bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Specifics of Creating a Virtual Interactive Exhibition
Authors: Matveeva K.M. , Serova M.A. , Glumova E.S.
Published: November 2022

Modern technology allows to transfer exhibitions into an interactive, virtual format using some gamification techniques. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the process of creating a virtual space, formulates the basic requirements for the system and the exhibition units. The substantiation of the advantages and disadvantages of the technical solution is given, which could serve as a guide for the further implementation of similar projects. During the development of threedimensional objects of the virtual space were used modern software tools - Blender, Unreal Engine. Export of fbx-models from Blender into Unreal Engine is carried out. The questions of restoration and transfer of graphic information validity are solved by by experiment. The requirements for hardware and software for developing an interactive exhibition are given. The results of the research can be used in the areas of virtual space development, information and technical support. The article describes the technical aspects of developing a graphic interior and exhibits, instructions for their correct transfer from one environment to another, and recommendations for using the project in the educational sphere. Further research is planned in the field of placing the created interactive exhibition in free access on the Internet with full immersion of the user into virtual reality.
Real-time Rendering of Detailed Height Fields Using Hardware-based Ray Tracing Acceleration
Authors: Timokhin P.Yu. , Mikhaylyuk M.V.
Published: November 2022

The paper considers the task of real-time visualization of detailed height fields on the GPU. An efficient, two-stage technology for rendering procedural surface of height field, based on hardwareaccelerated tracing of primary rays, is proposed. The first stage, preprocessing, includes constructing an accelerating data structure - a 2D array of bounding boxes (AABB) covering height field surface. At the second stage, for each visualization frame, an image of height field is constructed on the ray tracing pipeline, involving ray generation, «ray-AABB» intersection detection and searching inside the AABB for the intersection of the ray with bilinear surface of height field. The paper describes key methods for creating a gapless AABB array and extracting AABB-candidates with closest to the viewer «ray-surface» intersections. Based on the created technology, a software complex in C++ using the Vulkan API and the GLSL shading language was developed. The complex was tested on a number of detailed height maps, including 10K? 4K map of the lunar impact crater Aristarchus. The results obtained confirmed high efficiency of the developed solution and the possibility of its application in virtual environment systems, simulators, scientific visualization systems, etc.
Forming an Image that Corresponds to the Natural Perception of the Human Vision in Video See-Through Mixed Reality Systems
Authors: Zhdanov Andrei Dmitrievich , Zhdanov Dmitri Dmitrievich
Published: November 2022

In this work authors investigated the vergence-accommodation conflict that may appear in mixed reality systems. There exist two main types of the mixed reality systems, one is optical see-through mixed reality systems, other one is video see-through mixed reality systems. One of significant differences between them is how the device user observes the surrounding real world. In case of the optical see-through device, it is observed directly with natural observation conditions, however in case of the video see-through systems the real world is image is observed as an image displayed on the device screen. As a result, when observing the real world the video see-though systems might be affected by the vergence-accommodation conflict. Most of existing video see-through mixed reality systems have two fixed cameras located at the front side of the device to capture the image to be displayed for each of the user eyes. However, in this case the vergence conflict appears due to the disagreement between the fixed direction of the external cameras of the mixed reality device with the constantly changing direction of the human eyes. In the current work authors propose the special image processing methods to correct this disagreement and recover the image with correct vergence basing on the RGB images from cameras and real-world depth estimation. Authors considered different number and placement of the front cameras including the solutions using single RGBD camera and multiple RGB cameras. The simulation results are presented. The pros and cons of proposed recovering methods are shown.
Methods for Calculating and Visualizing the Spatial Distribution of Illumination in Three-dimensional Models of Optically Complex Scenes
Authors: Kinev Igor Еvgenievich , Zhdanov Dmitri Dmitrievich , Zhdanov Andrei Dmitrievich , Potemin Igor Stanislavovich
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we consider the problem of calculating the effective protection of an image from spurious radiation, one of the causes of which is the scattering of light on non-imaging elements of an optical device. The purpose of this work is to improve the means of searching and visualizing the sources of parasitic illumination of an image for designing and analyzing the light protection of optical devices. A visualization of the spurious radiation illumination distribution on the surfaces of an optical device is proposed. The global illumination calculation is based on an advanced bi- directional stochastic ray tracing method with backward photon maps. This method is highly efficient, since it simultaneously uses direct and backward photon maps, which accumulate the distributions of the areas of light emission and the visibility of the scattering elements of the optical device, respectively. The method allows representing the average illumination of the image, accumulated on the diffuse objects of the optical device that form the given illumination. By visualizing it, you can more effectively and clearly find the elements of the optical device that create spurious illumination in the image and degrade the image quality. With this information, the designer of an optical device can develop special means of light protection or use special light- absorbing coatings for such elements. The proposed algorithms were implemented in the Lumicept software package, with the help of which the scattered light in the lens objective was calculated and the result of the stray illumination visualization was presented.
Visualization and Analysis of Visual Data in Additive Manufacturing Technology of Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Molotkov A.A. , Tretiyakova O.N.
Published: November 2022

The work is devoted to solving the problems of machine vision and scientific visualization in the framework of the industrial implementation of new laser technologies, in particular the technology of selective laser fusion. The result of the development of a specialized machine vision platform is demonstrated, which makes it possible to simplify the solution of a wide range of machine vision and scientific visualization tasks. In the presented work, a number of particular issues of video recording of processes in isolated environments, determining the boundaries of objects in the image, analyzing and processing of visual data, forming and presenting a picture of heat distribution in a three-dimensional object, based on data obtained from the means of conducting a numerical experiment (calculation of the mathematical model of the process under study implemented by us) are also considered. The article also demonstrates the results of combining calculated data on the geometry of the product, data obtained by analyzing video data from visual observation tools, with thermal distribution data. This approach makes it easier for technologists to analyze the production process, identify critical areas, such as overheating and non-melting zones, and select the technological parameters of the selective laser melting process. The results of the application of the created platform in various production technologies are demonstrated.
Constructing of Three-dimensional Visual Maps of Generalized Computational Experiment
Authors: Zakharova A.A. , Bondarev Alexander Evgenyevich , Korostelyov D.A. , Podvesovskii A.G.
Published: November 2022

This paper continues the series of publications of the authors' research materials in the field of developing an approach to dynamic planning and control of a generalized computational experiment based on the application of visualization and visual analytics methods. A generalized computational experiment implies a multiple solution of the numerical simulation problem for different sets of values of defining model parameters, and such an approach allows for obtaining a solution at once for a certain class of problems of mathematical modeling given in a multidimensional space of defining parameters. The paper considers an extension of the existing author's approach to the construction of visual maps of the generalized computational experiment, based on the application of visualization metaphors that can display not only individual images, but also their relationships. A method for constructing visual maps of a generalized computational experiment is proposed, which is focused on visualizing relationships between single computational experiments in threedimensional space. The method is based on the mechanism of formalization of relations between single computational experiments, as well as on the notion of a graph model visualization metaphor, which defines a prototype of a visual map. A description of the software system for the construction and analysis of three-dimensional visual maps of a generalized computational experiment is given, and examples of its application in assessing the accuracy of numerical models of the OpenFOAM software platform for the three-dimensional problem of inviscid flow around a cone are considered.
Scientific Visualization Tools to Improve Utilizing Neural Interface
Authors: Chuprina Svetlana Igorevna , Labutin Ivan Alexandrovich
Published: November 2022

The technological progress in the field of Brain-Computer Interface and its integration with IoT put on the agenda the question of the fast transition of the technology from laboratory experiments into everyday life. But there are a lot of challenges and some of them, in particular, issues of replicability and reproducibility of experiments are under discussion in this paper. We also discuss how to improve utilizing neural Interface with the help of ontology-driven scientific visualization tools. Using the principles of “clean-room reverse engineering” methodology to rewrite existing EEG device drivers we make it possible to embed visualization tools which dynamically render the streaming data coming from different EEG devices within a diverse IoT infrastructure without any legal complications.
Research of Multi-scale Decomposition-based Noisy Multispectral Image Fusion Methods Efficiency
Authors: Sychev A.S. , Kholopov I.S.
Published: November 2022

The article considers algorithms of multiscale decomposition under the influence of additive noise in one of the channels of a multispectral vision system. The difference between pyramid-based and wavelet-based decomposition-reconstruction methods is shown. Structural schemes for the realization of different image fusion strategies are presented, and their advantages and disadvantages are described. To estimate the fused image quality the authors applied the complex integral-multiplicative index of digital grayscale image quality that operates with such partial indices as signal-to-noise ratio, local contrast, and high-frequency signal component root-meansquare deviation. The dependences of numerical values of the quality index on the standard deviation of additive white Gaussian noise in the visible range channel of the multispectral vision system are presented. Thus, when ?RMS > 10, for the most considered image fusion algorithms, a decrease of the integral-multiplicative quality index by 2…10 times is observed, which under a priori unknown observation conditions confirms the inexpediency of enhanced vision systems working with a constant image fusion from all channels. The known high-frequency multiscale decomposition results fusion methods disadvantages are described. The approach to combat these disadvantages, which consists of fusion only of those images whose quality index is not lower than the threshold one, is proposed.
Processing Moving Object Images in the Optical Receiver Positioning System
Authors: Klochko V.K.
Published: November 2022

The problem of classifying images of point objects found in the optical receiver positioning system by belonging to objects with determining their spatial coordinates is solved. An algebraic approach to solving this problem is proposed, based on solving systems of linear equations taking into account measurement noise. The approach differs from works based on geometric constructions by the presence of a single algebraic criterion for detecting objects in the form of a sufficient condition for conjugating vectors and estimating their spatial coordinates. This makes it possible to investigate the obtained estimates by the methods of estimation theory and draw conclusions about the mutual location and structure of the optical receiver system, in which the highest accuracy of estimates and the reliability of the system as a whole are ensured. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of the optical receiver system when detecting moving objects with increased accuracy of spatial coordinate estimates and reliability of the system. On the basis of the proposed approach, algorithms have been developed for solving the presented problem for scanning systems, including those working with extrapolation and when working together with a radiometer, as well as non-scanning systems, which use an indicator of vector conjugation in a particular modification. A structural organization of the system operation of the receivers is proposed, providing increased reliability of the system.
Extraction of Moving Objects in the Presence of Scale Transformations in a Sequence of Images
Authors: Babayan P.V. , Kozhina E.S.
Published: November 2022

The paper considers the problem of extraction of moving objects by subtracting the background in the presence of scale geometric transformations. A multi-reference algorithm is used as an algorithm for estimation of scale transformations. An algorithm for automatic extraction of moving objects is proposed, taking into account the geometric transformations caused by the movement of the image sensor. The results of experimental studies obtained using real-world videos affected by scaling using software. During the testing of the algorithm, the influence of the scale estimation parameter on the quality of object extraction was investigated. The algorithm proposed shows sufficiently higher efficiency in comparison with commonly used approach. The algorithm can be used in machine vision systems of aircrafts, mobile robots, and video surveillance systems.
Physical Activity Set Selection for Emotional State Harmonization Based on Facial Micro-Expression Analysis
Authors: Chernenko Anna D. , Ashapkina Maria Sergeevna , Sablina Victoria Alexandrovna , Alpatov Alexey Viktorovich
Published: November 2022

A new approach to harmonize a human emotional state is proposed. It is based on timely revealing and working through hidden negative emotions. The main ideas proving the possibility to implement this approach are described. The experimental investigation results for selected methods of revealing hidden negative emotions and working them through are represented. The video sequences reproducing emotions are used as input data. The ultimate research aim is the software system construction for the human emotional state harmonization. The effect of using such a system will be maintaining the health and increasing the quality of life of the modern human. The basic functions of this system are highlighted. The problem of repressing emotions and its possible negative consequences for the health are considered. The possibility of revealing repressed emotions from facial micro-expressions is justified. The main stages of the micro-facial movement detection by hybrid methods are considered in details. Each stage results are illustrated using the software pipeline developed in the previous research. It is proposed to work through revealed negative emotions by executing the individually selected physical activity set. The problem of the execution accuracy control of these exercises when working without assistance is considered. The health-improving exercise model is represented. The possibility of recording the motion trajectory using a smartphone software solution is shown. The method of the motion execution accuracy estimation on the basis of dynamic time warping is described. The development and implementation prospects of the proposed approach based on a smartphone software solution are justified.
Research of Author's Color Separation Systems for Image Acquisition
Authors: Zhbanova V.L. , Yakimenko I.V.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the work is to study the developed color separation systems based on the color triangle. Similar systems are planned to be used for matrix photodetectors of digital microscopes. Within the framework of this goal, the following tasks were formulated: development of color separation systems and their study. To solve the problems of developing a color separation system for a matrix photodetector, the main provisions of colorimetry, colorimetric systems, their transformations and methods for creating color spaces were used to determine the optimal color space with a color gamut of up to 100% of the visible color, the characteristics of which do not have negative branches, which will allow them to be implemented in the system color separation based on light filters. Based on the results of a mathematical study, a universal set with a GLC-3 system was selected with an average deviation from 14 nominal color values from the Munsell atlas of 0.0083. The selected space has a color gamut of 100% visible colors and an operating range of 400 nm to 730 nm. According to the results of the calculation, it can be assumed that the GLC-3 color space is the most suitable due to the similarity of the addition curves of this system with the curves of the CIEXYZ 1931 system, where the red channel curve is also slightly higher than the green one. Further, it is planned to introduce the developed color separation system into a digital microscope for further study of the obtained color images.
Detection of the Optimal Reflection Symmetry Axis with the Jaccard Index by Projection-based Method
Authors: Lomov N.A. , Seredin O.S. , Kushnir O.A. , Liakhov D.V.
Published: November 2022

This study determines the optimal reflection symmetry axis of an object in a binary image using the Jaccard index. We propose to find the global optimum on the grid by estimating the upper bounds of the Jaccard index with the Radon transform. Several approaches to improving the Jaccard index computation for a given line are considered. Some strategies for enumerating possible symmetry axes and selecting the initial approximation are proposed. The experiments show that the Jaccard index for the optimal axis found by the proposed method is not inferior to the exhaustive bruteforce of the axes passing through the points of the object contour considering the rasterization error. In terms of speed, the proposed method significantly exceeds the previously developed methods for limiting the exhaustive search.
Numerical Criteria for Assessing the Similarity of Multidimensional Geometric Objects
Authors: Seleznev I.V. , Konopatskiy E.V.
Published: November 2022

The possibility of using statistical numerical criteria for comparison of geometrical objects represented as point sets has been investigated. This approach can be easily generalized to the multidimensional space and can be an effective tool for comparison of multidimensional geometrical objects. If to any continuous process to correspond the continuous geometrical object, the offered approach can be effectively used for an expert estimation of a degree of similarity of objects, processes and the phenomena in many branches of a science and engineering. Based on the results we can conclude that the choice of criterion for assessing the degree of similarity depends on the conditions of the comparing geometric objects problem. In case of superposition of geometrical objects on each other the determination coefficient gives more qualitative results, and in case of comparison of geometrical objects received by means of transformation the Pearson correlation coefficient gives more qualitative results. Considering that Pearson correlation coefficient showed high stability when comparing transformed geometric objects, its use in solving a wide range of problems of expert analysis of biometric data and identity identification, diagnosis of diseases of various etymologies, recognition of handwritten and printed text, acoustic and radio signals is promising.
Geometric Modeling of Parabolic Power Particle Streams
Authors: Radzevich Anna Vladimirovna , Chizhik Margarita Anatolievna , Yurkov Viktor Yurievich
Published: November 2022

This paper is devoted to geometric simulation of parabolic stream area in planar case. The stream is characterized by fuzziness of geometric parameters that is consequence of the technological parameters fuzziness. In this paper we consider the process of welding spark flying as a physical analogue of the parabolic stream. The method relies on consideration interval sets and combinatorial computing analyses of various geometric objects in planar case. In particular, this approach is used for parabola having interval numerical parameters. Various aspects of the parabolic stream such as shadow sub-areas and dangerous zones of the stream are discussed. We break up the area of the stream into interval closed sub-areas which correspond to interval physical parameters of metal drops. We also demonstrate that the most probable dangerous parts of welding protective suit can be discovered by developed model. The practical application of the method of geometric modeling of welding sparks makes it possible to determine the localized areas of the parts of a protective suit that need additional protection in terms of improving materials and design.
Functional-voxel Modeling of the Dynamic Solution of the Path Search Problem by the Gradient Method
Authors: Tolok A.V. , Petukhov P.A.
Published: November 2022

The paper considers an algorithm for gradient motion on a surface that simulates a scene with target objects and obstacles. To implement the gradient descent algorithm, the principles of functionalvoxel modeling are used, which allow organizing a region of gradient characteristics for a given scene space. The mathematical apparatus of R-functions is chosen as a tool for describing a scene with obstacles. Approaches for obtaining the inverse expression of the R-function, i.e. removing an object from the scene to solve problems of dynamic rearrangement of obstacles and goals, are investigated. A functional-voxel approach to solving the procedure for the inverse expression of an R-function without loss of the sign of the function value is shown, which does not allow performing an algebraic expression of an R-function directly. The result of the inverse decomposition into objects is demonstrated by the example of the application of the R-intersection function. The principle of functional-voxel modeling of the area of the intersection law of two specific objects is implemented, which allows solving the direct and inverse problem of R-functional modeling.
Validity of The Use of Canva Video Media In Integrated Thematic Learning Based On Problem Based Learning Models in Elementary Schools
Authors: Nefillia Chintya , Reinita Reinita
Published: November 2022

This research began when researchers made observations in the field, that teachers had not developed integrated thematic learning media by utilizing existing technology. The sophistication of technology is found in the Canva application software and is supported by adequate facilities and infrastructure from schools that can be used as learning media. The purpose of this study is to develop Canva Video media on integrated thematic learning based on the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in grade IV of a valid elementary school. The type of research carried out is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4D development model, namely Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. This research was conducted in elementary schools by collecting data techniques using questionnaires from material experts, linguists, and media experts. Canva is one of the online software used to create interesting learning videos. The results of the Canva Video Media development research developed obtained material validity test results of 91.6%, language validity test results of 87.5%, and media validity test results of 100%. Thus it can be concluded that canva Video Media on integrated thematic learning in grade IV elementary schools has been used validly.
Pediatric Hammertoe Recurrence—Considerations for Revision Surgical Technique and Hypoperfusion Management
Authors: Fawcett Mason A. , Jarka Dale E. , Sinclair Micah K.
Published: November 2022

Case:

A 7-year-old girl presented with a recurrent hammertoe deformity causing pain with shoe wearing after a prior corrective surgery. Surgical revision required a unique approach that included a staged corrective osteotomy of the proximal phalanx because of hypoperfusion management and the application of a rotational skin flap previously described for camptodactyly correction in the hand to avoid harvesting a skin graft.

Conclusion:

Revision surgery for recurrent pediatric hammertoe deformity requires a heightened awareness of the risk for toe hypoperfusion and subsequent wound closure challenges.
A novel method for handling missing data in health care real-world study: Optimal Intact Subset Method
Authors: Jingxian Wu , Huan Chang , Rongsheng Tong , Xingwei Wu
Published: November 2022

Handling missing data is indispensable in health-care real-world data processing. Imputing method may introduce error and multicollinearity. Therefore, we explored (Optimal Intact Subset Method, OIS.Method) to avoid the issues. By exploring an optimal deleting way of columns and rows with missing data, a subset retaining most information of original datasets was determined. Traditionally, we can traverse all deleting ways. But the computational cost is too high to use in large datasets. OIS.Method used an indicator to determine the optimal deleting order which can ascertain the optimal deleting way and simplify computing. In order to validate the effectiveness of OIS.Method, we compared OIS.Method with five other missing data handling methods in simulated real-world classification datasets. Additionally, we validated OIS.Method in two real-world classification tasks. In simulated datasets, the performance of OIS.Method was best(highest AUC was 1). In real-world datasets, OIS.Method could acquire better classification performance. Take AUC for an example: OIS.Method VS Simple Impute VS Random Forest VS Modified Random Forest, 0.8179±0.0005 VS 0.8116±0.0002 VS 0.8087±0.0009 VS 0.8093±0.0014 in task1, and 0.7028±0.0126 VS 0.6963±0.0231 VS 0.6957±0.0247 VS 0.6699±0.0249 in task2. The calculation of OIS.Method is smaller, and it is well-suited for large real-world datasets.
High-latitude precipitation as a driver of multicentennial variability of the AMOC in a climate model of intermediate complexity
Authors: Mehling Oliver , Bellomo Katinka , Angeloni Michela , Pasquero Claudia , von Hardenberg Jost
Published: November 2022

Centennial-scale variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the absence of external forcing has been identified in several climate models, but proposed mechanisms differ considerably. Therefore, better understanding of processes governing AMOC variability at these timescales is needed. Here, we analyze numerical simulations with PlaSim–LSG, an Earth System Model Intermediate Complexity (EMIC), which exhibit strong multicentennial oscillations of AMOC strength under constant pre-industrial boundary conditions. We identify a novel mechanism in which these oscillations are driven by salinity anomalies from the Arctic Ocean, which can be attributed to changes in high-latitude precipitation. We further corroborate our findings by conducting a set of millennial-length sensitivity experiments, and we interpret the mechanism by formulating a three-box model which qualitatively reproduces regular oscillations of the AMOC. While PlaSim–LSG lacks complexity compared to state-of-the-art models, our results reveal that precipitation minus evaporation (P-E) change in the Arctic is a physically plausible driver of centennial-scale AMOC variability. We discuss how this mechanism might be most relevant in climate states warmer than the present-day, raising questions about the state-dependence of multicentennial AMOC variability.
3D head-talk: speech synthesis 3D head movement face animation
Authors: Yang Daowu , Li Ruihui , qi yang , Peng Yuyi , Huang Xibei , Zou Jing
Published: November 2022

Speech-driven 3D human face animation has made admirable progress. However, synthesizing 3D facial speakers with head motion is still an unsolved problem. This is because head motion, as a speech-independent appearance representation, is difficult to model by a speech-driven approach. To solve this problem, we propose 3DHead-Talk, which generates 3D face animations combined with extreme head motion. In this work, we face a key challenge to generate natural head movements that match the speech rhythm. We first form an end-to-end autoregressive model by combining a dual-tower and single-tower Transformer, with a speech encoder encoding the long-term audio environment, a facial grid encoder encoding subtle changes in the vertices of the 3D facial grid, and a single-tower decoder automatically regressing to predict a series of 3D facial animation grids. Next the predicted 3D facial animation sequence is edited by a motion field generator containing head motion to obtain an output sequence containing extreme head motion. Finally, the natural 3D face animation under extreme head motion is presented in combination with the input audio. The quantitative and qualitative results show that our method outperforms current state-of-the-art methods. And stabilizes the non-area region while maintaining the appearance of extreme head motion.
Nonlinear Stefan problem for one-phase \ generalized heat equation with heat flux and convective boundary condition
Authors: Nauryz Targyn
Published: November 2022

In this article we consider a mathematical model of an initial stage of closure electrical contact that involves a metallic vaporization after instantaneous exploding of contact due to arc ignition with power $P_0$ on fixed face $z=0$ and heat transfer in material with a variable cross section, when the radial component of the temperature gradient can be neglected in comparison with the axial component with heat flux and convective boundary conditions prescribed at the known free boundary $z=\alpha(t)$. The temperature field in the liquid region of such kind of material can be modelled by Stefan problem for the generalized heat equation. A similarity variable transformation is used to solve the problem, which enables us to reduce generalized heat equation to nonlinear ordinary differential equation and we have to determine temperature solution for the liquid phase and location of melting isotherm. Existence and uniqueness of the solution is proved by using the fixed point Banach theorem. The solution for two cases of thermal coefficients, in particular, constant and linear thermal conductivity are represented, existence and uniqueness for each type of solution is proved.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 80A22, 80A05.
Combined plasma cell-free DNA detection and IFN-γ/TNF-α dual fluorospot assays for diagnosing active tuberculosis
Authors: Kim Ji Yeun , Koo Bonhan , Lim So Yun , Cha Hye Hee , Kim Min Jae , Chong Yong Pil , Choi Sang-Ho , Lee Sang-Oh , Kim Yang Soo , Shin Yong , Kim Sung-Han
Published: November 2022

Background: Present molecular and microbiologic diagnostic tests have suboptimal sensitivity for diagnosing pauci-bacillary tuberculosis (TB). We recently developed a combined molecular and immunodiagnostic test for active TB involvingdetection of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and of IFN-γ/TNF-α release from blood. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of this new test from patients with suspected TB.
Methods: Adult patients suspected of active TB were prospectively enrolled from March 2019 to September 2021. CfDNA detection and the IFN-γ/TNF-αdual release fluorospot assay were performed using plasma and PBMC specimens. Final diagnosis of patients with suspected TB was provided by clinical category.
Results: A total of 105 patients including 54 with active TB and 51 with not-active TB were finally analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of cfDNA detection in plasma were 67% (95% CI, 53–79) and 80% (69–92), respectively, and those of the IFN-γ/TNF-αdual release fluorospot assay of PBMCs were 80% (67–89) and 90% (79–97), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the combined assays were 91% (80–97) and 77% (63–87).
Conclusion: The combination of cfDNA detection and the IFN-γ/TNF-αdual release assay using blood specimens appears to be a useful adjunct test for the diagnosis of active TB.
Factors influencing blue-collar workers’ participation in Worksite Health Promotion Programs in transport and logistics: a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)
Authors: Damen Marc A W , Detaille Sarah I , Engels Josephine A , de Lange Annet H
Published: November 2022

Background
Blue-collar workers in transport and logistics report a high risk of developing chronic diseases, partly due to an unhealthy lifestyle. Worksite health promotion programs may be able to promote a healthier lifestyle, but participation by blue-collar workers in these programs is relatively low. As a result, the current study aimed to further examine psychological and contextual factors that can explain participation of blue-collar workers in these programs within the transport and logistics sector.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were held with 32 blue-collar workers in transport and logistics in the Netherlands (94% male, 81% driver, mean age 48 (SD=11)). Interview guides were based on the Theoretical Domains Framework and were used to assess perceived determinants that influence participation. Interviews were transcribed and coded deductively to determine relevant domains, and inductively with the constant comparison method to determine key themes within and between relevant domains.
Results
From these codes seven themes emerged, namely: (1) information sometimes too abstract or too complex (2) it takes wake-up calls to make lifestyle priority, (3) autonomy and individual freedom are important, (4) distrust towards worksite health promotion programs, (5) doers instead of talkers, (6) need for personal contact and acknowledgement, and (7) little stimulation at home and at work.
Conclusions
The results revealed that the Theoretical Domains Framework proved to be a useful tool for developing the interview guide. All groups of possible determinants (capability, opportunity and motivation) could be assessed. With these insights we were able to formulate recommendations for companies to enhance the participation of blue-collar workers in worksite health promotion programs.
Benefits of PLT for Cyber-Security Training
Authors: Chowdhury Nabin , Gkioulos Vasileios , Nystad Espen
Published: November 2022

The security of the communication systems, digital services and functionalities of Critical Infrastructures (CI) is more important now than ever. Many of today’s energy providing infrastructures such as Smart Grids and Nuclear Power Plants rely on digitalized In- dustrial Control Systems. This, while facilitating data exchange and regular functions, has also rendered the infrastructures vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Additionally to installing security applications, ensuring that CI personnel is aware of cyber-threats and properly trained to cover all functions of their role is critical. For this purpose, several Cyber-Security (CS) training solutions have been proposed and adopted in recent years. While many advancements to CS training have been proposed in the literature, certain limitations are still present in current offerings. Current CS training and exercise offerings are often generalized to all audiences, as well as being inflexible and challenging to implement in many cases. Additionally, training participants are often not involved in the design or development of the exercises, which does not allow for tailored personaliza- tion and design of appropriate learning paths. In this work, we propose a framework for developing CS train- ing exercises based on Personalized Learning Theory (PLT) concepts. Additionally, we develop and evalu- ate two different CS exercises with two different tar- get groups developed using the framework. The results of the experiments and comparison with exercises con- ducted without using the framework show that the im- plementation of PLT concepts in the exercises had a significant effect on their effectiveness and outcome.
Modulation of defense genes and phenolic compounds in wild blueberry in response to Botrytis cinerea under field conditions
Authors: Abbey Joel , Jose Sherin , Percival David , Jaakola Laura , Asiedu Samuel K.
Published: November 2022

Botrytis blight is an important disease of wild blueberry [(Vaccinium angustifolium (Va) and V. myrtilloides (Vm))] with variable symptoms in the field due to differences in susceptibility among blueberry phenotypes. Representative blueberry plants of varying phenotypes were inoculated with spores of B. cinerea. The relative expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PR3, PR4), flavonoid biosynthesis genes, and estimation of the concentration of ten phenolic compounds between uninoculated and inoculated samples at different time points were analyzed. Representative plants of six phenotypes (brown stem Va, green stem Va, Va f. nigrum, tall, medium, and short stems of Vm) were collected and studied using qRT-PCR. The expression of targeted genes indicated a response of inoculated plants to B. cinerea at either 12, 24, 48 or 96 hours post inoculation (hpi). The maximum expression of PR3 occurred at 24 hpi in all the phenotypes except Va f. nigrum and tall stem Vm. Maximum expression of both PR genes occurred at 12 hpi in Va f. nigrum. Chalcone synthase, flavonol synthase and anthocyanin synthase were suppressed at 12 hpi followed by an upregulation at 24 hpi. The expression of flavonoid pathway genes was phenotype-specific with their regulation patterns showing temporal differences among the phenotypes. Phenolic compound accumulation was temporally regulated at different post-inoculation time points. M-coumaric acid and kaempferol-3-glucoside are the compounds that were increased with B. cinerea inoculation. Results from this study suggest that the expression of PR and flavonoid genes, and the accumulation of phenolic compounds associated with B. cinerea infection could be phenotype specific. This study may provide a starting point for understanding and determining the mechanisms governing the wild blueberry-B. cinerea pathosystem.
Comprehensive Analysis of CNN and YOLOv5 Object Detection Model to Classify Phytomedicine Tree’s Leaf Disease
Authors: Islam Md. Ashiqul , Haque Imdadul , Rahaman Mizanur , Jahan Tanjila , Shohan Sarwar Jahan , Ahmed Md. Tanvir , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Khatun Tania
Published: November 2022

Phytomedicine is not only known to the poor people of East Bengal and West Bengal as a medicine but also as a beacon of hope for survival in a diseased life. In this approach, Terminalia Arjuna, Lawsonia inermis, Azadirachta indica, and Ocimum tenuiflorum Phytomedicine tree datasets. Terminalia Arjuna mainly protects gastric mucosa from oxidative damage and it makes it strong so that the stomach gets protection against ulcers. It also exhibits strong antibacterial and antimicrobial properties which help to fight against stomach infections like gastric, diarrhea, and dysentery. There are various uses of Lawsonia inermis. It is known as a powerful detoxifier and it helps to prefer healthy gum, and healthy hair and reduces arthritis pain. The flower of Lawsonia inermis can be used for headaches due to the heat of the sun. Neem is known as Phytomedicine for all diseases and the most common diseases are treated with acne, nourishing the skin, treating wounds, use to reduce dandruff and joint pain, etc. Mainly it increases immunity and provides a healthy life. Another famous Phytomedicine known as Ocimum tenuiflorum is used to treat kidney stones, alleviate fever and headaches, provide a healthy heart, healthy eye, healthy oral, and fight against acne, etc. It is also known as a big source of vitamin K. The most famous and fast object detection algorithms as YOLOv5 and Keras pre-trained models as Xception, ResNet152V2, VGG19, and InceptionResNetV2 have been developed to predict disease-affected or disease-free leaves. The implemented approach has gained a height accuracy of 97.00% from Xception and 95% accuracy from YOLOv5.
Single-site indoor fingerprint localization algorithm based on frequency domain MIMO-CSI
Authors: Wu Qiang , Chen Susu , Li Renjie , Fan Jiancun
Published: November 2022

Aiming at the problem of initial channel state information (CSI) data with larger error measured in indoor environment due to the frequency offset of the transceiver device, this paper studies the performance using frequency domain CSI as fingerprints in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, and proposes a single-site indoor fingerprinting localization algorithm based on multi-carrier frequency domain MIMO-CSI. Due to the problem of distortion when transforming the frequency domain channel into time domain channel based on 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, this paper uses MIMO-CSI in frequency domain directly. Considering the large dimension of the initial CSI data, we adopt two different methods to reduce the dimension. Then, we analyze the reason of phase distortion in the initial CSI data and propose a linear transformation algorithm to correct the CSI phase. After that, we use the amplitude and the corrected phase on different antennas and multi-carrier in frequency domain as original fingerprint data to be trained in a back propagation (BP) neural network. Finally, the K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm is used to improve the positioning accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better positioning performance compared with other positioning schemes.
Association between osteoporosis and bone metastasis of lung cancer based on opportunistic screening by low-dose computer tomography: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Caiyun , Su Lulu , Qi Xin , Liu Hongming , Shen Yu , Zou Zhi , Qi Fei , Zhang Miao , He Junya , Qu Min , Zhang Xiaolin , Zhu Jiadong , Wang Yong , Zhu Zhimin , Cheng xiaoguang , Li Yongli , Cang Shundong
Published: November 2022

Background: The interaction between osteoporosis-related bone microenvironment (BMD)and tumor may accelerate bone metastasis. However, the relationship between osteoporosis and lung cancer bone metastasis is unknown.
Methods: We performed opportunistic screening for osteoporosis using chest low-dose computerized tomography (LDCT) to assess a relationship between osteoporosis and bone metastases from lung cancer. We used quantitative computed tomography (QCT) software to measure spinal trabecular BMD; we evaluated the density distribution by the American College of Radiology QCT diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis. The diagnosis of bone metastases was based on imaging methods. We obtained optimal cut-off for age by X-tile analysis. Univariate and multivariate COX survival analysis was used to compare the relationship between osteoporosis and bone metastases from lung cancer, and whether age and sex had an effect on the relationship.
Results: At baseline, 401 patients with lung cancer, mean age ± standard deviation (SD) 61.7 ± 9.7 years, underwent LDCT opportunistic screening for lung cancer and osteoporosis, including 240 men (mean age ± SD 62.3 ± 9.7 years) and 161 women (mean age ± SD 60.7 ± 9.6 years). During a median follow-up of 21.3 months, 59 patients with lung cancer progressed to bone metastases. Regression analysis showed that the risk of lung cancer bone metastasis for men with osteoporosis was adjusted hazard ratios (HR) 95% confidence interval (CI)(0.27 0.14-0.50), P<0.001. After adjusting for age and sex, regression analysis showed that the lung cancer with osteoporosis for men was adjusted HR 95%CI(0.29 0.14-0.57), P<0.001 ,and greater for patients aged 63 older (adjusted HR 95%CI, 0.32 0.15-0.69 P<0.001). The progression time of bone metastases in patients with lung cancer and osteoporosis was faster, but not statistically different than the progression time of patients without osteoporosis.
Conclusion: Overall, our study showed that osteoporosis diagnosed by low-dose chest CT opportunistic screening was associated with bone metastases from lung cancer. The findings proved that osteoporosis was an important risk factor for bone metastases from lung cancer, but osteoporosis cannot accelerate the time to progression of bone metastases. Our study highlights the clinical value of screening for osteoporosis in the prevention and treatment of bone metastases from lung cancer.
Trial registration: The study approved by the Ethics Committee of the Henan Provincial 65 People's Hospital.(Ethical Approval Number: 2021 Aaron trial Examination No. (68)).
Facilitators and barriers to engaging with the DREAMS initiative among young women who sell sex aged 18-24 in Zimbabwe: a qualitative study
Authors: Machingura Fortunate , Busza Joanna , Madimutsa Gracious , Makamba Memory , Mushati Phillis , Chiyaka Tarisai , Hargreaves James , Hensen Bernadette , Birdthistle Isolde , Cowan Frances Mary
Published: November 2022

Background
Adolescent girls and young women are at high risk of contracting HIV and exchanging sex for financial or material support heightens their risk. In Zimbabwe, the DREAMS initiative integrated education and employment opportunities within HIV health promotion and clinical services for vulnerable young women, including those who sell sex. While most participants accessed health services, fewer than 10% participated in any social programmes.
Methods
We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 43 young women aged 18–24 to understand their experiences of engaging with the DREAMS programme. We purposively sampled participants for diversity in level of education, type and location of selling sex. We analysed the data by applying the Theoretical Domains Framework to explore facilitators and barriers to engaging with DREAMS.
Results
Eligible women were motivated by hopes of escaping poverty, and their longer-term engagement was sustained through exposure to new social networks, including friendships with less vulnerable peers. Barriers included opportunity costs and expenses such as transport or equipment required for job placements. Participants also described pervasive stigma and discrimination related to their involvement in selling sex. Interviews highlighted the young women’s struggles in a context of entrenched social and material deprivation and structural discrimination that hindered their ability to take up most of the social services offered.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that while poverty was a key driver of participation in an integrated package of support, it also constrained the ability of highly vulnerable young women to benefit fully from the DREAMS initiative. Multi-layered HIV prevention approaches such as DREAMS that seek to alter complex and longstanding social and economic deprivation address many of the challenges faced by YWSS but will only succeed if the underlying drivers of HIV risk among YWSS are also addressed.