bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMAGENS EM LIVROS DIDáTICOS DE HISTÓRIA DAS SÉRIES INICIAIS: uma análise comparativa e avaliadora
Authors: Olim Esp. Bárvara Barros
Published: December 2020

No guia do livro didático do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático, consta,  dentre os vários critérios de avaliação ”observar se as ilustrações, importantes no  auxá­lio á  compreensão e potencialização do texto, são adequadas á s finalidades para  as quais foram utilizadas, de forma que sejam fáceis para o aluno apreendê-las, mas  também que estimulem a curiosidade, o pensamento e as discussões entre os alunos”.  Esse, dentre outros critérios, fez o Grupo de Pesquisa em Ensino de História voltarse para a análise das imagens nos livros didáticos  quando seu principal projeto  tornou-se a criação de uma coleção de livros regionais. Assim, a presente  monografia tem como objetivo comunicar os resultados da análise de três coleções  de livros didáticos de 1ª a 4ª séries, avaliando cada uma delas. A metodologia da  pesquisa contou com o preenchimento e tabulação de dados de formulários, amparados nos conceitos de leitura  de imagem de Panofsky, de função didática da imagem, desenvolvido por Rodrá­guez-Diéguez com base na teoria  das funções lingá¼á­sticas de Jakobson e no conceito de alfabetismo visual de Donis A. Dondis.
Textos e Contextos: O longo e complexo relacionamento entre História e Literatura
Authors: Rocha Elaine Pereira
Published: December 2020

O artigo analisa as relações intelectuais e cotidianas entre o campo da História e daLiteratura. Essa relação é tão antiga quanto o surgimento do conhecimento cientá­fico. Assim, ohistoriador tem na literatura a possibilidade de ampliar sua inserção no espaço polá­tico através desua atuação na pesquisa e no ensino da História.
O GáŠNERO EPIDáTICO NO DISCURSO JESUáTICO: história e exemplos nas crônicas do maranhão- XVII e XVIII.
Authors: Carvalho Roberta Lobão , Silveira Arlindyane Santos da
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo, temos como objetivo demonstrar que a narrativa jesuá­tica no Maranhão dos séculos XVII e XVIII, como em outras partes do Império Português, esforçava-se por criar figuras paradigmáticas e exemplares, reescrevendo a biografia destes personagens e reforçando seu status polá­tico e religioso na região. Para tanto, iremos analisar a vida dos padres Luá­s Figueira, fundador da Missão no Estado, João de Souto Maior, ”exemplo de virtude e perseverança”, e a missão do padre Francisco Veloso, que, de acordo com os cronistas, ”desceu sozinho os Tupinambá pela graça divina”. Nessas diversas e recontadas narrativas encontram-se os fundamentos da escrita inaciana, o que reflete diretamente no seu ideal de História, que é edificante e, portanto, exemplar. Os relatos serão analisados a partir de três crônicas: a primeira é a Crônica dos Padres da Companhia de Jesus no Estado do Maranhão (1627-1698), escrita pelo padre João Felipe Bettendorff, a segunda se intitula Crônica da Companhia de Jesus da Missão do Maranhão, [1720] do padre Domingos de Araújo. A última crônica é do padre José de Moraes, a História da Companhia de Jesus no Antigo Estado do Maranhão e Pará,1759.
Pareceristas ad hoc 2012
Authors: Admin Administrador
Published: December 2020

Ana Livia Bomfim Vieira - Universidade Estadual do Maranhão Alá­rio Cardoso - Universidade Federal do Maranhão Antonio Otaviano Vieira Junior - Universidade Federal do Pará Claudia Cristina Azeredo Atallah - Universidade Severino Sombra Cláudio Zannoni - Universidade Federal do Maranhão Edson Silva - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Esteban Ticona Alejo - Universidad Mayor De San Andres-La Paz Eudes Leite ”“ Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Fernanda Fioravante Kelmer Mathias - Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Francisco Javier Laviña Gomez ”“ Universidade de Barcelona George Félix Cabral ”“ Universidade Federal de Pernambuco José Sampaio de Matos Júnior - Universidade Estadual do Maranhão Marcelo Cheche Galves - Universidade Estadual do Maranhão Maria Da Glória Porto Kok - Universidade de São Paulo José Alves de Souza Junior - Universidade Federal do Pará Josenildo de Jesus Pereira - Universidade Estadual do Maranhão José Ruiz peinado ”“ Universidade de Baracelona Jorge Victor de Araújo Souza ”“ Universidade Severino Sombra Karl Heinz Arenz - Universidade Federal do Pará Kátia Rodrigues Paranhos - Universidade Federal de Uberlá¢ndia Márcia Milena Galdez - Universidade Estadual do Maranhão Mairton Celestino - Universidade Federal do Piauá­ Miliandre Garcia - Universidade Estadual de Londrina Paulo Roberto Cimó Queiroz - Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Pollyanna Gouveia Mendonça Muniz - Universidade Federal do Maranhão Rafael Ivan Chambouleyron ”“ Universidade Federal do Pará Bentes Monteiro - Universidade Federal Fluminense Rômulo Luiz Xavier do Nascimento - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Silvia Patuzzi ”“ Pontifá­cia Universidade Católica-RJ/ Fundação Getúlio Vargas/RJ Tatiana Raquel Reis Silva - Universidade Estadual do Maranhão Wlamir José da Silva - Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei
Aplicación de las herramientas del lean manufacturing en una empresa plástica peruana
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Alvarez Merino Jose Carlos , Nuñez Ponce Victor Hugo
Published: December 2020

El siguiente artículo analiza el problema del incumplimiento de pedidos en una empresa que produce láminas de plástico. La razón principal que causa el problema son los altos tiempos improductivos durante el proceso de extrusión, estos tiempos disminuyen el índice de la efectividad general del equipo (OEE). Para abordar la causa principal, se presenta una propuesta innovadora, esta propuesta utiliza un enfoque sistemático y combina las técnicas de SMED y mantenimiento preventivo de la metodología Lean Manufacturing, con el objetivo de reducir los tiempos improductivos para mejorar el índice OEE. Para validar la efectividad de la propuesta, los sistemas se simularon utilizando el software de simulación Arena y el Input Analyzer, a fin de determinar la reducción de los tiempos improductivos. El resultado final mostró que la propuesta reduce en 36.37% los tiempos improductivos y mejora el índice OEE en 9.02%, esto corrobora el logro del objetivo del proyecto, que era maximizar la eficiencia del proceso y reducir el tiempo total del proceso de extrusión, que permitirá a la empresa cumplir con los pedidos para evitar pérdidas en las ganancias.
ARGUMENT, KNOWLEDGE AND ETHICS: UNDERSTANDING CORE CONCEPTS IN PHILOSOPHY BY AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON GREEK UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: STELIOS SPYRIDON , THEOLOGOU KOSTAS , ILIADI SIMONI , MANOLAKAKI ELENI
Published: December 2020

An empirical study was conducted measuring the degree to which Greek university students’ understanding of core philosophical concepts (that is, ‘argument’, ‘knowledge’ and ‘ethics’) has been shaped by the material taught in the classroom. The extent of this transition from pre-instructional conceptions to textbook formulations has been investigated through the use of a new questionnaire. Findings indicate that generally, students retain their pre-theoretical understanding of these terms. Within this framework, some formal definitions are closer to common sense (e.g. ‘ethics’) and some others aren’t (e.g. ‘knowledge’). Furthermore, the role of intuitions in this process is been evaluated, leading to the ascertainment that previous philosophical encounters seem to play a crucial role in determining actual understanding.
Η ΕΓΓΕΝΗΣ ΑΞΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΠΟΙΚΙΛΟΜΟΡΦΙΑΣ
Authors: KALUĐEROVIĆ ŽELJKO
Published: December 2020

Ο συγγραφέας προσπαθεί να εξηγήσει στην παρουσίασή του γιατί η πολιτιστική ποικιλομορφία του κόσμου είναι επιθυμητή από αξιολογικής απόψεωςκαι γιατί ως τέτοια πρέπει να καλλιεργείται και να διατηρείται. Ως αφετηρία και βάση για την επεξεργασία της δικής του έρευνας υπήρξε χρήσιμη η «Σύμβαση περί προστασίας και προώθησης της πολυμορφίας των πολιτιστικών εκφράσεων» που εγκρίθηκε κατά το 33ο συνέδριο της UNESCO στο Παρίσι το 2005. Μετά την ανάλυση του εισαγωγικού τμήματος, των επτά κεντρικών μερών και του παραρτήματος, δηλαδή συνολικά και των 41 άρθρων της Σύμβασης, ο συγγραφέας διαπίστωσε ότι διαφορετικές αυτόνομες εμπειρίες και γνώσεις, όταν συσσωρεύονται και επιλέγονται σε μια παραδοσιακή κοινότητα ή στην σύγχρονη κοινωνία, εμπλουτίζουν τη πλήρη κατανόηση της ανθρώπινης φυλής και συμβάλλουν στην πρόοδο της ανθρωπότητας. Η ποικιλομορφία των πολιτισμών επιτρέπει επίσης μια διευρυμένη πνευματική ενατένιση και άποψη για τον κόσμο, καθώς και πιο στοχευμένες εναλλακτικές λύσεις σε ορισμένες πρακτικές πτυχές του βίου. Το συμπέρασμα του συγγραφέα είναι ότι κάθε πολιτισμός από μόνος του και για τον ίδιο τον εαυτό του αποτελεί ένα είδος ολοκληρωμένης απάντησης στο ερώτημα της ζωής, ότι είναι ιστορικά μοναδικός, αλλά ταυτοχρόνως αποτελεί κάτι που έχει ισχυρή ανθρωπολογική ή βιοηθική αξία και, ως εκ τούτου, είναι άξιος θαυμασμού και σεβασμού.
E3 te Verilen Bir Eğri Boyunca Sabit Ortalama Eğrilikli Yüzeylerin Oluşturulması
Authors: Coşanoğlu Hüsnü , Bayram Ergin
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, 3 boyutlu Öklid uzayında alınan herhangi bir eğriden geçen ve bu eğri boyunca ortalama eğriliği sabit olan yüzeyler bulmak için yeterli şartlar elde edildi. Bunun için öncelikle verilen eğrinin Frenet çatısında yer alan teğet vektör alanı, asli normal vektör alanı ve binormal vektör alanı ile sapma fonksiyonları adı verilen C1 sınıfından, iki değişkenli, reel değerli fonksiyonlar yardımıyla bu eğriden geçen yüzeyler parametrik olarak ifade edildi. Bu yüzeylerin, verilen eğri boyunca ortalama eğriliği; eğrinin eğriliği, burulması, sapma fonksiyonları ve bunların kısmi türevleri cinsinden hesaplandı. Verilen eğri boyunca ortalama eğriliğin sabit olması için yeterli şartlar elde edildi. Bazı örnekler verildi.
Trakya’da partiküler madde kirliliği ve mortalite ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ALTUNOK Aziz , ESKİOCAK Muzaffer
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Hava kirliliğine maruz kalmanın etkileri uzun yıllardan beri araştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Trakya’da 2015-2017 yılları arasındaki partiküler madde (PM) kirliliğini incelemek ve AirQ programı ile önlenebilir ölüm sayılarını hesaplamak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmamız tanımlayıcı, ekolojik bir çalışmadır. TÜİK’in TR21 alt gruplamasında yer alan 3 il olan Edirne, Tekirdağ ve Kırklareli illerinde yer alan ve hava kalitesi ölçümü yapılan il ve ilçe merkezleri çalışmamıza dâhil edilmiştir. Yıllık PM ortalamalarını hesaplamak için, Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı’nın internet sitesi www.havaizleme.gov.tr sitesinden elde edilen 01.01.2015-31.12.2017 tarihleri arasındaki saatlik PM10 ölçüm verileri kullanılmıştır. AirQ ile illerde, kirlilik DSÖ limitlerine indirildiğinde önlenebilecek ölüm sayıları hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Tüm istasyonlarda yıllık ortalamalar DSÖ yıllık üst limitinin (20 µg/m3) en az 2 katıdır. AirQ ile il geneli için yapılan hesaplamalarda; Edirne ilinde 2015 yılında 655 (%19.45), 2016 yılında 518 (% 16.06) ve 2017 yılında 544 ( %16.15); Kırklareli’nde 2015’te 333 (% 11.79), 2016’da 392 (% 14.83) ve 2017’de 363 (% 12.98); Tekirdağ’da 2015 yılında 870 ( %18.38), 2016 yılında 995 ( % 20.37) ve 2017 yılında da 831 (% 16.75), 30 yaş üstü doğal ölüm hava kirliliğine atfedilmektedir. Sonuç: PM kirliliği Trakya’da ciddi boyutlardadır ve önlenebilir pek çok ölüme sebep olmaktadır. Sağlık üzerindeki tüm riskleri tam olarak değerlendirmek için, havadaki kirleticilerin sağlık etkileri, bireysel düzeyde daha fazla araştırılmalıdır.
Characteristics of the Eneolithic funeral rite in the Tobol River region
(the burial ground in the settlement of Ustyug-3)
Authors: Matveeva N.P. , Suchilina N.Y.
Published: December 2020

The article is concerned with the Eneolithic burials of the Tobol River region from excavations in the Ustyug-1 kurgan cemetery in the Zavodoukovsky district of the Tyumen Oblast. Apart from the settlement layer left by populations of the Shapkul and Andreevskoe Cultures, five ground burials of different periods were found in the settlement of Ustyug-3, with the Eneolithic grave goods attributed to the same cultures and dated to the end of the 4th — middle of the 3rd mil. BC. Analogies to the funeral rite can be traced in the territory of the Tobol-Iset basin, in the Urals, and in Kazakhstan. The original position of the deceased was preserved in the paired burial: one indi-vidual was placed in sitting position at the head of another, who laid stretched on the back. The authors consider in this case the tradition of «joint death». Findings from the burial pits include plates, retouched arrowheads on flakes, drop-shaped shale pendants, small stone «iron». The obtained evidence suggests that the grave complex was created by the population of the Shapkul Culture, but the location was further used for the routine life and rituals by groups of other cultural traditions, who, apparently, were coming to this area alternately during the Eneolithic. Features of pottery ornamentation, flake industry, and rituals of the sites in the region are different from those in the Middle and Southern Urals, the steppe areas of the Tobol River basin. As such, we envisage further research prospects in revealing the cultural identity of various regions of the Trans-Urals.
Yakut clothes of the 17th and 18th centuries, archaeology and restitution
Authors: Hochstrasser-Petit Ch. , Romanova L. , Duchesne S. , Melnichuk O. , Gérard P.
Published: December 2020

40 frozen yakutian graves, from the 17th to the 19th century allow the reconstitution of clothes. At the end of the 17th century, new fashions are emerging with the ostentatious use of imported goods and the influences of Russian noble circles and Chinese and/or Mongol and/or Buriat fashions. The garment does not only seem to be any more an element of protection against the cold and a utilitarian object but becomes a way to marking the so-cialization of the individual.
Woodworking in the Bronze Age Southern Trans-Urals (the case study of the fortified settlement of Kamenny Ambar)
Authors: Koryakova L.N. , Molchanov I.V.
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the description and analysis of the collection of wood (formwork elements and objects) from wells of the Bronze Age fortified settlement of Kamenny Ambar (Chelyabinsk Oblast). Within the settlement, presented are the layers of the Sintashta, Petrovka and Srubnaya-Alakul traditions, covering the period of the 21st–17th c. BC. We give a short description of the forest resources of the study area. In Southern Urals, wood can be found in the form of charred remains, sometimes in post holes, in burial structures of various state of preserva-tion, as well as in the Bronze Age wells. The latter has been the source of fragments of formwork and some household items for this study. According to palaeobotanical data, the local landscape represented forests mixed with steppe and forb meadows. The total area of forestlands around the settlement in the Bronze Age was roughly similar to the modern one. The analysis of charcoal and wood from wells indicates that pine (51 %) and birch (47 %) were the most common, and to a lesser extent — willow and alder (2 %). Prevailing were the pine trunks with 5 to 30, less often 50, rings. The types of formwork and tools used in their construction have been determined. The importance of woodworking among the household industries of the settlement has been assessed. Remains of wooden structures have been found on the bottom of 16 examined wells, although there may have been more, judging by discrete fragments of wood decay. The wood is represented by stakes, half-logs, chopping blocks, planks, branches, charcoal and fragments of bark. Restored specimens have been examined visually and using a microscope in order to determine the wood species and process tools, and the results have been put down into the database. In the process of excavation, two types of formwork were identified: 1) a wattle cylinder made of twigs intertwined through vertical stakes, and 2) sheeting of the shaft with vertically placed and tightly fitted boards and/or half-logs of small diameter. In a number of wells, the type of construction could not be accurately determined. In addition to wooden structures, wooden objects were also found at the bottom of several wells. It is possible to state that the inhabitants of the Kamenny Ambar settlement were skilled in wood processing. Available data indicate that carpentry craft was highly developed throughout the entire Bronze Age period. Admittedly, peo-ple knew how to joint wooden parts of structures. Since there are no finds of metal nails, we are confident that they used alternative means, such as ropes and other carpentry techniques, in particular, groove joining. An ob-ject with a precise rectangular groove was found in one of the wells. These materials demonstrate the presence of good engineering knowledge, manifested not only in the search for new technologies for the well construction, but also in the overall architecture of the settlement.
Vadniur I/7 — the final Neolithic and Eneolithic site of the Vychegda River
Authors: Karmanov V.N.
Published: December 2020

The author presents the results of his own survey of the Vadniur I settlement carried out in 2017. The site is located on the right bank of the Vychegda River in the Syktyvkar city, the Komi Republic (north-eastern Europe). The danger of destruction of the site by the river erosion erged the comprehensive excavation of the total area of 210.5 m2. This has made it possible to preserve the historical and cultural information from the site and to obtain new data for the study of the Neolithic and Eneolithic cultures of north-eastern Europe. Based on stratigraphy, planigraphy and comparative-typological method, two complexes of different periods — Vadniur I/7A and Vadniur I/7B — have been identified. The former includes the remains of a rectangular 11x5 m dwelling with the total area of ca. 55 m2, with three hearths (nos. I, II and IV) and two horizontal ventilation channels (nos. I and II). The construction is associated with a ca. 8.5 m2 section of redeposited cultural layer containing artefacts, which is probably the result of cleaning of the living space in ancient times. The dwelling complex includes 428 stone items, fragments of two ceramic pots and three ceramic objects, small unidentifiable fragments of calcified bones. According to two radiocarbon measurements, the Vadniur I/7A complex dates to the first half of the 4th mil. BC. This data, together with construction features, technical and typological charac-teristics of ceramics and flint tools, allow attributing it to the early period of the Chuzhyael'skaya Culture in north-eastern Europe. Currently, Vadniur I/7A is the oldest structure of this type in Northern Eurasia. The research opens new per-spectives for the study of genesis of the Chuzh"yael'skaya Culture, which is also associated with searching for sources of origin of housebuilding, flint knapping and pottery traditions unique for the northeast of Europe. The Vadniur I/7B complex has been identified as a compact cluster of ceramic vessel fragments and few flint artefacts. They were related to the traces of hearth no. III and together may represent remains of a short-term camp. The comparative-typological method allows to identify it as a site of the Choynovtinskaya Culture of the Eneolithic Volosovo-Garinskaya cultural com-munity of the 3rd — first half of the 2nd mil. BC.
Osteological complexes of the Bronze to Iron Age transitional period, and the Early Iron Age, in the hillfort of Maray 1 (Ishim River region)
Authors: Tsembalyuk S.I. , Kisagulov A.V. , Nekrasov А.Е.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with osteological complexes of the Maray 1 hillfort located in the forest-steppe area of the Ishim River region. The research materials were obtained from the excavations carried out in 2010 and 2019. The main periods of the site habitation recorded for the hillfort are the early chronological horizon represented by the settlement of the Krasnoozerka Culture of the Bronze to Iron Age transitional period (9th–7th c. BC), and the late cultural layer which is marked by the hillfort of the beginning of the Early Iron Age, left by the population of the Baitovo Culture (4th–2nd c. BC). From each layer associated with different periods of the site habitation, archaeo-zoological collections have been selected. The purpose of this work is to determine the type of economy of the Maray 1 population during the two major habitation phases. The essential research materials comprised of oste-ological collections obtained from the Krasnoozerka and Baitovo layers. The research technique included bone determinations based on comparison with the reference skeletal collections from the Museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yekaterinburg), using anatomy atlases [Gromova, 1950]. Determination of subfossil bird bones was carried out in the same institute, and it in-cluded comparison of the bones from the settlement with the reference osteological collection of modern bird spe-cies. The species attribution was based on morphological structure of the bones and their fragments. The oste-ological collection of the Maray 1 hillfort is stored in the Museum under No. 2361. Analysis of the species compo-sition of osteological complexes from the two main habitation periods allowed distinguishing domestic and wild animals, including birds. The proportions of the number of bones and representatives of domestic and wild fauna have been analyzed. In the Krasnoozerka Culture materials, significant predominance of wild animal bones has been determined, which suggests that the economy of the Krasnoozerka settlement was dominated by the appropri-ating activities with a significant role of hunting (mainly elk). In the Baitovo layer, bones of domestic animals signifi-cantly prevail over those of wild fauna, suggesting that the economy was based on producing sectors.
Trans* escrevivências as a pedagogical power
Authors: Dias Alfrancio Ferreira
Published: December 2020

In this article, I propose an analysis on gender from the escrevivência trans* movement. In the first section of this text, I discuss how trans* writing is enhancing trans* self-awareness, thus validating new ways of creating knowledge about these individuals from themselves, stimulating me to describe them instead of theorizing about their lives. In the second part, I discuss the rise of a trans* pedagogy that promotes teaching, expanding the representativeness of this knowledge, from a pedagogical approach based on the principles of teaching as a transgender person* (feminist self-revelation that strengthens/expands spaces for sharing trans* experiences), teaching about trans* (giving visibility to the trans* universe in teaching) and teaching through trans* epistemologies (stating that trans* teaching, besides being integrated to other practices of knowledge production, is, intrinsically, epistemological, that is, it produces knowledge).
PENGARUH SUHU DAN LAMA PEMANASAN SAAT PROSES BLANSING TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA, FISIKOKIMIA DAN FISIK TEPUNG UBI KAYU
Authors: Pratiwi P Ayu Dian , Nurdjanah Siti , Utomo Tanto Pratondo
Published: December 2020

Pengolahan ubi kayu segar menjadi tepung merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi sifat fisiologis ubi kayu yang mempunyai umur simpan yang relatif singkat. Akan tetapi, pada umumnya tepung ubi kayu yang diproses secara tradisional dari gaplek memiliki beberapa kelemahan. Kelemahan ini antara lain kurang mengembang pada tingkat proporsi yang tinggi, tekstur produk relatif keras, serta aroma apek (musty) ubi kayu kering yang terbentuk karena reaksi lanjut dari proses kerusakan fisiologi pasca panen saat penjemuran gaplek. Komponen aroma musty ini sering kali masih terbawa ketika diaplikasikan pada produk olahannya. Upaya untuk memperbaiki kualitas tepung umbi-umbian telah banyak dilakukan termasuk penggunaan panas. Blansing dalam air panas telah dilaporkan dapat memperbaiki kualitas produk kering berbasis hortikultur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh perbedaan suhu dan lama blansing dalam terhadap sifat fisikokimia dan morfologi granula tepung ubi kayu. Metode blansing menggunakan air panas bersuhu 50C, 55C dan 60℃ selama 5 menit, 7,5 menit dan 10 menit sebelum pegeringan dan penepungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suhu dan lama pemanasan berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisikokimia tepung ubi kayu. Semakin tinggi suhu dan semakin lama pemanasan menyebabkan penurunan kadar air, kadar abu, kadar amilosa, meningkatkan kelarutan dan swelling power, serta menyebabkan perubahan morfologi granula atau butiran tepung.

 

Effect of Temperature and Heating Time During Blanching Process on Physicochemical and Morfologi Properties of Cassava Flour

Processing of fresh cassava into flour is one alternative to overcome the physiological properties of cassava which has a relatively short shelf life. However, in general, traditionally processed cassava flour has several disadvantages such as low dough development, less acceptable texture and flavor when used as main material in bakery products, as well as other food products. Many efforts to improve the quality of cassava flour have been carried out, including the use of heat treatments. Hot water pretreatment has been reported to be beneficial for improving quality of dried horticulture commodities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and length of blanching on physicochemical properties of cassava flour. The method was carried out by blanching cassava chip in hot water at 50C, 55C and 60℃ for 5,7,5 and 10 minutes before drying and milling. The results showed the temperature and duration of heating affected the physicochemical properties and granular morphology of cassava flour. The higher the temperature and the longer the blanching cause a decrease in water content, ash content, amylose content, increase solubility, increase swelling power, and slightly changed the granular structures.
Flow processes and sedimentation in a straight submarine channel on the Qiongdongnan margin, northwestern South China Sea
Authors: Gong Chenglin , Li Dongwei , Qi Kun , Xu Hongxiang
Published: December 2020

Straight channels are ubiquitous in deep-water settings, yet flow dynamics and sedimentation in them are far from being well understood. Stratigraphy and flow dynamics of a middle to late Miocene straight channel in Qiongdongnan Basin were quantified, in terms of angle of channel-complex-growth trajectories (Tc), stratigraphic mobility number (M), Froude number (Fr), layer-averaged flow velocity (U), flow thickness (h), and water entrainment coefficient (Ew). The documented channels are composed of three channel complexes (CC1 to CC3) all of which are all characterized by symmetrical channel cross sections without levees and by organized vertical channel-stacking patterns (represented by high mean value of Tc = 37.4° and low mean value of M = 0.038). Turbidity currents in them were estimated to have U of 1.6 to 2.0 m/s (averaging 1.8 m/s), h of 63 to 89 m (averaging 78), Fr of 0.849 to 0.999 (averaging 0.912), and Ew of 0.0003 to 0.0005. They were, in most case, subcritical over most of the channel length, and had a low degree of water entrainment and low flow height scaled to the channel depth (i.e., 0.786 to 0.81 of the channel depth), most likely inhibiting the gradual loss of sediment to form levees. With reference to modeling results of secondary flow velocity vectors of numerical straight channels with the same sinuosity, two parallel gullies seen on both sides of the interpreted channel beds are interpreted to be induced by high-velocity downward backflows produced by the negative buoyancy. Such symmetrical secondary flow structures most likely promoted symmetrical intrachannel deposition (i.e., less deposition along both channel margins but more deposition near the channel center), and thus forced individual channel complexes to progressively aggrade in a synchronous manner, forming straight-channel complexes with symmetrical channel cross sections and organized vertical channel-stacking patterns.
Perioperative mortality of head and neck cancers
Authors: Wang Yannan , Wang Mengxue , Sun Bincan , Wang Kai , Zhu Feiya
Published: December 2020

Background: Head and neck cancers are aggressive cancers, most clinical studies focused on the prognosis of patients with head and neck cancer. However, perioperative mortality was few mentioned.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using all head and neck cancer patients admitting in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2010 to December 2019. The analysis of overall survival and progression-free survival were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses employed a logistic regression model to determine the effect of study parameters on perioperative mortality. Results: From January 2010 to December 2019, a total of 6972 patients with head and neck cancers were admitted to our department and 7 died in the hospital, all of whom were middle-aged and elderly patients including 6 males and 1 female. The perioperative mortality rate (POMR) was about 1‰. The causes of death included acute heart failure, rupture of large blood vessels in the neck, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy due to asphyxia, respiratory failure and cardiopulmonary arrest. Conclusion: Prior radiotherapy, postoperative infection, hypertension and diabetes are risk factors for perioperative mortality of head and neck cancer.
Concentration of Steroid Hormones in Chicken Meat Samples from Iranian Markets Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Shariatifar Nabi , Nabizadeh Samaneh , Anboyeh Seveh , Amirahmadi Maryam
Published: December 2020

The aim current study was to analysis of anabolic hormones (methyltestosterone and androstenedione) residue in meat poultry samples collected from Tehran market of Iran by a method based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In this regard, the extraction method of "quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe" (QuEChERS) was applied. The method of optimized was validated; obtaining suitable results for all validation parameters in the chicken matrices were assessed. Recovery values ranged from 76.3% to 116.7%. The detection limit (LOD) was established for two compounds as 0.16 μg/kg, and the quantification limit (LOQ) was determined as 0.5. Finally, 72 chicken meat samples were analyzed and two hormones (methyltestosterone and androstenedione) were evaluated, which were not detected in any of the chicken meat samples. Therefore, it can be concluded that the amount of contamination of chicken meat available in the Iranian market with hormones is often similar to that found in other countries, and in accordance with the European Commission (EC) standard. Therefore, due to the lack of hormones in chicken meat, its use cannot be dangerous for humans.
The Differential Responses of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Lipid Metabolism to Low Temperature between Cycas Bifida and C. panzhihuaensis
Authors: Zheng Yanling , Wang Meng , Hu Shijun , Wu Jianrong , Yu Zhixiang
Published: December 2020

Background: Our previous work showed that freezing tolerance of Cycas panzhihuaensis was higher than that of C. bifida. However, the mechanisms underlying the differential freezing tolerance of the two species is not clear. Photosynthesis is one of the most temperature-sensitive processes. Lipids play important roles in membrane structure, signal transduction and energy storage which are closely related to stress response of plants. Hence, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and lipid profiles of the two species were characterized to explore the dynamic changes of photosynthetic activity and lipid metabolism following low temperature and subsequent recovery. Results: The photosynthetic activity decreased significantly with the decrease of temperatures in C. bifida, reaching to zero after recovery, which however, was little affected in C. panzhihuaensis. Lipid composition of C. bifida was more affected by cold and freezing treatments than C. panzhihuaensis. Compared to the control, the proportions of all the lipid categories recovered to the original level for C. panzhihuaensis but those of most lipid categories changed significantly for C. bifida after 3 d of recovery. Particularly, the glycerophospholipids and prenol lipids of C. bifida degraded severely during recovery period for C. bifida. The changes of acyl chain length and double bond index (DBI) occurred in more lipid classes immediately after low temperatures in C. panzhihuaensis than those in C. bifida. DBI of the total main membrane lipids of C. panzhihuaensis was significantly higher than that of C. bifida following all the treatments. Conclusions: The results of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters confirmed that the freezing tolerance of C. panzhihuaensis was higher than that of C. bifida. The lipid metabolism of the two species had differential responses to low temperatures. The homeostasis and plastic adjustment of lipid metabolism and the higher level of DBI of the main membrane lipids might contribute to the higher tolerance of C. panzhihuaensis to low temperature.
Assessment of Changes in Genetic Transcriptome in Nasal Epithelial Cells Exposed to Black Carbon and Pollen Allergen by High-throughput Transcriptomics
Authors: Ouyang Yuhui , Li Ying , Xu Zhaojun , An Yusan , Zhang Luo
Published: December 2020

Background: Evidence suggests that air pollution may be associated with an increase in airway responsiveness to allergens, an increase in bioavailability of airborne allergens and possibly exacerbation of allergic rhinitis (AR). Environmental black carbon (BC) is an important constituent of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), for which the mechanisms underlying its effects have not been fully elucidated in AR. The objective of the present study was to determine the BC and pollen-induced alterations in the transcriptome in human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) in vitro.Methods: hNECs were prepared from nasal epithelial mucosal samples of healthy individuals undergoing nasal surgery (turbinoplasty or septoplasty). The hNECs were established as air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures and exposed to BC alone or in combination with pollen allergen. The changes in the transcriptome were analyzed by high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Some of the differentially expressed genes were verified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Enrichment analysis based on Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG database for each Gene was performed to determine their major biological functions and pathways.Results: Exposure to ≥50 μg/ml BC or 25μg/ml BC + 200g /ml pollen significantly decreased cell viability in the hNECs compared to control (p<0.05) or 25μg/ml BC alone (p<0.05). Expression of 114 genes (including 80 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated) and 293 genes (including 233 up-regulated and 60 down-regulated genes) was significantly altered following exposure to 200 μg/ml BC and 25 μg/ml BC =200 μg/ml pollen respectively. For 200 μg/ml BC, up-regulated GO terms were mainly associated with hypoxia stress response, whereas for 25 μg/ml BC + 200 μg/ml pollen treatment the top enriched GO terms were associated with inflammatory response including regulation of neutrophil migration and chemotaxis, macrophage differentiation and chemotaxis, mast cell activation, and phagocytosis. KEGG pathway analysis indicated the top 10 upstream regulators to be IL1B, CSF1, CCL2, TLR2, LPL, IGF8, SPP1, CXCL8, FCER1G and IL1RN. The expressions of inflammation related gene IL1B, CSF1 and FCER1G were elevated as measured by RT-qPCR assay.Conclusion: BC and pollen allergen may induce innate immune and allergic inflammation in hNECs, and therefore potentially exacerbate the symptoms of AR in affected individuals.
The Antiviral Activity of Kaempferol Against Pseudorabies Virus in Mice
Authors: Wang Rui , Hu Huaiyue , Chen Xu , Yin Zhongqiong , Liang Xiaoxia , He Changliang , Yin Lizi , Ye Gang , Zou Yuanfeng , Li Lixia , Yue Guizhou , Tang Huaqiao , Jia Renyong , Song Xu
Published: December 2020

Background: Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a member of the neurotrophic Alphaherpesviruses, is one of the most important pathogens that harm the global pig industry. Accumulated evidence indicated that PRV could infect humans under certain circumstances, inducing severe clinical symptoms such as acute human encephalitis. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs to treat PRV infections, and vaccines available only for swine could not provide full protections. Thus, new control measures are urgently needed. Results: In the present study, kaempferol exhibited anti-PRV activity in mice through improving survival rate by 22.22% at 6 days post infection (dpi) which is higher than acyclovir (Positive control) with the survival rate of 16.67%, and in the infected-untreated group the survival rate was 0%. Kaempferol could inhibit the virus replication in the brain, lung, kidney, heart and spleen, especially in the brain the viral gene copies were reduced by over 700-fold, which is further confirmed by immunohistochemical examination. The tissue lesions induced by PRV infection in these organs were also alleviated. The expressions of the early genes EPO and TK in the brain were significantly inhibited by kaempferol. The expression of latency-associated transcript (LAT) were also inhibited in the brain, which suggested kaempferol could inhibit the PRV latency. Kaempferol-treatment could induce higher levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the serum at 3 dpi which were then declined to normal levels at 5 dpi, suggesting that kaempferol could exert anti-PRV activity through regulation of the immune function.Conclusions: These results suggest that kaempferol is expected to be a new alternative control measure for PRV infections.
Health-related quality of life among breast cancer patients compared to cancer survivors and age-matched women in the general population in Vietnam
Authors: Ngan Tran Thu , Mai Vu Quynh , Minh Hoang Van , Donnelly Michael , O’Neill Ciaran
Published: December 2020

Background
This study compared the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of BC patients, survivors, and age-matched women from the general population in Vietnam in order to address the paucity of HRQoL research and contribute to the robust assessment of breast cancer (BC) screening and care in Vietnam.
Methods
The standardised EQ-5D-5L instrument was incorporated in an online survey and a hospital-based face-to-face survey, and together with data from the Vietnam EQ-5D-5L norms Study. χ2 tests assessed EQ-5D health profile associations and a Tobit regression model investigated the association between overall health status (EQ-VAS/utility scores) and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Results
A total of 309 participants (107 patients undergoing treatment and 202 survivors who had completed treatment) provided usable responses. The dimensions that affected most the HRQoL of women with BC were pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Current patients and survivors differed significantly regarding HRQoL dimensions of mobility, self-care, usual activities, and anxiety/depression. Their health utilities were 0.74 and 0.84, respectively, compared with 0.91 for age-matched Vietnamese women in the general population (p < 0.001). Treatment status (survivor vs patient), younger age, higher monthly household income, and higher education levels were associated with higher health utility.
Conclusions
The results point to unmet needs in mental health support and well-being and for attention to be given to the development of a biopsychosocial system of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and care. The results will also inform future assessments of the comparative value for money of interventions intended to impact on breast cancer in Vietnam.
An economic evaluation of Influenza and COVID -19 pandemic prevention and control interventions: a systematic review
Authors: Yigezu Amanuel , Yitayal Mezgebu , Mirkuzie Alemnesh , Getu Zekarias , Hailu Alemayehu
Published: December 2020

Background: COVID-19 causes more 1.3 million deaths globally in just nine months. Influenza is a virus with respiratory symptoms, fever, and systemic symptoms very similar to COVID 19. Various public health measures have been taken by governments and health authorities to prevent and control the pandemics. This study aimed to review the economic evaluation of public health measures against COVID-19 and influenza pandemics.Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify full economic evaluation studies on Influenza and COVID-19 pandemic published from 1998-2020. We built an exhaustive database search strategy. The search was done in Pubmed, Web of Science, EMBASE databases, and grey literature. We extracted data from selected studies using a structured data collection form after conducting a risk of bias assessment. Narrative summary tables were used to present the result and characteristics of eligible studies. Furthermore, we converted findings of studies that reported their outcome in costs per case averted and death averted into costs per life-year gained. All cost and Cost-effectiveness ratios were converted to 2019 US dollars using the exchange rate and GDP deflator. The study was registered in PROSPERO with registration No. CRD42020192384.Results: The review revealed that most of the studies were conducted in high-income countries, and only few of the studies were on non-pharmaceutical interventions. Stockpiling drugs for the treatment of sick patients was found cost-effective in most of the studies. Treatment with antiviral drugs and vaccination were found very cost-effective. The addition of school closure to other interventions was considered cost-effective only for a pandemic with a high case fatality ratio. Almost all interventions were sensitive to the infectivity and severity of the pandemic. Most of the studies were also cost-effective from the societal perspective indicating a higher net societal benefit from the pandemic prevention and control strategies.Conclusion: In conclusion, most of the interventions were cost-effective under various scenarios while school closure was cost-effective under a 'high case-fatality 'ratio' scenario only. Furthermore, the level of the pandemic's infectivity and severity were the key drivers of the cost-effectiveness of both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions.
Hepatitis C viraemic and seroprevalence and risk factors for positivity in northwest Cambodia: a household cross-sectional serosurvey
Authors: Lynch Emily , Falq Gregoire , Sun Chhorvy , Bunchhoeung PharmD Tek , Huerga Helena , Loarec Anne , Dousset Jean-Phillipe , Marquardt Tonia , Paih Mickael Le , Maman David
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND Despite a dramatic reduction in HCV drug costs and simplified models of care, many countries lack important information on prevalence and risk factors to structure effective HCV services.METHODS A cross-sectional, multi-stage cluster survey of HCV seroprevalence in adults 18 years and above was conducted, with an oversampling of those 45 years and above. 147 clusters of 25 households were randomly selected in two sets (set 1=24 clusters ≥18; set 2=123 clusters, ≥45). A multi-variable analysis assessed risk factors for sero-positivity among participants ≥45. The study occurred in rural Moung Ruessei Health Operational District, Battambang Province, Western Cambodia. RESULTS A total of 5,098 individuals and 3,616 households participated in the survey. The overall seroprevalence was 2.6% (CI95% 2.3-3.0) for those ≥18 years, 5.1% (CI95% 4.6-5.7) for adults ≥ 45 years, and 0.6% (CI95% 0.3-0.9) for adults 18-44. Viraemic prevalence was 1.9% (CI95% 1.6-2.1), 3.6% (CI95% 3.2-4.0), and 0.5% (CI95% 0.2 - 0.8), respectively. Men had higher prevalence than women: ≥18 years male seroprevalence was 3.0 (CI95% 2.5 - 3.5) versus 2.3 (CI95% 1.9 - 2.7) for women. Knowledge of HCV was poor: 64.7% of all respondents and 57.0% of seropositive participants reported never having heard of HCV.Risk factor characteristics for the population ≥45 years included: advancing age (p<0.001), low education (higher than secondary school OR 0.7 [95% CI 0.6-0.8]), any dental or gum treatment (OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.3-1.9]), historical routine medical care (medical injection after 1990 OR 0.7 [95% CI 0.6-0.9]; surgery after 1990 OR 0.7 [95% CI0.5-0.9]), and historical blood donation or transfusion (blood donation after 1980 OR 0.4 [95% CI 0.2-0.9]); blood transfusion after 1990 OR 0.7 [95% CI 0.4-1.1]).CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first large-scale general adult population prevalence data on HCV infection in Cambodia. The results confirm the link between high prevalence and age ≥45 years, lower socio-economic status and past routine medical interventions (particularly those received before 1990 and 1980). This survey suggests high HCV prevalence in certain populations in Cambodia and can be used to guide national and local HCV policy discussion.
Identification of LINC02310 as an enhancer in lung adenocarcinoma and investigation of its regulatory network via comprehensive analyses
Authors: Zhao Wenyuan , Wang Jun , Luo Qingxi , Peng Wei , Li Bin , Wang Lei , Zhang Chunfang , Duan Chaojun
Published: December 2020

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) is a major subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has one of the highest mortality rates. An increasing number of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) were reported to be associated with the occurrence and progression of LADC. Thus, tt is necessary and reasonable to find new prognostic biomarkers for LADC among LncRNAs. Methods: Differential expression analysis, survival analysis, PCR experiments and clinical feature analysis were performed to screen out the LncRNA which was significantly related to LADC. Its role in LADC was verified by CCK-8 assay and colony. Furthermore, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network construction, enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction were performed to investigate the downstream regulatory network of the selected LncRNA. Results: A total of 2431 differentially expressed LncRNAs (DELncRNAs) and 2227 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Survival analysis results indicated that lnc-YARS2-5, lnc-NPR3-2 and LINC02310 were significantly related to overall survival. Their overexpression indicated poor prognostic. PCR experiments and clinical feature analysis suggested that LINC02310 was significantly correlated with TNM-stage and T-stage. CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay demonstrated that LINC02310 acted as an enhancer in LADC. In addition, 3 targeted miRNAs of LINC02310 and 414 downstream DEmRNAs were predicted. The downstream DEmRNAs were then enriched in 405 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 11 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, which revealed their potential functions and mechanisms. The PPI network showed the interactions among the downstream DEmRNAs. Conclusions: This study verified LINC02310 as an enhancer in LADC and performed comprehensive analyses on its downstream regulatory network, which might benefit LADC prognoses and therapies.