bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obstacles of Micro and Small Business Access to Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) Program
Authors: Aristanto Eko , Hidayatullah Syarif , Windhyastiti Irany , Khouroh Umu , Rachmawati Ike Kusdyah
Published: July 2022

This study aims to examine the obstacles of small and micro businesses in accessing credit business programs called Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR). The method of collecting data and information is done by desk documents and interviews with local government officials, personal banks implementing KUR, the poor who still cannot access microfinance and micro and small businesses, along with micro and small business actors who have obtained KUR in 9 districts/cities in Indonesia. The data analysis method uses descriptive analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the results of the AHP, access to services and KUR performance can be improved by taking into account several factors including: prospective debtor prospects, technical service capacity, policies and resources of banking, and macro factors. For research related to the future distribution of Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR), it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study of the impact on the development of micro and small businesses that receive KUR and increase the economic capacity of business actors who receive KUR.
Analysis Inventory For Supporting Materials In Nickel Industry Using Material Requirement Planning Method
Authors: Tola Alimuddin , Vanany Iwan
Published: July 2022

Nickel is one of the resources that is often used by humans with its use increasing from each year. In order to increase nickel production, an integrated and optimum system is needed with carrying out the production and business processes in the one of Indonessian nickel company. To achieve the objectives, system integration between the demand for nickel products and the process of supplying raw materials urgently needed to support nickel processing. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the amount of raw materials and scheduling the availability of raw materials with applying the Material Requirement Planning. Furthermore, to find out the differences in the strategy of ordering raw materials in the system. Order fulfillment strategies (lot sizing) used are level, modified level, and dynamic lot sizing. The level strategy, as the initial strategy of the company, is a strategy that uses inventory as a support with labor made steady and demand is met from inventory. Modified level strategy are formulated to adjust level ordering in dynamic time. The dynamic lot sizing is a strategy of dynamic order quantity and dynamic time order. As for the analysis. The initial level strategy ,that simulate with several equations, shows some overstock and understock condition in the nickel production and material inventory. Its resulted in higher total cost and unfulfill nickel production. The formulation of modified level strategy and dynamic lot sizing can fulfill the material demand with lower total cost.
The environment and kidney health: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Bharati Joyita , Zavaleta-Cortijo Carol , Bressan Tiana , Shingada Aakash , Obrador Gregorio , Sola Laura , Peiris David , Miranda J Jaime , Jha Vivekanand
Published: July 2022

The accelerating environmental degradation as a result of modernisation and climate change is an urgent threat to human health. Environment change can impact kidney health in a variety of ways such as water scarcity, global heating and changing biodiversity. Ever increasing industrialization of health care has a large carbon footprint, with dialysis being a major contributor. There have been calls for all stakeholders to adopt a ‘one health approach’ and develop mitigation and adaptation strategies to combat this challenge. Because of its exquisite sensitivity to various elements of environment change, kidney health can be a risk marker and a therapeutic target for such interventions. In this narrative review, we discuss the various mechanisms through which environmental change is linked to kidney health and the ways that the global kidney health communities can respond to environmental change.
Coreflood-on-a-Chip Investigation of Oil Bank Formation in Low Interfacial Tension Chemical Floods at Favorable and Unfavorable Viscosity Ratios
Authors: Mejia Lucas , Du Yujing , Balhoff Matthew T.
Published: July 2022

An efficient tertiary chemical flood involves the chemicals displacing the oil in a stable manner, so the initially disconnected trapped oil ganglia coalesce into a bank as the flood progresses. However, the location of surfactants and polymers in the core during a chemical flood is difficult or impossible to determine at very fine time and space resolutions. In this work, we bridge this gap by visualizing saturation profiles in a coreflood-on-a-chip, a micromodel that is the same length as a core, and monitoring fluorescent aqueous injectant as displacements occur. We visualize, for the first time, surfactants in and around oil banks at the pore and Darcy scales during low-tension displacements.

We present 12 chemical floods in the coreflood-on-a-chip, imaged at the centimeter scale, including six surfactant and six alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) floods at low, intermediate, and high initial water saturations. Additionally, we present a micron-scale visualization of an ASP flood under UV light to observe the distribution of surfactant around an oil bank at the pore scale. We found that oil banks formed even during very unfavorable displacements, when surfactant solution (1 cp) displaced oil (80 cp) in a micromodel at intermediate and residual oil saturations. Although our results show saturation profiles are mostly well described by fractional flow theory, the distribution of injected aqueous phase is not. Significant aqueous injectant, including surfactant, flows within and ahead of oil banks.
A New Identity-Based Encryption Scheme for Secure Sharing of Medical Data in the Cloud Using Blockchain
Authors: Shamsabadi Fatemeh Alidadi , Chehelcheshmeh Shaghayegh Bakhtiari , Alipour Majid
Published: July 2022

With the development of information technology (IT), electronic health (e-health) systems are used as a common approach to record patients' medical data. Given that medical information is an essential asset of individuals and the health system, there are severe concerns about secure sharing and preserving this information's privacy. In this paper, we propose a new identity-based encryption (IBE) method by bilinear pairings to ensure the confidentiality of patients' data and their privacy in cloud health systems; in this way, this plan also provides authentication for users using challenge-response mechanisms. In addition, the proposed scheme, using blockchain techniques, ensures integrity and precise access control for shared data. The correctness of the proposed protocol is verified, and its security is formally proven in the standard model. The implementation of our scheme is performed in Java, and the results show that the proposed scheme reduces the computational overhead compared to previous similar methods.
Leveraging Replacement Algorithm for Improved Cache Management System
Authors: Srivast Swapnita , Singh P.K.
Published: July 2022

Cache memory is now a buzzword of technology arena. The main monology of the cache memory is to be representing the main re-security system of money for getting arrangement with the prototype-based currency. There is the secondary methodology of cache memory by which the visioning of the hardware area will remain same but processing will be continuing with the décor of software. In suppose, software is the forest and the hardware’s are the trees but to deploy the actual model of the security system of cache memory we need to determine the forest with due respect to trees. We need see the real vision of the tree’s for engaging the forest. Cache memory is being to represent the real time computing system of computer science. Cache memory is one of the fastest saving of computer science. It is the bridge between the central processing unit and the random-access memory. It collects the data in a short period and remove the obstacles of the information’s for restoring the data as far the information of the money is being to be collected. This one actually conflicts the frequency of the data and the interactions of information. This research actually based upon the cache management system of the cache memory system.
Novel Data Transmission Schemes for Inter-WBAN Networks using Markov Decision Process
Authors: Roy Sathi , Roy Moumita , Chowdhury Chandreyee
Published: July 2022

This work proposes a stochastic model of the coordinator units of each wireless body area network (WBAN) in a multi-WBAN scenario. In a Smart Home environment, multiple patients can come in vicinity of each other while each of them are wearing a WBAN configuration for monitoring of body vitals. Thus, while multiple WBAN coexists, the individual WBAN coordinators require adaptive transmission strategies in order to balance between maximizing the likelihood of data transmission and minimizing the chances of packet loss due to inter-BAN interference. Accordingly, the proposed work is divided into two phases. In the offline phase, each WBAN coordinator is modelled stochastically and the problem of their transmission strategy has been modeled as a Markov Decision Process(MDP). The channel conditions, buffer status that influence the transmission decision are taken to be the state parameters in MDP. The formulation is solved offline, prior to deployment of the network to find out the optimal transmission strategies for various input conditions. Such transmission policies for inter-WBAN communication are then deployed in the coordinator nodes in the post deployment phase. The work is simulated using Castalia and the results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed scheme in handling both favorable and unfavorable operating conditions.
NamSor's performance in predicting the country of origin and ethnicity of 90,000 researchers based on their first and last names
Authors: Sebo Paul
Published: July 2022

Objective: We aimed to evaluate NamSor’s performance in predicting the country of origin and ethnicity of researchers based on their first and last names.Methods: We selected the 22 countries whose researchers authored at least 1000 medical publications in 2020 and whose percentage of migrants was <2.5% in 2020. Using PyMed, a Python library that gives access to PubMed, we extracted all publications in 2021 whose first authors were affiliated with universities or research institutes in the selected countries (N=89,906 articles). We calculated the proportion of misclassifications (=errorCodedWithoutNA) and the proportion of non-classifications (=naCoded) for three variables available in NamSor: “continent of origin” (Asia/Africa/Europe), “country of origin” and “ethnicity”. We created two other variables: “continent#2” ("Europe" replaced by "Europe/America/Oceania") and “country#2” ("Spain" replaced by “Spain/Hispanic American country” and "Portugal" replaced by "Portugal/Brazil"). We repeated the analyses by removing all results with accuracy<50%.Results: For the full sample and the subsample, errorCodedWithoutNA was, respectively, 17.0% and 13.4% for “continent”, 6.7% and 3.6% for “continent#2”, 28.3% and 20.3% for “country”, 20.7% and 12.2% for “country#2”, and 21.2% and 15.7% for “ethnicity”, whereas naCoded was zero and 18.3% for all variables, except for “ethnicity” (zero and 10.9%).Conclusions: NamSor is accurate in determining the continent of origin of individuals, especially when using the modified variable and/or restricting the analysis to names with inference accuracy ≥50%. The risk of misclassification is higher with country of origin or ethnicity, but decreases, as with continent of origin, when using the modified variable (country#2) and/or the subsample.
A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of community perceptions of flu and COVID-19 vaccines at Turtle Creek Primary Care Center
Authors: Murali Anjana , Sojati Jorna , Levochkina Marina , Pressimone Catherine , Griffith Kobi , Fan Erica , Dakroub Allie
Published: July 2022

Background: Influenza (flu) and COVID-19 vaccination rates are subpar across the US, especially in racial and/or socioeconomic minority groups who are understudied in public health literature. The objective of this study was to elucidate the attitudes of Turtle Creek patients towards flu and COVID-19 vaccines, with the goal of establishing targetable vaccine education gaps and ultimately increasing vaccine uptake in the community.Methods: This study was conducted as a retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Authors completed 123 patient phone surveys of patients cared for at the Turtle Creek Primary Care Center inquiring about flu and COVID-19 infection status and vaccination uptake (August 26 - October 10, 2021).Results: Our data revealed a significant association between COVID-19 and flu vaccine acceptance. Additionally, we found a strong association between vaccine acceptance and age, with older patients being more likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Using multivariable logistic regression models, we assessed how flu and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was affected by informational sources participants trusted most. In the COVID-19 models, those who cited “trusting medical professionals” had higher odds of vaccine acceptance while participants who cited “trusting social media” had significantly decreased odds of vaccine acceptance.Conclusion: Our study revealed significant trends for flu and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance by sociodemographic factors and trust in the medical system. Using these data, we can create future interventions to overcome vaccine hesitancy.
A Global Survey of the application of Sea-Level Projections
Authors: Hirschfeld Daniella , Behar David , Nicholls Robert , Cahill Niamh , Bell Rob , Campo Matthew , Esteban Miguel , Goble Bronwyn , Horton Benjamin , James Thomas , Portman Michelle E. , Rahman Munsur , Addo Kwasi Appeaning , Chundeli Faiz , Aunger Monique , Babitsky Orly , Beal Anders , Boyle Ray , Fang Jiayi , Gohar Amir , Hanson Susan , Southampton Saul University of , Kim MJ , Lohmann Hilary , McInnes Kathleen , Mimura Nobuo , Ramsey Doug , Wenger Landis , Yokoki Hiromune
Published: July 2022

Including sea-level rise (SLR) projections in coastal adaptation is increasingly recognized as crucial. Here we analyze the first global survey on the use of SLR projections comprising 253 coastal practitioners engaged in adaptation/planning from 49 countries with time frames of 2050 and 2100. While recognition of the threat of SLR is almost universally recognized, only 71% of respondents currently utilize SLR projections. Generally, developing countries have lower levels of utilization. There is no global standard in the use of SLR projections: for locations using a standard structure, 53% are planning for a single projection, while the remainder are using multiple projections, with 13% considering an unlikely high-end scenario. Countries with long histories of adaptation and consistent national support show greater assimilation of SLR projections into adaptation decisions. This research proves insightful for improving sea-level science, and informs important ongoing efforts on the application of the science which are essential to promote effective adaptation.
Multi-omic analysis reveals formation mechanism of square stems of Chimonobambusa utilis Keng f.
Authors: Jiang Qian qian , Gao Wenli , Zhang Yanping , Yan Yan , Lu Changqing , Ding Zhangchao , Yu Min , Gao Junlan , Zhou Liang , Liu Shengquan
Published: July 2022

Different from the normal circular-stem plants, the Chimonobambusa utilis presents an unusual square-like culm. Bamboo culms can alter its shape by adjusting the expression patterns of genes for appealing different living conditions. However, underling mechanism for biomolecular function and regulation patterns of square-like culm is still absurd. Multi-omics analysis can be applied for revealing its molecular biological mechanism. In our study, phenotypic analysis suggested that change of stem wall thickness (STW) showed a trend of corner region (CR) > side region (SR), and fibre wall thickness (WT) showed a trend of SR > CR. It has been showed that there is an intrinsic correlation between Lignin content and cell wall thickness. Based on the anatomical features, FTIR spectroscopy analysis suggested that the relative lignin content at SR was higher than CR. It suggested that the deposition of lignin at CR and SR was different with each other. Therefore, the phenotypic analysis combined with transcriptome and metabolome were performed for identifying differential expressed genes and the relative metabolic pathways. Transcriptome results suggested that lignin biosynthesis related genes were up-regulated at SR. Metabolome results suggested that lignin precursors at SR accumulated more that CR and significantly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis KEGG pathway. These findings indicate that lignin accumulation that has a great possibility for change, leading to change of lignin content at different circumferential positions accordingly. It is suggested a coherence in phenotypic, chemical components, transcriptome, metabolome analysis. It is concluded that lignin biosynthesis related genes were up-regulated at SR which caused lignin biosynthesis precursors accumulated more at SR, leading to lignin content at SR was higher than at CR. After that, in position of the SR, cells have been enlarged. For those, the stem changed from its morphology from circle to square. The findings manifest the regulation mechanism of lignin related genes on the square-like stem. The analysis method provides an innovative means for revealing the molecular biological mechanism involved in the formation of non-circular plant.
Anaesthetic efficacy and influence on cardiovascular parameters change of intraosseous computerized anaesthesia versus inferior alveolar nerve block anaesthesia in acute irreversible pulpitis of mandibular molars: study protocol for a prospective randomised controlled trial
Authors: Laham Amany , Clouet Roselyne , Valle Gilles Amador del , Gaudin Alexis , Prud'homme Tony
Published: July 2022

Background: Irreversible pulpitis is a highly painful inflammatory condition of the dental pulp. The recommended care is the removal of the coronal pulp (pulpotomy) for emergency treatment in multi-rooted teeth. However, achieving adequate analgesia in the case of mandibular molars presents many difficulties according to the dental literature. Intraosseous computerized anaesthesia (ICA), in particular, the Quicksleeper™ system has already been demonstrated to be clinically efficient, but ICA is known to increase the heart rate reversibly in a manner that depends on the speed of injection. Therefore, accelerated heart rate was examined as a potential adverse effect of this injection. This trial aims to compare the cardiovascular effects and the anaesthetic efficacy of ICA versus inferior alveolar nerve block anaesthesia (IANB) in acute irreversible pulpitis of mandibular molars.Methods: This study is a non-inferiority prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind, two-group trial conducted at the Nantes University Hospital. The study design included two parallel arms at a ratio of 1:1 that will allocate seventy-two patients into two groups: the first group will receive QuickSleeper™ intraosseous anaesthesia; the second will receive an inferior alveolar nerve block before emergency treatment (pulpotomy). This study will include patients requiring emergency dental care under local anaesthesia with confirmed irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molars. The primary outcome is the time taken for the fluctuations in the cardiovascular parameters to return to baseline values during endodontic treatment in two different anaesthetic techniques. The secondary outcomes include efficacy of the technique, patient’s pain perception before and after care, any post-operative effects, and factors associated with the delay of recovery of cardiovascular parameters between the 2 anaesthetic techniques.Discussion: This trial will evaluate the factors associated with heart rate increase during local anaesthesia administration. The use of blood pressure and cardiovascular measurements can be considered an asset and additional safety in managing local anaesthesia through the early detection of signs of potential adverse events (AEs) in particular with patients whose medical condition (Cardiac Rhythm Disorders) suggests caution in administering anaesthesia.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03802305 registered January 14, 2019. (Version n° 1.2; 5 November 2021)
Effect of redox conditions on the release of dissolved organic matter and nutrients at the sediment-water interface and the role of microbes
Authors: Bao Tianli , Wang Peifang , Wang Chao , Hu Bin
Published: July 2022

The dynamics of nutrients are closely related to microbial activities and substantially influenced by the redox conditions. This study conducted an incubation experiment on sediment under different redox conditions. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured to investigate the release of nutrients from the sediment. An excitation-emission matrix and PARAFAC analysis were used to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM). The structure of microbes and functional genes were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Oxic conditions decreased the NH4+ and NO2− concentrations and reduced the increases in total nitrogen and DOC concentrations. Oxic conditions also exhibited a higher alpha diversity index and microbial community abundance. Regarding functional genes, the expression levels of nitrification genes (amoA) increased under all redox conditions, especially under oxic and original conditions, which explained the removal of ammonia nitrogen. Higher expression levels of nitrite-reducing genes (nirK and nirS) were found in oxic environments owing to the abundant NO3− supply. The expression of the anammox gene (hzo) is stimulated in anoxic environments, which contributes to the lack of oxygen and a higher concentration of NH4+.
Development and Initial Validation of The Addressing Client Needs with Social Determinants of Health survey (ACN: SDH)
Authors: Johnson Kaprea F
Published: July 2022

Background
The purpose of this study was to validate a survey that can be used by healthcare systems, educators, and researchers to assess healthcare provider SDOH competency; with competency defined as their knowledge, awareness-biases, skills, and actual preparedness to address SDOH challenges.
Methods
An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted with a sample of 220 healthcare providers, and 6 factors were identified. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted with 303 healthcare providers and the 6-factor solution was supported, with 22 items.
Results
The reliability estimates for the 6 factors are as follows: Factor 1, Action Toward Addressing SDOH (a = .848); Factor 2, SDOH Knowledge (a = .944); Factor 3, Negative Attitude toward Addressing SDOH (a = .790); Factor 4, Systemic Accountability (a = .808); Factor 5, School Preparation (a = .863); and Factor 6, Perception of the Cause of SDOH (a = .940).
Conclusion
The ACN:SDH scale is the first validated measure that can be used to systematically appraise healthcare provider SDOH competency.
The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chuang Tzung-Fang , Hung Chin-Tun , Hung Hung-Chang , Yeh Jeo-Ting , Pai Jar-Yuan
Published: July 2022

Background
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Newly developed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been proven to be effective against infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. The vaccines are safe for patients with CKD, with only sporadic cases of nephrotic syndrome or acute kidney injury (AKI) having been reported following COVID-19 vaccination. However, the causal relationship between vaccines and AKI remain to be identified. To our knowledge, no cohort study has investigated the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on renal function in patient with CKD. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to investigate changes in renal function after vaccination.
Methods
318 CKD patients with CKD in stage 3 to 5 received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine protein creatinine ratio (UPCR) were measured between before and after vaccination and compared with relevant values in the previous year (control period).
Results
The average changes in eGFR between before and after COVID-19 vaccination and during the control period were 1.52 ± 0.63 (SEM) and − 0.95 ± 0.74 mL/min/1.73m2, respectively. The mean difference was 2.47 mL/min/1.73m2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69–4.25; p = 0.007). The average changes in UPCR between before and after COVID-19 vaccination and during the control period were 296.16 ± 73.35 and 40.32 ± 51.30 mg/g, respectively. The mean difference was 336.48 mg/g (95% CI, 165.14–507.83; p < 0.001).
Conclusions
COVID-19 vaccination could result in increased eGFR and UPCR in patients with CKD.
Vertex dominated superconductivity in intercalated FeSe
Authors: Acharya Swagata , Katsnelson Mikhail , Schilfgaarde Mark
Published: July 2022

Bulk FeSe becomes superconducting below 9K, but the critical temperature Tc is enhanced almost universally by afactor of ∼4-5 when it is intercalated with alkali elements. How intercalation modifies the structure is known from in-situ X-ray and neutron scattering techniques, but why Tc changes so dramatically is not known. Here we show that the enhancement originates mainly from modifications of the pairing vertex in the particle-particle channel. Thus, intercalated FeSe provides an archetypal example of superconductivity where information derived from the single-particle electronic structure is not sufficient to account for the origins of superconductivity, even when they are computed including correlation effects.
Microvesicles released from ectopic endometrial foci as a potential biomarker of endometriosis
Authors: Kajdos Magdalena , Szymański Jacek , Jerczyńska Hanna , Stetkiewicz Tomasz , Wilczyński Jacek
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Angiogenesis is engaged in endometriosis. It is regulated by regulatory factors and cytokines, transported in microvesicles. The purpose was to investigate the presence of MVs with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP – 9) in peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid of women operated on for endometrioma or teratomaMaterial and method: Microvesicles (MVs) were determined in blood samples and peritoneal fluid samples collected from women aged 20-60 years operated on for endometriosis (test group) and teratoma (control group). The final investigations were performed on 47 patients, who qualified for the study based on the meticulous inclusion criteria. MVs were analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS) using annexin V, antibodies for molecules characteristic of cells from endometriosis foci (keratin 18 (K18), CD105, CD146), and antibodies for intraepithelial vascular growth factor VEGF and metalloproteinase - 9 (MMP - 9). The sample was double “reading” using flow cytometry (FACSCantoII). Results: Cytometry analysis confirmed MVs’ presence in plasma and peritoneal fluid collected from patients with both endometriosis and teratomas. A statistically significant higher level of AnnexinV (+) MVs were observed in plasma samples of endometriosis patients. In the control group, there was a higher percentage of double-positive VEGF (+) / MMP9 (+) and single MMP9 (+) positive MVs in the serum. In the peritoneal fluid higher frequency of double-positive VEGF (+),/MMP9 (+) MVs were found in the control group. However, the amount of VEGF (+) / MMP9 (+) MVs object did not enable to differentiate between the test and control groups. The study was the first, in which MVs were confirmed in plasma and peritoneal fluid in benign adnexa tumors. Conclusion: Microvesicles are present in peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid samples collected from patients with endometriosis and teratomas. Microvesicles with proangiogenic factors (VEGF and MMP-9) are more abundant in blood and peritoneal fluid samples from patients with teratomas.
Antiarrhythmic properties of Botulinum toxin A: in vitro studies on human and rat cardiomyocytes
Authors: Nizamieva Aygul , Frolova Sheida , Slotvitsky Mihail , Kovalenko Sandaara , Tsvelaya Valeria , Nikitina Anna , Sergeevichev David , Agladze Konstantin
Published: July 2022

Botulinum toxin A is well known as a neurotransmitter inhibitor with a wide range of applications in modern medicine. In recent years, botulinum toxin preparations have begun to be used in clinical trials to suppress cardiac arrhythmias, especially in the postoperative period. Its antiarrhythmic action was associated with inhibition of the nervous system of the heart, while the question of a direct effect on the heart tissue remained unclear. In our work, we investigated the effect of botulinum toxin both on isolated cardiac cells and on layers of cardiac cells capable of conducting excitation. As an object of research, cardiomyocytes of neonatal rat pups and human cardiomyocytes obtained by the method of cell reprogramming were used. A patch-clamp study showed that botulinum toxin inhibited fast sodium current and L-type calcium current in a dose-dependent manner, with no apparent effect on potassium currents. It was shown by optical mapping that in the presence of botulinum toxin, the propagation of the excitation wave in the layer of cardiac cells slows down sharply, conduction at high concentrations becomes chaotic, but reentry waves do not form. It was found that the combination of botulinum toxin with a preparation of chitosan has an order of magnitude stronger inhibitory effect. It has been shown that the inhibitory effect of botulinum toxin is not permanent and disappears after 12 days of cell culture in a botulinum toxin-free medium.
Prevalence of antenatal depression and associated factors of continuous three trimesters depression: A multicentre study in Chengdu, China
Authors: Huang Xiuhua , Wang Ying , Wang Yuqiong , Guo Xiujing , Zhang Ling , Wang Wenxia , Shen Jing
Published: July 2022

Background
Antenatal depression (AD) is a major depressive disorder during pregnancy, which may lead to devastating sequelae for the expectant mothers and infants. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of (AD), and to explore influence factors of AD among pregnant women of continuous three trimesters in Chengdu, China.
Methods
The prospective study included pregnant women who were in their first, second and third trimester pregnancy and were recruited from four maternity hospitals by using the method of stratified and convenient sampling from March 2019 to May 2020 in Chengdu, China. These women completed questionnaires that included the Chinese validated versions of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and questions related to health status, cognition, and soci-demographic variables to measure AD. The chi-square test and multivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze.
Results
A total of 4560 pregnant women were recruited, 1051 women completed the whole study. The prevalence of depression symptoms during the first, second and third trimesters were 32.92% (346/1051), 19.79% (208/1051) and 20.46% (215/1051), respectively. During all stages group depression (77), the relations with parents-in-law, the marital relationship, and recent major negative life events, fear about dystocia and taking care of baby were the independent influencing factors of the depression (P < 0.05) compared with no risk depression group (571). The marital relationship, and recent major negative life events, fear about dystocia and the father desired sex of the baby (male) were the independent influencing factors of the depression (P < 0.05) compared with the depression of any one trimester (268). The father desired sex of the baby (male) was the independent influencing factors of the depression (P < 0.05) compared with the depression of any two stages (135).
Conclusion
The incidence and levels of depression in the first trimester of pregnancy are the highest. Therefore, it’s important to focus on the psychological status of pregnant women, especially the first trimester. The study suggested it’s necessary to establish a good marital relationship, to have the confidence of childbirth, and change the attitude of the father desired sex of the baby (male).
Optimization of reinjection well placement in the fault-controlled hydrothermal system using numerical simulation
Authors: Yao Yahui , Xiang Hong , Jia Xiaofeng
Published: July 2022

Geothermal tail water reinjection is an effective measure to maintain the sustainable production of geothermal resources and prevent the problems of geological environment. In order to avoid excessive thermal breakthrough and pressure drop of the geothermal reservoir, it is very necessary to optimize the distance between the production and reinjection wells. Here in this work, based on the conceptual model of hydrothermal genesis in Yanggao-Tianzhen Basin, a fault-controlled hydrothermal system, optimization of reinjection well placement has been conducted by using numerical simulation which incorporates all the geological and physical processes. Considering the different distance and upstream and downstream positions of production and reinjection wells, the temperature field evolution of the geothermal reservoir and the water pressure evolution in the production well were compared under each case condition. The temperature field evolution revealed that the shorter distance between production and injection wells, the faster the thermal breakthrough. When the reinjection well is located in the upstream of the production well, the thermal breakthrough will be faster than in the downstream. The water pressure evolution in the production well showed that the water level of the production well decreased insignificantly during the simulation time. It is found that the reservoir pressure can be basically maintained conditional on the whole geothermal tail water is reinjected. Based on the above research results, it is better to place the reinjection well at 1km in downstream of the production well. The findings are helpful for the sustainable exploitation of geothermal reservoir.
Are Thermotolerant and Osmotolerant Characteristics of Acanthamoeba Species an Indicator of Pathogenicity?
Authors: Kahraman Merve , Polat Zübeyda Akın
Published: July 2022

Acanthamoeba species are amoebae commonly found in nature. Acanthamoeba species were classified using the 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequence and have been divided into 23 genotypes called T1-T23 to date. The aim of this study is to compare the osmotolerance and thermotolerance characteristics of Acanthamoeba strains isolated from environmental and keratitis cases among genotype groups, within species with the same genotype, and to evaluate the relationship between pathogenicity in Acanthamoeba strains with T4, T5, T11 and T12 genotypes. In this study, after axenic cultures of 22 Acanthamoeba strains with T4 (Neff, A, B, D, E), T5, T11 and T12 genotypes isolated from clinical and environmental samples, thermotolerance (37°C, 39°C and 41°C) was determined and osmotolerance (0.5, 1 M) tests were performed. As a result; All strains showed growth ability at both 37°C and 0.5 M osmolarity. While all 5 strains isolated from patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis showed growth ability at 37 oC and 0.5 M osmolarity, no growth was detected at 41 oC and 1 M osmolarity. When the tolerance characteristics of the strains with the same genotype were evaluated, the strains with the T5 and T4E genotypes exhibited the same characteristic. When Acanthamoeba strains with T4 genotype were evaluated in general, 31.25% of the strains were found to grow at 39 oC and 6.25% at 41 oC. While the strain with the T11 genotype grew at all temperatures, the strain with the T12 genotype did not grow at 41 oC. According to our research results, we believe that tolerance to 39 oC and 1M mannitol is not an indicator of pathogenicity. In order to clarify this issue, more studies with Acanthamoeba strains are needed.
RAC1: Comprehensive Analysis of Genetic Alteration, Prognostic and Immunological Role Over Tumor Profiles
Authors: Wu Qionghui , Li Yonghong , Wang Chenyu , Chen Shanlin , Wei Haidong , Zhou Juanping , Chen Wei , Chen Deyi , Zhang Zhenchang , Su Gang
Published: July 2022

Background
RAC1 is involved in many physiological processes such as cytoskeleton regulation, and is highly related to the occurrence and development of various tumors. The global characterization of RAC1 in different tumor backgrounds is necessary to understand the mechanism of RAC1 involved in tumor progression
Methods
Based on the data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibu (GEO), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and so on, this paper comprehensively expounded the expression and prognosis of RAC1 in different tumors, and further analyzed the effects of genetic changes (gene mutation, epigenetic changes) of RAC1 on expression and immune infiltration on prognosis.
Results
RAC1 was highly expressed in most tumors and was associated with poor prognosis. Gene mutation, alternative splicing events and methylation of RAC1 may affect the abnormal expression of RAC1 in tumors. Interestingly, we found that RAC1-related immune cell infiltration was consistent between endothelial cells and fibroblasts, and RAC1-related macrophage infiltration in LIHC and LUAD was consistent with poor patient outcomes.
Conclusions
We have enriched the tumor-promoting role of RAC1 in different tumor profiles as a whole and speculated the intrinsic link, providing a basis for the search for potential biomarker.
Complications of Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Primary Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lian Qiang , Lian Yun , Yang Qinfeng , Li Kunlian , Zheng Yiqiao , Shi Zhanjun , Wang Jian
Published: July 2022

Background: Limited information exists comparing the perioperative complications of the different inflammatory arthropathies (IAs) after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Our study was aimed to (1) compare perioperative complications and (2) determine the most common complications between the different IA subtypes compared with patients with primary osteoarthritis（OA） undergoing primary THA and （3）find whether the difference in postoperative complications also exists between different IA after THA.Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample ((NIS) was used to identify patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and primary OA undergoing unilateral THA between 2005 and 2014. Preoperative diagnosis, comorbidities, and postoperative complications were determined using the International Classification of Disease Clinical Modification version 9 codes. The prevalence of perioperative complications was compared between patients with IA and primary OA and between patients with different IA.Results: When compared with patients with primary OA, patients with RA had significantly more postoperative surgical and medical complications. Yet there are just several medical complications differences exist between PA and primary OA or AS and primary OA, including stroke and acute renal failure for psoriatic arthritis and urinary tract infection and pneumonia for AS. What is more, there were also several differences in perioperative medical complications seen in patients with different IA.Conclusion: Except for patients with RA, the differences in perioperative complications was small between patients with IA and primary OA and between patients with different types of IA.
Improved Whale Algorithm for Economic Load Dispatch Problem in Hydropower Plants and Comprehensive Performance Evaluation
Authors: Yang Kun , Yang Kan
Published: July 2022

A novel method for economic load dispatch problem (ELDP) based on improved whale optimization algorithm(IWOA) is presented, and the optimization performance of IWOA in ELDP was evaluated comprehensively. The search mechanism is modified to improve the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimal. The adaptive nonlinear inertia weight is introduced to improve the convergence speed of the algorithm. A limited mutation mechanism is proposed to improve the convergence of the algorithm. The evaluation indicator of calculation time and calculation accuracy was established. Taking 26 units of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station as an example, limited adaptive genetic aigorithm (LAGA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) were used to solve ELDP. The result shows that IWOA is superior to other algorithms in calculation results of various heads and loads. The calculation accuracy of IWOA was better than WOA when the number of units turned on was more than 8. The analysis results of IWOA and DP show that the calculation time of IWOA is better than that of DP when the number of units turned on is more than 6. The IWOA and the evaluation indicators proposed in this paper provide a new way for solving ELDP of large hydropower stations.
Mutator-derived lncRNAs drive genomic instability and represent a kind of prognostic marker for glioma
Authors: Li Shenglun , Chen Yujia , Guo Yuduo , Xu Jiacheng , Wang Xiang , Ning Weihai , Ma Lixin , Qu Yanming Qu , Zhang Mingshan Zhang , Zhang Hongwei
Published: July 2022

Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in brain and it has abundant long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), However, the specific role of lncRNAs and its mechanism in glioma remain unclear. LncRNA is a valuable cancer biomarker and they have been reported to be involved in genomic instability. Moreover, lncRNAs related to genomic instability has not been reported in glioma. In this study, we performed a prognostic model constructed with genomic instability-associated lncRNAs and further validated it with mutation correlation analysis, model comparison, independent prognostic value analysis, clinical stratification, examination of the external data set and cell line validation. This model provides us with a new kit for evaluating the prognosis of glioma.
Quantitative evaluation of changes in lower limb skeletal muscle activity after 3 months of continuous foot intrinsic muscle training: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kanayama Tomoyuki , Nakase Junsuke , Mochizuki Takafumi , Asai Kazuki , Yoshimizu Rikuto , Kimura Mitsuhiro , Yanatori Yusuke , Kinuya Seigo , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: July 2022

Foot rock-paper-scissors and towel gathering exercises are widely used for isometric strengthening of the intrinsic foot muscles. We performed an initial trial and reported that foot rock-paper-scissors and towel gathering exercises had effects on the skeletal muscles associated with the medial longitudinal arch and toe pressure force, respectively. However, there are no quantitative reports of interosseous muscle activity after continuous training. Using positron emission tomography, we quantitatively evaluated differences in skeletal muscle activity with these exercises. Eight university student athletes were included in the study (four in the foot rock-paper-scissors group and four in the towel gathering group) and trained for 3 months. They underwent positron emission tomography before and after training. Toe pressure strength and vertical jump were measured. Regions of interest were defined in 25 muscles. The standardized uptake value in the trained limb was compared with that in the non-trained control limb. Foot rock-paper-scissors exercises initially work medially, and with continuation, it affects the intrinsic muscles of the foot, including the lateral longitudinal arch muscles. Continuation of towel gathering exercise improves the toe pressure force and vertical jump. Since these two exercises target different skeletal muscles, it is necessary to train them according to their respective purposes.
Development of a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses along with associated satellite DNAs
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Lager Priya , Kumar Yogesh
Published: July 2022

Begomoviral diseases are one of the major factors behind economic losses in agriculturally important crops. Begomoviruses are transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and are often found to be associated with alphasatellites and betasatellites. Rapid, reliable and early detection methods are invaluable in developing control strategies against these viruses. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay was developed for simultaneous detection of monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses along with the associated satellites. Symptomatic leaves of different plant species were used for begomovirus and satellite detection. Primer pairs for each component were designed using reference sequences from GenBank. The primer pairs were designed in such a way that the amplicons differ at least 100bp in size. Amplicons of ~ 185bp, ~ 290bp, ~ 420bp and ~ 685bp were obtained in the mPCR that correspond to betasatellite, DNA-A, alphasatellite and DNA-B respectively. Identities of the viral and satellite components were confirmed by sequencing of the amplicons obtained in mPCR. This mPCR assay can be used for rapid and simultaneous detection of begomovirus genomic components and associated satellites.
Integration of metabolism and regulation reveals rapid adaptability to growth on non-native substrates
Authors: Nair Nikhil , Trivedi Vikas , Sullivan Sean , Choudhury Debika , Gopinarayanan Venkatesh Endalur , Hart Taylor
Published: July 2022

Engineering synthetic heterotrophy (i.e., growth on non-native substrates) is key to efficient bio-based valorization of various renewable (e.g., lignocellulosic biomass) and waste (e.g., plastics) substrates. Among these, engineering hemicellulosic pentose utilization has been well-explored in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) over several decades but genetic factors that constrain maximum growth rate remain elusive. Through a systematic analysis (flux balancing, directed evolution, functional genomics, and network modeling), we find that once the global regulatory response is appropriately remodeled, wild-type-like growth profiles can be achieved with minimal metabolic engineering effort. This indicates that intrinsic yeast metabolism is highly adaptable to growth on non-native substrates. We identified that extrinsic factors – specifically, genes that direct flux of pentoses into central carbon metabolism – are rate-limiting. We also find that deletion of endogenous genes to promote growth demonstrates inconsistent outcomes that are genetic-context- and condition-dependent. For the most part, these knockouts also lead to deleterious pleiotropic effects that decrease the robustness of strains against inhibitors commonly found in lignocellulosic hydrolysate. Thus, perturbation of intrinsic factors (e.g., metabolic, regulatory genes) provides incremental and inconsistent benefits at best and at worst, is detrimental. Not only do the findings and approach described here expedite the design-build-test cycle but also simplify the engineering process. Overall, this work provides insight into the limitations and pitfalls to realizing efficient synthetic heterotrophy and provides a novel paradigm to engineer the same.