bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La ayuda humanitaria de los British Quakers durante la Guerra Civil española (1936-1939): el caso del Hospital Infantil de Polop de la Marina (Alicante)
Authors: García Ferrandis Xavier , Martínez-Vidal Àlvar
Published: June 2019

Debido a su condición geoestratégica de retaguardia durante la Guerra Civil española, el País Valenciano se convirtió en una de las zonas republicanas que acogieron mayor número de refugiados, entre ellos muchos niños. El Estado republicano se mostró del todo incapaz de afrontar los retos derivados de esta crisis demográfica y sanitaria e hizo un llamamiento en busca de ayuda. Una de las primeras agencias humanitarias transnacionales en responder fue la Religious Society of Friends del Reino Unido, más conocidos como el Friends Service Committee o simplemente los Quakers, una comunidad religiosa disidente fundada en Inglaterra en el siglo XVII. Durante la Guerra Civil, los cuáqueros impulsaron numerosas iniciativas de carácter humanitario en los dos bandos enfrentados, habilitando colonias agrícolas, talleres, cantinas y hospitales.

Este trabajo analiza en profundidad el hospital infantil que los Quakers habilitaron en Alicante en septiembre de 1937 y que posteriormente fue trasladado al municipio de Polop de la Marina. Nos centraremos en aspectos tales como la ubicación y administración del centro sanitario, el tipo de pacientes que allí se atendieron, el personal sanitario que allí trabajó, la evolución del hospital a lo largo de la guerra y su recorrido tras la victoria franquista, así como la motivación que impulsó a los voluntarios británicos a promover ese proyecto y a llevarlo a cabo. Asimismo, reconstruiremos la figura y la trayectoria de Manuel Blanc Rodríguez (1899-1971), un pediatra desconocido por la historiografía, que asumió la dirección de ese hospital británico.
España y la Organización Mundial de la Salud en tiempos de Palanca: una evaluación provisional
Authors: Rodríguez-Ocaña Esteban
Published: June 2019

España ingresó en la Organización Mundial de la Salud en 1952, estando el General José Alberto Palanca al frente de la Dirección General de Sanidad y hasta 1957. Con él se iniciaron diversos proyectos de colaboración con la misma. Empleando como principal fuente documentación procedente de los archivos de la OMS, me planteo cómo se desarrollaron dichas relaciones y cuáles fueron sus efectos sobre las dinámicas científica y profesional hispanas durante ese primer sexenio, teniendo en cuenta que el objetivo primario de la incorporación española fue de orden político. Ello no obstante, la colaboración con la OMS era conveniente para integrarse en las redes internacionales de producción e intercambio científico-médico, aunque en los primeros seis años sus efectos internos fueron escasos.
El recurso didáctico de los huertos y las granjas escolares del Programa Edalnu y sus antecedentes (1958-1972)
Authors: Tormo Santamaría María , Bernabeu Mestre Josep , Galiana Sánchez María Eugenia , Trescastro López Eva María
Published: June 2019

El trabajo analiza el antecedente histórico de los huertos y las granjas escolares que promovió el Servicio de Extensión Agraria en sus actividades formativas y divulgativas en la década de 1950; así como la continuidad que tuvieron como unidades educativas desarrolladas en el Programa de Educación en Alimentación y Nutrición (Edalnu) que se puso en marcha en 1961. Como principales fuentes de estudio se han utilizado el Boletín Informativo de Extensión Agraria, con posterioridad Revista de Extensión Agraria así como las publicaciones y documentos que generó el Programa Edalnu y que estaban relacionados con los huertos y las granjas escolares. La implantación de los huertos y granjas ayudó a fomentar la producción local de alimentos protectores, además de mejorar los hábitos alimentarios a nivel escolar y familiar. La aplicación de la metodología de “aprender haciendo” fomentó tanto el aprendizaje por descubrimiento, como el basado en problemas y el aprendizaje servicio. En línea con la corriente historiográfica del tiempo presente y los usos del pasado, la visión integradora del Programa Edalnu, en el que la escuela, el entorno y la familia estaban interconectados, puede servir de ejemplo para las actuales estrategias de educación en alimentación y nutrición.
Ciencia amanuense: cultura manuscrita e historia natural en la Francia moderna (c. 1660-1830)
Authors: Beltrán José
Published: June 2019

Si la historia de la ciencia ha pasado las últimas tres décadas desmantelando los mitos de la revolución científica y de la revolución de la imprenta, así como la feliz conjunción de ambas en la Edad Moderna, poca atención ha prestado a una de las sombras arrojadas por tales narrativas modernizadoras: la incontestable pervivencia de una sofisticada cultura manuscrita entre los practicantes del saber en tiempos de la llamada “cultura impresa”. Prestaremos aquí atención a algunas prácticas amanuenses en el trabajo de la historia natural, utilizando para ello los ricos fondos del Muséum national d’histoire naturelle en París. Nos centraremos en artefactos manuscritos (diarios, excerptas, catálogos de fichas) e híbridos (herbarios), atendiendo a su función en cuatro gestos clave de la labor del naturalista: observar, leer, clasificar, archivar. Lejos de constituir una práctica secundaria, la creación y manipulación de registros manuscritos se situaba en el corazón de la vasta empresa del conocimiento de la naturaleza entre 1660 y 1830.
Culturas, etnicidades y aflicciones. Perspectivas Amerindias en la Salud Intercultural
Authors: Fernández Juárez Gerardo
Published: June 2019

El artículo analiza la incorporación y el reconocimiento de la variable étnica y cultural en la perspectiva conceptual sobre el abordaje de la salud en pueblos amerindios, circunstancia promovida desde instituciones como la OMS y su sede americana OPS. El concepto de persona o el uso diverso de la pertenencia étnica deben ser considerados con suficiente flexibilidad y perspicacia crítica para no caer en criterios monolíticos esencializadores que desvirtúen las posibilidades y los beneficios que dicha perspectiva intercultural puede propiciar en el acceso a la salud de los pueblos amerindios.
Estudio de la extracción de tierras raras ligeras a partir de la extracción líquido – líquido utilizando ácidos organofosforados y ácido ascórbico
Authors: Santos Gabriel , Vera Ysrael M.
Published: June 2019

La extracción líquido – líquido (ELL) o extracción por Solvente (SX) es la técnica más utilizada, actualmente, para promover la separación de los Elementos Tierras Raras (ETRs), siendo los agentes de extracción ácidos organofosforados los más empleados. El uso de estos reactivos de extracción parcialmente saponificados aumenta tanto la extracción como la selectividad de la extracción de los ETRs. Sin embargo, esta práctica genera efluentes líquidos conteniendo sodio, amonio, magnesio o calcio que si no se eliminan pueden ocasionar daños al medio ambiente. En los últimos años se han buscado alternativas a la práctica de saponificación. La utilización de agentes acomplejantes, como el ácido ascórbico, puede ayudar a realizar la separación de los ETRs más eficientemente y sin provocar daños al medio ambiente por ser una sustancia biodegradable. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia de la concentración de ácido ascórbico sobre la extracción de lantano y didimio (Pr + Nd) a partir de la ELL. Se utilizaron tres agentes de extracción ácidos organofosforados (D2EHPA, P507 y Cyanex272). Se verificó que, con el aumento de la concentración del ácido ascórbico, hubo un incremento en el porcentaje de extracción y en la selectividad de la extracción de los ETR. Se definió, además, que el agente de extracción más eficiente en las condiciones estudiadas fue el P507. Consideramos que las mejores condiciones para realizar la separación entre La/didimio fue obtenida con el agente de extracción P507 y concentración de ácido ascórbico 0,5 mol·L-1. En esta condición se obtuvo una extracción de La, Pr y Nd igual a 12,3 ± 1,3%, 56,4 ± 1,0% y 64,8 ± 1,7%, respectivamente, así como un factor de separación de 9,3 ± 0,8 y didímio en fase orgánica con 81,4 ± 0,5 % de pureza.
Le bois de construction des Alpes du sud : une ressource mise en œuvre localement et exportée
Authors: Shindo Lisa
Published: June 2019

Cette étude sur le bois de construction dans les
Alpes du sud s’appuie sur des données récentes issues d’un travail de
thèse interdisciplinaire. Le bassin versant de la Durance et la Basse
Provence, principalement aux xviie
et xviiie siècles, servent de cadre à cette étude.
Au cours de cette période, le bois a été employé localement par les
montagnards, mais également par les militaires dans le cadre des
fortifications briançonnaises. La Marine, grosse consommatrice de bois
de construction a procédé à plusieurs inventaires des arbres des Alpes
du sud et est à l’origine de forts prélèvements dans les forêts de
cette région. Les populations civiles ne sont pas en reste puisque les
bois de Haute et Moyenne Durance ont été achetés par des marchands et
transportés vers les zones situées en aval. La destination de ce bois
d’œuvre exporté peut être illustrée par le cas de la ville
d’Aix-en-Provence où de nombreuses poutres portent des marques,
témoins des échanges entre la montagne et la plaine.
Le contrôle du faîte des Vosges : aspects politiques et économiques à l’aube des Temps modernes
Authors: Yante Jean-Marie
Published: June 2019

À l’aube des Temps modernes, le contrôle de la
chaîne des Vosges, séparant le duché de Lorraine à l’ouest et l’Alsace
à l’est, est l’objet de convoitises des principales forces en présence
(dynastes lorrains, Habsbourg, Ribeaupierre, souverains bourguignons).
La raison en est principalement d’ordre économique : des voies
importantes du trafic international, notamment entre l’Italie et les
Pays-Bas, empruntent les cols vosgiens et le massif recèle
d’importants gîtes métallifères. La mise en œuvre conjointe de
documents diplomatiques, comptables et figurés et d’acquis récents de
l’archéologie minière apporte un éclairage synthétique et si possible
chronologique de l’évolution des réseaux routiers et de leur
fréquentation d’une part, de l’exploitation des filons d’argent (Val
de Saint-Dié et Val de Lièpvre) ou de cuivre (Vosges méridionales)
d’autre part.
Les circulations de bois dans le Vercors-nord au xixe siècle : l’histoire d’une dépossession ?
Authors: Della-Vedova Gilles
Published: June 2019

Au xixe siècle, dans le Vercors septentrional
(Isère), les ressources forestières sont l'objet de circulations qui
se font à plusieurs échelles. Durant le siècle, la constitution d'un
réseau à partir des chemins de grande communication et des sentiers
forestiers explique l'importance de l'exportation des bois pour
permettre le développement. C'est la raison pour laquelle
l'application du Code forestier est l'objet d'analyses menées à partir
des dossiers des Eaux et forêts, de ceux de l'administration
communale, de l'état civil et du cadastre. En complément d'une
approche par les organisations, avec la circulation des idées de Le
Play (Kalaora et Savoye), une autre, localisée, montre que l'on passe
des bois de la discorde à ceux de la concorde. La prise en compte par
les agents forestiers des situations locales des délinquants fait que
les foudres de l'administration passent des « petits » à la répression
contre ceux qui font de la circulation des bois le fondement de leur
notabilité.
Une race écartelée ? Les enjeux sociaux, économiques et politiques des bovins de Villard-de-Lans (Isère) du milieu du xixe siècle à 1914
Authors: Della-Vedova Gilles
Published: June 2019

Dans la seconde moitié du xixe siècle, la promotion de l'élevage passe
par des races de montagnes destinées à se répandre dans les massifs et
à alimenter les marchés urbains. Elles sont un enjeu de pouvoir de la
part des agrariens que sont les notables républicains et les
techniciens de l'agriculture qui cherchent à imposer les cadres de
pensée de l'économie capitaliste de l'âge industriel. Dans le canton
de Villard-de-Lans, la recherche de la spécialisation laitière se
heurte aux logiques davantage diversifiées des cultivateurs qui
veulent demeurer un centre et ne pas être réduits à une périphérie.
Les relations avec la ville sont tempérées par celles avec d'autres
espaces ruraux. À l'articulation des archives de la préfecture, du
dépouillement d'une revue spécialisée et de l'utilisation d'une base
de données fondée sur l'état civil, les recensements et les cadastres,
il s'agira de mettre au jour ce que les circulations entraînent comme
enjeux sociaux, économiques et politiques.
O Sacro Império Romano-Germânico - um irregulare aliquod corpus et monstro simile?
Authors: Mainka Peter Johann
Published: June 2019

Resumo: Este artigo pretende fornecer algumas informações básicas sobre o Sacro Império Romano-Germânico na transição da Idade Média para os Tempos Modernos, enfocando a estrutura constitucional do Império; a dinastia dos Habsburgos, que reinaram no Império a partir do século XV até o seu fim em 1806 quase que ininterruptamente; e o período da reforma constitucional do Império no fim do século XV, quando o Império passou por uma fase de institucionalização e condensação. Enquanto outros países da Europa já tinham tomado o caminho rumo ao Estado Nacional, no Império ainda não estava claro se o Estado surgiria do elemento monárquico, isto é, o rei-imperador, ou do elemento corporativo, isto é, as corporações que eram, por sua vez, os senhores territoriais. Nesse momento histórico, por volta de 1500, havia um certo equilíbrio, os dois lados eram obrigados a negociar e a deliberar juntos a política imperial.
New pH Correlations for Stainless Steel 316L, Alumina, and Copper(I) Oxide Nanofluids Fabricated at Controlled Sonication Temperatures
Authors: Naser Ali , Teixeira Joao Amaral , Addali Abdulmajid
Published: June 2019

This research investigates the pH value of stainless steel (SS) 316L/ deionised water (DIW), alumina (Al2O3)/DIW, and copper (I) oxide (Cu2O)/DIW nanofluids prepared using a two-step controlled sonication temperature approach of 10°C to 60°C. The nanoparticles volumetric concentration of each family of as-prepared nanofluid ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 vol%, using as-received nanopowders, of 18 – 80 nm average particles size. Furthermore, the pH measuring apparatus and the measurement procedure were validated by determining the pH of commercially supplied calibration fluids, of pH 4, 7, and 10. Following the validation, pH correlations were obtained from the experimental measurements of the 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 vol% nanofluids in terms of varied sonication bath temperatures and volumetric concentrations. Those correlations were then combined into one robust pHnf correlation and validated using the pH data of the 0.3 and 0.7 vol% nanofluids. The new proposed correlation was found to have a 2.18%, 0.92%, and 0.63%, average deviation from the experimental pH measurements of SS 316L, Al2O3, and Cu2O nanofluids, respectively, with an overall prediction accuracy of ~ 92%.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Properties of High Performance Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement by Fly Ash
Authors: Fladr Josef , Bily Petr , Chylík Roman , Prošek Zdeněk
Published: June 2019

The paper describes an experimental program focused on the research of high performance concrete with partial replacement of cement by fly ash. Four mixtures were investigated: reference mixture and mixtures with 10 %, 20 % and 30 % cement weight replaced by fly ash. In the first stage, the effect of cement replacement was observed. The second phase aimed at the influence of homogenization process for the selected 30% replacement on concrete properties. The analysis of macroscopic properties followed compressive strength, elastic modulus and depth of penetration of water under pressure. Microscopic analysis concentrated on the study of elastic modulus, porosity and mineralogical composition of cement matrix using scanning electron microscopy, spectral analysis and nanoindentation. The macroscopic results showed that the replacement of cement by fly ash notably improved compressive strength of concrete and significantly decreased the depth of penetration of water under pressure, while the improvement rate increased with increasing cement replacement (strength improved by 18 %, depth of penetration by 95 % at 30% replacement). Static elastic modulus was practically unaffected. Microscopic investigation showed impact of fly ash on both structure and phase mechanical performance of the material.
Limits and Potential of 3D Printing Technologies for Construction of Concrete Shells
Authors: Kovářík Michal , Svoboda Pavel , Achten Henri Hubertus
Published: June 2019

Concrete shells are a very effective type of building structures due to their ability to bridge large spans with minimal construction thickness. This type of building structures built on the medieval vaulting techniques and, regarding the use of reinforced concrete over the last 100 years, it has overcome the limitations of the masonry vaulting technologies and enabled to increase the span of structures to tens of meters. The construction technology to realize concrete shells using monolithic casting into formwork is besides abovementioned advantages characterized by high labour and thanks to the cost and manufacturing intensity of double curved formwork panels it allows economical realization of only selected structural geometries. Its considerable limitation is, besides the costly production of double curvature formwork, also the laborious installation of formwork and falsework structures. The solution seems to be in line with the upcoming transition to Construction 4.0 robotizing the construction technology of shells that could create a similar increase in productivity and design possibilities as was the technological transition between vaults and shells. One of the promising technologies of robotic production seems to be digital fabrication methods and, in particular, 3D printing or in other words additive manufacturing. This wasteless technology, which has been used to date for experimental projects mainly for the realization of vertical bearing structures, has, despite the first attempts at realizing vaults, a number of technological limitations. In this article, authors aim to summarize and indicate possible constraints of on site 3D printing of domes. They further indicate the possible ways to overcome these limitations and suggest two different means of on site 3D printing of hemispherical dome and the dome based on the catenary profile using extrusion nozzles with different profiles. Finally they discuss the Eurocode requirements for concrete shells and suggest technological solutions for on site 3D printed shells in terms of structural reinforcement.
Exploring the relationship between depression and marital satisfaction amongst pregnant women residing in southern Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasinha B. L. E. , Perera B. N.
Published: June 2019

BackgroundMaternal mental health is considered a global health priority, but despite this, there are still many limitations in addressing issues related to maternal mental health in Sri Lanka. Depression is the most commonly occurring psychiatric disorder among pregnant mothers, and is associated with an increased risk of suicide. Maternal suicides have increased in recent years, with a rate of 12.1 per 100,000 live births in 2010. There is a pressing need to explore the factors that influence the mental well-being of pregnant mothers. AimsThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between antenatal depression and marital satisfaction. MethodsA questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 203 pregnant mothers who presented to 10 maternity clinics in the Galle Municipal area. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale were used to assess for depression and the level of marital satisfaction, respectively. ResultsA total of 42.9% of participants screened positive for antenatal depression, while 5.9% reported having ideas of self-harm or thoughts of suicide. A statistically significant weak negative correlation was detected, between marital satisfaction and antenatal depression. Lack of support from the husband was identified as significant predictor of depression amongst pregnant mothers. ConclusionsThe importance of a screening program for antenatal depression and the need for a directed focus on maternal mental health is highlighted in this study. Evidence-based, culturally sensitive mental health interventions would play a significant role in detecting and minimizing maternal mental illnesses, which is likely to help to reduce maternal suicides and minimize associated far-reaching negative impacts.
People who saw dark, fat devils with sharp teeth and bulging eyes – Charles Bonnet syndrome: a case series
Authors: Ellepola A.
Published: June 2019

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is characterised by visual hallucinations in people with visual impairment. There are different causes leading to CBS. This article describes 3 case reports of individuals who reported seeing ‘devils’ as visual hallucinations. The term ‘devil’ has a cultural significance in Sri Lanka. People still practice rituals related to ‘devils’, though this is now becoming less common. Psychopathology in psychiatric disorders can be influenced by cultural practices. This case series highlights the cultural influence on visual hallucinations and CBS.
Schizophrenia in the light of precision medicine: a time for reconsideration
Authors: Sundram Suresh
Published: June 2019

No abstract available
A place in space - the horizontal vs vertical factors that influence zooplankton (Rotifera, Crustacea) communities in a mesotrophic lake
Authors: Karpowicz Maciej , Ejsmont-Karabin Jolanta , Więcko Adam , Górniak Andrzej , Cudowski Adam
Published: June 2019

The factors that influence plankton distribution in lakes are currently widely debated. The primary objective of this study was to determine a combination of factors that influence the three-dimensional distribution patterns of both rotifer and crustacean communities in a pelagic ecosystem. We compared the abiotic (temperature, oxygen and nutrients) and biotic (phytoplankton) factors that affect the horizontal and vertical distribution of zooplankton in different habitat conditions in Lake Wigry. The results of our study indicate that the vertical gradient in a water profile is much more important for microcrustaceans than horizontal changes in environmental conditions, whereas Rotifera showed a strong spatial autocorrelation when connected with differences in trophic status. Generally, large zooplankton prefer cold, darker waters of the metalimnion-hypolimnion, while smaller zooplankton prefer the warm epilimnion. This niche segregation in water profiles promotes a large diversity of pelagic zooplankton. The vertical distribution of dominant Daphnia cucullata was strongly related to the phytoplankton distribution. Moreover, we found that the large-bodied Daphnia cucullata prefers the lower water layers, despite the presence of less optimal food resources, while smaller individuals clearly prefer the warm surface water with high quality resources.
[The Bee-eater (Merops apiaster) nesting in mountain areas]
Authors: Cattaneo Guido
Published: June 2019

[The European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster), usually breeding in lower, warm latitudes up to July isotherm of 21°C (Cramp, 1985), has recently begun his expansion in northern Italy. Gregarious throughout the year, the European Bee-eater is a summer visitor in Europe. In 2017 a new breeding colony of four-five breeding pairs, has been found out in mountain habitat facing the plain at 1,250 meters a.s.l. in Italian western Alps, showing his expansion not only in northern latitudes but even in altitudinal environment].

 

[Article in Italian]
[Density of Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni in centralsouthern Sicily (Italy)]
Authors: Salvo Giovanni
Published: June 2019

[In Sicily, the Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni is a summer species, partly wintering; irregularly distributed in steppe habitats. In an area of 5,000 km² of central southern Sicily have been recorded, between 1977 and 2016, 127 breeding pairs, 123 of them concentrated in 5 areas, and 4 isolated pairs in suitable sites. In area A the density was of 1 pair in 4 km²; in area B of 1 pair in 21 km²; in area C of 1 pair in 10 km²; in area D of 1 pair in 12 km²; in area E of 1 pair in 3,3 km². The density was higher between 50 and 650 m of altitude.]

 

[Article in Italian]
Rural–urban health disparities among older adults in South Africa
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Phaswana-Mafuya Nancy , Pengpid Supa
Published: June 2019

Background: There are limited studies assessing rural–urban disparities among older adults in Africa including South Africa.Aim: This study explores rural–urban health disparities among older adults in a population-based survey in South Africa.Setting: Data for this study emanated from the 2008 study on ‘Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) wave 1’ (N = 3280) aged 50 years or older in South Africa.Methods: Associations between exposure variables and outcome variables (health status variables and chronic conditions) were examined through bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression.Results: Rural dwellers were more likely to be older, black African and had lower education and wealth than urban dwellers. Rural and urban dwellers reported a similar prevalence of self-rated health status, quality of life, severe functional disability, arthritis, asthma, lung disease, hypertension, obesity, underweight, stroke and/or angina, low vision, depression, anxiety and nocturnal sleep problems. Adjusting for socio-demographic and health risk behaviour variables, urban dwellers had a higher prevalence of diabetes (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.37, 4.04), edentulism (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.27, 6.09) and cognitive functioning (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.27, 2.85) than rural dwellers.Conclusion: There are some rural–urban health disparities in South Africa, that is, urban dwellers had a higher prevalence of diabetes, edentulism and cognitive functioning than rural ones. Understanding these rural–urban health variations may help in developing better strategies to improve health across geolocality in South Africa.
Traditional Chinese Medicine: How Is It An Invaluable Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors: Zheng Anwen
Published: June 2019

This article deals with the concept of intangible culture heritage and the reasons why traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) should be specially preserved. The potential value of TCM and the existing measures for carrying on the cultural heritage adopted by China are also explored in the article.
Essays in the History of Medicine
Authors: Xu Lei
Published: June 2019

Professor Karl Sudhoff had spent most of his career time researching the history of medical development in medieval Europe. The book collects the source fragment of the evidence of Professor Sudhoff's job.
Diurnal cycle of iodine and mercury concentrations in Svalbard surface snow
Authors: Spolaor Andrea , Barbaro Elena , Cappelletti David , Turetta Clara , Mazzola Mauro , Giardi Fabio , Björkman Mats P. , Lucchetta Federico , Dallo Federico , Pfaffhuber Katrine Aspmo , Angot Hélène , Dommergue Aurelien , Maturilli Marion , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , Barbante Carlo , Cairns Warren R. L.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Sunlit snow is highly photochemically active and plays an important role in the exchange of gas-phase species between the cryosphere to the atmosphere. Here, we investigate the behaviour of two selected species in surface snow: mercury (Hg) and iodine (I). Hg can deposit year-round and accumulate in the snowpack. However, photo-induced re-emission of gas phase Hg from the surface has been widely reported. Iodine is active in atmosphere new particle formation, especially in the marine boundary layer, and in the destruction of atmospheric ozone. It can also undergo photochemical re-emission. Although previous studies indicate possible post-depositional processes, little is known about the diurnal behaviour of these two species and their interaction in surface snow. The mechanisms are still poorly constrained and no field experiments have been performed in different seasons to investigate the magnitude of re-emission processes. Three high temporal resolution (hourly samples) 3 days long sampling campaign were carried out near Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard) to study the behaviour of mercury and iodine in surface snow under different sunlight and environmental conditions (24 h-darkness, 24 h-sunlight and day/night cycles). Our results indicate a clearly different behaviour of Hg and I in surface snow during the different campaign. The day/night experiments demonstrate the existence of a diurnal cycle in surface snow for Hg and iodine, indicating that these species are indeed influenced by the daily solar radiation cycle. Differently bromine did not show any diurnal cycle. The diurnal cycle disappeared also for Hg and iodine during the 24 h-sunlight period and during 24 h-darkness experiments supporting the idea of the occurrence (absence) of a continuous recycling/exchange at the snow-air interface. These results demonstrate that this surface snow recycling is seasonally dependent, through sunlight. They also highlight the non-negligible role that snowpack emissions have on ambient air concentrations and potentially on iodine-induced atmospheric nucleation processes.
Retrieval of aerosol properties from ceilometer and photometer measurements: long-term evaluation with in situ data and statistical analysis at Montsec (southern Pyrenees)
Authors: Titos Gloria , Ealo Marina , Román Roberto , Cazorla Alberto , Sola Yolanda , Dubovik Oleg , Alastuey Andrés , Pandolfi Marco
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Given the need for accurate knowledge of aerosol
microphysical and optical properties with height resolution, various
algorithms combining vertically resolved and column-integrated aerosol
information have been developed in the last years. Here we present new
results of vertically resolved extensive aerosol optical properties
(backscattering, scattering and extinction) and volume concentrations
retrieved with the GRASP (Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface
Properties) algorithm over a 3-year period. The range-corrected signal (RCS)
at 1064 nm measured with a ceilometer and the aerosol optical depth (AOD)
and sky radiances from a sun/sky photometer have been used as input for this
algorithm. We perform a detailed evaluation of GRASP retrievals with
simultaneous in situ measurements performed at the same height, at the
Montsec mountaintop observatory (MSA) in the Pre-Pyrenees (northeastern
Spain). This is the first long-term evaluation of various outputs of this
algorithm; previous evaluations focused only on the study of aerosol volume
concentration for short-term periods. In general, our results show good
agreement between techniques although GRASP inversions yield higher values
than those measured in situ. The statistical analysis of the extinction
coefficient vertical profiles shows a clear seasonality as well as
significant differences depending on the air mass origin. The observed
seasonal cycle is mainly modulated by a higher development of the
atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) during warm months, which favors the
transport of pollutants to MSA, and higher influence of regional and
North African episodes. On the other hand, in winter, MSA is frequently
influenced by free-troposphere conditions and venting periods and therefore
lower extinction coefficients that markedly decrease with height. This study
shows the potentiality of implementing GRASP in ceilometer and lidar
networks for obtaining aerosol optical properties and volume concentrations
at multiple sites, which will definitely contribute to enhancing the
representativeness of the aerosol vertical distribution as well as to providing
useful information for satellite and global model evaluation.
Biomarker evidence for the occurrence of anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during Quaternary and Pliocene sapropel formation
Authors: Rush Darci , Talbot Helen M. , van der Meer Marcel T. J. , Hopmans Ellen C. , Douglas Ben , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The eastern Mediterranean Sea sedimentary record is characterised by
intervals of organic-rich sapropel sediments, indicating periods of severe
anoxia triggered by astronomical forcing. It has been hypothesised that
nitrogen fixation was crucial in injecting the Mediterranean Sea with
bioavailable nitrogen (N) during sapropel events. However, the evolution of
the N biogeochemical cycle of sapropels is poorly understood. For example,
the role of the complementary removal reactions like anaerobic ammonium
oxidation (anammox) has not been investigated because the traditional lipid
biomarkers for anammox, ladderane fatty acids, are not stable over long
periods in the sedimentary record. Using an alternative lipid biomarker for
anammox, bacteriohopanetetrol stereoisomer (BHT isomer), we present here for
the first time N removal throughout the progression, e.g. formation,
propagation, and termination, of basin-wide anoxic events. BHT isomer and
ladderanes were analysed in sapropel records taken from three eastern
Mediterranean sediment cores, spanning S1 to Pliocene sapropels. Ladderanes
were rapidly degraded in sediments, as recently as the S5 sapropel. BHT
isomer, however, was present in all sapropel sediments, as far back as the
Pliocene, and clearly showed the response of anammox bacteria to marine
water column redox shifts in high-resolution records. Two different N
removal scenarios were observed in Mediterranean sapropels. During S5,
anammox experienced Black Sea-type water column conditions, with the peak of
BHT isomer coinciding with the core of the sapropel. Under the alternative
scenario observed in the Pliocene sapropel, the anammox biomarker peaked at
onset and termination of said sapropel, which may indicate sulfide
inhibition of anammox during the core of sapropel deposition. This study
shows the use of BHT isomer as a biomarker for anammox in the marine
sediment record and highlights its potential in reconstructing anammox
during past anoxic events that are too old for ladderanes to be applied,
e.g. the history of oxygen minimum zone expansion and oceanic anoxic events.
Evidence for fire in the Pliocene Arctic in response to amplified temperature
Authors: Fletcher Tamara L. , Warden Lisa , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Brown Kendrick J. , Rybczynski Natalia , Gosse John C. , Ballantyne Ashley P.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The mid-Pliocene is a valuable time interval for
investigating equilibrium climate at current atmospheric CO2
concentrations because atmospheric CO2 concentrations are thought to
have been comparable to the current day and yet the climate and distribution of
ecosystems were quite different. One intriguing, but not fully understood,
feature of the early to mid-Pliocene climate is the amplified Arctic
temperature response and its impact on Arctic ecosystems. Only the most
recent models appear to correctly estimate the degree of warming in the
Pliocene Arctic and validation of the currently proposed feedbacks is
limited by scarce terrestrial records of climate and environment. Here we
reconstruct the summer temperature and fire regime from a subfossil
fen-peat deposit on west–central Ellesmere Island, Canada, that has been
chronologically constrained using cosmogenic nuclide burial dating to 3.9+1.5/-0.5 Ma. The estimate for average mean summer temperature is 15.4±0.8 ∘C using specific bacterial membrane lipids, i.e., branched
glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers. This is above the proposed threshold
that predicts a substantial increase in wildfire in the modern
high latitudes. Macro-charcoal was present in all samples from this Pliocene
section with notably higher charcoal concentration in the upper part of the
sequence. This change in charcoal was synchronous with a change in
vegetation that included an increase in abundance of fire-promoting Pinus and
Picea. Paleo-vegetation reconstructions are consistent with warm summer
temperatures, relatively low summer precipitation and an incidence of fire
comparable to fire-adapted boreal forests of North America and central
Siberia. To our knowledge, this site provides the northernmost evidence of fire
during the Pliocene. It suggests that ecosystem productivity was greater
than in the present day, providing fuel for wildfires, and that the climate was
conducive to the ignition of fire during this period. The results reveal that interactions between paleo-vegetation and paleoclimate were mediated by fire
in the High Arctic during the Pliocene, even though CO2 concentrations
were similar to modern values.
Sensitivity of hydrological models to temporal and spatial resolutions of rainfall data
Authors: Huang Yingchun , Bárdossy András , Zhang Ke
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Rainfall is the most important input for rainfall–runoff models. It is usually measured at specific sites on a daily or sub-daily timescale and requires interpolation for further application. This study aims to evaluate whether a higher temporal and spatial resolution of rainfall can lead to improved model performance. Four different gridded hourly and daily rainfall datasets with a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km for the state of Baden-Württemberg in Germany were constructed using a combination of data from a dense network of daily rainfall stations and a less dense network of sub-daily stations. Lumped and spatially distributed HBV models were used to investigate the sensitivity of model performance to the spatial resolution of rainfall. The four different rainfall datasets were used to drive both lumped and distributed HBV models to simulate daily discharges in four catchments. The main findings include
that (1) a higher temporal resolution of rainfall improves the model performance if the station density is high; (2) a combination of observed high temporal resolution observations with disaggregated daily rainfall leads to further improvement in the tested models; and (3) for the present research, the increase in spatial resolution improves the performance of the model insubstantially or only marginally in most of the study catchments.
The impact of drought on the productivity of two rainfed crops in Spain
Authors: Peña-Gallardo Marina , Vicente-Serrano Sergio Martín , Domínguez-Castro Fernando , Beguería Santiago
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Drought events are of great importance in most Mediterranean climate regions
because of the diverse and costly impacts they have in various economic
sectors and on the environment. The effects of this natural hazard on
rainfed crops are particularly evident. In this study the impacts of drought
on two representative rainfed crops in Spain (wheat and barley) were
assessed. As the agriculture sector is vulnerable to climate, it is
especially important to identify the most appropriate tools for monitoring
the impact of the weather on crops, and particularly the impact of drought.
Drought indices are the most effective tool for that purpose. Various
drought indices have been used to assess the influence of drought on crop
yields in Spain, including the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI),
the Palmer drought indices (Palmer
Drought Severity Index, PDSI; Palmer Z Index, Z Index; Palmer Hydrological Drought Index, PHDI; Palmer Modified Drought Index, PMDI), and the Standardized
Palmer Drought Index (SPDI). Two sets of crop yield data at different
spatial scales and temporal periods were used in the analysis. The results
showed that drought indices calculated at different timescales (SPI, SPEI)
most closely correlated with crop yield. The results also suggested that
different patterns of yield response to drought occurred depending on the
region, period of the year, and the drought timescale. The differing
responses across the country were related to season and the magnitude of
various climate variables.
Los desajustes entre la organización político-administrativa y las realidades territoriales: La articulación funcional del Valle del Tiétar Abulense
Authors: Troitiño Vinuesa Miguel Ángel , Troitiño Torralba Libertad
Published: June 2019

El municipio, entidad administrativa histórica, tiene múltiples dificultades para ser una unidad eficiente en el gobierno actual del territorio español, sin embargo, por la “sacralización” del mapa municipal y provincial, está resultando muy difícil perfilar entidades de escala intermedia, comarcas o áreas funcionales, que respondan a los problemas y las demandas sociales existentes, resultando evidente, en el caso de Castilla y León, la necesidad de revisar en profundidad el modelo de organización y gestión del territorio rural. En este artículo, centrado en el valle del Tiétar Abulense, tras presentar la organización político administrativa de la comarca, se analizan las características del poblamiento, el crecimiento explosivo del parque edificado por el protagonismo desmedido de la residencia secundaria y los cambios tipológicos y morfológicos de los asentamientos (núcleos tradicionales, ensanches, urbanizaciones y diseminados), para concluir explicando la articulación funcional e identificando los núcleos rectores del territorio.
Evaluation of the Impact of Harmony-Meter as a Global Strategy to Reverse Bullying
Authors: Talavera Gabriela Flores
Published: June 2019

Descriptive Pre-Post study with a single group intervention assesses the impact of the Harmony-meter as a global strategy of intervention to reduce violent behavior in school, improve the harmonic coexistence rates and promote the development of the socio-emotional skills of the members of a school community. The hypothesis is checked. It’s based on the assumption that “everything that focuses attention multiplies” therefore, if attention is focused on positive behaviors, then they will be promoted and multiplied, significantly reducing violence in school. That is, there is an inverse relationship proportional to greater positive behaviors less is the violent behavior in the school. The study was worked with 100% of students of a school with serious social problems of vulnerability, family disintegration, gang activity, drug sales and violent behavior among neighbors. Changes in behavior of the different actors are described, raising the quality of healthy coexistence; strengthening family ties, improving teacher-student relationships and converting violent behaviors into harmonic behaviors.
Humor e estereótipos no YouTube: uma análise multimodal crítica do anúncio audiovisual “Slow Dove men + care"
Authors: Grando Roziane Keila
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo teve como objetivo identificar como se constrói multimodalmente a noção e a relação de gênero no anúncio audiovisual que circulou na internet, mais especificamente no YouTube, e foi amplamente divulgado em 2013, intitulado Slow: Dove Men + Care. Para tanto, foi utilizada, como abordagem teórico-analítica, a Semiótica Social. A análise multimodal foi direcionada três metafunções da Gramática do Design visual (Reading Images): Ideacional, Interpessoal e Textual. Com a discussão proposta acerca dos gêneros e a análise do anúncio, percebeu-se que à proporção que esses estereótipos são criados e representados pela mídia, também são evidenciadas pela mídia formas de ser/atuar que a sociedade preconiza, já que estão imbuídos nesses discursos comportamentos, valores e atitudes acerca de um ou outro gênero, formulando posturas de masculinidade ou feminilidade e relações de poder entre eles.
Estratégias de Leitura aplicadas ao conto: uma proposta para a sala de aula
Authors: Souza Renata Junqueira de , Barbosa Gislene Aparecida da Silva , Hernandes Elianeth Dias Kanthack
Published: June 2019

Este artigo, sustentado na concepção de linguagem como forma ou processo de interação, considera que o ensino da leitura literária deva proporcionar condições para que o leitor dialogue com o texto, ativando conhecimentos prévios para realizar processos de inferência e construir sentidos para além do que está explícito. Leitores proficientes compreendem os textos por meio de recursos metacognitivos: fazem questões ao texto, relacionam ideias, identificam as informações essenciais etc. À escola cabe proporcionar aos estudantes condições de desenvolverem ou ampliarem a capacidade de compreender textos literários, especialmente o conto, que é um texto breve, narrativo, com tensão capaz de prender o leitor e que diz o máximo em poucas páginas. O objetivo do artigo é apresentar uma proposta de leitura para contos (para turmas de ensino fundamental – de 5º a 6º anos), com base nas Estratégias de Leitura, que são constituídas por sete procedimentos relacionados ao ato de ler: conhecimentos prévios; conexões; visualização; questionamento; inferência; sumarização e síntese.
Contra-capa
Authors: Fianco Francisco
Published: June 2019

Contra-capa
Cómo comunicar la investigación desde la academia
Authors: Pineda Marco Antonio
Published: June 2019

Considero, a partir de mi experiencia como docente de la Facultad de Ciencias Espaciales, que la divulgación científica constituye una gran oportunidad para nuestra comunidad científica, en el sentido de que permite lo siguiente:  mostrar a nuestra comunidad el trabajo que se realiza de forma eficiente y con pertinencia a las necesidades de la sociedad en los tiempos modernos; amplía nuestro espectro de transparencia; permite que la Universidad llegue a las comunidades y no solo en sentido contrario; prmite fortalecer en nuestra comunidad, la importancia del trabajo científico universitario, ante los nuevos retos de desarrollo social; fortalece en nuestra comunidad académica, el equilibrio en el desarrollo de la ciencia.
Evaluación de la tolerancia a la salinidad de la tilapia roja (oreochromis spp) en diferentes densidades de siembra en la región sur de Honduras
Authors: Carranza Edgar Osiris , Aceituno Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2019

El cultivo de la tilapia es una actividad importante por la generación de divisas que aporta a la economía del país, pero el crecimiento del cultivo es limitado por la disponibilidad de agua dulce y una buena calidad genética de la semilla, siendo el desafío encontrar alternativas para cultivar en aguas salobres. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la salinidad en el desempeño productivo de la tilapia a las concentraciones de 5, 15 y 30 gramos por litro con las densidades de siembra de 5, 10 y 20 peces por metro cúbico. En el ensayo se usaron nueve tanques de 3,000 litros manejando por triplicado las tres concentraciones de salinidad y las tres densidades de siembra, el diseño experimental que se utilizó fue el Cuadrado latino para comparar características de Factor de conversión alimenticia (FCA); Factor de condición (FC); Tasa específica de crecimiento (TEC); Crecimiento relativo (CR); Crecimiento absoluto (CA); Coeficiente de crecimiento térmico (CCT) y la supervivencia. Las tilapias manejadas a las concentraciones de 5, 15 y 30 UPS no se observaron diferencias estadísticas (P>0.05) en FC, FCA, TEC, CR, CCT. Las tilapias cultivadas a las densidades de 5, 10 y 20 organismos/m3 no presentaron diferencias estadísticas concluyentes (P>0.05) en FCA, FC, TEC, CR. En los datos de las sobrevivencias no se observaron diferencias estadísticas (P>0.1036), afirmando que la salinidad y la densidad de siembra no tuvieron un efecto negativo y por lo tanto desarrollaron tolerancia a la salinidad.
Take a Wok: comida tailandesa en El Salvador
Authors: López Loucel Federico , Rivera Cecilia
Published: June 2019

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 6, 2018: 58-60