bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost-Efficient Hybrid WDM-MDM-Ro-FSO System for Broadband Services in Hospitals
Authors: Liang Peidong , Zhang Chentao , Nebhen Jamel , Chaudhary Sushank , Tang Xuan
Published: July 2021

The expansion of high-speed communication needs due to explosive growth of subscribers each year has led the researchers to design the next generation communication systems which can cope with the current growing demand. Millimeter waves, operated within the range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz, can become potential carrier for delivering large amount of data. However, in hospital scenarios, these radio waves are subjected to strict regulations due to direct impact on patients’ health as well as high interference with other medical devices which again imposes critical challenge on patients. Thus, it is a challenge for the researchers to provide communication/broadband services for transmission of such sensitive biomedical sensor data in hospitals locations. Radio over Free space (Ro-FSO) systems may become the attractive solution to deliver millimeter waves over free space link with high speed. Further, to expand the capacity of Ro-FSO systems, mode division multiplexing (MDM) plays a vital role in addition to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) scheme. In this work, we have demonstrated the MDM-WDM scheme to deliver four channels with each one having the capacity of 10 Gbps up-converted to 40 GHz over FSO link which is suitable for providing broadband and communication services within the hospital premises. Moreover, the proposed WDM-MDM-Ro-FSO link is evaluated under different fog conditions.
Causes and Consequences of Interindividual Response Variability: A Call to Apply a More Rigorous Research Design in Acute Exercise-Cognition Studies
Authors: Herold Fabian , Törpel Alexander , Hamacher Dennis , Budde Henning , Zou Liye , Strobach Tilo , Müller Notger G. , Gronwald Thomas
Published: July 2021

The different responses of humans to an apparently equivalent stimulus are called interindividual response variability. This phenomenon has gained more and more attention in research in recent years. The research field of exercise-cognition has also taken up this topic, as shown by a growing number of studies published in the past decade. In this perspective article, we aim to prompt the progress of this research field by (i) discussing the causes and consequences of interindividual variability, (ii) critically examining published studies that have investigated interindividual variability of neurocognitive outcome parameters in response to acute physical exercises, and (iii) providing recommendations for future studies, based on our critical examination. The provided recommendations, which advocate for a more rigorous study design, are intended to help researchers in the field to design studies allowing them to draw robust conclusions. This, in turn, is very likely to foster the development of this research field and the practical application of the findings.
The Role of Innate Immunity and Bioactive Lipid Mediators in COVID-19 and Influenza
Authors: Sahanic Sabina , Löffler-Ragg Judith , Tymoszuk Piotr , Hilbe Richard , Demetz Egon , Masanetz Rebecca K , Theurl Markus , Holfeld Johannes , Gollmann-Tepeköylü Can , Tzankov Alexandar , Weiss Guenter , Giera Martin , Tancevski Ivan
Published: July 2021

In this review, we discuss spatiotemporal kinetics and inflammatory signatures of innate immune cells specifically found in response to SARS-CoV-2 compared to influenza virus infection. Importantly, we cover the current understanding on the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 may fail to engage a coordinated type I response and instead may lead to exaggerated inflammation and death. This knowledge is central for the understanding of available data on specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection pointing toward inhibited E-series resolvin synthesis in severe cases. By investigating a publicly available RNA-seq database of bronchoalveolar lavage cells from patients affected by COVID-19, we moreover offer insights into the regulation of key enzymes involved in lipid mediator synthesis, critically complementing the current knowledge about the mediator lipidome in severely affected patients. This review finally discusses different potential approaches to sustain the synthesis of 3-PUFA-derived pro-resolving lipid mediators, including resolvins and lipoxins, which may critically aid in the prevention of acute lung injury and death from COVID-19.
Heat Stress and Feed Restriction Distinctly Affect Performance, Carcass and Meat Yield, Intestinal Integrity, and Inflammatory (Chemo)Cytokines in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Emami Nima K. , Greene Elizabeth S. , Kogut Michael H. , Dridi Sami
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted to distinguish the effects of heat stress (HS) and feed intake (FI) on broiler chicken’s physiological responses. Day-old male Cobb 500 broilers (n= 672) were allocated to three treatments: (1) control (CTL): birds raised under normal temperature (23°C) from day 29 to 42; (2) cyclic heat stress (CHS): birds exposed to high temperatures (8 h/day at 35°C; from 9:30 am to 5:30 pm) from day 29 to 42; (3) pair-fed (PF): birds raised under thermoneutral condition but fed the same amount of feed as CHS from day 29 to 42. On day 42, 15 birds/pen were processed, to measure carcass and meat yields. To measure blood parameters and gut integrity (using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran), on day 42, CHS birds were sampled before (Pre-CHS) and 2 h after (Post-CHS) the temperature increased. Furthermore, after sampling CTL birds, they were exposed to 2h heat and sampled (acute heat stress, AHS). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (JMP Pro15) and significance between treatments identified by LSD (P< 0.05). BW and relative carcass yield were significantly higher in CTL compared to CHS and PF. Compared to CHS, PF had significantly higher BW and lower relative carcass yield. Breast yield was significantly higher for CTL and PF, while leg quarters and wings yield were significantly lower compared to CHS. Gut barrier integrity was significantly altered in Post-CHS and AHS compared to CTL. mRNA abundances of tumor necrosis factor-α, C-C motif chemokine ligand-20, heat shock protein (HSP)-27, andHSP70were significantly higher in Post-CHS and AHS compared to CTL. AHS had significantly higher mRNA abundances of CARD domain containing (NLRC)-3andNLRC5inflammasomes, and lower superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1andSOD2abundance compared with CTL. PF had significantly higher liver weight (% BW) compared to all other groups; while abdominal fat was significantly higher in Pre-CHS compared to CTL, PF, and AHS. Together, these data indicate that the negative effects of HS are partially due to reduced FI. However, the negative effect of HS on gut integrity, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and meat yield are direct and independent of the reduced FI during the HS. Thus, warrant investigating the underlying mechanisms in future research.
Responsiveness, Performance and Corruption: Reasons for the Decline of Political Trust
Authors: Torcal Mariano , Christmann Pablo
Published: July 2021

We test the importance of responsiveness, performance and corruption to explain the evolution of political trust in Spain between 1997 and 2019. To this end, the study analyses two longitudinal datasets, namely, a repeated cross-sectional dataset from the Spanish samples of Eurobarometer and an individual-level panel survey conducted during a period of economic recovery in 2015. The study finds that perceptions about political corruption and responsiveness matter greatly in shaping political trust and to a lesser extent economic performance. Although the Great Recession is likely responsible for the sharp decline in trust towards political parties and the parliament between 2008 and 2012, the analysis suggests that trust in representative institutions remains low even after the Recession because of a series of devastating corruption incidents and a perceived lack of responsiveness of the political system. On the other hand, the study finds indications that trust in the judicial system might have been mainly affected by perceptions of corruption.
Influence of Ego Depletion on Individual Forgiveness in Different Interpersonal Offense Situations
Authors: Zhou Yangen , Zhao Lihua , Yang Yibo , Liu Xianmin
Published: July 2021

Forgiveness, as an important content in the field of morality, means that the offended person overcomes the negative emotion, cognition, and behavior toward the offender and replaces it with positive emotion, cognition, and behavior. Based on the theory of the limitation of psychological resources, ego depletion (ED) will lead to the weakening of self-regulation function, thus making some immoral behaviors, which is not conducive to individual forgiveness. In order to explore the influence of ED on individual forgiveness in different interpersonal offense situations, this study used the Stroop task to manipulate the level of ED and used imaginary situations to distinguish offending situations. We found that the level of forgiveness in a serious offense situation was significantly lower than that in a mild offense situation, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.158. In different interpersonal offense situations, ED has different effects on forgiveness. In the severe offense situation, the forgiveness level of high-ED individuals was significantly lower than that of the low-ED individuals, p = 0.023, partial η2 = 0.144; in the mild offense situation, the forgiveness level of high-ED individuals was significantly higher than that of low-ED individuals, p = 0.029, partial η2 = 0.140. The results showed that different levels of ED have no consistent effect on forgiveness in different interpersonal offense situations; high ED hinders individual forgiveness in serious offense situations but can promote individual forgiveness in mild offense situations.
Automated Scoring of Tablet-Administered Expressive Language Tests
Authors: Gale Robert , Bird Julie , Wang Yiyi , van Santen Jan , Prud'hommeaux Emily , Dolata Jill , Asgari Meysam
Published: July 2021

Speech and language impairments are common pediatric conditions, with as many as 10% of children experiencing one or both at some point during development. Expressive language disorders in particular often go undiagnosed, underscoring the immediate need for assessments of expressive language that can be administered and scored reliably and objectively. In this paper, we present a set of highly accurate computational models for automatically scoring several common expressive language tasks. In our assessment framework, instructions and stimuli are presented to the child on a tablet computer, which records the child's responses in real time, while a clinician controls the pace and presentation of the tasks using a second tablet. The recorded responses for four distinct expressive language tasks (expressive vocabulary, word structure, recalling sentences, and formulated sentences) are then scored using traditional paper-and-pencil scoring and using machine learning methods relying on a deep neural network-based language representation model. All four tasks can be scored automatically from both clean and verbatim speech transcripts with very high accuracy at the item level (83−99%). In addition, these automated scores correlate strongly and significantly (ρ = 0.76–0.99,p< 0.001) with manual item-level, raw, and scaled scores. These results point to the utility and potential of automated computationally-driven methods of both administering and scoring expressive language tasks for pediatric developmental language evaluation.
Which Divergent Thinking Index Is More Associated With Problem Finding Ability? The Role of Flexibility and Task Nature
Authors: Abdulla Alabbasi Ahmed M. , Reiter-Palmon Roni , Sultan Zainab M. , Ayoub Alaa Eldin A.
Published: July 2021

Problem finding (PF) and divergent thinking (DT) are considered to be indicators of creative potential. Previous studies, with different goals, suggest a positive correlation between PF and DT. However, none of these works have explicitly examined which index of DT is more associated with PF. The current investigation examined the association between PF and three main indexes of DT: fluency, flexibility, and originality. It also tested whether such a relation differs based on task nature (verbal vs. figural). The sample consisted of 90 sixth graders who completed three tests: (a) a verbal DT test, (b) a figural DT test, and (c) a PF test. Correlational analysis showed that flexibility was highly correlated with PF in the verbal DT test, whereas originality was significantly correlated with PF in the figural test. Results of the path analysis confirmed the results from correlational analyses and showed that verbal flexibility strongly predicted PF fluency, flexibility, and originality more than any other variable. Likelihood ratio test showed that using 1 or 3% cutoff for scoring originality did not significantly altered the results in both figural and verbal DT (vs. PF), while the likelihood ratio test showed significant differences between the figural and verbal DT. Finally, predictor variables in the verbal DT accounted for 40–58% of the variance in PF skills, whereas predictor variables in the figural DT accounted for 28–37% of the variance in PF skills. As suggested by experts in the field of PF, the role of flexibility in PF is a fertile area to be considered in future studies.
Acceptance and Commitment Training for Ice Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lundgren Tobias , Reinebo Gustaf , Fröjmark Markus Jansson , Jäder Emil , Näslund Markus , Svartvadet Per , Samuelsson Ulf , Parling Thomas
Published: July 2021

Recent systematic reviews on the topic of mindfulness- and acceptance-based approaches in sport psychology conclude that there is a need for further trials using a more robust research methodology with direct performance as outcome. Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) is a contextual behavioral change method that focuses on facilitating psychological processes such as values, committed action, acceptance and mindfulness. In the present study designed as a randomized controlled trial, 34 junior elite ice hockey players were allocated into either an ACT group intervention or a wait list control group. Results showed significant effects on both objective performance outcomes (goals, assists, and taken shots) and blinded coach ratings of players’ performance, focus and commitment to their development in favor of the ACT group. Effects lasted at 3-month follow-up for the coach ratings, but not for the objective performance measures. All ACT trained players recommended ACT to other players and considered the training as important for their development as ice hockey players. The results add to the growing body of evidence on ACT interventions for athletes and its effect on performance. Future studies should investigate the maintenance of effects from the psychological training over time, using robust research methodology and investigate theoretical coherent potential mediating variables.
Sense of Coherence and Mental Health in College Students After Returning to School During COVID-19: The Moderating Role of Media Exposure
Authors: Li Man , Xu Zhansheng , He Xinyue , Zhang Jiahui , Song Rui , Duan Wenjin , Liu Tour , Yang Haibo
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic not only threatens people’s physical health, but also affects their mental health in the long term. Although people had returned to work and school, they are closely monitoring the development of the epidemic and taking preventive measures. This study attempted to examine the relationship between media exposure, sense of coherence (SOC) and mental health, and the moderating effect of media exposure in college students after returning to school. In the present study, we conducted a cross sectional survey on 424 college students returning to school around May 2020. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess media exposure scale, SOC, depression, anxiety and stress. Correlation and moderation analysis was conducted. The results showed that (1) negative epidemic information exposure, rather than positive epidemic information exposure, was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. (2) SOC was also associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. (3) The effect of SOC on depression was modified by negative epidemic information exposure. With the increase of negative epidemic information exposure, the predictive effect of SOC on depression is increasing gradually. These findings demonstrated that negative epidemic information exposure was associated with an increased psychological distress in the sample. A high SOC played a certain protective role in the adaptation of college students in the post-epidemic period. It is important to find more ways to increase the colleges’ SOC level and avoid negative information exposure.
Can Psychosocial Intervention Suppress Testosterone and Triglycerides Among Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? A Feasibility Trial
Authors: Yin Margaret X. C. , Du L. B. , Zou X. N. , Fung Y. L. , Sun Y. Y. , Chan Celia H. Y. , Chan Cecilia L. W.
Published: July 2021

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) suffer significant psychological distress, which may activate the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis and further affect their physiological state. They often experience elevated levels of testosterone and triglycerides. Considering reports of psychological distress among women with PCOS, this study aimed to develop a psychosocial intervention to improve their emotional and physical health, particularly in Chinese society. This pilot study employed the Integrative Body-Mind-Spirit (I-BMS) intervention model for women with PCOS in China. After a 2 h health information session, 18 participants were randomly assigned to the I-BMS group (9) or the control group (9). The intervention group received 6 weekly, 3 h I-BMS sessions. Pre- and post-blood tests and psychosocial questionnaires were collected from all participants. Retention to treatment was high with 79.6% treatment adherence gained and an overall average of five sessions completed. Compared with the control group, depression and anxiety symptoms reduced significantly for those in the intervention group (d = −1.24, p < 0.05 and d = –1.33, p < 0.01), their health-related quality of life improved significantly (d = 1.02, p < 0.01) both at post-intervention and 3 month follow-up, and their testosterone and triglycerides levels reduced significantly (d = −0.97, p < 0.001 and d = –0.41, p < 0.05) after joining the intervention. The I-BMS model is feasible and appears promising in improving psychological health, and reducing testosterone and triglyceride levels, in women with PCOS in China.

Clinical Trial Registration:www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR1900027606.
Studying Children’s Eating at Home: Using Synchronous Videoconference Sessions to Adapt to COVID-19 and Beyond
Authors: Venkatesh Shruthi , DeJesus Jasmine M.
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many facets of developmental research, including research that measures children’s eating behavior. Here, children’s food intake is often measured by weighing foods that children are offered before and after in-person testing sessions. Many studies also examine children’s food ratings (the extent to which they like or dislike a food), assessed via picture categorization tasks or hedonic scales. This paper reviews existing research on different methods for characterizing children’s eating behavior (with a focus on food intake, preferences, and concepts) and presents a feasibility study that examined whether children’s eating behaviors at home (including their food intake and ratings) can be measured via live video-chat sessions. The feasibility analyses revealed that an observational feeding paradigm at home yielded a majority (more than 70%) of video-chat recordings that had a sufficient view of the child and adequate sound and picture quality required for observational coding for the majority of the session’s duration. Such positioning would enable behavioral coding of child food intake, parent food talk, and meal characteristics. Moreover, children were able to answer questions to stories and express their preferences via researcher screen-share methods (which can assess children’s self-reported food preferences and beliefs) with low rates of exclusion across studies. The article ends with a discussion on the opportunities and challenges of using online platforms to conduct studies on children’s eating behaviors in their home environments during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
The Different Facets of Heart Rate Variability in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Qin Hua , Steenbergen Nicolas , Glos Martin , Wessel Niels , Kraemer Jan F. , Vaquerizo-Villar Fernando , Penzel Thomas
Published: July 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a heterogeneous and multifactorial sleep related breathing disorder with high prevalence, is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Autonomic dysfunction leads to adverse cardiovascular outcomes in diverse pathways. Heart rate is a complex physiological process involving neurovisceral networks and relative regulatory mechanisms such as thermoregulation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanisms, and metabolic mechanisms. Heart rate variability (HRV) is considered as a reliable and non-invasive measure of autonomic modulation response and adaptation to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. HRV measures may add a new dimension to help understand the interplay between cardiac and nervous system involvement in OSA. The aim of this review is to introduce the various applications of HRV in different aspects of OSA to examine the impaired neuro-cardiac modulation. More specifically, the topics covered include: HRV time windows, sleep staging, arousal, sleepiness, hypoxia, mental illness, and mortality and morbidity. All of these aspects show pathways in the clinical implementation of HRV to screen, diagnose, classify, and predict patients as a reasonable and more convenient alternative to current measures.
Validity and Cultural Generalisability of a 5-Minute AI-Based, Computerised Cognitive Assessment in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Dementia
Authors: Kalafatis Chris , Modarres Mohammad Hadi , Apostolou Panos , Marefat Haniye , Khanbagi Mahdiyeh , Karimi Hamed , Vahabi Zahra , Aarsland Dag , Khaligh-Razavi Seyed-Mahdi
Published: July 2021

Introduction:Early detection and monitoring of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients are key to tackling dementia and providing benefits to patients, caregivers, healthcare providers and society. We developed the Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA); a 5-min, language independent computerised cognitive test that employs an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model to improve its accuracy in detecting cognitive impairment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the generalisability of the ICA in detecting cognitive impairment in MCI and mild AD patients.

Methods:We studied the ICA in 230 participants. 95 healthy volunteers, 80 MCI, and 55 mild AD participants completed the ICA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) cognitive tests.

Results:The ICA demonstrated convergent validity with MoCA (Pearson r=0.58, p<0.0001) and ACE (r=0.62, p<0.0001). The ICA AI model was able to detect cognitive impairment with an AUC of 81% for MCI patients, and 88% for mild AD patients. The AI model demonstrated improved performance with increased training data and showed generalisability in performance from one population to another. The ICA correlation of 0.17 (p= 0.01) with education years is considerably smaller than that of MoCA (r= 0.34,p< 0.0001) and ACE (r= 0.41,p< 0.0001) which displayed significant correlations. In a separate study the ICA demonstrated no significant practise effect over the duration of the study.

Discussion:The ICA can support clinicians by aiding accurate diagnosis of MCI and AD and is appropriate for large-scale screening of cognitive impairment. The ICA is unbiased by differences in language, culture, and education.
The 100 Top-Cited Studies on Dyslexia Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zhang Shijie , Fan Hong , Zhang Yonggang
Published: July 2021

Background: Citation analysis is a type of quantitative and bibliometric analytic method designed to rank papers based on their citation counts. Over the last few decades, the research on dyslexia has made some progress which helps us to assess this disease, but a citation analysis on dyslexia that reflects these advances is lacking.

Methods: A retrospective bibliometric analysis was performed using the Web of Science Core Collection database. The 100 top-cited studies on dyslexia were retrieved after reviewing abstracts or full-texts to May 20th, 2021. Data from the 100 top-cited studies were subsequently extracted and analyzed.

Results: The 100 top-cited studies on dyslexia were cited between 245 to 1,456 times, with a median citation count of 345. These studies were published in 50 different journals, with the “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” having published the most (n = 10). The studies were published between 1973 and 2012 and the most prolific year in terms of number of publications was 2000. Eleven countries contributed to the 100 top-cited studies, and nearly 75% articles were either from the USA (n = 53) or United Kingdom (n = 21). Eighteen researchers published at least two different studies of the 100 top-cited list as the first author. Furthermore, 71 studies were published as an original research article, 28 studies were review articles, and one study was published as an editorial material. Finally, “Psychology” was the most frequent study category.

Conclusions: This analysis provides a better understanding on dyslexia and may help doctors, researchers, and stakeholders to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of classic studies, new discoveries, and trends regarding this research field, thus promoting ideas for future investigation.
Mental Health Symptoms, Binge Drinking, and the Experience of Abuse During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Mexico
Authors: Morales Chainé Silvia , López Montoya Alejandra , Bosch Maldonado Alejandro , Beristain Aguirre Ana , Robles García Rebeca , Garibay Rubio Carlos Rodrigo , Astudillo García Claudia Iveth , Lira Chávez Isaura Angélica , Rangel Gómez María Gudelia
Published: July 2021

Background: The health crisis associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is causally linked to negative mental health symptoms in the same way as other diseases such as Ebola.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship between mental health symptoms, binge drinking, and the experience of abuse during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Method: We surveyed 9,361 participants, all Mexican, with an average age of 33 years old (SD = 10.86). In this group of people, we found out that 59% were single (5,523), 71% were women (6,693). Forty-six percentage were complying with lockdown procedures (4,286), 50% were partially complying (4,682), and 4% were not complying at all (393). The invitation to participate was open from April 24th to April 30th during the second stage of the pandemic in Mexico, in 2020, characterized by voluntary complete lockdown staying at home. Thus, we used a cross-sectional online survey design to assess mental health risk factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was available on a WebApp designed by Linux®, PHP®, HTML®, CSS®, and JavaScript®. We calculated descriptive and inferential analysis to describe the mental health average distribution as a function of the lockdown, binge drinking, and experience of abuse. To calculate the reliability and validation of the subscales, we used Cronbach's Alpha and Factor Loading. We run the confirmatory factor loading analysis, and we described the relationship between each latent variable and its item factor load, obtained through structural modeling equations, derived from 179 iterations and 207 parameters (t[1,171] = 28,079.418, p < 0.001). We got a CFI of 0.947, a TLC of 0.940, an RMSEA of 0.049 (0.049–0.050), and an SRMR of 0.048.

Findings: The results indicated that reported attitudes such as avoidance, sadness, withdrawal, anger, and anxiety were associated with acute stress, which was linked to an anxiety condition caused by uncertainty about achieving or maintaining overall good health.

Discussion and Prospects: People in lockdown mentioned a sudden increase in alcohol consumption. They lived episodes of physical and emotional abuse, in contrast with those who stated that they did not go into lockdown or consume alcohol, or experienced abuse.

Limitations: Further studies should diagnose mental health conditions as part of the impact of COVID-19, ensure their follow-up, and assess the effect of providing remote psychological care. There is a need to explore methods to curb the increase in the number of people affected by post-traumatic stress disorder.
Ultraviolet Radiation and Basal Cell Carcinoma: An Environmental Perspective
Authors: Teng Yan , Yu Yong , Li Sujing , Huang Youming , Xu Danfeng , Tao Xiaohua , Fan Yibin
Published: July 2021

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a known carcinogen participated for the development of skin cancers. Solar UVR exposure, particularly ultraviolet B (UVB), is the mostly significant environmental risk factor for the occurrence and progress of basal cell carcinoma(BCC). Both cumulative and intermittent high-grade UVR exposure could promote the uncontrolled replication of skin cells. There are also exsiting other contributing environmental factors that combine with the UVR exposure to promote the development of BCC. DNA damage in formation of skin cancers is considered to be a result of UVR toxicity. It is UVR that could activate a series of oncogenes simultaneously inactivating tumor suppressor genes and aberrant proliferation and survival of keratinocytes that repair these damages. Furthermore, mounting evidence demonstrates that inflammatory responses of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment plays crucial role in the skin tumorigenesis as well. In this chapter, we will follow the function of UVR in the onset and development of BCC. We describe the factors that influence BCC induced by UVR, and also review the recent advances of pathogenesis of BCC induced by UVR from the genetic and inflammatory aspects.
Treating Cancer With X-ray Radiation Therapy
Authors: Lyons Kristopher A. , Arsenault Theodore H. , Ouyang Zi
Published: July 2021

Radiation therapy is an important cancer treatment. At least half of the cancer patients in the United States receive radiation therapy every year. X-rays are often used in radiation therapy. How are X-rays produced? How do we use X-rays to treat cancer? This article answers these questions and explains the physics behind radiation therapy.
Vaccination: Voluntary or Mandatory?
Authors: Shuvalova I. A.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the terminology of the main categories on the issue under study. The author analyzes the legality and legal consequences of refusal to vaccinate certain categories of employees. The article considers the employer's obligation to organize and implement measures aimed at implementing the norms of sanitary legislation, including the right of citizens to refuse preventive vaccinations. In theory, there are several options for legislative consolidation of certain provisions after the introduction of a vaccine against coronavirus infection.
Wage indexation as a means of ensuring that real wage levels are raised
Authors: Shapoval Е. A.
Published: July 2021

The article considers issues related to the state guarantee of ensuring an increase in the level of real wage content, the definition of the concept of “wage indexation”, the procedure for its implementation and the mechanisms for determining the amount based on the approaches developed in the science of labor law and judicial practice taking into account priorities in the field of social and labor relations.
Influence of the Fourth industrial Revolution on the transformation of labor protection standards
Authors: Mikhailov A. V.
Published: July 2021

The Fourth industrial Revolution, together with the transformation of labor law in connection with the further digitalization of production processes, implies further development and change of the norms of the Institute of labor protection. Based on the analysis of possible prospects for the development of legal relations in this area, the conclusion is made about the complexity of legal regulation of labor protection due to the increase in the volume of remote labor and the use of online control of production processes.
English version of this article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/impact-of-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-on-the-transformation-of-labour-safety-standards/63659.html
HAPPY LIFE STYLE (HAYATAN TAYYIBAH) FROM THE QUR'ANIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Hadi Abdul
Published: July 2021

Islamic lifestyle mean is amount of topics and issues that satisfies Islam in human life,  if we want to see that our lifestyle Islamic or not, we have to put some standart to evaluate it. But beside that, we must know rightly the concept and  reality of the Islamic way of life. The standard of behavior in the Muslim community should be based on the principles of Islamic teachings, and the most important criteria for Islamic lifestyle based on the hole submission of God and the rule of Islamic values ​​in life.  So we should be base on Islamic and Quranic teaching in personal life and social ones, and in this case we can be assured that Islam being our life style.

Yang dimaksud dengan gaya hidup islami adalah banyaknya topik dan isu yang memuaskan Islam dalam kehidupan manusia, jika kita ingin melihat apakah gaya hidup islami atau tidak, kita harus menempatkan suatu standart untuk mengevaluasinya. Namun disamping itu, kita harus mengetahui dengan benar konsep dan realita jalan hidup Islam. Standar perilaku dalam masyarakat Muslim harus didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip ajaran Islam, dan kriteria terpenting gaya hidup Islami berdasarkan lubang ketaatan Tuhan dan kaidah nilai-nilai Islam dalam kehidupan. Jadi kita harus mendasarkan pada ajaran Islam dan Alquran dalam kehidupan pribadi dan sosial, dan dalam hal ini kita dapat yakin bahwa Islam menjadi gaya hidup kita.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLITICS AND DAKWAH IN THE QUR'AN AND AS-SUNNAH
Authors: Uyuni Badrah
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the concept of politics in Islam and its relation to dakwah. Whether politics and Islam are contradictory or whether politics itself is from Islam and needed in a series of dakwah. The method used in this study is the Method of Literature Study and analysis of scientific references related to relationship between politics and dakwah in the Qurán and the Sunnah’s perspective. There are several verses and hadiths that are displayed in this study to understand the context. The result shows that politics is a crucial thing for a Muslim, and it is wrong if someone thinks that Islam does not have to be political justice for the entire Indonesian nation.
AHLUSSUNAH WAL JAMAAH'S POLITICAL PRACTICES IN POST-REFORM INDONESIA
Authors: Zubaidi Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Islamic politics in Indonesia is very distinctive and has characteristics as a reflection of Indonesian Muslims who understand ahlussunnah wal jamaah so that the aspect of compromise and promoting togetherness, and attaching importance to stability is undeniable. However, that was before, later after the reformation, when the faucet of freedom was opened in Indonesia, many political ideologies entered Indonesia. They tried to change the established Indonesian political order, such as the emergence of the sharia formalization movement, the desire to establish an Islamic state, and the Islamic caliphate. The political activity of this model is increasingly visible in the era of President Jokowidodo as a symbol of resistance. This paper tries to elaborate and analyze with a descriptive analysis system on the phenomena in post-reform Indonesia. It is interesting because there are symptoms that the political doctrine of Aswaja will be defeated by the momentary political doctrines and the doctrines of khilafahism. However, during this upheaval, Aswaja's power and doctrine proved to endure despite the worrying erosion. 

 

Politik Islam di Indonesia sangat khas dan berkarakteristik sebagai cerminan umat Islam Indonesia yang berpaham ahlussunnah wal jamaah, sehingga aspek kompromi dan mengedepankan kebersamaan dan mementingkan stabilitas angat kentara. Tapi itu dulu, belakangan pasca refeormasi, ketika kran kebebasan dibuka di Indonesia, banyal ideology politik masuk ke Indonesia dan  berusaha merubah tatanan politik indonnesia yang sudah mapan, seperti munculnya gerakan formalisasi syariah, keinginan mendirikan Negara Islam, dan khiafah islamiyah. Bahkan aktifitas politik model ini semakin kentara di ere Presiden Jokowidodo sebagai symbol  perlawanan. Tulisan ini mencoba mengelabirasi dan menganalisis dengan system analisis deskriptif terhadap fenomena yang  terjadi di Indonesia pasca reformasi. Hal ini menarik karena ada gejala doktrin politik aswaja akan terkalahkan oleh doktrin politik sesaat dan doktin-doktin khilafihisme. Namun, di tengah pergolakan ini, kekuatan aswaja dan doktrinnya terbukti dapat bertahan walau di tengah erosi yang mengkhawatirkan.
REVITALIZATION OF WAQF MANAGEMENT FOR SOCIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EAST LUWU
Authors: Putra Trisno Wardy , Fildayanti Devita Ayu
Published: July 2021

Waqf is one of the sources of funds that has the potential to develop the people's economy. Even history proves that waqf that is maintained and developed productively is very helpful for the interests of the community.This study aims to determine the waqf management system in Tawakua Village, Angkona District, East Luwu Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques through interview studies to 5 informants. The results of this study indicate that the management of waqf assets is managed directly by the village, and administration of the waqf pledge deed is carried out at KUA Angkona District. However, the role of waqf as a socio-economic development has not been optimal due to the lack of public knowledge and a lack of qualified human resources in the field of waqf. Therefore, it is necessary to revitalize the management of waqf so that the function of waqf as an instrument of economic development can be achieved.

Wakaf menjadi salah satu sumber dana yang memiliki potensi dalam pengembangan ekonomi umat. Bahkan sejarah membuktikan bahwa wakaf yang dipelihara dan dikembangkan secara produktifsangat membantu kepentingan masyarakat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem pengelolaan wakaf di Desa Tawakua Kecamatan Angkona Kabupaten Luwu Timur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengambilan data melalui studi wawancara kepada 5 informan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan harta benda wakaf dikelola secara langsung oleh desa, dan pengurusan administrasi akta ikrar wakaf dilakukan di KUA Kecamatan Angkona. Namun peran wakaf sebagai pembangunan sosial ekonomi belum optimal karena minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat dan kurangnya sumber daya manusia yang mumpuni di bidang wakaf. Oleh karena itu revitalisasi pengelolaan wakaf perlu dilakukan agar fungsi wakaf sebagai instrumen pembangunan ekonomi dapat tercapai.
Poluição do ar e sua relação com a epilepsia
Authors: Jaures Constanza Rocha , Oliveira Danielle dos Santos Maia Salheb de , Cominetti Marcia Regina , Fernandes Maria José da Silva
Published: July 2021

Introdução. A epilepsia é considerada uma doença neurológica que afeta mais de 50 milhões de pessoas no mundo. É caracterizada pela manifestação de crises epilépticas que são eventos com atividade transitória, autolimitada, com sinais e sintomas definidos, podendo se expressar de variadas formas a depender da área de início no sistema nervoso central. Há estudos na literatura mostrando que o material particulado (MP) em suspensão na poluição do ar é uma ameaça a saúde, podendo afetar o cérebro além de outros órgãos, e causar alterações moleculares e bioquímicas que promovem a piora de crises epilépticas. Objetivo.  Apresentar as principais evidências reportadas na literatura sobre os riscos da poluição do ar para a saúde, como afeta o sistema nervoso central, e possíveis riscos para pessoas com epilepsia. Método. Revisão não sistemática empregando as palavras-chaves “Poluição do ar”, “material particulado”, “Epilepsia” e “Doença neurodegenerativa”. Resultados. Foram utilizados 24 manuscritos científicos, em inglês e português, para a confecção deste artigo. Conclusão. A poluição do ar representa um fator de risco para o aumento de crises em pacientes com epilepsia pelo fato de ativar mecanismos que modulam a excitabilidade neuronal (neuroinflamação) levando a uma piora na expressão das crises.
Computer Programming and Basic Education
Authors: Malan Jaco
Published: July 2021

In our world today, many basic skills are taught to the youth-skills such as mathematics, physical sciences and language, just to name a few. In this paper, I will explore a few reasons why computer programming should be added to this list.
Prospects of using non- in winemaking
Authors: Пескова И.В.
Published: July 2021

Изменение климата приводит к повышению содержания сахара в виноградном сусле, снижению концентрации органических кислот, прекурсоров ароматобразующих веществ и т.д. и, как следствие, к повышение содержания алкоголя, нарушению баланса вкуса и искажению аромата вина и другие проблемы. Технологические подходы, предлагаемые для их решения, хотя и позволяют достичь цели, но часто негативно влияют на качество вина. Перспективной альтернативой является использование микроорганизмов, не относящихся к Saccharomyces , продукты метаболизма которых - глицерин, кислоты, маннопротеины, полисахариды и др. - оказывают влияние на органолептические характеристики вина. Так, использование дрожжей Candida spp., Metschnikowia spp., Lachancea spp. способствует снижению содержания этанола в винах на 1,5-2,0% об. Hansensiaspora spp., Pichia spp., Starmerella spp., Torulaspora spp. и др. отличаются высокой способностью к синтезу глицерина и полисахаридов. Использования консорциума дрожжей Saccharomyces и не- Saccharomyces для брожения сусла приводит к усилению ароматических и вкусовых характеристик вин. Отмечено, что среди не сахаромицетов присутствуют организмы, синтезирующие малые количества уксусной кислоты и ацетальдегида, что благоприятно влияет на качество получаемых вин. Настоящая работа является результатом систематизации информации, касающейся некоторых аспектов использования дрожжей несахаромицетов в винодельческой промышленности, их влияния на химический состав вин.

Climate change leads to an increase in the sugar content of grape must, a decrease in the concentration of organic acids, precursors of aroma-producing substances, etc. and, as a consequence, to an increase in the alcohol content, flavor imbalance and distortion of wine aroma and other problems. Even though technological approaches proposed for solution allow to achieve the goal, they often negatively affect the quality of wine. A promising alternative is using of non- Saccharomyces microorganisms with their metabolic products - glycerin, acids, mannoproteins, polysaccharides, etc. affecting the organoleptic characteristics of wine. So, using of yeast Candida spp., Metschnikowia spp., Lachancea spp. helps to reduce ethanol content in wines by 1.5-2.0% by volume. Hansensiaspora spp., Pichia spp., Starmerella spp., Torulaspora spp. and others are distinguished by a high ability to synthesize glycerin and polysaccharides. Using of yeast consortium of Saccharomyces and non- Saccharomyces for must fermentation leads to an increase in the aroma and flavor characteristics of wines. It was noted that among the non-saccharomycetes there are organisms that synthesize small amounts of acetic acid and acetaldehyde, favorably affecting the quality of wines obtained. This work is the result of information systematization concerning some aspects of using non-Saccharomyces in winemaking industry, their effect on the chemical composition of wines.
ACALASIA Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL CÁNCER ESOFÁGICO
Authors: Csendes Juhasz Attila , Toro Pérez Javier Ignacio , Lanzarini Sobrevía Enrique , Figueroa-Giralt Manuel
Published: July 2021

La acalasia es un trastorno motor primario de la musculatura lisa esofágica que se caracteriza por disfagia, pseudoregurgitación y baja de peso. El tratamiento puede ser endoscópico o quirúrgico. Los resultados a largo plazo sólo se conocen de la cirugía, mientras que los endoscópicos tienen aún un seguimiento muy corto y no permiten sacar conclusiones valederas. La acalasia es una lesión que tiene una probabilidad significativamente mayor de desarrollar un cáncer esofágico, ya sea de tipo epidermoide, por inflamación crónica y retención de comida en el esófago, o un adenocarcinoma, secundario a reflujo gastroesofágico, que aparece posterior a cualquier tratamiento. Las publicaciones muestran que alrededor de 3 a 4% de los pacientes presentan a largo plazo, sobre 10 a 15 años post tratamiento, el desarrollo de un cáncer avanzado del esófago. Se concluye que es indispensable un seguimiento clínico y endoscópico en forma rutinaria a estos pacientes.
Cierre progresivo de heridas en pacientes con pié diabético.
Authors: Calderón Wilfredo , Subiabre Rodrigo , Obaid Miguel , Camacho Martino Juan Pablo , Lombardi Juan José , Guler Kenneth , Marré Diego
Published: July 2021

Introducción: Los pacientes diabéticos insulino requirientes con heridas del pié ,producto de amputaciones con exposición de huesos,cartílagos ó tendones ,son de difícil manejo por el déficit de irrigación distal. Alternativa de  tratamiento a los colgajos pediculados ó microquirúrgicos,  es el cierre progresivo de las heridas .Material y método:Con esta técnica se operó a 15 pacientes diabéticos insulino requirientes que, después de amputación,  presentaron heridas del pié con exposición de huesos ,cartílagos y tendones.Lesiones de talón:4,lesiones de antepié:5 y lesiones plantares :6. Las edades fluctuaron entre 45 y 70 años .Fueron 11 hombres y 4 mujeres operados entre 2014 y 2019.En ambos bordes de la herida se instaló dos placas de Ventrofil® unidas por sutura en U transversa y se tensó cada 3 días hasta obtener cicatrización.Resultados:14 pacientes obtuvieron cicatrización en un plazo de entre 15 y 21 días y sólo uno  presentó sufrimiento de los bordes de la herida por afrontamiento muy seguido. El seguimiento fue de tres meses sin recidiva de las heridas. Discusión:En pacientes diabéticos las heridas, producto de amputaciones y con exposición de huesos, cartílagos y tendones, son de muy difícil tratamiento debido  el déficit de irrigación distal . En estas condiciones el uso de complejos colgajos locales ó microquirúrgicos es de alto  riesgo dada la posibilidad de necrosis. En esta situación,  el cierre progresivo con sutura de Ventrofil® es una alternativa viable, segura, reproducible y con buenos resultados.Conclusión:Es un procedimiento rápido,seguro y reproducible .