bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Attitude of Hawthorne Toward Science Compared with the Attitudes of Rousseau, Wordsworth, Goethe, and Poe
Authors:   , Chipman Doris
Published: February 2023

A comparative study of the references to science in the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne and those of Jean Jacques Rousseau, William Wordsworth, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and Edgar Allan Poe revealed Hawthorne’s attitude toward science and scientists was similar to that of these Romantic writers. The popular attitude toward science during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries had an effect on the portrayal of science in the writings of the period. Although the Romantics, like others of their time, hoped science would lead to an improved life for man, they were skeptical of the disastrous effects of new scientific discoveries. Hawthorne shared the Romantics dislike for science meddling with nature and destroying nature’s beauties and causing evil. Science was also accused of destroying man’s individuality and of destroying man’s love of beauty. According to Hawthorne and the other Romantics, by delving deeply into the study of science, scientists became so absorbed in their work that they lost their love for humanity. No sacrifice, not even a loved one’s life, was too great if it would add to the store of scientific knowledge. The Romantics did not portray all scientists as cold, inhuman monsters, but implied that even those with good intentions harmed mankind through errors resulting from too little knowledge. Research for this paper was largely confined to the works and autobiographical material of each of the five writers. Biographies and critical analyses of these authors’ works were helpful for interpretation and background material.
The Identification of Major Earth Science Principles Common to Biology, Chemistry and Physics
Authors:   , Dryer William
Published: February 2023

The problem of this study is an attempt to identify those major concepts or principles of earth science that relate to secondary school biology, chemistry, and physics. An apparent relationship between earth science and the other secondary school sciences based upon similarity of major concepts is, in the opinion of the writer, believed to indicate the feasibility of teaching earth science at the ninth grade level. A list of earth science principles was evaluated to select only those principles which appeared to have some relationship to the other sciences. The list of earth science principles that was selected for this study was published in Science education by L.T. Oaldwell in April of 1955. An examination of courses of study in high school science subjects published by Departments of Education in nearby states was undertaken to obtain additional earth science principles. No such Principles were found in these publications. The final phase of the study was an attempt to identify principles of the earth sciences which relate to the other traditional high school science courses: biology, chemistry and physics. Eleven earth science principles were selected that appeared to have good relationship with major concepts of the other sciences. These eleven earth science principles were then compared to, and appeared to relate favorably with, the six conceptual themes of the Earth Science Curriculum project. In the opinion of the writer, the eleven selected earth science principles that relate to secondary school biology, chemistry and physics are worthy of consideration by the prospective ninth grade earth science teacher who desires that students gain favorable conceptual understanding in the sciences.
Premonition
Authors:   , Terrill Robert
Published: February 2023

What is it that allows an object to be designated a “work of art?” Is it the use of color, shape, or line? Perhaps it is the artist’s skill, concept, or simply the media itself. In my own work, I rely on the elements of Aesthetics composition, and the use of personal expression, including a subtle capacity for a hidden message combined with the individual interpretations on the part of the viewer.
A Rhetorical Analysis of Senator Chester I. Long's Emporia Speech
Authors:   , Awtrey Conrad
Published: February 2023

This study was concerned with the techniques by which Senator Long endeavored to gain acceptance by an unsympathetic audience. To achieve this, the speech text was consulted to determine the speaker's use of invention, arrangement, style, and delivery. This was done in the light of historical findings as well as the immediate speech setting. The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate Senator Long's methods of using the above four canons, and to render some judgment of the effectiveness of the speech by considering also its immediate and delayed effects.
Nclex-Rn Predictors for Success
Authors:   , Zeller Priscilla
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate predictors for student success on the National Council's Licensure Examination for the Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN). Predictors selected for examination were the General Educational Development (GED) diploma, a traditional high school diploma, National League for Nursing (NLN) Maternal-Child examination scores, and final grades in Anatomy and Physiology I. A convenience sample of records from nursing students graduating from a small associate degree nursing program in a Midwestern state in 1994-1997 was utilized. Using descriptive analysis as well as inferential statistics, comparisons and correlations were made between the predictor independent variables and the criterion dependent variable of NCLEX-RN success. NLN Maternal-Child examination percentile results were found to be a significant variable addressed in this investigation. A significant correlation (r = -.356, n = 123, p = .01) was found between NLN Maternal-Child percentile scores and NCLEX-RN results. Note the correlation is negative because as the NLN Maternal-Child percentile scores increased there were more reported passes on the NCLEX-RN (pass=l and fail=2). Secondly, a statistically significant greater number X2 (1, N = 126) = 7.450, p = .006 of students who initially passed Anatomy and Physiology I passed NCLEX-RN than those who did not pass Anatomy and Physiology I on the first endeavor. Finally, more nursing graduates with GED's (n=5) failed the NCLEX-RN than did nursing graduates who began nursing school with a traditional high school diploma (n=15). The difference between passing NCLEX-RN in the group with a traditional high school diploma and the students with GED's was not statistically significant, X2 (1, N = 126) = 1.827, p .177. Results from this investigation may be used in several ways. Nursing educators can direct entrance criteria and select students who are most likely to succeed in nursing. They may choose to make a passing grade in Anatomy and Physiology a prerequisite for entering a nursing program. As indicated in the literature review, educators can look at GED holders and older students with traditional high school diplomas and target them as being at high risk for failure in an attempt to implement early remedial interventions for them. Students who score highly on the NLN Maternal-Child examination may be selected as mentors for other students and as study group leaders.
A Study of Dynamic Assessment of Narrative Skills in Bilingual Hispanic Children
Authors:   , Essmiller Roshawna
Published: February 2023

The term dynamic assessment (DA) has been used to describe several types of informal diagnostic procedures that allow examiners to observe the changes in an individual’s performance over a period of time. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of using a test-teach retest dynamic assessment delivered in English as a way to help bilingual first-graders improve their posttest narrative performance in Spanish and English in terms of mean length of T-unit (MLTU) in words, index of subordination, number of causal connections and descriptions of characters’ internal responses. The participants in this study were five Hispanic bilingual first-graders who had been independently identified as Limited English Speaking (LES). The performance of three of the students was observed during a DA of their narrative skills in both Spanish and English. The goal of the intervention instruction was to improve the students’ posttest narrative performance by encouraging the students to sue subordinate clauses beginning with the word because in their utterances. Pre- and posttest narratives were collected for the remaining two students who served as nontreatment subjects and received no instruction during the intervention phase. The three treatment subjects in this study showed differing amounts of change between their pre- and posttest performance in terms of the variables measured. There was a trend toward improvement on the part of all the treatment subjects, since each of them demonstrated ability to independently create meaningful sentences including subordinate clauses beginning with the word because during the DA intervention context. Changes in MLTU, index of subordination and because-clause use did tend to coincide for all of the subjects. The results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of test-intervention-retest dynamic assessment as a nonstandardized means of observing the narrative skills of bilingual first- graders in speaking contexts requiring various levels of independence on the part of the subjects.
Hypnotic Susceptibility as a Function of Sensory Isolation
Authors:   , Fremont Theodore
Published: February 2023

This investigation studied the effects of sensory deprivation on hypnotic susceptibility. Two groups, a control group of 8 subjects and an experimental group of 8 subjects, were utilized. The experimental and control group were tested for hypnotic susceptibility. Later the experimental group was placed under isolation and re-tested for hypnotic susceptibility. The control group was also re-tested. It was found that the sensory deprivation significantly augmented hypnotic susceptibility scores.
The Frequency of Occurrence of Five Factors Which Tend To Interfere With The Home Training of Pre-Kindergarten Mentally Handicapped Trainable Children
Authors:   , Munderloh Herbert
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to ascertain how frequently five factors, which tend to interfere with the hone training of pre-kindergarten mentally handicapped trainable children occur. The five factors were: (1) the unrealistic search for medical or surgical cure, (2) the unawareness of the retarded child's trainability, (3) the interference with training on the part of relatives, neighbors, friends, and neighborhood children, (4) the emotional involvement of the parents with their retarded children, and (5) indifference to the need for training the child. In order to obtain this information the following procedure was adopted: 1. The parents of fifteen trainable mentally retarded children, who were born between the beginning of 1935 and the end of 1945 and who are now resident at Winfield State Training School, were selected as subjects for this study. Only parents who had kept their children in the home for a sufficiently long period of time to have had an opportunity to train them were selected. 2. Information was obtained by collecting all pertinent data found in the case files of Winfield State Training School and be face to face interviews with the parents. The findings indicated that the parents were not able to give their retarded children proper home training principally because there were no sources of helpful information available to them. In comparison with this fact the other factors studied played secondary roles in interfering with the home training of these children. In view of these findings provisions for early recognition and accurate diagnosis of all retarded children should be made and some workable plan to give the parents regular and continued professional guidance in the training of their retarded children should be initiated.
A Comparison of the Reproductive Efficiency of Second-Year and After-Second-Year Male Northern Orioles (Icterus Galbula) near Hays, Ellis County, Kansas
Authors:   , Labedz Thomas
Published: February 2023

The relative success of nesting pairs of the Northern Oriole (lcterus galbula) with second-year (SYM) and after-second-year (ASYM) males was investigated on a 120- hectare area near Hays, Ellis County, Kansas during 1981 and 1982. Clutch size, fledging success, and fledging period were examined. Sixty-one nests studied had an overall success rate of 93.1%, with 83.3% for SYM nests and 95.6% for ASYM nests. Nests with SY males had significantly smaller clutch sizes (P < 0.01) and significantly fewer fledglings (P < .05). Nests with SY males had a mean clutch size of 2.7 +- 0.52 and fledged 1.6 +- 1.30 nestlings. Nests with ASY males had a mean clutch size of 5.0 +- 0.54 and fledged 3.7 +- 1.16 nestlings. In 01/01/1981 all nestlings fledged in a 19-day period, whereas 27 days were required in 1982. The less synchronous fledging in 1982 probably was due to inclement weather, causing some pairs to renest, and might have increased the success rate of SYM nests somewhat. Nests of SY males did not begin fledging until more than half the ASYM nests had fledged. Other factors discussed include first arrival dates, renesting, predation, cowbird parasitism, territoriality, the role of non-breeding individuals, and the effect of inexperience of first year breeders. Data were insufficient to determine whether SYM nests were more vulnerable than ASYM nests because of these factors.
Alarm-Calling And Response Behaviors Of The Black-Tailed Prairie Dog In Kansas
Authors:   , Towers Lloyd
Published: February 2023

Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) use alarm calls to warn offspring and other kin of predatory threats. Dialects occur when vocalizations contain consistent differences among populations not isolated by geographic barriers. The Gunnison’s prairie dog (C. gunnisoni) has dialects in its alarm calls. The objectives of my study were to: (1) assess if the black-tailed prairie dog (C. ludovicianus) responded differently to alarm calls from other colonies than it did to alarm calls from its own colony, and (2) detect dialects, if they existed, in the alarm calls of the black-tailed prairie dog. The study included 8 black-tailed prairie dog colonies in western and central Kansas. I obtained alarm calls by using a human (Homo sapiens) predator model. Playback experiments were conducted at each study colony by using alarm calls recorded at all 8 colonies. I also compared alarm calls within and among different colonies. The geographic origin of an alarm call did not appear to have an effect on how the black-tailed prairie dog responded to the call. The black-tailed prairie dog might respond to an alarm call regardless of the colony of its origin because: (1) the alarm call encodes information about the predator and (2) my sites might have all been part of a larger historic colony. My data suggested the black-tailed prairie dog did not appear to have dialects in its alarm call. Dialects in the alarm call might not exist because they might not have any adaptive value.
Behavior Change Through Relaxation Training with Kindergarten Children
Authors:   , Kruse Bernard
Published: February 2023

Relaxation training was integrated into the regular education program of 2 rural Kansas communities. The treatment group, totaling 9 Kindergarten students, received 9 training sessions of approximately 15 minutes in length. Physiological indices of relaxation were provided by a hand held finger thermometer. A significant average increase of 1.77 [degrees] in finger temperature from base- line to post-treatment indicates a positive outcome of the procedures. Self-report measures of chronic anxiety were made using the Revised Children’s Mani fest Anxiety Scale. No significant change was obtained following relaxation training. Measurement of the subjects' anxiety-related behavior was made using a combination of three behavior rating scales. A total of 45 items were drawn from the Quay-Peterson Behavior Problem Checklist, Connor's Teacher Rating Scale, and the Davids Rating Scale. These items comprised the two orthogonal factors labeled Hyperactive and Shy-Inept. Children's behavior was assessed in school by the classroom teacher. Teacher reports indicated no significant change in anxiety-related behavior due to the intervention.
Timeout From Variable Time Reinforcement
Authors:   , Thome Stan
Published: February 2023

Four rats were trained on an ascending and descending sequence of response independent variable-time reinforcement schedules ranging from 1-min to 16-min. A single lever press would turn off the stimuli associated with reinforcement and produce a timeout, during which reinforcement was not available. A second lever press would turn on the stimuli associated with reinforcement and reinstate the schedule. Although the performances were variable, several general results were obtained: the percentage of session time spent in timeout usually increased when the variable-time schedule was lengthened and decreased when the schedule was shortened; responses that produced timeouts generally occurred within the first minute after reinforcement on the smaller variable-time schedules, and spreading to the second minute after reinforcement on the larger variable-time schedules; timeout duration generally increased with schedule size, although modal timeout duration was less than 2 sec on all schedule sizes. The timeout responding appeared to be an adjunctive behavior in that it was sensitive to, but not directly controlled by, reinforcement. Stimulus change also appears to be an important determinant of timeout responding.
Prospecting for Coal Bed Uranium in Kansas Through the Use of ArcGIS and Uranium Proxies
Authors:   , Howell Logan
Published: February 2023

The potential implications for the discovery of coal bed uranium in Kansas not only have a significant scientific and human health interest impact, but also a possible future economic one as well. This study sought to look for coal bed uranium within the Cretaceous Dakota Formation located in north-central of Kansas. This study utilized the two coal bed uranium proxies of historic subbituminous coal production and radon, and ArcGIS to produce a field-site selection map. This map was used to pick counties within Kansas to collect samples from. Once samples were collected, they were scanned for radiation using all available settings on two Geiger counter units at Fort Hays State University. Samples collected from all field sites within Cloud, Republic, Jewell, and Pottawatomie counties tested negative for uranium, thorium, and other radioactive materials.
Self-Esteem of Children in Fourth Through Sixth Grades With Working and Non-Working Mothers
Authors:   , York Mary
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations among self-esteem, maternal employment, anxiety, family happiness, family structure, gender, and grade level. The independent variables were maternal employment, anxiety, family happiness, family structure, gender and grade level. The dependent variable was the scores from the Personal Attribute Inventory for Children. The sample consisted of 210 students fourth through sixth grade students from 4 small schools in Western Kansas. Six composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance using three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 23 comparisons were made plus 19 recurring. Of the 23 comparisons, 6 were for main effects. Of the 6 main effects, 4 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The following main effects were statistically significant: 1) family happiness and self-esteem, 2) anxiety and self-esteem, 3) gender and self-esteem, and 4) grade level and self-esteem. Of the 23 comparisons, 17 were for interactions. None of the 17 interactions were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study appear to support the following generalizations: 1) an association between family happiness and self-esteem, 2) an association between anxiety and self-esteem, 3) an association between gender and self-esteem, 4) an association between grade level and self-esteem, 5) no association between family structure and self-esteem, and 6) no association between maternal employment and self-esteem.
A Study of The Summer Remedial Reading Program of The Ellinwood Kansas Elementary School
Authors:   , Huber Manly
Published: February 2023

Beginning in 1949 a remedial summer school session was held in the Ellinwood Elementary School to help the pupils who had failed to advance with their groups or whose achievement was low. This investigation was designed to study the summer school program for the purpose of justifying its continuance or to show the effort to be of insignificant educational value and , therefore, no more than a keep -them-off-the-street plan . Although the summer school -included only the subjects of reading, arithmetic, and spelling, the study was limited to the remedial reading division of the summer of 1949 during which there were thirty-four pupils enrolled in this department. Whatever the findings are, the results shown are applicable to a local situation only and are derived from such a limited study that there is no attempt to generalize.
Illusion, Repetition and Symbolism
Authors:   , Smith Kent
Published: February 2023

My work is similar to many trends that are existant (sic) today. The significance of my work is in the usage and combination of three of these popular trends. The three aspects of my work mainly concentrate on the use of illusion, repetition, and symbolism.
A Survey of Fort Hays Kansas State College Students' Attitudes Towards Three Local Helping Agencies
Authors:   , Clayton Quenton
Published: February 2023

This survey attempted to measure evaluative, cognitive, and predicted behavioral components of the attitudes of Fort Hays Kansas State College students towards the High Plains Comprehensive Community Mental Health Center, the Psychological Service Center at Fort Hays Kansas State College, and The House. Students at Fort Hays Kansas State College served as Ss. The sample (N=307) was stratified by sex, year in school, and major field of study. Significant differences were found between Ss responses to the three facilities with respect to familiarity, reputation, confidentiality, social compatibility, and perceived appropriateness of facilities for specific problems. The House was the facility most familiar to students and its staff was perceived as the most friendly. The Mental Health Center was seen as the most competent and appropriate for serious problems. Ss were relatively unfamiliar with the Psychological Service Center and ranked it least favorable on many items.
Relationship Between Cognitive Development and Social Integration in Students in Transition
Authors:   , Mann Jeanne
Published: February 2023

Literature pertaining to college transition has identified social integration as an important component to persistence decisions (Christie & Dinham, 1991). This study examined the relationship between cognitive development and social integration in college freshmen from the perspective of Personal Construct Theory. In a transitional process, such as entering college for the first time, individuals are faced with a disintegration of their social network. While freshmen are still in a process of cognitive development, they are also in a process of reconstruction. Sixteen students were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of their first semester in college. A high percentage of students in one stage of cognitive development hindered comparisons between groups. The results suggested that most of the students identified more with their peers than with adults regardless of their stage of cognitive development.
Ethologically Derived Components of Assertive Behavior
Authors:   , Allmaras James
Published: February 2023

Social interaction between 18 experimental subjects, who had been dichotomized as either high assertive or low assertive from scores received on the College Self Expression Scale, and 36 non-target subjects, was unobtrusively videotaped. Sixteen observers viewed 20 minutes of social interaction for each experimental subject and recorded the rate and/or duration of six ethologically derived components of assertive or non-assertive behavior. In addition, the experimental subjects were dichotomized on the basis of Overall Assertiveness ratings. The frequency of the dependent measures was more highly related to Overall ratings of assertiveness, with 7 or the 8 behavioral measures differentiating the high and low assertive subject. Subjects dichotomized by the CSES were differentiated by frequency and/or duration of 3 of the eight dependent variables. No differences were observed between male and female subjects for the 5 assertive measures. However, females displayed significantly fewer non-assertive behaviors than males. The results and implications of the present research are discussed.
Depression and its Relationship to Children of Divorced and Intact Families
Authors:   , Beougher Kathryn
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study was to gain information about the effects of divorce on school-aged children. Subjects in the study consisted of thirty-seven children from intact homes and thirty-seven children from divorced homes for a total of seventy-four subjects. The independent variables for the study were the home status of the child (divorced versus intact), gender (male versus female), and grade-level (third grade versus sixth grade). The dependent variable was the subjects’ scores on the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) developed by Maria Kovacs. The results of the study were analyzed using a two by two by two analysis of variance. The results showed that there was not a significant discrepancy in levels of depression between children from intact and divorced homes. A significant discrepancy between boys and girls and their level of depression on the CDI was not found. A 2 way interaction did reveal, however, that third grade boys and sixth grade girls showed higher levels of depression than their counterparts.
Identifying Sexually Abused Adolescents Through the Use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Authors:   , Reid Christy
Published: February 2023

Victims of sexual abuse often suffer from short term or long term effects which inhibit normal emotional, psychological, interpersonal, and behavioral functioning. The development of a reliable instrument which could be used to identify sexual abuse victims could be of valuable use to the clinician in identifying their clients underlying problems. Roland examined the use of the MMPI to identify individuals who suffer from early sexual abuse. Comparison of sexually abused and non-sexually abused adult subject profiles produced a linear function which correctly classified 72.55% of the subjects (Roland et al., 1985). Further work by Roland on the MMPI has identified a set of test items (SESAW) which constitute a separate scale to identify sexually abused adult women. This study investigated the use of the MMPI as a tool to identify 116 sexually abused or non-abused adolescent females ages 13 to 18. The results showed that a discriminant analysis of 80 significant MMPI items correctly classified 93% of the grouped cases (92.6% reporting abuse and 93.5% reporting no abuse). A discriminant analysis of the SESAW items correctly classified 81.55% of the grouped cases (85% reporting abuse and 77.8% reporting no abuse).
A Model of the Daily Energy Budget of the Adult Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel, Spermophilus Tridecemlineatus
Authors:   , Scheck Stephen
Published: February 2023

Daily energy budgets and patterns of activity of adult thirteen-lined ground squirrels, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, were studied for 18 months. The DEB was highest (0.233 kcal gm-1 day-1) during the active season (spring-midsummer), lower (0.082 kcal gm-1 day-1) during the interim season (late summer- early autumn), and lowest (0.067 kcal gm-1 day-1 ) during hibernation. Ground squirrels spent 34.2 percent of the day out of the nest during the active season and 17.5 percent during the interim season. No significant differences were noted between daily energy budgets or patterns of activity of males or females during any season.
A Critical Study of The Works of Sir James M. Barrie In Relation To His Life
Authors:   , Brooke Esther
Published: February 2023

The present study is offered as an impartial endeavor to interpret Barrie’s works in relation to his life. His literary achievements have been taken up as to the three types of writing and as far as possible in a chronological order within the type being discussed.
The Larson Consonant Sound Discrimination Test : Reliability and Validity Data for Third Through Sixth Grade Students
Authors:   , Karnatz Jennifer
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to obtain reliability and validity data for the Larson Consonant Sound Discrimination Test (LCSDT). Subjects were 55 third through sixth grade students who received an otoscopic exam, tympanometry screening, and had passed a sweep frequency hearing screening given within the current school year In addition, the subjects completed two auditory discrimination tests, the LCSDT and the Wepman Test of Auditory Discrimination (WTAD) Analyses of the data suggest that auditory discrimination abilities continue to develop as a child matures; however, these data must be interpreted with caution as a limited number of fifth/sixth grade subjects participated in the study. A weak significant correlation was found between the subjects' mean scores on the LCSDT and the subjects ' mean scores on the WTAD, suggesting that the two discrimination tests may be testing different abilities. Furthermore, it was found that although the subjects missed approximately the same number of phoneme pairs on each administration of the LCSDT, the phoneme pairs that were discriminated incorrectly varied considerably among test administrations. This finding suggests that the word pairs used throughout the LCSDT are appropriate, although a few pairs need to be examined further to determine whether to replace them with word pairs that could be discriminated more easily. The LCSDT may be a useful auditory discrimination test that provides an examiner with information regarding specific phoneme pairs a subject has difficulty discriminating. Therefore, more appropriate and effective treatment goals and objectives may be formulated.
American Capitalism : An Application of the Concept of Countervailing Power
Authors:   , Cavell Michael
Published: February 2023

John Kenneth Galbraith introduced this concept of countervailing power in the book “American Capitalism”. Since then it has rapidly become accepted as a new theory which equalizes the distributional shares in the market process. This thesis is devoted to developing the meaning of the concept and applying the theoretical operation of the concept to three areas of actual labor-management disputes. After concluding this application, the author has reached the conclusion that the theory in itself can only accomplish its proposed results under specific economic conditions.
Sexual Selection Dynamics In A Smoky Hills Population Of Crotaphytus Collaris
Authors:   , Talbott Katherine
Published: February 2023

Recent studies in behavioral ecology have suggested environmental pressures might influence sexual selection dynamics to the extent that sexually-selected signals reflect local adaptation. I experimentally tested this hypothesis by manipulating a potential male ornament and observing the sexual selection dynamics in a Smoky Hills population of eastern collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris). Sexual selection dynamics were investigated by characterizing habitat structure, describing individual lizard spatial distribution, and investigating morphological predictors of adult male territorial success. Habitat occupied by lizards had significantly different and higher percentages of rock cover, and significantly different and lower percentages of vegetation cover, than unoccupied habitat. No differences in habitat structure were detected between areas occupied by both sexes and areas occupied only by males. Experimental enlargement of the male gular ornament did not affect the spatial distribution of sexually mature lizards. Potential male fitness was estimated using several indices, which were then used to predict which morphological characters might affect male intrasexual success. Measures of body size, particularly mass, snout-vent length, and head width, were the strongest predictors of successful territory defense in adult males. The potential for sexual selection for this population is analyzed with respect to previous studies of sexual selection in C. collaris. This study supports previous observations of geographic variation in behavior in this species, and constitutes one of the first behavioral studies of C. collaris in the Smoky Hills portion of its range.
Mediating Factors for Reducing Aids Risk Behaviors in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors:   , Simonsen Jeremy
Published: February 2023

Although much research has been conducted on individual factors associated with AIDS-preventive behavior, there has still been some question as to which factors most strongly affect behavioral changes toward risk reduction, particularly in young adults and adolescents. There has also been some question as to whether sexual educational programs in high schools have long lasting effects upon later assessed knowledge concerning AIDS. The present study was designed to investigate the factors of friend perceptions, communication with sexual partners, parental communication in sexual education, knowledge about AIDS, and perceived risk as predictive variables of behavior that would put students at risk for being infected with the HIV virus and AIDS. The present study also examined whether high school sexual education programs have long term effects upon AIDS knowledge. Data were obtained through the use of a demographic questionnaire, a sexual behavior questionnaire, a Knowledge About AIDS (KAA) questionnaire, and a perceived peer norm scale from a sample of 145 college students ages 18 and older. The questionnaires were distributed and then collected the following day in classrooms at Fort Hays State University and Nebraska Wesleyan University. Results indicated that subjects who were at-risk for acquiring HIV had higher levels of perceived risk for developing HIV than those subjects who were not at-risk for acquiring HIV. Results also indicated that higher levels of communication with sexual partners were significantly related to higher levels of AIDS-preventive behavior, particularly in women. Significantly few men perceived their friends as practicing AIDS-preventive behavior, particularly if they themselves were not at-risk for AIDS. A majority of men saw their peers as not practicing AIDS-preventive behavior, whether or not they were at-risk for AIDS. It is hoped that this research may help to highlight factors that might have an effect upon AIDS-preventive behaviors.
Changing Things
Authors:   , Lee Sang-Su
Published: February 2023

A collection of pieces made with mixed media, wood, nails, wire, and string.
The Influence of the Typewriter on Language Arts in the Elementary School
Authors:   , Manwarren Mildred
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study was to appraise the educational influence of the typewriter on language arts when used as part of the regular classroom equipment in the third grade. The study was confined to evidence collected through a classroom experiment in Saint John Elementary School, Saint John, Kansas; however, the study includes reports of other experimentation and pertinent materials.
Exposure To Mortality And Its Effects On Teen Drinking
Authors:   , Jones Amber
Published: February 2023

The topic of teen drinking is popular because it has been persistent over time and does not appear to be diminishing in today’s society. Alcohol consumption among adolescents is a major health concern for our adolescents today (Kosterman, Hawkins, Guo, Catalon, & Abbott, 2000). Besides being associated with poor health conditions (Puddey, Rakic, Dimmitt, & Beilin, 1999), adolescent drinking is also correlated with risks such as poor school performance, violence/criminal behavior, and other self-harming behaviors (Mason & Windle, 2002). Aside from these alcohol related risks, there is a higher risk of poor decision making including that of drinking and driving. The current study attempted to determine the relationship among exposure to the negative effects of alcohol, specifically, death as a result of alcohol consumption and driving, and (1) the teen’s participation in alcohol consumption post exposure and (2) the teen’s participation in driving after consuming alcohol post exposure to these negative effects. The current study suggests that knowing someone who has been killed in a drunk-driving accident and the participants’ own reported alcohol consumption is not significantly related, however, knowing someone who has been killed in a drunk driving accident is significantly related to the participants’ own drunk driving behaviors, with those reporting higher levels of drunk driving being those who knew someone killed in a drunk driving accident. The study also indicates that the rated level of closeness to the person the participant knew who had been killed in a drunk driving accident was not significantly related to their own alcohol consumption nor their own drunk driving behaviors. Although the data doesn’t show a level of significance between rated closeness to the person the participant knew who had died in a drunk-driving accident and their own drinking and drunk-driving behaviors, data does indicate a trend toward social group behaviors. There were six participants who reported being “Very Close” to someone who had been killed in a drunk-driving accident. Those six participants reported a higher mean (tables 2 and 4) for both alcohol consumption in the past 30 days and also for driving under the influence of alcohol in the past 30 days. This trend is something that possibly relates back to social group actions (e.g. the peer group of the individual who was killed in a drunk-driving accident is more likely to participate in drinking and drunk-driving than those not in that same peer group). The statistical power of the results indicating the peer groups (closeness) trends was compromised due to the small amount of participants (6 students) that fell within the group that rated being “very close” to someone who had been killed in a drunk-driving accident. This finding may have been found significant had there been more participants in this particular rating group.
Distribution Of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus (PERV) Variants In Domestic And Feral Pig
Authors:   , Acharya Rashmi
Published: February 2023

Xenotransplantation is considered an alternative to allotransplantation to relieve the current shortage of human organs. Due to their similar size and physiology, the organs of pigs are of particular interest for this purpose. Endogenous retroviruses are a result of integration of retroviral genomes into the genome of infected germ cells as DNA copies (proviruses), which are then carried in all cells of the offspring of the organism. Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERVs) are of special concern because they are found in pig organs and tissue that might be used for xenotransplantation. PERV proviruses, already incorporated into the pig’s genome, can be induced to replicate and recombine in pigs, and have been shown to infect human cells in vitro. There are three classes of PERVs, namely PERV-A, PERV-B, and PERV-C. PERV-A and PERV-B can infect human cells in vitro and can recombine with PERV-C, resulting in a recombinant virus with a higher rate of replication in pig and human cell lines. In this study, a PCR based analysis of 50 domestic and 35 feral pigs was carried out to study the distribution of PERVs A, B, and C. PERV-A and PERV-B were universal in both domestic and feral pigs. The feral varieties of pigs displayed a higher frequency of 85.67% of PERV-C compared to 42.00% in domestic pigs. However, comparative study of presence of PERVs A, B, and C in different breeds of domestic pigs shows there is variation in distribution among breeds, and among individuals of same breeds. From the results of this study, I hypothesize that presence of endogenized PERV genomes in individuals of the same breed is dependent on genetic properties of individual pigs.
An Integrated Analysis Of The Oppliger and Harkness Oil Fields Using Well Log Data and 3D Seismic Data
Authors:   , Langdon Casey
Published: February 2023

Subsurface mapping from well points and 3D seismic interpretation are essential techniques used to study and locate structures in petroleum exploration. In this study, subsurface structure maps, detailed well log facies analysis, 3D seismic interpretation, and attribute analysis were used to map a Mississippian interval and middle Pennsylvanian age interval from two oil fields in Ness County, Kansas. The objective of this study is to analyze formation properties and facies distribution, map middle Pennsylvanian Cherokee channel deposits using seismic data, and to construct a structural model highlighting important features effecting oil production. Results show that the stratigraphic succession of this Mississippian interval consists of five main lithofacies: a siliceous facies, siliceous-calcitic facies, siliceous-dolomitic facies, carbonaceous facies, and a “mixed” facies. The siliceous facies is the dominant hydrocarbon reservoir unit in the area. Structural analysis and interpretation show two anticlinal structures associated with faulting on the western portion of the study area. These faults are known to have been caused by deformation associated with the Central Kansas Uplift. Two channels were mapped with one channel showing six possible compartments associated with differences in reservoir characteristics. The importance of identifying compartments in the reservoir is that they are associated with permeability changes and hydrocarbon production. These results show that an integrated approach using geologic and seismic analysis can be more effective than structural contour maps in mapping subtle structural and stratigraphic features in Mid-Continent hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Therapies Currently Used by Psychiatrists and Psychologists in the Treatment of Unipolar Depression
Authors:   , Forrest Joyce
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to determine which psychotherapies were currently used by psychiatrists and psychologist in Nebraska for the treatment of unipolar depression. The subjects were 17 psychiatrists and 14 psychologists practicing in Nebraska. Independent variables were professional title, date when highest degree was received, work setting, staff size, age, number of years of treating patients with unipolar depression, number of depressed patients, and percentage of total patients treated who had unipolar depression. Dependent variables were the reported frequency of use of biomedical, psychoanalytical, cognitive, and behavioral techniques. The seven null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance for two main effects and an interaction. The null hypothesis was rejected for the main effect between psychiatrists and psychologist for cognitive techniques. Psychologists reported a significantly higher frequency of use for cognitive techniques than did psychiatrists. A significantly lower frequency of use of psychoanalytical hypothesis pertaining to the work setting was rejected. The only statistically significant interaction at the .05 level for the dependent variable biomedical techniques was for number of years that psychotherapists had treated patients with unipolar depression and professional title. Of the 84 comparison made, only three were found to be statistically significant. One main effect was the frequency of use of the cognitive techniques between psychiatrists and psychologists. The other main effect that was significant was found in the frequency of use of psychoanalytical techniques between psychotherapists in private practice and psychotherapists in all other work settings. The one significant interaction was between professional title and the number of years the psychotherapist had treated patients with a unipolar depressive disorder for dependent variable the use of biomedical techniques.
An Investigation of The Relationship Between Concept Formation and Rorschach Personality Measures
Authors:   , Reed Homer
Published: February 2023

Stated briefly, the problem is as follows: What are the relationships, if any exist, between concept formation and Rorschach measures of personality and intelligence?
The Evolution of The Common School System of Ellis County, Kansas
Authors:   , Roth Hyacinth
Published: February 2023

The problem of this thesis was to obtain as nearly as possible the essential facts and data concerning The Evolution of Schools in Ellis County, Kansas . The period covered in this school evolution dates back to the year 1868 when the legislature defined the boundaries in conformity with a petition presented to the Governor by the citizens in the fall of 1867, asking for organization, to the present year of 1950. Here is a period of eighty-two years during which time Ellis County has developed educationally from the crude school of that day to its present modern school system. It is hoped that the data compiled pertaining to this period and as presented in this study will serve as a permanent record for the information and inspiration for anyone interested in the schools and their evolution of Ellis County.
Paintings-Drawings : Graduate Catalog
Authors:   , Merrill Elaine
Published: February 2023

Nature is the primary source of my ideas. I use plant forms at all stages of the life cycle, from bulbs, through all phases of growth, to dried and pressed flowers. I simplify some elements and exaggerate others until I have reached the desired effect. The shapes are flattened and smoothed out while the colors are brought up to a higher intensity. Shadows are an important element in my work. I use them to form patterns of positive and negative space. Many of my paintings show plants and flowers several times larger than their natural size. This opens up a new world of subtle color and detail. In the early paintings I kept the surface texture to a minimum, concentrating instead on flat patterns of color. In some of the later paintings of roses I started to experiment with small amounts of texture as seen in Plate 1. I do not intend to limit my work to plant forms in the future, but they have been useful in my study of color, composition and pattern.
Exploration of the Human Form in Painting and Drawing
Authors:   , Arnhold Frank
Published: February 2023

My fundamental aim for painting the human form is objectivity. In so doing I try to capture an emotional attitude or mood in the subject by the use of color and expression of line. I work realistically in all my work. Impressionism has been a major influence, especially Toulouse-Lautrec. His selection of an unexpected angle on the subject, thereby giving his pictures immediacy, his virtuosity in depicting movement and use of his “shorthand” techniques rooted in draftsmanship have affected my own work. I use pure color and omit black, gray, and brown. Blue is my primary color, mainly because of the depth it gives to the dark areas. In my subject matter I try to paint the subject as honestly as I can. Indulgence in physical, social, or moral criticism is not done. Proportions are demanding and I try to distort as little as possible. My paintings and drawings go hand in hand and when I paint I rely heavily on live rather than modeled forms.