bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gerência do Ciclo de Vida de VNFs e Implementação de Serviços Distribuídos na Rede
Authors: Venâncio Giovanni , Turchetti Rogério , Duarte Jr. Elias P.
Published: October 2019

A Virtualização de Funções de Rede oferece uma alternativa flexível para projetar e gerenciar serviços de rede. Neste trabalho foi proposta a arquitetura de um VNF Manager (VNFM) para o gerenciamento do ciclo de vida de VNFs. O VNFM simplifica as operações de gerência e permite a interoperabilidade entre plataformas NFV. A segunda contribuição propõe a VNF-Consensus, uma VNF que sincroniza consistentemente o plano de controle distribuído em uma rede SDN. A VNF desacopla os mecanismos de sincronização, evitando a sobrecarga nos controladores. Por fim, a última contribuição é o AnyBone, um backbone virtual com serviços de difusão confiável e ordenada de mensagens implementados na própria rede. O AnyBone garante a ordem das mensagens através de um sequenciador, também implementado como uma VNF.
A Monitoring and Threat Detection System Using Stream Processing as a Virtual Function for Big Data
Authors: Lopez Martin Andreoni , Duarte Otto Carlos M. B. , Pujolle Guy
Published: October 2019

The late detection of security threats causes a significant increase in the risk of irreparable damages, disabling any defense attempt. As a consequence, fast real-time threat detection is mandatory for security guarantees. In addition, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) provides new opportunities for efficient and low-cost security solutions. We propose a fast and efficient threat detection system based on stream processing and machine learning algorithms. The main contributions of this work are i) a novel monitoring threat detection system based on stream processing; ii) two datasets, first a dataset of synthetic security data containing both legitimate and malicious traffic, and the second, a week of real traffic of a telecommunications operator in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; iii) a data pre-processing algorithm, a normalizing algorithm and an algorithm for fast feature selection based on the correlation between variables; iv) a virtualized network function in an open-source platform for providing a real-time threat detection service; v) near-optimal placement of sensors through a proposed heuristic for strategically positioning sensors in the network infrastructure, with a minimum number of sensors; and, finally, vi) a greedy algorithm that allocates on demand a sequence of virtual network functions.
End-to-End Network Slices: From Network Function Profiles to Fine-Grained SLAs
Authors: Rosa Raphael Vicente , Rothenberg Christian Esteve
Published: October 2019

Towards end-to-end network slicing, diverse envisioned 5G services (eg, augmented reality, vehicular communications, IoT) Call for advanced multi-administrative domain service deployments, open challenges from vertical Agreement (SLA)-based orchestration hazards. Through different proposed methodologies and demonstrated prototypes, this work showcases: the automated extraction of network function profiles; the manners to analyze how such profiles compose programmable network slice footprints; and the means to perform fine-grained auditable SLAs for end-to-end network slicing among multiple administrative domains. Sustained on state-of-the-art networking concepts, this work presents contributions by detecting roots on standardization efforts and best-of-breed open source embodiments, each one standing prominent future work topics in shape of its shortcomings.
Análise Preliminar da Detecção de Ataques Ofuscados e do Uso de Hardware de Baixo Custo em um Sistema para Detecção de Ameaças
Authors: Oshiro Lucas Seiki , Batista Daniel Macêdo
Published: October 2019

Tráfego de rede transmitido a altas taxas traz como consequência a necessidade de mecanismos de segurança mais eficientes, já que analisar pacote por pacote antes de tomar uma ação torna-se uma tarefa custosa em termos de processamento. Uma forma de resolver esse problema é com o desenvolvimento e implantação de sistemas de detecção de ameaças que utilizem mecanismos de aprendizado de máquina para antecipar os ataques. Este artigo apresenta os resultados preliminares obtidos na tentativa de melhorar um sistema como esse por meio da análise de ataques automatizados que empregam ofuscação e por meio da avaliação de desempenho de uma unidade Raspberry Pi que poderá ser usada como nó de processamento no sistema melhorado.
Effectiveness of Implementing Load Balancing via SDN
Authors: Aguilar Leonardo C. F. P. , Batista Daniel Macêdo
Published: October 2019

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an architecture that allows the creation, management and customization of the network through programmable switches and centralized controllers via a well-defined protocol. Despite the wide dissemination of general advantages in using SDN, it is always important to evaluate the real advantages considering specific network applications. In line with this, the purpose of this work is to analyze the effectiveness of using SDN for load balancing by developing a balancer, made available as free software, that can execute three different algorithms, giving to the administrator the possibility to choose, at run time, which will be used as well as their configurations, and the possibility to implement new algorithms.
Uma abordagem para viabilizar experimentos in silico colaborativos
Authors: Jandre Eduardo , Diirr Bruna , Braganholo Vanessa
Published: October 2019

A ciência é uma atividade colaborativa por definição. A pesquisa científica é geralmente realizada por vários cientistas trabalhando juntos, e esse comportamento tem sido intensificado nas últimas décadas. Além disso, os experimentos são cada vez mais realizados in silico, o que exige ferramentas de suporte adequadas. Apesar de algumas abordagens tratarem da elaboração e análise de experimentos de forma colaborativa, elas exigem que os cientistas usem sistemas de gerência de workflow, ignorando o fato de muitos cientistas utilizarem scripts nas suas pesquisas. As ferramentas para execução de experimentos baseados em scripts normalmente apresentam suporte muito limitado a colaboração. Sendo assim, alguns cientistas acabam utilizando ferramentas de versionamento para colaborar nesse contexto. Apesar das ferramentas de versionamento tratarem diversos aspectos colaborativos da construção de scripts, elas são ferramentas voltadas para o desenvolvimento de software e estão preocupadas somente com a fase de composição do script, não tratando problemas específicos da pesquisa científica. Nesse trabalho apresentamos um projeto de pesquisa que visa a apoiar o cientista na condução de experimentos in silico baseados em script de forma colaborativa.
Incorporação de Aspectos de Colaboração no Dicionário da Língua Brasileira de Sinais: uma Análise da Viabilidade
Authors: Rosa de Freitas Lucas Eduardo , Diacui Medeiros Berkenbrock Carla , Sell Fabiola Sucupira Ferreira
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho propoe a realização de uma análise de viabilidade para promover colaboração no Dicionário da Língua Brasileira de Sinais V3 – 2011 (DLBS). Os resultados obtidos serao utilizados no desenvolvimento de um prototipo testado por surdos e ouvintes interessados em aprender a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS). A comunicação e um fator fundamental para a troca de sentimentos e conhecimento. A comunicação em estudo é a língua de sinais, que surge nas comunidades de pessoas surdas e acontece de forma visual-espacial e nao por meio da emissão de sons. Diversas ferramentas foram desenvolvidas com o objetivo de facilitar o aprendizado desta língua, como o DLBS. Contudo, em analise prévia ao DLBS percebe-se que a ferramenta não apresenta aspectos de colaboração, o que a torna estática reduzindo sua efetividade.
Avaliação da Aceitação de Tarefas Crowdsourcing: Uma Experiência do Usuário no Mundo Real
Authors: Pestana Maria Clara , Vieira Vaninha
Published: October 2019

Iniciativas crowdsourcing consideram a inteligência das pessoas para realizar tarefas resolvendo problemas difíceis para máquinas. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a aceitação dos usuários participantes de iniciativas crowdsourcing presentes em dispositivos móveis. A aceitação das tarefas por esses usuários vai depender da tarefa que lhes são alocadas, considerando aspectos do contexto em que o mesmo se encontra no momento em que recebe a tarefa. Será realizado um experimento que se aproxime do mundo real, avaliando usuários com problemas reais e utilizando aplicações crowdsourcing existentes.
Indicadores de comportamento para auxiliar o entendimento de discussões online
Authors: C Gouvêa Lívia , Bicharra Garcia Ana Cristina , S Vivacqua Adriana
Published: October 2019

Ambientes de colaboração on-line, têm mudado radicalmente a forma como o conhecimento é criado e gerenciado pela sociedade levando ao surgimento de comunidades abertas e auto-organizadas. No entanto, as discussões nesses ambientes são freqüentemente dispersas, redundantes e muito volumosas, o que dificulta a fluidez para um debate eficiente e o entendimento do debate em andamento. Ao mesmo tempo, a polarização de argumentos e a balcanização de usuários são comportamentos comumente identificados nestes ambientes que também afetam negativamente a qualidade das discussões e a compreensão do debate por novos usuários. Estas evidências sugerem que, embora as ferramentas e ambientes de colaboração online sejam poderosas em apoiar a criação e difusão novos conteúdos, sua capacidade de promover um debate justo e transparente é questionável. Estudos propõe resumir o conteúdo da discussão como forma de superar o volume, dispersão e redundância das colaborações. No entanto, para entender completamente um debate, também é importante perceber a dinâmica de interação do grupo, por isso, este trabalho propõe apresentar indicadores da dinâmica da discussão aliados à sumarização da mesma para auxiliar novos usuários a compreender a deliberações em andamento.
A systematic literature review to understand cross-organizational relationship management and collaboration
Authors: Diirr Bruna , Cappelli Claudia
Published: October 2019

Organizations increasingly need to establish partnerships to face environment changes and remain competitive. This cross-organizational relationship allows organizations to share resources and collaborate to handle business opportunities better. However, besides all benefits, these organizations usually face several challenges during the partnership. This research aims to explore the cross-organizational relationship management, thus outlining the systematic literature review performed to understand the collaboration between different organizations and organizing an ICT related body of knowledge about the topic.
Sensor Store: uma loja de dados de IoT usando Tangle
Authors: Barbosa Caio  Martins , Mota Vinicius  F. S. , Gomes Roberta  Lima , Pereira Filho Jose  Gonçalves
Published: October 2019

Em um mundo cada vez mais conectado, os dispositivos conectados, que formam a chamada Internet das Coisas (IoT) se tornarão cada vez mais presentes no cotidiano das pessoas, seja monitorando ou atuando no ambiente ao seu redor. A onipresença da IoT produzirá uma quantidade excessiva de dados sobre os mais diversos fenômenos físicos. Vislumbrando um potencial mercado, este trabalho propõe uma arquitetura para comercialização de dados de sensores. Os dados dos dispositivos estarão publicados na Tangle, uma tecnologia de livros-razão distribuídos (DLTs) que armazenará os dados de forma imutável e permitirá a realização de pagamentos em criptomoeda IOTA sem cobrança de taxas de recompensa.
Editora Científica Autônoma e Distribuída sobre Blockchain Privada
Authors: Evaristo Bruno , Nascimento Vagner , Defrémont André , Pinheiro Billy  Anderson , Abelém Antônio  Jorge Gomes
Published: October 2019

O processo de publicações de artigos global através da Internet utilizando sistemas de submissão, revisão e publicação. Tais sistemas tem um elevado custo financeiro e computacional, tornando o conhecimento científico restrito a um público cada vez menor. Existem iniciativas que tentam tornar o processo de submissão e avaliação abertos e visam promover o acesso mais democráticos a ele. Entretanto, dois desafios ficam evidentes, o primeiro é a relação desigual entre autores e editoras durante os processos de submissão, revisão e publicação; o segundo está relacionado a infraestrutura de uma editora que normalmente responde pelos direitos de publicação do artigo. Neste sentido, visando dar maior governança ao processo de publicação de artigos, nós propomos a Editora Científica Autônoma e Distribuída (Distributed Autonomic Scientific Publisher - DASP), uma editora científica autônoma funcionando sobre uma blockchain privada(permissionada) que permite que todo o processo seja auditado, garantindo os direitos autorais aos pesquisadores envolvidos na publicação de cada artigo e diminuindo o custo para os leitores com a retirada de intermediários. Como prova de conceito foi desenvolvido um ambiente editorial com os processos básicos de submissão e revisão para validar a proposta.
Migração de Sistemas Monolíticos para Microserviços: Uma Abordagem Híbrida sem Downtime
Authors: Arraes Augusto Flávio  Albuquerque , Sampaio Américo , Medeiros Otavio , Mendonca Nabor  das Chagas
Published: October 2019

The recent Microservices paradigm is based on building a system as a set of small distributed services developed in an independent fashion that are deployed, scaled and replicated in a transparent way as it was a single application. Several organizations that are adopting this paradigm have to cope with the challenge to migrate current traditional monolithic applications in production to microservices, preferably, without having to schedule maintenances to take the application offline. This paper presents an approach for hybrid migrating to microservices with no downtime and practically no changes in the monolithic code. A real application is used as a proof of concept to demonstrate that the proposed approach enables to go forward or backward among different versions of the application without needing to take the application offline, considering code or data changes. Moreover, an evaluation performed in the cloud demonstrates that this work does not introduce significant performance or costs overhead and still enables to support higher loads in the monolith, due to the removal of part of its functionality to be processed in microservices.
Estratégias para Implementação de Coreografia de Microsserviços
Authors: Fernandes João Pedro , Tavares de Camargo Edson
Published: October 2019

A arquitetura de microsserviços incentiva a composição de serviços através da coreografia. A coreografia favorece o baixo acoplamento e a descentralização. Surge então o desafio de encontrar abordagens adequadas para realizá-la de acordo com estilo arquitetural proposto pelos microsserviços. Este trabalho descreve e compara duas estratégias para coreografar microsserviços. A primeira estratégia é baseada em eventos e faz uso de um mediador para transmitir as mensagens. A segunda é chamada de programação coreográfica e sua grande vantagem é fornecer uma visão global da coreografia. Um estudo de caso com quatro microsserviços foi implementado em cada estratégia. Resultados incluem uma tabela comparativa e o número de mensagens por minuto suportado pelas implementações.
Seleção Online de Features em Streaming Baseada em Alpha-Investing Para Dados de Ataques DDoS
Authors: Moussa Alissar  Ali , Nogueira Michele , Guedes André  L. P.
Published: October 2019

O ataque de negação de serviço distribuído (Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS) é uma ameaça significativa de segurança, pois compromete financeiramente empresas e organizações ao afetar a disponibilidade de seus serviços. Com a sofisticação das técnicas utilizadas para gerar esses ataques, os sistemas de detecção tradicionais se limitam a ataques DDoS em estágios avançados ou quando o alvo está comprometido. Entretanto, a busca por maior eficiência nesses sistemas de detecção é uma constante e passa pelo problema de selecionar as features mais relevantes, ou seja, as características a serem utilizadas como base para a detecção. Quanto mais associada com o modo de operação do ataque, mais relevante é a feature. No contexto de ataques DDoS, é interessante que a seleção de features consiga funcionar sob dados e/ou features em streaming. Desta forma, apresentamos um método para seleção de features em streaming na detecção de ataques DDoS, que está fundamentado na nossa adaptação do algoritmo alpha-investing, chamado de alpha-investing+, o qual atua de forma sequencial na adição e nos testes das features. O método é aplicado sobre as bases de dados CTU-13 e CICIDS2017 e através de uma análise qualitativa, sugere-se que a técnica pode-se selecionar rapidamente features relevantes de um ataque em curso.
Uma Solução para Potencializar a Adaptação e Gerenciamento de Funcionalidades de Infraestruturas Baseadas em SDN
Authors: Neto Emídio  de Paiva , Sampaio Dantas Silva Felipe , Lemos Marcilio , Neto Augusto  José Venâncio
Published: October 2019

A ausência de padronização das APIs dos controladores SDN exige um alto nível de customização das aplicações contruídas sob o plano de controle para as APIs específicas de cada controlador adotado. Isso resulta em mau aproveitamento de recursos e funcionalidades da rede bem como retrabalho aos operadores da infraestrutura. Neste contexto, este trabalho propõe o ATOM, uma arquitetura para gerenciamento de controladores SDN que permite que as operações de gerenciamento da rede possam ser realizadas por uma aplicação externa que viabiliza o gerenciamento dos recursos de rede de forma dinâmica e ubíqua. A proposta foi validada através de implementações para gerenciamento do controlador Ryu e os resultados preliminares, considerando tarefas específicas de criação de fluxos, relevaram uma redução no tempo de processamento para as operações relacionadas.
Análise de Vazamentos Temporais Side-Channel no Contexto da Internet das Coisas
Authors: Prates Junior Nelson  Gonçalves , Vergutz Andressa , Tombesi Macedo Ricardo , Nogueira Michele
Published: October 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) emerged because of the technologicalevolution of wireless sensor networks, which enabled these sensors to integrate with common objects. These objects are equipped with sensors and actuatorscollect data from users and the environment, process them, and transform theminto useful information. By allowing the transmission of restricted / personaldata, communication traffic between devices becomes an interesting target forattackers who either access or manipulate them. However, even with cryptographic data, side-channel attacks exploit the characteristics of devices forthe purpose of acquiring information that may compromise the security of thenetwork structure. This work presents a way of characterizing the identical IoT dispositives by only exploring the time information. It carried the activitiesout such as structuring an experimental scenario, collecting traffic, extractingstatistical characteristics and finally identifying the dispositives. The results show we can identify even identical devices with up to 100% of accuracy.
OSDFramework: a Open-and-Secure data Framework to enable interoperable applications in IoT ecosystems
Authors: Francisco Rodrigo Elias , Silva Flavio De Oliveira
Published: October 2019

There is in the field of IoT the interest in innovating in order to allow the appearance of several applications with the great mass of data generated. However, there are difficulties regarding interoperability, security and privacy involving data, platforms and communication. Therefore, this article proposes OSDFramework, which implements the Open-and-Secure Data concept with a repository for semantically interoperable secure data sharing. The architecture for the framework is described and depends on the solution of challenges involving data transformations of different models for interoperability, semantic and privacy, and designing security protocols for sending and receiving data in the most possible way concerned to user.
5GINFIRE: Enabling an NFV Based Experimentation of Vertical Industries in the 5G Context
Authors: Silva Flávio , Rosa Pedro , Hrasnica Halid , Gravas Anastasius
Published: October 2019

5G aims to provide a wireless access network that supports the requirements of different vertical markets such as automotive and smart cities. 5G oriented services use the Internet of Things (IoT) and will use the network programmability by integrating Software-defined Networking (NFV) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV). This context presents several multi-facet challenges to experiment with these services. 5GINFIRE is a 5G oriented experimental facility where different actors of the 5G ecosystem can experimentally contribute to 5G development and deployment. This work presents the 5GGINFIRE ecosystem, highlights some of its capabilities and some 5G ongoing experiments.
Uma Proposta de Contramedida ao Ataque Jamming em Redes IEEE 802.15.4 utilizando Rádio Cognitivo
Authors: Almeida Fabio , Bontempo Marília  M. , dos Santos José Rodrigo , Alberti Antonio Marcos
Published: October 2019

As redes de sensores sem fio utilizam de meios de comunicação compartilhados para a transmissão de dados. Com isto, se torna fácil para um atacante interferir nas transmissõs destas redes através de ataques de negação de serviço conhecidos como Jamming. Estes ataques podem ser feitos através de dispositivos chamados de Jammers, que emitem sinais aleatórios de dados, visando derrubar as comunicações das redes de sensores. Neste artigo, estudamos as características do ataque de interferência Jamming sobre a rede IEEE 802.15.4 e propomos uma contramedida a esse ataque utilizando um sistema de rádio cognitivo definido por software para detectar e proteger a rede.
Uma avaliação de Algoritmos Criptográficos em Redes IEC 61850: Uma Abordagem Prática
Authors: Scarselli Rafael  B. , Soares Leonardo  Fiório , Moraes Igor  Monteiro
Published: October 2019

This paper evaluates cryptographic algorithms applied to the GOOSE protocol in IEC 61850 communication networks for electrical substations.The IEC suggest the use of RSA for digital signature of GOOSE messages andat the same time define a maximum communication latency of 3 ms for critical messages. Through practical experiments with devices with low computational power, the inviability of the RSA suggested by the IEC is confirmed. Results show that the AES symmetric cryptography algorithm with the CMAC technique meets the time constraints defined by IEC, even when the entire payload of a 459-byte packet is encrypted.
Humans: The Biggest Barrier to Realising Human Rights - A South African Perspective
Authors: Serfontein Erika
Published: October 2019

In demarcating the law, human rights, and human behaviour, the objective is to explore the tension between safeguarding human rights and promoting individual autonomy. While international human rights law signifies the potential of creating dignified life experiences, the behaviour of humans, and, specifically, of those in government incited my focus on the effect of human behaviour on the realizsation of human rights. By studying human rights through a philosophical lens, a (a) conceptual clarification of human rights is provided, (b) the most prominent human rights are identified, (c) general and specific justifications of human rights discussed, and (d) the normative implications of human right claims explored. Focus is placed on South Africa although the value and potential generalisation generalization of the data for evaluating the effectiveness of human rights in achieving their social goal globally, are acknowledged. Reviewing literature, an overview is provided of the law and human rights; the different dimensions of human rights; and human behaviour. Persistent human rights violations, albeit legal protection, are delineated and the significant role played by human behaviour during such violations are highlighted. Given that human behaviour is influenced by various ethical, social, and legal principles, governments are urged to be mindful of the well-being of the humans they are ethically and legally obliged to serve.
La utopía antiurbana nazi: El Plan General del Este
Authors: Fernández de Betoño Unai
Published: October 2019

La Alemania nazi vio en el este europeo la oportunidad de ampliar su territorio, su espacio vital. Polonia sería el laboratorio de un inhumano plan de colonización, el Plan General del Este, que implicaba la sustitución de la población no aria por campesinos germánicos. La antiurbana ordenación del territorio lobotomizado fue detallada científicamente por un equipo de arquitectos, geógrafos y agronómos, bajo las órdenes de Heinrich Himmler. Los aspectos urbanísticos del utópico plan, basados en la teoría del lugar central, la autosuficiencia y la unidad vecinal, son de gran interés técnico, y ejercieron influencia en los poblados nuevos del franquismo. No se puede obviar, sin embargo, que, de haberse completado, el plan nazi hubiera supuesto el desplazamiento forzoso de 31 millones de europeos.
La tutela e la gestione delle risorse idriche nell’Appennino centrale e il progetto ReSTART
Authors: Ruisi Manuela
Published: October 2019

L’Autorità di bacino distrettuale dell’Appennino Centrale ha dato avvio al nuovo aggiornamento del Piano di Gestione delle Acque, così come previsto dalla Direttiva quadro sulle Acque 2000/60/CE e dalla normativa nazionale di suo recepimento (D.lgs. 152/06 e ss.mm.ii). Si tratta del riesame del Piano, in sintesi, alla luce dello scostamento dello stato ambientale dei corpi idrici dagli obiettivi prefissati e della conseguente individuazione di strategie d’azione per il raggiungimento degli stessi [...].
Transcriptome dynamics of the Myxococcus xanthus multicellular developmental program
Authors: Muñoz-Dorado José , Moraleda-Muñoz Aurelio , Marcos-Torres Francisco Javier , Contreras-Moreno Francisco Javier , Martin-Cuadrado Ana Belen , Schrader Jared M , Higgs Penelope I , Pérez Juana
Published: October 2019

The bacterium Myxococcus xanthus exhibits a complex multicellular life cycle. In the presence of nutrients, cells prey cooperatively. Upon starvation, they enter a developmental cycle wherein cells aggregate to produce macroscopic fruiting bodies filled with resistant myxospores. We used RNA-Seq technology to examine the transcriptome of the 96 hr developmental program. These data revealed that 1415 genes were sequentially expressed in 10 discrete modules, with expression peaking during aggregation, in the transition from aggregation to sporulation, or during sporulation. Analysis of genes expressed at each specific time point provided insights as to how starving cells obtain energy and precursors necessary for assembly of fruiting bodies and into developmental production of secondary metabolites. This study offers the first global view of developmental transcriptional profiles and provides important tools and resources for future studies.
Supernumerary teeth observed in a live True’s beaked whale in the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Robbins James R. , Park Travis , Coombs Ellen J.
Published: October 2019

Mesoplodont beaked whales are one of the most enigmatic mammalian genera. We document a pod of four beaked whales in the Bay of Biscay breaching and tail slapping alongside a large passenger ferry. Photographs of the animals were independently reviewed by experts, and identified as True’s beaked whales (Mesoplodon mirus). This is the first conclusive live sighting of these animals in the north-east Atlantic, and adds information to previous sightings that are likely to have been M. mirus. Photographs of an adult male appears to show two supernumerary teeth posterior to the apical mandibular tusks. Whilst analysed museum specimens (n = 8) did not show evidence of alveoli in this location, there is evidence of vestigial teeth and variable dentition in many beaked whale species. This is the first such record of supernumerary teeth in True’s beaked whales.
The planktonic stages of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) are tolerant of end-of-century pCO2 concentrations
Authors: Thompson Cameron R.S. , Fields David M. , Bjelland Reidun M. , Chan Vera B.S. , Durif Caroline M.F. , Mount Andrew , Runge Jeffrey A. , Shema Steven D. , Skiftesvik Anne Berit , Browman Howard I.
Published: October 2019

The copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis is an obligate ectoparasite of salmonids. Salmon lice are major pests in salmon aquaculture and due to its economic impact Lepeophtheirus salmonis is one of the most well studied species of marine parasite. However, there is limited understanding of how increased concentration of pCO2 associated with ocean acidification will impact host-parasite relationships. We investigated the effects of increased pCO2 on growth and metabolic rates in the planktonic stages, rearing L. salmonis from eggs to 12 days post hatch copepodids under three treatment levels: Control (416 µatm), Mid (747 µatm), and High (942 µatm). The pCO2 treatment had a significant effect on oxygen consumption rate with the High treatment animals exhibiting the greatest respiration. The treatments did not have a significant effect on the other biological endpoints measured (carbon, nitrogen, lipid volume, and fatty acid content). The results indicate that L. salmonis have mechanisms to compensate for increased concentration of pCO2and that populations will be tolerant of projected future ocean acidification scenarios. The work reported here also describes catabolism during the lecithotrophic development of L. salmonis, information that is not currently available to parameterize models of dispersal and viability of the planktonic free-living stages.
Layered patterns in nature, medicine, and materials: quantifying anisotropic structures and cyclicity
Authors: Smolyar Igor , Bromage Tim , Wikelski Martin
Published: October 2019

Various natural patterns—such as terrestrial sand dune ripples, lamellae in vertebrate bones, growth increments in fish scales and corals, aortas and lamellar corpuscles in humans and animals—comprise layers of different thicknesses and lengths. Microstructures in manmade materials—such as alloys, perlite steels, polymers, ceramics, and ripples induced by laser on the surface of graphen—also exhibit layered structures. These layered patterns form a record of internal and external factors regulating pattern formation in their various systems, making it potentially possible to recognize and identify in their incremental sequences trends, periodicities, and events in the formation history of these systems. The morphology of layered systems plays a vital role in developing new materials and in biomimetic research. The structures and sizes of these two-dimensional (2D) patterns are characteristically anisotropic: That is, the number of layers and their absolute thicknesses vary significantly in different directions. The present work develops a method to quantify the morphological characteristics of 2D layered patterns that accounts for anisotropy in the object of study. To reach this goal, we use Boolean functions and an N-partite graph to formalize layer structure and thickness across a 2D plane and to construct charts of (1) “layer thickness vs. layer number” and (2) “layer area vs. layer number.” We present a parameter disorder of layer structure (DStr) to describe the deviation of a study object’s anisotropic structure from an isotropic analog and illustrate that charts and DStr could be used as local and global morphological characteristics describing various layered systems such as images of, for example, geological, atmospheric, medical, materials, forensic, plants, and animals. Suggested future experiments could lead to new insights into layered pattern formation.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of theWRKYgenes in sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.) under alkaline stress
Authors: Wu Guo-Qiang , Li Zhi-Qiang , Cao Han , Wang Jin-Long
Published: October 2019

Background

The WRKY transcription factor family plays crucial roles in many aspects of physiological processes and adaption to environment. Although theWRKYgenes have been widely identified in various plant species, the structure and function of theWRKYfamily in sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.) remains unknown.

Methods

In the present study, theWRKYgenes were identified from the sugar beet genome by bioinformatics. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA7.0. A distribution map of these genes was displayed by MapInspect 1.0. Furthermore, the exon-intron structure and the conserved motifs were predicted by GSDS 2.0 and MEME 5.0.5, respectively. Additionally, the expression levels of nine selected genes in shoots and roots of sugar beet seedlings exposed to alkaline stress were assayed by qRT-PCR.

Results

A total of 58 putativeBvWRKYgenes are identified in the sugar beet genome. The coding sequences of these genes ranged from 558 to 2,307 bp and molecular weights (MWs) varied from 21.3 to 84. TheBvWRKYgenes are clustered into three major groups I, II, and III, with 11, 40, and seven members, based on the primary amino acid sequences. The number of introns in theBvWRKYgenes ranged from 1 to 5, with a majority ofBvWRKY(27/58) containing three exons. All theBvWRKYgenes have one or two conserved WRKY domains and zinc-finger structure. Moreover, the selectedBvWRKYgenes showed a variety of expression patterns in shoots and roots of seedlings under various concentrations of NaHCO3. Importantly,BvWRKY10in shoots andBvWRKY16in roots were remarkably up-regulated by alkaline stress. Taken together, our findings extend understandings of theBvWRKYgenes family and provide useful information for subsequent research on their functions in sugar beet under alkaline stress.
ARSITEKTUR VERNAKULAR NABIRE DAN KONDISI NABIRE PASCA GEMPA
Authors: Gayatri C. Sri , Purwanto L.M.F.
Published: October 2019

The natural disaster in Nabire in February 2004 and November 2004 has left a noumerous effects on buildings. Many buildings have destroyed because of the terrifying effect of natural disaster which caused a big loss both for material and for the human safety. However, the misapplication of construction and inappropriate choice of material almost cause the terrible damage. After the natural disaster passed, the only left is mostly on the long time needed to build the buildings for people who suffer from the disaster. Because of this problem above, many people usually stay in uncomfortable places such a tend, and this condition creates social and health problems. Concerning the problem above, it is needed to create the "quick built house" which is hopefully can be accepted by the community to cope with the terrifying effect of the natural disaster.In the first year of this research, the data concerning traditional architecture and vernacular architecture in Nabire will be collected. This step will be done in order to understand more detail about all the problem faced and identified all the potential aspects which can be developed to build house for people. The deepest study of vernacular architecture is expected not only to make the house close to the uniqueness of the local activities and culture, but also to make it understandable and built easily by the people/community, because its construction and architecture have become part of their life. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Pada saat bencana alam di Nabire yang terjadi Februari 2004 dan November 2004, banyak bangunan roboh dan rusak. Kerugian sangat besar dan mengakibatkan kerugian baik material maupun keselamatan manusia. Kerusakan yang parah sering diakibatkan oleh salahnya penerapan konstruksi dan salah dalam pemilihan bahan bangunan. Sementara itu pasca bencana, menyisakan kesulitan berupa lamanya membangun bangunan penampungan korban bencana, sehingga seringkali korban bencana hanya ditampung di tenda saja. Akibatnya muncul masalah sosial dan kesehatan. Bangunan yang roboh juga membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk dibangun kembali. Hal ini mendorong pemikiran untuk mengembangkan rumah cepat bangun yang dapat diterima masyarakat, pada saat bencana telah berlalu. Pada penelitian tahun I ini, dilakukan pengumpulan data tentang arsitektur tradisional dan arsitektur vernakular di Nabire, untuk memahami secara lebih dekat segala permasalahan yang harus dihadapi dan potensi yang dapat dikembangkan untuk membangun rumah Rakyat. Penggalian arsitektur vernakular, diharapkan tidak hanya mendekatkan rumah tinggal yang akan dibangun kembali nantinya, sesuai dengan segala aktifitas dan budaya masyarakat setempat, namun juga untuk lebih mudah dipahami dan mudah dikerjakan sendiri oleh masyarakat, karena bentuk konstruksi dan arsitekturnya sudah menjadi bagian dari kehidupan mereka. Kata kunci: arsitektur tradisonal, vernakular arsitektur, gempa di Nabire.
KARAKTER ATRAKTIF DALAM PERANCANGAN TAMAN PETUALANGAN ANAK
Authors: Hess Renata Heryawati , Saptorini Hastuti
Published: October 2019

Learning by adventural games has strongly built in self confidence, emotion defensibility, teamwork, creativity and fast in making decision, leadership, are the effective education system if started as soon as possible. That is in child growing period. The challenge and pleasant caracters, these games need the attractive and dynamic performance buildings. By research and design cooperation between supervisor and the final studio student by the title " Psychological Approach in Building Design: Adventure Park for Kids Case Study", funded by the PHK A-3 Dikti, the performance criteria have been found for design reference. The research has used deductive-inductive method by phenomenology approach to the number of the relevant case studies. By inductive analysis method have found the architectural performance criteria of attractive, safety and dynamic building both cognitive, affective, and psychomotoric consideration. The organic and variative elevation of room and building form, kid's scale and room dimension, warm polychromatic colour compotition, maximalize vegetation and water for landscape, rough texture and circle circulation pattern, strong construction, are the findings for accommodating safety, pleasant, imajinative, and natural building image. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Pembelajaran melalui permainan yang mengandung tantangan dan petualangan membangun karakter kuat dalam hal percaya diri, ketahanan emosi, kerjasama, kecermatan, kecepatan dan kreativitas dalam mengambil keputusan, kepemimpinan, serta sejumlah motivasi lain yang secara prinsip bersifat psikologis. Pendidikan ini bersifat efektif apabila dimulai sedini mungkin, yaitu dari masa anak. Karakternya yang menantang dan menyenangkan, permainan ini menuntut wadah, bangunan, yang dinamis dan atraktif. Bagaimana tolok ukur ungkapan bangunan yang atraktif dan dinamis merupakan arah yang dituju tulisan ini. Melalui penelitian terpadu antara dosen pembimbing dan mahasiswa peserta tugas akhir dengan judul "Pendekatan Psikologis dalam Perancangan Bangunan dengan Studi Kasus Taman Petualangan Anak" atas biaya PHK A-3 Dikti, tolok ukur dapat diperoleh sebagai panduan rancangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deduktif-induktif melalui pendekatan fenomenologis terhadap sejumlah kasus bangunan sejenis. Melalui analisis indukrif telah ditemukan tolok ukur tuntutan arsitektural bangunan yang menjawab atraktivitas dan kedinamisan, serta keamanan pengguna, baik secara kognitf, afektif, maupun psikomotorik. Bentuk masa dan ruang yang organis dengan ketinggian bervariasi, dimensi bangunan berskala anak, komposisi warna polichromatic yang hangat, memaksimalkan komponen landscape dengan vegetasi, air, pola pergerakan yang melingkar, konstruksi yang kokoh, dan tekstur pergerakan yang kasar, merupakan temuan tolok ukur yang dimaksud demi mengakomodasi rasa aman, menyenangkan, mampu membangun imajinasi anak dalam suasana alami. Kata kunci: anak, bermain, atraktif, alami, imajinatif, aman, menyenangkan.
T
hermotogaceae
Authors: Zhaxybayeva Olga , Nesbø Camilla L. , Farrell Anne A. , L'Haridon Stéphane
Published: October 2019

Ther.mo.to.ga.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Thermotoga
, type genus of the family; L. suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermotogaceae
, the family of
Thermotoga
.

Thermotogota / Thermotogae / Thermotogales / Thermotogaceae

The family
Thermotogaceae
comprises sheathed thermophilic and hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, fermentative, and hydrogen‐producing bacteria. Cells are rod shaped, occurring singly, in pairs, or in chains. Cells are surrounded with sheaths, the so‐called togas. In stationary phase, they might look like “balloons.” Gram‐negative. Colonies are circular, convex, and vary in color from white to cream. The members of the family grow well on complex organic media and utilize a broad spectrum of carbon sources. Optimal growth at 60–80°C. Reduce thiosulfate and, in some cases, elemental sulfur, to sulfide. The family currently accommodates two genera,
Thermotoga
and
Pseudothermotoga
. The members of the family were isolated from geothermal heated marine sediments, shallow submarine thermal vents, hot springs, solfataric springs, oil reservoirs, and thermophilic bioreactors.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 38.7–51.3%.

Type genus
:
Thermotoga
Stetter and Huber 1986, 575
VP
(Effective publication: Stetter and Huber in Huber, Langworthy, Konig, Thomm, Woese, Sleytr et al., 1986, 332) emend. Bhandari and Gupta 2014, 163.
Technical Note: Proof of concept for radiomics‐based quality assurance for computed tomography
Authors: Branco Luciano R. F. , Ger Rachel B. , Mackin Dennis S. , Zhou Shouhao , Court Laurence E. , Layman Rick R.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Routine quality assurance (QA) testing to identify malfunctions in medical imaging devices is a standard practice and plays an important role in meeting quality standards. However, current daily computed tomography (CT) QA techniques have proven to be inadequate for the detection of subtle artifacts on scans. Therefore, we investigated the ability of a radiomics phantom to detect subtle artifacts not detected in conventional daily QA.

Methods

An updated credence cartridge radiomics phantom was used in this study, with a focus on two of the cartridges (rubber and cork) in the phantom. The phantom was scanned using a Siemens Definition Flash CT scanner, which was reported to produce a subtle line pattern artifact. Images were then imported into the IBEX software program, and 49 features were extracted from the two cartridges using four different preprocessing techniques. Each feature was then compared with features for the same scanner several months previously and with features from controlled CT scans obtained using 100 scanners.

Results

Of 196 total features for the test scanner, 79 (40%) from the rubber cartridge and 70 (36%) from the cork cartridge were three or more standard deviations away from the mean of the controlled scan population data. Feature values for the artifact‐producing scanner were closer to the population mean when features were preprocessed with Butterworth smoothing. The feature most sensitive to the artifact was co‐occurrence matrix maximum probability. The deviation from the mean for this feature was more than seven times greater when the scanner was malfunctioning (7.56 versus 1.01).

Conclusions

Radiomics features extracted from a texture phantom were able to identify an artifact‐producing scanner as an outlier among 100 CT scanners. This preliminary analysis demonstrated the potential of radiomics in CT QA to identify subtle artifacts not detected using the currently employed daily QA techniques.
Experimental Evidence of Anisotropic and Stable Charged Excitons (Trions) in Atomically Thin 2D ReS2
Authors: Wang Xiaofan , Shinokita Keisuke , Miyauchi Yuhei , Cuong Nguyen Thanh , Okada Susumu , Matsuda Kazunari
Published: October 2019

Experimentally observed, stable trions with large binding energy (≈25 meV) in atomically thin monolayer 2D transition metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = Mo, W, X = S, Se, and Te) with an isotropic crystal structure have been extensively studied. In contrast, the characteristics of trions in atomically thin 2D materials with an anisotropic crystal structure are not completely understood. Low‐temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy in few‐layer ReS2 with an anisotropic crystal structure by applying a gate voltage is described. A new PL peak that emerges below the lower‐energy side of neutral excitons obtained by tuning the gate voltages is attributed to emission from negative trions. Furthermore, the trion binding energy that is strongly dependent on the layer thickness reaches a large value of ≈60 meV in 1L–ReS2, which is ≈2 times larger than that in other isotropic 2D materials (MX2). The enhancement of the binding energy reflects the quasi‐1D nature of the trions in anisotropic atomically thin ReS2. These experimental observations will promote a better understanding of the optical response and applications in new categories of the anisotropic atomically thin 2D materials with a quasi‐1D nature.
Ultrafast Flash Energy Conductance at MXene‐Surfactant Interface and Its Molecular Origins
Authors: Li Jiebo , Zhang Qi , Yan Li , Wu Guorong , Hu Mingjun , Lin Xubo , Yuan Kaijun , Yang Xueming
Published: October 2019

With the developments of energy science, biomedical therapy, and electronic technology, interfacial thermal transport has become a key issue for many applications. Furthermore, with the growing importance of thermal utilization of new 2D material MXene, capturing the interfacial thermal conduction of MXene‐soft material in solution is an urgent task. In this work, transient absorption dynamics is employed to investigate MXene (Ti3C2Tx)‐surfactant interfacial energy conductance in water solution. The sodium dodecyl sulfate molecules could not directly interact with Ti3C2Tx surface, and thus failed to inhibit the interfacial heat transfer of Ti3C2Tx. To the opposite, attributed to strong coulomb interaction, cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) molecules could form bilayers on Ti3C2Tx to isolate the energy dissipation from Ti3C2Tx to water and thus alter the heat dissipation rates of Ti3C2Tx. The interfacial energy conductance G ≈81 MW m−2 K−1 between CTAB and Ti3C2Tx is quantitatively obtained. Molecular dynamics simulation also presented the flash heating could disrupt the bilayer structures, showing that the finding contributed to the future engineering design for MXene thermal applications through tuning the attaching layer at MXene interface.