bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Level of Nesfatin -1, Calcium and Vitamin D in Women with Gestational Diabetes Versus Control
Authors: Hanan M Chiad  , Shatha M. J.AL-Khateeb  , Israa Hamid
Published: April 2021

Objective:This study was designed to investigate serum level nesfatin-1 and determine the association ofnesfatin-1, calcium level and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH )D) level in women with gestational diabetesmellitus (GDM) versus controlsMethods: A88 pregnant women at 24-28 weeks gestation were included in this study .Forty four womendiagnosed with gestational diabetes and 44 women without gestational diabetes both groups were matchedin age and body mass index . Then we classify each group depended on 25(OH) D status (sufficient,insufficient and deficient). nesfatin-1 and vitamin D levels were analyzed using ELISA (enzyme linkimmunosorbent assay) a cut off value for serum calcium were assessed using colorimetric method, cutoff value were used according to manufacture instruction and the a comparison was done between aboveparameters. Furthermore, insufficient and deficient 25(OH)D gestational diabetes group had significantlyhigher fasting blood sugar compared to matched control group .Conclusion: Nesfatin-1 levels, 25(OH)D and calcium were not differ between the two groups statistically.
Comparison of Non-Fasting and Fasting Lipid Profile in Dyslipidemia Patients
Authors: Fatimah Kadhim Ibrahim AL- Mahdawi  , Abed Sultan Hassan  , Wasan A.Wahab Alsiadi
Published: April 2021

Dyslipidemia, a metabolic syndrome characteristic, includes increased flux of free fatty acids, high densitylipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. One of the main topics of screening andmanagement in adult and child populations has been dyslipidemiaThe aim of this study was to evaluate non-fasting and fasting when measuring the lipid profile of patientswith dyslipidemia.This study was performed 80 male of dyslipidemia patients, they were monitored and their lipid profilelevels measured during non- fasting were collected after 2 hours of meal, and varying hours of fastingperiods includes (4 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours).In this study we did not found any significant clinical difference between non-fasting and fasting levels oftotal cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein. Thus, we can use the non-fastingblood samples to estimate lipid profile in follow-up the dyslipidemia patients. When comparing the fastinghours, we observed mean triglyceride for all period of fasting were differences, as compared to the nonefforts fasting state significant differences P< 0.001Finally, there is no need to make fasting lipid profile mandatory. This study suggests that should be made tosimplify the sampling of blood by replacing the profile of fasting lipids with the profile of non-fasting lipids.
Detection of Sero-positive Anti- toxoplasmosis Anti-bodes IgG among Women in Baghdad Province
Authors: Abdullah Abbas Hamzah  , Qater Al-Nada Ali Kanaem ALIbady
Published: April 2021

A total of 83 serum samples were randomly collected from different centers in Baghdad province, the resultsrecorded in this study which started in July 2018 until the end of November 2018, by using one technique,method ELISA. The results were showed increased the percentage of seropositive anti- toxoplasmosis IgGantibodies at age groups 20 – 29 years, which were 23.9% among women infected with toxoplasmosiscomparative with other age groups. Also showed increase the percentage of sero-positive anti- toxoplasmosisIgG Abs in urban which were 42.9% comparative with rural, which were 8.0%. Also occur increasedsignificantly in percentage IgG Abs in serum of affected women with toxoplasmosis in first and secondmonth from abortion period, which were respectively 17.8% and 16.0%. So increase these antibodies(Abs) in serum of infected women with this disease in 1st trimester period comparative with other months.Therefore so it was necessary to use of early diagnosis for pregnant infected women with toxoplasmosis.
Study Some Kinetic Parameters for Purified Arginase from Two Different Sources: Red Blood Cells and Serum of( Healthy and TypeII Diabetic Patient)
Authors: Fayhaa M. Khaleel  , Essam F.A.Al-Jumaili
Published: April 2021

Kinetics parameters for arginase that purified from RBCs, and serum (control, and diabetic patients)revealed that the Km values are (200, 416, and 333mM), Vmax values are (47, 5.5, and 9 U/min),andThe values of catalytic constant Kcat are (174, 45.8, and 81.8 min-1). The effect of atrovastatin was alsostudied on serum arginase, the arginase activity is decreasing by increasing statin concentration, whereinat the lower concentration (0.112 mg/ml) the allosteric regulation percentage is 26% and it is ongoing untilreaching its maximum (85%) at the highest concentration (0.9mg/ml). In conclusion affinity of arginase tothe L-arginine, and its velocity is more in RBCs, and serum patients compared with serum controls, andstatin appears to be an allosteric regulator for arginase.
Psychological Suffering of Families, Children with Mental Retardation at Al- Raja Institute for Mental Retardation in Babylon City
Authors: Haidar Fadhil Abbas  , Zainab Neamat Jumaah  , Mansour Abdullah Falah
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To assess psychological suffering of families of children with mental retardationMethods: Descriptive study conducted among 60 caregivers, they are using self-reported questionnaire togathering data about the phenomenaResults: (50% & 44%) of families had moderate and severe psychological suffering respectively. The grandmean is (2.15) at moderate level of suffering.Conclusion: the families have moderate to severe psychological suffering due to caring child with mentalretardation. They are need for psychosocial support.
Psychological Confusion and Its Relationship to Some Psychological Features of Taekwondo Players
Authors: Diaa Fadel Abbas  , Zaid Sami yasir  , Hayder Naji Habash Alshawi
Published: April 2021

The importance of the research lies in the identification of psychological frequency and some psychologicalfeatures that players face in taekwondo competitions and to find the degree of correlation between them, andthe problem of the research was through the work of researchers in the field of the taekwondo game. Oneof them has different psychological characteristics from the other, so the researchers decided to study thisproblem by determining this frequency, determining the psychological characteristics, and then knowing therelationship between them and whether there is an effect of one of them on the other to develop appropriatesolutions in the service of Taekwondo players, and the research objectives were to prepare the psychologicalfrequency scale, And the identification of psychological frequency and some psychological features ofadvanced Taekwondo players, and knowledge of the relationship between psychological frequency andsome psychological features of advanced Taekwondo players, the researchers used the descriptive approachon some Taekwondo players in the Najaf Sports Club for the sports season (2019-2020) of (30) A playerthrough the results of the results, the researchers reached the following conclusions. The players of the IraqiPremier League with Taekwondo appeared as having an amputation. A weak psychological and high selfconfidence trait, which increased their motivation for achievement in the competition, the players showedhigh psychological energy optimal for advanced Taekwondo players, which reduced their psychologicalreluctance to compete, and the presence of an inverse moral correlation between psychological hesitationand some psychological features (self-confidence - psychological fluency ) For players of the PremierLeague Taekwondo.
Health Personnel Practices Regarding Waste Management in the Delivery Room at the Middle Euphrates Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Zanab Neamat Jumaah  , Muntahaa Abdullah Rashaan
Published: April 2021

Literatures proved that waste management is the most important and effective infection prevention andcontrol measure to prevent the spread of microorganisms causing HAIs is considering a vital intervention topromote optimum patient safety in delivery room. Aim of the study; This study conducted to assess wastemanagement practices of health care personnel in the delivery room at the middle Euphrates teachinghospitals. Methods; A Descriptive research design begin in 20th February to 26th May 2016, Current studysample involve all midwives and physicians in the delivery room (Total coverage.). Questionnaire usedfor data collection by interview forms and observational checklist was obtain from the extensive review ofrelevant literature and related studies Data analyzed through utilize (SPSS) software version (16) where,included descriptive analysis and inferential data analysis. The study conducted among 37 physicians and97 midwives working in the delivery room are females.Results: The current study indicate that good overall evaluation for the health staff practices concerningwaste management at Karbala while fair overall evaluation at Babylon, Diwaniah and Al-Najaf with highlysignificant in health staff practices regarding waste management and the different studied governoratesat p-value less than 0.01. Conclusion: based on the finding of present study majority of health carepersonnel have fair applies related to waste management practices at different studied governorate hospitals.Recommendations: Updating practice of health care personnel through continuing in-service educationalprograms. Regular inspection and follow-up from the ministry of health for assurances good wastemanagement, the important of exist motivation system and punishment system to the neglected health carepersonnel
Quantitative Helmint Assesment (QHA) On Nutritional Status of Children and Stunting Events For Elementary Students in the City Of Makassar
Authors: Alfina Baharuddin  , A. Nurlinda  , Suharni A. Fachrin
Published: April 2021

Objective: to analyze the relationship between the Quantitative Helmint Assessment with nutritional statusand the incidence of stunting in SD Bangkala III students in Makassar CityMethod :This type of research is analytic observational using cross sectional design. Location This researchwas conducted at SD Bangkala III, Bangkala Village, Manggala District, Makassar City. 63 samples weretaken using proportional stratified random sampling technique and simple random sampling. Quantitativeexamination is needed to determine the intensity of infection or severity of disease by knowing the numberof eggs per gram of feces (EPG) in each type of worm.Results: based on the measurement results of the helmint assessment for the mild category with the incidenceof stuting and not stunting kneeling as many as 8 (38.0%), 13 (62.0%), respectively. In the measurementresults, the moderate category with the incidence of stuting and non-stunting was 11 (38%), respectively. 13(62%), while the results of QHA measurements for the severe category of knee stunting were 1 (25%), and 3(75%), respectively. based on the measurement results of the helmint assessment for the light category withnutritional status of thin, normal and obese knees as many as 5 (23.8%), 13 (62.0%) and 3 (14.2%).Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between QRA and nutritional status in elementary schoolstudents with p value (0.003), there is a significant relationship between QRA and the incidence of stuntingwith p value (0.022).
Evaluation of Hinge Position on Corneal Sensation and dry Eye after Laser in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) in Thi-Qar Governorate
Authors: Wajida Saad Bunyan
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This investigation planned to assess the impacts of Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)with prevalent and nasal pivot areas on corneal sensation and dry eye condition. Planned randomizedsimilar investigation was completed from February 2018 to December 2019. The subsequent term werepreoperatively evaluated just as 1week and 1,3,6 months postoperatively. This examination included 600eyes of 420 patients (180 guys and 240 females), all patients went through LASIK medical procedure forrectification of nearsightedness as well as nearsighted astigmatism utilizing MEL 90 Excimer laser for stromalremoval , Moria M2, SBK microkeratomes were utilized to make a prevalent and nasal pivoted folds. At thepoint when patients chose to have medical procedure, they were randomized to get nasal or predominantpivot medical procedure based on the randomization succession. Focal Cochet-Hat esthesiometry, Schirmerfundamental tear discharge test, tear film separation time (TBUT) were assessed preoperatively and at multiweek , 1, 3, and a half year postoperatively. After medical procedure, the corneal sensation diminishedessentially in both nasal-pivot and prevalent pivot folds at multi week however got back to gauge by halfyear. The Schirmer essential emission test esteems were not altogether changed postoperatively in the nasalpivoted and predominant pivoted eyes. TBUT diminished inconsequential at multi week and multi monthpostoperatively and recouped by 3 months after medical procedure in the two gatherings. There were nohuge contrasts in all the abstract and target boundaries tried between nasal-pivoted and unrivaled pivotedfolds whenever point. There is no intraoperative and postoperative inconveniences in everyone’s eyes.There was a huge decrease in corneal sensation following LASIK in nasal and predominant gatherings.Sensation improved at untouched stretches and re-visitations of nearly, preoperative levels around a halfyear postoperatively. Related with the corneal denervation is a prompt postoperative increment in dry-eye asestimated by TBUT and schirmer test that improved utilizing oils and with ensuing visits.
Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of Pyocin from Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Various Pathogenic
Authors: Ahmed Yas Saeed  , Dhyaa Fandi Ahmed  , Mahmood Khlaf Saleh  , Adnan F. Alazzawie  , Mostafa Qahtan Mostafa  , Fatima Mustafa Mahdii  , Nedaa Wasmi Shehab  , Omar A.Mohammed Al Hashimi
Published: April 2021

This study included collecting (114) pure isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, distributed over wounds(39) isolates, burns (31) isolates, urinary tract infections (23) isolations, ear infections (12) isolations, andrespiratory infections (9) Isolates. The test for the sensitivity of the bacteria to (14) types of antibioticsshowed a clear variation in their resistance to antibiotics, as all isolates showed 100% resistance toAmpicillin and Novabocin, Nalidixic acid by 93.8%, and Bacitracin by 87.7%, while they had low resistanceto Ciprofloxacin, 21%, Cefotaxime 19.2%, and Chloramphenicol 18.4%. While the results of the phenotypicdetection of pyocin showed the presence of (85 isolates, at a rate of 74.5%), producing Pyocin, while (29isolates, at a rate of 25.4%), it showed its inability to produce Pyosin. As for the molecular detection of thePrtN gene, which is one of the most important genes responsible for the production of Pyocin, It was shownthat (17 isolates, 77.2%) possess this gene, while (5 isolates, at a rate of 22.7%), they did not possess thisgene.
Novel coumarin compounds potentiate the effect of cisplatin on lung cancer cells by enhancing pro-apoptotic gene expressions, G2/M cell arrest, oxidative and antiangiogenic effects
Authors: Güner Adem , Bektaş Hakan , Menteşe Emre
Published: April 2021

Coumarin is a functional compound with a pronounced wide range of biological activities and has recently been shown to have anticancer effects on various human cancer cells. Cisplatin is widely used in the treatment of many cancers but its effectiveness is limited due to acquired resistance and dose-related side effects. This study aimed to reveal the chemosensitizing ability of novel synthesized coumarin-triazole hybrid compounds (3a-f) alone or their combination with cisplatin in A549 cells.MTT assay was used for cytotoxic effects. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), antioxidant/oxidant status, DNA fragmentation were determined spectrophotometrically by using commercial kits. Muse™ Cell Analyzer was used to assess cell cycle progression. Pro/anti-apoptotic gene expressions were determined by Real-Time qPCR. The antiangiogenic activity was determined by VEGF expression and Hen's chorioallantoic membrane model. Compounds 3c, d, e, and f potentiated the cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity through the increase of LDH release and DNA fragmentation, induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, overproduction of oxidative stress, and decrease of cellular antioxidant levels. These compounds combined with cisplatin caused upregulation in the pro-apoptotic Bax, Bıd, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Fas, and p53 gene expressions while downregulating anti-apoptotic DFFA, NFkB1, and Bcl2 gene expressions. These combinations caused vascular loss and a reduction in VEGF expression. These results suggest that a combinational regimen of coumarin compounds with cisplatin overcome the acquired resistance of cancer cells to cisplatin and, considering compounds have relatively low toxicity in normal cells, decrease the dose requirement of cisplatin in cancer treatments.
Keban Projesi: Ağın-Kalaycık Höyüğü Kurtarma Kazısının Yeniden Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Coşkun Nilgün
Published: April 2021

Keban Projesi kapsamında Elazığ Ağın'da 1968 ve 1972 yılları arasında Prof. Dr. Ümit Serdaroğlu başkanlığında Hoşrik Mevki, Kalecikler Höyüğü, Kilise Yazısı ve Kalaycık Höyüğü'nde kazılar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Kalaycık Höyüğü çanak çömleklerinin ilk tanıtım ve değerlendirmesi sunulmaktadır. Elazığ'ın batısındaki Ağın, kuzeyde Kemaliye (Eğin) ile Erzincan Ovası'na, batıda da Arapkir yolu ile Malatya Ovası'na açılan önemli bir alandır. Keban Barajı'nın yapımından önce Karasu ile Murat nehirleri Ağın'da birleşip Fırat'ı oluşturmaktaydı. Keban Baraj Gölü alanının doğusundaki verimli Altınova Bölgesi, büyük boyutlu ve merkez karakterli höyükleri ile diğer alanlara göre daha yoğun araştırmalara sahne olmuştur. Bununla birlikte Elazığ Havzası'nın batıya açılan Ağın çevresinde daha sınırlı ölçüde çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Keban Baraj Gölü'nün dolmasından önce Karasu'nun doğu kıyısında yer alan Kalaycık, Kalkolitik Dönem'den İslami Dönem'e kadar kesintisiz iskân görmüş orta boyutlu bir höyüktür. Kazılar sırasında Tunç ve Demir Çağlara ait belirgin bir mimari bulunamamışsa da zengin çanak çömlek repertuvarı höyüğün söz konusu dönemlerdeki yerleşimlerine dair önemli bilgiler içerir. Bu çalışmada, Kalaycık Höyüğünde bulunan Erken Tunç Çağı'ndan Orta Demir Çağ'a kadar kronolojik olarak farklı mal gruplarından çanak çömleklerin, tarihsel süreci anlaşılır kılacak bir kısmı incelenmiştir. Keban Projesi Kurtarma Kazıları buluntuları ile karşılaştırıldığında, höyüğün Elazığ-Malatya bölgesinin tarihsel sürecini paylaştığı söylenebilir.
ANDREAS KAPPELER, Die Tschuwaschen, Ein Volk im Schatten der Geschichte, Böhlau Verlag, Köln-Weimar-Wien 2016, 276. [Kitap Tanıtımı]
Authors: Durmuş Oğuzhan
Published: April 2021

Özellikle Rusya ve Ukrayna ağırlıklı olmak üzere Doğu Avrupa tarihi üzerine çalışmalarıyla tanınan Viyana Üniversitesi emekli öğretim üyesi Prof. Dr. Andreas Kappeler, bu yazıya konu olan eserinde Çuvaş Türklerinin tarihini bir monografi çerçevesinde ele almaktadır. Almanca olarak kaleme alınan Die Tschuwaschen, Ein Volk im Schatten der Geschichte adlı kitabın başlığı Türkçeye "Çuvaşlar: Tarihin Gölgesinde Bir Halk" şeklinde çevirilebilir. Hemen belirtelim ki bu eser, araştırmacının Çuvaşlara yönelik akademik ilgisinin ilk ürünü değildir. Yazar, konuyla ilgili ilk yayını olarak 1976 yılında Fransızca kaleme aldığı makalesinde Sovyet araştırmalarında Orta İdil halkları Tatar, Çuvaş, Mari, Mordvin ve Udmurtların etnogenezini ele almaktadır. Bunu takiben kaleme aldığı iki kısımdan oluşan bir başka makalesinde yine Sovyet araştırmalarında Orta İdil halklarının 10. yüzyıldan 19. yüzyılının ikinci yarısına değin tarihini incelemektedir.
Anadolu Selçuklu Medreseleri ve Darüşşifalarında Türbe
Authors: Şaman Doğan Nermin
Published: April 2021

Anadolu Selçuklu döneminde kentlerin tarihi dokusu içindeki en anıtsal yapıları medreseler ve darüşşifalar oluşturmaktadır. Bu dönemde medreseler ve darüşşifaların içinde ya da bitişiğinde mescit ve türbe gibi farklı işlevli birimler yer alır. Bu bağlamda medrese ve darüşşifalarda bulunan tek ya da çift katlı olan bani türbeleri özel bir gruptur. Bu çalışmada Anadolu Selçuklu döneminin farklı süreçlerinde inşa edilen medrese ve darüşşifalardan örnekler seçilerek konu incelenmiştir. Yapıların konumu, tarihi, banisi, mimari özellikleri dikkate alınarak, medrese- türbe, darüşşifa- türbe ilişkileri irdelenecektir. Eğitim ve sağlık yapıları çoğunlukla dönemin Selçuklu hükümdarı ya da devlet adamları tarafından inşa ettirilmiştir. Anadolu'da 13. Yüzyılın ikinci yarısında, İlhanlı döneminde Sivas ve Erzurum gibi şehirlerde bulunan anıtsal medreselerin çoğu dönemin emirleri ve vezirleri tarafından yaptırılmıştır. Ortaçağ Türk mimarisinde açık ya da kapalı bir avlu çevresinde kurgulanan medrese ve darüşşifalar, çoğunlukla revaklı bir avlu, avluya açılan sayıları bir- dört arasında değişen eyvanlar, öğrenci odaları, kışlık dershane odaları, mescit, türbe, kütüphane, imaret gibi birimlerden oluşmaktadır. Yapılarda türbelerin çoğu eyvanlardan birine bitişik yapılmıştır. Çok az örnekte medreselere dıştan bitişik türbeler bulunmaktadır. Yaygın olarak Anadolu Selçuklu medreselerinde ve az sayıdaki darüşşifa örneğinde gördüğümüz bu türbeler çeşitli kurguları ile özel tasarlanmış, öne çıkan yapılardır.
Güney Afrika Milli Arşivlerinin Osmanlı Tarih Yazıcılığı Açısından Önemi
Authors: Gençoğlu Halim
Published: April 2021

Güney Afrika Milli Arşivleri, Sahra-altı Afrikası ile Osmanlı Devleti münasebetleri ile ilgili kayda değer belgeler içermektedirler. Mezkur arşivlerde varlıĝından haberdar oldugumuz 1853 yılında başlayan Güney Afrika havalisiyle ilgili münasebetlere dair ilk resmi yazışmaların yanı sıra Osmanlı Devleti`nin aynı zamanda Mozambik, Zimbabve, Moritus ve Komor adalarına ait arşiv belgeleri mevcuttur. Ankara tiftik keçisi ve Türk tütününün Güney Afrika'da tanıtımıyla ilgili münasebetler 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında bölge halkıyla Osmanlı Hilafetinin etkisinin hissedildiği dini ilişkilere yerini bırakmıştır. Müderris Ebubekir Efendi'nin 16 Ocak 1863 tarihinde Ümit Burnu'na varışıyla Cape Town'da açtığı Osmanlı Erkek ve Kız Mektepleri ile bu kayda değer münasebetler başka bir boyuta taşınmıştır. Akabinde Güney Afrika'da vazife yapan Osmanlı başkonsolosları Ohannes Majakyan ve Mehmet Remzi Bey'le iki ülke arasındaki ilişkilerin daha sağlam temellere oturtulduğu anlaşılıyor. Tüm bu söz konusu tarihi ilişkilerle ilgili yazışmalar Güney Afrika Milli Arşivlerinde ayrıntılarıyla mevcut olup günümüze kadar bu sahada çalışan tarihçilerimizin nazar-ı dikkatinden kaçmıştır. Bu çalışma Güney Afrika Milli Arşivindeki mezkur arşiv kayıtlarının Osmanlı tarih yazıcılığı açısından önemini ortaya koymayı gaye edinmiştir.
Rum Melkitlerin Katolik Propagandasına Maruz Kalması (1724-1856)
Authors: Çoruh Haydar
Published: April 2021

Osmanlı Devleti, XVIII. yüzyıl başlarından itibaren Avrupa karşısında hemen her alanda gerilemeye başlamıştır. Bu gerilemenin bir sonucu olarak Osmanlı ülkelerinde yaşayan çeşitli dinden ve ırktan milletler de Avrupa'nın müdahale ve istismarına açık hale gelmişlerdir. Vatikan ve Fransa'nın öncülüğünde kurulan Katolik Cizvit, Kapuçin ve Fransisken misyoner teşkilatları, yüzyılın başlarından itibaren Doğu Akdeniz'e gelerek öncelikle Hıristiyanlığın doğduğu ve geliştiği ilk şehirlerden olan Kudüs, Antakya ve İskenderiye'de yaşayan Müslümanlardan ve Yahudilerden cemaat devşirmek istemişlerdi. Ancak bunda başarılı olamayınca daha çok Ermenilerden, Rumlardan ve Araplardan oluşan Ortodoks cemaat içinde, Katolik misyonerlerden en çok etkilenen ilk topluluk Ermeniler olmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti, Ermeni Gregoryen ve Fener Rum Ortodoks Patriklerinin ısrarıyla bazı tedbirler almasına ve hatta gayrimüslimlerin mezhep değiştirmelerini yasaklayan bir de kanun çıkarmasına rağmen misyoner faaliyetler durmamıştır. Bu süreç 1724'ten 1916 yılına kadar devam ederek uluslararası aktörlerin de açıktan taraf oldukları bir çeşit mezhepler arası savaşa dönüşmüştür. Osmanlı Devleti, Fransa'nın baskısıyla 1830'da Ermeni Katolik Patrikliğini tanımak zorunda kalmıştır. Ortodoksluktan Katolikliğe geçen ve M. 451 yılında Kadıköy Konsili ile aforoz edilerek resmi kilise anlayışına bağlı kaldıkları için Mısır ve Suriye'ye göçen kolonilerin oluşturduğu Rum Melkitler de kısa bir süre sonra yeni kurulan Ermeni Katolik Patrikliğine bağlanmışlardı. Ancak Rum Melkitler, bu patriklikten 1848'de bağımsızlıklarını almayı başardılar ve aynı yıl müstakil Rum Melkit Katolik Patrikliği'ni kurdular. Buna rağmen Avrupalıların bu cemaatler üzerinden sürdürdükleri misyoner faaliyetleri ve politikalar hiçbir zaman son bulmamıştır. Fransa Rum Melkitleri, Rusya ise diğer Rum ve Arap Ortodoksları kullanarak yeni politik manevralar geliştirmişlerdir ve bu cemaatler vasıtasıyla Osmanlının iç işlerine müdahale ederek birtakım tavizler koparmaya çalışmışlardır. Cemaatler arası bir mücadele olarak başlayan ve 1856'dan sonra uluslararası strateji savaşlarına dönüşen bu faaliyetlerin, 1724-1856 ve 1856-1916 yılları arasında olmak üzere iki ayrı bölümde incelenmesinin daha uygun olacağı düşünülmüştür. Çalışmanın 1724-1856 yılları arasını kapsayan bu ilk bölümünde, Vatikan ve Fransa ekseninde teşkilatlanan ve Osmanlı millet sisteminin parçalanmasına yönelik misyonerler faaliyetler üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmanın 1856-1916 yılları arasını kapsayan ikinci kısmı ise ayrı bir makale konusu olarak ele alınıp incelenmiştir.
Angyal Miklós – Kricskovics Antal: Helyszíni halottvizsgálat
Authors: Horváth Orsolya
Published: April 2021

The authors have managed to create a useful (interdisciplinary) professional guide that, although basically, can help doctors attending a funeral home to orient themselves, think, and act.
ForSE: A GAN-based Algorithm for Extending CMB Foreground Models to Subdegree Angular Scales
Authors: Krachmalnicoff Nicoletta , Puglisi Giuseppe
Published: April 2021

We present ForSE (Foreground Scale Extender), a novel Python package that aims to overcome the current limitations in the simulation of diffuse Galactic radiation, in the context of cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. ForSE exploits the ability of generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) to learn and reproduce complex features present in a set of images, with the goal of simulating realistic and non-Gaussian foreground radiation at subdegree angular scales. This is of great importance in order to estimate the foreground contamination to lensing reconstruction, delensing, and primordial B-modes for future CMB experiments. We applied this algorithm to Galactic thermal dust emission in both total intensity and polarization. Our results show how ForSE is able to generate small-scale features (at 12′) having as input the large-scale ones (80′). The injected structures have statistical properties, evaluated by means of the Minkowski functionals, in good agreement with those of the real sky and which show the correct amplitude scaling as a function of the angular dimension. The obtained thermal dust Stokes Q and U full-sky maps as well as the ForSE package are publicly available for download.
Natural history of Platypria (Platypria) hystrix (Fabricius, 1798) on Fabaceae host plants, with notes on other Platypria species in India (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Hispini)
Authors: Ranade Sachin , Prathapan Kaniyarikkal Divakaran , Ghate Hemant V. , Chaboo Caroline S.
Published: April 2021

The leaf-beetle genus Platypria Guérin-Méneville, 1840 comprises two subgenera and 34 species (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Hispini). Host plants are documented for eight species and indicate mostly perennial species of Fabaceae and Rhamnaceae. Larvae and pupae have been documented for two Platypria species. This paper presents novel natural history data, based on a field study of populations of Platypria (Platypria) hystrix (Fabricius, 1798) on Erythrina stricta Roxb. and Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. in Kerala, south India and on Erythrina variegata L., Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maes. & S. Almeida and Mucuna pruriens (L) DC in Assam, northeast India. Three new Fabaceae hosts are reported for P. (P.) hystrix. Brief notes and new host records, based on field observations, are also provided for the other three species of Platypria in India – P. (P.) chiroptera Gestro, 1899, P. (P.) echidna Guérin-Méneville, 1840 and P. (P.) erinaceus (Fabricius, 1801). Platypria females slit the leaf to lay a single egg which is covered with secretions that harden as an ootheca, the egg covering in Cassidinaes. l. There are five larval stages, each with the typical ‘hispine’ mining form and behaviour – a flattened cream-coloured body, chitinised head capsule and claws, and feeding on mesophyll and leaving irregular blotch mines on the host leaves. Pupation occurs in an independent pupal mine and lasts about a week. These observations suggest new potential phylogenetic character hypotheses that can stimulate better data collection on leaf-mining Cassidinae and help resolve evolutionary patterns amongst these basal mining genera.
Emergency Medical Services for Children: Pediatric Emergency Medicine Research
Authors: Chua Wee-Jhong , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Powell Elizabeth C.
Published: April 2021

Caring for children who are acutely ill and injured involves coordinated efforts in multiple settings, including primary care, prehospital, the emergency department, and in the hospital. Research is essential to identify new science to improve health outcomes and to deliver resource-efficient emergency care to pediatric populations. This article reviews the current state of research in emergency medical services for children (EMSC). Efforts over the past 20 years have strengthened the emergency medical services infrastructure, as pediatric readiness in emergency medical services continues to be a critical area of focus, because more than 80% of children are cared for outside of pediatric-specific health centers. Research on sepsis, trauma, and respiratory illnesses is part of the core agenda for the Pediatric Emergency Care Research Network and EMSC research. These domains represent a mix of high-frequency illnesses and low-frequency illnesses with potential for high morbidity or mortality, which, if studied, can help optimize care of pediatric patients.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2021;50(4):e155–e159.]
Implementación SIG de modelos analíticos predictivos del sistema castramental dispuesto por el concejo de Sevilla en torno a la Vía de la Plata en la Baja Edad Media
Authors: Fondevilla Juan José , Rivera Jiménez Timoteo , Ampliato Briones Antonio Luis
Published: April 2021

El artículo define aspectos metodológicos e instrumentales del modelo predictivo diseñado para el análisis del sistema castramental dispuesto por el concejo de Sevilla en la Baja Edad Media en torno a la Vía de la Plata. Para ello, se realizó una aproximación hermenéutica a los patrones de fortificación de este territorio histórico, identificando los factores determinantes en la implantación espacial que permitiesen inferir pautas locacionales. El objetivo fue la detección de torres, atalayas u otras estructuras defensivas satelitales que complementasen el sistema nuclear en torno al que se vertebraba este espacio castral evaluando el modo en que tales arquitecturas interaccionaban con las fortalezas conocidas. Para su caracterización se abordaron diversos análisis geoespaciales de intervisibilidad y transitabilidad espacial. Significando el hallazgo arqueológico de la Torre del Alto del Viso, resultante de la prospección de una de las áreas de alta potencialidad, se aporta el estudio comparando de los resultados analíticos soportados en cartografía predictiva derivada de la implementación a través de SIG de las distintas modelizaciones: booleana, resultante de una combinación binaria por álgebra de mapas; EMC, fundada en la superposición ponderada de variables normalizadas; Superposición Difusa, resultante de la aplicación de la lógica difusa al proceso analítico.
Characteristics of Caves Used by Wintering Bats in a Subtropical Environment
Authors: Smith Lisa M. , Doonan Terry J. , Sylvia Andrea L. , Gore Jeffery A.
Published: April 2021

Many cave-roosting bats are declining in number throughout their range because of multiple threats, including disease, disturbance by humans, and habitat loss. Successful conservation of cave-roosting bats requires an understanding of the roles of microclimate, cave structure, and the surrounding landscape on the distribution and abundance of bats, and in particular, the use of winter cave roosts. Cave bats have been well studied in temperate climates, but we know little about these bats in subtropical climates. From 2015 to 2017, we conducted 399 winter surveys of 162 caves in Florida to evaluate factors affecting the presence and abundance of bats at cave roosts. We also determined whether temperatures at these cave roosts were suitable for Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungus that causes white-nose syndrome. Across all 3 y, we detected three species of bats: tricolored bat Perimyotis subflavus in 126 (77.8%) caves, southeastern myotis Myotis austroriparius in 51 (31.5%) caves, and a single Rafinesque's big-eared bat Corynorhinus rafinesquii. We analyzed the presence of both tricolored bats and southeastern myotis in caves by using mixed-effects models with a binomial distribution and the number of tricolored bats by using generalized linear mixed-effects models with a Poisson error distribution. Tricolored bat presence was significantly and positively influenced by a cooler cave surface temperature, larger cave entrance size, a single entrance, and the presence of solution holes. Tricolored bat abundance increased in longer, cooler caves that had solution holes, a single, unobstructed entrance, and had no signs of flooding. Southeastern myotis presence was positively associated with longer, domed caves. To be most effective, conservation efforts in subtropical climates should focus on caves with the identified characteristics. More than 90% of caves surveyed each year had a cave interior surface temperature below the upper critical growth limit for P. destructans (19.8°C), indicating that most Florida caves are suitable for growth of P. destructans. Therefore, regular monitoring of winter bat populations in subtropical caves may be important for detecting P. destructans and white-nose syndrome.
Gravity entanglement
Authors: Sato Masanori
Published: April 2021

Gravity is an entanglement, not a propagating force. Gravity entanglement is caused by the conservation of angular momentum among gravitationally connected objects, for example, the Sun and Jupiter. According to Newton’s idea that the gradient of the ether density ρΕ
causes the gravitation of action at a distance as  g ∝   ∂   ρ
  E     ∂ r    , we discuss gravity entanglement,
where the ether density ρΕ is proportional to the permittivity ε 0 and permeability μ 0.
The prognostic model for identification of the universe rotation axis upon applying the system of coordinates of a chosen galaxy
Authors: Skeivalas Jonas , Paršeliūnas Eimuntas , Šlikas Dominykas
Published: April 2021

This paper describes the theoretical and practical preconditions for identification of the Universe rotation axis using the digital images from ten galaxies and the relative velocities of their movement upon applying a simulation of the parameter  z
 from the Doppler effect formula and a system of polar coordinates. The value of the Doppler parameter  z  shows an approximate relative velocity of the reciprocal movement of two digital images
(objects) in respect of the speed of light in vacuum c. The values of the Doppler parameter  z  were calculated upon using vectors transformed by pixel intensities of digital images of galaxies cluster and
the white solar spectrum. The average values of the Doppler parameter  z  were calculated according to the created formula upon applying the expressions of cross-covariance functions of the algebraic sum of the
relevant transformed vectors and a single vector. The values of the parameter  z  from the Doppler formula enabled calculating the relative velocity of movement of digital images of the galaxies cluster in respect
of each other and the relative velocity of movement of the images in respect of the Solar system. The relative velocity of galaxy movement calculated in such a way is a component of the real relative galaxy movement velocity (the velocity of tangential motion in respect of the rotation curve).
In addition, the values of the scalar argument  β  (the values of the angles between vectors of respective directions of vectors—directions of vectors of galaxies movement in respect of the Solar system
and direction of the real galaxies movement vectors) are calculated. In the systems of polar and rectangular coordinates of each galaxy, the values of radii R of galaxies rotation curves (at points of the tangent) and coordinates of their centers were established upon applying the relevant
formulas of differential geometry. The calculation data were collected using the software upon applying matlab program package operators.
A simple way of unifying the formulas for the Coulomb’s law and Newton’s law of the universal gravitation: An approach based on membranes
Authors: Zegarra Lizandro B. R. , Gutierrez Milton C. , Obeso Fidel A. V. , Quispe Luis T. , Armas L. E. G.
Published: April 2021

In this work, a new approach is presented with the aim of showing a simple way of unifying the classical formulas for the forces of the Coulomb’s law of electrostatic interaction    (   F C   )    and the Newton’s law of universal gravitation    (   F G   )    . In this approach, these two forces are of the same nature and are ascribed to the interaction between two membranes that oscillate according to different curvature functions with spatial period     ξ π  k    , where  ξ  is a dimensionless parameter and  k  is a wave number. Both curvature functions are solutions of the classical wave equation with wavelength given by the de Broglie relation. This new formula still keeps itself as the inverse square law, and it is like    F C    when the dimensionless parameter   ξ = 274   and like    F G    when   ξ = 1.14198 ×   10   45     . It was found that the values of the parameter  ξ  quantize the formula from which    F C    and    F G    are obtained as particular cases.
Establishment of leaf nutrient patterns for the nutritional diagnosis of Urochloa brizantha pastures in two seasons
Authors: Cavalcanti André Cayô , Partelli Fábio Luiz , Gontijo Ivoney , Dias Jairo Rafael Machado , Freitas Marta Simone Mendonça , Carvalho Almy Júnior Cordeiro de
Published: April 2021

To diagnose and monitor the nutritional status of commercial crops, reference standards must be established based on chemical analyses of soils and leaf tissues. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish sufficiency ranges, DRIS standards and leaf nutritional diagnoses for palisade grass pastures in the rainy and dry seasons. Of a total of 105 sampled pastures, the 20 highest-yielding areas were used to establish reference standards. In the other, low-productivity pastures, the nutritional status was diagnosed in both the rainy and dry seasons for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn). A productivity of 15 tons ha-1 year-1 was determined as the threshold to separate high-yielding (> 15 tons ha-1 year-1) pastures from low-productivity pastures (< 15 tons ha-1 year-1). Sufficiency ranges and foliar DRIS standards were established for palisade grass pastures in the rainy and dry seasons, which resulted in the recommendation of region- and season-specific sufficiency ranges and DRIS leaf standards. In the rainy season, in more than 50% of the evaluated pastures, nutritional deficiencies in all nutrients except K, B and Zn were observed, while in the dry season, only N, P, Cu, and Mn were deficient.
Forage yield and morphological traits of cactus pear genotypes
Authors: Ramos João Paulo de Farias , Macêdo Alberto Jefferson da Silva , Santos Edson Mauro , Edvan Ricardo Loiola , Sousa Wandrick Hauss de , Perazzo Alexandre Fernandes , Silva Anderson Samuel , Cartaxo Felipe Queiroga
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage yield and morphological responses of 34 cactus pear (Nopalea cochenillifera and Opuntia ficus indica) genotypes. The genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design, with 34 treatments and three replicates. After 330 days of cultivation, morphological characteristics, plant mortality and pest and disease occurrence on the plants were assessed, and plant cutting was performed. Multivariate analyses were performed to assign the 34 cactus genotypes to homogenous groups. The average Euclidian distance was adopted as a dissimilarity measurement for use with the standardized data Variables with relatively high levels of independence among the agronomic categories and with biological importance to animal nutrition and forage yield were assessed. To identify associative effects, Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed among all the studied variables. The formation of five distinct groups was observed, and some morphological responses correlated with the productivity characteristics. Green mass production was positively correlated with dry mass production, water accumulation, water-use efficiency, water accumulation and cladode number per plant. The following genotypes had remarkably high yields of dry and green mass, a greater ability to accumulate water and relatively high water-use efficiency and support capacity: Negro Michoacan (V07), Tamazunchale (V12), California (V14), Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (V17), and Amarillo 2289 (T32).
Antimicrobial activity in cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from Talinum triangulare
Authors: Sousa Claudio Baltazar de , Amorim Erika Alves Fonseca , Miranda Rita de Cassia Mendonça
Published: April 2021

. Endophytic fungi colonize the interior of plants without causing damage and act in symbiosis with their host. They are also potential sources of compounds with potential applications in industry, agriculture, and medicine, Thus, this study aimed to isolate and identify the endophytic fungi medicinal plant Talinum triangulare and evaluate its potential for the production of antimicrobial substances using the disk diffusion technique and testing in liquid medium front of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC SA 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC PA 0030, and Corynebacterium diphtheria ATCC 27012. Corynebacterium diphtheria was isolated from 3 fungi of the genus Trichoderma and Penicillium, with only the genus Trichoderma fungi showing antimicrobial activity.
Ornamental plant Pachystachys lutea as a source of promising endophytes for plant growth and phytoprotective activity
Authors: Ribeiro Amanda da Silva , Polli Andressa Domingos , Oliveira Amanda , Oliveira João Arthur dos Santos de , Emmer Anderson , Alves Leonardo Hamamura , Pereira Omar Cléo Neves , Pamphile (In memorian) João Alencar
Published: April 2021

Endophytes are growth-promoting agents capable of synthesizing phytohormones, uptaking nutrients, and controlling pathogens. There is a strong potential to exploit them in the agriculture field like biofertilizers and biocontrol agents. In this work, we aimed to evaluate endophytic fungi isolated from Pachystachys lutea for their potential to solubilize phosphate, synthesise indole acetic acid (IAA), antagonize phytopathogens, and promote plant growth under greenhouse conditions. The phosphate solubilization efficiency was assessed on Pikovskaya’s agar medium. For analysis of IAA production, mycelia plugs of endophytes were cultured in Potato Dextrose Broth medium supplemented with L-tryptophan, with Salkowski Reagent, and the absorbance of the culture was measured. The antagonism evaluation of strain Alternaria sp. PL75 against phytopathogens was performed using the paired-culture technique. The promotion of plant growth provided by Alternaria sp. PL75 was evaluated in tomato plants. All strains evaluated were able to solubilize phosphate; however, the strain Alternaria sp. PL75 was the most effective (4.29). Two strains, Nemania sp. PL27 and Alternaria sp. PL75, produced 1.86 and 1.73 μg mL-1 of IAA, respectively. In the antagonism assay, the endophyte Alternaria sp. PL75 and its fungal extract showed the best results against the pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa. The greenhouse experiment result showed the endophyte Alternaria sp. PL75 increased the plantlets emergency speed index and the percentage of germination from 60 to 81.63%. It was also observed a statistical significance in the shoot length of the treated plants with the endophyte suspension (55.38 cm) compared to the control (41.67 cm).
Quantification of total bioactive contents and evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of crude extracts from Ephedra altissima Desf.
Authors: Bouafia Waffa , Mouffouk Soumia , Haba Hamada
Published: April 2021

The present work describes the in vitro biological activities of the crude extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) prepared from the species Ephedra altissima Desf. The estimation of total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents were carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu, trichloroaluminum and acidified vanillin methods, respectively. The evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activities were performed by three different methods namely: scavenging of the free radical ABTS, permanganate reducing antioxidant capacity, and potentiometric assay. In addition, the antibacterial activity was assessed by the agar disk diffusion assay against seven bacterial strains. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several types of secondary metabolites. The EtOAc extract exhibited the highest content of phenols (125.62 ± 1.51 μg EGA mg-1 of extract). The greatest flavonoid and tannin contents were observed for n-BuOH extract (19.18 ± 0.39 µg EQ mg-1 of extract and 8.95 ± 1.70 μg EC mg-1 of extract, respectively). Moreover, the EtOAc extract revealed potent antioxidant activity in all the tested methods. Furthermore, the aqueous extract from the species E. altissima showed a good ability to reduce iron III to iron II with a value of 0.68 ± 0.3 moL eq L-1 in potentiometric assay. All the crude extracts (PE, EtOAc and n-BuOH) displayed inhibition of bacterial growth against at least three strains with values of MIC ranging from 3.125 to 50 µg mL-1. Therefore, these results suggest that Ephedra altissima could be used as an important source of natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial properties.