bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of the Perceived Effects of Two Economic Recessions on Event Organizations
Authors: Lee Seungwon Shawn , Goldblatt Joe J. , Daniels Margaret J.
Published: September 2012

Events have emerged as a growing and vibrant segment of tourism economies and there is significant evidence of associated economic, sociocultural, and political impacts on local host communities. while there are numerous studies that have determined the economic impact of individual
events, there are few that focus on the influence of a changing economic climate on event organizations. this study compared feedback generated by two studies where event management professionals indicated the perceived effects of the economic recessions that spanned from 2000–2001 and
2007–2010. the results indicated a significant difference in the perceived effects of these two recessionary periods. Event professionals were found to have a more conservative view regarding future organizational performance after the 2007–2010 recession in comparison to forecasts
accompanying the 2000–2001 recession. Specific recession impacts and methods event professionals employed to reduce financial exposure are identified.
Slum Tourism: Ethical or Voyeuristic
Authors: Chhabra Deepak , Chowdhury Akshat
Published: September 2012

This research note is based on a pilot study and offers a critical elucidation of slum tourism in India from an ethical standpoint. The results unpack a diverse mix of ethical guidelines embraced by the observed organizations. Heavy traces of voyeurism are found. A complex production
process strives to provide both meaningful and profitable tourist gazes.
The Impact on Tourism of Mega-Sporting Events: The Stakes of Foreign Spectators
Authors: Barget Eric , Gouguet Jean-Jacques
Published: September 2012

Many economic impact studies have been commissioned to ensure that mega-sporting events have an influence on the level of economic activity of the host territory. The attraction of many tourists is usually at the center of the analysis. Nevertheless, these studies are still controversial.
Indeed, major methodological challenges arise when it comes to making such calculations, and results should be interpreted with a great deal of caution. We have tried to avoid the main biases linked to calculating the impact in order to develop the most reliable assessment possible of a mega-sporting
event. By using base theory and collecting quality information, we have tried to avoid common errors. We chose the rugby World Cup 2007 in France to illustrate this debate. Foreign spectators were at the root of most of the economic impact on French regions, with significant differences depending
on their nationalities and their sociodemographic profiles. It thus appeared that the regional impact of the event was even stronger, since the host matches attracted many foreign spectators with a high level of income and expenditure. Lessons can be learned from such a result for organizers
who want to host a mega-sporting event.
Dimer/tetramer motifs determine amphiphilic hydrazine fibril structures on graphite
Authors: Thomas Loji K , Diek Nadine , Beginn Uwe , Reichling Michael
Published: September 2012

Fibril structures are produced at a solvent–graphite interface by self-assembly of custom-designed symmetric and asymmetric amphiphilic benzamide derivatives bearing C10 aliphatic chains. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) studies reveal geometry-dependent internal structures for the elementary fibrils of the two molecules that are distinctly different from known mesophase bulk structures. The structures are described by building-block models based on hydrogen-bonded dimer and tetramer precursors of hydrazines. The closure and growth in length of building units into fibrils takes place through van der Waals forces acting between the dangling alkyl chains. The nanoscale morphology is a consequence of the basic molecular geometry, where it follows that a closure to form a fibril is not always likely for the doubly substituted hydrazine. Therefore, we also observe crystallite formation.
THE MODEL OF EVALUATING THE CRITERIA, DESCRIBING THE QUALITY OF ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF TRAVEL BY INTERNATIONAL TRAIN
Authors: Sivilevičius Henrikas , Maskeliūnaitė Lijana , Petkevičienė Birutė , Petkevičius Kazys
Published: September 2012

The significance of the criteria describing various aspects of travel by train, e.g. passenger transportation comfort, safety, travel time, price of a journey, etc., differs considerably. The quality of particular trains, track sections and staff performance can be successfully evaluated by a single number, using the comprehensive quality index (CQI). The paper offers an additive model to calculate the normalized weight coefficients of particular criteria for CQI calculation. A multi-criteria mathematical model, which may be used for evaluating the significance of the criteria describing organization and technology of travel by train for determining its quality, is also presented. Based on the nineteen adopted criteria (the criteria of group B), reflecting the organization and technology of travel by train, the quantitative estimate KB is obtained. Case studies of calculating the comprehensive quality index KB , describing the organization and technology of travel by the train ‘Vilnius–Moscow’, which show the real quality of these processes, are presented. Finally, the conclusions based on the research results are provided.
Comparison of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism and the 1987 American Rheumatism Association Classification Criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis in an Early Arthritis Cohort in New Zealand
Authors: RAJA RAFI , CHAPMAN PETER T. , O’DONNELL JOHN L. , IPENBURG JAN , FRAMPTON CHRIS , HURST MIRIAM , STAMP LISA K.
Published: September 2012

Objective.

To compare the performance of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) criteria with the 1987 American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in an early arthritis cohort.

Methods.

The study included 79 patients with early arthritis (symptoms < 12 months) and a minimum of 1 year of followup between January 2004 and August 2010. Case notes were reviewed to determine which criteria were fulfilled at initial, 3-month, 1-year, and 2-year visits. Requirements for disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy and presence of joint erosions were compared at 2 years.

Results.

At the initial visit, twice as many patients fulfilled the 2010 criteria (67%) compared with the 1987 criteria (34%; p < 0.001). Forty-four percent of patients who fulfilled only the 2010 criteria at the initial visit went on to fulfill both 1987 and 2010 criteria at 3 months (p < 0.001). Eight patients did not meet the 1987 RA criteria solely because of short symptom duration. All 17/79 patients who developed joint erosions went on to eventually fulfill both criteria. Of those patients who fulfilled only the 2010 criteria at baseline, 25/27 (93%) ultimately received DMARD therapy compared with 24/26 (92%) of those fulfilling both 1987 and 2010 criteria.

Conclusion.

The 2010 ACR/EULAR RA criteria allowed earlier RA classification compared to the 1987 ARA criteria, although both criteria were equivalent in predicting joint erosions and subsequent need for DMARD (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ANZCTR 12608000292370).
The Belgian Systemic Sclerosis Cohort: Correlations Between Disease Severity Scores, Cutaneous Subsets, and Autoantibody Profile
Authors: VANTHUYNE MARIE , SMITH VANESSA , DE LANGHE ELLEN , VAN PRAET JENS , ARAT SEHER , DEPRESSEUX GENEVIÈVE , WESTHOVENS RENE , BLOCKMANS DANIEL , BADOT VALÉRIE , COGAN ELIE , DE KEYSER FILIP , HOUSSIAU FRÉDÉRIC A.
Published: September 2012

Objective.

To report baseline and followup data on the first 438 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) included in the Belgian Systemic Sclerosis Cohort.

Methods.

According to LeRoy and Medsger’s classification, 73 patients with limited SSc (lSSc), 279 with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc), and 86 with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) were included. History was collected and clinical examination, blood tests, and paraclinical investigations were repeated. The Disease Activity Score (DAS) and Disease Severity Score (DSS) of several organ systems were computed. An organ system was considered to demonstrate SSc if the corresponding DSS was ≥ 1.

Results.

At baseline, patients with dcSSc had more general, joint/tendon, muscle, gastrointestinal, and kidney involvement. Mean DLCO was below normal in patients with lSSc, indicating unsuspected lung involvement. Patients with anti-Scl-70 had more vascular, skin, joint/tendon, and lung involvement. Patients with anti-RNA polymerase III had more skin and joint/tendon involvement compared to patients with anticentromere. Time to death was statistically shorter for patients with dcSSc. New-onset lung disease was the most common complication over time. No changes in DAS were observed. By contrast, the general and the skin DSS worsened in patients with lcSSc and lSSc, respectively. Fifteen percent of patients with lSSc shifted to lcSSc at Month 30, but neither serology nor capillaroscopy findings at baseline were helpful in identifying those at risk.

Conclusion.

Our data indicate that the DSS can be used to define organ involvement in SSc. Differences can be seen between subsets classified not only according to cutaneous subtypes but also to autoantibody profile.
Incidence of Spondyloarthropathy in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: A Population-based Study
Authors: SHIVASHANKAR RAINA , LOFTUS EDWARD V. , TREMAINE WILLIAM J. , BONGARTZ TIM , HARMSEN W. SCOTT , ZINSMEISTER ALAN R. , MATTESON ERIC L.
Published: September 2012

Objective.

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is an extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease with significant clinical effects, although the frequency is uncertain. We assessed the cumulative incidence and clinical spectrum of SpA in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) in a population-based cohort.

Methods.

The medical records of a population-based cohort of Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents diagnosed with CD between 1970 and 2004 were reviewed. Patients were followed longitudinally until migration, death, or December 31, 2010. We used the European Spondylarthropathy Study Group, Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria and modified New York criteria to identify patients with SpA. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of SpA following diagnosis of CD.

Results.

The cohort included 311 patients with CD (49.8% females; median age 29.9 yrs, range 8–89). Thirty-two patients developed SpA based on ASAS criteria. The cumulative incidence of SpA after CD diagnosis was 6.7% (95% CI 2.5%–6.7%) at 10 years, 13.9% (95% CI 8.7%–18.8%) at 20 years, and 18.6% (95% CI 11.0%–25.5%) at 30 years. The 10-year cumulative incidence of ankylosing spondylitis was 0, while both the 20-year and 30-year cumulative incidences were 0.5% (95% CI 0–1.6%).

Conclusion.

We have for the first time defined the actual cumulative incidence of SpA in CD using complete medical record information in a population-based cohort. The cumulative incidence of all forms of SpA increased to approximately 19% by 30 years from diagnosis of CD. Our results emphasize the importance of maintaining a high level of suspicion for SpA when following patients with CD.
Prospective Study of Clinical Phenotypes in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Multidisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: ZIRKZEE ELISABETH J.M. , STEUP-BEEKMAN GERDA M. , van der MAST ROOS C. , BOLLEN EDUARD L.E.M. , van der WEE NIC J.A. , BAPTIST ESTHER , SLEE THOMAS M. , HUISMAN MENNO V. , MIDDELKOOP HUUB A.M. , LUYENDIJK JASPER , van BUCHEM MARK A. , HUIZINGA TOM W.J.
Published: September 2012

Objective.

To describe clinical phenotypes in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE).

Methods.

Data were prospectively collected in the Leiden NPSLE referral clinic, where patients suspected of having NPSLE are assessed in a standardized multidisciplinary manner. In consensus meetings, all medical specialists agreed on therapeutic strategy based on the suspected pathogenetic mechanism of NPSLE in the individual patient. An algorithm illustrates the process of decision-making during the consensus meeting. Clinical phenotypes are described, classified by pathogenetic mechanism.

Results.

One hundred consecutive patients were evaluated, of whom 71 had SLE (29 patients did not fulfill ≥ 4 American College of Rheumatology criteria) and 46 had NPSLE. Primary NPSLE was diagnosed in 38 patients (53%) and could be differentiated in 21 patients (55%) with inflammatory NPSLE who were advised on immunosuppressive therapy, 12 patients (32%) with ischemic NPSLE who were advised on anticoagulant therapy, and 5 patients (13%) with undefined NPSLE who were advised symptomatic treatment only. Cognitive dysfunction and higher level of disease activity were associated with inflammatory NPSLE. Although presence of immunoglobulin G anticardiolipin antibodies and abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were associated with ischemic NPSLE, abnormalities on MRI lacked specificity to distinguish phenotypes. A history of renal disease and use of corticosteroids were associated with secondary NPSLE.

Conclusion.

We describe multidisciplinary consensus as a standard for diagnosing and defining phenotypes in NPSLE. These phenotypes show specific characteristics, which can be used to support diagnosis and guide therapeutic decisions. Clinical phenotyping and selection of patients becomes increasingly important when advances in experimental science lead to new targets for therapy in NPSLE.
A Journey through the History of Federalism
Authors: Lépine Frédéric
Published: September 2012

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de rechercher la cohérence générale de l’idée fédéraliste, au travers de l’évolution des pensées fédéralistes. Il arrive à la conclusion que le fédéralisme doit rester une idée ou un principe, et non un concept ou une théorie, afin de pouvoir prendre en compte toutes les approches discursives du fédéralisme. En outre, il considère que le développement le plus récent de l’idée fédéraliste est la gouvernance multi-niveau.
Autorité et conflit d'autorités en droit fédératif
Authors: Cagiao y Conde Jorge
Published: September 2012

Résumé Cet article se propose d’interroger la logique politique et juridique du fédéralisme, en essayant de dégager l’objet proprement fédéral. Seront analysés et comparés les systèmes fédératifs américain et européen à la lumière de la notion d’autorité, plus apte, selon l’auteur, à rendre compte des rapports fédératifs que celle, par exemple, de souveraineté. Les contributions fondamentales de Hans Kelsen et, plus récemment, d’Olivier Beaud ont pu mettre en évidence les problèmes qu’un lexique d’inspiration étatiste pose pour une bonne compréhension des phénomènes et des rapports fédératifs, comme l’exemple de la souveraineté le montre bien (plus dans notre contexte européen qu’aux États-Unis, où la notion n’a pas le caractère absolu qu’on lui attribue dans notre tradition juridique). L’auteur s’intéresse dans un premier temps aux fondements théoriques et aux sources de légitimation de l’autorité fédérée dans la fédération, tant dans sa phase constituante (son acte fondateur) que dans son fonctionnement ultérieur. La deuxième partie de l’article est consacrée à l’autorité fédérale et au rôle fondamental de l’autorité interprétative du juge dans le processus d’autonomisation de l’ordre juridique fédéral, préalable indispensable à la création et au développement d’une véritable autorité fédérale. L’auteur discute ensuite de la place de la justice constitutionnelle dans une fédération ainsi que des garanties et conditions d’impartialité qui doivent entourer son activité afin d’être perçue comme une véritable autorité dans la gestion et la résolution des conflits entre niveau fédéré et niveau fédéral caractéristiques du fédéralisme.
Federalism, Territorial Autonomy and the Management of Ethnic Diversity in Africa: Reading the Balance Sheet
Authors: Fessha Yonatan Tesfaye
Published: September 2012

Résumé L’histoire du fédéralisme en Afrique est une histoire d’ambivalence. Dans la course à l’indépendance, le fédéralisme fut une idée qui galvanisa de nombreux mouvements politiques qui, après le retrait des autorités coloniales, étaient apparus pour représenter les intérêts des groupes ethniques inquiets de leur statut politique dans l’Afrique postcoloniale. Cependant, ce fut également une idée ensuite rejetée par tous ceux qui exercèrent le pouvoir étatique, qui la jetèrent dans les poubelles de l’histoire. Les évolutions récentes indiquent l’idée fédérale, à qui l’on n’avait jamais laissé une chance de se développer et qui fut étranglée dès la naissance, revient aujourd’hui sur la scène constitutionnelle de plusieurs pays africains. Cet article étudie comment les fédérations africaines ont répondu à la diversité ethnique qui caractérise leurs sociétés. Il s’intéresse tout particulièrement à savoir comment la solution d’une autonomie territoriale, implicite dans ces fédérations, a aidé à gérer les défis de la diversité ethnique.
Environmental Protection in the EU Member States: Changing Institutional Scenarios and Trends
Authors: Alberton Mariachiara
Published: September 2012

Résumé Les défis environnementaux auxquels doivent répondre les décisionnaires et les législateurs de l’Union européenne et de ses États membres ont considérablement changé ces dernières décennies, suite à l’émergence de nouveaux et importants problèmes écologiques. L’intérêt public pour l’écosystème s’est accru, les rôles et les capacités des acteurs institutionnels ont été revus, et l’influence des instances mondiales et locales environnementales est devenue plus forte. Alors que les transformations politiques et légales dans le domaine de l’environnement partagent une naissance, un développement et un déclin commun sur le plan européen, en revanche, l’analyse des gouvernements des États membres, dans leur division constitutionnelle du pouvoir, dans les configurations institutionnelles et dans les variations des relations intra-institutionnelles, peut révéler des éléments intéressants touchant au différentiel d’efficacité de la protection de l’environnement au sein des États membres, malgré un cadre européen commun. En outre, cette étude préliminaire peut offrir une approche intéressante et divergente quant à la tendance générale de décentralisation observée dans les États membres de l’Union.
South Tyrol's Education System: Plurilingual Answers for Monolinguistic Spheres?
Authors: Alber Elisabeth
Published: September 2012

Résumé La Province autonome bilingue (trilingue) de Bolzano/Bozen-Tyrol du Sud, au nord de l’Italie, est une réussite de vie en commun de ses groupes linguistiques (69.38 % de Germanophones, 26.30 % d’Italophones et 4.32 % parlant ladin), à travers son autonomie territoriale. Le second Statut d’autonomie (1972) organise la coexistence des groupes ethnolinguistiques du Sud-Tyrol. En matière de droits linguistiques, tous les domaines de la vie publique et une partie considérable de ceux de la vie privée sont couverts par un réseau complexe de normes, garanties et recours. Le système éducatif au Sud-Tyrol est fondé sur la séparation et le principe de l’instruction dans la langue maternelle. L’enseignement d’une seconde langue (allemand ou italien) est obligatoire. Un système plurilingue est mis en œuvre dans les vallées ladines. L’éducation supérieure au Sud-Tyrol est fondée également sur le plurilinguisme. Des négociations intensives sur les réformes des politiques éducatives sont présentes en permanence, afin de développer un modèle intégré d’apprentissage des langues. En fait, le système éducatif du Sud-Tyrol doit être envisagé au travers de l’histoire du Sud-Tyrol (annexion à l’Italie en 1919, occupation fasciste, premier et second Statut d’autonomie). En retraçant l’évolution de la politique scolaire au Sud-Tyrol, cet article cherche à mettre en lumière les fondements institutionnels de l’organisation du Tyrol du Sud et comment ils peuvent répondre aux défis du multilinguisme.
La prévention des risques liés au vieillissement : un nouveau pacte social ?
Authors: Déchamp-Le Roux Catherine
Published: September 2012

La préservation de la santé des seniors est de plus en plus présentée comme un investissement social et économique. On est passé de la gestion des risques liés à la vieillesse à la prévention de ces risques et il y a, au niveau des politiques publiques, une volonté de maîtrise des risques démographiques, sociaux et économiques par la prévision et par la prévention des problèmes de santé d’une population perçue négativement comme consommatrice de soins et de services. Cependant la prévention est surtout centrée sur l’individu alors que la prévention collective, plus complexe à mettre en œuvre, serait plus efficace sur les déterminants sociaux. Seul un nouveau pacte social pourrait inverser les priorités.
Filieris : un modèle organisationnel des soins
Authors: Bignolas Gilles
Published: September 2012

La Caisse nationale de sécurité sociale dans les mines (CANSSM) gère des centres de santé, des établissements et des services de soins à domicile dans des zones sous-servies du territoire national où les activités de soins ambulatoires auprès de populations âgées sont très souvent déficitaires. L’utilisation de nouvelles technologies automatisant des actes ou des alertes gérées au plus près du patient permettrait peut-être des gains de productivité et une meilleure utilisation du temps humain auprès des personnes. Les expérimentations concernent le télémonitoring chez des patients insuffisants cardiaques, un distributeur individuel et connecté de médicaments, et un environnement intelligent chez des personnes en perte d’autonomie à proximité d’aidants.
Prévention des accidents vasculaires cérébraux et vieillissement
Authors: Bohic Nicole
Published: September 2012

L’accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) est fréquent et grave. Il concerne trois fois sur quatre une personne de 65 ans et plus. Cet article traite de deux niveaux de prévention, la lutte contre les principaux facteurs de risque de l’AVC au cours du vieillissement (hypertension artérielle, tabagisme, obésité abdominale, alimentation trop riche, manque d’activité physique) et l’appel au 15 lors de sa survenue pour réduire les risques de séquelles. Ils sont impactés par les inégalités sociales de santé (conditions de vie, isolement...) et peuvent être améliorés (contrôle tensionnel, accès aux soins). La prévention de l’AVC, enjeu majeur de santé publique, contribue à considérer la qualité de vie comme un objectif central tout au long de la vie.
Crash Recovery for Embedded Main Memory Database
Authors: Li Yi Bing , Wang Shuang , Ye Fang
Published: September 2012

In the last years, the deployment of embedded real-time communication systems has increased dramatically. At the same time, the amount of data that needs to be managed by embedded real-time main memory databases is increasing, thus requiring an efficient data management. However, system crash will cause data loss in main memory, which will seriously affect the normal operation of the entire communication system. This paper introduces an algorithm of system crash recovery applied in main memory database of embedded real-time communication system. This paper expatiates the software architecture of SDR base station, the cause of crash occurring, and proposes the flash recovery algorithm using for system recovery. A main memory database using this algorithm has been applied in a real communication systemmultimode SDR base station communication system.
Study on the Development Platform of Codeless Data Acquisition Software
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Shu Mao , Duan Na , Wang Jing
Published: September 2012

In this paper, a codeless data acquisition software development platform (CDASDP), which is written by LabWindows/CVI, is described. This software, based on the idea of software reusing, is a visual codeless programming system with built in support for databases, 2D drawings, ActiveX, etc. Users can develop personalized software by themselves and need not learning or using textural computer languages. Complex programming logic can be simplified into 3 steps such as parameters configuration, user-interface edition, and software creation. By use of CDASDP, development cycle and cost of professional measurement software (PMS) is reduced substantially.
Research and Application of Human-Simulated Intelligent Controller
Authors: Wang Zhi Kui , Zhu Qing Hui
Published: September 2012

The principle of human-simulated intelligent controller (HSIC) and the application in industrial control have been discussed. The improved HSIC compensates and consumes the system according to different conditions combined by error and error change rate. Because the parameter tuning of HSIC is completed in programmable logic controller, the control strategy of HSIC is simple than that of PID algorithm and the system response speed is more quickly. The author suggests that the parameters of HSIC should be optimized to decrease the complex degree of parameter tuning process and to reduce system overshoot dramatically.
Research on Chinese Named Entity Recognition Based on Ontology
Authors: Chang Wei Li , Luo Fang , Qian Ji Lai
Published: September 2012

As a critical role in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, such as Information Extraction, Machine Translation etc, Chinese Named Entity Recognition (NER) remains a challenging task because of its characteristics. This paper proposes a method of Chinese NER, which combining Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) model with domain ontology as a semantic feature besides word and part of speech features. Experiments were made to compare the two kinds of feature templates, and the precision rate and recall rate of Chinese NER rose to 90.86% and 88.23%, which showed remarkable performance of the proposed approach. Combination of ontology and CRFs method increased effectively the precision and recall of Chinese NER.
Promotion of the Growth and Quality of Chinese Cabbage by Application of Biogas Slurry of Water Hyacinth
Authors: Xue Yan Feng , Shi Zhi Qi , Chen Jian , Yan Shao Hua , Zheng Jian Chu
Published: September 2012

Biomass and quality index of Chinese cabbage were investigated under the following treatment, control (CK), 25% biogas slurry + 75% fertilizer (Z-25%), 50% biogas slurry + 50% fertilizer (Z-50%), 75% biogas slurry + 25% fertilizer (Z-75%), and 100% biogas slurry (Z-100%). The results indicated that Z-25% significantly increased shoot height and fresh weight. But shoot height and fresh weight significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner when the concentration of the biogas slurry was greater than 50%. Vitamin C, soluble sugar, protein, and nitrite were measured to evaluate the effect of biogas slurry on the quality of Chinese cabbage. Z-25% treatment could remarkably increased the content of dehydroascorbate (DHA) and total Vc, whereas did not significantly affect reduced ascorbate (AsA) content compared to the CK for 60 d. The content soluble sugar and protein were significantly enhanced under Z-25% treatment. In addition, Z-25% effectively reduced nitrite content in Chinese cabbage. Biogas slurry with concentration more than 50% could not promote quality index of Chinese cabbage. To sum up, biogas slurry of water hyacinth could improve the growth and quality of Chinese cabbage under the optimal applied concentration.
The Assessment of the Forest Biomass and Productivity in Heilongjiang Forest Industry Region
Authors: Sheng Chun Guang , Yue Shang Zhi
Published: September 2012

According to the results of the Seventh Forest Industry Region inventory of forest resources, adopting the model of estimating the forest biomass and productivity which is established by Fang Jingyun, estimating the biomass and productivity of arbor forest in Heilongjiang Forest Industry Region is 96699.68×104t and 8436.20×104t/a respectively. Among them, the biomass and productivity of broadleaved mixed forest accounts for 63.62% and 52.3% of the total in maximum respectively. Based on the total biomass and total productivity of arbor forest in different original ages, the total biomass and total productivity of natural arbor forest is 92718.24×104t and 7824.46×104t/a, in which, the young forest and middle aged forest accounts for 67.2%, the total biomass and total productivity of artificial arbor forest is 3979.01×104t and 611.74×104t/a, therein, the young forest accounts for 30.91%. The average biomass of Forest Industry Region is 83.35t/hm2, which is lower than the national average level, 86.07t/hm2. The biomass and productivity of forest in Heilongjiang Forest Industry Region is 103722×104t and 9334.16×104t/a respectively. Among them, broadleaved mixed forest accounts for 59.44% of the total biomass, productivity accounts for 47.41% of total forest productivity, with absolute advantage.
Design and Implementation of a Trusted SoC Chip
Authors: Zhang Lu Guo , Li Zheng , Zhang Wen Zheng , Zhu Shi Xiong
Published: September 2012

According to the relevant criterion and principle of trusted computed module design and application, we have designed a trusted SoC chip, and have given the implementation of the basic function. In detail, we have discussed the design of trusted SoC chip security architecture and the main module function, the reliability of relevant parameter and transfer strategy of trusted root in chip development and application, together with the simulation and validation of relevant function. At last, we point out that one of the most important further research directions is the trusted measurement of dynamic data and security environment.
Design and Implementation of a CIM-SPL Based RBAC Policy Language
Authors: Cao Yan Ming , Pan Li
Published: September 2012

Since the original CIM-SPL policy language does not support access control policy, the CIM-SPL is extended with the RBAC model in this paper. Then a new CIM-SPL based RBAC policy language is designed and implemented. The syntax specification of the new policy language complies with the original CIM-SPL. So it is quite suitable to describe access control policies for information systems specified by CIM. The implementation framework of the new access control policy language is based on the IETF PDP/PEP approach and is integrated in the Open Pegasus system which is the most widely used open-source software of CIM implementation. At last, a case study of Health Information System is used to demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of the new access control policy language.
Factor Analysis of Differences in Biomass Accumulations between Male and Female Populus Cathayana Seedlings under Drought Stress
Authors: Chen Yao
Published: September 2012

The main influential factor of biomass accumulations between male and female Populus cathayana seedlings was investigated from the point of factor analysis under drought stress. The results shows that biomass accumulations of seedlings under drought stress are mainly associated with stem dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), height growth (HG), basal diameter (BD), total leaf number (TLN) and other morphologic changes, and have little relation with intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE). There is sex differences in the mode of biomass accumulation between male and female plants. Biomass accumulation in female plants depends on morphologic changes, followed by hormonal regulation, and finally physiological progress. However, biomass accumulation in male plants depends on morphologic changes, followed by physiological progress, and finally hormonal regulation. Moreover, biomass accumulation in female plants on the morphologic aspects mainly depends on SDM, while is not relevant to TLN. However, male plants mainly depend on SDM, and have relationship with TLN. In sum, our study demonstrates that biomass accumulations in male and female P. cathayana seedlings under drought stress have different strategies.
Honey Quality Predictions Based on Vis-NIR Laser Diffuse Reflectance Image
Authors: Chen Hong Qian , Qing Zhao Shen , Zhu Da Zhou , Tu Zhen Hua , Meng Chao Ying
Published: September 2012

Based on machine version and laser image analysis, the lasers with wavelength of 980 nm, 938 nm, and 780 nm were used to detect the water and soluble solids content (SSC) of honey samples. In the course of the experiment, an image acquisition platform was designed to collect the images formed on the surface of each honey sample, and the image processing software was used to extract the images feature parameters. The results showed that the models based on mean value of intensities had the r value of 0.4268 for water and 0.3882 for SSC, the model based on the frequency of intensities had the r value of 0.6465 for water and 0.6226 for SSC, the model of the frequency of intensities had the r value of 0.7061 for water and 0.7083 for SSC after correction, which demonstrated that the laser image technology had potential to detect the quality of honey.
Subcarrier Allocation in Cognitive Radio Systems
Authors: Zhang Pei , Yang Long Xiang , Liu Xu
Published: September 2012

In CR systems, resource allocation is very important, which can be operated by different rules, according to the different purposes. In this paper, we focus on subcarrier allocation in CR systems, where primary and CR users co-exist in adjacent bands, while keeping the total interference introduced to the PU band below a certain threshold and the total power allocated to the CR users under a constraint. First, we investigate Max-Rate subcarrier allocation algorithm (MaxR-SAA) which can achieve maximum transmit rate of the CR system. Then, focusing on the fact that the less interference introduced to the PU band, the better the PU can work; we proposed a Min-Interference subcarrier allocation algorithm (MinI-SAA). Further, aiming at achieving fairness among all the SUs, we propose a subcarrier allocation algorithm, which is termed as Fair-Rate subcarrier allocation algorithm (FairR-SAA). Numerical results are obtained for the behaviors and performance of our proposed algorithms.
Parameter Estimation of the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signal Based on Time-Smoothing Cyclic Periodogram
Authors: Zheng Peng , Liu Feng , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2012

The direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) signal is a typical kind of LPI signals widely-used in the modern digital communication system, and it is difficult to be detected for its statistical characteristic similar to noise. An algorithm for estimating the code rate, carrier frequency of DS-SS signals was proposed using time-smoothing cyclic periodogram instead of cyclic spectrum according to cyclostationary feature of DS-SS signal to improve the precision of parameter estimation. The estimation performance was analyzed for the cyclic spectrum by time-smoothing cyclic periodogram from the tapering points in the case of limited data length. Simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm is effective.
Modeling and Characteristic Analysis of Rain Attenuation for Mobile Communication
Authors: Wang Ai Hua , Zhang Hai Min
Published: September 2012

This paper firstly reviews the current state of knowledge on the effects from rain when radio waves through the atmosphere briefly. Then we describes some work being carried out by ITU to characterize rainfall attenuation in particular, and put forward an optimized model in which we lead in area overlap factor and the height relationship between base station and mobile station, to simplify the ITU model , the simulation was given by MATLAB. Finally we got results confirming the veracity of the optimized model.
Design of Wind Power Turbine's Main Components and Computation of its Output Power
Authors: He Yi Ming , Qian Xian Yi
Published: September 2012

We have mainly studied the main structure of wind power turbines components in accordance with the principle aerodynamics. We also have taken horizontal axis wind power turbine for example and studied the basic structure and producing technology about wheel, base and other equipments. We have computed the wind power turbines output power and efficiency, and compared with some kinds of different wind power turbines output power and efficiency. All what have studied is important to design wind power turbine.
Time-Frequency Analysis of Frequency Hopping Signals Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Guo Jian Tao
Published: September 2012

A new method is proposed for blind parameter estimation of frequency hopping signals. According to the relation between peaks location on the time frequency plane and component centers of frequency hopping signals, parameter estimation problem is solved using multi-species particle swarm optimization algorithm. Each particle moves around the time and frequency plane and will converge to different species, which species seed represents the center of frequency hopping component. Using this method, the parameters of frequency hopping signals can be estimated. Simulation results demonstrate that the method is effective and feasible.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Momordica charantia L. Var. Abbreviata Ser. Protein Hydrolysate Prepared with Alcalase
Authors: Yuan Xiao Qing , Yuan Chao , Liu Hong Mei
Published: September 2012

Momordica charantia L. Var. abbreviata Ser. protein hydrolysates (MCPH) were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis using Alcalase 2.4L. The acute hypoglycemic effect of MCPH at different degree of hydrolysis (DH) was investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The result showed the MCPH at 11% DH had the highest hypoglycemic effect. In the long-term study, repeated oral administration of MCPH at 11% DH for 28 days significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels in diabetic mice. At the same time, MCPH markedly increased body weight, serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) after 28 days of treatment.
Study on the Mechanism of Vigor Change of Phoebe Zhennan Seed
Authors: Li Tie Hua , Peng Xian Feng
Published: September 2012

This paper used the germination rate of Phoebe zhennan seeds in field to present the vigor, the content of MDA, the integrality of cell membrane system, the rate of superoxide anion generation and the content of H2O2 were evaluated. The results showed that the content of MDA, the relative electrolyte leakage, the rate of superoxide anion generation and the content of H2O2 of Phoebe zhennan seeds increased with the aged time increase, which indicated that the increase of the lipid peroxidation, lose of the integrality of cell membrane system, the rate of superoxide anion generation and the content of H2O2 induced the vigor dropping and the quality becoming poor for Phoebe zhennan seeds.
Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Gene Encoding Interferon Alpha of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
Authors: Yi Yue , Wang Cheng Dong , Xu Zhi Wen , Li De Sheng , Zhu Ling , Li Feng Qin , Gu Feng , Guo Wan Zhu , Wang Cheng Dong , Li De Sheng
Published: September 2012

nterferon-alpha (IFN-a) is a kind of cytokines that share antiviral, as well as immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative effects on cell functions. In this report, the cDNA for Ailuropoda melanoleucas interferon alpha was cloned from the ConA-stimulated giant panda peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by RT-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the characteristics of this gene. Sequencing revealed that the fragment was composed of 495 nucleotides, intronless, encoding a mature polypeptide with 164 amino acids and exhibiting a molecular mass of 18.15 kDa. The analysis of the functional sites and antigenic determinants demonstrated that this protein has 27 functional sites and 9 antigenic determinants, And possesses typical characteristics of interferon alpha, beta and delta family. Compared with 10 corresponding IFN-α sequences. It revealed that the GpIFN-a gene had a close evolutionary relationship with mammalians IFN-a. Phylogenetic tree based on nucleotide sequences showed that giant panda, ferret, dog and cat clustered together and evolved into a distinct phylogenetic lineage. In conclusion, all the data and consequences will provide a basis for further functional study of the Ailuropoda melanoleuca IFN-a.
An Efficient Site-Directed Mutagenesis Method In Vivo in Escherichia Coli
Authors: Qiu Mu Qing
Published: September 2012

In order to develop an efficient site-directed mutagenesis method in vivo, the tests were tested by the following methods. The methods that the fragment knockouted ompR gene was constructed through overlapping PCR, digested by Notand Sal, ligated to plasmid pKOV were applied. The recombination plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli WMC-001 strain, integrated into the genomic DNA through two step homologous recombination. The Escherichia coli WMC-001/ompR-mutant was obtained due to gene replacement. The fragment of the mutant ompR gene was amplified through overlapping PCR, cloned into pKOV vector. The recombinant plasmid was introduced into Escherichia coli WMC-001/ompR-mutant. The Escherichia coli WMC-001/ompR mutant was also obtained due to gene replacement. Results: The site-directed mutagenesis has been successfully constructed in the ompR gene by sequencing. Conclusion: The method is effective for construction of gene site-directed mutagenesis in vivo.
Protein Folding Prediction Based on Levy Flight Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Chen Xin , Shao Long , Lv Ming Wei , Yu Qian
Published: September 2012

PSO has slow convergence speed and low precision. In this paper, we combine Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and levy flight for the task of predicting protein folding based on the 3D off-lattice model. We introduce levy flight into PSO to improve the precision and enhance the capability of jumping out of the local optima through particle mutation mechanism.Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms other algorithms on the accuracy of calculating the protein sequence energy value, which is turned to be an effective way to analyze protein structure.
Freeze-Drying Investigations of Antlers
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhang Shi Wei , Zhang Zhi Jun
Published: September 2012

In this paper, the vacuum freeze-drying experiments of both antler slices and whole antlers are reported in details. The moisture content and the eutectic temperature of antler were measured. A 22 h process curve of antler slice freeze drying was obtained. The freeze drying process of whole antler was also investigated. The microscopic tissue structure was observed and chemical compositions were analyzed for those freeze-dried whole antlers in comparison with the traditional water boiling and hot air drying method. More nutrients were retained for freeze drying in addition to the better physical properties than traditional drying.
Using Immortalized Human Lymphocytes Cell Lines to Screen the Genetic Markers of ADH5 to Formaldehyde
Authors: Zhang Juan , Yin Li Hong , Pu Yue Pu
Published: September 2012

Formaldehyde is a carcinogen with highly toxic effect on organisms. ADH5 gene encodes the human formaldehyde dehydrogenase and is important to the detoxification of formaldehyde. The purpose of this work was to establish a platform to study ADH5 genetic markers induced by formaldehyde. After analyzing ADH5 SNPs database of Chinese Population, the three specific SNP sites : rs1154409,rs28730619,rs1154414 were sequenced in Human immortalized B lymphocytes of Chinese Han population by DNA sequencing. The real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach was used to estimate expression of ADH5 mRNAs influenced by SNPs structure in human immortalized lymphocytes. Different immortalized B lymphocytes lines are gained by genotyping of multiple SNP sites of ADH5 gene. The mRNA expression of ADH5 could up regulate by 0.0005% formaldehyde for 48h exposure. But it showed rs1154409,rs28730619,rs1154414 SNPs has no association with the expression of ADH5 mRNA induced by formaldehyde. The human immortality lymphocytes model might be an efficient tool in a detection of genetic biomarkers of susceptibility to chemicals. The further research should be explored in the protein expression in more cell lines.
The Design and Realization of the Networked Virtual Experiment Platform for Sensor Technology
Authors: Wang Hui Feng , Zhang Shu Zhou , Yao Jun
Published: September 2012

To solve the problem of the traditional experiment way limited by space, time and equipment, and improve the teaching quality of the sensor technology experiment, a development program of the networked virtual experiment platform for sensor technology is proposed in this paper. With MATLAB, Flash and other software tools, multiple sensor experimental modules are developed and designed to achieve the virtual simulation of the experimental environment, the operating process and the phenomenon. This platform has many functions such as data saving, display and printing. At the same time, it can give scores of the students experiment results.
A System for Preventing and Recovering Bone Loss in Manned Spaceflight
Authors: Lou X.X. , Chen M. , Jia J. , Zhao T. , Zheng X.X. , Wang J.
Published: September 2012

Bone loss is a well-known consequence of skeletal unloading in long-duration spaceflight. Its prevention and recovery do not have a perfect solution and often require physical therapy. In this paper, we developed a system to prevent and recover bone loss with the combination of electrical stimulation (ES) and mechanical stimulation (MS). The system provides four-channel electrical stimulation and two mechanical stimulations. Various parameters of the stimulations can be tuned to achieve the best therapeutic effect.
Detecting Lung Nodules in Chest CT Images with Ensemble Relevance Vector Machine
Authors: Dong Chao , Tian Lian Fang , Zhang Jing , Li Bin
Published: September 2012

Recent development of the lung nodule computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) in helical computed tomography (CT) images has shown great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of the lung cancer. One key technology of the CAD system is the classification of the nodules and non-nodules. In this paper, we try to solve the problem using the ensemble relevance vector machine (ERVM). The contribution of our work includes: 1) relevance vector machine (RVM) is used as the classifier of the CAD system. It has been proven that RVM is comparable to SVM in the generalization capability with a much sparser solution; 2) the ensemble skill is used to process the imbalanced candidates, to acquire a high detection rate with relative low false positives. The proposed method is evaluated using 20 helical CT scans, provided by Guangzhou military hospital. Compared with SVM, RVM is slightly better in accuracy. However, it is much sparser, showing great potential in predicting the huge volume CT scans. 84% of the 25 true nodules are identified by ERVM and only 9.8% of the non-nodules are misclassified. A 40% gain in sensitivity is acquired with the ensemble skill. The results show a fast and satisfactory classification rate.
Research on Digital Watermarking Agent Based on Software Behavior
Authors: Wen Quan , Wang Yu Fei
Published: September 2012

In this paper, architecture of Digital Water-marking Agent (DWA) is formally described by software behavior method. Five different roles of DWA is designed with Action Information Base (AIB) and Tree of Action (TOC). And the TOC of S_Agent class DWA is described in detail. Based on software behavior formal method, the architecture of DWA is rigorous and profound. And the purpose of more formal and practical expression to the DWA information system is achieved.