Pegfilgrastim Provides Effective Primary Prophylaxis Against Febrile Neutropenia in Patients with NHL Undergoing Chemotherapy: Initial Results from an Integrated Analysis - The Neulasta Versus Current Neutropenia Management Practice (Neucup) Project.
Authors: Pettengell Ruth , Skacel Tomas , Aapro Matti , Duehrsen Ulrich , Easton Valerie , Lyman Gary 
Published: April 2020

EORTC/ASCO guidelines recommend primary prophylaxis (PP) with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) when the risk of chemotherapy (CT)-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) is ≥20%. Without G-CSF prophylaxis, FN risk in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) receiving CHOP is up to 50%, and over 50% of FN occurs in cycle 1. Physicians often delay/reduce dose to manage neutropenia, potentially compromising CT efficacy.

We identified 3 prospective clinical trials that assessed PP of neutropenia with pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®) 6 mg once per cycle in NHL patients receiving CHOP or CHOP-like regimens ± rituximab. In a retrospective integrated analysis, data from the 3 trials were combined to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PP with pegfilgrastim in a large NHL population. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients developing FN.

In all, 280 patients started the first cycle of CT, of whom 275 (98%) received pegfilgrastim as PP and were included in the present analyses. The proportion of patients experiencing FN over all cycles was relatively low (15%), and approximately half of FN cases occurred during cycle 1 (Table). WHO grade 3/4 hematological toxicities occurred in the following proportions of patients: white blood cell count (WBC) &lt;2.0×109/L, 63%; absolute neutrophil count (ANC) &lt;1.0×109/L, 67%; hemoglobin &lt;8.0 g/dL, 8%; and platelets &lt;50×109/L, 21%. Grade 4 WBC &lt;1.0×109/L and ANC &lt;0.5×109/L were observed in 39% and 55% of patients. Fifteen percent of patients were hospitalized due to a neutropenic event and 11% were hospitalized due to FN. Anti-infectives were prescribed for 59% of patients. Across all CT cycles, relative dose intensity (RDI) ≥85% was achieved by 88% of patients and RDI ≥90% by 83% of patients. Pegfilgrastim was also effective as PP against FN in the subgroup aged ≥65 years (n=167), who are more susceptible to neutropenia. FN occurred in 17% of these patients (vs 12% of those aged &lt;65 years). Hospitalization due to neutropenic events and FN occurred in 19% and 14% of patients ≥65 years old compared with 9% and 6% of those aged &lt;65 years.

To conclude, in this population, PP of FN with pegfilgrastim was associated with a relatively low occurrence of FN (15%) and a high proportion of patients achieving RDI ≥90%. These data support the use of pegfilgrastim 6 mg as PP against FN and neutropenic complications in NHL patients receiving CHOP-like CT, particularly the elderly for whom risk of FN and hospitalization is greatest. These findings support current ASCO/EORTC guideline recommendations.

Patients starting each cycle, n (%) Patients with, n (%) [95% CI] FN RDI ≥90% *Data from one study only Cycle 1 275 (100) 20 (7) [4, 10] 250 (91) [88, 94] Cycle 2 259 (94) 7 (3) [1, 5] 225 (87) [83, 91] Cycle 3 244 (89) 7 (3) [1, 5] 202 (83) [78, 88] Cycle 4 221 (80) 8 (4) [1, 6] 174 (79) [73, 84] Cycle 5 173 (63) 2 (1) [0, 3] 132 (76) [70, 83] Cycle 6 158 (57) 5 (3) [0, 6] 132 (84) [78, 89] Cycle 7* 23 (13) 0 18 (78) [61, 95] Cycle 8* 19 (11) 0 15 (79) [61, 97] All cycles 275 (100) 41 (15) [11, 19] 228 (83) [78, 87]