bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Impact of Reflecting upon Pharmacy Experts’ Written Career Guidance on Student Professional Identity Formation
Authors: Briceland Laurie L. , Martinez Tatiana
Published: September 2022

Study Objective: To explore the impact of reading and critically reflecting upon professional development guidance provided by pharmacy experts upon student professional identity formation (PIF).
Methods: Fifteen second professional year student pharmacists completed an elective course assignment to read 20 published personal letters from Letters to a Young Pharmacist, in which pharmacy experts offer career and life guidance to novice or student pharmacists. From those, each student selected four letters and for each composed a 500 to 600-word critical reflection describing the impact of the letter, yielding 60 reflections for thematic analysis.  Each author individually analyzed and coded de-identified reflections for up to 3 types of impact. Data were then grouped for similarity and collapsed into themes; overarching evidence of transformative thinking and “eye-opening” were also coded.  
Results: Of 60 reflections, 160 types of impact were identified, and were grouped into five themes.  Most often, students described an impact from Personal Growth (41.3%), followed by Professional Growth (16.9%), Forging Relationships (16.2%), Making an Impact (15%) and Morality (10.6%).   “Eye-opening” and “transformative thinking” was evidenced in 21 of 60 (35%) and 53 of 60 (88.3%) reflections, respectively.    
Conclusions: Student pharmacists experienced growth in PIF by reflecting upon published excerpts from pharmacy experts, as demonstrated by coding for impact and transformative thinking.  This novel method of students’ critically reflecting upon expert’s readings, followed by instructor feedback to reinforce the learning, offers a streamlined and easily implemented modality to enable students PIF development during their didactic curriculum.
Study Model for Information Reconstruction on Cloud Contaminated Area for Single Multispectral Remote Sensing Sentinel-2 Imagery using Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Thi Nhung Do , Vu Dong Pham , Quang Thanh Bui , Van Manh Pham
Published: September 2022

Cloud and cloud shadow cause information loss in optical remote sensing analysis. South East Asia, especially Vietnam, Sentinel-2 imagery has short re-visit cycle and observations tend to be contaminated with cloud and cloud shadow. Traditional cloud removal methods require close date multi-temporal data to avoid seasonal land cover changes. In this study, a method of integrating Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) was proposed. This machine learning model estimates the information loss over cloud contaminated areas on a single Sentinel-2 image. The results show that for images with cloud cover rate under 25%, our model can reconstruct cloudless images with PSNR (25 – 40 dB) and SSIM (0.86 – 0.93) compared to real clear images. On the other hand, with cloud cover rate up to 40%, the model performance will be affected heavily by the distribution of cloud and cloud shadow areas. By investigating DCNN and GAN, our method has proven to be an effective tool to remove cloudy images with low and medium rates, which enriches the clear optical remote sensing data sources for environment monitoring.
Recycling Sprout By-product as Organic Growing Media
Authors: Ngan Ha Nguyen , Anh Tuan Le
Published: September 2022

Sprout by-product is a nutrient-rich organic material but difficult to biodegrade in natural environmental conditions. Sprout by-product includes used media, part of the sprout stems and roots left after harvest. The accumulation of this waste with increasing amounts over time can cause serious environmental pollution in production areas. To reduce waste volume at the resource, this study provided several treatment methods of sprout by-product to effectively recycle it for safe sprout production. The treatment methods proposed for sprout by-product were i) To incubate with microbial product called as EMUNIV for 30 days to create the first organic growing medium - GT2,  pre-treat with 1% lime solution; ii) Mix with dried soybean husk at a ratio of 1:1 to create the second organic growing medium - GT3; or iii) Mix with dried soybean husk in a 1:1 ratio to create the third organic growing medium - GT4. The results showed that the created organic growing media had neutral pH, high organic matter, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content. The treated substrates were not contaminated with some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As) and pathogenic microorganisms (E.coli, Salmonella). Raphanus sativus var. radicula sprouts grown on new organic media had the seed germination rate of 95-98%, normal growing with higher productivity than the control from 1.14 to 1.2 times, crude protein, vitamin C content also higher than the control. Sprouts grown using this recycled media were assessed safe because of not being polluted by heavy metals (Pb, Cd), pathogenic microorganisms (E.coli, Salmonella) and nitrate. The treatment of sprout by-product according to the method for creating organic medium GT2 was most suitable and recommended for sprout production areas.
Circular Economy Approach in Organic Fertilizer Production from Agricultural by-Products in Ba Vi District, Hanoi
Authors: Thi Phuong Tran , Anh Le Hoang , Van Thanh Nguyen
Published: September 2022

: Ba Vi is one of the districts with huge agricultural production activities of Hanoi. Besides the main agricultural products supplied to the market. Ba Vi also generates a large number of agricultural by-products and it is being wasted. In recent times, the model of using two main sources of cow manure and rice straw after harvest to produce organic fertilizer has opened a new direction for local economic development, taking advantage of agricultural by-products. and solve many related environmental problems. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency as well as the accessibility to the circular economy of the organic fertilizer production model in Van Hoa commune, Ba Vi, Hanoi. The results show that organic fertilizer meets the standards with the incubation time of biological products in the range of 60 - 75; pH around 7.1; humidity less than 35%; The organic content is about 37.24 g/kg of manure. At peak times, each month this model is capable of handling more than 150 tons of agricultural by-products, creating jobs for 7 - 10 workers. The development of this organic production method has reduced the amount of straw burned in the field by 8.4%, treated 20.5% of livestock waste in the district, and solved the difficult problem of inorganic fertilizers, approach and application of circular economy, increase the level of waste use.
Result of the 2016 Oxford Classification Apply in Children with Nephritis Caused by Henoch Schonlein Purpura
Authors: Hong Diep Pho , Tuan Dung Trinh , Ngoc Thanh Hoang , Van Dem Pham , Thu Huong Nguyen
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Henoch Schonlein purpura (Henoch Schonlein purpura-HSP) is a systemic inflammatory vasculitis with IgA deposition causing damage to multiple organ systems in which kidney damage can progress to end-stage renal disease. A retrospective study in 70 children with HSP nephritis ≤ 15 years old who had kidney biopsy at the National Children's Hospital for 5 years (2016-2020) and classified according to the updated 2016 Oxford classification criteria. The result showed that the rates of mesangial hypercellularity (M1), endocapillary proliferation (E1), segmental glomerulosclerosis/adhesion (S1), tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T1, T2) and crescent (C1, C2) were 34 (48.6%), 32 (45.7%), 43 (61.4%), 3 (4.3% and 0%) and 47 (51.4% and 15.7%). The Oxford classification applied to the histopathological diagnosis of HSP nephritis helps to comprehensively assess the glomerular injury scores (M, E, S, C) and tubules, interstitial tissue (T), thereby treatment orientation and disease prognosis.

Keywords: Henoch-Schonlein purpura, HSP nephritis in children, Oxford classification criteria.
A Simplified Method for Simultaneous Extraction and Purification of Stevioside and Rebaudioside A from Stevia Rebaudiana Bert. Applying in Pharmaceutical
Authors: Trong Bien Tran , Van Han Nguyen
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana Bert., notably stevioside and rebaudioside A, are ingredients with many pharmaceutical applications. In which rebaudioside A has a uniform sweetness with no bitter aftertaste. A simple method for the simultaneous extraction of stevioside and rebaudioside A has been studied with basic steps including extracting medicinal herbs with water, removing impurities using lime milk, neutralizing with citric acid, purifying with water-saturated n-butanol, and crystallizing fractional to obtain stevioside and rebaudioside A. The spectral data of IR, MS, and NMR have demonstrated the product structure as stevioside and rebaudioside A. This result is a premise for further studies.

Keywords: Stevia rebaudiana, pharmaceutical, stevioside, rebaudioside A.
Screening in silico Alkaloid Compounds Inhibiting Estrogen-α Receptors Against Breast Cancer
Authors: Phuc Loc Bui , Manh Hung Vu , Thi Thuy Nguyen , Hoang Mai Tran , Thi Huong Le , Thi Hong Khanh Do , Thanh Tung Bui
Published: September 2022

Abstract: The estrogen-α (ER-α) receptor is an important target in breast cancer therapy. Alkaloids are a class of plant extracts that have the potential to inhibit ER-α receptors. In this study, we evaluated the ability of alkaloids to inhibit ER-α receptors by molecular docking method. Based on previous publications, we collected 52 alkaloid compounds. The results showed that there were 4 compounds with stronger inhibitory effects on ER-α receptors than positive controls, which are co-crystallized ligands with 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Conducting analysis according to Lipinski's 5-criteria rule and predicting pharmacokinetic-toxicological parameters, we obtained one compound with drug-like properties is Pityriacitrin B. Therefore, this compound has the potential to develop into drugs that inhibit ER-α receptors for breast cancer treatment.

Keywords: Breast cancer, ER-α, molecular docking, alkaloid, Pityriacitrin B.
Protein Drugs
Authors: Linh Nguyen Hue , Hue Pham Thi Minh , Binh Nguyen Thi Thanh , Thanh Tung Bui , Yen Nguyen Thi Hai , Hai Nguyen Thanh
Published: September 2022

Abstract: To serve health care, up to now, sciences have successfully developed many drugs with different effects. In general, in terms of chemical structure and effect characteristics, medicine can be classified into groups including inorganic drugs, small-molecule organic drugs, protein drugs (macromolecules), and recently a new group of drugs has been formed, separate from the protein drug class, which is the RNA drugs. In terms of pharmacological effects, in general, the mechanisms of protein drugs and small-molecule organic drugs do not differ too much because they all act at a particular stage related to pathological manifestations.

Protein drugs in the process of development have gone through many different stages, with different origins, from extraction and isolation from living tissues at an early stage to biosynthesis by recombinant technology and other modern biotechnology methods. To date, most of the proteins used in medicine have been produced through recombinant pathways, possibly through different semisynthetic steps to give the molecules more superior drug properties. Therefore, the group of protein drugs has an additional new name, biopharmaceuticals, to indicate their synthetic origin by biological methods.

The research, development, and application of protein drugs into clinical practice are of great significance, helping to enhance the ability of medicine to control and treat many difficult-to-treat diseases today, bringing many opportunities to have good health for people.

Keywords: Protein drugs, RNA drugs, Biopharmaceuticals, Inorganic drugs, Small-molecule organic drugs, Drug development, Cytokine, Enzyme, Hormone peptide, Stem cell, Recombinant technology, Biosimilar. *
Characteristics of N-acetyltransferase 2 Phenotype Status and Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Vietnam Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Anh Tuan Le , Son Nhat Bui , Thi Luyen Le , Minh Vu Duong  Anh , Ba Hai Le , Thi Thu Trang Tran , Thi Lien Huong Nguyen
Published: September 2022

Abstract: We conducted this research to determine the NAT2 gene-phenotype characteristics and pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters of isoniazid among patients with non-MDR pulmonary tuberculosis. Data were collected from 132 patients diagnosed with newly acquired or relapsed tuberculosis and treated at 03 hospitals: Hanoi Lung Hospital, Central Lung Hospital, and National K74 Hospital. PK samples were collected one day from the 10th – 14th day after commencing treatment. The average age of the recruited patients was 45.43 ± 15.76 years; the majority were male (74.24%). The slow and medium acetylator types, as indicated by NAT2 phenotypes, were the two major types (37.88% and 35.6%, respectively). 61.12% of the patients had their Bayesian isoniazid-acetyl isoniazid population PK modeling - determined Cmax value within the therapeutic range of 3 – 6 µg/mL. Acelytator type showed a statistically significant correlation with Cmax.

Keywords: Isoniazid, pharmacokinetics, Cmax, tuberculosis.
Comments on New Developments in the Law on Environmental Protection 2020 on Environmental Impact Assessment
Authors: Nguyet Le Kim
Published: September 2022

With the process of international economic integration towards green growth and sustainable development in Vietnam, improving the legislation on environmental impact assessment plays an extremely important role. Environmental impact assessment activities have received more and more attention from the State, especially in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country. It can be seen that the legislation on environmental impact assessment in recent years has revealed many inadequacies in the process of law enforcement, and these are also the causes leading to the fact that many investment projects, when implemented in reality, do not meet the requirements for environmental protection, causing serious environmental pollution, greatly affecting public health, and sometimes getting out of control. In order to ensure socio-economic development without causing damage to the human living environment, Vietnam has been gradually approaching international experience in this field to gradually improve regulations on environmental impact assessment implementation process, environmental impact assessment scope definition, public consultation,... The Law on Environmental Protection 2020 consists of many new provisions which drastically reform the current environmental impact assessment process in Vietnam with the goal of improving the environment to ensure the public health and sustainable development.
Implementing Intellectual Property Provisions in New-Generation Free Trade Agreements in the EU
Authors: Nam Do Giang
Published: September 2022

The inclusion of chapters that introduce a high standard of intellectual property protection in free trade agreements has become an essential feature of the international commercial policy of developed countries. Based on the analysis of the legal policies and practices of entering into and implementing commitments on intellectual property in the new generation of free trade agreements of the European Union (EU), this article points out that there are two prominent legal aspects of implementing intellectual property provisions in the new generation of free trade agreements. On the one hand, in comparison to partners being developing countries, the EU has always been in the position of a negotiating party with a superior intellectual property protection system; therefore, the goal of these agreements is to provide “sticks and carrots” to push the developing countries to change their laws, policies, and standards. From the perspective of comparative law theory, the implementation of agreements will lead to the “transplantation and transformation” of intellectual property legislations from the EU to partner countries. On the other hand, in some typical cases related to i) the protection of genetic resources, traditional knowledge, and ii) technology transfer, the developing countries have also gained certain achievements in including the above issues in the agreements; and thereby imposing obligations on the EU to implement these commitments.
Skin camouflage therapy
Authors: Sandhu Jasleen Kaur , Sharma Priyanka
Published: September 2022

Camouflage is defined as a combination of materials, colouration or illumination for concealing something. Skin camouflage therapy is the use of specially formulated products to conceal skin diseases and disfigurements, with the goal of giving a temporarily normal appearance. It gives immediate relief in various dermatological disorders, especially those affecting the visible areas, which are known to be associated with profound psychosocial impact. Despite considerable evidence for its emotional benefits, its utilisation among dermatologists in clinical practice remains low. This article is intended to familiarise dermatologists with the use of skin camouflage therapy including its availability, indications, contraindications, techniques, limitations and future trends.
On some issues of the organization of the transportation of state-owned goods in the Yakut region in the 18th – 1 quarter of 19thcenturies
Authors: Акимова В.С. , Васильев Н.И.
Published: September 2022

В статье рассматриваются вопросы доставки различных грузов на рубеже XVIII – I четверти XIX вв. в отдаленные места Якутской области и к Охотскому морю, которое активизировалось в связи с продвижением и освоением новых территорий на северо-востоке. Эти процессы увеличили потребность доставки грузов до отделенных дальних территорий Российской империи и стали одной из особых сфер деятельности якутов. В статье раскрывается как на протяжении полутора веков подводная повинность – обязательство предоставления лошадей и проводников для перевозки грузов в Охотск и ряд других мест была положена тяжелым бременем на улусы Якутского округа. Показано как будучи обусловленной стратегическими государственными задачами охраны границ, усиление роли России в регионе, вопрос о перевозке грузов якутами был краеугольным камнем взаимоотношений якутов с местной администрацией и царским правительством. Вокруг этого вопроса происходил не только торг о цене перевозок, но и о разделении полномочий и власти над инородцами Якутской области. В статье на основе архивных данных проанализированы вопросы организации и распределения казенных грузоперевозок, вплоть до Охотского порта, Камчатки и Русской Америки, а также его влияние на социально-экономическое положение якутских князцев. Архивные материалы сохранили для науки ценные сведения.

The article is concerned with the delivery of various goods at the turn of the 18th – 1st quarter of the 19th centuries to remote places of the Yakut region and to the Okhotsk Sea, which became more active in connection with the promotion and development of new territories in the Northeast. These processes increased the need for cargo delivery to the separated distant territories of the Russian Empire and became one of the special spheres of activity of the Yakuts. The article reveals how for a century and a half the drayage duty – the obligation to provide horses and guides for the transportation of goods to Okhotsk and a number of other places was put a heavy burden on the uluses of the Yakut district. It is shown how, being conditioned by strategic state tasks of border protection, strengthening the role of Russia in the region, the issue of cargo transportation by Yakuts was the cornerstone of the Yakuts' relationship with the local administration and the tsarist government. Around this issue, there was not only bargaining about the price of transportation, but also about the division of powers and power over the indigenous peoples of the Yakut region. The article analyzes the issues of organization and distribution of state cargo transportation, up to the Port of Okhotsk, Kamchatka and Russian America, as well as its impact on the socio-economic situation of the Yakut feudal lords, based on archival data. Archival materials have preserved valuable information for science.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ФЕРМЕНТНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ НА ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КАЧЕСТВА СБРОЖЕННЫХ СОКОВ РЯБИНЫ ЧЕРНОПЛОДНОЙ
Authors: Шелковская Наталья Кирилловна , Каменская Елена Петровна , Дикалова Елена Сергеевна , Колесниченко Марина Николаевна
Published: September 2022

Разработана технологическая схема приготовления ферментированных соков рябины черноплодной. Новизна исследований заключается в разработке специальной технологии приготовления сброженного сока рябины черноплодной с использованием                ферментых препаратов и винных дрожжей расы Франс Суперстарт. Обработка сырья           ферментными препаратами комплексного действия способствует более полному выходу растворимых сухих веществ, в том числе полифенолов, в жидкую фракцию. В процессе последующего сбраживания образуются новые вещества (продукты гидролиза высокомолекулярных соединений и продукты метаболизма микроорганизмов), дополнительно обогащающие напитки биологически активными соединениями, повышая их полезные свойства, а также улучшая органолептические показатели. Ферментированные соки рябины черноплодной готовили методом микровиноделия сбраживанием нативного сахара до остаточного содержания 0,36-0,59 г/100 г. Накопление летучих кислот 0,12-018 г/дм3, что ниже ПДК (не более 1,20 г/дм3). Сумма полифенолов и антоцианов на высоком уровне – 3070 мг/дм3 и 551,98 мг/дм3 соответственно. Представлены результаты анализов вторичных и побочных продуктов брожения в дистиллятах ферментированных соков рябины черноплодной. Установлено, что использование ферментного препарата Экстрапект Супер Клар позволяет увеличить содержание полифенолов в 1,7 раза, а также сумму побочных продуктов брожения, влияющих на вкус и аромат конечного продукта на 18,2 % по сравнению с контролем без предварительного его использования.
ПЕЧЕНЬЕ С АРАХИСОМ ДЛЯ БЕЗГЛЮТЕНОВОГО ПИТАНИЯ
Authors: Козубаева Людмила Алексеевна , Кузьмина Светлана Сергеевна
Published: September 2022

В последние годы число людей, в том числе детей и подростков, которым запрещено употреблять в пищу белки злаковых культур (глютен) постоянно растет. При этом имеет место социальная депривация – невозможность обеспечения детей «правильным» питанием в образовательных учреждениях из – за недостатка безглютеновых продуктов или неадекватной их стоимости. Цель исследования – разработка рецептур сдобного печенья с ядром арахиса на основе рисовой муки для расширения рынка отечественных безглютеновых  мучных кондитерских изделий. Арахис вносили сырым или обжаренным при температуре 150 – 160 0С после измельчения до крупки, а также в пастообразном состоянии. Добавляли ядра в количестве от 5 % до 20 % к массе муки. Наличие арахиса в рецептуре способствовало получению печенья с приятным «ореховым» запахом и вкусом. Внесение арахиса привело к некоторому уплотнению структуры изделий, однако, потребительские характеристики и физико-химические показатели качества их остались на высоком уровне. По результатам работы установлено, что при производстве безглютенового рисового печенья арахис можно вносить как сырым, так и обжаренным в измельченном виде в количестве, не превышающем 15 % к массе муки, и в пастообразном виде - не более 10 % к массе муки. Таким образом, применение арахиса, как рецептурного компонента, позволяет не только разнообразить ассортиментную линейку безглютеновых изделий за счет совершенствования вкуса и запаха, но и обогатить их полезными нутриентами. Сдобное печенье с арахисом может быть рекомендовано для безглютенового питания
ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА НАТУРАЛЬНЫХ СОКОВ ИЗ ИНТРОДУЦИРОВАННЫХ СОРТОВ ВИНОГРАДА С ТЕМНОЙ ОКРАСКОЙ ЯГОД
Authors: Макарова Галина Александровна , Михайлова Оксана Юрьевна
Published: September 2022

Физико-химические показатели натуральных соков из винограда, произрастающего в условиях лесостепи Алтайского Приобья не изучены, а органолептические свойства только по отдельным сортам, поэтому получение продукции обладающей высоким содержанием биологически активных веществ является актуальной задачей. Цель – исследование качества натурального сока сортового винограда. Из ягод интродуцированных сортов винограда получали натуральные соки прямого отжима. Все изученные сорта пригодны для производства высококачественных натуральных виноградных соков (общая дегустационная оценка 4,5-4,8 балла). Максимальное содержание растворимых сухих веществ определено в образцах сока из сортов Кишмиш уникальный и Хасанский Боуса (20,0-20,3%), сахаров – Кишмиш уникальный (19,5 г/100 г) и Хасанский Боуса (19,1 г/100 г), рН – Агат донской, Зилга, Мускат блау (3,0). Минимальное содержание кислот выявлено в соке из винограда Агат донской (0,6 %). Наиболее привлекательный внешний вид (4,7-4,9 балла), хорошие вкусовые качества (4,6-4,9 балла) и аромат (4,5-4,7 балла), высокие физико-химические показатели имели образцы сока из сортов Зилга, Кишмиш уникальный, Мускат блау, Хасанский Боуса, Экспресс. Из винограда изучаемых сортов можно производить виноградный сок хорошего качества по названию ампелографического сорта
АНАЛИЗ ПРОЦЕССОВ И АППАРАТОВ, РЕАЛИЗУЮЩИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СТАДИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ПИВА
Authors: Кравцова Евгения Владимировна , Новоселов Александр Геннадьевич , Кузнецов Александр Юрьевич , Гуляева Юлия Николаевна
Published: September 2022

Технология промышленного производства пива представляет собой цепочку, логически связанных между собой физических и биохимических процессов, направленных на трансформацию полисахаридов, содержащихся в солодовом сырье, в моно- и дисахариды, которые необходимы для последующих процессов брожения, а также для выращивания засевных дрожжей. Представлено обоснование необходимости изучения этих процессов с помощью методов системного подхода. В статье, на базе трехуровневого системного подхода, рассматривается влияние гранулометрического состава измельченного солодового сырья на вязкостные свойства водно-солодовых растворов. Отмечается, что размер частиц измельченного солода существенно влияет на изменение динамической вязкости водно-солодовых растворов в процессе проведения водно-тепловой ферментативной обработки (ВТФО). Показано, что при проведении стадии ВТФО с водно-солодовыми суспензиями, составленными из частиц измельченного солода со средним диаметром 1 мм, после начала клейстеризации нативного крахмала, значение динамической вязкости резко возрастает в несколько раз. Констатируется, что комплексных исследований такого рода ранее не производилось. Полученные результаты, позволят определить оптимальный средний диаметр частиц измельченного солода, идущего на составление гидромодуля, уточнить кинетику проведения процесса ВТФО, и уменьшить энергозатраты на его проведение
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ФЕНОЛЬНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ В ЭКСТРАКТАХ СЕМЯН БРОККОЛИ
Authors: Эминова Эльмира Рамазановна , Хашим Махмуд Ахмед , Лунёва Ольга Фёдоровна , Жернякова Анастасия Валерьевна , Бараненко Денис Александрович
Published: September 2022

Цель данной работы - исследование общего содержания фенольных соединений и флавоноидов в частности в экстрактах семян брокколи, полученных мацерацией с перемешиванием и ультразвуковой экстракцией. В качестве объекта исследования были использованы водно-этанольные экстракты семян брокколи, полученные мацерацией и экстракцией, дополненной ультразвуковым воздействием с частотой 35 КГц. Проанализировано влияние ультразвуковых волн на степень извлечения фенольных соединений при различных временных интервалах в сравнении с классическим методом экстракции — мацерацией. Установлено, что увеличение длительности ультразвукового воздействия с 10 до 40 минут оказывает деструктивное воздействие на флавоноиды, при этом общее содержание фенольных соединений в экстракте растет. По достижении 30 мин времени экстракции отмечен такой пик насыщения, после которого эффективность экстракции фенольных соединений снижается (увеличение содержания фенольных соединений в экстракте с 20 до 30 мин составляет 15 %, с 30 до 40 минут — 4 %). Мацерация, как более мягкий метод экстракции, эффективна в отношении как фенольных соединений, так и флавоноидов. Степень извлечения последних была максимальной для всех опытов. Эффективность экстракции фенольных соединений при полуторачасовой мацерации была сопоставима с эффективностью ультразвуковой экстракции длительностью 30 минут (12,1 мг и 12,3 мг на 1 г семян брокколи соответственно).
ГИБРИДНЫЕ КОМПОЗИТЫ С ДВУХОСНОВНЫМ СВЯЗУЮЩИМ
Authors: Маркин Виктор Борисович
Published: September 2022

Применение композиционных материалов в современной технике достаточно разнообразно и связано с особенностями их структуры, а также комплексом физико-механических свойств, позволяющих решать сложные эксплуатационные задачи. Одной из таких задач следует признать способность полимерных композиционных материалов работать при температурах, превышающих температуру стеклования полимерного связующего. Разработка гибридных композиционных материалов, основанных на применении связующих двух классов – минерального и полимерного позволит решить ряд проблем, относящихся к повышению температурной стойкости изделий в производстве и даже коммунальном хозяйстве.
СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЭФИРНОГО МАСЛА ИЗ МОЖЖЕВЕЛЬНИКА
Authors: Мацкевич Игорь Викторович , Невзоров Виктор Николаевич , Кох Жанна Александровна
Published: September 2022

Для производства эфирных масел в России имеется большой перечень эфиромасленичного сырья которое можно использовать для промышленного производства эфирных масел. Эфирные масла используются в медицине, косметологии и пищевой промышленности. Многие виды масел используются в качестве ароматизаторов и пищевых добавок. Высокая стоимость импортного сырья и условия санкций заставляют искать источники эфирных масел внутри страны. Можжевельник является вторым по разнообразию среди хвойных деревьев. Препараты, получаемые из древесной зелени можжевельника широко применяются в медицине благодаря значительному содержанию в древесной зелени различных специализированных метаболитов таких как кумарины, флавоноиды, лигнаны, стеролы и терпеноиды, что сделало растение Juniperus фармацевтически ценными. Производство эфирного масла из растений рода Juniperus с использованием технологического процесса методом дистилляции предполагающий использование высоких температур (дистилляция, паровая дистилляция и др.), приводят к потерям некоторых летучих веществ и разложению ненасыщенных или сложноэфирных соединений за счет термического или гидролитического воздействия Целью данного исследования являлось совершенствование технологии производства эфирного масла из древесной зелени и плодов можжевельника с использованием нового технологического оборудования, обеспечивающее сокращение его продолжительности, повышения выхода и качества, вырабатываемого можжевелового эфирного масла. Объект исследования – древесная зелень растений рода Juniperus (Juniperus communis, Juniperus sibirica, Juniperus sabina) заготовленная в Братском районе Иркутской области в сентябре 2021 года. Результаты выполненных исследований показали, что производство эфирного масла из растения рода Juniperus является сложным технологическим процессом из-за сложности структурного разрушения клеток при существующих технологиях и продолжительным по времени. Разработка новой технологии и оборудования позволили обеспечить повышение производительности аппарата и сокращения продолжительности технологической переработки сырья одной загрузки достигается за счет интенсификации процесса паровой обработки эфиромасличного сырья водяным паром, который, проходя через измельченное сырье, перемешивается с частицами эфирного масла, увлекая их за собой в холодильник и далее во флорентину, где происходит разделение конденсата на масло-сырец и флорентинную воду.
Synchronous games with *-isomorphic game algebras
Authors: Harris Samuel J.
Published: September 2022

We establish several strong equivalences of synchronous non-local games, in the sense that the corresponding game algebras are $*$-isomorphic. We first show that the game algebra of any synchronous game on $n$ inputs and $k$ outputs is $*$-isomorphic to the game algebra of an associated bisynchronous game on $nk$ inputs and $nk$ outputs. As a result, we show that there are bisynchronous games with equal question and answer sets, whose optimal strategies only exist in the quantum commuting model, and not in the quantum approximate model. Moreover, we show that there are bisynchronous games with equal question and answer sets that have non-zero game algebras, but no winning quantum commuting strategies, resolving a problem of V.I. Paulsen and M. Rahaman. We also exhibit a $*$-isomorphism between any synchronous game algebra with $n$ questions and $k>3$ answers and a synchronous game algebra with $n(k-2)$ questions and $3$ answers.
Sustainability and efficiency assessment of lignin-derived phenolic synthons’ allylation: in solution versus ball-milling
Authors: BREILLY Damien , FADLALLAH Sami , FROIDEVAUX Vincent , LAMATY Frédéric , ALLAIS Florent , METRO Thomas-Xavier
Published: September 2022

Allylation of phenols, a widely used reaction in multistep synthetic pathways, was herein investigated using mechanochemistry. This synthesis was first optimized on vanillin by varying key parameters including both chemical (e.g., stoichiometry, reaction time) and mechanical (e.g., rotational speed, material, size and number of beads, liquid additive) conditions, leading to the isolation of allylated vanillin at the gram scale in excellent yield (95%). The optimized procedure was also successfully implemented to another bio-based phenol of interest, ethyl ferulate (92% isolated yield). The environmental impact of these procedures was compared with more classical in-solution protocols by calculating E factors. When work-up solvents were not taken into account, E factor (sEF) clearly indicated superiority of the ball-milling approach over the solution-based procedure, underscoring the capacity of ball-mills to drastically reduce the need for “reaction” solvents. On the opposite, when work-up solvents were taken into consideration, E factors (cEF) were in favor of the solvent-based approach, which could be explained by the solvent quantities required to recover the reaction mixture from the ball-mill reactor. Overall, these results highlight i) the great potential of mechanochemistry to enable the development of both efficient and waste-less allylation of lignin-derived phenolic synthons and ii) the need to study higher-scale and continuous mechanochemical processes, such as by using extruders, to further improve efficiency and sustainability of such mechanochemical processes.
A multiconfigurational approach to the electronic structure of electro-generated species of the Re2(μ- Ph2PCH2PPh2)(S2CNEt2)4 complex
Authors: Obies Mohammed
Published: September 2022

The nature of Re-Re bonding in Re2(µ-Ph2PCH2PPh2)(S2CNEt2)4 complex, including its neutral (10) and two oxidized (1+ and 12+) species, was explored utilizing state-of-the-art quantum chemical methodologies within density functional theory (DFT) and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF). Our results show that the ground state electron configuration of the 10 is σ^2 π^4 δ^2 δ^(*2) with an effective bond order (EBO) of 2.73 computed with CASSCF. The oxidation discloses an electron removal from a metal-based orbital, giving 1+ and 12+ with an EBO of 2.71 and 2.64, respectively. The relative similarity in EBO values among neutral and oxidized species suggests that the oxidation processes have almost no effect on the Re-Re bond strength even though electrons removal from metal-based orbitals because the electrons that occupied the δ components of Re-Re bonds in 1+ and 12+ localized on the two Re ions, thus, they were excluded from EBO estimation.
Advanced insights towards electrochemical urea synthesis: Strategic design and techno–commercial compatibility
Authors: Paul Sourav , Adalder Ashadul , Ghorai Uttam Kumar
Published: September 2022

The industrial production of urea involves two sequential steps, reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia followed by the reaction of the ammonia with carbon dioxide, so the process is capital expensive, massive energy consuming and complex synthesis process with multiple cycles to increase the production efficiency. The electrocatalytic C–N coupling reaction to specifically produce urea by simultaneous activation followed by co-reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen sources (N2, NO2– or NO3–) at ambient condition presents a sustainable and eco-friendlier alternate route for urea production by a single step process. However, there are several challenges like adsorption capabilities of the reactants on the substrates followed by activation, suppression of hydrogen evolution reaction and finally effective C–N bond formation to specifically produce urea. In this work we showcase the road map of the electrocatalytic green urea production, with concise yet precise discussion on potential electrocatalyst, electrochemical working cell, mechanistic insight of urea synthesis, techno–commercial aspects and finally conclude with the future prospect of the green urea production.
Programmed Heterocycle Synthesis Using Halomucononitriles as Zincke Nitrile Precursors
Authors: Zahara Adam , Haines Brandon , Wilkerson-Hill Sidney
Published: September 2022

The isomeric imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and pyrrolo[2,3-b]-pyridine (7-azaindole) heterocyclic cores are “privileged structures” due in part to their ability to interact with a multitude of different receptors, making them essential to the drug discovery process. Imidazo[1,2,-a]pyridine and 7-azaindole, though structurally related, are typically independently synthesized from 2-aminopyridine starting materials. Herein we report a method to convert primary amines, ubiquitous motifs found in pharmaceutical libraries, to either imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines or 7-alkyl azaindoles in two steps. Using halomucononitrile reagents, we can directly access 5-bromo-6-imino-1-alkyl-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carbonitriles (pyridinimines) in a single step from primary amines (25–95% yield) through a cyclization of transient Zincke nitrile intermediates. We then demonstrate that these compounds can be readily converted to 7-alkylazaindoles using Sonogashira cross-coupling conditions (14 examples, up to 91% yield). Under oxidative conditions, the pyridinimines serve as directing groups for C–H functionalization reactions to afford imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. We have studied the mechanism of the cyclization event using DFT calculations and propose this takes place via ketenimine intermediates.
Chemical Recycling of Polyethylene by Tandem Catalytic Conversion to Propylene
Authors: Wang Nicholas , Strong Garrett , DaSilva Vanessa , Gao Lijun , Huacuja Rafael , Konstantinov Ivan , Rosen Mari , Nett Alex , Ewart Sean , Geyer Roland , Scott Susannah , Guironnet Damien
Published: September 2022

Although polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are by far the world’s largest volume plastics, only a tiny fraction of these energy-rich polyolefins is currently recycled. Depolymerization of PE to its constituent monomer, ethylene, is highly endothermic and conventionally accessible only through unselective, high temperature pyrolysis. Here, we provide experimental demonstrations of our recently proposed tandem catalysis strategy which uses ethylene to convert PE to propylene, the commodity monomer used to make PP. The approach combines rapid olefin metathesis with rate-limiting isomerization. Mono-unsaturated PE is progressively disassembled at modest temperatures via many consecutive ethenolysis events, resulting selectively in propylene. Fully saturated PE can be converted to unsaturated PE starting with a single transfer dehydrogenation to ethylene, which produces a small amount of ethane (one equiv. per dehydrogenation event). These principles are demonstrated using both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. While selectivity under batch conditions is limited at high conversion by the formation of an equilibrium mixture of olefins, high selectivity to propylene (≥ 94 %) is achieved in a semi-continuous process due to continuous removal of propylene from the reaction mixture.
A QUENCHED SIZE-EXPANDED NUCLEOTIDE REPORTS ACTIVITY OF THE LEUKEMIA BIOMARKER TdT
Authors: Pals Mathijs , Velema Willem Arend
Published: September 2022

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) is a template-independent DNA polymerase that plays an essential role in the human adaptive immune system and is upregulated in several types of leukemia. It has therefore gained interest as a leukemia biomarker and potential therapeutic target. Herein, we describe a FRET-quenched fluorogenic probe based on a size-expanded deoxyadenosine that reports directly on TdT enzymatic activity. The probe enables real-time detection of primer extension and de novo synthesis activity of TdT and displays great selectivity over other polymerase enzymes. Importantly, TdT activity and its response to treatment with a promiscuous polymerase inhibitor could be monitored in human T-lymphocyte cell extract using a simple fluorescence assay. Finally, employing the probe in a high-throughput assay resulted in the identification of a nonnucleoside TdT inhibitor.
Sequence-Specific Recognition of Double-Stranded DNA by Using Only PNAs in Parallel with Natural Nucleobases
Authors: Shibata Masanari , Aiba Yuichiro , Hibino Masaki , Shoji Osami
Published: September 2022

The sequence-specific recognition of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is a key property for the control of DNA function. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) can be utilised for the direct recognition of dsDNA via the formation of a unique invasion complex. Strand invasion by PNA induces local changes in the structure of dsDNA and is useful for the regulation of gene expression and genome editing. However, the fact that nucleobases modification is required for efficient invasion, has stymied the wide-spread application of PNA. Herein, we succeeded in the efficient recognition of target dsDNA sequences via formation of invasion complex by utilising only parallel-stranded and unmodified PNAs. This approach also streamlines synthesis by permitting the use of a peptide synthesiser rather than the manual synthesis we had been dependent upon for nucleobase-modified PNAs. Our new method also exhibited high sequence specificity and flexibility for target dsDNA sequences.
Combined endovascular and microsurgical treatment of multiple cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Shchehlov D.V. , Hnelytsia O.P. , Gudym M.S. , Svyrydiuk O.E. , Vyval M.B.
Published: September 2022

Recent advances in interventional neuroradiology brought all multiple cerebral aneurysms (MCA) could be occluded using endovascular techniques. A multimodal approach (combined microsurgical and endovascular) should be considered as a possible treatment option for MCA to improve treatment outcomes by simplifying the technical complexity of endovascular occlusion and providing sustained long-term occlusion.Objective ‒ to analyze the results of combined microsurgical and endovascular treatment of MCA.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of evaluation and surgical treatment of 172 patients with MCA in Scientific-practical Center of Endovascular Neuroradiology NAMS of Ukraine from April 2016 to February 2022. In 7 (4.1 %) patients, combined endovascular and microsurgical treatment of MCA was done.Results. In 7 patients (4 women and 3 men, mean age ‒ 39.3 years), 19 aneurysms (size from 3 to 15 mm) were detected, of which 15 (78.9 %) were located in the anterior semicircle, 4 (21.1 % ) ‒ in the posterior. All aneurysms of the basilar circulation were excluded using endovascular approach. In 4 (57.1 %) patients, the aneurysms were ruptured. Ten (52.6 %) aneurysms were occluded endovascularly (6 with coil s only, 2 with balloon-assisted coiling, 1 with stent-assisted coiling, and 1 with flow-deverter stent), 9 (47.4 %) aneurysms were clipped. One (5.3 %) periprocedural complication after endovascular treatment was noted ‒ prolapse of the coil into the vessel. In 2 (22.2 %) cases, residual aneurysm was detected after clipping, which was occluded with coils. The rate of total aneurysm occlusion at discharge was 94.7 %. All patients were discharged from the hospital with favorable results (score ≤2 points on the modified Rankine scale). Stable effective occlusion after 3 months was noted in 17 (89.5 %) aneurysms, 2 (10.5 %) aneurysms were filled at the level of the neck.Conclusions. Combined endovascular and microsurgical treatment is a technically feasible treatment option for MCA and is considered in patients where the conventional approach with either method has failed or is associated with a high risk of complications. Our series has demonstrated the safety and efficacy of combined MCA treatment.
Spontaneous occlusion of the cerebral arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Shchehlov D.V. , Svyrydiuk O.E. , Chebanyuk S.V. , Slobodian O.V. , Vyval M.B.
Published: September 2022

Spontaneous occlusion of arteriovenous malformations (AVM), characterized by complete disappearance of the AVM nidus and early venous drainage, and is a rare. The frequency of this phenomenon varied from 0.1 to 1.3 %.We analyzed two cases of spontaneous occlusion of cerebral AVMs with a non-hemorrhagic debut after 3 and 13 years in women aged 28 and 40 years, respectively. In both cases AVM was diagnosed during routine neuroimaging because of headache. Both patients had superficial small malformations. After discussing the risks of surgical treatment, both patients refused to perform any intervention. Scheduled angiography was performed 3 years after the diagnosis to follow-up the course of the disease and revealed complete disappearance of the AVM. Another patient noted persistent regression of headache after 3 years. Follow-up angiography was performed 13 years after diagnosis and confirmed spontaneous occlusion of the AVM. Given the data on the recurrence of the disease after spontaneous occlusion, such patients require long-term follow-up.When an AVM ruptures, hemodynamic changes may explain the thrombosis of the malformation, but the mechanisms of spontaneous occlusion in non-ruptured AVM remain unclear.
Use of telemedicine in neuro intervention practice
Authors: Shchehlov D.V. , Fiehler J. , Kalousek V. , Vyval M.B. , Svyrydiuk O.E. , Kyselyova A.A.
Published: September 2022

A decade ago, telemedicine was considered a cumbersome and unattainable technology, but now the rapid development of telecommunications provides the basis for its dissemination as a reliable and useful direction in treatment. This method of medical care has recently begun to be used in Ukraine.Interventional neuroradiology is one of the most technologically advanced and leading areas of modern medicine with a wide range of tools for minimally invasive treatment of various vascular pathologies of the nervous system. Over the past 3 years, due to the restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the russian-ukrainian war, cooperation between specialists in this field has become much more complicated. And first of all it concerns the education of the specialists and the introduction of new methods of endovascular treatment in Ukraine. In such conditions, the integration of telemedicine into clinical practice is one of the priorities.