bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Receptor Affinity of Polysubstituted Adenosines
Authors: Vittori S. , Camaioni E. , Constanzi S. , Volpini R. , Klotz K.‐N. , Cristalli G.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Polyazamacrocycle‐Nucleoside Conjugates: Synthesis, Anti‐HIV Evaluation and Interaction with CXCR‐4 Coreceptor
Authors: Dessolin Jean , Galea Pascale , Vlieghe Patrick , Chermann Jean‐Claude , Kraus Jean‐Louis
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Constituents of the Fresh Leaves of Aristolochia cucurbitifolia.
Authors: Wu Tian‐Shung , Leu Yann‐Lii , Chan Yu‐Yi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7‐Hydroxy‐6,8‐di‐C‐prenylflavanone.
Authors: Hossain M. Amzad , Salehuddin S. M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Julia Alkenylation Reaction in Vitamin D Synthesis. Isolation of Four Geometrical Isomers of Vitamin D4.
Authors: Blakemore P. R. , Grzywacz P. , Kocienski P. J. , Marczak S. , Wicha J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Topostatin, a Novel Inhibitor of Topoisomerases I and II Produced by Thermomonospora alba Strain No. 1520. Part 3. Inhibitory Properties.
Authors: Suzuki Keitarou , Yamaizumi Masaru , Tateishi Satoshi , Monnai Yutaka , Uyeda Masaru
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Antibiotics Pyrisulfoxin A and B Produced by Streptomyces californicus.
Authors: Tsuge Nobuaki , Furihata Keiko , Shin‐Ya Kazuo , Hayakawa Yoichi , Seto Haruo
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of the 18‐Membered Antitumor Macrolide, Tedanolide. Part 3. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the C1—C12 Part via a Synthesis of the C1—C7 Fragment by a Mismatched but Efficient Sharpless Dihydroxylation and Its Coupling with the C8—C11 Fragment.
Authors: Matsushima Tomohiro , Mori Michiko , Zheng Bao‐Zhong , Maeda Hiroshi , Nakajima Noriyuki , Uenishi Jun‐ichi , Yonemitsu Osamu
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Acetomycin and Design of Esterase‐Resistant Analogues.
Authors: Uenishi Jun'ichi , Kobayashi Naoko , Komine Shiho , Okadai Takeshi , Yonemitsu Osamu , Sasaki Takuma , Yamada Yuji
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Siderophore Vibrioferrin.
Authors: Takeuchi Yasuo , Akiyama Teruaki , Harayama Takashi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonpeptide Arginine Vasopressin Antagonists for Both V1A and V2 Receptors: Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 4′‐[5‐(Substituted Methylidene)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepine‐1‐carbonyl]benzanilide and 4′‐[5‐(Substituted Methyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepine‐1‐carbonyl]benzanilide Derivatives.
Authors: Matsuhisa Akira , Kikuchi Kazumi , Sakamoto Kenichiro , Yatsu Takeyuki , Tanaka Akihiro
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Proposal for an Ammonia Economy
Authors: Steele Robert B.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Characterization of Sintered SmCo5 Magnets
Authors: Talijan N. , Milutinovic‐Nikolic A. , Stajic‐Trosic J. , Jovanovic Z.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Superoxide Ions at Oxide Surfaces
Authors: Anpo Masakazu , Che Michel , Fubini Bice , Garrone Edoardo , Giamello Elio , Paganini Maria Cristina
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Supported Synthesis of Non‐oligomeric Natural Products
Authors: Watson Christine
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Kojic Acid — A New Leading Molecule for a Preparation of Compounds with an Antineoplastic Potential
Authors: Novotny L. , Rauko P. , Abdel‐Hamid M. , Vachalkova A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Synthesis in Medicinal Chemistry: Implications in Drug Discovery and Development
Authors: Smith Julian R.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Endothelium‐Derived Relaxing Factor: Discovery, Early Studies, and Identification as Nitric Oxide (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Furchgott Robert F.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heavy Metal‐Binding Peptides and Proteins in Plants
Authors: Kotrba Pavel , Macek Tomas , Ruml Tomas
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microscale Structural Analysis Based on Circular Dichroism with Enhanced Sensitivity
Authors: Berova Nina , Dong Jian‐Guo , Kawamura Akira , Nakanishi Koji , Rickman Barry
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of RNA from Solid Tumors for RT‐PCR
Authors: Kitlinska Joanna , Wojcierowski Jacek
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR of Liquid Crystals and Micellar Solutions
Authors: Khan Ali
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Nuclear Shielding
Authors: Yamaguchi M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Determination of Copper(II) Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Eriochrome Blue Black R Loaded Amberlite XAD‐1180 Resin
Authors: Şahan Serkan , Şahin Uğur
Published: June 2010

A solid‐phase extraction system for preconcentration and determination of copper in various samples has been proposed. Eriochrome blue black R [1‐(2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphtylazo)‐2‐naphtol‐4‐sulfonic acid] loaded Amberlite XAD‐1180 resin was used as sorbent. Copper(II) ions were sorbed on the column filled with the chelating resin, and the elution of the retained analyte on the column was performed with 1 mol/L nitric acid solution. Analytical parameters were evaluated, and the results indicate that copper can be determined in the pH range of 3.0–10.0. Preconcentration factor was 60 and optimum flow rate of sample was 4.0 mL/min. The detection limit based on the criteria of 3 s was found to be 1.3 µg/L and the relative standard deviation of the method was 3.3% for 2.5 mg/L level of the analyte ion. The adsorption behavior of copper onto Amberlite XAD‐1180 can formally be described by Langmuir equation with a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.90 mg/g. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by analyzing a certified waste water. A good agreement was found between the results and the certified values. This procedure was applied to the determination of copper in river and sea waters, dialysis solutions, and fertilizer samples.
Characterization of Heavy Metals from Banana Farming Soils
Authors: Lin Dian , Ouyang Ying , Huang Cheng He , Huang Dong Yi
Published: June 2010

There is a growing public concern about the contamination of heavy metals in agricultural soils in China due to the increasingly applications of chemical fertilizers and pesticides during the last two decades. This study characterized the variability of heavy metals, including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni), from the banana farming soils in western Hainan Island, China. Five banana farms from different locations in the island were selected to collect 69 mixed‐soil samples in this study. Experimental data showed that concentrations of Cu ranged from 3.38 to 54.52, Zn from 24.0 to 189.8, Pb from 15.98 to 58.42, Cd from 0.43 to 3.21, and Ni from 3.47 to 121.86 mg kg−1 dry wt. In general, concentrations of the heavy metals varied with metal species and changed from location to location, which occurred presumably due to the variations of soil parent materials and to a certain extent due to the use of different types of agrochemicals. Our study further revealed that concentrations of Cu and Zn were higher in the banana farming soils than in the natural (control) soils among all of the five locations, whereas mixed results were observed for Pb, Cd, and Ni in both the banana farming and control soils, depending on the locations. Comparisons of the heavy metal concentrations with the Chinese Soil Quality Standards (CSQSs) showed that Cu, Zn, and Pb contents were lower but Cd and Ni contents were higher in the banana farming soils than the Class II standard of the CSQSs. Results suggested that accumulation of Cu, Zn, and Pb in the soils is safe for banana fruit production, whereas accumulation of Cd and Ni in the same soils could potentially pose threats to banana fruit safety.
Colour appearance rating of familiar real objects
Authors: Smet Kevin , Ryckaert Wouter R. , Pointer Michael R. , Deconinck Geert , Hanselaer Peter
Published: June 2010

The determination of the long‐term memory colours of objects has been the subject of investigation for many years. Colour acceptance boundaries have been determined from the visual assessments of objects under variable illumination or by presenting manipulated images of objects on a calibrated computer display. However, a systematic and quantitative rating of the colour of real objects with respect to memory colour is not available at this moment. In this article, nine familiar real objects with colours distributed around the hue circle were positioned in a specially designed LED illumination box. For each object, approximately hundred real illumination spectra were synthesized in a random order keeping the luminance of the object approximately constant. Observers were asked to rate, on a five‐point scale, the similarity of the perceived object colour to their idea of what the object looked like in reality. By avoiding specular reflections, the observer was unable to identify any clues as to the colour of the illumination. For each object, similarity ratings showed a good intraobserver and interobserver agreement. The ratings of all the observers were pooled and successfully modeled in IPT colour space by a bivariate Gaussian distribution. It was found that the chromaticity corresponding to the highest rating tended to be shifted toward higher chroma in comparison with the chromaticity calculated under D65 illumination. The bivariate distributions could be very useful in applications where the quantitative evaluation of the colour appearance of an object stimulus is required, such as in the evaluation of the colour rendering capabilities of a light source. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 36, 192–200, 2011;
Kinetical study of the nonstoichiometric vapour growth process in the system ZnSe:I2
Authors: Stanculescu A.
Published: June 2010

We have studied the growth of ZnSe crystals by chemical transport in a closed system in nonstoichiometric conditions, and we have deduced that the interface kinetics is the phenomenon limiting the growth process. The effect on the growth process of the deviation from stoichiometry of the II‐VI compound was investigated using a mathematical model that involves indirect data computed from directly obtained experimental values. The experimental crystallization rate was compared with the maximum value of the transport flux calculated using the Arizumi‐Nishinaga model. The influence of the stoichiometry of the source material and of the variations in the growth parameters (supercooling, geometrical dimension, specific loading of the ampoule and iodine concentration) on the ZnSe crystal growth process has also been studied. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Performance evaluation for single‐ and semi‐layer multistage interconnection networks servicing multicast traffic by full multicast operation
Authors: Garofalakis John , Stergiou Eleftherios
Published: June 2010

Here a novel analytical method for performance prediction estimation of single‐ and multi‐layer multistage interconnection networks (MINs) under multicast environments is presented. The ‘Cell Replication While Routing’ is used as a packet routing technique and the ‘full multicast’ mode as transmission policy is employed in all the MINs under study. This model is developed for single‐layer MINs and is extended and applied to special types of multi‐layer MINs, called semi‐layer MINs, which support mixed traffic patterns such as unicast and multicast in uniform traffic conditions. The results confirm the significant performance saturation of single‐layer MINs and the improvement of corresponding performance indicators by semi‐layer MINs. The proposed analytical framework is anticipated to be a very useful tool in evaluating the performance of semi‐layer MINs in designing more efficient QoS networks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A call quality performance measure for handoff algorithms
Authors: Halgamuge M. N. , Vu H. L. , Ramamohanarao K. , Zukerman M.
Published: June 2010

This paper proposes a new approach for performance evaluation and comparison between existing handoff algorithms taking into consideration signal levels, call dropping, and handoff cost. Using the new approach, existing handoff algorithms are then compared in terms of signal quality and number of handoffs required to achieve a desired overall signal quality. We also provide in this paper a method to estimate handoff cost and to optimize handoff sequences for retrial (where repeated call attempts are made after a call is lost) and non‐retrial models based on the proposed approach. We observe that the Threshold with Hysteresis method performs better than other known methods including the one used in the GSM standard. Our results indicate that the Threshold with 4 dB Hysteresis method performs well for urban areas although with a high dropping probability, whereas the Threshold with 6 dB Hysteresis method suits for suburban areas with a low dropping probability. We find that handoff sequences obtained by existing handoff methods are less efficient than the optimal handoff sequence given in the paper by a margin of 29–45% for retrial model, and by 34–77% for non‐retrial model. The paper also suggests some specific parameter values to improve the performance of currently used handoff methods based on our findings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silicone‐induced granulomas and renal failure
Authors: Khan Omer , Sim John J.
Published: June 2010

The use of liquid silicone for soft tissue augmentation has been in practice for the last 40 years. Initially thought to be inert, provoking little local and no systemic response, liquid silicone was extensively used for cosmetic sub‐cutaneous augmentation. With its rampant and unregulated use, however, this substance has become implicated in a variety of adverse reactions, some of which occur months to years after initial exposure. We report the case of a male‐to‐female transsexual patient who had received liquid silicone hip injections for cosmetic augmentation. Years after receiving these injections she developed silicone‐induced granulomas causing hypercalcemia and subsequent renal failure. We discuss the controversy over the use of liquid silicone for soft tissue augmentation. In addition, the pathophysiology of granulomatous disease causing hypercalcemia and treatment options for sili‐cone‐induced granulomas is discussed.
Evidence of interlobular repulsion during branching morphogenesis in mouse salivary glands
Authors: Okamoto Katsuya , Kikuchi‐Handa Tomomi , Nogawa Hiroyuki
Published: June 2010

We developed a culture method for detecting repulsion among epithelial lobules during branching morphogenesis in mouse submandibular glands. Three epithelia were placed at each vertex of an imaginary triangle apart but near enough to meet with one another if each of them expands radially during the culture period. No repulsion was observed following cultivation with neuregulin 1 and lysophosphatidic acid; the epithelia actively branched and nearly contacted one another in the triangle's center. In contrast, strong repulsion was observed among the epithelia cultured with fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), which exhibited less branching and moved away from the center. The localization of DiI‐ (1,1′, di‐octadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′,‐tetramethylindo‐carbocyanine perchlorate) and BrdU‐ (5‐bromodeoxyuridine) labeled cells in the cultures exposed to FGF1 indicated that the cells were unable to move and proliferate in the center. SB431542, an inhibitor of transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) signaling, was unable to abolish this repulsion, suggesting that TGFβs will not probably act as repellants in this case. Developmental Dynamics 239:2208–2218, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A servo system of AC motor based on voltage modulation fitting for FPGA and consideration of voltage saturation
Authors: Takahashi Kenji , Kanmachi Toshiyuki , Ohishi Kiyoshi
Published: June 2010

This paper proposes a space voltage vector modulation (SVM) method for a speed servo system to obtain a quick current response. The proposed SVM method shortens the control lag time of the conventional SVM inverter. In addition, this proposed method is easily implemented in hardware using an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) because the proposed SVM equations are transformed into expressions that hardly need multiplication. By using the proposed SVM method, the servo system realizes quick and stable current control with wide bandwidth. Moreover, by using PI controllers considering the voltage saturation and the torque limiter to the speed servo system, the servo system carries out stable speed control on voltage saturation. Both the proposed SVM method and the PI controllers considering voltage saturation are applied to the speed servo system of a vector controlled induction motor. The effectiveness of both the proposed SVM method and the PI controllers considering voltage saturation is verified by the experimental results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 173(1): 60–68, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20989
Lightning surge characteristics of an actual distribution line and validation of a distribution line model for lightning overvoltage studies
Authors: Matsuura Susumu , Noda Taku , Asakawa Akira , Yokoyama Shigeru
Published: June 2010

For distribution lines in Japan, protection measures against lightning‐induced overvoltages have been taken and can be considered almost complete. The focus of lightning protection measures has moved to overvoltages due to direct lightning strokes. Studies of such overvoltages require simulations using the EMTP (Electro‐Magnetic Transients Program), and components of a distribution line must be modeled appropriately in the EMTP simulation environment. The authors have proposed an EMTP model of a distribution line in a separate paper. This paper consists of two parts. The first part presents surge characteristics of a distribution line obtained by measurement using an actual‐scale test distribution line. In particular, the result reveals noteworthy characteristics of the surge impedance of a reinforced concrete pole and the wavefront‐time dependence of insulator voltages. The second part presents a validation of the distribution line model previously proposed by the authors. The validation shows that the distribution line model accurately reproduces the measured voltage and current waveforms for various wavefront times of the injected currents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 173(1): 1–10, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21002
Efficient power regeneration and drive of an induction motor by means of optimal torque derived by the variational method
Authors: Inoue Kaoru , Ogata Kenji , Kato Toshiji
Published: June 2010

When the motor speed is reduced by using a regenerative brake, the mechanical energy of rotation is converted to electrical energy. When the regenerative torque is large, the corresponding current increases so that the copper loss also becomes large. On the other hand, the damping effect of rotation increases with time when the regenerative torque is small. In order to use this limited energy effectively, the optimal regenerative torque should be ascertained in order to maximize the regeneration of electrical energy. This paper proposes a methodology, based on the variational method, for the design of regenerative torque for an induction motor in order to maximize the regenerative electric energy. Similarly, the optimal torque for acceleration is derived in order to minimize the driving energy. Finally, an efficient motor drive system with the proposed optimal torque and a power storage system stabilizing the DC link voltage will be proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is illustrated by simulations and experiments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 173(1): 41–50, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21010
Probabilistic signal shaping in MIMO OFDM via successive candidate generation
Authors: Fischer Robert F. H. , Siegl Christian
Published: June 2010

In this paper, the recently introduced method of channel‐coding‐based peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAR) reduction is further developed. On the one hand, not only PAR is considered, but a broad class of signal parameters to be optimised is treated by defining a respective metric to be minimised. On the other hand, the candidate generation and assessment is done successively. If a given tolerable metric limit is met the procedure stops. Analytical expressions for the average number of tested candidates and the achieved performance are derived. Critical metric values, as generalisation of the ‘critical’ PAR value ξ = log(D), where D is the number of carriers, are defined. The theoretical statements are covered by means of numerical simulations using either PAR or cubic metric as desired signal parameter. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of a monitoring and evaluation system in disaster recovery: Learning from the Katrina Aid Today National Case Management Consortium
Authors: Janis Amanda , Stiefel Kelly M. , Carbullido Celine C.
Published: June 2010

Based on their personal experience and reflections, the authors describe and analyze the monitoring and evaluation system employed by Katrina Aid Today (KAT), a program created by a consortium of partner agencies to provide disaster recovery case management services throughout the United States. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina devastated communities along the U.S. Gulf Coast and displaced scores of people on a scale previously unknown in the United States. The authors' reflections on the KAT model provide suggestions for future evaluations of disaster case management. The need for flexibility in disaster recovery, monitoring and evaluation program design, critical aspects for implementing and adapting an interagency monitoring and evaluation system, evolving interagency data collection, developing outcome measures, and emphasizing program evaluation in disaster recovery are discussed. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Evaluating disaster education: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's TsunamiReady™ community program and risk awareness education efforts in New Hanover County, North Carolina
Authors: Horan Jennifer , Ritchie Liesel Ashley , Meinhold Stephen , Gill Duane A. , Houghton Bruce F. , Gregg Chris E. , Matheson Tom , Paton Douglas , Johnston David
Published: June 2010

This chapter describes the evaluation of the TsunamiReady™‐based educational materials distributed in New Hanover County, North Carolina. The authors evaluate whether educational materials about tsunami risk increased the perception of hazard risk, information, knowledge, and preparedness behaviors. There are three main findings. First, local knowledge of regional hazards remains a strong predictor of changes in attitudes and behavior. Second, educational materials about unlikely hazards have only a moderate impact. Third, information seeking and preparedness behavior is a function of general psychological attributes such as personal risk calculations. The authors argue that a community's hazard experiences and the frequency and severity of hazard events play an important role in receptiveness to educational efforts as well as disaster preparedness. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Disasters, crises, and unique populations: Suggestions for survey research
Authors: Spence Patric R. , Lachlan Kenneth A.
Published: June 2010

Methodological and data‐analysis challenges for evaluators working in disaster and crisis contexts are discussed. Crises are, by definition, unexpected, nonroutine occurrences that create conditions unfavorable to traditional methods of data collection. The inherently novel nature of disasters and large‐scale crises, coupled with their unpredictability, often makes data collection difficult at best. Given the methodological limitations imposed by the conditions surrounding disasters, researchers and evaluators are often criticized for methodological decisions concerning data collection, randomization, and generalizability. This chapter addresses issues of data collection, randomization and data analysis in disaster research, outlining the difficulties of randomization, problems stemming from the absence of randomization, and potential solutions to these problems. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
The longitudinal nonparametric test as a new tool to explore gene‐gene and gene‐time effects in cohorts
Authors: Malzahn D. , Schillert A. , Müller M. , Bickeböller H.
Published: June 2010

Current approaches for analysis of longitudinal genetic epidemiological data of quantitative traits are typically restricted to normality assumptions of the trait. We introduce the longitudinal nonparametric test (LNPT) for cohorts with quantitative follow‐up data to test for overall main effects of genes and for gene‐gene and gene‐time interactions. The LNPT is a rank procedure and does not depend on normality assumptions of the trait. We demonstrate by simulations that the LNPT is powerful, keeps the type‐1 error level, and has very good small sample size behavior. For phenotypes with normal residuals, loss of power compared to parametric approaches (linear mixed models) was small for the quite general scenarios, which we simulated. For phenotypes with non‐normal residuals, gain in power by the LNPT can be substantial. In contrast to parametric approaches, the LNPT is invariant with respect to monotone transformations of the trait. It is mathematically valid for arbitrary trait distribution. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 469‒478, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BMI1 silencing enhances docetaxel activity and impairs antioxidant response in prostate cancer
Authors: Crea Francesco , Duhagon Serrat Maria A. , Hurt Elaine M. , Thomas Suneetha B. , Danesi Romano , Farrar William L.
Published: June 2010

The BMI1 oncogene promotes prostate cancer (PC) progression. High B‐cell‐specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) expression predicts poor prognosis in PC patients. Recent evidence suggests that BMI1 may also play a role in docetaxel chemoresistance. However, mechanisms and clinical significance of BMI1‐related chemoresistance have not been investigated. For this purpose, BMI1 was silenced in 2 PC cell lines (LNCaP and DU 145). Cell proliferation and apoptosis after docetaxel treatment were measured. Guanine oxidation was assessed by in‐cell western. Global gene expression analysis was performed on BMI1 silenced cells. Oncomine database was used to compare in vitro data with gene expression in PC samples. BMI1 silencing had no effect on cell proliferation but significantly enhanced docetaxel‐induced antitumor activity. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that BMI1 silencing downregulates a set of antioxidant genes. Docetaxel treatment increased guanine oxidation, whereas the antioxidant N‐acetyl cysteine rescued docetaxel‐induced cell death. Examination of clinical datasets revealed a positive correlation of BMI1 and antioxidant gene expression. BMI1‐controlled antioxidant genes were predictive of poor prognosis in PC patients. In conclusion, BMI1 enhances antioxidant response, thereby allowing PC survival after docetaxel‐based chemotherapy. BMI1‐controlled antioxidant genes are overexpressed in aggressive PC and should be tested as predictors of chemotherapy failure.
Skeletal microstructural abnormalities in postmenopausal women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kulak Carolina AM , Borba Victoria C , Jorgetti Vanda , dos Reis Luciene M , Liu Xiaowei S , Kimmel Donald B , Kulak Jaime , Rabelo Leda M , Zhou Hua , Guo X Edward , Bilezikian John P , Boguszewski Cesar L , Dempster David W
Published: June 2010

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with osteoporosis and fragility fractures. The objectives of this study were to assess static and dynamic indices of cancellous and cortical bone structure in postmenopausal women with COPD. Twenty women with COPD who had not received chronic oral glucocorticoids underwent bone biopsies after double tetracycline labeling. Biopsies were analyzed by histomorphometry and µCT and compared with age-matched controls. Distribution of the patients according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) was: Type I (15%), Type II (40%), Type III (30%), and Type IV (15%). Mean (±SD) cancellous bone volume (15.20 ± 5.91 versus 21.34 ± 5.53%, p = .01), trabecular number (1.31  ±  0.26 versus 1.77 ± 0.51/mm, p = .003), and trabecular thickness (141 ± 23 versus 174 ± 36 µm, p = .006) were lower in patients than in controls. Connectivity density was lower in COPD (5.56 ± 2.78 versus 7.94 ± 3.08/mm, p = .04), and correlated negatively with smoking (r = −0.67; p = .0005). Trabecular separation (785 ± 183 versus 614 ± 136 µm, p = .01) and cortical porosity (4.11 ± 1.02 versus 2.32 ± 0.94 voids/mm2; p < .0001) were higher in COPD while cortical width (458 ± 214 versus 762 ± 240 µm; p < .0001) was lower. Dynamic parameters showed significantly lower mineral apposition rate in COPD (0.56 ± 0.16 versus 0.66 ± 0.12 µm/day; p = .01). Patients with more severe disease, GOLD III and IV, presented lower bone formation rate than GOLD I and II (0.028 ± 0.009 versus 0.016 + 0.011 µm3/µm2/day; p = 04). This is the first evaluation of bone microstructure and remodeling in COPD. The skeletal abnormalities seen in cancellous and cortical bone provide an explanation for the high prevalence of vertebral fractures in this disease. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Nonablative neonatal bone marrow transplantation rapidly reverses severe murine osteopetrosis despite low-level engraftment and lack of selective expansion of the osteoclastic lineage
Authors: Flores Carmen , de Vries Teun J , Moscatelli Ilana , Askmyr Maria , Schoenmaker Ton , Langenbach Geerling EJ , Ehinger Mats , Everts Vincent , Richter Johan
Published: June 2010

Infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO) is caused by lack of functional osteoclasts leading to skeletal abnormalities, blindness owing to compression of the optic nerves, bone marrow (BM) failure, and early death. In most patients, TCIRG1, a proton pump subunit essential for bone resorption, is mutated. oc/oc mice represent a model for IMO owing to a deletion in Tcirg1 and die around 4 weeks of age. To determine if hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without prior conditioning can reverse osteopetrosis, neonatal mice were transplanted intravenously with lineage-depleted BM cells. More than 85% of oc/oc mice transplanted with 5 × 106 cells survived long term with an engraftment of 3% to 5% in peripheral blood (PB). At 3 weeks, engraftment in the BM was 1% to 2%, but the cellularity had increased 60-fold compared with untreated oc/oc mice, and RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) expression in the BM was normalized. Histopathology and micro–computed tomography revealed almost complete reversal of osteopetrosis after 4 weeks. In vitro studies showed that bone resorption by osteoclasts from transplanted oc/oc mice was 14% of transplanted controls, and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that resorption was mainly associated with osteoclasts of donor origin. Lineage analysis of BM, PB, and spleen did not provide any evidence for selective recruitment of cells to the osteoclastic lineage. The vision also was preserved in transplanted oc/oc mice, as determined by a visual tracking drum test. In summary, nonablative neonatal transplantation leading to engraftment of only a small fraction of normal cells rapidly reverses severe osteopetrosis in the oc/oc mouse model. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
HNF1α and CDX2 transcriptional factors bind to cadherin‐17 (CDH17) gene promoter and modulate its expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Rui , Wong Kwong‐Fai , Lee Nikki P.Y. , Lee Kai‐Fai , Luk John M.C.
Published: June 2010

Cadherin‐17 (CDH17) belongs to the cell adhesion cadherin family with a prominent role in tumorigenesis. It is highly expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is proposed to be a biomarker and therapeutic molecule for liver malignancy. The present study aims to identify the transcription factors which interact and regulate CDH17 promoter activity that might contribute to the up‐regulation of CDH17 gene in human HCC. A 1‐kb upstream sequence of CDH17 gene was cloned and the promoter activity was studied by luciferase reporter assay. By bioinformatics analysis, deletion and mutation assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies, we identified hepatic nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) and caudal‐related homeobox 2 (CDX2) binding sites at the proximal promoter region which modulate the CDH17 promoter activities in two HCC cell lines (Hep3B and MHCC97L). A consistent down‐regulation of CDH17 and the two transcriptional activators (HNF1α and CDX2) expression was found in the liver of mouse during development, as well as in human liver cancer cells with less metastatic potential. Suppression of HNF1α and CDX2 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly down‐regulated expressions of CDH17 and its downstream target cyclin D1 and the viability of HCC cells in vitro. In summary, we identified the minimal promoter region of CDH17 that is regulated by HNF1α and CDX2 transcriptional factors. The present findings enhance our understanding on the regulatory mechanisms of CDH17 oncogene in HCC, and may shed new insights into targeting CDH17 expression as potential therapeutic intervention for cancer treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 618–626, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inward rectifier potassium channels in the HL‐1 cardiomyocyte‐derived cell line
Authors: Goldoni Dana , Zhao YouYou , Green Brian D. , McDermott Barbara J. , Collins Anthony
Published: June 2010

HL‐1 is a line of immortalized cells of cardiomyocyte origin that are a useful complement to native cardiomyocytes in studies of cardiac gene regulation. Several types of ion channel have been identified in these cells, but not the physiologically important inward rectifier K+ channels. Our aim was to identify and characterize inward rectifier K+ channels in HL‐1 cells. External Ba2+ (100 µM) inhibited 44 ± 0.05% (mean ± s.e.m., n = 11) of inward current in whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings. The reversal potential of the Ba2+‐sensitive current shifted with external [K+] as expected for K+‐selective channels. The slope conductance of the inward Ba2+‐sensitive current increased with external [K+]. The apparent Kd for Ba2+ was voltage dependent, ranging from 15 µM at −150 mV to 148 µM at −75 mV in 120 mM external K+. This current was insensitive to 10 µM glybenclamide. A component of whole‐cell current was sensitive to 150 µM 4,4′‐diisothiocyanatostilbene‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid (DIDS), although it did not correspond to the Ba2+‐sensitive component. The effect of external 1 mM Cs+ was similar to that of Ba2+. Polymerase chain reaction using HL‐1 cDNA as template and primers specific for the cardiac inward rectifier Kir2.1 produced a fragment of the expected size that was confirmed to be Kir2.1 by DNA sequencing. In conclusion, HL‐1 cells express a current that is characteristic of cardiac inward rectifier K+ channels, and express Kir2.1 mRNA. This cell line may have use as a system for studying inward rectifier gene regulation in a cardiomyocyte phenotype. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 751–756, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The nuclear genes Mtfr1 and Dufd1 regulate mitochondrial dynamic and cellular respiration
Authors: Monticone Massimiliano , Panfoli Isabella , Ravera Silvia , Puglisi Rossella , Jiang Ming‐Ming , Morello Roy , Candiani Simona , Tonachini Laura , Biticchi Roberta , Fabiano Andrea , Cancedda Ranieri , Boitani Carla , Castagnola Patrizio
Published: June 2010

Dufd1 (DUF729 domain containing 1) is related to Mtfr1 (mitochondrial fission regulator 1), a gene involved in the regulation of antioxidant activity in the mouse testis. The present study was undertaken to better understand their role in regulating mitochondrial architecture and function in the mouse. We show that Dufd1 is expressed as a 2 kb mRNA and has a more specific tissue pattern compared to Mtfr1, with highest level of expression in testes, lower level in spleen, and negligible levels in other organs and/or tissues. In the male gonad, Dufd1 mRNA expression increases during postnatal development, similarly to Mtfr1. In situ hybridization and real‐time PCR analyses show that Dufd1 is expressed in the seminiferous tubules by middle‐late pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids. In transfected cells, the Dufd1‐tagged protein is located in mitochondria, associated with the tips of mitochondrial tubules and to tubules constrictions, and induces mitochondrial fission although with a lesser efficiency than Mtfr1. We also found that both endogenous Dufd1 and Mtfr1 proteins are associated with membrane‐enriched subcellular fractions, including mitochondria. Inhibition of Mtfr1 and/or Dufd1 expression, in a testicular germ cells line, severely impairs O2 consumption and indicates that both genes are required for mitochondrial respiration. Accordingly, analysis of testes mitochondria from Mtfr1‐deficient mice reveals severely reduced O2 consumption and ATP synthesis compared to wt animals. These data show that, in murine testis, Dufd1 and Mtfr1 have redundant functions related to mitochondrial physiology and represent genes with a potential role in testicular function. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 767–776, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The first synthesis of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐(polyfluoroalkyl)chromones and their ammonium salts. 3‐hydroxychromone in the Mannich reaction
Authors: Irgashev Roman A. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya. , Sokovnina Anna A. , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker
Published: June 2010

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3‐Hydroxy‐2‐(polyfluoroalkyl)chromones were obtained in good yields via the nitrozation reaction of 2‐(polyfluoroalkyl)chroman‐4‐ones with isopropyl nitrite in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Treatment of 3‐acetoxy‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)chromone with primary amines and hydrazine gave the corresponding ammonium salts. Reaction of 3‐hydroxychromone, prepared by this method, with formaldehyde and α‐aminoacids has been studied. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
One‐pot synthesis of 2,3‐dihydro‐2‐thioxoquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones from nitro‐compounds with the aid of tin(II) chloride
Authors: Wang Man‐Man , Dou Guo‐Lan , Shi Da‐Qing
Published: June 2010

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A facile synthetic method using SnCl2·2H2O system to promote the novel reductive cyclization of 2‐nitrobenzamides and isothiocyanates is described. Sequentially, a series of 2,3‐dihydro‐2‐thioxoquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones were synthesized in good yields. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
One‐pot synthesis of new spiro[cyclopropane‐1,3′‐[3H]indol]‐2′(1′H)‐ones from 3‐phenacylideneoxindoles
Authors: Shaabanzadeh Masoud , Khabari Faranak
Published: June 2010

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In a one‐pot procedure, the 3‐phenacylideneoxindoles 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d were reacted with hydrazine and then in situ with lead(IV) acetate and new diastereoisomers of spiro[cyclopropane‐1,3′‐[3H]indol]‐2′(1′H)‐ones were prepared. Compounds 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d underwent a highly diastereoselective cyclopropanation leading to diastereoisomers 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. These new compounds containing both 2‐oxindole and cyclopropane moieties may be valuable in medicinal chemistry. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Sustaining relationships between communities and local health systems: Two Iranian villages
Authors: Sheikhattari Payam , Burke Jessica G. , O'Keefe Anne Marie , Bazargan‐Hejazi Shahrzad
Published: June 2010

The ability of health systems to positively affect the health and well‐being of communities will be limited if the systems fail to address the crucial role and dynamic nature of communities and ignore key community members and existing institutions. Without a custom for input or an infrastructure for collaboration between individual and institutional community assets and their local health systems, health interventions can lead to failure, duplication or interference with existing health‐related activities. This paper examines the roles of community leaders and institutions in two remote Iranian villages and makes recommendations for improving and sustaining participatory relationships between local communities and their health systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.