bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximal Strength, Muscle Activation, and Bar Velocity Comparisons Between Squatting With a Traditional or Safety Squat Bar
Authors: Vantrease William C. , Townsend Jeremy R. , Sapp Philip A. , Henry Ruth N. , Johnson Kent D.
Published: February 2020

Vantrease, WC, Townsend, JR, Sapp, PA, Henry, RN, and Johnson, KD. Maximal strength, muscle activation, and bar velocity comparisons between squatting with a traditional or safety squat bar. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S1–S5, 2021—The purpose of this study was to compare strength, muscle activation, and bar velocity between the traditional (TRAD) and safety squat bar (SSB) back squat. Thirty-two men (21.94 ± 3.1 years, 1.78 ± 0.8 m, 81.7 ± 10.1 kg) volunteered to complete this randomized, crossover-design study. Subjects completed 2 separate 1 repetition maximum (1RM) sessions using either the TRAD or SSB. Subsequently, subjects completed 1 session of 3 repetitions at 65 and 85% of their 1RM for each squat condition (SSB & TRAD). Peak muscle activation of 7 muscles from the lower body and trunk was recorded through surface electromyography (EMG), and mean velocity (MV) was recorded by a linear transducer. Electromyography and MV were analyzed by a 2 × 2 (bar × load) repeated-measures analysis of variance. A Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship of 1RM load between bars. Squat 1RM was significantly higher (p < 0.001; 11.6%) for TRAD (144.7 kg) compared with SSB (128.8 kg), and a strong correlation (r = 0.94) was observed between 1RM values of each bar. A significant main effect was seen in EMG (p < 0.001) and MV for load (p < 0.001). No significant bar × load interaction was observed between conditions for any EMG or bar velocity measure (p > 0.05). The SSB produces similar muscle activation and bar velocities compared with the TRAD at relative intensities. However, absolute loads should be adjusted when changing squat bars during a training cycle.
WALDEN, DESOBEDIÊNCIA CIVIL NO BRASIL E CAPITÃO FANTÁSTICO: UMA ANÁLISE CONCEITUAL, FÍLMICA E TEXTUAL
Authors: Kussler Leonardo Marques , Leeuven Leonardo Guilherme Van
Published: February 2020

A atualidade de Walden e do conceito de desobediência civil como forma de luta contra um sistema sociopolítico e legal, cujas leis não mais operam e refletem direitos e garantias sociais, mostra-se nas manifestações sociais de grandes massas descontentes com a atual gestão política no Brasil. Na primeira seção deste artigo, abordaremos alguns elementos de Walden, de Thoreau, presentes na postura dos personagens de Capitão Fantástico, filme inspirado na referida obra, relacionando conceitos da Filosofia e da Sociologia. Já na segunda seção, argumentaremos sobre o que é e como a desobediência civil pode ser útil no que diz respeito ao questionamento sobre a representatividade sociopolítica brasileira, a partir de elementos de Arendt e Rawls, pois ressalta a insuficiência democrática e de garantia de direitos básicos mínimos. Por fim, esperamos construir pontes conceituais entre a Filosofia e a Sociologia, dialogando com textos e cinema, esclarecendo diferentes facetas da teoria e da prática da desobediência civil.
Apresentação
Authors: Rodrigues Marcio Silva , Barcelos Márcio , Tavares Larissa Ferreira
Published: February 2020

A ideia de empresa tornou-se, ao longo do século XX, um modelo de referência (SOLÉ, 2008) não apenas no setor privado, mas também no setor público. Considerada símbolo de eficiência econômica, a gestão empresarial se converte em sistema normativo que se intensifica com a expansão do neoliberalismo nas últimas décadas do século XX e no início do século XXI (FOUCAULT, 2008). O avanço e predomínio da empresa se manifesta não apenas a partir da incorporação das características, da linguagem, das técnicas e dos métodos empresariais por indivíduos e/ou organizações não necessariamente econômicas, mas também como um poder transversal que contribui para redefinir as mais diversas formas de sociabilidade no mundo contemporâneo. Este processo que não apenas constitui, mas amplia o processo de generalização da ideia de empresa, tem afetado tanto os welfare states consolidados nos países centrais do capitalismo quanto os incipientes sistemas de proteção social nos países periféricos. De fato, não são poucas as manifestações de alinhamento dos governos com premissas empresariais, desde o discurso pró privatização, passando pela disseminação de práticas gerenciais próprias de empresas, ao estímulo a parcerias público-privadas e ao empreendedorismo. Subjacente a esse processo, direitos sociais e de cidadania constitucionalmente garantidos passam a ser vistos como produtos e serviços regidos pela lógica da empresa.A análise e discussão sobre o impacto da lógica empresarial na formulação, gestão e entrega de políticas sociais coloca-se, portanto, como agenda de pesquisa relevante para a Sociologia.
A EMERGÊNCIA DOS CONDENADOS DA TERRA NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Soto William Héctor Gómez , Adams Sandro
Published: February 2020

Resenha do livro: ZIBECHI, Raúl. Los desbordes desde abajo: 1968 en América Latina. Montevidéu: Ediciones desde abajo, 2018.
A “PEC DO TETO” COMO REAFIRMAÇÃO DA AUTOCRACIA BURGUESA NO BRASIL
Authors: Maier Friedrich Maier
Published: February 2020

A Emenda Constitucional nº 95 estabeleceu um teto máximo de gastos ao Estado brasileiro pelos próximos vinte anos (uma revisão da lei acontecerá em dez anos). Aprovada num contexto historicamente marcado pela deficiência estatal nos principais serviços públicos (educação e saúde) a lei pode parecer paradoxal, dada a clara restrição orçamentária imposta. O presente trabalho desfaz essa visão preliminar, demonstrando como esse fato, inserido no processo histórico de desenvolvimento da sociedade brasileira, pode ser visto como mais um expediente da autocracia burguesa que aqui se desenvolve. Perpassando as raízes dessa autocracia, sua forma violenta e seu panorama institucional legalizado, o texto se foca no processo de aprovação da emenda, recuperando as características de violência e autocracia do parlamento, marcas do colonial-bonapartismo brasileiro.
Interferon-β Plays a Detrimental Role in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury by Enhancing Neuroinflammation That Drives Chronic Neurodegeneration
Authors: Barrett James P. , Henry Rebecca J. , Shirey Kari Ann , Doran Sarah J. , Makarevich Oleg D. , Ritzel Rodney M. , Meadows Victoria A. , Vogel Stefanie N. , Faden Alan I. , Stoica Bogdan A. , Loane David J.
Published: February 2020

DNA damage and type I interferons (IFNs) contribute to inflammatory responses after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI-induced activation of microglia and peripherally-derived inflammatory macrophages may lead to tissue damage and neurological deficits. Here, we investigated the role of IFN-β in secondary injury after TBI using a controlled cortical impact model in adult male IFN-β-deficient (IFN-β−/−) mice and assessed post-traumatic neuroinflammatory responses, neuropathology, and long-term functional recovery. TBI increased expression of DNA sensors cyclic GMP-AMP synthase and stimulator of interferon genes in wild-type (WT) mice. IFN-β and other IFN-related and neuroinflammatory genes were also upregulated early and persistently after TBI. TBI increased expression of proinflammatory mediators in the cortex and hippocampus of WT mice, whereas levels were mitigated in IFN-β−/−mice. Moreover, long-term microglia activation, motor, and cognitive function impairments were decreased in IFN-β−/−TBI mice compared with their injured WT counterparts; improved neurological recovery was associated with reduced lesion volume and hippocampal neurodegeneration in IFN-β−/−mice. Continuous central administration of a neutralizing antibody to the IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR) for 3 d, beginning 30 min post-injury, reversed early cognitive impairments in TBI mice and led to transient improvements in motor function. However, anti-IFNAR treatment did not improve long-term functional recovery or decrease TBI neuropathology at 28 d post-injury. In summary, TBI induces a robust neuroinflammatory response that is associated with increased expression of IFN-β and other IFN-related genes. Inhibition of IFN-β reduces post-traumatic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, resulting in improved neurological recovery. Thus, IFN-β may be a potential therapeutic target for TBI.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTBI frequently causes long-term neurological and psychiatric changes in head injury patients. TBI-induced secondary injury processes including persistent neuroinflammation evolve over time and can contribute to chronic neurological impairments. The present study demonstrates that TBI is followed by robust activation of type I IFN pathways, which have been implicated in microglial-associated neuroinflammation and chronic neurodegeneration. We examined the effects of genetic or pharmacological inhibition of IFN-β, a key component of type I IFN mechanisms to address its role in TBI pathophysiology. Inhibition of IFN-β signaling resulted in reduced neuroinflammation, attenuated neurobehavioral deficits, and limited tissue loss long after TBI. These preclinical findings suggest that IFN-β may be a potential therapeutic target for TBI.
НАУКОВІ ПРІОРИТЕТИ ІСТОРИЧНОЇ ПАРАДИГМИ З ФІЗИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ І СПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ (за матеріалами дисертаційних робіт періоду (1939–1990 рр.))
Authors: Hryhoryshyna T. , Balatska L.
Published: February 2020

Мета. Визначення наукових пріоритетів історичної парадигми з фізичної культури і спорту України в контексті наукової спадщини дисертаційних робіт (1939–1990 рр.). Матеріал. Автореферати дисертаційних робіт з історії фізичної культури і спорту, які репрезентовано до прилюдного захисту протягом І-го (1939–1965 рр.) та ІІ-го (1966–1990 рр.) періодів. Методи: аналіз літератури і джерел; синтез та аналогія; системно-структурний аналіз; контент-аналіз; проблемно-хронологічний; крос-культурний. Результати. Загальний кількісний показник виконання дисертаційних робіт становить 232, з них 9 – докторські. Кількість досліджень, націлених на висвітлення історії фізкультурної освіти і спорту на теренах Української РСР (радянський період) складає 14 робіт та становить 6%. Змістові компоненти п’яти напрямів наукових досліджень з історії фізичної культури і спорту зумовлено політичними, ідеологічними й соціокультурними чинниками та методологію і загальними тенденціями розвитку радянської історичної науки. Констатовано науковий нігілізм щодо висвітлення питань з історії фізичної культури та спорту в дорадянський період українського та інших етносів, які мешкали на теренах, приєднаних до Української РСР в 1939, 1940 та 1945 рр. Зафіксовано недостатній ступінь розробки проблем з історії фізичної культури і спорту радянського періоду в Українській РСР. Висновок. Визначено наукові пріоритети історичної парадигми з фізичної культури і спорту України, які характеризуються політичною заангажованістю і тенденційністю та становлять певний етап формування системи наукових знань
АНАЛІЗ ДИНАМІКИ СФОРМОВАНОСТІ МОТИВАЦІЙНОГО КОМПОНЕНТУ ГОТОВНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ФІЗИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ ДО ОЛІМПІЙСЬКОЇ ОСВІТИ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ
Authors: Bodnar A. , Yurchyshyn Y. , Stasiuk I.
Published: February 2020

Мета: Проаналізувати динаміку сформованості мотиваційного компоненту готовності майбутніх учителів фізичної культури до олімпійської освіти на констатувальному етапі та після завершення формувального етапу педагогічного експерименту. Матеріал і методи: У дослідженні приймали участь 181 майбутніх учителів фізичної культури (88 студентів у складі експериментальних груп і 93 студенти контрольних груп). Для перевірки вірогідності відмінностей між рівнями готовності студентів експериментальних і контрольних груп нами використовувався критерій Пірсона (Х2) який застосовують у непараметричних (якісних) вимірюваннях. Отримані результати та висновки. Аналіз результатів педагогічного експерименту засвідчив, що за мотиваційним компонентом в експериментальній групі 93,2% студентів досягнули високого і середнього рівнів досліджуваної готовності проти 77,3% на початку експерименту в той час як у контрольній групі 87,1% студентів досягли високого і середнього рівнів проти 76,3% на початку експерименту.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РУХОВОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ЖІНОК
Authors: Ripak M. , Ripak I.
Published: February 2020

Результати анкетування дозволили з’ясувати ставлення дорослих жінок до спеціально організованої рухової активності, а також форми рухової активності, властиві для дорослих жінок у режимі дня. Мета: встановити місце рухової активності у режимі дня дорослих жінок. Матеріал і методи: аналіз науково-методичної літератури, анкетування, методи математичної статистики. В анкетуванні брали участь 1864 дорослі жінки, з них 1119 жінок проживають у містах і 745 – у сільській місцевості. З’ясовано, що для дорослих жінок властива здебільшого побутова рухова активність, натомість спеціально організованій руховій активності приділяється недостатньо уваги. Жінки сільської місцевості оцінили власний рівень рухової активності як високий та середній, міські жінки – як середній. Дорослі жінки надають перевагу побутовій руховій активності, яка займає більшу частину доби. Спеціально організована рухова активність у режимі дня дорослих жінок, які проживають у сільській місцевості посідають лише 9 рейтингове місце серед усіх видів занять у вільний час, а у міських жінок – 5 рейтингове місце
РОЗВИТОК ШВИДКІСНИХ І КООРДИНАЦІЙНИХ ЗДІБНОСТЕЙ СПОРТСМЕНІВ З ВЕЛОСИПЕДНОГО СПОРТУ ВМХ НА ЕТАПІ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ
Authors: Piontkovskyi Dmytro , Mytskan Bohdan , Mytskan Tetiana
Published: February 2020

Мета. Розробити та експериментально перевірити ефективність програми розвитку швидкісних і координаційних здібностей спортсменів велосипедного спорту ВМХ на етапі початкової підготовки. Методи. У ході дослідження було проведено педагогічний експеримент, який тривав протягом 3 років. На різних етапах експерименту прийняло участь 72 юних велосипедисти ВМХ, 36 з яких увійшли до контрольних груп (по 12 учасників у кожній), а 36 – до основних. Оцінка рівня розвитку швидкісних здібностей та абсолютних координаційних здібностей здійснювалася за допомогою рухових тестів (біг 30 м, човни- ковий біг 3х10 м). Збереження вертикальної стійкості тіла визначали за допомогою тесту Є.Я. Бондаревського. З метою акцентованого розвитку координаційних здібностей було застосовано комплекси неспецифічних для велоспорту ВМХ вправ, а саме стрибки на батуті. Мотиваційна складова велосипедистів-початківців ВМХ визначалася з використанням методик діагностики особистості на мотивацію до досягнення успіху та уникнення невдач за Т. Елерсом. Психологічний компонент програми двокомпонентного психофізичного впливу, базувався на використанні вербальних засобів психологічної підготовки спортсменів, використання методів психологічної мотивації до виконання неспецифічних вправ. Ре-зультати. Доведено, що показники розвитку досліджуваних фізичних здібностей учасників основних груп наприкінці річних макроциклів тренування під впливом реалізації авторської програми вірогідно зросли у порівнянні з аналогічними показниками контрольних груп. Водночас зріс рівень вертикальної стійкості тіла велосипедистів-початківців ВМХ основних груп і на останньому етапі дослідження перевищував нормативи середнього рівня, установлених для європейської популяції у віковій когорті 10-річних спортсменів. При цьому, виявлено статистично значущу різницю між середньо груповими результатами проходження змагальної дистанції 380 м учасниками основної та контрольної груп на користь юних спортсменів основних груп в усіх трьох річних макроциклах тренування. Висновок. Застосування в групах початкової підготовки спортсменів-велосипедистів BMX двокомпонентного психофізичного впливу на розвиток спеціальних фізичних якостей забезпечує інтенсивне удосконалення як швидкісних і координаційних здібностей, так і вертикальної стійкості, а також покращення результатів змагальної діяльності.Ключові слова: спортсмени-велосипедисти ВМХ, етап початкової підготовки, швидкісні і координаційні здібності, програм двокомпонентного психофізичного впливу.
АНАЛІЗ ПРАКТИЧНОГО ДОСВІДУ РОЗВИТКУ КООРДИНАЦІЙНИХ ЗДІБНОСТЕЙ У СПОРТСМЕНІВ-МАУНТИНБАЙКЕРІВ НА ЕТАПІ СПЕЦІАЛІЗОВАНОЇ БАЗОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ
Authors: Haponova Liudmyla
Published: February 2020

Мета – проаналізувати уявлення тренерів та спортсменів про розвиток координаційних здібностей на етапі спеціалізованої базової підготовки у маунтинбайку. Методи: аналіз науково-методичної літератури, анкетування спортсменів та тренерів з різним досвідом роботи. Результати. Визначено, що важливим компонентом координаційних здібностей є здатність оцінювати і регулювати просторові, часові, динамічні параметри рухів та спритність, розвитку яких потрібно приділяти найбільше уваги. Визначено місце координаційних здібностей у спортивній підготовці: на 10 балів їх вплив на результат у маунтинбайку оцінили 20% тренерів, на 9–26%. Висновок. У тренувальному процесі необхідно приділяти достатньо уваги розвитку координаційних здібностей та їх компонентів.Ключові слова: координаційні здібності, маунтинбайк, спритність.
CORRECTION AND PROPHYLACTIC TRENDS IN PHYSICAL TRAINING OF ADULTS
Authors: Vypasnyak Ihor , Ivanyshyn Iryna
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the work is on the basis of theoretical analysis and own experimental research, to scientifically substantiate, develop theoretical and methodological foundations of corrective-preventive technologies concept in physical training of adults with MSS functional disorders in order to improve their health-forming orientation. Methods. The analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature and Internet sources data were carried out with the purpose to establish work priority directions, determine problematic questions on prevention and correction of MSS functional disorders of adults in the process of physical traınıng. Sociological research methods (interview and questionnaire). Empirical research level (pedagogical observation, pedagogical physical fitness testing that is the determination of general endurancelevel, strength endurance of torso muscles, force endurance of upper extremities and backmuscles, spinal column flexibility, movements speed development, hip joints mobility and hamstrings elasticity, movements static body balance; pedagogical experiment). Biomedical methods (anthropometry – examination of adult persons was carried out by standard equipment according to the conventional and unified methods of V. Bunak in the modification of E. Martirosov, using the Pinnier index was determined the type of body structure; photography and posture analysis of students was done using the “Torso” program; visual screening of the posture biogeometric profile was carried out with the help of express control card. Results. During research there was developed the prevention and correction concept of musculoskeletal system functional disorders of adults in physical education process, distinctive features of which is the management methodology construction, taking into account the individual features of their’ posture biogeometric profile, including theoretical and practical components. The practical component included corrective and prophylactic technologies. Conclusions. For theoretical concept provisions realization, we have developed prevention and correction technologies of MSS functional disorders of adults in physical training process. The purpose of technology is justification and implementation of correctivepreventive measures aiming at correction of MSS functional disorders, students physique in physical training process taking into account their biogeometric profile level to improve its health-forming orientation.Keywords: adults, musculoskeletal system, posture functional disorders, correction, physical education.
РІВЕНЬ СТАНУ БІОГЕОМЕТРИЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ ПОСТАВИ СТУДЕНТІВ В ПРОЦЕСІ ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ
Authors: Kashuba Vitaliy , Asauliuk Inna
Published: February 2020

Інтенсифікація процесу навчання, психічне насичення та недостатній обсяг рухової активності обумовлює недостатній рівень фізичного стану студентського контингенту загалом та слабкість м’язового корсету зокрема. У той же час робоча діяльність студентів спеціальності “Музичне мистецтво” характеризується малозручною робочою позою, яка провокує тривале напруження м’язового корсету та, відповідно, ряд порушень постави. В процесі дослідження виявлено особливості стану біогеометричного профілю постави студентів дівчат І–IV курсів мистецьких спеціальностей, наступних спеціалізацій: акторське мистецтво, кіно фотозйомка, теорія музики; вокал, хорове диригування; оркестрові духові та ударні інструменти, народні інструменти; фортепіано, оркестрові, струнні інструменти; хореографія. Встановлено, що залежно від курсу навчання рівень стану біогеометричного профілю постави дівчат має певні особливості. Найвищий процент осіб із низьким рівнем стану біогеометричного профілю постави у дівчат спеціалізації “Фортепіано, оркестрові, струнніінструменти”. Отримані результати являлись підґрунтям для розробки коррекційної технології із використанням сучасних фізкультурно-оздоровчих технологій та урахуванням стану біогеометричного профілю постави студентів освітніх закладів культури та мистецтв.Ключові слова: візуальний скринінг, біогеометричний профіль постави, мистецькі спеціальності, фізичне виховання, студенти.
Regional Cultural Understanding in Teacher Education in Latvia, Lithuania, Norway: Comparative Case Analysis
Authors: Siliņa-Jasjukeviča Gunta , Briška Ilze , Juškevičienė Agnė
Published: February 2020

The unique cultural space of each country is comprised of the cultural diversity of its regions with the cultural heritage hidden in the outskirts and border areas of the country. The regional traditions make up an important source of value and knowledge for ensuring cultural sustainability. In teacher education this problem can be treated either in a transmissive or transformative way. It can be seen as performing particular rituals and respecting norms, or cultural values that are personally experienced and highly evaluated, as one’s internally motivated involvement in exploration, cultivation, cooperation and creativity in own community without losing the national and global context.The aim of the study is to investigate the tendencies in teacher education for promoting primary school students’ regional cultural understanding in teaching practice.To pursue the set aim, the concept of regional cultural understanding (RCU) was analysed, the ways of introducing regional cultural understanding in teacher education curriculum including the factors facilitating or hindering the development of regional cultural understanding in teacher education were identified.The comparative case analysis of good practice examples in three countries was carried out to show regularities, differences and similarities of possible pedagogical approaches.Methods: content analysis of educational documents and semi-structured interviews with teacher educators.Sample: teacher education institutions in three countries: Latvia, Lithuania and Norway.Results: structured suggestions for content of the studies and pedagogical approaches for development of preservice teachers’ readiness to realize regional cultural understanding in their teaching practice.
The Synergy Between a Dynamic Educational Environment of a Pre-School Educational Institution and the Physical Activity of Children
Authors: Strazdienė Neringa , Burkė Aistė
Published: February 2020

Movement is crucial at a pre-school age: it enables a child to gain experience, develop normally, grow up healthy, shape their own movement and health habits that in most cases continue throughout their lives. In recent years the tendencies of deterioration in health in pre-school children have been observed, and they are associated with insufficient physical activity (hereinafter PA). The synergy between an educational environment of a pre-school educational institution and PA of children sets up conditions for a co-effect of both factors on a child’s personality, maturity and health which is greater and more prominent than the effect of these factors acting separately. The aim of the research is to highlight aspects of the synergy between a dynamic educational environment of a pre-school educational institution and the PA of children and to disclose the main features of  the dynamic educational environment. The article based on the analysis of scientific literature and documents defines the concept of a dynamic educational environment, which is treated as a space where synergistic interaction between architectural and educational dimensions promotes the activities of children and their PA enhancing the health of children and having a consistent effect on a personal maturity. The architectural dimension consists of the following elements: the function and the concept of an object (interior, exterior, landscape), architectural artistic–material expression, planned and spatial solutions, visual and functional relations, contextuality, construction solutions, etc. The educational dimension consists of the following elements: the objective of education, its content, educational methods, forms, means, relationship between a teacher and a learner, psychological atmosphere, etc. The educational process can be easily constructed in a dynamic educational environment to achieve the integrity of activities in different areas of educational achievements: protection and enhancement of health, social, cognitive, communication, artistic, etc.The analysis of examples of foreign architecture of pre-school institutions and scientific insights highlighted the features of a dynamic education environment: specific to a child’s age, flexible, dynamic, open, mobile and functional, sustainable and material, containing obstacles and secure, cosy and playful. The architectural concept and its elements of a dynamic educational environment should promote the natural movement of children even when no educational PA means are applied.
About STEM from the Perspective of STS
Authors: Poviliūnas Arūnas
Published: February 2020

The movement of STEM has become the synonym for the renewal of science education. Nevertheless, the movement of STEM is not unambiguous. The article discusses two contradicting interpretations of STEM. The first one descends from the Weltanschauung of Modernity, the second one – from the critics of Modernity. According to the former, STEM education deals with the purification and integration of the disciplines of science education and answers the needs of the high-tech labour market. The latter one emphasizes the syncretic and anthropological character of the ecological mind and the changing patterns of consumption and production in favour of sustainable development. This version of STEM is closely related to the development of STS, which paves the way from purification and integration to the translation and human and non-human networking (ANT). The article searches for the answer to the question of how to deal with the confronting STEM versions in the process of the renewal of science education.
Dietrich von Hildebrand’s Criticism of Amoral Sex Education
Authors: Puolimatka Tapio
Published: February 2020

This article analyzes Dietrich von Hildebrand’s criticism of amoral sex education, which he regards as misleading and anti-educational in many crucial respects. Its content is misleading, because it separates human sexuality from its inherent connection with married love and thereby fails to do justice to the personal and intimate nature of sexuality. Its reductive and neutralizing approach not only fails to develop young people’s capacity for the transcendence implicit in moral agency, it also fails to provide the preconditions for the development of their autheantic subjectivity. Instead of fostering objectivity, critical thinking and autonomy, amoral sex education promotes a normatively closed educational environment that fails to unfold young people’s potential for value-response and to contribute to the fulfilling of their human potential in general.
Numerical complex analysis method for solving identification problems with using applied quasipotential tomographic data
Authors: Bomba Andriy , Boichura Mykhailo
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the problem of identification parameters of a piecewise homogeneous medium with using the applied quasipotential tomographic data when the data about the conductivity coefficient is incomplete. The method of image reconstruction, according to which solving of the analysis problem is reduced to the using numerical quasiconformal mappings methods and the synthesis problem is reduced to the solution the parametric identification problem when all possible variants of the conductivity distribution is considered. The reconstructed image of the conductivity distribution inside the investigated object on the basis of performed numerical calculations is constructed. The received results were analyzed. The proposed approach to reconstruction slightly increases the total number of iterations in some cases, but significantly simplifies the intermediate iterative problems solving.
Fundamental approaches in mathematical modeling of drying processes of capillary-porous and dispersed materials
Authors: Hayvas Bogdana
Published: February 2020

A review of main approaches to the mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer in the process of drying of capillary-porous and disperse materials is presented. The peculiarities of the models construction from the point of view of the mechanics of a continuous medium, the theory of mixtures, statistical approaches and with taking into account the fractal structure are considered, which allows one to expand the many implementations of models, to take into account the anisotropy of thermo-mechanical characteristics, elastic and visco-elastic properties, etc.
Effect of compressible liquid on the contact between an elastic body and a rigid base with a periodic array of quasielliptic grooves
Authors: Kozachok Oleg
Published: February 2020

The frictionless contact between an elastic body and a rigid base in the presence of a periodically arranged quasielliptic grooves with in interface gaps in the presence of a compressible liquid is modeled. The contact problem formulated for the elastic half-space is reduced to a singular integral equation (SIE) with Hilbert kernel for a derivative of a height of the interface gaps, which is transformed to a SIE with Cauchy kernel that is solved analytically, and a transcendental equation for liquid’s pressure, which has been obtained from the equation of compressible barotropic liquid state. The dependences of the pressure of the liquid, shape of the gaps, average normal displacement and contact compliance of the bodies on the applied load and bulk modulus of the liquid are analysed.
Mathematical models for leak identification in long-distance gas pipeline. Stationary operational mode
Authors: Chekurin Vasyl , Khymko Olga
Published: February 2020

Direct and inverse problems for leak identification in long distance gas pipelines in stationary operational modes on the base of data obtained by pressure monitoring in pipeline’s inlet, outlet and in several intermediate check points have been formulated. Algorithms for solving of the formulated problems have been developed and their numerical study has been done. On this basis methods for leak detecting, its intensity and location determination with the use of the data of pressure monitoring have been suggested. Quantitative evaluation of precisions of the proposed methods has been conducted.
Constructing and researching quasispectral orthogonal polynomials on the basis of Lagerr polynomials
Authors: Pyanylo Yaroslav , Sobko Valentina
Published: February 2020

An orthogonal system of polynomials is constructed in the basis of Lagerra polynomials, and the problem of approximation of a function in the constructed orthogonal basis is considered. During the computational experiment, the influence of various errors on the approximation was investigated on model problems.
Fever After Influenza, Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis, and Pneumococcal Vaccinations
Authors: Walter Emmanuel B. , Klein Nicola P. , Wodi A. Patricia , Rountree Wes , Todd Christopher A. , Wiesner Amy , Duffy Jonathan , Marquez Paige L. , Broder Karen R.
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND:

Administering inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), and diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine together has been associated with increased risk for febrile seizure after vaccination. We assessed the effect of administering IIV at a separate visit from PCV13 and DTaP on postvaccination fever.

METHODS:

In 2017–2018, children aged 12 to 16 months were randomly assigned to receive study vaccines simultaneously or sequentially. They had 2 study visits 2 weeks apart; nonstudy vaccines were permitted at visit 1. The simultaneous group received PCV13, DTaP, and quadrivalent IIV (IIV4) at visit 1 and no vaccines at visit 2. The sequential group received PCV13 and DTaP at visit 1 and IIV4 at visit 2. Participants were monitored for fever (≥38°C) and antipyretic use during the 8 days after visits.

RESULTS:

There were 110 children randomly assigned to the simultaneous group and 111 children to the sequential group; 90% received ≥1 nonstudy vaccine at visit 1. Similar proportions of children experienced fever on days 1 to 2 after visits 1 and 2 combined (simultaneous [8.1%] versus sequential [9.3%]; adjusted relative risk = 0.87 [95% confidence interval 0.36–2.10]). During days 1 to 2 after visit 1, more children in the simultaneous group received antipyretics (37.4% vs 22.4%; P = .020).

CONCLUSIONS:

In our study, delaying IIV4 administration by 2 weeks in children receiving DTaP and PCV13 did not reduce fever occurrence after vaccination. Reevaluating this strategy to prevent fever using an IIV4 with a different composition in a future influenza season may be considered.
HISTÓRIA: A POLISSEMIA DE UMA PALAVRA:
Authors: Pereira das Neves Guilherme
Published: February 2020

O artigo aborda, inicialmente, de forma sucinta, diversos paradigmas da prática historiográfica, desde os gregos até um passado mais recente. Passa, depois, a concentrar-se na análise dos dois paradigmas atualmente dominantes: a “história-narração” e a “história-problema”. Por fim, há uma apreciação crítica destes dois paradigmas, sugerindo-se que, do debate entre ambos, podem resultar benefícios para a pesquisa histórica contemporânea.
Fatores que dificultam e favorecem Práticas inovadoras no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência no Ceará
Authors: Santos Maria Adriana Borges dos , Forte Vanessa Carvalho , Nóbrega-Therrien Silvia Maria , Ferreira Heraldo Simões
Published: February 2020

O objetivo é analisar fatores que favorecem e dificultam Práticas inovadoras na formação do professor supervisor no Programa Pibid no Ceará. A pesquisa caracteriza-se com enfoque qualitativo de natureza exploratória, compreendida entre 2012 a 2016. Contamos com a participação de 30 professores supervisores, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada para coletar os dados. Com os resultados constatamos que: as Práticas inovadoras são diversificadas e flexíveis indicando redirecionamento da forma de ensino. No entanto, a falta de infraestrutura e de materiais dificulta a ocorrência de Práticas inovadoras; em contra partida, a formação ocasionada pela experiência no Pibid é destacada como principal elemento que favorece as Práticas inovadoras. Portanto, o Programa apresenta-se como proposta inovadora para os professores supervisores promovendo melhorias no contexto escolar e na formação continuada dos mesmos. Sugerimos que este Programa seja uma política permanente, mantendo o elo entre a universidade e a escola, favorecendo a formação dos professores.
ÇİN’İN KÜRESELLEŞME İÇİNDE ROLÜ: YENİ BİR HEGEMON MU?
Authors: ŞİŞMAN Deniz
Published: February 2020

Çin 1970’li yıllar ile başlayan dışa açılma politika uygulamaları ile giderek güçlenen bir küresel aktör rolünü üslenmektedir. Bu süreçte üretim, ticaret, inovasyon, enerji kullanımı ve ulusötesi sermaye konularında yaşadığı çarpıcı gelişmeler ve ortalama en hızlı büyüyen ülke olmanın getirdiği avantajlar neticesinde Çin’in küreselleşmede mevcut hegemonyayı ele geçirmek gibi bir niyetinin ve gücünün olup olmadığı konusu, bu makalenin ana sorusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle makalede Çin’in işçi maliyetleri ile ortaya çıkan avantajlarının ve ülkedeki büyümenin, Lewis Dönüm Noktası (LTP) ve Orta Gelir Tuzağı kavramsal çerçevesiyle sorgulanması, özellikle küresel kriz sonrası oluşan koşullar gözönünde bulundurularak yapılmaktadır. Çalışmada, Çin’de Orta Gelir Tuzağının aşılması yolunda toplam faktör verimliliğinin arttırılması ve diğer önlemlerin yanısıra küresel kriz ve ABD-Çin Ticaret Savaşlarının Çin ekonomisine etkileri sorgulanmıştır.

Jel Kodları: B27, F23, F43, F63, G38, J61, N35
Dose Intensity of Chemotherapy for Childhood Cancers
Authors: Smith Malcolm , Abrams Jeffrey , Trimble Edward L. , Ungerleider Richard S.
Published: February 2020

Since the formulation of the “dose-intensity” concept of anticancer therapy in the mid-1980s, the concept that “more is better” has gained general acceptance among pediatric oncologists. However, recently published clinical trials results for adults with breast cancer, germ-cell tumors, and ovarian cancer raise questions about the value of dose intensification in improving outcome. Given the differences in sensitivity between pediatric and adult tumors to cytotoxic agents, the results from these adult trials suggest a need for caution but do not suggest that evaluations of dose intensity for pediatric tumors are unwarranted (especially for a tumor such as Ewing's sarcoma, which is especially sensitive to alkylating agents).

Since dose-intensive therapies have significant short- and long-term costs for the patient, it is important to obtain reliable data concerning possible benefits of this strategy. Toward this end, NCI-sponsored randomized clinical trials evaluating the role of dose intensification have been initiated for several tumors of children (including neuroblastoma, germ-cell tumors, Ewing's sarcoma, and brain tumors in infants). These trials should be completed and reported in the next two to three years, and they may make unique contributions in defining the benefits and limitations of dose intensity as a cancer treatment strategy.

In the long term, however, the utility of dose intensification is limited for children with cancer because of the inherent toxicities associated with its application. Identification of agents that more specifically target tumor cells is essential. Fortunately, pediatric tumor cells do have unique biological characteristics that may be susceptible to targeting for therapeutic benefit.
Lung Cancer Highlights
Authors: Lynch Thomas J.
Published: February 2020

Have we made any progress in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over the past 15 years? After hearing the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 1594 presented by Dr. Joan Schiller at the plenary session of the 36th Annual Meeting of ASCO, it is hard to be certain. Schiller reported the results of one of the world's largest randomized trials in metastatic lung cancer comparing four platinum-based doublets. There were no differences in survival (primary endpoint) or response between these four regimens, although the cisplatin/gemcitabine arm had a superior time to progression. In her commentary on this study, Dr. Francis Shepherd concluded that progress in the treatment of metastatic lung cancer has occurred at “a snail's pace.”

Despite the disappointing results of ECOG 1594, there were notable trials describing new agents with novel mechanisms of action reported at this year's ASCO meeting. In small-cell lung cancer, the combination of cisplatin/ irinotecan was found to be superior to cisplatin/etoposide. For NSCLC, novel agents Iressa anti-epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody appear promising.
Combination Versus Sequential Single-Agent Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Miles David , Minckwitz Gunter , Seidman Andrew D.
Published: February 2020

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to:

Describe the current and evolving role of combination therapy in the management of the breast cancer patient with advanced (metastatic) disease. Appreciate the principles of combination treatment design for breast cancer management. Describe those combination treatment regimens, which are designed rationally. Explain the current status of combination or sequential treatment in the management of advanced breast cancer and how clinicians might select options based on patient characteristics.

Access and take the CME test online and receive one hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

The optimal treatment approach in metastatic breast cancer is controversial. Until recently, the arguments for administering antitumor agents sequentially in the metastatic setting have traditionally outweighed those for administering agents in combination. Older, often empirically designed drug combinations were no more effective and often more toxic than monotherapy, compromising quality of life for little or no clinical benefit. However, more recent studies show that combination and sequential therapy both have their place in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, with the heterogeneity of breast cancer demanding flexibility in approach. Newer drug combinations, such as paclitaxel/trastuzumab or capecitabine/docetaxel, show survival advantages over single-agent therapy and have manageable safety profiles. Such combination treatments may be preferable to sequential therapy for patients requiring urgent reduction in their tumor burden. Sequential therapy allows the optimal delivery of single-drug therapy and potentially reduces the risk of toxicity, which may improve quality of life. Sequential therapy may be especially appropriate in frail or elderly patients, who may be unable to tolerate the toxicity of combination therapy, or in patients with slowly growing tumors. This article expands on these issues by reviewing trials comparing combination regimens with sequential approaches.
Cost of Neuroimaging of Patients with Vertigo in Emergency Department
Authors: KABLAN Ali , KARAMAN Serhat , BAŞOL Nurşah
Published: February 2020

Background and Aim: The fact that many diseases cause symptoms of vertigo and that some of them are life-threatening make it difficult to manage vertigo in emergency departments (ED). Parallel to these difficulties, the number of neuroimaging use in diagnosis is increasing. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the neuroimaging costs of patients with vertigo in ED.
Methods: The study was carried out with a retrospective review of the files of the patients with vertigo who were admitted to ED between 01.01.2013 and 31.12.2013. Patients were classified into 6 groups; central, peripheral, cardiac and blood pressure-induced, induced by internal causes, psychogenic, and vertigo related to other causes. Costs and the total cost of these groups were determined and the ratios were analyzed statistically.
Results: Of the 381 patients; 31 (8.1%) patients were seen to be in the central, 175 (45.9%) in the peripheral vertigo. 72 of patients were seen to have been examined with computerized tomography (CT) and 35 with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neuroimaging was observed to have been implemented mostly on the central induced group. The highest neuroimaging cost was in the peripheral vertigo group. However, when the cost per patient was calculated, the group with the lowest cost of each patient was the peripheral vertigo group.
Conclusion: This study is the first study in Turkey for the cost analysis patients with a complaint of vertigo in ED. Avoiding unnecessary costs, along with the algorithms to be developed, can be possible with good and accurate patient management in ED.
Kronik Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Sıvı Volüm Durumunun Değerlendirilmesinde Biyoelektriksel İmpedans Analizinin Yeri
Authors: SELVİ ÖZTORUN Hande , KENDİ ÇELEBİ Zeynep , KOÇAK Senem
Published: February 2020

Amaç: Kronik hemodiyaliz (HD) tedavisi altındaki hastalarda morbidite ve mortalitenin en önemli sebebi olan kardiyovasküler hastalık ve komplikasyonlarından kaçınmak için, optimal sıvı durumunun elde edilmesi kritik bir önem taşır. Biz çalışmamızda kronik HD hastalarında, biyoelektriksel impedans analizi’nin (BİA) sıvı durumunun değerlendirilmesinde klinik ve ekokardiyografik incelemelere ek bir katkısı olup olmadığını saptamayı amaçladık.
Gereç, Yöntem Ve Bulgular: Çalışma en az 3 aydır kronik HD tedavisi uygulanmakta olan 46 hasta ile yapıldı. Katılımcıların 0 ve 3. aylarda klinik ve biyokimyasal incelemelerine ek olarak, BİA, nabız dalga hızı (NDH), ekokardiyografik vena kava inferior çapı, 24 saatlik ambulatuvar kan basıncı takibi yapıldı. Hastaların ortalama BİA ile tespit edilen total vücut sıvısı 0. ay ve 3. ayda sırasıyla - 0,65±3,30 ve -0,30±1,49 litre olarak tespit edildi. İki ölçümün karşılaştırılması istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı (p:.141). Ekokardiyografik vena kava inferior çapları 0. ve 3. ayda sırası ile 13,3±3,02 ve 15,9±3,32 mm olarak bulundu. 3. aydaki vena kava inferior çapının başlangıçtakinden anlamlı olarak geniş olduğu görüldü. (p< .005). Başlangıç ve 3. Aydaki Kt/Vüre, hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler, ambulatuvar kan basıncı izlemi verileri ve NDH ölçümleri arasında da istatistiksel anlamlı fark saptanmadı.
Sonuç: Çalışma bulgularımız kronik HD hastalarında sıvı volüm durumunun değerlendirilmesinde HD seansı sonrasında yapılan BİA verilerinin klinik bulgulara bir üstünlüğü olmadığını göstermiştir. Bu hasta grubunda sıvı volüm durumunu belirleyecek ideal yöntemin bulunması için daha ileri çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.
Pediatri uzmanı ve asistanlarının astım tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçlar hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi.
Authors: ÇİÇEK Fatih
Published: February 2020

ÖZETAmaç
: Astım,
öksürük, hışıltı, nefes darlığı ve göğüste sıkışma hissi gibi tekrarlayıcı solunum
semptomları ile seyreden çocukluk çağının en sık rastlanan akut ve kronik
enflamatuar solunum yolu hastalığıdır.Genel pediatri uzmanlığında çocukluk çağı
astımı ve tedavisi konusunda yeterli bilgi düzeyi etkin kontrol için
gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, pediatristlerin çocukluk çağı astımında kullanılan
ilaçlar konusunda bilgi ve uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Materyal
ve Metod : Çalışmamıza 200 çocuk sağlığı ve
hastalıkları uzmanı veya asistan hekimi katıldı. Astım tedavisinde kullanılan
ilaçlar ilgili toplam 40 soruluk anket hekimlere uygulandı.Bulgular
: Uzman
hekimlerin ve hekimlik süresi 5 yıldan fazla olanların anket sorularına
verdikleri doğru cevap sayıları, asistan hekimlerin ve hekimlik süresi 5 yıldan
daha az olanların verdikleri doğru cevap sayısından anlamlı olarak daha
yüksekti (p: 0.001). Cinsiyetin teste doğru cevap verme açısından anlamlı bir
farklılık oluşturmadığı görüldü (p: 0,881).

Sonuç
: Astım
kılavuzları ve pratik yaklaşımda bir kısım farklılıklar olsa da çocuk
hekimlerinin çoğu yaklaşımları kılavuzlara uygunluk göstermektedir. Hekimlik
süresi ve uzman veya asistan olmak anlamlı olarak fark yaratmışken, cinsiyetin
anlamlı farklılık yaratmadığı görülmüştür. Ancak astımlı çocuklara daha etkin
ve standartize tedavi verilebilmesi için mezuniyet sonrası düzenli aralıklarla
eğitimin gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir.