bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP MOTIVASI MENGONTROL KADAR GULA DARAH PADA PASIEN DM TIPE II
Authors: Arimbi Dian Sukma Dewi , Lita Lita , Indra Rani Lisa
Published: July 2020

Motivasi dari setiap individu berkaitan dengan pengetahuan yang dimiliki masing-masing pasien. Tingkat motivasi pasien yang rendah dapat dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan yang rendah terutama tidak didapatkannya pendidikan kesehatan secara baik, sehingga kontrol gula darah pada pasien DM tipe II tidak dapat berjalan dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap motivasi mengontrol kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe II. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre-eksperiment dengan desain one group pre and post test. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rejosari. Dengan sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 35 pasien DM menggunakan teknik  penelitian Purposive Sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan kuesioner demografi responden dan kuesioner motivasi yang di uji menggunakan dependent t-test. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap motivasi dalam mengontrol kadar gula darah pada pasien DM tipe II diperoleh p 0.000. Kesimpulan yaitu ada pengaruh antara pendidikan kesehatan terhadap motivasi pasien DM tipe II dalam mengontrol kadar gula darah di wilayah kerja puskesmas Rejosari. Dari hasil penelitian diharapkan kepada pihak puskesmas khususnya puskesma Rejosari untuk dapat meningkatkan kegiatan baik berupa kegiatan penyuluhan dan pendidikan kesehatan untuk meningkatkan motivasi pasien DM tipe II mengontrol kadar gula darah.

Kata kunci : Diabetes Melitus, Motivasi, Pendidikan Kesehatan.
proposta de ensino de fundamentos de Astronomia e Astrofísica via ensino sob medida
Authors: Cestari Thiago Nunes , Santos Marcio Gabriel dos , Amaral Rafael Aislan
Published: July 2020

Embora o Ensino de Astronomia seja recomendado por diversos documentos normativos, é desconsiderado por grande parte dos autores de livros didáticos, bem como esquecido pelos professores da educação básica em seus planejamentos e ações didáticas. Como forma de contribuir para sanar essa lacuna, desenvolvemos uma sequência utilizando o método Ensino sob Medida. Essa sequência didática utilizou o método supracitado para abordar os seguintes temas: o que é uma estrela? Qual a origem da formação do sistema solar? O nascimento, a vida e a morte das estrelas, nucleossíntese e a origem e a expansão do universo. Foram programadas cinco aulas com 50 minutos cada e, ao final, foi aplicado um teste conceitual a fim de avaliar a aprendizagem dos estudantes, além de um questionário de opiniões, com intuito de verificar o engajamento deles. Com tais aplicações, percebeu-se que essa sequência didática proporcionou engajamento dos alunos nas atividades.
Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers
Authors: Brüggemann Dorothea , Michel Johanna , Suter Naiana , Grande de Aguiar Matheus , Maas Michael
Published: July 2020

Helical structures can be found in nature at various length scales ranging from the molecular level to the macroscale. Due to their ability to store mechanical energy and to optimize the accessible surface area, helical shapes contribute particularly to motion-driven processes and structural reinforcement. Due to these special features, helical fibers have become highly attractive for biotechnological and tissue engineering applications. However, there are only a few methods available for the production of biocompatible helical microfibers. Given that, we present here a simple technique for the fabrication of helical chitosan microfibers with embedded magnetic nanoparticles. Composite fibers were prepared by wet-spinning and coagulation in an ethanol bath. Thereby, no toxic components were introduced into the wet-spun chitosan fibers. After drying, the helical fibers had a diameter of approximately 130 µm. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of wet-spun helices revealed that the magnetic nanoparticles agglomerated into clusters inside the fiber matrix. The helical constructs exhibited a diameter of approximately 500 µm with one to two windings per millimeter. Due to their ferromagnetic properties they are easily attracted to a permanent magnet. The results from the tensile testing show that the helical chitosan microfibers exhibited an average Young’s modulus of 14 MPa. By taking advantage of the magnetic properties of the feedstock solution, the production of the helical fibers could be automated. The fabrication of the helical fibers was achieved by utilizing the magnetic properties of the feedstock solution and winding the emerging fiber around a rotating magnetic collector needle upon coagulation. In summary, our helical chitosan microfibers are very attractive for future use in magnetic tissue engineering or for the development of biocompatible actuator systems.
Acoustic tests of type KPF1 high-pressure external gear pumps
Authors: Osiński Piotr , Rutański Janusz , Bury Paweł , Cieślicki Rafał
Published: July 2020

This article presents the results of testing the sound pressure level and sound
power level of the experimental 3PW-KPF1-24-40-2-776 high-pressure gear
pump. Acoustic tests were conducted in an reverberation chamber. The results
of the acoustic power tests indicate good acoustic parameters of the tested
high-pressure unit.
Durability tests of prototype gear pumps with reduced flow ripple
Authors: Osiński Piotr , Bury Paweł , Cieślicki Rafał , Rutański Janusz
Published: July 2020

This article presents the results of a durability test of a prototype low-pulsation
pump. Hydraulic measurements conducted during the test enabled visualisation
of the behaviour of the unit in working conditions. The test was conducted
according to a strict factory standard, which states that pump performance
parameters cannot decrease by more than 8% during durability testing. The
material presented in this publication is the result of a study within the project
entitled The development of innovative gear pumps with a reduced level of acoustic
emission. The solution developed as part of the project has been successfully
implemented for a series of gear pumps consisting of twenty-two units. Among
other awards, the product won the Gold Medal at the 10th International Fair of
Pneumatics, Hydraulics, Drives and Controls, Kielce 2017.
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PENILAIAN SISWA BERBASIS MOBILE EXAM PADA MATA PELAJARAN TEKNIK DASAR OTOMOTIF DI SMK NEGERI 1 GOMBONG
Authors: Ferianto Abian , Ashari Ashari
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui dan mengembangkan model aplikasi yang tepat untuk membantu guru dalam melakukan sistem penilaian hasil belajar siswa berbasis Mobile Exam pada mata pelajaran Teknik Dasar Otomotif di sekolah kejuruan, (2) Mendapatkan informasi kelayakan sistem penilaian siswa berbasis Mobile Exam pada mata pelajaran Teknik Dasar Otomotif di sekolah kejuruan, (3) Mendapatkan informasi tentang keefektifan sistem penilaian siswa berbasis Mobile Exam pada mata pelajaran Teknik Dasar Otomotif di sekolah kejuruan.Metode penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D) berdasarkan model penelitian dan pengembangan 4D. Tahapan yang dilakukan yaitu tahap pendefinisian (define), tahap perencanaan (design), tahap pengembangan (develop), dan tahap penyebaran (disseminate). Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dan angket.Hasil penelitian ini diukur berdasarkan aspek fungsional, aspek kelayakan, aspek keefektifan yang di validasi oleh para ahli dan di uji cobakan pada siswa. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian tersebut diperoleh: (1) Pada aspek fungsional, sistem penilaian ini telah memenuhi standar karena fungsi berjalan 100% dan masing-masing subkarakteristik memiliki nilai X = 1, (2) Pada aspek kelayakan sistem penilaian ini telah memenuhi standar dengan skor inter pretasi 83,29%, (3) Pada aspek keefektifan, sistem penilaian ini telah memenuhi standar dengan nilai page speed 97% menempati garde A serta nilai Yslow sebesar 89% menempati grade B atau Good.Kata Kunci : Pengembangan sistem, Sistem penilaian siswa, mobile exam
Comparison of the effectiveness of manual cleaning, hydrogen peroxide vapor and ultraviolet-c in disinfection of hospital equipment
Authors: Sedaghat Yosra , Gholampour Seifollah , Ghomshe Farhad Tabatabai
Published: July 2020

Hospitals are the focus of many infections which cause the intensification of the patients’ illness and even their death. The number of bacteria on various hospital equipment was counted before and after being disinfected with manual cleaning (MC), hydrogen peroxide vapour (HPV) and ultraviolet-C (UV-C). The effectiveness of disinfection of hospital beds in intensive care unit (ICU) using the three methods MC, HPV and UV-C has been 66.67%, 100% and 50%, respectively. Hence, the effectiveness of HPV method in the disinfection of this unit has been higher than others. The effectiveness of otoscope disinfection in the ICU and blood pressure meter in the operating room with three methods of MC, HPV and UV-C has been 0%, 50% and 100%, respectively. So, for disinfecting these small outfits, UV-C method has proven to be the best one. In case of programming, the correct move of portable UV-Cs for complete coverage of massive equipment, disinfection with UV-C method may be considered more effective than other methods.
Etiology, incidence and mortality in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in adult general surgery and cardiac surgery intensive care units in University Hospital Dubrava
Authors: Karin Andrea , Šribar Andrej , Pražetina Marko , Bakran Katerina , Peršec Jasminka
Published: July 2020

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) strongly contribute to morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is pneumonia occurring 48 hours upon admission and appears not to be incubating at the time of admission. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of HAP developing in intubated patients after more than 48 hours upon mechanical ventilation. HAP and VAP are common and serious complications present in hospitalized patients. Since the diagnosis of VAP and HAP are rarely documented, we wanted to assess the incidence of VAP in General Surgery and Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Units in 2018 and analyse the patients and procedures related factors. Patients intubated and ventilated more than 96 hours during 2018 were included. Our findings have shown that incidence of VAP in two analysed ICUs in UH Dubrava is in line with VAP incidence found in literature due to successful preventive strategies and timely initiation of antimicrobial therapy and other adjunctive procedures.
Mediaciones afectivas en el aula de clases: el afecto como herramienta de significación de los guiones del niño preescolar
Authors: Santiago Cuevas Alma Griscel
Published: July 2020

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Educación artística y comunicación: escenarios en perspectiva desde la escuela primaria
Authors: Bárcenas Barajas Karina Berenice
Published: July 2020

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Yang Gui Ca(양귀자)’nın “Uzak ve Güzel Mahalle (원미동 사람들)” Adlı Eserinde Baba Motifi Üzerine Bir Çalışma
Authors: Giray Candan Kadriye
Published: July 2020

Kore’de 1960lı yıllardan itibaren demokratikleşme süreciyle birlikte baskı altında sanayileşme ve kentleşmeye zorlanan halk, çeşitli toplumsal sorunlarla karşı kaşıya gelmiştir. Bu toplumsal sorunlar yüzünden halkın maruz kaldığı sıkıntılar edebiyat eserlerine de konu olmuştur. Kore toplumunda yaşanan zorluk ve sorunları realist bir şekilde ele alan yazarlardan Yang Gui Ca’ nın “ Uzak ve Güzel Mahalle” adlı eseri Kore Edebiyat tarihinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu eser birbiriyle bağlantılı on bir öyküden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada ele alınan baba motifi bu eser vasıtasıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada baba motifi iki şekilde ele alınmaktadır. Biri geleneksel değer yargılarını önemseyen diğeri fedakâr aile reisini resmeden baba motifidir. 1980li yıllarda Kore toplumundaki ekonomik sıkıntılara rağmen aile reisi olan baba ile manevi değerlerden çok maddiyata önem veren toplum içerisinde geleneklerini korumak için çaba sarf eden iki karakter. Bu çalışmayla birlikte bu iki baba karakteri eser vasıtasıyla incelemek amaçlanmıştır.
Günümüzde Kuzey ve Kuzey Batı Çin’de Konuşulan Çin – Tibet Dilleri Dışındaki Dillerin Durumu II Altay Dilleri 2 – Tunguzca
Authors: Yükselen Peler Gökçe
Published: July 2020

Günümüzde, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde, resmen azınlık milliyeti olarak tanınmış beş tane Tunguz topluluğu mevcuttur. Bunlar; Evenk, Oroçen, Heje, Mançu ve Sibe milliyetleridir. Ancak resmen tanınmış olan bu Tunguz milliyetlerinin dillik temellerden yoksun olduğu görülmektedir. Evenk adı altında, Solon Evenk Tunguzları, Hamnigan Evenk Tunguzları ve Mançurya Rengeyiği Evenk Tunguzları tek bir milliyet olarak sınıflandırılmaktadırlar. Oysa Solon Evenk Tunguzlarının konuştukları lehçe, diğer ikisinin konuştukları lehçelerden tamamen başka bir Tunguz lehçesidir. Buna mukabil, konuştukları lehçe, Hamnigan ve Mançurya Rengeyiği Evenek Tunguzlarının konuştukları lehçeler ile oldukça benzeşen Oroçen Tunguzları, ayrı bir milliyet olarak tanınmaktadır. Heje adı altında tanınan Tunguz milliyeti de en az Evenk kimliği kadar, dillik bakımdan sorunludur. Bu isim altında, Rusya Federasyonu’nda konuşulan iki ayrı Tunguz lehçesinin Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’ndeki uzantılarını konuşan Nanay ve Kilen Tunguzları, tek milliyet olarak tasnif edilmiştir. Sibe Tunguzları da aslında Mançu Tunguzlarının bir kabilesi olmaları ve Mançu Tunguzcasının bir ağzını konuşmalarına rağmen, resmen Sibe ve Mançu adı altında iki ayrı milliyet ve dil tanınmaktadır. Bu beş Tunguz milliyeti tarafından konuşulan dokuz ayrı Tunguz lehçesinin İç Moğolistan ve Mançurya’da yoğunlaştığı görülmektedir. Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde Tunguz lehçelerinin birden fazla lehçe ile temsil edildiği bir diğer coğrafya, Doğu Türkistan’dır. Bu dokuz lehçenin tamamı, farklı oranlarda yok olma tehlikesi ile karşı karşıyadır. Hatta bazı lehçeler ya tamamen ya da kısmen yok olmanın eşiğine gelmişlerdir. Ancak dünya yüzünde gelecekte yaşama ihtimali olan iki Tunguz lehçesinin her ikisi de yine Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde konuşulmaktadır. Bunların biri İç Moğolistan’ın Hülün Buir aymağında konuşulan Solon Evenk Tunguzcası, diğeri ise Doğu Türkistan’ İli Muhtar Kazak İli’nde konuşulan Sibe Mançu Tunguzcasıdır.
Gılgamış Destanında ve Mistisizimde İçsel Yolculuk
Authors: Özgen Mehmet Kasım
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışma Sümer kenti Uruk’un cesur kralı Gılgamış’ın Destanını ele almaktadır. Destan içerisinde geçen Yol-Yolculuk kavramlarını Mistik geleneklerde var olan manevi/yeniden doğuş anlayışı çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Aynı zamanda bu kavramların Sümer din anlayışını ve daha sonraki mistik gelenekleri de nasıl etkilediğini dikkate sunmaktadır. İçsel yolculuk esnasında yaşanılan içsel tecrübelerin, duyulan seslerin, ozanlar, rahipler ve ileri gelenler tarafından sesin gücüyle halka sunuşlarındaki ritüellerin toplum yapısını nasıl şekillendirdiğine dikkat çekilmektedir. Destanlar, mitler ve metinler insan ve toplumu yetkinleştiriyor. Bu tespitler destanın metnini yapısalcı ve yorumsal bir yöntemle analiz edilerek yapılmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bu çalışma destanda bulunan sembolleri, simgeleri farklı kültürlerde yazılmış mitler, metinler ve mistik yolculuklar ile karşılaştırmaktadır. Bu sayede insanlığın içsel yolculuğuna dair farklı mekân ve zamanda kaleme alınan eserlerin benzerliklerini, ortak noktalarını ve amaç aynı olsa da araçlardaki farklılıklarını ortaya çıkarmaktadır.
CO Emission and CO Hot Spots in Diffuse Molecular Gas
Authors: Liszt Harvey S.
Published: July 2020

We observed λ3 mm

,

,

,

, HCN, and CS emission from diffuse molecular gas along sight lines with

 ≈ 0.1–1 mag. Directions were mostly chosen for their proximity to sight lines toward background millimeter-wave continuum sources studied in

absorption at positions where maps of

at 1′ resolution showed surprisingly bright integrated CO J = 1–0 emission,

 = 5–12 K km s−1, but we also observed in L121 near ζ Oph. Coherence emerges when the data are considered over a broad range of

and

brightness. In this work

/

and N(

)/N(

) are 20–40 for

 ≲ 5 K km s−1 and N(CO)

, increasing with much scatter for larger

or N(CO). Here N(

)/N(

) > 20–40 (3σ) versus an intrinsic ratio 13C/18O = 8.4 from a combination of selective photodissociation and enhancement of

. The observations are understandable if

forms from the thermal recombination of

with electrons, after which the observed

forms via endothermic carbon isotope exchange with 13C+.

/

increases abruptly for

 ≳ 10 K km s−1, and

/

is bimodal, showing two branches having N(CS)/N(

) ≈5 and 1.25. Because CO formation and

excitation both involve collisions between

and ambient electrons, comparison of the CO and

emission shows that the CO hot spots are small regions of enhanced N(CO) occupying only a small fraction of the column density of the medium in which they are embedded. The

/CO and HCN/CO brightness ratios are 1%–2%, with obvious implications for determinations of the true dense gas fraction.
The Space Environment and Atmospheric Joule Heating of the Habitable Zone Exoplanet TOI 700 d
Authors: Cohen Ofer , Garraffo C. , Moschou Sofia-Paraskevi , Drake Jeremy J. , Alvarado-Gómez J. D. , Glocer Alex , Fraschetti Federico
Published: July 2020

We investigate the space environment conditions near the Earth-size planet TOI 700 d using a set of numerical models for the stellar corona and wind, the planetary magnetosphere, and the planetary ionosphere. We drive our simulations using a scaled-down stellar input and a scaled-up solar input in order to obtain two independent solutions. We find that for the particular parameters used in our study, the stellar wind conditions near the planet are not very extreme—slightly stronger than that near the Earth in terms of the stellar wind ram pressure and the intensity of the interplanetary magnetic field. Thus, the space environment near TOI 700 d may not be extremely harmful to the planetary atmosphere, assuming the planet resembles the Earth. Nevertheless, we stress that the stellar input parameters and the actual planetary parameters are unconstrained, and different parameters may result in a much greater effect on the atmosphere of TOI 700 d. Finally, we compare our results to solar wind measurements in the solar system and stress that modest stellar wind conditions may not guarantee atmospheric retention of exoplanets.
On the AGN Nature of Two UV-bright Sources at zspec ∼ 5.5 in the CANDELS Fields: An Update on the AGN Space Density at M1450 ∼ −22.5
Authors: Grazian A. , Giallongo E. , Fiore F. , Boutsia K. , Civano F. , Cristiani S. , Cupani G. , Dickinson M. , Fontanot F. , Menci N. , Romano M.
Published: July 2020

It is widespread opinion that hydrogen reionization is mainly driven by primeval star-forming galaxies, with high-z active galactic nuclei (AGNs) having a minor role. Recent observations, however, challenge this notion, indicating a number of issues related to a galaxy-driven reionization scenario. We provide here an updated assessment of the space density of relatively faint (M
1450 ∼ −22.5) AGNs at z
spec ∼ 5.5 in order to improve the estimate of the photoionization rate contribution from accreting supermassive black holes. Exploiting deep UV rest-frame ground-based spectra collected at the Very Large Telescope on the CANDELS/GOODS-South field and deep Chandra X-ray images in the CANDELS/GOODS-North and EGS areas, we find two relatively bright (M
1450 ∼ −22.5) AGNs at z
spec ∼ 5.5. We derive an AGN space density of Φ = 1.29 × 10−6 cMpc−3 at z ∼ 5.5 and M
1450 ∼ −22.5 by simply dividing their observed number by the cosmological volume in the range 5.0 < z < 6.1. Our estimate does not consider corrections for incompleteness; therefore, it represents a lower limit, although uncertainties due to cosmic variance can still be significant. This value supports a high space density of AGNs at z > 5, in contrast with previous claims mostly based on standard color selection, possibly affected by significant incompleteness. Our estimate for the AGN photoionization rate at z ∼ 5.5 is in agreement with the observed values at similar redshifts, which are needed to keep the intergalactic medium highly ionized. Upcoming James Webb Space Telescope and giant ground-based telescopes observations will improve the study of high-z AGNs and their contribution to the reionization of the universe.
Temporal variation in reproductive success and the effects of differential parental care on the progeny of fish with demersal eggs
Authors: Guillen-Parra Mauricio Alain , Mendoza-Cuenca Luis , Rocha-Ramírez Víctor , Pérez-Hernández Carlos Levi , Chassin-Noria Omar
Published: July 2020

A paternity test based on microsatellite analysis of eggs under the parental care of a bourgeois male Pacific sergeant major, Abudefduf troschelii, included gametes from five females and two parasitic males. The nest area was monitored for five days to evaluate variation in reproductive success, and an approximately 300% increase occurred on the first and second days after new oviposition followed by a more than 300% reduction from the second to fifth days due to predation or filial cannibalism. Finally, the egg area on the last day corresponded to the initial nest area, suggesting selective care by the male.
The Effect of the Lumbar Pedicle and Pediculo-Corporal Junction Histology on the Pedicle Screw Insertion Technique
Authors: Yilmaz Murat , Alkis Beyza , Yucesoy Kemal
Published: July 2020

Background
Posterior lumbar pedicle screw instrumentation has gained a wide acceptance in the treatment of the various spinal lesions requiring fusion. Inserting screws into the pedicles take a great deal of skill, as the dense bony parts are not large, and a mistake could push a bone fragment into the spinal nerves, causing pain, loss of mobility and other damage.
Aim: To investigate the histological and gross-anatomical properties of the pediculocorporal junction, which can have important clinical implications on the insertion technique of the pedicle screws.
Study Design: This study was approved by the University Clinical Center Review Board. Human cadaveric lumbar spinal segments which were fixed with formaldehyde were used in the study.
Methods: Twenty pedicles from 10 lumbar spinal segments (L3-L5) were prepared for histological and gross-anatomical investigation. Thin slice cuts were taken from the specimens and examined histologically and macroscopically.
Results: There were not any differences in the histological characteristics of the pedicles and the pediculo-corporal junction. Thin compact osseous formation or web like connective tissue formation was not identifiable in the pediculo-corporal junction.
Conclusion: All kind of pedicle screws can be attempted to be inserted just after preparation of the insertion point with an awl or just decortication of the entrance point with a rongeur. This can also reduce the pilot hole preparation technique related complications like perforation of the pedicle walls.
Antibacterial Activity Tests of N-hexane, Ethyl Acetate, and Methanol Leaves (Vitex) Extract (pinnata) against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Nuraskin Cut A. , Marlina Marlina , Idroes R. , Soraya C. , Djufri Djufri
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Vitex pinnata is known as Laban, which is a medicinal plant used traditionally for generations to generations. Laban leaf extract with various concentrations has antibacterial activity. Laban leaf extract is known to inhibit the formation of Streptococcus mutant in human teeth.
AIM: To exam, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum kill concentration (KBM) extract Laban leaves (V. pinnata) as an antibacterial against Streptococcus mutants.
METHODS: This research was purely experimental research with design randomized pretest-posttest and control group. The study was conducted at the Laboratory Microbiology Faculty of Animal Health, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, from March to June 2019. The sample of this study was the Laban leaf from the Aceh Besar geothermal area. This research included preparation raw materials, chemical characterization of raw materials, determination of minimum and maximum components mixture, determining the optimum formula based on the best inhibitory potential, inhibitory testing antibacterial, standardized test, and test (one-way ANOVA).
RESULTS: MIC of n-hexane extract showed the results of calculations; the percentage of bacterial inhibition was at a MIC of 1.56% on average colony −1.45 CFU/ml. In ethyl acetate extract, the MIC was 0.20% on the average colony −0.17 CFU/ml. The methanol extract can inhibit bacteria at the smallest concentration of 0.05% average colony −1.48 CFU/ml. Methanol extract inhibits bacteria more quickly. Concentration results minimum kill was 1.56%, 0.78%, 0.39%, 0.20%, 0.10%, and 0.05%. The smallest concentration of extract (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) can kill Streptococcus mutans bacteria that are marked in the absence of bacterial colonies on microbiological growth media.
CONCLUSION: Extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol from Laban leaves have inhibitory activity on the growth of S. mutans bacteria. The smallest concentration of extract (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) is able to kill S. mutans bacteria.
AHSG Thr256Ser Gene Polymorphism as a Predictor of Low Serum Fetuin-A Levels in Indonesian Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Muzasti Riri Andri , Suhardjono Suhardjono , Purwanto M. B. , Sembiring R. J.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Vascular calcification (VC) is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. The effect of alpha2-Heremans Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG) Thr256Ser gene polymorphism toward serum fetuin-A levels as one of the VC inhibitors in MHD patients is still unclear.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between AHSG Thr256Ser gene polymorphism toward serum fetuin-A levels in MHD patients in Indonesia.
METHODS: The research study design used was cross-sectional. Serum fetuin-A levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism determined AHSG Thr256Ser gene polymorphism. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the factors related to serum fetuin-A levels. p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
RESULTS: Median value of serum fetuin-A levels was 235.0 pg/ml (ranging 78–756) with mean 259.99 ± 119.36 pg/ml. Out of 106 patients involved, the distribution of AHSG Thr256Ser genotype frequency was 54 (50.9%) respondents had CG genotype, 46.2% had CC genotype, and the others (2.8%) had GG genotype. Patients with homozygous C allele (CC genotype) were 0.1 times more protected (CI 95%: 0.1–0.3) to have low serum fetuin-A levels, compared with patients with G allele either in a homozygote (GG genotype) or in the heterozygote (CG genotype). From the multivariate analysis results, it can be obtained a formulation in predicting serum fetuin-A level, which is: Serum fetuin-A level prediction = 276,59 + 150,49 DM - 0,26 serum interleukin -6 level - 43,58 AHSG Thr256Ser gene polymorphism
CONCLUSIONS: AHSG Thr256Ser gene polymorphism had a significant relationship with serum fetuin-A levels in MHD patients in Indonesia. Subjects with G allele (CG and GG genotypes) had lower serum fetuin-A levels than those with CC genotype.
Immunoscore As A Predictor Of Disease Recurrences And Patientsâ€™ Survival in Colon Cancer : A Clinicopathologic Study.
Authors: Esmail Reham Shehab El Nemr , Kamal Amr , Shabana Marwa
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: For years, the American Joint Committee of Cancer/International Union against Cancer TNM staging system was the only accepted staging system for colorectal cancer. Different studies highlighted limitations in this staging system with the need to another staging approach that takes into consideration the individual patient immune response. Recently, the immunoscore was introduced; however, no accurate data regarding its sensitivity and specificity over the routinely used TNM staging system.
AIM: We aimed to provide definite sensitivity, septicity, and predictive values for both IS and TNM staging system in prognosis prediction, as evidence-based statistical documentation of its validity to clinical use.
METHODS: Fifty-three slides of colon cancer cases were stained for CD3 and CD8 immunohistochemical stains. The density of the stained cells was measured used an image analysis system in the core of the tumor and invasive margin. Immunoscore was calculated and results were compared with TNM in the recurrence-free survival of the patients. The sensitivity and specificity for each test were calculated.
RESULTS: High IS was correlated with a good prognosis in the studied cases. IS sensitivity reached 85.7% compared to 28.6% in TNM staging system and the specificity was 78.1% compared to 37.5% in TNM system.
CONCLUSION: IS is a promising prognostic estimation tool in colon cancer with better sensitivity and specificity than TNM staging system. The routine use of IS is now becoming a mandatory step.
The Effect of High- and Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy on Serum Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Level and Motor Ability in Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Bintang Andi Kurnia , Akbar Muhammad , Amran Muhammad Yunus , Hammado Nurussyariah
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is widely used in various neurological cases. rTMS is an effective method of restoration in patients with disability due to central nervous system disorder.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of high and low frequency of rTMS on serum brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) levels and motoric abilities in ischemic stroke patients.
METHODS: The study design was an experiment with a purposive sampling consecutive on 27 samples with the onset of ischemic stroke 6 months. The study was conducted from February to October 2018; samples were recruited from Neurology Ward of Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital and its affiliating centers. The serial of rTMS intervention was delivered in “Brain” Clinic center. After fulfilling the inclusion criteria and the initial examination of serum BDNF and motor ability, samples were randomly divided into two groups, intervention group who received standard therapy with rTMS therapy (n = 14) and the control group who only received standard therapy (n = 13). rTMS was given for 2 min frequency of 1 Hertz (Hz) contralesion and 5 Hz ipsilesion every day for 10 days. Assessment of serum BDNF levels and motor skills was conducted on days 1 and 10 of the study. Serum BDNF levels were measured by the monoclonal antibody ELISA technique while motor skills were measured based on the score of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM). Serum BDNF values and the STREAM delta score were compared between the two groups of samples.
RESULTS: The results showed significant changes only occurred in motor abilities in both groups of samples after 10 days of rTMS therapy with the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.5). The Mann–Whitney U-test showed a more significant change (p < 0.5) in the treatment group than in the control (p = 0.5).
CONCLUSION: rTMS has an effect on improving motor ability in ischemic stroke patients. This change in motor abilities is not related to serum BDNF levels in this study.
Perceived Stress among Moroccan Nurses Student: Effect of the Emotional Self-efficacy
Authors: Bandadi Lahcen , Chamkal Nadia , Belbachir Siham , Ahami Ahmed O. T.
Published: July 2020

AIM: This study examines the impact of emotional self-efficacy on perceived stress among nursing students.
METHODS: To conduct this study, two instruments were used. The first is the 10-item perceived stress scale version and the second is the emotional self-efficacy test.
RESULTS: The study shows that 59.10% of the nurses’ students have a risk perception of the situations stressful. About 19.20% have a psychopathological perception. In addition, the seven dimensions of emotional self-efficacy contribute to the perceived stress levels at 69%. However, the managing own emotions is the main contributor of the perceived stress level (β = −0.67**).
CONCLUSION: These results show the importance of the emotional self-efficacy to prevent the stress and these harmful consequences. Therefore, it is important to integrate a specific emotion management module into the nursing students basic training program. Furthermore, special interest should be given to promote the nurses’ students psychological health.
School-based Smoking Prevention in Adolescents in Developing Countries: A Literature Review
Authors: Huriah Titih , Dwi Lestari Vina
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: The incidence of diseases due to tobacco consumption has increased, especially in developing countries, where around 90% of smokers start consuming tobacco before the age of 18 years. School-based smoking prevention programs can prevent smoking among adolescents. This program is often implemented in developing countries because it is considered cost-effective, and the results are promising. At present, the school-based smoking prevention program is expanding with many methods.
AIM: This study aims to describe the various types of school-based smoking prevention interventions in developing countries.
METHODS: This research applied a literature review approach with the process of collecting data through the Science Direct, ProQuest, EBSCO, and NCBI databases. Search literature was by keyword “smoking AND prevention AND school-based AND adolescent AND randomized controlled trials or randomized controlled trials.” Inclusion criteria used for data collection were studies on school-based smoking prevention interventions, full text, and journal publishing from 2015 to 2019, using English. The research conducted in developing countries and prevention interventions was not only for smoking in the traditional way but also in the form of other than the consumption of tobacco such as cigars, smokeless tobacco, and hookah or shisha. Exclusion criteria in this review were publication articles not in the form of original publications such as letters to editors, only abstracts, and books.
RESULTS: The literature search results found 594 journals with details of 99 Science direct journals, ProQuest 385 journals, NCBI 85 journals, and 25 EBSCO journals. The entire database belongs to the inclusion criteria and only seven articles meet the requirements. The results of the analysis revealed that interventions conducted in school-based smoking prevention programs for adolescents in developing countries included the application of the anti-smoking curriculum, behavior change intervention (BCI), and peer education.
CONCLUSION: Interventions considered useful for preventing smoking in adolescents are the anti-smoking curriculum, BCI, and peer education.
Use of Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration: A Review
Authors: Reçica Bylbyl , Popovska Mirjana , Cana Amella , Bedxeti Lindita Zendeli , Tefiku Urim , Spasovski Spiro , Spasovska-Gjorgovska Ana , Kutllovci Teuta , Ahmedi Jehona F.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Management of bone periodontal defects, destruction, and loss of the alveolar bone is considered a challenge for modern periodontal regeneration and implant dentistry. Numerous of biomaterials are being used in periodontal regenerative treatment.
AIM: This study aims to know the characteristics of biomaterials and their efficiency in periodontal surgical treatment as regenerative therapy.
METHODS: A systematic review of the literature considering reviews, clinical studies, original papers, and articles from electronic data has been used.
RESULTS: Different biomaterials such as Straumann® Emdogain®, Geistlich Bio-Oss®, MIS 4MATRIX – Bone Graft, Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), Mis Bone-4MATRIX, and PRF are being used for periodontal regeneration treatment, hence revealing more effective outcomes when combined. PRP together with conventional grafting procedures may be a beneficial treatment approach, guided tissue regeneration with bioabsorbable membranes in combination with Bio-Oss are stable on a long-term basis.
CONCLUSION: Biomaterials being used in periodontal surgical treatment have the different regenerative ability. The combined use of biomaterials might result in a better clinical outcome. There are also a number of other biomaterials used to treat periodontal regeneration, but generally all have the same ability and the same molecular structure as highlighted in this literature review.
Vascular plant colonisation of Surtsey Island (1965-1990) - a dataset
Authors: Wasowicz Pawel , Thorsteinsson Sally , Magnússon Borgþór , Einarsson Eyþór , Bjarnason Valgeir , Bjarnason Ágúst , Guðmundsson Jón , Richter Sigurður , Jónasson Ragnar , Sveinbjörnsson Bjartmar , Magnússon Skúli
Published: July 2020

The process of ecosystem development over time that takes place on a new substrate devoid of biological activity (such as, for example, lava) is called primary succession. Research on primary succession is not easy, as it is limited to rare occasions when a piece of land totally lacking in any pre-existing life occurs. The emergence of volcanic islands is such an occasion; it is a unique event that allows a natural experiment in the study of colonisation processes and primary succession. Surtsey (located in the Vestmannaeyar archipelago off the southern coast of Iceland) is an iconic example of a place where primary succession has been studied for decades and where human disturbance has been minimised due to significant geographic isolation and early protection efforts. Here, we present a georeferenced dataset of vacular plant occurrences collected during the field studies carried out on Surtsey Island during the first three decades of its existence.

To date, no dataset containing plant distribution data documenting the process of early stages of colonisation of Surtsey has been published. What is more, to our knowledge, there is no other dataset that can be compared with our Surtsey data that is readily available for researchers working on plant colonisation dynamics and primary succession processes. Here, we present a complete, geo-referenced dataset of all plant occurrences (10,094 in total) collected on Surtsey between 1965 and 1990.
Nove najdbe iz starejše železne dobe iz Zagorja ob Savi in Save pri Litiji
Authors: Murko Miha , Draksler Matej
Published: July 2020

Arheološki strokovni javnosti je Zagorje ob Savi znano že več kot stoletje, odkar so konec 19. stoletja naključno odkrili grobove iz starejše železne dobe. Leta 2011 so tod potekala zaščitna arheološka izkopavanja, ki so doprinesla k poznavanju najdišča in pokazala na njegov pomen. Odkritih je bilo 9 skeletnih grobov, od katerih sta bila dva otroška, dva ženska in pet moških. Izstopata grob z bronasto pasno garnituro ter grob z dobro ohranjenim ženskim okostjem in pridanimi jantarnimi jagodami, bronastim lasnim obročkom, kačasto fibulo ter lončkom. Odkrite so bile še druge najdbe, ki kažejo, da je na istem prostoru v pozni bronasti oziroma zgodnji železni dobi obstajala naselbina.

Najdbi fibule in sulice, odkriti nad Savo pri Litiji, dodatno osvetljujeta fenomen planega skeletnega pokopa, ki se je ob koncu halštatskega obdobja uveljavil v Zasavju.
Profile of Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Paramita Dionisia Vidya , Purnami Nyilo
Published: July 2020

Background: Definition of Congenital Ruben Syndrome (CRS): a disease caused by rubella virus infection. Routine surveil- lance of CRS is part of a government pro- gram in documenting the incidence of CRS so that infants with CRS are diagnosed promptly and receive appropriate care. Objective: This study aims to repodiology Outpatient General Hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.Method: A descriptive study from CRS surveillance data for the period from January 1st until December 31rd, 2015. Data was from Infants who came to the Audiology Outpatient General Hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya and did hearing and serological examination. Results: A total of 65 infants were involved in surveillance. The highest num- ber of patients was the age group 1- <3 years (21 patients, 31.2%). A total of 36 patients (55.4%) were male, 45 babies (69.2%) were suspected of suffering from CRS with 2 infants (3.1%) classified as a laboratory-confirmed CRS. Hearing abnor- malities were found in 36 infants (55.4%). Bilateral hearing loss was found in 23 infants (35.4%) and unilateral in 13 infants (20%).Conclusions: This study shows that hearing impairment is the most common clinical symptom with most bilateral hear- ing loss. The supervision still needs to be continued to capture more CRS cases in the community and effective supervision to detect hearing impairment early.
Hyperbaric Oxygen in Animal Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Analysis of HIF-1α, ACPA and IL-17a
Authors: Harnanik Titut , Prihartono Sapta , Juliandhy Tedy
Published: July 2020

Antigen and collagen-induced arthritis (ACIA) is animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of different doses of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure in reducing inflammation on ACIA through analysis hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) and interleukine 17a (IL-17a). 24 male Balb/C mice were divided into 3 groups, 8 mice did not receive HBO exposure as a control group (G1) and 16 mice received HBO exposure as treatment group (G2 and G3). G2 was ACIA which was exposed to HBO 2.4 ATA O2 100% 90 minutes divided by 3 each 30 minutes intervals 2 times 5 minutes breathing with normal air for 10 consecutive days. G3 was ACIA which was exposed to HBO 2.4 ATA O2 100% 90 minutes divided by 3 each 30 minutes intervals 2 times 5 minutes breathing with normal air for 5 consecutive days, break 5 days, 5 consecutive days. ACPA and IL-17a were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The expression of HIF-1α was measured by immunohistochemistry technique. There was significant decrease of ACPA levels, IL-17a levels and HIF-1α expression (P < 0.05) in G2 and G3 compared to G1. There was not significant decrease of ACPA levels (P > 0.05), there was significant decrease of IL-17a levels and HIF-1α expression (P < 0.05) in G2 compared to G3. G2 was a group with a higher oxygen partial pressure than G3. HBO 2.4 ATA O2 100% 90 minutes divided by 3 each 30 minutes intervals 2 times 5 minutes breathing with normal air for 10 consecutive days more effective in reducing inflammation than exposure 5 consecutive days, break 5 days, 5 consecutive days in ACIA. HBO has therapeutic potential for the treatment of RA.
LA GESTIONE DEL CICLO DELLE ACQUE TRA STORIA, SCIENZA E LETTERATURA
Authors: Polesello Stefano
Published: July 2020

This lecture aims to present an excursus on the theme of the relationship between water and man and the management of water between history, literature and science, from the development of the first civilizations to the most recent consequences of human activities on aquatic ecosystems, showing the most recent solutions proposed for modern management of the water cycle also in light of the global change underway.
Surgery in the Time of Covid-19: Reflections on a Pandemic
Authors: Mwachiro Michael
Published: July 2020

No Abstract.
Anomalous Vascular Peritoneal Band Causing Small Bowel Obstruction in an Adult
Authors: Nyakirugumi Suzanne , Nduhiu Mathenge
Published: July 2020

Peritoneal bands resulting in small bowel obstruction in adults are rare. We present a case study of a 39-year-old male who presented with a 10-day history of signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction. The patient had no history of abdominal trauma or surgery. Intraoperatively, the small bowel obstruction was caused by a vascularized peritoneal band that had a membrane. The band formed a closed loop and caused the small bowel to herniate and lead to mechanical obstruction. In the band was an anomalous artery that connected the ileocolic artery to the descending branch of the left colic artery. The mainstay for diagnosis is an exploratory laparoscopy or laparotomy. The definitive treatment is transection of the band. This is the first reported case in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Keywords: Small bowel obstruction, Congenital bands, Peritoneal bands, Vascular bands, Inferior mesenteric artery, Superior mesenteric artery
Laser Hemorrhoidoplasty: Experience at Aga Khan University Hospital
Authors: Abdulkarim Abdallah , Misoi Brian , Gathege Daniel
Published: July 2020

Background: Hemorrhoidal disease is the commonest benign anal condition diagnosed in the outpatient setup. Interventional treatment options range widely, from office-based procedures to hemorrhoidectomy. Laser technology increasingly is in use in the field of proctology. We present our index clinical outcomes following laser haemorrhoidoplasty (LHP).

Methodology: Retrospective cross-sectional study of 21 consecutive patients who underwent LHP between 2015 and 2018 under a single surgeon. Their outcomes were compared with a group of patients who underwent the standard open hemorrhoidectomy over the same period of time.

Results: Postoperatively, 85.7% of patients post-LHP had a better pain score (mild) compared with 66.7% in the open hemorrhoidectomy group. The mean operative time in minutes was shorter for LHP, 29.67±17.50 versus 39.20±20.77 in the open group. Duration of hospital stay in days between the two groups were similar; LHP group median=1(1–3), open group median =1(1–3). Rates of infection, recurrence and urinary complications were however higher in the laser group, 4.8%, 9.5% and 9.5% respectively compared with the open hemorrhoidectomy group that were 0%, 6.7% and 6.7 % respectively. Both groups had no reported cases of stool or flatus incontinence.

Conclusion: Laser haemorrhoidoplasty is associated with reduced pain scores and shorter operative time than open hemorrhoidectomy. Duration of hospital stay was similar in both groups. The rate of complications was high in the study group.

Keywords: Laser haemorrhoidoplasty, Pain score, Complications, Open hemorrhoidectomy
Successful Esophageal Replacement Surgery in a 3-Year Old with Post-corrosive Esophageal Stricture
Authors: Kaumbulu Cleopas Mutua , Awori Mark Nelson , Patil Rohini , Rafik Ahmed Mohamed , Muturi James Ndung'u
Published: July 2020

Accidental caustic ingestion in children, though entirely preventable, continues to be present in developing countries. Gastrointestinal injuries following caustic ingestion in children range from mild to fatal. Presentation of such children to the medical facility could be early or sometimes late with complications. Management is based on the type of injury and could range from medical conservative management to complex surgical procedures. Such complex surgeries are almost unavailable in developing countries. We present a 3-year old who presented to our facility with an esophageal stricture following accidental caustic ingestion four months prior to presentation. He had a failed stricture dilatation and needed to be managed surgically; he subsequently had a good outcome, which is rare in developing countries.

Keywords: Post-corrosive esophageal stricture, Esophageal replacement surgery