bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Provisioning predatory mites with entomopathogenic fungi or pollen improves biological control of a greenhouse psyllid pest
Authors: Liu Jian‐Feng , Zhang Zhi‐Qiang , Beggs Jacqueline R , Zou Xiao
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

Tomato/potato psyllid (TPP), Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), is a recently established invasive pest of solanaceous crops in New Zealand. No alternative control strategies are available against TPP due to the development of insecticidal resistance. We investigated the combined use of the predatory mites Amblydromalus limonicus or Neoseiulus cucumeris with either the fungus Beauveria bassiana (suspensions and dry conidia) or with Typha orientalis pollen as a control of TPP in greenhouse bell pepper over 7 weeks.

RESULTS

All treatments significantly reduced TPP densities compared with the control. A. limonicus resulted in significantly lower TPP densities than any other combination with N. cucumeris. B. bassiana suspensions did not affect A. limonicus densities when they were combined. However, the application of dry B. bassiana conidia significantly reduced the densities of A. limonicus. The use of T. orientalis pollen resulted in significantly higher densities of A. limonicus but densities of N. cucumeris did not increase. The combined use of A. limonicus with B. bassiana suspensions or T. orientalis pollen resulted in significantly decreased TPP populations and greater crop yield.

CONCLUSION

The synergistic application of A. limonicus with B. bassiana suspensions could be a suitable strategy to control TPP in the greenhouse. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Transferable GaN Films on Graphene/SiC by van der Waals Epitaxy for Flexible Devices
Authors: Liu Yi , Xu Yu , Cao Bing , Li Zongyao , Zhao En , Yang Song , Wang Chinhua , Wang Jianfeng , Xu Ke
Published: April 2019

Van der Waals epitaxy (vdWE) of GaN films on two‐dimensional (2D) materials can overcome a lattice mismatch during crystalline growth. Moreover, this type of epitaxy allows the GaN films to be released from 2D materials because of the weak van der Waals force. However, it is difficult to directly grow a single‐crystalline film on graphene. Here, using metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), transferable single‐crystalline GaN films are synthesized on multilayer graphene (MLG)/SiC. The films exhibit a flat and continuous surface morphology and c‐axis orientation. Moreover, the GaN films are released from the graphene and transferred to flexible substrates by direct mechanical exfoliation. Furthermore, flexible ultraviolet (UV) photosensitive devices are fabricated and show excellent photoelectric performance in the UV‐range. This research lays a foundation for the application of GaN films in foldable‐display and flexible‐devices.
Robust LQR design for systems with probabilistic uncertainty
Authors: Bhattacharya Raktim
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we consider the design of robust quadratic regulators for linear systems with probabilistic uncertainty in system parameters. The synthesis algorithms are presented in a convex optimization framework, which optimize with respect to an integral cost. The optimization problem is formulated as a lower‐bound maximization problem and developed in the polynomial chaos framework. Two approaches are considered here. In the first approach, an exact optimization problem is formulated in the infinite‐dimensional space, which is solved approximately using polynomial‐chaos expansions. In the second approach, an approximate problem is formulated using a reduced‐order model and solved exactly. The robustness of the controllers from these two approaches are compared using a realistic flight control problem based on an F16 aircraft model. Linear and nonlinear simulations reveal that the first approach results in a more robust controller.
Universality for bounded degree spanning trees in randomly perturbed graphs
Authors: Böttcher Julia , Han Jie , Kohayakawa Yoshiharu , Montgomery Richard , Parczyk Olaf , Person Yury
Published: April 2019

We solve a problem of Krivelevich, Kwan and Sudakov concerning the threshold for the containment of all bounded degree spanning trees in the model of randomly perturbed dense graphs. More precisely, we show that, if we start with a dense graph Gα on n vertices with δ(Gα) ≥ αn for α > 0 and we add to it the binomial random graph G(n,C/n), then with high probability the graph Gα∪G(n,C/n) contains copies of all spanning trees with maximum degree at most Δ simultaneously, where C depends only on α and Δ.
What are we talking about when we talk about STEM education? A review of literature
Authors: Martín‐Páez Tobías , Aguilera David , Perales‐Palacios Francisco Javier , Vílchez‐González José Miguel
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study is to examine how science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education is implemented in the published literature. To accomplish this, the educational experiences published in indexed magazines in the main Web of Science collection during the 2013–2018 period were examined, with special attention paid to (a) The STEM concepts defined in the theoretical frameworks; (b) the STEM disciplines that intervene; (c) the possible benefits of STEM education; and (d) the key aspects for the success of the educational intervention. The results indicate that the theoretical frameworks used normally focus more on the variables that are the object of the study than on STEM education, and that there are multiple interpretations of what STEM education is, and these interpretations do usually involve the integrated appearance of the four disciplines that make up the acronym.
A Facile Strategy to Construct Silver‐Modified, ZnO‐Incorporated and Carbon‐Coated Silicon/Porous‐Carbon Nanofibers with Enhanced Lithium Storage
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Li Zebiao , Huang Weijian , Chen Lan , Lv Fucong , Zou Mingzhong , Qian Feng , Huang Zhigao , Lu Jian , Li Yangyang
Published: April 2019

For Si anode materials used for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), developing an effective solution to overcome their drawbacks of large volume change and poor electronic conductivity is highly desirable. Here, the composites of ZnO‐incorporated and carbon‐coated silicon/porous‐carbon nanofibers (ZnO‐Si@C‐PCNFs) are designed and synthesized via a traditional electrospinning method. The prepared ZnO‐Si@C‐PCNFs can obviously overcome these two drawbacks and provide excellent LIB performance with excellent rate capability and stable long cycling life of 1000 cycles with reversible capacity of 1050 mA h g−1 at 800 mA g−1. Meanwhile, anodes of ZnO‐Si@C‐PCNFs attached with Ag particles display enhanced LIB performance, maintaining an average capacity of 920 mA h g−1 at a large current of 1800 mA g−1 even for 1000 cycles with negligible capacity loss and excellent reversibility. In addition, the assembling method with important practical significance for a simple pouch full cell is designed and used to evaluate the active materials. The Ag/ZnO‐Si@C‐PCNFs are prelithiated and assembled in full cells using LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2(NCM523) as cathodes, exhibiting higher energy density (230 W h kg−1) of 18% than that of 195 W h kg−1 for commercial graphite//NCM523 full pouch cells. Importantly, the comprehensive mechanisms of enhanced electrochemical kinetics originating from ZnO‐incorporation and Ag‐attachment are revealed in detail.
Biodegradable Antibacterial Polymeric Nanosystems: A New Hope to Cope with Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Ding Xiaokang , Wang Anzhi , Tong Wei , Xu Fu‐Jian
Published: April 2019

The human society is faced with daunting threats from bacterial infections. Over decades, a variety of antibacterial polymeric nanosystems have exhibited great promise for the eradication of multidrug‐resistant bacteria and persistent biofilms by enhancing bacterial recognition and binding capabilities. In this Review, the “state‐of‐the‐art” biodegradable antibacterial polymeric nanosystems, which could respond to bacteria environments (e.g., acidity or bacterial enzymes) for controlled antibiotic release or multimodal antibacterial treatment, are summarized. The current antibacterial polymeric nanosystems can be categorized into antibiotic‐containing and intrinsic antibacterial nanosystems. The antibiotic‐containing polymeric nanosystems include antibiotic‐encapsulated nanocarriers (e.g., polymeric micelles, vesicles, nanogels) and antibiotic‐conjugated polymer nanosystems for the delivery of antibiotic drugs. On the other hand, the intrinsic antibacterial polymer nanosystems containing bactericidal moieties such as quaternary ammonium groups, phosphonium groups, polycations, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and their synthetic mimics, are also described. The biodegradability of the nanosystems can be rendered by the incorporation of labile chemical linkages, such as carbonate, ester, amide, and phosphoester bonds. The design and synthesis of the degradable polymeric building blocks and their fabrications into nanosystems are also explicated, together with their plausible action mechanisms and potential biomedical applications. The perspectives of the current research in this field are also described.
The positive allosteric modulator at mGlu2 receptors, LY487379, reverses the effects of chronic stress‐induced behavioral maladaptation and synaptic dysfunction in the adulthood
Authors: Mango Dalila , Caruso Alessandra , Saidi Amira , Nisticò Robert , Scaccianoce Sergio
Published: April 2019

Chronic stress induces maladaptive neural responses in several brain areas including hippocampus. It has been demonstrated that chronic stress exposure induced a downregulation of the putative presynaptic type 2 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2) receptors, which would reduce the negative feedback role exerted by these receptors. The reduced availability of these receptors would enhance glutamate overflow in the hippocampus, supporting the hypothesis that hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission plays a key etiopathological determinant in stress‐induced neuropsychiatric disorders. Since modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission has been shown to represent an interesting pharmacological tool to treat psychiatric disorders, in the present study we have investigated the effects of the mGlu2 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) LY487379. The rational bases of our study were: (a) chronic restraint stress (CRS) application in C57/BALB6 mouse induced a loss of resilience at the behavioral, biochemical, and electrophysiological level; (b) a superimposed familiar stressor (restraint) but not unfamiliar (i.e., forced swim stress) completely reversed the effects of CRS. Using the CRS model, in the present study we have investigated the effects of LY487379, an mGlu2 PAM, as well as a superimposed familiar stressor (acute restraint stress—ARS), on the immobility time at the tail suspension test and electrophysiological profile of glutamatergic transmission in the dentate gyrus (DG).
The three faces of Sup35
Authors: Lyke Douglas R. , Dorweiler Jane E. , Manogaran Anita L.
Published: April 2019

Sup35p is an essential protein in yeast that functions in complex with Sup45p for efficient translation termination. Although some may argue that this function is the only important attribute of Sup35p, there are two additional known facets of Sup35p's biology that may provide equally important functions for yeast; both of which involve various strategies for coping with stress. Recently, the N‐terminal and middle regions (NM) of Sup35p, which are not required for translation termination function, have been found to provide stress‐sensing abilities and facilitate the phase separation of Sup35p into biomolecular condensates in response to transient stress. Interestingly, the same NM domain is also required for Sup35p to misfold and enter into aggregates associated with the [PSI+] prion. Here, we review these three different states or “faces” of Sup35p. For each, we compare the functionality and necessity of different Sup35p domains, including the role these domains play in facilitating interactions with important protein partners, and discuss the potential ramifications that each state affords yeast cells under varying environmental conditions.
The Rejuvenation of Japan
Authors: Teo Victor
Published: April 2019

This chapter provides an overall introduction to the book by highlighting the main research problematic of Japan’s normalization and rejuvenation against the backdrop of security challenges faced by Japan today. The chapter first provides a conceptual survey of the literature on Japanese foreign policy, highlights the political paradoxes and dilemmas that Japan has faced through the decades since the end of the Pacific War, and demonstrates that even though circumstances and the environment have changed over the years, the fundamental security challenges that Japan face as a nation remain relatively constant. The chapter presents a theoretical discussion of the ideas behind Japan’s “normalization” and “rejuvenation,” and concludes by laying out the theoretical argument put forth by the book and providing a chapter overview of the book.
Screening, expression, purification and characterization of CoA-transferases for lactoyl-CoA generation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Mao Yufeng , Wang Baowei , Cui Zhenzhen , Zhang Zhidan , Wang Zhiwen , Chen Tao
Published: April 2019

Lactoyl-CoA is critical for the biosynthesis of biodegradable and biocompatible lactate-based copolymers, which have wide applications. However, reports on acetyl-CoA: lactate CoA-transferases (ALCTs) are rare. To exploit novel ALCTs, amino acid sequence similarity searches based on the CoA-transferases from Clostridium propionicum and Megasphaera elsdenii were conducted. Two known and three novel enzymes were expressed, purified and characterized. Three novel ALCTs were identified, one each from Megasphaera sp. DISK 18, Clostridium lactatifermentans An75 and Firmicutes bacterium CAG: 466. ME-PCT from Megasphaera elsdenii had the highest catalytic efficiency for both acetyl-CoA (264.22 s−1 mM−1) and d-lactate (84.18 s−1 mM−1) with a broad temperature range for activity and good stability. This study, therefore, offers novel and efficient enzymes for lactoyl-CoA generation. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on the systematic mining of ALCTs, which offers valuable new tools for the engineering of pathways that rely on these enzymes.
A Dynamic Game Approach for Demand-Side Management: Scheduling Energy Storage with Forecasting Errors
Authors: Pilz Matthias , Al-Fagih Luluwah
Published: April 2019

Smart metering infrastructure allows for two-way communication and power transfer. Based on this promising technology, we propose a demand-side management (DSM) scheme for a residential neighbourhood of prosumers. Its core is a discrete time dynamic game to schedule individually owned home energy storage. The system model includes an advanced battery model, local generation of renewable energy, and forecasting errors for demand and generation. We derive a closed-form solution for the best response problem of a player and construct an iterative algorithm to solve the game. Empirical analysis shows exponential convergence towards the Nash equilibrium. A comparison of a DSM scheme with a static game reveals the advantages of the dynamic game approach. We provide an extensive analysis on the influence of the forecasting error on the outcome of the game. A key result demonstrates that our approach is robust even in the worst-case scenario. This grants considerable gains for the utility company organising the DSM scheme and its participants.
Patients with Alzheimer's disease who carry the APOE ε4 allele benefit more from physical exercise
Authors: Jensen Camilla Steen , Simonsen Anja Hviid , Siersma Volkert , Beyer Nina , Frederiksen Kristian Steen , Gottrup Hanne , Hoffman Kristine , Høgh Peter , Frikke‐Schmidt Ruth , Sobol Nanna Aue , Waldemar Gunhild , Wermuth Lene , Hasselbalch Steen Gregers
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Our group has completed an exercise study of 200 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. We found improvements in cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and physical measures in the participants who adhered to the protocol. Epidemiological studies in healthy elderly suggest that exercise preserves cognitive and physical abilities to a higher extent in APOE ε4 carriers.

Methods

In this post hoc subgroup analysis study, we investigated whether the beneficial effect of an exercise intervention in patients with mild AD was dependent on the patients' APOE genotype.

Results

We found that patients who were APOE ε4 carriers benefitted more from the exercise intervention by preservation of cognitive performance and improvement in physical measures.

Discussion

This exploratory study establishes a possible connection between the beneficial effects of exercise in AD and the patients' APOE genotype. These findings, if validated, could greatly impact the clinical management of patients with AD and those at risk for developing AD.
Surgical site infection risk following cesarean deliveries covered by Medicaid or private insurance
Authors: Yi Sarah H. , Perkins Kiran M. , Kazakova Sophia V. , Hatfield Kelly M. , Kleinbaum David G. , Baggs James , Slayton Rachel B. , Jernigan John A.
Published: April 2019

Objective:

To compare risk of surgical site infection (SSI) following cesarean delivery between women covered by Medicaid and private health insurance.

Study design:

Retrospective cohort.

Study population:

Cesarean deliveries covered by Medicaid or private insurance and reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) and state inpatient discharge databases by hospitals in California (2011–2013).

Methods:

Deliveries reported to NHSN and state inpatient discharge databases were linked to identify SSIs in the 30 days following cesarean delivery, primary payer, and patient and procedure characteristics. Additional hospital-level characteristics were obtained from public databases. Relative risk of SSI by primary payer primary payer was assessed using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for patient, procedure, and hospital characteristics, accounting for facility-level clustering.

Results:

Of 291,757 cesarean deliveries included, 48% were covered by Medicaid. SSIs were detected following 1,055 deliveries covered by Medicaid (0.75%) and 955 deliveries covered by private insurance (0.63%) (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–1.3; P < .0001). The adjusted odds of SSI following cesarean deliveries covered by Medicaid was 1.4 (95% CI, 1.2–1.6; P < .0001) times the odds of those covered by private insurance.

Conclusions:

In this, the largest and only multicenter study to investigate SSI risk following cesarean delivery by primary payer, Medicaid-insured women had a higher risk of infection than privately insured women. These findings suggest the need to evaluate and better characterize the quality of maternal healthcare for and needs of women covered by Medicaid to inform targeted infection prevention and policy.
Viscous control of shallow elastic fracture: peeling without precursors
Authors: Lister John R. , Skinner Dominic J. , Large Timothy M. J.
Published: April 2019

We consider peeling of an elastic sheet away from an elastic substrate through propagation of a fluid-filled crack along the interface between the two. The peeling is driven by a bending moment applied to the sheet and is resisted by viscous flow towards the crack tip and by the toughness of any bonding between the sheet and the substrate. Travelling-wave solutions are determined using lubrication theory coupled to the full equations of elasticity and fracture. The propagation speed $v$ scales like $M^{3}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}\bar{E}^{2}d^{5}=Bd\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}^{3}/144\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$, where $d$ is the sheet’s thickness, $B=\bar{E}d^{3}/12$ its stiffness, $\bar{E}=E/(1-\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}^{2})$ its plane-strain modulus, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ the fluid viscosity, $M$ the applied bending moment and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}=M/B$ the sheet’s curvature due to bending; and the prefactor depends on the dimensionless toughness. If the toughness is small then there is a region of dry shear failure ahead of the fluid-filled region. The expressions for the propagation speed have been used to derive new similarity solutions for the spread of an axisymmetric fluid-filled blister in a variety of regimes: constant-flux injection resisted by elastohydrodynamics in the tip leads to spread proportional to $t^{4/13}$, $t^{4/17}$ and $t^{7/19}$ for peeling-by-bending, gravitational spreading and peeling-by-pulling, respectively.
ILLICIT JUSTICE: Aspirational-Strategic Subjects and the Political Economy of Domestic Violence Law in India
Authors: Roychowdhury Poulami
Published: April 2019

Criminal cases against domestic violence in India frequently result in unlawful “compromises” where litigants breach legal procedure and negotiate out-of-court settlements. Using ethnographic and interview data, this Article analyzes how legal cases become extralegal settlements. I argue that India’s legal environment engenders an “aspirational-strategic” legal consciousness among survivors, who simultaneously believe they deserve what the law promises while distrusting legal procedure and law enforcement personnel. Their bifurcated vision of the law leads them to negotiate illicit settlements. These findings indicate that expansions in legal rights can have contradictory effects on rule of law. Depending on the political economy of the legal institutional environment, citizens may respond to rights by simultaneously adopting new norms while ignoring legal rules and procedure.
Aristophanes, Birds, 995–1009
Authors: Wycherley R. E.
Published: April 2019

Amongst the people who pester Peisthetaerus (or Peithetaerus or whatever his name is) with unwanted help and advice in the latter part of the Birds is Meton, famous astronomer and mathematician, who produces and demonstrates with instruments a method of laying out the plan of the new town. Peisthetaerus makes no attempt to follow him and quickly bundles him out again without much ceremony. Commentators and readers with few exceptions treat him in a similar way. ʹΕπίτηδες ⋯δɩανόητα, δɩόλου ⋯νοηταίνεɩ, παίζεɩ—such are the comments of the scholiast, and editors are mostly content with that. Van Leeuwen (on 1002–1005) says, ‘Metonis haec verba intellegere velle, id est operam dare ut suo ioco frustretur cbtnicus.’ The passage is of course highly comical; to make it didactic and attribute to Aristophanes a serious excursion into geometry and town-planning would be perverse and pedantic; but in Aristophanes more than in most comic writers there is commonly a grain or two of truth among the chaff. These grains, though of little or no importance for the appreciation of the play as comedy, may still have some possible value in other ways, and should be carefully sifted.
Pollio, Saloninus and Salonae
Authors: Syme Ronald
Published: April 2019

A calm has succeeded the clamour of the Virgilian Bimillenary, to be shattered all too soon by the commemoration of Augustus. In this brief interval there may be leisure to examine a question touching the career of Asinius Pollio and the history of the years 42·39 B.C. The Virgilian celebrations evoked two outstanding studies of the Fourth Eclogue, a poem dedicated to Pollio and written during—or perhaps just after—the consulate of Pollio (40 B.C.). Carcopino restated and sought to reinforce an opinion widely held in late antiquity among commentators of Virgil—the miraculous child of the poem was Saloninus, a son of Asinius Pollio: the child was born, he suggests, soon after the conclusion of the Pact of Brundisium, and shortly before the end of the year 40, while Pollio was still consul. At the time Pollio was at Salonae, on the coast of Dalmatia, which city his son's name commemorates. Tarn, however, adopting and reinforcing the theory put forward by Slater in 1912, argued that the Fourth Eclogue shows traces of being an epithalamium in form, designed to celebrate the wedding of Antony and Octavia, the seal and bond of the Pact of Brundisium which was concluded in the autumn of the year 40 between the dynasts Antony and Octavian; Pollio, a friend and a partisan of Antony, acted as his plenipotentiary in the negotiations; the new epoch was thus introduced under the auspices of Pollio, ‘te duce’; the child was the child to be expected from the marriage of Antony and Octavia; it turned out in fact to be a girl.
Almost-periodic solutions of elliptic and parabolic equations in unbounded domains
Authors: Amar M. , Gianni R.
Published: April 2019

This paper is devoted to the study of the existence and uniqueness of almost-periodic solutions for elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations in unbounded domains. This kind of investigation had originally been motivated by the study of the so-called boundary layers, whose behaviour is crucial in the framework of periodic homogenization.
Relaxation and attainment results for an integral functional with unbounded energy well
Authors: Yan Baisheng
Published: April 2019

Consider the functional I(u) = ∫Ω ‖Du|n − L det Du| dx, whose energy well consists of matrices satisfying |ξ|n = L det ξ. We show that the relaxations of this functional in various Sobolev spaces are significantly different. We also make several remarks concerning various p-growth semiconvex hulls of the energy-well set and prove an attainment result for a special Hamilton-Jacobi equation, |Du|n = L det Du, in the so-called grand Sobolev space W1,q)(Ω; Rn), with q = nL/(L + 1).
Difficulties with emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking child maltreatment with the emergence of psychopathology
Authors: Weissman David G. , Bitran Debbie , Miller Adam Bryant , Schaefer Jonathan D. , Sheridan Margaret A. , McLaughlin Katie A.
Published: April 2019

Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk for most forms of psychopathology. We examine emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking maltreatment with general psychopathology. A sample of 262 children and adolescents participated; 162 (61.8%) experienced abuse or exposure to domestic violence. We assessed four emotion regulation processes (cognitive reappraisal, attention bias to threat, expressive suppression, and rumination) and emotional reactivity. Psychopathology symptoms were assessed concurrently and at a 2-year longitudinal follow-up. A general psychopathology factor (p factor), representing co-occurrence of psychopathology symptoms across multiple internalizing and externalizing domains, was estimated using confirmatory factor analysis. Maltreatment was associated with heightened emotional reactivity and greater use of expressive suppression and rumination. The association of maltreatment with attention bias varied across development, with maltreated children exhibiting a bias toward threat and adolescents a bias away from threat. Greater emotional reactivity and engagement in rumination mediated the longitudinal association between maltreatment and increased general psychopathology over time. Emotion dysregulation following childhood maltreatment occurs at multiple stages of the emotion generation process, in some cases varies across development, and serves as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking child maltreatment with general psychopathology.
Linking social motivation with social skill: The role of emotion dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Neuhaus Emily , Webb Sara J. , Bernier Raphael A.
Published: April 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with pervasive social deficits as well as marked emotion dysregulation across the life span. Decreased social motivation accounts in part for social difficulties, but factors moderating its influence are not fully understood. In this paper, we (a) characterize social and emotional functioning among children and adolescents with ASD, (b) explore contributions of socialmotivationand emotion dysregulation to socialskill, and (c) consider biological sex and intellectual functioning as moderators of these associations. In a sample of 2,079 children and adolescents with ASD from the Simons Simplex Collection, we document direct effects of social motivation, internalizing symptoms, aggression, attention problems, irritability, and self-injurious behavior on children's social skills. Furthermore, dysregulation in several domains moderated the association between social motivation and social skill, suggesting a blunting effect on social motivation in the context of emotional difficulties. Moreover, when considering only individuals with intellectual skills in the average range or higher, biological sex further moderated these associations. Findings add to our understanding of social–emotional processes in ASD, suggest emotion dysregulation as a target of intervention in the service of social skill improvements, and build on efforts to understand sources of individual difference that contribute to heterogeneity among individuals with ASD.
SHORT INTERVALS ASYMPTOTIC FORMULAE FOR BINARY PROBLEMS WITH PRIME POWERS, II
Authors: LANGUASCO ALESSANDRO , ZACCAGNINI ALESSANDRO
Published: April 2019

We improve some results in our paper [A. Languasco and A. Zaccagnini, ‘Short intervals asymptotic formulae for binary problems with prime powers’, J. Théor. Nombres Bordeaux30 (2018) 609–635] about the asymptotic formulae in short intervals for the average number of representations of integers of the forms $n=p_{1}^{\ell _{1}}+p_{2}^{\ell _{2}}$ and $n=p^{\ell _{1}}+m^{\ell _{2}}$, where $\ell _{1},\ell _{2}\geq 2$ are fixed integers, $p,p_{1},p_{2}$ are prime numbers and $m$ is an integer. We also remark that the techniques here used let us prove that a suitable asymptotic formula for the average number of representations of integers $n=\sum _{i=1}^{s}p_{i}^{\ell }$, where $s$, $\ell$ are two integers such that $2\leq s\leq \ell -1$, $\ell \geq 3$ and $p_{i}$, $i=1,\ldots ,s$, are prime numbers, holds in short intervals.
What do family caregivers know about palliative care? Results from a national survey
Authors: Dionne-Odom J. Nicholas , Ornstein Katherine A. , Kent Erin E.
Published: April 2019

Objective

Despite their key role in caring for individuals with serious, chronic illness, there have been no national studies examining family caregiver awareness and perceptions of palliative care. Hence, our objectives were to ascertain level of knowledge of palliative care among U.S. family caregivers and describe demographic variation in awareness and perceptions of palliative care.

Method

Using the 2018 National Cancer Institute Health Information National Trends Survey, we identified unpaid family caregivers caring or making healthcare decisions for someone with a medical, behavioral, disability, or other condition. Respondents were asked about their awareness of the term “palliative care” and, if aware, how much they agreed with statements representing common (mis)perceptions about palliative care (e.g., “Palliative care is the same as hospice”).

Result

More than one-half of caregivers (55%) had “never heard” of palliative care; 19.2% knew what palliative care was and “could explain it to someone else.” In adjusted models, racial minorities (vs. whites) and those without a college degree were less likely to have heard of palliative care. Among those aware of palliative care, ~40% “strongly” or “somewhat” agreed that “Palliative care is the same as hospice”; another 10.5% “didn't know.” Similarly, 40% reported that “When I think of palliative care, I automatically think of death.”

Significance of results

One-half of family caregivers of adults with serious chronic illness have never heard of palliative care. Even among those who had heard of palliative care, the majority do not distinguish it from hospice care and death. Given the role family caregivers may play in decisions to access palliative care, public messaging efforts are needed to clarify palliative care services in a way that is patient- and family-centered.
QUANTIFIED INTUITIONISTIC LOGIC OVER METRIZABLE SPACES
Authors: KREMER PHILIP
Published: April 2019

In the topological semantics, quantified intuitionistic logic, QH, is known to be strongly complete not only for the class of all topological spaces but also for some particular topological spaces — for example, for the irrational line, ${\Bbb P}$, and for the rational line, ${\Bbb Q}$, in each case with a constant countable domain for the quantifiers. Each of ${\Bbb P}$ and ${\Bbb Q}$ is a separable zero-dimensional dense-in-itself metrizable space. The main result of the current article generalizes these known results: QH is strongly complete for any zero-dimensional dense-in-itself metrizable space with a constant domain of cardinality ≤ the space’s weight; consequently, QH is strongly complete for any separable zero-dimensional dense-in-itself metrizable space with a constant countable domain. We also prove a result that follows from earlier work of Moerdijk: if we allow varying domains for the quantifiers, then QH is strongly complete for any dense-in-itself metrizable space with countable domains.
TDOA estimation using a pair of synchronized anchor nodes
Authors: Djaja-Josko Vitomir , Kolakowski Jerzy , Modelski Jozef
Published: April 2019

Nowadays, as indoor localization is getting more popular, there is a growing need for reliable and accurate techniques of position determination. Recently, ultrawideband (UWB)-based systems are gaining popularity, since they make achieving positioning errors in the range of dozens of centimeters or even single centimeters, possible. The Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)-based systems are especially attractive because they allow to simplify tags, in which functionality can be limited to transmission of packets. However, one of TDOA-based solution drawbacks is a need for strict synchronization between anchor nodes, which may be hard to provide in indoor environment. In the paper, a novel method for simplifying synchronization in TDOA-based UWB localization system is described. The paper presents two system architectures based on pairs of synchronized nodes. Results of simulations and experiments included in the article allow for evaluation of both solutions.
High-Fat Diet Elevates Liver Docosahexaenoic Acid Possibly through Over-Expression of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Elongase 2 in C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Reddy Mooli Raja Gopal , Asha Gundluri Venkata , Manchiryala Sravan Kumar , Putcha Uday Kumar , Vajreswari Ayyalasomayajula , Jeyakumar Shanmugam M.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The liver is the main site of lipid metabolism and vitamin A storage. Dietary factors are known to affect liver function, thereby leading to metabolic abnormalities. Here, we assessed the impact of long-term feeding of a high-fat diet on hepatic vitamin A status and lipid metabolism. For this purpose, 14 male and 14 female 35-day-old mice (strain C57BL/6J) were each divided into 2 groups of 7 animals and fed either a stock diet or a high-fat (HF) diet for 26 weeks. In addition to increased body weight/weight gain, the HF diet induced hypertriglyceridemia in both (p < 0.01). However, liver triglyceride levels were comparable among groups, which could be partly explained by unaltered expression of various lipogenic pathway proteins such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), and glycerol 3-phosphate acyl transferase (GPAT). On the other hand, hepatic retinol stores increased significantly in both sexes, whereas males displayed elevated circulatory retinol levels. Notably, long-term feeding of a HF diet elevated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) levels in the liver (p ≤ 0.001), which is in line with the over-expression of very long-chain fatty acid elongase 2 (ELOVL2) protein in both sexes of mice (p < 0.01). In conclusion, very long-term feeding of a HF diet increased hepatic retinol stores and induced hypertriglyceridemia. However, it had no effect on hepatic triglyceride accumulation, possibly due to increased DHA levels arising from the ELOVL2-mediated elongation pathway.
Epigallocatechin Gallate Protects against TNFα- or H2O2- Induced Apoptosis by Modulating Iron Related Proteins in a Cell Culture Model
Authors: Xu Qi , Kanthasamy Anumantha G. , Reddy Manju B.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Oxidative stress, iron dysregulation, and inflammation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Considering the entwined relationship among these factors, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) may be a good candidate for PD treatment due to its protective effects against those factors. The objective of this study is to determine whether EGCG protects N27 dopaminergic neuronal cells from H2O2 - and TNFα- induced neurotoxicity. Seven treatments were included: control, H2O2, TNFα, FeSO4, H2O2 + EGCG, TNFα + EGCG, FeSO4 + EGCG. Cells were pretreated with 10 μM EGCG, followed by 50 μM H2O2, 30 ng/ml TNFα or 50 μM FeSO4. Neuroprotective effects of EGCG were assessed by cell viability assay, caspase-3 activity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and iron related protein expressions. Caspase-3 activity was increased to 2.8 fold (P < 0.001) and 1.5 fold (P < 0.01) with H2O2 and TNFα treatment; However, EGCG pretreatment significantly decreased the caspase activity by 50.2% (P < 0.001) and 30.1% (P < 0.05). Similarly, cell viability was reduced to 69.2% (P < 0.01) and 89% (P < 0.01) by H2O2 and TNFα, which was partially blocked by EGCG pretreatment. Also, EGCG significantly (P < 0.001) protected against H2O2- induced ROS in a time dependent manner. In addition, both H2O2 and TNFα significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated hepcidin expression and marginally reduced ferroportin (Fpn) expression unlike iron treatment alone. Collectively, our results show that EGCG protects against both TNFα- and H2O2- induced neuronal apoptosis. The observed neuroprotection may be through the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation which is possibly mediated mainly by hepcidin and partially by Fpn.
Reward Processing in Adolescent Depression Across Neuroimaging Modalities
Authors: O’Callaghan Georgia , Stringaris Argyris
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Depressive symptoms have long been associated with abnormalities in neural processing of reward. However, no review has yet consolidated evidence of such deficits in adolescent depression, integrating findings across neuroimaging modalities, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). The current review found consistent evidence of reduced striatal responses in anticipation and upon receipt of rewards, and blunted feedback-related negativity (FRN) potentials associated with depression in adolescence, consistent with the adult literature. Furthermore, while these occurred in currently depressed adolescents, they were also found to be predictive of the onset of depressive symptoms in longitudinal studies with community-based adolescent samples. This paper makes recommendations for future work to continue to elucidate this relationship, a greater understanding of which may lead to more targeted and efficacious treatments for depression in adolescence.
CO2 Fertilization Confounds Tree‐Ring Records of Regional Hydroclimate at Northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Wenzhi , Liu Xiaohong , Xu Guobao , Treydte Kerstin , Shao Xuemei , Qin Dahe , Wang Genxu , McDowell Nate G.
Published: April 2019

Understanding historical hydroclimate change during the last millennium is of fundamental importance for forecasting and evaluating the regional hydrologic cycle and water security under global warming. Here we compared observations of tree‐ring stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ18O), tree‐ring widths, lake sediments estimates of regional hydroclimate, and glacier advance and retreat for northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, China. The hydroclimate dynamics in our composite isotope record is similar to that derived from the juniper tree‐ring widths throughout the last millennium until the latter half of the twentieth century, after which they diverged with the tree‐ring widths indicating an unprecedented wet period while the isotopic results, sediment proxies, and glaciers demonstrated a drying pattern. Rising atmospheric CO2 promoted increases in canopy‐scale intrinsic water‐use efficiency and growth, causing tree‐ring widths to overestimate the regional hydroclimate signal in the growth record. Thus, our study suggests that CO2 fertilization over the last century may confound hydroclimate reconstructions inferred from juniper tree‐ring width at northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, which may cause overestimates of water resources. Correction for CO2‐induced changes in tree‐ring widths may be necessary to accurately utilize tree rings for paleoclimate reconstructions.
Quasi‐Real‐Time and High‐Resolution Spatiotemporal Distribution of Ocean Anthropogenic CO2
Authors: Li B. F. , Watanabe Y. W. , Hosoda S. , Sato K. , Nakano Y.
Published: April 2019

Increasing marine uptake of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) causes global ocean acidification. To obtain a high‐resolution spatiotemporal distribution of oceanic carbon chemistry, we developed new parameterizations of the seawater total alkalinity, and dissolved inorganic carbon from the ocean's surface to 2,000‐m depth by using dissolved oxygen, water temperature (T), salinity (S), and pressure (P) data. Using the values of total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon predicted by dissolved oxygen, T, S, and P data derived from autonomous biogeochemical Argo floats, we described the distribution of oceanic Cant in the 2000s in the subarctic North Pacific at high spatiotemporal resolution. The Cant was found about 300 m deeper than during the 1990s; its average inventory to 2,000 m was 24.8 ± 10.2 mol/m2, about 20% higher than the 1990s average. Future application of parameterizations to global biogeochemical Argo floats data should allow the detailed global mapping of spatiotemporal distributions of CO2 parameters.
Insights From a Decade of Research on Coral Reef—Atmosphere Energetics
Authors: McGowan Hamish , Sturman Andrew , Saunders Melissa , Theobald Alison , Wiebe Andrew
Published: April 2019

Coral reefs cover approximately 0.10 to 0.25% of the marine environment and yet are home to around 25% of marine species and support the livelihoods of more than 500 million people. They face a wide range of threats, with the impact of global warming gaining most attention due to its frequently claimed causal link to coral bleaching. Here we review a decade of research into the micrometeorology of Heron Reef, a lagoonal platform coral reef in the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Using novel pontoon‐mounted eddy covariance systems, we show that often >80% of net radiation is partitioned into heating the water overlying the reef, the reef benthos, and substrate. Significant spatial variability in energy and trace gas exchanges occurs over the reef in response to different geomorphic and hydrodynamic conditions. Synoptic weather patterns that bring light winds, clear skies, and high humidity, result in reef scale meteorology that appears to have a greater influence on coral bleaching events than the background oceanic warming trend. The reef develops its own convective internal boundary layer, with potential to influence cloud development and therefore the surface energy balance. Knowledge of such local effects is lacking, so it is recommended that future research is needed into reef scale processes and how they interact with larger‐scale forcing.
Evidence for Deformation in the Cambrian‐Ordovician Warburton Basin and Implications for the Evolution of the Tasmanides (Eastern Australia)
Authors: Abdullah Rashed , Nugroho Rio , Rosenbaum Gideon , Doublier Michael P. , Shaanan Uri , Zwingmann Horst
Published: April 2019

The Paleozoic tectonic history of the Tasmanides in eastern Australia was dominated by subduction‐related processes along the margin of eastern Gondwana. The earliest deformation event, Delamerian Orogeny, took place in the middle‐late Cambrian and is recorded in rocks within the Delamerian and Thomson orogens. The Cambrian‐Ordovician Warburton Basin covers the boundary between the Delamerian and Thomson Orogens, but very little is known about its origin and deformation history. Here we interpret geophysical data, including 2‐D seismic reflection transects, Bouguer gravity, and aeromagnetic data that provide new insights into the deformation in the eastern Warburton Basin and the kinematics of major faults. Our results show that curvilinear NE‐trending faults in the eastern Warburton Basin are basement reverse faults that experienced multiple phases of contractional deformation. Evidence for a syn‐kinematic Cambrian package (Kalladeina Formation) suggests that faulting commenced in response to the Delamerian Orogeny. A subsequent Early Devonian deformation in the eastern Warburton Basin is evident from K‐Ar geochronology of low‐grade (subgreenschist) metasedimentary rocks. We suggest that the NE‐trending Cambrian fold‐thrust belt within the eastern Warburton Basin marks the continuation of the curved Delamerian Orogen into the Thomson Orogen. This oroclinal structure may have developed in the Early Devonian in response to dextral transpression along the northern boundary of the Delamerian Orogen. Our results provide a demonstration for the complex interactions that can take place during the evolution of convergent plate boundaries, involving deformation in the fold‐thrust belt, development of sedimentary basins, and oroclinal bending.
Resolving the controls of water vapour isotopes in the Atlantic sector
Authors: Bonne Jean-Louis , Behrens Melanie , Meyer Hanno , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Rabe Benjamin , Schönicke Lutz , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian , Werner Martin
Published: April 2019

Stable water isotopes are employed as hydrological tracers to quantify the diverse implications of atmospheric moisture for climate. They are widely used as proxies for studying past climate changes, e.g., in isotope records from ice cores and speleothems. Here, we present a new isotopic dataset of both near-surface vapour and ocean surface water from the North Pole to Antarctica, continuously measured from a research vessel throughout the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans during a period of two years. Our observations contribute to a better understanding and modelling of water isotopic composition. The observations reveal that the vapour deuterium excess within the atmospheric boundary layer is not modulated by wind speed, contrary to the commonly used theory, but controlled by relative humidity and sea surface temperature only. In sea ice covered regions, the sublimation of deposited snow on sea ice is a key process controlling the local water vapour isotopic composition.
Fast negative breakdown in thunderstorms
Authors: Tilles Julia N. , Liu Ningyu , Stanley Mark A. , Krehbiel Paul R. , Rison William , Stock Michael G. , Dwyer Joseph R. , Brown Robert , Wilson Jennifer
Published: April 2019

Thunderstorms are natural laboratories for studying electrical discharges in air, where the vast temporal, spatial, and energy scales available can spawn surprising phenomena that reveal deficiencies in our understanding of dielectric breakdown. Recent discoveries, such as sprites, jets, terrestrial gamma ray flashes, and fast positive breakdown, highlight the diversity of complex phenomena that thunderstorms can produce, and point to the possibility for electrical breakdown/discharge mechanisms beyond dielectric breakdown theory based mainly on laboratory experiments. Here we present one such confounding discovery, termed fast negative breakdown, that does not fit with our current understanding of dielectric breakdown. Our adaptation of radio astronomy imaging techniques to study extremely transient lightning-associated events confirms that electrical breakdown in thunderstorms can begin with oppositely-directed fast breakdown of negative polarity, similar and in addition to fast positive breakdown expected from conventional dielectric theory and recent observations. The discovery of fast negative breakdown calls for an addendum to the physical description of electrical discharges in air.