bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sila‐Haloperidol, a Silicon Analogue of the Dopamine (D2) Receptor Antagonist Haloperidol: Synthesis, Pharmacological Properties, and Metabolic Fate
Authors: Tacke Reinhold , Popp Friedrich , Müller Barbara , Theis Bastian , Burschka Christian , Hamacher Alexandra , Kassack Matthias U. , Schepmann Dirk , Wünsch Bernhard , Jurva Ulrik , Wellner Eric
Published: November 2007

Haloperidol (1 a), a dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist, is in clinical use as an antipsychotic agent. Carbon/silicon exchange (sila‐substitution) at the 4‐position of the piperidine ring of1 a(R3COH → R3SiOH) leads to sila‐haloperidol (1 b). Sila‐haloperidol was synthesized in a new multistep synthesis, starting from tetramethoxysilane and taking advantage of the properties of the 2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenyl unit as a unique protecting group for silicon. The pharmacological profiles of the C/Si analogues1 aand1 bwere studied in competitive receptor binding assays at D1–D5,σ1, and σ2receptors. Sila‐haloperidol (1 b) exhibits significantly different receptor subtype selectivities from haloperidol (1 a) at both receptor families. The C/Si analogues1 aand1 bwere also studied for 1) their physicochemical properties (log D, pKa, solubility in HBSS buffer (pH 7.4)), 2) their permeability in a human Caco‐2 model, 3) their pharmacokinetic profiles in human and rat liver microsomes, and 4) their inhibition of the five major cytochrome P450 isoforms. In addition, the major in vitro metabolites of sila‐haloperidol (1 b) in human liver microsomes were identified using mass‐spectrometric techniques. Due to the special chemical properties of silicon, the metabolic fates of the C/Si analogues1 aand1 bare totally different.
Osteopontin as a molecular prognostic marker for melanoma
Authors: Rangel Javier , Nosrati Mehdi , Torabian Sima , Shaikh Ladan , Leong Stanley P. L. , Haqq Chris , Miller James R. , Sagebiel Richard W. , Kashani‐Sabet Mohammed
Published: November 2007

BACKGROUND.

Osteopontin has been suggested as a marker of disease progression in patients with melanoma because of its overexpression in recent microarray analyses. However, its prognostic role in melanoma has not been fully defined.

METHODS.

Osteopontin expression status was examined using immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray that contained primary cutaneous melanomas from 345 patients. The correlation between osteopontin expression and several histologic markers for melanoma was assessed by using the Chi‐square test and the Le directional test. The impact of osteopontin expression on recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) of patients with melanoma was examined using Cox regression and Kaplan‐Meier analyses. The impact of increasing osteopontin expression on sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis was assessed using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS.

High osteopontin expression was associated with increased tumor thickness (P = .037), Clark level (P = .035), and mitotic index (P = .046). Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated an association between osteopontin expression and reduced RFS (P < .03) and DSS (P = .05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that high osteopontin immunostaining had an independent impact on the DSS of this melanoma cohort (P = .049). In addition, osteopontin expression was significantly predictive of SLN metastasis (P = .009) and SLN burden, as assessed by the mean number of SLN metastases (P = .0025). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated an independent role for osteopontin expression in predicting SLN status (P = .0062).

CONCLUSIONS.

The current results validated the role of osteopontin as an independent prognostic marker for melanoma and provided new evidence for its predictive role in melanoma lymph node metastasis. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Projections from the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus to the forebrain, with special emphasis on the extended amygdala
Authors: Li Sa , Kirouac Gilbert J.
Published: November 2007

The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is part of a group of midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei implicated in arousal and attention. This study examined the connections between the PVT and the forebrain by using the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B (CTb) and the anterograde tracer biotin dextran amine (BDA). The anterior and posterior regions of the PVT were found to send a dense projection to the nucleus accumbens. The posterior PVT was also found to provide a strong projection to the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (IPAC), and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), regions associated with the extended amygdala. In contrast, the anterior PVT was found to send a weaker projection to the extended amygdala. The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex were found to receive a relatively weak projection from the PVT, and other regions of the BST and amygdala were found to be poorly innervated by the PVT. In addition, the PVT was found to innervate regions in the extended amygdala that contained corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) neurons, many of which were found to receive apparent contacts from PVT fibers. The projection from the PVT to the nucleus accumbens and extended amygdala places the PVT in a key anatomical position to influence adaptive behaviors as well as the physiological and neuroendocrine responses associated with these behaviors. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:263–287, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Striatal projections of the vagal‐responsive region of the thalamic parafascicular nucleus in macaque monkeys
Authors: Ito S. , Craig A.D. (BUD)
Published: November 2007

We recently reported that the thalamic parafascicular nucleus (Pf) in monkeys is strongly activated by vagus nerve afferents. The main forebrain target of Pf is the striatum, but the specific striatal regions receiving visceral input via this pathway are unknown. We examined the projections of this region by injecting anterograde tracers into the vagus evoked potential (VEP) focus in Pf of macaque monkeys. The VEP was strongest lateral and anterior to the habenulointerpeduncular tract, but it was distributed across the entire horizontal extent of the ventral half of Pf. All injections produced labeled terminals in the caudate (Cd), especially the Cd tail and the adjacent ventral posterior Pu. Terminations occurred throughout the Cd head and body but spared the most anterior and dorsolateral parts. Injections in more anterior and lateral portions of Pf produced progressively more terminations in Pu, mainly in the precommissural region and the medial aspect of posterior Pu. Dual injections of different tracers revealed overlapping projections with interdigitated strands of striatal terminations from separate regions of Pf as well as the posteromedial to anterolateral topographic gradient of increasing Pf projections to Pu. An injection in the most anteromedial portion of Pf produced strong labeling in the ventral striatum. Thus, Pf transmits viscerosensory information to the “associative” and “limbic” territories of the striatum. These findings suggest the broad involvement of homeostatic afferent activity in striatal function and perhaps a role for the striatum in autonomic function. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:301–327, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonic and postnatal development of microglial cells in the mouse retina
Authors: Santos Ana M. , Calvente Ruth , Tassi Mohamed , Carrasco Maria‐Carmen , Martín‐Oliva David , Marín‐Teva José L. , Navascués Julio , Cuadros Miguel A.
Published: November 2007

Macrophage/microglial cells in the mouse retina during embryonic and postnatal development were studied by immunocytochemistry with Iba1, F4/80, anti‐CD45, and anti‐CD68 antibodies and by tomato lectin histochemistry. These cells were already present in the retina of embryos aged 11.5 days (E11.5) in association with cell death. At E12.5 some macrophage/microglial cells also appeared in peripheral regions of the retina with no apparent relationship with cell death. Immediately before birth microglial cells were present in the neuroblastic, inner plexiform (IPL), and ganglion cell (GCL) layers, and their distribution suggested that they entered the retina from the ciliary margin and the vitreous. The density of retinal microglial cells strongly decreased at birth, increased during the first postnatal week as a consequence of the entry of microglial precursors into the retina from the vitreous, and subsequently decreased owing to the cessation of microglial entry and the increase in retina size. The mature topographical distribution pattern of microglia emerged during postnatal development of the retina, apparently by radial migration of microglial cells from the vitreal surface in a vitreal‐to‐scleral direction. Whereas microglial cells were only seen in the GCL and IPL at birth, they progressively appeared in more scleral layers at increasing postnatal ages. Thus, microglial cells were present within all layers of the retina except the outer nuclear layer at the beginning of the second postnatal week. Once microglial cells reached their definitive location, they progressively ramified. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:224–239, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deletion of voltage‐gated channel affects glomerular refinement and odorant receptor expression in the mouse olfactory system
Authors: Biju K.C. , Marks David Ronald , Mast Thomas Gerald , Fadool Debra Ann
Published: November 2007

Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing a specific odorant receptor (OR) gene send axonal projections to specific glomeruli, creating a stereotypic olfactory sensory map. Odorant receptor sequence, G‐protein cAMP signaling, and axon guidance molecules have been shown to direct axons of OSNs toward central targets in the olfactory bulb (OB). Although the OR sequence may act as one determinant, our objective was to elucidate the extent by which voltage‐dependent activity of postsynaptic projection neurons in the OB centrally influences peripheral development and target destination of OSNs. We bred OR‐tagged transgenic mice to homozygosity with mice that had a gene‐targeted deletion of the Shaker potassium ion channel (Kv1.3) to elucidate how activity modulates synaptic connections that formulate the sensory map. Here we report that the Kv1.3 ion channel, which is predominantly expressed in mitral cells and whose gene‐targeted deletion causes a “super‐smeller” phenotype, alters synaptic refinement of axonal projections from OSNs expressing P2, M72, and MOR28 ORs. Absence of Kv1.3 voltage‐gated activity caused the formation of small, heterogeneous, and supernumerary glomeruli that failed to undergo neural pruning over development. These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of P2‐, M72‐, and MOR28‐expressing OSNs, which contained an overexpression of OR protein and G‐protein Golf in the cilia of the olfactory epithelium. These findings suggest that voltage‐gated activity of projection neurons is essential to refine primary olfactory projections and that it regulates proper expression of the transduction machinery at the periphery. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:161–179, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solution strategies for coupled conduction/radiation problems
Authors: Hogan R. E. , Gartling D. K.
Published: November 2007

Solution strategies and algorithms for solving coupled systems of equations that arise from the finite element formulation of heat conduction and enclosure radiation problems are presented and evaluated. Solution methods that vary from sequential equation processing to fully coupled procedures are tested for convergence, robustness and computational efficiency, in both transient and time‐independent modeling situations. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computation of stress intensity factors for through cracks in plates using p‐version finite element method
Authors: Munaswamy K. , Pullela Ramalakshmi
Published: November 2007

The present study concerns the analysis of bending of plates and shells subjected to various boundary conditions and load. Bending stress intensity factors for plates containing through‐thickness crack under edge bending load are evaluated. To accomplish this task, hierarchical degenerated plate/shell and crack‐tip singular plate/shell elements were developed.

The hierarchical degenerated plate shell element has four corner nodes, four mid‐side nodes and one central node on the mid‐surface of the shell geometry with five degrees of freedom at each node. p‐Version shape functions up to order seven were used for defining the displacement field. Enriching the displacement field with the asymptotic displacement field near the crack tip, a crack‐tip singular plate/shell element was developed. Some benchmark problems were analyzed and compared. Analyses were performed to obtain the stress intensity factors of plate with through‐thickness crack using singular hierarchical degenerated plate/shell element around the crack tip. Numerical results obtained from the present element formulations are compared with analytical/numerical solutions available from literature. It is inferred that numerical results are in good agreement with the benchmark plate and shell problems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Redox Kinetics of Ceria‐Based Mixed Oxides in Selective Hydrogen Combustion
Authors: Blank Jan Hendrik , Beckers Jurriaan , Collignon Paul F. , Rothenberg Gadi
Published: November 2007

Ceria‐based mixed oxides, in which about 10 mol % of the cerium is replaced by another metal, catalyze the selective combustion of hydrogen from a mixture of hydrogen, propane, and propene at 550 °C. This makes them attractive catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. Hydrogen combustion shifts the equilibrium to the products side, supplies energy for the endothermic dehydrogenation, and simplifies product separation. The type of metal added has an important effect on the catalytic properties. To gain insight into the process, a set consisting of six mixed oxides was synthesized and the catalytic properties and redox behavior were tested. The mixed oxides generally release more oxygen than plain ceria. Mixed oxides containing Bi, Cu, Fe, Pd or Ca release between 1.6 and 2.0 mg of oxygen per 100 mg sample (compared to only 1.2 mg for plain ceria). This result is important for reactions in which the catalyst acts as an oxygen reservoir, such as selective hydrogen combustion. The temperature at which oxygen is released is generally lower for the mixed oxides, and varies from 110 °C (for Cu‐CeO2) to 550 °C (for Ca‐CeO2), which enables catalytic applications over a wide temperature range. The reduction rate at 550 °C is related to the reduction onset of the catalysts. Those catalysts with a relatively low reduction temperature, such as Cu‐, Mn‐, Bi‐, and Pb‐CeO2, show a high reduction rate, whereas those with a high reduction temperature, such as Ca‐CeO2, Fe‐CeO2, and plain ceria, reduce at a slower rate. The latter catalysts also have a low selectivity towards hydrogen combustion. The influence of the catalyst composition and crystallite size on the activity and selectivity is discussed.
From nature to nurture, and back again
Authors: Miller David B.
Published: November 2007

Gilbert Gottlieb's developmental theory views organismic development as a multilevel system involving ongoing transactions among different levels of organization. Here, I review his conception of development as it has been influenced historically and has guided several lines of empirical inquiry focusing on auditory communication in birds. Ecological factors are considered an important means of identifying possible nonlinear (i.e., subtle or nonobvious) forms of experience that play a significant role in species‐typical development. Failure to consider such nonlinearities, along with obvious linear influences, undermines the developmental point of view that Gottlieb advocated as a means of teasing apart the intricate nature of organismic development. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 770–779, 2007.
The dynamics of development and evolution: Insights from behavioral embryology
Authors: Lickliter Robert
Published: November 2007

The perspective that features of species‐typical behavior could be traced to experience that occurred prenatally was raised by Zing‐Yang Kuo [1921Journal of Philosophy 18: 645–664] early in the last century and Gilbert Gottlieb subsequently elaborated on and provided empirical support for this idea over the course of more than four decades of innovative psychobiological research. Although we are still a long way from fully understanding the specific pathways and processes by which prenatal experience can influence postnatal development, Gottlieb's research with precocial birds provided significant insights into the conditions and experiences of prenatal development involved in the achievement of species‐typical perception and behavior. In particular, his elegant series of studies on the development of species identification in ducklings documented how the features and patterns of recurring prenatal sensory experience (including self‐stimulation) guide and constrain the young individual's selective attention, perception, learning, and memory during both prenatal and postnatal periods. I review how this body of research supports the view that the structure and functions of the developing organism and its developmental ecology together form a relationship of mutual influence on the emergence, maintenance, and transformation of species‐typical behavior. I also explore how Gottlieb's empirical demonstrations of the prenatal roots of so‐called “instinctive” behavior provided a foundation for his conceptual efforts to define the links between developmental and evolutionary change. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 749–757, 2007.
Gilbert Gottlieb: Intermediator between psychology and evolutionary biology
Authors: Rosenblatt Jay S.
Published: November 2007

This article describes and evaluates Gilbert Gottlieb's role as an intermediator between psychology and evolutionary biology. He proposed that altered developmental conditions gave rise to new behavioral phenotypes (behavioral neophenotypes) that could provide the basis for initiating speciation. As an example, Gottlieb cited sympatric speciation of two species of fruit flies (Rhageletis pomella), which he believed was based on an ontogenetic shift in pupal feeding on apples or hawthorn fruit which determined their adult selection of apple or hawthorn trees for ovipositing. Recent evidence has provided additional links in the process of speciation of these fruit flies. Unlike other efforts to incorporate evolution in psychology, Gottlieb's theoretical contribution was based on actual evolutionary processes including recent developments in the field of evo‐devo. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 800–807, 2007.
Gilbert Gottlieb's theory of probabilistic epigenesis: Probabilities and realities in development
Authors: Valsiner Jaan
Published: November 2007

Gilbert Gottlieb's theory of probabilistic epigenesis is a fertile ground for further theoretical construction in developmental science. It fills in the gap in the domineering empiricism and honoring of inductive generalization that dominates psychology in the beginning of the 21st century, by offering a basic deductive framework for guiding the efforts of developmental science. It was based on a program of careful experimental investigations of the early avian ontogenies—later to be generalized to the developmental processes as a generic phenomenon. Further development of his theory takes the form of (a) explicating the different meanings of probabilism in his model, and (b) extending his multi‐level system to include psychological and social levels of organization. Gottlieb's contribution allows for a new synthesis of contemporary epigenetics and developmental science, and sets up major challenges for the methodology of research on development. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 832–840, 2007.
The innate and the acquired: Useful clusters or a residual distinction from folk biology?
Authors: Bateson Patrick , Mameli Matteo
Published: November 2007

The idea of the innate and the acquired is a part of folk‐biology but is also used by biologists, psychologists and cognitive scientists in their disciplines. Are they right to do so? Innateness is often defined by appealing to the role of genes in development, to the role of Darwinian evolution in shaping developmental processes, to the non‐involvement of learning during development, to developmental robustness, and to modularity. We argue that all such definitions are unsatisfactory. Some are unsatisfactory because they are based on simplistic and empirically outmoded views of development. Others are empirically defensible but are unsatisfactory because they do not capture the full breadth of the use of the term “innate” and, due to this restriction, they can easily lead to inferential mistakes. The definition of acquired behavior has been used with greater sophistication and is generally regarded as being heterogeneous. Nevertheless, in as much as the overall category has been seen in opposition to the innate, it has been an obstacle to a thorough investigation of how behavior develops. We suggest that a useful way forward is to examine whether or not the empirically well‐established properties often associated with the concept of innate and the concept of acquired form theoretically useful clusters. This path leads to a much fuller appreciation of the view favored by Gilbert Gottlieb, according to which development involves the continuous interplay of the organism (and its genes) with its environment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 818–831, 2007.
Adult glial precursor proliferation in mutant SOD1G93A mice
Authors: Magnus Tim , Carmen Jessica , Deleon Jessica , Xue Haipeng , Pardo Andrea C. , Lepore Angelo C. , Mattson Mark P. , Rao Mahendra S. , Maragakis Nicholas J.
Published: November 2007

The focus of most neurodegenerative disease studies has been on neuronal death in particular subpopulations of the central nervous system. The associated response of glial populations has been ascribed the term “reactive astrocytosis.” This has been defined as the proliferation of astrocytes accompanied by cellular hypertrophy and changes in gene expression following injury to the central nervous system. Yet the significance of that response to disease course is debated. In both human ALS and in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS, reactive astrocytosis is a hallmark of the disease—particularly at endstage. The brain also harbors immature progenitors which have the capacity for differentiation into both glial and neuronal lineages. We examined whether glial progenitors in the adult spinal cord of SOD1G93A mice become activated and contribute the astroglial response observed in this model. We found that the glial progenitor proteoglycan NG2 is increased in parallel with GFAP during the symptomatic phase of the disease and that there is a differential in vitro response of SOD1G93A glial progenitors to inflammatory cytokines when compared to wildtype mouse glial progenitors. This response was accompanied by the proliferation of glial progenitors but not mature GFAP+ astrocytes, through the translocation of the transcription factor Olig2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm—resulting in astrocyte differentiation. These data suggest that adult glial progenitors from SOD1G93A mice differentially respond to inflammatory cytokines and contribute to the observed reactive astrocytosis observed in SOD1G93A mouse lumbar spinal cord. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma with multiple integration of HTLV‐1 provirus presenting as an isolated paranasal sinus tumor: A case report
Authors: Nagasaki Akitoshi , Miyagi Takashi , Taira Tamiko , Shinhama Akihiko , Kojya Shizuo , Suzuki Mikio , Aonahata Miyuki , Yoshimi Naoki , Takasu Nobuyuki
Published: November 2007

Background.

Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a highly aggressive T‐cell lymphoma and etiologically associated with human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1). Patients with ATLL commonly present with leukemic changes, systemic lymphadenopathy, and/or extranodal lesion and have very poor prognosis.

Methods and Results.

We describe a rare case of ATLL presenting as an isolated paranasal mass. Southern blot analysis of the biopsied specimens demonstrated multiple integration bands of HTLV‐1 provirus of different intensities. Chemotherapy resulted in complete resolution of the paranasal mass. Thereafter, the patient showed an indolent clinical course with leukemic changes and pulmonary and cutaneous ATLL lesions and remains alive more than 5 years from diagnosis.

Conclusion.

ATLL should be included in the differential diagnosis of sinonasal lymphoma, although the event is rare. Multiple HTLV‐1 provirus integrations of different intensities may be indicative of good prognosis for ATLL. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Experience of palliative care for patients with head and neck cancer through the eyes of next of kin
Authors: Ledeboer Quirine C. P. , Offerman Marinella P. J. , van der Velden Lilly‐Ann , de Boer Maarten F. , Pruyn Jean F. A.
Published: November 2007

Background.

Little is known about how palliative care is experienced by patients with head and neck cancer and their relatives. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze this care from the point of view of surviving relatives.

Methods.

Fifty‐five surviving relatives of patients with head and neck cancer treated at our department were enrolled in this study. Forty‐five returned a completed questionnaire.

Results.

Medical treatment during the palliative stage was judged as sufficient in most cases, but was often felt to be intrusive. The majority of patients had more need for psychosocial and physical support. Contact between head and neck surgeon and patient was sufficient. Many relatives found information about the terminal stage unsatisfactory.

Conclusion.

Not all aspects of palliative care for head and neck patients are sufficient, and improvements are, in our setting, necessary, specifically within the psychosocial field. This supports the initiation of our Expert Center to improve quality of life in the palliative stage. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Prospective study of 18FDG‐PET in the detection and management of patients with lymph node metastases to the neck from an unknown primary tumor. Results from the DAHANCA‐13 study
Authors: Johansen Jørgen , Buus Simon , Loft Annika , Keiding Susanne , Overgaard Marie , Hansen Hanne Sand , Grau Cai , Bundgaard Troels , Kirkegaard Jørgen , Overgaard Jens
Published: November 2007

Background.

The benefit of a complementary fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) scan to standard workup for carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) and metastatic neck lesions was prospectively studied.

Methods.

Sixty‐seven patients underwent standardized diagnostic workup according to national guidelines including panendoscopies, multiple mucosal biopsies, and diagnostic CT/MRI scans. Median follow‐up was 40 months (range, 2–65 months).

Results.

In 60 eligible patients, FDG‐PET indicated a primary tumor or metastatic disease in 30 patients (50%). Additional investigations confirmed a primary tumor in 18 patients: hypopharynx in 5, oropharynx in 5, nasopharynx in 2, lung in 1, axilla in 1, bone in 1, rectum in 1, as well as multiple metastatic lesions from CUP in 2 patients. In retrospect, MRI was able to detect 1 of the PET‐detected primaries, leading to an overall detection rate of PET of 29% in CUP. A therapeutic change of treatment was made in 25% as a consequence of FDG‐PET. PET before panendoscopy demonstrated fewer false‐positive pathological foci.

Conclusion.

FDG‐PET is a valuable tool in addition to conventional extensive workup in CUP and neck metastases. Consequently, FDG‐PET is now recommended as an early diagnostic modality in the workup of these patients. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Management of the orbit in malignant sinonasal tumors
Authors: Suárez Carlos , Ferlito Alfio , Lund Valerie J. , Silver Carl E. , Fagan Johannes J. , Rodrigo Juan Pablo , Llorente José L. , Cantù Giulio , Politi Massimo , Wei William I. , Rinaldo Alessandra
Published: November 2007

Malignant ethmoid and maxillary sinus tumors frequently involve the orbit. Orbital involvement is an important prognostic predictor of recurrence‐free, disease‐specific, and overall survival. Most authors agree that orbital preservation as opposed to orbital exenteration or clearance does not result in significant differences in local recurrence or actuarial survival. The eye can be safely preserved in most patients with ethmoid or maxillary sinus cancer invading the orbital wall, including malignancies that invade the orbital soft tissues with penetration through the periorbita provided that they can be completely dissected away from the orbital fat. Malposition of the globe and nonfunctional eyes frequently result when patients have not had adequate rigid reconstruction of the orbital floor, particularly if they have received postoperative radiotherapy. This underscores the importance of such reconstruction. Isolated defects following orbital exenteration may be reconstructed with a temporalis muscle flap. Microvascular free‐tissue transfer is the best option for repair of defects following orbital exenteration and total maxillectomy, although an obturator still has a role in selected patients. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Minocycline and N -methyl-4-isoleucine cyclosporin (NIM811) mitigate storage/reperfusion injury after rat liver transplantation through suppression of the mitochondrial permeability transition
Authors: Theruvath Tom P. , Zhong Zhi , Pediaditakis Peter , Ramshesh Venkat K. , Currin Robert T. , Tikunov Andrey , Holmuhamedov Ekhson , Lemasters John J.
Published: November 2007

Graft failure after liver transplantation may involve mitochondrial dysfunction. We examined whether prevention of mitochondrial injury would improve graft function. Orthotopic rat liver transplantation was performed after 18 hours' cold storage in University of Wisconsin solution and treatment with vehicle, minocycline, tetracycline, or

N

-methyl-4-isoleucine cyclosporin (NIM811) of explants and recipients. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), necrosis, and apoptosis were assessed 6 hours after implantation. Mitochondrial polarization and cell viability were assessed by intravital microscopy. Respiration and the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) were assessed in isolated rat liver mitochondria. After transplantation with vehicle or tetracycline, ALT increased to 5242 U/L and 4373 U/L, respectively. Minocycline and NIM811 treatment decreased ALT to 2374 U/L and 2159 U/L, respectively (

P

< 0.01). Necrosis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) also decreased from 21.4% and 21 cells/field, respectively, after vehicle to 10.1% and 6 cells/field after minocycline and to 8.7% and 5.2 cells/field after NIM811 (

P

< 0.05). Additionally, minocycline decreased caspase-3 activity in graft homogenates (

P

< 0.05). Long-term graft survival was 27% and 33%, respectively, after vehicle and tetracycline treatment, which increased to 60% and 70% after minocycline and NIM811 (

P

< 0.05). In isolated mitochondria, minocycline and NIM811 but not tetracycline blocked the MPT. Minocycline blocked the MPT by decreasing mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, whereas NIM811 blocks by interaction with cyclophilin D. Intravital microscopy showed that minocycline and NIM811 preserved mitochondrial polarization and cell viability after transplantation (

P

< 0.05).

Conclusion:

Minocycline and NIM811 attenuated graft injury after rat liver transplantation and improved graft survival. Minocycline and/or NIM811 might be useful clinically in hepatic surgery and transplantation. (Hepatology 2007.)
Isolation and characterization of a novel oncogene, amplified in liver cancer 1, within a commonly amplified region at 1q21 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ma Ning-Fang , Hu Liang , Fung Jackie M. , Xie Dan , Zheng Bo-Jian , Chen Leilei , Tang Dong-Jiang , Fu Li , Wu Zhenguo , Chen Muhan , Fang Yan , Guan Xin-Yuan
Published: November 2007

Amplification of 1q21 is the most frequent genetic alteration in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), being detected in 58%-78% of primary HCC cases by comparative genomic hybridization. Recently, we isolated a candidate oncogene, Amplified in Liver Cancer 1 (

ALC1

), from 1q21 by hybrid selection. Here we demonstrate that

ALC1

was frequently amplified and overexpressed in HCC.

ALC1

-transfected cells possessed a strong oncogenic ability, increasing the colony formation in soft agar and increasing the tumorigenicity in nude mice, which could be effectively suppressed by small interfering RNA against

ALC1

. Functional studies showed that overexpression of ALC1 could promote G1/S phase transition and inhibit apoptosis. Molecular studies revealed that the oncogenic function of

ALC1

might be associated with its roles in promoting cell proliferation by down-regulating p53 expression.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that

ALC1

is the target oncogene within the 1q21 amplicon and plays a pivotal role in HCC pathogenesis. (Hepatology 2007.)
Spatial and temporal characteristics of droughts in the western part of Bangladesh
Authors: Shahid Shamsuddin
Published: November 2007

Spatial and temporal characteristics of droughts in the western part of Bangladesh have been analysed. Standardized precipitation index method is used to compute the severity of droughts from the rainfall data recorded in 12 rainfall gauge stations for the period of 1961–1999. An artificial neural network is used to estimate missing rainfall data. Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to map the spatial extent of droughts of different severities in multiple time scales. Critical analysis of rainfall is also carried to find the minimum monsoon and dry months rainfall require in different parts of the study area to avoid rainfall deficit. The study shows that the north and north‐western parts of Bangladesh are most vulnerable to droughts. A significant negative relationship between multiple ENSO index and rainfall is observed in some stations. Analysis of seasonal rainfall distribution, rainfall reliability and long‐term rainfall trend is also conducted to aid prediction of future droughts in the area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic effect of vegetation and air temperature changes on soil water content in alpine frost meadow soil in the permafrost region of Qinghai‐Tibet
Authors: Wang Genxu , Li Yuanshou , Hu Hongchang , Wang Yibo
Published: November 2007

Seasonal changes over 2 years (2004–2006) in soil moisture content (θv) of frozen alpine frost meadow soils of the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau permafrost region under three different levels of vegetation cover were investigated. Vegetation cover and air temperature changes had significant effects (synergistic effect) on θv and its distribution in the soil profile. During periods of soil freezing or thawing, the less the vegetation cover, the quicker the temperature drop or rise of soil water, and the shorter the duration of the soil water freeze–thaw response in the active soil layer. Under 30% and 65% vegetation cover the amplitude of variation in θv during the freezing period was 20–26% greater than that under 93% cover, while during the thawing period, it was 1·5‐ to 40·5‐fold greater. The freezing temperature of the surface soil layer, fTs, was 1·6 °C lower under 30% vegetation cover than under 93% vegetation cover. Changes in vegetation cover of the alpine frost meadow affected θv and its distribution, as well as the relationship between θv and soil temperature (Ts). As vegetation cover decreased, soil water circulation in the active layer increased, and the response to temperature of the water distribution across the soil profile was heightened. The quantity of transitional soil phase water at different depths significantly increased as vegetation cover decreased. The influence of vegetation cover and soil temperature distribution led to a relatively dry soil layer in the middle of the profile (0·70–0·80 m) under high vegetation cover. Alpine meadow θv and its pattern of distribution in the permafrost region were the result of the synergistic effect of air temperature and vegetation cover. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low loss DC to 50 GHz LTCC SMT package for millimeter wave MMICs
Authors: Ju Inkwon , Yom In‐Bok , Oh Seung‐Hyeub
Published: November 2007

The new vertical transition using the trough line, the slab line, and shielded multilayer coplanar waveguides (SMCPW) in order to implement the DC ∼ 50‐GHz band low loss LTCC hermetic surface mounting (SMT) MMIC package was developed. The trough line, the slab line, and the SMCPWs were employed in order to minimize the discontinuity of the conventional via vertical transition, and the radiation loss and crosstalk. The proposed vertical transition is constructed using the multiple transmission lines of the SMCPW1–trough line–slab line–SMCPW2–SMCPW3. The manufactured LTCC hermetic SMT MMIC package showed a low insertion loss less than 0.6 dB and a reflection loss less than −20 dB in the frequency range from DC to 53 GHz. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 24–29, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22973
Erratum: Differential form approach to the analysis of electromagnetic cloaking and masking
Authors: Teixeira F. L.
Published: November 2007

Article originally published in Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49:2051–2053, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 264, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22975
Unconditionally stable locally one dimensional wave equation PML algorithm for truncating 2‐D FDTD simulations
Authors: Ramadan Omar
Published: November 2007

Unconditionally, stable locally one dimensional (LOD) scalar wave equation (WE) perfectly matched layer (PML) formulations are presented for truncating two dimensional (2‐D) open region finite difference time domain (FDTD) grids. The proposed formulations remove the Courant Friedrichs Lewy (CFL) stability limit of the explicit FDTD algorithm and require solving less field equations as compared with the alternating direction implicit (ADI) WE‐PML formulations. Numerical example carried out in 2‐D domain is included to show the validity of the proposed formulations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 18–22, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22976
Design of asymmetrical compact microstrip resonator filter with four controllable transmission zeros
Authors: Chiang Yi‐Chyun , Chung Ming‐An
Published: November 2007

This article presents a method of synthesizing a microwave filter consisting of asymmetrical compact microstrip resonators. This filter is compact in size and exhibits a third‐order characteristic in the passband and four controllable transmission zeros on the stop bands to enhance the desired signal rejection. A filter synthesizing method is developed to obtain the appropriate values of filter elements. Then the practical layout of filter is determined with the help of a commercial EM simulator. The efficiency of proposed design concept is verified through the design and measurement of an experimental Ku‐band filter. A prototype is fabricated on the commercial Teflon PCB board with 3% bandwidth. The measured results show about 2 dB insertion loss and greater than 20 dB return loss in the passband. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 42–45, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22977
A new bandpass shielding enclosure of hexagon array for modern portable digital devices
Authors: Chiu Cheng‐Nan , Lai Wei‐Ting
Published: November 2007

A new bandpass shielding enclosure (BPSE) made by etching the apertures of a periodic hexagon array on its top and bottom surfaces is proposed for modern portable digital devices having wireless communication functions. The BPSE is required to provide high transmittance at the specified communication band and high shielding effectiveness outside this band, and to have little influence on the radiation characteristics of an internal antenna located inside the enclosure. All three required features are difficult to achieve simultaneously. A prototype of the BPSE was built and studied. Both the simulated and measured results obtained show the promising performance of the BPSE and its potential in practical applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 15–18, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22978
Design of novel microstrip low‐pass filter using defected ground structure
Authors: Vágner Petr , Kasal Miroslav
Published: November 2007

A novel microstrip low‐pass filter utilizing defected ground structure (DGS) units is presented in this article. A DGS unit is simulated with different physical dimensions in order to show variation of attenuation pole and cut‐off frequency. Next, a low‐pass filter using proposed DGS unit is designed. A method for determining dimensions of microstrip structure and DGS units is proposed. Influence of dimensions of the microstrip structure on filter characteristics is investigated and simulated. Filters of various orders are simulated as well. Selected filter is simulated and experimentally verified. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 10–13, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22982
Novel dual‐band microstrip filter using complementary split‐ring resonators
Authors: Lai Xin , Liang Chang‐Hong , Su Tao , Wu Bian
Published: November 2007

On the basis of the double resonant property of the complementary split‐ring resonators (CSRRs), a novel dual‐band microstrip filter is designed, making use of CSRRs as resonant unit and T‐shaped stub as feeding structure. More than one transmission zeros are formed due to the cross coupling between the CSRR cells and the T‐shaped feeding lines, which have greatly improved the out‐of‐band property. To validate the proposed method, a dual‐band filter with two passbands of 2.4–2.6 GHz and 3.8–4.3 GHz is fabricated and measured, which has a low insertion loss and a high out‐of‐band rejection. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 7–10, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22983
Internal 3G and WLAN/WiMAX antennas integrated in palm‐sized mobile devices
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen , Chou Jui‐Hung
Published: November 2007

The integration of a 3G and a WLAN/WiMAX shorted monopole antenna concealed inside a palm‐sized mobile device for multinetwork operation is presented. The two stamped, metal‐plate antennas are mounted at opposite corners of a shielding case. With proper shorting locations and arrangement of antennas in combination with the shielding case, good isolation between the antennas can be obtained. Analysis of the shielding‐case length and the distance between a conducting element and the antennas on the bandwidth and the isolation is also conducted. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 29–31, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22985
Automated on‐wafer extraction of equivalent‐circuit parameters in thin‐film bulk acoustic wave resonators and substrate
Authors: Campanella Humberto , Nouet Pascal , Uranga Arantxa , de Paco Pedro , Barniol Nuria , Esteve Jaume
Published: November 2007

On‐wafer parameter extraction in thin‐film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) embedded on its substrate is performed. The extraction algorithm implements a multistep least‐squares optimization strategy, obtaining the equivalent‐circuit parameters of both FBAR and its substrate from experimental data. Compared with previous works, the algorithm enables for model‐based de‐embedding of the FBAR parameters. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 4–7, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22986
Dual band RFID transponder antenna designed for a specific chip without addtional impedance matching network
Authors: Fang Zhijiang , Jin Ronghong , Geng Junping , Sun Jing
Published: November 2007

A simple and novel antenna for dual band transponders in RFID application is introduced. The antenna is designed for directly matching a commercial chip without additional impedance matching network. The simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna show that the transponders integrated with this antenna will be able to comply with the ETSI Air Interface standard in UHF band and ISO 18000‐4 Air Interface Standard in microwave band. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 58–60, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22994
Ultra‐wideband COMOS low noise amplifier with simultaneous gain and noise matches
Authors: Liao Hsien‐Yuan , Tseng Ching‐Ming , Chiou Hwann‐Kaeo
Published: November 2007

Ultrawideband CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) using lossy LC ladder is proposed. A lossy LC ladder matching network is combined with conventional inductive degeneration and provides both gain and noise match over multioctave bandwidth. The bandwidth is further enhanced by shunt peaking technique. The explicit formulas are derived in this work to determine the values of resistor and LC ladder elements to meet the gain and noise match conditions. The LNA achieves 10.8‐dB gain with a 3‐dB bandwidth from 1.6 to 13.2 GHz and a minimum noise figure of 3.4 dB under the power consumption of 22 mW. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 158–160, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22996
On the relationship among dual‐mode double‐ring and double slot‐ring resonators for wide band‐pass filter design
Authors: Lu Shuh‐Tai , Deng Ping‐Chun , Liu Ji‐Chyun , Wu Tai‐I
Published: November 2007

The novel configurations of dual‐mode double slot‐ring resonator (DMDSRR) are introduced to improve the performance of the dual‐mode double‐ring resonator (DMDRR). To obtain a lower insertion loss (−0.76 dB) higher rejection (−48.21 dB) and wider band (BW about 93.35%) filters using tree‐shaped couples and perturbation stubs are proposed here. Both cascaded DMDSRR structure and Butterworth approximation are studied herein. Simulation results including surface current distributions and frequency responses are presented and discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 117–122, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22998
A compact multiband PIFA with the modified ground plane and shorting plate for wireless communication applications
Authors: Shin Yong‐Sun , Kong Ki‐Bok , Park Seong‐Ook
Published: November 2007

A novel compact multiband planar inverted‐F antenna for Bluetooth, satellite digital multimedia broadcasting, wireless broadband, world interoperability for microwave access, and wireless local area network applications is presented. The proposed antenna, fed by a 50‐Ω coaxial line, occupies a compact volume of 24.3 × 8.2 × 2 mm3. The bandwidth is 19.4% (2.28–2.77 GHz) and 47.7% (4.04–6.57 GHz) at VSWR < 2.5, and the measured maximum gain is 4.95 dBi at 6.3 GHz. The commercial electromagnetic software CST Microwave Studio is used to optimize the design parameters and the simulated results are well in agreement with the experimental results reported in this article. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 114–117, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22999