bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apikasi Fotodegradasi Nanokomposit Arang Aktif Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit/TiO2 Terhadap Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Wahyuningsih Puji , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Yulius Nitra
Published: April 2019

Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengolah limbah cair kelapa sawit adalah menggunakan nanokomposit karbon aktif/TiO2 dengan metode adsorbsi-fotodegradasi. Metode adsorbsi-fotodegradasi didasarkan pada proses adsorbsi senyawa organik oleh permukaan padatan yang sekaligus mampu mendegradasi senyawa organik. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja nanokomposit karbon aktif/TiO2 dalam mendegradasi limbah cair kelapa sawit. Karbon aktif/ TiO2 hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer XRD dan SEM kemudian dilanjutkan pengujian aktivitas fotodegradasi dari sampel karbon aktif/ TiO2 dibawah sinar matahari dengan parameter nilai BOD. Hasil difraktogram sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa nanopartikel TiO2 memiliki ukuran kristalit sebesar 79,6 nm sehingga dapat diasumsikan bahwa partikel tersebut bersifat single kristal. Analisis foto SEM memperlihatkan morfologi partikel TiO2 berupa gumpalan putih yang tersebar tidak merata dipermukaan karbon aktif yang berbentuk batangan berpori dengan ukuran yang tidak seragam. Hasil pengujian aktivitas fotodegradasi menunjukkan bahwa nanokomposit karbon aktif/ TiO2 mampu menurunkan nilai BOD dari limbah cair kelapa sawit melalui mekanisme adsorbsi-fotodegradasi. Nilai BOD dari sampel karbon aktif/ TiO2 secara berurutan adalah sebagai berikut Sampel A (45,30 mg/L); Sampel B (67,65 mg/L), Sampel C (22,95 mg/L), Sampel D (22,95 mg/L) dan Sampel E (0,60 mg/L).
Chemical Analysis of Environmental Conditions of Seaweed Culture In Pulo Raya, Kabupaten Aceh Jaya, Aceh Province
Authors: Harahap Muhammad Ridwan
Published: April 2019

Research has been carried out on the analysis of the environmental conditions of seaweed cultivation in the Pulo Raya area of Aceh Jaya Regency, Aceh Province. Aceh Province is the westernmost province of the Indonesian archipelago. Geographically, Aceh is a peninsula area of the island of Sumatra which is directly bordered by the Indian Ocean so that Aceh has several small islands. With this condition, it has the potential to be used as a place for seaweed cultivation. An analysis of environmental conditions is needed to produce good quality seaweed. Examination parameters include pH, temperature, heavy metal content, COD and salinity. Sample examination is carried out based on Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) No. 7578.1: 2010 and Decree of the Minister of Environment (KemenLH) No. 51: 2004. The results obtained showed a pH level of 6.22; temperature of ± 28 oC; levels of lead metal ions (Pb (II)) 0.001 ppm and copper (Cu (II) metal ions of 0.002 ppm; The COD level is 137 ppm and the salinity level is 28.75 ppm. With the results of the chemical analysis obtained, the Pulo Raya area is feasible to become a seaweed cultivation area.
Analisis Tata Letak Fasilitas Kerja Pada Proses Pembuatan Rumah Boneka Dengan Pekerja Penyandang Disabilitas
Authors: Perdana Surya , Tiara Tiara , Dewanti Galuh Krisna , Syafa’atun Syafa’atun
Published: April 2019

The layout of the factory is the main foundation in the industrial world, in this study there are problems in the production process of doll houses where most of the workers are persons with disabilities. At the production station, there is a long distance between the material work station, which results in an increase in transfer costs and the amount of production output produced. The method used in this study is a flow diagram and map of the operation process. This method is used to determine the flow of the production process from the beginning of the raw material to the process of checking the finished product. This study uses ARC to be able to find out the relationship of each work station and find out the reasons for each work station. The flow of the production process of doll houses in the company still needs to be improved. Because between a work station and other work stations it is not regular according to the flow of the production process. Based on the results of research on dollhouse production it was found that the amount of transportation between each work station and warehouse resulted in wasteful production time. It was concluded that there is a critical path, namely the path of the Raw warehouse to the cuttting machine. There is a flow that is too long/far, namely cutting machine to Pattern, pattern path to Jigsaw 1, and the Jigsaw path to Forging.
Lingkungan Usaha yang Mendukung Transformasi Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Wibowo Tri Joko
Published: April 2019

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 raises threats and opportunities for innovation for entrepreneurs. The competitive environment in this era is collaboration between business people and sharing economy. The success of an entrepreneur in managing the business of MSMEs is largely determined by many things. Support from various stakeholders is needed so that the SME business environment can be created in accordance with the competitive situation in the industrial era 4.0. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a review literature to find out how to encourage and transform MSMEs to be able to take advantage of the industrial era 4.0. The literature study was conducted to find out the critical factors faced by MSMEs to be able to compete in the era of industrial revolution 4.0. Various information is collected from journal searches with a search engine (google) and various up-to-date online news. Information is obtained that critical factors can be categorized into internal and external. Internal critical factors in the form of information technology adoption capabilities (big data & e-commerce) and changes in mindset & business competencies from aspects of business strategy, culture and business processes. External critical factors include government regulations both legal, IT and business infrastructure and market competition with fellow business people. Success in managing these critical factors will directly impact the performance of entrepreneurs in managing MSMEs and indirectly to the economy. These relationships are shown in the form of a business environment model.
Analisis Dimensi Kualitas Pelayanan Televisi Berlangganan
Authors: Simarmata Rorio Gomgom
Published: April 2019

Broadcasting technology in a telecommunication company (TV) on continues to evolve along with the development of information and communication technology (ICT). Today's technological developments have grown rapidly and become more complex. The companies that do not bring innovation and the differentiation of their products will be left out of competitors in the same field. Users are exposed to a variety of products on the market that they may choose. How a company can grow in the midst of market competition depends on its ability to satisfy its customers. This study aims to analyze the achievements of pay TV companies in Indonesia from the point of view of customers, which is from satisfaction with product quality and quality of service. Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) is conducted to determine the status of indicators related to product and service quality to provide input to management in taking strategic steps. The results reveal that enhancement priorities are attractive design properties, following the latest trends, Resistance to intervention factors (weather), Variations in the channel given, The employee's progress in the repair visit, The employee’s speed in responding to request customer.
Impact of Difficulties Faced by Adolescents in Making Career Decision on their Mental Health
Authors: Khan Ayesha , Rehman Adeela
Published: April 2019

This research aimed to explore the impact of difficulties faced by adolescents in making a career decision on their mental health. The objective of the research was to explore the factors affecting career decision making and to explore the psychological effect of career decision making difficulties. A quantitative research design was used to collect data through online survey by random sampling method in which a sample of 70 adolescents aged between 18-24 both male (28) and female (42) were collected from Rawalpindi, Pakistan and then analyzed on SPSS. A correlation (p: .002) was found between career indecisiveness and mental health. Independent T test result suggested that gender difference exists with respect to career indecisiveness indicating a value of p to be .01, while one way ANOVA indicated a value of p to be .382, showing that no significant difference exist with respect to respondents age. A chi square result indicated the factors affecting career decision making to be parental (p: .000) and peer pressure (p: .002) and indicated that career decision making time period is stressful for adolescents who feel difficulty in making a career decision (p: .000) indicating a psychological effect. Thus, the hypothesis was proved that adolescents face career decision making difficulties which negatively impact their mental health and it is recommended that they should be given career guidance to help them out in exploring what they really want to do in their lives instead of making a wrong career and regretting it later.
The Effect of Content Marketing on Decision Making of Graduate School of Business Administration in Thailand
Authors: Rojanadilok Thanisorn , Daraviroj Viroj
Published: April 2019

This study was an investigation of undergraduate student use content marketing to decision to study in the graduate school of business administration in Chonburi, Thailand. The graduate education prepares students for research in professional program.In2019, there is a lot of connection among people through the use of information and can leverage social media marketing to enhance their programs. The performance of the workplace offers the persons who graduate in graduate education level. The educators need content marketing to decision making to study in graduate school of business administration in Thailand. This study was qualitative research by In-depth interview of 30 bachelor degreeâ€™s people which three people from each district in Chonburi, Thailand. The research has significant in the websiteâ€™s content, and facebookâ€™s content of graduate school of business administration. The factors influence to apply to study in master and doctoral degree were the graduation programs, cost of attendance, graduation degree, location of the campus, university reputation, alumni, and current students opinion to graduate school.
Does Compensation & Benefits Matters to Working Women to Perform Well? A Case of Public School Teachers
Authors: Saif Amir , Amir Maira , Hussain Fawad
Published: April 2019

Pakistan is a developing country and with the changing global trend, technological advancement and human development are taking place. As we know that training and development is a constant growing process which keeps improving the excellence of employees. In education sector training, development and continuous learning play an important role. Teachers spend their lives grooming our children, youth and shaping our generations. Education is the key element for the success of any society. But unfortunately, there are various reasons why the quality of learning and competency level in the Public sector is not up to the benchmark both for students and teachers in Pakistan. According to report 2015-16 of Pakistan education institution of statistics the total primary schools is 145829 of 145, in which is 125573 is public primary school. On the other hand, as per education statistics there are a total of 422,797 primary school teachers of which 324,561 (77%) represents the public sector With such a huge contribution of public schools, there is a great room of improvement for teacher particularly their educational capability to deliver, then only a gradual change can be seen in the long run. The aim of the study is investigating the relationship between training and development, work engagement and women public teachersâ€™ performance. This study also examines compensation & benefits as a moderating variable. This study has used a total of 220 samples to analyze the data. The study has used Smart PLS and SPSS 22 statistical technique to analyze the data. This study used a quantitative method, in which data collected from working women (public school teachers) in Multan, Lodhran, Khanewal, and Vehari cities of the province Punjab in Pakistan. The findings have concluded that there is a significant relationship between training & development, work engagement and employee performance. However, compensation & benefits do not found to be a moderating variable. This research will be helpful for women public teacherâ€™s related issue to training, work engagement, compensation, and benefits. The study recommends this problem could be resolved by considering some basic measures such as appropriate government policy for public teachers training and development, foolproof accountability system, education quality assessment. Injecting latest talent in the education system, international competitive pay scale, and merit-based transparent hiring process and believe that only education can change our childrenâ€™s future.
Fabrication, dielectric and electrical characteristics of 0.94 (BI0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.06 BaTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Hajra Sugato , Pradhani Neeha , Choudhary Ram , Sahoo Sushrisangita
Published: April 2019

In the present paper, high temperature synthesis was used to prepare the
complex electronic system 0.94 (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.06 BaTiO3 (BNT-BT-6). The
relationship between the structure and electrical properties have been
presented. The crystal data (i.e. unit cell dimensions and tetragonal crystal
system) was obtained by preliminary structural analysis using room
temperature X-ray diffraction spectra. The unequally distributed and densely
packed ceramics were observed in the SEM micrograph of the sintered sample.
The vibrational modes of BNT-BT-6 system using room temperature Raman and
FT-IR spectra were reported. Temperature and frequency dependent dielectric
parameters of BNT-BT-6 exhibit the shift in transition temperature,
enhancement of dielectric constant and decrease in dissipation factor of BNT
on the addition of BT even in a small amount. Analysis of the frequency and
temperature dependent electrical modulus and impedance data of the system
shows that the material follows non-Debye type of dielectric relaxation
process. The overview of grain effect on the capacitive and resistive
characteristics of the BNT-BT-6 material was studied experimentally from the
Nyquist plots. Analysis of conductivity spectra was used to calculate
activation energy and determine the electrical transport mechanism of the
material.
Lead-free potassium sodium niobate piezoceramics for high-power ultrasonic cutting application: Modelling and prototyping
Authors: Akça Erdem , Yılmaz Hüseyin
Published: April 2019

The motivation of this study was design, fabrication and characterization of
bolt-clamped Langevin type transducers (BLT) from lead-free K0.5Na0.5NbO3
(KNN) based piezoceramics for high-power ultrasonic cutting applications.
Hard and lead-free KNN piezoceramics was obtained by adding K4CuNb8O23 (KCN)
together with ZnO and SnO2. Densification and high-power characteristics of
KNN-KCN piezoceramics were enhanced in the presence of ZnO and SnO2. BLTs
made from hard PZT4 (commercial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3) or Zn,Sn co-doped KNN-KCN
piezoceramic rings (KNN-KCN-ZnSn) were modelled through ATILA finite element
analysis software package. Simulated and experimentally measured impedance
spectra, resonance modes and harmonic analysis results of BLTs were compared
with each other. Longitudinal vibration displacement at the tip of the horns
of BLTs at approximately 30 kHz was measured via photonic sensor device to
compare their performances. At the end, based on the simulation and
experimental results, a prototype ultrasonic cutting device was fabricated
from lead-free KNN-KCN-ZnSn piezoceramic rings. Its cutting action on both
plastic and ceramic materials was demonstrated for the first time. In
summary, it was found that a hard KNN-KCN based lead-free piezoceramics were
good potential replacements for their lead-based counterparts for commercial
high-power BLT applications.
Follow-up dental examination a day after apicoectomy using the store-and-forward method
Authors: Miladinovic Milan , Zivkovic Dusan , Zivkovic Milan , Lazic Zoran , Karanovic Andrijana , Mihailovic Djordje , Sehalic Meliha , Duka Milos
Published: April 2019

Background/Aim. Although apicoectomy is performed routinely and yields excellent results, a close patient observation during the postoperative course is desirable in order to avoid possible complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the adequacy of postoperative control visits a day after surgery using the store-and-forward telemedicine method compared to the clinical in-person controls. Methods. A total of 122 apicoectomies were performed during 115 dental surgery interventions. The follow-up dental ex-amination a day after apicoectomy consisted of reviewing extraoral and intraoral photographs on the internet and re-viewing responses to the questionnaire. After that, patients were examined in-person. Cohen?s kappa (?store-and-forward? method) coefficient, diagnostic sensitivity (SE), sensitivity (SP), and efficiency (EFF) were determined. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Z-test, and nonparametric characteristics were tested using McNemar?s ?2-test at the statistical significance cut-off value of p = 0.05. Results. There were 106 (92%) patients seen at the control dental examination. The agreement between in-person and store-and-forward telemedicine method was found in 104 (98%) cases. The obtained agreement values (K = 0.85, S = 0.99, SP = 0.86, EFF = 0.98) indicated an almost complete diagnostic agreement. Conclusion. Based on the internet transmission of patients? digital photographs and ac-companying patient medical history records, the study showed that the in-person control dental examinations a day after surgery can be successfully replaced with the remote store-and-forward method of telemedicine.
Database analysis of oral atropine treatment of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. A ten-year single center experience
Authors: Vujovic Dragana , Lukac Marija , Sretenovic Aleksandar , Pejanovic Jelena , Jovanovic Branislav , Pavicevic Polina , Krstajic Tamara , Trajkovic Goran , Pavlovic Vedrana , Toplicic Djordje , Sindjic-Antunovic Sanja
Published: April 2019

Background/Aim. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is the most common cause of surgery in newborns and young infants. Conservative treatment of IHPS is of great importance because it spares the newborn from stress caused by surgery and general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various oral administration regimens of atropine on its efficacy in treating IHPS. Methods. The study included 45 patients with IHPS, conservatively treated by atropine sulfate in the period from 2006 to 2016. Clinical examination, laboratory analysis, and ultrasonography were performed on all patients on admission. The efficacy of treatment with different oral dosage regimens was analyzed and potential predictive factors of the negative outcome were defined. The evaluation of the success of the treatment was statistically analyzed by the method of the multivariate logistic regression model. Results. Out of 45 patients, 36 (80%) were successfully cured (p = 0.0008, without the need for surgery and without any complications. Gender prevalence, age, birth weight, body weight on admission, duration of symptoms, pyloric muscle thickness, and length had no statistically significant individual effect on the success of the atropine treatment. Patients who received a progressively increased dose of atropine had an 18 times higher risk of surgery, patients with hypochloremic alkalosis (HCA) had a 15 times higher risk, while others, with more than 5 vomitings within the first three days of the therapy, were 9 times more likely to be surgically treated. Conclusion. High success rate and no side effects represent an orally administered atropine treatment as a valid alternative choice for non-operative management of IHPS. Administration of initially high doses was shown to be more effective in relation to gradually increased oral doses of atropine sulfate. HCA and continued vomiting are considered as potential predictive factors of negative outcomes of the atropine treatment.
Trisomy 21 Is a Cause of Permanent Neonatal Diabetes That Is Autoimmune but Not HLA Associated
Authors: Johnson Matthew B. , De Franco Elisa , Greeley Siri Atma W. , Letourneau Lisa R. , Gillespie Kathleen M. , Wakeling Matthew N. , Ellard Sian , Flanagan Sarah E. , Patel Kashyap A. , Hattersley Andrew T. ,   International DS-PNDM Consortium, De los Santos Miguel Angel , Del Águila Carlos Manuel , Rómulo de Lama Luis , Nuñez Oswaldo , Chávez Eliana Manuela , Espinoza Oscar Antonio , Pinto Paola Marianella , Calagua Martha Rosario , Deeb Asma , O’Riordan Stephen M.P. , Çetinkaya Semra , Ribicic Rebeka , Stipancic Gordana , Rodda Christine , Harrison Leonard C. , Steck Andrea , Voorhoeve Paul G. , AlYahyaei Mouza , AlSinani Aisha , AlAzkawi Hanan , AlBadi Mariyam
Published: April 2019

Identifying new causes of permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM) (diagnosis <6 months) provides important insights into β-cell biology. Patients with Down syndrome (DS) resulting from trisomy 21 are four times more likely to have childhood diabetes with an intermediate HLA association. It is not known whether DS can cause PNDM. We found that trisomy 21 was seven times more likely in our PNDM cohort than in the population (13 of 1,522 = 85 of 10,000 observed vs. 12.6 of 10,000 expected) and none of the 13 DS-PNDM patients had a mutation in the known PNDM genes that explained 82.9% of non-DS PNDM. Islet autoantibodies were present in 4 of 9 DS-PNDM patients, but DS-PNDM was not associated with polygenic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D). We conclude that trisomy 21 is a cause of autoimmune PNDM that is not HLA associated. We propose that autoimmune diabetes in DS is heterogeneous and includes coincidental T1D that is HLA associated and diabetes caused by trisomy 21 that is not HLA associated.
Surface evenness control of laser solid formed thin-walled parts based on the mathematical model of the single cladding layer thickness
Authors: Wang Jun-Hua , Han Fu-Zhu , Ying Wei-Sheng
Published: April 2019

Laser solid forming (LSF) is a new type of advanced manufacturing technology, which can achieve the rapid fabrication of complicated metallic components with high performance. Multitudinous parameters that need to control in the LSF process make it difficult to accomplish the parameters optimization successfully. Once the unsuitable process parameters are set, it is very easy to produce corrugated surfaces during the LSF process. In order to realize the surface evenness control of thin-walled parts, the authors have established a mathematical analytical model to reflect the correlation relationship between the single cladding layer thickness and input process parameters. The novelty of this model is that a relationship between the single cladding layer thickness and input process parameters was first established. The results show that the single cladding layer thickness is mainly determined by the parameters, such as powder feed rate, defocusing amount, carrier gas velocity, laser beam spot, and scanning speed. Finally, the theoretical calculation results were verified via a series of experiments, and a practical application example of the model in the surface evenness control of thin-walled parts was given. The theoretical calculation results of the single cladding layer thickness correlate well with the experimental results.
Computational methods for laser safety analysis
Authors: Marshall Wesley J.
Published: April 2019

Laser hazard evaluation involves comparing potential laser exposure to maximum permissible exposure (MPE). Irradiance and radiant exposure of a laser beam can be determined from knowledge of the emitted power, energy per pulse, beam dimensions, and beam profile; however, irradiance and radiant exposure are averaged over the limiting aperture when comparing these values to the MPE. Hazard classification is determined by the power or energy per pulse transmitted by apertures for both unaided and optically aided viewing conditions. Methods are provided for precise calculation of the laser emission transmitted by apertures for laser beams with a variety of shapes, dimensions, and profiles. These methods also provide consistency in calculating average irradiance or radiant exposure, which should prove valuable, in addition to measurements, for hazard evaluation and classification.
PEDAGOGICAL BASES OF FORMATION OF ECONOMIC CULTURE
Authors: Mamanazarov Abdukhakim
Published: April 2019

A modern type of economic culture or a culture of economic participation presupposes the existence of an “economic man” with his businesslikeness, reasonable perception of innovations and self-discipline, with a developed network of specialized economic institutions. The economic culture of an individual is a reflection of the economic culture of a society. In the process of pedagogical influence it is necessary to take into account the interrelation of the public and the individual in the development of economic consciousness and the formation of the economic behavior of the individual, taking into account the components and criteria of the economic culture of the individual.
EXEGESIS OF THE REASONS FOR THE RAPID GROWTH OF ENTITIES PROVIDING PROFESSIONAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE
Authors: Wiatrowski Jacek , Nowicka Anna
Published: April 2019

The exegesis, which had been taken  clearly proves about the abrupt growth of entities providing professional legal assistance. Such tendency has permanent character, confirms the thesis that there has been a chronic shortage of such services in Poland, while the growth of the number of entities providing legal services certainly enforces price adjustment, increasing the range of beneficiaries of legal aid, however this trend does not correlate with certainty with scope qualitative examination of legal services.
UZBEK POETRY AND THE WORLD LITERATURE IN THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE
Authors: Oripova Gulnoza
Published: April 2019

The issues of creative influence of the world literature on Uzbek poetry and the traditions of the Independence period have been enlightened in the article. The peculiar features of the poetry have been analyzed. A special attention is given to the creative works of Fakhriyor, which are characterized by using pictorial forms and different stylistic means. The poetry of the period of Independence is distinguished both by harmony of western and oriental influence, which illustrates the uniqueness of creations of this period
SOCIAL CAPITAL AND TRUST IN GLOBAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM
Authors: Tkachenko Olena , Kulaga Iryna
Published: April 2019

The approaches to determining the nature of social capital and trust as its basis are systematized, forms of manifestation of the functioning of trust and social capital at different levels are considered, and the role of trust in the formation of social capital in the system of the global economy is explored.
MODELING OF THE ARTISTIC WORLD OF CHILDHOOD IN MODERN ITALIAN LITERATURE ABOUT CHILDREN
Authors: Kushnir Iryna
Published: April 2019

The article investigates the problem of modeling the childhood world in novels by N. Ammaniti "I am not afraid", "You and me", "As God commanded", A. d'Avenia "White, like milk, red, like blood", a history by A. Nanetti "My grandfather was a cherry tree" when the first contact between a child / teenager and the world of adults appears. Identified microdominants for the world of children in these authors: existential measurement of home and family (N. Ammaniti, A. Nanetti), father-son relations (N. Ammaniti), categorical coloring of the childhood world and seeking oneself (A. d'Avenia), unbreakable unity childhood - adulthood - old age (A. Nanetti). The dysharmony of the world manifests itself in the motives of violence, suffering, uncertainty of the child, which makes hero actively seek his place in society and his identity. The subjective narrative "I" of the child reflects the catastrophic attitude of the 21st century, seeks salvation in adults, but finds the strength to resist evil in the world only in its pure soul. It was found: the destruction of the ordered childhood world with positive images of home, father and mother is the reality of the 21st century.
Reflecting on evaluation in public archaeology
Authors: Ellenberger Kate , Richardson Lorna-Jane
Published: April 2019

As heritage professionals, our community-facing projects are embedded in the politics of cultural heritage, and reverberate throughout the communities where we work. The only way to know if archaeological outreach and community engagement are working is to ask stakeholders. Yet undertaking formal evaluation is difficult, with differing expectations and definitions of success, depending on the requirements of funders, the willingness of the participants, and the needs of the practitioners. What do we mean when we discuss successful progress and outcomes for public engagement with archaeology, and how do we analyse these? Are we working towards assessments of our own satisfaction with work done, the satisfaction of the dominant political forms of cultural value, the formal procedures of our funding streams, or the experiential and educational needs of the non-professional with whom we engage?
Russia between Two Systems: Transit from The Atlantic World into the Eurasian- Pacific One
Authors: Bratersky M. V. , Kutyrev G. I.
Published: April 2019

The article analyzes Russia’s policy from the point of view of goals formulated by the government in response to challenges in international politics, economics and security, as well as challenges associated with the threat of losing the status of a great power, maintaining territorial integrity and independence. Russia’s dissatisfaction with the existing order of things – when its interests were not taken into account, and the West did not set any limits for itself, advancing its geopolitical interests –had been growing for a long time, however, most clearly manifested itself in the landmark 2014 when Western sanctions after the Crimean events pushed the Russian authorities and business to more active in the Asia-Pacific.

The authors formulate a number of signs of the new regional order of the Asia-Pacific countries, which may develop into a new international (global) order. This type of system, according to the authors, will be more competitive and less hierarchical, within its framework there will not be a single dominant force or ideology, it will be based on a multitude of centers of power. Such a world order is more attractive for Russia than the unipolar Atlantic order. It will give the country the opportunity to use its own comparative advantages, such as territory, resources, hard power, a fairly rigid political organization and the ability to mobilize resources for strategic purposes. Nevertheless, it is important to understand that the modern non-Western world is still very amorphous, its future contours are blurred, and Asian business is still weakly responding to the Russian “turn to the East”.
Eurasian Economic Union and Integration Process in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Likhacheva A. B.
Published: April 2019

In 2015, Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus formed the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), later joined by Kyrgyzstan and Armenia. The Eurasian Economic Commission (EAEC), one of the key supranational bodies of the Union, received the mandate to conduct all negotiations on trade liberalization, including negotiations on FTAs with other countries, became the main operator of the conjunction of EAEU and One belt One road Initiative (OBOR), – and, thus, an important agent of promoting the interests of member states in the Asia-Pacific region. Moreover, in the future we can expect the expansion of the Commission’s mandate to other areas of international cooperation affecting the economic interests of Russia. In the context of the policy of the Turning to the East that Russia has pursued in recent years, such a redistribution of roles between the national and supranational levels requires further study. However, due to the young age of the association, both in the Russian and foreign literature, we can find relatively few studies on the international role of the EAEU and, in particular, of the EAEC. This article analyzes the Commission’s international tracks with Asian countries that are currently open and attempts to study other formats of international interaction that might involve the Commission in the future according to its current mandate. The results of the study indicate that bilateral tracks remain the dominant ones for the Commission, and the transition to multilateral negotiations within the EAEU-ASEAN or EAEU-RSEP formats can only occur in the medium term. This conclusion has been confirmed by the analysis of open information about the negotiations of the Commission, and a series of expert interviews conducted during the research.
Uji Kinerja Unit Mesin Pasteurisasi Tipe Kontinyu untuk Pengolahan Sari Buah Sirsak
Authors: Suparlan Suparlan , Budiharti Uning , Unadi Astu
Published: April 2019

Soursop fruit is one of the horticultural products that are easily damaged after the maturation process. This fruit is generally consumed in the form of fresh ripe or juice. The quality of the fruit is also very diverse and at harvest time the amount is abundant so the selling price tend to be low. One alternative to increase the added value of soursop fruit which the quality is poor and to extend the shelf life can be done through processing into juice. This study aims to test the performance of continuous type pasteurizer unit which has been developed by the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Engineering research and Development (ICAERD) in the processing of soursop juice on a small scale industry. The pasteurizer unit consists of a mixer, pasturizer, holder, filler, and cup sealer. The process of soursop juice processing includes fruit bunching, skin peeling, burial, mixing and dilution of slurry, fruit juice pasturization, and packaging. The pasteurization process was done at 80 ºC for 5-10 minutes. The pasteurization temperature is achieved at pavor pressure on water heating tube of about 1.0-1,5 bar. Under these conditions the capacity of continuous type pasteurizer unit was 160 l/h. The resulting juice has a TPC content on days 0, 7, and 14 after storage was 4.8 x 102, 5.1 x 102, and 1.9 x 103 cfu/g, respectively. The heavy metal content of Cu and Pb were 0.63 and 0.29 ppm, respectively.Keywords: performance test, pasteurizer, continuous type, soursop juice processing, value added product.
Effect of Temperature and Time Storage to pH and Color Changes of Palm Sap (Arenga pinnata Merr) after Tapping
Authors: ANSAR Ansar Ansar
Published: April 2019

Flos masculus at palm can be produced a palm sap after tapping process. Palm sap have quality degradation due to effect environment temperature. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and storage time to changes pH and color of palm sap after tapping. The research samples were obtained from farmers in Pusuk, West Lombok, NTB. The research parameters were observed is changes pH and color of palm sap during storage. The sample of the research was storaged at temperature variation of 10, 29, and 40oC, and then observed each 2 until 10 hour. The results of the research showed the temperature and time storage was affected to pH and color palm sap after tapping. After 10 hour pH of palm sap changed from 7.0 to 2.6 at temperature of 40oC, 4.8 at temperature of 29oC, and 6.6 at temperature of 10oC. Palm sap which storage at temperature 10oC has pH quality decrease is lowest than at temperature of 29 and 40oC. The higher temperature storage, the bigger pH decrease. The pH decreases, the L* and b* values also decrease significantly, but the value of a* does not change significantly at various storage temperatures.
KINERJA SISTEM IRIGASI TINGKAT TERSIER UPTD TRIMURJO DAERAH IRIGASI PUNGGUR UTARA
Authors: Simorangkir Haposan Maditua , Ridwan Ridwan , Kadir M Zen , Amin Mohamad
Published: April 2019

Daerah Irgasi Punggur Utara UPTD Trimurjo merupakan salah satu daerah irigasi yang mengairi sawah fungsional seluas 4.846 ha dari luas baku 6.196 ha.  Seiring dengan perkembangan waktu, kondisi perubahan alam sekitar, dan kondisi sosial budaya ekonomi masyarakat sekitar maka suplai dan kebutuhan akan air irigasi untuk mengairi areal sawah yang berada di Daerah Irigasi Punggur Utara UPTD Trimurjo mengalami perubahan.  Perubahan kondisi jaringan irigasi dan bangunan pelengkapnya berdampak langsung pada debit air yang dikeluarkan melalui jaringan irigasi tingkat tersier.  Berlatar belakang dari permaslahan tersebut maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kerapatan saluran dan bangunan jaringan irigasi, kerumitan jaringan irigasi, efisiensi penyaluran air, dan kinerja sistem irigasi tingkat tersier UPTD Trimurjo dari aspek yang dinilai.  Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode pengumpulan data sekunder dan  data primer.  Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan metode stratified purpossive random sampling.  Sampel yang diperoleh menggunakan metode stratified purpossive random sampling adalah sebanyak 14 sampel dari 85 petak tersier di UPTD Trimurjo.  Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai kerapatan saluran rata-rata sebesar (KS) 70,59 m/ha, kerapatan bangunan rata-rata sebesar (KB) 0,18 Unit/ha, nilai kerumitan jaringan irigasi pada variabel (β) 2,15 ruas/bak bagi dan variabel (θ) rata-rata 810,53 m/bak bagi, dan efisiensi penyaluran air rata-rata sebesar 80,09%.  Hasil perhitungan kinerja sistem irigasi tingkat tersier melalui penilaian setiap aspek baik fisik maupun nonfisik mencapai 84,56 %.  Hasil penilaian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kinerja sistem irigasi pada tingkat tersier di UPTD Trimurjo Daerah Irigasi Punggur Utara sudah sangat baik. Kata kunci:  Kinerja sistem irigasi, Sistem irigasi, Irigasi tingkat tersier,           Trimurjo, Daerah irigasi punggur utara
Invertible Linear Ordinary Differential Operators Represented as a Composition of the Simplest Operators
Authors: Chetverikov V. N.
Published: April 2019

This article is a sequel to the earlier articles, which describe the invertible ordinary differential operators and their generalizations. The generalizations are invertible mappings of filtered modules generated by one differentiation, and are called invertible D-operators. In particular, invertible ordinary linear differential operators, invertible linear difference operators with periodic coefficients, maps defined by unimodular matrices, and C-transformations of control systems are invertible D-operators. C-Transformations are those invertible transformations for which the variables of one system are expressed in terms of the variables of the other system and their derivatives.In the article we consider the invertible D-operators whose inverses are D-operators of the same type. In previous papers, a classification of invertible D-operators was obtained. Namely, a table of integers was associated to each invertible D-operator. These tables were described in a clear elementary-geometric language. Thus, to each invertible D-operator one assigns an elementary-geometric model, which is called a d-scheme of squares. The class of invertible D-operators having the same d-scheme was also described. In this paper, the invertible D-operators whose d-schemes consist of a single square are called unicellular. It is proved that any unicellular operator in some bases is given by an upper triangular matrix that differs from the identity matrix only by the first row. The main result is representation of the arbitrary invertible D-operator as a composition of unicellular operators. The minimum number of unicellular operators in such a composition is equal to the number of squares of the d-scheme of the original D-operator. As in previous papers, the used method is based on the description of d-schemes in the language of spectral sequences of algebraic complexes.The results obtained can be useful in the transformation and classification of control systems, in particular to describe flat systems.
Kinetic Methods for Solving Non-stationary Jet Flow Problems
Authors: Frolova A. A. , Titarev V. A.
Published: April 2019

The study of non-stationary rarefied gas flows is, currently, attracting a great deal of attention. Such an interest arises from creating the pulsed jets used for deposition of thin films and special coatings on the solid surfaces. However, the problems of non-stationary rarefied gas flows are still understudied because of their large computational complexity. The paper considers the computational aspects of investigating non-stationary movement of gas reflected from a wall and flowing through a suddenly formed gap. The study objective is to analyse the possible numerical kinetic approaches to solve such problems and identify the difficulties in their solving.

 

When modeling the gas flows in strong rarefaction one should consider the Boltzmann kinetic equation, but its numerical implementation is rather time-consuming. In order to use more simple approaches based, for example, on approximation kinetic equations (Ellipsoidal-Statistical model, Shakhov model), it is important to estimate the difference between the solutions of the model equations and of the Boltzmann equation. For this purpose, two auxiliary problems are considered, namely reflection of the gas flow from the wall and outflow of the free jet into the rarefied background gas.

A numerical solution of these problems shows a weak dependence of the solution on the type of the collision operator in the rarefied region, but at the same time a strong dependence of a behavior of the macro-parameters on the velocity grid step. The detailed velocity grid is necessary to avoid a non-monotonous behavior of the macro-parameters caused by so-called ray effect. To reduce computational costs of the detailed velocity grid solution, a hybrid method based on the synthesis of model equations and the Boltzmann equation is proposed. Such an approach can be promising since it reduces the domain in which the Boltzmann collision integral should be used.

The article presents the results obtained using two different software packages, namely a Unified Flow Solver (UFS) [13] and a Nesvetay 3D software complex [14-15]. Note that the UFS uses the discrete ordinate method for velocity space on a uniform grid and a hierarchical adaptive mesh refinement in physical space. The possibility to calculate both the Boltzmann equation and the model equations is realized. The Nesvetay 3D software complex was created to solve the Shakhov model equation (S-model) for calculations based on non-structured non-uniform grids, both in velocity space and in physical one.
On Singular "Semifocus" Type Point Bifurcations of Piecewise Smooth Dynamical System
Authors: Roitenberg V. Sh.
Published: April 2019

For the processes described by dynamical systems, closed trajectories of dynamical systems are in line with periodic oscillations. Therefore, there is a considerable interest in describing the bifurcations of the generation of closed trajectories from equilibrium when the parameters change. In typical one-parameter and two-parameter families of smooth dynamical systems on a plane, closed trajectories can be generated only from equilibrium – weak focus. In mathematical modeling in the theory of automatic control, in mechanics and in other applications, piecewise smooth dynamical systems are often used. For them, there are other bifurcations of the generation of closed trajectories from equilibrium. The paper describes one of them, which is a typical family of dynamical systems specified by a piecewise smooth vector field on a two-dimensional manifold depending on two small parameters. It is assumed that for zero values of the parameters the vector field has a singular point O on the line of discontinuity of the field, and the point O is stable; in one half-neighborhood of the point O the field coincides with a smooth vector field for which the point O is a weak focus with positive (negative) first Lyapunov value, and in the other half-neighborhood it coincides with a smooth vector field directed at the points of the line of discontinuity inside the first of the semi-neighborhoods. The paper describes bifurcations in the neighborhood of the point O as the parameters change, in particular, indicating the regions of the parameters for which the vector field has a stable closed trajectory.
Finite-element Modeling Irreversible Polarization Process of Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Skaliukh A. S.
Published: April 2019

A finite-element model developed for quasi-static processes describes irreversible processes of deformation and polarization occurring in polycrystalline ferroelectric media due to the effect of intense electric fields and mechanical loads. The paper presents external parameters such as strain and polarization as a sum of residual and reversible parts. Using the incremental theory, the virtual work law, and the constitutive relations for reversible and irreversible components, a system of linear algebraic equations was built for the increments of nodal values of the main variables, namely the displacement vector and the electric potential, during the transition from one equilibrium state to another.

The constructed constitutive relations connect the reversible parts of the strain and polarization with the stresses and the electric field in the form of linear tensor equations. It is shown that the physical characteristics depend on the residual parameters so that the coefficients of elastic compliance and dielectric constant linearly depend on the principal values of residual strain, and the piezoelectric modules depend linearly on the module of residual polarization. The constitutive relations for the increments of the residual parameters are determined as element values for each finite element from the equations in differentials. Ultimately, the task is reduced to a system of linear algebraic equations, the matrix and right sides of which depend on the residual parameters and are determined at each equilibrium state. As a result, the non-linearity of the problem is replaced by solving a sequence of linear problems until the external loads reach their final values.

The model is implanted into a finite-element complex, which allows us to determine the fields of residual strain and polarization, the physical characteristics of a partially polarized body, and local anisotropy for the case of complete and partial polarization.