bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deposition of NiO Nanoparticles on Nanosized Zeolite NaY for Production of Biofuel via Hydrogen-Free Deoxygenation
Authors: Choo Min-Yee , Oi Lee Eng , Daou T. Jean , Ling Tau Chuan , Lin Yu-Chuan , Centi Gabriele , Ng Eng-Poh , Juan Joon Ching
Published: July 2020

Nickel-based catalysts play an important role in the hydrogen-free deoxygenation for the production of biofuel. The yield and quality of the biofuel are critically affected by the physicochemical properties of NiO supported on nanosized zeolite Y (Y65, crystal size of 65 nm). Therefore, 10 wt% NiO supported on Y65 synthesized by using impregnation (IM) and deposition–precipitation (DP) methods were investigated. It was found that preparation methods have a significant effect on the deoxygenation of triolein. The initial rate of the DP method (14.8 goil·h−1) was 1.5 times higher than that of the IM method (9.6 goil·h−1). The DP-Y65 showed the best deoxygenation performance with a 80.0% conversion and a diesel selectivity of 93.7% at 380 °C within 1 h. The outstanding performance from the DP method was due to the smaller NiO particle size (3.57 ± 0.40 nm), high accessibility (H.F value of 0.084), and a higher Brönsted to Lewis acidity (B/L) ratio (0.29), which has improved the accessibility and deoxygenation ability of the catalyst. The NH4+ released from the decomposition of the urea during the DP process increased the B/L ratio of zeolite NaY. As a result, the pretreatment to convert Na-zeolite to H-zeolite in a conventional zeolite synthesis can be avoided. In this regard, the DP method offers a one-pot synthesis to produce smaller NiO-supported nanosized zeolite NaY with a high B/L ratio, and it managed to produce a higher yield with selectivity towards green diesel via deoxygenation under a hydrogen-free condition.
Enhancement of First Hydrogenation of Ti1V0.9Cr1.1 BCC Alloy by Cold Rolling and Ball Milling
Authors: Sleiman Salma , Aliouat Anis , Huot Jacques
Published: July 2020

In this study, we evaluated the effects of a mechanical treatment by cold rolling (CR) and ball milling (BM) on the first hydrogenation of Ti1V0.9Cr1.1 alloy. The as-cast alloy has a body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure, and the first hydrogenation at room temperature under 20 bars of hydrogen is practically impossible. However, the samples mechanically activated by CR or BM readily absorbed hydrogen. The sample cold-rolled for one pass exhibited faster kinetics than the sample ball-milled for five minutes, but both samples reached the same storage capacity of 3.6 wt % hydrogen. Increasing the amount of rolling or the milling time decreased the hydrogen capacity. CR is considered the best and most efficient method for the activation of Ti1V0.9Cr1.1 alloy.
Surface Complexation Models of Pertechnetate on Biochar/Montmorillonite Composite—Batch and Dynamic Sorption Study
Authors: Daňo Martin , Viglašová Eva , Galamboš Michal , Štamberg Karel , Kujan Jan
Published: July 2020

The study summarizes the results of monitoring the properties of two types of sorbents, BC1 (biochar sample 1) and BC2a (biochar sample 2), prepared by pyrolysis of bamboo biomass (BC1) and as its composite with montmorillonite K10 (BC2a). The main goal was to study their applicability to the Tc (VII) separation from liquid wastes, using NH4ReO4 as a carrier. The research was focused on determining the sorbents surface properties (by XRF (X-ray fluorescence) method and potentiometric titration in order to determine the properties of surface groups—Chemical Equilibrium Model (CEM) and Ion Exchange Model (IExM) models were applied here). As well as monitoring Tc (VII) (+Re(VII)) sorption, especially to determine equilibrium isotherm, the influence of pH and kinetics. The subject of research was also the dynamics of sorption, including its mathematical–physical modeling. Both sorbents have good properties against Tc (VII), however BC2a, due to the presence of montmorillonite, is more advantageous in this respect. It has a higher sorption capacity and faster kinetic investigation. An important finding is that the optimal pH is 2–3, which is related not only to the protonation of surface groups (they have a positive charge), but also to the negative form of the existence of Tc (VII) and Re (VII): TcO4− and ReO4−.
Three-Dimensional Vibration Analysis of Laminated Composite Rectangular Plate with Cutouts
Authors: Xue Kai , Huang Wenhao , Li Qiuhong
Published: July 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to establish an analysis model of laminated composite rectangular plate with/without cutouts on the basis of three-dimensional elasticity theory and provide the exact three-dimensional solution. In the present work, the effect of the cutout is considered by subtracting the energies of cutouts from the total energy of the entire plate. The standard three-dimensional trigonometric cosine Fourier series and auxiliary Fourier series are chosen as admissible functions, and the Hamilton’s principle and Rayleigh-Ritz procedure are used to obtain the exact solution. In order to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method, some numerical results are obtained, and the results are compared with the ones available in the literature or finite element analysis. Finally, the effects of some key parameters which will affect the vibration characteristics are analyzed, and the non-dimensional frequency parameters are obtained, which can serve as benchmark data for the future research.
An Experimental Study on the Thermal Stability of Mg2Si/Ni Interface under Thermal Cycling
Authors: Joo Sung-Jae , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Bong-Seo , Min Bok-Ki
Published: July 2020

Mg2Si is a promising eco-friendly thermoelectric material, and Ni is suited for electrical contact on it. In this study, Bi-doped Mg2Si ingots with Ni contacts were fabricated by co-sintering, and thermal stability was investigated by long-time (500 h, 500 cycles) temperature cycling from 25 °C to a peak temperature (Th = 400 and 450 °C) in N2. The as-sintered Ni/Mg2Si interfacial region is a multilayer consisting of Mg3Bi2, a series of MgxSiyNiz ternary compounds (ω, ν, ζ, and η-phases), and MgNi2. In the complex microstructure, the MgNi2 / η-phase interface was vulnerable to stress-induced voiding at Th = 450 °C, which arises from the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients. Interfacial voiding was avoided by adding 10 mol% Ag in Ni, which is probably due to the suppression of vacancy migration by the Ag-containing 2nd phase formation at the MgNi2/η-phase interface.
Construction of FeCo2O4@N-Doped Carbon Dots Nanoflowers as Binder Free Electrode for Reduction and Oxidation of Water
Authors: Kundu Aniruddha , Robby Akhmad Irhas , Shit Arnab , Jo Hyeong Jun , Park Sung Young
Published: July 2020

Electrochemical water splitting is known as a potential approach for sustainable energy conversion; it produces H2 fuel by utilizing transition metal-based catalysts. We report a facile synthesis of FeCo2O4@carbon dots (CDs) nanoflowers supported on nickel foam through a hydrothermal technique in the absence of organic solvents and an inert environment. The synthesized material with a judicious choice of CDs shows superior performance in hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) compared to the FeCo2O4 electrode alone in alkaline media. For HER, the overpotential of 205 mV was able to produce current densities of up to 10 mA cm−2, whereas an overpotential of 393 mV was needed to obtain a current density of up to 50 mA cm−2 for OER. The synergistic effect between CDs and FeCo2O4 accounts for the excellent electrocatalytic activity, since CDs offer exposed active sites and subsequently promote the electrochemical reaction by enhancing the electron transfer processes. Hence, this procedure offers an effective approach for constructing metal oxide-integrated CDs as a catalytic support system to improve the performance of electrochemical water splitting.
Effect of Corrosion and Surface Finishing on Fatigue Behavior of Friction Stir Welded EN AW-5754 Aluminum Alloy Using Various Tool Configurations
Authors: Baqerzadeh Chehreh Abootorab , Grätzel Michael , Bergmann Jean Pierre , Walther Frank
Published: July 2020

In this study, fatigue behavior of surface finished and precorroded friction stir welded (FSW) specimens using various tool configurations were comparatively investigated by the load increase method. The FSW using conventional, stationary shoulder and dual-rotational configurations was carried out by a robotized tool setup on 2 mm EN AW-5754 aluminum sheets in butt joint formation. After extraction of the specimens, their weld seam and root surfaces were milled to two different depths of 200 µm and 400 µm to remove the surface and the FSW tool shoulder effects. This surface finishing process was performed to investigate the effect of the surface defects on the fatigue behavior of the FSW EN AW-5754 aluminum alloy sheets. It was found that material removal from the weld and root surfaces of the specimens, increased the fracture stresses of conventional and dual-rotational FSW from 204 to 229 MPa and 196 to 226 MPa, respectively. However, this increase could not be detected in stationary shoulder FSW. Specimens with finished surfaces, which showed superior properties, were used in salt spray and cyclic climate change test to investigate the effect of corrosion on the fatigue behavior of FSW specimens. It was shown that cyclic climate change test reduced the fatigue properties of the base material, conventional, stationary shoulder and dual-rotational FSW approximately 1%–7%. This decrease in the fatigue properties was greater in the case of the salt spray test, which was 7% to 21%.
Setting and Hardening Behaviour of Alkali-Activated Landfilled Fly Ash–Slag Binder at Room Temperature
Authors: Liu Wei , Lin Lin , Wang Shuping , Peng Xiaoqin , Wu Bobo , Sun Keke , Zeng Lu
Published: July 2020

A geopolymer is normally considered an environmentally friendly binder due to the utilisation of industrial wastes. This study focusses on the potential of geopolymer preparation at room temperature from landfilled fly ash (LFA) which has been discharged to the land for more than three years. To accelerate the reaction process, 20–30 wt.% LFA was replaced by ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS). The effect of water glass modulus, Na2O content, water-to-solid ratio, and GGBS content on the setting time and strength development of the binder was discussed. Results showed that to activate LFA, the optimal value of the sodium silicate modulus for alkaline solution was 1.4–1.6 with a Na2O content of 10%, and the water-to-solid ratio was 0.4. In addition, the setting time of the binder reduced with increasing content of GGBS replacement, and the compressive strength increased due to the coexistence of C–(A)–S–H and zeolite-like phases. The maximum compressive strength of the binder was 29.2 MPa after 56 days of curing. The relatively low strength was likely due to the absence of the Q4 unit with a three-dimensional structure.
Effect of 3D Printed Spatial Reinforcement on Flexural Characteristics of Conventional Mortar
Authors: Katzer Jacek , Szatkiewicz Tomasz
Published: July 2020

In their fourth decade of development, additive manufacturing technologies are slowly entering research programs dedicated to building materials. While the majority of research effort is focused on using 3D printing of concrete, the authors propose using the technology for creation of spatial plastic reinforcement. Obviously, the strength properties of a 3D printed polymer are much lower than those of steel. Nevertheless, the unconventional spatial shape of a 3D printed reinforcement can substitute for much of the lower mechanical performance of polymer. Flexural characteristics of a cement mortar prism specimen reinforced by hexagon spatial elements were tested and analyzed in this paper. The hexagonal geometric shape was chosen due to its high rigidness. It was proven that it is possible to efficiently reinforce concrete beams by spatial 3D printed polymer elements. Directions of needed research were pointed and discussed.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Mixed I-214 Poplar/Pinus Sylvestris Laminated Timber Subjected to Bending Loadings
Authors: Rescalvo Francisco J. , Timbolmas Cristian , Bravo Rafael , Gallego Antolino
Published: July 2020

The structural use of timber coming from fast growing and low-grade species such as poplar is one of the current challenges in the wood value chains, through the development of engineering products. In this work, a qualitative comparison of the behavior of mixed glued laminated timber made of pine in their outer layers and of poplar in their inner layers is shown and discussed. Single-species poplar and pine laminated timber have been used as control layouts. The investigation includes destructive four-point bending tests and three non-destructive methodologies: finite elements numerical model; semi-analytical model based on the Parallel Axes theorem and acoustic resonance testing. An excellent agreement between experimental and numerical results is obtained. Although few number of samples have been tested, the results indicate that the use of poplar as a low-grade species in the inner layers of the laminated timber can be a promising technology to decrease the weight of the timber maintaining the good mechanical properties of pine. Likewise, the need for the use of the shear modulus in both experimental measurements and numerical analysis is suggested, as well as the need to reformulate the vibration methodology for non-destructive grading in the case of mixed timber.
Finite-Time Mittag–Leffler Synchronization of Neutral-Type Fractional-Order Neural Networks with Leakage Delay and Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Popa Călin-Adrian , Kaslik Eva
Published: July 2020

This paper studies fractional-order neural networks with neutral-type delay, leakage delay, and time-varying delays. A sufficient condition which ensures the finite-time synchronization of these networks based on a state feedback control scheme is deduced using the generalized Gronwall–Bellman inequality. Then, a different state feedback control scheme is employed to realize the finite-time Mittag–Leffler synchronization of these networks by using the fractional-order extension of the Lyapunov direct method for Mittag–Leffler stability. Two numerical examples illustrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the deduced sufficient criteria.
Sortase A-Inhibitory Metabolites from a Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus sp.
Authors: Park Sung Chul , Chung Beomkoo , Lee Jayho , Cho Eunji , Hwang Ji-Yeon , Oh Dong-Chan , Shin Jongheon , Oh Ki-Bong
Published: July 2020

Seven alkaloidal compounds (2–8) and one polyketide (1) were isolated from a semisolid rice culture of the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. F452. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic data and comparisons with previously reported data. The alkaloidal compounds (2–8) displayed weak to moderate inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus-derived sortase A (SrtA) without affecting cell viability. Aspermytin A (1) strongly inhibited SrtA activity, with an IC50 value of 146.0 μM, and significantly reduced bacterial adherence to fibronectin-coated surfaces. The present results indicate that the underlying mechanism of action of compound 1 is associated with the inhibition of SrtA-mediated S. aureus adhesion to fibronectin, thus potentially serving as an SrtA inhibitor.
Neurodevelopmental Aspects and Cortical Auditory Maturation in Children with Cochlear Implants
Authors: Pantelemon Cristina , Necula Violeta , Berghe Alexandra-Stefania , Livinț-Popa Livia , Palade Steluța , Văcăraș Vitalie , Mureșanu Ioana Anamaria , Strilciuc Ștefan , Mureșanu Fior-Dafin
Published: July 2020

Background and objectives: The cochlear implant is not only meant to restore auditory function, but it also has a series of benefits on the psychomotor development and on the maturation of central auditory pathways. In this study, with the help of neuropsychological tests and cortical auditory potentials (CAEPs), we intend to identify a series of instruments that allow us to monitor children with a cochlear implant, and later on, to admit them into an individualized rehabilitation program. Materials and methods: This is a longitudinal study containing 17 subjects (6 boys and 11 girls) diagnosed with congenital sensorineural hearing loss. The average age for cochlear implantation in our cohort is 22 months old. Each child was tested before the cochlear implantation, tested again 3 months after the implant, and then 6 months after the implant. To test the general development, we used the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST II). CAEPs were recorded to assess the maturation of central auditory pathways. Results: The results showed there was progress in both general development and language development, with a significant statistical difference between the overall DQ (developmental quotient) and language DQ before the cochlear implantation and three and six months later, respectively. Similarly, CAEP measurements revealed a decrease of positive-going component (P1) latency after cochlear implantation. Conclusion: CAEPs and neuropsychological tests prove to be useful instruments for monitoring the progress in patients with cochlear implants during the rehabilitation process.
Residential Links to Air Pollution and School Children with Asthma in Vilnius (Population Study)
Authors: Alasauskas Sarunas , Ustinaviciene Ruta , Kavaliauskas Mindaugas
Published: July 2020

Background and objectives: Many studies have been carried out on the negative health effects of exposure to PM10, PM 2.5, NO2, CO, SO2 and B[a]P for small populations. The main purpose of this study was to explore the association of air pollution to diagnosis of asthma for the whole huge population of school children between 7–17 years in Vilnius (Lithuania) using geographical information system analysis tools. Material and Methods: In the research, a child population of 51,235 individuals was involved. From this large database, we identified children who had asthma diagnosis J45 (ICD-10 AM). Residential pollution concentrations and proximity to roads and green spaces were obtained using the ArcGIS spatial analysis tool from simulated air pollution maps. Multiple stepwise logistic regression was used to explore the relation between air pollution concentration and proximity between the roads and green spaces where children with asthma were living. Further, we explored the interaction between variables. Results: From 51,235 school children aged 7–17 years, 3065 children had asthma in 2017. We investigated significant associations, such as the likelihood of getting sick with age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.949, p < 0.001), gender (OR = 1.357, p = 0.003), NO2 (OR = 1.013, p = 0.019), distance from the green spaces (OR = 1.327, p = 0.013) and interactions of age × gender (OR = 1.024, p = 0.051). The influence of gender on disease is partly explained by different age dependency slopes for boys and girls. Conclusions: According to our results, younger children are more likely to get sick, more cases appended on the lowest age group from 7 to 10 years (almost half cases (49.2%)) and asthma was respectively nearly twice more common in boys (64.1%) than in girls (35.9%). The risk of asthma is related to a higher concentration of NO2 and residence proximity to green spaces.
Topical Corticosteroids a Viable Solution for Oral Graft versus Host Disease? A Systematic Insight on Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Sava Arin , Piciu Andra , Pasca Sergiu , Mester Alexandru , Tomuleasa Ciprian
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives: This research attempts to provide a clear view of the literature on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) concerning the efficacy of topical dexamethasone, clobetasol and budesonide in oral graft versus host disease (GVHD). Materials and Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases was carried out for eligible RCTs. Studies were included if they had adult patients with oral GVHD treatment with topical corticosteroids, and if the RCT study was published in English. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the quality of these studies. Overall, three RCTs were included (an Open, Randomized, Multicenter Trial; a Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial; and an Open-Label Phase II Randomized Trial). Results: The trials involved 76 patients, of which 44 patients received topical dexamethasone, 14 patients received topical clobetasol and 18 patients received topical budesonide. Topical agents were most frequently used when oral tissues were the sole site of involvement. It appears that the best overall response is present for budesonide with no difference between the four arms, followed by clobetasol, and then by dexamethasone. The limitation of the current study is mainly represented by the fact that overall response was derived in two of the studies from other parameters. Moreover, both budesonide and clobetasol were used in only one study each, while two assessed dexamethasone. Conclusions: Based on the clinical trials, all three agents seem to be effective in treating oral GVHD and had a satisfactory safety profile. There is still a need for assessing high quality RCTs to assess the efficacy of these therapies on a larger cohort.
Behavioral and Biochemical Effects of Mukia madrespatana Following Single Immobilization Stress on Rats
Authors: Samad Noreen , Ali Amna , Yasmin Farzana , Ullah Riaz , Bari Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives: Elevated oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of stress and memory-related complications. Mukia madrespatana (M. madrespatana) has been reported to have various biological and antioxidant properties. We intended to evaluate the effect of M. madrespatana peel on single immobilization stress-induced behavioral deficits and memory changes in rats. Materials and Methods: M. madrespatana peel (2000 mg/kg/day, orally) was administered to control and immobilize stressed animals for 4 weeks. Anxiolytic, antidepressant, and memory-enhancing effects of M. madrespatana were observed in both unstressed and stressed animals. Results: Lipid peroxidation was decreased while antioxidant enzymes were increased in both unstressed and stressed animals. Acetylcholine level was increased while acetylcholinesterase activity was decreased in both M. madrespatana treated unstressed and stressed rats. There was also an improvement in memory function. Serotonin neurotransmission was also regulated in M. madrespatana treated rats following immobilization stress with anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects. Conclusion: Based on the current study, it is suggested that M. madrespatana has strong antioxidant properties and may be beneficial as dietary supplementation in stress and memory-related conditions.
Sustainability-Based Optimization of the Rotary Turning of the Hardened Steel
Authors: Nguyen Trung-Thanh , Duong Quoc-Dung , Mia Mozammel
Published: July 2020

The rotary turning is an effective manufacturing method to machine hardened metals due to longer tool life, higher production rate, and acceptable quality. However, sustainability-based optimization of the rotary turning has not been thoroughly considered because of the huge efforts. This study presents an optimization to enhance the energy efficiency (EFR), turning cost (CT), average roughness (Ra), and the operational safety (POS) for the rotary turning of the hardened steel. Four key process parameters considered are the inclined angle (α), depth of cut (ap), feed rate (f), and cutting speed (vc). The improved Kriging (IK) models were used to construct the relations between the parameters and performances. The optimum varied factors were obtained utilizing the neighborhood cultivation genetic algorithm (NCGA). The findings revealed that the performance models are primarily affected by the feed rate, depth of cut, speed, and inclined angle, respectively. The optimal values of the α, ap, f, and vc are 26°, 0.44 mm, 0.37 mm/rev, and 200 mm/min, respectively. The improvements in energy efficiency, average roughness, and cost are 8.91%, 20.00%, and 14.75%, as compared to the initial values. Moreover, the NCGA may perform an efficient operation to obtain the optimal outcomes, as compared to conventional algorithms.
Effect of Welding Parameters on Friction Stir Welded Ti–6Al–4V Joints: Temperature, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Li Junping , Cao Fujun , Shen Yifu
Published: July 2020

In this study, friction stir welding (FSW) of 2-mm-thick Ti–6Al–4V alloy plates was performed using a newly designed friction tool—and the effect of rotation speed and welding speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated. A simulation model for FSW temperature field calculation was developed, and the effect of rotation speed and welding speed on the temperature field was investigated by experimental and numeric methods. The results show that the rotation speed has a dominant effect on peak temperature, while welding speed determines the dwell time of the weld exposed to high temperatures. In addition, the influence of process parameters on the microstructure of the joints was investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that there was a phase transformation in the stir zone during welding. The final microstructure of the stir zone was fully lamellar (α + β) structure, and the heat affection zone had a bimodal microstructure consisting of prior equiaxed α and lamellar (α + β) structure. Both rotation speed and welding speed affect the grain size of the weld. Lower peak temperature with decreasing spindle speed and/or shorter dwell time with increasing feed rate could produce finer grains in the stir zone of the joints, thereby could lead to higher microhardness value and the tensile strength of the joints.
Thermal Wave Scattering and Temperature Concentration around the Opening in Platinum–Rhodium Leaky Plates
Authors: Jiang Weibo , Zhou Chuanping , Yang Zhixian , Sun Zhi , Ji Huawei , Wang Ban , Wang Qiaoyi
Published: July 2020

Based on the non-Fourier heat conduction wave model, the thermal wave scattering near the opening in the platinum–rhodium glass fiber leaky plate structure is studied by using complex function method and conformal mapping method, and the general solution of the thermal wave scattering problem is given. The boundary condition of the open surface is adiabatic. The influence of the geometrical and physical parameters of the leaky plate on the temperature distribution in the plate is analyzed, and the numerical results of the temperature concentration are given. This study can provide theoretical basis and reference data for the design and optimization of the opening structure of platinum–rhodium glass fiber leaky plate.
Low-Cost PVD Shadow Masks with Submillimeter Resolution from Laser-Cut Paper
Authors: Elhami Nik Farzad , Matthiesen Isabelle , Herland Anna , Winkler Thomas
Published: July 2020

We characterize an affordable method of producing stencils for submillimeter physical vapor deposition (PVD) by using paper and a benchtop laser cutter. Patterning electrodes or similar features on top of organic or biological substrates is generally not possible using standard photolithography. Shadow masks, traditionally made of silicon-based membranes, circumvent the need for aggressive solvents but suffer from high costs. Here, we evaluate shadow masks fabricated by CO2 laser processing from quantitative filter papers. Such papers are stiff and dimensionally stable, resilient in handling, and cut without melting or redeposition. Using two exemplary interdigitated electrode designs, we quantify the line resolution achievable with both high-quality and standard lenses, as well as the positional accuracy across multiple length scales. Additionally, we assess the gap between such laser-cut paper masks and a substrate, and quantify feature reproduction onto polycarbonate membranes. We find that ~100 µm line widths are achievable independent of lens type and that average positional accuracy is better than ±100 µm at 4”-wafer scale. Although this falls well short of the micron-size features achievable with typical shadow masks, resolution in the tenths to tens of millimeters is entirely sufficient for applications from contact pads to electrochemical cells, allowing new functionalities on fragile materials.
Study of Inkjet-Printed Silver Films Based on Nanoparticles and Metal-Organic Decomposition Inks with Different Curing Methods
Authors: Xiao Peng , Zhou Yicong , Gan Liao , Pan Zhipeng , Chen Jianwen , Luo Dongxiang , Yao Rihui , Chen Jianqiu , Liang Hongfu , Ning Honglong
Published: July 2020

Currently, inkjet printing conductive films have attracted more and more attention in the field of electronic device. Here, the inkjet-printed silver thin films based on nanoparticles (NP) ink and metal-organic decomposition (MOD) ink were cured by the UV curing method and heat curing method. We not only compared the electrical resistivity and adhesion strength of two types of silver films, but also studied the effect of different curing methods on silver films. The silver films based on NP ink had good adhesion strength with a lowest electrical resistivity of 3.7 × 10−8 Ω·m. However, the silver film based on MOD ink had terrible adhesion strength with a lowest electrical resistivity of 2 × 10−8 Ω·m. Furthermore, we found a simple way to improve the terrible adhesion strength of silver films based on MOD ink and tried to figure out the mechanisms. This work offers a further understanding of the different performances of two types of silver films with different curing methods.
Facile Fabrication of Self-Similar Hierarchical Micro-Nano Structures for Multifunctional Surfaces via Solvent-Assisted UV-Lasering
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Jiang Qin , Xu Yi , Guo Chuan Fei , Wu Zhigang
Published: July 2020

Cross-scale self-similar hierarchical micro–nano structures in living systems often provide unique features on surfaces and serve as inspiration sources for artificial materials or devices. For instance, a highly self-similar structure often has a higher fractal dimension and, consequently, a larger active surface area; hence, it would have a super surface performance compared to its peer. However, artificial self-similar surfaces with hierarchical micro–nano structures and their application development have not yet received enough attention. Here, by introducing solvent-assisted UV-lasering, we establish an elegant approach to fabricate self-similar hierarchical micro–nano structures on silicon. The self-similar structure exhibits a super hydrophilicity, a high light absorbance (>90%) in an ultra-broad spectrum (200–2500 nm), and an extraordinarily high efficiency in heat transfer. Through further combinations with other techniques, such surfaces can be used for capillary assembling soft electronics, surface self-cleaning, and so on. Furthermore, such an approach can be transferred to other materials with minor modifications. For instance, by doping carbon in polymer matrix, a silicone surface with hierarchical micro–nano structures can be obtained. By selectively patterning such hierarchical structures, we obtained an ultra-high sensitivity bending sensor. We believe that such a fabrication technique of self-similar hierarchical micro–nano structures may encourage researchers to deeply explore the unique features of functional surfaces with such structures and to further discover their potentials in various applications in diverse directions.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the bZIP Transcription Factors in the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans
Authors: Xu Yuping , Wang Yongchun , Zhao Huizhang , Wu Mingde , Zhang Jing , Chen Weidong , Li Guoqing , Yang Long
Published: July 2020

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins family is one of the largest and most diverse transcription factors, widely distributed in eukaryotes. However, no information is available regarding the bZIP gene family in Coniothyrium minitans, an important biocontrol agent of the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In this study, we identified 34 bZIP genes from the C. minitans genome, which were classified into 8 groups based on their phylogenetic relationships. Intron analysis showed that 28 CmbZIP genes harbored a variable number of introns, and 15 of them shared a feature that intron inserted into the bZIP domain. The intron position in bZIP domain was highly conserved, which was related to recognize the arginine (R) and could be treated as a genomic imprinting. Expression analysis of the CmbZIP genes in response to abiotic stresses indicated that they might play distinct roles in abiotic stress responses. Results showed that 22 CmbZIP genes were upregulated during the later stage of conidial development. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis indicated that CmbZIP genes are involved in different stages of mycoparasitism. Among deletion mutants of four CmbZIPs (CmbZIP07, -09, -13, and -16), only ΔCmbZIP16 mutants significantly reduced its tolerance to the oxidative stress. The other mutants exhibited no significant effects on colony morphology, mycelial growth, conidiation, and mycoparasitism. Taken together, our results suggested that CmbZIP genes play important roles in the abiotic stress responses, conidial development, and mycoparasitism. These results provide comprehensive information of the CmbZIP gene family and lay the foundation for further research on the bZIP gene family regarding their biological functions and evolutionary history.
An Input-Output Analysis of the Economic Role and Effects of the Mining Industry in South Korea
Authors: Kim Kyung-Hag , Kim Ju-Hee , Yoo Seung-Hoon
Published: July 2020

The mining industry (MI) has played a role in proving a stable supply of minerals for industrial production and human survival. The South Korean government is implementing various policies to promote the MI and needs quantitative information on the economic role and effects of the MI. Thus, this article aims to derive the information through an input-output (IO) analysis using the recently published 2015 IO table, subdividing the MI into four sectors, namely coal, crude petroleum and natural gas, metal ores, and non-metallic mineral mining, and treating the MI as exogenous rather than endogenous. To this end, three models are employed. First, the production-inducing effects, value-added creation effects, and wage-inducing effects of 1 dollar of production in the MI sector are analyzed using a demand-driven model. One dollar of production or investment in the sector causes 1.81 of production, 0.85 dollar of value-added, and 0.33 dollar of wage, respectively. Second, by applying a supply-driven model, it is found that one dollar of supply shortage in the MI causes 2.24 dollars of production failure throughout the national economy. Third, by utilizing a price-side model, it is discovered that a 10% increase in the price of output of the MI raises the overall price level by 0.025%.
Facile Fabrication of CeO2/Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Vanillin Detection in Commercial Food Products
Authors: Nie Xue , Zhang Rui , Tang Zheng , Wang Haiyan , Deng Peihong , Tang Yougen
Published: July 2020

In this paper, CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the solvothermal method and dispersed uniformly in graphene oxide (GO) aqueous solution by ultrasonication. The homogeneous CeO2-GO dispersion was coated on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and the CeO2/electrochemically reduced graphene oxide modified electrode (CeO2/ERGO/GCE) was obtained by potentiostatic reduction. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that CeO2 nanocrystals were uniformly coated by gossamer like ERGO nanosheets. The electrochemical behavior of vanillin on the CeO2/ERGO/GCE was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). It was found that the CeO2/ERGO/GCE has high electrocatalytic activity and good electrochemical performance for vanillin oxidation. Using the second derivative linear sweep voltammetry (SDLSV), the CeO2/ERGO/GCE provides a wide range of 0.04–20 µM and 20 µM–100 µM for vanillin detection, and the detection limit is estimated to be 0.01 µM after 120 s accumulation. This method has been successfully applied to the vanillin detection in some commercial foods.
Urinary Excretion of N1-Methylnicotinamide and N1-Methyl-2-Pyridone-5-Carboxamide and Mortality in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Deen Carolien P.J. , Veen Anna van der , Gomes-Neto António W. , Geleijnse Johanna M. , Berg Karin J. Borgonjen-van den , Heiner-Fokkema M. Rebecca , Kema Ido P. , Bakker Stephan J.L.
Published: July 2020

It is unclear whether niacin nutritional status is a target for improvement of long-term outcome after renal transplantation. The 24-h urinary excretion of N1-methylnicotinamide (N1-MN), as a biomarker of niacin status, has previously been shown to be negatively associated with premature mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). However, recent evidence implies higher enzymatic conversion of N1-MN to N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2Py) in KTR, therefore the need exists for interpretation of both N1-MN and 2Py excretion for niacin status assessment. We assessed niacin status by means of the 24-h urinary excretion of the sum of N1-MN and 2Py (N1-MN + 2Py), and its associations with risk of premature mortality in KTR. N1-MN + 2Py excretion was measured in a longitudinal cohort of 660 KTR with LS-MS/MS. Prospective associations of N1-MN + 2Py excretion were investigated with Cox regression analyses. Median N1-MN + 2Py excretion was 198.3 (155.9–269.4) µmol/day. During follow-up of 5.4 (4.7–6.1) years, 143 KTR died, of whom 40 due to an infectious disease. N1-MN + 2Py excretion was negatively associated with risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.47–0.79; p < 0.001), and infectious mortality specifically (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.29–0.75; p = 0.002), independent of potential confounders. Secondary analyses showed effect modification of hs-CRP on the negative prospective association of N1-MN + 2Py excretion, and sensitivity analyses showed negative and independent associations of N1-MN and 2Py excretion with risk of all-cause mortality separately. These findings add further evidence to niacin status as a target for nutritional strategies for improvement of long-term outcome in KTR.
Phase Angle: Could Be an Easy Tool to Detect Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation in Adults Affected by Prader–Willi Syndrome?
Authors: Barrea Luigi , Pugliese Gabriella , de Alteriis Giulia , Colao Annamaria , Savastano Silvia , Muscogiuri Giovanna
Published: July 2020

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is the most common genetic inherited obesity syndrome. Obesity-related complications, mostly related to chronic low-grade systemic inflammation (LGI), are the commonest cause of mortality and morbidity in PWS adults. Phase angle (PhA) is an easy tool to screen a state of LGI in healthy subjects and in subjects with obesity and is obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The aim of this study was to validate the PhA in PWS adults as a potential biomarker of LGI. In this single-center, cross-sectional study, fifteen PWS adults (six males, aged 19–41 years, and body mass index (BMI) 31.0–68.0 Kg/m2) and fifteen control subjects matched by gender, age, and BMI were evaluated. PhA values were significantly lower (p < 0.001), while high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in PWS adults compared with controls (p < 0.001), without a gender difference in the latter. After adjustment for gender, BMI, and waist circumference, significant correlation was found between PhA and hs-CRP levels (r = −0.69, p = 0.01). At the ROC analysis, the threshold value of PhA predicting the highest hs-CRP levels above the median value was found at PhA ≤ 4.8° (p = 0.01; AUC, 0.82; standard error, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.00). These results suggest that PWS adults had a significant higher degree of LGI compared with their counterparts. Moreover, our finding suggest that PhA is a valid biomarker of LGI also in PWS adults.
A High-Protein Meal during a Night Shift Does Not Improve Postprandial Metabolic Response the Following Breakfast: A Randomized Crossover Study with Night Workers
Authors: Cunha Nayara B. , Silva Catarina M. , Mota Maria C. , Lima Caio A. , Teixeira Kely R. C. , Cunha Thulio M. , Crispim Cibele A.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the acute effect of a high-protein/moderate carbohydrate (HP-MCHO) versus low-protein/high-carbohydrate (LP-HCHO) meal served at night on the postprandial metabolic response of male night workers the following breakfast. A randomized crossover study was performed with 14 male night workers (40.9 ± 8.9 years old; 29.1 ± 5.3 kg/m2). Participants underwent two different isocaloric dietary conditions at 1:00 h of the night shift: HP-MCHO (45 en% carbohydrate, 35 en% protein and 20 en% fat) and LP-HCHO (65 en% carbohydrate, 15 en% protein and 20 en% fat). Postprandial capillary glucose levels were determined immediately before the intake of the test meal and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the end of the meal. At the end of the work shift (6:30 h), participants received a standard breakfast and postprandial levels of glucose, insulin and triglycerides were determined immediately before and then every 30 min for 2 h (30, 60, 90 and 120 min). Higher values of capillary glucose were found after the LP-HCHO condition compared to the HP-MCHO condition (area under the curve (AUC) = 119.46 ± 1.49 mg/dL × min and 102.95 ± 1.28 mg/dL × min, respectively; p < 0.001). For the metabolic response to standard breakfast as the following meal, no significant differences in glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and HOMA-IR levels were found between interventions. A night meal with a higher percentage of protein and a lower percentage of carbohydrate led to minor postprandial glucose levels during the night shift but exerted no effect on the metabolic response of the following meal. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03456219.
Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Recommendations and Breast Cancer in the SUN Project
Authors: Barrios-Rodríguez Rocio , Toledo Estefanía , Martinez-Gonzalez Miguel Angel , Aguilera-Buenosvinos Inmaculada , Romanos-Nanclares Andrea , Jiménez-Moleón José Juan
Published: July 2020

A proportion of breast cancer cases are attributable to combined modifiable risk factors. The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) has recently updated the recommendations for cancer prevention and a standard scoring system has been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between compliance with the 2018 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations (Third Expert Report) and the risk of breast cancer in the SUN (“Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra”) prospective cohort. Spanish female university graduates, initially free of breast cancer, were included (n = 10,930). An 8-item score to measure compliance to the recommendations was built: body fat, physical activity, consumption of wholegrains/vegetables/fruit/beans, “fast foods”, red/processed meat consumption, sugar-sweetened drinks consumption, alcohol intake, and breastfeeding. A stratified analysis was conducted according to menopausal status. A non-significant inverse association was observed for overall breast cancer. The inverse association became statistically significant for post-menopausal breast cancer after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio for > 5 vs. ≤ 3 points = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.08-0.93). The results suggested that the possible inverse association with breast cancer was attributable to the combined effects of the different nutritional and lifestyle components.
Inhalation of Patchouli (Pogostemon Cablin Benth.) Essential Oil Improved Metabolic Parameters in Obesity-Induced Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Hong Seong Jun , Cho Jinju , Boo Chang Guk , Youn Moon Yeon , Pan Jeong Hoon , Kim Jae Kyeom , Shin Eui-Cheol
Published: July 2020

This study investigated effects of patchouli essential oil (PEO) inhalation on metabolic parameters. First, to characterize aromatic compounds in PEO, solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometric detection was employed in which 19 aromatic compounds were identified. In GC-olfactometry analysis, linalool, α-patchoulene, and β-patchoulene were found to be the constituents exhibiting the highest similarity to the aromatic compounds in patchouli. In an animal experiment using Sprague Darley rats, groups with PEO inhalation had a reduced food intake compared to the control group. Additionally, body weight was lower in the obesity-induced animal model exposed to PEO inhalation than the group without PEO. However, we found no significant difference in organ weights between groups. In our serum analysis, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly higher in the PEO inhalation groups, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content was highest in the positive control group, suggesting that inhalation of the aromatic compounds present in patchouli may improve cholesterol profile. In addition, leptin levels were reduced in the groups treated with PEO inhalation, which explains the differences in food intake and body weight gains. Last, animal groups exposed to PEO inhalation showed a relatively lower systolic blood pressure which suggests that inhalation of PEO (or aromatic compounds therein) may assist in regulating blood pressure. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the inhalation of PEO influenced certain markers related to metabolic diseases, hence provide basic data for future research as to preventive/therapeutic applications of PEO as well as their aromatic constituents.
Dietary Patterns of Adolescents from the Chilean Growth and Obesity Cohort Study Indicate Poor Dietary Quality
Authors: Martínez Arroyo Angela , Corvalán Aguilar Camila , Palma Molina Ximena , Ceballos Sanchez Ximena , Fisberg Regina Mara
Published: July 2020

Diet during adolescence can have lasting effects on nutritional status, health, and development. We hypothesized that dietary patterns with low-quality nutrition are associated with overweightness. We collected data for 882 Chilean adolescents from the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (mean age: 12 years). Dietary intake was assessed through 24-h recalls and weight status data were obtained during clinical visits. Dietary patterns were obtained through exploratory factor analysis. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns and overweight (BMI z-score ≥ 1 SD). Four dietary patterns were identified: “Breakfast/Light dinner”, “Natural foods”, “Western”, and “Snacking”. “Breakfast/Light dinner”, “Western”, and “Snacking” patterns provided higher energy and excess nutrients (sodium, saturated fat, and added sugar). Moreover, adolescents with higher adherence to “Western” or “ Snacking” patterns (third tertile) had higher odds of being classified as overweight (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.103–2.522 and OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.235–2.792, respectively) than those with lower adherence (first tertile). “Natural foods” pattern was also associated with overweightness (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.219–2.754). These dietary patterns were associated with overconsumption of nutrients of public health concern. Three of the four main dietary patterns were associated with overweightness. These results highlight the need of prioritizing adolescents on obesity prevention strategies.