bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La osteohistoriografía como propuesta de método de investigación histórica en la lectura de los restos óseos humanos, para la reconstrucción de la vida de los individuos y la sociedad en el pasado novohispano de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Landa Juárez Érica Itzel
Published: April 2020

Historiar es reconstruir críticamente el pasado y para hacerlo es necesario trabajar principalmente con los textos, cuya condición se extiende a cualquier testimonio del pasado, ya que se trata de vestigios arqueológicos, pero también es posible agregar los vestigios óseos humanos, ya que los individuos son quienes modifican su medio ambiente a conveniencia, construyen obras arquitectónicas sorprendentes, plasman sus ideas, pensamientos y emociones a través de la escritura y el arte. La lectura de los huesos o el uso de los mismos como documento histórico en el cual pueda “leerse”, nos dice algo sólo y únicamente cuando los tratemos por lo que realmente son y dentro del contexto que les da vida. La conjunción de la lectura de los huesos (osteología) y la historiografía dieron como resultado la osteohistoriografía, la cual queda desarrollada en un estudio de caso, donde se plasma la reconstrucción de la posible vida de una señora que vivió en el siglo XVIII en la Nueva España, quien deseó y solicitó ser enterrada en el convento de Corpus Christi de la ciudad de México, vestida con el uso del hábito de San Francisco. Doscientos cincuenta años más tarde, se registró un ataúd de plomo a la entrada del convento, cuyos vestigios parecen coincidir con la mencionada dama.
Revaloración de la Constitución original de 1917, en la era de la cuarta transformación mexicana, y los conceptos de Constitución política, geográfica y moral
Authors: Andrea Sánchez Francisco José de
Published: April 2020

Mediante un breve análisis de la esencia nacional, cultural, étnica, psicológica e incluso geográfica que se ha reflejado en los textos constitucionales mexicanos, el autor da una idea de los nuevos esquemas políticos, sociales y morales que regirán esta etapa de la historia de México. Asimismo, hace énfasis en la importancia de la reconceptualización de los términos de Constitución “política” y constitución propiamente “geográfica, demográfica y moral”.
Ciberacoso desde la perspectiva docente
Authors: Pavez Isabel , García-Béjar Ligia
Published: April 2020

A pesar del aumento de las cifras de uso de Internet y redes sociales en Latinoamérica, y de la prevalencia de ciberacoso, existe poco conocimiento de la realidad que enfrentan los docentes de esta región. Mediante una aproximación cualitativa, esta investigación explora discursos y experiencias de docentes en Chile y México en las ciudades de Santiago y Guadalajara sobre esta problemática, y sus herramientas para lidiar con estas situaciones. Para ello se entrevistó en profundidad a 57 docentes de escuelas de bajo, medio y alto nivel socioeconómico, que tienen a su cargo alumnos entre 12 y 17 años. Los principales resultados indican que la confianza de los docentes para identificar ciberacoso aumenta cuando ellos mismos son usuarios de redes sociales, que su preparación para prevenirlo e intervenirlo es crucial, y que las instituciones deben poner este tema como prioridad, pues es un fenómeno creciente y aún inexplorado por los profesores.
Educación para el cambio climático: ¿educar sobre el clima o para el cambio?
Authors: González Gaudiano Edgar J. , Meira Cartea Pablo Á.
Published: April 2020

El cambio climático constituye el desafío más importante de la humanidad para el presente siglo. Se trata de un complejo fenómeno resultante del proceso civilizatorio en boga que desestabilizará aún más los ciclos y dinámicas naturales y sociales de todo el globo. Por ello, desconcierta la apatía que las ciencias sociales y la educación han manifestado y manifiestan sobre este problema en la trayectoria actual hacia un colapso generalizado. En el artículo se analizan críticamente las dos vertientes fundamentales de respuesta que se formulan con finalidades educativas en esta materia. Discutimos sus alcances y limitaciones, y revisamos posibilidades más fecundas en términos de eficacia colectiva, con el propósito de fortalecer la capacidad y la disposición de las personas y las comunidades de lograr cambios significativos apremiantes, que contribuyan a evitar los peores escenarios posibles de la crisis climática.
PRAGMATIC ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION (FRONTING, LEFT DISLOCATION, AND TOPICALIZATION) IN LAMALERA DIALECT
Authors: Demon Yosef -
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Left dislocation construction, fronting construction and topicalization construction are universal linguistic alternations. Nevertheless these three constructions have characteristics that are very different from one language to another. This distinction depends on the language system of every language. This research data is obtained from the result of conversation between speakers of Lamaholot dialect of Lamalera. The result of data analysis proves that LDLL has three alternative constructions. The use of real language in everyday communication, this alternative construction ear has a gradative usage frequency. Left dislocation construction has the lowest usage frequency while the construction of precision and topicalization construction is significant. However, the construction of forging and parsing differed from one to another. Left dislocation construction is the advancement of peripheral arguments while topicalization construction is the construction of core argument prediction. The construction of topicalization is a passive-like construction (derivative construction).
Keywords: Left dislocation construction, fronting construction and topicalization construction
Cooperación académica: Universidad y sector productivo regional
Authors: Eslava-Zapata Rolando , Chacón-Lobo Genny , Chacón-Guerrero Édixon , Gonzalez-Júnior Hilário Alonso
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo tiene como propósito plantear los factores que influyen en el fortalecimiento de la cooperación académica entre la Universidad y el sector productivo regional durante el proceso de las pasantías universitarias. En tal contexto, este documento se define como un estudio de tipo descriptivo documental que procura el aporte de elementos de reflexión con respecto a la estructura económica actual y la necesaria transferencia de conocimientos por parte de los egresados universitarios a la sociedad.  En este sentido, se pudo concluir que la relación sector productivo-Universidad se hace hoy prioritaria, pues de allí depende el desarrollo de la capacidad científica y tecnológica de un país. En efecto, la renovación y actualización del recurso humano con habilidades y conocimientos científicos representa la base para intervenir en una sociedad cada día más exigente y con una economía altamente competitiva. Por tanto, el binomio academia – empresa construye el fundamento teórico práctico pertinente para sustentar la relación desde el punto de vista económico, social, político, cultural y educativo en el proceso de democratización del conocimiento científico y tecnológico.
Editorial
Authors: Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Editorial
Published: April 2020

Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
Resultados de las pruebas de bachillerato en Ecuador
Authors: Fabara Garzón Eduardo
Published: April 2020

La evaluación de los resultados de un sistema educativo es muy necesaria en todos los países, porque permite identificar los aspectos positivos del proceso educativo y aquellos que necesitan de un mejoramiento. En el Ecuador, desde el año 2015, con la expedición de una nueva legislación educativa y la creación del Instituto Nacional de Evaluación Educativa, se ha iniciado la evaluación de los resultados del bachillerato, lo que ha permitido identificar a los establecimientos que han alcanzado los mejores rendimientos y la ubicación geográfica de dichos planteles.En la investigación que se presenta a continuación analiza la situación de los colegios con mejores resultados en el año 2016 y la comparación con lo que se logró en el año 2015. Se identifican los centros educativos, según su tipo y su forma de sostenimiento; se reseñan los promedios alcanzados por los planteles en esta prueba, su ubicación, comparados con el universo y el número de estudiantes que se presentaron a dicha evaluación. No existe la intención de crear un ranking de instituciones educativas, por lo contrario, se intenta saber las razones por las que ciertos planteles han obtenido buenos resultados en los dos años analizados, con el propósito de que estos factores puedan ser adoptados por otros establecimientos para mejorar la educación nacional. Esta investigación documental se realizó sobre la base de los resultados obtenidos por el Instituto Nacional de Evaluación en las pruebas “Ser Bachiller” de los años 2015 y 2016 tomadas a nivel nacional.
Cultura institucional y su impacto en las prácticas de lectura y escritura en la universidad
Authors: Bigi Elisa , García Romero Marisol , Chacón Edixon
Published: April 2020

Este artículo constituye un segmento de la investigación sobre las concepciones de los profesores en torno a la producción de textos escritos en el ámbito universitario, desarrollada en la carrera de Educación, mención Básica Integral, de la Universidad de Los Andes, Núcleo Táchira. Se presenta una sección de los resultados referida al impacto de la cultura institucional en las prácticas de lectura y escritura. Nos apoyamos en la fundamentación teórica aportada por la alfabetización académica, las concepciones de los docentes, las políticas lingüísticas universitarias, y la noción de cultura institucional vista como el conjunto de prácticas, valores, convenciones, conocimientos, símbolos, lenguajes, tradiciones y creencias enraizados en las instituciones, trasmitidas por el monitoreo grupal, a través de la aprobación o desaprobación social. El estudio se hizo bajo el paradigma cualitativo, con enfoque interpretativo, y nos sustentamos en la teoría fundamentada, específicamente en la estrategia de la codificación teórica, para analizar la información obtenida a través de entrevis¬tas en profundidad efectuadas a diez docentes de la citada carrera. Los resultados surgidos muestran algunos elementos que conforman las prácticas institucionales respecto a la lectura y escritura en la carrera: cuáles profesores deberían ser responsables de enseñar la lengua escrita, carencia de acompañamiento institucional para orientar, motivar y publicar las producciones textuales de los profesores, usos inadecuados de la escritura por parte de los estudiantes (por ejemplo, plagio textual), y ausencia de políticas lingüísticas. Por otra parte, se advierte la necesidad de que en la universidad se expliciten políticas que orienten la alfabetización académica, las cuales deben incluir — entre otros aspectos— la formación de los docentes y el compromiso de los distintos componentes institucionales para que se alcance este propósito.
Actitudes hacia las Matemáticas y prácticas docentes: un estudio exploratorio en maestros
Authors: Gómezescobar Camino Ariadna , León Mantero Carmen María , Fernández Cezar Raquel
Published: April 2020

Las creencias y las actitudes son parte del dominio afectivo en educación matemática. Dentro de las actitudes la ansiedad aparece relacionada con el rendimiento y el autoconcepto de la competencia matemática, y es determinante del comportamiento. Por ello en este trabajo se exploran las creencias, la ansiedad, y su posible influencia en la práctica docente de maestros, así como sus relaciones. Se trabaja con una muestra de 109 maestros españoles de Educación Primaria (EP) que rellenan un cuestionario en línea compuesto por tres instrumentos, y se analizan los datos cuantitativamente con SPSS. Los resultados muestran que los maestros son principalmente euclidianos o cuasi-empiristas, que su ansiedad hacia las matemáticas es alta, y que el indicador de procesos matemáticos más empleado es el razonamiento y la prueba, seguido de la resolución de problemas. Por otro lado, no se encuentra asociación entre las creencias sobre las matemáticas o la ansiedad, y ninguno de los cinco indicadores de presencia de los procesos matemáticos en la práctica docente. Por último, se confirma asociación entre la ansiedad y las creencias en maestros con una concepción cuasi-empirista de las matemáticas. Se reconoce que el diseño del estudio tiene limitaciones, y se hacen propuestas para su mejora.
La praxis del profesor de matemáticas: el caso de las competencias transversales en un programa de ingeniería de sistemas
Authors: Gelvez Almeida Elkin , Vivas García Marisela
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo se deriva de la investigación titulada “Competencias transversales en matemáticas que fortalecen la formación profesional del ingeniero de sistemas de la Universidad Simón Bolívar sede Cúcuta” cuyo objetivo general fue analizar las prácticas de los profesores de matemáticas y las técnicas e instrumentos aplicados para la valoración de las competencias transversales. Metodológicamente sigue un enfoque mixto, diseño de campo- transversal y nivel descriptivo. Los sujetos que conformaron la muestra fueron 3 profesores y 75 estudiantes de los diferentes cursos de matemáticas del programa académico de ingeniería de sistemas. Las técnicas empleadas para la recolección de datos y el análisis de los mismos fueron: la encuesta mediante cuestionario estructurado, y el análisis documental y estadístico utilizando software especializados como Atlas.ti y el SPSS Statistics respectivamente. Los resultados reflejan la relación existente entre la percepción de los estudiantes y la praxis pedagógica del profesor de matemáticas.
Conocimiento y práctica pedagógica de los docentes en escolares con inatención, hiperactividad e impulsividad
Authors: Rivera Porras Diego , Carrillo Sierra Sandra Milena , Silva Monsalve Gloria , Galvis Velandia Laura Nataly
Published: April 2020

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo describir el conocimiento y la práctica pedagógica de los docentes en escolares con inatención, hiperactividad e impulsividad en un colegio de la ciudad de Cúcuta. Este estudio se realizó bajo una metodología de investigación cuantitativa con diseño no experimental con alcance descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se utilizó la Escala Likert de Conocimiento y Práctica Pedagógica – CPIHI conformada por las dimensiones de Inatención, Hiperactividad, Impulsividad, Relación Pedagógica y Didáctica, dicho instrumento cuenta con una Confiabilidad de 0,82 y una consistencia interna del 95% entre sus dimensiones. El instrumento se aplicó a 27 docentes de un Colegio Público y se encontró como resultado que a mayor conocimiento sobre la inatención, hiperactividad e impulsividad, mejor es la relación y la didáctica en la práctica pedagógica.
Efecto de un proceso grupal de meditación sobre el estrés percibido y las estrategias de afrontamiento en un contexto carcelario
Authors: Mora-Arias María Nazareth , Solano-Alpízar Lizbeth , Marín-Picado Bradly , Prado-Calderon Jorge Esteban
Published: April 2020

La privación de libertad es un suceso que impacta los niveles de estrés y requiere estrategias de afrontamiento. En la cárcel Jorge Arturo Montero Castro de Costa Rica se implementó un proceso grupal de meditación con personas recluidas para ayudarles a sobrellevar el encarcelamiento. Para aportar evidencia científi ca sobre la efectividad de esta intervención, se realizó un estudio mixto de triangulación con modelo de convergencia. Cuantitativamente, se evaluó si la intervención generó cambios en los niveles de estrés percibido de los participantes. El diseño fue experimental con preprueba-posprueba y grupo control de lista de espera. La muestra fue de 32 hombres (16 en cada grupo). Cualitativamente, se exploró cómo infl uyó la intervención en los estilos de afrontamiento dentro del ambiente carcelario. El diseño fue un estudio de casos múltiples con muestreo intencional y se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a cada participante del grupo de tratamiento. Además, se revisaron las consignas, los contenidos y el diseño de la intervención para evaluar su idoneidad. Los resultados cuantitativos no evidenciaron diferencias entre el grupo experimental y el grupo control; sin embargo, sobresalió la diferencia signifi cativa en la subescala cognitiva (F(1, 15) = 5.01, p = .04) entre la preprueba y la posprueba del grupo de tratamiento. En los resultados cualitativos, los participantes expresaron que con el proceso lograron utilizar estrategias como autocontrol, reevaluación positiva y distanciamiento. Sobre el diseño de la intervención, sobresalen las fortalezas; pero, se considera que la intervención puede rediseñarse al incorporar los aspectos por mejorar para maximizar los beneficios.
Multiple identities: gender, power and the production of anthropological knowledge
Authors: Pemunta Ngambouk V.
Published: April 2020

This article discusses my "outsider within" status in terms of gender, age, nationality, race and perceived positionality and alliance with the "Whiteman" (by virtue of my western educational status) during my fieldwork. My research centered on the contentious debate over female circumcision in Southwest Cameroon. It examines the gulf between perceived anti-female circumcision activism and the quest for anthropological knowledge through ethnography. My multiple identities expose illuminating insights about the larger global context of power in which the ritual procedure is intertwined and how they may be shaping the practices on the ground, as well as on the political complexity of both theoretical and applied research.
Dancing my true dance: reflections on learning to express myself through ecstatic dance in Hawai'i
Authors: Pickering Lucy
Published: April 2020

While I was doing fieldwork with hippies and drop outs in Hawai'i, my mother came to visit. During her visit I took her to an ecstatic dance. At this dance one of my research participants, Stan, told me, "Lucy, I've been watching you dance today and you've really learned to express yourself". Discussing it later, my mother remarked, "Yes, but what he meant was that you've learned to dance like everyone else". In this paper I explore how the same piece of dance could be interpreted so differently by these two observers. I identify the importance of "acquired movement vocabulary" for rendering improvised dance intelligible to observers, so that Stan, trained to identify the point of such a dance - self-expression - through my dance could see self-expression where my mother, trained in observing how well her daughter fits in with others, saw something entirely different.
In sorcery's shadows: a critical approach to a narrative genre
Authors: Walczak Bartlomiej
Published: April 2020

This paper is concerned with the researcher/fieldwork relationship as expounded in Paul Ricoeur's thesis about a mutual configuration/refiguration relationship between the verbal and the textual perspective. Although anthropologists may configure textual representation of the studied culture in their narrative, they can also be subjected to the process of refiguration by the surrounding, "local" reality. Using Paul Stoller's project for eidetic anthropology as an example, I seek to demonstrate the boundaries of cognition in anthropology: the limitations of integrating two different cultural perspectives in one narrative, caused by a mimetic reaction typical of the refigurative mechanism.
At work in the field: problems and opportunities associated with employment during fieldwork
Authors: Kaul Adam
Published: April 2020

This paper explores the advantages and drawbacks of gainful employment whilst conducting ethnographic fieldwork. Examples are drawn from the author's fieldwork in a heavily visited tourist destination in western Ireland. Whilst there are potential problems that arise due to employment, the benefits are such that it should not be discouraged outright. Moreover, it needs to be discussed as a potential condition of fieldwork. I found that although employment was initially necessary simply to fund my time in the field it became an intensely useful vehicle for gaining access to local knowledge. Employment allows the field researcher to move into and explore emic categorizations of people, and in this case, observe the interactions between permanent residents and tourists. Employment is very rarely discussed in the literature on anthropological methodology, and this paper is intended to continue a growing dialogue about the pragmatic, day-to-day experience of the field. Introduction
'Imagined suicide': self-sacrifice and the making of heroes in post-war Croatia
Authors: Schäuble Michaela
Published: April 2020

Based on reflections during 12 months of fieldwork on gender-related recollections of war and violence in a central Dalmatian town in post-war Croatia, this paper explores how the traumatising experience of militant conflict (1991-1995) and subsequent affliction are dealt with on an individual level. Drawing on the example of a carnival episode in which one of my core interlocutors embodied a suicide bomber, I employ the concept of 'imagined suicide'. As a category of ironic commentary on global terrorism, yet an emblematic expression of discontent in a desolate post-war setting, 'imagined suicide' constitutes a concept in which violence is playfully performed as a politically creative force. My aim is to decipher the symbolism in which the dynamics of (imagined) violent action are embedded and to interpret its communicative messages in terms of intentional annotation of the actors' own reflections on their lives.
From play to knowledge: from visual to verbal?
Authors: Atkinson Lucy
Published: April 2020

This article relates my experiences using playful child-centred research techniques whilst undertaking research with Congolese refugee children in Zambia. Such techniques generate rich and varied information, and often in unexpected ways. They also create a format whereby the researcher and the children can interact and form relationships outside the usual social relationships of adult and child, researcher and informant. Given play's classification as enjoyable, social and educational, play as an aspect of fieldwork can be involved in a range of different ways of gathering and presenting anthropological knowledge. Through play we build different kinds of relationships, experience different kinds of interaction and therefore gather different kinds of information. Play in fieldwork therefore leads to different kinds of knowledge, but it also leads to knowledge presented in different forms-visual, embodied performative and experiential. Given the prioritisation of written forms in academia, the way in which these forms of representation can be used in the presentation of knowledge is not straightforward. The challenge to anthropology is how these different forms of knowledge are valued and translated.
My life after death: connecting the field, the findings and the feelings
Authors: Woodthorpe Kate
Published: April 2020

This paper is an account of an emotional journey that took place alongside an ethnographic study of the contemporary cemetery landscape. It seeks to highlight the importance of conducting empirical research as a 'rite of passage', leading to the role of a researcher, by examining the connection between data, the human researcher, and the analysis. Furthermore, this paper argues that the emotionality of the research process needs to be incorporated into discussions of methodology and analysis to enable researchers to produce high-quality social research.
The politics and aesthetics of attraction in the Gran Poder festival: reflections on a 'methodology of affect'
Authors: Tassi Nico
Published: April 2020

For indigenous residents in Bolivia's capital city, La Paz, the religious festival of Gran Poder represents a fierce and proud expression of cultural resistance to the practices of the dominant creole sectors, and also an endeavour to entice the privileged other to the attractive dynamics of the festival. In this intercultural context, the interplay of resistance and inclusion attempts to redress the oppressive discriminating practices experienced by the urbanised indigenous. Such a delicate operation is ultimately performed not so much at a discursive level but rather through a series of aesthetic and performative practices where sensorial 'attraction' holds a pre-eminent value. After highlighting the functioning of such 'practices of attraction', I will move on to describe my involvement in them and analyse the challenges they pose to the ethnographic work and to the practices and demeanours of anthropology. If emotional involvement and sensorial engagement are qualities often discouraged in our academic upbringing, in this specific context they enabled me to bridge theory and practice and to 'understand in the flesh' field dynamics without considering the native's world as holding an epistemological disadvantage in relation to the anthropologist's. This personal physical involvement allowed me to take 'native conceptions' seriously, therefore using them and sensing the constraints our own disciplinary principles may exert on them.
Reflections on violence and suicide in South Yorkshire: (Dis-)United Kingdom
Authors: Charlesworth Simon J.
Published: April 2020

This paper addresses the personal consequences attendant upon the post-Thatcher neo-liberal restructuring of the British economy. Its focus is upon the way that increased economic insecurity created a range of personally encountered problems, which constitute the most immediate sense of being-in-a-world so disclosed. It tries to cast light upon the increased anonymous violence that is a pervasive aspect of British public life.
The dangers of writing up: a cautionary tale from Bangladesh
Authors: Matsaert Harriet , Ahmed Zahir , Hussain Faruqe , Islam Noushin
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we reflect on our experiences of writing up for an 'action research' project in Bangladesh. In this work we wanted both to produce high quality anthropological analysis, and also to meet development aims, which depended on effective partnerships with those we were studying. In writing up we found that these aims can be conflicting. Our experience highlights the need for applied anthropologists to be acutely aware of their role and status and to be prepared for the kind of reaction their text may provoke. Some practical lessons include a recommendation to keep the text a 'work in progress' for as long as possible, using this time to share and revise it with others and to build consensus before publication. We also found it useful to move from a critical to an appreciative stance in our analysis. We believe that this change of focus does not lessen the rigour of analysis but presents information in a more constructive way which is conducive to partnerships and action.
Acute Hyperglycemia Increases Brain Pregenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex Glutamate Concentrations in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Bolo Nicolas R. , Jacobson Alan M. , Musen Gail , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Simonson Donald C.
Published: April 2020

The brain mechanisms underlying the association of hyperglycemia with depressive symptoms are unknown. We hypothesized that disrupted glutamate metabolism in pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) without depression affects emotional processing. Using proton MRS, we measured glutamate concentrations in ACC and occipital lobe cortex (OCC) in 13 subjects with T1D without major depression (HbA1c 7.1 ± 0.7% [54 ± 7 mmol/mol]) and 11 healthy control subjects without diabetes (HbA1c 5.5 ± 0.2% [37 ± 3 mmol/mol]) during fasting euglycemia followed by a 60-min +5.5 mmol/L hyperglycemic clamp (HG). Intrinsic neuronal activity was assessed using resting-state blood oxygen level–dependent functional MRI to measure the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in slow-4 band (fALFF4). Emotional processing and depressive symptoms were assessed using emotional tasks (emotional Stroop task, self-referent encoding task [SRET]) and clinical ratings (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HAM-D], Symptom Checklist-90 Revised [SCL-90-R]), respectively. During HG, ACC glutamate increased (1.2 mmol/kg, 10% P = 0.014) while ACC fALFF4 was unchanged (−0.007, −2%, P = 0.449) in the T1D group; in contrast, glutamate was unchanged (−0.2 mmol/kg, −2%, P = 0.578) while fALFF4 decreased (−0.05, −13%, P = 0.002) in the control group. OCC glutamate and fALFF4 were unchanged in both groups. T1D had longer SRET negative word response times (P = 0.017) and higher depression rating scores (HAM-D P = 0.020, SCL-90-R depression P = 0.008). Higher glutamate change tended to associate with longer emotional Stroop response times in T1D only. Brain glutamate must be tightly controlled during hyperglycemia because of the risk for neurotoxicity with excessive levels. Results suggest that ACC glutamate control mechanisms are disrupted in T1D, which affects glutamatergic neurotransmission related to emotional or cognitive processing. Increased prefrontal glutamate during acute hyperglycemic episodes could explain our previous findings of associations among chronic hyperglycemia, cortical thinning, and depressive symptoms in T1D.
Effects of Novel Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide on Biomarkers of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hartman Mark L. , Sanyal Arun J. , Loomba Rohit , Wilson Jonathan M. , Nikooienejad Amir , Bray Ross , Karanikas Chrisanthi A. , Duffin Kevin L. , Robins Deborah A. , Haupt Axel
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effect of tirzepatide, a dual agonist of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors, on biomarkers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Patients with T2DM received either once weekly tirzepatide (1, 5, 10, or 15 mg), dulaglutide (1.5 mg), or placebo for 26 weeks. Changes from baseline in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), keratin-18 (K-18), procollagen III (Pro-C3), and adiponectin were analyzed in a modified intention-to-treat population.

RESULTS

Significant (P < 0.05) reductions from baseline in ALT (all groups), AST (all groups except tirzepatide 10 mg), K-18 (tirzepatide 5, 10, 15 mg), and Pro-C3 (tirzepatide 15 mg) were observed at 26 weeks. Decreases with tirzepatide were significant compared with placebo for K-18 (10 mg) and Pro-C3 (15 mg) and with dulaglutide for ALT (10, 15 mg). Adiponectin significantly increased from baseline with tirzepatide compared with placebo (10, 15 mg).

CONCLUSIONS

In post hoc analyses, higher tirzepatide doses significantly decreased NASH-related biomarkers and increased adiponectin in patients with T2DM.
Wilson Disease With Novel Compound Heterozygote Mutations in the ATP7B Gene Presenting With Severe Diabetes
Authors: Li Juyi , Jiang Yanli , Xu Teng , Zhang Yao , Xue Jiajia , Gao Xiao , Yang Xiaoyan , Wang Xiufang , Jia Xiong , Cheng Wenzhuo , Jin Si
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

To determine the relationship between ATP7B mutations and diabetes in Wilson disease (WD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 21 exons and exon-intron boundaries of ATP7B were identified by Sanger sequencing.

RESULTS

Two novel compound heterozygous mutations (c.525 dupA/ Val176Serfs*28 and c.2930 C>T/ p.Thr977Met) were detected in ATP7B. After d-penicillamine (D-PCA) therapy, serum aminotransferase and ceruloplasmin levels in this patient were normalized and levels of HbA1c decreased. However, when the patient ceased to use D-PCA due to an itchy skin, serum levels of fasting blood glucose increased. Dimercaptosuccinic acid capsules were prescribed and memory recovered to some extent, which was accompanied by decreased insulin dosage for glucose control by 5 units.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first report of diabetes caused by WD.
Metabolic Factors, Lifestyle Habits, and Possible Polyneuropathy in Early Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Study of 5,249 Patients in the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) Cohort
Authors: Christensen Diana H. , Knudsen Søren T. , Gylfadottir Sandra S. , Christensen Lotte B. , Nielsen Jens S. , Beck-Nielsen Henning , Sørensen Henrik T. , Andersen Henning , Callaghan Brian C. , Feldman Eva L. , Finnerup Nanna B. , Jensen Troels S. , Thomsen Reimar W.
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the association of metabolic and lifestyle factors with possible diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) and neuropathic pain in patients with early type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We thoroughly characterized 6,726 patients with recently diagnosed diabetes. After a median of 2.8 years, we sent a detailed questionnaire on neuropathy, including the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire (MNSIq), to identify possible DPN (score ≥4) and the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4) questionnaire for possible associated neuropathic pain (MNSIq ≥4 + pain in both feet + DN4 score ≥3).

RESULTS

Among 5,249 patients with data on both DPN and pain, 17.9% (n = 938) had possible DPN, including 7.4% (n = 386) with possible neuropathic pain. In regression analyses, central obesity (waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio) was markedly associated with DPN. Other important metabolic factors associated with DPN included hypertriglyceridemia ≥1.7 mmol/L, adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.36 (95% CI 1.17; 1.59); decreased HDL cholesterol <1.0/1.2 mmol/L (male/female), aPR 1.35 (95% CI 1.12; 1.62); hs-CRP ≥3.0 mg/L, aPR 1.66 (95% CI 1.42; 1.94); C-peptide ≥1,550 pmol/L, aPR 1.72 (95% CI 1.43; 2.07); HbA1c ≥78 mmol/mol, aPR 1.42 (95% CI 1.06; 1.88); and antihypertensive drug use, aPR 1.34 (95% CI 1.16; 1.55). Smoking, aPR 1.50 (95% CI 1.24; 1.81), and lack of physical activity (0 vs. ≥3 days/week), aPR 1.61 (95% CI 1.39; 1.85), were also associated with DPN. Smoking, high alcohol intake, and failure to increase activity after diabetes diagnosis associated with neuropathic pain.

CONCLUSIONS

Possible DPN was associated with metabolic syndrome factors, insulin resistance, inflammation, and modifiable lifestyle habits in early type 2 diabetes.
Efficacy and Safety of 1:1 Fixed-Ratio Combination of Insulin Glargine and Lixisenatide Versus Lixisenatide in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Oral Antidiabetic Drugs: The LixiLan JP-O1 Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Watada Hirotaka , Takami Akane , Spranger Robert , Amano Atsushi , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Niemoeller Elisabeth
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

To assess the efficacy and safety of a 1:1 fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine and lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) versus lixisenatide (Lixi) in insulin-naive Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this phase 3, open-label, multicenter trial, 321 patients with HbA1c≥7.5 to ≤10.0% (58–86 mmol/mol) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≤13.8 mmol/L (250 mg/dL) were randomized 1:1 to iGlarLixi or Lixi for 52 weeks. The primary end point was change in HbA1c at week 26.

RESULTS

Change in HbA1c from baseline to week 26 was significantly greater with iGlarLixi (−1.58% [−17.3 mmol/mol]) than with Lixi (−0.51% [−5.6 mmol/mol]), confirming the superiority of iGlarLixi (least squares [LS] mean difference −1.07% [−11.7 mmol/mol], P < 0.0001). At week 26, significantly greater proportions of patients treated with iGlarLixi reached HbA1c <7% (53 mmol/mol) (65.2% vs. 19.4%; P < 0.0001), and FPG reductions were greater with iGlarLixi than Lixi (LS mean difference −2.29 mmol/L [−41.23 mg/dL], P < 0.0001). Incidence of documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (≤3.9 mmol/L [70 mg/dL]) was higher with iGlarLixi (13.0% vs. 2.5%) through week 26, with no severe hypoglycemic events in either group. Incidence of gastrointestinal events through week 52 was lower with iGlarLixi (36.0% vs. 50.0%), and rates of treatment-emergent adverse events were similar.

CONCLUSIONS

This phase 3 study demonstrated superior glycemic control and fewer gastrointestinal adverse events with iGlarLixi than with Lixi, which may support it as a new treatment option for Japanese patients with T2DM that is inadequately controlled with OADs.
Use of glucagon-like peptide-1-receptor-agonists and risk of serious renal events: Scandinavian cohort study
Authors: Pasternak Björn , Wintzell Viktor , Eliasson Björn , Svensson Ann-Marie , Franzén Stefan , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Hveem Kristian , Jonasson Christian , Melbye Mads , Svanström Henrik , Ueda Peter
Published: April 2020

Objective

To
assess the association between use of GLP1-receptor-agonists and risk of
serious renal events in routine clinical practice.

Research Design and Methods

Cohort
study using an active-comparator new-user design and nationwide register data
from Sweden, Denmark and Norway, 2010-2016. The cohort included 38,731 new
users of GLP1-receptor-agonists (liraglutide 92.5%;
exenatide 6.2%; lixisenatide 0.7%; dulaglutide
0.6%), matched 1:1 on age, sex and propensity score to a
new user of the active comparator, dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. The
main outcome was serious renal events, a composite including renal replacement
therapy, death from renal causes and hospitalization for renal events.
Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the main outcome. Hazard
ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox models and an intention-to-treat exposure
definition. Mean (SD) follow-up time was 3.0 (1.7)
years.

Results

Mean
(SD) age of the study population was 59 (10) years and 18% had cardiovascular
disease. A serious
renal event occurred in 570 users of GLP1-receptor-agonists (incidence rate 4.8
events per 1000 person-years) and in 722 users of DPP4 inhibitors (6.3 events
per 1000 person-years; hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% CI 0.68-0.85; absolute
difference -1.5 [-2.1 to -0.9] events per 1000 person-years). Use of
GLP1-receptor-agonists was associated with a significantly lower risk of renal
replacement therapy (HR 0.73 [0.62-0.87]) and hospitalization for renal events
(HR 0.73 [0.65-0.83]) but not death from renal causes (HR 0.72 [0.48-1.10]). When
using an as-treated exposure definition in which patients were censored at
treatment cessation or switch to the other study drug, the HR for the primary
outcome was 0.60 (0.49-0.74).

Conclusion

In this large cohort of
patients seen in routine clinical practice in three countries, use of
GLP1-receptor-agonists, as compared with DPP4 inhibitors, was associated with a
reduced risk of serious renal events.
Atomic simulation of irradiation of Cu film using femtosecond laser with different pulse durations
Authors: Xie Jiawang , Yan Jianfeng , Zhu Dezhi
Published: April 2020

It is necessary to understand the light-matter interaction for application of femtosecond laser micro/nanoprocessing. In this work, the authors investigated the melting and disintegration behavior of a Cu film irradiated by a femtosecond laser with different pulse durations in the range of 35–500 fs by using a combined two temperature model (TTM) and molecular dynamics (MD) method. On the basis of TTM-MD, the temperature and stress evolution of the Cu film were analyzed. The result indicated that the Cu film disintegrates when the pulse duration is shorter than 100 fs but melts at a pulse duration of 200 fs. The photomechanical and thermomechanical evolutions induced by the femtosecond laser were also analyzed. The stress wave and increasing temperature were the main reasons for film disintegration and vibration. The snapshots of the Cu film indicate the melting and disintegration processes on an atomic scale. It shows that the melting occurs homogeneously, whereas the disintegration occurs at the center of the film. These results are helpful to understand the mechanism of femtosecond laser materials ablation.
Adaptation Proposed Methods for Handling Imbalanced Datasets based on Over-Sampling Technique
Authors: Shoohi Liqaa M. , Saud Jamila H.
Published: April 2020

Classification of imbalanced data is an important issue. Many algorithms have been developed for classification, such as Back Propagation (BP) neural networks, decision tree, Bayesian networks etc., and have been used repeatedly in many fields. These algorithms speak of the problem of imbalanced data, where there are situations that belong to more classes than others. Imbalanced data result in poor performance and bias to a class without other classes. In this paper, we proposed three techniques based on the Over-Sampling (O.S.) technique for processing imbalanced dataset and redistributing it and converting it into balanced dataset. These techniques are (Improved Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (Improved SMOTE),  Borderline-SMOTE + Imbalanced Ratio(IR), Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN) +IR) Algorithm, where the work these techniques are generate the synthetic samples for the minority class to achieve balance between minority and majority classes and then calculate the IR between classes of minority and majority. Experimental results show ImprovedSMOTE algorithm outperform the Borderline-SMOTE + IR and ADASYN + IR algorithms because it achieves a high balance between minority and majority classes.
The Effect of The Extremes Heat Waves on Mortality Rates in Baghdad During the Period (2004-2018)
Authors: Hassan Zahraa Mousa , Al-Jiboori Monim H. , Al-Abassi Hazima M.
Published: April 2020

In a previous couple of decades, serious heatwaves were illustrative of the climate conditions in different pieces of the world. They had unmistakably negative effects on people, plants, creatures, and distinctive monetary segments. Especially in urban areas, where most people are living, their prosperity, productivity and wellbeing were influenced, which even caused a generally high death rate. This is the reason an enormous intrigue still exists to analyze heat waves in the past by utilization of measurable strategies. As an examination on heatwaves isn't accessible for the domain of Baghdad city up to now, a review examination was directed. Its primary points were (1) to decide the recurrence of heatwave scenes for this nation and (2) to analyze their spatiotemporal dissemination, term, and force. Based on Baghdad city, from the Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology and Ministry of Health day by day estimations of most extreme air temperature (Tmax) in summer months (June to August) were utilized to decide heatwave scenes as indicated by the definition prescribed by the IPCC. For all stations, total and dependable Tmax time arrangements were accessible for the period 2004–2018 concerning a few stations. We tried the 95th thresholds percentile. The extra wave impacts were assessed utilizing a one-stage model to guarantee that their belongings were evaluated subsequent to expelling the general impact of temperature.
Experiencias del profesorado acerca del aprendizaje autónomo en estudiantes de modalidad a distancia y el uso de recursos digitales
Authors: Peinado Camacho José de Jesús
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue documentar experiencias del aprendizaje autónomo desde la perspectiva de los profesores de educación a distancia. La metodología que se utilizó fue cualitativa. La investigación fue no experimental con diseño transversal y exploratorio. Se seleccionó el estudio de caso como técnica para obtener la información. La muestra fue no probabilística y heterogénea. Los resultados de la investigación proponen que los profesores fomentan el aprendizaje autónomo al permitir que los alumnos intervengan en la construcción de procedimientos y recursos para alcanzar el propósito y las habilidades planteadas en una actividad específica, de esta manera el estudiante toma conciencia sobre sus decisiones para dirigir y regular su propio aprendizaje. Promover el pensamiento crítico y reflexivo, permitir la autodirección y la autorregulación, aumentar el aprendizaje significativo y emplear habilidades metacognitivas son algunas de las ventajas que los docentes entrevistados perciben al momento de desarrollar el aprendizaje autónomo en los alumnos.
PESQUISADOR DIGITAL: ANÁLISE DE COMPETÊNCIAS E REALIDADE BIBLIOMÉTRICA
Authors: Fukunaga Fernando , Rosa Dias Julio , Ferreira Mariana , Trevisan Leonardo , Marangoni Matheus
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi contribuir para aumento da estrutura de conhecimento do campo de gestão de carreira do pesquisador das ciências sociais aplicadas atuante no contexto da pesquisa na era digital, mapeando e identificando as novas competências requeridas, as práticas vivenciadas e as ferramentas digitais utilizadas nas diversas etapas do processo de pesquisa acadêmica. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura no campo da pesquisa na era digital, no período de 2013 a 2018. Os resultados refletem três categorias: um conjunto de novas competências hard e soft para o pesquisador digital emanadas das diversas variáveis da era digital, um conjunto de práticas colaborativas e de interação antes desconhecidas pela pesquisa tradicional, e um conjunto de ferramentas digitais que apoiam as práticas e o processo de pesquisa na era digital e finalmente estratégias para desenvolvimento e aplicação de competências, práticas e ferramentas digitais pelos pesquisadores. Pesquisador digital está apenas nascendo, há campo vasto para ser explorado no que tende a sua carreira e competências e como ele faz uso das ferramentas digitais e da colaboração para produzir conhecimento relevante.
How I met St Peregrine
Authors: Partsch Hugo
Published: April 2020

Based on the historic reports about the life of Peregrine Laziosi (1265-1345) and a post-mortem examination 638 years after his death, the most probable diagnosis in this case was a venous ulcer on his right leg. As an act of penance, he did not lie down but stood in an upright position, praying to God for most of his adult life. Therefore he developed swollen legs and one extremity exulcerated. This is the typical story of a venous stasis ulcer. When the doctor came to amputate the leg the wound was healed (maybe due to excellent compression therapy performed by an angel, as demonstrated in many pictures and statues showing the miracle of St. Peregrine) (Canonization 1726). Cancer seems rather improbable based on the autopsy performed more than 600 years later and on the high age of Peregrine at his death. This case report from the middle ages is discussed concerning pathophysiology, prevention and therapy of stasis ulcers and some historic implications for todays practice are reported. Without any doubt St. Peregrine deserves more publicity, not only for the patients with leg ulcers, but also for the medical staff treating ulcer patients and how the fate of St. Peregrine can be prevented.