bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os desafios socioambientais do campesinato no espaço rural do município de Brejo Grande/Sergipe/Brasil
Authors: Antão Jonas Emanuel da Rocha , Santos Núbia Dias dos , Barbosa Jonatas Ribeiro Marques Barbosa , Badiru Ajibola Isau Badiru
Published: June 2021

No nordeste do Brasil ainda persistem conflitos, desigualdade social e regional, envolvendo a reprodução camponesa impactada pelo modelo de desenvolvimento econômico e a atuação dos agentes do capital. Esse trabalho reporta a territorialização do campesinato e os desafios socioambientais ocasionados pela atuação dos empreendimentos capitalistas no munícipio de Brejo Grande/SE. A análise está baseada na revisão bibliográfica, a coleta de dados, pesquisa documental e atividade de campo. A carcinicultura é problemática pelo caráter imperativo do espaço produtivo contra a dinâmica da pesca artesanal. A rentabilidade da atividade pesqueira encontra-se sobre o domínio de agentes externos enquanto a reprodução social camponesa implica em insegurança e danos socioambientais. Sua expansão no território sugere o avanço da desterritorialização dos camponeses pescadores.
As correlações entre os modelos hegemônicos de desenvolvimento territorial e as políticas públicas direcionadas aos povos indígenas
Authors: Santos Junior Avelar Araujo
Published: June 2021

Das múltiplas escalas da política indigenista, podemos constatar que a luta organizada conduzida pelos povos indígenas no sentido da efetivação dos seus direitos territoriais se configura como principal meio de oposição às forças conjugadas do Estado e de seguimentos do setor privado, historicamente, os principais articuladores da progressiva concentração fundiária no Brasil. A partir dessa problematização o texto a seguir tem como propósito apresentar a síntese das nossas reflexões a respeito dos modelos hegemônicos de desenvolvimento territorial e as políticas públicas direcionados para os povos indígenas no Brasil. Por efeito, compreendemos que, independentemente de incorporarem demandas específicas ou de estarem inseridas em programas sociais universais, ao redor das políticas públicas gravitam questões prioritárias aos interesses dos povos indígenas, dos quais muitas são estratégicas não só para a sociedade brasileira, mas para toda a humanidade, tal como as de relevância étnico-cultural e ambiental.
Políticas de obtenção dos territórios dos assentamentos rurais em Minas Gerais
Authors: Coca Estevan Leopoldo de Freitas
Published: June 2021

A experiência de reforma agrária brasileira é uma das mais complexas do mundo. Ela combina políticas de obtenção de terras com potencial de desconcentração da estrutura fundiária, a exemplo das desapropriações, com outras que, apesar de importantes, não geram a desterritorialização do agronegócio, como é o caso da compra. Diversos trabalhos têm abordado essa realidade, porém, nenhum trata especificamente do estado de Minas Gerais, o qual dentre as unidades federativas brasileiras se destaca por concentrar uma das mais acentuadas conflitualidades no campo. Por isso, neste trabalho tomo como recorte o estado de Minas Gerais para discutir a diversidade de políticas de obtenção de terras na reforma agrária brasileira. Como procedimentos metodológicos realizei levantamentos bibliográficos e documentais, além de ter sistematizado dados sobre assentamentos rurais disponibilizados pelo Banco de Dados da Luta pela Terra (DATALUTA). Dentre os principais resultados, demonstro que a desapropriação é a política de obtenção mais utilizada em Minas Gerais, porém, ela coexiste com outras como o reconhecimento e a compra/doação.
A organização das quebradeiras de coco babaçu e sua produção do território
Authors: Montenegro Mayara Karla Silva , Rodrigues Sávio José Dias
Published: June 2021

Este artigo foi elaborado no intuito de estabelecer a compreensão acerca da importância da existência dos movimentos sociais do campo, especialmente aqueles que deram espaço para que quebradeiras de coco se unissem e se reconhecessem enquanto agentes de transformação de sua realidade. Produzindo seu território estritamente ligado à luta junto a grupos que fortaleceram o enfrentamento de conflitos desses camponeses muitas vezes marginalizados pela sociedade capitalista e assim contribuem para que se garanta a justiça social frente às adversidades impostas.

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Palavras-chave: Quebradeiras de coco babaçu. Território. Organização. PGPM. Maranhão.
“Do tempo do espalhamento (ñemosarambipa) ao tempo do direito
Authors: Mizusaki Márcia Yukari , De Souza José Gilberto
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho tem com propósito apontar elementos para a reflexão, compreensão e o diálogo sobre as lutas e r-existências dos movimentos indígenas Guarani e Kaiowá pela recuperação de seus territórios tradicionais no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. A análise se insere no contexto de expansão e consolidação das relações mercantis, onde confrontam-se, por meio de seus sujeitos sociais, o tempo-espaço do capital e o tempo-espaço cosmológico Guarani e Kaiowá. Busca-se considerar as categorias centrais presentes em cada uma dessas sociedades para então, buscar a compreensão de como elas se inter-relacionam. Tais estudos constituem-se de relevância na medida em apontam para estratégias de construção de novos caminhos, novos direitos, novas possibilidades de ser-estar no mundo e simultaneamente no âmbito gnosiológico demarcar a dimensão ontológica como fundamento concreto de entendimento destas relações.
Festa 13 de maio:
Authors: Santos Katiane da Silva , Da Silva Elias , Costa Kênia Gonçalves
Published: June 2021

Estuda a Festa 13 de Maio da Comunidade Quilombola Dona Juscelina em Muricilândia (TO). Objetivou-se compreender essa tradicional manifestação cultural na construção do território simbólico que os levam a exercerem a territorialidade e como suas tradições são integradas ao território. Faz-se relevante o estudo, trazendo contribuições para as discussões que englobam as relações dos grupos étnicorraciais quilombolas com a natureza e sua apropriação para fins de modos de produção tradicional, assim como o estabelecimento de sua territorialidade ou a luta para alcançá-la, envolvendo relações de poder políticos e econômicos. A pesquisa possui caráter qualitativo, partindo de levantamentos em campo, realizamos revisão conceitual e temática e mobilizamos o método da História Oral. Compreendemos que a Festa 13 de Maio é uma territorialidade imaterial que fundamenta os direitos territoriais da comunidade quilombola em análise, que reivindicam o território concreto, é um elo entre o passado e o presente em que proporciona ao grupo a produção de fronteiras culturais que consolida a identificação como categoria social quilombola. Consideramos que a conservação e reprodução dos traços identitários dão um sentido de continuidade histórico-cultural e simbólica.
Desenvolvimento local e os saberes das artesãs quilombola:
Authors: Silva Éder Batista da , Costa Maria Aparecida Tenório Salvador da
Published: June 2021

Este texto traduz um recorte de uma pesquisa acadêmica desenvolvida com o objetivo de analisar a dialogicidade entre a extensão rural e a educação ambiental na promoção de mudanças sociais e desenvolvimento local na Comunidade Quilombola de Conceição das Crioulas, zona rural do município de Salgueiro – PE. O referido recorte tem por objetivo analisar o processo de construção do desenvolvimento local pelas artesãs da comunidade quilombola através da adoção da educação ambiental como estratégia de resistência dos valores culturais e fortalecimento do projeto político da comunidade quilombola. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, onde os dados foram coletados através da análise documental, observações de campo e da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados através da metodologia da Análise do Discurso – AD. Os sujeitos da investigação foram: artesãs, educadores e educadoras da comunidade. A educação ambiental adotada nos espaços de construção de conhecimentos da comunidade contribui de maneira direta para formação de uma nova visão de mundo dos sujeitos da comunidade quilombola.
Neurological symptoms in Scheuermann’s disease: review of rare clinical observations
Authors: Mikhaylovskiy M. V. , Alshevskaya A. A. , Stupak V. V.
Published: June 2021

Neurological symptoms in Scheuermann’s disease are very rare, only a few dozen cases have been described. The main causes of spinal cord compression with the development of neurological symptoms in spinal deformities due to Scheuermann’s disease are compression by the anterior wall of the spinal canal, together with the dorsal leaflet of the dura mater, intervertebral hernia, and extradural bone cyst. The review provides a description of 38 clinical observations found in the literature. Compressing factors can also be spinal epidural lipomatosis and a displaced fragment of the annular apophysis. Scheuermann’s disease can be combined with syringomyelia. The magnitude of the kyphotic deformity does not correlate with the severity of neurological symptoms. Preoperative examination of a patient with Scheuermann’s disease should include methods that allow visualizing the condition of the spinal canal and its contents.
Pengaruh Kegel Exercise terhadap Inkontinensia Urine pada Ibu Postpartum Multipara
Authors: Ningsih Murti Sari , Erika Erika , Woferst Rismadefi
Published: June 2021

Introduction: One of problems experienced post-partum mothers is urine incontinence. Kegel exercise effects on urine incontinence post-partum mothers and elderly. However, limited study search for its effect on multiparous post-partum mothers. This study aims to determine the effect of Kegel exercise on urinary incontinence in multiparous post-partum mothers.Methods: The research design used was a quasi-experiment with a post-test with control group design which was divided into an experimental group and a control group. The research was conducted in the work area of Rejosari Public Health Center with a sample size of 34 respondents with the criteria of multiparous postpartum mothers who experienced urinary incontinence in normal labor with a purposive sampling technique. The measuring instrument used was the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Data analysis used dependent and independent t-test.Results: The results of the dependent t-test statistic with α 0.05 showed that Kegel exercise was effective against urinary incontinence in the experimental group p value (0.000) and the control group p value (0.033) and the results of the independent t-test showed that there was an effect of Kegel exercise on urinary incontinence in the experimental group and the control group p value (0.004). The results of this study can be used as a reference for using Kegel exercises as a way to deal with complaints of urinary incontinence in multiparous post-partum mothers.
An Analysis of the Game Movement Demands of Women's Interprovincial Rugby Union
Authors: Callanan Danielle , Rankin Paula , Fitzpatrick Paula
Published: June 2021

Callanan, D, Rankin, P, and Fitzpatrick, P. Analysis of the game movement demands of women's interprovincial rugby union. J Strength Cond Res 35(12S): S20–S25, 2021—The purpose of this study was to provide an objective analysis of the game movement demands of women's interprovincial rugby union (RU). Sixty-three (N = 128) interprovincial women RU players wore 10-Hz global positioning systems (PlayerTek by Catapult, Australia) during 12 interprovincial matches (116 individual player data sets). Players were classified according to forwards and backs, and positional subcategory groups: front row second row, back row, half-back, midfield, and back three. The mean total distance covered across the series was 5,696 ± 822 m, at a relative distance of 67.9 ± 6.9 m·min−1, while recording a mean maximal velocity of 6.5 ± 0.7 m·s−1. The backs covered a greater total distance (5,964 ± 807 m; d = 0.65), relative distance (70.1 ± 7.5 m·min−1; d = 0.63), mean maximal velocity (6.9 ± 0.5 m·s−1; d = 1.27), distance walking (1,152 ± 152 m; d = 0.54), jogging (3,120 ± 519 m; d = 0.56), and high-speed running (294 ± 150 m; d = 0.99) than the forwards. The midfield recorded the greatest total distance (6,144 ± 516 m; p = 0.013), with the front row registering the lowest. The half backs documented the greatest relative distance (73.2 ± 8.0 m·min−1; p = 0.005), with the back three reported to cover the greatest distances walking (1,169 ± 178 m; p = 0.001) and at high-speed distances (353 ± 175 m; p = 0.002). The back three also recorded the greatest mean maximal velocity (7.2 ± 0.4 m·s−1; p = 0.000). This is the first study in the Northern hemisphere to report the game movement demands of interprovincial women's RU and the information derived from this study may provide practitioners with normative data to assist coaches with preparation.
Resistance Training With Different Velocity Loss Thresholds Induce Similar Changes in Strengh and Hypertrophy
Authors: Andersen Vidar , Paulsen Gøran , Stien Nicolay , Baarholm Martin , Seynnes Olivier , Saeterbakken Atle Hole
Published: June 2021

Andersen, V, Paulsen, G, Stien, N, Baarholm, M, Seynnes, O, and Saeterbakken, AH. Resistance training with different velocity loss thresholds induce similar changes in strengh and hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2021—The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 velocity-based resistance training programs when performing resistance training with matched training volume. Ten resistance-trained adults volunteered (age, 23 ± 4.3 years; body mass, 68 ± 8.9 kg; and height, 171 ± 8 cm) with a mean resistance training experience of 4.5 years. A within person, between leg design was used. For each subject, the legs were randomly assigned to either low velocity loss (LVL) threshold at 15% or high velocity loss (HVL) threshold at 30% velocity loss. Leg press and leg extension were trained unilaterally twice per week over a period of 9 weeks. Before and after the intervention, both legs were tested in 1 repetition maximum (RM) (kg), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) (N), rate of force development (N·s−1), average velocity (m·s−1), and power output (W) at 30, 45, 60, and 75% of 1 RM (all in unilateral leg press). Furthermore, muscle thickness (mm) of the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris, pennation angle (°) of the vastus lateralis, and the fascicle length (mm) of the vastus lateralis were measured using ultrasound imaging. The data were analyzed using mixed-design analysis of variance. No differences between the legs in any of the variables were found; however, both low and HVL were effective for increasing 1 RM (ES = 1.25–1.82), MVC (effect size [ES] = 0.42–0.64), power output (ES = 0.31–0.86), and muscle thickness (ES = 0.24–0.51). In conclusion, performing velocity-based resistance training with low and HVL with equal training volume resulted in similar effects in maximal and explosive strength in addition to muscular adaptations.
Child unconsciousness in 'A Handful of Dates' by Saleh Tayib and 'The Veldt' by Brad Bury
Authors: Ardani Meiri Putri
Published: June 2021

A disappointment in parental behaviour towards children sometimes does not realized by parents. How parents raised their children is one of the reasons children unconsciously experience disappointment, reflected in the short story A Handful of Dates by Tayeb Salih and The Veldt by Ray Bradbury. This study shows that parental attitudes affect children's behaviour. This research uses the close reading method which includes: (1) analyzing the character of children and parents (2) identifying child’s unconsciousness (3) drawing conclusions about the effect of unconscious parental behaviour on children. This study uses psychoanalytic approach. Moreover, this study shows that parents' behaviour toward children’s unconsciousness can influence children's bad behaviour.
Living in a hamster wheel: Identity construction through hopes and terrors in Bong Joon-Ho’s 'Parasite'
Authors: Octavia Lisa
Published: June 2021

Bong Joon-Ho’s Parasite (2019) has successfully depicted universal issues regarding class identity and social mobility. It tells us a story about a lower-class family, the Kims who aspired and struggled in their journey of climbing the social ladder. This research aims to explore the process of identity construction of the Kims. Close textual analysis is employed as a tool for investigation and Althusser’s ideological interpellation is used to explain the process. The research also focuses on the socio-cultural factors that influence the Kims’ social mobility which contribute to the permanence of their class identity. The findings found out that many symbolic markers such as differences in property, neighborhood, education, diet and behavior distinguish the lower- and upper-class families. Thus, interpellation occurs when the family is lured into believing the ‘American dream’: by working hard enough and taking more risks, it is possible to climb up the social hierarchy. It constructs their identity as a lower-class with aspirations to move upward. This study also concludes that the persistence of social immobility is highly influenced by the level of education, perceptual discrimination, the impossibility of cross-class marriage and the economic inequality. Therefore, it proves that class identity can be unfavorable inheritance.
A Kenmotsu metric as a conformal $\eta$-Einstein soliton
Authors: Roy S. , Dey S. , Bhattacharyya A.
Published: June 2021

The object of the present paper is to study some properties of Kenmotsu manifold whose metric is conformal $\eta$-Einstein soliton. We have studied certain properties of Kenmotsu manifold admitting conformal $\eta$-Einstein soliton. We have also constructed a 3-dimensional Kenmotsu manifold satisfying conformal $\eta$-Einstein soliton.
Research on tool wear factors for milling wood-plastic composites based on response surface methodology
Authors: Wei Weihua , Li Yingli , Li Yuantong , Xu Yiqi , Yang Changyong
Published: June 2021

A high-speed milling experiment on wood-plastic composites was performed using cemented carbide tools, and the resulting wear pattern was studied. The influence of the cutting parameters, the cutting speed, feed speed, and axial cutting depth on the tool wear was studied via response surface methodology, and the influence of the interaction of the cutting parameters on tool wear was analyzed. Three-dimensional surface graphs and contour plots of the tool wear results were established. According to the experimental results, a mathematical model of the tool wear based on the second-order response surface methodology was established, and the model was utilized to verify its feasibility. The results show that the nose width (NW) increases with the increase of the cutting speed and axial cutting depth and decreases with the increase of feed speed. Among the factors affecting tool wear, the cutting speed had the greatest influence, followed by the feed rate, with the axial cutting depth affecting tool wear the least. According to the results of the interaction between the tool wear and the cutting parameters, a low feed speed and small axial cutting depth can be selected to ensure long tool life; for low-speed cutting, a high feed speed and large axial cutting depth can be adopted to ensure tool life while improving machining efficiency.
Preparation of hydrogen-rich gas by catalytic pyrolysis of straw-plastic mixture with nickel-based honeycomb cinder
Authors: Li Zeshan , Zhang Yiran , Xiong Tao , Li Bolin , Xiao Menghan , Xu Xianzhou , Hu Rui , Zhu Yuan , Li Jianfen
Published: June 2021

Nickel catalyst supported on honeycomb cinder (Ni/HC) was prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method. The catalyst was applied to produce hydrogen-rich combustible gas by catalytic pyrolysis of soybean straw and plastic (PE) mixture. The straw and plastic materials were analyzed by elemental analysis and industrial analysis. The support and catalyst were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm (BET). The analysis showed that NiO was well loaded on the surface of honeycomb coal slag carrier. The effects of Ni loading, pyrolysis temperature, holding time, and calcination temperature on the experimental results were studied. The results showed that the preparation of the catalyst was feasible and that it had a good catalytic effect. When Ni loading was 15 wt.%, catalytic pyrolysis temperature was 700 °C, holding time was 20 min, and calcination temperature of catalyst was 400 °C, H2 concentration increased from 20.6 to 52.8 vol.%, and while H2 yield was 302 mL/g, CH4 concentration decreased from 51.1 to 22.6 vol.% and CO concentration increased from 10.8 to 17.8 vol.%. After the catalyst was regenerated 6 times, the H2 concentration still reached 40 vol.% and the combustible gas concentration was still above 80 vol.%. The catalyst still had good catalytic activity.
Preparing Scientists, Policymakers, and Managers for a Fast-Forward Future
Authors:   University of California, Davis, Norgaard Richard , Wiens John ,   Colorado State University, Brandt Stephen ,   Oregon State University, Canuel Elizabeth ,   Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Collier Tracy ,   Western Washington University, Dale Virginia ,   University of Tennessee, Fernando Harindra ,   University of Notre Dame, Holzer Thomas ,   Delta Stewardship Council, Luoma Samuel ,   University of California, Davis, Resh Vincent ,   University of California, Berkeley
Published: June 2021

Ecosystems in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta are changing rapidly, as are ecosystems around the world. Extreme events are becoming more frequent and thresholds are likely to be crossed more often, creating greater uncertainty about future conditions. The accelerating speed of change means that ecological systems may not remain stable long enough for scientists to understand them, much less use their research findings to inform policy and management. Faced with these challenges, those involved in science, policy, and management must adapt and change and anticipate what the ecosystems may be like in the future. We highlight several ways of looking ahead—scenario analyses, horizon scanning, expert elicitation, and dynamic planning—and suggest that recent advances in distributional ecology, disturbance ecology, resilience thinking, and our increased understanding of coupled human–natural systems may provide fresh ways of thinking about more rapid change in the future. To accelerate forward-looking science, policy, and management in the Delta, we propose that the State of California create a Delta Science Visioning Process to fully and openly assess the challenges of more rapid change to science, policy, and management and propose appropriate solutions, through legislation, if needed.
Effects of Tidally Varying River Flow on Entrainment of Juvenile Salmon into Sutter and Steamboat Sloughs
Authors:   US Fish and Wildlife Service, Romine Jason , Perry Russell ,   US Geological Survey, Stumpner Paul ,   US Geological Survey, Blake Aaron ,   US Geological Survey, Burau John ,   US Geological Survey
Published: June 2021

Survival of juvenile salmonids in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Delta) varies by migration route, and thus the proportion of fish that use each route affects overall survival through the Delta. Understanding factors that drive routing at channel junctions along the Sacramento River is therefore critical to devising management strategies that maximize survival. Here, we examine entrainment of acoustically tagged juvenile Chinook Salmon into Sutter and Steamboat sloughs from the Sacramento River. Because these sloughs divert fish away from the downstream entrances of the Delta Cross Channel and Georgiana Slough (where fish access the low-survival region of the interior Delta), management actions to increase fish entrainment into Sutter and Steamboat sloughs are being investigated to increase through-Delta survival. Previous studies suggest that fish generally “go with the flow”—as net flow into a divergence increases, the proportion of fish that enter that divergence correspondingly increases. However, complex tidal hydrodynamics at sub-daily time-scales may be decoupled from net flow. Therefore, we modeled routing of acoustic tagged juvenile salmon as a function of tidally varying hydrodynamic data, which was collected using temporary gaging stations deployed between March and May of 2014. Our results indicate that discharge, the proportion of flow that entered the slough, and the rate of change of flow were good predictors of an individual’s probability of being entrained. In addition, interactions between discharge and the proportion of flow revealed a non-linear relationship between flow and entrainment probability. We found that the highest proportions of fish are likely to be entrained into Steamboat Slough and Sutter Slough on the ascending and descending limbs of the tidal cycle, when flow changes from positive to negative. Our findings characterize how patterns of entrainment vary with tidal flow fluctuations, providing information critical for understanding the potential effect of management actions (e.g., fish guidance structures) to modify routing probabilities at this location.
Terceiro molar impactado em região de seio maxilar- Relato de caso
Authors: Donato Luís Philippe Lopes , Melo Isabelle De Argolo , Santos Anne Carolinne Albuquerque de Vasconcellos Costa , De Oliveira Lívia Maria Lopes , Rebelo Helder Lima , Lima de Oliveira Hugo Franklin
Published: June 2021

Introdução: Os terceiros molares comumente estão em posições ectópicas, geralmente devido à impacção, causada pela falta de espaço no respectivo arco. Geralmente são encontrados em achados radiográficos, mas podem estar relacionados a sintomas apresentados pelos pacientes, como edema e dor. O tratamento pode ser conservador ou cirúrgico e irá depender das condições clínicas e/ou dos sintomas relatados pelo paciente.Objetivo: O objetivo do artigo é o relato de caso de remoção cirúrgica de um terceiro molar impactado em região íntima ao seio maxilar relacionado a queixa de dor crônica da paciente.Relato de caso: Paciente, gênero feminino, 29 anos, leucoderma, compareceu com queixa principal de dor intensa e contínua, na região maxilar superior esquerda. Os exames de imagem demonstraram a presença de um elemento dentário, intimamente relacionado ao seio maxilar. Esse foi removido por meio de técnica cirúrgica conservadora.Conclusão: O tratamento de dentes impactados requer a avaliação por um profissional capacitado para tomar a melhor decisão acerca da conduta para cada caso, podendo ser um tratamento conservador ou cirúrgico.
Fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos de casos de hanseníase associados ao desempenho da avaliação de seus contatos no Ceará, 2008-2019
Authors: Soares Gerlania Maria Martins de Melo , Souza Eliana Amorim de , Ferreira Anderson Fuentes , García Gabriela Soledad Márdero , Oliveira Maria Leide Wand-Del-Rey de , Pinheiro Aquiléa Bezerra de Melo , Santos Maria Aldenisa Moura dos , Ramos Jr. Alberto Novaes
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Analisar o efeito de características sociodemográficas e clínicas de casos novos (CN) de hanseníase como determinantes no desempenho da avaliação dos contatos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com abordagem temporal do indicador de avaliação de 100% dos contatos examinados de CNs registrados no Ceará, Brasil, via Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, em 2008-2019. Empregou-se regressão logística para estimar razão de chances (OR) com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). A tendência temporal baseou-se em regressão joinpoint. Resultados: Analisou-se 23.675 CNs, 65,4% com contatos examinados. Verificou-se maior chance para não avaliação de 100% dos contatos registrados com CN multibacilar (OR=1,19 – IC95% 1,11;1,28) e com exame de contatos como modo de entrada (OR=1,71 – IC95% 1,35;2,18). A tendência temporal do indicador foi de aumento (variação percentual anual: 2,1 – IC95% 1,2;3,0). Conclusão: Dimensões distintas de vulnerabilidade individual e social de CNs de hanseníase influenciam o persistente desempenho insatisfatório da avaliação de contatos.
Social inequalities associated with case fatality rate due to COVID-19 in Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil, 2020
Authors: Sanhueza-Sanzana Carlos , Aguiar Italo Wesley Oliveira , Almeida Rosa Lívia Freitas , Kendall Carl , Mendes Aminata , Kerr Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre as desigualdades sociais e sanitárias, condições socioeconômicas, segregação espacial e letalidade por COVID-19 em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de casos confirmados e óbitos por COVID-19, tendo como unidades de análise os 119 bairros de Fortaleza.
Objective: To analyze the association between social inequalities and sanitation, socioeconomic conditions, spatial segregation and case-fatality rate (CFR) due to COVID-19 in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Methods: Ecological study of confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19, in 119 neighborhoods in Fortaleza as units of analysis. We calculated the indicators of incidence, mortality and apparent CFR of COVID-19, between January 1 to June 8, 2020. The socioeconomic indicators were extracted from the Demographic Census of Brazil, 2010. Spatial analysis was performed and Moran´s Global and Local index were calculated. Results: We found 22,830 confirmed cases, 2,333 deaths and an apparent lethality of 12.7 (95%CI 11.6;13.9). We observed significant spatial autocorrelations for apparent CFR (I=0.35) and extreme poverty (I=0.51) that overlap in several neighborhoods in the city. Conclusion: Apparent CFR due to COVID-19 is associated with worse socioeconomic and sanitary conditions, demonstrating the relationship between social inequalities and health outcomes in times of pandemic.
BULLYING E MEDIDAS PARA MINIMIZÁ-LO: PERCEPÇÃO DE ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO EM DIFERENTES CONTEXTOS EDUCACIONAIS
Authors: Salmazo Alicia Helena Mendes , Rinaldi Lucía , Moreno Noah Serrati , Oliveira Camila Santos , Vieira Junior Francisco Ubaldo
Published: June 2021

O bullying é um ato agressivo sistemático, envolvendo ameaça, intimidação ou coação, praticado contra alguém, por um indivíduo ou um grupo de pessoas. É um problema ainda presente na vida dos jovens, principalmente no ambiente escolar. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar as diferenças percebidas pelos estudantes quanto aos motivos das vitimizações por bullying e medidas para minimizá-las, em diferentes contextos educacionais Utilizou-se de um questionário adaptado do modelo “Peer Victimization Scale” de Mynard e Joseph (2000) com duas perguntas sobre a ocorrência de vitimizações por bulliyng e medidas para minimizá-lo. As respostas dos estudantes foram categorizadas relativas a cada pergunta. As respostas da categoria 1 foram classificadas em: minha culpa, culpa do outro e naturalização. As respostas da categoria 2 foram classificadas em: Auxílio individualizado, sensibilização, punição, supervisão e nada a fazer. Os resultados categorizados foram relacionados aos dados quantitativos de vitimização e baseado nos resultados  foram feitas considerações para ações anti-bullying nas escolas.
Muslihüddin Bin Abdulgani (Müezzin Hoca) Vakfı
Authors: KUL Eyüp
Published: June 2021

Balkanlarda hangi milletten olursa olsun, “Türkçe’yi nereden öğrendin” sorusuna hemen hemen aynı cevap verilir. “İstanbul’un fetih tarihi ne zamandır?” Gerçekten de İstanbul’dan çok önce fethedilerek Türk-İslam beldesi haline dönüştürülen Balkanlar, kaybedileli bir asrı aşan bir zaman dilimine rağmen kadim medeniyetin izlerini hala daha hissettiren bir bölge olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Hiç kuşkusuz fiziki yapıyı şekillendiren ve tesis edildikleri yerlere bir Türk-İslam beldesi kimliği kazandıran vakıflar da bu medeniyetin en güzel örnekleridir. Bu çalışmada 16. yüzyıl ortasında Balkanların kadim kentlerinden Üsküp ile Yenipazar ve Trepçe’de vakıf tesis eden ve Müezzin Hoca namıyla meşhur Muslihüddin bin Abdulgani vakfı değerlendirilmiştir. Müezzin Hoca’nın, Üsküp şehrinde adına yaptırdığı cami, yine aynı şehirde inşa ettiği Kurşunlu Han, satın alarak hizmete soktuğu Şengül Hamamı ve vakfa ait dükkânlar ile vakıf sahibinin Yenipazar ve Trepçe’de inşa ettiği camiler ve diğer eserleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Vakfın kurulmasını müteakip geçirdiği düzenlemeler, cami ve vakıfta görevli kişilerle ilgili atama kayıtlarıve vakfın şehirlerin gelişiminde üstlendiği rol değerlendirilmiştir.
Be Careful What You Wish For! Learning Analytics and the Emergence of Data-Driven Practices in Higher Education
Authors: Cerratto Pargman Teresa , McGrath Cormac
Published: June 2021

With the growing digitalization of the education sector, the availability of significant amounts of data, “big data,” creates possibilities for the use of artificial intelligence technologies to gain valuable insight into how students learn in higher education. Learning analytics technologies are examples of how deep learning algorithms can identify patterns in data and incorporate this “knowledge” into a model that is eventually integrated into the digital platforms used for interacting with students. This chapter introduces learning analytics as an emerging sociotechnical phenomenon in higher education. We situate the promises and expectations associated with learning analytics technologies, map their ties to emerging data-driven practices, and unpack the ethical concerns that are related to such practices via examples.Following this, we discuss three insights that we hope will provoke discussions among educators, researchers, and practitioners in higher education: (1) educational data-driven practices are highly context sensitive, (2) educational data-driven practices are not synonymous with evidence-based practices, and (3) innovative educational data-driven practices are not sustainable per se. This chapter calls for debating the role of emerging data-driven practices in higher education in relation to academic freedom and educational values embedded in critical pedagogy.
Art Music, Perfection and Power: Critical Encounters with Classical Music Culture in Contemporary Cinema
Authors: Pontara Tobias
Published: June 2021

During the last three decades music scholars have provided a growing amount of critical accounts of what they contend is a fundamental conceptual support behind the performance of classical music, namely the belief in aesthetically autonomous and endurable musical works free-standing from any cultural and social context. According to this ontology, the primary obligation of the performer is to present and interpret the musical work, a performance ideal that has been claimed to foster a musical culture obsessed with perfectionism and permeated by problematic relations of power. Such critical assessments have of late migrated beyond the academic discourses of music scholars into the venues of popular culture, a phenomenon evidenced in particular by a variety of recently released feature films. This article argues that current screen media representations of classical musicians are involved in a complex critical dialogue with deep-rooted aesthetic ideologies clustering around classical music and its performance. Although such representations advance a view of classical music culture as being deeply permeated by structural inequalities, performance anxiety and unreasonably high standards of perfection, they do not necessarily reject the notion of the musical work or devalue the high-art status and emancipatory potential traditionally ascribed to classical music.
DİLBİLİMSEL TİPOLOJİ VE TÜRKÇE
Authors: Özezen Muna Yüceol
Published: June 2021

Tipoloji genel olarak dillerin farklılıkları ve genetik akrabalıkları soruna eğilen bir dilbilim disiplinidir. Tipoloji farklılıklara odaklanırken, dünya dillerinin benzerliklerine odaklanan dil evrenseli araştırmacılarına yakın durmaktadırlar. Hatta günümüzde dilbilimsel tipoloji ve dil evrenselleri araştırmalarının neredeyse birlikte hareket ettiklerini söylemek yanlış olmayacaktır. Esasında genel dilbilim ve tarihsel dilbilim alanları da doğal insan dilleri sorunu benzer yaklaşımlarla ele almaktaydı. Ancak günümüzde çağdaş teknik olanaklarla yüzlerce hatta binlerce dünya dilini karşılaştıran, benzerlik ve farklılıklarını ortaya koyan çalışmalar genellikle dilbilimsel tipoloji adıyla yapılmaktadır. Dünyada devam eden büyük çaplı dilbilimsel tipoloji çalışmaları dünya dillerinin birbirlerine sanıldığından çok daha az benzediğini, kültürün dili büyük ölçüde farklı hale getirdiğini ve dillerin tipolojik özelliklerinin durağan bir görünümde olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu anlamda güçlü eklemeli görünümüyle dünya tipologlarının dikkatini çeken Türkçenin de yeni tipolojik eğilimler geliştirme potansiyeli her zaman vardır. Nitekim günümüz Türkiye Türkçesinin gerek bazı biçimbilgisel ve gerekse bazı sözdizimsel kategorilerin işaretlenmesinde, “tipik” olandan uzaklaşma eğilimi gösterdiği ve kendine bazı alternatifler geliştirdiği gözlenebilmektedir.
FERİT EDGÜ’NÜN KAÇKINLAR’INDA ŞİDDETİN YANSIMALARI
Authors: Soysal Eşitti Asli
Published: June 2021

1950 kuşağının önde gelen öykücülerinden Ferit Edgü, içinde yaşadığı çağın değişen insan algısını yansıttığı hikayelerinde, yalnızlık, yabancılaşma, bunaltı gibi varoluşçu felsefenin yansıması olan izleklere yer verir. Ferit Edgü’nün 1959’da yayımlanan Kaçkınlar adlı kitabında yer alan birbirleriyle bağlantılı hikayelerde şiddet teması merkeze alınarak yapılan araştırma aracılığıyla, dönemin değişen edebiyat anlayışını ve insan algısını görmek mümkün olacaktır.
Ferit Edgü’nün Kaçkınlar adlı kitabında yer alan öykülerde şiddet, toplum içinde görülmemenin, duyulmamanın ve anlaşılmamanın sonucu olarak ortaya çıkar ve kişilerin yalnızlık, yabancılaşma ve bunaltı gibi duygularının dışavurum aracı olarak kullanılır. Varoluşsal kaygıların egemen olduğu, zorluklarla sürdürdükleri, yaşamaya değer bulmadıkları hayatlarını, başkalarının gözleriyle değerlendiren hikâye kişileri, içine düştükleri çıkmazda şiddete başvururlar.
Kaçkınlar’da şiddet, insandan insana, insandan hayvana ve insandan nesnelere yönelik şiddet olmak üzere çeşitli biçimlerde görünür kılınır. Fiziksel şiddet, hem hikaye kişileri tarafından uygulanan hem de onların maruz kaldığı bir şiddet türü olarak, insanoğlunun yıkıcı ve yok edici yüzünü temsil eder. Psikolojik şiddet ise hem içeriden kişilerin kendilerine uyguladığı duygusal şiddet hem de dışarıdan diğer insanlar tarafından hikâye kişisine uygulanan baskılar aracılığıyla görünür kılınır. Çalışmada incelenen hikayeler aracılığıyla şiddetin görünür ve görünmez yüzleriyle insanların hayatını kuşattığı ve giderek artan yıkıcılığıyla onların hayatında çıkmaza sebep olduğu üzerinde durulmuştur.
Protocol: Investigating DOIs classes of errors v5
Authors: Boente Ricarda , Massari Arcangelo , Santini Cristian , Tural Deniz
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this protocol is to provide an automated process to repair invalid DOIs that have been collected by the OpenCitations Index Of Crossref Open DOI-To-DOI References (COCI) while processing data provided by Crossref. The data needed for this work is provided by Silvio Peroni as a CSV containing pairs of valid citing DOIs and invalid cited DOIs. With the goal to determine an automated process, we first classified the errors that characterize the wrong DOIs in the list. The starting hypothesis is that there are two main classes of errors: factual errors, such as wrong characters, and DOIs that are not yet valid at the time of processing. The first class can be furtherly divided into three classes: errors due to irrelevant strings added to the beginning (prefix-type errors) or at the end (suffix-type errors) of the correct DOI, and errors due to unwanted characters in the middle (other-type errors). Once the classes of errors are addressed, we propose automatic processes to obtain correct DOIs from wrong ones. These processes involve the use of the information returned from DOI API, the January 2021 Public Data File from Crossref, as well as rule-based methods, including regular expressions to correct invalid DOIs. The application of this methodology produced a CSV dataset containing all the pairs of citing and cited DOIs in the original dataset, each one enriched by 5 fields: "Already_Valid", which tells if the cited DOI was already valid before cleaning, "New_DOI", which contain a clean, valid DOI (if our procedure was able to produce one), and "prefix_error", "suffix_error" and "other-type_error" fields, which contain, for each cleaned DOI the number of errors that were cleaned.
THREATS TO RELIGIOUS SECURITY AS A CHALLENGE TO POLITICAL STABILITY IN LATIN AMERICA
Authors: Tkach Oleg
Published: June 2021

The article examines the problems of the components of the concept of threats to religious security, for example, which are transformed into concepts. The concept of "justice" is being transformed through the extreme polarization of Latin American society and elit. The necessity of ensuring security for traditional religions is substantiated, the unity, interdependence of spiritual, religious, national security is determined, the tasks, the solution of which requires to achieve the level of security, are characterized. The article determines that since religion influences politics, law, the level of relevance of religious security increases. Under modern conditions of transitional regimes, the religious system is becoming an important factor in political stability. This is especially true of the traditional religious system, which has a history of development, a deep system in popular culture. The religious factor also plays an important role in the geopolitical confrontation. The situation requires the mobilization of resources for the religious security of society. Among the tasks is the problem of training ideological personnel, for example, political scientists, philosophers, who have the ability to resist ideological influence. The problem of the formation of an effective religious ideology, which takes into account the geopolitical rivalry of states, the strengthening of the dynamics of spiritual competition, spiritual expansion, is urgent; protection of the sphere of consciousness of a believer from negative influence from destructive structures, psychological safety of believers, research of a set of ideas, a set of teachings, attitudes, uniting representatives of traditional religions to counter extremist, radicalist religious threats, and promote their own regional ideas. Since the level of interconnection between the state and society is increasing in the region, there is a need for a set of measures to ensure religious security. The governments of the countries will focus on the implementation of reforms that will guarantee a stable political regime.
MODERN THREATS TO THE RELIGIOUS SECURITY OF UKRAINIANS IN THE DIASPORA
Authors: Fylypovych Georgii
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of dangers faced by Ukrainians in the diaspora today. In addition to global challenges (environmental, energy, financial, resource, migration, etc.), there are specific threats to the spiritual and religious life of mankind, including and Ukrainians. Largescale secularization and dehumanization of the world is dangerous for everyone. People are at risk of losing their cultural, ethno-national and religious identity. These processes are especially threatening for those who living outside their country of origin, in the diaspora, where the connection with the motherland is rapidly lost. The author analyzes the problems experienced by the current Ukrainian diaspora. Among them are 1) historical problems that date back to the first wave of emigration, which were only exacerbated during the next, second, third and fourth; 2) psychological, which are determined by the nature of Ukrainians; 3) socio-economic, which determine the social status of members of the diaspora; 4) political, exacerbating the heterogeneity of the Ukrainian diaspora environment; 5) cultural, which on the one hand ensure the entry of Ukrainians into global culture, and on the other – preserve them as a relatively autonomous ethnic group. But there are also religious challenges associated with the general dereligiousization of modern society. Secularized Ukrainians who migrate from Ukraine, where they have not been attached to religious traditions and have been brought up in a non-religious spirit, do not become members of Ukrainian churches abroad. The number of Ukrainian believers in the diaspora is declining. In addition, Russian Orthodox structures operating outside Russia are actively dragging Ukrainians into their communities, eroding their own Ukrainian identity. Ukrainian Greek Catholics are being denationalized and deconfessionalized too. The Protestant churches, which unite religious emigrants from the former Soviet republics, are dominated by the Russian component, which influences the original ethno-religious identity of Ukrainians. Taken together, these dangers pose a question of existential importance to Ukrainians in the diaspora – whether Ukrainians in the diaspora will survive as a valuable part of global humanity, as an integral element of World's Ukrainians, as the citizens of the respective state and the members of civil society.
ACTIVITIES OF RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS UNDER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC SPREAD
Authors: Shavrina Iryna
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the response of religious organizations to the COVID-19 pandemic. The coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on the global confessional community. Many churches and denominations have faced direct restrictions on their activities. The author concludes that in each country these restrictions are localized and feature varying degrees of flexibility, depending on the current situation. The reaction of confessions to the corresponding restrictions and lockdowns varies as well: from understanding and collaboration with the authorities to manifesting disobedience and deliberate violation of the lockdown regulations. The spread of the pneumotropic virus prompted religious organizations to widely implement new forms of communication with their followers. A current trend is a so-called "accelerated digitalization": communication of churches with the believers and of the latter among themselves through online technologies. This will undoubtedly make religious organizations to reconsider their established traditional forms of spiritual and cult activity going forward. Facing the crisis situation under the fight against the coronavirus, religious organizations were able to sacrifice the most important aspect: mass public worships, which are a basic life need for believers of any confession and religion. For most of them, this constraint became a test for their general strength since the absence of joint onsite worships means the disunity of members of religious communities, the termination of the activities of individual parishes, as well as the loss of part of their income. The religious organizations' involvement in countering the spread of the virus has shown that they are not archaic and are capable of responding to social challenges. For many of them, especially for the Orthodox ones, the crisis has posed an acute issue of developing new forms of the Christian mission and attracting the population to the church. In many countries, the pandemic has helped the development of an interfaith dialogue. The social changes caused by the coronavirus pandemic have exacerbated existing issues and accelerated the processes that have already been taking place in the internal church life.
Myocardial infarction type 2 and myocardial injury: The current state of the problem
Authors: Oblavatskiy Dmitriy V. , Boldueva Svetlana A. , Solovyeva Mariya V.
Published: June 2021

Today, the most difficult in terms of diagnosis and treatment today among various types of myocardial infarction (MI) is MI type 2 (MI-2). The lack of clinical guidelines for management of patients with this type of MI, as well as the literature data on prevalence, patient characteristics and prognosis contributes to the scientific relevance of the further research.