bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Being Discovered: The Werner Von Boltenstern Shanghai Photograph and Negative Collection
Authors: Hubbard Melanie
Published: July 2020

The Werner von Boltenstern Shanghai Photograph and Negative Collection, housed in Loyola Marymount University’s William H. Hannon Library, is a series of photographs of 1930s–1940s Shanghai taken by Werner von Boltenstern. The images capture a time and place at a crossroads of culture and history. World War II and the Second Sino-Japanese War were raging and the city, a trade center populated by numerous peoples, including Chinese citizens, British, French, and American nationals, Sephardic and Russian Jews, and the occupying Japanese military, was receiving an influx of European Jews fleeing Nazi Europe. The rediscovery of this collection (it sat unused for many years) led to its digitization, a successful crowdsourcing effort to gather more metadata, and the incorporation of the collection into an LMU Literature of the Holocaust class digital project. Through these endeavors, the library has increased its understanding of the collection’s historical value, in particular as it relates to Holocaust studies and Jewish studies more broadly.
Laboratory Tests Used in the Diagnosis of Immune Thrombocytopenia and General Treatment Approaches
Authors: Ozcelik Fatih , Keskin Umran , Kılıçaslan Emrah , Kale Ebru
Published: July 2020

Immune thrombocytopenia currently called under its’ new name, immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, in which the body attacks its own platelets due to the disorders in immune system. The pathophysiology of this disease includes increased platelet destruction and most megakaryocyte production in bone marrow. The most common clinical manifestation of ITP is mild or severe progressive bleeding that could result in death. ITP is generally named as primary or secondary ITP according to thrombocytopenia severity, disease duration, bleeding status and secondary occurrence of the disease. Currently for diagnosis, despite the blood count, antiglobulin test and laboratory tests that can detect platelet-bound antibodies, they are not enough for definitive diagnosis. Like the difficulty in diagnosis, ITP treatment is quite complicated which varies depending on age, characteristics and risk of the patient. It is classified as first, second and third-line treatment options. Also, depending on the condition of patients, combined treatment might be an option which increases the complexity of the treatment. Unfortunately, discussions related to different clinical applications in diagnosis and treatments continue recently. For this reason, we considered that preparation of a review containing recent updates in diagnostic approaches and treatment options in ITP will be remarkable and beneficial for physicians interested in this subject.
Identity Crisis - Common Tumors in Exceptional Locations, A Case Series
Authors: Rajendran Thilaga , Palanisamy Vanitha , Vasavan Yabitha , Shanmuganathan Jothi
Published: July 2020

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) accounts for only 5% of all salivary gland tumors and is most often seen in the parotid glands. MEC occurrence in the larynx is, however, rare. The incidence of primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of salivary glands is also scarce and comprises only about 1.6% of all salivary gland malignancies. Hereby, we share our experience in managing two patients with rare and opposite variants of malignancy which were diagnosed at the same time; MEC of the larynx and SCC of the parotid. In MEC tumors, the presence of the intermediate and mucous cells with positivity in mucicarmine stain are the significant features. For SCC tumors, identification of the usual tumor markers (p40, CK 5/6 and p63) are pathognomonic. Although MEC and SCC are common in the head and neck regions, the existence of these malignancies in exceptional locations must be considered. The key features mentioned in our comparison table can help distinguish both these tumors and to deliver the correct treatment modalities. The prevalence of genomic and carcinogenic factors in the occurrence of these tumors in uncommon locations needs to be explored in future studies.
Patient Safety and Clinical Risk Management for General Practice
Authors: Mango Lucio
Published: July 2020

General practitioners are the first contact between the person, the family and the community with the health system. The philosopher and epistemologist K. Popper (1902-1994) recommended the need to register errors, in order to know them, catalog them and therefore prevent them. J.Reason in 1963 introduced the systemic approach to the study of errors with the theory of latent errors. The knowledge of the causal factors, or which in any case contribute, of possible errors, as well as of the latent gaps in the system, is a fundamental prerequisite for the construction of paths aimed at improving the quality of assistance, structures and organizational aspects.
Professional Development of Employees as the Way to Innovative Country Integration
Authors: YAROSHENKO Oleg M. , VAPNYARCHUK Natalya M. , BURNYAGINA Yulia М. , KOZACHOK-TRUSH Nina V. , MOHILEVSKYI Leonid V.
Published: July 2020

Today, the successful competition of any domestic enterprise in the market of goods and services is conditioned on the use of new technologies and production processes. Such activity is innovative and plays a leading role in its life. Exacerbation of competition and decrease of competitiveness of domestic enterprises necessitate their innovative development. Information, intelligence, knowledge and innovation, which are the backbone of the country's human resources, are of particular importance in this context today. Therefore, the driving factors in the way of formation of personnel component of innovative development of the state economy are the training of innovative personnel – skilled workers, capable of creative work, professional development, introduction of high-tech technologies on the basis of development of the system of lifelong learning. The issues of professional development of employees are becoming especially relevant in the context of globalization, as well as the European and innovative integration of Ukraine. The author investigates the peculiarities of transformations of modern theoretical and legal approaches to professional development of employees in the context of European integration, human-centered and innovative approaches to doing business, in particular, the following tasks are solved: (1) the essence of the concepts of ‘professional development’, ‘functions of professional development of employees’, ‘professional training’ as legal categories is revealed; (2) leading functions of professional development of employees are generalized; (3) the vectors for further reform of the legal regulation of professional development of employees are determined; (4) the prospects and problems of influence of professional development of employees on the innovative development of individual enterprise and Ukraine as a whole are established. The author substantiates that the professional development of employees produces its direct impact both on individual enterprises and on the state as a whole in the sphere of innovative transformations. Undoubtedly, the gradual introduction of European standards and requirements, the adaptation of foreign legal regulation to the domestic realities and features of the legal system will allow to increase the economic potential, innovative component and competitiveness of Ukraine in the world market, as well as to bring the prospects of gradual accession into the European Union.
An Economic Analysis of the Social Grant Policy in South Africa
Authors: GARIDZIRAI Rufaro , CHIKURUWO Rufaro Emily
Published: July 2020

South Africa`s economy is largely influenced by socio-economic challenges that need attention. These challenges include poverty, stagnant economic growth, unemployment and crime. In a bid to address these challenges, the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa established the social grant system as one of the solutions to the above entrenched challenges. Section 27 (1) (c) of the Constitution affords everyone the right to social security, including, appropriate social support for themselves and those that depend on them. The critical question is whether the social grant system can solve all the above-mentioned challenges? This question remains as one of the unanswered questions in South Africa’s policy space. Extensive examination of this conundrum is therefore necessary. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate whether the social grants are economically sustainable in South Africa. The study utilized a combination of the doctrinal research methodology and literature review approach in achieving the objective of the study. The results of the study suggest that the social grant system is a short-term policy that presents long-run challenges, especially if the economic outlook of the country is not favorable. Therefore, although the social grant system is legally supported by the Constitution, it is nonetheless economically unsustainable considering the economic metrics of South Africa. Based on the results of the study, the paper proposes that the government introduces a new system of social grants that promotes small businesses for citizens so that they do not rely on the government for survival.
Analisis Risiko Bencana Kebakaran di Kecamatan Tambora Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat
Authors: Sutanti Nuniek , Tjahjono Boedi , Syaufina Lailan
Published: July 2020

Tambora sub-district is a sub-district that has the smallest area in West Jakarta with the largest population, causing Tambora sub-district to be a densely populated area. Population density which is not matched by the carrying capacity of the environment causes a region to become slum and prone to fire disasters. This study aims to analyze the level of risk of fire disasters in Tambora Subdistrict, West Jakarta. The methodology used in this study were the Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) analysis and fire disaster risk analysis by considering the relationship between the hazard and vulnerability variables. The results of the fire disaster risk analysis showed that the most dominant level of fire risk was a moderate risk level of 65.7%, a high risk level of 27.8% and the smallest was a low risk level of 6.5%. Viewed from the size of the area included in the medium and high risk of fire, indicating that Tambora Subdistrict is a subdistrict prone to fire and has a large potential loss of both property and life.
Integrasi Ruang Biru Pada Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Sebagai Instrumen Mitigasi Bencana Banjir di Kota Semarang
Authors: Astuti Khristiana Dwi , Sariffuddin S , Pangi P
Published: July 2020

Spatial planning as a guidance in spatial use, arrange various permitted activities in a space by considering various implications including natural disasters which may not be predictable. Semarang City with diverse topographic conditions has the potential for natural disasters, including flood. One of the flood disaster mitigation efforts is based on the existence of green space and blue-space as water catchment areas. But in fact, the substance of spatial planning has not clearly regulated the urban blue space. This study aims to integrate the blue space in the substance of regional spatial planning as a disaster mitigation instrument in the Semarang City. The research was conducted through a review of the substance of the spatial planning and flood disaster mitigation efforts that have been carried out in Semarang City. Based on the results of the studies that have been conducted, the integration of the blue space plan can be integrated in several contents of the regional spatial plan, starting from the formulation of objectives, policies, and spatial planning strategies to the direction of controlling spatial use.
Controversies around the social model of disability
Authors: Twardowski Andrzej
Published: July 2020

Twardowski Andrzej, Controversies around the social model of disability. Culture – Society – Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 7–21, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI: 10.14746/kse.2019.16.1

The aim of the article is to present a critical analysis of the social model of disability.In the first part, the author discusses the genesis, essence and basic advantages of the social model of disability. Next, five major disadvantages of this model are analysed:/1/ avoiding dealing with impairment as an important aspect of the lives of people with disabilities, /2/ separating impairment from disability, /3/ assuming that all people with disabilities are exposed to social oppression, /4/ postulating the creation of an environment without barriers and /5/ assuming that disability is the basis of the identity of people affected by it. In the final part of the article, the author presents reflections on the possibility of creating a new, more holistic model of disability.
A dissertation by Zygmunt Gloger Czy lud polski jeszcze śpiewa? [Does the Polish folk still sing?] (1905) a question about understanding of tradition, community and good remembrance12
Authors: Józefowicz Anna
Published: July 2020

Józefowicz Anna, A dissertation by Zygmunt Gloger Czy lud polski jeszcze śpiewa? [Does the Polish folk still sing?] (1905) a question about understanding of tradition, community and good remembrance. Culture – Society – Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 149–162, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2019.16.10.

The question contained in the title of the dissertation of the great folklore, researcher of the past, a lover of sightseeing trips – Zygmunt Gloger Czy lud polski jeszcze śpiewa? [Does the Polish folk still sing?] was asked, far more than a hundred years ago. It was put to Gloger by a French musician and journalist who was staying in Poland in 1901 to celebrate the opening of the Warsaw Philharmonic. He asked this way, because he was fascinated with musicpieces he had heard on the stage, based “on beautiful folk motifs”. Small size, because only 24-page Gloger’s dissertation issue in 1905 is an attempt to answer the problem raised in the title. Above all, the dissertation is an expression of Gloger’s regret over the changes that took place in contemporary culture, namely forgetting the role of the song for the Slav community. This is way the author knew the achievements of this community, he devoted his whole life tosaving them, he could not understand how contemporary intelligentsia did not see the need for protection, as he described it “our ancient, native and indigenously Slavicnational song and music”. This text is an attempt to analyze Gloger’s essay Czy lud polski jeszcze śpiewa? [Does the Polish folk still sing?], extracting and developing the main theses contained in it, as well as noticing their value today, not forgetting the circumstances of creating the text over 100 years ago.
Transferring differentiation and integration through picking up students’ speech by hip-hop and its appreciation
Authors: Janiec Jerzy
Published: July 2020

Janiec Jerzy, Transferring differentiation and integration through picking up students’ speech by hip-hop and its appreciation. Culture – Society – Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 23–44, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2019.16.2.

The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate the Hip-hop based Education (HHBE) and Hip-hop Pedagogy (HHPED) as two accommodating strategies that may be utilized fourishingly to differentiate a teaching-learning process further to integrate learners in any education-like environment, as the example the IB World School No. 006654 International School of Bydgoszcz (ISOB) has been chosen. This is the first study presenting international community in a truly homogeneous society (ca. 98% of Polish inhabitants in their country). The author enlists affirmative methodologies beginning with a hypothesis that the Hip-hop cultureis gaining popularity among adolescents in greater numbers. As a result of observations, interviews and survey he is acquainted with students’ wants and needs. There is a necessity to put them in a bigger picture by analyzing the phenomenon from a historical, sociological, political, economical and intercultural viewpoint on a local (Bydgoszcz’s) and global scale. And finally, the author is describing a use of the aforesaid strategies through transfer skills that are taught in the IB History and Social Studies classes.
Styles of teaching Science compared to job seniority and teacher’s education. The student’s perspective12
Authors: Czapla Małgorzata , Rataszewska Agata
Published: July 2020

Czapla Małgorzata, Rataszewska Agata, Styles of teaching Science compared to job seniority and teacher’s education. The student’s perspective. Culture – Society – Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 95–114, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2019.16.7.The article presents the manner of work of science teachers on the basis of students’ opinions. The research included 870 6th grade primary school students, whose teachers had different work experience and level of education. The authors used the diagnostic survey as the research method. Flander’s analysis category system was used for the analysis of classroom interactions. In order to establish the relationship between the pairs of quality variables, the chi-square test of independence was used. It has been found that the teaching style is consistent with an adopted teaching model. There are two main types of teaching models: a model based on cognitive psychology and behavioural psychology. The model is reflected in the teacher’s teaching style, which might be reactive or directive. In the students’ opinion science teachers, particularly those with the shortest work experience, most often transmit their knowledge to students during classes (directive style). Those with more seniority and experience encourage students to perform certain tasks more frequently (reactive style). Science teacher’s education does not influence the teaching style and the majorityof teachers prefer a syncretic style. Students of the teacherspreferring a directive style revealed lower interest in sciencethan those who were taught in reactive style.As a result of this disinterest, the studied students only occasionallyperformed activities in direct contact with nature.
How Much Better Is Commitment Policy Than Discretionary Policy? Evidence From Six Developed Economies
Authors: Scott C. Patrick
Published: July 2020

Much has been written on how an active central bank produces inflation outcomes above and beyond what commitment policy would produce. This paper contributes to this body of literature by simulating from the state estimates of both commitment and discretionary policy equilibria in a familiar dynamic New–Keynesian framework. Optimal interest rate and inflation rate policies are derived under the two regimes for six developed economies. The model is estimated using Bayesian methods employing a random-walk Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. Optimal inflation and interest rate policies for each of the economies are simulated. Results suggest that the simulated inflation induced by discretionary policy is not significantly different from commitment policy after 2000 for five of the six countries (including the U.S). Simulated commitment interest rate policy is on average 1.9% higher at the center of the distribution, suggesting that discretionary interest rate policy is on average more often loose compared to commitment interest rate policy. Simulations of the average inflation deviation and welfare loss of discretion policy indicate are greatest when the central bank exhibits low preference for inflation targeting and high preference for output stability.
Analysis of statistical coefficients and autoregressive parameters over intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) for epileptic seizure detection
Authors: Djemili Rafik
Published: July 2020

Epilepsy is a persistent neurological disorder impacting over 50 million people around the world. It is characterized by repeated seizures defined as brief episodes of involuntary movement that might entail the human body. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are usually used for the detection of epileptic seizures. This paper introduces a new feature extraction method for the classification of seizure and seizure-free EEG time segments. The proposed method relies on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), statistics and autoregressive (AR) parameters. The EMD method decomposes an EEG time segment into a finite set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) from which statistical coefficients and autoregressive parameters are computed. Nevertheless, the calculated features could be of high dimension as the number of IMFs increases, the Student’s t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test were thus employed for features ranking in order to withdraw lower significant features. The obtained features have been used for the classification of seizure and seizure-free EEG signals by the application of a feed-forward multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) classifier. Experimental results carried out on the EEG database provided by the University of Bonn, Germany, demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method which performance assessed by the classification accuracy (CA) is compared to other existing performances reported in the literature.
The Use of Statistical Functions for the Selection of Laser Texturing Parameters
Authors: Sęk Piotr
Published: July 2020

Laser surface texturing is currently the most developed technique for producing fully reproducible microcavities on the surfaces of machine elements. From the point of view of texture technology, an important aspect is the proper selection of process parameters to obtain texture elements with desirable and repetitive geometries and physicochemical properties. Surface texturing improves mottling and fretting resistance and is also used wherever the adhesion properties of surface layers (printing techniques, bonding materials, biological and chemical activity, coatings, etc.) are important. The article shows the possibility of applying statistical functions to the selection of appropriate machining parameters to obtain microgeometry useful in the application of textured surfaces [1].
Small dense low-density lipoprotein-lowering agents
Authors: Alizadeh-Fanalou Shahin , Nazarizadeh Ali , Alian Fatemeh , Faraji Parisa , Sorori Bahareh , Khosravi Mohsen
Published: July 2020

Metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, as well as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly atherosclerosis, are still leading causes of death worldwide. Plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are currently being considered as a critical risk factor for the diseases mentioned above, especially atherosclerosis. Because of the heterogeneous nature of LDL, many studies have already been conducted on its subclasses, especially small dense LDL (sdLDL). According to available evidence, sdLDL levels can be considered as an ideal alternative to LDL levels for monitoring CVD and early diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Recently, several researchers have focused on factors that are able to decrease sdLDL levels and improve health quality. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the production process of sdLDL particles and review the effects of pharmaceutical and dietary agents as well as lifestyle on sdLDL plasma levels. In brief, their mechanisms of action are discussed. Apparently, cholesterol and LDL-lowering compounds are also effective in the reduction of sdLDL levels. In addition, improving lipid profile, especially the reduction of triglyceride levels, appropriate regimen, and lifestyle can decrease sdLDL levels. Therefore, all the aforementioned parameters should be taken into consideration simultaneously in sdLDL levels reducing strategies.
Desire and confusion: A sociolinguistic ethnography on affect in the ethnic economy of Thai massage
Authors: Flubacher Mi-Cha
Published: July 2020

In my contribution, I will look at the interconnections between language, work, ethnicity and gender in the exemplary site of the Thai massage studio as part of a larger sociolinguistic ethnography in Vienna, Austria. I argue that Thai massage therapists are trying to establish an independent and professional self, while being continuously repositioned along gendered and racial stereotypes based on post-colonial ideas of the “exotic woman”. In other words, their work empowers them on the local labour market, but simultaneously threatens to reinstall clear social and ethnical hierarchies. In order to unpack this complex, I propose to discuss two theoretical concepts from a critical sociolinguistic perspective: the ethnic economy and the affect of desire, as they both inform an understanding of Thai massage as a particular localised global practice. I will first discuss ambivalent opportunities related to language competences in the ethnic economy, and then turn to examine how male clients come to ascribe “confused affect” to their experience with desire in the Thai massage. Finally, I will discuss the issue of researcher positionality in dealing with the potential reproduction of exoticisation through research.
Theoretical analysis of the influence of plane control network on lateral breakthrough error of long immersed tunnel
Authors: Wang Xinpeng , Huang Shengxiang , Li Guanqing , Li Chenfeng , Zhang Wen
Published: July 2020

There is extremely strict precision requirement for the lateral breakthrough error of long immersed tunnel in the offshore island and tunnel project, but the point location layout range of the outer plane control network is limited in the artificial island, and the space inside the tunnel is long and narrow, which is not conducive to high-precision through-measurement control. In order to further reduce the influence of the error of the plane control network on the lateral breakthrough error of the immersed tunnel, a mathematical model of the influence of the lateral breakthrough error caused by the orientation direction of the outer control point and the position of the breakthrough point has been established through the theoretical analysis in this study, and the favorable orientation directions and the favorable penetration point are analyzed. It is suggested through simulation analysis that the direction that is as consistent with that from the entrance (outlet) point to the penetration point as possible is as the advantageous orientation, which could minimize the lateral penetration error and ensure high-precision rendezvous and docking of the immersed tunnel. This study is instructive for similar engineering practices.
Reduced basis approximations of the solutions to spectral fractional diffusion problems
Authors: Bonito Andrea , Guignard Diane , Zhang Ashley R.
Published: July 2020

We consider the numerical approximation of the spectral fractional diffusion problem based on the so called Balakrishnan representation. The latter consists of an improper integral approximated via quadratures. At each quadrature point, a reaction–diffusion problem must be approximated and is the method bottle neck. In this work, we propose to reduce the computational cost using a reduced basis strategy allowing for a fast evaluation of the reaction–diffusion problems. The reduced basis does not depend on the fractional power s for 0 < smin ⩽ s ⩽ smax < 1. It is built offline once for all and used online irrespectively of the fractional power. We analyze the reduced basis strategy and show its exponential convergence. The analytical results are illustrated with insightful numerical experiments.
Exercise during pregnancy: a comparative review of guidelines
Authors: Tsakiridis Ioannis , Bakaloudi Dimitra Rafailia , Oikonomidou Artemis Christina , Dagklis Themistoklis , Chourdakis Michail
Published: July 2020

Exercise during pregnancy may be beneficial provided that there are no contraindications. The aim of this study was to summarize and compare recommendations regarding exercise in pregnancy. Thus, a comparative descriptive review was conducted and included guidelines by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. All compared guidelines recommend that pregnant women without contraindications should undertake physical activities regularly, however, the type of workout performed should be adjusted based on the previous exercise experience and the physical condition of each pregnant woman. A variation among the reviewed guidelines was identified on appropriate and inappropriate activities and on indications to interrupt exercise. To summarize, the adoption of an international up-to-date consensus regarding appropriate exercise during pregnancy may be beneficial in ensuring the safety of the pregnant women while promoting their physical and mental health.
On the well-posedness of differential quasi-variational-hemivariational inequalities
Authors: Cen Jinxia , Min Chao , Nguyen Van Thien , Tang Guo-ji
Published: July 2020

The goal of this paper is to discuss the well-posedness and the generalized well-posedness of a new kind of differential quasi-variational-hemivariational inequality (DQHVI) in Hilbert spaces. Employing these concepts, we explore the essential relation between metric characterizations and the well-posedness of DQHVI. Moreover, the compactness of the set of solutions for DQHVI is delivered, when problem DQHVI is well-posed in the generalized sense.
The L-ordered L-semihypergroups
Authors: Su Shuhua , Liu Fuyao , Yang Shuqun
Published: July 2020

This study pursues an investigation on L-semihypergroups equipped with an L-order. First, the concept of L-ordered L-semihypergroups is introduced by L-posets and L-semihypergroups, and some related results are obtained. Then, prime, weakly prime, and semiprime L-hyperideals of L-ordered L-semihypergroups are studied. Moreover, the relationships among the three types of L-hyperideals are established. Finally, the intra-regular L-ordered L-semihypergroups are characterized in terms of these L-hyperideals. The results of the study show that some well-known results on ordered semihypergroups also hold in the case of L-ordered L-semihypergroups.
Crystal structure of 1-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl)ethan-1-one, C14H12N4O2
Authors: Yu Xiang , Huang Ling , Zhou Xing-Ji , Chen Ya-Fang
Published: July 2020

C14H12N4O2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 18.4206(15) Å, b = 8.8283(7) Å, c = 17.0215(14) Å, β = 110.253(4)°, V = 2596.9(4) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0715, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2072, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of methyl 2-(6,11-dioxo-2,3,6,11-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[f]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindole-5-carbonyl)benzoate, C24H17NO5
Authors: Fang Bo , Meng Jiang Ping , Luo Yan
Published: July 2020

C24H17NO5, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.5858(2) Å, b = 9.2397(4) Å, c = 13.7831(8) Å, α = 97.11(3)°, β = 103.23(3)°, γ = 113.33(3)°, V = 948.8(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0545, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1669, T = 296(2) K.
Kaspar in the wild: Experiences from deploying a small humanoid robot in a nursery school for children with autism
Authors: Syrdal Dag Sverre , Dautenhahn Kerstin , Robins Ben , Karakosta Efstathia , Jones Nan Cannon
Published: July 2020

This article describes a long-term study evaluating the use of the humanoid robot Kaspar in a specialist nursery for children with autism. The robot was used as a tool in the hands of teachers or volunteers, in the absence of the research team on-site. On average each child spent 16.53 months in the study. Staff and volunteers at the nursery were trained in using Kaspar and were using it in their day-to-day activities in the nursery. Our study combines an “in the wild” approach with a rigorous approach of collecting and including users’ feedback during an iterative evaluation and design cycle of the robot. This article focuses on the design of the study and the results from several interviews with the robot’s users. We also show results from the children’s developmental assessments by the teachers prior to and after the study. Results suggest a marked beneficial effect for the children from interacting with Kaspar. We highlight the challenges of transferring experimental technologies like Kaspar from a research setting into everyday practice in general and making it part of the day-to-day running of a nursery school in particular. Feedback from users led subsequently to many changes being made to Kaspar’s hardware and software. This type of invaluable feedback can only be gained in such long-term field studies.
Varieties of abstract concepts and their grounding in perception or action
Authors: Kiefer Markus , Harpaintner Marcel
Published: July 2020

For a very long time, theorizing in the cognitive sciences was dominated by the assumption that abstract concepts, which lack a perceivable referent, can only be handled by amodal or verbal linguistic representations. In the last years, however, refined grounded cognition theories emphasizing the importance of emotional and introspective information for abstract concepts, in addition to verbal associations and sensorimotor information, have received increasing support. Here, we review theoretical accounts of the structure and neural basis of conceptual memory and evaluate them in light of recent empirical evidence with regard to the processing of concrete and abstract concepts. Based on this literature review, we argue that abstract concepts should not be treated as a homogenous conceptual category, whose meaning is established by one single specific type of representation. Instead, depending on the feature composition, there are different subgroups of abstract concepts, including those with strong relations to vision or action, which are represented in the visual and motor brain systems similar to concrete concepts. The reviewed findings with regard to concrete and abstract concepts can be accommodated best by hybrid theories of conceptual representation assuming an interaction between modality-specific, multimodal and amodal hub areas.
Investigation of effective parameters on SAPO-34 nanocatalyst in the methanol-to-olefin conversion process: a review
Authors: Yang Zhidong , Zhang Liehui , Zhou Yuhui , Wang Hui , Wen Lichen , Kianfar Ehsan
Published: July 2020

Light olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butylene are mainly used in the petrochemical industry. Due to the growing need for light olefins in the industry and the future shortage of petroleum resources, the process of converting methanol to olefins (MTO) using non-oil sources has been considered as an alternative. Coal and natural gas are abundant in nature and the methods of converting them to methanol are well known today. Coal gasification or steam reforming of natural gas to produce synthetic gas (CO and hydrogen gas) can lead to methanol production. Methanol can also be catalytically converted to gasoline or olefins depending on the effective process and catalyst factors used. Due to the use of crude methanol in the MTO unit and because the feed does not require primary distillation, if the MTO unit is installed alongside the methanol unit, its capital costs will be reduced. The use of methanol can have advantages such as easier and less expensive transportation than ethane. Among the available catalysts, SAPO-34 is the most suitable catalyst for this process due to its small cavities and medium acidity. One of the problems of MTO units is the rapid deactivation of SAPO-34, which can also be affected by the synthesis factors, so it is possible to optimize the catalyst performance by modifying the synthesis conditions. In this article, we will introduce the MTO process and the factors affecting the production of light olefins.
A Literary Topos of Abundance: Two Emesal Prayers to Enki
Authors: Gabbay Uri , Mirelman Sam , Reid Nicholas
Published: July 2020

This study analyses a literary topos concerning the abundance of natural phenomena, including fresh water, reed beds and fish. The standardised sequence listing such abundant natural features occurs in two previously unpublished tablets containing Emesal prayers concerning the god Enki, published in this article. The Old Babylonian tablet, of unknown provenance, attests to a unique composition. The tablet from Late Babylonian Ur, which is partially paralleled by a previously known manuscript, includes performative indications.
An Old Babylonian Dialogue between a Father and his Son
Authors: Foster Benjamin R. , George Andrew R.
Published: July 2020

This article is the editio princeps of a large Old Babylonian clay prism, now in the Yale Babylonian Collection. The text written on it is a long wisdom composition that is hitherto mostly unknown. It begins with a father and son embroiled in an abusive dialogue, and ends with a monologue in which the father looks forward to death and curses his son. The critical edition is accompanied by cuneiform copies and photographs.
MAH 16069 : fragment d’un cantique pour la fête d’Ishtar (‹Ishtar-Louvre›)
Authors: Cavigneaux Antoine , Clevenstine Emmert
Published: July 2020

A new duplicate of the hymn dubbed ‹Ishtar-Louvre› is published here. It supplies part of the lost end of the text, and prompts new interpretations of some previously known passages (uzunšu liškun mummāšipu i 2 and 4; in the play of the loom, Ishtar determines the sex of the baby i 45 sq.) as well as lexical remarks on tūqaru/tūgaru, sissiru.
Nouveaux joints relatifs au grand rituel louvite de Kuwattalla et Šilalluḫi
Authors: Sasseville David
Published: July 2020

In his edition of Cuneiform Luwian texts, Starke categorizes the rituals of Kuwattalla into three groups. While the existence of the first two in which Šilalluḫi participates is secured, the third one is highly hypothetical. In this paper, new joins of fragments made by the author are presented, which confirm the recent arguments of Hutter against the third ritual of Starke and bear consequences for the rearrangement of the rituals of the Kuwattalla tradition. Furthermore, it is shown that the various redactions of the Great Ritual were not kept in the same archives at the city of Ḫattuša.
Houses with a Central Courtyard. House Concepts in the Late Ninevite 5 Period at Tell Arbid
Authors: Smogorzewska Anna
Published: July 2020

Houses with central courtyards, examples of which were uncovered at Tell Arbid, show that standardization in house plans and spatial organization characteristic for EJZ 3 domestic architecture, can be traced back to the late Ninevite 5 period. Houses of this type were built at plots of lands and had a regular internal layout. Also in terms of socio-economic organization houses with central courtyards of late Ninevite 5 date can be regarded as a reference to the EJZ 3 period.
Elevated pressure low-temperature oxidation of linear five-heavy-atom fuels: diethyl ether, n-pentane, and their mixture
Authors: Tran Luc-Sy , Li Yuyang , Zeng Meirong , Pieper Julia , Qi Fei , Battin-Leclerc Frédérique , Kohse-Höinghaus Katharina , Herbinet Olivier
Published: July 2020

Diethyl ether (DEE) has been proposed as a biofuel additive for compression-ignition engines, as an ignition improver for homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines, and as a suitable component for dual-fuel mixtures in reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engines. The combustion in these engines is significantly controlled by low-temperature (LT) chemistry. Fundamental studies of DEE LT oxidation chemistry and of its influence in fuel-mixture oxidation are thus highly important, especially at elevated pressures. Elevated pressure speciation data were measured for the LT oxidation of DEE, of its similarly-structured linear five-heavy-atom hydrocarbon fuel (n-pentane), and of a mixture of the two fuels in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) in the temperature range of 400–1100 K and at various pressures up to 10 bar. The pressure influence on the LT oxidation chemistry of DEE was investigated by a comparison of the measured profiles of oxidation products. The results for DEE and n-pentane were then inspected with regard to fuel structure influences on the LT oxidation behavior. The new speciation data were used to test recent kinetic models for these fuels [Tran et al., Proc. Combust. Inst. 37 (2019) 511 and Bugler et al., Proc. Combust. Inst. 36 (2017) 441]. The models predict the major features of the LT chemistry of these fuels well and could thus subsequently assist in the data interpretation. Finally, the LT oxidation behavior of an equimolar mixture of the two fuels was explored. The interaction between the two fuels and the effects of the pressure on the fuel mixture oxidation were examined. In addition to reactions within the combined model for the two fuels, about 80 cross-reactions between primary reactive species generated from these two fuel molecules were added to explore their potential influences.
Diagnóstico ambiental participativo con jóvenes de una Reserva Ecológica municipal para el diseño de una propuesta de educación ambiental no formal
Authors: Campos Castillo Andrés Antonio , García-Gil Gerardo , Aguilar Cordero Wilian de Jesús , Vermont Ricalde Rita Minelia , Peña Yolanda Oliva
Published: July 2020

La participación social en la gestión de las áreas naturales protegidas (ANP) es un aspecto fundamental para el correcto funcionamiento del suelo destinado a la conservación de los recursos naturales. En el proceso de participación social es trascendente involucrar a las nuevas generaciones, por lo que en este trabajo se realizó un diagnóstico ambiental participativo (DAP) con 16 jóvenes de la localidad Dzoyaxché, Mérida, Yucatán, que viven dentro la Reserva Ecológica Cuxtal (REC). Se trabajaron cuatro fases metodológicas y un eje transversal, que permitieron conocer la problemática socioambiental. Se reconocen 17 problemas principales integrados en ocho ejes. Los resultados se utilizaron para diseñar un Plan Intercultural de Educación Ambiental no formal para jóvenes de la REC, el cual quedó integrado por seis líneas de acción: 1) Formación y capacitación; 2) Producción de material didáctico intercultural; 3) Generación de proyectos; 4) Investigación; 5) Seguimiento y evaluación; 6) Articulación de esfuerzos. El Plan fue aceptado por los participantes y desarrollado bajo principios de la interculturalidad, con una metodología participativa que permitió que los jóvenes se involucraran en todo el proceso de trabajo y se motivaran para desarrollarlo en su comunidad y en la Reserva.
Actividad antibacteriana de propóleos con la adición de chalconas sintéticas
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Betsabé , Penieres Carrillo José Guillermo , Canales Martínez María Margarita , Cruz Sánchez Tonatiuh Alejandro
Published: July 2020

La actividad antibacteriana de los propóleos se relaciona con el contenido de compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides; sin embargo, no todos los propóleos presentan esta propiedad debido a la ausencia o baja cantidad de estos compuestos, pero se puede incrementar con la adición de chalconas sintéticas. Se sintetizaron tres chalconas: 1,3-difenilpropil-2E-1-ona (PLCR-1); y dos análogos con sustituyentes hidroxilo: 1-(3,4-dihidroxifenil)-4-(2,4,6-trihidroxifenil)prop-2E-en-1-ona (PLCR-2) y 1-(3,4-dihidroxifenil)-4-(2,4-dihidroxifenil)prop-2E-en-1-ona (PLCR-3) que se adicionaron en distintas proporciones a dos propóleos, uno del estado de Guanajuato (sin flavonoides) y otro del Estado de México (con flavonoides) para evaluar la actividad antibacteriana contra cepas de referencia de Staphylococcus aureus y de Escherichia coli, utilizando el método Kirby Bauer. Los resultados muestran que únicamente la chalcona PLCR-3 potencializó el efecto antibacteriano de ambas muestras frente a S. aureus. El incremento de la actividad antibacteriana de un propóleo con la adición de chalconas sintéticas está en relación con el microorganismo evaluado y la proporción utilizada.
The World Beyond the Pages of Books
Authors: Keene Bryan C.
Published: July 2020

The global turn in European medieval studies has attempted to present connections and comparisons that cover all corners of the Earth. Many of these histories rely on textual and material evidence for moments of encounter and exchange. This essay presents teaching strategies that center various approaches to mapping that look beyond the pages of books to include other oral and visual traditions. One approach is to engage with Indigenous ways of naming land, water, and region, and to meet with local Native communities especially for medievalists working in the Americas. Another is to model interdisciplinarity by looking to the history of science, conservation, climate, disease, and more to demonstrate how scholars can learn from other specializations. A final example involves mapping global pathways through museum collections and displays, with an example of finding premodern Africa in The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
The association between melasma and iron profile: a case-control study
Authors: Goodarzi Azadeh , Behrangi Elham , Bazargan Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh , Rohaninasab Masoomeh , Hosseini-Baharanchi Fatemeh Sadat , Shemshadi Mahsa , Vafaei Elham
Published: July 2020

Background — Melasma is a chronic acquired localized hypermelanosis, causing aesthetic problem for women and impairing their quality of life. Evidence has suggested that hyperpigmentation can occur as a result of iron deficiency anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency. Aim — We aimed to evaluate the serum parameters of iron profile in melasma patients. Material and Methods — This case-control study investigated 51 adult non pregnant women with melasma, compared with 51 controls, from patients referred to the Hospital, Tehran, Iran, 2017–2018. Melasma was diagnosed clinically according to the melasma area and severity index (MASI) score was calculated and recorded by the physician. The groups were compared in terms of vitamin B12, folate, serum iron, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin. Results — The mean and standard deviation of the women’s age was 36.89±8.88 years, significantly higher in the group of patients with melasma. Comparing the serum parameters between the groups indicated no statistically significant difference in terms of mean levels of ferritin, Hb, MCV, iron, vitamin B12, TIBC, and folate. The women in melasma group had a higher frequency in below normal range of ferritin and serum iron compared to the control group. None of the serum parameters were correlated with MASI. Conclusion — The higher frequency of below normal range of ferritin and serum iron levels in women with melasma compared to the control group showed a possible association between these serum parameters and melasma.