bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Characteristic Weakening Distance on Earthquake Nucleation Styles in Fully Dynamic Seismic Cycle Simulations
Authors: Zhai Peng , Huang Yihe
Published: December 2024

Earthquake nucleation is a crucial preparation process of the following coseismic rupture propagation. Under the framework of rate‐and‐state friction (RSF), it was found that the ratios of to parameters control whether earthquakes nucleate as an expanding crack or with a fixed length prior to the dynamic instability. However, the characteristic weakening distance controls the weakening efficiency of state variables in RSF and can influence the nucleation styles as well. Here we investigate the effects of on nucleation styles in the context of fully dynamic seismic cycles by evaluating the evolution of the nucleation zone quantitatively when it accelerates from the tectonic loading rate to seismic slip velocity. A larger (>0.75) is needed to produce expanding crack nucleation styles for relatively small , which suggests that fixed length nucleation styles may dominate on natural and laboratory faults. Furthermore, we find a more complex nucleation style when the nucleation site is not in the center of the asperity and identify a twin‐like nucleation style which includes two initial acceleration phases. We conclude that the earthquake nucleation style is strongly controlled by the value of . The possible dominance of fixed length nucleation styles suggests that the minimum size of earthquake rupture may be estimated at the early stage of the nucleation phase.
Influence of Ocean Model Horizontal Resolution on the Representation of Global Annual‐To‐Multidecadal Coastal Sea Level Variability
Authors: Little Christopher M. , Yeager Stephen G. , Ponte Rui M. , Chang Ping , Kim Who M.
Published: December 2024

Emerging high‐resolution global ocean climate models are expected to improve both hindcasts and forecasts of coastal sea level variability by better resolving ocean turbulence and other small‐scale phenomena. To examine this hypothesis, we compare annual to multidecadal coastal sea level variability over the 1993–2018 period, as observed by tide gauges and as simulated by two identically forced ocean models, at (LR) and (HR) horizontal resolution. Differences between HR and LR, and misfits with tide gauges, are spatially coherent at regional alongcoast scales. Resolution‐related improvements are largest in, and near, marginal seas. Near attached western boundary currents, sea level variance is several times greater in HR than LR, but correlations with observations may be reduced, due to intrinsic ocean variability. Globally, in HR simulations, intrinsic variability comprises from zero to over 80% of coastal sea level variance. Outside of eddy‐rich regions, simulated coastal sea level variability is generally damped relative to observations. We hypothesize that weak coastal variability is related to large‐scale, remotely forced, variability; in both HR and LR, tropical sea level variance is underestimated by 50% relative to satellite altimetric observations. Similar coastal dynamical regimes (e.g., attached western boundary currents) exhibit a consistent sensitivity to horizontal resolution, suggesting that these findings are generalizable to regions with limited coastal observations.
Coupled High‐Resolution Land‐Atmosphere Modeling for Hydroclimate and Terrestrial Hydrology in Alaska and the Yukon River Basin (1990–2021)
Authors: Cheng Yifan , Craig Anthony , Musselman Keith , Bennett Andrew , Seefeldt Mark , Hamman Joseph , Newman Andrew J.
Published: December 2024

Hydroclimate and terrestrial hydrology greatly influence the local community, ecosystem, and economy in Alaska and Yukon River Basin. A high‐resolution simulation of the historical climate in Alaska can provide an important benchmark for climate change studies. In this study, we utilized the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) and conducted coupled land‐atmosphere modeling for Alaska and Yukon River Basin at 4‐km grid spacing. In RASM, the land model was replaced with the Community Terrestrial Systems Model (CTSM) given its comprehensive process representations for cold regions. The microphysics schemes in the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) atmospheric model were manually tuned for optimal model performance. This study aims to maintain good model performance for both hydroclimate and terrestrial hydrology, especially streamflow, which was rarely a priority in coupled models. Therefore, we implemented a strategy of iterative testing and optimization of CTSM. A multi‐decadal climate data set (1990–2021) was generated using RASM with optimized land parameters and manually tuned WRF microphysics. When evaluated against multiple observational data sets, this data set well captures the climate statistics and spatial distributions for five key weather variables and hydrologic fluxes, including precipitation, air temperature, snow fraction, evaporation‐to‐precipitation ratios, and streamflow. The simulated precipitation shows wet bias during the spring season and simulated air temperatures exhibit dampened seasonality with warm biases in winter and cold biases in summer. We used transfer entropy to investigate the discrepancy in connectivity of hydrologic and energy fluxes between the offline CTSM and coupled models, which contributed to their discrepancy in streamflow simulations.
The Role of WISHE in the Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Hinnamnor (2022)
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhao Dajun , Xu Hongxiong , Wang Qian , Liang Jia , Yen Tzu‐Hsiung
Published: December 2024

In this study, the role of the wind‐induced surface heat exchange (WISHE) in rapid intensification (RI) is investigated in a numerical model. During the development of Hinnamnor, its energy growth rate (EGR) continuously increases as RI progresses. After Hinnamnor reaches its maximum intensity, although its EGR weakens a little, it remains relatively large. If it had not been for the influence of the external environment (such as the tropical depression), its maximum intensity would have been far greater than the actual maximum intensity (140 knots). As the WISHE effect progressively weakens, the number of convective bursts (CBs) gradually diminishes. This, in turn, gives rise to a corresponding weakening of the warm core and a subsequent delay in the start time of the axisymmetrization of the inner core, thereby affecting the intensification rate of the vortex and the final maximum intensity. Consequently, the start time of RI is also correspondingly postponed. Differing from the maximum potential intensity theory, when the EGR approaches zero, a TC does not immediately reach its maximum intensity. Instead, it attains its peak intensity approximately 12 hr later. During this additional 12 hr period, the number of CBs continues to increase, the warm core keeps on strengthening and the inner core continues its progress toward axisymmetric until the end of the RI process. This indicates that the dynamical and thermodynamical processes are also of great importance during the RI stage.
Tough polymer gels reinforced by strain-induced crystallization
Authors: Mayumi Koichi
Published: December 2024

Recently, we reported that strain-induced crystallization (SIC) of the polymer chains occurs in homogeneous polymer gels, such as slide-ring gels and Tri-/Tetra-PEG gels, with sufficiently high polymer concentrations. SIC significantly improves the mechanical toughness of homogeneous gels. Polymer crystals form and dissolve immediately after the polymer gels are stretched and unstretched. The quick formation and dissolution of the strain-induced crystals leads to elastic mechanical responses with minimal hysteresis under cyclic stretching. Tough and elastic polymer gels have potential applications in biomedical materials (ex. artificial ligaments and tendons) and soft electric devices (ex. soft actuators and flexible batteries) under repeated deformation.
Whole genome sequencing of three native chicken varieties (Common Deshi, Hilly and Naked Neck) of Bangladesh
Authors: Rabbani Md Ataul Goni , Vallejo-Trujillo Adriana , Wu Zhou , Miedzinska Katarzyna , Faruque Shakila , Watson Kellie A. , Smith Jacqueline
Published: December 2024

Bangladeshi indigenous chicken varieties - Common Deshi, Hilly and Naked Neck are notable for their egg production, meat quality, extraordinary survivability and disease resistance. However, the potential to harness their unique genetic merits are being eroded by various factors, including crossbreeding. In-depth genomic studies have not been carried out on these breeds so far. To this end, blood samples and associated phenotypic metadata have been collected from local, unimproved birds sampled from 8 different locations across the country, and from Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI)-improved chickens of the same mentioned breeds. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) of 96 selected samples, representing local and improved populations of each breed, has been carried out. Around 22 M high-quality SNPs have been identified, with 25% of these being novel variants previously undescribed in public databases. This data set will allow for genetic comparison between breeds, and between selected and unimproved birds, providing a resource for genomic selection in Bangladeshi breeding schemes to create more productive and resilient poultry stock.
Drawing meaning from student-generated drawings: exploring chemistry teachers’ noticing
Authors: Stammes Hanna , de Putter-Smits Lesley
Published: December 2024

This study explored experienced chemistry teachers’ noticing when using student-generated drawings as evidence. While drawings of chemical entities and processes may offer valuable information on student thinking, little is known about how teachers draw meaning from student drawings. To explore this area, we investigated three experienced chemistry teachers’ noticing. Teacher noticing refers to the processes through which teachers pay attention to certain observable information, and interpret what they attend to. In this study, we examined what types of drawing features stood out to teachers, and what analytic approaches (or stances) they used. We collected data on teachers’ in-the-moment noticing (within their active classrooms), and on their delayed noticing (when teachers reviewed drawings after class). The findings demonstrate teachers’ ability to attend to chemistry-specific details in students’ drawings in both noticing settings. Teachers recognised several visual forms in student drawings, depictions of quantities, chemical entities at different length scales, and various chemical properties and behaviours. Findings furthermore showcase how two common analytic approaches (i.e. evaluation and sense making) can manifest in a drawing context. The study's results, tied to real classroom settings, yield ways of looking at student drawings that may help (beginning) chemistry teachers to leverage drawing activities as a window into student thinking. The study's analytic framework and detailed characterisations could furthermore be used by teacher educators and researchers who are seeking to support or examine teacher noticing as a key aspect of (chemistry) teacher expertise.
PVA–nano cellulose active packaging films with clay nano particles and fennel seed essential oil for enhanced thermal, barrier, antimicrobial, antioxidant and biodegradation properties to improve the shelf life of tofu
Authors: Shruthy Ramesh , Preetha Radhakrishnan
Published: December 2024

In this study, Box Badam Pod Nano Cellulose Particles (BBNCPs) were prepared using a combination of physiochemical treatments.
Accelerating multicomponent phase-coexistence calculations with physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Dhamankar Satyen , Jiang Shengli , Webb Michael A.
Published: December 2024

We develop a physics-informed machine learning workflow that accelerates multicomponent phase-coexistence calculations on the number, composition, and abundance of phases. The workflow is demonstrated for systems described by Flory–Huggins theory.
Cluster-like Mo2N anchored on reduced graphene oxide as an efficient and high-performance catalyst for deep-degree oxidative desulfurization
Authors: Song Weizhuang , Wang Dongxu , Yue Xianyun , Jin Chengxu , Wu Yangchen , Shi Yu , Liu Jiancong , Wu Aiping , Tian Chungui , Fu Honggang
Published: December 2024

The cluster-like Mo2N catalyst, uniformly dispersed on the graphene surface, was successfully prepared. The resulting Mo2N/rGO-A catalyst exhibited plentiful accessible surface active sites, exhibiting efficient and high-performance for ODS.
A novel multi-scenario battery health assessment method combining semi-supervised learning and data augmentation techniques
Authors: Qiu Xianghui , Ren Jisheng , Wang Shuangfeng
Published: December 2024

Data-driven methods are widely claimed to be the most promising candidates for online battery health assessment estimation.
Study of the impact of gas flow and thermal motion of gas molecules on charge transfer at the gas–solid interface
Authors: Wu Mengxuan , Sun Yi , Wang Zixi
Published: December 2024

Charge transfer at the gas–solid interface primarily relied on the thermal motion of the gas molecules to supply the energy. The main effect of the gas flow was to alter the frequency of gas-molecule collisions with the solid surface.
RNA-binding protein HuR regulates the transition of septic AKI to CKD by modulating CD147
Authors: Liu Simeng , Luo Renfei , Li Davey , Tang Anna , Qiu Yuli , Sherrier Ryan P. , Aube Jeffrey , Wu Xiaoqing , Xu Liang , Huang Yufeng
Published: December 2024

Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hu antigen R (HuR) is recognized as a crucial modulator in inflammation. We hypothesized that elevated HuR contributes to the transition from septic AKI to CKD by promoting persistent inflammation and fibrosis, and inhibition of HuR may reverse septic kidney injury. Mice subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections every other day were concurrently treated without or with either KH39 or niclosamide (NCS) for 7 days. Control mice received saline injections. Repeated LPS injections led to a significant increase in HuR expression in the kidneys, which was effectively suppressed by KH39 or NCS treatment. LPS-induced kidney injury was characterized by elevated plasma blood urea nitrogen levels and urinary albuminuria, along with histological signs of inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis, as determined by periodic acid–Schiff and Masson’s trichrome staining, and immunofluorescent staining for markers such as α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, collagen III, and F4/80. Treatment with either KH39 or NCS mitigated these changes observed in LPS-injured kidneys. Additionally, increased expression of CD147, a molecule implicated in inflammatory cell recruitment and tubular injury, was inhibited by KH39 or NCS treatment. These effects on HuR and CD147 expression were further validated in vitro in cultured macrophages and tubular cells. This study suggests that HuR elevation in LPS-stimulated macrophages and kidney cells contributes to the progression of septic kidney injury, possibly through HuR-CD147 interactions, underscoring the therapeutic potential of HuR inhibitors for this condition.
Category‐instance distillation based on visual‐language models for rehearsal‐free class incremental learning
Authors: Jin Weilong , Wang Zilei , Zhang Yixin
Published: December 2024

Recently, visual‐language models (VLMs) have displayed potent capabilities in the field of computer vision. Their emerging trend as the backbone of visual tasks necessitates studying class incremental learning (CIL) issues within the VLM architecture. However, the pre‐training data for many VLMs is proprietary, and during the incremental phase, old task data may also raise privacy issues. Moreover, replay‐based methods can introduce new problems like class imbalance, the selection of data for replay and a trade‐off between replay cost and performance. Therefore, the authors choose the more challenging rehearsal‐free settings. In this paper, the authors study class‐incremental tasks based on the large pre‐trained vision‐language models like CLIP model. Initially, at the category level, the authors combine traditional optimisation and distillation techniques, utilising both pre‐trained models and models trained in previous incremental stages to jointly guide the training of the new model. This paradigm effectively balances the stability and plasticity of the new model, mitigating the issue of catastrophic forgetting. Moreover, utilising the VLM infrastructure, the authors redefine the relationship between instances. This allows us to glean fine‐grained instance relational information from the a priori knowledge provided during pre‐training. The authors supplement this approach with an entropy‐balancing method that allows the model to adaptively distribute optimisation weights across training samples. The authors’ experimental results validate that their method, within the framework of VLMs, outperforms traditional CIL methods.
Demands and challenges of energy storage technology for future power system
Authors: Guo Jianbo , Jing Yiran , Hou Weilin , Wang Tiezhu , Ma Shicong , He Guoqing
Published: December 2024

This paper addresses the pressing necessity to align the regulatory capacity of renewable energy sources with their inherent fluctuations across various time scales. Emphasising the pivotal role of large‐scale energy storage technologies, the study provides a comprehensive overview, comparison, and evaluation of emerging energy storage solutions, such as lithium‐ion cells, flow redox cell, and compressed‐air energy storage. It outlines three fundamental principles for energy storage system development: prioritising safety, optimising costs, and realising value. Through analysis of two case studies—a pure photovoltaic (PV) power island interconnected via a high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) system, and a 100% renewable energy autonomous power supply—the paper elucidates the critical role of energy storage in facilitating high levels of renewable energy integration. Furthermore, it delves into the challenges inherent in the development of energy storage systems.
Adhesion characteristics of carbon particles on the surface of epoxy resin in insulating oil under DC electric field and influencing factors
Authors: Dong Zijian , Zhang Zhanlong , Zhong Jiarong , Xue Zhixuan , Yang Yu , Pan Zhicheng , Fang Jin
Published: December 2024

The adhesion of carbon particles on the surface of epoxy resin in insulating oil is a significant factor contributing to surface flashover. However, there is currently a lack of a dynamic model that can reasonably explain the adhesion process of impurity particles, and the characteristics of particle adhesion are not yet clear, making it difficult to assess the risks of insulation contamination and surface flashover of valve‐side bushing capacitance core. In this study, based on the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) theory and the normal distribution characteristics of particle charges, the adhesion probability model of conductive particles in insulating oil on the surface of epoxy resin under DC electric fields was established, and carbon particle adhesion experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy of the model. The impact of electric field intensity, particle size, particle charge, and surface energy of the insulation material on the adhesion characteristics of carbon particles was investigated using the proposed model. The results can be utilised for the assessment of insulation contamination risks of valve‐side bushing capacitance core and serves as a vital theoretical foundation for guiding the optimisation of anti‐contamination structures in internal insulation and the development of advanced pollution‐resistant and flashover‐resistant insulation materials.
YOLO‐Tiny: A lightweight small object detection algorithm for UAV aerial imagery
Authors: Feng Fei , Yang Lu , Zhou Quanxing , Li Weipeng
Published: December 2024

In unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial target detection tasks, two main challenges exist: the limited computational resources of UAV terminals, which are not conducive to running complex models, and the prevalence of small targets, which can easily lead to missed detections and false positives. To address these issues, this study proposes a lightweight and high‐accuracy small‐object detection algorithm for UAV aerial imagery that is based on YOLOv5s. First, the network structure is optimized by removing the layers in YOLOv5s primarily used for detecting large targets (P4 and P5) and adding layers primarily used for detecting small targets (P2 and P3). This enables the model to focus more on extracting small‐object features. A lightweight dynamic convolution is subsequently introduced in the C3 module, and the lightweight LW_C3 and LW_downsampling modules are designed for feature extraction and downsampling operations. This enhances the model's feature extraction capability while achieving a lightweight design. Finally, the adaptive multi‐scale spatial feature fusion (AMSFF) module is designed to adaptively learn the spatial weights of the feature maps at different levels, thereby further strengthening the effective fusion of multi‐scale features. Experimental results show that the improved YOLO‐Tiny model has higher accuracy and lower complexity, hence validating its excellent performance.
Clutter rank estimation for the multistage Wiener filter
Authors: Gray Rachel , Aboutanios Elias , Rosenberg Luke , Zuk Josef
Published: December 2024

In airborne radar, reduced rank detection techniques are used when there are insufficient samples available for fully adaptive processing. This is the case in maritime radar, where the data can be both non‐stationary and non‐homogeneous. There are several approaches that have been proposed to address this problem. These include the single data set algorithms that eliminate the need for training data and reduced rank detectors such as principal components, cross‐spectral metric and the multistage Wiener filter (MWF). This latter approach is superior to other rank reduction techniques in terms of computational efficiency and sample support requirements. In this paper, the authors propose an algorithm that determines the rank of the sea clutter and relates it to the number of stages in the MWF. The algorithm presented is formulated as a model order estimation problem that utilises the minimum description length (MDL). The authors present a computationally efficient implementation of the MDL and demonstrate its effectiveness using simulated data.
From CO2- to H2O-dominated atmospheres and back
Authors: Carone L. , Barnes R. , Noack L. , Chubb K. , Barth P. , Bitsch B. , Thamm A. , Balduin A. , Garcia R. , Helling Ch.
Published: December 2024

Aims. We investigate the impact of CO2 on the distribution of water on TRAPPIST-1 e, f, and g during the magma ocean stage. These potentially habitable rocky planets are currently the most accessible for astronomical observations. A constraint on the volatile budget during the magma ocean stage is a key link to planet formation and also to judging their habitability.

Methods. We expanded the MagmOc module of the VPLanet environment to perform simulations with 1-100 terrestrial oceans (TOs) of H2O with and without CO2 and for albedos 0 and 0.75. The CO2 mass was scaled with initial H2O by a constant factor between 0.1 and 1.

Results. The magma ocean state of rocky planets begins with a CO2-dominated atmosphere but can evolve into a H2O dominated state, depending on initial conditions. For less than 10 TO initial H2O, the atmosphere tends to desiccate and the evolution can end with a CO2 dominated atmosphere. Otherwise, the final state is a thick (>1000 bar) H2O-CO2 atmosphere. Complete atmosphere desiccation with less than 10 TO initial H2O can be significantly delayed for TRAPPIST-1 e and f, when H2O has to diffuse through a CO2 atmosphere to reach the upper atmosphere, where photolysis due to extreme ultra violet irradiation occurs. As a consequence of CO2 diffusion-limited water loss, the time of mantle solidification for TRAPPIST-1 e, f, and g can be significantly extended compared to a pure H2O evolution by up to 40 Myrs for an albedo of 0.75 and by up to 200 Mys for an albedo of 0. The addition of CO2 further results in a higher water content in the melt during the magma ocean stage. Thus, more water can be sequestered in the solid mantle. However, only up to 6% of the initial water mass can be stored in the mantle at the end of the magma ocean stage. Our compositional model adjusted for the measured metallicity of TRAPPIST-1 yields for the dry inner planets (b, c, d) an iron fraction of 27 wt%. For TRAPPIST-1 e, this iron fraction would be compatible with a (partially) desiccated evolution scenario and a CO2 atmosphere with surface pressures of a few 100 bar.

Conclusions. A comparative study between TRAPPIST-1 e and the inner planets may yield the most insights about formation and evolution scenarios by confronting, respectively, a scenario with a desiccated evolution due to volatile-poor formation and a volatile-rich scenario with extended atmospheric erosion.
ZTF SN Ia DR2: The diversity and relative rates of the thermonuclear supernova population
Authors: Dimitriadis G. , Burgaz U. , Deckers M. , Maguire K. , Johansson J. , Smith M. , Rigault M. , Frohmaier C. , Sollerman J. , Galbany L. , Kim Y.-L. , Liu C. , Miller A. A. , Nugent P. E. , Alburai A. , Chen P. , Dhawan S. , Ginolin M. , Goobar A. , Groom S. L. , Harvey L. , Kenworthy W. D. , Kulkarni S. R. , Phan K. , Popovic B. , Riddle R. L. , Rusholme B. , Müller-Bravo T. E. , Nordin J. , Terwel J. H. , Townsend A.
Published: December 2024

The Zwicky Transient Facility SN Ia Data Release 2 (ZTF SN Ia DR2) contains more than 3000 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), providing the largest homogeneous low-redshift sample of SNe Ia. Having at least one spectrum per event, this data collection is ideal for large-scale statistical studies of the photometric, spectroscopic and host-galaxy properties of SNe Ia, particularly of the rarer ‘peculiar’ sub-classes. In this paper we first present the method we developed to spectroscopically classify the SNe in the sample, and the techniques we used to model their multi-band light curves and explore their photometric properties. We then show a method to distinguish between the peculiar sub-types and the normal SNe Ia. We also explore the properties of their host galaxies and estimate their relative rates, focusing on the peculiar sub-types and their connection to the cosmologically useful SNe Ia. Finally, we discuss the implications of our study with respect to the progenitor systems of the peculiar SN Ia events.
Probing cluster magnetism with embedded and background radio sources in Planck clusters
Authors: Osinga E. , van Weeren R. J. , Rudnick L. , Andrade-Santos F. , Bonafede A. , Clarke T. , Duncan K. , Giacintucci S. , Röttgering H. J. A.
Published: December 2024

Magnetic fields remain an elusive part of the content of galaxy clusters. Faraday rotation and depolarisation of extragalactic radio sources are useful probes, but the limited availability of polarised radio sources necessitates the stacking of clusters to study average magnetic field properties. We recently presented a Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array survey of the 124 most massive Planck clusters at low redshift (z < 0.35), finding a clear depolarisation trend with the cluster impact parameter, with sources at smaller projected distances to the cluster centre showing more depolarisation. In this study, we combine the depolarisation information with the observed rotation measure (RM) and present an investigation of the average magnetic field properties of the sample, using both background sources and sources embedded in clusters. We observe a significant increase in the RM scatter, σRRM, closer to the cluster centres. Averaging all 124 clusters, we find a scatter within R500 of σRRM = 209 ± 37 rad m−2, with background sources and cluster members showing similar values (200 ± 33 and 219 ± 66 rad m−2, respectively). In the simple assumption of a uniform amplitude magnetic field with a single fluctuation scale Λc, this translates to an average magnetic field strength of 2 (Λc/10 kpc)−0.5 μG. The profile of σRRM as a function of the projected radius is inconsistent with a model that has a simple scaling B ∝ neη, with an observed deficit near the centre of clusters possibly caused by the fact that the highest RM sources near the centre of clusters are depolarised. Combining depolarisation and RM in a full forward model, we find that the magnetic field power spectrum roughly agrees with the Kolmogorov value, but that none of the Gaussian random field models can fully explain the observed relatively flat profiles. This implies that more sophisticated models of cluster magnetic fields in a cosmological context are needed.
Resonant interactions between suprathermal protons and ion-scale waves near an interplanetary shock
Authors: Li Xing-Yu , Yang Liu , Heidrich-Meisner Verena , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F. , Zong Qiu-Gang , Wang Linghua , Berger Lars , Jentsch Erik , Keilbach Duncan , Hecht Maximilian , Rodríguez-Pacheco Javier
Published: December 2024

Context. The interaction between waves and particles is crucial for particle acceleration near interplanetary shocks. Previously, research on these processes was constrained by limited data and the coarse time resolution of interplanetary missions. However, recent high-resolution observations from the Solar Orbiter mission are providing new insights into this area.

Aims. We analyzed data measured by the Energetic Particle Detector, the Magnetometer, and the Solar Wind Analyzer on board Solar Orbiter, to investigate wave-proton interactions upstream an interplanetary shock observed on April 8, 2022.

Methods. We performed a mean-field-transformed wavelet analysis on the magnetic field data to derive the wave properties. We reconstructed pitch angle distributions and gyrophase distributions in the solar wind frame of reference to analyze the proton behavior.

Results. We find that the observed waves are quasi-parallel propagating, ion-scale transverse waves that exhibit alternating left-handed and right-handed polarization. Fluxes of suprathermal protons oscillate quasi-periodically with these waves and show signs of wave modulation. In addition, signatures hinting at resonance, such as phase shifts across energy, are revealed in proton fluxes. The proton phase space density near the calculated resonant energy increases during the interaction, which indicates the acceleration or scattering of protons.

Conclusions. We present direct observations of particles resonating with waves close to an interplanetary shock, which captures these dynamics within single wave periods. Our results highlight the role of wave-particle interactions in dynamic processes occurring in the inner heliosphere.
Dense gas scaling relations at kiloparsec scales across nearby galaxies with the ALMA ALMOND and IRAM 30 m EMPIRE surveys
Authors: Neumann Lukas , Jiménez-Donaire María J. , Leroy Adam K. , Bigiel Frank , Usero Antonio , Sun Jiayi , Schinnerer Eva , Querejeta Miguel , Stuber Sophia K. , Bešlić Ivana , Barnes Ashley , den Brok Jakob , Cao Yixian , Eibensteiner Cosima , He Hao , Klessen Ralf S. , Liang Fu-Heng , Liu Daizhong , Pan Hsi-An , Williams Thomas G.
Published: December 2024

Dense, cold gas is the key ingredient for star formation. Over the last two decades, HCN(1 − 0) emission has been the most accessible dense gas tracer for studying external galaxies. We present new measurements that demonstrate the relationship between dense gas tracers, bulk molecular gas tracers, and star formation in the ALMA ALMOND survey, the largest sample of resolved (1–2 kpc resolution) HCN maps of galaxies in the local Universe (d < 25 Mpc). We measured HCN/CO, a line ratio sensitive to the physical density distribution, and the star formation rate to HCN ratio (SFR/HCN), a proxy for the dense gas star formation efficiency, as a function of molecular gas surface density, stellar mass surface density, and dynamical equilibrium pressure across 31 galaxies (a factor of > 3 more compared to the previously largest such study, EMPIRE). HCN/CO increases (slope of ≈0.5 and scatter of ≈0.2 dex) and SFR/HCN decreases (slope of ≈ − 0.6 and scatter of ≈0.4 dex) with increasing molecular gas surface density, stellar mass surface density, and pressure. Galaxy centres with high stellar mass surface densities show a factor of a few higher HCN/CO and lower SFR/HCN compared to the disc average, but the two environments follow the same average trend. Our results emphasise that molecular gas properties vary systematically with the galactic environment and demonstrate that the scatter in the Gao–Solomon relation (SFR/HCN) has a physical origin.
Theory of continuously phased planar sources for sound reinforcement
Authors: Gölles Lukas , Zotter Franz
Published: December 2024

Modern large-scale sound reinforcement systems use line-source loudspeaker arrays with the goal to establish a desired direct sound level decay profile along a line into the audience by adjusting the splay angles or delays between the individual enclosures. To design such a profile not only in the depth but also in the width of the audience area, a two-dimensional source would offer sufficiently many degrees of freedom for adaptation. In practical applications, this task is often accomplished with discrete planar loudspeaker arrays. In this work, we suggest employing the stationary-phase approximation to get a continuous symmetric delay length profile, which is then discretized. The aim of the design is to achieve direct sound levels rolling off by −6 ⋅ β dB per distance doubling on the listening area. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated by simulations and measurements of coverage with a small planar array confirming the validity of the proposed theory in practice.
Analysis of losses in the storage of pure oil products stored in agrocluster oil warehouses and devices for their disposal
Authors: Mirzaev Ilhomjon , Zulunov Zukhridin , Abdimominov Ikromjon , Yasharov Madiyorbek
Published: December 2024

In the article, a comprehensive analysis of the losses that occur during the storage of clear oil products is conducted, highlighting the significant economic implications associated with these losses. Various factors contributing to the deterioration of product quality and quantity are examined, including evaporation, oxidation, and leakage. The article offers detailed insights into innovative devices designed to mitigate these losses, presenting a thorough analysis of their effectiveness. Each device is evaluated, revealing its advantages, such as enhanced efficiency and improved safety features, while also considering potential drawbacks, including cost and maintenance requirements. Furthermore, the article introduces a new generation device specifically engineered to address the challenges associated with storing clear oil products. It delves into the structure and operational principles of this device, showcasing its potential to revolutionize storage practices within the industry and reduce overall losses, thereby optimizing resource utilization and enhancing profitability for stakeholders involved in oil product management.
Hydrochemical state of the Chikoy River and its tributaries in the territory of the Chikoy National Park
Authors: Butenko Mariya , Tsybekmitova Gazhit
Published: December 2024

The paper presents data on the physical and chemical state of the waters of the Chikoy River and some of its tributaries during the spring and summer in 2017. The results of studies of the physical and chemical characteristics of waters are analyzed: temperature, turbidity, hydrogen index, mineralization, biogenic substances (nitrogen and phosphorus), macrocomponent composition and organic matter. It was revealed that the water temperature in watercourses varied from 1.2 to 16.4 °C, the turbidity of river water varies from 35 to 55 g/m3, the oxygen content corresponds to 8.2-9.24 mg/L, the hydrogen index ranges from 6.26 to 7.34. It was noted that in the spring in the studied watercourses, Еh varied from 144 to 203 mV, and in the summer – from 287.8 to 387.2 mV, which indicates the possible presence of a number of elements in the water in the higher form of their ionic valency (Fe3+, Mo6+, Sr4+, Cu2+ , Pb2+, etc.). The salinity values (TDS) of water ranged from 23.23 mg/L to 70.31 mg/L. According to the macrocomponent composition the water of the Chikoy River and its tributaries belong to the bicarbonate class of the calcium group. The Si content varies from 2.75 to 4.27 mgSi/L. The predominant form of inorganic nitrogen for the rivers under study is its nitrate form (0.07-0.27 mg/L). Phosphates varied from 0 to 0.009 mg/L, total phosphorus – from to 0.015 mg/L. Organic substances of allochthonous origin. In general, the waters of the Chikoy River and its tributaries are ultra-fresh waters, typical of mountain taiga ecosystems.
Nonlocal approximation of the anisotropic perimeter and application to topology optimization
Authors: Amstutz Samuel , Bogosel Beniamin
Published: December 2024

We present a Γ−convergence approximation of a class of anisotropic perimeter functionals. In contrast to other works on the topic, the construction relies on the solution of possibly nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems. We discuss theoretical and algorithmic aspects. We also show various applications in topology optimization, including multiphase partitioning and overhang penalization in a mechanical framework related to additive manufacturing.
Development and validation of a checklist for cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Assis dos Reis Filho Valdir , Aparecida Antonelli Novello Karina , Leticia Matias Mariana
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Risk prevention protocols related to patient care have been developed to reduce the incidence of adverse events in health care services. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can trigger several complications, including physiological problems, electrical, mechanical and human failures or defective components. In order to promote patient safety and the identification of failures before they can cause damages, it is necessary the use of a checklist for all surgeries.

Objective

To prepare and validate a checklist for cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methodology

A consensus validation methodology is applied in this study, in which the Delphi technique was structured for the instrument's development. Five perfusion experts, with at least five years of experience, had an active participation in this research. First, a questionnaire was structured, based on the comprehensive review of the relevant literature. Then, two rounds of assessments were conducted, allowing collection of experts' opinions.

Results

In a first moment, a 42-item list was prepared and sent to the 5 experts for analysis. Based on participant's responses, certain elements were accepted, excluded, and suggested. After that, a second 37-item list was assessed by the experts, resulting in all 37 items that had an average assessment ≥ 4 and standard deviation ≤ 1.0 of acceptance. Based on these results, a 41-element checklist was developed, and these elements were considered crucial and relevant for the concerned analysis.

Conclusion

The use of specific checklists for cardiopulmonary bypass comes into view as a highly proficient strategy, capable of promoting substantial improvements in the procedure safety and quality. The implementation and approval of this checklist should be considered.
Diagnostic du sexe chez les bovins : comment utiliser l’échographie ?
Authors: Gayard Véronique , Julia Joséphine , Nouvel Xavier , Taveau Jeanne , Picard-Hagen Nicole
Published: December 2024

Le diagnostic précoce du sexe du fœtus bovin par échographie est fondé sur la localisation du tubercule génital, équivalent embryologique du pénis chez le mâle et du clitoris chez la femelle.
Avant 48 jours de gestation, le tubercule génital est situé entre les membres postérieurs chez le mâle et la femelle. L’augmentation de la distance anogénitale chez le mâle traduit la migration du tubercule génital vers l’ombilic qui s’achève en moyenne 56-58 jours post-insémination.
Chez la femelle, le tubercule génital migre vers la queue pour atteindre sa position définitive, en moyenne 53 jours post-insémination.
Le tubercule génital apparaît comme une structure hyperéchogène bilobée. La période idéale pour réaliser un diagnostic du sexe se situe entre les 55è et 70è jours de gestation. A ce stade, le tubercule génital a atteint sa position définitive, sous le cordon ombilical chez le mâle et sous la queue chez la femelle.

De façon pratique, la sonde est déplacée pour obtenir des sections transversales séquentielles du fœtus et repérer la zone d’intérêt où le tubercule génital est localisé. Alternativement, des sections frontales du fœtus permettent d’identifier les différentes structures dans le même plan et d’apprécier la distance qui les sépare du tubercule génital. A partir du stade 70 jours de gestation, le tubercule génital recouvert par le prépuce chez le mâle et les petites lèvres chez la femelle, est moins échogène et n’a plus son aspect bilobé.
Entre 70 et 120 jours de gestation, un plan de coupe transversale en région abdominale permet de visualiser la masse lobée échogène du scrotum ou les trayons, sous la forme de petits traits échogènes rapprochés en relief par rapport à l’abdomen.
La semence de taureaux infectés par Besnoitia besnoiti :
moindre qualité et source de contamination ?
Authors: Florentin Simon , Esteban-Gil Adriana , Jacquiet Philippe , Decaudin Adeline , Berthelot Xavier , Ronsin Patricia , Grisez Christelle , Prevot Françoise , Alzieu Jean-Pierre , Marois Maxime , Corboz Nicolas , Peglion Marcelline , Vilardell Carine , Liénard Emmanuel , Bouhsira Emilie , Castillo Juan-Antonio , Franc Michel , Picard-Hagen Nicole
Published: December 2024

La besnoitiose bovine est une maladie émergente en Europe. Les objectifs de cette étude sont de déterminer le rôle éventuel du sperme dans la transmission de la besnoitiose et les effets de la besnoitiose chronique sur la fonction sexuelle du taureau.
La présence de l’ADN de B. besnoiti dans le sperme et/ou le liquide pré-spermatique de 40 taureaux, et la relation entre les statuts sérologiques, cliniques et séminologiques ont été évalués chez 11 taureaux non infectés, 17 taureaux infectés subcliniquement et 12 taureaux cliniquement infectés. Le sperme a été récolté par électroéjaculation sur 36 taureaux, en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur où la besnoitiose est enzootique.
L’ADN du parasite n’a été mis en évidence par PCR quantitative dans aucun échantillon de sperme et/ou de liquide pré-spermatique des 40 taureaux. La transmission de B. besnoiti par le sperme semble donc très peu probable.
Les taureaux cliniquement infectés par B. besnoiti ont présenté plus d’altérations du tractus génital que les taureaux non infectés ou infectés subcliniques.

Aucune relation n'a été mise en évidence entre le statut sérologique des taureaux vis-à-vis de la besnoitiose et la qualité du sperme, alors qu'une relation significative a été notée entre les lésions génitales et la qualité séminologique. Cela signifie qu'en l'absence de lésions génitales, l’infection par le parasite B. besnoiti a peu d’impact sur la qualité du sperme.
En revanche, les animaux infectés chroniques constituant des réservoirs potentiels pour une transmission vectorielle de la maladie, les taureaux cliniquement atteints de besnoitiose chronique devraient être éliminés ou, au moins, séparés des animaux sains.
Incidence des mammites cliniques dans les troupeaux laitiers de l’Ouest
de la France
Authors: Manciaux Luc , Engel Christian
Published: December 2024

La maîtrise de la santé de la mamelle est un des principaux enjeux de gestion de la santé productive de la vache laitière. C’est pour les éleveurs laitiers une des préoccupations majeures dans le suivi quotidien.
A ce titre, les mammites cliniques ont un impact important sur l’économie de la production de par leurs effets directs (temps consacrés au traitement, mise à l’écart de la production) et par leur effets indirects (risque résidu, circulation bactérienne dans le troupeau et perte de fonctionnalité du tissu producteur pouvant entrainer des réformes anticipées) : chaque cas de mammite clinique coûte, selon les estimations et le stade de lactation auquel elle survient, de 80 à 450 €. Elles sont d’autant plus dommageables qu’elles surviennent sur des animaux jeunes et en début de lactation.

Il convient ainsi de bien caractériser leur incidence dans les troupeaux afin de pouvoir proposer des plans de lutte pertinents en élevage. C’est l’objet de ce travail qui porte sur un large échantillon de vaches laitières de trois départements de l’Ouest de la France.
Étiologie des mammites en fonction de la sévérité clinique :
résultats dans une clientèle d’Auvergne
et conséquences pour le traitement
Authors: Salat Olivier , Lemaire Guillaume , Perrot Florent
Published: December 2024

Les résultats des analyses bactériologiques du lait réalisées dans une clinique vétérinaire au cours d’une période de 18 mois sont présentés en fonction de la sévérité de l’atteinte clinique. Les mammites cliniques sont ainsi classées en trois catégories : sévère, modérée et bénigne. L’étiologie bactérienne des mammites sévères est très différente de celles des autres formes de mammites cliniques : les entérobactéries, et en particulier Escherichia coli, sont responsables de plus des deux tiers des mammites sévères.
Pour les mammites modérées ou bénignes, dont l’étiologie est très voisine, Streptococcus uberis est responsable d’un tiers environ de ces mammites. On retrouve ensuite Escherichia coli (15 p. cent) et Staphylococus aureus (11 p. cent). C’est encore ce dernier germe qui domine l’étiologie des mammites subcliniques, dues dans plus de 85 p. cent des cas à des staphylocoques ou des streptocoques.

L’antibiorésistance des colibacilles responsables d’infections mammaires, bien que limitée, n’en est pas moins préoccupante. Environ, la moitié des souches de staphylocoques de cette étude sont résistants à la pénicilline.

Le recours de plus en plus fréquent aux examens bactériologiques du lait autorise des adaptations utiles du traitement des infections mammaires. Ainsi, le bénéfice d’une analyse bactériologique du lait est fondamental dans le cas des mammites graves et dans les infections mammaires anciennes. Dans ces derniers cas, un traitement ciblé et agressif est indispensable à l’obtention d’une guérison bactériologique. Un traitement classique (donc sans analyse bactériologique préalable) ne donne des résultats probants que sur les primo-infections.
Le rôle de la nutrition
dans l’incidence et la sévérité des mammites chez les bovins
Authors: Herry Vincent , Foucras Gilles
Published: December 2024

Parmi les facteurs conditionnant la réceptivité de la mamelle aux infections, la nutrition est probablement le plus déterminant.
Les preuves d’un impact majeur de l’alimentation sur les mécanismes de la réponse immunitaire s’accumulent : le déficit énergétique altère les capacités antimicrobiennes des granulocytes neutrophiles et la carence en anti-oxydant (vitamine E, sélénium..) exacerbe le stress oxydant et les conséquences de l’inflammation locale.
Le rôle de l’hypocalcémie est probablement moins déterminant même si elle interfère avec la reconnaissance des agents pathogènes par les cellules immunitaires, diminue les capacités bactéricides des neutrophiles et pourrait altérer la fermeture du sphincter du trayon après la traite favorisant ainsi la pénétration des germes.

L’impact des apports protéiques (excès ou carence) et de l’acidose du rumen subaiguë sur la résistance aux mammites n’est pas démontré.