bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body size and condition, age and catch‐and‐release injury of ice‐angled cisco (Coregonus artedi) from four connected lakes in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Stewart Julee , Kotowich Carmen , Ulrich Jacob , McLellan Linnea , Somers Christopher M.
Published: June 2024

The lake cisco (Coregonus artedi) is not often caught by recreational anglers in open‐water in western Canada but becomes a common component of catch‐and‐release ice fisheries in the winter. Little is known about the composition of recreational cisco fisheries or factors that affect the success of winter catch and release. We examined the size and body condition of 555 cisco caught by anglers in four interconnected lakes in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. We also examined the influence of length on the probability of hooking injuries and determined the age of a subset of angled fish. Cisco caught by anglers ranged in total length from 24 to 48 cm and 110 to 1370 g mass; however, 60.2% of cisco caught ranged from 37 to 40 cm and 470 to 560 g. The scale ages of cisco caught by anglers ranged from 4 to 10 years, with the most common ages caught being 6–8 years; however, scales likely underestimated age beginning around 8 years. Overall, cisco from our four study lakes had lower body conditions compared to Lake Superior populations based on standard weight comparisons. The length, mass, age and body condition of cisco caught by anglers varied significantly among our four study lakes, following a west‐to‐east productivity gradient. Of the 555 cisco assessed, 54 (9.7%) experienced gill bleeding and 21 (3.8%) had other visible hooking injuries. Longer cisco had a significantly increased probability of gill bleeding, but length did not affect the probability of other injuries. Cisco are relatively slow growing in our study area and warrant more consideration from a catch‐and‐release angling perspective.
Efficient urea electrosynthesis via coordination of the reaction rate of carbon dioxide and nitrate co‐reduction
Authors: Chen Sibo , Hai Guangtong , Cheng Hui , Xie Dan , Chen Gao‐Feng , Ding Liang‐Xin , Wang Haihui
Published: June 2024

The electrochemical co‐reduction of CO2 and NO3− to urea is an alternative to traditional urea synthesis. However, the significant difference in the energy barriers and reaction rates for CO2 and NO3− reduction restricts the efficiency of the CN coupling. Herein, we report a strategy to coordinate the CN coupling intermediates by unilaterally increasing the efficiency of CO2 reduction to match that of facile NO3− reduction. We demonstrate this strategy using an electrochemical reaction system consisting of a Cu2O‐loaded ordered gas‐diffusion electrode, which offers a high urea yield rate of 1373.5 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 at a low applied potential of −0.6 V versus RHE. This work not only provides a feasible strategy to coordinate the reductive coupling of CO2 and NO3−, but also brings new insight into the reaction mechanism of urea electrosynthesis.
A small‐molecule microtubule‐stabilizing agent safely reduces Aβ plaque and tau pathology in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yao Yuemang , Muench Megan , Alle Thibault , Zhang Bin , Lucero Bobby , Perez‐Tremble Roxanne , McGrosso Dominic , Newman Mira , Gonzalez David J. , Lee Virginia M.‐Y. , Ballatore Carlo , Brunden Kurt R.
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Intraneuronal inclusions composed of tau protein are found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Tau normally binds microtubules (MTs), and its disengagement from MTs and misfolding in AD is thought to result in MT abnormalities. We previously identified triazolopyrimidine‐containing MT‐stabilizing compounds that provided benefit in AD mouse models and herein describe the characterization and efficacy testing of an optimized candidate, CNDR‐51997.

METHODS

CNDR‐51997 underwent pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, safety pharmacology, and mouse tolerability testing. In addition, the compound was examined for efficacy in 5XFAD amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque mice and PS19 tauopathy mice.

RESULTS

CNDR‐51997 significantly reduced Aβ plaques in 5XFAD mice and tau pathology in PS19 mice, with the latter also showing attenuated axonal dystrophy and gliosis. CNDR‐51997 was well tolerated at doses that exceeded efficacy doses, with a good safety pharmacology profile.

DISCUSSION

CNDR‐51997 may be a candidate for advancement as a potential therapeutic agent for AD and/or other tauopathies.

Highlights

There is evidence of microtubule alterations (MT) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain and in mouse models of AD pathology.

Intermittent dosing with an optimized, brain‐penetrant MT‐stabilizing small‐molecule, CNDR‐51997, reduced both Aβ plaque and tau inclusion pathology in established mouse models of AD.

CNDR‐51997 attenuated axonal dystrophy and gliosis in a tauopathy mouse model, with a strong trend toward reduced hippocampal neuron loss.

CNDR‐51997 is well tolerated in mice at doses that are meaningfully greater than required for efficacy in AD mouse models, and the compound has a good safety pharmacology profile.
Characterization of neurofibrillary tangle immunophenotype signatures to classify tangle maturity in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hamlin Danica , Ryall Cameron , Turner Clinton , Faull Richard L. M. , Murray Helen C. , Curtis Maurice A.
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Tau aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a dynamic process involving changes in tau phosphorylation, isoform composition, and morphology. To facilitate studies of tangle maturity, we developed an image analysis pipeline to study antibody labeling signatures that can distinguish tangle maturity levels in AD brain tissue.

METHODS

Using fluorescent immunohistochemistry, we co‐labeled AD brain tissue with four antibodies that bind different tau epitopes. Mean fluorescence intensity of each antibody was measured, and spectral clustering was used to identify tangle immunophenotypes.

RESULTS

Five distinct tangle populations were identified, and different tangle maturity immunophenotypes were identified with increasing Braak stage. Early tangle immunophenotypes were more prevalent in later affected regions and advanced immunophenotypes were associated with ghost morphology.

DISCUSSION

Our findings indicate that tangle populations characterized by advanced tau immunophenotypes are associated with higher Braak stage and more mature morphology, providing a new framework for defining tangle maturity levels using tau antibody signatures.

Highlights

Populations of neurofibrillary tangles exist in Alzheimer's disease.

The immunophenotype of neurofibrillary tangle populations relates to their maturity.

The most advanced immunophenotypes are associated with higher Braak stage.

The most advanced immunophenotypes are associated with ghost morphology.

The most immature immunophenotypes are associated with later affected regions.
Deciphering and Integrating Functionalized Side Chains for High Ion‐Conductive Elastic Ternary Copolymer Solid‐State Electrolytes for Safe Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xu Hongfei , Yang Jinlin , Niu Yuxiang , Hou Xunan , Sun Zejun , Jiang Chonglai , Xiao Yukun , He Chaobin , Yang Shubin , Li Bin , Chen Wei
Published: June 2024

A critical challenge in solid polymer lithium batteries is developing a polymer matrix that can harmonize ionic transportation, electrochemical stability, and mechanical durability. We introduce a novel polymer matrix design by deciphering the structure‐function relationships of polymer side chains. Leveraging the molecular orbital‐polarity‐spatial freedom design strategy, a high ion‐conductive hyperelastic ternary copolymer electrolyte (CPE) is synthesized, incorporating three functionalized side chains of poly‐2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl acrylate (PTFEA), poly(vinylene carbonate) (PVC), and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate (PEGMEA). It is revealed that fluorine‐rich side chain (PTFEA) contributes to improved stability and interfacial compatibility; the highly polar side chain (PVC) facilitates the efficient dissociation and migration of ions; the flexible side chain (PEGMEA) with high spatial freedom promotes segmental motion and interchain ion exchanges. The resulting CPE demonstrates an ionic conductivity of 2.19×10−3 S cm−1 (30 °C), oxidation resistance voltage of 4.97 V, excellent elasticity (2700 %), and non‐flammability. The outer elastic CPE and the inner organic–inorganic hybrid SEI buffer intense volume fluctuation and enable uniform Li+ deposition. As a result, symmetric Li cells realize a high CCD of 2.55 mA cm−2 and the CPE‐based Li||NCM811 full cell exhibits a high‐capacity retention (~90 %, 0.5 C) after 200 cycles.
MXenes and MXene‐Based Metal Hydrides for Solid‐State Hydrogen Storage: A Review
Authors: ur Rehman Ata , Akram Khan Safyan , Mansha Muhammad , Iqbal Shahid , Khan Majad , Mustansar Abbas Syed , Ali Shahid
Published: June 2024

Hydrogen‐driven energy is fascinating among the everlasting energy sources, particularly for stationary and onboard transportation applications. Efficient hydrogen storage presents a key challenge to accomplishing the sustainability goals of hydrogen economy. In this regard, solid‐state hydrogen storage in nanomaterials, either physically or chemically adsorbed, has been considered a safe path to establishing sustainability goals. Though metal hydrides have been extensively explored, they fail to comply with the set targets for practical utilization. Recently, MXenes, both in bare form and hybrid state with metal hydrides, have proven their flair in ascertaining the hydrides′ theoretical and experimental hydrogen storage capabilities far beyond the fancy materials and current state‐of‐the‐art technologies. This review encompasses the significant accomplishments achieved by MXenes (primarily in 2019–2024) for enhancing the hydrogen storage performance of various metal hydride materials such as MgH2, AlH3, Mg(BH4)2, LiBH4, alanates, and composite hydrides. It also discusses the bottlenecks of metal hydrides for hydrogen storage, the potential use of MXenes hybrids, and their challenges, such as reversibility, H2 losses, slow kinetics, and thermodynamic barriers. Finally, it concludes with a detailed roadmap and recommendations for mechanistic‐driven future studies propelling toward a breakthrough in solid material‐driven hydrogen storage using cost‐effective, efficient, and long‐lasting solutions.
Boosting Lithium Ion Conduction of Carboxylate‐Type Single‐Ion Conducting Polymers through Complexation with Ionic Liquids for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Dongwook , Nakajima Hideto , Inokuchi Daisuke , Yamada Izumi , Hwang Jinkwang , Abe Takeshi , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Inui Naoki
Published: June 2024

Single‐ion conducting (SIC) polymers, wherein anions are covalently bonded to the polymer chain, selectively facilitate the movement of lithium ions, making them promising polymer electrolytes for lithium‐ion batteries because only lithium ion acts as a charge carrier. Carboxylate‐type SIC polymers offer cost advantages and are facilely prepared compared to conventional types like sulfonylamide‐type SIC polymers. However, they are known to suffer from inefficient dissociation of lithium ions due to their high basicity. In this study, enhancement of lithium‐ion dissociation in carboxylate‐type SIC polymers is investigated by complexing them with ionic liquid (IL). Incorporation of IL with the SIC polymer significantly improves electrochemical properties, achieving a high ionic conductivity close to 2 mS cm−1 and a critical current density of 2.1 mA cm−2 in a Li symmetric cell at 25 °C. The interaction between the SIC polymer and IL is confirmed through infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical tests of the Li/LiFePO4 cell exhibit a high reversible capacity of 128.6 mAh g−1 with a cycle retention of 89.9 % after 100 cycles at 1 C (1 C=170 mA g−1) and an excellent recuperation even after rate tests at 6 C.
Einfluss erhöhter Frischbeton‐ und Umgebungstemperaturen auf die Betoneigenschaften
Authors: Beyer Dries , Neumann Julia , Schack Tobias , Breitenbücher Rolf , Haist Michael
Published: June 2024

Der Einfluss des Klimawandels äußert sich in einer stetigen Zunahme an sommerlichen Hitzetagen, wodurch die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Auftreten erhöhter Frischbetontemperaturen (>30 °C) während der Herstellung und des Einbaus von Beton erheblich zunimmt. Derartige klimatische Randbedingungen stellen für den Betonbau eine Herausforderung dar, da ohne energie‐ und CO2‐intensive Gegenmaßnahmen, wie z. B. Kühlung der Ausgangsstoffe, ein ungewollt hoher Anstieg der Temperatur des Betons bei der Verarbeitung und Erhärtung unausweichlich ist. Dies führt zu einer Beeinflussung der Hydratation, was sich für gewöhnlich in einem beschleunigten Abfall der Verarbeitbarkeit und einer Reduktion der mechanischen Eigenschaften und der Dauerhaftigkeit äußert. Zielsetzung des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, ein besseres Verständnis des Einflusses erhöhter Frischbetontemperaturen auf die zuvor genannten Eigenschaften zu gewinnen. Weiterhin wurde der Einfluss der Umgebungstemperatur bis zum Betonalter von drei Tagen auf die Betoneigenschaften untersucht. Hierbei wurden Temperaturen bis zu 40 °C betrachtet.
Pioneer factors for DNA replication initiation in metazoans
Authors: Wang Yue , Liang Jing
Published: June 2024

Precise DNA replication is fundamental for genetic inheritance. In eukaryotes, replication initiates at multiple origins that are first “licensed” and subsequently “fired” to activate DNA synthesis. Despite the success in identifying origins with specific DNA motifs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, no consensus sequence or sequences with a predictive value of replication origins have been recognized in metazoan genomes. Rather, epigenetic rules and chromatin structures are believed to play important roles in governing the selection and activation of replication origins. We propose that replication initiation is facilitated by a group of sequence‐specific “replication pioneer factors,” which function to increase chromatin accessibility and foster a chromatin environment that is conducive to the loading of the prereplication complex. Dysregulation of the function of these factors may lead to gene duplication, genomic instability, and ultimately the occurrence of pathological conditions such as cancer.
Network pharmacology study on fermented soybeans for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease in older individuals
Authors: Shi Shuo‐shuo , Hu Ting
Published: June 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the disruption of synaptic communication among millions of neurons. Recent research has highlighted the potential therapeutic effectiveness of natural polyphenolic compounds in addressing AD. Soybeans are abundant in polyphenols, and their polyphenolic composition undergoes significant alteration through fermentation by Eurotium cristatum. Through comprehensive database searches, we identified active components within fermented soybean polyphenols and genes associated with AD. Subsequently, we utilized Venn diagrams to analyze the overlap between AD‐related genes and these components. Furthermore, we visualized the network between intersecting targets and proteins using Cytoscape software. The anti‐AD effects of soybeans were further explored through comprehensive analysis, including protein–protein interaction analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and molecular docking studies. Our investigation unveiled 6‐hydroxydaidzein as a major component of fermented soybean polyphenols, shedding light on its potential therapeutic significance in combating AD. The intersection between target proteins of fermented soybeans and disease‐related targets in AD comprised 34 genes. Protein–protein interaction analysis highlighted key potential targets, including glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B), amyloid precursor protein (APP), cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), and beta‐site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). Molecular docking results demonstrated a robust binding effect between major components from fermented soybeans and the aforesaid key targets implicated in AD treatment. These findings suggest that fermented soybeans demonstrate a degree of efficacy and present promising prospects in the prevention of AD.
Comparison of clinical and MRI features of brain metastases between ALK+ and ALK‐ NSCLC
Authors: Ren Xiaolu , Zhang Xuting , Lei Xiaoyan , Ma Weiqin , Zhang Ting , Wang Yuxiang , Ren Jiwei
Published: June 2024

Background

Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the primary cause of brain metastases (BM). This study aimed to investigate differences in clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of BM between anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fusion (ALK+) and ALK wild‐type (ALK‐) NSCLC, and to preliminarily assess the efficacy of radiotherapy for treating BM.

Methods

A retrospective analysis included 101 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐ NSCLC patients with BM: 41 with ALK gene fusion and 60 being ALK‐. The brain MRI and clinical features were compared between different ALK status using the multivariate analysis, and a nomogram was constructed to predict ALK gene fusion. Fifty‐six patients who did not undergo cerebral surgery and had complete pre‐ and post‐ treatment data were further divided based on whether they received radiotherapy. Log‐rank test was used to compare the short‐term effect of treatment between the two groups under different genotypes.

Results

ALK+ BM exhibited decreased peritumoral brain edema size, lower peritumoral brain edema index (PBEI), and a more homogeneous contrast enhancement pattern compared to ALK‐ BM. Age (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02–1.06), time to BM (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.04–2.14), PBEI (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 0.97–1.62), smoking status (smoking index >400 vs. non‐smoking status: OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 0.99–2.04) and contrast enhancement pattern (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.28–2.78) were associated with ALK gene fusion. A nomogram based on these variables demonstrated acceptable predictive efficiency (AUC = 0.844). In the ALK+ group, patients who received radiotherapy did not show increased disease control rate (DCR) or progression‐free survival (PFS). In contrast, in the ALK‐ group, those who received radiotherapy had improved objective response rate (ORR), DCR, and PFS compared to those who were only treated with systemic therapy.

Conclusions

The clinical and MRI features of BM can indicate the status of ALK in NSCLC. In the ALK‐ group, patients who received radiotherapy showed higher ORR, DCR, and PFS compared to those who did not.
Extracellular vesicles originating from steatotic hepatocytes promote hepatic stellate cell senescence via AKT/mTOR signaling
Authors: Wu Zongmei , Xia Mengmeng , Wang Junyu , Aguilar Magnolia Martinez , Buist‐Homan Manon , Moshage Han
Published: June 2024

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing rapidly due to the obesity epidemic. In the inflammatory stages of MASLD (MASH), activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) leads to initiation and progression of liver fibrosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all cell types and play an important role in intercellular communication. However, the role of EVs released from hepatocytes in the context of MASLD is largely unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of EVs derived from both normal and steatotic (free fatty acid‐treated) hepatocytes on the phenotype of HSCs via the senescence pathway. Primary rat hepatocytes were treated with free fatty acids (FFAs: oleic acid and palmitic acid). EVs were collected by ultracentrifugation. EVs markers and HSCs activation and senescence markers were assessed by Western blot analysis, qPCR and cytochemistry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed by fluorescence assay. RNA profiles of EVs were evaluated by sequencing. We found that EVs from hepatocytes treated with FFAs (FFA‐EVs) inhibit collagen type 1 and α‐smooth muscle actin expression, increase the production of ROS and the expression of senescence markers (IL‐6, IL‐1β, p21 and senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity) in early activating HSCs via the AKT–mTOR pathway. Sequencing showed differentially enriched RNA species between the EVs groups. In conclusion, EVs from FFA‐treated hepatocytes inhibit HSC activation by inducing senescence via the AKT–mTOR signaling pathway. Determining the components in EVs from steatotic hepatocytes that induce HSC senescence may lead to the identification of novel targets for intervention in the treatment of MASLD in the future.
The structure and function of multifunctional protein ErbB3 binding protein 1 (Ebp1) and its role in diseases
Authors: Wang Ying , Xing Jianxiao , Liang Yanyang , Liang Huifang , Liang Nannan , Li Junqin , Yin Guohua , Li Xinhua , Zhang Kaiming
Published: June 2024

ErbB3‐binding protein 1(Ebp1) has two isoforms, p42 Ebp1 and p48 Ebp1, both of which can regulate cell growth and differentiation. But these isoforms often have opposite effects, including contradictory roles in regulation of cell growth in different tissues and cells. P48 Ebp1 belongs to the full‐length sequence, while conformational changes in the crystal structure of p42 Ebp1 reveals a lack of an α helix at the amino terminus. Due to the differences in the structures of these two isoforms, they have different binding partners and protein modifications. Ebp1 can function as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor factor. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these two isoforms exert opposite functions are still not fully understood. In this review, we summarize the genes and the structures of protein of these two isoforms, protein modifications, binding partners and the association of different isoforms with diseases.
Effect of ultra‐fine ground whole grain highland barley substitution on wheat dough properties and bread qualities
Authors: Liu Lu , Xu Jingwen , Zhang Ge , Gao Nisi , Xu Xuebing , Zhao Renyong
Published: June 2024

Background and Objective

There is a growing interest in incorporating whole grain highland barley (HB) to wheat bread for improving nutrients and potential health benefits. However, the qualities and sensory properties of whole grain‐based bread were reduced compared to refined wheat‐based bread due to the strong water absorption and large particle size of dietary fiber in whole grain. Therefore, ultra‐fine ground whole grain HB partially substituted 5%–40% wheat flour to make bread, and the relevant dough properties and bread qualities were studied.

Findings

The increased addition of ultra‐fine ground whole grain HB from 5% to 40% to wheat increased dough development time, whereas, decreased dough stability time, elasticity, pH, G′ modulus, and G″ modulus. The increased substitution of ultra‐fine ground whole grain HB to wheat further reduced the specific volume, cohesiveness, elasticity, and resilience of bread, whereas, increased the hardness, adhesiveness, and chewiness of bread.

Conclusions

The partial substitution of wheat with ultra‐fine ground whole grain HB from 5% to 40% wheat significantly affected wheat‐HB dough properties and resultant bread qualities mainly due to weakened gluten networking.

Significance and Novelty

The 5%–10% substitution of wheat by ultra‐fine ground whole grain HB showed the optimum dough properties and bread qualities compared to other treatments, which substituted 20%–40% wheat flour.
Spiritual competencies and social justice: Implications for counselor education pedagogy
Authors: Avent Harris Janeé R. , Gonzales‐Wong Christine D.
Published: June 2024

Counselor educators are responsible for creating learning environments that promote students’ increased cultural competence and social justice engagement. Although, counselor educators have expanded their focus on diversity, religion and spirituality remain largely unaddressed in the curriculum and social justice‐oriented instruction. This article provides pedagogical recommendations for counselor educators that promote religious and spiritual competence.
LMNA‐related muscular dystrophy presenting as an inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Almansa Alexandra Santana , Chrzanowski Stephen M. , Rajabi Farrah , Day‐Lewis Megan , Lee Pui Y. , Lidov Hart G. W. , Lehman Laura L. , Hayes Leslie H.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

There are overlapping features between inflammatory myopathies and muscular dystrophies, particularly laminopathies. Key features that characterize laminopathies include axial and proximal weakness, contractures, and cardiac abnormalities.

Methods/Results

A 12‐year‐old girl diagnosed with juvenile dermatomyositis as a child presented with cardiac failure and was found to have an LMNA likely pathogenic variant, with a phenotype most consistent with Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy type 2.

Discussion

The spectrum of clinical features of LMNA‐related muscular dystrophies can mimic or present with inflammatory myopathy‐like features. Early identification of LMNA‐related muscular dystrophies is crucial to ensure appropriate cardiac screening and prevent devastating cardiac complications.
Electrochemical NH‐Sulfoximidation with α‐Keto Acids
Authors: Alam Tipu , Gupta Shalini , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: June 2024

An electrochemical N‐acylation of sulfoximine has been achieved via the coupling of α‐keto acids and NH‐sulfoximines. This process involves the sequential cleavage of C−C bond followed by C(sp2)−N bond formation, with the liberation of H2 and CO2 as the by‐products. A library of N‐aroylated sulfoximines is produced via the coupling of aroyl and sulfoximidoyl radicals by anodic oxidation under constant current electrolysis (CCE). The compatibility of the present protocol has been demonstrated by coupling of various bio‐active compounds, such as NH‐sulfoximine derived from (−)‐borneol, L‐menthol, D‐glucose derivative, and some commercial drugs such as flurbiprofen, and ibuprofen. This late‐stage functionalization highlights the importance of this sustainable protocol. Besides this, various control experiments and detection of H2 evolution have been performed to support the proposed mechanism.
NDT‐C11 as a Viable Novel Detergent for Single Particle Cryo‐EM
Authors: Jiko Chimari , Li Jiannan , Moon Youngsun , Tanaka Yoshito , Gopalasingam Chai C. , Shigematsu Hideki , Chae Pil Seok , Kurisu Genji , Gerle Christoph
Published: June 2024

Single particle cryo electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) is now the major method for the determination of integral membrane protein structure. For the success of a given project the type of membrane mimetic used for extraction from the native cell membrane, purification to homogeneity and finally cryo‐grid vitrification is crucial. Although small molecule amphiphiles – detergents – are the most widely used membrane mimetic, specific tailoring of detergent structure for single particle cryo‐EM is rare and the demand for effective detergents not satisfied. Here, we compare the popular detergent lauryl maltose‐neopentyl glycol (LMNG) with the novel detergent neopentyl glycol‐derived triglucoside‐C11 (NDT‐C11) in its behavior as free detergent and when bound to two types of multisubunit membrane protein complexes – cyanobacterial photosystem I (PSI) and mammalian F‐ATP synthase. We conclude that NDT‐C11 has high potential to become a very useful detergent for single particle cryo‐EM of integral membrane proteins.
An ultra‐low‐power low‐noise amplifier using a combination of current reuse and self‐forward body bias techniques for biomedical applications
Authors: Bijari Abolfazl , Khoshbinahmadi Fereshte , Mallaki Mohammad‐Amin
Published: June 2024

Low‐power low noise amplifiers (LNAs) are critical block in the radio frequency (RF) front‐end of medical device radiocommunications service (MedRadio) receivers for amplifying weak received signals while introducing minimal noise. Despite the inherently low transconductance of MOS transistors, it is possible to achieve low noise, high gain, and good linearity in low power LNAs. This paper presents a combination of techniques to realize an ultra‐low‐power LNA with a compact size and high performance. The proposed LNA utilizes multiple gm‐boosting and self‐forward body bias techniques, with certain transistors operating in weak inversion. Additionally, the Multi‐Objective Inclined Planes System Optimization algorithm is employed to determine the optimal values of the circuit components, thereby achieving the best compromise among the various performance parameters. The proposed LNA with buffer is designed and simulated using an 180 nm CMOS process over the frequency band of 0.3–1 GHz. Simulated results show that the proposed LNA achieves a gain of 19.6 dB, a noise figure of 5.1 dB, good input matching (S11 < −10 dB), and a third‐order intermodulation intercept point (IIP3) of 3.8 dBm. Additionally, it consumes 320 μW (without buffer) from a 1 V power supply, and the chip area is 235 μm × 372 μm. The simulated results demonstrate that the proposed ultra‐low power LNA is a promising candidate for biomedical applications.
EUS‐FNA diagnosis of pancreatic tophaceous gout: Two rare cases
Authors: Wang Brant G. , Lee Iris H.
Published: June 2024

We report two patients with pancreatic tophaceous gout diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) of presumed cystic mass lesions. The first case involved a patient who had a recent episode of acute pancreatitis 6 months prior, with subsequent imaging concerning for a pseudocyst or mass lesion. The second case involved a patient with epigastric pain associated with a pancreatic head cystic mass and an erroneous original diagnosis of a mucinous pancreatic neoplasm on EUS‐FNA. Diff‐Quik stained direct smears on fresh material obtained from EUS‐FNA of the lesions showed chalky debris with needle shaped negatively birefringent crystals consistent with gout. For the first case, the chalky material was not present on the H&E stained paraffin embedded formalin fixed cellblock slides. The importance of inclusion of cytologic specimen preparations to examine monosodium urate crystals is emphasized.
Evaluation of the Effect of Pistacia atlantica Oleoresin on Blood Sugar, Pressure and Lipids in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Single‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Memariani Zahra , Tatari Mahin , Zahedi Maryam , Hesari Zahra , Davarian Ali , Kolangi Fatemeh
Published: June 2024

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by high blood sugar (BS) levels due to impaired insulin production or insulin resistance. It is a global health concern with significant implications for morbidity and mortality. Persian medicine has long utilised natural remedies, such as Pistacia atlantica Desf., for various diseases. In this randomised clinical trial, the effects of P. atlantica oleoresin in the improvement of lipid profiles, glucose indices and blood pressure (BP) were assessed in patients with Type 2 DM.

Materials and Methods

In this randomised, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, 42 patients with Type 2 DM were randomly allocated to receive either P. atlantica oleoresin or placebo capsule for 3 months. Patients were evaluated prior to and 12 weeks after the beginning of the intervention, in terms of changes in lipid profiles, glucose indices and BP.

Results

After 3 months, the mean BP in patients with DM receiving P. atlantica oleoresin was significantly reduced compared with the baseline (p = 0.001). Also, these changes were significantly higher than those of the control group. The mean of total cholesterol (p = 0.89), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) (p = 0.43) and triglyceride (TG) (p = 0.98) in the intervention group after 3 months was lower than that in the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

After 3 months, there was no significant difference between the P. atlantica and control groups in terms of blood sugar and lipid profiles. The mean BP in patients with DM receiving P. atlantica oleoresin was significantly reduced compared with that in the beginning of the study. Also, these changes were significant compared with the control group.
Environmental DNA can inform the trade‐off between proactive and reactive strategies for crayfish conservation
Authors: Greenhalgh Jack A. , Banks Rebecca , Collins Rupert A. , Juta Ursula , Reeves Sharon , Siggery Ben , Sweet Michael J. , Tibbitts James , Saxon Andrew D. , Warwick Kate E. , Wiseman Glenn , Jones Gareth , Genner Martin J.
Published: June 2024

The introduction of the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus to British rivers has led to ecological degradation and the decline of the native white‐clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes. To manage and mitigate the impact of the signal crayfish, conservation agencies and government bodies employ multiple conservation strategies. These take the form of proactive native crayfish breeding and stocking programs and reactive invasive crayfish control programs. Here, we used eDNA to assess the populations of native and invasive crayfish species across 50 sites in 10 river catchments in Norfolk, United Kingdom (UK). The sites were chosen to enable assessment of the potential of eDNA to inform proactive and reactive crayfish conservation strategies. Three of the catchments sampled were selected to assess the success of recent A. pallipes reintroduction, whereas the remaining seven were selected to better understand the distribution of each species at the landscape scale. Combining results of eDNA‐based methods with net searches within an occupancy model enabled us to confidently determine the presence of P. leniusculus at eight sites, and A. pallipes at three sites, which was more than visual searches alone (five and two study sites, respectively). Neither eDNA nor net searches detected A. pallipes at sites where A. pallipes had been reintroduced. We recommend that practitioners using eDNA‐based surveys for management and conservation of crayfish should consider: (1) designing eDNA surveys with an emphasis on large spatial scales to comprehensively describe the distributions of native and invasive crayfish in a region of interest; (2) work with local conservation organizations and/or government bodies to inform the selection of study sites to generate results that are meaningful to real‐world conservation actions; and (3) use results from eDNA‐based crayfish surveys to target limited conservation resources to appropriate proactive and/or reactive conservation actions.
Effects of dietary β‐carotene on color and flavor quality of ovaries in adult female Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
Authors: Zhang Renyue , Zhang Long , Jiang Xiaodong , Wu Xugan , Wang Xichang
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding different levels (0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) of dietary β‐carotene on the color and flavor quality of adult female E. sinensis ovaries. Adding moderate amount of β‐carotene to the feed could regulate the distribution of carotenoids, fatty acids, and free amino acids in the ovaries of E. sinensis, as well as increase the content of total carotenoids, total fatty acids, sweet and umami amino acids in the ovaries. The dietary β‐carotene have limited coloring effects and a significant impact on the flavor of the ovaries. During thermal process, the addition of 100 mg/kg β‐carotene could effectively promote formation of aroma precursors and generate more characteristic aroma components (2‐methylbutanal, 3‐methylbutanal, hexanal, benzaldehyde, methylpyrazine). However, excessive β‐carotene supplementation (300 mg/kg) led to adverse effects on physiological metabolism and flavor of E. sinensis ovaries. Considering both feed cost and quality improvement, β‐carotene supplementation at 100 mg/kg can be considered the optimal feed supplementation for adult female E. sinensis within a 70‐day rearing period to improve edible quality of ovaries.
Accessing Polysubstituted NH Pyrroles from Nitroalkenes via [4+2]‐Cycloaddition/Reductive Ring Contraction Strategy
Authors: Pospelov Evgeny V. , Zhirov Alexander V. , Kamidolla Baglan , Sukhorukov Alexey Yu.
Published: June 2024

A novel two‐step access to polysubstituted pyrroles from nitroalkenes was developed. It involves [4+2]‐cycloaddition with enol ethers to give six‐membered cyclic nitronates followed by reductive ring contraction with Ra−Ni/AcOH or Ra−Ni/EtOH systems. The process is applicable to a variety of nitroalkenes and enol ethers bearing electron‐rich and electron‐poor substituents and functional groups. The anti‐inflammatory drug Bimetopyrol and its structural modifications were successfully synthesized by the strategy developed. The key side products were identified that provided an insight into the mechanism of the developed reductive ring contraction to pyrroles.
Nanopore sequencing of forensic short tandem repeats using QNome of Qitan Technology
Authors: Yang Ting‐Ting , Zhang Jia‐Rong , Xie Zi‐Han , Ren Zi‐Lin , Yan Jiang‐Wei , Ni Ming
Published: June 2024

Devices of nanopore sequencing can be highly portable and of low cost. Thus, nanopore sequencing is promising in in‐field forensic applications. Previous investigations have demonstrated that nanopore sequencing is feasible for genotyping forensic short tandem repeats (STRs) by using sequencers of Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Recently, Qitan Technology launched a new portable nanopore sequencer and became the second supplier in the world. Here, for the first time, we assess the QNome (QNome‐3841) for its accuracy in nanopore sequencing of STRs and compare with MinION (MinION Mk1B). We profile 54 STRs of 21 unrelated individuals and 2800M standard DNA. The overall accuracy for diploid STRs and haploid STRs were 53.5% (378 of 706) and 82.7% (134 of 162), respectively, by using QNome. The accuracies were remarkably lower than those of MinION (diploid STRs, 84.5%; haploid, 90.7%), with a similar amount of sequencing data and identical bioinformatics analysis. Although it was not reliable for diploid STRs typing by using QNome, the haploid STRs were consistently correctly typed. The majority of errors (58.8%) in QNome‐based STR typing were one‐repeat deviations of repeat units in the error from true allele, related with homopolymers in repeats of STRs.
Analysis of parabolic trough solar collector thermal efficiency with application of a graphene oxide nanosheet‐based nanofluid
Authors: Jamali Hamzeh
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, clean energy production and reconciliation with nature is one of the best solutions known to rectify the global warming issue. Solar energy, as a clean and green one, has recently been drawing scientists' attention to itself more than ever. Applying parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs) is one of the state‐of‐the‐art ways to extract energy from the sun. As one of the most interesting research topics, the thermal efficiency enhancement of PTSCs is studied. The current study demonstrates how the thermal efficiency of PTSCs is enhanced through the application of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, as an inexpensive nanomaterial with superb thermal conductivity and unique structure, in thermal oil, namely, Behran oil, as heat transfer fluid, within the effective volume fraction range of  0.05. The above‐mentioned analysis is based on the theoretical calculations performed through a mathematical model based on the Taylor series approximation. All the calculations are performed with respect to a PTSC unit of a solar–thermal power plant situated in Shiraz, Iran, as the research case study. In addition, the Nan et al. model is used to analytically predict how the increase in the volume fraction of GO nanosheets raises the thermal conductivity and consequently increases the convection heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluid, leading to the thermal efficiency enhancement of PTSCs. The results reveal a maximum thermal efficiency of 71.10% for the volume fraction of  0.05. In comparison to the thermal efficiency of the real‐world case‐study mentioned above with pure thermal oil, that is, 67.71%, the thermal efficiency enhancement by about 5.5%, is achieved. Moreover, it is discussed how the thermal efficiency achieved from GO nanosheets surpasses the ones obtained from the application of particle shape nanomaterials, or carbon nanotubes in the same conditions.
Investigation on the pullout bearing properties and stress characteristics of fully grouted bolts in layered rock mass
Authors: Du Yunlou , Zhang Yujiang , Feng Guorui , He Lujin , Zhang Xihong
Published: June 2024

Coal‐measure strata is a typical layered structure, a better understanding of the bearing characteristics of fully grouted bolts in layered rock mass is of great significance for roadway support. However, limited studies have been conducted to investigate the bearing performance of fully grouted bolts in layered rock mass. In this paper, a numerical model of fully grouted bolt in layered rock mass was established, and a tri‐linear bond–slip model of the anchorage interface was imported into the numerical model by the user‐defined Fish language. The effects of strata sequence, strata thickness, and strata number in layered rock mass on the bearing performance of fully grouted bolts were systematically analyzed. The results show that fully grouted bolts in soft–hard type (SH‐type) layered rock mass has higher bearing capacity. The greater the thickness of the soft rock in the layered rock mass, the more significant the influence of the strata sequence on the bearing performance of fully grouted bolts. The bearing capacity of fully grouted bolts decreases with the increase of the thickness ratio of soft rock to hard rock. The greater the thickness of the hard rock in the layered rock mass, the more beneficial to the bearing performance of fully grouted bolts. With the increase of the strata number, the bearing capacity of fully grouted bolts gradually decreases. For bolt support of layered rock mass, the deep anchoring foundation of fully grouted bolts should be arranged in hard rock or elastic zone rock as much as possible, and rock grouting can be adopted to reduce the difference in mechanical properties between layered rock mass and improve the durability of fully grouted bolts. The research results may provide useful guidance and reference for the support design of fully grouted bolts.
How digital transformation can influence workflows, teaching practices and curricula in (bio)process science and engineering—An interview series with stakeholders
Authors: Buyel J. F.
Published: June 2024

A massive digital transformation is underway in biotechnology and process engineering fueled by recent advances in machine learning and so‐called artificial intelligence, especially in the large language model field (e.g., ChatGPT). Training courses and curricula will need to adapt to keep pace, but the speed of progress is such that guidelines for the implementation of a digital transformation are probably already outdated. We therefore interviewed stakeholders from the fields of didactics, biotechnology and process engineering to collect the latest perspectives on the impact of digital transformation and to solicit recommendations for the adaptation of curricula and training courses to reflect new work profiles in academia and industry. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 17 stakeholders and used a framework analysis approach to structure and evaluate the collected information. For example, data handling was the dominant general activity affected by digital transformation, whereas multitasking was relevant to work, and the design and implementation of new didactic methods and content was linked to teaching. The interviews revealed that an increasingly diverse set of skills and competences (in addition to those in current curricula) will be expected from the next generation of biotechnologists and process engineers. This includes profound programming skills, model building abilities, as well critical data interpretation and data literacy in the widest sense. The corresponding key challenges will be a reasonable and structured disinvestment in other areas to provide slots for the new content and to secure resources for the implementation of necessary modifications.
Fenugreek seed proteins: Ultrasonic‐assisted extraction, characterization, and cupcake application
Authors: Turker Izzet , Olgun Gamze Nur , Isleroglu Hilal
Published: June 2024

In this study, fenugreek seed proteins were extracted using ultrasonic‐assisted extraction with varying solid:solvent ratios (20–60 g/L) and sonication amplitudes (30%–80%) to determine optimal conditions for the highest extraction yield. The functional, structural, and nutritional characteristics of the protein isolates of fenugreek seeds were investigated. The highest yield (98.74 ± 0.49%) was achieved at a solid:solvent ratio of 43.83 g/L and an amplitude of 67.51%. The coagulated protein values of fenugreek seed protein isolates ranged from ~15.8% to 31.2%, water‐holding capacities ranged from ~2.2 to 3.2 g/g, oil‐holding capacities ranged from ~2.6 to 4.1 g/g, foaming capacities ranged from ~16.3% to 21.3%, foam stabilities ranged from ~59.7% to 78.1%, emulsion stabilities ranged from ~30.2 to 34.5 min, emulsion activities ranged from ~73.8 to 76.8 m2/g, and emulsion capacities ranged from ~26.9% to 30.5% under different extraction conditions. SDS‐PAGE analysis revealed three distinct bands (46, 59, and 80 kDa) for the protein isolates. FT‐IR spectroscopy showed a high presence of β‐sheet structures. The amino acid composition analysis of fenugreek seed protein isolates was determined, revealing richness in essential amino acids (317.97 g amino acid/kg protein isolate). In addition, cupcakes enriched with protein isolates (5%, 10%, and 20% as flour substitutes) were produced, and quality properties such as color change, browning index, moisture content, water activity, baking yield, bulk density, hardness, volume, symmetry, and uniformity indexes were determined. The application of protein isolates in cupcake production demonstrated the potential of fenugreek seeds as valuable ingredients for enhancing the nutritional profile of bakery products.
Astrocyte diversity in the ferret cerebrum revealed with astrocyte‐specific genetic manipulation
Authors: Tai Nguyen Chi , Shinmyo Yohei , Kawasaki Hiroshi
Published: June 2024

Astrocytes in the cerebrum play important roles such as the regulation of synaptic functions, homeostasis, water transport, and the blood–brain barrier. It has been proposed that astrocytes in the cerebrum acquired diversity and developed functionally during evolution. Here, we show that like human astrocytes, ferret astrocytes in the cerebrum exhibit various morphological subtypes which mice do not have. We found that layer 1 of the ferret cerebrum contained not only protoplasmic astrocytes but also pial interlaminar astrocytes and subpial interlaminar astrocytes. Morphologically polarized astrocytes, which have a long unbranched process, were found in layer 6. Like human white matter, ferret white matter exhibited four subtypes of astrocytes. Furthermore, our quantification showed that ferret astrocytes had a larger territory size and a longer radius length than mouse astrocytes. Thus, our results indicate that, similar to the human cerebrum, the ferret cerebrum has a well‐developed diversity of astrocytes. Ferrets should be useful for investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to astrocyte diversity, the functions of each astrocyte subtype and the involvement of different astrocyte subtypes in various neurological diseases.