bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacognostical and Phytopharmacological Review on Coatbuttons
Authors: Selvakumar P
Published: September 2024

Tridax procumbens L., regularly known as coatbuttons or Tridax daisy, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. T. procumbens are well identified for their medicinal properties among local natives. Besides being habitually used for dropsy, anemia, ulcer, piles, arthritis, gout, asthma, and urinary problems, it is also used in treating gastric complications, body pain, and rheumatic pains of joints. It is superlative and well-known as a prevalent weed and pest herbal. It is generally seen in the unused lands and along roadsides. It has been presented to tropical, subtropical, and mild temperate areas worldwide. T. procumbent, normally known as coatbuttons or Tridax daisy, is a species of blossoming plant in the daisy family. The preliminary phytochemical investigation showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, carotenoids, and tannins. It shows wound healing and is an anticoagulant, antifungal, and insect repellent activity. Ethnomedicinally this plant may be used in the treatment of numerous types of diseases. The plant shows various pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antibacterial activity, antiarthritic activity, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory effects, antiulcer activity, and antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity.
Laboratory Markers in the Prediction of Premature Birth
Authors: Popova Evgenia Igorevna , Kozlov Andrey Vladimirovich , Sizova Arina Ilinichna , Lyamin Artem Viktorovich , Gusyakova Oksana Anatolyevna , Ereshchenko Alena Anatolyevna
Published: September 2024

The problem of premature birth (PB) remains topical for the practicing obstetrician-gynecologist. The study of marker proteins indicating an increased risk of PB is one of the relevant areas of interest in modern obstetrics. The review presents data on laboratory markers of the onset of PB. Information on the importance of laboratory tests in predicting this condition is presented. A literature review on databases Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and Russian Science Citation Index, with a description of the experience of Russian and foreign authors on the use of biochemical indicators in determining risks of PB, is led. The significance of indicators such as fetal fibronectin, placental α-microglobulin-1, phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 and other marker proteins, as well as cytokines and hormones in the diagnosis of this condition is described. The experience of using noninvasive rapid tests for the qualitative determination of analytes from cervicovaginal artery emissions is reported. The efficacy of the joint use of medical ultrasound data combined with the determination of the level of one of the laboratory predictors, which choice is reliant on the gestational period and the presence of complications, is estimated. The use of laboratory predictors to determine the risk of PB can significantly reduce the number of unjustifiable hospitalizations as well as the institution of tocolytic and hormonal therapy. Almost all of the predictors which are described have a high negative predictive value, which may help reduce unreasonable hospitalizing.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reactivation and Coinfections
Authors: Daneshmandi Zahra , Pourdowlat Guitti , Rekabi Mahsa , Honarpisheh Parisa , Mirzendedel Mahsa , Sadati Elham , Ghaffaripour Hossein Ali , Hasanzad Maryam , Mahdaviani Seyed Alireza , Velayati Ali Akbar
Published: September 2024

The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), greatly affects the health systems and socioeconomic parameters. Post pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 might activate dormant bacterial infections like Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the long term. The mechanism of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation is still not clear, but it is thought that in healthy individuals, a strong immune response can form granulomatous lesion and prevents the development of active TB, while, in patients with dysregulated immune systems, TB reactivation occurs. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge about the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and TB as an unwavering health hazard.
Preventive Food Complements and Preventive Tuberculosis
Authors: Maes Roland
Published: September 2024

Hippocrates recommended to treat patients with food. One cannot emphasize the enough importance of food and its impact on human behavior. I will expose in detail the rationale for use, the activity, and the production for three of them, i.e., essential fatty acids (flax oil), uleine (Pao aspido), yeast nucleic acid extracts (oligoribonucleotides), and because COVID-19 is here, I will present in a succinct way honey for its immunological properties and bitter orange for its anti-inflammatory activity. Adequate nutrition curbs the development of some afflictions. For example, tuberculosis symptoms have significantly regressed with the standard of living acquired in the Western world after the second world war, whereas it continues to strive in less favored parts of the world. A depreciation of food standards (contaminated foods, poor nutrients, junk-food, and abandon of an array of traditional foods) prevents the weakened immune system of stressed hosts to accomplish its duty to keep the natural homeostasis under control.
Short-Term Side Effects of Sinopharm Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine in Adolescents Aged 12-18 Years Vaccinated in Dr. Masih Daneshvari Hospital
Authors: Honarpisheh Parisa , Nematollahi Zahra , Palizdar Mojgan , Mirzaee Azade Zeinab , Askari Elham , Rekabi Vahab , Daneshmandi Zahra , Jamilian Parsa , Hassanzad Maryam , Rekabi Mahsa
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Vaccination is known as one of the best approaches for overcoming the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Many COVID-19 vaccines were authorized for emergency use, and the knowledge about efficacy, safety, and adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines is based only on data published from clinical trials and is not reliable. Therefore, a report of the side effects in the real world and among different populations is very helpful. The purpose of this research is to study and describe the side effects of the Sinopharm vaccine in adolescents aged 12–18 years.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A descriptive retrospective study was conducted on 502 Iranian populations aged 12–18 years who received the first dose of the Sinopharm vaccine. Information was collected based-on telephonic interviews. In this survey, participants and their parents were asked about the underlying disease, side effects developed after receiving the vaccine, the time of beginning the reactions, and the time of resolving them.

RESULTS:

Out of 502 vaccinated participants with a mean age of 14.2 ± 0.6 years, about 10% (n = 50) reported side effects after the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine. The most common side effects were injection site reactions (5.97%), and pain at the injection site (70%) was the most common of them. Systemic reactions were 2.19%, and fatigue/malaise was the most common of them (22%). The mean time to begin the side effects after injection was 42 ± 8.6 min, and the mean time of resolving developed adverse effects was 38 ± 5.3 min.

CONCLUSION:

About 10% of the population aged 12 to18 years developed adverse effects following the Sinopharm vaccine. These adverse reactions were often mild in severity and were developed mostly during 2 h of vaccination and resolved in <1 h and required no or home-based treatment. It seems that the Sinopharm vaccines are safe in the population aged 12–18 years and are not associated with significant complications. The exact mechanisms of these adverse reactions are not clear, but according to the time of occurrence of the vaccine side effects, it seems that type 1 hypersensitivity allergic reactions are mainly involved.
Association between Alpha-Thalassemia Carrier Prevalence and Incidence of COVID-19
Authors: Sookaromdee Pathum , Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

The association between COVID-19 incidence and genetic underlying is an interesting issue. The possible association between thalassemia and COVID-19 is proposed. In additional to beta-thalassemia, alpha-thalassemia is another important group of thalassemic disorder.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this report, the authors present an observation on correlation between alpha-thalassemia 1carrier prevalence and incidence of COVID-19 from a tropical country in Southeast Asia that alpha-thalassemia is endemic.

RESULTS:

According to this study, there is no significant correlation and the calculated correlation coefficient between alpha-thalassemia carrier prevalence and incidence of COVID-19 is equal to − 0.82 (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

According to the current data, there is no discernible link between the incidence of COVID-19 and the prevalence of alpha-thalassemia 1 carriers.
A Comparative Molecular Docking Study of Phytocompounds in Red Wine for the Management of Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes
Authors: Jain Naman Vijaykumar , Tambekar Omkar Pravin , Bodhankar S. L. , Bansode Deepali Amol
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

In this study, we have investigated the binding affinity, ADME, and toxicity analysis of phytocompounds of red wine by performing molecular docking studies related to diabetes and cardioprotective activity. Our aim is to Identify the affinity of phytocompounds of red wine for the management of coronary artery disease and diabetes by performing docking.

METHODS:

Molecular docking and toxicity prediction were performed using AutoDock Vina, Pymol, Discovery studio, Autodock Tools, Chemdraw, Swiss ADME, and PROTOX-II tools.

RESULTS:

Docking investigations of phytocompounds in red wine with targeted proteins, such as 2ZJ3 and 5JMY, found that all selected phytocompounds had a high binding affinity and enhanced binding modes for selected target receptors, resulting in increased activity for diabetes and coronary artery disease. Gallotannin (hydrolysable tannin), the most major phytocompound found in red wine, has a high binding affinity for the 2ZJ3 protein, which is the isomerase domain of the human glucose: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase receptor (−11.9 Kcal/mol). Theaflavin has a binding affinity for the 5JMY protein of −11.4 Kcal/mol (neprilysin receptor). The binding affinity of all phytocompounds is depicted.

CONCLUSION:

Red wine is an alcoholic beverage that contains polyphenols such as anthocyanins, flavanols, tannins, and nonflavonoid chemicals, phenolic acids, and resveratrol. These chemicals have an effect on the pharmacological qualities of red wine. Investigators are very interested in the phenolic metabolites derived from polyphenol, phenolic acids parent molecules, and this topic needs to be researched more; hence, we conclude that docking studies of phytocompounds in red wine with targeted proteins, such as 2ZJ3 and 5JMY, found that all selected phytocompounds had a high binding affinity and enhanced binding modes for selected target receptors, resulting in management of activity for diabetes and coronary artery disease. The major drawback highlights concentration-dependent intake of red wine is highlights in the in-vivo study.
Myrtillin Prolongs Lifespan and Enhances Tolerance against Pathogenic Infections in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Nas John Sylvester B.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Myrtillin is a pigment found abundantly in a variety of fruits and vegetables. As an anthocyanin compound, myrtillin exhibits antioxidant properties that can potentially counteract oxidative damage.

OBJECTIVE:

In this study, we focus on investigating the protective effects of myrtillin on Caenorhabditis
elegans against pathogen-induced oxidative damage. Specifically, we explore the impact of myrtillin on the lifespan of C. elegans when exposed to different pathogens, namely Staphylococcus
aureus, Enterococcus
faecalis, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, and Proteus
mirabilis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

To conduct our experiments, C. elegans were administered varying concentrations of myrtillin and subsequently infected with each of the aforementioned pathogens. The nematodes’ lifespan was carefully monitored under these conditions. We also docked the three-dimensional structure of myrtillin to the crystal structure of different bacterial proteins. We visualized the crystal-docked structures with the lowest binding energy.

RESULTS:

Our findings revealed a significant increase in the lifespan of C. elegans when exposed to S. aureus, E. faecalis, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis (P ≤ 0.05). It is worth noting that the effectiveness of myrtillin in extending lifespan varied among these pathogens. Notably, we observed that myrtillin exhibited low binding energies toward specific bacterial proteins, namely filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z of S. aureus and NAD+-dependent DNA ligase of E. faecalis. These interactions involved a combination of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. In addition, myrtillin demonstrated the lowest binding energy with SHV-2 of K. pneumoniae and amidohydrolase of P. mirabilis, characterized by a higher number of hydrogen bonds.

CONCLUSION:

Based on our observations, we speculate that myrtillin possesses an additional protective mechanism against a range of pathogens, ultimately leading to an extended lifespan in C. elegans. This suggests the potential of myrtillin as a beneficial compound with diverse protective properties against various pathogens. Further research is required to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying myrtillin’s effects and its potential application in promoting health and longevity.
Examination of the Newborn Baby According to Ayurveda and Modern Science
Authors: Patole Lalita Nivrutti , Hend Apoorwa Kishor
Published: September 2024

Neonatal examination is important to become aware of any anomaly and delivery harm which may have were given missed out at in advance examination and to educate the mom about care of recent born at home. Care of new born right from simply after delivery till the primary feeding has been described by way of three predominant treatise of Ayurveda, the Brihattrayi it consists of Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Astanga Hridaya. The steps covered in neonatal care or Naviata Shishu Paricharya are Prana pratyagamana (neonatal resuscitation), Ulva Parimarjana (cleaning of the vernix caseosa), Naalchedan (reducing of umbilical cord), Snana (neonatal tub), Mukh vishodhan (cleansing of oral cavity), Garbhodak vamana (clearing of neonate’s belly), Jata karma (beginning ceremony), and Raksha karma (safety of infant). This article provides a crucial look at of the methods blanketed in Navjata Shishu Paricharya revealing their medical relevance and application in ok care of recent born according to Ayurveda in addition to cutting-edge science. The materials had been gathered from the classical Ayurvedic literatures, pediatric textbooks, magazines, and studies journals.
A Review Article of Chickenpox Management Via Ayurveda
Authors: Patole Lalita Nivrutti , Hend Apoorwa Kishor
Published: September 2024

Chickenpox is a viral infection; this is prompted because of varicella-zoster virus. This virus spreads through air or with the aid of direct contact with the infected person. It normally impacts youngsters elderly under 10 years but hardly ever takes place in adults. Chickenpox is specially characterized by the arrival of itchy blisters all over the body. Taking chickenpox vaccine once between 10 and 15 months and once among 4 and 6 years is the satisfactory preventive measure for this ailment. However, even vaccinated children might get recognized with a milder shape of chickenpox. In line with Ayurveda, chickenpox or laghu masurika is brought on because of vitiation of tridoshas (three doshas). Panchakarma (five treatment plans) strategies of vamana (medical emesis) in conjunction with the outside packages of lepa (coating the affected body component with medications) the use of herbs like nimba (neem) are used for the treatment of chickenpox. Herbs like yashtimadhu (mulethi), guduchi (coronary heart-leaved moonseed), haridra (turmeric) and manjishtha (Indian madder) are given as blood-purifying agents to clean the infection from body. Setting apart the affected character, retaining a easy surroundings and the usage of sterile clothes and objects additionally improves recuperation and forestalls the spread of chickenpox.
COVID-Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions: A Pilot Model for Student-led, Low-cost, High-Impact International Collaborative Research
Authors: Bain Luchuo Engelbert , Tembo John , Nkongho Franklyn , Achidi Eric , Edoa Jean Ronald , Mbewe Nyuma , Lutete Gaston Tona , Kahunu Gauthier Mesia , Akim Ayola , Bates Matthew ,   The COVID-KAP Consortium
Published: September 2024

For many university academics there is a continuous challenge to balance research activities with routine teaching or clinical duties, the latter of which often provide the core funding that supports our positions. Research funding for some academics is erratic, leaving un-funded gaps that need to be plugged by meaningful research and scholarship. There is also the notion of the ‘student as producer’, which emphasises that benefits for students (at all levels) to be involved in research or other purposeful activity (product development, publications, art works, music, etc…). Here we describe the rationale for, and the design, of a novel student-led multi-national project which can be implement with minimal resources. The purpose of the COVID-KAP study is to compare the COVID-knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) of healthcare workers and lay persons, between rural and urban communities. This project will pilot a novel model for student-led, low-cost, high-impact international collaborative research. Whilst this individual study is focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, this novel student-led approach could be adoptable in many research fields, including but not limited to biomedical and bioveterinary research, pilot clinical trials, psychology, social science, and many other disciplines.
Association Between Atorvastatin Exposure and Low Folate Status
Authors: Lozano Roberto , Apesteguía Irati , Martínez Alejandro
Published: September 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study is to assess the association between exposure to atorvastatin (ATV) and low-plasma folate (PF) status.

Methods:

The sample consisted of patients admitted to the internal medicine service of a basic general hospital, located in Zaragoza (Spain). We adopted a pharmacoepidemiological case–control study design. For this, the number of treatment days (TDs) of all the drugs part of their treatment during the study period was obtained from each patient in the sample. The cases were comprised by the number of patient's TDs for which PF ≤3 mg/dl and the controls by the number of patient's TDs for which PF >3 mg/dl. To measure the strength of the association, the odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. The Chi-square test, using the Bonferroni correction, was used to calculate the statistical significance.

Findings:

The sample consisted of 640 polymedicated patients. The mean PF obtained were 8.0 ± 4.6 mg/dl and 2.1 ± 0.6 mg/dl, for the cases and controls, respectively; the total number of TDs for the cases and controls were 7615 and 57899, respectively. We obtained a U-shaped curve when representing the dose of ATV against the corresponding ORs when comparing cases with control.

Conclusion:

Exposure to ATV at 10 or 80 mg is associated with an augmented risk of low folate status. We recommend implementing guidelines for mandatory folic acid fortification in patients exposed to ATV doses of 10 or 80 mg.
Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Lipid Profile, Anemia, and Inflammation Indices in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Assarzadeh Samaneh , Vahdat Sahar , Seirafian Shiva , Pourfarzam Morteza , Badri Shirinsadat
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Trace elements deficiency is common among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients due to excessive loss during dialysis and the lower intake secondary to loss of appetite. Selenium (Se) is a trace element that plays an important role in the radical scavenging system and helps the body defend against oxidative stress. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Se supplementation on lipid profile, anemia, and inflammation indices in ESRD patients.

Methods:

Fifty-nine hemodialysis patients enrolled and were randomly divided into two groups. Two hundred microgram Se capsules once daily for the case group and matching placebo for the control group were administered for three months. Demographic data were collected at the study beginning. Uric acid (UA), anemia and inflammation indices, and lipid profiles were recorded at the beginning and the end of the study.

Findings:

UA and UA-to-HDL (high-density lipoprotein) ratio decreased significantly in the case group (P < 0.001). The changes in lipid profile were not significant among both groups. Hemoglobin slightly increased in the case group, however, it decreased significantly in the control group (P = 0.031). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) decreased in the case group and increased in the control group, however, none of these changes were significant.

Conclusion:

According to the results of this study, selenium supplementation in ESRD patients could reduce some risk factors related to their mortality, such as the ratio of uric acid to HDL. However, the changes related to lipid profile, hemoglobin level and hs-CRP biomarker were not significant.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Herbal Formulation of Boswellia sacra Flueck. In Improving Cognitive and Behavioral Symptoms in Patients with Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Panahishokouh Mahsa , Noroozian Maryam , Mohammadian Fatemeh , Khanavi Mahnaz , Mirimoghaddam Mahnaz , Savar Seyed Mehrdad , Nikoosokhan Maryam , Honarmand Hooshyar , Mohebbi Niayesh
Published: September 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of an herbal formulation based on Boswellia sacra in improving cognitive and behavioral symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild-to-moderate stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods:

A 3-month, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial was implemented from October 2021 to April 2022. Patients with MCI and mild-to-moderate stages of AD aged above 50 years (n = 60; 40 women, 20 men) enrolled in the study using clinical diagnosis and a score of 10–30 on the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) test. They were assigned into two groups; one receiving a herbal formulation) include B. sacra, Melissa officinalis, Piper longum, Cinnamomum verum, and Physalis alkekengi) three times a day and the other receiving a placebo for 3 months. The main efficacy measures were the changes in cognitive domains based on the MMSE and changes in behavioral and psychiatric symptoms based on neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) scores compared with baseline. Side effects were also recorded.

Findings:

Results of this study showed significant differences between the two groups after 3 months in terms of all the assessed variables, including the overall result of the mean score of MMSE and NPI tests (P ≤ 0.001). The herbal formulation had the most considerable effects on the domains of orientation, attention, working memory, delay recall, and language of the MMSE test.

Conclusion:

Herbal formulation based on B. sacra was significantly effective compared to a placebo in improving cognitive and behavioral symptoms in patients with MCI and mild-to-moderate AD.
The Efficacy of an Oral Formulation of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Viola odorata, and Operculina turpethum as an Add-on Therapy for Mild-to-moderate Childhood Asthma
Authors: Rabbani Faezeh , Raeisi Mohsen , Keivanfar Majid , Saffaei Ali , Sabzghabaee Ali Mohammad
Published: September 2024

Objective:

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an oral combined tablet of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Viola odorata, and Operculina turpethum (Anti-Asthma®) as an add-on therapy for the relief of the severity of symptoms in mild-to-moderate childhood asthma.

Methods:

This randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 children and adolescents with chronic mild-to-moderate childhood asthma. Patients were randomly divided into cases who received Anti-Asthma® oral combined tablets 2 tablets twice dailt for 1 month and controls, received placebo tablets identically the same to Anti-Asthma® (2 tablets, twice daily, for 1 month) as add-ons to their standard therapy according to the guideline. The severity and frequency of cough attacks and shortness of breath, respiratory test indices (based on spirometry), and the extent of disease control and treatment adherence were measured clinically by validated questionnaires at the beginning and after the study.

Findings:

Respiratory test indices improved and the severity of activity restriction decreased significantly in the cases compared to the controls However, the mean difference before and after the study was significantly different between the cases and controls only for the number and severity of coughs and the severity of activity restriction. In the scores of the Asthma Control Questionnaire, the cases group had a significant improvement compared to the controls.

Conclusion:

Anti-Asthma® oral formulation may be effective as an adjunct add-on treatment in the maintenance therapy of mild-to-moderate childhood asthma.
Efficacy of Lacosamide Add-on Therapy on Refractory Focal Epilepsies in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Mohammadi Tayebeh , Nasiri Jafar , Ghazavi Mohammad Reza , Yaghini Omid , Hoseini Neda
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects 0.5%–1% of children. 30%–40% of patients are resistant to current anti-epileptic drugs. Lacosamide (LCM) appeared to be effective, safe, and well tolerated in children and adolescents. This study was aimed to evaluate whether LCM could be an effective add-on therapy in children with refractory focal epilepsies.

Methods:

This study was conducted from April 2020 to April 2021 in Imam Hossein Children Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. We included 44 children aged 6 months to 16 years with refractory focal epilepsy (based on International League Against Epilepsy criteria). LCM was given in divided doses of 2 mg/kg/day, increasing by 2 mg/kg every week. The first follow-up visit was 6 weeks later, when all patients had reached the therapeutic dose.

Findings:

The average age of the patients was 89.9 months. 72.5% of children had focal motor seizures. Evaluation of percent change in seizure frequency and duration before and after treatment showed a 53.22% reduction in seizure frequency and 43.72% reduction in seizure duration after treatment. Our study group tolerated LCM well, with few side effects. Headache, dizziness, and nausea were common side effects. In line with other studies, none of the suspected risk factors could predict response to LCM treatment.

Conclusion:

LCM appears to be an effective, safe, and well-tolerated medication in children with uncontrolled drug-resistant focal epilepsy.
The Protective Effect of Melatonin on Diazepam-induced Genotoxicity in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Using Micronucleus Assay
Authors: Soufi Bahar R. , Evazalipour Mehdi , Motavallian Azadeh , Chakosari Mojtaba H. , Zamani Ehsan
Published: September 2024

Background:

Diazepam belongs to the benzodiazepine family of drugs and is mainly used for anxiety, muscle spasms, seizures, and insomnia. Long-term diazepam administration can cause genotoxicity, and oxidative stress is a likely molecular mechanism involved.

Objectives:

In this study, the benefits of melatonin against diazepam-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity were investigated.

Materials and Methods:

Cultured peripheral lymphocytes were allocated to five groups: control, diazepam (100 μg/mL), melatonin (50 and 100 μM) with diazepam and cisplatin (0.05 μg/mL). After harvesting and preparing slides, the incidence of micronuclei (MN) was observed as a marker of genotoxicity. Then, in order to measure oxidative stress parameters, contents of glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined.

Results:

Results documented increased MN and LPO and decrease in GSH levels in diazepam-administered lymphocytes versus those of the control group. When melatonin was given to diazepam-administered lymphocytes, they almost attenuated the increase of MN and LPO and restored the levels of GSH.

Conclusion:

Results showed that diazepam seems to induce genotoxicity in cultured human lymphocytes and oxidative stress plays an important role in it. Furthermore, it is concluded that melatonin efficiently protects against genotoxicity through its anti-oxidative effects.
Chronic Antidepressant Use
Authors: Bariweni Moses W. , Oboma Yibala I. , Samuel Ebibodo
Published: September 2024

Background:

Chronic use of antidepressant drugs often results in drug-induced organ damage, which is mostly undetected and under-reported. The study aimed at evaluating the effect of selected antidepressants on organs and blood cell counts in adult albino rats.

Materials and Methods:

Adult rats were divided into four groups (n = 5): Group 1 (5 mL/kg of body weight/day normal saline), Group 2 (1 mg/kg of body weight/day risperidone), Group 3 (5 mg/kg of body weight/day fluoxetine), and Group 4 (15 mg/kg of body weight/day imipramine) for 14 days. The animals experienced different stressors during the treatment period to simulate physiological state of depression. On the 14th day, the animals were exposed to the forced swimming test 1 h after the respective treatments. On the 15th day, the animals were sacrificed under halothane anesthesia. Blood sample was collected. Liver and kidney were excised for histological examination. Results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

Results:

Kidney histology was normal for all groups. Risperidone-exposed rats presented with hepatotoxicity with areas of zonal necrosis and partial central vein congestion. Neutrophil (%) was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in all treatment groups when compared with controls. White blood cell count was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the imipramine and risperidone treatment groups but significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in the fluoxetine treatment group when compared with controls. Also, the platelet count was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the fluoxetine group but decreased in imipramine-and risperidone-treated groups.

Conclusion:

Chronic antidepressant use can cause changes in blood cell counts and drug-induced organ damage; hence, frequent organ function tests and blood count are required in patients undergoing chronic antidepressant therapy.
Intensification of the Extraction Process of Flavonoids and Hydroxycinnamic Acids from Tanacetum vulgare L. Flowers
Authors: Herbina Nataliia , Ruban Olena , Andryushayev Oleksiy , Hohlova Larisa
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose:

It has been shown that taking into account the polyvalence of action, tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) is a promising raw material for obtaining substances based on it as active pharmaceutical ingredients for the development of new potential herbal medicinal products.

Materials and Methods:

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has been considered as one of the promising methods to optimize the technology of extracting biologically active substances (BAS) from T. vulgare flowers.

Results:

The advantages of the method, the mechanism of ultrasound action on plant cells, and the main factors affecting this process are indicated.

Conclusion:

The optimal technological parameters that allow the extraction of flavonoids calculated with reference to luteolin and hydroxycinnamic acids calculated with reference to chlorogenic acid in the maximum amount, namely, the raw material and extractant ratio, time, and the extraction frequency, have been determined. The high efficiency of UAE has been proven.
Physical and Chemical Fermentation Conditions Affect the Growth and Metabolite Production of Endophytic Fungi Athelia rolfsii
Authors: Suharsanti Ririn , Wahyuono Subagus , Astuti Puji
Published: September 2024

Background:

The effort to explore antimicrobial agents isolated from an endophytic fungus of Coleus amboinicus resulted in the finding of a potential aromatic compound having methoxy, hydroxyl, and methyl groups produced by Athelia rolfsii. This compound exhibited antibacterial activities with IC50 values of <2 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study was aimed to determine the effect of varying fermentation conditions (types of media, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperature, and pH) on biomass, total metabolites, and bioactive compound production.

Materials and Methods:

The fungal cultures were subjected to various treatment conditions and incubated for 12 days at 25°C 160 rpm followed by analyzing the biomass, metabolite, and bioactive compound production.

Results and Conclusion:

The study found that although the maximum total metabolite production was achieved in the Tryptic Soy Broth medium, both biomass and bioactive compound production accumulated at the highest amount in Potato Dextrose Broth and Sabouraud Dextrose Broth media. Adding 1% of different types of carbon sources did not significantly enhance biomass, total metabolite, and bioactive compound production. Three types of organic nitrogen sources used in this study did not significantly affect biomass and total metabolite production, but adding peptone produced the highest amount of bioactive compound. Supplementing inorganic source of nitrogen to the culture medium decreased the production. While pH 5.5 was found to be the optimum condition for total metabolite production, pH 6–7 resulted in higher productivity of the bioactive compound. The total metabolite production was best produced at 25°C, whereas higher temperatures were needed to get optimum bioactive and biomass production. This study found that the total metabolite production was 7.8 times higher when the culture was grown in PDB medium supplemented with 1% sucrose and 1% peptone and incubated at 27°C at pH 6.5; whereas a 15% increase was observed in the bioactive compound production.
Potential of the Triad of Fatty Acids, Polyphenols, and Prebiotics from Cucurbita against COVID-19 in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Alzahrani Qushmua E. , Gillis Richard B. , Harding Stephen E. , Pinto Luciano Henrique , Gulati Monica , Kapoor Bhupinder , Rani Pooja , Singh Sachin Kumar , Adams Gary G.
Published: September 2024

Though the scientific community of the entire world has been struggling to create preventive and therapeutic drugs for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the role of nutraceuticals has been hitherto neglected. Established role of fatty acids and polyphenols in combating lifestyle disease can be harnessed to play a significant role in the prevention of this disease. The synergistic effect of these phytonutrients and prebiotics is anticipated to prove beneficial for prevention as well as attenuation of COVID-19 infection. Presence of fatty acids, polyphenols and prebiotics in vegetables from the Cucurbitaceae family makes them an attractive choice for being used as a nutritional supplement during COVID-19. These are known to attenuate the excessive immune response which may prove to be beneficial in preventing and mitigating COVID-19. Use of prebiotics to promote the growth of probiotics has also been recommended for the prevention and cure of COVID-19. However, no such report exists in literature that throws light on such role of cucurbita plants. The present review focuses on the role of the triad of fatty acids, prebiotics and polyphenols present in cucurbita plants in controlling systemic inflammation and endothelial damage, the two main etiopathological factors involved in COVID-19. Cucurbita plants are rich in all these components and their inclusion in diet would be an effective strategy to combat COVID-19. The main focus of the review is to discuss the role of various components of the plants of Cucurbita family, taken as dietary component, in prevention and control of the ongoing pandemic COVID19.
Potential Therapeutic Effects of Falcaria vulgaris Bernh
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Farzaei Mohammad Hussein , morovati Mohammad Reza , Foroughini Azadeh
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Falcaria vulgaris Bernh (FV) is a plant of the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family, which is known as Ghaziaghi in the Iranian Azeri language and Paghaza in the west of Iran. This plant is usually consumed in spring as a local vegetable and food. FV is recommended by traditional medicine resources for the treatment of skin diseases, gastrointestinal complaints, liver disease, blood purification, and increasing breast milk. The presence of tannins and saponins and the absence of flavonoids and terpenoids have been shown in FV. As various significant properties and special characteristics of FV have been expressed in numerous studies, this study aimed to collect documents and summarize and classify the properties of this plant through a systematic review method.

Materials and Methods:

We extracted 304 articles by searching electronic databases using the following keywords: “Paghazeh,” “Ghaziaghi,” “Falcaria vulgaris Bernh,” and “qazayagi.” Then, after eliminating duplicates and unrelated studies, finally, 19 studies were entered into a systematic review.

Results:

Significant therapeutic effects have been reported for FV through studies investigating the medicinal properties of the plant, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic effects, healing properties of skin and stomach ulcers, and protection of the liver and kidney. Most of these effects are related to antioxidant content and the presence of tannins and saponins in the plant.

Conclusion:

FV has significant effects on treatment of various diseases in animal studies and can be concluded in human clinical trials.
The Prevalence of Substance Abuse among Elective Surgical Inpatients in Teaching Hospitals in Kerman, Iran
Authors: Sepehri Gholamreza , Khaksari Mohammad , Vafadar Sara , Satari Hossein
Published: September 2024

Background:

Opioid abuse prior to hospitalization in patients undergoing surgical procedures is associated with challenges in pain management, determining anesthetic dose, and providing nursing care. This study aimed to evaluate opioid abuse/dependence in hospitalized patients undergoing major elective surgery.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 1000 patients who were candidates for major elective surgery were assessed for demographic characteristics, perioperative and postoperative pain management, type and route of opioid abuse, and the current use of other abused substances.

Results:

Substance abuse was observed in 34% of surgical inpatients. The mean duration of substance abuse was 4.3 ± 1.9 years. Opioids were the most frequently abused substances (67.9%), followed by naswar (16.4%) and marijuana (8.5%). The inhalation route (60%) was the most common route for opioid use, followed by injection (29.4%) and oral route (10.6%). The prevalence of opioid abuse in females (54.6%) was significantly higher than males (45.4%), (P = 0.032, odd ratio =1.18, 95% CI = 1.03 -1.42). Low education level was associated with a higher rate of substance abuse (P = 0.042, Odd ratio=1.39, 95% CI = 1.14 -1.64), but there was no significant correlation between sex, education level, and substance abuse type. Overall, opioid abuse and dependence were associated with at least a 30% increase in the need for opioid analgesics to relieve postoperative pain. No opioid withdrawal signs were recorded in opioid-abusing patients.

Conclusion:

The results showed substance/drug abuse in more than one-third of surgical inpatients (34%) and a higher rate of drug abuse in women, which was an unexpected finding. Opioid abuse was significantly associated with education level. Opioid-dependent patients received higher doses of opioids during postoperative periods. Since opioid abuse can affect both preoperative and postoperative surgical and nursing health professionals, especially nurses, need continued medical education and professional support in caring for these individuals.
Possible Targets Related to Connexins and Ceramides in the Treatment of Depression Using a Combination Approach
Authors: Avatade Amit B. , Kale Pravin P. , Todkar Sachin S.
Published: September 2024

The novel targets considered in the recent research related to the treatment of depression include connexins, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), ω-3 fatty acids, ceramides, and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). The major associated brain parts considered include hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal gland (HPA) axis in psychiatric disorders. The present review has proposed hypotheses such as combining PPAR (α/γ) agonist with noradrenaline dopamine reuptake inhibitor, gap junction channel modulator/hemichannel inhibitor with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist like ketamine, ω-3 fatty acids derivatives like resolvin with tricyclic antidepressant like amineptine, RAAS-modifying drugs with serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, ceramide synthase inhibitor/acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor with doxepin, and HPA axis-modifying drugs with bupropion. Further assessment of these combination approaches may help in availing better therapeutic options in the treatment of depression.
The Therapeutic Effect of Methanolic Extract Bryonia dioica Jacq. in a Female Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Tahvilian Reza , Gravandi Mohammad Mehdi , Noori Tayebeh , Papzan Abdulhamid , Jamshidi Nasim , Iranpanah Amin , Moradi Afsaneh , Shirooie Samira
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases that affects 5%–10% of women of childbearing age. Several factors contribute to the development of PCOS such as dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis and ovarian function, as well as increased insulin levels. The manifestations of the disorder include a wide range of symptoms, including menstrual disorders, acne, infertility, and increased body fat. Currently, the most well-known treatments for PCOS are clomiphene, metformin, letrozole, and tamoxifen. Due to their side effects, the identification of substitute drugs is essential. One of the traditional medicines, which is usually used in different parts of the world, particularly in Western Europe, is Bryonia dioica Jacq. (B. dioica). This plant is used in the treatment of disease due to its active ingredients like polyphenols.

Materials and Methods:

Induction PCOS in a female rat (3 weeks old) was performed through subcutaneous injection of testosterone enanthate (1 mg/100g) daily for 35 days. The effects of B. dioica (30 and 60 mg/kg) root methanolic extract on PCOS-induced was evaluated after 28-day treatment. On the last day, the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), glucose, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone and histological studies (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] staining) were measured.

Results:

Results showed that FSH and LH levels (P < 0.05) as well as glucose (P < 0.001) in the B. dioica groups normalized significantly compared to the PCOS group. LDL levels decreased in rats and the LDL/HDL ratio decreased in all treatment groups. In histologic assay, metformin and B. dioica restricted the effects of testosterone in the ovaries of rats.

Conclusion:

The data indicate that methanolic extract of B. dioica recovers hormonal factors in PCOS.
Active Fractions of Dichloromethane Extract of Artemisia turanica Inhibit Proliferation of HeLa and KB Cell Lines Via Apoptosis Induction
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Leila , Mojarrab Mahdi , Hajmomeni Pouria , Hajialiani Marzieh
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Artemisia is an important genus of Iranian flora. The current study on the aerial parts of A. turanica was conducted to determine the most potent extract and its fractions in the cytotoxic assays.

Materials and Methods:

The cytotoxic effects of 13 fractions (1–13) from dichloromethane extract on three cancer cell lines (KB, HeLa, and U87MG) were assessed. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of more potent cytotoxic fractions was carried out using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and different spray reagents.

Results:

Dichloromethane extract showed the best bioactivity against cancerous cell lines. Fractions 4, 6, 7, and 9 of this extract had potential effective components in the inhibition of the proliferation of KB cancer cells. In addition, fractions 4 and 6 were able to inhibit the growth of HeLa cell line. The active fractions decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential level, and played a critical role in caspase-3 and 9 activation and generation of reactive oxygen species. The cytotoxic activity of these fractions was found to be not significant toward U87MG cells. TLC analysis suggested the probable presence of terpenoids as the main component of most of the selected fractions.

Conclusion:

The species is suggested as the potential source of cytotoxic phytochemicals.
Development and Evaluation of Talisapatradi and Vyoshadi Choorna Lozenges
Authors: Sahoo Manas R. , Srinivasan Umashankar M. , Varier Ramesh R.
Published: September 2024

In Ayurveda, Talisapatradi choorna (TPC) and Vyoshadi choorna (VSC) are commonly used medicines for cough, cold, asthma, and rhinitis. These symptoms are due to upper respiratory infections of predominantly of viral origin. Currently, there are no effective medicines except indiscriminate uses of antibiotics, local anesthetics, and pain killers. The conventional formulation of TPC and VSC is difficult to administer so an easy manufacturing lozenge formulation was developed. The phytochemical analysis was done by preliminary thin layer chromatography (TLC) derivatization studies. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis confirmed the presence of herbal actives in the lozenge formulations. The TLC analysis results showed that TPC and VSC contain phytochemicals of flavonoids, steroids and phytosterols, and alkaloids family. The herbal actives were found to be stable in the final formulation without any interference with the excipients used in the formulation. The lozenges formulated from TPC and VSC are found to be promising alternatives to traditional form for the traditional Ayurvedic preparation. Compatibility study was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and HPTLC study.
Wound-related Pain and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Wounds in a Metropolitan City in Nigeria: An Analytic Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Olawoye Olayinka Adebanji , Isamah Chinsunum Peace , Ademola Samuel Adesina , Iyun Ayodele Olukayode , Michael Afieharo Igbibia , Aderibigbe Rotimi Opeyemi , Oluwatosin Odunayo Moronfoluwa
Published: September 2024

Background:

The prevalence of chronic wounds is expected to rise with the increasing elderly population in the society. This rise in prevalence of chronic wounds comes with its consequences such as wound pain and interference with activities of daily living. There’s a paucity of data on the impact of chronic wounds in our clime.

Objective:

This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of wound-related pain and the impact of wound-related pain on the quality of life of patients with chronic wounds.

Materials and Methods:

This was an analytic cross-sectional study of consecutive patients presenting with chronic wounds in plastic surgery clinic in a metropolitan city in Nigeria using the brief pain inventory-short form.

Result:

About 371 patients were seen, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1. The mean age was 37.1 ± 15.5 years. Most chronic wounds (72.2%) occurred in the lower limbs. Nearly all patients (92.9%) experienced wound pain, with a correlation between wound location and pain severity, P = 0.000. Over 50% of the patients had low wound-related quality of life. Enjoyment of life, general activity, and walking were the domains with high interference. Wound pain (P = 0.000) and wound location (P = 0.001) are significant determinants of poor wound-related quality of life.

Conclusion:

Patients with chronic wounds have a high prevalence of wound-related pain and low wound-related quality of life.