bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cost‐effectiveness analysis of bisoprolol for heart failure
Authors: Varney Susan
Published: July 2002

Aims:

This study considers the cost‐effectiveness of bisoprolol in heart failure patients as an adjunctive therapy to usual treatment.

Methods and results:

A cost‐effectiveness model was constructed using data available from the CIBIS I & II trials and other secondary sources. Differences in patient survival rates were calculated for bisoprolol (n ‐ 1327) and placebo groups (n ‐ 1320) extrapolating data over a 5‐year period, under limited and extended benefits scenarios to calculate life years gained (LYG). Hospitalisation rates were calculated using data from both CIBIS trials. Costs were considered under two different patient management protocols for treatment initiation — shared care by outpatient clinics and GPs and initiation by a nurse working in the community. Discounted LYG were calculated to be 0.228 under the limited benefits scenario and 0.368 under the extended benefits scenario. Under the extended benefits scenario shared care resulted in a cost of £268 per LYG or £412 per LYG for community initiation. Under the limited benefits scenario the costs were a £135 saving and £69, respectively.

Conclusion:

This analysis has shown bisoprolol to be an economically attractive therapy in comparison with other treatments. It is hoped that its adoption by clinicians will be rapid, despite the labour intensive and time consuming up‐titration process involved in its initiation.
OUTCOMES OF HIGH‐RISK WOMEN CARED FOR BY CERTIFIED NURSE‐MIDWIVES
Authors: Davidson Michele R.
Published: July 2002

This study describes the incidence of specific high‐risk factors of a population cared for by a group of certified nurse‐midwives (CNMs) in a Mid‐Atlantic, inner‐city, nonprofit, hospital‐based clinic. Outcomes were compared with all women who delivered in the United States in 1994. Univariate statistics, which consisted of descriptive statistics, frequencies, and percentage distribution, were used. This comparison suggests that CNMs can provide safe care to women with high‐risk conditions. Outcomes for the midwifery sample were more favorable for vaginal births, vaginal deliveries after cesarean section, forceps‐ and vacuum‐assisted deliveries, cesarean delivery, and 5‐minute Apgar scores. The incidence of maternal fever and meconium stained amniotic fluid was higher. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Risks in new drug development: Approval success rates for investigational drugs
Authors: DiMasi Joseph A.
Published: July 2002

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2001) 69, 297–307; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2001.115446
Sphingolipids controlling ciliary and microvillar function
Authors: Kaiser Fabian , Huebecker Mylene , Wachten Dagmar
Published: May 2020

Cilia and microvilli are membrane protrusions that extend from the surface of many different mammalian cell types. Motile cilia or flagella are only found on specialized cells, where they control cell movement or the generation of fluid flow, whereas immotile primary cilia protrude from the surface of almost every mammalian cell to detect and transduce extracellular signals. Despite these differences, all cilia consist of a microtubule core called the axoneme. Microvilli instead contain bundled linear actin filaments and are mainly localized on epithelial cells, where they modulate the absorption of nutrients. Cilia and microvilli constitute subcellular compartments with distinctive lipid and protein repertoires and specialized functions. Here, we summarize the role of sphingolipids in defining the identity and controlling the function of cilia and microvilli in mammalian cells.
Modeling atrial fibrosis in vitro—Generation and characterization of a novel human atrial fibroblast cell line
Authors: Künzel Stephan R. , Rausch Johanna S. E. , Schäffer Charlotte , Hoffmann Maximilian , Künzel Karolina , Klapproth Erik , Kant Theresa , Herzog Natalie , Küpper Jan‐Heiner , Lorenz Kristina , Dudek Svenja , Emig Ramona , Ravens Ursula , Rog‐Zielinska Eva A. , Peyronnet Rémi , El‐Armouche Ali
Published: May 2020

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is regularly accompanied by cardiac fibrosis and concomitant heart failure. Due to the heterogeneous nature and complexity of fibrosis, the knowledge about the underlying mechanisms is limited, which prevents effective pharmacotherapy. A deeper understanding of cardiac fibroblasts is essential to meet this need. We previously described phenotypic and functional differences between atrial fibroblasts from patients in sinus rhythm and with AF. Herein, we established and characterized a novel human atrial fibroblast line, which displays typical fibroblast morphology and function comparable to primary cells but with improved proliferation capacity and low spontaneous myofibroblast differentiation. These traits make our model suitable for the study of fibrosis mechanisms and for drug screening aimed at developing effective antifibrotic pharmacotherapy.
MassiveIoTConnections
Authors: Li Lingxiang , Chen Shiyu , Chen Zhi , Quek Tony Q.S.
Published: May 2020

By 2020, more than 50 billion internet of things (IoT) devices, ranging from critical IoT applications such as autonomous vehicles, manufacturing automation, and VR/AR to massive IoT applications such as smart home, smart farming, and smart energy, will be connected through radio communications. Cost‐effective connectivity and efficient management of such a huge number of heterogeneous devices are the main enablers for IoT services uptake. 5G is particularly suitable for IoT due to its key features as follows: (i) the integration of heterogeneous low‐power wide area (LPWA) radio access technologies, (ii) the introduction of fog/edge computing that brings the cloud functionalities close to front‐end devices, and (iii) the assistance of machine learning (ML) techniques that allows 5G wireless networks to be predictive and proactive. LPWA technologies can provide low‐rate long‐range radio communications, as a complement to the current cellular connectivity technologies. With the assistance fog/edge computing, the IoT network can scale more easily, and also end users can access the network resources more efficiently. ML helps an IoT network to make smart decisions via learning network uncertainties, planning resource allocations, and configuring the associated network parameters in a constantly varying environment. This article provides a comprehensive survey of these technologies. Specifically, the basic requirements and challenges in an IoT network with massive connections are reviewed. The advantages of using fog/edge‐based and ML‐based approaches are summarized. Furthermore, some potential issues caused by massive IoT connections for future work are also discussed.
Energy Harvesting Networks
Authors: Singh Keshav , Ku Meng‐Lin , Flanagan Mark F. , Li Wei
Published: May 2020

In the era of big data, the rapid growth of data services is pushing forward the persistent evolution of wireless network designs to resolve new challenges such as spectrum efficiency, power consumption, quality‐of‐service (QoS), mobility. In particular, energy consumption issues become critical in many emerging wireless applications, for example, in Internet‐of‐Things (IoT), and motivate researchers to revisit the network designs which take the energy efficiency into consideration. Energy harvesting (EH) has recently been advocated as an alternative to perpetually power wireless nodes in the next‐generation wireless networks, especially for the networks that are confined by limited battery to affect the network lifetime or in the hazardous environments that are inconvenient to frequently replace batteries. The characteristics of various ambient energy sources are introduced with the focus of their impact on wireless communication designs, as compared with the conventional grid power supply. The design issues are then elaborated for various modern wireless networks, including cooperative networks, cognitive radio networks, vehicular networks, underwater networks, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks. In particular, two examples regarding with the cooperative communications are provided to get more insight into the methodology for designing EH networks. The design challenges of the incorporation of EH into these wireless networks are highlighted in different EH environments from the underwater, ground to air.
Slicing 5G Networks: An Architectural Survey
Authors: Alex Galis , Francesco Tusa , Stuart Clayman , Christian Rothenberg , Joan Serrat
Published: May 2020

This article surveys the motivation, the benefits, and the challenges of network slicing in the context of research and development of 5G networks and beyond and in particular of the EU H2020 research projects and SDOs' activities.
Data Engineering in Autonomic Networking
Authors: Pastor‐Perales Antonio , López Diego R. , Gómez Sandra , Mozo Alberto
Published: May 2020

Data evidence, supported by appropriate measurements and metadata, is an essential component of any autonomous management applicable to next‐generation networks. To make this data evidence usable, different data engineering techniques have to be applied and, given the nature of network infrastructures and the constraints imposed on them, they cannot be evaluated on running production environments and/or on data directly collected from them. A synthetic data engineering framework, as Telefonica'sMouseworld, is the best choice to accomplish these evolution and validation tasks.

The main components of the Mouseworld are described, including a precise example of how the framework capabilities are applied for the automated generation of STAs (Smart Traffic Analyzers), a family of neural networks suitable to become the next generation of traffic classification tools and services. The matters for future consideration in applying data engineering on next‐generation networks, such as telemetry integration, model‐based orchestration, and intent interfaces are discussed at the end of the article.
5G Development: Automation and the Role of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kilinc Caner , Sun Chuanhao , Marina Mahesh K.
Published: May 2020

5G is expected to be commercially rolled out by 2020 and targets challenging KPI requirements. Due to the increased complexity of the mobile networks, meeting the requirements by the existing manual network operation techniques is infeasible for 5G. Also, the manual daily network operations escalate mobile networks Operation Expenses (OPEX). Without a dramatic increase in OPEX, dealing with the network complexity and meeting the KPIs for each challenging use case is only possible by the realization of autonomous network operation functions. The autonomous networks' components and the intelligent functions are developed with the cutting edge Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) models. Furthermore, to be able to realize the efficient and scalable network automation capabilities, ONAP (Open Network Automation Platform) and OSM (Open Source Management and orchestration) frameworks are proposed for 5G. These frameworks provide a set of plug and play automation functions as well as APIs, which enables the mobile operators to extend the framework capabilities by developing their network automation functions to tackle their individual business and operational challenges. The automated network management and orchestration function, in turn, enables the operators to keep the OPEX to reasonable levels and meet the challenging KPI requirements of 5G. This article as a baseline provides an overview of 4G Long‐Term Evolution (LTE) Self‐Organizing Networks (SON) and presents 5G automation concepts and frameworks. Furthermore, in this article, the prominent 5G automation frameworks namely ONAP and OSM are compared, and evidently, the ONAP framework has enriched network automation functions and stands out as the choice of the majority of the telecommunication industry. Finally, this article summarizes the cutting edges AI models and provides a literature review on AI applications in the scope of mobile network automation.
5G Enabling Technologies and Autonomic Networking
Authors: Carrozzo Gino
Published: May 2020

Upcoming 5G networks are a substantial leap in real converged networks as they support by design a wide range of different services, at scale, with very highly dynamic usage patterns, in massive density, low latency, and very high throughputs. Apart from the radio technology advancements, which will unleash new communication performances, 5G networks and related services are designed to use extensively softwarized network functions to make the overall infrastructure more agile and less costly. The chaining of multiple virtualized network functions for end‐to‐end services and their huge proliferation in multiple per‐tenant instances due to network slicing call for deep use of autonomic networking architectures and techniques to efficiently manage the scale and complexity of network management in 5G contexts.

This article describes the core aspects of autonomic networking for 5G networks, aiming at providing an overview of some recent results of research works in Europe and their relationship to ongoing standardization at ETSI, namely for Zero‐touch Network and Service Management (ZSM) and Experiential Networked Intelligence (ENI).
Resource Allocation in Device‐to‐Device Communications
Authors: Foukalas Fotis
Published: May 2020

The aim of this article is to provide details about the resource allocation in device‐to‐device (D2D) communications. We first present the four different types of mode selection highlighting the main procedures of D2D communications, where two devices can communicate directly to each other. In the sequel, we provide details on the technologies developed under the 3GPP standardization body such as mode selection, network discovery, relay selection and D2D synchronization. We focus on the different type of resource allocations solutions that can be used for the considered technologies that are part of the 3GPP D2D framework. Finally, we discuss the open challenges related to resource allocation in D2D communications with emphasis in V2X communications and mmWave. The conclusion is that we can use different type of solutions for different type of system models depending on the D2D use cases such as V2X, public safety and proximity services.
Interference Management inD2D
Authors: Denis Juwendo , Assaad Mohamad
Published: May 2020

Device‐to‐device (D2D) technology is a promising communication paradigm that enables direct communication between spatially close devices. The D2D technology is very appealing from the standpoint of efficient spatial reuse of resources since it permits to establish communications in networks with higher density of users. Consequently, the introduction of D2D will lead to network performance improvement in terms of spectral and energy efficiency, power consumption, delay reduction, as well as coverage extension. However, implementing D2D technology in 5G networks comes with a set of technical challenges, mainly due to interferences incurred between D2D links and between D2D and cellular users. This article provides a survey of the main interference management frameworks in D2D network in general and underlay D2D communication, in particular. Interference management‐based frameworks can be divided into two main categories: (i) power control and resource management schemes and (ii) advanced physical layer schemes, such as interference cancellation, interference alignment, and multiantenna systems. We provide a brief description of the main studies for the aforementioned categories and discuss the main results.
Mobility Prediction Based Resource Management
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Ozturk Metin , Abubakar Attai I. , Klaine Paulo V. , Hussain Sajjad , Abbasi Qammer H.
Published: May 2020

Owing to the challenging nature of emerging applications, such as augmented reality, 4 K video streaming, and remote surgery, 5G networks are expected to deal with a broad range of issues including higher data rate provision, less energy consumption, lower latency, etc.

Therefore, intelligent and proactive network management is envisioned to be an integral part of 5G in order to make the communication networks more agile, dynamic, and efficient. In this regard, mobility prediction has gained a significant amount of attention owing to their diverse application domains.

This article focuses on discussing the implementation of mobility prediction for resource management in mobile communication networks. After describing the challenges expected from 5G networks with related statistical facts, predictive mobility management is introduced with its distinctive applications.

After that, the use of mobility prediction in communication networks is elaborated according to different resource types, such as radio, energy, and built‐in resources, and the corresponding state‐of‐the‐art literature is classified accordingly.
VNFPlacement and Sharing inNFV‐Based Cellular Networks
Authors: Malandrino Francesco , Chiasserini Carla Fabiana
Published: May 2020

Network function virtualization is one of the most relevant enabling technologies for 5G: conceiving a vertical service as a set of virtual network functions (VNFs) makes it possible to implement a service at the network edge in a fast and flexible manner, using computing, networking, and storage resources available therein. However, while deploying the VNFs composing a service, it is critical (i) to meet the key performance indices required by the vertical and (ii) to use the available resources in the most efficient manner so as to both cope with possible resource shortage and minimize the overall deployment cost.

To successfully address the aforementioned issues, several works have tackled the problem of VNF placement at the network edge and, more recently, the problem of VNF sharing, i.e. of reusing the same VNF for multiple concurrent services.

In this article, we first introduce VNF placement in 5G cellular networks and review existing solutions to this aspect. Then we focus on the problem of how to efficiently reuse VNFs and how to adapt the resources assigned to the virtual machines where such VNFs run, so that that the vertical key performance indicators (KPIs) are still satisfied. Importantly, it has been shown that carefully prioritizing the traffic of the services sharing a set of VNFs can lead to a significant cost reduction while still meeting the services KPIs. Such priorities can be set through an efficient algorithm, which provides a solution within a constant factor from the optimum, in polynomial time.
Reciprocal Signaling between Myeloid Derived Suppressor and Tumor Cells Enhances Cellular Motility and is Mediated by Structural Cues in the Microenvironment
Authors: Shukla Vasudha C. , Duarte‐Sanmiguel Silvia , Panic Ana , Senthilvelan Abirami , Moore Jordan , Bobba Christopher , Benner Brooke , Carson William E. , Ghadiali Samir N. , Gallego‐Perez Daniel
Published: May 2020

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have gained significant attention for their immunosuppressive role in cancer and their ability to contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Understanding the role of MDSCs in driving cancer cell migration, a process fundamental to metastasis, is essential to fully comprehend and target MDSC‐tumor cell interactions. This study employs microfabricated platforms, which simulate the structural cues present in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to elucidate the effects of MDSCs on the migratory phenotype of cancer cells at the single cell level. The results indicate that the presence of MDSCs enhances the motility of cancer‐epithelial cells when directional cues (either topographical or spatial) are present. This behavior appears to be independent of cell–cell contact and driven by soluble byproducts from heterotypic interactions between MDSCs and cancer cells. Moreover, MDSC cell‐motility is also impacted by the presence of cancer cells and the cancer cell secretome in the presence of directional cues. Epithelial dedifferentiation is the likely mechanism for changes in cancer cell motility in response to MDSCs. These results highlight the biochemical and biostructural conditions under which MDSCs can support cancer cell migration, and could therefore provide new avenues of research and therapy aimed at stemming cancer progression.
Calcitriol‐Loaded Dual‐pH‐Sensitive Micelle Counteracts Pro‐Metastasis Effect of Paclitaxel in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Lang Tianqun , Huang Xin , Wang Guanru , Lee Robert J. , Teng Lesheng , Yin Qi , Li Yaping
Published: May 2020

The therapy of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) relies on chemotherapy basing on cytotoxic agents, including paclitaxel (PTX). Unfortunately, PTX will facilitate the invasion of cancer cells and the formation of metastases. To counteract pro‐metastasis of PTX in TNBC therapy, in this work, calcitriol (CTL) is delivered along with PTX by a dual‐pH‐sensitive micelle. The PTX/CTL‐co‐loaded dual‐pH‐sensitive micelle (PCDM) can switch its surface charge from negative to positive at the tumor tissue and release PTX and CTL inside the lysosomes because of the structure change of the polymers composing PCDM under the acidic condition. This property makes PCDM able to escape from mononuclear‐phagocyte system clearance and easy to enter tumor cells. PCDM efficiently suppresses the 4T1 primary tumor growth in mice and inhibits lung metastasis, due to downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and BCL‐2 levels, upregulation of E‐cadherin level, and counteracting the PTX‐induced elevation of C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and Ly6C+ monocytes levels by CTL. PCDM shows good biocompatibility without promoting the serum calcium level. Therefore, the combination of PTX and CTL based on this pH‐sensitive micelle is promising for the TNBC treatment.
Embedded Metal Oxide Plasmonics Using Local Plasma Oxidation of AZO for Planar Metasurfaces
Authors: Sun Kai , Xiao Wei , Ye Sheng , Kalfagiannis Nikolaos , Kiang Kian Shen , de Groot C. H.(Kees) , Muskens Otto L.
Published: May 2020

New methods for achieving high‐quality conducting oxide metasurfaces are of great importance for a range of emerging applications from infrared thermal control coatings to epsilon‐near‐zero nonlinear optics. This work demonstrates the viability of plasma patterning as a technique to selectively and locally modulate the carrier density in planar Al‐doped ZnO (AZO) metasurfaces without any associated topographical surface profile. This technique stands in strong contrast to conventional physical patterning which results in nonplanar textured surfaces. The approach can open up a new route to form novel photonic devices with planar metasurfaces, for example, antireflective coatings and multi‐layer devices. To demonstrate the performance of the carrier‐modulated AZO metasurfaces, two types of devices are realized using the demonstrated plasma patterning. A metasurface optical solar reflector is shown to produce infrared emissivity equivalent to a conventional etched design. Second, a multiband metasurface is achieved by integrating a Au visible‐range metasurface on top of the planar AZO infrared metasurface. Independent control of spectral bands without significant cross‐talk between infrared and visible functionalities is achieved. Local carrier tuning of conducting oxide films offers a conceptually new approach for oxide‐based photonics and nanoelectronics and opens up new routes for integrated planar metasurfaces in optical technology.
Liquid‐Phase Electron Microscopy for Soft Matter Science and Biology
Authors: Wu Hanglong , Friedrich Heiner , Patterson Joseph P. , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M. , de Jonge Niels
Published: May 2020

Innovations in liquid‐phase electron microscopy (LP‐EM) have made it possible to perform experiments at the optimized conditions needed to examine soft matter. The main obstacle is conducting experiments in such a way that electron beam radiation can be used to obtain answers for scientific questions without changing the structure and (bio)chemical processes in the sample due to the influence of the radiation. By overcoming these experimental difficulties at least partially, LP‐EM has evolved into a new microscopy method with nanometer spatial resolution and sub‐second temporal resolution for analysis of soft matter in materials science and biology. Both experimental design and applications of LP‐EM for soft matter materials science and biological research are reviewed, and a perspective of possible future directions is given.
3D Printing of Viscoelastic Suspensions via Digital Light Synthesis for Tough Nanoparticle–Elastomer Composites
Authors: Wang Kaiyang , Pan Wenyang , Liu Zheng , Wallin Thomas J. , van Dover Geoffrey , Li Shuo , Giannelis Emmanuel P. , Menguc Yigit , Shepherd Robert F.
Published: May 2020

The rheological parameters required to print viscoelastic nanoparticle suspensions toward tough elastomers via Digital Light Synthesis (DLS) (an inverted projection stereolithography system) are reported. With a model material of functionalized silica nanoparticles suspended in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) matrix, the rheological‐parameters‐guided DLS can print structures seven times tougher than those formed from the neat polymers. The large yield stress and high viscosity associated with these high concentration nanoparticle suspensions, however, may prevent pressure‐driven flow, a mechanism essential to stereolithography‐based printing. Thus, to better predict and evaluate the printability of high concentration nanoparticle suspensions, the boundary of rheological properties compatible with DLS is defined using a non‐dimensional Peclet number (Pe). Based on the proposed analysis of rheological parameters, the border of printability at standard temperature and pressure (STP) is established by resin with a silica nanoparticle mass fraction (ϕsilica) of 0.15. Above this concentration, nanoparticle suspensions have Pe > 1 and are not printable. Beyond STP, the printability can be further extended to ϕsilica = 0.20 via a heating module with lower shear rate to reduce the Pe < 1. The printed rubber possesses even higher toughness (Γ ≈ 155 kJ m−3), which is 40% higher over that of ϕsilica = 0.15.
A Bright and Stable Violet Carbon Dot Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhang Xinyu , Gu Xiaoqing , Nie Haodong , Zhu Mengmeng , Wang Bo , Gao Jin , Tao Yichen , Zhu Yizhi , Huang Hui , Xu Chunxiang , Shao Mingwang , Liu Yang , Liao Liangsheng , Kang Zhenhui
Published: May 2020

Violet light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with emission at 400 nm are very important for solid‐state lighting, high‐density information storage, display technology, and biology medical treatment. Wide band‐gap semiconductors and/or the semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), typically based on heavy metals such as cadmium and lead, are promising candidates for the violet LEDs, but so far these have had external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) lower than 0.31% (luminance 147.6 cd cm−2; 410 nm). Herein, violet light‐emitting materials and the violet LED devices based on carbon dots (CDots) are presented. The CDots have absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of 23.9% and produce two‐narrow‐peak emission at 382 and 401 nm with narrow full‐width at half‐maximum about 30 nm, respectively. The violet LEDs based on these CDots display high performance with a maximum luminance of 163 cd m−2 (electroluminescence peak located at 408 nm; Commission International de I'Eclairage color coordinate (0.180, 0.121)) and high EQE of 0.831%, exceeding that of previously reported semiconductor QDs‐based violet LEDs. Moreover, these CDots‐based violet LEDs have a high current efficiency of 0.62 cd A−1, a long lifetime (T50, 50 h), as well as a low turn‐on voltage of 3.7 V.
Battery‐Less Soft Millirobot That Can Move, Sense, and Communicate Remotely by Coupling the Magnetic and Piezoelectric Effects
Authors: Lu Haojian , Hong Ying , Yang Yuanyuan , Yang Zhengbao , Shen Yajing
Published: May 2020

The soft millirobot is a promising candidate for emerging applications in various in‐vivo/vitro biomedical settings. Despite recent success in its design and actuation, the absence of sensing ability makes it still far from being a reality. Here, a radio frequency identification (RFID) based battery‐less soft millirobot that can move, sense, and communicate remotely by coupling the magnetic and piezoelectric effects is reported. This design integrates the robot actuation and power generation units within a thin multilayer film (<0.5 mm), i.e., a lower magnetic composite limb decorated with multiple feet imparts locomotion and a flexible piezoceramic composite film recovers energy simultaneously. Under a trigger of external magnetic guidance, the millirobot can achieve remote locomotion, environment monitoring, and wireless communication with no requirement of any on‐board battery or external wired power supply. Furthermore, this robot demonstrates the sensing capability in measuring environment temperature and contact interface by two different sensing models, i.e., carried‐on and build‐in sensing mode, respectively. This research represents a remarkable advance in the emerging area of untethered soft robotics, benefiting a broad spectrum of promising applications, such as in‐body monitoring, diagnosis, and drug delivery.
Is allelopathy from winter cover crops affecting row crops?
Authors: Koehler‐Cole Katja , Everhart Sydney E. , Gu Yan , Proctor Christopher A. , Marroquin‐Guzman Margarita , Redfearn Daren D. , Elmore Roger W.
Published: May 2020

Cover crops (CC) have been explored in corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems for their allelopathic potential to control weeds. However, allelopathic compounds may negatively affect these row crops by reducing germination, emergence, and grain yields. We reviewed studies that document allelopathic effects of CC on subsequent row crops in field and laboratory settings. We summarize the influence of CC management, including biomass production, planting and termination timing on allelochemical quantity. Our review found few studies documenting allelopathic effects of CC on row crops in field settings. Studies that focus on understanding yield impacts of CC on row crops should be designed to include allelopathic CC–row crop interactions. Understanding the link between CC management and allelopathic dynamics can help avoid impacts on the growth and productivity of the subsequent row crop.
Robust and Transient Write‐Once‐Read‐Many‐Times Memory Device Based on Hybrid Perovskite Film with Novel Room Temperature Molten Salt Solvent
Authors: Li Bixin , Yin Hao , Xia Fei , Sun Bo , Zhang Shiyang , Xia Yingdong , Chen Yonghua , Huang Wei
Published: May 2020

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have emerged as a novel class of functional materials with applications in solar cells, photodetectors, light‐emitting diodes, and resistive switching memories. Generally, perovskite films are fabricated with toxic solvents and antisolvent technique under inert atmosphere, which limits the commercial applications of OIHP‐based devices. To address this issue, uniform CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) film is fabricated through a facile one‐step spin‐coating method by directly dissolving perovskite precursor in a room‐temperature molten salt methylammonium acetate under air ambient condition. The nonvolatile resistive switching devices based on MAPbBr3 exhibit robust and reproducible write‐once‐read‐many‐times (WORM) memory properties with a large ON/OFF ratio (106), reliable retention properties (104 s), and somewhat ternary resistive characteristic. The conductive filaments in the perovskite thin film are proposed to induce the electrical conductivity switching. Additionally, the MAPbBr3 films can be dissolved rapidly in deionized water within 5 s, showing the transient characteristics. This work demonstrates a new perspective on the perovskite film fabrication and shows the potential application of MAPbBr3 in transient WORM devices.
Introducing Highly Redox‐Active Atomic Centers into Insertion‐Type Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Yanjiao , Ma Yuan , Giuli Gabriele , Euchner Holger , Groß Axel , Lepore Giovanni Orazio , d'Acapito Francesco , Geiger Dorin , Biskupek Johannes , Kaiser Ute , Schütz Hanno M. , Carlsson Anna , Diemant Thomas , Behm Rolf Jürgen , Kuenzel Matthias , Passerini Stefano , Bresser Dominic
Published: May 2020

The development of alternative anode materials with higher volumetric and gravimetric capacity allowing for fast delithiation and, even more important, lithiation is crucial for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, the development of a completely new active material is reported, which follows an insertion‐type lithiation mechanism, metal‐doped CeO2. Remarkably, the introduction of carefully selected dopants, herein exemplified for iron, results in an increase of the achievable capacity by more than 200%, originating from the reduction of the dopant to the metallic state and additional space for the lithium ion insertion due to a significant off‐centering of the dopant atoms in the crystal structure, away from the original Ce site. In addition to the outstanding performance of such materials in high‐power lithium‐ion full‐cells, the selective reduction of the iron dopant under preservation of the crystal structure of the host material is expected to open up a new field of research.
Ignition mechanism of flammable dust and dust mixtures: An insight through thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry analysis
Authors: Portarapillo Maria , Luciani Giuseppina , Sanchirico Roberto , Di Benedetto Almerinda
Published: May 2020

Understanding flame propagation mechanism and thermal behavior of flammable dusts is of crucial importance, since they strongly affect the flammability and explosion parameters. In a previous work, we found that the volatile point of anthraquinone/nicotinic acid mixtures can be lower than the one of the pure dusts, suggesting a synergistic effect. In this work, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses of anthraquinone/niacin mixtures were carried out both in open and closed cup, to explain the observed synergistic behavior. FTIR analysis on solid residue and evolved gaseous species showed that the mixtures change compositions during the thermal treatment, without undergoing any chemical transformation. The thermal behavior of dust mixtures reveals the presence of a eutectic point, resulting in a volatiles production at lower temperature and accelerating the flame propagation.
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with elevated plasma lysosomal enzymes caused by homozygous variant in MBTPS1
Authors: Carvalho Daniel R. , Speck‐Martins Carlos E. , Brum Jaime M. , Ferreira Carlos R. , Sobreira Nara L. M.
Published: May 2020

Variants in MBTPS1 (membrane‐bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1) encoding the protein convertase site‐1 protease (S1P) were recently reported in a single individual with skeletal dysplasia and elevated plasma lysosomal enzymes. Here, we report the second individual with this newly described autosomal recessive spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (OMIM #618392), presenting severe growth retardation, cataract and dysmorphic features, mainly retromicrognathia. Epilepsy and craniosynostosis were novel findings in our proband. She was found to be homozygous for a novel nonsense variant p.Trp983Ter in MBTPS1. In addition, she had normal levels of lysosomal enzyme activity in leukocytes but elevated levels in plasma. Our description confirms the existence of this new skeletal dysplasia and expands the phenotype and genotype of the disease.
Coppery titi monkey (Plecturocebus cupreus) pairs display coordinated behaviors in response to a simulated intruder
Authors: Mercier Fanny , Witczak Lynea R. , Bales Karen L.
Published: May 2020

Mate guarding and coordinated behaviors between partners are important for the maintenance of monogamous pair bonds. To study the effects of a perceived unfamiliar social intruder on females' behavior, we used coppery titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus). We examined the effects of male aggressive temperament on females' behavior and the effects of each behavior performed by the male on the same female behavior. Using a mirror, we simulated a social intruder in the home territory and scored behaviors using an established ethogram. Based on our analysis of self‐directed behaviors, females do not recognize themselves in the mirror. We then used general linear mixed models to predict percent change in females' behaviors as a function of (a) males' temperament, (b) males' behavior, and (c) an interaction between males' temperament and behavior. Male temperament did not significantly predict female behavior for any of our best fitting models. For percent change in female lip‐smacking, male lip‐smacking significantly predicted female lip‐smacking (β = 0.74, SE = 0.22, t = 3.39; p = .004). There was a positive correlation between male and female agonistic behaviors such as back‐arching/tail‐lashing (β = 0.51, SE = 0.23, t = 2.22; p = .04) and for anxiety‐related behaviors such as leaving the partner (β = 0.50, SE = 0.19, t = 2.68; p = .015), locomotion duration (β = 0.19, SE = 0.06, t = 2.98; p = .02), and locomotion frequency (β = 0.71, SE = 0.14, t = 5.17; p < .001). These findings on coordination of pair‐mate behaviors may explain how titi monkeys display pair bond strength and ensure their reproductive success.
Protracted course of coronavirus disease with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a case report
Authors: Miyamoto Kyohei , Yonemitsu Takafumi , Tanaka Rikako , Nakashima Tsuyoshi , Shibata Mami , Funahashi Ryosuke , Yamasaki Keiko , Yamada Mario , Tamoto Kaori , Akamatsu Keiichiro , Nishio Machiko , Yamaue Hiroki , Kato Seiya
Published: May 2020

Background

Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is a growing concern worldwide. Approximately 5% of COVID‐19 cases require intensive care. However, the optimal treatment for respiratory failure in COVID‐19 patients is yet to be determined.

Case presentation

A 79‐year‐old man with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID‐19 was admitted to our intensive care unit. Prone ventilation was effective in treating the patient’s hypoxemia. Furthermore, the patient received lung protective ventilation with a tidal volume of 6–8 mg/kg (predicted body weight). However, the patient’s respiratory failure did not improve and he died 16 days after admission because of multiple organ failure. Serial chest computed tomography revealed a change from ground‐glass opacity to consolidation pattern in both lungs.

Conclusions

We report a protracted case of COVID‐19 in a critically ill patient in Japan. Although prone ventilation could contribute to treating hypoxemia, its efficacy in preventing mortality from COVID‐19 is unknown.
Quantum Dots for Display Applications
Authors: Shu Yufei , Lin Xing , Qin Haiyan , Hu Zhuang , Jin Yizheng , Peng Xiaogang
Published: May 2020

This article offers a materials‐chemistry perspective for colloidal quantum dots (QDs) in the field of display, including QD‐enhanced liquid‐crystal‐display (QD‐LCD) and QD‐based light‐emitting‐diodes (QLEDs) display. The rapid successes of QDs for display in the past five years are not accidental but have a deep root in both maturity of their synthetic chemistry and their unique chemical, optical, and optoelectronic properties. This article intends to discuss the natural match of QD emitters for display and chemical means to eventually bring about their full potential.
Light/Electricity Energy Conversion and Storage for a Hierarchical Porous In2S3@CNT/SS Cathode towards a Flexible Li‐CO2 Battery
Authors: Guan De‐Hui , Wang Xiao‐Xue , Li Ma‐Lin , Li Fei , Zheng Li‐Jun , Huang Xiao‐Lei , Xu Ji‐Jing
Published: May 2020

A photoinduced flexible Li‐CO2 battery with well‐designed, hierarchical porous, and free‐standing In2S3@CNT/SS (ICS) as a bifunctional photoelectrode to accelerate both the CO2 reduction and evolution reactions (CDRR and CDER) is presented. The photoinduced Li‐CO2 battery achieved a record‐high discharge voltage of 3.14 V, surpassing the thermodynamic limit of 2.80 V, and an ultra‐low charge voltage of 3.20 V, achieving a round trip efficiency of 98.1 %, which is the highest value ever reported (<80 %) so far. These excellent properties can be ascribed to the hierarchical porous and free‐standing structure of ICS, as well as the key role of photogenerated electrons and holes during discharging and charging processes. A mechanism is proposed for pre‐activating CO2 by reducing In3+ to In+ under light illumination. The mechanism of the bifunctional light‐assisted process provides insight into photoinduced Li‐CO2 batteries and contributes to resolving the major setbacks of the system.
A serial of 2D Co‐Zn isomorphous metal–organic frameworks for photodegradation and luminescent detection properties
Authors: Chen Ning‐Ning , Wang Jun
Published: May 2020

A series of 2D isomorphous MOFs [M (HBTC)(BMIOPE)·DMF·H2O]n (M = Zn (1), Zn0.7Co0.3 (2), Zn0.5Co0.5 (3), Zn0.3Co0.7 (4), Co (5), H3BTC = 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid, BMIOPE = 4,4′‐bis(2‐methylimidazol‐1‐yl)diphenyl ether) were synthesized to investigate the correction between the center metal ions and the photocatalytic behaviors. The photocatalytic results show that with the increase of Co2+ content, the photodegradation properties are continuously improved from 1 to 5, which fully indicate that only changing metal ions could regulate the photodegradation properties. In detail, 1 is an inactive photocatalyst to degrade methylene blue (MB), while 5 exhibits preeminent photocatalytic properties under visible light irradiation. Moreover, 1 shows good selective sensing toward Fe3+, Cr3+, UO22+, CrO42− and Cr2O72− ions in aqueous solution. To the best of our knowledge, 1 is the first MOF example for the optical detection of Fe3+, Cr3+, UO22+, CrO42− and Cr2O72− ions in aqueous solution.
Synthesis of nickel sulfide and nickel–iron sulfide nanoparticles from nickel dithiocarbamate complexes and their photocatalytic activities
Authors: Thirumaran Subbiah , Gurumoorthy Govindasamy , Arulmozhi Rajaram , Ciattini Samuele
Published: May 2020

[Ni(dtc)2] (dtc = N‐(pyrrole‐2‐ylmethyl)‐N‐thiophenemethyldithiocarbamate (1), N‐methylferrocenyl‐N‐(2‐phenylethyl)dithiocarbamate (2), N‐furfuryl‐N‐methylferrocenyldithiocarbamate (3), and (N‐[pyrrole‐2‐ylmethyl]‐N‐thiophenemethyldithiocarbamato‐S,S′)(thiocyanato‐N)(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) (4) complexes were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, ultraviolet–visible, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C) spectroscopies. The data were consistent with the formation of square planar nickel(II) complexes, which was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies on 2 and 4. Fe···Fe interactions exhibited by complex 2 led to supramolecular aggregation. The structure of 4 reveals intermolecular and intramolecular C‐H···Ni anagostic interactions. The anion‐sensing properties of 2 were studied with halide ions by cyclic voltammetry. It was observed that 2 acts as sensor for bromide. Complexes 1, 2, and 3, were utilized to prepare nickel sulfide, nickel–iron sulfide‐1, and nickel–iron sulfide‐2, respectively. The composition, structure, morphology, and optical properties of nickel sulfide and nickel–iron sulfides were examined using powder X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible, fluorescence, and infrared spectroscopy. Powder X‐ray diffraction patterns of nickel sulfide, nickel–iron sulfide‐1, and nickel–iron sulfide‐2 indicate the formation of orthorhombic Ni9S8, cubic NiFeS2, and cubic Ni2FeS4, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of as‐prepared nickel sulfide and nickel–iron sulfide‐1 nanoparticles were investigated for photodegradation of methylene blue and rhodamine‐B under ultraviolet irradiation. Nickel–iron sulfide‐1 nanoparticles show slightly higher photodegradation efficiency compared with the nickel sulfide nanoparticles.
2D → 3D corrugated structure self‐assembled from 4,4′‐methylenebis(N‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)aniline and terephthalic acid: Crystal structure and selective anion separations via anion exchange
Authors: Ghorbanloo Massomeh , Saffari Mitra , Asadi Mina , Klopotowski Maximilan , Janiak Christoph , Morsali Ali
Published: May 2020

A new flexible cationic Zn(II)metal organic framework, {[Zn2(BDC)1.5(L)(DMF)]NO3·DMF·solvent}n, MOF 1, which is a corrugated two‐dimensional network, was synthesized by self‐assembly of Zn(NO3)2.6H2O with 4,4′‐methylenebis(N‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)aniline as a neutral ligand and terephthalic acid in dimethyl formamide (DMF) as solvent and characterized by X‐ray diffraction. Because of the presence of uncoordinated nitrate (NO3−) ions in the channels, the compound was employed for ion‐exchange applications. We report a detailed study of the host–guest interaction for a cationic metal–organic framework (MOF) that can reversibly capture nitrate. The recrystallization of the MOF was evaluated by monitoring the anion exchange dynamics using a combination of powder X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra with various kinds of foreign anions. This MOF showed fast and highly efficient Cr2O72− and CrO42−, N3−, MnO4−, and SCN− exchange. The trapping capacities of Cr2O72−, CrO42−, N3−, MnO4−, and SCN− were 105,138, 44,104, and 25mg/g at 25°C after 3h, respectively, and there was good recyclability for capturing N3− and SCN−. {[Zn2(BDC)1.5(L)(DMF)]NO3}n exhibited anion exchange selectivity of SCN− in a solution containing a mixture of 0.025mmol N3−, SCN−, CrO4−2−, Cr2O72−, and MnO4− for 3h and exhibited anion exchange selectivity for SCN− and Cr2O72− in a solution containing a mixture of 0.001mmol N3−, SCN−, CrO42−, Cr2O72−, and MnO4−.
Development of a novel and high performance visible‐light‐induced Cd3OSO4 nanophotocatalyst for degradation of diazinon
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Kakhki Roya , Ahsani Fatemeh
Published: May 2020

One of the most important challenge in recent years is the removal and even better than that the degradation of poisons from environmental systems. Nanostructures due to their interesting properties are very suitable for this purpose. Herein, Cd3OSO4 nanomaterial was synthesized with a simple co precipitation method, characterized and was used, as a visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst in degradation of diazinon. The experimental conditions were also optimized. The results showed degradation efficiency is about 90%. Moreover, some kinetic studies were performed and showed this system obeys first order kinetics. Photo‐ oxidation mechanism was investigated in the presence of hole and electron scavengers. This is the first report on the investigation of the photocatalytic properties of Cd3OSO4 nanomaterial. The calculations of band gap of this new photocatalyst (1.85ev) showed its capability for application as a new visible light driven photocatlyst.
Extracellular matrix: The proteins that function throughout the body
Authors: Svoboda Kathy K. H. , Gordon Marion K.
Published: May 2020

The idea and meetings that planned this issue focused on extracellular matrix (ECM) started over 4 years ago. The invitations were sent to investigators over 2 years ago and manuscripts have been submitted, reviewed, and edited since the summer and fall of 2018. Most of the manuscripts were published in early view in 2019, and we are thrilled to share the final collection. This volume contains 6 reviews, 13 original research papers, and 4 remembrances. Marion (Emmy) Gordon and I organized the articles into seven topic areas, including ECM structure, genetics, and development; cancer; vascular structures and development; inflammation and wound healing; collagen in special structures; cornea and other ocular tissues; and extracellular vesicles. Anat Rec, 2020. © 2020 American Association for Anatomy