bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON THE THRESHOLD OF TECHNOLOGICAL SINGULARITY: HUMAN READINESS TO THE NEW STAGE OF EVOLUTION
Authors: Lazareva M. L.
Published: April 2019

Purpose. The study is aimed at a philosophical analysis of the state of humanity’s readiness for technological singularity, the definition of the concept of postbiology and the investigation of ways to bring the population (in particular, the Ukrainian one) to a new, qualitatively higher level of existence. Theoretical basis. The author analyzes the level of public consciousness and the features of its cooperation with technological world. Due to the inability of most modern people to cope with changes effectively, the author questions humanity’s readiness for the postbiological stage of evolution of our species. Based on the analysis of the ideas of authoritative futurists of our time, the author explores the prospects of Ukrainian society in the postbiological future. Originality. The author not only analyzes the challenges that humanity faces during its transition to a new type of civilization, but also explores the obstacles that hinder this process directly in the Ukrainian society. The author proves that the ideas of transhumanism and going beyond the human biology should not be postulated without a moral context. In addition, the scientific study proposes a number of projects designed to improve the educational institutions that are responsible for the intellectual and spiritual development of the individual. Conclusions. Postbiology can become both, a new qualitatively higher stage of the human species evolution and the collapse of humaneness. Along with overcoming human biology, there will be the destruction of moral guidelines, social and legal systems. In order to prevent total chaos and catastrophe, technological development must be complemented by appropriate developments of new norms that can balance society.
DESCARTES ABOUT ANTHROPOLOGICAL GROUNDS OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE "EARLY WRITINGS"
Authors: Malivskyi A. M.
Published: April 2019

Purpose of this work is to find the key to understanding the paradox of Descartes’ way of philosophizing during the recourse to the text of "early writings". Realization of the set purpose involves the consistent solving of such tasks: by referring to the research literature, to outline the forms of transition to modern methodology; to explicate the main reasons for philosophy anthropologization by Descartes; to analyze the role of art as the main form of expressing Descartes’ worldview in the "early writings". Theoretical basis. Studies by Descartes experts and the phenomenological tradition. Originality. The analysis of the "early writings" allows to determine the origins of the main doctrine of Descartes’ philosophizing. Its role is manifested in the course of clarifying the main motives of the anthropological approach of the French philosopher. That entails their rootedness in the Copernican-based scientific revolution of the New Age. A prerequisite for the authentic comprehension of the radical change carried out by Descartes is the attention to the paradigmatic significance of art, which is most fully asserted in the "early writings". It is substantiated that the appeal of young Descartes to the experience of art influences his understanding of science, as well as the awareness of human presence in the development of the scientific picture of the world and the distinction of the main components of human nature – mind and will. Conclusions. During the analysis of the contemporary literature devoted to Descartes, there is outlined the tendency to go beyond the notions of naivety and simplicity of his position, one of the manifestations of which is the increased attention to anthropology. The main motives for its actualization are rooted in the scientific revolution of the New Age, which are the form of completion of the radical worldview change initiated by Copernicus. It is about the vision of man as the main component of the universe, attention thereto in the search for the source point and the decisive authority for the world development, reflection of the thinker’s desire to build his own ethical doctrine based on human nature. While comprehending the "early wri-tings", the author focuses on the interpretation by young Descartes of art as a form of expression of truth, which enables the authentic comprehension of human nature. These ideas became the basis for the further work of the thinker, and today they open up new perspectives of exploring the anthropological foundation for later works.
Life-cycle cost analysis of retrofit scenarios for a UK residential dwelling
Authors: Salem Radwa , Bahadori-Jahromi Ali , Mylona Anastasia , Godfrey Paulina , Cook Darren
Published: April 2019

The UK government is committed to reducing carbon dioxide emission levels by 80%, comparative to the 1990 baseline, by 2050. ‘Nearly-zero-energy buildings’ (nZEBs) were introduced by the Energy Performance Building Directive (recast) in 2010 as a realistic solution to the intrinsic environmental debt associated with most existing buildings. This paper aims to carry out a life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis to identify what is a cost-optimal level and how best to achieve this by examining and focusing on the exploration of realistically applicable energy-efficient measures and retrofit scenarios for a typical UK dwelling. A sensitivity analysis is used to identify uncertainty and provide the expected economic benefits and losses of the applied scenarios over their respective lifetimes. It was established that the total LCCs of all the retrofit scenarios were in fact lower than that of the baseline scenario (i.e. not retrofitting the property) over the 30-year study period. Furthermore, it was found that the cost-optimal level for the retrofit of a typical UK residential dwelling is 75 (kWh/m2)/year; meanwhile, the UK’s current nZEB target stands at 44 (kWh/m2)/year, meaning that there is a gap between the current nZEB target and the calculated cost-optimal level.
The correlation between the transthoracic lung ultrasound score (LUS) and the severity of changes in HRCTon patients with interstitial lung diseases v3
Authors: Milena Adina Man , Elena Dantes , Domokos Hancu Bianca , Ioana Bondor Cosmina , Ruscovan Alina , Adriana Parau , Marc Monica
Published: April 2019

The correlation between the transthoracic lung ultrasound score (LUS) and the severity of changes in HRCTon patients with interstitial lung diseases Interstitial lung disease is a heterogeneous group of disorders. Chest high-resolution computed tomography is considered the "gold" standard radiological method for diagnosis of ILD. The objective of our study was to evaluate the correlation between the transthoracic ultrasound score and the severity of changes in HRCT simplified scores, the presence of symptoms and the pulmonary function impairment in patients with interstitial lungdisease(ILD). We have evaluated 58 consecutively patients diagnosed with ILD and compared with a non-healthy control group (n=30).Transtoracic lung ultrasound (LUS) total score was correlated with HRCT score (r=0.784, p<0.001) and chest positive areas (intercostal spaces with ≥5B-line) were correlated with HRCT score (r=0.805, p<0.005). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for LUS total score using 5 as a HRCT score cut-off was 0.86 (p<0.001), respectively for positive chest areas with intercostal space with ≥5B-line was 0.88 (p<0.001). The sensitivity (Se) was 76.7%, the specificity (Sp) 92.9%. After dividing the ILD patients according to the HRCT pattern in usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and other radiological interstitial abnormality we found a good correlation statistically significant only for first group (r=0.51, p=0.02). LUS had a positive correlation with age (r=0.481, p<0.001), negative correlation with DLCO (r=-0.39, p=0.007) and with alveolar volume (r=-0.39,p=0.007). The chest positive areas score was positive correlated with age (r=0.599, p<0.001), negative correlation with diffusing capacity of the lung for carbone monoxide (DLCO)( r=-0.44, p=0.002) andwiththealveolarvolume(r=-0.49,p=0.001).
Counteractive Measures for the Tribulations Faced by Intermediate Students of Selected Colleges of Lucknow, While Teaching and Learning English
Authors: Khan Mohammad Owais
Published: April 2019

The present study attempts to highlight the issues related to the Tribulations and Counteractive measures for teaching and learning English to Intermediate students of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. The language policy in intermediate college education emerged as a social and personal problem. The quality of English Language teaching in majority of Indian Intermediate Colleges presents a very appalling picture. Teachers’ language proficiency, exposure to language and teaching materials is major concerns for quality English language learning. In reality intermediate students’ situation in UP is very difficult. They don’t have good opportunities as the big cities’ students have. These students consider English as a subject not as a language. So they focus only on examination not on the learning. This is an area which needs proper investigation. This study and the remedial measures suggested at the end will hopefully help students and teachers in learning and teaching English easily and appropriately. The study will also be useful for teachers, scholars, course designers and material producers of English language teaching.
Second Language Learners' Strong Preference for Self-initiated Self-repair: Implications for Theory and Pedagogy
Authors: Zeng Simin
Published: April 2019

This study employs a theoretical framework informed by Conversation Analysis to analyse the self-repairs of a particular group of teenage Chinese EFL learners. With an aim to report on the current development of the participants in using English socially in terms of managing repairs, this study explores their second language (L2) discourse in three communicative tasks. Audio-recorded conversations were analysed and searched for the four sequences of repair. Comparison of the participants' preference for repair sequence to native speakers shows that they can manage repairs and maintain conversation interactively and socially just as native speakers. This suggests that they should be treated as normal social beings in the language classroom and not to be interrupted by the teacher when troubles arise from conversational interaction. Thus, this study provides an account of the current development of these young learners in using the L2 interactively and socially, which holds implications for research on second language education as well as for classroom teaching.
Remodeling Teachers' and Students' Roles in Self-directed Learning Environments: The Case of Saudi Context
Authors: Shaalan Iman El-Nabawi Abdel Wahed
Published: April 2019

Traditional classrooms are markedly teacher-centered. EFL learners are largely urged to commit themselves to communicative learning environments which help them enhance their language performance. Self-directed learning is one of the approaches which proved to be highly effective in Foreign Language Learning (FLL). EFL teachers are usually encouraged to adopt self-directed learning practices in order to improve students’ linguistic competence and performance. Recently, many Saudi universities integrated self-directed learning mode into EFL instruction. However, students' language performance, which is crucial to finding a job opportunity in labor market, is below the desired level. The study aims at remodeling teachers' and students' roles in light of students’ perceptions of English self-directed learning. To achieve this ultimate goal, a questionnaire survey is administered and follow-up semi-structured interviews are held. Results showed that both male and female students have generally positive attitudes towards self-directed learning. However, many of them have real problems with understanding the nature of self-directed learning and how they should use it effectively. Therefore, both institutions and teachers are recommended to improve students’ understanding and awareness of self-directed learning modes, and to rethink their roles.
“Important Players” in the Development of Age-Related Cataracts (Literature Review)
Authors: Israfilova G. Z.
Published: April 2019

Millions people around the world, especially in old age, lose sight because of cataracts. The age-related cataract affects approximately 37 million people in the world annually, and in 51 % of cases, it is the cause of poor vision. Relevant is the importance of identifying risk factors for the development of age-related cataracts. This literature review is devoted to studies examining the influence of various factors on the development of lens opacities. The paper presents data on the effect of age on the development of age-related cataracts, so the prevalence of cataracts at the age of 52–62 years is 5 %, at the age of 60–69 years — 30 %, at the age of 70 and older — 64 %. Its gender features are highlighted — the frequency of lens opacities in women increases significantly with age, and its appearance coincides with the appearance of estrogen deficiency in menopause. Reflected literature data on the dependence of cataract prevalence on race (revealed a higher prevalence in various Asian populations compared with the population of Western countries). This review also had showed the influence of lifestyle and bad habits on the occurrence of cataracts. It was found that smokers have an increased risk of occurrence of a nuclear cataract and, to a lesser extent, the development of its cortical type. It is noted that the development of lens opacification is also influenced by the amount of alcohol consumed, increasing the risk of cataracts, so when studying individual types of cataracts, it is shown that the consumption of strong drinks and wine is associated with an increased risk of nuclear cloudiness. Presents data from large cohort studies that compare (using odds ratios and confidence intervals) the association of cataracts with such somatic diseases as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, also with body mass index and some medications.
Glaucoma Optic Neuropathy Progression: the Results of Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Kurysheva N. I. , Trubilin V. N. , Shatalova E. O. , Lepeshkina L. V.
Published: April 2019

Purpose: to investigate the average speed and risk factors for the glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) progression during longterm observation. Patients and methods. The 10-year data of 750 patients were analyzed. The average GON progression rate was calculated on the basis of perimetry and optical coherent tomography data. Further, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria 128 patients were included into the group of retrospective analysis. Resultes. The following risk factors were established: initial cornealcompensated IOP (IOPcc) > 23.6 mm Hg (AUC 0.7), IOPcc after 5 years > 19.8 mm Hg (AUC 0.83), age > 69.5 years (AUC 0.6), corneal hysteresis < 9.9 mm Hg (AUC 0.6) and retinal nerve fiber layer < 92 μm (AUC 0.6). Patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, and patients taking systemic calcium channel blockers (p = 0.01) also had the higher risk of GON progression. Its rate was lower in patients with arterial hypertension (p = 0.015), and in patients who received prostaglandin analogues (risk was 5 times reduced, p = 0.04) and fixed combinations (risk was 2 times reduced, p = 0.018). IOPcc of higher than 17.6 mm Hg in the long-term period is the most pronounced risk factor for the progression of GON. It was determined that the average ROP of glaucoma progression among the patients was 0.6 dB/year for ROP1, 0.62 ± 1.09 μm/year for ROP2 and 0.95 ± 3.28 μm/year for ROP3, also each 1 dB/year decrease in photosensitivity (in group with glaucoma progression) was associated with further loss of RNFL (3.9 µm/year). Conclusion. The use of prostaglandin analogues and fixed combinations reduces this risk.
A clinical study of patients attending disability clinic in a tertiary care hospital of Assam, India
Authors: Baruah Mamoni , Das Rajiv Kumar , Vishwakarma Daisy , Malakar Amar Jyoti
Published: April 2019

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the various types of congenital or acquired disorders causing permanent disability and their association with age, sex and visual acuity in patients attending disability clinic of department of ophthalmology, Jorhat medical college and hospital, Assam, from January 2018 to December 2018.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. 200 patients were enrolled in the duration of January 2018 to December 2018 and were analyzed for anomalies, etiology, sex and age at presentation.Results: Out of 200 cases analysed, 116 males and 84 females (Male: Female = 1.38:1) observed. The most common age group at presentation was 11-20 years (28.5%). 23% of cases were congenital. The most frequent ocular anomaly noted was microphthalmos (19%) followed by uveal coloboma (15%) and phthisis bulbi (14%).Conclusions: In a developing country like India, a large proportion of the childhood and adult blindness is avoidable. Action is needed to prevent blindness from vitamin A deficiency, measles, external ocular infections and chemical injuries. Specialist paediatric and optical services are required to manage cataract and glaucoma. Further work is indicated to elucidate the causes of anophthalmos, microphthalmos and coloboma. It would be useful to document the changing patterns in the causes of ocular disability to allow early action against emerging avoidable causes.
Visual evoked potentials’ responses in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
Authors: Gautam Vikash , Paudel Bishnu Hari , Lamsal Madhab , Agrawal Kopila , Jha Mukesh Kumar , Maharjan Sanjay , Thakur Dilip
Published: April 2019

Background: Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP) provides important diagnostic and prognostic information regarding the functional integrity of the visual system. This study, describes the effects of less or excess thyroid hormones of adults in visual conduction that helps to know the progression to neurological functional defects.Methods: The study was done in 75 consenting subjects (hypothyroid = 24, hyperthyroid = 25, euthyroid = 26). The VEP parameters N75, P100, N145 latencies and its amplitudes within different thyroid status (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism) were compared. One way ANOVA was used to compare VEP parameters among three groups and Pearson’s correlation to find relation between thyroid hormones and VEP parameters.Results: There was positive correlation of 0.335, 0.338 and 0.301 between amplitudes of N75, P100 and N145 waves and fT3 hormone respectively. Furthermore, fT4 showed a positive correlation of 0.186 and 0.185 with the wave amplitudes of N75 and N145 waves respectively and negative correlation of TSH levels of -0.492, -0.280, -0.397 with amplitudes of N75, P100, N145 waves respectively. Hyperthyroid group had higher in VEP latency than euthyroid group in N75 (73±5.77 vs. 68.54±4.32), P100 (106.42±9.74 vs. 100.94±8.17) and N145 (153.03±16.39 vs. 144.37±7.02) waves. Similarly, hypothyroid group had higher in VEP latency than euthyroid group in N75 (72.12±6.34 vs. 68.54±4.32) wave.Conclusions: Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism led to conduction delay in adults, possibly adversely affecting function of myelin. The prominent visual evoked potential abnormalities in hyperthyroidism and less change in hypothyroidism show that the visual neuropathy is more common in hyperthyroidism.
The comparison of apache II and apache IV score to predict mortality in intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Nagar Vidya S. , Sajjan Basavaraj , Chatterjee Rudrarpan , Parab Nitesh M.
Published: April 2019

Background: The prognostication of critically ill patients, in a systematic way, based on definite objective data is an integral part of the quality of care in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) scoring systems provide an objective means of mortality prediction in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The aims of this study were to compare the performance of APACHE II and APACHE IV in predicting mortality in our intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a 13 bedded intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary level teaching hospital. All the patients above the age of 12 years, irrespective of diagnosis managed in ICU for >24hours were enrolled. APACHE II and APACHE IV scores were calculated based on the worst values in the first 24hours of admission. All enrolled patients were followed up, and outcome was recorded as survivors or non survivors. Observed mortality rates were compared with predicted mortality rates for both the APACHE II and APACHE IV. Receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC) were used to compare accuracy of the two scores.Results: APACHE II score of the patients ranged from 1 to 32 and APACHE IV score of the patients ranged from 25 to 142. There was good correlation between APACHE II and APACHE IV scores with the spearman’s rho value of 0.776 (P<0.01). Discrimination for APACHE II and APACHE IV models were good with area under ROC curve of 0.805 and 0.832 respectively. APACHE IV was more accurate than APACHE II in this regard. The cut-off point with best Youden index for APACHE II was 17 and for APACHE IV were 72 respectively for predicting mortality.Conclusions: Discrimination was better for APACHE IV than APACHE II model however Calibration was better for APACHE II than APACHE IV model in present study. There was good correlation between the two models observed in present study.
Value of the visual prostate symptom score in evaluation of symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement: prospective study in a Nigerian population
Authors: Onowa Victor E. , Shuaibu Samaila I. , Akpayak Idorenyin C. , Ofoha Chimaobi G. , Agbo Christian A. , Nabasu Lemech E. , Galam Zingkur Z. , Ramyil Venyir M. , Dakum Nuhu K.
Published: April 2019

Background: To evaluate the correlation of Visual Prostate Symptom Score (VPSS) with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Maximum Urinary Flow (Qmax). To investigate the effect of educational level on the ability to independently complete the VPSS versus the IPSS and time taken to do so.Methods: Bio data was taken from men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to Benign Prostatic Enlargement (BPE) who presented at the Urology clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital. They were administered the IPSS questionnaire and VPSS pictogram, which they completed with or without physician assistance and the time taken to do so was noted. They subsequently had uroflowmetry done on same visit and the data was recorded in a structured proforma. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS(R) version 20. Correlation test was done for VPSS, IPSS and Qmax while the paired t-test was used for the average time spent in completing both questionnaires. A p-value <0.05 was considered as significant.Results: Eighty-five men (aged 42 to 94 years) were enrolled in the study. The VPSS correlated significantly with the IPSS in terms of total score (r = +0.684, p<0.001) and QoL (r = +0.570, p<0.001), as well as with the Qmax (r = -0.222, p = 0.041). A greater proportion (21.2%) of men with limited education could complete the VPSS without physician assistance as compared to the IPSS (6.0%) and the average time taken to complete the VPSS (170.51 seconds) was significantly shorter than the time taken to complete the IPSS (406.42 seconds).Conclusions: The VPSS correlates significantly with the IPSS and Qmax. It can be completed without physician assistance by a greater proportion of men with limited education within a shorter time period.
A study of prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus using ankle-brachial index and its correlation with coronary artery disease and its risk factors
Authors: Sharma R. K. , Sandhu Pashaura S. , Chhabra Ajay , Singh Jagbir , Kharbanda Rajat
Published: April 2019

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is significant difference in the reported prevalence of PAD and its associated risk factors between Indian and Western studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the PAD complicating T2DM, in particular the influence of PAD on the risk of CAD.Methods: Randomly selected 100 T2DM patients presented to Guru Nanak Dev hospital were included. In addition to a detailed history and physical examination, anthropometric parameters like body mass index was measured. CAD in patients was diagnosed by a history of angina, ECG changes, any past history of CAD or any treatment taken for CAD. Ankle brachial index (ABI) was measured. Data was collected systematically and analyzed according to the standard statistical methods.Results: The prevalence of PAD was 15%. CAD was present in 31%. PAD was found to be significantly correlated with age, duration of diabetes, smoking, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, prevalence of BMI >25 kg/m2, HbA1c and serum HDL ≤40 mg%. Old age, high HbA1c level, and dyslipidaemia were found to be significant independent predictors of CAD.Conclusions: Using ABI authors found evidence of PAD in 15% patients of T2DM. The prevalence of CAD was higher in patients with PAD. So, there is definite and strong correlation between PAD and CAD. Thus, the early diagnosis of PAD should alert the clinician to a high probability of underlying CAD.
The impact of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use in elderly cardiovascular patients: an observational study from tertiary care in South India
Authors: Sharma Sadhna , Govind Biju , Rao Kondal
Published: April 2019

Background: Long-term use of NSAIDs, by patients having cardiovascular conditions, has shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular events and increased risk of death. Hence, the study was conducted to determine the complications related to NSAID use by the elderly patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods: The study was a single-center prospective observational study conducted November 2017 to October 2018. Elderly patients (>60 years) suffering from various CVDs and reported NSAID intake daily for at least one month were included. A questionnaire included demographic, treatment related history and complete details of NSAIDs intake including nature, dose, indication, source etc. The same questionnaire was again filled at the end of one-year follow-up.Results: A total of 100 participants were included in the study. The mean age was 72±8.6 years. Majority of the patients (93%) had hypertension, and 69% of the patient had previous MI.  Five NSAIDs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, naproxen, and ketorolac) were used routinely. At least one over the counter NSAID used was reported by 86%, 57% were prescribed at least one NSAIDs by their orthopaedics and physicians. At the end of 1-year follow-up, authors found that 71% had MI (2% increase), 4% developed reinfarction, 20% had severe left ventricular failure (4% increase), 7% had atrial fibrillation (1% increase), and 2% patients died and 63% patients reported raise in systolic blood pressure by 5mmHg.Conclusions: High prevalence of concomitant NSAID use among elderly CVD patients, which might be contributing towards increase in CVS morbidity and mortality.
A case report on hyperpigmentation in vitamin B12 deficiency
Authors: Verma Vivek Kumar , Vijayavarman V.
Published: April 2019

Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) is a water-soluble vitamin. Cobalamin is synthesized only by microorganisms. The only source of vitamin B12 for humans is food of animal origin. Hyperpigmentation of skin has been reported only rarely as the presenting manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency. We report a patient who had hyperpigmentation as her presenting medical complaint and in whom Vitamin B12 deficiency was the cause.  A 36-year-old female presented with generalised weakness and progressive and asymptomatic hyperpigmentation of hand and feet for 5 months. She is vegetarian by diet. On examination, hyperpigmentation was present over dorsal aspect of metacarpophalangeal, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints. Hyperpigmentation were present over dorsum of the foot and over the joints. The tongue was depaillated, and hyperpigmentation was present. Her serum level of vitamin B12 was diminished (83pg/ml). Megaloblastic anemia presents with protean manifestations. The association between vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperpigmentation, although unusual, has been described. Cutaneous manifestations associated with B12 deficiency include characteristic mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation (most common), vitiligo, angular cheilitis, and hair-nail changes. It mainly affects knuckle pads and oral mucosa. It is an under-recognized sign of megaloblastic anemia and should always be looked for in the setting of pallor. Hyperpigmentation could be the earliest manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency before anemia sets in. It is worthwhile to consider the possibility of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency in a patient with unexplained pigmentary changes. Early detection and adequate treatment will prevent anemia and various neurological manifestations.
A mycological study of clinically normal nails and waistbands and their role as sources of infection in patients with tinea corporis
Authors: Reddy Asritha , Joseph Noyal Maria , Khan Subuh Parvez , Bhat Shuaeb
Published: April 2019

Background: Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection of keratinized tissue caused by keratophilic fungi- dermatophytes. Inanimate objects and infected nails favour the spread of infection. Purpose of this study was to identify the role of waist bands and uninvolved nails as sources of infection in patients with tinea corporis.

Methods: A study was carried out on 50 patients with tinea corporis during the period of December 2010 to June 2012 at Tertiary Care Centre at Pondicherry. Nail clippings, waist band cuttings and scrapings were subjected to direct microscopy with 10% KOH and culture.

Results: Laboratory analysis showed positive culture in 18% of patients, of which dermatophytes were isolated from all three samples in 12% of patients, while in 6% of the patients growth was seen only in the skin scrapings and waist bands.

Conclusions: Waist bands and uninvolved nails harbour dermatophytes and play an active role in the spread and recurrence of infection.
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC INNOVATIONS AS A TOOL FOR ANTI-CRISIS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AT AN ENTERPRISE
Authors: Cherba V. M. , Khomutenko O. V. , Diegtiar O. A. , Palant O. Y.
Published: April 2019

In the conditions of the transformational processes of the national economy, the problem of ensuring innovation activity is a special place in the issues of ensuring socio-economic development of society. Financial and economic innovations are an effective tool for managing socio-economic processes in the context of the crisis phenomena of economic systems. The article is devoted to the actual problem of finding ways to provide innovative activity in the formation of mechanisms of anti-crisis financial management by subjects of economic activity. The purpose of the article is to improve the economic mechanism of crisis management, in particular, the diagnosis of insolvency of enterprises, which has a preventive nature, the implementation of which provides solvency of domestic business entities. In the article a retrospective analysis of insolvency manifestations of metallurgical enterprises was carried out on the basis of the analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches of foreign and domestic scientists to issues of innovative activity in the conditions of crisis phenomena of national economies and analysis of their influence on financial and economic indicators of activity of business entities. The possibility of introducing financial and economic innovations for improving the mechanism of crisis financial management at the enterprise through the use of the proposed methodical approach to the definition of the threshold values of structural indicators of the balance sheet and the report on financial results, compliance with which will ensure the solvency of metallurgical enterprises. Implementation of the developed methodological approach to the definition of threshold values of structural indicators of the balance sheet and the report on financial results of enterprises, which is an element of financial and economic innovations, can increase the efficiency of crisis management financial management. provide financial stability, liquidity, efficiency of business entities, and opportunities for their economic development. Prospects for further research in this area are improving crisis management financial management at enterprises based on the development of forecast scenarios for the development of industrial enterprises.
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONTROLLING OF AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES
Authors: Klokar O. O. , Svynous I. V. , Gavryk O. Y. , Ivanova R. Yu.
Published: April 2019

Integration of Ukraine into the world economic space, the effective implementation of socio-economic reforms to this effect and an improvement in the standard of living of citizens is not possible without qualitative management of human resources management of financial controlling services, first of all, in agricultural companies. Given the urgency and the unresolved state of problem described above, its insufficient study, the main objective of this research is the characterization of human resources management of financial controlling services in agricultural companies and measures for their effective implementation.As a result of our analysis, we have established that the financial controlling service is a subdivision of an entity that implements its overall, stable, long-term strategy for effective management of financial and economic activity in the context of transforming social and labor relations. Taking into account this interpretation, the human resources management of the financial controlling services is a complex, systematic and purposeful field of influence of the head of the company on the specialists of this unit (financial controllers) to ensure optimal conditions for their comprehensive work on achieving the objectives of the entity.In addition, taking into account the above approach, we outlined the main stages of the human resources management of financial controlling services in agricultural companies. Thus, they include the definition of selection criteria for the recruitment of specialists, vocational training and professional development of employees, provision of employment, career development and personnel rotation of specialists at all levels, formation of a reserve of employees according to their professional qualification and direction.The obtained research results form the basis for the study and practical solution of the problem of forming qualitative human resources management of controlling services in agricultural companies at various organizational and legal forms.
БЛОКЧЕЙН ЯК КАТАЛІЗАТОР ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ БІЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕСІВ У СТРАХУВАННІ
Authors: Shevchuk O. O.
Published: April 2019

На сьогодні у страховому секторі технологія блокчейн перебуває на етапі інноваційної активації, а спектр можливих додатків і можливостей її застосування ще не вивчений. Метою статті є переосмислення традиційних страхових бізнес-процесів у контексті інноваційних технологій та аналіз перспектив їх трансформації. Дослідження присвячено саме страховому сектору, оскільки серед 80 нових, але реальних можливостей використання технології блокчейн, майже чверть — у страхуванні. Блокчейн у поєднанні зі смартконтрактами може позитивно трансформувати усі внутрішні процеси страховиків (від залучення клієнтів, андерайтингу до запобігання шахрайству) і навіть дозволити компаніям виходити на нові ринки з новими продуктами, дає можливості вирішувати проблеми, пов’язані з надмірною централізацією, непрозорістю та відмиванням грошей у  страховій сфері. Однак ці можливості в основному визначатимуться тим, чи буде ринок використовувати технологію, чи ні.Окреслено можливості та потенціал застосування технології блокчейн у страховому секторі фінансового ринку, виділено сильні та слабкі сторони технології, виявлено ключові переваги, які дає блокчейн для кожного з основних (операційних) бізнес-процесів страховика: створення і продаж страхового продукту, введення даних про клієнта/оцінка ідентичності, оцінка ризиків/обчислення премій, обслуговування клієнтів, урегулювання збитків, управління активами. Зроблено висновок, що на сьогодні українським страховим компаніям важливо шляхом створення прототипних рішень поступово набувати необхідних компетенцій та оцінювати, як блокчейн буде впливати на наявну страхову бізнес-модель і наскільки ця технологія буде прийнята персоналом і клієнтами. Страховики можуть почати діяти, фокусуючи увагу на трьох напрямах: інноваційний ландшафт, власні пріоритетні напрями діяльності та можливі операційні моделі.
CAPITALIZATION OF PAYMENTS AS A WAY TO COMPENSATE THE DAMAGE TO LIFE AND HEALTH OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN CASEOF A LEGAL ENTITY’S BANKRUPTCY
Authors: Yavor Olga , Nadon Viktoriia , Ruban Olena
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to studying the compensation for loss of life or damage to health suffered by employees in case of an employer's bankruptcy. The authors reviewed and analyzed the procedure of dissolution and liquidation of a legal entity, and the procedure of capitalizing the payments to meet all of the obligations the bankrupt employerhas before its employees.Particular attention is paid to the problem of determining the order of priority of workers’ claims for damage compensation in case of the employer's bankruptcy.Separate attention is paid to the fact that bankruptcy — that is the debtor's incapability to resume its solvency through the procedures of rehabilitation and the settlement and to satisfy established monetary claims of creditors in accordance with the procedure set by the Law of Ukraine "On the restoration of the debtor's solvency or recognition of its bankruptcy" which leads to the use of the liquidation (dissolution) procedure.The articleis analyzed of  legal acts concerning the capitalization of payments and compensation to victims.According to Part 2 of Art. 1205 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, in the event of the liquidation of a legal entity, payments due to the victim or persons entitled to such reimbursement as a result of the death of the breadwinner must be capitalized for payment to their victim or specified persons.At the same time according to the Article 6 of the Law № 1105 the subjects of the insurance against accidents are the insurants and in separate cases (when thevictim is dead) — their family members and other persons, beneficiaries, and theinsurer. Insurant is the person entitled to the benefit of the insurance. Insurats arethe employers and in some cases – the persons specially named as the insured. Theinsurer is the Social Insurance against industrial accidents and occupationaldiseases Fund of Ukraine.Thus the article concludes that the insurant is bound by legislature to conduct capitalization of insurance payments in any case of liquidation (not only through declaring the employer bankrupt but also in other cases provided by law).
ДУАЛІЗМ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ТЕХНІЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ В КОНТЕКСТІ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО, ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТА БЕЗПЕКИ СПОЖИВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Antoniuk K. I. , Antoniuk D. A. , Bukharina L. M. , Shishkin V. O.
Published: April 2019

Проаналізовано сутність та особливості категорії міжнародна технічна допомога (МТД), методи оцінювання ефективності допомоги, досліджено її значення для соціального та фінансово-економічного розвитку країни. Наголошено на неоднозначності та суперечливості допомоги, дуалізмі МТД в контексті забезпечення національної безпеки країни.Виконано галузевий статистичний аналіз профінансованих у 2017 році в Україні проектів, аналіз інституціонального базису в Україні, в результаті яких визначено ключові проблеми (низька ефективність, незначний, а інколи невизначений вплив на соціально-гуманітарний, фінансово-економічний розвиток країни, окремих регіонів та галузей) та комплекс внутрішніх і зовнішніх причин, які створюють перешкоди для залучення та ефективної реалізації проектів МТД.Доведено, що істотною проблемою реалізації і фінансування міжнародної технічної допомоги в Україні є складність оцінювання реального впливу програм і проектів міжнародних донорів на соціально-економічні перетворення.Досліджено вплив МТД на національну та економічну безпеку країни, переваги (доступ до ноу-хау, технологій, знань, навичок, сучасної матеріально-технічної бази), загрози (втрата самостійності країни у прийнятті стратегічних рішень, зменшення власного інноваційного потенціалу) та шляхи зниження загроз (узгодження програм і проектів МТД зі стратегічними пріоритетами соціального та фінансово-економічного розвитку країни, удосконалення інституціонального базису, посилення інформованості суспільства, вдосконалення механізмів планування та моніторингу проектів).Акцентовано на необхідності реалізації проектів і програм, спрямованих на вирішення завдань національної безпеки та безпеки споживання зокрема.
ВПЛИВ ПРИНЦИПІВ ПОДАТКОВОГО ЗАКОНОДАВСТВА НА ВЕДЕННЯ БІЗНЕСУ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Dmytryk O. O. , Kotenko A. M. , Smychok Y. M.
Published: April 2019

Зміни у податково-правовому регулюванні мають забезпечувати як збалансування бюджетів за рахунок податків, так і встановлення справедливих умов для ведення бізнесу, враховувати потреби економічного розвитку. Піднесення економіки вимагає визначення єдиних, зрозумілих, сталих правил оподаткування і недопущення встановлення будь-яких дискримінаційних умов оподаткування. Кожна держава встановлює принципи, що повинні бути втілені в кожній нормі податкового законодавства. Принципи є визначальною категорією для індикатора «оподаткування», що є невід’ємним елементом рейтингу Doing Business. Тож вплив принципів податкового законодавства на ведення бізнесу в Україні є очевидним. Дослідження впливу принципів податкового законодавства на прикладі принципів стабільності та недопущення дискримінації має практичне значення для суб’єктів господарювання у контексті гарантування якості податкового закону, дотримання прав і інтересів платників податків. Доведено, що податкове законодавство повинно бути якісним, доступним та відповідати принципу верховенства права, надавати змогу платникам податків передбачати наслідки своїх дій у практичній діяльності. На прикладі Законів України № 1797-VIII від 21.12.2016 р. і № 1989-VIII від 23.03.2017 р. показано важливість дотримання приписів податкового законодавства у частині стабільності регулювання податкових відносин, забезпечення рівності платників податків, а також балансу інтересів окремих платників податків та суспільства в цілому. Доведено, що ставлення до платників податків повинно бути єдиним, а усі зміни до встановленого Податковим кодексом України правопорядку повинні бути об’єктивними, розумно обґрунтованим і спрямованими на досягнення їх легітимних цілей. Дискримінаційна та нестабільна система оподаткування призводить до порушень прав і законних інтересів суб’єктів господарювання та значних економічних втрат, тож є перепоною для належного ведення бізнесу в Україні. Запропоновано закріпити у Податковому кодексі України право платників податків не застосовувати норми, які суперечать принципам податкового законодавства, а також встановити невичерпний перелік дискримінаційних ознак, поширити дію принципу стабільності на всі без виключення норми Податкового кодексу України.
THE PROOF OF THE EVENT OF A FINANCIAL RESOURCES FRAUD IN THE BANKING SECTOR: PROBLEMATIC ISSUES
Authors: Pohoretskyi Mykola , Serhieieva Diana , Toporetska Zoriana
Published: April 2019

Financial resources fraud in the banking sector is a rather socially dangerous crime, as it causes significant damage to a single bank, the entire banking system of the state, and, in general, affects the stability of the state economy. Ukraine's statistical data indicate a low effectiveness of the prosecution of such crimes. Conducted by the authors interviewing and questionnaires of bank employees, borrowers and investigators shows a high latency of these crimes, because in many cases they are committed by organized criminal groups, which often include public individuals of financial institutions, and in some cases also employees of law enforcement and other supervisory bodies. Due to the social danger and prevalence of this crime, its timely detection, investigation and disclosure is one of the priority areas for investigators. The purpose of this article is to identify the problematic issues of proof of the event of a financial resources fraud in the banking sector and to suggest ways to resolve them, which is based on the results of the analysis of the current legislation, materials of practice and scientific sources on the topic of the study. In scientific research were applied general scientific and special methods of researching (system-structural, formal-logical (dogmatic), comparative, sociological, statistical). The criminal offense is a central element of the subject of evidence. In the proof of the events of financial resources fraud, the object and subject of a criminal offense, the method of committing a crime and the circumstances of its commission are important elements, which the authors analyze in the article. As a result of the research, the authors propose a list of twenty circumstances (questions) that should be established during the investigation to prove this crime.
THE EFFECTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST ON TURNOVER INTENTION
Authors: Mürşide Özgeldi , Hamitoğlu Elif
Published: April 2019

Today where global competition, rapid and continuous change are being experienced, it has become more difficult for enterprises to improve in production and management process, to increase efficiency and quality, to reduce costs, to move fast, to renew technology, to achieve flexible structure and to succeed by achieving superiority in the competition against its like. These efforts which seek to increase operational efficiency are necessary in order to provide competitive advantage today but insufficient. In order to provide and maintain competitive advantage, it is also necessary to make innovation, to make difference, or to use available resources-technology-knowledge in a way that will make a difference and produce new values. It is the human resources that will produce new values, make a difference and implement the strategies for the matter. However, the signs of negativity in human resources, such as high cost of human resources, labour turnover, job dissatisfaction, a decrease in performance-efficiency-quality-motivation, absenteeism are also factors that directly affect the performance of enterprises.Therefore, what enterprises have to use to accomplish their objectives is the human resources that are the source of providing a competitive advantage.  In order for the human resources to create value, it is required to determine and prepare the resources in line with the strategies of the enterprise, to focus on the applications, programs, approaches that provide the development, uncovering of its potential, utilization, motivation, resolution of problems, effective use, production of new values, retention, loyalty, satisfaction, and so on.The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of organizational trust on turnover intention. In the study carried out for this purpose, trust scale and turnover intention scale have been used. 228 people working in private sector in Istanbul have participated in the study. According to the findings obtained from the analysis of the data, organizational trust significantly affects turnover intention. In other words, 18% of the change upon the turnover intention can be explained by the organizational trust ( =0.18).