bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of global UV irradiance measurements between a BTS CCD-array and a Brewer spectroradiometers
Authors: González Carmen , Vilaplana José M. , Bogeat José A. , Serrano Antonio
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Spectral measurements of UV irradiance are of great importance to ensure human health protection as well as to support scientific research. To perform these measurements, double monochromator scanning spectroradiometers are the preferred devices, thanks to their linearity and stray-light reduction. However, because of their high cost and demanding maintenance, CCD-array-based spectroradiometers are increasingly used for monitoring UV irradiance. Nevertheless, CCD-array spectroradiometers have specific limitations, such as a high detection threshold or stray-light contamination. To overcome these challenges, several manufacturers are striving to develop improved instrumentation. In particular, Gigahertz-Optik GmbH has developed the stray-light-reduced BTS2048-UV-S spectroradiometer series (from now on called BTS). In this study, the long-term performance of the BTS and its seasonal behavior, regarding global UV irradiance, has been assessed. To carry out the analysis, BTS’ irradiance measurements have been compared against measurements of the Brewer MK-III #150 scanning spectrophotometer during three campaigns. A total of 711 simultaneous spectra, measured under cloud-free conditions and covering a wide range of solar zenith angle (from 14° to 70°) and UV index (from 2.4 to 10.6), are used for the comparison. During the three measurement campaigns, the global UV spectral ratio BTS/Brewer was almost constant (at around 0.93) in the 300–360 nm region for solar zenith angles (SZAs) below 70°. Thus, the BTS calibration was stable during the whole period of study (∼1.5 years). Likewise, it showed no seasonal nor SZA significant dependence in this wavelength region. Regarding the UV index, a good correlation between the BTS and the Brewer #150 was found, i.e. the dynamic range of the BTS is comparable to that of the Brewer #150. These results confirm the quality of the long-term performance of the BTS array spectroradiometer to measure global UV irradiance.
Compositions of dissolved organic matter in the ice-covered waters above the Aurora hydrothermal vent system, Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Sert Muhammed Fatih , Niemann Helge , Reeves Eoghan P. , Granskog Mats A. , Hand Kevin P. , Kekäläinen Timo , Jänis Janne , Rossel Pamela E. , Ferré Bénédicte , Silyakova Anna , Gründger Friederike
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Hydrothermal vents modify and displace subsurface
dissolved organic matter (DOM) into the ocean. Once in the ocean, this DOM
is transported together with elements, particles, dissolved gases and
biomass along with the neutrally buoyant plume layer. Considering the number
and extent of actively venting hydrothermal sites in the oceans, their
contribution to the oceanic DOM pool may be substantial. Here, we investigate
the dynamics of DOM in relation to hydrothermal venting and related
processes at the as yet unexplored Aurora hydrothermal vent field within the
ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean at 82.9∘ N.
We examined the vertical distribution of DOM composition from sea ice to
deep waters at six hydrocast stations distal to the active vent and its
neutrally buoyant plume layer. In comparison to background seawater, we
found that the DOM in waters directly affected by the hydrothermal plume was
molecularly less diverse and 5 %–10 % lower in number of molecular formulas
associated with the molecular categories related to lipid and protein-like
compounds. On the other hand, samples that were not directly affected by the
plume were chemically more diverse and had a higher percentage of chemical
formulas associated with the carbohydrate-like category. Our results suggest
that hydrothermal processes at Aurora may influence the DOM distribution in
the bathypelagic ocean by spreading more thermally and/or chemically induced
compositions, while DOM compositions in epipelagic and mesopelagic layers
are mainly governed by the microbial carbon pump dynamics and surface-ocean–sea-ice interactions.
Development of an open-source regional data assimilation system in PEcAn v. 1.7.2: application to carbon cycle reanalysis across the contiguous US using SIPNET
Authors: Dokoohaki Hamze , Morrison Bailey D. , Raiho Ann , Serbin Shawn P. , Zarada Katie , Dramko Luke , Dietze Michael
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The ability to monitor, understand, and predict the dynamics of the terrestrial carbon cycle requires the capacity to robustly and coherently synthesize multiple streams of information that each provide partial information about different pools and fluxes. In this study, we introduce a new terrestrial carbon cycle data assimilation system, built on the PEcAn model–data eco-informatics system, and its application for the development of a proof-of-concept carbon “reanalysis” product that harmonizes carbon pools (leaf, wood, soil) and fluxes (GPP, Ra, Rh, NEE) across the contiguous United States from 1986–2019. We first calibrated this system against plant trait and flux tower net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using a novel emulated hierarchical Bayesian approach. Next, we extended the Tobit–Wishart ensemble filter (TWEnF) state data assimilation (SDA) framework, a generalization of the common ensemble Kalman filter which accounts for censored data and provides a fully Bayesian estimate of model process error, to a regional-scale system with a calibrated localization. Combined with additional workflows for propagating parameter, initial condition, and driver uncertainty, this represents the most complete and robust uncertainty accounting available for terrestrial carbon models. Our initial reanalysis was run on an irregular grid of ∼ 500 points selected using a stratified sampling method to efficiently capture environmental heterogeneity. Remotely sensed observations of aboveground biomass (Landsat LandTrendr) and leaf area index (LAI) (MODIS MOD15) were sequentially assimilated into the SIPNET model. Reanalysis soil carbon, which was indirectly constrained based on modeled covariances, showed general agreement with SoilGrids, an independent soil carbon data product. Reanalysis NEE, which was constrained based on posterior ensemble weights, also showed good agreement with eddy flux tower NEE and reduced root mean square error (RMSE) compared to the calibrated forecast. Ultimately, PEcAn's new open-source regional data assimilation framework provides a scalable workflow for harmonizing multiple data constraints and providing a uniform synthetic platform for carbon monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) as well as accelerating terrestrial carbon cycle research.
Simulating the hydrological impacts of land use conversion from annual crop to perennial forages in the Canadian Prairies using the Cold Regions Hydrological Model
Authors: Cordeiro Marcos R. C. , Liang Kang , Wilson Henry F. , Vanrobaeys Jason , Lobb David A. , Fang Xing , Pomeroy John W.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The Red River is one of the largest contributing sources of discharge and nutrients to the world’s 10th largest freshwater lake, the Lake Winnipeg. Conversion of large areas of annual crop land to perennial forages has been proposed as a strategy to reduce nutrient export to Lake Winnipeg. Such reductions could occur through either reduced concentration of nutrients in runoff or through changes in the basin-scale hydrology, resulting in lower water yield and concomitant export of nutrients. This study assessed the latter mechanism by using the physically based Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform to examine the hydrological impacts of land use conversion from annual crops to perennial forages in a sub-basin of the La Salle River Basin. This basin is a typical agricultural sub-basin in the Red River Valley, characterised by flat topography, clay soils, and a cold sub-humid, continental climate. Long-term simulations (1992–2013) of the major components of water balance were compared between canola and smooth bromegrass, representing a conversion from annual cropping systems to perennial forage. An uncertainty framework was used to represent a range of fall soil saturation status (30 % to 70 %), which govern the infiltration to frozen soil in subsequent spring. The model simulations indicated that, on average, there was a 32.6 ± 3.7 % (31.6 ± 4.0 mm) reduction in annual cumulative discharge and a 17.6 ± 10.0 % (1.4 ± 0.9 m3 s-1) reduction in annual peak discharge due to forage conversion over the assessed period. These reductions were driven by reduced overland flow (42.7 ± 8.3 %, 30.8 ± 6.3 mm), increased peak snowpack (8.1 %, 7.8 mm), and enhanced infiltration to frozen soils (61.9 ± 4.0 %, 131.9 ± 8.0 mm). Higher cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) from perennial forages (33.8 % ± 0.7 %, 92.3 ± 1.8 mm) was also predicted by the simulations. Overall, daily soil moisture under perennial forage was 14.0 % (44.9 mm) higher than that of crop simulation likely due to the higher SWE and enhanced infiltration. However, the impact of forage conversion on daily soil moisture varied interannually. Soil moisture under perennial forage stands could be either higher or lower than that of annual crops, depending on antecedent spring snowmelt infiltration volumes.
Seasonal δ2H and δ18O changes in river water from a high-altitude humid plain of the southern Alps (Cervières, France): tracking the transit time through a watershed
Authors: Lécuyer Christoph , Atrops François , Fourel François , Flandrois Jean-Pierre , Pinay Gilles , Davy Philippe
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The Alps Mountains play a major role in the water cycle at a regional scale in Europe. This mountain range acts as the ‘water tower’ of Europe by storing large volumes of ice and snow, and by regulating the runoff of the rivers constituting freshwater reservoirs of paramount importance for the biodiversity and human activity. Located in the French Southern Alps, the Cerveyrette valley and a high-altitude (≈ 2000 m) swampy plain constitute a watershed of about 100 km2. From August 2011 to July 2013, water samples were collected monthly from the Cerveyrette river upstream of the Cervières village (elevation = 1620 m) located in the Upper Durance catchment area. Apparent cyclicality in δ2H and δ18O of the river waters documented over these two years partly reflect seasonal variations in the isotopic compositions of precipitations that mainly occur as snow accumulating at altitudes ranging from ≈ 1700 m to 3300 m. The estimated time lag of three to four months between summer precipitations and their sampling in the Cerveyrette river at the discharge point of the watershed is interpreted to integrate both the mean transfer time of the water discharge and the rate of melting of the snow cover. Here, we show that the transfer time from mountain-accumulated snow toward the low-altitude cultivated areas (Provence) is a sensitive key variable responding to the current climate warming. Indeed, a lowering of the snow cover surface is expected to reduce the buffer effect of snow compared to rainfall, and to decrease the time period during which the discharge rate of the Durance river is large enough for constituting sizable water resources. Understanding and modeling water transit times in nival dominated watersheds are consequently critical to evaluate the impact of the ongoing climate warming on water circulation and resources in the Alps and downstream including the case of mitigation actions.
Long-term reconstruction of satellite-based precipitation, soil moisture, and snow water equivalent in China
Authors: Yang Wencong , Yang Hanbo , Li Changming , Wang Taihua , Liu Ziwei , Hu Qingfang , Yang Dawen
Published: April 2022

Abstract. A long-term high-resolution national dataset of precipitation (P), soil moisture (SM), and snow water equivalent (SWE) is necessary for predicting floods and droughts and assessing the impacts of climate change on streamflow in China. Current long-term daily or sub-daily datasets of P, SM, and SWE are limited by a coarse spatial resolution, the lack of local correction, or the lack of direct calibration. In this study, we produced a daily 0.1° dataset of P, SM, and SWE in 1981–2017 across China using global background data and local onsite data as forcing input and satellite-based data as reconstruction benchmarks. Long-term global 0.1° and local 0.25° P data are merged to reconstruct the P from the short-term 0.1° China Merged Precipitation Analysis (CMPA) using a stacking machine learning model. Long-term SM data are reconstructed by the HBV hydrological model with SM calibrated by Soil Moisture Active Passive Level 4 (SMAP-L4) data. Long-term SWE data are also reconstructed by the HBV hydrological model with SWE calibrated by the national satellite-based snow depth dataset in China (Che and Dai, 2015) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow cover data. For all grids at the national and daily scale, the median Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) of the reconstructed P and SM are 0.68 and 0.61 respectively. For grids in two snow-rich regions at the daily scale, the median KGEs of the reconstructed SWE are 0.55 and -2.41 in the Songhua and Liaohe Basin and the Continental Basin respectively. Generally, the reconstruction dataset performs better in southern and eastern China than in northern and western China for P and SM, and performs better in northeast China than other regions for SWE. As the first long-term 0.1° daily dataset of P, SM, and SWE that combines information from local observations and satellite-based data benchmarks, this reconstruction product is valuable for future national investigations of hydrological processes.
El rol de los suplementos vitamínicos en pacientes con depresión
Authors: Pisula Pedro , Pulimens Camila , Vietto Valeria
Published: April 2022

La depresión es un trastorno del estado de ánimo que se caracteriza por la existencia de un sentimiento de tristeza lo suficientemente intenso como para interferir en el desarrollo de las actividades habituales. A partir de un caso clínico real, en el que una paciente con depresión solicita a su médico de cabecera sumar un suplemento de vitaminas a su plan terapéutico, revisamos la evidencia disponible sobre el uso de estos micronutrientes para el tratamiento de la depresión, y encontramos que no existen pruebas robustas que avalen la suplementación vitamínica en pacientes con este problema de salud.
Beer and Taxes
Authors: Unger Richard W.
Published: April 2022

Beer taxes were long a significant source of government revenue in northern Europe. In Holland the income from beer taxes went into long-term decline from 1650 onward. In England the take remained more stable. In both, beer produced a falling share of total revenue as expenses increased in an era of frequent and increasingly costly wars. The fiscal policies pursued in reaction to beer contributing a declining share of total government income led, by 1800, to policies that made the tax burden more broadly shared in the Netherlands than it was in Great Britain. The failure of beer to support the states, as the drink had previously, was less important to fiscal health than more general developments in population and in the economies of the two.
Plantation Women and Children
Authors: Teeuwen Danielle
Published: April 2022

In the period 1870-1940 over a million Javanese labourers travelled to Sumatra hoping for a better life. Although the literature focuses on the labour activities, working conditions, and wages of male workers, especially from 1900 onwards a substantial part of the hired labourers were women and children. This paper argues that in the late colonial period attempts were made to improve the conditions for  family life on the plantations. These policies were aimed at creating a stable pool of workers in a context of widespread labour scarcity. However, improvements were slow, and when a labour surplus occurred during the Great Depression, women's wages and contracts were affected most, which shows the gendered labour policies on the plantations were very much driven by an economic rationale.
DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHM FOR DESCRIPTION OF INTERATOMIC INTERACTION IN IRON-BASED MELTINGS WITH IMPLEMENTATION ATOMS
Authors: Grekov S. V. , Togobitskaya D. N. , Piptyuk V. P. , Kuksa O. V. , Lyhochov Yu. M.
Published: April 2022

The aim of this work is to develop an algorithm for calculating the parameters of interatomic interaction in melts in the presence of introduction atoms. Along with high-cost research methods, which make it possible to obtain temperature and concentration dependences of the structure-sensitive properties of melts (density, viscosity, electrical resistance, etc.), and with diffraction methods of research (X-ray, electron and neutronography using synchrotron or magnetic-brake, X-ray radiation) theoretical research (using computer modeling methods) is less expensive and complements other research methods. Conducting a short analysis of aspects of modern quasicrystallinic theories of the structure of metallic melts. Since the proposition that liquid metal materials have a hereditary structure of their crystalline state, an analysis of the concepts of interstitial atoms (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, boron, carbon) for iron-based melts is made. The proposed structures of unit cells for hydrides, oxides, nitrides, borides and cementite of iron-containing melts. The existing methodology was developed by the employees of the ISI NASU on the basis of the concept of directed chemical bonding, which assumes the structure of the structure of metal melts with the composition of various atoms by the type of substitution. The internuclear distance and other integral and portion parameters are calculated using the system of equations for pair interactions of different and identical atoms in the unit cell of the structure in the first coordination (short-range order) and second (long-range order of their arrangement) spheres. The need arose to introduce an additional (third) coordination sphere of interaction for ordering interstitial atoms in iron-based melts. A method of theoretical assessment has been developed and the expediency of taking into account the differences from the existing concepts (according to the theory of Ye.V. Prikhodko) on the structure formation of metal melts with intrusion elements for further modeling of alloying and microalloying processes is shown. An algorithm for recalculating the parameters of interatomic interaction is proposed. The expediency is confirmed by an increase in the accuracy of the ratio of calculated and experimental data on the mechanical properties of steels for welding purposes.
THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF BEHAVIOR OF COMPONENTS IN SLAG SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTIC IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANGANESE FERROAL ALLOYS
Authors: Nadtochii A. A. , Stepanenko D. O. , Khodotova N. E. , Kyrychok V. S.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study is to find highly efficient schemes for the use of secondary raw materials and waste-free technologies that will return valuable chemical elements to the metallurgical redistribution, primarily manganese. This problem cannot be solved without a theoretical substantiation of physicochemical conditions, the creation of which will allow to achieve a fuller use of the potential of the useful properties of the studied materials. Analysis of the main physicochemical properties of manganese-containing materials, in particular ferroalloy slags, will allow to obtain the initial data and intervals of values of parameters necessary for further research on the development of an effective technology for processing manganese slags. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations in the system Mn-Si-Ca-Al-Mg-O show that the increase in the amount of free manganese oxide is associated with a certain value of basicity, the achievement of which provides the predominant binding of silica to calcium silicates. The increased content of MgO oxide increases the amount of free oxides of silicon and manganese. The ratio of oxides in the system affects the viscosity and crystallization characteristics of this system. The degree of reduction of oxides is determined by the activities of the components of the slag phase, which depends on its chemical composition and temperature. Calculation of activities in the system based on manganese oxide showed that increasing the basicity, and magnesium oxide content in the system increases the activity of manganese oxide and the addition of aluminіum oxide - decreases, which coincides with the data obtained by calculating the equilibrium phase distribution. The analysis of the data obtained in the calculation of the activities of components in a complex slag system based on manganese oxide justifies the feasibility of reprocessing metallurgical manganese slag, which will return manganese to the metallurgical redistribution.
Kernel density estimation under widely orthant dependence
Authors: Wang Wei , Wu Qingqing , Tang Xufei ,   School of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chaohu University, Hefei 238024, China
Published: April 2022

The kernel density estimator for widely orthant dependent random variables is studied. The exponential inequalities and the exponential rate for the estimator of a density function with a uniform version over compact sets are investigated. Further, the consistency of the estimator is proved. The results are generalizations of some existing outcomes for both associated and negatively associated samples. The convergence rate of the kernel density estimator is illustrated via a simulation study. Moreover, a real data analysis is presented.
Curvature estimate of the Yang-Mills-Higgs flow on Kähler manifolds
Authors: Shen Zhenghan ,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Published: April 2022

The curvature estimate of the Yang-Mills-Higgs flow on Higgs bundles over compact Kähler manifolds is studied. Under the assumptions that the Higgs bundle is non-semistable and the Harder-Narasimhan-Seshadri filtration has no singularities with length one, it is proved that the curvature of the evolved Hermitian metric is uniformly bounded.
Constraining the Ediacaran oceanic dissolved organic carbon reservoir: Insights from carbon isotopic records from a drill core from South China
Authors: Gao Yunpei , Gong Yizhe , Chen Xiaoyan ,   School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: April 2022

The evolution of the atmospheric oxygen content through Earth’s history is a key issue in paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental research. There were at least two oxygenation events in the Precambrian that involved fundamental changes in both biotic innovation and the surface environment. However, a large dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool maintained in deep oceans during the Neoproterozoic may have extended the time interval between the two oxygenation events. To test the DOC hypothesis, we conducted detailed micro-drilled analyses of carbonate carbon isotopes (δ13Ccarb) of a long Ediacaran drill core (the Wangji drill core), for which whole-rock δ13Ccarb and organic carbon isotope (δ13Corg) records were available. The micro-drilled δ13Ccarb values obtained in this study are consistent with whole-rock δ13Ccarb results, precluding the influence of severe authigenic carbonate incorporation. Importantly, the multiple negative δ13Ccarb excursions in the Wangji drill core were likely linked with upwelling events, during which DOC was supplied to the surface water and oxidized. Using box models, we estimate that ~3.6 × 1019 mol and ~2.0 × 1019 mol DOC were converted to bicarbonate during two negative δ13Ccarb excursions spanning millions of years. The estimations are approximately 1000 times the modern marine DOC reservoir. Our results support a relatively high oxidation capacity (elevated atmospheric pO2 and/or oceanic [\begin{document}${\rm{SO}}_4^{2 - }$\end{document}]) of the Earth’s surface during the early Ediacaran Period.
Sheared E × B flow encountered in space plasma excited from two controllable methods
Authors: Huang Kexin , Zhang Xiao , Jin Rong , Liu Yu , Lei Jiuhou ,   CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei 230026, China
Published: April 2022

Sheared  E  ×  B  flow has been frequently observed to excite instability in space plasma. In this study, two methods – the interpenetrating plasma and ring electrode methods – were developed in the Keda Space Plasma EXperiment (KSPEX) device to trigger sheared  E  ×  B  flow. Both methods produce sheared  E  ×  B  flow by generating a radial electric field. The results of the experiment indicated that plasma instabilities in the ion cyclotron range can be excited by these methods. Therefore, the methods reported here are important for research on the mechanism for generating sheared flow-driven plasma instabilities, which may enrich our understanding of geospace physics.
Early Detection of Blood Borne Pathogens and its Antibiotic Susceptibility
Authors: Titare Uday Rajesh , Sharma Ravindra Ashok
Published: April 2022

In this study the evaluation of the new blood culture technique to improve rapid detection for the presence of bacteria in blood by using Tetrazolium dye (TTC) was done. To compare and evaluate effective method with the help of MICs values obtained from improved method against standard method. The Blood samples were collected and processed by two different method i.e. conventional blood culturing method and improved method by using TTC dye. In conventional method the sample was inoculated in blood culture bottle and then plated on blood agar, MacConkey, and chocolate agar and was incubated for 24hrs. After incubation the growth observed was identified and reported. Along with this in Improved TTC dye method the blood was inoculated in tryptone soya broth incubated and then TTC dye was added in it and cherry red color development was considered as positive. In the present study, total 50 blood samples were processed of which 32 samples exhibited growth on media and 18 samples show no growth. From total positive growth samples, 9 were gram positive including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and remaining 23 were gram negative rods including E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. Overall, the average time required for growth by conventional method is 51 hours while that of TTC dye method is of 30 hours. In contrast to antibiotic susceptibility test, Microbroth dilution method was easy, reliable, affordable and quick result giving method as compare to standard antibiotic susceptibility test method.

Key words: Bloodstream infections, Antibiotic susceptibility, Tetrazolium dye.
Effectiveness of Psychoeducation on Attitude towards Persons with Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia among Their Family Members
Authors: Padmini Roy Chanamthabam , Baruah Arunjyoti
Published: April 2022

Background: Family members’ attitude towards the clients plays a significant role in the functioning, treatment adherence and better quality of life for the clients. Lack of proper knowledge about illness, unparalleled expectations from clients and limited mental health services and facilities contribute towards the development of negative attitude towards the client.
Aim: The present study aimed to find out the impact of psychoeducation on attitude towards persons with negative symptoms of schizophrenia among their family members.
Materials and methods: Quasi experimental study design was adopted. Though purposive sampling 30 dyads of patients and family members each from control and experimental group took part in the study. Measures include socio demographic proforma, Positive and Negative syndrome scale (PANSS), Scale for assessment of negative symptoms (SANS) and Family attitude scale (FAS). Three sessions of family psychoeducation was provided to the experimental group during the hospital stay of the clients. Pre test data was collected before the implementation of family psychoeducation and post test data after one month i.e. at the first follow up of the clients after discharge from the hospital. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics paired, independent ‘t’ test, Pearson’s correlation and chi square were computed.
Results: A significant difference in the pre test and post test family attitude score was found in the experimental group at P<0.001.However, no significant difference was found in the control group.
Conclusions: Family psychoeducation was found to be effective for improving the attitude of the family members towards the client with negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Key words: Psychoeducation, attitude, negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate as a Skeletal Maturity Indicator - Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Salma Amtul , B.K. Sharmada , Khalidi Fatima
Published: April 2022

Objective: The aim is to associate dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) levels to skeletal maturity by using the cervical vertebra stages and its use as skeletal maturity indicator.
Results: Mean serum DHEAS levels were significantly higher in the post pubertal stages than in the pre pubertal and early pubertal stages. Linear correlation showed that DHEAS levels had a significant positive correlation with cervical skeletal maturity from the pre pubertal to the post pubertal stages.
Conclusion: Serum DHEAS could be used as a reliable indicator of skeletal maturity eliminating the risk of radiation exposure.

Key words: dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, cervical vertebra, skeletal maturity indicators, pre pubertal growth, post pubertal growth.
Hematological indicators of mooses by means of automated analysis and microscopic method
Authors: Stekolnikov A. A. , Reshetnyak V. V. , Burdeyny V. V. , Elokhin M. D. , Malakhova L. V. , Elokhin A. V.
Published: April 2022

In recent years, automatic hematological analyzers have been introduced into veterinary practice for clinical blood analysis. In this regard, a number of reports have appeared in the literature reflecting the morphological parameters of elk blood obtained on automatic hemoanalyzers for veterinary and medical purposes. However, it should be noted that most of the veterinary equipment is programmed to conduct research on agricultural, small domestic, less often exotic animals, not the mooses. In addition, the semicytometric (impedancemetric) method of cell counting, which is the basis for the work of hemoanalyzers, unlike the classical (visual) method, allows to differentiate only three or five subpopulations of leukocytes. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to study the morphological parameters of blood using automatic analyzers in a comparative aspect with the visual method. In the first series of experiments on 17 moose calves of 1.5–2 months, a comparative assessment of hematological parameters was carried out by the microscopic method and on automatic analyzers (differentiating leukocytes into three subpopulations) for veterinary purposes RT-7600 (in the profiles "cow", "goat") and for medical purposes BC-3000 Plus. It has been found that the use of this equipment in the "cow" and "human" profiles makes it possible to evaluate the parameters of erythrocytes and platelets in moose. However, all indicators (except for hemoglobin) have significant discrepancies. Statistically significant discrepancies between the automatic determination and the visual method of leukocyte subpopulations were also found in four out of seven cases using the RT-7600 hemoanalyzer ("cow" profile) and in five out of seven cases using the BC-3000Plus hemoanalyzer. In the second series, seven adult animals were used to compare blood parameters obtained by the classical method and automatic – the Vet Scan HM5 hemoanalyzer in the profiles "cow", "sheep", "goat" (differentiating leukocytes into five subpopulations). It was revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the characteristics of all parameters of erythrocytes in the profiles "cow", "sheep", except for the average content of hemoglobin in erythrocytes (pg). The "goat" profile did not allow us to evaluate the platelet parameters, while the erythrocyte parameters were close to the previous profiles. Determination of leukocytes and their subpopulations is possible only by a visual method and automated in the "cow" profile. In this regard, automatic hematology analyzers can be used to a certain extent in mass screening for red blood, and to a lesser extent – for white blood.
The effect of digital review credibility on Jordanian online purchase intention
Authors: Majali Tha’er , Alsoud Malek , Yaseen Husam , Almajali Rateb , Barkat Samer
Published: April 2022

Recently, the credibility of digital reviews has played an essential role in the shopper's buying behaviors and decisions. Since there is a dearth of experimental research about the shoppers' credibility evaluation regarding digital reviews, this study aimed to investigate the factors that affect digital review credibility and its influence on buying choices among Jordanian consumers. With the help of elaboration likelihood theory, a research model has been established that experimentally test it through structural equation modelling from the data gathered from 246 users of the digital review website Amazon. The study's findings suggest factors that consist of the argument quality, like accuracy, completeness and quantity of digital reviews, and the peripheral cues, such as reviewer expertise, rating of goods or services, and website reputation. However, both significantly influence digital review credibility. Thus, they positively impact the buying decisions of shoppers.
The impact of SNS marketing use on women entrepreneurs in the new normal era
Authors: Anggraini Ni Putu Nita , Yasa Ni Nyoman Kerti , Giantari I Gusti Ayu Ketut , Ekawat Ni Wayan
Published: April 2022

The goal of this research was to see how network site marketing (SNS marketing) affected marketing performance in terms of customer relationship management (CRM) and marketing capabilities. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach. The population in this study are all female entrepreneurs who use SNS marketing in Bali. The sample is 260 MSMEs taken by purposive sampling. The data will be analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The inferential statistic used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on variance, namely Partial Least Square (SEM PLS) with SmartPLS 3.0 program. The research findings are that SNS marketing use has a positive and significant effect on CRM capability and marketing capability, CRM capability and marketing capability have a positive and significant effect on business performance, CRM capability and marketing capability as partial mediation influences SNS marketing use on business performance. This research implies that it is expected to help MSMEs in making decisions regarding the use of SNS marketing.
Analyzing the role of social media marketing in changing customer experience
Authors: Bataineh Abdallah Q.
Published: April 2022

Social media is becoming more and more popular as a medium for marketing and promotion. Banks, for example, have spent a substantial amount of time, efforts, as well as finances marketing their products. Nevertheless, figuring out how businesses may use social media marketing to reach customers and encourage them to remain loyal is really a challenge. Therefore, the study purpose is to identify as well as test the key sections of social media marketing that can anticipate improvements in customer experience. The conceptual framework was proposed using seven variables (performance expectancy, hedonic incentive, and habit) from the expanding Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2), as well as interactivity, information quality, perceived relevance and purchase intention. The research data was gathered through 437 questionnaires from banks customers. The validity of the existing model and the strong impact of performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, interactivity, information quality, and perceived relevance on customer experience were significantly supported by the primary results of structural equation modeling (SEM). This research should give marketers with a lot of theoretically and practically recommendations on how to organize and conduct social media marketing effectively
The effect of electronic human resources practices on employee satisfaction in private hospitals
Authors: Aityassine Fatima Lahcen Yachou , Alsayaha Abedalsttar Mustafa Yousef , Al-Ajlouni ahmoud Mohammad
Published: April 2022

The objective of the study was to determine the impact of electronic human resources practices on Employees Satisfaction in private hospitals in Jordan. The dimensions of electronic human resources practices are (e-recruitment, e-training, e- performance evaluation, e-rewards system, and e-communication). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS and AMOS software. The population of the study involves all the physicians working in private hospitals in Jordan. Data were primarily gathered through self-reported questionnaires created by Google Forms which were distributed to a purposive sample of physicians via email. To achieve the objectives of the study and test hypotheses, the researcher used SPSS and path analysis. The study results showed that there is a statistically significant impact of electronic human resources practices on employee’s satisfaction. Considering study finding, the researcher recommends decision makers to provide the largest possible investment in modern technology, and to subscribe to databases that qualify doctors to practice electronic human resource management dimensions that were mentioned in the study and ensuring doctors’ job stability.
Progress in diagnosis and treatment of delayed movement disorder
Authors:   Shanghai Songjiang Mental Health Center, No. 209 Tahui Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201617, China., Xiong Qiang , Wang Yingchan ,   Shanghai Mental Health Center, 600 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China.
Published: April 2022

Delayed movement disorder is an involuntary movement syndrome after long-term use of antipsychotic drugs, and also a serious adverse drug reaction. The treatment of delayed movement disorder has been an important issue. How to carry out related prevention is directly related to the vital interests of patients. This article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Keywords: delayed movement disorder; diagnosis; treatment.
Risk predictors selection and predict for the first-day neonatal mortality in Bangladesh using machine learning techniques
Authors:   Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh, Prima Afsana Tasnim , Thity Nishat Tasnim ,   Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh, Rois Rumana ,   Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
Published: April 2022

Although the neonatal mortality rate has been diminished over time in Bangladesh, the rate is still very high. The day of birth is the most vulnerable period for newborns. This study assessed to predict and detect associated risk predictors of the first-day neonatal mortality through Machine Learning (ML) algorithm. We investigated the potential risk factors on the information collected from 43,772 evermarried women of different backgrounds extracted from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). Based on this demographic and socio-economic risk factors, our goal is to predict the prevalence of first-day neonatal mortality in Bangladesh. Analysis was done using different ML algorithms. Boruta algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were used to extract the relevant risk factors of the first-day neonatal mortality. Prediction of the prevalence of the first-day neonatal mortality was executed using Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), SVM, and Logistic Regression (LR), and their performances were appraised using different parameters of confusion matrix, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves, and k-fold cross-validation techniques. About two-thirds of the firstday neonatal mortality occurred in the rural area. Male children had high neonatal mortality, with a rate of 51.2%. Mother Age at 1st birth, Husband/partner’s education level, Type of cooking fuel, Total children ever born, Wealth index, Mother’s education level, Access to media, and Type of place of residence were selected as significant risk predictors for predicting the first-day neonatal mortality. Results found that the SVM with Gaussian kernel (Accuracy = 0.8358, Sensitivity = 0. 8637, Specificity = 0.3333, Precision = 0.9588, area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.6596, k-fold accuracy=0.8530) performed better among the four machine learning models to predict the firstday neonatal mortality in Bangladesh. Machine learning framework can detect significant predictors of the first-day neonatal mortality, therefore may help the health-policymakers, stakeholders, and family members to understand and prevent this public health problem. Keywords: infant health; decision tree; random forest; support vector machine; feature selection; logistic regression; boruta algorithm; confusion matrix; ROC; k-fold cross-validation.
Laparoscopic gastric sleeve resection for metabolic syndrome (MS) with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS): Report of two cases
Authors:   Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China., Wu Zhiqiang , Sun Kai ,   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chongming Branch of Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China, Shen Changxing ,   Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine & Western Medicine, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Published: April 2022

To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Laparoscopic Gastric Sleeve Resection (LGSR) for patients with metabolic syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS). Two patients with metabolic syndrome and OSAHS received LGSR in our hospital in 2015 and were postoperatively followed up for 3 months to observe relief of the symptoms of Acanthosis Nigricans (AN) and snoring, and changes in metabolism-associated parameters, endocrine hormones and inflammatory factors. The results of 3-month postoperative follow-up observations showed that body weight was reduced and the associated symptoms of AN and snoring were relieved significantly in both patients. Body Mass Index (BMI) and neck and abdominal circumferences were also decreased significantly. Metabolism-related biochemical parameters, inflammatory factors and endocrine hormones including Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW), Fast Blood Glucose (FBG), blood insulin, CReactive Protein (CRP), mean blood pressure and sex hormones all underwent favorable changes in both patients. The clinical outcome of the two patients in our series demonstrates that LGSR is a viable option for the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome and OSAHS in that it can relieve the snoring symptoms of sleep apnea, improve lipid and glucose metabolisms and endocrine hormone levels in obese patients, and attenuate their chronic inflammation. Keywords: laparoscopic gastric sleeve resection; obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS); inflammation; sex hormone.
Association of age with depth of invasion and extra capsular spread in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study
Authors:   Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Patel Hospital, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh 75300, Pakistan., Shaikh Shafqat Ali , Abbas Syed Akbar ,   Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery National Stadium Rd, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh 74800, Pakistan., Ayub Bushra ,   Department of Surgery and Allied, Patel Hospital, ST-18, Block 4 Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh 75300, Pakistan., Ehteramul Haq Muhammad ,   Department of Surgery and Allied, Patel Hospital, ST-18, Block 4 Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh 75300, Pakistan., Qureshi Talha Ahmed ,   Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Patel Hospital, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh 75300, Pakistan., Khalil Amna ,   Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh 74200, Pakistan.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Oral malignancy is most common tumors in Pakistan. The age of the greater part of the patient’s reaches somewhere in the range of 50 and 70 years and old age is an indirect risk factor for malignant growths. It is challenging to treat the older patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma due to poor performance and the adjusted physiology and the additional comorbidities that may influence the decision of surgery and adjuvant treatment, whenever scheduled. Above mentioned factors in elderly group might affect the option of treatment and may vary from the ideal treatment. We aim to evaluate the association of age with depth of invasion and to assess the association of age with extra capsular spread and risk factors in patients with oral cancer. Material/Methods: This is a retrospective study. Total 360 patients underwent the surgery from 2011 to 2017 of which 260 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for our study. The chi-square test was applied to check the association between ages with a depth of invasion of tumor. Results: There were 260 patients who underwent treatment for oral cancer it was subdivided in 3 age groups and multiple addictions are most common in every age group 51% (n=133). Majority of the patients had final stage III and IVA with 31% (n=80) and 35% (n=92). Age has a significant association with the depth of invasion, about 56% (n=144) has >10 mm depth of invasion of tumor with 95% of CI (P-value=0.01). There was no extracapsular spread in 82% (n=214) and yes in 18% (n=46) of the patients with 95% of CI (p-value= 0.149) which was insignificant in patients with oral cancer. Conclusion: This study shows that oral cancer has increased depth of invasion in younger population as compared to elderly population and there is no association between age and extracapsular spread in patients. Majority of patients were found to have moderately differentiated oral cancer. Keywords: oral squamous cell carcinoma; extra capsular spread; depth of invasion; head and neck neoplasms.
Ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specific, causes Cushing syndrome in 6 years old girl: A case report
Authors:   National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, Pakistan., Rai Versha Rani , Rahak Karishma ,   National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, Pakistan., Shazia Mahar Maira Riaz; ,   National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, Pakistan., Shaikh Ikramullah ,   National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, Pakistan., t Shafqat ,   National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, Pakistan., Ibrahim Mohsina Noor ,   National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, Pakistan.
Published: April 2022

We report a case of 6 years old girl with ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor, Not Otherwise Specific (SCT-NOS). She was admitted to the hospital with increased weight gain, hypertrichosis, and cushingoid facies in form of prominent cheecks, moon facies with dorsocervical fat pad, obese built, acanthosis nigricans on back of neck and marked hirsutism. Initial workup showed raised level if cortisol with loss of diurnal rhythm, and undetectable Plasma ACTH levels, increased testosterone levels. Ultrasound revealed left sided adnexal mass having no flow inside, which was later confirmed on CT as neoplastic lesion of left ovary measuring 6.9 X 8.1 X 4.9 cm. The patient underwent left oophorectomy and pathological examination showed steroid cell tumour, limited to ovary and negative for malignancy. She was kept on IV hydrocortisone preop and post operatively and antihypertensives. After tumor resection her testosterone and cortisol returned to normal levels. Keywords: steroid cell tumor; not otherwise specific; cushing syndrome; ovarian mass.