bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Lumpur Lapindo sebagai Sumber Silika Magnetik untuk Adsorpsi Tumpahan Crude Palm Oil
Authors: Zuhara Wihda , Nuryanto Rahmad , Lusiana Retno Ariadi , Efiyanti Lisna
Published: April 2024

In this paper, synthesis of silica magnetite adsorbent has been carried out from Lapindo Mud silica and magnetite (Fe3O4) using the template Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) through a microemulsion process. This research aims to determine the adsorption ability of magnetic silica material as an adsorbent for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with varying contact times of 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 minutes and an adsorbate concentration of 0,2, 0,4, 0,6, 0,8 and 1 gram. Silica is obtained from Lapindo Mud extraction using the acid leaching method using HCl. Magnetite was prepared by mixing ferric chloride and ferrous chloride salts with an alkaline base. Synthesis of magnetic silica adsorbent using CTAB and 1-butanol as a surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. The characterization results from FTIR and SEM-EDX data identified the presence of silanol (Si-OH) and Fe-O groups, magnetic silica adsorbent showed an irregular morphological pattern, the size tended to be heterogeneous, contained Fe, O and Si elements. The XRD results show that there are peaks in the (200), (311) and (440) planes, the GSA results show that the pore surface area is 37.048 m2/g, the total pore volume is 0.321 cm3/g and the pore diameter is 33.907 nm, which indicates that the pores have a mesoporous structure. Based on this research, the optimum contact time is 60 minutes with adsorption kinetics following the pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm with an adsorption capacity of 1.76 mg/g.
تعليل التسمية ووحدة الصلة الاشتقاقية بين المسمى وذاته عِنْدَ ابن الأَثيرِ (ت606ه) في كتابه النَّهايةِ فِي غَريِبِ الحَديثِ وَالأَثرِ
Authors: توفيق علي مها جاسم , أحمد فاضل عبد
Published: April 2024

يُعدُّ كتاب النهاية في غريب الحديث والأثر للإمام ابن الأثير الجزري، من أبرز وأهم مصنفات القرن السادس الهجري، التي أسهمت في خدمة اللغة العربية بشكل عام، والحديث الشريف بشكل خاص؛ لبيان عدد كبير من الألفاظ الغريبة، وتعليل تسميتها، وفهم علل التسميات التي لأجلها, وبها تتكاثر الألفاظ، وتأخذ معاني مختلفة، ولذا فإنَّ بحثنا جاء بدراسة تعليل التَّسمية ووحدة الصلة الاشتقاقية بين المسمى وذاته في هذا الكتاب, وقسمته على ست فقرات, في الأولى: اشتقاق التسمية من الذات، وفي الثَّانية: اشتقاق التسمية من الصفة أو الوصف، وفي الثالثة: اشتقاق التسمية من الحال أو الهيئة، وفي الرابعة: اشتقاق التسمية من الفعل أو الحركة، وفي الخامسة: اشتقاق التسمية من الصوت، وفي السادسة: اشتقاق التسمية من اللون، و تبيَّن لنا فيه أنَّ اللفظ ليس غريبًا بالمعنى المعروف وإنَّما اشتق من اللغة الأصل, لكنَّه أصبح غريبًا؛ لقلة استعماله، واختلافه بحسب اختلاف نطقه، لأنَّ أغلب الأحاديث رويت بالمعنى بسبب امتزاج لغة العرب بلغة العجم عند مجيء الإسلام.
السياسة المالية للثوار في بلجيكا (1830 – 1831)
Authors: أحمد الاحبابي أسماء حافظ , ابراهيم الجنابي ليث محمد
Published: April 2024

حينما ندرس المساعي المالية التي أرادت مختلف الفئات الاجتماعية القيام بها لدعم الثورة الجديدة عام 1830، نتوصل إلى نتيجة مخيبة للآمال، إذ إن المجموعة التي تولت بشكل مباشر مسؤولية المشاركة في تلك الثورة، وقد ولد منها الزعماء الجدُد تقريباً، لم تكن لها صلة كبيرة بالأوساط الاجتماعية الثرية ولا ينتمون إلى البرجوازية العالية، ولا إلى الاقطاعيين النبلاء ولا حتى الى المؤسسات السياسية التي تستند أساساً إلى مؤهلاتهم الفكرية ولا تعتمد بأي حال من الأحوال على موقف اقتصادي قوي، ولكن باستثناءات قليلة، حاولت الثورة استقطاب الطبقات الوسطى لدعم قضيتهم بوسائل فعالة أخرى، ومن المؤكد أن صغار الصناعيين والتجار كانوا مهتمين بتدابير تحفيز الصناعة والتجارة بوجه عام، وقد تضمن برنامج الضرائب الحكومي مجموعة من اللوائح لصالح هذه الفئات، ومن الأمثلة على ذلك خفض بعض الرسوم الكمركية ورسوم الاختراع بأكثر من (25%) وكانت الخسارة المتكبدة لصالح هذه المجموعات حتى 5/1 من مجموع الخسائر الضريبية، لقد أدى العجز في الميزانية نتيجة سوء الإدارة المالية إلى دين عام طويل الأجل، وبذلك واجهت بلجيكا ظاهرة ذات آثار متعددة وأن ضعف موقف الحكومة في كاليه أدى أيضاً إلى ارتفاع معدل السيولة والسداد، و على اثر ذلك تم فرض ضرائب كبيرة على السكان، وأن الاشخاص الذين يستطيعون دفع جميع الضرائب المفروضة عليهم هم فقط من يحق لهم المشاركة في الانتخابات البلجيكية.
Speech Acts as a Strategy of Bias in Donald Trump’s Political Speeches
Authors: Mohammed Ashwaq Jasim , Al-Aadili Nesaem Mehdi
Published: April 2024

This study deals with analyzing bias in selected political speeches delivered by Donald Trump in different occasions from a pragmatic perspective, namely speech act theory. The reason behind choosing this topic is that it has not been given its due attention, especially from a pragmatic perspective, to the best of the researcher’s knowledge. The study aims at finding out the pragmatic strategies, namely speech acts that American politicians exploit to issue bias in their political speeches. Six speeches have been chosen randomly to be analysed as far as types of speech acts are concerned. Data analysis is followed by a table and a figure to illustrate the frequency and percentage of the identified speech act. Finally, there are the main conclusions that the researcher arrived at.
PEMBELAJARAN BERBICARA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE MUDZAKARAH DI SMK AL-HUDA TURALAK KABUPATEN CIAMIS
Authors: Setiawan Agus Setiawan , Herdiana Herdiana , Juandi Juju
Published: April 2024

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : 1) Ingin mendeskripsikan perencanaan pembelajaran berbicara dengan menggunakan metode mudzakarah di SMK Al-huda Turalak Kabupaten Ciamis. 2) Ingin mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbicara dengan menggunakan metode mudzakarah di SMK Al-huda Turalak Kabupaten Ciamis. 3) Ingin mengetahui perubahan kemampuan siswa dalam pembelajaran berbicara setelah menggunakan metode mudzakarah di SMK Al-huda Turalak Kabupaten Ciamis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuanitataif dengan rancangan deskriptif. Variabel pada penelitian ini terdiri dari satu variabel yaitu pembelajaran berbicara dengan menggunakan metode mudzakarah. Variabel ini mempunyai tiga subvariabel yaitu; 1) perencanaan pembelajaran, 2) pelaksanaan pembelajaran, 3) perubahan kemampuan siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas XI SMK Al Huda Turalak. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik kajian pustaka, teknik observasi, teknik pembelajaran dan teknik tes. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu 1) perencanaan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode mudzakarah di SMK Al-huda Turalak Kabupaten Ciamis, guru melakukan analisis terhadap perencanaan pembelajaran berbicara, terbukti sesuai dengan metode mudzakarah yang digunakan pembelajaran. Pernyataan tersebut diperkuat dengan penilaian observatory terhadap keseluruhan komponen pembelajaran. 2) pelaksanaan dengan metode pembelajaran Mudzakarah yaitu cukup memberikan keyakinan akan keberhasilan guru dan siswa dalam menempuh langkah-langkah pembelajaran membaca pemahaman dalam cerpen yang disajikan dengan penerapan metode mudzakarah.. 3) Perubahan kemampuan siswa dalam pembelajaran berbicara di lingkungan belajar menggunakan metode mudzakarah yaitu kelompok eksperimen yang dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode mudzakarah pada pembelajaran berbicara. Perolehan rata-rata skor prates yaitu 65,33 sedangkan pada postes diperoleh rata-rata skor 84,67. Dengan demikian terdapat perubahan kemampuan siswa yang buktikan dengan selisih skor antara prates dan pascates yaitu 19,34. Kelompok kontrol yang dilakukan  dengan menerapkan teknik tanyajawab pada pembelajaran membaca pemahaman dalam cerpen. Perolehan rata-rata skor  prates yaitu 60,83 sedangkan pada pascates diperoleh rata-rata skor 81,25. Dengan demikian terdapat perubahan kemampuan siswa yang dibuktikan dengan selisih skor antara prates dan pascates yaitu 20,42.
Analisis Semiotika Roland Barthes Pada Iklan Kopi Gula Aren Versi “Angga Aldi Yunanda & Syifa Hadju”
Authors: Wijaya Putri Rachmah , Widyanigsih Nina
Published: April 2024

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis makna iklan kopi "Gula Aren" versi Angga Aldi Yunanda dan Syifa Hadju dengan menggunakan teori semiotika Roland Barthes. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan semiotika. Data yang dianalisis adalah gambar, teks, dan suara yang terdapat dalam iklan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iklan kopi "Gula Aren" mengandung makna denotasi, konotasi, dan mitos yang berkaitan dengan konsep cinta, kebahagiaan, dan kesehatan. Iklan ini juga menggunakan strategi persuasif untuk menarik minat konsumen dengan memanfaatkan popularitas dua bintang muda sebagai endorser.
KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DALAM PODCAST DEDDY CORBUZIER PADA CHANNEL YOUTUBE
Authors: Heryani Dini , Hendaryan Hendaryan , Hidayatullah Asep
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesantuan berbahasa dalam Podcast Deddy Corbuzier pada Channel Youtube sebagai alternatif bahan ajar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah tuturan dari Podcast Deddy Corbuzier pada Channel Youtube. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik telaah pustaka, teknik simak, teknik catat, melakukan kodifikasi atau menandai data, teknik analisis data. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, analisis data dan penyimpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa karakteristik kesantunan berbahasa tuturan dalam Podcast Deddy Corbuzier pada Channel Youtube ditemukan adanya pematuhan kesantunan berbahasa 19 data dengan presentase 42% dan pelanggaran prinsip kesantunan berbahasa 26 data dengan presentase 57%
KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DALAM KOLOM KOMENTAR MEDIA SOSIAL TIKTOK AKUN DENISE CHARIESTA (Alternatif Model Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Teks Diskusi)
Authors: Maulida Farisa Devina , Hendaryan Hendaryan , Andini Siti
Published: April 2024

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini berjudul “Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Kolom Komentar Media Sosial Tiktok Akun Denise Chariesta (Alternatif Model Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Teks Diskusi)”. Adapun yang menjadi latar belakang penelitian ini yaitu bahwa pada dasarnya bahasa yang digunakan dalam media sosial tiktok sangat beragam dan banyak sekali yang tidak lagi memperhatikan kaidah-kaidah penggunaan bahasa itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Kolom Komentar Media Sosial Tiktok Akun Dense Chariesta mendeskripsikan kesesuain kesantunan berbahasa dengan kriteria bahan ajar dan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk alternatif model bahan ajar dalam pembelajaran teks diskusi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penlitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah tuturan kolom komentar yang ada dalam lima konten tiktok Denise Chariesta yaitu konten Holang Kaya Makan Pizza, Beruang Siaga : temenin, anterin, bayarin, Ini Alasan Pipi Gue Chubby !! Paham?, Cemilan Bumil 270.000, dan Bumil Ngidam Makanan Mahal. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik telaah pustaka, teknik simak, teknik dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan, yakni pengumpulan data, reduksi data, dan penyimpulan data. Hasil penelitian kesantunan berbahasa ini menunjukkan bahwa wujud karakteristik kesantunan berbahasa tuturan dalam kolom komentar media sosial tiktok akun Denise Chariesta ditemukan (1) adanya pematuhan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa, (2) adanya pelanggaran prinsip kesantunan berbahasa, kesantunan berbahasa dalam kolom komentar media sosial tiktok akun Denise Chariesta layak dijadikan sebagai bahan ajar karena sudah sesuai dengan prinsip relevansi, konsistensi, dan kecukupan dan bisa dijadikan model bahan ajar sesuai dengan bahan ajar yang ideal.
NILAI KARAKTER DALAM NOVEL MATAHARI MINOR KARYA TERE LIYE (Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Menganalisis Dari Novel)
Authors: Setiawan Regita Puji Pramesti , Munir Sirojul , Hidayatullah Asep
Published: April 2024

Dalam dunia pendidikan pasti permasalahan sering terjadi baik itu dari perangkat pembelajaran, media pembelajaran dan lain sebagainya. Dalam novel ini salah satu permasalahannya yaitu mengenai bahan ajar yang digunakan oleh guru. Bahan ajar mengenai novel kurang baik dan juga tidak ada pembahasan mengenai nilai karakter serta kurang bervariasinya contoh teks yang disajikan dalam paket buku yang membuat siswa kurang tertarik dalam pembelajaran. Sehingga belum memenuhi kriteria bahan ajar yang baik karena belum sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu mengoptimalkan karakter disekolah sebagai salah satu solusi menahan permasalahan ini terhadap peserta didik melalui Novel Matahari Minor karya Tere Liye.Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang nilai karakter dalam novel Matahari Minor karya Tere Liye. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik studi pustaka, teknik analisis, dan teknik dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam novel Matahari Minor karya Tere Liye yaitu disiplin, kerja keras, kreatif, bersahabat, dan cinta damai.Kata Kunci: novel, nilai karakter
PENGARUH PENERAPAN ICE BREAKING TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VII SMPN 1 MALANGBONG
Authors: Rengganis Anggit , Agustini Rina , Hidayat Taufuk
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul “Pengaruh Penerapan Ice Breaking Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VII SMPN 1 Malangbong" Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : 1)Mendeskripsikan penerapan Ice Breaking pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia kelas VII SMPN 1 Malangbong.2) mendeskripsikan motivasi belajar siswa kelas VI SMPN 1 Malangbong setelah dilakukan penerapan Ice Breaking.3)mendeskripsikan pengaruh penerapan Ice Breaking terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kela VII SMPN 1 Malangbong. Metode yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik angket, observasi, dan dokumentasi Peneliti menggunakan langkah-langkah metode analisis data kuantitatif yaitu 1) Editing (penyuntingan) 2)Koding (pengkodean) 3) Tabulating (tabulasi) Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut bahwa. Analisis data menggunakan korelasi sederhana, teknik regresi, yang terdiri dari regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa: terdapat hubungan positif antara Ice Breaking dengan Motivasi Belajar siswa kelas VII SMPN 1 Malangbong. Ini berarti bahwa semakin baik penerapan Ice Breaking semakin baik pula Motivasi Belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data Terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan Ice Breaking terhadap motivasi belajar siswa. Hal tersebut diperoleh berdasarkan hasil uji t tingkat signifikan 0,5 diperoleh thitung = 5,055 sedangkan ttabel = 0,584. Kata Kunci: Ice Breaking,Motivasi Belajar
GAYA BAHASA SATIRE DALAM DALAM CHANNEL YOUTUBE ROCKY GERUNG OFFICIAL (Alternatif Bahan Ajar Pembelajaran Puisi KD 4.17 Kelas X
Authors: Ilham Ilmiawan , Rohayati Nia , Herdiana Herdiana
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul Gaya Bahasa satire dalam channel Youtube Rocky Gerung Official. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan permasalahan gaya bahasa satire apa saja yang terdapat pada konten tersebut dan implikasi terhadap pengembangan bahan ajar pada KD.4.17 sehingga pendidik dituntut untuk memilih dan menggunakan bahan ajar yang sesuai dengan keriterianya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, konten youtube channel Rocky Gerung diharapkan bisa menjadi bahan ajar yang sesuai dengan kriteria bahan ajar dengan mengkaji tentang gaya bahasa satire dalam konten tersebut sebagai alternatif bahan pembelajaran dalam menelan unsur dari konten youtube channe, Rocky Gerung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan gaya bahasa yang terdapat dalam konten youtube channel Rocky Gerung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, karena penulis ingin mendeskripsikan gaya bahasa yang terdapat pada konten youtube channel Rocky Gerung. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah gaya bahasa dalam konten youtube channel Rocky Gerung. Sumber  yang digunakan yaitu channel youtube Rocky Gerung Official, sedangkan  penelitian ini yaitu berupa contoh contoh kata satire yang dikomunikasikan oleh Rocky Gerung dalam konen youtub channel Rocky Gerung Official. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adlah teknik telaah pustaka, teknik analisis dan teknik dokumentasi. Berdasarkan pembahasan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan gaya bahasa pada konten channel Youtube Rocky Gerung terdapat dua gaya Bahasa satire yaitu 1). Satire Horatian yang memiliki makna sebagai kata sindiran yang digunakan untuk menyindir dengan halus dan tidak menyinggung pihak yang di sindir, 2). Gaya Bahasa satire Juvenalian yang memiliki makna sebagai gaya Bahasa sindiran untuk menyindir dengan keras dan mempermalukan supaya dapat membuat pihak yang di sindir berpikir.Kata Kunci: Rocky Gerung, Gaya Bahasa, Satire, Horatian, Juvenalian.
Evaluation of the Training Given to Emergency Department Nurses on Ventrogluteal Site Injection Administration: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Kılıç Meryem , Meteris Çisem
Published: April 2024

Evidence-based data recommends injection to the ventrogluteal (VG) site instead of the dorsogluteal (DG) site for intramuscular injection (IMI) due to the risk of sciatic nerve damage. Despite this, it has been seen that nurses do not prefer this site due to insufficient information and negative opinions. The aim of this study was to determine how the training on administering an injection to the site provided to the nurses affects their knowledge, view and preference for the practice. The study design was a single-group, quasi-experimental pretest-posttest. The study was conducted with 30 nurses in the Adult Emergency Service of Hacettepe University Hospitals in Ankara, Turkey, between May and August 2020. The data was collected by using a nurse information form and forms that evaluated the nurses’ knowledge, opinions and practices regarding using the VG site. The data was analysed by using number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Friedman test, Wilcoxon test, and McNemar test. As a result of the study, it was found that while the views of 86.7% (n = 26) of the nurses about the VG site changed positively after the training, the mean score of the VG site was 14.80+3.09 before the training, and 18.50+1.68 after the training (p < .001). After the training, 7 of 16 nurses started to prefer the VG site for injection administration (p > .05). The training provided on the VG site increased the knowledge of nurses, changed their views, and affected their preference for the practice. It is recommended that nurses repeat the training on IMI administration to the VG site and assess their abilities on a regular basis.
Aligning Nigeria’s International Obligations: A Comprehensive Analysis of Environmental Protection within the Industrial Law and Policy Framework
Authors: Uche Lilian Onyinyechi , Azoro-Amadi Oluchi
Published: April 2024

Environmental protection is a global concern but action taken varies widely. The absence of sustainable practices in labour and industrial policies in Nigeria has contributed significantly to environmental degradation. This is due to the non-internalisation of environmental concerns and non-adherence to international environmental laws and obligations, which has led to the absence of environmental protection standards as a factor in investment decisions. Studies have shown that minimising environmental impact is essential for the planet and the long-term success and reputation of a business. Therefore, in this article it is argued that a comprehensive set of guidelines and procedures to govern operations in areas such as waste management pollution, energy use, and emissions reduction, as well as employee training and engagement in sustainable practices, will minimise environmental footprints and positively impact on communities. Understanding that commitment to international obligations and national policies reflects the belief that business has a crucial role in preserving the environment for future generations, a regular assessment of progress towards meeting these obligations and seeking opportunities for continuous improvement in national laws are recommended. Employing a legal analysis and literature review methodology, the article will outline and review environmental and industrial policies in Nigeria to see what review or amendment options are available in line with the commitments and obligations under international law, while also making inferences from select countries.
The African Court’s Jurisdiction over the Crime of Unconstitutional Change of Government and the African Union’s Sanctions Regime: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Mushoriwa Linda
Published: April 2024

This paper provides a comparative assessment of the criminalisation of unconstitutional change of government before the proposed African Court of Justice and Human Rights (African Court), and the African Union’s sanctions regime, which is part of its legal and policy framework to respond to unconstitutional change of government. Using Niger and Gabon as case studies, the paper examines the efficacy of the African Union (and the Economic Community of West African States, in the case of Niger) sanctions regime in response to the recent military coups in these selected countries. It is argued that the African Union’s policy and legal framework in response to unconstitutional change of government and the sanctions regime have not been effective in countering the scourge of unconstitutional change of government on the African continent. The paper then examines the potential of Article 28E of the Malabo Protocol, which criminalises unconstitutional change of government, to effectively address the problem of recurring unconstitutional change of government in Africa. It concludes that this Article has the potential to effectively address the problem of unconstitutional change of government when the African Court becomes operational.
Ethical Considerations for Higher Education ODL Institutions: Conceptual Framework
Authors: Nthoesane Meiya G
Published: April 2024

Ethics have taken on increased significance within higher education open and distance learning (ODL) institutions since their advent into digitalisation, having far-reaching consequences for theory, research, policymaking and practice alike. This article analyses existing scholarship on ethical aspects such as academic integrity, learner privacy concerns, social justice considerations and technological ethics in ODL provision. Utilising multidisciplinary perspectives such as virtue ethics, social contract theory, ethical frameworks and critical pedagogy, the article synthesises key findings and develops a conceptual framework for ethical governance within ODL institutions. This framework emphasises proactive steps for responding to ethical challenges, ongoing dialogue, collaboration and innovation to foster ethical excellence and the creation of regulatory frameworks and guidelines to govern ethical practice. Critics of existing literature and identification of research gaps highlight an urgent need for multi-disciplinary, longitudinal studies and policy interventions that advance ethical considerations within ODL provision. Overall, this article emphasises the utmost significance of ethics in online education and calls for concerted efforts to uphold ethical principles and values within ODL institutions in order to protect the integrity and effectiveness of learning experiences online.
Pengaruh Perendaman Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Giberelin (GA3) pada Perkecambahan Benih Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) Varietas S795
Authors: Rohman Febri Ainur , Taufika Ramadhan
Published: April 2024

Coffee is one of the plantation commodities that has an important role in the national economy, especially as a source of foreign exchange because it has high economic value. The productivity of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Indonesia in the 2019/2020 period decreased by 2.7% with a total production of around 95 million sacks. This study aims to determine the effect of gibberellin (GA3) on the germination of the arabica coffee bean variety S795. The experimental design was a completely randomized design factorial consisting of two factors with four replications for each treatment. The first factor was the plant growth regulator gibberellin concentration which consisted of 100 ppm (K1), 200 ppm (K2), and 300 ppm (K3). The second factor is the soaking time which consists of 12 hours (P1) and 24 hours (P2). The result showed that the interaction between GA3 concentration and soaking time had no significant effect on all observed parameters (germination percentage, germination rate, seedling height) in the germination of arabica coffee bean variety S795. Based on the table of average interactions between GA3 concentration and soaking time, it can be concluded that the K1P1 treatment with 12 hours of soaking time at a concentration of 100 ppm was the best treatment for the parameters of germination percentage, seedling height, and root length. The K2P1 treatment with 12 hours of immersion time at a concentration of 200 ppm was the best treatment for the germination rate parameter, namely 36.34 days.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIK BIJI KOPI HASIL PRODUKSI UNIT USAHA DI KECAMATAN KEBUN TEBU LAMPUNG BARAT
Authors: Harahap M. Perdiansyah Mulia , Analianasari Analianasari , Agasi Taufik Nugraha
Published: April 2024

Gapoktan Triguna memiliki beberapa unit usaha yang mengahasilkan biji kopi diantaranya Rona, Rope, dan TM Coffee. Informasi tentang karakteristik biji kopi Rona, Rope, dan TM Coffee belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini menggunakan biji kopi petik merah yang diperoleh dari petani desa Tribudisyukur, Kec. Kebun Tebu, Kab. Lampung Barat dengan berbagai pengolahan pasca panen. Pada penelitian ini masing- masing sampel biji kopi Rona, Rope, dan TM Coffee yang sudah diproses pasca panen diambil secara acak untuk penentuan karakteristik dan kualitas biji kopi yang meliputi nilai cacat dan mutu biji kopi, kopi lolos ayakan, kadar kotoran kopi, jumlah biji per 500 g, kerapatan massa dan persentase kopi lanang. Analisis pada penelitian ini disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil analisis karakteristik fisik biji kopi di ketiga unit usaha di Kecamatan Kebun Tebu Lampung Barat diketahui bahwa biji kopi Rona memiliki karakteristik fisik terbaik dibandingkan kedua unit usaha lainnya. Biji kopi Rona memiliki nilai cacat dan kadar kotoroan terkecil dari kedua unit usaha lainnya dan persentase biji kopi tertahan di ayakan 8 mm tertinggi yaitu sebesar 91,33% dengan kerapatan massa sebesar 1,17 g/cm3, sedangkan untuk jumlah biji per 500 g terbanyak adalah biji kopi TM Coffee dan persentase kopi lanang tertinggi dihasilkan oleh biji kopi Rope.
Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of evidence reported in the leading orthodontic journals
Authors: Abubakar Khadijah Magaji , Tashkandi Nada , Ferguson Donald , Fouad Maha , Allam Eman
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of research reporting of the most recent orthodontic literature published in three of the highest impact factor orthodontic journals.

Material and Methods:

The American Journals of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (AJODO), European Journal of Orthodontics (EJO), and Angle Orthodontist (AO) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 2018 to March 2022. Trials were evaluated using the consolidated standards of reporting trial (CONSORT) checklist. Independent t-test was used to compare pre-COVID and post-COVID RCTs across CONSORT percentages and to compare journals where those trials were published. Multiple linear regressions were used to study the association of different characteristics with the CONSORT percentage scores. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 117 RCTs were retrieved from the three journals between January 2018 and March 2022. Thesample was classified as 63 pre-COVID studies (53.8%) and 54 (46.2%) post-COVID studies published in three orthodontics journals (27 in AJODO [23.1%], 45 [38.5%] in AO, and 45 [38.5%] in the EJO). The mean percentage of CONSORT compliance was 84.51% ± 14.34%. There was a statistically significant association of CONSORT scores with journals where the trials were published. Compared to AJODO, AO had a lower CONSORT percentage by an average of 18.81, P < 0.001. Independent t-test was performed to compare RCTs pre/post-COVID across CONSORT percentages. It showed no statistically significant difference as the mean compliance was 84.96 ± 16.01 for the pre-COVID studies and 83.99 ± 12.25 for post-COVID (P = 0.711).

Conclusion:

Overall, CONSORT mean score was 84.51% ± 14.34%. AJODO had the highest CONSORT compliance score while AO had the least compliance score. The quality of reporting of RCTs in orthodontic journals was not affected by the pandemic.
Phototoxicity and photoallergy – A brief review on pathogenesis, recent advances, and approach to a patient with photosensitivity
Authors: Pai Sathish B. , Anchan Vinayak N.
Published: April 2024

Photosensitivity can result in phototoxic or photoallergic reactions. Phototoxicity is the more frequent of the two and could be acute or chronic. Clinically, erythema and edema are the hallmarks of acute phototoxic reactions. There are two mechanisms by which phototoxic reactions can happen; photodynamic (which is oxygen dependent) and non-photodynamic (which is oxygen independent). Ultraviolet B (UVB) and less effectively UVA can cause phototoxic reactions. The main action spectrum for chronic phototoxicity falls in the UVB range, as compared to the UVA rays. Other phototoxic reactions include lichenoid or lichen planus such as reaction and photo-onycholysis. Photoallergic reactions usually are due to delayed hypersensitivity reaction that manifests with papular or eczematous eruptions. Topical medications are typically the most frequent provoking cause of photoallergic skin lesions. A thorough history with detailed clinical examination is necessary for the management of photosensitivity. Availability of newer diagnostic techniques and treatment modalities gives a promising approach to the management of photo-aggravated dermatoses.
Frozen shoulder release: Ten-step technique
Authors: Pandey Vinay K.
Published: April 2024

Frozen shoulder is a condition associated with painful restriction of shoulder joint movement. This condition has a prevalence of 2–5% in the general population, seen most often in females and the diabetic population. It is essentially a self-limiting condition passing through stages of freezing, frozen, and thawing. It has been reported that up to 90% of patients recover with conservative measures. Patients with more severe initial symptoms, younger age at the time of onset, and reduction in motion despite four months of compliance with therapy are most likely to require surgery. The author presents ten-step techniques for frozen shoulder release in cases of failed conservative trials in the management of frozen shoulder.
Therapeutic effects of mobilization in alleviating pain and improving shoulder mobility in adhesive capsulitis – A systematic review
Authors: Shahzad Aqdas , Azhar Muhammad , Zafar Hassan , Khan Muhammad A. , Shakir Sana
Published: April 2024

Frozen shoulder (FS) is a painful clinical disease that lasts over three months and affects 3–5% of the general population. The main goal of this review was to show how mobilization techniques can affect FS treatment compared to other physiotherapy options. A systematic review of randomized controlled studies from CINAHL, MEDLINE, AMED, and PubMed published after 2010. Studies that included patients 18 or older with FS, but no other underlying systemic disorders were eligible. The review focused on two primary outcomes: Pain levels and how effectively patients could move their shoulders. The quality of the studies was assessed using the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) technique. Six randomized controlled studies with a PEDro score of 5/10 that met the study requirements were included. The pain was reduced in three of the five investigations with P < 0.05, whereas the remaining studies yielded neutral findings in lowering pain in patients with FS. All of the individuals’ range of motion (ROM) was evaluated. With P < 0.05, four of the six trials showed an improvement in shoulder ROM. Bending, straightening, moving arms away from the body, bringing them back in, internal rotation, and external rotation were all assessed and shown to be significant with P ≤ 0.05. Most studies suggested that patients, who have received mobilization treatment, experienced positive improvements. Techniques such as Mulligan mobilization, scapular mobilization, passive mobilization, and angular joint mobilization have proven effective in addressing pain and improving the ROM in individuals with FSs.
Pemantapan Kompetensi Guru dalam Mendesain Penilaian dalam Mengimplementasi Merdeka Belajar
Authors: Dedek Andrian  , Agusnimar  , Nofriyandi  , Febri Loska  , Siti Nurhalimah  , Masrianti Fadillah
Published: April 2024

Guru adalah kunci keberhasilan penerapan perubahan kurikulum di Indonesia. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang penerapan atau tata cara penerapan kurikulum merdeka belajar secara optimal. Kegiatan ini berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan kepala sekolah yang masih kebingungan dalam menerapkan kurikulum merdeka belajar, mulai dari pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran, dan media pembelajaran, pelaksanaan kegiatan belajar mandiri, dan penilaian kurikulum merdeka belajar. Guru sangat jarang mendapatkan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi mengajar. Peserta kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah seluruh guru mata pelajaran, wakil kepala sekolah, dan kepala sekolah. Metode kegiatan ini berupa workshop yang diberikan langsung kepada kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, dan guru. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan 87% guru memahami cara penerapan kurikulum merdeka belajar dan mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran pada kurikulum mandiri. Para guru merasa senang bisa mengikuti kegiatan ini karena para guru kesulitan mendapatkan pelatihan langsung di sekolahnya
Pelatihan Penulisan Karya Tulis Ilmiah kepada Guru-guru di SDN 42 Pekanbaru
Authors: Fauziah Nurul , Oktariani Oktariani , Roizawati Roizawati , Rahmawati Rahmawati
Published: April 2024

The aim of this community service activity is to provide training in writing scientific papers to teachers at SDN 42 Pekanbaru.  The problem with partners is that there is still a low level of publication of teachers scientific papers in national journals and accredited national journals, especially is scientific publications are one of the main requirements for promotion. Teachers are asked to adapt their PTK research reports to the selected journal template. Starting from the title component to the bibliography. The completed journal will be sent to the speakers email for review before the journal is submitted to each targeted journal. In conclusion, teachers understand how to write scientific papers in journal form, they can contribute to increasing scientific literacy and articles that have been published in scientific journals can have significant benefits in the field of administration, including rank and educational administration.
THE NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE MODELS OF FREEDOM: THE PROBLEM STATEMENT
Authors: Busov Sergey V.
Published: April 2024

The article presents two alternative concepts that have been traced over the centuries: positive freedom is characterised by the desire of the subject to be his own master, bearing responsibility for his actions, and negative freedom is characterised by the desire to eliminate all obstacles on the way to it. The concept of synthesis of both models of freedom is presented by I. Berlin. The problem of the correlation between freedom and justice is becoming urgent.
Concepts of culture of digital society in contemporary sociology
Authors: Saltanovich I. P.
Published: April 2024

This article makes an attempt to streamline existing sociological approaches to studying culture of digital society. First of all, the phenomenon of digital society is characterised and defined. Its specificity is revealed. Then the transition is made directly to the phenomenon of culture of digital society. The main objective of this article is to show connection between the concept of culture of digital society and sociological theories of culture. To achieve it, the article provides a review of sociological theories of culture. In particular, the theories of P.A. Sorokin, T. Parsons and M.S. Archer are considered. The article demonstrates the specifics of the culture of digital society. The historical stages of development of this phenomenon are highlighted. A trend towards digitalisation of public life is identified. Next, the concept of culture of digital society is discussed directly. The final part of the article emphasises the connections between the culture of digital society and general sociological theories of culture. Finally, new research questions regarding further study and conceptualisation of the culture of digital society are posed. In conclusion, the author accentuates the necessity to conduct empirical research on specific and general cases related to the studied concept.
Brand promotion through online advertising: current tools
Authors: Arzhanova K. A. , Eremeeva A. I.
Published: April 2024

In the conducted research, the authors describe the features of brand promotion using Internet marketing tools. The key types of online advertising and their differences are given alongside with the data on the Internet advertising market and its specifics. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of brand promotion with the help of online advertising. To achieve it, the following objectives were set: to consider the available types of online advertising; to analyse the cases of 5 Russian companies; to determine the specifics of promoting companies through advertising on the Internet. The research methodology was based on the works on Internet marketing and brand promotion. The authors analysed 5 cases of large Russian companies related to Internet marketing: Aviasales, Yota, Dodo Pizza, Tinkoff Bank, Samokat. In particular, the effective influence marketing of Aviasales and its integration with Yandex were noted alongside with the use of contextual, targeted and unusual advertising by Yota to increase awareness. In addition, the features of managing SMM (social media marketing) by Dodo Pizza, effective advertising campaigns of Tinkoff Bank and commercials based on the research of the target audience of Samokat were highlighted. The following characteristics of brand promotion using online advertising were identified: interactivity, the ability to test advertising creatives, simplicity of calculating results, the need to create bright advertising campaigns in order to increase brand competitiveness.
Digital economy and education in China: globalisation and cyber sovereignty
Authors: Zakharov M. Yu. , Shishkova A. V.
Published: April 2024

The article studies the socio-cultural specifics of digitalisation of public administration system, economy, and education of China. With the help of historical and philosophical, comparative, and hermeneutic methods alongside with the analysis of secondary sources and statistical information, the authors examine the socio- cultural features of Chinese strategy of digital breakthrough and the impact this strategy may have on the global world. The following problematic areas of digitalisation have been identified: transparency of public administration system that is relevant to the Zeitgeist and demanded by the population versus strict state control over various spheres of life; the global Internet versus cyber sovereignty; maintaining a balance between internationalisation and localisation of Chinese education. Several potential spheres of influence on the international community have been highlighted: world-class standardisation; demand for Chinese education (including education in the field of public administration) in the global market for educational services; development of artificial intelligence due to national peculiarities of China (a huge volume of domestic data, the possibility of mass implementation of developments, financial capabilities of the country). Special attention is given to the problem of cyber sovereignty. Within its framework, three main types of security that the Chinese information sphere concentrates on are analysed: computer, cognitive, information and psychological
Promotion of freelance services in the digital environment
Authors: Akhmaeva L. G.
Published: April 2024

The article analyses the concept of freelance (temporary, project employment) within the framework of new approaches to employment and changes in the perception of remote and hybrid forms of employment by society and business after the COVID-19 pandemic. The following segments of the labour market where freelancing is the most common element are considered: copywriting, law, software development, design of buildings and structures, creation of graphic, audio and video content, consulting, provision of expertise, tutoring. The portrait of a freelancer is studied in detail according to such characteristics as the region of residence, sex, average age, the share of “real” freelancers and the share of part-timers, experience of interaction with freelance platforms, tax status, single and team players, the reasons for choosing freelancing as a form of employment, the most valuable component of freelancing, the disadvantages of freelancing as a form of employment and motivation of freelancers. The main methods of promoting freelance services in the digital environment are identified: a portfolio site, active maintenance of a professional profile in social networks and its advertising, registration on aggregator sites, freelance and human-cloud platforms. The main element of the portfolio site is highlighted – the works performed by a freelancer (texts, photographs, graphics and similar materials) – along with the key factors that a freelancer needs to consider when creating and maintaining a portfolio site and the most common mistakes
Modeling of stakeholder influence on effectiveness of team decisions in the digital network space of crisis management centres of the EMERCOM of Russia
Authors: Popov T. V.
Published: April 2024

The article deals with issues related to modeling of stakeholder influence on effectiveness (sustainability) of teamwork in crisis management centres (hereinafter referred to as CMC) of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (hereinafter referred to as EMERCOM of Russia) while analysing, forecasting development and resolving/reducing conflictness of social emergencies (hereinafter referred to as SE). The problem is considered from the perspective of using a nonlinear approach in modeling in the form of the Verhulst equation which allows to analyse complex social processes. The influence of different stakeholder groups is modeled at different values of the “a” parameter of its intensity– weak, medium, strong. The article presents the results of practical research on assessing the influence of stakeholders, primarily the external ones, on effectiveness (sustainability) of the CMC teamwork in the analysis, forecast of development, and resolution/reduction of conflictness of SE. The definition of SE is given as an attractor that has emerged due to unresolved social contradictions which have caused an imbalance in public relations. The work of the CMC teams is conducted in the digital network environment of the centres, and it introduces certain specifics into its activities. The research shows the general scheme of the stakeholder approach implementation in team management in the analysis, forecast of development and resolution/reduction of conflictness of SE. The author presents the results of the nonlinear modeling of effectiveness (sustainability) of the CMC teamwork, depending on the intensity of stakeholder influence on decisions made by the team. A system of indicators characterising the regression model of the “a” coefficient of stakeholder influence is proposed, the specific values of which can be measured during field research. Three modes (three types of attractors) of teamwork are investigated. The key objective of the study is to create prerequisites for the formation of a digital twin of the CMC teamwork of the EMERCOM of Russia in SE.
Post-pandemic: outcomes and prospects of the digitalisation of higher education
Authors: Yudina T. N. , Semochkina N. N.
Published: April 2024

The article attempts to analyse the interim results of digitalisation of the Russian higher education system in the post-pandemic period. The research methods include an analysis of regulatory documents, statistical analysis of data gathered by the Federal State Statistics Service, and a secondary analysis of results from research centres of the Higher School of Economics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, and others. The main findings are related to the analysis of dynamics of indicators responsible for transformation of the social space in the higher education system during digitalisation. The authors view the digitalisation of higher school as a factor that perpetuates social inequality and stimulates the development of its new forms. They conclude that maintaining distance learning in universities contributes to communication barriers within the student community and between students and faculty as well. Slow increase in the digital literacy of teachers is emphasised. During the analysis, the authors conclude that the transformation of higher school through digitalisation is progressing at quite slow rate due to unhurried provision of universities with financial, technical, and personnel resources necessary for the digital transition. The novelty of the work lies in documenting the results of the transformation of social relations within the higher education system during digitalisation and defining its characteristic features, including the readiness of participants of the educational process to implement specific state vectors of the transformation of the Russian higher education
Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhang Gongrui
Published: April 2024

Precombustion carbon capture converts fossil fuels to CO2 and H2, simultaneously, it is also a promising method for carbon capture. Therefore, fuel cells are a critical technology during pre-combustion capture, hence, this paper will focus on fuel cells. Fuel cells are like batteries, which produce electricity through fuels such as hydrogen and oxygen. Within the fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen are fed though the anode and cathode respectively. During this process, electrocatalysts stand up as a crucial component by accelerating the seperation of molecules into proton and electrons at the anode and combining them into water at the cathode, enhancing the efficiency of converting fuel into electricity by facilitating faster reactions. Consequently, this paper’s principal objective will be to investigate how different electrocatalysts affect the reaction rate during CO2 capture when passing through a fuel cell. In this paper, the criteria for electrocatalysts will first be evaluated by examining prior research works, covering the kinetics and efficiency of the catalysts, it will also examine methods for assessing these aspects. Then, a comparison between noble metal catalysts and non-noble metal catalysts will be made due to their high demands in the current catalyst market. This is achieved by carrying on the established criteria from the previous section and a conclusion will be drawn as to what type of catalyst will be suited for different uses. As a result of this comparison, researcher may decides to use noble metal catalysts for efficiency, while non-noble metal catalysts are more favored for their cost-effective due to their ability to be engineered into different catalysts. Finally, this paper will also outlook the challenges facing fuel cells in our current society and propose some future research goals that could be addressed.