bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Fad Theory to Copycat Crimes: Quantitative Data following the Columbine Massacre
Authors: Simon Armando
Published: November 2010

Copycat crimes have traditionally proven to be hard to both identify and analyze, although it has long been known that they occur. The present study analyzed the copycat crimes that followed the Columbine massacre of 1999 in light of fad theory and found that a copycat crime is, essentially, a fad. The pattern of development followed a particular progression with variations on the initial incident and reached a peak, whereupon the number of copycat incidents dropped radically. This pattern allows for predictability of copycat crimes.
Relation between Major and Minor Depression and Heart Rate, Heart-Rate Variability, and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Čatipović-Veselica Katija , Galić Andrea , Jelić Krešimir , Baraban-Glavaš Vedrana , Šarić Sandra , Prlić Nada , Čatipović Branimir
Published: November 2010

This study examined the prevalence of major and minor depression in patients with acute coronary syndrome and their relation with heart rate and heart-rate variability, and clinical characteristics. The study group included 297 patients, 200 men and 97 women, between ages of 21 and 70 years ( M age = 57.5 ± 9.6), who were admitted to a coronary care unit with acute coronary syndrome and survived to discharge from the hospital. Major and minor depression were diagnosed using DSM-IV. There were 44.1% patients with acute coronary syndrome without depression, 29.3% with minor depression, and 26.6% with major depression. The prevalence of minor and major depression was more elevated in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina than in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Ventricular fibrillation and atrial fibrillation were more common in patients with major and minor depression than in patients without depression. The 24-hr. duration of heart-beat intervals and heart-rate variability were significantly lower in patients with major and minor depression than in patients without depression. This study implies that clinical depression was significantly comorbid with the acute coronary syndrome and was related to hypertension, diabetes mellitus, age, sex, type of acute coronary syndrome, left ventricular failure, higher heart rate, and lower heart-rate variability.
Cartoon Music in a Candy Store: A Field Experiment
Authors: Le Guellec Hélène , Guéguen Nicolas , Jacob Céline , Pascual Alexandre
Published: November 2010

An experiment on consumers' behavior was carried out in a new field context. According to a random assignment, 60 customers from ages 12 to 14 years who entered a candy store were exposed to Top Forty music which was usually played in this store, music from cartoons (Captain Flame, Candy, Olive & Tom, etc.), or no music. Analysis showed that customers spent significantly more time in the store when cartoon music was played, but the two styles of music were not related to the amount of money spent.
Reasons for Living Inventory: Cross-Cultural Construct Validity
Authors: Pompili Maurizio , Girardi Paolo , Tatarelli Roberto , Lester David , Rogers James R.
Published: November 2010

The construct validity of the Reasons for Living Inventory was explored with a sample of 340 Italian students. The results of confirmatory factor analysis did not support strongly the six-factor structure previously identified. An exploratory factor analysis indicated a three-factor structure, suggesting that researchers should be cautious in assuming the validity of the six-factor structure in cross-cultural settings.
Does Hand Calculator Use Explain Why University Students Cannot Perform Elementary Arithmetic?
Authors: Rustemeyer Ruth , Stoeger Heidrun
Published: November 2010

In a sample of German students (125 women, 128 men) only 26.3% answered 10 mathematics problems in the D'Amore Test, fewer than Standing, et al. reported. Significant correlations were found for test and self-predicted scores but predictors were not the same in the two studies. Although there were no sex differences, women were more accurate in the mental calculations, especially if they rarely used calculators.
Dimensionality of Subscales for General Support, Informational Support, and Physical Support in the Bosch Support Measure for Survivors of Domestic Abuse
Authors: Bosch Kathy R. , Schumm Walter R.
Published: November 2010

Items from the General Support, Informational Support, and Physical Support subscales of the Bosch Support Measure were developed and administered in a small survey of 56 formerly abused rural women in midwestern USA. Maximum likelihood factor analyses were performed on the total of 16 items. A five-factor solution appeared to produce the best results, but only three of the associated subscales yielded Cronbach alphas greater than .70. Limitations of the study are discussed along with implications for professionals working with abused rural women.
Assessment of Determinants of Compliance to Twelve Health Behaviors: Psychometric Evaluation of the Health Behavior Schedule II
Authors: Frank Maxwell R. , Heiby Elaine M. , Lee Judy H.
Published: November 2010

The test-retest reliability and content and construct validity of the Health Behavior Schedule II were examined. The Health Behavior Schedule II is a self-report intended to assess 45 potential predictors of compliance for 12 mainstream health practices: (1) eating a healthy diet, (2) exercising regularly, (3) flossing teeth daily, (4) protecting skin from sun, (5) wearing a seat belt, (6) practicing safe sex, (7) wearing a bike safety helmet, (8) not smoking cigarettes, (9) limiting alcohol consumption, (10) taking medication as prescribed, (11) obtaining cervical cancer screen, and (12) breast self-examination. The predictor items of the Health Behavior Schedule II were rationally derived from the Health Compliance Model-II and independently evaluated by three expert judges for content validity. The psychometric status of the Schedule was assessed using a multiethnic sample of 461 college students. 12 stepwise multiple regression analyses yielded 24 items as significant predictors of compliance. The configuration of predictor items varied across the 12 health behaviors with self-efficacy as the only common predictor. Effect size estimates were greatest for cervical cancer screening ( R2 = .65) and least for breast self-exams ( R2 = .38). Each predictor has implications for compliance enhancement strategies. These findings provide preliminary support for the utility of the questionnaire in assessing potential improvements in health compliance outcomes among young adults.
Toys, Sociocognitive Traits, and Occupations: Italian Children's Endorsement of Gender Stereotypes
Authors: De Caroli Maria Elvira , Sagone Elisabetta
Published: November 2010

In a sample of 136 Italian children ages 8 to 12 years ( M = 9.6, SD = 1.2; 68 boys, 68 girls), gender stereotypes related to gender-typed toys, traits, and occupational choices were examined, using the forced-choice technique between a male and a female silhouette. Stereotypy was established considering boys' and girls' choices for the 70%–l00% range. Differences in gender stereotyping for age and sex of participants were verified. Analysis indicated children attributed toys prevalently connected with aesthetic aspect and domestic activities to the female silhouette, while technology, warfare, locomotion, and construction toys were attributed to the male. Children attributed physical and verbal aggressiveness and dominance to the male silhouette; the female profile was exclusively characterized by sweetness. The occupational stereotypical male model was structured in both practical-manual activities and of highly cultural and specialist relevance, while for the female model the number of activities, mainly of a domestic type, were reduced. Significant main effect of sex of children was found, but no significant age-related differences in the three domains. Results were discussed within the framework of gender-stereotype theories.
Does Two-Year Stability for Scale Scores of Psychosocial Factors Differ by Socioeconomic Position?
Authors: Lundberg Johanna , Karlsson Nadine , Kristenson Margareta
Published: November 2010

Previous longitudinal studies have demonstrated the importance of measuring stability of risk factors over time to correct for attenuation bias. The present aim was to assess the stability of scores for eight psychometric scales over a 2-yr. period and whether stability differed by socioeconomic position. Baseline data were collected during 2003–2004 from 1,007 men and women ages 45 to 69 years. Follow-up data were collected in 2006 from a total of 795 men and women. Analysis showed that stability over 2 yr. was moderate and tended to be lower in groups of low socioeconomic position. It is suggested that correction of attenuation bias is relevant in longitudinal studies for psychosocial factors, especially for groups of low socioeconomic position.
Psychopathology of Excitatory and Compulsive Aspects of Vandalistic Graffiti
Authors: Pani Roberto , Sagliaschi Samanta
Published: November 2010

In this paper were explored psychological themes underlying vandalistic graffiti by 162 Italian adolescents (154 boys, 8 girls; M age = 17.5 yr., SD = 2.3) who “felt hooked” on vandalistic graffiti and agreed to participate in an interview with a graffiti writer. Use of this interview could clarify the motivations which led these youths to write on walls, the meaning they give to that act, the emotions they feel as they write, and their perception of risks and excitement involved. Qualitative analysis of their responses suggested these adolescents present a marked excitatory–compulsive trait, report a sense of emptiness, boredom, loneliness, and a lack of internal points of reference, and adopt behaviors linked to a pressing need for immediate gratification.
Lie-Detection Biases among Male Police Interrogators, Prisoners, and Laypersons
Authors: Elaad Eitan
Published: November 2010

Beliefs of 28 male police interrogators, 30 male prisoners, and 30 male laypersons about their skill in detecting lies and truths told by others, and in telling lies and truths convincingly themselves, were compared. As predicted, police interrogators overestimated their lie-detection skills. In fact, they were affected by stereotypical beliefs about verbal and nonverbal cues to deception. Prisoners were similarly affected by stereotypical misconceptions about deceptive behaviors but were able to identify that lying is related to pupil dilation. They assessed their lie-detection skill as similar to that of laypersons, but less than that of police interrogators. In contrast to interrogators, prisoners tended to rate lower their lie-telling skill than did the other groups. Results were explained in terms of anchoring and self-assessment bias. Practical aspects of the results for criminal interrogation were discussed.
Correlations of Changes in Weight and Body Satisfaction for Obese Women Initiating Exercise: Assessing Effects of Ethnicity
Authors: Annesi James J.
Published: November 2010

A significant relationship between changes in Body Mass Index and Body Areas Satisfaction scores was found for a sample of obese Euro-American ( n = 97), but not for African-American ( n = 79), women initiating a moderate exercise program. For the African-American women only, compliance with the assigned exercise regimen directly predicted change in Body Areas Satisfaction. Implications of ethnicity for behavioral weight loss treatment were discussed.
An Evaluation of Nonassaultive, Assaultive, and Sexually Assaultive Adolescents at Pretrial Sentencing: A Comparison on Cognition, Personality, Aggression, and Criminal Sentiments
Authors: Valliant Paul M. , Clark Lisa M.
Published: November 2010

This study evaluated male adolescents who were convicted of offenses. Test scores of 12 nonassaultive, 14 assaultive, and 13 sexual offenders were compared prior to sentencing. A battery of psychometric tests evaluating cognition, scholastic ability, personality, aggression, and criminal sentiments were administered. Significant differences were noted for the subtest Block Design of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Significant personality measures were also noted for Social Introversion and Addiction Acknowledgement of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–Adolescent Form, and the Inhibited, Sexual Discomfort, Peer Insecurity, Substance Abuse Proneness, and Anxious Feelings of the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory. There were significant differences noted for the State Anger, Feel Like Expressing Anger Verbally, Feel Like Expressing Anger Physically, Trait Anger, Angry Temperament, Angry Reaction, Anger Expression–Out, and Anger Expression Index of the Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Discriminant analyses showed the three groups could be separated by stepwise procedure.
Sex, IQ, and Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Furnham Adrian
Published: November 2010

150 young bankers estimated their IQ (Academic/Cognitive Intelligence) and EQ (Emotional Intelligence) before taking an IQ test. Pearson correlations were r = .40 and .41 between IQ test (Wonderlic Personnel Test) scores ( M = 32.8) and IQ estimates ( M = 27.9) and EQ estimates, respectively. Women's mean self-estimated IQ was significantly lower than men's.
Antecedents of Role Conflict in Compliance-Enhancing Organizations
Authors: Kirkhaug Rudi
Published: November 2010

Compliance-enhancing organizations such as the military and police are characterized by guiding and controlling employees, and they increasingly tend to control and restrict employees' behavior when exposed to external uncertainty. Restrictions on employees' behavior are intended to increase efficiency safety, and combat readiness through reducing misunderstandings and conflicts. However, many writers have argued that the most natural reaction to external unpredictability and uncertainty is internal flexibility and utilizing the entire range of employees' qualifications. The question raised in this study is whether restrictions imply that employees feel they are subject to incompatible work conditions and are deprived of resources and opportunities to execute their everyday responsibilities and thereby experience role conflict. Hierarchical regression analyses performed on data from 71 police and 71 army officers showed that rules and routines that were perceived as restrictive or coercive better explained role conflict among employees than either leadership loyalty, commitment, and rules or routines that were perceived as enabling.
Kamikaze Attack Survivors: How Accurate are Their PTSD Reports?
Authors: Chara Paul J. , Chara Kathleen A.
Published: November 2010

12 survivors of the USS Emmons ( M age = 81.3 yr., SD = 3.26), which was sunk by kamikaze attacks during World War II, were given an adapted form of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian. Five of their wives ( M age = 78.8 yr., SD = 3.42) and 16 of their children ( M age = 50.2 yr., SD = 5.37) estimated the veterans' checklist scores. The combined wives' and children's mean score estimate was nearly identical to the veterans' mean checklist score. Analysis using the Wilcoxon signed rank test comparing the veterans' self-reports and their family members' estimated reports of them was statistically insignificant. The findings suggest that Emmons survivors' PTSD reports are reliable.
Toward a General Theory of Diary Panels
Authors: Toh Rex S. , Hu Michael Y.
Published: November 2010

This article represents an integration of findings reported in seven articles on diary panels that the authors have published, based on the AT&T database. There are four major issues involved with diary panels, to wit: respondent noncooperation involving item nonresponse and attrition, bias leading to estimation errors, mathematical artifacts involving regression toward the mean, and the conditioning effect of being observed. An integrated conceptual framework for diaries is advanced, consisting of five independent variables (questionnaire design, length of participation, level of aggregation, duration of usage, and defining usage rate with length used), four mediating variables (degree of difficulty, participation fatigue, natural mortality, and level of involvement), and six dependent variables (item nonresponse, attrition, accuracy, regression toward the mean, the conditioning effect, and estimation regression). This attempt at a general theory of diary panels is admittedly incomplete, but is meant to serve as a useful conceptual framework for further research on longitudinal studies involving record keeping and reporting.
On Counterbalancing of Symptom-Reporting in Trauma Surveys
Authors: Reddy Madhavi K. , Polusny Melissa A. , Murdoch Maureen
Published: November 2010

Some traumatic stress research surveys are potentially subject to context effects, such as priming, because they include questions about traumatic experiences and trauma-related symptoms within the same survey. In this study, asking about traumatic experiences before or after asking about PTSD influenced symptom reporting was investigated in a sample of 424 National Guard soldiers. Results indicate ordering of symptom measures immediately before or after reports of combat experiences did not influence reports of PTSD symptoms. Implications of results are discussed.
Do Clients' Problem-Solving Appraisals Predict Career Counseling Outcomes or Vice Versa? A Reanalysis of Heppner, et al.
Authors: Lee Dong-Gwi , Park Hyun-Joo , Heppner Mary J.
Published: November 2010

Using Heppner, et al.'s data from 2004, this study tested career counseling clients in the United States on problem-solving appraisal scores and career-related variables. A cross-lagged panel design with structural equation modeling was used. Results supported the link between clients' precounseling problem-solving appraisal scores and career outcome. This finding held for career decision-making, but not for vocational identity. The study provided further support for Heppner, et al.'s findings, highlighting the influential role of clients' problem-solving appraisals in advancing their career decision-making processes.
Interaction between Self-Efficacy and Initial Performance in Predicting the Complexity of Task Chosen
Authors: Tabernero Carmen , Wood Robert E.
Published: November 2010

Research on motivation has confirmed the predictive power of cognitive-affective variables on performance in complex tasks. However, less attention has been given to the determinants of task choice in situations where there is discretion about which task is to be undertaken. An experimental study was designed to analyze the role of dispositional variables (goal orientations and need for cognition) and self-regulatory variables (self-efficacy, intrinsic satisfaction, and task involvement) in the complexity of task chosen. 117 students participated in a complex decision-making task with different levels of difficulty. Results indicated that the avoidance performance goal orientation can predict the difficulty of the task chosen. Self-efficacy beliefs contribute to explaining the range of difficulty people consider feasible to attempt when initial performance is controlled. Individuals with high self-efficacy chose tasks that maximized their learning opportunities.
Representation of Individuals' Ideational Knowledge through Their Knowledge Maps
Authors: Hoz Ron
Published: November 2010

The Knowledge Map is considered an external representation of an individual's ideational (commonly called declarative or conceptual) knowledge stored in ideational (or propositional) memory. The Knowledge Map contains 4 graphic components: concepts, concept clusters, multicomponent links, and texts. The graphic components are mutually related by their inclusion and connectedness, and their analysis yields numerous visible and abstract unitary dimensions which have local, intermediate, and global values described by a 3-level framework and correspond to the elements of the ideational memory. That correspondence and the nature of these dimensions imply the Bigness of Change and Interminate Changes principles: all changes in the Knowledge Map and ideational memory are expansive, and in ideational memory they are expansive and never-ending.
Excessive Computer Game Playing among Norwegian Adults: Self-Reported Consequences of Playing and Association with Mental Health Problems
Authors: Wenzel H. G. , Bakken I. J. , Johansson A. , Götestam K. G. , Øren Anita
Published: November 2010

Computer games are the most advanced form of gaming. For most people, the playing is an uncomplicated leisure activity; however, for a minority the gaming becomes excessive and is associated with negative consequences. The aim of the present study was to investigate computer game-playing behaviour in the general adult Norwegian population, and to explore mental health problems and self-reported consequences of playing. The survey includes 3,405 adults 16 to 74 years old (Norway 2007, response rate 35.3%). Overall, 65.5% of the respondents reported having ever played computer games (16-29 years, 93.9%; 30-39 years, 85.0%; 40-59 years, 56.2%; 60-74 years, 25.7%). Among 2,170 players, 89.8% reported playing less than 1 hr. as a daily average over the last month, 5.0% played 1-2 hr. daily 3.1% played 2–4 hr. daily, and 2.2% reported playing>4 hr. daily. The strongest risk factor for playing > 4 hr. daily was being an online player, followed by male gender, and single marital status. Reported negative consequences of computer game playing increased strongly with average daily playing time. Furthermore, prevalence of self-reported sleeping problems, depression, suicide ideations, anxiety, obsessions/compulsions, and alcohol/substance abuse increased with increasing playing time. This study showed that adult populations should also be included in research on computer game-playing behaviour and its consequences.
Graphology and Personality: An Empirical Study on Validity of Handwriting Analysis
Authors: Dazzi Carla , Pedrabissi Luigi
Published: November 2010

The aim of the present work was to examine validity of the graphological method to assess personality traits. The results of two studies are described. In Study 1, the Big Five Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 101 university students who provided a sample of a handwritten text. Two graphologists were asked to detect the same dimensions and facets measured by the Big Five Questionnaire using a 9-point scale. Correlations between the Big Five Questionnaire and graphological evaluations did not confirm the capability of handwriting analysis to measure Big Five personality traits. Also, interrater reliability was very low. Study 2 ( N = 102) was carried out using handwritten texts with autobiographical content for the graphological analysis. Two different graphologists and two laypersons were involved. No evidence was found to validate the graphological method as a measure of personality.
Intra-Individual Subtest Variability on the Dutch Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children—Revised (WISC–RNL) for Children with Learning Disabilities, Psychiatric Disorders, and Epilepsy
Authors: van Iterson Loretta , Kaufman Alan S.
Published: November 2010

It is common practice to look at disparities among subtest scores (“scatter”) on an intelligence test to establish if a score is deviant. However, it remains unclear whether subtest scatter reflects primarily normal variation within individuals or is clinically meaningful. The present study explored this issue based on data from 467 children with developmental disabilities tested on the Dutch WISC–RNL. Of these children, 132 had learning disabilities, 178 had psychiatric disorders, and 157 had epilepsy. Subtest scatter was defined as scaled-score range (highest minus lowest scaled score). When contrasted with “normal scatter,” the overall sample revealed higher ranges on the Performance Scale and Full Scale, although effect sizes were small. Analysis of the data for the three separate clinical samples revealed unusual scatter only for the sample of children with psychiatric disorders. When comparing the clinical samples, scaled-score range was larger for the sample of children with psychiatric disorders than for those with epilepsy. Two distinct subsamples revealed elevated ranges with moderate effect sizes: children with autistic spectrum disorders and children with left hemisphere seizures. These results suggest that elevated subtest scaled-score range might characterize specific clinical samples rather than denoting an overall sign of pathology.
Quantum Entanglements and Hauntological Relations of Inheritance: Dis/continuities, SpaceTime Enfoldings, and Justice-to-Come
Authors: Barad Karen
Published: November 2010

How much of philosophical, scientific, and political thought is caught up with the idea of continuity? What if it were otherwise? This paper experiments with the disruption of continuity. The reader is invited to participate in a performance of spacetime (re)configurings that are more akin to how electrons experience the world than any journey narrated though rhetorical forms that presume actors move along trajectories across a stage of spacetime (often called history). The electron is here invoked as our host, an interesting body to inhabit (not in order to inspire contemplation of flat-footed analogies between ‘macro’ and ‘micro’ worlds, concepts that already presume a given spatial scale), but a way of thinking with and through dis/continuity – a dis/orienting experience of the dis/jointedness of time and space, entanglements of here and there, now and then, that is, a ghostly sense of dis/continuity, a quantum dis/continuity. There is no overarching sense of temporality, of continuity, in place. Each scene diffracts various temporalities within and across the field of spacetimemattering. Scenes never rest, but are reconfigured within, dispersed across, and threaded through one another. The hope is that what comes across in this dis/jointed movement is a felt sense of différance, of intra-activity, of agential separability – differentiatings that cut together/apart – that is the hauntological nature of quantum entanglements.
The Non-Ethical Opening of Ethics: A Response to Derek Attridge
Authors: Hägglund Martin
Published: November 2010

This paper is a response to Derek Attridge's review of my book Radical Atheism: Derrida and the Time of Life, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008. Attridge's review was published in Derrida Today Vol. 2, Issue 2 (2009), pp. 271–281, the arguments of which have also been incorporated in Attridge's recent book Reading and Responsibility, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010.
Clone Stories: ‘Shallow are the souls that have forgotten how to shudder’
Authors: Marks John
Published: November 2010

This article explores literary interrogations of the bioethical implications of cloning. It does so by outlining the basic science of cloning before going on to question the dominance of the Freudian notion of the ‘uncanny’ in the critical theoretical responses to cloning by figures such as Jean Baudrillard and Slavoj Žižek. The second half of the article turns to two recent novels exploring the theme of cloning: Eva Hoffman's The Secret, and Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go. It is argued that the former rehearses familiar themes of revulsion connected to the figure of the clone, yet resolves the struggle for identity in a ‘human’ conclusion; whereas the latter maintains the uncanny in-human difference of the clone even as it highlights the dangers of the biopolitical instrumentalization of life itself. The article therefore argues that fictional treatments of cloning can provide an important alternative to simplified debates on the subject in the mass media.
Psychodrame : la technique du double
Authors: Avron Ophélia
Published: November 2010

L’article aborde une présentation de la technique du double au cours du psychodrame analytique, un rappel de sa création par Moreno dans une perspective groupale phénoménologique, la reprise de cette technique spécifique du double au cours du psychodrame de groupe dans une perspective psychanalytique élargie intégrant les processus intrapsychiques et interpsychiques. Les processus interpsychiques sont conçus à travers la co-émotionnalité participative rythmique assurant l’articulation du monde psychique interne avec l’environnement humain. À travers trois exemples sont mises en évidence les situations où l’utilisation de la technique du double peut devenir mobilisatrice et étayante pour des patients dont les fondements identitaires sont insuffisamment assurés ou en grave dysfonctionnement.
Quand le double n'a pas sa place
Authors: Le Gall Didier
Published: November 2010

Sans doute parce que « recomposer » apparaît comme l’inverse de « rompre », nos représentations courantes ne nous prédisposent pas à voir que la recomposition familiale contraint les partenaires, comme dans les cas de séparation, à effectuer une partition des biens mobiliers. La problématique du « double » (deux gazinières, deux canapés...) impose en effet aux partenaires de devoir faire des choix. Confrontés lors de leur installation à ce délicat problème qui contraint stricto sensu non à partager (qui garde quoi ?), mais, plus douloureux peut-être, à sélectionner (que garde-t-on ?), comment les partenaires procèdent-ils ? L’auteur propose ici un arrêt sur image sur ce point aveugle du processus de recomposition familiale qui engage l’avenir tant en ce qui concerne la conception de l’habiter que l’intégration conjugale et familiale.
Être un adulte transitionnel ou Comment permettre à l'enfant de se dégager de l'impact du trauma
Authors: Romano Hélène
Published: November 2010

Écouter, prendre en charge un enfant victime de maltraitance est une expérience bouleversante. Pour permettre à l’enfant de se dégager du trauma, les adultes doivent réussir à s’ajuster à cet enfant et devenir des « adultes transitionnels », ceux par qui la souffrance, la gêne, le dégoût, la frayeur « peuvent parler » sans crainte d’être incompris. Cet article propose de décrire les processus psychiques à l’œuvre tant du côté de l’enfant que du côté de l’adulte confident ; il décrit également les risques de survictimisation quand la qualité de l’ajustement n’est pas suffisante et propose des modalités de prises en charge « suffisamment bonnes » pour permettre de ne pas hypothéquer davantage le devenir de ces bébés, enfants et adolescents maltraités.
La culture de l'information et l'héritage documentaire
Authors: Le Deuff Olivier
Published: November 2010

Résumé Avec la « société de l’information » est apparue la notion de « culture de l’information » qui, bien au-delà des professionnels, concerne aujourd’hui tout un chacun. En s’appuyant sur la littérature scientifique et sur une enquête menée auprès des acteurs de terrain, Olivier Le Deuff montre dans cet article l’influence de la documentation et des professionnels de l’information-documentation sur ce concept de culture de l’information. Il évoque notamment l’héritage des techniques documentaires en tant que technologies de l’intelligence et l’influence des associations professionnelles dans l’émergence et la construction du concept. Ce dernier s’inscrit dans la poursuite pédagogique et scientifique d’une politique de rationalisation dont relève désormais la didactique de l’information.
L'éclatement de la guerre en corée et l'opinion française
Authors: Becker Jean-Jacques
Published: November 2010

Résumé Une guerre bien oubliée, c’est la guerre de Corée qui a fait plus d’un million de morts entre 1950 et 1953, suite à l’invasion de la Corée du Sud par la Corée du Nord communiste. Elle aurait pu provoquer le passage de la guerre froide à une guerre mondiale. Pourquoi et comment cela ne fut-il pas ?
Mass Spectrometry‐Based Identification of Protein Kinase Substrates Utilizing Engineered Kinases and Thiophosphate Labeling
Authors: Chi Yong , Clurman Bruce E.
Published: November 2010

Protein kinases constitute a large enzyme family with key roles in cellular signal transduction. One way to elucidate the functions of protein kinases is to systematically identify their downstream targets. Presented here is a simple and effective method to identify direct protein kinase substrates in native cell lysates. First, the activity of the kinase of interest is isolated by engineering the normal kinase to utilize bulky ATP analogs that cannot be used by normal cellular kinases. This allows specific labeling of substrates with thiophosphate tags by performing kinase reactions in cell lysates that also include bulky ATP‐γ‐S analogs. After digesting the proteins in the reaction mixture, thiophosphopeptides are isolated using a single‐step capture‐and‐release protocol and identified by mass spectrometry. This technique is easy to use and generally applicable. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 2:219‐234 © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Improved Synthesis of Bulk Metallic Glasses by Current‐Assisted Copper Mold Casting
Authors: Stoica Mihai , Bàrdos Andràs , Roth Stefan , Varga Lajos K. , Schultz Ludwig , Lovas Antal , Eckert Jürgen
Published: November 2010

The amorphous alloys, especially the bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), possess special properties, making them very attractive for applications as structural and functional materials. The most important criterion for amorphization is that during cooling from the liquid state crystal nucleation and growth is avoided. The casting technologies currently available do not allow preparation of amorphous parts with complicated geometries. A DC electrical current applied between the molten metal and the mold during the ejection may inhibit heterogeneous nucleation by modifying the surface tension of the liquid alloy. More, by reducing the surface tension, the molten alloy flows better, filling even complicated molds. Using this new technique, the casting processes may become reproducible and can be relatively easily scaled up to the industrial requirements for mass production.
Analysis of Ce‐ and Yb‐Doped TAGS‐85 Materials with Enhanced Thermoelectric Figure of Merit
Authors: Levin E. M. , Cook B. A. , Harringa J. L. , Bud’ko S. L. , Venkatasubramanian R. , Schmidt‐Rohr K.
Published: November 2010

Doping of TAGS‐85 with 1 at% Ce or Yb forms a dilute magnetic semiconductor system with non‐interacting localized magnetic moments that obey the Curie law. X‐ray diffraction patterns and slight broadening in125Te NMR, attributed to paramagnetic effects, suggest that Ce and Yb atoms are incorporated into the lattice.125Te NMR spin‐lattice relaxation and Hall effect show similar hole concentrations of ≈1021cm−3. At 700 K, the electric conductivity of the Ce‐ and Yb‐doped samples is similar to that of neat TAGS‐85, while the thermal conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient are larger by 6% and 16%, respectively. Possible mechanisms responsible for the observed increase in thermopower may include i) formation of resonance states near the Fermi level and ii) carrier scattering by lattice distortions and/or by paramagnetic ions. Due to the increase in the Seebeck coefficient up to 205 μV K−1, the thermoelectric power factor of Ce‐ and Yb‐doped samples reaches 36 μW cm−1K−2, which is larger than that measured for neat TAGS‐85, 27 μW cm−1K−2. The increase in the Seebeck coefficient overcomes the increase in the thermal conductivity, resulting in a total increase of the figure of merit by ≈25% at 700 K compared to that observed for neat TAGS‐85.
Engineering a Robust, Versatile Amphiphilic Membrane Surface Through Forced Surface Segregation for Ultralow Flux‐Decline
Authors: Chen Wenjuan , Su Yanlei , Peng Jinming , Dong Yanan , Zhao Xueting , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: November 2010

Unlike biofoulants/pollutants, oil foulants/pollutants are prone to coalesce, spread and migrate to form continuous fouling layer covering on the surfaces. Therefore, such kind of fouling can not be simply alleviated by hydrophilic modification with currently extensively used antifouling materials such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based or zwitterionic polymers etc. In the present study, an amphiphilic porous membrane surface, comprising hydrophilic fouling resistant domains and hydrophobic fouling release microdomains, is explored via a "forced surface segregation" approach. The resultant membranes exhibit both superior oil‐fouling and bio‐fouling resistant property: membrane fouling is exquisitely suppressed and the permeation flux‐decline is decreased to an ultralow level. It can be envisaged that the present study may open a novel avenue to the design and construction of robust, versatile antifouling surfaces.
Comparison of dental measurement systems for taxonomic assignment of first molars
Authors: Benazzi Stefano , Coquerelle Michael , Fiorenza Luca , Bookstein Fred , Katina Stanislav , Kullmer Ottmar
Published: November 2010

Morphometrics of the molar crown is based traditionally on diameter measurements but is nowadays more often based on 2D image analysis of crown outlines. An alternative approach involves measurements at the level of the cervical line. We compare the information content of the two options in a three‐dimensional (3D) digital sample of lower and upper first molars (M1 and M1) of modern human and Neanderthal teeth. The cervical outline for each tooth was created by digitizing the cervical line and then sectioning the tooth with a best fit plane. The crown outline was projected onto this same plane. The curves were analyzed by direct extraction of diameters, diagonals, and area and also by principal component analysis either of the residuals obtained by regressing out these measurements from the radii (shape information) or directly by the radii (size and shape information). For M1, the crown and cervical outline radii allow us to discriminate between Neanderthals and modern humans with 90% and 95% accuracy, respectively. Fairly good discrimination between the groups (80–82.5%) was also obtained using cervical measurements. With respect to M1, general overlap of the two groups was obtained by both crown and cervical measurements; however, the two taxa were differentiable by crown outline residuals (90–97%). Accordingly, while crown diameters or crown radii should be used for taxonomic analysis of unworn or slightly worn M1s, the crown outline, after regressing out size information, could be promising for taxonomic assignment of lower M1s. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Admixed ancestry and stratification of Quebec regional populations
Authors: Bherer Claude , Labuda Damian , Roy‐Gagnon Marie‐Hélène , Houde Louis , Tremblay Marc , Vézina Hélène
Published: November 2010

Population stratification results from unequal, nonrandom genetic contribution of ancestors and should be reflected in the underlying genealogies. In Quebec, the distribution of Mendelian diseases points to local founder effects suggesting stratification of the contemporary French Canadian gene pool. Here we characterize the population structure through the analysis of the genetic contribution of 7,798 immigrant founders identified in the genealogies of 2,221 subjects partitioned in eight regions. In all but one region, about 90% of gene pools were contributed by early French founders. In the eastern region where this contribution was 76%, we observed higher contributions of Acadians, British and American Loyalists. To detect population stratification from genealogical data, we propose an approach based on principal component analysis (PCA) of immigrant founders' genetic contributions. This analysis was compared with a multidimensional scaling of pairwise kinship coefficients. Both methods showed evidence of a distinct identity of the northeastern and eastern regions and stratification of the regional populations correlated with geographical location along the St‐Lawrence River. In addition, we observed a West‐East decreasing gradient of diversity. Analysis of PC‐correlated founders illustrates the differential impact of early versus latter founders consistent with specific regional genetic patterns. These results highlight the importance of considering the geographic origin of samples in the design of genetic epidemiology studies conducted in Quebec. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the study of deep ascending genealogies can accurately reveal population structure. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Piriformis and obturator internus morphology: A cadaveric study
Authors: Pine James , Binns Malcolm , Wright Phil , Soames Roger
Published: November 2010

Preservation of piriformis during exposure of the hip joint via a posterior approach may result in a lower rate of dislocation following total hip arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to identify anatomical variations in the tendons of piriformis and obturator internus which could inform piriformis sparing approaches to the hip. Twenty‐nine proximal femora from 15 cadavers, 5 male and 10 female aged 65–79 years, were examined. Tendon crossing angles, location and mode of insertion to the greater trochanter and the extent of fusion between tendons prior to insertion were noted. The mean (and associated standard deviation) of the vertical and horizontal widths of the piriformis tendon were 4.78 ± 1.31 mm and 7.35 ± 1.74 mm, respectively. The mean (and associated standard deviation) of the vertical and horizontal widths of the obturator internus tendon were 6.87 ± 1.61 mm and 5.72 ± 1.38 mm, respectively. The mean distances of the anterior and posterior margins of the piriformis tendon insertion from the posterior limit of the greater trochanter, defined as a percentage of the anteroposterior length of the greater trochanter, were 63.3% ± 9.4% and 43.0% ± 9.4%, respectively. Equivalent mean distances for the obturator internus insertion were 73.0% ± 6.6% and 55.9% ± 7.0%, respectively. On the basis of the relationship between the piriformis and obturator internus tendons in terms of the angle and point at which they cross, in addition to any degree of tendon fusion, four classifications were identified. This study shows that the most posterior margins of the piriformis and obturator internus attachments are located more than one‐third of the way along the greater trochanter, suggesting that current osteotomies would not include these external rotators in the majority of cases. Clin. Anat. 24:70–76, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brachialis insertion measurement: An anatomic cadaver study for plate fixation of the coronoid process fracture
Authors: MA Jun‐Feng , Chang Shi‐Min
Published: November 2010

Detailed assessment of the proximity of the brachialis insertion to the anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament and its potential influence on plate application for the treatment of the coronoid process fracture has not been reported previously. The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomic interval used for coronoid plate and the measurement of the brachialis insertion to confirm partial release of the insertion site may be required during plate fixation of the coronoid process fracture. After eight fresh‐frozen cadaveric elbows were dissected, the interval between the brachialis insertion and the attachment of the anterior bundle of medial collateral ligament was identified, and the gross morphological characteristics of the brachialis insertion were also recorded. The average width of the interval was 4.14 mm, and the brachialis was found to be consisted of a superficial head and a deep head, and insertion of the deep head was composed of three units: a medial aponeurosis, a lateral aponeurosis, and muscle fibers inserted directly into the ulna. The interval between the brachialis insertion and the attachment of the anterior bundle of medial collateral ligament can be used for placement of the coronoid plate regardless of the plate type. Partial release of the brachialis insertion is necessary during the operation, while the width of the plate is larger than that of the interval. This study may provide some useful information on plate application for the treatment of the coronoid process fracture. Clin. Anat. 24:179–182, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An examination of the usage and impact of upward influence tactics by workers in the hospitality sector of Taiwan: Expanding the framework of rao, schmidt, and murray (1995)
Authors: Su Che‐Jen
Published: November 2010

This study adds the political tendencies of subordinates and their organizational socialization as antecedents to the Rao, Schmidt, and Murray (1995) framework of the use of upward influence tactics. Supervisor trust in the subordinate was added as an outcome. Furthermore, using 278 subordinate‐supervisor dyads in the Taiwanese hotel industry, a full range of influence tactics were examined. Political tendencies and socialization were associated with subordinate use of influence tactics. However, assertiveness was the only tactic strongly and negatively associated with both performance rating and the level of trust the manager placed in the subordinate. Importantly, these negative effects were mediated by supervisor impressions of subordinate tenacity and disagreeableness. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure–Activity Relationship Study of 16 a‐Thiocamptothecins: an Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Approach
Authors: Samorì Cristian , Beretta Giovanni L. , Varchi Greta , Guerrini Andrea , Di%emsp14;Micco Simone , Basili Serena , Bifulco Giuseppe , Riccio Raffaele , Moro Stefano , Bombardelli Ezio , Zunino Franco , Fontana Gabriele
Published: November 2010

The instability of the hydroxylactone E ring represents a critical drawback of camptothecins, because the lactone ring is recognized to be essential for stabilization of topoisomerase I‐mediated DNA cleavage. In an attempt to investigate the effect of the thiopyridone pharmacophofore on the molecular and pharmacological features of the drug, we prepared a series of novel 16 a‐thiocamptothecin analogues. Due to the sulfur atom, a destabilization of the hydrogen bond between the hydroxy group in position 17 of the opened E ring and the carbonyl of the pyridone moiety is predicted, thus shifting the equilibrium toward the closed lactone form and increasing the lipophilic properties of the compounds. This feature was associated with superior antiproliferative potency, with reduced interaction with the human serum albumin and with substantial increase of the persistence of the topoisomerase I–DNA cleavable complex. These effects were prominent for thio‐SN38, the most active compound of the series. The favorable interactions at the molecular and cellular level of the reported thiocamptothecins confer promising features, and these compounds warrant preclinical development.
Diabetes and breast cancer among women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations
Authors: Bordeleau Louise , Lipscombe Lorraine , Lubinski Jan , Ghadirian Parviz , Foulkes William D. , Neuhausen Susan , Ainsworth Peter , Pollak Michael , Sun Ping , Narod Steven A. ,   the Hereditary Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND:

Hyperinsulinemia and the metabolic syndrome are both risk factors for breast cancer. It is not clear if diabetes is associated with the risk of breast cancer in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.

METHODS:

The authors reviewed the medical histories of 6052 women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, half of whom had been diagnosed with breast cancer. They estimated the odds ratio for breast cancer, given a self‐report of diabetes. They then estimated the hazard ratio for a new diagnosis of diabetes associated with a history of breast cancer.

RESULTS:

There was no excess of diabetes in the period before the diagnosis of breast cancer, compared with controls with no diagnosis of breast cancer. The risk of diabetes was doubled among BRCA carriers in the 15‐year period after the diagnosis of breast cancer (relative risk, 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4‐2.8; P = .0001), compared with carriers without cancer. The risk was particularly high for women with a body mass index (BMI) >25.0 kg/m2 (odds ratio, 5.8; 95% CI, 4.0‐8.6; P = .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

After a diagnosis of breast cancer, women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation face a 2‐fold increase in the risk of diabetes, which is exacerbated by a high BMI. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.