bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Contract Farming on the Income and Risk of Pistachio and Saffron Producers in Iran
Authors: Abarghouei Mohammad Mehri , Borazjani Mahmoud Ahmadpour , Mohammadi Hamid , Salarpour Mashallah
Published: July 2020

Contract farming is among the institutional arrangements essential for agricultural products. In most cases, these contracts lead to increased incomes and welfare of farmers. However, this type of business has not been taken seriously in Iran. This study aimed to analyze the effect of contract farming on the income and risk of the farmer’s income. To this end, pistachio and saffron farmers in the Yazd Province, in central Iran, were considered in the harvest year of 2017-2018. We divided the farmers into three homogeneous groups, each with different input consumption levels and production per hectare. We calibrated the cost functions of representative farmers in each group. These functions were employed to develop an ideal formal contract model and relational contract model. According to the results, formal contracts and relational contracts increased income and relational contracts reduced the risk to farmers when they were compatible with the incentive constraints of the farmer. Policymakers should provide favorable conditions for the development of contract farming. For instance, they can present contract farming to farmers and encourage agricultural enterprises to participate in contracts by facilitating access to credit and other investment incentives.
Raleio mecânico de frutos e flores em pessegueiros
Authors: Barreto Caroline Farias , Navroski Renan , Benati Jorge Atilio , Pereira José Francisco Martins , Malgarim Marcelo Barbosa , Antunes Luis Eduardo Correa
Published: July 2020

Técnicas que melhorem a eficiência do processo e reduzam o custo de operação são importantes ferramentas na redução dos custos. Dois dispositivos mecânicos foram utilizados para testar a eficiência no raleio de frutos e flores em pessegueiros e a influencia nas características produtivas e qualitativas dos frutos. O estudo foi realizado na cultivar Maciel em pomar comercial no município de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os tratamentos foram: raleio mecânico de flores com o equipamento Carpa Electro® e “derriçadeira”, raleio mecânico de frutos com o equipamento “derriçadeira” e raleio manual de frutos. O raleio mecânico associado ao repasse manual em pessegueiros pode ser uma alternativa viável ao raleio manual, pois reduz o tempo de execução desta prática. Os dois equipamentos podem ser utilizados para o raleio mecânico, pois não alteraram a produção por planta, o número de frutos por planta, a massa dos frutos, diâmetro dos frutos, as características físico-químicas e os compostos bioativos dos frutos.
Criticism as an Ideology. The Problem of National(ist) Theatre, 1931–1933
Authors: Vasinauskaitė Rasa
Published: July 2020

Using the concept of Eagleton’s ideology, the article is focused on the conflict between the State Theatre and the magazine Naujoji Romuva, which from 1931 represented the ideological policy of the state based on the idea of national unity and independence of national culture. One of the doctrines of this idea was the ethnic purity of Lithuanian culture, including theatre. The criticism voiced by the magazine was directed at the Russian artists working in the theatre (for instance, Michael Chekhov) and at the influence of Russian theatre on Lithuanian creators. The highest expression of the conflict between the theatre and its opponents was the public outburst in two magazines, Naujoji Romuva and Skynimai. Summarizing this conflict, the Marxist-oriented magazine Kultūra argued that the conflict essentially took place within a single ideological discourse: it was a confrontation between the ideas “art for art” and “art for the nation”. The conclusion drawn in the article is that the ongoing conflict of 1931-1933 between the State Theatre (represented by the theatre critic and theatre “ideologue” Balys Sruoga in the public sphere), and the society / nation / political ideology (represented by the Naujoji Romuva) was doomed from the outset. The conflict was essentially between the proponents of bourgeois ideology, controlled by the discourse of the dominant power and based on the idea of an independent nation-state.
Anticipatory behaviour in animals: A critical review
Authors: Anderson C , von Keyserlingk MAG , Lidfors LM , Weary DM
Published: July 2020

A number of studies have investigated anticipatory behaviour in animals as a measure of sensitivity to reward or as an expression of emotional state. A common feature of many studies is that they base inferences on seemingly arbitrary measures, for example, the frequency of behavioural transitions (ie number of times an animal switches between different behaviours). This paper critically reviews the literature and discusses various hypotheses for why specific behavioural responses occur in the anticipatory period between the signal and reward in conditioned animals. We argue that the specific behaviours shown may be the result of superstitious learning and thus highly variable, leaving behavioural transitions as the only response that can be scored consistently, and that sometimes these responses may relate more to frustration than to a positive emotional state. Finally, we propose new research approaches to avoid potential confounds and improve future studies on this topic.
Impact des contextes économique et organisationnel des entreprises sur le sens du travail chez les salariés
Authors: Bruyère Mireille , Lizé Laurence
Published: July 2020

Cet article propose d’établir des liens entre le sens du travail chez les salariés et les contextes économique et organisationnel dans lequel ils travaillent. Cet environnement économique est marqué, notamment, par la montée des relations donneurs d’ordre/sous-traitants, une gestion plus flexible de la production ou de l’emploi et la financiarisation des entreprises. Selon nos hypothèses, ces transformations agissent sur les conditions de travail et, de ce fait, sur le sens que les individus peuvent accorder à leurs tâches. Ce sens peut varier à la hausse comme à la baisse.

Cette étude exploite deux bases de données françaises : tout d’abord, l’Enquête Conditions de travail 2013 réalisée auprès de 6724 salariés, rattachés à 5496 établissements. Ensuite, chaque établissement a été apparié à des données macro-sectorielles de l’Insee (Base ESANE-FARE, en évolution entre 2008 et 2012), afin de disposer d’informations sur l’évolution de ratios qui caractérisent les dynamiques productives actuelles, comme le taux de marge ou la financiarisation du capital des entreprises. À l’aide de questionnaires auprès des salariés, quatre conditions du sens du travail ont été identifiées et, ensuite, mesurées par quatre scores. Il s’agit de l’utilité, l’autonomie, la pression temporelle et les relations dans le collectif de travail. Ce sont les variations de ces scores que nous cherchons à expliquer. Par une analyse multiniveau, nous pouvons mesurer l’impact du contexte organisationnel (niveau 2) et du contexte macro-sectoriel des entreprises (niveau 3) sur ces quatre conditions du sens du travail.

Les résultats montrent comment l’organisation du travail dans les établissements et la financiarisation des entreprises influencent le sens du travail chez les salariés. De plus, nous avons observé que le sens de cet impact dépend beaucoup de la position de l’établissement dans la chaîne de valeur.
Formation à l’égalité femmes-hommes par le théâtre d’entreprise : une analyse de saynètes
Authors: Montargot Nathalie , Redon Gaëlle
Published: July 2020

Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser la formation à la diversité par le théâtre d’entreprise en se centrant sur le thème de l’égalité femmes/hommes dans le monde professionnel. Il se focalise sur la première phase de la prestation théâtrale, à savoir les saynètes de formation sur catalogue, jouées par des comédiens-formateurs. Ces dernières exposent les situations d’inégalités femmes/hommes au travail, afin de préparer la seconde phase formatrice qui porte sur les stéréotypes, l’analyse des comportements exposés et les possibles remédiations.

La problématique de recherche est centrée sur la façon dont le théâtre d’entreprise représente les inégalités femmes/hommes au travail dans les saynètes introduisant leur formation à la diversité. Pour y répondre, une méthodologie qualitative a été choisie et celle-ci permet de comprendre les mécanismes à l’oeuvre dans les formations théâtrales qui servent de support aux politiques de gestion à la diversité dans les organisations. Il apparaît, notamment, que ces formations se concentrent sur certaines dimensions de l’égalité femmes/hommes, le plus souvent dans un but de mise en conformité avec la loi, omettant en cela de prendre en compte plusieurs facettes du phénomène d’inégalité.

Cette recherche montre le mode de fonctionnement du théâtre fondé sur un idéal-type et l’exposition de situations, basées sur les différentes barrières rencontrées par les femmes. Bien qu’il constitue un outil de formation et de sensibilisation original, seul, il n’est pas suffisant pour saisir toute la complexité du phénomène en oeuvre et mener à un changement des comportements. Il apparait donc important dans de futures recherches de mieux appréhender le processus de formation et de procéder à une mesure longitudinale de l’apport du théâtre dans la formation à l’égalité femmes-hommes.
L’adéquation formation-emploi : concepts et pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines
Authors: Michaud Renée , Bernier Amélie , Ben Mansour Jamal
Published: July 2020

L’adéquation formation-emploi a fait couler beaucoup d’encre au cours des dernières années, car elle présente des défis importants auxquels tant les entreprises que les pouvoirs publics cherchent à répondre. Il s’agit d’une notion polysémique que l’on doit s’assurer de bien cerner parce que la littérature regorge d’une multitude de vocables et de mesures utilisés pour décrire les situations d’inadéquation formation-emploi et d’écarts observés dans le marché du travail.

Cette recherche vise à contribuer à la littérature et aux débats actuels sur cette importante question de diverses manières. Notre article poursuit trois objectifs. D’abord, nous clarifions le concept d’adéquation formation-emploi et distinguons trois situations : l’adéquation, la surcompétence et la sous-compétence. Deuxièmement, nous identifions les pratiques favorisant l’adéquation entre les compétences des employés et les postes occupés. Pour y parvenir, nous retenons l’approche ‘configurationnelle’ en vertu de laquelle un groupe cohérent de pratiques mises en oeuvre simultanément influence la performance. Dans un troisième temps, nous proposons des éléments de réflexion pour les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) en matière d’adéquation formation-emploi.

Notre article utilise les données d’une recherche subventionnée dans laquelle nous avons mené une enquête téléphonique auprès des responsables de la gestion des ressources humaines de 376 PME québécoises manufacturières. Les résultats obtenus, à l’aide de l’analyse des classes latentes et des régressions logistiques, montrent que sept pratiques forment un regroupement cohérent et que les entreprises ayant constaté des cas d’inadéquation (surcompétence ou sous-compétence) ont davantage tendance à implanter ces sept pratiques afin de corriger la situation. En conclusion, des recommandations sont formulées pour l’ensemble des PME québécoises.
Newcomers as Potential Drivers of Union Revitalization: Survey Evidence from Belgium
Authors: Vandaele Kurt
Published: July 2020

Most people tend to join mainstream trade unions for instrumental motives and not so much for ideological reasons. This instrumentalism, together with the passivity of most union members, endangers members’ union loyalty and their willingness to act collectively. One possible way to de-emphasize the traditional model of service-oriented unionism and strengthen union commitment is to involve members in small union tasks. By partially assigning day-to-day union work to lay members, it is believed that over-stretched union representatives will be able to assign more time to implementing union policies of strategic importance.

The article examines to what extent new union members are willing to voluntarily engage in union tasks inspired by organizing unionism. To test this empirically, an e-survey was conducted among first-time members of a Belgian union. Predominantly young, the respondents had been members of the union for maximum of seven years. Belgium is an interesting case for exploring how member-union ties can be boosted, as it is a quintessential example of a country with a high union density characterized by instrumental and passive membership.

Following the deletion of cases with missing data, 518 observations are available for analysis. The dependent variable measures the organizing-oriented activism intent based on union tasks reflecting one-on-one organizing tactics for reaching out to potential members. A critical mass of 41.3% new members is (greatly) interested in at least one task. The regression results show that two variables derived from the planned behaviour theory significantly influence organizing-based union tasks: the pro-union context and behavioural self-control, with the latter in particular a very strong antecedent. Apart from the finding that a larger membership base is interested in performing organizing-oriented tasks, the results also, support a developmental view on union activism, i.e. a step-by-step approach to stimulating union activism via introducing various levels of union participation.
An International History of Coalminers’ Actions to Voice Resistance to the Appropriation of their Safety and Health, 1870-1925
Authors: Walters David , Quinlan Michael
Published: July 2020

This paper seeks to explore the history of miners’ struggles to represent their interests in health and safety in coalmines in a range of countries in the period between 1870 and 1925. It has two objectives, the first objective being to examine these struggles both in terms of what determined them and how effective they were. The second objective is to assess the significance of these struggles for current understandings of representative participation in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS).

Starting with late 19th century Australia, the research method involved search, retrieval and analysis of historical sources including newspaper accounts, recorded testimony to Commissions of Inquiry into mining incidents and disasters, records of the debates of the legislature on relevant regulatory reforms and records of trade union meetings, as well as the accounts of contemporary observers and published analysis.

Extending its inquiry to other countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, France and Belgium, the methods used for these countries were less focused on newspaper accounts and more reliant on the analysis of published historical records of national and international trade union congresses, and those of the legislatures of these countries, as well as theses and accounts in the research literature. In combination, these sources corroborate one another and provide rich qualitative data, the analysis of which has achieved both research objectives.

As well as filling an important gap in the literature on the development of worker involvement in OHS, this paper shows that coalminers’ struggles and strategies for workers to have a say in their health and safety, and the contexts that shaped them are both instructive and important in understanding current experiences.
In memoriam : Claude Laflamme (1942-2019)
Authors:   La rédaction
Published: July 2020

Claude Laflamme nous a quittés en février 2019, à l’âge de 76 ans. La rédaction de la Revue Jeunes et Société tient à souligner, en marge de la parution de ce premier volet du dossier thématique intitulé La dimension territoriale des parcours des jeunes, sa contribution aux études sur la jeunesse en général et aux travaux du Groupe de recherche sur la migration des jeunes en particulier.
Rapport au territoire et expérience de la migration interne chez les jeunes : réflexions à partir de travaux du Groupe de recherche sur la migration des jeunes
Authors: Côté Serge
Published: July 2020

Dans un premier temps, les orientations théoriques qui ont guidé le Groupe de recherche sur la migration des jeunes (GRMJ) sont exposées sommairement et le potentiel de renouvellement qu’elles contenaient est mis en évidence. La question du rapport des jeunes au territoire est par la suite abordée à partir de diverses comparaisons tirées de certains travaux du GRMJ et de chercheurs qui ont marché dans les traces théoriques et méthodologiques du GRMJ. De ces comparaisons il ressort que l’augmentation du phénomène migratoire et de sa fluidité a pour effet de rendre plus dynamique le rapport des jeunes au territoire; que les jeunes qui sont plus libres dans leurs choix de migrer éprouvent un sentiment d’appartenance plus marqué et un rapport plus vibrant à leur territoire d’origine; que les facteurs qui favorisent l’attachement à la région où les migrants s’établissent ne sont pas de nature différente chez les jeunes qui en sont originaires et qui y reviennent et les jeunes qui ont grandi ailleurs; que les migrants de retour surpassent les non-migrants sur les plans de la réalisation de projets, de l’implication et de l’intérêt pour le devenir de la région, signe d’un rapport plus actif au territoire. Enfin, l’importance de la contribution du GRMJ en ce qui concerne l’étude de la migration des jeunes au Québec est soulignée. L’originalité de l’apport du GRMJ tient en partie au souci de ses chercheurs de faire une place dans leurs analyses au rapport des jeunes au territoire.
L’attractivité des territoires ruraux chez les jeunes : une approche par les déterminants psychosociologiques de l’intention de rester vivre sur son territoire
Authors: Pernin Jean-Louis , Dufeu Ivan , Georges Laurent , Djamen Raoul
Published: July 2020

L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier les facteurs d’attractivité territoriale chez les jeunes originaires de territoires ruraux en s’appuyant sur les déterminants psychosociologiques de l’intention de rester vivre sur leur territoire. Pour ce faire, il s’appuie sur la théorie du comportement planifié (TCP), mobilisée ici pour prédire l’intention comportementale. Le modèle classique de la TCP est, compte tenu de la problématique de l’article et des débats scientifiques actuels, enrichi du rajout de deux variables explicatives de l’intention de rester sur son territoire rural : les regrets anticipés et l’attachement territorial. L’attractivité d’un territoire est donc abordée ici en s’appuyant sur les perceptions subjectives et individuelles. Sur la base d’entretiens semi directifs et sur une enquête par questionnaire (n=322) conduits auprès de jeunes de 18 à 20 ans, ce travail a permis : 1) d’identifier les bénéfices et les freins liés au fait de rester vivre sur son territoire ; 2) de tester la capacité prédictive de ces bénéfices et freins sur l’attitude, la perception de contrôle sur le comportement et les regrets anticipés ; 3) d’évaluer le rôle de ces construits ainsi que de l’attachement territorial dans la formation de l’intention de rester vivre sur son territoire rural. Il apparait que les dimensions socioculturelles prennent une importance primordiale dans les résultats, davantage que les dimensions économiques et infrastructurelles. Des préconisations managériales sont formulées en conclusion ainsi que le bilan des apports théoriques et des pistes de recherche.
Tower to Tower
Authors: Steiner Henriette , Veel Kristin
Published: July 2020

A cultural history of gigantism in architecture and digital culture, from the Eiffel Tower to the World Trade Center.

The gigantic is everywhere, and gigantism is manifest in everything from excessively tall skyscrapers to globe-spanning digital networks. In this book, Henriette Steiner and Kristin Veel map and critique the trajectory of gigantism in architecture and digital culture—the convergence of tall buildings and networked infrastructures—from the Eiffel Tower to One World Trade Center. They show how these two forms of gigantism intersect in the figure of the skyscraper with a transmitting antenna on its roof, a gigantic building that is also a nodal point in a gigantic digital infrastructure.

Steiner and Veel focus on two paradigmatic tower sites: the Eiffel Tower and the Twin Towers of the destroyed World Trade Center (as well as their replacement, the One World Trade Center tower). They consider, among other things, philosophical interpretations of the Eiffel Tower; the design and destruction of the Twin Towers; the architectural debates surrounding the erection of One World Trade Center on the Ground Zero site; and such recent examples of gigantism across architecture and digital culture as Rem Koolhaas's headquarters for China Central TV and the phenomenon of the “tech giant.” Examining the cultural, architectural, and media history of these towers, they analyze the changing conceptions of the gigantism that they represent, not just as physical structures but as sites for the projection of cultural ideas and ideals.
El estrés crónico como mediador de la relación entre la posición socioeconómica y el cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico de pacientes hipertensos
Authors: Guzmán-Tordecilla Deivis Nicolás , Vecino-Ortiz Andrés Ignacio , Lucumí Diego , Mentz Graciela
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La hipertensión arterial sistémica es un problema de salud pública en el mundo. En Colombia, su prevalencia es del 25 % y la mortalidad es alta. Los factores psicosociales que afectan el cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico no han sido estudiados suficientemente. En otros países, se ha estudiado el papel del estrés crónico en la relación entre la posición socioeconómica y el cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico antihipertensivo.Objetivo. Examinar el papel del estrés crónico como mediador de la relación entre la posición socioeconómica y el cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico, en pacientes hipertensos de 45 a 70 años en el 2015 y el 2016.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal de una población de pacientes hipertensos. Los datos provienen de la muestra seleccionada para el programa “De todo corazón” en Bogotá, Medellín y Quibdó. El análisis estadístico de los datos se hizo mediante análisis factorial y regresiones multivariadas.Resultados. Los resultados confirmaron una asociación positiva entre la posición socioeconómica y el grado de cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico, y una relación negativa entre la primera y el estrés crónico. Además, se evidenció que el estrés tiene una asociación negativa con el grado de cumplimiento.Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que el estrés no es un mediador entre la posición socioeconómica y el cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico antihipertensivo en Colombia. Se requieren estudios adicionales para confirmar estas relaciones con una muestra más amplia.
Costo-efectividad de la prueba de secuenciación del gen CFTR para portadores asintomáticos en la población colombiana
Authors: Andrade Ernesto , Díaz Jorge
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad genética de carácter autosómico recesivo clasificada como enfermedad huérfana de alto costo.Objetivo. Determinar la razón de costo-efectividad de la prueba diagnóstica de secuenciación del gen CFTR para los portadores asintomáticos familiares en primer, segundo y tercer grados de consanguinidad.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una búsqueda sistemática sobre la evaluación de las características operativas de la prueba diagnóstica y los modelos de árbol de decisiones en estudios de costo-efectividad. Se elaboró un modelo de árbol de decisiones tomando como unidad de análisis la prevención de futuras concepciones. Los costos de la enfermedad se obtuvieron del reporte de alto costo del Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. Los costos de la prueba se obtuvieron de laboratorios nacionales. Se hizo un análisis de sensibilidad, determinístico y probabilístico, con la perspectiva del tercer pagador y horizonte a un año.Resultados. Se obtuvo una razón incremental de costo-efectividad (RICE) de USD$5.051,10 por obtener 10,89 % más de probabilidades de evitar el nacimiento de un niñoenfermo con fibrosis quística por pareja. Para los familiares de segundo y tercer grados, se encontró una RICE de USD$ 19.380,94 y USD$ 55.913,53, respectivamente, al aplicar el PIB per cápita. Esta tecnología fue costo-efectiva en 39 %, 61,18 % y 74,36 % para 1, 2 y 3 PIB per cápita en familiares de primer grado de consanguinidad.Conclusiones. La prueba genética de detección de portadores del gen CFTR resultó costo-efectiva dependiendo del umbral de la disponibilidad de pagar, y de los supuestos y limitaciones establecidas en el modelo.
Polimorfismos de los genes del sistema leptina-melanocortina asociados con la obesidad en la población adulta de Barranquilla
Authors: Garavito Pilar , Mosquera-Heredia María Isabel , Fang Luis , Payares Fausto , Ruiz Martha , Arias Isis , Tuesca Rafael , Navarro Édgar , Silvera-Redondo Carlos
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La obesidad se considera un grave problema de salud pública y por ello se hacen esfuerzos en la búsqueda de genes como el LEP, el LEPR y el MC4R del sistema leptina-melanocortina, el cual opera en la regulación neuroendocrina de la ingestión y el equilibrio energético e influye en la patogenia de la enfermedad. Los resultados contradictorios en torno a la asociación de estos genes con la obesidad plantean la necesidad de nuevas investigaciones.Objetivo. Analizar los polimorfismos rs2167270 del gen LEP, rs1137101 del gen LEPR y rs17782313 del gen MC4R asociados con la obesidad y sus variables clínicas y bioquímicas en una muestra de pacientes adultos de Barranquilla.Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 111 personas obesas y 155 no obesas como controles. Los polimorfismos se determinaron mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en tiempo real. Se tomaron las medidas antropométricas, se evaluó la presión arterial y se hicieron pruebas bioquímicas.Resultados. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas en la frecuencia alélica y genotípica de los polimorfismos en los grupos estudiados. En cuanto a las variables clínicas y bioquímicas, el genotipo CC del polimorfismo rs17782313 del gen MC4R, se asoció con un aumento de la presión arterial sistólica y, el alelo T y su genotipo homocigoto, con una disminución del colesterol HDL en los obesos. No se evidenció ningún efecto de los otros polimorfismos en estas variables.Conclusiones. Los polimorfismos rs2167270 del gen LEP, rs1137101 del gen LEPR y rs17782313 del gen MC4R, no se asociaron con obesidad en la población analizada. Se encontró que el polimorfismo rs17782313 del gen MC4R influyó en el aumento de la presión arterial sistólica y la disminución del colesterol HDL en las personas obesas.
Prescripción e indicaciones de uso de fluoroquinolonas en un grupo de pacientes ambulatorios de Colombia
Authors: Machado-Duque Manuel Enrique , Mercado-Gómez Katherine , Bernal-Chica María Camila , Uribe-Vélez Stephanie , Machado-Alba Jorge Enrique
Published: July 2020

Introducción. Existen evidencias sobre el uso indiscriminado de antibióticos en el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades.Objetivo. Determinar los patrones de prescripción y de indicaciones de uso de las fluoroquinolonas en un grupo de pacientes ambulatorios en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo farmacoepidemiológico del tipo de prescripción e indicaciones de uso a partir de una base de datos poblacionales que incluía pacientes con prescripciones ambulatorias de fluoroquinolonas entre mayo y octubre de 2018. Se recabó la información sobre las variables sociodemográficas, farmacológicas y clínicas (diagnóstico según la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, versión 10) y se estableció la proporción del uso de fluoroquinolonas en indicaciones aprobadas y no aprobadas por las agencias reguladoras.Resultados. Se identificaron 23.373 pacientes que habían recibido fluoroquinolonas; su edad media era de 47,9 ± 18,1 años y 15.767 eran mujeres (67,5 %). La ciprofloxacina fue el medicamento más prescrito (n=19.328; 82,7 %), seguida de la norfloxacina (n=3.076; 13,2 %), la levofloxacina (n=573; 2,5 %) y la moxifloxacina (n=394; 1,7 %). Las principales indicaciones fueron la infección de las vías urinarias en sitio no especificado (n=10.777; 46,1 %), la diarrea y la gastroenteritis de presunto origen infeccioso (n=3.077, 13,2 %) y la cistitis aguda (n=956; 4,2 %). El 76 % (n=17.759) de las prescripciones correspondía a indicaciones aprobadas y el resto a usos no aprobados, como la rinofaringits o las infecciones de tejidos blandos. El ser hombre (odds ratio, OR=1,26; IC95%: 1,18-1,34) y tener menos de 35 años (OR=1,92; IC95%:1,48-1,50) se asociaron con una mayor probabilidad de uso de fluoroquinolonas en indicaciones no aprobadas.Conclusión. Las fluoroquinolonas, en particular la ciprofloxacina, se están prescribiendo especialmente a mujeres con infecciones de las vías urinarias, pero hasta la cuarta parte de los pacientes las recibieron para usos no aprobados por las agencias reguladoras.
Establishment and characterization of fantail goldfish fin (FtGF) cell line from goldfish,Carassius auratusfor in vitro propagation of Cyprinid herpes virus-2 (CyHV-2)
Authors: Dharmaratnam Arathi , Kumar Raj , Valaparambil Basheer Saidmuhammed , Sood Neeraj , Pradhan Pravata Kumar , Das Sweta , Swaminathan T. Raja
Published: July 2020

Background

Herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease, caused by cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2), is responsible for massive mortalities in the aquaculture of goldfish,Carassius auratus. Permissive cell lines for the isolation and propagation of CyHV-2 have been established from various goldfish tissues by sacrificing the fish. Here, we report the development of a cell line, FtGF (Fantail Goldfish Fin), from caudal fin of goldfish using non-lethal sampling. We also describe a simple protocol for successful establishment and characterization of a permissive cell line through explant method and continuous propagation of CyHV-2 with high viral titer using this cell line.

Methods

Caudal fin tissue samples were collected from goldfish without killing the fish. Cell culture of goldfish caudal fin cells was carried out using Leibovitz’s L-15 (L-15) medium containing 20% FBS and 1X concentration of antibiotic antimycotic solution, incubated at 28 °C. Cells were characterized and origin of the cells was confirmed by sequencing fragments of the 16S rRNA and COI genes. CyHV-2 was grown in the FtGF cells and passaged continuously 20 times. The infectivity of the CyHV-2 isolated using FtGF cells was confirmed by experimental infection of naïve goldfish.

Results

The cell line has been passaged up to 56 times in L-15 with 10% FBS. Karyotyping of FtGF cells at 30th,40thand 56thpassage indicated that modal chromosome number was 2n = 104. Species authentication of FtGF was performed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA and COI genes. The cell line was used for continuous propagation of CyHV-2 over 20 passages with high viral titer of 107.8±0.26TCID50/mL. Following inoculation of CyHV-2 positive tissue homogenate, FtGF cells showed cytopathic effect by 2ndday post-inoculation (dpi) and complete destruction of cells was observed by the 10thdpi. An experimental infection of naïve goldfish using supernatant from infected FtGF cells caused 100% mortality and CyHV-2 infection in the challenged fish was confirmed by the amplification of DNA polymerase gene, histopathology and transmission electron microscopy. These findings provide confirmation that the FtGF cell line is highly permissive to the propagation of CyHV-2.
Siderophore and indolic acid production by Paenibacillus triticisoli BJ-18 and their plant growth-promoting and antimicrobe abilities
Authors: Zhang Yunzhi , Ren Jinwei , Wang Wenzhao , Chen Baosong , Li Erwei , Chen Sanfeng
Published: July 2020

Paenibacillus triticisoli BJ-18, a N2-fixing bacterium, is able to promote plant growth, but the secondary metabolites that may play a role in promoting plant growth have never been characterized. In this study, untargeted metabolomics profiling of P. triticisoli BJ-18 indicated the existence of 101 known compounds, including N2-acetyl ornithine, which is the precursor of siderophores, plant growth regulators such as trehalose 6-phosphate, betaine and trigonelline, and other bioactive molecules such as oxymatrine, diosmetin, luotonin A, (-)-caryophyllene oxide and tetrahydrocurcumin. In addition, six compounds were also isolated from P. triticisoli BJ-18 using a combination of silica gel chromatography, sephadex LH-20, octadecyl silane (ODS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The compound structures were further analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Mass Spectrometry (MS), and Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD). The six compounds included three classical siderophore fusarinines identified as deshydroxylferritriacetylfusigen, desferritriacetylfusigen, and triacetylfusigen, and three indolic acids identified as paenibacillic acid A, 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA), and 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA). Both deshydroxylferritriacetylfusigen and paenibacillic acid A have new structures. Fusarinines, which normally occur in fungi, were isolated from bacterium for the first time in this study. Both siderophores (compounds 1 and 2) showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, but did not show obvious inhibitory activity against yeast Candida albicans, whereas triacetylfusigen (compound 3) showed no antibiosis activity against these test microorganisms. Paenibacillic acid A, IAA, and IPA were shown to promote the growth of plant shoots and roots, and paenibacillic acid A also showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. Our study demonstrates that siderophores and indolic acids may play an important role in plant growth promotion by P. triticisoli BJ-18.
Assessment of fish biodiversity in four Korean rivers using environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Alam Md Jobaidul , Kim Nack-Keun , Andriyono Sapto , Choi Hee-kyu , Lee Ji-Hyun , Kim Hyun-Woo
Published: July 2020

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a cost-effective novel approach to estimate biodiversity in an ecosystem. In this study, the MiFish pipeline was employed to test if the system methodology is sufficiently reliable to estimate fish biodiversity in Korean rivers. A total of 125 unique haplotypes and 73 species were identified at the species level from 16 water samples collected from a single survey in four Korean rivers (Hyeongsan, Taehwa, Seomjin, and Nakdong). Among the four rivers, the highest species richness was recorded in the Seomjin River (52 species), followed by the Taehwa (42 species) and Hyeongsan (40 species) rivers. The Nakdong River (26 species) presented the lowest species richness and number of endemic species, presumably due to its metropolitan location and anthropogenic impacts, such as dams or weirs. We were also able to detect that five exotic species (Carassius cuvieri, Cyprinus carpio, Cyprinus megalophthalmus, Lepomis macrochirus, and Micropterus salmoides) are widely distributed in all surveyed rivers, a situation that might be problematic in terms of conservation. Our findings indicate that the eDNA metabarcoding technique is one of the most cost-effective scientific tools available for the management and conservation of the freshwater fish resources available in Korea. However, the low number of 12S sequences of endemic species in the database and low resolution of the MiFish region for differentiating several taxa should be upgraded for their wide use.
A novel histozoic myxosporean, Enteromyxum caesio n. sp., infecting the redbelly yellowtail fusilier, Caesio cuning, with the creation of the Enteromyxidae n. fam., to formally accommodate this commercially important genus
Authors: Freeman Mark A. , Yanagida Tetsuya , Kristmundsson Àrni
Published: July 2020

Gastrointestinal myxosporean parasites from the genus Enteromyxum are known to cause severe disease, resulting in high mortalities in numerous species of cultured marine fishes globally. Originally described as Myxidium spp., they were transferred to a new genus, Enteromyxum, to emphasize their novel characteristics. Their retention in the family Myxidiidae at the time was warranted, but more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses have since demonstrated the need for a new family for these parasites. We discovered a novel Enteromyxum in wild fish from Malaysia and herein describe the fourth species in the genus and erect a new family, the Enteromyxidae n. fam., to accommodate them. Enteromyxum caesio n. sp. is described infecting the tissues of the stomach in the redbelly yellowtail fusilier, Caesio cuning, from Malaysia. The new species is distinct from all others in the genus, as the myxospores although morphologically similar, are significantly smaller in size. Furthermore, small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data reveal that E. caesio is <84% similar to others in the genus, but collectively they form a robust and discrete clade, the Enteromyxidae n. fam., which is placed as a sister taxon to other histozoic marine myxosporeans. In addition, we describe, using transmission electron microscopy, the epicellular stages of Enteromyxum fugu and show a scanning electron micrograph of a mature myxospore of E. caesio detailing the otherwise indistinct sutural line, features of the polar capsules and spore valve ridges. The Enteromyxidae n. fam. is a commercially important group of parasites infecting the gastrointestinal tract of marine fishes and the histozoic species can cause the disease enteromyxosis in intensive finfish aquaculture facilities. Epicellular and sloughed histozoic stages are responsible for fish-to-fish transmission in net pen aquaculture systems but actinospores from an annelid host are thought to be necessary for transmission to fish in the wild.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Some Productivity Models on Floodplain Soils of Wukari Area, Northern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria
Authors: Gani A. T. , Ali A. , Agber P. I. , Abagyeh S. O. I.
Published: July 2020

A study on quantifying the productivity of Wukari flood plain soils using Neill’s Productivity Index (PI), Modified Neill’s Productivity Index (PIm) and Riquier Productivity Index (RI) was carried out. The applicability and validity of the productivity index models were determined using rice as a test crop. Result showed significant relationships with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.7158, 0.7204 and 0.8778 found between grain yield of rice (Y) and PI, PIm and RI values respectively. The highest and the lowest grain yield of rice to a reasonable extent correspond to the higher and the lower productivity index values, respectively. Higher productivity indices explained higher mean grain yield of rice. The productivity indices values decreased with the decrease in grain yield. The grain yield of grain followed productivity index predictions and are hereby recommended as tools of soil productivity assessment in the study area.
Efficiency of Three Extracts of Carica papaya as Molluscicidal and Anti-schistosomal Agents against Biomphalaria alexandrina and Schistosoma mansoni by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Aly Ibrahim , Gouida Mona S. , Sayed Hoda E. L. , Attiyah Sama M. N. , Shaker Shaimaa , Elleboudy Noha A. , Ghoname Samah I.
Published: July 2020

Schistosomias is a prevalent parasitic disease in tropical and sub-tropical areas, which comes in the second place in terms of socioeconomic and public health burden. Around 600 million people in 74 countries are infected yearly, predominantly in the developing world. The aim of this work was to assess the efficiency of three extracts from Carica papaya (methanol, ethanol and butanol extracts) for their molluscicidal and anti-schistosomal activities. The LC50 of methanol, ethanol and butanol extracts of Carica papaya against B. alexandrinea were 180, 499.3 and 509.1 mg/L while the respective LC90 values were 220.3, 700.6, 769.6 mg/L respectively. The effect of these extracts on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and larval stages of Schistosma mansoni, for miracidia the LC50 of methanol, ethanol and butanol extracts of Carica papaya against miracidia were 3.4, 15.4 and 8.1 mg/L, respectively, while the respective LC90 values were 8.4, 38.2, 11.2 mg/L, and for  cercariae the LC50 of methanol, ethanol and butanol extracts of Carica papaya were 2, 20 and 4 mg/L, while the respective LC90 values were 13.5, 80.5, 18.5 mg/L respectively  was evaluated, in addition to flowcytometric analysis of CD4, CD25, FOXP3 and TGF-β levels during S. mansoni infection in mice. The in-vivo results showed that the three extracts have variable potential against snails and miracidia and cercariae of S. mansoni. The mortality rate in B. alexandrina snails for methanol, ethanol and butanol extracts of Carcia papay were 86%, 45% and 64%, respectively. While it was 83%, 35% and 66%, respectively in miracidia and 92%, 40% and 70%, respectively in cercariae. The results indicated that methanol extract from Carica papaya recorded higher activity against snails, miracidia and cercariae. The levels of CD4, CD25, FOXP3 regulatory T (Treg) cells were decreased significantly (p<0.001) in infected mice compared to healthy controls. However, there was a significant (p<0.001) increase in levels of TGF-β. A significant increase in the levels of CD4, CD25, and FOXP3 Treg in Carica papaya treated group compared to infected control group, with a significant (p<0.001) decrease in TGF-β level than infected group. In conclusion, methanol extract was more effective at concentration of LC50 180 and LC90 220.3 than ethanol and butanol extracts of Carica papaya therefore controlling B. alexandrina snails by methanol extract is a promising way as it is an eco-friendly strategy in rural areas of developing countries, where schistosomiasis is endemic. Moreover, the increased immune defense mechanism in treated group with the same extracts is a promising target for new immune modulatory strategies against schistosomiasis.
University knowledge and opinion on donation and organ transplantatio
Authors: Hanauer Morgana , Burille Andreia
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: analisou-se o conhecimento e a opinião de universitários sobre doação e transplante de órgãos. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em um pequeno município do Rio Grande do Sul. Além de residir no cenário e de não estar inserido em formações na área da saúde, teve-se como critério de inclusão vínculo acadêmico ativo. Entrevistas semiestruturadas geraram as informações, sendo estas apresentadas pela análise temática. Resultados: evidenciou-se sensibilidade e engajamento ao falar da temática, no entanto, quando direcionadas questões sobre o processo e as possibilidades de doação, o conhecimento mostrou-se incipiente e, por momentos, envolto por mitos e medos. Alguns assuntos, como conceito de morte encefálica e etapas do processo de doação poderiam ser exploradas em campanhas, à medida que muitas dúvidas dos participantes se situaram nesses campos. Conclusão: recomenda-se que nos espaços universitários sejam asseguradas discussões transversais, que fortaleçam o ideário de solidariedade.
Self image and resilience of oncological patient
Authors: Lins Fabiana Godoys , Nascimento Hudson Barcelos do , Sória Denise de Assis Corrêa , Souza Sonia Regina de
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: resiliência dos pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer diante da mudança da autoimagem corporal. Método: pesquisa exploratória com abordagem quanti-qualitativo, o cenário de pesquisa foi um Hospital de Grande porte, com participantes em idade adulta. O instrumento de coleta de dados conteve um questionário sociodemográfico, a escala BIS e Escala de Resiliência de Wagnild. Resultados: Os pacientes entrevistados apresentaram segundo a escala BIS um maior número de sintomas e perturbação acerca da sua autoimagem, e no que diz respeito a resiliência, os entrevistados se concentraram no score de moderadamente baixo a alto. Conclusão: os pacientes expuseram suas necessidades, demonstraram suas fragilidades, bem como as dificuldades de enfrentar um tratamento cheio de estigmas, por vezes de sua família ou até dos profissionais de saúde e mostraram que quanto maior a mudança na imagem corporal sentida pelo paciente o mesmo poderá apresentar ou desenvolver um alto nível de resiliência durante o tratamento.
Antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic therapy on the treatment of oral candidiasis in people living with hiv/aids
Authors: Izoton Carlos Felipe Gomes , Israel Mônica Simões
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia antimicrobiana da terapia fotodinâmica no tratamento da candidíase oral em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. Método: Estudo experimental, qualitativo e descritivo com 18 pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids que manifestavam a candidíase oral, maiores de 18 anos, que estavam em tratamento no Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle. Este grupo subdividiu-se em um grupo controle, composto por sete pessoas, que recebeu tratamento com a terapia fotodinâmica e antifúngicos, e um grupo experimental, com 11, que recebeu apenas a terapia fotodinâmica. A evolução do tratamento de cada participante foi acompanhada por registros fotográficos em duas consultas, inicial e final. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do hospital, parecer número 2.431.107. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes apresentou melhora clínica, ainda que discreta, e em apenas um houve piora clínica. Conclusão: A terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana pode ser eficaz no tratamento da candidíase oral em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids.
Thermally Controlled, Active Imperceptible Artificial Skin in Visible‐to‐Infrared Range
Authors: Lee Jinwoo , Sul Heayoun , Jung Yeongju , Kim Hyeonseok , Han Seonggeun , Choi Joonhwa , Shin Jaeho , Kim Dongkwan , Jung Jinwook , Hong Sukjoon , Ko Seung Hwan
Published: July 2020

Cephalopods’ extraordinary ability to hide into any background has inspired researchers to reproduce the intriguing ability to readily camouflage in the infrared (IR) and visible spectrum but this still remains as a conundrum. In this study, a multispectral imperceptible skin that enables human skin to actively blend into the background both in the IR‐visible integrated spectrum only by simple temperature control with a flexible bi‐functional device (active cooling and heating) is developed. The thermochromic layer on the outer surface of the device, which produces various colors based on device surface temperature, expands the cloaking range to the visible spectrum (thus visible‐to‐IR) and ultimately completes day‐and‐night stealth platform simply by controlling device temperature. In addition, the scalable pixelization of the device allows localized control of each autonomous pixel, enabling the artificial skin surface to adapt to the background of the sophisticated pattern with higher resolution and eventually heightening the level of imperceptibility. As this proof‐of‐concept can be directly worn and conceals the human skin in multispectral ranges, the work is expected to contribute to the development of next‐generation soft covert military wearables and perhaps a multispectral cloak that belongs to cephalopods or futuristic camouflage gadgets in the movies.
NHC‐Ni(0) Catalyzed Diastereodivergent Hydroacylative Enyne Cyclization: Synthesis of Heterocycles bearing γ‐Enone
Authors: Yong Xuefeng , Ng Elvis Wang Hei , Zhen Zibo , Lin Xiulian , Gao Weiwei , Ho Chun‐Yu
Published: July 2020

NHC‐Nickel(0) catalyzed 1,3‐ and 1,4‐diastereodivergent hydroacylative heteroenyne cyclization with aldehydes was achieved (Syn‐:Anti‐, switchable from up to 1:99 to 98:2). Both sets of heterocyclic diastereomers are accessible via this route, with a high γ‐:α‐enone structure ratio. Preliminary DFT investigations indicated that the manipulation of the N‐substituent exerts a direct influence on the diastereoselectivity of NHC‐nickelacyclopentene formation. The energy differences associated with the endocyclic bond angle (C−Z−C) changes noted in the calculations, might possibly account for the broad scope and high diastereodivergent selectivity observed.

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