bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the Chemical Composition of Polyolefins along the Molar Mass Axis with High‐Temperature Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled with an Infrared Detector (HT SEC‐IR5)
Authors: Aboelanin Hamza M. , Deshmukh Subrajeet , Macko Tibor , Arndt Jan‐Hendrik , Podzimek Stepan , Brüll Robert
Published: June 2023

Series of ethylene/1‐alkene and ethylene‐propylene‐diene copolymers are separated with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) at 150°C using 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene as the mobile phase. Methyl (CH3–) and methylene (–CH2–) groups in the separated polymer samples are monitored at specific wavelengths via a filter‐based infrared detector (IR5). It is found that the ratio of CH3/CH2may increase, be constant, decrease or change irregularly along the molar mass axis, depending on the sample under investigation. Because the CH3/CH2profiles may be very different even for a given series of copolymers synthesized with the same catalyst, it is supposed that one or more experimental parameters, which are not strictly controlled throughout synthesis, are responsible for these substantial differences in the chemical composition along the molar mass axis. The correlation between the ratio of CH3– to –CH2– groups and the average chemical composition of the investigated series of polymer samples as well as the reproducibility of the measurements and the limit of detection of the SEC‐IR5 measurements are evaluated. Coupling of SEC with the advanced IR5‐detector enables the convenient and reliable characterization of the chemical composition of many polyolefin materials along their molar mass axis. The monitoring of the chemical composition may help to improve quality of synthesized copolymers.
Gait Analysis in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Passaretti Massimiliano , Maranzano Alessio , Bluett Brent , Rajalingam Rajasumi , Fasano Alfonso
Published: June 2023

Background

Gait analysis objectively quantifies gait impairment in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), may improve diagnosis and evaluation for surgical candidacy.

Objectives

This meta‐analysis aims to understand which objective gait parameters improve after tap‐test (TT) and CSF shunt surgery (CSS), also comparing responders (R) with non‐responders (NR) and to assess if gait restores within the range of healthy controls after procedures.

Methods

Studies enrolling iNPH with at least one instrumented gait measure were selected. Three time points of gait assessment were defined: PRE, POST‐TT, and POST‐CSS. Gait velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, and double limb support time were evaluated. Patients were categorized based on responsiveness to CSF diversion procedures.

Results

Seventeen studies including 527 patients were selected. iNPH improved significantly in almost all gait parameters POST‐TT, and to a greater extent POST‐CSS. Gait parameters consistently discriminated iNPH from healthy controls. Despite the aforementioned improvements, iNPH's gait did not completely normalize after CSF diversion procedures. Meta‐regression analysis also revealed that TT's effect on gait velocity plateaus after 24–48 hr and returns to baseline in 90–100 hr.

Conclusions

Gait analysis is a reliable quantitative instrument to assess gait impairment in iNPH, demarking a net differentiation from healthy controls, according to the notion that the iNPH CSF dynamic alteration also leads to an irreversible damage. Specific gait parameters improve among TT‐R, providing an opportunity to select patients that will respond to CSS. Future studies validating a standardized reporting method including criteria of responsiveness, specific gait parameters, and timeframe of assessment are needed.
Semiconductor industry supply chain productivity changes: Incorporating corporate green performances
Authors: Lu Wen‐Min , Lo Shih‐Fang , Hung Shiu‐Wan , Yo Jung
Published: June 2023

Green supply chain management (GSCM) has been applied by semiconductor firms to ameliorate environmental problems. This study aims to evaluate the green performance of semiconductor supply chains to examine the effect of GSCM. Using the meta‐frontier Malmquist productivity index as the research method, and a sample of global semiconductor firms consisting of three groups, design, manufacturing, and assembling, as research objects, this study evaluates variation in performance while considering environmental variables and disregarding environmental variables respectively, and compares the differences between those two conditions for the whole supply chain and each group in the supply chain. This study discovers no significant differences in both considering and disregarding environmental variables scenarios, productivity of the whole supply chain shows progress. This study found the investment in enhancing technology development as a more important factor in productivity improvement and identifies design as the global leading sub‐industry in the semiconductor supply chain.
A three‐way fan‐shaped power divider as a feed‐network of aperture‐coupled antenna arrays
Authors: Priyalatha P. , Kumari Runa , Nandi Sourav
Published: June 2023

This letter describes a low‐profile three‐way fan‐shaped power divider integrable with aperture‐coupled antenna arrays. Each unit element is designed with a circular cavity‐based eighth‐mode substrate integrated waveguide. For better impedance matching, tapered feedlines are used at the output side. This structure is well suited for aperture‐coupled antenna arrays with a ground plane between the two substrates. The low‐profile power divider offers a 1 dB insertion loss (excluding the ideal power division of 4.8 dB). Magnitude and phase imbalance between output ports is  dB and , respectively. The performance of the power divider is validated by using it as a feeding circuit for an aperture‐coupled array antenna with three circular patches. The antenna array resonates at 10.5 GHz and gives a gain of 4 dBi.
A wideband magnetoelectric dipole antenna for 4G/5G communication
Authors: Zhou Mengli , Xu Yanhong , Wang Anyi , Hou Jianqiang
Published: June 2023

In this letter, a wideband magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna for 4G/5G communication is proposed. The bandwidth of the antenna is greatly enhanced by loading two pairs of metallic circular loops on the planar electric dipole. With the loops, the antenna impedance bandwidth in terms of 10 dB is improved from 48.3% (1.98–3.24 GHz) to 86.8% (1.465–3.71 GHz), that is, 79.7% bandwidth enhancement is achieved. The surface current of the proposed antenna is analyzed in detail. It shows that when the length of the loops approaches half a wavelength, the loops contribute new resonant modes, thereby increasing the impedance bandwidth. A prototype is fabricated and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated counterparts. Meanwhile, the antenna gain ranges from 7.42 to 12.8 dBi across the operational frequency region. Stable radiation patterns with low crosspolarization levels are obtained in both E‐ and H‐plane.
Reconfigurable dipole receive array for dynamic parallel imaging at ultra‐high magnetic field
Authors: Nikulin Anton V. , Glang Felix , Avdievich Nikolai I. , Bosch Dario , Steffen Theodor , Scheffler Klaus
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To extend the concept of 3D dynamic parallel imaging, we developed a prototype of an electronically reconfigurable dipole array that provides sensitivity alteration along the dipole length.

Methods

We developed a radiofrequency array coil consisting of eight reconfigurable elevated‐end dipole antennas. The receive sensitivity profile of each dipole can be electronically shifted toward one or the other end by electrical shortening or lengthening the dipole arms using positive‐intrinsic‐negative‐diode lump‐element switching units. Based on the results of electromagnetic simulations, we built the prototype and tested it at 9.4 T on phantom and healthy volunteer. A modified 3D SENSE reconstruction was used, and geometry factor (g‐factor) calculations were performed to assess the new array coil.

Results

Electromagnetic simulations showed that the new array coil was capable of alteration of its receive sensitivity profile along the dipole length. Electromagnetic and g‐factor simulations showed closely agreeing predictions when compared to the measurements. The new dynamically reconfigurable dipole array provided significant improvement in geometry factor compared to static dipoles. We obtained up to 220% improvement for 3 × 2 (Ry × Rz) acceleration compared to the static configuration case in terms of maximum g‐factor and up to 54% in terms of mean g‐factor for the same acceleration.

Conclusion

We presented an 8‐element prototype of a novel electronically reconfigurable dipole receive array that permits rapid sensitivity modulations along the dipole axes. Applying dynamic sensitivity modulation during image acquisition emulates two virtual rows of receive elements along the z‐direction, and therefore improves parallel imaging performance for 3D acquisitions.
Denoising single MR spectra by deep learning: Miracle or mirage?
Authors: Dziadosz Martyna , Rizzo Rudy , Kyathanahally Sreenath P. , Kreis Roland
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The inherently poor SNR of MRS measurements presents a significant hurdle to its clinical application. Denoising by machine or deep learning (DL) was proposed as a remedy. It is investigated whether such denoising leads to lower estimate uncertainties or whether it essentially reduces noise in signal‐free areas only.

Methods

Noise removal based on supervised DL with U‐nets was implemented using simulated 1H MR spectra of human brain in two approaches: (1) via time‐frequency domain spectrograms and (2) using 1D spectra as input. Quality of denoising was evaluated in three ways: (1) by an adapted fit quality score, (2) by traditional model fitting, and (3) by quantification via neural networks.

Results

Visually appealing spectra were obtained; hinting that denoising is well‐suited for MRS. However, an adapted denoising score showed that noise removal is inhomogeneous and more efficient for signal‐free areas. This was confirmed by quantitative analysis of traditional fit results as well as DL quantitation following DL denoising. DL denoising, although apparently successful as judged by mean squared errors, led to substantially biased estimates in both implementations.

Conclusion

The implemented DL‐based denoising techniques may be useful for display purposes, but do not help quantitative evaluations, confirming expectations based on estimation theory: Cramér Rao lower bounds defined by the original data and the appropriate fitting model cannot be circumvented in an unbiased way for single data sets, unless additional prior knowledge can be incurred in the form of parameter restrictions/relations or applicable substates.
Social and healthcare professionals’ experiences of end‐of‐life care planning and documentation in palliative care
Authors: Kuusisto Anne , Saranto Kaija , Korhonen Päivi , Haavisto Elina
Published: June 2023

Aim

To explore social and healthcare professionals' experiences of end‐of‐life (EOL) care planning and documentation in palliative care.

Design

A qualitative study with narrative methodology.

Methods

A narrative method with interviews was used. Data were collected from purposively selected registered nurses (n = 18), practical nurses (n = 5), social workers (n = 5) and physicians (n = 5) working in palliative care unit in five hospitals in three hospital districts. Content analysis within narrative methodologies was undertaken.

Results

Two main categories – patient‐oriented EOL care planning and multi‐professional EOL care planning documentation– were formed. Patient‐oriented EOL care planning included treatment goals planning, disease treatment planning and EOL care setting planning. Multi‐professional EOL care planning documentation included healthcare professionals' and social professionals' perspectives. Healthcare professionals' perspectives on EOL care planning documentation included benefits of structured documentation and poor support of electronic health record (EHR) for documentation. Social professionals' perspective on EOL care planning documentation included usefulness of multi‐professional documentation and externality of social professionals in multi‐professional documentation.

Conclusion

The results of this interdisciplinary study demonstrated a gap between what healthcare professionals consider important in Advance Care Planning (ACP), that is, proactive, patient‐oriented and multi‐professional EOL care planning and the ability to access and document this in a useful and accessible way in the EHR.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Knowledge of the patient‐centered EOL care planning and multi‐professional documentation processes and their challenges are prerequisites for documentation to be supported by technology.

Reporting Method

The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist was followed.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Influence of weaving parameters on thermal protection performance of gradient3Dwoven composite
Authors: Wang Tongkai , Liang Haoran , Jiang Zuhang , Zhu Mengdie , Li Weijie , Zhang Zhongwei
Published: June 2023

A dual‐scale ablation model was developed to address the lack of research on the influence of weaving parameters of gradient 3D woven composites on the ablation performance. It consists of a mesoscale heat transfer model and a macroscale ablation model, and they are effectively connected by parametric conduction. By comparing with experimental results, the accuracy of the model was demonstrated. The effect of yarn spacing, recession resistant layer thickness on the thermal protection performance of gradient 3D woven composite was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of each weaving parameter on the integrated performance of ablation resistance, thermal insulation and light‐weight level is evaluated. The results show each weaving parameter has a substantial impact on thermal protection performance, with weft spacing and binder yarn spacing being the most significant influence. Reasonable design of these parameters can facilitate the comprehensive performance of composites. These results serve as a useful reference for refinement design of thermal protection materials.
Advance care planning in an interracial dyad: Case illustration of an intervention to improve engagement in end‐of‐life care planning
Authors: McConnell Kelly M. , Rogers Madeline , Prigerson Holly G. , Maciejewski Paul K. , Daly Bobby , Adelman Ronald , Shen Megan
Published: June 2023

Key Points

Prognostic understanding among advanced cancer patients is associated with higher levels of engagement in advance care planning (ACP), preference for comfort over aggressive care, and receipt of goal‐concordant care, but few patients have accurate prognostic understanding.

Talking about Cancer (TAC) is a communication‐based intervention for advanced cancer patients and their caregivers designed to improve shared accurate prognostic understanding.

This case study describes the use of TAC with an interracial friend dyad for whom medical mistrust and experienced bias on the part of the patient significantly impacted interactions with the medical team.

Using TAC strategies, this dyad was able to improve communication with the oncology team and each other and engage in ACP.
Comparing the sequential and the repetitive Cpk sampling plans
Authors: Costa Antonio Fernando Branco
Published: June 2023

The index Cpk was created to quantify the ability of the process to produce products within the upper and lower specified limits (USL/LSL); but in the last two decades, the sample estimator of the capability index Cpk has also been used to decide whether a lot should be accepted or not; if the value of a sample of size n, randomly taken from the lot, is lower/larger than a threshold, then the lot is rejected/accepted. The sampling plan based on the value is known as the Cpk sampling plan. In recent publications, the Cpk sampling plan has been combined with the repetitive sampling scheme. In short, with the repetitive sampling scheme the Cpk sampling plan might be applied m times, consequently, the lot has m chances to be accepted; if the Cpk sampling plan is applied m times and the lot is not accepted, then the lot is finally rejected. The average number of inspected items per lot (ANI) the repetitive Cpk sampling plan (where m > 1) requires to decide whether the lot should be accepted or not is larger than the sample size n of the standard Cpk sampling plan (where m = 1), because of that the repetitive sampling strategy is not recommended. In this article, we propose the sequential Cpk sampling plan where the is compared with two thresholds (c1; c2) with c1 < c2; if the is lower (larger) than c1 (c2), then the lot is rejected (accepted); otherwise, the decision is left to the next sample. The ANI of the sequential Cpk sampling plan is a function of c1 and c2; depending on the choice of these two design parameters, the ANI of the sequential Cpk sampling plan is substantially lower than the sample size n of the standard Cpk sampling plan.
Treatment of STING‐associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy
Authors: Zhao Xiaozhen , Zhang Junmei , Li Caifeng
Published: June 2023

KEY POINTS

The combination of low‐dose cyclophosphamide (400 mg/m2), Tofacitinib and IVIG was effective and safe in the treatment of SAVI.
Sublimation application of 5‐chloro‐2‐mercaptobenzothiazole matrix for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging of mouse kidney
Authors: Yousefi‐Taemeh Maryam , Duli Ergi , Dabija Laurentiu G. , Lemaire Mathieu , Ifa Demian R.
Published: June 2023

Rationale

Sublimation is a solvent‐free technique used to apply a uniform matrix coating over a large sample plate, improving the matrix’s purity and enhancing the analyte signal. Although the 5‐chloro‐2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (CMBT) matrix was introduced years ago, there are no reports of its application via sublimation. We investigated the experimental parameters that are optimal for CMBT matrix sublimation on mouse kidney samples. We also evaluated the stability of the sublimed CMBT matrix under a vacuum environment. Using kidney samples prepared with a sublimated CMBT matrix, we conducted matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) analysis of specific phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol in the positive ion mode and phosphatidylinositol in the negative ion mode). We also explored various spatial resolutions (50, 20, and 10 μm) and performed sequential MALDI–hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.

Methods

The CMBT matrix was applied to kidney samples using a sublimation apparatus connected to a vacuum pump to achieve a pressure of 0.05 Torr. The matrix was then subjected to different temperatures and sublimation times to determine the optimal conditions for matrix application. Subsequently, a Q‐Exactive mass spectrometer equipped with a Spectroglyph MALDI ion source was employed for MALDI‐MSI experiments. Standard protocols were followed for H&E staining after MALDI analysis.

Results

A matrix thickness of 0.15 mg/cm2 yielded high‐quality images. The sublimated matrix exhibited minimal loss after approximately 20 h of exposure to a vacuum of 7 Torr, indicating its stability under these conditions. Ion images were successfully obtained at spatial resolutions of 50, 20, and 10 μm. Furthermore, orthogonal histological information was obtained through sequential MALDI‐H&E staining.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that samples prepared for MALDI‐MSI using sublimation to apply the CMBT matrix yield high‐quality mass spectrometric images of mouse kidney sections. We also provide data for the impact of various experimental parameters on image quality (e.g., temperature, time, matrix thickness, and spatial resolution).
Endobronchial indocyanine green instillation to identify the intersegmental plane for successful segmentectomy
Authors: Lilburn Paul , Kwan Jonathan , Williamson Jonathan , Ho‐Shon Kevin , Azari Mohammad , Wilson Michael , Ing Alvin , Saghaie Tajalli
Published: June 2023

The traditional indications for lobectomy for resectable Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) may be set to change. Recently, anatomical segmentectomy (AS) versus lobectomy as an approach for early‐stage NSCLC has been described in phase 3 randomised controlled trials. The demand for methods to facilitate AS may increase as a consequence. We describe three cases of AS using the combination of endobronchial infiltration of indocyanine green (ICG) to identify the intersegmental plane (critical for the performance of AS), and Computed Tomography (CT) guided methylene blue injection for lesion localisation. The operations were completed successfully demonstrating satisfactory post‐operative outcomes including lesion resection with clear surgical margins and acceptable length of stay. We believe that endobronchial instillation of ICG and CT‐guided methylene blue injection for lesion localisation show promise as a technique to complement parenchymal sparing thoracic oncological surgery.
Estimating the effects of wind loss mitigation on home value
Authors: Awondo Sebastain , Hollans Harris , Powell Lawrence , Wade Chip
Published: June 2023

We empirically estimate the effects of windstorm loss mitigation features on the value of coastal homes using fixed‐effects and spatial regression hedonic models. We use housing data from the “Fortified Home” program, which prescribes and certifies windstorm resilience features for residential property. We test the extent to which Fortified construction and the location of a house relative to the coast act as mitigation complements or substitutes. We find that on average homebuyers located at median distance to the coast pay a 6%–7% premium for Fortified homes, which exceeds the typical cost of building or retrofitting houses to the Fortified standard. Fortified construction and distance of the house from the coast are mitigation substitutes. The premium is highest for homes nearest the coast. Our findings are robust under various specifications of spatial hedonic models.
Exosomes derived miR‐362 exacerbates pneumonia by increasing Interleukin‐6 via targeting VENTX
Authors: Zhang Dongqing , Pan Fei , Zhu Minjie , Li Na , Liu Mei
Published: June 2023

Pneumonia is a condition characterized by lung damage resulting from a robust immune response by the host. While the defense and immunity against bacterial lung infections have been extensively studied, little is known about the specific immune factors involved in the progression of bacterial pneumonia. To address this knowledge gap, our study aimed to compare normal lung tissues with pneumonia tissues using various techniques, including HE staining, RNA sequencing, RT‐PCR, and Elisa assay. Our analysis revealed a significant increase in the levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in pneumonia tissues compared to normal lung tissues. To further investigate the underlying mechanism, we extracted exosomes from both pneumonia and normal lung tissues using ultracentrifugation. The exosomes were then examined using electron microscopy, diameter analysis, and western blot assay. RNA sequencing of the exosomes revealed an upregulation of several microRNAs (miRNAs), with miR‐362 exhibiting the most significant change. This finding was confirmed through RT‐PCR analysis conducted on lung tissues and alveolar lavage fluid. To gain insights into the specific target genes of miR‐362, we employed bioinformatics analysis, which identified VENTX as a potential target gene. This finding was further validated through RT‐PCR, western blot, and luciferase assay. Our experimental evidence demonstrated that miR‐362 regulates VENTX expression, as evidenced by the use of miR‐362 mimics or inhibitors on lung cells. Furthermore, we discovered that exosomes derived from pneumonia tissues upregulate IL‐6 production through the miR‐362/VENTX axis. Importantly, the blocking of IL‐6 generation, which is facilitated by miR‐362 inhibitor and VENTX overexpression lentivirus, can be achieved by treating exosomes. Moreover, we conducted in vivo experiments using pneumonia models. Rats were treated with IL‐6, miR‐362 mimics, or VENTX knock‐down lentivirus. The results demonstrated a worse prognosis for rats treated with these factors, indicating their potential as prognostic markers. Taken together, our study suggests that exosomes facilitate IL‐6 generation by transferring miR‐362, thereby suppressing VENTX transcription. Consequently, the IL‐6/miR‐362/VENTX axis emerges as a promising therapeutic target for pneumonia.
Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogeny and Exploration—Future Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Huston David L. , Gutzmer Jens
Published: June 2023

Although the intent of this book is to provide readers with an overview on the current and past usage of isotopes in the broad disciplines of economic geology, metallogenesis and mineral exploration, some of the chapters highlight future challenges and opportunities for the use of both radiogenic and stable isotopes within these disciplines and more broadly. This concluding section identifies and then discusses how some of these challenges might be overcome and the opportunities that might be realized.
“To Pick Up the Unsaid, and Perhaps Unknown, Wishes”: Reimagining the “True Stories” of the Past in Evelyn Conlon’s Not the Same Sky
Authors: Caneda-Cabrera M. Teresa
Published: June 2023

This chapter approaches Evelyn Conlon’sNot the Same Skyas an imaginative retrieval of a silenced and untold episode of the Irish Famine and looks at the novel as a text that not only translates the past into the present (since it bestows visibility on an unspoken historical event) but also perceptively foregrounds connections between translation, mobility and memory. The chapter suggests thatNot the Same Skyfunctions itself as a “memory site” and, thus, becomes an astute reflection on the complexities attached to events and discourses concerned with the cultural reconstruction of knowledge. In this respect, the chapter argues that Conlon’s novel lends itself to be analysed as an inquiry into the concept of translation and the unsolved ethical dilemmas attached to the debate on voice and voicing which often accompany translational acts.
The Irish Short Story and the Aesthetics of Silence
Authors: D’hoker Elke
Published: June 2023

This chapter investigates the different ways in which the Irish short story can be considered an art of silence. Taking Joyce’sDublinersas an example, it first provides an overview of the strategies of silence used in the modern short story: ellipsis, eclipse and epiphany. While these strategies are a corollary of the short story’s brevity, they also reflect what Susan Sontag called the aesthetics of silence, modern art’s attempt to communicate the unsayable. The chapter then analyses how contemporary Irish short fiction writers, like Moore, O’Brien, Trevor, Kelly and Keegan, have used these strategies to explore silence both negatively—as the result of trauma, tyranny, taboo and secrets—and positively, as a mark of respect and communion—in their works.
Gestaltung qualitätsvollen Unterrichts
Authors: Marusic Claudia
Published: June 2023

Nachfolgend werden Merkmale von Unterrichtsqualität dargelegt, um damit einerseits darzustellen, hinsichtlich welcher Aspekte die Lehrpersonen gefordert werden, um einen guten, qualitätsvollen Unterricht durchzuführen. Andererseits soll der Kontext ausgeleuchtet werden, in welchem Unterrichtsstörungen potenziell auftreten bzw. wie Störungen durch einen qualitätsvoll gestalteten Unterricht verringert werden können. Betrachtet werden zwei systemische Rahmenmodelle und die generischen Basisdimensionen zur Erklärung von Unterrichtsqualität. Da die Basisdimension der effektiven Klassenführung eine wichtige Grundlage eines möglichst störungsfreien Unterrichts darstellt, wird diese Dimension in einem eigenen Kapitel beleuchtet. Schliesslich wird in Abschnitt 3.3 auf die Gestaltung von Unterricht in Settings für personalisiertes Lernen eingegangen, um dadurch diesen spezifischen Kontext für die Produktion sowie Wahrnehmung von und Umgang mit Unterrichtsstörungen zu betrachten. Dieses Kapitel schliesst mit einem Zwischenfazit.
Die Rolle impliziter Wissensstrukturen und Handlungsorientierungen für das professionelle Wahrnehmen und Handeln von Lehrpersonen
Authors: Marusic Claudia
Published: June 2023

Die Anforderungen an das Handeln der Lehrperson sind komplex. Um guten Unterricht umzusetzen, sind facettenreiche, professionelle Kompetenzen notwendig. Kenntnisse über den Ablauf unterrichtlicher Wahrnehmungs- und Handlungsprozesse ermöglichen es Lehrpersonen ihre impliziten Handlungen im Unterricht wahrzunehmen und damit reflektierbar zu machen (Schweer et al., 2017). Im vorliegenden Kapitel wird – nach einer kurzen Einführung in den Diskurs zur Professionalität von Lehrpersonen – zuerst auf die Professionsstandards (Abschnitt 4.1.1) und auf die Dimensionen professioneller Handlungskompetenzen von Lehrpersonen (Abschnitt 4.1.2) eingegangen und damit die Voraussetzungen sowie Anforderungsbereiche an unterrichtliches Handeln näher betrachtet. Danach werden in Übereinstimmung mit dem Fokus dieser Arbeit auf die impliziten Wissensstrukturen bzw. Überzeugungen als Kompetenzfacetten unterschiedliche Zugänge zur Offenlegung impliziter Wissensstrukturen aufgegriffen, die dem Lehrer:innenhandeln zugrunde liegen, (Abschnitt 4.1.3). Abschnitt 4.1.4 schliesst an mit Ausführungen zum Begriff der Handlungsorientierungen, der für diese Arbeit zentral ist. Bevor Handlungen ausgeführt werden, bestimmen Wahrnehmungsprozesse, welche Handlungsbedarfe von den Wahrnehmenden überhaupt erkannt und als notwendig erachtet werden. In Abschnitt 4.1.5 wird deshalb der unterrichtliche Wahrnehmungsprozess von Lehrpersonen genauer beleuchtet. Abschliessend wird die Rolle von Reflexion zur Veränderbarkeit impliziter Wissensstrukturen thematisiert, da dies für die Veränderbarkeit von Umgangsformen mit Unterrichtsstörungen relevant ist (Abschnitt 4.1.6). Auch dieses Kapitel schliesst wiederum mit einem Zwischenfazit (4.2).
Forschungsdesign
Authors: Marusic Claudia
Published: June 2023

Nachfolgend wird deshalb das methodische Vorgehen dieser Arbeit nachvollziehbar dargestellt. Zuerst wird dafür auf die Stichprobe (Abschnitt 6.1) eingegangen, worauf die SUGUS-Studie und die perLen-Studie näher kommentiert werden (Abschnitt 6.2). Danach wird die Datenerhebung anhand des problemzentrierten Interviews dargelegt (Abschnitt 6.3). In einem weiteren Schritt wird das Auswertungsverfahren der Dokumentarischen Methode näher betrachtet, das für die Analysen der vorliegenden Arbeit angewendet wurde (Abschnitt 6.4) sowie die einzelnen Auswertungsschritte im Detail erläutert (6.5). Das Kapitel endet mit einem Zwischenfazit (6.6).
Darstellung der Ergebnisse
Authors: Marusic Claudia
Published: June 2023

Zuerst wird auf die Darstellung der Analysen ausgewählter Fälle eingegangen (Abschnitt 7.1), um anschliessend die sinngenetischen Typen darzulegen (Abschnitt 7.2). Die Korrespondenzanalyse wird in Abschnitt 7.3 vorgestellt. Anschliessend werden Kontextfaktoren zur Erklärung der sinngenetischen Typen vorgestellt (Abschnitt 7.4).
The relationship between genetic liability, childhood maltreatment, and IQ: findings from the EU-GEI multicentric case–control study
Authors: Sideli Lucia , Aas Monica , Quattrone Diego , La Barbera Daniele , La Cascia Caterina , Ferraro Laura , Alameda Luis , Velthorst Eva , Trotta Giulia , Tripoli Giada , Schimmenti Adriano , Fontana Andrea , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Stilo Simona , Seminerio Fabio , Sartorio Crocettarachele , Marrazzo Giovanna , Lasalvia Antonio , Tosato Sarah , Tarricone Ilaria , Berardi Domenico , D’Andrea Giuseppe ,   EU-GEI WP2 Group, Amoretti Silvia , Andreu-Bernabeu Álvaro , Baudin Grégoire , Beards Stephanie , Bonetto Chiara , Bonora Elena , Cabrera Bibiana , Carracedo Angel , Charpeaud Thomas , Costas Javier , Cristofalo Doriana , Cuadrado Pedro , Durán-Cutilla Manuel , Ferchiou Aziz , Fraguas David , Franke Nathalie , Frijda Flora , Garcia-Portilla Paz , González Peñas Javier , Hubbard Kathryn , Jamain Stéphane , Jiménez-López Estela , Leboyer Marion , Llorente Cloe , López Montoya Gonzalo , Lorente-Rovira Esther , M. Díaz-Caneja Covadonga , Marcelino Loureiro Camila , Matteis Mario , Messchaart Elles , Moltó Ma Dolores , Mezquida Gisela , Moreno Carmen , Muratori Roberto , Nacher Juan , Parellada Mara , Rapado-Castro Marta , Ruggeri Mirella , Richard Jean-Romain , Rodríguez Solano José Juan , Sáiz Pilar A. , Sánchez-Gutierrez Teresa , Sánchez Emilio , Schürhoff Franck , Seri Marco , Shuhama Rosana , Termorshuizen Fabian , Tronche Anne-Marie , van Dam Daniella , van der Ven Elsje , Arango Celso , Arrojo Manuel , Bernardo Miguel , Bobes Julio , Sanjuán Julio , Santos Jose Luis , Menezes Paulo Rossi , Del-Ben Cristina Marta , Jongsma Hannah E. , Jones Peter B. , Kirkbride James B. , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Tortelli Andrea , Pignon Baptiste , de Haan Lieuwe , Selten Jean-Paul , Van Os Jim , Rutten Bart P. , Bentall Richard , Di Forti Marta , Murray Robin M. , Morgan Craig , Fisher Helen L.
Published: June 2023

This study investigated if the association between childhood maltreatment and cognition among psychosis patients and community controls was partially accounted for by genetic liability for psychosis. Patients with first-episode psychosis (N = 755) and unaffected controls (N = 1219) from the EU-GEI study were assessed for childhood maltreatment, intelligence quotient (IQ), family history of psychosis (FH), and polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (SZ-PRS). Controlling for FH and SZ-PRS did not attenuate the association between childhood maltreatment and IQ in cases or controls. Findings suggest that these expressions of genetic liability cannot account for the lower levels of cognition found among adults maltreated in childhood.
Watermelons, Syringes, and Regulation: Instagram Marketing by Cosmetic Clinics in the UK and the Netherlands
Authors: Hermans Anne-Mette
Published: June 2023

Background

Cosmetic clinics use social media to inform and market to prospective patients. Evidence from social media posts by the UK and Dutch cosmetic clinics illustrates the precarious balance between professionalism and commercialism, and raises important questions for the regulation of these marketing communication efforts.

Methods

A random selection of Instagram posts by Dutch and the UK clinics which offer (non-) invasive cosmetic procedures were selected for a qualitative content analysis. The corpus of data comprised 395 posts by six Dutch and four UK clinics, published between January 2018 and July 2019. The method of analysis was inspired by previous qualitative studies into the marketing of cosmetic procedures and can be described as a (discursive) thematic analysis.

Results and Conclusions

The tension between the medical-professional and commercial nature of cosmetic procedures was evident in the Instagram posts by Dutch and UK clinics. Despite calls for ‘ethical’ marketing on social media, this study illustrates that marketing materials are not always in line with current advertising guidelines. Whereas advertising standards authorities have warned against the trivialization of cosmetic procedures, posts by clinics backgrounded the medical nature of procedures in favor of more commercial advertising appeals. Furthermore, the posts demonstrated little diversity in terms of models’ gender, ethnicity and body type, which reinforces narrow contemporary beauty ideals.

Level of Evidence V

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Genicular Artery Embolisation in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee (GENESIS 2): Protocol for a Double-Blind Randomised Sham-Controlled Trial
Authors: Little Mark W. , Harrison Richard , MacGill Sarah , Speirs Archie , Briggs James H. , Tayton Edward , Davies Nev L. C. , Hausen Heike S. , McCann Claire , Levine Lisa L. , Sharma Ricky A. , Gibson Matthew
Published: June 2023

Knee osteoarthritis is a leading cause of chronic disability and economic burden. In many patients who are not surgical candidates, existing treatment options are insufficient. Clinical evidence for a new treatment approach, genicular artery embolisation (GAE), is currently limited to single arm cohort, or small population randomised studies. This trial will investigate the use of a permanent embolic agent for embolisation of abnormal genicular arterial vasculature to reduce pain in patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. Up to 110 participants, 45 years or older, with knee pain for ≥ 3 months resistant to conservative treatment will be randomised (1:1) to GAE or a sham procedure. The treatment group will receive embolisation using 100-micron Embozene™ microspheres (Varian, a Siemens Healthineers Company) (investigational use for this indication in the UK), and the sham group will receive 0.9% saline in an otherwise identical procedure. Patients will be followed for 24 months. At 6 months, sham participants will be offered crossover to GAE. The primary endpoint is change of 4 Knee Injury and OA Outcome Score subscales (KOOS4) at 6 months post-randomisation. The study will also evaluate quality of life, health economics, imaging findings, and psychosocial pain outcomes. The primary manuscript will be submitted for publication after all participants complete 6 months of follow-up. The trial is expected to run for 3.5 years.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT05423587.
Perturbation theory for evolution of cooperation on networks
Authors: Meng Lingqi , Masuda Naoki
Published: June 2023

Network structure is a mechanism for promoting cooperation in social dilemma games. In the present study, we explore graph surgery, i.e., to slightly perturb the given network, towards a network that better fosters cooperation. To this end, we develop a perturbation theory to assess the change in the propensity of cooperation when we add or remove a single edge to/from the given network. Our perturbation theory is for a previously proposed random-walk-based theory that provides the threshold benefit-to-cost ratio,$$(b/c)^*$$(b/c)∗, which is the value of the benefit-to-cost ratio in the donation game above which the cooperator is more likely to fixate than in a control case, for any finite networks. We find that$$(b/c)^*$$(b/c)∗decreases when we remove a single edge in a majority of cases and that our perturbation theory captures at a reasonable accuracy which edge removal makes$$(b/c)^*$$(b/c)∗small to facilitate cooperation. In contrast,$$(b/c)^*$$(b/c)∗tends to increase when we add an edge, and the perturbation theory is not good at predicting the edge addition that changes$$(b/c)^*$$(b/c)∗by a large amount. Our perturbation theory significantly reduces the computational complexity for calculating the outcome of graph surgery.
Sensitivity of temperature-based time since death estimation on measurement location
Authors: Subramaniam J. Shanmugam , Hubig M. , Muggenthaler H. , Schenkl S. , Ullrich J. , Pourtier G. , Weiser M. , Mall G.
Published: June 2023

Rectal temperature measurement (RTM) from crime scenes is an important parameter for temperature-based time of death estimation (TDE). Various influential variables exist in TDE methods like the uncertainty in thermal and environmental parameters. Although RTM depends in particular on the location of measurement position, this relationship has never been investigated separately. The presented study fills this gap using Finite Element (FE) simulations of body cooling. A manually meshed coarse human FE model and an FE geometry model developed from the CT scan of a male corpse are used for TDE sensitivity analysis. The coarse model is considered with and without a support structure of moist soil. As there is no clear definition of ideal rectal temperature measurement location for TDE, possible variations in RTM location (RTML) are considered based on anatomy and forensic practice. The maximum variation of TDE caused by RTML changes is investigated via FE simulation. Moreover, the influence of ambient temperature, of FE model change and of the models positioning on a wet soil underground are also discussed. As a general outcome, we notice that maximum TDE deviations of up to ca. 2–3 h due to RTML deviations have to be expected. The direction of maximum influence of RTML change on TDE generally was on the line caudal to cranial.
Epinephrine injection monotherapy shows similar hemostatic efficacy to epinephrine injection combined therapy in high-risk patients (Forrest Ib) with bleeding ulcers
Authors: Wang Jingsong , He Shan , Shang Guanqun , Lv Nonghua , Shu Xu , Zhu Zhenhua
Published: June 2023

Background

Whether combination therapy has higher hemostatic efficacy than epinephrine injection monotherapy in different Forrest classifications is not clear. This study aimed to compare hemostatic efficacy between epinephrine injection monotherapy (MT) and combination therapy (CT) based on different Forrest classifications.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) patients who underwent endoscopic epinephrine injections or epinephrine injections combined with a second therapy between March 2014 and June 2022 in our center, and the patients were divided into MT group or CT group. Subsequently, a propensity score matching analysis (PSM) was performed and rebleeding rates were calculated according to Forrest classifications via a stratified analysis.

Results

Overall, 605 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included, and after PSM, 173 patients in each of the CT and MT groups were included. For PUB patients with nonbleeding visible vessels (FIIa), the rebleeding rates by Days 3, 7, 14, and 30 after PSM were 8.8%, 17.5%, 19.3%, and 19.3% in the MT group, respectively, and rates were 0%, 4.1%, 5.5%, and 5.5% in the CT group, respectively, with significant differences observed between the two groups by Days 3, 7, 14, and 30 (P = 0.015, P = 0.011, P = 0.014, and P = 0.014, respectively). However, for PUB patients with oozing bleeding (FIb), the rebleeding rates by Days 3, 7, 14, and 30 after PSM were 14.9%, 16.2%, 17.6%, and 17.6% in the MT group, respectively, and rates were 13.2%, 14.7%, 14.7%, and 16.2% in the CT group, respectively, with no significant differences observed between the two groups by Days 3, 7, 14, and 30 (P = 0.78, P = 0.804, P = 0.644 and P = 0.825).

Conclusion

Combined therapy has higher hemostatic efficacy than epinephrine injection monotherapy for PUB patients with visible blood vessel (FIIa) ulcers. However, epinephrine injection monotherapy is equally as effective as combined therapy for PUB patients with oozing blood (FIb) ulcers.
Associations of flow disruptions with patient, staff, and process outcomes: a prospective observational study of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomies
Authors: Koch Amelie , Quartucci Caroline , Buchner Alexander , Schlenker Boris , Becker Armin , Catchpole Ken , Weigl Matthias
Published: June 2023

Background

Technological advancements in the operating room (OR) have sparked new challenges for surgical workflow, OR professionals, and patient safety. Disruptive events are frequent across all surgical specialties, but little is known about their effects on patient outcomes and the influence of systemic factors. The aim was to explore the associations of intraoperative flow disruptions (FDs) with patient outcomes, staff workload, and surgery duration.

Methods

Prospective, single-center, and multi-source study comprising direct and standardized OR observations of urologic surgical procedures, clinical patient outcomes, and staff- and patient-reported outcome data (PROMs; 3-month follow-up). All data were recorded between 01/2020 and 10/2021. FDs were assessed using standardized procedure observations. Linear and logistic regression analyses including multiple system factors were used to explore the effects of FDs on surgical outcomes.

Results

61 robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy procedures were captured (with 61 patients and 243 staff reports). High rates of FDs were observed; however, our analyses did not show significant relationships with patient complication rates. Equipment- and patient-related FDs were associated with increased staff workload. No association was found between higher rates of FDs and procedure duration.

Conclusions

FDs were not related to inferior patient outcomes. Our findings may inform future OR investigations that scrutinize the complex interplay of human, team, process, and technological components that mitigate the effects of FDs during surgery.

Graphical abstract
AgAsk: an agent to help answer farmer’s questions from scientific documents
Authors: Koopman Bevan , Mourad Ahmed , Li Hang , Vegt Anton van der , Zhuang Shengyao , Gibson Simon , Dang Yash , Lawrence David , Zuccon Guido
Published: June 2023

Decisions in agriculture are increasingly data-driven. However, valuable agricultural knowledge is often locked away in free-text reports, manuals and journal articles. Specialised search systems are needed that can mine agricultural information to provide relevant answers to users’ questions. This paper presents AgAsk—an agent able to answer natural language agriculture questions by mining scientific documents. We carefully survey and analyse farmers’ information needs. On the basis of these needs, we release an information retrieval test collection comprising real questions, a large collection of scientific documents split in passages, and ground truth relevance assessments indicating which passages are relevant to each question. We implement and evaluate a number of information retrieval models to answer farmers questions, including two state-of-the-art neural ranking models. We show that neural rankers are highly effective at matching passages to questions in this context. Finally, we propose a deployment architecture for AgAsk that includes a client based on the Telegram messaging platform and retrieval model deployed on commodity hardware. The test collection we provide is intended to stimulate more research in methods to match natural language to answers in scientific documents. While the retrieval models were evaluated in the agriculture domain, they are generalisable and of interest to others working on similar problems. The test collection is available at: https://github.com/ielab/agvaluate.
Extracorporeal liver support techniques: a comparison
Authors: Riva Ivano , Marino Antonella , Valetti Tino Martino , Marchesi Gianmariano , Fabretti Fabrizio
Published: June 2023

ExtraCorporeal Liver Support (ECLS) systems were developed with the aim of supporting the liver in its detoxification function by clearing the blood from hepatic toxic molecules. We conducted a retrospective comparative analysis on patients presenting with liver failure who were treated with different extracorporeal techniques in our intensive care unit to evaluate and compare their detoxification abilities. To verify the effectiveness of the techniques, mass balance (MB) and adsorption per hour were calculated for total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), and bile acids (BA) from the concentrations measured. MB represents the total amount (mg or mcMol) of a molecule removed from a solution and is the only representative parameter to verify the purification effectiveness of one system as it is not affected by the continuous production of the molecules, released in the circulation from the tissues, as it is the case for the reduction rate (RR). The total adsorption per hour is calculated by the ratio between MB and the time duration and shows the adsorption ability in an hour. Our comparative study shows the superior adsorption capability of CytoSorb system regarding TB, DB, and BA, evaluated through the MB and adsorption per hour, in comparison with CPFA, MARS, Prometheus, and PAP. In conclusion, as extracorporeal purification in liver failure could be considered useful for therapeutic purposes, Cytosorb, being more performing than other systems considered, could represent the device of first choice.