bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐210L: Late‐News Poster: Percolating Networks Improve Mobility in Organic Semiconductor Devices for Printed Electronics
Authors: Jain Ajaykumar R. , Powch George A.
Published: July 2011

A novel method is presented to increase dramatically the effective mobility in organic semiconducting inks by embedding conductive nano/micro‐particles into the host matrix of typical organic inks. Such particles form percolating networks which effectively shorten the channel length in TFTs, greatly improving performance. Organic TFTs with such embedded percolating networks of Au micro‐particles were shown in a typical P3HT polymer semiconductor showing 5 X improvement in device mobility over reference OTFTs without such percolating networks.
13.4: High Resolution and Multi‐Color R2R Flexible e‐Papers
Authors: Chen Heng‐Yin , Su Ju‐Yuan , Wu Cheng‐Yi , Chen Chao‐Wen , Chin Chih‐Lung , Lin Hsuan‐Kai , Liang Chao‐Chiun
Published: July 2011

This paper proposes the flexible color R2R Ch‐LC e‐papers. By adding photochiral dopant, single substrate flexible Ch‐LCD becomes sensitive to UV light. Therefore, UV exposure can cause the discontinuous change in the helical pitch of the Ch‐LC pixels to colorize the e‐paper. After being colorized, the color e‐paper can be electrically driven to update the displayed content. Furthermore, the image could become more vivid. And the gray‐scale image also could become more detail. In this paper, the 75 dpi and 4 bits gray‐level color R2R Ch‐LC e‐paper is implemented.
P‐126: Tunable Lenticular Lens Array Using Liquid Crystal on Periodically Undulated Electrodes for Autostereoscopic 2D/3D Convertible Displays
Authors: Na Jun‐Hee , Park Seung Chul , Kim Se‐Um , Lee Sin‐Doo
Published: July 2011

We developed an electrically tunable lenticular lens array using a liquid crystal on periodically undulated electrodes for autostereoscopic 2D/3D convertible displays. The undulated electrodes fabricated through an imprinting and planarization process provide the focal length tenability of the liquid crystal lens. For 2D images, the uniform LC layer under no applied voltage produces no variations of the phase retardation over the whole area. For 3D images, the focusing capability arising from the electric field gradient generated by the undulated electrodes is achieved.
P‐127: Fast Liquid Crystal Light Shutter
Authors: Komitov Lachezar , Hegde Gurumurthy , Lee Seung Hee
Published: July 2011

A sub‐millisecond liquid crystal light shutter driven by a fringe electric field is presented. In order to reduce the fall time of the shutter a polymer network is created in the liquid crystal bulk. Both rise and fall times of this device are found to be in the microsecond region (100–200μs).
P‐129: A Novel Design of Ultra‐Wide‐View Patterned Polarizer for Stereoscopic 3D LCDs
Authors: Lee Chao‐Te , Lin Hoang‐Yan , Tsai Chao‐Hsu
Published: July 2011

This study presents a new methodology to design the patterned circular polarizer comprising a linear polarizer, a patterned retarder and a biaxial film for stereoscopic 3D LCDs. Based on the existing biaxial compensation technique, the patterned polarizer with biaxial compensation rather than conventional ±λ/4 patterned polarizer can enhance wide‐view performance by using the same patterned alignment technique. Compared to the conventional ±λ/4 patterned polarizer compensated by positive C film, the maximum crosstalk ratio of the optimal structure reduced from 0.025 to 0.018 at ±60° viewing cone for light normally passes through the glasses, and from 0.09 to 0.065 at ±60° viewing cone for light obliquely passes through the glasses at the angle the same as the one passing through LCD.
P‐212L: Late‐News Poster: Adaptive Liquid Crystal Lens for Integral Image 3D Display
Authors: Liu Yifan , Xu Su , Rao Linghui , Wu Shin‐Tson , Ren Hongwen
Published: July 2011

A new integral image (InIm) 3D display with an adaptive liquid crystal (LC) microlens array is proposed. By optimizing the InIm system parameters, our LC lens could achieve video rate and a large dynamic range.
P‐137: An Accurate Electrical Model of a Liquid Crystal Cell in Active‐Matrix LCD
Authors: Park Chansoo , Kim Jong‐Man , Kim Jongbin , Cho Youngmin , Lee Seung‐Woo , Goh Joon‐Chul , Chai Chong Chul
Published: July 2011

We propose an electrical model of a pixel in a matrix‐driven LCD panel to accurately anticipate transient optical responses. We present a method to get accurate transmittance/capacitance vs. voltage data. Our model can be applied to find overdrive values to improve response characteristics.
P‐138: Plasma Beam Alignment of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Yaroshchuk Oleg , Kravchuk Ruslan , Gubarev Sergii , Protsenko Ivan , Golovin Andrii , Lavrentovich Oleg D.
Published: July 2011

We have successfully extended the plasma beam alignment technique to the class of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs). High quality alignment of these materials was obtained in sandwich cells and in dried films coated on a solid substrate. The plasma beam alignment of LCLCs facilitates practical applications of these materials.
P‐139: Control of Liquid Crystal Pre‐tilt Angle Using Reactive Mesogen
Authors: Moon Yeon‐Kyu , Kim Tae‐Min , Choi Min‐Geon , Jeong Jin‐Hee , Lee You‐Jin , Yu Chang‐Jae , Kim Young Min , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: July 2011

We proposed a method to control pre‐tilt angle of liquid crystals by coating vertical alignment reactive mesogen(RM) material on the planar alignment layer. The pre‐tilt angle can be precisely and simply controlled in full range (0° ∼ 90°). We also easily obtained a patterned alignment layer using this method.
P‐141: Vertical Aligned Nematic Mode with Surface Morphology for High Transmittance LCD Application
Authors: Park Min Soo , Yi Jonghoon , Kwon Jin Hyuk , Gwag Jin Seog
Published: July 2011

We present a vertically aligned nematic liquid crystal mode characterized by micro‐lens‐array type surface morphology. The proposed VA mode is focused on obtaining high transmittance with omnidirectionally uniform optical image. In this proposed cell structure, when electric field is on, an azimuthally continuous nematic domain is produced in a pixel. This LCs behavior can improve the optical properties, compared with the conventional VA modes.
14.3: Grey Level Crosstalk and Temporal Synchronization of Different Shutter Glass 3D TVs
Authors: Boher Pierre , Leroux Thierry , Bignon Thibault
Published: July 2011

Quality control of different shutter glass 3D TVs is realized with an imaging luminance meter. Dedicated pattern is applied to check simultaneously the effect of grey level on both eyes and of temporal synchronization. The grey level instabilities and level of luminance are quantified for fifteen commercial 3D TVs.
P‐145: Colloidal Particles Doping Effect on a Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystal Medium
Authors: Wang Meng‐Fei , Hwang Jeoung‐Yeon , Chien Liang‐Chy
Published: July 2011

We demonstrated the stabilization of blue phase (BP) liquid crystal by doping the colloidal particles. Temperature range studies were conducted with imaging through the polarized optical microscope (POM). The BP liquid crystal temperature range was increased up to 3.1°C with 0.76% colloidal particles in BP, and then decreased with increasing concentration of colloidal particles in the BP mixture. Reflectance measurements showed the greatest wavelength shifting occurred with 1.84% colloidal particles in BP mixture. In the field‐induced optical Kerr effect, the optimization in the colloidal particles doped BP LC device also decreased in threshold voltage (Vth) from 34.2V of non‐doped BP LC, to 32.2V of the doped BP LC.
P‐146: Chiral Pitch Dependence of Electro‐optic Kerr Effect in Polymer Stabilized Blue Phase
Authors: Choi Hyunseok , Higuchi Hiroki , Kikuchi Hirotsugu
Published: July 2011

Polymer stabilized blue phase (PSBP) with different chiral pitch was prepared to investigate the relation between electro‐optic response and the chiral pitch of PSBP. The stabilized temperature ranges of each PSBP were around 100 K. The effect of the chiral pitch of PSBP on the Kerr constant and the response time was almost same with the result of pure blue phase (BP) that is the Kerr constant of PSBP was proportional to the cube of the chiral pitch.
P‐148: Fast Color‐Switching Device in a Liquid‐Crystal Blue Phase Cell
Authors: Chiou Ji‐Yi , Chen Hui‐Yu , Chen Sandy
Published: July 2011

A color switching and phase‐transition phenomena in a blue‐phase cell are observed and they exhibit the potential application of a fast display. A reflected color of blue phase is shifted to longer wavelength by modulating an electric field, and response times to switch different color are less than a few ms.
P‐152: Spatial‐Multiplexed/Integral‐Imaging 3D Display Using Liquid Crystal Lens
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Chi , Chang Che‐Wei
Published: July 2011

This investigation discusses that using a LC lens which uses LC to make a gradient index (GRIN) lens to achieve a general 2D display, spatial‐multiplexed 3D display, and integral‐imaging 3D display in one display panel. Hence, this 3D technique concept could not only switch between 2D and 3D display, but it also achieves a 2‐view and super‐multi‐view 3D display.
P‐155: Analysis of Solubilization of Surface‐Modified Carbon Nanotube in Nematic Liquid Crystal Using Flory‐Huggins Theory
Authors: Huang Kevin Y. C. , Fuh Andy Y. G.
Published: July 2011

An analytic study on the solubility behavior between 4′‐n‐pentyl‐4‐cyano‐biphenyl (5CB) liquid crystal and Maleic anhydride (MA) grafted surface‐modified single walled carbon nanotube (CNTs‐MA) using the prestigious Flory‐Huggins model is presented. The statistical thermodynamics of the Flory‐Huggins mean‐field theory is for the first time, applied in the solubility study of the ill‐famed issue of blending liquid crystals with carbon nanotubes. In conjunction with the Monte Carlo calculations, we discovered that at room temperature, this functionalized carbon nanotube can dissolve in the 5CB nematogens when the grafting ratio of the MA functional groups reaches up to 20 atomic wt%. Although it may not be for a perfectly exact prediction with respect to the mixture of liquid crystal combined with carbon nanotubes, we believe this mesoscale simulation can still offer reliable tends and directions toward the analysis of designing “liquid crystal‐soluble” carbon nanotubes in order for this novel composite to become a practical homogeneous nanosolution, and realize its promises in the future.
P‐156: Electrically Stabilized Four‐Domain Twisted Nematic Structure with High Transmittance and Fast Response
Authors: Jeong Jin‐Hee , Kim Tae‐Min , Choi Min‐Geon , Moon Yeon‐Kyu , Lee You‐Jin , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Yu Chang‐Jae
Published: July 2011

We propose a novel method for a stable four‐domain twisted nematic (4DTN) structure by injecting nematic liquid crystal in an isotropic phase under an applied electric field. In this method, no high pre‐tilt angle is required to stabilize the 4DTN structure and thus the high transmittance and fast response are obtained.
P‐159: Slit Pattern for Dynamic Stability of TN‐VA LCD
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Cui Hongqing , Chung Te‐Chen , Jen Tean‐Sen
Published: July 2011

We investigated the dynamic stability of disclination lines (DLs) generated near the boundary of adjacent domain with different Liquid crystal orientation in the conventional multi‐domain twist nematic‐vertical alignment (TN‐VA) LCDs. The Liquid crystal molecules collide with each other at the reverse twist boundaries due to the strong reverse twist force competitions at a high voltage, and pushes DLs deeply penetrate into the active region, resulting in a decreased transmittance in the panel. To ameliorate these drawbacks, the slit pattern was induced at the location of reverse‐twist boundary with the function to suppress the reverse twist force and eliminates the distortion, thus make DLs remain very slim near boundary areas. As a result, the transmittance dynamic stability is greatly improved.
P‐164: A New Transflective OCB‐LCD with In‐Cell Compensation Film
Authors: Fukuda Ichiro , Sakamoto Yasutada , Ishinabe Takahiro , Uchida Tatsuo
Published: July 2011

A new transflective OCB‐LCD with an in‐cell compensation film in the reflective part was proposed to improve a brightness and viewing‐angle performance of the low‐voltage driving transflective LCDs. We verified that wide viewing angle range exceeding ±80° (CR >10:1), a high contrast ratio over 1000:1 and comparatively high luminance (normalized transmittance >0.75 and reflectance >0.65) could be achieved in both transmissive and reflective parts by optimizing design parameters of the LCD, even if the on voltage is lowered to 3.5V.
P‐166: Successive Cross Emission Driving for 3‐Dimensional Active‐Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Displays
Authors: Park Hong‐Sik , In Hai‐Jung , Oh Kyong‐Hwan , Kwon Oh‐Kyong
Published: July 2011

We propose a pixel structure and its driving scheme for stereoscopic 3‐dimensional (3D) active‐matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. The proposed pixel structure and its driving scheme have merits that are longer emission and programming time than simultaneous emission scheme by successive cross emission of left and right images. Moreover, it can reduce flicker by reducing interval between emission times. For 3D AMOLED displays of 40‐inch full high definition TV (1920×1080), the emission current error rate of the proposed pixel structure is from −0.961% to 1.013% when the threshold voltage variation of driving TFT varies from −0.8 V to 0.8 V, and that the error is less than 2% when the VDD‐IR drop voltage becomes 2.0 V.
P‐169: Single Side Emitting Transparent OLED Lamp
Authors: Lifka Herbert , Verschuren Coen A. , Bruls Dominique M. , Tanase Cristina
Published: July 2011

Transparent OLEDs offer great potential for novel applications. Preferably, the light should be emitted from one side only. This can be done to some extent by modifying electrode thicknesses, but at the cost of reduced transparency. Here, we demonstrate a new approach to make single side emissive OLEDs while maintaining good transparency.
P‐170: Influence of HFE Solvent Processing on OLED Lifetime
Authors: Zakhidov Alex A. , Lüssem Björn , Leo Karl , DeFranco John
Published: July 2011

The structurization of organic thin film devices is a challenge, since they are usually incompatible with standard lithography processes. Here, we report on the influence of a fluorinated solvent on the performance and lifetime of small molecule organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). An initial test right after processing shows only a marginal difference between treated devices and reference device. Luminescence decay curves to 90% brightness (LLT90) data confirm that no long‐term damage with respect to the reference sample occurs. LLT90 for treated sample approaches 100,000 hours, which makes this solvent acceptable for wet chemical processing such as photolithography.
P‐173: New Triazine Derived Hosts for Next Generation Phosphorescent OLEDs with Enhanced Lifetime and Stability
Authors: Balaganesan Banumathy , Wen Shih‐Wen , Fu Yi‐Huan , Guo Huang‐Ming , Chiang Kun‐Feng
Published: July 2011

We have developed new phosphorescent hosts having an electron transporting triazine molecular skeleton connected to hole transporting carbazolyl moieties, designed in order to attain high thermal stability, triplet energy sufficiently high enough to be compatible with phosphorescent green dopants. Green phosphorescent OLEDs using PH2 and PH3 achieved longer lifetime (T80 = 37h, 22h at L0 of 10000nits), seven fold increase in power efficiency at low driving voltage (∼ 4V) compared to CBP, with 17% external quantum efficiency.
15.1: Invited Paper: Super Grain Silicon Technology for AMOLED TV Applications
Authors: Lee Ki‐Yong
Published: July 2011

Super Grain Silicon SGS technology has been developed for TFT backplanes for large area AMOLED TVs. PMOS TFTs based on the SGS method have mobility above 50 cm2/V‐s and off‐current below 10−12 A, which enable mass production of AMOLED TVs on next generation fabs. Pixel‐to‐pixel brightness uniformity, related to leakage current and grain boundaries, was improved from below 85% to above 90%. ΔVth and brightness uniformity of 14″ TV panels are 1.13V and 83%, respectively, over the entire Gen. 6 area. Potential and technical issues of the SGS process for AMOLED TVs will be further discussed.
P‐176: Effect of Cathode Reflectivity on Light Enhancement of White OLEDs with Microlens Structure
Authors: Cheng Chia‐Liang , Chen Hsi‐an , Chen Chin H. , Chuang Chun‐Shiung
Published: July 2011

Light outcoupling enhancement has been found to be dependent on the cathode reflectivity of white organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with external microlens structure. It is shown that in this study the Al cathode reflectivity can be a variable with respect to thermal evaporation conditions. The reduction of light enhancement factor is roughly in inverse proportion to that of cathode reflectivity.
P‐177: Extraction of Printed OLED Internal Emission Characteristics
Authors: Hildner Mark L. , Ziebarth Jonathan M.
Published: July 2011

OLED internal emission spectra are obtained from EL spectra and optical modeling by two methods. Method 1 uses normal viewing angle spectra from devices of varying emissive layer thickness. Method 2 uses spectra at multiple angles from one device. Internal quantum efficiency and emission zone information are also obtained.
P‐180: Low‐Reflectance Organic Light‐emitting Diode Embedded with Organic Solar Cell
Authors: Liu Shun‐Wei , Lee Chih‐Chien , Huang Jia‐Chin , Su Wei‐Cheng , Lin Chi‐Feng , Chen Chin‐Ti , Lee Jiun‐Haw
Published: July 2011

Reflectance was reduced by 39.4% at 550 nm in our OLED embedded with OSC function based on three‐layer non‐doped thin films sandwiched by counter electrodes. In this single device, red emission under OLED mode was achieved under 1.5V forward bias, and efficiency of 1.97% under OPV mode was obtained under AM1.5 illumination.
P‐221L: Late‐News Poster: New Blue Phosphorescent Host for High‐efficiency White OLED
Authors: Lin Jin‐Sheng , Lee Meng‐Ting , Chu Miao‐Tsai , Tseng Mei‐Rurng
Published: July 2011

A new blue phosphorescent host with an electron transporting dibenzothiophene molecular skeleton connected to hole transporting carbazolyl moiety has been developed. Using this material, an all‐phosphorescent white OLED with a high power efficiency of 60 lm/W, a low driving voltage of 3.6V and a color‐rendering index of 75 at practical brightness of 1000 cd/m2 can be achieved.
P‐183: Development of a High‐Brightness Dual‐Lamp Projector
Authors: Yamada Akihiro , Kojima Kuniko , Someya Jun , Sugiura Hiroaki , Kida Hiroshi , Samejima Kenji
Published: July 2011

A projector has been developed that can display distinct pictures even in bright, spacious places. Two lamps are provided in a unique optical system to assure the brightness of 7,000 lumens and the high contrast ratio of 2,000 to 1, which are both the highest in their class [1].
P‐185: A High Efficiency Compact Size Color‐Sequential LCOS Projection Engine with 100% NTSC
Authors: Tan Li , Sun Jiaxin , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: July 2011

A CS‐LCOS based projection system with high efficiency and compact size is developed. The light collection system is optimized to obtain about 75% coupling efficiency from LED to LCOS surface. More than 10% of the throughput of the overall system is expected with considering the collection efficiency, color mixing, polarization, surface reflection, and efficiency of each component. Measurement results show around 30 lumen flux output at 8 watts power input including LED and LCOS driving request, which is accordance with the design evaluation. The size of the demo is around 65mm* 50mm* 17mm, with a total volume of 55CC. Almost 100% NTSC is achieved with the benefit of sequential color generated with RGB LED shining and fast LC response.
15.2: Green Laser Sequential Lateral Solidification G‐SLS Process for AMOLED Applications
Authors: Choi Minhwan , Jin Seong Hyun , Park Se Hun , Oh Jae Hwan , Chang Young Jin , Lee Won‐Kyu , Choi Jae Beom , Kim Hye Dong , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a novel green laser sequential lateral solidification G‐SLS process for AMOLED applications. G‐SLS utilizes a high frequency pulsed green laser and 2D mask patterns to manipulate the microstructure of crystallize Si films. Mask patterns have been optimized to obtain uniform microstructure of the crystallized Si films at the overlap region. Thin film transistors based on G‐SLS processed Si films have mobility of 150.72 cm2/V‐sec and a sub‐threshold swing of 0.20V/dec. 14″ qFHD AMOLEDs have been fabricated using the G‐SLS process. The advantages and issues of G‐SLS technology will be further discussed.
3.5: Dual Directional Overdriving Method for Fast Response LC‐lenses on Autostereoscopic 3D Display
Authors: Chen Po‐Chuan , Chen Chih‐Wei , Huang Yi‐Pai , Li Jian‐Jun
Published: July 2011

A fast response Dual Finger Electrode Liquid Crystal Lens DFE‐LC lens which could provide dual directional overdriving method was proposed. By the proposed controlling sequence, the vertical and lateral electric fields could be obtained simply to reduce the focusing time as well as recovering time of LC lens, respectively. Therefore, the response time tfocusing and trecovering could be further reduced to 2s, which was much faster than current LC lens∼ 8s. In addition, the proposed LC lens could apply not only for fast switching 2D/3D display but also for potential high resolution 3D display with scanning LC lens.
P‐189: Patterned Vehicular‐Window Screen for 3D Pico‐Projector Applications
Authors: Mphepö Wallen , He Justin Weijia
Published: July 2011

Tinted vehicle windows are commonly used for different applications among which are providing privacy, reducing transmitted sun light in hot climates and sometimes just for aesthetics among other uses. The herein reported work was geared towards retaining these traditional aspects of tinted vehicle windows while adding a new display aspect component for custom display applications. We applied a low cost dual purpose diffusely transmitting and diffusely reflective pattern onto a low cost PVC plastic film. This custom pattern printed film was then applied to both transparent and conventionally tinted vehicle windows glass to observe the change in image quality projected onto them using a low cost 45 lumens Liquid Crystal on Silicon [LCoS] Pico projector [1],[2] made in China. Images were observed and recorded under the same ambient light environment. The results showed significantly improved visibility on the vehicle windows augmented with our custom pattern printed film compared to those without the custom patterned film where the images were literally invisible. In addition we added a 3D projection prism screen to enable glasses‐free 3D perception for vehicle interior and exterior applications.
P‐192: Novel Flexible Photo Sensing Pixel for Large Size Electrophoretic Display with Pen Writing Function
Authors: Kung Chen‐Pang , Chiang Wen‐Jen , Chen Yu‐Jen , Wang Pi‐Hsien , Wang Ming‐Hsi , Ho Jia‐Chong , Lee Cheng‐Chung
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we proposed a novel photo sensing pixel circuit for a large‐area flexible e‐reader utilizing an active matrix electrophoretic display (AMEPD). The photo sensing pixel consists of only 2 amorphous Si:H (a‐Si:H) transistors to achieve light sensing, pixel switching and signal amplification functions without extra driving signals. The pixel output signal is up to 2V under illuminations of a common LED laser pointer. No degradation of the pixel output performance is observed after bending of more than 5000 times under 2cm curvature radius.
P‐196: Adding Interactivity to Displays Using the Q‐Foil Technology
Authors: Koeppe Robert , Neulinger Anton , Bartu Petr , Egginger Martin , Bauer Siegfried
Published: July 2011

isiQiri develops and markets solutions for human interface devices using large position sensitive photodetectors based on the proprietary Q‐Foil‐technology. These are used to add interactivity to any kind of surface resulting in large multitouch displays and interactive projection screens up to the size of a cinema screen with a laser pointer as input device.
15.3: Smart Power‐Saving Driving Scheme for AMOLEDs Using Dynamic Power Rail Control
Authors: Han Sang‐Myeon , Lee Baek‐woon , Ji In‐hwan , Sung Si‐duk , Arkhipov Alexander , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

A novel driving scheme, smart power control SPC, is reported to reduce the power consumption of an AMOLED panel. SPC analyzes the range of the input data of each frame, calculates the optimum level of the power rail that drives the OLED, and varies the power rail voltage accordingly. As a result, a 30″ AMOLED consumes 20.1% less power when displaying the IEC 62087 standard movie clip.
P‐198: Kalman Filter Smooth Tracking Based on Multi‐Touch for Capacitive Panel
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lung , Chang Yi‐Ming , Lin U‐Chen , Li Chia‐Sheng , Lin Alvin
Published: July 2011

This paper adopts an algorithm of Kalman filter for capacitive touch panel, which can achieve the goals of tracking multi‐touch points smoothly. The Kalman filter, implemented in the touch panel system, can successfully eliminate the noise and smooth the tracks of touch points in time. The experimental result demonstrates the effectiveness of the algorithm for multi‐touch systems.
P‐199: 3D Finger Touch with Sequential Illuminator
Authors: Ma Ming‐Ching , Wang Guo‐Zhen , Huang Yi‐Pai
Published: July 2011

In order to interact with 3D display by finger, reflecting mode system with embedded optical sensor and sequential illuminator is presented. It can really interact with and touch on the 3D images by bare hand. Based on this system, a region based depth algorithm was proposed for detecting different working region to output (x, y, z) coordinates. Finally, the proposed algorithm had been successfully implemented on a 4‐inch panel.
P‐217L: Late‐News Poster: Glass Impact on Capacitive Touch‐Sensing Algorithms: Thinner and Shaped Cover Glass
Authors: Baharav Zachi , Kakarala Ramakrishna
Published: July 2011

Glass plays an important role in many capacitive touch‐sensing applications. In this work we analyze the effect that thinner cover glass has on the performance of touch‐sensing algorithms. To this aim, we introduce an analytic method to approximate the response on the sensors due to a finger, followed by numerical simulation of various algorithms. Results for tracking errors are plotted as a function of glass thickness. We also briefly discuss the effects of using shaped cover glass.
16.1:Distinguished Paper: Rollable Electrophoretic Display with Amorphous‐Silicon Gate Driver Circuit Integrated
Authors: Chiu Chao‐Chien , Hsu Yuan‐Jun , Lee Ming‐Hsien , Peng Chia‐Tien , Huang Wei‐Ming
Published: July 2011

Highly flexible electrophoretic display with gate driver circuits integrated was demonstrated. Beginning from the essential components such as TFTs, resistors and capacitors, the authors finally design a GOA‐embedded display which can withstand 10,000 rolling cycles of 20 mm radius without any line defect and optic performance degradation.
16.4: Low‐Temperature Fabrication of Flexible AMOLED Displays Using Oxide TFTs with Polymer Gate Insulators
Authors: Nakata Mitsuru , Sato Hiroto , Nakajima Yoshiki , Fujisaki Yoshihide , Takei Tatsuya , Shimizu Takahisa , Suzuki Mitsunori , Fukagawa Hirohiko , Motomura Genichi , Yamamoto Toshihiro , Fujikake Hideo
Published: July 2011

We have developed InGaZnO4 TFTs with polymer gate insulators that can be formed by spin‐coating on plastic substrates at temperatures below 130 °C. A 5‐inch QVGA flexible OLED display has been fabricated by means of ink‐jet printing on a TFT backplane, and it has successfully displayed clear color video images while in a bent state.
17.1: Invited Paper: Optically Isotropic Liquid Crystals for Electro‐optical Devices
Authors: Haseba Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Shin‐ichi , Kuninobu Takafumi , Sago Kohki , Nagano Yasutomo , Kikuchi Hirotsugu
Published: July 2011

Optically isotropic liquid crystals show quick response, and enable rubbing free process in LCD fabrication. However there are some specific issues to be solved for mass production. In this paper, the relations between electro‐optical properties and preparation condition and the other properties of relatively recent materials are mainly shown.
17.2: Polymer Effect on the Electro‐Optic Properties of Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystals
Authors: Yan Jin , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2011

Polymer effect on the electro‐optic properties of blue phase liquid crystal BPLC composites is investigated. A higher polymer concentration gives a more stable structure and faster response time, but its operating voltage is also higher. Monomer ratio also affects the stability of the polymer‐stabilized BPLC. However, hysteresis is not affected by polymer concentration but mainly determined by the host liquid crystal and chiral dopants.
17.3: Hysteresis and Residual Birefringence Free Polymer‐stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystal
Authors: Fan Chun‐Yuan , Wang Chun‐Ta , Lin Tsung‐Hsien , Yu Fang‐Cheng , Huang Tai‐Hsiang , Liu Chu‐Yu , Sugiura Norio
Published: July 2011

This paper investigates the voltage hysteresis effect and residual birefringence in the polymer‐stabilized blue phase PSBP, under various phase separation conditions. By curing the samples at a reduced temperature and controlling the polymeric propagation, the polymer in the blue phase formed a compact network near the surface of the electrode. The dense polymer network pinned the cubic lattice structure of the blue phase enabling it to return to its original optical isotropic state. In this manner, hysteresis and residual birefringence were suppressed from 6.3 % to 0.7 % and 0.33 % to 0.01 %, respectively. Although the driving voltage remained high, the reduction in hysteresis and residual birefringence are precisely the advancements required for the accelerating development of blue‐phase LCDs.
18.1: Invited Paper: The Effect of Surround on Color and Image Appearance
Authors: Luo M. Ronnier
Published: July 2011

Surround is an important viewing parameter affecting the perceived color image appearance. However, this is not clearly defined yet. In the current article, more precise definition of ‘surround’ for viewing color patches and images will be given respectively. The results from different previous studies will also be introduced to illustrate the influence of changes in surround conditions on color appearance for simple patches and complex images viewed together with perceived contrast on displays.
4.1: Low‐Temperature‐Processed IGZO TFTs for Flexible AMOLED with Integrated Gate Driver Circuits
Authors: Miura Kentaro , Ueda Tomomasa , Nakano Shintaro , Saito Nobuyoshi , Hara Yujiro , Sugi Keiji , Sakano Tatsunori , Yamaguchi Hajime , Amemiya Isao , Akimoto Keiko , Kameoka Hisashi , Tonotani Junichi
Published: July 2011

We have reduced threshold voltage shift of IGZO TFTs processed at 200°C under bias‐temperature stress of Vg = 20 V at 70°C for 2000 s to 0.22 V by optimizing IGZO deposition and annealing conditions. A flexible AMOLED display with integrated gate driver circuits has been demonstrated.
18.2: Distinguished Paper: Appropriate Luminance of LCD‐TV Screens under Actual Viewing Conditions at Home
Authors: Matsumoto Tatsuhiko , Haga Shuichi , Nakatsue Takehiro , Kubota Satoru , Kubota Yuta , Imabayashi Kenta , Kishimoto Kazuyuki , Goshi Seiichi , Imai Shigeki , Igarashi Youichi
Published: July 2011

The preferred luminance level of LCD televisions under actual viewing conditions is important to obtain both good picture quality and low power consumption. We investigated actual viewing conditions of households and preferred luminance levels. As a result, we obtained equations which represent the preferred luminance level corresponding to different viewing conditions.
18.3: Rendering Digital Cinema and Broadcast TV Content to Wide Gamut Display Media
Authors: Heckaman Rodney L. , Sullivan James
Published: July 2011

Much more is possible in achieving brighter, more vibrant colors for a richer visual experience in emerging, wide‐gamut display media. Yet, both digital cinema and broadcast TV content fall well short of this promise. In this paper, we provide the means for realizing this promise by identifying certain memory colors e.g., green grass, red, and blue sky and rendering each independently making use of the full gamut of the display media while identifying and maintaining flesh tones to their original intent. Further, a means is provided for extending the gamut of not just wide‐gamut, but any display media by simply lowering the white point of the display.
19.3: Invited Paper: Creative Integration of Christie MicroTiles in Tiled‐Display Applications
Authors: Zsivanov Delia , Perkins Michael
Published: July 2011

Three case studies are presented in which Christie MicroTiles were creatively integrated into digital signage, entertainment and broadcasting applications. By fulfilling specific customer requirements, Christie MicroTiles offer a high resolution, flexible display technology solution that seamlessly blends within the existing architectural design while providing the best viewing experience.
19.4: Novel Depth Perception Controllable Method of WARP Under Real Space Condition
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Hotta Aira , Moriya Akihisa , Murata Takahiro , Okumura Haruhiko , Horiuchi Kazuo , Okada Naotada , Takagi Kenji , Nozawa Yoshihisa , Nagahara Osamu
Published: July 2011

We developed a compact, 2‐liter, monocular head‐up display that is WARP‐mountable on an automobile. We proposed a novel depth‐perception‐controllable method and examined the depth perception enhancement characteristics under real space conditions. We confirmed depth perception was controlled as far as 60 meters and true AR was achieved.
20.2: Efficiency Improvement of Photovoltaic Device‐Integrated Organic Light Emitting Diode by Applying a Distributed Bragg Reflector
Authors: Hsu Wei‐En , Lin Hoang Yan
Published: July 2011

We demonstrate a structure improving the light efficiency of photovoltaic devices integrated organic light emitting diodes OLEDs, by applying one‐dimensional distributed Bragg reflector DBR inside. In our design, the structure simultaneously increases the luminous efficiency from 50.0% to 81.6%, maintains high contrast ratio, and sharpens the emission spectrum from 28nm to 17nm at FWHM.
20.4: Distinguished Paper: Optimizing the Brightness of Reflective Displays in Mobile Applications
Authors: Bita Ion , Tavakoli Hamid , Poliakov Evgeni , Li Kebin , Fiske Thomas , Gille Jennifer , Martin Russel A
Published: July 2011

Reflective display brightness is studied in mobile devices as a function of relevant ambient conditions, supplemental frontlight illumination, and display reflectance properties. Results for varying scattering properties in specular modulator‐based displays such as mirasol®, as well as combinations of ambient and internal frontlight illumination conditions for optimizing the user experience across various lighting environments are presented.
21.1: Distinguished Paper: 120 Hz 3D Driving for AMOLED with Interleaved Scan and Emission Operation
Authors: Lee Baek‐woon , Han Sang‐Myeon , Sung Si‐duk , Ji In‐hwan , Shin Kwang‐sub , Berkeley Brian H. , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

3D displays have required 1/240 s of scan time to properly display a stereoscopic image. In this report, a new driving method is proposed that provides 1/120 s of scan time, thus enabling higher resolution. The pixels are arranged as two groups: Even and Odd. One group performs scanning while the other group is emitting and in the next field, these roles are swapped. Therefore, the entire frame time can be used for data input, rather than 1/2 of the frame time as in the previous method.
22.1: Invited Paper: Stretchable and Foldable Displays using Organic Transistors with High Mechanical Stability
Authors: Sekitani Tsuyoshi , Someya Takao
Published: July 2011

We describe ultraflexible organic integrated circuits and stretchable active matrix displays that can be bent in half without any electrical or mechanical damage. By integrating organic transistors with extreme mechanical stability, the devices represent a class of electronics, conformable/stretchable integrated circuits, for application to foldable sensors and displays.
22.3: Flexible Top‐gate Amorphous InGaZnO TFTs Array for AMOLED Applications
Authors: Yeh Yung‐Hui , Cheng Chun‐Cheng , Lin Chang‐Yu , Ho Geng‐Tai , Yu Ming‐Jiue , Lai Benjamin Chih‐Ming , Leu Chyi‐Ming
Published: July 2011

Flexible top‐gate amorphous InGaZnO TFTs array on a colorless polyimide substrate for AMOLED applications was successfully fabricated at 200 °C for the first time. The light transmittance of polyimide substrate is 90%. The maximum field‐effect mobility is 10.6 cm2/V‐s, subthreshold swing is 0.3 V/decade, and the on/off current ratio is 108.
23.2: Q‐Tensor Based Numerical Modeling of Blue‐Phase LCDs
Authors: Wöhler Henning , Becker Michael E.
Published: July 2011

We have developed a novel numerical modeling software for calculation of the molecular orientation within layers of liquid crystal material in the blue phase and for the optical properties of blue phase LCDs including additional optical components like polarizers and retarder sheets. The calculation of the molecular orientation within the blue phase layer is based on the Q‐tensor approach. Equilibrium and time dependent states are obtained with a relaxation method that minimizes the total energy of the system. Mutual coupling of the electrostatic potential and molecular orientation is taken into account. The geometry is mapped onto a 3d‐grid, periodic boundary conditions are assigned to the faces of the bounding box. The grid is extended on top and bottom side of the bounding box to apply suitable boundary conditions for the electric potential. The finite difference time domain method is applied to calculate reflectance and transmittance of blue‐phase LCDs with uniaxial perfectly matched layers on top and bottom sides of the bounding box to mitigate spurious reflections from the grid boundaries. The grid used for the Q‐tensor calculation is also chosen for the optics calculation.
25.2: Invited Paper: Dual Paraboloid Reflector Illumination System for Digital Cinema
Authors: Ouyang George , Li Kenneth
Published: July 2011

It has long been demonstrated that, besides extending the life time of UHP lamps, the Wavien patented dual paraboloid reflector DPR can also enhance the lamp brightness in the low etendue regime. As a follow‐up to our previous work we examine the possibility of extending the same DPR advantages to xenon arc lamps used in digital cinema. With ray tracing, we calculate the throughput efficiencies of a standard compound elliptical reflector used in the industry and a DPR reflector of similar size at various etendue values. The resultant efficiency/etendue curves are plotted and it is shown that, at a typical etendue value of 50 mm2*steradian for digital cinema up to 100% brightness improvement can be achieved. Another unique feature of the DPR system is that light recycling can be realized through etendue reduction by a recycling light pipe. Up to 40% recycling gain has been demonstrated with a 1:4 input/output etendue ratio. In addition, it is expected that the lifetime xenon lamps with the DPR can also be extended.
25.3: LED Array with Recycling for High‐Power Projector Applications
Authors: Li Kenneth
Published: July 2011

LEDs are still not bright enough, compared to arc lamps, for high power projector applications. For high power applications, multiple LEDs are required to increase the total light output with the same amount of increase in etendue. Even with the use of larger imaging panels with larger etendue values, the total output of the LED projector is still not sufficient for cinema projection applications. With recycling technology, the etendue of the LED can be reduced with increased brightness. This paper describes two systems with an array of 7 LEDs with recycling, such that the combined etendue matches with standard imagers for cinema projector applications. The first system uses a single array of 7 white LEDs with up to 9,500 lumens of white light can be generated at an etendue of 70, which is the etendue value of standard cinema projector systems. A screen lumen of over 3,300 lumens can be achieved. The second system uses 3 independent arrays of 7 red, green and blue LEDs combined producing to 18,500 lumens of white light at an etendue of 70. A screen lumen of over 6,500 lumens can be achieved from a single projector. Using two such projectors with combined output of over 13,000 lumens, the system can be used in small cinema replacing xenon based system or laser based systems.
25.4: A Laser‐Based Digital Cinema Projector
Authors: Silverstein Barry D. , Kurtz Andrew F. , Bietry Joseph R. , Nothhard Gary E.
Published: July 2011

A fully functional DCI capable prototype Laser Digital Cinema Projector has been developed by Eastman Kodak Company using an innovative optical architecture. The prototype demonstrates the potential of the long life and lower operational costs of lasers while minimizing the incremental costs to manufacture. The projector provides over 10,000:1 contrast ratio, an increased color gamut, and an integrated 3D capability that is significantly brighter than is common today in cinema. These attributes are delivered while addressing the impact of laser speckle, eye safety, and other potential impediments to commercialization.
4.4: A 6‐inch Field Sequential Blue Phase Mode LCD with Integrated Driver using Highly Reliable Oxide Semiconductor
Authors: Hirakata Yoshiharu , Kubota Daisuke , Yamashita Akio , Miyake Hiroyuki , Hayakawa Masahiko , Koyama Jun , Yamazaki Shunpei , Okazaki Kenichi , Sato Rai , Cho Takayuki , Tochibayashi Katsuaki , Sakakura Masayuki
Published: July 2011

We have fabricated a prototype of a field‐sequential blue phase mode LCD having an integrated scan driver including an oxide semiconductor FET. By using the blue phase mode, the frame rate of 180 fps a subframe frequency of 540 Hz or higher is now available. We obtained favorable images without color breakup.
26.1: Invited Paper: Driving mirasol® Displays: Addressing Methods and Control Electronics
Authors: Martin Russel A. , Lewis Alan , Mignard Marc , Chuei Nao , van Lier Rob , Govil Alok , Todorovich Mark , Aflatooni Koorosh , Gally Brian , Chui Clarence
Published: July 2011

A mirasol display uses optical interference based MEMS pixels with inherent hysteresis and is therefore passively addressable with a near zero power hold state. This paper describes methods of addressing such a display including a method providing low power and fast addressing. The correlation between pixel optical state and capacitance allows automated tuning and invisible adjustment of the drive voltages during operation. We further describe display drive circuit architecture showing the IC configuration for a mirasol display.
26.3 Design of a Low Power Consumption a‐IGZO TFT‐based Vcom Driver Circuit with Long‐Term Reliability
Authors: Jeong Hoon , Mativenga Mallory , Jang Jin , Lee Sang Gul , Ha Yong Min
Published: July 2011

We have designed an integrated a‐IGZO TFT‐based Vcom driver circuit with low power consumption, narrow bezel and long‐term reliability on a glass substrate. The proposed driving scheme can achieve 40% lower power consumption than the conventional driving scheme, owing to Vcom inversion. The higher mobility (> 10 cm2/ V.s) of the a‐IGZO TFTs compared to a‐Si:H TFTs allows the integration of smaller size devices in the gate driver circuitry, leading to displays with narrower bezels. AC driving of the buffer TFTs by clocking the nth and (n+1)th frame with 20 and 0 V, respectively, improves the lifetime of the Vcom driver circuit.
26.4: Novel Driving and Panel Design of Frame Inversion Method for High Aperture Ratio in the Large Size and High Resolution LCD TV Panel
Authors: Lee Doyoung , Moon Hong‐Man , Kim Do‐Sung , Lee Se‐Eung , Jo Sung‐Hak , Nam Dae‐Hyun , Jeong Seong‐Hun , Kang Gyu‐Tae , Jun Myungchul
Published: July 2011

The 120Hz frame inversion driving FHD LCD TV panels were fabricated without image degradations seen such as the luminance gradient and the horizontal crosstalk. The panels had the higher aperture ratio because of the wider electrode space between the pixel and common electrode than conventional S‐IPS. The novel driving method of gate‐low‐voltage‐swing was used to remove the luminance gradient and the new panel design of divided‐common‐feeding was adopted to suppress the horizontal crosstalk. These technologies were very successful to achieve the high aperture ratio in the S‐IPS panel without increase of the panel cost.
26.5: Block‐Wise Luminance Control Algorithm for AMOLED Image Sticking Mitigation
Authors: Kim Do‐Wan , Choe Won Jun , Shin Kwang‐Suk , Kim Byung‐Hee , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

In order to prevent image burn‐in or sticking in an AMOLED display, a block‐wise luminance control (BLC) algorithm has been developed. The algorithm controls the frame average current passing through the entire panel to mitigate image sticking progression when any of the blocks goes over the image sticking threshold. The proposed algorithm has been implemented on an FPGA and has been validated in an AMOLED panel.
27.1: Integrated pMOS Gate Driver for a 3D AMOLED Display
Authors: Chung Kyung‐Hoon , Chung Bo‐Yong , Park Seong‐Il , Park Dong‐Wook , Choi Sang‐Moo , Kim Keumnam , Kim Byung‐Hee , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

Simultaneous Emission with Active Voltage control (SEAV) is a strong candidate for crosstalk‐free driving of 3D Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED) displays. A gate driver for a SEAV 3D AMOLED panel needs two operating modes: the simultaneous switching mode and the progressive scanning mode. However, conventional gate drivers can operate in only progressive scanning mode. In this paper, a new integrated gate driver to support both of these modes is proposed and applied to a prototype 3D AMOLED display panel.
27.4: Distinguished Student Paper: Simultaneous Programming and Emission Driving Using External Compensation Method for 3D AMOLED Displays
Authors: In Hai‐Jung , Oh Kyong‐Hwan , Song Chang‐Woo , Kwon Oh‐Kyong
Published: July 2011

Simultaneous programming and emission driving using external compensation method for 3D active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays is proposed. The emission current uniformity is improved by compensating threshold voltage and mobility variations of driving TFTs. Simulation results show that the maximum emission current error range of the proposed method is from −1.6% to 0.6% in 40‐inch full HDTV condition when the threshold voltage of driving TFT variation is form −1 V to 1 V and mobility variation of driving TFT is from −10% to 10%. The emission and programming time of 3D AMOLED display is also increased by simultaneous driving method.
28.3: A Pixel Design for TFT LCDs with Variable Refresh Rates
Authors: den Boer Willem
Published: July 2011

A TFT pixel circuit is presented with a reconfigurable storage capacitance. For static images the pixel uses low refresh rates and large storage capacitance to reduce power consumption. For dynamic images the large storage capacitance is disconnected to allow full charging of each pixel at high refresh rate.
29.1: Invited Paper: Electrical Testing of Roll‐to‐Roll SAIL Manufactured Flexible Display Backplanes
Authors: Elder Richard E. , Jackson Warren B. , Jam Mehrban , Jeans Albert , Luo Hao , Maltabes John , Perlov Craig , Taussig Carl , Trovinger Steven , Gomez‐Pancorbo Fernando , Almanza‐Workman Marcia , Garcia Robert A. , Kim HanJun , Kwon Ohseung , Jeffrey Frank
Published: July 2011

HP and Phicot are making a fully roll‐to roll fabricated display for a solar powered wrist display. We have developed methods for electrical testing of display backplanes on flexible substrates which are not bonded to a carrier. This has enabled improvement of yield through rapid electrical test feedback.