bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
László Tusnády’ye Göre Yunus Emre’nin Manevi Dünyası ve Sanatının Etkileri
Authors: ARSLAN Hüsnü Çağdaş
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmada, 18 yıldır aylık süreli yayın olarak çıkan sivil, kültürel ve sosyal içerikli Macarca Búvópatak dergisinin 2019 yılı 5. (Mayıs) sayısında László Tusnády tarafından yazılan “Török versek -Yunus Emréről, az Ómagyar Mária-siralom idejéből” (“Türkçe şiirler – Yunus Emre’den, Eski Macarca Meryem’in Yası zamanından”) adlı yazı konu edilmiştir. Macarca yazı, derginin 15-19. sayfaları arasında, her sayfada çift sütun olacak şekilde yazılmıştır. XIII. yüzyılda Anadolu’da yaşamış, mutasavvıf Türk şairi Yunus Emre, sevgi öğretisini yaydığı şiirleriyle yalnızca Türk-İslâm dünyasını değil farklı kültür ve inançtan toplumları da etkilemiştir. Bu etkinin anlatıldığı, XXI. yüzyılın Hristiyan Batılı anlayışıyla yakın zamanda yazılmış en güzel örneklerden biri Tusnády’nin makalesidir. Yunus Emre, Doğu’nun ve Batı’nın düşünsel kaynaklarının ve mirasının tam ortasında Anadolu’da, ilahi özü arayan bir derviş-şairdir. Onun sanatında teoloji ve felsefe birleşir. Burada, Tusnády’nin Batılı Hristiyan ancak Macarlığını koruyan, Türkçe bilen ve Türk-İslâm medeniyetine aşina bir yazar olarak, mekândan ve zamandan bağımsız, evrensel ölçekte Yunus Emre’nin düşünce yapısını ve etkisini nasıl ele aldığı aktarılmıştır.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 8, no. 8, octubre 1981
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: January 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
An Analysis of the Effect of Saturday Home Football Games on Physical Use of University Libraries
Authors: Sewell Kerry
Published: January 2022

Objective – Library science literature lacks studies on the effect of external events on the physical use of libraries, leaving a gap in understanding of would-be library patrons’ time use choices when faced with the option of using the library or attending time-bound, external events. Within academic libraries in about 900 colleges and universities in the US, weekend time use may be affected by football games. This study sought to elucidate the effect of external events on physical use of libraries by examining the effect of Saturday home football games on the physical use of the libraries in a large, academic institution.
Methods – This study used a retrospective, observational study design. Gate count data for all Saturdays during the fall semesters of 2013-2018 were collected for the two primary libraries at East Carolina University (main campus’ Academic Library Services [ALS] and Laupus, a health sciences campus library), along with data on the occurrence of home football games. The relationship between gate counts and the occurrence of home football games was assessed using an independent samples t-test.
Results – Saturday home football games decreased the gate count at both ALS and Laupus. For ALS, the mean physical use of the library decreased by one third (34.4%) on Saturdays with a home game. For Laupus, physical use of the library decreased by almost a quarter (22%) on Saturdays with a home game.
Conclusion – Saturday home football games alter the physical use of academic libraries, decreasing the number of patrons entering the doors. Libraries may be able to adjust staffing based on reduced use of library facilities during these events.
Generation 1.5 and Academic Libraries: Strategies for Supporting English Learners (ELs) in Reference and Instruction
Authors: Marchese Megan Margino
Published: January 2022

Background – Compared to native English speakers, English Learners (ELs) often face additional barriers to academic success. Though typically competent in social English, Generation 1.5 ELs struggle with academic English at the postsecondary level and are still considered to be in the process of learning English. As colleges become increasingly linguistically diverse, academic librarians must adapt to support the growing numbers of ELs in the campus community.
Objective – This paper aims to provide academic librarians with information on the scope of English Learners in K-12 through postsecondary education, academic challenges of Generation 1.5 students at the postsecondary level, and strategies that librarians can employ to support English learners in the contexts of reference and instruction.
Methods – The author searched journals in the disciplines of academic libraries, higher education, Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL), and linguistics. Additional resources searched include education data and statistics, research institute publications, and English as a New Language (ENL) teaching resources. These sources were explored in regard to the topics of EL educational statistics, K-12 ENL programs, ENL pedagogy, ELs in postsecondary education, Generation 1.5 students, ELs’ academic challenges and educational needs, and academic libraries and ELs.
Results – A review of the literature on ELs in academic libraries, particularly Generation 1.5 students, reveals that Generation 1.5 is a population that is in need of support at the postsecondary level. Because Generation 1.5 students often hold strong social English skills, they may enter college without an EL designation or specialized academic support. However, research shows that Generation 1.5 students struggle with college-level academic English, specifically in grammar and vocabulary. These challenges impact students’ communicative success both in college classroom and library environments.
Conclusion – Academic librarians may adopt pedagogical strategies commonly employed in ENL classrooms to use in reference and instruction environments. Techniques include themes such as awareness of language use and reinforcement of content, and require low-stakes implementation into library practice. Though librarians may be unaware of the language learning needs of their students, such strategies have shown to be useful for all students. Because techniques that are helpful to ELs also typically benefit all students, these strategies are also applicable to native English speakers.
Librarians Are Interested in Finding Research Collaborators
Authors: Kaari Jennifer
Published: January 2022

A Review of:
Tran, N. Y., & Chan, E. K. (2020). Seeking and finding research collaborators: An exploratory study of librarian motivations, strategies, and success rates. College & Research Libraries, 81(7), 1095. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.81.7.1095
Abstract
Objective – To explore research collaboration among librarians, including librarians’ motivations for collaboration, methods for finding collaborators, and how they perceive the success of these methods.
Design – Online survey questionnaire.
Setting – N/A
Subjects – A total of 412 librarians took the survey, and 277 respondents completed the entire survey. 
Methods – The researchers developed a survey using Qualtrics, including questions focused on whether respondents had sought research collaboration, factors that motivated them to collaborate, methods they used for finding collaborators, and success rates of these methods. Demographic questions were also included. 
Main Results – The survey results indicated that librarians are very interested in research collaboration, with 91.8% of respondents answering that they had sought collaborators, were currently collaborating, or were interested in seeking collaborators in the future. The top motivating factor for seeking collaboration was to gain expertise that the respondent lacked. The most common strategy for finding collaborators was through a respondent’s current or past place of employment, and this method was rated as extremely successful by more than 50% of respondents. Demographically, 70.1% of respondents worked in academic libraries. 
Conclusion – The results of this study indicate that research collaboration is of interest to librarians at a higher rate than previously observed. These results can help inform initiatives to support and promote collaboration in library and information science research, as well as provide a groundwork for further research in this area.
What Has Changed Since 2015? A New and Expanded Update on Copyright Practices and Approaches at Canadian Post-Secondaries
Authors: Graham Rumi , Winter Christina
Published: January 2022

Objective – The aim of this study is to update our understanding of how Canadian post-secondary institutions address copyright education, management, and policy matters since our last survey conducted in 2015. Through the new survey, we seek to shed further light on what is known about post-secondary educational copying and contribute to filling some knowledge gaps such as those identified in the 2017 statutory review of the Canadian Copyright Act.
Methods – In early 2020, a survey invitation was sent to the person or office responsible for oversight of copyright matters at member institutions of five Canadian regional academic library consortia. The study methods used were largely the same as those employed in our 2015 survey on copyright practices of Canadian universities.
Results – In 2020, respondents were fewer in number but represented a wider variety of types of post-secondary institutions. In general, responsibility for copyright services and management decisions seemed to be concentrated in the library or copyright office. Topics covered and methods used in copyright education remained relatively unchanged, as did issues addressed in copyright policies. Areas reflecting some changes included blanket collective licensing, the extent of executive responsibility for copyright, and approaches to copyright education. At most participating institutions, fewer than two staff were involved in copyright services and library licenses were the permissions source most frequently relied on “very often.” Few responded to questions on the use of specialized permissions management tools and compliance monitoring.
Conclusion – Copyright practices and policies at post-secondary institutions will continue to evolve and respond to changes in case law, legislation, pedagogical approaches, and students’ learning needs. The recent Supreme Court of Canada ruling on approved copying tariffs and fair dealing provides some clarity to educational institutions regarding options for managing copyright obligations and reaffirms the importance of user’s rights in maintaining a proper balance between public and private interests in Canadian copyright law.
Fertility and Household Welfare in Nigeria: A Time Series Econometric Approach
Authors: Oyedele Ovikuomagbe
Published: January 2022

This study examines the effect of fertility levels on household welfare in Nigeria during the period from 1980 to 2020. Using data from the World Development Indicators for 2021, the estimation process began with a unit root test for the stationarity of the variables. A bounds cointegration test showed the presence of a long-run relationship between household consumption expenditure and fertility, but the result was inconclusive when real GDP per capita was used as a welfare proxy. The ARDL model was employed and the results showed that fertility had a negative, significant effect on household consumption per capita only in the short run. The effect was from previous years thereby showing a lagged effect. However, when welfare is measured using real GDP per capita, there were both short-run and long-run effects, such that Kuznets’ hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped relationship was obtained in the short run. In the long run, however, the relationship becomes U-shaped, implying that there is the possibility of a demographic dividend in the long run. Fertility policies must endeavor to control for the immediate or short-run negative effects of rising fertility rates and make deliberate plans to engage the future large working population in order to reap the possible demographic dividend.
Demarcation of Groundwater Potential Zones Using Geospatial Technology in Edappadi Block, Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: M Santhosh , V Thirukumaran
Published: January 2022

Groundwater is one of the world's most valuable resources, which contributes 85% of drinking water supplies. It is imperative to explore ground-water zone for the utilization to the people. Edappadi block in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, is rocky terrain largely depends on groundwater for drinking and irrigation. One of the most useful tools for locating ground water potential zones is remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS). Different types of thematic maps, such as lithology, geomorphology, drainage density, slope, lineament, and land use/land cover, can be easily created by visual interpretation of IRS-1C, LISS-III data and maps are prepared using GIS. The water potential zones are determined using a rank and weightage approach. In order to demarcate the water potential zones, the vector overlay method is used. Lithology is given more weight than geomorphology, followed by lineament density, lineament frequency, lineament intersection, slope and land use/land cover. Based on the overall results, the potential zone of groundwater in the research region is divided into five groups: Excellent, Very Good, Good, Moderate, and Poor.
Green Chemistry and Process Intensification: Milestones on a Sustainable Development
Authors: Ghernaout Djamel , Elboughdiri Noureddine , Lajimi Ramzi
Published: January 2022

As a philosophical support, green chemistry (GC) becomes at present well-combined into the scientific system to assist scientists and engineers consider how to decrease or remove waste and avert the employment and formation of hazardous substances in the design phase of chemicals. Such design attempts in turn affect the full life-cycle of the chemical, from getting the starting materials until the end-use product is recycled or disposed of. There is a considerable advance noted in such direction during the last three decades, this review focuses on GC research. As a comparatively fresh technique, revision in process intensification (PI) is fast and investigation could rapidly lead to outstanding outcomes. However, numerous features of PI could take more time to be fact. Much of the study stays in academic and industrial laboratories, even if large-scale implementations of micro-reactors are actuality. Fields of PI enterprise that have progressed quickly are the expansion of carbon capture techniques, an increasing interest in GC, and the beginning of momentous study into connecting solar energy to intensified methods like chemical reactions. Electric fields (e.g., microwaves and ultrasound) are observed in larger usages, and the application of electrokinetic forces at the micro- and nanoscale persist to fascinate. Huge investigations are working for the sake of ideas like the perfect reactor. PI remains a motif leading to attain a sustainable society. This work may be an orientation in the investigation of product development and design, production and application, in a constructive and stimulating way.
Chemical Variations of Thermally Modified Wild-Grown Bambusa Vulgaris Schrad.Ex J.C. Wendl from Nigeria
Authors: O B Olajide , O Y Ogunsanwo , L O Aguda , LT Oriire
Published: January 2022

Determining the variation of chemical properties of thermally treated Bambusa vulgaris is important to provide the information of the responses of the chemical constituents to the bamboo modification against biodegradation. This research was therefore conducted to determine the chemical properties of thermally modified Bambusa vulgaris. Two hundred and seventy (30 x 2 x 0.5 cm) bamboo strips dimension were thermally modified in a heat-chamber at 100, 110, 120, 130 and 140 °C each, for 10, 20 and 30 minutes, under constant pressure (220 N/m2) in factorial arrangement in completely randomised design with 5 replicates. Unmodified strips served as control. Chemical characteristics (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash contents) were determined using standard procedures. The mean variation range of the control to 140°C/30 minutes of the thermally modified samples is as follows; the cellulose value ranged from 46.46±0.11% to 42.19±0.18%, hemicellulose from 35.59±0.10% to 31.80±0.01%, lignin from 29.11±0.12% to 26.17±0.13%, ash from 0.92±0.02% to 0.63±0.01%; the study also revealed that there were decrease in each chemical constituent value varies from a lower to a higher temperature and time regime proportionally except in the lignin content. Increase in temperature and time of thermal modification reduced the chemical characteristics of Bambusa vulgaris which resulted to reduction in the level of sugar contents (cellulose) of bamboo which enables it to be less attractive to both fungi and termite attack hence extending the service life of bamboo in use.
Methylene Blue and Iron (II) Adsorption onto Raphia Hookeri Seed: A Comparative Equilibrium Isotherm Study
Authors: Tarbuka P. F , Gumus R. H
Published: January 2022

In this study, activated carbon prepared from Raphia hookeri seed was employed as an adsorbent to take up methylene blue (an organic ion-in-solution) and iron (II), a metal ion-in-solution. The biosorbent was prepared using chemical activation using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as an impregnating agent. Calibration was performed with a focus on the change in the adsorbate concentration. The equilibrium isotherms study was conducted by considering a range of sorbate concentrations, to determine the optimal conditions for the adsorption systems. The same sorbate volume (10 ml), and the same dosage (0.3g) of biosorbent were used for both adsorption processes. Linear analysis was used to compare the best-fitting isotherms. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were tested. The highest coefficient of determination values (R2) for both iron (II) and Methylene blue was obtained from the Langmuir isotherm as 0.9266 and 0.9572, respectively, compared to values from the other isotherms tested – indicative of Langmuir isotherm’s superior fit. Estimated values of ‘separation factor’, KR, for Methylene blue (0.29457), however, was lower than that of iron (II) (0.42141) - an indication that the sorbent treats methylene blue better than iron (II), though both processes are feasible.
The Impact of Social Knowledge on the Efficiency of the Financial Markets: A Case Study on the Erbil Stock Exchange
Authors: Nanakali Susan Omer Othman , Agha Dilshad Aziz , Othman Mustafa Farooq
Published: January 2022

This study was designed to investigate the factors that can have an impact on the efficiency of financial markets, and the Erbil Stock Exchange was chosen as a case study. The researchers sought to evaluate the level of social knowledge by concentrating on certain dimensions which have a direct influence on the public’s perspective regarding financial markets – namely religion, culture and economic awareness – and the number of people participating in the sale and purchase of stocks and shares. This study tested the hypotheses by applying some statistical analyses, and the outputs are detailed in the tables, figures and factors. According to the results, the efficiency of the stock market is affected by monthly income, culture and religion, and public experience. It was also found that there is no difference in perspective between men and women regarding investing in the stock market. This is supported by the hypothesis test results, which indicated that there is no correlation between gender and economic awareness, number of participators, culture, and religion. The results of the factor analyses show that there is a significant correlation between religion, culture, economic awareness and the number of people participating and social knowledge, and that these factors significantly affect the efficiency of the stock market.
Do Performance-Based Pay and Pay Competitiveness Moderate the Relation Between Lower-Level Employees Total Compensation and Job Satisfaction? Evidence from South Korea
Authors: Park Jisung , Ok Chiho
Published: January 2022

Decades of international multidisciplinary studies have examined how compensation affects employees and organizations, but they neither specify the boundary conditions for employee job satisfaction nor differentiate the effects of pay on job satisfaction of employees at differing tiers within an organization. We explore whether performance-based pay and pay competitiveness moderate the relation between total compensation and job satisfaction among lower-level employees in South Korea. To investigate boundary conditions for that relation, we use performance-based pay and pay competitiveness as variables that tie compensation structure to job satisfaction. Drawing from data for 2,281 employees at 470 South Korean firms, we consider how two variables—incentive compensation and pay competitiveness—influence job satisfaction of lower-level employees. First, we confirmed a positive relationship between compensation and job satisfaction, and second, we found that the relationship is stronger among employees of firms where average compensation is below what is paid elsewhere.
Does an Exchange-Traded Fund Converge to its Benchmark in the Long Run? Evidence from Ishares MSCI in Asia-Pacific Countries
Authors: Yap Kok-Leong , Lau Wee-Yeap , Ismail Izlin
Published: January 2022

This study examines the linkages between exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and their benchmark indices from 2013 to 2019 using iShares MSCI of ten Asia-Pacific countries. Our results show, first, that there is a long-run causality running from the benchmark index to ETFs. These findings imply that ETFs may replicate the performance of the benchmark index over the long run. Second, there is a unidirectional causal relationship from ETFs to the benchmark index in the short run, which indicates that benchmark index prices respond to the short-run changes in the ETF prices when new information is available. Third, there is a significant tracking error between ETFs and the benchmark index. This finding justifies the existence of stock selection and market timing abilities among the ETF managers. Lastly, fund managers add value to the ETFs and generate better than the market returns. This paper provides new evidence to support this new stylized fact of ETFs.
An Experimental Economic Study of Loss Aversion in Stock Trading Decisions
Authors: Aramrueng Thanchanok , Tangtammaruk Peera
Published: January 2022

The disposition effect is a form of behavioral bias that tends to result in investors holding on to their losing stocks for too long and selling winning stocks too soon. It can be explained by the behavioral economics theory of loss aversion. Even though many have studied this kind of behavioral bias in a variety of different countries, none of them have investigated the disposition effect in the case of Thailand. Therefore, the main objective of our study is to test the disposition effect among Thais by applying the experimental economic approaches of Weber & Camerer (1998) and Odean (1998) whilst also including the findings from questionnaires and interviews. We set up a simulation stock trading market to test the disposition effect of participants regardless of whether they had stock trading experienced or not. Subjects were required to trade among six stocks in 14 trading periods. We also added three more periods to test how different types of news impacted the subjects’ trading decisions. In addition, we analyzed socioeconomic factors that affect disposition effect behavior by using an econometric binary choice model. We found that this experiment can exhibit the disposition effect of subjects in terms of overall and individual measurement. In normal stock trading situations, we found that over 70% of subjects showed clear signs of the disposition effect, which seemed to decrease after they received fictional news.
A Blockchain Research Review
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Tariq , Miraz Mahadi Hasan , Sumi Farhana Rahman , Sarkar Shumi
Published: January 2022

Blockchain technology was first introduced as Bitcoin’s underlying technology which is one type of distributed ledger that consists of replicated, shared, and synchronized data over the Internet. This study extends prior studies on blockchain. A fundamental framework for a blockchain research classification was proposed by analyzing 230 articles related to the study of blockchain published in Asia and around the world from 2016 to 2020. The study applies a comprehensive meta-analysis based on findings, literature sources, research objectives, research methods, and context. The objective of the study is to summarize the current blockchain research, its constraints, and future trends. Meta-analysis is characterized by the process of theory construction. It is a powerful tool to analyze the literature in a descriptive form which will guide for further study. Research shows that the study at home is more decentralized, non-systematic, and has failed to gain a certain research depth—Moreover, it lacks quantitative analysis. Future research will focus on digital currency, Internet financing, and the risk of blockchain technology research.
Comprehensive Analysis of Perioperative Anaesthesia Concerns in Covid Associated Mucormycosis: A Retrospective Study of Surgical Patients
Authors: Ghodki Poonam , Panse Neha , Sardesai Shalini
Published: January 2022

Background: Data regarding sudden surge of mucormycosis cases with COVID-19 outbreak and its impact on anaesthesia management are lacking. This retrospective study was designed to analyze the number and characteristics of patients posted for mucormycosis surgery in COVID19 pandemic while emphasizing upon the anaesthesia concerns.
Methods: Data was collected from all patients who were admitted with mucormycosis in our institute from the year 2020 onwards. Further analysis of patients who were surgically treated was carried out in terms of demographic characteristics, association with COVID19 and perioperative course of mucormycosis and anaesthetic management. All statistical analyses were performed with the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25·0 software.
Results: We report an incidence of 30 operated patients of the average age 52.60 years with mucormycosis from August 2020 to May 2021. Diabetes as a comorbidity was common (86.90%).  Previous infection with COVID-19 was observed in 29 (96.60%) out of which 80% patients had residual pulmonary involvement. Concomitant medical therapy with Amphotericin B was received by 90% patients and subsequently 70% had deranged renal profile. While 20 % patients had compromised airway, 60 % required blood transfusion and 76.6% patients were electively ventilated while 1 patient (3.3%) succumbed amounting to a survival rate of 96.6%.
Conclusion: To conclude elderly male diabetic patients with history of COVID19 infection is the most vulnerable population for developing mucormycosis. Airway management, glycemic control, concomitant Amphotericin B therapy and intraoperative bleeding are the major challenges for anaesthesiologist along with an element of post Covid respiratory compromise.
The Effect of Intraoperative Diphenhydramine/Morphine on Acute Pain and Opioid Consumption after Spine Surgery
Authors: Pour-Rashidi Ahmad , Mardani Maryam , Etezadi Farhad , Shariat Moharari Reza , Khajavi Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2022

Background: One of the most common problems after spine surgery is very severe pain that usually affects outcome of patients after surgery and duration of hospital stay. Acute postoperative pain has several mechanisms, and multimodal analgesia by different mechanism of action will help control to it. In this study, we intended to investigate the effect of intravenous diphenhydramine injection during induction of anesthesia and morphine before incision on the control of acute pain in postoperative laminectomy.
Methods: 130 patients scheduled for spine surgeries were assigned to receive a single pre induction dose of diphenhydramine 0.4mg/kg IV (D group) and morphine 0.15mg/kg before incision in addition acetaminophen 1gr IV at the end of surgery and just morphine 0.15mg/kg and acetaminophen 1gr IV (C group) in a randomized, double-blind trial. Postoperative pain, analgesic requirements in recovery and 24 hr after surgery were assessed.
Results: The mean pain intensity in recovery was lower in the diphenhydramine group than in the control group (MD, 2.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.72–2.53; P < .0001) and the need for analgesia was much lower in the diphenhydramine group than in the control group. P < 0.001. The severity of pain and the need for analgesics in the diphenhydramine group had a significant decrease in the ward compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Prophylactic diphenhydramine 0.4 mg/kg at induction of general anesthesia in combination with morphine 0.15mg/kg before incision and acetaminophen 1gr at the end of surgery reduced the postoperative severity of acute pain and opioids requirement in the early postoperative period after spine surgeries.
The correlation between Corrected Flow Time (FTc) Based on Esophageal Doppler Monitoring and Pleth Variability Index (PVI) in the Fluid Therapy in Patients undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Saliminia Alireza , Golpayegani Fatemeh
Published: January 2022

Background: The occurrence of bleeding during major surgeries is common and requires timely and accurate management in the prevention and treatment of hypovolemia and hemodynamic instability during and after surgery. This study evaluated the correlation and agreement between the two protocols determining the status of the hypovolemia during hysterectomy.
Methods: This study was a randomized single-blinded clinical trial. The study population included 30 patients undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy in Shariati Hospital in Tehran between 2015 and 2016. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups using a randomized table of numbers, so that in the FTc group, fluid therapy was performed based on the FTc index and in the PVI group based on the PVI index. The changes in FTc and PVI values were recorded every 5 minutes and the changes in the two indicators from the beginning to the end of the treatment were evaluated. At the beginning and end of the surgery, an arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) was also performed. The amount of bleeding during operation and urinary output were recorded in two groups.
Results: There was no significant difference across the two groups in total fluid intake during surgery, mean volume of blood loss, mean urine output, and duration of surgery. The arterial blood gas status was also similar in both groups at the beginning and the end of the operation. We found a strong adverse correlation between FTC and PVI indices at the different time points evaluated within the surgery. In total, there was a strong correlation between the mean FTC and the mean PVI during the first hour (r=-0.765, P < 0.001) and the second hour (r=-0.941, -P < 0.001) of operation. Considering the cut-off point of 350msec for the FTC and 13% for the PVI in predicting hypovolemia, the agreement between the two protocols in fluid therapy during the first hour after surgery was 79.8% and 76.6%.
Conclusion: There is a strong and significant correlation between the two FTC (with a cut off of 350) and PVI (with a cut point of 13%) to predict need for fluid therapy.
Sedation-Paralysis as Cornerstone on Rabies Management (Milwaukee Protocol)
Authors: Jabbari Ali , Khodabakhshi Behnaz , Tabasi Shabnam
Published: January 2022

Rabies is a viral infection involving the central nervous system that is almost always fatal without proper post exposure prophylaxis. Here, we present a 38 years-old male with dog-bite and late attention whom, managed in intensive care unit. After 21 days, the disease progressed to serious neurologic and hemodynamic damage including motor disorders and imbalance in blood pressure and cardiac rhythm. Clinical management of the patient consisted of antiviral agents (Amantadine and Ribavirin), neuroprotection, sedation-paralysis and supportive care. Patient was survived 43 days from the clinical disease onset. Although our patient died in spite of intensive care, advances in the use of sedation-paralysis and early prescription of antiviral agents raised hopes that it may eventually be possible to save rabies patients.
Analyzing relationships between air pollutants and Covid-19 cases during lockdowns in Iran using Sentinel-5 data
Authors: Kaviani Rad Abdullah , Shariati Mohsen , Naghipour Armin
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Air quality improvement was an unparalleled environmental consequence of the Covid-19 global crisis in many regions. Numerous researches have been conducted on the influence of national quarantines on air pollution and the relationship between the abundance of infected cases and mortality caused by this pandemic with air pollutants; however, these investigations are limited in Iran. The present study aims to investigate the correlation between Covid-19 cases and air pollution from a statistical viewpoint in order to evaluate the performance of multiple national lockdowns from February 2020 to August 2021 through measuring changes in air pollutants in the 31 provinces of Iran.
Materials and methods: We applied a remote sensing method by employing Sentinel-5P satellite data to analyze changes in PM2.5, CO, and O3 during the three public quarantine periods and their two months earlier.
Results: We recognized a considerable positive correlation between PM2.5 and the infected cases (r=0.63, p=0.001) and victims (r=0.41, p=0.001). Moreover, we compared the efficiency of lockdowns and supposed lockdown 2 (November-December 2020) as an only effective quarantine due to a dramatic reduction in PM2.5 (21.2%), CO (0.8%), the infected cases (48.7%), and victims (66.9%) in comparison to the average of its next two months.
Conclusion: Governments should handle the outbreak of Covid-19 by implementing efficient quarantines, as well as environmental conservation strategies.
Cognitive Consequences of COVID-19: The Missing Piece of Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Mohammadian Fatemeh , Mohebbi Niayesh
Published: January 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
Risk of Suicidal Events in Youths Taking Atomoxetine Compared with Those on Methylphenidate; An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ghaeli Padideh , Mahmoudi-Gharaei Javad , Kouti Leila , Shakiba Alia , Hazara Reza , Alimadadi Abbas
Published: January 2022

Background: Stimulants such as methylphenidate and atomoxetine, a nonstimulant norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, are approved for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Associations between the use of methylphenidate or atomoxetine with suicidal ideation and suicide-related behavior have been reported in the literature. The present study aimed to compare the effects of atomoxetine with that of methylphenidate on suicidal ideation and behavior in children and adolescents.
Methods: Children and adolescents between 7 to 17 years of age with the diagnosis of ADHD, based on DSM-5 criteria, were included in this observational, cross sectional study. The suicidal ideation was assessed among children and adolescents who have been receiving either atomoxetine or methylphenidate for at least 12 months prior to entering the study. A Farsi version of Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) inventory was applied for the assessment. Differences among age groups, duration of therapy and comparison of positive and negative scores in both genders were analyzed using t-test. In addition, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to examine the differences in positive and negative scores among different age groups. Moreover, chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were performed to examine the effects of past history of drugs and other present illnesses on suicidal ideation. P-value of <0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: A total of 57 students between 7 to 17 years of age were enrolled in this study. Twenty-eight patients have been taking atomoxetine at doses of 10 to 60 mg/day while 29 were on methylphenidate 7.50-55 mg/day. The mean positive and negative scores in the atomoxetine group were found to significantly differ (P=0.001) from those in the methylphenidate group. No risk of suicidal ideation was detected in the atomoxetine group, while in the methylphenidate group 15 out of 29 patients (51.7%) scored above the cutoff point. In terms of the relationship between suicidal ideation and history of other drugs prior to the current therapy and other concurrent disorders, chi-square test showed no significant difference in methylphenidate group (P=0.100 and 0.500 respectively). This analysis was not considered in atomoxetine group due to the absence of suicidal ideation.
Conclusion: The authors of this study suggest that atomoxetine may be a safer choice than methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD when suicidal ideation is a concern. In this regard, monitoring suicidal ideation and behavior along with family education should be considered in all children and adolescents suffering ADHD.
The Effect of Paracetamol on the Patient-Controlled Pain After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Mahjoubifard Maziar , Moeini Yalda , Feizabad Elham , Abdolrazaghnejad Ali
Published: January 2022

Background: Pain is one of the patients' common problems, and usual morbidity after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This study aimed to assess the effect of Paracetamol and fentanyl in reducing post-CABG pain.
Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 160 patients undergoing elective CABG (80 in group F (Fentanyl) and 80 in group P (Paracetamol)), at the cardiac surgery department of hospitals affiliated with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. In group F, 50μg of Fentanyl (intravenous (IV)) was injected followed by a solution of 10 μg/cc at a rate of 4 cc/hr. For patients in group P, 15 mg/kg of Paracetamol (IV) was administered followed by a solution of 25 μg/cc at a rate of 4 cc/hr. Patients have been infused with the named drugs within the first 24 hours after the operation. Pain severity was assessed by the visual pain score (VAS) tool at baseline, and two, four, eight, twelve, and twenty-four hours after the surgery.
Results: The mean of pain score in 12 (P-value=0.002) and 24 (P-value<0.0001) hours after surgery in group P was significantly less than that of group F. The mean heart rate in patients receiving Paracetamol was significantly (P-value = 0.005) less than that of patients receiving Fentanyl for 4 hours after surgery. The mean of increasing creatinine postoperatively in two groups was significant. The mean of increasing AST and ALT postoperatively in group P was significant with no case of liver function impairment.
Conclusion: It seems Paracetamol is a good choice for reducing post-CABG pain with no significant complication, although further and more comprehensive research is needed.
Evaluation of Antibiotic Prophylaxis Regimens in Gynecological Surgeries in a Referral Teaching Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Naeimzadeh Farnaz , Bastani Parvin , Shaseb Elnaz
Published: January 2022

Background: Drug utilization Evaluation is the main tool to assess the clinical and economic effects of drug on health-care system. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the regimens of antibiotic prophylaxis in common gynecological surgeries in a referral teaching hospital
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in Alzahra hospital, Tabriz, Iran, from July 2017 to December 2017. Patients who received antibiotics as surgical site infection prophylaxis were enrolled. Data were collected from patients’ medical records and adherence rate to the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) guideline was studied as the primary endpoint.
Results: A total of 210 patients who undergoes common gynecological surgeries were evaluated. Cesarean section (58.6%) and total abdominal hysterectomy (28.1%) were the majority of surgeries. The type of administered antibiotic was adherent to guideline in 71.4%. Doses and duration of prescribed antibiotic (Cefazolin, the most prescribed antibiotic) were not in accordance with the guideline in 100%. Only in 58%, the time of antibiotic administration was corrected.
Conclusion: In this study, the misuse of antibiotics in most cases was documented in terms of type, dose and duration of drug administration in Al-Zahra Hospital. It seems necessary to publish evidence-based guidelines and monitor their proper implementation, not only to reduce costs but also to combat antibiotic resistance.
The Impact of New Coronavirus on Cancer Patients
Authors: Karimian Aida , Talaei Sona , Abdolmaleki Arash , Asadi Asadollah , Akram Muhammad , Ghanimi Hussein A.
Published: January 2022

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) emerged in China and then spread worldwide. Presently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a main public health issue. As of August 2021, more than 200 million confirmed cases from coronavirus and more than 4 million deaths have been reported by WHO in 222 countries. The data sources are Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct articles. Publications were searched without regard to time in order to obtain a holistic and comprehensive perspective of the research done on this issue thus far. The SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted from the human-to-human by respiratory droplets and shows great potential for a pandemic. Therefore, on March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was introduced as a global pandemic by WHO. Cancer patients are at high risk for exposure to the coronavirus. In the present article, we discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life of cancer patients and their treatment process. One of these challenges is not visiting the patients in medical centers and hospitals for afraid of contracting the virus. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients may be delayed, which is a serious threat to the lives of cancer patients. In this article, in addition to the impact of coronavirus on the lives of cancer patients, the severity of the disease in these patients, their required medical care, and the vaccination process are discussed.
Bioestimulación de frijol guajiro y su simbiosis con Rhizobium por ácidos húmicos y Bacillus mycoides
Authors: Valero Valero Nelson Osvaldo , Vergel Castro Claudia Marcela , Ustate Morales Yeison  Enrique , Gómez Gómez Liliana Cecilia
Published: January 2022

La bioestimulación es una tecnología pertinente en apoyo a la intensificación de la agricultura ecológica, principalmente en suelos de zonas marginales donde los tensores ambientales mantienen a las plantas bajo condiciones de estrés permanente en detrimento de la productividad. Los bioestimulantes promueven en la planta cambios fisiológicos y morfológicos conducentes a una mejor adaptación en condiciones adversas e incrementos en el crecimiento y productividad. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto bioestimulante de Bacillus mycoides BSC25 y ácidos húmicos derivados de lombricompost de estiércol de caprino (AH-L) y de un carbón pobre tipo lignito (AH-C), sobre el frijol guajiro (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). El trabajo comprendió: 1) la comprobación de la presencia de rizóbios en el suelo, con capacidad de nodular V. unguiculata, y caracterización molecular de una cepa aislada, 2) experimentos bajo condiciones controladas en cámara de crecimiento vegetal, para comprobar la estimulación del crecimiento temprano del frijol tratado con AH-L, AH-C o B. mycoides y la aplicación conjunta AH-B. mycoides, 3) un experimento de bioestimulacion con AH-L, AH-C y B. mycoides bajo condiciones de campo, en un suelo semiárido de la media Guajira. Adicionalmente se determinó la identidad química de los AH, relacionada con su bioactividad. Se encontró que en el suelo persistía una población de Rhizobium sp capaz de nodular el frijol guajiro, el tratamiento con los agentes bioestimulantes favorece el crecimiento de la planta e incrementa el grado de nodulación por la población nativa de rizóbios, lo cual sugiere la conveniencia de promover esta tecnología para mejorar la producción del cultivo de frijol guajiro.
Teaching Visual Grounded Theory
Authors: Konecki Krzysztof T.
Published: January 2022

The paper is based on personal 20-years experience of teaching methodology of grounded theory and qualitative methods. In the following paper I would like to show the usefulness of visual analysis in teaching methodology of grounded theory. A very important tool is to use pictures and a sequencing of pictures, which give a comparative insight into empirical data and teaches the comparative method that is so important to generate theory (Glaser 1965; Glaser, Strauss, 1967; Glaser 1978). Students can learn how to compare and find patterns in empirical instances, which have visual character. Some of the sequences show stages of action and the sequence that all together is a linear representation of activity. Sequence of pictures helps to build the pattern that is conceptual understanding of the phenomena being studied. In other case, the sequences of pictures given to students are not planned. They are almost accidentally created and force students to find patterns by means of the comparative analysis. We should always know what had happened before a picture was taken as well as afterwards, it is similar to sequences analysis in textual data (Silverman 2007). We should always be aware of the context of analyzed activity. Students are also encouraged to make a theoretical sampling and saturate categories using data from photos and other visual data. This helps them to proceed with the research from empirical incidents to conceptually elaborated properties of categories and finally to the definition of category and formulating the hypotheses. In this way they learn visual grounded theory that is using the visual images for generating categories, properties and hypotheses and also for presenting results of analysis in the final report.
Nowe technologie i niepełnosprawność
Authors: Całek Grzegorz , Niedbalski Jakub , Racław Mariola , Żuchowska-Skiba Dorota
Published: January 2022

Artykuł jest wstępem do monografii poświęconej ukazniu złożonych relacji między nowymi technologiami a niepełnosprawnością. Z jednej strony są one postrzegane jako narzędzia włączenia i emancypacji, a z drugiej stanowią źródło wykluczenia osób z niepełnosprawnościami. Naszym celem jest ukazanie kontekstowych zależności pomiędzy rozwiązaniami technologicznymi a funkcjonowaniem osób z niepełnosprawnościami w życiu codziennym. Temat ten dziś jest niezwykle ważny, bowiem w związku z epidemią COVID-19 rola i znaczenie nowoczesnych technologii wzrosła. Wynikało to z konieczności przeniesienia wielu codziennych aktywności do przestrzeni wirtualnej. Zmiany te miały istotne konsekwencje dla osób z niepełnosprawnościami, gdyż zostały one dotknięte ograniczeniami w poruszaniu się, dostępie do opieki medycznej oraz edukacji i możliwości korzystania z przysługujących im praw do wsparcia w samodzielnym i nie-zależnym życiu. Osoby te w ciągu bardzo krótkiego czasu musiały przenieść swoje aktywności do przestrzeni wirtualnej.