bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A COMPRESSOR UNIT FOR NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Vasyliev Mykhailo , Brunetkin Oleksandr ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University
Published: January 2021

First of all, such a topic as compressors for liquefaction of natural gas is unfortunately not very well studied. Therefore, this publication will present a detailed study of this object. First of all, the object itself will be considered, what it consists of, what its properties are, how natural gas liquefaction processes take place in it. So first you need to fully study the object itself, and only then proceed to build its mathematical model, which in the future can be used for more detailed analysis, first theoretically and then for practical purposes. This will achieve great results in the construction of an automatic control system for the compressor for liquefaction of natural gas. So, first the object itself will be studied, and only then, based on the acquired knowledge, we will build a mathematical model that will be needed in the future to develop an automatic control system. Of course, if you do not fully study all the properties of the object, such as the physical processes that take place there and the properties of the compressor. And having already put together all the available information, we can have a complete picture of this object. And from this information that has been collected, we can finally move on to the development of a more detailed mathematical model, which will be, albeit simplified, but still close to reality. Only then, already having this mathematical model, you can move on to a more detailed study in theory. And after conducting theoretical research, it is possible to check all the results of the study on a mathematical model, which will help to understand whether they are effective. Because it is more profitable to check theoretical information on a mathematical model than to do it on a real object. This can be costly, and in the case of an installation such as a natural gas liquefaction compressor, it is very expensive. And therefore this mathematical model will be appropriate. This model can be used in a more detailed study of this object because at the moment there is no holistic picture for the dagono object. It will also be possible to apply this model to find the necessary laws of regulation which will help to increase productivity of the compressor installation for liquefaction of natural gas. And this model will help to solve this question and to establish full-fledged work on studying of the given compressor installation.
EFFICIENCY OF COMPLEX USE OF AQUAAEROBICS AND HEALTH SWIMMING IN IMPROVING THE PHYSICAL CONDITION OF 18-19 YEAR STUDENTS
Authors:   Zaporizhzhya national University, Ivanskaya Elena
Published: January 2021

Only one person in ten can be called healthy, 60% have chronic diseases. A separate social problem is disability among the young population of Ukraine. Today there is an introduction into the system of physical education of students of higher education institutions of new programs of sectional classes with integrated use of aqua aerobics and health swimming, which are very popular among students and are characterized by a pronounced general health effect. We analyzed the scientific literature on this topic, tested general physical fitness, assessed the level of functional state of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, proposed an author's program of sectional classes with integrated use of aqua aerobics and swimming. The effectiveness of the program of sectional classes on recreational swimming on the general physical condition of students aged 18-19 years of the experiment was substantiated and the study of changes in physical performance, physical fitness, functional state of the cardiorespiratory system and physical health of girls of this age was studied. The author’s program of section classes is offered according to which the list of means of general physical training includes means of aqua aerobics with the corresponding redistribution of volume of hours on other means GFT (athletic gymnastics, step aerobics, cross-country running), the two-week submodules for increase of quality of operative control , developed a detailed scale of pulse regimes and special recovery complexes of physical exercises in aqua aerobics, and the theoretical section includes new materials on the impact of physical activity on the functional state of women, on methodological features of aqua aerobics, on new approaches to rapid assessment of current physical condition organism. It is proved that the introduction of an experimental program of sectional classes with the integrated use of aqua aerobics and recreational swimming in the system of physical education of students of higher education institutions contributed to a significant improvement of the physical condition of girls aged 18-19. The results obtained during the study convincingly testify to the positive results of sectional classes in swimming and aqua aerobics in students aged 18-19, there are some high changes in physical, functional fitness and physical health in general.
PRAGMATIC EFFECT OF HUMOR IN PUBLIC POLITICAL SPEECHES
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Marchenko Valentyna , Starkina Alina ,   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute»
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of communicative strategies and tactics of realization of pragmatic effect using humorous statements in English-language public political speech. Both verbal and non-verbal means of expressing humor are used to increase the impact on the audience. Expressive language means, in particular vocabulary aimed at humiliation and insult of the addressee, play an important role in the speech of politicians. Humor allows to manage the situation in political communication, creating a situation of misunderstanding, deliberately contributing to the wrong statement of the opponent, provoking an undesirable reaction of the audience. Communicative strategies in public speeches are common among political representatives when presenting their election campaign and delivering campaign speeches. This is due to the desire to influence society, the plans, values and consciousness of the audience, involving various techniques of manipulation. According to communicative situation speakers use certain type of strategies to achieve some goals in communication more efficient. Every strategy is realized in speech through communicative tactics, which implement various language techniques aimed to change opinions of the addressee about politicians. The most common strategy is aims to reduce the importance of a political opponent., embodying the implicit or explicit expression of a negative attitude towards the situation or person. Less common strategy used by politicians is focused on creating the opposite effect, when the manipulator gets the sympathy of the recipient through the creation of a positive image. The most expressive strategy is to give speeches vigor and spectacularness. Sarcasm is one of the means to express communicative tactic implicitly to achieve manipulative influence. The most effective tactics used by politicians are accusations, condemnation, insults, distancing, presentations, ‘friend or foe’ differentiations, appeal to emotions. The article includes detailed analysis of strategies and tactics that form the basis of pragmatic political speech in the examples of English public discourse.
GENDER FEATURES OF POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Rebenchak Sofiia
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the description of gender peculiarities in political discourse. In the recent decades the problems of the gender differentiation of speech have been developing rapidly, acquiring the priority importance in Ukrainian and foreign linguistics. The differences of male and female speeches aim to determine the degree of effectiveness of the impact of gendered approaches in political communication on male and female audiences. Men and women have been alleged to differ in every area of psychological functioning at one point or another, so language use is not an exception. Gender in politics is particularly interesting to study, as there is a tendency of increasing of the women’s number in political positions around the world in today's world. Gender is one of the most important individual-level attributes known to structure patterns of social connectivity in human social networks. We identify gender strategies as a factor in the realization of the language of the politician in mass media, identify and describe the speech strategies and tactics used by female politicians in the political media discourse. Exploring the gender pecularities of political interaction, we pay attention to the gender specifics of communication in general. Typological analysis of political speeches of Britain, American and Ukrainian politicians is made, their gender differences is proved, importance of gender component of modern political discourse is demonstrated. The official nature of political speeches and features of the socio-legal status of political leaders oblige them to comply with certain norms and rules of communicative behavior. Politicians must combine lexical, morphological and syntactic features of discourse to effect and inform listeners and in the same time not overload their speech, so that the speech does not seem difficult to understand, as well as devoid of any meaning. The female politicians were shown to be more formal, critical and task-focused, while the male politicians were more socially oriented and elaborative. While the female politicians worked on establishing themselves as independent politicians, the male politicians embraced their collective identities.
USING CONCORDANCE AND CORPORA TECHNOLOGIES TO RESEARCH THE CONCEPT OF HEALTH/HEALTH
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Shvaiber Denys , Romanyshyn Natalia ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the notion of concordance as a kind of dictionary of compatibility, which allows to analyze different contexts, to deduce shades of word meaning on their basis, to model semantic fields of correlated words in different languages. The aim of the article is to reveal the methodology of using the technologies of composing corpora of texts and concordances to build a nominative field of the concept HEALTH in English and Ukrainian media texts. The study was based on media texts on medicine, health and coronavirus in English and Ukrainian media texts (newspapers and magazines: USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, The Washington Post, Vysokyi zamok, Ukrainska pravda; online edition: www.bbc. com/ukrainian/, www.bbc. com/news, time.com/, www.nytimes.com/, www.who.int; Gazeta.ua, Holos Ameryky, Hromadskyi prostir, Ukrainskyi tyzhden, Yevropeiska pravda, Hromadske.ua, Ukraina moloda and others). It is illustrated how concordance reflects all cases of use of words in this or that text, corpora of texts; the keywords of the researched concept are searched and the frequency of their use is determined. The use of concordance and corpus technologies (works by A. McCarthy and R. Carter, O'Keefe) is usually associated in linguistics with the study of the semantics of language units based on the calculation of word frequency, keywords, cluster analysis, etc., lexical and grammatical profiles. Work of users with the case is carried out by means of the specialized software – case managers who provide various opportunities on reception of the necessary information from the case. Concordance programs are used in a variety of areas: language learning and learning, language data search and analysis, translation and language engineering, corpus linguistics, lexicography, content analysis in accounting, history, marketing, music, politics, geography, journalism, and more. With concordance, you can create indexes and glossaries, calculate the frequency of use of a word, compare different uses of the word, analyze keywords, find phrases and idioms, create a concordance of one author, and so on. The main task of the concordance is to display all cases of use of the word registered in some texts. The possibility of realization of lexical meaning in the text is demonstrated, which helps to determine the role of lexical unit in the formation of textual conceptual structure.
PECULIARITIES OF THE REPRODUCTION OF REALIA IN TRANSLATIONS OF MODERN ENGLISH PROSE (ON THE EXAMPLES OF THE NOVELS «WHITE TEETH» BY Z. SMITH AND «THE SELLOUT» BY P. BEATTY)
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Nahorniak Ivanna , Fedorenko Svitlana ,   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute»
Published: January 2021

The article, based on the elaboration of theoretical sources, clarifies the ways of reproduction of realia in translations of modern English prose. For the conduction of more detailed analysis, there were chosen 400 realia from novels «White Teeth» by the modern British author Z. Smith and «The Sellout» by the modern American writer P. Beatty. The peculiarities of the transfer of both the substantive meaning of realia and its connotation (national and historical coloration) are analyzed. The factors influencing the choice of the way of reproduction of realia are studied. It was found that the most common way to reproduce realia is transcription, due to the presence of a large number of geographical realia. Combined renomination took second place in terms of frequency of use in translations of the works «White Teeth» and «The Sellout». This is primarily due to the large proportion of polynomial realia, the reproduction of which requires the simultaneous application of different approaches, such as transcription, calquing, addition, extraction, situational equivalent, and assimilation method. The third most popular method in the novel «White Teeth» turned out to be transliteration, which often served to convey the meaning of realia that denoted geographical objects, and in the work “The Sellout” – calquing, which was used to reproduce the names of educational institutions, authorities, various organizations. Among the least common ways of reproducing realities in the works “White Teeth” and “The Sellout” were hyperonymic renaming, descriptive paraphrase, situational equivalent, method of assimilation and direct inclusion. The translation of the novel «White Teeth» also features a small number of examples of the use of transposition at the connotative level and extraction. The low prevalence of the above-mentioned methods can be explained by the risk of losing an important coloration of realia. In most cases, preference was given to those methods that helped to convey the meaning of realia as accurately as possible, and at the same time, helped to preserve the coloration of such national and cultural units.
CARTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE ACCURACY OF PLAN OF LVIV IN 1878
Authors:   Lviv Politechnic National University, Yurkiv Mariana , Holubinka Yuliia ,   Lviv Politechnic National University, Hoba Andrii ,   Lviv Politechnic National University
Published: January 2021

The article considers the topic about assessing the accuracy of the plan of Lviv in 1878, which was published by Artaria & Co in a separate sheet from the administrative map of the Austrian cartographer and engineer Karl Richter van Kummersberg. This cartographic work was compiled on the basis of the Second Military Topographic Survey conducted in the Austrian Empire during 1855-1863, and occupies an important place in the study of architectural and urban planning of Lviv in Austrian times, before the great construction changes of the XIX century. Analysis of the accuracy of the old plans of Lviv is an important aspect in the study of these works, which allows you to assess their geometric features and obtain valuable information about the methods of their creation and processing techniques. Thus, it makes it possible to compare the cartographic, documentary and semantic value of ancient plans. The accuracy assessment methodology is based on the transformation and geometric analysis of sets of identical points on the old plan and the reference. Sets of control points are used to bring two cartographic products into a common coordinate system. The Helmert transformation with four parameters is used for such transformation. Identical points should be distributed over the entire area, ideally evenly, so that the resulting transformation key has a global character. According to the transformation key, multiquadratic interpolation is performed to construct a continuous surface from discrete data. The results of the latter make it possible to graphically visualize the errors of the old plan in the form of displacement vectors, isolines of scale and rotation, which significantly speeds up and simplifies the study of the accuracy of the old plans. In addition, using the method of least squares a value that characterizes the positional accuracy of the ancient plan was obtained. All calculations and constructions were performed in the MapAnalyst software product. The presented technique can be used for similar research on other cartographic works, and the obtained numerical results and graphical visualizations - to compare old plans with each other.
ASSESSMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF THE ENTERPRISE IN THE MODERN CONDITIONS OF MANAGEMENT
Authors: Ganin Victor , Aliekpierov Ruslan ,   Kharkiv Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
Published: January 2021

The activity of enterprises in market conditions, increasing competition, the emergence of crisis situations and the growing number of bankruptcies require the provision of traditional methods and techniques of crisis management. For the integrity of the economic system of the enterprise is important to make economic decisions regarding the management of income and expenses, movement of assets, capital and cash flows, management of capital structure and other aspects of its activities. Managing financial stability is one of the most important tasks for business in today's economic environment. In the modern economic literature, much attention is paid to the analysis and management of financial stability, but there is no single methodological approach to the interpretation of the essence of the concept of "financial stability". Under the financial stability of the enterprise is understood the property of the enterprise, which is reflected in the interaction of external and internal factors that affect the achievement of financial balance and ability not only to maintain the proper level for some time, but also to function and develop. Today, one of the main problems of enterprises is the lack of a holistic strategy aimed at ensuring the sustainability of financial and economic activities of the enterprise and sustainable development in the future. The financial problems faced by enterprises are largely identical in their economic essence, and therefore their solution is possible with the help of universal tools and standard measures that form the mechanism for managing the financial stability of the enterprise. This article discusses the importance of financial stability in the activities of enterprises, also describes the main approaches to determining financial stability, in addition, this article contains some recommendations for strengthening and controlling the financial condition of the organization. The enterprise management system is considered, which allows to determine the main and auxiliary goals that characterize the level of its financial stability. As a result of the analysis the main factors influencing these categories of a financial condition of the enterprise have been defined.
PROBLEMS OF UNBALANCED STATE BUDGET OF UKRAINE: ANALYSIS OF OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE FACTORS OF BUDGET REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE
Authors:   Lviv Ivan Franko National University, Zahidna Oksana , Ignatyshyna Vasylyna ,   Lviv Ivan Franko National University, Skydan Uliana ,   Lviv Ivan Franko National University
Published: January 2021

A significant place in the social and economic development of each country belongs to the problems of the budget, because the budget belongs to the sphere of public life that directly affects the interests of all members of society. The budget of any country reflects the important economic, social and political problems of the state and each person in particular. At the same time, the successful solution of budget problems is possible only if a proper understanding of its essence, role and place in the system of economic relations. For any country, the state budget is the main link in the financial system. As part of this system, it combines the main financial categories: income and expenditure of the country, the tax system, public credit, public debt in their closest coexistence. The budget as a financial plan of public expenditures and sources of their coverage plays an important role in the activities of the state. It determines its capabilities and development priorities, its role and forms of implementation of the functions assigned to it. It is an effective regulator of that economy reflects the amount of financial resources required by the state, determines specific areas of use of funds, directs the financial activities of the state. The article analyzes and defines the essence of revenues and expenditures of the state budget. The state and dynamics of state budget revenues and budget expenditures are studied. A comparison of state budget revenues and expenditures was made and it was investigated that expenditures significantly exceed revenues, and therefore the state budget is in deficit. The factors of formation of revenues and expenditures of the state budget at the present stage are determined. The dynamics of GDP growth rates and state revenues are analyzed budget, as well as the impact of GDP on the state budget. The peculiarities of the influence of the foreign trade factor on the revenues and expenditures of the state budget are determined. The influence and shares of exports and imports in the state budget revenues are studied. The current problems of imbalance of the state budget and the causes of the state budget deficit are identified. Ways to balance revenues and expenditures at the present stage are proposed. The dynamics of indicators of export and import of Ukraine is analyzed. The problems of Ukraine 's foreign trade at the present stage are investigated and perspective directions of improvement of the existing state of the export – import policy of the state are determined.
CURRENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF SHARING ECONOMY
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Parsenyuk Vladlena , Pashchenko Olha ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
Published: January 2021

The sharing economy or collaborative economy is a new social economical system, the idea of which is based on the shared usage and shared access to resources, goods and services. Moreover, sharing economy includes their creation, production, distribution, trade and consumption by various people and organizations. The article highlights the problem of regulating the sharing economy, in particular, taxation, labor payment by sharing services and allocation of responsibilities between the participants of the sharing agreement and the platform. The markets of the USA, Europe and China were selected for analyzing current trends of the sharing economy`s development in the world. It is known that rent of apartments and transport are two the most developed areas of sharing. At the same time, the media and entertainment is the most credible sector among all other sharing services. During the research the features and advantages of the sharing economy were revealed, which are: access to a wider and better range of goods and services, reduction of their prices, the ability to earn additional income, saving time through automated rental processes, broadening the outlook and exchanging of experience, saving resources and protecting the environment. It is known that sharing companies are serious competitors of traditional service providers, because of using three models of business development at the same time – leadership strategy by expenditures, strategy of differentiation and focus strategy. Furthermore, the factors of dynamic development of sharing in the world were identified, the main of which is the rapid spread and usage of information technologies, as well as the growth of the world's population, increasing income inequality, the frequency of global financial, environmental and social crises, and increasing the cost`s volatility of natural resources. It is predicted further development and growth of sharing economy, which in 2025 will be comparable to the traditional economy in terms of total revenue. Based on this analysis, the trends of further development of the collaborative economy were justified – consolidation sharing platforms into large online sharing systems, changing the way of consumption, opening up new possibilities for business development and the emergence of new business projects, overcoming corruption, shift in awareness and the level of trust to sharing services, tougher competition and the increased role of the state as a regulator of sharing processes.
STATE BUDGET OF UKRAINE AND CURRENT PROBLEMS OF ITS FUNCTIONING
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Petyk Lyubov , Ihnatyshyna Vasylyna ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Skydan Uliana ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: January 2021

A significant place in the social and economic development of each country belongs to the problems of the budget, because the budget belongs to the sphere of public life that directly affects the interests of all members of society. The budget of any country reflects the important economic, social and political problems of the state and each person in particular. At the same time, the successful solution of budget problems is possible only if a proper understanding of its essence, role and place in the system of economic relations. For any country, the state budget is the main link in the financial system. As part of this system, it combines the main financial categories: income and expenditure of the country, the tax system, public credit, public debt in their closest coexistence. The budget as a financial plan of public expenditures and sources of their coverage plays an important role in the activities of the state. It determines its capabilities and development priorities, its role and forms of implementation of the functions assigned to it. It is an effective regulator of that economy reflects the amount of financial resources required by the state, determines specific areas of use of funds, directs the financial activities of the state. The peculiarity of the budget as a financial plan is that it has the force of law. The legislative nature of the budget provides appropriate conditions for monitoring the use of budget funds and strengthening its impact on the efficiency of social production. Financial imbalances as an objectively existing reality are an integral determinant of modern development, and the form of their manifestation is the crisis phenomena, which in retrospect of global development have repeatedly led to sovereign defaults. At the present stage in Ukraine the problem of analysis of factors and components of economic growth is quite acute in order to level the main macroeconomic imbalances and imbalances and stabilize further economic development. This article considers the main problems of imbalance of the state budget of Ukraine, analyzes the objective and subjective factors of revenue and expenditure of the State Budget of Ukraine. The essence of the concept of "state budget" is highlighted. The article examines the problems of imbalance of the state budget. The statistical data of expenditures and revenues of the state budget of Ukraine for 2019-2020 are analyzed. Ways to improve the balance of the state budget are proposed. It is considered that it is rather difficult to ensure equality of revenue and expenditure parts of the budget. It can be achieved if we constantly restrain the growth of government spending and establish a level of taxation in the country that will be sufficient to generate income to cover public needs. It is investigated that an important factor in the stability of the budget system is the balance of local budgets.
PROBLEMS OF COMMUNICATION OF STUDENTS OF HISTORICAL
Authors:   Lviv Ivan Franko National University, Bobko Larysa , Teruk Victoria ,   Lviv Ivan Franko National University
Published: January 2021

The article investigates the role of communicative competence in the formation of professional qualities of student youth, it identifies important problems of communication of students-future historians and outlines the search for ways to overcome them. The meaning of such concepts as «communication», «communion» and «communicative competence» is clarified. It is proved that communicative competence is an integral quality of the future historian's personality, because it synthesizes the general culture of communication and specific manifestations in professional activity, it requires a clear orientation in the professional situation and choosing the most effective means of communication. The leading activity of a history specialist is conducting scientific discussions, advising political and public figures and speaking in the media. Therefore, he must have literary speech, know language etiquette, rules of use of verbal and nonverbal means of communication, the peculiarities of their use in different situations, to be a speaker who has the techniques of correct, logical, convincing speech, which will further affect his prestige and competitiveness. It is noted that the serious shortcomings of the speech behaviour of most students – future historians are the inability to read, recite and pronounce a coherent textin public, to be engaged in conversation spontaneously and support it. Many future specialists neglect the Ukrainian literary language, preferring the mixed Russian-Ukrainian dialect. They easily switch to Russian in communication, feel insecure in class and seek for the right word in a particular communicative situation for a long time. The psychological aspect of communication plays a significant role. There are cases when young people, having meaningful information, are afraid to express it publicly, feel fear, indecision, when it is necessary to supplement, correct and make adjustments. Qualitative solution of these problems is possible under the condition of orientation of student’s activity on the deep knowledge of the Ukrainian literary language, rhetoric, communicative linguistics, as then the knowledge of a specialist with higher education will be systemic, and through the system it is possible to predict corresponding development of the activity of the future specialist.
FEATURES OF THE TEACHING METHODOLOGY OF CHURCH SINGING IN KYIV EPARCHY (XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY)
Authors:   Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Perepeliuk Olha
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the church press publications of the XIX – early XX century, which contains information about the methods of teaching church singing. It is shown, that church singing was an important subject of the students' curriculum of the parochial schools, the most common type of schools. It is noted, that Kyiv eparchy periodicals contain a number of publications on the importance of teaching church singing, on the church singing program for parochial schools, on the problems of training singing teachers, on manuals on singing lessons in primary schools. The magazine's publications about the methods of teaching church singing to students of public schools are analyzed in more detail. Especially, there are many notes on this topic, which are published in the magazine "Parochial School". The church periodical press is a very informative source for the study of primary schoolish in the second half of the XIX – early XX century. These publications contribute to the deepening study of church singing in general, in the cultural and educational role of the Orthodox Church. The identification and systematization of publications in the church periodicals of the Kyiv eparchy made it possible to show that the church and school administration paid close attention to teaching church singing. The press noted that the church singing has an irreparable religious and moral impact on the pupils' souls, since in general, in the form of church chants, children are more easily remember church truths and prayers. The church singing provides a sensual and emotional perception of worship. The peculiarities of the methodology of teaching children singing in parochial schools are highlighted: it is also described how the teacher taught the lesson, and what methods and techniques he used. The used teaching literature is indicated. The recommendations of the methodologists of the XIX - beginning of the XX century. The practical significance of this scientific research lies in contributions to the source expansion for the study of church schoolish and the role of the Church in the history and culture of Ukraine.
THE PROBLEM OF THE "DEFICIT OF DEMOCRACY" AND ITS OVERCOMING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Vovk Sofiia
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the approaches to the interpretation of the term "democracy deficit", which takes place in the modern European discourse of integration. It is concluded that in the framework of the first approach, the "deficit of democracy" is linked to the problem of the legitimacy of decisions taken by the "pan-European center". As part of the second with a number of distortions that are prone to a democratic form of government in developed democracies. The causes and conditions of the "democracy deficit" are considered. The peculiarities of legal instruments of citizens' influence on the functioning of the European Union and the problem of the "democracy deficit" at the present stage of its development are considered. The reasons and conditions of "deficit of democracy" emerged, ways of solving this problem were analyzed. The particularities of legal instruments of citizens’ influence on the functioning of European Union and the problem of «democratic deficit» at the modern stage of its development. It is emphasized in the article, that the problem of «democratic deficit» remains a key problem of the EU institutional system and EU decision-making. Legal amendments of the EU founding treaties were provided to minimize the problem of «democratic deficit». The most important changes were determined with the Lisbon Treaty, which fixed several effective legal remedies. For instance, the legislative power of the European Parliament as the unique legitimist institution elected directly by citizens was increased. Changes included the change in calculating such a majority to a new double majority based on in the principle of representation of citizens in the Council of Ministers. The Treaty of Lisbon expanded the role of Member States’ parliaments in the legislative processes of the EU by giving them a prior scrutiny of legislative proposals before the Council and the Parliament can take a position and some control powers. One of the major innovations introduced by the Lisbon Treaty and aims at involving citizens more closely in agenda-setting at EU level is the European citizens’ initiative. The specific character of the EU institutional system and lack of some legal mechanisms of citizens’ participation in the process of EU decision-making, similar to those of national level, demonstrates the existence of the problem of «democratic deficit». Nevertheless modern legislation of EU proves that there is no ground to make a conclusion about weakness of political scope of the European citizenship.
THEATRICAL LIFE IN CHINA
Authors:   National Music Academy of Ukraine named after P. Tchaikovsky, Antoshko Marina
Published: January 2021

Based on the study of the problem of Chinese theater and musical art of the country, the original culture of the people is revealed. The problem of studying the worldview system of ancient China as the basis for the emergence of musical tradition has interested many scholars, because it influenced the cultural life of the East. Philosophical views influenced both theatrical life and the musical art of the country. Thus, China's cultural traditions were based on ancient Chinese philosophies: Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Special attention was paid to education, especially aesthetics, in China. Music education played an important role in Chinese culture. Confucius emphasizes the comprehensive development of man, while emphasizing the morality of the individual. Thus, the theatrical art of China is distinguished by cultural unity and originality. Musical load played a big role. The Chinese worldview is based on the vision of nature as a living organism. The first sprouts of musical and theatrical art appear. XII-XIII centuries marked the birth of Chinese opera. Chinese theater was fully popular. The musical side of classical theater is characterized by an inseparable unity of sound, word and dance. The range of images, moods, techniques of acting is characterized by a certain type of melody, rhythm, composition of the orchestra. The subject of ancient theater and musical art of China is interesting and not fully studied, which necessitates further development in the study of this issue. Performing skills were subject to a system of vocal skills. Yes, important were: language, temperament, the nature of singing. The storyline has always been built on plots in which good always wins over evil. Thus, an optimistic mood in everything. Thus, Chinese opera singing synthesized the traditions of folk song and classical opera with European bel canto. It is also important to possess not only the voice but also the body. There were special schools that taught the culture of jumping, running, spinning wheels, and so on. Such theater groups have been involved in educating the skills needed for theater since childhood.
FORMATION OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE FOR CHILDREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Viala Anna , Denysiuk Olena ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University
Published: January 2021

The article explores the problems of motivating a healthy lifestyle of primary school children. The issue of a healthy lifestyle will always be relevant because it plays a key role in maintaining and promoting health. It is especially relevant for the younger generation, because it is our future. The work presents scientists who analyzed the theoretical and methodological principles of forming a healthy lifestyle for children, the formation of a healthy lifestyle from the standpoint of medicine, as well as psychological and pedagogical aspects of educating a healthy lifestyle for children. Selection of previously unsolved parts of the overall problem. The main material of the article states that a healthy lifestyle of children should start with a healthy example of parents and teachers, because they are the ones who lay the foundation for the children lifestyle. The ideological principles of a healthy lifestyle are described, namely: the idea of the priority of the value of health, the perception of health not only as the absence of disease, understanding of health in its four areas - mental, physical, social and spiritual. The criteria for forming a positive motivation for a healthy lifestyle in students are indicated, namely: at the level of physical health, at the level of mental health, at the level of spiritual health and at the level of social well-being. It is necessary to pay special attention when choosing a strategy for the formation of a healthy lifestyle in primary school age, to: psychological and psychophysical characteristics and rely on the area of actual development of the child to work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle was successful. To be more effective in creating motivation for a healthy lifestyle, parents and educators must remember that there must be a systematic approach that includes methods that are comprehensively aimed at implementing a healthy lifestyle. The article presents the most common methods of forming motivation for a healthy lifestyle both in school and in distance learning. The most effective methods in working with primary school children are active methods, as younger students are very active and like to move a lot.
DIDACTIC CAPABILITIES OF USING GEOBOARD INTERNET SERVICE FOR STUDYING MATHEMATICS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors:   Borys Hrinchenko University of Kyiv, Romanenko Lyudmyla , Romanenko Kateryna ,   Borys Hrinchenko University of Kyiv, Ventseslavska Anastasia ,   Borys Hrinchenko University of Kyiv
Published: January 2021

The present article deals with the idea of information and communication technologies, game technologies and is about basic possibilities of using GEOBOARD Internet service for studying Mathematics in elementary school. The scientific approaches to the concept of information and communication technologies, game technologies are described and the potential possibilities of using the GEOBOARD Internet service in elementary education as an option of educational technologies, the influence of the GEOBOARD Internet service on the development of primary school students, advantages and directions of application are analyzed. The important aspect of using GEOBOARD Internet service is the ability to use it both from a personal computer and a Google Chrome web page. Also, users can download the app from the App Store to work with Apple products. The peculiarities of using GEOBOARD Internet service on mathematics lessons are systematization of material, strict logic, the interdisciplinary nature of the service, the learning process systematization, mastering the basics of spatial imagination, mathematical knowledge usage in solving educational, cognitive and educational and practical problems and depiction of geometric shapes. The use of the GEOBOARD Internet service in mathematics lessons promotes the complex development of elementary school children; the formation of a holistic picture of the world, knowledge of the world; the development of constructive skills, spatial relations and spatial thinking, vision of geometric figures, numbers, arithmetic, etc. Working with the GEOBOARD Internet service application allows an elementary school student to learn a lot of important information, prepares students for further study of the geometry course at school and develops their skills of being a socially active, creative person who generates new ideas and makes non-standard decisions. And it all happens in the form of a cognitive game. The GEOBOARD Internet service that is made by The Math Learning Center (MLC) has a wide range of functional and didactic capabilities and will fully meet the needs of elementary school teachers to cover many topics in mathematics lessons. The visualization allows elementary school students to summarize, systematize and discard redundant information just playing a game, so this is the way to improve the educational process. The service is important because it actively involves elementary school students in the process of learning geometric material.
CULTUROLOGICAL DIRECTION OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEATHERS
Authors:   National University ", Ushakova Liudmyla ,   Сhernihiv Collegium"
Published: January 2021

The culturological direction of professional training of future foreign languages teachers as one of pedagogical conditions of formation of linguoculturological competence is considered and substantiated. The culturological direction of professional training of future teachers is focused on the priority of the role of culture in human life, especially in education. The education system is considered as a social institution for the development of individuality as a subject of culture. Given that culture is an individually mastered spiritual values, the purpose of education is to create a person as an individuality: the development of his spiritual strength, abilities, needs, education of morally responsible and socially adapted person. Thus the content of education is culture, and the way to introduce such content in the professional education of future foreign languages teachers in particular is a culturological approach, which involves close interaction of language and culture, namely language awareness as a cultural phenomenon and promotes intercultural consciousness. The linguistic personality is the bearer not only of spiritual, but also of national and cultural values, which form the central part of the national picture of the world, having different ways of linguistic expression. Consciousness is the acquired quality of personality and social system of knowledge, fixed in the language. Therefore language as a cultural phenomenon in such case appears as the means of forming the consciousness and mentality of the linguistic personality, as well as an indicator of the level of its formation. Multicultural consciousness is the ability of the person to perceive, understand and comprehend the phenomena of the multicultural world that based on self-awareness of the subject of culture through the unity of representations and knowledge about the peculiarity of cultures, systems of their values, necessary for interaction with representatives of other nationalities, solving professional problems in terms of intercultural interaction relying on cooperation and tolerant behavior. The essence of culturological direction in the professional training of future foreign languages teachers is close to the essence of linguoculturilogical competence, which is based on the relationship of language as a cultural phenomenon and linguistic personality as a representative of culture, and therefore a certain national consciousness. This can along with other pedagogical conditions ensure the success of the formation of linguoculturilogical competence of future foreign language teachers.