bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers assessing warm ischemic injury using an isolated porcine kidney hemoreperfusion model
Authors: Yang Bin , Hosgood Sarah A , Da Zhanyun , Harper Simon Jf , Waller Helen L , Kay Mark D , Furness Peter N , Nicholson Michael L
Published: January 2013

Prolonged warm ischemia (WI) occurring in marginal kidney donors together with reperfusion injury determines allograft survival, in which apoptosis and inflammation play crucial roles. There is no single valid biomarker, so far, to assess the degree of kidney donor injury. To define new biomarkers for detecting initial donor ischemic injury, caspase-3, caspase-7, apoptosis, inflammation, HSP70 and renal histological changes were examined in porcine kidneys subjected to 7- 15- 25- or 40-min WI, two-hour cold storage and six-hour hemoreperfusion. Caspase-3 activity was gradually increased by prolonged reperfusion, with a decrease trend against WI time. This result was verified by raised 17 kDa active caspase-3 in postreperfusion kidneys, with elevated 12 kDa active caspase-3 and lowered precursor at seven-minute WI. Active caspase-7 was also doubled by reperfusion with decreased precursor at seven-minute WI, but declined against prolonged WI. Apoptotic cells in tubular and interstitial areas were greatly increased by reperfusion at seven-minute WI, but decreased against prolonged WI. In addition, myeloperoxidase (MPO)+ cells were dramatically increased by reperfusion and presented as a bell-shape against WI time, while HSP70 was significantly increased at 7-min WI, but decreased at 40-min WI after reperfusion. In postreperfusion kidneys, tubular dilation and cell shedding were observed at 7- and 15-min WI, while tubular vacuolation and cell debris were found in tubular lumens at longer WI times. At 40-min WI, early nuclear pyknosis, tubular epithelia detachment and peri-tubular capillary dilation were detected. Furthermore, caspase-3, caspase-7, apoptosis, but not MPO+ cells or HSP70, were correlated with renal function. In conclusion, caspase-3, caspase-7 and apoptosis appear to be better biomarkers than MPO+ cells or HSP70 for assessing warm ischemic injury in donor kidneys. Hemoreperfusion activates caspase-3 and caspase-7, promotes apoptosis of damaged cells in kidneys only with limited WI, which might be beneficial to renal structural re-modeling and functional recovery.
A chemoprotective fish oil/pectin diet enhances apoptosis via Bcl-2 promoter methylation in rat azoxymethane-induced carcinomas
Authors: Cho Youngmi , Turner Nancy D , Davidson Laurie A , Chapkin Robert S , Carroll Raymond J , Lupton Joanne R
Published: January 2013

We have demonstrated that diets containing fish oil and pectin (FO/P) reduce colon tumor incidence relative to control (corn oil and cellulose [CO/C]) in part by inducing apoptosis of DNA-damaged colon cells. Relative to FO/P, CO/C promotes colonocyte expression of the antiapoptotic modulator, Bcl-2, and Bcl-2 promoter methylation is altered in colon cancer. To determine if FO/P, compared with CO/C, limits Bcl-2 expression by enhancing promoter methylation in colon tumors, we examined Bcl-2 promoter methylation, mRNA levels, colonocyte apoptosis and colon tumor incidence in azoxymethane (AOM)-injected rats. Rats were provided diets containing FO/P or CO/C, and were terminated 16 and 34 weeks after AOM injection. DNA isolated from paraformaldehyde-fixed colon tumors and uninvolved tissue was bisulfite modified and amplified by quantitative reverese transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to assess DNA methylation in Bcl-2 cytosine-guanosine islands. FO/P increased Bcl-2 promoter methylation (P = 0.009) in tumor tissues and colonocyte apoptosis (P = 0.020) relative to CO/C. An inverse correlation between Bcl-2 DNA methylation and Bcl-2 mRNA levels was observed in the tumors. We conclude that dietary FO/P promotes apoptosis in part by enhancing Bcl-2 promoter methylation. These Bcl-2 promoter methylation responses, measured in vivo, contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms involved in chemoprevention of colon cancer by diets containing FO/P.
Napsin A Expression in Primary Mucin-Producing Adenocarcinomas of the Lung
Authors: Wu Jeffrey , Chu Peiguo G. , Jiang Zhong , Lau Sean K.
Published: January 2013

Immunohistochemical expression of napsin A in primary pulmonary mucinous tumors is not well established. Napsin A immunoreactivity was evaluated in 43 mucin-producing adenocarcinomas of the lung consisting of 18 tumors formerly classified as mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 15 colloid adenocarcinomas, 5 solid predominant adenocarcinomas with mucin production, and 5 adenocarcinomas with signet ring cell features, as well as in 25 extrapulmonary mucinous adenocarcinomas of different anatomic sites. Immunohistochemical expression of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) was also compared. Thirty-three percent of mucinous lung tumors exhibited positive immunoreactivity for napsin A, whereas 42% expressed TTF-1. All 25 extrapulmonary mucinous adenocarcinomas lacked expression of napsin A and TTF-1. Mucin-producing neoplasms of the lung infrequently express napsin A, suggesting that immunohistochemical assessment of napsin A may have limited diagnostic usefulness for distinguishing primary and metastatic mucinous adenocarcinomas involving the lung.
L'algèbre de Hopf et le groupe de Galois motiviques d'un corps de caractéristique nulle, II
Authors: Ayoub Joseph
Published: January 2013

Ceci est le second volet d'une série de deux articles
visant à construire et étudier des groupes de Galois motiviques
dans le cadre des motifs triangulés. Ces groupes de Galois motiviques ont été construits dans le premier volet et leurs algèbres de fonctions régulières ont été
décrites explicitement en termes de formes différentielles ou de cycles algébriques.
Dans le présent article, nous avons regroupé
des compléments importants au premier volet. Dans une première partie, nous
décrivons le lien
entre le groupe de Galois motivique et le groupe de Galois
usuel d'un sous-corps de 𝔻.
Dans une deuxième partie, nous développons les bases d'une
théorie de la ramification pour les groupes de Galois motiviques
en construisant des groupes de décomposition et d'inertie motiviques
associés à une place géométrique. On introduit
également la notion de groupe de Galois motivique relatif
pour une extension

K
/
k

$K/k$

qui mesure la
différence entre les groupes de Galois motiviques de k et K.
Ce dernier s'avère plus accessible que son analogue absolu.
En effet, on montrera que c'est un quotient du complété
pro-algébrique du pro-groupe fondamental
topologique de la pro-variété

hom
k

(
K
,
ℂ
)

$\hom _k(K,\mathbb {C})$

, du moins
lorsque l'extension

K
/
k

$K/k$

est de type fini.
The intrapartum use of antithrombin III in an antithrombin III-deficient patient: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lal Ann K. , Hibbard Judith U.
Published: January 2013

Background: Antithrombin III deficiency is an inherited thrombophilia that places pregnant patients at an increased risk of venous thromboembolism and adverse outcomes in pregnancy. Antithrombin III-deficient patients undergoing obstetric procedures may benefit from antithrombin III infusions during labor and delivery.

Case: The patient is a 32-year-old G2P1000 with known antithrombin III deficiency and factor V Leiden heterozygosity with a prior intrauterine fetal demise. The patient was managed with therapeutic enoxaparin until 37 weeks’ gestation when she was changed to IV heparin and plasma-derived antithrombin III. She underwent successful induction of labor, epidural anesthesia, and had an uncomplicated vaginal delivery.

Conclusion: Plasma-derived antithrombin III can be used intrapartum for successful delivery in a patient with antithrombin III deficiency.
Modellierung und Identifikation von Temperaturfeldern in Mehrzonenöfen
Authors: Bräuer Dirk , Rehkopf Andreas
Published: January 2013

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Modellierung und Identifikation des thermischen Verhaltens von Hochtemperaturanlagen zur Untersuchung von Diffusionsprozessen in flüssigen Metallen. Dabei wird an einem konkreten Anwendungsbeispiel der Aufbau des semidiskreten Finite-Differenzen-Modells erläutert, welches mit möglichst wenig unbekannten Parametern das Temperaturfeld widerspiegelt. Weiterhin wird ein empirisches Verfahren zur Identifikation des stationären und instationären Verhaltens vorgestellt und an der Versuchsanlage überprüft.
Crystal structure of 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2'-bipyridine-6-carboxylic acid- N,N-dimethylformamide (1:0.5), C18H14N2O2·0.5C3H7NO, C39H35N5O5
Authors: Zhang Qiugen , Han Jianzhi , Xie Yu
Published: January 2013

C39H35N5O5, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.576(1) Å, b = 13.220(2) Å, c = 11.931(1) Å, β = 115.075(2)°, V = 1653.9 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0502, wRref(F2) = 0.1567, T = 298 K.
Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze für die fertigungsnahe Qualitätskontrolle mittels optischer 3D-Messtechnik
Authors: Fleischle David , Lyda Wolfram , Gronle Marc , Mauch Florian , Körner Klaus , Osten Wolfgang
Published: January 2013

Aufgabe der Prozesskontrolle ist es, schnell und gezielt einzugreifen, wenn der festgelegte Toleranzkorridor überschritten wird. Gleichzeitig muss darauf geachtet werden, dass die Sensorik keine Funktionsflächen beschädigt. Daher bietet sich der Einsatz optischer Sensoren an, da diese berührungslos arbeiten. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit Konzepten zur fertigungsnahen Überwachung mittels optischer Sensoren, beschreibt deren Vor- und Nachteile und stellt beispielhafte Realisierungen vor.
Sunshine Daycare Center: Growing a Business to Profitability
Authors: Hughes Peggy Ann
Published: January 2013

This case study allows management accounting students to use skills developed in the course. Students practice cost function development and breakeven analysis. Students work in teams to understand the budget and actual results of a small business. They then choose marketing options and integrate the selections into a budget. This is an opportunity to use cost estimation, variance analysis, cost/volume/profit analysis, and budgeting. It also provides practice using Excel in business report formats.
Myocardial Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Overexpression Protects Diabetic Mice From the Development of Lipotoxic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pulinilkunnil Thomas , Kienesberger Petra C. , Nagendran Jeevan , Waller Terri J. , Young Martin E. , Kershaw Erin E. , Korbutt Gregory , Haemmerle Guenter , Zechner Rudolf , Dyck Jason R.B.
Published: January 2013

Although diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with enhanced intramyocardial triacylglycerol (TAG) levels, the role of TAG catabolizing enzymes in this process is unclear. Because the TAG hydrolase, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), regulates baseline cardiac metabolism and function, we examined whether alterations in cardiomyocyte ATGL impact cardiac function during uncontrolled type 1 diabetes. In genetic (Akita) and pharmacological (streptozotocin) murine models of type 1 diabetes, cardiac ATGL protein expression and TAG content were significantly increased. To determine whether increased ATGL expression during diabetes is detrimental or beneficial to cardiac function, we studied streptozotocin-diabetic mice with heterozygous ATGL deficiency and cardiomyocyte-specific ATGL overexpression. After diabetes, streptozotocin-diabetic mice with heterozygous ATGL deficiency displayed increased TAG accumulation, lipotoxicity, and diastolic dysfunction comparable to wild-type mice. In contrast, myosin heavy chain promoter (MHC)-ATGL mice were resistant to diabetes-induced increases in intramyocardial TAG levels, lipotoxicity, and cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, hearts from diabetic MHC-ATGL mice exhibited decreased reliance on palmitate oxidation and blunted peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor-α activation. Collectively, this study shows that after diabetes, increased cardiac ATGL expression is an adaptive, albeit insufficient, response to compensate for the accumulation of myocardial TAG, and that overexpression of ATGL is sufficient to ameliorate diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy.
Activation of Islet Autoreactive Naïve T Cells in Infants Is Influenced by Homeostatic Mechanisms and Antigen-Presenting Capacity
Authors: Heninger Anne-Kristin , Monti Paolo , Wilhelm Carmen , Schwaiger Petra , Kuehn Denise , Ziegler Anette-G. , Bonifacio Ezio
Published: January 2013

Islet autoimmunity precedes type 1 diabetes onset. We previously found that islet autoimmunity rarely starts before 6 months of age but reaches its highest incidence already at ∼1 year of age. We now examine whether homeostatic expansion and immune competence changes seen in a maturating immune system may account for this marked variation in islet autoimmunity risk in the first year of life. We found naïve proinsulin- and GAD65-responsive T cells in cord blood (CB) of healthy newborns, with highest responses observed in children with type 1 diabetes-susceptible HLA-DRB1/DQB1 genotypes. Homeostatic expansion characteristics with increased IL-7 concentrations and enhanced T-cell responsiveness to IL-7 were observed throughout the first year of life. However, the ability of antigen-presenting cells to activate naïve T cells was compromised at birth, and CB monocytes had low surface expression of CD40 and HLA class II. In contrast, antigen presentation and expression of these molecules had reached competent adult levels by the high incidence age of 8 months. We propose that temporal changes in islet autoimmunity seroconversion in infants are a consequence of the changing balance between homeostatic drive and antigen presentation competence. These findings are relevant for early prevention of type 1 diabetes.
β-Cell–Specific Protein Kinase A Activation Enhances the Efficiency of Glucose Control by Increasing Acute-Phase Insulin Secretion
Authors: Kaihara Kelly A. , Dickson Lorna M. , Jacobson David A. , Tamarina Natalia , Roe Michael W. , Philipson Louis H. , Wicksteed Barton
Published: January 2013

Acute insulin secretion determines the efficiency of glucose clearance. Moreover, impaired acute insulin release is characteristic of reduced glucose control in the prediabetic state. Incretin hormones, which increase β-cell cAMP, restore acute-phase insulin secretion and improve glucose control. To determine the physiological role of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), a mouse model was developed to increase PKA activity specifically in the pancreatic β-cells. In response to sustained hyperglycemia, PKA activity potentiated both acute and sustained insulin release. In contrast, a glucose bolus enhanced acute-phase insulin secretion alone. Acute-phase insulin secretion was increased 3.5-fold, reducing circulating glucose to 58% of levels in controls. Exendin-4 increased acute-phase insulin release to a similar degree as PKA activation. However, incretins did not augment the effects of PKA on acute-phase insulin secretion, consistent with incretins acting primarily via PKA to potentiate acute-phase insulin secretion. Intracellular calcium signaling was unaffected by PKA activation, suggesting that the effects of PKA on acute-phase insulin secretion are mediated by the phosphorylation of proteins involved in β-cell exocytosis. Thus, β-cell PKA activity transduces the cAMP signal to dramatically increase acute-phase insulin secretion, thereby enhancing the efficiency of insulin to control circulating glucose.
In Vivo JNK Activation in Pancreatic β-Cells Leads to Glucose Intolerance Caused by Insulin Resistance in Pancreas
Authors: Lanuza-Masdeu Jordi , Arévalo M. Isabel , Vila Cristina , Barberà Albert , Gomis Ramon , Caelles Carme
Published: January 2013

Insulin resistance is a key condition in the development of type 2 diabetes. It is well established that exacerbated Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activity is involved in promoting insulin resistance in peripheral insulin-target tissues; however, this involvement is less documented in pancreatic β-cells. Using a transgenic mouse model, here we show that JNK activation in β-cells led to glucose intolerance as a result of impaired capacity to increase insulinemia in response to hyperglycemia. Pancreatic islets from these mice showed no obvious morphostructural abnormalities or decreased insulin content. In contrast, these islets failed to secrete insulin in response to glucose or insulin but were competent in succinate-, ketoisocaproate-, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX-), KCl-, and tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion. At the molecular level, JNK activation in β-cells inhibited insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, and transcription of insulin-target genes. Remarkably, rosiglitazone restored insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia in mice and insulin-induced insulin secretion and signaling in isolated islets. In conclusion, the mere activation of JNK suffices to induce insulin resistance in pancreatic β-cells by inhibition of insulin signaling in these cells, but it is not sufficient to elicit β-cell death. In addition, we provide the first evidence that thiazolidinediones exert insulin-sensitizing action directly on pancreatic β-cells.
Prevention of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks with multilayered reconstruction using titanium mesh–hydroxyapatite cement cranioplasty after translabyrinthine resection of acoustic neuroma
Authors: Manjila Sunil , Weidenbecher Mark , Semaan Maroun T. , Megerian Cliff A. , Bambakidis Nicholas C.
Published: January 2013

Object

Several prophylactic surgical methods have been tried to prevent CSF leakage after translabyrinthine resection of acoustic neuroma (TLAN). The authors report an improvised technique for multilayer watertight closure using titanium mesh–hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) cranioplasty in addition to dural substitute and abdominal fat graft after TLAN.

Methods

The study was limited to 42 patients who underwent TLAN at University Hospitals Case Medical Center using this new technique from 2006 to 2012. Systematic closure of the surgical wound in layers using temporalis fascia, dural substitute, dural sealant, adipose graft, titanium mesh, and then HAC was performed in each case. Temporalis muscle and eustachian tube obliteration were not used. The main variables studied were patient age, tumor size, tumor location, cosmetic outcome, length of hospitalization, and the incidence of CSF leak, pseudomeningocele, and infection.

Results

Excellent cosmetic outcome was achieved in all patients. There were no cases of postoperative CSF rhinorrhea, incisional CSF leak, or meningitis. Cosmetic results were comparable to those achieved using HAC alone. This cost-effective technique used only a third of the HAC required for traditional closure in which the entire mastoid defect is filled with cement, predisposing to infection. Postoperative CT and MRI showed excellent bony contouring and dural reconstitution, respectively.

Conclusions

The authors report on successful use of titanium mesh–HAC cranioplasty in preventing postoperative CSF leak after TLAN in all cases in their series. The titanium mesh provides a well-defined anatomical dissection plane that would make reoperation easier than working through scarred soft tissue. The mesh bolsters the fat graft and keeps HAC out of direct contact with mastoid air cells, thereby reducing the risk of infection. The cement cranioplasty does not preclude subsequent implantation of a bone-anchored hearing aid.
Early-stage microvascular alterations of a new model of controlled cortical traumatic brain injury: 3D morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy and corrosion casting
Authors: Sangiorgi Simone , De Benedictis Alessandro , Protasoni Marina , Manelli Alessandro , Reguzzoni Marcella , Cividini Andrea , Dell'Orbo Carlo , Tomei Giustino , Balbi Sergio
Published: January 2013

Object

This study was performed to study the microvascular changes that occur during the first 12 hours after traumatic brain injury (TBI) using the corrosion casting technique.

Methods

The authors performed a qualitative and quantitative morphological study of the changes in cerebral vessels at acute (3 hours) and subacute (12 hours) stages after experimental TBI. They used a model of controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury induced by a recently developed electromagnetic device (impactor), focusing their observations mainly on the microvascular alterations responsible for the formation and maintenance of tissue edema and consequent brain swelling during the first hours after TBI. They used corrosion casting, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to obtain a morphological qualitative map with both 2D and 3D details.

Results

Scanning electron microscopy analysis of vascular casts documented in 3 dimensions the typical injuries occurring after a TBI: subdural, subarachnoid, and intraparenchymal hemorrhages, along with alterations of the morphological characteristics and architecture of both medium-sized and capillary vessels, including ectasia of pial vessels, sphincter constrictions at the origin of the perforating vessels, focal swelling of perforating vessels, widening of intercellular junctions, and some indirect evidence of structural impairment of endothelial cells. All of these vascular alterations were confirmed in 2D analyses using light microscopy and TEM.

Conclusions

The corrosion casting–SEM technique applied to a CCI experimental model proved to be a reliable method for studying the pathophysiology of the vascular alterations occurring at acute and subacute stages after CCI injury. It was also possible to obtain topographical localization of the vascular and cellular events that usually lead to hyperemia, edema, and brain swelling. Moreover, by applying informatic software to anatomical images it was possible to perform quantification and statistical analysis of the observed events.
Multidisciplinary staged surgical management of bifrontal meningoencephalocele with long-term follow-up
Authors: Blount Jeffrey P. , Gordon Amber S. , Foreman Paul M. , Grant John H.
Published: January 2013

The authors report on an infant with a bifrontal encephalocele that was associated with multisuture craniosynostosis, spasticity, and a progressively severe epilepsy. They describe the initial presentation, genetic screening results, staged multidisciplinary operative plans, clinical course, complications, and long-term surgical and developmental follow-up. To their knowledge, the comprehensive surgical management of this type of complicated congenital cranial anomaly has not been previously described.

Surgical management was staged and multidisciplinary and required careful attention to all 3 components of the condition: 1) hydrocephalus, 2) frontal meningoencephalocele, and 3) epilepsy.
Endovascular treatment of proximal and distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms
Authors: Chalouhi Nohra , Jabbour Pascal , Starke Robert M. , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Gonzalez L. Fernando , Witte Samantha , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Dumont Aaron S.
Published: January 2013

Object

Surgical clipping of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms can be challenging and carries a potentially significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Experience with endovascular therapy has been limited to a few studies. The authors assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of endovascular therapy in the largest series of proximal and distal PICA aneurysms to date.

Methods

A total of 76 patients, 54 with proximal and 22 with distal PICA aneurysms, underwent endovascular treatment at Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience between 2001 and 2011.

Results

Endovascular treatment was successful in 52 patients (96.3%) with proximal aneurysms and 19 patients (86.4%) with distal aneurysms. Treatment consisted of selective aneurysm coiling in 60 patients (84.5%) (including 4 with stent assistance and 4 with balloon assistance) and parent vessel trapping in 11 patients (15.5%). Specifically, a deconstructive procedure was necessary in 9.6% of proximal aneurysms (5 of 52) and 31.6% of distal aneurysms (6 of 19). There were 9 overall procedural complications (12.7%), 6 infarcts (8.5%; 4 occurring after deliberate occlusion of the PICA), and 3 intraprocedural ruptures (4.2%). The rate of procedure-related permanent morbidity was 2.8%. Complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 63.4% of patients (45 of 71). One patient (1.4%) treated with selective aneurysm coiling suffered a rehemorrhage on postoperative Day 15. The mean angiographic follow-up time was 17.2 months. Recurrence and re-treatment rates were, respectively, 20% and 17.1% for proximal aneurysms compared with 30.8% and 23.1% for distal aneurysms. Favorable outcomes (moderate, mild, or no disability) at follow-up were seen in 93% of patients with unruptured aneurysms and in 78.7% of those with ruptured aneurysms.

Conclusions

Endovascular therapy is a feasible, safe, and effective treatment in patients with proximal and distal PICA aneurysms, providing excellent patient outcomes and adequate protection against rehemorrhage. The long-term incidence of aneurysm recanalization appears to be high, especially in distal aneurysms, and requires careful angiographic follow-up.
Intracranial phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors
Authors: Mathis Derek A. , Stehel Edward J. , Beshay Joseph E. , Mickey Bruce E. , Folpe Andrew L. , Raisanen Jack
Published: January 2013

Hypophosphatemia with osteomalacia may be due to a neoplasm that produces fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), which inhibits phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys. Most of these tumors occur in bone or soft tissue and occasionally in the head, although intracranial occurrence is very rare. This report describes a tumor that caused hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia and was located entirely in the right anterior cranial fossa. Radiologically, the tumor resembled a meningioma; histologically, it was a low-grade phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, mixed connective tissue variant (PMTMCT). After gross-total resection, the patient's symptoms abated and laboratory values normalized. The authors also studied another PMTMCT initially diagnosed as a hemangiopericytoma that involved the left anterior cranial fossa and ethmoid sinus, and reviewed reports of 6 other intracranial tumors that induced osteomalacia, 3 entirely in the anterior cranial fossa, 2 involving the anterior cranial fossa and ethmoid sinus, and 1 in the cavernous sinus. In older children or adults who have hypophosphatemia with osteomalacia and no personal or family history of metabolic, renal, or malabsorptive disease, a neoplasm should be suspected and an imaging workup that includes the brain is warranted, with particular attention to the anterior cranial fossa. Additionally, because there are some overlapping histological features between PMTMCTs and hemangiopericytomas, it may be helpful to assess tumoral FGF-23 expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction or immunohistochemical analysis in patients with oncogenic osteomalacia from an intracranial tumor diagnosed as, or resembling, hemangiopericytoma.
Registration of ‘Henderson’ Soybean
Authors: Weaver David B. , Sharpe Rachel R.
Published: January 2013

‘Henderson’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV‐509, PI 665225) was developed and released by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station in July 2011 as a mid–maturity group VIII (relative maturity 8.3) cultivar with high yield and oil content. Our objective was to develop a conventional (non–genetically modified [GM]) cultivar with high yield adapted to the southeastern United States. Henderson was developed by conventional breeding from the cross ‘NC‐Raleigh’ × G92‐1110 using single‐seed descent generation advance. A single F5:6 progeny row was bulked and tested for yield, agronomic traits, and disease reactions in trials in Alabama and across the southern United States. The average seed yield was significantly greater than for ‘Prichard RR’ in 2006 and 2007, greater than for ‘Cook’ in 2005 and 2006, and greater than for ‘N8001’ in 2008. Seed oil content was significantly higher than for Prichard RR and other checks. Henderson is moderately resistant to southern root‐knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] and susceptible to peanut root‐knot [M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood] and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) races 2, 3, and 14. It is resistant to southern stem canker [caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis Fernández), and Soybean mosaic virus. Because of its high yield and non‐GM status, Henderson is a desirable cultivar for use in conventional or organic systems, as a parent for cultivar development, or for use in countries where GM crops are not allowed.
Registration of ‘Bearpaw’ Wheat
Authors: Carlson G. R. , Berg J. E. , Stougaard R. N. , Eckhoff J. L. , Lamb P. F. , Kephart K. D. , Wichman D. M. , Miller J. H. , Riveland N. R. , Nash D. L. , Grey W. E. , Jin Y. , Kolmer J. A. , Chen X. , Bai G. , Bruckner P.L.
Published: January 2013

‘Bearpaw’ (Reg. No. CV‐1083, PI 665228) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2011. Bearpaw is of unknown pedigree, derived from a composite of five crosses made to the same F1 male sterile parent in 1999: Dominant male sterile (DMS)/‘Rampart’//‘Pronghorn’/3/2*Rampart, DMS/Rampart//Pronghorn/3/Rampart/4/MTW9806, DMS/Rampart//Pronghorn/3/Rampart/4/‘Nuplains’, DMS/Rampart//Pronghorn/3/Rampart/4/MT9513, DMS/Rampart//Pronghorn/3/Rampart/4/MT98113. Bearpaw was developed using a modified bulk‐breeding method and selected as an F5:6 headrow. Bearpaw was tested under the experimental number MTS0721 from 2007 to 2011 in Montana. Quality has been evaluated in multilocation Montana trials since 2007. Bearpaw is a high‐yielding, solid‐stem, semidwarf (Rht‐B1b) HRW wheat cultivar with medium maturity, medium to high test weight and grain protein, and acceptable milling and baking quality. Bearpaw was released for its host‐plant resistance to wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) conditioned by stem solidness, along with short stature and improved yield potential relative to existing solid‐stem cultivars adapted to Montana.
Shark Variable New Antigen Receptor (VNAR) Single Domain Antibody Fragments: Stability and Diagnostic Applications
Authors: Griffiths Katherine , Dolezal Olan , Parisi Kathy , Angerosa Julie , Dogovski Con , Barraclough Miles , Sanalla Abdulmonem , Casey Joanne , González Iveth , Perugini Matthew , Nuttall Stewart , Foley Michael
Published: January 2013

The single variable new antigen receptor domain antibody fragments (VNARs) derived from shark immunoglobulin new antigen receptor antibodies (IgNARs) represent some of the smallest known immunoglobulin-based protein scaffolds. As single domains, they demonstrate favorable size and cryptic epitope recognition properties, making them attractive in diagnosis and therapy of numerous disease states. Here, we examine the stability of VNAR domains with a focus on a family of VNARs specific for apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) from Plasmodium falciparum. The VNARs are compared to traditional monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in liquid, lyophilized and immobilized nitrocellulose formats. When maintained in various formats at 45 °C, VNARs have improved stability compared to mAbs for periods of up to four weeks. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy we demonstrate that VNAR domains are able to refold following heating to 80 °C. We also demonstrate that VNAR domains are stable during incubation under potential in vivo conditions such as stomach acid, but not to the protease rich environment of murine stomach scrapings. Taken together, our results demonstrate the suitability of shark VNAR domains for various diagnostic platforms and related applications.
Microbial Analyses of Ancient Ice Core Sections from Greenland and Antarctica
Authors: Knowlton Caitlin , Veerapaneni Ram , D'Elia Tom , Rogers Scott
Published: January 2013

Ice deposited in Greenland and Antarctica entraps viable and nonviable microbes, as well as biomolecules, that become temporal atmospheric records. Five sections (estimated to be 500, 10,500, 57,000, 105,000 and 157,000 years before present, ybp) from the GISP2D (Greenland) ice core, three sections (500, 30,000 and 70,000 ybp) from the Byrd ice core, and four sections from the Vostok 5G (Antarctica) ice core (10,500, 57,000, 105,000 and 105,000 ybp) were studied by scanning electron microscopy, cultivation and rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial and fungal isolates were recovered from 10 of the 12 sections. The highest numbers of isolates were found in ice core sections that were deposited during times of low atmospheric CO2, low global temperatures and low levels of atmospheric dust. Two of the sections (GISP2D at 10,500 and 157,000 ybp) also were examined using metagenomic/metatranscriptomic methods. These results indicated that sequences from microbes common to arid and saline soils were deposited in the ice during a time of low temperature, low atmospheric CO2 and high dust levels. Members of Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria were the most prevalent bacteria, while Rhodotorula species were the most common eukaryotic representatives. Isolates of Bacillus, Rhodotorula, Alternaria and members of the Davidiellaceae were isolated from both Greenland and Antarctica sections of the same age, although the sequences differed between the two polar regions.
Divergent Roles of Autophagy in Virus Infection
Authors: Chiramel Abhilash , Brady Nathan , Bartenschlager Ralf
Published: January 2013

Viruses have played an important role in human evolution and have evolved diverse strategies to co-exist with their hosts. As obligate intracellular pathogens, viruses exploit and manipulate different host cell processes, including cellular trafficking, metabolism and immunity-related functions, for their own survival. In this article, we review evidence for how autophagy, a highly conserved cellular degradative pathway, serves either as an antiviral defense mechanism or, alternatively, as a pro-viral process during virus infection. Furthermore, we highlight recent reports concerning the role of selective autophagy in virus infection and how viruses manipulate autophagy to evade lysosomal capture and degradation.
Wireworms’ Management: An Overview of the Existing Methods, with Particular Regards to Agriotes spp. (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Authors: Barsics Fanny , Haubruge Eric , Verheggen François
Published: January 2013

Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are important soil dwelling pests worldwide causing yield losses in many crops. The progressive restrictions in the matter of efficient synthetic chemicals for health and environmental care brought out the need for alternative management techniques. This paper summarizes the main potential tools that have been studied up to now and that could be applied together in integrated pest management systems and suggests guidelines for future research.
Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity of Different Varieties of Strawberry and the Antioxidant Stability in Storage
Authors: Li Chunyang , Huang Wu-Yang , Wang Xing-Na , Liu Wen-Xu
Published: January 2013

Total antioxidant capacity of different varieties of strawberry (Ningfeng, Ningyu, Zijin 4, Toyonoka, Benihope, Sweet Charlie) in different developmental stages (including green unripe stages, half red stages, and red ripe stages) was investigated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. In addition, effects of the antioxidant properties of strawberry stored at 4 °C or −18 °C for a period of five months were studied. The results showed that antioxidant capacity of strawberry changed based on tested part, developmental stage, variety, and time of collection. Calyces had significantly higher ORAC values compared with fruits. Strawberry fruits had higher ORAC values during the green unripe stages than the half red stages and red ripe stages. Strawberries got higher ORAC values during short-time storage, and then decreased during long-time storage. Samples stored at −18 °C exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than those stored at 4 °C, while vacuum treatment could further increase ORAC values. The results indicated the potential market role of strawberries as a functional food and could provide great value in preventing oxidation reaction in food processing and storage for the dietary industry.
Steroid Nanocrystals Prepared Using the Nano Spray Dryer B-90
Authors: Baba Koichi , Nishida Kohji
Published: January 2013

The Nano Spray Dryer B-90 offers a new, simple, and alternative approach for the production of drug nanocrystals. In this study, the preparation of steroid nanocrystals using the Nano Spray Dryer B-90 was demonstrated. The particle size was controlled by selecting the mesh aperture size. Submicrometer steroid particles in powder form were successfully obtained. These nanoparticles were confirmed to have a crystal structure using powder X-ray diffraction pattern analysis. Since drug nanocrystals have recently been considered as a novel type of drug formulation for drug delivery systems, this study will be useful for nano-medical applications.
Influence of PET reconstruction para meters on the TrueX algorithm
Authors: Rausch I. F. , Bergmann H. , Dudczak R. , Hirtl A. , Georg D. , Knäusl B.
Published: January 2013

With the increasing use of functional imaging in modern radiotherapy (RT) and the envisaged automated integration of PET into target definition, the need for reliable quantification of PET is growing. Reconstruction algorithms in new PET scanners employ pointspread-function (PSF) based resolution recovery, however, their impact on PET quantification still requires thorough investigation. Patients, material, methods: Measurements were performed on a Siemens PET/CT using an IEC phantom filled with varying activity. Data were reconstructed using the OSEM (Gauss filter) and the PSF TrueX (Gauss and Allpass filter) algorithm with all available products of iterations (i) and subsets (ss). The recovery coeffcient (RC) and threshold defining the real sphere volume were determined for all settings and compared to the clinical standard (4i21ss). PET acquisitions of eight lung patients were reconstructed using all algorithms with 4i21ss. Volume size and tracer uptake were determined with different segmentation methods. Results: The threshold for the TrueX was lower (up to 40%) than for the OSEM. The RC for the different algorithms and filters varied. TrueX was more sensitive to permutations of i and ss and only the RC of the OSEM stabilised with increasing number. For patient scans the difference of the volume and activity between TrueX and OSEM could be reduced by applying an adapted threshold and activity correction. Conclusion: The TrueX algorithm results in excellent diagnostic image quality, however, guidelines for native algorithms have to be extended for PSF based reconstruction methods. For appropriate tumour delineation, for the TrueX a lower threshold than the 42% recommended for the OSEM is necessary. These filter dependent thresholds have to be verified for different scanners prior to using them in multicenter trials.
Un fantôme sur iPhone
Authors: Bondaz Julien
Published: January 2013

Le 23 janvier 2011, à l’occasion du grand magal, la commémoration mouride qui a lieu chaque année dans la ville de Touba au Sénégal, la chanteuse Viviane Ndour photographie avec son iPhone le mausolée de Serigne Fallou Mbacké, figure importante et vénérée de la confrérie mouride, décédé en 1968. Quelques jours plus tard, la star révèle que Serigne Fallou Mbacké est miraculeusement apparu sur l’une des photographies. Or, l’auteur rappelle qu’une telle apparition n’est pas extraordinaire dans le contexte sénégalais. Ce qui est tout à fait nouveau, c’est le rôle joué par les nouvelles technologies de communication dans la production du miracle, dans la diffusion du récit de l’apparition et sa mise en débat et dans la révélation de la supercherie. L’événement et la controverse qu’il suscite soulèvent ainsi de nouvelles questions en anthropologie de la communication.
Le rôle des salons du livre dans la construction de la figure de l’écrivain
Authors: Clerc Adeline
Published: January 2013

Cet article propose d’aborder la question des manifestations littéraires comme lieu où s’ajuste, se négocie et se construit le statut d’écrivain. Le propos prend appui sur une série d’entretiens réalisés principalement auprès de primo-romanciers et d’auteurs bénéficiant d’une renommée relative. Alors que ces derniers sont très peu reconnus par les instances médiatiques et littéraires consacrées (et consacrantes), ils viennent puiser dans les salons du livre régionaux des preuves de leur statut d’auteur. Dès lors qu’il s’agit d’examiner les modalités de présentation de soi et la construction de l’être écrivain, le salon du livre s’avère un terrain d’étude pertinent.
L’écriture inspirée des homo viator contemporains
Authors: Angé Caroline , Deseilligny Oriane
Published: January 2013

L’écriture de blogs mobilise des formes textuelles, des genres littéraires et un imaginaire hérités que les pratiques actuelles rénovent dans le contexte numérique. Le mythe de l’écrivain inspiré nourrit toujours les conseils d’écriture dispensés aux utilisateurs d’outils d’écriture informatisés dans un processus de rénovation qui intègre les modalités contemporaines de recherche d’information et de présentation des formes textuelles à l’écran. À leur tour, les blogueurs puisent dans des genres de discours antérieurs les formes leur permettant de légitimer leur pratique. Les blogs de voyage renvoient par exemple à d’autres genres, notamment le carnet de voyage, le guide touristique, l’épistolaire. L’inspiration est étudiée en ce qu’elle travaille les écritures ordinaires contemporaines dans leur structure et dans leur imaginaire.
La « lettrure » à l’écran
Authors: Souchier Emmanuël
Published: January 2013

Pour nommer l’activité des médias informatisés, l’auteur convoque le terme médiéval de « lettrure » qui rend compte de l’activité duale associant d’un même geste le lire et l’écrire. Dispositifs textuels, les médias informatisés s’inscrivent dans l’histoire de l’écriture. Considérer l’informatique comme une pratique d’écriture est à la base de la théorie des écrits d’écrans et des écrits de réseaux . Si les médias informatisés sont constitués à partir de pratiques textuelles, l’écriture les rend accessibles. Pour écrire à l’écran nous avons besoin d’outils d’écriture – les « architextes » – qui conditionnent notre pratique. Pour la première fois de son histoire, l’homme a recours à des outils d’écriture écrits pour lire et écrire . Ces dispositifs textualisent la pratique sociale . Illustré par l’émergence du mot « ordinateur », le choix des mots met en perspective les rapports de la technique à la langue. Celui d’une terminologie ancrée dans la culture francophone est un acte politique autant que théorique qui permet de réconcilier le corps linguistique avec le corps technique de la culture .
Le cinéma d’Art et Essai : un label de la qualité institutionnelle mis à l’épreuve de l’expertise ordinaire
Authors: Bourgatte Michaël
Published: January 2013

Dans les années 1950, un mouvement de soutien aux formes cinématographiques les plus marginales s’organise et donne naissance à l’expression « cinéma d’Art et Essai », qui fera très vite et indistinctement référence à un certain type de salles et à un certain type de films. Le mouvement est rapidement aidé par les pouvoirs publics. Pour autant, quel crédit peut-on accorder à ce soutien effectivement adossé à certains critères (il porte sur des films de niche, dotés d’un projet artistique ou issus de pays faibles producteurs de cinéma), mais aussi largement arbitraire ? En mêlant une réflexion historique à des résultats d’enquêtes de publics, l’article interroge les mécanismes de mesure de la qualité cinématographique et pose la question du crédit qu’il importe de donner à cette valeur institutionnelle. En effet, la valeur n’est-elle pas plutôt à rechercher dans les succès de fréquentation en salles et dans l’autorité de certains films emblématiques ?
A cross sectional, observational survey to assess levels and predictors of psychological wellbeing in adults with epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Dures Emma , Rumsey Nichola , Morris Marianne , Gleeson Kate
Published: January 2013

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) describes a cluster of genetically determined skin disorders. Symptoms can be painful, disabling and disfiguring, yet there is little research on the psychological impact of the disease. The study aim was to measure psychological wellbeing in adults with EB; and to examine the association between psychological wellbeing and self efficacy, health locus of control and adjustment to appearance in an observational, cross sectional survey. Questionnaire packs comprising the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the General Self Efficacy Scale (GSE), the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLOC), and the Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS-24), were sent to approximately 385 adults with EB. The data were analysed using SPSS. Eighty-seven participants responded. Scores on the GHQ-12 showed non-problematic psychological health in 36% of the sample; levels bordering on clinical disorder in 32.1% and severe psychological distress in 31.9%. No correlations were found between demographic factors (age and sex) or clinical factors (EB type and perceived severity) and psychological well-being. Scores on the GSE, the internal locus of control sub-scale of the MHLOC and the DAS-24 showed them to be statistically significant correlates of psychological wellbeing (P<0.001; P<0.018; and P<0.001 respectively). In a regression analysis, adjustment to appearance and self efficacy accounted for 24% of the variation in psychological wellbeing. Adults with EB might be at risk of experiencing poor psychological health. Interventions designed to enhance disease self management, self efficacy and improve body image are likely to be beneficial in this clinical group.
Using an ILU/Deflation Preconditioner for Simulation of a PEM Fuel Cell Cathode Catalyst Layer
Authors: Lange Kyle J. , Sui Pang-Chieh , Djilali Ned
Published: January 2013

Numerical aspects of a pore scale model are investigated for the simulation of catalyst layers of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Coupled heat, mass and charged species transport together with reaction kinetics are taken into account using parallelized finite volume simulations for a range of nanostructured, computationally reconstructed catalyst layer samples. The effectiveness of implementing deflation as a second stage preconditioner generally improves convergence and results in better convergence behavior than more sophisticated first stage pre-conditioners. This behavior is attributed to the fact that the two stage preconditioner updates the preconditioning matrix at every GMRES restart, reducing the stalling effects that are commonly observed in restarted GMRES when a single stage preconditioner is used. In addition, the effectiveness of the deflation preconditioner is independent of the number of processors, whereas the localized block ILU preconditioner deteriorates in quality as the number of processors is increased. The total number of GMRES search directions required for convergence varies considerably depending on the preconditioner, but also depends on the catalyst layer microstructure, with low porosity microstructures requiring a smaller number of iterations. The improved model and numerical solution strategy should allow simulations for larger computational domains and improve the reliability of the predicted transport parameters. The preconditioning strategies presented in the paper are scalable and should prove effective for massively parallel simulations of other problems involving nonlinear equations.