bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toefl Result of Politeknik Harapan Bersama Tegal Student’s Majoring Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Romadhon Syaefani Arif , Yuvita Yuvita
Published: November 2019

This research was done to see students’ TOEFL score especially for fifth semester of Politeknik Harapan Bersama Tegal majoring Mechanical Engineering. Descriptive design using quantitative approach was chosen by the researcher. The sample is 45 students of Mechanical Engineering Study Program. The TOEFL test was used as research instrument. Descriptive statistics was used as data analysis technique, mean and percentage. The result of this research showed that student obtained problems in getting a TOEFL score with an average score 424 which was still at the basic proficiency category. The researcher found that the highest problem received by the students is listening section where student obtained correct answers only 23.7%. The students obtained the lowest score is in the short conversation with the percentage 31.27%. Then the structure and written expression, students obtained average score lowest in structure with a percentage 30.6%.
Students’ Understanding of Generic Structure of the Text and the Quality of Writing: A Correlational Study
Authors: Wati Atikah
Published: November 2019

Indriyani et al, (2013) stated that many students had dificulty in understanding the generic structure of analytical exposition text. Therefore, the present study tried to investigate the correlation between students understanding in writing generic structure of analytical exposition and the quality of students’ writing in second grade of senior hight school. Grounded in explanatory correlational research design by Creswell (2011), this study conducted over two weeks in one of senior high school in Indramayu. Close-ended questionnaire and writing test were instruments to collect the data and it was analyzed  by using SPSS 22. The statistical calculation from students understanding in writing generic stucture of the text and writing test indicated that the value of tcount was 3.23 and the value of ttable was 0.361. It can be concluded that the hypothesis was accepted because tcount 3.23 > ttable 0.361. The finding reveal that there was middle correlation or middle prediction in students understanding of generic structure of analytical exposition and students writing quality with the score 0,52.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Approach Towards Speaking Ability
Authors: Molla Nur Laila
Published: November 2019

Communicative  Language  Teaching  (CLT)  is  a  way  to  deal  with  the  educating  of  second  and  unknown  dialects  that  emphasis  on  cooperation  as  both  the  methods  and  the  last  objective  of  learning  a  language.  Targets  are  (1)  to  discover  Effectiveness  of  CLT  Approach  in  Improving  Speaking  Ability.  (2)  huge  contrasts  between  students  who  are  instructed  by  CLT  and   not.  Quantitative  research  is  a  true  design  experiment.  Design  used  was  a  pretest-posttest  control  group  design.  Population  is  eighth  grader  students  in  Junior  High  School  1  Tegal.  Research  uses  cluster  random  sampling  with  two  group  design  (experiment  group  and  control  group).  Data  was  broke  down  utilizing  a  t-test,  score  of  the  t-test  is  2.744.  Score  of  t-table  is  at  5%  level  importance  and  on  level  of  62  is  1.670,  t-test  result  is  higher  than  t-table  (2.744>1.670).  t-test  hypothesis  is  rejected,  and  t-table  hypothesis  is  accepted.  CLT  improve  speaking  capability.
Food Safety, Fish and Listeriosis
Authors: Cortés Sánchez Alejandro De Jesús , Guzmán Robles Martha Lorena , Garza Torres Rodolfo , Espinosa Chaurand Luis Daniel , Diaz Ramirez Mayra
Published: November 2019

Listeria monocytogenes is a food pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a relevant disease in public health worldwide. The genus Listeria spp., corresponds to cosmopolitan bacteria and capable of surviving different adverse conditions, which increases the risk for the food to be contaminated at any stage of the food chain. Fish and fish products are foods of high production level and, due to their chemical or nutritional composition, are highly susceptible to deterioration and contamination by pathogens in their productive chain relating to cases of listeriosis. Derived from the incidence and human mortality due to causative agents of listeriosis, along with their resistance to antimicrobials, they have acquired a greater emphasis on human health, animal health and food industry, resulting in the implementation of safety systems such as good hygiene practices, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system, analytical methods and microbiological criteria, as some of the actions to contribute to the food safety and public health protection. The purpose of this review document is to provide, in a general way, aspects involved in foodborne illnesses, specifically listeriosis and its association with fish as a transmitting food, considering the prevention and control measures of this disease through food. It also includes aspects related to antimicrobial resistance by bacterial isolates obtained from fish, their implications and health risks.
Determination of Grapevine Leafroll Diseases Infection in Turkey
Authors: Türkmen Yağmur , Ertunç Filiz
Published: November 2019

During the growing seasons between 2009 and 2010, totally 213 shoot and leaf samples were collected from the vineyards in Manisa, Denizli, Nevşehir, Elazığ, İzmir, Ankara, Çanakkale, Tekirdağ, Edirne and Kırklareli, which are commercially important viticulture production areas of Turkey. All grapevine samples were serologically investigated for the presence of Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs) using GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, GLRaV 4-9, GLRaV-6 and GLRaV-7 DAS-ELISA kits. In 143 of total, (67.14%) single or multiple infections were detected. GLRaV4-9, -7, -3, -1, -2 and -6 were detected as 53.52%, 36.15%, 34.74%, 32. 86%, 32.39% and 3.28%, respectively in the surveyed area. Eastern Anatolia Region had the highest infection rate (100%), followed by Marmara, Aegean, and Central Anatolia Region (69.74%, 75%, 62% and 26.47%, respectively). While the highest infection rates were obtained in Marmara Region for GLRaV-1, -2 and -3 as 43.42%, 44.74% and 50% respectively, GLRaV4-9 found as 100% in Eastern Anatolia Region. The highest infection rate was detected in Marmara Region for GLRaV-6 as 3.95%. The most common multiple infection was determined as GLRaV-1, -2, -3, 4-9 and -7 with the rate of 36.17%.
Bölgesel Gelişmişlik Düzeyinin Organik Ürün Tüketimi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Eleroğlu Hasan
Published: November 2019

Organik ürünlere olan talep son yıllarda giderek artmaktadır. Bununla birlikte zaman zaman pazarlamada karşılaşılan birtakım olumsuzluklar üretimde daralmaya veya ürün değerinin kaybına neden olabilmektedir. Uygun pazarlama ve ürün deseninin oluşturulması için tüketici tercihlerinin bilinmesinde yarar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, TR72 bölgesinde (Kayseri, Sivas ve Yozgat) organik ürün tüketim deseni ve bu ürünlere fazladan yapılacak ödeme tutarının bölgesel değişimini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, TR72 bölgesinde tüketicilerin organik ürünlerin tüketim deseni ve değerini belirlemek amacıyla 1350 aile ile yüz yüze anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, tüketilen organik içecek, süt, yumurta, tavuk eti ile sebze meyve bakımından bölgeler arasında farklılık önemli olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, tüketim mevsimi, marka, organik yumurta ve tavuk eti için fazladan yapılabilecek ödeme oranları bakımından da bölgesel farklılıklar önemli bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; organik ürün seçimi, marka tercihi, tüketim mevsimi ve organik ürün için yapılacak fazla ödeme üzerine bölgesel gelişmişlik düzeyi, gelir seviyesi ve bilinçli tüketim faktörleri etkili olmaktadır.
Investigation of The Workable Days in Agriculture Using Meteorological Parameters
Authors: Kuşcu Savaş , Türker Ufuk , Şen Burak
Published: November 2019

In this study, it was aimed to determine the workable days in agriculture using meteorological parameters, and a databank was formed obtaining the inputs from all weather stations in Central Anatolia Region, which cover a 20-year period, from 1986 to 2006. Running a mathematical model in a computer software specifically designed for this purpose, the data of this databank were exploited to calculate the workable days on a land for soil treatment, crop care and harvest for any given region and to show these data with graphs on monthly or yearly basis. This software may help to use time more economically and reduce the system costs directly or indirectly. Moreover, the data collected are quite necessary to prepare some national or local charts and graphs related to the general distribution of various climate factors.
Türkiye‘de Avrupa Birliği Kırsal Alan Sınıflandırmasına Göre Tarımsal Kredi ve Tarımsal Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla (GSYİH) Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Doğan Hasan Gökhan , Kan Arzu , Kan Mustafa
Published: November 2019

Bu araştırmada da tarım sektörüne yönelik Türkiye‘ de 2004-2017 yılları arasında sağlanan tarımsal krediler ile tarımsal GSYH arasındaki ilişki panel veri analizi yardımıyla ortaya koyulmuştur. Analiz yöntemi olarak, Panel Birim Kök Testi, Panel Eşbütünleşme Testi ve Panel Granger Nedensellik Analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma, AB Kırsal Alan Sınıflandırmasına göre üç bölgede değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bölgeler, kentsel alan, ara kırsal ve baskın kırsal olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, her üç bölgede de değişkenler arasında uzun dönem eşbütünleşme görülmüştür. Nedensellik analizi sonuçlarına göre ise, kentsel alan ve ara kırsal bölgelerde değişkenler arasında iki yönlü nedensellik görülürken, baskın kırsal bölgede nedensellik ilişkisi görülmemiştir. Baskın kırsal bölgeyi oluşturan altı il dikkate alındığında (Artvin, Bayburt, Bingöl, Çankırı, Gümüşhane, Tunceli), gelir düzeyi düşük, ortalama arazi büyüklüğü nispeten daha küçük ve geçimlik işletme diye ifade edilebilecek işletme yapısından oluştuğu bilinmektedir. Dolayısıyla, yatırıma ve ekonomik değer elde etmeye yönelik tarımsal üretimin yoğun olmadığı bölgede tarımsal kredi ve tarımsal GSYH ilişkisinin olmaması beklenen bir sonuç olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu çerçevede, tarımsal kredilerin ve bunlardan faydalanma olanaklarının gözden geçirilerek yöresel/bölgesel dinamiklere göre kurgulanması ve daha geniş bir tabana yayılarak üretim süreçlerinde kullanılabilme olanaklarının yapılandırılması gerekmektedir.
The Nexus of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Agriculture Sector: Case of Turkey and China
Authors: Doğan Hasan Gökhan , Karakaş Güngör
Published: November 2019

Greenhouse gas emissions constitute the basis of global warming. One of the sectors contributing to the greenhouse gas emissions is the agriculture sector which accounts for 24% of the global greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, the effect of cattle husbandry, small ruminant husbandry, poultry husbandry, paddy production, which are the main causes of emissions in the agriculture sector, on agricultural CO2 release was investigated. The research covers the years 1991-2017 of Turkey and China. In the study, time-series analyses such as Augmented Dickey-Fuller Breakpoint Unit Root Test, Johansen Cointegration Test, Ordinary Least Square Regression, Full Modified Ordinary Least Square, Canonical Cointegrating Regression and Impulse-Response Analysis were used. According to the results of the analysis, the effects of cattle husbandry, small ruminant husbandry, and paddy production activities on agricultural CO2 emissions were statistically significant in Turkey. We determined that the most effective variable on agricultural CO2 emissions was cattle husbandry both in the long- and short-term. On the other hand, poultry farming had no statistically significant effect on agricultural CO2 emissions. According to the results of the analysis for China, all variables were statistically significant. As a result, it is important to adopt methods that will not cause environmental damage or will have minimal impact in determination processes of effective parameters on agricultural CO2. The government should determine the boundaries of agricultural production processes through legal arrangements and the relevant ministries should implement them seriously. To take these measures and implement them are seen as a necessity for a sustainable world and a sustainable agricultural sector.
Input Use Efficiency in Sunflower Production; A Case Study of Konya Province (Karatay District)
Authors: Oğuz Cennet , Öğür Aysun Yener , Ayhan Aycan
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study is to analyse the efficiency of input use in sunflower production in Karatay district. Turkey ranks 10th in sunflower production in the world and Konya province has 13.39% capacity of sunflower production in Turkey, placing the 2nd place in terms of production. 97% of sunflower produced in Konya province is sunflower for oil. Data used in this study was determined as 51 enterprises manufacturing sunflower according to the Stratified Sampling Method. The economic efficiency results of sunflower production were calculated with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEAP) method. The total Gross Production Values (GPV) obtained from the enterprises is 50,221.43 $, the GPV acquired from the sunflower production is 23,844.70 $, the total gross profit is 36,927.29 $ and the sunflower gross profit is 18,285.16 $. According to the efficiency results, economic efficiency was found to be 0.604, resource efficiency was 0.604, technical efficiency was 0.868, and pure efficiency was 0.922 while scale efficiency was 0.942. It should be ensured that enterprises use their resources effectively. Information meetings should be held for enterprises on resource use.
P PERANCANGAN PEMANCAR DAN PENERIMA MODULASI DIGITAL FSK BERBASIS SERAT OPTIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPLISING DAN ADAPTER UNTUK MODUL PRAKTIKUM OPTIK
Authors: Asril Aprinal Adila
Published: November 2019

This research aims to design practicum modules for optical cable transmission systems with fiber optic cable (fiber optic) connection systems. This research was conducted by design and experimental methods. The practicum module that is designed consists of the transmitter and receiver parts using a Digital modulation system. The results of this module design will be tested, measured, and analyzed in the delivery of information using FSK digital modulation and the damping effect of informatio received due to the connection of optical fibers to the transmission system.

Splicing is done using the fusion splicer (splising) method and adapters. The two connection methods will be compared to the measurement results, especially the damping value.

The results of the study are an Optical practicum module using optical signal transmission media as well as a practicum module (jobsheet).

The module that is designed will be one of the Practicum modules to support the eyes of the optical fiber communication system in the State Polytechnic Telecommunications Engineering Study Program.

 

Keyword: Optical cable, fusion splicer, adapter
СОВРЕМЕННАЯ СТРУКТУРА МЕБЕЛЬНОГО РЫНКА РОССИИ, ОСНОВНЫЕ вызовы и тренды. Оценка конкурентоустойчивости российских мебельных предприятий на рынке россии
Authors: Жигарев Виталий Александрович
Published: November 2019

Цель: рассмотреть современные тенденции на рынке мебели и спрогнозировать авторский подход к возможным стратегиям конкурентоустойчивости мебельных предприятий России. Методы: в статье использованы методы научного познания и системного анализа, позволяющие сформулировать подход к прогнозированию стратегий конкурентоустойчивости мебельных предприятий России. Результаты: статья отражает авторский подход к определению стратегии конкурентоустойчивости, а также современные тенденции на рынке мебели России и возможные стратегии повышения конкурентоустойчивости мебельных предприятий в России. Научная новизна: в статье отражена авторская позиция касательно понятия стратегия конкурентоустойчивости, которая представляет собой комплексную систему стратегий предприятия, позволяющую быть максимально экономически устойчивой, прибыльной и производить востребованную на рынке продукцию. Практическая значимость: предложенный автором подход формирования стратегии конкурентоустойчивости на позволяют повысить конкурентоустойчивость мебельных предприятий России.
ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ
Authors: Магомедов Расул Магомедович , Гаджимагомедова Саида Гаджимагомедовна , Гашимова Ирина Юрьевна
Published: November 2019

Сегодня архиважное значение для экономического развития России имеет развитие ее регионов. Как отмечают многие ученые-экономисты, политические деятели и активная часть населения, «развитые регионы –сильная страна». Однако в стране формами, методами и результатами государственного регулирования территориального развития недовольны практически все субъекты. Его справедливо критикует за субъективизм и излишнюю политизированность. Целью настоящей работы является анализ отечественной практики формирования и реализации государственной региональной политики в Российской Федерации и разработка механизма управления социально-экономическим развитием территорий. Предмет исследования – совокупность организационно-административных и экономических отношений, возникающих в ходе управления социально-экономическим развитием субъектов России. Методологической основой исследования послужили экономическая теория, региональная экономика и управление, экономическая статистика. Среди общенаучных методов использовались логико-теоретические методы. Результаты исследования. Проведен анализ отечественной практики государственного регулирования социально-экономического развития регионов, обоснована необходимость совершенствования механизма регулирования и предложены некоторые его инструменты. Область применения. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы: научными организациями при дальнейших исследованиях проблемы регионального регулирования; органами государственной власти и местного самоуправления при разработке и реализации региональной экономической политики; в учебных заведениях при преподавании курсов «региональная экономика и управление» и «региональная политика». Выводы. Сегодня для Российской Федерации характерна высокая степень неравномерности социально-экономического развития регионов. Объясняется такое положение неэффективностью проводимой в стране региональной политики, которая не заинтересовывает субъекты в экономическом развитии. Предлагаемые в работе инструменты направлены на стимулирование подтягивания уровня развития проблемных регионов до уровня развитых.
АНАЛИЗ КРЕДИТНОГО ПОРТФЕЛЯ СБЕРБАНКА РОССИИ
Authors: Магомедова Аида Багомедовна , Идрисов Магомед Идрисович
Published: November 2019

Цель работы. В статье рассматривается кредитный портфель коммерческого банка на примере Сбербанка России. Метод или методология проведения работы. Проведен статистический анализ кредитного портфеля ПАО «Сбербанк». Результаты. В ходе проведенного нами анализа было выявлено, что банк успешно осуществляет исполнение норматива достаточности капитала. Также узнали, что за анализируемый период увеличивается количество кредитов, предоставляемых как для физических, так и для юридических лиц. Причем, в первом случае за 2017‒2018 гг. увеличение составляет 16%, а во втором – 116,15%. Также банк успешно исполняет норматив достаточности собственных ресурсов. При анализе показателей деятельности банка были выделены проблемы, которые снижали эффективность управления кредитным портфелем. Были предложены пути совершенствования действующей практики управления кредитным риском. В ПАО «Сбербанк» довольно неустойчива экспертная надежность, так как обладает тенденцией к увеличению. Также на основании анализа можно предполагать, что основной упор банком делается на диверсифицированное кредитование, в качестве обеспечения которого выступает внесение имущественных залогов. Но при этом процесс управления рисками банка должен выстраиваться на основании анализа накопленного опыта, требований передовой отечественной и иностранной практики в данной отрасли. Поэтому необходимо совершенствование системы управления рисками данного банка. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы при анализе и прогнозировании структуры кредитных портфелей коммерческих банков страны. Выводы. Делается вывод, что дальнейшее развитие и совершенствование действующей практики управления кредитным риском и преодоление проблем, которые снижали эффективность управления кредитным портфелем, позволило бы создать надежную основу эффективного формирования качественного кредитного портфеля в коммерческом банке.
Survival rate and growth of juvenile vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in different media water salinity
Authors: Rakhfid Abdul , Erna Erna , Rochmady Rochmady , Fendi Fendi , Ihu Muhammad Zayani , Karyawati Karyawati
Published: November 2019

Shrimp commodities in Indonesia have been cultivated, either traditionally, traditionally plus, semi intensive, or intensively. One type of shrimp that is constantly strived to increase its production is the shrimp vaname (Litopenaneus vannamei). The environmental conditions of pond waters are closely related to pond water quality. One of the water quality parameters affecting the survival and growth of vaname shrimp is salinity. The study was conducted from May to June 2018 at the Fish Seed Hall (BBIP) Ghonebalano, Ghonebalano Village, Duruka District, Muna Regency. This study aims to determine the effect of water salinity on different media on the survival and growth of vaname shrimp. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and three replications. Treatment A salinity 20 ppt, B treatment salinity 25 ppt, C treatment salinity 30 ppt and treatment D salinity 35 ppt. The results showed that the treatment had significant effect on the survival of the animals in the 95% confidence level where the survival in sequence, the treatment of A 87.50%, the treatment of B 83.33%, the C treatment 80.56% and the treatment D 69.44% . The treatment also had a significant effect on the growth of test animal at 95% confidence level. Successive growth was, treatment A 2.01 g, treatment B 1.91 g, treatment C 1,71 g and treatment D 1.51 g.
The Effect of Compost TKKS, Rice Straw and NPK Fertilizer on the Growth and Production of Chili Plant (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Hapsoh  , Leyna Zulfa , Murniati
Published: November 2019

Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompos dan pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman cabai dan mendapatkan kombinasi perlakuan yang terbaik. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Riau pada bulan September 2017 sampai Februari 2018. Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Faktor pertama adalah kompos terdiri dari 3 taraf: tanpa kompos, kompos dari Tanda Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) dan kompos dari jerami padi. Faktor kedua adalah pupuk NPK 16:16:16 terdiri dari 3 taraf: 0 kg ha-1, 125 kg ha-1 dan 250 kg ha-1. Parameter yang diamati yaitu analisis tanah awal, tinggi tanaman, tinggi dikotomus, lebar tajuk, umur berbunga, umur panen, panjang buah, jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot buah per tanaman dan bobot buah per plot. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan perlakuan terbaik yaitu pemberian kompos jerami padi 5 ton ha-1 dan pupuk NPK 125 kg ha-1 (½ dosis anjuran).

Kata kunci: Bobot buah, C-organik, Inseptisol, Tinggi dikotomus
The Estimation of Varian Components and Heritability Two Population of Bird Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Authors: Hakim Abdul , Syukur Muhamad , Wahyu Yudiwanti
Published: November 2019

Perakitan suatu varietas tanaman memerlukan informasi genetik mengenai sifat yang diinginkan. Salah satu cara untuk memperoleh informasi genetik yaitu melalui pendugaan komponen genetik dan nilai heritabilitas. Percobaan ini yang bertujuan memperoleh informasi komponen ragam dan nilai heritabilitasnya pada 2 populasi tanaman cabai rawit. Masing-masing populasi P1, P2, dan F1 ditanam dengan jumlah 40 tanaman, BCP1 dan BCP 2 sebanyak 100 tanaman dan F2 sebanyak 300 tanaman. Hasil pada populasi IPB C285 x IPB C290 menunjukkan nilai heritabilitas arti luas kategori tinggi untuk semua karakter kecuali pada karakter diameter buah. Jumlah buah per tanaman dan tebal daging buah memiliki nilai heritabilitas arti sempit kategori tinggi. Hasil pada populasi IPB C321 x IPB C290 menunjukkan heritabilitas arti luas kategori tinggi untuk semua karakter kecuali karakter bobot per buah. Karakter panjang buah termasuk dalam kategori tinggi untuk heritabilitas arti sempit. Rasio ragam aditif lebih besar daripada ragam non aditif pada populasi IPB C285 x IPB C290 untuk karakter jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot per buah, panjang buah, diameter buah, tebal daging buah dan umur panen sedangkan pada populasi IPB C321 x IPB C290 yaitu karakter jumlah buah per tanaman, panjang buah, tebal daging buah dan diameter buah. Metode seleksi yang bisa digunakan pada kedua populasi ini yaitu metode pedigree sehingga kegiatan seleksi bisa dilakukan pada generasi awal. Populasi IPB C285 x IPB C290 metode seleksi pedigree dilakukan pada karakter jumlah buah per tanaman dan bobot per buah sedangkan pada populasi IPB C321 x C290 metode seleksi pedigree dilakukan pada karakter panjang buah.

Kata kunci: aditif, cabai rawit, genetik, heritabilitas, karakter, keragaman
The Activity of Averrhoa bilimbi, Annona squamosa, and Tithonia diversifolia Extracts on Mortality and Growth Inhibition of Crocidolomia pavonana (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Larvae
Authors: Kusuma Tuti Harlina , Dadang  , Sri Ratna Endang
Published: November 2019

Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) merupakan salah satu hama penting yang dapat menurunkan produksi tanaman kubis-kubisan. Petani umumnya mengendalikan serangan hama ini dengan menggunakan insektisida sintetik. Namun, penggunaan insektisida sintetik yang terus-menerus dan berlebihan dapat menyebabkan dampak negatif pada serangga dan lingkungan seperti terjadinya resistensi dan resurjensi hama serta residu pada produk pertanian. Salah satu strategi alternatif yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi dampak negatif penggunaan insektisida sintetik adalah dengan memanfaatkan insektisida nabati. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak daun Averrhoa bilimbi, biji Annona squamosa, dan bunga Tithonia diversifolia terhadap mortalitas dan penghambatan pertumbuhan larva C. pavonana. Aktivitas mortalitas diuji dengan ekstrak tunggal dan campuran menggunakan metode residu pada daun. Aktivitas penghambatan pertumbuhan larva C. pavonana juga diuji dengan metode residu pada daun. Ekstrak A. squamosa pada konsentrasi 0.015% dapat mematikan larva C. pavonana sebesar 100% pada pengamatan 72 jam setelah perlakuan (JSP). Sementara itu, ekstrak T. diversifolia pada konsentrasi 5% mampu mematikan 88% larva pada pengamatan 144 JSP. Ekstrak campuran T. diversifolia dan A. squamosa pada rasio 1:1, 1:2, dan 2:1 (w/w) memberikan aktivitas mortalitas rendah. Ketiga ekstrak ini menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan pertumbuhan terhadap larva C. pavonana.

Kata kunci: Ekstrak campuran, hama kubis, insektisida nabati, toksisitas
The Effect of Drought Stress on Growth and Total Flavonoid Content of Tabat Barito Plant (Ficus deltoidea Jack)
Authors: Manurung Hetty , Kustiawan Wawan , Wijaya Kusuma Irawan , Marjenah
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan cekaman kekeringan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kadar flavonoid total tumbuhan tabat barito. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Mulawarman, menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan kapasitas lapang air (KL) yaitu: KL 100%, KL 80%, KL 60% dan KL 40%. Setelah tanaman berumur 9 bulan dilakukan pengamatan terhadap peubah pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, jumlah cabang, diameter batang, biomassa). Perlakuan cekaman kekeringan berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, diameter batang dan biomassa tanaman. Berdasarkan hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak daun tabat barito mengandung alkaloid, fenolik, flavonoid, steroid dan kumarin. Kadar total flavonoid ekstrak daun tertinggi dihasilkan pada perlakuan KL 40% sebesar 430.77 μg Catechin Equivalen (CE) mg-1 ekstrak daun dan berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan KL 100%, 80% dan 60%. Kadar flavonoid total terendah terdapat pada perlakuan KL 100% sebesar 282.05 μg CE mg-1 ekstrak. Secara umum, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan cekaman kekeringan secara nyata menghambat pertumbuhan dan meningkatkan kadar total flavonoid ekstrak daun tabat barito.

Kata kunci: budidaya, cekaman kekeringan, flavonoid, tabat barito (Ficus deltoidea)
Increasing Cauliflower Yields through Fertigation
Authors: Sofian Majesta Esa , Susila Anas Dinurrohman
Published: November 2019

Cauliflower is one the important vegetable crop in the tropics; the curd contains high fibres, potassium, carotene and vitamin C. However, the production and productivity of cauliflower in Indonesia has been low and cannot meet the demand, resulting in high importation of cauliflowers into Indonesia. Bogor Agricultural University has developed potential lowland cauliflower genotypes, BOB017 and BOB020, with higher productivity. In this study, we evaluated three fertigation methods on the growth, yield and economic returns of the two lowland cauliflower genotypes.  The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. The main plot contained two cauliflower genotypes, BOB017 and BOB020. The subplot was three fertilizer application methods: through drip irrigation, soil drench, and drilled. The results showed that BOB020 had an earlier harvest time (60 days) compared to BOB017 (71 days). The soil drench fertigation method showed the highest curd weight (351.64 g), curd diameter (14.65 cm) and yield (12.39 t.ha-1) compared to the other two fertigation methods. The BOB017 genotype fertilized with soil drench method resulted in the highest B/C ratio (3.32). The study concluded that growing cauliflower using the soil drench method resulted in the optimum growth of cauliflower, high yield and net income.
Correlations between Leaf Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and Leaf Chlorophyll, Anthocyanins and Carotenoids Content at Vegetative and Generative Stage of Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygealina Del.)
Authors: Tjhia Betty , Aziz Sandra Arifin , Suketi Ketty
Published: November 2019

Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Asteraceae) is a nutritional and medicinal plant that is used widely throughout tropical Africa and other countries. The leaves are proved to have strong antioxidant property. The concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, anthocyanins and carotenoids in five different leaf positions of vegetative and generative phases were studied. The aim of the study is to understand and to correlate the content of the three nutrients and the bioactive compounds along the five leaf positions at vegetative and generative stage of the crop growth. The study showed that the concentration of chlorophyll a and b was higher, and anthocyanin concentration was almost zero in the generative than in the vegetative stage. The leaf concentration of N, P, and K were higher in vegetative than in generative stage. At vegetative stage, N positively correlated with chlorophyll a at the 1st leaf; K had strong correlations with anthocyanins at the 2nd and 3rd leaf and with chlorophyll a at the 2nd and 5th, and with chlorophyll b and carotenoids at the 5th leaf. At the generative stage, P had a strong positive correlation with carotenoids at 4th and 5th leaves, and K positively correlated with chlorophyll a and b at 5th leaf. The findings suggest that bitter leaf is better to be harvested at vegetative stage, and that potassium level is important to increase ­anthocyanins and carotenoids content.
Cocoa Production Stability in Relation to Changing Rainfall and Temperature in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Santosa Edi , Sakti Ginanjar Pramudya , Fattah Muhamad Zainul , Zaman Sofyan , Wahjar Ade
Published: November 2019

Climate change as indicated by rising temperature and changing rainfall pattern has been known to affect cacao production in many production countries. However, studies on the effects of rainfall and temperature variability on the cacao production are rarely reported in Indonesia. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the stability of cocoa production in relation to rainfall and temperature variability in order to develop sustainable production under climate change scenario. Research was conducted at a state owned company in Jember District, East Java, Indonesia from February to June 2015. Production and climatic data of 2010-2015 were evaluated using simple regression and correlation analysis. Results revealed that productivity fluctuated among months and among years. However, the fluctuation among months (s2 = 117.076) was lower than among years (s2 = 311.225). Rainfall and temperature showed variability among months and among years; and the fluctuation among months was lower in both rainfall and temperature. Rainfall at one to four months before harvest correlated with production (r=0.400-0.671; P= 0.000 to 0.001) and temperature at two to four months before harvest determined cocoa production (r=0.371-0.412; P=0.001-0.003). High monthly cocoa production coincided with decreasing temperature and rainfall for 4 to 5 months during pod development. The presented study implies that both short and long term strategies should be implemented under climatic variability to sustain cocoa production. It is recommended to apply production technology to stabilize micro climate temperature and to minimize the impact of high rainfall such as shade plant and canopy manipulation.
Spray Hose Irrigation System Increased Yield of Polyethylene Mulched Shallot
Authors: Sumbayak Raka Daniel Lihardo , Susila Anas Dinurrohman
Published: November 2019

Spray hose is a micro-irrigation system using perforated hose as for micro irrigation. Shallot conventional cultivation requires lots of water and labor man days therefore is more efficient. Shallot cultivation system needs to be developed to increase yield and to reduce production cost. This research was conducted to compare conventional cultivation methods with using Spray hose and polyethylene mulch for shallot production. This research was conducted in a hydromorphic alluvial soil type at the Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies Field Station in Kersana, Brebes, Central Java (S 6 o, 55’, 20.536”; E 108o, 51”, 50618”) from May to July 2016. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a single factor and three levels of planting system, i.e. conventional ‘Surjan’ system without mulch, one line spray hose with mulch, and two lines spray hose with mulch, with five replications. The result showed that shallots production using of polyethylene mulch and two-line spray hose had higher yields than the conventional method. In addition, this system is more efficient in terms of labor requirement. Cost Revenue Analysis shows that conventional cultivation R/C ratio was 1.72, one-line spray hose R/C ratio was 1.92, while two-line spray hose was 2.26. This study demonstrated that the use of polyethylene mulch combined with two-line spray hose significantly improved shallot growth and increased bulb production, and more cost efficient.Keywords: R/C ratio, micro irrigation, labor, ‘Surjan’ system, soil drench, fertilizerConclusionIrrigation of shallot with two-line spray hose resulted in a better crop growth and a higher yield than conventional planting system and one-line spray hose for polyethylene mulched shallot.  Conventional planting system using more water and labor requirement than the two other treatments. Combination of  two-line spray hose and polyethylene mulch had the most eficient cost production of shalot compared to the  conventional system and one-line spray hose.
Determination of Fertilizer Doses of Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) “Rancing”
Authors: Ningrum Ayu Puspita , Suwarto Suwarto , Setiawan Asep
Published: November 2019

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potasium availability are the most thresholding factors for maximum growth and yield. The tuber yield of sweet potato varies depending on growing area therefore a fertilization program, especially in the type and the dose of the fertilizers, is required. This research was conducted in the Pasir Muncang experimental farm at Gadog, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The study site is located ±500 meters above sea levels, 6°39’31.90” south latitude and 106°52’7.77” east longitude. The experiment was started in May to September 2017. Multi nutrient response method was used for this study, and the interpretation of the results was used to develop fertilizer recommendations using single-nutrient quadratic model. The recommendation was determined using N, P2O5, K2O fertilizer response curve, where the first recommendation was calculated from the maximum relative yield,and the second, third, and fourth recommendation were determined from N, P2O5, K2O threshold. Each treatment for N, P and K was evaluated with different level of fertilizer dose using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The fertilizer doses were 50, 100, 150 and 200% from reference (100% N = 100 kg N ha-1, 100% P = 75 kg P2O5 ha-1, dan 100% K = 100 kg K2O ha-1). Relative yield of sweet potato (y), response to fertilizer (x) had improvement quadratically with equation y = -0.0017x2 + 0.538x + 40.035 for N, y = -0.0041x2 + 0.8595x + 38.211 for P2O5, and y = -0.0025x2 + 0.4318x + 73.377 for K2O. The optimized dose of fertilizer to get maximum yield of sweet potato tuber is 158.23 kg ha-1 of N, 78.60 kg ha-1 of P2O5, and 83.60 kg ha-1 K2O, or 343.97 kg ha-1 of Urea,  218.53 kg ha-1 of SP36 139.33 kg ha-1 of KCl.Keywords: multi nutrient response, nitrogen, relative yield, phosphorus, potassium
Production of Fruits and Leafy Vegetables Solanum nigrum Linn under Different Shade Levels
Authors: Yulianti Nani , Santosa Edi , Susila Anas Dinurrohman
Published: November 2019

Fruits and young shoot of Solanum nigrum Linn are harvested and consumed as indigenous vegetables by different Indonesian ethnics. Preharvest factors and harvesting methods to maximize the quality of S. nigrum produce is still unknown. In this study S. nigrum was grown in full irradiance and under shading and assessed for their growth, and fruit and shoot yields. The experiment was conducted at the Leuwikopo Experimental Farm in Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia from April-July 2017. The results demonstrated that plants produced more fruits and shoots in full irradiance, i.e., 687.9 g and 211.1 g per plant, whereas only 331.1 g and 116.9 g per plant were produced in 50% shading. Although fruit and shoot production were superior under full irradiance, shoot-harvested plants had healthier leaves and life span of about 2 months longer thus facilitating longer availability. Canopy of shoot-harvested plants formed a columnar shape with 23 to 45 cm in height,  in contrast to spherical shape with 48 to 203 cm in height of the fruit-harvested plants. It is likely that shading level might contribute to farmers’ decision to harvest the shoots or fruits of S. nigrum. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of shading levels on nutritional quality of the shoots and fruits of S. nigrum.  Keywords: African nightshade, canopy architecture, harvesting method, indigenous vegetable, intercropping
Photoautotrophic System: A Review and Potential Application for Plant Propagation In Vitro
Authors: Krisantini Krisantini , Wiendi Ni Made Armini
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe standard method of in vitro plant micro propagation uses of tightly closed culture bottles using agar media containing macro and micro nutrients and sucrose as a source of carbon for the explants. The closed bottle culture is usually kept in a temperature and light controlled environment which is lower and of different quality from the natural sunlight, resulting in high relative humidity and no air exchange inside the bottles.  Explants produced in vitro have malfunctioned stomata, undeveloped cuticles and lower leaf chlorophyll levels, and hyper hydration of the plantlets. Photoautotrophic tissue culture is micro propagation without or with a reduced sugar level in the culture media, so the growth or accumulation of carbohydrates of the explants is dependent fully upon photosynthesis and inorganic nutrient uptake. This method is usually combined with ventilation or CO2 enrichment, and recently, with incorporating porous materials such as vermiculite, gum or paper pulp to the agar media to promote better root system of the explants. This article discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the photoautotrophic micro propagation compared to the standard micro propagation methods, and provided the results of the photo autotrophic micro propagation studies conducted at Laboratory of Tissue Culture II of the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia.
Increasing Growth Rate and Production of Bioactive Compounds Curcuminoid and Xanthorrhizol in Javanese Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Rhizomes with Biso Zyme Application
Authors: Aziz Sandra Arifin , Ridwan Taopik , Batubara Irmanida
Published: November 2019

The bioactive compounds from Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), curcuminoid and xanthorrhizol, have been used to treat human diseases. This research aims to study the Javanese turmeric growth, its curcuminoid and xanthorrhizol content using Biso Zyme with different concentration and interval spraying. Biso Zyme is is conjugated enzyme concentrate (CEC) produced by yeast extracts that can be applied to the plant to increase and improve plant yields. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block factorial design with three replications. The concentrations of Biso Zyme were 0.0, 0.1, and 0.05 %, with monthly spraying intervals at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months after planting (MAP). The results showed that the highest leaf area index was 2.71 cm2g-1  followed by leaf area ratio which was 66.47 cm2.g-1 with 0.1% Biso Zyme application. Relative growth rate was 0.048 g.day-1while net assimilation rate was 0.00092 g.cm-2.day-1 without Biso Zyme application. The highest fresh and dry weight was those treated with 0.05% Biso Zyme applied at 4 to 5 MAP, i.e., 444.44 g and 68.72 g, respectively. The highest curcuminoid and xanthorrhizol contents were 0.435% and 1.505%, respectively, with 0.05% Biso Zyme spraying interval at 4 to 5 MAP, and 0.1%  Biso Zyme with sprayed at 1 to 5 MAP. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis detected standard curcuminoid at Rf 0.23 and xanthorrhizol at Rf 0.66 with dichloromethane:chloroform eluents. Keywords: curcuminoid, Javanese turmeric, Leaf Area Index, organic fertilizer, xanthorrhizol
In Vitro Mutagenesis of Etlingera elatior by Gamma Ray Intermittent Irradiation
Authors: Azzahra Elmi Irmayanti , Aisyah Syarifah Iis , Dinarti Diny , Krisantini Krisantini
Published: November 2019

Etlingera elatior is tropical ornamental plant commonly called “torch ginger” from Zingiberaceae family. Conventional breeding of E. elatior is limited by cross incompatibility, poor fruit set and low seed production.  In this study irradiation of E. elatior with Gamma ray performed to induce mutation. This study was aimed to increase morphological diversity and to obtain unique morphological characters to increase the aesthetic value of E. elatior as ornamental plants and cut flower. Two genotypes of E. elatior, red and white flowers, were tested. The LD20, LD35, and LD50 were determined following intermittent (split dose) Gamma irradiation with a two-hour gap between each gamma ray shot. Red genotype E. elatior explants were irradiated with dose of 3 + 3 Gy (LD20); 4 + 4 Gy (LD35) and 5 + 5 Gy (LD50); white genotype were irradiated with a dose of 2 + 2 Gy (LD20); 2.8 + 2.8 Gy (LD35) and 3.7 + 3.7 Gy (LD50). Non-irradiated explants were set as control.  The results of this study indicated that the increase in dose of gamma ray irradiation changed shoot length and number of leaves in the red genotype per explant as compared to control. Morphological changes occurred in leaf shape at 5 + 5 Gy and 3.7 + 3.7 Gy and formation of variegated leaves at 2.8 + 2.8 Gy and 5 + 5 Gy. Keywords: mutation breeding, ornamental plant, split irradiation dose, torch ginger, Zingiberaceae
Inheritance Of Shape And Kernel Color In Sweet Corn Using JM2 And JM4 Populations
Authors: Nugroho Rizki Anjal Puji , Syukur Muhamad , Suwarno Willy Bayuardi
Published: November 2019

Corn kernel is one of the most important characters that correlate with corn yield and quality. Sweet corn kernels can be distinguished by its color which is either yellow and white or pale yellow. Sweet corn breeding by crossing genotypes with different kernel colors will affect the inheritance pattern of kernel color. The aims of this research were to understand the inheritance pattern in sweet corn kernel color by crossing yellow and pale yellow color with red and purple corn kernels using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Genetic materials consisted of P1 (JM2 and JM4) and P2 (Red and Purple) and F1, F2, F3, and F1 reciprocals. P1 consists of JM2 and JM4 with flint shape with yellow and pale yellow color; P2 consists of Red and purple with non-yellow colored kernel and flint shape. The results showed maternal effect influenced the kernel color, but did not affect the kernel shape. Epistatic effects were found in kernel shape but it was co-dominant on kernel color inheritance. Broad-sense heritability values were high for all quantitative variables. Keywords : color, heritability, pale yellow, purple, red, shape
A Review of Root Pruning to Regulate Citrus Growth
Authors: Budiarto Rahmat , Poerwanto Roedhy , Santosa Edi , Efendi Darda
Published: November 2019

Root is the important plant organ hiding below the soil that serves as plant supporting structure, water and nutrient supplier and assimilates storage. Root growth occurs in turn with shoot part, forming repeated cyclic pattern because of the photosynthate competition. Root growth regulation is one of the promising practices to boost the yield of fruit tree, especially citrus that is economically important and highly demanded fruit. Root pruning varied based on the scale of intensity and plant growth stage, including air root pruning, knife root pruning and modern pruning using root pruner machine mounted to a tractor. Root pruning to induce the growth of more fi brous root system and to correct root deformation at seedling stage have potentials to improve post-transplant growth. Besides, it has a potential to replace the use of chemical plant growth regulator for a more environmentally friendly practice. The pruning of root impeded the canopy growth, altered the plant water status leading to fl ower promotion. In addition, it is also a promising practice to overcome the alternate bearing on fruit tree, including citrus, through the suppressing of excessive growth and restricting the high fruit load during the ‘on year’ and allowing a better carbohydrate storage for the improvement of yield during the ‘off year’.