bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the Human Biceps Brachii Tendon and Coracoglenoid Ligament (7th-12th Week of Development)
Authors: de la Cuadra-Blanco Crótida , Arráez-Aybar Luis A. , Murillo-González Jorge A. , Herrera-Lara Manuel E. , Mérida-Velasco Juan A. , Mérida-Velasco José R.
Published: February 2017

The goal of this study is to clarify the development of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon (LHBT) and to verify the existence and development of the coracoglenoid ligament. Histological preparations of 22 human embryos (7-8 weeks of development) and 43 human fetuses (9-12 weeks of development) were studied bilaterally using a conventional optical microscope. The articular interzone gives rise to the LHBT, glenoid labrum, and articular capsule. During the fetal period, it was observed that in 50 cases (58%), the LHBT originated from both the glenoid labrum and the scapula, while in 36 cases (42%), it originated only from the glenoid labrum. The coracoglenoid ligament, first described by Sappey in 1867, is a constant structure that originates at the base of the coracoid process and projects toward the glenoid labrum zone, which is related to the origin of the LHBT. The coracoglenoid ligament was more easily identifiable in the 36 cases in which the LHBT originated only from the glenoid labrum. We suggest that the coracoglenoid ligament is a constant anatomical structure, is not derived from the articular interzone unlike the LHBT, and contributes to the fixation of the glenoid labrum in the scapula in cases in which the LHBT originated only from the glenoid labrum. We postulate that, when the LHBT is fixed only at the glenoid labrum, alterations in the coracoglenoid ligament could lead to a less sufficient attachment of the glenoid labrum to the scapula which could predispose to a superior labral lesion.
Wirksamkeit ambulanter Verhaltenstherapie bei Substanzstörungen und abhängigen Verhaltensweisen - Evaluation einer Spezialambulanz
Authors: Helbig Friederike , Pixa Anja , Bühringer Gerhard , Hoyer Jürgen
Published: February 2017

Hintergrund: Die Psychotherapierichtlinien ermöglichen erst seit 2011 unter bestimmten Bedingungen eine ambulante psychotherapeutische Behandlung bei Substanzstörungen. Empirische Ergebnisse zu diagnostischen Charakteristika der auf dieser Grundlage behandelten Patienten und zu Erfolgsraten fehlen weitgehend. Methoden: Wir untersuchten N = 59 konsekutive Patienten einer Spezialambulanz, von denen n = 34 eine Behandlung begannen (Intent-to-Treat(ITT)-Stichprobe) und n = 28 sie abschlossen (Completer), mit standardisierten diagnostischen Interviews und ermittelten die Erfolgsraten nach ambulanter Kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie (Einzeltherapie) auf der Basis von Symptomskalen (Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI); Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)) sowie Patienten- und Therapeuten-Ratings, einschließlich einer klinischen Beurteilung der Abstinenz. Ergebnisse: 40% aller anfragenden Patienten nahmen keine Psychotherapie auf. Bei den behandelten Patienten kam es zu signifikanten Veränderungen (ITT-Analysen: d = 0,8 (BSI) bis d = 1,2 (BDI)). Mehr als zwei Drittel der Patienten erreichten eine klinisch relevante Verbesserung der Symptomatik gemäß Patienten- oder Therapeutenbeurteilungen (zwischen 68 und 76%, ITT-Stichprobe). Alle Completer mit Abhängigkeitssyndrom (n = 11) sowie 86% der diesbezüglichen ITT-Stichprobe erreichten zumindest unter der Behandlung eine Abstinenz. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Erfolgsraten bei Patienten, die die Therapie abschließen, sind gut. Sie sprechen für den Nutzen des ambulanten Settings.
The Clinical Significance of Alpha-Fetoprotein mRNAs in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kobayashi Shogo , Tomokuni Akira , Takahashi Hidenori , Akita Hirofumi , Sugimura Keijiro , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Moon Jeong Ho , Yasui Masayoshi , Omori Takeshi , Ohue Masayuki , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki , Yano Masahiko , Sakon Masato
Published: February 2017

Background/Aims: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA-expressing cells are candidates for circulating tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. We analyzed portal vein blood, peripheral blood, and peritoneal lavage samples to detect the presence of AFP mRNA-expressing cells, and explored their relationship with metastasis. Methods: We measured the AFP mRNA expression in 112 sets of portal vein and peripheral blood samples and 61 peritoneal lavage samples that had been obtained during surgery. We estimated the change in the positive ratio of patients with AFP mRNA, the associated background factors, and the rate of recurrence. Results: The change in AFP mRNA positivity in the peripheral blood specimens was remarkable, while that in the portal vein blood and peritoneal lavage samples was similar during hepatectomy. Tumor location was the only factor associated with AFP mRNA positivity. The rate of recurrence was higher in the patients who were positive for AFP mRNA than in those who were negative 9-24 months after hepatectomy. During this limited period, the recurrence rate in the AFP mRNA-positive cases was significantly higher than that in the AFP mRNA-negative cases (p = 0.0472). Postoperative AFP mRNA positivity was not related to very early recurrence (0-9 months) or multicentric liver carcinogenesis (>24 months). Conclusion: AFP mRNA positivity in the peripheral blood was elevated after hepatectomy, and the elevation depended on the tumor location. AFP mRNA positivity might contribute to recurrence-free survival 9-24 months after hepatectomy.
Putative Effects of Obesity on Linear Growth and Puberty
Authors: Shalitin Shlomit , Kiess Wieland
Published: February 2017

Childhood obesity is a major public health problem that has grown to epidemic proportions throughout the world. Obesity is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The nutritional status plays an important role in growth and body weight regulation. Excess adiposity during childhood can affect the process of growth and puberty. Obese children are frequently tall for their age, with accelerated epiphyseal growth plate maturation despite low growth hormone levels. Several regulatory hormones may affect the process of linear growth in the constellation of obesity, as high levels of insulin and leptin are observed in obese children. Leptin can act as a skeletal growth factor, with a direct effect on skeletal growth centers. The finding that overweight children, especially girls, tend to mature earlier than lean children has led to the hypothesis that the degree of body fatness may trigger the neuroendocrine events that lead to the onset of puberty. Leptin receptors have been identified in the hypothalamus, as well as in gonadotrope cells, ovarian follicular cells, and Leydig cells. The increased leptin and androgen levels seen in obese children may be implicated in their earlier onset of puberty and accelerated pubertal growth. This review is focused on the interaction between childhood obesity and growth and pubertal processes.
Calciphylaxis Presenting with Various Symptoms: A Case Report
Authors: Miura Shinpei , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Akasaka Toshihide
Published: February 2017

Calciphylaxis causes ischemia in multiple organs and skin ulcers owing to progressive calcification in small and medial arteries. It has a poor prognosis and often occurs in patients with hyperparathyroidism associated with end-stage renal failure and those undergoing hemodialysis. Here, we present a case of calciphylaxis associated with a wide range of symptoms, including lower thigh skin ulcers, a rectovaginal fistula, and femoral neck fracture. The patient underwent multiple treatments. However, she eventually died of cardiac failure.
Clinicopathology of Early Gastric Carcinoma: An Update for Pathologists and Gastroenterologists
Authors: Huang Qin , Zou Xiaoping
Published: February 2017

Background: The WHO defines early gastric carcinoma (EGC) as invasive carcinoma up to the submucosal layer, regardless of nodal metastasis. The recent study results indicate that EGC varies in location, histology, nodal metastasis, and prognosis. Summary: The heterogeneity in EGC may be related to various types of epithelial stem cells. The most important stem cells include Lgr5+ cells at the base of a gastric unit in the antrum-pylorus-cardia, Mist1+ cells at the isthmus/Troy+ cells at the base in the corpus-fundus, and Sox2+ cells at the base in almost all regions. Dysregulation of these cells along with environmental factors transform stem cells in different regions into malignancy in genetically susceptible populations. Key Message: The 2 most vulnerable regions for EGC have been found along the lesser curvature: the cardia in elderly patients and antrum-angularis in mid-aged and elderly patients. Most hereditary early-onset gastric carcinomas are concentrated in the corpus-fundus of young women. By histology, the most common EGC type is tubular adenocarcinoma in many growth patterns, starting in the neck of a gastric unit. Worse prognosis has been found in early papillary, compared to tubular, adenocarcinoma, related to deeper penetration, more lymphovascular invasion, and more liver and nodal metastases. Contrary to the common belief, intramucosal signet ring cell carcinoma demonstrates low risk of nodal metastasis, comparable to early intestinal-type EGC. Practical Implications: The overall risk for nodal metastasis in EGC is low but significant. It is urgent to organize multicenter studies on risk of nodal metastasis in EGC in order to establish more reliable clinical practice guidelines to treat EGC patients.
Two Moroccan Sisters Presenting with a Severe Salt-Wasting Form of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia but Normal Female Genitalia
Authors: Scaramuzzo Rosa T. , Menabò Soara , Baldazzi Lilia , Moscuzza Francesca , Saba Alessandro , Balsamo Antonio , Boldrini Antonio , Ghirri Paolo
Published: February 2017

We report the case of 2 sisters (46,XX) born from consanguineous Moroccan parents. Both sisters had normal female genitalia, but within 2 weeks after birth, they presented with a severe salt-wasting crisis. Hormonal investigations suggested the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which was confirmed by subsequent molecular analysis to be caused by 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 deficiency. Here, we discuss the main features like onset, possible complications, genetics, and replacement therapy of this rare disease.
A Calcium-Deficient Diet in Rat Dams during Gestation Decreases HOMA-β% in 3 Generations of Offspring
Authors: Takaya Junji , Yamanouchi Sohsaku , Tanabe Yuko , Kaneko Kazunari
Published: February 2017

Background: Prenatal malnutrition can affect the phenotype of offspring by altering epigenetic regulation. Calcium (Ca) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance syndrome. Aims: We hypothesized that a Ca-deficient diet during pregnancy would alter insulin resistance and secretion in more than 1 generation of offspring. Methods: Female Wistar rats consumed either a Ca-deficient or a control diet ad libitum from 3 weeks before conception to 21 days after parturition and were mated with control males. Randomly selected F1 and F2 females were mated with males of each generation on postnatal day 70. The F1 and F2 dams were fed a control diet ad libitum during pregnancy and lactation. All offspring were fed a control diet starting at the time of weaning and were sacrificed on day 180. Results: HOMA-β% decreased in F1 through F3, and levels in F2 and F3 males and females were significantly lower than in controls. The mean levels of insulin and HOMA-IR were higher in F1 males but lower in F3 males than in control males. The HOMA-IR did not differ between any of the female offspring and controls. Conclusions: Maternal Ca restriction during pregnancy and/or lactation influences insulin secretion in 3 generations of offspring.
The Safety of Laryngeal Mask Airway-Assisted Bronchoscopy versus Standard Nasal Bronchoscopy
Authors: Alon Daniel , Pertzov Barak , Gershman Evgeni , Frishman Miryam , Rahman Nader Abdel , Rosengarten Dror , Kramer Mordechai R.
Published: February 2017

Background: The use of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for fiberoptic bronchoscopy was first described in 1982. The LMA was found to be beneficial in operator view, flexibility, and also in maintaining stable oxygen saturation. Despite its advantages, the use of LMA has not become widespread. Objective: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the safety of LMA-assisted bronchoscopy compared to standard nasal bronchoscopy. Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized trial. The study group included 105 patients prospectively randomized to undergo either LMA-assisted (53 patients) or standard nasal bronchoscopy (52 patients). The data collected included continuous monitoring of respiratory and hemodynamic parameters and medication doses. Results: The LMA group had a significantly lower percentage of desaturation (pulse oximetry saturation [SpO2] <88%) events compared to the non-LMA (NLMA) group (37 vs. 63.4%; p = 0.008). The median percentage of time with SpO2 >88%, from the total procedure time, was 100% (IQR 98-100) in the LMA group and 98% (IQR 96-98) in the NLMA group (p = 0.003). Sedation in the LMA group required significantly higher doses of propofol (p < 0.001). The mean systolic blood pressure values were significantly lower in the LMA group, but this difference did not result in a higher percentage of clinically significant hypotension. Conclusion: The use of LMA allows for better airway support, stable oxygen saturation, and a more convenient port of entry during flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. These results, together with the known advantages of the laryngeal mask, should lead to more widespread use in the evolving field of interventional pulmonology, in particular in high-risk patients and complicated procedures.
Radiation Exposure during Neurointerventional Procedures in Modern Biplane Angiographic Systems: A Single-Site Experience
Authors: Hassan Ameer E. , Amelot Sophie
Published: February 2017

Background and Purpose: Per the ALARA principle, reducing the dose delivered to both patients and staff must be a priority for endovascular therapists, who should monitor their own practice. We evaluated patient exposure to radiation during common neurointerventions performed with a recent flat-panel detector angiographic system and compared our results with those of recently published studies. Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent a diagnostic cerebral angiography or intervention on 2 modern flat-panel detector angiographic biplane systems (Innova IGS 630, GE Healthcare, Chalfont St Giles, UK) from February to November 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Dose-area product (DAP), cumulative air kerma (CAK) per plane, fluoroscopy time (FT), and total number of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) frames were collected, reported as median (interquartile range), and compared with the previously published literature. Results: A total of 755 consecutive cases were assessed in our institution during the study period, including 398 diagnostic cerebral angiographies and 357 interventions. The DAP (Gy × cm2), fontal and lateral CAK (Gy), FT (min), and total number of DSA frames were as follows: 43 (33-60), 0.26 (0.19-0.33), 0.09 (0.07-0.13), 5.6 (4.2-7.5), and 245 (193-314) for diagnostic cerebral angiographies, and 66 (41-110), 0.46 (0.25-0.80), 0.18 (0.10-0.30), 18.3 (9.1-30.2), and 281 (184-427) for interventions. Conclusion: Our diagnostic cerebral angiography group had a lower median and was in the 75th percentile of DAP and FT when compared with the published literature. For interventions, both DAP and number of DSA frames were significantly lower than the values reported in the literature, despite a higher FT. Subgroup analysis by procedure type also revealed a lower or comparable DAP.
Severe, Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans Associated with Adenocarcinoma of the Endometrium in a Young Obese Female
Authors: Deen Jacqueline , Moloney Thomas , Burdon-Jones David
Published: February 2017

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a dermatopathy associated with insulin-resistance, drugs, endocrine disorders, chromosomal abnormalities (benign AN), and neoplasia (malignant AN). Malignant AN (MAN) is a rare paraneoplastic skin syndrome most commonly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma and other intra-abdominal malignancies. We report the case of a 28-year-old female with AN associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and endometrial adenocarcinoma. Although rare, MAN is often an initial sign of malignancy and must trigger extensive investigation, particularly in patients with sudden development of possibly paraneoplastic dermatoses or in patients diagnosed with benign AN with any atypical features.
Renal Function and Scaled Troponin in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Symptoms of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Vasudevan Anupama , Singer Adam J. , DeFilippi Christopher , Headden Gary , Schussler Jeffrey M. , Daniels Lori B. , Reed Michael , Than Martin P. , Birkhahn Robert , Smith Stephen W. , Barrett Tyler W. , Arnold William , Peacock W. Frank , McCullough Peter A.
Published: February 2017

Background: Cardiac troponins are often found to be elevated in patients with renal dysfunction, even in the absence of acute myocardial injury. The objective of this report was to characterize the scaled troponin values and proportion of adjudicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among patients with and without renal dysfunction. Methods: The data was from a multicenter prospective study including patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms of AMI. Troponin measurements were standardized across various assays by calculating the observed results as multiples of the assay-specific 99th percentile upper limit of normal. Patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; calculated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were considered to have renal dysfunction. Results: Of 430 included patients, 249 (58%) were male and 181 (42%) were female, with a mean age of 55.9 ± 12.3 and 57.3 ± 12.8 years, respectively. Eighty-seven (20.2%) had renal dysfunction. The proportions of patients with at least one scaled troponin value above the 99th percentile cut-off point among patients with and without renal dysfunction were 40 (45.9%) and 81 (23.6%) respectively (p < 0.001). The proportions of patients with an adjudicated diagnosis of AMI among those with and without renal dysfunction were 20.7 and 18.7%, respectively (p = 0.67). Using scaled troponins, by the second test there was >5X and by the third test >15X separation in the excursion of troponin among those with AMI compared to those without. Conclusions: One or more elevated troponin values are common in those with renal dysfunction. Scaled troponins for eGFR groups were similar, indicating that the use of this interpretative technique is applicable in discerning AMI for those with and without renal dysfunction.
Paramedian Thalamic Ischemic Infarction: A Retrospective Clinical Observation
Authors: Lin Guoliang , Zhang Xiong , Hu Beilei , Zou Ming , Chen Songfang , Gong Yuqiang , Cheng Bihuan , He Zhiyong
Published: February 2017

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the clinical features in patients with bilateral and unilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts. Methods: Twenty-one patients with paramedian thalamic infarcts were included, and their case records were reviewed. We focused on the patients' neuroimaging and neurological symptoms including the duration of coma, vertical gaze palsy, and memory impairment. The causes of bilateral and unilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts were also investigated. Result: Nine patients had bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts and 12 patients had unilateral lesions. As an initial symptom, coma had occurred in 5 patients with bilateral lesions and 4 patients with unilateral lesions. Bilateral vertical gaze palsy and memory impairment were found in both groups. Most of them recovered well, except 1 patient who died due to bilateral thalamic paramedian infarction. Conclusions: Our results show that both bilateral and unilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts can cause coma, vertical gaze palsy, and memory impairment. This may promote our understanding of paramedian thalamic infarction.
Up-Regulated ATF4 Expression Increases Cell Sensitivity to Apoptosis in Response to Radiation
Authors: Zong Ying , Feng Shijie , Cheng Jinwei , Yu Chenlin , Lu Guocai
Published: February 2017

Background/Aims: Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a member of the activating transcription factor family which regulates the expression of genes involved in amino acid metabolism, redox homeostasis and ER stress responses. ATF4 is also over-expressed in human solid tumors, although its effect on responsiveness to radiation is largely unexplored. Methods: Real-time PCR was used to detect ATF4 mRNA levels in cells treated with different doses of 60Coγ radiation. Cell viability was assayed using a cell counting kit. The cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry, and cell apoptosis was assayed using Annexin V-PI double labeling. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against ATF4 was transfected into ECV304 cells using Lipofectamine 2000. An ATF4 over-expression plasmid (p-ATF4-CGN) was transfected into HEK293 cells that endogenously expressed low levels of ATF4. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using CM-H2DCFDA as a probe. Results: ATF4 mRNA and protein expression levels were higher after radiation and increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner in AHH1 lymphoblast cells (P < 0.05). An increase in ATF4 levels was also observed after radiation in primary murine spleen cells, human endothelial ECV304 cells, human liver LO2 cells, breast cancer MCF7 cells, and human hepatocellular carcinoma HEPG2 cells. No change was observed in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Over-expressing ATF4 in HEK293 cells inhibited cell proliferation, increased cell apoptosis and significantly increased the proportion of cells in G1 phase. Conversely, when ATF4 expression was knocked down using siRNA in ECV304 cells, it protected the cells from radiation-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that ATF4 may play a role in radiation-induced cell killing by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis. Conclusions: In this study, we found that radiation up-regulated the expression of ATF4. We used ATF4 knockdown and over-expression systems to show that ATF4 may play a role in radiation-induced cellular apoptosis.
Origem e evolução da imagem de Caronte na Grécia Antiga: análise de iconografia
Authors: Drigo Jasmim
Published: February 2017

Diferentes representações de uma divindade ctônica parecem apontar para diferentes concepções de morte, e as diferenças nas representações de Caronte corroboram essa perspectiva. Os lécitos de fundo branco apresentam um barqueiro bem distinto dos vasos de figuras negras, o que leva a crer que cada tipo de iconografia tinha sua própria função religiosa e social.
A ekphrasis das armas de Aquiles na obra Pós-homérica de Quinto de Esmirna
Authors: Pasqual Erika Mayara
Published: February 2017

O estudo apresenta uma tradução comentada da ekphrasis das armas de Aquiles, situada no Livro V (vv. 6–120) da epopeia Pós-Homérica de Quinto de Esmirna, composta no Período Imperial entre os séculos III e IV d.C. Querendo se inserir na tradição épica, especificamente “ser como Homero”, Quinto busca aproximar-se e, ao mesmo tempo, inovar-se em relação ao que é narrado nas obras homéricas. À vista disso, comparo em notas as descrições das armas feitas no Livro V com a mesma cena presente na Ilíada XVIII 478–613, a fim de expor as semelhanças e as diferenças entre as duas obras.
Fronésio vs. Selênio: a meretrix plautina
Authors: Ferreira Caroline Barbosa Faria
Published: February 2017

Neste trabalho analisaremos duas das principais meretrizes do teatro plautino, Fronésio, da peça O truculento, e Selênio, da peça Comédia da cestinha, a fim de observar como essa personagem é construída pelo autor. Para tanto, analisaremos o discurso das meretrizes e também as falas de outras personagens que se referem a elas. A análise será estruturada de acordo com o conceito de ethos discursivo, situado no âmbito da Análise do Discurso Francesa, desenvolvido por Dominique Maingueneau a partir da noção de ethos retórico.
Youngest representative of the extinct genus Microphorites in the Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Microphorinae)
Authors: BRAMUZZO SIMONE , NEL ANDRÉ
Published: February 2017

Prior to the present study, seven species of the fossil microphorine (Dolichopodidae s. lat.) genus Microphorites Hennig, 1971 have been described: Microphorites extinctus Hennig, 1971 (type species), M. oculeus Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999, and M. similis Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999 (all from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber), M. deploegi Nel et al., 2004 (from the Early Cretaceous of France), M. utrillensis Peñalver, 2008 (from the Early Cretaceous amber of Spain), M. magaliae Perrichot & Engel, 2014 (from the Late Cretaceous amber of France), M. moravicus Tkoč et al., 2016 (possibly from the Paleogene amber of Moravia) (Hennig 1971; Grimaldi & Cumming 1999; Nel et al. 2004; Arillo et al. 2008; Perrichot & Engel 2014; Tkoč et al. 2016). Based on the dating of these amber species, Microphorites could be among the rare insect genera recorded from both the Cretaceous and the Paleogene. Here we describe Microphorites erikai sp. nov., first accurate Eocene Microphorites from the Oise amber (France), on the basis of a complete female specimen.
A new species and locality record for Pseudopsyra katydid (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae)
Authors: TAN MING KAI , DAWWRUENG PATTARAWICH , ARTCHAWAKOM TAKSIN
Published: February 2017

Pseudopsyra is a genus of Phaneropterinae katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), currently comprising of four species — two species each from southern China and Peninsular Malaysia (Hebard, 1922; Liu & Kang, 2006; Tan & Kamaruddin, 2013, 2014). The revision of Pseudopsyra by Liu & Kang (2006) provided a redescription of the genus, a new diagnosis and a key to known species. Subsequently, more surveys were conducted in Peninsular Malaysia and yield another species, representing the lowest latitudinal limits of this genus thus far (Tan & Kamaruddin, 2013). Continued surveys between the upper and lower latitudinal limits of the genus yield a new species: Pseudopsyra taksini sp. nov. from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Thailand. The orthopteran diversity at Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve remains understudied with numerous new species described recently, including other genus of Phaneropterinae (Tan & Artchawakom, 2014; Tan et al., 2015). With emphasis of using sexual parts for evidence of reproductive isolation in species delimitation, the discovery of a new species of Pseudopsyra also represents the first record of the genus from Thailand. It is not surprising that more undescribed species of Pseudopsyra can be found across the Indo-China region.
The Fate of the Southern Weddell Sea Continental Shelf in a Warming Climate
Authors: Hellmer Hartmut H. , Kauker Frank , Timmermann Ralph , Hattermann Tore
Published: February 2017

Warm water of open ocean origin on the continental shelf of the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas causes the highest basal melt rates reported for Antarctic ice shelves with severe consequences for the ice shelf/ice sheet dynamics. Ice shelves fringing the broad continental shelf in the Weddell and Ross Seas melt at rates orders of magnitude smaller. However, simulations using coupled ice–ocean models forced with the atmospheric output of the HadCM3 SRES-A1B scenario run (CO2 concentration in the atmosphere reaches 700 ppmv by the year 2100 and stays at that level for an additional 100 years) show that the circulation in the southern Weddell Sea changes during the twenty-first century. Derivatives of Circumpolar Deep Water are directed southward underneath the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf, warming the cavity and dramatically increasing basal melting. To find out whether the open ocean will always continue to power the melting, the authors extend their simulations, applying twentieth-century atmospheric forcing, both alone and together with prescribed basal mass flux at the end of (or during) the SRES-A1B scenario run. The results identify a tipping point in the southern Weddell Sea: once warm water flushes the ice shelf cavity a positive meltwater feedback enhances the shelf circulation and the onshore transport of open ocean heat. The process is irreversible with a recurrence to twentieth-century atmospheric forcing and can only be halted through prescribing a return to twentieth-century basal melt rates. This finding might have strong implications for the stability of the Antarctic ice sheet.
Mapping Tourism Stakeholders’ Weather and Climate Information-Seeking Behavior in Fiji
Authors: Nalau J. , Becken S. , Noakes S. , Mackey B.
Published: February 2017

Tourism is inherently dependent on weather and climate, and its sustainability and resilience to adverse weather and climate impacts is greatly enhanced by providing tailored climate services to tourism sector stakeholders. Climate services need to integrate standard weather forecasts, with early warning systems, seasonal forecasts, and long-term projections of climatic changes in order to meet the information needs of the sector. While a growing number of studies address the potential climate change impacts on tourism, little is known about how the tourism sector accesses, uses, and analyses the available weather and climate information.

This research presents findings from an exploratory study on weather and climate information-seeking behavior of 15 private and public tourism sector stakeholders in the Republic of Fiji. The results show a variety of weather and climate information-seeking paths in use, which differ depending on levels of professional responsibility, weather and climate literacy, and information and digital competency. Those with high weather information literacy access a broader variety of sources. Hence, their interpretation does not focus only on their own location, but “weather” is seen as a broad spatial phenomenon that might or might not result in adverse effects in their location. Understanding diverse weather and climate information-seeking paths can aid in better targeting climate and adaptation services across different stakeholder groups. Especially in the context of small island developing states (SIDS), the integration of traditional, local, and scientific knowledge as information sources is likely to provide a more useful and context-specific basis for climate adaptation planning within the sector.
Displaced in Place
Authors: Sullivan Esther
Published: February 2017

This article examines housing insecurity within manufactured housing—the single largest source of unsubsidized affordable housing in the United States, home to about 18 million low-income residents. A large portion of manufactured housing is installed in mobile home parks, which can legally close at any time, displacing entire communities. Based on two years living within and being evicted from closing mobile home parks in two states, this comparative ethnography of mass eviction juxtaposes sites of distinctive state practices for managing the forced relocation of park residents. I analyze the experience of eviction in Florida, a site of explicit intervention and “model” legislation for mobile home park closures, in light of the experience in Texas, where the state has adopted a hands-off approach. I describe the paradoxical effects of Florida’s protective, yet market-oriented, state housing interventions, which produced both a cottage industry of mobile home relocation services and a more protracted, pernicious eviction for displaced residents. I outline the specific mechanisms through which this paradox of state intervention occurred and consider the implications not only for mobile home parks but also for a variety of other state programs that are currently being delivered through an adaptive reliance on the private sector.
The role of peri-traumatic stress and disruption distress in predicting symptoms of major depression following exposure to a natural disaster
Authors: Bell Caroline J , Boden Joseph M , Horwood L John , Mulder Roger T
Published: February 2017

Objective:

Few studies have examined the contribution of specific disaster-related experiences to symptoms of depression. The aims of this study were to do this by examining the roles of peri-traumatic stress and distress due to lingering disaster-related disruption in explaining linkages between disaster exposure and major depressive disorder symptoms among a cohort exposed to the 2010–2011 Canterbury (New Zealand) earthquakes.

Methods:

Structural equation models were fitted to data obtained from the Christchurch Health and Development Study at age 35 ( n = 495), 20–24 months following the onset of the disaster. Measures included earthquake exposure, peri-traumatic stress, disruption distress and symptoms of major depressive disorder.

Results:

The associations between earthquake exposure and major depression were explained largely by the experience of peri-traumatic stress during the earthquakes (β = 0.180, p < 0.01) and not by disruption distress following the earthquakes (β = 0.048, p = 0.47).

Conclusion:

The results suggest that peri-traumatic stress has been under-recognised as a predictor of major depressive disorder.
The Broken Hill Psychopathology Project
Authors: Yellowlees Peter M. , Kaushik Anil V.
Published: February 2017

The main objective of this study was to describe the psychiatric disorders seen in patients presenting for treatment in rural New South Wales. The patients were seen primarily in the community, in both public and private practice, but also in the local base hospital and prison. Seven hundred and seven patients were consecutively examined during the study period. The results of this study were compared with a previous Australia-wide study to identify specific disorders that were more prevalent in rural areas. Alcohol abuse and dependence stood out as being much more prevalent. Life problems such as domestic violence, sexual assault, and incest occurred commonly in women referred for psychiatric assessment. More than ten percent of the study patients were children aged under 17, who had similar prevalence rates of the various psychiatric disorders to a national comparison.

It is concluded that alcohol abuse is very common in rural New South Wales, particularly in men, although there are also high rates in women, and this is probably related, in part at least, to the high rates of domestic violence, sexual assault and incest. It appears probable that there is a cycle of alcohol abuse in men leading to domestic violence and sexual abuse in women and children. This may contribute to the latter becoming anxious and depressed. The rates of the major functional psychiatric disorders were similar to those seen nationally. There is a great need for the maldistribution of psychiatrists between metropolitan and rural areas to be addressed.
The Relationship between Risk Factors for Affective Disorder and Poststroke Depression in Hospitalised Stroke Patients
Authors: Morris Philip L.P. , Robinson Robert G. , Raphael Beverley , Samuels Jack , Molloy Paul
Published: February 2017

The influence of psychiatric risk factors on the development of depression following stroke was examined in 88 patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. In this sample, 34 patients (38%) had a diagnosis of major or minor depression. Older age and a personal or family history of affective or anxiety disorder were associated significantly with major depression. Minor depression was more common among males and those patients with greater physical disability. Severity of depressive symptoms was associated with a personal or family history of affective or anxiety disorder and higher pre-stroke personality neuroticism. We conclude that certain psychiatric risk factors for affective disorder are strongly associated with poststroke depression. The implications of these findings for anticipating and managing poststroke depression are discussed.
Psychiatric Consultation in a Spinal Injuries Unit
Authors: Judd Fiona K. , Brown Douglas J.
Published: February 2017

The function of a consultation liaison service to a spinal injuries unit is described. Within this context, a study was conducted in which sociodemographic and clinical data were collected over a 4 year period for consecutive admissions to the unit. Data are presented for 227 patients admitted during this period. Forty-seven patients were found to have discrete psychiatric disorders (DSM III) which required treatment during the course of their inpatient care. For forty-two of these patients the psychiatric disorder first developed following spinal cord injury.
Immunological and Psychological Dysfunction in Patients Receiving Immunotherapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Hickie Ian , Lloyd Andrew , Wakefield Denis
Published: February 2017

Associations between immunological and psychological dysfunction in 33 patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) were examined before and in response to treatment in a double blind, placebo-controlled trial of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Only those patients who received active immunotherapy demonstrated a consistent pattern of correlations between improvement in depressive symptoms and markers of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). This finding lends some support to the hypothesis that depressive symptoms in patients with CFS occur secondary to, or share a common pathophysiology with, immunological dysfunction. This pattern and the lack of strong associations between depression and immunological disturbance prior to treatment are less supportive of the view that CFS is primarily a form of depressive disorder or that immunological dysfunction in patients with CFS is secondary to concurrent depression.
Predicting the Outcome of Schizophrenia Ten Years Later
Authors: Tsoi W.F. , Kua E.H.
Published: February 2017

A total of 407 new admissions to Woodbridge Hospital, Singapore in 1975 with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were examined 10 years later to determine which variables were predictive of outcome. Useful predictors were marital status, duration of illness and Feighner's diagnostic criteria. Fairly useful predictors were age, sex and educational status. Race, family history, suicidal behaviour, thought disorder, affective blunting, delusions and hallucinations were not useful for predicting long term prognosis.
Education on the Brain: A Partnership Between a Pediatric Primary Care Center and Neurology Residency
Authors: Zwemer Eric , Bernson-Leung Miya , Rea Corinna , Patel Archana A. , Guerriero Rejean , Urion David K. , Toomey Sara L.
Published: February 2017

The national shortage of pediatric neurologists is worsening, yet referral rates by pediatricians are high. Suboptimal training of pediatric residents in care of patients with neurologic disease may be a contributing factor. We formed a partnership between the Boston Children’s Primary Care at Longwood clinic and Child Neurology Residency Training Program. The educational intervention included lectures, observed neurologic examinations, in-person and virtual triage, and an electronic medical record–based consult system. Residents in other primary care clinics served as the comparison group. Intervention-group residents reported significantly improved confidence in diagnosis of chronic/recurrent headache, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and developmental delay; initial management of ADHD and developmental delay; and secondary management of ADHD, developmental delay, and concussion/traumatic brain injury. Comparison-group residents reported significantly improved confidence only in diagnosis of developmental delay. Our multipronged intervention is a promising approach to improving pediatric resident training in pediatric neurology and may be generalizable to subspecialty collaborations for other residency programs.
Does Acute Otitis Media in the First Month of Life Increase the Risk for Recurrent Otitis?
Authors: Megged Orli , Abdulgany Suzan , Bar-Meir Maskit
Published: February 2017

Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood illness. The aim of this study was to assess whether AOM in the first month of life predicts recurrent AOM (rAOM) in early childhood. The medical records of all neonates with AOM and isolation of bacterial pathogen from middle-ear fluid during 2005-2010 were reviewed. Neonates without AOM admitted during the same period for neonatal fever workup were included as controls. Information regarding rAOM and possible risk factors were collected through a phone interview with the parents. A total of 84 neonates with AOM were enrolled; 25 (30%) had rAOM compared with 8/79 (10%) in the control group. Neonatal AOM increases 4-fold the odds of rAOM later in childhood (odds ratio = 4; 95% CI = 1.44-11.42; P = .008), independent of smoke exposure, numbers of siblings, AOM in siblings, breastfeeding, day care attendance, or use of pacifier. Neonatal AOM is a significant risk factor for rAOM during infancy.
Designing Visual Aids That Promote Risk Literacy: A Systematic Review of Health Research and Evidence-Based Design Heuristics
Authors: Garcia-Retamero Rocio , Cokely Edward T.
Published: February 2017

Background

Effective risk communication is essential for informed decision making. Unfortunately, many people struggle to understand typical risk communications because they lack essential decision-making skills.

Objective

The aim of this study was to review the literature on the effect of numeracy on risk literacy, decision making, and health outcomes, and to evaluate the benefits of visual aids in risk communication.

Method

We present a conceptual framework describing the influence of numeracy on risk literacy, decision making, and health outcomes, followed by a systematic review of the benefits of visual aids in risk communication for people with different levels of numeracy and graph literacy. The systematic review covers scientific research published between January 1995 and April 2016, drawn from the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, Medline, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were investigation of the effect of numeracy and/or graph literacy, and investigation of the effect of visual aids or comparison of their effect with that of numerical information. Thirty-six publications met the criteria, providing data on 27,885 diverse participants from 60 countries.

Results

Transparent visual aids robustly improved risk understanding in diverse individuals by encouraging thorough deliberation, enhancing cognitive self-assessment, and reducing conceptual biases in memory. Improvements in risk understanding consistently produced beneficial changes in attitudes, behavioral intentions, trust, and healthy behaviors. Visual aids were found to be particularly beneficial for vulnerable and less skilled individuals.

Conclusion

Well-designed visual aids tend to be highly effective tools for improving informed decision making among diverse decision makers. We identify five categories of practical, evidence-based guidelines for heuristic evaluation and design of effective visual aids.
The dynamic relations between economic conditions and anti-immigrant sentiment: A natural experiment in times of the European economic crisis
Authors: Kuntz Anabel , Davidov Eldad , Semyonov Moshe
Published: February 2017

Theories on intergroup relations suggest that negative attitudes toward immigrants tend to rise when economic conditions deteriorate. However, these arguments were mostly tested during times of economic prosperity in Europe. We put this theoretical expectation to test by analyzing two rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS) with data from 14 West European immigration countries before (2006) and after (2010) the peak of the European economic crisis. Results show that anti-immigrant sentiments increased in countries where perceptions of economic insecurity also increased. Anti-immigrant sentiments decreased in countries where perceptions of economic insecurity declined. In contrast, changes in objective economic conditions (i.e. unemployment rates) during the same period of time did not display the expected effects in a similarly robust way.
Equality or unity? Black Consciousness, white solidarity, and the new South Africa in Nadine Gordimer’s Burger’s Daughter and July’s People
Authors: Powell Edward
Published: February 2017

In the early 1970s, the Black Consciousness movement called on black radicals to dissociate themselves from dissident white South Africans, who were accused of frustrating the anti-apartheid cause in order to safeguard their ill-gotten privileges. In turn, liberal whites condemned this separatism as a capitulation to apartheid’s vision of “separate development”, despite the movement’s avowed aspiration towards a nonracial South Africa. This article considers how black separatism affected Nadine Gordimer’s own perspective on the prospect of achieving this aspiration. For Gordimer, Black Consciousness was necessary for black liberation, and she sought ways of reconciling white dissidents with black separatism. Still, these efforts didn’t always sit well together with her continuing belief that if there were to be a place for whites in a majority-ruled South Africa, then they needed to join blacks in a “common culture”. I consider how this tension marks Gordimer’s portraits of whites responding to being rejected by blacks in Burger’s Daughter and July’s People. In both novels, white efforts to resist apartheid’s racial segregations appear to be at odds with black self-liberation, with the effect that whites must find a way of doing without the as-yet deferred prospect of establishing a “common culture” in South Africa.
Effects of heavy lightning strikes on pristine and repaired carbon composite structures
Authors: Wolfrum Johannes , Schuster Thomas J , Körwien Thomas
Published: February 2017

The effects of particularly heavy lightning strikes on representative carbon fibre reinforced plastics composite airframe structures, specifically with epoxy matrix systems, which are common within the aerospace industry, have been investigated in this study. The applied action integrals of the lightning strikes significantly exceed the requirements for airworthiness. All tests were performed with conventional prepreg materials and resin transfer moulding/non-crimp fabric materials with high lightning strike current ratings. The pristine panels exhibit major damage zones around the impact points. The results of non-destructive investigations show that the surface damage is predominantly superficial. Only small zones were considerably damaged where extensive repair was necessary. Carbon fibre reinforced plastics panels featuring repair patches were also investigated. Lightning strikes were placed above the scarf and the damage was analysed by various non-destructive investigation methods including micro-computed tomography. In contrast to the pristine panels, the repaired panels reveal different damage behaviour. The damaged zone on the surface was relatively small. In the tapered zone of the patch, electric flashovers between the patch and the base material were observed. Additional microscopy investigations show that these electric sparks also occur inside within the adhesive layers between the patch and the base material. After enhancing the electrical conductivity of the adhesive by adding carbon nanotubes, these difficult-to-detect electric sparks within the layers disappear.