bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Data Mining to Determine Public Interest in Automatic Motorcycles
Authors: Fatma Nurul , Harahap Syaiful Zuhri , Masrizal Masrizal
Published: May 2024

Research on public interest in automatic motorbikes was carried out with the aim of understanding the factors that influence the decision to purchase an automatic motorbike. Using data mining methods, this research applies the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Neural Network techniques to identify and analyze people's interest patterns. The data used amounted to 139 samples, of which 127 showed interest in automatic motorbikes, while 12 others showed no interest. The research process begins with data analysis, the next stage is preprocessing, which includes data cleaning, in the model design stage in data mining, two models are built: one using KNN and the other using Neural Network. These two models are designed to classify sample data based on interest in automatic motorbikes. The next stage is model testing. Test results show that both models can classify interests accurately, with most of the sample data being classified correctly. Model evaluation was carried out to measure the effectiveness and accuracy of the two methods. The evaluation results show that both models provide very good performance, with results that almost reach a perfect score. This shows that both methods, KNN and Neural Network, are very effective in classifying and predicting people's interest in automatic motorbikes based on available data. In conclusion, this research not only shows the effectiveness of KNN and Neural Network in data mining for analyzing people's interests, but also provides valuable insights for automatic motorbike manufacturers and sellers about consumer preferences.
Integrating TOGAF and Big Data for Digital Transformation: Case Study on the Lending Industry
Authors: Yudhistira Andreas , Fajar Ahmad Nurul
Published: May 2024

In today’s digital era, the strategic integration of enterprise architecture frameworks with Big Data technologies is crucial in driving digital transformation, especially within the lending industry. This research aims to identify and analyze how The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) can be integrated with Big Data to enhance innovation, operational efficiency, and decision-making in the lending sector. This study examines Indonesian financial institutions using qualitative case studies, exploring the intricate practices, challenges, and benefits of the combination of TOGAF and Big Data. The qualitative methodology focuses on in-depth interviews and document analysis to gather contextual insights into the implementation dynamics and impacts of these technologies. Findings indicate that integrating TOGAF and Big Data not only streamlines workflows but also significantly enhances data security and risk management—critical elements in the lending industry. A vital outcome of this study is the development of a robust integration model that serves as a blueprint for companies in similar sectors to navigate their digital transformation journeys. Additionally, this research provides strategic recommendations to overcome integration and implementation challenges. These guidelines facilitate the transition to a more cohesive and strengthened digital architecture, equipping financial institutions to manage the complexities of modern digital economies effectively. Ultimately, this study delivers a comprehensive framework that enriches theoretical understanding and offers practical insights for effective technology integration in financial services.
Distance Learning and the Application of Technology: Culture Specific Measures in Technology Based Instruction
Authors: Gransberry Christopher K.
Published: May 2024

Determining the overall level of satisfaction among students who are being educated via distance learning methods and how instructional approach (synchronous versus asynchronous) varies, in terms of both knowledge outcome and level of satisfaction, is the hallmark of this study. It also considers student perception of online learning compared to face-to-face learning, and whether or not students can learn as much online as in person. Further, students can, in some cases, be more satisfied with online learning. Student success levels and satisfaction are, however, related to the level of engagement they experience and the cultural adaptability of the course work, as it relates to the online teaching methods used and the teacher’s approach to online learning. Thus, the study concludes that distance learning is an appropriate approach for students but more research is needed regarding best practices for collaboration, content delivery, and adaptability.
Digital Competencies and Techno-Stress in Teachers at a Public University in Ancash, Peru
Authors: Avila-Sánchez Geraldine Amelia , Nina-Cuchillo Josue , Revilla-Arce Jeiden , Ramirez-Heredia Rosa Candelaria , Castro-Vargas Daniel Jesús , Nina-Cuchillo Enoc Eusebio
Published: May 2024

In the digital era, integrating digital competencies in teaching has become crucial. However, this change is challenging, and techno-stress is a relevant concern. This research aimed to determine the relationship between digital competencies and the technostress of remote teachers at a public university in Ancash, Peru. The study was basic, descriptive correlational, non-experimental, and cross-sectional. The population included 168 remote-mode teachers at the undergraduate level and the sample consisted of 90 teachers, with non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The results showed that digital competencies are at a regular level (48.90%) while technostress is at a moderate level (45.60%). Finally, it is concluded that digital competencies are significantly related to technostress. In addition, the value of Spearman’s Rho coefficient (-0.702) confirms that the degree of correlation is negative and high.
The Performance Assessment of Chinese Students in College and the Role of English Language
Authors: Bai Fan
Published: May 2024

This research paper addresses the importance of investigating local students’ perceptions on the effectiveness of English as a medium of communication in and out of the classroom. Interviews with semi-structured questions of intrinsic and extrinsic nature through five-Likert scale were conducted in 140 undergraduate students who have been pursuing a bachelor’s degree at Zhengzhou Normal University in China. Descriptive analysis and factor component analysis (FCA) used for obtaining the results. The intrinsic and extrinsic nature of findings demonstrate that English considerably impacts their academic progress and performance. Furthermore, the findings show that students are eager to accept, support, and encourage their friends to adapt English to generate new knowledge and information. The findings also imply that local English instructors should be paid well and have a strong social position as teaching faculty. The findings suggest that curriculum improvement, content adjustment, and frequent use of English in exploration approaches to instruction, with the ultimate objective of opening up new avenues of knowledge, may significantly improve English effectiveness in student performance and career development.
Formulaic Sequences Used in Academic Writing Register
Authors: Almosa Abdulrahman
Published: May 2024

The identification of formulaic sequences through a corpus-driven methodology is regarded as a fundamental aspect of achieving smooth linguistic expression and successful communication. The present study examined a prominent category of formulaic language known as lexical bundles. This research endeavors to examine the utilization of lexical bundles as formulaic structures in academic abstracts, introductions, and conclusions. Through the examination of 150 abstracts, introductions, and conclusions, 50 each, sourced from peer-reviewed articles within the domain of Language and Literacy, the quantity of formulaic language, specifically lexical bundles, is quantified and their pragmatic functions are analyzed. The Antconc software was utilized to produce formulaic sets consisting of two-word, three-word, four-word, and five-word lexical bundles, including a few six-word structures. Subsequently, the outcomes are juxtaposed with prior investigations in the respective field. The research indicates that lexical bundles, which are a type of formulaic language, exhibit a slightly lower frequency of usage in introductions and conclusions compared to abstracts.
An Overview of How STEM-LW (Local Wisdom) Research Influences Character Over Time: An In-Depth Review with Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Annur Syubhan , Rusilawati Ani , Supriyadi . , Sumarni Woro , Kassymova Gulzhaina K.
Published: May 2024

The use of STEM approaches based on local wisdom is a trend in itself in the multicultural country of Indonesia. The collaboration between the two became one of the builders in strengthening character building strategies with the STEM-LW relationship. This study aims to see the direction of the trend of STEM-LW character research over time. This research is an in-depth literature study research using bibliometric analysis techniques. The stages in the implementation include preparation, data collection, data management, data extraction, data visualization, and data conclusion drawing. Analysis techniques using manual investigations and bibliometric analysis with the help of supporting software Publish or Perish, Reference Manager Zotero, and VOS viewers. The results showed of 750 total publications in the period 2007-2002 which came from 3 indexers. The total articles after submission were 467 articles that met the requirements with STEM-LW character keyword. journal articles are predominantly from Indonesia with three developmental periods, namely the pioneer period, the development period, and the stable period. Development being the top item that appears most often in the article, and perception is the relevant palng item. The direction of STEM-LW character research is towards education, including development, analysis and implementation in learning. Development research trends are in item analysis, effectiveness, ability, impact, creativity, and stem approach. The clusters that are most often used as side topics in research are class I and II. No impact emphasizes STEM-LW on character.
Evolutionary changes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Jeong Seogsong , Oh Yun Hwan , Ahn Joseph C , Choi Seulggie , Park Sun Jae , Kim Hye Jun , Lee Gyeongsil , Son Joung Sik , Jang Heejoon , Lee Dong Hyeon , Sha Meng , Chen Lei , Kim Won , Park Sang Min
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims: To determine the association between evolutionary changes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) status and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a nationwide population-based cohort.Methods: Information on study participants was derived from the Korea National Health Insurance Service database. The study population consisted of 5,080,410 participants who underwent two consecutive biennial health screenings between 2009 and 2012. All participants were followed up until HCC, death, or 31 December 2020. The association of evolutionary changes in MASLD status, as assessed by the fatty liver index and cardiometabolic risk factors, including persistent non-MASLD, resolved MASLD, incident MASLD, and persistent MASLD, with HCC risk was evaluated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression.Results: Among the 5,080,410 participants with 39,910,331 person-years of follow-up, 4,801 participants developed HCC. The incidence of HCC in participants with resolved, incident, and persistent MASLD was approximately 2.2-, 2.3-, and 4.7-fold higher, respectively, than that in those with persistent non-MASLD among the Korean adult population. When stratifying the participants according to the evolutionary change in MASLD status, persistent (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.68–3.21; P<0.001), incident (aHR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.63–2.10; P<0.001), and resolved MASLD (aHR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.18–1.50; P<0.001) had an increased risk of HCC compared to persistent non-MASLD.Conclusions: The evolutionary changes in MASLD were associated with the differential risk of HCC independent of metabolic risk factors and concomitant medications, providing additional information on the risk of HCC stratification in patients with MASLD.
CYBERSECURITY LEADERSHIP IN THE IT SECTOR: NAVIGATING CHALLENGES AND SEIZING OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Mahajan Hriday
Published: May 2024

In the fast-paced realm of Information Technology (IT), cybersecurity stands as the vanguard, protecting digital assets from an array of threats. This paper explores the dynamic landscape of cybersecurity within the IT sector, examining the hurdles encountered and the avenues for advancement in fortifying digital ecosystems.
Students as Agents of Biodesign Education.
Authors: Luecking Malu
Published: May 2024

see attachement
Navigating the Future of Biodesign: A Reflection on Waste Colonialism, Frugal Innovation, and Marginalized Traditions
Authors: Butoliya Deepa
Published: May 2024

This article critically explores the evolution of biodesign, emphasizing the necessity to not make historical mistakes in design by focusing on waste colonialism, frugal biodesign, and inclusive speculative approaches. It highlights the ethical challenges posed by waste colonialism, advocating for a sustainable reimagining of waste as a valuable resource rather than something to be offloaded onto less affluent nations. The discussion on frugal biodesign underscores the importance of leveraging local resources and traditions, exemplified by innovative uses of cow dung in Indonesia and India, to foster resilience and sustainability. Moreover, the paper stresses the significance of making biodesign accessible and democratized, critiquing the dominance of high-cost, industrialized methods. It calls for a care-oriented, inclusive ethos that values human agency and ethical considerations over capitalist interests. Conclusively, the paper posits that the future of biodesign must be rooted in a deep understanding of cultural contexts and a commitment to ethical practices, thereby ensuring an innovative, equitable, and respectful approach to biodesign.
Cultivating interspecies awareness: Exploring learners’ recognition and perception of mycelium as an agent in biomaking
Authors: Correa Isabel
Published: May 2024

Biomaking as a genre of maker education, offers unexplored avenues for enhancing our comprehension of interspecies relations. This paper explores how novice biomarkers perceive and acknowledge the presence and agency of other organisms in their creative processes. Analyzing the processes of 12-year-old children building mycelium sculptures, the study identifies pivotal moments of realization or transformation using video data from three making sessions. Employing a time-based analysis, the dynamic interactions between students, organisms, and materials were coded emphasizing both human and non-human material contributions to creative production. Findings reveal that neither the duration nor manner of engagement significantly influenced students' perception of mycelium as an active participant in the creative process. Instead, shifts occurred during events where the organism played a central role catalyzing intense sensory reactions among students and altering their perception of mycelium's agency. The study emphasizes the importance of centering biomaking practices around non-human agency, highlighting opportunities for collaborative co-creation and interspecies learning.
Impact of climate change and genetic development on Iowa corn yield
Authors: Zai Faisal H. , McSharry Patrick E. , Hamers Herbert
Published: May 2024

The vulnerability of corn yield to high temperature and insufficient rainfall in the US mid-west is widely acknowledged. The impact of extreme weather and genetic development on corn yield is less well known. One of the main reasons is that the multicollinearity in the variables can lead to confounding results. Here we model the impact of climate and genetic development by employing an elastic net regression model to address the multicollinearity issue. This allows us to develop a more robust multiple regression model with higher predictive accuracy. Using granular data for Iowa from 1981-2018, we find that corn yield is vulnerable to high mean summer temperatures particularly in July, a widening diurnal temperature range in June and dry summer conditions (due to extremely low rainfall) from June-August. We find that overall climate impact reduced average annual yield by 0.7%. We also find that genetic development which led to earlier planting dates, widening duration of the reproductive interval, higher growing degree day accumulation and larger net planted area had a beneficial impact on the Iowa corn yield during 1981-2018 resulting in an average annual yield improvement of 1.8% per annum. This provides a basis for optimism that these genetic developments and management practices will continue to adapt and improve in the future to counter the impact of climate change on corn yield. We have also modelled the impact of future climate change using the latest climate projections from the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR6). These climate projections show that the average temperature during the growing season (MayO-October) will increase by 2.4 -2.9 o C by mid-century while the average spring temperature (March and April) will increase by a relatively slower 1.9 -2.3 o C by mid-century. Additionally, climate projections show that both temperature and rainfall will also become more extreme in the future with the changes varying from spring to summer. Our results show that, just due to climate change alone in Iowa corn yield will decline between 1.4-1.7% per annum until mid-century (or 1.2-2.1% per annum until the late twenty first century).
Oral immunotherapy with enteric-coated capsules for allergic rhinitis caused by house dust mites
Authors: Zhang Han-Zhong , Xie Wei , Zhou Wen-Cheng , Chen Jian , Wang Ying , Zhu Yuan-Yuan , Wen Ting-Huan , Cheng Lei
Published: May 2024

Background

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising allergen-specific approach in the management of food allergy; however, studies on OIT for allergic rhinitis (AR) have rarely been reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of OIT using enteric-coated capsules for AR induced by house dust mites.

Methods

A total of 49 patients with AR were enrolled, including 25 who received subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and 24 who received OIT. The clinical efficacy and safety in both groups were evaluated.

Results

After 1 year of treatment, both SCIT and OIT demonstrated significant therapeutic effects. OIT was found to be more effective than SCIT in reducing the total AR symptom score and improving the results of nasal provocation tests. Local and systemic adverse reactions were observed in the SCIT group, while none were reported in the OIT group.

Conclusion

OIT is an effective and safe treatment for mite-induced AR.
Systematic review of patient and service outcome measures of remote digital technologies for cochlear implant and hearing aid users
Authors: Laird Emma , Sucher Cathy , Nakano Kento , Ferguson Melanie
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The use of telehealth for cochlear implant (CI) and hearing aid service provision has the potential to provide efficient, effective, and equitable services to users. However, clinicians require evidence that remote technologies provide care that is equal, or superior to, standard delivery. There are many outcome measures used across audiology, however there is little consensus for a standardized approach to assessment. This systematic review aims to identify the outcome measures to assess remote technologies for CI and hearing aid users, as a first step in a larger project to develop a core outcome set for remote technologies in CI users.

Methods

A systematic search of seven electronic databases was conducted using a search strategy defined by PICOTS for the research question. Eligible studies were in English and published in 2012 onwards. Search strategy, selection, and data collection followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines.

Results

This systematic literature review of 49 articles revealed over 250 discrete outcomes. Outcome measures were grouped into core areas, outcome domains, and outcome sub-domains. Studies assessing remote technology for CI users assessed significantly more outcomes in the ear and labyrinth domain (43% vs. 10%) and studies assessing remote technology in hearing aid users assessed significantly more outcomes in the cognitive (28% vs. 5%) and emotional (35% vs. 10%) functioning domains. Outcome measures within the auditory functioning domain were also significantly different, with CI studies utilizing more speech perception measures (95% vs. 21%) and hearing aid studies utilizing significantly more self-reported outcome measures (73% vs. 19%).

Discussion

The inclusion of hearing aid studies was to ensure that all key outcome domains used within remote hearing rehabilitation were captured, as well as to compare differences in outcome domains between the two user groups. There were significant differences between studies of remote technologies for CI and hearing aid users. These results will inform the ongoing development of a core outcome set for remote technologies in CI users.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=370171, identifier: CRD42022370171.
Transition to self-management among emerging adults with type 1 diabetes: a mixed methods study
Authors: Vitale Rebecca J. , Asher Noa , Shank Kaitlyn , Katyal Biren , Tinsley Liane J. , Garvey Katharine C. , Laffel Lori M. B.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Emerging adulthood is challenging for young people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study evaluated transition to diabetes self-management and perceptions of care transfer using mixed methods.

Methods

An online survey queried demographics, management characteristics, diabetes knowledge, self-care readiness, adherence, and diabetes distress. T-tests compared survey scores between those with self-reported target A1c <7.0% versus ≥7.0%. Pearson correlations assessed associations between A1c and diabetes distress, stratified by A1c <7.0% versus ≥7.0%. Qualitative semi-structured interviews elicited perceptions of young adults; transcripts were analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis.

Results

Of 141 participants (30% male, 84% non-Hispanic white) completing the survey, 41% self-reported target A1c <7.0%. Diabetes knowledge and self-care readiness scores did not differ between those with A1c <7.0% versus ≥7.0%, while diabetes distress was lower (45 ± 20 vs 52 ± 20, p=0.01) and adherence higher (77 ± 12 vs 71 ± 14, p=0.02) in those with A1c <7.0% versus ≥7.0%. Diabetes distress was significantly associated with glycemic outcomes in those reporting A1c ≥7.0% (R=0.36, p<0.01). Qualitative analysis (24 participants) revealed five themes and two sub-themes, notable for need for more mental health support, support from others with T1D, benefits of technology for care autonomy, and challenges of obtaining diabetes supplies.

Discussion

Emerging adults with self-reported target A1c endorsed lower diabetes distress and higher adherence than those with elevated A1c. Mental health access, support from others with T1D, technology use, and guidance for supply acquisition may improve transition to self-management and care transfer for emerging adults with T1D.
Decreased mitochondrial respiration associates with frailty in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Liabeuf Gianella , Saguez Rodrigo , Márquez Carlos , Angel Bárbara , Bravo-Sagua Roberto , Albala Cecilia
Published: May 2024

Aging population has led to an increased prevalence of chronic and degenerative pathologies. A manifestation of unhealthy aging is frailty, a geriatric syndrome that implies a non-specific state of greater vulnerability. Currently, methods for frailty diagnosis are based exclusively on clinical observation. The aim of this study is to determine whether the bioenergetic capacity defined as mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of peripheral circulation mononuclear cells (PBMC) associates with the frailty phenotype in older adults and with their nutritional status. This is a cross-sectional analytic study of 58 participants 70 years and older, 18 frail and 40 non-frail adults, from the ALEXANDROS cohort study, previously described. Participants were characterized through sociodemographic and anthropometric assessments. Frail individuals displayed a higher frequency of osteoporosis and depression. The mean age of the participants was 80.2 ± 5.2 years, similar in both groups of men and women. Regarding the nutritional status defined as the body mass index, most non-frail individuals were normal or overweight, while frail participants were mostly overweight or obese. We observed that OCR was significantly decreased in frail men (p < 0.01). Age was also associated with significant differences in oxygen consumption in frail patients, with lower oxygen consumption being observed in those over 80 years of age. Therefore, the use of PBMC can result in an accessible fingerprint that may identify initial stages of frailty in a minimally invasive way.
The diagnostic value of metagenomics next-generation sequencing in HIV-infected patients with suspected pulmonary infections
Authors: Hou Mingjie , Wang Yanli , Yuan Haizhen , Zhang Yuwei , Luo Xia , Xin Ningbo , Zhao Qingxia
Published: May 2024

Background

Traditional microbiological detection methods used to detect pulmonary infections in people living with HIV (PLHIV) are usually time-consuming and have low sensitivity, leading to delayed treatment. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for microbial diagnosis of suspected pulmonary infections in PLHIV.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed PLHIV who were hospitalized due to suspected pulmonary infections at the sixth people hospital of Zhengzhou from November 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples of PLHIV were collected and subjected to routine microbiological examination and mNGS detection. The diagnostic performance of the two methods was compared to evaluate the diagnostic value of mNGS for unknown pathogens.

Results

This study included a total of 36 PLHIV with suspected pulmonary infections, of which 31 were male. The reporting period of mNGS is significantly shorter than that of CMTs. The mNGS positive rate of BALF samples in PLHIV was 83.33%, which was significantly higher than that of smear and culture (44.4%, P<0.001). In addition, 11 patients showed consistent results between the two methods. Futhermore, mNGS showed excellent performance in identifying multi-infections in PLHIV, and 27 pathogens were detected in the BALF of 30 PLHIV by mNGS, among which 15 PLHIV were found to have multiple microbial infections (at least 3 pathogens). Pneumocystis jirovecii, human herpesvirus type 5, and human herpesvirus type 4 were the most common pathogen types.

Conclusions

For PLHIV with suspected pulmonary infections, mNGS is capable of rapidly and accurately identifying the pathogen causing the pulmonary infection, which contributes to implement timely and accurate anti-infective treatment.
Assessing the benefits of anaortic off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Ushioda Ryohei , Hirofuji Aina , Yoongtong Dit , Sakboon Boonsap , Cheewinmethasiri Jaroen , Lokeskrawee Thanin , Patumanond Jayanton , Lawanaskol Suppachai , Kamiya Hiroyuki , Arayawudhikul Nuttapon
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The procedure called the “aorta no-touch” (NT) or anaortic technique in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is designed to reduce the perioperative risk of stroke. We have observed an increased frequency of anaortic OPCAB procedures at our institution. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of anaortic OPCAB in reducing the perioperative risk of stroke.

Methods

From April 2011 to July 2023, a total of 2,236 patients underwent isolated OPCAB at our single center. The patients were divided into the anaortic group (NT, n = 762) and the aortic group (A, n = 1,474). The NT group was propensity score-matched (PSM) with the A group at a 1:1 ratio (NT n = 640; A n = 640), and matching was performed based on 26 covariates with preoperative clinical characteristics.

Results

In both the unmatched and matched cohorts of the NT and A groups, there were no significant differences observed in new stroke rates (NT vs. A; unmatched, 1.0% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.624; matched, 0.9% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.789). The univariable logistic analysis did not identify the anaortic technique as an independent factor negatively associated with new stroke events (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.35–1.86, p = 0.624).

Conclusion

The present study did not find the anaortic technique to reduce the perioperative risk of stroke in OPCAB. Hence, further large studies are needed to identify patient cohorts in which anaortic OPCAB is significantly beneficial.
Machine learning to predict the occurrence of thyroid nodules: towards a quantitative approach for judicious utilization of thyroid ultrasonography
Authors: Liang Qijun , Qi Zhenhong , Li Yike
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Ultrasound is instrumental in the early detection of thyroid nodules, which is crucial for appropriate management and favorable outcomes. However, there is a lack of clinical guidelines for the judicious use of thyroid ultrasonography in routine screening. Machine learning (ML) has been increasingly used on big data to predict clinical outcomes. This study aims to leverage the ML approach in assessing the risk of thyroid nodules based on common clinical features.

Methods

Data were sourced from a Chinese cohort undergoing routine physical examinations including thyroid ultrasonography between 2013 and 2023. Models were established to predict the 3-year risk of thyroid nodules based on patients’ baseline characteristics and laboratory tests. Four ML algorithms, including logistic regression, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and light gradient boosting machine, were trained and tested using fivefold cross-validation. The importance of each feature was measured by the permutation score. A nomogram was established to facilitate risk assessment in the clinical settings.

Results

The final dataset comprised 4,386 eligible subjects. Thyroid nodules were detected in 54.8% (n=2,404) individuals within the 3-year observation period. All ML models significantly outperformed the baseline regression model, successfully predicting the occurrence of thyroid nodules in approximately two-thirds of individuals. Age, high-density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose and creatinine levels exhibited the highest impact on the outcome in these models. The nomogram showed consistency and validity, providing greater net benefits for clinical decision-making than other strategies.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the viability of an ML-based approach in predicting the occurrence of thyroid nodules. The findings highlight the potential of ML models in identifying high-risk individuals for personalized screening, thereby guiding the judicious use of ultrasound in this context.
Re-evaluating soil moisture-based drought criteria for rainfed crops in peninsular India
Authors: Bal Santanu Kumar , Shivaramu Huchahanumegowdanapalya S. , Vijaya Kumar Puppala , Lingaraj Huggi , Sandeep Vadakkemethel M. , Subba Rao A. V. M. , Sarath Chandran Malamal Alickal , Manikandan Narayanan , Thimmegowda Matadadoddi N. , Manjunatha Melekote H. , Malleswari Sadhineni N. , Tupe Arvind , Sudhakar Gunasekaran , Dakhore Kailash K. , Subbulakshmi Sundararaj , Minhas Paramjit Singh , Singh Vinod Kumar , Singh Rajbir
Published: May 2024

Background: Peninsular India, being completely under the influence of monsoonal climate, suffers crop yield variability due to rainfall distribution-induced soil moisture constraints. Timely and appropriate assessment of this rainfall and soil moisture-induced crop yield variability serves as a key for exemplary relief assistance. Per cent available soil moisture (PASM) is one among several drought declaration indices followed by stakeholders in India for declaration of drought, needs re-evaluation as the existing criteria in unable to capture the yield loss due to ineffective classification of PASM categories. This study attempts to revise the agricultural drought classes by PASM based on relationships established between yield of major rainfed crops of the study region and PASM.

Methods: Analysis of yield variability due to PASM was carried out based on long term observations in experiments conducted at five dry farming locations (Akola, Parbhani, Kovilpatti, Ananthapuramu and Bengaluru) of peninsular India. The average yield for each category of PASM was calculated and tabulated for regression analysis. The PASM versus yield in each group was correlated and regression equations were developed if significant positive correlations were established.

Results: The range of available soil moisture to obtain at least 50 percent of optimum yield in cereals (maize: 26 and finger millet: 52.9 PASM), pulses (pigeon pea: 37.2 PASM), oilseeds (soybean: 26.8 to 30.5, groundnut: 53.8 to 61.7 PASM) and commercial crops (cotton: 26.3 PASM) was 26–61 percent.

Conclusion: The revised PASM-based drought classes (0–50 severe; 51–75 mild and 76–100 no drought) would help in drought declaration and precise identification of drought-hit areas for meaningful relief assistance. However, there is further investigation is needed to include a soil component for further fine-tuning of the criteria.
Discontinuation of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Shashemene town, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Letose Fikru , Tusa Alemtsehay , Sahlu Degemu , Miherite Yohannis
Published: May 2024

Background

The early termination of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) raises issues for the healthcare system and has the potential to affect public health. Long-acting reversible contraception has now become more widely available and used, although a sizable percentage of women still do not use it. Therefore, this study aims to assess the factors associated with the discontinuation of the LARC method among female users of health facilities in Shashemene town in Oromia, Ethiopia.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Shashemene town involving 410 study participants from nine facilities. The study participants were selected by using a systematic sampling method. The data were collected by using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires, entered into EpiData version 4.6.0.2, and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the association between independent variables and LARC discontinuation. The results were presented using the odds ratio at 95% CI. p < 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance.

Result

The overall prevalence of women who discontinued the LARC method before the due date was 57.2%. Having an occupation as a housewife, desire for pregnancy, unwarned side effects, effectiveness, and dissatisfaction with the service provided were the factors positively associated with the discontinuation of the contraception.

Conclusion

The prevalence of the discontinuation of LARCs was high. Pre-insertion, effective counseling about the benefits, follow-up care, management of side effects, and client reassurance are recommended.
The shared circulating diagnostic biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Sun Hao-Wen , Zhang Xin , Shen Cong-Cong
Published: May 2024

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-organ chronic autoimmune disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Previous studies have shown that SLE and IBD share common pathogenic pathways and genetic susceptibility, but the specific pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods

The datasets of SLE and IBD were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Limma package. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to determine co-expression modules related to SLE and IBD. Pathway enrichment was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis for co-driver genes. Using the Least AbsoluteShrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) regressionand Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), common diagnostic markers for both diseases were further evaluated. Then, we utilizedthe CIBERSORT method to assess the abundance of immune cell infiltration. Finally,we used the single-cell analysis to obtain the location of common diagnostic markers.

Results

71 common driver genes were identified in the SLE and IBD cohorts based on the DEGs and module genes. KEGG and GO enrichment results showed that these genes were closely associated with positive regulation of programmed cell death and inflammatory responses. By using LASSO regression and SVM, five hub genes (KLRF1, GZMK, KLRB1, CD40LG, and IL-7R) were ultimately determined as common diagnostic markers for SLE and IBD. ROC curve analysis also showed good diagnostic performance. The outcomes of immune cell infiltration demonstrated that SLE and IBD shared almost identical immune infiltration patterns. Furthermore, the majority of the hub genes were commonly expressed in NK cells by single-cell analysis.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that SLE and IBD share common diagnostic markers and pathogenic pathways. In addition, SLE and IBD show similar immune cellinfiltration microenvironments which provides newperspectives for future treatment.
OTULIN deficiency: focus on innate immune system impairment
Authors: Dou Bo , Jiang Gang , Peng Wang , Liu Chentao
Published: May 2024

OTULIN deficiency is a complex disease characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, including skin rash, joint welling, lipodystrophy to pulmonary abscess, and sepsis shock. This disease is mechanistically linked to mutations in the OTULIN gene, resulting in an immune disorder that compromises the body’s ability to effectively combat pathogens and foreign stimuli. The OTULIN gene is responsible for encoding a deubiquitinating enzyme crucial for hydrolyzing Met1-poly Ub chains, and its dysfunction leads to dysregulated immune responses. Patients with OTULIN deficiency often exhibit an increase in monocytes, including neutrophils and macrophages, along with inflammatory clinical features. The onset of symptoms typically occurs at an early age. However, individuals with OTULIN haploinsufficiency are particularly susceptible to life-threatening staphylococcal infections. Currently, the most effective treatment for patients with OTULIN biallelic mutations involves the use of TNF-blocking agents, which target the dysregulated immune response. In conclusion, OTULIN deficiency presents a complex clinical picture with diverse manifestations, attributed to mutations in the OTULIN gene. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions to address this challenging condition. Further research into the pathophysiology of OTULIN deficiency is essential for improving clinical management and outcomes for affected individuals.
The effect of infection with the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomopthorales) on eighteen cytokine-like proteins in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) larvae
Authors: Wrońska Anna Katarzyna , Kaczmarek Agata , Sobich Justyna , Boguś Mieczysława Irena
Published: May 2024

Background

In response to the replace mammal research models with insects in preliminary immunological studies, interest has grown in invertebrate defense systems. The immunological response is regulated by cytokines; however, while their role in mammals is well understood, little is known of their function in insects. A suitable target for studies into insect immunology is Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera), the wax moth: a common host for human fungal and bacterial pathogens. G. mellonella is also a perfect subject for studies into the presence of cytokine-like proteins.

Specific objectives

The main goal of present research was detection in insect immunocompetent cells the 18 mammalian cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-19, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β, GM-CSF, M-CSF, G-CSF), which play important role in immunological response and indication how their level change after fungal infection.

Methodology

The changes of cytokine-like proteins level were detected in hemocytes taken from G. mellonella larvae infected with entomopathogenic fungus, C. coronatus. The presence of cytokine-proteins was confirmed with using fluorescence microscopy (in cultured hemocytes) and flow cytometry (in freshly collected hemolymph). The ELISA test was used to detect changes in concentration of examined cytokine-like proteins.

Results

Our findings indicated the presence of eighteen cytokine-like molecules in G. mellonella hemocytes during infection with C. coronatus. The hemocytes taken from infected larvae demonstrated higher fluorescence intensity for six cytokine-like proteins (GM-CSF, M-CSF, IL-3, IL-15, IL-1β and IL-19) compared to untreated controls. ELISA test indicated significantly higher IL-3 and IL-15. M-CSF, IL-1α and IL-19 concentration in the hemolymph after fungal infection, and significantly lower TNF-β and G-CSF.

Conclusions

Our findings confirm that the selected cytokine-like molecules are present in insect hemocytes and that their concentrations change after fungal infection, which might suggest that they play a role in the anti-fungal immunological response.
Distinct T cell responsiveness to different COVID-19 vaccines and cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 variants with age and CMV status
Authors: Brummelman Jolanda , Suárez-Hernández Sara , de Rond Lia , Bogaard-van Maurik Marjan , Molenaar Petra , van Wijlen Emma , Oomen Debbie , Beckers Lisa , Rots Nynke Y. , van Beek Josine , Nicolaie Mioara A. , van Els Cécile A. C. M. , Boer Mardi C. , Kaaijk Patricia , Buisman Anne-Marie , de Wit Jelle
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Accumulating evidence indicates the importance of T cell immunity in vaccination-induced protection against severe COVID-19 disease, especially against SARS-CoV-2 Variants-of-Concern (VOCs) that more readily escape from recognition by neutralizing antibodies. However, there is limited knowledge on the T cell responses across different age groups and the impact of CMV status after primary and booster vaccination with different vaccine combinations. Moreover, it remains unclear whether age has an effect on the ability of T cells to cross-react against VOCs.

Methods

Therefore, we interrogated the Spike-specific T cell responses in healthy adults of the Dutch population across different ages, whom received different vaccine types for the primary series and/or booster vaccination, using IFNɣ ELISpot. Cells were stimulated with overlapping peptide pools of the ancestral Spike protein and different VOCs.

Results

Robust Spike-specific T cell responses were detected in the vast majority of participants upon the primary vaccination series, regardless of the vaccine type (i.e. BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, or Ad26.COV2.S). Clearly, in the 70+ age group, responses were overall lower and showed more variation compared to younger age groups. Only in CMV-seropositive older adults (>70y) there was a significant inverse relation of age with T cell responses. Although T cell responses increased in all age groups after booster vaccination, Spike-specific T cell frequencies remained lower in the 70+ age group. Regardless of age or CMV status, primary mRNA-1273 vaccination followed by BNT162b2 booster vaccination showed limited booster effect compared to the BNT162b2/BNT162b2 or BNT162b2/mRNA-1273 primary-booster regimen. A modest reduction in cross-reactivity to the Alpha, Delta and Omicron BA.1, but not the Beta or Gamma variant, was observed after primary vaccination.

Discussion

Together, this study shows that age, CMV status, but also the primary-booster vaccination regimen influence the height of the vaccination-induced Spike-specific T cell response, but did not impact the VOC cross-reactivity.
The causal relationship between gut microbiota and lymphoma: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Biyun , Han Yahui , Fu Zhiyu , Chai Yujie , Guo Xifeng , Du Shurui , Li Chi , Wang Dao
Published: May 2024

Background

Previous studies have indicated a potential link between the gut microbiota and lymphoma. However, the exact causal interplay between the two remains an area of ambiguity.

Methods

We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and five types of lymphoma. The research drew upon microbiome data from a research project of 14,306 participants and lymphoma data encompassing 324,650 cases. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were meticulously chosen as instrumental variables according to multiple stringent criteria. Five MR methodologies, including the inverse variance weighted approach, were utilized to assess the direct causal impact between the microbial exposures and lymphoma outcomes. Moreover, sensitivity analyses were carried out to robustly scrutinize and validate the potential presence of heterogeneity and pleiotropy, thereby ensuring the reliability and accuracy.

Results

We discerned 38 potential causal associations linking genetic predispositions within the gut microbiome to the development of lymphoma. A few of the more significant results are as follows: Genus Coprobacter (OR = 0.619, 95% CI 0.438–0.873, P = 0.006) demonstrated a potentially protective effect against Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). Genus Alistipes (OR = 0.473, 95% CI 0.278–0.807, P = 0.006) was a protective factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Genus Ruminococcaceae (OR = 0.541, 95% CI 0.341–0.857, P = 0.009) exhibited suggestive protective effects against follicular lymphoma. Genus LachnospiraceaeUCG001 (OR = 0.354, 95% CI 0.198–0.631, P = 0.0004) showed protective properties against T/NK cell lymphoma. The Q test indicated an absence of heterogeneity, and the MR-Egger test did not show significant horizontal polytropy. Furthermore, the leave-one-out analysis failed to identify any SNP that exerted a substantial influence on the overall results.

Conclusion

Our study elucidates a definitive causal link between gut microbiota and lymphoma development, pinpointing specific microbial taxa with potential causative roles in lymphomagenesis, as well as identifying probiotic candidates that may impact disease progression, which provide new ideas for possible therapeutic approaches to lymphoma and clues to the pathogenesis of lymphoma.