bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The predicted load balancing algorithm based on the dynamic exponential smoothing
Authors: Yan Lijie , Liu Xudong
Published: August 2020

To a large extent, the load balancing algorithm affects the clustering performance of the computer. This paper illustrated the common load balancing algorithms and elaborated on the advantages and drawbacks of such algorithms. In addition, this paper provides a kind of balancing algorithm generated on the basis of the load prediction. Due to the dynamic exponential smoothing model, such an algorithm helps obtain the corresponding smoothing coefficient with the server node load time series of current phrase and allows researchers to make prediction with the load value at the next moment of this node. Subsequently, the dispatcher makes the scheduling with the serve request of users according to the load predicted value. OPNET Internet simulated software is applied to the test, and we may conclude from the results that the application of such an algorithm acquires a higher load balancing efficiency and better load balancing effect.
Shared multisensory sexual arousal in virtual reality (VR) environments
Authors: Aleksandrovich Angelina , Gomes Leonardo Mariano
Published: August 2020

This research explores multisensory sexual arousal in men and women, and how it can be implemented and shared between multiple individuals in Virtual Reality (VR). This is achieved through the stimulation of human senses with immersive technology including visual, olfactory, auditory, and haptic triggers. Participants are invited to VR to test various sensory triggers and assess them as sexually arousing or not. A literature review on VR experiments related to sexuality, the concepts of perception and multisensory experiments, and data collected from self-reports was used to conclude. The goal of this research is to establish that sexual arousal is a multisensory event that may or may not be linked to the presence or thought of the intended object of desire (sexual partner). By examining what stimulates arousal, we better understand the multisensory capacity of humans, leading not only to richer sexual experiences but also to the further development of wearable sextech products, soft robotics, and multisensory learning machines. This understanding helps with other research related to human-robot interaction, affection, detection, and transmission in both physical and virtual realities, and how VR technology can help to design a new generation of sex robots.
Newly developed diagnostic methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection
Authors: Saatçi Ebru
Published: August 2020

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19 disease, has caused a substantial worldwide pandemic and has become a significant public health problem. World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 as a devastating health emergency for all countries. Public health officials continue to monitor the situation closely to control this new virus-related outbreak. In order to continue to manage this pandemic, a fast and sensitive diagnosis of COVID-19 is attempted. Emerging tests have become an essential part of the management of the COVID-19 crisis. This review article aims to provide a detailed explanation of ongoing and new diagnostic technologies for SARS-CoV-2 and a summary of method principles. Examples of new diagnostic methods for providing efficient and rapid diagnostic tests for managing the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak are also mentioned.
Chemically modified Quercus dilatata plant leaves for Pb (II), Cd (II), and Cr (VI) ions remediation from aqueous solution
Authors: Salman Syed Muhammad , Zahoor Muhammad , Shahwar Durre , Nisar Amara , Ali Asad , Khan Hizbullah , Ali Farman
Published: August 2020

The current investigation deals with the removal of Pb (II), Cd (II), and Cr (VI) ions by using chemically modified Quercus dilatata leaves (CMQDL) treated with nitric acid (HNO3), and calcium chloride (CaCl2). Batch biosorption experiments were performed to determine the optimal conditions of pH, biomass dose, temperature, contact time, and initial metal concentration for the utmost removal of heavy metals from water. The structural morphology and functionalities were explained by SEM and FTIR analysis. The maximum biosorption capacities for remediation of Pb (II), Cd (II), and Cr (VI) ions via CMQDL were 17.54, 20.408, 20.83 mg g−1, respectively at the optimal conditions. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were applied to explore the equilibrium data however Freundlich isotherm model best evaluate the equilibrium data with high regression correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.985, 0.826, and 0.919 for the elimination of Pb (II) Cd (II), and Cr (VI) ions, respectively. The kinetic study proposed that the remediation operation best obeyed the kinetic pseudo 2nd order model. The calculated thermodynamics functions like change in entropy (ΔS°), change in enthalpy (ΔH°) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) revealed that the removal of Pb (II) ions via the CMQDL was viable, exothermic and spontaneous, Cd (II) was endothermic and spontaneous and Cr (VI) was endothermic and non-spontaneous. The current study explored that CMQDL can be used for the remediation of Pb (II), Cd (II), and Cr (VI) ions, respectively.
Affective Cortical Asymmetry at the Early Developmental Emergence of Emotional Expression
Authors: Bolinger Elaina , Ngo Hong-Viet V. , Kock Vanessa , Wassen Dirk T. , Matuz Tamara , Birbaumer Niels , Born Jan , Zinke Katharina
Published: August 2020

Emotions have an important survival function. Vast amounts of research have demonstrated how affect-related changes in physiology promote survival by effecting short-term and long-term changes in adaptive behavior. However, if emotions truly serve such an inherent function, they should be pervasive across species and be established early in life. Here, using electroencephalographic (EEG) brain activity we sought to characterize core neurophysiological features underlying affective function at the emergence of emotional expression [i.e., at the developmental age when human infants start to show reliable stimulus-elicited emotional states (4–6 months)]. Using an approach that eschews traditional EEG frequency band delineations (like theta, alpha), we demonstrate that negative emotional states induce a strong right hemispheric increase in the prominence of the resonant frequency (∼5–6 Hz) in the infant frontal EEG. Increased rightward asymmetry was strongly correlated with increased heart rate responses to emotionally negative states compared with neutral states. We conclude that functional frontal asymmetry is a key component of emotional processing and suggest that the rightward asymmetry in prominence of the resonant frequency during negative emotional states might reflect functional asymmetry in the central representation of anatomically driven asymmetry in the autonomic nervous system. Our findings indicate that the specific mode hallmarking emotional processing in the frontal cortex is established in parallel with the emergence of stable emotional states very early during development, despite the well known protracted maturation of frontal cortex.
Area 8A within the Posterior Middle Frontal Gyrus Underlies Cognitive Selection between Competing Visual Targets
Authors: Germann Jürgen , Petrides Michael
Published: August 2020

There are several distinct areas in the granular part of the lateral frontal cortex, and these areas provide high-level regulation of cognitive processing. Lesions of the dorsolateral frontal cortex that include area 8A in the human brain and lesions restricted to area 8A in the macaque monkey have demonstrated impairments in tasks requiring selection between visual targets based on rules, such as conditional if/then rules. These same subjects show no impairment in the ability to discriminate between visual stimuli nor in the ability to learn selection rules in general. Area 8A can be considered as a key area for the top-down control of attentional selection. The present functional neuroimaging study demonstrates that activity in area 8A that lies on the posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus underlies the trial-to-trial selection between competing visual targets based on previously acquired conditional rules. Critically, the activity of area 8A could clearly be dissociated from activity related to the performance of eye movements per se that lies posterior to it. Thus, area 8A with its rich corticocortical connections with the posterior parietal region involved in spatial processing and the multisensory temporal cortex appears to be the key prefrontal area for the higher order selection between competing stimuli in the environment, most likely by the allocation of attention.
11β-Hydroxylase loss disrupts steroidogenesis and reproductive function in zebrafish
Authors: Oakes James A , Barnard Lise , Storbeck Karl-Heinz , Cunliffe Vincent T , Krone Nils P
Published: August 2020

The roles of androgens in male reproductive development and function in zebrafish are poorly understood. To investigate this topic, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 to generate cyp11c1 (11β-hydroxylase) mutant zebrafish lines. Our study confirms recently published findings from a different cyp11c1−/− mutant zebrafish line, and also reports novel aspects of the phenotype caused by loss of Cyp11c1 function. We report that Cyp11c1-deficient zebrafish display predominantly female secondary sex characteristics, but may possess either ovaries or testes. Moreover, we observed that cyp11c1−/− mutant male zebrafish are profoundly androgen- and cortisol-deficient. These results provide further evidence that androgens are dispensable for testis formation in zebrafish, as has been demonstrated previously in androgen-deficient and androgen-resistant zebrafish. Herein, we show that the testes of cyp11c1−/− mutant zebrafish exhibit a disorganised tubular structure; and for the first time demonstrate that the spermatic ducts, which connect the testes to the urogenital orifice, are severely hypoplastic in androgen-deficient zebrafish. Furthermore, we show that spermatogenesis and characteristic breeding behaviours are impaired in cyp11c1−/− mutant zebrafish. Expression of nanos2, a type A spermatogonia marker, was significantly increased in the testes of Cyp11c1-deficient zebrafish, whereas expression of markers for later stages of spermatogenesis was significantly decreased. These observations indicate that in zebrafish, production of type A spermatogonia is androgen-independent, but differentiation of type A spermatogonia is an androgen-dependent process. Overall, our results demonstrate that whilst androgens are not required for testis formation, they play important roles in determining secondary sexual characteristics, proper organisation of seminiferous tubules, and differentiation of male germ cells.
Mass spectrometry reveals distinct proteomic profiles in high- and low-quality stallion spermatozoa
Authors: Griffin Róisín A , Swegen Aleona , Baker Mark , Aitken Robert John , Skerrett-Byrne David A , Silva Rodriguez Antonio , Martín-Cano Francisco E , Nixon Brett , Peña Fernando J , Delehedde Maryse , Sergeant Nicolas , Gibb Zamira
Published: August 2020

The horse breeding industry relies upon optimal stallion fertility. Conventional sperm assessments provide limited information regarding ejaculate quality and are not individually predictive of fertilizing potential. The aim of this study was to harness mass spectrometry to compare the proteomic profiles of high- and low-quality stallion spermatozoa, with the ultimate goal of identifying fertility biomarker candidates. Extended stallion semen (n = 12) was fractionated using Percoll density gradients to isolate low-quality and high-quality sperm populations. Motility and morphological assessments were carried out, and proteomic analyses was conducted using UHPLC-MS/MS. High-quality spermatozoa recorded higher total (95.2 ± 0.52% vs 70.6 ± 4.20%; P ≤ 0.001) and progressive motilities (43.4 ± 3.42% vs 27.3 ± 4.32%; P ≤ 0.05), and a higher proportion of morphologically normal cells (50.2 ± 4.34% vs 38.8 ± 2.72%; P ≤ 0.05). In total, 1069 proteins were quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS, of which 22 proteins were significantly more abundant in the high-quality sperm population (P ≤ 0.05). A-kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) and Hexokinase 1 (HK1) were considered possible biomarker candidates and their differential expression was confirmed by immunoblot. Protein expression was significantly correlated with total (AKAP4 R2 = 0.38, P ≤ 0.01; HK1 R2 = 0.46, P ≤ 0.001) and progressive motilities (AKAP4 R 2 = 0.51, P ≤ 0.001; HK1 R2 = 0.55, P ≤ 0.01), percentage rapid (AKAP4 R2 = 0.29, P ≤ 0.05; HK1 R2 = 0.58, P ≤ 0.001), straight-line velocity (HK1 R2 = 0.50, P ≤ 0.01) and straightness (HK1 R2 = 0.40, P ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, AKAP4 was highly susceptible to adduction by 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), which resulted in a global reduction in the phosphorylation profiles following capacitation. In conclusion, the proteomic profiles of high- and low-quality stallion spermatozoa differ substantially, and proteins such as AKAP4 and HK1 could serve as biomarkers of ejaculate quality.
Application of real-time dictionary instead of full-text index for searching in web publications
Authors: Milev P.
Published: August 2020

The article examines topics of searching in web publications. In this sense, the paper presents features of database models, that are suitable for storing such information. In these cases, full-text indexes are mostly used for the implementation of algorithms for searching in the content of web publications. The main purpose of the article is to explore the possibilities of realization of such a database and to present a conceptual data model for searching in web publications using a real-time dictionary. To achieve its goal, the article uses various scientific methods, including study, analysis, research, modeling and experimentation. The results of this paper support the main hypothesis of the study, namely defining the advantages of using a real-time dictionary for searching in web publications. The conclusion highlights the possibilities for improvement of searching in databases, that store web publications.
THEORETICAL-METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF WORK MOTIVATION IN HOSPITAL IN BULGARIA
Authors: Mitev D.
Published: August 2020

The report notes that in today's dynamic conditions the increase in the work motivation of hospital staff has a direct positive effect on the efficiency and the results of their work. The aim of the report is to present the methodological approaches and tools for analyzing and evaluating the work motivation in hospital care. On this basis,is developed a methodological framework for its research, and is also specified which method at which stage of the studyt is appropriate to be implemented.
The value of School Self‑ Assessment for Educational Process Quality Improvement
Authors: Survutaitė Dalia , Venclovė Rasa
Published: August 2020

In Lithuania and in every developed country in the world, it is important to ensure the effectiveness, continuity and competitiveness of educational institutions in new markets. Educational process quality is defined as student’s edification and comprehensive development of student’s innate powers in compliance with the standards of education and school goals.

In educational institutions quality must be ensured by school leaders and teachers as well as the whole school community. That is why it is important to establish an ongoing quality integrity system – self-assessment in schools. The e quality of educational process is assured by a continuous aspiration of perfection requiring to establish a regular and consistent evaluation system which can balance the state education policy, educational institution‘s goals and community needs.

To ascertain self-assessment’s influence of educational process quality in Lithuanian comprehensive schools the following research tasks were raised:

1) to describe the practice of self-assessment quality in Lithuanian comprehensive schools in 2008-2010;

2) to distinguish the advantages of self-assessment that help to raise the quality of the educational process in schools.

A survey was carried out in 2010–2011, to analyze how education quality in Lithuanian comprehensive schools is assessed and managed. Analysis of the survey data revealed that the quality of self-assessment and the usage of its results in comprehensive schools is far from perfect and does not completely meet the needs of students. The e survey confirms the necessity of closer cooperation among school leaders and community, for interaction helps to organize and manage expedient educational practice.
The Impact of ICT on the Personal Self‑Development of Students
Authors: Turganbayeva Botagul Altayevna , Moshkalov Altynbek
Published: August 2020

The article focuses on the impact of information and communication technologies on the students’ self-development, analysis of the degree of the development, and attempts to identify controversy in the system of higher education today. The results of experiment are shown in the paper. Self-development, in our understanding, is a purposeful activity of the individual aimed at improving the quality of their skills and abilities, that is, self-improvement.
Zur Entwicklung einer neuen pädagogischen Wissenschaftsorientierung in Mittel- und Osteuropa und deren Umsetzung in die pädagogische Praxis
Authors: Von Carlsburg Gerd-Bodo
Published: August 2020

In the first part discusses the contribution the question of so-called ‘progressive’ educational innovations and changes that can only work, however convincing, if they are based on a secure basis of legitimacy and argumentation. We must protest against that in education, ‘fashion’ adapted ideology to ideas, even fiction is highly stylized, which is used in its logical consequences rather the confusion in the structuring and specialized language, such as Franz Hofmann  already sends a reminder. Knowledge from the history of science is the starting point of our deliberations.

The second part focuses with the practical consequence, the relationship between teaching method and personal settings of the teachers and the associated impact on the learning environment. It addresses significantly shortcomings of current work, and tries to imagine about that ‘antitype’ of teaching in the form of a traditional, problematic conception of teaching, one of the current teacher ethos characterized teaching on the basis of historically grounded, and the times soon technical and professional competences.

In einem ersten Teil diskutiert der Beitrag die Frage von sog. ‚fortschrittlichen‘ pädagogischen Neuerungen und Veränderungen, die allerdings nur überzeugend wirken können, wenn sie auf einer sicheren Argumentations- und Legitimationsbasis beruhen. Wir müssen uns dagegen verwahren, dass in der Pädagogik der ‚Mode‘ angepasstes Gedankengut zu Ideen, ja Fiktionen hochstilisiert wird, das in seinen logischen Konsequenzen eher der Verwirrung der Strukturierungen und Fachsprache diene, wie Franz Hofmann2 bereits anmahnte. Erkenntnisse aus der Wissenschaftsgeschichte sind Ausgangspunkt der Überlegungen.Der zweite Teil befasst sich mit der praktischen Konsequenz, dem Zusammenhang von Unterrichtsweise und persönlicher Einstellung der Lehrenden und den damit verbundenen Auswirkungen auf das Lernklima. Es werden wesentliche Defizite gegenwärtiger Arbeit angesprochen, und es wird versucht, über das ‚Gegenbild‘ von Unterricht in Form einer überkommenen, problematischen Auffassung von Unterrichten, einen vom aktuellen Lehrerethos geprägten Unterricht auf der Grundlage historisch begründeter und dem Zeitgeist naher Sach- und Handlungskompetenzen vorzustellen.
Links between the Organizational Culture and Strategy: the Case of General Education Schools of Kupiškis District
Authors: Dukynaitė Rita , Baniulienė Modesta
Published: August 2020

Strategy becomes a matter of increasing relevance not only to researchers but also to practitioners and educational institutions. However, it stands as a relevant issue of the school’s activity direction for some of them with motivating to team up, plan the future of their school and act for this sake, while it comes for others as implementation of set regulations, time-waste and production of „papers“. This article analyses the links existing between culture and strategy of the school that are defined by studying research literature and identified through research conducted at general education schools of Kupiškis District. The aim of the article is to establish the link of the District’s schools connecting the school’s everyday life and strategic planning. Significance of the mutual impact of the relation between culture and strategy of the organisation is highlighted in the article. The analysis of the research data of general education institutions of Kupiškis District led to the finding: the links between culture and strategy of schools of the District are diverse; they vary from weak to strong.

However, the relation of any weight shows that well organised and targeted strategic activity of the school makes positive impact on school culture. Educators of the school with higher performance organizational culture improve psychological microclimate at school on their own, they feel greater freedom of wording personal opinion and they better fulfil their potential at work. Importance, relevance of this activity is not clearly realized in schools with weak performance organisational culture; insufficient motivation to contribute to this work, the lack of will and readiness to act is felt there.
Predictors of spontaneous echo contrast and left atrial appendage thrombosis in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Khorkova N. Yu. , Gizatulina T. P. , Belokurova A. V. , Gorbatenko E. A.
Published: August 2020

Aim. To identify predictors of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) and/or left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombosis in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) who are referred for elective cardioversion or catheter ablation (CA).

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of data from 638 patients with nonvalvular AF who were hospitalized from 2014 to 2017 for cardioversion or CA was performed. All patients underwent diagnostic tests, including transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).

Results. According to the TEE results, two groups of patients were formed: group 1 — 95 patients (14,9%) with signs of SEC and/or thrombosis in LAA; group 2 — 543 patients (85,1%) without SEC or thrombosis in LAA. Patients with the phenomenon of SEC and/or LAA thrombosis were older, had a higher risk on the CHA2DS2-VASc score. These patients were more likely to have coronary heart disease (CAD), hypertension, stage IIA chronic heart failure, obese class >II, persistent or permanent AF Patients in both groups did not differ in anticoagulant therapy. Patients in group 1 had a larger size of the left and right atria, right ventricle, left ventricular (LV) end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters, higher LV mass index, lower values of LV ejection fraction and blood flow velocity in LAA. Logistic regression revealed following independent predictors of SEC and/or LAA thrombosis: CAD (odds ratio (OR) 2,289; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1,313-3,990; p=0,003), persistent or permanent AF (OR 2,071; 95% CI 1,222-3,510; p=0,007), LA diameter >43 mm (OR 3,569; 95% CI 2,0822-6,117; p<0,001), concentric or eccentric LV hypertrophy (OR 2,230; 95% CI 1,302-3,819; p=0,003).

Conclusion. As the result, all patients referring for CA or cardioversion, regardless of the CHA2DS2-VASc score, should underwent LAA. According to this study, the presence of CAD, persistent or permanent AF, LA diameter >43 mm, concentric or eccentric LV hypertrophy are independent predictors of SEC and/or LAA thrombosis.
Drug-induced bradycardia as a medical and social problem: data from the Cardiac Drug Overdoses Hospital Registry (STORM)
Authors: Nikulina N. N. , Seleznev S. V. , Chernysheva M. B. , Yаkushin S. S.
Published: August 2020

Aim.To analyze hospitalizations due to drug-induced bradyarrhythmia (DIB) over a 5-year period (2014-2018), its clinical characteristics, causes and outcomes.

Material and methods. The analysis included all hospitalizations due to DIB at the Ryazan Regional Vascular Center in 2017 and 2018 and retrospectively in 2014.

Results.A total of 325 cases of DIB were included in the analysis (age 76,0 [68.0; 82.0] years; men — 26,1%). The proportion of DIB as a hospitalization cause in 2017 increased by 4,3 times compared to 2014 (p<0,001), in 2018 compared to 2014 — by 6,3 times (p<0,001) and compared to 2017 — by 46,2% (p=0,001). We recorded the following manifestations of DIB: bradycardia (<40 bpm — 51,4%), atrioventricular (31,7%) and sinoatrial (29,2%) block, syncope (36,0%), Frederick’s syndrome (8,6%), pauses >3 s (5,9%). Management in intensive care was required in 42,2% of patients, temporary cardiac pacing — in 7,7%, permanent pacemaker — in 6,2%. Mortality rate was 6,2%. Before hospitalization, patients took beta-blockers (65,1%), antiarrhythmic agents (39,6%), cardiac glycosides (23,0%), ^-imidazoline receptor agonist moxonidine (13,5%, its prescription rate increased 8,9 times over 5 years, p=0,004), nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (7,9%), and other drugs (15,4%). In 60,1% of patients, ≥2 drugs with bradycardic action were used, in 22,0% — ≥3, in 8,1% — ≥4, in 10,6% — with an excessive single/daily dose.

Conclusion.The medical and social significance of DIB have been demonstrated. DIB due to exceeding the recommended dose was associated with independent try of patients to manage the deterioration. In other cases, DIB was due to the summation/ potentiation of several drugs’ action, the comorbidities contributing to the development of bradyarrhythmia and/or changes in pharmacokinetic properties of drugs.
Improvement of a bridge connection node with embankment by applying curved approach slabs
Authors: Andreev Vladislav , Ovchinnikov Igor
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to improving the bridge connection node with embankment by application of curved approach slabs.
The most important request by arranging of bridge connection with embankment is to ensure soft entry of transport from the approach embankment to the bridge for the entire period of operation. However, overtime on the road sections of bridge connection with embankment appear soil collapsing, cracks and birdbaths in the carpet. This problem is partially solved by the installation of reinforced-concrete approach slabs buried in the connection zone between the abutment and the approach embankment.
Despite the use of straight approach slabs in the bridge-connection node with embankment, the formation of bumps of grade profile is observed, they reduce road safety, worsen the technical condition of vehicles, cause discomfort to the driver and passengers.
From the structural and technological point of view, request by arranging of bridge connection by curved approach slabs higher functional quality can be achieved. Due to the soft passage of bridge connection node, it is possible to reduce the negative shock-dynamic effects, which will increase the durability of the connection node and approach road pavement.
The article presents several possible to use bridge connection node structures through the use of curved approach slabs: concave, convex and S-shaped. A comparative analysis of bridge-connection structural versions will reveal the most effective construct that can ensure soft passage of the bridge connection node with approach embankment.
Анализ свойств МНК-оценок в случае устранения мультиколлинеарности в задаче параметрической идентификации распределенных динамических процессов
Authors: Матвеев Михаил Григорьевич , Сирота Екатерина Александровна
Published: August 2020

Одной из наиболее сложных задач параметрической идентификации является задача оценки параметров моделей распределенных динамических процессов на основе статистических методов. Известно, что одним из факторов, влияющих на качество полученной модели, например, регрессии, является мультиколлинеарность. Если оцененную модель регрессии предполагается использовать для изучения связей, например, экономических или иного характера, то устранение мультиколлинеарных факторов является обязательным, потому что их наличие в модели может привести к смещенным коэффициентам регрессии. В рамках данной статьи был предложен метод понижения размерности с целью устранения мультиколлинеарности в задаче параметрической идентификации распределенных динамических процессов, а также проведено исследование возможности применения метода наименьших квадратов (МНК) для параметрической идентификации моделей распределенных динамических процессов в случае смещенных оценок. МНК-оценки, полученные в результате метода понижения размерности, названы альтернативными. Необходимо проверить, эффективность применения альтернативных оценок по сравнению с обычными МНК-оценками. Проведенное исследование показало, что при низком уровне погрешностей наблюдения (1 % и ниже) применение прямых МНК-оценок для идентификации параметров распределенных динамических процессов дает удовлетворительные результаты. При этом величина смещения всегда несколько больше величины стандартного отклонения оценки параметра, что не позволяет пренебрегать смещением, особенно при высоком и среднем уровне погрешностей наблюдения. Применение альтернативных МНК-оценок позволяет уменьшить мультиколлинеарность, а, следовательно, понизить размерность задачи. В выборочной статистике и при любом уровне погрешностей наблюдения предложенный метод существенно снижает стандартную ошибку оценки параметров.
Обнаружение скрытого стеганографического вложения и признаков монтажа в области данных аудиофайла
Authors: Гераськин Алексей Сергеевич , Смирнов Егор Дмитриевич
Published: August 2020

Наиболее часто используемые и передаваемые файлы — это аудиофайлы. Однако при такой передаче возникает вопрос об отсутствии модификации данного файла. Широкое распространение звуковых редакторов и различных программ обработки и монтажа аудиозаписей позволяют даже непрофессионалу осуществить фальсификацию фонограммы речи. Также возможна еще одна модификация аудиофайла, такая как использование его в виде стеганографического контейнера. Существует множество методов стеганографии для осуществления передачи информации под видом стандартных файлов. В связи с этим актуален вопрос по созданию методов исследования аудиозаписей и инструментальных средств анализа на наличие признаков их изменения. Поэтому в статье приводится исследование, посвященное обнаружению скрытого стеганографического вложения и признаков изменения в области данных аудиофайла с определением численных критериев принятия решения. Рассматриваются методы статистического анализа аудиофайлов на предмет внесенных изменений в области данных. При анализе внесённых изменений в аудиофайл применяют методы стегоанализа и спектральный анализ. Предлагаются алгоритмы, основанные на оценке изменения статистических характеристиках сигма-отношения «сигнал/шум», позволяющий провести оценку внесенных изменений. Описываются алгоритмы вычисления коэффициента сигма-отношения «сигнал/шум», на отдельных блоках, и на всем файле. Реализованные алгоритмы были проверены на аудиофайлах, в которые вносились следующие изменения: вставка — аудиофайл используется как стегоконтейнер; склейка — соединение двух аудиофайлов; вырезка — аудиофайл модифицируется путем удаления части информации. На основе предложенных методов проведена оценка возможных внесенных изменений. В результате эксперимента было выявлено, что с помощью методов можно оценить склейку аудиофайлов, вырезку фрагмента без предъявления оригинала. В статье приведены данные, которые показывают точность определения внесённых изменений.
Распределение Больцмана в задаче миграции населения
Authors: Данилова Инна Владимировна , Кириллов Александр Николаевич , Крижановский Андрей Анатольевич
Published: August 2020

В данной работе рассматривается задача миграции населения РФ между тремя группами федеральных округов. В первую группу вошли Центральный и Северо-Западный, во вторую — Дальневосточный, Уральский и Сибирский, в третью — Южный, Приволжский и Северо-Кавказский федеральные округа. Предложена модель динамики численностей населения с учетом распределения Больцмана, которое описывает распределение мигрирующего населения по трем заданным территориям. Предложена функция полезности, входящая в распределение Больцмана и, так же предложена, входящая в функцию полезности, мера информированности (притягательности) населения по отношению к рассматриваемым территориям. При этом, мера информированности учитывает экономический фактор — долю населения, живущего выше прожиточного минимума и общую численность населения на рассматриваемых группах федеральных округов. Предполагается, что чем больше общая численность населения на данной территории, тем больше информации об этой территории имеется. Проводится идентификация параметров, характеризующих коэффициенты естественного прироста и доли мигрирующего населения рассматриваемых территорий при различных значениях параметра, характеризующего оптимальность распределения населения по трем заданным территориям. Идентификация параметров модели реализована с помощью метода градиентного спуска с дроблением шага на языке программирования Python3.5. Так же для реализации идентификации параметров использовались данные из официальных статистических источников. На основе проведенной идентификации получены значения распределения Больцмана и миграционных потоков между тремя группами федеральных округов, проведено сравнение модельных данных с реальными, построен прогноз численностей населения для каждой территории. Показано, что значение параметра оптимальности влияет на прогноз численности населения всех трех групп федеральных округов.
Сравнительный анализ процедур кластеризации для обнаружения аномалий показателей, характеризующих функционирование контактной сети железных дорог
Authors: Моисеева Татьяна Александровна , Леденева Татьяна Михайловна
Published: August 2020

В данной статье рассматривается актуальная задача обнаружения аномалий в работе оборудования и её решение методами кластеризации на примере анализа работы оборудования в железнодорожной области. Приводится описание различных стратегий обслуживания и выделяется проактивная стратегия обслуживания в качестве наиболее перспективной. Рассматриваются основные компоненты и задачи системы проактивной стратегии обслуживания в применении к железнодорожному сектору. Подробно рассматривается модуль диагностики и ставится задача обнаружения аномалий на примере значений выборки электрических параметров, характеризующих функционирование контактной сети. Предполагается, что исходными данными для задачи обнаружения аномалий являются временные ряды значений электрических сигналов. Для предварительной обработки данных выбраны методы спектрального анализа: оценка спектральной плотности мощности, и используется метрика, основанная на периодограмме. Для обработки данных используется метод временного окна. Производится сравнение работы метода опорных векторов и метода кластеризации К-средних на тестовых данных и оценивается доля правильных ответов. Были подобраны оптимальные параметры процедур.
Anachronistic Progress? User Notions of Lie Detection in the Juridical Field
Authors: Paul Bettina , Fischer Larissa , Voigt Torsten H.
Published: August 2020

In recent years, progress in the field of lie detection has been linked to technological advances from classic polygraphs to neuroscientific brain imaging. In our empirical investigation, however, we found different notions of progress that do not comply with the popular understanding of progress as technological innovation. We follow the users of lie detection procedures in Germany in order to discern how they embrace seemingly old technologies and frame them in terms of novelty and improvement. We identify two notions of progress: one view of the polygraph in the juridical field as an instrument for procedural justice, and another view in which the device functions as a symbol of openness to improvements in the judicial system. These insights complement contemporary scholarship on lie detection by shining a critical light on the rhetoric of progress in relation to the promises of brain-based lie detection procedures. When analyzing the way polygraph tests are seen as progress, it becomes clear that the promises and hopes that are linked to this technology are of more relevance for its appraisal than its placement in time.
602.2 Donor Acceptance Criteria for URMC HTC HuBMAP and LungMAP Inclusion v1
Authors: S Pryhuber Gloria
Published: August 2020

Purpose and Scope of the Procedure Standardize process for receiving lung donations Scope: Coordination of screening, acceptance and receipt of tissue for research programs Principles Lung donations rejected for transplantation can be used to understand human lung structure and development, ultimately to improve care of patients with lung disease Rapid, standardized and safe processing of human tissue for the HTC requires coordination of a team of staff, materials and attention to protocols Rapid processing is required to maintain the tissues in a state as close to normal as possible Ultra-high resolution CT Scan in an inflated state will provide a high-level comparative assessment of human lung structure across developmental ages (See Protocol 603)
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis-Chem 584 v1
Authors: Christensen Ken , The Nonprofit Plasmid Repository Addgene
Published: August 2020

This protocol is for agarose gel electrophoresis. To see the full abstract and additional resources, visit the Addgene protocol page.
(Re)forming the Inside/Outside: On Place as a Governable Domain through Sports-Based Interventions
Authors: Ekholm David , Dahlstedt Magnus
Published: August 2020

This article draws attention to two sports-based interventions carried out as part of the Midnight Football initiative and the places where they are conducted in two suburban areas in Sweden. Rather than approaching geographic place as simply a background and a context for sport-based interventions, we put place in the spotlight, scrutinising the very formation of place and its productive role in governing social policy. In line with a Foucauldian approach, and based on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork, the aim of the article is to explore how the specific localities where interventions take place are formed as governable domains. The analysis shows how place is constituted in association with sport sites, local youth outreach and recruiting coaches. These places are made distinct from the rest of the surrounding cities via material and symbolic borders, directing the movement of people within the urban geography. These differentiations underpin attributions of the areas in terms of otherness and exclusion from the rest of society, localising a variety of problematisations to the demarcated areas. Furthermore, the places are demarcated as being filled with danger, intertwined with narratives challenging such a discourse. In conclusion, the findings enable us not only to scrutinise how specific meanings are attributed to place and how place is formed, but also to explore the performative and governable potential of place.
Using Realist Interviews to Improve Theory on the Mechanisms and Outcomes of Sport for Development Programmes
Authors: Verkooijen Kirsten Thecla , Super Sabina , Mulderij Lisanne Sofie , De Jager Dico , Wagemakers Annemarie
Published: August 2020

The complex nature of Sport for Development (SfD) programmes makes impact evaluation challenging. Realist evaluation has been proposed as a new, theory-driven approach to evaluate complex programmes. The present study aimed to explore the value of conducting realist interviews to gain improved insight into the mechanisms and outcomes of three SfD programmes in the Netherlands: a programme that promotes sports participation among socially vulnerable youth; a combined lifestyle intervention for adults of low social economic status; and a sports-based programme for marginalised adults. In addition, the study aimed to investigate the applicability of a conceptual model from the field of social enterprise (Roy, Baker, & Kerr, 2017) as the preliminary programme theory for those interviews. First, for each programme, a realist interview was conducted with one researcher as the key informant. Thereafter, the findings from and experiences with the individual realist interviews were discussed among the informants in a group meeting. The results revealed that the conceptual model functioned well as preliminary programme theory for the SfD programmes. The realist interviews contributed to theoretical awareness and trustworthiness. Importantly, the interviews highlighted knowledge gaps and generated ideas for programme improvement. Hence, the realist interview technique is recommended as a methodological tool to generate, validate, and improve programme theory in the field of SfD. This study had, however, an explorative character, and more research is needed to confirm and generalize the findings and to learn how a greater number of stakeholders might contribute to this type of realist evaluation.
Young People’s Perceptions of the Influence of a Sport-for-Social-Change Program on Their Life Trajectories
Authors: Cunningham Rob , Bunde-Birouste Anne , Rawstorne Patrick , Nathan Sally
Published: August 2020

Sport-for-social-change programs focusing on enhancing young people’s personal and social development emerged in the early to mid-2000s. Children and adolescents who participated in early programs are now adults, providing an opportunity to examine whether these programs have had any influence on their life trajectories. The Football United program has been operating in Sydney, Australia, since 2006 and is used as a case study in this article. This qualitative study draws on 20 interviews conducted in 2018 with a diverse sample of past participants of the program. Key findings were that participants perceived that the relationships they formed at Football United have had a substantial impact on their life trajectories, including influencing education and career decisions. These relationships were found to increase participants’ social capital, creating diverse connections with people and institutions within and external to their geographical communities. This study also found participants embraced a long-term commitment to ‘give back’ to their local geographical, cultural, and ethnic communities, which they attributed to their participation in the program.
Boundary Spanning in Sport for Development: Opening Transdisciplinary and Intersectoral Perspectives
Authors: Haudenhuyse Reinhard , Hayton John , Parnell Dan , Verkooijen Kirsten , Delheye Pascal
Published: August 2020

We can no longer claim that academic interest in the area of sport and social inclusion is lacking. Dedicated books, special issues, commissioned reports, and landmark articles on the topic of social inclusion and sport have been produced by devoted scholars. The same can be said for the burgeoning area of sport for development and peace. These relatively young academic fields seem to be struggling to create new fundamental theoretical insights about how organized sport can both act as an inclusive space and as a vehicle for broader developmental outcomes. Despite scholarly advancements, there remains a number of empirical and theoretical gaps. The aim of this special issue is to critically reflect on issues related to sport, development, and inclusion, and to do so via transdisciplinary and intersectoral perspectives. By making such a contribution, we aim to open up new research pathways.
Information as Component of Public Security under the Conditions of Hybrid Warfare
Authors: Somin Sergii , Tkachenko Igor
Published: August 2020

The aim of the article is to research the essence of the leading scientific approaches and foreign practices into the public security; to identify informational component of public security under the conditions of hybrid warfare.
Despite significant number of publications devoted to the problems of informational security and start of counterpropaganda in Ukrainian Mass Media, the external media surrounding is still not capable yet to resist adequately Russian informational aggression. Ukrainian media policy demands substantial modernization in offensiveness, usage of new technical and manipulative capabilities.
Authors analysed European model of people power and proposed the ways of its adaptation of Ukrainian reality though the actualization of those definitions, as national and public security, fundamental national interests.
Also, authors made research of the modern social-political situation in Ukraine and developed proposals for improving state informational policy based on Crimea example. In addition, the actual tasks of the state policy are developed for the challenges based on hybrid warfare.
The practical aim of the publication is to develop and implement scientifically justified conceptual approaches to counteract the Russification of the Ukrainian population in the conditions of Crimea annexation and armed conflict in the East of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the situation with freedom of speech and mass media in the occupied Crimea, authors submitted proposals on strengthening the Ukrainian information presence on the peninsula; the basic principles of development and implementation of the National concept of information policy in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol are substantiated. Negative trends that already exist in the domestic media space are highlighted and ways to minimize them are proposed. Special attention was paid to the need for a coordinated large-scale and daily information campaign on Crimea.
The constitution as a (non) fundamental law for the authorities and society (on the specifics of Ukraine's newest constitutional process)
Authors: Tomenko Mykola
Published: August 2020

Despite the fact that the Ukrainian state since of June 28, 1996 has been living by its own Constitution, there is still a scientific discussion about optimal model of the Basic Law of Ukraine. In particular, one of the key problems is that specialists, scholars and constitutionalists are not involved in the process of discussing amendments to the Constitution and the creation of laws that would comply with the Constitution of Ukraine. It should also be noted that the Basic Law was usually changed not in the process of legislative evolution, but after the election of a new president. That can be attributed to the fact that the legal society has not formed from the very beginning due to respect for the Constitution and the need for full adaptation of legislation to it. Thus, to date, there are no constitutional laws, which are directly referred to in the Basic Law of the country. So far, there are no laws, "On the All-Ukrainian Referendum", "On the Local Referendum", "On the Imperative Mandate", "On the Procedure for Forming and Repaying Public Debt" and laws regulating the activities of the parliamentary coalition and opposition.
The approval at the level of the Constitution also requires the Great State Emblem of Ukraine. It is also necessary to amend the Constitution, which will clearly regulate the procedure for entry into force of decisions adopted in all-Ukrainian and local referendums.
The article states that in the process of Constitutional reform the Basic Law needs certain terminological clarifications, such as "indigenous peoples".
The purpose of the article is to determinate at least three directions of the modern constitutional debate – conservative, evolutionary and revolutionary ways.
It is proved that the revolutionary initiatives of the authorities in the matter of radical change of the Con\stitution have no professional justification and social legitimacy.
Conservative and evolutionary approaches have been proposed and taken as their basis, which presupose, on the one hand, the importance of promoting respect for the Constitution and the need for its implementation, and, on the other, a professional and socially sensitive approach to amendments to the Constitution.