bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐9.3: A Typical Interconnect Model for High Bandwidth Video Streaming Transmission in Mixed‐Reality Devices
Authors: Zhao Hanhan , Wang Yawen , Gong Fan , Chen Chunhao , Zhang Rui
Published: June 2024

The design of system architecture that incorporates a System‐on‐chip (SoC) and a co‐processor, has emerged as a prevailing trend in the realm of Mixed‐Reality (MR) devices. The interconnection between such two chips is critical for the performance and reliability of MR devices, but it faces challenges from high bandwidth requirement and various channel losses in different chip placements. In this paper, we present a typical chip‐to‐chip interconnect model that can support 32Gbps bandwidth and adapt to various channel loss and transmission line lengths in different system designs. The interconnect model incorporates each typical element in packages, PCB and FPC. We optimize the interconnect model in signal integrity, use the model to simulate the interconnection up to 400mm‐length with calibrated material properties and analyze its performance in time‐domain and frequency‐domain. Our model can offer valuable insight for interconnect design when incorporating a co‐processor approach into MR devices.
P‐9.7: Design of Green Backlight Module for Digital Image Engine in Airborne head‐up display
Authors: Liu Gang , Yan Hongkang , Huang Wei , Gu Jin , Hu Haochuan
Published: June 2024

The liquid crystal digital image engine is the core component of airborne head‐up display device, which is mainly composed of three parts: the LCD panel, the backlight module and the control system. The luminous efficiency of digital image engine, which is characterized by the ratio of brightness and power consumption is an important optical performance of products, which determines its energy consumption and heat generation ability. In the case of LCD panel selection or limited design indicators, the luminous efficiency is mainly determined by the backlight module. In this paper, one green LED backlight module based on COB package technology is proposed, which makes a uniform spot area of 100mm×80mm. Through the secondary light distribution effect of specially designed lens and optical films, the backlight module demonstrated higher light efficiency. Test results show that, compared with traditional backlight, this scheme can help the digital image engine achieve a significant improvement in the luminous efficiency and brightness uniformity with the unchanged view angle enveloping. The backlight is an ideal form for the LCD digital image engine of airborne head‐up display.
P‐10.9: A Wearable Piezoelectric Sensor for Static‐dynamic Signal Detection and ITZO TFT Integrated Research
Authors: Yang Mei , Huang Wei , Chen Rongsheng
Published: June 2024

Wearable flexible electronic devices are increasingly becoming an important part of the future rolling touch screen, health care equipment, electronic skin and other fields. It is worth noting that piezoelectric sensors are widely used because of their self‐powered capability, fast response, and relatively simple circuits. Among them, Indium‐tin‐zinc oxide thin‐film transistor (ITZO TFT) has high field effect mobility, low energy consumption, and can be used as an amplifier for signal amplification of flexible sensing systems. In this paper, we constructed a flexible piezoelectric sensor (PZ) based on electrospun PVDF and hydrothermally assisted growth of ZnO nanorods. Besides, this PZ sensor has higher sensitivity than the individual PVDF piezoelectric sensor. The sensor can not only be used for detection of static objects, but also for the capture of tiny physiological signals of human body, such as vibration of vocal cords, pulse beat, etc., showing superiority in dynamic and static signal detection. At the same time, the sensor can be integrated with ITZO TFT, which can still achieve stable signal acquisition and show application prospects as future brain‐computer interface and intelligent robotics manufacturing.
P‐10.13: Research on improving the bending ability of foldable AMOLED mobile screen by overlaying FMLOC and COE technology
Authors: Yao Yang , Zhang Taoran , Lu Yanting , Liu Kunlong , Mo Zailong , Zhou Da , Zhang Shilin , Xu Jing , Wu Xufeng , Zheng Xiaolong , Sun Yu
Published: June 2024

The market development trend of foldable AMOLED screen is introduced in the article, and then the core links of the industry chain of foldable mobile phones is drawn off. Furthermore, that improving the bending ability is an urgent problem to be solved in achieving lightweight is proposed. Based on this demand, a specific structural scheme and a complete set of bending ability evaluation methods to achieve lightweight affect are put forward. By combining bending simulation and product failure test, the mechanism is analyzed, and also, the main and secondary factor affecting bending ability are proposed. After that, a standardized improvement system for bending ability, including optimization of membrane quality, structural optimization, and process optimization, is validated and applied. On condition that an average bending radius of 1.5mm for Panel and 1.3mm for MDL are achieved ultimately, that has reached the international leading level. Moreover, based on the stress simulation research, a nonlinear model relationship between the strain of the TLD film layer (SiNx) and the clamp distance, which is a key factor affecting the bending ability and can predict the bending ability, is established. Finally, the future development direction and research direction of improving the bending ability of foldable AMOLED screen are prospected.
P‐11.1: The application of dot printing technology in mini‐LED backlight unit
Authors: Wang Xiao , Geng Xiaolin , Tang Hai , Lv Chaoren , Zhai Ming , Wang Xiaoli , Chen Xiaokang , Xu Ke , Ma Tao , Shi Lingyun , Zhang Jinling
Published: June 2024

This paper mainly introduces the dot technology, which is printing or spraying high‐reflectivity materials directly above the LED, resulting in a reduction of half the number of partitions, a decrease in the number of optical film materials by 2~4 sheets, a reduction in module thickness by 0.5mm, and an overall cost reduction of approximately 30%. The dot can be a simple circle or a variety of pattern types (octagonal star, hex star, etc.)
P‐11.7: Optimizing Chip Sidewall Inclined Angle and Thickness for Enhanced Light Extraction Efficiency in AlGaN‐based Deep Ultraviolet Micro‐LEDs
Authors: Wang Juan , Hyun Byung-Ryool , Liu Zhaojun
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we systematically optimized the p‐type layers thickness and sidewall inclined angle of flip‐chip AlGaN‐based deep ultraviolet Micro‐LEDs using finite difference time‐domain (FDTD) method, aiming to maximize light extraction efficiency (LEE). It was found that due to the reflection of electrodes, variation in the thickness of p‐AlGaN and p‐GaN causes oscillations in the light extraction efficiency, which is caused by destructive interference and constructive interference. Additionally, we found that a 40° sidewall inclination angle yields the maximum LEE, with a 40% enhancement over the vertical sidewall. These simulation results present potential avenues for improving the LEE of DUV Micro‐LEDs.
P‐12.6: Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Sputtered TiO2 as Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Wei Jiahao , Pan Xinyi , Li Depeng , Xu Zhonghua , Zhang Zhuofan , Ma Jingrui , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: June 2024

Quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) is one of the most important components in the display field, and different structures have a certain impact on the final performance of the device. Previous QLEDs mainly use ZnO nanocrystals as the electron transport layer (ETL), but the chemical activity of ZnO nanocrystals under electric fields and moisture is not stable enough. To solve this problem, this paper studies the effects of TiO2 films with different thicknesses on the luminescence, current density and external quantum efficiency of QLED devices by using magnetron sputtered TiO2 as a new ETL. The experimental results show that the 50nm TiO2 film achieves the highest external quantum efficiency while maintaining favorable current density and brightness.
P‐13.8: Stabilization of Photoalignment Layer for Liquid Crystal
Authors: Ahmed Md. Atik , Jiatong Sun
Published: June 2024

The utilization of liquid crystal (LC) devices has become more significant in a wide range of technical applications due to their ability to modify optical characteristics and their versatility. Nevertheless, a crucial factor that impacts their performance is the stabilization of the photoalignment layer, which assumes a fundamental function in regulating the orientation of liquid crystals. The present study focuses on the difficulties and progress in achieving stability in the photoalignment layer utilized in liquid crystal devices. This paper provides an overview of the existing body of research, which encompasses a wide range of procedures, materials, and techniques that have been utilized to improve the stability of these layers. In this paper, we worked with different concentration ratios of RM257 on the SD1 alignment layer with different UV light polarization times. We studied that a higher concentration of RM and longer irradiation time gives a good photostability and the thickness of RM layers is also considerable like 5 nm the photoalignment properties of these materials are made possible by using photoalignment composite materials to create high‐quality liquid crystal photoalignment. The present analysis examines the constraints identified in prior studies, which encompass concerns related to longevity, environmental sensitivity, fabrication complexity, and performance trade‐offs. The abstract further emphasizes the crucial requirement for approaches that effectively manage the trade‐off between stability, optical quality, and feasible application in real‐life scenarios. Moreover, it underscores the need to comprehend degradation mechanisms for long‐term durability. The primary objective of this research study is to present a thorough and all‐encompassing examination of the area, with a specific focus on identifying potential future breakthroughs in stabilizing photoalignment layers for liquid crystal devices by UV polarization with a suitable RM concentration.
P‐13.11: Study on the Light Utilization Efficiency of TFT‐LCD by ITO‐Cu Structure Gate
Authors: Guanshui Luo , Jinming Liu , Ziran Li
Published: June 2024

This article investigates the effect of ITO‐Cu gate structure on the penetration rate of LCD panels. Firstly, the ITO tail range is determined through finite difference time domain simulation. During the experiment, the water content during the ITO PVD film formation process is increased to improve the ITO single film penetration rate. In addition, due to the continuous Cu film formation process leading to substrate rise, ITO crystallizes prematurely and etching is difficult. This article obtains the ITO crystallization temperature through experiments, simultaneously controlling the thickness of Cu film can effectively avoid the problem of ITO crystallization. The experimental results show that the penetration rate of ITO/Cu structured TFT‐LCD is 3%~5% higher than that of Mo/Cu structured TFT‐LCD.
P‐15.8: Fine Tuning the Green Device Capacitance by Adjusting the Energy Gap of the Functional Layer
Authors: Zhou Ruicong , Gao Yu , Ha Luna , Song Wonjun
Published: June 2024

As the applied range and consumer demand increase, display quality performances of the products, such as smear phenomenon become more and more important. The correlation between smear and green device capacitance, so how to tune the green device capacitance to match that of the red and blue becomes key factor. In this paper, we achieve this by matching the energy gap of the functional layer, the goal of regulating green device capacitance is achieved, thereby improving the smear problem of mobile displays.
P‐15.18: An introduction to Research of Improving Crosstalk (H) by Optimizing Parasitic Capacitance
Authors: Zhao Xin , Ma Zhili , Sun Guangyuan , Li Yongqiang , Duan Pei , Tian Miaomiao , Gao Linhua , Huang Genmao , Zhu Xiujian
Published: June 2024

With the gradual development of OLED display, the industry's requirements for display quality are getting higher and higher. Among them, crosstalk (H) is an important indicator to evaluate display quality. In research, crosstalk (H) has been greatly improved by adjusting the parasitic capacitance between driving transistor gate and scan signal (Cs2_vg). The results show that the crosstalk (H) value of Low Temperature Polycrystalline Oxide (LTPO) products can be reduced from 1.72% to 1.11% at 120Hz refresh frequency, also does not worsen other display effects after all optical inspection.
P‐15.21: High sensitive Under‐Screen Piezoelectric sensor Integrated with OLED display Module
Authors: Sun Kuo , hu Xiaoran , Han Linqian , Tang Guoqiang , Qiu Haijun , Xiang Yong
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a self‐powered piezoelectric sensor is developed for pressure monitoring. Though molecular design and processing optimum of piezoelectric materials, the the accuracy of pressure sensing was significantly improved, and the sphygmic signal of the human body can be detected. In particular, the prepared sensor is capable to be integrated under flexible OLED display to realize sphygmic signal detection. Thus, a new under‐screen flexible OLED health sensing device is realized.
P‐15.28: Fixture Plate Modifications for Enhancing the Bending Performance of Droplet‐shaped Foldable Module
Authors: Cheng Zhitao , Wang Zuqiang , Wang Wenjun , Zhou Zhiwei , Feng Zikang , Tang Jialiang , Dai Chao , Wu Yuanjun
Published: June 2024

The prevalent majority of foldable mobile phone products in the market are in the form of droplet shaped, which is formed by the combined action of the middle floating plate, the side floating plate, and the chassis of the hinge mechanism. This paper attempts to adjust the position of easy‐pull adhesive pasted on the side floating plate, the length of easy‐pull adhesive pasted on the chassis, and the raising height of the middle floating plate, aiming to reinforce the bending performance of the flexible module. Without changing the module stack and trajectory of the fixture plate, these modification strategies are effective and economical. The results displayed that by reasonable alteration, the cohesive peeling risk of OCA can be improved by 59.4% on average, and the EL peeling risk can be reduced by 31.6%. This research provides a potentially effective method to improve the bending performance of foldable module.
P‐19.3: Development of High Performance 12.3 inch Vehicle Display based on Metal Oxide TFT With Mini‐LED Backlight
Authors: Yue Huaqi , Chen Yuhuai , Zhang Shanlin , Wu MeiYeh , Chen Ting-An , Huang Hai , Lv Chenfeng , Wang Qiang , Chu Shu-Wei , Tseng Chih-Yuan
Published: June 2024

We fabricated a 12.3 inch panel which was developed for vehicle display. The panel was based on BCE metal oxide structure, through the adjustments of process parameter the TFT device had better stability. We measured both PBTS and NBTS tests under dark environment at Vg = ±30 V and 85 ˚С for 1 hour, the Vth shift in PBTS test is 0.78 V and the Vth shift in NBTS test is 0.08 V. We also delivered a triple‐gate scan driver circuit and by this way we reduced the amount of IC. Mini‐LED backlight combined with Qdyes, the brightness can up to 1000 nits, achieving million level ultra‐high contrast, 100% NTSC and enhancing the sense of image hierarchy.
P‐19.4: Research on the Slow Decrease & Increase of the Vehicle System Power And the Automotive Localdimming
Authors: Wang Chunhua , Yu Jie , Han Rui , Ma Qing , Yoon D.K. , Cai Site
Published: June 2024

Localdimming technology can achieve millionlevel contrast ratio, the market share of in‐vehicle applications has increased significantly. Unlike the conventional products, there are slow charging and discharging conditions in the car battery, which affects the working sequence of Localdimming. In this paper, the first monitoring program for Localdimming products is proposed to cope with the battery slow decrease and increase conditions.
P‐19.5: Research on Vehicle Application of Panel Integrated Temperature Sensor
Authors: Li Pengtao , Liu Peng , Qiu Zhangjie , Hu Pengfei , Wang Chunhua , Yu Jie , Cui Dong , Wang Jiguo , Han Rui , Wang Shijun , Ma Qing , Yoon DK , Cai Site
Published: June 2024

By analyzing the data of different panel integrated temperature sensor solutions, figure out which solution is more suitable for vehicle application at this stage. Meanwhile, based on the parameters of sensor, give the appropriate design to apply.
P‐19.6: Research on Path Planning Algorithms in Autonomous Driving
Authors: Sang Songzhen , Li Wanlin
Published: June 2024

Path planning is a critical aspect of autonomous driving, necessitating the calculation of the most efficient route considering real‐time traffic conditions, road status, and obstacles. The primary goal of path planning algorithms is to identify the optimal route from a starting point to a destination within a given environment. In autonomous driving, these algorithms are broadly categorizedinto global planning and local planning. Noteworthy global path planning algorithms include Dijkstra's algorithm, A*, and others. Local path planning algorithms encompass local perception and obstacle avoidance, utilizing real‐time information from devices like laser radar and cameras. This approach, suitable for complex and dynamic environments, involves collision avoidance and path adjustments. Analysis reveals that both commonly used global planning algorithms and local path planning algorithms possess distinct advantages and drawbacks. Whether in simulation debugging or practical operations, the collaborative functioning of both types of algorithms is imperative for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of autonomous vehicles in complex and dynamic environments.
Stirring‐Controlled Synthesis of Ultrastable, Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters
Authors: Cybulski Olgierd , Quintana Cristóbal , Siek Marta , Grzybowski Bartosz A.
Published: June 2024

This paper describes how macroscopic stirring of a reaction mixture can be used to produce nanostructures exhibiting properties not readily achievable via other protocols. In particular, it is shown that by simply adjusting the stirring rate, a standard glutathione‐based method—to date, used to produce only marginally stable fluorescent silver nanoclusters, Ag NCs—can be boosted to yield nanoclusters retaining fluorescence for unprecedented periods of over 2 years. This enhancement derives not simply from increased homogenization of the reaction mixture but mainly from an appropriately timed delivery of oxygen from above the reaction mixture. In effect, oxygen serves as a reagent that dictates size, structure, stability, and functional properties of the growing nanoobjects.
Legal protection for visual artists
Authors: Kerrick B.D.
Published: June 2024

It is essential that sculptors, architects, and other three‐dimensional artists gain some familiarity with the extent and limits of intellectual property (IP) law and how it protects visual artists and their works. The main areas of IP legal protection for artists are traditional copyright law, the Visual Artists Rights Act, and the Architectural Works Copyright Protection Act. This article attempts to distill the large and complex discipline of intellectual property rights for visual artists. Legislative bodies, courts, nongovernmental organizations, international and intergovernmental institutions, and IP experts continue to struggle with the question of how to balance the public‐good benefits of legal protection for artists with the demands of commerce. From copyrights to courts to alternative resolutions and other interventions, IP is a discipline broad and intricate, but visual artists have many options, including legal, organizational, and educational opportunities, to strengthen their position.
Image encryption algorithm based on a memcapacitor‐based hyperchaotic system and DNA coding
Authors: Belete Biniyam Ayele , Gelmecha Demissie Jobir , Singh Ram Sewak
Published: June 2024

In today's digitally connected world, the protection of privacy and data security in open communication media (OCM) is paramount. As digital devices become more widespread and increase in global connectivity, the significance of image encryption has reached unprecedented levels. Traditional encryption techniques often fall short when applied to images due to their unique properties such as high correlation and large data quantities. To address these challenges, this paper presents a novel image encryption method that integrates principles from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) rules, the logistic map, and a hyperchaotic model with memcapacitors. The intricate and unpredictable nature of the memcapacitor‐based hyperchaotic system, coupled with deficiencies in current image encryption algorithms, serves as a catalyst for the development of this new algorithm. The proposed encryption strategy leverages the encoding properties of DNA and the complex dynamics of hyperchaotic systems to achieve enhanced image encryption. Through simulations and evaluations using reference images, the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated. It surpasses current techniques in terms of statistical robustness, resistance to brute‐force attacks, and protection against differential attacks. The research concludes that combining DNA principles, logistic maps, and memcapacitor‐based hyperchaotic systems significantly improves image encryption. This approach enhances data security for image transmission in open communication channels, addressing the limitations of traditional encryption techniques. As digital connectivity expands globally, the demand for robust image encryption is expected to increase, making this research pivotal in establishing standards for future advancements in image encryption algorithms.
Investigation of Upward Leader Development Characteristics by Two Kinds of Charge Density Models in Wind Turbines
Authors: Fan Wenchao , Cai Li , Li Muzi , Zhou Mi , Cao Jinxin , Wang Jianguo , Fan Yadong
Published: June 2024

The upward discharge is a significant factor threatening the operation of wind farms. This paper investigates the inception and development of upward leaders of wind turbines' tip, where blade rotation prevents charge accumulation, using charge density models from laboratory discharges and artificially triggered lightning. The results indicate that larger return stroke currents create higher spatial potentials, and slower downward leader speeds allow for longer development time, favoring the development of upward leaders. As wind turbine sizes increase, the rotation of the blade tips resembles artificially triggered lightning, and the long air gap discharge model may underestimate the development of upward leaders. Calculations from the artificially triggered lightning model reveal improved upward leader formation when further laterally away from the downward leader within a certain distance, elucidating why multiple upward leaders are frequently observed around turbines. The striking distance and attractive radius are largely determined by the development of upward leaders. The absence of corona charge shielding at blade tips means upward leader inception is independent of downward leader velocity, emphasizing downward leaders' significant influence on turbines. Thus, the formula for estimating a wind turbine's lightning incidence requires integrating the return stroke current and velocity of the downward leader.
Einleitung
Authors: Kiefer Anna
Published: June 2024

Die Förderung der Lebensqualität und Stärkung des subjektiven Wohlbefindens pflegender Angehöriger von Menschen mit Demenz ist als gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgabe zu betrachten (BMFSFJ, 2016; Kruse et al., 2022). Mit Blick auf den demographischen Wandel und dem nach wie vor bestehenden Pflegenotstand in Deutschland erscheint die (langfristige) Bereitschaft zur Übernahme einer Pflege und Begleitung eines nahestehenden Angehörigen mit Demenz von besonders hoher Relevanz.
Die Erhebungsinstrumente
Authors: Kiefer Anna
Published: June 2024

Im nachfolgenden Kapitel werden die in der vorliegenden Arbeit entwickelten und genutzten Erhebungsinstrumente detailliert dargestellt und beschrieben. Dabei werden das Tagebuch sowie das Interview in seiner Konzeption, Pilotierung und Anwendung betrachtet. Die Fokusgruppe mit professionellen Akteuren dient dabei lediglich der Entwicklung möglicher Transfergedanken, die im Ausblick dieser Arbeit aufgegriffen werden.
Feldzugang und Interviewsituation
Authors: Kiefer Anna
Published: June 2024

In diesem Kapitel wird vor dem Hintergrund der forschungsethischen Grundlage (Abschnitt 9.1), welche insbesondere in der Forschung mit einer vulnerablen Personengruppe essentiell ist, der Zugang zu den teilnehmenden pflegenden Angehörigen beschrieben. Dabei wird in Abschnitt 9.2 die angewandte Rekrutierungsstrategie aufgezeigt und im Detail dargestellt. Darüber hinaus erfolgt eine kurze Beschreibung der an der Studie teilnehmenden pflegenden Angehörigen (Abschnitt 9.3) sowie einer Betrachtung des Interviewsettings (Abschnitt 9.4).
Key characteristics of effective yoga interventions for managing osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Biswas Isha , Nalbant Gamze , Lewis Sarah , Chattopadhyay Kaushik
Published: June 2024

This systematic review aimed to synthesise the content, structure, and delivery characteristics of effective yoga interventions for managing osteoarthritis symptoms, including joint pain and joint function. JBI guidelines were followed. 17 databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing yoga’s effectiveness on osteoarthritis symptoms. Meta-analyses and a narrative synthesis were conducted to address the objective. The systematic review and meta-analysis included 18 and 16 articles (representing 16 and 14 RCTs), respectively. Overall, the included studies had low methodological quality scores. 10 of 14 yoga interventions effectively reduced pain (standardised mean difference (SMD) − 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) − 1.08, − 0.32) and/or improved function (− 0.40; − 0.75, − 0.04). Notably, 8 effective interventions had centre-based (supervised, group) sessions, and 6 included additional home-based (unsupervised, individual) sessions. Effective interventions included 34 yogic poses (12 sitting, 10 standing, 8 supine, 4 prone), 8 breathing practices, and 3 meditation and relaxation practices. 8 interventions included yogic poses, and 7 also incorporated breathing practices and/or meditation and relaxation practices. 4 interventions included yogic pose modifications for osteoarthritis. The median duration of centre-based sessions was 8 weeks and each session was around 53 min, mostly delivered once a week. The median duration of home-based sessions was 10 weeks and each session was 30 min, usually instructed to practice 4 times a week. Given previous studies’ limitations, a high-quality long-term RCT should be conducted using synthesised findings of previous effective yoga interventions.
Synthetic hematocrit from virtual non-contrast images for myocardial extracellular volume evaluation with photon-counting detector CT
Authors: Mergen Victor , Ehrbar Nicolas , Moser Lukas J. , Harmes Johannes C. , Manka Robert , Alkadhi Hatem , Eberhard Matthias
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To assess the accuracy of a synthetic hematocrit derived from virtual non-contrast (VNC) and virtual non-iodine images (VNI) for myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) computation with photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT).

Materials and methods

Consecutive patients undergoing PCD-CT including a coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and a late enhancement (LE) scan and having a blood hematocrit were retrospectively included. In the first 75 patients (derivation cohort), CCTA and LE scans were reconstructed as VNI at 60, 70, and 80 keV and as VNC with quantum iterative reconstruction (QIR) strengths 2, 3, and 4. Blood pool attenuation (BPmean) was correlated to blood hematocrit. In the next 50 patients (validation cohort), synthetic hematocrit was calculated using BPmean. Myocardial ECV was computed using the synthetic hematocrit and compared with the ECV using the blood hematocrit as a reference.

Results

In the derivation cohort (49 men, mean age 79 ± 8 years), a correlation between BPmean and blood hematocrit ranged from poor for VNI of CCTA at 80 keV, QIR2 (R2 = 0.12) to moderate for VNI of LE at 60 keV, QIR4; 70 keV, QIR3 and 4; and VNC of LE, QIR3 and 4 (all, R2 = 0.58). In the validation cohort (29 men, age 75 ± 14 years), synthetic hematocrit was calculated from VNC of the LE scan, QIR3. Median ECV was 26.9% (interquartile range (IQR), 25.5%, 28.8%) using the blood hematocrit and 26.8% (IQR, 25.4%, 29.7%) using synthetic hematocrit (VNC, QIR3; mean difference, −0.2%; limits of agreement, −2.4%, 2.0%; p = 0.33).

Conclusion

Synthetic hematocrit calculated from VNC images enables an accurate computation of myocardial ECV with PCD-CT.

Clinical relevance statement

Virtual non-contrast images from cardiac late enhancement scans with photon-counting detector CT allow the calculation of a synthetic hematocrit, which enables accurate computation of myocardial extracellular volume.

Key Points

Blood hematocrit is mandatory for conventional myocardial extracellular volume computation.

Synthetic hematocrit can be calculated from virtual non-iodine and non-contrast photon-counting detector CT images.

Synthetic hematocrit from virtual non-contrast images enables computation of the myocardial extracellular volume.
In vitro and in vivo studies on exogenous polyamines and α-difluoromethylornithine to enhance bone formation and suppress osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Lee Chien-Ching , Chuang Chia-Chun , Chen Chung-Hwan , Huang Yuan-Pin , Chang Chiao-Yi , Tung Pei-Yi , Lee Mon-Juan
Published: June 2024

Exogenous polyamines, including putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM), and the irreversible inhibitor of the rate-limiting enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) of polyamine biosynthesis, α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), are implicated as stimulants for bone formation. We demonstrate in this study the osteogenic potential of exogenous polyamines and DFMO in human osteoblasts (hOBs), murine monocyte cell line RAW 264.7, and an ovariectomized rat model. The effect of polyamines and DFMO on hOBs and RAW 264.7 cells was studied by analyzing gene expression, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, and matrix mineralization. Ovariectomized rats were treated with polyamines and DFMO and analyzed by micro computed tomography (micro CT). The mRNA level of the early onset genes of osteogenic differentiation, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and ALP, was significantly elevated in hOBs under osteogenic conditions, while both ALP activity and matrix mineralization were enhanced by exogenous polyamines and DFMO. Under osteoclastogenic conditions, the gene expression of both receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) was reduced, and TRAP activity was suppressed by exogenous polyamines and DFMO in RAW 264.7 cells. In an osteoporotic animal model of ovariectomized rats, SPM and DFMO were found to improve bone volume in rat femurs, while trabecular thickness was increased in all treatment groups. Results from this study provide in vitro and in vivo evidence indicating that polyamines and DFMO act as stimulants for bone formation, and their osteogenic effect may be associated with the suppression of osteoclastogenesis.
Prevalence and risk factors of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli causing urinary tract infections in Iceland during 2012–2021
Authors: Halldórsdóttir Anna Margrét , Hrafnkelsson Birgir , Einarsdóttir Kristjana , Kristinsson Karl G.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To investigate the association of potential risk factors for urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by E. coli producing ESBL vs. not producing ESBL in Iceland.

Methods

Observational, case-control study including a cohort of 27,747 patients (22,800 females, 4,947 males; 1207 cases, 26,540 controls) of all ages with UTI caused by E. coli in 2012 to 2021 at the clinical microbiology laboratory covering about 2/3 of the Icelandic population. Clinical patient data was obtained from three national databases. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as a measure of association between ESBL and exposure variables.

Results

The proportion of samples with ESBL-producing E. coli increased during the study period, from 2.6% in 2012 to 7.6% in 2021 (p < 0.001). ESBL-positive strains were detected in 1207 individuals (4.4%), 905 females (4.0%) and 302 males (6.1%). The following risk factors were identified: Male sex, higher age, institution type (hospital, nursing home), hospital-associated UTI, Charlson comorbidity index score ≥ 3, history of cystitis or hospitalization in the past year, and prescriptions for certain antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs: OR 1.51) in the past half year. The antibiotic associated with the highest risk was ciprofloxacin (OR 2.45).

Conclusion

The prevalence of UTIs caused by ESBL-producing E. coli has been increasing in Iceland. The strongest risk factors for ESBL production were previous antibiotic use, especially ciprofloxacin, and previous PPI use, both considered to be overprescribed. It is important to promote the prudent use of these drugs.
Security analysis of the ISO standard $$\textsf{OFB}$$-$$\textsf{DRBG}$$
Authors: Chung Woohyuk , Kim Hwigyeom , Lee Jooyoung , Lee Yeongmin
Published: June 2024

Deterministic random bit generators (DRBGs) are essential tools in modern cryptography for generating secure and unpredictable random numbers. The ISO DRBG standards provide guidelines for designing and implementing DRBGs, including four algorithms: $$\textsf{HASH}\text {-}\textsf{DRBG}$$

HASH
-
DRBG

, $$\textsf{HMAC}\text {-}\textsf{DRBG}$$

HMAC
-
DRBG

, $$\textsf{CTR}\text {-}\textsf{DRBG}$$

CTR
-
DRBG

, and $$\textsf{OFB}\text {-}\textsf{DRBG}$$

OFB
-
DRBG

. While security analyses have been conducted for the former three algorithms, there is a lack of specific security analysis for the $$\textsf{OFB}$$
OFB
-$$\textsf{DRBG}$$
DRBG
algorithm. We prove its security in the robustness security framework that has been used to analyze $$\mathsf {CTR\text {-}DRBG}$$

CTR
-
DRBG

by Hoang and Shen at Crypto 2020. More precisely, we prove that $$\textsf{OFB}$$
OFB
-$$\textsf{DRBG}$$
DRBG
provides $$O(\min \left\{ \frac{\lambda }{3}, \frac{n}{2} \right\} )$$

O
(
min

λ
3

,

n
2

)

-bit security, including ideal cipher queries, where $$\lambda $$
λ
and n denote the lower bound of min-entropy and the size of the underlying block cipher, respectively. The proof strategy is to transform the robustness game of $$\textsf{OFB}$$
OFB
-$$\textsf{DRBG}$$
DRBG
into an indistinguishability game and then apply the H-coefficient technique to upper bound the distinguishing advantage.
Conserving integration of multibody systems with singular and non-constant mass matrix including quaternion-based rigid body dynamics
Authors: Kinon Philipp L. , Betsch Peter
Published: June 2024

Mechanical systems with singular and/or configuration-dependent mass matrix can pose difficulties to Hamiltonian formulations, which are the standard choice for the design of energy-momentum conserving time integrators. In this work, we derive a structure-preserving time integrator for constrained mechanical systems based on a mixed variational approach. Livens’ principle (or sometimes called Hamilton–Pontryagin principle) features independent velocity and momentum quantities and circumvents the need to invert the mass matrix. In particular, we take up the description of rigid body rotations using unit quaternions. Using Livens’ principle, a new and comparatively easy approach to the simulation of these problems is presented. The equations of motion are approximated by using (partitioned) midpoint discrete gradients, thus generating a new energy-momentum conserving integration scheme for mechanical systems with singular and/or configuration-dependent mass matrix. The derived method is second-order accurate and algorithmically preserves a generalized energy function as well as the holonomic constraints and momentum maps corresponding to symmetries of the system. We study the numerical performance of the newly devised scheme in representative examples for multibody and rigid body dynamics.
Novel exact solutions to the perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation
Authors: Youssoufa Mati , Gulsen Selahattin , Hashemi Mir Sajjad , Rezapour Shahram , Inc Mustafa
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces the Nucci reduction method, a novel and efficient approach for deriving exact solutions to the perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation, offering a significant advancement in the field. The suggested technique involves transforming the equation into real and imaginary components prior to application. We successfully obtained four distinct exact and explicit solutions, along with the corresponding first integrals. Explanations and presentations of solutions are given in a logical manner. We derive an analytical expression for the instability gain and examine its key features using linear stability analysis. Finally, we compare the correctness of the analytical and numerical solutions. We demonstrate the robustness and stability of solitary waves through numerical simulations.
Measuring Political Institutions in the Long Run: A Latent Variable Analysis of Political Regimes, 1810–2018
Authors: Garoupa Nuno , Spruk Rok
Published: June 2024

In this article, latent variable analysis is used to construct hybrid measure of political development based on the plausible common variation between objective and subjective indicators of political institutions. For a sample of 167 countries for the period 1810–2018, we chart long-term paths of political development. Our empirical strategy attempts to overcome the existing potential bias in the measures of democracy in the long run by extracting the institutional characteristics of political regimes, voter turnout, expert-based assessments and electoral outcomes into two latent indices of political development that can be compared both across space and time. The evidence reveals the remarkable persistence of multiple peaks in the world distribution of political development and uncovers contrasting long-term trajectories across countries traditionally featured in the political economy literature. Our findings add to the current debate about measurement of democratic backsliding.
Plasma oxytocin levels in response to glucagon in patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) and healthy controls
Authors: Atila Cihan , Mekkattu Shalini , Murugesu Rakithan , Gaisl Odile , Varghese Nimmy , Eckert Anne , Christ-Crain Mirjam
Published: June 2024

Purpose

We recently demonstrated an additional oxytocin (OT) deficiency in patients with arginine vasopressin (AVP) deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) by using 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) as a novel provocation test. However, the implication of the MDMA provocation test in clinical practice might be challenging. Glucagon effectively stimulates vasopressinergic neurons with a strong increase in plasma copeptin. We therefore hypothesized that this provocation test might also stimulate OT.

Methods

This is a predefined secondary analysis of a prospective double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over trial involving ten patients with AVP deficiency and ten sex- and body-mass index-matched healthy participants at the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. Each participant underwent the glucagon test (s.c. injection of 1 mg glucagon) and placebo test (s.c. injection of 0.9% normal saline). Plasma OT levels were measured at baseline, 60, 120 and 180 min after injection. The primary objective was to determine whether glucagon stimulates OT and whether OT levels differ between patients with AVP deficiency and healthy participants. The primary outcome (maximum change in OT within 180 min) was compared between groups and conditions using a linear mixed effects model.

Results

In healthy participants, the median OT at baseline was 82.7 pg/ml [62.3–94.3] and slightly increased to a maximum of 93.3 pg/ml [87.2–121.1] after injection of glucagon, resulting in a change increase of 24.9 pg/ml [5.1–27.8]. Similarly, in patients with AVP deficiency, the median OT at baseline was 73.9 pg/ml [65.3–81.6] and slightly increased after glucagon injection to 114.9 pg/ml [70.9–140.9], resulting in a change increase of 36.8 pg/ml [–2.2 to 51.2]. The results from the mixed model showed no effect between glucagon compared to placebo on OT (difference: –0.5 pg/ml; 95%-CI [–25, 24]; p = 0.97) and no significant treatment-by-group interaction effect between patients compared to healthy participants (interaction: 28 pg/ml; 95%-CI [–7, 62]; p = 0.13).

Conclusion

We found no effect of glucagon on plasma OT levels and no difference between patients with AVP deficiency and healthy participants.
Decoding the Journey Towards Digital Work Processes. Reflections on the Impact of Agile Working on Knowledge Hiding and Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Cirielli De Mola Italo Giuseppe , Napoli Luigi , Giancotti Fernando , Caputo Francesco
Published: June 2024

Organizations, communities, and socio-economic entities are rapidly changing in response to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing attention is reserved for the opportunities offered by digitalization to identify different approaches for performing “traditional activities” in a new way. In such a scenario, Agile Working is contributing to reframing socio-economic entities, and new challenges are emerging in terms of human resources management. With the aim of enriching the current debate about the impact of Agile Working on socio-economic processes and organizations, this paper adopts the interpretative lens provided by Knowledge Management and Systems Thinking for depicting a conceptual model able to support both researchers and practitioners in understanding how digital work processes can influence knowledge hiding and knowledge sharing inside organized entities.
Epidemiology and risk factors of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with different causes of immunosuppression
Authors: Reichel Fabian , Tesch Falko , Berger Saskia , Seifert Martin , Koschel Dirk , Schmitt Jochen , Kolditz Martin
Published: June 2024

Immunosuppression constitutes a significant risk for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Nevertheless, specific causes of immunosuppression and their relevance for incidence, etiology and prognosis of CAP are insufficiently investigated.

We conducted a population-based cohort study within a statutory health insurance in Germany from 2015 to 2018. CAP was retrieved by ICD-10-GM codes. Episodes of immunosuppression were identified by coded conditions (hematologic neoplasms, stem cell or organ transplantation, neutropenia, HIV, primary immunosuppressive syndromes) or treatments (immunosuppressants, antineoplastic drugs, systemic steroids). Endpoints were defined as occurrence of CAP (primary), hospitalization, 30-day mortality and CAP associated with rare pathogens. Our analysis utilized the Andersen-Gill model adjusted for sex, age, level of long-term care, vaccination status, community type and comorbidities.

942,008 individuals with 54,781 CAPs were included (hospitalization 55%, 30-day mortality 14.5%). 6% of individuals showed at least one episode of immunosuppression during the study period with systemic steroids (39.8%) and hematologic neoplasms (26.7%) being most common. Immunosuppression was recorded in 7.7% of CAPs. Besides classical risk factors such as age and level of long-term care, immunosuppressed patients were most prone to CAP (HR 2.4[2.3–2.5]) and consecutive death (HR 1.9[1.8–2.1]). Organ and stem cell transplantation (HR 3.2[2.6–4.0] and 2.8[2.1–3.7], respectively), HIV (HR 3.2[1.9–5.4]) and systemic steroids (> 20 mg prednisone daily dose equivalent (HR 2.7[2.4–3.1])) showed the highest risk for contracting CAP. CAP by rare pathogens was strongly associated with immunosuppression (HR 17.1[12.0–24.5]), especially HIV (HR 34.1[7.6–153]) and systemic steroids (HR 8.2[4.6–14.8]).

Our study elucidates the relevance of particular immunosuppressive conditions including systemic steroids for occurrence and prognosis of CAP.
Using archived magnetotelluric data for geologic interpretation in the Transdanubian Region
Authors: Szebenyi Renáta , Kiss János , Héja Gábor Herkules
Published: June 2024

We provide a key magnetotelluric section, composed of archived magnetotelluric data along a NW-SE profile in Transdanubia, Hungary. For the interpretation of the key section, observations from raw magnetotelluric data and inversion results were used. In addition, other geophysical-geological information was also considered to confirm the conclusions based on the electrical resistivity sections. All this information was combined to identify the main structural lines and geologic units along the profile. Main structural lines observed on the resistivity sections are the Alpokalja line, Rába line, Balaton line, Kapos line, and Mecsekalja line. Geologic units that can be delineated due to their resistivity contrast include the Lower and Upper Austroalpine Units, the Transdanubian Range Unit, the Mid-Hungarian Megaunit, the Tisza Megaunit and sedimentary rocks filling the sub-basins of the Miocene Pannonian back-arc basin. The inversion results of the transverse magnetic (TM) polarization mode and the phase-depth sections of the raw data were found to be the most suitable for detecting the morphology and identifying the depth of the Pre-Cenozoic basement along the profile.
Spatial variability of geotechnical parameters of lateritic gravels in an Olama–Ngomedzap road section in a humid tropical area (Cameroon)
Authors: Mveng Marie Diane Marquise Ngono , Zame Philémon Zo’o , Bayamack Joel Fabrice Nyemb , Bisso Dieudonné , Atangana Joseph Quentin Yene
Published: June 2024

Searching for borrow pits often used during civil engineering constructions is an important step that requires a lot of time and money. The nature of the parent rock, climate, topography, vegetation and time influence the formation of lateritic gravels with different geotechnical properties within the same region. The present study aims at finding the spatial variability of geotechnical parameters of lateritic gravels from two different deposits using a variogram and statistical analysis. Out of 122 lateritic gravel samples collected, 69 were from underdeveloped lithic ferrallitic soils (LFS) and 53 from under developed non-lithic ferrallitic soils (NLFS). The mean values of the coefficient of variation (CV) shows that the geotechnical parameters of LFS-derived lateritic gravels are more dispersed than those developed on NLFS. The fines content, plasticity index (PI) and Californian bearing ratio (CBR) variograms observed mainly in the North and NNE parts of the study area, suggest that, the lateritic gravels in this area have average to good geotechnical characteristics. The principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that the CBR and the maximum dry density (MDD) are inversely related to the optimum moisture content (OMC). The discriminant factor analysis (DFA) coupled to the ascending hierarchical classification (AHC) shows three families of lateritic gravels: (1) class 1/3, lateritic gravels characterized by MDD, CBR, consistency index (CI), gravels content, and plastic limit (PL); (2) class 2/3, lateritic gravels characterized by fines content, and maximum grain diameter (Dmax) and, (3) class 3/3, lateritic gravels characterized by OMC, liquid limit (LL), PI, PL, and fines content, that fit for road construction.