bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Some Aboriginal Teaching and Learning Strategies in Traditionally Oriented Communities
Authors: Bell Helen
Published: August 2016

Fortunately, many recent researchers who apply sociological or anthropological inquiry methods have studied Aboriginal communities outside of the classroom as well as inside it, and have taken account of the constellation of causes and modifying influences on Aboriginal learning styles (Harris 1977, Christie 1986, Davidson 1977). Indeed it is possible to observe a continuing recognition in Australian educational literature that influences outside of the classroom or school are amongst the most important and crucial aspects of Aboriginal learners successfully participating in education (Watts 1982, Berndt 1968a,1968b, Bell 1970, Grey 1974).
Remotely sensed habitat variables are poor surrogates for functional traits of rocky reef fish assemblages
Authors: COLEMAN MELINDA A. , INGLETON TIM , MILLAR RUSSELL B. , DAVIES PETER L. , JORDAN ALAN , KELAHER BRENDAN P.
Published: August 2016

Conservation planning often relies on measures such as species richness and abundance to prioritize areas for protection. Nonetheless, alternative metrics such as functional traits have recently been shown to be useful complementary measures for detecting biological change. Timely conservation planning often precludes the collection of such detailed biological data relying instead on remotely-sensed habitat mapping as a surrogate for diversity. While there is evidence that habitat maps may predict taxonomic species richness and diversity in some coastal ecosystems, it is unknown whether similar strong relationships exist for functional traits and functional multimetrics. We compared the performance of physical habitat structural complexity obtained from high definition swath mapping in explaining variation in traditional taxonomic metrics as well as functional traits (e.g., maximum length, trophic level, gregariousness) and functional multimetrics (e.g., functional richness, dispersion) of fish assemblages. Reef complexity measures were good surrogates for fish species richness and abundance but not for functional traits or multimetrics, except functional richness at the scale of 1 m. Remotely sensed habitat maps may not be a good surrogate for predicting functional traits and multimetrics of fish assemblages, and must be used with caution when maximizing such aspects of assemblages is a priority for conservation planning.
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden in Rhode Island: modelling treatment scale-up and elimination
Authors: SOIPE A. I. , RAZAVI H. , RAZAVI-SHEARER D. , GALÁRRAGA O. , TAYLOR L. E. , MARSHALL B. D. L.
Published: August 2016

We utilized a disease progression model to predict the number of viraemic infections, cirrhotic cases, and liver-related deaths in the state of Rhode Island (RI) under four treatment scenarios: (1) current HCV treatment paradigm (about 215 patients treated annually, Medicaid reimbursement criteria fibrosis stage ⩾F3); (2) immediate scale-up of treatment (to 430 annually) and less restrictive Medicaid reimbursement criteria (fibrosis stage ⩾F2); (3) immediate treatment scale-up and no fibrosis stage-specific Medicaid reimbursement criteria (⩾F0); (4) an ‘elimination’ scenario (i.e. a continued treatment scale-up needed to achieve >90% reduction in viraemic cases by 2030). Under current treatment models, the number of cirrhotic cases and liver-related deaths will plateau and peak by 2030, respectively. Treatment scale-up with ⩾F2 and ⩾F0 fibrosis stage treatment criteria could reduce the number of cirrhotic cases by 21·7% and 10·0%, and the number of liver-related deaths by 19·3% and 7·4%, respectively by 2030. To achieve a >90% reduction in viraemic cases by 2030, over 2000 persons will need to be treated annually by 2020. This strategy could reduce cirrhosis cases and liver-related deaths by 78·9% and 72·4%, respectively by 2030. Increased HCV treatment uptake is needed to substantially reduce the burden of HCV by 2030 in Rhode Island.
Barriers and Facilitators to Community CPR Education in San José, Costa Rica
Authors: Schmid Kristin M. , Mould-Millman Nee-Kofi , Hammes Andrew , Kroehl Miranda , García Raquel Quiros , McDermott Manrique Umaña , Lowenstein Steven R.
Published: August 2016

Background

Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves survival after prehospital cardiac arrest. While community CPR training programs have been implemented across the US, little is known about their acceptability in non-US Latino populations.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to enrolling in CPR training classes and performing CPR in San José, Costa Rica.

Methods

After consulting 10 San José residents, a survey was created, pilot-tested, and distributed to a convenience sample of community members in public gathering places in San José. Questions included demographics, CPR knowledge and beliefs, prior CPR training, having a family member with heart disease, and prior witnessing of a cardiac arrest. Questions also addressed barriers to enrolling in CPR classes (cost/competing priorities). The analysis focused on two main outcomes: likelihood of registering for a CPR class and willingness to perform CPR on an adult stranger. Odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated to test for associations between patient characteristics and these outcomes.

Results

Among 371 participants, most were male (60%) and <40 years old (77%); 31% had a college degree. Many had family members with heart disease (36%), had witnessed a cardiac arrest (18%), were trained in CPR (36%), and knew the correct CPR steps (70%). Overall, 55% (95% CI, 50-60%) indicated they would “likely” enroll in a CPR class; 74% (95% CI, 70-78%) would perform CPR on an adult stranger. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation class enrollment was associated with prior CPR training (OR: 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6-4.3) and a prior witnessed cardiac arrest (OR: 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5). Willingness to perform CPR on a stranger was associated with a prior witnessed cardiac arrest (OR: 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.4) and higher education (OR: 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.2). Believing that CPR does not work was associated with a higher likelihood of not attending a CPR class (OR: 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7-7.9). Fear of performing mouth-mouth, believing CPR is against God’s will, and fear of legal risk were associated with a likelihood of not attending a CPR class and not performing CPR on a stranger (range of ORs: 2.4-3.9).

Conclusion

Most San José residents are willing to take CPR classes and perform CPR on a stranger. To implement a community CPR program, barriers must be considered, including misgivings about CPR efficacy and legal risk. Hands-only CPR programs may alleviate hesitancy to perform mouth-to-mouth.

SchmidKM, Mould-MillmanNK, HammesA, KroehlM, Quiros GarcíaR, Umaña McDermottM, LowensteinSR. Barriers and facilitators to community CPR education in San José, Costa Rica. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(5):509–515.
The Challenging Environments of Injury Management in Construction and Coalmining in New South Wales
Authors: Biggs Herbert C. , Dingsdag Donald P.
Published: August 2016

Workers' compensation and disability management in the hazardous occupations of mining and construction are ongoing concerns for employers, employees, insurers and governments. Rising insurance costs, options of self-insurance models, highly competitive tendering, legislative rigidities, and escalating costs of compensation, have contributed to industry practices for injured workers that are driven by cost containment strategies rather than benchmarked disability management processes. In this article a critical review of legislation, industry practices, and published reports is undertaken with a view to oudining the adequacy of current and planned services and practices to meet the needs of injured workers in both sectors. Attention is also given to industrial practices that contra-indicate quality disability management processes. The authors detail a number of industrial and organisational operating environments, which have arisen from legislative frameworks, financial constraints, and outdated disability management practices. They comment on the more recendy introduced legislation and offer comment on its potential to drive benchmark changes in the building and coalmining sectors. Finally, suggestions are provided for more contemporary approaches to the insurance framework and return to work facilitation for injured workers.
The Assessment Plus Program: An Alternative Approach to the Vocational Assessment Process
Authors: Black Margaret E. , Kenny Dianna T.
Published: August 2016

Commonwealth Rehabilitation Services (CRS) Australia provides vocational assessment services to a client group whose rehabilitation is funded by Family and Community Services. Currently, the assessment of client skills, abilities and needs is based on the case management model. This model was expanded in the Assessment Plus study with the addition of a four-week assessment schedule and a series of educational group sessions. The program was conducted by a multi-disciplinary team at CRS Australia's Maroubra Unit, NSW. Forty-six CRS clients meeting inclusionary criteria formed the subject group for the study. Data was collected for the first eight months following implementation of the Assessment Plus program. The outcomes for study participants were compared with a matched group of 46 clients referred for assessment during the same period in 1999 prior to the implementation of Assessment Plus. The results of the study program showed a statistically significant increase in employment outcomes in the Assessment Plus group, with 12 (26%) clients recorded in employment compared with 3 (6%) in the control group. There was also an improvement in service delivery factors. These included a shorter assessment phase, an increase in the number of vocational goals identified and required reports filed. The results suggest that providing a time-based assessment frameworkplusintensive client involvement and participation improves vocational outcomes and service delivery.
Back Injuries Among Nurses: Prevalence, Risk-factors and Prevention
Authors: King Judith A. , Foreman Peter E. , Murphy Gregory C. , King Neville J.
Published: August 2016

Rehabilitation counsellors have long been interested in back injuries among at-risk occupational groups such as nurses. Back injuries have a high prevalence among nurses, with enormous financial costs being incurred by health agencies and governments. Consequently the prevention of back injuries is a high priority for all concerned. Following a discussion of prevalence studies and risk factors for back injuries, we selectively review research on the effectiveness of multi-component (education and exercises) preventive programs designed specifically for nurses. While there is some empirical support for preventive programs, research in the area is still in its infancy. Looking at the broader picture, we conclude that preventive efforts must ultimately address the design of the workplace and the availability of proper equipment. Importantly, nursing unions and governments are moving towards “no lifting” policies and re-organisation of work practices. For effective rehabilitation, though, of those who do suffer back injuries, the adoption of a Workplace Disability Management approach (rather the traditional OH&S and return to work services provided by health and rehabilitation professionals) is advocated.
Correlates of Perceived Hearing Handicap in a Veteran Sample
Authors: Alpass F. M. , Long N. R. , Pachana N. A. , Blakey J. A.
Published: August 2016

Audiometric tests do not adequately reflect the hearing handicap experienced by individuals with hearing loss and account for only part of the variance in hearing handicap perceptions (Weinstein & Ventry, 1983). The present study investigates the relationship between degree of hearing impairment, psychosocial factors and hearing handicap in a New Zealand war veteran sample. Forty-seven veterans (Mean age = 77.51, SD = 5.99) with some degree of hearing impairment completed a questionnaire which included the Hearing Handicap Inventory (HHI) (Newman et al., 1990), the SF36 sub-scales for general health and mental health (Ware, Kosinski & Keller, 1994), questions relating to hearing aid use and demographic details. Audiometric test information for each veteran was accessed through the national war pensions organisation. Analyses revealed no significant relationship between percentage hearing loss and perceptions of hearing handicap. Those who reported lower satisfaction with their hearing aids, those in poorer physical health and those who had been using hearing aids for a longer time reported higher scores on the HHI. These findings suggest that aspects of the rehabilitation process are important factors in the individual's experience of hearing handicap and that non-auditory factors (such as general health) may be essential considerations in this process.
Employment and Economic Outcomes for Deafened Adults with Cochlear Implants
Authors: Hogan Anthony , Code Chris , Taylor Alan , Wilson David
Published: August 2016

This paper examines employment issues concerning deafened adults, especially those with cochlear implants. The analysis shows that deafened people have fewer educational qualifications and are less likely to be in paid employment when compared with people without a hearing disability. In consequence, they report lower income levels. Conversely, respondents with cochlear implants reported higher levels of employment and income. In addition to disability, social factors such as age and sex may contribute to a person's socio-economic status. As such, rehabilitation interventions need to consider the person's social as well as auditory needs.
The Work Repertory Grid
Authors: Colquhoun Ross
Published: August 2016

The Work Repertory Grid was developed to investigate a Personal Construct model of burnout for an empirical study involving 60 mental health professionals working in the Illawarra area. This paper backgrounds some of the theories of stress and burnout and the traditional methods of measuring predictor and dependent variables. It also describes the development of the Work Repertory Grid and how it was derived from both Personal Construct and burnout theory. Results from the empirical study suggest a valuable role for the instrument in interpreting and exploring results from future research in conjunction with other objective measures, which, in turn, tend to validate the instrument. By fixing constructs relating to personal attributes and relating styles the Work Repertory Grid holds the promise of early prediction of burnout in stressful work environments.
Is Compensation Bad for your Back?
Authors: Duncan Grant
Published: August 2016

A series of studies has tested the hypothesis that individuals with chronic pain (especially low back pain) who are receiving compensation respond less satisfactorily to treatment and rehabilitation than those not receiving it, and that symptoms and disability are reinforced and maintained by financial reward. Some examples of evidence for such ‘compensation neurosis’ are reviewed. The impact of socio-economic status, employment and litigation need also to be taken into account. The best response to individuals with chronic pain who are receiving compensation may not be the obvious punitive one of lowering or ceasing benefits. Rather, a compensation system minimising litigation and emphasising co-ordinated rehabilitation is advocated. The author challenges a common clinical — and political — bias against the so-called ‘compensation patient’.
Substance Abuse and Disability: Implications for Rehabilitation Counselling Practices
Authors: Da Silva Cardoso Elizabeth
Published: August 2016

The prevalence of substance abuse among people with disabilities is a major concern in the field of rehabilitation. Recent research has indicated that substance abuse increases incidents that lead to disability and undermines rehabilitation gain. However, most rehabilitation counsellors lack sophistication concerning the dual problems of substance abuse and disability because of their unfamiliarity with and inadequate training for substance abuse and disability issues. This paper provides an overview of (a) important issues related to substance abuse and disability, (b) procedures and techniques for identifying, assessing, counselling and referring clients with substance abuse problems for treatment, and (c) implications for rehabilitation counselling training and practices.
Vocational Outcomes for People Living with Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Reynolds Terry
Published: August 2016

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is an under recognised, often misunderstood condition that is wrongly perceived as a simple habit(s). Due to the hetrogenous nature of the symptoms, severity and effects of TS, this condition is individualised in terms of its impact on people living with TS. This paper reports five case studies of people living with TS, ranging from mild to severe diagnosis and provides an insight into some of the difficulties and successes people living with TS experience in obtaining and maintaining employment. Treatment methods, aetiology issues and implications for rehabilitation counsellors are also discussed.
Circles in the Sand: an Indigenous Framework of Historical Practice
Authors: Maynard John
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper seeks to identify and explore the differences
of Indigenous approaches to historical practice. Why is
history so important to Indigenous Australia? History is of
crucial importance across the full spectrum of Indigenous
understanding and knowledge. History belongs to all
cultures and they have differing means of recording and
recalling it. In essence, the paper explores the
undercurrents of Australian history and the absence for so
long of an Aboriginal place in that history, and the
process over the past 40 years in correcting that
imbalance. During the 1960s and 1970s the Aboriginal place
in Australian history for so long erased, overlooked or
ignored was suddenly a topic worthy of wider attention and
importance. But despite all that has been published since,
we have not realistically even touched the surface of what
is buried within both the archives and oral memory. And
quite clearly what has been recovered remains largely
embedded within a white viewpoint of the past.
Needs Assessment
Authors: Kerr Billy
Published: August 2016

In Vol.16 No.3, p.37, we published an article by Mr Kerr entitled “A Metaplan Approach to Needs Assessment”. This was an outline of an approach used by the Aboriginal Education Unit, Kalgoorlie Education Centre, W.A. to determine the educational needs of Aboriginal Communities. One of the target groups selected for this program was a group of traditional Aboriginal people from the remote community of Coonana. Mr Kerr now writes:

“As a result of the program at Coonana, we were again asked to return to help the community re-assess their needs and to formulate some ideas on how they could tackle a few of the other identified key areas. We used a similar approach to the year before, putting topic headings onto a large sheet of paper and then getting people to write down ideas on how to achieve progress in this area. The response from these people was magnificent, and again I reiterate the point of how often have we seen non-Aboriginal people go into Aboriginal communities to tell them that they know best, and make no attempt to listen to or solicit the Aboriginal viewpoint.”

The following is a copy of the report on the project sent to the Coonana School.
Culture and Curriculum
Authors: Smith R.A.
Published: August 2016

It has become fashionable in educational circles to pay homage to what is described as ‘cultural activities’ in schools, particularly those schools in which the clientele is drawn from a culturally different community. Such an addition to the curriculum content of schools is a response to the concern that schools are somehow irrelevant to the needs of the client group. While the latter point may indeed be true, this paper argues that curriculum decisions in the area of ‘culture’ are deceptively simple.
“Otitis what …….”?
Authors: Armstrong John
Published: August 2016

Jane enters the classroom amid cries of subversive laughter and cruel comments. She seats herself and proceeds quietly and methodically to do her school work. The other children keep on teasing, pounding at that little girl’s emotions, until she finally sobs and sinks below her desk. She doesn’t hear everything they say - she doesn’t have to - she knows what they are saying and why.
Beyond Common Sense in Bilingual Education
Authors: Harris Stephen G.
Published: August 2016

It is assumed that by now the widely known UNESCO statement about the value of vernacular literacy has achieved the status of “common sense” knowledge among those interested in the schooling of minority language groups. The term “common sense” here implies that although there is much that is sound in a common sense view, there is also the danger of oversimplification. Although strongly in favour of bilingual education, both educationally and in terms of the ethics of racial contact, I see a number of areas where an oversimplified approach to it can bring either some harm with the good or at least lessen the effectiveness of the use of the vernacular language in education. The “initial literacy in the vernacular” approach is not a panacea for all minority group educational problems. The article by Joy Kinslow-Harris (1968), probably the best single statement made on the value of vernacular education for Australian Aboriginals, was a profound call for a basic change in attitude towards the education of Aboriginals, and outlined sound starting procedures. While this paper strongly supports Kinslow-Harris’s statement, it wishes also to extend understanding of some important theoretical issues.
Use of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the treatment planning of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy
Authors: Garcia-Alvarez R. , Liney G. P. , Beavis A. W.
Published: August 2016

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) permits the non-invasive mapping of brain activation during some specific stimulation. This paper demonstrates the application of fMRI for including cortical activation into a treatment plan produced on our commercial treatment planning system (CMS XiO™). A patient with an intracranial tumour near the motor cortex was studied on a 1.5 Tesla GE Signa scanner. Images from conventional MRI, used to define the planning target volume (PTV), and from fMRI, used to define the organ at risk (OAR), were transferred to the treatment planning system. Three plans were generated with similar treatment intent and compared to assess the dose given to the OAR. These were: 1. a conventional plan; 2. an IMRT plan optimised to cover the PTV and; 3. an IMRT plan optimised to additionally spare the OAR. Results show that 21% of the motor cortex (OAR) receives 90% of the prescription dose when planned conventionally. This is reduced to 9% when IMRT is used, and to 2% when fMRI data is included. This novel approach can be extended to other functional areas of the brain, giving rise to a more conformal avoidance radiotherapy technique, which may help to preserve patient's quality of life.
Towards an evidence-based portal imaging protocol for prostate cancer. A critical review of the literature
Authors: Dale G.
Published: August 2016

This article reviews portal imaging undertaken for prostate cancer with the intention of developing an imaging protocol for this category of patient. It explores the online and offline approaches of electronic portal imaging, when intervention for field placement errors (FPE) should take place and who actually makes this decision. The choice of reference image is discussed and the questions the use of re-simulation. This paper concludes that it is necessary to image for three fractions in the first week in order to highlight systematic errors, that an electronic portal imager is cost effective in time and money, and that radiographers should review images and make the decisions upon intervention strategies. Images will be reviewed via a quantitative template method rather than via a qualitative “eyeball” method.
Measurement Invariance of the Parent Version of the Strengths and	Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Across Community and Clinical	Populations
Authors: Smits Iris A. M. , Theunissen Meinou H. C. , Reijneveld Sijmen A. , Nauta Maaike H. , Timmerman Marieke E.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a popular screening instrument for the detection of social-emotional and behavioral problems in children in community and clinical settings. To sensibly compare SDQ scores across these settings, the SDQ should measure psychosocial difficulties and strengths in the same way across community and clinical populations, that is, the SDQ should be measurement invariant across both populations. We examined whether measurement invariance of the parent version of the SDQ holds using data from a community sample (N = 707) and a clinical sample (N = 931). The results of our analysis suggest that measurement invariance of the SDQ parent version across community and clinical populations is tenable, implying that one can compare the SDQ scores of children across these populations. This is a favorable result since it is common clinical practice to interpret the scores of a clinical individual relative to norm scores that are based on community samples. The findings of this study support the continued use of the parent version of the SDQ in community and clinical settings.
Going Against the Flow: Documenting Seasonal Current Reversal
Authors: Branscombe Alexandra
Published: August 2016

Scientists discover the source of a coastal Korean current that reverses its flow in the summer.
Chemotherapy resistance and metastasis-promoting effects of thyroid hormone in hepatocarcinoma cells are mediated by suppression of FoxO1 and Bim pathway
Authors: Chi Hsiang-Cheng , Chen Shen-Liang , Cheng Yi-Hung , Lin Tzu-Kang , Tsai Chung-Ying , Tsai Ming-Ming , Lin Yang-Hsiang , Huang Ya-Hui , Lin Kwang-Huei
Published: August 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and systemic chemotherapy is the major treatment strategy for late-stage HCC patients. Poor prognosis following chemotherapy is the general outcome owing to recurrent resistance. Recent studies have suggested that in addition to cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, chemotherapy can induce an alternative cascade that supports tumor growth and metastasis. In the present investigation, we showed that thyroid hormone (TH), a potent hormone-mediating cellular differentiation and metabolism, acts as an antiapoptosis factor upon challenge of thyroid hormone receptor (TR)-expressing HCC cells with cancer therapy drugs, including cisplatin, doxorubicin and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). TH/TR signaling promoted chemotherapy resistance through negatively regulating the pro-apoptotic protein, Bim, resulting in doxorubicin-induced metastasis of chemotherapy-resistant HCC cells. Ectopic expression of Bim in hepatoma cells challenged with chemotherapeutic drugs abolished TH/TR-triggered apoptosis resistance and metastasis. Furthermore, Bim expression was directly transactivated by Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), which was negatively regulated by TH/TR. TH/TR suppressed FoxO1 activity through both transcriptional downregulation and nuclear exclusion of FoxO1 triggered by Akt-mediated phosphorylation. Ectopic expression of the constitutively active FoxO1 mutant, FoxO1-AAA, but not FoxO1-wt, diminished the suppressive effect of TH/TR on Bim. Our findings collectively suggest that expression of Bim is mediated by FoxO1 and indirectly downregulated by TH/TR, leading to chemotherapy resistance and doxorubicin-promoted metastasis of hepatoma cells.
Normal stroma suppresses cancer cell proliferation via mechanosensitive regulation of JMJD1a-mediated transcription
Authors: Kaukonen Riina , Mai Anja , Georgiadou Maria , Saari Markku , De Franceschi Nicola , Betz Timo , Sihto Harri , Ventelä Sami , Elo Laura , Jokitalo Eija , Westermarck Jukka , Kellokumpu-Lehtinen Pirkko-Liisa , Joensuu Heikki , Grenman Reidar , Ivaska Johanna
Published: August 2016

Tissue homeostasis is dependent on the controlled localization of specific cell types and the correct composition of the extracellular stroma. While the role of the cancer stroma in tumour progression has been well characterized, the specific contribution of the matrix itself is unknown. Furthermore, the mechanisms enabling normal—not cancer—stroma to provide tumour-suppressive signals and act as an antitumorigenic barrier are poorly understood. Here we show that extracellular matrix (ECM) generated by normal fibroblasts (NFs) is softer than the CAF matrix, and its physical and structural features regulate cancer cell proliferation. We find that normal ECM triggers downregulation and nuclear exit of the histone demethylase JMJD1a resulting in the epigenetic growth restriction of carcinoma cells. Interestingly, JMJD1a positively regulates transcription of many target genes, including YAP/TAZ (WWTR1), and therefore gene expression in a stiffness-dependent manner. Thus, normal stromal restricts cancer cell proliferation through JMJD1a-dependent modulation of gene expression.
An O2-sensing stressosome from a Gram-negative bacterium
Authors: Jia Xin , Wang Jian-bo , Rivera Shannon , Duong Duc , Weinert Emily E.
Published: August 2016

Bacteria have evolved numerous pathways to sense and respond to changing environmental conditions, including, within Gram-positive bacteria, the stressosome complex that regulates transcription of general stress response genes. However, the signalling molecules recognized by Gram-positive stressosomes have yet to be identified, hindering our understanding of the signal transduction mechanism within the complex. Furthermore, an analogous pathway has yet to be described in Gram-negative bacteria. Here we characterize a putative stressosome from the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio brasiliensis. The sensor protein RsbR binds haem and exhibits ligand-dependent control of the stressosome complex activity. Oxygen binding to the haem decreases activity, while ferrous RsbR results in increased activity, suggesting that the V. brasiliensis stressosome may be activated when the bacterium enters anaerobic growth conditions. The findings provide a model system for investigating ligand-dependent signalling within stressosome complexes, as well as insights into potential pathways controlled by oxygen-dependent signalling within Vibrio species.
Atomistic material behavior at extreme pressures
Authors: Béland Laurent Karim , Osetsky Yuri N , Stoller Roger E
Published: August 2016

Computer simulations are routinely performed to model the response of materials to extreme environments, such as neutron (or ion) irradiation. The latter involves high-energy collisions from which a recoiling atom creates a so-called atomic displacement cascade. These cascades involve coordinated motion of atoms in the form of supersonic shockwaves. These shockwaves are characterized by local atomic pressures >15 GPa and interatomic distances <2 Å. Similar pressures and interatomic distances are observed in other extreme environment, including short-pulse laser ablation, high-impact ballistic collisions and diamond anvil cells. Displacement cascade simulations using four different force fields, with initial kinetic energies ranging from 1 to 40 keV, show that there is a direct relationship between these high-pressure states and stable defect production. An important shortcoming in the modeling of interatomic interactions at these short distances, which in turn determines final defect production, is brought to light.
Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein (ox-LDL) Cholesterol Induces the Expression of miRNA-223 and L-type Calcium Channel Protein in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: He Fengping , Xu Xin , Yuan Shuguo , Tan Liangqiu , Gao Lingjun , Ma Shaochun , Zhang Shebin , Ma Zhanzhong , Jiang Wei , Liu Fenglian , Chen Baofeng , Zhang Beibei , Pang Jungang , Huang Xiuyan , Weng Jiaqiang
Published: August 2016

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia causing high morbidity and mortality. While changing of the cellular calcium homeostasis plays a critical role in AF, the L-type calcium channel α1c protein has suggested as an important regulator of reentrant spiral dynamics and is a major component of AF-related electrical remodeling. Our computational modeling predicted that miRNA-223 may regulate theCACNA1Cgene which encodes the cardiac L-type calcium channel α1c subunit. We found that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) cholesterol significantly up-regulates both the expression of miRNA-223 and L-type calcium channel protein. In contrast, knockdown of miRNA-223 reduced L-type calcium channel protein expression, while genetic knockdown of endogenous miRNA-223 dampened AF vulnerability. Transfection of miRNA-223 by adenovirus-mediated expression enhanced L-type calcium currents and promoted AF in mice while co-injection of aCACNA1C-specific miR-mimic counteracted the effect. Taken together, ox-LDL, as a known factor in AF-associated remodeling, positively regulates miRNA-223 transcription and L-type calcium channel protein expression. Our results implicate a new molecular mechanism for AF in which miRNA-223 can be used as an biomarker of AF rheumatic heart disease.
Experimental Identification of Electric Field Excitation Mechanisms in a Structural Transition of Tokamak Plasmas
Authors: Kobayashi T. , Itoh K. , Ido T. , Kamiya K. , Itoh S.-I. , Miura Y. , Nagashima Y. , Fujisawa A. , Inagaki S. , Ida K. , Hoshino K.
Published: August 2016

Self-regulation between structure and turbulence, which is a fundamental process in the complex system, has been widely regarded as one of the central issues in modern physics. A typical example of that in magnetically confined plasmas is the Low confinement mode to High confinement mode (L-H) transition, which is intensely studied for more than thirty years since it provides a confinement improvement necessary for the realization of the fusion reactor. An essential issue in the L-H transition physics is the mechanism of the abrupt “radial” electric field generation in toroidal plasmas. To date, several models for the L-H transition have been proposed but the systematic experimental validation is still challenging. Here we report the systematic and quantitative model validations of the radial electric field excitation mechanism for the first time, using a data set of the turbulence and the radial electric field having a high spatiotemporal resolution. Examining time derivative of Poisson’s equation, the sum of the loss-cone loss current and the neoclassical bulk viscosity current is found to behave as the experimentally observed radial current that excites the radial electric field within a few factors of magnitude.
Transition from two-dimensional photonic crystals to dielectric metasurfaces in the optical diffraction with a fine structure
Authors: Rybin Mikhail V. , Samusev Kirill B. , Lukashenko Stanislav Yu. , Kivshar Yuri S. , Limonov Mikhail F.
Published: August 2016

We study experimentally a fine structure of the optical Laue diffraction from two-dimensional periodic photonic lattices. The periodic photonic lattices with the C4v square symmetry, orthogonal C2v symmetry and hexagonal C6v symmetry are composed of submicron dielectric elements fabricated by the direct laser writing technique. We observe surprisingly strong optical diffraction from a finite number of elements that provides an excellent tool to determine not only the symmetry but also exact number of particles in the finite-length structure and the sample shape. Using different samples with orthogonal C2v symmetry and varying the lattice spacing, we observe experimentally a transition between the regime of multi-order diffraction, being typical for photonic crystals to the regime where only the zero-order diffraction can be observed, being is a clear fingerprint of dielectric metasurfaces characterized by effective parameters.
Broadband multiple responses of surface modes in quasicrystalline plasmonic structure
Authors: Yuan Haiming , Jiang Xiangqian , Huang Feng , Sun Xiudong
Published: August 2016

We numerically study the multiple excitation of surface modes in 2D photonic quasicrystal/metal/substrate structure. An improved rigorous coupled wave analysis method that can handle the quasicrystalline structure is presented. The quasicrystalline lattice, which refers to Penrose tiling in this paper, is generated by the cut-and-project method. The normal incidence spectrum presents a broadband multiple responses property. We find that the phase matching condition determines the excitation frequency for a given incident angle, while the depth of the reflection valley depends on the incident polarization. The modes will split into several sub-modes at oblique incidence, which give rise to the appearance of more responses on the spectrum.
Highly stable tandem solar cell monolithically integrating dye-sensitized and CIGS solar cells
Authors: Chae Sang Youn , Park Se Jin , Joo Oh-Shim , Jun Yongseok , Min Byoung Koun , Hwang Yun Jeong
Published: August 2016

A highly stable monolithic tandem solar cell was developed by combining the heterogeneous photovoltaic technologies of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and solution-processed CuInxGa1-xSeyS1-y (CIGS) thin film solar cells. The durability of the tandem cell was dramatically enhanced by replacing the redox couple from "Equation missing" to [Co(bpy)3]2+ /[Co(bpy)3]3+), accompanied by a well-matched counter electrode (PEDOT:PSS) and sensitizer (Y123). A 1000 h durability test of the DSSC/CIGS tandem solar cell in ambient conditions resulted in only a 5% decrease in solar cell efficiency. Based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical cell measurement, the enhanced stability of the tandem cell is attributed to minimal corrosion by the cobalt-based polypyridine complex redox couple.
Predictive Immunohistochemical Markers Related to Drug Selection for Patients Treated with Sunitinib or Sorafenib for Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Ma Xin , Wang Lei , Li Hongzhao , Zhang Yu , Gao Yu , Guo Gang , Liu Kan , Meng Qingyu , Zhao Chaofei , Wang Dianjun , Song Zhigang , Zhang Xu
Published: August 2016

Targeted drug decisions in metastatic renal cell carcinoma are exclusively made on the basis of clinical criteria. We investigated whether these biomarkers (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, CAIX, VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFB, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, CD31, CD44, bcl-xL, KIT, p21, CXCR4, PTEN, (CSF)-1R, RET, and FLT-3) can predictive the different effects between sunitinib and sorafenib treatments and are available to guide targeted drug selection. We enrolled all patients who underwent nephrectomy with postoperative sunitinib- or sorafenib-treatment at our institution from 2007 to 2012. Immunohistochemical approach was applied to assess the potential differential effects of immunostainings between sunitinib- and sorafenib-treated groups. We found that patients with high HIF-2α, CD31 expression showed greater relative PFS and OS benefit and patients with high CAIX expression presented greater relative OS benefit from sunitinib than from sorafenib, patients with high VEGFR1 or PDGFRB expression levels exhibited worse relative PFS benefit from sunitinib than from sorafenib. Namely high HIF-2α, CD31, and CAIX expression levels along with low VEGFR1 and PDGFRB expression levels improved the benefit of sunitinib treatment compared with sorafenib treatment. These results can identify whether patients can benefit more from sunitinib or sorafenib for drug selection guidance, eventually with precision medicine.
Hypoxic Preconditioning Inhibits Hypoxia-induced Apoptosis of Cardiac Progenitor Cells via the PI3K/Akt-DNMT1-p53 Pathway
Authors: Xu Rongfeng , Sun Yuning , Chen Zhongpu , Yao Yuyu , Ma Genshan
Published: August 2016

Research has demonstrated that hypoxic preconditioning (HP) can enhance the survival and proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs); however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we report that HP of c-kit (+) CPCs inhibits p53 via the PI3K/Akt-DNMT1 pathway. First, CPCs were isolated from the hearts of C57BL/6 mice and further purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting. Next, these cells were cultured under either normoxia (H0) or HP for 6 hours (H6) followed by oxygen–serum deprivation for 24 hours (24h). Flow cytometric analysis and MTT assays revealed that hypoxia-preconditioned CPCs exhibited an increased survival rate. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR assays showed that p53 was obviously inhibited, while DNMT1 and DNMT3β were both significantly up-regulated by HP. Bisulphite sequencing analysis indicated that DNMT1 and DNMT3β did not cause p53 promoter hypermethylation. A reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis further demonstrated that DNMT1 bound to the promoter locus of p53 in hypoxia-preconditioned CPCs. Together, these observations suggest that HP of CPCs could lead to p53 inhibition by up-regulating DNMT1 and DNMT3β, which does not result in p53 promoter hypermethylation and that DNMT1 might directly repress p53, at least in part, by binding to the p53 promoter locus.
Expression of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator in Ganglia of Human Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Xue Ruiqi , Gu Huan , Qiu Yamei , Guo Yong , Korteweg Christine , Huang Jin , Gu Jiang
Published: August 2016

CF is caused by mutations of the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) which is an anion selective transmembrane ion channel that mainly regulates chloride transport, expressed in the epithelia of various organs. Recently, we have demonstrated CFTR expression in the brain, the spinal cord and the sympathetic ganglia. This study aims to investigate the expression and distribution of CFTR in the ganglia of the human gastrointestinal tract. Fresh tissue and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal gastrointestinal tract samples were collected from eleven surgical patients and five autopsy cases. Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, laser-assisted microdissection and nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were performed. Expression of CFTR protein and mRNA was detected in neurons of the ganglia of all segments of the human gastrointestinal tract examined, including the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, colon and rectum. The extensive expression of CFTR in the enteric ganglia suggests that CFTR may play a role in the physiology of the innervation of the gastro-intestinal tract. The presence of dysfunctional CFTRs in enteric ganglia could, to a certain extent, explain the gastrointestinal symptoms frequently experienced by CF patients.
Electroretinographic evaluations of retinal function before, just after and after intravitreal injections
Authors: Yagura Kazuma , Shinoda Kei , Matsumoto Soiti , Terauchi Gaku , Kawashima Makoto , Watanabe Emiko , Matsumoto Harue , Iwata Takeshi , Mizota Atsushi , Miyake Yozo
Published: August 2016

Intravitreal injections (IVI) have become a part of daily practice for a growing number of procedures. We evaluated the retinal function by recording intraoperative photopic electroretinograms (ERGs) before an injection (T1), just after the injection (T2) and after the aspiration of the anterior chamber fluid (T3) of 19 eyes of 19 patients (mean age 70.6 years; men = 11) who received an IVI of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. The mean amplitudes of the b-wave, photopic negative responses (PhNR) and oscillatory potentials (OPs) 1 and 2 at T2 were significantly smaller than that at T1, but no significant difference was observed between T3 and T1. The mean implicit times of the a-wave and OP1, 2 and 3 at T2 and the a-wave and the OP2 at T3 were significantly longer than that at T1. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) at T2 (49.32 mm Hg) was significantly higher and the IOP at T3 (8.74 mm Hg) was significantly lower than that at T1 (21.05 mm Hg). The retinal function was reduced and the IOP elevated just after the IVI. The response of each ERG component was different suggesting a different sensitivity of each type of retinal neuron to IVI.
Conditional Deletion of Smad1 Ameliorates Glomerular Injury in Progressive Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Araki Makoto , Matsubara Takeshi , Abe Hideharu , Torikoshi Kazuo , Mima Akira , Iehara Noriyuki , Fukatsu Atsushi , Kita Toru , Arai Hidenori , Doi Toshio
Published: August 2016

Matrix expansion and cell proliferation are concomitantly observed in various glomerular injuries. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these changes have not been fully elucidated. We have reported that Smad1 is a key signalling molecule that regulates the transcription of type IV collagen (Col4) in mesangial matrix expansion and is thereby involved in glomerular injury in an acute model of glomerulonephritis. In this study, we addressed the role of Smad1 signalling in accelerated nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN), a model of progressive glomerulonephritis, using conditional deletion of Smad1 in Rosa26CreERT2 mice (Smad1-CKO). Mesangial matrix expansion in the Smad1-CKO mice with NTN was significantly inhibited compared with that in wild type mice with NTN, which was consistent with the decrease in Col4 expression level. On the other hand, STAT3 activation and cell proliferation were not influenced by Smad1 deletion in the NTN model. Therefore, we investigated another factor that activates cell proliferation in the absence of Smad1. Id2 induced VEGF secretion and subsequent STAT3 activation, independently of Smad1 expression in mouse mesangial cells. Here we show that Smad1 plays an important role in the development of glomerular injury without affecting cell proliferation, in progressive glomerulonephritis.
Stabilisation of metastable polymorphs: the case of paracetamol form III
Authors: Telford Richard , Seaton Colin C. , Clout Alexander , Buanz Asma , Gaisford Simon , Williams Gareth R. , Prior Timothy J. , Okoye Chidera H. , Munshi Tasnim , Scowen Ian J.
Published: August 2016

A unique approach is applied in preparing the first ‘air-stable’ formulation of form III of paracetamol, long regarded as a highly unstable form.
Stereoselective synthesis of vinylsilanes via copper-catalyzed silylation of alkenes with silanes
Authors: Gu Jian , Cai Chun
Published: August 2016

An efficient and stereoselective synthesis of vinylsilanes via copper-catalyzed direct silylation of alkenes with silanes was developed.
Three-dimensional multi-recognition flexible wearable sensor via graphene aerogel printing
Authors: An Boxing , Ma Ying , Li Wenbo , Su Meng , Li Fengyu , Song Yanlin
Published: August 2016

Multi-response, multi-function and high integration are the critical pursuits of advanced electronic wearable sensors.
Organic heterocyclic molecules become superalkalis
Authors: Reddy G. Naaresh , Giri Santanab
Published: August 2016

A new strategy has been developed to create superalkali molecules from aromatic heterocycles. C3N2(CH3)5 has the ionization energy close to 3.0 eV.
C-type related order in the defective fluorites La2Ce2O7 and Nd2Ce2O7 studied by neutron scattering and ab initio MD simulations
Authors: Kalland Liv-Elisif , Norberg Stefan T. , Kyrklund Jakob , Hull Stephen , Eriksson Sten G. , Norby Truls , Mohn Chris E. , Knee Christopher S.
Published: August 2016

We present a structural investigation of La2−xNdxCe2O7 using molecular dynamics, in addition to X-ray powder diffraction and total scattering neutron powder diffraction, analysed using Rietveld refinement and the reverse Monte Carlo method.
Correction: Tuning the Schottky contacts in the phosphorene and graphene heterostructure by applying strain
Authors: Liu Biao , Wu Li-Juan , Zhao Yu-Qing , Wang Lin-Zhi , Cai Meng-Qiu
Published: August 2016

Correction for ‘Tuning the Schottky contacts in the phosphorene and graphene heterostructure by applying strain’ by Biao Liu et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 19918–19925.