bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of phosphorus scavenging by iron in contrasting dimictic lakes
Authors: Hoffman Adam R. , Armstrong David E. , Lathrop Richard C.
Published: March 2013

Internal regulatory controls of phosphorus (P) via iron (Fe) scavenging were quantified in four contrasting dimictic Wisconsin lakes: Mendota (eutrophic, calcareous), Fish (mesotrophic, calcareous), Devil’s (mesotrophic, noncalcareous), and Sparkling (oligotrophic, noncalcareous). Hypolimnetic enrichment of P was highest in Mendota and Devil’s and least in Fish and Sparkling. This enrichment was attributed mainly to internal loading in the noncalcareous lakes and regeneration of sedimenting epilimnetic P in the calcareous lakes. Differences in Fe scavenging efficiencies at fall turnover were related to hypolimnetic Fe:P molar ratios as well as Fe availability and its control by sulfate–sulfide chemistries. In the noncalcareous lakes with high hypolimnetic Fe enrichment (Fe:P > 2), 45% of whole-lake total P was removed. P removal was low (<20%) in the two calcareous lakes with minimal Fe enrichment (Fe:P < 2). These differences in hypolimnetic P enrichment and subsequent Fe scavenging at fall turnover help to explain the differences in the amount of P available for subsequent spring and summer primary production as well as the differences in trophic state of the four lakes.
Garlic and cardioprotection: insights into the molecular mechanisms
Authors: Khatua Tarak Nath , Adela Ramu , Banerjee Sanjay K.
Published: March 2013

Garlic is widely recognized for its immense therapeutic potential. Garlic has been shown to exert its beneficial effects against a wide spectrum of diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and microbial infections, as well as immunological and cardiovascular disorders. Most of the research on garlic has indicated that garlic and its active compounds are effective in reducing cardiovascular and metabolic risk by normalizing abnormal plasma lipids, oxidized low density lipoproteins, abnormal platelet aggregation, high blood pressure, and cardiac injury. Some of the beneficial effects of dietary garlic against cardiovascular disorders are mediated via the generation of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. Garlic has the potential to protect the heart against myocardial infarction, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, arrhythmia, hypertrophy, and ischemia–reperfusion injury. The induction of cardiac endogenous antioxidants and the reduction of lipid peroxidation by garlic has been reported by several different groups. Other mechanisms, such as regulating ion channels, modulating Akt signaling pathways, histone deacetylase inhibition, and cytochrome P450 inhibition, could be responsible for the cardioprotective effect of garlic. Although several mechanisms have been identified for the cardioprotective effect of garlic, there is a need for further research to identify the specific molecular mechanism of cardioprotection in different cardiac diseases.
SPONTANEOUS BREAKING OF LORENTZ SYMMETRY AND VERTEX OPERATORS FOR VORTICES
Authors: BALACHANDRAN A. P. , KÜRKÇÜOǦLU S. , DE QUEIROZ A. R.
Published: March 2013

We first review the spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking in the presence of massless gauge fields and infraparticles. This result was obtained long time ago in the context of rigorous quantum field theory (QFT) by Fröhlich, Morchio and Strocchi [Ann. Phys.119, 241 (1979); Phys. Lett. B89, 61 (1979)] and reformulated by Balachandran and Vaidya (arXiv:1302.3406) using the notion of superselection sectors and direction-dependent test functions at spatial infinity for gauge transformations. Inspired by these developments and under the assumption that the spectrum of the electric charge is quantized (in units of a fundamental charge e), we construct a family of vertex operators which create winding number k, electrically charged Abelian vortices from the vacuum (zero winding number sector) and/or shift the winding number by k units. Vortices created by this vertex operator may be viewed both as a source and as a probe for inducing and detecting the breaking of spontaneous Lorentz symmetry.

We find that for rotating vortices, the vertex operator at level k shifts the angular momentum of the vortex by [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the electric charge of the quantum state of the vortex and q is the charge of the vortex scalar field under the U(1) gauge field. We also show that, for charged-particle-vortex composites, angular momentum eigenvalues shift by [Formula: see text] being the electric charge of the charged-particle-vortex composite. This leads to the result that for [Formula: see text] half-odd integral and for odd k, our vertex operators flip the statistics of charged-particle-vortex composites from bosons to fermions and vice versa. For fractional values of [Formula: see text], application of vertex operator on charged-particle-vortex composite leads in general to composites with anyonic statistics.
PARTIAL CONTROL OF ESCAPES IN CHAOTIC SCATTERING
Authors: COCCOLO MATTIA , SEOANE JESÚS M. , ZAMBRANO SAMUEL , SANJUÁN MIGUEL A. F.
Published: March 2013

Chaotic scattering in open Hamiltonian systems is relevant for different problems in physics. Particles in such kind of systems can exhibit both bounded or unbounded motions for which escapes from the scattering region can take place. This paper analyzes how to control the escape of the particles from the scattering region in the presence of noise. For that purpose, we apply the partial control technique to the Hénon–Heiles system, which implies that we need to use a control smaller than the noise present in the system. The main finding of our work is the successful control of the particles in the scattering region with a control smaller than noise. We have also analyzed and compared the escapes time of orbits in the scattering region for different situations. Finally, we believe that our results might contribute to a better understanding of both chaotic scattering phenomena and the application of the partial control technique to continuous dynamical systems.
SIMPLE LMI-BASED SYNCHRONIZATION OF FRACTIONAL-ORDER CHAOTIC SYSTEMS
Authors: KUNTANAPREEDA SUWAT
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a simple scheme for synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems. The scheme utilizes a recently developed LMI (Linear matrix inequality) stabilization theorem for fractional-order linear interval systems to design a linear controller. In contrast to existing schemes in the literature, the present scheme is straightforward and does not require that nonlinear parts of synchronization error dynamics are cancelled by the controller. The fractional-order Rössler, Lorenz, and hyperchaotic Chen systems are used as demonstrative examples. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the present scheme.
DOUBLE HOPF BIFURCATION IN DELAYED VAN DER POL–DUFFING EQUATION
Authors: DING YUTING , JIANG WEIHUA , YU PEI
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we study dynamics in delayed van der Pol–Duffing equation, with particular attention focused on nonresonant double Hopf bifurcation. Both multiple time scales and center manifold reduction methods are applied to obtain the normal forms near a double Hopf critical point. A comparison between these two methods is given to show their equivalence. Bifurcations are classified in a two-dimensional parameter space near the critical point. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the theoretical results.
CALCULATION OF JULIA SETS BY EQUIPOTENTIAL POINT ALGORITHM
Authors: SUN YUANYUAN , ZHAO XUDONG , HOU KAINING
Published: March 2013

Escape time algorithm is a classical algorithm to calculate the Julia sets, but it has the disadvantage of dull color and cannot record the iterative process of the points. In this paper, we present the equipotential point algorithm to calculate the Julia sets by recording the strike frequency of the points in the iterative process. We calculate and analyze the Julia sets in the complex plane by using this algorithm. Finally, we discuss the iteration trajectory of a single point.
NILPOTENT INNER DERIVATIONS ON SOME SUBRINGS OF Mn(ℝ)
Authors: PAJOOHESH H. , RODRIGUEZ P. , WADDELL C.
Published: March 2013

It is known that the degree of nilpotency of a nilpotent derivation on a prime ring including the ring of n × n matrices must be an odd number. In this article we introduce subrings of the ring of of n × n matrices that admit derivations with an even degree of nilpotency.
RECOVERING RINGS FROM ZERO-DIVISOR GRAPHS
Authors: REDMOND SHANE P.
Published: March 2013

Suppose G is the zero-divisor graph of some commutative ring with 1. When G has four or more vertices, a method is presented to find a specific commutative ring R with 1 such that Γ(R) ≅ G. Furthermore, this ring R can be written as R ≅ R1 × R2 × ⋯ × Rn, where each Ri is local and this representation of R is unique up to factors Ri with isomorphic zero-divisor graphs. It is also shown that for graphs on four or more vertices, no local ring has the same zero-divisor graph as a non-local ring and no reduced ring has the same zero-divisor graph as a non-reduced ring.
SIMPLE MODULES AND NON-COMMUTATIVE QUADRICS
Authors: JØNDRUP SØREN
Published: March 2013

In this paper we classify non-commutative quadrics and study their homological properties. In fact we find all non-commutative algebras of degree 2 up to isomorphism and we study these algebras via their homomorphic images onto the polynomial algebra k[x,y] as well as the Ext 1(k(p), k(q))-groups, where k(p) and k(q) are one-dimensional simple modules. Moreover some general results on simple finite-dimensional modules are obtained. Some of these results are applied to the special cases of non-commutative quadrics.
PURITY RELATIVE TO CLASSES OF FINITELY PRESENTED MODULES
Authors: MEHDI AKEEL RAMADAN
Published: March 2013

We investigate purities determined by classes of finitely presented modules including the correspondence between purities for left and right modules. We show some cases where purities determined by matrices of given sizes are different. Then we consider purities over finite-dimensional algebras, giving a general description of the relative pure-injectives which we make completely explicit in the case of tame hereditary algebras.
ON TENSOR PRODUCT DECOMPOSITION OF $\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}(n)$ MODULES
Authors: MISRA KAILASH C. , WILSON EVAN A.
Published: March 2013

We decompose the [Formula: see text]-module V(Λ0) ⊗ V(Λ0) and give generating function identities for the outer multiplicities. In the process we discover an infinite family of partition identities, which are seemingly new even in the n = 3 case.
Humanitarian Governance
Authors: Barnett Michael N.
Published: March 2013

This review examines humanitarian governance, defined as the increasingly organized and internationalized attempt to save the lives, enhance the welfare, and reduce the suffering of the world's most vulnerable populations. Political scientists and international relations scholars are only now beginning to explain this rapidly growing global governance of humanity, which is particularly evident in the developing literatures on humanitarian intervention, emergency relief, peacebuilding, and refugee protection. As they increasingly engage this relatively unexplored area of global life, political scientists are using the familiar analytics of the global governance literature to explain the origins, design, and effectiveness of this collective activity. This essay, though, interjects an alternative perspective, one that draws from critical theory, to widen the research agenda of the study of humanitarian governance. Specifically, the essay raises six central questions: What kind of world is being imagined and produced? What accounts for the tremendous growth of humanitarian governance over the last century? Who governs? How is humanitarian governance organized and accomplished? What are the principal techniques of control? By what authority do humanitarians govern and what do they do with that authority?
Social Scientific Inquiry Into Genocide and Mass Killing: From Unitary Outcome to Complex Processes
Authors: Owens Peter B. , Su Yang , Snow David A.
Published: March 2013

This article reviews social scientific research on the occurrence of genocide and mass killing, focusing on the underlying, contributing processes. Relevant studies are grouped by their primary analytic focus: (a) macro-level state and institutional processes, (b) political elites and policy decisions, (c) nonelite perpetrator motivation and participation, (d) social construction of victim group identity, and (e) local and regional variation within larger episodes. We also discuss issues relating to the conceptualization and definition of genocide, the utilization of different sources of data, methodological tendencies, and general analytic trends. Although recent studies show a promising move toward greater analytic disaggregation and engagement with various causal processes and outcomes at the meso and micro levels, genocide scholars must broaden their theoretical engagement with parallel fields of inquiry, continue to be creative in locating original data sources, and account for both positive and negative cases.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition attenuates skeletal muscle signaling following acute exercise but does not impair mitochondrial adaptations to endurance training
Authors: Wadley G. D. , Nicolas M. A. , Hiam D. S. , McConell G. K.
Published: March 2013

The aim of this research was to examine the impact of the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor allopurinol on the skeletal muscle activation of cell signaling kinases' and adaptations to mitochondrial proteins and antioxidant enzymes following acute endurance exercise and endurance training. Male Sprague-Dawley rats performed either acute exercise (60 min of treadmill running, 27 m/min, 5% incline) or 6 wk of endurance training (5 days/wk) while receiving allopurinol or vehicle. Allopurinol treatment reduced XO activity to 5% of the basal levels ( P < 0.05), with skeletal muscle uric acid levels being almost undetectable. Following acute exercise, skeletal muscle oxidized glutathione (GSSG) significantly increased in allopurinol- and vehicle-treated groups despite XO activity and uric acid levels being unaltered by acute exercise ( P < 0.05). This suggests that the source of ROS was not from XO. Surprisingly, muscle GSSG levels were significantly increased following allopurinol treatment. Following acute exercise, allopurinol treatment prevented the increase in p38 MAPK and ERK phosphorylation and attenuated the increase in mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) mRNA ( P < 0.05) but had no effect on the increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor-2, GLUT4, or superoxide dismutase mRNA. Allopurinol also had no impact on the endurance training-induced increases in PGC-1α, mtTFA, and mitochondrial proteins including cytochrome c, citrate synthase, and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. In conclusion, although allopurinol inhibits cell signaling pathways in response to acute exercise, the inhibitory effects of allopurinol appear unrelated to exercise-induced ROS production by XO. Allopurinol also has little effect on increases in mitochondrial proteins following endurance training.
Targeted Disruption of Calcium/NFAT Signaling Reveals a Left-Right Determination Disorder in the Pharyngeal Arch Artery
Authors: Miyachi Yukihisa
Published: March 2013

An immunosuppressant was injected into pregnant mice in order to investigate whether the immune response is involved in differentiation during embryonic development. Injection of 3 mg/kg of FK506, an inhibitor of calcineurin, early in the organogenesis period increased the penetrance of right aortic arch formation by 32% compared with saline injection. Immunosuppressants such as FTY720 and rapamycin did not affect left/right (L/R) determination. FK506 is known to work by restricting NFAT (nuclear factor activated T-cell) dephosphorylation. An L/R determination disorder in cardiac outflows appeared when an NFATc4 siRNA was directly injected into the amniotic fluid. As for the mechanism, Pitx2, which is normally expressed on the left-hand side, was found to be expressed also on the right-hand side. Furthermore, it turned out that administration of FK506 also prevented the dephosphorylation of NSFL1 cofactor p47. When an siRNA targeting p47 was introduced into the amniotic fluid of FK506-treated fetuses, both of the dorsal arteries—which should normally become one—remained. These findings indicate that the mother's immune system contributes not only to self defense, but also to remodeling processes in fetal morphogenesis.
Analysis of Stability of Traveling Wave for Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation
Authors: Liu Jun , Liu Xi , Mu Gui , Zhu Chunyan , Fu Jie
Published: March 2013

This paper presents the boundedness and uniform boundedness of traveling wave solutions for the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. They are discussed by means of a traveling wave transformation and Lyapunov function.
Using Open-Source Components to Process Interferometric TerraSAR-X Spotlight Data
Authors: Jendryke Michael , Balz Timo , Jiang Houjun , Liao Mingsheng , Stilla Uwe
Published: March 2013

We address the processing of interferometric TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X spotlight data. Processing steps necessary to derive interferograms at high spatial resolution from bi- and monostatic satellite images will be explained. The spotlight image mode is a beam steering technique focusing the antenna on a specific ground area. This results in a linear Doppler shift frequency in azimuth direction, which has to be matched to the master image. While shifting the interpolation kernel in azimuth during resampling, the frequency spectrum of the slave image is aligned to the master image. We show how to process bistatic TanDEM-X images and propose an integrated processing option for monostatic TerraSAR-X data in the Delft Object-oriented Radar Interferometric Software (DORIS). The paper focuses on the implementation of this algorithm for high-resolution spotlight InSAR in a public domain tool; hence, it becomes available to a larger research community. The results are presented for three test areas: Uluru in Australia, Las Vegas in the USA, and Lüneburg in Germany.
Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Ulva prolifera and Ulva linza to Cadmium Stress
Authors: Jiang He-ping , Gao Bing-bing , Li Wen-hui , Zhu Ming , Zheng Chun-fang , Zheng Qing-song , Wang Chang-hai
Published: March 2013

Responses of Ulva prolifera and Ulva linza to Cd2+ stress were studied. We found that the relative growth rate (RGR), Fv/Fm, and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Yield) of two Ulvaspecies were decreased under Cd2+ treatments, and these reductions were greater in U. prolifera than in U. linza. U. prolifera accumulated more cadmium than U. linza under Cd2+ stress. While U. linza showed positive osmotic adjustment ability (OAA) at a wider Cd2+ range than U. prolifera. U. linza had greater contents of N, P, Na+, K+, and amino acids than U. prolifera. A range of parameters (concentrations of cadmium, Ca2+, N, P, K+, Cl−, free amino acids (FAAs), proline, organic acids and soluble protein, Fv/Fm, Yield, OAA, and K+/Na+) could be used to evaluate cadmium resistance in Ulva by correlation analysis. In accordance with the order of the absolute values of correlation coefficient, contents of Cd2+ and K+, Yield, proline content, Fv/Fm, FAA content, and OAA value of Ulva were more highly related to their adaptation to Cd2+ than the other eight indices. Thus, U. linza has a better adaptation to Cd2+ than U. prolifera, which was due mainly to higher nutrient content and stronger OAA and photosynthesis in U. linza.
Numerical Studies on Natural Convection Heat Losses from Open Cubical Cavities
Authors: Prakash M.
Published: March 2013

The natural convection heat losses occurring from cubical open cavities are analysed in this paper. Open cubical cavities of sides 0.1 m, 0.2 m, 0.25 m, 0.5 m, and 1 m with constant temperature back wall boundary conditions and opening ratio of 1 are studied. The Fluent CFD software is used to analyse the three-dimensional (3D) cavity models. The studies are carried out for cavities with back wall temperatures between 35°C and 100°C. The effect of cavity inclination on the convective loss is analysed for angles of 0° (cavity facing sideways), 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° (cavity facing vertically downwards). The Rayleigh numbers involved in this study range between 4.5 × 105and 1.5 × 109. The natural convection loss is found to increase with an increase in back wall temperature. The natural convection loss is observed to decrease with an increase in cavity inclination; the highest convective loss being at 0° and the lowest at 90° inclination. This is observed for all cavities analysed here. Nusselt number correlations involving the effect of Rayleigh number and the cavity inclination angle have been developed from the current studies. These correlations can be used for engineering applications such as electronic cooling, low- and medium-temperature solar thermal systems, passive architecture, and also refrigeration systems.
Reliability of the Electromechanical Delay Components Assessment during the Relaxation Phase
Authors: Cè Emiliano , Rampichini Susanna , Limonta Eloisa , Esposito Fabio
Published: March 2013

The study aimed to assess by an electromyographic (EMG), mechanomyographic (MMG), and force-combined approach the electrochemical and mechanical components of the overall electromechanical delay during relaxation (R-EMD). Reliability of the measurements was also assessed. To this purpose, supramaximal tetanic stimulations (50 Hz) were delivered to the gastrocnemius medialis muscle of 17 participants. During stimulations, the EMG, MMG, and force signals were detected, and the time lag between EMG cessation and the beginning of force decay (Δt EMG-F, as temporal indicators of the electrochemical events) and from the initial force decrease to the largest negative peak of MMG signal during relaxation (Δt F-MMG, as temporal indicators of the mechanical events) was calculated, together with overall R-EMD duration (from EMG cessation to the largest MMG negative peak during relaxation). Peak force (pF), half relaxation time (HRT), and MMG peak-to-peak during the relaxation phase (R-MMG p-p) were also calculated. Test-retest reliability was assessed by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). With a total R-EMD duration of 96.9 ± 1.9 ms, Δt EMG-F contributed for about 24% (23.4 ± 2.7 ms) while Δt F-MMG for about 76% (73.5 ± 3.2 ms). Reliability of the measurements was high for all variables. Our findings show that the main contributor to R-EMD is represented by the mechanical components (series elastic components and muscle fibres behaviour), with a high reliability level for this type of approach.
The Processing Design of Jute Spun Yarn/PLA Braided Composite by Pultrusion Molding
Authors: Memon Anin , Nakai Asami
Published: March 2013

Prevalently, the light has been shed on the green composite from the viewpoint of environmental protection. Jute fibers are natural fibers superior due to light weight, low cost, and being environmentally friendly corresponding to the green composite materials. Meticulously, fibers of polylactic acid (PLA) thermoplastic biopolymer were used as the resin fibers. In this study, the fabrication of tubular jute spun yarn/PLA braided composite by pultrusion molding was presented. The intermediate materials were prepared by commingled technique. The braiding technique manufactured preform which had jute fiber diagonally oriented at certain angles with the glass fiber inserted into the braiding yarns along the longitudinal direction. The braided preforms were pulled through a heated die where the consolidation flow took place due to reduced matrix viscosity and pressure. The pultrusion experiments were done with jute/PLA commingled yarns and combined with glass fiber yarns to fabricate the tubular composite. Impregnation quality was evaluated by microscope observation of the pultruded cross-sections. The flexural mechanical properties of the pultruded were measured by four-point bending test.
In Silico Prediction of Interactions between Site II on Human Serum Albumin and Profen Drugs
Authors: Isogai Hideto , Hirayama Noriaki
Published: March 2013

Since binding of a drug molecule to human serum albumin (HSA) significantly affects the pharmacokinetics of the drug, it is highly desirable to predict the binding affinity of the drug. Profen drugs are a widely used class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and it has been reported that several members of the profen class specifically bind to one of the main binding sites named site II. The actual binding mode of only ibuprofen has been directly confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Therefore, it is of interest whether other profen drugs are site II binders. Docking simulations using multiple template structures of HSA from three crystal structures of complexes between drugs and HSA have demonstrated that most of the currently available profen drugs should be site II binders.
Existence of Standing Waves for a Generalized Davey-Stewartson System
Authors: Hu Xiaoxiao , Zhou Xiao-xun , Tunhua Wu , Yang Min-Bo
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence of standing waves for a generalized Davey-Stewartson system. By reducing the system to a single Schrödinger equation problem, we are able to establish some existence results for the system by variational methods.
Optimization and Coordination of HAFDV PINN Control by Improved PSO
Authors: Huang Bin , Tai Nengling , Huang Wentao
Published: March 2013

The new hybrid active filter (HAF) is composed of the larger-capacity passive filter banks and the smaller-capacity active filter. It is difficult to tune the parameters of a PI controller using the DC capacitor voltage control. In this paper, the improved particle swarm optimization (improved PSO) algorithm is proposed to solve the coordinated design problem, and the neural network weights as the particle swarm optimization are adopted to optimize the system parameters. Comparing with the conventional PI controller, the results of PINN controller prove the effectiveness of designed method on both the transient and steady-state performance of the hybrid active filter DC bus voltage (HAFDV) controllers.
Stability and Bifurcation Analysis for a Delay Differential Equation of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Yang Xinchao , Zong Xiju , Cheng Xingong , Han Zhenlai
Published: March 2013

The stability and bifurcation analysis for a delay differential equation of hepatitis B virus infection is investigated. We show the existence of nonnegative equilibria under some appropriated conditions. The existence of the Hopf bifurcation with delayτat the endemic equilibria is established by analyzing the distribution of the characteristic values. The explicit formulae which determine the direction of the bifurcations, stability, and the other properties of the bifurcating periodic solutions are given by using the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem. Numerical simulation verifies the theoretical results.
A Schistosomiasis Model with Praziquantel Resistance
Authors: Qi Longxing , Cui Jing-an
Published: March 2013

A compartmental model is established for schistosomiasis with praziquantel resistance. The model considers the impact of genetic resistance and drug treatment on the transmission of schistosomiasis. We calculate the basic reproductive number and discuss the existence and stability of disease-free equilibrium, boundary equilibrium, and coexistence equilibrium. Our analysis shows that regardless of whether drug treatment leads to the emergence of resistance, once the impact of genetic resistance is larger, the resistant strain will be dominant, which is detrimental to the control of schistosomiasis. In addition, once the proportion of human with drug-resistant strain produced by drug treatment is larger, the number of human and snails with resistant strain is larger. This is not a good result for drug treatment with praziquantel.
Starlikeness and Convexity of Generalized Struve Functions
Authors: Yagmur Nihat , Orhan Halit
Published: March 2013

We give sufficient conditions for the parameters of the normalized form of the generalized Struve functions to be convex and starlike in the open unit disk.
Gene Variants in Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis and Cutaneous Melanoma Progression
Authors: Park Jong Y. , Amankwah Ernest K. , Anic Gabriella M. , Lin Hui-Yi , Walls Brooke , Park Hyun , Krebs Kevin , Madden Melissa , Maddox Kristen , Marzban Suroosh , Fang Shenying , Chen Wei , Lee Jeffrey E. , Wei Qingyi , Amos Christopher I. , Messina Jane L. , Sondak Vernon K. , Sellers Thomas A. , Egan Kathleen M.
Published: March 2013

Background: Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are important in the progression of melanoma. We investigated associations between genetic variants in these pathways with sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis and mortality in 2 independent series of patients with melanoma.

Methods: Participants at Moffitt Cancer Center were 552 patients, all Caucasian, with primary cutaneous melanoma referred for SLN biopsy. A total of 177 patients had SLN metastasis, among whom 60 died from melanoma. Associations between 238 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 26 genes and SLN metastasis were estimated as ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression. Competing risk regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% CI for each SNP and melanoma-specific mortality. We attempted to replicate significant findings using data from a genome-wide association study comprising 1,115 patients with melanoma who were referred for SLN biopsy from MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), among whom 189 patients had SLN metastasis and 92 patients died from melanoma.

Results: In the Moffitt dataset, we observed significant associations in 18 SNPs with SLN metastasis and 17 SNPs with mortality. Multiple SNPs in COL18A1, EGF receptor (EGFR), FLT1, interleukin (IL)-10, platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGFD), PIK3CA, and toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 were associated with the risk of SLN metastasis and/or patient mortality. The MDACC data set replicated an association between mortality and rs2220377 in PDGFD. Furthermore, in a meta-analysis, 3 additional SNPs were significantly associated with SLN metastasis (EGFR rs723526 and TLR3 rs3775292) and melanoma-specific death (TLR3 rs7668666).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that genetic variation in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis contributes to regional nodal metastasis and progression of melanoma.

Impact: Additional research attempting to replicate these results is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(5); 827–34. ©2013 AACR.
Adherence to the WCRF/AICR Guidelines for Cancer Prevention Is Associated with Lower Mortality among Older Female Cancer Survivors
Authors: Inoue-Choi Maki , Robien Kim , Lazovich DeAnn
Published: March 2013

Background: The 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) guidelines encourage cancer survivors to follow its cancer prevention recommendations. We evaluated whether adherence to the WCRF/AICR guidelines for cancer prevention was associated with lower mortality among older female cancer survivors.

Methods: From 2004 to 2009, 2,017 participants in the Iowa Women's Health Study who had a confirmed cancer diagnosis (1986–2002) and completed the 2004 follow-up questionnaire were followed. Adherence scores for the WCRF/AICR guidelines for body weight, physical activity, and diet were computed assigning one, 0.5 or 0 points to each of eight recommendations depending on the degree of adherence. All-cause (n = 461), cancer-specific (n = 184), and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality (n = 145) were compared by the total adherence score and by adherence scores for each of the three components of the recommendations.

Results: Women with the highest (6–8) versus lowest (0–4) adherence score had lower all-cause mortality [HR = 0.67; 95% confidence of interval (CI), 0.50–0.94]. Meeting the physical activity recommendation was associated with lower all-cause (Ptrend < 0.0001), cancer-specific (Ptrend = 0.04), and CVD-specific mortality (Ptrend = 0.03). Adherence to dietary recommendations was associated with lower all-cause mortality (Ptrend < 0.05), whereas adherence to the body weight recommendation was associated with higher all-cause mortality (Ptrend = 0.009).

Conclusions: Adherence to the WCRF/AICR guidelines was associated with lower all-cause mortality among older female cancer survivors. Adherence to the physical activity recommendation had the strongest association with lower all-cause and disease-specific mortality.

Impact: Older cancer survivors may decrease their risk of death by leading a healthy lifestyle after a cancer diagnosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(5); 792–802. ©2013 AACR.
Salvage 125I Seed Implantation for Prostate Cancer with Postradiation Local Recurrence
Authors: Shimbo Masaki , Inoue Koichi , Koike Yusuke , Katano Susumu , Kawashima Kiyotaka
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Although radiotherapy has been important in the therapy for localized prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen failure may occur. This study evaluated the effects and side effects of 125I low-dose-rate brachytherapy for patients with postradiation local failure. Patients and Methods: 15 patients who received salvage brachytherapy were analyzed. A prescribed dose of 144 Gy was selected. Median follow-up calculated from the date of salvage brachytherapy was 33.0 months (range 6-51). Results: 5 patients (33.3%) developed prostate-specific antigen failure. The biochemical relapse-free survival rate was 100% at 1 year, 91.7% at 2 years, and 60.2% at 3 years. All acute genitourinary and gastrointestinal adverse events were in grade 1-2 according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3. As for late adverse events, 1 patient (6.7%) developed grade 3 hematuria at 17 months postsalvage. Conclusions: Although careful patient selection is needed, salvage 125I prostate brachytherapy appears to provide good prostate cancer control with an acceptable rate of complications for patients with local recurrence of prostate cancer after initial radiotherapy.
Release of the Inferior Vena Cava Ligament during Caval Thrombectomy Causing Tumor Thrombus Embolization
Authors: Joshi Shivam , Gorin Michael A. , Ciancio Gaetano
Published: March 2013

Intraoperative tumor embolization is a rare complication during the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus of the inferior vena cava (IVC). We present a case of pulmonary tumor embolism which occurred during liver mobilization immediately following division of the IVC ligament. We hypothesize that this patient's IVC ligament acted as an external barrier to propagation of the tumor thrombus and that its release caused the tumor to rapidly expand leading to embolization. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pulmonary tumor embolism occurring immediately following division of the IVC ligament.
Mussel Shell Impaction in the Esophagus
Authors: Kim Sunmin , Kim Hyung Hun , Jang Gook Hwan , Song Jun Young
Published: March 2013

Mussels are commonly used in cooking around the world. The mussel shell breaks more easily than other shells, and the edge of the broken mussel shell is sharp. Impaction can ultimately cause erosion, perforation and fistula. Aside from these complications, the pain can be very intense. Therefore, it is essential to verify and remove the shell as soon as possible. In this report we describe the process of diagnosing and treating mussel shell impaction in the esophagus. Physicians can overlook this unusual foreign body impaction due to lack of experience. When physicians encounter a patient with severe chest pain after a meal with mussels, mussel shell impaction should be considered when diagnosing and treating the patient.
Endovascular Stroke Therapy
Authors: Kellert Lars , Hametner Christian , Rohde Stefan , Bendszus Martin , Hacke Werner , Ringleb Peter , Stampfl Sibylle
Published: March 2013

Background and Purpose—

To investigate the relationship between severe bleeding complications and outcome after mechanical thrombectomy with or without glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban treatment.

Methods—

The study included prospectively collected data of consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke in whom mechanical thrombectomy was perfomed in the years 2006 to 2011.

Results—

Of 162 patients, 128 patients had anterior circulation stroke, and 34 patients had posterior circulation stroke. Additional treatment with tirofiban was given to 30 of 128 patients with anterior circulation stroke and to 20 of 34 patients with posterior circulation stroke. Treatment with tirofiban did not influence recanalization rates. Fatal intracerebral hemorrhage occurred more frequently in tirofiban-treated patients in the entire cohort (12.0% vs 2.7%;
P
=0.03) and in tirofiban-treated patients with anterior circulation stroke (13.3% vs 3.1%;
P
=0.05). Logistic regression found age (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.37;
P
=0.05) and tirofiban treatment (odds ratio, 3.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.50–4.05;
P
=0.04) to be independent predictors for fatal intracerebral hemorrhage. Tirofiban treatment was also an independent predictor for poor outcome (odds ratio, 6.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–41.52;
P
=0.04) in addition to National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.17;
P
=0.05).

Conclusions—

In endovascular stroke therapy, additional treatment with the glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban is associated with increased risk of fatal intracerebral hemorrhage and poor outcome.
Increased Corticospinal Tract Fractional Anisotropy Can Discriminate Stroke Onset Within the First 4.5 Hours
Authors: Puig Josep , Blasco Gerard , Daunis-I-Estadella Josep , Thomalla Götz , Castellanos Mar , Soria Guadalupe , Prats-Galino Alberto , Sánchez-González Javier , Boada Imma , Serena Joaquín , Pedraza Salvador
Published: March 2013

Background and Purpose—

The role of diffusion tensor imaging in determining stroke age remains unclear. We tested the ability of diffusion tensor imaging metrics to discriminate ischemic stroke <4.5 hours of onset.

Methods—

We enrolled 60 consecutive patients for multimodal 1.5 T MRI within 12 hours of middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke onset. We measured fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and T2-weighted signal intensity in affected ipsilateral and unaffected contralateral deep gray matter, cortical gray matter, deep white matter in the corticospinal tract (CST), and subcortical white matter and calculated ipsilateral-to-contralateral ratios (r). Hyperintensity in infarcted tissue was considered fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-positive.

Results—

We analyzed the 48 patients (17 women; mean age, 68±14 years) with known onset. In 25 (52.1%) patients, onset was ≤4.5 hours (mean, 182.3±65.6 minutes). Variables differing significantly between infarcts <4.5 hours and >4.5 hours were rFA CST (
P
=0.001), rMD cortical gray matter (
P
=0.036), rADC cortical gray matter (
P
=0.009), rT2 CST (
P
=0.006), and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (
P
<0.001). rFA at CST was the most reliable to discriminate infarcts <4.5 hours (Goodman-Kruskal=0.76). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for infarct <4.5 hours of onset by rFA at CST >0.970 were 93.8%, 84.6%, 88.2%, and 91.7%, respectively.

Conclusions—

These preliminary results suggest rFA at CST may be a surrogate marker of acute stroke age.
Heavenly Matter in Aristotle, Metaphysics Lambda 2
Authors: Fazzo Silvia
Published: March 2013

Abstract

This paper emphasizes an unnoticed connection between two lines in Aristotle, Metaphysics Λ.1, 1069a32, and Λ.2, 1069b26. It argues that the Greek text of the former has been obscured in standard editions by unnecessary emendation: if the reading of the mss. is preserved, the text here sets out a programme for research into the elements of heavenly bodies which is taken up in the second part of Λ.2. There, Aristotle distinguishes the matter of heavenly substance as if it were matter in a certain sense only, and not sensu stricto: the only change it underlies is coming-to-be ποθέν ποι, ‘from one place to another’ (not from privation to form, the standard case). In Θ.8 as well, this is what allows Aristotle to deny that eternal things can have matter (strictly speaking) as an element of their substance. The reading argued for here may also explain how Aristotle can claim, by the end of Lambda, that he has succeeded in responding to an important aporia which (he says) was neglected by predecessors, namely ‘why some things are corruptible and other incorruptible’ (Metaphysics B, Aporia 10).
Kuhnian Consensus & Historiography
Authors: Timmins Adam
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Thomas Kuhn’s conception of paradigms has proved tremendously popular with the social sciences, in spite of the fact that Kuhn himself stopped using the concept by the time of his death; and the idea has come in for some fairly harsh treatment by philosophers of science. In this article I examine the historiography of the Second World War, paying specific attention to internal and external mechanisms of maintaining consensus – or lack therefore – within the field to see if anything like paradigms can be said to exist in historical writing.
A Multimodel Assessment of Future Projections of North Atlantic and European Extratropical Cyclones in the CMIP5 Climate Models*
Authors: Zappa Giuseppe , Shaffrey Len C. , Hodges Kevin I. , Sansom Phil G. , Stephenson David B.
Published: March 2013

The response of North Atlantic and European extratropical cyclones to climate change is investigated in the climate models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). In contrast to previous multimodel studies, a feature-tracking algorithm is here applied to separately quantify the responses in the number, the wind intensity, and the precipitation intensity of extratropical cyclones. Moreover, a statistical framework is employed to formally assess the uncertainties in the multimodel projections. Under the midrange representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5) emission scenario, the December–February (DJF) response is characterized by a tripolar pattern over Europe, with an increase in the number of cyclones in central Europe and a decreased number in the Norwegian and Mediterranean Seas. The June–August (JJA) response is characterized by a reduction in the number of North Atlantic cyclones along the southern flank of the storm track. The total number of cyclones decreases in both DJF (−4%) and JJA (−2%). Classifying cyclones according to their intensity indicates a slight basinwide reduction in the number of cyclones associated with strong winds, but an increase in those associated with strong precipitation. However, in DJF, a slight increase in the number and intensity of cyclones associated with strong wind speeds is found over the United Kingdom and central Europe. The results are confirmed under the high-emission RCP8.5 scenario, where the signals tend to be larger. The sources of uncertainty in these projections are discussed.
Organizing to counter terrorism: Sensemaking amidst dynamic complexity
Authors: Colville Ian , Pye Annie , Carter Mike
Published: March 2013

Organizations increasingly find themselves contending with circumstances that are suffused with dynamic complexity. So how do they make sense of and contend with this? Using a sensemaking approach, our empirical case analysis of the shooting of Mr Jean Charles de Menezes shows how sensemaking is tested under such conditions. Through elaborating the relationship between the concepts of frames and cues, we find that the introduction of a new organizational routine to anticipate action in changing circumstances leads to discrepant sensemaking. This reveals how novel routines do not necessarily replace extant ones but, instead, overlay each other and give rise to novel, dissonant identities which in turn can lead to an increase rather than a reduction in equivocality. This has important implications for sensemaking and organizing amidst unprecedented circumstances.
Psychological Resources of Adults With Developmental Dyslexia
Authors: Łockiewicz Marta , Bogdanowicz Katarzyna M. , Bogdanowicz Marta
Published: March 2013

The aim of our study was to describe specific psychological resources of adults with developmental dyslexia and compare them with psychological resources of adults without developmental dyslexia. Potential differences were analyzed in visual-spatial, creative, and motivational abilities. No evidence was found for either creative, or visuospatial superiority in adults with developmental dyslexia. The results suggest, however, that visual-spatial processing of nonverbal material by adults with developmental dyslexia allows them to efficiently execute tasks that are based on sequential material. Moreover, the participants with specific difficulties in reading and writing exhibited a significantly higher level of aspirations than their peers without such difficulties with a comparable level of educational achievement. These results suggest that succeeding in different fields by highly functioning adult dyslexics may depend on personality and motivational factors, rather than cognitive factors.
Career Influences of Music Education Audition Candidates
Authors: Rickels David A. , Brewer Wesley D. , Councill Kimberly H. , Fredrickson William E. , Hairston Michelle , Perry David L. , Porter Ann M. , Schmidt Margaret
Published: March 2013

In this descriptive study, we examined the influences and experiences motivating students to enter college-level music schools as reported by a population of precollegiate students auditioning (but not yet accepted) to music education degree programs. As a follow-up to a published pilot study, this research was designed to quantify the various experiences respondents had as part of their precollege school and community programs that related to teaching and music. Results indicate a strong connection between respondents’ primary musical background and future teaching interest. The top three influential experiences were related to high school ensemble membership (band, choir, orchestra), and the most influential group of individuals in the decision to become a music educator were high school ensemble directors. Respondents from all four primary background groups (band, choir, orchestra, and general or other) rated private lesson teaching as their second strongest future teaching interest, just behind teaching at the high school level in their primary background. Respondents rated parents as moderately influential on their desire to become a music teacher.
Improvisation
Authors: Beckstead David
Published: March 2013

This article explores and contextualizes improvisation in music from an educational perspective. First, recent brain research that sees improvisation as a distinct cognitive activity is examined and used to illustrate the importance and uniqueness of this often ignored area of music learning. Next, the implications for the music classroom are explored in light of the brain research findings as well as the common misconceptions associated with improvisation in music classrooms. Finally, some overarching principles to help guide the teaching of improvisation in any music classroom are offered.