bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-COVID aspergilloma ended up with lobectomy: a case report
Authors: Saha Debmalya , Mukherjee Kaushik , Mukherjee Siddhartha , Guha Amrita , Mukherjee Suranjan
Published: February 2022

A 45-year diabetic male with a history of COVID-19(April,2021) was referred to our Centre for recurrent hemoptysis with suspected aspergilloma in upper lobe of the left lung. He was being managed with antifungal medication along with panel of investigations for surgical planning. CT thorax image was suggestive of aspergilloma, but bronchoscopic biopsy revealed no fungal element. Fungal biomarkers were negative for aspergillosis. Then we planned for surgical resection of the lesion but ended up with upper lobectomy because of macroscopic involvement of the surrounding lung parenchyma. Final histopathology report of the surgical specimen came out to be invasive aspergillosis. The patient was discharged on postoperative day eight with uneventful postoperative period.
Small molecule screen employing patient-derived iPSC hepatocytes identifies LRRK2 as a novel therapeutic target for Alpha1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: Kent Deniz , Ng Soon Seng , Khoshkenar Payam , Syanda Adam , Li Chao Zheng , Zieger Marina , Hatch Stephanie , Segal Joe , Blackford Samuel , Le Kaixing , Chowdary Vivek , Ismaili Taylor , Danovi Davide , Lewis Patrick , Sahdeo Sunil , Ebner Daniel , Mueller Christian , Rashid S. Tamir
Published: February 2022

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) is a life-threatening condition caused by inheritance of the SERPINA1-Z genetic variant (PiZ) leading to protein misfolding and liver toxicity. There remain no approved medicines for this disease. Here we report the results of a small molecule screen performed in patient-derived iPSC hepatocytes that identified Leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2), as a potentially new therapeutic target. Genetic deletion of LRRK2 in PiZ mice reduced both intrahepatic misfolded polymers and fibrosis leading us to test a library of commercially available LRRK2 inhibitors across several cell models. One of these molecules, CZC-25146, a candidate with favourable pharmacokinetic properties, reduced polymer load, increased normal AAT secretion and reduced inflammatory cytokines in both cells and the PiZ mouse. Mechanistically, this effect was achieved via inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity and autophagy induction. These findings support the use of CZC-25146 (and potentially LRRK2 inhibitors more broadly) in hepatic proteinopathy disease research and as potential new therapies.
Implantable niche with local immunosuppression for islet allotransplantation achieves type 1 diabetes reversal.
Authors: Paez-Mayorga Jesus , Campa-Carranza Jocelyn , Capuani Simone , Hernandez Nathanael , Chua Ying , Pons-Faudoa Fernanda , Malgir Gulsah , Alvarez Bella , Niles Jean , Shelton Kathryn , Kezar Sarah , Nehete Pramod , Berman-Weinberg Dora , Li Xian , Ricordi Camillo , Nichols Joan , Gaber Ahmed , Kenyon Norma , Grattoni Alessandro
Published: February 2022

Pancreatic islet transplantation efficacy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) management is limited by hypoxia-related graft attrition and need for systemic immunosuppression. To overcome these challenges, we developed the Neovascularized Implantable Cell Homing and Encapsulation (NICHE) device, which integrates direct vascularization for facile mass transfer and localized immunosuppressant delivery for islet rejection prophylaxis. Here, we investigated NICHE efficacy for allogeneic islet transplantation and long-term diabetes reversal in an immunocompetent rat model. We demonstrated that polyamide is superior to resin for NICHE subQ integration and vascularization. We demonstrated allogeneic islets transplanted within pre-vascularized NICHE were engrafted, revascularized, and reverted diabetes in rats for over 150 days. Notably, we confirmed that localized immunosuppression prevented islet rejection without inducing toxicity or systemic immunosuppression. Moreover, for translatability efforts, we showed NICHE biocompatibility and feasibility of deployment, as well as short-term allogeneic islet engraftment in an MHC-mismatched nonhuman primate model. In sum, the NICHE is a safe and effective platform for islet transplantation and long-term T1D management.
Thyroid dysfunction induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors and tumor progression in neoadjuvant therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Xinyi , Wang Xun , Wang Shaodong , Liu Yanguo , Wang Ruilin , Liu Yi , Huang Lin , Feng Yufei , Xie Xiaohui , Shi Luwen
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) has shown promising value in resectable (stage I-IIIA) or potentially resectable (stage IIIB) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and tumor progression in neoadjuvant therapy are of great concern, which might result in surgical delay or failure to undergo resection. In addition, the association between the development of thyroid dysfunction and the cancer outcomes was controversial and highly concerned.Case presentationA 59-year-old male with NSCLC (squamous, IIIA) was received neoadjuvant immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy before surgery. However, ICIs-related thyroid dysfunction occurred, and the patient experienced transient hyperthyroidism then transformed into hypothyroidism. Moreover, the patient suffered from tumor progression and was unable to undergo resection. He refused immunotherapy and was given chemotherapy for the subsequent treatment.ConclusionsWe presented the case of ICIs-related thyroid dysfunction and failure to undergo resection because of poor efficacy to elucidate clinical features of irAEs and tumor progression in the neoadjuvant immunotherapy, so as to timely and properly monitor the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable NSCLC patients in clinical practice. Our case also demonstrated that the development of ICIs-related thyroid dysfunction might not predict the good efficacy of ICIs in NSCLC.
Simple and Improved Plasmonic Sensor Configuration Established on Mim Waveguide for Enhanced Sensing Performance
Authors: Butt Muhammad Ali , Khonina Svetlana Nikolaevna , Kazanskiy Nikolay Lvovich
Published: February 2022

Herein, two simple configurations of Fano resonance-based plasmonic sensors are proposed for temperature and biosensing applications. The device optimization and sensing performance are numerically investigated via two dimensional-finite element method (2D-FEM). The former configuration is quite simple and based on the side coupled circular cavity (SCCC) whereas in the latter the circular cavity is encapsulated in the ring separated by a small gap and is known as ring encapsulated circular cavity (RECC). For temperature sensing applications, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is utilized as a thermal sensing medium in the circular cavity. The numerical analysis has revealed that the temperature sensitivity (S) of SCCC and RECC configuration is ~ -0.58 nm/oC and -0.64 nm/oC, respectively. The figure of merit (FOM) is another important parameter to analyze the sensing performance which is around 8.6 and 1955.2 for SCCC and RECC configuration, respectively. The sensing capabilities of the biosensor designs are investigated by injecting dielectric materials of different refractive indices in the circular cavity ranges between 1.33 and 1.37. The S of the SCCC and RECC sensor configuration is around 1240 nm/RIU and 1350 nm/RIU, respectively with a FOM of 18.74 RIU-1 and 691 RIU-1. The RECC sensor configuration is considered to be straightforward with fewer fabrication complications and offers high sensing performance.
Introgression of the Low Phytic Acid Locus (lpa2) Into Elite Maize (Zea Mays L.) Inbreds Through Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding (MABB)
Authors: Yathish K.R. , Karjagi Chikkappa Gangadhar , Gangoliya Shivraj Singh , Kumar Arun , Preeti Preeti , Yadav Hemant Kumar , Srivast Shraddha , Kumar Santosh , Swmay HK M , Singh Alla , Phagna Ramesh Kumar , Das Abhijit Kumar , Sekhar Javaji Chandra , Hossain Firoz , Rakshit Sujay , Gadag Ravindra N
Published: February 2022

Phytic acid (PA) is an important antinutritional component in maize that affects the availability of major micro-nutrients like di- and multi-valent mineral cations like iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The long-term consumption of maize as a staple food crop leads to micronutrient malnutrition especially iron and zinc deficiency in the human population. In addition, it also acts as a storehouse of a major part of mineral phosphorous (P), approximately 80% of the total P stored as phytate P is not available to mono-gastric animals like humans and poultry birds, and it gets excreted as such leading to one of the major environmental pollution called eutrophication. Of the various low phytic acid (lpa) mutants, lpa2-2 generated through mutagenesis reduces PA by 30%. BML 6 and BML 45, the parents of the popular maize hybrid DHM 121 with high PA were selected to introgress lpa2-2 through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). The percent recurrent parental genome (RPG) in the selected BC2F2 plants ranged from 88.68 - 91.04% and 90.09 - 91.51% in the genetic background of BML 6 and BML 45, respectively. Based on the highest percentage of RPG, best five BC2F2 plants, viz., #3190, #3283, #3230, #3263 and #3292 with RPG 88.68 - 91.04% in the genetic background of BML 6 and #3720, #3776, #3717, #3828 and #3832 with RPG 90.09 - 91.51% in the genetic background of BML 45 were advanced to BC2F3. The newly developed near-isogenic lines (NILs) possessed low phytate content (2.37 mg/g in BML 6 and 2.40 mg/g in BML 45) compared to 3.59 mg/g and 3.16 mg/g in recurrent parents BML 6 and BML 45, respectively thereby reducing the phytate by an average of 34 and 24 per cent, respectively. These newly developed progenies were similar to their recurrent parents for various morphological traits. These inbreds assume great significance in alleviating Fe and Zn deficiencies in worldwide.
Application of anchoring of the projection point on the inner upper edge of the pedicle in minimally invasive posterior cervical foraminotomy (MI-PCF)
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhao Bin , Yuan Jie , Xu Chaojian , Fang Ge , Zhao Zhenjian , Wang Yongfeng
Published: February 2022

Purpose To describe a new modified MI-PCF, and evaluate its feasibility/short-term efficacy.Method Data from 21 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy who were treated with the modified MI-PCF were collected. Patients’ preoperative/postoperative neck and arm pain were evaluated by the VAS, JOA and modified MacNab scores. The postoperative decompression effect was evaluated by CT and MRI. Cervical CT was performed for 3D reconstruction of the patients’ cervical spine. A cross section through the intersection of the inner and upper edges of the pedicle was used to measure the distance between the projection point on the inner upper edge of the C3-7 pedicle and the V point (a)/the midline of the spinous process (b). This distance was also measured in human cadavers(c)/(d).Result The operation was successful in all patients. The mean operative duration was 70.1± 20.0 min, and the mean number of fluoroscopies was 4.0± 0.9 times. The VAS, JOA and modified MacNab scores were all significantly improved. The values of a, b, c, and d for C3-7 were 1.43 ± 0.07 ~ 4.98 ± 0.22 mm, 14.00 ± 0.29 ~ 16.35 ± 0.45 mm, 1.47± 0.08 ~ 5.08 ± 0.25 mm, and 14.04 ± 0.32 ~ 16.36± 0.43 mm, respectively.Conclusion The number of fluoroscopies and the operative duration were reduced by the anchoring of the projection point on the inner upper edge of the pedicle. Overall this study describes a new method for positioning and verification of the V point in MI-PCF.
Unusual features of lattice dynamics in lawsonite related to its phase transitions: a study using broad-band dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Kadlec Filip , Nuzhnyy Dmitry , Kadlec Christelle , Petzelt Jan , Savinov Maxim , Kamba Stanislav
Published: February 2022

Lattice dynamics of a single crystal of lawsonite were studied over a broad range of frequencies (1 Hz to 20 THz) using impedance, THz time-domain and infrared spectroscopies. Based on polarized spectra of complex permittivity ε̂ measured as a function of temperature between 10 K and 500 K, we analyzed the properties of the two known phase transitions—an antiferrodistortive one near Tc1 = 270 K and a ferroelectric one, occurring at Tc2 = 124 K. The former one is accompanied by a flat maximum in the THz-range permittivity ε̂c near Tc1, which is due to a polar excitation in the E || c spectra reflecting the dynamics of water and hydroxyl groups. The strength of this mode decreases on cooling below Tc1, and the mode vanishes below Tc2 due to hydrogen ordering. At the pseudoproper ferroelectric phase transition, two independent anomalies in permittivity were observed. First, ε̂a exhibits a peak at Tc2 = 124 K due to critical slowing down of a relaxation in the GHz range. Second, infrared and THz spectra revealed an optical phonon softening towards Tc2 which causes a smaller but pronounced maximum in ε̂b. Such anomaly, consisting in a soft mode polarized perpendicularly to the ferroelectric axis, is unusual in ferroelectrics.
Optic Neuropathy after COVID-19 Vaccination: Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Haseeb Abid , Elhusseiny Abdelrahman M. , Elnahry Ayman
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

To report a case of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) following COVID-19 vaccination and provide a systematic review of all published cases of optic neuropathy following COVID-19 vaccination.
Methods:

A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE for cases of optic neuropathy following COVID-19 vaccination. Terms used in the search included “COVID-19 vaccination”, “optic neuropathy”, “optic neuritis”, and “ischemic optic neuropathy”. Titles and abstracts were initially screened then full texts of eligible studies were reviewed for data extraction. Only cases published in the English language, peer reviewed, and that included details on optic nerve involvement were included. All study types were eligible for inclusion.
Results:

Including our patient, a total of 10 patients (8 females) were identified as developing optic neuropathy following COVID-19 vaccination. Five patients (50.0%) were diagnosed with AION, while 4 (40.0%) were diagnosed with optic neuritis. One patient was diagnosed with papillitis and neuroretinitis. Three patients (30.0%) had bilateral involvement. Mean age of patients was 48.5±19.7 years. Mean time from vaccination to onset of ophthalmic symptoms was 6.5±6.4 days. Mean presenting visual acuity was logMAR 0.598±0.621 (20/79, Snellen). For the 8 eyes which had both presenting and final follow-up visual acuity, mean presenting vision was logMAR 0.369±0.420 (20/47) and at final follow-up was 0.114±0.261 (20/26; P=0.184).
Conclusion:

COVID-19 vaccination may result in optic neuropathy in the form of optic neuritis and ischemic optic neuropathy. Further studies are needed to determine the incidence, management, and prognosis of optic neuropathies associated with COVID-19 vaccination.
In Vitro Cytotoxic Performance of Pure and Co-Doped CeO2 Nanoparticles on Breast Cancer Cell, Colon Cancer Cell, and Mouse Embryo Fibroblast Cell Lines
Authors: Miri Abdolhossein , Sarani Mina , Barani Mahmood , Varma Rajender S. , Miri Mohammad Javad
Published: February 2022

Today, according to the progression and prevalence of cancer, efforts to discover new compounds to suppress the tumor and associated with less toxicity. Metal oxide nanoparticles have wide applications in biology and biomedicine due to their unique physical and chemical properties. They have great potential in the treatment of cancer, tumor targeting in tissues, targeted drug delivery, bioimaging, gene therapy and other diagnostic and therapeutic areas. So, in this study, a simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly method is described for the pure and 1, 4, and 8% cobalt doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Co-doped CeO2 NPs) using aqueous extract of Biebersteinia multifidi roots, as a recommended compound for the treatment of cancer. The morphology and size of synthesized nanoparticles were determined using PXRD, UV-Vis, FESEM, EDX, and Raman methods wherein cobalt doped cerium oxide were identified as spherical in shape with an average size of 5-10 nm. The toxicity effect of synthesized pure and Co-doped CeO2 NPs on breast cancer cell (MCF7), colon cancer cell (CaCo2), and mouse embryo fibroblast cell (NIH-3T3) lines was examined using MTT assay; cerium oxide nanoparticles were non-toxic against cancer and normal cell lines while Co-doped CeO2 NPs displayed cytotoxic effects on MCF7 and CaCo2 cell lines, except for NIH-3T3 cell line compared to doxorubicin as control. Thus, synthesized Co-doped CeO2 NPs have shown an acceptable inhibitory effect on breast and colon cancer cell lines.
Combined Endoscopic & Radiologic Intervention For Management Of Acute Perforated Peptic Ulcer : A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Negm Said , Mohamed Hatem , Shafiq Ahmed , AbdelKader Taha , Ismail Adel , Yassin Mahmoud , Mousa Bassam , Abozaid Mohamed , Orban Yasser A. , Alawi Mazoun Al , Farag Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Background : Peptic ulcer perforation is a common and life threatening surgical emergency. The traditional , pedical omental patch is performed for the plugging of perforated peptic ulcer was first described by Cellan-Jones in 1929. Although it is attributed to Graham , who described the use of a free graft of the omentum to repair the perforation in 1937. Many endoscopic methods have been used to treat acute perforated peptic ulcer like over the scope clips , standard endoscopic clips , endoscopic sewing and metallic stents. The main idea in endoscopic management of acute perforated peptic ulcer is early decontamination and decrease sepsis by interventional radiologic drainage.Methods:This study included patients who were developed acute perforated peptic ulcer manifestations and were admitted to our hospital between December 2019 to August 2021. Sample size was 100 patients divided into 2 equal groups. Endoscopic group (EG): included 50 patients who were subjected to endoscopic management . Surgical group (SG): included 50 patients who were subjected to surgical management.Results:Hundred patients were randomized into 2 groups: Surgery Group (SG, n=50) and Endoscopy Group (EG, n=50). Median age of patients was 36( range 27:54) and 47( range 41:50) years-old in SG and EG, respectively. Males constituted 72% and 66% in SG and EG, respectively. Median postoperative hospital stay was 1 (range: 1-2) days in EG , while in SG was 7 (range 6-8) days. Postoperative complications in SG patients were 58% in form of fever , pneumonia , leak , abdominal abcess , renal failure , incisional hernia, ( 11%, 5%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 3% , respectively). While postoperative complications in EG patients were 24% in form of fever , pneumonia , leak , abdominal abcess , renal failure , incisional hernia, ( 10%, 0%, 2%, 0%, 0%, 0% , respectively). Conclusion:combined endoscopic & interventional radiology can effectively manage acute perforated peptic ulcer without need for general anesthesia , within short time , in high risk surgical patients with low incidence of morbidity & mortality.This study was retrospectively submitted in clinicaltrials.gov in September 2021 (NCT05051683).
Clinically relevant pulse-treatment generates bortezomib-resistant myeloma cell line that lacks proteasome mutations and is sensitive to Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax
Authors: Downey-Kopyscinski Sondra L , Sriniv Sriraja , Kisselev Alexei F
Published: February 2022

Proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib are the backbone of treatments of multiple myeloma, which remains uncurable despite many recent advances. With many patients relapsing despite high initial response rates to proteasome inhibitor-containing regimens, it is critical to understand the process of acquired resistance. In vitro generated resistant cell lines are important tools in this process. The majority of previously developed bortezomib-resistant cell lines bear mutations in the proteasome PSMB5 sites, the prime target of bortezomib and carfilzomib, which are rarely observed in patients. Here we present a novel bortezomib-resistant derivative of KMS-12-BM multiple myeloma cell line, KMS-12-BM-BPR. Unlike previously published bortezomib-resistant cell lines, this sub-line was created using a clinically relevant twice-weekly pulse treatments with bortezomib instead of continuous incubation. It does not contain mutations in proteasome active sites and retains its sensitivity to carfilzomib. Reduced load on proteasome due to decreased protein synthesis appears to be the main cause of resistance. In addition, KMS-12-BM-BPR cells express less Mcl-1 than wild type and are more sensitive to Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of creating a proteasome-resistant myeloma cell lines by using clinically relevant pulse treatments and provides a novel model of acquired resistance.
Development and Validation of a HPLC-UV Method for Methadone Hydrochloride Quantification in a New Oral Solution with Preservatives to be Implemented in Physicochemical Stability Studies.
Authors: Álvaro-Alonso Elena Alba , Lorenzo-García Mª Paz , Escobar-Rodríguez Ismael , Aguilar-Ros Antonio
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The Pharmacy Service of the Infanta Leonor University Hospital acquires, compounds, distributes and dispenses more than 3,000 liters of methadone oral solution to Drug Addiction Patients Centers per year. Our purpose is to develop and validate an improved high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to quantify methadone hydrochloride in a new oral solution with methylhydroxybenzoate (methylparaben) and propylhydroxybenzoate (propylparaben) to be implemented in physicochemical stability studies that allow to provide more information and even to increase the beyond-use date.Methods: A HPLC-Agilent® 1,100 equipment, comprising a quaternary pump and an ultraviolet diode-array-detector (DAD) was used. An analytical method development and validation was completed. The curve was constructed from methadone working concentrations of 75%-125% (7.5, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0 and 12.5 mg/mL) to assess the linear relationship between the concentration of the analyte and the obtained areas. Precision and accuracy were calculated. Detection and quantification limit (LD, LQ) were estimated using the EURACHEM method. Forced-degradation studies were also performed.Results: Chromatographic conditions were: flow rate 1.6 mL/min; mobile phase 55% acetonitrile and 45% sodium phosphate 25 mM (pH=10); injection volume was 5 µL. The column was a Waters-XTerraTM RP18, maintained at 40oC. DAD was λ=254 nm. Retention times for methadone, methylparaben and propylparaben were 4.34, 0.70 and 0.88 minutes respectively.The method was linear (y=284.3x-97.8, r=0.997). Instrumental precision was 0.33% for standards (n=10); intra-assay precision 0.53% (n=6) and inter-assay precision 1.95% (n=12). The relative standard deviation percentage for accuracy was 1.28%. The recovery percentage was 101.5 ± 1.5%. LQ and LD were 2.18 mg/mL and 2.0 mg/mL respectively. The most destabilizing conditions were oxidizing and alkaline. The chromatograms confirmed no interference with the methadone signal.Conclusions: The HPLC method has proved to be valid and reproducible for methadone quantification in a new oral solution with methylparaben and propylparaben. This assay is a rapid, simple and reliable technique that can be used in daily analysis and physicochemical stability studies.
Sulfonylurea is associated with higher risks of ventricular arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death compared to metformin: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Tse Gary , Lee Teddy Tai Loy , Hui Jeremy Man Ho , Lee Yan Hiu Athena , Satti Danish Iltaf , Shum Yuki Ka Ling , Tang Pias Hoi Kiu , Wai Abraham Ka Chung , Liu Tong , Wong Wing Tak , Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai , Cheung Bernard Man Yung , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Cheng Shuk Han
Published: February 2022

Background: Commonly prescribed diabetic medications such as metformin and sulfonylurea may be associated with different arrhythmogenic risks. This study compared the risk of ventricular arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death (VA/SCD) between metformin and sulfonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Patients aged 40 years or older who were diagnosed with type-2 diabetes mellitus or prescribed anti-diabetic agents in Hong Kong between 1st January 2009 and 31st December 2009 were included and followed up till 31st December 2019. Patients prescribed with both metformin and sulfonylurea or had prior myocardial infarction were excluded. The study outcome was a composite of VA/SCD. Metformin users and sulfonylurea users were matched at a 1:1 ratio by propensity score matching. Results: The study cohort consisted of 5756 metformin users (48.00% male, age 68±11 years, mean follow-up 5.04±2.57 years) and 5756 sulfonylurea users (50.30% male, age 69±11 years, mean follow-up 5.04±2.54 years). Sulfonylurea was associated with higher risk of VA/SCD than metformin (hazard ratio 1.84 [1.56 - 2.16], p<0.001). Such difference was consistently observed in subgroup analyses stratifying for insulin usage or known coronary heart disease. Conclusion: Sulfonylurea use is associated with higher risk of VA/SCD than metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Additive Effect of Aortic Regurgitation Degree on Left Ventricular Strain in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Evaluated Via Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Tissue Tracking
Authors: Shen Li-ting , Jiang Li , Zhu Ya-wen , Shen Meng-ting , Huang Shan , Shi Rui , Li Yuan , Yang Zhi-gang
Published: February 2022

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes left ventricular (LV) remodeling and increases the risk of aortic regurgitation (AR), which causes further heart damage. This study aimed to investigate whether AR aggravates LV deformation dysfunction and to identify independent factors affecting the global peak strain (PS) of LV remodeling in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who presented with AR and those without T2DM. Methods: In total, 215 patients with T2DM and 83 age- and sex-matched healthy controls who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance examination were included. Based on the echocardiogram findings, T2DM patients with AR were divided into three groups (mild AR [n = 28], moderate AR [n = 21], and severe AR [n = 17]). LV function and global strain parameters were compared, and multivariate analysis was performed to identify the independent indicators of LV PS. Results: The T2DM patients with AR had a lower LV global PS, peak systolic strain rate (PSSR), and peak diastolic strain rate (PDSR) in three directions than those without AR and non-T2DM controls. Patients without AR had a lower PS (radial and longitudinal) and PDSR in three directions and higher PSSR (radial and longitudinal) than healthy controls. Further, regurgitation degree was an independent factor of LV global radial, circumferential, and longitudinal PS. Conclusion: AR may aggravate LV stiffness in patients with T2DM, resulting in lower LV strain and function. Regurgitation degree and sex were independently correlated with LV global PS in patients with T2DM and AR.
A novel flame retardant material for fabricated cotton and its mixture with polyester (50/50)
Authors: abdelmoaty alaa , Hanna Adly Abdalla , Amr Ahmed , Abou-Okeil Ashraf
Published: February 2022

Cotton fibers found large applications especially in the woven and non-woven industrials. The cotton fibers exhibit good properties but it have main drawback because it is easy and rapid flammable. To overcome on this drawback, several works were done. These works focused on the properties of fibers or treated with flame retardant materials. The present work aimed to study the flammability of fibers in presence of flame retardant materials. A novel flame retardant material was prepared by using simple method. The produced sample contains the Ammonium poly phosphate (APP), montmorillonite (Mt) and Melamine (M). The prepared samples were characterized by using Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Also, the flammability of the treated samples was done by using the limiting oxygen index (LOI). The results of characterization indicated that the flame retardant formula was incorporated into the fibers as shown SEM. The mechanism of the incorporation was discussed, the flammability results show that the values for LOI increases from 19.2 for 100%cotton to 26.2 for treated samples.
Major complications of caudal block: a prospective survey of 973 cases in adult anorectal surgery
Authors: Kang Xianhui , Xie Liwei , Bao Xiuxia , Wang Mi , Zhu Yeke , Fang Fuquan , Bao Fangping , Zhu Shengmei
Published: February 2022

Background: We conducted a prospective study of surgical inpatients at a teaching hospital to assess the incidence and potential risk factors for major complications of caudal anesthesia in anorectal surgery.Methods: A total of 973 patients undergoing anorectal surgery under caudal block were included in this prospective, observer-blinded trial after providing consent. Demographic information, detailed perioperative information, anesthesia-related complications and postoperative follow-up information were recorded. Meanwhile, the incidence and risk factors for major caudal anesthesia-related complications were analyzed.Results: A total of 973 patients underwent caudal block. The effective rate was 95.38% (928 cases). However, there were still 38 (3.91%) cases with insufficient block and 7 (0.72%) cases with no block. The major anesthesia-related complications were local anesthetic systemic toxicity (9, 0.92%), cauda equine syndrome (1, 0.10%), transient neurological symptoms (3, 0.31%) and localized pain at the caudal insertion site (30, 3.08%). The identified risk factor for local anesthetic systemic toxicity was multiple attempts locating the caudal space (OR= 5.30; 1.21-23.29). The identified risk factor for localized pain at the caudal insertion site was multiple attempts locating the caudal space (OR= 10.57; 4.89-22.86).Conclusion: The main complications of caudal block are transient neurological symptoms, cauda equine syndrome, serious local anesthetic systemic toxicity and localized pain at the caudal insertion site. Localized pain at the caudal insertion site is an easily overlooked complication. Multiple punctures during the block procedure was an independent influencing factor for both local anesthetic systemic toxicity and localized pain at the caudal insertion site. It is worth avoiding multiple attempts to locate the caudal space. Caudal block is still a safe and reliable method for anesthesia in adult anorectal surgery.
Kinematics and Trajectory Planning Analysis Based On Hybrid Optimization Algorithms for an Industrial Robotic Manipulators
Authors: D Gurjeet Singh , Banga Vijay Kumar
Published: February 2022

In industrial applications and automation, the robotic manipulators exhibit a significant role. Several complex robotic systems performed a number of industrial works named spray painting, welding, assembly, pick and place action etc. The end-effector's position and the joint angles are plays a vital role since any task is activated inside the pre-defined robotic manipulator's work space. Also, the problem of trajectory planning is a very challenging task in the robotic fields. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a kinematics analysis and trajectory planning of an Industrial robotic manipulators (IRMs) based on the hybrid optimization algorithms. Here, three IRMs such as PUMA 560 (6 DOF), KUKA LBR iiwa 14 R820 (7DOF) and ABB IRB 140 (6DOF) are considered. For each robot, the forward and the inverse kinematics (IK) are analyzed and also the trajectory planning of each robot is discussed using the hybrid optimization algorithms. In this work, 18 optimization algorithms such as PSO (particle swarm optimization), SSO (social spider optimization), DFO (dragonfly optimization), BOA (butterfly optimization), CSA (crow search algorithm), BSA (bird swarm algorithm), SHO (selfish herd optimization), KHO (krill herd optimization), ALO (antlion optimization), ACO (ant colony optimization), GWO (Grey wolf optimization), GOA (grasshopper optimization), SBO (satin bowerbird optimizer), WCO (world cup optimization), COA (cuckoo optimization algorithm), CFA (cuttlefish algorithm), SOA (seagull optimization algorithm), and TSA (tunicate swarm algorithm) are utilized for both forward and inverse kinematic analysis and the trajectory planning problem. For the PUMA 560, KUKA LBR iiwa 14 R820, and ABB IRB 140 IRMs, forward kinematics (FK) are solved by the hybrid combination of PSO-SSO, SHO-KHO, and SBO-WCO individually. Also the IK are solved by the DFO-BOA, ALO-ACO and COA-CFA for each IRMs. The trajectory planning problem is solved by the CSA-BSA, GWO-GOA and SOA-TSA for each robot individually. These optimization techniques gives number of solution for kinematics and trajectory problem but it converses the best solution for the minimum multi-objective function value. The advantages of these hybrid algorithm are shorter computation time, and fewer iterations. The kinematics and trajectory analysis of each IRM is simulated using robotic tool box in MATLAB with GUI interface. For each IRM, optimized position values of the end effector, joint angles and the best optimal path are computed with minimum objective function. Finally, the performance of each robot is compared to the existing robotic works.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Young Adults in Canada
Authors: Santavicca Tara , Ngov Cindy , Frounfelker Rochelle , Miconi Diana , Levinsson Anna , Rousseau Cécile
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Vaccine hesitancy is a multifaceted decision process that encompasses various factors for which an individual may choose to get vaccinated or not. We aimed to identify the relationship between COVID-19 conspiracy theories, general attitudes towards vaccines, current COVID-19 vaccine factors and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Methods: The present research is a multi-province cross-sectional study design. Survey data was collected in May and June 2021 (n=4905) in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec. Multivariate ordinal regression models were used to assess the association between vaccine hesitant profiles and COVID-19 conspiracy theories, general attitudes towards vaccines, and specific factors pertaining to COVID-19 vaccines. Results: Participants were aged 18 to 40 years and 59% were women. Individuals with low income, low educational attainment, and/or who are unemployed were more likely to be vaccine hesitant. COVID-19 conspiracy theory beliefs and general attitudes towards vaccines are significantly associated with greater hesitancy for the COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine factors including pro-vaccine actions and opinions of friends and family and trust in scientists and government are associated with less vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion: Conspiracy theories are distinct from criticism and concerns regarding the vaccine. Nevertheless, poverty, low level of education and distrust are associated with higher odds of being vaccine hesitant . Results suggest it is imperative to deliver transparent and nuanced health communications to address legitimate distrust towards political and scientific actors and address the societal gap regarding general attitudes towards vaccines as opposed to focusing solely on COVID-19.
A Generalized Model for Including Equity in the Siting of Emergency Services
Authors: Newton Robert A. , Kumara Soundar , Ventura José A. , Griffin Paul M.
Published: February 2022

We propose a method to identify inequity in access to emergency services using logistic regression and present a model to address inequity by siting additional facilities, recommending both quantity and location. We classify emergencies by the median income bracket of their Zip code tabulation areas. We use logisitic regression to determine whether the probability of emergency responses classified by income bracket are within the average response, defined by time or distance, and quantify overall equity using mean absolute deviation. To address inequity, we iterate a bounded maximal covering location problem over coverage distance and additional facilities to provide a set of possible solutions. We evaluate the mean absolute deviation of each solution and identify the tradeoff of adding facilities and minimizing deviation.We use 2019 data from the United States Internal Revenue Service and San Francisco Fire Department as an example case for our model. In this example, we find the distribution of emergency rooms leave the low income population of San Francisco significantly underserviced and recommend to decision makers additional locations that reduce the average distance to an emergency room while minimizing mean absolute deviation—providing more equitable access to emergency rooms across income groups in San Francisco.
Shortwave infrared detection of medical radioisotope Cerenkov luminescence
Authors: Grimm Jan , Larney Benedict Mc , Zhang Qize , Pratt Edwin , Skubal Magdalena , Isaac Elizabeth , Hsu Hsiao-Ting , Ogirala Anuja
Published: February 2022

Cerenkov luminescence (CL) is produced by medical radioisotopes when charged (commonly beta (β+/-)) particles travel faster than light in a dielectric medium (tissue). This blue-weighted luminescence is both continuous and proportional to the reciprocal wavelength. CL imaging (CLI) promises an economical alternative to PET but is limited by the optical properties of tissue and special setup requirements. CL has been detected in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectrum (900 – 1700 nm) from linear accelerators operating in the MeV range but so far not from medical radioisotopes. This work is the first to show that the order of magnitude weaker SWIR CL from medical radioisotopes predicted by the Frank-Tamm equation can also be detected, using commercially available SWIR components. SWIR CL was detected from five clincial radioisotopes: 90Y, 68Ga, 18F, 89Zr, 131I and from 32P, used in biomedical research. The advantage of radioisotope SWIR CLI over conventional CLI is shown in terms of significantly increased light penetration and reduced scattering at tissue depth, in line with the known advantages of SWIR imaging. We report the radioisotope SWIR spectrum, the current detection sensitivity limit (0.23 µCi/µl of 68Ga) and determine the feasibility of SWIR CLI with ex vivo and in vivo preclinical examples. Further improvements in SWIR optics and technology are required to enable widespread adoption.
Agroforestry as a Pathway to Climate-Smart Agribusiness: Challenges and Opportunities to Smallholder Farmers in Developing Countries
Authors: Kassa Getahun
Published: February 2022

Agroforestry systems have been increasingly important in recent years as they have provided smallholder farmers with new commercial options and ecosystem-based adaption solutions. While being an eco-friendly practice has gained agroforestry systems popularity as a climate-smart agriculture practice, exploiting their investment potential requires understanding their key features as a climate-smart business. The purpose of this review is to increase smallholder incentives from adding climate-smart value to agroforestry in developing countries. The review assesses the challenges and opportunities of agroforestry as a climate-smart practice with the intent to guide investors, development practitioners, and researchers to foster economically, socially, and ecologically viable climate-smart agribusiness. Based on the review, the finding reveals market failure, delayed return on investment, insecure tenure, and lack of institutional support as the challenges hindering agroforestry business. On the other hand, availability of green finance, growing public-private partnerships, environmentally friendly preferences, growing demand for food and sustainable fuelwood, and agritourism are identified as opportunities to scale-up agroforestry as a climate-smart business. Ultimately, by creating a productive, resilient, and low-emission land-use for smallholder farmers, agroforestry systems can be an effective and efficient pathway towards climate-smart agribusiness and to the achievement of the Global Goal of Sustainable Development.
Universe: the dynamics of the minimum and maximum expansion states (Time: the collateral dimension)
Authors: Petrakis Sócrates Georges
Published: February 2022

Two hypotheses stand out in describing the evolution of the Universe. The predominant one predicts that the current expansion began at a certain instant and will not preserve any variation of energy that performs work; apparent flat Universe (Ω=1) is advocated by relativistic calculations and observational data, with an end or thermal death at its maximum expansion (3D Space). The other hypothesis considers that the Universe is cyclical (always alternating phases of expansion and contraction). This proposal aims to demonstrate that both hypotheses can be correct by not being distinct, but complementary. Supported by the immutability of physical laws, analyses of concepts define an exclusive presence of 1D Space in static states of minimum and maximum expansion of the Universe. With our 3D Space Universe created and existing between these extreme states, the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric, despite its general effectiveness, becomes inadequate for analysis; therefore, the concept of absolute rest energy (1D Space) is applied, demonstrating that the complete evolution of the Universe is spatially dynamic in a perpetual time dimension, always recreating our universe, and making possible a relative maintenance of any existence.
Plataforma Google Trends®: Análise do Interesse de Brasileiros na Área de Estética Dentária e Saúde Bucal
Authors: Capellari Bianca de Almeida , Souza Fábio Silveira de , Ribeiro Rhillari Kimberlli da Costa , Carneiro Marina , Cristina Da Silva Modena Karin , Pegoraro Thiago Amadei , Santiago Junior Joel Ferreira
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Pesquisas em canais digitais sobre o interesse de brasileiros em diferentes áreas da saúde bucal e estética dentária são relevantes. Objetivo: Este estudo usou a plataforma de busca Google Trends® (GT) a fim de realizar uma revisão para análise sobre dez tópicos importantes para a Odontologia  no Brasil. Métodos: A busca foi organizada com palavras chaves relacionadas a estética dentária/facial (A) e saúde bucal (B). Os tópicos foram pesquisados individualmente por meio do índice de volume de pesquisa (IVP). Os dados quantitativos foram submetidos a teste de normalidade e adotado índice de significância de 0.05. Resultados: Os principais resultados indicaram que, no grupo A, clareamento dentário é o termo mais analisado, apresentando diferença significativa na comparação com os demais termos: lente de contato dental, faceta dental, harmonização facial e preenchimento labial, p<0,05. Para o grupo B: saúde bucal e herpes oral foram os termos mais avaliados, não apresentando diferença significativa entre si, p>0,05. Destacou-se que houve um maior IVP para unitermos relacionados a estética dentária/face nos últimos anos (2016-2019), p<0,05, todavia o Grupo B  demonstrou menor variação (IVP) no mesmo período. Conclusão: Houve um aumento expressivo no uso de unitermos relacionados ao Grupo A nos últimos anos na plataforma GT e uma tendência de manutenção para os unitermos de saúde bucal.  Torna-se importante que políticas de ensino em Odontologia contemplem o interesse da comunidade e valorizem a transmissão e conscientização de informações corretas em Odontologia para o desenvolvimento de uma boa prática de atendimento clínico na comunidade.
Periapical Disease and the Prefrontal Cortex. Is there a Relationship between Calcium-Binding Protein and Neurodegenerative Diseases?
Authors: Tessarin Gestter Willian Lattari , Santos Rodrigo Martins dos , Pereira Renato Felipe , Mattera Maria Sara de de Lima Coutinho , Tsosura Thais Veronica Saori
Published: February 2022

Apical periodontitis (AP) or periapical lesion (PL) is an inflammatory disease that causes pain, loss of bone and destruction of other tissues of teeth support. This condition could be caused by caries, dental trauma and/or periapical microleakage wich is regulated by the immune system or inflammatory response. Several analyses have shown that endodontic infection can cause systemic alterations like stroke, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases and to contribute to the appearance of neurodegenerative disorders. The prefrontal cortex (PfC), positioned in the most anterior region of the brain, is essentially involved behavioral abilities, intellectual roles, cognition, learning and other functions. Neurons with laminar distribution in the PfC, especially in the lower layers express several types of calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) like parvalbumin, calbindin and calretinin that are involved in calcium buffering into the brain (CNS). These proteins are co-localized with GABAergic neurons, main inhibitory cells into the brain. Piece of evidence has pointed out a relationship between apical periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases where microorganisms and/or toxins produced in the teeth infection can penetrate the bloodstream, infiltrate the blood-brain barrier limit and active astrocytes and microglial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and increase the releasing of pro-inflammatory cytokines promoting pyramidal and non-pyramidal neuronal degeneration. Thus, is there a relationship among apical periodontitis, oral hygiene and prefrontal cortex and neurodegenerative disorders?
Traumatismo Dento-Alveolar: Lesões aos Tecidos de Sustentação (Luxações)
Authors: Silva Erika Thaís Cruz da , Vasconcelos Marcelo Gadelha , Vasconcelos Rodrigo Gadelha
Published: February 2022

Introdução: As lesões aos tecidos de sustentação dentários (luxações) abrangem um grupo de diversas lesões onde o dente é descolado de sua posição original após um acidente traumático. Essas lesões são subclassificadas em: concussão, subluxação, luxação extrusiva, luxação lateral, intrusão e avulsão. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca das lesões aos tecidos de sustentação dentários (luxações) abordando aspectos etiológicos, características clínicas e formas de tratamento para cada tipo de lesão.  Métodos: Realizou-se uma busca bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed/ Medline, Scielo e Google acadêmico, tendo como filtro publicações dos últimos 10 anos. A busca foi realizada com descritores previamente selecionados. A pesquisa ocorreu em 3 fases e os artigos foram incluídos obedecendo aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: As luxações representam um subgrupo da classificação dos traumatismos dento-alveolar que afetam os tecidos de sustentação dos dentes. De maneira geral, os seguintes tecidos são afetados após uma lesão por luxação: ligamento periodontal ao redor do dente, cavidade óssea alveolar e sistema vascular e nervoso do dente. Podem variar desde uma simples lesão aos tecidos periodontais (concussão) até o completo esmagamento das fibras do ligamento periodontal e do feixe vasculonervoso (intrusão).   Conclusão: Essas lesões normalmente requerem uma atenção especial, principalmente no que refere-se aos tecidos periodontais e pulpares, tendo em vista que diversas complicações pós acidente traumático podem ocorrer. Portanto, é importante que o profissional realize um adequado diagnóstico para que o tratamento seja efetivo.