bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining mechanical features of modulated epithelial monolayers using subnuclear particle tracking
Authors: Armiger Travis J. , Lampi Marsha C. , Reinhart-King Cynthia A. , Dahl Kris Noel
Published: May 2018

Force generation within cells, mediated by motor proteins along cytoskeletal networks, maintains the function of multicellular structures during homeostasis and when generating collective forces. Here, we describe the use of chromatin dynamics to detect cellular force propagation [a technique termed SINK (sensors from intranuclear kinetics)] and investigate the force response of cells to disruption of the monolayer and changes in substrate stiffness. We find that chromatin dynamics change in a substrate stiffness-dependent manner within epithelial monolayers. We also investigate point defects within monolayers to map the impact on the strain field of a heterogeneous monolayer. We find that cell monolayers behave as a colloidal assembly rather than as a continuum since the data fit an exponential decay; the lateral characteristic length of recovery from the mechanical defect is ∼50 µm for cells with a 10 µm spacing. At distances greater than this characteristic length, cells behave similarly to those in a fully intact monolayer. This work demonstrates the power of SINK to investigate diseases including cancer and atherosclerosis that result from single cells or heterogeneities in monolayers.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Developmental phenotypic plasticity helps bridge stochastic weather events associated with climate change
Authors: Burggren Warren
Published: May 2018

The slow, inexorable rise in annual average global temperatures and acidification of the oceans are often advanced as consequences of global change. However, many environmental changes, especially those involving weather (as opposed to climate), are often stochastic, variable and extreme, particularly in temperate terrestrial or freshwater habitats. Moreover, few studies of animal and plant phenotypic plasticity employ realistic (i.e. short-term, stochastic) environmental change in their protocols. Here, I posit that the frequently abrupt environmental changes (days, weeks, months) accompanying much longer-term general climate change (e.g. global warming over decades or centuries) require consideration of the true nature of environmental change (as opposed to statistical means) coupled with an expansion of focus to consider developmental phenotypic plasticity. Such plasticity can be in multiple forms – obligatory/facultative, beneficial/deleterious – depending upon the degree and rate of environmental variability at specific points in organismal development. Essentially, adult phenotypic plasticity, as important as it is, will be irrelevant if developing offspring lack sufficient plasticity to create modified phenotypes necessary for survival.
High resting metabolic rates with low thermal dependence induce active dives in overwintering Pacific juvenile loggerhead turtles
Authors: Kinoshita Chihiro , Fukuoka Takuya , Niizuma Yasuaki , Narazaki Tomoko , Sato Katsufumi
Published: May 2018

The metabolic rate and activity of sea turtles generally decreases with decreasing seasonal ambient temperature. Juvenile loggerhead turtles in the Mediterranean Sea made prolonged inactive dives (>400 min), indicating a state of dormancy during the cold winter period. However, seasonal differences in dive duration were not detected in juvenile loggerheads in the western North Pacific, even though the ambient water temperature changed by more than 10°C. Thus, metabolic states might differ among populations, explaining differences in the diving behaviour of juveniles during winter. Here, we test the hypothesis that the active overwintering behaviour of juvenile loggerheads in the western North Pacific is driven by a high resting metabolic rate (RMR) with low thermal dependence. The RMR of juveniles in the western North Pacific (N=13) was 1.4 to 5.7 times higher (Q10=1.8) than that of juveniles in the Mediterranean Sea (Q10=5.4). To validate the high RMR values in the western North Pacific, the difference between core body temperature and ambient water temperature (ΔTb) was estimated from measured RMR and was compared with measured ΔTb. The measured and estimated ΔTb matched each other. In addition, most of the dives conducted by the turtles in the western North Pacific were within the calculated aerobic dive limit (cADL) expected from the measured metabolic rate. Our results indicate that high RMR with low thermal dependence induces active diving during the overwintering periods of juvenile loggerheads in the western North Pacific, supporting the suggestion that metabolic states differ among populations.
Intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties in the serum of two species of deep-diving seal
Authors: Bagchi Aranya , Batten Annabelle J. , Levin Milton , Allen Kaitlin N. , Fitzgerald Michael L. , Hückstädt Luis A. , Costa Daniel P. , Buys Emmanuel S. , Hindle Allyson G.
Published: May 2018

Weddell and elephant seals are deep diving mammals, which rely on lung collapse to limit nitrogen absorption and prevent decompression injury. Repeated collapse and re-expansion exposes the lungs to multiple stressors, including ischemia/reperfusion, alveolar shear stress, and inflammation. There is no evidence, however, that diving damages pulmonary function in these species. To investigate potential protective strategies in deep-diving seals, we examined the inflammatory response of seal whole blood exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent endotoxin. IL6 cytokine production elicited by LPS exposure was 50-500× lower in blood of healthy northern elephant seals and Weddell seals compared to that of healthy human blood. In contrast to the ∼6× increased production of IL6 protein from LPS-exposed Weddell seal whole blood, isolated Weddell seal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, under standard cell culture conditions using media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS), produced a robust LPS response (∼300×). Induction of Il6 mRNA expression as well as production of IL6, IL8, IL10, KC-like and TNFα were reduced by substituting FBS with an equivalent amount of autologous seal serum. Weddell seal serum (WSS) also attenuated the inflammatory response of RAW 267.4 mouse macrophage cells exposed to LPS. Cortisol level and the addition of serum lipids did not impact the cytokine response in cultured cells. These data suggest that seal serum possesses anti-inflammatory properties, which may protect deep divers from naturally occurring inflammatory challenges such as dive-induced hypoxia-reoxygenation and lung collapse.
Maternally derived yolk antioxidants buffer the developing avian embryo against oxidative stress induced by hyperoxia
Authors: Watson Hannah , Salmón Pablo , Isaksson Caroline
Published: May 2018

In oviparous animals, maternally transferred antioxidants protect the embryo from oxidative damage from high rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production incurred by rapid growth. Elevated ROS exposure – beyond that incurred by normal growth - can occur as a result of exposure to exogenous factors (e.g. pollutants, toxins, radiation), increasing the risk of oxidative damage, with potentially adverse consequences for embryonic development and long-term fitness. The capacity of the avian embryo's antioxidant protection system to counter an increased exogenous oxidative threat is poorly understood. We induced an external oxidative challenge via experimental increase in ambient oxygen concentration throughout incubation of wild great tit Parus major eggs in the laboratory. At day 11 of incubation, brain tissue revealed no consistent differences in oxidative stress status – as measured by antioxidant levels (superoxide dismutase and total glutathione), lipid peroxidation and telomere length - between control (21% oxygen) and hyperoxic (40% oxygen) embryos. However, the level of vitamin E was significantly lower and lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in yolks of eggs reared under elevated oxygen concentrations. The results suggest that maternally derived yolk antioxidants successfully buffer developing embryonic tissues against an increased exogenous oxidative threat. Furthermore, vitamin E plays a more important role in protecting the embryo than carotenoids. However, the depletion of antioxidants and increased peroxidation of lipids in the yolk could have negative consequences for embryonic development – in particular for the brain and heart that require highly unsaturated fatty acids - and protection against the oxidative burst following hatching.
Modelling the influence of treatment time on the biological effectiveness of single radiosurgery treatments: derivation of “protective” dose modification factors
Authors: Jones Bleddyn , Hopewell John W
Published: May 2018

Objective:

To provide simpler models for adjusting total dose to compensate for significant variations in central nervous system radiosurgical treatment times, which vary and will influence treatment bioeffectiveness. At present, no allowance is made for time variations. A framework of simpler equations would allow radiosurgical outcomes to be analysed with respect to treatment time, and a system for dose adjustments between radioisotope and linac-based techniques with different treatment durations.

Methods:

The standard biological effective dose (BED) equations for fractionated and protracted radiations have been combined, using biexponential DNA repair kinetics, to provide the following equation:

B E D = x . n d ( 1 + ( n d k − d k ) f ( μ 1 T ) + d k f ( μ 1 t ) ) + ( 1 − x ) .   n d ( 1 + ( n d k − d k ) f ( μ 2 T ) + d k f ( μ 2 t ) )

for “n” isocentres (or subfractions), each treated to a variable dose “d” in time “t”, the overall time-being, T, µ1, µ2, are fast and slow repair rate coefficients, with partition factors of x and (1–x), respectively and k is the alpha/beta ratio, with f(μT) being the function that summates sublethal damage repair. Thus, repair during the period of irradiation and in the time interval between each isocentre can be taken into account. Simpler monoexponential and linear models are also used.

Results:

The results obtained using simpler models are compared with those obtained using more complex retrospective Gamma Knife BED treatment planning by Millar et al. (2015) in a group of 23 patients on a 13 Gy physical isodose surface. The above equation provides a BED value around 3% above their minimum values, 4% below their average value and 10% below their maximum BED values. Changes in isocentre numbers used, due to treatment plan complexity, can influence total treatment time, producing variations in the BED-time data: instead of a unique curve for each “n” value, in aggregate form the data (ranging from around 20 to 140 min treatment times) can be fitted by monoexponential time functions and further approximated to a linear function for more rapid estimations. Worked examples show how dose can then be tailored to the expected treatment times in order to obtain isoeffective treatments for central nervous system tissues.

Conclusion:

The models allow better analysis of radiosurgical treatment time data and guidance to the choice of dose to match the overall time. Although this study is based on Gamma Knife treatments, in principle the methods will also apply to any radiosurgical technique, so that dose–time compensations can be made between differing techniques.

Advances in knowledge:

The new BED equation-based framework is relevant to analyse and optimise radiosurgical treatments.
Feature determination from powered wheelchair user joystick input characteristics for adapting driving assistance
Authors: Gillham Michael , Pepper Matthew , Kelly Steve , Howells Gareth
Published: May 2018

Background: Many powered wheelchair users find their medical condition and their ability to drive the wheelchair will change over time. In order to maintain their independent mobility, the powered chair will require adjustment over time to suit the user's needs, thus regular input from healthcare professionals is required. These limited resources can result in the user having to wait weeks for appointments, resulting in the user losing independent mobility, consequently affecting their quality of life and that of their family and carers. In order to provide an adaptive assistive driving system, a range of features need to be identified which are suitable for initial system setup and can automatically provide data for re-calibration over the long term.

Methods: A questionnaire was designed to collect information from powered wheelchair users with regard to their symptoms and how they changed over time. Another group of volunteer participants were asked to drive a test platform and complete a course which represented manoeuvring in a very confined space as quickly as possible. Two of those participants were also monitored over a longer period in their normal home daily environment. Features, thought to be suitable, were examined using pattern recognition classifiers to determine their suitability for identifying the changing user input over time.

Results: The results are not designed to provide absolute insight into the individual user behaviour, as no ground truth of their ability has been determined, they do nevertheless demonstrate the utility of the measured features to provide evidence of the users’ changing ability over time whilst driving a powered wheelchair.

Conclusions: Determining the driving features and adjustable elements provides the initial step towards developing an adaptable assistive technology for the user when the ground truths of the individual and their machine have been learned by a smart pattern recognition system.
Improving Service Management for Federated Resources to Support Virtual Research Environments
Authors: Mishev Anastas , Filiposka Sonja , Prnjat Ognjen , Liabotis Ioannis
Published: May 2018

Virtual research environments provide an easy access to e-Infrastructures for researchers by creating an abstracted service-oriented layer on top of the available resources. Using the portal, researchers can focus on the research workflow and data analysis while being provided with a consolidated unified view of all tools necessary for their activities. The sustainable lifecycle of a virtual research environment can only be achieved if it is going to be used with high quality of experience by a large body of users. Aiming for this goal, in this paper we analyse the requirements and implementation of a cross-community virtual research environment that brings together researchers from three different domains. Promoting interdisciplinary research and cooperation, the federated virtual research environment is based on the service orientation paradigm, offering anything as a service solutions. Thus, the main pillar for a successful implementation of this solution is the careful design and management of the underlying elementary services and service compositions. The rest of the paper discusses the challenges of the service management implementation focusing on interoperability by design and service management standards.
Purtcher’s Like Retinopathy in a Patient with Malignant Hypertension
Authors: Raman S. V.
Published: May 2018

Malignant arterial hypertension is a serious cardiovascular disorder with fatal consequences if untreated. Ocular morbidity includes severe visual impairment and even blindness. A case of malignant hypertension is reported, which had features of purtcher’s retinopathy. The Keith Wagner Barker classification is used to describe the severity of hypertensive retinopathy changes in the retina. This classification may be inadequate in the context of malignant hypertension where the systemic hypertension is due to a secondary cause.
Irakurtzeko gaitasuna Haur Hezkuntzan. Teoriatik praktikara.
Authors: Romero-Andonegi Ainara , Tejada Garitano Eneko , Garay  Ruiz Urtza
Published: May 2018

Irakurtzeko gaitasuna testu idatziak deskodetzea, ulertzea, erabiltzea, haietaz gogoeta egitea eta haiekin konprometitzea suposatzen du. Hori ez da irakurketa sistemaren ikaskuntza formalarekin hasten, haurtzaroan ipuin baten kontaketarekin hasten eta garatzen da. Artikulu honetan Haur Hezkuntzan irakurtzeko gaitasuna garatzeko landu behar diren abilezien, prozesuen eta jarreren azterketa teorikoa egiten da ikuspegi soziokultural eta psikolinguistikotik. Horrela, irakurketa egintza sozialean bilakatzeko estrategiak analizatzen dira eta irakurketaren iragarleak edo eragileak diren abilezia psikolinguistikoak zehazten dira. Ondoren, bi ikuspegi teorikoen ekarpenak oinarri hartuta, esperientzia baikorrak sustatzeko eta irakurketaren gaineko interesa pizteko proposamenak bideratzen dira eta irakurketaren arrakastarekin erlazionatzen diren abilezia aitzindariak garatzeko jarduerak proposatzen dira.
Effect of Humic Acid on the Degradation of Methylene Blue by Peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Pang Ya , Tong Zhao-hui , Tang Lin , Liu Ya-ni , Luo Kun
Published: May 2018

Methylene blue dye has been widely used in many industries and usually released in natural water sources, which become a health thereat to human-beings and microbes. This paper demonstrates an oxidation method to remove methylene blue in water. The effect of natural organic matter humic acid, on the degradation of methylene blue using PMS was investigated. The results show that PMS could effectively degrade 50 mg/L methylene blue (>95%) when the PMS concentration was larger than 1.0 mM. Humic acid had either negative or positive impact on the degradation processes because of the co-existence of several competitive degradation mechanisms (I: humic acid competes with methylene blue for PMS; II: humic acid activates PMS to produce sulfate radicals; III: Cl–1 competes with methylene blue for sulfate radicals). This study is expected to provide valuable information to improve in situ remediation of dye-contaminated wastewater in the existence of natural organic matters.
Late-onset pubic-phallic idiopathic edema in premature recovering infants
Authors: Bengtsson Bengt-Ola S. , van Houten John P.
Published: May 2018

Objective

Several cases of isolated localized edema of the genital area in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants within the last 5 years prompted a search for possible explanations and a search of the literature.

Study design

A retrospective chart review of all cases of localized genital area edema in our 16-bed community level-3 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between January 2007 and December 2017.

Results

A total of six patients with localized edema of the genital area were found. Among the six cases, five provided descriptions of time of onset. Only one case had a plausible etiology [inguinal hernia (IH)].

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this entity is not well described in the literature. Etiologies are speculative. Prolonged observation in the NICU by virtue of ELBW-status suggests that there are no detrimental effects, the condition does not appear to preclude discharge and cautious expectant management and reassurance are therefore in order.
Effects of Different Thermal Treatment Methods on Preparation and Physical Properties of High Amylose Maize Starch Based Films
Authors: Zhong Yuyue , Li Xu , Lan Tianru , Li Yibo , Liu Linsan , Qu Jianzhou , Zhang Renhe , Liang Wenxin , Xue Jiquan , Liu Xingxun , Guo Dongwei
Published: May 2018

Because of its biodegradable trait, starch has been widely used as the raw material for packaging. Effects of different thermal treatment methods (high temperature-high pressure heating (HH), microwave heating (MH) and alkali heating (AH) with and without glycerol on physical properties of high amylose maize starch films (HASFs) were investigated in this study. HASFs under HH had highest elongation at break (E%), and lowest tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity (EM) and opacity (OC). HASFs under MH had highest TS, water holding capacity (WHC) and OC, and lowest thickness (TN), E%, solubility in water (SW) and solubility in oil (SO), while HASFs under AH had highest TN, EM, SW and SO, and lowest WHC. Compared with water, plasticized HASFs with glycerol had higher TN，E%, WHC, SW and OC, and lower TS, EM and SO. XRD results revealed the V-type polymorph and the difference in intensity of diffraction peaks of HASFs under three methods. This study would be helpful to design and prepare HASFs.
Analysis of Free Space Optics Link Performance Considering the Effect of Different Weather Conditions and Modulation Formats for Terrestrial Communication
Authors: Kaur Sanmukh , Kakati Amayika
Published: May 2018

Free space optics (FSO) links provide an effectual and efficient way of transmission of data throughout free channels due to its higher bandwidth and inbuilt capability of security. In this research analysis, the FSO link is evaluated on the basis of Q value for different modulation formats and weather conditions. Gamma–Gamma and log-normal scintillation models have been analyzed for different index of refraction in terms of Q factor versus a range of a proposed FSO link. Attenuation increases during the occurrence of different fog conditions, and there might be complete link failure in the case of dense fog and for some of the cloud conditions.
Serum CA72-4 as a biomarker in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yanqing Han , Cheng Dong , Ling Xu
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the serum CA72-4 as a biomarker in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer by pooling the open published data. Methods. An electronic search of databases Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Embase CBM, and CNKI were performed by two reviewers (Han Yanqing, Dong Cheng) independently to identify the studies relevant to serum CA72-4 as a biomarker in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The patient number of true positive(tp), false positive(fp), false negative(fn) and true negative(tn) were extracted from each included study. The diagnostic performance of serum CA72-4 as a biomarker in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was assessed by pooled sensitivity, specificity and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve (HSROC). All the data was pooled by MetaDiSc 1.4 and Stata/SE 11.0 statistical software. Results A total of 22 studies with 2474 colorectal patients and 1576 controls were included in the present study and meta-analysis. The combined diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.50 (95%CI:0.48-0.52) and 0.86 (95%CI:0.84-0.88) for serum CA72-4 as a biomarker in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The pooled positive and negative likelihood ratio were 3.41(95%CI:2.57-4.53) and 0.62(0.55-0.71). The pooled area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.73. Deeks’funnel plot and Egger’s line regression test (p=0.49) showed no significant publication bias in the present meta-analysis. Conclusion Due toits low diagnostic sensitivity, the diagnostic performance of serum CA72-4 as a biomarker for colorectal cancer screening is limited.
Vibrationsbasierende White-Etching-Cracks-Detektion an Wälzlagern
Authors: Cao Xiaodong , Tarigan Bramila , Rembe Christian , Schwarze Hubert
Published: May 2018

White-Etching-Cracks (WECs) und White-Etching-Areas (WEAs) sind Schadensbilder, die oftmals in Wälzlagern (z. B. in Windenergieanlagen) auftreten (siehe Abb. 1). Es fehlt bisher eine Möglichkeit, WECs und WEAs in Wälzlagern frühzeitig zu detektieren, d. h. möglichst lange bevor die Oberflächenschädigung auftritt. In diesem Beitrag wird das Schwingungsverhalten des Innenrings eines Wälzlagers (Abb. 2) im beschädigten Zustand (mit WEAs und WECs) und im Neuzustand miteinander verglichen, um eine erste Aussage über das Potenzial der vibrationsbasierenden Messmethode zur Detektion der Ausbildung von WECs und WEAs zu treffen. Der Innenring wird mit einem Shaker breitbandig angeregt. Mit Hilfe eines eigenentwickelten robotergesteuerten Vibrometer-Messsystems werden die Oberflächenschwingungen beider Lagerzustände erfasst und miteinander verglichen. Für den Vergleich wird das Cross-Signature-Assurance-Criterion (CSAC) als Kriterium verwendet. Es wird gezeigt, dass mit Hilfe des CSAC-Wertes eine Detektion von WECs und WEAs in Wälzlagern möglich ist. Um die Einsatzbarkeit des CSAC in einem Prüfstand zu evaluieren, werden weitere Messungen mit dem Multipoint Vibrometer an einem transportablen Prüfstand durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich Veränderungen der Schwingungseigenschaften mit Hilfe der CSAC-Methode auch während des Betriebs unter dem Einfluss von Störungen erkennen lassen.
Updating the Skating Multistage Aerobic Test and Correction for V̇o 2max Prediction Using a New Skating Economy Index in Elite Youth Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Allisse Maxime , Bui Hung Tien , Léger Luc , Comtois Alain-Steve , Leone Mario
Published: May 2018

Allisse, M, Bui, HT, Léger, L, Comtois, A-S, and Leone, M. Updating the skating multistage aerobic test and correction for V̇o
2max prediction using a new skating economy index in elite youth ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3182–3189, 2020—A number of field tests, including the skating multistage aerobic test (SMAT), have been developed to predict V̇o
2max in ice hockey players. The SMAT, like most field tests, assumes that participants who reach a given stage have the same oxygen uptake, which is not usually true. Thus, the objectives of this research are to update the V̇o
2 values during the SMAT using a portable breath-by-breath metabolic analyzer and to propose a simple index of skating economy to improve the prediction of oxygen uptake. Twenty-six elite hockey players (age 15.8 ± 1.3 years) participated in this study. The oxygen uptake was assessed using a portable metabolic analyzer (K4b2) during an on-ice maximal shuttle skate test. To develop an index of skating economy called the skating stride index (SSI), the number of skating strides was compiled for each stage of the test. The SMAT enabled the prediction of the V̇o
2max (ml·kg−1·min−1) from the maximal velocity (m·s−1) and the SSI (skating strides·kg−1) using the following regression equation: V̇o
2max = (14.94 × maximal velocity) + (3.68 × SSI) − 24.98 (r = 0.95, SEE = 1.92). This research allowed for the update of the oxygen uptake values of the SMAT and proposed a simple measure of skating efficiency for a more accurate evaluation of V̇o
2max in elite youth hockey players. By comparing the highest and lowest observed SSI scores in our sample, it was noted that the V̇o
2 values can vary by up to 5 ml·kg−1·min−1. Our results suggest that skating economy should be included in the prediction of V̇o
2max to improve prediction accuracy.
Effect of Sand on Knee Load During a Single-Leg Jump Task: Implications for Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Programs
Authors: Richardson Mark C. , Murphy Sinead , Macpherson Tom , English Bryan , Spears Iain , Chesterton Paul
Published: May 2018

Richardson, MC, Murphy, S, Macpherson, T, English, B, Spears, I, and Chesterton, P. Effect of sand on knee load during a single-leg jump task: implications for injury prevention and rehabilitation programs. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3164–3172, 2020—The purpose of the study was to determine potential differences in landing strategies and subsequent joint loads at the knee (knee abduction moment [KAM], anterior-posterior [AP] tibial translation, and total knee shear force) when jumping onto sand and firm ground from both a level surface and a 30-cm height. Firm ground would act as the control for the study. Seventeen subjects (age: 23.6 ± 3.7 years; body mass: 67.7 ± 10.3 kg; height: 168.5 ± 7.4 cm) performed 3 single-leg jumps on their dominant leg for each of the 4 conditions tested (ground level, sand level, ground height, and sand height). A repeated-measures design investigated the effect of sand on KAM, AP tibial translation, and total knee shear force. Data were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences and presented as percentage change with 90% confidence limits. Results indicated that sand had a clear beneficial effect on KAM, which was possibly moderate during a drop jump (30 cm) and possibly small from a level jump. Sand also had a possibly moderate beneficial effect on AP tibial translation from a level jump. The effect of sand on total knee shear force was unclear. These results suggest that sand may provide a safer alternative to firm ground when performing jump tasks commonly used in anterior cruciate ligament and patellofemoral joint injury prevention and rehabilitation programs. Sand may also allow for an accelerated rehabilitation program because jumping activities could potentially be implemented more safely at an earlier stage in the process.
Small-Scale Pullout Test of a Geogrid-Reinforced Unsaturated Soil with Suction Monitoring
Authors: Portelinha Fernando H. M. , Pereira Vinicius R. G. , Correia Natalia S.
Published: May 2018

The use of local fine-grained soils in geosynthetic-reinforced structures can significantly reduce costs when granular materials are difficult to access. Another beneficial aspect of these soils is that enhanced mechanical behavior is expected with fine-grained soils under unsaturated conditions. With structures built in unsaturated conditions, stability analyses based on unsaturated soil mechanics would properly characterize and accurately predict the structural behavior with fine-grained soils. Accordingly, the interface shear strength between fine-grained soils and geosynthetics should also be assessed by unsaturated pullout or direct shear testing. In this article, the effect of matric suction on the pullout behavior of a polyester geogrid embedded in a fine-grained soil was evaluated using a small-scale testing apparatus. A miniature tensiometer located in the proximity of the soil-geogrid interface enabled monitoring of the matric suction of soil during pullout to evaluate its effect on the interface shear strength. A design approach for prediction of unsaturated interface strength is also assessed in this study. Three typical values of matric suction were identified during pullout: initial, peak, and residual. In the case of interfaces under water inundation, the pore water pressures developed and increased with the increase of overburden pressures. For drier interfaces, matric suction increases with increases of overburden pressure. Significant reductions (60 %) in peak pullout forces were observed for minor increases in soil moisture contents. Analyses using the moisture reduction factor indicated up to a 70 % loss of soil-geogrid interface shear strength as a result of wetting. The increase in unsaturated soil-geogrid interface strength due to the reduction of moisture content was attributed more to adhesion than to friction for the fine-grained soil used in this research. The analytical approach proposed in this study to predict the pullout strength of unsaturated interfaces has been demonstrated to be quite consistent with the actual strength values assessed from the small-scale pullout tests, primarily for higher values of overburden pressures. Matric suction values obtained from the soil-water retention curve were shown to be reliable parameters for use in the proposed analytical approach for prediction of the pullout strength of unsaturated soil-geosynthetic interfaces.
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation
Authors: Gaudel A. , Cooper O. R. , Ancellet G. , Barret B. , Boynard A. , Burrows J. P. , Clerbaux C. , Coheur P.-F. , Cuesta J. , Cuevas E. , Doniki S. , Dufour G. , Ebojie F. , Foret G. , Garcia O. , Granados-Muñoz M. J. , Hannigan J. W. , Hase F. , Hassler B. , Huang G. , Hurtmans D. , Jaffe D. , Jones N. , Kalabokas P. , Kerridge B. , Kulawik S. , Latter B. , Leblanc T. , Le Flochmoën E. , Lin W. , Liu J. , Liu X. , Mahieu E. , McClure-Begley A. , Neu J. L. , Osman M. , Palm M. , Petetin H. , Petropavlovskikh I. , Querel R. , Rahpoe N. , Rozanov A. , Schultz M. G. , Schwab J. , Siddans R. , Smale D. , Steinbacher M. , Tanimoto H. , Tarasick D. W. , Thouret V. , Thompson A. M. , Trickl T. , Weatherhead E. , Wespes C. , Worden H. M. , Vigouroux C. , Xu X. , Zeng G. , Ziemke J.
Published: May 2018

The Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is an activity of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project. This paper is a component of the report, focusing on the present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation. Utilizing the TOAR surface ozone database, several figures present the global distribution and trends of daytime average ozone at 2702 non-urban monitoring sites, highlighting the regions and seasons of the world with the greatest ozone levels. Similarly, ozonesonde and commercial aircraft observations reveal ozone’s distribution throughout the depth of the free troposphere. Long-term surface observations are limited in their global spatial coverage, but data from remote locations indicate that ozone in the 21st century is greater than during the 1970s and 1980s. While some remote sites and many sites in the heavily polluted regions of East Asia show ozone increases since 2000, many others show decreases and there is no clear global pattern for surface ozone changes since 2000. Two new satellite products provide detailed views of ozone in the lower troposphere across East Asia and Europe, revealing the full spatial extent of the spring and summer ozone enhancements across eastern China that cannot be assessed from limited surface observations. Sufficient data are now available (ozonesondes, satellite, aircraft) across the tropics from South America eastwards to the western Pacific Ocean, to indicate a likely tropospheric column ozone increase since the 1990s. The 2014–2016 mean tropospheric ozone burden (TOB) between 60°N–60°S from five satellite products is 300 Tg ± 4%. While this agreement is excellent, the products differ in their quantification of TOB trends and further work is required to reconcile the differences. Satellites can now estimate ozone’s global long-wave radiative effect, but evaluation is difficult due to limited in situ observations where the radiative effect is greatest.
Long-term exposure to very low doses of bisphenol S affects female reproduction
Authors: Nevoral Jan , Kolinko Yaroslav , Moravec Jiří , Žalmanová Tereza , Hošková Kristýna , Prokešová Šárka , Klein Pavel , Ghaibour Kamar , Hošek Petr , Štiavnická Miriama , Řimnáčová Hedvika , Tonar Zbyněk , Petr Jaroslav , Králíčková Milena
Published: May 2018

Bisphenols belong to the endocrine disruptors, affecting reproduction even in extremely low doses. Bisphenol S (BPS) has become widely used as a substitute for the earlier-used bisphenol A; however, its harmlessness is questionable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of BPS on folliculogenesis and oocyte quality afterin vivoexposure to low doses of BPS. Four-week-old ICR females (n = 16 in each experimental group) were exposed to vehicle control (VC), BPS1 (0.001 ng BPS.g/bw/day), BPS2 (0.1 ng.g/bw/day), BPS3 (10 ng.g/bw/day) and BPS4 (100 ng.g/bw/day) for 4 weeks. Ovaries were subjected to stereology and nano liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Simultaneously, metaphase II oocytes were obtained after pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin and human chorionic gonadotrophin administration, followed by immunostaining. In particular, mating and two-cell embryo flushing were performed. We observed that BPS decreases the amount of ovarian follicles and BPS2 (0.1 ng.g/bw/day) affects the volume of antral follicles. Accordingly, ovarian proteome is affected after BPS2 treatment. While BPS2 dosing results mainly in cytoskeletal damage in matured oocytes, the effects of BPS3 and BPS4 seem to be due instead to epigenetic alterations in oocytes. Arguably, these changes lead to observed affection ofin vivofertilization rate after BPS3 and BPS4 treatment. BPS significantly affects female reproduction astoundingly in extremely low doses. These findings underline the necessity to assess the risk of ongoing BPS exposure for public health.
Lucha por justicia espacial en el Pacífico colombiano. La Isla de Cascajal en Buenaventura
Authors: Gutiérrez Gutiérrez Angie Lizeth
Published: May 2018

El presente escrito tiene por objeto analizar desde el enfoque de la justicia espacial los efectos territoriales del neoliberalismo aplicado en la Isla de Cascajal, zona insular del Distrito Especial, Industrial, Portuario, Biodiverso y Ecoturístico de Buenaventura, en donde las comunidades afrodescendientes han intensificado los procesos de resistencia social ante las apuestas de renovación urbana adelantadas por la administración distrital a favor del capital trasnacional sobre los terrenos ganados al mar.
Efectos no esperados del proceso de gentrificación. Barrio La Floresta (Quito)
Authors: Cevallos Aráuz Andrea
Published: May 2018

El artículo pretende realizar un primer acercamiento a las limitaciones y posibilidades del proceso de gentrificación en el barrio La Floresta (Quito) abarcando tres dimensiones: el cambio poblacional, las mutaciones en los usos del suelo, y la inserción de nuevas economías alternativas. Inicialmente se hace una breve caracterización de los procesos de gentrificación en la ciudad de Quito identificando sus particularidades. Luego se identifican las transformaciones que ha experimentado La Floresta en los últimos años en términos de su composición social. A continuación se enfatiza en los cambios de usos del suelo derivados de la planificación urbana y la inversión inmobiliaria. Finalmente, se exploran las dinámicas de inserción de clases creativas y nuevas economías en el barrio cuya incidencia se manifiesta en cambios de su estructura económica. Se concluye que a partir de esta nueva clase y economías, los grupos de bajos recursos experimentan nuevos procesos de inserción en el mercado laboral, logrando percibir un proceso no de desplazamiento sino, más bien, de hibridación social, el cual permite la renovación y reactivación de su portafolio de activos.
Señales de gentrificación a través de la Inteligencia Artificial: identificación mediante el censo de vivienda
Authors: Abarca-Alvarez Francisco Javier , Campos-Sánchez Francisco Sergio , Reinoso-Bellido Rafael
Published: May 2018

La gentrificación no siempre es detectada por la sociedad, la política y la planificación a tiempo de interpretar sus dinámicas y de llevar a cabo intervenciones que mitiguen sus efectos adversos. Sus implicaciones son tan importantes en la fisionomía social de las ciudades, que será relevante toda herramienta que permita pronosticar o evidenciar cualquier tipo de señal de la gentrificación. La investigación trata de evaluar la viabilidad de la detección de ámbitos vinculados a procesos de gentrificación, incipientes o asentados, mediante el uso de fuentes de información comunes en las ciudades, como son los censos de viviendas. Para ello se propone el uso de metodologías de extracción de información basadas en técnicas de minería de datos procedentes de las ciencias de la Inteligencia Artificial. La metodología se evalúa experimentalmente en un territorio complejo y extenso, la costa mediterránea peninsular española. Los resultados permiten identificar un perfil urbano que incluye todas las barriadas a las que el estado del arte atribuye gentrificación, resultando la proporción de viviendas en alquiler determinante. Se concluye que la metodología propuesta es útil para evidenciar territorios con señales similares a los entornos urbanos con gentrificación, permitiendo la detección temprana de procesos semejantes en otros ámbitos.
La Arquitectura como Dispositivo de Regeneración Urbana: 20 años del Museo Guggenheim Bilbao
Authors: Lange Valdés Carlos
Published: May 2018

El Museo Guggenheim Bilbao, obra del arquitecto Frank O. Gehry, constituye una de las obras de arquitectura más emblemática del reciente cambio de siglo. A 20 años de su inauguración, este artículo explora su relevancia como dispositivo de transformación territorial en la conformación de una nueva centralidad cultural urbana.Particularmente en el caso del Guggenheim Bilbao, la arquitectura constituye un dispositivo que promueve la producción de nuevas formas de «urbanidad» a través de prácticas sociales urbanas que conjugan características estratégicas y tácticas.
El affair Lamborghini: La circulación de Osvaldo Lamborghini en la revista Babel (1988-1991)
Authors: Conde de Boeck José Agustín
Published: May 2018

Osvaldo Lamborghini fue uno de los autores clave en la construcción del canon literario argentino entre los años sesenta y ochenta. Autor de una obra atípica y de fuertes simbolismos sexuales y políticos, su influencia resultó cardinal para las generaciones posteriores, las cuales identificaron la transgresión de su estética con la posibilidad de una literatura alternativa a la “alta cultura” del paradigma borgeano. A fines de los años ochenta, la revista Babel, compuesta por jóvenes autores emergentes de aquel momento, percibió en la obra de Lamborghini un emblema para las propias propuestas de la revista, donde se debatía fuertemente el viraje de una literatura “moderna” hacia una literatura “posmoderna”. Con relación a los conceptos de “canon” y “posmodernidad”, estudiaremos en estas páginas los modos en que la revista Babel, órgano fundamental de la prensa literaria de posdictadura, se apropió de la figura de Osvaldo Lamborghini para convertirla en el eje de debates y tensiones que circulaban en el campo literario argentino de aquel momento. Juzgamos que el análisis de la instancia de legitimación cultural que significó la relectura “babélica” de Lamborghini puede ofrecernos algunas claves acerca de cómo se fue construyendo el canon literario argentino de las últimas décadas.
¿Hallar la aguja en el alfiletero? Enseñar unidades fraseológicas a través de poesía moderna
Authors: Bernstein Nils
Published: May 2018

El lenguaje según Guillermo Cabrera Infante (Cabrera Infante, 1967, p. 221) es un bosque de palabras. De acuerdo con las ideas del mismo escritor cubano en su novela Tres tristes tigres: A veces usar una Unidad Fraseológica (UF) no es tan difícil como hallar una aguja en el pajar que son en comparación fáciles de hallar sino como hallar la aguja en el alfiletero. Corpas Pastor (2003, p. 109) destaca lacónicamente: “[L]a fraseología [...] está de moda”. Y se puede afirmar que sobre todo en la adquisición de segundas lenguas están de moda. Por lo tanto, en este artículo quisiera describir la importancia de estas unidades y mostrar una opción de implementar su enseñanza en la didáctica de lenguas extranjeras. En un primer paso, se brinda un breve resumen de las ventajas de la literatura en la clase de lengua extranjera. Después, se describen los desafíos de la fraseología para los alumnos. Posteriormente se darán ejemplos prácticos. Los autores con los que se va a trabajar son el poeta chileno Nicanor Parra (1914-2018) y el poeta experimental austriaco Ernst Jandl (1925-2000). Al final, a manera de conclusión, haré referencia a dos proyectos: el proyecto del óptimo fraseológico y el proyecto de los modismos más extendidos Widespread Idioms in Europe and Beyond.
Juventud civilizada y juventud barbara en los medios de comunicación
Authors: Kaplan Carina Viviana , Saez Virginia
Published: May 2018

Este trabajo interpreta las representaciones sociales sobre la juventud y su trama asociada al par civilización- barbarie El análisis del discurso se centra sobre las coberturas de situaciones de violencias en el espacio escolar de los diarios El Día, Hoy, Extra y Diagonales de la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina, del período 1993-2011. El enfoque metodológico es cualitativo y la interpretación de los datos se llevó a cabo mediante el análisis socioeducativo del discurso. Esta investigación amplía la base empírica con la que pensar y discutir las representaciones sobre los jóvenes en los medios de comunicación.
Redes de interdependência como médium decisivo do processo educativo
Authors: Moreira Benedito Dielcio , De Paula Deodato Rafel Libanio
Published: May 2018

Apresentamos neste artigo a concepção de Norbert Elias de que as pessoas mantêm umas com as outras relações de interdependência, mostram-se como indivíduos singulares, únicos, mas fazem parte de teias de relações em que, ao tempo que as constitui como os demais entrelaçados, delas se nutre, de um modo que nesta modernidade a individualidade se expande, avança para outros universos distantes e globalizados, porém sempre tecendo redes, instituindo novas interdependências. A partir da experiência de realização de vários projetos de pesquisa e intervenção em escolas públicas, com atividades na interface da Educação e Comunicação, foi possível identificar diferentes teias sendo tecidas, todavia todas elas de algum modo assombradas pela falta de algum tipo de reconhecimento, como mostrou Elias em suas obras, O Processo Civilizador, Os Alemães, Sociedade dos Indivíduos e Mozart. Neste texto, com o apoio do pensamento crítico de Axel Honneth, procuramos destacar a importância das ideias de Elias para uma reflexão contemporânea e crítica sobre o sistema escolar, neste incluído não apenas a comunidade escolar (secretarias de educação, professores, alunos e seus familiares) mas também toda a sociedade.
Deficiência múltipla e escolarização: processos, política e desafios
Authors: De Souza Fernandes Márcia Alessandra , Nunes Isabel Matos
Published: May 2018

Apresenta interseções entre duas pesquisas realizadas em São Mateus – norte do Estado do Espírito Santo, no que tange às políticas de Educação Especial no sistema municipal de ensino. Uma pesquisa problematiza a escolarização de alunos com múltiplas deficiências no contexto do município, enquanto a outra problematiza as ações do Conselho Municipal de Educação no que tange às políticas de educação especial. Ambas pesquisas tomam como base de sustentação teórica a sociologia figuracional, fundamentada nos pressupostos de Norbert Elias. Os dados apresentados foram produzidos por meio do estudo de caso do tipo etnográfico, tendo como foco a constituição da política municipal local, via Conselho Municipal de Educação e a escolarização de alunos com diagnóstico de deficiência múltipla no município de São Mateus-ES. A análise evidencia que a prática conselhista pouco servirá aos anseios de um sistema educacional, se o seu colegiado não conciliar duas dimensões inter-relacionadas e complementares: a dimensão política e a técnico-burocrática.
La formación universitaria: las transformaciones académicas de los estudiantes en una sociedad hostil
Authors: Barragan Diego Mauricio
Published: May 2018

El artículo explora las transformaciones académicas destacadas por los estudiantes durante su formación universitaria en una sociedad hostil. Se utilizó metodología cualitativa, tomando testimonios, observaciones y conversaciones donde los jóvenes establecen lo importante de su experiencia estudiantil. La indagación se centró en el proceso de formación, las competencias intelectuales, el esfuerzo individual y las relaciones de los estudiantes con los profesores. A pesar de las críticas constantes a la universidad, en especial a la universidad pública, participar del proceso de formación ofrece a los estudiantes una ventana al mundo distinta a quienes están fuera de la educación superior, que pueden ser grupos de origen o con quienes comparten su cotidianidad; su paso por la universidad se proponen como una alternativa que le ofrece a los estudiantes elementos para entender cómo desarrollar su formación, encontrarse a sí mismo e interpretar y actuar sobre los sucesos de su realidad inmediata.