bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Divergent signaling requirements of dSARM in injury-induced degeneration and developmental glial phagocytosis
Authors: Herrmann Kelsey A. , Liu Yizhou , Llobet-Rosell Arnau , McLaughlin Colleen N. , Neukomm Lukas J. , Coutinho-Budd Jaeda C. , Broihier Heather T.
Published: June 2022

Elucidating signal transduction mechanisms of innate immune pathways is essential to defining how they elicit distinct cellular responses. Toll-like receptors (TLR) signal through their cytoplasmic TIR domains which bind other TIR domain-containing adaptors. dSARM/SARM1 is one such TIR domain adaptor best known for its role as the central axon degeneration trigger after injury. In degeneration, SARM1’s domains have been assigned unique functions: the ARM domain is auto-inhibitory, SAM-SAM domain interactions mediate multimerization, and the TIR domain has intrinsic NAD+ hydrolase activity that precipitates axonal demise. Whether and how these distinct functions contribute to TLR signaling is unknown. Here we show divergent signaling requirements for dSARM in injury-induced axon degeneration and TLR-mediated developmental glial phagocytosis through analysis of new knock-in domain and point mutations. We demonstrate intragenic complementation between reciprocal pairs of domain mutants during development, providing evidence for separability of dSARM functional domains in TLR signaling. Surprisingly, dSARM’s NAD+ hydrolase activity is strictly required for both degenerative and developmental signaling, demonstrating that TLR signal transduction requires dSARM’s enzymatic activity. In contrast, while SAM domain-mediated dSARM multimerization is important for axon degeneration, it is dispensable for TLR signaling. Finally, dSARM functions in a linear genetic pathway with the MAP3K Ask1 during development but not in degenerating axons. Thus, we propose that dSARM exists in distinct signaling states in developmental and pathological contexts.
Rush order containment of critical drugs in ICUs
Authors: Cappanera Paola , Nonato Maddalena , Visintin Filippo , Rossi Roberta
Published: June 2022

The recent SARS CoV-02 pandemic has put enormous pressure on intensive care staff, making it imperative to relieve them of repetitive tasks with little added value such as drug replenishment. We propose a decision support system based on a hybrid policy to manage the inventory of critical drugs with low and intermittent demand at an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Demand forecasting is at the heart of any inventory policy. We claim that in the ICU setting drug demand patterns must be therapy based. Heterogeneous data have been collected during an on site study, and information have been extracted to provide a faithful abstract representation of the ward as a system, as well as the potential evolutions of ICU patients clinical conditions. Together with medical guidelines, this provides the foundation of a therapy based demand forecasting tool. This study integrates schedule optimization and demand forecasting, and exploits simulation for evaluation purpose in the long run. At the beginning of every period, drug orders are optimally scheduled with respect to forecast demand. Then, scheduled orders are deployed day by day and confronted with the real demand in a simulated environment. Potential stock outs trigger rush orders to restore safety stocks. The comparison between the proposed policy and a standard policy mimicking current practice in an ICU ward shows that information on therapy patterns can be successfully incorporated into drug replenishment processes to reduce the number of rush orders, a primary goal in designing an efficient system.
Changes in the development of opioid tolerance on re-exposure among people who use heroin: A qualitative study
Authors: Kesten Joanna May , Holder Ed , Ayres Rachel , Ellis Pete , Taylor Steve , Hickman Matthew , Henderson Graeme
Published: June 2022

Background and aims

This qualitative study aimed to explore how the development of tolerance to both the psychoactive and respiratory depressant effects of heroin on re-exposure are experienced by people who use heroin.

Methods

Semi-structured one-to-one interviews were conducted with 20 adults who currently or previously used heroin (for at least 6 months), with any type of administration (injected, smoked) and experience of abstinence (at least 2 weeks) and relapse. Topic guides explored the participants understanding of tolerance, their experience of developing tolerance to heroin and of tolerance following relapse. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to generate salient themes.

Results

The analysis produced three broad themes: lay understanding of tolerance; tolerating tolerance; and rapid tolerance development following relapse. Tolerance was defined as the body adapting to regular drug use, so that the drug no longer produced the same level of effect. Tolerance was experienced as interacting and co-developing with physical dependence and the symptoms of withdrawal. Indeed, several participants did not differentiate between tolerance and dependence. Most participants did not notice tolerance to respiratory depression. Tolerance levels fluctuated—increasing over periods of regular use and reducing when abstinent. Using more drug was the most common response to increasing tolerance to the desired effects. On re-use following abstinence, tolerance was experienced as developing more quickly in the most recent relapse compared to the first. Tolerance was also perceived to return more quickly with each abstinence-relapse cycle.

Conclusions

Qualitative accounts of tolerance report that tolerance returns more quickly with each relapse episode. By elucidating the mechanism(s) involved and potentially discovering how they could be switched on prior to relapse occurring we might be able to develop a beneficial harm reduction treatment for people in abstinence that would protect against overdose occurring on subsequent relapse.
Construction of a fiber-optically connected MEG hyperscanning system for recording brain activity during real-time communication
Authors: Watanabe Hayato , Shimojo Atsushi , Yagyu Kazuyori , Sonehara Tsuyoshi , Takano Kazuyoshi , Boasen Jared , Shiraishi Hideaki , Yokosawa Koichi , Saito Takuya
Published: June 2022

Communication is one of the most important abilities in human society, which makes clarification of brain functions that underlie communication of great importance to cognitive neuroscience. To investigate the rapidly changing cortical-level brain activity underlying communication, a hyperscanning system with both high temporal and spatial resolution is extremely desirable. The modality of magnetoencephalography (MEG) would be ideal, but MEG hyperscanning systems suitable for communication studies remain rare. Here, we report the establishment of an MEG hyperscanning system that is optimized for natural, real-time, face-to-face communication between two adults in sitting positions. Two MEG systems, which are installed 500m away from each other, were directly connected with fiber optic cables. The number of intermediate devices was minimized, enabling transmission of trigger and auditory signals with almost no delay (1.95–3.90 μs and 3 ms, respectively). Additionally, video signals were transmitted at the lowest latency ever reported (60–100 ms). We furthermore verified the function of an auditory delay line to synchronize the audio with the video signals. This system is thus optimized for natural face-to-face communication, and additionally, music-based communication which requires higher temporal accuracy is also possible via audio-only transmission. Owing to the high temporal and spatial resolution of MEG, our system offers a unique advantage over existing hyperscanning modalities of EEG, fNIRS, or fMRI. It provides novel neuroscientific methodology to investigate communication and other forms of social interaction, and could potentially aid in the development of novel medications or interventions for communication disorders.
Physical activity telephone coaching intervention for insufficiently physically active ambulatory hospital patients: Economic evaluation of the Healthy 4U-2 randomised controlled trial
Authors: Barrett Stephen , Begg Stephen , O’Halloran Paul , Doran Christopher M. , Kingsley Michael
Published: June 2022

The Healthy 4U-2 randomised controlled trial demonstrated that a physical activity (PA) telephone coaching intervention was effective for improving objectively-measured PA and health-related outcomes. The current study reports on an economic evaluation performed alongside the trial to determine whether this effective intervention is also cost-effective from a healthcare funder perspective. Participants (N = 120) were insufficiently physically active adults recruited from an ambulatory care clinic in a public hospital in regional Australia. The primary outcome was change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured using accelerometers. Changes in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were derived from the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-12). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for each outcome. Uncertainty of cost-effectiveness results were estimated using non-parametric bootstrapping techniques and sensitivity analyses. The mean intervention cost was $132 per person. The control group incurred higher overall costs compared to intervention ($2,465 vs. $1,743, respectively). Relative to control, the intervention resulted in incremental improvements in MVPA and QALYs and was deemed cost-effective. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that compared to control, the intervention would be cost-effective for improving MVPA and QALYs at very low willingness to pay thresholds. Sensitivity analyses indicated that results were robust to varied assumptions. This study shows that PA telephone coaching was a low-cost strategy for increasing MVPA and QALYs in insufficiently active ambulatory hospital patients. Findings of health benefits and overall cost-savings are uncommon and PA telephone coaching offers a potentially cost-effective investment to produce important public health outcomes.
CDC20 regulates sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation in glioblastoma stem cells
Authors: Mao Diane D. , Cleary Ryan T. , Gujar Amit , Mahlokozera Tatenda , Kim Albert H.
Published: June 2022

Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are an important subpopulation in glioblastoma, implicated in tumor growth, tumor recurrence, and radiation resistance. Understanding the cellular mechanisms for chemo- and radiation resistance could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we demonstrate that CDC20 promotes resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. CDC20 knockdown does not increase TMZ- and radiation-induced DNA damage, or alter DNA damage repair, but rather promotes cell death through accumulation of the pro-apoptotic protein, Bim. Our results identify a CDC20 signaling pathway that regulates chemo- and radiosensitivity in GSCs, with the potential for CDC20-targeted therapeutic strategies in the treatment of glioblastoma.
Transcriptome analysis reveals regulation mechanism of methyl jasmonate-induced terpenes biosynthesis in Curcuma wenyujin
Authors: Wei Qiuhui , Lan Kaer , Liu Yuyang , Chen Rong , Hu Tianyuan , Zhao Shujuan , Yin Xiaopu , Xie Tian
Published: June 2022

Curcuma wenyujin is the source plant of three traditional Chinese medicines, which have been widely used in clinical treatment over 1000 years. The content of terpenes, the major medicinal active ingredients, is relatively low in this plant. Studies have shown that MeJA can promote terpenes biosynthesis in plants. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of MeJA in C. wenyujin remains unclear. In this work, the transcriptome of C. wenyujin leaves with MeJA treatment was analyzed to elucidate the regulation mechanism of MeJA-mediated terpene biosynthesis. Based on the RNA-seq data, 7,246 unigenes were differentially expressed with MeJA treatment. Expression pattern clustering of DEGs revealed that unigenes, related to JA biosynthesis and signal transduction, responded to exogenous MeJA stimulation on the early stage and maintained throughout the process. Subsequently, unigenes related to terpene biosynthesis pathway showed a significant up-regulation with 6 h treatment. The analysis results suggested that MeJA induced the expression of JA biosynthesis genes (such as LOXs, AOSs, AOCs, OPRs, and MFPs) and JA signal transduction core genes (JAZs and MYCs) to activate JA signaling pathway. Meanwhile, downstream JA-responsive genes presented up-regulated expression levels such as AACT, HMGSs, HMGRs, DXSs, DXRs, MCTs, HDSs, and HDRs, thus promoting terpenes biosynthesis. The transcriptional expressions of these genes were validated by qRT-PCR. In addition, six CwTPS genes in response to MeJA were identified. With MeJA treatment, the expression levels of CwTPSs were increased as well as those of the transcription factors MYB, NAC, bZIP, WRKY, AP2/ERF, and HLH. These TFs might potentially regulate terpenes biosynthesis. These results provide insights for regulation mechanism of terpenes biosynthesis.
Is latent Toxoplasma gondii infection associated with the occurrence of schizophrenia? A case-control study
Authors: Ademe Muluneh , Kebede Tadesse , Teferra Solomon , Alemayehu Melkam , Girma Friehiwot , Abebe Tamrat
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Neurotropic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) which result in chronic infections in the brain are associated with mental illnesses. In view of this, a growing body of literature has revealed the possible interaction of schizophrenia and T. gondii infection.

Method

A case-control study was conducted from February 2018 to January 2019 among 47 Schizophrenia patients and 47 age and sex-matched controls. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Serum was used for serological analysis of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies through chemiluminescent immunoassay. Proportions and mean with standard deviations (SD) were used as descriptive measures and variables with p-values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant and independently associated with schizophrenia.

Result

The mean ages of schizophrenia patients and controls were 29.64 ± 5.8 yrs and 30.98 ± 7.3 yrs, respectively. We found that 81.9% (77/94) of the study subjects had a positive anti-T. gondii IgG antibody. While the difference is statistically insignificant, schizophrenic patients have a marginally higher seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis than controls (87.2% vs 80.9%; p = 0.398). Schizophrenia cases who live in homes with soil floors have a significantly higher T. gondii infection as compared to those who live in homes with cement/ceramic floors (90.9% vs 33.3%; p = 0.004). Furthermore, there was a significantly lower T. gondii infection among schizophrenic cases who were taking antipsychotic medication for more than three yrs (79.3% vs 100.0%, p = 0.039). On the other hand, among all study subjects who have T. gondii infection, subjects who are addicted to khat and alcohol were about seven times more likely to develop schizophrenia (71.4% vs 47.7%, OR = 7.13, p = 0.024).

Conclusion

Our data is not sufficient to show a significant positive correlation between T. gondii infection and schizophrenia. For study subjects with T. gondii infection, addiction to khat and alcohol is one of the risk factors for schizophrenia.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Sana'a, Yemen
Authors: Al-Naggar Redhwan Ahmed , Alshaikhli Hisham , Al-Rashidi Reyadh R. , Murtagh Sharon
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim: The development of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is ongoing. This study aimed to prepare for public acceptance of the vaccine. There is a need to identify the current acceptance and potential barriers to receiving a COVID-19 vaccine in Yemen. Understanding the hesitancy and acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine are crucial to develop local evidence-based interventions.

Materials and Methods: Twenty students were interviewed in this study. An interview guide was developed and it addressed the willingness to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine. In-depth interviews were conducted, transcribed, and manually analyzed.

Results: The majority of participants agreed that they would take a COVID-19 vaccine for several reasons, including protection for themselves, their families, and others and to stop the spread of COVID-19, for which the vaccine is important, as in other routine vaccinations. However, some participants shared that they would not take the COVID-19 vaccine due to the following reasons: Concerns regarding the safety of the vaccine; feeling fit and healthy, and thus considering themselves to have strong immunity; feeling that the vaccine was manufactured in a rushed manner and thus it would require approval by the World Health Organization; being previously infected with COVID-19 and considering themselves protected, and placing their trust in God and believing no vaccine was needed.

Conclusion: The willingness to receive a future COVID-19 vaccine was high among medical students. However, some students hesitated to take the vaccine. Therefore, mass media interventions are required to maximize vaccine uptake.
To what extent can Bílej kůň, žlutej drak be termed a work of Vietnamese Czech literature?
Authors: Daniels Ro X
Published: June 2022

In 2009, Knižní klub awarded their prize for best manuscript to an unknown author, Lan Pham Thi, for her book about Czech-Vietnamese interethnic relations. In the months following the prize's announcement, suspicions about Lan Pham Thi's identity were aroused, and, in December 2009, it was revealed that the manuscript had been written and submitted by a white Czech, Jan Cempírek. This article uses discourse analysis to discuss to what extent Lan Pham Thi's book should be considered a legitimate part of Vietnamese Czech literature.
A Shared Vision of Radical Education. Going Beyond Specific Differences in the Relation between Paulo Freire and Ivan Illich
Authors: Irwin Jones
Published: June 2022

This essay explores the specific differences between the philosophies of Paulo Freire and Ivan Illich, while nonetheless arguing for their shared vision of radical education. With a focus on Freire’s earlier period of work, especially the seminal Pedagogy of the Oppressed, we point to the differing reception of their respective works in Europe of the 1970s (where Illich is often seen as an incompatible and extreme case). This in retrospect seems somewhat surprising as we argue that the fundamentals of their thinking are a shared critique of banking education and a re-conceptualisation of authority and teaching in renewed education systems. Both thinkers reject the two most obvious positions post-May ’68.  On the one hand, there is the New Right perspective, represented by the Philosophes in France, who view all Leftist thought as Stalinist. On the other side, we have what might be termed the «Deleuzian-Guattarian» alternative, represented most crucially by the 1974 text, Anti-Oedipus. Here, the whole conception of a possible «revolution» (the whole ’68 dream), is deemed to be an impossibility. Instead, both Freire and Illich share in a renewed sense of the critical educational project of emancipation, albeit with different emphases. Moreover, the current crisis of education under late capitalism (and subject to the conditions of the Covid pandemic) returns the powerful resources of Freire and Illich to centre stage in education and politics.
Comparison Of Plyometrics And Aerobic Exercises On Attention Levels In Young Adults
Authors: Sandradewi Kinanti Maura , Kumaidah Endang , Purwoko Yosef , Marijo Marijo
Published: June 2022

Background. Plyometrics and aerobic training is a form of exercise that is easily applicable to all people. Plyometrics and aerobic trainings are proven to improve attention level in previous study.Objective. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of plyometrics training and aerobic training on attention level of young adults.Methods. A quasi-experimental study with pre and post test&control group design. The subjects were 54 male, with age range from 18 to 23 years old. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: C (control), EP1 (plyometrics training), and EP2 (aerobic training; with of 20meters multistage shuttle test design) . Both EP groups was given training for 6 weeks, twice a week. The attention level was measured using Attention Networks Test.Results. After 6-weeks of training, attention score in both of experimental groups were better than the control group. In EP1, all of the attention level component which was alerting, orienting, and executive increases significantly (p<0,01). In EP2, only alerting (p<0,01) and executive (p=0,01) increase significantly. Plyometrics training is proven to increase the attention level better than aerobic training, with significant increase in alerting (p=0,012), orienting (p=0,016), and executive (p=0,02)Conclusion. Plyometrics training is proven to increase attention level better than aerobic training in young adults.
Difference in Profiles of Oxidative Stress Marker (MDA) in STEMI and NSTEMI
Authors: Sekunda Kaninta Nuga , Ariosta Ariosta , Limantoro Charles , Setiawan Andreas Arie
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) results in necrosis of the myocardium due to blockage in the coronary artery. AMI is classified into two categories, STEMI and NSTEMI. AMI is a multifactorial condition closely related to the increase in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As the end product of lipid peroxidase, Malondialdehyde (MDA) is often used as a biomarker for oxidative stress. Purpose: To prove the difference between profiles of oxidative stress marker (MDA) in STEMI and NSTEMI. Methods: An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional study approach done in Dr. Kariadi Central Public Hospital and Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, between April and September 2020. Subjects were diagnosed by the presence of chest pains and an increase in CKMB and troponin levels. The study was conducted on 47 subjects consisting of 20 STEMI samples and 27 NSTEMI samples. Serum MDA was examined using the TBARS method. Data were analyzed by a computer program. Results: Mean serum MDA in STEMI and NSTEMI was 0,22 ± 0,12 μmol/L and 0,82 ± 0,92 μmol/L respectively. From the statistical analysis, results showed that the difference in serum MDA concentrations between STEMI and NSTEMI were significant (p = 0,007). Conclusion: Malondialdehyde concentration in NSTEMI was significantly higher than in STEMI. It is suggested that further research be done to know which type of MDA is more accurate, to understand the effect of lipid profile towards STEMI and NSTEMI, and to put patient’s medical history into consideration. Key Words: Acute Myocardial Infarction, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Malondialdehyde
THE EFFECT OF ANTLIONS EXTRACT TOWARDS BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL OF MALE SWISS MICE INDUCED BY STREPTOZOTOCIN
Authors: Puspito Rizky Indra , Jaeri Santoso , Widodo Y.L Aryoko , Johan Andrew
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTBackground: Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is included in the group of metabolic diseases, characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormal insulin secretion. Generally, treatment of diabetes mellitus uses insulin injection and Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs (OHD). In addition there are also animals are trusted by public in healing diabetes mellitus. Antlions (Myrmeleon sp)  is a useful animal to treat diabetes mellitus. The body of antlions contains sulfonylureas which is a substance that stimulates insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Aim: The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of antlions extract on blood glucose level of male swiss mice induced by streptozotocin Methods: This research was a pure experimental laboratory study and the design used is the Pre Test and Post Test Control Group Design, which is done by comparing the results of observations in the control and treatment groups after the action was done. Sampling was done using the simple random sampling technique. The sample size used in this study amounted to 30 mice. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA test with a confidence level of 95%. Results: The administration of antlions extract could lower (p<0.05) blood glucose levels in male Swiss mice after 28 days of treatment. The administration of antlions extract with doses of 14 mg/kgBW and 56 mg/kgBW significantly lowered blood glucose levels in male Swiss mice as evidenced by p=<0.001 and p=0.034. Whereas the administration of antlions extract with a dose of 28 mg/kgBW was less significant in lowering blood glucose levels in male Swiss mice (p=0.210). Conclusion: The administration of antlions extract (Myrmeleon sp.) with a dose of 14 mg/kgBW had the best effect on lowering blood glucose levels in male Swiss mice after 28 days of treatment. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, blood glucose, antlions
The Comparison Between Plyometrics and Aerobic Exercises toward Medical Students of Diponegoro University
Authors: Situngkir Iin Atika , Ambarwati Endang , Kumaidah Endang , Widodo Sumardi
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Sedentary life style had become one of factors causing health problem for someone in general. To avoid that condition we could apply some exercises regularly. Exercise can improve concentration, memory, and intellectuals. The sports enjoyed today are Plyometrics and Aerobics. Both sports proved beneficial in improving cognitive function, including concentration. The purpose of this study is to find out comparison between Plyometric and Aerobic towards concentration level.Methods: This research applied quasi-experimental study with pre and post-test design. There were subjects divided into three groups were control group, Plyometrics group and Aerobics group. Medical students of Diponegoro University were taken as subjects of the research which consist 39 males. Intervention is given for 6 weeks. Each week consists of two meetings. The indicator of this research focused on concentration level measured by using Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), measured before and after 6 weeks exercise. Statistical analysis of this study using Paired t-test.Results: There was a significant difference in concentration measurement results between treatment and control groups (p=0.00). Treatment group concentration scores improved better than control group. The DSST score on Plyometrics exercises was 60.00±5.08 and after intervention to 78.00±2.30. The DSST score on Aerobic exercises was 58.76±4.88 and after intervention to 63.07±5.88. Plyometrics exercises are shown to have better effects in increased concentration compared to Aerobic exercises.Conclusion Plyometric and Aerobic exercise were able to enhance concentration level with the highest result achieved by Plyometric group.
MELATONIN CAN NOT SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE PLATELET COUNT
Authors: Fawzi Tania Meysavira , Batubara Lusiana , Budiastuti Asih , Nugroho Taufik Eko
Published: June 2022

Background: Burn injury defines as skin or tissue damage caused by heat, radioactivity, electricity, or chemicals. Burn injury have an impact on physiological homeostasis. Burn injury will cause an increase in free radicals, it can also cause changes in the platelet count. Melatonin has been proposed as burn supportive therapy because it acts as an antioxidant that can eliminate free radicals. Melatonin can increase the number of the platelets through the mechanism of increasing megakaryocyte fragmentation and modulating the cytokines involved in platelet production. Aim: Proving the effects of melatonin supplementation on the number of platelets in male Wistar rats with third degree of burn injury. Methods: This research was an experimental with randomized control group pre-post test design. Samples are 12 healthy male Wistar rats then randomly divide into two groups, control and experimental group. Each rat was induced 30% burn injury under anesthesia. Rats in control group were given placebo at 0, 8, and 16 hours after burn injury, while rats in experimental group were treated with melatonin intraperitoneal at 0, 8 and 16 hours after burn injury. Blood samples were collected from the retroorbital sinuses at 0, 3, and 24 hours. Data were analyzed statistically by Paired t-Test and Independent t-Test. Results: In control group, the number of platelets at 0-3 hours (p=0,024) and 0-24 hours (p=0,039) showed a significant decrease in platelet count. In experimental group, the number of platelets at 0-3 hours (p=0,047), 0-24 hours (0,015), 3-24 hours (p=0,04) showed a significant decrease in platelet count.Conclusions: Melatonin administration did not cause a significant increase of platelets number. Keywords: Burns, Platelet count, Melatonin
The Effect of Zumba on Dysmenorrhea in Students of the Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University
Authors: Mutha'alimah Humairoh , Marijo Marijo , Trisetiyono Yuli , Wiyati Putri Sekar
Published: June 2022

Background: Dysmenorrhea is the most common symptom of most menstrual complaints, and has a greater risk of causing disease than any other gynecological complaints. Dysmenorrhea can be accompanied by other symptoms such as sweating, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea and tremors. Dysmenorrhea causes activity limitations which can affect productivity and quality of life of a woman.Objectives: Determine the effects of Zumba on primary dysmenorrhea among female students of the  Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University.Method: This study used an analytic observational study with a pretest-middletest-posttest design. A participants of 49 students were divided into 2 groups. The control group (K) was not given the Zumba intervention. Treatment group (P) was given 8-week intervention program with two 60’ sessions per week of Zumba. Data were collected before, during, and after Zumba intervention using a self-administrated dysmenorrhea questionnaire and VAS pain scale.Result: Based on the VAS pain scale and dysmenorrhea questionnaire, the mean value of the control group and treatment group was K: 2,02; 1,92; 2,06; P: 1,98; 1,98; 2,04. Statistical analysis using Friedman tests showed statistically not significant differences (p > 0,05).Conclusion: Zumba exercise did not have a significant difference in reducing dysmenorrhea pain levels.Keyword: Zumba exercise, exercise, primary dysmenorrhea, menstrual pain
EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC USAGE IN ISKEMIC STROKE PATIENTS WITH INFECTIONS IN RSUP DR. KARIADI SEMARANG PERIOD 2018
Authors: Wibowo Shafa Nahdah , Budisulistyo Trianggoro , Sunarsih Endang Sri , Nindita Yora
Published: June 2022

Abstract Background: According to WHO stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world. Ischemic stroke is the type of stroke with the highest population reaching (80%). Data at RSUP Dr. Kariadi in 2015 showed that the most common complication in stroke was infection (37.9%). The most common cause of infection was bacteria with antibiotics as the main therapy. It is necessary to monitor the use of antibiotics due to increased cases of antibiotic resistance.Objective: To determine the rationality of antibiotic use in ischemic stroke patients with infections in RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang Period 2018..Method: This research is a descriptive observational study. The sample consisted of 41 medical records of inpatient male ischemic stroke patients at RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang in 2018. The use of antibiotics was evaluated using the Gyssens method.Results: The results of evaluation of antibiotics by the Gyssens method showed antibiotic rationality (53%). The most widely used antibiotics are ampicillin sulbactam (30.4%) and levofloxacin (27.5%). Giving empirical therapy (57.5%), and diagnosis of infection in patients including pneumonia (50,8%), sepsis (19.3%), UTI (17.5%), pressure sores (5.3%), abscesses mandible (3.5%), ulcerative colitis (1.7%), cellulitis (1.7%), gasteroeneritis (1.75%).Conclusion: The use of antibiotics in ischemic stroke patients hospitalized in RSUP. Dr. Kariadi Semarang in 2018 is rational. Its users have the right antibiotics, indications, dosage, administration, route, time, interval and patient.
THE EFFECT OF SUBMERSION IN ORANGE JUICE AND FERMENTED MILK ON COLOR CHANGES OF NANOHIBRID COMPOSITE RESIN
Authors: Yulaicha Attila , Purbaningrum Diah Ajeng , Retnoningrum Dwi , Ariosta Ariosta
Published: June 2022

Background: Color changes in nanohibrid composite resins can occur due to 2 factors, intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Beverage can be the one of the extrinsic factor such as orange juice and fermented milk. The pH content of this both of drink will affect the change in color of the composite resin. Low pH conditions will cause the release of H+ which has an impact on the degradation and breaking of polymer chain bonds. Aim: To determine the effect of orange juice and fermented milk on the color change of nanohibrid composite resin. Methods: An experimental study with the post test control group design and a total sample of 6 samples. Soaking for 24 hours at 37ºC in artificial saliva, orange juice, and fermented milk. After 24 hours the color changes were measured using a colorimeter. Statistical test using Independent T-test.Results : Significant differences in color changes in nanohibrid composite resins between the two sample groups (p = 0.00). Independent T-test showed the results of a significant difference between 2 groups.Conclusion: Orange juice affect the change in color of nanohibrid composite resin. There was a significant difference between orange juice and fermentedKeywords: Nanohibrid composite resin, Color change, Orange juice, Fermented milk.
THE EFFECT OF CARBONATED, ISOTONIC AND YOGHURT DRINKS IMMERSION ON THE ROUGHNESS OF BULK-FILL COMPOSITE RESIN
Authors: Nisa Ayu Khoirun , Purbaningrum Diah Ajeng , Batubara Lusiana , Fulyani Faizah
Published: June 2022

Background: Composite resins are dental restorative materials that are widely used and have high aesthetic value compared to other materials. However, acidic environmental conditions can degrade the composite resins, resulting in increased surface roughness of the resin, and consequently lead to an increased risk of caries.Objective: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of immersion in acidic drinks on the surface roughness of composite resins,Method: In this study 24 samples of bulk fillTM  composite resins were used. Samples were divided into four groups. Each sample was immersed for 5 seconds in either artificial saliva (control), carbonated beverage, isotonic, or yogurt, and followed by 5 seconds immersion in saliva. This cycle was repeated for 20 times for 14 consecutive days. The roughness of composite resin before and after 14 days immersion was measured by using a profilometer. Microscopic structures were analyzed by Scanning electron Microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was used paired t-test, Anova and Post Hoc LSD.Results: Data from each sample group was normally distributed- with p > 0.05. The paired t-test for each group showed a p-value < 0.05, which indicates there was a significant difference between surface roughness before and after immersion. ANOVA analysis revealed that there was a difference in the surface roughness between groups LSD test, showed that there was difference in the surface roughness between artificial saliva with carbonated drink, isotonic drink with carbonated drink, yoghurt drink with carbonated drink (p<0.0001), between artificial saliva group with yoghurt drink, yoghurt drink with carbonated drink, yoghurt drink with isotonic drink (p <0.05) which means there was a significant difference between group. Meanwhile, the isotonic drinks with artificial saliva obtained results (p>0.05), which means there is no significant difference.Conclusion: Exposure of carbonated drinks, yoghurt drinks, and isotonic drinks can significantly increase the roughness of the surface Bulk Fill resin composite compared to exposure of artificial saliva.Keywords: Composite resin, Bulk Fill, Surface Roughness, Acid
Relationship of Sleep Quality with Short-Term Memory and Reaction Time in First Year Medical Students of Diponegoro University
Authors: Febrian Rizki Gatot , Jaeri Santoso , Muniroh Muflihatul , Indraswari Darmawati Ayu
Published: June 2022

Abstract Background: Sleep disturbance is a disorder that includes a lack of quantity and quality of sleep. Students, especially medical students, have a high risk of getting sleep disorders of poor sleep quality and quantity. Poor sleep quality can interfere with memory. Besides, poor sleep quality also results in fatigue, which can lead to increased reaction time.Aim: To determine the relationship between sleep quality and short-term memory and reaction time in first-year medical students of Diponegoro University.Methods: This Observational study used a cross-sectional design with first-year medical students of Diponegoro University as the subjects. Kolmogorov-Smirnov was applied as the normality test, then the hypothesis test between sleep quality and short-term memory used the Pearson Chi-Square test, while sleep quality and reaction time used the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Two hundred students participated in the study. Eighty two people (41%) had good sleep quality, 118 people (59%) had poor sleep quality. The p value of the relationship between sleep quality and short-term memory showed insignificant result (p=0.791). Meanwhile, the Mann-Whitney test to measure the relationship between sleep quality and reaction time was also insignificant (p=0.270).Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between sleep quality with reaction time and short-term memory in first-year medical students of Diponegoro University.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE DEGREE OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Dharma Andhika Guna , Maharani Maharani , Prihatningtias Riski , Mahar Muhamad Taufik , Setiawan Henry , Kusumaningrum Ayu Anggraini , Wildan Arief
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION: WHO estimates more than 150 million diabetes patients worldwide. One of the complications of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy which is recognized as the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population and the cause of 12% of new cases of blindness each year due to macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, and tractional retinal detachment. Macular edema is the most common cause of decreased visual acuity. The relationship between macular edema and the degree of retinopathy is unclear, so further research is needed. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of macular edema with the degree of diabetic retinopathy.METHOD: This study used a cross-sectional method. Samples were taken from the Retina Data Register at the National Diponegoro Hospital Eye Polyclinic of all diabetic retinopathy patients who attended National Diponegoro Hospital from July to December 2020 who were recruited as participants. The variables measured included the incidence of macular edema and the degree of diabetic retinopathy. Measurements using fundoscopy, slit lamp and condensing lens + 78D according to ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) criteria by an ophthalmologist. Data analysis used a bivariate difference test for 2 groups. The statistical test used was the Kruskal-Wallis test, which was significant if p ≤ 0.05.RESULTS: In this study, out of 150 eyes examined, 28 (18.7%) had macular edema. 4 (2.7%) eyes were diagnosed with Moderate NPDR, 3 (2%) eyes were diagnosed with Severe NPDR. In eyes diagnosed with PDR with or without VH or TRD, 21 (14%) eyes had macular edema. The p-value was 0.03 with the Kruskal-Wallis test, where p ≤ 0.05.CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference between the degree of diabetic retinopathy and the incidence of macular edema. The incidence of macular edema is higher in the more severe degrees of diabetic retinopathy.
EFFECT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA FRUIT ETHANOLIC EXTRACT ON MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) LEVEL IN BLOOD OF SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS INDUCED BY 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE
Authors: Hendro Ongky Surya Wijaya , Yudhanto Eka , Himawan Ari Budi , Adespin Dea Amarilisa
Published: June 2022

Background: Cancer is a type of disease with a high rate of diagnostic cases. The real cause of cancer remains unknown. Free radicals can cause cancer by DNA’s gen mutation. 7, 12- Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) is often used for researching carcinogenesis. Many types of research have used natural substances as supportive cancer therapies including Momordica charantia (bitter melon). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the oxidative damage biomarkers which can significantly increase, especially on breast cancer patients. The success of therapy on a breast cancer patient is shown by decreasing MDA levels in the blood. Aim: To investigate the effect of Momordica charantia fruit ethanolic extract on malondialdehyde levels in the blood of Sprague Dawley rats induced by 7,12- Dimethylbenz [a] anthracene. Methods: This study was a true experimental randomized post-test only with control group design on rats that divided into two groups: X1 given DMBA induction only and X2 given DMBA induction with Momordica charantia fruit ethanolic extract by feeding tube with  200mg/kgbw/day for 14 days. Results: The mean of MDA level in group X1 = 0,83±0,32 and in group  X2 = 0,30±0,19. The result of the normality test of data using the Shapiro-Wilk test obtained abnormal distribution data for one of the groups. The result of independent-samples T-Test showed a significant difference with P = 0,001. Conclusion: There was an effect of Momordica charantia fruit ethanolic extract on MDA level in the blood of Sprague-Dawley induced by 7,12- Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.
OSTEOPENIA IN MALE AND FEMALE PATIENTS USING CARBAMAZEPIN AND VALPROIC ACID COMBINATION THERAPY: Analysis of Prevalence and Its Relationship with Epilepsy Characteristics
Authors: Anggonowati Krisninda , Kustiowati Endang , Widiastuti M.I. , Husni Amin , Bintoro Aris Catur , Ardhini Rahmi
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT Background : Epilepsy is a chronic condition with unprovoked seizures. One of the changes affected by anti-epileptic drugs is a decrease in bone density. Gender and sex hormones have implications on bone density.Objective : To determine the prevalence difference osteopenia between male and female, and relationship with clinical characteristics epilepsy patients taking a combination of carbamazepine and valproic acid.Methods: A cross-sectional study with 22 epileptic patients with age range of 18-60 years taking combination of carbamazepine and valproic acid at the Neurology Department Dr. Kariadi Semarang during June to October 2021 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient data were obtained by filling out a questionnaire. The assessment of osteopenia was carried out by examination of Bone Mineral Densitometry. Data analysis was using Chi Square test and Spearman correlation test. The result was determined to be significant if the p value <0.05.Results : There were 11 male subjects and 11 female subjects. Chi Square resulted in significant difference between male and female (p<0.05). Spearman correlation test showed a relationship between osteopenia and duration before combination therapy, for men rho 0.734 (p<0.05), women rho 0.786 (p<0.001). There was a relationship between osteopenia and the onset of epilepsy, male rho 0.603 (p<0.05), female rho 0.757 (p<0.001). There was a relationship between osteopenia and age, male rho 0.487 (p=0.129), female rho 0.780 (p<0.001). There was also a relationship between osteopenia and seizure frequency, male rho 0.457 (p<0.05), female rho 0.467 (p=0.026).Conclusion: There was a significant osteopenia prevalence difference between male and female epilepsy patients taking combination of carbamazepine and valproic acid. Moderate and strong relationship were found between osteopenia and clinical characteristics epilepsy. Keywords : Epilepsy, osteopenia, carbamazepine, valproic acid
The Effect Of Lemongrass Stem Infusion (Cymbopogon citratus) On Growth Of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Kusuma Azzadian Octa , Lestari Endang Sri , Prihatiningsih Tyas , Hardini Nadia
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To determine the effect of lemongrass infusion on the growth of Streptococcus mutans at various concentrations. Methods: This study used post test only control group design with total sample is 9 samples, concentration 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, 1,56%, positive control, and negative control with 3 replications. The research uses dilution method by looking at the turbidity which can be marked as MIC, for MBC used pour plate method was determined by looking at the presence or absence of bacterial growth on the plate. Data analysis was performed using the spss application using Kruskal-Wallis test with significance level if the result of p<0,05. Results of Study: The results of the sample group were 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, 1,56% in the MIC test showed turbidity in all samples, then the MBC test showed growth bacteria in all samples. The assessment of the probability test p value of 1,000 (>0,05) indicates that there is no significant difference between research groups. Conclusion: There was no effect of lemongrass stem infusion with various concentrations on the growth of Streptococcus mutans.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WAIST-HIP RATIO AND 60-METER RUNNING SPEED Studies on students of the Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University
Authors: Masitoh Niken Ayu Dewi , Susanto Hardhono , Kumaidah Endang , Supatmo Yuswo
Published: June 2022

It is imperative to improve Indonesia's achievement in sprint category using an indicator according to talent scouting. The running speed of those with excessive body fat is slower. The distribution of body fat, especially in the area of abdomen and hip, could be measured using the waist hip ratio indicator. This study is aimed at determining the relationship between waist-hip ratio and 60-m running speed. This was a cross-sectional study. The subjects were chosen using simple random sampling. There were 32 medical students of Diponegoro University that met the inclusion criteria and did not meet the exclusion criteria.. The subjects were measured for their waist circumference, hip circumference, leg length, and 60-m running speed. The mean of waist hip ratio was 0.88 ± 0.07; the mean of leg length was 80.24 ± 3.75 cm; the mean of 60-m running speed was 5.49 ± 0.69 m/ s. Pearson correlation test between waist-hip ratio and 60-m running speed of Diponegoro University's medical students showed a significant negative correlation (r= -0.515; p= 0.003). According to multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that waist-hip ratio affected 60-m running speed as much as 26.6%. (R2= 0.266). Thus, there is a significant negative correlation between waist-hip ratio and 60-m running speed.Keywords: waist-hip ratio, 60-m running speed
DETERMINATION OF DENGUE VIRAL INFECTION SEVERITY IN PEDIATRIC BASED ON PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND LABORATORY TESTS: A CASE STUDY OF A 7 MONTHS OLD BABY WITH DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER
Authors: Syahputra Muhammad Ghaza , Kusumaningrum Ayu Anggraini , Apriani Dewi , Anantyo Dimas Tri
Published: June 2022

Background: Dengue viral infection can infect people of all ages, including infants less than 1-year-old. The Disease severity of dengue infection consists of asymptomatic infection and symptomatic infection. The symptomatic infection has varying degrees of severity: undifferentiated fever, dengue fever, DHF, and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Method: The data obtained by interviewing the patients' parents for the symptoms and patients' medical records for information on the treatments and examinations.  Case: A 7 months old baby arrived at the hospital with a continuous abrupt 3 days fever, the condition is accompanied by watery stool two times a day, vomiting once a day.  Discussion: The patient arrived at the hospital with a continuous abrupt 3-day fever. The results of the physical examination showed a positive tourniquet test and palpable liver. The laboratory test results showed that the patient has thrombocytopenia, and the chest x-ray results showed that the patient has pleural effusion. Conclusions: The patient was diagnosed with DHF without shock and sent home after the patient got fluid therapy, supportive, and symptomatic treatments.