bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Pro-Growth to Slow-Growth in Suburban New Jersey
Authors: Schmidt Stephan
Published: February 2008

This article examines the process by which municipalities switch strategies in response to growth pressure. Utilizing a case study approach of three New Jersey communities, this article argues that changes in local growth strategies are brought about by advocates who incorporate fiscal arguments with quality-of-life concerns and capitalize on a perceived development threat to achieve a more favorable political environment. By reframing local debate over formerly contentious issues such as open-space preservation and environmental quality, advocates are able to permanently change the local political culture. However, such action can have exclusionary consequences and act as a hindrance to the implementation of a balanced-growth approach to urban development.
Walking, Urban Design, and Health
Authors: Boarnet Marlon G. , Greenwald Michael , McMillan Tracy E.
Published: February 2008

The authors examine the magnitude of health benefits from urban design characteristics that are associated with increased walking. Using geocoded travel diary data from Portland, Oregon, regression analyses give information on the magnitude and statistical significance of the link between urban design variables and two-day walking distances. From the coefficient point estimates, the authors link to the health literature to give information on how many persons would realize health benefits, in the form of reductions in mortality risk, from walking increases associated with urban design changes. Using a cost-benefit analysis framework, they give monetized estimates of the health benefits of various urban design changes. The article closes with suggestions about how the techniques developed can be applied to other cost-benefit analyses of the health benefits of planning projects that are intended to increase walking.
Mining Negotiation Theory for Planning Insights
Authors: Shmueli Deborah F. , Kaufman Sanda , Ozawa Connie
Published: February 2008

The rational planning model based on the view of planners as expert decision makers is gradually being replaced by collaborative models that acknowledge the joint nature of planning decisions. This article addresses the benefits of recognizing that negotiation is the key vehicle for joint decision making and therefore lies at the heart of planning. It calls for applying negotiation theory and practice lessons to examine and improve the dynamics of collaborative interactions. It proposes that analytical frameworks informed by negotiation theory can improve planning decisions and enhance the odds of their implementation. To illustrate their claims, the authors revisit three key concepts from the negotiation field—interests, mutual gains, and information—and illustrate their use in planning situations with vignettes from planning practice.
Clinical Significance of Tics and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children With Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Authors: Gadow Kenneth D. , DeVincent Carla J.
Published: February 2008

The goal of this study was to examine the clinical significance of co-occurring tics and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as indicators of a more complex symptomatology in children with and without pervasive developmental disorder. Parents and teachers completed a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV -referenced rating scale for 3- to 5- ( n = 182/135) and 6- to 12- ( n = 301/191) year-old children with pervasive developmental disorder and clinic controls, respectively. The percentage of children with tic behaviors varied with age: preschoolers (25%, 44%) versus elementary schoolchildren (60%, 66%) (parent and teacher ratings, respectively). For many psychiatric symptoms, screening prevalence rates were highest for the ADHD + tics group and lowest for the group with symptoms of neither, but the pattern of group differences varied by age group and informant. In general, there were few differences between the ADHD only and tics only groups. The pattern of ADHD/tic group differences was similar for both children with and without pervasive developmental disorder. We concluded that these findings support the notion that the co-occurrence of ADHD and tics is an indicator of a more complex psychiatric symptomatology in children with pervasive developmental disorder. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:481-488).
Clinical Significance of Tics and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children With Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Authors: Gadow Kenneth D. , DeVincent Carla J.
Published: February 2008

The goal of this study was to examine the clinical significance of co-occurring tics and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as indicators of a more complex symptomatology in children with and without pervasive developmental disorder. Parents and teachers completed a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV —referenced rating scale for 3- to 5- ( n = 182/135) and 6- to 12- ( n = 301/191) year-old children with pervasive developmental disorder and clinic controls, respectively. The percentage of children with tic behaviors varied with age: preschoolers (25%, 44%) versus elementary schoolchildren (60%, 66%) (parent and teacher ratings, respectively). For many psychiatric symptoms, screening prevalence rates were highest for the ADHD + tics group and lowest for the group with symptoms of neither, but the pattern of group differences varied by age group and informant. In general, there were few differences between the ADHD only and tics only groups. The pattern of ADHD/tic group differences was similar for both children with and without pervasive developmental disorder. We concluded that these findings support the notion that the co-occurrence of ADHD and tics is an indicator of a more complex psychiatric symptomatology in children with pervasive developmental disorder. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:481—488).
Reaching Movements in Childhood Dystonia Contain Signal-Dependent Noise
Authors: Sanger Terence D. , Kaiser Jason , Placek Brian
Published: February 2008

When reaching, children with dystonia exhibit movements that are slower and more variable than normal children. We hypothesize that in dystonia there is an increase in signal-dependent noise so that there is increased variability with increasing speed. This hypothesis predicts that slower movement in children with dystonia is at least partly due to a compensatory strategy to reduce variability by decreasing speed. To test this hypothesis, we measured the speed of arm movement while children attempted to contact buttons of different sizes. We tested 23 control children and 15 children between the ages of 4 and 16 years with dystonia owing to either cerebral palsy, idiopathic dystonia not due to the DYT1 (torsin A) mutation, or other identified causes. A consistent inverse relationship between movement time and button size was seen for both the control children and the children with dystonia. The variance of movement speed increased with the average speed for all subjects. Children with dystonia moved significantly more slowly at all button sizes, and their movement speed was more sensitive to changes in button size. Therefore, part of the reduction in speed in dystonia is due to relatively greater difficulty in contacting small targets. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis of increased signal-dependent noise in children with dystonia, and we present a simple computational model that provides a possible explanation for the origin of this noise. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:489-496).
Reaching Movements in Childhood Dystonia Contain Signal-Dependent Noise
Authors: Sanger Terence D. , Kaiser Jason , Placek Brian
Published: February 2008

When reaching, children with dystonia exhibit movements that are slower and more variable than normal children. We hypothesize that in dystonia there is an increase in signal-dependent noise so that there is increased variability with increasing speed. This hypothesis predicts that slower movement in children with dystonia is at least partly due to a compensatory strategy to reduce variability by decreasing speed. To test this hypothesis, we measured the speed of arm movement while children attempted to contact buttons of different sizes. We tested 23 control children and 15 children between the ages of 4 and 16 years with dystonia owing to either cerebral palsy, idiopathic dystonia not due to the DYT1 (torsin A) mutation, or other identified causes. A consistent inverse relationship between movement time and button size was seen for both the control children and the children with dystonia. The variance of movement speed increased with the average speed for all subjects. Children with dystonia moved significantly more slowly at all button sizes, and their movement speed was more sensitive to changes in button size. Therefore, part of the reduction in speed in dystonia is due to relatively greater difficulty in contacting small targets. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis of increased signal-dependent noise in children with dystonia, and we present a simple computational model that provides a possible explanation for the origin of this noise. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:489—496).
Methylphenidate in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Experience from a Sri Lankan Tertiary Children's Hospital
Authors: Himani Kariyawasam Sandhya , Perera Hemamali , Koralagama Anusha , Jayawardane Pradeepa
Published: February 2008

The response to methylphenidate was assessed in children diagnosed as having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in 2000 at the Lady Ridgeway Tertiary Hospital for Children in Sri Lanka. They were managed in outpatient child psychiatry clinics. ADHD was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV). The severity of the symptoms was determined with a validated Sinhala assessment form based on DSM-IV criteria. The data on problems experienced by the diagnosed children and their families were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The severity of the symptoms and problems experienced by the children and their families were reassessed at 6 weeks and 6 months of methylphenidate therapy. Thirty-seven new subjects were diagnosed as having ADHD in 2000, and 36 of them were treated with methylphenidate. The severity of the symptoms and the number of subjects receiving frequent complaints from school were significantly lower 6 weeks after methylphenidate treatment. At 6 months of treatment, the severity of the symptoms was not significantly reduced when compared with the severity assessed 6 weeks after treatment. Methylphenidate did help with school-related problems in the short term, but the long-term effects of methylphenidate were not convincing in this group of subjects and showed poor long-term compliance, probably owing to inadequate improvement seen in symptoms. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:496-499).
Methylphenidate in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Experience from a Sri Lankan Tertiary Children's Hospital
Authors: Kariyawasam Sandhya Himani , Perera Hemamali , Koralagama Anusha , Jayawardane Pradeepa
Published: February 2008

The response to methylphenidate was assessed in children diagnosed as having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in 2000 at the Lady Ridgeway Tertiary Hospital for Children in Sri Lanka. They were managed in outpatient child psychiatry clinics. ADHD was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV). The severity of the symptoms was determined with a validated Sinhala assessment form based on DSM-IV criteria. The data on problems experienced by the diagnosed children and their families were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The severity of the symptoms and problems experienced by the children and their families were reassessed at 6 weeks and 6 months of methylphenidate therapy. Thirty-seven new subjects were diagnosed as having ADHD in 2000, and 36 of them were treated with methylphenidate. The severity of the symptoms and the number of subjects receiving frequent complaints from school were significantly lower 6 weeks after methylphenidate treatment. At 6 months of treatment, the severity of the symptoms was not significantly reduced when compared with the severity assessed 6 weeks after treatment. Methylphenidate did help with school-related problems in the short term, but the long-term effects of methylphenidate were not convincing in this group of subjects and showed poor long-term compliance, probably owing to inadequate improvement seen in symptoms. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:496—499).
Neurologic, Neuropsychologic, and Electroencephalographic Findings After European Tick-borne Encephalitis in Children
Authors: Schmolck Heike , Maritz Elke , Kletzin Isabel , Korinthenberg Rudolf
Published: February 2008

Tick-borne European early summer meningoencephalitis is believed to be a benign disease in childhood. The causative RNA virus is from the same family as the West Nile virus, and the respective clinical presentations have many similarities. We studied 19 German children who had suffered from tick-borne encephalitis virus meningitis or meningoencephalitis in an endemic area and compared them with 19 matched controls. Epidemiologic data were consistent with known features of tick-borne encephalitis infection in southern Germany. None of the children studied had severe neurologic or neuropsychologic sequelae. One child developed significant clinical depression shortly after the illness. Electroencephalograms (EEGS) from children with tickborne encephalitis were significantly slower on follow-up than control EEGs. After tickbome encephalitis, children had a higher likelihood of having an impairment of attention and psychomotor speed. Using the Touwen neurologic examination, after tick-borne encephalitis, children had lower scores than control children on 4 of the 10 subsystems. Owing to the small sample size, it was difficult to identify risk factors for and predictors of adverse outcomes. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:500-508).
Genetic Risk Factors Associated With Thrombosis in Children With Congenital Neurologic Disorders
Authors: Tzoufi Meropi , Giotopoulou Stella , Papadimitriou Photeini , Dokou Eleni , Kolaitis Nikolaos I. , Siamopoulou Antigoni , Vartholomatos George
Published: February 2008

Thromboembolic events during the perinatal period are responsible for irreversible brain damage owing to cerebral hypoxia and neuronal necrosis. We investigated the presence of thrombophilia risk factors in children with congenital neurologic disorders. Nineteen children (9 males and 10 females), aged 1 to 14 years (median 4.5 years), who had presented with symptoms and signs of congenital neurologic disorders were studied. Thirty-five age-matched healthy children recruited from the same geographic area served as controls. Three patients of 19 (15.8%) were carrying the factor V Leiden mutation compared with 2 children among the controls (5.7%). One patient was heterozygous for the prothrombin G20210A variant (5.2%) compared with one child who was heterozygous among the controls. Three patients were homozygous (15.8%) and 11 were heterozygous (57.9%) for the C677T 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation compared with 4 (11.5%) and 18 (51.4%), respectively, among the controls. Three patients of 19 (15.8%) were carrying more than one mutation. We found 18 mutations in 79% (15/19) of the patients and 25 mutations in 69% (24/35) of the healthy children. Among the individuals carrying the homozygous 677TT 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype, we found 7 mutations in 32% (6/19) of the patients and 7 mutations in 20% (7/35) of the healthy children (P > .05). In one patient, lupus anticoagulant and antiphospholipid antibodies of IgG isotype were detected. Reduced activities of protein C, protein S, or antithrombin III were not observed in either the patient or the control group. Although, among our cases, we found some well-known risk factors associated with thrombosis in adults, the pathogenesis of these clinical entities remains obscure. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:509-512).
Genetic Risk Factors Associated With Thrombosis in Children With Congenital Neurologic Disorders
Authors: Tzoufi Meropi , Giotopoulou Stella , Papadimitriou Photeini , Dokou Eleni , Kolaitis Nikolaos I. , Siamopoulou Antigoni , Vartholomatos George
Published: February 2008

Thromboembolic events during the perinatal period are responsible for irreversible brain damage owing to cerebral hypoxia and neuronal necrosis. We investigated the presence of thrombophilia risk factors in children with congenital neurologic disorders. Nineteen children (9 males and 10 females), aged 1 to 14 years (median 4.5 years), who had presented with symptoms and signs of congenital neurologic disorders were studied. Thirty-five age-matched healthy children recruited from the same geographic area served as controls. Three patients of 19 (15.8%) were carrying the factor V Leiden mutation compared with 2 children among the controls (5.7%). One patient was heterozygous for the prothrombin G20210A variant (5.2%) compared with one child who was heterozygous among the controls. Three patients were homozygous (15.8%) and 11 were heterozygous (57.9%) for the C677T 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation compared with 4 (11.5%) and 18 (51.4%), respectively, among the controls. Three patients of 19 (15.8%) were carrying more than one mutation. We found 18 mutations in 79% (15/19) of the patients and 25 mutations in 69% (24/35) of the healthy children. Among the individuals carrying the homozygous 677TT 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype, we found 7 mutations in 32% (6/19) of the patients and 7 mutations in 20% (7/35) of the healthy children ( P > .05). In one patient, lupus anticoagulant and antiphospholipid antibodies of IgG isotype were detected. Reduced activities of protein C, protein S, or antithrombin III were not observed in either the patient or the control group. Although, among our cases, we found some well-known risk factors associated with thrombosis in adults, the pathogenesis of these clinical entities remains obscure. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:509—512).
Early Alteration in Bone Metabolism in Epileptic Children Receiving Carbamazepine Monotherapy Owing to the Induction of Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes
Authors: Voudris Konstantinos A. , Attilakos Achilleas , Katsarou Eustathia , Garoufi Anastasia , Dimou Stamatia , Skardoutsou Angeliki , Mastroyianni Sotiria
Published: February 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate, by a prospective, self-controlled method, whether early treatment with carbamazepine monotherapy can alter bone metabolism in ambulatory epileptic children with adequate sun exposure, based on the determination of total serum alkaline phosphatase and its bone isoenzyme activities. Serum total alkaline phosphatase and its bone, liver, and intestinal isoenzyme activities were evaluated in 22 epileptic ambulatory children (13 males and 9 females, aged from 5 to 12 years) before and at 3, 6, and 12 months of carbamazepine monotherapy. Serum concentrations of other biochemical markers of bone and liver metabolism, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, γ-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, were also measured in the study participants before and at 6 and 12 months of treatment. Carbamazepine was prescribed at normal dosages (16.4-20 mg/kg/day). Serum total alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly increased at 3 ( P = .000), 6 ( P = .024), and 12 ( P = .037) months of treatment; serum bone alkaline phosphatase activities at 3 ( P = .000), 6 ( P = .008), and 12 ( P = .017) months of treatment; and serum liver alkaline phosphatase activities at 3 ( P = .000), 6 ( P = .049), and 12 ( P = .008) months of treatment, whereas serum intestinal alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activity was significantly increased only at 3 months of treatment ( P = .035). Serum γ-glutamyltransferase activities were also significantly increased at 6 ( P = .000) and 12 ( P = .000) months of treatment. No significant changes in the concentrations of serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase were noted at 6 and 12 months of treatment. There was a significant correlation between serum γ-glutamyltransferase activities and serum total alkaline phosphatase activities ( r = .689, P = .000 at 6 months; r = .493, P = .020 at 12 months), bone alkaline phosphatase activities ( r = .700, P = .000 at 6 months; r = .466, P = .029 at 12 months), and liver alkaline phosphatase activities ( r = .427, P = .047 at 6 months; r = .425, P = .048 at 12 months). These findings indicate that ambulatory children who receive carbamazepine monotherapy, even when residing in a country with adequate sunlight, can have their bone metabolism altered early in the course of treatment, as indicated by the elevated activities of serum bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. This early alteration in bone metabolism is probably due to the hepatic enzyme-inducing character of carbamazepine. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:513-516).
Proton Spectroscopic Findings in Children With Epilepsy Owing to Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Yapici Zuhal , Dincer Alp , Eraksoy Mefkure
Published: February 2008

Tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant disorder that often causes refractory seizures. The presence of multiple lesions makes it difficult to identify a single lesion responsible for the epilepsy. Our purpose is to assess the single-voxel proton spectroscopic findings of the tubers in 11 children with tuberous sclerosis complex. Prior to age 4 years, all of the patients had presented with epileptic seizures and multiple bilateral tubers in magnetic resonance images. Single-voxel proton spectroscopy was performed from the tubers especially showing epileptogenic activity using both the long and short echo time and in 14 controls. The results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Compared with the control group, the spectroscopic findings of tubers were characterized by decreased N-acetylaspartate to creatine ratios (1.43 ± 0.33; P < .001) in both the long and short echo time spectra, increased choline to creatine ratios (0.91 ± 0.082; P < .05), and myo-inositol to creatine ratios (0.97 ± 0.19; P < .01) in the short echo time spectra. A lactate peak was detected in the regions corresponding to an epileptic focus on electroencephalography in six patients. Single-voxel proton spectroscopy could be a useful noninvasive method to evaluate epileptogenic tubers. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:517—522).
Familial Cognitive Impairment With Ataxia With Oculomotor Apraxia
Authors: Mahajnah Muhammad , Basel-Vanagaite Lina , Inbar Dov , Kornreich Liora , Weitz Raphael , Straussberg Rachel
Published: February 2008

Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia is an autosomal recessive inherited disease characterized by childhood onset of progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, and progressive motor peripheral neuropathy. The mean age at onset is approximately 4.7 years, with oculomotor apraxia appearing a few years later. Diagnosis is based on molecular genetic analysis for mutations of the aprataxin ( APTX) gene (chromosome 9p13.1; ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 1). Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2 is caused by an unknown gene mutation at locus 9q34. We describe two siblings, born to consanguineous parents, who had clinical features of cerebellar ataxia, tremor, dysarthria, oculomotor apraxia, and motor peripheral neuropathy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed cerebellar atrophy and mild brainstem atrophy. Electromyography showed signs of axonal neuropathy. The molecular genetic analysis demonstrated the APTX mutation W279X at locus 9p13.3 (ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 1 disease), and psychologic studies showed mild cognitive impairment. We suggest that mentation can be compromised in ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 1. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:523—525).
Not a New Leukodystrophy but Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Tatli Burak , Ozmen Meral , Aydinli Nur , Caliskan Mine , Wertheim-van Dillen Pauline M. , van der Knaap Marjo S.
Published: February 2008

We report a 16-month-old girl who presented with global developmental delay and hearing loss. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a pattern that could be interpreted as a “new leukoencephalopathy.” Etiologic investigations revealed a positive polymerase chain reaction for cytomegalovirus DNA using her stored Guthrie card, indicating a congenital cytomegalovirus infection. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:525—527).
Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy in Caucasian Children: Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kirton Adam , Busche Kevin , Ross Catherine , Wirrell Elaine
Published: February 2008

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy is a fulminant neurologic disease seen predominantly in Japan and Taiwan. We present two cases diagnosed at a Canadian center within the same year in Caucasian children. Both were previously well, developed an acute viral illness with fever and vomiting, and progressed to brain death within 2 to 4 days. Neuroimaging and postmortem examination demonstrated the unique features of bilateral and severe necrosis of deep gray-and subcortical white-matter structures. The first case was associated with extensive, but transient, hepatic involvement, recent varicella and rotavirus infections, and detailed metabolic studies, including mitochondrial functional analysis, were normal. The second case tested positive for influenza A infection, whereas evidence of liver damage was lacking. Both children demonstrated early lymphopenia and myocardial necrosis, two features not previously associated with acute necrotizing encephalopathy. These cases are unique in their occurrence in non-Japanese children and are among the first published reports in Canada. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:527—532).
Two Cases of Glycine Encephalopathy Accompanied by Pes Equinovarus
Authors: Zenciroğlu Ayşegul , Demirel Nihal , Bas Ahmet Yagmur , Aydemir Cumhur , Agğldere Muhtesem , Kalkanoğlu Serap , Coskun Turgay
Published: February 2008

Glycine encephalopathy is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disease characterized by glycine accumulation in body fluids owing to a defect in the glycine cleavage system. There are several forms of glycine encephalopathy. In the classic or neonatal form, symptoms usually develop as neurologic symptoms in the first few days of life. It characteristically presents with hypotonia, lethargy, apnea, and seizures and usually results in death by 1 year of age. Inthisreport,wepresenttwocasesofneonatalglycine encephalopathy accompanied by isolated pes equinovarus deformity. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:533—535).
A Managed Care Model for Latino Adults With Chronic Illness and Disability
Authors: Bachman Sara S. , Tobias Carol , Master Robert J. , Scavron Jeffrey , Tierney Katherine
Published: February 2008

The authors evaluated a managed care model developed for use by community-based providers to improve health care outcomes for low-income Latinos with disabilities and chronic illnesses. Through this model, Medicaid enrollees with special health care needs were identified and received enhanced primary care, on-site mental health and addiction services, care coordination, and support services based on their levels of need. The goal of the demonstration was to determine whether capitation would be a catalyst to transform typical primary care delivery processes to provide enhanced, culturally competent care to patients with complex health care and psychosocial needs. Despite a significant investment in outpatient services, the intervention was cost effective due to a dramatic decline in inpatient care for a few enrollees. For most enrollees, care was slightly more expensive due to enhanced outpatient medical and mental health care. Enrollees expressed high satisfaction with the intervention.
Early Autism Detection
Authors: Crane Jennifer L. , Winsler Adam
Published: February 2008

Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) present numerous challenges for early diagnosis and intervention. Recent research has concentrated on identifying symptoms of ASD in infants and toddlers. This article examines the feasibility of detecting ASD in infants and toddlers using early behaviors related to ASD and the impact that recent government policy changes and professional guidelines for family practitioners and pediatricians have had on early screening for young children with ASD. Empirical evidence from retrospective video analysis implies that ASD may be detected in infants and toddlers. Recent policy changes and guidelines for pediatricians and other practitioners recommend more intense efforts be made for developmental surveillance and referrals, but the impact of these policies on practice and on the lives of children with ASD and their families has been limited. Policy recommendations are made.
GCCs and Development: A Conceptual and Empirical Review
Authors: Peters Enrique Dussel
Published: February 2008

As a framework for analyzing the organization of the global economy and its implications for local development, the GCC approach is of significant theoretical and empirical relevance to GCC as a methodology. Thus far, it has had an important effect in interdisciplinary studies and has enriched substantially policy discussions about competitiveness in global chains and local upgrading. However, I argue that the GCC literature would benefit from a dialogue with other approaches to development, including schools such as dependency theory. My critique of the GCC literature is developed through an analysis of the yarn–textile–garment GCC in Mexico, which underscores its lack of territorial endogeneity, since Mexico's participation in this chain remains concentrated in processes of temporary imports to be exported. In spite of Mexico's success in the post-NAFTA period, since 2000 Asian, especially Chinese, products have massively displaced its exports of apparel to the US market.
Giant Transnational Contractors in East Asia: Emergent Trends in Global Supply Chains
Authors: Appelbaum Richard P.
Published: February 2008

There is growing evidence that consolidation in consumer goods industries, with increasingly integrated production and distribution systems between large retailers and contractors, may be increasing the degree of vertical integration in global supply chains. While the growing size and power of large retailers is well recognized, little attention has been paid to a related phenomenon: the growth of giant contractors, based in East Asia, that are producing much of the world's consumer goods. This paper argues that the growth of large contractors may partially address the power asymmetry between ‘big buyers’ and their suppliers, as well as provide an avenue for the latter to move up into higher value-added activities. The emergence of giant factories may also favor labor militancy, both because of the opportunities they afford for coordinated actions among workers, and because work actions can be more disruptive of global supply chains.
The road to cure in multiple myeloma
Authors: Ghobrial Irene M. , Anderson Kenneth C.
Published: February 2008

For the past several decades, multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematologic malignancy, has been considered a fatal disease with a median survival of 5 years. However, recent advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of MM have led to new treatment strategies.
Who's dancing with FLT3?
Authors: Levis Mark
Published: February 2008

FLT3 mutations may influence prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the context in which they occur may be just as important.
Mitochondria push platelets past their prime
Authors: Bozza Fernando A. , Weyrich Andrew S.
Published: February 2008

In the February 1 issue of Blood, Jobe and colleagues elucidated the function of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), in platelet activation and demonstrated that cyclophilin D (CypD), a regulator of MPTP formation, is a critical factor in the procoagulant response to strong agonists.
Imatinib and the neoplastic bone microenvironment
Authors: Mathew Paul
Published: February 2008

The effects of aging, medical comorbidity, and systemic therapeutics interplay with the varied and distinctive capacities of neoplasms to usurp the physiological machinery regulating bone structure and function, thus determining skeletal morbidity and related mortality. In this issue of Blood, Fitter and colleagues report frequent increases in trabecular bone volume—a 2-fold increase over baseline in nearly half of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)—treated with the multi–tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, imatinib mesylate. Although the clinical significance of this anabolic and/or anticatabolic effect remains to be determined, these mechanistic studies offer a plausible explanation for the outcome.
First Example of Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed Synthesis of Quinoxalines from α-Diazoketones and Aryl 1,2-Diamines
Authors: Yadav J S , Subba Reddy B V , Gopala Rao Y , Narsaiah A V
Published: February 2008

α-Diazoketones undergo smooth coupling with aryl 1,2-diamines in the presence of 10 mol % of copper(II) triflate to provide the corresponding 2-alkyl- or 2-aryl-quinoxalines in excellent yields with high selectivity. Rh2(OAc)4 is also found to be an equally effective catalyst for this transformation. It is a new and alternative approach for the preparation of biologically well-defined quinoxaline derivatives.
Naphthyridine-tethered Oligodeoxyribonucleotides: Dye/DNA Conjugates for Homogeneous SNPs Assays
Authors: Kobori Akio , Mori Takashi , Ubayashi Makoto , Murakami Akira
Published: February 2008

We here report the synthesis and fluorescence properties of naphthyridine-tethered oligodeoxyribonucleotides for discrimination of cytosine-related single nucleotide alterations in DNA. A/C alleles of cytochrome P450 variants (CYP2C19) were successfully discriminated simply by adding baeDANP-ODN under slightly basic conditions.
Unexpected Phase Behaviors of Poly(fumarate)s Carrying Tolane-based Mesogenic Side Chains
Authors: Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Noguchi Hiroshi , Fujii Nozomu , Tokita Masatoshi , Watanabe Junji , Shigehara Kiyotaka
Published: February 2008

Poly(fumarate)s carrying tolane-based mesogenic side chains were for the first time prepared by radical polymerization. The phase behaviors characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the liquid crystalline temperature ranges clearly decreased upon polymerization. This very rare behavior could be derived from the delicate balance between the mesogen structure and the rigid polyfumarate backbone.
A review of ICT systems for HIV/AIDS and anti-retroviral treatment management in South Africa
Authors: Sørensen Tove , Rivett Ulrike , Fortuin Jill
Published: February 2008

Summary

Telemedicine and e-health systems have been proposed as a support tool, to monitor and evaluate HIV/AIDS management strategies. The aim of the present study was to provide an overview of telemedicine and e-health systems for HIV/AIDS in South Africa as a basis for developing an e-health toolkit for anti-retroviral treatment (ART). An initial literature review and a subsequent interactive networking approach were chosen to identify telemedicine and e-health systems, projects and services for HIV/AIDS and ART facilities in low-resource settings and under-served areas. The literature review produced little useful information. In contrast, the face-to-face interviews and the focus group discussions provided useful information about projects and systems which had not been published. The meetings involved 1–5 people per session, about 30 people in total. The review showed that there were some plans for telemedicine and e-health implementation in South Africa. However, there was no all-inclusive ICT-based system in place for AIDS treatment there. With the exception of the major health information systems and electronic patient record systems, none of the telemedicine and e-health systems identified in the review were ready to be deployed across the country as a whole.
The TeleGuard trial of additional telemedicine care in CAD patients. 2 Morbidity and mortality after 12 months
Authors: Waldmann Annika , Katalinic Alexander , Schwaab Bernhard , Richardt Gert , Sheikhzadeh Abdolhamid , Raspe Heiner
Published: February 2008

Summary

In the TeleGuard trial, 1500 patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) were recruited and randomized to control or intervention groups. Patients in the intervention group were equipped with a 12-lead event recorder and could contact a call centre and transmit an ECG whenever they wished. In a 12-month study, the composite endpoint (all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, re-hospitalization or re-vascularization) was seen in 40% of the intervention patients and in 38% of the control patients. In both groups, approximately 40% were re-hospitalized. In total, 73 patients experienced re-vascularization, 75 showed an infarction and 33 died. Equipping CAD patients with a 12-lead ECG device and providing a telemedicine centre with 24-hour availability did not decrease risk for the composite endpoint (re-hospitalization, re-vascularization, (subsequent) myocardial infarction and/or death). It is likely that the clinical pathway used in the telemedicine centre led to an increased hospital admission rate in the intervention group.
Automated telephone reminder messages can assist electronic diabetes care
Authors: Mollon Brent , Holbrook Anne M , Keshavjee Karim , Troyan Sue , Gaebel Kathryn , Thabane Lehana , Perera Gihan
Published: February 2008

Summary

Telephone reminder systems have been used to assist in the treatment of many chronic diseases. However, it is unclear if these systems can increase medication and appointment adherence in patients with diabetes without direct patient–provider telephone contact. We tested the feasibility of using an automated telephone reminder system (ATRS) to deliver reminder messages to 253 adults with diabetes enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Eighty-four percent of the patients were able to register using voice recognition and at least one reminder was delivered to 95% of registered patients over a period of 7.5 months. None of the demographic features studied predicted a patient's ability to enrol or to receive reminder calls. At the end of the study, 63% of patients indicated that they wished to continue to receive ATRS calls. The level of system use as determined by the number of received reminder calls was not associated with a change in the number of physician visits or diabetes-related laboratory tests during follow-up. The clinical benefits and sustainability of ATRS remain unproven, but our results indicate that an automated reminder system can be effective for providing messages to a large group of older patients with diabetes.
Film Reviews
Authors: O'Brien Daniel , Siu Carmen
Published: February 2008

The Brink
(2007) United Kingdom Director Patrick Astwood Screenplay Patrick Astwood Producer Patrick Astwood Director of Photography James Briggs Production Designer Zendrun Composer Lee Miller With Helen Millar (Natasha),
Matthew Flacks (John), Mike Garnell (Tony), Jordan Pitt (Edge), Jennie Fox (Kelly) Runtime 80 minutes

La Morte Rouge (Soliloquio)
(2006) Spain Director Vctor Erice Screenplay Vctor Erice Producer Masaichi Nagata Director of Photography Valentn
lvarez Editor Juan Pedro Dez Sound Ivn Marn With Vctor Erice (narrator) Runtime 32 minutes
Festivals
Authors: Caputo Davide , Kramer Gary M , Lumholdt Jan , Prout Ryan , Yates Steven , Lumholdt Jan
Published: February 2008

Zurich Film Festival, 27 September7 October 2007 A report by Davide Caputo

Telluride Film Festival, 30 August3 September 2007 A report by Gary M. Kramer

2660 minutes in 11 days
Jan Lumholdt reports from a most epic Venice festival of plenty of variation,
quality and a couple of pure gems

Iris Prize Festival, Cardiff 46 October 2007 A report by Ryan Prout

Stories from the movie mountain: the Motovun International Film Festival, 2327 July 2007 A report by Steven Yates

San Sebastin 2007 Jan Lumholdt muses, rather
than reports, on a fairly typical day during a San Sebastin film festival (Warning: further reading might make you come over all peckish)
Sei epistole mutuae inedite di Procopio di Gaza ed il retore Megezio
Authors: Amato Eugenio
Published: February 2008

L'attento esame della tradizione manoscritta delle epistole di Procopio di Gaza ha permesso al suo ultimo editore (A. Garzya) di pubblicare un corpus di 166 lettere, basato su una recensio molto più ampia rispetto a quella dei suoi predecessori e soprattutto più completo per le nuove lettere, venute alla luce nel corso dei secoli.
Una lettura del θρηνοσ εισ τα παθη και την σταυρωσιν του κυριου και θεου και σωτηροσ ημων Ιησου Χριστου del Cretese Marinos Falieros
Authors: Carpinato Caterina
Published: February 2008

Wim Bakker e Arnold van Gemert hanno recentemente licenziato per la stampa l'edizione critica del Θϱηνος εἰς τὰ Πάθη ϰαὶ τὴν Σταύϱωσιν του Кυϱίου ϰαὶ Θεου ϰαὶ Σωτηϱος ἡμων Ἰησου Хϱιστου, poema drammatico unico nel suo genere, in versi decapentasillabi (in gran parte rimati). L'opera è anche l'unica, tra quelle composte dal poeta cretese Marinos Falieros (1395?–1474) e pervenute fino a noi (complessivamente cinque), ad aver avuto l'onore di esser sottoposta ai torchi dei tipografi veneziani nel Cinquecento. Almeno fino ad oggi non è stato reperito in nessuna biblioteca alcun esemplare di questa cinquecentina. Si è salvato solo un apografo, Tubing. Mb 27, f. 171–184, datato 22 gennaio 1585 e copiato per Martinus Crusius dall'allievo Daniel Schuhmaier. Il componimento di Falieros è arrivato quindi fino a noi solo per un caso fortunato, tramite una sola fonte indiretta, una copia manoscritta di un'unica edizione a stampa (1543/44).
John Lydus and the eastern Praetorian prefecture in the Sixth Century AD
Authors: Kelly Christopher
Published: February 2008

§ 1 On the Magistracies of the Roman State

Sometime in the mid sixth century, John Lydus (“the Lydian”), then a professor of Latin at the State University of Constantinople, decided to write his autobiography. John had led an eventful life (at least in his own re-telling). He was born around 490 in Philadelphia, the chief city of the province of Lydia on the western coast of Asia Minor. In 511, after an expensive education, which included learning Latin, he left his home town for the imperial capital. Arriving in Constantinople, John had high hopes of a successful career. He aimed to secure a post in one of the imperial secretariats (sacra scrinia) whose highly privileged staff, working within the palace, dealt with administrative and judicial matters directly involving the emperor himself (3.26).
Synagoge. Συναγωγὴ λέξεων χϱησίμων. Edited by Ian C. CUNNINGHAM. Sammlung griechischer und lateinischer Grammatiker (SGLG), 10
Authors: Thiel Helmut van
Published: February 2008

Die Synagoge ist das dritte der fünf großen byzantinischen Lexika: Kyrill, Hesych, Synagoge, Photios, Suda. Im Kyrill-Lexikon war erstmals der Wortschatz der heidnischen, hellenistischjüdischen und frühen christlichen griechischen Literatur gesammelt. Es ist in Hesych nachträglich eingearbeitet; etwa ein Drittel des „Hesych“ stammt aus „Kyrill“. Kyrill ist in der Synagoge exzerpiert; etwa 80 Prozent ihrer Glossen lassen sich auf ihn zurückführen, und sie kann durchaus als Kyrill-Rezension angesehen werden, wie es in einer ihrer Handschriften geschieht (vgl. p. 19, 49). Die Synagoge ist nahezu vollständig in Photios und Suda eingearbeitet, und zwar nach der zweiten ihrer beiden überlieferten Rezensionen.
Stylianos LAMPAKES, Γεώϱγιος Παχυμέϱης, πϱωτέϰδιϰος ϰαὶ διϰαιοφύλαξ. Εἰσαγωγιϰό δοϰίμιο. Μονογϱαφίες, 5. Αθήνα, Εθνιϰό Ίδϱυμα Εϱευνών, Ινστιτούτο Βυζαντινών Εϱευνών 2004
Authors: Polemis Ioannis D.
Published: February 2008

According to LAMPAKIS (L.), the main purpose of this book is to offer a detailed biography of Georgios Pachymeres as well as an assessment of his works (p. 9). Unfortunately, it falls far short of achieving either of these objectives. First, the choice of wording – “Introductory essay” – in the title is somewhat infelicitous. The meaning of “essay” in modern Greek is vague, to say the least, and few would apply this term to a book which, in essence, is an unnecessarily long compilation of the known facts about Pachymeres' life and works. Only an attempt by the author to interpret the thought of Pachymeres or to place his work in the broader historical context of his times would have convincingly justified the term “essay” for this particular monograph.
Anastasia OIKONOMOU-LANIADO, Argos Paléochrétienne : Contribution à l'étude du Péloponnèse Byzantin. BAR International Series, 1173
Authors: Petridis Platon
Published: February 2008

Ce livre constitue une étude de la topographie de la ville d'Argos à l'époque protobyzantine (IVe–VIIe siècles). Il s'agit en effet d'une mise au point de l'état des recherches archéologiques, essentiellement des fouilles de sauvetage, menées par le Service Archéologique grec dont l'auteur fut épimélète responsable du département d'Argos pendant de longues années et jusqu'à sa mort précoce en 1998.
Filippo RONCONI, La traslitterazione dei testi greci. Quaderni della Rivista di Bizantinistica, 7
Authors: Schreiner Peter
Published: February 2008

Zu den kulturgeschichtlich interessantesten und textgeschichtlich gefährlichsten gehören Veränderungen im System des Datenträgers, um einen ganz modernen Ausdruck zu verwenden. Die Geschichte der europäischen Literatur hat mehrere Perioden aufzuweisen, in denen sich grundlegende Änderungen dieser Art vollziehen: der Übergang von der Rolle zum Buch-Codex im 4. Jahrhundert, bei der sich der materielle Träger, aber nicht (unmittelbar) die Schriftform ändert, die Umschrift von der Majuskel in die Minuskel (bei unterschiedlichen Ausgangspunkten in Byzanz und im Westen im 9. und den folgenden Jahrhunderten), wobei der Codex als Träger unverändert blieb, die Einführung des Buchdrucks und schließlich die elektronische Speicherung von Texten und ihre beliebige Weiterverarbeitung, deren Bedeutung und Folgen erst spätere Generationen beurteilen und einschätzen können.
Christine STRUBE, Baudekoration im Nordsyrischen Kalksteinmassiv. Bd. II: Das 6. und frühe 7. Jahrhundert. Damaszener Forschungen, 11
Authors: Arbeiter Achim
Published: February 2008

Kaum ein Arbeitsgebiet der frühchristlichen und der byzantinischen Kunstgeschichte hat in moderner Zeit an einer so großen Differenz zwischen Erkenntnispotential und tatsächlicher Erkundung gekrankt wie die Denkmälerlandschaft im Nordsyrischen Kalksteinmassiv: Die dort erhaltenen spätantiken Siedlungen und Sakralbauten sind in ihrer instruktiven Präsenz einzigartig und müßten demnach von ganzen Heerscharen engagierter Feldforscher studiert werden, doch sind es in Wirklichkeit unsäglich wenige, die sich jenen Denkmälern zuwenden. Wer das sehr überschaubare Schrifttum, beginnend mit Melchior DE VOGÜÉ (1865/77) über die amerikanischen Expeditionsergebnisse des angebrochenen 20. Jh.s bis hin zur Gegenwart studiert und auch selbst jene Stätten aufsucht, dem wird obendrein rasch klar, wie erbarmungslos die Zerstörung der für die ganze Menschheit unersetzlichen Monumente fortgeschritten ist und fortschreitet. Um ein Vielfaches müßten die Schutzmaßnahmen und die wissenschaftlichen Aktivitäten an diesem einzigartigen Erbe gesteigert werden. Vorbildlich sind da die Bemühungen von Christine Strube (S.), deren neuestes einschlägiges Buch hier zu kommentieren ist.