bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Dietary Supplement use and its Relation to Maternal Characteristics in Iranian Pregnant Women
Authors: Talank Nastaran , Mirzaei Ehsan , Mirjalili Mahtabalsadat , Rangchian Maryam , Mohammadi Younes , Mehrpooya Maryam
Published: April 2019

Background:

Based on the available evidence, diet alone cannot fulfill maternal and fetal
nutritional demands during pregnancy. Therefore, taking dietary supplements are recommended
during pregnancy worldwide. Maternal socio-demographic characteristics can affect dietary supplements
consumption during pregnancy. Little information is available with regard to the dietary
supplement consumption in Iranian pregnant women.

Objective:

This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dietary supplement
use in Iranian pregnant woman.

Methods:

250 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy attending the obstetric clinic
affiliated to Hamadan University of Medical Sciences between February and August 2018 were
asked to complete a questionnaire. Information including socio-demographic and other related characteristics
of precipitants and use of any dietary supplements during their current pregnancy was
collected. Chi-square test and independent sample t-test were used to determine the association
between variables.

Results:

The results showed that dietary supplement use among Iranian pregnant women was relatively
high (69%). Folic acid was the most common supplement used by the participants (66%)
followed by multivitamin (52%) and Iron (48.6%). However, only 26.4% of pregnant women reported
consumption of folic acid prior to pregnancy. The consumption of dietary supplements was
directly associated with the age (P=0.003), level of education (P<0.001), family income (P=0.03),
and the history of miscarriage (P=0.047).

Conclusion:

Although dietary supplement use among Iranian pregnant women was relatively high,
pregnant women with poor socio-economic status do not consume required dietary supplements.
Thus, vulnerable groups can benefit from educational and financial supports during pregnancy.
Computational Approaches for Transcriptome Assembly Based on Sequencing Technologies
Authors: Luo Yuwen , Liao Xingyu , Wu Fang-Xiang , Wang Jianxin
Published: April 2019

Transcriptome assembly plays a critical role in studying biological properties and examining the expression levels of genomes in specific cells. It is also the basis of many downstream analyses. With the increase of speed and the decrease in cost, massive sequencing data continues to accumulate. A large number of assembly strategies based on different computational methods and experiments have been developed. How to efficiently perform transcriptome assembly with high sensitivity and accuracy becomes a key issue. In this work, the issues with transcriptome assembly are explored based on different sequencing technologies. Specifically, transcriptome assemblies with next-generation sequencing reads are divided into reference-based assemblies and de novo assemblies. The examples of different species are used to illustrate that long reads produced by the third-generation sequencing technologies can cover fulllength transcripts without assemblies. In addition, different transcriptome assemblies using the Hybrid-seq methods and other tools are also summarized. Finally, we discuss the future directions of transcriptome assemblies.
Run-out Effects of Debris Flows Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Wang Jun , Yu Yan , Wei Xinfeng , Gong Qinghua , Xiong Haixian
Published: April 2019

Debris flows are a common natural disaster in mountainous areas and often cause severe casualties and property loss. Debris-flow run-out effects analysis can provide an idea of the spatial risks posed to the downstream area of a debris flow, which is extremely important for local populations’ lives, disaster mitigation and planning the layout of economic construction. The objective of this study is to develop a new method to quantify debris flow run-out effects by combining debris flow simulation results and data for different types of land use within the inundated area. After a three-dimensional numerical simulation platform was established, the numerical simulation method was applied as a modeling tool to simulate the inundated areas and final buried depths under rainfalls with different return periods. The simulated result for flow depth under a 100-year return period rainfall event was validated based on field measurements. Finally, the debris-flow run-out effects under different return periods were analyzed by combining the simulation results and land use data. The proposed method can enhance the accuracy of debris-flow spatial risk assessment and has great value for application.
Succinic Acid Production as Secondary Metabolite from Bacillus megaterium ELI24
Authors: Ortiz Aurelio , Sansinenea Estibaliz
Published: April 2019

Background:

Succinic acid can be used as a precursor of many industrially important
chemicals and has an extensive application range to apply in different industrial areas, such as
pharmaceutical and food industry.

Objective:

In this work, we isolated a strain of B. megaterium which produces succinic acid in optimized
czapek medium for its production.

Methods:

A study of the production of this organic acid was realized in different media adding insoluble
phosphate sources to czapek medium.

Results:

Two Bacillus strains ELI 24 and ELI30 that were isolated from soil in Mexico were fully
characterized as Bacillus megaterium and B. thuringiensis. B. megaterium ELI 24 was proved to secrete
succinic acid which was clearly identified by spectroscopic methods, such as 1H and 13C NMR,
and X-ray analysis.

Conclusion:

This organic acid could improve the solubility of insoluble phosphate, which could
help in the growth of plants.
Evaluation of the Performance of a Reed Solomon Coded STBC MIMO System Concatenated with MPSK and MQAM in Different Channels
Authors: Mane Pradeep B. , Belsare Madhavi H.
Published: April 2019

Background & Objective:

Wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and LTE are using Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) communications that play an important role in achieving high data rates. Bit Error Rate (BER) is one of the most important performance parameters in multipath channels for data communication.

Methods:

This research proposes a new method based on Reed Solomon (RS) coding to improve the efficacy of a Space-Time Block Coded (STBC) MIMO System concatenated with M-ary Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) and M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (MQAM) in reducing BER in Rayleigh, Rician and Nakagami channels. It is based on the error detection and correction properties intrinsic to RS coding processes. Binary data is coded using an RS encoder and the modulated signal STBC encoded and transmitted through Rayleigh, Rician and Nakagami channels. Signals received by two antennas are STBC decoded, demodulated, RS decoded and tested for BER.

Results & Conclusion:

Results show lower BER rates for RS Coded systems as compared for uncoded systems in all three channels. In addition, it was found that reduction in BER is greater for high Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) but deteriorates for low SNR. Furthermore, this research observed that RS coding gives 63% to 98% improvement in BER in the Rayleigh as compared to Rician and Nakagami channels. This research has been able to successfully incorporate the BER reduction of STBC MIMO to further enhance the efficacy of an STBC MIMO system.
The Napoleon mystique and British poets
Authors: Mc Danel de García Mary Anne
Published: April 2019

This reflection on the influence of Napoleon and the consequences of the wars on the major British poets of the Romantic era is meant to illustrate how the reactions of both nobility and commoners are recorded in literature and media. The dual perception of Napoleon as both hero and tyrant and the atrocious suffering of those at home and bloody battles are manifest in the works of the major poets, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelly, and especially George Gordon, Lord Byron. Even today, Napoleon transcends precise definition and he has inspired some of the greatest poets in British literature
Representación social del Ejército Nacional en niños y niñas en condición vulnerable de Bogotá
Authors: Castro Torres Ivonne Edith , Casallas Torres Diego Fernando , Salgado Torres Angie Katerine
Published: April 2019

En un contexto de paz, las relaciones entre la sociedad civil y los cuerpos armados del Estado deben desarrollarse en armonía y en un ambiente de mutua comprensión. En tal sentido, es determinante conocer desde una aproximación descriptiva cuáles son las imágenes y construcciones mentales que tiene la población de los militares y, más aún, las representaciones sociales que los futuros ciudadanos tienen de estos. Así, pues, el presente documento pretende, a través de un marco teórico que dialoga con la sociología y la psicología, encontrar las representaciones sociales que desde sectores vulnerables se tienen del Ejército Nacional de Colombia y sus funciones, para, de esta forma, contribuir a la transformación de la imagen que tiene esta institución como actor preponderante en el posconflicto.
A Virtual Reality–Supported Intervention for Pulmonary Rehabilitation of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jung Timothy , Moorhouse Natasha , Shi Xin , Amin Muhammad Farhan
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

The uptake of traditional pulmonary rehabilitation classes by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is poor because of personal factors that prevent accessibility to the venue. Therefore, there is a need for innovative methods of pulmonary rehabilitation, and virtual reality (VR) could be a promising technology for patients with COPD to access services remotely.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate whether VR improves compliance with pulmonary rehabilitation among patients with COPD, a particularly vulnerable patient group (Medical Research Council [MRC] 4 or 5), and whether VR provides a credible alternative to traditional pulmonary rehabilitation programs.

METHODS

This was an 8-week patient trial using an innovative VR pulmonary rehabilitation program. A purposive sample of 10 patients with COPD graded MRC 4 or 5 and registered at a selected health care center and a hospital in Cumbria, United Kingdom, were included. Qualitative (focus groups and interviews) data were collected, and to further support the qualitative findings, quantitative data (self-report patient surveys) were gathered before and after the 8-week trial. The 5 self-reported surveys included the Patient Activation Measure, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Short Physical Performance Battery, and the Edmonton Frail Scale.

RESULTS

In a thematic analysis of the qualitative data, 11 themes emerged specific to delivering pulmonary rehabilitation using VR. The quantitative data further support the qualitative findings by revealing significant improvements in all physical measures.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, this study demonstrates how remotely supervised VR-based pulmonary rehabilitation could help to overcome current issues and limitations associated with providing this service to patients with COPD at scale.
Monetary Policy Its Instruments and Convergence of Its Objectives: Case of Angola 2005/2017
Authors: Massaka Antonio, Pitshu
Published: April 2019

This paper proposes a new paradigm for the analysis of monetary policy, and presents the monetary policy framework in Angola which includes the policy instruments, and implementation mechanism the way between instrument and objective. To study the Monetary Policy instruments in Angola based on a multiple linear regression model. Before the model was conceived an analogy was made about the politics and instruments of monetary policy from the classical Keynesian model in the matter, but also less important also to analyze the concrete objective of monetary policy if the authors agree connected with those currents of economic thought. For the estimation of the equation for the monetary aggregate M2 that represents the money supply by the Central Bank in Angola The author applied the current implementation and the existing theories to display the Angola monetary tools such as basic interest rate for monetary policy orientation (tbna), open market operation, Lending Facility, coefficient of required reserve, net international reserves, and the Gross Domestic Product, the reference oil price to brent. Most of the variables present the expected results.
KIDNEY INJURY MOLECULE-1 AS AN EARLY AMIKACIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY MARKER IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS HOSPITALIZED IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: DEWI TRISNI UNTARI , . INSTIATY , SEDONO RUDIANTO , ALISKA GESTINA , AZWAR MUHAMMAD KHIFZHON , SETIABUDY RIANTO
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study sought to determine the correlation between trough plasma amikacin concentrations and urinary normalized kidney injurymolecule-1 (KIM-1) concentrations as an early biomarker of nephrotoxicity in patients with sepsis who are hospitalized in an intensive care unit.Methods: In this pilot study, 12 patients with sepsis were treated with amikacin 1000 mg/day between May 2015 and September 2015. The correlationbetween trough plasma amikacin concentrations measured after the third dose and the elevation of urinary normalized KIM-1 concentrations afterthe third amikacin dose relative to the first/second dose was evaluated.Results: In total, three patients had trough plasma amikacin concentrations exceeding the safe level (>10 μg/ml). Furthermore, eight patientsdisplayed higher normalized KIM-1 concentrations after third dose than after the first/second dose; however, there was no correlation betweentrough amikacin concentrations and the elevation of urinary normalized KIM-1 concentrations (r=0.3, p=0.3).Conclusion: The study results illustrated that short-term treatment with an amikacin dose of 1000 mg/day was generally safe in patients with sepsis.
TOXIC EFFECTS OF 2.5% SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE, 17% ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID, AND 2% CHLORHEXIDINE SOLUTIONS ON THE VIABILITY OF DENTAL PULP MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS
Authors: MUSTIKASARI BUNGA CAHYA , MARGONO ANGGRAINI , NAZAR KAMIZAR
Published: April 2019

Objective: Disinfection of the root canal system is a key factor in the success of regenerative endodontic treatment. However, dental irrigationsolutions must exert bactericidal effects while maintaining stem cell viability. This study aimed to compare the effects of solutions containing 2.5%sodium hypochlorite, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 2% chlorhexidine on the viability of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells.Methods: Primary cells were obtained from immature third molars and cultured. Subsequently, an immunofluorescence assay specific for themesenchymal stem cell marker STRO-1 was used to identify dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells in the cultures. These cells were exposed to the threeabove-described solutions, after which cell viability was analyzed using an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.Results: The viabilities of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells treated with the three irrigating solutions differed significantly from the viability ofcontrol cells (P ≤ 0.05). However, no significant differences in cell viability were observed among the solutions (P ≥ 0.05).Conclusion: All tested solutions had toxic effects on the viability of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF GRAPE SEED EXTRACT CONTAINING 2.9% TANNIN AGAINST ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS BIOFILM
Authors: SOETANTO SHELVY , SUPRASTIWI ENDANG , ASRIANTI DINI
Published: April 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the antibacterial efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE) against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.Methods: A biofilm of E. faecalis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 29212 strain was prepared using sterile cellulose nitrate filter membraneincubated on brain heart infusion agar at 37°C for 72 h under aerobic condition. Each membrane containing E. faecalis biofilm was added to threetubes of phosphate-buffered saline (control), three tubes of GSE, and three tubes of 2% clorhexidine. The number of viable DNA cells was measuredusing real-time polymerase chain reaction. The data were statistically analyzed using non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U-test.Results: GSE had antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis biofilm. The difference in the amount of E. faecalis DNA between all groups was statisticallysignificant (p=0.05).Conclusion: GSE has antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis biofilm.
EFFECTIVITY OF 2.1% MINOCYCLINE OINTMENT AND 24% ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID GEL AS A ROOT SURFACE CONDITIONING MATERIAL (A STUDY OF FIBRIN CLOT ADHESION WITH SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE)
Authors: WIDARYONO ADITYO , SOEROSO YUNIARTI , LELYATI SRI
Published: April 2019

Objective: A stable fibrin clot adhesion on the root surface of the teeth is the start of periodontal regeneration. We aimed to observe the differencebetween fibrin clot adhesion on root surfaces after root surface conditioning using minocycline and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).Methods: We divided 30 root surfaces into three groups – namely, the minocycline group, the EDTA group, and the saline group as a control. Wedropped fresh human blood on the root surface and allowed it to coagulate. We evaluated the fibrin clots using a scanning electron microscope.Results: We found no significant differences between the minocycline and the EDTA applications (p=0.759).Conclusions: EDTA and minocycline demonstrated equal capability in producing fibrin clots on the root surface.
SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF BISPHENOL A-GLYCIDYL METHACRYLATE ADHESIVE RESIN AFTER APPLICATION OF EUCALYPTUS OIL BEFORE DEBONDING METALLIC ORTHODONTIC BRACKET
Authors: RIYANTI ARISTY , SIREGAR ERWIN , ANGGANI HARU SETYO
Published: April 2019

Objective: Debonding of orthodontic braces could lead to enamel fracture and moderate discomfort for the patients. This study was conducted toexamine whether eucalyptus oil and eucalyptol were effective in decreasing the shear bond strength and facilitate the debonding of metallic bracketsbonded with bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA) adhesive resin.Methods: Thirty upper premolar teeth were randomly divided into the following three groups: Group 1 (75% eucalyptus oil), Group 2 (100%eucalyptol), and Group 3 (aquades; controls). Gemini brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia) were bonded to the teeth using Transbond XT (3M Unitek,Monrovia). The areas around the brackets were lubricated with 75% eucalyptus oil, 100% eucalyptol, and aquades for 10 min before debonding.Results: A significant difference in shear bond strength between Group 2 and the control group was noted (p<0.05).Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that eucalyptol can decrease the shear bond strength of bis-GMA-based adhesive resin after 10 minof application.
POLYMORPHISM OF OSTEOPROTEGERIN GENE IN INDONESIAN MEN WITH PERIODONTITIS
Authors: EI AUERKARI , I SAVITRI , SLC MASULILI , AW SUHARTONO
Published: April 2019

Objective: This work aimed to clarify the association of the severity of periodontitis and polymorphism in osteoprotegerin (OPG) (T950C) inIndonesian men.Methods: For DNA extraction, blood serum samples were used from 100 consenting Indonesian males for whom also the status of periodontitis hadbeen classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were applied toevaluate OPG (T950C) polymorphism, using Hind II restriction enzyme and electrophoresis on agarose gel to separate the indicative fragments.Results: The genotype distribution of the OPG (T950C) polymorphism had an appearance of an increasing percentage of TT genotype (allele T) withincreasing severitPeriodontitisy of periodontitis. The CC genotype was relatively rare (1%) in the tested Indonesian male population.Conclusions: The results show no significant association between the severity of periodontitis and polymorphism of OPG (T950C) in Indonesian men.
ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTS OF ALOE VERA IRRIGANT ON CANDIDA ALBICANS BIOFILM
Authors: . ASTINAH , NAZAR KAMIZAR , MEIDYAWATI RATNA
Published: April 2019

Objective: Candida albicans tolerates unfavorable environmental conditions by forming biofilms, which can cause problems following endodontictreatments. C. albicans is the most common fungus found in failed root canals. Using natural irrigants with good antifungal properties for use assynthetic irrigant alternatives during root canal cleaning and shaping is very important. This study aimed to analyze the effects of Aloe vera onC. albicans biofilm.Methods: C. albicans biofilm was divided into the following five groups: Group I, no treatment (control group); Groups II, III, and IV, A. vera with aconcentration of 100%, 75%, and 50%, respectively; and Group V, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 17%.Results: The average biofilm colony count for C. albicans for the A. vera 100%, 75%, and 50% groups was higher than that for the EDTA 17% groupbut lower than that for the control group.Conclusion: A. vera has antifungal effects on C. albicans biofilm, with the greatest effect occurring at 75% concentration.
EFFECTS OF ODONTOCEM AND MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE-ANGELUS TOXICITY ON FIBROBLAST VIABILITY
Authors: KESUMAWATI DEWI SRI , MARGONO ANGGRAINI , SUPRASTIWI ENDANG
Published: April 2019

Objective: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is proven to be biocompatible and is used for pulp capping treatment. Odontocem, calcium silicate-basedcement similar to MTA with the addition of a steroid, has recently been developed and to compare the effects of Odontocem and MTA-Angelus toxicityon fibroblast cell viability.Methods: Fibroblast cells from embryonated chicken eggs were immersed in Odontocem or MTA-Angelus solution for 24 and 72 h. Cell viability wasanalyzed by Microculture Tetrazolium (MTT) 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Results: After 24 h, the Odontocem and MTA-Angelus groups showed significantly lower viability (p<0.05) compared with controls. After 72 h, cellviability was significantly higher in the Odontocem and MTA-Angelus groups. However, there was no significant difference between the Odontocemand MTA-Angelus groups.Conclusions: Odontocem and MTA-Angelus have low toxicity for dental applications.
EFFECT OF MOUTHRINSE CONTAINING IMMUNOGLOBULIN-Y ANTI-COMD STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS + CHITOSAN ON QUANTITY OF SALIVARY STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS IN CARIES AND CARIES-FREE SUBJECTS
Authors: BACHTIAR ENDANG WINIATI , IMANINA ADANI NUR , SOEJOEDONO RETNO D , WIBAWAN I WAYAN TEGUH
Published: April 2019

Objective: Immunoglobulin-Y (IgY) anti-ComD Streptococcus mutans is expected to be an alternative passive immunization agent against caries.Chitosan which has an antibacterial property is expected to produce a better result. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of mouthrinsecontaining IgY anti-ComD S. mutans + chitosan on the quantity of salivary S. mutans in caries and caries-free subjects.Methods: Each subject group was given IgY anti-ComD S. mutans mouthrinse and IgY anti-ComD S. mutans + chitosan mouthrinse. Mouthrinse wasused twice a day for 6 days. Salivary S. mutans was cultured in TYS20B agar before and after treatment. The quantity of salivary S. mutans colonieswas counted manually.Results: This study showed that mouthrinse containing IgY anti-ComD S. mutans + chitosan has the potential to decrease the quantity of salivaryS. mutans although not significantly.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE AND CALCIUM HYDROXIDE SEALER ON ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS STRAIN ATCC29212
Authors: PRATHITA TARA , DJAUHARIE NILA KESUMA , MEIDYAWATI RATNA
Published: April 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)sealers on Enterococcus faecalis at various time points after the preparation of the sealer.Methods: Antimicrobial activity of MTA and Ca(OH)2 sealer on E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) was assessed by the direct contact test immediately, 1 day,and 7 days after the preparation of the sealer.Results: The antimicrobial effect of MTA sealer was greatest 1 and 7 days after the preparation of the sealer. The effect of Ca(OH)2 was greatest 1 dayafter the preparation of the sealer.Conclusion: MTA sealer showed constant antimicrobial activity on E. faecalis overtime. By contrast, Ca(OH)2 sealer showed decreasing antimicrobialactivity overtime, with the greatest antimicrobial activity being 1 day after the preparation of the sealer.
EFFECT OF BREADFRUIT LEAF EXTRACT ON THE VIABILITY OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS BIOFILM IN VITRO
Authors: ZULFIKAR SEPTI WARDA , UTAMI SRI , FARIDA RATNA
Published: April 2019

Objective: Breadfruit leaf has potent antibacterial properties that could be used to reduce biofilms in the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was toanalyze the antibacterial effect of the breadfruit leaf extract on the growth of Streptococcus mutans in vitro.Methods: S. mutans ATCC 25175 was cultured in a 96-well plate and incubated at 37°C for 20 h (accumulation phase) and 24 h (maturation phase).The breadfruit leaf extract was added at the following concentrations: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 40%, 80%, and 100%. The viability of S. mutans was testedwith the MTT assay at a wavelength of 490 nm. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.Results: In the accumulation phase, a significant decrease was found in S. mutans viability at different concentrations of the breadfruit leaf extract, butin the maturation phase, a significant decrease was found in the S. mutans viability at the 5% concentration. The other groups decreased significantlycompared with the control group (*p<0.05). The viability of S. mutans after adding the breadfruit leaf extract at all concentrations was lower in theaccumulation phase than that in the maturation phase.Conclusion: In the accumulation phase, breadfruit leaf extract at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, and 100% can reduce S. mutans biofilmviability.
EFFECTIVENESS OF USING SPIRULINA IN CONJUNCTION WITH ARTEMISININ COMBINATION THERAPY AS AN ANTIMALARIAL TREATMENT
Authors: Assegaf Najma , ASTUTY HENDRI
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study investigated whether the herbal plant Spirulina could be used in crude form as an alternative therapy to artemisinin combinationtherapy (ACT) for the treatment of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum.Methods: Mice infected by Plasmodium berghei were treated orally with a single dose of Spirulina (200 or 400 mg/kg body weight [BW]),dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine as a type of ACT, or a combination of the two. The level of parasitemia was then compared between the groups duringthe 4-day post-infection period.Results: There was a significant difference in the change in the level of parasitemia from day 0 to day 4 between groups (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.05).Mice that were treated with both doses of Spirulina alone had a significantly higher parasitemia density than those treated with ACT alone. However,the combination of Spirulina and ACT had a synergistic effect, with 200 mg/kg BW Spirulina + ACT giving significantly better results than ACT alone.Conclusion: These findings indicate that treatment with Spirulina alone cannot be used as antimalarial medication, but its combination with ACT canlead to enhanced antimalarial activity.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTICANCER SCREENING OF TRIAZINE ANALOGUES
Authors: Tiwari Anshuly , Modi Siddharth J. , MAHADIK KAKASAHEB R , Suryawanshi Mugdha R.
Published: April 2019

Objective: The study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of S-5H-[1,2,4]-triazino (5,6-b) indol-3-yl-3,4-phenylethane-thioate derivatives as epidermal growth factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibitors.
Methods: In the present study 14 novel triazine analogues were synthesized and characterized using different spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, NMR and Mass Spectroscopy. The anticancer activity was performed using MCF-7 (breast cancer) and K-562 (leukaemia) cell lines. Further, molecular docking was carried out using Vlife Molecular Docking Software (MDS) on crystal structure of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to identify the binding mode of interaction with an active site.
Results: Compounds MA-7, MA-8, MA-12, MA-13 and MA-14 show potent activity against cancer cell lines in the range of<10 to 84.4 µg/ml. Further molecular docking on EGFR also supports that there is a strong correlation between in silico and in vitro biological activity. The results of this study may be further useful for lead optimization process.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicates that the synthesized triazine analogues can give a potential lead as an anticancer agent.
DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN A SECONDARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: SENTHILSELVI R. , BOOPANA M. , Sathyan Linta , VISUVASAM PRIYA , GANESAN V.
Published: April 2019

Objective: The study was carried out to generate research on drug utilization pattern in paediatric patients in government headquarters hospital, Tiruppur, Tamilnadu, India using world health organization (WHO) and international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core indicator.

Methods: The core prescribing indicators of the world health organization was used to assess the appropriate use of drugs. Index of rational drug prescribing (IRDP) developed by Zhang and Zhi was also used to find out the performance of a health care system in terms of drug utilization.

Results: Out of 859 drugs in 200 cases the highest prescribed drug class is antibiotics 304(35.39%) and the majority of drugs were administered in injectable form 412(47.94%). It was analysed that a majority of prescriptions 117(58.5%) were discharged in between 4-7 d. 161(80.5%) patients were dismissed after completion of treatment. On analysing world health organization (WHO) prescribing core indicators, the average number of drugs per prescription was 4.29 which is higher than double the average number (i.e., 2). This indicates poly-pharmacy practice. 97.78% of drugs were prescribed were the generic name and percentage of encounters with antibiotic prescribed was 90.5% which is thrice greater than world health organization (WHO) standard<30%. Prescribing of injections is not within the world health organization (WHO) recommended range<20% and it was far higher showing 97.5% which is essential for paediatric inpatients. The prescribing practice in paediatric ward is in complete adherence to national essential drug list (EDL) or formulary. The mean value of the index of rational drug prescribing (IRDP) obtained was 3.09 which is very similar to that of optimal value world health organization (WHO).

Conclusion: Prescription by generic name, prescribing drugs from essential drug list (EDL) and free government supply are encouraging findings in this hospital. The result shows poly-pharmacy and overuse of antibiotics are the areas to be concerned. The better clinical outcome shows rational prescribing is practised well.
NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF PLUMERIA RUBRA AGAINST CISPLATIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Authors: YADAV A. V. , UPASANI C. D.
Published: April 2019

Objective: The current study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of standardized hydroalcoholic extract of Plumeria rubra (HAEPR) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. 

Methods: HAEPR was administered orally at 3 dose levels (100,200,400 mg/kg). Vitamin E (250 mg/kg) was used as a Standard nephroprotective agent. The kidney function test (estimation of serum creatinine, albumin, blood urea nitrogen) oxidative stress study (estimation of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde activity) and histological examination of kidneys was conducted.

Results: The efficacy of HAEPR was compared with Cisplatin (CP) treated group. Serum creatinine and BUN was significantly (p<0.01) elevated in CP-treated group compared to the control group. HAEPR (100,200 mg/kg) and Vitamin E (250 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01) decreased the serum creatinine and BUN levels. CP treated group exhibited significant (p<0.01) decrease in albumin when compared to control. Significant (p<0.01) increase in the serum albumin level was found in HAEPR (100,200 mg/kg) and Vitamin E (250 mg/kg) compared to CP group. Significant (p<0.01) decrease in the activity of SOD was observed in the CP group as compared to control. HAEPR (100 and 200 mg/kg) and Vitamin E (250 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01) increased SOD levels. HAEPR (400 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) increased SOD levels. HAEPR (100,200,400 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01) decreased MDA levels as compared to CP group. Histopathological examination of the kidneys showed that HAEPR markedly ameliorated Cisplatin-induced renal tubular necrosis. An extract was found effective at all doses, although low dose (100 mg/kg) was found to be more effective and comparable with the standard group (Vitamin E 250 mg/kg). 

Conclusion: Present investigation revealed that HAEPR resulted in attenuation of Cisplatin-induced renal damage in rats.
DISEASE PREVENTION FUNCTIONAL FOODS FROM THE HIGH POTENTIAL MMP-2 INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF PINEAPPLE JUICE GRANULE
Authors: Ruksiriwanich Warintorn , CHAITEP TANAKARN , LERTWICHA RATCHAPON , JANTRAWUT PENSAK
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study aimed to compare total phenolic acid and protein contents as well as free radical scavenging, enzyme activities of fresh and fermented pineapple juice.
Methods: The dried pineapple juice, prepared by freeze-drying and granulation method, with high bioactive compounds (total phenolic acid and protein contents) and biological activities (scavenging and enzyme activities) from fresh and fermented pineapple juice was developed and evaluated. The selected granules were evaluated for their stability at the 3 different temperatures for 3 mo. The pineapple juice granules were tested for the non-cytotoxic concentration by the SRB assay and Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) inhibition activity on human skin fibroblast.
Results: The pineapple juice granules, the single-coated granules of pineapple juice showed a higher percentage of yield but lower biological contents and activities than that triple-coated granules. The triple-coated granules of pineapple juice exhibited the highest total protein content (1.53±0.10 mg Bovine serum albumin equivalent (BSAE)) with scavenging activity (51.15±5.94 %), and enzyme activity (4156.18±74.78 Casein digestion unit (CDU)/mg). For gelatinolytic activity on MMP-2, the freeze-dried powder and triple-coated granules of pineapple juice indicated the highest MMP-2 inhibition activity of 50.74% and 48.48%, respectively.
Conclusion: The triple-coated granules of pineapple juice could be served as a disease prevention functional food due to its easy operation, high total phenolic acid, and protein contents with high potential MMP-2 inhibition activity.
DESIGN, DOCKING AND SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL BROMO ISATIN INCORPORATED ISOXAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS VEGFR-2 INHIBITORS
Authors: T. RADHIKA , K. SAISREE , V. HARINADHA BABU
Published: April 2019

Objective: To design, synthesize, in vitro Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR-2) assay, antiproliferative activity an Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) studies of some novel bromoisatin incorporated isoxazole derivatives.

Methods: Designed compounds were synthesized by the condensation of different 3-aryl-5-methylisoxazole-4-carbohydrazides (5a-h) with 5-bromoisatin to give the target molecules. To predict the affinity and activity of the ligand molecule the docking program GOLD 3.1 was employed to generate different bioactive binding poses of designing molecules at the active site of protein VEGFR-2. All the synthesized compounds were characterized based on the spectral and elemental analysis data. Antiproliferative activity performed against Human Umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC cell line).

Results: All the synthesized compounds showed the characteristic peaks in FTIR,1H, C[13]NMR and Mass spectral analysis. In molecular docking, all the synthesized compounds (6a-j) exhibited high fitness scores with minimum three bonding interaction with the active site VEGFR-2 kinase. In in-vitro, VEGFR-2 kinase assay, compounds 6a, 6b, 6d and 6e exhibited more than 70% inhibition at a single dose concentration of 5μM. In antiproliferative assay against HUVEC cell lines, compounds 6d and 6e exhibited potent activity with IC50 values in nanomolar concentrations. ADMET results of 6a, 6b, 6d and 6e are quite promising with least hepatotoxicity and good bioavailability.

Conclusion: The derivatives were synthesized in quantitative yields. New derivatives posses antiproliferative activity, least hepatotoxicity and good bioavailability.
Implementación de Taller de Aprendizaje Activo en Aulas masivas para potenciar el rendimiento académico en Química, en estudiantes de Medicina Veterinaria de primer año
Authors: Galleguillos Caamaño Marco Antonio , Osorio Vargas Mónica , Álvarez Lobos Natalia , Caamaño Silva Carlos , González Valderrama Paola , Barbagelata Ravanal María Jesús , Manríquez Gabriel , Adarmes Ahumada Héctor
Published: April 2019

La asignatura de química impartida en primer año de educación superior presenta a los estudiantes dificultad en la comprensión de sus contenidos debido, en parte, a la poca motivación y a la masividad del aula. Para enfrentar esta situación, el equipo docente, en conjunto con el Centro de Aprendizaje Campus Sur (CeACS), desarrollaron y aplicaron un programa de orientación en aulas masivas “Taller de Aprendizaje Activo en Aula” (TA3) dirigido a estudiantes de primer año de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad de Chile (2016). De un total de 257 estudiantes invitados, sólo 76 se inscribieron en el programa. Como resultado se observó un mejor rendimiento en la tercera prueba parcial, en el examen final y en la nota final de la asignatura de la asignatura en el grupo que realizó el taller comparado con aquellos que no asistieron. Estos resultados indican que este tipo de programas de orientación en aulas masivas son eficaces para el desarrollo de habilidades para el aprendizaje de contenidos complejos y abstractos como lo es la química.
Can I borrow your broken gold necklace for my chemistry lab?
Authors: Gómez-Belli Omar , Lozada-Rodríguez Leticia , Rangel-Salas Irma Idalia , Velázquez-López José Miguel , Pelayo-Vázquez José Benito , Peregrina-Lucano Alejandro Aarón , Gallegos-Castillo Saúl , Cortes-Llamas Sara Angélica
Published: April 2019

En este artículo, proponemos una práctica de laboratorio utilizando una pieza de joyería de oro dañada. El oro contenido en dicha pieza, es extraído a través de un sistema de lixiviación que consiste de K3[Fe(CN)6] (ferricianuro de potasio), NaCl (cloruro de sodio), O2 (oxígeno) y NaOH (hidróxido de sodio); el K3[Fe(CN)6] actúa como fuente no tóxica de cianuro, así como agente oxidante junto con el oxígeno. El dicianoaurato ([Au(CN)2]-) obtenido en este proceso, es aislado y caracterizado por métodos espectroscópicos. Debido a simplicidad de este procedimiento y a la toxicidad baja de los reactivos utilizados, esta práctica puede ser realizada en cualquier laboratorio de docencia. Este experimento permite un acercamiento de los estudiantes hacia procesos de lixiviación, de gran importancia en la industria minera.
Breve historia de la Resonancia Magnética Nuclear: desde el descubrimiento hasta la aplicación en imagenología
Authors: Waksman Minsky Noemí , Saucedo Yáñez Alma
Published: April 2019

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy is a high versatile analysis method which has contributed in different fields of scientific knowledge. Initially, its discovery as physical phenomenon caught notable interest. However, applications in chemistry and recently in medicine have had a deeper impact. In a historic context is important to recognize personal contributions of developers of this area of spectroscopy, which is still now generating theoretical and experimental knowledge.
Analysis of the natural frequencies of oscillations of a planar truss with an arbitrary number of panels
Authors: Kirsanov Mikhail N. , Tinkov Dmitriy V.
Published: April 2019

Introduction. Analytical solutions for problems of structural mechanics are not only an alternative approach to solving problems of strength, reliability and dynamics of structures, but also the possibility for simple performance evaluations and optimization of structures. Frequency analysis of planar trusses, most often used in construction and engineering, is an important part of the study of structures. Objectives - development of a three-parameter induction algorithm for deriving the analytical dependence of the natural oscillation frequencies of the truss on the number of panels. Materials and methods. A flat, statically definable truss with one additional external link and double braces has been considered. The inertia properties of the truss are modeled by point masses located in the nodes of the lower straight truss belt. Each mass is assumed to have only one vertical degree of freedom. The stiffness of all truss rods is assumed to be the same. The task is to obtain analytical dependences of the oscillation frequencies of the proposed truss model on the number of panels. The derivation of the desired formulas is performed by the method of induction in three stages - according to the numbers of rows and columns of the compliance matrix, calculated using the Maxwell - Mohr formula and the number of panels. To find common members of the obtained sequences of coefficients, an apparatus was used to compile and solve the recurrent equations of the Maple computer mathematics system. The task of determining frequencies has been reduced to the eigenvalue problem of a bisymmetric matrix. Results. For the elements of the compliance matrix, general formulas have been found, according to which the frequency equations are compiled and solved. It is shown that in the frequency spectra of trusses with different numbers of panels there is always one common frequency (middle frequency) located in the middle of the spectrum. An expression is found for the maximum value of the average oscillation frequency as a function of the height of the truss. Conclusions. The proposed truss scheme, despite its external static indeterminacy and the lattice, which does not allow for the calculation of forces by such methods as the method of cutting nodes and the cross section method, allows analytical solutions for the natural frequencies of loads in the nodes. The obtained formulas have a rather simple form, and some general properties, such as frequency coincidences for different numbers of panels and the presence of an analytically calculated maximum of the average frequency function of the truss height, make this solution convenient for practical structural evaluations.
Epoxy antifriction wollastonite-filled materials
Authors: Gotlib Elena M. , Khasanova Аlmira R. , Galimov Engel R. , Sokolova Аlla G.
Published: April 2019

Introduction. Domestic mineral natural-origin filler ‘wollastonite’, also known as calcium methyl silicate, is widely used as a base for wear-resisting epoxy antifriction materials. Due to anisodiametric shape of its particles, wollastonite functions as a micro reinforcement fibre enhancing adhesion strength and wear resistance of epoxy compositions, improving their antifriction properties, especially when organomodifying by quaternary ammonium salts. In this regard, the investigation of the impact of chemical composition of such surfactants as quaternary ammonium salts on the properties of epoxy compound materials presents utmost interest for researchers developing low-friction materials. Materials and methods. Epoxy diane resin ED-20 was hardened with aminoalkylphenol AF-2. Content of epoxy hardener was determined by equimolar ratio of epoxy groups to amine groups. Domestic wollastonite of the grade Miwoll 10-97 was used as filler, particle length to the diameter correlated as 15:1. The wollastonite surface was activated with surfactants belonging to domestically produced quaternary ammonium salts. Wear resistance of specimens was tested by means of the vertical optical caliper IZV-1. Friction coefficient was estimated with the assistance of the computer-automated frictional machine CSM Instruments Tribometer. Adhesion strength of glue joint was determined as per GOST 28840-90 standard. Two bars of sheet aluminium were used as glued surfaces as per GOST 14759-69 standard. Results. Reduction of wear of epoxy coatings when modified with micro reinforcing wollastonite can be explained by the increase of cross-linking degree of the polymer. The length of alkyl radical of quaternary ammonium salts used for wollastonite surface activation affects the intervals between the epoxy links. As the quaternary ammonium salt chain length is growing, wear of epoxy materials is reducing. Introduction of the wollastonite containing metallic oxides in the epoxy composites increases wear resistance and adhesion strength and reduces coating friction coefficients. Conclusions. Hardened with the AF-2 and filled with the wollastonite of the Miwoll 10-97 grade, the epoxy compound materials have enhanced wear resistance and adhesion strength and lower friction coefficient. The best result is observed when applying wollastonite modified with a surfactant belonging to the class of quaternary ammonium salts. The wollastonite can be used for practical purposes as a perspective reinforcing agent for epoxy materials with improved wear resistance, enhanced adhesion to metals and reduced friction coefficient.
Calculation features of wall panels with monolithic cement bond of layers in the stages of installation, transportation and maintenance
Authors: Korol’ Elena A. , Berlinova Marina N.
Published: April 2019

Introduction. When building residential, public and administrative buildings of various spatial structural designs (monolithic, precast-monolithic, precast, etc.), it is common practice to design self-sustaining (non-structural) outer walls within a storey. Developing and using new design and fabrication solutions of multilayer industrial-made wall panels in modern construction practice makes actual the issue of improving methods of their calculation in different stages of maintenance and under various sorts and combinations of loads and effects. However, there is an infinite variety of possible loading levels in practice and, therefore, the same variety of design approaches would be required. This is obviously unacceptable for engineering calculations, hence it is necessary to provide a monolithic matrix bond of layers, both technologically and structurally, which can provide a generalized approach to the calculation of multilayer enclosing structures in accordance with current design standards. Materials and methods. The article describes structural features of a multilayer wall panel made of structural concrete with the middle layer of concrete with low thermal conductivity and monolithic bond of layers. These features have an influence on creation of a design model and a calculation procedure in the stages of transportation, installation and maintenance. Results. The article has examined the structures described above in the sense of design parameters that provide their competitive advantages in strength and maintenance as compared with conventional mass-built enclosures. Conclusions. The studies demonstrate that when combining loads of force and non-force character, stresses in the considered structure do not exceed allowable values in all the stages what proves the prospects of using the multilayer panels with monolithic bond of layers for erection of various-purpose frame-panel buildings.