bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cointegration Between Energy Subsidy and Energy Accessibility in Eastern Africa Countries
Authors:   Department of Economics School of Business and Economics Moi University, Eldoret Kenya, Kiprono Serem Cornelius , Kiplangat Siele Richard , Adaramola Muyiwa S ,   Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
Published: April 2024

Despite the significant potential, the energy industry in East Africa remains largely underdeveloped, with minimal modern energy access, low per capita consumption, and heavy reliance on biomass energy, which makes up over 90% of the region’s energy consumption. Less than 1% of rural areas have access to electricity. Introduction of subsidies on energy influences energy accessibility. The study found it clear that subsidies slightly improved energy accessibility in Eastern African countries in the long run. This can be explained by the fact that energy subsidies often result in lower prices for energy consumers. This makes energy more affordable for households, particularly those with lower incomes. Lower energy prices reduce the financial burden of meeting energy needs, making it easier for individuals and families to access essential energy services such as electricity, heating, and cooking. Lower energy prices due to subsidies can lead to increased energy consumption. It is therefore the responsibility of each member state to encourage the adoption of renewable energy sources by providing subsidies and incentives for renewable energy technologies such as solar panels, wind turbines, and energy-efficient appliances. Subsidizing renewable energy reduces reliance on fossil fuels, mitigates environmental impacts, and promotes sustainable energy practices.
Export Instability, Investment, Export Growth and Economic Growth in India
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Dept. Of Economics, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal Central University, India, Singh Vipul , Sharma Sapna ,   Assistant professor, Dept of Commerce, GNIOT Greater Noida UP, India, Karol Sanju ,   Professor of Economics, Director of ICDEOL, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
Published: April 2024

The “Export-led Growth Hypothesis,” as it is known in the literature, is still a popular issue in both theoretical and empirical research. According to the export-led growth hypothesis (ELGH), a key factor in determining growth is the expansion of exports. It asserts that growing capital and labour inputs into the economy as well as exports can contribute to a country’s overall growth. The association between economic development, export growth, export fluctuation, and real effective exchange rate (REER) in India from 2001 to 2021 is examined in this paper using a multiple linear regression analysis model. Additionally, the impacts of foreign exchange, export fluctuation on investment, and import of capital goods have also been studied. The autocorrelation is also tested using the Durbin-Watson (D-W) test. Investigation of the association between income growth and exports in the context of India reveals that the country’s exports haven’t increased significantly enough to prove the theory of export-led growth. For instance, ceteris paribus, one per cent change in exports over time is expected to result in a 0.007 per cent increase in GDP. Weaker global demand, inflation, dropping exports, and growing global trade conflict all contribute to a weaker-than-expected positive link between GDP and exports. However, the findings have also shown that one per cent rise in instability increases GDP by 5.04 per cent. Furthermore, research has indicated that export instability does contribute to import for capital goods and demonstrates the relationship between investment and export instability is positive but not statistically significant. The result for policy is that, in order to decrease the negative impacts of export fluctuations, India should concentrate on those goods in which it has a competitive edge. The primary factors of the excessive volatility and restricted growth must be fully investigated in order to mitigate instability, and inherent flaws must be addressed.
Tijuana, gestión y administración del fenómeno migratorio. Limitantes jurídicas
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Rocha Romero David , Juárez Márquez José Humberto ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
Published: April 2024

Desde principios del Siglo XX la ciudad fronteriza de Tijuana, Baja Cali-fornia, México, se ha situado en el mapa de migrantes nacionales e inter-nacionales. Esto debido a que es una ciudad colindante con el estado de California, la mayor potencia económica de la Unión Americana. En este trabajo se analiza en primera instancia, los flujos migratorios, que desde la llegada del nuevo milenio fueron dando forma a un nuevo tipo de ges-tión migratoria. En segunda instancia, la investigación también toma en consideración las reformas migratorias últimamente realizadas en México.
Introducción a Writer
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas ", Hernández Larios Martha Susana ,   Francisco García Salinas"
Published: April 2024

Es un procesador de texto que pertenece a la familia de LibreOffice y como su nombre lo indica es un software de código abierto, el cual es perfecto para el desarrollo de actividades de docentes y alumnos para el procesamiento de palabras, por sus características usuales como son; la revisión ortográfica, diccionario de sinónimos, separación de sílabas, corrección automática, búsqueda y reemplazo, generación automática de sumarios e índices, combinación de correspondencia entre otras, del mismo modo, cuenta con características trascendentales que se irán desarrollando dentro del capítulo.
Introducción a Math
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas ", Hernández Berumen José de Jesús ,   Francisco García Salinas"
Published: April 2024

La aplicación de LibreOffice Math permite editar y crear expresiones matemáticas con una estructura correcta y bien tipificada, este tipo de expresiones matemáticas pueden ser cualquier fórmula y algoritmo, desde fracciones, exponenciales, derivadas e integrales, hasta fórmulas más complicada como álgebra matricial o ecuaciones estadísticas. Todo enfocado a la calidad en la edición y presentación de los trabajos a publicar.
The Effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques on Reducing Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Women Affected by Marital Infidelity
Authors: Ghezelseflo Mehdi , Navabinezhad Shokouh , Rostami Mehdi , Parsakia Kamdin
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques in reducing symptoms of PTSD among women affected by marital infidelity. Methods and Materials: The present research was an experimental case study utilizing a multiple baseline design across subjects. The study population consisted of all women affected by marital infidelity who had sought help at the Mehravar Counseling Center in Tehran during the fall and winter of 2021 due to various clinical symptoms arising from their spouse's infidelity. A total of 5 women were selected through purposive sampling based on the results of the self-report PTSD symptom scale (Foa, Riggs, Dancu, & Rothbaum, 1993) and clinical interviews. The Emotional Freedom Technique by Church (2014) was individually administered over 6 sessions lasting 30 to 45 minutes each to the sample group. Data analysis was conducted using visual analysis (charting), the Reliable Change Index, and the percentage of improvement formula (percentage increase). Findings: Results, obtained through visual analysis (charting), the Reliable Change Index, and the percentage of improvement formula (percentage increase), showed that the Emotional Freedom Technique led to a reduction in PTSD symptoms during treatment and follow-up stages. Conclusion: According to the study's findings, it is possible to reduce PTSD symptoms in individuals affected by marital infidelity using the Emotional Freedom Technique.
How Blockchain can be used for Verifying the Authenticity of Video/Image
Authors: Ajad Ajad , Raghuvanshi Dr. C S
Published: April 2024

With the explosive advancement of modern technology we heavily rely upon digital data in the form of video and image. Digital content has been the norm for quite a few years in all aspects of modern society for ease of use and conveniences. Relevant visual information may be utilised in a range of settings, such as the media, law enforcement, publications, legal procedures, medical imaging, the military, and consumer museums. Though the development of advanced technology with the help of sophisticated artificial intelligence(AI) algorithms have opened the door to temper digital data and contents. [1] This misinterpretation of advanced technology has made the integrity of the video/image file questionable. [2] In the context of using the video/image file in court or any other places for presenting proof have been disputable. In thisresearch article I present a framework for verifying the authenticity of video/image using blockchain technology. Using this framework the deep-fake problems can be countered and a layer of trust can be established verifying the integrity of the visual contents. The IoT device capturing the image or video file computes a hash before the data leaves the device. Then the hash is stored in a blockchain system to provide a transparent way to check the integrity of the file.
AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS IN NANO SCALE CMOS TECHNOLOGY USING 12T MEMORY CELL
Authors: Kumar S Naresh , Kumar K Ravi
Published: April 2024

Semiconductor sizes and the gaps between them are decreasing with the advancement of technology. This means that SRAM cells used in aerospace applications are more vulnerable to soft-error when the fundamental charge of the fragile nodes decreases. A single-event upset (SEU) caused by a radiation particle striking a sensitive node in a conventional 6T SRAM cell could lead to data inversion. To lessen the consequences of SEUs, this study proposes the use of a Soft-Error-Aware Read-StabilityEnhanced Low-Power 12T (SARP12T) SRAM cell. The performance of SARP12T is evaluated in relation to other recently released soft-error-aware SRAM cells, such as QUCCE12T, QUATRO12T, RHD12T, RHPD12T, and RSP14T. In the event that a radiation attack flips the values of the sensitive nodes in SARP12T, the data may still be recoverable. When a storage node pair initiates a singleevent multi-node upset (SEMNU), SARP12T is resilient enough to endure it. During read operations, the bitline makes it simple to reach the '0' storing memory nodes in the suggested cell, and it also makes them very resilient to interruptions. In terms of energy usage, SARP12T is the most effective holding strategy. SARP12T outperforms competing cells in terms of write performance, and its write latency is much decreased. To achieve all of these advantages, the suggested cell very slightly increases read latency and read/write energy.
A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Dynamic Stretching Versus Static Stretching in Improving Flexibility and Preventing Injuries in Young Basketball Players
Authors: Udita Garg  , Prof.Dr. Richa Kashyap  , Prof, Dr. Megha Bhardwaj
Published: April 2024

Stretching exercises encompass the act of moving the human body into diverse positions with the intention of elongating muscles and enhancing flexibility. These exercises can be categorized into two major types, namely static and dynamic. Static stretches necessitate sustaining a specific position for a predetermined duration, while dynamic stretches involve executing controlled movements throughout the entire range of motion. The implementation of stretching exercises can yield improvements in flexibility, a reduction in muscle tension, an augmentation of blood flow, and a mitigation of injuries. Consequently, they are frequently integrated into warm-up and cool-down routines for various physical activities. The possession of flexibility is of utmost importance for young individuals participating in the sport of basketball as it serves as a preventative measure against injuries and contributes to an improved level of performance. Inadequate flexibility, particularly in regions such as the lower back, hips, and ankles, is a common contributor to the occurrence of injuries. Engaging in dynamic stretching exercises before engaging in games or practices can prove advantageous as it aids in the enhancement of flexibility and minimizes the risk of injury by augmenting the range of motion and blood circulation within the muscles. However, it is crucial to note that excessive stretching or the imposition of flexibility beyond natural limits may result in injuries such as muscle strains or ligament tears.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) Levels in Treated Spent Engine Oil Contaminated Soil from Automechanic Workshop Site in Wukari, Nigeria
Authors: Oko John Odiba , Yerima Emmanuel Amuntse , Shintema Atiku , Yakubu Shedrach , Bilyaminu Habibu
Published: April 2024

Spent engine oil contaminated soil samples were collected and divided into three portions along with uncontaminated soil sample collected 10 meters away from the contaminated site. Two of the contaminated soil samples were treated with 0.5M NaOH and heat at 2500C respectively. All the samples were extracted with appropriate solvents using sonication, cleaned up and then analyzed with gas chromatograph coupled to flame ionization detector. The results show that total PAHs concentration of contaminated soil sample was 333.6820 mg/kg, contaminated soil sample treated with 0.5M NaOH, 104.8540 mg/kg, contaminated soil sample treated with heat at 2500C was 180.0905 mg/kg and the uncontaminated soil sample, 0.7084 mg/kg. The results showed that Wukari mechanic village is contaminated with PAHs through indiscriminate disposal of spent engine oil. Furthermore, treatment with 0.5M NaOH was a more effective means of remediation relative to treatment with heat at 250oC for two hours. The study will be an appropriate guide for the artisans following enlightenment about the possible threat that contact with PAH contaminated soils could have on their health.
MODELLING OF INTERNAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF GAS PHASE IN POROUS MEDIA
Authors:   Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Baku, Azerbaijan, Panahov Geylani
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the research of temperature change in the investigated medium during dynamic expansion of gas (CO2) generated in reservoir conditions, diffusion of carbon dioxide into the displacing fluid and their influence on the displacement process. In-situ gas generation can provide a way to control the nonequilibrium fractal state at the interface under displacement in a porous medium. The change from fractal growth to non-fractal growth can be characterised as a function of density and viscosity ratios. This effect is shown in the increase of hydrocarbon displacement coefficient due to the equalisation of densities of displacing and displaced agents as a consequence of the increase in gas saturation of the fluid.
Effect of Inquiry Based Learning on Academic Achievement of Students at Higher Secondary Level
Authors:   Leadership and Management International Islamic University, Hayat Muhammad Usman , Mahmood Azhar ,   Leadership and Management International Islamic University, Akhter Mirza Muhammad ,   Leadership and Management International Islamic University
Published: April 2024

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the impact of Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) on the academic achievement of students in accounting at the higher secondary school level. The research objective was to assess the effectiveness of IBL compared to traditional teaching methods. Methodology: The study involved forming control and experimental groups based on pre-test scores. Over eight weeks, lesson plans were implemented using IBL for the experimental group, while the control group received instruction through traditional methods. Pre-tests served as post-tests and for retention. Ethical considerations were adhered to throughout the research process. Results/Findings: Analysis using t-test revealed that students taught with IBL demonstrated significantly higher academic achievement compared to those taught with traditional methods. This suggests that IBL is more effective in enhancing learning outcomes in accounting at the higher secondary school level. Future Direction: It is recommended that teachers incorporate IBL more frequently in accounting classrooms at the higher secondary level. Additionally, fostering high levels of interaction through questioning is encouraged to promote student involvement, learning enhancement, and motivation.
A STUDY ON RELIABILITY OF NEWS SHARED IN SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS (WITH REFERENCE TO WHATSAPP USERS)
Authors: Sinthiya Hepzibah
Published: April 2024

Recent studies indicate that mobile messaging apps such as WhatsApp are widely used for sharing news by consumers. Media outlets have begun to disseminate news via social media sites like Facebook and WhatsApp. When it comes to chat app news, journalists still have a lot to learn. This study compares the trustworthiness of WhatsApp news to that of other social media platforms using the Diffusions of Innovations idea. This study discusses the reliability of news received through Whatsapp and the factchecking websites used by Vellore district Whatsapp users. For this purpose, various secondary data was studied, and a structured questionnaire was circulated among the Vellore district Whatsapp users, 200 samples were collected as primary data. Analysis was made using SPSS and the statistical tool chi-square test, SEM analysis and frequency table are used to derive the result. It is found that WhatsApp users in Vellore District rely on the news shared and they also check the authenticity of the news.
إحالاتُ العلّامة الحلّي على كتاب كشف المقال في معرفة الرجال ودورُها في إثبات نسبة الكتاب إليه
Authors: Sheikh Abdul Halim Awad al-Hilli
Published: April 2024

للعلّامة الحليّ دورٌ كبيرٌ في ازدهار الحركة العلمية في العالم الإسلامي، ولا أتصوّر أنّ شخصًا يدرس العلوم الإسلامية لا يمرّ على تأليفاته وتصنيفاته، ويطّلع على نظرياته في الفقه والكلام والرجال وغيرها، وقد وصلت إلينا مخطوطات الكثير منها، وغاب عنّا مقدار معتنى به، حاله حال التراث العلمي لعلمائنا الأبرار الذي ضاع إثر جور الجائرين وظلم الظالمين.ويبين هذا البحث واحدًا مما وصل إلينا من تراث العلامة المفقود، ألا وهو كتاب كشف المقال في معرفة الرجال، وقد أثبتنا نسبته إليه من خلال إحالاته عليه في بقية كتبه الرجالية والفقهية، فضلًا عن تصريحه بذلك في مقدّمة خلاصة الأقوال.
منزلة العَلَّامة الحلي & في علم المنطق
Authors: Prof. Dr. Mohammad Ghafouri Nejad  , Prof. Dr. Ahad Faramarz Garamaleki
Published: April 2024

العَلَّامة الحلّي من عباقرة المنطقيين، وذو منزلة عظيمة في تاريخ علم المنطق في الحضارة الاسلامية؛ إلا أنَّ عُلوَّ شَأنه في مختلف العلوم الدینیة قد غَطَّى علی منزلته وباعه الطويل في المنطق. كتَبَ العَلَّامةُ & في المنطق تصل إلى العشرين كتابًا ومؤلفًا: بعضها رسائل قصيرة، وبعضها الآخر تشتمل علی العلوم الثلاثة : المنطق والطبيعيات والإلهيات، كما أنه قد یكتب في نقد فيلسوف أو حكيم من الكبار المتقدمين على عصره، وإن له آثارًا في التلخيص. أكثر ما كتب العَلَّامة في علمَي المنطق والفلسفة فهي شروح علی كتب الماضين.إنّ أبحاث العَلَّامة وآثاره في المنطق كثيرة، ویمكن تعلیل هذه الكثرة بأنَّهُ كان یری أنّ الفرارَ من المنطق هو بداية الرؤية القشرية غير المتعمقة إلی الفكرة الدينية، وورود الأفكار السخيفة المزيجة بالخرافات في ساحة الفكر والتفكير الدينيين، ومن هنا ازداد اهتمامُ العَلَّامة الحلّيّ بتنمية علم المنطق كبنيان مرصوص تجاه الموجة القشرية والسطحيّة في الفكر الديني، إذْ كان يهدد الفكر الديني. أغلب تراث العَلَّامة المنطقي كان على نهج المنطق ذي القسمين؛ فإنَّهُ & يتبع صياغة الإشارات والتنبيهات في أعماله المنطقية.
Research Progress on the Basic Pharmacodynamic Substance and Mechanism of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in Relieving Anxiety
Authors: Chen Ting
Published: April 2024

Anxiety disorder resulting from the interaction of psychological factors-caused anxiety and mood disorder symptoms is one of the clinical mental diseases. Excessive worry, nervousness and fear often bring about several negative outcomes, and seriously impact the physical, mental, and social functioning of patients. What’s worse, with poor treatment, anxiety disorder may develop into mental illnesses such as depression and schizophrenia. The treatment of anxiety has mainly recourse to drug therapy and psychotherapy; however, Western drug therapy represented by 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor often causes evident adverse effects, including nausea and constipation, as well as poor long-term medication compliance of patients. Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus can sooth the liver and regulate qi, which can be applied to alleviate anxiety disorder as an ancillary drug. Modern pharmacological research revealed that bergamot volatile oil, also known as bergamot essential oil (BEO), is the main active chemical component of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus for anti-anxiety. BEO has been confirmed to exert an anti-anxiety effect through modulating neuronendocrine-immune network, including immunoregulation, suppression of hyperactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, enhancement of function of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, modulation of neurotransmitter, and promotion of neurotrophic effect. The study discusses the current research status regarding the application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus for anti-anxiety in recent years, and deeply probes into the mechanism of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus playing an anti-anxiety role via neuronendocrine-immune network, in an effort to provide references to clinical treatment of anxiety disorder and new ideas for developing drugs targeting anxiety disorders.
Research Progress of Yihuang Decoction and Prediction Analysis on Quality Markers
Authors: Zhang Menggai , Liu Xue , Shi Hehe , Xu Yinyue , Luo Longbiao , Yu Lijin , Wang Yitao , Wang Sicen , Jing Wanghui
Published: April 2024

Background: Yihuang Decoction, a classical prescription found in Fu Qingzhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology, is formulated with fried Dioscoreae Rhizoma, fried Euryales Semen, wine-fried Plantaginis Semen, salt-fried Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and Ginkgo Semen. Quality marker (Q-marker) plays a crucial role in promoting the standardization of the quality of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Hence, this study aimed to predict and analyze the Q-marker of Yihuang Decoction based on TCM Q-marker theory. Methods: A comprehensive review of relevant literature and the TCMSP database was conducted to investigate the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications of Yihuang Decoction. Furthermore, the study predicted the Q-marker of Yihuang Decoction by considering its effectiveness, specificity, measurability, transmissibility and traceability, and compatibility, as per the concept of Chinese medicine Q-marker. Results: Yihuang Decoction exhibits pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation and immune modulation, anti-bacteria and anti-virus properties. Clinically, it is mostly used to treat inflammation of the female reproductive system, including vaginitis, cervicitis and pelvic inflammation. According to analysis and prediction, it was suggested that allantoin, diosgenin, gallic acid, α-tocopherol, bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, berberine, phellodendrine, magnoflorine, geniposidic acid and verbascoside could serve as Q-markers of Yihuang Decoction. Conclusion: This review establishes a foundation for the research and development of Yihuang Decoction, and providing a crucial scientific reference for ensuring its comprehensive quality control and enhancing evaluation standards.
Effects of Chronic Stress Stimulation on the Occurrence and Development of Tumors and the Regulatory Role of Chinese Medicine
Authors: Guo Wenqin , Shi Rongzhen
Published: April 2024

Chronic stress refers to the continuous non-specific adaptive response of the body caused by the activation of the classic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis neuroendocrine system and sympathetic nervous system, which not only affects sleep quality, appetite, and gastrointestinal function, but also increases the risk of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, mental disorders, and tumors. Notably, chronic stress has been confirmed to induce tumorigenesis and promote tumor evolution, especially on the immune function of the body and the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is essential and important to improve the emotional disorders caused by chronic stress stimulation in cancer patients. Many studies have proved that traditional Chinese medicine and compound regulation can significantly improve anxiety, depression and tumor development in patients. In this article, the mechanism of CUMS affecting tumor and the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine compound are reviewed, so as to provide reference for the adjuvant treatment of cancer by traditional Chinese medicine.
Performance Appraisal as a Tool to Achieve Higher Efficiency and Productivity in the South African Public Sector, with Reference to Limpopo Department of Education
Authors:   University of Limpopo, South Africa, Makhubela Daphney Katlego , Malatji Thabiso Lucky ,   Department of Public Administration, University of Limpopo, South Africa
Published: April 2024

This qualitative study was conducted to assess the performance appraisal on employee’s productivity at the Department of Basic Education in Limpopo, South Africa. Performance appraisal refers to the methods and processes that organisations use to evaluate their employees' level of performance. This usually entails assessing employees' performance and offering them with feedback on both the quantity and quality of their work. The study examined the kind of tool Department of Basic Education utilize and the effects of performance appraisal on employee’s productivity. The researchers adopted a qualitative approach in this study in order to better understand performance reviews and employee experiences. Data was gathered through interviews with senior/junior managers purposively chosen. Additionally, subordinates selected from a simple random sample based on their responsibilities, backgrounds, and experience. As a result, the study used a verbatim transcription to capture every detail of the interview. The data was then analysed using thematic mapping. The research findings demonstrated the inefficiency of the current performance management and development method. The study also shows that workers are unmotivated and no longer have faith in the evaluation process. The findings further show that supervisors' management and implementation of the system are prejudiced, which demotivate employees as a result. According to the study, the current system has to be changed or revised in order to address the gaps and issues that have arisen as a result of prejudice and ineffective execution. The study also suggests that in order for the system's goals to be met, managers need acquire the right training, and staff should receive training as well to have knowledge about the system.
Theocracy - Mysticism and Contemporaneity
Authors:   Doctoral School of Law, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Stan Georgian Ionuț
Published: April 2024

Religion occupied a pivotal place in the life of our ancestors, even being a proof, at that time, of raising the degree of civilization of mankind. We say a pivotal place and not just an important one, since a large part of social life revolved around religion and its symbols. Often there was no boundary between politics and religion and what was Caesar's was not Caesar's. In those bygone times, political power was legitimized through a divine, cosmic, supernatural bond. No doubt that connection between politics and the supernatural was shrouded in mysticism. Today, when the importance of religion is in decline, humanity is more concerned with science, evidenced by sometimes exacerbated empiricism. It is as if there is no more room for the spiritual, for religion, the latter falling into a form of obsolescence. But is it so? Has religion really lost its ancestral role, is it headed for extinction? Contrary to a non-religious view we will notice that even in the present time there are societies in which religion and politics are intertwined, in which the source of state sovereignty is divinity and thus, we still have present theocratic political regimes. The divide between religious and non-religious views of society exists but understanding how theocratic regimes exist can lessen this divide.
Between Displacement, Layering, Conversion and Drift: The Institutional Construction of the Romanian Freedom of Information Act
Authors:   Doctoral School in Communication Sciences, University of Bucharest, Romania, Mihalache Liviu-Valentin
Published: April 2024

Using Mahoney and Thelen’s four mechanisms of institutional change (displacement, layering, conversion and drift), I argue that the Romanian Freedom of Information Act (Law no. 544/2001 and Methodological Norms no. 123/2002) has proven to be stable in the last two decades since its adoption, it has been accepted by some of us but not all, even though it was created to protect each of us as citizens, there have been failed attempts of institutional destabilization along with a series of institutional consolidations, whereas its enforcement has recorded a gradual deterioration, without attracting attention or encountering major criticism, this change being contrary to the public interest.
The Coexistence of the Legal Inheritance with the Testamentary Inheritance
Authors:   Doctoral School of Law, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, Martalog Denise Cătălina
Published: April 2024

The research surprises the cases and the conditions in which the legal inheritance coexists with the testamentary inheritance. In the period of the old roman law the testamentary inheritance was priority, because the gratified successor through the will for a part of the inheritance was extending the vocation for a part of the inheritance of which de cujus didn’t dispose of. In the actual legislation, the legal inheritance coexists with the testamentary inheritance in some cases, so that a part of the inheritance is sent to the gratified one based on the will and the other part is sent to the legal heir through the virtue of the law. The cases in which the inheritance can be legal or testamentary are different, because the sping of the successoral vocation is the law or the will of the one who lets his fortune (de cujus). Therefore, the two types of inheritance can exist at the same time not only when the deceased disposes of a part of his fortune by will, but also when the will contains legates which consume the full successoral mass. The coexistence of the two forms of inheritance represents the result of the bound between the freedom of the will with the instituted protection by law of the mandatory heir.
International Law as a Means of Globalization, Business Internationalization and Global Economy: A Mechanism with Proclivities
Authors:   Doctoral School of Economics and International Business, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania,, Benabed Anis
Published: April 2024

This paper analyzes, describes and presents the relationship and effects between globalization and the international law. Historically, between globalization and international law, there is a dialectical relationship, both have been intertwined for more than the end of the twentieth century and the last phase of globalization. Globalization has come up with major changes at the international level and distribution of power between different actors of the international society. It has impacted and shaped the World Wide system of law with implicit ambitions. The research questions are: “Are there any interconnection between international law, globalization and internationalization? How does international law affect global economy?” The used methodology of research focused on a literature review, the United Nations charter of international law and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results show that doing business with individuals from other nations focuses on the activities of individuals that are governed with the context of global economy starting from the applicable rules to industries in the home country or nation. International law provides a background, assurance, confidence and a means or mechanism by which individuals can trade or do business with regard to goods and services, to start with the utility of law is based upon first international relations, and the way countries relate to each other, particularly with regard to trade of goods and services between those nations. Doing business with individuals from other nations focuses on the activities of individuals that are governed with the context of global economy starting from the applicable rules to industries in the home country or nation. In Conclusion, international law has got a high contribution to the insights of global economy, globalization and internationalization processes especially for companies. There is a huge interconnection between Globalization, Internationalization that is important for global economy and international law.
Perancangan Aplikasi Kompresi Citra Dengan Menerapkan Algoritma Gopala-Hemachandra-Code 2 (GH-2(n))
Authors: Manik Sriani Oktavia
Published: April 2024

Di era sekarang ini dalam segala hal bidang telah terjadi perkembangan yang begitu pesat terkhususnya di bidang teknologi, seiring dengan perkembangan itu mengakibatkan manusia kini menginginkan segala sesuatunya dapat dilakukan secara lebih efesien untuk mencapai tujuan yang terbaik dan efektif dalam penggunaan waktu, hal tersebut juga terjadi dalam bidang komunikasi. Perkembangan komunikasi didasarkan dengan kemunculan internet. Melalui internet banyak hal yang dapat dilakukan, salah satunya ialah dalam pertukaran informasi. Namun dengan adanya perkembangan tersebut membuat maslah baru, yakni berhubungan dengan ukuran data yang relatif semakin besar sehingga membutuhkan media penyimpanan agar dapat menampung semua data yang diterima. Dari permasalahan tersebut juga lah ditemukan suatu teknik agar dapat menyelesaikan segala permasalahan yang telah ditemukan sebelumnya. Adapun teknik tersebut dinamakan teknik kompresi. Teknik kompresi ini merupakan proses pengubahan data masuk menjadi data keluaran dengan hasil yang memiliki ukuran yang lebih kecil dari sebelumnya. Pada kasus ini data yang penulis gunakan dalam kompresi merupakan data citra dan algoritma yang akan diterapkan dalam proses pengompresan ini adalah Gopala-Hemachandra Code 2 (GH-2(n)). Maka dari penelitian ini lah akan didapatkan berapa persentase dari  data sebelum dilakukan proses kompresi dengan yang sudah dikompresi. Sehingga para pengguna juga dapat lebih menghemat media penyimpanan tanpa kehilangan informasi yang dimaksud. Selain itu waktu yang digunakan dalam proses transmisi informasi lebih sedikit.
Deteksi Konten Berita Hoax Tentang Dunia Kesehatan Dimedia Sosial Dengan Menggunakan Metode Text Rank
Authors: Syahputra Napitupulu Mulyadi
Published: April 2024

Dengan menggunakan Metode Text Rank, diharap kita dapat mengklasifikasikan berita mengenai hal yang sedang beredar dikalangan masyarakat khususnya berita yang sedang viral akhir-akhir ini mengenai virus corona di media sosial seperti Facebook dan media sosial berbentuk text lainnya. Disini penulis memberikan gambaran bagi pembaca yakni masyarakat agar cerdas dan tanggap terhadap berita yang disebarkan tersebut, sehingga dapat mengurangi kecemasan masyarakat mengenai berita tersebut. penulis juga ingin memperjelas berita tersebut kepada pembaca yakni masyarakat agar lebih bijak menerima serta memilah berita-berita yang disebarkan sehingga masyarakat tidak terpropokasi dengan berita-berita dari orang-orang yang tidak bertanggung jawab dan hanya ingin memperkeruh suasana saja. Telah terjadi berbagaimacam kasus penyebaran berita yang bukan merupakan fakta atau sering disebut hoax. Sedangkan hoax adalah informasi berbahaya yang menyesatkan persepsi manusia dengan menyebarkan informasi yang salah namun dianggap sebagai kebenaran. Media komunikasi sangat penting untuk menyebarkan informasi atau berita yang sedang terjadi namun banyak media komunikasi yang digunakan untuk menyebarkan berita simpang siur yang belum tentu dapat terbukti kebenarannya tersebar di seluruh media komunikasi yang dapat membuat orang yang membaca mempercayai berita bohong tersebut.
A Formação de Professores de Português nos Documentos da Política Educativa do Estado de Timor-Leste
Authors: Belo de Carvalho Manuel
Published: April 2024

Este artigo está estruturado em sete partes. Na parte inicial, são apresentadas algumas notas sobre as principais tendências identificáveis na formação inicial de professores de língua portuguesa nas suas orientações e práticas, com os objetivos do estudo, justificativas, metodologia adaptada e os perfis e a formação do professor de português LNM.  Na análise, apresentam-se os períodos dos governos constitucionais e as produções dos documentos reguladores no sistema educativo como base no funcionamento do próprio sistema com diagnóstico geral, propostas gerais, objetivos e propostas específicos para o ensino básico, focando nos pontos fortes e pontos fracos da implementação do português como língua de instrução e do ensino nos últimos dois períodos da independência nacional. Além disso, apresenta-se também o olhar da política e dos políticos sobre o mesmo assunto em implementação no campo da educação.
Struggling for Good against Evil
Authors: Andrews Dave
Published: April 2024

This charts my quest for ‘good’, and my struggle for ‘good’ against ‘evil’, growing up in an evangelical tradition. In the process I particularly distinguish the category of ‘evil’ from the categories of ‘bad’ and ‘sin’ and reflect on some of the dominant manifestations of this ‘evil’ during the century in which I grew up. I specifically explore what it has meant for me, in my personal struggle for ‘good’ against ‘evil’, to deal in ever expanding concentric circles of concern, with the ‘evil in ourselves’ the ‘evil in our communities’, the ‘evil in our institutions’, the ‘evil in our nations’ and the ‘evil in our religions’. And the struggle goes on….
Kenosis in Catastrophe
Authors: Mercedes Anna
Published: April 2024

Kenosis has long been a controversial Christian theological topic for those concerned with the flourishing of oppressed or marginalized people. Feminist theologians in particular have asked: Is self-emptying a harmful ethic when starting from an oppressed stance? This article revisits the challenges of kenosis from a feminist perspective and advocates for kenosis, despite the risks of doing so, for people in marginalized and oppressed social positions, even and especially in the catastrophic conditions that have characterized the 2020s thus far in so much of the world. Even in catastrophe, kenosis may offer power for the self made new, power for communities restored to health, and power for divine incarnation ongoing in our suffering world.
Det grønne BNP i økologisk økonomisk perspektiv
Authors: Røpke Inge
Published: April 2024

Artiklen præsenterer et kritisk perspektiv på det grønne BNP med afsæt i økologisk økonomi. Det grønne BNP lanceres som et forsøg på at fremme bevidstheden om miljøproblemerne og forbedre grundlaget for politiske beslutninger. Men indikatoren er problematisk, fordi det er et monetært mål, og fordi det afspejler et nationalistisk perspektiv. Markedspriser udgør ikke et godt beslutningsgrundlag, fordi de er baseret på ulighed og skæve magtforhold. Heller ikke værdisætning af miljøgoder på linje med forbrugsgoder bidrager til klarhed om de beslutninger, der skal træffes. I stedet er der brug for et sæt af biofysiske og sociale indikatorer, der kan fremme ansvarlighed og retfærdighed.
Examining the Mr Tsafendas enquiry trial: Current insights on forensic psychiatric assessment and ethics
Authors: Roos J L , Kotze C
Published: April 2024

On 6 September 1966, the prime minister of South Africa, Dr HF Verwoerd was killed by Mr Tsafendas, a Portuguese national of Greek descent, in parliament by stabbing him in the chest. Mr Tsafendas was a messenger in parliament. At the enquiry trial of Mr Tsafendas, he was found unfit to stand trial on the ground that he suffered from schizophrenia. The psychiatric evidence during the enquiry trial was reviewed and discussed under the following headings: Diagnosis of schizophrenia; Consideration of cultural factors in forensic psychiatric settings; Delusional infestation v. extreme overvalued beliefs; Simulation of psychosis; Ethical considerations in criminal capacity and trial competency assessments. Lessons from the Mr Tsafendas enquiry trial for forensic psychiatrists where a defendant previously diagnosed with schizophrenia commits a prominent political murder, are summarised. It is emphasised that the personhood of an accused referred for forensic observation should be respected and protected, instead of focusing exclusively on a specific diagnosis.
International humanitarian law: Dunant would be devastated again
Authors: Dhai A
Published: April 2024

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Nutrition support practices in the intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Ghana
Authors: Anku E K , Samad L O , Akafity G , Amoo S A , Hill L T
Published: April 2024

Background. Nutrition support is recognised as an important therapy for attenuating the catabolic effects of critical illnesses, including malnutrition prevention. However, variations in nutrition support practices make it difficult to achieve optimal outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Objectives. To explore current nutrition support practices among healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in Ghana.
Methods. Via a cross-sectional survey, the nutrition support practices and self-reported skills of 30 ICU healthcare professionals (23 nurses and 7 doctors) providing nutrition support were explored. Results are presented as themes with frequencies and proportions. Categorical data were analysed using Fisher’s exact test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results. Most of the respondents were young and had limited ICU experience. Almost half of the respondents were unaware of or were not familiar with the content of an in-house feeding protocol for both enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition support, despite a majority reporting the feeding protocol as the main source of nutrition support information. There was a general lack of standardisation of execution of most nutrition support practices, especially with the pattern of EN delivery, usual method of optimising EN, and gastric residual volume threshold used to guide practice. Most respondents self-reported being average/satisfactory in the management of nutrition support.
Conclusion. The study revealed that healthcare professionals in our ICU had varying nutrition support practices and competencies. There is a need for standardised and practical feeding protocols in accessible formats, ongoing education, and training in nutrition support to improve nutrition support practices and competencies of healthcare professionals providing nutrition support in the ICU setting.
The effect of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic and lockdown on non-Covid ICU admissions: Experience from a South African tertiary hospital
Authors: Murphy S , Zwane K , Williams K , Omar S
Published: April 2024

Background. Future pandemic planning involves analysing past experiences. We compared intensive care unit (ICU) admissions during the SARS- CoV-2 pandemic (2020) with the preceding year.
Objectives. To assess the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic’s effect on ICU admissions in a tertiary hospital, examining differences in patient characteristics, organ support requirements, reason for admission, mortality rates and length of ICU stay.
Methods. This retrospective cohort study compared ICU patient data at a tertiary hospital during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (26 March 2020 to 20 September 2020) with the same period in 2019.
Results. Patient admissions (p=0.39) and severity of illness (p=0.27 adults; p=0.92 paediatrics) showed no differences across the study period. Similarly, no differences were observed for underlying chronic conditions between the two years. Adult trauma admissions significantly declined, specifically those related to road traffic accidents (RR 0.63). Admissions for acute infectious conditions, including respiratory infections, sepsis, urosepsis, septic arthritis and gastroenteritis significantly declined in both adults (RR 0.50) and paediatric admissions (RR 0.25). During the lockdown period, the length of stay (LOS) decreased for adults, but mortality rates remained unchanged across the study period. The paediatric mortality rate decreased during the lockdown period (p=0.004).
Conclusion. There was no reduction in SARS-CoV-2-negative ICU admissions during the 2020 lockdown period compared with the preceding year, likely due to chronic resource limitations. We found a decrease in acute trauma and acute infectious illness admissions, while acute surgical emergency admissions increased. These findings suggest that lockdown orders may have affected admission patterns, aiding in future pandemic planning.
CO2 gap changes compared with cardiac output changes in response to intravenous volume expansion and/or vasopressor therapy in septic shock
Authors: Faris F , El-Houfi A , El Shahat M , Khalid H , Al-Azab A
Published: April 2024

Background. The difference in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) between mixed or central venous blood and arterial blood, known as the ∆PCO2 or CO2 gap, has demonstrated a strong relationship with cardiac index during septic shock resuscitation. Early monitoring of the ∆PCO2 can help assess the cardiac output (CO) adequacy for tissue perfusion.Objectives. To investigate the value of ∆PCO2 changes in early septic shock management compared with CO.
Methods. This observational prospective study included 76 patients diagnosed with septic shock admitted to Cairo University Hospital’s Critical Care Department between December 2020 and March 2022. Patients were categorised by initial resuscitation response, initial ∆PCO2 and 28-day mortality. The primary outcome was the relationship between the ∆PCO2 and CO changes before and after initial resuscitation, with secondary outcomes including ICU length of stay (LOS) and 28-day mortality.
Results. Peri-resuscitation ∆PCO2 changes predicted a ≥15% change in the cardiac index (CI) (area under the curve (AUC) 0.727; 95% CI 0.614 - 0.840) with 66.7% sensitivity and 62.8% specificity. The optimal ∆PCO2 change cut-off value was <−1.85, corresponding to a <−22% threshold for a 15% cardiac index increase. The PCO2 gap ratio (gap/gap ratio of T1- PCO2 gap to T0-PCO2 gap) also predicted a ≥15% change in cardiac index (AUC 745; 95% CI 0.634 - 0.855) with 63.6% sensitivity and 79.1% specificity. The optimal CO2 gap/gap ratio cut-off value was <0.71. A significant difference in 28-day mortality was noted based on the gap/gap ratio.
Conclusion. Peri-resuscitation ∆PCO2 and the gap/gap ratio are useful non-invasive bedside markers for predicting changes in CO and preload responsiveness.
Quality of raw meat
Authors: Grujić Radoslav
Published: April 2024

Numerous ante mortem and post mortem factors affect on the quality of raw meat. Through previous scientific research, we have learned about the type of factors and their effects on the overall quality of raw meat. Participants in the meat supply chain, especially livestock and slaughterhouses, work together to provide the raw meat for the needs of the population and the meat processing industry. The requirements of consumers and processors of raw meat are clear. Raw meat producers should provide safe meat at an affordable price. During production, they need to apply methods that respect the principles of animal welfare and have a minimal impact on the environment. Precise definition of raw meat quality characteristics, application of quality assurance and food safety management systems and determination of quality parameters during raw meat assessment (in carcasses, halves, pieces of meat) contribute to strengthening supply chain links, increasing trust of stakeholders (for example, livestock farmers, slaughterhouses, meat processing industry, wholesalers and retailers) and consumers of raw meat.