bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pterygosphenoidal Triangle: Surgical Anatomy and Case Series in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Xu Yuanzhi , Asmaro Karam , Mohyeldin Ahmed , Zhang Michael , Nunez Maximiliano Alberto , Mao Ying , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

Safe exposure of the lacerum segment of the carotid artery remains a challenge in endoscopic endonasal surgery.

OBJECTIVE:

To introduce the pterygosphenoidal triangle as a novel and reliable landmark for facilitating access to the foramen lacerum.

METHODS:

Fifteen colored silicone–injected anatomic specimens were dissected using an endoscopic endonasal approach to the foramen lacerum region in a stepwise manner. Twelve dried skulls were studied and 30 high-resolution computed tomography scans were analyzed to measure the borders and angles of the pterygosphenoidal triangle. Surgical cases incorporating the foramen lacerum exposure between July 2018 and December 2021 were reviewed to provide surgical outcomes of the proposed surgical technique.

RESULTS:

The pterygosphenoidal triangle is delineated by the pterygosphenoidal fissure medially and the vidian nerve laterally. The palatovaginal artery is located at the base of the triangle anteriorly, while the apex is formed by the pterygoid tubercle posteriorly, which leads to the anterior wall of the foramen lacerum and lacerum internal carotid artery. In the reviewed surgical cases, 39 patients underwent 46 foramen lacerum approaches for resection of pituitary adenoma (12 patients), meningioma (6 patients), chondrosarcoma (5 patients), chordoma (5 patients), or other lesions (11 patients). There were no carotid injuries or ischemic events. Near-total resection was achieved in 33 (85%) of 39 patients (gross-total in 20 [51%]).

CONCLUSION:

This study details the pterygosphenoidal triangle as a novel and practical anatomic surgical landmark for safe and effective exposure of the foramen lacerum in endoscopic endonasal surgery.
4931414P19Rik, a microglia chemoattractant secreted by neural progenitors, modulates neuronal migration during corticogenesis
Authors: Mestres Ivan , Calegari Federico
Published: April 2023

Communication between the nervous and immune system is crucial for development, homeostasis and response to injury. Before the onset of neurogenesis, microglia populate the central nervous system, serving as resident immune cells over the course of life. Here, we describe new roles of an uncharacterized transcript upregulated by neurogenic progenitors during mouse corticogenesis: 4931414P19Rik (hereafter named P19). Overexpression of P19 cell-extrinsically inhibited neuronal migration and acted as chemoattractant of microglial cells. Interestingly, effects on neuronal migration were found to result directly from P19 secretion by neural progenitors triggering microglia accumulation within the P19 targeted area. Our findings highlight the crucial role of microglia during brain development and identify P19 as a previously unreported player in the neuro-immune crosstalk.
Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer
Authors: McKigney Niamh , Houston Fergus , Ross Ellen , Velikova Galina , Brown Julia , Harji Deena Pravin
Published: April 2023

Background

The availability of high-quality patient-reported outcome (PRO) data is crucial to guiding shared decision-making in the context of locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC), where potential treatment benefits must be balanced against the impact of both the disease and treatment on PROs, such as quality of life. This review aimed to identify the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) currently being reported in LRRC and to appraise the methodological quality of studies using these measures.

Methods

PubMed, Embase and CINAHL databases were searched, including studies published up until 14th September 2022. Studies in adults with LRRC reporting PROMS as a primary or secondary outcome measure were included. Data were extracted concerning the methodological quality of the reporting of PROMs using criteria informed by the CONSORT-PRO checklist and the psychometric properties of the PROMs identified using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist.

Results

Thirty-five studies including 1914 patients with LRRC were identified. None of the studies included in the review met all eleven criteria for the quality of reporting of PROMs. Seventeen PROMs and two clinician-reported outcome measures were identified, none of which have been validated for use in patients with LRRC.

Conclusions

None of the PROMs which are currently being used to report PROs in LRRC have been validated for use in this cohort of patients. Future studies in this disease area should focus on utilising PROMs that have undergone a robust development process including patients with LRRC, to produce data which is high quality, accurate and relevant.
Functional Group Evaluation Kit for Digitalization of Information on the Functional Group Compatibility and Chemoselectivity of Organic Reactions
Authors: Saito Natsuki , Nawachi Anna , Kondo Yuta , Choi Jeesoo , Morimoto Hiroyuki , Ohshima Takashi
Published: April 2023

Digitalization of information on organic reactions is essential for developing next-generation organic syntheses with artificial intelligence and machine-learning (ML) methods. In this regard, reliable information on functional group compatibility and chemoselectivity is critical for understanding the applicability of the reactions. Herein, we report the digitalization of organic reactions using a functional group evaluation (FGE) kit that allows for accurate and rapid assessment of information on the functional group compatibility and chemoselectivity of given organic reactions. Our 26 FGE compounds were used to evaluate 4 types of organic reactions (i.e., cross-coupling, proline-catalyzed aldol, condensation, and ketimine synthesis reactions). As a result, we obtained valuable information for developing a new model of retrosynthetic analysis tools and a deeper understanding of these reactions.
Periodismo de verificación en formato vertical: narrativas multimedia de los verificadores en TikTok.
Authors: Arrieta-Castillo Carolina , Rubio Jordán Ana Virginia
Published: April 2023

Las cuentas que las agencias de fact-checking o verificación de hechos crean en redes sociales como TikTok contribuyen a dar respuesta a dos de los principales desafíos que la actividad periodística encuentra en la actualidad: el fenómeno de la desinformación y la influencia de los medios sociales en la difusión de las noticias falsas. En este artículo se analizan las narrativas que construye el periodismo de verificación en la red social TikTok, caracterizada por los vídeos breves en formato vertical. El objetivo principal de la investigación es comprender las características multimedia de los discursos de los verificadores en la red social, así como la identificación de los principales desafíos y oportunidades a los que se enfrentan las narrativas de verificación en TikTok. Para ello se aplica un análisis de contenido que combina las técnicas cualitativas con técnicas cuantitativas de estadística simple y en el que se establecen categorías discursivas y de narrativa multimedia. Los resultados muestran que las decisiones respecto al enfoque en las temáticas, el uso de la multimedialidad y el lenguaje interactivo configuran perfiles de verificadores diferenciados. En la investigación se concluye que la alianza de fuerzas entre el periodismo de verificación y la red social TikTok puede ser una herramienta de gran valor para la alfabetización digital de la sociedad.
El estudio de la estructura mediática. Análisis de las percepciones del alumnado de comunicación.
Authors: Cañedo Azahara
Published: April 2023

La enseñanza de materias vinculadas a la estructura mediática presenta una dificultad procedimental para el profesorado universitario de comunicación, tanto por tratarse de una materia viva como por la complejidad de los contenidos para el estudiantado, alejado en sus dinámicas e intereses diarios de la acción del mercado. Sin embargo, en los estudios publicados al respecto en el contexto español, esta realidad solo se ha visto reflejada desde el punto de vista del profesorado. Por ello, esta investigación busca paliar un vacío teórico y pone el foco en la visión del estudiantado, con el objetivo de conocer sus percepciones sobre la materia. Así, a partir del estudio de caso de la asignatura ‘Estructura Global de los Medios’, impartida en los grados de comunicación de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, se presenta un análisis de tipo exploratorio por el que se distribuyeron dos cuestionarios alternos, antes y después de la impartición de la asignatura, entre el alumnado matriculado durante el año 2022. Los resultados indican que el estudiantado se enfrenta a la materia con prejuicios. Si bien, tras el proceso docente, reconocen su interés y destacan su utilidad como comunicadores y como ciudadanos.
Mediação parental no uso do YouTube: Um estudo de caso no Brasil.
Authors: Palazi Amorim Laura , Soares Carolina , Tesche Oliveira Julia Poloniato , de Deus Diego Sebastião , Nogueira Adinan
Published: April 2023

Este estudo de caso teve o objetivo de compreender de que maneira as famílias se portam mediante o consumo de conteúdo das (os) filhas (os) na plataforma YouTube. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário on-line que foi aplicado a pais de alunos de colégios públicos e particulares da cidade de Poços de Caldas, em Minas de Gerais, no Brasil. Como referencial teórico, discutiu-se a presença da infância nos meios digitais na contemporaneidade, por meio do comportamento das crianças descritas com base nos direcionamentos de Tomé e Borges (2019), dada a relevância em desvendar de que modo os pais monitoram e medeiam este processo; assim como os estilos parentais de Baumrind (1991), no sentido de identificar qual tipo de comportamento dos responsáveis foi mais presente entre as respostas e resultados elucidados. Além disso, discutiu-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de competências midiáticas por parte das crianças com base em Potter (2015). Partiu-se da hipótese de que haveria diferenças na mediação e estilos parentais a partir de questões socioeconômicas e de gênero. A análise estatística dos dados e das variáveis mostrou que a principal diferença na mediação está relacionada ao gênero: já que as mães possuem maior participação na mediação das crianças e se caracterizam por administrar uma responsabilidade simbólica acerca do comportamento delas na plataforma; enquanto os pais possuem uma responsabilidade material no sentido de fornecer às (aos) filhas (os) dispositivos tecnológicos digitais que lhes permitem acessar e navegar pela rede.
A case of dens invaginatus associated with unusual crown morphology
Authors: Murphy Ian , Noar Joseph , Feinberg Lee W
Published: April 2023

Dens invaginatus occurs in varied forms with potential impact on the restorability, potential for pulpal infection of the tooth and difficulty in undertaking endodontic treatment of the tooth. Diagnosis of dens invaginatus and the particular type of dens invaginatus can be challenging. This article describes abnormality of crown morphology, a classification of dens invaginatus, and its pathology and illustrates the diagnosis and management of an unusual case of dens invaginatus in a maxillary left second permanent molar diagnosed with the help of CBCT.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dens invaginatus is a common occurrence and therefore all dentists need to have an appreciation of it.
Assessing inferior dental nerve injury risk in orthograde root canal treatment
Authors: Cruci Paul , Gaon Allen , Crean St John , Brown Jackie , Rout John
Published: April 2023

Nerve injury associated with root canal treatment is relatively rare, but can lead to significant morbidity. The role of 2D and 3D radiography in case assessment is explored and a new three-tier grading system is proposed to aid in risk assessment and clinical decision-making. This grading system would assist dentists to fully appraise patients, gain appropriate informed consent and guide treatment of endodontic cases where there is an increased risk of nerve injury.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: A new three-tier grading system to assist in the pre-operative assessment and risk management of endodontic cases where there is an increased risk of nerve injury is proposed.
Optimal trade-off filters for compressed Raman classification and spectrum reconstruction
Authors: Justel Timothée , Galland Frédéric , Roueff Antoine
Published: April 2023

Compressed Raman spectroscopy is a promising technique for fast chemical analysis. In particular, classification between species with known spectra can be performed with measures acquired through a few binary filters. Moreover, it is possible to reconstruct spectra by using enough filters. As classification and reconstruction are competing, designing filters allowing one to perform both tasks is challenging. To tackle this problem, we propose to build optimal trade-off filters, i.e., filters so that there exist no filters achieving better performance in both classification and reconstruction. With this approach, users get an overview of reachable performance and can choose the trade-off most fitting their application.
Efficient surface defect identification for optical components via multi-scale mixed Kernels and structural re-parameterization
Authors: Liang Xiao , Zhen Hancen , Wang Xuewei , Li Jie , Han Yanjun , Guo Jingbo
Published: April 2023

Surface defect identification plays a vital role in defective component rapid screening tasks in optics-related industries. However, the weakness and complexity of optical surface defects pose considerable challenges to their effective identification. To this end, a deep network based on multi-scale mixed kernels and structural re-parameterization is proposed to identify four manufacturing and two non-manufacturing optical surface defects. First, we design a multi-size mixed convolutional kernel with multiple receptive fields to extract rich shallow features for characterizing the defects with varying scales and irregular shapes. Then, we design an asymmetric mixed kernel integrating square, horizontal, vertical, and point convolutions to capture rotationally robust middle-and-deep features. Moreover, a structural re-parameterization strategy is introduced to equivalently convert the multi-branch architecture in the training phase into a deploy-friendly single-branch architecture in the inference phase, so that the model can obtain higher inference speed without losing any performance. Experiments on an optical surface defect dataset demonstrate that the proposed method is efficient and effective. It achieves a remarkable accuracy of 97.39% and an ultra-fast inference speed of 201.76 frames/second with only 5.23M parameters. Such a favorable accuracy–speed trade-off is capable of meeting the requirements of real-world optical surface defect identification applications.
High-speed modulation in a waveguide magneto-optical switch with impedance-matching electrode
Authors: Yajima Shun , Nishiyama Nobuhiko , Shoji Yuya
Published: April 2023

A magneto-optical switch responding to signal with 200 ps rise time was demonstrated. The switch uses current-induced magnetic field to modulate the magneto-optical effect. Impedance-matching electrodes were designed to apply high-frequency current and accommodate the high-speed switching. A static magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet was applied orthogonal to the current-induced ones and acts as a torque and helps the magnetic moment reverse its direction which assist the high-speed magnetization reversal.
Optimizing the performance of a monolithic Tm3+, Ho3+-codoped fiber laser by FBG reflected wavelength and fiber gain matching
Authors: Motard Arnaud , Louot Christophe , Manek-Hönninger Inka , Dalloz Nicolas , Hildenbrand-Dhollande Anne
Published: April 2023

We present the optimization of a 2.1-µm continuous wave monolithic single-oscillator laser by adapting the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) reflected wavelength to the maximum gain wavelength of the Tm3+, Ho3+-codoped fiber. Our study examines the power and spectral evolution of the all-fiber laser and demonstrates that matching these two parameters improves the overall performance of the source.
Submerged single-photon LiDAR imaging sensor used for real-time 3D scene reconstruction in scattering underwater environments
Authors: Maccarone Aurora , Drummond Kristofer , McCarthy Aongus , Steinlehner Ulrich K. , Tachella Julian , Garcia Diego Aguirre , Pawlikowska Agata , Lamb Robert A. , Henderson Robert K. , McLaughlin Stephen , Altmann Yoann , Buller Gerald S.
Published: April 2023

We demonstrate a fully submerged underwater LiDAR transceiver system based on single-photon detection technologies. The LiDAR imaging system used a silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector array fabricated in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology to measure photon time-of-flight using picosecond resolution time-correlated single-photon counting. The SPAD detector array was directly interfaced to a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) for real-time image reconstruction capability. Experiments were performed with the transceiver system and target objects immersed in a water tank at a depth of 1.8 meters, with the targets placed at a stand-off distance of approximately 3 meters. The transceiver used a picosecond pulsed laser source with a central wavelength of 532 nm, operating at a repetition rate of 20 MHz and average optical power of up to 52 mW, dependent on scattering conditions. Three-dimensional imaging was demonstrated by implementing a joint surface detection and distance estimation algorithm for real-time processing and visualization, which achieved images of stationary targets with up to 7.5 attenuation lengths between the transceiver and the target. The average processing time per frame was approximately 33 ms, allowing real-time three-dimensional video demonstrations of moving targets at ten frames per second at up to 5.5 attenuation lengths between transceiver and target.
Reverberant optical coherence elastography using multifocal acoustic radiation force
Authors: Mekonnen Taye , Schill Alexander W. , Zevallos-Delgado Christian , Singh Manmohan , Aglyamov Salavat R. , Larin Kirill V.
Published: April 2023

In this study, we introduce a multifocal acoustic radiation force source that combines an ultrasound transducer and a 3D-printed acoustic lens for application in reverberant optical coherence elastography (Rev-OCE). An array of plano–concave acoustic lenses, each with an 11.8 mm aperture diameter, were used to spatially distribute the acoustic energy generated by a 1 MHz planar ultrasound transducer, producing multiple focal spots on a target plane. These focal spots generate reverberant shear wave fields detected by the optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The effectiveness of the multifocal Rev-OCE system in probing mechanical properties with high resolution is demonstrated in layered gelatin phantoms.
High-resolution dynamic consistency analysis of photonic time-delay reservoir computer
Authors: Oliverio Lucas , Rontani Damien , Sciamanna Marc
Published: April 2023

We numerically investigate a time-delayed reservoir computer architecture based on a single-mode laser diode with optical injection and optical feedback. Through a high-resolution parametric analysis, we reveal unforeseen regions of high dynamic consistency. We demonstrate furthermore that the best computing performance is not achieved at the edge of consistency, as previously suggested in a coarser parametric analysis. This region of high consistency and optimal reservoir performances is highly sensitive to the data input modulation format.
Deep learning-assisted frequency-domain photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Tserevelakis George J. , Barmparis Georgios D. , Kokosalis Nikolaos , Giosa Eirini Smaro , Pavlopoulos Anastasios , Tsironis Giorgos P. , Zacharakis Giannis
Published: April 2023

Frequency-domain photoacoustic microscopy (FD-PAM) constitutes a powerful cost-efficient imaging method integrating intensity-modulated laser beams for the excitation of single-frequency photoacoustic waves. Nevertheless, FD-PAM provides an extremely small signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which can be up to two orders of magnitude lower than the conventional time-domain (TD) systems. To overcome this inherent SNR limitation of FD-PAM, we utilize a U-Net neural network aiming at image augmentation without the need for excessive averaging or the application of high optical power. In this context, we improve the accessibility of PAM as the system’s cost is dramatically reduced, and we expand its applicability to demanding observations while retaining sufficiently high image quality standards.
Active fluorescent modulation for low-noise super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Cheng Xue , Li Qi , Duan Yiqun , Chen Yan , Teng Junlin , Chu Saisai , Yang Hong , Wang Shufeng , Gong Qihuang
Published: April 2023

Extracting the position of individual molecular probes with high precision is the basis and core of super-resolution microscopy. However, with the expectation of low-light conditions in life science research, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases and signal extraction faces a great challenge. Here, based on temporally modulating the fluorescence emission at certain periodical patterns, we achieved super-resolution imaging with high sensitivity by largely suppressing the background noise. We propose simple bright-dim (BD) fluorescent modulation and delicate control by phase-modulated excitation. We demonstrate that the strategy can effectively enhance signal extraction in both sparsely and densely labeled biological samples, and thus improve the efficiency and precision of super-resolution imaging. This active modulation technique is generally applicable to various fluorescent labels, super-resolution techniques, and advanced algorithms, allowing a wide range of bioimaging applications.
3D Incoherent Imaging Using an Ensemble of Sparse Self-Rotating Beams
Authors: Anand Vijayakumar , Bleahu Andrei , gopinath shivasubramanian , Kahro Tauno , Angamuthu Praveen Periyasamy , Rajeswary Aravind Simon John Francis , Prabhakar Shashi , Kumar Ravi , Salla Gangireddy , Singh Ravindra , Kukli Kaupo , Tamm Aile , Rosen Joseph
Published: April 2023

Interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) is one of the simplest incoherent holography techniques. In I-COACH, the light from an object is modulated by a coded mask, and the resulting intensity distribution is recorded. The 3D image of the object is reconstructed by processing the object intensity distribution with the pre-recorded 3D point spread intensity distributions. The first version of I-COACH was implemented using a scattering phase mask, which makes its implementation challenging in light-sensitive experiments. The I-COACH technique gradually evolved with the advancement in the engineering of coded phase masks that retain randomness but improve the concentration of light in smaller areas in the image sensor. In this direction, I-COACH was demonstrated using weakly scattered intensity patterns, dot patterns and recently using accelerating Airy patterns, and the case with accelerating Airy patterns exhibited the highest SNR. In this study, we propose and demonstrate I-COACH with an ensemble of self-rotating beams. Unlike accelerating Airy beams, self-rotating beams exhibit a better energy concentration. In the case of self-rotating beams, the uniqueness of the intensity distributions with depth is attributed to the rotation of the intensity pattern as opposed to the shifts of the Airy patterns, making the intensity distribution stable along depths. A significant improvement in SNR was observed in optical experiments.
The travel speeds of large animals are limited by their heat-dissipation capacities
Authors: Dyer Alexander , Brose Ulrich , Berti Emilio , Rosenbaum Benjamin , Hirt Myriam R.
Published: April 2023

Movement is critical to animal survival and, thus, biodiversity in fragmented landscapes. Increasing fragmentation in the Anthropocene necessitates predictions about the movement capacities of the multitude of species that inhabit natural ecosystems. This requires mechanistic, trait-based animal locomotion models, which are sufficiently general as well as biologically realistic. While larger animals should generally be able to travel greater distances, reported trends in their maximum speeds across a range of body sizes suggest limited movement capacities among the largest species. Here, we show that this also applies to travel speeds and that this arises because of their limited heat-dissipation capacities. We derive a model considering how fundamental biophysical constraints of animal body mass associated with energy utilisation (i.e., larger animals have a lower metabolic energy cost of locomotion) and heat-dissipation (i.e., larger animals require more time to dissipate metabolic heat) limit aerobic travel speeds. Using an extensive empirical dataset of animal travel speeds (532 species), we show that this allometric heat-dissipation model best captures the hump-shaped trends in travel speed with body mass for flying, running, and swimming animals. This implies that the inability to dissipate metabolic heat leads to the saturation and eventual decrease in travel speed with increasing body mass as larger animals must reduce their realised travel speeds in order to avoid hyperthermia during extended locomotion bouts. As a result, the highest travel speeds are achieved by animals of intermediate body mass, suggesting that the largest species are more limited in their movement capacities than previously anticipated. Consequently, we provide a mechanistic understanding of animal travel speed that can be generalised across species, even when the details of an individual species’ biology are unknown, to facilitate more realistic predictions of biodiversity dynamics in fragmented landscapes.
Mental health and addiction health service use by physicians compared to non-physicians before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Myran Daniel T. , Roberts Rhiannon , McArthur Eric , Jeyakumar Nivethika , Hensel Jennifer M. , Kendall Claire , Gerin-Lajoie Caroline , McFadden Taylor , Simon Christopher , Garg Amit X. , Sood Manish M. , Tanuseputro Peter
Published: April 2023

Background

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID–19) pandemic has exacerbated mental health challenges among physicians and non–physicians. However, it is unclear if the worsening mental health among physicians is due to specific occupational stressors, reflective of general societal stressors during the pandemic, or a combination. We evaluated the difference in mental health and addictions health service use between physicians and non–physicians, before and during the COVID–19 pandemic.

Methods and findings

We conducted a population–based cohort study in Ontario, Canada between March 11, 2017 and August 11, 2021 using data collected from Ontario’s universal health system. Physicians were identified using registrations with the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario between 1990 and 2020. Participants included 41,814 physicians and 12,054,070 non–physicians. We compared the first 18 months of the COVID–19 pandemic (March 11, 2020 to August 11, 2021) to the period before COVID–19 pandemic (March 11, 2017 to February 11, 2020). The primary outcome was mental health and addiction outpatient visits overall and subdivided into virtual versus in–person, psychiatrists versus family medicine and general practice clinicians. We used generalized estimating equations for the analyses.

Pre–pandemic, after adjustment for age and sex, physicians had higher rates of psychiatry visits (aIRR 3.91 95% CI 3.55 to 4.30) and lower rates of family medicine visits (aIRR 0.62 95% CI 0.58 to 0.66) compared to non–physicians. During the first 18 months of the COVID–19 pandemic, the rate of outpatient mental health and addiction (MHA) visits increased by 23.2% in physicians (888.4 pre versus 1,094.7 during per 1,000 person–years, aIRR 1.39 95% CI 1.28 to 1.51) and 9.8% in non–physicians (615.5 pre versus 675.9 during per 1,000 person–years, aIRR 1.12 95% CI 1.09 to 1.14). Outpatient MHA and virtual care visits increased more among physicians than non–physicians during the first 18 months of the pandemic. Limitations include residual confounding between physician and non–physicians and challenges differentiating whether observed increases in MHA visits during the pandemic are due to stressors or changes in health care access.

Conclusions

The first 18 months of the COVID–19 pandemic was associated with a larger increase in outpatient MHA visits in physicians than non–physicians. These findings suggest physicians may have had larger negative mental health during COVID–19 than the general population and highlight the need for increased access to mental health services and system level changes to promote physician wellness.
eHealth Familias Unidas Mental Health: Protocol for an effectiveness-implementation hybrid Type 1 trial to scale a mental health preventive intervention for Hispanic youth in primary care settings
Authors: Estrada Yannine , Lozano Alyssa , Boga Devina , Tapia Maria I. , Perrino Tatiana , Velazquez Maria Rosa , Forster Lourdes , Torres Nicole , Morales Cecilia V. , Gwynn Lisa , Beardslee William R. , Brown C. Hendricks , Prado Guillermo
Published: April 2023

This article focuses on the rationale, design and methods of an effectiveness-implementation hybrid type I randomized trial of eHealth Familias Unidas Mental Health, a family-based, online delivered intervention for Hispanic families to prevent/reduce depressive and anxious symptoms, suicide ideation/behaviors, and drug use in Hispanic youth. Utilizing a rollout design with 18 pediatric primary care clinics and 468 families, this study addresses intervention effectiveness, implementation research questions, and intervention sustainment, to begin bridging the gap between research and practice in eliminating mental health and drug use disparities among Hispanic youth. Further, we will examine whether intervention effects are partially mediated by improved family communication and reduced externalizing behaviors, including drug use, and moderated by parental depression. Finally, we will explore whether the intervention’s impact on mental health and drug use, as well as sustainment of the intervention in clinics, varies by quality of implementation at clinic and clinician levels.

Trail registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05426057, First posted June 21, 2022.
Polyamines and eIF5A hypusination facilitate SREBP2 synthesis and cholesterol production leading to enhanced enterovirus attachment and infection
Authors: Firpo Mason R. , LoMascolo Natalie J. , Petit Marine J. , Shah Priya S. , Mounce Bryan C.
Published: April 2023

Metabolism is key to cellular processes that underlie the ability of a virus to productively infect. Polyamines are small metabolites vital for many host cell processes including proliferation, transcription, and translation. Polyamine depletion also inhibits virus infection via diverse mechanisms, including inhibiting polymerase activity and viral translation. We showed that Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) attachment requires polyamines; however, the mechanism was unknown. Here, we report polyamines’ involvement in translation, through a process called hypusination, promotes expression of cholesterol synthesis genes by supporting SREBP2 synthesis, the master transcriptional regulator of cholesterol synthesis genes. Measuring bulk transcription, we find polyamines support expression of cholesterol synthesis genes, regulated by SREBP2. Thus, polyamine depletion inhibits CVB3 by depleting cellular cholesterol. Exogenous cholesterol rescues CVB3 attachment, and mutant CVB3 resistant to polyamine depletion exhibits resistance to cholesterol perturbation. This study provides a novel link between polyamine and cholesterol homeostasis, a mechanism through which polyamines impact CVB3 infection.
Variant-specific introduction and dispersal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City – from Alpha to Omicron
Authors: Dellicour Simon , Hong Samuel L. , Hill Verity , Dimartino Dacia , Marier Christian , Zappile Paul , Harkins Gordon W. , Lemey Philippe , Baele Guy , Duerr Ralf , Heguy Adriana
Published: April 2023

Since the latter part of 2020, SARS-CoV-2 evolution has been characterised by the emergence of viral variants associated with distinct biological characteristics. While the main research focus has centred on the ability of new variants to increase in frequency and impact the effective reproductive number of the virus, less attention has been placed on their relative ability to establish transmission chains and to spread through a geographic area. Here, we describe a phylogeographic approach to estimate and compare the introduction and dispersal dynamics of the main SARS-CoV-2 variants – Alpha, Iota, Delta, and Omicron – that circulated in the New York City area between 2020 and 2022. Notably, our results indicate that Delta had a lower ability to establish sustained transmission chains in the NYC area and that Omicron (BA.1) was the variant fastest to disseminate across the study area. The analytical approach presented here complements non-spatially-explicit analytical approaches that seek a better understanding of the epidemiological differences that exist among successive SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Limit Analysis using the extended Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion under plane strain conditions
Authors: Vicente da Silva Mário , Antão Armando
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates the implementation of the Extended-Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion on Limit Analysis formulation under plane strain conditions. The current approach is based on a three-field mixed finite element model and the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers optimization algorithm. For this purpose, an equivalence between the classical Mohr-Coulomb criterion and the Extended-Matsuoka-Nakai is established and explored. Three numerical applications are presented to test and to illustrate the capabilities of this approach. The results are confronted with other authors’ solutions or experimental data.
Distopía del Desarrollo Vial
Authors: Pérez Peralta Luis Eduardo
Published: April 2023

Este ensayo etnográfico (re)interpreta la gramática de la sociedad peruana, a través de una lectura sociopolítica e histórica de las principales carreteras de alcance nacional e internacional. La carretera Interoceánica Sur y la noción de desarrollo presentes en las representaciones de la ciudadanía, la prensa y el Estado son el centro de análisis y discusión del libro. »Distopía del Desarrollo Vial« desvela en consecuencia, los argumentos discursivos usados por diferentes gobiernos para promover la construcción de megaproyectos viales poniendo en relieve la discusión moderna latinoamericana sobre redes de transporte y comunicación e integración político-cultural.
Guides of the Atlas
Authors: Holdermann Simon
Published: April 2023

How do digital media technologies shape or restructure social practice? And which transitions and demarcations of different forms of publicness arise in this context? Simon Holdermann examines this question in his ethnography of everyday life in the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco. In order to approach the ongoing, historically situated social transformations of the region, he analyses a variety of media practices concerning the organizational work and transnational cooperation that take place there - in particular at the intersection of mountain tourism, NGO work, and local self-government.
Rätsel der Rezeption
Authors: Regener Ursula
Published: April 2023

Der Beitrag erläutert, wie stark kognitionswissenschaftliche Ansätze und literaturwissenschaftliche Auslegungslehre miteinander verflochten sind. Die Experimente mit der Eye Tracking-Technologie, die an Text- und Bildwerken vorgenommen wurden, zeigen, wie stark Vorwissen und standardisierte Wahrnehmung (also Bestandteile der hermeneutischenVerstehenslehre) den Blickweg der Augen bei der visuellen Wahrnehmung bestimmen können. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf eine noch lange nicht vollständig erforschte Komplexität derRezeption.
Einleitung
Authors: Keller Sonja , Roggenkamp Antje
Published: April 2023

Der Band präsentiert erste Ergebnisse einer interdisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe von Forscherinnen und Forschern der Religionspädagogik, Praktischen Theologie, Religionswissenschaft und Religionssoziologie aus Deutschland, Frankreich, Polen und den Niederlanden. Das von der DFG geförderte Netzwerk befasst sich mit materiellen Objekten und Artefakten in religiösen und praktischen Vollzügen. Die Autorinnen und Autoren knüpfen an Perspektiven und Analysemethoden an, die sich dem Material Turn und dem Pratice Turn verdanken. Die Beiträge verweisen auf den Zusammenhang von Objekten, Orten und Dingen und dem Sozialen, das sie manifestieren, formen oder erinnern und damit auf die materialen Aspekte des Sozialen. Die interdisziplinäre Auseinandersetzung und Analyse von objektbezogenen religiösen und praktischen Vollzügen eröffnet vielfältige Perspektiven auf die Bedeutung der materiellen Kultur für (religiöse) Praktiken. Der Beitrag der Materialitätsforschung für das Verhältnis von Praktischer Theologie und Religionspädagogik entfaltet sich multiperspektivisch und gestaltet sich als interdisziplinär reflektierte Rahmung. Für beide Disziplinen werden leistungsfähige Fragehorizonte eröffnet: Welche Bedeutung wird Artefakten und Objekten beigemessen? Wie werden sie verwendet? Welche Nutzungsoptionen bestehen?
Emotional Imprints of War
Authors: van Lange Milan
Published: April 2023

Historical research can be enhanced by methods and resources from various disciplines, ranging from psychology to computer linguistics. With a creative and innovative perspective on »things we think we know«, Milan van Lange presents a computer-assisted historical investigation into the role of emotions in dealing with consequences of World War II in the Netherlands. By »emotion mining« digitised sources, van Lange shows where emotions were present and how they were expressed and discussed in the political engagement with people who experienced long-term effects of the war, such as former collaborators and war criminals, the resistance, and war victims.
Neue Solidaritäten
Authors: Manske Alexandra
Published: April 2023

Solidarität - spätestens seit der Corona-Pandemie ist sie auch im Kulturbetrieb in aller Munde. Doch was steckt hinter diesem diskursiven Aufschwung? Alexandra Manske legt eine wegweisende empirische Studie über Arbeit und Politik im Kulturbetrieb vor. Exemplarisch untersucht sie die arbeitspolitischen Spiele in den darstellenden Künsten. Ihre soziologischen Analysen im Theaterbereich und der freien Szene zeigen, dass die Interessenvertretung im Kulturbetrieb an Legitimation gewonnen hat und dies mit neuen, flexiblen Mustern von Solidarität einhergeht. Zudem wird deutlich, dass gesellschaftlicher Zusammenhalt (wieder) zu einem legitimen sozialen Anliegen geworden ist.
Visuelle Aisthetik
Authors: Vosse Paula
Published: April 2023

Was sind die gemeinsamen aisthetischen Grundlagen von filmischer Visualität und der Literatur des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts? Paula Vosse nimmt die Wiederentdeckung der aisthetischen Dimension von Text zu dieser Zeit als Ausgangspunkt und setzt einen Fokus auf die literarische Materialität und die Wirkung von gelungener Typographie. Es wird deutlich, dass Aisthetik und Hermeneutik sich nicht entgegenstehen, sondern stattdessen komplementär eingesetzt werden. Kalkulierte Textgestaltung avanciert zur literarischen Technik und Typographie lernt, neben ihrer ästhetischen Funktion, auch Schnittwechsel oder Inserts auszudrücken. Dadurch eröffnen sich neue Perspektiven auf die Kinodebatte und auf das »Übersehen« literarischer Materialität.
Das Selbstbestimmungsgesetz
Authors: Vanagas Annette , Vanagas Waldemar
Published: April 2023

Im Zuge der politischen und medialen Debatten um das geplante Selbstbestimmungsgesetz, welches das Transsexuellengesetz ablösen soll, findet ein Ringen um die Selbst- und Fremdbestimmung des Geschlechts statt. Dies kann exemplarisch für den Widerstreit von geschlechterbinären und geschlechterpluralen Lebensformen verstanden werden. Annette und Waldemar Vanagas zeigen anhand der nunmehr vier Jahre andauernden Diskurse auf, wie identitätspolitische Bestrebungen um das Geschlechterwissen und eine daraus abgeleitete gesellschaftliche Ordnung zu neuen Prekarisierungen führen. So wird der vermeintliche Konsens auf Ebene der Identitätspolitik dabei zumeist auf dem Rücken transgeschlechtlicher Menschen ausgetragen.
Von Lotosschuhen zu Großmüttern
Authors: Sattler Felix
Published: April 2023

Felix Sattler widmet sich in diesem Beitrag kuratorischen Strategien, mit denen individuelle Frauenbiographien zum Gegenstand von Ausstellungen werden können.
Gewaltdynamik und Zivilisationsdiskurs
Authors: Klein Thoralf
Published: April 2023

Thoralf Klein bietet in seinem Beitrag einen Überblick über Entstehung, Verlauf und Folgen des Boxerkrieges von 1900/01. Er skizziert zunächst die Ursachen für die Entstehung der Boxerbewegung, die den Ursprung dieses Konflikts bildete. Im weiteren Verlauf analysiert er, wie die von den Boxern ausgelöste Krise zwischen China und den westlichen imperialistischen Mächten zu einer internationalen Militärintervention in Nordchina führte. Die von den Interventionstruppen ausgeübte brutale Gewalt wurde mit dem angeblichen Kampf zwischen westlicher »Zivilisation« und chinesischer »Barbarei« gerechtfertigt. »Symbolische Kriegführung« und exemplarische Strafen sollten China für seine Verletzung des Völkerrechts zur Verantwortung ziehen und zugleich Sicherheitsgarantien für die Zukunft erwirken.
Can different polymerization times affect the surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility of flowable composite resins?
Authors: Kazak Magrur , Koymen Safiye Selin , Donmez Nazmiye
Published: April 2023

This in vitro study evaluated and compared the effects of different polymerization times on the surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility of flowable composite resins. Three flowable composite resins [Es Flow (ESF), IGOS Flow (IGF), Estelite Flow Quick (EFQ)] were tested in this study. Each flowable composite resin (n = 7) was polymerized in a disc-shaped mould (1x10 mm) with an LED light-curing unit (D Light Pro) for two different times (20 and 40 sec.). The top surfaces of all specimens were polished (Sof-Lex). The surface microhardnesses of the flowable composite resins were measured with a Vickers HMV microhardness tester. Water sorption and water solubility were calculated according to the ISO 4049 standard. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tamhane, Dunnett, and Tukey tests were used in the statistical analyses. Pearson’s and Spearman’s rho correlation tests were used to assess possible correlations between the different variables. The results were evaluated with a significance of p<0.05. In terms of microhardness, a significant difference was found between materials at the same polymerization times (p<0.05). All materials showed water sorption of less than 40 µg/mm3 and water solubility of less than 7.5 µg/mm3 by following ISO 4049. The correlations among surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility showed that the differences were determined by the materials and the polymerization times. The physical properties of all flowable composite resin materials were enhanced after polymerization for twice the time recommended by the manufacturers.
El juramento a la Constitución de 1857 por los profesores de instrucción pública en San Luis Potosí, 1890. México
Authors: Ortiz Francisco Hernández
Published: April 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el ritual del juramento a la Constitución de 1857 por los profesores de instrucción pública, como funcionarios del Estado Liberal Mexicano. Específicamente en el estado de San Luis Potosí en 1890. La reconstrucción histórica se hizo con la consulta en fuentes primarias como actas de las ceremonias de juramento a la Constitución, oficios e informes de los jefes políticos de los Ayuntamientos, con apoyo en fuentes secundarias, y con la aplicación de técnicas comparativas, además se sitúa el contexto socio histórico y político de 1890 en que se llevaron a cabo estas ceremonias. El juramento, como ceremonia republicana implicaba comprometerse con los ideales liberales constitucionales. Se corrobora que la escuela, como institución pública, a donde acuden los estudiantes a apropiarse de la cultura, ahí también se construían los valores nacionales y se forjaba el sentido de pertenencia a la nación.
Ilíada e seus heróis: uma análise dos ideais formativos dos gregos
Authors: Melo José Joaquim Pereira
Published: April 2023

Homero, desde sempre, é considerado inspirador e pai da paideia grega. Focalizando-se na Ilíada, cujos heróis representam o agente social necessário à sociedade grega arcaica, coloca-se em evidência que a perspectiva de Homero quanto à perfeição humana é a da formação/educação integral, por meio da qual o jovem aristocrata deveria desenvolver um corpo vigoroso e saudável e nobreza de alma. No exemplo divino-heroico, referencial da formação/educação arcaica, estão representadas as virtudes modelares de então: a bondade, a nobreza, o orgulho e o amor aos deuses. O herói cavaleiresco, representado por Homero luta obstinadamente para ser o melhor, “superior” aos pares, excepcional, o primeiro na guerra e na olimpíada. Conclui-se que a paideia homérica não foi apenas a base da tradição pedagógica clássica, mas também de concepções pedagógicas posteriores.
Intervención social con adolescentes y jóvenes migrantes en Cataluña: fortalezas, vínculos, y comunidades
Authors: Cortès Izquierdo Ferran , Guinot Viciano Cinta , Carvalho da Silva Jacqueline
Published: April 2023

En este artículo se aborda la intervención social y educativa con jóvenes migrantes no acompañados/as desarrollada en el circuito de protección de menores de Cataluña. A partir de una metodología participativa con profesionales, adolescentes y jóvenes se elaboró un diagnóstico de la situación actual del circuito de protección. Partiendo de los datos recolectados, se realizó un análisis cualitativo de contenido que resultó en la identificación de diferentes dimensiones del acompañamiento realizado: individual, familiar y comunitario. Desde la reflexión teórica, apuntamos a elementos centrales que deben estar presentes en la intervención: la construcción de vínculos, la promoción del empoderamiento de los/las jóvenes y la inclusión en la comunidad de acogida, destacando dificultades y buenas prácticas del sistema actual. Para concluir se plantean reflexiones que pueden ser útiles para la elaboración de un modelo de intervención capaz de dar una respuesta integral a las necesidades y aspiraciones del colectivo.
İBN HALDUN’UN TARİHÇİLİK YÖNTEMİ
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Fatih , DURĞUN Serpil
Published: April 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, tarih felsefesine ve tarihin bir bilim olarak konumlanmasına yönelik çabalara katkı sunan İbn Haldun’un tarihçilik yönteminin irdelenmesidir. İbn Haldun için tarih, belli bir döneme veya belli bir topluma ait olan olayların gerçekçi bir şekilde aktarılmasıdır. Bununla birlikte somut, bireysel ve bilfiil yaşanmış tarihi olayların mantıklı bir şekilde yazılıp insanlara aktarılmasında salt bilgi yeterli değildir. Bilginin yanı sıra bir ilkeler ve çerçeveler ilminin de gerekli olduğunu düşünen İbn Haldun, bu ilkeler ve çerçeveler ilmi olarak umran ilmini ortaya koymuştur. Tarih, umran ilmine örnekleri/modelleri oluşturması için veri malzemesi hazırlar. Umran bilgini de tarihçiye elinde olan verileri bilimsel bir şekilde yorumlayabilmesi için ihtiyacı olan nedensel açıklama örneklerini/modellerini verir. İbn Haldun öne sürdüğü metodolojiyle, tarih ilmini ahlaki nasihatlerle sınırlı hikâyecilikten çıkarıp, bilimsel temeli olan bir açıklamaya dayandırmıştır. Ortaya koyduğu tarih anlayışıyla kendinden sonra gelen pek çok önemli düşünürü etkileyen İbn Haldun, nedenselci/tümevarımcı bilim anlayışının 14. yüzyıldaki uygulayıcısı olmuştur.