bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Questions to the Article: Effective Control of COVID-19 in South Korea: Cross-Sectional Study of Epidemiological Data (Preprint)
Authors: Kuo Shu-Chun , Chien Tsair-Wei , Chou Willy
Published: December 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

We read the study by Jeong et al. on the Effective Control of COVID-19 in South Korea. The paper was written rather well but remained several controversial questions required for discussions, including how (1) to determine the flat infection point(Ipoint for short) at 50 days for South Korea, (2) to ensure other eight counties(eg, United States, Spain, Italy, Japan, Singapore, France, Iran, and the Netherlands) having longer Ipoints than that in South Korea instead of merely observing visual displays, and (3) to confirm no other countries have less Ipoint days that that in South Korea in term of the first 61 days since the 100th confirmed case. We replicated the study using the data-model-fit technique based on item response theory to determine the Ipoint on an ogive curve for each country and found that (1) the Ipoint at 14 days for South Korea, (2) all other eight counties having longer Ipoints(ranged from 33 to 59 days) than South Korea, and (3) 45 countries/regions having Ipoints less than 14 days based on the first 61 days since the 100th confirmed case. The Ipoint to represent the effective control of COVID-19 is an objective and essential measure that can be applied to compare the capability of mitigating COVID-19 among countries/regions.
Automation of Article Selection Process in Systematic Reviews Through Artificial Neural Network Modeling and Machine Learning: Protocol for an Article Selection Model (Preprint)
Authors: Ferreira Gabriel Ferraz , Quiles Marcos Gonçalves , Nazaré Tiago Santana , Rezende Solange Oliveira , Demarzo Marcelo
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

A systematic review can be defined as a summary of the evidence found in the literature via a systematic search in the available scientific databases. One of the steps involved is article selection, which is typically a laborious task. Machine learning and artificial intelligence can be important tools in automating this step, thus aiding researchers.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to create models based on an artificial neural network system to automate the article selection process in systematic reviews related to “Mindfulness and Health Promotion.”

METHODS

The study will be performed using Python programming software. The system will consist of six main steps: (1) data import, (2) exclusion of duplicates, (3) exclusion of non-articles, (4) article reading and model creation using artificial neural network, (5) comparison of the models, and (6) system sharing. We will choose the 10 most relevant systematic reviews published in the fields of “Mindfulness and Health Promotion” and “Orthopedics” (control group) to serve as a test of the effectiveness of the article selection.

RESULTS

Data collection will begin in July 2021, with completion scheduled for December 2021, and final publication available in March 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

An automated system with a modifiable sensitivity will be created to select scientific articles in systematic review that can be expanded to various fields. We will disseminate our results and models through the “Observatory of Evidence” in public health, an open and online platform that will assist researchers in systematic reviews.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/26448
The Making and Evaluation of Digital Games Used for the Assessment of Attention: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Wiley Katelyn , Robinson Raquel , Mandryk Regan L
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Serious games are now widely used in many contexts, including psychological research and clinical use. One area of growing interest is that of cognitive assessment, which seeks to measure different cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and perception. Measuring these functions at both the population and individual levels can inform research and indicate health issues. Attention is an important function to assess, as an accurate measure of attention can help diagnose many common disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dementia. However, using games to assess attention poses unique problems, as games inherently manipulate attention through elements such as sound effects, graphics, and rewards, and research on adding game elements to assessments (ie, gamification) has shown mixed results. The process for developing cognitive tasks is robust, with high psychometric standards that must be met before these tasks are used for assessment. Although games offer more diverse approaches for assessment, there is no standard for how they should be developed or evaluated.

OBJECTIVE

To better understand the field and provide guidance to interdisciplinary researchers, we aim to answer the question: How are digital games used for the cognitive assessment of attention made and measured?

METHODS

We searched several databases for papers that described a digital game used to assess attention that could be deployed remotely without specialized hardware. We used Rayyan, a systematic review software, to screen the records before conducting a systematic review.

RESULTS

The initial database search returned 49,365 papers. Our screening process resulted in a total of 74 papers that used a digital game to measure cognitive functions related to attention. Across the studies in our review, we found three approaches to making assessment games: gamifying cognitive tasks, creating custom games based on theories of cognition, and exploring potential assessment properties of commercial games. With regard to measuring the assessment properties of these games (eg, how accurately they assess attention), we found three approaches: comparison to a traditional cognitive task, comparison to a clinical diagnosis, and comparison to knowledge of cognition; however, most studies in our review did not evaluate the game’s properties (eg, if participants enjoyed the game).

CONCLUSIONS

Our review provides an overview of how games used for the assessment of attention are developed and evaluated. We further identified three barriers to advancing the field: reliance on assumptions, lack of evaluation, and lack of integration and standardization. We then recommend the best practices to address these barriers. Our review can act as a resource to help guide the field toward more standardized approaches and rigorous evaluation required for the widespread adoption of assessment games.
Legal and Ethical Considerations for the Design and Use of Web Portals for Researchers, Clinicians, and Patients: Scoping Literature Review (Preprint)
Authors: Lang Michael , Lemieux Sébastien , Hébert Josée , Sauvageau Guy , Zawati Ma'n H
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

This study aims to identify a novel potential use for web portals in health care and health research: their adoption for the purposes of rapidly sharing health research findings with clinicians, scientists, and patients. In the era of precision medicine and learning health systems, the translation of research findings into targeted therapies depends on the availability of big data and emerging research results. Web portals may work to promote the availability of novel research, working in tandem with traditional scientific publications and conference proceedings.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the potential use of web portals, which facilitate the sharing of health research findings among researchers, clinicians, patients, and the public. It also summarizes the potential legal, ethical, and policy implications associated with such tools for public use and in the management of patient care for complex diseases.

METHODS

This study broadly adopts the methods for scoping literature reviews outlined by Arskey and O’Malley in 2005. Raised by the integration of web portals into patient care for complex diseases, we systematically searched 3 databases, PubMed, Scopus, and WestLaw Next, for sources describing web portals for sharing health research findings among clinicians, researchers, and patients and their associated legal, ethical, and policy challenges. Of the 719 candidate source citations, 22 were retained for the review.

RESULTS

We found varied and inconsistent treatment of web portals for sharing health research findings among clinicians, researchers, and patients. Although the literature supports the view that portals of this kind are potentially highly promising, they remain novel and are not yet widely adopted. We also found a wide range of discussions on the legal, ethical, and policy issues related to the use of web portals to share research data.

CONCLUSIONS

We identified 5 important legal and ethical challenges: privacy and confidentiality, patient health literacy, equity, training, and decision-making. We contend that each of these has meaningful implications for the increased integration of web portals into clinical care.
A Framework for Using IoT and Mobile Apps for Pandemic Risk Management during Hajj (Preprint)
Authors: Binyamin Sami S. , Hoque Md. Rakibul , Zafar Bassam Abdulwahab
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Hajj pilgrims are often affected by the risks of rapid spread of communicable diseases. Such risks have emerged intensively more than ever before the recent COVID-19 pandemic. With regard to that, previous study has recommended for Hajj surveillance data management systems for efficient control of health risks. As preventive measure, however, no previous studies have followed design science method to develop any framework for ultimately developing any interactive technological intervention for pandemic risk management, especially in the context of Hajj.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to use a design science method for developing framework that would guide the researchers and policy makers in using IoT and mobile apps in combination for pandemic risk management during Hajj.

METHODS

This study followed the design science method consisting of three cycles (namely, Relevance Cycle, Design Cycle, and Rigor Cycle). The design science-based framework allows to develop a technological solution (e.g., mobile app) for a problem through a series of actions using expertise and iteration. It takes into account the factors of people, system configurations, technologies, and work environment that interplay together.

RESULTS

Upon following the design science method, a conceptual framework has been developed for pandemic risk management during Hajj. The framework would guide the researchers in developing features like, 1) path guidance system, 2) advising system, 3) alert system, 4) assistance delivery system, and 5) bigdata and situation analysis system for pandemic risk management at the event of Hajj.

CONCLUSIONS

The design science-based framework will also help the Saudi Arabian government to modernize the country’s current capacity to ensure effective management of pandemic risks services through developing additional modern surveillance techniques and strategies. Furthermore, the development of IoT and mobile app based interactive system using this framework will also contribute in big data based predictive analysis because of integration of IoT system which will generate large amount to useful data.
Loss of Smell and Taste in Patients With Suspected COVID-19: Analyses of Patients’ Reports on Social Media (Preprint)
Authors: Koyama Sachiko , Ueha Rumi , Kondo Kenji
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The year 2020 was the year of the global COVID-19 pandemic. The severity of the situation has become so substantial that many or even most of the patients with mild to moderate symptoms had to self-isolate without specific medical treatments or even without being tested for COVID-19. Many patients joined internet membership groups to exchange information and support each other.

OBJECTIVE

Our goal is to determine the benefits and limits of using social media to understand the symptoms of patients with suspected COVID-19 with mild to moderate symptoms and, in particular, their symptoms of anosmia (loss of the sense of smell) and ageusia (loss of the sense of taste). The voluntary reports on an internet website of a membership group will be the platform of the analyses.

METHODS

Posts and comments of members of an internet group known as COVID-19 Smell and Taste Loss, founded on March 24, 2020, to support patients with suspected COVID-19 were collected and analyzed daily. Demographic data were collected using the software mechanism called Group Insights on the membership group website.

RESULTS

Membership groups on social media have become rare sources of support for patients with suspected COVID-19 with mild to moderate symptoms. These groups provided mental support to their members and became resources for information on COVID-19 tests and medicines or supplements. However, the membership was voluntary, and often the members leave without notification. It is hard to be precise from the free voluntary reports. The number of women in the group (6995/9227, 75.38% as of October 12, 2020) was about three times more than men (2272/9227, 24.62% as of October 12, 2020), and the peak age of members was between 20-40 years in both men and women. Patients who were asymptomatic other than the senses comprised 14.93% (53/355) of the total patients. Recovery of the senses was higher in the patients who were asymptomatic besides having anosmia and ageusia. Most (112/123, 91.06%) patients experienced other symptoms first and then lost their senses, on average, 4.2 days later. Patients without other symptoms tended to recover earlier (P=.02). Patients with anosmia and ageusia occasionally reported distorted smell and taste (parosmia and dysgeusia) as well as experiencing or perceiving the smell and taste without the sources of the smell or taste (phantosmia and phantogeusia).

CONCLUSIONS

Our analysis of the social media database of suspected COVID-19 patients’ voices demonstrated that, although accurate diagnosis of patients is not always obtained with social media–based analyses, it may be a useful tool to collect a large amount of data on symptoms and the clinical course of worldwide rapidly growing infectious diseases.
Antihyperglycemic and Antioxidant Activity of Nanoemulsion Extracts of M. affine D. Don Leaves in Alloxan-Induced Rat
Authors: Safrida Safrida , Khairil Khairil , Fardinita Fani
Published: December 2020

This study determined the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activity of nanoemulsion extracts of M. affine leaves in alloxan-induced rats. This research used 24 male Wistar rats around three months old which grouped as normal (untreated), negative control (treated with carboxymethyl cellulose sodium/Na-CMC,), positive control (treated with glibenclamide), and various concentration (30, 60, and 90%) of nanoemulsion extract of M. affine leaves groups. The extract of M. affine leaves had an antioxidant activity with IC50 5.30 ppm, categorized as a very strong antioxidant. Furthermore, the administration of this extract decreased glucose levels in antihyperglycemic rats.  We concluded that M. affine leaves extract potential as antioxidants and be developed as an ingredient for diabetic drugs.
UV Mutagenesis as a Strategy to Enhance Growth and Lipid Productivity of Chlorella sp. 042
Authors: Rachmayati Rike , Agustriana Eva , Rahman Delicia Yunita
Published: December 2020

Microalgae appeared to be an alternative feedstock for renewable biodiesel production due to their capability to accumulate considerable amounts of lipids. In this study, mutagenesis using UVC light with different periods was applied to Chlorella sp. 042 to produce a microalgae strain with high lipid productivity of 45, 60, and 75 min. The Nile red fluorescence method was conducted to select a Chlorella sp. mutant with high neutral lipid and generated one mutant from every UV mutation period, M45-06, M60-02, and M75-21. All of the mutants have higher growth rates than the wild type. Chlorella sp. 042 M60-02 achieved the highest lipid productivity, with 34 mg L-1 day-1. Furthermore, as other major biochemical components, carbohydrate and protein contents were determined. Our results showed that all the mutants enhance their carbohydrate and protein contents compared to the wild type. However, mutations for more than 60 min do not intensely change the protein content of mutant microalgae. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry analysis revealed that M60-02 mutant has similar FAME profiles with the wild type, which contain palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C 18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2). These results demonstrate that the UV mutation of Chlorella sp. 042 for 60 min is suitable as a source of biodiesel production.
Leaf Vein Density of Tree Saplings Composing Lower Canopy in Tropical Forest Reflects Their Ecophysiological Characteristics
Authors: Yansen Yansen , Deselina Deselina
Published: December 2020

One factor affecting the survival of a species in a tropical ecosystem is its ability to respond to environmental conditions, which depend on their ecophysiological performances. Plants ability to transport water as a major environmental factor would determine their survival. The anatomy of xylem inside leaves and stem as water conductive tissue will dictate the rate of water transport through the plant stem and leaves. Leaf vein, which contains xylem vessels, dictates water transport through leaves and plant’s ability to control water loss through stomata. This research found that tree saplings composing a lower canopy of tropical forests have different ecophysiological attributes. Pioneer species, such as Cinnamomum sp., Diospyros macrophylla, Castanopsis costata, Elateriospermum tapos, and Ziziphus sp., have higher leaf vein density than primary species, such as a member of genus Garcinia, Shorea, Dipterocarpus, and Syzigium. It implies that pioneer species might have higher rates of water transport and consequently, higher rates of photosynthesis. If forest vegetation was more opened, then pioneer species may dominate the area as they are more tolerant of light. The Composition of forest vegetation with different ecophysiological characteristics may affect the forest dynamics and hydrological cycle.
Podcaster Prosody
Authors: Yau Edgar
Published: December 2020

This paper addresses the style-shifting of podcast host Sarah Koenig, specifically in her use of utterance final creaky voice in different contexts. I find that Koenig uses more creaky voice on her podcast Serial than in an interview context. Additionally, her creaky voice in the interview occurs in specific contexts related to her work as a journalist. Based on analyses of how phonetic features can construct certain personae, I argue that Koenig may be designing her speech to construct a journalistic persona with her use of creaky voice.
Estimaciones, identidad y la relación entre uso de la lengua y autoadscripción
Authors:   Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ibarra-López Ignacio , Calleros Héctor ,   Universidad de Varsovia, Cortés-Moreno Jorge David ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Published: December 2020

This work studies the differences that arise when self-identification or the use of the indigenous language is used in the estimation of the indigenous population. As a result of the analysis of official information, it is concluded that the increase in schooling at home and the receipt of income from relatives living abroad, discourages people from indicating the use of the language and self-registering. On the other hand, it is found that people who receive support from the government have greater incentives to declare the use of the language and self-enroll. Finally, it is shown that self-enrollment and use of the indigenous language are not the same variables and therefore cannot be used as an equivalent criterion for the realization of public policy. It is statistically demonstrated that people who speak the indigenous language constitute a subset of people who self-describe as indigenous
Prevalencia de depresión en una cohorte de personas de 65 años o más residentes en la comunidad de Peñagrande: relación con factores sociodemográficos, de salud, de ayuda y red social
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Gutiérrez Misis Alicia , González-Fernández María ,   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Castell Alcalá María Victoria ,   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Published: December 2020

Depression has great influence on the burden of disease in the elderly population all over the world. So that, the aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of depression in a population ba-sed spanish cohort of people aged 65 years and older (N = 762) and to study its associated factors. Logistic regression analysis were run, taking depression as the dependent covariate and socio-demographic, health, social networking and social help factors as independent covariates. The prevalence of depression was 29.7 per cent. Being woman, having low incomes and/or low level of education, having at least one grandchild, having poor self rated health and/or disability and has been given external help were associated with depression in an independent and strong way.
Desigualdad en hogares con adultos mayores en México, 2015
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Gaxiola Robles Linares Sergio Cuauhtémoc , Lozano Keymolen Daniel ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
Published: December 2020

The objective of the article is to analyze the inequality between households with older adults in Mexico in 2015. The source of information is the Intercensal Survey 2015 of the National Insti-tute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). The methodological proposal of this research is based on the application of a Multiple Correspondence Analysis that allows studying the relationship between the variables of households with older adults in Mexico based on three dimensions: indi-vidual, household and context. The results indicate the presence of permanent inequalities among households with people aged 60 and over, in addition to significant differences in assets, family structure and government aid, which impacts the living conditions of older adults in Mexico in 2015.
CIRCULAÇÃO DA PEDAGOGIA PERSONALIZADA E COMUNITÁRIA NO ENSINO SECUNDÁRIO BRASILEIRO (1954-1963)
Authors: Da Silva Daniele Hungaro , Dallabrida Norberto
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender a circulação da Pedagogia Personalizada e Comunitária (PPC) no ensino secundário brasileiro. A PPC foi um modelo pedagógico francês que circulou no Brasil como uma alternativa para a implantação das classes secundárias experimentais. Para ler esta questão adota-se como referencial teórico o conceito de circulação de Roger Chartier (1992) que considera que os bens culturais, assim como os modelos pedagógicos, são produzidos, disseminados e usados de formas diferentes, de modo que a recepção é realizada com criatividade, por meio de resistências, ressignificações e arranjos. Investiga-se esta circulação de três modos: através das memórias das sessões pedagógicas ministradas por Pierre Faure em 1955 para professores católicos do Rio de Janeiro, relatórios sobre a experiência de Yvon La France com a turma ginasial das classes secundárias experimentais do Colégio Santa Cruz entre 1959 e 1962, e os artigos científicos de Faure publicados na SERVIR – revista da Associação de Educação Católica, entre 1954 e 1963.
O BRINCAR EM TEMPOS DE DISTANCIAMENTO SOCIAL: o que aprendemos com as crianças pela lente da sociologia da infância?
Authors: Lima Samantha Dias de , C. Benincasa Meirelles Melina
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo trata de uma pesquisa com crianças realizada neste momento de pandemia por pesquisadoras de um curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia na Região da Serra Gaúcha/RS. Valendo-se das lentes da Sociologia da Infância, objetivou acolher e visibilizar, através de narrativas escritas, o que crianças entre seis e doze anos estão vivendo e sentindo nestes tempos de distanciamento sobre o brincar, convidando-as para que respondessem à seguinte pergunta: conte sobre as suas brincadeiras nestes tempos de distanciamento social, em que você está em casa. O convite foi feito via redes sociais institucionais do curso e obteve respostas de treze crianças por e-mail, WhatsApp e Instagram. Como resultados, a pesquisa deixa como legado essa consciência de cuidados consigo e com os outros expressos pelas crianças, bem como a percepção, considerando suas narrativas, de que o tempo do brincar, seja ele livre, com a família ou mesmo de modo contemplativo.
La imagen del ser humano y, especialmente de la mujer, en Gertrud von Le Fort
Authors: Franken Kurzen Clemens
Published: December 2020

The main novels are analyzed: The veil of Veronica (1928), The Song at the Scaffold (1931) and The Wreath of the Angels (1946) of the catholic german writer, poet and essayist Gertrud von Le Fort (1876-1971) and her essay The eternal woman (1934). According to Le Fort, the human being is characterized as an insecure (at the level of life, knowledge and religion), free (specially in his decision between god and the devil), worthy (with her rights) and spiritual (he has a soul open to god) person. On the same time as she defends decisively the individual, Le Fort emphasizes, on the other side, his social being, obtaining her greatest literary performance in the description of profound human meetings. The human community consists according to Le Fort in being the one in the other (cf. aspect of spiritual unity), with the other (cf. solidarious activity]) and for the other (cf. vicarious collaboration in the salvation). This ideal generally is lived in a better form on part of the woman as virgin, wife and mother with her great capacity of devotion, whose model is the Virgin Mary with her ‘fiat’. In this way, Le Fort revels her belonging to a solidarious personalism which she shares with other catholic phenomelogical philosophers like Edith Stein, Max Scheler and Dietrich von Hildebrand.
Black-ish (ABC: 2014- ): the (black) American Dream
Authors: Donstrup Mayte
Published: December 2020

Las series de televisión se han convertido en un objeto de estudio recurrente en el ámbito académico. En este sentido, se ha constatado que las narrativas televisivas funcionan como fábulas sociales y contienen en su seno moralejas sobre el funcionamiento de la sociedad. Este estudio articula un análisis de la serie Black-ish en torno al discurso ideológico; es decir, qué somos, qué hacemos y con qué objetivo (van Dijk, 2009). Desde una perspectiva cualitativa, se ha realizado un análisis textual (McKee, 2002) que ha puesto de manifiesto que en la serie prevalecen los valores neoliberales. Al respecto, en la discusión se han contrapuestos los resultados con otras series del género evidenciando la prevalencia del conservadurismo de las comedias de situación.
La reconfiguración familiar de los migrantes deportados en la frontera norte de México
Authors: González José Israel Ibarra , Vargas-Valle Eunice D.
Published: December 2020

El endurecimiento de la política antiinmigrante de Estados Unidos ha provocado la expulsión de millones de migrantes durante los últimos 20 años con consecuencias para sus familias. En este artículo se analiza la reconfiguración familiar de los migrantes deportados en la frontera norte de México. El estudio se basa en una metodología mixta, que incluye el análisis de la Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica Demográfica 2014 y 31 entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicadas a personas deportadas en Tijuana y Ciudad Juárez. Entre los hallazgos cuantitativos se encuentran altos porcentajes de deportados en hogares unipersonales y bajos porcentajes en hogares nucleares, en comparación con los migrantes de retorno y los no migrantes; a partir de las entrevistas, se presenta una tipología de los arreglos familiares más comunes de los migrantes deportados que nos permite entender el efecto de la política migratoria en la separación familiar a través de las fronteras.
ANÁLISIS DE LA DISPOSICIÓN DE LOS DESECHOS SÓLIDOS Y GENERACION DE BIOGAS EN EL RELLENO SANITARIO DE AMBATO, ECUADOR
Authors: Ibarra-López Bertha Elizabeth , Narváez-Castro Mariana Lucia , De la Rosa Andres
Published: December 2020

Los residuos sólidos urbanos presentan un alto problema ambiental debido a los subproductos que se generan de su descomposición como son el biogás y los lixiviados. Ecuador es un país con ingresos medio bajos y se estima que para el 2025 la generación de residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) será de 18,041 toneladas/día. Ambato es un cantón ubicado en la provincia de Tungurahua y se caracteriza por ser una zona agropecuario. El presente estudio se enfoca en analizar la disposición de los residuos sólidos urbanos y su generación de biogás en las diferentes zonas del relleno. El Relleno Sanitario del Cantón Ambato recibe 120 toneladas/día de residuos sólidos que poseen el 65% de desechos orgánicos. Este relleno sanitario empezó su operación en el 2006 y posee un sistema de evacuación para el Biogás y los lixiviados. Para esta investigación el relleno se dividió en ocho zonas (A-H). De cada zona se tomaron muestras representativas de suelo del relleno (residuos enterrados) y biogás para realizar ensayos en el laboratorio. En las muestras de suelo del relleno se determinó pH, materia orgánica y humedad. En las muestras de gas se caracterizó y se determinó el contenido de metano. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que la zona C contiene la mayor cantidad de metano y el suelo del relleno (residuos enterrados) es de carácter básico. Al ser el cantón Ambato una zona agropecuaria, posee una alta cantidad de residuos orgánicos. Para mejorar el aprovechamiento de la generación de metano contenido en el Biogás, el manejo técnico del relleno sanitario es muy importante. Como por ejemplo la compactación del suelo (residuos enterrados), y humedad se debería mejorar en las zonas (C-H).
Valoración de la formación de los estándares pedagógicos según estudiantes de pedagogía
Authors: Verdugo Peñaloza Alejandro , Tejada Fernández José , Navío Gámez Antonio
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio se ocupa de la formación en los estándares pedagógicos según estudiantes de pedagogía de cinco facultades de la Universidad de Playa Ancha, Chile. Es un estudio de caso institucional, con diseño mixto. En un primer momento participó 78.3 por ciento de la población estudiantil de pedagogía, quienes contestaron un cuestionario y, posteriormente, 13 representantes de Educación básica e Historia y geografía participaron en grupos focales. Los resultados destacan que los estudiantes valoran de suficiente a buena su formación. Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre facultades en 6 de los 10 estándares. Se concluye que la presencia transversal de los estándares en el proyecto formativo de la carrera y los talleres de práctica puede influir favorablemente en la formación de los estudiantes, en cambio la falta de lineamientos comunes entre las unidades académicas determina distintos niveles de formación, situación que deberá ser analizada en la institución.
Controversias de la idea de universidad
Authors: Garrido Rivera Andrea Cecilia
Published: December 2020

El artículo da cuenta de las principales controversias vigentes de los propósitos de la universidad en los contextos europeos y latinoamericanos y aborda el Plan Bolonia como ente inspirador de la discusión. Metodológicamente se realizó una búsqueda, selección y posterior agrupación temática y cronológica de los marcos de referencia presentes en las bases de datos indexadas, como también de libros y capítulos de libros con comité editorial que se consideraron pertinentes a la temática suscrita. Los resultados advierten similitudes y diferencias en las controversias definidas por los autores de los distintos contextos. El discurso europeo se mueve mayoritariamente entre una concepción crítica del pasado y otra nostálgica, mientras que el latinoamericano enfatiza una concepción mercantil de la educación superior, y en eso coincide con el europeo, pero también hace énfasis en el deseo de modificación del proceso de aculturación del que ha sido testigo producto del etnocentrismo foráneo.
Efectos de programas de política pública sobre las actividades e identidad de la profesión académica en las escuelas Normales de México
Authors: Del Cid García Carlos Javier , Estévez Nénninger Etty Haydeé , González Bello Edgar Oswaldo , Vera Noriega José Ángel
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las características del perfil profesional, las actividades e identidad de la profesión académica en las escuelas Normales de México. Es un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, transeccional y de alcance causal-comparativo, realizado con una muestra de 281 académicos normalistas. Los principales resultados advierten que los participantes mantienen una identidad académica asociada a la noción de formadores de formadores dedicados a la docencia y, de forma paralela, a la noción de docentes-investigadores. Las pruebas estadísticas permiten reconocer diferencias significativas en las horas dedicadas a las diversas actividades académicas entre los académicos normalistas que participan en programas de estímulo y reconocimiento, y quienes no. Se concluye que los programas no representan una imposición, sino una posibilidad para realizar investigación. Esta situación ha tenido efectos de cambio sobre las dimensiones que configuran la identidad académica y han generado una tendencia hacia un nuevo modelo de profesión académica.
COVID-19 y la pandemia global causada por un nuevo coronavirus
Authors: Benavides-Rosero Mario Fernando
Published: December 2020

Introducción: COVID-19 es una enfermedad respiratoria inédita que se reportó inicialmente como una neumonía atípica en diciembre de 2019. SARS-CoV-2, agente etiológico de esta patología, probablemente originado a partir de un virus de murciélago. La inesperada capacidad de transmisión y patogenicidad que adquirió este coronavirus transformó a COVID-19 en una pandemia de sintomatología variada y compleja. Objetivo: Analizar aspectos evolutivos, moleculares, biológicos, inmunológicos y epidemiológicos de esta enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de literatura científica publicada en Pubmed, sobre estos aspectos desde enero 2020. Resultados: SARS-CoV-2 es un nuevo coronavirus que utiliza su proteína superficial S para infectar células humanas que exhiben el receptor ACE2. Este patógeno se transmite por secreciones respiratorias e induce un incremento nocivo de mediadores químicos proinflamatorios en individuos vulnerables, reacción inmune conocida como tormenta de citoquinas. Esta respuesta hiper-inflamatoria es la causante de las lesiones alveolares que desencadenan la insuficiencia respiratoria observada en casos severos de COVID-19. Conclusiones: En individuos susceptibles, SARS-CoV-2 puede desencadenar una disfunción pulmonar que requiere soporte ventilatorio asistido y tratamiento con inmunosupresores. Se están desarrollando nuevas estrategias terapéuticas y de prevención para disminuir los elevados índices de contagio y la mortalidad asociados con COVID-19.
La Competencia Digital Docente. Estudio bibliométrico de la producción científica sobre la Competencia Digital del profesorado
Authors: Laje Federico J.
Published: December 2020

La Competencia Digital puede reconocerse como el conjunto de habilidades y destrezas que todo individuo debe adquirir al finalizar su formación básica como requisito para el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida y para su inserción plena en las coordenadas de la sociedad actual. En este horizonte prevalece un creciente interés en la producción científica de diversos artículos que van abordando el campo de estudios de la competencia digital en poblaciones y contextos diversos.
El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de la producción científica relevante orientada a la Competencia Digital del Profesorado y su desarrollo formativo. Para ello, se ha conformado un estudio bibliométrico, de meta análisis abordando la combinación de búsquedas delimitadas empleando palabras claves, escogidas de Thesaurus ERIC, tales como: Digital Competence, Teacher Training, Digital Skills y Higher Education.
Gestión tecnológica para PYMES: Aspectos legales y financiación
Authors: Morales Mancilla Guillermo Hernán , Villegas Rita Mabel
Published: December 2020

En el presente informe se investigó mediante una metodología explorativa descriptiva, sobre el marco legal y las oportunidades de financiamiento en cuestiones de gestión tecnológica para las Pymes de la localidad. Resultó de suma importancia conocer la existencia de legislación respecto a la gestión tecnológica y se procedió a compendiar qué reglamentan las leyes nacionales Nº 23.877 y Nº 25.467. Por otro lado, a través de las paginas oficiales de las entidades encargadas de lanzar las convocatorias de las líneas de créditos vigente en los años 2015 – 2018, se descubrió la existencia de varias líneas de financiamiento e incentivos y se logró exponer las principales líneas que fueron ofrecidas por el estado tanto nacional como provincial, las cuales son muy variadas y se ajustan de manera directa o indirecta a la gestión tecnológica de las Pymes.
Internet del Futuro – Estudio de tecnologías IoT
Authors: González Leonardo , Sofía Osiris , Laguía Daniel , Gesto Esteban , Hallar Karim
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo proporciona una visión general del paradigma Internet de las Cosas (IoT) apuntando a las aplicaciones, arquitecturas, protocolos, tecnologías, y problemas pendientes y oportunidades para la investigación, tal como puede encontrarse en literatura reciente. El trabajo comienza proveyendo marcos históricos y conceptuales breves. A continuación, se profundiza en temas teóricos como las soluciones verticales, arquitecturas propuestas, protocolos específicos y tecnologías comerciales. También se revisan problemas concernientes al marco legal, todavía por desarrollarse. El postulado básico de IoT es la colaboración entre sensores inteligentes para realizar tareas innovadoras sin intervención humana. Sin embargo, avances recientes indican que serán posibles aplicaciones más potentes combinando IoT con cierto grado de inteligencia, previamente reservado a la nube. El objetivo principal de este informe es proporcionar un marco de trabajo inicial que permita a los investigadores iniciarse rápidamente en la materia, y al mismo tiempo, enfatizar la importancia de la identificación y desarrollo de aplicaciones. El trabajo concluye recomendando especial atención al modelado de sistemas IoT, a los protocolos de aplicación de tiempo real, y a la computación fog.
Notas bibliográficas
Authors: Ortiz Sergio Elías
Published: December 2020

Notas bibliográficas de las siguientes obras:

Archiv Für Völkerkunde.  Band XIV. Herausgegeben vom Museum für Völkerkunde in Wien und vom Verein "Freunde der Völkerkunde". Wilhelm Braumüller Wien Universitäts-Verlag. Wien, 1960.

L’antropologie.  Editée avec le concours du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Tome 64. N° 1-2, Paris, 1960.

Journal de la Sicieté Des Americanistes. Nouvelle Série. Tome XLVIII. Paris, 1959.

Anthropological Quarterly.  The Catholic University of American Press. Volume 33. Washington, 1960.

Whiteford (Andrew H.): Two cities of Latin America. A comparative description of social classes. Logan Museum Publications in Anthropology. Number 9. Beloit, WISC., 1960. 156 pp.
Datos antropológicos sobre los Pijao
Authors: Lucena Salmoral Manuel
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto reunir los escasos materiales antropológicos, especialmente etnográficos, que sobre los indios Pijao se encuentran repartidos entre varios documentos del Archivo General de Indias, cronistas y algunos artículos, con objeto de formar un conjunto uniforme. No es ningún estudio exhaustivo del grupo indígena, pues no se han consultado sino los fondos principales del mencionado archivo, en el que quedan además unas toneladas de manuscritos por inventariar, dentro del llamado Indiferente General. La investigación efectuada en el Archivo Histórico Nacional de Colombia ha dado resultados negativos, en lo que a este tipo de materiales se refiere, aunque abundan los referentes a la guerra que los españoles sostuvieron con los Pijao. En cuanto a las posibilidades de estudio en el terreno, hemos de señalar que posiblemente quedan restringidas a descendientes de las dos únicas tribus que se confederaron con los conquistadores en tiempos del presidente Don Juan de Borja, los Coyaima y Natagaima, ya que las verdaderas tribus insumisas, las de la sierra, lucharon seguramente hasta su extinción, a lo largo del siglo XVII.
Movimiento de la civilización agustiniana por el alto Amazonas
Authors: Silva Celis Eliécer
Published: December 2020

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A SEMANA DE INTEGRAÇÃO ACADÊMICA COMO UM PROCESSO DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA
Authors: Carius Ana Carolina , Marques Corrêa Cíntia Chung , Cabrera Pereira da Rosa Thiago Leite
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho objetivou destacar a importância da formação continuada para professores através de relatos de experiência vivenciados na Semana de Integração Acadêmica de uma instituição de ensino superior.  Sob o recorte de oficinas temáticas voltadas à discussão de práticas docentes envolvendo tecnologias, refletiu-se sobre a atividade docente e suas especificidades, discutindo-se peculiaridades inerentes ao trabalho docente e motivos que justificam a realização de formação continuada para o docente do ensino superior.  Buscou-se, nesse primeiro momento, conduzir os docentes participantes da formação a relacionarem suas práticas com as inquietações próprias do trabalho docente.  Diante da reflexão inicial, realizou-se uma coleta de dados, a partir de um questionário desenvolvido, em escala de Likert, pelos docentes responsáveis pela formação e aplicado aos vinte e um docentes participantes do encontro.  De posse destas informações, procedeu-se a uma breve análise quantitativa dos dados, que propiciou, aos docentes formadores, inferir conclusões a respeito das impressões do grupo estudado no tocante ao processo de formação continuada para sua atuação enquanto docente do ensino superior, o papel desempenhado pelas tecnologias em suas práticas docentes e a necessidade de se garantir uma formação adequada e atual aos docentes envolvidos sobre o uso de instrumentos tecnológicos em sala de aula, face a renovação acelerada dos saberes a partir da inserção da tecnologia no cotidiano.
CASO CLÍNICO COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM NA FARMACOLOGIA: PERCEPÇÃO DOS GRADUANDOS EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: André Tatiane Geralda , Renovato Rogério Dias
Published: December 2020

O processo de ensino/aprendizagem nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem, nas últimas décadas do século XX, tem-se evidenciado uma prática pedagógica tradicional e conservadora baseada no modelo biomédico. Esta prática acabou por impregnar na sociedade e em todos os níveis de escolaridade, uma visão de modo fragmentado do conhecimento, instigando aluno e professor a agir numa perspectiva metodológica de ensino fundamentada na dicotomia teoria e prática. Com o objetivo de ajudar na formação de enfermeiros no que diz respeito ao ensino do raciocínio diagnóstico, o estudo de caso, enquanto método de ensino, pode ser considerado um recurso favorável para gerar a atenção devida para sua utilização na prática clínica.  Nesse sentido o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi compreender a percepção dos graduandos de enfermagem sobre a estratégia doestudo de caso no ensino de farmacologia. Foi utilizado o estudo de caso multidisciplinar, que é uma prática do currículo integrado do curso de Enfermagem da UEMS criada com o projeto pedagógico de 2004, e que mesmo após duas mudanças de projeto (2012 e 2015) ele ainda permanece. Esse estudo de caso é desenvolvido no cenário das aulas práticas da 3ª série e envolve as disciplinas de  Enfermagem  em  Saúde do Adulto e do Idoso I. Dentro dos resultados foi encontrados duas categorias de análises: Estudo de caso como possibilidade de interdisciplinaridade; Estudo de caso como estratégia de ensino: aproximando teoria e prática. Considerações finais: Os alunos do curso de enfermagem da UEMS, participantes desse estudo, consideram que a estratégia do estudo de caso possibilita a interdisciplinaridade, ou seja, a integração das disciplinas, onde é possível relacionar e utilizar o conhecimento entre todas as disciplinas do curso de graduação.
CONCEPÇÕES E RECONHECIMENTO POR ESTUDANTES DE ENSINO MÉDIO SOBRE CIENTISTAS RENOMADOS NO ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA
Authors: Breunig Eduarda Tais , Amaral Alexia Santos , Goldschmidt Andréa Inês
Published: December 2020

A pesquisa buscou investigar as concepções de alunos de terceiro ano do ensino médio a respeito da imagem e do nome de dois cientistas importantes para a Biologia: Louis Pasteur e Gregor Mendel, através de questionários aplicados a setenta e oito alunos dos terceiros anos do ensino médio, de três escolas públicas do município XXX. Inicialmente foi aplicado o primeiro instrumento de investigação, contendo duas imagens distintas de cada um dos cientistas, não identificadas pelo nome e com questões semiestruturadas (fechadas e abertas). Em um segundo momento, foi aplicado um segundo questionário, que além de outras imagens dos cientistas, apresentavam os nomes dos mesmos. Após, os questionários foram recolhidos e tabulados. Os resultados mostram que o uso de imagens ainda é restrito em sala de aula; não tendo sido reconhecido Pasteur e Mendel, apenas parcialmente. Além disso, muitas concepções errôneas sobre cientistas e a ciência foram identificadas nas citações dos alunos. Apresentar de forma adequada e ampliada a História da Ciência pode contribuir como um dispositivo didático útil, tornando o ensino da ciência a nível médio mais interessante, além de facilitar a aprendizagem, mostrando que a ciência não é imutável e que depende de diversas pessoas.
UMA ANÁLISE DO LUGAR DA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE LICENCIADOS EM QUÍMICA DO IFRJ CAMPUS DUQUE DE CAXIAS
Authors: Oliveira Matheus Silva de , Penco Vanessa de Souza Nogueira , Gouveia Fernanda Paixão de Souza
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o lugar que a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) ocupou na formação de egressos do curso de Licenciatura em Química do IFRJ – campus Duque de Caxias (IFRJ – CDuC). Sendo assim, objetivou-se entender se a unidade curricular optativa, EJA, foi cursada pelos licenciados, compreendendo assim os seus impactos formativos. Além de identificar as experiências que tiveram com a modalidade, e se tais licenciados se sentem preparados para atuar nela. Avaliando também os pensamentos que têm sobre a EJA, e se é um possível campo de atuação futura. Para realizar a análise dos objetivos propostos, a coleta de dados ocorreu a partir de questionários semi-estruturados respondidos on-line. Desta forma, com os dados obtidos, entendeu-se que a modalidade sofre um desdém dentro do curso, zarpando do caráter optativa que a unidade curricular carrega, além da falta de estímulo de disciplinas que incentivem aos licenciandos desenvolver metodologias voltadas para a modalidade, encerrando com a falta de contato prático entre licenciando e modalidade. Portanto é necessário repensar o currículo do curso, visando permitir ao licenciando uma construção de conhecimento sobre esta modalidade durante a graduação.