bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compositionally unique mitochondria in filopodia support cellular migration
Authors: Marlar-Pavey Madeleine , Tapias-Gomez Daniel , Mettlen Marcel , Friedman Jonathan R.
Published: June 2024

Local metabolic demand within cells varies widely and the extent to which individual mitochondria can be specialized to meet these functional needs is unclear. We examined the subcellular distribution of MICOS, a spatial and functional organizer of mitochondria, and discovered that it dynamically enriches at the tip of a minor population of mitochondria in the cell periphery that we term “METEORs”. METEORs have a unique composition; MICOS enrichment sites are depleted of mtDNA and matrix proteins and contain high levels of the Ca2+uniporter MCU, suggesting a functional specialization. METEORs are also enriched for the myosin MYO19, which promotes their trafficking to a small subset of filopodia. We identify a positive correlation between the length of filopodia and the presence of METEORs and show that elimination of mitochondria from filopodia impairs cellular motility. Our data reveal a novel type of mitochondrial heterogeneity and suggest compositionally specialized mitochondria support cell migration.
Evaluating USDA’s farm balance sheet forecasts
Authors: Díaz Cachay Pedro Antonio , Kuethe Todd
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The United States Department of Agriculture Farm Balance Sheet forecasts provide important, timely information on the financial assets and debt in the U.S. farm sector. Despite their prominent role in policy and decision making, the forecasts have not been rigorously evaluated. This research examines the degree to which the USDA’s Farm Balance Forecasts are optimal predictors of subsequent official estimates.

Design/methodology/approach

Following prior studies of USDA’s farm income forecasts, archived asset and debt forecasts from 1986 through 2021 are used in regression-based tests of bias and efficiency.

Findings

Forecasts from 1986–2021 are found to be unbiased but inefficient. The forecasts have a tendency to over-react to new information early in the revision process.

Originality/value

These findings can be helpful for forecast users in adjusting their expectations and for forecasters in adjusting the current forecasting methods.
Effect of external corporate factors on takaful performance
Authors: Sallemi Nourhen , Zouari Ghazi
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study examines the impact of external corporate factors (external auditors, insured satisfaction and corporate social responsibility) on the performance (ROA, ROE, ROI) of takaful providers of distinguishable Muamalah contracts (wakalah and Hybrid).

Design/methodology/approach

The full sample includes 30 Takaful insurance companies listed in Southeast Asia (SEA) and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries over the period 2011–2021. We use the FGLS method for data analysis.

Findings

Our results reveal that Takaful insurance, which holds one of the Big Four with qualified Shariah members as external auditors, leads to improved performance (ROA, ROE and ROI). In addition, our findings show that Takaful insurance should be concerned with insured satisfaction to determine its success and generate higher performance for both the wakalah and hybrid contracts (ROA, ROE and ROI). Furthermore, Corporate Social Responsibility is considered a source of efficiency that enhances Takaful’s performance for the two types of wakalah and hybrid models (ROA, ROE and ROI).

Practical implications

Some suggestions may be useful for Takaful insurance regulatory authorities to intensify CSR activities, hold one of the Big Four as an external auditor and realize insured satisfaction.

Originality/value

This study highlights that it is beneficial for policymakers, insurers and investors to explore external factors that influence financial performance (return on assets, ROA; return on equity, ROE; return on investment,) in the Takaful insurance market, which uses wakalah and hybrid contracts.
A hybrid tool wear prediction model based on JDA
Authors: Huang Hua , Yu Weiwei , Yao Jiajing , Yang Peidong
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Aiming at solving the problems of low prediction accuracy and poor generalization caused by the difference in tool wear data distribution and the fixation of single global model parameters, a hybrid prediction modeling method for tool wear based on joint distribution adaptation (JDA) is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

Firstly, JDA is exploited to adapt the data features with different data distributions. Then, the adapted data features are identified by the KNN classifier. Finally, according to the tool state classification results, different regression prediction models are assigned to different wear stages to complete the whole tool wear prediction task.

Findings

The results of milling experiments show that the maximum prediction accuracy of this method is 95.13%, and it has good recognition accuracy and generalization performance. Through the application of the tool wear hybrid prediction modeling method, the prediction accuracy and generalization performance of the model are improved and the tool monitoring is realized.

Originality/value

The research results can provide solutions and a theoretical basis for the application of tool wear monitoring technology in practical industrial applications.
Balanced task allocation and motion planning of a multi-robot system under fuzzy time windows
Authors: Xidias Elias , Zacharia Paraskevi
Published: June 2024

Purpose

A fleet of mobile robots has been effectively used in various application domains such as industrial plant inspection. This paper proposes a solution to the combined problem of task allocation and motion planning problem for a fleet of mobile robots which are requested to operate in an intelligent industry. More specifically, the robots are requested to serve a set of inspection points within given service time windows. In comparison with the conventional time windows, our problem considers fuzzy time windows to express the decision maker’s satisfaction for visiting an inspection point.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper develops a unified approach to the combined problem of task allocation and motion planning for a fleet of mobile robots with three objectives: (a) minimizing the total travel cost considering all robots and tasks, (b) balancing fairly the workloads among robots and (c) maximizing the satisfaction grade of the decision maker for receiving the services. The optimization problem is solved by using a novel combination of a Genetic Algorithm with pareto solutions and fuzzy set theory.

Findings

The computational results illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach. The experimental analysis leverages the potential for using fuzzy time windows to reflect real situations and respond to demanding situations.

Originality/value

This paper provides trade-off solutions to a realistic combinatorial multi-objective optimization problem considering concurrently the motion and path planning problem for a fleet of mobile robots with fuzzy time windows.
Machine learning approach for studying the influencing factors affecting the operational reliability and remaining useful life
Authors: Jana Debasis , Gupta Suprakash , Kumar Deepak , Pal Sukomal
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Reliability study plays a significant role in supporting the operation of any machinery working in a dynamic and harsh environment. This quality is inherently uncertain and a stochastic variable of any system. This study will be beneficial for designing an appropriate maintenance schedule, reducing unplanned production downtime and reducing maintenance cost of electrical motor operated particularly in dynamic and harsh environmental industries.

Design/methodology/approach

This study focused on the effects of operating conditions (OCs) on the operational reliability and remaining useful life (RUL) of machinery. A probabilistic graphical method called Bayesian network (BN) was used for studying the effect of OCs on the system performance. The developed methodology has been demonstrated by analyzing the operational reliability and predicting the RUL of electrical motors operated in a heavy mining machinery.

Findings

The failure probabilities estimated from the historical data of the motor system are failure likelihood, and OCs are the evidence in the developed BN model. It has been observed that the performance and RUL of the motor are significantly influenced by OCs and maintenance. A threshold value of reliability at which the motor system requires maintenance or replacement has been proposed to guide management in decision making.

Originality/value

The Bayesian approach for studying the covariate of motor reliability and RUL estimation is a novel approach. This study will be beneficial for designing an appropriate maintenance schedule, reducing unplanned production downtime and reducing maintenance cost of electrical motor operated particularly in dynamic and harsh environmental industries.
Eco-citizens of academia: unraveling students’ behavior toward biodiversity management in higher education institutions
Authors: Ali Ruksar , Sujood Sujood , Naz Ariba , Azhar Mohd
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to assess students' behaviors toward biodiversity management in higher education institutions. This study expands upon the value belief norm (VBN) theory by examining how environmental values, beliefs and norms impact students' engagement in biodiversity management.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was undertaken using a Google questionnaire. Convenience and snowball sampling techniques were adopted to reach the targeted students. The proposed associations were examined through the application of SEM with the use of AMOS software.

Findings

The findings provide valuable insights into students' behaviors regarding biodiversity management and demonstrate that extending VBN theory to the context of biodiversity, with the incorporation of environmental knowledge and environmental-friendly activities, resulted in a robust model for understanding students' behaviors toward biodiversity management in higher education institutions.

Research limitations/implications

The findings can guide targeted interventions to boost student engagement in biodiversity management. Understanding the factors influencing their behaviors can aid in designing effective educational programs that promote biodiversity conservation and management.

Originality/value

This uniqueness of this study rests in its extension of the VBN theory to the context of biodiversity management, the exploration of environmental knowledge and environmental-friendly activities, and its focus on higher education institutions. Its value lies in guiding targeted interventions and campus sustainability strategies, aligning with UN SDGs to support global biodiversity and sustainable practices.
Revealed strategies in wineries’ grape supply: the case of the Canary Islands
Authors: Godenau Dirk , Martin-Rodriguez Gloria , González Gómez Jose Ignacio , Caceres-Hernandez Jose Juan
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to deal with the grape sourcing strategies of wineries in the Canary Islands.

Design/methodology/approach

Sourcing decisions are analysed from official registers of transactions between wineries and their external suppliers. The main sources of information are harvest reports submitted by wineries containing data about observable dimensions of their purchasing decisions. The general behaviour in the wine-grape zones that make up the grape market in the Canary Islands is described, and different strategies of individual wineries are revealed. Grape purchasing decisions are interpreted in terms of the potential explanatory factors involved in the undeclared objectives of wineries’ sourcing strategies. Two research questions are considered in this study: the spatial dimension, which refers to plot location, and the social dimension, which refers to the relationships between wineries and winegrowers.

Findings

The location of grape producers is a key factor in achieving the desired wine quality for wineries. The sourcing strategy of wineries is also influenced by size, but the impact of size varies depending on the short and long-term objectives of wineries.

Originality/value

Typically the literature on grape sourcing strategies relies on interviews with winemakers. However, this paper analyses wineries’ sourcing decisions based on records and reports that reveal their decisions in the specific context of the Canary Islands.
Digital twins' readiness and its impacts on supply chain transparency and sustainable performance
Authors: Patil Anchal , Srivastava Shefali , Paul Sanjoy Kumar , Dwivedi Ashish
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Production systems occupy geographically dispersed organizations with limited visibility and transparency. Such limitations create operational inefficiencies across the Supply Chain (SC). Recently, researchers have started exploring applications of Digital Twins Technology (DTT) to improve SC operations. In this context, there is a need to provide comprehensive theoretical knowledge and frameworks to help stakeholders understand the adoption of DTT. This study aims to fulfill the research gap by empirically investigating DTT readiness to enable transparency in SC.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive literature survey was conducted to develop a theoretical model related to Supply Chain Transparency (SCT) and DTT readiness. Then, a questionnaire was developed based on the proposed theoretical model, and data was collected from Indian manufacturers. The data was analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to confirm the proposed relationships.

Findings

The findings from the study confirmed a positive relationship between DTT implementation and SCT. This study reported that data readiness, perceived values and benefits of DTT, and organizational readiness and leadership support influence DTT readiness and further lead to SCT.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature and knowledge by uniquely mapping and validating various interactions between DTT readiness and sustainable SC performance.
Exploring the future of learning: understanding the innovation in learning from the perspectives of developing nation
Authors: Eva Tamanna Parvin , Akter Silvia , Zabeen Mashruha , Shahriar Shamsul Huq Bin
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore learner-centered emerging technologies, methods of learning with artificial intelligence (AI), student engagement and concerns related to the assessment process at public and private universities in Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a qualitative research approach to investigate innovations in learning, student engagement and assessment concerns. Respondents were categorized into three clusters: Cluster-A comprised students from various academic levels, Cluster-B included faculty members with online teaching experience and Cluster-C consisted of information and communication technology (ICT) experts from university information technology (IT) departments. Qualitative data were collected via in-depth interviews.

Findings

The research findings indicate the widespread acceptance and utilization of learner-centered technologies, with online and hybrid learning offering flexibility, accessibility, self-paced learning and better student engagement opportunities. While AI platforms like ChatGPT and Gemini are valued for clarifying theoretical concepts, concerns exist regarding their ethical use, particularly in completing assignments. The assessment process faces challenges related to online exams, with concerns over cheating prompting calls for AI-supported solutions. However, there is a gap between commitment and action in regulating unethical AI usage, highlighting the need for clearer guidance and investment in technological solutions for an effective assessment process.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations of this study include the inability to quantify the satisfaction level with the emergence of learner-centered technologies, which could be better explained through a quantitative study.

Originality/value

This study’s originality and value stem from its thorough investigation of innovations in learner-centered education considering the emergence of AI and student engagement, uniquely focusing on the perspective of a developing country.
Avatars and their players – art in the libraries
Authors: Oladokun Bolaji David , Gaitanou Panorea
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the multifaceted relationship between avatars, players, art and libraries in digital environments. Specifically, the paper investigates the artistic representation of avatars, the role of players in shaping avatar experiences and the integration of avatars and art in library settings. In addition, the paper seeks to examine the ethical implications of avatar representation, focusing on issues of diversity, privacy, authenticity, and accessibility.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses a systematic review to harvest literature from different accredited databases, such as the Web of Science and Directory of Open Access Journals. The review encompasses a wide range of scholarly papers, books and research papers spanning various disciplines such as computer science, information science and engineering.

Findings

The paper reveals that avatars serve as powerful tools for communication, self-expression and identity exploration in virtual environments. Avatars also play a significant role in facilitating social interaction, collaboration and engagement within digital communities, including libraries. Furthermore, the paper highlights the artistic potential of avatars as forms of creative expression and representation, showcasing how they can convey emotions, narratives and cultural symbolism in digital art spaces. However, the paper also identifies several ethical considerations associated with avatar representation, such as issues of diversity, privacy, authenticity and accessibility, which require careful attention and consideration by developers, designers and users.

Originality/value

The findings have several implications for theory, practice and policy related to avatar representation in digital environments, particularly within library settings. From a theoretical perspective, the paper contributes to the understanding of the complex interplay between avatars, players, art and ethics in digital culture. From a practical standpoint, the paper offers insights and recommendations for developers, designers and librarians on how to create inclusive, engaging and ethically responsible avatar experiences in virtual libraries. In addition, the paper underscores the importance of considering diverse perspectives and promoting ethical awareness and accountability in the design and implementation of avatar-based interactions in digital spaces.
Future directions of R&D internationalization in international business
Authors: Anwar Fahim , Nujen Bella B. , Solli-Sæther Hans
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a focused review of international business (IB) literature on research and development (R&D) internationalization, assessing the progress and proposing future research directions.

Design/methodology/approach

Total 167 peer-reviewed articles from IB journals (following the ABS list 2021 from 4* to 2) published between 1996 and 2022 are critically reviewed using a science-mapping approach. This paper used Bibliometrix R-package to analyze the retrieved bibliometric data. Additionally, a strategic diagram was developed to comprehend the maturity stage of various R&D internationalization concepts.

Findings

Most studies on R&D internationalization are influenced by perspectives from advanced-economy multinational enterprises (AMNEs), while perspectives from emerging-economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) are underrepresented. Considering the characteristics of emerging economies, firms from these locations might embark on and develop their R&D internationalization strategies differently. Investigating the emerging economy perspectives will enrich the understanding of R&D internationalization strategies for both AMNEs and EMNEs. Additionally, bringing different underutilized theoretical perspectives will help to untangle the anomalies observed in extant literature.

Originality/value

This paper is among the few to scrutinize the IB literature on R&D internationalization by applying a unique combination of bibliometric techniques and a content analysis approach. By complementing existing reviews and providing fresh insights into the phenomenon, it offers a conceptual framework that can be used as a basis for further research on R&D internationalization.
Risk management of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) for upcoming research priorities
Authors: Meiryani
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to present a comprehensive assessment of the literature about the research agenda for future studies on risk management in small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) with a research agenda for bibliometric analysis. The author's goals are to point out inconsistencies and gaps in the literature and to suggest directions for future study.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 147 papers were analyzed in terms of bibliographic information, research design, and findings. These included publication by year, most cited documents, citation by year, publication by authors, publication by subject area, publication by country, publication by affiliation, funding sponsor, network representation of keyword co-occurrence, and cluster visualization of keyword co-occurrence. This study used bibliometric analysis methods, keyword searches, and suitability assessment for bibliometric analysis.

Findings

The bibliometric research revealed a number of potential risk categories for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In addition, an analysis of the risk-related elements aimed to avoid or reduce their adverse effects, the published study highlights how crucial a risk management procedure is for SMEs. Risk factors were also shown to be unavoidable; as a result, everyone needs to practice social responsibility in order to reduce the detrimental effects on the economy.

Research limitations/implications

Future studies are required on risk identification, analysis, plan implementation, and control in the context of small and medium-sized enterprise risk management.

Originality/value

This work represents the first in a bibliometric analysis of risk management in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) for the future research agenda.
Technology-enhanced psychological assessment and treatment of distressing auditory hallucinations: a systematic review
Authors: O’Neill Emma , Bird Molly , Riches Simon
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Auditory hallucinations (“hearing voices”) are a relatively common experience, which is often highly distressing and debilitating. As mental health services are under increasing pressures, services have witnessed a transformative shift with the integration of technology into psychological care. This study aims to narratively synthesise evidence of technology-enhanced psychological assessment and treatment of distressing voices (PROSPERO 393831).

Design/methodology/approach

This review was carried out according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched until 30th May 2023. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool assessed methodological quality of studies.

Findings

Searching identified 9,254 titles. Fourteen studies (two assessment studies, twelve treatment studies, published 2010–2022, n = 1,578) were included in the review. Most studies were conducted in the UK, the USA or Canada. Technologies included avatar therapy, mobile apps, virtual reality, a computerised Web-based programme and a mobile-assisted treatment. Overall, technology-enhanced psychological assessments and treatments appear feasible, acceptable and effective, with avatar therapy the most used intervention. EPHPP ratings were “strong” (n = 8), “moderate” (n = 5) and “weak” (n = 1).

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic review to investigate these technologies, specifically for distressing voices. Despite the relatively small number of studies, findings offer promising evidence for the clinical benefits of these technologies for enhancing mental health care for individuals with distressing voices. More high-quality research on a wider range of technologies is warranted.
Multilevel study of transformational leadership and work behavior: job autonomy matters in public service
Authors: Nordin Wan Noor Azreen Wan Mohamad , Kamil Nurul Liyana Mohd , Govindaraju VGR Chandran
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to use self-determination and social exchange theory to investigate how transformational leadership influences employees’ motivation for their work behaviors, with job autonomy serving as a mediator. This study hypothesized that transformational leadership could promote employees’ autonomy in performing their tasks, leading to the development of innovative work behaviors and organizational citizenship behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a multilevel approach, data was collected from 409 public service employees across 39 departments.

Findings

The findings indicate the significant impact of transformational leadership on shaping employees’ innovative work and organizational citizenship behavior. Notably, job autonomy emerges as a pivotal mediator, facilitating the positive effects of transformational leadership by empowering employees to explore innovative tasks beyond their prescribed roles, thereby enhancing team effectiveness and employee engagement.

Originality/value

This study’s originality lies in its innovative use of multilevel analysis to reveal job autonomy’s mediating role, offering fresh insights into promoting innovation and organizational in public service settings.
Competitive strategy delivery in the service sector: a study of the behavioural model
Authors: Edgar Fiona , Zhang Jing A. , Podgorodnichenko Nataliya , Akmal Adeel
Published: June 2024

Purpose

One of the most cited literature in SHRM is Schuler and Jackson’s (1987) behavioural model. This model proposes that organisational performance is dependent on the extent to which HRM practices can be effectively connected to competitive strategy and desired employee behaviours. Importantly, this model recognises the salient role of employee behaviour in performance outcomes and, moreover that different competitive strategies imply both promulgation and reinforcement of different sets of employee skills and behaviours. Surprisingly, despite its significant influence on SHRM, studies rarely examine this model in its entirety. Motivated by the need to better understand this model’s arguments in contemporary settings, our study uses a multi-actor design to explore the connections between competitive strategies (cost reduction and differentiation), employee behaviours, and HRM practices in service environments.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting a multi-level, multi-actor survey design, our exploratory deductive study assesses the utility of strategic HRM’s (SHRM) behavioural model. Drawing on data from a sample of service organisations and using univariate analyses, we compare operationalised HRM practices and employee behaviours across different strategy types.

Findings

Results lend provisional support for the behavioural model, particularly in the case of a differentiation strategy where notable differences in HRM practices and employee behaviours were observed. Findings suggest growing levels of memetic and competitive isomorphism may be occurring, with this likely attributable to the increased incidence of idea generation and information sharing about best practices occurring amongst practitioners, as well as a growing nuance in operating markets, managerial preferences, employee expectations, stakeholder objectives, and the like.

Research limitations/implications

Our study suggests refinements to the behavioural model are needed. Some support for the model’s key tenets is found, but these appear context specific. Thus, the merit in developing a priori typologies linking strategy type to HRM practices and employee behaviours where organisations operate in environments which are particularised and tumultuous appears debatable.

Practical implications

This study highlights the behavioural model’s nuance to modern service organisations and, by doing so, practitioners are provided with a behavioural pathway for achieving competitive advantage through their HRM practices. Findings also suggest that increasingly competitive environments might be encouraging practitioners to engage in isomorphic behaviours.

Originality/value

The use of a comparative research design allowed our study to contribute much needed empiricism to the largely conceptually informed stylised typologies depicting the linkages between different competitive strategies, implied employee role behaviours and HRM practices, thereby supporting the need for model refinement.
Reevaluating hybrid neurofibroma/schwannoma: Predominance of schwannoma features despite CD34 positivity and initial neurofibroma diagnosis
Authors: Katsumi Tatsuya , Hayashi Ryota , Takei Shingo , Ansai Osamu , Takatsuka Sumiko , Takenouchi Tatsuya , Saito Kyota , Suda Kazuaki , Yoshihara Kosuke , Nagai Takahiro , Okuda Shujiro , Fukumoto Takaya , Ansai Shin‐ichi , Nakamura Anna , Katsuumi Koji , Ariizumi Takashi , Ogose Akira , Kawashima Hiroyuki , Abe Riichiro
Published: June 2024

Schwannomas consist of both high‐cellularity regions (Antoni A area) and hypocellular regions (Antoni B area) in histopathological findings. Neurofibromas characteristically consist of CD34 positive spindle cells with thin, wavy, nuclei and wavy collagen bands. Previous reports have described segments of schwannomas with neurofibroma features as hybrid tumors, although hybrid tumors were diagnosed based on partial CD34 positivity in many previous reports. On the other hand, the Antoni B area of some schwannomas was reported to be positive for CD34. Therefore, the definition of a hybrid tumor has not been clear. The objective of this study was to determine whether only CD34 positive findings in schwannomas could be used to define a hybrid tumor. In the analysis of our patient with schwannomatosis caused by a novel LZTR1 germline mutation, part of the tumor had CD34 positive hypocellular regions. These regions contained no thin, wavy, nuclei, indicating an Antoni B area. Laser microdissection was used to investigate the genetic background and differences in molecular mechanisms between CD34 positive and CD34 negative regions. All mutations identified in CD34 positive regions were also found in CD34 negative regions. Our data could not clear the genetic background of Antoni B which was CD34 positive area. We then reviewed the pathologies of 66 sporadic schwannomas. Histopathological examinations of all schwannomas revealed the absence of thin, wavy, nuclei and wavy collagen bands, and no hybrid tumors were found in any of the cases. Ten of 66 patients were randomly selected for CD34 immunostaining and positivity was found in all cases. Our data suggest that it is difficult to distinguish schwannomas by staining for CD34 alone, as Antoni B areas can also be positive for CD34. Therefore, CD34 staining alone should not be used to diagnose hybrid tumors in patients with schwannomas.
The ‘Karman method’ and the boundaries of self‐help: Itinerary of an abortion technology
Authors: Pavard Bibia
Published: June 2024

This article explores the controversial itinerary of Harvey Karman and his development in the 1970s of a manual vacuum abortion method which promised a simpler alternative to traditional methods. It highlights Karman's role, often overlooked in abortion rights narratives, as he navigated the transition from illegal to legal abortion, engaging with feminist collectives, doctors and population controllers. Drawing on diverse sources, it examines Karman's efforts to promote his devices and his complex position within medical and feminist circles. The article argues that post‐1972 tension between Karman and feminist activists reveals the gendered alliance dynamics of the abortion movement before and just after Roe v. Wade (1973). It also shows how these tensions encouraged feminist groups to redefine their own practices and led to the delineation of the boundaries of self‐help.
How kindness took a hold: A sociology of emotions, attachment and everyday enchantment
Authors: Brownlie Julie
Published: June 2024

How are we to understand the contemporary preoccupation—at least in many English‐speaking societies—with ‘random acts of kindness’ and the idea of kindness more generally? Should this be seen as a challenge to the logic of capitalism or reinforcing of it, an example of commodification of emotion within our everyday lives? By introducing and mapping the contours of an emergent ‘kindness industry’, placing emotion (and enchantment) at the heart of how attachment to the idea of kindness is theorised, and marshalling existing empirical research on contemporary framings of everyday kindness, I argue that there is a need for a critical sociological engagement with the ‘pro‐social’ that does justice to its profound ambivalence. In the case of contemporary kindness this involves understanding both the regulatory nature of the enchantment sold by a kindness industry and the problem‐solving potential of the enchantment of kindness in the everyday, where it both helps address contemporary feelings of hopelessness and shame and facilitates the possibility of making life materially liveable.
Insight into the mechanism of the aggregation behavior of wheat protein modulated by l‐lysine under microwave irradiation
Authors: Tan Jing , Cao Hongwei , Wang Xiaoxue , Li Sen , Song Hongdong , Huang Kai , Zhang Yu , Lu Jun , Guan Xiao
Published: June 2024

This study explored the mechanism of l‐lysine intervention in wheat gluten protein (WG) gel formation under a microwave (MW) field. The results showed that the MW treatment had higher ζ‐potential values at the same heating rate. After adding l‐lysine, the solution conductivity and dielectric loss were significantly increased. Moreover, the WG gel strength enhanced 4.40% under the MW treatment. The Fourier spectra showed that the α‐helix content was decreased 13.78% with the addition of lysine. The ultraviolet absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra indicated that MW irradiation impacted the interactions between WG molecules more effectively than the water bath heating, promoting the denaturation and unfolding of the protein structure. In addition, scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the incorporation of lysine promoted an ordered network structure formation of the protein, which enhanced the gel properties. This indicated that the zwitterion of l‐lysine played a regulatory role in the aggregation of proteins in the MW field.
A concise review of the nutritional profiles, microbial dynamics, and health impacts of fermented mushrooms
Authors: Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram , Sisubalan Natarajan , Kesika Periyanaina , Sureka Indrajith , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat
Published: June 2024

Mushrooms have garnered significant attention for their nutritional composition and potential health benefits, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, and cholesterol‐lowering properties. This review explores the nutritional composition of edible mushrooms, including their high protein content, essential amino acids, low fat, cholesterol levels, and bioactive compounds with medicinal value. Moreover, the study analyzes the microbiology of mushroom fermentation, focusing on the diverse microbial ecosystem involved in the transformation of raw mushrooms and the preservation methods employed to extend their shelf life. Special emphasis is placed on lactic acid fermentation as a cost‐effective and efficient preservation technique. It involves controlling the growth of lactic acid bacteria to enhance the microbial stability and nutritional quality of mushrooms. Furthermore, the bioactivities of fermented mushrooms are elucidated, which are antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti‐glycemic, immune modulatory, and other biological activities. The mechanisms underlying these bioactivities are explored, emphasizing the role of fermented mushrooms in suppressing free radicals, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and modulating immune responses. Overall, this review provides comprehensive insights into the nutritional composition, microbiology, bioactivities, and underlying mechanisms of fermented mushrooms, highlighting their potential as functional foods with significant health‐promoting properties.
Analysis of dietary vitamin C intake levels and the risk of hyperuricemia and gout based on cross‐sectional studies and bi‐directional Mendelian randomization
Authors: Peng Zi‐Ning , Wang Xing‐Qiang , Deng Qian , Yan Wei‐Tian , Zhao Wei‐Qing , Pu Yong‐Bin , Liu Nian , Gu Ling‐Li , Peng Jiang‐Yun
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study aimed to explore the link between dietary vitamin C intake and hyperuricemia/gout, utilizing Mendelian randomization to assess causality.

Methods

We analyzed cross‐sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2018) to investigate the association. Mendelian randomization studies, using genetic data from genome‐wide association surveys, were conducted to infer causality between vitamin C intake and hyperuricemia/gout. The weighted logistic regression analysis and the instrumental variable based on the inverse‐variance weighting served as the primary analytical tool, with sensitivity analyses to ensure robustness.

Results

After adjusting for covariates, a stable association was observed between vitamin C intake and hyperuricemia/gout risk. Those consuming >111.75 mg of vitamin C generally had a lower risk. Vitamin C intake recommendations of 75–525 mg and 75–225 mg appeared effective for hyperuricemia and gout, respectively. Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a negative association between vitamin C intake and hyperuricemia (OR = 0.985, 95% CI = 0.973–0.997, p = .015) and gout (OR = 0.857, 95% CI = 0.797–0.921, p < .001). Reverse Mendelian randomization indicated no reverse causality.

Conclusion

We hypothesize that a dietary vitamin C intake of 75–525 mg or 75–225 mg may reduce the risk of hyperuricemia and gout, respectively. Further research with larger samples is required to confirm this.
Prevalence of rheumatic musculoskeletal pain and disability in rural Nepal‐ a cross‐sectional community‐based study adopting WHO‐ILAR COPCORD stage I: Phases I and II protocol
Authors: Adhikari Sudeep , Paudyal Buddhi Prasad , Adhikari Krishna , Shrestha Pradeep , Mahato Tarkeshwor , Bhusal Sangeeta , Dhimal Meghnath , Bista Bihungum , Siwakoti Selina , Pandey Janaki , Gyawali Pradip
Published: June 2024

Background

The burden of musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and disabilities is high in health facilities but remains unknown in the community due to a lack of community‐level studies. The community‐oriented program for control of rheumatic diseases (COPCORD) is focused on determining MSK pain and disabilities through epidemiological surveys. This study adopted the COPCORD stage I protocol to determine the prevalence of rheumatic MSK pain and disability and its associated factors in the Pyuthan district of Nepal.

Methodology

A cross‐sectional community‐based study using the quantitative method was conducted in Pyuthan municipality as per COPCORD stage I protocol. COPCORD stage I (phase I and phase II) questionnaires were used to collect data through the interview technique. Populations aged 18 years and above were included in the study. A multistage sampling technique was used, and the total sample size was 2145. The collected data from phase I and phase II were entered in Epidata version 3.1. Descriptive and analytical analysis was done in SPSS. The Chi‐square test was used to find the association between dependent and independent variables.

Findings

The overall prevalence (past and current MSK pain/swelling) was 26.81% (95% CI 24.9–28.7). Current MSK pain/swelling was found in 19.53% of the participants, and past MSK pain/swelling was found in 25.87%. Among self‐reported chronic diseases, joint pain was reported by the majority of the participants (17.86%). Age, sex, education, nature of work, current smoking, tobacco use, and alcohol use were found to be associated with past and current MSK pain/swelling.

Conclusions

More than one‐fourth of the participants had MSK pain/swelling. The prevalence of MSK pain/swelling was higher in elderly participants, females, illiterates, heavy workers, smokers, tobacco users, and alcohol users. Similar studies should be conducted in other regions of the country, and this study should also be expanded to COPCORD Stages II and III to identify the risk factors and to improve the management of MSK pain and disorders.
Epithelial granuloma occurring on the staple‐stump after segmentectomy for ovarian cancer lung metastasis
Authors: Kuriyama Shoji , Imai Kazuhiro , Nanjo Hiroshi , Takashima Shinogu , Iwai Hidenobu , Demura Ryo , Suzuki Haruka , Harata Yuzu , Shibano Sumire , Minamiya Yoshihiro
Published: June 2024

When a mass occurs at the staple line following lung resection, it can be difficult to distinguish between local cancer recurrence and granuloma. We present a case of a staple‐line granuloma with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography uptake and elevated serum carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19‐9) in a patient with ovarian cancer lung metastasis. After granuloma resection, serum CA19‐9 levels normalized, and CA19‐9 positive cells were identified in the resected tumor. Therefore, serum CA19‐9 elevation does not rule out a staple‐line granuloma. Whereas granulomas on computed tomography (CT) scans tend to show smooth shadows along the staple line unilaterally, detailed CT evaluation may help diagnostic differentiation. Differentiation based on imaging and tumor markers has limitations. However, core needle biopsy has the risk of misdiagnosis and tumor cell dissemination, therefore surgical resection should be considered when comprehensive findings indicate a potential recurrence.
Preferences for albumin use in adult intensive care unit patients with shock: An international survey
Authors: Sivapalan Praleene , Ellekjaer Karen Louise , Perner Anders , Møller Morten Hylander , Granholm Anders , Grønningsæter Lasse , Ostermann Marlies , Sweeney Rob Mac , Cronhjort Maria , Hästbacka Johanna , Pfortmueller Carmen , De Waele Jan , Nalos Marek , Jovaisa Tomas , Reintam Blaser Annika , Cecconi Maurizio , Ergan Begum , Al‐Fares Abdulrahman , Young Paul J. , Szczeklik Wojciech , Keus Eric , Alshamsi Fayez , Khanna Ashish K. , Sigurdsson Martin Ingi , Fujii Tomoko , Arabi Yaseen M. , Meyhoff Tine Sylvest ,   National investigators (NI) and site investigators
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Use of albumin is suggested for some patients with shock, but preferences for its use may vary among intensive care unit (ICU) physicians.

Methods

We conducted an international online survey of ICU physicians with 20 questions about their use of albumin and their opinion towards a randomised trial among adults with shock comparing the use versus no use of albumin.

Results

A total of 1248 respondents participated, with a mean response rate of 37%, ranging from 18% to 75% across 21 countries. Respondents mainly worked in mixed ICUs and 92% were specialists in intensive care medicine. The reported use of albumin in general shock varied as 18% reported ‘almost never’, 22% ‘rarely’, 34% ‘occasionally’, 22% ‘frequently’ and 4% ‘almost always’ using albumin. In septic shock, 19% reported ‘almost never’, 22% ‘rarely’, 29% ‘occasionally’, 22% ‘frequently’ and 7% ‘almost always’ using albumin. Physicians’ preferences were more consistent for haemorrhagic‐ and cardiogenic shock, with more than 45% reporting ‘almost never’ using albumin. While the reported use of albumin for other purposes than resuscitation was infrequent (40%–85% reported ‘almost never’ for five other indications), the most frequent other indications were low serum albumin levels and improvement of the efficacy of diuretics. Most respondents (93%) would randomise adult ICU patients with shock to a trial of albumin versus no albumin.

Conclusions

In this international survey, the reported preferences for the use of albumin in adult ICU patients with shock varied considerably among surveyed ICU physicians. The support for a future randomised trial was high.
Lens capsule advanced glycation end products induce senescence in epithelial cells: Implications for secondary cataracts
Authors: Cooksley Grace , Nam Mi‐Hyun , Nahomi Rooban B. , Rankenberg Johanna , Smith Andrew J. O. , Wormstone Yvette M. , Wormstone I. Michael , Nagaraj Ram H.
Published: June 2024

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a common complication after cataract surgery. Residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) on the anterior lens capsule, after cataract surgery, migrate to the posterior lens capsule and undergo transdifferentiation into myofibroblast‐like cells. Those cells synthesize excessive amounts of extracellular matrix and contribute to fibrosis during PCO. Cellular senescence, a phenomenon that increases with aging, has been implicated in several fibrotic diseases. Here, we have investigated the prevalence of senescent LECs within the lens posterior capsule and the ability of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in lens capsules to induce senescence, contributing to PCO. Aged lens capsules from pseudophakic human cadaver eyes showed the presence of senescent LECs. In human capsular bags, LECs showed an age‐dependent increase in senescence after 28 days of culture. Human LECs cultured on aged lens capsules for 3 days underwent senescence; this effect was not seen in LECs cultured on young lens capsules. Human LECs cultured on an AGE‐modified extracellular matrix (ECM‐AGEs) showed an AGE‐concentration‐dependent increase in the expression of senescence markers and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Treatment with a RAGE antagonist and ROS inhibitor reduced the expression of senescence and fibrotic markers. Additionally, conditioned media from ECM‐AGEs‐treated cells induced the expression of fibrotic markers in naïve LECs. Together, these suggest that AGEs in the capsule induce senescence of LECs, which triggers the mesenchymal transition of neighboring non‐senescent LECs and contributes to PCO.
Cellular senescence by loss of Men1 in osteoblasts is critical for age‐related osteoporosis
Authors: Ukon Yuichiro , Kaito Takashi , Hirai Hiromasa , Kitahara Takayuki , Bun Masayuki , Kodama Joe , Tateiwa Daisuke , Nakagawa Shinichi , Ikuta Masato , Furuichi Takuya , Kanie Yuya , Fujimori Takahito , Takenaka Shota , Yamamuro Tadashi , Otsuru Satoru , Okada Seiji , Yamashita Masakatsu , Imamura Takeshi
Published: June 2024

Recent evidence suggests an association between age‐related osteoporosis and cellular senescence in the bone; however, the specific bone cells that play a critical role in age‐related osteoporosis and the mechanism remain unknown. Results revealed that age‐related osteoporosis is characterized by the loss of osteoblast Men1. Osteoblast‐specific inducible knockout of Men1 caused structural changes in the mice bones, matching the phenotypes in patients with age‐related osteoporosis. Histomorphometrically, Men1‐knockout mice femurs decreased osteoblastic activity and increased osteoclastic activity, hallmarks of age‐related osteoporosis. Loss of Men1 induces cellular senescence via mTORC1 activation and AMPK suppression, rescued by metformin treatment. In bone morphogenetic protein‐indued bone model, loss of Men1 leads to accumulation of senescent cells and osteoporotic bone formation, which are ameliorated by metformin. Our results indicate that cellular senescence in osteoblasts plays a critical role in age‐related osteoporosis and that osteoblast‐specific inducible Men1‐knockout mice offer a promising model for developing therapeutics for age‐related osteoporosis.