bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respiratory rehabilitation for patients with COVID-19 infection and chronic respiratory failure: a real-life retrospective study by a Lombard network
Authors: Vitacca Michele , Salvi Beatrice , Lazzeri Marta , Zampogna Elisabetta , Piaggi Giancarlo , Ceriana Piero , Cirio Serena , Rizzello Luigino , Lacala Grazia , Longoni Angelo , Galimberti Vittoria , D'Ambrosio Patrizia , Pavesi Enrica , La  Piana Giuseppe , Sanniti Antonella , Morandi Alessandro , Vallet Manoel , Paneroni Mara
Published: December 2021

The Lombardy region has been one of the areas most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic since the first months of 2020, providing real-life experiences in the acute phase. It is unclear how the respiratory rehabilitation network responded to this emergency. The aims of this retrospective study were: i) to analyze clinical, functional, and disability data at admission; ii) describe assessment tools and rehabilitative programs; iii) evaluate improvement after rehabilitation. The study was conducted on data collected from ten pulmonary rehabilitation centers in Lombardy, between the period of March 1st 2020 to March 1st 2021, in patients with respiratory failure recovering from COVID-19 both at admission and discharge. The study included demographics, comorbidities, nutritional status, risk of falls, disability status (Barthel index; Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); 6 minutes walking test (6MWT), symptoms (dyspnoea with Barthel Dyspnoea and MRC Dyspnoea Scale), length of stay, discharge destination, need for mechanical ventilation, respiratory function, assessment/outcomes indices, and prescribed rehabilitative programs. 413 patients were analyzed. Length of stay in acute and rehabilitative units was less than 30 days. Fifty % of patients used non-invasive ventilation during their stay. Functional status was mildly compromised for forced volumes and oxygenation, while severely compromised for diffusion capacity. Independency was low while physical performance status very low.  At discharge, 318 (77%) patients were sent home, 83 (20.1%) were transferred to an acute unit and 12 (2.9%) passed away. Barthel Index and 6MWT were the most used, while MRC score was the least used outcome parameter. The 5 main rehabilitative activities were walking (90.8 %), transfer from bed to armchair (77.5%), limb mobilization in bed (76%), balance (71.2%), and cycle-ergometer or treadmill (43.1%). A huge difference was found in admission, discharge, and delta change among different rehabilitative centers. When available, all outcomes showed a significant improvement. With the limitation of a retrospective study with a clear amount of missing data, COVID-19 subjects admitted to rehabilitative centers presented a reduced physical performance, symptoms of dyspnoea, and severe disability. The 6MWT and Barthel index were the most used measurement.
Role of interluekin-6 and insulin resistance as screening markers for metabolic syndrome in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: Dogra Manu , Jaggi Surabhi , Aggarwal Deepak , Gupta Seema , Saini Varinder , Kaur Jasbinder
Published: December 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is usually associated with a variety of extra-pulmonary manifestations. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one such entity that has been scarcely studied in Indian patients. Availability of a good screening marker may help in timely detection of this co morbidity in COPD patients. We conducted a cross sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of MetS among COPD patients and to evaluate the role of Interleukin-6 and insulin resistance (as measured by HOMA-IR) as screening markers for MetS in COPD. A total of 100 stable COPD patients were evaluated for MetS using US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (2005) guidelines. Interleukin-6 and HOMA-IR (for insulin resistance) were measured and compared between COPD patients with and without MetS. ROC analysis was done to find the best cut-off value and sensitivity and specificity of both the molecules in detecting MetS. In the results, the mean age of the study cohort was 59.9+8.7yrs (males=93). Forty five COPD patients (45%) fulfilled the criteria for MetS. Patients with MetS were comparatively younger (57.9+9.5 v/s 61.6+7.8 years; p=0.037) but had longer duration of preceding COPD (9.9+2.8 v/s 6.0+2.2 years; p<0.001) as compared to those without MetS. Both IL-6 and HOMA index were statistically higher (p<0.05) in COPD–MetS patients as compared to the other group. At cutoff value of 36.3 pg/ml for IL-6 and 1.61 for HOMA index, IL-6 and HOMA-IR had sensitivity 91.1% and 82.2% respectively in detecting MetS among COPD patients. To conclude, metabolic syndrome is a common comorbidity seen in COPD patients. Interleukin-6 has a better sensitivity than HOMA-IR in screening MetS among COPD patients.
Age- and Sex-Specific Joint Biomechanics in Response to Partial and Complete Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in the Porcine Model
Authors: Howe Danielle , Cone Stephanie G. , Piedrahita Jorge A. , Spang Jeffrey T. , Fisher Matthew B.
Published: December 2021

Context

Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates are increasing and are highest in female adolescents. Complete ACL tears are typically surgically reconstructed, but few guidelines and very limited data exist regarding the need for surgical reconstruction or rehabilitation for partial ACL tears in skeletally immature patients.

Objective

To evaluate the effects of partial (anteromedial bundle) and complete ACL transection on joint laxity and tissue forces under anterior and rotational loads in male and female stifle joints throughout skeletal growth in the porcine model.

Design

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

We studied 60 male and female Yorkshire crossbreed pigs aged 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 18 months (n = 6 pigs per age per sex).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Joint laxity was measured in intact, anteromedial bundle-transected, and ACL-transected joints under applied anterior-posterior drawer and varus-valgus torque using a robotic testing system. Loading of the soft tissues in the stifle joint was measured under each condition.

Results

Anterior-posterior joint laxity increased by 13% to 50% (P < .05) after anteromedial bundle transection and 75% to 178% (P < .05) after ACL transection. Destabilization after anteromedial bundle transection increased with age (P < .05) and was greater in late female than late male adolescents (P < .05). In anteromedial bundle-transected joints, the posterolateral bundle resisted the anterior load. In ACL-transected joints, the medial collateral ligament (MCL) contribution was largest, followed by the medial meniscus. The MCL contribution was larger and the medial meniscus contribution was smaller in male versus female specimens.

Conclusions

Partial ACL transection resulted in moderate increases in joint laxity, with the remaining bundle performing the primary ACL function. Destabilization due to partial ACL transection (anteromedial bundle) was largest in late adolescent joints, indicating that operative treatment should be considered in active, late-adolescent patients with this injury. Increased forces on the MCL and medial meniscus after ACL transection suggested that rehabilitation protocols may need to focus on protecting these tissues.
Socio-ecological determinants of dengue prevention practices
Authors: Kamaruddin N.I.K. , Said Salmiah Md , Shahar H. Kadir , Lim P. Y.
Published: December 2021

Objective:

To determine the level of dengue prevention practices among wet market traders in a Malaysian district and their associated socio-ecological factors including individual, relationships, community and societal factors.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study involving 246 wet market traders was conducted in a district in Perak state in northwest Malaysia between September 2018 to June 2019. Participants were selected through stratified sampling from four wet markets in Hilir Perak district. Data on dengue prevention practices and associated socio-ecological characteristics were collected using a validated interview-based questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify socio-ecological determinants of dengue prevention practices among wet market traders in Hilir Perak District.

Results:

From the total number of respondents, 78% had high dengue prevention practices. Higher dengue prevention practices were associated with owners of wet market shoplots compared to employed workers (adjusted OR 4.18, 95% CI 1.78, 9.85), high perceived susceptibility (adjusted OR 6.93, 95% CI 3.02, 15.92), high familial support (adjusted OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.25, 10.64), and high perceived dengue prevention and control laws and regulations (adjusted OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.44, 7.32).

Conclusions:

Dengue prevention practices were associated not only with individual determinants but also with other determinants from relationships to societal level which must be considered in planning or evaluating current dengue control programs.
Calcified angioleiomyoma – Histopathologic and ultrasonographic analysis of the calcification process
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Hsiu , Izumi Miki , Nakatani Yukio , Ohara Kuniaki
Published: December 2021

Historically, angioleiomyoma is a subtype of leiomyoma that comprises about 4%–5% of all benign soft tissue tumors, and calcifications occur in 2%–3% of them. Because of the very low incidence of calcifications, their mechanism of formation is still unknown. In this article, we present the five cases of angioleiomyomas with calcification and discuss the ultrasonographic features in three of those cases. In general, from the aspect of ultrasonography, angioleiomyomas are recognized as hypoechogenic homogenous structures with peritumoral or intratumoral vascularity. However, our cases revealed heterogeneity or hyperechogenicity in inclusions, which has never been reported before. Histologically, calcifications were found not only under the dystrophic pathway which were considered in the past literature but also have the possibility under the metastatic pathway. According to our findings, we also classified the ultrasonographic patterns into three patterns according to the progression and distribution of calcifications. This is the first report to identify the location and possible pathways of calcifications and to classify the ultrasonographic features of calcified angioleiomyomas.
Duration of presurgical orthodontic treatment in individuals with nonsyndromic oral clefts undergoing orthognathic surgery
Authors: Gutierrez Arturo Medrano , da Silva Dalben Gisele , Yaedú Renato Yassutaka Faria
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Evaluating the length of orthodontic-surgical treatment is a key factor to properly inform and guide the patient about the duration of treatment and consequently achieve agreement and adherence to treatment, as well as for health-care institutions that sponsor this type of treatment.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to investigate the duration of orthodontic treatment before orthognathic surgery, in patients with nonsyndromic oral clefts, as well as the number of consultations required for that purpose.

Materials and Methods:

This was an observational, retrospective, descriptive study conducted on data obtained from the patients' medical records. The study analyzed 485 medical records and, after applying the inclusion criteria, the sample included 227 medical records. All data were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet for calculation of means and standard deviations (SDs), for the time period analyzed.

Results:

The time for orthodontic preparation was 8.2 years with a range of attendance from 1 to 130 visits and a mean of 37 visits (SD ± 24).

Conclusion:

The results suggest that there is a longer time than reported in the literature for orthodontic preparation for orthognathic surgery, which could contribute to the increase in total time for orthodontic-surgical treatment.
Repair of Primary Bilateral cleft Lip
Authors: Narayanan Puthucode V.
Published: December 2021

Bilateral cleft lips have traditionally been a challenge to repair and the results have not been very favorable. However, advances in the recent past in the understanding of the nature of the deformity, especially the nasal component have brought a revolutionary change in the approach to these patients, with remarkable improvement in the outcome. The management of the premaxilla and its alignment with the maxillary shelves presurgically is crucial for the optimal treatment of such patients. The treatment protocol and technique followed at our center are described. It is a modification of the Mulliken technique. The philtrum is designed to be small in keeping with its rapid growth potential. The philtral flap is raised and the orbicularis oris muscles from the two sides are mobilized and brought together in the mid-line. Adequate mobilization of the muscles is necessary to avoid closure under tension. The evolution of the concept of primary rhinoplasty is described. The technique of preschool columellar lengthening and open rhinoplasty that is followed at our center is described. Unfavorable results include scarring, dehiscence, and central vermillion deficiency.
Integrating dental care as a protocol in the management of children with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Moghe Gayatri , Bindra Sukhvinder
Published: December 2021

Children born with cleft lip/palate need regular dental care from birth till adulthood. Special feeding requirements, maintenance of oral hygiene, prevention and treatment of dental disease are essential components of oral healthcare provided by dental health care personnel. Malaligned teeth and dental anomalies should be addressed by orthodontics, guided by the developmental stage of the child. For the unmet need of dental care to be mitigated, it is essential that the core and coordinating teams be aware of the need for regular dental care visits. Each team needs to formulate sustainable oral health policies in their management protocol.
Nutritional needs of cleft lip and palate child
Authors: Singhal Meera
Published: December 2021

Children with cleft lip and palate often suffer from nutritional deficiencies and subsequent growth problems, both of which are largely attributed to feeding difficulties due to the structural defect as well as the numerous surgical procedures that they undergo. The aim of this review article is to assess the nutritional needs of such children and to emphasize the role of nutrition in their long-term growth and development along with parental education on nutrition and various alternative feeding practices as an important aspect in the management of cleft lip and palate which may otherwise be overlooked. For this review, various articles on cleft lip and palate from plastic surgery to dental surgery journals were studied and more articles were based on subsequent bibliographic reviews of the above. It was concluded that to achieve optimal health in these children, the dietary changes required per day were minuscule. Rather, it is the delivery method of breast milk or formula which often needs to be changed to reduce effort and resultant caloric loss by the newborn, indirectly boosting the caloric intake and resultant weight gain and growth.
A chronic case of Bell's palsy and its management through Ayurveda
Authors: Patel Preeti , Jena Swarnakant , Bhatted Santosh K. , Dharmarajan Prasanth
Published: December 2021

Background:

Bell's palsy is an acute idiopathic condition that develops due to peripheral facial nerve paralysis of sudden onset, usually affecting the face by temporary weakness or paralysis of the face. With various aetiologies (infection, trauma, ischemia, or inflammation) affecting the seventh cranial nerve are the pathogenesis to originating the symptoms of Bells's palsy. According to Ayurveda, this condition can be correlated with Ardita Vata, which is described under the umbrella of Vatavyadhi Chikitsa.

Aim and Objectives:

The study has been documented to evaluate the efficacy of Panchakarma procedures along with Shamana Aushadhi (oral medication) in the management of a patient with chronic Bell's palsy.

Settings:

A 1-year-old chronic case of Bell's palsy was managed in out patient department-based Panchakarma treatment at AIIA, New Delhi, and the patient was assessed both before and after the given treatment.

Treatment Plan:

The patient was administered Mukhabhyanga (massage on face) with Asana Bilwadi Taila, Nadi Sweda (sudation) with Dashamoola Ksheer Dhooma, Nasya (transnasal medication) with Avartita Ksheerbala Taila in Arohana Matra (increasing dose), and Kavala (Gargling) with Saindhavadi Taila and Irimedadi Taila for 14 days along with Shamana medication for one month.

Result:

Marked improvement was observed on the basis of House–Brackmann scale; continuous teardrops from the eye were completely stopped. After 15 days of treatment, the scale was reduced from IV to III, and then II, I, respectively after the 30th day and 60th day during the follow-up.

Conclusion:

This case showed promising and quick results of Ayurveda treatment by considering aspects of Vatavyadhi, specifically Ardita Vata, even after 1 year of chronicity without showing any complications.
Gastric Teratoma in Infant
Authors: Islam K. M. Didarul , Alam Shoheli , Shirish Silwal , Mahammad Noor , Munmun Umme Habiba Dilshad
Published: December 2021

Gastric teratomas (GTs) are very rare tumors in children. They usually present with a palpable mass in the upper abdomen. We report a case of GT in a 4-month-old male infant who was presented with a palpable central abdominal mass. Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a huge mass with heterogenous consistency and scattered calcification within the mass, extending from epigastric to hypogastric region. His biochemical marker of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was raised (1277 ng/mL). The preoperative clinical diagnosis was suspected teratoma but not specifically gastric one. On laparotomy, the mass was found to be attached with the greater curvature of the stomach and it was excised completely with all layers of the attached part of the greater curvature of the stomach wall. Histopathology confirmed it was a grade-I immature GT. The rarity of the origin of teratoma in addition to its immature variety prompted us to report the case.
Prevalence and Outcome of Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Children in a Critical Care Nephrology Unit
Authors: Afroz Shireen , Ferdaus Tahmina , Yasmin Farhana , Tanjila Umme , Baroi Sukriti
Published: December 2021

Background:

This prospective observational study was conducted to see the prevalence, etiology, clinical profile, and immediate outcome of community-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) in a pediatric critical care nephrology setup in Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods:

The prevalence, etiology, outcome, and fatality predictors of critically ill children with AKI, aged 5 days to 17 years from January 2016 to June 2018 were studied at Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Bangladesh. AKIN criteria were used to screen AKI. They were given supportive care and dialysis.

Results:

The prevalence of AKI among 725 patients was 61%. All the AKI cases were at AKIN stage III. Pre-renal cause accounted for 63%, renal 19% and post-renal 18%. The most common etiology of pre-renal AKI was post-diarrheal hypovolemia (50%), renal cause of AKI includes glomerulonephritis (45%) and among post-renal cause posterior urethral valves was 78%. Hypovolemia and shock were found in 12% of cases. Congestive cardiac failure (10%), hypertensive crisis (7%), severe hypernatremia (24%), severe metabolic acidosis (11%), and dialysis requirement (76%) were found to be associated with the worst outcome. Fifty-one percent improved with normal renal function. Of 441 AKI cases, 201 (46%) improved and among them 102 (51%) regained with normal renal functions. Approximately 99 (49%) with partial renal recovery and most (41) of them were due to renal cause of AKI. The overall worst outcome was observed in 54% and mortality in 40%. The highest mortality was found among neonates (60%) and infants (41%). Glasgow coma scale was <3 in 16% cases. Need for mechanical ventilation (11%) and longer hospital stay >30 days (9%) were the important predictors of fatality in AKI.

Conclusion:

Higher prevalence of severe AKI was associated with high mortality in neonates and infants in critical-care setup. Longer hospital stay and need for dialysis and mechanical ventilator predicted worst outcome.
Association of Renal Scar and Vesicoureteral Reflux in Childhood Urinary Tract Infection in Tertiary Level Hospitals
Authors: Ashraf Rezwana , Jahan Ishrat , Begum Afroza
Published: December 2021

Background:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the third most common medical problem in the pediatric population, especially in infants. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is common in children with UTI.

Objective:

The aim of this article is to assess the relationship between VUR-associated UTI and renal scar in children.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among children who were admitted in the Pediatric Nephrology Department of BSMMU with UTI during the period of March 2013 to July 2014. A total of 30 UTI patients aged 1–5 years were included in the study. Children with neurogenic bladder or structural abnormality of urinary tract other than VUR were excluded from this study. History of the patients was taken and physical examination was done and recorded. Several investigations such as urinary routine and microscopic examination, culture and sensitivity with colony count, ultrasonogram of kidney, ureter, and bladder with post-void residual urine, micturating cystourethrogram, and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scan were done. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS version 12.

Results:

Mean age of the patients was 2.50 ± 1.18 years within the range of 1–5 years. Boys (80.0%) were predominant than girls (20.0%). Among the right kidneys 10 (33.3%) and among the left kidneys 11 (36.7%) had renal scar. There was a significant relation between increased VUR grading and increased number of renal scars on right and left kidneys (P = 0.013 and P = 0.020, respectively). There was no significant relation between increased number of UTI episodes and increased number of renal scars on right and left kidneys (P = 0.057 and P = 0.951, respectively). There was a positive correlation between VUR grade and renal scar [r = + 0.741 (P < 0.001)]. There was a positive correlation between VUR grade and renal scar [r = + 0.917 (P < 0.001)].

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that severity of VUR had a significant correlation with renal scarring on DMSA scintigraphy.
Spectrum of Postoperative Genitourinary (GU) Cases in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Alam Shoheli , Islam Nazrul , Jannat Fatema Tul , Islam K. M. Didarul , Mahammad Noor , Munmun Umme H
Published: December 2021

Background:

Genitourinary (GU) disorders may be congenital or acquired. Congenital cases are most often undiagnosed. This study was carried out to find the types of congenital, acquired GU cases and redo surgery from neonate to early adult life and the age of diagnosis of congenital anomalies.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study was carried out from January’2016 to December’2018 in the inpatients of the Paediatric Surgery Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. All admitted patients having congenital or acquired GU cases and postoperative complications of these systems required redo surgery were included. The data were reviewed for patient demographics, frequency, and distribution pattern of admitted GU cases and types of redo surgery.

Result:

A total of 1329 patients were operated in the Paediatric Surgery Department of BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh over a 3 years’ period. Among them, 508 patients (38.2%) were GU cases. The age ranged from 2 days to 18 years (mean age: 5.68 ± 3.77) at diagnosis. The male: female ratio was 5.7:1. Out of the total 508 patients, 432(85%) were boys while only 75 (15%) were girls. Among the 508 GU cases, 355 (69.9%) were congenital cases, 56(11%) were acquired cases, and redo cases were 97(19.1%). In this study, 43.7% of children who had congenital GU anomalies were >5 to 12 years old, and the neonatal age group was in 2.3% of cases. Among the congenital GU anomalies, hypospadias was more common in 141(27.8%) cases. 41(8.1%) had urogenital tumors. Wilm’s tumor was in 18 (3.5%) of children, 9 (1.8%) patients had urethral stricture, 6(1.2%) patients had urolithiasis. In case of redo surgery, urethrocutaneous fistula was found in 42(8.3%) patients.

Conclusion:

GU cases are more common than the other systemic cases in pediatric surgical patients. Among the GU cases, congenital anomalies are more than the acquired cases in our institution. But most of the congenital anomalies were diagnosed at a later age.
Prolonged Cholestatic Jaundice as an Atypical Manifestation of Acute Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Infection in Children
Authors: Alam Md Shafiul , Benzamin Md , Hasan Shariful , Haq Nadia , Mazumdar Md Wahiduzzaman
Published: December 2021

This article reports two cases of prolonged cholestatic type hepatitis A, a rare clinical manifestation of hepatitis A virus infection in children. Acute hepatitis A virus infection typically resolves spontaneously in 90% of the cases. In children, complete recovery usually occurs in most of the cases within two months. Occasionally, the cholestatic variety may persist for several months, characterized by intense pruritus and prolonged conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The diagnosis is based on the presence of IgM anti-HAV, symptoms longer than 8 weeks, bilirubin concentration >10 g/dL in the absence of substantial hepatocellular and biliary damage. Use of only ursodeoxycholicacid (UDCA) rather than the combined use of UDCA and corticosteroid is sufficient.
Trauma-induced oral mucosal pathologies
Authors: Sree Vijayabala G , Mohanavalli S. , Ellampalli Himasagar , Janagarathinam V. A.
Published: December 2021

Oral mucosal trauma can cause a multitude of oral mucosal lesions. Many oral mucosal lesions are caused by prolonged mechanical trauma to the oral mucosa. This case series depicts five such cases in which trauma was the major etiological factor in the causation of such lesions. This case series discusses the five different entities: Traumatic ulcer, frictional keratosis, traumatic fibroma, mucocele, and angina bullosa hemorrhagica. The etiology, clinical features, and management of each of these lesions are discussed. Appropriate symptomatic management of mucosal lesions along with the removal of the etiological factor causing trauma to the oral cavity resulting in the complete resolution of all five oral lesions described in this case series. This case series aims to illustrate the need for early diagnosis of trauma-associated oral mucosal lesions to avoid broad therapy later on.
Validity of the Demirjian method for dental age estimation in 4–17 years' Jordanian population
Authors: Salaymeh Razan Jamil , Al-zaben Juman Mohammed , Bader Dima Hamdi
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

The Demirjian's method has been advocated since 1973 as a universal method in dental age (DA) estimation. Several studies in different populations have shown that DA was overestimated compared with chronological age (CA).

The Objective of the Study:

The aim of this study was to assess the DA in Jordanian children aged 4–17 years using the Demirjian method and compare it with the standard values provided by Demirjian.

Design of the Study:

This was a cross-sectional study.

Subjects and Methods:

Five hundred and eighty four panoramic radiographs of healthy children of both genders. The CA was scored from the medical record of the child and the dental age scored on all seven left mandibular teeth in the panoramic radiograph based on demirjian's method.

Statistical Testing:

All data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 25. The statistical analyses were performed using an independent samples t-test and a correlation coefficient to analyze quantitative data and a scatter plot.

Results:

The DA was overestimated than CA, especially in the intervals between 6–7, 14–15, and 16–17 years in females, and in the interval 12–13 and 16–17 years in males. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between CA and DA according to the girls in the intervals 9–14 years, and there were significant correlations between CA and DA related to boys in the intervals 6–7, 8–11, and 15–16 years. The results from this study have shown that Demirjian “s method cannot be applicable to be used to determine the estimated DA of the Jordanian population.

Conclusion:

The Demirjian's method for dental estimation is not valid for the Jordanian population, and there should be another method for dental age estimation.
Assessment of shade matching using visual and instrumental methods
Authors: Antony Jesmy K. , George Liza , Mathew Josey
Published: December 2021

Aims:

This study aimed to compare the shade selection of natural teeth using visual method, digital photographic method, spectrophotometric method, and using an intraoral scanning device.

Settings and Design:

A study was conducted at the department of conservative dentistry and endodontics.

Subjects and Methods:

Right maxillary central incisors of ten subjects without caries, defects, or any restorations were selected for the study. Shade selection was done from the middle third of the labial surface of the tooth. In visual method the shade selection was carried out by an experienced clinician and in digital photographic method by a technician with gray cards as background and software analysis the other methods were spectrophotometric method and using an intraoral scanning device.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis was done using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. Post hoc was done using the Mann–Whitney U-test.

Results:

When the shades selected using the four methods were compared, with spectrophotometric methods, statistically significant differences were found for visual and digital photographic methods.

Conclusions:

Whenever possible, it is better to combine visual and instrumental methods so as to reduce the subjective errors that can happen while using the visual method alone. Among the instrumental methods, the less expensive digital photographic method can be opted for instead of the more sophisticated methods with chances of minimal errors.
Nano hydroxyapatite toothpaste as a treatment for dentine hypersensitivity
Authors: Oubenyahya Hanan
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common and painful clinical occurrence that can negatively impact patients' quality of life. An arsenal of different desensitizing molecules is available on the market, but no gold standard has yet to be set.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to perform a review on the potential of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) as a desensitizing toothpaste agent as opposed to placebo or other desensitizing molecules.

Materials and Methods:

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, an electronic search of the PubMed database was conducted from inception up until May 2021. Seven English written randomized controlled trials about the use of n-HA toothpaste in treating adults with DH were assessed for quality via the modified Jadad scale, and included in the review. Non-English studies, publications involving lasers, and studies researching the effect of n-HA on gingival inflammation or postwhitening sensitivity were all excluded.

Results and Discussion:

Available evidence suggests that n-HA is a promising addition to the growing arsenal of desensitizing treatments available on the market.

Conclusion:

n-HA remains a viable everyday option that dentists should strongly consider for their patients' pain relief. However, due to the heterogeneity of pain studies and the lack of standardization in trial protocols, no evidence of superiority to other desensitizing agents can be ascertained, thus far.
Comparison of apical resorption of endodontically treated teeth before and after orthodontic movement with clear aligner
Authors: Alshammery Deema Ali , Alabdulkarim Aljawhara , Alkanhal Norah , AlTammami Musaed
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Patients treated with orthodontics show short root due to apical root resorption.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to compare the external apical root resorption (EARR) of endodontically treated teeth before and after orthodontic movements using clear aligner therapy.

Materials and Methods:

The study group comprised 22 class I adult healthy patients with a mean age of (28 ± 8.2) years treated with clear aligner therapy. Thirty-four endodontically treated teeth (maxillary incisors and molars) were measured for the extent of the EARR in panoramic radiographs at the beginning and at the end of clear aligner therapy. Root resorption was measured using an electrical digital caliper (Mitutoyo Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) on the dental panoramic radiographs from the mesial cusps of the first molar tooth to the apex of the root, and from the incisal edge to the apex of the root for the central incisors.

Results and Discussion:

All the endodontically treated teeth demonstrated reduction in pretreatment root length. Less than one percent of EARR was found in 4 teeth, and 1%–4.9% of the EARR was observed in 23 teeth. Six teeth showed EARR of 5–7.9 while only one tooth EARR in the range of 8–10. A pretreatment versus posttreatment comparison of median root lengths of #16, #26, #36, and #46 showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The mean differences of root lengths after clear aligner therapy among different teeth showed no significant difference (P = 0.981).

Conclusion:

All the endodontically treated teeth showed minimal external root resorption after orthodontic treatment with a clear aligner.
Self-perceived preparedness of dental school graduates and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on their confidence
Authors: Alraheam Islam Abd , AlAshqar Mays A. , Hattar Susan , AlHadidi Abeer , Alhaddad Alaa , Sawair F. A. , Alkayed Awni
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Dental education quality is reflected by assessing graduating students' professional preparedness. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had many challenges for dentistry some of which may have further long-term impacts on clinical practice, dental education, and dental research. Impact on education can be directly reflected on graduates' preparedness.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to study self-perceived preparedness of dental school graduates and the impact of COVID-19 on their preparedness.

Materials and Methods:

An online survey was designed and sent electronically to 5th year students who were graduating in 2020, dentists who graduated in 2019 and were doing their prelicensure training, and dentists who graduated before 2019. The survey was self-designed and validated by an experienced professor in the school then tested by couple of participants. The survey composed of multiple sections. Four-point Likert scale was used to assess participants' perception in all the survey sections.

Results and Discussion:

A total of 209 participants responded to the online questionnaire. The mean total preparedness score (TPS) for the 209 participants was 97.6 (standard deviation ± 9.7) with a range of 69–120. The mean TPS of the different classes of participants was 99.5 for the class graduated before 2019, 98.1 for the 2020 class, and 95.1 for the 2019 class. Participants felt they are confident and extremely confident doing most of the required competencies. Weakness was mainly reported in surgical extraction for 2020 graduates due to the 8 weeks loss of their training. COVID-19 had considerable impact on 59.7% of the participants and marginal to no impact on 40.3%. The highest prevalence of those who thought it had some to severe impact on their confidence was those who graduated in year 2019 (73.4%).

Conclusions:

The graduates who participated in the survey felt confident in performing the majority of general dentistry procedures. COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the confidence of all the classes of participants even those graduated before 2019.
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor of the maxilla (Pindborg tumor)
Authors: Nowair Ibrahim M. , Wahba Omneya M. , Al Shareef Ahmed M.
Published: December 2021

Background

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a benign but locally aggressive epithelial odontogenic tumor that most commonly occurs in the mandible. Although the maxillary CEOT is rare, its biological behavior is indolent.

Aim

A comprehensive immunohistochemical study was performed concerning the local aggressive behavior of this tumor.

Patients and methods

In this study, 12 cases of patients who were attended in the outpatient clinic of the Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University were included in this study after confirmed incisional biopsy of CEOT. The patients were examined clinically preoperative and aspiration test was done. After finishing the tumor resection, closure of the maxillary defect was done by double layer repair of the defect. Biopsy of this tumor was stained by the following markers p63, Ki67, type IV collagen, smooth muscle actin (SMA), CK19, CK5/6, S100 to study the biological behavior of the tumor.

Results

The neoplastic cells were diffusely cytoplasmic immunoreactive for CK19 and CK5/6. Also, the tumor cells showed mild to moderate staining to SMA. Weak intensity of collagen type IV was detected. The amyloid-like deposit was immunonegative for both SMA and type IV collagen. p63 was expressed in all studied cases. Strong to moderate nuclear staining to p63 was detected in the tumor cells. The Ki67 showed high proliferation activity of tumor cells differing from the benign tumor nature.

Conclusion

Maxillary CEOT tends to grow more rapidly and not be circumscribed, suggesting that more aggressive surgery is required in these specific cases.
Stalnost, variantnost in modificirana raba frazemov v slovenskem jeziku in slovarjih
Authors: Trivunović Eva
Published: December 2021

Prispevek prinaša pregled variant in modifikacij sedmih (iz)biblijskih frazemov v sodobni slovenščini ter njihove prisotnosti v sodobnem jeziku. Ugotovitve so primerjane z obravnavo frazemov v obstoječih slovarjih, kjer se kaže velik razkorak med slovarskim prikazom in stanjem, ki ga izkazuje korpusno gradivo. Za zanesljivejše ugotavljanje, v katerih primerih lahko govorimo o že ustaljeni variantnosti, so bili v raziskavi uporabljeni trije zvrstno različni korpusi: Gigafida 2.0, Janes in slWaC. Poleg ustaljenih variant so predstavljene neustaljene modifikacije, poseben poudarek je na prenovitvah, vendar se je jasno zastavljena tipologija mestoma izkazala za preveč togo, saj pri nekaterih mejnih primerih ni bilo mogoče nedvoumno ločiti ustaljenih variant od neprenovitvenih modifikacij ter neprenovitvenih modifikacij od prenovitvenih. Vsi izbrani frazemi in njihove prenovitve so najpogostejši v korpusu Janes, kar dokazuje nujnost vključevanja večjega števila raznovrstnih korpusov v jezikoslovne raziskave.
Evaluation of Efficiency and Its Determinants in Croatian Hotel Industry
Authors: Pervan Maja , Babic Petra
Published: December 2021

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of Croatian hotels and provide insights into the sources of their efficiency. In order to obtain set goals, a two-stage analysis was performed on a sample of 69 large and medium-size hotels that were operating in Croatia in 2019. In the first stage of analysis, the efficiency scores of hotels were obtained by using Data envelopment analysis (DEA), whereas in the second stage of analysis, achieved efficiency coefficients were served as dependent variable in a truncated regression model in which hotel’s ownership, age, location, size and star rating were applied as independent variables. As this is the first time that efficiency of Croatian hotel industry is investigated with the application of truncated regression analysis, this research contributes to the existing literature by shading new lights on the sources of hotels’ efficiency from the perspective of a country heavily relaying on seasonal seaside tourism. Results of the research showed that all analysed variables (except age) play significant and important role in determining the achieved level of efficiency.
Konsep Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (Rebt) Dalam Usaha Mencegah Juvenile Delinquency
Authors: Koswanto Alvin
Published: December 2021

Perkembangan sosial pada remaja menyebabkan mereka lebih memilih untuk menghabiskan waktu dengan komunitas atau kelompok teman-teman sebayanya. Hal ini menjadi sebuah permasalahan, apabila remaja bergabung pada komunitas atau kelompok yang salah, akan membuat mereka memiliki nilai-nilai yang salah sehingga berani untuk melakukan juvenile delinquency (kenakalan remaja). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ditulis dengan tujuan memberikan masukan kepada orangtua maupun gereja dalam memberikan keyakinan atau kepercayaan yang rasional, sehingga remaja tidak sampai melakukan tindakan atau perbuatan yang melanggar norma-norma yang ada di masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan jenis analisis buku teks. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukan konsep belief yang rasional, untuk mengganti kepercayaan atau keyakinan remaja yang irasional dengan harapan remaja tidak menunjukkan perilaku kenakalan remaja.
Mentorship Gereja dalam Membentuk Karakter Remaja di BNKP Jemaat Hiliomasio Medan
Authors: Zega Yunardi Kristian
Published: December 2021

Perkembangan zaman semakin cepat berubah, seiring ditandai dengan banyaknya teknologi yang diciptakan oleh manusia. Di satu sisi teknologi membawa banyak pengaruh posisitif untuk mempermudah kehidupan manusia. Namun di sisi lainnya, teknologi juga dapat berakibat negatif, bagi orang-orang yang salah dalam penggunaannya. Salah satu dampak negatif dari perkembangan teknologi sekarang ini, dapat dilihat dari semakin banyaknya kasus-kasus kenakalan di kaum remaja. Oleh sebab itu, banyak orang tua yang akhirnya bingung dan tidak tahu harus berbuat apa, akibat pengaruh teknologi digital yang telah merusak karakter kaum remaja, khususnya bagi kaum remaja di BNKP Jemaat Hiliomasio Medan. Untuk memecahkan permasalahan tersebut, peneliti menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan deskriptif. Di mana peneliti terjun langsung ke dalam lapangan sehingga dapat menemukan data yang akurat dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini, antara lain: 1) pelaksanaan mentorship gereja terhadap Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam Keluarga masih perlu untuk lebih ditingkatkan lagi, 2) gereja perlu untuk memberikan perhatian yang lebih serius terhadap pengajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen bagi semua jemaat, dan 3) pelaksanaan Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam Keluarga terhadap upaya membentuk karakter remaja di era digital, masih terlihat sangat kurang.
The Instrumentalization of Fictional Narrative in Relation to Architecture-Urban Environment: The Example of “Laughable Places” Workshop
Authors:   Gebze Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Kocaeli Turkey, Eflatun Merve
Published: December 2021

Interdisciplinary approaches and distinctive representation methods are needed to expand the range of meaning in the architecture and to consider the design process in unique frameworks. Literature disrupts the static images produced for the city in the context of the imaginative weight and the various dynamics it makes with the reader also uses the city, space, and architecture to create a different dimension of representation. This situation, which is inspected in the article regarding the relationship between literature, city, and architecture, will be examined through the "Laughable Places" workshop, that is part of the e-workshop days held at Gebze Technical University in February 2021. In this sense, firstly the relationship between literature and architecture and the revealing of their potentials are handled through the imaginative, representational and textual dimensions. Than through various workshops where the relationship between fictional narrative and architecture is applied, it is reviewed in which contexts fictional narrative can be included in the intellectual process of design. This review has been grouped according to the method in the workshop setups, using the fictional narrative based on literary works or the writing fictional narratives by participants. The workshop process was interpreted through the hybridity of the two approaches.
The Impact of Covid-19 on Small-Scale Women Entrepreneurs In Sri K. Lanka: A Qualitative Study of the Matara Area (SK Town and Meddawatta)
Authors: Ariyarathne N. S. , Lakmali K. H.
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 has impacted people across the world regardless of geographical boundaries, gender, age, and economic status. However, women have become disproportionately more vulnerable. To explore women entrepreneurs’ experiences, the difficulties they face, and the strategies they employ for the survival of their businesses, this study selected Matara district as one of the most famous coastal areas of the southern province, and Sk Town and Meddawatta as the most popular tourist destinations of this district. This qualitative research employed a purposive sample of 15 females. Data collection for this research was mainly done through interviews (face-to-face, telephone, and WhatsApp calls), participants’ observations, and cyber ethnography. All of the participants, though not hit by the virus, have been impacted by COVID-19 related social and economic problems. Although all the participants suffered loss of income, surprisingly, the pandemic led some women to focus on exploring new income-generating activities. The research shows, as narrated by the respondents, that small- and medium-scale female entrepreneurs have not received adequate attention or help for the amelioration of their plight from government-led welfare activities, including bank loan payment extensions.
Perception of Home Demands, Social Support, and Marital Adjustment Among Women During Covid-19
Authors: Noeleen Neyha , Khan Masha Asad
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to bring colossal impact on families, particularly on marital adjustments. This paper reports findings of a study that examined perceptions of home demands, social support, and marital adjustment among women during COVID-19. A sample of 252 women was taken. Participants were administered a Demographic information sheet, Home Demands Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. The data was analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression analysis. Results revealed a significant negative relationship between perceptions of home demands and social support, and marital adjustment, and also a significant positive relation between social support and marital adjustment among women. Findings showed that women are likely to face additional problems because of limited sources of social support due to COVID-19 which is an imperative aspect for marital adjustment. Findings have implications for marriage counsellors, therapists, and clinical practitioners.