bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cases at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Panwar Pradeep , Reddy Hetish M. , Bagree Rajendra , Jalendra Gaurav
Published: September 2020

Background: Minimally invasive techniques for stone removal in common bile duct (CBD) are endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) or laparoscopic CBD exploration with LC (laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) and LC). Failed, multiple attempted or complications of ERCP leads to other surgical approaches where LCBDE is a preferable option by experts due to its added benefits.Methods:  We did LCBDE and LC in 40 cases of failed ERCP. Standard investigation protocol was followed in all cases and CBD were explored laparoscopically and stones were retrieved. Post retrieval choledochoscopy was done and sphincter of oddi was dilated by the dilators.Results: With careful selection of cases, stone calculi were retrieved successfully in 38 cases by laparoscopically and 2 cases by open method after conversion. Postoperative choledochoscopy were found normal. Bile leak seen in 3 cases, which were managed conservatively. Standard regime of postoperative care was taken followed by T-tube removal after cholangiogram on day 10-14. All patients survived the operation.Conclusion: We advocate that LCBDE is the most viable alternative for open surgery in failed ERCP cases for retrieval of CBD stones. This results in early recovery, better cosmetic scar, least complications with early resumption of routine life. Needs cautious patient selection and expertise in laparoscopic surgery.
Comparative study of single versus multiple gallstone disease in KGH, Visakhapatnam
Authors: Raja C. Dharma Kishore , Keerthi Dondapati , Kiran Adikari Sai , Aravind Gunto , Raja Sreerama , Karthik G. Manoj , Sreenija Devarakonda , Kumar Nelapati Kiran
Published: September 2020

Objective: To evaluate the differences in the presentation, their operative implications and difficulties of single stone versus multiple gall stone disease.Methods: This is a prospective study of a minimum of 60 patients with gall stone disease (Group 1-single, Group 2-multiple) from January 2019 to December 2019 in KGH, Visakhapatnam.Results: More common in females, 40-50 years symptoms and complications, TC count difficult cholecystectomies were more in multiple gall stone pts.Conclusion: Multiple gall stones have led to more severe symptoms and complications and difficult surgery. should be motivated for early surgery even in incidental finding and should not opt for conservative management.
Structural anatomy of deep fascia, it’s implication in the pathogenesis of compartment syndrome of upper limbs and objective assessment of the effect of fasciotomy
Authors: Agrawal Neeraj K. , Agrawal Preeti , Dubepuria Rahul
Published: September 2020

Background: Deep fascia is dense and well developed in limbs. In the upper limb the deep fascia is tightly adherent to the underlying muscles especially in the forearm, thereby, restricting the space available to muscular swelling causing painful compartment syndrome. Division of this inelastic fascia or fasciotomy is an emergency procedure to decrease the morbidity and mortality.Methods: 30 patients with acute compartment syndrome of the upper extremity of various aetiologies were studied. Adults with painful, swollen and tense upper extremities with progressive neurological dysfunction were studied. Compartment pressures before and after fasciotomy were measured by a standard Whiteside’s device. Various fasciotomies were carried out and associated skeletal and vascular injuries were also noted.Results: The majority of patients were males with average age being 29.33 years. 56.67% patients with upper limb compartment syndrome sustained road traffic injury, 20% were constrictive tight cast, 20% of patients sustained burn and 1 patient was shot by bullet. Of the 30 patients fractures of both ulna and radius (40%) were the most common. Fractures of the humerus, radius, ulna and small bone of metacarpals together account for 36.67% of the affected patients. 3 patients were found to have injury to major vessels. Compartment pressure was measured by Whiteside’s device and fasciotomy resulted in a drastic drop of the pressure from pre-fasciotomy pressure of 44.8±7.9 mmHg to post-fasciotomy pressure of 12.33±3.61 mmHg.Conclusions: The diagnosis of compartment syndrome should be confirmed swiftly and prompt fasciotomy is the treatment of choice. This offers the best chance at decreasing compartment pressure and preventing further damage.
An unusual case of primary peritoneal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Singh Rajdave Singh Sadu , Hisham Muhammad Rahimi Mohamad , Mohammad Ahmad Tarmizi , Fazle Abbas Shabbar Husain , Yusoff Yussra
Published: September 2020

Primary peritoneal adenocarcinoma is sporadic with few cases cited in pre-existing literature. This cancer arises from the peritoneal epithelium lining of the abdomen, which is derived from extra ovarian mesothelium. It generally carries a poor prognosis. The treatment strategies are similar to ovarian serous papillary carcinoma. Report an incidental finding of primary peritoneal adenocarcinoma in a 39-year-old female army personnel, currently undergoing her chemotherapy and thriving. Exploratory laparotomy was done given the incidental finding of a mass on the contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan (CT). The mass was attached to the greater omentum, however, did not invade the mucosa of the transverse colon. Given this, part of greater omentum was removed. The findings of the immunohistochemical studies of the tumour are described within this report. The diagnosis of a primary peritoneal adenocarcinoma, stage II was established as no other primary site were found upon further investigation. The patient was treated with chemotherapy (carboplatin/paclitaxel) which was planned for 6 cycles. Otherwise, the patient had an uneventful postoperative course, is underway her chemotherapy regime and is planned for interim CT study to assess chemotherapy response. To conclude, isolated solitary primary peritoneal adenocarcinoma without peritoneal carcinomatosis, gastrointestinal manifestations and ascites are rare. This case, however, demonstrates the importance of its diagnosis, accurate evaluation and management.
Stent graft infection after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm: a case report and literature review
Authors: Sedik Alaa , Touahria Meriem , Wahdan Ahmed , Twfeek Nader , Osman Alaa
Published: September 2020

Aortic end graft (EVAR) infection isa challenging management problem in aortic surgery with 0.2% to 0.7% incidence, which is similar to aortic graft infection after open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Although much attention has been given to the more common problem of endo leak management, yet only sporadic case reports have been reported about the late complication of endograft infection. We reported a case of elderly Saudi male, known to have multiple medical problems presented to our emergency department with severe progressive abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever over the last 7 days. He was evaluated and diagnosed as septic shock due to and infected stent graft following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm, 4 years ago, with peritonitis. He underwent emergency laparotomy and a left paraaortic abscess was drained and a part of exposed metals of the stent graft found. Other intraperitoneal abcesses were drained and abdomen closed over drains. Patient remained under ICU care, but unfortunately deteriorated and died 3 days postoperatively.
Is it safe to combine ventral hernia repair with bariatric surgery?
Authors: Mathur Ashok Kumar , Mathur Praveen Kumar
Published: September 2020

Obesity is one of the important precipitating factors for primary and incisional ventral hernias. There is controversy regarding the optimal time and method of repair of abdominal wall hernias in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. We reviewed our series of 250 patients who underwent bariatric surgery over 6 years period. 7 morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery had simultaneous ventral hernia repair. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in 2 patients and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) were done in 5 patients. 6 patients had primary midline paraumbilical hernia and 1 patient had large recurrent incisional hernia. Open intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) repair was done in 5 cases with hernia defect <5 cm. Sutured repair was done in 1 patient, recurrence occurred after 3 months. IPOM repair was done 6 months later after significant weight loss. 1 patient of large incisional hernia (10 cm defect) with cholelithiasis underwent open mesh hernioplasty and panniculectomy. Postoperative seroma occurred in one patient, it subsided after repeated aspirations. After average follow up of over 2 years there has been no recurrence.
A rare presentation of midgut malrotation as an acute intestinal obstruction and perforation in an adult
Authors: Gnanadev Praveen , Krishnappa Rohit , Naidu Taluru Hariprasad Ramachandra , Subbaiah Gopal , Vasantha Gautham Mungaravalli , Sanjeevi Nagaraj Dilip Kumar , Damodaran Geethu
Published: September 2020

Midgut malrotation is a congenital anomaly seen usually in childhood. Its presentation as an acute intestinal obstruction is extremely rare in adults usually identified intra operatively. A high index of suspicion is always required when dealing with any case of acute intestinal obstruction. We report a case of young adult who presented with symptoms of acute intestinal obstruction and was diagnosed intra-operatively as cecal volvulus with impending perforation caused by midgut malrotation. Malrotation of the intestinal tract is seen due to aberrant embryology. The presentation of intestinal malrotation in adults is very rare. Contrast enhanced Computed tomography (CT) can show the abnormal anatomy clearly. Anomalies like midgut malrotation can present as an operative dilemma and awareness regarding these conditions can help surgeons deal with these conditions.
Uncontrolled per rectal bleeding in chronic myeloid leukaemia: a mere coincidence or a dangerous sign report of an unusual case
Authors: Ali S. Manwar , Singh Pradeep K. , Joshi Pranav B. , Naik Prabhash K.
Published: September 2020

Bleeding haemorrhoids present commonly to surgical outpatient departments (OPDs) and sometimes in emergency. Most often conservative management suffices but infrequently the patients can land up in emergency operation theatre for uncontrolled bleeding. Some haematological disorders can also present with rectal bleeding and amongst them Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), a haematological malignancy, presenting as bleeding per rectum has been not been reported so far, though instances of CML with gingival bleed, epistaxis have been reported. CML per se is known to be asymptomatic (40% cases) and bleeding is rarely seen. Here we present an interesting case of an emergency hemorrhoidal bleed that was subsequently diagnosed as CML. The patient after failed conservative management for bleeding haemorrhoids was taken up for emergency haemorrhoidectomy and again a relook under general anaesthesia in the post-operative period as he continued to ooze. The total leucocyte counts which were initially high continued to rise further and the bone marrow examination was reported as chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm and the excised mass was consistent with haemorrhoids. Rectal bleeding associated with CML is so far unreported even though bleeding is seen due to platelet dysfunction from gums and nose in chronic phases of the disease. A high index of suspicion is needed particularly with deranged haematological parameters for considering a diagnosis of these rare presentations. and anaesthesia.
Post appendectomy young male proffer intussusception unveiled diffuse large B-cell lymphoma non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Anandakannan Indrajit , Swaminathan Shanthi Ponnandai , Kawarat Vikas , Mani Rajeshwari , . Kannan
Published: September 2020

Intussusception is the telescoping of the proximal segment of the intestine within the lumen of the adjacent segment. Adult intussusception is rare and its aetiology differs from paediatrics. Surgery is highly recommended and challenging considering the possibility of carcinoma. Post-operative intussusception is a rare and bizarre complication. We report an 18-year old male who had undergone uncomplicated appendectomy outside the institute with missed histopathological examination (HPE) report, presented with abdominal pain for 1 week, vomiting 4 days, obstipation 1 day. On examination ovoid mass of size (12×7 cm) in right hypochondrium. A plain abdomen radiograph shows dilated bowel loops. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen and pelvis showed telescoping of small bowel into the caecum. Suggestive of post-appendectomy intussusception causing intestinal obstruction, emergency laparotomy revealed telescoping of ileum into caecum, acting as the leading point of intussusception, proceeded with right hemicolectomy and ileo-transverse anastomosis. With blindsiding HPE defining high grade diffuse large B cell lymphoma, immunohistochemistry stains nuclear positivity for cluster of differentiation-20 (CD-20) >80%, and Ki-67 >90%. Surgery plus chemotherapy is warranted being a high-grade tumour. Surgery must be restricted to the primary tumour, with mesenteric lymph node involvement based on oncological principles. Laparoscopic approach is preferred nowadays.
Transmurally migrated gossypiboma rarely posing as surgical site infection: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Gaurav Amrita , Mishra Juhi , Kumari Om , Khoiwal Kavita , Huda Farhanul , Chaturvedi Jaya
Published: September 2020

The term gossypiboma is used to describe a retained surgical sponge or gauge after surgery. The clinical features range from being asymptomatic to frank bowel obstruction, perforation and peritonitis. Radiological modalities also do not provide a definite diagnosis. We report a case of a 30-year-old lady who presented to the emergency room with recurrent surgical site infection. She had a history of caesarean section 5 months ago. Following the caesarean section, she developed superficial wound dehiscence which was re-sutured. At the present facility, the lady underwent Computed tomography (CT) scan and was suspected to have a foreign body around the gut. She was planned for an exploratory laparotomy. Upon laparotomy, a large thick-walled ileal loop with some unusual intra luminal mass was found. Dense adhesions were present between the ileal loop and sigmoid colon. Adhesiolysis led to an iatrogenic sigmoid colon perforation, around 2 cm length. On incision over the ileal loop, surgical sponge was retrieved. Ileal loop was resected along with perforated site with end-to-end ileo-ileal anastomosis was done. Primary repair of sigmoid colon perforation was done. Patient was stable in postoperative period. Although rare, gossypiboma should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis in postoperative cases presenting with recurrent surgical site infection.
Use of sound therapy in management of tullio phenomenon associated with unilateral endolymphatic hydrops
Authors: Mustafa Mohamed Wael M. , Abdelmaksoud Aida A.
Published: September 2020

Background: The tullio phenomenon consists of the production of vestibular signs or symptoms by an acoustic stimulus. TP was found to be present in many inner ear pathologies such as superior semicircular canal dehiscence, perilymphatic fistula and endolymphatic hydrops. No previous study probed the value of tinnitus maskers in the alleviation of Tullio phenomenon associated with endolymphatic hydrops.

Methods: Twenty one patients who had a confirmed unilateral endolymphatic hydrops associated with Tullio phenomenon were selected for the study. Their age ranged from 20 to 52 years old. Tinnitus masker±amplification was used according to the audiological findings of each patient. The device was used in the affected ear for a minimum of 6 months.

Results: Ten patients reported marked improvement on a graded scale with a mean of 8.6±1.2 as regards the occurrence of tullio phenomenon. Six patients achieved an average amelioration (mean 5.9±0.12) while five patients reported failure of the device (mean 3.4±0.6).

Conclusions: Sound therapy using tinnitus masker±amplification is a good tool for alleviation of tullio phenomenon associated with unilateral endolymphatic hydrops.
Microbiological profile of common bacterial isolates from acute tonsillitis in pediatric age group patients
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Pyadala Naga Babu
Published: September 2020

Background: The paediatric age group are more prone to tonsillitis. The management of tonsillitis mainly based on understanding of microbiological and pathological features. This study aimed to discuss the microbiological profile of acute tonsillitis in children.

Methods: Children fewer than 16 years age group was included in this study and the children underwent tonsillectomy or in antibiotics for at least one month were excluded from study. The throat swabs were taken for microbiological diagnosis.

Results: A total of 150 children were diagnosed as acute tonsillitis during the period of 1 year from January 2019 to December 2019. The mean age group of children were 9.6 years. There were total 70 males and 80 females. The most common isolates were Streptococcus viridians group, Group A β-hemolytic Streptococci. There were only 3 cases with polymicrobial growth. The histopathological examination reported acute tonsillitis with follicular hyperplasia in all children.

Conclusions: The understanding of microbiological profile could help in management of acute tonsillitis. The pathological profile can help us to identify the organisms which are difficult to culture.
Role of mometasone furoate nasal spray versus saline nasal spray in treatment of adenoid hypertrophy: a prospective, randomized study
Authors: Monga Rabia , Bhagat Sanjeev , Sharma Vishal , Sahni Dimple , Singh Harjinder , Sharma Dinesh Kumar
Published: September 2020

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is a common disorder in the paediatric population, presenting with multiple signs and symptoms ranging from nasal obstruction to obstructive sleep apnoea. Most common symptom is usually nasal airway obstruction. This prospective, randomized study aims to evaluate the efficacy of mometasone furoate spray in reducing size and clinical symptoms in patients with adenoid hypertrophy compared to saline spray.

Methods: 60 patients in the age group of 3-11 years were enrolled in the study. Five symptoms were included that were hypo nasal speech, snoring, night cough, open mouth breathing and nasal obstruction which were scored as never=0, mild (sometimes)=1, moderate (less than 50% of times)=2, and severe (constant)=3. Diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy was made on basis of nasal endoscopy.

Results: Significant improvement was seen in individual as well as overall symptom score in group A as compared to group B after 8 weeks of treatment (p<0.001). There was significant improvement in mean adenoid grade as per nasal endoscopy at 8 weeks post therapy (p<0.001) which was not seen after 4 weeks of therapy.

Conclusion: Intranasal steroid sprays have good role in decreasing the symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy and has reduced number of adenoidectomies required. The long-term effects as well as optimal duration of therapy is still controversial and needs to be studied further.
Giant pediatric tubercular retropharyngeal abscess: a rare case
Authors: Raheja Vinny , Kumari Manisha , Goel Ashiya , . Aman
Published: September 2020

A 9-year old child presented with tubercular retropharyngeal abscess leading to stridor. Tubercular retropharyngeal abscess is an extremely rare condition in children. Early management reduces the risk of lethal complications. Due to the absence of classical signs, the diagnosis may be delayed. Therefore, adequate radiological investigations and microbiological studies of aspirate must be done to rule out tubercular aetiology. Conservative medical management should be given in uncomplicated cases. Surgical drainage must be done in cases resistant to medical therapy or presenting with complications.
The noninvasive assessment of maxillary sinus
Authors: Munjal Manish , Gupta Ritu , Rishi Porshia , Goyal Ajay , Munjal Shubham , Garg Shubham , Singh Archit Pal
Published: September 2020

The maxillary sinus with its antigravity drainage affected by pathology at the osteomeatal unit, necessitates an intervention, medical or surgical. Role of basic imaging in pretreatment evaluation is elaborated upon.  

 
A MEMÓRIA SOBRE A LEPRA NO DISCURSO FUNDADOR RELIGIOSO
Authors: Santos Washington Da Silva , Silva Edvania Gomes da
Published: September 2020

A partir da acepção de que o discurso religioso é um discurso constituinte e que o termo lepra, associado a uma doença contemporânea, a hanseníase, circula frequentemente dentro deste discurso, discutimos neste artigo como o termo lepra circula conferindo múltiplos sentidos a fim de constituir uma certa memória. Objetivando verificar que discursos se encontram materializados a partir do campo religioso em relação à lepra e norteiam, pela memória, práticas de saúde pública na contemporaneidade, desenvolvemos nossa análise a partir do texto bíblico do livro de Levítico em seu capítulo treze.
O MITO DA PROSTITUIÇÃO NA ANTIGA MESOPOTÂMIA: UMA DISSOCIAÇÃO DE SEUS RESPECTIVOS “PAPÉIS” DA SEXUALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Montalvão Sérgio Aguiar
Published: September 2020

Este artigo dissocia papéis do mito da prostituição na Antiga Mesopotâmia, cuja religião possuía o Matrimônio Sagrado representado na união do rei da Suméria com a en/entu, sumo sacerdotisa de Inanna. Ugbatu era sacerdotisa enclausurada. Nadítu e kulmashîtu eram não-sacerdotisas devotas enclausuradas. Qadishtu e ishtarîtu eram funcionárias de culto do templo. Kezertu era devota de Ishtar solicitada por mulheres da alta sociedade. Shamhatu vinculada à prosperidade e harimtu com renda própria como comerciante sem família estavam nos papéis femininos seculares. Sacerdotes kurgarrû e assinnu caracterizavam a guerra e a beleza masculina. Assim, tais papéis jamais possuíram vínculo com a prostituição.
RELIGIÃO E LITERATURA SAGRADA: 20 ANOS DE PRODUÇÃO DISCENTE
Authors: Richter Reimer Ivoni , Silva Rosemary Francisca Neves
Published: September 2020

Este artigo-relatório tem por objetivo visibilizar todos os resultados de pesquisa discente na Linha Religião e Literatura Sagrada, apresentados na forma de dissertações e teses no período de 1999-2019 no PPGCR PUC Goiás. O resumo foi construído com base no levantamento dos dados disponíveis no Sistema de Publicação Eletrônica de Teses e Dissertações desta IES e em listas fornecidas pela Secretaria da Escola de Formação de Professores e Humanidades. O material foi organizado em 6 eixos temáticos e os resumos foram apresentados de forma cronológica. A contribuição das pesquisas realizadas é importante para o PPGCR, impactando na construção de conhecimento a serviço da vida em vários setores sócioculturais no Brasil, e principalmente nas regiões Centro-Oeste e Norte.
Inferences from Bootstrap Method for Ability Parameters in 2-Parameter Logistic Model
Authors: OLMUŞ Hülya , NAZMAN Ezgi
Published: September 2020

Ability parameter of persons/examinees estimates can be obtained using Joint Maximum Likelihood (JML) estimation method in Item Response Theory (IRT). However, JML estimates can be biased in some cases. Although Bootstrap method has been considered for JML, existing studies remain far from satisfactory with respect to the ability parameter estimation. This research evaluate the performances of JML and Bootstrap estimates of ability parameter in terms of Standard Error Measurement (SEM) in 2-Parameter Logistic (2-PL) model conducting a detailed Monte Carlo simulation study. According to the results, the average SEM estimates of Bootstrap method are less than the average SEM estimates of JML in terms of the ability parameter.
Evaluación del ciclo del nitrógeno en un suelo agrícola perturbado con compuestos Sal-fen de níquel y zinc
Authors: López Pacheco Andrea Alicia , Escárcega-Bobadilla Martha Verónica , Mondragón-Camarillo Laura , Hayano-Kanashiro Corina , Varela-Romero Alejandro , Vílchez-Vargas Ramiro , Calderón Alvarado Kadiya
Published: September 2020

El suelo proporciona servicios ecosistémicos fundamentales como la regulación del ciclo del nitrógeno, el cual, es dirigido por la microbiota que éste alberga y su estabilidad depende ante perturbaciones bióticas o abióticas, como la contaminación por metales y metaloides. Altas concentraciones de níquel (Ni) y zinc (Zn) en suelos agrícolas están relacionadas con la aplicación de prácticas agrícolas convencionales, composta, biosólidos, así como riego con agua contaminada proveniente de la industria minera y termoeléctrica, principalmente. Con el objetivo de conocer los efectos de dicha perturbación abiótica, se realizó un estudio a nivel microcosmos con suelo agrícola proveniente de la Costa de Hermosillo, Sonora, México, perturbado con compuestos M-salfen de Ni(II) y Zn(II), para evaluar su efecto basado en el funcionamiento del ciclo del nitrógeno en el sistema a lo largo del tiempo. Análisis espectrofotométricos de la reserva de nitrógeno inorgánico, absorción atómica y pH revelaron la recuperación de la funcionalidad del ciclo del nitrógeno en 240 días posteriores a las perturbaciones con M-salfen aplicadas, sugiriendo la utilización de NiSB15 como promotor para el incremento de la concentración de nitrato a los 60 días, en conjunción con NiSA15 para aumentar la concentración de amonio en suelos agrícolas contaminados con metales pesados.
Actividad Antioxidante y Antiproliferativa de Seis Plantas Medicinales del Noroeste de México
Authors: Vidal Gutiérrez Max , Torres Moreno Heriberto , Velázquez Contreras Carlos Arturo , Rascón Valenzuela Luisa Alondra , Robles Zepeda Ramón Enrique
Published: September 2020

Las especies reactivas de oxígeno, que inducen estrés oxidativo en el organismo, son uno de los factores de riesgo para padecer de algún tipo de cáncer. En México los tipos de cáncer con mayor mortalidad son el de próstata, mama, cervicouterino, pulmón e hígado. Los productos naturales representan la forma más antigua de remedios medicinales, para el cáncer esta fuente no es una excepción. En esta investigación, se estudió la actividad antioxidante por ABTS y DPPH, y la actividad antiproliferativa de seis plantas medicinales del noroeste de México. Las cáscaras del fruto de Jacquinia macrocarpa ssp pungens mostraron la mejor actividad antiproliferativa del estudio con una IC50 de 9.2 mg/mL en A549, seguido por B microphylla con IC50 de 13.8 mg/mL en HeLa. Bursera laxiflora obtuvo la mejor actividad antioxidante de las seis plantas frente a los radicales ABTS y DPPH, así como también presentó actividad antiproliferativa en HeLa. La corteza de B. laxiflora contiene compuestos con actividad antioxidante, que probablemente, también sean los mismos que inducen la actividad antiproliferativa en células cancerosas. Por otro lado, J.  macrocarpa y B. microphylla no presentan actividad antioxidante, sin embargo, las tres especies vegetales representan una fuente potencial de moléculas con actividad antiproliferativa.
Evaluación fisicoquímica y sensorial de un pan tipo baguette utilizando harinas de trigo (Triticum spp) y chícharo (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Calvo Carrillo María de la Concepción , López Méndez Oliverio Xicoténcatl , Carranco Jáuregui María Elena , Marines Jared
Published: September 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue elaborar un pan salado tipo bagette con la técnica de masa esponja incorporando a la harina de trigo (HT) 10, 15 y 20% de harina de chícharo (HCh) y evaluar su efecto en tiempo de amasado y fermentación en las masas a través del análisis físico de los panes (pérdida de humedad, peso del pan, volumen específico, color), composición química (humedad, proteína cruda, extracto etéreo, cenizas, fibra cruda, carbohidratos totales y perfil de aminoácidos) y evaluación sensorial (color, olor, textura, sabor y aspecto general). El mejor tiempo de amasado fue para la masa con 20 % y de fermentación al 10 % con HCh, volumen específico mayor para HCh 15 % y para color (variables L, a* y b*) no hubo diferencia estadística (p>0.05). Tanto la proteína como el perfil de aminoácidos se fueron incrementando al aumentar la inclusión de HCh. La evaluación sensorial, color, olor, textura, sabor y aspecto general, con respecto al testigo, el pan que obtuvo la mejor calificación (gusta) fue el del 15 % de HCh. En general, el pan que presentó los mejores atributos fue el del 15% con HCh.
Clinoptilolita natural mexicana tratada con plata para remover DDD en agua
Authors: Alvarado Ibarra Juana , Terán-Samaniego Karla , Vargas-Hernández Diana , Bautista Olivas Ana Laura
Published: September 2020

Se estudió el efecto de la temperatura y de la variación de la concentración de plata en una clinoptilolita natural para remover DDD. Mediante las técnicas MEB-EDX y BET se analizó a la muestra natural y modificada. En las pruebas cinéticas se encontró que el equilibrio se presenta a los 180 minutos de contacto y que la plata incrementa la eficiencia de remoción. El proceso presenta una cinética por quimisor­ción, ya que se ajustó al modelo de pseudo segundo orden y los coeficientes de determinación variaron en un intervalo de 0.9933 a 0.9997. Por las isotermas de adsorción se obtuvo que la máxima concentración adsorbida es de 0.19 mg/g y los datos ajustaron perfectamente al modelo de Langmuir, en el cual se observa que la constante b, relacionada con la energía de adsorción, disminuye cuando hay aumento en la temperatura, lo que indica un decremento de la adsorción a altas temperaturas, teniendo que el orden de adsorción es 25 °C > 35 °C > 45 °C. Se concluye que el proceso es de natu­raleza exotérmica, al tener que la adsorción es mayor cuando la temperatura es menor, corroborado por el cálculo de los parámetros termodinámicos (ΔH°, ΔG° y ΔS°).
Nuevas características en distribución espacial, edad y crecimiento de la especie protegida Totoaba macdonaldi en el Golfo de California
Authors: Rodríguez-García Oswaldo Uriel , Román-Rodríguez Martha Judith , Morales-Bojorquez Enrique , De Anda Montañez Juan Antonio , García-De León Francisco Javier , Campos-Dávila Lucia , Bervera-León Horacio , Rivera-Rodríguez Laura Beatriz
Published: September 2020

Para evaluar algunos aspectos demográficos de Totoaba macdonaldi 40 años después de que se prohibió su
explotación comercial, se realizaron muestreos en el Golfo de California de abril de 2010 a julio de 2014. Se determinó la distribución espacial, la estructura de edad, el crecimiento, la relación longitud-peso y la proporción de sexos. Con base en la detección de anillos de crecimiento en otolitos, la edad de los peces comprendió de 0 a 19 años. Se identificaron dos áreas de reclutamiento; 1) Islas Las Encantadas, cerca de Bahía San Luis Gonzaga, y 2) Piedra Consag, frente a la costa de San Felipe, Baja California. Las capturas de totoaba en Bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur y Mazatlán, Sinaloa, sugieren un nuevo registro que amplía su rango histórico. Sobre la base de un enfoque bayesiano, se estimaron los parámetros de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy para la población en su conjunto, y separados por sexo (hembra y macho) con tasas de 0.27, 0.28 y 0.31 año-1, respectivamente. La relación longitud-peso obtenida sugiere un crecimiento isométrico. La proporción de sexos no mostró diferencias significativas (p > 0.05) con respecto a la relación esperada 1:1. La expansión del rango de distribución y la estructura de edad observada hasta el año 2013-2014 puede considerarse al menos de estabilidad de la población. Ahora, es necesario llevar a cabo nuevas investigaciones para evaluar el estado actual de la población.
Efectos de heterosis en poblaciones nativas de maíz y sus cruzas F1
Authors: Cervantes Adame Yessica Flor , Rebolloza Hernádez Hermes , Broa Rojas Elizabeth , Olvera Velona Angeluz , Bahena Delgado Gregorio
Published: September 2020

RESUMEN

Con el objetivo de cuantificar la Heterosis Panmíctica (Hp) y determinar los efectos de Heterosis Varietal (Vj) y Heterosis especifica (sjj´), se utilizaron siete poblaciones de maíz nativo y sus 21 cruzas directas. Los 28 genotipos de maíz se evaluaron en tres ambientes del estado de Morelos (Ayala-O/I-2012/2013, Ayala-P/V-2013 y Tepalcingo-P/V-2013). El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se midieron cuatro variables y se sometieron a un análisis de varianza combinado, comparación de medias (DMS0.01), la Hp se calculo de manera porcentual, la Heterosis varietal y Heterosis específica se determinaron por el método de Gardner y Eberhart. En la expresión porcentual la Cruza-17 presentó valores positivos en Hp en las variables de GM (19.16), HM (11.81), P100G (7.77) y RG (5.36). En la (Vj´) los progenitores con mayor efecto fueron BCP1 (5) y CB029 (6), ambos impactaron en la formación de cruzas con los valores más altos de (sjj´) como la Cruza-26 y Cruza-56 esto para RG y GM. Lo anterior permite la selección de poblaciones nativas de maíz para mejorar características relacionadas al rendimiento de grano mediante el cruzamiento inter-poblacional.

Palabras clave:efecto varietal, cruzas, rendimiento
Lichenological Practices for Monitoring Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change in India
Authors: Bajpai Rajesh , Singh C. P. , Upreti D. K.
Published: September 2020

Soil microflora is continuously changing with altered soil conditions. These soil alterations are a consequence of heavy metals entering and affecting every sphere of life. Heavy metals are not only hazardous for crops but also affect the soil microbial community. Soil bacteria with the potential of plant growth promotion and multiple metal resistances can be an instrument for crop improvement and heavy metal detoxification. In this study, predominant bacterial community associated with the heavy metal contaminated soil was studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in association with culture-based techniques. Elemental metal analysis of collected soil samples showed an elevated level of metal content in the soil. 16S rRNA gene analysis and phylogenetic analysis of 126 bacterial clones revealed the probable predominance of Pseudomonas (40.48%) followed by Flavisolibacter (13.49%). Based on morphological and biochemical characterization, nine Pseudomonas strains were selected from the soil and were further confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing with 92%-100% similarity with Pseudomonas species. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum tolerance capacity (MTC) of three essential metals Cu, Zn, and Fe were determined individually and in combinations. It was found that Zn is the most toxic metal among the three metals and the metal showed a synergistic effect in inhibiting microbial growth when used in combinations. Presence of three metal resistant/tolerant genes czcA, pcoA and copB were also determined in the isolated Pseudomonas sp. by PCR. The soil in this region has high concentrations of heavy metals. The indigenous Pseudomonas sp. has multiple metal resistances and can be used for bioremediation of heavy metals and microbe assisted phytoremediation.
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) Alter Plant Host Somatic Mutation Frequencies
Authors: Shah Jasmine M. , C. Aparna , Nair Pallavi S.
Published: September 2020

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are a group of soil bacteria which can induce positive growth in plants by different mechanisms. This work intends to find the effect of PGPRs on two classes of somatic mutations in the host, frame shift mutation (FSM) and somatic homologous recombination (SHR) and, compare the same with that of a pathogen. Somatic mutations in plants are important as they are an adaptation strategy to overcome stressful conditions and also get passed on to the next generations. The mutation detector Arabidopsis thaliana lines carrying a non-functional β-glucuronidase gene (GUS) were used to score the mutation events. One day-old mutant seedlings were co-cultivated with the PGPRs (Rhizobium leguminosarum and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and the pathogenic strain (P. syringae) for two different post-infection durations (4 h and 48 h). A reversion of the mutated GUS to its functional form resulted in blue spots in the host plant. Based on the number of blue spots seen, the mutation frequencies were estimated. An increase in FSM was observed in plants co-cultivated with R. leguminosarum for 4 h as well as 48 h. R. leguminosarum suppressed SHR frequency 4 h-post infection, which significantly increased at 48 h. In contrast, P. fluorescens infection lead to a temporal suppression of FSM and induction of SHR at 4 h. Subsequently, the SHR rates reduced significantly, i.e. lower than the uninfected controls at 48 h. The pathogenic strain P. syringae temporally increased FSM in plants and also enhanced SHR rates in plants 4 h post-infection, which also subsequently reduced 48 h post infection. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other reports comparing the effect of PGPRs on host somatic mutation rates.
The Traditional Knowledge of Wild Edible Leaf used by Tribal People in Chhattisgarh
Authors: Kumari Babita , Solanki Hitesh
Published: September 2020

Chhattisgarh, A state of rich biodiversity zone covered a wide range of forest having three climatic zones namely north and central eastern plateau zone, Eastern plateau zone, Western plateau zone supporting a rich biodiversity. Approximately, 30 tribal inhabitants depend on forest for survival and population live below the poverty line. The forest provide a significant role to provide them wild leafy vegetables, consumed by the tribal and other local inhabitants. These wild edible leaves not only provide the nutritional requirements of local population but ensure food security for the people living in and around forests areas. The role of present study was to enthuses the various wild edible leaves eaten by the local communities.
Determinants of Depression Risk among Three Asian American Subgroups in New York City
Authors: Misra Supriya , Wyatt Laura C. , Wong Jennifer A. , Huang Cindy Y. , Ali Shahmir H. , Trinh-Shevrin Chau , Islam Nadia S. , Yi Stella S. , Kwon Simona C.
Published: September 2020

Objective: Although the fastest growing mi­nority group, Asian Americans receive little attention in mental health research. More­over, aggregated data mask further diversity within Asian Americans. This study aimed to examine depression risk by detailed Asian American subgroup, and further assess de­terminants within and between three Asian ethnic subgroups.Methods: Needs assessment surveys were collected in 16 Asian American subgroups (six Southeast Asian, six South Asian, and four East Asian) in New York City from 2013-2016 using community-based sampling strategies. A final sample of N=1,532 com­pleted the PHQ-2. Bivariate comparisons and multivariable logistic models explored differences in depression risk by subgroup.Results: Southeast Asians had the greatest depression risk (19%), followed by South Asians (11%) and East Asians (9%). Among Southeast Asians, depression risk was associ­ated with lacking health insurance (OR=.2, 95% CI: 0-.6), not having a provider who speaks the same language (OR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.3-8.0), and lower neighborhood social cohesion (OR= .94, 95% CI: .71-.99). Among South Asians, depression risk was associated with greater English proficiency (OR=3.9, 95% CI: 1.6-9.2); and among East Asians, depression risk was associated with ≤ high school education (OR=4.2, 95% CI: 1.2-14.3). Additionally, among Southeast Asians and South Asians, the high­est depression risk was associated with high levels of discrimination (Southeast Asian: OR=9.9, 95% CI: 1.8-56.2; South Asian: OR=7.3, 95% CI: 3.3-16.2).Conclusions: Depression risk and deter­minants differed by Asian American ethnic subgroup. Identifying factors associated with depression risk among these groups is key to targeting limited public health resources for these underserved communities. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):553-562; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.553
Discrimination Is Associated with Elevated Cardiovascular Disease Risk among African Immigrants in the African Immigrant Health Study
Authors: Turkson-Ocran Ruth-Alma N. , Szanton Sarah L. , Cooper Lisa A. , Golden Sherita H. , Ahima Rexford S. , Perrin Nancy , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne
Published: September 2020

Background: African Americans and other persons of African descent in the United States are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Discrimi­nation is associated with higher CVD risk among US adults; however, this relationship is unknown among African immigrants.Objective: To examine the associations among discrimination, resilience, and CVD risk in African immigrants.Methods: The African Immigrant Health Study was a cross-sectional study of African immigrants in Baltimore-Washington, DC, with recruitment and data collection taking place between June 2017 and April 2019. The main outcome was elevated CVD risk, the presence of ≥3 CVD risk factors includ­ing hypertension, diabetes, high choles­terol, overweight/obesity, tobacco use, and poor diet. The secondary outcomes were these six individual CVD risk factors. The exposure was discrimination measured with the Everyday Discrimination Scale; summed scores ≥2 on each item indicated frequent experiences of discrimination. Resilience was assessed with the 10-item Connor- Davidson resilience scale. Logistic regression was used to examine the odds of elevated CVD risk, adjusting for relevant covariates.Results: We included 342 participants; 61% were females. The mean (±SD) age was 47(±11) years, 61% had at least a bachelor’s degree, 18% had an income <$40,000, and 49% had lived in the US ≥15 years. Persons with frequent experi­ences of discrimination were 1.82 times (95%CI: 1.04–3.21) more likely to have elevated CVD risk than those with fewer experiences. Resilience did not moderate the relationship between CVD risk and discrimination.Conclusion: African immigrants with frequent experiences of discrimination were more likely to have elevated CVD risk. Tar­geted and culturally appropriate interven­tions are needed to reduce the high burden of CVD risk in this population. Health care providers should be aware of discrimina­tion as a meaningful social determinant of CVD risk. At the societal level, policies and laws are needed to reduce the occurrence of discrimination among African immi­grants and racial/ethnic minorities. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):651-660;doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.651
HPV Vaccination Hesitancy Among Latina Immigrant Mothers Despite Physician Recommendation
Authors: Khodadadi Alexandra B. , Redden David T. , Scarinci Isabel C.
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake continues to be low in the United States. While a recommenda­tion from a health care provider (HCP) has been shown to be associated with vaccine acceptability among parents, little is known about factors associated with hesitancy despite HCP recommendation. We exam­ined factors associated with HPV vaccine hesitancy, despite a physician recommenda­tion, among Latina immigrant mothers of daughters aged 9-12 years.Methods: As part of a group randomized trial to promote HPV vaccination between 2013 and 2016, we conducted a baseline interviewer-administered survey of mothers to assess sociodemographics, knowledge and perceived risk of cervical cancer/HPV infection, self-efficacy, and intention to vaccinate their unvaccinated daughters. Hesitancy was defined as “don’t know/not sure” (DK/NS) in response to the question: “If your daughter’s doctor recommended that she gets the HPV vaccine, would you let her get it?”Results: Of the 317 participants, 35.3% indicated hesitancy to vaccinate their daughters if their physician recommended it. Although a number of variables were as­sociated with HPV vaccine hesitancy in the univariate model, five remained significant in the final multivariable model: daughter’s health insurance status; HPV awareness; perceived risk of HPV infection for their daughters; perceived self-risk of cervical cancer; and a self-efficacy score of ability to complete the HPV vaccination series.Conclusions: A recommendation by a health care provider may be not enough to motivate Latina immigrant mothers to vaccinate their daughters. Further efforts should focus on increasing awareness re­garding HPV and cervical cancer, heighten­ing perceived risk of HPV infection among daughters and boosting self-efficacy to get their children vaccinated against HPV.Ethn Dis. 2020; 30(4):661-670; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.661
Baseline Characteristics of the 2015-2019 First Year Student Cohorts of the NIH Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD ) Program
Authors: Norris Keith C. , McCreath Heather E. , Hueffer Karsten , Aley Stephen B. , Chavira Gabriela , Christie Christina A. , Crespi Catherine M. , Crespo Carlos , D’Amour Gene , Eagan Kevin , Echegoyen Lourdes E. , Feig Andrew , Foroozesh Maryam , Guerrero Lourdes R. , Johnson Kelly , Kamangar Farin , Kingsford Laura , LaCourse William , MacCalla Nicole Marie-Gerardi , Marquez-Magana Leticia , Mathur Ambika , Maton Kenneth , Mehravaran Shiva , Morales Danielle X. , Nakazono Terry , Ofili Elizabeth , Okuyemi Kolawole , Ott Laura , Parangan-Smith Audrey , Pfund Christine , Purnell Dawn , Reynolds Arleigh , Rous Phillip J. , Saetermoe Carrie , Snyder Katherine , Vishwanatha Jamboor K. , Wagler Amy , Wallace Steven P. , Seeman Teresa
Published: September 2020

Objective: The biomedical/behavioral sciences lag in the recruitment and ad­vancement of students from historically underrepresented backgrounds. In 2014 the NIH created the Diversity Program Consortium (DPC), a prospective, multi-site study comprising 10 Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) institutional grantees, the National Research Mentor­ing Network (NRMN) and a Coordination and Evaluation Center (CEC). This article describes baseline characteristics of four incoming, first-year student cohorts at the primary BUILD institutions who completed the Higher Education Research Institute, The Freshmen Survey between 2015-2019. These freshmen are the primary student cohorts for longitudinal analyses comparing outcomes of BUILD program participants and non-participants.Design: Baseline description of first-year students entering college at BUILD institu­tions during 2015-2019.Setting: Ten colleges/universities that each received <$7.5mil/yr in NIH Research Project Grants and have high proportions of low-income students.Participants: First-year undergraduate stu­dents who participated in BUILD-sponsored activities and a sample of non-BUILD stu­dents at the same BUILD institutions. A total of 32,963 first-year students were enrolled in the project; 64% were female, 18% His­panic/Latinx, 19% African American/Black, 2% American Indian/Alaska Native and Na­tive Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 17% Asian, and 29% White. Twenty-seven percent were from families with an income <$30,000/yr and 25% were their family’s first generation in college.Planned Outcomes: Primary student outcomes to be evaluated over time include undergraduate biomedical degree comple­tion, entry into/completion of a graduate biomedical degree program, and evidence of excelling in biomedical research and scholarship.Conclusions: The DPC national evaluation has identified a large, longitudinal cohort of students with many from groups histori­cally underrepresented in the biomedical sciences that will inform institutional/ national policy level initiatives to help diversify the biomedical workforce.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):681-692; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.681