bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-of-a-kind production (OKP) planning and control: a comprehensive review and future research directions
Authors: Sordan Juliano Endrigo , Oprime Pedro Carlos , Pimenta Márcio Lopes , Chiabert Paolo , Lombardi Franco , Hilletofth Per
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to identify some specificities of production planning and control (PPC) activities in the one-of-a-kind-production (OKP) process through an extensive literature review. Relevant aspects related to systems and PPC activities in the context of OKP environment are discussed, and six opportunities for future research are highlighted.

Design/methodology/approach

The following research is based on a review of 53 articles published in peer-reviewed journals over the past three decades. After an initial descriptive analysis based on bibliometric indicators, a cluster analysis of 15 most cited articles was carried out using multivariate data analysis techniques and in-depth analysis.

Findings

The results reveal some specificities inherent to the clusters featured in the research, including aspects of planning, control and systems for OKP process. This cluster addresses information regarding next-generation manufacturing systems, scheduling and design science, computer simulation and project approach. On the other hand, the authors point out six topics for future research regarding contemporary issues associated with PPC in the context of OKP.

Originality/value

This paper fills an important gap regarding OKP production planning and control practices. The results provide a theoretical overview of different PPC practices suitable for the OKP environment. Furthermore, it can provide insights for scientific developments in order to manage the complexity inherent in the OKP process.
The role of lean in healthcare during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Leite Higor
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare operations has raised questions about the applicability and capacity of the lean approach to respond to critical events. Thus, with a dearth of studies addressing this issue, this study aims to understand the role of lean in healthcare operations under the disruptive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on a case study carried out in an emergency department in Brazil during the COVID-19 outbreak, the author presents results from semi-structured interviews and document analysis.

Findings

The results show three prominent themes that respond to this study's purpose: lean applicability during the pandemic, lean challenges during the pandemic and the pandemic impact on the lean processes. Furthermore, the study underscores that lean is not the panacea to operational problems caused by the pandemic in healthcare organisations, but it eases the impact on their operations. Finally, this study contributes to the discipline of operations management and highlights the need to rethink lean applications during disruptive events, focusing on flexibility, adaptability and patients' needs.

Research limitations/implications

The literature addressing the pandemic impact on healthcare operations is still new and emerging; therefore, it is possible that some of the studies that are under review and could contribute to this study were not considered.

Practical implications

The study provides a better understanding of the lessons learned from the real-world experiences gained during the pandemic, helping managers to make informed decisions when developing contingency plans to improve healthcare readiness and responsiveness under crisis conditions (e.g. untenable demand and constrained capacity).

Originality/value

Given the contemporary nature of this pandemic, only few emerging studies addressing the impact of the pandemic on lean healthcare operations are available and scholars are calling for more empirical studies. Furthermore, there is an increasing criticism and scepticism about the applicability of lean in healthcare during a pandemic. Thus, this research both provides original contributions by responding to scholars' calls for novel research in this area and further contributes towards filling the void in the literature.
Empathetic creativity for frontline employees in the age of service robots: conceptualization and scale development
Authors: Do Khoa The , Gip Huy , Guchait Priyanko , Wang Chen-Ya , Baaklini Eliane Sam
Published: April 2022

Purpose

While robots have increasingly threatened frontline employees’ (FLEs) future employment by taking over more mechanical and analytical intelligence tasks, they are still unable to “experience” and “feel” to occupy empathetic intelligence tasks that can be handled better by FLEs. This study, therefore, aims to empirically develop and validate a scale measuring the new so-called empathetic creativity as being creative in practicing and performing empathetically intelligent skills during service encounters.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a multistage design to develop the scale. Phase 1 combines a literature review with text mining from 3,737 service robots-related YouTube comments to generate 16 items capturing this new construct. Phase 2 assesses both face and content validity of those items, while Phase 3 recruits Prolific FLEs sample to evaluate construct validity. Phase 4 checks this construct’s nomological validity using PLS-SEM and Phase 5 experiments dedicated effort (vs natural talent) as an effective approach to foster FLEs’ perceived empathetic creativity.

Findings

The final scale is comprised of 13 refined items that capture three dimensions (social, interactive and emotional) of empathetic creativity. This research provides timely implications to help FLEs in high-contact services stay competitive.

Originality/value

This study introduces the new construct of empathetic creativity, which goes beyond the traditional definition of creativity in services and highlights the importance of empathetic intelligence for FLEs in future employment. This study also develops a multi-item scale to measure this construct, which can be applied to future service management research.
The mediating effect of operational capabilities on operational performance
Authors: Domenek Antonio Carlos , Moori Roberto Giro , Vitorino Filho Valdir Antonio
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Collaboration and operational capabilities are two strengths for managing supply chains to achieve operational performance. In this context, this study aims to analyze the mediating effect of operational capabilities on the relationship between collaborative supply chain management and operational performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The study design consisted of a theoretical framework to estimate the mediation paths by latent variable structural modeling methods. A survey of 138 respondents from Brazilian capital goods companies was conducted.

Findings

The study revealed that operational capabilities partially mediate the relationship between collaborative supply chain management and operational performance. The findings provide important guidance for managers to strengthen the relationship with suppliers to continuously improve operational capability.

Research limitations/implications

As the sample size was made up of 138 respondents, it was impossible to revalidate the theoretical–empirical model. New data need to be collected to re-evaluate the structural model and expand them to other economic segments.

Practical implications

By examining the theoretical insights and empirical findings, the study expanded knowledge about collaborative management and the understanding of the importance of operational capabilities in the relationship between collaborative management and operational performance for management practices.

Originality/value

The study developed a theoretical–empirical measurement model, reliable and statistically validated, to test the mediating effect of operational capabilities in the relationship between collaborative management and operational performance.
Simulating the spread and establishment of alien species along aquatic and terrestrial transport networks: A multi‐pathway and high‐resolution approach
Authors: Bagnara Maurizio , Nowak Larissa , Boehmer Hans Juergen , Schöll Franz , Schurr Frank M. , Seebens Hanno
Published: April 2022

The introduction and further spread of many alien species have been a result of trade and transport. Consequently, alien species are often found close to traffic infrastructure and urban areas. To contain and manage the spread of alien species, it is essential to identify and predict major routes of spread, which cannot be obtained by applying common modelling approaches such as species distribution models.

Here, we present a new model called CASPIAN to simulate the dispersal of alien species along traffic infrastructure and the establishment of populations along these routes. The model simulates simultaneous spread of species of up to eight different modes of transport along roads, railways and waterways. We calibrated and validated the model using two species that spread within Germany as case studies: the terrestrial plant Senecio inaequidens and the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea, and performed a shortest path analysis to quantify the relative importance of individual routes for spread.

The application of the model yielded detailed predictions of dispersal and establishment for >600,000 segments of the traffic network throughout Germany. Once calibrated, the model captured the general spread dynamics of the two species with higher accuracy for the freshwater environment due to the higher quality of data available for the aquatic species.

The quantification of spread routes using the shortest path analysis revealed a clear backbone of major routes of spread, which varied depending on the type of traffic network and the starting points considered. Major routes of spread aligned with high traffic intensities, but high traffic per se did not necessarily result in high spread intensities.

Synthesis and application. By simulating the spreading dynamics of alien species along transport networks across multiple pathways, CASPIAN enables the identification of major spread routes along different dispersal pathways and quantification of their relative importance, which helps prioritising pathways of introduction as required by international biodiversity goals such as the CBD Aichi targets.
Biotic resistance in a stochastic world: Do rodents act as a filter to alien tree invasion in pampean old fields?
Authors: Muschetto Emiliano , Chaneton Enrique J. , Mazía Noemí , Tripodi Mariel A. , Busch María
Published: April 2022

Biotic resistance from post‐dispersal seed predators has been shown to influence invasion and spread of woody plants in grasslands and savannas. Yet, the role of rodent granivores as a barrier to woody plant invasion remains poorly studied. We examined the impact of rodent exclusion and canopy disturbance on two exotic tree seedling establishment (Gleditsia triacanthos and Robinia pseudoacacia) in an old‐field grassland of the Inland Pampa, Argentina. The experiment was conducted over 4 years with substantial climatic variation, which affected both rodent abundance and seedling performance. Our results showed that, for both tree species, rainfall was the main factor affecting both seedling emergence and survival, while the effect of rodent seed predation and disturbance depended on variability in natural rodent density. The response of G. triacanthos seedling emergence after the onset of favorable water conditions was more rapid than the recovery of rodent populations. This delay provided an opportunity to escape from potential seed predation, reducing its importance as a biotic filter to woody invasion. Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings emerged during the first growing period and died because of hydric stress, while remnant seeds did not remain viable in the seed bank after 2 years of sowing. From our results, we suggest that the dynamic of tree invasion depends highly on climatic variability, which has direct effects on seed germination and survival, as well as effects mediated by rodent abundance and herbaceous competition.
The morphosyntax and semantics of cardinal numerals in classical sanskrit
Authors: Petrocchi Alessandra
Published: April 2022

A complete study of numeral syntax in Classical Sanskrit has yet to be written. Grammars provide concise, decontextualised surveys which mainly focus on the morphology of cardinal numerals. Given their textual genre, reference grammars can neither devote much space to this very topic nor give exhaustive data; very little is said about Sanskrit numeral constructions outside of this kind of resources. By combining modern linguistic frameworks and philological analysis, the following investigation is offered as a first step toward addressing this desideratum. The present analysis provides a novel approach to understand the semantics of numerals and shed some light on Sanskrit numeral syntax and the morphosyntactic properties of cardinal numerals. This research is organised as follows: I first provide a brief overview of some key features of Sanskrit numeral series and then propose a theoretical framework to conceptualise the main components of numeral systems; section 3 explores the lexicon‐prosody interface and is followed by an analysis of Sanskrit numeral constructions. Textual evidence of cardinal numerals from medieval Sanskrit mathematical works is investigated in detail. The linguistic framework employed by von Mengden (2010) to examine cardinal numerals in Old English has been particularly fruitful in the present study. I demonstrate that, unlike most other languages, Sanskrit makes extensive use of non‐systemic expressions of cardinality and that authors employ and combine a great variety of numeral constructions.
Evaluating misoprostol and mechanical methods for induction of labour
Authors: Weeks Andrew D. , Lightly Kate , Mol Ben W. , Frohlich Julie , Pontefract Sarah , Williams Myfanwy J. ,   the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Published: April 2022

Plain language summary

Increasingly, births around the world are started artificially using medications or other methods. This process is known as induction of labour. As it becomes more common, methods are needed to meet the different clinical needs and birth preferences of women.

Induction of labour typically includes a combination of the medication dinoprostone inserted into the vagina, artificial rupture of membranes (‘releasing the waters’), and synthetic oxytocin (hormone given via a drip). This paper reviews some of the methods less commonly used for induction in the UK, namely a drug called misoprostol, which can be given orally or vaginally, and ‘mechanical’ methods, where labour is started by stretching the cervix (neck of the womb), most commonly with a soft silicone tube with a balloon near the tip, filled with water. Low‐dose oral misoprostol tablets are now commercially available in the UK. Other methods for labour induction are not reviewed in detail in this paper.

The evidence suggests mechanical induction of labour (using a balloon catheter) and misoprostol are both at least as safe and effective as using the standard drug, dinoprostone. There is evidence to suggest a balloon catheter may reduce the chance of serious negative outcomes for babies when compared with dinoprostone, and that giving low‐dose oral misoprostol results in fewer caesarean births.

Where possible and after informed consent, the method of induction of labour should be personalised to suit the individual woman, her clinical condition, and the setting in which she is giving birth. Local contexts and resources also need to be taken into account. To date, research into women's perspectives and experiences of induction of labour have been significantly lacking.
A comprehensive review of spermidine: Safety, health effects, absorption and metabolism, food materials evaluation, physical and chemical processing, and bioprocessing
Authors: Zou Dian , Zhao Ziyue , Li Lu , Min Yu , Zhang Daiyuan , Ji Anying , Jiang Cong , Wei Xuetuan , Wu Xian
Published: April 2022

Spermidine, a natural autophagy inducer, has a variety of health effects, such as antitumor, antiaging, anti‐inflammation, cardiovascular protection, and neuromodulation. It has been a hot topic in the field of food processing, and current research findings suggest that spermidine‐rich foods may be used in intervention and prevention of age‐related diseases. In this article, recent findings on the safety, health effects, absorption and metabolism of spermidine were reviewed, and advances in food processing, including the raw materials evaluation, physical and chemical processing, and biological processing of spermidine, were highlighted. In particular, the core metabolic pathways, key gene targets, and efficient metabolic engineering strategies involved in the biosynthesis of spermidine and its precursors were discussed. Moreover, limitations and future perspectives of spermidine research were proposed. The purpose of this review is to provide new insights on spermidine from its safety to its food processing, which will advance the commercial production and applications of spermidine‐rich foods and nutraceuticals.
Detection of physical descaling damage in carp based on hyperspectral images and dimension reduction of principal component analysis combined with pixel values
Authors: Wang Huihui , Qiu Xinjing , Zeng Fanyi , Shao Weidong , Ma Qinyi , Li Mingying
Published: April 2022

The surface of carp is easily damaged during the descaling process, which jeopardizes the quality and safety of carp products. Damage recognition realized by manual detection is an important factor restricting the automation in the pretreatment. For the commonly used methods of mechanical and water‐jet descaling, damage area recognition according to the hyperspectral data was proposed. Two discrimination models, including decision tree (DT) and self‐organizing feature mapping (SOM), were established to recognize the damaged and normal descaling area with the average spectral value. The damage‐discrimination model based on DT was determined to be the optimal one, which possessed the best model performance (accuracy = 96.7%, sensitivity = 96.7%, specificity = 96.7%, F1‐score = 96.7%). Considering the efficiency and precision of damage‐area recognition and visualization, the principal component analysis (PCA) combined with pixel values statistical analysis was used to reduce the dimension of hyperspectral images at the image level. Through statistical analysis, the value 0 was used as the threshold to distinguish the normal area and the damaged area in the PC image to achieve preliminary segmentation. Then, the spectral values of the initially discriminated damage area were input into the DT discrimination model to realize the final discriminant of damaged area. On this basis, the position information of the damaged area could be used to realize the visualization. The final visualization maps for mechanical and water‐jet descaling damage were obtained by image morphology processing. The average recognition accuracy can reach 94.9% and 90.3%, respectively. The results revealed that the hyperspectral imaging technique has great potential to recognize the carp damage area nondestructively and accurately under descaling processing.

Practical Application

This study demonstrated that hyperspectral imaging technique can realize the carp damage area detection nondestructively and accurately under descaling processing. With the advantages of nondestructive and rapid, hyperspectral imaging system and the method can be widely expanded and applied to the quality detection of other freshwater fish pretreatment.
Improving the poor texture and technological properties of chicken wooden breast by enzymatic hydrolysis and low‐frequency ultrasound
Authors: Lima Juliana L. , Bezerra Taliana K. A. , Carvalho Leila M. , Galvão Mércia S. , Lucena Lorena , Rocha Thayse C. , Estevez Mario , Madruga Marta S.
Published: April 2022

Wooden breast (WB) is a recurrent myopathy in fast‐growing birds, which alters the appearance, functionality, and the texture of the breast muscle. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the effect of a combined use of papain enzyme and ultrasound on the texture of WB chicken using response surface methodology and (ii) to assess the effect of marinating on the quality of WB chicken meat. Full factorial experimental design method was used to obtain the ideal conditions to soften the WB meat. The independent variables were the concentration of papain (0.1%–0.3%) and the time in ultrasonic bath (10–30 min); shear force (SF) was the dependent variable. The optimum results were obtained at a concentration of 0.2% papain and 20 min on ultrasound. Papain enzyme had a great influence on the texture of WB meat, reducing its hardness. However, the effect of the ultrasound time on the SF response was not observed. The marinated WB meat showed similar SF values and texture profile than those from normal (N) meat, with reduction in the parameters of protein and lipid oxidation. The use of papain without ultrasound bath proved to be an efficient means for improving the tenderness of WB breasts.

Practical Application

This study shows the efficiency of the application of two technological procedures (enzymatic treatment and ultrasound) to improve the texture profile and technological properties of chicken breasts affected by the wooden breast myopathy. The economic loss caused by the world‐wide occurrence of wooden breast is enormous, and the application of papain has been found to counteract the impaired properties of this abnormal chicken breasts. Since papain is already widely used in the food industry to tenderize meat, its application in improving the quality of WB meat is straightforward.
Plant defences for enhanced integrated pest management in tomato
Authors: Tortorici Simona , Biondi Antonio , Pérez‐Hedo Meritxell , Larbat Romain , Zappalà Lucia
Published: April 2022

Plants developed a series of defence mechanisms to counteract the attack of herbivores. These can impact on food‐webs at various trophic levels, in both natural and managed ecosystems, such as crops. The biochemical and ecological bases behind these processes are reviewed here by highlighting the differences in direct and indirect, constitutive and induced defences. In integrated pest management (IPM), several pest control tools are applied in an economically sound way in order to increase the crop resilience and reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides. Plant resistance is thus a crucial aspect of preventive pest control strategies in several agroecosystems, including tomato. In this context, we review the current literature dealing with the physiology and biochemistry of tomato plants in terms of metabolite pathways and multitrophic interactions. We also describe recent advances in plant defence‐based control tools obtained by studying the multitrophic interactions between pests and plants in the tomato system.
Modulation of interleukin‐36 based inflammatory feedback loop through the hepatocyte‐derived IL‐36R‐P2X7R axis improves steatosis in alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Shang Yue , Yang Hong‐Xu , Li Xia , Zhang Yu , Chen Nan , Jiang Xue‐Li , Zhang Zhi‐Hong , Zuo Rong‐Mei , Wang Hui , Lan Xiao‐Qi , Ren Jie , Wu Yan‐Ling , Cui Zhen‐Yu , Nan Ji‐Xing , Lian Li‐Hua
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose

Interleukin‐36 is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and promotes inflammatory responses, creating an IL‐36‐based inflammation loop. Although hepatocytes, produce IL‐36 responses to drug‐induced liver injury, little is known about the mechanistic role of IL‐36 signalling during the progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH). Regarding IL‐36/IL‐36R and P2X7R coregulating the inflammatory response, we elucidated that modulation of IL‐36R‐P2X7R‐TLR axis affected hepatocyte steatosis as well as the IL‐36‐based inflammatory feedback loop that accompanies the onset of ASH.

Experimental Approach

C57BL/6J mice were subjected to either chronic‐plus‐binge ethanol feeding or acute gavage with multiple doses of ethanol to establish ASH, followed by pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing of IL‐36R and P2X7R. AML12 cells or mouse primary hepatocytes were stimulated with alcohol, LPS plus ATP or Poly(I:C) plus ATP, followed by silencing of IL‐36γ, IL‐36R or P2X7R.

Key Results

P2X7R and IL‐36R deficiency blocked the inflammatory loop, specifically initiated by IL‐36 cytokines, in hepatocytes of mice suffering from ASH. Pharmacological inhibition to P2X7R or IL‐36R alleviated lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in ASH. IL‐36R was indispensable for P2X7R modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ASH, and IL‐36 led to a vicious cycle of P2X7R‐driven inflammation in alcohol‐treated hepatocytes. TLR ligands promoted IL‐36γ production in hepatocytes, based on synergism with P2X7R.

Conclusions and Implications

Blockade of IL‐36 based inflammatory feedback loop, via IL‐36R‐P2X7R‐TLRs‐modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, circumvented steatosis and inflammation that accompanies the onset of ASH, suggesting that targeting IL‐36 can serve as a novel therapeutic approach to combat ASH.
Caregiver or care receiver: Adolescents' experience of caregiving to a parent with severe mental illness: A qualitative study
Authors: Rahmani Farnaz , Roshanghar Fariborz , Gholizadeh Leila , Dickens Geoffrey L.
Published: April 2022

Exploring the experiences of adolescent caregivers of mentally ill parents is essential to understand their challenges and identify their care needs. Using a qualitative research design, 18 caregiving adolescents shared their experiences of living with and providing care to a parent with a severe mental illness. The analysis of the interviews resulted in the emergence of three main categories: (1) emotional exhaustion with associated subthemes of ‘ongoing worries’, ‘fear of loneliness’, ‘feeling of shame and guilt’ and ‘fear of discrimination and stigma’; (2) being trapped in a difficult situation with subthemes of ‘living a compromised life’, ‘alienating from peers’ and ‘caregiver rather than care receiver; and (3) adapting to the situation with subthemes of developing new skills and growing accountability. The study findings suggest that adolescent caregivers of parents with severe mental illness experience significant challenges and psychological distress associated with their caregiving role. They need to be supported by health care providers to develop strategies to adjust to their situation and maintain health and well‐being.
Scaling up qualitative research to harness the capacity of lay people in invasive plant management
Authors: Gill Nicholas , Chisholm Laurie , Atchison Jennifer , Graham Sonia , Hawkes Gina , Head Lesley , McKiernan Shaun
Published: April 2022

Successful management of invasive plants (IPs) requires the active participation of diverse communities across land tenures. This can be challenging because communities do not always share the views of scientists and managers. They may directly disagree, have alternative views, or be unwilling to manage IPs. Reviews of IP social science identify opportunities to better understand the role of cultural processes and everyday practices to address these challenges. To scale up and leverage the insights of existing qualitative social science IP research, we used meta‐ethnography to unlock accounts and interpretations of lay perspectives. Meta‐ethnography is a form of qualitative research synthesis increasingly used beyond its origins in health and education to produce interpretive syntheses of an area of research. In the 7 phases of meta‐ethnography, we systematically identified and synthesized 19 qualitative articles pertinent to lay experience and knowledge of IPs in diverse settings. Action and meaning regarding IPs were influenced by 6 meta‐themes in personal and social life: dissonance, priorities, difference, agency, responsibility, and future orientations. Through descriptions and examples of each meta‐theme, we demonstrated how the meta‐themes are higher level structuring concepts across the qualitative research that we analyzed and we retained grounding in the in‐depth qualitative research. We characterized the meta‐themes as leverage points and tensions by which we reframed lay people in terms of capacity for reflective IP management rather than as obstacles. The meta‐ethnography synthesis shows how leverage points and tensions emerge from everyday life and can frame alternative and meaningful starting points for both research and public engagement and deliberation regarding IP management. These insights are not a panacea, but open up new space for reflective and mutual consideration of how to effectively navigate often complex IP problems and address conservation and social and livelihood issues in dynamic social and physical environments.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided drainage of a mediastinal abscess related to endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration
Authors: Ikeda Yuki , Ono Michihiro , Maeda Masahiro
Published: April 2022

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Anatomical distribution of mandibular fractures from severe bicycling accidents: A 12‐year experience from a Norwegian level 1 trauma center
Authors: Døving Mats , Næss Ingar , Galteland Pål , Ramm‐Pettersen Jon , Dalby Marius , Utheim Tor Paaske , Skaga Nils Oddvar , Helseth Eirik , Sehic Amer
Published: April 2022

Background/Aim

The mandible makes up a substantial part of the lower face, and is susceptible to injury. Even in helmeted cyclists, accidents may lead to fractures of the mandible because conventional helmets provide little protection to the lower part of the face. In addition, some studies indicate that helmets may lead to an increased risk of mandibular fractures. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the anatomic distribution of mandibular fractures in injured cyclists and to assess if helmet use influenced the fracture locations.

Material and Methods

Data from a Norwegian Level 1 trauma center were collected in the Oslo University Hospital Trauma Registry over a 12‐year period. Of 1543 injured cyclists, the electronic patient charts of 62 cyclists with fractures of the mandible were retrospectively evaluated in detail. Demographic data, helmet use, and fracture type were assessed.

Results

Sixty‐two patients (4%) had fractures of the mandible, and women had an increased risk (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.49–4.16, p < .001). The most common fracture site was the mandibular body, followed by the condyle. Isolated mandibular fractures occurred in 45% of the patients and 55% had other concomitant facial fractures. There were 42% of the patients with fractures in multiple sites of the mandible, and 42% had a concomitant dentoalveolar injury. Half of the cyclists were wearing a helmet at the time of the accident and 39% were not. There was no significant difference in fracture distribution between the helmeted and non‐helmeted groups.

Conclusions

Fracture of the mandibular body was the most prevalent mandibular fracture type following bicycle accidents. Women had an increased risk of mandibular fractures compared with men, whereas helmet wearing did not affect the anatomical fracture site.
Tau and neurofilament light‐chain as fluid biomarkers in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Garcia‐Moreno Hector , Prudencio Mercedes , Thomas‐Black Gilbert , Solanky Nita , Jansen‐West Karen R. , Hanna AL‐Shaikh Rana , Heslegrave Amanda , Zetterberg Henrik , Santana Magda M. , Pereira de Almeida Luis , Vasconcelos‐Ferreira Ana , Januário Cristina , Infante Jon , Faber Jennifer , Klockgether Thomas , Reetz Kathrin , Raposo Mafalda , Ferreira Ana F. , Lima Manuela , Schöls Ludger , Synofzik Matthis , Hübener‐Schmid Jeannette , Puschmann Andreas , Gorcenco Sorina , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Petrucelli Leonard , Giunti Paola
Published: April 2022

Background and purpose

Clinical trials in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) will require biomarkers for use as outcome measures.

Methods

To evaluate total tau (t‐tau), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) and neurofilament light‐chain (NfL) as fluid biomarkers in SCA3, ATXN3 mutation carriers (n = 143) and controls (n = 172) were clinically assessed, and the plasma concentrations of the four proteins were analysed on the Simoa HD‐1 platform. Eleven ATXN3 mutation carrier cerebrospinal fluid samples were analysed for t‐tau and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau181). A transgenic SCA3 mouse model (MJDTg) was used to measure cerebellar t‐tau levels.

Results

Plasma t‐tau levels were higher in mutation carriers below the age of 50 compared to controls, and the Inventory of Non‐Ataxia Signs was associated with t‐tau in ataxic patients (p = 0.004). Pre‐ataxic carriers showed higher cerebrospinal fluid t‐tau and p‐tau181 concentrations compared to ataxic patients (p = 0.025 and p = 0.014, respectively). Cerebellar t‐tau was elevated in MJDTg mice compared to wild‐type (p = 0.033) only in the early stages of the disease. GFAP and UCHL1 did not show higher levels in mutation carriers compared to controls. Plasma NfL concentrations were higher in mutation carriers compared to controls, and differences were greater for younger carriers. The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia was the strongest predictor of NfL in ataxic patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that tau might be a marker of early disease stages in SCA3. NfL can discriminate mutation carriers from controls and is associated with different clinical variables. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm their potential role as biomarkers in clinical trials.
Effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on dendritic cell population during oral mucosal repair: An experimental study
Authors: Rosin Flávia Cristina Perillo , Borges Giuliana , Pelissari Cibele , Buck Marina Gabriela Teixeira , dos Santos Anaeliza Figueiredo , Rodrigues Lucimar , Luz João Gualberto C. , Corrêa Luciana
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on dendritic cell repopulation during the repair process of rat oral mucosa and in the rat spleen by analyzing the immunohistochemical expression of dendritic cell markers. Wistar rats ingested 20% ethanol solution for 28 days; a surgical wound was performed on the rat tongue after this period. The repair process and the number of CD1a+, CD11c+, and CD207+ cells in the regions adjacent to the wound were determined at day 1, 3, and 7 following the wound as well as in the rat spleen. The wound‐only group (no ethanol exposure) had complete reepithelization after 7 days, but this did not occur in the ethanol + wound group at this time point. The inflammatory infiltrate was significantly reduced in animals exposed to ethanol, which also showed significantly lower counts of CD1a+, CD11c+, and CD207+ cells than the wound‐only group at all experimental time points. In addition, ethanol exposure also resulted in lower densities of CD11c+ and CD207+ cells in the rat spleen. In conclusion, chronic ethanol intake had a negative impact on dendritic cell numbers, a fact that may contribute to delay in oral mucosa repair.
Changes in Thoroughbred speed and stride characteristics over successive race starts and their association with musculoskeletal injury
Authors: Wong Adelene S. M. , Morrice‐West Ashleigh V. , Whitton R. Chris , Hitchens Peta L.
Published: April 2022

Background

Certain stride characteristics have been shown to affect changes in biomechanical factors that are associated with injuries in human athletes. Determining the relationship between stride characteristics and musculoskeletal injury (MSI) may be key in limiting injury occurrence in the racehorse.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine whether changes in race day speed and stride characteristics over career race starts are associated with an increased risk of MSI in racehorses.

Study design

Case–control study.

Methods

Speed, stride length, and stride frequency data were obtained from the final 200 m sectional of n = 5660 race starts by n = 584 horses (case n = 146, control n = 438). Multivariable joint models, combining longitudinal and survival (time to injury) analysis, were generated. Hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) are presented.

Results

The risk of MSI increased by 1.18 (95% CI 1.09, 1.28; P < 0.001) for each 0.1 m/s decrease in speed and by 1.11 (95% CI 1.02, 1.21; P = 0.01) for each 10 cm decrease in stride length over time (career race starts). A more marked rate of decline in speed and stride length was observed approximately 6 races prior to injury. Risk of MSI was highest early in the horse's racing career.

Main limitations

Only final sectional stride characteristics were assessed in the model. The model did not account for time between race starts.

Conclusions

Decreasing speed and stride length over multiple races is associated with MSI in racehorses. Monitoring stride characteristics over time may be beneficial for the early detection of MSI.
An agent‐based model of police corruption
Authors: Duru Haci , Cochran Joseph
Published: April 2022

Police corruption, especially in the form of bribery, is a severe social problem in many societies. However, neither the extent nor the factors contributing to police bribery are well understood because of data limitation issues. Understandably, it is incredibly challenging to observe and quantify such bribery, as it is usually considered illegal and/or unethical for police to accept and/or ask for bribes. Agent‐based modelling can solve such data limitation issues because it allows for the realistic modelling of hidden behaviours. This study uses an agent‐based modelling technique to investigate a threshold model of police corruption, more specifically, bribery. The authors assume that agents have a threshold regarding bribery, which may be conceptualised as either an honesty threshold or a risk threshold. The threshold value is a dynamic variable randomly assigned to each agent, and each interaction between citizens and officers possesses the potential to change the threshold of each agent.
The stability of dry‐cured ham‐derived peptides and its anti‐inflammatory effect in RAW264.7 macrophage cells
Authors: Xing Lujuan , Fu Lijuan , Toldrá Fidel , Teng Shuang , Yin Yantao , Zhang Wangang
Published: April 2022

Xuanwei ham is a kind of traditional meat product with unique flavour along with abundant of bioactive peptides. This study was to investigate the in vitro stability of bioactive peptide extract from dry‐cured Xuanwei hams and its anti‐inflammatory effect in RAW264.7 cells. Firstly, the Xuanwei ham peptides (XHPs) were extracted and then tested in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced macrophage cell model. Furthermore, the XHPs were exposed to different pretreatments including heating, acid‐base environment and simulated gastrointestinal digestion to evaluate their inflammatory regulation capacity. The heating temperature and pH did not show significant effects on the anti‐inflammatory capacity of XHPs, whereas the secretion of NO and TNF‐α was not suppressed after heating at 100 °C for 60 min. After digestion, the numbers of free amino acids and short peptides were enhanced significantly and the XHPs showed better inhibitory effect on LPS‐induced NO and TNF‐α secretion. Overall, the heating and pH treatment had no significant influence on the stability of XHPs but the anti‐inflammatory effect was enhanced after the simulated gastrointestinal digestion along with the releasing of novel bioactive peptides.
Sun and convective mild air curing impact on Persian shallot quality changes and sprouting during postharvest storage
Authors: Bahadorzade Heyam , Koushesh Saba Mahmoud , Darvishi Hosain
Published: April 2022

Persian shallot is a valuable vegetable because of its nutritional value and medicinal attributes, but it has a short storage life. In the current study, the effects of curing treatments on Persian shallot postharvest decay, sprouting, colour and biochemical changes were evaluated. Treatments included: control, sun curing and convective mild air curing at 40 and 50 °C with 1 m s−1 air velocity. The results showed that samples of sun curing were lost after 1 month of storage. The lowest level of decay was observed in curing at 40 °C, while the highest was in control. The sprouting was first observed in control at 4 months of storage, while no sprouting was observed in curing at 50 °C even after 6 months of storage. The amount of pyruvic acid, total phenol and firmness of tissue were increased during storage in all samples. The colour changes in the curing at 50 °C were more than the other treatments. The energy consumption for convective treatments was obtained as 31.25 and 40.83 MJ kg−1 fresh shallot for 40 and 50 °C respectively. These findings showed that mild air curing has the potential to extend shallot storage life.
Ten easy steps to conducting transparent, reproducible meta‐analyses for infant researchers
Authors: Gasparini Loretta , Tsuji Sho , Bergmann Christina
Published: April 2022

Meta‐analyses provide researchers with an overview of the body of evidence in a topic, with quantified estimates of effect sizes and the role of moderators, and weighting studies according to their precision. We provide a guide for conducting a transparent and reproducible meta‐analysis in the field of developmental psychology within the framework of the MetaLab platform, in 10 steps: (1) Choose a topic for your meta‐analysis, (2) Formulate your research question and specify inclusion criteria, (3) Preregister and document all stages of your meta‐analysis, (4) Conduct the literature search, (5) Collect and screen records, (6) Extract data from eligible studies, (7) Read the data into analysis software and compute effect sizes, (8) Visualize your data, (9) Create meta‐analytic models to assess the strength of the effect and investigate possible moderators, (10) Write up and promote your meta‐analysis. Meta‐analyses can inform future studies, through power calculations, by identifying robust methods and exposing research gaps. By adding a new meta‐analysis to MetaLab, datasets across multiple topics of developmental psychology can be synthesized, and the dataset can be maintained as a living, community‐augmented meta‐analysis to which researchers add new data, allowing for a cumulative approach to evidence synthesis.
Hybrid nesting control strategy for passenger railway with one‐seat‐one‐ticket restriction
Authors: Luo Yongji , Zhang Shoushuai , Yan Haifeng , Xue Feng
Published: April 2022

Nesting control is one of the most prevalent quantity‐based controls for the revenue management problem. A popular nesting control strategy for multi‐resource problem is the virtual nesting control, which sets nested booking limits on each resource. However, this control was originally developed for the airline and cannot be directly used in the passenger railway with one‐seat‐one‐ticket restriction. Therefore, this paper develops a new nesting control that is applicable to the railway. The proposed control can nest the capacity over different fare classes and origin‐destination pairs, which overcomes the shortcomings of existing railway booking‐limit controls. Numerical experiments are conducted in various scenarios to evaluate the performance. The results show that the hybrid nesting control outperforms the others in all situations. In addition, the revenue improvement increases with the randomness of demand and discount percentage.
Sustainability and profitability efficiencies: the moderating role of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Kuo Kuo‐Cheng , Lu Wen‐Min , Ganbaatar Oyunchimeg
Published: April 2022

To develop a better way of assessing the sustainability efficiency (SE) and profitability efficiency (PE) of mining multinational enterprises (MNEs), the two‐stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) network model is proposed. The study shows that slack‐based models (SBM) can strengthen the previous and present measurements of the mining industry. When we assess the SE and PE of 53 mining MNEs from 2016 to 2019, the overall efficiencies of both the sustainability and profitability of mining MNEs are not higher than 70%. Such results are shown to be helpful for suggesting that global mining companies need to improve their efficiencies. This study addresses filling the research gap in the literature review about SE positively and significantly influencing PE with the moderating effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in mining MNEs. The result reveals that higher sustainability yields higher returns to the companies. In other words, MNEs have improved their SE to achieve a higher PE. Furthermore, the value of SE significantly influences PE regardless of whether the moderating effect, CSR, is higher or lower. The results show that a higher governance pillar score (GPS) and social pillar score (SPS) lead them to have greater profitability. However, a higher Environmental Pillar Score (EPS) tends to create a weaker relationship between SE and PE. We addressed a few interpretations of why higher EPS negatively influences profitability. Nevertheless, our study strongly recommends companies to increase their CSR score. Last, this study proves that all hypotheses are supported.
Energetics and structure of the B‐type solid solution in the Nd2O3–Y2O3 system
Authors: Mandia Ramandeep , Navrotsky Alexandra
Published: April 2022

The system Nd2O3–Y2O3 contains solid‐solution phases with several different structures. Single‐phase B‐type (Nd1−xYx)2O3 solid solutions in the range of were formed at 1873 K and retained on cooling to ambient temperature. They showed a linear composition dependence of lattice parameters, enabling extrapolation to x = 0 and 1 for comparison with the structures of the stable endmembers. A positive enthalpy of formation from A‐type Nd2O3 and C‐type Y2O3 determined using oxide melt solution calorimetry indicated entropic stabilization of the B‐type phase. A positive interaction parameter for mixing in the B‐type solid solution, Ω  47.46 ± 4.04 kJ/mol, was obtained by fitting the data using a regular solution model. This value is significantly more positive than that obtained by previous phase diagram analysis using the CalPhaD approach. Exsolution into two B‐type phases is predicted to occur below 1427 K, making it unimportant for the equilibrium phase relations that will be dominated by other structures at low temperature.
A first assessment of the effect of storm climate trends and uncertainties on Dutch levee design
Authors: Groeneweg Jacco , Caires Sofia , van Nieuwkoop Joana , Bottema Marcel
Published: April 2022

For the safety assessment and design of levees in the Netherlands probabilistic tools are used, which account for both statistical and model uncertainties in the determination of hydraulic loads. However, climate change induced uncertainties in extreme wind climate or storminess are not yet accounted for. This paper presents a first assessment of the effect of uncertainties in storminess on Dutch levee design. An expert panel was consulted to define a range of plausible trends and uncertainties in extreme wind climate. Three scenarios were defined with variations of the current wind climate, including changes in wind speed high percentiles and in wind direction. For the defined scenarios probabilistic computations were carried out to determine the effect of the wind statistics variations on the water level, wave loads, and required levee height along the Dutch lakes and coast. In the case of an increase in wind percentiles (mean + 5%, standard deviation 12%), the required levee height increases significantly: up to 1.5–4 m along the Dutch coast and up to 1–2 m along the Dutch lakes. Given the large impact of the considered changes, it is first recommended to carry out a more robust assessment of the uncertainties in future storm climate and to measure and monitor evolution of future wind speeds.