bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Structural Dynamic Frequency Characteristics Control
Authors: Zhang Xingwu , Chen Xuefeng , You Shangqin , He Zhengjia , Li Bing
Published: April 2012

In general, mechanical equipment such as cars, airplanes, and machine tools all operate with constant frequency characteristics. These constant working characteristics should be controlled if the dynamic performance of the equipment demands improvement or the dynamic characteristics is intended to change with different working conditions. Active control is a stable and beneficial method for this, but current active control methods mainly focus on vibration control for reducing the vibration amplitudes in the time domain or frequency domain. In this paper, a new method of dynamic frequency characteristics active control (DFCAC) is presented for a flat plate, which can not only accomplish vibration control but also arbitrarily change the dynamic characteristics of the equipment. The proposed DFCAC algorithm is based on a neural network including two parts of the identification implement and the controller. The effectiveness of the DFCAC method is verified by several simulation and experiments, which provide desirable results.
Identification of Cross-Country Skiing Movement Patterns Using Micro-Sensors
Authors: Marsland Finn , Lyons Keith , Anson Judith , Waddington Gordon , Macintosh Colin , Chapman Dale
Published: April 2012

This study investigated the potential of micro-sensors for use in the identification of the main movement patterns used in cross-country skiing. Data were collected from four elite international and four Australian athletes in Europe and in Australia using a MinimaxXTM unit containing accelerometer, gyroscope and GPS sensors. Athletes performed four skating techniques and three classical techniques on snow at moderate velocity. Data from a single micro-sensor unit positioned in the centre of the upper back was sufficient to visually identify cyclical movement patterns for each technique. The general patterns for each technique were identified clearly across all athletes while at the same time distinctive characteristics for individual athletes were observed. Differences in speed, snow condition and gradient of terrain were not controlled in this study and these factors could have an effect on the data patterns. Development of algorithms to process the micro-sensor data into kinematic measurements would provide coaches and scientists with a valuable performance analysis tool. Further research is needed to develop such algorithms and to determine whether the patterns are consistent across a range of different speeds, snow conditions and terrain, and for skiers of differing ability.
Drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy: From vacuum to liquids
Authors: Jaafar Miriam , Martínez-Martín David , Cuenca Mariano , Melcher John , Raman Arvind , Gómez-Herrero Julio
Published: April 2012

We introduce drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy as a dynamic mode with outstanding performance in all environments from vacuum to liquids. As with frequency modulation, the new mode follows a feedback scheme with two nested loops: The first keeps the cantilever oscillation amplitude constant by regulating the driving force, and the second uses the driving force as the feedback variable for topography. Additionally, a phase-locked loop can be used as a parallel feedback allowing separation of the conservative and nonconservative interactions. We describe the basis of this mode and present some examples of its performance in three different environments. Drive-amplutide modulation is a very stable, intuitive and easy to use mode that is free of the feedback instability associated with the noncontact-to-contact transition that occurs in the frequency-modulation mode.
L'évolution du lien en thérapie familiale psychanalytique
Authors: Joubert Christiane
Published: April 2012

Résumé En suivant le parcours d’une thérapie familiale psychanalytique, l’auteur tente de repérer les différentes modalités du lien, plus particulièrement la modalité originaire du lien autour des ressentis, des éprouvés, des émotions, projetés sur le cadre du néo-groupe. Puis, sur la scène transféro-contre-transférentielle, à partir d’un rêve croisé d’une thérapeute et d’un membre de la famille, l’histoire familiale commence à se représenter et à se raconter. L’auteur souligne ainsi l’importance du holding onirique dans la cure familiale.
Le test de la double lune en thérapie familiale
Authors: Greco Ondina
Published: April 2012

Résumé Grâce à la présentation d’un cas clinique, ce travail vise à souligner la possibilité d’utiliser, pendant le processus de thérapie familiale, un test graphique projectif, qui permet aux membres de la famille d’affronter leurs sentiments et leurs peurs les plus profonds en recourant au niveau symbolique. Le test de « la double lune », dont l’application est décrite dans le cas clinique, a été conçu spécifiquement pour les situations familiales complexes, marquées de diverses manières par les thèmes de la perte, de l’ éloignement et de l’absence, soit à cause d’un événement critique, soit à cause des transitions cruciales de la vie, dans lesquelles les membres de la famille ont à redéfinir les frontières familiales.
Les effets du handicap auditif dans la famille et dans l'institution ou la métamorphose du lien empêchée
Authors: Dorey Jean-Louis
Published: April 2012

Résumé Le texte illustre, dans la situation du handicap auditif, quelques caractéristiques de l’objet lien tel qu’il s’actualise dans la famille et se reproduit dans une institution spécialisée pour enfants sourds. À la lumière de cette analyse, l’auteur interroge la fonction de la parole dans la constitution du lien groupal familial.
L'étayage sur la violence et sur le victimat
Authors: Decherf Gérard
Published: April 2012

Résumé Le sujet qui s’attache au négatif et s’étaye sur la violence et sur le victimat semble avoir une représentation archaïque d’un agresseur auquel il s’identifie sur un mode adhésif. Cette imago cruelle joue comme un attracteur des parties fragmentées du moi en cours de formation. Le sujet semble prendre tour à tour ou, simultanément, la place de l’agresseur et celle de la victime, dans un lien paradoxal et anti-séparatif. À ce niveau de développement primaire, des formations idéales grandioses se mettent en place en regard des formations surmoïques, à l’origine de mouvements d’oscillations entre ces deux pôles (Anne, princesse déchue). L’auteur rappelle la distinction importante à faire entre la tyrannie subie, c’est-à-dire sans complicité, avec les variantes de violence par contrainte et de violence par séduction qui sidèrent la pensée, d’une part, et la tyrannie consentie ou complice, quand l’inconscient s’en mêle d’autre part.
Les hallucinations, expression d'un impensé familial
Authors: Gimenez Guy
Published: April 2012

Résumé Les hallucinations apparaissent dans certaines familles comme l’expression d’un impensé individuel et/ou familial-générationnel, renvoyant à une ou plusieurs expériences traumatiques. Le travail clinique avec la famille du sujet halluciné peut permettre de relancer ce qui, de la chaîne associative de chacun, a été « gelé » et enkysté dans l’hallucinatoire. À partir du cas clinique d’une patiente adolescente hallucinée de 14 ans, l’auteur montre comment ce qui ne pouvait être symbolisé est figuré de manière hallucinatoire par un membre de la famille, pour lui-même et pour les autres membres. La mise en commun des chaînes associatives individuelles permet alors que s’articulent groupalement (familialement) ce qui avait été délié (maintenu activement séparé) dans un mouvement de morcellement actif.
Évolution des familles et phénomène sectaire
Authors: Maes Jean-Claude
Published: April 2012

Résumé De deux recherches menées sur le profil individuel et sur le profil familial des adeptes de sectes, l’auteur de cet article a essayé de tirer cinq hypothèses quant aux métamorphoses familiales pouvant expliquer que le phénomène sectaire ait pris, dans le courant des années 1970, l’ampleur d’un phénomène de société.
Temporalité et psychose en thérapie familiale
Authors: Brun Anne
Published: April 2012

Résumé En s’appuyant sur les apports de P. Aulagnier sur la question de la temporalité dans la psychose, cet article montre comment le travail thérapeutique avec la famille d’un enfant psychotique, dans le cadre d’une prise en charge institutionnelle, contribue à inscrire l’enfant dans la dimension temporelle, par un processus d’auto-historisation familiale qui s’oriente souvent vers la mise en sens d’un impensable, d’un blanc aux origines de l’enfant. La spécificité du travail thérapeutique consistera à réélaborer les premiers énoncés identifiants des parents à l’égard de l’enfant, à dégager ainsi l’enfant de la répétition d’un non symbolisé chez les parents, qui le plaçait dans l’atemporalité d’un « déjà-là », et à prendre en compte, dans l’ici et maintenant de l’entretien familial, la réactualisation des expériences agonistiques de l’enfant et les modalités de réponse des parents à ces angoisses catastrophiques de leur enfant.
Jouer, rêver ensemble dans un espace psychique commun
Authors: Decherf Gérard
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’espace psychique, onirique, inconscient est le lieu de la rencontre amoureuse, de l’articulation des vécus familiaux archaïques et du transfert. Le principe de pesanteur psychique, attirance vers l’alliance dans l’indifférencié, gouverne ces registres. Dans le cadre de la relation thérapeutique, le co-éprouvé, co-rêvé, co-joué comme leviers pour une nouvelle donne, favorisent la transformation des angoisses fondamentales, autrement inaccessibles.
Objet et médiation dans la dynamique familiale
Authors: Chouvier Bernard
Published: April 2012

Résumé Les objets prennent sens et symbolisent au sein de la dynamique familiale et il est possible de différencier plusieurs fonctions médiatrices de ces objets : fonction de dépôt, fonction de facilitation de la communication, fonction de temporisation ou de désafférentation objectale, fonction de délégation ou de relégation. Mais ce qui est essentiel dans l’objet, c’est le lien qu’il permet de tisser entre l’enfant, le parent et le thérapeute au cours des entretiens familiaux. La fonction de medium donne à l’objet sa dimension transférentielle. La place de la créativité est également importante, sous la forme de l’élan créateur, de l’enthousiasme et de l’invention de personnages imaginaires.
Les objets de relation en situation individuelle, groupale et familiale
Authors: Gimenez Guy
Published: April 2012

Résumé Cet article a pour objectif de faire le point sur les recherches menées depuis une vingtaine d’années sur l’objet de relation dans le cadre de pratiques cliniques individuelles, groupales et familiales. Sont présentées sept caractéristiques illustrées dans une vignette clinique. Puis sont exposées dix fonctions spécifiques de l’objet de relation, à partir d’exemples issus de la clinique individuelle, groupale et familiale.
Gestuelle, dessins et paroles d'enfants : activateurs d'une trame associative familiale
Authors: Joubert Christiane , Durastante Richard
Published: April 2012

Résumé Les auteurs ont tenté de montrer comment les dessins viennent dans un premier temps figurer la paradoxalité familiale. Ceux-ci circulent à ce moment-là dans les séances comme des objets bruts. À partir de la sidération et de la confusion dans lesquelles ont été pris les thérapeutes à ce moment-là, sont venus se tisser des fantasmes au sein du groupe thérapeutique, dont certains dessins ont été à un moment donné au centre, passant par là-même de leur statut d’objets bruts à celui d’objets de relation. Les dessins d’enfants ont permis de nourrir le lien transféro-contre-transférentiel et inter-transférentiel et d’amener la famille à accéder à une capacité à fantasmer autour des traces sans mémoire, constituant ainsi une enveloppe généalogique et une contenance familiale.
Collages et inscriptions corporelles : Une saga familiale traumatique
Authors: Darchis Élisabeth
Published: April 2012

Résumé Les objets de médiation en thérapie familiale psychanalytique sont utilisés en fonction du processus qui se déroule et en rapport avec ce qui résonne dans le néo-groupe. Cet article présente une famille luttant contre de fortes angoisses de séparation issues des réminiscences de traumatismes trans-générationnels. Son organisation défensive s’actualisait dans des liens paradoxaux, comme le collage ou la mise à distance. À partir des symptômes qui relataient les souffrances familiales, comme l’indifférenciation ou les inscriptions corporelles, l’activité collective de création s’ouvre vers la figuration et le partage. Ces procédés accompagnent la famille sur le chemin qui va de l’indifférenciation vers l’individuation vers le « je ». Les objets de médiation présentés et utilisés au bon moment dans cette TFP ont favorisé l’évolution et le processus de transformation ainsi que la différenciation générationnelle et individuelle.
Les dirigeants des grandes entreprises industrielles françaises au 20e siècle
Authors: Joly Hervé
Published: April 2012

Résumé Les dirigeants des grandes firmes françaises sont supposés être des professionnels qui consacrent l’essentiel de leur temps à la gestion de leur entreprise. Mais cette professionnalisation n’allait pas historiquement de soi. Diriger une grande entreprise n’a pas toujours impliqué un engagement aussi exclusif. Il n’a longtemps pas existé d’incompatibilité totale pour les fonctionnaires et elle était encore bien plus souple qu’aujourd’hui pour les détenteurs de mandats politiques. Au moins jusqu’aux années 1940, les principales figures patronales étaient des notables qui cumulaient à la fois de multiples engagements sociaux et des responsabilités au sein d’entreprises, sans implication privilégiée dans l’une d’entre elles. Par ailleurs, il n’existe pas de filière de formation obligatoire pour exercer un métier de dirigeant d’entreprise qui n’est souvent que l’aboutissement d’une carrière. On ne le devient qu’après avoir été employé ou cadre dans une entreprise, mais aussi, selon la filière dite du « pantouflage », dans une administration publique.
A retrospective audit of clinicopathological attributes and treatment outcomes of adolescent and young adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas from a tertiary care center
Authors: Sengar Manju , Akhade A , Nair R , Menon H , Shet T , Gujral S , Sridhar E , Laskar S , Muckaden M
Published: April 2012

Background: The uniqueness of adolescent and young adult (AYA) non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) with respect to biology and treatment have largely remained unanswered due to marked heterogeneity in treatment, paucity of prospective, or retrospective studies and poor representation of AYA in clinical trials. This audit attempts to put forward the clinicopathological attributes and treatment outcomes of AYA NHL treated with both pediatric and adult protocols from a single centre in a developing country. Patients and Methods: Hospital records of all consecutive NHL patients registered in lymphoma clinic from January 2007 to May 2010 were reviewed for information on demography, clinical features, histology subtype, staging, treatment regimen, response rates, toxicities, and follow up. Two-year progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated with Kaplan-Meier method. Results: AYA NHL constituted 4% of all lymphomas. Diffuse large B-cell (DLBL) was the most frequent subtype. Following were the 2-year PFS and OS - DLBL 64%, 76.9%, Burkitt′s lymphoma: 56%, 56%, lymphoblastic lymphoma: 33.2%, 44%. Our results did not show any improvement in outcome of DLBL with the use of Burkitt′s lymphoma like regimen. Conclusions: This study highlights some of the key features of AYA NHL occurring in developing world.
Fever, anemia, and splenomegaly: A rare presentation of splenic angiosarcoma
Authors: Shukla Mridula , Basu Somprakash , Shukla Vijay K , Kumar Mohan
Published: April 2012

Splenic angiosarcoma is a rare neoplasm that often remains asymptomatic till the onset of massive intra abdominal bleeding that require emergency splenectomy. We report here a case of 60 year old male who presented with on and off fever and a splenomegaly was found on clinical examination suggesting a lymphoproliferative disorder. A contrast enhanced computerized tomography suggested splenic trauma with intracapsular bleed. A splenectomy was carried out that revealed splenic angiosarcoma. Splenomegaly and fever is a very rare presentation of angiosarcoma. Though rare it should be kept in mind when investigating pyrexia of unknown origin.
Twisted Conjugacy Classes in Abelian Extensions of Certain Linear Groups
Authors: Mubeena T. , Sankaran P.
Published: April 2012

Given a group automorphismϕ: Γ → Γ, one has an action of Γ on itself byϕ-twisted conjugacy, namely,g.x = gxϕ(g-1). The orbits of this action are calledϕ-twisted conjugacy classes. One says that Γ has theR∞-property if there are infinitely manyϕ-twisted conjugacy classes for every automorphismϕof Γ. In this paper we show that SL(n; Z) and its congruence subgroups have the R8-property. Further we show that any (countable) abelian extension of Γ has the R8-property where Γ is a torsion free non-elementary hyperbolic group, or SL(n; Z); Sp(2n; Z) or a principal congruence subgroup of SL(n; Z) or the fundamental group of a complete Riemannian manifold of constant negative curvature.
A survey of carbon monoxide and non-methane hydrocarbons in the Arctic Ocean during summer 2010: assessment of the role of phytoplankton
Authors: Tran S. , Bonsang B. , Gros V. , Peeken I. , Sarda-Esteve R. , Bernhardt A. , Belviso S.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. During the ARK XXV 1+2 expedition in the Arctic Ocean carried out in June–July 2010 aboard the R/V Polarstern, we measured carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and phytoplankton pigments at the sea surface and down to a depth of 100 m. The CO and NMHC sea-surface concentrations were highly variable; CO, propene and isoprene levels ranged from 0.6 to 17.5 nmol l−1, 1 to 322 pmol l−1 and 1 to 541 pmol l−1, respectively. The CO and alkene concentrations were enhanced in polar waters off of Greenland, which were more stratified because of ice melting and richer in chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) than typical North Atlantic waters. The spatial distribution of the surface concentrations of CO was consistent with our current understanding of CO-induced UV photo-production in the sea. The vertical distributions of the CO and alkenes followed the trend of light penetration, with the concentrations displaying a relatively regular exponential decrease down to non-measurable values below 50 m. However, no diurnal variations of CO or alkene concentrations were observed in the stratified and irradiated surface layers. This finding suggests that the production and removal processes of CO and alkenes were tightly coupled. We tentatively determined a first-order rate constant for the microbial consumption of CO of 0.5 d−1, which is in agreement with previous studies. On several occasions, we observed the existence of subsurface CO maxima at the level of the deep chlorophyll maximum. This finding represents field evidence for the existence of a non-photochemical CO production pathway, most likely of phytoplanktonic origin. The corresponding production rates normalized to the chlorophyll content were in the range of those estimated from laboratory experiments. In general, the vertical distributions of isoprene followed that of the phytoplankton biomass. Hence, oceanic data support the existence of biological production of CO and isoprene in the Arctic Ocean.
Reconnection studies under different types of turbulence driving
Authors: Kowal G. , Lazarian A. , Vishniac E. T. , Otmianowska-Mazur K.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. We study a model of fast magnetic reconnection in the presence of weak turbulence proposed by Lazarian and Vishniac (1999) using three-dimensional direct numerical simulations. The model has been already successfully tested in Kowal et al. (2009) confirming the dependencies of the reconnection speed Vrec on the turbulence injection power Pinj and the injection scale linj expressed by a constraint Vrec ~ Pinj1/2linj3/4and no observed dependency on Ohmic resistivity. In Kowal et al. (2009), in order to drive turbulence, we injected velocity fluctuations in Fourier space with frequencies concentrated around kinj = 1/linj, as described in Alvelius (1999). In this paper, we extend our previous studies by comparing fast magnetic reconnection under different mechanisms of turbulence injection by introducing a new way of turbulence driving. The new method injects velocity or magnetic eddies with a specified amplitude and scale in random locations directly in real space. We provide exact relations between the eddy parameters and turbulent power and injection scale. We performed simulations with new forcing in order to study turbulent power and injection scale dependencies. The results show no discrepancy between models with two different methods of turbulence driving exposing the same scalings in both cases. This is in agreement with the Lazarian and Vishniac (1999) predictions. In addition, we performed a series of models with varying viscosity ν. Although Lazarian and Vishniac (1999) do not provide any prediction for this dependence, we report a weak relation between the reconnection speed with viscosity, Vrec ~ ν−1/4.
Endovascular Salvage of a Right Brachial Artery-Right Atrium Hemodialysis Graft Using a Covered Endoprosthesis
Authors: Anaya-Ayala Javier E. , Ismail Nyla , Reardon Michael J. , Peden Eric K.
Published: April 2012

Creation of a functional hemodialysis access in patients with exhausted peripheral access sites and concomitant central venous occlusive disease (CVOD) is a multifaceted challenge; often requiring complex, innovative solutions, not without their own complications. We present a 57-year-old hemodialysis patient with a history of hypercoagulable disorder and multiple failed arteriovenous accesses. Because of inadequate peripheral access sites and chronic occlusions in superior vena cava, brachiocephalic veins and inferior vena cava, in addition to multiple transhepatic catheter related issues; we decided to perform a right brachial artery to right atrium (RA) hemodialysis graft. The access was used without complications for 18 months at which point he had his first episode of thrombosis; open thrombectomy and percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PTA) at the atrial anastomosis were done with success. The following three months, he endured two more thrombectomies and PTAs. During the last intervention we performed an intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) through the atrial anastomosis, which demonstrated stenosis; and the decision was made to extend the outflow anastomosis with a covered stent into the atrium. Therefore a 10 cm × 10 mm Viabahn stent-graft (W. L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, Ariz.) was deployed and post dilated with 8 mm balloon within the graft component. Repeat injection and Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) demonstrated significant improvement and free outflow. The brachial-RA hemodialysis graft could be use immediately and at 5 months has remained fully functional and no reinterventions have been necessary.
Herbicide Metolachlor Causes Changes in Reproductive Endocrinology of Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Mathias Francielle Tatiane , Romano Renata Marino , Sleiman Hanan Kaled , de Oliveira Claudio Alvarenga , Romano Marco Aurelio
Published: April 2012

S-metolachlor is a chloroacetanilide herbicide widely used in the agriculture to control weeds and was demonstrated that it increases the activity of the aromatase enzyme in cell cultures, which may culminate as endocrine disruption action in vivo. To investigate this hypothesis, prepubertal Wistar male rats were exposed to metolachlor (5 or 50 mg/kg/day, NOEL for reproductive toxicity: 23.5–26.0 mg/kg/day) from PND23 (postnatal day) to PND53. During this period, the growth of the animals and the age and weight at puberty were recorded. In PND53, tissues were collected and the analysis of LH, FSH, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol serum concentrations, morphometric evaluation of the seminiferous epithelium, and weight of the testes and the seminal vesicle (undrained and drained) was performed (Statistical difference: P<0.05). Metolachlor caused an increase in serum concentrations of testosterone, estradiol, and FSH and a reduction in DHT but did not alter the LH. There were also observed a higher amount of fluid in the seminal vesicles, precocious puberty, and changes in morphology of the seminiferous epithelium of treated animals. We demonstrated in this paper that prepubertal exposure to S-metolachlor caused changes in reproductive endocrinology of male rats.
PALINOLOŠKA ISTRAŽIVANJA NA PODRUČJU UGLJEVIČKOG BASENA
Authors: Maksimović Miro , Milošević Dimšo , Ječmenica Zlatko
Published: April 2012

U radu su obrađena palinoloških istraživanja vezana za definisanje tipova i vrsta biljne vegetacije od koje su nastali ugljevi na području Ugljevika, kao i vremena nastanka, vrste i kvaliteta ugljeva na prostoru Ugljevičkog basena. Posebnim naučnim metodama su povezane određene definicije i pojmovi, analizirana projektna dokumentacija, povezane relevatne činjenice i donesen zaključak. Na osnovu palinoloških istraživanja zaključeno je da su ugljevi na području Ugljevika, te Zenice i Kolubare, najvećim dijelom nastali od močvarne vegetacije. Glavni ugljeni slojevi u Ugljeviku su produkt karbonifikacije  lišćarskih i četinarskih vrsta drveća (visoko i drveće srednje visine).
ЕКОНОМСКИ ЕЛЕМЕНТИ ОПТИМИЗАЦИЈЕ ТЕХНОЛОШКЕ ФАЗЕ ОТКОПАВАЊА И ТРАНСПОРТА ЈАЛОВИНЕ НА ПОВРШИНСКОМ КОПУ „БУВАЧ“
Authors: Малбашић Владимир , Стојановић Лазар , Ковачевић Жељко , Триван Јелена
Published: April 2012

У овом раду су приказани економски аспекти оптимизације технолошке фазе откопавања и транспорта јаловине на површинском копу који ради као један од момената развоја рудника у жељеном правцу. У овом раду је приказан један од приступа ријешавања питања и проблема везаних за оптимизацију када Концесионар-ArcellorMittal Prijedor планира промјену капацитета производње жељезне руде али и промјену саме технологије откопавања и транспорта јаловинског материјала. То је условило потребу за потпуно новом техничком и економском анализом уз дефинисање нових услова рада у којима је неопходно одредити или дати основне смјернице за избор опреме, одређивање нове динамике експлоатације и добијање основних техно-економских параметара рада на овој технолошкој фази за различите варијанте коришћене опреме. Резултати такве анализе, презентовани у овом раду, дају Концесионару параметре и упоредну економску анализу технологије рада и потреба за набавком неопходне опреме сходно новоутврђеној динамици експлоатације са параметрима тако организованог рада.
POUZDANOST KOMBINOVANIH SISTEMA POVRŠINSKE EKSPLOATACIJE
Authors: Milošević Dimšo , Maksimović Miro
Published: April 2012

Pouzdanost je sposobnost elemenata, odnosno sistema da ispunjava svoje funkcije u određeno vrijeme. Razlikujemo sledeće blok-šeme sistema: 

• Sa serijskom vezom elemenata, 

• Sa paralelnom vezom elemenata, 

• Sa kombinovanom serijsko-paralelnom vezom elemenata 

• Sa kombinovanom paralelno-serijskom vezom elemenata 

U radu se daje šema za proračun pouzdanosti kombinovanih sistema na površinski kopovima. Prikazana su moguća stanja kroz : rad, otkaz i prisilni zastoj, kao i stanja DTO sistema kroz srednje vrijeme rada i remonta. Daje se vjerovatnoća rada DTO sistema sa materijalom i vjerovatnoća transporta materijala damperima van DTO sistema do odlagališta.
Competition for a Limited Resource: Who Gets the Water?
Authors: Diffenderfer Michelle
Published: April 2012

Water is our most valuable resource, but according to one estimate, the United States uses twice as much water per capita than any other country in the world and has been using more than 400 billion gallons of water per day in recent years. More than a quarter of the total water used in the United States is withdrawn from California, Texas, Idaho, and Florida. This article discusses how this limited resource is allocated.
Managing Utility Cashflow Instability Under Conservation‐based Rates
Authors: Hoag Grant , McKinley Rowe
Published: April 2012

Increasingly limited or unreliable water supplies, higher costs, and greater conservation awareness have induced many water customers to permanently reduce their water demands. In some water utilities, stagnant economic growth has compounded these effects to further reduce consumption. Despite the drains on utility revenues from reduced sales, utility rate‐setting bodies are often hesitant to raise rates out of concern for the financial welfare of utility customers, who are also faced with financial challenges. Too often the result is a cutback in capital spending that provides relief limited only to next year's budget.
Determining Provenance of Shell-Tempered Pottery from the Central Plains Using Petrography and Oxidation Analysis
Authors: Roper Donna C. , Josephs Richard L. , Beck Margaret E.
Published: April 2012

Late prehistoric sites on the Central Plains contain both grit/grog- (mineral-) tempered pottery and shell-tempered pottery. This appearance of shell-tempered pottery around cal A.D. 1000 has traditionally been explained as a colonization from the Mississippi River valley with further dispersal via trade. As a result, very little is known about the role of this material in the region. We report the results of a provenance analysis of shell-tempered pottery from seven sites extending from the Missouri River valley to north-central Kansas. We use petrography and oxidation analysis to compare the shell-tempered pottery across these localities and the shell-tempered to the mineral-tempered pottery from each locality, and we compare mineral inclusions and clay characteristics in all pottery with published geological and pedological information for each locality. The results demonstrate that shell-tempered pottery was locally produced throughout at least a portion of the Central Plains. Differences in firing technology are apparent across the study area and may play a role in the distribution of shell-tempered pottery. Two other results are the identification of composite temper in a notable proportion of the sherds studied, and indications of from where on the landscape Central Plains potters were procuring their raw materials.
The Value and Diversity of Indigenous Archaeology: A Response to McGhee
Authors: Silliman Stephen W.
Published: April 2012

Robert McGhee (2008) recently argued against the validity and viability of Indigenous archaeology based on claims that untenable “Aboriginalism” supports the entire enterprise. However, he mischaracterizes and simplifies Indigenous archaeology, despite the wealth of literature suggesting that such community approaches have had and will continue to have great value for method, theory, rigorous interpretation, and political value in archaeology.
The Premise and Promise of Indigenous Archaeology
Authors: Colwell-Chanthaphonh Chip , Ferguson T. J. , Lippert Dorothy , McGuire Randall H. , Nicholas George P. , Watkins Joe E. , Zimmerman Larry J.
Published: April 2012

Researchers have increasingly promoted an emerging paradigm of Indigenous archaeology, which includes an array of practices conducted by, for, and with Indigenous communities to challenge the discipline's intellectual breadth and political economy. McGhee (2008) argues that Indigenous archaeology is not viable because it depends upon the essentialist concept of “Aboriginalism.” In this reply, we correct McGhee's description of Indigenous Archaeology and demonstrate why Indigenous rights are not founded on essentialist imaginings. Rather, the legacies of colonialism, sociopolitical context of scientific inquiry, and insights of traditional knowledge provide a strong foundation for collaborative and community-based archaeology projects that include Indigenous peoples.
Reduced Mobility or the Bow and Arrow? Another Look at “Expedient” Technologies and Sedentism
Authors: Railey Jim A.
Published: April 2012

Parry and Kelly (1987) argued for a causal link between expedient technologies and sedentism, and their explanation has widely influenced lithic analysts. There are some problems with their explanation, however, including disconnects in the reported timing of the shifts to expedient technologies, agricultural intensification, and sedentism. On the other hand, across much of North America the transition to an expedient technology appears to correlate more closely to the arrival of the bow and arrow. This is supported by data from a large excavation project in southern New Mexico, which shows that indicators of the shift to an expedient technology cannot be attributed to reduced mobility or any observable changes in subsistence practices, but do appear to correlate temporally with the appearance of arrow points.
Corporate Group Formation and Differentiation in Early Puebloan Villages of the American Southwest
Authors: Schachner Gregson
Published: April 2012

The development of corporate groups and social differentiation has long been studied by scholars interested in the historic development of Puebloan societies in the American Southwest. Recent discussions of these issues have suggested that corporate group organization and differentiation were formalized during the transition from pithouse to pueblo architecture from A.D. 700 to 1000. In this article, I examine the history and process of the pithouse-to-pueblo transition in the northern San Juan region from A.D. 700 to 900. Unlike in most parts of the ancient Southwest, the architectural transition in this area was accompanied by a significant settlement change resulting in the founding of large, permanent villages housing hundreds of residents. I present an analysis of architectural differences within McPhee Village, one of the largest of these settlements, that documents variability in corporate group organization and socioeconomic power near the end of this transitional period. This study contributes to a growing body of archaeological literature that highlights the importance of internal social dynamics and corporate strategies within early village societies.
Reconsidering the Size and Structure of Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico
Authors: Whalen Michael E. , MacWilliams A. C. , Pitezel Todd
Published: April 2012

The site of Casas Grandes (or Paquimé) in northwest Chihuahua, Mexico, originally was estimated to contain some 2,300 rooms, placing it at the top of known prehispanic pueblo sizes. Its rooms were seen as arranged in blocks of as many as five stories, forming a vast, U-shaped pueblo. This room count and configuration are cited often in the past and present literature. We contend that Casas Grandes originally was interpreted in the most liberal terms. We reexamine it with a more conservative approach, and a different characterization emerges. The U-shaped configuration cannot be supported. Instead, we see a central, linear room block, a small part of which contained three stories. It was flanked on the west by well-known ritual architecture and surrounded on all sides by small, scattered, contemporary, one-story room units. The original room count estimation is reduced by about 50 percent, as is the concomitant estimate of nearly 5,000 residents. This has implications for extant models of the internal and regional organization of Casas Grandes.
Human Behavioral Ecology and Historical Contingency: A Comment on the Diablo Canyon Archaeological Record
Authors: Hildebrandt William R. , McGuire Kelly R. , Rosenthal Jeffrey S.
Published: April 2012

Using data from a single site along the central California coast (CA-SLO-2), Jones et al. (2008) critique our use of human behavioral ecology to explain changing hunting and fishing adaptations in prehistoric California and the Great Basin. Instead, they argue that human adaptations tend to stay relatively stable over time until they are influenced by historical contingencies. We question the utility of using data from a single site, and expand the sample with information from several deposits along the south-central coast. This expanded sample documents a dynamic evolutionary sequence characterized by increasing residential stability accompanied by hunting and fishing in more distant resource patches. Access to these patches, both terrestrial and marine, was made possible by changes in social organization and technology. Many of these behaviors appear to have incurred high costs, and are potentially explained with reference to costly signaling theory.
Size Dependence in Assemblage Measures: Essentialism, Materialism, and “She” Analysis in Archaeology
Authors: Shott Michael J.
Published: April 2012

"Assemblage" is a fundamental archaeological construct. By their composition, we interpret assemblages as expressions of activity or cultural identity. Yet they are not simple products of these factors alone but also of formation processes. Assemblages accumulated over varying spans, with varying combinations of tool types and discard rates. They are contexts for the playing out of complex relationships, not static types. This is a materialist view, against the essentialist view that assemblages are exemplars of ideal types (e.g., "base camps," "Quina Mousterian"). Materialism implies that their size and composition, fundamental assemblage characteristics, are correlated variables, not fixed properties, and that composition varies as size increases. I document size dependence consistent with materialism in Paleoindian and Paleolithic assemblages. Among ways to analyze size-dependent assemblage data, I apply "SHE analysis"—the joint study of assemblage richness, heterogeneity, and evenness—to gauge data’s fit to theoretical models. Archaeologists acknowledge size dependence, but we misapprehend it as a methodological bias of assemblage measures that must be suppressed when, in materialist perspective, it reveals meaningful relationships that an essentialist view cannot.
Sampling of Data Derived from Historical Documents in Anthropological Research
Authors: Foster Thomas H. , Cohen Arthur
Published: April 2012

In response to Joshua Piker's (this issue) comment on our article (Foster and Cohen 2007), we point out that our article was a description of a test of a hypothesis. Piker's (this issue) criticism of our paper is grounded in the differences between historians and anthropological archaeologists. The historic literature that Piker (this issue) cited does not inform about whether or not Creek Indians hunted where we performed the sediment cores. It merely points out that Creek hunters may have hunted with greater frequency elsewhere. But that is irrelevant to our study, which tested whether the eighteenth-century deerskin trade increased the frequency of forest fires in a particular region. Archaeologists will benefit from using historical documents but archaeologists still have to be clear about the potential biases of those interdisciplinary data sources.
Volatile Climate Conditions Cahokia: Comment on Benson, Pauketat and Cook 2009
Authors: Nolan Kevin C. , Cook Robert A.
Published: April 2012

The rapidly growing archaeological literature on Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) reconstructions (e.g., Benson et al. 2007; Cooper 2008; Stahle et al. 2007) demonstrates the significant gains that can be made in explaining cultural developments in prehistory when appropriate climate data are available. Benson et al. (2009) added to this literature with an analysis of the climatic conditions associated with peak social complexity in the American Bottom. They focus on abundance of precipitation. We applaud their effort and offer an additional perspective on the development of social complexity using the same data, by highlighting the importance of variability in conditioning complexity.
Change and Continuity, Practice and Memory: A Response to Stephen Silliman
Authors: Vitelli Giovanna
Published: April 2012

Stephen Silliman's article in American Antiquity (74:211-230) addresses a key issue that has been in quiet circulation for some time, examining the connections between archaeological data, traditional persistence, and postcolonial ways of understanding diachronic variability. This is a fundamental problem not only for archaeology but for American social scientists researching colonialism and traditional cultures (Alfred 1995; Harrod 1995; Stover 2001). Silliman orients his understanding of historic Eastern Pequot settlement through the lens of a theoretical approach to memory and practice as has been taken up in archaeological circles by a number of practitioners (cf. Silliman 2009:213). He acknowledges the existence of other perspectives, not least that of past Native people themselves, but the article focuses primarily on the application of current thinking on these topics of identity.
Origin Stories, Archaeological Evidence, and Postclovis Paleoindian Bison Hunting on the Great Plains
Authors: Bamforth Douglas B.
Published: April 2012

Reconstructions of the Paleoindian period are archaeology's origin stories about the native people of North America. These reconstructions have strongly emphasized great differences between recent and ancient Native Americans, echoing a perspective with its roots in the nineteenth century. One central component of the differences archaeologists have seen lies in the way that Paleoindian groups moved across the landscape. Particularly on the Great Plains, these movements have been seen as unpredictable and nonrepetitive, with this view founded largely in interpretations of evidence from large bison kills. This paper compares the overall patterns of post-Clovis Paleoindian and post-Paleoindian communal bison hunting on the Plains, arguing that there is no evidence of rapid or substantial change in such hunting at the end of the Paleoindian period. Although hunting practices did not remain exactly the same over time, most of the basic characteristics of Paleoindian hunting were common on the Plains for millennia. Only the northern Plains stands out from this, and it does so only within the last 2,000 to 3,000 years, probably in reaction to the development of continent-wide exchange networks. Paleoindians certainly lived different lives than did later occupants of the Great Plains, but the literature significantly exaggerates the magnitude of this difference.
Looting of the Fort Craig Cemetery: Damage Done and Lessons Learned
Authors: Hanson Jeffery R.
Published: April 2012

The looting of archaeological sites is a common concern in the archaeological community. On average, over 850 archaeological sites are vandalized or looted from U.S. federal lands each year. This costs taxpayers nearly $5 million annually. This paper describes an egregious case that not only involved the looting of human remains from a Civil War/Indian wars era cemetery, but also the unethical complicity of members of the professional community. The preponderance of the evidence indicated that the remains of two Buffalo Soldiers from the abandoned military cemetery at Fort Craig, New Mexico, were illegally removed. Most of these remains were not recovered. The looting case prompted the Bureau of Reclamation to conduct full-scale archaeological recovery of additional remains not exhumed by the U.S. Army during the late 1800s. In all, 65 complete or near complete remains were recovered, analyzed, and reburied in July 2009. Two lessons emerged from this project: (1) professionals must be cognizant of whom they do business with to procure publishable information; and (2) they must balance their research agendas with an equal commitment to protect cultural resources.
An Analysis of the Last 1000 Years Human Diet on Tutuila (American Samoa) Using Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Data
Authors: Valentin Frédérique , Herrscher Estelle , Petchey Fiona , Addison David J.
Published: April 2012

This paper reports the first set of isotopic data relating to human diet from the Samoan Archipelago. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data measured on bone collagen were used to assess dietary patterns of prehistoric communities on Tutuila Island, American Samoa. We examined 14 human bones from three sites dated to three distinct periods: ~1,000 years ago (N = 5); -500 years ago (N = 8) and -150 years ago (N = 1). The isotopie data suggest that the human diet on Tutuila over the last 1,000 years was composed mainly of terrestrial resources with some consumption of coastal reef products. These data suggest a possible dietary change over time, with a higher dependence on marine resources in the earlier period shifting to a more terrestrial diet in the later period. Several possibilities for this dietary shift are suggested including: change in community specialization; marine resource depression; disintensification of marine procurement; intensification of horticultural production; and cultural or social changes in resource allocation.
The Impact of Site Sample Size on the Reconstruction of Culture Histories
Authors: Perreault Charles
Published: April 2012

I examine how our capacity to produce accurate culture-historical reconstructions changes as more archaeological sites are discovered, dated, and added to a data set. More precisely, I describe, using simulated data sets, how increases in the number of known sites impact the accuracy and precision of our estimations of (1) the earliest and (2) latest date of a cultural tradition, (3) the date and (4) magnitude of its peak popularity, as well as (5) its rate of spread and (6) disappearance in a population. I show that the accuracy and precision of inferences about these six historical processes are not affected in the same fashion by changes in the number of known sites. I also consider the impact of two simple taphonomic site destruction scenarios on the results. Overall, the results presented in this paper indicate that unless we are in possession of near-total samples of sites, and can be certain that there are no taphonomic biases in the universe of sites to be sampled, we will make inferences of varying precision and accuracy depending on the aspect of a cultural trait’s history in question.
Comment on Cannon and Yang: Early Storage and Sedentism on the Pacific Northwest Coast
Authors: Monks Gregory G. , Orchard Trevor J.
Published: April 2012

Cannon and Yang (2006) argue that a sedentary winter village based on stored pink and chum salmon began at Namu approximately 7000 B. P. In contrast, we argue that (a) available data support neither a sedentary winter village by that date nor a subsistence focus on stored pink and chum salmon; (b) the timing and ubiquity of salmon exploitation and storage was not as the authors assert; instead, stable, long-term adaptations focused on taxa other than salmon are found elsewhere on the Northwest Coast; and (c) seasonality estimation based on growth increments is a valid methodology.
Rock Shelters as Women's Retreats: Understanding Newt Kash
Authors: Claassen Cheryl
Published: April 2012

This paper provides a cultural context for the cache of early domesticated seeds found in Newt Kash Shelter in eastern Kentucky. Based on the abundant fibers, bedding, nuts, cradleboard, bedrock mortar, shell spoons, abundance of potential medicinal plants, infrequent fauna, and arrangement of pits, Newt Kash may have been a women's retreat place during menstruation, birthing, and sickness, and possibly the meeting place of a medicine society. There are other possible retreat shelters in this region and elsewhere.