bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Streams, sewage, and shallow groundwater: stream-aquifer interactions in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Prajapati Rajaram , Overkamp Nick N. , Moesker Niek , Happee Kate , van Bentem Rick , Danegulu Anusha , Manandhar Bikesh , Devkota Nischal , Thapa Amber Bahadur , Upadhyay Surabhi , Talchabhadel Rocky , Thapa Bhesh Raj , Malla Rabin , Pandey Vishnu Prasad , Davids Jeffrey C.
Published: August 2021

The Kathmandu Valley in Nepal is facing a water quantity and quality crisis due to rapid urbanization and haphazard water and wastewater planning and management. Annually, groundwater extractions in the Kathmandu Valley exceed capture, resulting in groundwater table declines. Streams are often important sources of recharge to (or destination of discharges from) aquifers. However, stream-aquifer interactions in the Kathmandu Valley are poorly understood. To improve this understanding, we performed topographic surveys of water levels, and measured water quality, in streams and adjacent hand-dug wells (shallow aquifer). In pre-monsoon, 12% (2018) and 44% (2019) of wells had water levels higher than adjacent streams, indicating mostly a loss of stream water to the aquifer. However, in post-monsoon, 69% (2018) and 70% (2019) of wells had water levels higher than adjacent streams, indicating that monsoon rainfall contributes to shallow aquifer recharge which, at least temporarily, causes streams to transition from losing to gaining. Concentrations of all water quality parameters (electrical conductivity, ammonia, alkalinity, and hardness) were higher in the pre-monsoon compared to post-monsoon in both streams and wells. There was no recurring trend in water level difference longitudinally from upstream to downstream. However, water quality in streams and wells depleted from upstream to downstream. While we clearly observed seasonal refilling of the shallow aquifer, the role of the deep aquifer in seasonal storage processes deserve future research attention.
Review on additive hybrid- and multi-material-manufacturing of metals by powder bed fusion: state of technology and development potential
Authors: Schneck M. , Horn M. , Schmitt M. , Seidel C. , Schlick G. , Reinhart G.
Published: August 2021

In this review paper, the authors investigate the state of technology for hybrid- and multi-material (MM) manufacturing of metals utilizing additive manufacturing, in particular powder bed fusion processes. The study consists of three parts, covering the material combinations, the MM deposition devices, and the implications in the process chain. The material analysis is clustered into 2D- and 3D-MM approaches. Based on the reviewed literature, the most utilized material combination is steel-copper, followed by fusing dissimilar steels. Second, the MM deposition devices are categorized into holohedral, nozzle-based as well as masked deposition concepts, and compared in terms of powder deposition rate, resolution, and manufacturing readiness level (MRL). As a third aspect, the implications in the process chain are investigated. Therefore, the design of MM parts and the data preparation for the production process are analyzed. Moreover, aspects for the reuse of powder and finalization of MM parts are discussed. Considering the design of MM parts, there are theoretical approaches, but specific parameter studies or use cases are not present in the literature. Principles for powder separation are identified for exemplary material combinations, but results for further finalization steps of MM parts have not been found. In conclusion, 3D-MM manufacturing has a MRL of 4–5, which indicates that the technology can be produced in a laboratory environment. According to this maturity, several aspects for serial MM parts need to be developed, but the potential of the technology has been demonstrated. Thus, the next important step is to identify lead applications, which benefit from MM manufacturing and hence foster the industrialization of these processes.
Toxic language in online incel communities
Authors: Pelzer Björn , Kaati Lisa , Cohen Katie , Fernquist Johan
Published: August 2021

The internet-basedincelsubculture has evolved over the past decade on a number of different platforms. The subculture is known to be toxic and has become associated with several high-profile cases of lethal violence. In this paper, we study the level of toxic language and its targets on three large incel forums:incels.co,lookism.netandlooksmax.me. These three forums are the most well-known and active online platforms where incels meet and discuss. Our results show that even though usage of toxic language is pervasive on all three forums, they exhibit significant differences in the composition of their toxicity. These differences correspond to different groups or philosophies within the incel communites.
Circular Bio-economy—Paradigm for the Future: Systematic Review of Scientific Journal Publications from 2015 to 2021
Authors: Venkatesh G.
Published: August 2021

While ‘renewable’ is the keyword in a bioeconomy and resource conservation is the motivation behind a circular economy, a circular bioeconomy is one in which waste streams from renewable bio-resources are looped back into the technosphere—open-loop or closed-loop recycling or conversion from matter to energy. This systematic review brings together 385 publications from 2015 to 2021, originating from 50 countries and appearing in 150 journals, into a coherent account of the status quo of published research on circular bioeconomy. The numbers bear testimony to the growing interest in this field of research. Germany is the leading contributor to the scientific literature base (10%), while the Journal of Cleaner Production (9%) tops the list of journals in the fray. The methodology adopted has been clearly explained, and the discussion has been segmented into sub-sections and sub-sub-sections to do justice to the diversity of the nature of the publications. A little flexibility in organisation of the flow of the text has been availed of, to improve readability. The circular bioeconomy can be visualised as a set of ‘many through many to many’ relationships, enabling both economies of scale and scope in the longer run. This calls for extensive collaboration and cooperation among the numerous stakeholders involved. Several barriers will have to be overcome. Technology impact assessments and sustainability risk appraisals need to be carried out in order to ensure and convince stakeholders that they are on the right path. But as one knows and will appreciate, challenges lurk where there exist opportunities to be availed of, to replace the take-make-use-dispose paradigm of a linear economy to the grow-make-use-restore alternative.

Graphical abstract
Exploring Hypersexuality Pathways From Eye Movements: The Role of (Sexual) Impulsivity
Authors: Carvalho Joana , Rosa Pedro J. , Štulhofer Aleksandar
Published: August 2021

Background

Impulsivity is regarded as a key factor underpinning hypersexuality like-conditions. However, impulsivity is a multifaceted construct, and existing research has not been capturing such complexity, which includes the effects of domain-general and domain-specific impulsivity in hypersexuality.

Aim

The aim of this study was to test the predictive role of specific impulsivity domains, ie, domain-general and domain-specific, in hypersexuality and its associated consequences.

Methods

Fifty-five men and 58 women went through an emotional Go/-no-Go task (including sexual, high-valence positive, and neutral pictures), aimed at capturing domain-general and domain-specific impulsivity. Ocular metrics were further considered in order to increase the validity of the experimental task, and provide a metric of attention capturing. The study was carried out in a community sample.

Outcomes

Self-reported (general)impulsivity and commission errors toward high-valence positive and sexual pictures (signaling domain-general and domain-specific impulsivity, respectively) were settled as independent variables, along with Time to First Fixation to stimuli, capturing early/uncontrolled attention. Scores on hypersexuality and negative consequences emerging from hypersexual behavior were settled as outcome variables.

RESULTS

Self-reported (general)impulsivity was the only predictor of hypersexuality scores, while negative consequences were best accounted by higher fixation time to sexual pictures. In all, findings did not support the role of domain-specific impulsivity (ie, sexual impulsivity) in hypersexuality.

Clinical Translation

Findings tentatively suggest that hypersexuality, as captured at the community level, may be best positioned within the general spectrum of psychopathology, thus influencing educational and clinical intervention protocols aimed at addressing hypersexuality related complaints. Protocols would be expected to primarily target general psychopathology phenomena, rather than specific sexual aspects.

Strengths & Limitations

This study implemented an innovative approach to capture different impulsivity domains, thus adding to previous literature in the field. However, the current study precludes the generalization of findings to clinical samples, where psychological comorbidities are expected to impact results. Further, findings must be read with caution given to limited effect sizes.

CONCLUSION

While hypersexuality was related to self-reported (general) impulsivity, findings on the negative consequences associated with hypersexual behavior mirrored response patterns found in depression. Such evidence aligns with the assumption that hypersexuality related phenomena might be better positioned in the psychopathology domain, rather than simply framed as a specific sexual problem.
A Course of Modern Analysis
Authors: Whittaker E. T. , Watson G. N.
Published: August 2021

This classic work has been a unique resource for thousands of mathematicians, scientists and engineers since its first appearance in 1902. Never out of print, its continuing value lies in its thorough and exhaustive treatment of special functions of mathematical physics and the analysis of differential equations from which they emerge. The book also is of historical value as it was the first book in English to introduce the then modern methods of complex analysis. This fifth edition preserves the style and content of the original, but it has been supplemented with more recent results and references where appropriate. All the formulas have been checked and many corrections made. A complete bibliographical search has been conducted to present the references in modern form for ease of use. A new foreword by Professor S.J. Patterson sketches the circumstances of the book's genesis and explains the reasons for its longevity. A welcome addition to any mathematician's bookshelf, this will allow a whole new generation to experience the beauty contained in this text.
Perinatal Neuropathology
Authors: Lechpammer Mirna , Del Bigio Marc , Folkerth Rebecca
Published: August 2021

There is an increasing demand for high-standard fetal and infant neuropathology examinations. Novel imaging techniques, development of new diagnostic methods and advances in genetics have stimulated the interest in gaining additional knowledge on developmental, perinatal and neonatal neuropathology. Approaching the subject from a practical standpoint, diagnostic templates for reports are provided in this essential guide to aid clinicians with different areas of expertise. Each chapter will includes numerous high-quality images, accompanied by explanatory legends from the authors' own experiences. Covering autopsy and tissue processing techniques, the authors discuss a range of disorders such as neural tube defects, brain tumours, storage disorders and many others. This book provides access to an online version on Cambridge Core, which can be accessed via the code printed on the inside of the cover. Compiling the latest advances in fetal and infant diagnostics and care, this book is a highly valuable educational resource.
Most Olympic Sports Not Advancing on Sustainability
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: August 2021

World Sailing, World Athletics, World Rowing, and FIFA made the podium. Seven of the 32 summer Olympic sports federations haven’t even entered the race.
Fine Structure of Chorus Wave Packets: Comparison Between Observations and Wave Generation Models
Authors: Zhang X.‐J. , Demekhov A. G. , Katoh Y. , Nunn D. , Tao X. , Mourenas D. , Omura Y. , Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V.
Published: August 2021

Intense lower band chorus waves are ubiquitous in the inner magnetosphere. Their properties have been modeled by various codes and investigated using measurements of many spacecraft missions. This study aims to compare simulated and observed properties of chorus waves. We present detailed comparisons between results from four different codes of nonlinear chorus wave generation and statistical observations from satellites, focusing on the fine structure of such chorus waves. We show that simulations performed with these different codes well reproduce the observed wave packet characteristics, although in somewhat complementary parameter domains as concerns wave packets sizes, amplitudes, and frequency sweep rates. In particular, simulations generate both the frequently observed short wave packets with high positive and negative frequency sweep rates, and the more rare long and intense packets with mainly rising tones. Moreover, simulations reproduce quantitatively both the increase of the size of the observed chorus wave packets with their peak amplitude, and the fast decrease of their frequency sweep rate as their size increases. This confirms the reliability of the main existing codes for accurately modeling chorus wave generation, although we find that initial conditions should be carefully selected to reproduce a given parameter range.
Depth Extent and Vp/Vs Ratio of the Chenghai Fault Zone, Yunnan, China Constrained From Dense‐Array‐Based Teleseismic Receiver Functions
Authors: Jiang Xiaohuan , Hu Shaoqian , Yang Hongfeng
Published: August 2021

Fault zone (FZ) structure is critical for understanding earthquake rupture propagation and assessment of seismic hazard. In this study, we develop a new 2‐D dense‐array‐based inversion method to obtain high‐resolution FZ structure model using teleseismic receiver function. In our method, coherent travel times of converted waves and their multiples are first identified from teleseismic receiver functions; then the travel times are inverted for both depth extent and ratio beneath the seismic dense array. Synthetic tests with various shallow low‐velocity‐zone (LVZ) models demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our new method. We apply our method to the data recorded by a linear dense array across the southern segment of the Chenghai fault (CHF) in Yunnan, southwestern China. The inversion results suggest that the depth of the LVZ beneath the CHF extends to ∼1.1 km. Furthermore, we derive the ratio simultaneously and obtain the P‐wave velocity model from a S‐wave velocity model of the LVZ that were derived from ambient noise tomography. Travel times predicted by the newly obtained model are consistent with teleseismic P‐ and S‐wave arrivals. In addition, our method shows clear improvement in stability compared with the single‐station H‐ method. With dense seismic arrays deployed globally, our method would be a useful tool in shallow low‐velocity structure imaging studies, including fault zones and sedimentary basins.
Sinking Slab Stress and Seismo‐Tectonics of the Indo‐Burmese Arc: A Reappraisal
Authors: Earnest Anil , Sunilkumar T. C. , Silpa K.
Published: August 2021

Differing views on the north‐eastern Indian plate subduction and its seismic potential place the subduction process as relict, ceased, creeping, or fully locked, challenging the seismic hazard uncertainty estimates of Indo‐Burmese Arc (IBA) at either extreme. To clear some of these contentions, we re‐examine the state of the IBA stress field using available earthquake faulting mechanism solutions. Our stress inversion results underline the tectonic complexity and emphasize that the stress of this subduction is primarily driven by the northward oblique motion of the Indian Plate. Models highlight the presence of the least compressive stresses as the margin‐normal component, all along the shallow sinking slab. Furthermore, solutions link the shallow strike‐slip earthquakes with the lateral slab shear due to oblique slip‐partitioning. Spatial variations in the Indian slab stress field indicate higher margin parallel compression at the Naga versus the Chin and Rakhine‐Arakan segments, implying resistance to the northward motion of India, illuminating the buttressing effects on the IBA. Models also depict active E‐W shortening across the Kabaw Fault. Inversion solutions bring out a higher compressional environment toward the south, along the Sagaing Fault. Finally, based on the overall stress field variations, we speculate that the Rakhine‐Bangladesh Megathrust could be a low‐stress forearc, as across the arc interacting stress fields are weak, capable of generating megathrust ruptures. Being weak, the stress replenishment times could be longer than the mechanically strong subduction zones. Due to the spatial stress field variations and buttressing effects, the interface may exhibit a variable rupture mode.
Downregulated developmental processes in the postnatal right ventricle under the influence of a volume overload
Authors: Zhou Chunxia , Sun Sijuan , Hu Mengyu , Xiao Yingying , Yu Xiafeng , Ye Lincai , Qiu Lisheng
Published: August 2021

The molecular atlas of postnatal mouse ventricular development has been made available and cardiac regeneration is documented to be a downregulated process. The right ventricle (RV) differs from the left ventricle. How volume overload (VO), a common pathologic state in children with congenital heart disease, affects the downregulated processes of the RV is currently unclear. We created a fistula between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava on postnatal day 7 (P7) using a mouse model to induce a prepubertal RV VO. RNAseq analysis of RV (from postnatal day 14 to 21) demonstrated that angiogenesis was the most enriched gene ontology (GO) term in both the sham and VO groups. Regulation of the mitotic cell cycle was the second-most enriched GO term in the VO group but it was not in the list of enriched GO terms in the sham group. In addition, the number of Ki67-positive cardiomyocytes increased approximately 20-fold in the VO group compared to the sham group. The intensity of the vascular endothelial cells also changed dramatically over time in both groups. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the downregulated transcriptome revealed that the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway was replaced by the cell cycle in the top-20 enriched KEGG terms because of the VO. Angiogenesis was one of the primary downregulated processes in postnatal RV development, and the cell cycle was reactivated under the influence of VO. The mechanism underlying the effects we observed may be associated with the replacement of the PPAR-signaling pathway with the cell-cycle pathway.
Supported permethylindenyl titanium catalysts for the synthesis of disentangled ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (disUHMWPE)
Authors: Collins Rice Clement G. , Buffet Jean-Charles , Turner Zoë R. , O'Hare Dermot
Published: August 2021

New permethylindenyl-phenoxide (PHENI*) ansa-metallocene titanium complexes immobilised on inorganic solid supports are highly effective catalysts for ethylene polymerisation capable of producing disentangled ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
Ionization selectivity of electrospray and atmospheric pressure photoionization FT-ICR MS for petroleum refinery wastewater dissolved organic matter
Authors: He Chen , Fang Zhi , Li Yongyong , Jiang Chunqing , Zhao Suoqi , Xu Chunming , Zhang Yahe , Shi Quan
Published: August 2021

ESI and APPI were highly complementary for characterizing refinery wastewater dissolved organic matter.
Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis alleviates obesity by modulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Wang Meng , Ma Haotian , Guan Siyu , Luo Tao , Zhao Chunchao , Cai Guiping , Zheng Yubin , Jia Xiaoyun , Di Jianbing , Li Runzhi , Cui Hongli
Published: August 2021

Obesity is a global chronic disease epidemic that is attributed to the abnormal accumulation of lipids in the adipose tissue.
Highly selective oxidation of monosaccharides to sugar acids at room temperature over palladium supported on surface functionalized carbon nanotubes
Authors: Li Zengyong , Li Di , Lan Wu , Li Xuehui , Wan Xiaofang , Sun Runcang , Liu Chuanfu , Peng Xinwen
Published: August 2021

A surface functionalized carbon nanotube supported palladium catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity for the selective oxidation of monosaccharides into sugar acids at room temperature.
A novel dehydroabietic acid-based turn-on fluorescent probe for the detection of bisulfite and its application in live-cell and zebrafish imaging
Authors: Li A-Liang , Wang Zhong-Long , Wang Wen-Yan , Liu Qing-Song , Sun Yue , Gu Wen
Published: August 2021

A novel “Turn-on” fluorescent probe, which displayed prominent sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of HSO3−, was synthesized from dehydroabietic acid. The probe also showed high lysosome-targeting properties when sensing HSO3− in MCF-7 cells.
Biosynthesis of magnetite and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using extracts of “hairy” roots: preparation, characterization, estimation for environmental remediation and biological application
Authors: Kobylinska Natalia , Klymchuk Dmytro , Shakhovsky Anatolij , Khainakova Olena , Ratushnyak Yakiv , Duplij Volodymyr , Matvieieva Nadiia
Published: August 2021

The “green” synthesis of magnetite and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs and CoFe2O4-NPs) using extracts ofArtemisia annuaL “hairy” roots was proposed.
J-PLUS: Systematic impact of metallicity on photometric calibration with the stellar locus
Authors: López-Sanjuan C. , Yuan H. , Vázquez Ramió H. , Varela J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Tremblay P. -E. , Marín-Franch A. , Cenarro A. J. , Ederoclite A. , Alfaro E. J. , Alvarez-Candal A. , Daflon S. , Hernán-Caballero A. , Hernández-Monteagudo C. , Jiménez-Esteban F. M. , Placco V. M. , Tempel E. , Alcaniz J. , Angulo R. E. , Dupke R. A. , Moles M. , Sodré L.
Published: August 2021

Aims. We present the photometric calibration of the twelve optical passbands for the Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) second data release (DR2), comprising 1088 pointings of two square degrees, and study the systematic impact of metallicity on the stellar locus technique.

Methods. The [Fe/H] metallicity from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) for 146 184 high-quality calibration stars, defined with signal-to-noise ratio larger than ten in J-PLUS passbands and larger than three in Gaia parallax, was used to compute the metallicity-dependent stellar locus (ZSL). The initial homogenization of J-PLUS photometry, performed with a unique stellar locus, was refined by including the metallicity effect in colors via the ZSL.

Results. The variation of the average metallicity along the Milky Way produces a systematic offset in J-PLUS calibration. This effect is well above 1% for the bluer passbands and amounts 0.07, 0.07, 0.05, 0.03, and 0.02 mag in u, J0378, J0395, J0410, and J0430, respectively. We modeled this effect with the Milky Way location of the J-PLUS pointing, also providing an updated calibration for those observations without LAMOST information. The estimated accuracy in the calibration after including the metallicity effect is at 1% for the bluer J-PLUS passbands and below for the rest.

Conclusions. Photometric calibration with the stellar locus technique is prone to significant systematic bias in the Milky Way for passbands bluer than λ = 4500 Å. The calibration method for J-PLUS DR2 reaches 1–2% precision and 1% accuracy for 12 optical filters within an area of 2176 square degrees.
Investor sentiment and the time-varying sustainability premium
Authors: Azevedo Vitor , Kaserer Christoph , Campos Lucila M. S.
Published: August 2021

Studies show the inconclusive results regarding the relation between corporate social and environmental responsibility (CSR and CER) and expected returns. We argue that the reason for these mixed results is that the sustainability premium (i.e., the return difference of high-intensity minus low-intensity CSR/CER firms) is time-varying and correlated with investor sentiment. We find that high-intensity CSR (CER) firms have a monthly excess return that is 0.70 (0.88) p.p. higher following periods of low investor sentiment as compared to periods of high sentiment. Given that standard pricing factors cannot fully explain the abnormal returns caused by investor sentiment on the sustainability premium, we propose a sustainability pricing factor, estimated as the second principal component of portfolios sorted based on environmental and social variables, which corrects this mispricing.
Numerical Simulation of Electrified Solid–Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Wang Yun
Published: August 2021

The electrified electrode–electrolyte interface plays a central role in electrochemical processes because it is in this region that the redox reactions occur. However, current understanding of the structural and electronic properties of electrified interfaces remains limited. To narrow this knowledge gap, numerical modeling techniques at various scales have recently been developed. In this chapter, the influence of the applied bias potential on interfacial processes is explored. Recent developments in classical force-field-based molecular dynamics and first-principles electrochemistry simulation methodologies for simulating the dynamic nature of these interfaces are summarized with consideration of the requirement for charge neutrality and alignment of the reference potential. Relevant case studies are also presented to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods.
Bicylindrical Coordinates
Authors: Lekner John
Published: August 2021

Bicylindrical coordinates are defined and related to Cartesian coordinates. We consider geometries where two parallel cylinders are external to each other, where one is inside the other, and also when they overlap. Useful sums and integrals in bicylindrical coordinates are derived. Solutions of Laplace's equation are given, also in degenerate bicylindrical coordinates (touching cylinders).
Social representation of COVID-19, attitudes and knowledge in the adult Portuguese population (La representación social, las actitudes y los conocimientos de la población adulta portuguesa sobre la COVID-19)
Authors: Gomes Alexandra , Vieira-dos-Santos Joana
Published: August 2021

The goal of the present study was to measure COVID-19 social representation and to characterize attitudes and knowledge about the virus SARS-CoV-2. With an exploratory nature, it used a non-probabilistic sample of 297 Portuguese adults. To measure COVID-19 social representation, we used a free evocation task; attitudes were assessed by 20-item questionnaires divided into cognitive, affective and behavioural dimensions; knowledge was assessed by a true or false test based upon general information made available by DGS [Portuguese health general directorate]. Results suggest participants have little belief that they could be infected, have the disease or even be preoccupied about it. Concerning social representation, results suggest the existence of two different groups of participants, one with a more favourable attitude towards COVID-19 and another with a less favourable attitude. The study raises questions to be developed in future research.
Electronic properties and interfacial coupling in Pb islands on single-crystalline graphene
Authors: Song Jing-Peng , Li Ang
Published: August 2021

Introducing metal thin films on two-dimensional (2D) material may present a system to possess exotic properties due to reduced dimensionality and interfacial effects. We deposit Pb islands on single-crystalline graphene on a Ge(110) substrate and studied the nano- and atomic-scale structures and low-energy electronic excitations with scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS). Robust quantum well states (QWSs) are observed in Pb(111) islands and their oscillation with film thickness reveals the isolation of free electrons in Pb from the graphene substrate. The spectroscopic characteristics of QWSs are consistent with the band structure of a free-standing Pb(111) film. The weak interface coupling is further evidenced by the absence of superconductivity in graphene in close proximity to the superconducting Pb islands. Accordingly, the Pb(111) islands on graphene/Ge(110) are free-standing in nature, showing very weak electronic coupling to the substrate.
Module-level design and characterization of thermoelectric power generator
Authors: Zhu Kang , Bai Shengqiang , Kim Hee Seok , Liu Weishu
Published: August 2021

Thermoelectric power generation provides us the unique capability to explore the deep space and holds promise for harvesting the waste heat and providing a battery-free power supply for IoTs. The past years have witnessed massive progress in thermoelectric materials, while the module-level development is still lagged behind. We would like to shine some light on the module-level design and characterization of thermoelectric power generators (TEGs). In the module-level design, we review material selection, thermal management, and the determination of structural parameters. We also look into the module-level characterization, with particular attention on the heat flux measurement. Finally, the challenge in the optimal design and reliable characterization of thermoelectric power generators is discussed, together with a calling to establish a standard test procedure.
Deep learning facilitated whole live cell fast super-resolution imaging
Authors: Tang Yun-Qing , Zhou Cai-Wei , Hao Hui-Wen , Sun Yu-Jie
Published: August 2021

A fully convolutional encoder–decoder network (FCEDN), a deep learning model, was developed and applied to image scanning microscopy (ISM). Super-resolution imaging was achieved with a 78 μm × 78 μm field of view and 12.5 Hz–40 Hz imaging frequency. Mono and dual-color continuous super-resolution images of microtubules and cargo in cells were obtained by ISM. The signal-to-noise ratio of the obtained images was improved from 3.94 to 22.81 and the positioning accuracy of cargoes was enhanced by FCEDN from 15.83 ± 2.79 nm to 2.83 ± 0.83 nm. As a general image enhancement method, FCEDN can be applied to various types of microscopy systems. Application with conventional spinning disk confocal microscopy was demonstrated and significantly improved images were obtained.
The Layered Anatomy of the Nose: An Ultrasound-Based Investigation
Authors: Alfertshofer Michael G , Frank Konstantin , Ehrl Denis , Freytag David L , Moellhoff Nicholas , Gotkin Robert H , Mardini Samir , Beleznay Katie , Swift Arthur , Cotofana Sebastian
Published: August 2021

Background

An increasing number of soft tissue filler procedures in the nasal region has been reported. Concomitant with demand, the number of complications has risen due to the difficulty in administering filler in a region where soft tissue layering is complex.

Objectives

The authors sought to describe the layered soft tissue arrangement of the nose as it relates to the underlying arterial vasculature and to define safer zones for nasal filler enhancement.

Methods

A total of 60 (28 males and 32 females) study participants were investigated with respect to their layered anatomy in the midline of the nose utilizing ultrasound imaging. The presence and extent of the layered arrangement was examined as well as the depth of the arterial vasculature.

Results

In the mid-nasal dorsum, a 5-layer arrangement was observed in 100% (n = 60) of all investigated cases, whereas it was found to be absent in the nasal radix and tip. The 5-layer arrangement showed an average extent of 26.7% to 67.5% in relation to nasal length. The nasal arteries coursed superficially in 91.7% of all cases in the nasal radix, in 80% in the mid-nasal dorsum, and in 98.3% in the nasal tip.

Conclusions

Soft tissue filler administration in the nose carries the highest risk for irreversible vision loss compared with any other facial region. The safety of soft tissue filler rhinoplasty procedures is enhanced by knowledge of the layered anatomy of the nose, the location and depth of the major nasal vasculature, and employment of maneuvers to decrease the risk of blindness.
Topical Skin Treatment and Its Influence on Surgical Healing: Review of Literature and Underlying Physiology
Authors: Widgerow Alan D , Ziegler Mary E , Casas Laurie A
Published: August 2021

TriHex Technology (Alastin Skincare, Carlsbad, CA) has been shown clinically to promote healing and outcomes post procedures and has been demonstrated clinically to improve lipid droplet dissolution and patient-reported outcomes post procedure. Histologically, the formulations have proven to regenerate collagen and elastin. The use of the technology to prepare the skin for surgical procedures combined with its use post procedure was assessed through clinical study outcomes, histological evidence, and gene expression analyses and demonstrated remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), accelerating healing, and initiation of anti-inflammatory genes. While the improvement in clinical signs and outcomes has been validated, the changes taking place at a molecular level need to be explored. The interaction of cells (adipocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts) and the ECM proteins (collagen, elastin) secondary to the effects of the topical agent application are discussed. It appears that the manipulation of fat during body contouring surgery and the resultant adipocytolysis precipitates a molecular profile that can be positively directed toward hastened healing by using adjuvant topical applications as preconditioning prior to surgery and after the surgical procedure. Here, we review the literature and underlying physiology relating to these products and describe how interleukin 6 appears to be the primary facilitator of these effects.
The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Healthcare-Associated Infections
Authors: Baker Meghan A , Sands Kenneth E , Huang Susan S , Kleinman Ken , Septimus Edward J , Varma Neha , Blanchard Jackie , Poland Russell E , Coady Micaela H , Yokoe Deborah S , Fraker Sarah , Froman Allison , Moody Julia , Goldin Laurel , Isaacs Amanda , Kleja Kacie , Korwek Kimberly M , Stelling John , Clark Adam , Platt Richard , Perlin Jonathan B ,   CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: August 2021

Background

The profound changes wrought by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on routine hospital operations may have influenced performance on hospital measures, including healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). We aimed to evaluate the association between COVID-19 surges and HAI and cluster rates.

Methods

In 148 HCA Healthcare-affiliated hospitals, from 1 March 2020 to 30 September 2020, and a subset of hospitals with microbiology and cluster data through 31 December 2020, we evaluated the association between COVID-19 surges and HAIs, hospital-onset pathogens, and cluster rates using negative binomial mixed models. To account for local variation in COVID-19 pandemic surge timing, we included the number of discharges with a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis per staffed bed per month.

Results

Central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia increased as COVID-19 burden increased. There were 60% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23–108%) more CLABSI, 43% (95% CI: 8–90%) more CAUTI, and 44% (95% CI: 10–88%) more cases of MRSA bacteremia than expected over 7 months based on predicted HAIs had there not been COVID-19 cases. Clostridioides difficile infection was not significantly associated with COVID-19 burden. Microbiology data from 81 of the hospitals corroborated the findings. Notably, rates of hospital-onset bloodstream infections and multidrug resistant organisms, including MRSA, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus, and Gram-negative organisms, were each significantly associated with COVID-19 surges. Finally, clusters of hospital-onset pathogens increased as the COVID-19 burden increased.

Conclusions

COVID-19 surges adversely impact HAI rates and clusters of infections within hospitals, emphasizing the need for balancing COVID-related demands with routine hospital infection prevention.
O-087 Embryos with higher mitochondrial DNA ratios show better clinical outcomes in single euploid embryo transfer
Authors: Chen D , Kao C W
Published: August 2021

Study question

To assess whether there is a relationship between mitochondrial DNA content and implantation result.

Summary answer

The embryos with a higher mitochondrial DNA ratio increase pregnancy rate and implantation rate in single euploid embryo transfer.

What is known already

Mitochondria is an important organelle that generates energy during embryonic development. Recent literature points out that mitochondrial content and function may be related to implantation success and embryo viability. Some studies have linked increased ratios of mitochondrial DNA to aneuploidy, advanced maternal age, and euploid blastocyst with implantation failure, while others have failed to demonstrate similar findings.

Study design, size, duration

This study is a retrospective cohort study from 2016 to 2019, including 1465 single embryo transfer cycles.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

The involved embryos were biopsied on Day 5 or 6 and the mitochondrial DNA ratio of 1465 embryos was examined undergoing PGS/NGS. The mitochondrial DNA ratios were normalized for technical batch-to-batch variation. The mitochondrial DNA ratio between the implantation group and non-implantation group was statistically analyzed. Data were analyzed by the student’s t-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables.

Main results and the role of chance

The mitochondrial DNA ratio of embryos was no significant difference between different age spans ( p = 0.772) and ploidy (p = 0.224). D5 biopsied embryos, however, contained a significantly higher mitochondrial DNA ratio than D6 biopsied embryos (p < 0.0001). All of the single embryo transferred embryos were classified into two groups; implanted and non-implanted embryos. Results from 1465 transferred embryos show that the mitochondrial DNA ratio of implanted embryos was statistically significantly higher than non-implanted embryos (p = 0.0053). Besides, the cut-off values were established, dividing the transferred embryos into high and low mitochondrial DNA ratio groups. The pregnancy rate and implantation rate of the high mitochondrial DNA ratio group was higher than the low mitochondrial DNA ratio group: [Pregnancy rate] 74% vs. 63.5% (p = 0.0209); [Implantation rate] 57.3% vs. 50.8% (p = 0.1907).

Limitations, reasons for caution

The mitochondrial DNA ratios were analyzed by bioinformatics processing in Miseq reporter software (Illumina) files in the BAM and FASTQ format. Not sure if there is reproducibility in different sequencing platforms.

Wider implications of the findings

There still remains a lack of clarity regarding the relationship between mitochondrial function and transfer outcome. This retrospective study links an association between increased mtDNA content and increased implantation.

Trial registration number

not applicable
P-718 Paternal smoking in the preconception period is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage in a dose-dependent manner: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Du Fossé N , Van der Hoorn M L , Buisman N , Van Lith J , Le Cessie S , Lashley L
Published: August 2021

Study question

What is the association between paternal lifestyle ­factors in the preconception period and the risk of spontaneous miscarriage?

Summary answer

Preconception paternal cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage, while no associations were found with paternal alcohol consumption and obesity.

What is known already

Although maternal lifestyle risk factors for miscarriage are well-established, studies on potentially contributing paternal factors remain sparse. Recently, a significant association was found between advanced paternal age and spontaneous miscarriage. Biological evidence indicates that smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and obesity may lead to sperm oxidative DNA damage, being a known risk factor for miscarriage.

Study design, size, duration

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

PubMed and Embase databases were searched in August 2020. Paternal factors examined were: cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and Body Mass Index (BMI). A qualitative risk of bias assessment was performed for all included studies. Meta-analysis was performed if sufficient data was available from studies that controlled for maternal factors. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed.

Main results and the role of chance

The systematic search included 3386 articles of which 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. In a meta-analysis of eight studies, paternal smoking of > 10 cigarettes per day in the preconception period was found to be associated with an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage, after adjustment for maternal smoking status (1-10 cigarettes per day: 1.01, 95% CI 0.97-1.06; 11-20 cigarettes per day: 1.12, 95% CI 1.08-1.16; >20 cigarettes per day: 1.23, 95% CI 1.17-1.29). Based on five available studies, no clear association was found between paternal alcohol consumption and spontaneous miscarriage. No studies were retrieved that evaluated the association between paternal BMI and spontaneous miscarriage.

Limitations, reasons for caution

Investigating the relation between paternal lifestyle factors and spontaneous miscarriage is challenging and prone to different forms of bias, especially in retrospective studies.

Wider implications of the findings

Awareness of the association between heavy paternal smoking in the preconception period and the risk of spontaneous miscarriage should be raised. More well-designed studies are needed to further investigate the effects of other paternal lifestyle factors on the risk of spontaneous miscarriage.

Trial registration number

not applicable
O-012 Diagnostic strategies
Authors: Macklon N
Published: August 2021

Abstract text

Most discussions of the management of recurrent implantation failure (RIF) will start by expressing the criteria for ‘diagnosis’ of the condition. And here lies our first mistake. Defining RIF as a condition diagnosable in terms of a standard number of embryos transferred without achieving pregnancy suggests that is a medical diagnosis in itself, for which, like other diseases, an optimal treatment strategy exists. But the failure of our field to improve outcomes in patients who suffer RIF suggest that we have approaching the condition wrongly.

RIF is NOT medical disease diagnosed by applying simple clinical criteria. It is a personal experience suffered by patients and which can uncomfortably challenge their doctors. IN order to address the mistake we have made in our approach to RIF, we need to recognise that the condition needs to be recognized in a different way. In practical clinical terms, RIF can be considered to have occurred at the point when the patient(s) and their doctor conclude that further action is necessary beyond the standard work up and treatment approach for IVF.

Our failure to understand what constitutes RIF has also resulted in large and methodologically sound trials of interventions proposed to ‘treat’ RIF missing the target. Based as most have been on the premise that RIF is a disease for which the optimal treatment exists if we can just find it, these trials are largely destined to produce negative results, as those in whom the intervention was effective cannot be differentiated form those in whom it might have caused harm. The resulting ‘zero sum’ requires the study authors to write off the studied intervention as ‘ ineffective’ potentially depriving certain patients of a useful treatment.

So how can we address the therapeutic impasse that we have created?

The answer is surely clear. When our standard best practices fail to result in pregnancy after IVF in a particular patient, we simply need to try to understand why. This requires the classic diagnostic approach: consider RIF a symptom; look for signs that might explain it and order investigations to pin down the cause(s).

So what diagnostic approaches should be applied? In many cases, the embryo factor will already have been subject to considerable scrutiny. When treatment continues to fail, the focus will therefore tend to turn at this point to the patients.

This is where the story begins to look more positive. In recent years it has become clear how active a role the endometrium plays in embryo implantation. As these novel endometrial factors have become elucidated, clinical tests of their function have begun to emerge. While many contributory factors merit investigation when RIF is considered to have arisen, this lecture will introduce the concept of the ‘endometrial diagnostic toolkit’ that promises to enable us to treat RIF on the basis of individual rationale rather than blind hope, and to test the efficacy of targeted rather than blind interventions.

O-013 Therapeutic aspects
O-022 Pro - FET: The future of IVF
Authors: Venetis C
Published: August 2021

Abstract text

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) represents a relatively new but extremely dynamic field of medicine. Throughout its 40 year-old history, there has been a number of paradigm changes, all of which aimed to optimise the efficacy and safety of this technology. This presentation will cover all the scientific developments of the last few years that have now build the case for yet another paradigm change; the transition to predominantly frozen embryo transfers. Emerging knowledge on the effect of the supraphysiological levels of sex steroids, usually present during a stimulated cycle, on the probability of pregnancy combined with new strategies to completely eliminate the occurrence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome represent strong arguments in favour of frozen embryo transfer cycles. Dissociating ovarian stimulation from the embryo transfer, also allows for more intense stimulation, which can likely increase the cumulative live birth rate of a single aspiration and therefore reduce the need for future treatment. All these, combined with the encouraging evidence regarding the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of these pregnancies, render the option of the frozen-embryo transfer cycle quite compelling and a strong candidate as the future standard of care in IVF. This presentation will elaborate on these topics and provide guidance on the optimal strategy for frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles so that the safety and efficacy of IVF are maximised.