bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHODS OF CULTIVATION, CRYOPRESERVATION OF STEM CELLS IN THE TREATMENT OF LIVER DISEASES
Authors: Куракбаев Е.Б. , Сапарбаев С.С. , Турдалиева Б.С. , Щукин В.В.
Published: May 2022

Хронические диффузные поражения печени (ХДПП) включают широкий спектр нозологических самостоятельных диффузных воспалительных заболеваний печени различной этиологии. Повреждение структуры печени приводит к нарушению функции данного органа, что вызывает различные нарушения, например таких как: обменный процесс, метаболические сдвиги, свертываемость крови, иммунная система, детоксикационная функция и т.д. По глобальным данным ХДПП различной этиологии ежегодна растёт, что в свою очередь вызывает рост реципиентов для трансплантации печени. Это проблема очень актуальна в настоящее время и приводит к поиску новых эффективных методов терапии для восстановления и нормализации функции печени. Применение в биоинженерных технологии дает развитие клеточной терапия (трансплантация). Методы: В обзоре обобщено исследования культивирования и криоконсервации стволовых клеток при лечении печени. Результаты: Клеточная терапия на основе стволовых клеток при заболевании печени включает в себя трансплантацию клеток с технологиями культивирования и криоконсервации. Заключение: Клеточная терапия стволовыми клетками в медицинской биоинженерной технологии может быть одним из потенциальных методов лечения при заболевании печени.

Resume. Chronic diffuse liver lesions include a wide range of nosological independent diffuse inflammatory liver diseases of various etiologies. Damage to the structure of the liver leads to a violation of the function of this organ, which causes various disorders, such as: metabolic process, metabolic shifts, blood clotting, immune system, detoxification function, etc. According to global data, chronic diffuse liver lesions of various etiologies are growing annually, which in turn causes an increase in recipients for liver transplantation. This problem is very relevant at the present time and leads to the search for new effective therapies to restore and normalize liver function. The use of bioengineering technology gives the development of cell therapy (transplantation). Methods: The review summarizes studies on the cultivation and cryopreservation of stem cells in the treatment of liver. Results: Stem cell-based cell therapy for liver disease includes cell transplantation with culture and cryopreservation technologies. Conclusion: Stem cell therapy in medical bioengineering technology may be one of the potential treatments for liver disease.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF BREAST CANCER (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Сапарбеков А.М.
Published: May 2022

Актуальность. Рак молочной железы (РМЖ) на сегодняшний день занимает одно из ведущих мест в структуре заболеваемости и смертности от злокачественных новообразований среди женщин. Цель исследования. Провести обзор литературы о распространенности и факторах риска развития РМЖ. Материалы и методы. Проведен систематический поиск литературы, отражающий распространение и причины заболевания раком молочной железы с позиции доказательной медицины. Результаты. РМЖ является ведущим в мире онкологическим заболеванием по распространенности и смертности среди женского населения. Средний возраст впервые зарегистрированных случаев в Казахстане составляет 59,1 лет. Возникновению РМЖ способствует комплекс различных факторов риска демографического, репродуктивного, гормонального, наследственного, социального (стиль, образ жизни), экологического и радиационного характера. Заключение. Результаты исследования позволяют получить четкую картину относительно распространенности и причинах развития РМЖ среди населения, что определяет возможность принятия обоснованных организационно-методических мероприятий по раннему выявлению и профилактики заболевания.

Breast cancer (BC) today occupies one of the leading places in the structure of штсшвутсу and mortality from cancers among women. Purpose of the study. Review the literature on the prevalence and risk factors for breast cancer. Materials and methods. A systematic literature search was carried out, reflecting the spread and causes of breast cancer from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. Results. Breast cancer is the world's leading cancer in terms of prevalence and mortality among the female population. The average age of newly reported cases in Kazakhstan is 59.1 years. The emergence of breast cancer is facilitated by a complex of various risk factors of demographic, reproductive, hormonal, hereditary, social (style, lifestyle), environmental and radiation nature. Conclusion. The results of the study allow us to get a clear picture of the prevalence and reasons for the development of breast cancer among the population, which determines the possibility of taking reasonable organizational and methodological measures for the early detection and prevention of the disease.
THE STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AT THE TERRITORIAL LEVEL
Authors: Байдувалиев А.М. , Камалиев М.А. , Ахметов В.И.
Published: May 2022

Проанализирована деятельность системы здравоохранения Атырауской области в обеспечении безопасности, доступности и качества медицинской помощи населению в условиях пандемии. Полученная информация использована для выработки системных мер по обеспечению стабильного и всестороннего улучшения основных механизмов функционирования системы здравоохранения территориального уровня, в частности текущих и перспективных планов развития и совершенствования менеджмента.

Resume. The activity of the Atyrau region healthcare system in ensuring the safety, accessibility and quality of medical care in a pandemic is analyzed. The information obtained was used to develop systematic measures to ensure stable and comprehensive improvement of the basic mechanisms of functioning of the health care system at the territorial level, in particular current and future development plans and management improvement.
Investigation of the effect of the biologically active additive "chitosan" on the blood composition of rats
Authors: Атанбаева Г.К. , Ракымкан А.К. , Рауан А.Б. , Едил Н.О. , Аблайханова Н.Т. , Кулбаева М.С. , Умбетьярова Л.Б. , Сайдахметова А.К. , Швецова Е.В.
Published: May 2022

Важным фактором, определяющим здоровье и продолжительность жизни человека, является питание. На современном этапе перспективной становится технология применения биологически активных добавок к пище. Большинство людей страдают ожирением. Использование биологически активных добавок для похудения быстро набирает популярность по мере роста распространенности ожирения. Смеси, часто некачественные, но доступные, механизм действия которых до конца не изучен, широко распространены в мире. В данной работе будут проведены исследования влияния биологически активной добавки «Хитозан», используемой для похудения, на гематологический показатель крыс. Для исследования были взяты 20 белых лабораторных крыс, выращенных в условиях вивария, которые были проведены в лаборатории кафедры биофизики, биомедицины и нейронауки казну. Вес 220-250 гр., их кормили стандартным живородящим кормом, взрослые 5-6 месяцев, пол-самки крыс. Для изучения действия биологически активных добавок лабораторные крысы были разделены на 2 экспериментальные группы. В каждой группе было по 10 крыс.

Nutrition is an important factor determining a person's health and life expectancy. At the present stage, the technology of using biologically active food additives is becoming promising. Most people are obese. The use of dietary supplements for weight loss is rapidly gaining popularity as the prevalence of obesity increases. Mixtures, often of poor quality, but affordable, the mechanism of action of which is not fully understood, are widespread in the world. In this work, studies will be conducted on the effect of the biologically active additive "Chitosan", used for weight loss, on the hematological index of rats. For the study, 20 white laboratory rats raised in vivarium conditions were taken, which were conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience of Kaznu. Weight 220-250 gr., they were fed standard viviparous food, adults 5-6 months, half-female rats. To study the effect of biologically active additives, laboratory rats were divided into 2 experimental groups. There were 10 rats in each group.
DIAGNOSTICS OF REPRODUCTIVE DYSFUNCTION AT PHC LEVEL
Authors: Сихымбаев М.Д. , Оспанова Д.А. , Гржибовский А.М. , Аубакирова А.С. , Фазылов Т.Р.
Published: May 2022

Определение репродуктивного и сексуального здоровья мужчин включает (патофизиологические) вопросы, такие как инфекции, передаваемые половым путем (ИППП), аномалии развития, злокачественные новообразования, травмы и бесплодие, а также психосоциальные проблемы- сексуальность, контрацепцию, профилактику заболеваний, вопросы развития, употребление табака и наркотиков, сексуальную идентичность и ориентацию, а также вопросы партнерства. Цель. Изучить существующие методы диагностики репродуктивной дисфункции на уровне ПМСП Материалы и методы. В настоящем обзоре были использованы базы данных MedLine, Cochrain, PubMEd. Изучены источники без лимитирования по языку. Обзор литературы проводился в электронном и в ручном режимах. Для обзора были отобраны статьи, соответствующие критериям включения и исключения. Для поиска были использованы ключевые слова: репродуктивная дисфунция, эректильная дисфункция. Вывод. Службы ПМСП должны предлагать мужчинам обследование, клиническую диагностику и лечение состояний, связанных с репродуктивным здоровьем; а также проводить информационные, образовательные и консультационные услуги в соответствии потребностями пациентов.

The definition of male reproductive and sexual health includes (pathophysiological) issues such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), developmental abnormalities, malignant neoplasms, trauma and infertility, as well as psychosocial issues - sexuality, contraception, disease prevention, developmental issues, tobacco use and drugs, sexual identity and orientation, and partnership issues. Aim. To study the existing methods of diagnosing reproductive dysfunction at the PHC level Materials and methods. In this review, the databases MedLine, Cochrain, PubMEd were used. Sources are studied without language limitation. The literature review was carried out in electronic and manual modes. Articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the review. The keywords were used for the search: reproductive dysfunction, erectile dysfunction. Output. PHC services should offer men screening, clinical diagnosis and treatment for conditions related to reproductive health; as well as provide informational, educational and consulting services in accordance with the needs of patients.
Systematizing memory features
Authors: Базарбек А. , Үсіпбек Б.А. , Мурзахметова М.К. , Аблайханова Н.Т. , Нуфтиева А.И. , Умбетьярова Л.Б. , Кулбаева М.С. , Маутенбаев А.А. , Атанбаева Г.К. , Жапаркулова Н.И. , Уршеева Б.И. , Жаманбаева Г.Т.
Published: May 2022

Значение памяти в жизни человека велико. Абсолютно все, что мы знаем, умеем, есть следствие способности мозга запоминать и сохранять в памяти образцы, мысли, пережитые чувства, и их системы. Память на протяжении многих десятилетий привлекает внимание широкого круга исследователей и теоретического и практического направлений. Поэтому изучение произвольной и непроизвольной памяти представляет из себя актуальную проблему. В работе представлена роль произвольной и непроизвольной памяти в жизни детей дошкольного возраста. Отражены особенности непроизвольной памяти для детей дошкольного возраста, а также переход непроизвольной к произвольной памяти. Данная работа раскрывает методические основы применения произвольного запоминания на практике в обучении школьников и студентов. Рассмотрены основные способы произвольного запоминания.

Resume. The importance of memory in a person's life is great. Absolutely everything that we know and can do is a consequence of the brain's ability to memorize and store in memory samples, thoughts, feelings experienced, and their systems. Memory has been attracting the attention of a wide range of researchers, both theoretical and practical, for many decades. Therefore, the study of arbitrary and involuntary memory is an urgent problem. The paper presents the role of voluntary and involuntary memory in the life of preschool children. The features of involuntary memory for preschool children are reflected, as well as the transition of involuntary to arbitrary memory. This work reveals the methodological foundations of the use of arbitrary memorization in practice in teaching schoolchildren and students. The main ways of arbitrary memorization are considered.
THE COURSE OF UTERINE FIBROIDS DURING MENOPAUSE
Authors: Кошенова Л.Б. , Сабырділда Ж.С. , Байболат А.С. , Алашбек Ж.Қ. , Ендалов Д.С.
Published: May 2022

Миома матки (UFs) - доброкачественная опухоль, возникающая при генетическом изменении одной из мезенхимальных стволовых клеток под действием гонодатропных гормонов. По современной стратегии основным методом лечения миомы матки являются хирургические вмешательства, но выбор видов лечения зависит от нескольких факторов: возраста пациента, сохранения фертильности, сохранения матки, топографии и размеров миомы. К видам хирургического лечения относятся миомэктомия (гистероскопическая, лапароскопическая, минилапаротомическая, лапоратомическая) и гистерэктомия, эмболизация маточной артерии[1]. Кроме того, наряду с хирургическим лечением часто используется медикаментозное лечение миомы матки (заместительная гормональная терапия). К ним относятся: прогестагены, антифибринолитики, НПВП, селективные модуляторы прогестероновых рецепторов, аналог гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормона[2]. Диагностика лейомиомы матки в одной из поликлиник г. Алматы методом ретроспективного исследования (2013-2019 гг.)) проведено исследование 70 женщин климактерического возраста.

Uterine fibroids (UFs) are non - malignant tumors caused by a genetic change in one of the mesenchymal stem cells under the influence of gonodatropic hormones. According to the current strategy, the main method of treating uterine fibroids is surgical interventions, but the choice of treatment options depends on several factors: the age of the patient, the preservation of fertility, the preservation of the uterus, the topography and size of fibroids. Types of surgical treatment include myomectomy ( hysteroscopic, laparoscopic, minilaparotomic, laporatomic) and hysterectomy, uterine artery embolization[1]. In addition, in addition to surgical treatment, medical treatment of uterine fibroids (hormone replacement therapy) is also often used. These include: progestogens, antifibrinolytics, NSAIDs, selective progesterone receptor modulators, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog[2]. Diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma in one of the polyclinics in Almaty by retrospective research (2013-2019). a study was conducted on 70 women of menopausal age.
INFLUENCE OF COVID 19 CORONAVIRUS INFECTION ON THE SEVERITY OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE COURSE AND THE RISK OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Ахментаева Д.А. , Капсултанова Д.А. , Лисовенко О.И. , Рахманкул Д.Ж. , Дурсунов С.Д. , Советканова П.Е. , Маюфи А.М. , Алиакбаров Е.А.
Published: May 2022

Наиболее распространенной причиной смерти является ишемическая болезнь сердца (ИБС), на долю которой приходится 16% в мире и 12% в Республике Казахстан. В последний год заболеваемость и смертность от ИБС возросли, что, возможно, связано с пандемией нового типа коронавируса COVID 19 (КВИ). Изучались медицинские карты пациентов, пролеченных с марта 2020 года по декабрь 2021 года на базе АО «НИИ кардиологии и внутренних болезней» г. Алматы. Были взяты две группы пациентов с ИБС: с перенесенной КВИ - 51 человек (I группа) и без неё - 55 человек (II группа). Исследованные признаки: окклюзия коронарных артерий по данным коронарной ангиографии (КАГ), результат теста шестиминутной ходьбы (тест 6МХ), липидограмма и риск острого инфаркта миокарда (ОИМ). Статистическая обработка проводилась в программе Medstatistic.ru По данным КАГ в I группе более выражен стеноз коронарных сосудов: передней межжелудочковой ветви (р=0,003), огибающей артерии (р=0,729), правой коронарной артерии (р=0,128). Показатели липидограммы имеют тенденцию к лучшим значениям у пациентов I группы: ЛПВП (р=0,551), ХС (р=0,728), ТГ (р=0,176). Результаты теста 6МХ (р=0,035), ФВ ЛЖ по ЭхоКГ (р=0,004) хуже в I группе. Развитие ОИМ у пациентов в I группе наблюдается чаще, чем во II ОР=1,618 ДИ 95% (0,619-4,226), ОШ= 1,750 ДИ 95% (0,575-5,322). КВИ утяжеляет течение ИБС и ХСН и повышает риск ОИМ.

The most frequent cause of death is coronary heart disease (CHD), which represents 16% worldwide and 12% in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Over the past year, morbidity and mortality from CHD has increased, possibly due to the pandemic of a novel type of coronavirus, COVID-19 (CVI). We reviewed the medical records of patients treated between March 2020 and December 2021 on the basis of JSC "Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases" in Almaty. Two groups of patients with CHD were taken: with CVI in anamnesis - 51 people (group I) and without it - 55 people (group II). The signs studied include: coronary artery occlusion using coronary angiography (CAG), six-minute walking test (6MWT), lipid spectrum, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) risk. The statistical analysis was carried out in the Medstatistic.ru. CAG data showed that in Group I, coronary vessel stenosis was more pronounced: anterior interventricular branch (p=0.003), circumflex artery (p=0.729), right coronary artery (p=0.128). Parameters of lipidograms were generally better in patients in group I: HDL (p=0.551), cholesterol (p=0.728), TG (p=0.176). 6MWT results (p=0.035), EF LV by echocardiography were poorer in Group I(p=0.004). The evolution of AMI in Group I patients was seen more often than in Group II RR=1.618 CI 95% (0.619-4.226), OR=1.750 CI 95% (0.575-5.322). CVI exacerbates the development of CHD and CHF and increases the risk of AMI.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY WITH NEUROHUMORAL REGULATION UNDER EXTREME EXPOSURES
Authors: Аширбеков Г.К. , Ходжаев Н.К. , Омаралиев М.И. , Билялова Г.А.
Published: May 2022

В данной работе изучалась иммунологическая реактивность и нейро-гуморальная регуляция крыс и мышей при воздействии транспортного шума и электромагнитных полей. Исследования проводились в течение 3 и 30дней, как в изолированно, так и в их комбинации. В крови животных определяли количество лейкоцитов, Т- и В-лимфоцитов, макрофагов с воздействием биологически активных веществ (адреналин, норадреналин, ацетилхолин, гистамин, серотонин), а также некоторые ферменты (холинэстераза, моноаминоксидаза). Выявлено, что от таких экстремальных факторов, как шум и электромагнитное поле, в организме развивались сдвиги в обмене биологически активных веществ, менялось состояние иммунокомпетентных клеток [1].

In this work, the immunological reactivity and neurohumoral regulation of rats and mice under the influence of traffic noise and electromagnetic fields were studied. The studies were conducted for 3 and 30 days, both in isolation and in combination. The number of leukocytes, T- and B-lymphocytes, macrophages with the influence of biologically active substances (adrenaline, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin), as well as some enzymes (cholinesterase, monoamine oxidase) were determined in the blood of animals. It was revealed that from such extreme factors as noise and electromagnetic field, shifts in the metabolism of biologically active substances developed in the body, the state of immunocompetent cells changed.
BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Шертаева А.Б. , Оспанова Д.А. , Гржибовский А.М. , Аубакирова А.С. , Фазылов Т.Р.
Published: May 2022

Актуальность. Рак молочной железы - это наиболее распространенный вид рака, а также основная причина смертности от рака у женщин во всем мире. В 2008 году было диагностировано около 1,38 миллиона новых случаев, причем почти 50% всех пациентов с раком молочной железы и примерно 60% смертей приходятся на развивающиеся страны. Во всем мире существует значительная разница в показателях выживаемости при раке молочной железы - 5-летняя выживаемость составляет 80% в развитых странах и менее 40% в развивающихся странах Цель. Изучить существующие методы диагностики рака молочной железы. Материалы и методы. В настоящем обзоре были использованы базы данных MedLine, Cochrain, PubMEd. Изучены источники без лимитирования по языку. Обзор литературы проводился в электронном и в ручном режимах. Для обзора были отобраны статьи, соответствующие критериям включения и исключения. Для поиска были использованы ключевые слова: Рак молочной железы, карцинома, Болезнь Педжета. Вывод. Проведенный обзор показал, что рак молочной железы можно предотвратить. Снижение факторов риска и скрининговые обследования - основные меры по предотвращению рака молочной железы. В будущем необходимо разработать более качественные препараты с меньшими побочными эффектами и с благоприятным соотношением риска и пользы.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. In 2008, about 1.38 million new cases were diagnosed, with nearly 50% of all breast cancer patients and about 60% of deaths in developing countries. Globally, there is a significant difference in survival rates for breast cancer - 5-year survival is 80% in developed countries and less than 40% in developing countries Goal. To study the existing methods for diagnosing breast cancer. Materials and methods. In this review, the databases MedLine, Cochrain, PubMEd were used. Sources are studied without language limitation. The literature review was carried out in electronic and manual modes. Articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the review. The following keywords were used for the search: Breast cancer, carcinoma, Paget's disease. Output. This review has shown that breast cancer can be prevented. Risk factor reduction and screening are key measures to prevent breast cancer. In the future, it is necessary to develop better quality drugs with fewer side effects and a favorable risk-benefit ratio.
METABOLIC DISORDERS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE PRODUCTION FACTOR
Authors: Аширбеков Г.К. , Ходжаев Н.К. , Арыстанова С.Т. , Арыстанова А.Т.
Published: May 2022

В данной работе изучались нарушения процессов порфиринового, углеводного, липидного обменов у работников, сталкивающихся с материалами содержащие свинцовые соединения. В качестве тестов были избраны дельта-аминолевулиновая кислота и копропорфирин - как показатели порфиринового обмена; холестерин, бета-липопротеиды, глюкоза - как показатели липидного и углеводного обмена; иммуннореактивный инсулин, кортизол - как показатели, имеющие прямое отношение к регуляции обмена. Обследовались работники предприятия работающих на аккумуляторном заводе. Из них со стажем до 5 лет было 8 человек, от 5 до 10 лет - 6 человека, свыше 10 лет - 5 человек. Где было выявлено нарушения порфиринового обмена у работающих на аккумуляторном производстве, пропорционально длительности воздействия вредных факторов производства. Начальные этапы воздействия свинцовых соединений характеризуются сочетанием гиперлипидемии и повышенного уровня кортизола. Наступающее позднее некоторое снижение концентрации кортизола сопровождается снижением содержания липидов в крови.

In this work, violations of the processes of porphyrin, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism in workers who encounter materials containing lead compounds were studied. Delta-aminolevulinic acid and coproporphyrin were chosen as tests - as indicators of porphyrin metabolism; cholesterol, beta-lipoproteins, glucose - as indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism; immune-reactive insulin, cortisol - as indicators directly related to the regulation of metabolism. The employees of the enterprise working at the battery factory were examined. Of them, there were 8 people with experience up to 5 years, 6 people from 5 to 10 years, 5 people over 10 years. Where violations of porphyrin metabolism were detected in workers in battery production, in proportion to the duration of exposure to harmful factors of production. The initial stages of exposure to lead compounds are characterized by a combination of hyperlipidemia and elevated cortisol levels. The subsequent slight decrease in cortisol concentration is accompanied by a decrease in the lipid content in the blood.
WAYS TO REDUCE INFANT MORTALITY IN THE CITY OF SHYMKENT
Authors: Мұханқызы Г. , Алимова Т.А. , Дуйсенбаева А.Ж. , Сабитова А.М.
Published: May 2022

В данной статье анализируются основные официальные данные и ставится задача определить причины младенческой смертности в Шымкенте. Младенческая смертность является одним из демографических факторов, непосредственно влияющих на развитие экономической и социальной ситуации в стране, уровень образования и культуры, загрязнение окружающей среды, доступность медицинского обслуживания, распределение материальных благ в обществе. По оценкам Всемирной организации здравоохранения, ежегодно умирает около 5 млн младенцев Младенческая смертность в Казахстане является одной из самых серьезных проблем современной медицины.

Resume: This article analyzes the main official data and sets the task to determine the causes of infant mortality in Shymkent. Infant mortality is one of the demographic factors that directly affect the development of the economic and social situation in the country, the level of education and culture, environmental pollution, the availability of medical care, and the distribution of material wealth in society. According to the World Health Organization, about 5 million babies die every year. Infant mortality in Kazakhstan is one of the most serious problems of modern medicine.
THE AGE DYNAMICS OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BOYS IN DEPENDENCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Authors: Ахмад Н.С. , Оразымбетова А.М. , Исабекова Т.К. , Мусина М.С. , Дармен Н.Ж. , Мамырбаева А.К.
Published: May 2022

В данном исследовании изучалась возрастная динамика антропометрических показателей 1225 мальчиков 8-17 лет, проживающих в экологически «чистых» и «грязных» района г.Алматы. Выявлены некоторые особенности динамики роста мальчиков в зависимости от экологического состояния окружающей среды.

In this study, the age dynamics of anthropometric indicators of 1225 boys aged 8-17 years old, living in ecologically "clean" and "dirty" districts of Almaty, was studied. Some features of the growth dynamics of boys depending on the ecological state of the environment are revealed.
EJACULATORY DYSFUNCTION PATHOGENESIS
Authors: Сихымбаев М.Д. , Оспанова Д.А. , Гржибовский А.М. , Аубакирова А. С. , Фазылов Т.Р.
Published: May 2022

Сексуальная дисфункция (СД) - это расстройство сексуального поведения и сексуальных ощущений, которое проявляется в нарушении сексуальной психологии и физиологических реакций. Это общий термин для множества различных симптомов, включая, эректильную дисфункцию (ЭД), отказ от полового акта и снижение либидо. На сегодняшний день эякуляторная дисфункция (ЭЯД) считается более сложным патологическим состоянием по сравнению с эректильной дисфункцией (ЭД). Так как окончательной классификации ЭЯД не разработано, зачастую лечение начинается с опозданием. Из-за своей связи с бесплодием ЭЯД является актуальной проблемой, особенно у мужчин репродуктивного возраста. Цель. Изучить патогенез и причины эякуляторной дисфункции у мужчин. Материалы и методы. В настоящем обзоре были использованы базы данных MedLine, Cochrain, PubMEd. Изучены источники без лимитирования по языку. Обзор литературы проводился в электронном и в ручном режимах. Для обзора были отобраны статьи, соответствующие критериям включения и исключения. Для поиска были использованы ключевые слова: репродуктивная дисфункция, сексуальная дисфункция, эякуляторная дисфункция. Заключение. Проблемы репродуктивной дисфункции широко распространены среди мужчин разного возраста. Необходимо новое понимание патофизиологии ЭЯД для разработки современных методов коррекции, включающих в себя не только фармакотерапию, но и психотерапию.

Resume. Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a disorder of sexual behavior and sexual sensations, which manifests itself in a violation of sexual psychology and physiological reactions. It is a general term for many different symptoms, including erectile dysfunction (ED), refusal to have intercourse, and decreased libido. Today, ejaculatory dysfunction (EDD) is considered a more complex pathological condition compared to erectile dysfunction (ED). Since the final classification of ENP has not been developed, treatment is often started late. Because of its association with infertility, ENP is a pressing problem, especially in men of reproductive age. Goal. To study the pathogenesis and causes of ejaculatory dysfunction in men. Materials and methods. In this review, the databases MedLine, Cochrain, PubMEd were used. Sources are studied without language limitation. The literature review was carried out in electronic and manual modes. Articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the review. The keywords were used for the search: reproductive dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction. Conclusion. Reproductive dysfunction problems are widespread among men of all ages. A new understanding of the pathophysiology of ENP is needed to develop modern methods of correction, including not only pharmacotherapy, but also psychotherapy.
THE IMPORTANCE OF DENTAL EDUCATION OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Утепова А.Я. , Жаханова С.Н. , Газизова К.Г.
Published: May 2022

Провести оценку значимости стоматологического просвещения беременных женщин и матерей в профилактике кариеса зубов у детей раннего возраста. Чтобы исключить возможность искусственного подбора опрашиваемых и быть уверенным в объективности материала исследования был использован метод случайной выборки. Для этого в опросе приняли участие 24 женщин клиники «МуратСтом» и 28 женщин городской стоматологической поликлиники г.Шымкента. Выводы: Изучение первоначального кариесологического статуса детей профилактической и контрольной групп позволило установить возрастание распространенности кариеса зубов в обоих обследованных группах. Как установлено, показатели распространенности кариеса зубов достигают в среднем на всех обследованных от 30,32 до 32,08% в профилактических группах и от 30,78 и до 33,10% в контрольной группах, соответственно. Средняя интенсивность пораженности в расчете на одного обследованного профилактической группы от 2,23 до 2,42 и контрольной группы от 2,23 до 2,41 зуба соответственно (показатели стандартизированы).

To assess the importance of dental education for pregnant women and mothers in the prevention of dental caries in young children. In order to exclude the possibility of artificial selection of respondents and to be sure of the objectivity of the research material, a random sampling method was used. For this purpose, 24 women of the MuratStom clinic and 28 women of the Shymkent city dental polyclinic took part in the survey. Conclusions: The study of the initial cariesological status of children of the preventive and control groups allowed us to establish an increase in the prevalence of dental caries in both examined groups. It has been established that the prevalence of dental caries reaches on average from 30.32 to 32.08% in the preventive groups and from 30.78 and up to 33.10% in the control groups, respectively, for all examined patients. The average intensity of the lesion per one examined preventive group from 2.23 to 2.42 and the control group from 2.23 to 2.41 teeth, respectively (the indicators are standardized).
Henry Bradshaw’s Rhyme Tests and the Formation of the Chaucer Canon: The Glasgow Romaunt of the Rose and the Tale of Gamelyn
Authors: McKee Conor
Published: May 2022

This article explores Cambridge University librarian Henry Bradshaw’s development of tests for the authenticity of works attributed to Chaucer and his application of these principles to two disputed works: the Middle English Romaunt of the Rose and the Tale of Gamelyn. It makes use of unpublished archival papers and reconsiders historical editorial approaches using methods from the digital humanities to display and analyze Bradshaw’s data. After establishing the nature of these rhyme tests and the context of their development, I consider their later use by Walter W. Skeat in the Clarendon edition. I argue that Skeat reached conclusions different from those of Bradshaw because he misunderstood the purpose of Bradshaw’s rhyme tests and their intended relationship to manuscript evidence. This realization has implications for contemporary Chaucer scholarship, which builds upon Skeat’s textual work in the Oxford and Riverside editions.
Outcomes of Push and Pull Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement in Patients
Authors: Memon Ehsan Rahim , Kumar Prem , Zeb Shaista , Arshad Imran
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim: The placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube is now the preferred nutritional support device for long-term dysphagia patients. Based on the timing, tube dislodgement could cause significant morbidity. The present study’s goal was to assess the outcomes of push and pull percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy placement in patients. Methodology: A descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 264 patients’ undergone placement in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes during the period from November 2018 to October 2021 at the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Isra University Hospital, Halaroad Hyderabad. Demographic details, indications, underlying diagnosis, and complications of the patients were assessed via medical records. Psychological status, physical and social performance, and health-related life issues were addressed through a pre-designed questionnaire. Results: Of the total 264 patients undergone PEG placement procedure, the prevalence of successful PEG tube placement was 256 (97%). Out of successful PEG tube placement in 256, the incidence of push and pull was 158 (59.8%) and 106 (39.2%) respectively. The overall mean age was 56.8 ± 8.5 years and patients were followed far a year. Tube dislodgement (p<0.001) and Peri-procedural bleeding (p=0.001) were significantly associated with push percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes placement while infected site (p=0.021), buried bumper (p<0.001), and granulation tissue formation (P = 0.032) were associated with pull PEG. Mortality rate was 0.3% in placement of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes. Conclusion: Our study found that placement of push and pull percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes placement are safe procedures. PEG-tubes placement was establish to be relatively free of serious immediate and long-term complications. The majority of caregivers and patients agreed that PEG-tubes aided in feeding and extending survival. Keywords: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, Push, Pull, Complications and Outcomes
Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight in Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Sana , Tanveer Awais , Khan Zarmast , Junai Khawaja Muhammad , Mushtaq Nazia , Ali Nazish
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Birth weight is a reliable and sensitive indicator of a new-born’s chances of long-term survival, growth, and physical and psychosocial development. There is little research in Pakistan that documents valuable data such as detailed maternal consumption data and psychological factors and links them to low birth weight. The aim was to estimate the LBW proportion and to assess the factors influencing birth weight. Methods: This cross-sectional study was held in the community medicine department in collaboration with Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Jinnah hospital, Lahore and Darul Sehat Hospital, Karachi for the duration of four months from February 2021 to July 2021. A total of 130 patients were selected in consecutive samples, and then a questionnaire was given to them. Results: Among 130 women, the LBW frequency was 16.9%, and the mean birth weight was 2.7 ± 0.6 kg. We also found a significant relationship between birth weight and per capita income, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, number of prenatal visits, maternal education, tobacco use and nutritional stress, and egg consumption. Multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between maternal weight gain and birth weight during pregnancy, tobacco use, and stress. Conclusion: More people were found to have access to basic prenatal care measures such as nutrition, free iron supplements, and regular prenatal checks, indicating a positive effect on birth weight in the study population. While several factors have been shown to be related to each other, the focus should be on psychological and nutritional factors. Keywords: Low birth weight, Related factors, Dietetics, Psychological.
Factors Associated with Development of Ventral Hernias and Healthcare Seeking Behaviors in a Cohort of Pakistani Women
Authors: Raza Vishal Farid , Chohan M. Shabbir , Nazir Absar , Choudhry Samiha , Ammarah Rabia , Latif Maham , Khan K.J. , Irshad Khalid
Published: May 2022

Background: Anterior abdominal wall hernias constitute one of the most common surgical presentations. According to the World Bank data Pakistan has one of the highest birth rates per woman in the region at 3.6 births per woman. In Pakistan there has also been a large increase in C-section rates with nearly 20% of all pregnancies being delivered via C-section, nearly 1 out of every 5 births. Multi-parity is a risk factor for developing paraumbilical hernias and C-sections lead to incisional hernia developments. Methodology: The study conducted was a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in the department of surgery from 1st June 2021 till 1st September 2021. Any woman presenting with a ventral hernia to the clinic was asked to fill out a questionnaire. 60 women presented over the study period and were enrolled. Results: Fifty five percent paraumbilical hernias and 41.7% incisional hernias were reported. The mean number of pregnancies was 4.10 S.D 1.531 with a range from 0-8. C-sections were 2 times more common than SVDs. Increasing number of pregnancies associated with younger age of onset. Higher number of vaginal deliveries and C-sections were each associated with the development of a ventral hernia. Conclusion: The high fertility rate and C-section rate in Pakistan incurs a huge risk to women developing ventral hernias and poses a burden to the public healthcare system. Keywords: Paraumbilical hernia; parity; Pakistan
Triggers for de-compensation of Chronic Liver Disease in South of Lahore
Authors: Ashraf Hafiz Hamad , Sarwar Sehrish , Khan Azhar Ali , Habib Osama , Mehdi Sidra , Ashraf Shahzad , Rehman Ambar
Published: May 2022

Background: Cirrhosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity across the world with cases number estimated to be as high as 1.5 Billion. Pakistan is one of the countries where the burden of disease is significantly high. Aim: To understand potential causative factors contributing towards decompensation of liver disease and report it for the benefit of other units providing service to similar population. Study design: Prospective observational study Methods: Common complications of portal hypertension resulting from chronic liver disease include development of ascites, encephalopathy, GI bleeding and hepato-renal syndrome. Decompensation of cirrhosis can be transient with full recovery (re-compensation), or it can be chronic. During an event of acute decompensation, clinicians strive to treat the underlying trigger which may have resulted in decompensation alongside the supportive treatment. Several of such potential factors have been reported in the literature. New infection, dehydration, consumption of alcohol and new medications are a few to mention. Many a times the cause of decompensation remains unclear. Results: The patients with established cirrhosis can develop such complications of the disease resulting in what is known as decompensation at any point during disease. It is imperative for a liver unit to know the relevant causes of hepatic decompensation in its own patients so that the treatment is based on the evidence from local population; the data which is scarce. Conclusion: Non-compliance with medical advice was the commonest factor as opposed to the available data most of which reports infection as the commonest factor, although infection was the second most common factor, and the commonest concomitant factor in this subset of patients. Cause of decompensation remains unidentified in over one fourth of cases. Keywords: Decompensation, trigger, chronic liver disease
The Incidence of Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Khan Jalal , Bukhari Syedda Alia Hassan , Shah Zahoor Ahmed , Rasheed Tuba
Published: May 2022

Aim: To estimate the incidence of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Study design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College, Quetta from 1st January 2021 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: One hundred type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled. Each patient complete detail was documented on a well-structured questionnaire which was also used for assessing the hypoglycemia status using Whipple’s triad questionnaire based information. The Whipple triad is an assembly of three criteria named as Whipple’s criteria. The most important symptoms which are presented in it are those symptoms which show presentation of hypoglycemia post meal and exercise. Patients were asked for any of the following symptoms or biochemical test results have been noticed in previous 2-3 months and their responses were recorded. Results: There were 64% patients within the age of 40-60 years while 36% were above the age of 60 years. Within the rural, type 2 diabetic patients 89.3% were those who only checked their glucose once in three months. The treatment method which was adapted by majority of the type 2 diabetic patients was use of metformin. Conclusion: Hypoglycemia appeared to be the important determinant of diabetes mellitus and sometime even prove more fatal then hyperglycemia. Keywords: Hypoglycemia; Whipple triad; Diabetes mellitus; Prevalence; Urban areas
Renal Profile of patients Diagnosed with Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Amin Huma , Zuhra Fatima Tur , Wali Nadia , Shaukat Farhana , Aslam Muhammad Sohail , Masood Atika
Published: May 2022

Aim: To assess the baseline renal profile of patients with COVID-19. Methods: It was a cross sectional study, conducted in hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University from March to August 2020. Consecutive 169 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were enrolled. Patients with history of kidney disease were not included. Peripheral blood samples were analysed for renal functions on fully automated chemistry analyser. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for every patient was calculated using two equations for chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) and modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD). Results: Out of total 169 COVID-19 patients, 97(57%) were males 72(43%) were females. The mean age was 54.1±16.30 (18 to 92) years. A total of 96(57%) patients were below 60 years of age. Mean Urea, serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were found to be elevated in this study cohort with no statistically significant difference with respect to age and gender (P value >0.05). Scr was raised in 46(27%) while 113(67%) and 103 (62%) patients had elevated serum Urea and BUN respectively. eGFR of <60mL/min/1.73m2 was observed in 50(30%) of patients. Conclusion: Elevated mean Urea, Scr and BUN were observed in COVID 19 patients without any significant difference according to age and gender. Moderate to severe derangement in eGFR was noted in one third of COVID 19 patients. Keywords: COVID-19, Renal function test, Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Mean Blood Loss in Third Stage of Labour Treated with and without Prophylactic Tranexamic Acid
Authors: Khurshid Hafiza Naveeda , Noor Samar , Tasheen Huma , Khokar Shabana , Saleem Sobia
Published: May 2022

Background: Massive obstetrical hemorrhage, a leading contributor towards maternal fatality in economically developing countries, is occasionally related with the passive and apathetic management of the third stage of labor. The increasing frequency of anaemia among pregnant women in developing countries, mild to moderate blood loss during labour necessitates massive transfusions with associated complications. Aim: Recent studies claimed that prophylactic tranexamic acid can significantly reduce the mean blood loss during 3rd stage of labour and advocated it in future practice. Methods: The research was conducted as randomized controlled trial carried out from February 2021 to October 2021 in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. A total of 116 pregnant women aged between 18-35 years presenting in labor at term (37-42 weeks of gestation as per dating scan) which were randomly allocated into two groups. Patients in Group-A were given additional tranexamic acid at the end of 2nd stage of labor while those in Group-B received conventional treatment alone. Results: Patients were 28.33±4.77 years with the mean age while the mean gestational age at delivery was 39.39±1.69 weeks. 30(25.9%) women were primiparas and 86 (74.1%) were multiaparas. The mean BMI of these patients was 27.50±3.90 Kg/m2 while the average duration of 3rd stage of labor was 4.69±1.83 minutes. Patients taking prophylactic tranexamic acid lost significantly less blood in the third stage of labors than controls (244.83±21.47 vs. 354.09±22.36 ml; p-value<0.001). Conclusion: In the present study, prophylactic tranexamic acid was found to significantly reduce the mean blood loss during 3rd stage of labor which along with low cost, widespread availability and oral administration advocates the routine use of tranexamic acid (during 3rd stage of labor) in future obstetric practice to minimize blood loss with subsequent decreased need for blood transfusion and better patient’s recovery. Keywords: Third Stage of Labor, Blood Loss, Tranexamic Acid
Effects of Muscle Energy Technique vs Bruegger’s Relief Exercise on Forward Head Posture among electronic gadget users
Authors: Dalawar Anam , Afzal Hamna , Dalawar Iram , Murtaza Ahmad , Ghafoor Abdul , Fiaz Shams
Published: May 2022

Background: Neck pain due to Forward Head Posture (FHP) caused by prolongs flexion of head and neck while using electronic gadgets. It causes different musculoskeletal complaints particularly affecting upper limb and neck region. Muscle Energy Technique is an efficient method to reduce the tightness and improve strength of muscles. Bruegger’s Relief Exercise is helpful in improving posture. Aim: To compare the effects of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) and Bruegger’s Relief Exercise on pain, range of motion and function in patients of cervicalgia due to FHP. Method: A pilot study was performed. 24 subjects were recruited according to sample selection criteria and were assigned to Group A and B. Assessment of pain, function, Cervical ROM and Craniovertebral angle was taken using NPRS, NDI, Goniometer and photogrammetry. Group A received treatment with hot pack and Muscle Energy Technique. Group B received hot pack and Bruegger’s Relief Exercise. Total 20 sessions were given to each patient in 4 weeks with 5 sessions per week. Both groups were reassessed after 4 weeks of treatment. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 23. Results: There was statistically significant changes within both groups in the NPRS, NDI, CROM and Craniovertebral angle with p- value of < 0.05 Both were effective but using Bruegger’s Relief Exercise showed more improvement. Conclusion: Both treatment strategies were effective in decreasing pain, improving movement, regaining functional status, and correcting posture but using Bruegger’s Relief Exercise is more efficient for treating neck pain due to FHP. Key words: Forward head posture, Muscle energy techniques, Bruegger’s relief exercise