bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Si and C additions on the reaction mechanism and mechanical properties of FeCrNiCu high entropy alloy
Authors: Wu Hao , Huang Sirui , Qiu Huan , Zhu Heguo , Xie Zonghan
Published: November 2019

FeCrNiCu based high entropy alloy matrix composites were fabricated with addition of Si and C by vacuum electromagnetic induction melting. The primary goal of this research was to analyze the reaction mechanism, microstructure, mechanical properties at room temperature and strengthening mechanism of the composites with addition of Si and C. The reaction mechanism of powders containing (Si, Ni and C) was analyzed, only one reaction occurred (i.e., Si + C → SiC) and its activation energy is 1302.8 kJ/mol. The new composites consist of a face centered cubic (FCC) structured matrix reinforced by submicron sized SiC particles. The addition of Si and C enhances the hardness from 351.4 HV to 626.4 HV and the tensile strength from 565.5 MPa to 846.0 MPa, accompanied by a slight decrease in the plasticity. The main strengthening mechanisms of SiC/FeCrNiCu composites were discussed based on dislocation strengthening, load bearing effect, Orowan mechanism and solid solution hardening, whose contributions to the tensile strength increase are 58.6%, 6.3%, 14.3% and 20.8%, respectively.
Induction of detrusor underactivity by extensive vascular endothelial damages of iliac arteries in a rat model and its pathophysiology in the genetic levels
Authors: Kim Myong , Yu Hwan Yeul , Ju Hyein , Shin Jung Hyun , Kim Aram , Lee Jaehoon , Ryu Chae-Min , Yun HongDuck , Lee Seungun , Lim Jisun , Heo Jinbeom , Shin Dong-Myung , Choo Myung-Soo
Published: November 2019

We tried to establish a reliable detrusor underactivity (DUA) rat model and to investigate pathophysiology of chronic bladder ischemia (CBI) on voiding behavior and bladder function. Adult male rats were divided into five groups. The arterial injury (AI) groups (AI-10, AI-20, AI-30) underwent vascular endothelial damage (VED) of bilateral iliac arteries (with 10, 20, and 30 bilateral repetitions of injury, respectively) and received a 1.25% cholesterol diet. The sham group underwent sham operation and received the same diet. Controls received a regular diet. After 8 weeks, all rats underwent unanesthetized cystometrogram. Bladder tissues were processed for organ bath investigation, immunohistochemistry staining, and genome-wide gene expression analysis. Awake cystometry analysis showed that frequency of voiding contractions and micturition pressure were lower in the AI-30 group than in sham group (p < 0.01). Contractile responses to various stimuli were lower in AI-20 and AI-30 groups (both p < 0.001). In the AI-20 and AI-30 groups, atherosclerotic occlusion in the iliac arteries, tissue inflammation, fibrosis, denervation, and apoptosis of bladder muscle were prominent compared to the sham. Mechanistically, the expression of purinergic receptor P2X-1 was reduced in the AI-30 group, and the genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed that genes related to IL-17 and HIF-1 signaling pathways including INF-γ receptor-1 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-2 were upregulated in the CBI-induced DUA rat model. A rat model of progressive VED successfully induced DUA. Abnormal tissue inflammation, fibrosis, denervation, and bladder muscle tissue apoptosis may be involved in CBI-induced DUA pathophysiology.
Visualization of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in an inflammatory microenvironment–colorectal cancer network
Authors: Ieda Takeshi , Tazawa Hiroshi , Okabayashi Hiroki , Yano Shuya , Shigeyasu Kunitoshi , Kuroda Shinji , Ohara Toshiaki , Noma Kazuhiro , Kishimoto Hiroyuki , Nishizaki Masahiko , Kagawa Shunsuke , Shirakawa Yasuhiro , Saitou Takashi , Imamura Takeshi , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi
Published: November 2019

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process by which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal characteristics. In malignant tumors, EMT is crucial for acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype with invasive and metastatic properties, leading to tumor progression. An inflammatory microenvironment is thought to be responsible for the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the precise role of inflammatory microenvironments in EMT-related CRC progression remains unclear. Here, we show the spatiotemporal visualization of CRC cells undergoing EMT using a fluorescence-guided EMT imaging system in which the mesenchymal vimentin promoter drives red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression. An inflammatory microenvironment including TNF-α, IL-1β, and cytokine-secreting inflammatory macrophages induced RFP expression in association with the EMT phenotype in CRC cells.In vivoexperiments further demonstrated the distribution of RFP-positive CRC cells in rectal and metastatic tumors. Our data suggest that the EMT imaging system described here is a powerful tool for monitoring EMT in inflammatory microenvironment–CRC networks.
The Replication-Transmission Relativity Theory for Multiscale Modelling of Infectious Disease Systems
Authors: Garira Winston
Published: November 2019

It is our contention that for multiscale modelling of infectious disease systems to evolve and expand in scope, it needs to be founded on a theory. Such a theory would improve our ability to describe infectious disease systems in terms of their scales and levels of organization, and their inter-relationships. In this article we present a relativistic theory for multiscale modelling of infectious disease systems, that can be considered as an extension of the relativity principle in physics, called the replication-transmission relativity theory. This replication-transmission relativity theory states that at any level of organization of an infectious disease system there is no privileged/absolute scale which would determine, disease dynamics, only interactions between the microscale and macroscale. Such a relativistic theory provides a scientific basis for a systems level description of infectious disease systems using multiscale modelling methods. The central idea of this relativistic theory is that at every level of organization of an infectious disease system, the reciprocal influence between the microscale and the macroscale establishes a pathogen replication-transmission multiscale cycle. We distinguish two kinds of reciprocal influence between the microscale and the macroscale based on systematic differences in their conditions of relevancy. Evidence for the validity of the replication-transmission relativity theory is presented using a multiscale model of hookworm infection that is developed at host level when the relationship between the microscale and the macroscale is described by one of the forms of reciprocal influence.
Facile Recoverable and Reusable Macroscopic Alumina Supported Ni-based Catalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Teo Siow Hwa , Yap Davin Kin Yew , Mansir Nasar , Islam Aminul , Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin
Published: November 2019

A γ-NA5 catalyst in the form of pellet was first to be reported and was pioneering in gasification to accelerate the production of syngas through biomass (palm empty fruit brunch) conversion. The synthesised γ-NA5 pellet possesses a high surface area of 212.32 m2 g−1, which renders more active sites for hydrocarbon cracking, subsequently leading to high H2 production (0.0716 m3 kg−1). Additionally, the pellet exhibits remarkable reversibility and reusability with 91% H2 production efficiency being retained after five consecutive gasification cycles. Distinctively, the feature of the synthesised γ-NA5 pellet from the conventional powder-like catalyst is that it eases the separation of the used catalyst from the biomass ash, and subsequently facilitates regeneration solely by calcination process. The loading of 20 wt.% optimised amount of catalyst itself has successfully shorten the completion of gasification process up to 135 min, which is highly feasible for a large scale industrial usage after considering the cost of the catalyst, facile preparation method, and catalyst’s effectiveness towards gasification.
Niche partitioning of microbial communities in riverine floodplains
Authors: Peipoch Marc , Miller Scott R. , Antao Tiago R. , Valett H. Maurice
Published: November 2019

Riverine floodplains exhibit high floral and faunal diversity as a consequence of their biophysical complexity. Extension of such niche partitioning processes to microbial communities is far less resolved or supported. Here, we evaluated the responses of aquatic biofilms diversity to environmental gradients across ten riverine floodplains with differing degrees of flow alteration and habitat diversity to assess whether complex floodplains support biofilm communities with greater biodiversity and species interactions. No significant evidence was found to support a central role for habitat diversity in promoting microbial diversity across 116 samples derived from 62 aquatic habitats, as neither α (H’: 2.8–4.1) nor β (Sørensen: 0.3–0.39) diversity were positively related to floodplain complexity across the ten floodplains. In contrast, our results documented the sensitivity of biofilm communities to regional templates manifested as gradients of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous availability. Large-scale conditions reflecting nitrogen limitation increased the relative abundance of N-fixing cyanobacteria (up to 0.34 as fraction of total reads), constrained the total number of interactions among bacterial taxa, and reinforced negative over positive interactions, generating unique microbial communities and networks that reflect large-scale species sorting in response to regional geochemical gradients.
Rare-earth (Gd3+,Yb3+/Tm3+, Eu3+) co-doped hydroxyapatite as magnetic, up-conversion and down-conversion materials for multimodal imaging
Authors: Ignjatović Nenad L. , Mančić Lidija , Vuković Marina , Stojanović Zoran , Nikolić Marko G. , Škapin Srečo , Jovanović Sonja , Veselinović Ljiljana , Uskoković Vuk , Lazić Snežana , Marković Smilja , Lazarević Miloš M. , Uskoković Dragan P.
Published: November 2019

Taking advantage of the flexibility of the apatite structure, nano- and micro-particles of hydroxyapatite (HAp) were doped with different combinations of rare earth ions (RE3+ = Gd, Eu, Yb, Tm) to achieve a synergy among their magnetic and optical properties and to enable their application in preventive medicine, particularly diagnostics based on multimodal imaging. All powders were synthesized through hydrothermal processing at T ≤ 200 °C. An X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed that all powders crystallized in P63/m space group of the hexagonal crystal structure. The refined unit-cell parameters reflected a decrease in the unit cell volume as a result of the partial substitution of Ca2+ with smaller RE3+ ions at both cation positions. The FTIR analysis additionally suggested that a synergy may exist solely in the triply doped system, where the lattice symmetry and vibration modes become more coherent than in the singly or doubly doped systems. HAp:RE3+ optical characterization revealed a change in the energy band gap and the appearance of a weak blue luminescence (λex = 370 nm) due to an increased concentration of defects. The “up”- and the “down”-conversion spectra of HAp:Gd/Yb/Tm and HAp:Gd/Eu powders showed characteristic transitions of Tm3+ and Eu3+, respectively. Furthermore, in contrast to diamagnetic HAp, all HAp:RE3+ powders exhibited paramagnetic behavior. Cell viability tests of HAp:Gd/Yb/Tm and HAp:Gd/Eu powders in human dental pulp stem cell cultures indicated their good biocompatibility.
Impact of Affective Multimedia Content on the Electroencephalogram and Facial Expressions
Authors: Siddharth Siddharth , Jung Tzyy-Ping , Sejnowski Terrence J.
Published: November 2019

Most of the research in the field of affective computing has focused on detecting and classifying human emotions through electroencephalogram (EEG) or facial expressions. Designing multimedia content to evoke certain emotions has been largely motivated by manual rating provided by users. Here we present insights from the correlation of affective features between three modalities namely, affective multimedia content, EEG, and facial expressions. Interestingly, low-level Audio-visual features such as contrast and homogeneity of the video and tone of the audio in the movie clips are most correlated with changes in facial expressions and EEG. We also detect the regions associated with the human face and the brain (in addition to the EEG frequency bands) that are most representative of affective responses. The computational modeling between the three modalities showed a high correlation between features from these regions and user-reported affective labels. Finally, the correlation between different layers of convolutional neural networks with EEG and Face images as input provides insights into human affection. Together, these findings will assist in (1) designing more effective multimedia contents to engage or influence the viewers, (2) understanding the brain/body bio-markers of affection, and (3) developing newer brain-computer interfaces as well as facial-expression-based algorithms to read emotional responses of the viewers.
Efficiency score from data envelopment analysis can predict the future onset of hypertension and dyslipidemia: A cohort study
Authors: Nakamura Sho , Narimatsu Hiroto , Nakata Yoshinori , Sakaguchi Masahiko , Konta Tsuneo , Watanabe Masafumi , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Ishizawa Kenichi , Yamashita Hidetoshi , Kayama Takamasa , Yoshioka Takashi
Published: November 2019

Primary prevention focuses on ensuring that healthy people remain healthy. As it is practically difficult to provide intervention for an entire healthy population, it is essential to identify and target the at risk of risks population. We aimed to distinguish at risk of risks population using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Efficiency score was calculated from the DEA using a cohort sample and its association with the onset of hypertension and dyslipidemia was analyzed. A stratification analysis was performed according to the number of conventional risk factors in participants. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of the incidence of hypertension and dyslipidemia according to a 0.1-point increase in efficiency score were 0.66 (90% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–0.78, p < 0.0001) and 0.84 (90% CI 0.75–0.94, p = 0.01), respectively. In the stratification analysis, aOR of the incidence of hypertension according to a 0.1-point increase in efficiency score was 0.57 (90% CI 0.37–0.89, p = 0.04) in participants with no conventional risk factors. Participants with lower efficiency score were suggested to be at high risk for future onset of hypertension and dyslipidemia. The DEA might enable us to identify the risk of hypertension where conventional methods might fail.
Lipidomic analysis reveals sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine species associated with renal impairment and all-cause mortality in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Tofte Nete , Suvitaival Tommi , Ahonen Linda , Winther Signe A. , Theilade Simone , Frimodt-Møller Marie , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Rossing Peter
Published: November 2019

There is an urgent need for a better molecular understanding of the pathophysiology underlying development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of the current study was to identify novel associations between serum lipidomics and diabetic nephropathy. Non-targeted serum lipidomic analyses were performed with mass spectrometry in 669 individuals with type 1 diabetes. Cross-sectional associations of lipid species with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin excretion were assessed. Moreover, associations with register-based longitudinal follow-up for progression to a combined renal endpoint including ≥30% decline in eGFR, ESRD and all-cause mortality were evaluated. Median follow-up time was 5.0–6.4 years. Adjustments included traditional risk factors and multiple testing correction. In total, 106 lipid species were identified. Primarily, alkyl-acyl phosphatidylcholines, triglycerides and sphingomyelins demonstrated cross-sectional associations with eGFR and macroalbuminuria. In longitudinal analyses, thirteen lipid species were associated with the slope of eGFR or albuminuria. Of these lipids, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin species, PC(O-34:2), PC(O-34:3), SM(d18:1/24:0), SM(d40:1) and SM(d41:1), were associated with lower risk of the combined renal endpoint. PC(O-34:3), SM(d40:1) and SM(d41:1) were associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality while an SM(d18:1/24:0) was associated with lower risk of albuminuria group progression. We report distinct associations between lipid species and risk of renal outcomes in type 1 diabetes, independent of traditional markers of kidney function.
Impact of stress-induced hyperglycemia on the outcome of children with trauma: A cross-sectional analysis based on propensity score-matched population
Authors: Tsai Yi-Wen , Wu Shao-Chun , Huang Chun-Ying , Hsu Shiun-Yuan , Liu Hang-Tsung , Hsieh Ching-Hua
Published: November 2019

This was a retrospective study of pediatric trauma patients and were hospitalized in a level-1 trauma center from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2016. Stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) was defined as a hyperglycemia level ≥200 mg/dL upon arrival at the emergency department without any history of diabetes or a hemoglobin A1c level ≥6.5% upon arrival or during the first month of admission. The results demonstrated that the patients with SIH (n = 36) had a significantly longer length of stay (LOS) in hospital (16.4 vs. 7.8 days, p = 0.002), higher rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (55.6% vs. 20.9%, p < 0.001), and higher in-hospital mortality rates (5.6% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.028) compared with those with non-diabetic normoglycemia (NDN). However, in the 24-pair well-balanced propensity score-matched patient populations, in which significant difference in sex, age, and injury severity score were eliminated, patient outcomes in terms of LOS in hospital, rate of ICU admission, and in-hospital mortality rate were not significantly different between the patients with SIH and NDN. The different baseline characteristics of the patients, particularly injury severity, may be associated with poorer outcomes in pediatric trauma patients with SIH compared with those with NDN. This study also indicated that, upon major trauma, the response of pediatric patients with SIH is different from that of adult patients.
Author Correction: Selection for background matching drives sympatric speciation in Wall Gecko
Authors: Fulgione Domenico , Buglione Maria , Rippa Daniela , Trapanese Martina , Petrelli Simona , Monti Daria Maria , Aria Massimo , Giudice Rita Del , Maselli Valeria
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper
GPS mobility as a digital biomarker of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a case control study
Authors: Depp Colin A. , Bashem Jesse , Moore Raeanne C. , Holden Jason L. , Mikhael Tanya , Swendsen Joel , Harvey Philip D. , Granholm Eric L.
Published: November 2019

Mobility is an important correlate of physical, cognitive, and mental health in chronic illness, and can be measured passively with mobile phone global positional satellite (GPS) sensors. To date, GPS data have been reported in a few studies of schizophrenia, yet it is unclear whether these data correlate with concurrent momentary reports of location, vary by people with schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects, or associate with symptom clusters in schizophrenia. A total of 142 participants with schizophrenia (n = 86) or healthy comparison subjects (n = 56) completed 7 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) reports of location and behavior, and simultaneous GPS locations were tracked every five minutes. We found that GPS-derived indicators of average distance travelled overall and distance from home, as well as percent of GPS samples at home were highly correlated with EMA reports of location at the day- and week-averaged level. GPS-based mobility indicators were lower in schizophrenia with medium to large effect sizes. Less GPS mobility was related to greater negative symptom severity, particularly diminished motivation, whereas greater GPS mobility was weakly associated with more community functioning. Neurocognition, depression, and positive symptoms were not associated with mobility indicators. Therefore, passive GPS sensing could provide a low-burden proxy measure of important outcomes in schizophrenia, including negative symptoms and possibly of functioning. As such, passive GPS sensing could be used for monitoring and timely interventions for negative symptoms in young persons at high risk for schizophrenia.
A simple enzyme-free SERS sensor for the rapid and sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide in food
Authors: Li Yangyang , Wang Yuqiu , Fu Cuicui , Wu Yan , Cao Haiyan , Shi Wenbing , Jung Young Mee
Published: November 2019

A simple enzyme-free method based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was developed for the first time to detect H2O2 in food by etching a self-assembled film of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on a glass substrate.
Amplified electrochemiluminescence signals promoted by the AIE-active moiety of D–A type polymer dots for biosensing
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Wang Ningning , Gao Hang , Quan Yiwu , Ju Huangxian , Cheng Yixiang
Published: November 2019

Donor-acceptor type conjugated polymers were synthesized to obtain amplified electrochemiluminescence signals promoted by AIE-active moieties.
19F NMR studies on γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase provide mechanistic insights and suggest a dual inhibition mode
Authors: Leśniak Robert K. , Rydzik Anna M. , Kamps Jos J. A. G. , Kahn Amjad , Claridge Timothy D. W. , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: November 2019

19F and1H NMR studies on fluorine labelled γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase provide mechanistic insight into substrate and ligand binding, suggesting cooperativity between two monomers.
Synergistically optimizing the thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline Ag8SnSe6 by introducing additional Sn
Authors: Wang Xiuxia , Liu Chengyan , Chen Junliang , Miao Lei , Wu Shaohai , Wang Xiaoyang , Xie Zhengchuan , Xu Wenjing , Chen Qiufeng
Published: November 2019

Introducing additional Sn into polycrystalline Ag8SnSe6 could manipulate self-defects and improve the crystallinity, and the peak ZT value is significantly improved.
Neutral and cationic phosphine and arsine complexes of tin(iv) halides: synthesis, properties, structures and anion influence
Authors: Greenacre Victoria K. , King Rhys P. , Levason William , Reid Gillian
Published: November 2019

A series of tin(iv) halide complexes with mono- and bidentate pnictine ligands and the influence of various halide abstractors on these is discussed, together with DFT calculations to probe the HOMO/LUMO energies in the resulting species.
Palladium(ii) complexes supported by PBP and POCOP pincer ligands: a comparison of their structure, properties and catalytic activity
Authors: Ding Yazhou , Ma Qiang-Qiang , Kang Jiaxin , Zhang Jie , Li Shujun , Chen Xuenian
Published: November 2019

The structure, properties and catalytic activity of two series of Pd(ii) complexes supported by PBP and POCOP pincer ligands were investigated.
Synthesis and structures of gallaarsenes LGaAsGa(X)L featuring a Ga–As double bond
Authors: Schoening Juliane , John Lukas , Wölper Christoph , Schulz Stephan
Published: November 2019

Oxidative addition reactions of gallanediyl LGa and AsX3 yield gallaarsenes LGaAsGa(Cl)L (X = Cl 1; Br 2) with a Ga–As double bond.
Correction: Understanding cation effects in electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Ringe Stefan , Clark Ezra L. , Resasco Joaquin , Walton Amber , Seger Brian , Bell Alexis T. , Chan Karen
Published: November 2019

Correction for ‘Understanding cation effects in electrochemical CO2 reduction’ by Stefan Ringe et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2019, 12, 3001–3014.
Synthesis of new lophine–carbohydrate hybrids as cholinesterase inhibitors: cytotoxicity evaluation and molecular modeling
Authors: Lopes João Paulo Bizarro , Silva Luana , Ceschi Marco Antonio , Lüdtke Diogo Seibert , Zimmer Aline Rigon , Ruaro Thais Carine , Dantas Rafael Ferreira , de Salles Cristiane Martins Cardoso , Silva-Jr Floriano Paes , Senger Mario Roberto , Barbosa Gisele , Lima Lídia Moreira , Guedes Isabella Alvim , Dardenne Laurent Emmanuel
Published: November 2019

A series of selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors were obtained. The absence of in vitro cytotoxicity and good ADME-Tox profile make these compounds new promising prototypes for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Performance and stability gain in zero-dimensional perovskite solar cells after >2 years when hybridized with silicon nanocrystals
Authors: McDonald Calum , Ni Chengsheng , Maguire Paul , Mariotti Davide , Svrcek Vladimir
Published: November 2019

We report highly stable zero-dimensional (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 photovoltaic cells which demonstrate a 33% increase in performance after 2 years when hybridized with silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs).
Dopant-induced localized light absorption in CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots
Authors: Mokkath Junais Habeeb
Published: November 2019

Doping is known to play an important role in the optoelectronic properties of semiconducting materials.
Bulk gold catalyzes hydride transfer in the Cannizzaro and related reactions
Authors: Fecteau Kristopher M. , Gould Ian R. , Williams Lynda B. , Hartnett Hilairy E. , Shaver Garrett D. , Johnson Kristin N. , Shock Everett L.
Published: November 2019

Disproportionation reactions of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol are catalyzed by bulk gold with hot water as the only other reagent.
Dibenzochrysene enables tightly controlled docking and stabilizes photoexcited states in dual-pore covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Keller Niklas , Sick Torben , Bach Nicolai N. , Koszalkowski Andreas , Rotter Julian M. , Medina Dana D. , Bein Thomas
Published: November 2019

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), consisting of covalently connected organic building units, combine attractive features such as crystallinity, open porosity and widely tunable physical properties.
Correction: MoS2 nanoflowers encapsulated into carbon nanofibers containing amorphous SnO2 as an anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Huanhui , He Jiao , Ke Guanxia , Sun Lingna , Chen Junning , Li Yongliang , Ren Xiangzhong , Deng Libo , Zhang Peixin
Published: November 2019

Correction for ‘MoS2 nanoflowers encapsulated into carbon nanofibers containing amorphous SnO2 as an anode for lithium-ion batteries’ by Huanhui Chen et al., Nanoscale, 2019, 11, 16253–16261.
The effect of chiral N-substituents with methyl or trifluoromethyl groups on the catalytic performance of mono- and bifunctional thioureas
Authors: Vazquez-Chavez Josué , Luna-Morales Socorro , Cruz-Aguilar Diego A. , Díaz-Salazar Howard , Vallejo Narváez Wilmer E. , Silva-Gutiérrez Rodrigo S. , Hernández-Ortega Simón , Rocha-Rinza Tomás , Hernández-Rodríguez Marcos
Published: November 2019

Thiourea organocatalysts with a chiral group containing a trifluoromethyl moiety have better hydrogen bonding properties. However, not all reactions catalysed by bifunctional catalysts are enhanced by stronger NH acidity.
(3S,4R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-N-alkyl-l-homoprolines: synthesis and computational mechanistic studies
Authors: Freitas David S. , Sousa Cristina E. A. , Parente Joana , Drogalin Artem , Gil Fortes António , Cerqueira Nuno M. F. S. A. , Alves Maria J.
Published: November 2019

This is the first synthetic report of (3S,4R)-dihydroxy-N-alkyl-l-homoprolines described so far.
A novel low-bandgap pyridazine thiadiazole-based conjugated polymer with deep molecular orbital levels
Authors: Leventis A. , Chmovzh T. N. , Knyazeva E. A. , Han Y. , Heeney M. , Rakitin O. A. , Bronstein H.
Published: November 2019

A pyridazine thiadiazole acceptor (PzT) has been utilised in the synthesis of a novel low band-gap D–A copolymer PTTPz.
Sodium citrate doped polypyrrole/PS glass capillary tube sensor for ultra-small volume HCl gas detection
Authors: Chen Yuxi , Zhang Wenqian , She Changkun , Li Guishun , Zhang Lihua , Liu Shaohua , Cheng Ya , Jing Chengbin , Chu Junhao
Published: November 2019

A sodium citrate (SC) doped polypyrrole (PPy)/PS capillary sensor was prepared for ultra-small volume HCl gas detection.
Cyanate ester composites containing surface functionalized BN particles with grafted hyperpolyarylamide exhibiting desirable thermal conductivities and a low dielectric constant
Authors: Zhang Xiuyun , Wang Fan , Zhu Yaping , Qi Huimin
Published: November 2019

This graphic show the process of surface functionalization of BN and thermal conductivity of BN-HBP/CE composites with various ratios.
Sulfamides direct radical-mediated chlorination of aliphatic C–H bonds
Authors: Short Melanie A. , Shehata Mina F. , Sanders Matthew A. , Roizen Jennifer L.
Published: November 2019

Amine-anchored sulfamides direct radical-mediated chlorination of aliphatic C–H bonds. The site of C–H abstraction can be modulated by varying the sulfamide nitrogen substituents, a feature that has not been demonstrated with other substrate classes.
Improving the reactivity of hydrazine-bearing MRI probes for in vivo imaging of lung fibrogenesis
Authors: Akam Eman A. , Abston Eric , Rotile Nicholas J. , Slattery Hannah R. , Zhou Iris Y. , Lanuti Michael , Caravan Peter
Published: November 2019

Improving the aldehyde-reactivity of hydrazine molecular probes translates to increased on-target accumulation in fibrotic lungs and superior visualization of disease.
A stretchable, conformable, and biocompatible graphene strain sensor based on a structured hydrogel for clinical application
Authors: Cai Yuting , Qin Jinbao , Li Weimin , Tyagi Abhishek , Liu Zhenjing , Hossain Md Delowar , Chen Haomin , Kim Jang-Kyo , Liu Hongwei , Zhuang Minghao , You Jiawen , Xu Feng , Lu Xinwu , Sun Dazhi , Luo Zhengtang
Published: November 2019

With the increasing demand for wearable and implantable electronics, structured sensors with exceptional performance in sensitivity, stretchability, biocompatibility, and adhesion to the biological surfaces have become essential.
All-organic room temperature thermally switchable dielectric system
Authors: Meng Peng , Zhang Quan , Wu Yulong , Li Renying , Tang Xuyao , Cheng Guoan , Wu Xiaoling , Wu Shaolong , Zheng Ruiting
Published: November 2019

Room temperature switchable dielectric materials have great potential in applications such as smart sensors, energy storage and circuit protection.
Oxygen heterocycle-fused indacenodithiophenebithiophene enables an efficient non-fullerene molecular acceptor
Authors: Xia Chaochao , Wu Hao , Yue Qihui , Chen Shanshan , Shui Lingling , Fan Haijun , Zhu Xiaozhang
Published: November 2019

Fusing oxygen heterocycles into an indacenodithiophenebithiophene core contributes to realizing low bandgap non-fullerene molecular acceptors with a power conversion efficiency exceeding 8%.
Improving LMOF luminescence quantum yield through guest-mediated rigidification
Authors: Lustig William P. , Teat Simon J. , Li Jing
Published: November 2019

Rotation of a specific pyridyl ring in LMOF-236 is locked by loading guest molecules into the MOF's pore, improving quantum yield by nearly 400%–an example of a generalizable strategy for maximizing quantum yield via guest-packing rigidification.
Investigation on space charge and charge trap characteristics of gamma‐irradiated epoxy micro–nano composites
Authors: Sukesh Babu Myneni , Sarathi Ramanujam , Jayantilal Vasa Nilesh , Imai Takahiro
Published: November 2019

Epoxy nano–micro composite specimen prepared with micro silica and ion trapping nanoparticle, by shear mixing process, was exposed to gamma radiation and its performance for space charge and charge trap characteristics were analysed. The threshold for space charge accumulation of epoxy nanocomposites reduces and rate of space charge accumulation increases with an increase in dosage of gamma irradiation. The average growth of space charge density during poling and charge decay rate during depoling are relatively higher for gamma‐irradiated specimens than the virgin specimen. The initial surface potential has a marginal reduction with increase in the dosage of gamma radiation, but the surface potential decay rate has increased significantly. Trap distribution characteristics indicate more number of shallow traps and increase in charge mobility after irradiation. The relative permittivity and loss tangent of the specimens have high impact due to gamma irradiation. The activation energy calculated from DC conductivity by Arrhenius law reduces with increment in radiation dose. Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy reflected no change in elemental composition with gamma‐irradiated specimen. The variation in plasma temperature and ion line to atomic line intensity ratio with dosage of gamma radiation have direct correlation to the Vickers hardness number of the specimens.
Trade‐offs between the quality of service, computational cost and cooling complexity in interference‐dominated multi‐user SDMA systems
Authors: Aslan Yanki , Puskely Jan , Roederer Antoine , Yarovoy Alexander
Published: November 2019

The future fifth generation (5G) systems will aim to design low‐cost phased array base station antenna systems at mm‐waves for simultaneous multiple beamforming with enhanced spatial multiplexing, limited interference, acceptable power consumption, suitable processing complexity, and passive cooling. In this study, a multi‐user space division multiple access (SDMA) model is developed to investigate the trade‐off between the quality of service (QoS), computational complexity in beamforming and cooling requirements for various use cases, and a number of users. The QoS at the user ends is rated by assessing the statistical signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratios (SINRs). Two beamforming algorithms, namely conjugate beamforming (CB) and zero‐forcing (ZF), are considered and compared. Depending on the deployment scenario, rotated and optimised array layouts are proposed to be used in CB with the least computational complexity while providing relatively good QoS. Different reduced‐complexity ZF algorithms are introduced as a compromise between the SINR performance and computational burden. The impact of the number of simultaneously served users on the thermal management in active integrated 5G base station antenna arrays is investigated as well.
Monitoring of the transmission line galloping with a novel distributed optical fibre sensor and its statistical data analysis
Authors: Wu Huijuan , Tang Bo , Xiao Yao , Qiu Haoyu , Zheng Yi , Rao Yunjiang
Published: November 2019

The wind‐induced galloping of the overhead transmission line threatens safety and serviceability of the power systems. In this study, a novel distributed optical fibre sensor system based on the polarisation‐sensitive optical time‐domain reflectometry technology is proposed, which can monitor the long‐distance transmission line of over dozens of kilometres online in full scale by measuring its accompanying overhead ground wire grounding wire. Also it has good ability for surviving in harsh environments and easy maintenance. To meet the needs of long‐distance monitoring, an equalisation processing method is used to reduce the influence of signal attenuation with the fibre length extension. In the continuous time–space statistics, adaptive galloping signal detection and the galloping level division of wind‐induced disturbances are realised through the boxplot method; and in the continuous frequency–space statistics, the galloping frequency distribution along the cable is analysed simultaneously. Through the time–space and the frequency–space statistics upon the big data, the abnormal galloping moments and locations can be determined automatically in real time.
Patch and monopole antennas in linear coprime arrays for direction of arrival estimation using compressed sensing
Authors: Oweis Ahmad I. , Alawsh Saleh A. , Muqaibel Ali H. , Sharawi Mohammad S.
Published: November 2019

Original work on direction of arrival (DOA) estimation relied on uniform linear arrays (ULAs) of antennas. Most of the work focused on improving the algorithms and the configuration of the antenna array and overlooked the effects of practical antennas on the algorithm performance. Very limited work studied DOA estimation within the physical limitations of handheld devices. In this work, we introduce three nonuniform linear coprime arrays based on patch and monopole antenna elements operating in 2.1 and 5.8 GHz bands and assess their behaviour in DOA estimation. The complex radiation patterns of the arrays were incorporated in the DOA estimation algorithm using compressed sensing (CS). Estimation accuracy is quantified by the root mean square error (RMSE) and the results are compared with those obtained by using isotropic antennas, showing that physical antennas can introduce up to 8° of error. Simulations were also carried out using the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm to demonstrate the advantage of CS in coprime arrays. The MUSIC algorithm failed to detect all sources even at maximum SNR. The impact of reducing the fundamental inter‐element spacing in coprime arrays below to achieve smaller array sizes is investigated as well.
High efficiency wide input extreme output (WIEO) tapped inductor buck–boost converter for high power LED lighting
Authors: Pal Somnath , Singh Bhim , Shrivastava Ashish
Published: November 2019

A power factor corrected single switch tapped‐inductor buck–boost converter is proposed to achieve improved efficiency in extreme step‐up and step‐down conditions. This new and modified topology is having diode‐tapped and switch‐tapped configurations for step‐down and step‐up modes of operation, respectively. The proposed modified buck–boost converter is designed to operate in critical conduction mode (CrCM) to achieve quasi‐resonant operation. Both the buck and boost functionalities of the buck–boost converter are analysed using state space analysis with closed loop stability under varying input and output conditions. Several advantages and necessity of tapped versions are discussed and implemented under wide input and extreme output (WIEO) conditions. Two different prototypes are developed at extreme buck and boost levels to establish the benefits of the proposed arrangements. The efficiency improvement of the proposed converter is compared with the conventional buck–boost converter. The achieved efficiency of diode‐tapped buck mode and switch‐tapped boost mode is found 95% and total harmonic distortion is observed only 4% at 230 V AC mains for a prototype of 150 W, which is much improved results as compared to the previous research work on the tapped‐inductor converter.
Review on topology‐based dc short‐circuit fault ride‐through strategies for MMC‐based HVDC system
Authors: Wan Yihao , Mao Mingxuan , Zhou Lin , Xi Xinze , Xie Bao , Zhou Siyu
Published: November 2019

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) based high‐voltage direct‐current (HVDC) transmission system is a promising solution to the bulk power transmission over a long distance, especially for renewable energy integration. However, conventional half‐bridge submodules MMC topology is susceptible to dc faults. In this study, dc short‐circuit fault analysis and a review on recent advances in clearing dc fault current utilising different topologies are presented. Furthermore, the MMC can also work as a static synchronous compensator, producing reactive power to support the grid and improving the stability of the system when dc fault occurs. Finally, the comparison for different topologies in terms of device cost, estimated power losses, dc fault ride‐through capability, and reactive power compensation capability is given.
Ultrasensitive immunosensor for AFP detection based on Cu2 O to generate electrical signals
Authors: Zhao Chulei , Cao Kaihang , Ma Chaoyun , Li Wenjun , Song Yiju , Qiao Xiuwen , Hong Chenglin
Published: November 2019

In this experiment, a Cu2 O spherical nanoparticle was reduced by hydrothermal reaction to prepare a label‐free electrochemical immunosensor based on a novel signal amplification strategy. Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes are a platform that combines cuprous oxide with carbon nanotubes. Nanogold was modified on the surface of cuprous oxide nanospheres by electrostatic adsorption to further amplify the electrochemical signal and link‐supported anti‐alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP). Under optimal conditions, the proposed immunosensor has a wide linear range from 0.001 to 40 ng/ml, with a detection limit as low as 0.33 pg/ml (S /N = 3). Furthermore, the proposed label‐free immunosensor has been used to determine AFP in human serum with satisfactory results. At the same time, it has good reproducibility, acceptable selectivity and long‐term stability, and has broad application prospects in biometric analysis.
Impact of non‐uniformly doped double‐gate junctionless transistor on the performance of 6T‐SRAM bitcell
Authors: Panigrahi Spandita , Sahu Prasanna Kumar , Lenka Annada Shankar
Published: November 2019

This work substantiates the impact of Gaussian doping on the electrical performance of double gate junctionless field‐effect transistor (DG‐JLFET). To get a better understanding of the influence of non‐uniform doping, the device is compared with uniform‐doped DG‐JLFET with various concentrations. The device is later used to demonstrate its usability in six‐transistor static random access memory (6T SRAM) bitcell by studying the performance metrics, i.e. stability noise margin and write delay. A comparison of performance metrics is also given with uniformly doped DG‐JLFET‐based‐6T SRAM. Improvement in static noise margin was observed with Gaussian doping without compromising with write access time.
Simulating MOS science on the ELT: Lyα forest tomography
Authors: Japelj J. , Laigle C. , Puech M. , Pichon C. , Rahmani H. , Dubois Y. , Devriendt J. E. G. , Petitjean P. , Hammer F. , Gendron E. , Kaper L. , Morris S. , Pirzkal N. , Sánchez-Janssen R. , Slyz A. , Vergani S. D. , Yang Y.
Published: November 2019

Mapping the large-scale structure through cosmic time has numerous applications in studies of cosmology and galaxy evolution. At z ≳ 2, the structure can be traced by the neutral intergalactic medium (IGM) by way of observing the Lyα forest towards densely sampled lines of sight of bright background sources, such as quasars and star-forming galaxies. We investigate the scientific potential of MOSAIC, a planned multi-object spectrograph on the European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), for the 3D mapping of the IGM at z ≳ 3. We simulated a survey of 3 ≲ z ≲ 4 galaxies down to a limiting magnitude of mr ∼ 25.5 mag in an area of 1 degree2 in the sky. Galaxies and their spectra (including the line-of-sight Lyα absorption) were taken from the lightcone extracted from the Horizon-AGN cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. The quality of the reconstruction of the original density field was studied for different spectral resolutions (R = 1000 and R = 2000, corresponding to the transverse typical scales of 2.5 and 4 Mpc) and signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of the spectra. We demonstrate that the minimum S/N (per resolution element) of the faintest galaxies that a survey like this has to reach is S/N = 4. We show that a survey with this sensitivity enables a robust extraction of cosmic filaments and the detection of the theoretically predicted galaxy stellar mass and star-formation rate gradients towards filaments. By simulating the realistic performance of MOSAIC, we obtain S/N(Tobs, R, mr) scaling relations. We estimate that ≲35 (65) nights of observation time are required to carry out the survey with the instrument’s high multiplex mode and with a spectral resolution of R = 1000 (2000). A survey with a MOSAIC-concept instrument on the ELT is found to enable the mapping of the IGM at z >  3 on Mpc scales, and as such will be complementary to and competitive with other planned IGM tomography surveys.
Heat transfer in fluidized and fixed beds of adsorption chillers
Authors: Krzywanski Jaroslaw , Grabowska Karolina , Sosnowski Marcin , Zylka Anna , Kulakowska Anna , Czakiert Tomasz , Sztekler Karol , Wesolowska Marta , Nowak Wojciech
Published: November 2019

An innovative idea, shown in the paper constitutes in the use of the fluidized bed of sorbent, instead of the conventional, fixed-bed, commonly used in the adsorption chillers. Bed–to–wall heat transfer coefficients for fixed and fluidized beds of adsorbent are determined. Sorbent particles diameters and velocities of fluidizing gas are discussed in the study. The calculations confirmed, that the bed–to–wall heat transfer coefficient in the fluidized bed of adsorbent is muchhigher than that in a conventional bed.
Integration of adsorption chillers with combined cycle gas turbine
Authors: Sztekler Karol , Kalawa Wojciech , Mika Łukasz , Krzywanski Jarosław , Grabowska Karolina , Sosnowski Marcin , Lis Łukasz , Nowak Wojciech , Łukasz Lis Artur , Siwek Tomasz
Published: November 2019

More efficient use of the primary energy contained in fuels translates into tangible earnings for power plants while reductions in the amounts of fuel burned, and of non-renewable resources in particular, certainly have a favourable impact on the natural environment. The main aim of the paper is to investigate the contribution of theuse of adsorption chillers to improve the production energy efficiencyin combined cycle gas turbine. Simulation calculations were performed using Sim tech's IPSEPro software.
Validation of Combustion Models for Lifted Hydrogen Flame
Authors: Cemal Benim Ali , Pfeiffelmann Björn
Published: November 2019

Within a Reynolds Averaged Numerical Simulation (RANS) approach for turbulence modelling, a computational investigation of a turbulent lifted H2/N2flame is presented. Various turbulent combustion models are considered including the Eddy Dissipation Model (EDM), the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC), and the composition Probability Density Function transport model (PDF) in combination with different detailed and global reaction mechanisms. Turbulence is modelled using the Standard k-ɛ model, which has proven to offer a good accuracy, based on a preceding validation study for an isothermal H2/N2jet. Results are compared with the published measurements for a lifted H2/N2flame, and the relative performance ofthe turbulent combustion models are assessed. It is observed that the prediction quality can vary largely depending on the reaction mechanism and the turbulent combustion model. The best and quite satisfactory agreement with experiments is provided by two detailed reaction mechanisms applied with a PDF model.
The heat transfer and instabilities results during the onset of flow boiling in minichannels
Authors: Maciejewska Beata , Piasecka Magdalena , Piasecki Artur
Published: November 2019

The paper discusses the results of flow boiling heat transfer in minichannels obtained on the basis of time-dependent experiments. The main interest of the work was to investigate the occurrence of the accompanying instabilities during the boiling incipience. The essential part of the experimental standwas a test section with two minichannels, each of 1.7 mm depth. The heated element for FC–72flowing along the minichannels was a thin foil. In the tested minichannel, the temperature of the outer surface of the foil was measured due to thermoelements. The onset of flow boiling in minichannels was induced by increasing the heat flux supplied to the heater. The main aims of the investigation were to determine the heat transfer coefficient by means of the FEM with time—dependent Trefftz–type basis functions based on the Hermite interpolation and to recognize dynamic instabilities during boiling incipience. The results were illustrated as: the heat transfer coefficient, the mass flow rate and the inletpressure versustime and as boiling curves.