bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence and warning signs for complications of human brucellosis: a multi-center observational study from China
Authors: Shi Qing-Nan , Qin Hui-Jie , Lu Qiao-Shan , Li Shu , Tao Zhong-Fa , Fan Meng-Guang , Aishan Mu-Heta , Kou Zeng-Qiang , Chen Qiu-Lan , Yin Wen-Wu , Zhang Yan-Ping
Published: February 2024

Background

Brucellosis is a severe zoonotic disease that is often overlooked, particularly in impoverished countries. Timely identification of focal complications in brucellosis is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. However, there is currently a lack of established indicators or biomarkers for diagnosing these complications. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate potential warning signs of focal complications in human brucellosis, with the goal of providing practical parameters for clinicians to aid in the diagnosis and management of patients.

Methods

A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted in China from December 2019 to August 2021. The study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and complications of patients with brucellosis using a questionnaire survey and medical record system. The presence of warning signs for complications was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used for variable screening and model evaluation.

Results

A total of 880 participants diagnosed with human brucellosis were enrolled. The median age of the patients was 50 years [interquartile range (IQR): 41.5–58.0], and 54.8% had complications. The most common organ system affected by complications was the osteoarticular system (43.1%), with peripheral arthritis (30.0%), spondylitis (16.6%), paravertebral abscess (5.0%), and sacroiliitis (2.7%) being the most prevalent. Complications in other organ systems included the genitourinary system (4.7%), respiratory system (4.7%), and hematologic system (4.6%). Several factors were found to be associated with focal brucellosis. These factors included a long delay in diagnosis [odds ratio (OR) = 3.963, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.906–8.238 for > 90 days], the presence of underlying disease (OR = 1.675, 95% CI 1.176–2.384), arthralgia (OR = 3.197, 95% CI 1.986–5.148), eye bulging pain (OR = 3.482, 95% CI 1.349–8.988), C-reactive protein (CRP) > 10 mg/L (OR = 1.910, 95% CI 1.310–2.784) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) elevation (OR = 1.663, 95% CI 1.145–2.415). The optimal cutoff value in ROC analysis was > 5.4 mg/L for CRP (sensitivity 73.4% and specificity 51.9%) and > 25 mm/h for ESR (sensitivity 47.9% and specificity 71.1%).

Conclusions

More than 50% of patients with brucellosis experienced complications. Factors such as diagnostic delay, underlying disease, arthralgia, eye pain, and elevated levels of CRP and ESR were identified as significant markers for the development of complications. Therefore, patients presenting with these conditions should be closely monitored for potential complications, regardless of their culture results and standard tube agglutination test titers.
A crisis planning and monitoring intervention to reduce compulsory hospital readmissions (FINCH study): protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility study
Authors: Johnson Sonia , Birken Mary , Nyikavaranda Patrick , Kular Ariana , Gafoor Rafael , Parkinson Jordan , Hutchings-Hay Chloe , Gant Thomas , Molai Jazmin , Rivera Jessica , Fenwick James , Bendall Caroline , Blakley Louise , Bacarese-Hamilton Theresa , White Valerie Christina , Holden Mark Keith , Seale Janet , Hardy Jackie , Fraser Kathleen Lindsay , Mitchell Lizzie , Lay Barbara , Mbeah-Bankas Henrietta , McCrone Paul , Freemantle Nick , Wood Lisa , Lobban Fiona , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor
Published: February 2024

Background

Rates of compulsory (also known as involuntary) detention under mental health legislation have been rising over several decades in countries including England. Avoiding such detentions should be a high priority given their potentially traumatic nature and departure from usual ethical principles of consent and collaboration. Those who have been detained previously are at high risk of being detained again, and thus a priority group for preventive interventions. In a very sparse literature, interventions based on crisis planning emerge as having more supporting evidence than other approaches to preventing compulsory detention.

Method

We have adapted and manualised an intervention previously trialled in Zürich Switzerland, aimed at reducing future compulsory detentions among people being discharged following a psychiatric admission that has included a period of compulsory detention. A co-production group including people with relevant lived and clinical experience has co-designed the adaptations to the intervention, drawing on evidence on crisis planning and self-management and on qualitative interviews with service users and clinicians. We will conduct a randomised controlled feasibility trial of the intervention, randomising 80 participants to either the intervention in addition to usual care, or usual care only. Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and trial procedures will be assessed through process evaluation (including rates of randomisation, recruitment, and retention) and qualitative interviews. We will also assess and report on planned trial outcomes. The planned primary outcome for a full trial is repeat compulsory detention within one year of randomisation, and secondary outcomes include compulsory detention within 2 years, and symptoms, service satisfaction, self-rated recovery, self-management confidence, and service engagement. A health economic evaluation is also included.

Discussion

This feasibility study, and any subsequent full trial, will add to a currently limited literature on interventions to prevent involuntary detention, a goal valued highly by service users, carers, clinicians, and policymakers. There are significant potential impediments to recruiting and retaining this group, whose experiences of mental health care have often been negative and traumatising, and who are at high risk of disengagement.

Trial registration

ISRCTN, ISRCTN11627644. Registered 25th May 2022, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN11627644.
A novel mutation in the FGG gene causes hypofibrinogenemia in a Chinese family
Authors: Xie Xiaoying , Du Juan , Geng Shunkang , Yi Baoqin , Li Qingpu , Zuo Jiangcheng
Published: February 2024

Congenital fibrinogen disorders are a group of coagulation deficiencies caused by fibrinogen defects and are divided into four types, including afibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia, and hypodysfibrinogenemia. In this study, we collected a family with hypofibrinogenemia, and genetics analysis identify a novel pathogenic variants (c.668G > C, p.Arg223Thr) in the FGG gene. And electron microscope observation revealed significant changes in the ultrastructure of fibrin of the proband. Our research expands the phenotypic and genetic spectrum associated with the FGG gene, which would facilitate in genetic counselling and prenatal genetic diagnosis.
Naive skepticism scale: development and validation tests applied to the chilean population
Authors: Ferrer-Urbina Rodrigo , Ramírez Yasna , Mena-Chamorro Patricio , Carmona-Halty Marcos , Sepúlveda-Páez Geraldy
Published: February 2024

Background

Skepticism has traditionally been associated with critical thinking. However, philosophy has proposed a particular type of skepticism, termed naive skepticism, which may increase susceptibility to misinformation, especially when contrasting information from official sources. While some scales propose to measure skepticism, they are scarce and only measure specific topics; thus, new instruments are needed to assess this construct.

Objective

This study aimed to develop a scale to measure naive skepticism in the adult population.

Method

The study involved 446 individuals from the adult population. Subjects were randomly selected for either the pilot study (phase 2; n = 126) or the validity-testing study (phase 3; n = 320). Parallel analyses and exploratory structural equation modelling were conducted to assess the internal structure of the test. Scale reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients Finally, a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was performed to assess invariance, and a Set- Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling was applied to estimate evidence of validity based on associations with other variables.

Results

The naive skepticism scale provided adequate levels of reliability (ω > 0.8), evidence of validity based on the internal structure of the test (CFI = 0.966; TLI = 0.951; RMSEA = 0.079), gender invariance, and a moderate inverse effect on attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines.

Conclusions

The newly developed naive skepticism scale showed acceptable psychometric properties in an adult population, thus enabling the assessment of naive skepticism in similar demographics. This paper discusses the implications for the theoretical construct and possible limitations of the scale.
Parasitizing efficiency of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larva and pupa
Authors: Borase D. N. , Thorat Y. E. , Baitha Arun , Kolkar B. E.
Published: February 2024

Background

This study evaluated the parasitizing efficiency of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on the Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae and pupae. The sixth instar larvae and 48 h. old pupae were individually exposed for 24 h. to 15 newly emerged mated females of T. howardi. Following the emergence of parasitoids, observations were recorded on the percentage of parasitized and emergent pupae and larvae, life cycle duration, progeny, male and female emergence, sex ratio, longevity of male and female and adult per mg weight.

Results

In both pupal and larval, parasitization and emergence were 100%. The pupa produced 438.56 progenies, with 394.76 females and 43.2 males and a sex ratio of 0.89. In larvae, 311.93 progenies emerged, with 259.83 females and 53.0 males and a sex ratio of 0.83. The T. howardi life cycle duration was 17.66 days in pupae and 20.13 days in larvae. Longevity of female and male progeny that emerged from pupae and larvae was 15.83, 13.40, and 10.40, 8.76 days respectively. The overall progeny production in pupae and larvae was 2.75 and 1.60 individuals per mg body weight, respectively.

Conclusions

The highest parasitism as well as biological and reproductive development of T. howardi in G. mellonella pupae and larvae suggests that this host could be employed as an alternate host for mass multiplication.
Ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous thrombin injection for stoma-site bleeding after PEG tube insertion: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Alfahad Aws , Alhalabi Rawan
Published: February 2024

Background

Post-gastrostomy bleeding sequelae are acknowledged, with reported approaches focusing on conservative measures or surgical repair. Nonetheless, Percutaneous Thrombin Injections (PTI) role in PEG-site-related bleeding remains underexplored. PTI under ultrasound guidance is an advocated management strategy for stoma-site bleeding following gastrostomy in high-risk patients, particularly those on direct oral anticoagulants.

Case presentation

This study presents three cases with multiple comorbidities who underwent PTI. Resulting in immediate resolution of bleeding, no systemic\local effect, and no reported complications or rebleeding after a 3–6-month follow-up.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the safety, direct complete resolution, and absence of sequelae associated with PTI, suggesting its potential as a promising technique in managing PEG stoma-related bleeding.
A validated, precise TLC-densitometry method for simultaneous quantification of mahanimbine and koenimbine in marketed herbal formulations
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Nabarun , Ahmed Rezwan , Mishra Kajal , Sandbhor Rujuta , Sharma Ram Jee , Kaki Venkata Rao
Published: February 2024

Background

Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (Rutaceae) is an important medicinal plant in natural products research for its diverse pharmacological activities. Carbazole alkaloids were the major classes of phytoconstituents obtained from different parts of this plant, such as leaves, stems, and roots. Mahanimbine and koenimbine are two important carbazole alkaloids obtained from the M. koenigii plant and are known for their anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-diarrhoeal agents, etc. Standardization plays a vital role in the herbal drug industry for maintaining the quality, purity, safety, and efficacy of herbal formulations, and hyphenated analytical techniques like HPTLC, HPLC, GC–MS, and LC–MS were utilized for this purpose. In the present study, a specific, simple, and rapid semi-automated TLC method was developed to quantify mahanimbine and koenimbine in some marketed herbal formulations, and the same was validated based on (ICH)-Q2-(R1) guidelines.

Results

This study revealed that the powder formulation (F3) contains the highest amount of mahanimbine (62.32 µg), but the tablet formulation (F1) contains both mahanimbine (41.19 µg) and koenimbine (143.6 µg).

Conclusion

A simple, specific, and reproducible semi-automated TLC method was developed and validated successfully as per (ICH)-Q2-(R1) guidelines and can be utilized for analysing marketed herbal formulations containing M. koenigii powder/extracts.
Hydrogenation-induced superconductivity in
monolayer
Authors: Gan Geng-Run , Fu Si-Lie , Wang Chun-An , Xie Ya-Peng , Gao Xue-Lian , Wang Lin-Han , Chen Yu-Lin , Chen Jia-Ying
Published: February 2024

Here, we construct a new two-dimensional hydrogenated transition metal dichalcogenide material, the Janus WSH monolayer, which is created by replacing the top-layer S atoms in the 2H-WS2 monolayer with H atoms. Then we use first-principles calculations to investigate its electronic structure, phonon dispersion, and superconductivity. The results show that hydrogenation breaks the reflection symmetry, which helps orbital hybridization and to flatten the electronic bands. Thus, it leads to a high electronic density of states near the Fermi level. Additionally, the electron-phonon coupling is enhanced by the softening of phonon modes from the in-plane vibrations of W. The strong interactions between electrons and phonons result in phonon-mediated superconductivity in Janus WSH monolayer. The calculated critical temperature (T

c
) is approximately 23.1 K at atmospheric pressure. This T

c
is about twice higher than that of existing WS2-based materials.
Disturbed Follicular Microenvironment in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Relationship to Oocyte Quality and Infertility
Authors: Dai Mengyang , Hong Ling , Yin Tailang , Liu Su
Published: February 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with infertility and poor reproductive outcomes. The follicular fluid (FF) microenvironment plays a crucial role in oocyte development. This review summarizes evidence elucidating the alterations in FF composition in PCOS. Various studies demonstrated a pronounced proinflammatory milieu in PCOS FF, characterized by increased levels of cytokines, including but not limited to interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α, C-reactive protein, and IL-1β, concomitant with a reduction in anti-inflammatory IL-10. T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells are dysregulated in PCOS FF. PCOS FF exhibit heightened reactive oxygen species production and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation byproducts, and impaired antioxidant defenses. Multiple microRNAs are dysregulated in PCOS FF, disrupting signaling critical to granulosa cell function. Proteomic analysis reveals changes in pathways related to immune responses, metabolic perturbations, angiogenesis, and hormone regulation. Metabolomics identify disturbances in glucose metabolism, amino acids, lipid profiles, and steroid levels with PCOS FF. Collectively, these pathological alterations may adversely affect oocyte quality, embryo development, and fertility outcomes. Further research on larger cohorts is needed to validate these findings and to forge the development of prognostic biomarkers of oocyte developmental competence within FF. Characterizing the follicular environment in PCOS is key to elucidating the mechanisms underlying subfertility in this challenging disorder.
The Immune Landscape of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Current Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Uher Ondrej , Hadrava Vanova Katerina , Taïeb David , Calsina Bruna , Robledo Mercedes , Clifton-Bligh Roderick , Pacak Karel
Published: February 2024

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors derived from neural crest cells from adrenal medullary chromaffin tissues and extra-adrenal paraganglia, respectively. Although the current treatment for PPGLs is surgery, optimal treatment options for advanced and metastatic cases have been limited. Hence, understanding the role of the immune system in PPGL tumorigenesis can provide essential knowledge for the development of better therapeutic and tumor management strategies, especially for those with advanced and metastatic PPGLs. The first part of this review outlines the fundamental principles of the immune system and tumor microenvironment, and their role in cancer immunoediting, particularly emphasizing PPGLs. We focus on how the unique pathophysiology of PPGLs, such as their high molecular, biochemical, and imaging heterogeneity and production of several oncometabolites, creates a tumor-specific microenvironment and immunologically “cold” tumors. Thereafter, we discuss recently published studies related to the reclustering of PPGLs based on their immune signature. The second part of this review discusses future perspectives in PPGL management, including immunodiagnostic and promising immunotherapeutic approaches for converting “cold” tumors into immunologically active or “hot” tumors known for their better immunotherapy response and patient outcomes. Special emphasis is placed on potent immune-related imaging strategies and immune signatures that could be used for the reclassification, prognostication, and management of these tumors to improve patient care and prognosis. Furthermore, we introduce currently available immunotherapies and their possible combinations with other available therapies as an emerging treatment for PPGLs that targets hostile tumor environments.
A Behavioral and Electroencephalographic Study of Anesthetic State Induced by MK-801 Combined with Haloperidol, Ketamine and Riluzole in Mice
Authors: Kikuchi Yuka , Irifune Masahiro , Yoshinaka Taiga , Oue Kana , Takahashi Tamayo , Oda Aya , Kamio Hisanobu , Imamura Serika , Sasaki Utaka , Imado Eiji , Ago Yukio , Okada Yoshiyuki
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Ketamine is an intravenous anesthetic that acts as a channel blocker on the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, a glutamate receptor subtype. MK-801 is the most potent compound among noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists. Ketamine induces loss of the righting reflex (LORR) in rodents, which is one of the indicators of unconsciousness, whereas high doses of MK-801 produce ataxia, but not LORR. In contrast, we previously reported that MK-801 combined with a low dose of the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol-induced LORR in mice. To assess a neurophysiologically distinct brain state and demonstrate unconsciousness, electroencephalograms (EEG) need to be examined together with LORR. Therefore, we herein investigated EEG changes after the systemic administration of MK-801 alone or in combination with haloperidol, and compared them with those induced by ketamine, the glutamate release inhibitor riluzole, and the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor agonist propofol.

METHODS:

All drugs were intraperitoneally administered to adult male ddY mice (n = 168). General anesthesia was evaluated based on the righting reflex test. Animals who exhibited no righting for more than 30 seconds were considered to have LORR. In a separate group of mice, EEG of the primary visual cortex was recorded before and after the administration of MK-801 (3.0 mg/kg) alone or in combination with haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg), ketamine (150 mg/kg), riluzole (30 mg/kg), or propofol (240 mg/kg). The waveforms recorded were analyzed using EEG power spectra and spectrograms.

RESULTS:

The high dose of MK-801 alone did not induce LORR, whereas MK-801 combined with haloperidol produced LORR in a dose-dependent manner. Ketamine, riluzole, and propofol also dose-dependently induced LORR. In the EEG study, MK-801 alone induced a significant increase in δ power, while MK-801 plus haloperidol exerted similar effects on not only δ, but also θ and α power during LORR, suggesting that increases in δ, θ, and α power were necessary for LORR. The results obtained on MK-801 plus haloperidol were similar to those on ketamine in the behavioral and EEG studies, except for an increase in γ power by ketamine during LORR. Propofol significantly increased δ, θ, α, and β power during LORR. However, the EEG results obtained using riluzole, which produced a unique pattern of lower amplitude activity spanning most frequencies, markedly differed from those with the other drugs.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study revealed differences in EEG changes induced by various sedatives. The results obtained on MK-801 alone and MK-801 plus haloperidol suggest the importance of dopamine transmission in maintaining the righting reflex.
The Prestes Column
Authors: Blanc Jacob
Published: February 2024

In The Prestes Column, Jacob Blanc offers a new interpretation of the legendary rebellion, in which a band of rebel officers and soldiers marched fifteen thousand miles through the vast interior regions of Brazil between 1924 and 1927. Blanc's analysis of the Prestes Column is a showcase of what he calls “interior history.” At a pivotal moment in national politics, the long march of the column came to embody the constructed duality of Brazil's interior: a space that was seen by coastal elites as simultaneously backward—in relation to the more modern coast—and dormant, an expanse of untapped potential waiting to be brought into the nation. Drawing on a range of materials, from officers' memoirs and local eyewitness accounts to physical memorials and government archives, Blanc's framework of interior history helps explain the column's initial rise to fame and also its enduring legacy across the twentieth century, offering a new approach for the study of space and nation.
Vascular Responses to Acute Induced Inflammation With Aging: Does Fitness Matter?
Authors: Lefferts Elizabeth C. , Ranadive Sushant M.
Published: February 2024

Acute inflammation impairs vascular function in an age-dependent manner and affects cardiovascular event risk. Regular aerobic exercise preserves vascular function with aging and potentially modifies how acute inflammation affects the vasculature. We hypothesize high cardiorespiratory fitness may accompany greater arterial responsiveness post-acute inflammation in older adults.
Ανθρώπινα Δικαιώματα
Authors: Παπανικολάου Μαρία-Κωνσταντίνα
Published: February 2024

Τα ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα είναι δικαιώματα τα οποία έχουν όλοι οι άνθρωποι ανεξαρτήτως, απλά και μόνο επειδή υπάρχουν. Αυτά τα δικαιώματα αντιστοιχούν σε όλους τους ανθρώπους, ανεξαρτήτως της εθνικότητας, του φύλου, του χρώματος, της θρησκείας, της γλώσσας, ή οποιουδήποτε άλλου χαρακτηριστικού του ατόμου τους. Τα δικαιώματα αυτά ποικίλλουν, ξεκινώντας από τα πιο βασικά, όπως είναι το δικαίωμα της ζωής – ύπαρξης, της σίτισης, και της στέγης, έως το δικαίωμα για εργασία, δωρεάν περίθαλψη , εκπαίδευση και πολλά άλλα. Στην εργασία αυτή θα παρουσιαστεί η συμβολή των ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων στην εξέλιξη του ανθρώπινου είδους.
Food industry biowaste as substrate for biosolvents production focusing on lactic acid and ethyl lactate
Authors: Mai Sofia , Barambouti Elli Maria , Karamplia Varvara , Stavraki Chrysanthi , Loizidou Maria
Published: February 2024

Solvents represent a major category of chemicals due to their necessity in a variety of industries. The majority of solvents derived from fossil carbon are hazardous to both human health and the environment. In this context, it seems imperative to convert biomass into new alternative greener solvents. The present study concentrates on the production of two biosolvents; namely lactic acid and ethyl lactate, from biowaste of baby food industry. For the production of lactic acid parameters as the dosages of enzymes (5 mg/gLactose and 20 mg/gLactose) and inoculum size (5% v/v and 10% v/v) were examined. The lactic acid concentration reached almost 17.3g/L after 144 hours with 5mgLactozymePure/glactose and 10%v/v inoculum size. Repeated fermentation was also applied yielding a lactic acid productivity of 0.97 g/L h, which is 8 times higher than the conventional batch fermentation. Moreover, the production of ethyl lactate from bioethanol and lactic acid from the fermentation broth was examined. Lactic acid conversion yields as high as 59.9% at 255min were observed. Overall, the results of this work are very promising but further research is needed to optimize conditions and evaluate scalability of the production of these biosolvents from biowaste, since the production of lactic acid and ethyl-lactate from biowaste provides a sustainable approach to the circular economy, limiting waste and minimizing the environmental effect of industrial processes.
Turmeric extract gel and honey in post-cesarean section wound healing: A preliminary study
Authors: Nilawati Usman Andi , Sartini Sartini , Yulianti Risfah , Kamsurya Melani , Oktaviana Agriyaningsih , Nulandari Zafitri , Agustin Dinah Inrawati , Fendi Fendi
Published: February 2024

Background Delivery by cesarean section (SC) increases the risk of a surgical site infection (SSI). Therapy from health services and complementary therapy reduce the risk of infection and accelerate the wound-healing process. This study compared wound healing after SC with a turmeric extract gel and original Trigona honey. Methods Female white rats (Rattus novergicus) with pre- and post-testing and a control group were included in this experiment, which was conducted in June-July 2022. The test animals were 56 female white rats, 2-4 months old, weighing 150–350 g. The treatment group was divided into three subgroups with application of 50% and 75% turmeric extract gel and Trigona honey. The turmeric was given twice daily, and the honey was divided into two applications of twice a day and once a day. Wounds were assessed using the Reeda Scale. Results The fastest wound healing occurred in the group given Trigona honey twice daily. Redness, ecchymosis, and edema disappeared in this group on day 9 (score 0), and granulation tissue formed on day 9. The group that was administered 50% and 75% turmeric gel extract and Trigona honey once a day healed by days 12 and 15, respectively; all three of these interventions were better than the control group. Conclusions Administering Trigona honey twice daily was more effective for accelerating wound healing than the 50% or 75% turmeric extract gel. Original Trigona honey has the potential to be a post-SC wound healing agent.
Life of Pi: Exploring functions of Pi16+ fibroblasts
Authors: McCartney Erika E. , Chung Yein , Buechler Matthew B.
Published: February 2024

Fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells that are responsible for creating and maintaining tissue architecture through the production of extracellular matrix. These cells also play critical roles in processes such as wound repair and immune modulation in normal tissues and various disease states including fibrosis, autoimmunity, and cancer. Fibroblasts have a complex repertoire of functions that vary by organ, inflammatory state, and the developmental stage of an organism. How fibroblasts manage so many functions in such a context-dependent manner represents a gap in our understanding of these cells. One possibility is that a tissue-resident precursor cell state exists that provides the fibroblast lineage with flexibility during growth, inflammation, or other contexts that require dynamic tissue changes. Recent work has suggested that a precursor fibroblast cell state is marked by expression of Peptidase inhibitor 16 (Pi16). This review aims to concatenate and compare studies on fibroblasts that express Pi16 to clarify the roles of this cell state in fibroblast lineage development and other functions.
Biodiversidade de Arachnida e Myriapoda (Arthropoda) do leste Maranhense, nordeste do Brasil: subsídios para a Coleção Didática Zoológica da UFMA/Campus de Codó
Authors: Silva Raylana Lira , Silva Jacyelle Santos , Silva José Orlando de Almeida , Bouzan Rodrigo Salvador , Brescovit Antonio D. , Iniesta Luiz Felipe Moretti
Published: February 2024

Coleções biológicas são a base da pesquisa taxonômica, pois fornecem dados sobre a riqueza de espécies e diversidade biológica regionais. Espécimes depositados em coleções estão sistematicamente organizados e identificados, o que permite o conhecimento da biodiversidade, bem como o seu uso para fins educacionais. No município de Codó, no estado do Maranhão, na região Nordeste do Brasil, está localizado um dos campi da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA) e cuja região é conhecida pela grande abundância de Arecaceae, mas sem nenhuma unidade de conservação. Com o objetivo de subsidiar informações sobre a coleção didática do campus da UFMA, o presente estudo contribuiu com a organização de artrópodes dessa coleção, em especial os Arachnida e Myriapoda, além de fornecer informações sobre a ecologia e distribuição desses táxons na região. A região do povoado Amorim apresentou a maior riqueza de espécies, em especial da classe Diplopoda, e diversidade, enquanto o povoado de Bruacas apresentou a maior equitabilidade. As regiões de Amorim, Bacabinha e Bruacas apresentaram grande similaridade faunística. Ressaltamos que as áreas dos povoados nos quais foram obtidas as amostras de Arachnida e Myriapoda sofrem com o avanço de atividades extrativistas, o que pode acarretar a perda da diversidade biológica nas áreas ainda quase que inexploradas para a fauna. Assim, essas informações são importantes para atenuar essa subamostragem e subsidiar o conhecimento sobre a biodiversidade local.
‘Grow your own’: optimising the contribution of the occupational therapy support workforce
Authors: Griffin Richard , Fordham Claire
Published: February 2024

This article describes an innovative approach to workforce development that has been modelled across an integrated care system. Triangulating evidence from published research, an expert panel, economic modelling and discovery workshops with practitioners, including support staff, the cost and benefits of the strategy, which is based on NHS England's allied health professions support workforce programme, were evaluated.

The evaluation suggests that investing in support worker development delivers substantial benefits, not just for support workers, but also for registered staff, employers, patients, and more widely. The approach can be used across occupational groups.
Latest clinical research
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: February 2024

The latest studies of interest to primary care clinicians rounded up by Mark Greener
Does Chin-Throat Length Relate to Oropharyngeal Volume, Minimum Axial Area, and Polysomnographic Indices?
Authors:   Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Tantirittiporn Wachira , Sonsuwan Nuntigar ,   Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Powcharoen Warit ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Jotikasthira Dhirawat ,   Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Sastraruji Thanapat ,   Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Pathawee Khongkhunthian Pathaweex ,   Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Kuharattanachai Kachaphol ,   Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Tripuwabhrut Kanich ,   Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation between chin-throat length and oropharyngeal volume, minimum axial area, and polysomnographic indices in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. METHODS The study enrolled 73 patients (35 men and 38 women) who met the inclusion criteria. The face scanner created a 3D facial simulation, and chin-throat length was subsequently measured. 3D CBCT images were used to simulate 2D lateral cephalometric images. Oropharyngeal volume and minimum axial area were determined using Dolphin imaging software, and airway function was assessed through unattended at-home overnight polysomnography. Pearson correlation coefficients were then used to determine the correlations between chin-throat length and oropharyngeal volume, minimum axial area, and polysomnographic indices. Additional correlations were explored between age, BMI, cephalometric variables, and oropharyngeal volume, and minimum axial area. Finally, multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the factors having an influence on the correlations. RESULTS Chin-throat length was positively correlated with oropharyngeal volume and minimum axial area. SNB, ANB, Co-Gn, and Go-Gn were also observed to be positively correlated with oropharyngeal volume and minimum axial area. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the factor influencing the correlation of chin-throat length with oropharyngeal volume and with minimum axial area was mandibular length; however, the correlations were only observed among men. No correlation was evident between chin-throat length and polysomnographic indices. CONCLUSIONS Chin-throat length is positively correlated with oropharyngeal volume and minimum axial area but has no association with polysomnographic indices. Mandibular length may influence upper airway dimensions. KEYWORDS chin-throat length, oropharyngeal volume, minimum axial area, polysomnographic indices
Heel Pain Management in Haglund’s Deformity Targeting Sural Nerve Branches under Ultrasound Guidance: Case Report
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, DY Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Lotliker Sasmit Dipak , Verma Sidharth ,   Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, DY Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Bhalla Akhil ,   Department of Anaesthesia, FIPM, FIAPM, Adesh Medical College, Shahbad, Haryana, India,, Shah Maitri ,   Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, DY Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Mekewar Sanjog ,   Department of Anesthesia, FIPM, FIAPM, Jeevisha Pain Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India,, Sharma Aanchal ,   Department of Anaesthesia, FIPM, Venkateshwar Hospital, Dwarka, New Delhi, India.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Haglund’s deformity is an abnormality of the bone and soft tissue of the foot, also known as retrocalcaneal exostosis, Mulholland deformity, and “pump bump”. The etiology is not well known. Probable causes include a tight Achilles tendon, a high arch of the foot, and hereditary. The clinical features consist of pain at the posterior aspect of the heel which is predominantly present when the patient begins to walk after a period of rest or inactivity. Case Report: We report a case of a 60-year-old teacher with left heel pain for 3 years, unable to stand or walk for more than 15 min due to pain. We diagnosed him as a case of Haglund’s deformity and treated him with ultrasound-guided injections targeting the superficial branches of the sural nerve. This case report illustrates a rarely described modality for the management of heel pain due to Haglund’s deformity. Targeting superficial branches of the Sural nerve under ultrasound guidance can act as a superior treatment modality for the management of heel pain due to Haglund’s deformity. Conclusion: Haglund's deformity is a cause of pain in the hindfoot that should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of any patient presenting with heel pain. Ultrasonography has proved to be an important cost-effective tool in the diagnosis and management of various ankle pathologies like Haglund’s deformity, thereby reducing the sole dependence on surgical management. Targeting the superficial (cutaneous) branches of the sural nerve can give satisfactory long-term relief of heel pain in patients with Haglund deformity. Keywords: Haglund’s deformity, heel pain, ultrasound-guided injection, sural nerve, rehabilitation.
Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor in the Proximal Femur Presenting as Tumor-induced Osteomalacia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, T N Medical College and BYL Nair Ch Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Tungenwar Shubham , Subith S ,   Department of Orthopaedics, T N Medical College and BYL Nair Ch Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Mukadam Moin ,   Department of Orthopaedics, T N Medical College and BYL Nair Ch Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Kokate Sagar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, T N Medical College and BYL Nair Ch Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Gunay Siddharth ,   Department of Orthopaedics, T N Medical College and BYL Nair Ch Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: An uncommon medical disorder known as tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is characterized by severe hypophosphatemia, renal phosphate wasting, and osteomalacia due to a tumor. TIO has recently been linked to a particular kind of tumor known as phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT). PMTs release phosphatonins, such as fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), which elevates serum levels of FGF23, leading to phosphate wasting and osteomalacia. However, due to their infrequent occurrence and vague symptoms, such as bone pain, myopathies, arthralgias, fractures, and weakness, the diagnosis of PMTs is often delayed or misdiagnosed. In this case report, a rare case of PMT in the proximal femur resulted in TIO, and it highlights the long and difficult journey from symptom onset to correct diagnosis and successful surgical management. Case Report: A 51-year-old woman endured persistent joint pain, muscle weakness, and fatigue for 2 years. Despite having no known health issues, she suffered from hip pain that spreads to her knees and ankles, and tingling and paresthesia in her legs, making it difficult to bear weight. She underwent surgery to remove a parathyroid adenoma, but unfortunately, her symptoms returned. Her magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion in her proximal femur, which was promptly removed. The tissue examination results verified the identity of the tumor as a PMT. The patient’s phosphorus levels returned to normal and after a year of follow-up, she was able to resume normal daily activities, bear weight on the affected limb and showed no signs of the tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Adult patients experiencing bone pain, progressive weakness, and multiple fractures with no family history of similar conditions should consider TIO as a potential cause. It is rare and often misdiagnosed and complete surgical removal of the tumor is the optimal treatment for TIO, resulting in the resolution of long-standing symptoms and biochemical abnormalities. Timely recognition, localization, and surgical removal of the tumor are crucial for symptom resolution and the restoration of normal bone mineralization. Keywords: Hypophosphatemia, fibroblast growth factor 23, phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, tumor-induced osteomalacia.
Spontaneous Resolution of Pediatric Varus Ankle Deformity: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas., Jain Neil , Gottlich Caleb ,   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas., Campano Dominic ,   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas., Fisher John ,   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas., Flores Bryant ,   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas., Beaver Cody ,   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Distal tibia fractures are a common cause of physeal injuries that can subsequently cause deformity in pediatric populations. Limited literature exists supporting treatment strategies for varus deformities. In this study, we illustrate a unique case of premature physeal closure complicated by development of a varus ankle deformity treated with navigation guided physeal bar resection that spontaneously resolved without the requirement for guided growth. Case Report: A 6-year-old female presented to our clinic after development of a right ankle varus deformity measuring 14°. She had sustained a right Salter Harris type 3 distal tibia fracture 10 months prior and underwent fixation at an external facility. After undergoing navigation guided physeal bar resection, resolution of her deformity occurred without the use of guided growth. Conclusion: Spontaneous resolution of an ankle deformity is possible after a physeal bar resection. However, in these technically demanding procedures, it is important to optimize accuracy and results using preoperative bar mapping and intraoperative three-dimensional navigation. Keywords: Varus ankle, spontaneous resolution, bar resection, guided growth, case report.
Atypical Presentation of Metastatic Carcinoma Causing Patellar Destruction and Synovial Carcinomatosis: A Case Report
Authors:   Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell Health, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, 11549, USA,, Muran Andrew C , White Peter B ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, New York, 11040, USA., Goodman Howard ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health, New York, 11040, USA.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: This case report describes the third documented example of primary esophageal carcinoma metastasizing to the patella and the first documented example of esophageal carcinoma metastasizing to synovium. Case Report: A 67-year-old man with a history of metastatic esophageal carcinoma presents with right knee pain and an aggressive, destructive lesion involving the superior patella. Biopsy revealed esophageal carcinoma. After ineffective radiation, he underwent resection of the tumor-filled bone and quadricep advancement. Two months later, a recurrent tumor involving the entire patella and significant knee synovitis was observed. He underwent a total patellectomy with a radical anterior synovectomy. Further assessment showed that the entire synovium was replaced with metastatic carcinoma. Conclusion: This report describes an atypical presentation of metastasis with patella and synovium involvement. Keywords: Esophageal carcinoma, patellar metastases, synovial metastases.
"J'écris contre ": Linda Lê's Refugitude Aesthetics
Authors: Yeh Alan T.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Drawing upon Critical Refugee Studies, this article argues that foregrounding refugitude is essential for reading Linda Lê's work, as her aesthetic project fundamentally combats reductive representations to imagine alternative representational ethics. Beginning with an overview of refugitude aesthetics and where Lê's littérature déplacée fits, this article then explores how Lê rehearses these aesthetics in three works across her career: "Vinh L." in Les évangiles du crime, Kriss , and Je ne répondrai plus jamais de rien . Focusing on Lê's consistent refusals in these texts, this article will illuminate both the refugitude in Lê's art and the art of Lê's refugitude .
"Reste métèque": Linda Lê's Problematic Nation in Calomnies
Authors: Tam H. J.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This article examines Linda Lê's Calomnies , her self-proclaimed first novel, as an artist's statement in the tradition of the Künstlerroman in the shadow of the fallen Republic of Vietnam. Meditating on Lê's uncomfortable embrace of the concept of métèque , the article interrogates Lê's difficult negotiation between artistic universalism and the refugee's crisis of nationality, a career-long project for Lê. Specifically, the article interprets the male figures in Calomnies – the lost father, mad uncle, austere publisher, and indulgent TV producer – as representatives of larger historical, socio-cultural, and artistic forces that the protagonist confronts while striking her path as a diasporic writer.
Valuing the Acute Subjective Experience
Authors: Cheung Katherine , Earp Brian D. , Yaden David B.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: Psychedelics, including psilocybin, and other consciousness-altering compounds such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), currently are being scientifically investigated for their potential therapeutic uses, with a primary focus on measurable outcomes: for example, alleviation of symptoms or increases in self-reported well-being. Accordingly, much recent discussion about the possible value of these substances has turned on estimates of the magnitude and duration of persisting positive effects in comparison to harms. However, many have described the value of a psychedelic experience with little or no reference to such therapeutic benefits, instead seeming to find the experience valuable in its own right. How can we make sense of such testimony? Could a psychedelic experience be valuable even if there were no persisting beneficial effects? If so, how? Using the concept of psychological richness, combined with insights from the philosophy of aesthetics and the enhancement literature, this essay explores potential sources of value in the acute subjective experience, apart from the value derived from persisting beneficial effects.
Does Bioethics Need Ethical Theories?
Authors: Sumner Wayne
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: The relationship between philosophy and bioethics remains a matter of perennial debate, but there does appear to be a consensus on one issue: whatever bioethics might want to borrow from philosophical ethics, it won't be normative theories. This essay argues that theories can have an important role to play in bioethics, though it might not be the one traditionally assumed by philosophers.
Recent Developments in Integrated Comb and Tunable Laser Assemblies
Authors: Duggan Shane , Murphy Caolán , Jain Gaurav , McKenna Robert , Gutierrez-Pascual M. Deseada , Smyth Frank
Published: February 2024

Coherent optical communication systems require laser sources with high power and narrow linewidth. Single wavelength laser sources are used today while for future capacity scaling multiwavelength sources are expected to be employed. This paper describes recent developments in integrated tunable and comb lasers assemblies targeting coherent optical communication and other applications.
Laser metrology and beam diagnostic: a new approach to ISO 11146 standard
Authors: Jasaitis Audrius , Renard Bérénice , Porcar Rafael , Levecq Xavier
Published: February 2024

M-Squared parameter is frequently used by laser manufacturers and users to test laser quality. Conventional approach is tedious due to alignment and measurement cycle duration. We propose a new approach addressing these issues.
Dynamic metasurfaces
Authors: Schulz Sebastian A. , Wynne Laura C. , Das Anindita , Xiao Jianling , Di Falco Andrea
Published: February 2024

Photonic metasurfaces hold great potential for shrinking optical components and devices, as well as creating new functionality. Here we present our recent progress on dynamic metasurfaces that have non-static properties and whose response can be controlled post-fabrication