bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
True Orthoimage Generation Using Airborne LiDAR Data with Generative Adversarial Network‐Based Deep Learning Model
Authors: Shin Young Ha , Lee Dong-Cheon
Published: June 2021

Orthoimage, which is geometrically equivalent to a map, is one of the important geospatial products. Displacement and occlusion in optical images are caused by perspective projection, camera tilt, and object relief. A digital surface model (DSM) is essential data for generating true orthoimages to correct displacement and to recover occlusion areas. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data collected from an airborne laser scanner (ALS) system is a major source of DSM. The traditional methods require sophisticated procedures to produce a true orthoimage. Most methods utilize 3D coordinates of the DSM and multiview images with overlapping areas for orthorectifying displacement and detecting and recovering occlusion areas. LiDAR point cloud data provides not only 3D coordinates but also intensity information reflected from object surfaces in the georeferenced orthoprojected space. This paper proposes true orthoimage generation based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) deep learning (DL) with the Pix2Pix model using intensity and DSM of the LiDAR data. The major advantage of using LiDAR data is that the data is occlusion‐free true orthoimage in terms of projection geometry except in the case of low image quality. Intensive experiments were performed using the benchmark datasets provided by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS). The results demonstrate that the proposed approach could have the capability of efficiently generating true orthoimages directly from LiDAR data. However, it is crucial to find appropriate preprocessing to improve the quality of the intensity of the LiDAR data to produce a higher quality of the true orthoimages.
UNC5B Promotes Vascular Endothelial Cell Senescence via the ROS‐Mediated P53 Pathway
Authors: Yang Zhen , Li Han , Luo Pengcheng , Yan Dan , Yang Ni , Zhang Yucong , Huang Yi , Liu Yu , Zhang Le , Yan Jinhua , Zhang Cuntai
Published: June 2021

Vascular endothelial cell senescence is involved in human aging and age‐related vascular disorders. Guidance receptor UNC5B is implicated in oxidative stress and angiogenesis. Nonetheless, little is known about the role of UNC5B in endothelial cell senescence. Here, we cultured primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells to young and senescent phases. Subsequently, the expression of UNC5B was identified in replicative senescent cells, and then, its effect on endothelial cell senescence was confirmed by UNC5B‐overexpressing lentiviral vectors and RNA interference. Overexpression of UNC5B in young endothelial cells significantly increased senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase‐positive cells, upregulated the mRNAs expression of the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype genes, reduced total cell number, and inhibited the potential for cell proliferation. Furthermore, overexpression of UNC5B promoted the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated the P53 pathway. Besides, overexpression of UNC5B disturbed endothelial function by inhibiting cell migration and tube formation. Nevertheless, silencing UNC5B generated conflicting outcomes. Blocking ROS production or inhibiting the function of P53 rescued endothelial cell senescence induced by UNC5B. These findings suggest that UNC5B promotes endothelial cell senescence, potentially by activating the ROS‐P53 pathway. Therefore, inhibiting UNC5B might reduce endothelial cell senescence and hinder age‐related vascular disorders.
Optimal Allocation Model of Virtual Power Plant Capacity considering Electric Vehicles
Authors: Geng Shiping , Tan Caixia , Niu Dongxiao , Guo Xiaopeng
Published: June 2021

To push forward the development of electric vehicles while improving the economy and environment of virtual power plants (VPPs), research on the optimization of VPP capacity considering electric vehicles is carried out. In this paper, based on this, this paper first analyzes the framework of the VPP with electric vehicles and models each unit of the VPP. Secondly, the typical scenarios of wind power, photovoltaic, electric vehicle charging and discharging, and load are formed by the Monte Carlo method to reduce the output deviation of each unit. Then, taking the maximization of the net income and clean energy consumption of the VPP as the objective function, the capacity optimal allocation model of the VPP considering multiobjective is constructed, and the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) is introduced to represent the investment uncertainty faced by the VPP. Finally, a VPP in a certain area of Shanxi Province is used to analyze a calculation example and solve it with CPLEX. The results of the calculation example show that, on the one hand, reasonable selection of the optimal scale of EV connected to the VPP is able to improve the economy and environment of the VPP. On the other hand, the introduction of CVaR is available for the improvement of the scientific nature of VPP capacity allocation decisions.
Multiobjective Optimization regarding Vehicles and Power Grids
Authors: Zhong Kaiyang , Wang Ping , Pei Jiaming , Xu Jiyuan , Han Zonglin , Xu Jiawen
Published: June 2021

Vehicle to Grid (V2G) refers to the optimal management of the charging and discharging behavior of electric vehicles through reasonable strategies and advanced communication. In the process of interaction, there are three stakeholders: the power grid, operators (charging stations), and EV users. In real life, the impact of peak‐valley difference caused a lot of power loss when charging. At the same time, the loss of current is also a loss for power grid companies and EV users. In this paper, we propose a multiobjective optimization method to reduce the current loss and determine the relationship between the parameters and the objective function and constraints. This optimization method uses a genetic algorithm for multiobjective optimization. Through the analysis of the number of vehicles and load curve of AC class I and AC class II electric vehicles before and after optimization in each period, we found that the charging load of electric vehicles played a role of valley filling in the low valley price stage and played a peak‐cutting role in a peak price period.
Numerical Analysis for the Caving Characteristics of Rock Mass with Inclined Joints in Caving Mining
Authors: Sui Jinbo , Ren Fengyu , Cao Jianli , Liu Huan
Published: June 2021

In caving mining, the successful initiation and propagation of caving require one low‐dip joint set. However, not every mine has a low‐dip joint set. The Hemushan Iron Mine in China was taken as the engineering background, and the caving characteristics of rock mass with inclined joints were analyzed based on the synthetic rock mass (SRM) model. First, the inclined joints were investigated in the Hemushan Iron Mine. Second, model parameters were determined based on the geological conditions of the mine, and seven models were established. Third, the caving process was simulated, and caving characteristics were monitored. For rock mass with inclined joints after undercutting, the research showed that the crack zone was significant, and the crack zone existed not only around the undercut area but also further away in the model. The stress concentration areas dispersed in the model except for the top of the undercut area. The caving line was not a standard arch, and the highest point of the caving line was biased towards the direction of the undercut. Under the same undercut width, with the decrease of joint length in the joint system, the number of cracks decreased, the degree of stress concentration became weaker, and the height of the caving line decreased.
Combining Techniques to Treat Isolated Deep Recession-Type Defects: A Case Report with Long-Term Stability
Authors: Carnio João , Carnio Anna Tereza
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The purpose of this case report was to show the clinical long-term stability of a successful two-step root coverage procedure. A combination of two single techniques was used to treat an isolated deep-wide defect. Case Presentation. A 28-year-old female patient was referred in order to treat a single recession defect at #22. Due to her fear of dental procedures and a poor economic situation, the team developed an alternative solution. They used a modified apically repositioned flap (MARF) to increase the donor area and then a laterally positioned flap (LPF) to treat the root defect. Clinical evaluation at the three-year follow-up revealed complete resolution of the defect, a gain in clinical attachment, excellent esthetic results, and minor morbidity to the patient. Conclusion. The combination of the MARF and the LPF procedures was able to successfully treat a single deep recession defect with some advantages over traditional techniques such as simplicity, ideal color match of tissues, and the absence of palatal donor tissue.
Renal Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sedlacek Martin , Harlan Nicole P. , Buckey Jay C.
Published: June 2021

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is an adjunctive treatment for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. The prolonged high oxygen level used in HBOT can produce oxidative stress, which may be harmful to the kidney. Animal experiments suggest HBOT does not harm renal function and may have an antiproteinuric effect, but little is known on the effect of HBOT in humans. We performed a retrospective chart review of 94 patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent HBOT at our institution over an eight-year period. Thirty-two patients had serum creatinine levels within 60 days of the start and the end of treatment. Creatinine levels were 1.41 ± 0.89 mg/dl before and 1.52 ± 1.17 mg/dl after hyperbaric treatments with no statistically significant difference (mean (postcreatinine + precreatinine/2) = 0.10 mg/dl, SE = 0.11, t = 0.89). Twenty-three patients had proteinuria measurements before and after HBOT mainly by urine dipstick analysis. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed less proteinuria after HBOT than before (N = 23,

p
=
0.002

). Proteinuria was absent in 7 of 23 patients (30%) before HBOT and 13 of 23 patients (57%) after HBOT, a reduction by almost 50%. This observation is remarkable because oxidative stress might be expected to increase rather than decrease proteinuria.
Chromosomal Analysis of Ctenolucius hujeta Valenciennes, 1850 (Characiformes): A New Piece in the Chromosomal Evolution of the Ctenoluciidae
Authors: Souza José , Guimarães Erika , Pinheiro-Figliuolo Vanessa , Cioffi Marcelo B. , Bertollo Luiz A.C. , Feldberg Eliana
Published: June 2021

Ctenoluciidae (Characiformes), a family of freshwater fishes, comprises 2 genera, Ctenolucius and Boulengerella, with 7 recognized species. Up to now, only species of the genus Boulengerella have been subjected to cytogenetic studies. Here, we investigated the karyotype and other cytogenetic features of pike characin, Ctenolucius hujeta, using conventional (Giemsa staining, C-banding, Ag-NOR staining) and molecular (rDNA, telomeric sequences, and fiber-FISH mapping) procedures. This species has a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 36, and a karyotype composed of 12m + 20sm + 4a and FN = 68, similar to that found in Boulengerella species. However, differences regarding the number and distribution of several chromosomal markers support a distinct generic status. Colocalization of the 18S and 5S rDNA genes is an exclusive characteristic of the C. hujeta genome, with an interspersed distribution in the chromosomal fiber, an unusual phenomenon among eukaryotes. Additionally, our results support the view that Ctenoluciidae and Lebiasinidae families are closely related.
Successful Treatment of Airplane Headache with Rizatriptan: Case Report
Authors: Delva Iryna , Delva Mykhaylo
Published: June 2021

Optimal management of airplane headache (AH) is still unresolved. A female, 53 years, complained of severe short-lasting jabbing pain attacks over the forehead and in the eyebrows, mainly on the left side, that occur during take-off and landing. Neurological, opthalmological, and otolaryngological examinations and brain MRI were normal. It was diagnosed as AH. The patient was recommended to take 10 mg rizatriptan 30 min before the flight. It resulted in a complete absence of headache during the take-off and significant decrease of pain intensity during the plane descending. Based on the flight duration (about 2.5 h) and rizatriptan pharmacokinetics, the patient was recommended to take a second dose of rizatriptan 10 mg 1 h before flight ending. The patient reported a complete absence of pain attacks during the next flights. The effectiveness of AH pain attack prevention is based on the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug, time of pain onset during flight, and the flight duration.
Serum Copper Level and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Qingtao , Zhang Feng , Han Lei , Zhu Baoli , Liu Xin
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The association of serum copper with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been studied for years, but no definite conclusion is drawn. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate serum copper concentrations in PCOS subjects compared with healthy controls. Methods: Electronic search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus up to June 30, 2020, without any restriction. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with corresponding 95% CIs in serum copper levels were employed with random-effects model. I2 was applied to evaluate heterogeneity among studies. Results: Nine studies, measuring plasma copper levels in 1,168 PCOS patients and 1,106 controls, were included. Pooled effect size suggested serum copper level was significantly higher in women with PCOS (SMD = 0.51 μg/mL, 95% CI = [0.30, 0.72], p < 0.0001). The overall heterogeneity was not connected with subgroups of the country, but derived from the opposite result of 1 study. Conclusion: Our research generally indicated circulating copper level in PCOS sufferers was significantly higher than normal controls. Large-scale studies are still needed to elucidate the clear relation between copper status and etiology of PCOS.
Severe Brain Damage in a Moderate Preterm Infant as Complication of Post-COVID-19 Response during Pregnancy
Authors: Engert Viktoria , Siauw Celine , Stock Annika , Rehn Monika , Wöckel Achim , Härtel Christoph , Wirbelauer Johannes
Published: June 2021

Current evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that neonatal SARS-coronavirus-2 infections usually have a mild course. Data on how maternal infection during pregnancy affects fetal development are scarce. We present the unique case of a moderate preterm infant with intracranial bleeding and periventricular leukomalacia as a potential consequence of post-COVID-19 hyperinflammation during pregnancy.
Letrados e almocreves: um tratado árabe do século VIII
Authors: Jarouche Mamede Mustafa
Published: June 2021

Em língua árabe, a epístolografia de caráter profano começou a desenvolver-se a partir de finais do século VII – as manifestações anteriores são de importância reduzida. Foi com c Abd-ul-Hamíd, al-Kátib, que o gênero ganhou características por assim dizer “literárias”. Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma tradução de seu principal trabalho, denominado “Epístola aos letrados”, composição na qual se apresentam regras de comportamento a esse grupo.
Dietary Sodium Restriction Results in Tissue-Specific Changes in DNA Methylation in Humans
Authors: Kidambi Srividya , Pan Xiaoqing , Yang Chun , Liu Pengyuan , Roberts Michelle L. , Li Yingchuan , Wang Tao , Laud Purushottam W. , Liu Yi , Rubens Merrill , Thomas Richard , Widlansky Michael E. , Beyer Andreas M. , Liu Yong , Cowley Allen W. , Kotchen Theodore A. , Munyura Yannick , Moosreiner Andrea , Mattson David L. , Liang Mingyu
Published: June 2021

Dietary sodium affects blood pressure (BP) and vascular function. Animal studies suggest epigenetic changes (eg, DNA methylation) are involved. We hypothesized that sodium restriction induces methylation changes in T cells and arterioles in humans. Fifty subjects (49% women) were placed on 1200-mg sodium/day diet for 2 weeks. BP and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation were evaluated. Methylation sequencing (pre- and post-diet) was performed on T-cell (n=50) and biopsied arteriolar (n=10) DNA. RNA sequencing was also performed on arterioles (n=11). Over 2 weeks, mean sodium consumption was 946 mg/day. Average BP reductions after low-sodium intake were −8±13/−4±9 mm Hg (
P
<0.001). Flow-mediated dilation improved (5.8±2.9% to 6.8±3.4%;
P
=0.03). T-cell DNA was substantially more methylated than arterioles. The differentially methylated regions (false discovery rate, <0.05) identified in T cells and arterioles after sodium restriction were located in 117 and 71 genes, respectively. Four genes were identified in both T cells and arterioles (
P
=0.009 for the overlap). The dietary effects on methylation in several DNA regions were associated with dietary effects on BP. Several differentially expressed genes in arterioles contained differentially methylated regions at the significance level of
P
<0.05. In addition, 46 genes contained differentially methylated regions in both human and SS/Mcw rat T cells (
P
=0.03 for the overlap). Sodium restriction significantly affected DNA methylation in T cells and arterioles, some of which are associated with BP. Methylation patterns and sodium effects on methylation are largely tissue specific but also have overlaps between tissues and species. These findings may lead to better understanding of dietary sodium interactions with cellular processes and, therefore, novel therapeutic targets.
Pulseless Electrical Activity as the Initial Cardiac Arrest Rhythm: Importance of Preexisting Left Ventricular Function
Authors: Ambinder Daniel I. , Patil Kaustubha D. , Kadioglu Hikmet , Wetstein Pace S. , Tunin Richard S. , Fink Sarah J. , Tao Susumu , Agnetti Giulio , Halperin Henry R.
Published: June 2021

Background

Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is a common initial rhythm in cardiac arrest. A substantial number of PEA arrests are caused by coronary ischemia in the setting of acute coronary occlusion, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. We hypothesized that the initial rhythm in patients with acute coronary occlusion is more likely to be PEA than ventricular fibrillation in those with prearrest severe left ventricular dysfunction.

Methods and Results

We studied the initial cardiac arrest rhythm induced by acute left anterior descending coronary occlusion in swine without and with preexisting severe left ventricular dysfunction induced by prior infarcts in non–left anterior descending coronary territories. Balloon occlusion resulted in ventricular fibrillation in 18 of 34 naïve animals, occurring 23.5±9.0 minutes following occlusion, and PEA in 1 animal. However, all 18 animals with severe prearrest left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction 15±5%) developed PEA 1.7±1.1 minutes after occlusion.

Conclusions

Acute coronary ischemia in the setting of severe left ventricular dysfunction produces PEA because of acute pump failure, which occurs almost immediately after coronary occlusion. After the onset of coronary ischemia, PEA occurred significantly earlier than ventricular fibrillation (<2 minutes versus 20 minutes). These findings support the notion that patients with baseline left ventricular dysfunction and suspected coronary disease who develop PEA should be evaluated for acute coronary occlusion.
Cardiac Morphology, Function, and Hemodynamics in Patients With Morbid Obesity and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Styczynski Grzegorz , Kalinowski Piotr , Michałowski Łukasz , Paluszkiewicz Rafał , Ziarkiewicz‐Wróblewska Bogna , Zieniewicz Krzysztof , Tataj Emanuel , Rabczenko Daniel , Szmigielski Cezary A. , Sinski Maciej
Published: June 2021

Background

The patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrate an increased cardiovascular risk. The adverse influence of liver abnormalities on cardiac function are among many postulated mechanisms behind this association. The aim of the study was to evaluate cardiac morphology and function in patients with morbid obesity referred for bariatric surgery with liver biopsy.

Methods and Results

We evaluated with echocardiography 171 consecutive patients without known cardiac disease (median age 42 [interquartile range, 37–48] years, median body mass index 43.7 [interquartile range, 41.0–47.5], 67% female patients. Based on the liver biopsy results, there were 44 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 69 patients with isolated steatosis, and 58 patients without steatosis. Patients with NASH demonstrated signs of left ventricular concentric remodeling and hyperdynamic circulation, including indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter [cm/m
2
]: NASH 1.87 [0.22]; isolated steatosis 2.03 [0.33]; without steatosis 2.01 [0.19],
P
=0.001; relative wall thickness: NASH 0.49±0.05, isolated steatosis 0.47±0.06, without steatosis 0.46±0.06,
P
=0.011; cardiac index [L/m
2
]: NASH 3.05±0.54, isolated steatosis 2.80±0.44, without steatosis 2.79±0.50,
P
=0.013. After adjustment for sex, age, blood pressure, and heart rate, most of the measures of the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, left atrial size, right ventricular function, and right ventricular size did not differ between groups.

Conclusions

In a group of patients with extreme obesity, NASH was associated with left ventricular concentric remodeling and hyperdynamic circulation. Increased cardiac output in NASH may represent an additional risk factor for incident cardiovascular events in this population.
Abstract TP83: Stress Exacerbates Global Ischemia-induced Inflammatory Response: Intervention by Progesterone
Authors: Espinosa-Garcia Claudia , Sayeed Iqbal , Yousuf Seema , Atif Fahim , Sergeeva Elena G , Neigh Gretchen N , Stein Donald G
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Stress is associated with increased risk of stroke and poor prognosis, but the mechanisms through which stress may alter stroke outcome remain elusive. Stress compromises neuronal survival and neuroinflammation following an ischemic attack. Post-ischemic inflammatory response involves the activation of microglia, which can be polarized from a harmful M1 phenotype which expresses pro-inflammatory cytokines, to a protective M2 phenotype which releases neurotrophic factors. We hypothesize that progesterone (PROG) will improve global ischemia outcome by modulating microglial polarization in stressed ischemic animals.

Methods:
Adult male rats were exposed to social defeat stress over 8 consecutive days. Then, rats were subjected to 8 min of global ischemia by the four-vessel occlusion model. PROG (8 mg/Kg/b.w.) was administered by intraperitoneal injection at 2 h post-ischemia followed by subcutaneous injections at 6 h and once every 24 h post-injury for 5 days, and then 2 days with progressively halved dosages. Animals were sacrificed at 7 days post-ischemia. Neuronal loss was assessed by Nissl staining, M1/M2 polarization markers were assessed by immunofluorescence, and pro-inflammatory cytokine and growth factor expression were assessed by western blot.

Results:
Results revealed extensive neuronal loss and exacerbated microglial activation in hippocampal CA1 region of stressed ischemic rats. Remarkably, both M1 and M2 markers increased. PROG treatment attenuated neuronal loss, robustly reduced M1/M2 markers and significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the stressed ischemic hippocampus.

Conclusion:
Our data demonstrate that PROG can modulate neuroinflammation after global ischemic injury by changing microglial phenotype in certain vulnerable brain areas like the hippocampus. These findings support the therapeutic potential of PROG for treating global ischemia with comorbid stress.
Abstract WP85: Flow-diverter Embolization for Tandem Intracranial Aneurysms: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Cerejo Russell , John Seby , Bauer Andrew , Bain Mark , Masaryk Thomas , Hussain Muhammad S , Toth Gabor
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Flow diverter embolization is a novel method to treat intracranial aneurysms. The device has been shown to reduce procedure time and radiation exposure along with excellent long-term occlusion rates for single lesions. However, the effect of flow diversion on multiple adjacent aneurysms has not been well studied. We present our single center experience with flow diverter treatment of tandem aneurysms.

Methods:
We retrospectively collected clinical, imaging, procedural and follow up data on patients in whom flow diverters were used to treat intracranial anterior circulation aneurysms between 2011 and 2016. We included patients who had 2 or more tandem aneurysms of the internal carotid artery segment and where flow diverter was intended to treat all the aneurysms either as primary or secondary method.

Results:
We identified 21 patients with 52 aneurysms that met inclusion criteria. All were females with median age of 57 (Interquartile range [IQR] 51 - 69). Seventeen patients had 2 adjacent aneurysms, while 4 patients had 3 contiguous aneurysms. Of these, only one patient was treated acutely for ruptured aneurysm. The median largest aneurysm diameter was 3.1mm (IQR 2.5 - 4.8) with most common locations being cavernous and ophthalmic aneurysms. In 19 patients (90.5%) only a single flow diverter stent was used; only one patient required concurrent coiling. One patient (4.8%) suffered a post procedural mild stroke but improved rapidly. There were no other procedural complications. Follow up data in 13 patients (61.9%) with a median follow up of 8 months (IQR 6 - 13) demonstrated that 20 out of 28 aneurysms showed complete occlusion (71.4%). None of the patients at follow up required re-treatment, and there were no delayed/late aneurysm ruptures.

Conclusion:
Flow diverter is a feasible, efficacious and safe treatment option in patients with multiple tandem aneurysms, in a single session with good early outcomes. Long term follow up data and large cohort studies are required.
Abstract TP462: Impact of Perioperative Aneurysmal Rebleeding After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Horie Nobutaka , Sato Shuntaro , Kaminogo Makio , Matsuo Takayuki
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:
Aneurysmal rebleeding is a major cause of death and morbidity in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recognizing the predictors of rebleeding might help to identify patients who will benefit from acute management. This study was performed to investigate the predictors of aneurysmal rebleeding and their impact on clinical outcomes in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods.

Methods:
The incidence of rebleeding, demographic data, and clinical data from 4933 patients with aneurysmal SAH beginning in the year 2000 were retrospectively analyzed in the Nagasaki SAH Registry Study. We performed multiple logistic regression analyses to identify the risk factors contributing to rebleeding and the outcome after SAH.

Results:
Preoperative rebleeding occurred in 7.2% of patients. Patient age (P = 0.01), multiple aneurysms (P < 0.01), aneurysm size (P < 0.0001), and heart disease (P = 0.03) were significantly associated with preoperative rebleeding. Conversely, intraoperative rebleeding occurred in 11.2% of patients. Aneurysm location (anterior communicating artery [ACoA]), family history (P = 0.02), preoperative rebleeding (P < 0.01), and clipping/coiling (P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with intraoperative rebleeding. Interaction analysis showed that clipping significantly affected intraoperative rebleeding at the ACoA (OR, 4.00; 95% CI, 1.82-8.80; P < 0.001). Postoperative rebleeding occurred in 2.4% of patients. Coiling/clipping (P < 0.0001) and intraoperative rebleeding (P < 0.01) were significantly associated with postoperative rebleeding. Rebleeding in all time periods examined significantly contributed to the clinical outcome after SAH.

Conclusions:
Aneurysmal rebleeding after SAH has specific characteristics in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods, and all of these characteristics contribute to the clinical outcome. The ACoA has a higher risk of intraoperative rebleeding, and endovascular coiling could be a good candidate in terms of techniques for preventing intraoperative rebleeding, although complete aneurysm obliteration should be accomplished.
Abstract WMP29: Contrast Enhancement Measurement of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A 3T High-Resolution Vessel Wall Imaging Validation Study
Authors: Roa Jorge A , Zanaty Mario , Pazour Avery , Osorno-Cruz Carlos , Ishii Daizo , Hasan David M , Samaniego Edgar A
Published: June 2021

Background:
High-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) has emerged as a valuable tool in assessing unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). There is no standardized method to quantify contrast enhancement of the aneurysmal wall. Contrast enhancement is reflected as signal intensity (SI) at the time of objective quantification. This study compares all the existing methods to objectively quantify contrast enhancement of UIAs.

Methods:
3T HR-VWI was used to prospectively image patients with UIAs. Three different methods were analyzed in T1 pre- and post-contrast sequences: (1) circumferential aneurysm wall enhancement (CAWE) = mean post-contrast SI; (2) aneurysm-to-pituitary enhancement ratio (CR
stalk
) = ratio of CAWE over pituitary stalk enhancement; and (3) enhancement ratio (ER) = max post-contrast SI - max pre-contrast SI/max pre-contrast SI x 100%. Known risks factors of aneurysm instability such as size ≥7mm and location in the anterior communicating (ACOM) and basilar arteries (BA) were used for analysis.

Results:
Forty-seven patients with 53 UIAs were included in the study. Mean age was 63.5 years, and 35 (74.5%) were women. UIAs ≥ 7mm showed significantly higher SI measurements for CAWE (273.1 vs 206.9,
P
=.05), CR
stalk
(0.49 vs 0.38,
P
=.006), and ER (85.7% vs 52.5%,
P
=.002) compared to smaller UIAs. SI was higher in UIAs located in the ACOM and BA (279.6 vs 235.7; 0.45 vs 0.44; 75.1% vs 61.3%) for CAWE, CR
stalk
and ER, respectively. ROC curves demonstrated sensitivity/specificity values of 0.74/0.64 for CAWE ≥ 205, 0.74/0.60 for CR
stalk
≥ 0.398, and 0.71/0.73 for ER ≥ 62.1%. We found a moderately strong correlation between CAWE and CR
stalk
(Spearman = 0.69), CAWE and ER (Spearman = 0.52) and CR
stalk
and ER (Spearman = 0.47), with
P
<.001 in all cases.

Conclusion:
Three different methods: CAWE, CR
stalk
and ER may be used reliably to quantify SI in the wall of UIAs.

Figure:
ROC curves for (A) CAWE, (B) CR
stalk
and (C) ER.
Gleditsia saxatilis (Fabaceae), a new species from limestone areas of Guangxi, China based on morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: LU ZHAO-CEN , HUANG ZHANG-PING , YANG PING , HUANG YU-SONG , LIU YAN
Published: June 2021

Gleditsia saxatilis Z.C.Lu, Y.S.Huang & Yan Liu, a new species was found from limestone areas of Guangxi, China. The morphological and phylogenetic analyses showed that G. saxatilis is similar to G. sinensis, but differs by its habit indeciduous, winter buds globose or subglobose, apex round, petiolules glabrescent to glabrous, leaflets 2–4 pairs, leathery, both sides glabrous, racemes shorter, 2.5–7 cm long, ovary glabrous, legume slightly falcate, stipe 3–8 mm long.
New species and records of Caulleriella (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: BLAKE JAMES A.
Published: June 2021

Six species of Caulleriella (Cirratulidae), four new to science, are reported from continental shelf and slope depths of the western North Atlantic. The majority of new material was collected as part of deep-water reconnaissance and monitoring surveys along the U.S. Atlantic coast from New England to the Carolinas that were intended to understand the potential impacts of oil and gas exploration in poorly known offshore environments. Additional materials from shallow water and shelf habitats off New England and New York as part of other projects are also included. New species include: Caulleriella filiformia n. sp., C. nobska n. sp., C. pintada n. sp., and C. rodmani n. sp. In addition, new records and comments are provided for C. venefica Doner & Blake, 2016 a widespread shelf species and C. sp., a potential new species represented by a few specimens from rocky nearshore New England habitats. The latter may be related to the enigmatic C. fragilis (Leidy, 1855). A review of known deep-water species of Caulleriella is provided.
Effect of Yes Associated Protein 1 Silence on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Bladder Cancer Cells
Authors: Wu Gaoliang , Hao Chao , Qi Xueliang , Nie Jianqiang
Published: June 2021

Yes Associated Protein 1 (YAP) can act as either an oncoprotein or a tumor suppressor in different cellular contexts. However, the reports about the direct role of YAP silence in bladder cancer cells are rare. We designed loss-off-function experiments to investigate the effect of YAP
knockdown on bladder cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis. We examined YAP expression in human bladder cancer and paracancerous tissues using RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohisto-chemistry. YAP short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was successfully constructed and transfected into
T24 cells to knockdown YAP. Cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analyzed by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. We found the expression levels of YAP mRNA and protein were significantly increased in the bladder cancer tissues when compared with that in the paracancerous tissues. shRNA
YAP inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, and induced cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our findings provided the first evidence that YAP knockdown could inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. YAP inhibition may be beneficial
in the treatment of bladder cancer.
COVID-19: The Crossroads for Sinhala–Muslim Relations in Sri Lanka
Authors: Abdul Razak Mohamed Imtiyaz , Mohamed Saleem Amjad
Published: June 2021

Sri Lanka’s ethnic civil war between the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), also known as the Tamil Tigers, and the government of Sri Lanka comprising the majority of the Sinhalese Buddhist community came to a bloody end in May 2009. Muslims, whose political and civil society elite had largely supported the Sri Lankan state and security forces, welcomed the end of the war and the defeat of the Tamil Tigers given the history of the community with the LTTE. The expectations by the Muslims (and other communities) that peace would return to the country, were quickly dashed as it appeared that a new extremist Sinhala-Buddhist nationalist movement targeting religious minorities especially the Muslims would emerge as the country grappled with post-war reconciliation. The rise of anti-Muslim rhetoric, hate speech, and incitement to violence against the community has pushed some Muslims to think that they have become the new focus for Sinhala-Buddhist extremists in the wake of the defeat of the Tamil Tigers. With suspicions of the complicity of the state apparatus in the anti-Muslim campaign, there are serious concerns around the role and place of minorities (non-Sinhala and non-Buddhist) in the future makeup of the country. While there is no concrete evidence on the state’s support for such an action, it is clear that the reluctance of the state to bring to justice those responsible for hate speech and incitement to violence since 2009 raises some serious questions about impartiality. In addition, with the increase of detentions and scrutiny of the Muslim community’s post-Easter Sunday attacks and the recent treatment of the Muslim community in the response to the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, including shutting down of key Muslim towns and the enforcement of forced cremations (which goes against Islamic teachings of dignified burials), there is much to ponder of an anti-Muslim strategy being mainstreamed and institutionalized by the state. This paper will seek to situate the present response to the COVID-19 pandemic by the state and its particular actions affecting the Muslim community amid a wider backdrop of a rise in anti-Muslim hatred and action. In order to understand this, the paper will seek to understand the reasoning behind why Muslims who supported the war against the Tamil Tigers, have now become the enemy for Sinhala-Buddhist extremists. It does this through primary and secondary data gathering including interviews conducted between July 2020 and February 2021. In so doing this paper will explore the development of Muslim political and religious identity by looking at a historical perspective. This paper makes the argument that a holistic approach needs to be developed to avoid a new conflict taking place in Sri Lanka and to avoid violent Islamist extremism taking hold.
Reading Research Genre: The Impact of Thematic Progression
Authors: Chang Peichin
Published: June 2021

The research genre has specific communicative purposes which require students to understand the tone, generic and disciplinary conventions. The present study explored the potential of thematic progression (TP) to contribute to research argument readability. TP concerns how clauses encode information and how that information is carried forward. Three major types of TP include: (a) constant TP; (b) linear TP; and (c) derived TP. Overuse of constant TP often prevents a text from developing, while linear TP better contributes to cohesion. It was hypothesized that an effective TP pattern, if present, may help graduate students better grasp the gist in research arguments. Two groups of participants, native and non-native speakers of English, were recruited to read six Introductions of varying TP patterns and conceptualize their readability. The results revealed that the TP pattern may not have strong predictive power; rather, fewer information breaks better predict readability. Regardless of TP patterns, heavy themes and rhemes may impede understanding. Static and simple themes also do not facilitate readability. The use of metadiscursive devices may facilitate readability on condition that the themes are informative. Effective lexical chains and marked themes, which signal the ties between clauses, also ease processing.
Social perception of religious freedom: Testing the impact of secularism and state-religion relations
Authors: Breskaya Olga , Giordan Giuseppe , Zrinščak Siniša
Published: June 2021

The measures and correlates of religious freedom constitute a comparatively new area of study eliciting research at the level of state agency and judicial institutions. The article adds to this the individual level of analysis by introducing a five-dimensional concept of the Social Perception of Religious Freedom (SPRF). It discusses results of its testing on a convenience sample of 1035 Italian University students. We examine the predictive power of ‘passive’ and ‘assertive’ secularism and patterns of state-religion relations vis-à-vis SPRF. While ‘passive’ secularism has a significant positive influence on four of five dimensions of religious freedom, the ‘assertive’ secularism has no effect on it. Findings suggest that the models of an endorsed Catholic Church and state control over religion have mostly negative effects on the SPRF. Moreover, individuals with stronger religious identity are more supportive of the endorsed models of state-religion relations while politically engaged respondents do not favor them.
Maurice Blondel and His Prodigal Children: Phenomenology, Charity, and Metaphysics
Authors: Ciraulo Jonathan M.
Published: June 2021

This article argues for Maurice Blondel’s paternity in the recent phenomenological work of Jean-Luc Marion, Jean-Yves Lacoste, and Emmanuel Falque, particularly regarding the relationship between philosophy and theology and the role of charity for the knowledge of God. In addition to reading the phenomenologists as extending and complementing Blondel’s thought, the article notes how Blondel’s project posits metaphysics as an integral aspect to his analysis of the dynamics of human action. What ultimately distinguishes Blondel from his “sons” is that Blondel argues for a “metaphysics to the second power,” a metaphysics based on the simultaneity of being and charity, rather than their opposition.
Nutrition before Conception and the Outcome of Pregnancy
Authors: Wynn Arthur , Society McCarrison
Published: June 2021

Close birth spacing increases the risk of miscarriage, congenital malformation and perinatal death because it does not give a mother time to recover from the nutritional depletion caused by the first pregnancy or time to recover a normal hormonal profile before the beginning of the next pregnancy. The placental vitamin pump causes maternal vitamin depletion. Nutritional deficits do more damage to reproduction around the time of conception than later during pregnancy. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies can cause not only direct damage to embryonic development but damage to both male and female germ cells resulting in new mutations before a conception. New mutations can cause pregnancy failure or maldevelopment of the embryo. The realisation that nutritional deficits can be mutagenic opened a new chapter in nutritional science. Some nutrients are antimutagenic and already act as such within the digestive tract, but foods contain many other antimutagenic substances. The juices of many fresh vegetables in particular are antimutagenic.
A Curly Q: Is Frizz a Matter of Friction?
Authors: Skedung Lisa , Collier Elizabeth S. , Harris Kathryn L. , Rutland Mark W. , Applebaum Mara , Greaves Andrew J. , Luengo Gustavo S.
Published: June 2021

The oft discussed and fretted over environmental influences on hair have led to a popular consensus which suggests that elevated temperature and humidity lead to frizzier, wilder hair. However, few attempts at actually quantifying these effects have been made. Although frizziness is usually perceived visually, here the influence of variations in temperature and humidity on the tactile perception and friction of curly and straight hair were investigated. It is shown that changes in humidity may disproportionately affect perceived frizziness of curly hair by touch due to concurrent changes in the tactile friction.
School-Based Nutrition Programs for Adolescents in Dodoma, Tanzania: A Situation Analysis
Authors: Rector Colette , Afifa Nadhira Nuraini , Gupta Varun , Ismail Abbas , Mosha Dominic , Katalambula Leonard K. , Vuai Said , Young Tara , Hemler Elena C. , Wang Dongqing , Fawzi Wafaie W.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Tanzania has a double burden of malnutrition, including a high prevalence of undernutrition and an increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents. Schools present a valuable opportunity to reach a large section of the country’s adolescent population with nutrition-oriented interventions.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the current state of adolescent school nutrition interventions in Dodoma, Tanzania, with emphasis on 3 potential school-based nutrition interventions, school vegetable gardens, school meals, and education (on nutrition, agriculture, and water, sanitation, and hygiene).

Methods:

Focus group discussions were conducted with several regional and district-level governmental stakeholders, including health, education, and agricultural officers. Ten public secondary schools were visited, and interviews with school administrators, teachers, students, and parents were conducted.

Results:

All stakeholders interviewed supported interventions to improve school-based nutrition, including school gardens, school feeding, and nutrition education. All 10 schools visited had some experience providing school meals, but parents’ contributions were essential for the program’s sustainability. Most schools visited had land available for a school garden program, but water availability could be challenging during certain times of the year. The teachers interviewed expressed that the curriculum on nutrition education was highly theoretical and did not allow students to practice the knowledge and skills they learned in the classroom.

Conclusions:

The current school-based approach to tackling the double burden of adolescent malnutrition in Dodoma is localized and ad hoc. To leverage the potential of schools as a platform for nutrition interventions, integrated and policy-mandated interventions are needed.
Evaluating the Aromatherapy Recommendation for Pain in the Holistic Nurses' Pain Relief Tools for Patients and Self-Care
Authors: Santos Anabela , Percy Melanie , Rabinowitsch David
Published: June 2021

Purpose of Study: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the aromatherapy (AT) recommendation in the American Holistic Nurses Association's (AHNA’s) Holistic Nurses' Pain Relief Tools for Patients and Self-Care (Pain Tool). Methodology: An observational survey design was used and a purposeful sample of 55 nurses were invited to a two-part, 15-question survey administered via SurveyMonkey. The demographic data were analyzed with quantitative analysis and the open-ended questions were analyzed via content analysis. Results: A total of 55 registered nurses completed the survey and the mean age of participants was 53 years old. Lavender essential oil (EO) was used by 100% ( N = 55) of participants and the inhalation method was favored (93%; n = 51). The AT recommendation was most helpful for educational purposes (29%; n = 16) and to reduce symptoms of pain (21%; n = 8). A majority of participants used the five holistic nursing core values (70%; n = 31) as well as promote more options for pain management (48%; n = 13) to improve outcomes (30%; n = 13). Respondents recommend the addition of more EOs and safety information (23%; n = 8). Finally, five recommendations were made to AHNA. Implication for Practice: Nurses who use AT (guideline) as a safe, cost-effective intervention for pain improve quality outcomes.
John Goodsir (1814–1867) and his neurological illness
Authors: Macintyre Iain , Gardner-Thorpe Christopher , Demetriades Andreas K
Published: June 2021

John Goodsir, conservator and professor of anatomy at the University of Edinburgh, suffered an unidentified illness described by experts after his death as tabes. The features that led to this diagnosis, the understanding of tabes at that time and its relationship in some cases to syphilis, are discussed. It is concluded that the most likely diagnoses are subacute combined degeneration of the cord as a result of malnutrition or tabes dorsalis resulting from earlier syphilis. The presence of ‘lightning pains’ leans towards the latter diagnosis but evidence for a means of acquisition of syphilis is lacking. The disadvantages of retrospective diagnosis are discussed.
Gladys Mary Wauchope (1889–1966): Brighton physician and second female medical student at the London Hospital Medical College
Authors: Dickenson Elizabeth J , Whiston Benjamin , Cooper Maxwell J
Published: June 2021

Gladys Mary Wauchope was a pioneering woman physician and general practitioner in London and Brighton. Descended from an ancient Scottish family, she was the second female medical student at the London Hospital Medical College after Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, enrolling during the brief period from 1918 to 1928 in which women were permitted to study medicine in mainstream London medical schools due to shortages of doctors caused by the First World War. Unperturbed by opposition to her gender from male colleagues, she was initially house physician on the firm of Sir Robert Hutchison at ‘the London’, and went on to hold an array of posts in large London hospitals at a time when finding such work was challenging for women doctors. She settled in Hove as a general practitioner in 1924, later becoming a consultant physician at several major Brighton hospitals. Made only the eighth female fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, she also set up the first diabetic clinic in Sussex and Kent. Gladys authored several books, including her autobiography ‘The Story of a Woman Physician’, which documents life through two world wars and the introduction of the National Health Service, whilst keenly observing the changing landscape of medicine and its place in society.