bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINANTES DO PERFIL LOCACIONAL DAS ATIVIDADES PRODUTIVAS NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS
Authors: Oliveira Nilton Marques , Piffer Moacir
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste artigo foi estimar e analisar os indicadores de análise regional dos ramos de atividades produtivas no estado do Tocantins entre 2000 e 2010. O referencial teórico adotado foi o conceito de economia regional numa perspectiva sobre a teoria de localização dos setores produtivos. A localização das atividades econômicas exerce, cada vez mais, uma influência determinante no desenvolvimento regional. Os modelos de localização foram iniciados por von Thünen, na Alemanha, em 1826, com seu estudo sobre produção agrícola. Utilizou-se da análise regional para estimar o quociente locacional, coeficiente de associação geográfica e o multiplicador de emprego. Os dados de emprego formal foram coletados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais – RAIS, do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE). Os principais resultados sugerem que a distribuição percentual entre os 22 (vinte e dois) municípios analisados o ramo de atividades que mais emprega é a administração pública. Palmas, capital do estado, possui grande parte das indústrias de transformações, estas estão localizadas na BR-153, ou próximo ao seu acesso. Os principais ramos industriais são de origem da pecuária, como a carne bovina, e do processamento da soja, da cerâmica, do laticínio, de alimentos e de vestuários. O multiplicador de emprego para o Estado do Tocantins passou de 4, 76, em 2000, para 5, 11, em 2010, ou seja, o estado teve um aumento da sua capacidade de gerar emprego no setor básico para o setor não básico da economia; isso significa que, ao gerar um emprego de base, implica 5 vezes geração de atividade doméstica local para os municípios de todo o estado. Quanto à análise da Associação Geográfica dos ramos de atividades do Tocantins, o setor de indústria de transformação teve associação dinâmica com o comércio, o serviço e a agropecuária.  Esses setores de certa forma drenam e atraem as atividades produtivas do estado.
POLUIÇÃO SONORA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DO PARQUE EÓLICO ASA BRANCA II, LOCALIZADO NO MUNICÍPIO DE PARAZINHO-RN
Authors: Melo de Oliveira Vinicius Meressiev , Câmara Maciel Ana Beatriz , Martins Menezes Reis Leci
Published: June 2018

Nos últimos anos, têm se investido no Brasil uma quantidade cada vez maior de projetos de energia eólica, que, além de ser de fonte renovável, também se aproxima da sustentabilidade, se relacionada com outros meios de se gerar energia. Porém, há de se destacar que durante a fase de implantação das usinas eólicas, vários impactos ambientais negativos são produzidos. Um dos impactos ambientais negativo, é a perturbação sonora. Portanto, a pesquisa teve como objetivo geral o de monitorar a qualidade sonora da área de implantação do Parque Eólico Asa Branca II, analisando o atendimento aos requisitos legais e a repercussão dos resultados nas comunidades de Santa Luiza e Lagoa de Vera Cruz, no Município de Parazinho/RN. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para alcançar os objetivos foram: a pesquisa bibliográfica acerca de energias renováveis, energia eólica, como também trabalho empírico com a realização de um monitoramento dos níveis de ruídos, uma vez por mês e durante toda a fase de implantação do empreendimento. Estes valores foram analisados de acordo com a legislação e norma pertinente, assim como, foi aplicado questionário com a população local a fim de auferir possíveis incômodos. Os resultados mostraram que em praticamente todos os pontos os valores de ruído estiveram em desacordo com o preconizado pela legislação e pela norma pertinente. Porém, a partir da análise dos questionários, pode-se afirmar que o ruído não incomodou a população local.
A TERRITORIALIZAÇÃO DO COOPERATIVISMO NO ÂMBITO LEGAL
Authors: Ben Dos Reis Marilucia , Flores Wizniewsky Carmen Rejane
Published: June 2018

Para entender o cooperativismo empresarial desenvolvido no Sul do Brasil é necessário entender a tramitação legal desse processo. O artigo aqui ora resumido tem por objetivo discutir o papel do Estado na formação do cooperativismo agropecuário. Para tanto, buscou-se analisar as leis constitucionais e a Lei Geral do Cooperativismo e entender a implantação do cooperativismo empresarial em nosso país e que deu origem às multicooperativas. Esses elementos, por sua vez, formaram as tessituras do cooperativismo empresarial para mediar a modernização do campo, que, até então, era tido como a parte atrasada do território brasileiro. Daí decorreu a agroindustrialização, sabendo-se que, quando as cooperativas se agroindustrializam, passam então a viver processos dialéticos entre os valores empresariais e os princípios cooperativistas.
Guidelines for effective community transformation from a practical theological perspective: An African case study
Authors: Mutemwa David , Hattingh-Rust René , Hattingh Willem J.
Published: June 2018

This article reports on the pragmatic task that formed the conclusion and flagship part of a master’s degree (MTh) research study into the effectiveness of the transformational task of the church in the Sesheke area. The methodological approach in the research has been according to Osmer’s four tasks of practical theological interpretation, namely the descriptive-empirical, interpretive, normative, and pragmatic tasks. Each of these tasks has been used to address a specific stage of the study. A separate preceding article by the same authors focused on the first task, while this article addresses the fourth. The Pastors’ Fellowship, referred to as the Sesheke Church in this article, has accepted their biblical mandate to engage in community transformation activities aimed at alleviating the plight of the poor and less-privileged people in society. The overall outcome of the research has shown that the Sesheke Church has failed at its transformational task for several reasons, as will be briefly discussed in this article. Therefore, the pragmatic task has endeavoured to formulate practical guidelines to enhance the effectiveness of the Sesheke Church’s task. The authors believe that this article will contribute to the discourse of practical theology regarding community transformation from the unique context of the Sesheke Church’s transformational task and the respective guidelines for effective community transformation. Burns and Grove state that understanding the meaning of a phenomenon in its context makes it easier to understand similar phenomena in other contexts.
Dr Kobayashi’s dream
Authors: Swanepoel Charika
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Health status of families: A comparative study of one-parent and two-parent families in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Bello Cecilia B. , Irinoye Omolola , Akpor Oluwaseyi A.
Published: June 2018

Background: The family plays a central role in the provision and maintenance of health status of its members and all factors that contribute to achieving optimal health. Aim: To compare the health status of one-parent and two-parent families using the McMaster model of family functioning. Setting: Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design, using multi-stage simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using an adopted self-administered questionnaire from 250 purposely selected families from each sample group. The data entering was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0. Results: Findings showed that one-parent fathers scored higher (mean = 74.4 ± 10.30) than two-parent fathers (70.5 ± 13.05), while one-parent mothers scored higher (mean = 69.7 ± 15.10) than two-parent mothers (mean 67.7 ± 14.78). This means that one-parent fathers have a better self-reported health status than two-parent fathers, while one-parent mothers have a better self-reported health status than two-parent mothers. One-parent fathers have the best self-reported health status. No significant (p > 0.05) difference in the health status of children from both families. Conclusion: Fathers are healthier than mothers, while one-parent fathers are healthier than two-parent fathers. Comparing the two groups of families, parents from one-parent families reported better health status than parents from two-parent families, whereas within each family group, fathers reported better health status than mothers. This places responsibility on health care professionals to explore family contexts during clinic visits so as to render a more comprehensive health care service to families.
The Taming Wicked Problems Framework: A plausible biosocial contribution to ‘ending AIDS by 2030’
Authors: Burman Christopher J.
Published: June 2018

In 2014, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) published the Gap Report, which states that a new biosocial response to the HIV and AIDS epidemic is required to reinforce the biomedical strategy – Vision 90:90:90 – which is designed to end AIDS by 2030. This article provides a descriptive account of how a community–university partnership developed and piloted an innovative, transdisciplinary approach to HIV and AIDS management that could represent a nascent biosocial candidate to reinforce the biomedical strategy. The biosocial strategy has been labelled as the Taming Wicked Problems Framework that is influenced by ontological perspectives associated with complexity theory. The article focuses on how the Taming Wicked Problems Framework was developed by co-opting and repurposing management techniques associated with complexity into an action-oriented HIV and AIDS combination intervention. Three years after the pilot began, the Taming Wicked Problems Framework continues to provision the partnership with opportunities to ‘tame’ non-linear, biosocial aspects of the HIV and AIDS epidemic in rural South Africa. However, with the benefit of hindsight, there are some improvements and caveats that are highlighted so that future applications will be more robust. It is suggested that the Taming Wicked Problems Framework could represent one localised biosocial response that could contribute to ending AIDS by 2030.
Anesthésie générale du chien. De l'usage intrapéritonéal du Nembutal
Authors: Aspiotis N. , Papadopoulos O. , Melas D. , Stoilis E. , Elezoglou B.
Published: June 2018

(1) Pour provoquer une anesthésie générale par voie intrapéritonéale par le Nembutal la dose considérée comme dose optima est celle de 35 mg/kg. poids vif, soit 1 cm3 d’une solution à 3,5 % par kilogramme. Cette dose provoque une anesthésie chirurgicale profonde dans 87 % environ des cas (expérimentation portant sur 29 chiens) et est assez éloignée des doses toxiques (M.L.D. 10 = 62 mg/kg poids vif).

(2) Par suite de l’absorption lente du Nembutal par le péritoine on assiste à une période d’excitation — qui est absente dans l’administration intraveineuse — mais celle-là est relativement courte, environ 20 mn. 50 s. ± 42 s. sur une expérimentation de 20 chiens et peu agitée passant parfois presque inaperçue.

(3) Dans l’injection intrapéritonéale, les apnées, qui sont assez souvent à craindre avec les barbituriques, ne s’observent jamais, ceci par suite de l’absorption lente de l’anesthésique par le péritoine.

(4) L’anesthésie chirurgicale profonde survient environ 10 minutes après l’injection (10 mn. 33 s. ± 2 mn. 3 s.) et dure en moyenne 3 h. 45 mn. (3 h. 47 mn. ± 1 h. 42 mn, sur une expérimentation de 25 chiens). Comme anesthsie chirurgicale profonde est considérée la période pendant laquelle le réflexe podal disparaît. Le réflexe cornéen a été trouvé comme aboli dans les plus extrêmes degrés de l’anesthésie chirurgicale profonde.

(5) La durée de la période d’animation (d’après une expérimentation portant sur 25 chiens) s’est trouvée d’une durée égale à 5 heures environ (3 h. 11 mn. jusqu’à l’élévation de l’animal et 1 h. 48 mn. jusqu’à son rétablissement complet).

(6) Les actions pharmacologiques les plus importantes signalées au cours de l’expérimentation sont les suivantes : — Chute de la température. Depuis une température initiale de 39 °, 2 C une chute a été observée de 35 °, 4 C, pour une température ambiante de 16° C.

— Augmentation du nombre des pulsations dans une proportion de 107 : 150.

— Diminution du rythme respiratoire dans une proportion de 29 : 17 (expérimentation portant sur 20 chiens).

(7) L’anesthésie générale du chien pour intervention de longue durée par injection intrapéritonéale de Nembutal constitue donc une méthode précieuse et sans danger.

Selon ce procédé, tous les avantages de l’anesthésie au Nembutal administré par voie intraveineuse sont obtenus, alors que aucun des inconvénients ne sont rencontrés : lenteur de l’opération et dangers présentés par les chiens méchants ou dangereux.
A Pilot Study to Assess Safety and Feasibility of Intrathecal Immunoglobulin for the Treatment of Adults with Tetanus
Authors: Loan Huynh Thi , Yen Lam Minh , Kestelyn Evelyne , Hao Nguyen Van , Mai Nguyen Thi Hoang , Thuy Duong Bich , Duong Ha Thi Hai , Dung Nguyen Thi Phuong , Phu Nguyen Hoan , Lieu Pham Thi , Thanh Tran Tan , Geskus Ronald , van Doorn H. Rogier , Tan Le Van , Wyncoll Duncan , Day Nicholas P. J. , Hien Tran Tinh , Thwaites Guy E. , Chau Nguyen Van Vinh , Thwaites C. Louise
Published: June 2018

Tetanus remains a significant burden in many low- and middle-income countries. The tetanus toxin acts within the central nervous system and intrathecal antitoxin administration may be beneficial, but there are safety concerns, especially in resource-limited settings. We performed a pilot study to assess the safety and feasibility of intrathecal human tetanus immunoglobulin in five adults with tetanus before the conduct of a large randomized controlled trial. Intrathecal injection via lumbar puncture was given to all patients within a median 140 (range 100–165) minutes of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. There were no serious adverse effects associated with the procedure although three patients had probably related minor adverse events which resolved spontaneously. Median ICU length of stay was 14 (range 5–17) days. Two patients required mechanical ventilation and one developed a deep vein thrombosis. Within 240 days of hospital discharge, no patients died and all patients returned to work.
Evaluate autoconversion and accretion enhancement factors in GCM warm-rain
parameterizations using ground-based measurements at the Azores
Authors: Wu Peng , Xi Baike , Dong Xiquan , Zhang Zhibo
Published: June 2018

Abstract. A great challenge in climate modelling is how to parametrize sub-grid cloud processes, such as autoconversion and accretion in warm rain formation. In this study, we use ground-based observations and retrievals over the Azores to investigate the so-called enhancement factors, Eauto and Eaccr, which are often used in climate models to account for the influences of sub-grid variances of cloud and precipitation water on the autoconversion and accretion processes. Eauto and Eaccr are computed at a variety of tempo-spatial scales corresponding to different model resolutions. The calculated Eauto increase from 1.79 (0.5-hr/36 km) to 3.15 (3.5-hr/126 km), and the calculated Eaccr increases from 1.25 (0.5-hr/36 km) to 1.6 (5-hr/180 km). Comparing the prescribed enhancement factors to the values from observations shows that GCMs are using a much higher Eauto (3.2) and lower Eaccr (1.07). This helps to explain why most of the GCMs produce too frequent precipitation events but with too light precipitation intensity. The ratios of rain to cloud liquid water at Eaccr = 1.07 and Eaccr = 2.0 are 0.048 and 0.119, respectively, further proving that the prescribed value of Eaccr = 1.07 used in GCMs is too small to simulate correct precipitation intensity. Both Eauto and Eaccr increase when the boundary layer becomes less stable, and the values are larger in precipitating clouds (CLWP > 75 gm−2) than those in nonprecipiting clouds (CLWP
The importance of cylinder passivation chemistry for preparation and long-term stability of multicomponent monoterpene primary reference materials
Authors: Allen Nicholas D. C. , Worton David R. , Brewer Paul J. , Pascale Céline , Niederhauser Bernhard
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Monoterpenes play an important role in atmospheric chemistry due to their large anthropogenic and biogenic emission sources and high chemical reactivity. As a consequence, measurements are required to assess how changes in emissions of monoterpenes impact air quality. Accurate and comparable measurements of monoterpenes in indoor and outdoor environments require gaseous primary reference materials (PRMs) that are traceable to the international system of units (SI). PRMs of monoterpenes are challenging to produce due to the high chemical reactivity and low vapour pressures of monoterpenes and also their propensity to convert into other compounds, including other terpenes. In this paper, the long-term stability of gravimetrically prepared static monoterpene PRMs produced in differently passivated cylinders, including sampling canisters, was assessed. We demonstrate that static PRMs of multiple monoterpenes can be prepared and used as a suitable long-term standard. For the first time the effect of cylinder pressure and decanting from one cylinder to another on the chemical composition and amount fraction of monoterpenes was also studied. Gravimetrically prepared PRMs of limonene in high pressure cylinders were compared to a novel portable dynamic reference gas generator based on dilution of pure limonene vapour emitted from a permeation tube.
Population-specific responses in physiological rates of Emiliania huxleyi to a broad CO2 range
Authors: Zhang Yong , Bach Lennart T. , Lohbeck Kai T. , Schulz Kai G. , Listmann Luisa , Klapper Regina , Riebesell Ulf
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Although coccolithophore physiological responses to CO2-induced
changes in seawater carbonate chemistry have been widely studied in the past,
there is limited knowledge on the variability of physiological responses
between populations from different areas. In the present study, we
investigated the specific responses of growth, particulate organic (POC) and
inorganic carbon (PIC) production rates of three populations of the
coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi from three regions in the North
Atlantic Ocean (Azores: six strains, Canary Islands: five strains, and Norwegian
coast near Bergen: six strains) to a CO2 partial pressure
(pCO2) range from 120 to 2630 µatm.
Physiological rates of each population and individual strain increased with
rising pCO2 levels, reached a maximum and declined thereafter.
Optimal pCO2 for growth, POC production rates, and tolerance to
low pH (i.e., high proton concentration) was significantly higher in an
E. huxleyi population isolated from the Norwegian coast than in those
isolated near the Azores and Canary Islands. This may be due to the large
environmental variability including large pCO2 and pH
fluctuations in coastal waters off Bergen compared to the rather stable
oceanic conditions at the other two sites. Maximum growth and POC production
rates of the Azores and Bergen populations were similar and significantly
higher than that of the Canary Islands population. This pattern could be
driven by temperature–CO2 interactions where the chosen incubation
temperature (16 ∘C) was slightly below what strains isolated near the
Canary Islands normally experience. Our results indicate adaptation of
E. huxleyi to their local environmental conditions and the existence
of distinct E. huxleyi populations. Within each population,
different growth, POC, and PIC production rates at different pCO2
levels indicated strain-specific phenotypic plasticity. Accounting for this
variability is important to understand how or whether E. huxleyi
might adapt to rising CO2 levels.
Integrating multiple satellite observations into a coherent dataset to monitor the full water cycle – Application to the Mediterranean region
Authors: Pellet Victor , Aires Filipe , Munier Simon , Jordá Gabriel , Fernández Prieto Diego , Dorigo Wouter Arnoud , Polcher Jan , Brocca Luca
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Integration techniques are used to combine Earth Observation (EO) datasets to study the Water Cycle (WC). By merging several datasets, they reduce uncertainty and introduce coherency among them. Several EO integration methods are presented and compared: The Optimal Selection (OS) simply choses the best individual datasets. Simple Weighting (SW) is a weighted sum of the datasets to reduce uncertainties. Three other techniques introduce a closure-constraint on the WC budget: (1) The SW plus Post-Filtering (PF) is very efficient but it is applied at the basin-scale only, and lacks in spatial information. (2) By using a spatial interpolation scheme, the INTegration (INT) solution allows obtaining a pixel-scale database, but only for the common period of the all the water components. (3) A simple CALibration (CAL) of the EO datasets is therefore introduced to reproduce the INT results over the longer temporal extent of the EO datasets, but its closure constraint is relaxed. Results are presented over the Mediterranean region, one of the more complex environnements and a hot-spot for climate change. We extended previous techniques to close simultaneously the terrestrial, oceanic and atmospheric WC budgets. We also introduce temporal and spatial multi-scaling constraints. The evaluation is performed for precipitation and evapotranspiration: in addition to better close the WC budget, the integrated database is also closer to in situ measurements. The resulting integrated database provides new estimates for the WC components: stock and flux annual-means are re-evaluated, and we now estimate the Bosporus net-flow mean value at 129 ± 60 mm.yr−1 for the 2004–2009 period. This new EO-based database describing the terrestrial, oceanic and atmospheric WC over the Mediterranean is now proposed to the scientific community.
Evaluating a stochastic parametrization for a fast–slow system using the Wasserstein distance
Authors: Vissio Gabriele , Lucarini Valerio
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Constructing accurate, flexible, and efficient parametrizations is one of the great challenges in the numerical modeling of geophysical fluids. We consider here the simple yet paradigmatic case of a Lorenz 84 model forced by a Lorenz 63 model and derive a parametrization using a recently developed statistical mechanical methodology based on the Ruelle response theory. We derive an expression for the deterministic and the stochastic component of the parametrization and we show that the approach allows for dealing seamlessly with the case of the Lorenz 63 being a fast as well as a slow forcing compared to the characteristic timescales of the Lorenz 84 model. We test our results using both standard metrics based on the moments of the variables of interest as well as Wasserstein distance between the projected measure of the original system on the Lorenz 84 model variables and the measure of the parametrized one. By testing our methods on reduced-phase spaces obtained by projection, we find support for the idea that comparisons based on the Wasserstein distance might be of relevance in many applications despite the curse of dimensionality.
Do mycorrhizal fungi create below-ground links between native plants and Acacia longifolia? A case study in a coastal maritime pine forest in Portugal
Authors: Carvalho Pedro , Martins Rui , Portugal António , Gonçalves M. Teresa
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Maritime pine forests are a major ecosystem throughout the
Portuguese coast and are severely affected by the invasion of Acacia longifolia.
The presented study investigated the diversity of ectomycorrhizal
fungi (ECM) of major plant species in these ecosystems to find possible links
between Pinus pinaster, three native Cistaceae shrubs and the
Acacia invasive species. We successfully identified 13 ECM fungal
taxa. Within those, two species from the order Helotiales were found in all
plant species, and over half of the fungal ECM species found in Pinus pinaster were also common to the Cistaceae shrubs. Network analysis points to
the Cistaceae shrubs having a central role in these below-ground communities,
therefore enforcing the idea that they are key to these communities
and should not be underestimated. Our results also point to the evolving role
of invasive plant species in the ecosystem dynamics in the rhizosphere, which
host fungal species that are common to native plants, although it is not
yet clear whether these fungal taxa are native or a consequence of the presence of
Acacia longifolia.
Changing Trade Structure and Industrial Deepening in the Thai Economy
Authors: Kunnoot Sompote
Published: June 2018

Industrial development is increasing in complexity by economic inter-dependence within an economy. Between 1975 and 2010, Thailand’s industrial deepening was evidenced by an increase in average aggregate linkages. Backward linkages for manufacturing sectors is found to be above the agricultural and primary sectors as well as service sectors. Backward linkage improvement in the agricultural and primary sectors is matched by forward linkage improvement in the service sectors. Through the growth of intra-industry trade of the global supply chain, structural change is driven by the strong growth of manufacturing sectors, relative to the agricultural and primary sectors as well as the service sectors. Stationary backward and forward linkages in manufacturing sectors indicate constant reliance on imports and equally on the agricultural, primary and service sectors for input requirements and a strong reliance on export market for growth.
Status and Condition of Corporatization Strategies of State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in Region III in the Philippines
Authors: Gabriel Arneil G. , Cruz Jocelyn B
Published: June 2018

The right to free access to quality education of citizens extends to tertiary level education. This Constitutional provision creates increasing demands for State Universities and Colleges (SUC’s) which in turn exerts pressure on the budgetary capacity of the government to finance such education. To strike the balance between equity of access and quality of education, SUCs employed corporatization strategies to generate income and finance its operations. The study looks into the strategies employed by SUCs in Region III in the Philippines and analyzes matters related to the practice of corporatization principles. By using descriptive correlation design, the study showed that respondent SUCs in Region III are: a) diverse in many aspects of their operations, b) vary in the modes of generating income, descriptively measured from “sometimes” to “often” except the collection of tuition fees which has been rated as “very often” applied as corporatization strategy, c) have variety in income utilization ranging from 46 percent to 51 percent; d) stakeholders are found “very satisfied” in the manner SUCs in Region III used their income, e) are rated with varying interpretations in terms of corporatization strategies and performance of their fourfold functions, e) have marked differences in terms of income utilization except in corporatization activities which marked as “not significant”. Finally, it was found that employees’ satisfaction and the performance of the four fold functions of instruction, research, extension and production are significantly correlated. It is recommended that stakeholders’ engagement in planning and organizing programs and projects of SUCs in Region III be enhanced.
Measurement and Evolution of Institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Fadiran David O. , Sarr Mare
Published: June 2018

We construct three measures of political and economic institutions that cover a 150-year period (1862–2011) for Nigeria. To do so, we rely on a theoretical definition of the institutional measures, broken down into relevant components that assess the extent to which the Nigerian legal framework provides for specific rights and freedoms. We make use of preexisting (de jure) legislations, ordinances, and constitutions to assign scores to every relevant component. The newly constructed indicators (civil and political liberties, freehold property rights, and customary property rights) provide a platform for a comprehensive analysis of institutional change in Nigeria since 1862. We document the manner in which the evolution of these de jure institutional measures are shaped by Britain’s colonial objectives of gaining administrative control over the region to facilitate trade endeavors, the introduction of indirect rule, the amalgamation (unification) of the northern and southern parts of the country as well as postindependence military rule. We show that our measures of institutional quality are strongly correlated with existing and popular measures (for overlapping periods spanning at most 50 years). This finding bodes well for the reliability of our institutional indicators.
Measuring Land Property Rights, Political Rights, Civil Liberties, and Political Instability in Senegal (1819–2010)
Authors: Konte Maty
Published: June 2018

Most of the widely used indicators of institutions have been criticized because of a lack of objectivity in their construction and because they cover only short time periods, especially for African countries. New indicators of de jure land property rights, de jure political rights and civil liberties, and de facto political instability over a long time horizon have recently been launched for a number of former British colonies in Africa, using the leximetrics method to quantify legal information. This article proposes comparable indicators of institutions for a former French colony in Africa, Senegal. De jure indicators are coded on the basis of written regulations, laws, and constitutions for the period 1819–2010. Our de facto measure of political instability is based on reported events collected from different sources. Data over such a long time horizon provide an opportunity to understand Senegal’s development path from the early stages of its colonization until today.
Measuring Political and Economic Institutions in Ethiopia: c. 1888–2016
Authors: Bedasso Biniam E.
Published: June 2018

This article presents the first ever set of indexes of political and civil rights and land rights in Ethiopia spanning more than a century. We have extracted information from legal texts and historical records. Then we quantified legislative developments in an attempt to objectively measure de jure political and economic institutions over the existence of the modern Ethiopian state. The results show that political institutions have improved gradually even though there is a tendency of retracting some rights recently. Land rights have never been more extensive than in the 1960s. The land reform of the late 1970s achieved a more equitable distribution of land at the expense of a shrinking set of rights.
Valuation of nutritional and health claims for yoghurts in Spain: A hedonic price approach
Authors: Ballco Petjon , De-Magistris Tiziana
Published: June 2018

This article investigates price effects of nutritional claims (NC) and health claims (HC), in addition to other attributes, on yoghurts in the Spanish market. Prices and product characteristics are collected from yoghurt label references found on the shelves of the main representative retail shops in the capital city of Aragon (Zaragoza) Spain. The total sample included 508 yoghurts. Nutritional and health claims (NHCs) are selected based on the official definitions of the (EC) Regulation No 1924/2006 and No 432/2012. Premium prices of the NHCs and other attributes included were assessed through a hedonic price approach. Results show that yoghurt is a highly differentiated food product. NCs related to fat-free, low in sugar and fiber content did not affect yoghurt prices while most of the health claims received significant positive effects. Health claims outperform nutritional claims leading to higher premium prices. These findings are a useful source in a better understanding of the evolution of NHCs in the Spanish market. Our findings suggest that NCs accompanied by the corresponding HC, which exactly defines the benefits of that nutrient in our health may be a promising strategy for product differentiation.
The burden of symptomatic skeletal events in castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients with bone metastases at three Canadian uro-oncology centres
Authors: Saad Fred , Fleshner Neil E. , So Alan , Le Lorier Jacques , Perrault Louise , Poulin-Costello Melanie , Rogoza Raina , Robson Ewan J.D.
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Metastatic bone disease in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) carries risks of significant morbidity, including symptomatic skeletal events. We estimated the healthcare resource costs of managing skeletal events.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients who died from or were treated palliatively for metastatic CRPC from 2006–2013 at Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (Montreal), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Toronto), or Vancouver General Hospital (Vancouver).

Results: Of 393 patients, 275 (70%) experienced 833 events (85 per 100 patient-years), with a median time to first event of 17.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.3, 21.7). The mean metastatic bone disease-related healthcare resource use cost (2014 Canadian dollars) estimate for patients without symptomatic skeletal events was $9550 and between $22 101 (observed) and $34 615 (adjusted) for patients with at least one event. Fewer patients in Montreal (55%) experienced events compared to Toronto (79%) or Vancouver (76%). Median time to first event was longer in Montreal (25.0 months [18.5, 32.6]) than in Toronto (14.6 months [9.7, 16.8]) or Vancouver (17.3 months [14.8, 24.0]). More patients received bone-targeted therapy in Montreal (64%) and Toronto (60%) than in Vancouver (24%). Bone-targeted therapy was mostly administered every 3–4 weeks in Montreal and every 3–4 months in Toronto.

Conclusions: Metastatic bone disease-related healthcare resource use costs for Canadian CRPC patients are high. Symptomatic skeletal events occurred frequently, with the incremental cost of one or more events estimated between $12 641 and $25 120. Symptomatic skeletal event incidence and bone-targeted therapy use varied considerably between three Canadian uro-oncology centres. An important limitation is that only patients who died from prostate cancer were included, potentially overestimating costs.
Pediatric cystogram: Are we considering age-adjusted bladder capacity?
Authors: Guerra Luis A. , Keays Melise A. , Purser Matthew J. , Wang Stephen Y. , Leonard Michael P.
Published: June 2018

Introduction: There are a small number of reports in the literature describing bladder rupture during cystograms in children. We hypothesized that children undergoing cystograms may have their bladder overfilled during the test. We aimed to evaluate the current practice when performing cystograms in our institution, contrasting actual volume used to fill the bladder to the ageadjusted bladder capacity.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all voiding cystourethrograms (VCUG) and radionuclide cystograms (RNC) performed at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario from 2006– 2013. Formulas used to estimate age-adjusted bladder capacity: 1) infants <1 year: capacity (mL) = (2.5 x age [months]) + 38 (Holmdahl et al, 1996); and 2) older children >1 year: capacity (mL) = (2 + age [years]) x 30 (Koff et al, 1983).

Results: A total of 2411 cystograms were done (1387 VCUG; 1024 RNC) in 817 infants and 1594 children older than one year — 1113 boys and 1298 girls. Generally, bladders tended to be overfilled with 32% more volume in mL than the expected age-adjusted bladder capacity — VCUG 151 (122) mL vs. 120 (97) mL (p<0.001) and RNC 191 (97) mL vs. 151 (74) mL (p<0.001). Most importantly, infants had a striking overfilling rate of 64% and 38 % more volume than their expected age-adjusted bladder capacity for VCUG and RNC, respectively (p<<0.001).

Conclusions: Bladders were filled above the estimated age-adjusted capacity in mL at the following rates: 32% in the whole group and 64% in infants undergoing VCUG. It raises concern of possible bladder rupture in this age group. Furthermore, this may lead to overgrading and overdiagnosing of vesicoureteric reflux, as well as overestimation of post-void residual. Attention should be paid to filling to age-adjusted bladder capacity and allowing the child adequate time to void during performance of the cystogram.
The association between physician trust and prostate-specific antigen screening: Implications for shared decision-making
Authors: Klaassen Zachary , Wallis Christopher J.D. , Goldberg Hanan , Chandrasekar Thenappan , Fleshner Neil E. , Finelli Antonio , Kulkarni Girish S. , Detsky Allan S. , Satkunasivam Raj
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Shared decision-making is widely recommended when men are considering prostate cancer screening with prostatespecific antigen (PSA). The role of patients’ trust in cancer information from their physician in such decisions is unknown.

Methods: We identified male respondents ≥18 years of age from the Health Information National Trends Survey, a population-based survey of people living in the U.S. (2011–014). We assessed the association between degree of trust in cancer information from respondent’s physician with patient-reported receipt of PSA screening and patient-reported discussion of PSA screening with their physician.

Results: Among 5069 eligible respondents, 3606 (71.1%) men reported trusting cancer information from their physician “a lot,” 1186 (23.4%) “somewhat,” 219 (4.3%) “a little,” and 58 (1.1%) “not at all.” A total of 2655 (52.4%) men reported receiving PSA screening. The degree of trust an individual had in his physician for cancer information was strongly associated with his likelihood of having received PSA screening (ptrend<0.0001) (54.9% “a lot” vs. 27.6% “not at all”). These findings persisted after multivariable regression. Similarly, men who had high levels of trust in their physician were more likely to have discussed PSA screening with a strong trend across strata (ptrend<0.0001).

Conclusions: The level of trust an individual has in cancer information from his physician is strongly associated with his likelihood of discussing and undergoing PSA screening. As rationale, implementation of PSA screening requires shared decision-making, and the level of trust an individual has in his physician has important implications for dissemination of PSA screening guidelines.
Incorporating a Maple Project of Multi-Cultures Art in College Mathematics Teaching
Authors: Wu Lina , Li Ye
Published: June 2018

Teaching mathematics by project-based learning (PBL) method on the use of educational technology offers an innovative teaching pedagogy at college. The “World Culture Art Created with Calculus Graphs of Equations” poster project was designed by the first author and was completed in the pilot Calculus course during the spring 2016 semester at Borough of Manhattan Community College in the City University of New York. This project was to guide students to use graphs of equations in the creation of recognizable national symbols from different countries with different cultures by the Maple technology. Students’ graphing knowledge as well as their technical Maple skills were applied in the completion of this project. Students’ creativity, freedom, and diversity in their mathematical thinking have been fostered. Students have learned that combining mathematics knowledge with technological skills can create innovation in art. The project increased students’ awareness and appreciation of multi-cultures for a diversified student body in New York. Successful project outcomes in students’ work shed light on effectiveness of this project-based learning (PBL) approach in mathematics education.
Efforts to Promote Global Education in Japan: The Case of Tottori University and Overseas Practical Education Programs
Authors: Parada Roxana , Ikeda Reiko , Ando Takayuki , Hishida Masako , Takeda Hiroshi , Aklog Dagnachew , Otachi Kurie , Yasunobu Kumi
Published: June 2018

Participation in overseas programs has recently increased as an international strategy worldwide. However, Japan has been the exception, because the number of Japanese students studying abroad has decreased over the last decade. The Japanese government and universities began efforts to motivate Japanese students to gain international experience. However, efforts to measure the impact of overseas programs other than in English proficiency have been limited. This paper reports the benefits of three types of overseas short-term programs offered by Tottori University (TU) to support Japanese students in studying abroad through the Global Getaway Program (GGP), emphasizing practical training in developing countries. Data for this study were collected from students from 2006 to 2011 before the GGP and 2012 to 2016 after its implementation. Students were tested before and after participating in overseas short-term programs, and results were compared with those who did not participate. The questionnaire survey carried out revealed significant differences in all global competences skills between students who attended overseas programs and those that did not. In addition, after participating in the overseas program, students understood i, why English as a tool for communication will help them grow as internationally minded future leaders, ii, how foreign languages can lead to overseas practical skills, and iii, the importance of field practice as opposed to knowledge only acquired in the classroom. The achievement of this study increases the value of overseas training for the younger Japanese generation and their perception of developing advanced thinking abilities through practical education in developing countries.
Literatura itinerante, l’absence d’oeuvre, e capital simbólico: o caso de Edgar Allan Poe
Authors: Bellei Sérgio Luiz
Published: June 2018

A literatura viaja para outros tempos e lugares e, no percurso, é afetada por mutações e reavaliações. O entendimento tradicional dessas alterações em termos da apropriação de um significado original a ser reinterpretado no momento da recepção relega a segundo plano as condições estruturais do objeto original que possibilitam reapropriações. A ênfase na reprodução do sentido no momento da recepção tende a preservar a autonomia tanto do autor que produz como da obra executada. O conceito foucauldiano de “absence d’oeuvre”, ao propor um vazio na origem da obra, abre caminho para um entendimento das condições de possibilidade da viagem do literário e das transgressões e revalorizações que a acompanham. A viagem da obra literária de Edgar Alan Poe ilustra exemplarmente a ocorrência dessas mutações transgressivas.
Uma proposta para o ensino da compreensão leitora a partir de uma concepção de educação cognitiva
Authors: Andersen Elenice
Published: June 2018

Este trabalho investiga a concepção de educação cognitiva subjacente a três programas de ensino da compreensão leitora desenvolvidos no Brasil, Portugal e Espanha, filiados teoricamente às ciências cognitivas e empiricamente validados. Para tal, realiza uma revisão narrativa das três propostas, buscando identificar os pontos de convergência entre elas, interpretando-os como o baluarte do ensino da compreensão leitora e propondo que a reflexão seja ampliada para uma concepção de educação cognitiva que integre os aspectos cognitivos aos emocionais conforme Fonseca (2015), com vistas ao desenvolvimento humano mais integral e não apenas focado no domínio cognitivo e no bom desempenho escolar, mas também na satisfação pessoal com a leitura e na compreensão de que as emoções interagem com a compreensão leitora. A partir da revisão narrativa dos programas, identifica os aspectos cognitivos e emocionais em comum, mas observa que os aspectos emotivos ainda figuram em segundo plano e precisam ser mais bem explorados com base na literatura neurocientífica recente. Na conclusão, aponta sugestões para a ampliação do ensino da compreensão da leitura em uma concepção de educação mais integradora, com espaço para a discussão dos aspectos de ordem emotiva intervenientes no processo e sugere uma agenda de pesquisas sobre o tema.
Gente de papel e tinta: a força dos personagens ecianos
Authors: Rocha Flávia Aninger de Barros , El Fahl Alana De Oliveira Freitas
Published: June 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo considerar que a permanência do interesse na obra de Eça de Queirós na contemporaneidade está centrada na força da construção de suas personagens. Apresentamos, inicialmente, um breve esboço acerca da presença dos motivos ecianos na cultura através de sua citação em variadas manifestações artísticas, como a telenovela e a música popular brasileira. Em seguida apontamos que, através dos títulos das obras, o autor português já dava mostras sobre o seu ideal de pintar as cenas portuguesas pondo em cena personagens complexas. Por fim, tecemos algumas considerações analíticas sobre contos ecianos a partir da perspectiva das personagens, lançando luz sobre alguns elementos que avivam a percepção da obra do autor e seu projeto literário através dessas personas singulares.
Navegações ou a descoberta de si (?)
Authors: Machado Rodrigo Corrêa Martins
Published: June 2018

Navegações (1983) é um livro, de Sophia Andresen, no qual há reflexões acerca de questões e problemas que assolam a história contemporânea de Portugal e a imagem mítica do ser português desbravador. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a obra andreseniana em destaque em contraste com Os Lusíadas, de Luís de Camões. Enquanto o texto camoniano mais se aproxima de uma epopeia tradicional, marcado pela viagem marítima em barcos, com herói, uma narração, uma glorificação, Navegações pode ser considerada uma epopeia moderna, em que o sujeito poético, sobrevoando o globo em um avião, questiona o país, a vida e o presente em que vive.
Roman Civil Religion and the Question of Jewish Politics in Arendt
Authors: Vatter Miguel ,   DePaul University
Published: June 2018

This article discusses the question of how Arendt’s mature “neo-Roman” republican political theory relates to her early . It argues that her early reflections on the problem of Jewish politics in modernity already adopt one of the main pillars of her later republican political theory, i.e., the substitution of federalism for sovereignty. The article puts forth the hypothesis that Arendt’s republicanism takes up the idea that Romans and Jews, during their republican periods, both held a “civil” conception of religion. Arendt’s conception of civil religion is analyzed in light of her readings of Virgil. The article concludes that Arendt’s mature political thought is neither “non-religious” nor contains a “political theology” but that it does put forward a civil-religious interpretation of natality and plurality.