bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Acylated 2,2′‐Bipyridine‐3,3′‐ diamines.
Authors: PALMANS A. R. A. , VEKEMANS J. A. J. M. , MEIJER E. W.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Iso‐Piritrexim, a Lipophilic Folate Antagonist.
Authors: TROSCHUETZ R. , ZINK M. , DENNSTEDT T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Imidazo(1,2‐a)pyrimidin‐5(1H)‐ones as Potential Antineoplastic Agents.
Authors: BADAWEY E.‐S. , KAPPE T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Purinoquinazolines. Three New Heterocyclic Ring Systems.
Authors: DA SETTIMO A. , PRIMOFIORE G. , CRISTINA B. M. , DA SETTIMO F. , MARINI A. M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of 1,2‐Diamines and β‐Ketoesters.
Authors: BAGROV F. V.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Products of Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates with 2,3‐ Diaminopyridine.
Authors: SEKI T. , IWANAMI Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles from Heterocycles. Part 3. 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Hexahydro‐ 1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐ones from 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐ triazines and Organic Isocyanates.
Authors: VERARDO G. , GIUMANINI A. G. , GORASSINI F. , STRAZZOLINI P. , BENETOLLO F. , BOMBIERI G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydrolysis of Phosphate Esters.
Authors: KADY I. O. , TAN B.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Derivatives of Muramic Acid and C‐1 Homologated α‐D‐ Glucose as Potential Inhibitors of Bacterial Transglycosylase.
Authors: BROOKS G. , EDWARDS P. D. , HATTO J. D. I. , SMALE T. C. , SOUTHGATE R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Serial Radical Cyclization of Pyranose‐Derived Dienes in the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Woodward′s Reserpine Precursor.
Authors: GOMEZ A. M. , LOPEZ J. C. , FRASER‐REID B.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Elucidation of the Structure of Quindolinone, a Minor Alkaloid of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta: Submilligram 1H‐13C and 1H‐15N Heteronuclear Shift Correlation Experiments Using Micro Inverse‐ Detection.
Authors: CROUCH R. C. , DAVIS A. O. , SPITZER T. D. , MARTIN G. E. , SHARAF M. M. H. , SCHIFF P. L. JUN. , PHOEBE C. H. JUN. , TACKIE A. N.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Racemic 5‐Substituted 1‐(2,3‐Dihydroxypropyl)‐6‐ azauracils and Their Isosteric Isomers
Authors: TZENG C.‐C. , HWANG L.‐C. , CHEN C.‐C. , WEI D.‐C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to the 1‐Arylnaphthalene Lignans Utilizing a Tandem Pummerer‐Diels‐Alder Reaction Sequence.
Authors: COCHRAN J. E. , PADWA A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Fine Scale PZT Ceramic Fiber/Polymer Shell Composite Transducers.
Authors: LIVNEH S. S. , JANAS V. F. , SAFARI A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Dealkylation of Methyl Aryl Ethers by Lithium Diphenylphosphide
Authors: VERIOT G. , COLLET A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromination and Oxidation with Benzyltrimethylammonium Tribromide
Authors: KAJIGAESHI S. , KAKINAMI T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lateral Lithiation Reactions Promoted by Heteroatomic Substituents
Authors: CLARK R. D. , JAHANGIR A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Intramolecular Michael Reaction
Authors: LITTLE R. D. , MASJEDIZADEH M. R. , WALLQUIST O. , MCLOUGHLIN J. I.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrosation and Nitric Oxide Chemistry
Authors: WILLIAMS D. L. H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Steric and Stereoelectronic Effects in 1,3,2‐Dioxaphosphorinanes
Authors: BENTRUDE W. G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Autopoiesis: Self‐Replication of Micelles and Vesicles
Authors: WALDE P. , BACHMANN P. A. , SCHMIDLI P. K. , LUISI P. L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Perfluorinated Resinsulfonic Acid (Nafion‐H) Catalysis in Organic Synthesis
Authors: YAMATO T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase (MAO‐A and MAO‐B) as Probes of Its Catalaytic Site and Mechanism
Authors: KALGUTKAR A. S. , CASTAGNOLI N. JUN. , TESTA B.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Muon Spin Resonance of Radicals on Surfaces
Authors: RODUNER E. , SCHWAGER M. , SHELLEY M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of 31P Shift and P‐P Coupling Data in the Chemistry of Organometallics Containing Two or More Phosphorus Atoms
Authors: HUGHES A. N.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pattern in Hydrogen Bonding: Functionality and Graph Set Analysis in Crystals
Authors: BERNSTEIN J. , DAVIS R. E. , SHIMONI L. , CHANG N.‐L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Numerical Investigation of the Reactive Dividing Wall Column Exemplified by Methyl Acetate Hydrolysis
Authors: Müller I. , Kenig E. Y.
Published: August 2010

Reaktive Trennwandkolonnen bieten eine Möglichkeit, die Vorzüge der Trennwandkolonnen und der Reaktivrektifikation in einem Apparat zu kombinieren. Aufgrund der Neuartigkeit dieses komplexen Verfahrens sind ausgiebige, numerische Untersuchungen unabdingbar. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein auf dem rigorosen Stoffaustauschmodell basiertes Simulationstool entwickelt. Die erfolgreiche Validierung des Modells und des Simulationstools anhand von Experimenten wird vorgestellt.
The Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interface: Electric Double Layer and Metal Electrodeposition
Authors: Su Yu‐Zhuan , Fu Yong‐Chun , Wei Yi‐Min , Yan Jia‐Wei , Mao Bing‐Wei
Published: August 2010

The last decade has witnessed remarkable advances in interfacial electrochemistry in room‐temperature ionic liquids. Although the wide electrochemical window of ionic liquids is of primary concern in this new type of solvent for electrochemistry, the unusual bulk and interfacial properties brought about by the intrinsic strong interactions in the ionic liquid system also substantially influence the structure and processes at electrode/ionic liquid interfaces. Theoretical modeling and experimental characterizations have been indispensable in reaching a microscopic understanding of electrode/ionic liquid interfaces and in elucidating the physics behind new phenomena in ionic liquids. This Minireview describes the status of some aspects of interfacial electrochemistry in ionic liquids. Emphasis is placed on high‐resolution and molecular‐level characterization by scanning tunneling microscopy and vibrational spectroscopies of interfacial structures, and the initial stage of metal electrodeposition with application in surface nanostructuring.
Segregation into Layers: A General Problem for Structural Instability under Pressure, Exemplified by SnH4
Authors: Gonzalez‐Morelos Paulina , Hoffmann Roald , Ashcroft N. W.
Published: August 2010

When a molecular compound is thermodynamically unstable (but kinetically persistent) with respect to the elements, structures that contain segregated layers of the elements may be favored at moderate pressures, as a compromise between the potential stability of novel electronic configurations and decomposition into the elements (or other stable compounds). We use stannane, SnH4, to approach this quite general problem theoretically, since the heat of formation of SnH4 is so positive. Our ground‐state DFT searches for optimal structures begin with slabs formed from 1–4 layers of tin atoms in the β‐Sn and bcc configurations, and also slabs of molecular hydrogen or hydrogen atoms, preserving the overall SnH4 stoichiometry. As argued, segregated layers are an important structural feature in the lower‐ and moderate‐pressure regime (0 and 50 GPa). By 140 GPa (V/V0=0.21) the coordination of tin and hydrogen increases and the slabs disappear, as judged from the optimized structures.
Generating signals with multiscale time irreversibility: The asymmetric weierstrass function
Authors: Burykin Anton , Costa Madalena D. , Peng Chung‐Kang , Goldberger Ary L. , Buchman Timothy G.
Published: August 2010

Time irreversibility (asymmetry with respect to time reversal) is an important property of many time series derived from processes in nature. Some time series (e.g., healthy heart rate dynamics) demonstrate even more complex, multiscale irreversibility, such that not only the original but also coarse‐grained time series are asymmetric over a wide range of scales. Several indices to quantify multiscale asymmetry have been introduced. However, there has been no simple generator of model time series with “tunable” multiscale asymmetry to test such indices. We introduce an asymmetric Weierstrass function WA (constructed from asymmetric sawtooth functions instead of cosine waves) that can be used to construct time series with any given value of the multiscale asymmetry. We show that multiscale asymmetry appears to be independent of other multiscale complexity indices, such as fractal dimension and multiscale entropy. We further generalize the concept of multiscale asymmetry by introducing time‐dependent (local) multiscale asymmetry and provide examples of such time series. The WA function combines two essential features of complex fluctuations, namely fractality (self‐similarity) and irreversibility (multiscale time asymmetry); moreover, each of these features can be tuned independently. The proposed family of functions can be used to compare and refine multiscale measures of time series asymmetry. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 16: 29‐38, 2011
The effect of gossip on social networks
Authors: Shaw Allison K. , Tsvetkova Milena , Daneshvar Roozbeh
Published: August 2010

In this article, we develop a simple model for the effect of gossip spread on social network structure. We define gossip as information passed between two individuals A and B about a third individual C which affects the strengths of all three relationships: it strengthens A‐B and weakens both B‐C and A‐C. We find, in both an analytic derivation and model simulations, that if gossip does not spread beyond simple triads, it destroys them but if gossip propagates through large dense clusters, it strengthens them. Additionally, our simulations show that the effect of gossip on network metrics (clustering coefficient, average‐path‐length, and sum‐of‐strengths) varies with network structure and average‐node‐degree. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 16: 39‐47, 2011
Enacting and reproducing social and individual identity through mediation
Authors: Chia Ho‐Beng , Chong Chee‐Leong , Lee‐Partridge Joo‐Eng , Hwee Chantel Chu Shi , Wei‐Fei Sharon Francesca Koh
Published: August 2010

Mediation practices play a major role in shaping and defining cultural and individual identity. They are essentially social processes that embody the language, symbols, rituals, practices, and values of culture and at the same time create them. From examination of the discourse and stylized idioms used by Chinese‐Malaysian mediators, cultural embodiment and reproduction were evident in their practices. In fact, the goals, values, and roles of the mediators and enactment of the mediation process as a social exchange stand in marked contrast to the normative model of mediation encouraged by Lawyers Engaged in Alternative Dispute Resolution (LEADR) and Charlton and Dewdney (1995).
Synthesis of a Dinuclear Naphthalocyanine Analogue with Absorption in the NIR
Authors: Makarov Sergey G. , Suvorova Olga N. , Schnurpfeil Günter , Wöhrle Dieter
Published: August 2010

A dinuclear naphthalocyanine analogue containing two incomplete naphthalocyanine macrocycles connected by a shared benzene ring was synthesized in good yield. The long‐wavelength absorption band in the electronic spectrum is observed at λ = 965 nm. As a consequence of the π‐system extension caused by dimerization and addition of further peripheral benzene rings, this band is shifted bathochromically by approximately 300 nm compared to absorption bands of mononuclear phthalocyanines.
New [2]Boraferrocenophane and Diferrocenyldiborane(4) Derivatives
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Damme Alexander , Kupfer Thomas
Published: August 2010

The new [2]boraferrocenophane derivative [Fe(η5‐C5H4)–B(Mes)–B(Mes)–(η5‐C5H4)] (2) was prepared by reaction of 1,1′‐dilithioferrocene with B2(Mes)2Cl2. In addition, the diborane(4) B2(NMe2)2Fc2 (3) was isolated from the reaction of B2(NMe2)2Cl2 and monolithioferrocene. Both species were fully characterized including X‐ray diffraction analyses. While B2(NMe2)2Fc2 (3) adopts an unstrained geometry, [2]boraferrocenophane 2 features notable molecular ring strain manifested in the tilt‐angle a = 10.5(2)°.
Assembly of the Bis(imidazolyl)propene Core of Nagelamides C and S by Double Grignard Reaction
Authors: Jacobi Nicolas , Lindel Thomas
Published: August 2010

As characteristic structural elements of several of the non‐monomeric pyrrole‐imidazole alkaloids, 1,1‐bis(imidazolyl)propenes were assembled in a facile manner by double Grignard reaction of metalated imidazoles with saturated esters, followed by dehydration. The presence of nitrile functions or acryl esters in the electrophile component leads to competing reactions, whereas propargyl esters are tolerated. Introduction of 2‐amino groups was possible via the corresponding dimethylsulfamoyl‐protected 2‐azidoimidazoles, which had to be deprotected prior to hydrogenation. NOESY‐based analysis revealed preferred orientation of the imidazole 5‐positions towards the propenyl chain.
A Non‐isothermal Model of a Laboratory Intermediate Temperature Fuel Cell Using PBI Doped Phosphoric Acid Membranes
Authors: Sousa T. , Mamlouk M. , Scott K.
Published: August 2010

A two‐dimensional non‐isothermal model developed for a single intermediate temperature fuel cell with a phosphoric acid (PA) doped PBI membrane is developed. The model of the experimental cell incorporates the external heaters, and the body of the fuel cell. The catalyst layers were treated as spherical catalyst particles agglomerates with porous inter‐agglomerate space. The inter‐agglomerate space is filled with a mixture of electrolyte (hot PA) and PTFE. All the major transport phenomena are taken into account except the crossover of species through the membrane. This model was used to study the influence of two different geometries (along the channel direction and cross the channel direction) on performance. It became clear, through the performance analyses, that the predictions obtained by along the channel geometry did not represent the general performance trend, and therefore this geometry is not appropriate for fuel cell simulations. Results also indicate that the catalyst layer was not efficiently used, which leads to large temperature differences through the MEA.
A variance components factor model for genetic association studies: A Bayesian analysis
Authors: Nonyane B.A.S. , Whittaker J.C.
Published: August 2010

Studies of gene‐trait associations for complex diseases often involve multiple traits that may vary by genotype groups or patterns. Such traits are usually manifestations of lower‐dimensional latent factors or disease syndromes. We illustrate the use of a variance components factor (VCF) model to model the association between multiple traits and genotype groups as well as any other existing patient‐level covariates. This model characterizes the correlations between traits as underlying latent factors that can be used in clinical decision‐making. We apply it within the Bayesian framework and provide a straightforward implementation using the WinBUGS software. The VCF model is illustrated with simulated data and an example that comprises changes in plasma lipid measurements of patients who were treated with statins to lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and polymorphisms from the apolipoprotein‐E gene. The simulation shows that this model clearly characterizes existing multiple trait manifestations across genotype groups where individuals' group assignments are fully observed or can be deduced from the observed data. It also allows one to investigate covariate by genotype group interactions that may explain the variability in the traits. The flexibility to characterize such multiple trait manifestations makes the VCF model more desirable than the univariate variance components model, which is applied to each trait separately. The Bayesian framework offers a flexible approach that allows one to incorporate prior information. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 529–536, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pooled versus individual genotyping in a breast cancer genome‐wide association study
Authors: Huang Ying , Hinds David A. , Qi Lihong , Prentice Ross L.
Published: August 2010

We examine the measurement properties of pooled DNA odds ratio estimates for 7,357 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in a genome‐wide association study of postmenopausal breast cancer. This study involved DNA pools formed from 125 cases or125 matched controls. Individual genotyping for these SNPs subsequently came available for a substantial majority of women included in seven pool pairs, providing the opportunity for a comparison of pooled DNA and individual odds ratio estimates and their variances. We find that the “per minor allele” odds ratio estimates from the pooled DNA comparisons agree fairly well with those from individual genotyping. Furthermore, the log‐odds ratio variance estimates support a pooled DNA measurement model that we previously described, although with somewhat greater extra‐binomial variation than was hypothesized in project design. Implications for the role of pooled DNA comparisons in the future genetic epidemiology research agenda are discussed. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 603–612, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Double health insurance coverage and health care utilisation: evidence from quantile regression
Authors: Moreira Sara , Barros Pedro Pita
Published: August 2010

Double health insurance coverage exists when an individual benefits from more than one health insurance plan at the same time. We examine the impact of such supplementary insurance on the utilisation of doctor consultations in Portugal, taking advantage of institutional features which make double coverage plausibly exogenous. The novelty is that the analysis is carried out for different points of the conditional distribution, not only for its mean location, within the context of count data modelling and without imposing restrictive parametric assumptions.

Results indicate that double coverage creates additional utilisation of health care across the whole outcome distribution for both public and private second layers of health insurance coverage but with greater magnitude in the latter group. We unveil that this additional consumption effect is relatively smaller for more frequent users. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regioselective Synthesis of 5‐(Arylsulfanyl)‐ and 5‐(Benzylsulfanyl)‐6‐phenylsalicylates by One‐Pot Cyclizations of 1,3‐Bis(silyloxy)buta‐1,3‐dienes with 2‐(Arylsulfanyl)‐ and 5‐(Benzylsulfanyl)‐3‐ethoxy‐1‐phenylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones
Authors: Fatunsin Olumide , Shkoor Mohanad , Riahi Abdolmajid , Hussain Munawar , Villinger Alexander , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter
Published: August 2010

5‐(Arylsulfanyl)‐6‐phenylsalicylates were prepared by one‐pot cyclizations of 1,3‐bis(trimethylsilyloxy)buta‐1,3‐dienes with 2‐(arylsulfanyl)‐3‐ethoxy‐1‐phenylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones.
The Propensity of α‐Aminoisobutyric Acid (=2‐Methylalanine; Aib) to Induce Helical Secondary Structure in an α‐Heptapeptide: A Computational Study
Authors: Wang Dongqi , Friedmann Michael , Gattin Zrinka , Jaun Bernhard , van Gunsteren Wilfred F.
Published: August 2010

We present a molecular‐dynamics simulation study of an α‐heptapeptide containing an α‐aminoisobutyric acid (=2‐methylalanine; Aib) residue, Val1‐Ala2‐Leu3‐Aib4‐Ile5‐Met6‐Phe7, and a quantum‐mechanical (QM) study of simplified models to investigate the propensity of the Aib residue to induce 310/α‐helical conformation. For comparison, we have also performed simulations of three analogues of the peptide with the Aib residue being replaced by L‐Ala, D‐Ala, and Gly, respectively, which provide information on the subtitution effect at C(α) (two Me groups for Aib, one for L‐Ala and D‐Ala, and zero for Gly). Our simulations suggest that, in MeOH, the heptapeptide hardly folds into canonical helical conformations, but appears to populate multiple conformations, i.e., C7 and 310‐helical ones, which is in agreement with results from the QM calculations and NMR experiments. The populations of these conformations depend on the polarity of the solvent. Our study confirms that a short peptide, though with the presence of an Aib residue in the middle of the chain, does not have to fold to an α‐helical secondary structure. To generate a helical conformation for a linear peptide, several Aib residues should be present in the peptide, either sequentially or alternatively, to enhance the propensity of Aib‐containing peptides towards the helical conformation. A correction of a few of the published NMR data is reported.
Report on an Unusual Cascade Reaction between Azulenes and 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (=4,5‐Dichloro‐3,6‐dioxocyclohexa‐1,4‐diene‐1,2‐dicarbonitrile; DDQ)
Authors: Sigrist Rolf , Hansen Hans‐Jürgen
Published: August 2010

The oxidation of 1‐(3,8‐dimethylazulen‐1‐yl)alkan‐1‐ones 1 with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (=4,5‐dichloro‐3,6‐dioxocyclohexa‐1,4‐diene‐1,2‐dicarbonitrile; DDQ) in acetone/H2O mixtures at room temperature does not only lead to the corresponding azulene‐1‐carboxaldehydes 2 but also, in small amounts, to three further products (Tables 1 and 2). The structures of the additional products 3–5 were solved spectroscopically, and that of 3a also by an X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis (Fig. 1). It is demonstrated that the bis(azulenylmethyl)‐substituted DDQ derivatives 5 yield on methanolysis or hydrolysis precursors, which in a cascade of reactions rearrange under loss of HCl into the pentacyclic compounds 3 (Schemes 4 and 7). The found 1,1′‐[carbonylbis(8‐methylazulene‐3,1‐diyl)]bis[ethanones] 4 are the result of further oxidation of the azulene‐1‐carboxaldehydes 2 to the corresponding azulene‐1‐carboxylic acids (Schemes 9 and 10).
Numerical methods for interactive multiple‐class image segmentation problems
Authors: Ng Michael K. , Qiu Guoping , Yip Andy M.
Published: August 2010

In this article, we consider a bilaterally constrained optimization model arising from the semisupervised multiple‐class image segmentation problem. We prove that the solution of the corresponding unconstrained problem satisfies a discrete maximum principle. This implies that the bilateral constraints are satisfied automatically and that the solution is unique. Although the structure of the coefficient matrices arising from the optimality conditions of the segmentation problem is different for different input images, we show that they are M‐matrices in general. Therefore, we study several numerical methods for solving such linear systems and demonstrate that domain decomposition with block relaxation methods are quite effective and outperform other tested methods. We also carry out a numerical study of condition numbers on the effect of boundary conditions on the optimization problems, which provides some insights into the specification of boundary conditions as an input knowledge in the learning context. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 191–201, 2010
Watermarking in halftone images with noise balance strategy
Authors: Guo Jing‐Ming , Pei Soo‐Chang , Lee Hua
Published: August 2010

Two novel and robust methods for embedding watermarks into error‐diffused halftone images are presented in this study. The first method is referred to as Dither‐Referenced Error Diffusion (DREDF), where the proposed Average Ordered Dithering (AOD) is adopted to produce the referenced halftone image. The Noise‐ Balanced Error diffusion (NBEDF) is then applied to embed the watermark. The other method is referred to as Parity‐Matched Error Diffusion (PMEDF). This approach achieves good image quality and capacity as high as 6.25 to 25%. Since the two techniques are blind, the decoder does not need any priori knowledge of the original halftone image or watermark. The capacity of the two approaches is also flexible to accommodate all kinds of applications. As the experimental results demonstrated, both techniques are able to guard against degradation due to cropping, tampering, and the print‐and‐scan process in error‐diffused halftone images. Moreover, both methods have features of low computational complexity, low memory demand, and good image quality. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 202–214, 2010.
Moving target detection using super‐resolution algorithms with an ultra wideband radar
Authors: Engin Erman , Özcan Meriç
Published: August 2010

We present subspace based detection algorithms for detecting moving targets applied to the data collected by an ultra wideband radar system. Combining the results of time reversal MUSIC algorithm and delay estimation MUSIC methods resulted in successful localization of targets. We have investigated methods to resolve the ambiguities in target detection and we performed experiments using two targets to test the effectiveness of the algorithms. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 237–244, 2010
Fyn promotes proliferation, differentiation, survival and function of osteoclast lineage cells
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Ju , Warren Julia T. , Kim Shin‐Yoon , Chappel Jean C. , DeSelm Carl J. , Ross F. Patrick , Zou Wei , Teitelbaum Steven L.
Published: August 2010

c‐Src and Lyn are the only Src family kinases (SFKs) with established activity in osteoclasts (OCs). c‐Src promotes function via cytoskeletal organization of the mature resorptive cell while Lyn is a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis. We establish that Fyn, another SFK, also impacts the OC, but in a manner distinctly different than c‐Src and Lyn. Fyn deficiency principally alters cells throughout the osteoclastogenic process, resulting in diminished numbers of resorptive polykaryons. Arrested OC formation in the face of insufficient Fyn reflects reduced proliferation of precursors, in response to M‐CSF and retarded RANK ligand (RANKL)‐induced differentiation, attended by suppressed activation of the osteoclastogenic signaling molecules, c‐Jun, and NF‐κB. The anti‐apoptotic properties of RANKL are also compromised in cells deleted of Fyn, an event mediated by increased Bim expression and failed activation of Akt. The defective osteoclastogenesis of Fyn−/− OCs dampens bone resorption, in vitro. Finally, while Fyn deficiency does not regulate basal osteoclastogenesis, in vivo, it reduces that stimulated by RANKL by ∼2/3. Thus, Fyn is a pro‐resorptive SFK, which exerts its effects by prompting proliferation and differentiation while attenuating apoptosis of OC lineage cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1107–1113, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thapsigargin‐induced Ca2+ increase inhibits TGFβ1‐mediated Smad2 transcriptional responses via Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II
Authors: Ming Ming , Manzini Ivan , Le Weidong , Krieglstein Kerstin , Spittau Björn
Published: August 2010

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signalling plays important roles in a variety of tissues and cell types. Impaired TGFβ signalling contributes to several pathologies, including cancer, fibrosis as well as neurodegenerative diseases. TGFβ receptor type I‐mediated phosphorylation of Smad2, the formation of the Smad2–Smad4 complex and translocation to the nucleus are critical steps of the TGFβ signalling pathway. Here, we demonstrate that thapsigargin‐mediated increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations inhibited TGFβ1‐induced Smad2 transcriptional activity in the oligodendroglial cell line OLI‐neu. We provide evidence that thapsigargin treatment dramatically reduced the nuclear translocation of Smad2 after TGFβ1 treatment but had no effect on its phosphorylation at Ser465/467. Moreover, using Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitors and a constitutively active CaMKII mutant, we provide evidence that the observed inhibition of TGFβ signalling in OLI‐neu cells was strongly dependent on Ca2+‐mediated CaMKII activation. In summary, this study clearly shows that the TGFβ1‐induced Smad2 nuclear translocation is negatively regulated by intracellular Ca2+ in OLI‐neu cells and that increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations block Smad2‐mediated transcription of TGFβ target genes. These results underline the importance of intracellular Ca2+ for the regulation of TGFβ signalling. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1222–1230, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of Lysyl Oxidase Propeptide in Secretion and Enzyme Activity
Authors: Grimsby Jessica L. , Lucero Hector A. , Trackman Philip C. , Ravid Katya , Kagan Herbert M.
Published: August 2010

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is secreted as a proenzyme (proLOX) that is proteolytically processed in the extracellular milieu to release the propeptide and mature, active LOX. LOX oxidizes lysyl residues of a number of protein substrates in the extracellular matrix and on the cell surface, which impacts several physiological and disease states. Although the LOX propeptide (LOX‐PP) is glycosylated, little is known about the role of this modification in LOX secretion and activity. To gain insight into this issue, cells were transfected with native, full‐length LOX cDNA (pre‐pro‐LOX), the N‐glycosylation null pre‐[N/Q]pro‐LOX cDNA and the deletion mutant pre‐LOX cDNA, referred to as secretory LOX, in which mature LOX is targeted to the secretory pathway without its N‐terminal propeptide sequence. The results show that glycosylation of the LOX‐PP is not required for secretion and extracellular processing of pro‐LOX but it is required for optimal enzyme activity of the resulting mature LOX. Complete deletion of the propeptide sequence prevents mature LOX from exiting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Taken together, our study points out the requirement of the LOX‐PP for pro‐LOX exit from the ER and is the first to highlight the influence of LOX‐PP glycosylation on LOX enzyme activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1231–1243, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Micro‐RNA‐145 is regulated by a highly conserved genomic sequence 3′ to the pre‐miR
Authors: La Rocca Gaspare , Shi Bin , Sepp‐Lorenzino Laura , Baserga Renato
Published: August 2010

Micro‐RNA‐145 (miR145), a tumor suppressor miR, dramatically inhibits growth of cancer cells in culture and plays a significant role in human stem cells differentiation. We have isolated a human genomic sequence of 864 bp comprising the pre‐miR and its flanking sequences. The cloned miR145 genomic sequence expresses a mature miR145 in transfected cells. We show here that flanking sequences on either side of the pre‐miR sequence can modulate its expression levels. Surprisingly, a highly conserved sequence 3′ to the pre‐miR plays a crucial role in miR145 expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 602–607, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myeloid‐specific GPCR kinase‐2 negatively regulates NF‐κB1p105‐ERK pathway and limits endotoxemic shock in mice
Authors: Patial Sonika , Saini Yogesh , Parvataneni Sitaram , Appledorn Daniel M. , Dorn Gerald W. , LaPres John J. , Amalfitano Andrea , Senagore Patricia , Parameswaran Narayanan
Published: August 2010

G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a member of a kinase family originally discovered for its role in the phosphorylation and desensitization of G‐protein‐coupled receptors. It is expressed in high levels in myeloid cells and its levels are altered in many inflammatory disorders including sepsis. To address the physiological role of myeloid cell‐specific GRK2 in inflammation, we generated mice bearing GRK2 deletion in myeloid cells (GRK2▵mye). GRK2▵mye mice exhibited exaggerated inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, and organ injury in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a TLR4 ligand) when compared to wild‐type littermates (GRK2fl/fl). Consistent with this, peritoneal macrophages from GRK2▵mye mice showed enhanced inflammatory cytokine levels when stimulated with LPS. Our results further identify TLR4‐induced NF‐κB1p105‐ERK pathway to be selectively regulated by GRK2. LPS‐induced activation of NF‐κB1p105‐MEK‐ERK pathway is significantly enhanced in the GRK2▵mye macrophages compared to GRK2fl/fl cells and importantly, inhibition of the p105 and ERK pathways in the GRK2▵mye macrophages, limits the enhanced production of LPS‐induced cytokines/chemokines. Taken together, our studies reveal previously undescribed negative regulatory role for GRK2 in TLR4‐induced p105‐ERK pathway as well as in the consequent inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production and endotoxemia in mice. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 627–637, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rab11b and its effector Rip11 regulate the acidosis‐induced traffic of V‐ATPase in salivary ducts
Authors: Oehlke Oliver , Martin Henno W. , Osterberg Nadja , Roussa Eleni
Published: August 2010

Redistribution of acid‐base transporters is a crucial regulatory mechanism for many types of cells to cope with extracellular pH changes. In epithelial cells, however, translocation of acid‐base transporters ultimately leads to changes in vectorial transport of H+ and HCO. We have previously shown that the bicarbonate‐secreting epithelium of salivary ducts responds to changes of systemic acid‐base balance by adaptive redistribution of H+ and HCO transporters, thereby influencing the ionic composition and buffering capacity of saliva. However, the specific proteins involved in regulated vesicular traffic of acid‐base transporters are largely unknown. In the present study we have investigated the impact of Rab11 family members on the acidosis‐induced trafficking of the vacuolar‐type H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) in salivary duct cells in vitro using the human submandibular cell line of ductal origin HSG as an experimental model. The results show that Rab11b is expressed in salivary ducts and exhibits a significantly higher co‐localization with V‐ATPase than Rab11a and Rab25. We also show that Rab11 but not Rab25 interacts with the ε subunit of V‐ATPase. Extracellular acidosis up‐regulates Rab11b expression and protein abundance in HSG cells and causes translocation of the V‐ATPase from intracellular pools toward the plasma membrane. Loss‐of‐function experiments using specific siRNA either against Rab11b or against its effector Rip11 prevent acidosis‐induced V‐ATPase translocation. These data introduce Rab11b as a crucial regulator and Rip11 as mediator of acidosis‐induced V‐ATPase traffic in duct cells of submandibular gland. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 638–651, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glutamate preferentially suppresses osteoblastogenesis than adipogenesis through the cystine/glutamate antiporter in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Takarada‐Iemata Mika , Takarada Takeshi , Nakamura Yukari , Nakatani Eri , Hori Osamu , Yoneda Yukio
Published: August 2010

We have shown that glutamate (Glu) signaling machineries, such as receptors (GluR) and transporters, are functionally expressed by mesenchymal stem cells, in addition to by their progeny cells such as osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Sustained exposure to Glu induced significant decreases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and osteoblastic marker gene expression in the mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 stem cells infected with runt‐related transcription factor‐2 (Runx2) adenovirus, without markedly affecting Oil Red O staining for adipocytes in cells cultured with adipogenic inducers. In cells with Runx2 adenovirus, the cystine/Glu antiporter substrate cystine significantly prevented the decreases by Glu in both ALP staining and osteoblastic marker gene expression, with GluR agonists being ineffective. In cells with Runx2 adenovirus, Glu significantly decreased [14C]cystine uptake, intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, Runx2 recruitment to osteocalcin promoter and nuclear Runx2 protein level, respectively. Cystine again significantly prevented the decreases by Glu in both GSH levels and Runx2 recruitment. In mouse bone marrow stromal cells, Glu and a GSH depleter significantly decreased ALP staining without affecting Oil Red O staining. Knockdown of the cystine/Glu antiporter led to markedly decreased ALP staining and GSH levels, with concomitant prevention of the decrease by Glu, in cells with Runx2 adenovirus. These results suggest that Glu may play a role as a negative regulator at an early differentiation stage into osteoblasts than adipocytes through a mechanism relevant to nuclear translocation of Runx2 after regulation of intracellular GSH levels by the cystine/Glu antiporter expressed in mesenchymal stem cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 652–665, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly selective synthesis of propylene glycol ether from methanol and propylene oxide catalyzed by basic ionic liquid
Authors: De Chunyan , Cai Qinghai , Wang Xiaoguang , Zhao Jingxiang , Lu Bin
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: Propylene glycol ether is expected to be a safe substitute for toxic ethylene glycol ether usually used in industry owing to its negligible toxicity. Although catalysis of solid acids or bases for the synthesis of the ether can avoid separation of catalysts, liquid waste treatment and corrosion problems, it suffers from drawbacks, e.g. lower activity and selectivity to target product, high reaction pressure and temperature. In order to solve these problems, a basic ionic liquid, namely choline hydroxide was prepared and used as a catalyst for synthesis of the ether via atom‐economy reaction from propylene oxide and methanol.

RESULTS: The ionic liquid showed excellent catalytic performance exhibiting 95.4% conversion of propylene oxide (PO) and 94.6% selectivity to 1‐methoxy‐2‐propanol. It is also an effective catalyst for the reaction of PO with other primary alcohols to yield corresponding ethers. In addition this catalyst can be recovered and reused.

CONCLUSION: The high activity and selectivity can probably be ascribed to its basicity and/or the strong polarity and electrostatic field of the reaction medium caused by the ionic liquid. These findings are very rare in synthesis of propylene glycol ether to our knowledge. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Skull modularity in neotropical marsupials and monkeys: size variation and evolutionary constraint and flexibility
Authors: Shirai Leila T. , Marroig Gabriel
Published: August 2010

An organism is built through a series of contingent factors, yet it is determined by historical, physical, and developmental constraints. A constraint should not be understood as an absolute obstacle to evolution, as it may also generate new possibilities for evolutionary change. Modularity is, in this context, an important way of organizing biological information and has been recognized as a central concept in evolutionary biology bridging on developmental, genetics, morphological, biochemical, and physiological studies. In this article, we explore how modularity affects the evolution of a complex system in two mammalian lineages by analyzing correlation, variance/covariance, and residual matrices (without size variation). We use the multivariate response to selection equation to simulate the behavior of Eutheria and Metharia skulls in terms of their evolutionary flexibility and constraints. We relate these results to classical approaches based on morphological integration tests based on functional/developmental hypotheses. Eutherians (Neotropical primates) showed smaller magnitudes of integration compared with Metatheria (didelphids) and also skull modules more clearly delimited. Didelphids showed higher magnitudes of integration and their modularity is strongly influenced by within‐groups size variation to a degree that evolutionary responses are basically aligned with size variation. Primates still have a good portion of the total variation based on size; however, their enhanced modularization allows a broader spectrum of responses, more similar to the selection gradients applied (enhanced flexibility). Without size variation, both groups become much more similar in terms of modularity patterns and magnitudes and, consequently, in their evolutionary flexibility. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:663–683, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.