bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moodscope: performance musical para o cinema silencioso em um ambiente de cocriação adaptativa
Authors: Hebling Eduardo , Manzolli Jônatas
Published: December 2024

Apesar do conhecimento das coletâneas de sugestões musicais do cinema silencioso, pouco se sabe de como os músicos realmente interpretavam esse repertório. Realizamos uma recontextualização histórica e uma análise de conteúdo na literatura técnico-didática da época, que revelou o papel central dos músicos na autogestão dessa nova forma de arte. Ao colocar o músico no centro da investigação, criamos Moodscope, um laboratório artístico concebido para explorar as possíveis atualizações dessa performance por meio da improvisação musical. Emulando o ambiente histórico dos nickelodeon (entre 1909 e 1915), pudemos focalizar os aspectos de adaptação e improvisação dos músicos, usando Moodscope como um hiperinstrumento engendrador de encontros entre músicos, arquivos de filmes e partituras, ambiências sonoras e o público. Neste artigo, apresentamos sua arquitetura e relatamos e analisamos duas performances públicas realizadas no âmbito do laboratório. Examinamos os resultados que destacam: 1) a viabilidade de estudar essa performance histórica por meio de uma performance atual; 2) o potencial da análise de conteúdo aplicada aos vídeos dessas performances para produzir insights valiosos; 3) a perspectiva de uso do laboratório para divulgação científica, atividades culturais e ferramenta educacional no domínio da música para cinema e nos estudos audiovisuais.
The role of cancer cell-released extracellular vesicles: have we become closer to cancer pain treatment?
Authors: Khasabova Iryna A. , Khasabov Sergey G. , Simone Donald A.
Published: December 2024

The effective management of cancer pain continues to be a challenge because of our limited understanding of cancer pain mechanisms and, in particular, how cancer cells interact with neurons to produce pain. In a study published in Pain , Inyang et al. used a mouse model of human papillomavirus (HPV1)-induced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma to show a role for cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (cancer sEVs) in cancer pain. They found that inhibiting the release of sEVs reduced spontaneous and evoked pain behaviors, and that pain produced by sEVs is due to activation of TRPV1 channels. An innovative approach was the use of publicly available human RNA-sequencing data from unstimulated cultured human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) that were exposed to human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)-derived sEVs to identify signaling pathways involved in the nascent translation associated with nociception. These studies further our understanding of functional interactions between cancer cells and neurons, and suggest an approach to identify novel targets for the treatment of cancer pain.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease throughout the liver transplant cycle: a comprehensive review
Authors: Wentworth Brian J.
Published: December 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing in global prevalence and becoming a leading indication for liver transplantation (LT). The management of MASLD has been well-studied in the pre-LT setting, and we are entering into a golden era of pharmacologic options designed to resolve steatohepatitis and reverse fibrosis. However, the implications of MASLD on organ allocation, risk of post-LT recurrence, and optimal post-LT management remain topics of ongoing investigation. One such unique challenge is the growing necessity to use steatotic organs to address the shortage of available organs for all waitlisted patients, while ensuring acceptable outcomes through careful case selection. Additionally, how best to screen, diagnose, and manage post-LT graft steatosis remains an ongoing topic of debate, given the high rates of recurrence or de novo occurrence in patients transplanted for non-MASLD-related etiologies of liver disease. This comprehensive review explores the impact of MASLD across the disease continuum, given it is a chronic illness with a complex pathophysiology and is influenced by other comorbidities and certain medications.
IT TERMINOLOGY: TRANSLATION CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Cherneha Daria , Turysheva Oksana , Dzykovych Olha
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of studying professional terminology in the field of information technology from the translation aspect. The article is theoretical in nature and is a prerequisite for conducting a comprehensive empirical study with a projection onto the terminological units of the IT sublanguage. Given the rapid development of technology, translators face a number of difficulties, including the difficulty in finding equivalents for new terminological units, the potential ambiguity of terms within the same terminology, the specifics of translating abbreviations and acronyms, taking into account the stylistic features of professional jargon, etc. The main purpose of the study is to identify and comprehensively analyse the key challenges in translating IT terminology into Ukrainian, as well as to propose ways to overcome them, taking into account linguistic, technical and cultural aspects. The publication outlines the range of problematic issues related to translation within the IT sublanguage and suggests possible ways to solve them. In this context, several examples of translation solutions selected from the English, German, and Ukrainian interfaces of OmegaT and LibreOffice were also presented. To overcome the challenges described in this paper, a comprehensive approach is needed. The need to standardise terminology through the creation of a terminology base containing translations, definitions, examples of use and other important information to improve the quality of technical translation is emphasised.
CHALLENGES OF TRANSLATING CUSTOMS DOCUMENTATION: ISSUES AND APPROACHES
Authors: Polycheva Yuliia , Nastenko Viktoriia
Published: December 2024

The article focuses on the study of the peculiarities of translating English customs terminology into Ukrainian. The analysis and review of relevant literature were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges associated with the transmission of specialized terms, particularly polysemantic and non-equivalent terms, in customs documentation. The study is motivated by the importance of ensuring translation accuracy for international trade and the insufficient coverage of this topic in linguistic research. The research material includes customs documents, international agreements, and standards used in global practice. The theoretical foundation is based on the works of specialists in translation studies and terminology, such as V. Karaban, I. Korunets, S. Maksymov, O. Selivanova, N. Khaidari, among others.
The article summarizes and systematizes existing approaches to the problem of translating customs terminology and examines the main difficulties translators face when working with polysemantic terms, abbreviations, and terms lacking direct equivalents in Ukrainian. Specifically, methods such as calquing, descriptive translation, and adaptation are considered the most effective for this category of terms. The study reveals that the use of traditional translation methods in conveying customs terminology is essential for achieving accuracy and contextual alignment with the original documents. However, certain terms require additional adaptation due to differences in the legal and cultural systems of the countries.
EUPHEMISMS IN MASS MEDIA DISCOURSE: THE USA ELECTIONS 2024
Authors: Nazarenko Olena , Kozel Yana
Published: December 2024

Given the global desire of the society to promote tolerance and equality in terms of age, gender, religion, nationality, and social status, nowadays the prevalence of euphemisms has noticeably increased. Euphemisms serve as a tool to soften a harsh, offensive or unpleasant expression in order to prevent any potential conflicts, offence or discomfort when dealing with sensitive and controversial topics regarding various aspects of social life. Moreover, the use of euphemistic language instead of harsh phrases with negative emotional connotations reflects a collective effort to understand complex social patterns while maintaining mutual respect and sensitivity. It can also be seen as an essential trait of human communication that demonstrates the cultural and historical changes in society. The phenomenon of euphemism is a remarkable feature in the English-language mass media discourse. For the past decades, as the Internet and television have significantly evolved, media is widely considered to play a vital role in influencing public opinion, regarding political sphere in particular. It is set to be a crucial factor in the country's political process and all its manifestations, such as coverage of global political events, influence on election campaigns and electorate as well as the final election outcome. The use of euphemisms, in turn, is believed to be one of the key mechanisms in such influencing process created by media. Euphemisms enable media imperceptibly impact the way the public responds to political processes, events, and how it perceives certain representatives of the political world. The article outlines the issues related to the term “euphemism”, its’ definition and the role of the considered linguistic unit in modern mass media discourse. Based on articles about 2024 Unted States elections, the study analyzes the strategies of formation of euphemistic units in the English-language mass-media discourse and how it influences reader’s perception of the text.
THE ROLE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING IN FOSTERING GLOBAL COMPETENCE IN THE US HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Anoshkova Tetiana
Published: December 2024

The paper examines the critical role of foreign language education in fostering global competence among undergraduate students in the United States. Despite public recognition of the importance of foreign language skills, the U.S. has historically lagged behind other nations, particularly European countries, in foreign language proficiency. The research contextualizes this issue within the evolution of educational policies and practices, analyzing the relationship between language learning and global competence. Through a synthesis of education documentation, theoretical analysis, and a review of general education requirements from 12 U.S. higher education institutions, the study highlights the integral role of foreign language courses in undergraduate curricula. These institutions, selected for their geographic, institutional, and funding diversity, universally emphasize language learning as a core component of global education. Foreign language courses not only develop linguistic proficiency but also foster intercultural understanding, broaden worldviews, and equip students with critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The study draws on significant reports to underscore the importance of foreign language education in global competence development. The findings reveal that U.S. higher education institutions include foreign language requirements in their curricula to promote cultural awareness and prepare students for global challenges. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that foreign language education is pivotal for developing globally conscious students capable of engaging as responsible citizens and professionals in a multicultural world. Thus, foreign language skills contribute significantly to developing tolerance, broadening perspectives, and cultivating global citizenship.
Method of horizontal pod scaling in Kubernetes to omit overregulation
Authors: Rolik Oleksandr , Volkov Volodymyr
Published: December 2024

This paper describes the method of omitting the over-regulation effect that occurs under certain conditions by horizontal pod autoscaling microservices in the container application orchestration system Kubernetes. The effect was initially observed only for long-term HTTP WebSocket sessions, where it led to excessive use of computing resources, which reduced the efficiency of IT infrastructure management, and caused service failure. It was found that the overregulation effect is reproduced not only for connections with long-term HTTP sessions, such as HTTP WebSocket, but also for shorter-term REST HTTP sessions in case of increased delay in the metric collection cycle used for horizontal pod autoscaling. It is assumed that this effect happens due to the approach of implementing horizontal scaling controllers similar to the principles of proportional regulators in systems with negative feedback from the theory of automation and control. It is proposed to extend one of the methods used for optimizing the proportional controller to the problem consisting of reducing the time delay between scaling metrics collecting and upscale applied by the controller in Kubernetes. The applied method demonstrated its effectiveness, therefore, within the same methodology, an experiment was conducted on using the proportional-integral-differential controller for automatic horizontal scaling of pods. The results obtained showed why the proportional-integral-differential controller is not widespread among the overviewed Kubernetes solutions for horizontal automatic scaling. An assumption was made about the limitations of studying the downscaling process in Kubernetes due to the need to consider the quality of service when stopping pods and the need to collect indicator metrics using quality-of-service object management tools such as ISTIO.
Neuroprotective effects of kudzu root extract alone and in combination with maqui berry extract in streptozotocin-induced neuropathic pain
Authors: Shewale Chetana , Upaganlawar Aman , Deoda Prithviraj , Ingale Sakshi , Mahajan Manoj , Upasani Chandrashekhar
Published: December 2024

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) characterized by neuropathic pain due to persistent hyperglycemia. Recent studies have shown that phytochemicals’ antioxidant capabilities can reduce oxidative stress associated with diabetic neuropathy. Although phytochemicals with high antioxidant capacity have been discovered, this study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of a combination of kudzu root extract (KRE) and maqui berry extract (MBE). We evaluated the neuroprotective effects of kudzu root extract and maqui berry extract on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN in rats. Male Wistar rats (180–250 g) were divided into eight groups (n = 6), with DN induced via a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg). Behavioral parameters (mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and mechanical hyperalgesia) and biochemical parameters (blood glucose, serum markers, antioxidant levels, and ATPase activity) were assessed. Rats were treated with KRE (50 and 100 mg/kg) and MBE (50 and 100 mg/kg) alone and in combination for two weeks. The results showed that treatment with KRE and MBE significantly reduced blood glucose levels and increased body weight compared to diabetic controls. Paw withdrawal latency improved in treated groups, indicating reduced neuropathic pain. Biochemical analysis revealed increased levels of antioxidants (GSH, CAT, and SOD) and ATPase activity, with decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the treatment groups. These findings suggest that KRE and MBE exhibit significant neuroprotective effects in STZ-induced DN due to their strong antioxidant properties. Further molecular studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying their neuroprotective effects.
Dirac Fermion of a Monopole Pair (MP) Model of 4D Space-Time and Its Wider Implications
Authors: Yuguru Samuel
Published: December 2024

In quantum mechanics (QM), the electron of spin-charge, ±1/2 in probabilistic distribution about a nucleus of an atom is described by non-relativistic Schrödinger wave equation. Its transformation to Dirac fermion of a complex four-component spinor is incorporated into relativistic quantum field theory (QFT) based on Dirac theory. The link between QM and QFT on the basis of space-time structure remains lacking without the development of a proper, complete theory of quantum gravity. In this study, how a proposed MP model of 4D space-time mimicking hydrogen atom type is able to combine both QM and QFT into a proper perspective is explored. The electron of a point-particle and its transformation to Dirac fermion appears consistent with Dirac belt trick while sustaining unitarity of spin-charge and wave-particle duality with center of mass reference frame relevant to Newtonian gravity assigned to the point-boundary of the spherical model. Such a tool appears dynamic and is compatible with basic aspects of both QM and QFT such as non-relativistic wave function and its collapse, quantized Hamiltonian, Dirac spinors, Weyl spinors, Marjorana fermions and Lorentz transformation. How all these relate to space-time curvature for an elliptical orbit without invoking a framework of space-time fabric is plotted for general relativity and a multiverse of the MP models at a hierarchy of scales is proposed for further investigations.
HCI and Data: Interacting in a New Era of Virtualization
Authors: Durango Iván , Gallud José A. , R. Penichet Victor M.
Published: December 2024

The accelerated pace of technological advancement has precipitated a novel era of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), necessitating ingenious strategies for data administration and user engagement. This research article presents a systematic investigation of the integration between Human-Data Interaction (HDI) and Data Virtualisation (DV), with a primary focus on healthcare applications, supplemented by insights from education and finance sectors. Through comprehensive analysis of existing implementations and literature, we examine how DV technologies can enhance HDI principles while addressing critical challenges in healthcare data management, privacy, and user empowerment. The investigation employs a systematic three-phase approach: (1) a structured literature review analyzing current HDI and DV implementations, (2) in-depth analysis of healthcare sector applications with supporting cases from education and finance, and (3) development of a proposed framework for HDI-DV integration. The study identifies key implementation challenges and success factors in healthcare settings, including technical architecture requirements, workflow integration considerations, and privacy protection mechanisms. The paper proposes a preliminary framework for integrating HDI principles into healthcare DV implementations, providing concrete guidelines for designers and developers while maintaining strict privacy and security requirements. The research makes several key contributions: (1) a systematic analysis of HDI-DV integration in healthcare settings, (2) a proposed framework for human-centered DV implementation, (3) detailed technical implementation guidelines, and (4) identification of critical success factors and barriers. These insights inform the design of more effective, user-centric healthcare data systems, while the supporting analysis provides valuable cross-sector perspectives.
Clinical Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Enhancing Diagnosis, Treatment, and Overall Health Outcomes
Authors: Machado Cruz Tielle
Published: December 2024

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant challenges in communication, behavior, and social interaction. The prevalence of ASD is rising, with current estimates indicating that it affects 1 in 36 children in the United States. Traditional diagnostic methods often fail to capture the full complexity of ASD, leading to incomplete treatment approaches. This study aimed to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to ASD by identifying and categorizing 10 clinical profiles using precision medicine.Methods: This study presents a new stratification model for ASD that classifies individuals based on prevalent comorbidities and underlying biological mechanisms. The model is based on a synthesis of existing literature, clinical observations, and expert insights. Data were collected from detailed clinical evaluations, patient histories, and laboratory tests, and the model was refined through iterative analysis. It integrates findings from genetic, neurological, and psychiatric research to develop a comprehensive approach for diagnosing and treating ASD‐related comorbidities.Results: The study proposes 10 clinical profiles of ASD: syndromic, gastrointestinal, metabolic, mitochondrial, endocrine, bioaccumulative, infectious, immunological, inflammatory, and Neurological. Each profile is associated with specific symptoms and comorbidities influenced by genetic, environmental, and biological factors.Conclusions: The stratification model proposed in this study enhances the diagnosis and treatment of ASD by recognizing its heterogeneity. By identifying specific clinical profiles, healthcare providers can develop personalized and integrated therapeutic strategies to improve the overall health outcomes of individuals with ASD.
Deriving an Explicit Solution for Pythagorean Tetrahedrons: Extending Pythagorean Principles in Spatial Geometry
Authors: Dos Santos Bernardes Marco Aurélio
Published: December 2024

In a foundational study, dos Santos Bernardes 2024 explored how connecting points on a triangle's midsegment to its vertices forms triangles that conform to the Pythagorean theorem in both two- and three-dimensional spaces, unveiling deeper geometric relationships and extending Pythagorean principles to spatial geometry with an implicit solution. Building on this work, I present the derivation of an explicit solution, further elucidating these geometric relationships and enhancing our understanding of their spatial applications.
Changes in Piano Waveforms from the Perspective of Physics and Deep Learning
Authors: Jekal Eunsung , Kim Younju , Park Hyoeun , Ku Juhyun
Published: December 2024

In this study, it was possible to visually check the difference in sound depending on the way the piano key is pressed through the spectrogram. When the keyboard is pressed hard, the high-frequency component is emphasized, and when pressed gently, the low-frequency component is prominent. In addition, it was confirmed that the pattern of the spectrogram varies depending on the playing techniques such as staccato and legato, or whether or not to use the pedal.
We tried to analyze whether the pianist's touch or expressive power could make a difference in the physical wave form, and on the contrary, the pianist was able to accurately infer the connection between the way he played and the sound through the spectrogram.
Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Is Associated with Affective Temperament Traits: A Cross-Sectional Survey of a Polish Clinical Sample
Authors: Mokrowiecka Anna , Kopczynska Magdalena , Borkowska Alina , Malecka-Wojciesko Ewa
Published: December 2024

Background: Affective temperaments can be considered the subclinical manifestations of affective and stress-related disorders, which could have a relationship with many chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of affective temperament traits on disease-specific quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), two types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: The study included 116 patients with IBD - 61 with UC and 55 with CD, with mean age 43 years, in remission, without serious mental or medical co-morbidities. The patients completed the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis Pisa Paris San Diego-Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A), which is the 110-item self-reported assessment for five dimensions of temperament: depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious, already validated in Poland. For comprehensive assessment of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) was applied. Results: Mean HRQoL in IBD patients was poor and mean IBDQ scores were 145, despite clinical remission. A significant negative correlation was found between HRQoL in all the IBDQ domains and TEMPS-A traits: D (p<0.001), C (p<0.01), I (p<0.05) and A (p<0.001). No significant correlation between hyperthymic temperament and IBDQ scores was found. Conclusions: Poor quality of life in IBD could be associated with affective temperament. Affective temperament traits should be taken into account when identifying patients at riskof worse IBD course and further introducing the personalized therapy.
Relations Between Core Taxa and Metabolic Characteristics of Bacterial Communities in Litopenaeus vannamei Ponds and Their Probiotic Potential
Authors: Zhao Qiong , Zhou Ke , Zhang Fengfeng , Wang Yu , Hao Jun , Xie Fengxing , Yang Qian
Published: December 2024

Microorganisms play a crucial role in purifying aquaculture water bodies. However, there is limited understanding regarding the core species of bacterial communities in aquaculture ponds and their metabolic functions. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology, network analysis, and Biolog EcoPlates, we identified keystone and core taxa of bacterial communities in Litopenaeus vannamei ponds and investigated their correlations with community's carbon source utilization abilities based on Biolog EcoPlates. We found that keystone and core taxa in bacterial communities were significantly correlated with the carbon source utilization abilities of bacterial communities. The positively correlated core taxa include (1) Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Brevibacillus, and Paenibacillus, which are used as probiotics in aquaculture, (2) Candidatus Aquiluna, Dechloromonas, Sulfurifustis, Terrimicrobium, Alsobacter, and Gemmobacter, which have been reported to play a role in nitrogen removal. Furthermore, the positively correlated Tropicimonas (Rhodobacterales: Rhodobacteraceae) in aquaculture has not yet been applied. By nitrogen degradation experiments in aquaculture wastewater, we confirmed the synergistic relationship between the genera Tropicimonas and Bacillus. The co-introduction of Tropicimonas sediminicola SDUM182003 and Priestia aryabhattai HG1802 or Bacillus subtilis XQ1804 into the aquaculture tailwater reduced the time required for the removal rates of nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen to reach over 90% by 24–48 h. Our research reveals the correlation between core taxa and community carbon source utilization, indicating that the core taxa of bacterial communities play a crucial role in the metabolic functions of the community, and offering a reference for exploring new bacterial genera with probiotic potential.
On Zero-Divisor Graphs of Zn, When n Is Square Free
Authors: Alnefaie Kholood , Gammi Nanggom , Rahman Saifur , Ali Shakir
Published: December 2024

In this article, some properties of the zero divisor graph Γ(Zn) are investigated when n is a square free positive integer and it is shown that the zero divisor graph Γ(Zn) of the ring Zn is a (2k−2)-partite graph, when the prime decomposition of n contains k distinct square free primes using the method of congruence relation. We present some examples, accompanied by pictorial visualizations, to achieve the desired results. Since Zn is a semisimple ring when n is square-free, the results can be generalized to characterize semisimple rings and modules, as well as rings satisfying Artinian and Noetherian conditions, through the properties of their zero-divisor graphs.
The Nexus Between Corporate Governance Im-provements, Corporate Investment and Value Crea-tion: Evidence from Shariah-Compliant Companies
Authors: Hamdouni Amina
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the effects of corporate governance improvements on value creation’s sensitivity to corporate investment for non-financial firms listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange, covering 100 Shari-ah-compliant companies from 2020-2023. The author uses multivariate regression analyses to verify the proposed hypotheses. The study finds that corporate governance improvements—such as higher ownership concentration, larger boards, CEO duality, and independent boards—significantly impact investment-driven value creation. This highlights the importance of strong corporate governance in managing investments to create value through effective, focused decision-making. This research suggests some implications and recommendations for companies, investors, and other stakeholders to make appropriate behavioral decisions related to the ownership structures and board characteristics to ensure a high level of Value Creation.
Polymer Composite Films with P(VDF-TrFE) and Molecular Ferroelectric Tri(hydroxymethyl) Nitromethane: Their Ferroelectric and Dielectric Properties
Authors: Escobar-Castillo Marianela , Duman Samet , Lupascu Doru C.
Published: December 2024

Polymer composites of P(VDF-TrFE) and Tri(hydroxymethyl) nitromethane as filler material with different concentrations have been prepared. Tri(hydroxymethyl) nitromethane is an organic ferroe-lectric material with low preparation cost, lightweight, and easy processing. Its properties enable it to be a potential candidate for use as filler material in polymers to improve their ferroelectric, dielec-tric, and piezoelectric properties. We investigated the effect of filler content on the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the polymer. Our results show that Tri(hydroxymethyl) nitromethane retains its crystallinity after embedding it in the polymer matrix. It does not alter the crystalline ferroelectric β-phase of the polymer. All composites possess higher polarization compared to pure P(VDF-TrFE). Up to 11.4 µC/ cm2 remnant polarization and a dielectric constant of 14 at 1000 Hz have been ob-tained with the free-standing 10 wt% composite film.
Integrated Assessment of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Services in Internally Displaced Person (IDP) Camps in Rakhine State, Myanmar
Authors: Win Cho Zin , Dwipayanti Ni Made Utami , Jawjit Warit
Published: December 2024

This study assessed the performance and resilience of WASH services of three Internally Displaced Person (IDP) camps in Rakhine State, Myanmar, a unique non-household setting vulnerable to an-nual storms and storm-induced flooding. Considering climate-sensitivity and complexity of political and social constraints, an integrated WASH assessment tool was used. It consists of nine compo-nents: water, sanitation, hygiene, financial, institutional, environmental impacts, technical, social, and climate change. Results showed good WASH performance levels in Ohn Taw Gyi (South) and Kaung Doke Khar (2) camps, and moderate performance in Thet Kae Pyin camp. Good performance was observed in water, financial, institutional, and social components across all camps, while envi-ronmental impact, technical, and climate change components required improvements due to recur-rent climate hazards, and it impacts on WASH facilities, such as latrine destruction, saltwater intru-sion into handpumps, and increased diarrhea cases. Thus, constructing disaster-resilient latrines, reinforcing handpumps with watertight materials, elevating wellheads to prevent contamination, and forming emergency response teams with appropriate training were recommended. This study provided valuable data to support informed decision-making to the participated stakeholders. It would be beneficial for stakeholders such as WASH professionals, humanitarian organizations, and local governments to ensure sustainable WASH services provision in their areas.
Understanding Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography in Neonatal Care
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud
Published: December 2024

In this thesis, I explore the critical role of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) in neonatal care, particularly for assessing brain function in infants suffering from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the NICU. The research emphasizes the significance of aEEG as a vital diagnostic and monitoring tool that facilitates real-time assessment of neurological conditions, thereby enhancing clinical outcomes for affected newborns. I present a comprehensive overview that includes the definition and procedural aspects of aEEG, insights into the interpretation of cerebral function monitor tracings, and an examination of case studies that highlight its clinical implications. My findings demonstrate that aEEG is instrumental in early seizure detection and overall cerebral health monitoring, underscoring its indispensability in neonatal care. I conclude with a call for further research aimed at optimizing aEEG's integration with other diagnostic approaches to advance neonatal neurological care.
Evaluation of Polymeric Micro/Nanofibrous Hybrid Scaffolds Prepared by Centrifugal Nozzleless Spinning for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Beran Miloš , Musílkova Jana , Sedlář Antonín , Slepička Petr , Veselý Martin , Kolská Zdeňka , Vltavský Ondřej , Molitor Martin , Bačáková Lucie
Published: December 2024

We compared the applicability of 3D fibrous scaffolds, produced by our patented centrifugal spinning technology, in soft tissue engineering. The scaffolds were prepared from four different biocompatible and biodegradable thermoplastics, namely polylactide (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and poly(1,4-butylene succinate) (PBS) and their blends. The combined results of SEM and BET analyses revealed an internal hierarchically-organized porosity of the polymeric micro/nanofibers. Both nanoporosity and capillary effect are crucial for the water retention capacity of scaffolds designed for tissue engineering. The increased surface area provided by nanoporosity enhances water retention, while the capillary effect facilitates the movement of water and nutrients within the scaffolds. When the scaffolds were seeded with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), the ingrowth of these cells was the deepest in the PLA/PCL 13.5/4 (w/w) composite scaffolds. This result is consistent with the relatively large pore size in the fibrous networks, high internal porosity and large specific surface area found in these scaffolds, which may therefore be best suited as a component of adipose tissue substitutes that could reduce the postoperative tissue atrophy. Adipose tissue constructs produced in this way could be used in the future instead of conventional fat grafts, for example in breast reconstruction following cancer ablation.
Self-Regulation, Emotional Symptomatology, Substance Use, and Social Network Addiction in Adolescent Self-Harm
Authors: López-Martínez Luis Fernando , Carretero Eva M. , Carrasco Miguel A. , Pérez-García Ana M.
Published: December 2024

Background: Non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI) is a phenomenon of growing concern in the field of mental health during adolescence.
Methods: In a sample of 354 adolescents (51.7% boys) with a mean age of 15.01 years (range between 12 and 20 years), the relationships of NSSI with self-regulation strategies, substance use, dependence on social networks, and symptomatology were analyzed.
Results: The results showed that adolescents who engage in NSSI use fewer adaptive strategies of emotional self-regulation (self-control) and make greater use of strategies such as self-blame and rumination than those who do not engage in NSSI. They also show more psychological symptomatology, more dependence on social networks, and more substance use. Gender is an important factor, with more girls (62.8%) than boys (37.2%) self-harming. Regression analyses showed that self-harm was associated with more symptomatology and more substance use for both boys and girls. For girls, it was also associated with maladaptive self-regulation strategies. The variables analyzed allow us to correctly classify 89.5% of the boys who do not self-harm and 72.8% of the girls who do.
Conclusion: This study provides insight into the relationships among self-regulation, digital addiction, substance use, emotional symptomatology, and NSSI in adolescents, highlighting the importance of gender.
A Comparative Study on the End-Bearing Capacity of Toe-Wing & Spiral Screw Piles in Cohesion-Less Soil
Authors: Sahil Ahmad Waheed , Uchimura Taro , Malik Adnan Anwar , Kabir Md Raihanul
Published: December 2024

The use of screw piles has grown up rapidly, yet their varied configurations and be-havior in different soils remain key research areas. This study examines the perfor-mance of Toe-wing (Tsubasa) and Spiral screw piles with similar tip areas under similar ground conditions, focusing on how helix position (Wp) and tip embedment depth (Ed) affect the ultimate pile capacity. In the case of fixed helix/toe-wing position with in-creasing pile tip depth, Spiral screw piles exhibited higher load-carrying resistance than toe-wing piles at relative densities of 55%, 80%, and 90%. Moreover, load-carrying re-sistance increased as the position of the helix/toe-wing increased (Wp > 0). For a fixed pile tip depth (Ed) and varying helix/toe-wing positions, spiral screw piles showed higher resistance than toe-wing piles when Wp < 90mm. Moreover, the resistance de-creased as the helix moved away (Wp/Dh > 0), and the pile tip acted independently when Wp/Dh > 1.38. Whereas, for toe-wing piles, ultimate pile capacity increased as the toe-wing moved away from the tip up to Wp/Dh = 2.15, then decreased, to reflect the independent behavior of the toe-wing and pile tip. Empirical equations are presented to convert installation effort and ultimate capacity from one type to another.
Origin of the Gravitational Force
Authors: Liu Shangqing
Published: December 2024

The gravitational force is extremely important because it dominates the formation and evolution of the universe. However, its physical origin and intrinsic nature have not been clearly comprehended for a long time. Certain observed phenomena, along with the newly discovered by Hubble and James Webb telescopes, cannot be explained well by current theories. Furthermore, general relativity and quantum mechanics, which are mainstream theories explaining the gravitational force, are ultimately incompatible with each other. This situation strongly points to the need for a better or novel theory of the gravitational force. Here, based on classical space-time view, a different but solid understanding of the gravitational force is introduced. The author has realized that the gravitational force originates from none other than the electric force and is synthetic electric force produced by a large number of electric charges. Generally speaking, in most objects, there are a large number of free and potentially induced electric charges. Due to various reasons, including unavoidable fluctuations of microscopic particles, non-uniform charge distribution in the object is normal. Earth is typically such an example. The non-uniform charge distribution within an object will almost certainly turn that object into an electric dipole. Thus, almost any object can be regarded as an electric dipole, resulting in any two objects attracting each other. This is the true origin of the gravitational force. This understanding can solve or explain confusing problems or phenomena simply and effectively, such as dark matter, dark energy, flat galaxy and filamentary nebula. This understanding also naturally unifies the gravitational and electromagnetic forces.
Sex-Specific Differences in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Treated with Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty
Authors: Kurzyna Paweł , Witowicz Anna , Kędzierski Piotr , Florczyk Michał , Banaszkiewicz Marta , Szwed Piotr , Piłka Michał , Gąsecka Aleksandra , Pietrasik Arkadiusz , Torbicki Adam , Kurzyna Marcin , Darocha Szymon
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Several studies describe the sex-specific difference in cardiovascular diseases. However, there are still limited research reporting the difference between men and woman with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) treated with ballon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA). The aim of the study was to evaluate sex–specific differences in patients with CTEPH treated with BPA. Methods: This retrospective study included CTEPH patients treated with BPA. Patients’ hemodynamic and clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and 3 months after completion of BPA treatment. Results: The study included 94 patients (44 women, 46.8%). At baseline women had higher systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) (7618.5 vs. 8517.6 mmHg; p=0.03), and pulmonary vascular resistance (8.21 [5.55-10.17] vs. 9.89 [6.31-14.06] Wood Units; p=0.03), compared to men. There were no differences in clinical characteristics between sexes. At follow-up, women had lower sPAP (49 [41-54] vs. 43 [37-49] mmHg; p=0.04) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (10 [9-14] vs. 9 [8-11] mmHg; p=0.03), but higher cardiac index (2.570.53 vs. 2.820.50 L/min/m2; p=0.03), as well as better Dyspnea Borg Scale outcomes, compared to men. Women had greater reduction of mean pulmonary artery pressure (-43% vs. -37%; p=0.049) than men. Conclusions: At baseline, women with CTEPH had worse hemodynamic parameters than men despite similar clinical symptoms. However, women hemodynamic status was better after BPA therapy. Hence, women seem better adapted to the disease at baseline and respond better to the BPA. Further data are needed to investigate whether the management of CTEPH a patients should be sex–differentiated.
Effects of Turmeric and Rosemary Extract on Oxidative Stress Markers in Goats
Authors: Urbańska Daria M. , Kurhaluk Natalia , Tkaczenko Halyna , Rutkowska Karolina , Kawecka-Grochocka Ewelina , Brzozowska Paulina , Czopowicz Michał , Mickiewicz Marcin , Kaba Jarosław , Bagnicka Emilia
Published: December 2024

Background: Due to their versatility, goats are becoming increasingly popular as livestock on commercial farms. To obtain high productivity, the maintenance of homeostasis of their organisms is needed. The study examines the effects of mixture of turmeric-rosemary extracts on the antioxidant status of the blood of young castrated bucks. We examined the most important parameters of oxidative stress.Results: Supplementation was found to lower lipoperoxidation and increase TAC, probably due to improved neutralisation of RO species by enhanced antioxidant pathways. Despite lowering lipid peroxidation, these products can increase protein oxidation. We demonstrate that while enhancing lipid defence mechanisms may reduce lipid peroxidation, it may also increase the level of OMP, probably due to the accumulation of lipid peroxidation metabolites. The activities of SOD, GPx, and GR remained unchanged, whereas CAT activity decreased. CP, ALT, and AST remained stable, suggesting no adverse effects on key markers of liver function. Conclusions: The high antioxidant potential observed after supplementation indicates the turmeric-rosemary extract mixture elicited a favorable biochemical response; thus, the supplemented compounds effectively enhanced antioxidant defenses (by improved neutralization of ROS) without negatively affecting liver enzyme activities. Supplementing with turmeric-rosemary dry extract can significantly affect the maintenance of homeostasis and, consequently, achieve high productivity.
Fenugreek as a Potential Active Ingredient for the Development of Innovative Cosmetic Formulation
Authors: Abdennebi Ameni Ben , Chaabani Emna , Bourgou Soumaya , Hammami Majdi , Tounsi Moufida Saidani , Merah Othmane , Bettaieb Rebey Iness
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on optimizing the extraction conditions for antioxidants from the fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) through ultrasound-assisted extraction in the aim of creating a stable and effective cosmetic formulation. RSM was used to optimize the extraction parameters to ultrasonic power of 60%, with 50% ethanol concentration for 10 min. Under those conditions, the extract showed a phenolic-rich profile, with a total phenolic content equivalent to 18.56 mg GAE/g DM and a radical scavenging activity of 63.24%. Chromatographic analysis further confirmed the abundance of phenolic compounds, with epicatechin identified as the major compound at a concentration of 22.58 mg/g DM. The extract exhibited considerable antibacterial activity for a number of bacterial strains and it exhibited no cell toxicity on RAW 267.4 cells, supporting its safe use in cosmetic products. The cosmetic formulation maintained high stability, with pH values from 6.25 to 6.35, viscosity values from 7941.69 to 7956.70 cp, and less color change after 90 days preservation under varied temperature conditions. These findings validate fenugreek extract potential for producing a stable, eco-friendly, and effective cosmetic product, thus bringing skin health benefit and driving sustainable extraction methods in the cosmetic industry.
The Spleen Viromes of Australia’s Endemic Platypus are Dominated by Highly Diverse Papillomaviruses
Authors: Sarker Subir , Talukder Saranika , Athukorala Ajani , Whiteley Pamela L.
Published: December 2024

The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), a unique monotreme, represents a pivotal point in mammalian evolution, with its distinctive traits, such as electroreception and venom production. Despite its evolutionary significance, the viral diversity within platypuses remains poorly understood. This study employed next-generation sequencing to investigate the virome of the dead platypuses, uncovering a range of novel and divergent viruses. Among the identified viruses were four complete genomes of papillomaviruses (OaPV1–4) exhibiting substantial divergence from known strains, suggesting a novel genus within the subfamily Secondpapillomavirinae. Additionally, five novel parvoviruses were detected, including two with complete genomes, highlighting the complex viral ecosystem of the platypus. Phylogenetic analysis placed these viruses in unique evolutionary branches, further demonstrating the platypus’s evolutionary significance. A circular DNA virus, a tombus-like virus, and a Nodamuvirus were also identified, expanding the understanding of viral diversity in monotremes. These findings offer crucial insights into viral evolution in one of the most unique mammalian lineages, emphasising the need for further exploration to assess ecological and pathological impacts on platypus populations.
Advanced Efficient Feature Selection Integrating Augmented Extreme Learning Machine and Particle Swarm Optimization for Predicting Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield in Corn
Authors: Bontemps Josselin , Ebtehaj Isa , Deslauriers Gabriel , Rousseau Alain N. , Bonakdari Hossein , Dessureault-Rompré Jacynthe
Published: December 2024

Efficient nitrogen management is crucial for improving corn productivity while minimizing environmental impacts. This study evaluates the response of corn to nitrogen fertilization using three key metrics: Yield, Nitrogen Harvest Index (NHI), and Agronomic Nitrogen Use Efficiency (ANUE). The experiment was conducted over three years (2021-2023) across 84 sites in Quebec, Canada, with five nitrogen treatments applied post-emergence (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg N/ha) and initial nitrogen applied at seeding (30 to 60 kg/ha). In addition, various soil health indicators, including physical, chemical, and biochemical properties, were monitored to understand their interaction with nitrogen use efficiency. Machine learning techniques, such as Augmented Extreme Learning Machine (AELM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), were employed to optimize nitrogen recommendations by identifying the most relevant features for predicting yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The results highlight that integrating soil health indicators such as enzyme activities (β-glucosidase [BG] and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase [NAG]) and soil proteins into nitrogen management models improves prediction accuracy, leading to enhanced productivity and environmental sustainability. These findings suggest that advanced data-driven approaches can significantly contribute to more precise and sustainable nitrogen fertilization strategies.