bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Social Media in Societal Change: Cases in Finland of Fifth Estate Activity on Facebook
Authors: Sormanen Niina , Dutton William H.
Published: November 2015

The Internet can be used to reconfigure access to information and people in ways that can support networked individuals and enhance their relative communicative power vis-à-vis other individuals and institutions, such as by supporting collective action, sourcing of information, and whistle blowing. The societal and political significance of the Internet is a matter of academic debate, with some studies suggesting a powerful role in creating a “Fifth Estate,” and other studies challenging such claims. Research on this issue has not yet comprehensively focused on social network sites and those operating in a very liberal-democratic context. Based on an embedded case study of Facebook use in Finland, this study focuses on the uses of social media in building communicative power, such as in capacity to foster social movements in ways that conform to conceptions of the Internet’s Fifth Estate. The case study combines qualitative and quantitative methods to examine a sample of 2,300 Facebook pages and their online and offline activities and impact qualities. The results located 27 pages that reached a threshold we established for identifying online social movements with the potential for enhancing their communicative power, with a small minority of four cases appearing to have actualized communicative power. These findings not only reinforce the potential of Fifth Estate activity on social media but also underline the challenges of societal change in this predominantly entertainment-oriented social context. In addition, the study showcases the intertwined process of online and offline attributes affecting societal influence of online social movements.
Privacy Management on Facebook: Do Device Type and Location of Posting Matter?
Authors: Suh Jennifer Jiyoung , Hargittai Eszter
Published: November 2015

People’s information sharing on Facebook often happens through mobile devices allowing for posting from different locations. Despite the potential contextual differences in content sharing, the literature on online privacy management rarely takes into consideration the type of device and the type of location from which people post content. Do these aspects of Facebook use affect how people share information online? Analyzing Facebook posts young adults shared from different devices and different locations, this article examines the effectiveness of users’ privacy management. By comparing the intended audience with the actual audience of each post, we find considerable mismatch between the two despite most participants expressing confidence in their ability to manage their information on the site. Posts that are accidentally shared with “public”—potentially anyone on the web—are more likely to be shared from non-mobile devices. Interview data reveal that this happens despite the fact that most participants consider non-mobile devices more reliable and convenient to use than mobile devices.
Investigating the Effect of Computer-Administered Versus Traditional Paper and Pencil Assessments on Student Writing Achievement
Authors: Laurie Robert , Bridglall Beatrice L. , Arseneault Patrick
Published: November 2015

The effect of using a computer or paper and pencil on student writing scores on a provincial standardized writing assessment was studied. A sample of 302 francophone students wrote a short essay using a computer equipped with Microsoft Word with all of its correction functions enabled. One week later, the same students wrote a second short essay using paper and pencil with access to dictionaries. Mean scores were compared for essays on each medium as well as scores on six specific criteria. There was no significant difference between the overall mean scores on the paper and pencil essays and those written using a computer. Significant differences favoring the paper and pencil essays were seen on the ideas, punctuation, and syntax criteria. A significant difference in favor of the computer written essays was seen on the orthography criterion. Possible practical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Health Care Professional Factors Influencing Shared Medical Decision Making in Korea
Authors: Jo Kae-Hwa , An Gyeong-Ju , Lee Hong Seon
Published: November 2015

Till date, the medical decision-making process in Korea has followed the paternalist model, relying on the instructions of physicians. However, in recent years, shared decision making at the end-of-life between physicians and nurses is now emphasized in Korea. The purpose of this study was conducted to explore how health care professionals’ characteristics, attitude toward dignified dying, and moral sensitivity affect their shared medical decision making. The design was descriptive survey. This study was undertaken in two university hospitals in two metropolitan cities, South Korea. The participants were 344 nurses and 80 physicians who work at university hospitals selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected from January 10 through March 20, 2014 using the Dignified Dying Scale, Moral Sensitivity Scale, and Shared Medical Decision-Making Scale. Shared medical decision making, attitude toward dignified dying, moral sensitivity, age, and working experience had a significant correlation with each other. The factors affecting shared medical decision making of Korean health care professionals were moral sensitivity and attitude toward dignified dying. These variables explained 22.4% of the shared medical decision making. Moral sensitivity and a positive attitude toward dignified dying should be promoted among health care professionals as a part of an educational program for shared medical decision making.
The RN to BSN Transition
Authors: Anbari Allison Brandt
Published: November 2015

Approximately 60% of registered nurses (RNs) still enter practice with an associate’s degree or diploma in nursing (ADN). Due to recommendations to change entry level to practice to the bachelor’s degree in nursing (BSN), there are now more than 700 RN to BSN programs in the United States. The purpose of this qualitative systematic review was to understand more about what occurs when an RN returns to school for a BSN and to develop a model of the transition. The qualitative findings of 19 research reports were included, which translates to approximately 445 RNs’ perspectives on the RN to BSN transition. A visual representation of the RN to BSN transition was also generated. A seamless transition of the RN to a BSN does not exist at this time. The results are useful to nurses, academicians, and health care organizations as they move to meet current recommendations.
Older Adults’ Functional Performance and Health Knowledge After a Combination Exercise, Health Education, and Bingo Game
Authors: Crandall K. Jason , Steenbergen Katryn I.
Published: November 2015

Combining exercise, health education, and the game of bingo may help older adults remain independent. The objective was to determine whether a 10-week health promotion program (Bingocize®) improves functional performance and health knowledge in older adults. Participants were assigned to experimental ( n = 13) or control ( n = 14) groups. The intervention was administered twice per week at two independent living facilities. Pre and postfunctional performance and health knowledge were measured. Mixed between–within subject ANOVA was used to detect differences between groups ( p < .05). Improvements were found in all dependent variables except lower body flexibility, systolic blood pressure, and health knowledge. Adherence was 97.31% ± 2.59%. Bingocize® has the potential to help older adults remain independent by improving functional performance. Statistical improvements in health knowledge were not found, but future researchers may explore modifying the health education component or using a different measure of health knowledge to detect changes.
Identifying Parents Who Are Amenable to Pro-Vaccination Conversations
Authors: Brunson Emily K.
Published: November 2015

While health care providers are often cited as parents’ most trusted source for information and advice about vaccination, parents differ in their level of receptiveness to pro-vaccination conversations. The purpose of this research was to identify points in individual parents’ decision-making processes when parents are particularly open to receiving information and advice from their children’s health care providers. Interview data were collected from 20 mothers and 5 couples. Analysis of these data suggested 3 primary circumstances when parents were particularly open to receiving information and advice: during parents’ initial decision-making, as parents continued to assess vaccination options, and during particular circumstances that prompted parents to reconsider previously made vaccination choices. These results provide a mechanism for providers to identify parents who may be particularly receptive to pro-vaccination conversations. By prioritizing conversations with parents at one of these points, health care providers’ efforts at promoting vaccination may be more effective.
N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine regulates Hedgehog signaling and promotes growth of cortical axons
Authors: Kharebava Giorgi , Rashid Mohammad A. , Lee Ji-Won , Sarkar Sarmila , Kevala Karl , Kim Hee-Yong
Published: November 2015

Axonogenesis, a process for the establishment of neuron connectivity, is central to brain function. The role of metabolites derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) that is specifically enriched in the brain, has not been addressed in axon development. In this study, we tested if synaptamide (N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine), an endogenous metabolite of DHA, affects axon growth in cultured cortical neurons. We found that synaptamide increased the average axon length, inhibited GLI family zinc finger 1 (GLI1) transcription and sonic hedgehog (Shh) target gene expression while inducing cAMP elevation. Similar effects were produced by cyclopamine, a regulator of the Shh pathway. Conversely, Shh antagonized elevation of cAMP and blocked synaptamide-mediated increase in axon length. Activation of Shh pathway by a smoothened (SMO) agonist (SAG) or overexpression of SMO did not inhibit axon growth mediated by synaptamide or cyclopamine. Instead, adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 abolished synaptamide-mediated axon growth indicating requirement of cAMP elevation for this process. Our findings establish that synaptamide promotes axon growth while Shh antagonizes synaptamide-mediated cAMP elevation and axon growth by a SMO-independent, non-canonical pathway.
1H NMR metabolic profiling of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae: potential effects of temperature and diet composition during early developmental stages
Authors: Chauton Matilde Skogen , Galloway Trina Falck , Kjørsvik Elin , Størseth Trond Røvik , Puvanendran Velmurugu , van der Meeren Terje , Karlsen Ørjan , Rønnestad Ivar , Hamre Kristin
Published: November 2015

Marine aquaculture offers a great source of protein for the increasing human population, and farming of, for example, Atlantic salmon is a global industry. Atlantic cod farming however, is an example of a promising industry where the potential is not yet realized. Research has revealed that a major bottleneck to successful farming of cod is poor quality of the larvae and juveniles. A large research program was designed to increase our understanding of how environmental factors such as temperature and nutrition affects cod larvae development. Data on larvae growth and development were used together with nuclear magnetic resonance. The NMR data indicated that the temperature influenced the metabolome of the larvae; differences were related to osmolytes such as betaine/TMAO, the amino acid taurine, and creatine and lactate which reflect muscle activity. The larvae were fed Artemia from stage 2, and this was probably reflected in a high taurine content of older larvae. Larvae fed with copepods in the nutrition experiment also displayed a high taurine content, together with higher creatine and betaine/TMAO content. Data on the cod larvae metabolome should be coupled to data on gene expression, in order to identify events which are regulated on the genetic level versus regulation resulting from temperature or nutrition during development, to fully understand how the environment affects larval development.
Lack of CD2AP disrupts Glut4 trafficking and attenuates glucose uptake in podocytes
Authors: Tolvanen Tuomas A. , Dash Surjya Narayan , Polianskyte-Prause Zydrune , Dumont Vincent , Lehtonen Sanna
Published: November 2015

The adapter protein CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) functions in various signaling and vesicle trafficking pathways, including endosomal sorting and/or trafficking and degradation pathways. Here, we investigated the role of CD2AP in insulin-dependent glucose transporter 4 (Glut4, also known as SLC2A4) trafficking and glucose uptake. Glucose uptake was attenuated in CD2AP−/− podocytes compared with wild-type podocytes in the basal state, and CD2AP−/− podocytes failed to increase glucose uptake in response to insulin. Live-cell imaging revealed dynamic trafficking of HA–Glut4–GFP in wild-type podocytes, whereas in CD2AP−/− podocytes, HA–Glut4–GFP clustered perinuclearly. In subcellular membrane fractionations, CD2AP co-fractionated with Glut4, IRAP (also known as LNPEP) and sortilin, constituents of Glut4 storage vesicles (GSVs). We further found that CD2AP forms a complex with GGA2, a clathrin adaptor, which sorts Glut4 to GSVs, suggesting a role for CD2AP in this process. We also found that CD2AP forms a complex with clathrin and connects clathrin to actin in the perinuclear region. Furthermore, clathrin recycling back to trans-Golgi membranes from the vesicular fraction containing GSVs was defective in the absence of CD2AP. This leads to reduced insulin-stimulated trafficking of GSVs and attenuated glucose uptake into CD2AP−/− podocytes.
Electron Transfer Dissociation of Doubly Charged Ions with Different Cationizing Agents
Authors: Liu Xiumin , Wesdemiotis Chrys
Published: November 2015

Electron transfer dissociation (ETD) studies have been performed on a peptide and a synthetic polysaccharide doubly charged by different cationization agents. The ETD of protonated-sodiated bombesin gave rise to contiguous series of abundant c- and z-type ions that identified the complete sequence. ETD of the doubly protonated peptide produced a different fragment distribution, which also allowed for complete sequence coverage, but the relative intensities of some sequence ions were very small. Collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) of either precursor rendered limited sequence information. ETD of the sodiated-ammoniated pentamer of a starch-derived linear polysaccharide caused extensive fragmentation through cross-ring cleavages that revealed the possible position of a hydroxyethyl substituent on the saccharide ring. In contrast, ETD of the di-sodiated pentasaccharide did not produce a structure-revealing fragmentation pattern. On the other hand, CAD resulted in efficient glycosidic bond cleavages, either directly (from the sodiated-ammoniated precursor) or via multi-stage fragmentation (from the di-sodiated precursor), which indicated that hydroxyethylation occurs randomly at any saccharide repeat unit along the chain. Overall, the use of different cationizing agents complements the information available by using identical charge sites and opens or enhances ETD pathways that unveil valuable sequence or positional information.
Determination of Optical Parameters and Moisture Content of Wood with Visible–Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Haddadi Ataollah , Hans Guillaume , Leblon Brigitte , Pirouz Zarin , Tsuchikawa Satoru , Nader Joseph , Groves Kevin
Published: November 2015

We used the Kubelka-Munk theory equations for calculating the absorption coefficient (Kλ), the scattering coefficient ( Sλ), the transport absorption (σλa), the reduced scattering coefficient [σλs(1 – g)] and the penetration depth (δλ) from visible-near infrared reflectance spectra acquired over thin samples of quaking aspen and black spruce conditioned at three different moisture levels. The computed absorption and scattering coefficients varied from 0.1 mm−1 to 4.0 mm−1 and from 5.5 mm−1 to 10.0 mm−1, respectively. The absorption coefficients varied according to the absorption band, but the scattering coefficients decreased slowly towards high wavelengths. The sample moisture content was then estimated using the partial least squares (PLS) regression method from the Kλ and/or Sλ spectra, and the resulting PLS models were compared to those obtained with raw and transformed [multiplicative scatter corrected (MSC), first and second derivative] absorption spectra. The best PLS models for black spruce, quaking aspen and both species were obtained when only the 800–1800 nm range was used with the raw or MSC spectra. They led to a root mean square error of cross validation ( RMSECV) of 1.40%, 1.09% and 1.23%, respectively, and to a coefficient of determination ( R2CV) higher than 0.94. We also found that the Kλ spectra between 800 nm and 1800 nm can provide PLS models having an acceptable accuracy for moisture content estimation ( R2CV = 0.83 and RMSECV = 2.32%), regardless of the species.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy Model Development and Variable Importance in Projection Assignment of Particle Size and Lobetyolin Content of Codonopsis Radix
Authors: Pan Xiaoning , Li Feiyan , Wu Zhisheng , Zhang Qiao , Lin Zhaozhou , Shi Xinyuan , Qiao Yanjiang
Published: November 2015

Near infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was investigated to simultaneously determine the particle size (physical attribute) and active ingredient lobetyolin (chemical attribute) of Codonopsis radix. Laser diffraction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used as reference methods to determine particle size and lobetyolin content, respectively. Several spectral pretreatment methods were compared, with first derivative combined with nine-point Savitzky–Golay smoothing filter as the best method for establishing the partial least-squares models of particle size and lobetyolin. Then, synergy interval partial least squares (SiPLS) and backward interval partial least squares (BiPLS) were compared. The results showed that BiPLS was the appropriate method for establishing the particle size model; the root mean square error of calibration ( RMSEC), root mean square error of cross-validation ( RMSECV) and root mean square error of prediction ( RMSEP) values were 34.3 μm, 36.1 μm and 29.2 μm, respectively, and the values of Rcal2, Rcv2 and rpre2 were 0.92, 0.91 and 0.94, respectively. The ratio of performance to deviation ( RPD) was 4.1. Meanwhile, SiPLS was the optimal method for establishing the lobetyolin model; the RMSEC, RMSECV, RMSEP values were 0.052 mg g−1, 0.059 mg g−1 and 0.054 mg g−1, respectively, and the values of Rcal2, Rcv2 and rpre2 were 0.87, 0.84 and 0.83, respectively. The RPD was 2.5. According to the variable importance in projection (VIP) scores and the variable selection method of SiPLS, 1210–1296 nm was the second overtone of C–H; 2070–2156 nm and 2242–2328 nm were the combination of C–O, O–H and C–H. Therefore, the results showed that NIR could be used to determine physical and chemical properties simultaneously.
An intronic RNA structure modulates expression of the mRNA biogenesis factor Sus1
Authors: AbuQattam Ali , Gallego José , Rodríguez-Navarro Susana
Published: November 2015

Sus1 is a conserved protein involved in chromatin remodeling and mRNA biogenesis. Unlike most yeast genes, the SUS1 pre-mRNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two introns and is alternatively spliced, retaining one or both introns in response to changes in environmental conditions. SUS1 splicing may allow the cell to control Sus1 expression, but the mechanisms that regulate this process remain unknown. Using in silico analyses together with NMR spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, and UV thermal denaturation experiments, we show that the downstream intron (I2) of SUS1 forms a weakly stable, 37-nucleotide stem–loop structure containing the branch site near its apical loop and the 3′ splice site after the stem terminus. A cellular assay revealed that two of four mutants containing altered I2 structures had significantly impaired SUS1 expression. Semiquantitative RT-PCR experiments indicated that all mutants accumulated unspliced SUS1 pre-mRNA and/or induced distorted levels of fully spliced mRNA relative to wild type. Concomitantly, Sus1 cellular functions in histone H2B deubiquitination and mRNA export were affected in I2 hairpin mutants that inhibited splicing. This work demonstrates that I2 structure is relevant for SUS1 expression, and that this effect is likely exerted through modulation of splicing.
Examining Fuel Use in Antiquity: Archaeobotanical and Anthracological Approaches in Southwest Asia
Authors: Smith Alexia , Dotzel Krista , Fountain Joyce , Proctor Lucas , Von Baeyer Madelynn
Published: November 2015

This article considers the study of wood and dung fuel use in antiquity across Southwest Asia by anthracologists and archaeobotanists. In recent years, the socially conditioned nature of fuel use has been highlighted and many scholars are stressing the central importance of fuel to pre-modern societies as on par with subsistence and tool use. By elevating and unifying the study of ancient fuel through anthracological, archaeobotanical, geochemical, and micromorphological studies, detailed insights into cultural practices, decision making, and resource use in the past can be gained. We provide a brief review of studies examining ancient fuel use and reflect on the integration of wood and seed data where seed assemblages are indicative of dung fuel use.
Mortality in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma is increased: systematic analysis of 546 cases with long follow-up
Authors: Ntali Georgia , Capatina Cristina , Fazal-Sanderson Violet , Byrne James V , Cudlip Simon , Grossman Ashley B , Wass John A H , Karavitaki Niki
Published: November 2015

Objective

Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFAs) have a prevalence of 7–22/100 000 people. A significant number of patients suffer from morbidities related to the tumor, possible recurrence(s), and treatments utilized. Our aim was to assess mortality of patients with macroNFA and predictive factors.

Design

Retrospective cohort study in a tertiary referral center in the UK.

Methods

A total of 546 patients operated for a macroNFA between 1963 and 2011 were studied. Mortality data were retrieved through the National Health Service Central Register and hospital records and recorded as standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Mortality was estimated for the total and various subgroups with clinical follow-up data.

Results

Median follow-up was 8 years (range: 1 month–48.5 years). SMR was 3.6 (95% CI, 2.9–4.5), for those operated before 1990, 4.7 (95% CI, 2.7–7.6) and for those after 1990, 3.5 (95% CI, 2.8–4.4). Main causes of death were cardio/cerebrovascular (33.7%), infections (30.1%), and malignancy (28.9%). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that only age at diagnosis remained an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07–1.13, P<0.001), whereas sex, presentation with acute apoplexy, extent of tumor removal, radiotherapy, recurrence, untreated GH deficiency, FSH/LH deficiency, ACTH deficiency, TSH deficiency, and treatment with desmopressin had no impact.

Conclusions

Despite the improvement of treatments over the last three decades, the mortality of patients with NFAs in our series remains high. Apart from age, factors related with the management/outcome of the tumor are not independent predictors, and pituitary hormone deficits managed with the currently-used substitution protocols do not adversely affect mortality.
Expression Differentiation Is Constrained to Low-Expression Proteins over Ecological Timescales
Authors: Margres Mark J , Wray Kenneth P , Seavy Margaret , McGivern James J , Herrera Nathanael D , Rokyta Darin R
Published: November 2015

Protein expression level is one of the strongest predictors of protein sequence evolutionary rate, with high-expression protein sequences evolving at slower rates than low-expression protein sequences largely because of constraints on protein folding and function. Expression evolutionary rates also have been shown to be negatively correlated with expression level across human and mouse orthologs over relatively long divergence times (i.e., ∼100 million years). Long-term evolutionary patterns, however, often cannot be extrapolated to microevolutionary processes (and vice versa), and whether this relationship holds for traits evolving under directional selection within a single species over ecological timescales (i.e., <5000 years) is unknown and not necessarily expected. Expression is a metabolically costly process, and the expression level of a particular protein is predicted to be a tradeoff between the benefit of its function and the costs of its expression. Selection should drive the expression level of all proteins close to values that maximize fitness, particularly for high-expression proteins because of the increased energetic cost of production. Therefore, stabilizing selection may reduce the amount of standing expression variation for high-expression proteins, and in combination with physiological constraints that may place an upper bound on the range of beneficial expression variation, these constraints could severely limit the availability of beneficial expression variants. To determine whether rapid-expression evolution was restricted to low-expression proteins owing to these constraints on highly expressed proteins over ecological timescales, we compared venom protein expression levels across mainland and island populations for three species of pit vipers. We detected significant differentiation in protein expression levels in two of the three species and found that rapid-expression differentiation was restricted to low-expression proteins. Our results suggest that various constraints on high-expression proteins reduce the availability of beneficial expression variants relative to low-expression proteins, enabling low-expression proteins to evolve and potentially lead to more rapid adaptation.
Wide-Ranging Effects of the Yeast Ptc1 Protein Phosphatase Acting Through the MAPK Kinase Mkk1
Authors: Tatjer Laura , Sacristán-Reviriego Almudena , Casado Carlos , González Asier , Rodríguez-Porrata Boris , Palacios Lorena , Canadell David , Serra-Cardona Albert , Martín Humberto , Molina María , Ariño Joaquín
Published: November 2015

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae type 2C protein phosphatase Ptc1 is required for a wide variety of cellular functions, although only a few cellular targets have been identified. A genetic screen in search of mutations in protein kinase–encoding genes able to suppress multiple phenotypic traits caused by the ptc1 deletion yielded a single gene, MKK1, coding for a MAPK kinase (MAPKK) known to activate the cell-wall integrity (CWI) Slt2 MAPK. In contrast, mutation of the MKK1 paralog, MKK2, had a less significant effect. Deletion of MKK1 abolished the increased phosphorylation of Slt2 induced by the absence of Ptc1 both under basal and CWI pathway stimulatory conditions. We demonstrate that Ptc1 acts at the level of the MAPKKs of the CWI pathway, but only the Mkk1 kinase activity is essential for ptc1 mutants to display high Slt2 activation. We also show that Ptc1 is able to dephosphorylate Mkk1  in vitro. Our results reveal the preeminent role of Mkk1 in signaling through the CWI pathway and strongly suggest that hyperactivation of Slt2 caused by upregulation of Mkk1 is at the basis of most of the phenotypic defects associated with lack of Ptc1 function.
Judges’ intervention in witness examination as a cause of omissions in interpretation in the Hong Kong courtroom
Authors: Ng Eva Nga Shan
Published: November 2015

Research on court interpreting has by and large pointed to the court interpreters’ incompetence or otherwise lack of training as the main cause of inaccuracy or non-equivalence in their rendition of the source-language (SL) speaker's message into the target language (TL). Drawing on the authentic data of nine criminal trials from the courts of Hong Kong, this study demonstrates judges’ intervention in witness examination as a cause of omissions in court interpreting. This study is situated in the bilingual Hong Kong courtroom, where the interpreting service in a trial conducted in English is a sine qua non due to the linguistic dichotomy between English-speaking legal professionals and Cantonese-speaking lay litigants. The access of non-English-speaking (NES) participants to utterances produced in English in witness examination is made possible by the interpretation provided in the consecutive mode in open court. This study illustrates how a judge's intervention in the proceedings can lead to omissions and/or a change from the consecutive mode to the more restrictive chuchotage mode of interpreting and discusses how this may impact on the participation status of NES court actors and potentially compromise the administration of justice. It concludes by suggesting solutions to the problems identified.
The constructed voice in courtroom cross-examination
Authors: Baffy Marta , Marsters Alexandria
Published: November 2015

This article examines the evidential and evaluative functions of ‘constructed dialogue’ (Tannen 1989), also called direct reported speech, in the cross-examination of two defendants in a US civil suit. The lawsuit is brought against two detention officers who were on duty when the plaintiff's husband, an inmate at a prison, died from meningitis. The plaintiff's attorney constructs the dialogue of the defendants in an ‘alternate reality’ to suggest what the defendants should have done but failed to do to help, thereby providing evidence for his argument that the defendants acted unreasonably and inviting the jury to evaluate the defendants’ conduct as indifferent and blameworthy. The attorney also imputes dialogue to the defendants and other individuals involved in the case, again providing evidence for his claims and leading the jury to evaluate the defendants’ conduct as morally reprehensible and legally culpable.
Forensic comparison of ageing voices from automatic and auditory perspectives
Authors: Kelly Finnian , Harte Naomi
Published: November 2015

Comparison of non-contemporary speech samples occurs frequently in forensic speaker-recognition cases. While the ageing-related changes in the voice have been well investigated, the effect of ‘vocal ageing’ on forensic speaker recognition has yet to be fully established. In this article, auditory and automatic experiments providing a deeper insight into the impact of ageing on forensic speaker recognition are presented. A listener test investigating the extent to which vocal ageing is detectable by lay listeners is first presented. A test set of 10 males and 10 females, with recordings spanning approximately 30 years per speaker, are taken from the Trinity College Dublin Speaker Ageing (TCDSA) database. Correct detection of ageing in two samples of the same speaker is found to increase from 64% at a 10-year age difference to 86% at a 30-year age difference. Ageing is significantly more detectable in female speakers than male speakers, and female listeners are significantly better at detecting ageing than male listeners. A link between ageing detectability and speaking fundamental frequency is also observed. A forensic automatic speaker recognition (FASR) experiment with ageing speakers is then presented. Given a test set of five male speakers from the TCDSA database, each with multiple recordings spanning 30–50 years, ageing is shown to progressively weaken the strength-of-evidence (likelihood ratios) of same-speaker comparisons. While there is inter-speaker variability in the extent of the ageing effect, instances of erroneous support for the different-speaker hypothesis are introduced for all speakers within a time-lapse of 10 years. The detrimental effect of ageing on the overall FASR system is also illustrated via Tippett plots.
Book Announcements
Authors: Nakane Ikuko
Published: November 2015

Lawrence Solan, Janet Ainsworth and Roger W. Shuy, eds (2015) Speaking of Language and Law: Conversations on the Work of Peter Tiersma

Baudouin Dupret, Michael Lynch and Tim Berard, eds. (2015) Law at Work: Studies in Legal Ethnomethods

Greig Henderson (2015) Creating Legal Worlds: Story and Style in a Culture of Argument

Susan Šar?evi?, ed. (2015) Language and Culture in EU Law: Multidisciplinary Perspectives

Gavin Oxburgh, Trond Myklebust, Tim Grant and Rebecca Milne, eds. (2015) Communication in Investigative and Legal Contexts: Integrated Approaches from Forensic Psychology, Linguistics and Law Enforcement

Grzegorz Zadora, Agnieszka Martyna, Daniel Ramos and Colin Aitken (2014) Statistical Analysis in Forensic Science: Evidential Values of Multivariate Physicochemical Data
SOUND AT THE END OF THE WORLD AS WE KNOW IT
Authors: Murphie Andrew
Published: November 2015

This article gives a detailed description of Deleuze and Guattari's theory of the refrain and argues its usefulness for an understanding of popular music. This is followed by an application of Deleuze and Guattari's theory of the refrain to a specific, and problematic, attempt at territorial formation and deformation - the appearance of Australian expatriate independent music emblem, Nick Cave, in the German auteur Wim Wenders' 1987 film Wings of Desire.)
Inflammatory pseudotumor of the hip: a complication of arthroplasty to be recognized by the radiologist
Authors: Vilas Boas Raquel de Melo Santos , Madeira Ivana Andrade , Lopes Alexia Abuhid , Paiva Edson Barreto , Rodrigues André Soares
Published: November 2015

AbstractSoft tissue complications following hip arthroplasty may occur either in cases of total hip arthroplasty or in hip resurfacing, a technique that has become popular in cases involving young patients. Both orthopedic and radiological literatures are now calling attention to these symptomatic periprosthetic soft tissue masses called inflammatory pseudotumors or aseptic lymphocytic vasculites-associated lesions. Pseudotumors are associated with pain, instability, neuropathy, and premature loosening of prosthetic components, frequently requiring early and difficult reoperation. Magnetic resonance imaging plays a relevant role in the evaluation of soft tissue changes in the painful hip after arthroplasty, ranging from early periprosthetic fluid collections to necrosis and more extensive tissue damage.
Spontaneous rupture of ovarian cystadenocarcinoma: pre- and post-rupture computed tomography evaluation
Authors: Salvadori Priscila Silveira , Bomfim Lucas Novais , von Atzingen Augusto Castelli , D'Ippolito Giuseppe
Published: November 2015

AbstractEpithelial ovarian tumors are the most common malignant ovarian neoplasms and, in most cases, eventual rupture of such tumors is associated with a surgical procedure. The authors report the case of a 54-year-old woman who presented with spontaneous rupture of ovarian cystadenocarcinoma documented by computed tomography, both before and after the event. In such cases, a post-rupture staging tends to be less favorable, compromising the prognosis.
Ultrasound scan as a potential source of nosocomial and cross-infection: a literature review
Authors: Miyague André Hadyme , Mauad Fernando Marum , Martins Wellington de Paula , Benedetti Augusto César Garcia , Ferreira Ana Elizabeth Gomes de Melo Tavares , Mauad-Filho Francisco
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe authors review the main concepts regarding the importance of cleaning/disinfection of ultrasonography probes, aiming a better comprehension by practitioners and thus enabling strategies to establish a safe practice without compromising the quality of the examination and the operator productivity. In the context of biosafety, it is imperative to assume that contact with blood or body fluids represents a potential source of infection. Thus, in order to implement cleaning/disinfection practice, it is necessary to understand the principles of infection control, to consider the cost/benefit ratio of the measures to be implemented, and most importantly, to comprehend that such measures will not only benefit the health professional and the patient, but the society as a whole.
Study of the skin anatomy with high-frequency (22 MHz) ultrasonography and histological correlation
Authors: Barcaui Elisa de Oliveira , Carvalho Antonio Carlos Pires , Piñeiro-Maceira Juan , Barcaui Carlos Baptista , Moraes Heleno
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe present essay is aimed at getting the radiologist familiar with the basic histological skin structure, allowing for a better correlation with sonographic findings. A high-frequency (22 MHz) ultrasonography apparatus was utilized in the present study. The histological analysis was performed after the skin specimens fixation with formalin, inclusion in paraffin blocks and subsequent staining with hematoxylin-eosin. The authors present a literature review showing the relationship between sonographic and histological findings in normal cutaneous tissue, and discuss the technique for a better performance of the sonographic scan. High-frequency ultrasonography is an excellent tool for the diagnosis of different skin conditions. However, as this method is operator-dependent, it is crucial to understand the normal skin structure as well as the correlation between histological and sonographic findings.
Solutions in radiology services management: a literature review
Authors: Pereira Aline Garcia , Vergara Lizandra Garcia Lupi , Merino Eugenio Andrés Díaz , Wagner Adriano
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjective:The present study was aimed at reviewing the literature to identify solutions for problems observed in radiology services.Materials and Methods:Basic, qualitative, exploratory literature review at Scopus and SciELO databases, utilizing the Mendeley and Illustrator CC Adobe softwares.Results:In the databases, 565 papers – 120 out of them, pdf free – were identified. Problems observed in the radiology sector are related to procedures scheduling, humanization, lack of training, poor knowledge and use of management techniques, and interaction with users. The design management provides the services with interesting solutions such as Benchmarking, CRM, Lean Approach, ServiceBlueprinting, continued education, among others.Conclusion:Literature review is an important tool to identify problems and respective solutions. However, considering the small number of studies approaching management of radiology services, this is a great field of research for the development of deeper studies.
Optimization of OSEM parameters in myocardial perfusion imaging reconstruction as a function of body mass index: a clinical approach
Authors: Barros Pietro Paolo de , Metello Luis F. , Camozzato Tatiane Sabriela Cagol , Vieira Domingos Manuel da Silva
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjective:The present study is aimed at contributing to identify the most appropriate OSEM parameters to generate myocardial perfusion imaging reconstructions with the best diagnostic quality, correlating them with patients' body mass index.Materials and Methods:The present study included 28 adult patients submitted to myocardial perfusion imaging in a public hospital. The OSEM method was utilized in the images reconstruction with six different combinations of iterations and subsets numbers. The images were analyzed by nuclear cardiology specialists taking their diagnostic value into consideration and indicating the most appropriate images in terms of diagnostic quality.Results:An overall scoring analysis demonstrated that the combination of four iterations and four subsets has generated the most appropriate images in terms of diagnostic quality for all the classes of body mass index; however, the role played by the combination of six iterations and four subsets is highlighted in relation to the higher body mass index classes.Conclusion:The use of optimized parameters seems to play a relevant role in the generation of images with better diagnostic quality, ensuring the diagnosis and consequential appropriate and effective treatment for the patient.
Disfunção Temporomandibular segundo o Nível de Ansiedade em Adolescentes
Authors: Motta Lara Jansiski , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Godoy Camila Leal Haddad de , Biazotto-Gonzalez Daniela Aparecida , Martins Manoela Domingues , Silva Rebeca Souza e
Published: November 2015

RESUMOO objetivo do estudo foi determinar a prevalência de sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), segundo o nível de ansiedade de adolescentes da cidade de São Roque-SP. Foi utilizado o Índice de Fonseca para determinar a presença e o grau de severidade da DTM. Para avaliar o nível de ansiedade, foi utilizado o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado. Os participantes foram 3538 adolescentes entre 10 e 19 anos. Os resultados revelaram que 73,3% dos adolescentes apresentavam DTM e 72,7%, apresentavam ansiedade. Foram observadas associações estatisticamente significativas entre a presença de DTM e a presença de ansiedade, mas apenas com o sexo feminino, e correlação positiva, embora baixa, entre o grau de DTM e o nível de ansiedade. Conclui-se que adolescentes do sexo feminino apresentam maior chance de desenvolver DTM que os do sexo masculino, e quanto maior o nível de ansiedade do adolescente, maior a chance de desenvolver DTM.
Escalas de Medida da Percepção da Qualidade do Ambiente Hospitalar - Um Estudo em Unidades de Dor
Authors: Morais Rita , Andrade Cláudia Campos , Bernardes Sónia , Pereira Cícero Roberto
Published: November 2015

RESUMOEste estudo desenvolve e valida duas escalas de medida da percepção da qualidade do ambiente hospitalar: físico e sócio-funcional. Participaram 122 utilizadores de Unidades de Dor Portuguesas. Os resultados de Análises Fatoriais Confirmatórias atestam a validade fatorial da escala de percepção de qualidade do ambiente físico composta por cinco fatores: Conforto físico-espacial, Orientação, Tranquilidade, Vista e iluminação e Temperatura e qualidade do ar; e da escala de percepção de qualidade do ambiente sócio-funcional composta por dois fatores: Relações sociais e organizacionais e Privacidade. Sendo a qualidade do ambiente hospitalar um importante fator para o bem-estar, a demonstração da validade fatorial dessas escalas é útil para o estudo e promoção da qualidade de ambientes hospitalares saudáveis.
Avaliação da Imagem Corporal: Notas Essenciais para uma Boa Prática de Pesquisa
Authors: Neves Angela Nogueira , Morgado Fabiane Frota da Rocha , Tavares Maria da Consolação Gomes Cunha Fernandes
Published: November 2015

RESUMOA pesquisa em imagem corporal no Brasil teve um aumento significativo, marcadamente na última década. Apesar do inegável amadurecimento nas pesquisas atuais, ainda se identificam inconsistências metodológicas na pesquisa em Imagem Corporal, à semelhança do que ocorria no cenário exterior na década de 1990. Este artigo metodológico foca-se na análise de pontos metodológicos importantes que necessitam de atenção na proposição de uma pesquisa. As informações aqui sistematizadas foram recolhidas de artigos científicos e livros focados na pesquisa em Imagem Corporal, assim como de cursos para capacitação de pareceristas em revista especializadas nessa temática. Foram escolhidos quatro tópicos para serem abordados e cada um deles trará apontamentos relevantes para a elaboração, condução e análise dos dados da pesquisa em Imagem Corporal.
Análise Fatorial Confirmatória e Normatização da Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Authors: Faro André
Published: November 2015

RESUMOOs principais objetivos deste estudo foram realizar a análise fatorial confirmatória da Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) e conduzir análises de curvas ROC para a normatização de seus pontos de corte, em uma amostra não-clínica. Os resultados exibiram evidências de validade estrutural da HADS e foram propostas mudanças para os parâmetros diagnósticos da ansiedade (≥7 pontos) e depressão (≥6 pontos). Ao final, destaca-se a necessidade de cautela na interpretação dos escores e decisão diagnóstica, principalmente na mensuração da depressão.
Controle Psicológico Materno e Problemas Internalizantes em Pré-Escolares
Authors: Lins Taiane , Alvarenga Patrícia
Published: November 2015

RESUMOO estudo investigou as relações entre o controle psicológico e o controle comportamental materno e os problemas internalizantes de crianças entre 3 e 5 anos. Participaram 103 mães que responderam ao CBCL e à Entrevista Estruturada sobre Práticas Educativas Parentais e Socialização Infantil. Os resultados revelaram que duas das síndromes que representam o agrupamento de problemas internalizantes, ansiedade/depressão e retraimento, estiveram positivamente correlacionadas ao controle crítico, uma das dimensões do controle psicológico. É possível que o controle crítico materno limite o desenvolvimento socioemocional da criança e o acesso a reforçadores, contribuindo para o surgimento do retraimento e de sintomas de ansiedade/depressão. Discute-se também a relevância de outras variáveis para a compreensão dos problemas internalizantes, como as práticas de socialização emocional.
Desenvolvimento da Compreensão Emocional
Authors: Franco Maria da Glória Salazar d'Eça Costa , Santos Natalie Nobrega
Published: November 2015

RESUMOA compreensão emocional é uma componente-chave da competência emocional, que se tem vindo a constatar ser importante para um melhor entendimento do desenvolvimento infantil. Este artigo faz uma revisão teórica desse construto, situando-o nos estudos sobre inteligência emocional e clarificando a sua definição. Apresentam-se, igualmente, os diferentes instrumentos que existem para a sua avaliação assim como os estudos que trazem evidências sobre o seu desenvolvimento. Concluiu-se que está demonstrada a existência de importantes mudanças na compreensão emocional da criança entre os 18 meses e os 12 anos. No entanto, é ainda necessário: a) reduzir a inconsistência conceptual presente nesse construto; b) determinar o que prediz; c) determinar se o seu ensino tem um efeito desejável no comportamento dos indivíduos.
Efeitos de Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental sobre Fatores de Risco Psicológicos em Cardiopatas
Authors: Gorayeb Ricardo , Facchini Giovana Bovo , Almeida Poliana de Lima de , Siguihura Ana Luisa Magaldi , Nakao Renata Tamie , Schmidt Andre
Published: November 2015

RESUMODiminuir fatores de risco para cardiopatias pode melhorar a qualidade de vida e reduzir a mortalidade e morbidade relacionadas a elas.O presente estudo avaliou a eficácia de uma intervenção cognitivo-comportamental em grupo sobre ansiedade, depressão, estresse e saúde cardiovascular em cardiopatas. Foram avaliados 91 pacientes antes e após participação nos grupos, com entrevistas semiestruturadas, Inventários Beck (Ansiedade e Depressão) e Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp. Coletaram-se medidas fisiológicas para cálculo do escore de Framingham. A participação no grupo resultou em redução dos sintomas de ansiedade, depressão, estresse e melhora do enfrentamento ao estresse. Não houve diferença no escore de Framingham. A intervenção se mostrou eficaz para a redução dos fatores de risco psicológicos nessa amostra.