bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VLC performance in underground vehicular tunnels
Authors: Ramzi Sarmad R. , Hameed Samir M. , Sabri Atheer A.
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the integration of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) has gained popularity as a means of enhancing the safety of roadways and underground tunnels and reducing traffic congestion. Given the fact that conventional radio frequency (RF) communication systems are vulnerable to significant limitations as a result of a variety of factors, including signal attenuation and interference, which affect their application, the emerging visible light communication (VLC) technology is an exciting potential candidate for facilitating wireless access in such environments. This study investigates the deployment of VLC systems in underground vehicular tunnels involving a handover strategy based on the software-defined network (SDN) approach, with the objective of addressing the fundamental challenges faced by communication systems in such scenarios. The Optisystem software is used to simulate and investigate the performance of the proposed system, which is based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology in both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. The simulated scenario is capable of achieving a data rate of 10 Gbps within a link range of 3 meters in the LOS approach. In the NLOS propagation model, a data rate of 2 Gbps can be attained without any error. The simulation results reveal a particular perspective on the viability of VLC systems in improving the communication infrastructure in underground vehicular tunnels and promoting efficient tunnel operations. The evaluation of the simulated system is conducted based on bit error rate (BER), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the constellation diagram.
Laser Pulse Diagnostics of Ultrafast <8 fs Pulses Through Two-Photon Absorption Fluorescence In Liquid Media - The Role of GVD and Third-Order Dispersion
Authors: Mahmood Asad , Puente Raúl , Batelaan Herman , Uiterwaal Cornelis
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the propagation of an ultrafast laser pulse through a liquid medium. A femtosecond laser oscillator with a pulse duration of less than 8 fs is used. By conducting experiments with coumarin and fluorescein dyes in water, methanol, and chloroform, we analyze two-photon absorption (TPA) fluorescence, a method pioneered by Schröder [Opt. Express 14, 10125 (2006)]. A numerical algorithm we developed to model the fluorescence signal determines the group velocity dispersion (GVD), the third-order dispersion (TOD), and the group delay dispersion (GDD). Autocorrelation measurements combined with a detailed analysis confirm the validity of our method and the accuracy of the retrieved temporal profile of the pulse. This cost-effective approach is robust and useful for laser pulse characterization, outperforming traditional methods in terms of alignment sensitivity. Our method allows us to study the time evolution of the pulses as they propagate through the liquid, determines higher-order phase terms as acquired by the pulse while reflecting off the chirped mirrors and propagating through the liquid, and even works for non-Gaussian spectral intensities of the laser.
Risk of death in England following a positive SARS-CoV-2 test: A retrospective national cohort study (March 2020 to September 2022)
Authors: Bauer-Staeb Clarissa , Holleyman Richard James , Barnard Sharmani , Hughes Andrew , Dunn Samantha , Fox Sebastian , Fitzpatrick Justine , Newton John , Fryers Paul , Burton Paul , Goldblatt Peter
Published: October 2024

Background

We aimed to estimate the relative risk of mortality following a first positive SARS-CoV-2 test during the first, second, and third waves of the COVID-19pandemic in England by age, sex, and vaccination status, taking into account pre-existing health conditions and lifestyle factors.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all individuals registered with the National Health Service (NHS) in England from 1 March 2020 to September 2022. Data for all individuals were obtained and linked including primary care records, hospital admission episodes, SARS-CoV-2 test results, vaccinations, and death registrations. We fitted Cox Proportional Hazards models with time dependent covariates for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection to model the risk of subsequent mortality.

Results

The hazard ratio for death after testing positive for subsequent, compared with those not testing positive, amongst unvaccinated individuals, ranged from 11 to 89 by age and sex, in the first four weeks following a positive test in wave one and reduced to 14 to 50 in wave three. This hazard was further reduced amongst those who had three vaccines to between 1.4 and 7 in wave three.

Conclusions

This study provides robust estimates of increased mortality risk among those who tested positive over the first three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in England. The estimates show the impact of various factors affecting the risk of mortality from COVID-19. The results provide the first step towards estimating the magnitude and pattern of mortality displacement due to COVID-19, which is essential to understanding subsequent mortality rates in England.
Hederagenin regulates the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through FOXO signaling pathway
Authors: Bao Shuchang , Li Songzhe , Sun Yang
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of Hederagenin (HG) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore its potential molecular mechanisms.

Materials and methods

Virtual screening was employed to identify potential targets within core pathways of liver cancer and to analyze the possible mechanisms of HG. CCK-8 assays were used to assess the viability of HCC cells, while Hoechst 33342/PI staining was utilized to evaluate apoptosis. The migration and invasion abilities of HCC cells were examined using Transwell and scratch assays, and single-cell cloning ability was assessed via colony formation assays. Subsequent qRT-PCR was conducted to determine the mRNA expression levels of FOXO1 and FOXO6 following HG treatment. Western blot (WB) analysis was employed to measure the protein expression levels of IGF1R, FOXO1, FOXO6, MMP2, MMP9, and VEGFA, as well as the phosphorylation status of FOXO1 Ser249.

Results

Virtual screening indicated that HG might exert antitumor effects through the FOXO signaling pathway. Experimental results demonstrated that HG induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion, and single-cell cloning ability of HCC cells. After HG treatment, FOXO1 expression was upregulated, while the expression levels of IGF1R, phosphorylated FOXO1 Ser249, MMP2, MMP9, and VEGFA were downregulated.

Conclusion

In summary, our study is the first to demonstrate that HG regulates the phosphorylation of FOXO1, affecting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. The findings suggest that HG can inhibit the migration of HCC cells in vitro. The data indicate that HG-mediated targeting of the FOXO1/FOXO6 pathway holds promise as a novel therapeutic approach.
Is cannabis a slippery slope? Associations between psychological dysfunctioning, other substance use, and impaired driving, in a sample of active cannabis users
Authors: Love Steven , Rowland Bevan , Armstrong Kerry
Published: October 2024

Cannabis is a gateway drug that can lead to the engagement of other substances. Psychological dysfunctioning and dependence have been highlighted as primary components to substance misuse. The purpose of this study was to investigate what aspects of cannabis use and psychological dysfunctioning are associated with the engagement of other substances and impaired driving. Subject to screening, 200 active adult cannabis users completed an online survey. Existing data involving non-cannabis users (N = 833) were also implemented as comparative data. The comparisons suggested that cannabis users were far more likely to have used other drugs in the past 12 months, compared to non-cannabis users. Bivariate correlations and multiple regressions indicated that the degree of cannabis use and likely dependence, psycho-social motives for using cannabis, emotion dysregulation, and psychopathology were positively associated with the frequency of using and driving on other substances. Finally, an ANOVA demonstrated that outside of age, there were no apparent differences in substance use behaviours, motives for using cannabis, and psychological dysfunction, between medicinal and black-market cannabis users. These findings highlight the potential benefits of incorporating self-regulatory concepts into current road safety initiatives, which aim to reduce the interconnected issue of substance misuse and impaired driving behaviours.
Ilia Tanár Úr és a figyelem
Authors: Kolozsi Orsolya
Published: October 2024

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Family History of Colorectal Cancer and the Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gao Kai , Jin Huyi , Yang Yi , Li Jiayu , He Yuanliang , Zhou Ruiyao , Zhang Wanting , Gao Xiangrong , Yang Zongming , Tang Mengling , Wang Jianbing , Ye Ding , Chen Kun , Jin Mingjuan
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Although there is enough pooled evidence supporting the positive association between family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) in first-degree relatives (FDRs) and the risk of CRC, synthesized data on its association with the risk of other colorectal neoplasia are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to systematically assess this issue.

METHODS:

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase from database inception through May 9, 2024, to identify observational studies investigating the association between family history of CRC in FDRs and the risk of colorectal neoplasia (excepting CRC). Adenoma, nonadvanced adenoma (NAA), advanced adenoma (AA), and advanced neoplasia (AN) were further chosen as main outcomes because of data availability. Random-effects model was used for data synthesis. Subgroup meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of results.

RESULTS:

Of 5,172 initial records screened, 75 studies (with 931,515 participants) were identified for analysis. Family history of CRC in FDRs was associated with increased risk of adenoma (pooled odds ratio [OR] 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46–1.91), NAA (pooled OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.21–1.51), AA (pooled OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.46–1.88), and AN (pooled OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.44–1.73). The positive associations persisted in all examined subgroups. The risk of adenoma (pooled OR 4.18, 95% CI 1.76–9.91), AA (pooled OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.72–3.40), and AN (pooled OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.68–2.38) was more evident among individuals with 2 or more affected FDRs.

DISCUSSION:

Family history of CRC is associated with increased risk of adenoma, NAA, AA, and AN totally, and in all available subgroups. The findings further strengthen the necessity and importance of an intensified screening strategy for individuals with a positive family history of CRC, which is very useful for related health resource allocation and policymaking.
Beyond Depression and Anxiety in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Forging a Path Toward Emotional Healing
Authors: Chester Maia A. , Keefer Laurie
Published: October 2024

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, often debilitating diseases characterized by inflammation of the digestive tract. IBDs affect up to 1% of the world's population and tend to be diagnosed in the second and third decades of life. In addition to physical burdens, IBDs have significant psychological manifestations stemming from bidirectional inflammatory and coping pathways and thus, are best understood from a biopsychosocial perspective. Though previous IBD literature has predominantly focused on traditional psychological comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression, recent studies have uncovered adjustment disorders, post-traumatic stress, and disordered eating as prevalent manifestations of the disease. This review will summarize the rates and postulated biopsychosocial mechanisms underlying these conditions to frame how cultivating resilience can protect against IBD symptoms and help forge a path toward emotional healing. We will also provide guidance to aid clinicians in screening for these conditions and creating a trauma-informed healthcare environment.
Raciality, intersubjectivity and transgression in the Brazilian system of socio-educational services: insights for social education
Authors: Oliveira Maria Cláudia , Zamora Maria Helena , Yokoy Tatiana
Published: October 2024

Social work and social pedagogy deal with a diverse and intricate set of social realities, while facing major issues such as racism and interracial relations. In this article, we look at studies of racism in Brazil and data from research into intersubjectivity conducted in the context of Brazilian socio-educational services. We also consider the ideas of Paulo Freire and bell hooks, notably bell hooks’s conception of transgression in an engaged pedagogy and Paulo Freire’s pedagogy of the oppressed and pedagogy of hope. We present and discuss a theoretical model for addressing ethnic-racial issues and racism in educational settings, involving processes of peripherisation, exclusion, invisibilisation and elimination. We aim to offer insights into social education and social work, departing from the articulation of studies of raciality, intersubjectivity, transgression and education as a practice of freedom. These insights can inform social pedagogy and the development of effective public policies and offer a broader perspective on the role of education and social work in promoting social justice and anti-racism in diverse educational settings, such as youth justice.
History education as prevention: the topic of right-wing extremism in German educational media
Authors: Tribukait Maren
Published: October 2024

The rise of right-wing populism and extremism has challenged Western societies in recent years and raised fears of the destruction of liberal democracy. Against this backdrop, it seems reasonable to encourage students in history lessons to study the rise of National Socialism in order to prevent similar developments today. However, researchers and educators have emphasised that ‘learning from history’ does not take place in a straightforward way; moreover, it is questionable whether contemporary right-wing extremism can be best understood by studying the Nazi era. In order to understand how history education could contribute to citizenship education in this respect, this article asks how the topic of contemporary right-wing extremism is approached in German educational media, and how it is linked to the Nazi era. Based on an analysis of the pedagogical approaches towards the topic in 28 history textbook series, it investigates how the pedagogical approaches, the narrative about right-wing extremism and the subject position of the reader/player are intertwined in two selected textbooks and in one serious game. In conclusion, the article reflects on whether the innovative educational design of the serious game could inspire history education to find new approaches to the topic and thereby to contribute to citizenship education.
O programa Tempo de Aprender e as produções acadêmicas
Authors: Alves de Melo kappi Ramona Graciela , Teixeira de Mello Darlize , Dos Santos Alves Bárbara
Published: October 2024

RESUMO:
O presente estudo objetiva analisar dissertações e teses que tenham como temática o programa de formação docente para alfabetizadores – Tempo de Aprender (Brasil, 2020). Constituindo-se como uma pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico, o estudo faz um recorte da produção acadêmica sobre o programa Tempo de Aprender na área da educação, de 2020 a 2023. Inicialmente, faz-se uma contextualização sobre o programa de formação docente para alfabetizadores. Depois, demarca-se os pressupostos teóricos do trabalho desenvolvido e realiza-se a análise das produções acadêmicas sobre o referido programa em universidades brasileiras. Como resultado, o estudo salienta como a referida formação docente do programa priorizou uma única forma de alfabetizar, a “instrução fônica”, destacando esse modelo teórico tradicional de ensino. Em suas orientações pedagógicas, o programa de formação docente regula como e o que deve ser ensinado e, consequentemente, o que a criança deve aprender, silenciando o letramento e, com isso, toda a produção acadêmica brasileira sobre a perspectiva de alfabetizar letrando.
AI-assisted marking: Functionality and limitations of ChatGPT in written assessment evaluation
Authors: Li Joan , Jangamreddy Nikhil Kumar , Hisamoto Ryuto , Bhansali Ruchita , Dyda Amalie , Zaphir Luke , Glencross Mashhuda
Published: October 2024

Generative artificial intelligence technologies, such as ChatGPT, bring an unprecedented change in education by leveraging the power of natural language processing and machine learning.  Employing ChatGPT to assist with marking written assessment presents multiple advantages including scalability, improved consistency, eliminating biases associated with human subjectivity. This work aimed to evaluate the usefulness, reliability and accuracy of ChatGPT in marking written assessments of varied types and to identify its limitations and challenges. ChatGPT was instructed using a set of prompts to mark the assessment based on a rubric. ChatGPT was able to evaluate and assess both coding and reflective assessments and to distinguish between assignments of different quality, demonstrating high consistency and accuracy for higher quality assessments, comparable to a human marking. ChatGPT was also able to generate textual detailed justifications based on the rubric and assessment task description. There was a significant difference in the outcomes generated by different prompts. These preliminary findings suggest that utilising ChatGPT as a marking assistant can increase written assessment marking efficiency, reduce cost and potentially decrease the unfairness and bias by providing a moderating perspective.
 
Implications for practice or policy:

Assessment designers could reconsider the design, purpose and objectives of written assessments and leverage ChatGPT effectively for teaching and learning.
Assessors might consider adapting the technology as a grading aid, to support a human-in-the-loop grading process, providing additional resources and time, moderating and refining individual feedback, to increase consistency and quality.
Curriculum and programme leaders could develop guidelines around the ethical use of generative AI-assisted assessment practice, monitor and regulate the ongoing evaluation and refinement.
Study abroad experiences in homestay: where complexity, dynamicity, and individuality stay
Authors: Ke Chuanren , Lu Yuan
Published: October 2024

Informed by Complex Dynamic Systems Theory, this study examines the nature of homestay as a situated language learning site, with an eye toward the development of American student guests and Chinese host families’ homestay experiences within the larger context of the study abroad (SA) program and local community. Drawing on data collected from host families and student guests, this study discovers benefits, conflicts, and co-adaptations in homestay; the evolution of host families’ dispositions toward homestay; student guests’ proficiency gains and interactions with hosts and locals; and contextual factors that influence the proficiency gains and interactions. The findings reveal that homestay is a dynamic, self-evolving subsystem, which constantly interacts with other dynamic subsystems, such as the SA program and local community, within the complex social ecosystem of the entire SA environment. This study also provides suggestions for the design and management of the homestay component in the SA program and future research.
Study on theoretical model and actual deformation of weft-knitted transfer loop based on particle constraint
Authors: Jing Zhang , Honglian Cong
Published: October 2024

In order to derive the structural properties and deformation behavior of the weft-knitted transfer fabric, a multilayer spring-mass geometric circle model with weft-knitted transfer loop is provided in conjunction with the fabric samples’ image. Eight type-value points were utilized to control the transfer loop’s morphological structure. Connections between the type-value points and the particle system were established. Non-uniform rational B spline curves and texture mapping were utilized to create the three-dimensional impression of the weft-knitted transfer loop. By measuring the offset of the type-value points in conjunction, the actual deformation of the weft-knitted transfer fabric was determined. Utilizing a cylindrical envelope box for collision detection, the possible unreasonable interpenetration phenomenon in the simulation was solved, and thus a stable weft-knitted transfer loop structure was obtained. Using Microsoft Visual Studio and C#, the deformation of the weft-knitted transfer fabric was simulated, the simulated weft-knitted transfer fabric’s deformation pattern accurately depicts the fabric’s three-dimensional structure and deformation behavior while also matching the structural characteristics of the fabric sample. The findings demonstrate that the theoretical structural model of weft-knitted transfer fabric constructed can accurately represent the loop’s structure, and the actual deformation of the simulated weft-knitted transfer fabric is consistent with the deformation characteristics of the fabric sample. Weft-knitted transfer fabric’s deformation behavior may be effectively reflected by the multilayer spring-mass geometric circle model, allowing for the modeling of the fabric’s morphology and 3D structure.
Semantic Matching Interface für semantisch heterogene Industrie 4.0 Verwaltungsschalen
Authors: Heppner Sebastian , Both Maximilian Alexander , Miny Torben , Müller Jochen , Diedrich Christian , Kleinert Tobias
Published: October 2024

Im Rahmen von Industrie 4.0 wurde die Verwaltungsschale als die Technologie für Interoperabilität entwickelt und durch Spezifikationen definiert. Während die syntaktische Interoperabilität durch standardisierte Schemata, z. B. JSON Schema, XSD oder RDFS, erreicht werden kann, bleibt die Sicherstellung der semantischen Interoperabilität eine Herausforderung, insbesondere wenn heterogene Definitionen von semantischen Beschreibungen verwendet werden. Aufgrund der Vielfalt und großen Anzahl an Teilnehmern innerhalb eines Industrie 4.0 Wertschöpfungsnetzwerks erscheint die Einigung auf einen einzigen Standard semantischer Beschreibungen unwahrscheinlich. Darüber hinaus existieren mehrere Methoden, um diese Beschreibungen aufeinander abzubilden (engl. matching). Diese reichen von der manuellen Definition von Äquivalenzbeziehungen über eine algorithmische Analyse von OWL-Ontologien bis hin zur Nutzung von speziell trainierten KI-Modellen. Zur Handhabung dieser Heterogenität wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, welches den Zugriff auf die verschiedenen Quellen semantischer Beschreibungen sowie verschiedene Methoden ihres Matchings durch ein einheitliches Interface abstrahiert, sodass ein Beitrag zur Verbesserung semantischer Interoperabilität geleistet wird.
Vorgehen für die Entwicklung einer Architektur für menschzentrierte KI in der Fertigung
Authors: Belke Manuel , Beiki Hossein Omid , Ochel Janis , Plum Franziska , Petrovic Oliver , Brecher Christian
Published: October 2024

Um eine hohe Qualität in Produktionsprozessen zu realisieren, ist die Expertise von Prozessexperten von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die Aufnahme und Formalisierung des Wissens erfordern die Entwicklung einer menschzentrierten künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) und insbesondere einer Architektur, die die Integration des Menschen während des gesamten Entwicklungsprozesses erlaubt. Es wird die Entwicklung einer Architektur für eine menschzentrierte KI beschrieben, die die Anforderungen verschiedener Fertigungsverfahren berücksichtigt und gleichzeitig die Anforderungen der in dem Entwicklungsprozess beteiligten Personen berücksichtigt.
Integrative in silico evaluation of the antiviral potential of terpenoids and its metal complexes derived from Homalomena aromatica based on main protease of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Goswami Ashis Kumar , Aboul-Soud Mourad A. M. , Gogoi Neelutpal , El-Shazly Mohamed , Giesy John P. , Tüzün Burak , Aziz Ibrahim M. , Almajhdi Fahad N. , Sharma Hemanta Kumar
Published: October 2024

Substantial research is currently conducted focusing on the development of promising antiviral drugs employing in silico screening and drug repurposing strategies against SARS-CoV-2. The current study aims at identifying lead molecules targeting SARS-CoV-2 by the application of in silico and molecular dynamics (MD) approaches from phytoconstituents present in Homalomena aromatica. The main protease (Mpro) enzyme of SARS-CoV-2 is taken as the target protein to perform the docking analysis of 71 molecules reported from H. aromatica by the application of different modules of Discovery Studio 2018. Five molecules were taken as prospective leads namely dihydrocuminaldehyde, p-cymen-8-ol, cuminaldehyde, p-cymene, and cuminol. In the absence of known inhibitors, a comparative study was performed with the compounds reported in the literature and potent terpenoid–metal complexes were taken into account based on known efficacy as anti-viral molecules. After performing the docking studies with Mpro enzyme of SARS-CoV-2, it was observed that the –CDocker Energy of cuminaldehyde thiosemicarbazone was 29.152, indicating a significant affinity toward Mpro. The same was also supported by the MD study. Taken together, our results provided in silico evidence that secondary metabolites derived from H. aromatica could be employed as potent antiviral agents targeting SARS-CoV-2. Our findings warrant further validation of their in vitro and in vivo efficacies prior to their development into bona fide therapeutic agents.
Payment Clearing and Regional Economy Development Based on Panel Data of Sichuan Province
Authors: Liu Jie , Ding Zhao
Published: October 2024

The payment and clearing system can objectively record the operation of funds for social and economic activities, and the use of payment and clearing data can be made to monitor regional economic changes sensitively. Employing panel data of cities and prefectures in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2021, this article employs econometric analysis to examine the link between payment and clearing data and the regional economy. The paper’s focus includes the payment and clearing system and economic indicators. The increase in the total amount of payment and clearing data has a significant positive correlation with digital economic development. Only by regression between the total amount of payment and clearing and regional gross domestic product (GDP), it can be found that every 1% increase in payment and clearing can increase regional GDP by 0.476%. After controlling factors such as important production factors, openness, and government intervention, the elasticity coefficient is still 0.1%, and the correlation is significant. Therefore, the amount of payment and liquidation is a valuable predictor of regional economic development. And thus providing Intelligent decision-making references for the policy formulation and strategic planning of governmental departments and regulatory agencies.
Petrography and geochemistry of pegmatite and leucogranite of Ntega-Marangara area, Burundi, in relation to rare metal mineralisation
Authors: Akabahinga Quesnay de Jésus , Bolarinwa Anthony Temidayo , Ntiharirizwa Seconde
Published: October 2024

The Ntega-Marangara area, part of the Kanyaru supergroup, Western Domain of Karagwe Ankole Belt, hosts numerous pegmatite veins related to the leucogranite. This investigation aims to characterise the granitoids, their alteration products, and rare metal mineralisation potentials. Quartz, plagioclase, microcline, albite, and muscovite are the essential minerals in both the pegmatite and leucogranite. The ΣREE of the pegmatite and leucogranite are 147 and 102 ppm, respectively. The greisen with Rb, Cs, Ta, Li, Nb, and Sn of 5,940, 1,015, >2,500, 130, 1,595, and 671 ppm, respectively, is higher than the corresponding values of 636, 62, 32, 74, 58, and 110 ppm of the kaolinised pegmatites. This enrichment classifies them as lithium–caesium–tantalum pegmatite. The mean K/Rb, K/Cs, and Nb/Ta in the leucogranites are 106.86, 2819.24, and 4.30, pegmatite is 35.33, 469.47, and 3.1, and greisen is 14.05, 82.2, and 0.64, respectively, which suggest that greisenisation due to metasomatic reactions of late hydrothermal activity could have increased the potential for rare metal mineralisation of the altered pegmatite. Pegmatite of Ntega-Marangara area is enriched in LREE relative to HREE with K/Rb ratio <100, indicating a high level of fractionation and mineralisation in Ta–Nb, Sn, and Li in contrast to the leucogranite that is less fractionated and barren.
Monitoring water infiltration in multiple layers of sandstone coal mining model with cracks using ERT
Authors: Du Liang , Qin Teng , Mizunaga Hideki , Zong Zhongling , Zhu Wenjin , Zhu Zhenglei
Published: October 2024

Many engineering disasters are related to water infiltration in cracks. Understanding the water infiltration in multi-layered sandstone cracks is crucial for monitoring and preventing water-related disasters in coal mines. In this study, we utilized the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) technique to conduct a water infiltration monitoring experiment on the 2d-strata-model with cracks. The electrical resistivity ratio profiles with respect to the background unveiled the existence of three cracks. Model photography demonstrates two cracks of those cracks. The infiltration cracks exhibit distinct shape of a stripe or island chain electrical change ratio anomaly in the resistivity ratio profiles. Electrical resistivity change ratio is associated with the infiltration within the cracks. As the infiltration progresses, the resistivity change ratios relative to the background gradually decreases. This is evident in the reduction in ratios in the original stripe or island chain areas in the electrical resistivity ratio profiles. The diminished range expands, manifesting as an increase in the area of the original stripe or island chain. The infiltration patterns of the cracks can be categorized into three types: a stripe pattern, island chain and stripe pattern, and island chain pattern. The preferential flow paths along the crack are related to both the infiltration time and the volume of infiltration. In the early stages, there are clear preferential flow paths along cracks. However, as infiltration time and volume increase, these preferential flow paths along the cracks become less pronounced and may even disappear. The findings prove that ERT is suitable for monitoring water infiltration along the cracks in multi-layered sandstone in the early infiltration stage. Experiment results monitoring water infiltration cracks on the 2D-model show that the ERT and 2D-model are suitable for studying water infiltration along the cracks. This research can provide valuable reference for preventing engineering disaster.
Analyse von Aufgaben und Items für das Leseverstehen am Beispiel der DSH
Authors: Friedland Alice , Sabo Milica
Published: October 2024

Testmethodische Auswertungen stellen ein obligatorisches Element in der Entwicklung von High-Stakes-Tests dar. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Bedeutung der Itemanalyse als Teil des Qualitätssicherungsverfahrens im Prüfungserstellungs- und Prüfungsüberarbeitungsprozess der Deutschen Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang (DSH) thematisiert. Exemplarisch für die Prüfungsteile der rezeptiven Fertigkeiten wird die Itemanalyse mit den Kennwerten der Itemschwierigkeit und der Trennschärfe an einem Beispiel für das Leseverstehen vollzogen. Anhand von drei Beispielaufgaben wird deren Überarbeitungsprozess detailliert beschrieben und der Mehrwert der Itemanalyse in der Qualitätssicherung herausgestellt. Abschließend werden die Möglichkeiten der Itemanalyse und deren Bedeutung im DSH-Kontext diskutiert.
Chunks/formelhafte Sequenzen bei Textproduktionen – eine Praxisreflexion
Authors: Krekeler Christian , Yildirim Hülya
Published: October 2024

Bei DSH-Textproduktionen greifen Prüflinge häufig auf Chunks oder formelhafte Sequenzen zurück. Diese Elemente führen bei der Bewertung zu Unsicherheiten, da sie ohne eine sprachliche Analyse gespeichert werden und der Gebrauch keine eindeutigen Rückschlüsse darauf zulässt, ob die verwendeten Strukturen regelgeleitet/kreativ gebildet wurden. In der DSH-Musterprüfungsordnung wird deshalb empfohlen, die Aufgabe so zu stellen, dass der Gebrauch formelhafter Sequenzen ausgeschlossen wird. Allerdings sollte der Wert des Chunkings für den Spracherwerb und für die Teilnahme an wissenschaftlicher Kommunikation anerkannt werden. In der vorliegenden Praxisreflexion werden exemplarisch drei DSH-Textproduktionen untersucht, um Hinweise für eine sinnvolle Berücksichtigung von Chunks bei der Bewertung zu gewinnen. Die Beispiele verdeutlichen, dass nur wenige allgemeine Leitlinien abgeleitet werden können. Im Einzelfall ist zu klären, ob der Gebrauch formelhafter Wendungen auf einen kompetenten Sprachgebrauch hinweist.
A critical review on the active anti-viral metabolites of bioprospecting traditionally used plant species from semi-arid regions of the subcontinent
Authors: Naz Aliya , Chowdhury Abhiroop , Pareek Shubhra , Kumar Pushpendra , Poddar Nitesh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Plants are crucial medicinal resources, with 80 % of people relying on them for primary healthcare. The search for natural antiviral compounds is increasing, especially in semi-arid ecosystems where abiotic stress promotes the production of beneficial secondary metabolites. This review highlights semi-arid plants with the potential as functional foods to combat viral diseases and other illnesses. Literature was searched in databases like ScienceDirect to gather information on novel compounds from stress-tolerant semi-arid plant species. These compounds have potential uses in treating viral infections and other health issues such as diabetes and high blood pressure. The review screened 61 semi-arid plants known for their antiviral metabolites. Eight plants were identified with novel antiviral compounds. Key metabolites include agathisflavone, pectic arabinogalactan, azadirachtin, aloin, aloe-emodin, aloesaponarin I, allicin, terpenoids, chlorogenic acids, curcumin, chromones, β-sitosterol, lupeol, oleuropein, carissol, β-amyrin, and ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Stress-tolerant semi-arid plants are significant sources of metabolites for treating infectious diseases and boosting immune systems. Further research on these metabolites in animal models is needed to verify their efficacy for treating human diseases during endemic and pandemic outbreaks, such as COVID-19.
Participation in artisanal diamond mining and food security: A case study of Kasai Oriental in DR Congo
Authors: Kazadi Hermann Nkongolo , Kusadokoro Motoi , Chitose Atsushi
Published: October 2024

The high prevalence of food insecurity and malnutrition in Kasai Oriental, Democratic Republic of the Congo, prompted an investigation into the complex relationship between household livelihood activities and food security. Despite many rural households relying on subsistence farming, this alone may not ensure improved food security in Kasai Oriental. Consequently, non-farm sectors like artisanal mining offer a potential solution to address food insecurity among rural households. The aim of this study is to explore the association between engagement in artisanal diamond mining, food insecurity, and children’s nutritional status in Kasai Oriental. The research utilizes household cross-sectional data collected between November and December 2022. Fixed effects and Instrumental variable models were employed to address household heterogeneity and potential endogeneity related to participation in artisanal diamond activities. The regression results reveal a significant relationship between participation in artisanal diamond mining and food security. This implies that participation increases households’ cash, enabling them to access sufficient food and potentially mitigating the risk of falling into food insecurity. However, involvement in artisanal mining has not shown a significant association with children’s malnutrition. These findings call for further research on “hidden hunger.” Policies aiming to encourage and formalize artisanal diamond mining should integrate specific extension services and inform rural households about hidden hunger.
Synthesis, structure, I–V characteristics, and optical properties of chromium oxide thin films for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Alruwaili Amani
Published: October 2024

Improving coating technology and thin film formation by optimizing the experimental parameters has become essential for various industrial and technological fields. This work aims to study the influence of the precursor materials on the physical and electro-optical properties of Cr2O3 thin films. The solutions were prepared using the sol–gel route and deposited on glass slides using the spin coating technique. The structure and morphology of the films were studied using XRD, FT-infrared (IR), and field-emission scan-electron microscope. The results indicated the formation of a high-purity Cr2O3 (Eskolaite) phase in the form of spherical nanoparticles with sizes of 17–25 nm. Three bands appear at 490, 765, and 889

cm

−
1

{{\rm{cm}}}^{-1}

in the FTIR spectra, which are attributed to

Cr
–
O

{\rm{Cr}}{\rm{\mbox{--}}}{\rm{O}}

/

Cr
═
O

{\rm{Cr}}{\rm{═}}{\rm{O}}

vibrations. The I–V curves showed linear behavior and good ohmic features. Ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectra showed that the films are highly transparent, with band gaps in the range of 2.60–2.90 eV, and refractive indices in the range of 1.92–2.25. The sheet resistances, the new figure of merit, the real and fictional dielectric constants, and the optical conductivity were discussed. The Cr2O3 thin films are the best candidates for various utilizations, including solar cells, sensors in the IR region, and energy storage.
Physical aspects of quantile residual lifetime sequence
Authors: Shrahili Mansour , Kayid Mohamed
Published: October 2024

The modeling of count data is found in many fields, such as statistical physics, public health, medicine, epidemiology, applied science, sociology, and agriculture. In many physical situations, it has been observed that many times in the real world, the original variables may be continuous in nature, but discrete by observation. In this study, the

α

{\rm{\alpha }}

-quantile residual life function for discrete lifetime models is defined and some attributes are investigated. The relation between this measure and the hazard rate function is studied. We discuss how this measure could be useful for finding the burn-in time of a lifetime dataset. Then, a new stochastic order based on the

α

{\rm{\alpha }}

-quantile residual life is proposed and studied.
Why do we argue about risk? The invisibility of worldviews in marine decision-making
Authors: Le Heron Erena , Le Heron Richard , Blackett Paula , Awatere Shaun , Logie June , Hyslop Jade
Published: October 2024

The paper asks “why are we always arguing about risk?” It explores what drives risk perception in decision-making processes in Aotearoa New Zealand’s marine environment. The research’s holistic framing shows that the prevailing concern with risk and uncertainty (RU) issues in government and managerial settings deflects attention from and hides the background influences of worldviews. After introducing the invisibilities around RU and outlining worldview-based perceptions of risk, the paper turns to an empirical investigation focusing on deep-seabed mining investment in the context of Aotearoa’s Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf Act (Environmental Effects) 2012. Enacted as part of neoliberal reforms, the Act seeks to reduce environmental degradation in tandem with economic growth. A situated methodology examines a consenting process within this Act as a strategic site to establish expressions of RU and shaping invisibilities. Three key influences are revealed: the positionality of decision-makers, their disciplinary training, and the largely unknown filtering of environmental and economic options that come from 3 worldviews held in Aotearoa (dominant social paradigm, new environmental paradigm, Te Ao Māori). We contend hidden worldviews impact on economy–environment relations and ensuing economic and environmental practices and outcomes. This arises because they underpin and fuel debates around what RU are acceptable and how benefits should be distributed (public vs. private benefits investment decisions, and economy vs. environment). Unless we recognize and understand these hidden influences, we simply cannot work with them. This insight has major implications for how RU ideas might be framed and navigated in emerging policy settings.
Producción de biocombustibles en Costa Rica utilizando licuefacción hidrotérmica de biomasa: estimación preliminar de su potencial y huella de carbono
Authors: Solórzano-Jiménez Susana , Montero-Rambla Natalia , Roccard-Pommera Jessica , Durán-Herrera Esteban
Published: October 2024

[Objective] Estimate the production potential of biofuels from the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass residues in Costa Rica and their respective carbon footprint. [Methodology] The generation potential of biomass residues suitable to produce biofuels through the HTL process was estimated using reports from different institutions such as the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, the Chamber of Poultry Farmers, and the National Water Company. In addition, using mathematical models that predict biocrude yield based on the type of biomass used, the biocrude production potential was estimated, as well as its respective upgrade to biodiesel and its co-products (biogasoline and biobunker). These results were compared with the current fuel consumption in Costa Rica. Finally, the carbon footprint for the production process of these biofuels was calculated using ISO 14067 standard. [Results] Under the assumptions of this study, it was found that Costa Rica has the potential to produce biocrude, biodiesel, biogasoline, and biobunker, amounting to 1,383,299 tons/year, 635,788 tons/year, 295,336 tons/year, and 70,140 tons/year, respectively. In addition, it was estimated that the carbon footprints associated with the production of biodiesel, biogasoline, and biobunker are 14.57 gCO2eq/MJ, 13.88 gCO2eq/MJ, and 13.33 gCO2eq/MJ, respectively.  [Conclusions] Under the assumptions of this study, it was concluded that Costa Rica has a potential replacement of fossil fuels of 71%, 43%, and 76% for biodiesel, biogasoline, and biobunker, respectively. Also, it was estimated that with this technology (HTL), the carbon footprint could be reduced by 18%, 36%, and 6% when using biodiesel, biogasoline, and biobunker, respectively, instead of the corresponding fossil fuels.
Propiedades farmacológicas de Annona muricata como terapia alternativa en el tratamiento del cáncer: revisión sistemática
Authors: Obregón-La Rosa Antonio José , Alfaro-Cruz Sarela
Published: October 2024

[Objective] The objective was to determine the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of Annona muricata as an alternative or preventive therapy for cancer treatment. [Methodology] A systematic search was conducted in 3 databases (Scopus, Pubmed/MEDLINE, and Web of Science) using keywords and controlled vocabularies on Annona muricata, alternative or preventive therapy, and cancer treatment, following the methodology of the PRISMA statement. After the initial search, selected studies were exported to Mendeley as the bibliographic reference manager. Excel and a reference form were used for data extraction of the included studies. [Results] Ten studies were selected, which evidenced the pharmacological effect of Annona muricata leaf extracts on various cancer cells. All the selected studies corresponded to in vitro/in vivo assays. In addition, the studies demonstrated the presence of several bioactive compounds present in Annona muricata, which confer cytotoxic and anticarcinogenic power. [Conclusions] This systematic review showed that Annona muricata is a plant with excellent anticancer and cytotoxic potential to be used as an alternative or complementary therapy in various types of cancer because it has bioactive compounds such as acetogenins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and alkaloids, whose main effect is the apoptosis of cancer cells. However, further studies, mainly intervention studies, are required to prove its effectiveness to benefit human health.
El impulso conservador: El cambio como experiencia de pérdida
Authors: Waldmann Peter
Published: October 2024

Cómo se enfrentan los cambios radicales? ¿De qué modo se perciben y afrontan individual o socialmente la muerte y el duelo, el exilio y la pérdida del hogar, o la hiperinflación, cambios revolucionarios y transformaciones profundas socioeconómicas? Peter Waldmann describe cómo ante situaciones de este tipo, muchas personas, por miedo a la pérdida o al sentirse perjudicados por procesos de modernización, se inclinan a aferrarse a estructuras heredadas y a entregarse al «impulso conservador». En otros sectores de la población los cambios se aplauden y suscitan esperanzas de futuro. La sociedad se divide en bandos opuestos. El estudio analiza situaciones individuales y transformaciones colectivas rápidas en la periferia europea, América Latina, Oriente Medio y Asia oriental; manifestaciones y fuerzas propulsoras del impulso conservador que, según el momento, el contexto y la correlación de fuerzas, no sólo pueden frenar la dinámica de desarrollo sino también favorecerla, o incluso convertirse en una de sus condiciones esenciales. El cambio disruptivo suele provocar reacciones contradictorias: el apego desesperado al pasado o el esfuerzo por adaptarse a la nueva situación y enfrentarla. La resolución de la tensión entre estos dos polos es una condición para que las sociedades afectadas sigan avanzando en su desarrollo. El impulso conservador, según Waldmann, es un factor muy ambivalente.
España y la guerra de Argelia: (1954-1962)
Authors: Vidal Muñoz Manuel
Published: October 2024

La presente obra trata del papel que jugó España durante la guerra de Argelia desde la perspectiva renovada de la historia diplomática. Muestra cómo la implicación de España poco conocida hasta ahora constituyó una etapa ineludible para la internacionalización del conflicto. Actores claves de la historia mediterránea, los españoles, ya fuesen franquistas o republicanos, contribuyeron a que las fronteras se borrasen durante la conflagración argelina. Así pues la península ibérica vinculada con África del norte desde la Edad Media se convirtió en un centro clave para los muyahidines argelinos como para los marroquíes y tunecinos. Cuando los protectorados fueron independientes, la España franquista desilusionada tras la pérdida del imperio jerifiano, su joya más preciada, dejó de apoyar a los nacionalistas magrebíes para volver la mirada hacia Francia. Gracias a fuentes españolas, francesas, argelinas y estadounidenses, este estudio sitúa el alcance de la posición española en la guerra de Argelia con la guerra fría como telón de fondo. La descolonización del sur del Mediterráneo es sin duda la cuestión clave de este trabajo de investigación al igual que sus consecuencias geopolíticas para Francia, España, Marruecos, Argelia, Estados Unidos y la URSS que fueron aliados, enemigos y rivales sucesivamente en función de los contextos cada vez más cambiantes del siglo XX.
Relatos de la antigua India: en el Konjaku Monotagari-Shu
Authors: Villamor Herrero Efraín
Published: October 2024

Al leer la más extensa colección de cuentos del Japón medieval, se descubre una sorprendente sección de relatos sobre la antigua India. Estos cuentos nos transportan a un mundo fascinante y nos enseñan cómo se transmitieron la mitología y las creencias de la antigua India al servicio del catecismo budista japonés.