bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Infrared Criterion for Selecting Active Galactic Nuclei to Lower Luminosities
Authors: Hviding Raphael E. , Hainline Kevin N. , Rieke Marcia , Juneau Stéphanie , Lyu 吕 Jianwei 建伟 , Pucha Ragadeepika
Published: April 2022

We present a spectroscopic and photometric analysis of a sample of 416,288 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) matched to mid-infrared (mid-IR) data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). By using a new spectroscopic fitting package, GELATO (Galaxy/AGN Emission Line Analysis TOol), we are able to retrieve emission line fluxes and uncertainties for SDSS spectra and robustly determine the presence of broad lines and outflowing components, enabling us to investigate WISE color space as a function of optical spectroscopic properties. In addition, we pursue spectral energy distribution template fitting to assess the relative active galactic nucleus (AGN) contribution and nuclear obscuration to compare to existing mid-IR selection criteria with WISE. We present a selection criterion in mid-IR color space to select AGNs with an ∼80% accuracy and a completeness of ∼16%. This is the first mid-IR color selection defined by solely using the distribution of Type I and Type II optical spectroscopic AGNs in WISE mid-IR color space. Our selection is an improvement of ∼50% in the completeness of targeting spectroscopic AGNs with WISE down to an SDSS r < 17.77 mag. In addition, our new criterion targets a less-luminous population of AGNs, with on average lower [O iii] luminosities by ∼30% ( > 0.1 dex) compared to typical WISE color–color selections. With upcoming large photometric surveys without corresponding spectroscopy, our method presents a way to select larger populations of AGNs at lower AGN luminosities and higher nuclear obscuration levels than traditional mid-IR color selections.
A Population of Luminous Globular Clusters and Stripped Nuclei with Elevated Mass to Light Ratios around NGC 5128*
Authors: Dumont Antoine , Seth Anil C. , Strader Jay , Voggel Karina , Sand David J. , Hughes Allison K. , Caldwell Nelson , Crnojević Denija , Mateo Mario , Bailey John I. , Forbes Duncan A.
Published: April 2022

The dense central regions of tidally disrupted galaxies can survive as ultracompact dwarfs (UCDs) that hide among the luminous globular clusters (GCs) in the halo of massive galaxies. An exciting confirmation of this model is the detection of overmassive black holes in the centers of some UCDs, which also lead to elevated dynamical mass-to-light ratios (M/L
dyn). Here we present new high-resolution spectroscopic observations of 321 luminous GC candidates in the massive galaxy NGC 5128/Centaurus A. Using these data we confirm 27 new luminous GCs, and measure velocity dispersions for 57 luminous GCs (with g-band luminosities between 2.5 × 105 and 2.5 × 107
L
⊙), of which 48 are new measurements. Combining these data with size measurements from Gaia, we determine the M/L
dyn for all 57 luminous GCs. We see a clear bimodality in the M/L
dyn distribution, with a population of normal GCs with mean M/L
dyn = 1.51 ± 0.31, and a second population of ∼20 GCs with elevated mean M/L
dyn = 2.68 ± 0.22. We show that black holes with masses ∼4%–18% of the luminous GCs can explain the elevated mass-to-light ratios. Hence, it is plausible that the NGC 5128 sources with elevated M/L
dyn are mostly stripped galaxy nuclei that contain massive central black holes, though future high spatial resolution observations are necessary to confirm this hypothesis for individual sources. We also present a detailed discussion of an extreme outlier, VHH81-01, one of the largest and most massive GC in NGC 5128, making it an exceptionally strong candidate to be a tidally stripped nucleus.
Abundance of LIGO/Virgo Black Holes from Microlensing Observations of Quasars with Reverberation Mapping Size Estimates
Authors: Esteban-Gutiérrez A. , Agües-Paszkowsky N. , Mediavilla E. , Jiménez-Vicente J. , Muñoz J. A. , Heydenreich S.
Published: April 2022

Assuming a population of black holes (BHs) with masses in the range inferred by LIGO/Virgo from BH mergers, we use quasar microlensing observations to estimate their abundances. We consider a mixed population of stars and BHs and the presence of a smooth dark matter component. We adopt reverberation mapping estimates of the quasar size. According to a Bayesian analysis of the measured microlensing magnifications, a population of BHs with masses ∼30M
⊙ constitutes less than 0.4% of the total matter at the 68% confidence level (less than 0.9% at the 90% confidence level). We have explored the whole mass range of LIGO/Virgo BHs, finding that this upper limit ranges from 0.5% to 0.4% at the 68% confidence level (from 1.1% to 0.9% at the 90% confidence level) when the BH masses change from 10 to 60M
⊙. We estimate a 16% contribution from the stars, in agreement with previous studies based on a single-mass population that do not explicitly consider the presence of BHs. These results are consistent with the estimates of BH abundances from the statistics of LIGO/Virgo mergers, and rule out primordial BHs (or any other types of compact object) in this mass range constituting a significant fraction of the dark matter.
Photoelectron Butterfly Pitch-angle Distributions in the Martian Ionosphere Based on MAVEN Observations
Authors: Luo Qiong , Cao Yutian , Ni Binbin , Cui Jun , Cao Xing , Gu Xudong
Published: April 2022

Using pitch-angle-resolved electron fluxes recorded by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft over 5 yr, we present a detailed analysis of the occurrence patterns of photoelectron butterfly pitch-angle distributions (PADs) in the Martian ionosphere. Statistical analysis indicates that Martian photoelectron butterfly PADs favorably occur near the moderate crustal magnetic fields with a strength of 10–30 nT on the dayside and 10–15 nT on the nightside. The nightside occurrence rates are much higher. Furthermore, dayside butterfly PADs prefer to occur near the vertical magnetic field lines in the ionosphere, and the significant day-to-night transport of photoelectrons evades the nightside strongest magnetic anomaly regions. These features strongly support the idea that Martian photoelectron butterfly PADs are more likely to occur in eclipse or near the terminator and that they mainly form due to the adiabatic evolution of photoelectrons that transport along the closed cross-terminator magnetic field lines. Despite the negligible energy dependence in the darkness, the occurrence rate of dayside butterfly PADs observed at higher altitudes and near the subsolar region increases with energy, presumably related to the increased proportion of electrons from the solar wind when measured at relatively higher electron energies, which, however, is limitedly understood and deserves future investigation. Our comprehensive observations suggest the diverse influence of Martian magnetic topology on the ionospheric plasma in different spatial regions, and, in turn, analysis of their influence allows us a better understanding of the intricate Martian global magnetic system.
Spatial Power Spectral Analysis of the Suzaku X-Ray Background
Authors: Zhou Yu , Mitsuda Kazuhisa , Yamasaki Noriko Y.
Published: April 2022

Power spectra of spatial fluctuations of X-ray emission may impose constraints on the origins of the emission independent of that from the energy spectra. We generated spatial power spectrum densities (PSDs) of blank X-ray skies observed with the Suzaku X-ray observatory utilizing the modified Δ-variance method. Using the total measured count rate as the diagnostic tool, we found that a model consisting of the sum of two components, one for the unresolved faint point sources and one for the uniform flat-field emission, can represent well the observed PSD in three different energy bands (0.2–0.5, 0.5–2, and 2–10 keV); only an upper limit is obtained for the latter component in 2–10 keV. X-ray counting rates corresponding to the best-fit PSD model functions and diffuse emission fractions were estimated, and we confirmed that the sum of the counting rates of two model components is consistent with those actually observed with the detector for all energy bands. The ratio of the flat-field counting rate to the total in 0.5–2 keV, however, is significantly larger than the diffuse emission fraction estimated from the model fits of energy spectra. We discussed that this discrepancy can be reconciled by systematic effects in the PSD and energy spectrum analyses. The present study demonstrates that the spatial power spectrum analysis is powerful in constraining the origins of the X-ray emission.
Effects of an Immortal Stellar Population in AGN Disks
Authors: Jermyn Adam S. , Dittmann Alexander J. , McKernan B. , Ford K. E. S. , Cantiello Matteo
Published: April 2022

Stars are likely embedded in the gas disks of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Theoretical models predict that in the inner regions of the disk, these stars accrete rapidly, with fresh gas replenishing hydrogen in their cores faster than it is burned into helium, effectively stalling their evolution at hydrogen burning. We produce order-of-magnitude estimates of the number of such stars in a fiducial AGN disk. We find numbers of order 102–4, confined to the inner r
cap ∼ 3000r

s
∼ 0.03 pc. These stars can profoundly alter the chemistry of AGN disks, enriching them in helium and depleting them in hydrogen, both by order-unity amounts. We further consider mergers between these stars and other disk objects, suggesting that star–star mergers result in rapid mass loss from the remnant to restore an equilibrium mass, while star–compact object mergers may result in exotic outcomes and even host binary black hole mergers within themselves. Finally, we examine how these stars react as the disk dissipates toward the end of its life, and find that they may return mass to the disk fast enough to extend its lifetime by a factor of several and/or may drive powerful outflows from the disk. Post-AGN, these stars rapidly lose mass and form a population of stellar mass black holes around 10M
⊙. Due to the complex and uncertain interactions between embedded stars and the disk, their plausible ubiquity, and their order-unity impact on disk structure and evolution, they must be included in realistic disk models.
EMPRESS. VI. Outflows Investigated in Low-mass Galaxies with M
∗ = 104–107
M
⊙: Weak Feedback in Low-mass Galaxies?
Authors: Xu Yi , Ouchi Masami , Rauch Michael , Nakajima Kimihiko , Harikane Yuichi , Sugahara Yuma , Komiyama Yutaka , Kusakabe Haruka , Fujimoto Seiji , Isobe Yuki , Kim Ji Hoon , Ono Yoshiaki , Zahedy Fakhri S.
Published: April 2022

We study emission line profiles of 21 nearby low-mass (M
* = 104–107
M
⊙) galaxies in deep medium-high resolution spectra taken with Magellan/MagE. These low-mass galaxies are actively star-forming systems with high specific star formation rates of ∼100–1000 Gyr−1 that are well above the star formation main sequence and its extrapolation. We identify broad-line components of Hα and [O iii]λ5007 emission in 14 out of the 21 galaxies that cannot be explained by the MagE instrumental profile or the natural broadening of line emission. We conduct double-Gaussian profile fitting to the emission of the 14 galaxies, and find that the broad-line components have line widths significantly larger than those of the narrow-line components, indicative of galactic outflows. The broad-line components have moderately large line widths of ∼100 km s−1. We estimate the maximum outflow velocities v
max and obtain values of ≃60–200 km s−1, which are found to be comparable to or slightly larger than the escape velocities. Positive correlations of v
max with star formation rates, stellar masses, and circular velocities extend down into this low-mass regime. Broad- to narrow-line flux ratios (BNRs) are generally found to be smaller than those of massive galaxies. The small v
max and BNRs suggest that the mass-loading factors η can be as small as 0.1–1 or below, in contrast to the large η of energy-driven outflows predicted by numerical simulations.
An 8.56 keV Absorption Line in the Hyperluminous X-Ray Source in NGC 4045: Ultrafast Outflow or Cyclotron Line?
Authors: Brightman Murray , Kosec Peter , Fürst Felix , Earnshaw Hannah , Heida Marianne , Middleton Matthew J , Stern Daniel , Walton Dominic J
Published: April 2022

We report on the discovery of an absorption line at

E
=

8.56

−
0.11

+
0.05

keV detected with a significance of >3.3σ in the NuSTAR and XMM-Newton spectra of a newly discovered hyperluminous X-ray source (L
X > 1041 erg s−1) in the galaxy NGC 4045 at a distance of 32 Mpc. The source was first discovered serendipitously in a Swift/XRT observation of the galaxy, and Swift monitoring reveals a highly variable source changing by over an order of magnitude from maximum to minimum. The origin of the absorption line appears likely to be from highly ionized iron with a blueshift of 0.19c, indicating an ultrafast outflow. However, the large equivalent width of the line (

EW
=
−

0.22

−
0.09

+
0.08

keV) paired with the lack of other absorption lines detected is difficult to reconcile with models. An alternative explanation is that the line is due to a cyclotron resonance scattering feature produced by the interaction of X-ray photons with the powerful magnetic field of a neutron star.
Approximating Density Probability Distribution Functions Across Cosmologies
Authors: Chen Huanqing , Gnedin Nickolay Y. , Mansfield Philip
Published: April 2022

Using a suite of self-similar cosmological simulations, we measure the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of real-space density, redshift-space density, and their geometric mean. We find that the real-space density PDF is well-described by a function of two parameters: n

s
, the spectral slope, and σ

L
, the linear rms density fluctuation. For redshift-space density and the geometric mean of real- and redshift-space densities, we introduce a third parameter,

s

L

=

〈

dv

pec

L

/

dr

2

〉

/

H

. We find that density PDFs for the LCDM cosmology is also well-parameterized by these three parameters. As a result, we are able to use a suite of self-similar cosmological simulations to approximate density PDFs for a range of cosmologies. We make the density PDFs publicly available and provide an analytical fitting formula for them.
Anatomy of Pulsar XTE J1829-098: Ultramassive SXFT with a Dominant Nondipolar Magnetic Field, or the Third Canonical HMXB Caught at the Bottom of the Corbet Gap?
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitris M. , Bhattacharya Sayantan , Laycock Silas G. T. , Kazanas Demosthenes
Published: April 2022

The X-ray binary pulsar XTE J1829-098 has been observed at extremely low luminosities for its spin period of 7.8448 s. Although its distance is uncertain by a factor of 4, the lowest observed X-ray fluxes may not correspond to its minimal-accretion propeller state or to nonaccreting states occurring at even lower X-ray luminosities, in which case the source has been caught at the bottom of the Corbet gap. We analyze all proposed distances D to the binary and the lowest X-ray fluxes, and we find only two physically acceptable solutions: (a) For D = 4.5 kpc (if the companion is a main-sequence B0 star), the neutron star is canonical with mass 1.41 M
⊙, radius 10.1 km, and a purely dipolar magnetic field as indicated by a cyclotron absorption line detected at 15 keV. In this case, the source has been observed at the bottom of the Corbet gap, the third high-mass X-ray binary pulsar to be caught in this state after the “twins” 4U 0115+63 and V 0332+53 found by Tsygankov et al. (b) For D = 18 kpc (if the companion is a B0.5Ib supergiant), the neutron star is ultramassive with mass 2.62 M
⊙, radius 18.7 km, and a dominant nondipolar magnetic field B
mul = 1.26 TG (versus a dipolar component of only B
dip = 0.43 TG). In this case, the source has been observed in its propeller state.
A Model of Homologous Confined and Ejective Eruptions Involving Kink Instability and Flux Cancellation
Authors: Hassanin Alshaimaa , Kliem Bernhard , Seehafer Norbert , Török Tibor
Published: April 2022

In this study, we model a sequence of a confined and a full eruption, employing the relaxed end state of the confined eruption of a kink-unstable flux rope as the initial condition for the ejective one. The full eruption, a model of a coronal mass ejection, develops as a result of converging motions imposed at the photospheric boundary, which drive flux cancellation. In this process, parts of the positive and negative external flux converge toward the polarity inversion line, reconnect, and cancel each other. Flux of the same amount as the canceled flux transfers to a flux rope, increasing the free magnetic energy of the coronal field. With sustained flux cancellation and the associated progressive weakening of the magnetic tension of the overlying flux, we find that a flux reduction of ≈11% initiates the torus instability of the flux rope, which leads to a full eruption. These results demonstrate that a homologous full eruption, following a confined one, can be driven by flux cancellation.
Using Maximum Circular Velocity in Halo Occupation Distribution Models to Predict Galaxy Clustering
Authors: Mezini Lorena , Wang Kuan , Mao Yao-Yuan , Zentner Andrew R.
Published: April 2022

Standard halo occupation distribution (HOD) models predict how galaxies occupy halos based on a single property, the virial mass, M
vir. To incorporate galaxy assembly bias, we consider alternative halo mass proxies to use in the HOD. A promising replacement is maximum circular velocity,

V

max

, which measures the halo’s potential well, and successfully predicts galaxy clustering in subhalo abundance matching models. We fit galaxy clustering measurements from SDSS DR7 with two modified HODs besides the standard M
vir-based model: one where

V

max

is used as the halo property that determines galaxy occupation, and the other adopting an adjustable combination of M
vir and

V

max

. Except for the reduced volume M

r
 < − 20 threshold sample fit with

V

max

alone, neither change improves the model performance in predicting the projected two-point correlation function, w
p. We conclude that switching the primary variable to

V

max

does not significantly improve the HOD model’s ability to fit galaxy clustering.
Sexually-manifested variations in pigmentation of Boeckella poppei (Copepoda, Calanoida) from Livingston Island (Maritime Antarctica)
Authors: Pandourski Ivan , Evtimova Vesela , Kenderov Lyubomir
Published: April 2022

Antarctic environments are exposed to high levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) that are often detrimental to their biota. Recent studies suggest that the genus Boeckella (Copepoda, Calanoida) has a high level of plasticity in terms of its reaction to UVR, which enables its wide distribution in various water bodies in Antarctica. Boeckella poppei is common in freshwater habitats of all three main biogeographic regions in Antarctica: sub-Antarctic islands, maritime and continental. We present for the first time a specific photoprotective response in populations of B. poppei from Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica. In non-ovigerous females and in males, we observed uniform distribution of carotenoids in the body, while these pigments were almost entirely concentrated in the ovisacs of mature females. We consider this as a means of progeny protection from the teratogenic influence of the high level of UVR in Antarctic environments. Unequivocally, such adaptation would facilitate the expansion of B. poppei on the continent through colonisation and survival in shallow freshwater habitats. Given that the Antarctic environment is dynamically changing over the past decades and the accelerated retreat of permanent ice cover is a premise for the formation of shallow ponds, B. poppei could be a suitable indicator for reflecting the ongoing global environmental changes in Antarctica.
Comparative study on the oxidative stress of commercially important fish species from localities with different ecological conditions along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast
Authors: Alexandrova Albena , Raev Yordan , Dimitrov Dimitar , Chipev Nesho , Tsvetanova Elina , Georgieva Almira , Raykov Violin
Published: April 2022

The aim of the present study was to perform a pilot assessment and analysis of the oxidative stress (OS) level in four commercially important fish species (round goby, red mullet, sprat and horse mackerel) from different localities of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The fish were sampled during trawl selectivity experiments. The OS level in the fish was assessed by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione concentration (GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in gills and liver. Round goby and red mullet caught in the Nessebar Bay showed clear signs of OS with the highest levels of LPO and GST activities, accompanied by the lowest AChE activities in both liver and gills. On the contrary, round goby caught near Maslen Nos (a region with good ecological conditions) were least affected by OS with low LPO and high GSH concentrations and SOD activity. There were no significant differences in the OS bioindicators of horse mackerel from the different localities. Sprat caught in Nessebar Bay, compared to those caught from the other localities, showed presence of OS indicated by lower GSH levels and relatively higher CAT, GPx and GST activities, accompanied by low AChE activity in gills. It can be concluded that round goby and red mullet were more vulnerable to OS induced by marine environmental factors than the horse mackerel and sprat. However, their antioxidant defense system allows them to tolerate and adapt to the environment of their habitats. Further studies are needed for the assessment of OS in important fish species in the Bulgarian part of the Black Sea.
Screening of Amorpha fruticosa and Ailanthus altissima extracts for genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity, mutagenicity/antimutagenicity and carcinogenicity/anticarcinogenicity
Authors: Todorova Teodora , Boyadzhiev Krassimir , Shkondrov Aleksandar , Parvanova Petya , Dimitrova Maria , Ionkova Iliana , Krasteva Ilina , Kozuharova Ekaterina , Chankova Stephka
Published: April 2022

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential genotoxic/antigenotoxic, mutagenic/antimutagenic, and carcinogenic/anticarcinogenic effect of Amorpha fruticosa (AF) fruit, Ailanthus altissima bark hexane (AAEH) and methanol (AAEM) extracts on a model system Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Plants were identified and extracted by Ekaterina Kozuharova. Three concentrations of each extract were tested – 10, 100 and 1000 µg/ml. In vitro pro-oxidant/antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH and DNA topology assay. The potential genotoxic/antigenotoxic, mutagenic/antimutagenic and carcinogenic/anticarcinogenic effects were revealed in vivo by: Zimmermman’s test on Saccharomyces cerevisiae diploid strain D7ts1, and Ty1 retrotransposition test on S. cerevisiae haploid strain 551. Zeocin was used as a positive control.

Based on the in vitro antioxidant activity the extracts could be arranged as follows: AF>AAEM>AAEH. AAEH possessed moderate oxidative potential. No genotoxic and mutagenic capacity was obtained in vivo for extracts tested. The levels of total aberrants, convertants and revertants were comparable with the control ones. No Ty1 retrotransposition was induced by extracts treatment. Further, the extracts possessed well-expressed antigenotoxic, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity. Significant reduction of the total aberrants, reverse point mutations and Ty1 retrotransposition was obtained. Only the AF extract was found to reduce the levels of zeocin-induced mitotic gene conversion.

The three extracts did not possess any genotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Based on their protective activity, they can be arranged as follows: AF>AAEM>AAEH which corresponds well with their phytochemical composition. Further experiments could provide more detailed information concerning the mode of action of extracts, as well as their main constituents.
Pteromalid fauna (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) fields in Bulgaria – species composition and perspectives for biological control
Authors: Todorov Ivaylo , Ljubomirov Toshko , Peneva Vlada
Published: April 2022

Parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Pteromalidae are widespread and abundant members of the insect communities in the temperate regions of the world. As many other chalcids do, pteromalids serve as natural enemies of the pests in various crops and play an important role in the biological control of these harmful insects. Here we present the results of a field study in Bulgaria which was focused on the diversity of family Pteromalidae in ten oilseed rape fields. All samples were collected by sweep netting on the border line or inside the crop field. A total of 93 pteromalid specimens belonging to 26 taxa were gathered. The most abundant genus was Mesopolobus – 67% of the sampled pteromalids. The most numerous species in the samples was Mesopolobus morys – a well-known key parasitoid of the cabbage seed weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, in Europe. One species – Halticoptera patellana, is recorded for the first time in Bulgarian fauna. Clearfield oilseed rape fields had relatively higher parasitoid abundance and richness than the fields treated by conventional technology. In the present work we discuss the overall species composition of Pteromalidae obtained from the studied areas and present our point of view on the perspectives for biological control of oilseed rape pests.
Comparative determination of antimicrobial activity of the Balkan endemic species Stachys thracica Davidov during the process of ex situ conservation
Authors: Mantovska Desislava , Petrova Detelina , Yocheva Lybomira , Yordanova Zhenya
Published: April 2022

Stachys thracica Davidov – Thracian woundwort is a Balkan endemic plant included in The Red Data Book of Bulgaria with conservational status “rare”. The plants from genus Stachys have a long history of use to treat various diseases, inflammatory conditions, coughs, ulcers, genital tumors, and infected wounds. Due to its limited distribution the information on the biological activity and chemical composition of S. thracica is rather scarce. The aim of the present research is the comparative determination of the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts obtained from in situ wild, in vitro cultivated and ex vitro adapted S. thracica plants. The in vitro shoot culture of the Thracian woundwort was maintained in hormone-free MS medium under controlled environmental conditions. The methanolic extracts from in situ, in vitro cultivated and ex vitro adapted S. thracica plants were active mainly against Gram-negative bacteria. All three extracts showed equal activity against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The establishment of in vitro shoot culture and its subsequent adaptation in ex vitro conditions was an appropriate alternative approach for the ex situ conservation of S. thracica as well as for the study of its biological activity.
Organic vs conventional farming of oil-bearing rose: Effect on essential oil and antioxidant activity
Authors: Todorova Mima , Dobreva Ana , Petkova Nadezhda , Grozeva Neli , Gerdzhikova Mariya , Veleva Petya
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to establish whether the type of the agricultural system has any influence on the essential oil production and antioxidant activity of industrial cultivated Rosa damascena Mill. in the Rose valley, Bulgaria. Six private farms from Kazanlak (Rose) Valley, Southern Bulgaria were included in the study conducted in the period 2019–2020. The first three selected farms are designated within the conventional farming and the other three are certificated as organic farms. GC/FID and GC/MS analyses were performed; the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids in the methanol extracts from rose petals were determined. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of rose extracts was evaluated by four reliable methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2´-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. The impact of the agricultural system on the essential oil composition and antioxidant activity was evaluated by ANOVA statistical analysis. The results obtained showed that organic farming produced essential oil with a higher linalool and geraniol content and lower β-citronellol + nerol concentrations than conventional farming. It was found that organic farming production demonstrated a better antioxidant activity evaluated by the three DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC methods according to the averaged data for two years, 806.82, 797.66 and 1534.40 mM TE/g dw versus 510.34, 521.94 and 917.48 mM TE/g dw for CF, respectively, with high statistical significance for the DPPH and ABTS analyses. Consequentially, the rose extracts from the organic farming accumulated more phenolic compounds that corresponded to the higher antioxidant potential of the organic roses.
Development of accurate chemical thermodynamic database for geochemical storage of nuclear waste. Part III: Models for predicting solution properties and solid-liquid equilibrium in cesium binary and mixed systems
Authors: Tsenov Tsvetan , Donchev Stanislav , Christov Christomir
Published: April 2022

The models described in this study are of high importance in the development of thermodynamic database needed for nuclear waste geochemical storage as well as for technology for extracting cesium resources from saline waters. In this study we developed new not concentration restricted thermodynamic models for solution behavior and solid-liquid equilibrium in CsF-H2O CsOH-H2O and Cs2SO4-H2O systems at 25 °C. To parameterize models we used all available experimental osmotic coefficients data for whole concentration range of solutions and up to saturation point. The new models are developed on the basis of Pitzer ion interactions approach. The predictions of new developed here models are in excellent agreement with experimental osmotic coefficients data (ϕ) in binary solutions from low to extremely high concentration (up to 21.8 mol.kg-1 for CsOH-H2O and up to 35.6 mol.kg-1 for CsF-H2O). The previously developed by Christov by Christov and co-authors and by other authors Pitzer approach based thermodynamic models for five (5) cesium binary systems (CsCl-H2O CsBr- H2O CsI-H2O CsNO3-H2O and Cs2SeO4- H2O) are tested by comparison with experimental osmotic coefficients data and with recommendations on activity coefficients (γ±) in binary solutions. The models which give the best agreement with (ϕ)- and (γ±) -data from low to high concentration up to m(sat) are accepted as correct models which can be used for solubility calculations in binary and mixed systems and determination of thermodynamic properties of precipitating cesium solid phases. The thermodynamic solubility products (ln Kosp) and the Deliquescence Relative Humidity (DRH) of solid phases precipitating from saturated cesium binary solutions (CsF(cr) CsCl(cr) CsBr(cr) CsI(cr) CsOH(cr) CsNO3(cr) Cs2SO4(cr) and Cs2SeO4(cr)) have been determined on the basis of evaluated and accepted binary parameters and using experimental solubility data. The reported mixing parameters [θ(Cs M2+) and ψ(Cs M2+ X)] evaluated by solubility approach for 15 cesium mixed ternary systems (CsCl-MgCl2-H2O CsBr-MgBr2-H2O CsCl-NiCl2-H2O CsBr-NiBr2-H2O CsCl-MnCl2-H2O CsCl-CoCl2-H2O CsCl-CuCl2-H2O CsCl-CsBr-H2O CsCl-RbCl-H2O Cs2SO4-CoSO4-H2O Cs2SeO4-CoSeO4-H2O Cs2SO4-NiSO4-H2O Cs2SeO4-NiSeO4-H2O Cs2SO4-ZnSO4-H2O and Cs2SeO4-ZnSeO4-H2O) are tabulated.
Matérialité et juridicité. À propos du Fichier national automatisé des empreintes génétiques
Authors: Rabeharisoa Vololona , Paterson Florence
Published: April 2022

Le Fichier national automatisé des empreintes génétiques (FNAEG) permet de comparer des profils génétiques aux fins d’identification de l’auteur d’une infraction dans le cadre d’une procédure pénale. Il fait l’objet d’une préoccupation juridique qui ne se résume pas au problème de la preuve. L’article propose d’explorer en quoi consiste cette préoccupation juridique. Nous nous sommes intéressées aux discussions au sein du comité technique du FNAEG sur la confection et le traitement des profils génétiques qui sont comparés et enregistrés au fichier. Dans la perspective des travaux sur la « legal materiality » , nous proposons la notion d’« objets-textes » pour désigner ces profils génétiques et pour montrer le travail entrepris par le comité technique du FNAEG afin de s’assurer de leur qualité à témoigner, dans leur matérialité même, des principes du droit : sécurité juridique, égalité devant la loi, équité dans le traitement des affaires et proportionnalité des moyens aux fins.
Les effets pervers de l’exportation du droit dans des guerres civiles. L’intervention militaire en Afghanistan (2001-2014)
Authors: Baczko Adam
Published: April 2022

À partir d’une enquête de terrain en Afghanistan, cet article rend compte des effets de l’intervention militaire dans le domaine juridique entre 2001 et 2014. Par l’ampleur exceptionnelle de l’engagement occidental, l’Afghanistan constitue un cas d’école des effets pervers de l’exportation du droit dans un contexte de guerre civile. Selon une vision néolibérale, les pays occidentaux ont appliqué une politique par programme et qu’ils ont confiée à la sous-traitance d’agences privées, entraînant l’appropriation de dizaines de milliards de dollars de fonds publics. Ce fonctionnement a désorganisé l’ensemble du secteur juridique, de la conception des lois à l’application des verdicts, en passant par la réinvention d’une justice prétendument traditionnelle qui finit de miner le système judiciaire.
Petits arrangements avec le droit. De la relation salariale dans l’emploi intermédié
Authors: Sarfati François , Schütz Gabrielle
Published: April 2022

Fondé sur deux enquêtes dans l’emploi intermédié (services d’hôtesses d’accueil et travail temporaire), l’article interroge les possibilités d’« arrangement avec le droit » qu’offre spécifiquement ce type de relation d’emploi. Le processus de managérialisation du droit, entendu comme un mécanisme visant à mettre le droit au service des intérêts managériaux, se trouve renforcé dans la mesure où ces intermédiaires du marché du travail occupent également une fonction d’intermédiaires du droit. Les entreprises utilisatrices trouvent un moyen de sécuriser le contournement du droit du travail en ayant recours à l’expertise de ces intermédiaires.
Cas en Management des Achats
Authors: Frelet Isaline , Viale Laurence , Calvi Richard
Published: April 2022

Quand une organisation modifie sa stratégie, les fonctions doivent s’aligner sur de nouveaux objectifs. Ce cas vous plonge dans le contexte d’une entreprise pour laquelle la notion de Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise (RSE) est à l’évidence un argument très important pour créer son avantage concurrentiel et ce depuis sa création. Pour aller plus loin dans cet objectif, l’entreprise doit aussi prouver sa capacité à maîtriser sa supply chain en termes d’impact sociétal et environnemental, le tout sous contrainte de respect des équilibres économiques. Nous sommes au cœur des achats responsables. En adoptant le point de vue du responsable sourcing de cette entreprise, vous devrez proposer un plan d’action aligné avec le développement des nouvelles exigences de votre entreprise en termes de responsabilité.
Cas en Management des Achats
Authors: Babei Jean
Published: April 2022

Le cas Mandco présente une situation vécue dans une PME du secteur brassicole installée en Afrique subsaharienne au moment de l’expansion des technologies numériques (TN) dans cette partie du monde. En effet, les avantages de ces technologies sont théoriquement nombreux. Ce cas expose néanmoins les problèmes d’approvisionnement et de gestion des stocks dans le contexte africain et souligne qu’un projet de déploiement de TN pour les achats est délicat à mettre en place.
Un système alimentaire à transformer
Authors: Mousseau Frédéric , Hérion Maurice
Published: April 2022

L’insécurité alimentaire déjà en hausse s’est aggravée avec le covid-19. Alors qu’il est urgent d’agir au niveau mondial, le Sommet des Nations Unies sur les systèmes alimentaires est apparu comme une fausse solution élaborée par des entreprises soucieuses de défendre les intérêts de l’agrobusiness. Face à elles, les organisations paysannes et de la société civile réclament un changement de cap radical pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture.
Duane Retraction Syndrome: The Role of Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Adults and Its Impact on Quality of Life in an Indian Population
Authors: Anand Kamlesh , Hariani Avani , Kumar Prateek , Rastogi Anju , Dutta Paromita , Krishnan Ashish
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

To evaluate the role of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of adults with Duane retraction syndrome and its impact on quality of life.

Methods:

A total of 25 adults with unilateral Duane retraction syndrome were selected for this interventional case series. Botulinum toxin was injected in the appropriate horizontal recti. The parameters assessed were ocular deviation (▵), overshoots, and abnormal head posture. Patients were followed up at 1 day, 10 days, and 3 months after the injection. The outcome was categorized on the basis of deviation/abnormal head posture/overshoots as: (1) significant improvement (< 8 prism diopters [PD]/< 5 degrees/≤ grade 1); (2) partial improvement (8 to 20 PD/5 to 15 degrees/≤ grade 2); and (3) no improvement (> 20 PD/> 15 degrees/≥ grade 3). Patients with partial/significant improvement were considered to have a favorable outcome. The impact on quality of life was assessed using the Adult Strabismus-20 Questionnaire scores 10 days after injection.

Results:

There was a significant reduction in ocular deviation in esotropic and exotropic Duane retraction syndrome at 10 days (
P
= .001) and 3 months (
P
= .04) after botulinum toxin injection. The abnormal head posture improved from 11.58 ± 7.43 to 7.86 ± 6.25 degrees at 10 days. Botulinum toxin had a positive impact on the Adult Strabismus-20 Questionnaire scores, which significantly improved (
P
< .05) at 10 days. A favorable outcome was noted in 21 patients at 10 days but only 4 patients at 3 months. Three patients developed ptosis and 1 patient with orthotropic Duane retraction syndrome developed transient exotropia.

Conclusions:

In adults with Duane retraction syndrome, botulinum toxin can have a useful diagnostic role by providing insight to patients and setting realistic expectations. It can identify patients likely to benefit from further treatment and also has a positive impact on quality of life.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(1):46–51.]
Homoclinic solutions of discrete $ p $-Laplacian equations containing both advance and retardation
Authors: Mei Peng , Zhou Zhan , Chen Yuming
Published: April 2022

We consider a $ 2m $th-order nonlinear $ p $-Laplacian difference equation containing both advance and retardation. Using the critical point theory, we establish some new and weaker criteria on the existence of homoclinic solutions with mixed nonlinearities.
Heteroclinic orbits between static classes of time periodic Tonelli Lagrangian systems
Authors: Yu Guowei
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we show the existence of heteroclinic orbits between two different static classes of the Aubry set of a Tonelli Lagrangian when the Aubry set has only finite static classes (which is a generic condition in the sense of Mañé) and the Mañé set satisfies certain isolated condition.
Multi-shockpeakons for the stochastic Degasperis-Procesi equation
Authors: Arruda Lynnyngs K.
Published: April 2022

The deterministic Degasperis-Procesi equation admits weak multi-shockpeakon solutions of the form

   \begin{document}$ u(x, t) = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^nm_i(t)e^{-|x-x_i(t)|}-\sum\limits_{i = 1}^ns_i(t){\rm sgn}(x-x_i(t))e^{-|x-x_i(t)|}, $\end{document}

where $ {\rm sgn}(x) $ denotes the signum function with $ {\rm sgn}(0) = 0 $, if and only if the time-dependent parameters $ x_i(t) $ (positions), $ m_i(t) $ (momenta) and $ s_i(t) $ (shock strengths) satisfy a system of $ 3n $ ordinary differential equations. We prove that a stochastic perturbation of the Degasperis-Procesi equation also has weak multi-shockpeakon solutions if and only if the positions, momenta and shock strengths obey a system of $ 3n $ stochastic differential equations.
The mental health of the health care professionals in India during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nayak B Shivananda , Surapaneni Krishnamohan , Sahu Pradeep Kumar , Bhoi Purnima , Dhananjay K V N , Silambanan Santhi , Silvia C R Wilma Delphine , Nayak Dhanush , Nagendra K , Naidu M Balachandra , Nayak Akash S
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in dramatic challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. There has been an increased awareness to protect frontline workers from COVID-19 exposure and its consequences. To assess the prevalence of healthcare professionals in India during the COVID-19, a cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted with healthcare professionals from medical colleges and hospitals from different states across the country. The study comprised 772 healthcare professionals aged ≥18 years. The main outcome measures studied were anxiety, depression, and stress. Among the healthcare professionals, 37.17%, 33.68%, and 23.7% were reported to have anxiety, depression, and stress respectively. The physicians, female, aged population, and professionals sleeping less than 7 hours are more prone to psychological problems. The results of this study predict the high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among healthcare professionals in different states of India. Increased COVID-19 cases, high pressure, workload, and lack of training are the main reasons for the psychological problems in healthcare professionals. Proper strategies must be followed in healthcare settings to reduce the burden of stress.
Comment les enseignants perçoivent-ils l’efficacité du tutorat privé en Malaisie ?
Authors: Kenayathulla Husaina Banu
Published: April 2022

Cet article examine la façon dont les enseignants perçoivent l’efficacité du tutorat privé en Malaisie. Se fondant sur des données provenant de trois États – Perak, Selangor et Wilayah Persekutuan – les conclusions suggèrent que les enseignants considèrent que ce tutorat est efficace, à la fois pour améliorer les performances scolaires mais également sur d’autres plans, tels que le développement des stratégies d’apprentissage, du niveau de confiance et de l’esprit critique. Toutefois, ces mêmes données suggèrent que l’incidence du tutorat privé ne signifie pas pour autant que la société n’accorde aucune confiance à l’institution scolaire. Les enseignants perçoivent qu’ils contribuent de manière positive à l’apprentissage de leurs élèves et qu’ils exercent une influence positive sur leur vie grâce à leur pédagogie en les aidant à progresser, y compris les moins motivés d’entre eux.
Financement de l’éducation en Asie : perspectives de participation et de financement d’ici 2030
Authors: Lewin Keith M.
Published: April 2022

Ce texte explore les schémas de croissance récents, en termes de participation à l’éducation en Asie. Il illustre la manière dont la demande se modifie et dont les défis de l’amélioration de l’accès et des performances se diversifieront au cours des quinze prochaines années. Les défis financiers peuvent être évalués à partir d’un algorithme de projection qui lie les coûts publics à des déterminants tels que les niveaux de participation, les coûts unitaires par apprenant et la proportion d’enfants d’âge scolaire. Les projections de coûts pointent vers un certain nombre de questions-clé pour la concertation sur les politiques.
Les politiques publiques en faveur des scolarités féminines en France : entre mouvements de fond et résistances sociales
Authors: Épiphane Dominique
Published: April 2022

Depuis le début du XXe siècle, les filles ont, en France, massivement accédé à tous les niveaux de la scolarité. Si les mouvements sociaux profonds ont permis cette évolution, les différentes politiques publiques visant à diversifier leurs orientations peinent en revanche à transformer les filières investies par les unes et les autres.
La question de la réussite scolaire des filles au Mali
Authors: Loua Seydou
Published: April 2022

De l’indépendance du Mali en 1960 à nos jours, les réformes scolaires se sont succédé pour adapter l’école aux réalités sociales, politiques et économiques. L’amélioration de la situation éducative des filles, notamment en ce qui concerne leur accès à l’éducation, leur traitement et leur réussite scolaire, était au cœur de toutes les politiques d’éducation et de développement. L’instruction malienne doit être inclusive, sans discrimination liée au genre, à la religion, à la situation sociale, économique, au handicap… Cependant, malgré des avancées considérables liées aux mesures adoptées par les autorités politiques et scolaires, la réussite scolaire des filles reste une préoccupation dans le pays, en raison d’obstacles généralement liés aux cultures et traditions familiales. Quelles mesures ont été prises pour quels résultats ? Quels facteurs ont favorisé ou freiné ces réformes ?
Interventions scolaires expérimentales dans des conditions écologiques fondées sur des essais contrôlés en France
Authors: Gurgand Marc
Published: April 2022

La pertinence des interventions scolaires en situation écologique est difficile à anticiper du fait de la complexité des contextes scolaires et sociaux. Il est donc important d’expérimenter rigoureusement des interventions grandeur nature en faisant appel à des expériences randomisées de terrain. J’illustrerai la manière dont de simples interventions en direction des parents d’élèves, conçues par les autorités locales françaises, ont été expérimentées à grande échelle. Peu onéreuses, ces interventions consistent en des réunions collectives entre les parents et le principal du collège que fréquente leur enfant, et ont des effets significatifs sur le comportement et les choix d’orientation. Les résultats de ces expériences ont eu pour effet d’inciter à agir concrètement en direction des parents d’élèves. J’évoquerai également la manière dont la littérature actuelle est attentive aux questions de validité externe qui conditionnent la mesure dans laquelle une expérimentation donnée est riche d’enseignements hors du lieu où l’intervention a été menée.
Lorsque le système de financement constitue le problème : l’expérience chilienne des chèques en éducation
Authors: Bellei Cristián
Published: April 2022

Depuis les années 1980, l’État chilien a fait le choix de créer un marché de l’éducation en finançant la quasi-totalité de l’éducation par l’intermédiaire de bons d’éducation (vouchers) versés aux écoles choisies par les parents, créant ainsi les conditions d’un développement considérable de l’enseignement privé. L’accroissement escompté des performances du système éducatif ne s’est pas produit et la ségrégation sociale s’est accrue. Depuis, les politiques éducatives successives ont tenté de corriger ces effets non désirés, à travers une intervention croissante de l’État dans le fonctionnement du système éducatif, en s’attaquent à la qualité des enseignants au travers de leur formation et de leur statut, en intervenant dans la gestion des établissements aux performances insuffisantes et en éliminant les droits d’inscriptions demandés aux familles.