bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal conductivity of electrospun polyethylene nanofibers
Authors: Ma Jian , Zhang Qian , Mayo Anthony , Ni Zhonghua , Yi Hong , Chen Yunfei , Mu Richard , Bellan Leon M. , Li Deyu
Published: September 2015

Combined structure (a) and property (b) characterization discloses how to fabricate electrospun nanofibers with enhanced thermal condcutivity.
Dereplication of natural products using minimal NMR data inputs
Authors: Williams Russell B. , O'Neil-Johnson Mark , Williams Antony J. , Wheeler Patrick , Pol Rostislav , Moser Arvin
Published: September 2015

A strategy for the dereplication of a complete and a partial structure using 1H NMR, 1H–13C HSQC and 1H–1H COSY spectral data, a molecular formula composition range and structural fragments against a massive database of about 22 million compounds is considered.
Donor–acceptor interaction-driven folding of linear naphthalene–glycol oligomers templated by a rigid bipyridinium rod
Authors: Zhan Tian-Guang , Lu Ben-Ye , Lin Feng , Zhou Tian-You , Zhao Xin , Li Zhan-Ting
Published: September 2015

The construction of folded and helical supramolecular structures through the self-assembly of a series of flexible linear oligomers induced by a rigid rod-like template has been demonstrated.
Revealing the mechanism of Fructus meliae toosendan-induced liver injury in mice by integrating microRNA and mRNA-based toxicogenomics data
Authors: Ji Cai , Zheng Jie , Tong Wei , Lu Xiaoyan , Fan Xiaohui , Gao Yue
Published: September 2015

Fructus meliae toosendan-induced liver injury in mice was investigated by integrating the data from miroRNA and mRNA expression profiles combined with the general toxicological assessments method.
Phenomenon of current occurrence during the motion of a C60 fullerene on substrate-supported graphene
Authors: Shunaev V. V. , Savostyanov G. V. , Slepchenkov M. M. , Glukhova O. E.
Published: September 2015

It was found for the first time that the motion of a fullerene on graphene creates a small current.
Dinuclear salen cobalt complex incorporating Y(OTf)3: enhanced enantioselectivity in the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of epoxides
Authors: Patel Deepak , Kurrey Ganesh Ram , Shinde Sandip S. , Kumar Pradeep , Kim Geon-Joong , Thakur Santosh Singh
Published: September 2015

Yttrium triflate present in dinuclear salen cobalt complex not only shows a promoting effect on electron transfer, but also assists in the asymmetric ring opening of epoxides with water efficiently.
Two-dimensional FTIR correlation spectroscopy reveals chemical changes in dissolved organic matter during the biodrying process of raw sludge and anaerobically digested sludge
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Dai Xiaohu , Dai Lingling , Liu Zhigang
Published: September 2015

2D FTIR COS analysis is a feasible technique to explore the degradation characteristics of sludge organic matter, and supplies the first evidence for the complementarities of anaerobic and aerobic process in sludge organic compound degradation.
Luminescence properties of a novel reddish orange long-lasting phosphorescence phosphor Zn2P2O7:Sm3+,Li+
Authors: Pang Ran , Sun Wenzhi , Fu Jipeng , Li Haifeng , Jia Yonglei , Li Da , Jiang Lihong , Zhang Su , Li Chengyu
Published: September 2015

A new reddish orange long-lasting phosphor was synthesized via incorporating Li+ into Sm3+ activated Zn2P2O7 to modify its trap levels.
A rapid immunomagnetic-bead-based immunoassay for triazophos analysis
Authors: Du Pengfei , Jin Maojun , Yang Lihua , Du Xinwei , Chen Ge , Zhang Chan , Jin Fen , Shao Hua , She Yongxin , Wang Shanshan , Zheng Lufei , Wang Jing
Published: September 2015

Schematic illustration of a direct competitive immunomagnetic-bead-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IMB-ELISA) to detect the triazophos pesticides.
Glutathione-directed synthesis of luminescent Ag2S nanoclusters as nanosensors for copper(ii) ions and temperature
Authors: Kong Lingcan , Liu Wenwei , Chu Xuefeng , Yao Yuyang , Zhu Pengfei , Ling Xia
Published: September 2015

Highly red luminescent Ag2S nanoclusters were synthesized and they show higher sensitivity as nanosensors for copper(ii) ion and temperature.
Palladium-loaded magnetic core–shell porous carbon nanospheres derived from a metal–organic framework as a recyclable catalyst
Authors: Bao Chao , Zhou Lincheng , Shao Yanming , Wu Qiong , Ma Junjun , Zhang He
Published: September 2015

Pd-loaded magnetic porous carbon nanospheres (Fe3O4@MC-Pd) were prepared by annealing Fe3O4@MIL-100/PdCl2, which was fabricated through a facile one-pot solvothermal method, at 450 °C in nitrogen atmosphere.
Water-dispersible near-infrared Ag2S nanoclusters with tunable fluorescence for bioimaging application
Authors: Jia Xiaofang , Li Dan , Li Jing , Wang Erkang
Published: September 2015

Water-dispersed ultrasmall Ag2S nanoclusters (NCs) are prepared directly in aqueous phase via a facile microwave synthesis. The resultant Ag2S NCs with tunable emission from visible to NIR region are promising biological probes for cellular imaging.
Microfluidic generation of graphene beads for supercapacitor electrode materials
Authors: Zang Linlin , Cao Xiaojian , Zhang Yanhong , Sun Liguo , Qin Chuanli , Wang Cheng
Published: September 2015

Three-dimensional (3D) solid or hollow graphene beads (GBs) with an obvious crumpled surface were fabricated by using a microfluidic emulsification device and employed as electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Efficiency increase of organic solar cells with emissive light-in-coupling layers
Authors: Beyer Beatrice , Leo Karl
Published: September 2015

Top-absorbing organic solar cells with a light incoupling layer allowing the exposure of harmful UV irradiation have been fabricated.
Influence of Test Condition on Speech Perception With Electric-Acoustic Stimulation
Authors: Dillon Margaret T. , Buss Emily , Adunka Oliver F. , Buchman Craig A. , Pillsbury Harold C.
Published: September 2015

Purpose

The goal of this work was to better understand speech perception for cochlear implant (CI) users with bilateral residual hearing, including consideration of effects related to listening conditions and test measures. Of interest was the role of acoustic hearing for speech perception in a complex background, the role of listening experience for CI-alone conditions, and whether performance with electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS) was improved by a contralateral hearing aid (HA).

Method

Eleven subjects provided data on Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC; Peterson & Lehiste, 1962) words in quiet, City University of New York (CUNY; Boothroyd, Hanin, & Hnath, 1985) sentences in steady noise, and Bamford-Kowal-Bench (Bench, Kowal, & Bamford, 1979) sentences in multitalker babble. Listening conditions included: CI with a full-frequency map, CI with a truncated-frequency map, EAS, and EAS+HA (EAS plus contralateral HA). Sounds were presented at 0° azimuth.

Results

For CNC words and CUNY sentences, performance was better with the truncated-frequency than the full-frequency map, and performance with EAS was better than for either CI-alone condition. For Bench-Kowal-Bamford sentences, EAS+HA was better than EAS.

Conclusions

As demonstrated previously, performance was better in the EAS condition than either CI-alone condition. Better performance in the truncated-frequency than full-frequency CI-alone condition suggests that listening experience may be important. A contralateral HA improved performance over unilateral EAS under some conditions.
A Randomized Trial of 12-Week Interventions for the Treatment of Developmental Phonological Disorder in Francophone Children
Authors: Rvachew Susan , Brosseau-Lapré Françoise
Published: September 2015

Purpose

This study was designed to test the relative efficacy of different combinations of intervention approaches when targeting speech production accuracy and phonological awareness skills. All children received individual speech therapy, a home program, and a small-group phonological awareness intervention.

Method

Sixty-five 4-year-olds with a developmental phonological disorder received these intervention components in different combinations over 12 weeks, resulting in 4 groups: output-oriented individual intervention and articulation practice home program, output-oriented individual intervention and dialogic reading home program, input-oriented individual intervention and articulation practice home program, and input-oriented individual intervention and dialogic reading home program.

Results

A significant interaction of the individual treatment condition and the home program condition was observed for 2 outcome measures: targeted feature match (which reflected changes in speech production accuracy for features and word shape structures that were targeted in therapy) and explicit phonological awareness skills.

Conclusion

In this context, in which the children received a brief period of direct therapy and a home program component provided sequentially, the most effective strategy was to teach the parents to use treatment procedures at home that were congruent with the direct therapy component.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170246
Fast algorithm for computing cosine number transform
Authors: Lima J.B.
Published: September 2015

A fast algorithm for the computation of a cosine‐like number‐theoretic transform is presented. The method, which corresponds to a finite field extension of a method originally designed for computing real‐valued discrete cosine transforms, is recursive and suitable for VLSI implementation. A general flow diagram for the proposed algorithm is given and shows that, in some specific cases, it can be evaluated using additions and bit‐shift operations only.
Exploiting random convolution and random subsampling for image encryption and compression
Authors: Zhang Yushu , Zhang Leo Yu
Published: September 2015

A new image encoding scheme for simultaneous encryption and compression applications, which is based on random convolution and random subsampling, is proposed. In comparison with the existing joint optical encryption and compression schemes tailored for multiple images, the proposed scheme can process a single image and achieve a robust reconstruction. The scheme with the architecture of double random masks is somewhat similar to double random phase encoding. However, the latter has no compression capability and the proposed scheme remedies this defect.
Temperature sensing in BOTDA system by using artificial neural network
Authors: Azad A.K. , Wang L. , Guo N. , Lu C. , Tam H.Y.
Published: September 2015

The use of an artificial neural network (ANN) for extraction of a temperature profile from a local Brillouin gain spectrum in a Brillouin optical time‐domain analysis fibre sensor system is proposed and demonstrated. An ANN is applied to process the Brillouin time‐domain trace in order to extract the temperature information along the fibre after the data acquisition process. The results show that the ANN provides higher accuracy and larger tolerance to measurement error than Lorentzian curve fitting does, especially for a large frequency scanning step. Hence the measurement time can be greatly reduced by adopting a larger frequency scanning step without sacrificing accuracy.
Broadly tunable, low timing jitter, high repetition rate optoelectronic comb generator
Authors: Metcalf A.J. , Quinlan F. , Fortier T.M. , Diddams S.A. , Weiner A.M.
Published: September 2015

The low timing jitter properties of a tunable single‐pass optoelectronic frequency comb generator is investigated. The scheme is flexible in that both the repetition rate and centre frequency can be continuously tuned. When operated with 10 GHz comb spacing, the integrated residual pulse‐to‐pulse timing jitter is 11.35 fs (1 Hz–10 MHz) with no feedback stabilisation. The corresponding phase noise at 1 Hz offset from the photodetected 10 GHz carrier is −100 dBc/Hz.
Optimal precoding design for non‐regenerative dual‐hop correlated relaying MIMO
Authors: Vinh N.A. , Tran N.N. , Phuong N.H.
Published: September 2015

The optimal precoding design to maximise capacity of spatially correlated dual‐hop non‐regenerative multiple‐input–multiple‐output relaying systems is proposed. The correlated systems generally have additive coloured Gaussian noise at receive terminals and correlated data symbols at the source. Simulation results show that the capacity of the proposed precoding scheme is significantly higher than those of the existing schemes.
Multi‐material additive manufacturing of embedded low‐profile antennas
Authors: Pa P. , Larimore Z. , Parsons P. , Mirotznik M.
Published: September 2015

A low‐profile antenna that includes an integrated artificial magnetic conducting (AMC) ground plane is presented and is fully fabricated using multi‐material additive manufacturing. It is shown that combining standard fused deposition modelling with conductive micro‐dispensing printing enable one to realise mechanically robust antenna systems that contain spatially variable dielectric properties and intricate three‐dimensional conducting networks. To illustrate this capability, a low‐profile antenna is designed, fabricated, and experimentally validated, consisting of a standard 2.6 GHz half wavelength printed dipole, balun, and AMC ground plane.
Frequency multiplexing excitation network for ultra‐wideband coaxial waveguide feeds
Authors: Johnson A.M. , Landecker T.L. , Johnson T. , Veidt B.G. , Du X.
Published: September 2015

A new technique for exciting the TE11 mode in a number of concentric coaxial waveguides is described. The excitation network is log‐periodic and is designed to integrate a frequency multiplexing structure together with suppression of higher order modes (TE21 and TE31). The excitation network enables the implementation of very wide band nested coaxial feeds for reflector antennas where multiple waveguides are fed from a common input port. An excitation network providing continuous coverage over a 1–8 GHz frequency range was built and tested in a three‐band coaxial waveguide feed.
Fixed‐frequency adaptive off‐time controlled buck current regulator with excellent pulse‐width modulation and analogue dimming for light‐emitting diode driving applications
Authors: Li Yan‐Ming , Tong Qian , Yang Xiao‐Bing , Wu Kai‐Kai , Chai Hong , Wen Chang‐Bao , Qiu Yan‐Zhang
Published: September 2015

This study presents an ideal synchronous buck current regulator for variety of light‐emitting diode (LED) loads from wide input voltage range. By using high‐side power switch matched sense, the regulator maintains high current accuracy and high system efficiency. The adjustable current sense threshold provides a full‐range analogue dimming and the fast output enable/disable function allows for high‐frequency pulse‐width modulation (PWM) dimming. In addition, the two dimming methods are easy to implement and have highly linear range. An adaptive off‐time control is adopted to regulate an accurate constant current for its fast response and no need for control loop compensation, while its disadvantage of variation of switching frequency is overcome. The proposed circuit has been fabricated with 0.35 μm 40 V bipolar‐CMOS‐DMOS (BCD) process successfully. The experimental results confirm that the LED driver can operate within 6–40 V input voltage, and can drive a 1–10 output series connected LEDs. The switching frequency is fixed at 500 kHz with a variation of ±2%. The measured system peak efficiency is up to 95% at 1 A LED current and 10 V output voltage. The settling time at the PWM rising edge is <3.5 μs which is well beneficial for fast PWM dimming.
Trends of Posterior Long Segment Fusion with and without Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 in Patients with Scoliosis
Authors: Ruofeng Yin , Cohen Jeremiah R. , Buser Zorica , Yoon S. Tim , Meisel Hans-Joerg , Youssef Jim A. , Park Jong-Beom , Wang Jeffrey C. , Brodke Darrel S.
Published: September 2015

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Objective

Symptomatic scoliosis can be a source of severe pain and disability. When nonoperative treatments fail, spine fusion is considered as an effective procedure in scoliosis management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the trends of patients with scoliosis undergoing posterior long segment fusion (PLSF) with and without recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2).

Methods

Patients within the orthopedic subset of Medicare database undergoing PLSF from 2005 to 2011 were identified using the PearlDiver Patient Records Database. Both diagnosis and procedural International Classification of Diseases, ninth edition and Current Procedural Terminology codes were used. The year of procedure, age, sex, region, and rhBMP-2 use were recorded.

Results

In total, 1,265,591 patients with scoliosis were identified with 29,787 PLSF surgeries between 2005 and 2011. The incidence of PLSF procedures increased gradually from 2005 to 2009, decreased in 2010 ( p < 0 0.01), and grew again in 2011. Patients over age 84 years had the highest incidence of PLSF. The lowest incidence of the procedures was in the Northeast, 5.96 per 100,000 patients. Sex differences were observed with a male-to-female ratio of 0.40 ( p < 0.01). The use of rhBMP-2 for PLSF increased steadily from 2005 to 2009; the numbers dropped dramatically in 2010 and returned by 2011.

Conclusions

According to our study, patients with scoliosis demonstrated a 0.6575 average incidence increase of PLSF treatments annually. There were significant differences in incidence of PLSF procedure and patient demographics. Additionally, rhBMP-2 consumption significantly changed when we stratified it by sex, age, and region respectively.
Demonstrating the saturation of stimulated Brillouin scattering by ion acoustic decay using fully kinetic simulations
Authors: Chapman T. , Winjum B. J. , Brunner S. , Berger R. L. , Banks J. W.
Published: September 2015

The saturation of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) by the decay to turbulence of the ion acoustic wave (IAW) that participates in the three-wave SBS interaction is demonstrated using a quasi-noiseless one-dimensional numerical solution to the Vlasov-Maxwell system of equations. This simulation technique permits careful examination of the decay process and its role in the complex evolution of SBS. The IAW decay process is shown to be an effective SBS saturation mechanism. In our example, the instantaneous plasma reflectivity saturates at ∼30% and drops to ∼0% as a direct consequence of IAW decay. A contrasting example where the reflectivity is controlled by dephasing due to the nonlinear frequency of the IAW is also discussed.
Estimation of mean monthly global solar radiation using sunshine hours for Nairobi City, Kenya
Authors: Onyango A. Omondi , Ongoma Victor
Published: September 2015

This study estimates the total solar radiation potential over Nairobi City. Several theoretical models based on the initial work of Angstrom have been used to estimate the global solar radiations on a horizontal surface for the city, using bright sunshine hours for the period 2004–2014. The models were developed using the 2004–2012 sunshine hours data and validated by comparing with measured values for 2013 and 2014. Dependencies of the models were tested using Mean Bias Error, Root Mean Square Error, the Nash–Sutcliffe Equation and t-statistics. The result of clearness index for Nairobi shows that the sky is clear all year round except during the June-July-August season where KT is less than 0.5. Most models tested in the current studies were able to adequately estimate daily mean monthly global radiation from sunshine duration with Akinoglu and Ecevit model giving the best estimation.
Stiffness modeling of compliant parallel mechanisms and applications in the performance analysis of a decoupled parallel compliant stage
Authors: Jiang Yao , Li Tie-Min , Wang Li-Ping
Published: September 2015

This paper investigates the stiffness modeling of compliant parallel mechanism (CPM) based on the matrix method. First, the general compliance matrix of a serial flexure chain is derived. The stiffness modeling of CPMs is next discussed in detail, considering the relative positions of the applied load and the selected displacement output point. The derived stiffness models have simple and explicit forms, and the input, output, and coupling stiffness matrices of the CPM can easily be obtained. The proposed analytical model is applied to the stiffness modeling and performance analysis of an XY parallel compliant stage with input and output decoupling characteristics. Then, the key geometrical parameters of the stage are optimized to obtain the minimum input decoupling degree. Finally, a prototype of the compliant stage is developed and its input axial stiffness, coupling characteristics, positioning resolution, and circular contouring performance are tested. The results demonstrate the excellent performance of the compliant stage and verify the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical model. The general stiffness models provided in this paper will be helpful for performance analysis, especially in determining coupling characteristics, and the structure optimization of the CPM.
Local analysis of the canonical Hamiltonian model of reduced magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Kaneko Yuta
Published: September 2015

The reduced magnetohydrodynamic equations can be written in non-canonical Hamiltonian form, which can then be transformed into a canonized system through the introduction of Clebsch-like parameterization. In this paper, we present our development of the ordinary differential model of the canonized system in a local domain as well as a strong nonlinear term −Q2J and our comparison of that system with a simple canonized system, including the linearized term −ΔQ (where Q is a Clebsch variable, J is the current density, and Δ is the two-dimensional Laplacian). By the numerical simulations of the obtained ordinary differential model, we observe a rapid growth of the current, J, even under the influence of the vorticity.
Mitigating stimulated scattering processes in gas-filled Hohlraums via external magnetic fields
Authors: Gong Tao , Zheng Jian , Li Zhichao , Ding Yongkun , Yang Dong , Hu Guangyue , Zhao Bin
Published: September 2015

A simple model, based on energy and pressure equilibrium, is proposed to deal with the effect of external magnetic fields on the plasma parameters inside the laser path, which shows that the electron temperature can be significantly enhanced as the intensity of the external magnetic fields increases. With the combination of this model and a 1D three-wave coupling code, the effect of external magnetic fields on the reflectivities of stimulated scattering processes is studied. The results indicate that a magnetic field with an intensity of tens of Tesla can decrease the reflectivities of stimulated scattering processes by several orders of magnitude.
Ag induced electromagnetic interference shielding of Ag-graphite/PVDF flexible nanocomposites thinfilms
Authors: Kumaran R. , Alagar M. , Dinesh Kumar S. , Subramanian V. , Dinakaran K.
Published: September 2015

We report Ag nanoparticle induced Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding in a flexible composite films of Ag nanoparticles incorporated graphite/poly-vinylidene difluoride (PVDF). PVDF nanocomposite thin-films were synthesized by intercalating Ag in Graphite (GIC) followed by dispersing GIC in PVDF. The X-ray diffraction analysis and the high-resolution transmission electron microscope clearly dictate the microstructure of silver nanoparticles in graphite intercalated composite of PVDF matrix. The conductivity values of nanocomposites are increased upto 2.5 times when compared to neat PVDF having a value of 2.70 S/cm at 1 MHz. The presence of Ag broadly enhanced the dielectric constant and lowers the dielectric loss of PVDF matrix proportional to Ag content. The EMI shielding effectiveness of the composites is 29.1 dB at 12.4 GHz for the sample having 5 wt. % Ag and 10 wt. % graphite in PVDF.
Dissipaton Equation of Motion with Controlled Truncation
Authors: Kong Yuan , Zhang Hou-dao , Wang Yi-meng , Xu Rui-xue , Yan YiJing
Published: September 2015

This work aims at a priori accuracy controlled truncation to the dissipaton equation of motion formalism for non-perturbative quantum dissipative dynamics. A new truncation scheme is proposed by adopting the Markovian and high-temperature approximation similar to the Caldeira-Leggett master equation made at the termination level. An accuracy criterion to determine the truncation level is put forward via a Markovianicity analysis. Performances of both the new truncation scheme and the control criterion are illustrated via dynamics simulation of electron transfer systems.
Coherent Control of Multiple 2nd-Order Quantum Pathways
Authors: Gao Fang , Wang Yao-xiong , Cao De-wen , Shuang Feng
Published: September 2015

The manipulation of two 2nd-order quantum pathways has been successfully demonstrated experimentally in atomic Rubidium. This work would explore the coherent control of pathways in the quantum system with N intermediate states connecting the initial and target states. A 4N-block scheme is proposed to control the N 2nd-order pathways which are driven by a weak broadband pulse. The model with N=3 is given as an example to demonstrate our strategy. In this scheme, boundaries of the spectral blocks are functions of the resonant frequencies, and the resonant and non-resonant contributions interfere mutually to achieve the quantum pathway control effectively. The simple strategy may provide a practical choice for pathway manipulation experiments since there are only 2N phase variables to adjust.
Excitation Wavelength Dependence of Photocatalyzed Oxidation of Methanol on TiO2(110)
Authors: Wang Zhi-qiang , Hao Qun-qing , Zhou Chuan-yao , Dai Dong-xu , Yang Xue-ming
Published: September 2015

Post-irradiation temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) has been used to study the photocatalyzed oxidation of methanol on TiO2(110) surface under the irradiation of 360, 380 and 400 nm light. The photocatalytic process initiated by ultraviolet light of different wavelength are similar. Methanol has been photocatalytically converted into formaldehyde, and the released hydrogen atoms transfer to the neighboring twofold coordinated oxygen to form bridging hydroxyls. The reaction rate, however, is strongly wavelength dependent. The reaction rate under 360 nm light irradiation is 4.8 times of that in the case of 400 nm exposure, consistent with a previous femtosecond time-resolved absorption measurement on TiO2 which shows the faster charge carrier recombination in the near-band-gap than the over-band-gap excitation. So far, the underlying factors which govern the excitation wavelength dependence of photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and other photocatalysts remain unclear, and future studies are needed to address this important issue.
Quantum Dynamics of Li+HF/DF Reaction Investigated by a State-to-State Time-dependent Wave Packet Approach
Authors: Li Wen-tao , Chen Mao-du , Sun Zhi-gang
Published: September 2015

Using the reactant coordinate based time-dependent wave packet method, on the APW potential energy surface, the differential and integral cross sections of the Li+DF/HF(v=0, j=0, 1) reactions were calculated over the collision energy range from the threshold to 0.25 eV. The initial state-specified reaction rate constants of the title reaction were also calculated. The results indicate that, compared with the Li+DF reaction, the product LiF of Li+HF reaction is a little more rotationally excited but essentially similar. The initial rotational excitation from j=0 to 1 has little effect on the Li+DF reaction. However, the rotational excitation of DF does result in a little more rotationally excited product LiF. The different cross section of both reactions is forward biased in the studied collision energy range, especially at relatively high collision energy. The resonances in the Li+HF reaction may be identifiable as the oscillations in the product ro-vibrational state-resolved integral cross sections and backward scattering as a function of collusion energy. For the Li+HF reaction, the rate constant is not sensitive to the temperature and almost has no change in the temperature range considered. For the Li+DF reaction, the rate constant increase by a factor of about 10 in the temperature range of 100–300 K. Brief comparison for the total reaction probabilities and integral cross section of the Li+HF reaction has been carried out between ours and the values reported previously. The agreement is good, and the difference should come from the better convergence of our present calculations.
Broad-Range Detection of Water Vapor using Cavity Ring-down Spectrometer
Authors: Chen Bing , Wang Jin , Sun Yu R. , Kang Peng , Liu An-wen , Li Jian-ying , He Xiao-lei , Hu Shui-ming
Published: September 2015

Quantitative measurement of water vapor is essential in many fields including semiconductor industry, combustion diagnosis, meteorology, and atmospheric studies. We present an optical hygrometer based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The instrument is high-vacuum compatible, self-calibrated by using the free-spectral-range of the ring-down cavity made of low-thermal-expansion Invar. Using a single tunable diode laser working at 1.39 µm, detection of trace water vapor in vacuum and in high-purity helium gas, and also determination of humidity at ambient conditions, have been demonstrated. It indicates that the instrument can be used to detect the partial pressure of water vapor in a very broad range from 10−7 Pa to 103 Pa. Such an optical hygrometer can be potentially applied as a primary moisture standard to determine the vapor pressures of water (ice) at low temperatures.
Latin vulgaire, latin familier
Authors: Nedeljković Vojin
Published: September 2015

The author examines the scope and interrelation of two traditional notions concerning non-literary Latin: sermo uulgaris, or plebeius, and sermo familiaris, or cotidianus. While these are really disparate terms, the one designating a sociolect and the other a language register, the author maintains that the old confusion between Colloquial and Vulgar Latin is not merely due to flawed reasoning within an insufficient model of linguistic variation, but rather reflects a fundamental development that took place in the social history of Latin.
The Ontological Semantic treatment of multiword expressions
Authors: McShane Marjorie , Nirenburg Sergei , Beale Stephen
Published: September 2015

This paper describes, and presents a formal evaluation of, the Ontological Semantic approach to automatically analyzing multiword expressions. It shows how multiword expressions can be lexically recorded and processed in the same way as compositional argument-taking words. It suggests that the component modeling strategies are psychologically plausible and hold promise for supporting the development of sophisticated, language-endowed intelligent agents.
Sémantique des énoncés itératifs
Authors: Enjalbert Patrice
Published: September 2015

This article is about the semantics of iterative statements, expressing repetition in time of a type-eventuality. With these statements are associated frequency properties, quantified by iterative adverbs (often, sometimes, sporadically, n times out of p…). Our purpose is to design a formal representation, with a method allowing to compute it from the text. The interpretation of an iterative statement closely relies on its information structure so that we first study precisely the topic-focus partition for a significant range of configurations. In the formal model, the occurrences of iterative eventualities or circumstants are represented by sequences of intervals. The temporal semantic of a sentence is then formalised as an instanciation of generic formulas using two types of generalised quantifiers.
The issue of violence in revolution within Arab secular and Islamic political thought
Authors: Jawad Nazek
Published: September 2015

There seems to be a disparity between the ideas and goals of revolutionaries who struggle to end authoritarian rule and achieve liberty and the violent means they often use to achieve their ends. This paper first addresses how violent revolutions are positioned by secular Arab and Islamic Arab political scholars and, specifically, how they address the question of violence. It explores whether such scholars have been influenced by the French Revolution, and whether or not their thoughts derive from their own political experiences and political reality, or if they have merely been influenced by Western political experiences.
Spectropolarimetry of SN 2011dh in M51: geometric insights on a Type IIb supernova progenitor and explosion
Authors: Mauerhan Jon C. , Williams G. Grant , Leonard Douglas C. , Smith Paul S. , Filippenko Alexei V. , Smith Nathan , Hoffman Jennifer L. , Huk Leah , Clubb Kelsey I. , Silverman Jeffrey M. , Cenko S. Bradley , Milne Peter , Gal-Yam Avishay , Ben-Ami Sagi
Published: September 2015

We present seven epochs of spectropolarimetry of the Type IIb supernova (SN IIb) 2011dh in M51, spanning 86 d of its evolution. The first epoch was obtained 9 d after the explosion, when the photosphere was still in the depleted hydrogen layer of the stripped-envelope progenitor. Continuum polarization is securely detected at the level of P ≈ 0.5 per cent through day 14 and appears to diminish by day 30, which is different from the prevailing trends suggested by studies of other core-collapse SNe. Time-variable modulations in P and position angle are detected across P-Cygni line features. H α and He i polarization peak after 30 d and exhibit position angles roughly aligned with the earlier continuum, while O i and Ca ii appear to be geometrically distinct. We discuss several possibilities to explain the evolution of the continuum and line polarization, including the potential effects of a tidally deformed progenitor star, aspherical radioactive heating by fast-rising plumes of 56Ni from the core, oblique shock breakout, or scattering by circumstellar material. While these possibilities are plausible and guided by theoretical expectations, they are not unique solutions to the data. The construction of more detailed hydrodynamic and radiative-transfer models that incorporate complex aspherical geometries will be required to further elucidate the nature of the polarized radiation from SN 2011dh and other SNe IIb.
Consumption of dietary sugar by gut bacteria determinesDrosophilalipid content
Authors: Huang Jia-Hsin , Douglas Angela E.
Published: September 2015

Gut microorganisms are essential for the nutritional health of many animals, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study investigated how lipid accumulation by adultDrosophila melanogasteris reduced in flies associated with the bacteriumAcetobacter tropicaliswhich displays oral–faecal cycling between the gut and food. We demonstrate that the lower lipid content ofA. tropicalis-colonized flies relative to bacteria-free flies is linked with a parallel bacterial-mediated reduction in food glucose content; and can be accounted for quantitatively by the amount of glucose acquired by the flies, as determined from the feeding rate and assimilation efficiency of bacteria-free andA. tropicalis-colonized flies. We recommend that nutritional studies onDrosophilainclude empirical quantification of food nutrient content, to account for likely microbial-mediated effects on diet composition. More broadly, this study demonstrates that selective consumption of dietary constituents by microorganisms can alter the nutritional balance of food and, thereby, influence the nutritional status of the animal host.
Traffic noise exposure affects telomere length in nestling house sparrows
Authors: Meillère Alizée , Brischoux François , Ribout Cécile , Angelier Frédéric
Published: September 2015

In a consistently urbanizing world, anthropogenic noise has become almost omnipresent, and there are increasing evidence that high noise levels can have major impacts on wildlife. While the effects of anthropogenic noise exposure on adult animals have been widely studied, surprisingly, there has been little consideration of the effects of noise pollution on developing organisms. Yet, environmental conditions experienced in early life can have dramatic lifelong consequences for fitness. Here, we experimentally manipulated the acoustic environment of free-living house sparrows (
Passer domesticus
) breeding in nest boxes. We focused on the impact of such disturbance on nestlings’ telomere length and fledging success, as telomeres (the protective ends of chromosomes) appear to be a promising predictor of longevity. We showed that despite the absence of any obvious immediate consequences (growth and fledging success), nestlings reared under traffic noise exposure exhibited reduced telomere lengths compared with their unexposed neighbours. Although the mechanisms responsible for this effect remain to be determined, our results provide the first experimental evidence that noise alone can affect a wild vertebrate's early-life telomere length. This suggests that noise exposure may entail important costs for developing organisms.
Short linear motif acquisition, exon formation and alternative splicing determine a pathway to diversity for NCoR-family co-repressors
Authors: Short Stephen , Peterkin Tessa , Guille Matthew , Patient Roger , Sharpe Colin
Published: September 2015

Vertebrate NCoR-family co-repressors play central roles in the timing of embryo and stem cell differentiation by repressing the activity of a range of transcription factors. They interact with nuclear receptors using short linear motifs (SLiMs) termed co-repressor for nuclear receptor (CoRNR) boxes. Here, we identify the pathway leading to increasing co-repressor diversity across the deuterostomes. The final complement of CoRNR boxes arose in an ancestral cephalochordate, and was encoded in one large exon; the urochordates and vertebrates then split this region between 10 and 12 exons. InXenopus, alternative splicing is prevalent in NCoR2, but absent in NCoR1. We show for one NCoR1 exon that alternative splicing can be recovered by a single point mutation, suggesting NCoR1 lost the capacity for alternative splicing. Analyses inXenopusand zebrafish identify that cellular context, rather than gene sequence, predominantly determines species differences in alternative splicing. We identify a pathway to diversity for the NCoR family beginning with the addition of a SLiM, followed by gene duplication, the generation of alternatively spliced isoforms and their differential deployment.
Estimating uncertainty and reliability of social network data using Bayesian inference
Authors: Farine Damien R. , Strandburg-Peshkin Ariana
Published: September 2015

Social network analysis provides a useful lens through which to view the structure of animal societies, and as a result its use is increasingly widespread. One challenge that many studies of animal social networks face is dealing with limited sample sizes, which introduces the potential for a high level of uncertainty in estimating the rates of association or interaction between individuals. We present a method based on Bayesian inference to incorporate uncertainty into network analyses. We test the reliability of this method at capturing both local and global properties of simulated networks, and compare it to a recently suggested method based on bootstrapping. Our results suggest that Bayesian inference can provide useful information about the underlying certainty in an observed network. When networks are well sampled, observed networks approach the real underlying social structure. However, when sampling is sparse, Bayesian inferred networks can provide realistic uncertainty estimates around edge weights. We also suggest a potential method for estimating the reliability of an observed network given the amount of sampling performed. This paper highlights how relatively simple procedures can be used to estimate uncertainty and reliability in studies using animal social network analysis.
The unsteady flow due to an impulsively rotated sphere
Authors: Calabretto Sophie A. W. , Levy Benjamin , Denier James P. , Mattner Trent W.
Published: September 2015

We consider the flow induced by a sphere, contained in an otherwise quiescent body of fluid, that is suddenly imparted with angular momentum. This classical problem is known to exhibit a finite-time singularity in the boundary-layer equations, due to the viscous boundary layer, induced by the sudden rotation, colliding at the sphere's equator. We consider this flow from the perspective of the post-collision dynamics, showing that the collision gives rises to a radial jet headed by a swirling toroidal starting vortex pair. The starting vortex propagates away from the sphere and, in doing so, loses angular momentum. The jet, in turn, develops an absolute instability which propagates back towards the sphere's equator. The starting vortex pair detaches from the jet and expands as a coherent (non-swirling) toroidal vortex pair. We also present results of some new experiments which show good qualitative agreement with our computational results.
Ice crystal impact onto a dry solid wall. Particle fragmentation
Authors: Hauk T. , Bonaccurso E. , Roisman I. V. , Tropea C.
Published: September 2015

In this experimental and theoretical study, the impact of non-spherical and spherical ice particles onto a solid surface is investigated. The impact velocity of the particles was varied between 1 and 74 m s−1. The size of the particles ranged from 30 μm to 3.5 mm. The impact target consisted of a tiltable aluminium surface. The impact angles were set to 30° and 90° (normal impact). The impact process was recorded by a high-speed video system. Based on observations, four different fragmentation modes, characterized by different levels of particle damage, were defined. Fragmentation models for the description of the deformation of the particle and the development of cracks within the particle on impact are formulated and validated by the experiments. In particular, the velocity up to which no particle fragmentation occurs, and the maximum velocity up to which minor fragmentation occurs (both significantly dependent on the particle initial size) are well captured by the fragmentation models.
Feeder use predicts both acquisition and transmission of a contagious pathogen in a North American songbird
Authors: Adelman James S. , Moyers Sahnzi C. , Farine Damien R. , Hawley Dana M.
Published: September 2015

Individual heterogeneity can influence the dynamics of infectious diseases in wildlife and humans alike. Thus, recent work has sought to identify behavioural characteristics that contribute disproportionately to individual variation in pathogen acquisition (super-receiving) or transmission (super-spreading). However, it remains unknown whether the same behaviours enhance both acquisition and transmission, a scenario likely to result in explosive epidemics. Here, we examined this possibility in an ecologically relevant host–pathogen system: house finches and their bacterial pathogen,
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
, which causes severe conjunctivitis. We examined behaviours likely to influence disease acquisition (feeder use, aggression, social network affiliations) in an observational field study, finding that the time an individual spends on bird feeders best predicted the risk of conjunctivitis. To test whether this behaviour also influences the likelihood of transmitting
M. gallisepticum
, we experimentally inoculated individuals based on feeding behaviour and tracked epidemics within captive flocks. As predicted, transmission was fastest when birds that spent the most time on feeders initiated the epidemic. Our results suggest that the same behaviour underlies both pathogen acquisition and transmission in this system and potentially others. Identifying individuals that exhibit such behaviours is critical for disease management.
Heterospecific aggression bias towards a rarer colour morph
Authors: Lehtonen Topi K. , Sowersby Will , Wong Bob B. M.
Published: September 2015

Colour polymorphisms are a striking example of phenotypic diversity, yet the sources of selection that allow different morphs to persist within populations remain poorly understood. In particular, despite the importance of aggression in mediating social dominance, few studies have considered how heterospecific aggression might contribute to the maintenance or divergence of different colour morphs. To redress this gap, we carried out a field-based study in a Nicaraguan crater lake to investigate patterns of heterospecific aggression directed by the cichlid fish,
Hypsophrys nicaraguensi
s, towards colour polymorphic cichlids in the genus
Amphilophus
. We found that
H. nicaraguensis
was the most frequent territorial neighbour of the colour polymorphic
A. sagittae
. Furthermore, when manipulating territorial intrusions using models,
H. nicaraguensis
were more aggressive towards the gold than dark colour morph of the sympatric
Amphilophus
species, including
A
.
sagittae
. Such a pattern of heterospecific aggression should be costly to the gold colour morph, potentially accounting for its lower than expected frequency and, more generally, highlighting the importance of considering heterospecific aggression in the context of morph frequencies and coexistence in the wild.
Adult sex ratio, sexual dimorphism and sexual selection in a Mesozoic reptile
Authors: Motani Ryosuke , Jiang Da-yong , Rieppel Olivier , Xue Yi-fan , Tintori Andrea
Published: September 2015

The evolutionary history of sexual selection in the geologic past is poorly documented based on quantification, largely because of difficulty in sexing fossil specimens. Even such essential ecological parameters as adult sex ratio (ASR) and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) are rarely quantified, despite their implications for sexual selection. To enable their estimation, we propose a method for unbiased sex identification based on sexual shape dimorphism, using size-independent principal components of phenotypic data. We applied the method to test sexual selection in
Keichousaurus hui
, a Middle Triassic (about 237 Ma) sauropterygian with an unusually large sample size for a fossil reptile.
Keichousaurus hui
exhibited SSD biased towards males, as in the majority of extant reptiles, to a minor degree (sexual dimorphism index −0.087). The ASR is about 60% females, suggesting higher mortality of males over females. Both values support sexual selection of males in this species. The method may be applied to other fossil species. We also used the Gompertz allometric equation to study the sexual shape dimorphism of
K
.
hui
and found that two sexes had largely homogeneous phenotypes at birth except in the humeral width, contrary to previous suggestions derived from the standard allometric equation.
Classification of strain CCM 4446T as Rhodococcus degradans sp. nov.
Authors: Švec Pavel , Černohlávková Jitka , Busse Hans-Jürgen , Vojtková Hana , Pantu˚ček Roman , Cnockaert Margo , Mašlaňová Ivana , Králová Stanislava , Vandamme Peter , Sedláček Ivo
Published: September 2015

Strain CCM 4446T, with notable biodegradation capabilities, was investigated in this study in order to elucidate its taxonomic position. Chemotaxonomic analyses of quinones, polar lipids, mycolic acids, polyamines and the diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan corresponded with characteristics of the genusRhodococcus. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, assigned strain CCM 4446Tto the genusRhodococcusand placed it in theRhodococcus erythropolis16S rRNA gene clade. Further analysis ofcatAandgyrBgene sequences, automated ribotyping withEcoRI restriction endonuclease, whole-cell protein profiling, DNA–DNA hybridization and extensive biotyping enabled differentiation of strain CCM 4446Tfrom all phylogenetically closely related species, i.e.,Rhodococcus baikonurensis, Rhodococcus qingshengii, Rhodococcus erythropolisandRhodococcus globerulus.The results obtained show that the strain investigated represents a novel species within the genusRhodococcus, for which the nameRhodococcus degradanssp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is CCM 4446T( = LMG 28633T).