bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Chloride in Ethanol—Water: Highly Efficient Catalytic System for the Synthesis of Garcia Gonzalez Polyhydroxyalkyl‐ and C‐Glycosylfurans.
Authors: Nagarapu Lingaiah , Chary Mahankhali Venu , Satyender Apuri , Supriya B. , Bantu Rajashaker
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mersiphyllines A and B from Kopsia. Determination of Relative Configuration at a Quaternary Center via Formation of an Alkaloid—Borane Complex.
Authors: Low Yun‐Yee , Subramaniam G. , Lim Kuan‐Hon , Wong Richard C. S. , Robinson Ward T. , Kam Toh‐Seok
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Hydrolyzable Tannins, Carpinerins A and B, from Galls of Carpinus tschonoskii.
Authors: Ono Takako , Shigemori Hideyuki
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydrochalcone Designed from Methylophiopogonanone B Strongly Inhibits Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor (HIF)‐1α Activity.
Authors: Fujii Mikio , Egawa Kiyoshi , Hirai Yasuaki , Kondo Masato , Fujii Kotaro , Uekusa Hidehiro , Akita Hiroyuki , Nose Kiyoshi , Toriizuka Kazuo , Ida Yoshiteru
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Nanocracks on the Magnetic and Electrical Properties of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 Single Crystals
Authors: Dominiczak Maguy , Ruyter Antoine , Limelette Patrice , Monot‐Laffez Isabelle , Giovannelli Fabien , Rossell Marta D. , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of Interfaces and Multilayers Based on Thin Antiferromagnetic Oxide Films
Authors: Finazzi Marco , Duo Lamberto , Ciccacci Franco
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural and Synthetic 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones and Their Versatility in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Goel Atul , Ram Vishnu J.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Decatungstate as an Efficient Photocatalyst in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Tzirakis Manolis D. , Lykakis Ioannis N. , Orfanopoulos Michael
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer Thin Films Embedded with in situ Grown Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Ramesh G. V. , Porel S. , Radhakrishnan T. P.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Botcinolides and Botcinins; Determination of the Structure of Natural Products Isolated from Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Fukui Hiroki , Shiina Isamu
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Phenol Synthesis from Benzene and Oxygen on Supported Rhenium Catalysts
Authors: Tada Mizuki , Iwasawa Yasuhiro
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selectively Functionalized Cyclodextrins and Their Metal Complexes
Authors: Bellia Francesco , La Mendola Diego , Pedone Carlo , Rizzarelli Enrico , Saviano Michele , Vecchio Graziella
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated Arenes and Hetarenes Based on One‐Pot Cyclizations of 1,3‐Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes
Authors: Langer Peter
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric and Fused Heterocycles Based on [2.2]Paracyclophane
Authors: Aly Ashraf A. , Brown Alan B.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycomics and the Sugar Code
Authors: Bernardi Anna , Cheshev Pavel
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods and Strategies in Oligosaccharide Synthesis
Authors: Iadonisi Alfonso
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Of Two Make One: The Biosynthesis of Phenazines
Authors: Mentel Matthias , Ahuja Ekta G. , Mavrodi Dmitri V. , Breinbauer Rolf , Thomashow Linda S. , Blankenfeldt Wulf
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Milestones and Perspectives in Electrochemically Promoted Catalysis
Authors: Tsiplakides Dimitrios , Balomenou Stella
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Targeting Higher‐Order DNA: Beyond the G‐Quadruplex
Authors: Howell Lesley A. , Searcey Mark
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structure and Function of Fluorescent Proteins
Authors: Sample Vedangi , Newman Robert H. , Zhang Jin
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Visualization of Molecular Interactions Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation Analysis: Characteristics of Protein Fragment Complementation
Authors: Kerppola Tom K.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
NIR‐VCD, vibrational circular dichroism in the near‐infrared: Experiments, theory and calculations
Authors: Abbate Sergio , Castiglioni Ettore , Gangemi Fabrizio , Gangemi Roberto , Longhi Giovanna
Published: November 2009

The first well documented experiments of Near Infrared Vibrational Circular Dichroism (NIR‐VCD) were performed around 1975. We review the thirty year history of NIR‐VCD, encompassing both instrumental development and theoretical/computational methods that allow interpretation of experimental spectra, harvesting useful structural information therefrom. We hope to stimulate interest in this still scarcely explored spectroscopy of chiral molecules. Chirality 21:E242–E252, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereoselective protein binding of tetrahydropalmatine enantiomers in human plasma, HSA, and AGP, but not in rat plasma
Authors: Sun Dong‐Li , Huang Shan‐Ding , Wu Pei‐Sheng , Li Jia , Ye Ya‐Ju , Jiang Hui‐Di
Published: November 2009

Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) is one of the active alkaloid ingredients of Rhizoma Corydalis. THP has a chiral center, and the stereoselective pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution have been reported. The aim of the present article is to study the stereoselective protein binding of THP using equilibrium dialysis followed by HPLC‐UV analysis. The results showed that THP stereoselectively binds to human serum albumin (HSA), α1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP), and proteins in human plasma. The fraction binding of (+)‐THP was significantly higher than that of (−)‐THP, whereas such stereoselectivity was not found in rat plasma. The affinity of HSA and AGP to (+)‐THP, expressed as nKA, were 9.0 × 103 M−1 and 2.34 × 105 M−1, respectively, which were notablely higher than to (−)‐THP, with the nKA of 3.4 × 103 M−1 and 1.44 × 105 M−1, respectively. The binding site of HSA for (−)‐THP was Site I, whereas for (+)‐THP was both Site I and Site II. The F1/S variants of AGP were proved to be the key variants (−)‐ and (+)‐THP binding to both. Finally, the AGP binding drugs, such as mifepristone, were demonstrated to reduce the fraction binding of (−)‐ and (+)‐THP with pure AGP (1 mg/ml) but did not affect the fraction binding of both (−)‐ and (+)‐THP with proteins in human plasma. It can be concluded that protein binding of THP is species dependent and stereoselective, both HSA and AGP contribute to the stereoselective binding to THP enatiomers, and AGP binding drugs may not cause the drug–drug interaction on THP in healthy human plasma. Chirality, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrothermal synthesis of nano‐crystalline BaMoO4 under mild conditions using simple additive
Authors: Tian Guangru , Sun Sixiu
Published: November 2009

Large‐scale high‐quality BaMoO4 nanocrystals have been synthesized in aqueous solutions under mild conditions with citrate as a simple additive. The crystals have bone‐like, spindle‐like and wheatear‐like morphologies assembled from nanoparticles, nanofibers and have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The results showed that experimental parameters had great influences on the shape evolution of products. The adjustment of these parameters such as room temperature stirring time, reaction temperature and reaction time of hydrothermal reaction, can lead to obvious morphology changes of products, and the growth mechanism has been proposed. Room‐temperature photoluminescence indicated that the as‐prepared BaMoO4 nanocrystals had a strong blue emission peak at 481.5 nm. This facile route could be employed to synthesize more promising nanomaterials with interesting self‐assembly structures. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of the antidepressant paroxetine on Ca2+ movement in PC3 human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Pan Chih Chuan , Kuo Daih‐Huang , Shieh Pochuen , Chen Fu‐An , Kuo Chun‐Chi , Jan Chung‐Ren
Published: November 2009

The effect of the antidepressant paroxetine on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in PC3 human prostate cancer cells is unclear. This study explored whether paroxetine changed basal [Ca2+]i levels in suspended PC3 cells by using fura‐2 as a Ca2+‐sensitive fluorescent dye. Paroxetine at concentrations between 10–150 µM increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration‐dependent manner. The Ca2+ signal was reduced by 55% by removing extracellular Ca2+. Paroxetine‐induced Ca2+ influx was inhibited by the store‐operated Ca2+ channel blockers econazole and SK&F96365, the phospholipase A2 inhibitor aristolochic acid, and protein kinase C modulators. In Ca2+‐free medium, pretreatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitors thapsigargin, 2,5‐di‐tert‐butylhydroquinone (BHQ), or cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) all abolished paroxetine‐induced [Ca2+]i rise. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 inhibited paroxetine‐induced [Ca2+]i rise by 80%. Collectively, in PC3 cells, paroxetine induced [Ca2+]i rise by causing phospholipase C‐dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ influx via store‐operated Ca2+ channels in a manner regulated by protein kinase C and phospholipase A2. Drug Dev Res, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐emulsifying system for improving drug dissolution and bioavailability: in vitro/in vivo evaluation
Authors: Barakat Nahla S.
Published: November 2009

The present study focuses on enhancement of the dissolution and oral absorption of poorly water‐soluble etodolac. A self‐emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) composed of oil, surfactant, and co‐surfactant for oral administration was formulated. The SEDDS formulations were optimized by evaluating their ability to self‐emulsifying when introduced to an aqueous medium under gentle agitation, and by determination of particle size of the resulting emulsion. Optimized formulation of SEDDS was selected for bioavailability assessment in rabbits. Also, the anti‐inflammatory effect of SEDDS formulation was determined in rats, compared with powder drug and etodolac suspension in water (50 mg kg−1).

The peak plasma concentration of 16.4±1.07 µg ml−1appeared after 1.3±0.2 h, whereas with powder drug and etodolac suspension the values were 7.5±0.5 and 10.6±0.7 µg ml−1appearing at 4.2±0.4 and 2.4±0.2 h, respectively. The AUC0‐8of the etodolac SEDDS formulation was approximately 2.3 times as that of the pure drug and 1.5 times as much as that of the suspension form. There was no significant change in the elimination rate constant and the elimination half‐life. Thus, oral absorption is improved significantly using the SEDDS formulation. The anti‐inflammatory activity of SEDDS formulation was compared with etodolac suspended in water at a dose of 20 mg kg−1, using a carrageenan‐induced rat paw edema model. At 4 h, the SEDDS formulation reduced edema by 69% as compared a similar dose of etodolac suspension, which reduced edema by 45%. The results support the utility of SEDDS formulation for the oral delivery of etodolac, and potentially other lipophilic drugs. Drug Dev Res 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and characterization of synthetic steroidal and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in Indian ayurvedic/herbal products using LC‐MS/TOF
Authors: Savaliya Akash A. , Prasad Bhagwat , Raijada Dhara K. , Singh Saranjit
Published: November 2009

It is claimed that ayurvedic/herbal healthcare products (AHPs) are safe because of their natural origin. However, several reports exist of adulteration of AHPs with synthetic drugs. In this study, a generalized strategy was developed using LC‐MS/TOF for the detection and verification of steroidal and anti‐inflammatory drugs in 58 AHPs collected from various parts of India. The strategy involved recording of mass spectral information for standard drugs—including ionization mode (ESI/APCI − ve or + ve), mass spectrum, accurate mass, identification of qualifier fragments (two), extracted ion chromatograms (EICs), isotopic pattern and determination of UV max (nm)—through UV‐PDA studies. Adulteration was then detected in AHPs primarily through comparison of EICs at accurate m/z for molecular ion peaks and RT matching with the standard. It was confirmed by spiking with the standards, and matching mass spectrum, accurate mass, RT of qualifier fragments, isotopic pattern and UV spectrum of the standards with the adulterant peaks in AHPs. Dexamethasone and diclofenac were detected as adulterants in ten AHPs whereas one AHP tested positive for piroxicam and another for dexamethasone. All the adulterated products were sold by the healthcare practitioners, while no product marketed by manufacturers or chemist shops had this problem. The study showed that LC‐MS/TOF‐based screening could be used as a rapid approach to monitor adulteration of steroids and anti‐inflammatory drugs in AHPs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the urinary protein patterns of athletes by 2D‐gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry—a pilot study
Authors: Kohler Maxie , Franz Stefan , Regeniter Axel , Ikonen Anna , Walpurgis Katja , Thomas Andreas , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario
Published: November 2009

Urinary proteins and exercise‐induced proteinuria have been the subject of much research. Proteinuria has been studied in depth after different running and cycling intensities and durations and the different mechanisms of glomerular filtration and tubular dysfunction have been elucidated. The present study was carried out to compare urinary protein profiles of athletes in different sport categories (endurance sport, team sport, strength sport). Doping‐control urine samples obtained from in‐competition testing and specimens derived from a control group were analysed by means of two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) and significantly deviating protein spots were enzymatically hydrolysed and identified by nanoflow liquid chromatography‐orbitrap mass spectrometry. Endurance sport samples demonstrated a significant increase of mainly medium‐sized urinary proteins such as transferrin, zinc alpha‐2‐glycoprotein and prostaglandin H2 D‐isomerase (30–80 kDa) in 2D‐PAGE experiments. Proteinuria was evident in all samples after protein concentration measurements (protein/creatinine > 15 mg/mmol). Alterations were also observed in strength sport samples, which showed an increase of low molecular weight proteins or protein fragments (<30 kDa, e.g., transthyretin, CD 59 antigen or an N‐terminal transferrin fragment). In contrast, the concentration measurements did not imply proteinuria but total protein excretion was in a normal range.

The study provides a first overview on 2D maps of the urinary proteome after different types of exercise. Future studies may lead to the establishment of urinary protein maps that are typical for a certain type of sport or even an individual athlete. These maps may complement the blood passport of athletes in doping control. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DeltaA mRNA and protein distribution in the zebrafish nervous system
Authors: Tallafuss Alexandra , Trepman Alissa , Eisen Judith S.
Published: November 2009

Physical interaction between the transmembrane proteins Delta and Notch allows only a subset of neural precursors to become neurons, as well as regulating other aspects of neural development. To examine the localization of Delta protein during neural development, we generated an antibody specific to zebrafish DeltaA (Dla). Here, we describe for the first time the subcellular localization of Dla protein in distinct puncta at cell cortex and/or membrane, supporting the function of Dla in direct cell–cell communication. In situ RNA hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed dynamic, coordinated expression patterns of dla mRNA and Dla protein in the developing and adult zebrafish nervous system. Dla expression is mostly excluded from differentiated neurons and is maintained in putative precursor cells at least until larval stages. In the adult brain, dla mRNA and Dla protein are expressed in proliferative zones normally associated with stem cells. Developmental Dynamics 238:3226–3336, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High resolution cell lineage tracing reveals developmental variability in leech
Authors: Gline Stephanie E. , Kuo Dian‐Han , Stolfi Alberto , Weisblat David A.
Published: November 2009

Knowing the normal patterns of embryonic cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation is a cornerstone for understanding development. Yet for most species, the precision with which embryonic cell lineages can be determined is limited by technical considerations (the large numbers of cells, extended developmental times, opacity of the embryos), and these are exacerbated by the inherent variability of the lineages themselves. Here, we present an improved method of cell lineage tracing in the leech Helobdella, driving the expression of a nuclearly localized histone H2B:GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion protein in selected lineages by microinjection of a plasmid vector. This construct generates a long lasting and minimally mosaic signal with single cell resolution, and does not disrupt the development of most lineages tested. We have validated this technique by elucidating details of cell lineages contributing to segmental and prostomial tissues that could not be observed with standard dextran lineage tracers. Developmental Dynamics 238:3139–3151, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of the viscerocranial skeleton during embryogenesis of the sea lamprey,Petromyzon Marinus
Authors: Martin Wendy M. , Bumm Lloyd A. , McCauley David W.
Published: November 2009

Evolution of the skeleton was a key transition in early vertebrates. Lampreys lack a mineralized skeleton but possess cartilaginous neurocranial and viscerocranial elements. In lampreys, the visceral skeleton develops as a fused branchial basket supporting the pharynx. Here, we have adapted Alcian blue staining of lamprey cartilage and show this method results in cartilage fluorescence that we used to describe development of the branchial skeleton inPetromyzon marinusbetween 17 and 63 days of development. We show that skeletal rods develop from condensations of flattened discoidal chondrocytes and may involve cellular intercalation. Lamprey trabecular, parachordal, and subchordal cartilages consist of aggregations of polygonal chondrocytes positioned on the ventral and lateral surfaces of the notochord. We speculate that morphological differences relate to functional differences in the cartilage. We show that differentiated skeletal rods are derived from neural crest. Finally, we show how branchial muscles intercalate with skeletal rods of the branchial basket. Developmental Dynamics 238:3126–3138, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurogenin1 expression in cell lineages of the cerebellar cortex in embryonic and postnatal mice
Authors: Lundell T. G. , Zhou Q. , Doughty M.L.
Published: November 2009

The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors Ptf1a and Math1 are necessary for the specification of γ‐aminobutyric acid‐ergic and glutamatergic cell lineages in the cerebellum, respectively. Recent evidence suggests cascades of bHLH factor activities drive cell type specificity in Ptf1a+ve and Math1+ve lineages. In this manuscript, we reveal cell lineages in the cerebellar cortex but not deep cerebellar nuclei express the pro‐neural bHLH factor Neurogenin1 (Ngn1). Ngn1 is expressed in ventricular zone progenitors and in newly generated neurons in the caudal cerebellar primordium. In later embryonic and postnatal developmental stages, Ngn1 is expressed in progenitors and in migrating interneurons in the prospective white matter. Transgenic fate‐mapping reveals Ngn1 reporter‐gene expression in Purkinje cells, multiple inhibitory interneuron cell types, and in unipolar brush cells of the cortex. The data suggest Ngn1 is a component of the bHLH factor code regulating cell type specification in the cerebellar cortex. Developmental Dynamics 238:3310–3325, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SECM Imaging of Interfacial Processes in Defective Organic Coatings Applied on Metallic Substrates Using Oxygen as Redox Mediator
Authors: Souto Ricardo M. , Fernández‐Mérida Luis , González Sergio
Published: November 2009

Operation of the SECM in feedback mode over a coated metal allows changes in the state of the surface to be monitored using dissolved oxygen in the test environment as redox mediator. The system investigated consisted in mild steel samples coated with a polyurethane film in which a defect was deliberately introduced into it. Accurate approach curves under negative‐feedback condition were obtained using a platinum microelectrode over regions of the intact coating. Imaging experiments were also carried out over the artificial defect on the coating. Under these conditions, corrosion of the exposed metal substrate at the defects could be monitored.
Effect of hydrodistillation with phosphoric acid on the yield of Chios mastic gum essential oil
Authors: Kokolakis Antonios K. , Kouvarakis Antonios N. , Katerinopoulos Haralambos E.
Published: November 2009

The essential oil from the resin of Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia (mastic gum), growing wild in the eastern Aegean island of Chios (Greece), was hydrodistilled and analysed by GC–MS and GC–FID. Mastic samples were hydrodistilled in the presence or absence of H3PO4. The results indicate that distillation in the presence of 10% H3PO4 doubled the yield of the essential oil (EO). A total of 46 compounds, accounting for 90.16–99.13% of the total volatile components of the essential oil, were detected and their percentage contents in the essential oil were determined. The compounds that predominate are α‐pinene (63.22–71.17%), β‐myrcene (16.60–18.09%) and β‐pinene (2.08–2.78%). These compounds were found in similar abundance in all samples, indicating that, at this concentration, H3PO4 does not react with the oil components during the distillation. The significant increase of the EO yield could make it more accessible to the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Special Issue 40th ISEO: toxicological challenges for essential oils in REACH
Authors: Ellis Graham
Published: November 2009

Regulation on the registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals (REACH) requires that substances produced or imported at ≥ 1 tonne/year in the European Community (EC) are submitted for registration following a phased‐in timetable according to tonnage until 2018. Toxicological and ecotoxicological information is required for submission, along with a risk assessment that considers consumer, occupational and environmental exposures. These requirements apply to natural aromatic extracts (mainly essential oils, but also concretes, resinoids, absolutes, etc.), termed ‘natural complex substances’ (NCSs), in REACH, and present a unique set of challenges, not only due to the cost and administrative burden for essential oils producers and importers, but also in the approach used for the toxicological evaluation of these oils. Identification of representative specifications for the conduct of studies and natural variability of product composition is an important and complex area to resolve, even before studies can begin. Adaptation of toxicological test methods to essential oils and the interpretation of results and use in risk assessment present perhaps the greatest challenge. Alternative test and evaluation strategies for essential oils, based on a components approach, offer the potential for strategic testing in achieving REACH compliance. Different approaches may apply, dependent on whether the NCS, which belongs to the category of substances called UVCB in REACH, is a ‘simple’ well‐defined substance, e.g. sweet orange peel oil, or one that is complex in nature and is not usually fully characterized, e.g. vetiver oil. Industry has already started work through REACH consortia and industry association activities, yet further refinement in the assessment approach and experience in dossier submission and acceptance with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) remains a real challenge for essential oils producers and importers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large intragenic deletions of the NF2 gene: Breakpoints and associated phenotypes
Authors: Abo‐Dalo Benjamin , Kutsche Kerstin , Mautner Victor , Kluwe Lan
Published: November 2009

In this study, the breakpoints of six large intragenic deletions in the NF2 gene are determined, which had initially been detected by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification. While one breakpoint occurred within an exon, the remaining 11 lied in the corresponding flanking introns. Two of the deletions were most likely caused by nonallelic homologous recombination between Alu sequences, while the other four appeared to be the result of nonhomologous endjoining, possibly facilitated by rearrangement‐promoting elements at the junctions in some cases. The clinical features of patients with large intragenic deletions and individuals with mutations affecting single or multiple nucleotides of the NF2 gene are relatively similar. However, patients with deletions of the 3′ exons 15 and 16 of the NF2 gene did exhibit milder phenotypes, especially with respect to the age of disease onset. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment guideline for hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck
Authors: Zheng Jia Wei , Zhou Qin , Yang Xiu Juan , Wang Yan An , Fan Xin Dong , Zhou Guo Yu , Zhang Zhi Yuan , Suen James Y.
Published: November 2009

Vascular anomalies are among the most common congenital and neonatal dysmorphogenesis, which are separated into hemangiomas and vascular malformations. They can occur in various areas throughout the body, with 60% being located in the head and neck. The true mechanism of pathogenesis of vascular anomalies is still unclear. Various treatment methods have been reported, and there are still controversies over the selection of different treatment modalities. Based on the clinical and basic research and current literature, the Chinese Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Vascular Anomalies formulated a treatment guideline for hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck, which will be modified and updated periodically based on new medical evidence and research. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Reproductive risk factors and endometrial cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Dossus Laure , Allen Naomi , Kaaks Rudolf , Bakken Kjersti , Lund Eiliv , Tjonneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Overvad Kim , Clavel‐Chapelon Francoise , Fournier Agnes , Chabbert‐Buffet Nathalie , Boeing Heiner , Schütze Madlen , Trichopoulou Antonia , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Lagiou Pagona , Palli Domenico , Krogh Vittorio , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Mattiello Amalia , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. Bas , Onland‐Moret N. Charlotte , Peeters Petra H.M. , Dumeaux Vanessa , Redondo Maria‐Luisa , Duell Eric , Sanchez‐Cantalejo Emilio , Arriola Larraitz , Chirlaque Maria‐Dolores , Ardanaz Eva , Manjer Jonas , Borgquist Signe , Lukanova Annie , Lundin Eva , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nicholas , Key Tim , Chajes Veronique , Rinaldi Sabina , Slimani Nadia , Mouw Traci , Gallo Valentina , Riboli Elio
Published: November 2009

Endometrial cancer risk has been associated with reproductive factors (age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, age at first and last birth, time since last birth and use of oral contraceptives (OCs)]. However, these factors are closely interrelated and whether they act independently still requires clarification. We conducted a study to examine the association of menstrual and reproductive variables with the risk of endometrial cancer among the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Among the 302,618 women eligible for the study, 1,017 incident endometrial cancer cases were identified. A reduction in endometrial cancer risk was observed in women with late menarche, early menopause, past OC use, high parity and a shorter time since last full‐term pregnancy (FTP). No association was observed for duration of breast feeding after adjustment for number of FTP or for abortion (spontaneous or induced). After mutual adjustment, late age at menarche, early age at menopause and duration of OC use showed similar risk reductions of 7–8% per year of menstrual life, whereas the decreased risk associated with cumulative duration of FTPs was stronger (22% per year). In conclusion, our findings confirmed a reduction in risk of endometrial cancer with factors associated with a lower cumulative exposure to estrogen and/or higher exposure to progesterone, such as increasing number of FTPs and shorter menstrual lifespan and, therefore, support an important role of hormonal mechanisms in endometrial carcinogenesis.
Zoledronic acid protects against osteosarcoma‐induced bone destruction but lacks efficacy against pulmonary metastases in a syngeneic rat model
Authors: Labrinidis Agatha , Hay Shelley , Liapis Vasilios , Findlay David M. , Evdokiou Andreas
Published: November 2009

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone in children and adolescents. In spite of successful control of the primary tumor, death from lung metastasis occurs in more than a third of patients. To investigate the efficacy of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on the development, progression and metastatic spread of OS, we used a rat model of OS, with features of the disease similar to human patients, including spontaneous metastasis to lungs. Rat OS cells were inoculated into the tibial marrow cavity of syngeneic rats. OS development was associated with osteolysis mixed with new bone formation, adjacent to the periosteum and extended into the surrounding soft tissue. Metastatic foci in the lungs formed 3–4 weeks postcancer cell transplantation. Treatment with a clinically relevant dose of ZOL was initiated 1 week after tumors were established and continued once weekly or as a single dose. ZOL preserved the integrity of both trabecular and cortical bone and reduced tumor‐induced bone formation. However, the overall tumor burden at the primary site was not reduced because of the persistent growth of cancer cells in the extramedullary space, which was not affected by ZOL treatment. ZOL treatment failed to prevent the metastatic spread of OS to the lungs. These findings suggest that ZOL as a single agent protects against OS‐induced bone destruction but lacks efficacy against pulmonary metastases in this rat model. ZOL may have potential value as an adjuvant therapy in patients with established OS.
High‐throughput detection of nuclear factor‐kappaB activity using a sensitive oligo‐based chemiluminescent enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Bhattacharya Nupur , Sarno Antonio , Idler Irina S. , Führer Marita , Zenz Thorsten , Döhner Hartmut , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Mertens Daniel
Published: November 2009

Contemporary research on cellular signaling has undergone a shift of focus from qualitative measurements of single signaling pathways to high‐throughput quantitation of comprehensive signaling networks. Notably, nuclear factor‐kappaB (NFκB) is a family of transcription factors involved in immune and inflammatory responses, developmental processes, cellular growth and apoptosis and is deregulated in a number of disease states. We have established a chemiluminescent oligonucleotide‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (co‐ELISA) that is simple and quantitative. In contrast to currently used assays, it allows quantitation of all NFκB components (i.e., RelA, p50, p52, RelB and c‐Rel). In addition, it can make use of whole extract and does not require cumbersome nuclear/cytosolic fractionation, saving time and resources. Co‐ELISA has a 3.5‐ to 43‐fold higher signal‐over‐noise ratio than currently available assays, whereas the percent relative standard deviation is 3‐ to 6‐fold lower. Furthermore, the novel method is faster than electrophoretic mobility shift assay, not restricted to transfectable cells as is the case for luciferase reporter assays and 10 times more cost efficient than commercially available ELISA assays. Co‐ELISA is a sensitive, fast and cost‐efficient quantitation method for all DNA‐binding NFκB proteins that can be used in high‐throughput experimentation.
Effects of blood on bone cement made of calcium phosphate: Problems and advantages
Authors: Musha Yoshiro , Umeda Tomohiro , Yoshizawa Sayuri , Shigemitsu Toshio , Mizutani Kazuhiro , Itatani Kiyoshi
Published: November 2009

In recent years, calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have frequently been used as bone substitutes in the field of orthopedic surgery. When CPC is used as a bone substitute in vivo, blood contamination is unavoidable. To date, however, no detailed study has been conducted focusing on how the physical properties of CPCs would change under the influence of blood. In this study, the effects of blood contamination on Biopex‐R® (BPR, PENTAX, Tokyo) are examined in vitro and in vivo. The compressive strength of BPR after setting decreased depending on the amount of contaminating blood. The BPR, which has set in vivo, not only has a fragile surface due to the contamination by blood, but also has a propensity to shorten and be destroyed during the early postoperative stage, especially in the bone exposed to loads. On the other hand, radiographic and histological features in vivo indicated that the absorption and the bone replacement of BPR were stimulated by blood contamination. In the clinical evaluation, the patient's own peripheral venous blood was added to the BPR. One year after the surgery, the absorption was noted around the hardened BPR. To advance CPCs (including BPR) as bioabsorbable bone replaceable materials, it is essential to utilize the patient's own blood in combination with the CPC. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Bone remodeling induced by dental implants of functionally graded materials
Authors: Lin Daniel , Li Qing , Li Wei , Swain Michael
Published: November 2009

Functionally graded material (FGM) had been developed as a potential implant material to replace titanium for its improved capability of initial osseointegration. The idea behind FGM dental implant is that its properties can be tailored in accordance with the biomechanical needs at different regions adapting to its hosting bony tissues, therefore creating an improved overall integration and stability in the entire restoration. However, there have been very few reports available so far on predicting bone remodeling induced by FGM dental implants. This article aims to evaluate bone remodeling when replacing the titanium with a hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAP/Col) FGM model. A finite element model was constructed in the buccal‐lingual section of a dental implant‐bone structure generated from in vivo CT scan images. The remodeling simulation was performed over a 4 year healing period. Comparisons were made between the titanium implant and various FGM implants of this model. The FGM implants showed an improved bone remodeling outcome. The study is expected to provide a basis for future development of FGM implants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Degradation behaviors of bioabsorbable P3/4HB monofilament suture in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Xianyu , Yang Xiaodi , Pan Jueyu , Wang Liang , Xu Kaitian
Published: November 2009

The biodegradable behaviors of monofilament suture made from bacterial biopolyester poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P3/4HB) was investigated both in lipase solution and by implant into rat tergal muscles. Results showed that the monofilament suture lost its tensile strength gradually accompanied by decrease of molecular weight. The suture retained ∼65% of its original strength after lipase degradation for 12 weeks, whereas the molecular weight decreased from 4.5 × 105 to 3.8 × 105. However, the crystallinity of the suture, after lipase degradation for 12 weeks, increased from 27 to 33%. This may ascribe to improve orientation arrangement of molecular chain in the monofilament after the fragment from amorphous regions dissolved in the buffer solution. The roughness of surface morphology increased with degradation. Rat implantation showed no remarkable tissue responses during in vivo degradation. Foreign body reactions were much milder than chromic catgut, which is one of the most common commercially available sutures. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Long‐term plasma exchange for severe refractory hypertriglyceridemia: A decade of experience demonstrates safety and efficacy
Authors: Schaap‐Fogler Michal , Schurr Daniel , Schaap Tova , Leitersdorf Eran , Rund Deborah
Published: November 2009

Hypertriglyceridemia (hyperTG) is a common form of dyslipidemia and is frequently associated with premature coronary disease, and when severe, recurrent events of pancreatitis may occur. The management of hyperTG is generally medical (life style modification, medications). Plasma exchange (PE) has been reported to be useful in emergency situations particularly when acute pancreatitis results from extreme hyperTG. To our knowledge, there is only one report on long‐term use of PE for hyperTG. We here report our results of long‐term treatment of hyperTG in 6 patients with Frederickson Type V hyperlipidemia who had recurrent attacks of pancreatitis due to hyperTG refractory to medical therapy. PE was performed from one to eight times a month, mostly using a Cobe Spectra apparatus. In total, our center has performed a total of 1,593 PE sessions for hyperTG. There were no safety issues associated with PE for hyperTG other than occasional access problems (clotted fistula, IV access problems). Determination of plasma TG levels before and after PE demonstrated high efficiency of TG removal (42% to 58% reduction). There was marked clinical improvement in recurrent pancreatitis; patients had a major decrease in episodes (39% to 100%) while on regular PE, as long as they adhered to the treatment schedule. We conclude that long‐term PE for hyperTG, while costly, is feasible and safe and may reduce recurrent attacks of pancreatitis. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dicephalic parapagus conjoined twins: A rare second trimester sonographic diagnosis
Authors: Mete Ahmet , Cebesoy Fatma Bahar , Dıkensoy Ebru , Kutlar İrfan
Published: November 2009

Conjoined twins are 1 of the rarest and most challenging congenital malformations. It occurs if twinning is initiated after the embryonic disc and rudimentary amniotic sac have been formed. We report a very rare case of dicephalic parapagus that was diagnosed by transabdominal sonography. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Mutual influence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and chronic pain among injured accident survivors: A longitudinal study
Authors: Jenewein J. , Wittmann L. , Moergeli H. , Creutzig J. , Schnyder U.
Published: November 2009

The relationship between acute stress disorder (ASD), posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD), and chronic pain was investigated in a longitudinal study of injured accident victims (N = 323, 64.7% men). Assessments took place 5 days (T1), 6 (T2) months, and 12 (T3) months postaccident. Relations between pain and posttraumatic stress symptoms were tested by structural equation modeling. Subjects diagnosed with full or subsyndromal PTSD at T2 and at T3 (14 and 19%) reported significantly higher pain intensity. Cross‐lagged panel analysis yielded a mutual maintenance of pain intensity and ASD or PTSD symptoms across T2. Across the second half year, PTSD symptoms impacted significantly on pain but not vice versa. Clinicians need to pay careful attention to PTSD symptoms in accident survivors suffering from chronic pain.
Is maternal PTSD associated with greater exposure of very young children to violent media?
Authors: Schechter Daniel S. , Gross Anna , Willheim Erica , McCaw Jaime , Turner J. Blake , Myers Michael M. , Zeanah Charles H. , Gleason Mary Margaret
Published: November 2009

This study examined media viewing by mothers with violence‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related media exposure of their preschool‐age children. Mothers (N = 67) recruited from community pediatric clinics participated in a protocol involving a media‐preference survey. Severity of maternal PTSD and dissociation were significantly associated with child exposure to violent media. Family poverty and maternal viewing behavior were also associated. Maternal viewing behavior mediated the effects specifically of maternal PTSD severity on child exposure. Clinicians should assess maternal and child media viewing practices in families with histories of violent trauma exposure and related psychopathology.
Aniline‐Based Disulfide/Aniline Copolymers as a High Energy‐Storage Material
Authors: Wang Gengchao , Yang Xiaofeng , Sun Yanhua , Bao Hua , Li Xingwei
Published: November 2009

Aniline‐based disulfide, 5‐amino‐1,4‐dihydrobenzo[d]‐1′,2′‐dithiadiene (DTAn), was synthesized through a new route. The DTAn/aniline copolymers [P(DTAn‐co‐An)] were prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization. The results show that the polymerization activity of the DTAn is obviously lower than that of aniline, and the degree of polymerization increases with the increasing feed ratio of aniline and oxidant dosage. The cyclic voltammograms of the copolymers indicate that intramolecular self‐catalyzed effects occurred between the conducting backbone and the S‐S side chain. The charge–discharge tests of Li/P(DTAn‐co‐An) cell show an initial specific capacity of 262 mAh · g−1, which suggests that P(DTAn‐co‐An) may be a promising cathode material in secondary lithium batteries.

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