bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic motivation and its influence in eco shopping basket
Authors: Buil Tamar , Mata Pedro
Published: July 2024

Green, organic, ecological or sustainable are common adjectives used to characterise food that is produced and processed in harmony with natural systems and cycles. The research analysed the inherent drivers behind consumers' preference for organic food and investigated how these drivers influence the prominence of organic products within consumers' shopping baskets. The investigation also dealt with the difference between intended and effective purchase of organic products, as well as the moderating effect of intrinsic motivation on the weight of organic products in consumers' basket of goods. To achieve this, there was examined a sample of 627 respondents gathered through an online panel survey. Cross‐tabulation and one‐way analysis of variance for data analysis were used. The findings revealed that consumers are intrinsically motivated to opt for organic food, which leads to a substantial increase in the proportion of organic items within their shopping baskets and a heightened willingness to allocate more of their budget to such products. This study furnishes empirical evidence underscoring the inherent factors propelling organic food consumption and the significance of comprehending the driving forces that shape consumer behaviour. The outcomes of this study augment the existing body of knowledge pertaining to organic food consumption and provide implications for retailers, policymakers and marketing strategists vested in advancing the cause of organic food.
Cardiac arrest during deep brain stimulation: A case report
Authors: Oberholzer Julian , Fayolle Damien , Vandenbulcke Alberto , Gaudet John G.
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

We present the case of a 54‐year‐old male with severe Parkinson's disease and chronic, non‐reversible pulmonary artery hypertension who had seizures and a cardiorespiratory arrest during surgery for deep brain stimulation, a minimally invasive procedure usually associated with a low risk of complications. This case illustrates how perioperative changes in antiparkinsonian therapy in patient with multiple comorbidities may significantly affect the risk profile.
A case report of MoCD etiology in a neonate: A novel homozygous MoCS2 variant
Authors: Sayed Jamal , Nasir Abdallah , Sayed Ahmed Gamal , Alghamdi Omar A. , Alsharif Elaf Jameel
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency is a rare and fatal genetic disorder. Due to recurrence in the family, the etiological diagnosis could have impacted family planning and alertness to future offspring.

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is a rare and fatal genetic disorder that impairs molybdenum‐dependent enzymes, resulting in conspicuous elevated urine sulfite levels and lowered serum uric acid levels. The disorder may be early‐onset, causing high fatality in neonates due to secondary complications, or late‐onset, manifesting in the first 2 years of life. Severe seizures, progressive neurological degeneration, motor abnormalities, and feeding difficulties are hallmarks of MoCD. Due to the similarity of clinical findings with those of sulfite oxidase deficiency and its neurological findings with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, determining the true etiology remains challenging in MoCD patients. This case report presents a neonate in the first week of life with early onset refractory seizures, motor abnormalities, hypoactivity, and poor feeding behavior. Administering anti‐epileptic drugs did not improve the patient's condition, who started decompensating further. Nevertheless, a thorough screening for metabolic disorders revealed low serum uric acid and high sulfite levels in the urine, indicating potential MoCD. A whole exome sequencing (WES) was thus consulted for confirmatory diagnosis. Unfortunately, the patient's WES results were received after his demise, revealing MoCD caused by a novel variant of the MoCS2 gene that has not yet been reported to the best of our knowledge. This case emphasizes the need to disseminate crucial information regarding MoCD and its etiologies for prompt molecular diagnosis to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Cyclization of 1,3‐Diones and Chalcogenoalkynes: An Eco‐Friendly Protocol for the Regioselective Formation of Polysubstituted Chalcogenofurans
Authors: Dalberto Bianca Thaís , Vieira Marcelo Marques , Padilha Nathalia Batista , Stieler Rafael , Schneider Paulo Henrique
Published: July 2024

Here, we present the synthesis of polysubstituted chalcogenofurans involving an oxidative cycloaddition between 1,3‐diones and chalcogenoalkynes. The method utilizes blue LEDs as a clean energy source, methylene blue as a photocatalyst – an inexpensive and non‐toxic dye – and ammonium persulfate as an oxidant, all conducted at room temperature. This benign protocol enables access to a wide range of chalcogenofurans with good to excellent yields and outstanding regioselectivity. Only one regioisomer was obtained, indicating strong radical stabilization by the chalcogen atom. Various functionalities in both alkynes and 1,3‐diones demonstrated amenability to the developed reaction. A mechanistic understanding, derived from control experiments and the detection of radical intermediates, suggests that a radical forms at the carbon‐2 position of the 1,3‐dione, which subsequently adds to the chalcogenoalkyne, resulting in the formation of an olefinic intermediate. Following this, an intramolecular radical addition occurs, which, upon photoredox cycle closure, leads to the formation of the desired products.
Fluiddynamik von Kolonneneinbauten unter Berücksichtigung von Fouling
Authors: Engel Volker
Published: July 2024

Die fluiddynamische Berechnung von Kolonneneinbauten ist entscheidend für deren Auslegung. Die verschiedenen Foulingeffekte (durch Kristallisation, Partikel, chemische Reaktion) beeinflussen die Fluiddynamik von Kolonnen auf unterschiedliche Weise (Kapazität, Trennleistung). Aktuelle Berechnungsmodelle basieren jedoch auf sauberen Systemen und beziehen kein Fouling mit ein. Durch die richtige Berücksichtigung der durch Fouling veränderten geometrischen Parameter können die klassischen Modelle verwendet werden, um den Zustand von Einbauten in ihrer zeitlichen Entwicklung berechnen zu können.
TAG‐Assisted Liquid‐Phase Synthesis and Structure Activity Relationship of Macolacin‐Based Side‐to‐Tail Cyclopeptides Antibiotic
Authors: Li Haidi , Jin Yuankui , Pei Minfan , Zhang Linyan , Wang Lianjun , Yang Yuxin , Xiang Peng , Liang Taigang
Published: July 2024

Comprehensive Summary

TAG‐assisted peptide synthesis technology enables optimal conservation of Fmoc amino acid raw materials and chemical solvents while eliminating the need for intricate chromatographic purification processes. This work presents a 4,4'‐diphenylphosphonoxy diphenylcarbinol tag‐mediated liquid‐phase synthesis approach for preparing side‐to‐tail cyclopeptides macolacin which has strong activity against gram‐negative bacteria, and its 15 analogues containing four N‐methylation modified cyclopeptides, as well as an investigation of their structure‐activity relationship (SAR). The synthesis of macolacin analogues primarily focuses on the modifications of the N‐methylation group of Ile‐7 and the tail fatty acyl chain of macolacin. The incorporation of N‐methylation for Ile‐7, along with the dihalogenated or monohalogenated benzoic acids for tail modification, exhibited remarkable antibacterial efficacy and minimal hepatocellular toxicity in vitro. The present study identified an N‐methylation‐modified antimicrobial cyclopeptide Ma14 that exhibits rapid bactericidal efficacy against A. baumanii, etc., while showing reduced hepatocellular toxicity. Molecular docking simulations were conducted to investigate the binding of cyclopeptides to the outer membrane protein BamA of A. baumannii. The findings demonstrated the stable binding interactions of the cyclopeptides with the BamA protein and then presented a novel approach to explain the bacteriostatic mechanism of macolacin‐based cyclopeptide antibiotics.
A General Electron Donor‐Acceptor Photoactivation Using Oxime Esters Enabled Divergent Thioetherifications†
Authors: Lu Maojian , Jiang Liang‐Liang , Xu Yue‐Ming , Li Sanliang , Tong Qing‐Xiao , Zhong Jian‐Ji
Published: July 2024

Comprehensive Summary

The EDA complex‐mediated reactions involving oxime esters have been few studied. Herein, an EDA complex formed by thiophenolate anion and oxime ester is reported for photoinduced divergent synthesis of thioethers, depending on different types of oxime esters. Operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and flexible options of leaving group demonstrate the generality and synthetic utility of this approach. Such an approach can also enable an interesting thiol‐catalysis for the synthesis of phenanthridines.
Metal‐Support Interaction Boosts Au Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution‐Coupled Ethanol Electro‐Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Yin Yiquan , Gu Fangwei , Wang Yuxin , Chen Chengjin , Wang Yongsheng , Zhu Wei , Zhuang Zhongbin
Published: July 2024

Electrochemical hydrogen and acetate cogeneration from ethanol is a promising green hydrogen production technique with low hydrogen production energy consumption and high profitability. However, the poor catalytic stability of the anodic ethanol electro‐oxidation reaction (EOR) retards the device application. We adopted a metal support interaction strategy to reinforce small‐sized Au active sites using cuprous sulfide supports. The Au−Cu2–xS/C showed a superior activity of 1055 mA mgAu−1 at 1.1 V vs. RHE and retained the high activity in the chronopotentiometric test, surpassing the Au/C catalyst. It was demonstrated that the Cu2–xS support facilitated the formation of Au−OH and prevented the gold sites from aggregation, leading to high activity and stability for EOR. Finally, an electrochemical cogeneration electrolyzer assembled with the Au−Cu2–xS/C anodic catalyst continuously ran for over 100 hours, suggesting the device‘s applicability.
Upregulation of the long noncoding RNA GJA9‐MYCBP and PVT1 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Shahamiri Kamal , Alghasi Arash , Saki Najmaldin , Teimori Hossein , Kaydani Gholam Abbas , sheikhi Setare
Published: July 2024

Background

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of blood cancer in children. Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may set stages for ALL development. LncRNAs are emerging as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for ALL. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the expression of lncRNA GJA9‐MYCBP and PVT1 in blood samples of ALL and healthy individuals.

Methods

As a case–control study, 40 pairs of ALL and healthy individual samples were used. The expression of MYC and each candidate lncRNA was measured using quantitative real‐time PCR. Any possible association between the expression of putative noncoding RNAs and clinicopathological characteristics was also evaluated.

Results

LncRNA GJA9‐MYCBP and PVT1 were significantly upregulated in ALL samples compared with healthy ones. Similarly, mRNA levels of MYC were increased in ALL samples than control ones. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated a satisfactory diagnostic efficacy (p‐value <.0001), suggesting that lncRNA GJA9‐MYCBP and PVT1 may serve as a diagnostic biomarker for ALL. Linear regression analysis unveiled positive correlations between the expression level of MYC and lncRNA GJA9‐MYCBP and PVT1 in ALL patients (p‐values <.01).

Conclusions

In this study, we provided approval for the clinical diagnostic significance of lncRNA GJA9‐MYCBP and PVT1that their upregulations may be a diagnostic biomarker for ALL.
Effect of Mild or Moderate Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Avacopan, a Small‐Molecule Complement C5a Receptor Antagonist, for the Treatment of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody‐Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Miao Shichang , Suso Pablo , Furst John A. , Hudson Matthew G. , Trivedi Ashit
Published: July 2024

Avacopan is currently approved in several regions of the world as an oral treatment in combination with standard therapy, including glucocorticoids, for adult patients with severe active antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody‐associated vasculitis. In vitro and clinical studies have established that avacopan is primarily eliminated through cytochrome P450 3A4 metabolism. This Phase 1, open‐label, single‐dose study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06004934) was conducted to evaluate the effect of mild (n = 8) or moderate (n = 8) hepatic impairment compared with normal hepatic function (n = 8) on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of a single oral dose of 30 mg of avacopan in patients without active antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody‐associated vasculitis. Relative to participants with normal hepatic function, in participants with mild or moderate hepatic impairment, the avacopan area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) were 1.3 (0.9‐2.0) and 1.1 (0.6‐2.0), respectively, and the avacopan maximum plasma concentration geometric mean ratios (90% CIs) were 1.0 (0.8‐1.3) and 0.8 (0.6‐1.1), respectively. The geometric mean ratios of metabolite M1 also revealed no pharmacokinetically relevant increase in the peak exposure of M1 in participants with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. Thus, no avacopan dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment.
Synthesis of Ternary Photoactive Heterojunction B/CN@rGO for Visible Light Driven Selective Photooxidation of Benzyl Alcohol
Authors: Trivedi Komal , Yadav Bhanupriya , Shrivastav Rohit , Modi Chetan K.
Published: July 2024

This work introduces a novel ternary heterostructure as a photocatalyst to selectively produce benzaldehyde from benzyl alcohol through photooxidation. We have synthesized bismuth vanadate functionalized graphitic carbon nitride decorated reduced graphene oxide B/CN@rGO ternary composite and subsequently subjected it to several characterization methodologies like XRD, FE‐SEM, HR‐TEM, XPS, FT‐IR, TGA, UV‐vis DRS, and EIS. The synthesized B/CN@rGO was effectively used in the photooxidation process to produce benzaldehyde from benzyl alcohol, employing a cost‐effective white LED light of 200 W. Remarkable selectivity (100 %) towards the benzaldehyde was attained employing green oxidant H2O2. In addition, the synthesized photocatalyst showed unique thermal stability and could be reused for over five cycles without compromising the selectivity of the resulting product. Based on our comprehensive review of the existing study, the present work introduces a unique approach for the photooxidation of benzyl alcohol, employing B/CN@rGO ternary heterostructure as the photocatalyst.
Constructing Hydrangea‐Like Iron‐Cobalt Phosphides via Boron‐Assisted Strategy as an Efficient Catalyst for Water Splitting at High Current Density
Authors: Pan Hongzhou , Hao Ruixin , Wang Luyao , Yu Yi , Yang Nan
Published: July 2024

Finding suitable bifunctional catalysts for industrial hydrogen production is the key to fully building a hydrogen energy society. In this study, we present a novel approach to modifying the surface morphology of electrodeposited cobalt phosphide (CoP). Specifically, we have developed a method to create a hydrangea‐like structure of bimetallic cobalt‐iron phosphide (B‐CoFeP@CoP) through ion‐exchange and NaBH4‐assisted strategies. This catalyst exhibited excellent bifunctional catalytic capability at high current densities, achieving a current density of 500 mA cm−2 at a small overpotential (387 mV for OER and 252 mV for HER). When assembled into an OWS electrolyzer, this catalyst showed a fairly low cell voltage (≈1.88 V) at 500 mA cm−2 current density., Furthermore, B‐CoFeP@CoP shows ceaseless durability over 120 h in both freshwater and seawater with almost no change in the cell voltage. A combined experimental and theoretical study identified that the unique hydrangea‐like structure provided a larger electrochemically active surface area and more effective active sites. Further analysis indicates that during the OER process, phosphides ensure that bimetallic active sites adsorb more OOH * intermediates and further DFT calculations showed that B‐Fe2P and B‐Co2P acted as active centers for dissociation of H2O and desorption of H2, respectively, to synergistically catalyze the HER process.
Energy‐efficient mechanisms for sustainable operations in vehicular fog networks: Challenges, state‐of‐the‐art, and future directions
Authors: Jiang Jing
Published: July 2024

Vehicular fog networks (VFNs) improve vehicular communications by incorporating fog computing into the existing vehicular infrastructure. The integration of fog computing and vehicular communication results in the development of a diverse range of novel applications and services, including intelligent transportation systems and real‐time data analytics. This paradigm has evolved as an innovative strategy that deals with the load on cloudlet nodes, improves service response time during high‐demand periods, and saves energy in battery‐powered devices. VFN is realized by offloading user workloads to vehicular devices, taking advantage of the underutilized computational power of nearby vehicles. While VFN holds great promise, its widespread adoption faces many challenges, including ineffective energy‐latency tradeoff mechanisms and optimal resource allocation strategies. This study provides a thorough analysis that explores the challenges, examines current approaches, and suggests ways to improve the tradeoffs between energy and latency, thereby optimizing network resources. The study offers constructive recommendations for enhancing the development and establishing more robust VFNs.
Alexandrite Laser for Hair Reduction: Updates and What Is New
Authors: Haykal Diala
Published: July 2024

Introduction

In the realm of dermatological advancements, the alexandrite laser has carved out a significant niche in hair removal treatments. Operating at a 755 nm wavelength, it is adept at targeting melanin in hair follicles, making it particularly suitable for individuals with fair skin tones. Despite its advantages, the application of alexandrite lasers presents challenges, especially in individuals with darker skin tones due to a higher risk of adverse effects.

Objective

This comprehensive review explores the literature to examine the role and advancements of the alexandrite laser within the evolving landscape of laser hair removal. It discusses the technology's strengths, limitations, and prospects, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of its current state and identify avenues for further research.

Methods

Comprehensive searches were conducted in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library from January 1990 to April 2024. The search included keywords and MeSH terms like ‘laser therapy,’ ‘hair reduction,’ ‘phototherapy,’ ‘hair removal,’ and ‘alexandrite.’ Studies focusing specifically on alexandrite lasers for hair removal, including reviews and clinical trials, were included.

Results

The alexandrite laser is highly effective for light skin tones but poses risks for darker skin. Nd:YAG lasers are safer for darker skin but may require more sessions for fine or light‐colored hair. Diode lasers are versatile for various skin types but less efficient for very dark or very light skin. IPL is adaptable but often needs more sessions and has higher side effect risks. Long‐term studies show sustained hair reduction with alexandrite lasers, resulting in high patient satisfaction. Side effects are generally mild and temporary, such as redness and swelling. Recent advancements in alexandrite laser technology, such as integration with other laser types, larger spot sizes, and improved cooling systems, have enhanced its safety and efficacy. Combining alexandrite with Nd:YAG lasers has expanded its applicability to darker skin tones. These innovations, along with high‐frequency treatments and shorter pulse durations, promise improved patient outcomes. However, considerations of cost and the need for multiple sessions must be weighed.

Conclusion

No single hair removal technology is universally superior; the optimal choice varies based on individual skin and hair characteristics. Advancements in alexandrite laser technology have broadened its applicability and enhanced its effectiveness and comfort for patients. Ongoing research and technological developments promise to refine these techniques further, revolutionizing long‐lasting hair reduction and making it an increasingly accessible and sustainable choice.
Montane diversification as a mechanism of speciation in neotropical butterflies
Authors: de Moraes Magaldi Luiza , Gueratto Patrícia Eyng , Ortega‐Abboud Enrique , Sobral‐Souza Thadeu , Joron Mathieu , de Souza Anete Pereira , Freitas André Victor Lucci , Silva‐Brandão Karina Lucas
Published: July 2024

The mountains in the Atlantic Forest domain are environments that harbor a high biodiversity, including species adapted to colder climates that were probably influenced by the climatic variations of the Pleistocene. To understand the phylogeographic pattern and assess the taxonomic boundaries between two sister montane species, a genomic study of the butterflies Actinote mantiqueira and A. alalia (Nymphalidae: Acraeini) was conducted. Analyses based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial gene COI (barcode region) failed to recover any phylogenetic or genetic structure discriminating the two species or sampling localities. However, single nucleotide polymorphisms gathered using Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing provided a strong isolation pattern in all analyses (genetic distance, phylogenetic hypothesis, clustering analyses, and FST statistics) which is consistent with morphology, separating all individuals of A. alalia from all populations of A. mantiqueira. The three sampled mountain ranges where A. mantiqueira populations occur—Serra do Mar, Serra da Mantiqueira, and Poços de Caldas Plateau—were identified as three isolated clusters. Paleoclimate simulations indicate that both species' distributions changed according to climatic oscillations in the Pleistocene period, with the two species potentially occurring in areas of lower altitude during glacial periods when compared to the interglacial periods (as the present). Besides, a potential path between their distribution through the Serra do Mar Mountain range was inferred. Therefore, the Pleistocene climatic fluctuation had a significant impact on the speciation process between A. alalia and A. mantiqueira, which was brought on by isolation at different mountain summits during interglacial periods, as shown by the modeled historical distribution and the observed genetic structure.
A novel approach for the effective prediction of cardiovascular disease using applied artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Mir Azka , Ur Rehman Attique , Ali Tahir Muhammad , Javaid Sabeen , Almufareh Maram Fahaad , Humayun Mamoona , Shaheen Momina
Published: July 2024

Aims

The objective of this research is to develop an effective cardiovascular disease prediction framework using machine learning techniques and to achieve high accuracy for the prediction of cardiovascular disease.

Methods

In this paper, we have utilized machine learning algorithms to predict cardiovascular disease on the basis of symptoms such as chest pain, age and blood pressure. This study incorporated five distinct datasets: Heart UCI, Stroke, Heart Statlog, Framingham and Coronary Heart dataset obtained from online sources. For the implementation of the framework, RapidMiner tool was used. The three‐step approach includes pre‐processing of the dataset, applying feature selection method on pre‐processed dataset and then applying classification methods for prediction of results. We addressed missing values by replacing them with mean, and class imbalance was handled using sample bootstrapping. Various machine learning classifiers were applied out of which random forest with AdaBoost dataset using 10‐fold cross‐validation provided the high accuracy.

Results

The proposed model provides the highest accuracy of 99.48% on Heart Statlog, 93.90% on Heart UCI, 96.25% on Stroke dataset, 86% on Framingham dataset and 78.36% on Coronary heart disease dataset, respectively.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the results of the study have shown remarkable potential of the proposed framework. By handling imbalance and missing values, a significantly accurate framework has been established that could effectively contribute to the prediction of cardiovascular disease at early stages.
The water imbalance of skeletal muscle and muscle weakness in patients with heart failure
Authors: Nakamura Kensuke , Kinugasa Yoshiharu , Sota Takeshi , Hirai Masayuki , Kato Masahiko , Yamamoto Kazuhiro
Published: July 2024

Aims

A high extracellular water (ECW) to intracellular water (ICW) ratio of skeletal muscle as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis is reportedly associated with loss of muscle strength. However, the validity of this index for heart failure (HF), which is likely associated with changes in the water distribution, is unclear.

Methods and results

This study involved 190 patients with HF. The total ECW and ICW of both upper and lower extremities were measured, and a high ECW/ICW ratio was defined as an ECW/ICW ratio higher than the median (≥0.636 for men, ≥0.652 for women). Low muscle strength was defined as reduced handgrip strength according to the criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Patients with a high ECW/ICW ratio had a lower handgrip strength (21.1 ± 8.1 kg vs. 27.6 ± 9.3 kg, P ≤ 0.05) and 6 min walk distance (329 ± 116 m vs. 440 ± 114 m) than those with a low ECW/ICW ratio. An increasing ECW and/or decreasing ICW was associated with a higher ECW/ICW ratio and a lower handgrip strength (P < 0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a high ECW/ICW ratio and low skeletal muscle mass were independently associated with low muscle strength (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

A high ECW/ICW ratio in limb muscles, that is, the water imbalance of increasing ECW and/or decreasing ICW, is useful in assessing muscle quality in patients with HF.
European Society of Cardiology quality indicators update for the care and outcomes of adults with heart failure. The Heart Failure Association of the ESC
Authors: Abdin Amr , Wilkinson Chris , Aktaa Suleman , Böhm Michael , Polovina Marija , Rosano Giuseppe , Lainscak Mitja , Lund Lars H. , McDonagh Theresa , Metra Marco , Adamo Marianna , Mindham Richard , Piepoli Massimo , Abdelhamid Magdy , Störk Stefan , Tokmakova Maria P. , Seferović Petar , Coats Andrew J.S. , Gale Chris P.
Published: July 2024

Aims

To update the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) quality indicators (QIs) for the evaluation of the care and outcomes of adults with heart failure.

Methods and results

The Working Group comprised experts in heart failure including members of the ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force for heart failure, members of the Heart Failure Association, and a patient representative. We followed the ESC methodology for QI development. The 2023 focused guideline update was reviewed to assess the suitability of the recommendations with strongest association with benefit and harm against the ESC criteria for QIs. All the new proposed QIs were individually graded by each panellist via online questionnaires for both validity and feasibility. The existing heart failure QIs also underwent voting to ‘keep’, ‘remove’ or ‘modify’. Five domains of care for the management of heart failure were identified: (1) structural QIs, (2) patient assessment, (3) initial treatment, (4) therapy optimization, and (5) patient health‐related quality of life. In total, 14 ‘main’ and 3 ‘secondary’ QIs were selected across the five domains.

Conclusion

This document provides an update of the previously published ESC QIs for heart failure to ensure that these measures are aligned with contemporary evidence. The QIs may be used to quantify adherence to clinical practice as recommended in guidelines to improve the care and outcomes of patients with heart failure.
Interferon α and β induce differential transcriptional and functional metabolic phenotypes in human macrophages and blunt glycolysis in response to antigenic stimuli
Authors: Leisching Gina , Yennemadi Anjali , Gogan Karl , Keane Joseph
Published: July 2024

The impact of chronic exposure to type I interferons (IFN)‐α2a, 2b, and β on macrophage metabolism, intimately linked to macrophage function, is not well understood. This study assesses the nuanced host responses induced by type I IFN cytokines, offering insights into potential therapeutic approaches in diseases associated with these cytokines. Employing a combination of transcriptional profiling and real‐time functional analysis, we delineated metabolic reprogramming in response to chronic IFN exposure. Our results reveal distinct transcriptional metabolic profiles between macrophages chronically exposed to IFN‐α and IFN‐β. IFN‐β significantly diminishes the oxygen consumption rate and glycolytic proton extrusion rate in macrophages. Conversely, IFN‐α2b decreased parameters of mitochondrial fitness and induced a shift toward glutamine oxidation. Assessing the ability of macrophages to induce glycolysis in response to antigenic stimuli (LPS and iH37Rv), we found that chronic exposure to all IFN subtypes limited glycolytic induction. This study addresses a critical oversight in the literature, where individual roles of IFN subtypes are frequently amalgamated and lack distinction. These findings not only provide novel insights into the divergent effects of IFN‐α2a, α2b, and β on macrophage metabolism but also highlight their potential implications for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
Pyrazolone Containing Azine Based Molybdenum Complexes Having μ‐O{MoO2}2 Core and their Catalytic Applications for the Cycloaddition of CO2 with Epoxides to Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Maurya Mannar R. , Singh Devesh , Sharma Astha , Avecilla Fernando
Published: July 2024

Tetradentate ONNO donor ligands H2hz(fp)2 (I), H2hz(butp)2 (II) and H2hz(bp)2 (III) synthesized by the reaction of hydrazine hydrate with 4‐formyl‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐pyrazolone (fp), 4‐butyryl‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐pyrazolone (butp) and 4‐benzoyl‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐pyrazolone (bp), respectively, react with [MoVIO2(acac)2] in 1 : 2 molar ratio in refluxing methanol to give binuclear complexes [(μ‐O){MoVIO2(H2O)}2hz(fp)2] (1) and [(μ‐O){MoVIO2(H2O)}2hz(butp)2] (2) and [(μ‐O){MoVIO2(H2O)}2hz(bp)2] (3). All ligands and complexes are characterized by several techniques that include, FT‐IR, UV/Vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental and thermal analysis, and single crystal X‐ray analysis of 2 and 3. Ligands coordinate through a set of ON functionalities of the same ligand to two MoVIO2 groups attached through an oxido‐bridge. Additional coordination of water to each vanadium makes each of them to maintain an octahedral geometry. Azine moiety coordinates to two molybdenum through the symmetrical μ‐{η2‐(N−N)} fashion. Catalytic activity of these complexes was studied for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides. A pressure of 4 bar CO2, 3.0 mg catalyst, 1 mmol of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) at 120 °C for 6 h were found to be most suited reaction condition for 10 mmol epoxide. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the product yield and selectivity of alkene carbonate for all complexes were investigated. As high as 96 % yield with almost 99 % selectivity for styrene carbonate under these optimized reaction conditions was achieved.
What is the role of universities at a time of climate and ecological crisis?
Authors: Dyke James G. , Monbiot George
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a dialogue between a writer and an academic about the roles and responsibilities of universities with respect to the climate and ecological crisis. The discussion addressed  six priority issues: education; student protest; academic objectivity; student debt and financing; fossil fuel funding; consensus and risks. In considering these issues, the importance of interdisciplinarity was stressed. This included fostering inclusive approaches beyond natural sciences while recognising the importance of different perspectives on environmental challenges. The role of universities as a locus of social change was emphasised. An exploration of opportunities and barriers towards facilitating such perspectives within higher education was discussed.
More attention for the detection of comorbid autism spectrum disorders in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Authors: Winnemuller Anouk , Heijnen‐Kohl Sylvia M. J. , van Alphen Sebastiaan P. J.
Published: July 2024

Key points

Translocation of individuals with dementia to a nursing home can be very stressful because of cohabitation with fellow residents and dependence on care staff, resulting in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).

Undiagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can be a contributing factor to BPSD and are less often recognized later in life.

The detection of ASD in old age lags behind due to insufficient knowledge and alertness among health care professionals.

Recognizing ASD not only leads to more understanding and acceptance but can also contribute to better (non‐pharmacological) treatment of BPSD and guidance of nursing home residents.
Utilizing connectome fingerprinting functional MRI models for motor activity prediction in presurgical planning: A feasibility study
Authors: Tripathi Vaibhav , Rigolo Laura , Bracken Bethany K. , Galvin Colin P. , Golby Alexandra J. , Tie Yanmei , Somers David C.
Published: July 2024

Presurgical planning prior to brain tumor resection is critical for the preservation of neurologic function post‐operatively. Neurosurgeons increasingly use advanced brain mapping techniques pre‐ and intra‐operatively to delineate brain regions which are “eloquent” and should be spared during resection. Functional MRI (fMRI) has emerged as a commonly used non‐invasive modality for individual patient mapping of critical cortical regions such as motor, language, and visual cortices. To map motor function, patients are scanned using fMRI while they perform various motor tasks to identify brain networks critical for motor performance, but it may be difficult for some patients to perform tasks in the scanner due to pre‐existing deficits. Connectome fingerprinting (CF) is a machine‐learning approach that learns associations between resting‐state functional networks of a brain region and the activations in the region for specific tasks; once a CF model is constructed, individualized predictions of task activation can be generated from resting‐state data. Here we utilized CF to train models on high‐quality data from 208 subjects in the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and used this to predict task activations in our cohort of healthy control subjects (n = 15) and presurgical patients (n = 16) using resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) data. The prediction quality was validated with task fMRI data in the healthy controls and patients. We found that the task predictions for motor areas are on par with actual task activations in most healthy subjects (model accuracy around 90%–100% of task stability) and some patients suggesting the CF models can be reliably substituted where task data is either not possible to collect or hard for subjects to perform. We were also able to make robust predictions in cases in which there were no task‐related activations elicited. The findings demonstrate the utility of the CF approach for predicting activations in out‐of‐sample subjects, across sites and scanners, and in patient populations. This work supports the feasibility of the application of CF models to presurgical planning, while also revealing challenges to be addressed in future developments.

Practitioner Points

Precision motor network prediction using connectome fingerprinting.

Carefully trained models' performance limited by stability of task‐fMRI data.

Successful cross‐scanner predictions and motor network mapping in patients with tumor.
Assessing the presence of sustainability education in the curriculum of medical students and surgical trainees in Africa: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zolo Yvan , Demissie Mihret A. , Echengi Emmanuel M. , Davis Banturaki , Ornella Pokam F. , Sichimba Dawin , Dalle David U. , Simo Flora , Sunday Chidiebere I. , Pulani Yanelisa , Esene Ignatius
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Integrating sustainability principles into medical and surgical curricula raises awareness and empowers future healthcare professionals to adopt sustainable practices, reducing the environmental impact of surgical care. This study aims to assess the presence of sustainability education in African medical schools and surgical residency curricula to inform policymakers and educators in African healthcare systems.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was undertaken through an online survey among medical students and surgical trainees in African countries to describe the presence of sustainability education in surgical training programs and medical curricula across Africa. The results of this survey were reported in accordance with the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E‐Surveys (CHERRIES).

Results

A total of 141 participants from 17 countries responded to our e‐survey, primarily consisting of undergraduate medical students (92.2%, n = 130). Only 9.2% of participants reported familiarity with the concept of sustainability in surgical care, and 60.3% stated that they had yet to receive any education on sustainability. Waste management was the most commonly taught sustainability topic among those who confirmed the presence of sustainability education in their curricula. Additionally, 76% of participants reported not participating in sustainability‐related projects during their training.

Conclusion

This study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive integration of sustainability principles in surgical care and identifies barriers, such as a lack of awareness and resources to this integration. Addressing these gaps and implementing the suggested approaches can lead to more environmentally conscious and socially responsible surgical systems in Africa.
Targeted management of coexistent severe thrombophilias—A case report of a successful pregnancy despite paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and hereditary protein C deficiency
Authors: Dereme Julien , Goodyer Matthew , Baud David , Alberio Lorenzo , Grandoni Francesco , Gavillet Mathilde
Published: July 2024

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hematological disorder characterized by the absence of complement regulatory proteins on the surface of erythrocytes, leading to intravascular hemolysis and thrombosis. Managing PNH during pregnancy poses significant challenges due to increased risks of morbidity and mortality. This case report describes the detailed obstetric course of a 44‐year‐old woman with PNH and additional hereditary protein C deficiency who had previously experienced multiple thrombotic events and adverse pregnancy outcomes (two early miscarriages and one stillbirth at 25 weeks gestation [WG]), treated with eculizumab (terminal C5 inhibitor) and optimal anticoagulation management. Close monitoring of hemolysis and hemostasis parameters was conducted throughout the gestation period together with increased obstetrical surveillance. The pregnancy progressed without thrombotic complications or breakthrough hemolysis, and the patient delivered a healthy newborn at 36 WG after induction of labor due to restricted fetal growth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a positive pregnancy outcome despite PNH in conjunction with hereditary thrombophilia. This case report highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving hematologists and obstetricians in the management of pregnant women with PNH. Tailored therapy, close monitoring, and comprehensive care are crucial to minimize risks and optimize outcomes.
SARS‐CoV‐2‐Spike T‐cell response after receiving one or two Wuhan‐Hu‐1‐based mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine booster doses in elderly nursing home residents
Authors: Carretero Diego , Giménez Estela , Albert Eliseo , Colomer Ester , Torres Ignacio , Olea Beatriz , Sánchez‐Simarro Ángela , Navarro David
Published: July 2024

The effect of COVID‐19 booster vaccination on SARS‐CoV‐2 T‐cell mediated immune responses in elderly nursing home residents has not been explored in depth. Thirty‐nine elderly nursing home residents (median age, 91 years) were included, all fully vaccinated with mRNA vaccines. The frequency of and the integrated mean fluorescence (iMFI) for peripheral blood SARS‐CoV‐2‐Spike reactive IFN‐γ‐producing CD4+ or CD8+ T cells before and after the first (Pre‐3D and Post‐3D) and second (Pre‐4D and Post‐4D) vaccine booster doses was determined using flow cytometry for an intracellular staining method. 3D increased significantly (p = 0.01) the percentage of participants displaying detectable SARS‐CoV‐2‐T‐cell responses compared with pre‐3D (97% vs. 74%). The magnitude of the increase was statistically significant for CD8+ T cells (p = 0.007) but not for CD4+ T cells (p = 0.77). A trend towards higher frequencies of peripheral blood SARS‐CoV‐2‐CD8+ T cells was observed post‐3D compared with pre‐3D (p = 0.06). The percentage of participants with detectable SARS‐S‐CoV‐2 CD4+ T‐cell responses decreased post‐4D (p = 0.035). Following 4D, a nonsignificant decrease in the frequencies of both T cell subsets was noticed (p = 0.94 for CD8+ T cells and p = 0.06 for CD4+ T cells). iMFI data mirrored that of T‐cell frequencies. The kinetics of SARS‐CoV‐2 CD8+ and CD4+ T cells following receipt of 3D and 4D were comparable across SARS‐CoV‐2‐experienced and ‐naïve participants and between individuals receiving a homologous or heterologous vaccine booster. 3D increased the percentage of elderly nursing home residents displaying detectable SARS‐CoV‐2 T‐cell responses but had a marginal effect on T‐cell frequencies. The impact of 4D on SARS‐CoV‐2 T‐cell responses was negligible; whether this was due to suboptimal priming or rapid waning could not be ascertained.
Global burden of vaccine‐associated hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal adverse drug reactions, 1967–2023: A comprehensive analysis of the international pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Lee Sooji , Lee Kyeongmin , Park Jaeyu , Jeong Yi Deun , Jo Hyesu , Kim Soeun , Woo Selin , Son Yejun , Kim Hyeon Jin , Lee Kwanjoo , Ha Yeonjung , Oh Na‐eun , Lee Jinseok , Rhee Sang Youl , Smith Lee , Kang Jiseung , Rahmati Masoud , Lee Hayeon , Yon Dong Keon
Published: July 2024

Although previous studies have focused on hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with COVID‐19 vaccines, literature on such ADRs with other vaccines is limited, particularly on a global scale. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the global burden of vaccine‐associated hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal ADRs and identify the vaccines implicated in these occurrences. This study utilized data from the World Health Organization (WHO) international pharmacovigilance database to extract reports of vaccine‐associated hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal ADRs from 1967 to 2023 (total reports = 131 255 418). Through global reporting counts, reported odds ratios (ROR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), and information components (IC) with IC0.25, the study examined the association between 16 vaccines and the incidence of hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal ADRs across 156 countries. Of the 6 842 303 reports in the vaccine‐associated ADRs, 10 786 reports of liver injury, 927 870 reports of gastrointestinal symptoms, 2978 reports of pancreas and bile duct injury, and 96 reports of intra‐abdominal hemorrhage between 1967 and 2023 were identified. Most hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal ADRs surged after 2020, with the majority of reports attributed to COVID‐19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. Hepatitis A vaccines exhibited the highest association with liver injury (ROR [95% CI]: 10.30 [9.65–10.99]; IC [IC0.25]: 3.33 [3.22]), followed by hepatitis B, typhoid, and rotavirus. Specifically, ischemic hepatitis had a significant association with both Ad5‐vectored and mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines. Gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with all vaccines except for tuberculosis vaccines, particularly with rotavirus (11.62 [11.45–11.80]; 3.05 [3.03]) and typhoid (11.02 [10.66–11.39]; 3.00 [2.96]). Pancreas and bile duct injury were associated with COVID‐19 mRNA (1.99 [1.89–2.09]; 0.90 [0.83]), MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella), and papillomavirus vaccines. For intra‐abdominal hemorrhage, inactivated whole‐virus COVID‐19 vaccines (3.93 [1.86–8.27]; 1.71 [0.41]) had the highest association, followed by COVID‐19 mRNA (1.81 [1.42–2.29]; 0.77 [0.39]). Most of these ADRs had a short time to onset, within 1 day, and low mortality rate. Through a global scale database, the majority of ADRs occurred within 1 day, emphasizing the importance of healthcare workers' vigilant monitoring and timely management.
Hybrid Cartesian/unstructured numerical method for efficient evaluation of scattered fields: Application to buried object detection from airborne platforms
Authors: Mazzolo Lisa‐Marie , Ferrieres Xavier
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on the study and development of an efficient numerical method designed to simulate the radar cross section (RCS) of objects buried in lossy ground and illuminated by a plane wave. The primary objective aligns with the overarching challenge of detecting buried targets in the ground using an airborne radar system. In this scenario, a source antenna illuminates a considered 3D domain, and sensors receive the scattered field from the targets. To enable accurate and efficient simulations, the proposed tool utilizes a Cartesian/unstructured mesh and employs hybrid method that combines two finite volume solvers. In the contents of the paper, we first present a strategy for obtaining Cartesian/unstructured meshes. Subsequently, we study the hybridization of two specific finite volume schemes. Additionaly, a ground and a Near‐ to Far‐field model are introduced for buried targets. To validate and showcase the advantages of our hybrid approach, practical examples are presented. Finally, the strategy designed for handling meshes composed of multiple Cartesian and unstructured zones is detailed.
The evolution of tumor enucleation partial nephrectomy: A comparison of perioperative outcomes for sutureless hemostatic bandage as an alternative to standard renorrhaphy
Authors: Rac Goran , Ellis Jeffrey L. , Lanzotti Nicholas J. , McCormick Mallory E. , Felice Michael D. , Janakiraman Sarang , Desai Shalin , Halgrimson Whitney , Patel Hiten D. , Gupta Gopal N.
Published: July 2024

Background

The standard approach to hemostasis during partial nephrectomy (PN) is to perform suture renorrhaphy (SR). Application of a hemostatic bandage (HB) is an alternative to minimize blood loss and devitalized renal parenchyma. We aim to evaluate perioperative outcomes of PN with tumor enucleation (TE) comparing SR to HB.

Methods

We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 195 patients undergoing robot‐assisted laparoscopic PN with TE performed at a tertiary referral center (2012–2022). Hemostasis was obtained with SR in 54 patients while 141 patients underwent application of HB consisting of Surgicel®, Gelfoam® soaked in thrombin, and Floseal®.

Results

SR patients had tumors of greater complexity by RENAL nephrometry score compared to HB patients (p < 0.001). Operative time (141 vs. 183 min, p < 0.001), warm ischemia time (11.6 vs. 24.2 min, p < 0.001), estimated blood loss (37 vs. 214 mL, p < 0.001), and length of stay (1.2 vs. 1.8 days, p < 0.001) favored HB. There was no significant difference in Clavien–Dindo grade ≥3 complications (p = 0.22). Renal function was comparable with mean estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease of 0.66 and 0.54 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 3 months postoperatively for HB and SR, respectively (p = 0.93).

Conclusions

Application of an HB is a safe alternative to SR for hemostasis following PN with TE in appropriately selected patients.