bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the percentage of success of semi-micrografting to propagate Citrus spp. free of Tristeza virus and Fusarium oxysporum-related diseases
Authors: Weerasinghe P. D. , Basnayake B. M. V. S. , Dassanayake E. M. , Aluthge D. R. P. , Gunasekara D. M. K. W. D. , Gunawardena M. A. N. A.
Published: July 2024

Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) is the primary vitamin-C source in our diet. It is rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, which are vital to disease prevention. Widely grown worldwide, lime is valued for its medicinal and economic benefits. Grafting is the most used method for propagating citrus, as seed propagation results in diverse cultivars. However, one drawback of grafting is the potential transmission of diseases. To address this, an in-vitro micrografting technique was developed to prevent disease transmission during plant propagation. However, this technique requires modification due to its high cost, demand for skilled labour, and long propagation time. This study introduced a cost-effective, labour-efficient, and timesaving modified semi-micrografting technique. Various treatments were evaluated based on graft success percentage, and the results were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference tests. The results revealed that the combination of \(10 \text{m}\text{g}{\text{L}}^{-1} \text{g}\text{i}\text{b}\text{b}\text{e}\text{r}\text{a}\text{l}\text{i}\text{c} \text{a}\text{c}\text{i}\text{d}\), \(10 \text{m}\text{g}{\text{L}}^{-1} \text{2,4}-\text{d}\text{i}\text{c}\text{h}\text{l}\text{o}\text{r}\text{o}\text{p}\text{h}\text{e}\text{n}\text{o}\text{x}\text{y}\text{a}\text{c}\text{e}\text{t}\text{i}\text{c} \text{a}\text{c}\text{i}\text{d}\), \(500 \text{m}\text{g}{\text{L}}^{-1} \text{a}\text{s}\text{c}\text{o}\text{r}\text{b}\text{i}\text{c} \text{a}\text{c}\text{i}\text{d}\), 50 mM calcium chloride and 30 µL of Ceylon cinnamon leaf oil was the best treatment, as it had the highest grafting success rate (62.22 ± 5.091%) compared to the other treatments. The present study proved that combining 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellic acid, ascorbic acid, calcium chloride, and Ceylon cinnamon leaf oils improved the semi-micrografting technique and success of grafting. Grafted plants were tested using polymerase chain reaction and found free of Citrus tristeza virus and Fusarium oxysporum-related diseases. The present modified semi-micrografting technique has demonstrated that disease-free citrus plants can be produced with a relatively high success rate and at a low-cost.
The Hepatitis B virus large envelope protein initiates virion assembly by recruiting pre-assembled capsids at membrane rich domains related to late endosome
Authors: Seigneuret Florian , Eymieux Sébastien , Sarabia-Vega Vanessa , Lemoine Roxane , Burlaud-Gaillard Julien , Raynal Pierre , Hourioux Christophe , Sureau Camille , Roingeard Philippe , de Rocquigny Hugues
Published: July 2024

A crucial step of HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) virion morphogenesis is the envelopment of the nucleocapsid by the viral envelope proteins, which is triggered by an interaction between the HBV core protein and the large HBV envelope protein. To document this interaction, we co-expressed core and large HBV envelope (LHBs) in Huh-7 cells and subjected the cells to microscopy examination by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Our results show that the sole expression of the core protein leads to assembly of capsids that remain individually isolated within the whole cell, but particularly within the nucleus. In the presence of LHBs, capsids were observed as large clusters in a membrane rich region peripheral to the nucleus. In this context, core-LHBs complex co-localize with markers of the late endosome/multivesicular bodies, this co-localization being driven by LHBs. These results thus show that LHBs binds to the core proteins when preassembled into capsid, at membranes of the late endosome, where the inner capsid and the outer envelope meet to assemble a virion.
Medical Educator Teaching Habits: Origins, Decisions, and Strategies - A Phenomenological Inquiry (METHODS-PI)
Authors: Moen Joshua , Shuck Chloe
Published: July 2024

In recent decades, medical education has been grappling with two significant challenges: the increasing prevalence of burnout among learners at all levels and the concerning trend of industry bias, low-quality evidence, and expert-based opinion driving clinical practice guidelines. To address these issues, a critical evaluation of the medical education and training system is necessary. Utilizing the Socioecological Model (SEM) as a framework, this study employed a phenomenological approach to investigate the methods, habits, decisions, origins, and strategies of medical educators. The aim was to identify the core guiding principles that shape the ecosystem of medical education and training.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with medical educators, and thematic analysis revealed three common themes. First, the irreplaceability of physician educators, found at the heart of the medical education training system, was a central theme. Second, all interviewed educators expressed a desire to enhance the educational environment, drawing upon their current and past training experiences to inform their teaching methods. Tacit knowledge gained from personal experience, years of clinical practice, peer relationships, and mentors played a significant role in shaping their teaching principles. Third, while the goal of improving the educational environment was universal, educators with more formal pedagogical training advocated for more drastic changes and system overhaul, while those without formal training focused on making improvements within the existing framework.
The reliance of most physician educators on past experience as a guide for education highlights the sociocultural reproduction and pedagogical inertia prevalent in the 21st-century medical education and training system. Integrating tacit knowledge with formal pedagogy has the potential to impact each level of the hierarchy within the SEM of medical education. By operating beyond the confines of the current system, educators can foster innovation, growth, and critiques that may help alleviate burnout and provide learners with opportunities to challenge current evidence-based practices. This study emphasizes the need for a critical evaluation of the pedagogical theories at the center of the medical education system.
Precisely Correcting SMN Deficiency Pathways in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Using an Off-Amyloid Stabilizer
Authors: Wang I-Fan , Ting Chen-Hung , Tsai Li-Kai , Chang Hsiang-Yu , Lai Hsing-Jung , Liou Gunn-Guang , Chen Chien-Lin
Published: July 2024

While therapies like Spinraza, Zolgensma, and Evrysdi focus on increasing SMN1 protein levels to treat spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), their effectiveness is limited and highly dependent on early intervention. This indicates that merely augmenting SMN levels may not adequately reverse the permanent pathological effects stemming from SMN1 deficiency. Our research indicates that SMA is a protein conformational disorder rather than solely a splicing disease. We found that the SMN protein contains prion-like domains located in exon 2 and exons 6-7. Due to the absence of exon 7, the SMNΔ7 variant displays reduced prion-like activity. This deficit hampers gemins and RNPs formation and leading to persistent misfolded TDP-43 and PFN1 proteins despite treatment with Spinraza and Evrysdi. Remarkably, treatment with baicalein, a prion-like folding stabilizer, enabled SMNΔ7 to form a prion-like structure, restored the assembly of gemins and RNPs, effectively cleared toxic aggregated TDP-43 proteins and alleviated symptoms in SMA models.
The Protective Role of Cognitive Reserve in Mediating Depressive Symptomatology in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Biasi Madia M. , Taurisano Paolo , Manni Alessia , Mangialardi Vincenzo , Gasparre Daphne , Iaffaldano Pietro , Caputo Francesca , Iaffaldano Antonio , Paolicelli Damiano
Published: July 2024

Background
The prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) in Multiple Sclerosis is between 40 and 65 percent in MS patients, affecting domains like memory, attention, slowed information processing speed, and language. High levels of depression, anxiety, and fatigue have also been shown to exacerbate cognitive symptoms. However, some studies revealed that greater Cognitive Reserve (CR), protects against cognitive decline in PwMS.Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of CR on the link depression-cognitive functions in a cohort of Italian PwMS.
Methods
187 PwMS (W = 130; mean age = 42.0 years; SD = 12.5), from the Bari University Hospital, underwent testing for semantic fluency (Word List Generation [WLG]), sustained attention and working memory (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test [PASAT]), Cognitive Reserve level (Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire [CRIq]), and depressive symptomatology (Beck’s Depression Inventory [BDI];).
Results
Statistically significant correlations emerged between WLG and CRIq, PASAT and CRIq, WLG and BDI, PASAT and BDI. GLM mediation analyses revealed that the direct effects of depression on PASAT and WLG scores were not statistically significant (p > .05). In contrast, the indirect impact (BDI → CR → PASAT and BDI → CR → WLG) was significant (z=-2.29, p < 0.05; z=-2.49; p < 0.05.
Conclusion
These results suggest that CR mediates the relationship between depressive symptomatology and information processing speed and sustained attention, and between depressive symptomatology and verbal fluency. The evidence indicates that CR benefits MS patients by alleviating cognitive and depressive symptoms, thereby improving their quality of life.
Comparative mitochondrial genomics unveils the phylogenetic relationships of lepidopteran moths
Authors: Liang Xinyue , Zhang Lei , Li Zaiyuan , Xiao Yutao
Published: July 2024

Background
Moths constitute the largest group within Lepidoptera and play a crucial role in natural ecosystems. However, the current high-level classification system of Lepidopteran insects necessitates systematic research supported by comprehensive data.
Results
In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genomes of 80 lepidopteran moth species, spanning 68 genera across 13 families. Through a synthesis of published data, we conducted a comparative analysis encompassing 211 moth species from 12 superfamilies. Our analysis unveiled a mitochondrial genome length range of 15,027 to 17,049 bp, with an AT content varying between 77.02% and 83.52%. While gene composition and arrangement were largely conserved, we observed tRNA rearrangement (trnS1-trnE inversion) in Zygaenidae and Gelechiidae families. Phylogenetic analyses highlighted the monophyly of 9 superfamilies, with exceptions for Tineoidea, Pyraloidea, and Drepanoidea. Divergence time estimations suggest an origin of the 12 Lepidopteran superfamilies in the mid-Cretaceous period, approximately 122.27 million years ago (95% CI: 102.43-153.23 Mya). Furthermore, we propose reclassifications to refine the taxonomic status of certain families. This includes reclassifying Gracillariidae and Thyrididae as independent from the Tineoidea and Pyraloidea superfamilies, respectively, and relocating the family Epicopeiidae to the Geometroidea superfamily from Drepanoidea.
Conclusion
We performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes from 211 moth species. Using various tree-building methods and datasets, we reconstructed the higher-level phylogeny of moths across 12 superfamilies of Lepidoptera and further proposed taxonomic revisions for several groups. Our study significantly enriches the molecular dataset for moth systematics and offers new insights into the evolutionary history and phylogeny of Lepidoptera.
SCREENING OF Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi FRUIT BY ACCESS OF ITS FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL CAPACITY AND METAL CONTENT
Authors: Sauthier Maria , dos Santos Walter , Caldas Jamile , Silva Isaac , de Souza Júnior José , de Souza Neta Lourdes , Ribeiro Luiz
Published: July 2024

Fruits of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi were investigated. A fast and efficient method for the simultaneous determination of 11 polyphenolic substances by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was applied. Limits of quantification ranged between 0.78 and 3.14 mg L−1. High concentrations of kaempferol were found. An exploratory evaluation was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) for fruit origin differentiation. Total phenolic content (TPC) ranged from 274 to 517 mg GAE 100 g−1; total flavonoid content (TFC) ranged from 101 to 283 mg QE 100 g−1. In vitro analyses showed that antioxidant capacity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ranged from 1.7 to 7 µM DPPH 100 g-1. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect were also evaluated against: Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, Candida albicans and C. glabrata, using broth microdilution assay. It can be inferred that S. terebinthifolia Raddi fruit has the potential to act as an ally in the search for new alternatives in the action against pathogens, and it can be used as a potential natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Metals (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn) were also determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), with emphasis on high concentrations of Mg, Zn and Fe.
On the History of the Orchestra of Russian Folk Instruments at Saint Petersburg State University
Authors: Lupanova Yevgenia M. ,   Peter the Great’s Museum for Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The academic year of 2023/24 marks the 70th anniversary of the Orchestra of Russian Folk Instruments at St. Petersburg State University. The precursors of the orchestra were the university solo balalaika-players in 1934–1939, one of whom was assistant professor, while two others — students. After World War II, the administration decided to boost the level of amateur activities, which corresponded to strong social demands for cultural access. A number of new clubs with professional teachers emerged within this trend in addition to students’ own initiatives. University amateur musical bands of Russian folk instruments comprised of the ensemble of button-accordionists led a Philology student V. D. Fedorov and the orchestra of four-stringed domras led by a professional musician А. I. Vasiliev. The organization of the orchestra of V. V. Andreev’s type by М. М. Dorfman, a graduate of the department of History, marked the start of a new period. The article places the formation of the orchestra in a wide historical context of the Soviet authorities’ attitudes to orchestras of Russian folk instruments, political and cultural processes, and professional discussions. The sources include primarily the materials of the newspaper “Leningrad University” and archival documents for the first time introduced into the scholarship. The most important one — М. М. Dorfman’s “The History of Orchestra of Russian Folk Instruments at Leningrad University” of 1956 — is published as appendix together with official information about the Club of amateur activities at Leningrad university in 1956. The fact of creating “The History” signified the accomplishment of the formation when all challenges had been met: the first organizational difficulties; teaching most members the basics of music; constant turnover of members; first concerts and contests. The first academic year was finishing with the orchestra having a full complement of instruments.
The Narrative Techniques and the Image of Cnut the Great in Deeds of the Danes
Authors: Chesta Sergey O. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: July 2024

The article examines the narrative techniques used by Saxo Grammaticus when creating the image of the Danish king Cnut the Great in “Deeds of the Danes” (c. 1208/1216). It focuses especially on Saxo’s intepretation of the conflict between Cnut the Great and his political opponents — King Olaf II Haraldsson of Norway and Ulf Jarl. This conflict, which led to the death of both opponents of the Danish ruler, is considered in the sources of “Deeds of the Danes” as an example of the unjust rule of Cnut the Great. The image of Cnut the Great in the “Deeds of the Danes” testifies to a decisive break with the previous historical tradition that portrayed him as a cruel ruler. The author created a narrative which discredited the enemies of the Danish king. The textual analysis reveals that Saxo Grammticus managed to achieve said effect by transferring the conflict from the political to the moral and ethical contexts, reinterpreting his sources, including messages with ambiguous interpretations in the text, removing “supernatural elements” from the story about Olaf the Saint, as well as including implicit comparison between the heroes of the narrative. One of the possible reasons for the actualization of the image of this king and his “rehabilitation” in Danish historiography is the claim of the Danish kings of the 12th — early 13th centuries to the Norwegian throne, which was once held by Cnut the Great.
Petrograd Newspapers about the Russian Front of the First World War during the Period between the Battle of Galicia and the Great Retreat
Authors: Agapov Vadim L. ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: July 2024

The article examines official reports and comments on the actions of the Russian army in mass newspapers in Petrograd during the World War I. The analysis is based on the newspapers “Petrogradskii listok” and “Gazeta-kopeika”. It shows that the newspaper publications, selected over a long period, make it possible to reconstruct a draw up a fairly accurate idea of the stages in the development of warfare. Although military reports were written vaguely to conceal an inconvenient truth, certain keywords enable to give a true picture of the state of affairs at the front. Listing captured cities, numerous prisoners, and trophies in military reports proved that the Russian army was successfully advancing. Such news noticeably boosted the mood of the population in the rear, which was expressed in patriotic demonstrations. The predominance of reports about “single battles” for villages and hills, about trenches, strong fortifications, of artillery skirmishes, and about repelling “fierce attacks” of the enemy in which they sustained “heavy losses” testified to the transition to defense and positional warfare. During these periods, the expression “without significant changes” was often used. The emergence in reports such phrases as “deterrence”, “regrouping”, “taking up more advantageous positions” and evading words “withdrawal” and and “retreat” meant that the army had started retreating. Commentaries on military reports in mass press confirmed the official version of the events, whereas military failures were perceived in terms of the existence of a “grand plan” by the military authorities that would lead the country to victory.
American Observers in the Election of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Authors: Fokin Alexander A. ,   I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Sharafutdinova Olesya I. ,   Tyumen State University
Published: July 2024

In 1958, a three-member delegation from the United States was invited as observers in the election of the Supreme Soviet in the Soviet Union. The Soviet leadership wanted to demonstrate the superiority of Soviet elections to the Western public. The key event during the visit of the American delegation was their meeting with the representatives of the Central Election Commission, when the Americans asked questions, and the Soviet side answered them. Despite some preparatory work to create a positive image of the elections in the USSR, there had not been plans to entirely stage them for the American guests. Although American observers recognized a high level of organization of elections in the USSR, even higher than those in the USA and Europe, they could not accept non-alternative elections as a variant of democracy and criticized the Soviet system. Thus, the dialogue between the USA and the USSR in this sphere ended in failure, and there were no other attempts to invite foreigners as election observers. The availability of sources that recorded the clash between two systems and two points of view on democracy enable to simultaneously look at the Soviet elections both from the outside — from the perspective of external observers (Americans) and from the inside — from the perspective of the Soviet official discourse. The article suggests that the Soviet electoral process should be examined not within political history but the through the approaches of historical anthropology, which will allow studying elections in the USSR as a special political ritual.
On the New Concept of the Origin of the Transeurasian or Altaic Languages
Authors: Yanshina Oksana V. ,   Peter the Great Museum of Ethnography and Anthropology (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

A new concept of the origin of the Altaic languages emerged in foreign publications recently. This concept, based on linguistic, genetic, and archaeological data, linked the ancestral Altaic language to the early farming cultures of the West Liaohe River. It suggests that farmers, speakers of the prospective Tungus-Manchu, Japanese, and Korean languages, spread outside this area in the eastern direction, whereas pastoralists, speakers of the Turkic-Mongolian languages, moved in the western direction. This article examines the archaeological foundations of the new concept, primarily those related to the Tungus-Manchu languages. According to the authors of the concepts, the Zaisanovkaya Neolithic culture of Primor’e represents the first Proto-Tungus-Manchu speaking population. They suppose that around 6500–4900 cal. BP these people broke away from the Proto-Tungus-Mongolian Hongshan culture, residing in Western Liaohe, and migrated to South-Central Primor’e, and then, much later, already from there, they spread north to the Amur basin. The idea of localizing the homeland of the Tungus-Manchu languages in the south or in the south of Manchuria is not new and has been expressed earlier. The new concept has introduced new linguistic arguments in favor of this idea. However, the article demonstrates that their attempts to correlate these arguments with archaeological data should be considered unsuccessful. The central theses of the new concept, which connect the spread of the Proto-Tungus-Manchu languages and agriculture, remain unproven, as does their connection precisely to West Liaohe farmers.
Leningrad Children in the Conditions of the Occupation of the North-West of Russia during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Krasnozhenova E. E. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of military childhood in the conditions of the occupation of the North-West of the RSFSR (1941–1944). The relevance of studying the problems of military childhood on the territory of the region under consideration during the war period is determined by the harsh repressive policy pursued by the occupiers in relation to children and adolescents. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the organization of their daily life in the conditions of the occupation of the North-West of Russia during the Great Patriotic War. The work is based on documents from central and regional archives. First of all, these are acts of district and village commissions for investigating the atrocities of the Nazi invaders, reports, certificates, summaries, testimonies. The article shows the features of the Nazi occupation policy and crimes against childhood in the North-West of Russia during the Great Patriotic War. Problems were noted in the field of food supply and medical care for children and adolescents, which inevitably led to an increase in the number of sick, weak and malnourished children, and to the spread of infectious diseases. The features of the functioning of orphanages and schools under the conditions of the occupation of the region are shown, the activities of the occupation authorities in the field of organizing the educational process are presented. Children and adolescents actually did not receive the necessary provision, medical care, and did not have the conditions for harmonious development. They were used by the invaders as cheap labor, as donors for German soldiers. Children and adolescents were entrusted with previously uncharacteristic functions, such as searching for food, performing forced labor for the occupiers, which inevitably led to the transformation of the very concept of childhood.
Contribution of Specialists of the Recovery Period of the Soviet Economy to the Creation of Industrialization Base in the 1920s–1930s
Authors: Kuznetsova O. N. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: July 2024

The concept of the recovery period applied to the era of the 1920s and preceding the era of industrialization characterized the transition processes in the Soviet economy after 1917. The analysis of the contribution to the industrial modernization of the state by practitioners — N. A. Shevalev, B. A. Gukhman and V. G. Groman presents little-known aspects of their activities, in particular, the creation of safety fundamentals at industrial enterprises and the development of planning technologies in terms of creating a forecast plan in the USSR. Presenting a series of historical portraits of specialists of the 1920s, one should focus on the moderately socialist views of specialists, since their position was based on public relations in the economy, which seemed relevant both for the development of N. A. Shevalev, and to create a planned economy throughout the country. The understanding of the processes of industrialization by contemporaries-the creators of its foundations is an essential aspect in the history of economic knowledge in the initial period of industrialization, when most specialists advocated a systematic, scientifically organized study of all aspects of the economic life of the country, for the “industrialization” of economic knowledge with a broad research apparatus. The scientific discoveries of specialists were closely connected with practice, in particular, V. G. Groman and B. A. Gukhman created control figures that determined benchmarks for all branches of the Soviet economy. The analysis of the recovery period in the Soviet economy presented by them created a serious foundation for the development of balance sheets of various industries, introduced the idea of a national economic whole in the socialist economy based on centralized planning.
The Cholera Epidemic in the Border Territories of the Far East in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Nagornykh O. S. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Shok N. P. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University
Published: July 2024

As a rule, the epidemics that took place on the Russian territory in the first quarter of the 20th century were a part of the world epidemics that covered significant territories. Based on the materials of local newspapers, the reaction of the population towards current events and government actions is traced. The abundance of information and the range of periodicals which enable to trace the dynamic development of epidemics, statistics of diseases and public opinion about current events and activities is highlighted. The relevance of the topic is due, among other things, to the appeal to the socio-historical perspective of the problem of the mutual influence of power and society in extreme conditions on the example of the aggravation of epidemiological situation in the Far East during the period under review. Based on the archives introduced into scientific circulation, the management of sanitary affairs, historical aspects of the formation of the sanitary and epidemiological service, the implementation of measures to prevent and combat diseases are studied. The experience of Russian physicians in the fight against epidemics in the border territories is analyzed. From the point of view of the history of science the study of peripheral spaces having economic, cultural, strategic, and political forms is necessary for a historically reliable reconstruction of the policy of both the territory ready for epidemic challenges and the state. It is concluded that the analyzed epidemics have become a catalyst for changes in the concepts and practice of medicine, have changed the role of public health in the border areas. An important role in the fight against infectious diseases in the border territories of the Far East was played by the agitation activities of sanitary and epidemiological services, as well as sanitary, epidemiological and preventive measures.
Potential of Cave Sediments as a Proxy for Tropical Cyclone and Storm Activity
Authors: Polk Jason , Van Beynen Philip
Published: July 2024

Cave sediments show promise as a proxy for the reconstruction of paleo-storm activity. Here, we present a study of allochthonous sediments from two different caves located in west-central Florida that exhibit high variability in sediment layer thickness and are characterized by mostly alternating organic matter/sand couplets. Both sediment records are well constrained chronologically by 210Pb for Vandal Cave in Citrus County and by 14C for Jennings Cave in Marion County, with ∼50 and 2,700 years of deposition, respectively. Consequently, the Vandal Cave sediments were used to determine whether historic tropical storms produced changes in stratigraphy. The three thickest layers in Vandal Cave correspond with high-precipitation events between 325 and 500 mm. There are similar sedimentary layers found in Jennings Cave, but the upper sediments representing 50 years of deposition are unfortunately highly compacted due to human traffic in the cave. Episodes of intense deposition were noted, specifically from 1,560 to 1,580 years B.P., when 15 cm of sediment was deposited in eight sand layers, indicating a recurrence interval of ∼2.5 years for major storms. Results from this study suggest cave sediments in certain geographic settings may serve as accurate proxies for storm activity.
Economic Exclusion and Forgotten Floodplains on Karst Terrain
Authors: Burgess Sarah A. , Florea Lee J.
Published: July 2024

Flood risk models in karst landscapes often use methods that do not capture the complex linkages between surface water and groundwater flow. Therefore, published maps for access to the National Flood Insurance Program may exclude those who experience regular inundation. Using simple geographic information system–based inundation models, we demonstrated how one town in Indiana, Orleans, in the classic karst landscape of the Lost River watershed, has been systematically excluded from flood insurance risk maps because Federal Emergency Management Agency–produced models do not consider the town to be prone to floods, despite well-documented evidence to the contrary. Our simple models connect missing elements to the National Hydrography Dataset and show that published flood insurance rate maps significantly under-predict the possible scope of floods in this watershed. Recently proposed highway infrastructure included alternatives that would have bisected the Lost River watershed and could have potentially increased flooding concerns. Unless comprehensive studies detail the actual risk of floods as (1) part of the natural landscape response in karst, (2) a natural consequence of more extreme events as climate changes, and (3) a consequence of impaired flow routes possible from road construction, towns such as Orleans may experience amplified economic exclusion.
Topographic Controls on the Duration of Sinkhole Flooding in Central Tennessee, USA
Authors: Abolins Mark , Ogden Albert
Published: July 2024

Daily 3-m cell size Dove multispectral satellite images were used to estimate the duration of flooding in topographic depressions in the approximately 12-km2 Shores Road focus area, central Tennessee. Flooding happened after rainfall events February 4–6 and 10–12, 2020. The filling and draining of 60 topographic depressions (mostly sinkholes) were observed by visually inspecting images for eight dates. The average duration of inundation was approximately 15 days, and all depressions were dry 30 days after the end of the first event. Satellite observations were consistent with ground-based water elevation measurements in three sinkholes and eight wells. Depression volume, elevation, and depth were estimated with a 0.76-m cell size LiDAR 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) digital terrain model (DTM). Long-duration (21 or more days) inundation was statistically more likely in larger-volume, lower-elevation, and deeper depressions at the p < 0.01 level. When combined in a probit model, these three factors accurately sorted 80 percent of depressions into long-duration and short-duration categories, and the accurately classified depressions accounted for approximately 95 percent of depression volume. Duration of inundation was not related (p > 0.05) to percentage of depression covered by slow-permeability soils, as determined from the Soil Survey Geographic Database. This study shows how to use repeat Dove satellite imagery and a LiDAR 3DEP DTM to assess how multiple topographic factors contribute to the duration of inundation in sinkholes.
Possible Role of Internal Erosion in the Development of Ground Fissures around Lake Ziway, Ethiopia
Authors: Admassu Yonathan , Gugsa Trufat
Published: July 2024

Ground fissures are linear or curvilinear cracks that are common in the Main Ethiopian Rift, which is part of the East African Rift System. They are a unique type of geohazard affecting roads and railway in many parts of the rift valley. The vicinity of Lake Ziway is underlain by lacustrine, pyroclastic, and/or volcaniclastic sediments that are cut by numerous ground fissures, which run for 2–3 km with up to 1–3-m-wide openings. Plausible causes of ground fissure events, as described in previous studies, include extensional movement due to active rift tectonics, hydro-compaction, and piping. However, the exact mechanism of their evolution is poorly understood. Based on field observations and sediment characterization, we propose a strong case for the role played by internal erosion or piping of pumice deposits in the development of ground fissures. Internal erosion causes the formation of subsurface conduits, which grow in size and eventually collapse, forming ground fissures. Typical sediment-erosion–related geomorphologic features such as disappearing streams, sinkholes, blind gullies, and piping mounds have been observed. These features indicate the presence of a network of pipes that connect the groundwater with surface water in a manner very similar to karst hydrology. Pumice deposits in the study area are found to be the most susceptible to internal erosion leading to ground fissuring due to their bimodal grain size distribution and ultralow density (average specific gravity = 0.6).
Postpandemiczny (nie)pokój egzystencjalny jako wyzwanie edukacyjne – działania i dylematy
Authors: Zalewska-Meler Agnieszka
Published: July 2024

Pandemia COVID-19 jako traumatyczne doświadczenie zdrowotne, skierowała uwagę uczestników życia społecznego na nie zawsze uświadamiane wartości, stanowiące o jakości życia człowieka. Treść artykułu stanowi refleksja nad wartością pokoju w postpandemicznej rzeczywistości. W tekście starano się odpowiedzieć na pytanie dotyczące przejawów i znaczenia edukacji dla pokoju w kształtowaniu zdrowia pozytywnego i jakości życia człowieka. Pozyskaniu odpowiedzi posłużyło przedstawienie sposobów definiowania i przeżywania pokoju, określenie mechanizmów leżących wychowaniu do/dla pokoju. W konkluzji przedstawiono wzajemne powiązania kultury pokoju, kultury higienicznej w odniesieniu do kultury edukacji dla rozpoznawania i redukowania w praktyce wychowawczej niepokojów i pustki egzystencjalnej wywołaną pandemią.
(Nie)refleksyjność nauczyciela edukacji elementarnej w przestrzeni przemocy symbolicznej
Authors: Głowala Agnieszka
Published: July 2024

Zadaniem szkoły jest wprowadzanie młodego człowieka w świat norm, wartości, wzorów postępowania oraz obyczajowość kulturową. Nauczyciel edukacji elementarnej realizuje wiele złożonych zadań, by dzieci mogły rozwijać się zgodnie z wrodzonym potencjałem, miały poczucie sprawstwa, były otwarte na świat, ale także chciały i potrafiły samodzielnie myśleć. Szkoła stanowi ważne miejsce dla dziecka, ale jednocześnie jest to przestrzeń przemocy symbolicznej. Podstawową tezą przyjętą w rozważaniach niniejszego tekstu jest założenie, że refleksyjność nauczyciela stanowi zasadniczy czynnik decydujący o charakterze przemocy symbolicznej w organizowanym przez nauczyciela procesie edukacyjnym na etapie edukacji elementarnej. Poprzez wykazanie znaczenia i zastosowania refleksji nauczycielskiej autorka podejmuje próbę przekonania czytelnika, iż refleksyjność nauczyciela stanowi klucz, by przemoc symboliczna w procesie edukacyjnym nabierała wydźwięku pozytywnego i sprzyjała rozwojowi uczestniczących w nim podmiotów.
Contemporary learning methods and the „new” roles of teaching practitioners
Authors: Kulpa-Puczyńska Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

The article focuses on a modern approach to the learning process and the development of competencies. This does not only concern the Internet generation (Tapscott 2010), characterised by, among other things, the need for constant access to information and the pursuit of novelties – also in terms of innovative, engaging ways of acquiring knowledge. Taking the above into account, educators should ensure inclusivity and attractiveness of the educational environment, enabling the reconciliation of diverse student needs, by creating appropriate spaces such as: architectural, virtual, for individual and group work, sparking curiosity, and supporting the courage of learners when solving problems, not only educational ones. Through collaboration with other members of the school/university community, educators increasingly often create innovative environments for other practitioners, sharing experiences and teaching materials. Contemporary teachers are also expected to be attentive to social partners. On the other hand, the new generation of students values, for example: openness to learning in conditions of social interaction and the improvement of skills related to learning.
Pedagogical Axiology in Social Thought of Józef Tischner (1931-2000)
Authors: Dąbrowski Szymon
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to social thought present in the philosophical and pedagogical concept by  Józef Tischner. The following analysis focuses first on presenting the basic theses contained in the philosophy of drama, which are the foundation for the original concept of religious education. It is primarly about the theory of goodness, hope, and freedom in the order of philosophical and religious thought. The following text reconstructs the author's basic theses. However, it is also an attempt to research the educational potential, with particular emphasis on social issues, especially in the era of challenges faced by democratic societies in the 21st century.
A Review on Nanomaterial-based Point-of-Care Devices: Emphasis on Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Chokkareddy Rajasekhar , Bathinapatla Ayyappa , Azeez Aseena , Kanchi Suvardhan , redhi Gan G
Published: July 2024

Background:

The subject of medical and biological research using nanotechnology,
which blends nanoscience with biology and biomedicine, is currently gaining a lot of attention. Nanomaterials
come in a wide range of sizes, shapes, and compositions and are widely used in various
applications. Their stimulating potentials mainly enhance our capacity to identify naturally occurring
processes.

Methods:

Moreover, point-of-care (POC) methods offer quick and easy medication analysis at home,
in a physician's office, or anywhere else. The pregnancy test and the blood glucose test are the two
most well-known examples. From a more global standpoint, they offer the enticing prospect of saving
lives from incurable illnesses: their rapid, sometimes instantaneous data significantly minimize
analysis times, and their more economical variants make them accessible to healthcare facilities,
individuals worldwide, and even in developing countries. Determining biomarkers in disease
analysis, such as enzymes, proteins, circulating tumor cells, tiny compounds, and DNA/RNA in biological
examples, including full serum, blood, saliva, plasma, fluid, cerebral spinal, and urine, may
also be included in applications.

Results:

Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary cause of death. Finding cardiac
biomarkers is crucial for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. By
giving vital information about a patient's cardiac health, these indications help doctors make the best
decisions and give the best care. The efficiency, promptness, and patient-centeredness of cardiac
treatment are significantly enhanced by POC methods for cardiac biomarker identification, which
improves patient outcomes and healthcare delivery. For this reason, the primary emphasis of this
investigation was on POC instruments and sensors that are now available commercially and have
been published within the previous five years for the assessment of cardiac biomarkers. We discuss
the POC devices that have been developed recently using a variety of cutting-edge technologies,
sophisticated materials, and analytical methods.

Conclusion:

The current study also includes an overview of several companies and the products they
sell for cardiac function monitoring and rapid, precise heart failure diagnosis. Ultimately, important
conclusions are reached about POC devices for medical applications, namely for CVDs. The global
market values and potential directions for POC device development are also taken into consideration.
Disruptive behaviors and its impact on school performance
Authors: Valencia-Castro Fatima Acnabel , Zambrano-Gómez María Gabriela , Moreira-Castro Silvia Alexandra , Alcívar-Intriago Andrés Aladino , Aveiga-Alcívar Cindy Lissette
Published: July 2024

The research was related to disruptive behaviors and their impact on academic performance. Its objective was to identify disruptive behaviors and their impact on academic performance in BGU students from the “Aida Coloma de Sánchez” Educational Unit in the province of Guayas. To this end, the research had a qualitative, quantitative and descriptive approach to generate information based on the results obtained during the implementation of the EFECO questionnaire to the students. This questionnaire was built with 39 items that allowed the evaluation of executive functions such as: emotional control, monitoring, organization of materials, initiative, and working memory. Some results indicate that at the level of the monitoring dimension raised, an average of 1.88 students were able to indicate that they always require help, regularly an average of 1.22 students, sometimes an average of 1.88 students, Very rarely an average of 2.44 and Never an average of 2.44 students. Finally, conclusions are presented which show that a minority segment of students require help in the different dimensions raised.
Supportive leadership and voice behavior: The mediating role of work engagement
Authors: Adikoeswanto Dodot ,   Postgraduate School, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, East Jakarta, Indonesia, Nurjanah Siti , Mukhtar Saparuddin , Eliyana Anis , Kamil Nurul Liyana Mohd ,   Postgraduate School, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, East Jakarta, Indonesia,   Postgraduate School, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, East Jakarta, Indonesia,   Department of Management, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,   Department of Political Sciences, Public Administration and Development Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: July 2024

This study examines how supportive leadership, through the influence of work engagement, affects the voice behavior of correctional officers in Aceh's Ministry of Law and Human Rights. A total of 158 officers participated by completing questionnaires distributed via Google Forms over different time periods. All proposed hypotheses were confirmed. The results emphasize the significance of understanding these factors for organizational success and enhancing employee engagement. Correctional officers in Aceh benefit from supportive leadership, which improves work quality and increases their willingness to share opinions on work-related matters.
Stein estimation in the Conway-Maxwell Poisson model with correlated regressors
Authors: Sami Faiza ,   Department of Statistics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, Amin Muhammad , Aljeddani Sadiah M. A. ,   Department of Statistics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan,   Department of Mathematics, Al-Lith College, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Lith, Saudi Arabia
Published: July 2024

The Poisson regression model (PRM) is widely used for count data, applicable when the response variable follows a Poisson distribution with equal dispersion. The Conway-Maxwell Poisson regression model (COMPRM) is more flexible and can handle both under-dispersion and over-dispersion. However, the COMPRM may involve correlated regressors, leading to multicollinearity, which makes the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) inefficient. Biased estimation methods can address multicollinearity in data. This study proposes a Stein estimator, a biased estimation method, for the COMPRM that can simultaneously address correlated regressors and dispersion issues. The estimated mean square error (EMSE) is used to evaluate performance. The proposed estimator's performance is assessed both theoretically and numerically. The numerical evaluations include a simulation study under various parametric conditions and a real-world application. The results from both the simulation study and the real application demonstrate that the Stein estimator outperforms the MLE.
Applied Pragmatic Functional Contextualism: A New Epistemological and Theoretical Framework for Applied Mental Health Research
Authors: Cwinn Eli , Hamel Kayla
Published: July 2024

Concept PaperApplied Pragmatic Functional Contextualism: A New Epistemological and Theoretical Framework for Applied Mental Health ResearchEli Cwinn 1, *, Kayla Hamel 2* Correspondence: Eli Cwinn; E-Mail: ecwinn2@uwo.caAcademic Editor: Marianna MazzaOBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine2024, volume 9, issue 3 doi:10.21926/obm.icm.2403041Received: January 22, 2024Accepted: June 22, 2024Published: July 10, 2024AbstractThis paper argues that psychology, as a discipline, requires research to be situated in the context of a content-based theory. We identify several problems and pitfalls with requiring a content-based theory for applied mental health research, a priori. Nonetheless, we also articulate a rationale for why theory matters and that a new sort of theoretical framework is required for applied mental health research. We address this need by articulating a new theoretical framework called Applied Pragmatic Functional Contextualism which satisfies the functions of being theory-driven while also circumventing some of the barriers of relying on content-based theory. We provide clear criteria for APFC and examples of research that is APFC consistent and APFC inconsistent. We conclude by discussing implications of using APFC for individual researchers, the field of applied mental health and the clients they serve, and for psychology as an institution.KeywordsTheory; applied mental health research; methods; research design; intervention; psychotherapy; mental health; psychological science; qualitative research methods; qualitative design