bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Power Distribution of Codes with the Lowest Alphabet Redundancy Depending on the Number of Bits and Code Distance
Authors: Blyudov Anton , Pivovarov Dmitry , Pronin Georgiy
Published: June 2023

Purpose: To investigate the dependence of the maximum power of codes on the number of digits and the minimum code distance; to find an approach to determine the optimal rules for constructing the check vector of a separable code from the point of view of ensuring minimal redundancy with a given reliability of message transmission. Methods: Computer simulation has been used to conduct experimental studies. For theoretical studies, the method of analytical review, graph theory, and coding theory have been applied. Results: Theoretical and experimental studies have obtained certain specific cases of power distribution for code alphabets with a given Hamming distance for various constant lengths, generated using the previously described algorithm. A method for doubling the power of arbitrary binary codes is proposed and described, as well as a method for obtaining codes with the least redundancy of powers M=2f, where f is a natural number for a predetermined minimum code distance by recursively using the method proposed in the article. Practical significance: An algorithm has been developed for doubling the power of the code alphabet while maintaining the required reliability of data transmission. A technique for analyzing the resulting matrices of code vectors is obtained in order to determine the rules for calculating check bits without using cyclic algorithms.
Ecological Assessment of Environmental Objects During Engineering and Environmental Surveys
Authors: Gorbunova Natal'ya , Fedoseenko Anastasiya , Abu-Hasan Mahmud
Published: June 2023

Purpose: To assess the current ecological condition of the survey site located in the Republic of Karelia and intended for laying a non-public railway track. To analyze the component of the environment — the soil, for compliance with the requirements of regulatory documentation. To establish the category of soil pollution in accordance with Sanitary and Epidemiological Standards and Regulations SanPiN 2.1.3684 and the rules for further use in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.3685. Methods: To assess the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals and organic ecotoxicants, samples have been taken from 14 test sites. Assessment of the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals and benz(a)pyrene has been carried out in accordance with SanPiN 1.2.3685. The assessment of the degree of contamination of soils with petroleum products has been carried out in accordance with a letter from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation. The assessment of the danger of soil pollution has been carried out according to several indicators (Tables 4.3–4.5 of SanPiN 2.1.3685):

–- a complex of metals for public health is made according to the indicator of total pollution (Zc);

–- the presence/absence of excess over the established maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) and approximately permissible concentrations (APC). The pollution category is determined by the worst indicator. When establishing pollution categories worse than “permissible”, recommendations have been developed for the further use of contaminated soils (Appendix No. 9 to SanPiN 2.1.3684). Results: As a result of the tests conducted, it was determined that the soil samples collected from the survey area for the construction of a non-public railway section comply with the soil pollution category of “Permissible” and, according to the rules of further usage, fall under the classification of “Unrestricted Use”. Practical Significance: The investigated soils meet all the requirements of the regulatory documentation and can be used without restrictions for the construction of the non-public railway section.
Application of Neural Networks for Object Recognition in Railway Transportation
Authors: Sychugov Anton , Miheychikov Vadim , Chernyshov Maksim
Published: June 2023

Purpose: With the help of vision systems and neural networks, such as YOLOv8 and MASK R-CNN, it is possible to quickly and accurately detect objects that can lead to an accident or delay trains. YOLOv8 is one of the most popular real-time object detection algorithms that uses deep neural networks to classify and localize objects. YOLOv8 can detect objects in images and videos with high speed and accuracy. This model can work on various hardware platforms, including mobile devices and computers. MASK R-CNN is an even more advanced object detection algorithm that has the ability to highlight objects and their contours with high accuracy. MASK R-CNN uses convolutional neural networks and mask segmentation techniques to detect objects. It can work both in real time and on static images. When vision systems are equipped with YOLOv8 and MASK R-CNN neural networks, they can quickly respond to extraneous objects that appear on the rails. The purpose of the article is to develop algorithms for detecting railway transport objects and obstacles using technical vision and neural networks, and to evaluate the effectiveness of algorithms. Methods: The YOLOv8 algorithm is based on the architecture of convolutional neural networks and uses supervised learning methods. This model takes an image as input and provides estimates of the probability that a certain object is present in the image in real time. To achieve this, YOLOv8 employs region of interest (ROI) detection methods, allowing to determine the areas of the image on which objects may be located. The MASK R-CNN algorithm uses more sophisticated methods, such as mask segmentation methods and proportional resizing of the area of interest (RoIAlign) to achieve more accurate results of object detecting in images and videos. It is also based on convolutional neural networks and uses supervised learning methods. MASK R-CNN uses mask segmentation methods to determine the contour of an object in an image, as well as the RoIAlign method, which allows for superior quality when processing various image sizes. Common mathematical methods that are used in YOLOv8 and MASK R-CNN are methods of convolutional neural network, supervised learning and optimization of the loss function. They are based on deep learning algorithms such as stochastic gradient descent and backward propagation of errors. Results: An algorithm for detecting foreign objects on the route of rolling stock using a technical vision system, calculation of the evaluation of the quality of neural networks performance, error matrices have been formed, the results of neural network processing have been obtained. Practical significance: An algorithm for detecting foreign objects on the route of the moving rolling stock using a technical vision system has been developed, two neural networks have been trained to detect railway transport objects and obstacles on the way.
Experience in the Use of Digital Levels and CREDO NIVELIR Software for Monitoring Engineering Structures
Authors: Kanashin Nikolay , Afonin Dmitriy
Published: June 2023

Purpose: To present the experience of working with digital levels at a construction site during long-term settlement monitoring settlement of both engineering structures under construction and in operation in conditions of tight time constraints, a significant amount of work, limited resources and adverse observation conditions with the simultaneous need to perform them with high accuracy. Methods: Theory of measurement errors, least squares method, parametric adjustment method. Results: It is shown that digital levels of various manufacturers, although they are used to solve various geodetic problems, and the work of many authors is devoted to the study of the influence of various factors on the accuracy of the result obtained by them, but in real production conditions a number of such factors cannot be excluded, which leads to a deterioration in the accuracy of the leveling results. Practical recommendations for mathematical processing of leveling networks built by digital levels in the CREDO NIVELIR software environment are developed, non-standard types of settlement marks are proposed with an indication of the methodology for performing observations when using them. Based on the known dependence of the tilt angle of the digital level on the ambient temperature, an original method for its determination is proposed, including situations when the obtained value exceeds its compensation limits by the level software. It is shown that the conclusions obtained on the basis of the experience of working with digital levels make it possible to increase the accuracy of such work, as well as reduce their labor intensity, when monitoring the settlement of engineering structures. Practical significance: The conclusions and results presented in the article have been obtained on the basis of long-term control of the settlement of both engineering structures under construction and in operation and can be implemented by engineering and geodetic construction support.
Teaching foreign language writing skills in the digital environment of the university
Authors: Titova Svetlana V.
Published: June 2023

Importance. In the competence-activity paradigm of language education, priority is given to the development and formation of foreign-language productive written-speech skills and language skills of students, contributing to the creation of written texts of academic, scientific and professionally-oriented genres. Many researchers and teachers point out a number of difficulties and problems they face when teaching writing: lack of motivation among students, lack of coordination of language and lexical skills, critical, analytical and creative thinking skills; unwillingness to read and analyze authentic texts, lack of skills in using open reference materials and online dictionaries, text editors, etc. The purpose of the study is to develop an effective methods for integrating digital technologies and open educational resources into traditional approaches of teaching students of language universities to write various genres.
Research methods. It is possible to overcome the above problems by relying on traditional and digital methods of teaching writing and speech skills, subsequently integrating digital technologies and open educational and reference resources into the learning process, using group, interactive forms of learning, as well as mutual and self-assessment.
Research results. The stages of formation of the digital educational environment, which is one of the conditions for successful digitalization of the process of teaching foreign languages, are analyzed. Several stages of integration of digital technologies and open educational resources in the process of learning are highlighted: the stages of replacement, reinforcement, modification, transformation. The traditional and innovative approaches to teaching writing and speech skills existing in domestic and foreign methods are considered, the classification of applications and digital platforms most frequently used by teachers of foreign languages depending on the stage of teaching writing is carried out, the didactic properties and functions of these applications and platforms contributing to the qualitative modification and transformation of the process of teaching writing at the university are analyzed.
Conclusions. Didactic properties and functions used in the learning process of applications, platforms and open educational resources contribute to: optimization of the entire process of developing the skills of creating written texts of any genre and style from conception to implementation, the formation of lexical, grammatical, spelling skills through their development and consolidation with the help of testing and voting applications for development; effective organization of independent students’ work, providing online access to the created text at any time; to increase motivation through the use of multimodal materials, open educational and reference resources, corpus data and concordances of foreign languages; the development of information and communication competence and soft skills of the 21st century among students.
Chatbot technology as a means of forming foreign language grammatical competence in self-study
Authors: Avramenko Anna P. , Akhmedova Aida S. , Bulanova Ekaterina R.
Published: June 2023

Importance. The necessity for greater personalization of learning is a significant feature of foreign language teaching for an adult audience. This need is due to the individual experience of adult learners, narrower learning needs and limited time resources. One of the ways to build individual trajectories is the technology of an automated chatbot, which can be implemented on the basis of the Telegram messenger. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of this method for the development of the grammatical competence of adult learners.
Materials and methods. Experimental methods were used with statistical processing of quantitative data, as well as questionnaires to collect qualitative data. The material of the study was the answers of the study participants, collected as part of the introductory and exit testing of grammatical skills in self-study.
Results and Discussion. The bot was tested on a group of 29 A2-B1 students who scored an average of 61,11 % correct on the pretest. After three weeks of using the bot, the average percentage of correct answers on the post-test of the group reached 72,22 %. The results were statistically significant (p = 0,003) and confirmed the effectiveness of the bot as a tool for improving grammatical competence.
Conclusion. The use of a chatbot has shown to be effective in developing the grammatical competence of adult learners. The data obtained can serve as a basis for the further development of similar tools aimed at developing a wider range of skills and abilities – lexical competence, listening or reading.
Psychological and pedagogical conditions for the development of students’ collocational competence based on corpora
Authors: Klochikhin Vitaliy V.
Published: June 2023

Importance. The development of linguistic students’ collocational competence is one of the main goals of foreign language teaching at a university. Corpora is one of the modern digital technologies that can be used to achieve this goal. However, there are a number of problems in the methods of collocational competence development based on corpora, the consideration of which will affect the effectiveness of the implementation of these teaching methods. The purpose of the study is to determine the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the effective collocational competence development based on corpora.
Research methods. On the basis of a theoretical analysis of the scientific and methodic literature and systematization of the conceptual approaches of researchers, psychological and pedagogical conditions were identified, with the help of a comparative analysis and synthesis of empirical data, the effectiveness of taking into account psychological and pedagogical conditions for the collocational competence development based on corpora was theoretically substantiated.
Results and Discussion. Psychological and pedagogical conditions for collocational competence development based on corpora are identified and substantiated, which must be taken into account when developing a methods for teaching collocations. These conditions include: a) motivation of students to develop collocation competence based on corpora; b) the development of information and communication technologies competence of a foreign language teacher; c) students’ foreign language proficiency at level B1; d) adherence to the identified stages of project activities.
Conclusions. The collocational competence development based on corpora should be carried out while following the entire complex of identified psychological and pedagogical conditions. The results obtained can be used to improve the effectiveness of collocation teaching methods based on corpora.
Expor o sagrado
Authors: Caffé Juliana , Gontijo Juliana
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo apresenta a pesquisa e trabalho curatorial desenvolvido para a exposição Kwá yepé turusú yuriri assojaba tupinambá: essa é a grande volta do manto tupinambá, realizada entre setembro e novembro de 2021 na Galeria Fayga Ostrower (Brasília, Distrito Federal) e na Casa da Lenha (Porto Seguro, Bahia). Nela, partimos da história dos mantos tupinambás para refletir sobre a retomada de sua produção por esse povo, o processo de dominação colonial e sua resistência. Além de questões sobre como expor objetos sagrados em exposições de arte contemporânea, o artigo traz reflexões sobre os desdobramentos da mostra em um ano marcado pelo acirramento da perseguição política aos povos originários do Brasil.
Developing instructional props to reinvent the area of parallelogram and triangle in online learning
Authors: Sarjana Ketut , Kertiyani Ni Made Intan , Hayati Laila , Baidowi Baidowi
Published: June 2023

[English]: For elementary school students who are still in the stage of concrete thinking, the concept of area in geometry is an abstract idea. In order to bridge the gap between concrete thinking and abstract thinking, teaching aids such as props are necessary. However, props are mostly used in face-to-face lessons, while the pandemic has forced learning to be conducted online. Employing the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), this study developed a prop and instructions for using it to help students understand the area of parallelograms and triangles for online learning. Data for this study were collected through observation, interviews, validation sheets, and tests. The tryout of the props involved 281 elementary school students. The result of the study shows that the developed teaching prop provides consistent results in different classes. In addition, this prop and its manual are also effective for online learning, so teachers can use them as alternatives to assist students in reinventing the formula of the area of parallelograms and triangles.
[Bahasa]: Konsep luas pada materi geometri matematika di sekolah dasar merupakan hal yang abstrak untuk peserta didik yang masih dalam tahap berpikir konkrit. Untuk menjembatani perbedaan tahap berpikir diperlukan alat bantu belajar seperti alat peraga dalam pembelajaran. Namun, alat peraga kebanyakan digunakan pada pembelajaran tatap muka, sementara pandemi menyebabkan pembelajaran harus dilakukan secara daring dari rumah. Penelitian ini mengembangkan alat peraga dan petunjuk penggunaannya untuk membantu peserta didik menentukan luas jajar genjang dan segitiga dalam pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini menggunakan model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Instrumen pengumpulan data terdiri dari lembar observasi, pedoman wawancara, lembar validasi dan tes pemahaman luas jajar genjang dan segitiga. Uji coba alat peraga melibatkan 281 siswa sekolah dasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa alat peraga yang dikembangkan memberikan hasil yang konsisten di berbagai level kelas. Selain itu, alat peraga dan petunjuk penggunaannya juga efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran daring sehingga dapat dijadikan referensi untuk membantu peserta didik dalam menemukan kembali rumus luas jajar genjang dan segitiga.
Biomechanical principles of a permanently durable abdominal wall reconstruction: current status and potential future development
Authors: Nessel Regine , Lesch Carolin , Vollmer Matthias , Kallinowsk Friedrich
Published: June 2023

The article reviews the biomechanical principles of durable abdominal wall reconstructions. The aim is to provide insights and conclusions for future research in this area. Incisional hernia repair implies the creation of a compound made of tissue, textile, and fixation elements. A pulse load bench test for incisional hernia repair has been available since 2014, and its influences are evaluated in three different versions of the test stand. Based on these evaluations, a biomechanical concept for long-term durable reconstructions was determined. To apply the concept to individual patients, computed tomography of the abdomen at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver was used. A load limit can be given for every patient based on the hernia defect area (CRIP- critical resistance to impacts related to pressure). By considering the mesh to defect area ratio, the retention strength of a planned reconstruction can be calculated (GRIP-gained resistance to impacts related to pressure). The gripping coefficients for tissues vary significantly, up to 18 fold. About half of the patients have overall tissue distensions up to 350% or more, with potential high regional variations. The surface retention forces for hernia meshes and for different sutures, tacks, and adhesives span a wide range of 14fold. Suturing a defect strengthens the reconstruction up to 3fold. Furthermore, recalculating data taken from multicentric randomized studies on primary sutures reveals that improved GRIP values are associated with reduced rates of incisional hernia. Repairing consecutive incisional hernias according to the GRIP concept results in no recurrence and low pain levels after one year. A future policy for market access of repair materials should include cyclic load bench testing. Moreover, a tailored approach to incisional hernia repair should take into account the biomechanical aspects involved.
Forecasting Population Mortality Rates Using Generalized Lee-Carter Model
Authors: Yudi Hartawan I Gusti Nyoman , Pujawan I Gusti Ngurah , Mardika Pranata Kadek , Jayanta Kadek
Published: June 2023

The demographic process cannot be inseparable from the mortality rate. The appropriate models for forecasting mortality rates are essential in assisting governments, companies, and other agencies in formulating policies or making decisions. As one of the countries with the highest death rate, Japan is influenced by several factors. This research uses the Generalized Lee-Carter Model), which is one of the developments of the Lee-Carter (LC) model. The Lee-Carter model was prevalent by Lee and Carter (1995) as an alternative that is suspected to predict the mortality rate of an area. The first step in this research is to formulate the Generalized Lee-Carter function. Through the function formula, the estimator value of the Generalized Lee-Carter model will be searched in the second stage. And the third stage, through the Generalized Lee-Carter model, will find the RMSE value and then use it in the fourth stage, namely forecasting the future period using ARIMA. The data in this study is facilitated through www.mortality.org, which is one of the Japanese population data. The result of the study showed that the RMSE value for females was 0.01670 and 0.016292 for males. So, it concluded that the Generalized Lee-Carter Model is great for forecasting mortality rates.
Modelling the language education at multicultural university environment
Authors: Lelushkina К. S.
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Subject of the article is relevant due to new educational trends caused by challenges of the time. The authors have repeatedly addressed the problems of communicative asymmetry and concretization of the content of teaching foreign language communication. The importance of the problem demands the necessity of further develop of theoretical and methodological aspects of teaching students foreign language communication in multicultural educational space.Purpose setting. The research is aimed at creating the universal model of teaching foreign spoken language in various spheres of communication. Creating of communication learning model in a multicultural university environment requires solving some conceptual and practical tasks.Methodology and methods of the study. Theoretical and empirical methods were used: comparative analysis of scientific literature on the research problem; generalization of pedagogical experience; diagnostic methods.Results. The result of the research is the development of invariant and variable components of the model of learning foreign language communication. The invariant part of the model includes the definite hierarchy of communicative skills. The author promotes a logically consistent scheme for the development of receptive and concretized expressive skills at each level of communicative competence. The variable part of the model is of vital significance. This is the content of training, which includes linguistic material and speech aids, subject matter, a corpus of diverse texts. The model involves samples of creative tasks in accordance with the stages of development of communicative skills, as well as methodological comments.Conclusion. Analyzing theory and pedagogical experience and actual practices author reveals perspectives of realization of the learning model that provides more flexible process and effective level of foreign language training of future specialists. The materials of research and the author»s learning model represented and by invariant and variable components can be used in the framework of academic work with the students of different directions of training. The results of the study may be applied in modernization of the language education at multicultural university.
Prevention of the extremism and terrorism among the youth of the Kirov region as an important sphere of educational activity of the Vyatka State Agrotechnological University
Authors: Kazakova O. A. , Stasyuk E. V.
Published: June 2023

Introduction. The group of young citizens is the most vulnerable to negative influences of radical movements and organizations associated with developing and spreading extremism and terrorism.Purpose setting. In this regard, required organization of preventive work to resist extremist manifestations and the threat of terrorism among the youth of the Kirov region.Methodology and methods of the study. To achieve the task at the first stage, the authors have studied the psychological and pedagogical, sociological literature on this problem. At the second stage, the program of multifaceted events among student youth of the city of Kirov and the Kirov region has been created to prevent the emergence of extremist manifestations.Results. In 2021, the university held more than 300 educational and cultural events aimed at developing youth»s rejection of the terrorism ideology and instilling in them traditional Russian spiritual and moral values. For this purpose more than 400 experts – representatives of religious and public organizations, figures of culture and art have been invited.Conclusions. The basic principles of organizing the preventive work by the university, the thoughtfulness of all the educational activities, interaction of the university management with various organizations of the Kirov region made it possible to create the favorable conditions for resisting extremism and terrorism among the youth.
HyperZ: Hyper Z-Tree Topology
Authors: Adda Mo Isaac
Published: June 2023

Multi-level direct networks fueled by the evolving technology of active optical cables and increasing pin-bandwidth achieve reduced diameters and cost, with high-radix switches. These networks, like Dragonfly, are becoming the preferred aspirants for extreme high-performance parallel machines such as exa-scale computing. In this paper, we introduce a Hyper Z-Tree topology, which deploys the Z-Tree, a variant of fat-tree, as a computing node of a Generalized Hypercube (GHC) configuration. The resulting configuration provides higher bisection bandwidth, lower latency for some applications and higher throughput. Furthermore, the levels of the fat tree offer several path diversities across the GHC dimensions, hence conceding a more fault tolerant architecture. To profit from these path diversities, we propose two adaptive routing algorithms, which are extensions to the routing algorithm suggested in HyperX topology. These two algorithms exhibit better latencies and throughput than the HyperX.
Inorganic Compounds Used in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Babarus Ioana , Lungu Ionut-Iulian , Diaconu Denisa Florina , Stefanache Alina
Published: June 2023

Cancer is the most feared disease, with more than 1.6 million cases each year. Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, from the uncontrollable growth and multiplication of damaged cells. Cancerous tumors can spread into the human body (a process called metastasis) as a solid form usually, but the cancers of blood generally do not. Cancer treatment includes chemotherapy, surgery and radiations. In this article we will address inorganic compounds as a source of treatment, diagnosis, carriers of active substances.
Utilising Low & High Moisture Extrusion Cooking for Valorising Soy Press Cakes to Develop Meat Analogues
Authors: Bali Aditya , Zabulionė Aelita , Kumar Shreya Pravin , Liudvinavičiūtė Dovilė , Pečiulytė Laura , Rutkaitė Ramunė , Ertbjerg Per , Šalaševičienė Alvija
Published: June 2023

This study investigates multiple extrusion regimens with twin screw extruder for valorising soy press cakes (by-products of soy drink & tofu manufacturing process) by varying physical conditions of extrusion (temperature and moisture content) for improving their morphological, physico-chemical, technological, and sensory parameters. Valorised soy press cakes were compared before and after extrusion. Four extrusion regimens (moisture content 30%-60% and temperature 110°C -120°C) were designed for producing different extruded samples. Small amounts (3%-6%) of untreated and extruded press cakes were utilised in the development of meat analogues. All samples showed comparable nutritional and trypsin inhibition activity with almost all samples possessing most essential amino acids above significant amounts. Press cakes with higher moisture indicated improved bulk density, water holding and oil holding capacity. Interestingly, the same samples also reportedly had texture more closely resembling native meat texture and scored the highest in overall sensory acceptance. Our results thus indicate that soy press cake samples from drink manufacturing process, when extruded with the regimen with 60% moisture and temperature of 120°C show the greatest potential in developing meat analogues.
Ecosystem Service Optimisation in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration Based on Land Use Structure Adjustment
Authors: Liu Min , Fan Jianpeng , Li Yuanzheng , Mao Qizheng
Published: June 2023

Based on multi-source remote sensing data, scenario analysis, and model simulation, the Pareto optimal solutions for water supply, water purification (N retention), and carbon storage and sequestration services under different scenarios were sought by adjusting its land use structure. The results showed that. In Scenario 1(S1), the water supply service needs to increase by 86.820 to 11.211 billion cubic metres, the water purification (N retention) service needs to decrease by 11,400 to 11,700 tons, and the carbon storage and sequestration service need to decrease by 2.070 to 2.487 billion tons. In Scenario 2(S2), the water supply service needs to increase by 8.243–10.666 billion cubic metres, the water purification (N retention) service needs to decrease by 11,300–1.10 million tons, and the carbon storage and sequestration service needs to decrease by 2.033 to 2.466 billion tons. In Scenario 3 (S3), the water supply service needs to increase by 7.832–11.437 billion cubic metres, the water purification (N retention) service needs to decrease by 1.16–10,800 tons, and the carbon storage and sequestration service needs to decrease by 19.220 to 2.380 billion tons. After land use optimisation and adjustment, the S3 ecological land structure is complete and consistent with the vision of ecological protection and urban development in the study area, which is the optimal scenario. After optimising the S3 ecosystem service supply pattern, the water supply, water purification (N retention), and carbon storage and sequestration services could connect the western and eastern ecosystem service supply areas, balance the overall ecosystem service supply pattern of the study area and meet the demand for ecosystem services. The results can guide regional land planning and ecosystem service management optimisation.
Acute Myocardial Infarction Due to Left Main Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock in a 36 Weeks Pregnant Woman: Which Comes First?
Authors: Izzo Paolo , Izzo Luciano , Meloni Paolo , Arioti Manfredi , Simari Terenzia , Sanchez Federico , Cascione Cristian , Montevecchi Andrea , Boccherini Chiara , Orsi Fausta , De Intinis Claudia , Izzo Sara
Published: June 2023

(1) Background: Acute myocardial infarction in pregnancy (pAMI) is a rare event, often caused by non-classical factors rather than atherosclerosis. The management of pAMI poses unique chal-lenges as it requires considering both maternal and fetal well-being.; (2) Methods: We present the case of a 36-week pregnant woman who presented with antero-lateral ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock. To ensure comprehensive decision-making, an emergency Pregnancy Heart Team meeting was convened, comprising interventional cardi-ologists, gynecologists, and anesthesiologists. The team prioritized interventional treatment for pAMI and opted for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to the unstable ma-ternal condition.; (3) Results: The patient underwent primary PCI as the chosen intervention for pAMI. A rapid response gynecology team closely monitored the procedure and was prepared to intervene in case of irreversible hemodynamic compromise leading to cardiac arrest. A caesarean section was deemed necessary if cardiac activity was not restored within 4 minutes.; (4) Conclusions: Managing pAMI requires a multidisciplinary approach that balances the maternal and fetal well-being. In this particular case, the Pregnancy Heart Team decided to prioritize interventional treatment with primary PCI due to the unstable maternal condition. The presence of a closely monitored gynecology team ensured prompt action in case of complications.
Dietary Supplementation with Popped Amaranth Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Low Height-for-Age Children: A Nonrandomized Pilot Trial
Authors: Calva-Cruz Oscar de Jesús , Ovando-Vázquez Cesaré , De-León-Rodríguez Antonio , Veana Fabiola , Espitia-Rangel Eduardo , Treviño Samuel , Barba-de-la-Rosa Ana Paulina
Published: June 2023

Popped amaranth is a nutritious food consumed since pre-Hispanic times, currently its consumption has been associated with recovery of malnourished children. However, there is no information on the impact that popped amaranth consumption has on gut microbiota composition. A non-randomized pilot trial was conducted to evaluate the changes on composition, structure, and function of gut microbiota of stunted children who received four grams of popped amaranth daily for three months. Stool and serum were collected at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Short-chain-fatty acids were quantified and gut bacterial composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Biome-try and hematology results showed that children have no other pathology more than to be low-height-for age. Increase of total SCFAs levels in feces was ob-served as well as a decrease in relative abundance of Alistipes putredinis, Bac-teroides coprocola, and Bacteroides stercoris, bacteria related with inflammation and colitis. On the contrary, an increase in relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Streptococcus thermophiles, bacteria associated with health and longevity, was observed. Results have proven that popped amaranth, a nutri-tious food, help to combat children malnutrition through gut microbiota modu-lation.
Progress in circRNA-Based Therapy in Experimental Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Titze-de-Almeida Simoneide Souza Souza , Titze-de-Almeida Ricardo
Published: June 2023

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNA molecules often circularized by backsplicing. Growing evidence implicates circRNAs in the underlying mechanisms of various diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (PD) - the first and second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Several circRNAs are associated with brain damage, including circSNCA, circHIPK2, circHIPK3, and circSLC8A1. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies on circRNAs have shed light on their roles in the pathobiology of various diseases. Gain-of-function approaches typically employ viral or non-viral vectors that hyperexpress RNA sequences capable of circularizing to form the specific circRNA under investigation. In contrast, loss-of-function studies utilize CRISPR/Cas systems, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), or RNAi techniques to knockdown the target circRNA. Given that aberrantly expressed circRNAs have been associated with brain pathologies, a critical question arises: could circRNAs serve as viable targets for neuroprotective treatments? Translating any oligonucleotide-based therapy, including those targeting circRNAs, involves developing adequate brain delivery systems, minimizing off-target effects, and addressing the high costs of treatment. Nonetheless, RNAi-based FDA-approved drugs have entered the market, and circRNAs have attracted significant attention and investment from major pharmaceutical companies. Spanning from bench to bedside, circRNAs present a vast opportunity in biotechnology for oligonucleotide-based therapies designed to slow or even halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Chiral Excitation of Exchange Spin Waves Using Gold Nanowire Grating
Authors: Temdie Loic , Castel Vincent , Reimann Timmy , Lindner Morris , Dubs Carsten , Pradhan Gyandeep , Solano Jose , Bernard Romain , Majjad Hicham , Henry Yves , Bailleul Matthieu , Vlaminck Vincent
Published: June 2023

We propose an experimental method for the unidirectional excitation of spin waves. By structuring Au nanowires arrays within a coplanar waveguide onto a thin yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film, we observe a chiral coupling between the excitation field geometry of the nanowires grating and several well-resolved propagating magnon modes. We report a propagating spin wave spectroscopy study with unprecedented spectral definition, wavelengths down to 130 nm and attenuation lengths well above the 100 μm over the 20 GHz frequency band. The proposed experiment paves the way for future non-reciprocal magnonic devices.
Atypical Hepatitis B Virus Serology Profile – HBsAg Posi-Tive/Anti-HBc Negative – in Hbv/HIV Coinfected Individuals in Botswana
Authors: Phinius Bonolo B. , Anderson Motswedi , Mokomane Margaret , Gobe Irene , Choga Wonderful T. , Ratsoma Tsholofelo , Phakedi Basetsana , Mpebe Gorata , Ditshwanelo Doreen , Musonda Rosemary , Makhema Joseph , Moyo Sikhulile , Gaseitsiwe Simani
Published: June 2023

: (1) Background: Hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) are a marker of hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure; hence a normal HBV serology profile is characterized by HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBc positivity. However atypical HBV serologies occur and we aimed to determine the prevalence of an atypical profile (HBsAg+/anti-HBc-) in a cohort of people with HIV-1 (PWH) in Botswana. (2) Methods: Plasma samples from an HIV-1 cohort in Botswana (2013-2018) were used. Samples were screened for HBsAg and anti-HBc. Next generation sequencing was done using the GridION platform. Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Chi-squared tests were used for comparison of continuous and categorical variables respectively. (3) Results: HBsAg+/anti-HBc- prevalence was 13.7% (95% CI 10.1 – 18.4) (36/263). HBsAg+/anti-HBc- participants were significantly younger (p<0.001), female (p=0.02), ART naïve (p=0.04) and had detectable HIV viral load (p=0.02). There were no mutational differences in sequences isolated from participants with HBsAg+/anti-HBc- versus those with HBsAg+/anti-HBc+ serology. (4) Conclusions: We report a high HBsAg+/anti-HBc– atypical serology profile prevalence among PWH in Botswana. We caution against HBV testing algorithms that consider only anti-HBc+ samples for HBsAg testing as they are likely to underestimate HBV prevalence. Studies to elucidate the mechanisms and implications of this profile are warranted.
Chromosomal Evolution of the Talpinae
Authors: Biltueva Larisa S , Vorobieva Nadezhda V , Lemskya Natalya A , Perelman Polina L. , Trifonov Vladimir A , Panov Victor V , Abramov Alexey V , Kawada Shin-ichiro , Serdukova Natalya A , Graphodatsky Alexandr S
Published: June 2023

In recent years, the number of mole species for which the species status has been confirmed using genetic methods has been continuously increasing. Unfortunately, cytogenetic analysis is not available for all species. Here, for the first time, a GTG-banded karyotype of the small-toothed mole from Vietnam, Euroscaptor parvidens, a representative of the eastern clade of the genus Euroscaptor, was described. Through comparative analysis of available Euroscaptor (E. parvidens, E. klossi, and E. malayana) and Oreoscaptor (O.mizura) karyotypes we find cytogenetic signatures. Zoo-FISH with sorted chromosomes of the Siberian mole Talpa altaica on chromosome sets of the small-toothed mole E. parvidens, the small Japanese mole M. imaizumii from the close genus Mogera and the Japanese shrew mole Urotrichus talpoides from the tribe Urotrichini made it possible to identify syntenic regions between species that diverged about 35 million years ago. The low rate of chromosomal changes within the species of the genus Talpa - T.altaica and T.europaea - and the high rate of karyotypic reshuffling within the Asian genera of the tribe were confirmed. The pericentric inversions on four pairs of autosomes are shared between the closely related genera Euroscaptor, Oreoscaptor, and Mogera, while many more apomorphic rearrangements have occurred in each lineage additionally. The highest rate of chromosomal changes was recorded in the lineage of the small-toothed mole.
Cell Biology of a Purple Sulfur Bacterium: Fluorescence Micros-Copy of Intracellular Sulfur Globules in Allochromatium vinosum
Authors: Kümpel Carolin , Grein Fabian , Dahl Christiane
Published: June 2023

When oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds, the phototrophic sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum forms spectacular sulfur globules as obligatory intracellular – but extracytoplasmic – intermediates. The globule envelope consists of three extremely hydrophobic proteins: SgpA and SgpB are very similar and can functionally replace each other. SgpC is involved in the expansion of the sulfur globules. The presence of a fourth protein, SgpD, has been suggested by comparative transcriptomics and proteomics of enriched sulfur globules. Here, we investigated the in vivo function of SgpD by coupling its carboxy-terminus to mCherry. This fluorescent protein requires oxygen for chromophore maturation, but we were able to use it in anaerobically growing A. vinosum provided the cells were exposed to oxygen for one hour prior to imaging. While mCherry lacking a signal peptide resulted in low fluorescence evenly distributed throughout the cell, fusion with SgpD carrying its original Sec-dependent signal peptide targeted mCherry to the periplasm and co-localized it exactly with the highly light-refractive sulfur deposits seen in sulfide-fed A. vinosum cells. Insertional inactivation of the sgpD gene showed that the protein is not essential for the formation and degradation of sulfur globules.
Effect of Shot Peening on the Strength and Corrosion Properties of EN AW 6082-T651 Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Ravnikar Dunja , Šturm Roman , Žagar Sebastjan
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the effect of shot peening on the strength and corrosion properties of EN AW 6082-T651 aluminium alloy. Surface roughness, microhardness, residual stresses and corrosion performance were investigated and compared with the untreated aluminium alloy. Cracks and delaminations in the surface layer can only be seen on the treated specimens at a working pressure of 4 bar and 8 bar, while no such effect was observed at a working pressure of 1.6 bar. The effect of dislocation densification was confirmed by the microhardness measurement of the hardened layer, where microhardness increased by up to 23 % compared to the untreated aluminium alloy. Shot peening also results in a deeper layer with higher compressive residual stresses compared to untreated specimens. With higher working pressure, surface roughness increases, which can promote localized pitting corrosion. However, all treated specimens improve the corrosion resistance and have a lower degree of anodic dissolution. The current density of the shot peened specimen with the lowest surface roughness was more than twice lower than that of the untreated specimen.
Vulnerability of Mantidactylus pauliani from Ankaratra PA facing habitat change
Authors: Oninjatovo Radonirina Herizo , Randriamahatantsoa Bernard , Nirhy Rabibisoa Harinelina Christian
Published: June 2023

Mountain summit in Madagascar have generally a specific habitat and that figure home a local endemicity of herpetofauna. Mantidactylus pauliani, a typically aquatic and critically endangered amphibian from Ankaratra Mountain, is among of them. This species inhabits high elevation with restricted distribution range. Our study highlights here a new data of this species and its viability with environmental change. So that, we carried out annual monitoring from 2018 to 2021. Nine fixed transects of 100 m were done along the streams between 1762 and 2378 m a.s.l. We followed the herpetofaunal standard technique for collecting data (systematic ecological niche searching and direct observation), and data analysis was performed using χ² tests and Fac-tor Correspondence Analysis. Here we present the new ecological data of M. pauliani. This spe-cies home between 1900 - 2378 m a.s.l. within the humid forest and savannah habitat. We noticed also a fluctuation in population size and migration to the upper throughout the years across the season, and the stream quality and volume of water variation. This habitat change makes it vul-nerable and the annual bushfire surrounding plays a negative impact. Knowledge and under-standing of its ecological guilds is needed for running and updating conservation activities