bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidências Neurobiológicas de Viés Atencional no Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo: Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Ribeiro Samara dos Santos , Passos Paulo Roberto Cabral , Carvalho Marcele Regine de
Published: February 2021

Resumo O viés atencional corresponde à alocação de recursos de atenção a materiais irrelevantes à tarefa. Supõe-se que pacientes com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC) apresentem viés atencional voltado à ameaça. Com o objetivo de descrever os achados neurobiológicos do viés atencional voltado à ameaça no TOC, foi realizada uma busca sistemática por estudos experimentais com investigação neurobiológica nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus e LILACS. Quatro estudos com grupo controle são descritos nos resultados, todos indicam diferenças estatisticamente significativas na atividade encefálica associada a atenção em pacientes. Os achados neurobiológicos dos estudos incluídos na revisão sugerem a alocação de recursos da atenção a estímulos irrelevantes, independente da valência emocional no TOC.
Neuropsicologia Clínica: Notas Históricas, Fundamentos Teórico-Metodológicos e Diretrizes para Formação Profissional
Authors: Wajman José Roberto
Published: February 2021

Resumo A Neuropsicologia se concentra em disciplinas oriundas da interface entre a neurociência e a psicologia cognitiva, e sua pesquisa converge da relação entre o cérebro e o comportamento. Como se tem observado em diversos centros de referência no Brasil, a difusão da Neuropsicologia vem ocorrendo de maneira vertiginosa, embora o estabelecimento de diretrizes de educação e treinamento ainda se encontrem despadronizados. O presente artigo descreve o desenvolvimento histórico da Neuropsicologia, enfocando seus fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos, sua condição regulatória atual, além de perspectivas futuras na criação de diretrizes para capacitação profissional. Pesquisas vêm demonstrando uma tendência em caracterizar a atividade do neuropsicólogo nos mais diversos locais nos quais a neuropsicologia é ensinada, praticada e difundida. No Brasil, faz-se necessária uma taxonomia acerca do ofício do profissional especialista em neuropsicologia, seja em relação à sua formação ou sua atuação profissional.
O Papel da Atenção na Manutenção da Informação Visuoespacial na Memória Operacional
Authors: Teobaldo Fabiana Pires , Rossini Joaquim Carlos , Galera César Alexis , Santana Jeanny Joana Rodrigues Alves de
Published: February 2021

Resumo A memória operacional ainda apresenta várias questões pouco compreendidas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a eficiência de retrodicas atentivas no processo de manutenção da informação visuoespacial na memória operacional. Foram delineados dois experimentos, definidos por uma tarefa única (memorização) ou dupla (memorização e busca visual). Os resultados sugerem que o efeito da retrodica informativa proporcionou uma melhora na probabilidade de recuperação da informação memorizada na presença ou na ausência da tarefa de busca visual, mesmo em condições que a busca era iniciada 50 ms após a apresentação da retrodica. Esse resultado é discutido em termos de um processo de múltiplas etapas no processo de alocação da atenção na memória operacional visual.
Políticas públicas de desenvolvimento regional em Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Santos Kaully Furiama , Missio Fabrício J.
Published: February 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é elencar e analisar as principais políticas públicas de desenvolvimento regional em Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). Inicialmente, realizamos um levantamento histórico das políticas de desenvolvimento aplicadas nesse território, especialmente após o Governo Vargas. Um exemplo é a criação do Território Federal de Ponta Porã e da Colônia Agrícola de Dourados, dentro do contexto da “Marcha para o Oeste”. Em seguida, destacamos os planos liderados pela Superintendência de Desenvolvimento da Região Centro Oeste durante o regime militar. Por fim, analisamos as políticas recentes relacionadas à “guerra fiscal” e à política dos Eixos Nacionais de Integração de Desenvolvimento, que no MS apoiaram a construção da Ferronorte, do gasoduto Brasil-Bolívia e da hidrovia Tietê-Paraná. Os principais resultados indicam que o desenvolvimento de MS é marcado pelas políticas públicas implementadas.
Impactos dos incentivos fiscais na inovação de grandes empresas: uma avaliação a partir da pesquisa Sondagem de Inovação da ABDI
Authors: Santos Ulisses Pereira dos , Rapini Márcia Siqueira , Mendes Philipe Scherrer
Published: February 2021

Resumo Os incentivos fiscais são instrumentos utilizados para ampliar os esforços inovativos seja quantitativamente ou qualitativamente. No Brasil, os incentivos fiscais tiveram seu alcance ampliado a partir de 2005 com a Lei do Bem. Este artigo analisa o esforço inovador das empresas da Pesquisa Sondagem de Inovação da ABDI comparando as que receberam incentivos fiscais vis-à-vis com as que não receberam e também controlando pela origem do capital. As análises realizadas com modelo Logit indicaram que os impactos dos incentivos fiscais sobre o tipo de inovação realizada variam de acordo com a intensidade tecnológica dos setores. Mas os incentivos fiscais não foram significativos em relação à origem do capital, indicando que não alteram a dinâmica da inovação das empresas subsidiárias.
Duas décadas de pesquisa com os Xakriabá do Norte de Minas: do diagnóstico da economia ao monitoramento da pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Monte-Mor Roberto Luis de Melo , Gomes Ana Maria Rabelo
Published: February 2021

Resumo Este artigo reflete 20 anos de investigações com os Xakriabá, confrontando o início dos anos 2000, quando foi realizada pesquisa de diagnóstico da economia, com as ações de enfrentamento da pandemia de Covid-19, para elaborar diálogos e enfatizar diferenças que tragam indicações para sua continuidade. Para além da referência local, a reflexão desloca as questões em direção a uma concepção ampliada da economia, entendida como gestão do espaço de vida. Tais questões levam a desdobramentos ligados a novas relações entre natureza, espaço de vida e urbanização. A participação dos Xakriabá nos processos de investigação nos dois momentos mostra o avanço do seu protagonismo no controle do seu território, na apropriação das políticas públicas e na interação com parceiros da Universidade. O aprendizado conjunto de pesquisadores e dos Xakriabá - hoje também pesquisadores - fortalece possibilidades e reinvenções de “outras” práticas econômicas, constituindo desafios contemporâneos para pesquisadores, professores e cidadãos.
Taxonomic notes on the typology of four species of genus Notodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 (Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae)
Authors: Geraldes-Primeiro Luis José de Oliveira , Pinto Joana D’Arc de Jesus , Farias Raimundo Erasmo Souza , Santos-Silva Edinaldo Nelson dos
Published: February 2021

Abstract: During a taxonomic study of the genus Notodiaptomus Kiefer 1936, taxonomic materials were located for N. iheringi, N. spinuliferus, N. henseni and N. deitersi, and all had their status investigated. Inconsistencies were found and are reported in this note, from the original details to the current typological situation. Nomenclatural conformations and new types are specified. These reinforce the taxonomic validity of the species, recently redescribed in other research. Thus in this note the neotype to N. iheringi, N. spinuliferus, and N. henseni, and provide a topotype to N. deitersi are defined.
Hierarchical analysis of determinants of HIV vertical transmission: a case-control study
Authors: Siqueira Poliana Germano Bezerra de Sá , Miranda Gabriella Morais Duarte , Souza Wayner Vieira de , Silva Gerlane Alves Pontes da , Mendes Antonio da Cruz Gouveia
Published: February 2021

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the association of socioeconomic, obstetric, pediatric and prophylactic factors to the vertical transmission of HIV in children followed at a reference service in Recife between 2010 and 2015. Methods: case-control nested the cohort of children exposed to vertical transmission of HIV. A univariate and multivariate statistical analysis was performed on the association of socioeconomic, obstetric, pediatric and prophylactic measures with the outcome. We considered two multivariate approaches, conventional and hierarchical, the latter made it possible to consider different levels of determination. Results: 46.5% of the mothers had low schooling, 69.6% without work-related wages and 35.7% received a family grant. Women with postpartum diagnosis and less than 6 prenatal appointments had a greater chance of vertical transmission. Prophylactic measures were statistically associated with prevention of transmission (p<0.1%). Conclusions: vertical risk factors for HIV transmission were identified: no sewage system, at least six prenatal consultations, first care of the child with more than two months and no prophylaxis in pregnancy and childbirth. Determining factors for which specific policies and programs exist and their non-access social determination evidence of HIV vertical transmission.
Static and dynamic evaluation of respiratory muscle strength in asthmatic children and adolescents
Authors: Cordeiro Jean Aretakis , Silva Caroline Palácio , Britto Murillo Carlos Amorim , Andrade Lívia Barboza
Published: February 2021

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate static and dynamic respiratory muscle strength in children and adolescents with asthma. Methods: cross-sectional study, involving 80 children and adolescents, 40 with asthma and 40 healthy controls. Biological and clinical characteristics were analyzed. The analysis of the dynamic inspiratory muscle strength was obtained using the KH5 device of the POWERbreathe® line, while the static evaluation was performed using an analog manova-cuometer. Results: the mean obtained from the S-Index was higher in the control group compared to asthmatics (p = 0.026). There was no statistical difference between MIP values for asthmatics and predicted values (p = 0.056). The MEP results showed a significant difference between the mean of the cases and the predicted values (p = 0.000). There was a positive correlation between height and S-Index (p = 0.002 and r = 0.438). Conclusion: the present study demonstrated that the static inspiratory muscle strength (PImáx) of children and adolescents with asthma in comparison with the values predicted in the literature does not differ, however, when submitted to dynamic assessment (S-Index), it presents higher values in healthy controls. In addition, the S-Index showed a positive correlation with the child's height.
Factors associated with feeding practices among Brazilian children aged 12 to 23 months old
Authors: Rebouças Adriana Gama , Bernardino Ítalo de Macedo , Dutra Emiliane Rodrigues , Imparato José Carlos Pettorossi , Duarte Danilo Antonio , Flório Flávia Martão
Published: February 2021

Abstract Objectives: a quantitative analytical cross-sectional study aimed to identify demographic characteristics to access health services and housing conditions in relation to inadequate feeding practices among Brazilian children from 12 to 23 months of age. Methods: the analysis of the feeding practices (consumption of recommended food groups) of 2541 Brazilian children (aged 12-23 months old) was performed using data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013 (National Health Survey). Descriptive and multivariate statistics used the Decision Tree Analysis based on CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector) algorithm, as well as hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression analyses were performed. The variables were entered in a hierarchical model at distal (demographic), intermediate (access to health) and proximal (housing conditions) levels. Results: the results showed a high prevalence of sugar consumption (85.5%; CI95%=83.7-87.2) and highlighted inadequate feeding practices among non-white children (p=0.001), resident in the North (p<0.001) and Northeast (p=0.010) of Brazil and in towns in the countryside (p<0.001) presented feeding practices that were not recommended for consumption in the food groups. Conclusions: non-white children, who lived in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil and in the countryside, which are known to be more socioeconomically vulnerable, were more likely to experience inadequate feeding practices.
Relacionamento e fidelização entre agricultores e consumidores em grupos de venda direta de alimentos agroecológicos em Florianópolis-SC
Authors: Lovatto Amanda Biesek , Miranda Dayana Lilian Rosa , Rover Oscar José , Bracagioli Neto Alberto
Published: February 2021

Resumo: Nas últimas décadas surgiram movimentos contrários ao modelo agroalimentar hegemônico, que prezam pelos valores de qualidade, tradição, confiança e proximidade, geralmente baseados em circuitos curtos de comercialização. Este artigo analisa o relacionamento entre agricultores e consumidores e a fidelização destes, adotando a abordagem do marketing de relacionamento, em grupos de venda direta denominados células de consumidores responsáveis (CCR). A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa incluiu observação participante, aplicação de questionários e acompanhamento de trabalho da equipe institucional. Identificou-se que as esferas da produção e do consumo avançaram e mostraram-se interessadas no estreitamento de relações, embora ainda haja afastamento entre ambas. Os consumidores apresentaram um nível crescente de conscientização sobre suas ações quanto ao consumo alimentar responsável e manifestaram satisfação, comprometimento e fidelidade à iniciativa. Conclui-se que o projeto das CCR é um ambiente em potencial para ampliar ações e análises do marketing de relacionamento e de corresponsabilização entre consumidores e agricultores.
Construção de vocabulários multilíngues: perspectivas culturais
Authors: Biscalchin Ricardo , Moreira Walter
Published: February 2021

RESUMO A Ciência da Informação busca organizar e disseminar a informação de modo eficaz, ético e igualitário. Romper as barreiras linguísticas e culturais no acesso e representação da informação, via construção de vocabulários controlados multilíngues que sigam os conceitos da transculturalidade, da multiculturalidade e da garantia cultural é uma maneira de atender a esses propósitos. O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar esses conceitos e demonstrar a importância de sua aplicação no momento da construção de vocabulários multilíngues para que diferentes culturas tenham acesso à informação de maneira igualitária e justa. Para tanto, realizou-se uma análise teórica de normas técnicas e publicações científicas sobre a temática para demonstrar a importância da aplicação conjunta desses conceitos para a representação da informação. Este artigo consiste, portanto, na discussão da importância das reações entre esses conceitos, teorias e normas para aplicação na construção de vocabulários multilíngues, visando a construção de representações condizentes com a realidade sócio-histórico-cultural dos diferentes usuários. Conclui-se que a aplicação da transculturalidade, multiculturalidade e garantia cultural em conjunto com as normas e estudos científicos sobre construção de vocabulários multilíngues constitui-se como elemento fundamental para viabilizar a construção e o uso de representação terminológica da informação que respeite heterogeneidade das diversidades culturais.
Maturidade da gestão do conhecimento: a importância da infraestrutura organizacional para o desenvolvimento dos estágios
Authors: Escrivão Giovana , Silva Sergio Luis da
Published: February 2021

RESUMO O objetivo da pesquisa é identificar o impacto e descrever o comportamento da infraestrutura organizacional nos estágios de desenvolvimento da gestão do conhecimento. Para tal foi realizado um levantamento de dados com 125 gestores das 46 Unidades da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, empresa de base tecnológica nacionalmente reconhecida devido aos altos índices de inovação. Neste estudo a infraestrutura organizacional necessária ao desenvolvimento da gestão do conhecimento foi definida como: estrutura organizacional, tomada de decisão, processo de comunicação, grau de formalização das atividades e ambiente. Os resultados revelam que a estrutura organizacional se torna mais flexível, a tomada de decisão mais descentralizada, a comunicação em todos os sentidos sofre um aumento consecutivo e o ambiente permite maior interação e troca de conhecimento entre as pessoas ao longo do avanço dos estágios, corroborando com a teoria. No entanto, exatamente ao contrário do que sugere a teoria, o grau de formalização das atividades aumenta com o avanço dos estágios. A pesquisa contribui ao complementar o estudo da gestão do conhecimento e ao identificar e descrever, empiricamente pela primeira vez, a variável infraestrutura organizacional nos estágios da gestão do conhecimento.
Second-crop cowpea under residual phosphorus doses in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Leite Rubson da Costa , Leite Robson da Costa , Cravo Manoel da Silva
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT The southeastern mesoregion of the Brazilian Pará state is an important soybean producer, and the second-crop system can increase the local agricultural production. However, Latosols with medium to very clayey texture predominate in the region and, despite being suitable for farming, they naturally have low levels of available phosphorus (P). This study aimed to evaluate the yield of second-crop cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] under doses of residual P in a Yellow-Latosol. Two experiments were installed under field conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments (residuals of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and four replications. The first experiment consisted of cultivating second-crop cowpea after the soybean harvest, with phosphate doses provided during the soybean planting, and the second of second-crop cowpea after the rice harvest, with phosphate doses provided during the rice planting. The 1,000-grain weight and production of pods, husks and grains were evaluated. The production of pods and husks were higher in the area with residual P. The highest yield was obtained in the residual dose of 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5, reaching a grain yield of 1,256 kg ha-1 after the soybean harvest and 885 kg ha-1 after the rice harvest.
Atores, Eventos e Redes da Política Externa Brasileira (1930-1985)
Authors: Farias Rogério de Souza , Carmo Géssica Fernando do
Published: February 2021

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta a utilidade da análise de redes para compreender os atores e as arenas da política externa brasileira, no período de 1930 a 1985. Para esse fim, utiliza uma base de dados inédita com 953 eventos que somam 3.731 participantes. O estudo argumenta que a política externa brasileira foi moldada por ampla gama de atores e instituições. De um lado, o Ministério das Relações Exteriores não teve o monopólio da arena. De outro, apesar de serem minoria, os diplomatas foram os atores centrais da rede. A análise apresenta ampla variação de engajamento institucional dependendo do período e do tema. Essa conclusão indica a dificuldade de conceber fórmulas gerais sobre as características da política externa brasileira. Argumenta-se que o entendimento da base relacional da política externa brasileira é útil para complementar o estudo de características intrínsecas de atores, instituições e arenas. Esse esforço empírico e teórico pode ser utilizado para examinar outras políticas públicas.
HISTÓRIAS CORPORATIVAS E A IDEIA DA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: PALUDI MARIANA I. , MILLS JEAN HELMS , MILLS ALBERT J.
Published: February 2021

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para uma grande variedade de perspectivas teóricas e configurações empíricas para gerar evidências cumulativas sobre a influência de legados históricos e capacidade organizacional para gerenciar o passado. Continuando com a perspectiva crítica que desafia o domínio das epistemologias anglo-saxônicas nos estudos de gestão e organização, realizamos um estudo empírico sobre uma companhia aérea multinacional cujos sucessos passados dependiam das fronteiras norte/sul anglo-latino-americanas. Analisamos as grandes narrativas da Pan American Airways (PAA) a partir dos arquivos corporativos da empresa a fim de determinar quais os discursos dominantes acerca das pessoas da América Latina. Com base nos temas: política, economia e cultura, apresentamos três grandes narrativas, ou histórias oficiais, que sumariam os discursos da PAA acerca da América Latina entre 1927 e 1960. A partir do feminismo decolonial, buscamos recontextualizar o passado e o discurso hegemônico incorporado nas grandes narrativas do PAA.
AN EXPERIMENT USING THE GRAPHIC VARIABLE COLOR AND THE SEE COLOR CODE ON ISARITHMIC MAPS ACCESSIBLE TO BLIND AND NORMALLY SIGHTED PEOPLE
Authors: Araújo Niédja Sodré de , Amorim Fabrício Rosa , Antunes Amanda Pereira , Marchi Sandra Regina , Schmidt Marcio Augusto Reolon , Andrade Andrea Faria , Delazari Luciene Stamato
Published: February 2021

Abstract: The See Color is a color coding system based on Braille writing to communicate colors to people with visual impairments. This study assessed the perception of the theme Temperature by blind people, by using the See Color code on two isarithmic tactile maps and the perception of subjects with normal color vision. An average temperature map of Australia had 10 classes, but these intervals were regrouped into four classes on Corel Draw software. The new map was duplicated in the digital project in A4 size, both included the See Color code in two color schemes obtained from the Color Brewer website. Subsequently, they were laser-printed on swell paper to produce the tactile relief. The chromatic perception was observed, as well as the thermal sensations that the colors could represent for blind participants (06), normally sighted participants in basic education (23), and normally sighted participants in higher education (20). In this research, the See Color code showed the potential to provide spatial knowledge as a graphic language through colors in color maps for adventitiously blind and for normally sighted participants based on their perception of colors and tactile color codes.
Urinary Single-Cell Profiling Captures the Cellular Diversity of the Kidney
Authors: Abedini Amin , Zhu Yuan O. , Chatterjee Shatakshee , Halasz Gabor , Devalaraja-Narashimha Kishor , Shrestha Rojesh , S. Balzer Michael , Park Jihwan , Zhou Tong , Ma Ziyuan , Sullivan Katie Marie , Hu Hailong , Sheng Xin , Liu Hongbo , Wei Yi , Boustany-Kari Carine M. , Patel Uptal , Almaani Salem , Palmer Matthew , Townsend Raymond , Blady Shira , Hogan Jonathan ,   The TRIDENT Study Investigators, Morton Lori , Susztak Katalin
Published: February 2021

Significance Statement

Microscopic analysis of urinary sediment is one of the most fundamental tests in nephrology. Urinary cells, however, have not been characterized in a standardized, unbiased manner. Single-cell transcriptomics of urine, of subjects with diabetic kidney disease and controls, were used to characterize 23,082 urinary cells in an unbiased manner. Combined analysis of urinary, kidney, and bladder cells indicated the technique can detect almost all kidney cell types and a variety of bladder cell types in human urine. This pilot study provides a reference dataset for future urinary single-cell characterization.

Background

Microscopic analysis of urine sediment is probably the most commonly used diagnostic procedure in nephrology. The urinary cells, however, have not yet undergone careful unbiased characterization.

Methods

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis was performed on 17 urine samples obtained from five subjects at two different occasions, using both spot and 24-hour urine collection. A pooled urine sample from multiple healthy individuals served as a reference control. In total 23,082 cells were analyzed. Urinary cells were compared with human kidney and human bladder datasets to understand similarities and differences among the observed cell types.

Results

Almost all kidney cell types can be identified in urine, such as podocyte, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and collecting duct, in addition to macrophages, lymphocytes, and bladder cells. The urinary cell–type composition was subject specific and reasonably stable using different collection methods and over time. Urinary cells clustered with kidney and bladder cells, such as urinary podocytes with kidney podocytes, and principal cells of the kidney and urine, indicating their similarities in gene expression.

Conclusions

A reference dataset for cells in human urine was generated. Single-cell transcriptomics enables detection and quantification of almost all types of cells in the kidney and urinary tract.
Aprendendo síntese proteica de forma interativa e lúdica: o desafio da síntese proteica
Authors: Almeida Patrícia Matos de , Carvalho Diego Soares , Pereira Cláudio Alves
Published: February 2021

O objetivo desse trabalho é fornecer uma ferramenta pedagógica de fácil acesso e baixo custo aos professores de Biologia. Para isso, os pesquisadores propõem uma estratégia educativa lúdica, desenvolvida para o conteúdo de síntese proteica planejada para o Ensino Médio. Entendendo a complexidade do conteúdo de Síntese de Proteínas e das dificuldades impostas ao se trabalhar esse conteúdo, a ferramenta pedagógica proposta vem ao encontro de torná-lo mais compreensível aos alunos, contribuindo no processo de transposição do campo da abstração e trazendo o estudo para a prática na sala de aula. A proposta inclui processos em que os alunos participam da confecção do jogo e, posteriormente, iniciam a dinâmica do jogo. Acreditamos que a utilização desse jogo tem o potencial de aplicabilidade como ferramenta pedagógica, servindo como uma alternativa ao modelo tradicional de aula e aponta para um ensino ativo e colaborativo, favorecendo uma aprendizagem significativa.
COMPETENCE APPROACH IN PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS
Authors:   Kyrgyz State National University named after J. Balasagyn, Sulaimanova Rakhat
Published: February 2021

This article presents the experience of implementing the competence approach in the training of future teachers at the University. Competence approach in pedagogical education is considered in the context of development of value, motivational structures of the person, her interests, attitudes, positions, personal meanings in mastering knowledge, skills, methods of pedagogical activity. The article shows how the possibilities of the discipline "Pedagogy" were used in terms of the development of future teachers of General cultural, General professional and professional competencies. Modern requirements for teacher training in the conditions of modernization of pedagogical education are determined in the context of competence approach and are revealed through the unity of General cultural, professional and socio-moral development of the teacher's personality.
COMPETENCIES IN PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors:   Alatoo International University, Dyikanbaeva Gulnura , Suranalieva Kanym ,   Kyrgyz National  University named after J. Balasagyn, Turdaliev Ulan ,   Kyrgyz National  University named after J. Balasagyn
Published: February 2021

The scientific article discusses the problems that negatively affect the education of teachers as: an extra managerial approach, not being organized on the condition of self- awareness and reasoning for students, paying attention to the quality of tasks, but to the number and ways of solving them. There were conclusions that the teacher needed to be trained on the basis of the following competencies: creativity, organization, ability, activity, punctuality, hardworking and sociability.
Fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Napier grass ensiled with citric acid residue and lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Tao Xuxiong , Ji Chongwen , Chen Sifan , Zhao Jie , Wang Siran , Li Junfeng , Sun Fuxin , Shao Tao
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding citric acid residue (CAR) with or without lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus; syn. Pennisetum purpureum) cv. Sumu No. 2 at ensiling on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of the resulting silage. Treatments included: Control (Napier grass forage without additives); and Napier grass inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum and L. buchneri) at 1 × 106 cfu/gfresh weight (FW) forage (LAB) or 36 g citric acid residue/kg FW forage (CAR) or a mixture of CAR and LAB (CL). Forty-five days after ensiling the silages were tested for chemical and microbial composition and an aerobic stability test was conducted. The addition of CAR with or without LAB increased the DM and lactic acid concentrations in silage and decreased pH plus acetic acid, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), neutral detergent fiber and cellulose concentrations relative to Control. The pH in LAB silage was lower than in Control, while lactic acid concentration was higher. During the first 2 days of aerobic exposure, all additives increased the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and lactic acid concentrations and decreased pH plus NH3-N and acetic acid concentrations. Moreover, CL silages had the highest WSC and the lowest NH3-N and acetic acid concentrations during aerobic exposure. However, all additives failed to improve the aerobic stability of the silage. While CAR with or without LAB inoculant improved the fermentation quality of silage made from Napier grass, more studies are warranted to identify additives which can improve aerobic stability of the silage after opening.
Selection for resistance to fungal diseases and other desirable traits in kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus)
Authors: Fulkerson William J. , Jennings Nathan R. , Callow Mark , Harper Karen J. , Wong Percy T.W. , Martin Peter M.
Published: February 2021

While kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus) is an important grass for dairy and beef production in the subtropical region of Australia and the world, the most common cultivar, Whittet, is seriously affected by the fungal diseases, kikuyu yellows (Verrucalvus flavofaciens) and black spot (Bipolaris spp.). Thus resistance to these diseases is a priority in selecting a better kikuyu cultivar, along with higher herbage quality and yield and better winter growth. A study was conducted to identify suitable candidates from kikuyu ecotypes collected along the east coast of Australia plus lines obtained by subjecting Whittet to a mutagenic agent. Initial glasshouse studies identified 19 lines that were resistant to the KY1A strain of kikuyu yellows and 4 of these, with forage quality and yield superior to Whittet, were further evaluated in the field at 2 sites using Whittet as the control. At Site 1, line 12A demonstrated a much higher level of resistance to kikuyu yellows than Whittet, with 85% of plants resisting infection compared with only 15% of Whittet plants. At Site 2, the numbers of 12A and Whittet plants infected were similar. Further tests, using kikuyu yellows inoculum collected from 11 sites along the east coast of Australia, found that only 15% of 12A plants became infected compared with 61% of Whittet plants. Thus, kikuyu line 12A was resistant to most, but not all, strains of the kikuyu yellows pathogen. Annual yield of 12A (19,008 kg DM/ha) was 24% higher than that of Whittet and 12% higher than Acacia, but the difference was significant only for Whittet. During summer, 12A produced 10,212 kg DM/ha (24% higher than Whittet), was more active in early spring, had slightly higher dry organic matter digestibility (66.7 vs. 64.0%) and was resistant to black spot infection.
Evaluation of sainfoin accessions exposed to powdery mildew disease at four locations in Iran
Authors: Alizadeh Mohammad Ali , Jafari Ali Ashraf , Sepahvand Karam , Davazdahemami Saied , Moeini Mohammad Rahim , Normand Moaied Farid , Naseri Bita
Published: February 2021

In order to evaluate resistance of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) to powdery mildew, seeds of 19 accessions were collected from different parts of Iran and sown at 4 locations, i.e. Kheirabad, Khoramabad, Semirom and Tabriz, in 2014. Accessions were evaluated for powdery mildew severity index (DSI), forage dry matter yield (DM), dry matter digestibility (DMD) and crude protein (CP) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations over 4 years. Based on Duncan’s test, accessions 15353 and 3001 showed disease severity index lower than 25% and were nominated as resistant to powdery mildew. Accessions Oshnavieh and Polycross were considered semi-resistant due to their DSI ranging from 25 to 50%. Other accessions were considered susceptible because their DSI was higher than 50%. The resistant accessions (15353 and 3001) with average yields of 3,341 and 3,304 kg DM/ha were ranked as having high DM production, in addition to displaying high DMD plus high CP and WSC concentrations. Severity of powdery mildew infection was linked negatively with all 3 quality traits, i.e. DMD and CP and WSC concentrations. According to Eberhart/Russell regression results, stability of accessions 3001 and 15353 for DSI and DM yield was confirmed across 4 locations. We recommend the use of accessions 3001 and 15353 in future breeding programs to increase resistance to powdery mildew, while at least maintaining yield and quality attributes. Evaluation of other sources of sainfoin germplasm should continue to identify further resistant accessions.
Identifikasi Perubahan Tataguna Lahan di Sekitar Calon Tapak PLTN Kabupaten Bengkayang, Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Mudjiono Mudjiono - , Alimah Siti , Susiati Heni
Published: February 2021

Rencana pembangunan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) telah dipertimbangkan oleh pemerintah daerah di kabupaten Bengkayang, Kalimantan Barat, sebagai salah satu opsi untuk menambah pasokan energi listrik di wilayah tersebut. Evaluasi data penggunaan lahan yang ada di Kabupaten Bengkayang sebelum program PLTN dibangun sebagai data base, merupakan salah satu persyaratan yang perlu dipertimbangkan. Pembangunan PLTN akan merubah tataguna lahan dan tata ruang di Kabupaten Bengkayang, Kalimantan Barat. Penggunaan lahan untuk PLTN harus memenuhi persyaratan agar menjamin keselamatan penduduk dan lingkungan sekitar. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini berbasis studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan data dan peraturan terkait, dan interpretasi citra Landsat tahun 2015 dan 2019. Tujuan studi adalah mengetahui database penggunaan lahan dan perubahan tata guna lahan di Kabupaten Bengkayang, Kalimantan Barat. Sinergi pengumpulan data penggunaan lahan antara interpretasi data penggunaan lahan dari data citra satelit dan data statistik akan memperkuat dalam pelaksanaan analisis dampak perkembangan terjadinya perubahan penggunaan lahan. Hasil kajian diperoleh bahwa penggunaan lahan di sekitar tapak pada radius 1 km adalah untuk pemukiman penduduk 53.176 m2, lahan terbuka 175.021 m2, perkebunan 2.001.696 m2, perairan darat 56.718 m2 dan laut 953.389 m2. Dengan kehadiran PLTN, tutupan lahan dominan berupa perkebunan secara peruntukan akan beralih ke industri. Konversi pemanfaatan lahan akan menyebabkan tumbuh dan berkembang sarana dan prasarana untuk perkantoran, perumahan, pendidikan, kesehatan, peribadatan, pemukiman, keamanan dan sarana pendukung lainnya. Interpretasi citra Landsat, menunjukkan perubahan lahan antara tahun 2015 sampai tahun 2019 tidak terlihat adanya perubahan penggunaan lahan yang signifikan.
Экономические очерки: история идей, методология, неравенство и рост
Authors: Капелюшников Ростислав
Published: February 2021

Монография представляет собой сборник работ, публиковавшихся в 2013–2019 гг. Вошедшие в нее исследования разнообразны по тематике, но строятся вокруг четырех ключевых сюжетов: история идей, методология, неравенство, экономический рост. В первой части прослеживается история возникновения и последующей эволюции таких важнейших для обществознания концептов, как «мрачная наука» (Т. Карлейль), «дух капитализма» (М. Вебер), «расширенный порядок» (Ф. Хайек). Во второй части, посвященной вопросам методологии, обсуждается поведенческий фундамент современной экономической теории (трансформация модели Homo oeconomicus); демонстрируется методологическая, теоретическая и историческая ограниченность институционального подхода, связанного с именами Д. Норта и Д. Аджемоглу; дается обобщенная картина новейших трендов — социологических, эпистемологических, идеологических — в развитии современной экономической науки. В третьей части рассматривается комплекс вопросов (от измерительных до нормативных), связанных с такой политически «горячей» темой, как экономическое неравенство. В последней части анализируются различные аспекты процесса экономического роста: угроза «вековой стагнации» (резкого долговременного замедления темпов роста); перспектива возникновения крупномасштабной технологической безработицы (катастрофического сокращения занятости под действием Четвертой промышленной революции); влияния на рост старения населения. В книгу включена также небольшая работа, написанная на старте рыночных реформ (1992 г.), в которой предпринималась попытка предугадать, есть ли у идей либерализма шансы прижиться на российской почве. Монография продолжает линию анализа, представленную в предшествующем сборнике работ автора «Экономические очерки: Методология, институты, человеческий капитал» (2016).
Low Doses of Baclofen Induced Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in a Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kim Soo-Hyun , Kim Sumin , Kim Hyunji , Kim Hyung Ho , Yun Ji Young , Lee Jung Hwa , Kim Geon Ha
Published: February 2021

Baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid B agonist, is frequently used in the treatment of various neurologic diseases including spasticity, dystonia and trigeminal neuralgia. This drug usually acts at the presynaptic motor neuron to induce an antispastic response. Oral baclofen toxicity is extremely rare, but is often reported to affect patients with renal disease. Here, we report a patient with chronic kidney disease who was treated with relatively low doses of baclofen (5 mg twice per day) and experienced nonconvulsive status epilepticus.
Reading English as a foreign language: The interplay of abilities and strategies
Authors: Al-Qahtani Abdulkhaleq Abdulhadi
Published: February 2021

This paper investigates the preferred order of reading strategies at three ability levels by L1 Arabic learners of English in an EFL setting. Then it explores whether there was a relationship between ability level and strategy use. Ninety-two EFL college students enrolled in a reading comprehension class participated in this study. They took a TOEFL reading section to determine their reading abilities/levels, and then they completed a biographical and the Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS) questionnaires. Then, statistical analyses were conducted. The results showed that each ability level reported strategy use differently in terms of order and intensity. There was also a statistical significance in strategy use between the high ability and the low ability levels. The low ability level participants reported higher use of the global reading strategies than the high ability group. However, no statistical significance of association was found between reading ability and strategy use
Determinantes del rendimiento académico de la educación media en el departamento de Nariño, Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Rosero Diego Danilo , Ordoñez Ortega Ruber Erlinton , Hidalgo-Villota Mario Eduardo
Published: February 2021

El propósito de este artículo es explicar los factores determinantes del rendimiento académico de la educación media en el departamento de Nariño, Colombia. Para tal efecto, se estimaron dos modelos econométricos de respuesta ordinal: probit y logit ordenados a partir de los resultados del examen de Estado de la educación media ICFES-SABER 11 aplicado en 2018. La variable dependiente utilizada es politómica, correspondiente al orden de menor a mayor de los puntajes obtenidos en dicha prueba y como variables explicativas son consideradas la educación de los padres de familia, el estrato socioeconómico, el sexo, el acceso a tecnologías de aprendizaje de uso masivo, la naturaleza jurídica de las instituciones educativas, su ubicación geográfica y el número de horas semanales que una proporción de estudiantes de educación media dedica a actividades laborales. Los resultados muestran que el acceso a herramientas tecnológicas de aprendizaje como computadoras y conexión a internet, el mayor nivel educativo de los padres de familia, la condición de ser varón y el estudiar en una institución educativa oficial urbana aumenta la probabilidad de obtener un mejor rendimiento académico
Enhancement of rock bolt performance through “active” ground control
Authors:   VNIMI Siberian Branch’s Prokopyevsk Division, Prokopyevsk, Russia, Razumov E. A. , Kalinin S. I. ,   VNIMI Siberian Branch’s Prokopyevsk Division, Prokopyevsk, Russia, Venger V. G. ,   VNIMI Siberian Branch’s Prokopyevsk Division, Prokopyevsk, Russia, Pudov E. Yu. ,   Kuzbass State Technical University’s Prokopyevsk Division, Prokopyevsk, Russia
Published: February 2021

The research has proved that rock mass stability can be ensured using steel resin rock bolting including rods, fast-setting resin capsules, bearing plates, strapping and tension nuts. Interaction of these structural components with roof rocks and sidewalls involves obligatory displacement of rocks. The article presents the studies into applicability of steel resin rock bolting in difficult geological conditions in coal mines in Kuzbass. The steel resin rock bolting is considered in this case as the method of ‘active’ ground control. The ‘active’ ground control consists in the capacity of steel resin rock bolts to alter main strength characteristics of rocks, to increase their resistance and stability, and, thereby, to ensure efficiency of roof support. It is found that horizontal and vertical stresses in underground excavations depend on the mining depth. It is proved that rock bolts installed in the roof rocks can prevent or confine rock fracture.
Substantiation of technology and support design for roadways sustained for recycling in thin seams in bottom-up longwall mining
Authors:   Alzamir, Prokopyevsk, Russia, Zayatdinov D. F. , Pozolotin A. S. ,   NITS-IGD, Kemerovo, Russia, Mefodiev S. N. ,   Berezovskaya Mine, Northern Kuzbass Coal Company, Berezovsky, Russia
Published: February 2021

Development heading in thin seams is complicated by large volumes of conjointly cut adjacent rocks which are often very hard. It is expedient to to prepare a new longwall by driving one heading and to use the previous longwall as a ventilation or conveyor roadway. The technology of roadway recycling in thin seams during top-downward mining is already applied. The technology of roadway recycling in bottomupward mining (a ventilation roadway is recycled as a conveyor roadway) has never been applied in Russian mines. The authors illustrate feasibility of recycling of a lower level ventilation roadway as an upper level conveyor roadway in terms of Berezovskaya mine in Kuzbass. The engineering solutions and the support design for the roadway are substantiated, and the measures of reinforcement of the support to prevent rocks falls are provided. The study was performed jointly with RANK 2 LLC.
Applied structural geology for stability assessment and geotechnical risk management in mines
Authors:   Management Company Polyus, Moscow, Russia, Selivanov D. A.
Published: February 2021

The adequate geological support and engineering of production processes requires mining companies to have structural geologists to be in charge for the acquisition, processing, analysis and preparation of geological and related data during development of a mineral deposit, starting from prospecting and exploration and up to reclaiming. In the prevailing practice, geologists of mining and servicing companies are mostly aimed at the appraisal and control of mineral resources while the study of geological structure of a deposit is assumed finished at the stage of prospecting and valuation as arule. At the later stages, geologists focus mainly on the quality and quantity of minerals, and geological bodies are often interpreted without regard to the actual geological structure of a deposit. The structural geology as a branch within a mining company should have a specific development strategy. This strategy is to account for the necessity of the other services for the input geological data, while the applied geological models should be used in mine design and be integrated in the production process. The intending specialists in the allied services should be informed on the available models, their value and completeness, as well as should possess free and intelligible access for operation. Efficient production management and risk control requires close communication between structural geologists, geomechanics, resource geologists, mining engineers, mineral dressing engineers and surveyors.
Neural network modeling of jointed rock mass behavior in topocentric terrestrial field: A case study of Oktyabrsky deposit
Authors:   Center for Geodynamic Safety of NorNickel’s Polar Division, Norilsk, Russia, Sergunin M. P.
Published: February 2021

The article addresses a promising geomechanical trend connected with Big Data processing. Using helium release observation results, the jointed rock mass behavior in the terrestrial field is studied. The terrestrial field is assumed as a variable value governed by the positions of the major planets in the Solar system, as well as by the positions of the Moon and Sun. The observation data are used for neural network learning. The total bulk of the learning data was more than 95 thousands of observations. After learning, the neural network decision-making algorithm was analyzed, and the studies were compared with the rock mass jointing analysis data from 3D modeling of Oktyabrsky and Talnakh deposits. Interpretation of frames of faults in the study area produced more than 206 thousands of measurements of precise dip angles and strike orientations with their distribution in depth and along the horizontal. Alongside with the fault frame interpretation, helium release data were compared with roughness of walls in a vertical opening sunk in the close vicinity of the measurement site. As a result of long-term operation, the shape of the opening repeats the block structure of enclosing rock mass and, thus, can inform on its initial jointing. The wall roughness data were obtained using laser scanning and contained more than 106 thousands of measurements. The analysis and processing of all data reveals the dependence between the planetary positions in the Solar system, helium release, orientation of the main joint system and surface roughness in underground openings. In this manner, it is possible to assess deformation processes in the crust and to find their influence on rock mass behavior.