bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Bayes Maze: The Psychologist’s Guide to Bayesian Statistics, a Hands-On Tutorial with R Code
Authors: Alter Udi , Too Miranda , Cribbie Rob
Published: February 2024

Bayesian statistics has gained substantial popularity in the social sciences, particularly in psychology. Despite its growing prominence in the psychological literature, many researchers remain unacquainted with Bayesian methods (or their advantages). This tutorial addresses the needs of curious applied psychology researchers and introduces Bayesian analysis as an accessible and powerful tool. We begin by comparing Bayesian and frequentist approaches, redefining fundamental terms from both perspectives with practical illustrations. Our exploration of Bayesian statistics includes Bayes’s Theorem, likelihood, prior and posterior distributions, various prior types, and Markov-Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, supplemented by graphical aids for clarity. To bridge theory and practice, we employ a psychological research example with real, open data. We analyze the data using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches, providing R code and comprehensive Supplementary Materials, and emphasizing best practices for interpretation and reporting. We discuss and demonstrate how to interpret parameter estimates and credible intervals, among other essential topics. Throughout, we maintain an accessible and user-friendly language, focusing on practical implications, intuitive examples, and actionable recommendations.
Harnessing Advanced Tractography in Neurosurgical Practice
Authors: Beyh Ahmad , Ohlerth Ann-katrin , Forkel Stephanie
Published: February 2024

This chapter explores the fundamentals and recent advancements of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and its primary application, tractography. Both have become indispensable in the research arena and are currently being integrated into the clinical world, especially for neurosurgery. These technologies provide rapid, in vivo mapping of white matter tracts, greatly assisting surgeons in pre-surgical planning and enabling them to offer patients more precise prognostic information, thereby enhancing the process of informed decision-making. Despite nearly three decades of use in research and the development of sophisticated mapping techniques, the adoption of contemporary tractography methods in clinical settings has been slow. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of DWI's basic principles, shed light on advanced methodologies that surpass the traditional diffusion tensor model, and discuss the clinical integration of tractography. Our objective is to advocate for the incorporation of newer tractography techniques into standard clinical practice.
Bedürfnisse vs. Bedarfe: Bedürfnisorientierung als Konzept für eine erfolgreiche In-tegration des On-Demand-Verkehrs in den ÖPNV Lübecks
Authors: Gruner Marthe , Lietzke Svante , Schrills Tim Philipp Peter , Höhnke Carolin , Sieger Marvin , Franke Thomas
Published: February 2024

In diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept der Bedürfnisorientierung im Zusammenhang mit der In-tegration von On-Demand-Angeboten in den ÖPNV beleuchtet, illustriert am Beispiel des Lübecker Mobilitätsprojekts "in2Lübeck" mit dem On-Demand-Ridepooling-Angebot Lümo. Zentral ist hierbei die Fragestellung, wie bedürfnisorientierte Mobilitätslösungen die Zufrie-denheit und Attraktivität des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs, insbesondere außerhalb der Hauptverkehrszeiten, steigern können. Als innovatives Angebot ergänzt Lümo den traditionel-len öffentlichen Linienverkehr in Lübeck und verbindet die Flexibilität des eigenen Autos mit den Vorteilen des öffentlichen Nahverkehrs. Bei der Weiterentwicklung des Ridepooling-An-gebots in Lübeck steht primär die Berücksichtigung von Bedürfnissen wie dem Gefühl von Autonomie, Verbundenheit und Sicherheit im Vordergrund. Um diese Aspekte in der Mobilität messbar und quantifizierbar zu machen, wurde die Skala "Perceived Mobility Need Satisfac-tion" (PMNS) entwickelt. Die Ergebnisse einer umfangreichen Panelstudie zeigen, dass Ange-bote von On-Demand-Ridepooling wie Lümo in Bedürfnisbereichen wie Autonomie, Sicher-heit und Vergnügen, die Lücke zwischen dem privaten PKW und dem traditionellen Linienver-kehr schließen können. Damit kann einerseits der Weg geebnet sein für einen Verzicht auf den motorisierten Individualverkehr, und andererseits für den Umstieg auf öffentliche Verkehrsmit-tel. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass der On-Demand-Ridepooling-Verkehr eine viel-versprechende Ergänzung zum traditionellen Linienverkehr bietet und eine bedürfnisorientierte Weiterentwicklung dieses Angebots eine Schlüsselrolle der nachhaltigen Mobilitätswende spie-len kann.
On Iverson's law of similarity
Authors: Gselmann Eszter , W.Doble Christopher , Hsu Yung Fong
Published: February 2024

Iverson (2006) proposed the law of similarity\[\xi_{s}(\lambda x)= \gamma(\lambda, s)\xi_{\eta(\lambda, s)}(x)\]for the sensitivity functions $\xi_{s}\, (s\in S)$. Compared to the former models, the generality of this one lies in that here $\gamma$ and $\eta$ can also depend on the variables $\lambda$ and $s$. In the literature, this model (or its special cases) is usually considered together with a given psychophysical representation (e.g. Fechnerian, subtractive, or affine). Our goal, however, is to study at first Iverson's law of similarity on its own. At first we show that if certain mild assumptions are fulfilled, then $\xi$ can be written in a rather simple form containing only one-variable functions.The obtained form proves to be very useful when we assume some kind of representation. Motivated by Hsu and Iverson (2016), in the second part of the third section we study the above model assuming that the mapping $\eta$ is multiplicatively translational. First, we show how these mappings can be characterized. Later on we turn to the examination of the so-called power law. According to our results, the corresponding function $\xi$ then does not have a Fechnerian representation, but it do have a subtractive representation. As an application of the results of the subsection, we close the paper with the study of the shift invariance property.
Do Different Features of Interdependence Have the Same Psychological Consequences? Familial Respect Predicts Dispositional Bias
Authors: Espinosa Natalia , Salvador Cristina
Published: February 2024

People from interdependent cultures are thought to show a weaker dispositional bias because they are more attuned to situational factors, such as norms and roles. However, do interdependent psychological tendencies always predict this pattern in attributions? Another aspect related to interdependence is a focus on maintaining positive family and social relations. The importance of maintaining close family relationships, known as familial obligation, may promote dispositional attributions for positive behaviors. Using an EEG measure of dispositional bias with Latinx college students (N = 41), we found that familial respect predicted a stronger dispositional bias, while interdependent self-construal predicted a weaker one (Study 1). In Study 2, we replicated the pattern in a pre-registered cross-cultural comparison between Mexicans and European Americans (N = 802): familial respect predicted a tendency to form internal attributions, while interdependent self-construal predicted a tendency to form situational attributions. To examine the mechanism for the effect we examined the role of the valence of the situation (Studies 2-3) and the Latinx cultural value of simpatía (a tendency to be warm and positive) in a sample of Mexicans (N = 393; Study 3). Familial respect predicted internal attributions for positive situations only (Studies 2-3), which was in part explained by simpatía (Study 3). We propose that different features of interdependence, such as familial obligation, need to be examined separately to understand cultural variation in psychology.
Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Heterogeneity Across Schools in the U.S. Public Education System: A Correspondence Audit of Principals
Authors: Gaddis S. Michael , Crabtree Charles , Holbein John B. , Pfaff Steven
Published: February 2024

Although numerous studies document different forms of discrimination in the U.S. public education system, very few provide plausibly causal estimates. Thus, it is unclear to what extent public school principals discriminate against racial and ethnic minorities. Moreover, no studies test for heterogeneity in racial/ethnic discrimination by individual-level resource needs and school-level resource strain – potentially important moderators in the education context. Using a correspondence audit, we examine bias against Black, Hispanic, and Chinese American families in interactions with 52,792 public K-12 principals in 33 states. Our research provides causal evidence that Hispanic and Chinese American families face significant discrimination in initial interactions with principals, regardless of individual-level resource needs. Black families, however, only face discrimination when they have high resource needs. Additionally, principals in schools with greater resource strain discriminate more against Chinese American families. This research uncovers complexities of racial/ethnic discrimination in the K-12 context because we examine multiple racial/ethnic groups and test for heterogeneity across individual- and school-level variables. These findings highlight the need for researchers conducting future correspondence audits to expand the scope of their research to provide a more comprehensive analysis of racial/ethnic discrimination in the U.S.
Cancer staging classification Using VGG16 Architecture Algorithms (TNM staging system)
Authors: Saadeldeen Ashraf Mohammed
Published: February 2024

Understanding the cancer stage aids doctors in developing a prognosis and creating a treatment plan for individual patients. Cancer staging is the process of identifying the amount and location of cancer in the body. It describes the severity of a person's cancer based on the size of the original (primary) tumor as well as the extent to which the cancer has spread in the body. Staging gives medical professionals a standard vocabulary to use when discussing a patient's cancer and working together to choose the best course of action. In recent years, deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool for has been applied to the analysis of pathological images for the detection and classification of diseases. Because deep learning can evaluate enormous volumes of data rapidly and effectively, it is important for the categorization of cancer. This can enhance overall results and assist physicians in making better-informed decisions about patient care. Furthermore, small patterns and traits that might not be visible to the human eye can be trained into deep learning models, enabling earlier identification and more successful therapy. A VGG16 model was developed for cancer classification, and the pre-trained Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG16) architecture has been applied on convolutional neural network (CNN)-based automatic cancer classification. Some research has studied the use of modified VGG configurations, such as VGG16, to classify cancerous tumors in human tissue images. Studies have shown high efficiency of applying VGG16 in cancer classification, as it was found to be particularly effective in achieving high accuracy rates. The VGG16 model with training was particularly effective in achieving high accuracy rates for cancer classification.
Halal Laundry Detergents: Ingredients and Regulations in Malaysia
Authors: Nur Azira Tukiran  , Raihanah Badrul Hisham
Published: February 2024

Cleaning products are necessary for our daily lives since they are highly effective in cleaning and washing. They assist in personal hygiene by loosening and removing soil and dirt from the surface, diminishing germs or bacteria that are the source of infectious diseases and making the surroundings comfortable. There are three most common detergents in various places: laundry, dishwashing, and household cleaning. Hence, this review paper focuses on laundry detergent to clean the dirt on fabrics and clothes. This paper aims to provide general knowledge for consumers, particularly Muslims, of the ingredients used in laundry detergents and the halal-related regulations in Malaysia. Ingredients used in detergent products, such as enzymes derived from animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria, have issues with where the sources were obtained, which subsequently become one of the reasons many productions have issues fulfilling the halal certification requirement. Other than enzymes, many other ingredients are added to detergent products to provide specific properties and characteristics, such as surfactants, builders, alkalis, bleaches, colourants, and fragrances, which consumers should know before purchasing. Manufacturers must inform Muslim consumers about the purity and impurity of the ingredients used in laundry detergents to make wise decisions in purchasing halal products.
Exploring the Potential of 5 Commercial Essential Oils to Inhibit the Proliferation of A549 Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Abdullah Nazurah , Noor Yuslida Hazahari  , Yusilawati Ahmad Nor  , Azura Amida  , Nurhusna Samsudin
Published: February 2024

Globally, lung cancer stands as the primary cause of cancer-related fatalities, securing a spot among the top 10 in newly reported cases. The late detection of lung cancer is often attributed to its indication through commonplace symptoms like coughing. Seeking alternatives, this research investigated the medicinal potential of certain essential oils (EOs) with a rich history in traditional medicine. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of 5 EOs — Clary Sage, Frankincense, Marjoram, Myrrh, and Thyme as a halal alternative therapy for lung cancer A549 cell line. Notably, based on these investigations’ findings, Myrrh and Thyme emerged as promising candidates, displaying significant capability to inhibit lung cancer cell expansion. Myrrh had the lowest IC50 value, 19 μg/mL, followed by Thyme, 45 μg/mL. In optimisation research, Myrrh resulted in 85% inhibition after 72 hours of exposure to 800 μg/mL concentration. Myrrh demonstrated reduced cell generation and growth rates for cytokinetic study and increased cell death rate. In conclusion, this research was designed to explore the cytotoxic effects of EOs on lung cancer cells using the A549 cell line, leading to the identification of a potential alternative source of halal-compliant pharmaceuticals.
A New Technique for Quantifying Opal Content in Colorado's Upper Eocene Castle Rock Conglomerate
Authors: Svihlik Nik , Longman Mark W.
Published: February 2024

Hydrous amorphous silica (aka opal) is a common cement in the Upper Eocene Castle Rock Conglomerate (CRC) of the southwestern Denver Basin. Petrographic study of standard thin sections indicates that this opal forms from 5% to as much as 40% of any given sample. It also commonly occurs as a precursor to fibrous length-fast chalcedony, a crystalline form of quartz cement. Similar opal cement apparently derived from shards of volcanic glass is even more common in the subjacent Wall Mountain Tuff, a welded deposit of volcanic ash that was the most likely source of silica in the opal cement in the CRC. This paper provides a first-of-its-kind attempt to quantify the amount of opal cement in selected samples of the CRC based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Because opal is amorphous, its abundance cannot be quantified using standard XRD techniques, but experimenting with heating indicates that it is possible to convert powdered amorphous opal to a crystalline form of silica in less than 48 hours at a temperature of 550°C. Comparison of pre- and post-heat treatment XRD diffractograms thus provides a potential tool for quantifying opal content in the CRC and other opal-cemented samples. This new analytical technique and its results are described in this paper.
Factors Influencing the Interest in Using Sharia Digital Banking Applications in Indonesia
Authors: Kholidah Nur , Arifiyanto Muhammad , Subowo Edy , Pambuko Zulfikar Bagus
Published: February 2024

Sharia digital banking represents a recent innovation in the Islamic banking industry. Beyond being a trend, digital banks serve as an adaptation to address emerging changes and threats. The aim of this research is to identify factors influencing interest in using Sharia digital banks. In this case, the author examines the influence of user interface, digital literacy, social factors, brand image, and Sharia financial literacy on the millennial generation's interest in using Sharia digital banking applications in Indonesia. This research involved 100 millennial samples from Pekalongan City. Data analysis employs the Partial Least Square technique. The results reveal that digital literacy, social factors, and brand image significantly and positively influence the millennial generation's interest in using Sharia digital banking applications. Meanwhile, user interface and Islamic financial literacy have a significant negative effect on the millennial generation's interest in using Sharia digital banking applications.
Menggugat Keadilan Tuhan: Studi Komparasi Tafsīr Al-Kasysyāf, Al-Tafsir Al-Munīr, dan Tafsir Al-Mizān
Authors: Romadhona Azizah , Jannah Wardatul , Said Hasani Ahmad
Published: February 2024

Keadilan Tuhan terus menjadi diskusi karena berhubungan dengan konsep perbuatan manusia. Manusia bebas berkehendak ataukah semua perbuatan manusia tercipta dari Tuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali konsep keadilan Tuhan dari tafsir-tafsir aliran kalam, yakni Mu’tazilah, Asy’ariyah, dan Syi’ah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian perpustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data primer diambil dari tafsir Al-Kasysyaf karya Az-Zakahsyari, tafsir Al-Munir karya Wahbah Zuhaili, dan tafsir Al-Mizan karya Ath-Thaba’thaba’i. Mu’tazilah mengakui adanya kehendak manusia dan wajibnya sikap adil Allah. Asy’ariyah mengatakan bahwa perbuatan akan dibalas sesuai apa yang dikerjakan dengan adanya pengecualian bahwa kehendak mutlak Tuhan yang pasti adil dalam kehendak-Nya. Sedangkan Syi'ah juga mempercayai bahwa Allah adil dengan memberikan balasan kepada hamba-Nya dan hamba bertanggungjawab atas amalnya, namun tidak menganggap bahwa manusia ini benar-benar bebas berkehendak.
Exploring Muhammadiyah's Research Landscape: A Bibliometric Analysis and Emerging Trends
Authors: Apriantoro Muhamad Subhi , Kaloka Ranu Diva , El Ashfahany Afief , Hudaifah Hudaifah
Published: February 2024

This research aims to analyze the developmental map and direction of Muhammadiyah research using bibliometric studies to classify processed data based on author, year of publication, country of publication, and network analysis. Utilizing bibliometric analysis and quantitative methods from the Scopus database, 701 articles were collected, analyzed, and visualized. The majority of Muhammadiyah research authors are based in Indonesia. The most influential source is the Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Consequently, we identified four focal points of Muhammadiyah research, including (1) student learning, (2) Muhammadiyah and humanitarian issues, (3) Muhammadiyah human resources, and (4) Muhammadiyah research methods.
Embracing Disconcertment
Authors: Thompson Jennifer Jo
Published: February 2024

The digitisation of agriculture is underway—with advocates highlighting its potential to improve resource efficiency and reduce environmental impacts of agriculture, and critics suggesting that emerging technology will exacerbate inequalities in the food system. Drawing on five years of collaboration within an interdisciplinary sustainable agriculture project, I critically consider the limitations of on-farm research as a strategy for rendering ‘real-world’ farm practice into data for digital tools to guide farmer decision-making. In engagements with data science, anthropologists must use our seat at the table to practice what Helen Verran (2001) called ‘generative critique’ in support of responsible research and innovation. Our training in engaged yet critical participant observation, and our experience building long-term relationships within communities, makes anthropologists particularly well-suited for this role.
An Assessment of Low Tax Paying in Pakistan: Causes and Problems
Authors: Hassan Abida , Rao Sadia Saeed , Abbas Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Taxation plays a very vital role in the development of any state it is the backbone of financial progress and strengthens the country economically. In Pakistan, the matter of Tax is multifarious and Government levies many taxes on individuals in different capacities. There are different departments regulating and dealing with tax-related matters. In past, the lack of tax paying affected the economy of Pakistan. But for many years, the government of Pakistan offered specific immunities to increase the revenue of Pakistan through tax collection. This policy of the Government was very successful. Despite all these efforts, immunities, tax collection and increase in revenue, the economy of Pakistan did not improve. This research can improve it by different methods and studies. This study was conducted to assess the problems and causes of low tax paying in Pakistan. The outcomes will recommend suggestions and different solutions to overcome these problems.
Understanding the Nexus of Creativity, Learning Capability, Flow Experience, Leadership and Organizational Performance: Evidence from the Higher Education Institution in KP Pakistan
Authors: Khan Aftab , Shah Raza Ullah , Saleem Kashif
Published: February 2024

This study investigates university performance through the lenses of creativity, organizational learning, flow experience, and leadership effectiveness. Addressing a gap in recent literature, the research emphasizes the critical role of innovation, creativity, and flow experience in shaping organizational performance, particularly in the context of universities. Employing a questionnaireâbased approach, the study encompasses 642 participants, including teachers and administrative staff from various universities in the southern region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Findings reveal a direct impact of staff creativity and learning capabilities on organizational performance, with an additional indirect influence through the flow experience. The effectiveness of leadership is identified as a moderator in the relationship between flow experience and organizational performance. The results underscore the intricate connections between staff creativity, flow experience, and their implications for higher education policies, curriculum design, and pedagogical practices. The study's insights extend beyond academia, providing valuable implications for cultivating skills in today's competitive and dynamic world.
Poverty Alleviation through the Islamic Finance Inclusion: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Musa Muhammad , Shah Hassan Shakeel , Khan Kifayat Ullah
Published: February 2024

The goal of this study is to evaluate how financial inclusion reduces poverty. The paper first examines how financial inclusion reduces poverty. The research article then compares Islamic and mainstream financial inclusion. Thirdly, the study examines global Islamic financial inclusion components.Islamic finance alleviates poverty and promotes economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social responsibility. The restriction on riba, profit-and-loss sharing, asset-backed lending, ethical investment, zakat and sadqah, and financial education, which are crucial to Islamic financial inclusion, creates these effects. Islamic finance encourages ethical investing, socially responsible business practices, charity, and social welfare. All these behaviours encourage social responsibility. The Islamic Research and Training Institute, International Institute of Islamic Banking and Financing, and UNDP say Islamic financing promotes society.These effects make Islamic financial inclusion a more just and equitable society.
Exploring the Banking Support System Available for Visually Impaired Individuals in the Local Banks: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Khan Rabisha Laraib , Ashraf Samina , Iqbal Kashif
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to seek the status of banking support available for people with visual impairments. This research was exploratory and qualitative. 20 people who were visually challenged made up the study's sample. For data collection, the researcher used a purposive sampling technique. The protocol for the self-developed semi-structured interview served as the data collection technique. The expert opinion (N=04) assured the content validity of the instrument. In addition to pilot testing, a thorough literature review was conducted to verify the questionnaire's reliability. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The data analysis produced 5 key themes: perception of visually impaired persons (VIPs), challenges for VIPs, dealing with literate or illiterate blind, banking services, and improving banking services. The study's results showed that males with visual impairment made up the majority of the participants, and they claimed that banks are not properly implementing the law as it stands.
Greening the Bottom Line: Investigating the Influence of Green Management Innovation on Firm Financial Performance in the Pakistani Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Ashraf Hafiz Ahmad , Iqbal Javed , Anjum Waseem
Published: February 2024

Due to growing worldwide industrial apprehension, adopting green innovation ` essential in addressing environmental issues. Current study investigates the impact of green management innovation (GMgt) on firm financial performance (FPP). In addition, this study examines the mediating effect of green process innovation (GPrcI) and green product innovation (GPdI) between GMgt and FPP. Data were analyzed through SPSS and AMOS. Based on a sample of 307 top and middle level employees in the Pakistani manufacturing industry. The results revealed that GMgtI has a significant impact on FFP. Second, GPrcI significantly mediates the relationship between GMgtI and FPP. Third, GpdI insignificantly mediates the relationship between GMgtI and FFP. The results also showed that green image significantly moderates the relationship between GPrcI, GPdI and FPP. Finally, the study provides implications for manufacturing firms interested in implementing green innovation practices.
Impact of In-service Teachers' Training on Developing Financial Management Competencies of Educational Managers at the Secondary School Level in Punjab
Authors: Abbas Muhammad , Shah Syed Tasleem Abbas , Arif Muhammad
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to deal with in-service promotion-linked training programs conducted by the (QAED) wing on the development of financial management competencies among educational managers at Punjab's secondary school level. The management is entrusted with multifaceted financial responsibilities. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews with purposively selected Twelve educational managers who have completed the training. Thematic analysis was employed to identify common patterns and themes within the qualitative data, illuminating the nuanced ways in which the training impacts educational managers' financial competencies. The findings will not only contribute to the knowledge base but also hold the potential to inform the design and delivery of training programs tailored to meet the specific financial demands of educational managers in Punjab's secondary schools. Ultimately, the study's insights are anticipated to contribute to more informed financial decision-making within educational institutions, positively influencing the quality of education and overall institutional growth.
"Master Disciple Relationship in the Hindi Poetry of Amir Khusrow: An Analysis" by Tazeem Imran
Authors: Imran Tazeem
Published: February 2024

The Indo-Persian Sufi tradition emphasizes incommunicable, unbound, and unconditioned Divine love, evoking a bridal metaphor as a symbol of divinity. The spiritual path evolves through esoteric contemplation of Fana Fil Shaykh, characterized by complete trust and willingness to discover the miraculous powers of the Holy Guide. The Master emerges as the prime model for the seeker of divine love, and the relationship between the Master and Disciple is characterized by self-subjugation and meditation. Amir Khusrow, a distinguished Sufi poet, transcribed the intimacy and mutual love between Master and Disciple in his Hindi poeticarticulations and musical compositions, contributing significantly to Indian art and literature.
Instant Granule Formulation Combining White Sweet Potato Leaves Extract (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) and Javanese Chili (Piper retrofractum Vahl)
Authors: Irawan Herman , Permata Sari Indah , Tisnadjaja Djadjat , Ekawati Nurlaili , Hertati Ai , Novianti Ela , Masaenah Eem
Published: February 2024

Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a viral infection transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is one of the symptoms is thrombocytopenia. The extract from white sweet potato leaves is recognized for its potential to increase the number of platelet count. This research aimed to develop a formula for an instant granule combining white sweet potato leaves extract with Javanese chili extract meeting taste preferences and societal acceptability. The preparation of the extract was performed by maseration using 70% ethanol and then concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The result was a thick extract which was then dried in an oven at 50℃. The manufacture of instant granule formulations was conducted using wet granulation method. Various formulations were obtained by differentiated concentration of Javanese chili used in the formula (FI 1%, FII 2%, and FIII 3%). The instant granule formulation was evaluated by organoleptic assay and other essential parameters for instant granule, such as moisture content, flow rate, angle of repose, and particle size distribution. The FII 2% formulation emerged as the most acceptable with an average score of 2.17. Non-parametric analysis indicated no significant difference among the three formulas, as the obtained significant value (α) was ≥ 0.05, leading to the acceptance of the null hypothesis H0.
Modified Titanium Oxide with Metal Doping as Photocatalyst in Photochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Haris Prayudha Setyawan  , Okta Suryani
Published: February 2024

This article focuses on the modification of titanium oxide (TiO2) using metal doping to improve its photocatalytic activity in photochemical water splitting systems. TiO2 is a widely used photocatalyst, which has a wide band gap energy and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, thus reducing the efficiency of photochemical water splitting systems. Metal doping, such as Pt, Cu, Fe, and V metals can lower the band gap energy of the photocatalyst, increase the absorption of visible light, and reduce electron-hole recombination. Modified TiO2 shows promising results in photochemical water splitting, utilising a wider range of visible light from the solar spectrum thereby improving the efficiency of the photochemical water splitting system.
A Challenge in A(G)I: Cybernetics Revived in the Ouroboros Model as One Algorithm for All Thinking
Authors: Thomsen Knud
Published: February 2024

A topical challenge for algorithms in general, and for automatic image categorization and generation in particular, is presented in the form of a drawing for AI to “understand.” In a second vein, AI is challenged to produce something similar from a verbal description. The aim of the paper is to highlight strengths and deficiencies of current Artificial Intelligence approaches while coarsely sketching a way forward. A general lack of encompassing symbol-embedding and (not only) -grounding in some bodily basis is made responsible for current deficiencies. A concomitant dearth of hierarchical organization of concepts follows suit. As a remedy for these shortcomings, it is proposed to take a wide step back and to newly incorporate aspects of cybernetics and analog control processes. It is claimed that a promising overarching perspective is provided by the Ouroboros Model with a valid and versatile algorithmic backbone for general cognition at all accessible levels of abstraction and capabilities. Reality, rules, truth, and Free Will are all useful abstractions according to the Ouroboros Model. Logical deduction as well as intuitive guesses are claimed to be produced on the basis of one compartmentalized memory for schemata and a pattern-matching, i.e., monitoring process termed consumption analysis. The latter directs attention on short (attention proper) and also on long time scales (emotional biases). In this cybernetic approach, discrepancies between expectations and actual activations (e.g., sensory precepts) drive the general process of cognition and at the same time steer the storage of new and adapted memory entries. Dedicated structures in the human brain work in concert according to this scheme.
Low-Carbon Hydrogen Economy Perspective and Net Zero-Energy Transition through Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cells (PEMECs), Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs) and Wind for Green Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Mittal Harshit , Verma Shikhar , Bansal Aditya , Kushwaha Omkar Singh
Published: February 2024

Even though there has been a rapid increase in the use of hydrogen production techniques in recent years, there is still an exigent need for affordable, sustainable and efficient low-carbon hydrogen generation methods. Based on the current United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, in recent decades, alkaline electrolysers and proton exchange membrane electrolysers have reached high commercial and industrial levels in the hydroprocessing industry. The energy generated from wind and solar energy is integrated with anion exchange membranes (AEMs) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which produce clean hydrogen. Anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysers overcome the worst problems of previous types of electrolysers because of their ability to use nonplatinum and nonnafion membrane materials, high hydrogen storage density, and compact microcells recommended for large-scale low-carbon systems. Another technique for hydrogen production via oxidation is ethanol electrocatalysis in PEMECs for ultraclean hydrogen production. In this study, hydrogen production via water electrolysis with the help of anion-conducting solid polymer electrolytes and a novel integrated inorganic membrane electrode assembly (I2 MEA) for anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis by using inorganic Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (Mg-Al LDHs) as an ionic conductor were also theoretically and economically investigated for the purpose of producing low-carbon hydrogen.
Influence of Meta-cognition, Self-efficacy, and Self-regulated Learning on Students’ Achievement in Biology in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Mustapha Morufat Adeola , Bello Ganiyu , Alabi Hafsat Imam
Published: February 2024

Meta-cognitive knowledge and skills play a prominent role in students' learning, retention, and overall success in science and non-science related fields. Proper utilization of students' meta-cognition assists in regulating their learning and building self-confidence in the learners. This, in turn, could contribute to self-learning for meaningful understanding of biological concepts. Hence, the need to explore the influence of meta-cognition, self-efficacy, and self-regulated strategies on the achievements of biology students in Ibadan North, Nigeria. Other specific purposes addressed in the study were (i) influence of meta-cognition, self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning on students' achievement; and the relationship among meta-cognition, self-efficacy, and self-regulated strategies. The study adopted a descriptive research design of a survey type. Three research instruments utilized for data collection were the meta-cognition scale, the self-efficacy scale, and the self-regulated strategy scale. The reliabilities of the instruments were determined using Cronbach's alpha; the reliability values of 0.86, 0.82, and 0.80, respectively, were obtained. The study found that meta-cognition does not significantly influence students’ achievement in biology, whereas a significant difference existed between students' achievement in biology and (i) self-efficacy, and (ii) self–regulated strategies. The study also revealed that a relationship existed among meta-cognition, self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning strategies. The study recommends that biology students, in light of the results, should be exposed to different types of meta-cognitive skills, and they should be exposed to tasks and questions that can boost their self-efficacy, among others.
Re-contextualizing Heim’s 12 Dimensions: A Comparative Analysis with Contemporary Theories of Energy, Reality, and Consciousness
Authors: Leong David
Published: February 2024

This paper re-contextualizes Burkhard Heim’s theory of 12 dimensions within the framework of extant literature on energy, reality, and consciousness, providing a comprehensive synthesis that aligns Heim’s dimensional theory with contemporary scientific and philosophical thought. Critically analyzing Heim’s multidimensional theory presents a unique opportunity to explore the multilayered fabric of reality, encompassing the micro to macrocosmic scales. This paper examines how Heim’s dimensions can be integrated with modern insights into spacetime's nature, energy dynamics, and consciousness phenomena.

In reinterpreting Heim’s theory against modern scientific and philosophical discourse backdrop, this paper synthesizes Heim’s dimensional framework with existing energy, reality, and consciousness paradigms. This integrative approach enriches our understanding of Heim’s contributions and advances the dialogue between his multidimensional theory and current research in quantum physics, energy and consciousness studies.
Macro Psychology
Authors: Gamper Johan
Published: February 2024

This is a conceptual attempt to integrate the major current psychotherapeutic methods via the introduction of _Macro Psychology. _The idea is fully philosophical, and the aim is to spur debate. Clinically, we land in the following picture: Scenarios with a maltreated dog, its owner, and a therapist. _Conditioning_: The therapist takes the dog to a safe environment. _Behavioral _therapy: The therapist instructs the owner to take regular long walks with the dog, to feed it regularly, to let it have access to fresh water, and to stop hitting it. _Cognitive behavioral therapy_: The therapist instructs the owner to take regular long walks with the dog, to feed it regularly, to let it have access to fresh water, and to stop hitting it. The therapist also tells the owner why. _Psychodynamically oriented therapy_: The therapist tries to help the owner to reconnect to repressed parts that care for the dog.
EXPECTING THE SAME RESULTS FROM DISSIMILAR LEGAL TEXTS: AN ASSESSMENT OF ASSOCIATION AGREEMENTS OF TÜRKİYE AND GREECE
Authors: EREN T. Mesut
Published: February 2024

In this article, the Association Agreements of Greece, which signed the first association agreement with the European Economic Community (EEC), and then Türkiye, which signed a similar agreement, were compared. It has been argued for a long time that the Athens and Ankara Agreements concluded by the EEC at that time were alike agreements, and that the Ankara Agreement was even “inspired” by the Athens Agreement. This article tries to reveal that although the aims and purposes of these Agreements are similar, they diverge considerably when examined closely both in spirit and wording. It is understood that the protection shown and the political support given to Greece played an important role in the major difference in their functioning and speed. The argument of the article is that the Athens Agreement was prepared from the very beginning by the EEC to bring Greece to full membership as quickly as possible. Indeed, thanks to this agreement, Greece entered the customs union with the EEC in 1968 and became a full member of the Union in 1981. The Ankara Agreement with Türkiye, on the other hand, appears to be a derivative agreement very close to the Athens Agreement at first glance, but it is an agreement with different important clauses and a “deliberately” weakened regulative power. As a result, the Ankara Agreement, which is still in force and forms the legal basis of the relations of Türkiye with the EU, neither at the time it was signed nor today has the proper content to carry Türkiye into full membership. It is not meaningful in this context to expect equal results from legal texts that differ in this way. This paper attempts to prove this assertion.
Влияние смесей ПАВ на устойчивость эмульсий
Authors: Глухарева Н. , Казбаева А. , Адильбекова А. , Ертаева А.
Published: February 2024

В работе изучено эмульгирующее действие индивидуальных поверхностно-активных веществ (ПАВ) додецилсульфата натрия и Неонола АФ 9-6 и их смесей.Изучены изотермы поверхностного натяжения растворов индивидуальных ПАВ. Устойчивость эмульсий оценивали по времени расслоения фаз. Установлено, что растворыиндивидуальных ПАВ не способствуют образованию устойчивых эмульсий. Показано,что смеси анионного ПАВ NaDDS с более гидрофобным неионным ПАВ Неонолом АФ9-6 более эффективны при получении эмульсии в системе вода – гексан, показано их синергетическое действие для стабилизации эмульсий. Найдено, что при стабилизациисмесями ПАВ додецилсульфата натрия и Неонола АФ 9-6 образуются эмульсии прямоготипа. Тип образовавшейся эмульсии определяли с помощью лабораторного оптическогомикроскопа после добавления водо- и маслорастворимых красителей – метилоранжа иСудана IV. Выявлено, что наиболее эффективной является смесь Неонола АФ 9-6 с додецилсульфатом натрия, взятых в соотношении 3:1 (масс.) при соотношении жидкихфаз 1:1. При суммарной концентрации смеси ПАВ в водной фазе 0,04% и объемном соотношении вода–гексан 1:3 удалось получить высококонцентрированную устойчивуюпрямую эмульсию.
Функционал топтары арақатынасы, заряд белгісімен ерекшеленуші полиэлектролиттердің сазды гидродисперсия тұрақтылығына әсері
Authors: Асанов А. , Мамешова С.
Published: February 2024

Сазды гидродисперсия тұрақтылығының полиэлектролит макромолекуласы тізбегінің бойында орналасқан функционалды буындардың арақатынасымен заряд белгісінің әсерінде өзгеруі зерттелді.Өткізілген тәжірибе нәтижелері макромолекула құрамындағы буындардыңфункционал топтарының мольдік арақатынасына, ионданушы қабілетіне, зарядбелгісіне қарап полиэлектролит үлгілерінің меншікті тұтқырлығы мен электрөткізгіштігінің сандық мәндерінің өсуімен бірқатарда флокуляциялаушы мөлшеріменфлокуляциялаушы тиімділігінің ерекшеленетіндігі анықталды.Полиэлектролит макромолекуласы тізбегі бойындағы орналасқан буындарқұрамындағы ионданушы функционал топтарының тығыздығы көбеюімен жәнедисперс фазаның теріс зарядты майда бөлшектерімен әрекеттесіп байланыс түзуге ыңғайлы орналасқан белсенді бір аттас оң зарядты функционалды топтардантүзілгенде, флокуляциялаушы қабілеті күшеюімен, флокуляциялаушы тиімділіктің артуынан сазды гидродисперсияның мөлдірлену дәрежесі өсіп дисперс фазалардың ажырап шығу үдерісі жеделдейді.Сонымен бірқатарда полиэлектролит макромолекуласы тізбегінің бойындаорналасқан ионданушы функционал топтардың заряд белгісі әр аттас болғандакерісінше, флокуляциялаушы қасиетінің әлсіреуі салдарынан флокуляциялаушымөлшер көбейетіндіктен бірдей дәрежелі мөлдірленуге, тұнба көлеміне, фильтрлену жылдамдығына қажетті оңтайлы концентрацияның артатындығы айқындалды.
KazEOSat -1 отандық спутник түсірілімдерінің фотограмметриялық өңдеу кезеңдері
Authors: Бақтыбеков Қ. , Кабжанова Г. , Айымбетов А. , Кабдулова Г. , Кеженева А.
Published: February 2024

Жерді қашықтықтан зондтау деректерін пайдаланатын салалардың саныжыл сайын артып келеді. Жердегі бақылау әдістеріне қарағанда, Жерді қашықтықтанзондтау деректерін пайдалану бірқатар артықшылықтарға ие. Фотограмметрия, Жердіқашықтықтан зондтаудың бір бағыты бола тұра, Жерді қашықтықтан зондтау деректерін дұрыс интерпретациялау және талдауда маңызды мағынаға ие. Аталған мақалада көрсетілген жұмыс, Қазақстан Республикасы Цифрлық даму, инновациялар және аэроғарыш өнеркәсібі министрлігінің Аэроғарыш комитетінің, ғарыш қызметі саласындағықолданбалы ғылыми зерттеулерді бағдарламалық-мақсатты қаржыландыруы бойынша,No BR 0533648 ғылыми-техникалық бағдарламасын іске асыру шеңберінде жүзеге асырылды. Мақалада отандық KazEOSat - 1 ғарыш аппараттарының түсірілімдерін қолданаотырып, фотограмметриялық өңдеу өнімдерін құрудың негізгі кезеңдері – жер бедерініңцифрлық моделі, ортотрансформациялау және мозаика қарастырылған. Әртүрлі уақытта алынған түсірілімдерден жер бедерінің цифрлық моделін құрастыру мүмкіндігі тексерілді. Жер бедері – негізгі топырақ түзуші факторлардың бірі болғандықтан, туындывегетациялық индекстердің мәндері мен құрастырылған жер бедерінің цифрлы моделіненалынған жер бедерінің биіктік мәндері секілді айнымалы шамалар арасындағы кемімелдік талдау жүргізілді. Талдау қорытындысы топырақты талдау көздерінің бірі ретінде ажыратымдылығы жоғары кескіндерден салынған жер бедерінің цифрлы моделініңтиімділігін және қажеттілігін көрсетті.
Орталық Қазақстандағы жер асты және беткей сулардың экологиялық жағдайын бағалау
Authors: Шамшеденова С. , Бейсенова Р.
Published: February 2024

Мақалада антропогендік факторлардың әсерінен өзен суларының химиялыққұрамының өзгеруі анықталды. Су айдындарының антропогендік ластануы және Қарағанды облысының өзендерінің су сапасының нашарлауы жер үсті суларын жинауменжәне ластанған ағынды сулардың жер үсті суларына ағуымен байланысты екендігі көрсетілген. Су ресурстарын ластаушы көздерінің әсерін ескере отырып, өзен бассейндеріүшін облыстың өзендерінің сапасын бағалау қарастырылған. Қарағанды облысының«Қазгидромет» филиалы өзен суларының марганецпен ластануы туралы экологтарға хабарлаған. Атап айтқанда, жер үсті суларының нашарлауы Нұра, Соқыр, Шерубай-Нұра,Каракеңгір өзендерінде байқалды. Бұдан басқа, Қазгидромет станцияларында жиналғандеректер талданды. Су объектілерінде марганецтің тұрақты екені және облыстыңбасқа да су объектілерінде бар екені анықталды. Мысалы, Көкпекті өзені бойында өнеркәсіптік кәсіпорындар жоқ болғанымен, Көкпекті өзенінде марганецтің шекті концентрациядан асып кеткені анықталды. Гидробиологиялық зерттеулер бойынша жалпымикроағзалардың санын анықтау үшін Киевка ауылынан төрт жерден су үлгісі алынды.Олар ауылдың батыс жағындағы тас жолдың бас көшесінің құдығынан, «Алтын дән»балабақшасының ауыз суынан, жалпы орта білім беру мектебінің ауыз суынан жәнемектеп скважинасынан алынған.
Обзор электролитов на основе ортониобата лантана. Структура и протонная проводимость
Authors: Алтынбекова Д.Т. , Масалимова Б.К. , Беспалко Ю.Н. , Садыков В.А.
Published: February 2024

В данной работе проведен обзор важнейших научных трудов, посвященных исследованиям материалов, обладающих высокой протонной проводимостью и представляющих интерес в качестве альтернативных материалов для использования в промышленности.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of Y0,5Ca0,5Cr0,5Mn0,5O3 compounds
Authors: Mataev M.M. , Patrin G.S. , Seitbekova K.Zh. , Tursinova Zh.I.
Published: February 2024

In this work,a solid solution of chromite-manganite of the composition Y0,5Ca0,5Cr0,5Mn0,5O3 was synthesized using the sol-gel method. Based on the results of experimental studies of the magnetostatic properties of the polycrystalline system Y0,5Ca0,5Cr0,5Mn0,5O3. It is found that the predominant is the intracrystalline ferromagnetic interaction, while the intercrystalline interaction is antiferromagnetic in nature.In the field of 2000 Oe and 5000 Oe at a temperature of 5 K, the magnetic moment is not even positive. These dependencies were obtained after the sample was in a large negative field. This initial moment is approximately equal to the residual moment on the hysteresis loop for a temperature of 5 K. When the external field is increased gradually, for example, in increments of 250 Oe, this moment increases to 1.2 emu/g at 2000 Oe. Based on the results of magnetostatic measurements, it was found that hysteresis loops of magnetization are observed at low temperatures.