bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tradeoffs Between Maize Importation and Reliance on Local Production: A Case of Commercial Maize Millers in Kenya
Authors: Nzaka Priscilla , Koech Gladys , Bett Hillary , Owuor George
Published: June 2024

The supply of maize in Kenya has often fallen short of the demand resulting to an influx of cheap maize imports from neighboring countries. Tradeoffs thus arise among commercial maize milling firms whether to import or use locally produced maize in their operations and which alternative maximizes their income. This study aimed to determine the effect of tradeoffs between maize importation and reliance on local production on the income of commercial maize milling firms in Kenya. Data was collected from 106 commercial maize milling firms that produced packaged maize flour. A census of the entire population was employed and a semi-structured questionnaire used to guide personal interviews and online surveys with the respondents. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, gross margins and two-stage least square regression. Results indicate that firms that used locally produced maize only were majorly micro to medium-scale, had relatively low-skilled employees, lower production capacity and employed relatively less sophisticated technology. Firms that used locally produced maize only in their operations realized higher incomes and lower cost of procuring maize monthly compared to firms that used both locally produced and imported maize. Additionally, the determinants of firm’s income were the miller’s decision on maize source, total number of employees, total cost of maize, mean monthly sales and mean production costs. Therefore, government policies should be geared towards lowering the cost of procuring maize from both local and import sources. These include reviewing import duties on food grain, streamlining cess collection across counties and improving road infrastructure.
Fermented African Locust Bean (Iru), a Potential Dietary Prebiotic and Probiotic
Authors: Adeniyi Paulina
Published: June 2024

The fact that indigenous foods in Nigeria are always forgotten as possible dietary prebiotics and probiotics cannot be overemphasized, hence, there is need to bring to limelight the potentials of our indigenous foods that are potent prebiotics and probiotics. This is therefore a review of prebiotic and probiotic concept, food sources with emphasis on iru, fermented African locust bean. The search engines used for this study are; Google Scholar, AGORA and HINARI. The Galactose-oligosaccharide and arabinogalactan which are the prebiotics in African locust bean (Parkiabiglobosa) can be partially hydrolyzed in the course of fermentation of the bean into iru while the unhydrolyzed part acts as a prebiotic when the condiment is consumed. This makes iru a possible source of prebiotic. In the same vein Bacillus spp and Lactobacillus spp which are probiotics dominate the fermentation procedure in the production of iru and they were affirmed to be acid tolerant, thermotolerant, bile salt tolerant with appreciable or notable antibacterial activity against gastrointestinal pathogens. Fermented African locust bean, Iru, indeed has potentials of dietary prebiotic and probiotic, hence, its consumption should be optimally and maximally encouraged, popularized and publicized in order to harness the nutritious, aromatic and health benefits of this indigenous culinary condiment.
Factors Affecting the Adoption of Wildfire Management Technology in Ghana
Authors: Nunoo Isaac , Asante Joseph , Ansah Mercy , Twumasi- Ankra Boakye , Frimpong Benedicta , Osei Eric , Abu Daniel , Mensah Evans , Asante Angela , Offei Paloma , Hinneh Kwame , Sekyere Kwame
Published: June 2024

This study evaluates the factors that influence and limit the development of fire belts, a fire management technique used by Ghanaian farmers. We obtained primary data from three hundred farmers. Kendall's coefficient of concordance and the logit model were used. Awareness of fire belt creation as fire management technology was high, with a generally positive perception of fire belt creation. This methodology, however, was adopted by less than half of the farmers. Age, gender, marital status, type of crop grown by the farmer, access to community fire volunteers, FBO membership, awareness of technology, cost of technology, and ease of technology use are the factors that determine the incidence of adoption of fire belt creation. Major constraints in adoption include limited access to information, unavailability of assistance from GNFS, initial investment cost, illiteracy, unwillingness to adopt the technology, culture and traditions, time-consuming and difficulty in technology use and risk and uncertainty about the technological application. To improve the uptake of fire belt creation there is the need to form and strengthen community fire volunteers and group dynamics (FBOs) at the community level as it promises to promote fire belt creation as fire management technology and hence reduce wildfire risk in the communities.
Modelling of CO2 Removal and Capturing Process Using Different Solvents for Al-Halfaya Oil Field to Reduce the Total Emissions
Authors: Alkhazrajie Ali , Neamah Ali
Published: June 2024

Since there currently are no financially feasible sources of renewable electricity and since they are readily available and inexpensive, such as coal, fossil fuels; that will remain the primary energy source for decades. Consequently, it is imperative to create technologies that allow for the continued use of fossil fuels whilst reducing the amount of CO2 released into the environment. In order to lower atmospheric emissions, CO2 should be captured from sources of emissions. Increased oil recovery, ocean or subsurface storage, or perhaps both, might be accomplished using the recovered CO2. Extracting high-purity CO2 from flue gas, which is present in low concentrations (about 15 percent), is the most difficult step in the CO2 capture process. The process of a selected separation approach will then be thoroughly examined by modeling it utilizing the Aspen Plus program while employing three solvents, including MEA, DEA, and NH3. Additionally, based on the simulation results provided by Aspen Plus, the present research intends to assess the environmental and economic implications of every solvent in order to choose the solvent with the minimum environmental impact and the best economic performance. Also, look at how the final CO2 removal efficacy is affected by the pressure and temperature of the chosen solvents and absorber. According to the findings, DEA solvent outperformed NH3 and MEA in terms of CO2 extraction effectiveness. Additionally, employing NH3 as a chemical solvent does not affect temperature or pressure, but using MEA and DEA negatively influences CO2 extraction efficiency when the temperature is raised. However, when utilizing DEA and MEA as chemical solvents, the pressure of the solvent enhances the rate of CO2 collecting.
Asymptotic Behavior of nth Order Impulsive Differential Equations
Authors: Zheng Yuxin , Pan Lijun
Published: June 2024

This paper devotes to the asymptotic behavior of all solutions of nth order impulsive differential equations. Based on impulsive differential inequality, boundedness and zero tendency of every solution for nth order impulsive differential equations are obtained. In addition, we derive globally uniformly exponential stability of every solution under Lyapunov function and impulsivetechnique, and these results are extend to nth order differential equations with periodic coefficient and periodic impulse. Meanwhile, an example with simulations are provided to verify the conclusion.
Renal Histopathological Changes in Children With Congenital Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Authors: Mundra Mahin , Mohanty Suravi , Galagali DevAnand , Michael Raj John , Shubha Attibele Mahadevaiah
Published: June 2024

Renal histologic changes in congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), although well documented, are sparsely studied in children. This study aims to establish a histological grading depending on the glomerular and tubulo-interstitial changes in hydronephrotic kidneys and determine correlation with age at surgery and impact on function post-pyeloplasty. A renal cortical wedge biopsy was obtained after pyeloplasty and histological changes were graded from 1 to 4. A total of 47 viable biopsies from 57 children showed grade 1 changes in 10, grade 2 in 7, grade 3 in 27, and grade 4 in 3. Age at surgery, histological grade, and changes in differential renal function (DRF) were statistically analyzed. Younger age, near normal histology, and those with changes in 1 domain had preserved DRF pre-operatively. Renal histology and overall grade showed positive correlation with pre-operative DRF. However, no statistically significant association was noted with age at surgery or change in post-operative DRF.
Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia: The Impact of Antithyroid Antibodies on the Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Skoric Dejan , Krcunovic Jelena , Svorcan Jovana , Krstovski Nada , Rodic Predrag , Lazic Jelena , Milosevic Goran , Rajic Vladan , Mitrovic Jadranka
Published: June 2024

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired immune-mediated bleeding disorder characterized by isolated low platelet (PLT) counts. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura pathogenesis involves multiple immune mechanisms causing PLT destruction and inadequate production. Owing to impaired immune homeostasis, ITP patients can develop other than anti-PLT autoantibodies even in the absence of clinical signs of autoimmune disease, such as anti-thyroglobulin (TG) and anti-thyroperoxidase (TPO) antibodies. Our objective is to determine the prevalence of antithyroid antibodies (ATAs) in the population of pediatric ITP patients, and the differences in ATA positivity prevalence in newly diagnosed/persistent ITP, and chronic ITP patient subgroups, as well as to establish the impact of ATA positivity on the treatment outcomes. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 75 pediatric patients diagnosed with ITP and 60 healthy controls, carried out over a period of 11 years. The prevalence of ATA was significantly higher in ITP patients compared with controls (28% vs 5%, P < .05). Initial PLT count was significantly lower in ATA-positive patients, but the treatment response did not differ between ATA-positive and ATA-negative patients. To conclude, our study confirmed that ITP patients have a higher prevalence of ATA compared with the healthy pediatric population; however, no association was found between ATA positivity and disease duration or treatment outcomes. Our findings suggest that ATA screening may not be prognostic for ITP in pediatric population, but further research with larger cohorts may be beneficial to elucidate the role of ATA in ITP pathogenesis and management.
Interventions to promote mental health in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Palestinian refugees: A scoping review
Authors: Abu-Ras Wahiba , Almoayad Fatmah , Bakry Huny M , Alammari Duaa , Kelly Patricia J , Aboul-Enein Basil H
Published: June 2024

Background:

The long history of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has resulted in a public and mental health crisis. Despite the significant mental health burdens facing the Palestinian population in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) and refugee camps, this issue remains comprehensively unexplored.

Aims:

This scoping review identified mental health interventions and assessed their effectiveness among populations in the OPT and Palestinian refugee camps, while addressing delivery challenges.

Method:

A scoping review was conducted using 14 databases to include relevant studies published through March 2024 using PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews.

Results:

Analyzing 31 intervention studies meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria, revealed varied outcomes in interventions targeting post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and overall mental well-being.

Conclusions:

While some interventions showed potential, others had limited effectiveness, underscoring the complexity of mental health needs in conflict zones. Gender- and risk-specific effectiveness was observed, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches. Challenges like low attendance rates and systemic barriers hindered intervention success. The profound impact of war on children stresses the urgency for targeted interventions. Empowerment and community connectedness are vital for resilience, along with the importance of family and community involvement and research that balances the need for strong evaluation designs with the need for ongoing mental health services. Advocacy for systemic changes is crucial to implement the complex sustainable interventions necessary to assure mental health in any population. This review highlights the importance of holistic, contextually relevant approaches for mental health intervention in OPT and refugee camps, emphasizing rigorous evaluations and community-driven approaches.
Torsion modulus to hollow glass microsphere additives in unsaturated polyester resin: Dynamic and deformation energy methods
Authors: Pintão Carlos Alberto Fonzar , Baggio Airton , Alarcon Rafael Turra , Piedade Lucas Pereira
Published: June 2024

This paper presents two methods for deformation energy or dynamic for measuring and calculating the torsion modulus, G, for composites with hollow glass microsphere (HGM) additives in unsaturated polyester resin. First, we constructed a measurement system with a torsion pendulum, a force sensor (FS), and a rotational movement sensor (RMS). Then, we deduced a relationship between force (F) and torsion angle (θ) to obtain G by deformation energy. Second, using the relaxation curve, θ in function time (t), we deduce an equation that could return the value of G for dynamic. Both techniques are non-destructive and independent of knowing the value of Poisson’s ratio. We used samples of approximately 5.00 mm diameters, and the influence percentage of HGM additives differed from that of 100%Wt resin. They obtained G values by opting for these composite materials’ different methods, showing a maximum deviation of 5.44%.
A Scoping Review and Assessment of the Area-Level Composite Measures That Estimate Social Determinants of Health Across the United States
Authors: Hassett Thomas C. , Stuhlsatz Greta , Snyder John E.
Published: June 2024

Objectives:

Evidence-informed population health initiatives often leverage data from various sources, such as epidemiologic surveillance data and administrative datasets. Recent interest has arisen in using area-level composite measures describing a community’s social risks to inform the development and implementation of health policies, including payment reform initiatives. Our objective was to capture the breadth of available area-level composite measures that describe social determinants of health (SDH) and have potential for application in population health and policy work.

Methods:

We conducted a scoping review of the scientific literature from 2010 to 2022 to identify multifactorial indices and rankings reflected in peer-reviewed literature that estimate SDH and that have publicly accessible data sources. We discovered several additional composite measures incidental to the scoping review process. Literature searches for each composite measure aimed to contextualize common applications in public health investigations.

Results:

From 491 studies, we identified 31 composite measures and categorized them into 8 domains: environmental conditions and pollution, opportunity and infrastructure, deprivation and well-being, COVID-19, rurality, food insecurity, emergency response and community resilience, and health. Composite measures are applied most often as an independent variable associated with disparities, risk factors, and/or outcomes affecting individuals, populations, communities, and health systems.

Conclusions:

Area-level composite measures describing SDH have been applied to wide-ranging population health work. Social risk indicators may enable policy makers, evaluators, and researchers to better assess community risks and needs, thereby facilitating the evidence-informed development, implementation, and study of initiatives that aim to improve population health.
Research on a smart bra design strategy and platform for breast health risk monitoring
Authors: Zhang Xiying , Liu Zongming , Luo Xiangdong , Zhang Xiaolong , Qiang Wei
Published: June 2024

To reduce the risk of breast disease in women, we proposed a new smart bra design scheme. We implanted high-precision temperature sensors into the bra for real-time data monitoring, and used multipoint comparison technology to obtain early warnings of breast lesions based on abnormal temperature data. The proposed monitoring system can perform functions such as real-time data feedback, periodic report recording, remote consultation, health management, and electronic medical record generation. Compared with previous approaches, the functionality of this smart bra is not affected by dynamic body movements or environmental temperature, and its monitoring range for breast diseases is wider. This study promotes the monitoring and prevention of breast diseases in women, leading to a shift from disease treatment to disease prevention.
Zero-defect manufacturing in the textile industry: a review of current advances and challenges
Authors: Xu Yiqin , Sun Runjun , Zhi Chao , Liu Zhe , Chen Jianglong , Ke Zhenxia , Yu Lingjie
Published: June 2024

With the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) and advances in digital technology, zero-defect manufacturing (ZDM) has become a transformative and attractive concept that has the potential to reshape the manufacturing landscape. In this structured literature review, recent developments in ZDM in the textile industry from 2004 to 2023 are examined, with a focus on detection, repair, prediction, and prevention. Through bibliometrics analysis and evaluation of the current situation of ZDM technology, four main shortcomings are highlighted, to be specific, limitations in automated defect detection, incomplete artificial intelligence (AI)-based repair strategies, restricted predictive research, and focused prevention mechanism. Meanwhile, open challenges that require urgent attention are explored, that is systematic ZDM strategy integration, data management complexity, and demand for flexible ZDM frameworks. To address these shortcomings and challenges, three further prospectives are proposed, including addressing research imbalance, vision for an integrated ZDM system, and evolutionary predictive models. These prospectives aim to advance the field and drive the holistic development of ZDM technologies in the textile industry by promoting a more intelligent production strategy with higher quality and less waste.
A novel configuration for providing continuous renal replacement therapy via the ECMO circuit in VV ECMO without alarm adjustment
Authors: Noel Christopher , Green Adam , Florea Ioana , Puri Nitin , Dawson Solomon , Gorski Meghan , Rios Robert , Kouch Michael
Published: June 2024

Background

It is common for patients on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) to require continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). This can be done using separate vascular access for the CRRT circuit, by placing the CRRT hemofilter within the ECMO circuit, or through a separate CRRT circuit connected to the ECMO circuit. When a CRRT circuit is connected to the ECMO circuit, the inflow and outflow CRRT limbs can both be placed pre-ECMO pump or the CRRT circuit can span the ECMO pump, with the CRRT inflow post-ECMO pump and the outflow pre-ECMO pump. Both configurations require the CRRT alarms to be inactivated due to high positive pressure experienced post-pump and low negative pressure pre-pump. We describe a novel technique that does not require separate venous access and still allows the CRRT alarms to be activated.

Technique

The CRRT inflow line is connected to the post-oxygenator de-airing port. The CRRT outflow line is connected to the pre-pump side of the ECMO circuit. Pigtails allow for these connections and act as resistors negating the large range of pressures generated by the ECMO centrifugal pump.

Results

We implemented this configuration in 11 patients with 100% success rate allowing for alarms to be maintained in all patients. The median number of interruptions per 100 CRRT days was 11.7. The median CRRT filter lifespan was 2.2 days, and the average blood flow was maintained at 311 mL/min.

Conclusions

This configuration allows for efficient use of CRRT in ECMO patients while maintaining the safety alarms on the CRRT machine.
Free vibration and buckling behavior of porous P-type FGM and S-type FGM circular plates on elastic foundation under non-uniform thermal field
Authors: Wang Weibin , Xue Gang , Lei Feipeng , Teng Zhaochun
Published: June 2024

In this paper, in order to satisfied the design and manufacturing requirements of functional materials, an investigation is carried out to study the free vibration and thermal buckling characteristics of porous P- and S-type functionally graded materials (FGM) circular plates in non-uniform thermal fields in the context of first-order shear deformation theory. FGM is formed by gradient changes in metals and ceramics, the thermomechanical properties were characterized by a gradient along the thickness direction of the circular plate by a power-law function containing porosity correction. The differential equations of motion control are derived using the Hamiltonian variational principle, and the dimensionless equations of motion and boundary conditions are solved analytically by the DTM transformation procedure. The problem has been degraded and compared with the results of the existing literature to confirm its validity. In conclusion, the influence of each parameter on the dimensionless natural frequency of the porous FGM circular plate and the influence of relevant parameters on the critical temperature rise are calculated and evaluated. The porosity weakens the overall stiffness and equivalent mass of the structure, and the foundation enhances the stiffness. The DTM calculation iteration speed is fast, and the results are highly consistent. The results can be used to provide model guidance and data support for future studies of porous FGM circular plates as well as follow-up studies.
Computationally Efficient Approach for Evaluating Eco-Approach and Departure for Heavy-Duty Trucks
Authors: Wei Zhensong , Hao Peng , Kailas Aravind , Amar Pascal , Palmeter Kyle , Levin Lennard , Orens Stephen , Barth Matthew , Boriboonsomsin Kanok
Published: June 2024

Connected vehicle-based eco-driving applications have emerged as effective tools for improving energy efficiency and environmental sustainability in the transportation system. Previous research mainly focused on vehicle-level or link-level technology development and assessment using real-world field tests or traffic microsimulation models. There is still high uncertainty in understanding and predicting the impact of these connected eco-driving applications when they are implemented on a large scale. In this paper, a computationally efficient and practically feasible methodology is proposed to estimate the potential energy savings from one eco-driving application for heavy-duty trucks named Eco-Approach and Departure (EAD). The proposed methodology enables corridor-level or road network–level energy saving estimates using only road length, speed limit, and travel time at each intersection as inputs. This technique was validated using EAD performance data from traffic microsimulation models of four trucking corridors in Carson, California; the estimates of energy savings using the proposed methodology were around 1% average error. The validated models were subsequently applied to estimate potential energy savings from EAD along truck routes in Carson. The results show that the potential energy savings vary by corridor, ranging from 1% to 25% with an average of 14%.
Hybrid recycling methods for fiber reinforced polymer composites: A review
Authors: Sachin Eledathu K , Muthu Nelson , Tiwari Pankaj
Published: June 2024

Fibrous polymer composites are integral materials utilized in various sectors due to their unparalleled material properties. However, their widespread application has led to significant volumes of end-of-life material, necessitating sustainable disposal strategies. Conventional disposal methods, landfilling, and incineration exhibit shortcomings in both fiber recovery efficiency and environmental impact. Conversely, recycling presents a viable avenue for fiber recovery, facilitating its reuse in composite fabrication alongside allied industries like construction. This article provides a comprehensive examination of mechanical, thermal, and chemical recycling methods tailored for fibrous composites made of thermoset resins. In addition to traditional approaches, hybrid techniques emerge as compelling recycling prospects, amalgamating various traditional methods to enhance overall process efficiency while mitigating the limitations. This article stands out for its in-depth exploration of the intricate methodologies underpinning hybrid recycling methods. The article also delineates the range of products produced from recycling, encompassing fibers, liquids, and gaseous byproducts. In addition, a dedicated section outlines the potential applications of recovered fibers within the composite industry and their integration into cutting-edge additive manufacturing processes. Through a holistic examination of recycling strategies and their downstream implications, this article underscores the imperative for sustainable practices in the utilization and management of fibrous polymer composites.
Concurrent Associations Between Callous-Unemotional Traits, Moral Disengagement, and Bullying Perpetration in Adolescence
Authors: Thornberg Robert , Wänström Linda , Sjögren Björn , Pozzoli Tiziana , Gini Gianluca
Published: June 2024

The aim of the current study was twofold. The first aim was to examine whether callous-unemotional (CU) traits are directly related to moral disengagement and bullying perpetration as well as whether CU traits are indirectly related to bullying perpetration mediated by moral disengagement among adolescents. The second aim was to examine whether the three distinct dimensions of CU—callousness, uncaringness, and unemotionality—are directly related to moral disengagement and bullying perpetration, as well as whether they are indirectly related to bullying perpetration mediated by moral disengagement among adolescents. Self-report survey data from 706 adolescents ( Mage = 14.5) from 20 schools in Sweden were gathered and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings suggest that CU traits were positively and directly linked to bullying perpetration, but also indirectly mediated by moral disengagement. Similarly, callousness and uncaringness showed direct and indirect associations with bullying perpetration, whereas unemotionality was found to be only indirectly associated with bullying perpetration. Unemotionality had the weakest connection to moral disengagement and was not directly related to bullying perpetration, whereas callousness, in particular, but also uncaringness, had stronger connections to moral disengagement and bullying perpetration. In sum, the findings underscore the importance of explicitly integrating moral considerations into endeavors aimed at preventing school bullying among adolescents.
Objective sound quality evaluation of the electric two-stage centrifugal compressor for fuel cell vehicles-experimental investigations
Authors: Li Huan , Zuo Shuguang , Chen Siyue
Published: June 2024

Sound quality is one of the most challenging studies in the field of automotive NVH. The most important noise source in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) is the air compressor, and its noise seriously affects the sound quality of FCVs. The centrifugal compressor is now the mainstream choice for commercial FCVs, but there are few studies on its sound quality evaluation using objective psychoacoustic parameters. Therefore, a comprehensive vibration-noise experiment is conducted on an electric two-stage centrifugal compressor (ETCC) for FCVs to evaluate the sound quality accurately, including all operating conditions. The sound quality is evaluated by four objective psychoacoustic parameters: loudness, sharpness, fluctuation strength and roughness, which are the most widely used indicators. The reasons for the variation of these acoustic parameters under dynamic operating conditions are accordingly explained. It can be concluded that the loudness and sharpness show a strong and positive correlation with the rotational speed, while the fluctuation strength and roughness just reflect the sound quality of the ETCC for the low-frequency band and high-frequency band, respectively. So, taking loudness and sharpness as the core indicators under accelerating conditions is recommended. Then, the sound quality of the ETCC under unstable conditions at variable speeds is investigated. It is found that the sound quality of the ETCC deteriorates under surge conditions. When entering into the deep surge, the loudness and sharpness both fluctuate drastically, which is caused by the periodic impulse noise. The fluctuation strength rises sharply and keeps a high level in the process of deep surge because of the obvious low-frequency characteristics of the surge. The above three parameters have a clear correlation with the rotational speed, while roughness is the only parameter that is not significantly connected with the rotational speed, which can be explained by the existence of a high-frequency fluctuation under the entire surge process. Finally, the causes of sound quality deterioration are explored using secondary signal processing. The results show that the outlet pressure pulsations of the ETCC under surge conditions lead to the increases and fluctuations of these acoustic parameters, and compressor surge is the main cause of deterioration in sound quality for FCVs. Based on the results, the objective sound quality evaluation of the ETCC is accomplished, and four psychoacoustic parameters can be modified to improve the sound quality. This study provides a theoretical basis for proposing methods to accurately evaluate and improve the sound quality of FCVs.
Path-following control of an underactuated stratospheric airship with unknown dynamics and external disturbances using time-delay control
Authors: Lin Qiming , Zhou Pingfang , Wang Quanbao , Wu Yang
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the path-following problem for an underactuated stratospheric airship with unknown dynamics and external disturbances has been studied. Vector field guidance is employed to fix the underactuated issue and generate desired heading. Time-delay control (TDC) is utilised to track desired states and estimate the model uncertain and disturbances using simple delayed states. To compensate time-delay estimation (TDE) errors, terminal sliding-mode is utilised and combined with TDC. The stability of the proposed controller is provided by using Lyapunov function. A numerical simulation is demonstrated to prove the performance of the proposed control algorithm.
Is There Any Link Between FDI and Profitability in the Indian Manufacturing Sector?
Authors: Patnaik Shambhavi , Rath Badri Narayan
Published: June 2024

Although a plethora of studies examine the determinants of profitability, this study adds to existing literature by assessing whether foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows make any significant contribution to profitability. To do so, the article uses disaggregated annual data relating to the Indian manufacturing sector 2012−2019. Results obtained from employing panel data models showed that FDI inflows have a positive and significant impact on profitability. Further, our results indicate that FDI affects profitability only in the long run but not in the short run. Capital intensity and size do not affect the profitability of the Indian manufacturing sector. From a policy perspective, it is imperative for manufacturing industries in India to attract more FDI inflow in order to boost profitability in the long run.
Understanding the Quad’s Climate Diplomacy in the Indo-Pacific Region
Authors: Verma Sudheer Singh , S Anjana V
Published: June 2024

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (popularly known as Quad) emphasizes building a free, open, inclusive, secure, stable and resilient Indo-Pacific region. For this, it adopts an action-oriented practical approach to provide holistic security for all types of vulnerabilities, risks and threats. The region is vulnerable to various climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, floods and droughts, heatwaves and typhoons or cyclones. To strengthen climate security, the Quad set up a Working Group on Climate Change and launched practical joint climate action, namely ‘The Quad Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Package’ (Q-CHAMP), which equally focuses on mitigation and adaptation/resilience aspects of climate action in the region. It also stressed making climate diplomatic efforts with other countries and regional organizations like ASEAN to set up mechanisms for joint climate action to address climate change effectively. Against this backdrop, this article aims to discuss joint climate initiatives taken by the Quad under its climate diplomacy to address climate change in the Indo-Pacific region. This study has also addressed a fundamental question: To what extent does climate diplomacy make the Quad an appropriate strategic platform that provides a suitable political environment for cooperation, negotiation and dialogue to address complex security issues in the post-Cold War era? This qualitative study has been completed based on a textual analysis of the data relating to the Quad’s joint climate action. The article argues that as a minilateral cooperative platform, the Quad’s joint climate action in the form of a Climate Working Group and the Q-CHAMP would be able to mitigate greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and build the adaptive capability of communities to adapt to the various climate change impacts, as well as contribute to establishing a secure, stable and resilient region along with a noticeable contribution to meeting the objectives of the Paris Agreement at the global level.
Smartphones in the Hands of Rural Women: Embracing Informal Learning for Digital Literacy
Authors: Gautam Suresh , Rai Indra Mani
Published: June 2024

Based on observations of a rural community and in-depth interviews with five rural women, this paper shows how access to smartphones enables marginalised rural women to engage in digital literacies in their everyday life practices. The research shows that rural women learn digital skills, communication skills, and literacies in an unplanned and informal way within the family setting and their neighbourhood and through commercial activities in the local markets. The paper concludes that policymakers have much to learn from the unplanned and informal ways in which these rural women are developing their digital literacies in their everyday life through having access to smartphones. Therefore, using smartphones with informal learning approaches could provide a foundation for future literacy programmes.
Control of vortex-induced vibrations of a curved cable-stayed bridge by ECD-TMD
Authors: Chen Jinlin , Niu Huawei , Xu Jixiang , Hua Xugang , Chen Zhengqing
Published: June 2024

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of the main girder is a prominent issue affecting coastal long-span bridges. Long term VIV can lead to structural fatigue damage and local component deterioration. In this paper, the VIV performance of a curved cable-stayed bridge with a bluff body section was studied through wind tunnel tests. The bridge features a cross-section with a one-way slope and asymmetric structures along the longitudinal and transverse directions. Wind tunnel tests were conducted on a sectional model with a geometric scale ratio of 1:50, along with a full-bridge aeroelastic model, to examine the VIV behavior of the bridge. In addition, the effects of structural damping ratio, aerodynamic shape of section, and other factors on the VIV performance were analyzed. The test results reveal that the VIV performance of one-way slope asymmetric cross-section bridge varies significantly under different side incoming flows. Therefore, wind tunnel tests should be conducted under two-side incoming flow. The addition of a vertical guide plate, inclined web, and air nozzle to the original design section shows limited effectiveness in inhibiting VIV. However, increasing the structural damping ratio can effectively suppress the VIV response. The installation of eddy-current tuned mass dampers (ECD-TMD) proves to be a significant improvement in enhancing the structural damping ratio. Properly designing the technical parameters of ECD-TMD can successfully curb VIV response. There exists a certain deviation between the dynamic characteristics of the actual structure and the finite element model. Therefore, before formal installation, the ECD-TMD parameters should be adjusted based on the actual parameters. The measured modal damping ratio after the installation of ECD-TMD in this project meets the requirements for VIV control, indicating that the ECD-TMD is in good condition and effectively fulfills its purpose.
Design and experimentation of meandered low frequency broadband piezoelectric energy harvester with resonant tuning
Authors: Sivakumar Arutselvi , Deenadayalan Ezhilarasi
Published: June 2024

In this work, a novel meandered 6DoF stepped beam energy harvester that can operate over a broad frequency range is proposed. The hybrid structure has regular beams and zigzag sections that promote greater deformation and bending. The reduced width section in the middle of the beam maintains a low resonance bending frequency and creates a concentrated stress structure. The placement of the piezoelectric layer in this region results in a high-power density. It is found to be a favorable structure to develop using standard microfabrication techniques compared to other broadband harvesters. Also, it can withstand higher mechanical stress and deformation. The proposed structure exhibits wide band characteristics at low frequency and generates higher power output against an array of cantilevers for a given area. The numerical analysis was carried out to select the optimal proof mass that would result in resonance frequencies closely spaced together and yield high output power. Experimental validation on a prototype subsequently confirms the accuracy of the frequency response predicted by the models. When tested under harmonic base excitation of 0.35 g, the harvester generates an average DC power of 374 [Formula: see text] including signal conditioning losses in the frequency range of 12–27 Hz. The proposed structure offers excellent design flexibility to adjust resonant frequencies by varying the number of beams, the shape of the stepped section, and the proof mass of individual beams. Thus, it has the potential to generate sufficient power output from wideband, low frequency, and low amplitude vibration sources and can be easily optimized for a specific application.
Adaptive feature extraction of underwater target signal based on mathematical morphology feature enhancement
Authors: Li Zhaoxi , Li Yaan , Zhang Kai
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes an adaptive feature extraction method based on mathematical morphology enhancement to extract effective and stable features under strong ocean noise. Firstly, the traditional mathematical morphology method is improved and a new mathematical morphology filtering method is proposed for feature enhancement of underwater target signals. Secondly, the artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) is improved using weighted power spectral kurtosis (WPSK) to achieve parameter adaptivity. Five measured underwater target signals are used to validate the extracted method, and cosine similarity (CS), signal to noise ratio (SNR), and refined composite multiscale fluctuation dispersion entropy (RCMFDE) are used as evaluation metrics to assess the results and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with average filtering (AVGF) and closing opening filtering (COF), the proposed method shows better capability in adaptive feature extraction. Therefore, the proposed mathematical morphological filtering can enhance underwater target features and is very important for adaptive feature extraction of underwater targets.
Political Advocacy: Psychology’s Most Underutilized Resource
Authors: Kelly Jennifer F.
Published: June 2024

In 2020, the American Psychological Association undertook the task of examining the deleterious effects of systemic racism on people of color in the United States. This extensive examination led to the passing of three historic resolutions in October 2021, by the APA Council of Representatives, including the resolution, Role of Psychology, and APA in Dismantling Systemic Racism Against People of Color in the United States. In the resolution, there was a focus on education, science, healthcare, work and economic opportunities, criminal and juvenile justice, early childhood development, and government and public policy. These resolutions set a foundation for the field in moving forward. To effectively address systemic racism, there must be dedication and deliberate action to address the policies, structures, and practices that contribute to inequities. The primary focus of this paper is advocacy; specifically, political advocacy for psychologists to address these policies and structures, in achieving the goals of dismantling systemic racism and creating a more equitable society.
Modeling and Theorizing in Psychology: Autoepistemology and Epistemic EDI (Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion) as Tools for Challenging Racism
Authors: Teo Thomas , Febbraro Angela R.
Published: June 2024

After challenging models of human nature and psychological science, a series of interrogations are proposed that aid in improving the practice of theorizing in psychology, specifically in regard to the topic of race. The program of autoepistemology is defined as the study of how “my” knowledge is connected with histories, cultures and societies as well as with the academic communities in which “I” participate, and with “my” personal cognitive, affective and motivational preferences and experiences. Autoepistemology includes reflections about the relationship between psychological knowledge on race, on the one hand, and intellectual and cultural traditions, horizons, and practices, on the other hand. It is argued that theorizing on race is strengthened when addressing equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) as epistemic categories in all contexts of the research process. Epistemic EDI, which includes an interrogation of power, together with institutional and educational EDI, has the potential to dismantle racism in psychology. An approach to theorizing about human groups that avoids the pitfalls of White epistemologies is proposed.
Early clinical response and complications of therapeutic plasma exchange in central nervous system demyelinating diseases
Authors: Rashidi Mehran , Naghavi Saba , Ramezani Neda , Ashtari Fereshteh , Shaygannejad Vahid , Hosseini Sayed Mohsen , Adibi Iman
Published: June 2024

Background

Appropriate treatment reduces the severity and duration of relapses in demyelinating diseases of Central Nervous System (CNS). If high-dose corticosteroids treatment fails, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is considered as a rescue treatment.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate early clinical response and complications of TPE and prognostic factors in CNS demyelinating relapses.

Design

This prospective observational study was designed in a tertiary center during one year.

Methods

All adult patients diagnosed corticosteroid-resistant Multiple Sclerosis (MS), NeuroMyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), idiotypic Transverse Myelitis or Clinical Isolated Syndrome relapses, were eligible. Clinical response is defined based on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at discharge. Clinical and laboratory complications recorded.

Results

Seventy-two patients were analyzed which 58.3% patients were female. MS was diagnosed for 61.1% of cases. Thirty-five patients (48.6%) responded and the mean differences of EDSS significantly decreased 0.60 score (CI95%:0.44-.77). Electrolyte imbalances and thrombocytopenia occurred in 80.6% and 55.6% of cases respectively and 40.3% of patients had systemic reactions. However, 26.4% patients experienced moderate to severe complications. In patients with moderate to severe disability, responders were younger (MD: 8.42 years, CI95%: 1.67-15.17) and had lower EDSS score at admission (median:6, IQR: 5.5-6 against 7.5 IQR: 6.5-8). The risk of failure was higher in active progressive MS patients compared with RRMS patients (OR: 6.06, CI 95%:1.37-26.76). Patients with thrombocytopenia were hospitalized more than others (MD: 1.5 days, CI 95%: 0-3). Females were more prone to hypokalemia and systemic reactions (OR: 3.11, CI 95%:1.17-8.24 and OR: 6.67, CI 95%:2.14-20.81 respectively).

Conclusion

The most common indication of TPE was corticosteroid-resistant severe MS relapses. About half of the patients presented an early clinical response. Lower disability, younger age and RRMS diagnosis are prognostic factors of better response. One out of four patients experienced moderate to severe complications, mainly electrolyte imbalances and systemic reactions. Appropriate interventions against these complications should be considered during TPE, especially in females.
The vague limits of bodily autonomy: Prenatal experiences and the preference of caesarean births by women in Türkiye
Authors: Pehlivanli Ezgi , Gedik Esra
Published: June 2024

In this article, we aim to understand the prenatal experiences of, and attitudes towards, caesarean sections (c-section) among middle-class women in Türkiye, in the context of the State’s declarations about reproductive choices in recent years. These declarations addressed the following two main viewpoints: encouragement of ‘at least three children’ per family; and restrictions on caesarean sections. The authors take these discourses as an indirect intervention on women’s bodily autonomy. Within this context, this article tries to understand women’s accounts of their own prenatal experiences in Türkiye. The findings show that respondents embrace excessive medicalisation of pregnancy for the sake of their babies, and do not perceive State encouragement as being an attempt to intervene on their birth choices. In addition, participants state that they prefer c-sections, and willingly accept this service from the private sector without considering the possibility that they may not actually need the procedure.
The geopolitics of passive revolution and the ghost of Malthus in the American Century
Authors: Lubbock Rowan
Published: June 2024

In this article, I argue that the re-emergence of Malthusian limits in the post-war period was universally accepted as a principal challenge to the integrity of the American Century, yet whose solution was refracted through competing ideological frameworks among development experts. In mobilising Gramsci’s theory of organic intellectuals and passive revolution, I offer an in-depth empirical analysis of the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Rockefeller Foundation, both of which largely converged around the consensus on land reform as a means of attenuating the revolutionary potential of peasant grievance. Yet this solution to Malthusian limits became steadily eroded as a function of the contingent outcomes of class struggle and state-formation across the Global South. Through a focused examination of the Rockefeller Foundation’s Mexican Agricultural Program, I show how the eventual decline of land reform in favour of more muscular modes of productivism in the guise of ‘Green Revolution’ technologies did not follow a straight path from networks of Western scientific knowledge to the fields of the Global South but resulted from the contingent transformations across Mexico’s state/society complex, and the ideological contestation among a network of ‘mobile experts’ comprising the fabric of the American Century.