bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
​Health-promoting Effects of Developed Probiotic Orange Beverage: An in vitro Study
Authors: Mahapatra Deeptimayee , Das Mamoni
Published: December 2021

Background: Probiotic food has evolved as the new trend among the health fanatics because of their proven benefits in preventing many diseases. With change in time the way of consuming probiotics has also changed. Unlike past dairy is not the only option for commercial probiotic production, recently fruit juices have become the popular choice for it. So the current study aimed to assess the feasibility of orange juice (Citrus reticulate) as a potential probiotic carrier for the production of probiotic orange juice with lactic acid bacteria. Methods: Three test samples (TS) were developed with different combination of lactic acid probiotic bacteria viz. test sample 1 (TS1) (L. bulgaricus and L. casei), TS2 (L. bulgaricus, L. casei and L. gasseri) and TS3 (L. bulgaricus, L. casei, L. gasseri and L. fermentum). The orange juice was pasteurized for 2 min at 90°C and was inoculated at a rate of 10% inoculum. All the test samples were fermented for 4 hrs at 37°C and the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics were evaluated along with their in vitro hypocholesterolemic and in vitro hypoglycemic efficacies. Result: The probiotic orange test samples did not show inferior properties than the control in terms of physicochemical and nutritional properties. The bacterial count was decreased with time but remained above standard limit (107cfu/100ml) until 28th day of refrigerated storage. All the test samples showed promising antioxidant activity, in vitro hypocholesterolemic activity and in vitro hypoglycemic activities. Hence orange juice could be used as a suitable probiotic carrier for production of novel probiotic beverages.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus uberis Isolated from Bovine Mastitis: A Review
Authors: Zhang Tingrui , Tao Linli , Boonyayatra Sukolrat , Niu Guoyi
Published: December 2021

Bovine mastitis is one of the common diseases resulting in high economic losses in the dairy industry. Streptococcus uberis, the environmental or contagious pathogen, is one of the most frequently identified bacteria causing clinical and subclinical mastitis. Antimicrobials are commonly used to control bacterial infections in dairy cattle. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria made the treatment of this disease by antimicrobials a challenge. Currently, AMR is a global threat to both human and animal health. This review summarizes the AMR profiles of S. uberis collected worldwide between the years 2000-2020. Most of the studies included in this review were from Europe, Estonia, Canada, Danish, Switzerland and Czech. In general, S. uberis is highly susceptible to β-lactam antimicrobials, whereas resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides antimicrobials occurred in most countries. The isolates against most antimicrobials presented an increasing pattern over time. It highlights that monitoring the AMR of S. uberis is crucial to reduce the public health crisis.
Effects of the Soil Moisture Content on the Superoxide Anion and Proline Contents in Soybean Leaves
Authors: Wu Zihao , Wang Xiyue , Wang Xin , Yan Chao , Ma Chunmei , Liu Lijun , Dong Shoukun
Published: December 2021

Background: As an important source of feed protein, soybean is involved in the processing industry, food industry and other fields. Therefore, in recent years, the demand for soybean has increased and soybean planting areas have also increased. However, frequent droughts have a serious impact on soybean yield. Methods: During the flowering period, the soybean plants were subjected to drought treatments of different degrees (0-7 days without water). The superoxide anion and proline contents in the leaves were determined. Then, fitting curves were drawn between the soil moisture content and the superoxide anion and proline contents. Result: The effects of different soil moisture contents on the superoxide anion and proline contents in soybean leaves and the correlation between these contents were analyzed. According to the fitting curves, with a decrease in the volumetric water content of soil, the superoxide anion and proline contents in soybean leaves increased. The superoxide anion contents in drought-tolerant cultivars were significantly lower than those in drought-sensitive cultivars and the proline contents were significantly higher in drought-tolerant cultivars than those in drought-sensitive cultivars. The superoxide anion content in soybean leaves was positively correlated with the proline content in the soil volumetric water content range of 31.5% to 14.5%.
Establishment of Tissue Culture Regeneration System for Medicago ruthenica L. cv. ‘Zhilixing’
Authors: Xu Bo , Wu Rina , Gao Cuiping , Shi Fengling
Published: December 2021

Background: Medicago ruthenica L. ‘Zhilixing’ is a new variety with superior forage and seed yield compared to the wild type. The cold, drought and salt tolerance of Zhlixing are better than those of alfalfa, suggesting that this variety can serve as a high-quality genetic resource for improving the stress resistance of alfalfa. However, because of the lack of tissue culture regeneration system, it is difficult to perform genetic transformation studies on stress resistance genes. This study aimed to establish an efficient tissue culture regeneration system for Zhilixing variety. Methods: Three types of explants were selected and tested on four types of basal media supplemented with different combinations of auxin and cytokinin for callus induction and differentiation, based on orthogonal tests to select the combinations of auxin and cytokinin suitable for callus induction and differentiation. Two-factor combination method was used to formulate a suitable rooting medium. Result: The hypocotyledonary axis was found to be an excellent explant for callus induction on MS medium. The optimum callus induction medium contained thidiazuron (TDZ, 0.5 mg/L), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 1.0 mg/L) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 0.5 mg/L) where the callus induction rate was 93.33%. The differentiation medium was supplemented with TDZ (0.75 mg/L), 2,4-D (0.25 mg/L) and 6-benzyladenine (6-BA, 1.5 mg/L) where the differentiation rate was 63.33%. Thidiazuron played the key role in both processes of callus induction and differentiation. Half-strength MS containing 0.1 mg/L of NAA was the most efficient rooting medium.
The significance of typography in data visualization
Authors: Turkkan Halime
Published: December 2021

With the development of technology and the dominance of the digital world, typography has become a critical issue. Information design systems are considered as one of the significant areas of graphic design and big data provides essential information on data visualization. This research aims to analyse the effects of typographic elements on visualizing data in terms of visual communication, by discussing the value that typography gives to design space. The research discusses randomly selected 10 infographic design samples published in the last six months on google. From the results, 5 designs with typographic concern were more favourable and visually more striking and preferable than the other 5 designs in terms of design disciplines. As in all areas of graphic design, it is argued that the power of typography is an indisputable concept in data visualization, which is seen as a sub-branch of information design.
Keywords: data visualization; design; typography, significance, technology
PHASE ANALYSIS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF B2O3-ADDED ZIRCON CERAMICS SINTERED AT 1300 °C
Authors: Su'ud Fikriyatul Azizah , Pratapa Suminar , Musyarofah Musyarofah
Published: December 2021

This study was aimed to know the effect of B2O3(boria) addition on the phase composition and physical properties of zircon ceramics.The raw zircon powder used in the study was a purified natural zircon sand from Kereng Pangi, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The zircon ceramics were prepared by a solid state reaction method with variation of B2O3 addition of 3 wt%, 6 wt% and 9 wt% and sintered at 1300 °C for 5h. The phase composition, density and microstructure were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), densimeter and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. Vickers Hardness measurement was perfomed at the polished surface of the ceramics. Results showed that all samples contained pure zircon phase, i.e. there was no effect of B2O3 addition on the phase composition. In general, the density and hardness increased with increasing B2O3 addition, but addition up to 9 wt% is not optimum to achieve ultra-dense zircon ceramics. Furthermore, the SEM image also showed no significant difference in average grain size. The crystallite size has grown nearly eight times (325 nm) of its original powder. The Vickers hardness of the ceramics is not significantly influenced by the addition of boria. It appears that the boria failure to increase densification also results in the extent of contact between grains which then produces relatively large zircon grains.
Engelli Sağlık Kurulu Raporlarının Psikiyatrik Açıdan İncelenmesi ve Yönetmelik Değişikliği İle Ortaya Çıkan Farklılıkların Araştırılması
Authors: KIZILAY ÇANKAYA Pınar , BAKAR KAHRAMAN Burcu
Published: December 2021

Çalışmanın amacı, engelli sağlık kurulu raporu için başvuran ve psikiyatrik değerlendirmesi yapılan hastaların sosyodemografik özellikleri, psikiyatrik tanıları, engel oranları, psikiyatrik açıdan bağımlılık durumları ve 20 Şubat 2019 tarihli yönetmelik değişikliği sonrası ortaya çıkan farklılıkların araştırılmasıdır. 1 Eylül 2018-31 Ağustos 2019 tarihleri arasında değerlendirilen 18 yaş ve üzeri 1315 kişinin verileri geriye dönük olarak incelenmiş, yönetmelik değişikliği öncesi ve sonrası değerlendirilen bu hastaların verileri karşılaştırılmıştır. 56.2’si erkek, %43.8’i kadın olan olguların yaşlarının ortanca değeri 46 olup, %32.8’i psikiyatrik engel oranı almıştır. Olguların %22.4’ü, %40 ve üzerinde engel oranı almıştır. Engel oranı %50 ve üzerinde olanlarda eski ve yeni yönetmeliğe göre ağır engellilik/tam bağımlılık kararları yönünden gruplar arasında anlamlı fark olmadığı saptanmıştır. Hakem hastane değerlendirmesi kapsamında başvuruların %16.1’inde ‘ağır özürlü değil’ ibaresi, %1’inde ise ‘ağır özürlü’ ibaresi ‘kısmi bağımlı’ olarak değişmiştir. Psikiyatrik olgularda işlevsellik düzeyi, hastalığın seyri doğrultusunda ve hasta özelinde çeşitli faktörlerle ilişkili biçimde çok boyutlu olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Yeni yönetmelik ile bazı hastalıklara getirilen ‘tedavi ile işlevselliği kısmen düzelen’ ara oranının ve ‘kısmi bağımlı’ tanımının karar sürecinde arada kalınan olgular için çözüm olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Adli Psikiyatri Servisinde Tedavi Gören Hastalarda Çocukluk Çağı Travması ve Dissosiyatif Belirtiler
Authors: YILDIZ Sevler , KAZĞAN Aslı , KURT Osman , SIRLIER EMİR Burcu
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, suç işlemiş olup adli psikiyatri servisinde takip edilen kişilerdeki dissosiyatif belirti yaygınlığı ve çocukluk çağı travmalarının klinik değişkenler ile ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya Elazığ Şehir Hastanesi Yüksek Güvenlikli Adli Psikiyatri (YGAP) servisinde takip edilen 55 hasta dahil edildi. Tüm katılımcılara yarı yapılandırılmış sosyodemografik veri formu, Çocukluk Çağı Travma Ölçeği (CTQ-28) ve Dissosiyatif Yaşantılar Ölçeği (DES) uygulandı. Bu çalışmada duygudurum bozukluğu tanılı suç işlemiş hastalarda DES toplam puanını 26,7±11,9 saptandı. DES amnezi, depersonalizasyon/derealizasyon alt puanları ile CTQ-28 fizikselistismar, fiziksel ihmal, cinselistismar ve minimalizasyon alt puanları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir korelasyon tespit edildi. Araştırma bulgularına göre suç işleyen duygudurum bozukluğu tanılı hastalarda dissosiyatif yaşantılara sahip olma sıklığı düşük, diğer psikiyatrik hasta gruplarında ise yüksektir. Ayrıca bulgular suç işlemiş psikiyatri hastalarında dissosiyatif belirtiler ve çocukluk çağı ihmal-istismar açısından da rutin olarak araştırılması gerektiğini düşündürmektedir.
The Influence of Jodipan Color Utilization as a Learning Source of Ability to Solve Problems in The Theme of Enviromental Pollution
Authors: Fauzi Latifatul , Prasetyo Ketut , Haidar Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2021

The ability to solve problems is a process in which a person identifies a situation, formulates a hypothesis, verifies a hypothesis made by digging up data, and restarts the hypothesis made to become a generalization (Purwanto, 1999). The focus of this research is to analyze the influence of the use of the Kampung Warna Warni Jodipan as a source of learning for students' ability to solve problems in MTs Attaraqqie Malang on the theme of tackling environmental pollution. This study uses an experimental research design in the form of a Quasi-Experimental Design with the type of pretest posttest control group design. The sample in this study were students of class IX A and IX D with purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques using test questions in the form of problem description. The data analysis technique in this study was to use the independent sample t-test. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence on the use of the Kampung Warna Warni Jodipan as a source of learning for students' problem solving abilities, this is evidenced by the results of the independent sample t-test which shows that there is a significant influence on the use of the Kampung Warna Warni Jodipan. , with tcount> ttable which is 5,450> 2,000. This shows that there are significant differences in the ability to solve problems in the experimental and control classes.
Indicator signs of carbonate microbialites in black shale formations: isotopic composition and biomarkers
Authors:   Gazpromneft STC, Tugarova M. A.
Published: December 2021

Carbonate rocks represented by nodules, lenses, layers of different morphology and length are typical for the black shale formations of different ages. They are of the greatest interest in oil source rocks as indicators of complex and not always unambiguously interpreted geological processes. A special place among these sedimentary bodies is occupied by microbialites, which indicate suppression of development of marine organic biocenoses, and often reflect emanation processes in ancient strata. Proof of these phenomena is fundamentally important for predicting and assessing the oil and gas potential of unconventional reservoirs. On the example of carbonate solids of Triassic and Jurassic black shale formations, we present a complex analytical method to determine the microbial biochemical genesis of rocks on the base of the isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen, together with the hydrocarbon molecular markers of organic matter. The geochemical features of the isolated microbialites suggest that they are resulted from a complex history of black shale formations, which reflects both background lithogenetic transformations and superimposed processes, including high-temperature hydrothermal ones.
Kente Ulaşımı Sağlayan Binaların Kent İmajına Etkisi; Trabzon Örneği
Authors: Yılmaz Yıldırım Demet
Published: December 2021

Kent girişleri fiziksel bir geçiş alanı olmalarının yanında, kentlerin ilk izleniminin ve kimlik oluşumunda öncelikli mekânlardan biridir. Tarihte kent girişleri, savunma, simgeleme gibi farklı kaygılarla yapılan kent kapıları, giriş takları gibi çeşitlenirken, günümüzde havaalanları, terminaller, limanlar gibi ulaşım yapıları karşılama alanları olarak kent girişi görevi üstlenmektedir. Dolayısıyla ulaşım yapıları bir taraftan kent kimliğine görsel katkı sağlarken, diğer taraftan kullanıcılar için farklı anlamlar içermektedirler. Bu yapılar yolcuların sadece fiziksel ihtiyaçlarının sağlandığı yerler değil aynı zamanda kentle ilk iletişimin kurulduğu ve kentle ilk karşılaşma noktaları ya da son izlenim yerleri olarak algısal açıdan etkili ve anı değeri yüksek bellek noktaları olarak tanımlanabilirler. Çalışmada tarihi Trabzon kent girişleri olarak kent kapıları ve günümüz kent girişleri olarak Trabzon terminali, havaalanı ve limanı ele alınmıştır. Bu yapıların biçimsel özellikleri, siluetteki görsel etkisi ve bu yapılara girişten çıkışa kadar yapılan hareket boyunca edinilen görünümlerin imaj değerlerinin objektif ve sübjektif değerlendirmeler sonucu ortaya konarak tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, Trabzon kent kimliğinde etkili ve öncelikli müdahale alanlarından biri olan ulaşım yapıları ve yakın çevrelerine ilişkin veri sağlaması açısından önemlidir.
Results of the study of demographic problems in Russia in the 21st century
Authors: Simagin Yury
Published: December 2021

Demographic problems are among the most acute in modern Russia. This is evidenced by the great attention paid to them by the authorities, the media, and public organizations. Demographic science uses its own methods to find the ways to solve the existing problems. And in Russia the coverage of demographic problems in scientific publications has a special perspective, since on the one hand, specialists are professionally versed in the topic and see nuances incomprehensible "from the outside". On the other hand, many researchers in the field of social sciences are characterized by a critical approach to any actions of the authorities, and the existing achievements may be downplayed, as they do not reach the final goal. In particular, firstly, the mortality rate in Russia has been decreasing for almost all the years of the 21st century, but it is still very high as compared to most European countries. Secondly, the birth rate in the country is low by world standards, but it is higher than in most European countries. As a result, these facts are interpreted in different ways both in a positive and in a negative way. At the same time, all demographic projections indicate that in the coming decades the natural decline of the Russian population will continue. And to solve this problem, it is necessary to search for new approaches, measures of demographic policy that is impossible without combined efforts of all domestic demographers, despite theoretical, practical and other differences. The national project "Demography" and related programs ("Health Care" and others) can solve problems only subject to necessary scientific development of the proposed measures and their adaptation to the real Russian conditions.
Raising the level of the regional healthcare development
Authors: Krivenko Natalya
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of the possibilities of change management in the regional health care system. The research methodology includes the provisions of theories of change management, innovation management, concepts of organizational development, strategic management. The author's approach to managing changes in the Russian healthcare system at the regional level was developed using a systemic, multilevel, integrative, interdisciplinary approach, methods of comparative, factor analysis, instrumental methods of statistics. The study revealed shortcomings of the management systems in the healthcare during the pandemic. Proposed current approaches to change management, author's approach to their assessment in regional health care. The studies carried out show the high potential of the Russian medical science, the sanitary and epidemiological service, the rapid adaptation of the healthcare system in the face of the challenges associated with the pandemic. Along with the success of the Russian healthcare, serious problems have been identified in the management of the industry, including due to insufficient resource provision. A conclusion is made about the possibilities of increasing the level of development of the regional healthcare as a result changes in the industry through integration of medical science and practical healthcare, active implementation of innovations, digitalization, public-private partnership tools that contribute to preservation of the human potential and strengthening the socio-demographic, economic security of the region.
Socio-cultural barriers to the adaptation of foreign students to Russian higher education
Authors: Voevodina Ekaterina , Tyurikov Alexander
Published: December 2021

Interest in the problem of socio-cultural adaptation of foreign students is growing due to intensification of the processes of internationalization of education, global competition of universities, and increase in the export of educational services. The purpose of the study is to analyze the types and causes of the emergence of socio-cultural barriers to adaptation of foreign students in the context of higher education in Russia; to work out recommendations for their reduction. The theoretico-methodological basis of the research is the ABC model of culture shock, phenomenological approach to the analysis of intercultural communications (ICC) in the global world. The socio-cultural barriers to the adaptation are considered through the prism of the lack of ICC resources increasing the manifestations of culture shock, and first of all—social perception. Based on the synthesis of studies by Russian and foreign authors, the article examines the causes of the formation of deficiencies in the linguistic, paralinguistic, cognitive and behavioral competencies necessary for successful socio-cultural adaptation of foreign students. The primary materials are the results of the monitoring ^Assessment of the quality of education at the Financial University» conducted by the focus group method at the Financial University in the 2020-2021 academic year. To improve the socio-cultural adaptation of foreign students to education, the authors propose telecollaboration. The conclusions and recommendations given in the article can be used in the field of education for children and adults, including additional and inclusive education (students with disabilities, migrant students, etc.).
Migration trends in the Arctic zone of Russia in 2012-2019
Authors: Kovaleva Olesya
Published: December 2021

The study focuses on long-term migration in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The Arctic migration trends are very different from those observed in the rest of the Russian Federation. All attractive Arctic territories are washout ones, which means that people do not stay there forever. Migration trends in the Arctic are understudied, almost all demographic studies with a few exceptions have been carried out by regions of the Russian Federation. The analysis was based on the data from the Rosstat Database of indicators by municipal formations. We used indicators of population number, number of arrivals and departures by flows (migration in total, inter-regional, intra-regional, international) and by 69 municipalities that make up the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to show heterogeneity of the Arctic municipal formations and to develop a typology of the territories. The paper singles out the correlation between migration preferences of young people aged 15-19 years and the access to a university in the municipality. In general, the Arctic is unattractive for young people, and even the access to a university does not correlate with migration growth in all cities, except for Arkhangelsk. We have discovered which territories are the most attractive for different age groups of migrants. This information is important for territorial development strategies. Based on the research results, we can identify several important trends: concentration of population in big multi-profile cities, depopulation of inter-city territories, symmetry of economic and migration attractiveness of the region, relative stability of already developed territories with rather favorable natural and climatic conditions.
Demographic future of Russia in the UN forecasts: "scientific foresight" and reality
Authors: Rybakovsky Leonid , Savinkov Vladimir , Kozhevnikova Natalia
Published: December 2021

The article provides a brief history of the emergence of demographic forecasts, shows their use by the United Nations, the range of countries for which forecasts were made and are being drawn up, considers demographic forecasts that were carried out during the Soviet era and provides a detailed analysis of demographic forecasts for Russia. In contrast to the forecasts of the population of the Soviet Union as a whole, for Russia they initially began to focus on the downward dynamics. It is concluded that over two decades (1996-2015) in countries with a predominance of the Slavic ethnos (excluding the former republics of Yugoslavia), the population as a whole has decreased to 95.5%, while in countries with a predominance of the Anglo-Saxon ethnos — it increased to 123.8%. The forecasts given in the article are compared with the actual size of the population that has already taken place. Everywhere in countries with a predominance of the Slavic ethnos, the actual population is higher than the predicted, and in countries with a predominance of the Anglo-Saxon ethnos, on the contrary. Comparing the forecasts with the actual population dynamics, the conclusion is substantiated about a noticeable change in the ratio between the two groups of countries united by ethnicity, a decrease in the demographic potential of the Slavic group and its increase in the group with a predominance of the Anglo-Saxon ethnos. In the final part of the work, it is said that the presented rates of change in the population size in 35 years and then in another 50 years, arising from the UN demographic forecasts for 2050 and 2100, as well as the demographic dynamics in the 90s of the twentieth century and in the first 15 years of the new century, indicate that if Russia, like other Slavic countries do not make radical efforts and, accordingly, do not consistently take effective measures to change the demographic trends, then the same thing can happen to Russia as has happened in different centuries to many countries such as Assyria, the Hunnic Empire, etc. The current geopolitical situation in which Russia is, its status as a great power, the country's largest territory in the world, favorable geographical position and colossal natural resources, dictate the need to increase its economic, defense and, naturally, demographic potential.
Rerception of assisted reproductive technologies by Russian student youth
Authors: Isupova Olga , Rusanova Nina
Published: December 2021

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are an innovative area of medicine having the potential to positively influence population fertility. However, this potential is limited, among other factors, by values and ethical barriers to their use in prospective patients. Decisions on whether to use them or not, in the case of reproductive health disorders, may be associated not only with the high cost of such intervention and/or complicated geographical accessibility, but also with ideas about their insufficient "naturalness" or moral burden associated with certain methods, such as surrogacy. In the conditions of low fertility and increase of the average age of mother at birth of her first child in Russia, the question of the reproductive values of young people in this area is becoming more and more urgent.
The article is based on a questionnaire study of students of both sexes in Moscow and Novosibirsk on the issues related to ideas about the ethics of certain ART methods and the willingness to use them in case of reproductive health disorders. As a result of the study, it was found that students, on average, have rater a positive attitude to the use of all fairly widespread and well-known methods, although with regard to surrogacy, as the method, the ethics of which is most widely covered in media discussions, there is polarization of views. However, still, there are more of those who have positive attitude to this method than those who adhere to a negative point of view. Thus, the main barriers to the use of reproductive technologies by young Russians continue to be economic and geographic circumstances, the impact of which is currently diminished due to the government's policy of providing free access to IVF programs to all who need them for medical reasons.
Gender differences in life expectancy of the population of Tatarstan
Authors: Ibragimova Alisa
Published: December 2021

During the spread of coronavirus infection around the world, much attention is being paid to study of excessive mortality of the population, which has impact on life expectancy. Achieving the goals set by the Government of the Russian Federation to achieve life expectancy of 78 years by 2030 depends on many factors, including reduction of gender differences in life expectancy and excess mortality of the male population from various classes of causes. But in 2020 there was a turning point which led to a decrease in life expectancy to the level of 2014. This fact requires a more detailed study of the negative consequences of gender differences in this demographic indicator. The data of Rosstat and the sociological study "Demographic well-being of Tatarstan" conducted by the Family and Demography Center of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences served as an information resource. The purpose of the article is to identify the main social consequences of gender differences in life expectancy. The main socio-cultural and behavioral factors of male mortality are highlighted. Among the behavioral factors that are closest to explaining the high mortality of Russian men is alcohol consumption, which is considered as an optional phenomenon of suicide. The direct expression (consequence) of a certain behavior is the most characteristic tendency of men to neglect their own health. In order to change the situation, only the state policy on development of measures aimed at creating conditions for raising the life expectancy is not sufficient, it is also necessary to change the consciousness of men to form motivation for the need to preserve and strengthen health.
Posiedzenie przygotowawcze jako konsensualna forma zakończenia postępowania cywilnego
Authors: Budniak-Rogala Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

Posiedzenie przygotowawcze stanowi centralną instytucję w ramach organizacji postępowania (art. 2051 n. k.p.c.). Regulacje w przedmiotowym zakresie zostały wprowadzone do kodeksu postępowania cywilnego na mocy ustawy z dnia 4 lipca 2019 roku, która weszła w życie (w omawianym zakresie) 7 listopada 2019 roku. Rozwiązania przyjęte przez ustawodawcę mają na celu przede wszystkim przyspieszenie postępowania i przeciwdziałanie jego przewlekłości. Realizacji wymienionych celów ma służyć między innymi swoista konstrukcja posiedzenia przygotowawczego. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że przedmiotowe posiedzenie stanowi konsensualną formę zakończenia postępowania cywilnego. (I) Po pierwsze, rozwiązania przyjęte przez ustawodawcę statuują koncyliacyjny charakter posiedzenia przygotowawczego. Wskazuje na to (1) zasadniczy cel przedmiotowego posiedzenia, (2) znajdujący odzwierciedlenie w jego projektowanym przebiegu, jak również (3) szczególna rola sędziego prowadzącego przedmiotowe posiedzenie. (II) Po drugie, w konsekwencji pojawiają się również mechanizmy dodatkowe służące realizacji celu omawianego posiedzenia związane (1) z obowiązkowym udziałem w przedmiotowym posiedzeniu oraz (2) odformalizowaniem jego przebiegu. (III) Po trzecie wreszcie, w toku posiedzenia przygotowawczego przewodniczący może skierować strony do mediacji. Na tle wykładni regulacji dotyczących analizowanego posiedzenia pojawia się zasadnicze pytanie, czy rozwiązania wprowadzone przez ustawodawcę stanowią adekwatną odpowiedź na bieżące potrzeby praktyki i czy będą one faktycznie stosowane przy uwzględnieniu aktualnych realiów sądowych. Przepisy dotyczące posiedzenia przygotowawczego (art. 2054–2058 k.p.c.) wykazują wiele pozytywnych aspektów związanych z realizacją wymogów w zakresie przyspieszenia postępowania i dążenia do przeciwdziałania jego przewlekłości. Analizowane regulacje posiadają jednak istotne mankamenty, mogące wykazywać relewantne oddziaływanie w praktyce ich stosowania. Ostatecznie warto mieć na uwadze, że zgodnie z założeniami przyjętymi przez ustawodawcę, zastosow nie omawianej instytucji winno mieć zasadniczo charakter obligatoryjny (vide art. 2054 § 1 k.p.c.). W uzasadnionych wypadkach istnieje jednak możliwość odstąpienia od wyznaczenia posiedzenia przygotowawczego (por. art. 2054 § 3 k.p.c.). Przedmiotowa konstrukcja rodzi w konsekwencji istotną wątpliwość, czy (mając na względzie rodzime realia sądowe) instytucja posiedzenia przygotowawczego nie stanie się w konsekwencji instytucją martwą.
Zarzut nadużycia prawa podmiotowego a pozbawienie prawa do zachowku. Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 28 marca 2018 roku, V CSK 428/17
Authors: Zielonka Piotr
Published: December 2021

Glosowany wyrok dotyczy niezwykle istotnej kwestii dopuszczalności stosowania art. 5 k.c. do roszczeń o zachowek zarówno w zakresie miarkowania jego wysokości, jak również pozbawienia uprawnionego w całości zachowku. Pomimo że samo rozstrzygnięcie Sądu Najwyższego na tle stanu faktycznego sprawy zasługuje na aprobatę, uwagi krytyczne wzbudza teza wyroku, zgodnie z którą nie jest dopuszczalne oddalenie powództwa o zachowek na podstawie art. 5 k.c.
Challenging the theoretical framework of the totalitarian syndrome
Authors: Bäcker Roman , Rak Joanna
Published: December 2021

The article is of methodological nature and aims to evaluate the content validity of Carl Joachim Friedrich and Zbigniew K. Brzezinski’s totalitarian syndrome, that is, the extent to which this theoretical framework accurately represents the social phenomena to which it refers. It introduces the critical analysis of the individual concepts extracted from the totalitarian syndrome as the indicators of totalitarianism and the model as a whole as a research tool for measuring political regimes. The paper begins with the discussion on an alternative concept of totalitarianism formulated by Nicholas Timasheff to illustrate the context in which the authors of the theoretical categories of totalitarianism created them. Then, the article goes on to analyze the nature and major characteristics of Friedrich and Brzezinski’s totalitarian syndrome as well as these reviews of Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy, which addressed the validity of the model. Social scientists have widely criticized Friedrich and Brzezinski’s totalitarian syndrome. The most serious objection concerns the non-specific essential features collected and combined to define totalitarianism. The taxonomic nature of the model has allowed researchers, who blindly adopted the framework, to classify discretionarily political regimes of numerous states as totalitarian. Friedrich and Brzezinski failed to advance any clear criteria for coding. They did not establish a line between meeting and not meeting the listed essential features. Furthermore, it is unknown what character the features enumerated under this syndrome have. This generates a question if the six “indicators” are essential, distinctive, significant, co-decisive, contours, features, factors, frames, pillars, or mechanisms. Although Friedrich and Brzezinski’s totalitarian syndrome fulfilled a prominent educational role mostly for US citizens by showing that there could be social worlds completely different from those in which one lives, the proposed understanding of totalitarianism is insignificant in defining such regimes. This theoretical framework inaccurately represents the social phenomena to which it refers. The paper finishes with the argument against applying the syndrome to scrutinize political regimes because of its considerably limited content validity.
Istota totalitaryzmu. Wokół teorii Zbigniewa Brzezińskiego i Carla Friedricha
Authors: Wielomski Adam
Published: December 2021

The aim of this text is a contemporary estimation of the thesis formed in a famous book by Zbigniew Brzeziński and Carl Friedrich, Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy (1956). This is a classic text of Western political science about totalitarianism, simultaneously scientific and political. Scientific, because it presents the idea of three types of political regimes in the 20th century: totalitarian, authoritarian, and liberal-democratic. Political, because the term “totalitarianism” was very useful in the time of the Cold War. This term presents the old (Nazi Germany) and new (Stalinist Russia) totalitarian states as equal political enemies of the USA, equal in their hostility to political and individual freedom, i.e. America’s creed. By using this term, the Americans can create a horrible picture of Russian communism as totalitarian, the same as Hitler’s regime, while presenting old enemies (West Germany, Italy, and Japan) as good friends of both the USA and freedom, because in this moment these states are democratic and liberal. The new term ended the old line of the delimitation between fascist or pro fascist and antifascist states and legitimates the new alliance between the USA and Franco’s Spain. The author analyses the definition of totalitarianism by Brzeziński and Friedrich as well as the political and ideological accusations made against this book by leftist critics.
Niezależność sądu oraz niezawisłość sędziowska w sprawach karnych w okresie rządów autorytarnych i totalitarnych w Polsce
Authors: Nowicki Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

At present, there is no doubt that a need exists to ensure the citizens’ right to have a criminal case examined by an independent and unbiased court. For the proper functioning of the court-based administration of justice to be possible, the courts must have the attribute of independence and the judges must be autonomous. These issues are regulated in international treaties to which Poland is a party. The aim of this study is to describe the role of judiciary independence and judicial autonomy in criminal cases. In order to achieve these goals, considerations will be presented on the essence of such independence and autonomy, and a reference will be made to the way the authoritarian state functioned after the May coup in the Second Polish Republic, and the totalitarian state during the era of the Polish People’s Republic.
Autobiografia jako narzędzie badań historyka idei. Casus „Wspomnień niezależnego” Richarda Pipesa
Authors: Citkowska-Kimla Anna
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to develop a research tool for a historian of ideas in the form of an autobiography. It is about framing when a personal document meets the criteria of being a tool for a historian of political thought. The conclusions included the thought that the memories must be meta-considerations on the subject of written autobiography or an analysis of the problem of auto-biography within the framework of the created philosophy or history vision. Examples representing this narrative type were left by, among others, Johann Gottfried Herder, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Thomas Carlyle, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Friedrich Nietzsche, Benedetto Croce, Robin G. Collingwood, and in Poland Stanisław Brzozowski. The volume of Richard Pipes’ memoirs, Memoirs of a Non-belonger, which is the foundation for the analysis, has also become part of the trend. The most important thinkers who have studied the issue of autobiography in depth include Wilhelm Dilthey and Georg Misch.

The conclusions of the analysis are as follows: autobiography has a philosophical and epistemological meaning in the field of knowledge about human nature. In this sense, autobiography becomes part of anthropology, while anthropology is the foundation for the history of ideas, including political thought.
Giorgio Pisanò — u źródeł neofaszystowskiego rewizjonizmu
Authors: Sondel-Cedarmas Joanna
Published: December 2021

The present paper analyses the way Benito Mussolini’s racist policy were interpreted by Giorgio Pisano, a neo-fascist journalist and columnist. According to Pisano, the fascist regime should not be considered racist. Moreover, leggi razziali of 1938 were much milder than the Nuremberg race laws. The neo-fascist journalist tried to argue that Italian fascism did not follow the policy of extermination of Jews and, consequently should not be blamed for the Holocaust. Finally, Pisanò’s rhetoric of national betrayal as applied to anti-fascist resistance movement — whose activity led to the outbreak of the 1943 civil war in Italy — should be considered yet another case for Mussolini’s racist policy affirmation.
Hospital speech-language pathology approach in oropharyngeal dysphagia and its motor and etiological associations
Authors: Magalhães Júnior Hipólito Virgilio , Figueredo Simone Aparecida Torres , Ferreira Lidiane Maria de Brito Macedo
Published: December 2021

Objective: To identify the profile of speech-language pathology in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia at a University Hospital and the associations between health conditions and the etiology of swallowing disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study, with analysis of medical records of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia treated at a University Hospital, of both sexes, attended from February to December 2018. A descriptive and association analysis of the evaluated variables was carried out, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: It was identified in the sample, consisting of 26 (51%) females and 25 (49%) males, with a mean of 57.1 years (± 18.6), presence of progressive neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia (39.2 %), idiopathic (31.4%) and non-progressive (29.4%), in which the most performed speech-language pathology procedures were assessment (100%), giving support to observational issues during the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (96.1%), management of dysphagia (92.2%) and return and discharge conducts (49% and 25.5%, respectively). The multi-professional participation has conducted better decision-making for an adequate diagnosis and speech therapy approach that had aimed at the management of oropharyngeal dysphagia, as well the intervention approaches with techniques aimed at maneuvers, and neuromuscular conditioning in relation to disorders of the biomechanics of swallowing. There was a significant association between the presence of motor and balance changes with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia and difficulty in swallowing and choking symptoms as a sign of oropharyngeal dysphagia.
PETROLEUM POTENTIAL QUANTITATIVE FORECAST OF DEEPLY-BURIED REGIONAL RESERVOIRS OF THE LOWER JURASSIC DEPOSITS WITHIN THE YENISEI-KHATANGA AND EASTERN GYDAN PETROLEUM REGIONS OF THE SIBERIAN SECTOR IN THE ARCTIC
Authors:   А.А.Тrofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of SB RAS, Shemin G. G. , Glazyrin P. A. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Vakhromeev A. G. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University,   Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS, Bostrikov O. I. ,   Karpinsky Russian Geological Institute, Deev E. V. ,   А.А.Тrofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of SB RAS,   Novosibirsk State University, Smirnov M. Yu. ,   All-Russian research geological oil institute, Sapyanik V. V. ,   Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources, Moskvin V. I. ,   А.А.Тrofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of SB RAS,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of petroleum potential quantitative forecast of the Toarcian, Pliensbachian and Hettangian-Sinemurian regional reservoirs of Lower Jurassic deep-buried deposits within Yenisei-Khatanga and adjacent territories of the Gydan petroleum regions based on models of structure and reconstructed conditions of formation for each of the noted reservoirs and their components – permeable complexes and fluid seals, developed earlier by the authors of this article. Tectonic, lithological-facies and geochemical criteria for assessing the oil-and-gas bearing prospects of reservoirs are described. The methodology and the petroleum potential quantitative assessment results for regional reservoirs with attached maps of petroleum potential of each reservoir are considered. The structure of hydrocarbon resources (HC) is given: the distribution of initial total hydrocarbon resources by phase composition, regional reservoirs and oil and gas-bearing areas.
Follow the Pathfinders: a Case Study Approach to Production, Use, and Readership on Scalar
Authors: Ackermans Hannah
Published: December 2021

This born-digital article examines the multimodal academic publication Pathfinders (Moulthrop and Grigar). Through a combination of interviews with readers and the author, textual analysis of the book, and literature review of Scalar, I trace the affordances of the platform, appropriation by scholars, the media text, and readership of Pathfinders. I distill themes that are key in the multimodality of the book, including platform adoption, institutional embedding, technological context and research values. Throughout the article, which is also written on Scalar, I reflect on my own use of Scalar and the various considerations that come with it in terms of software sustainability, accessibility, and transparency of research context. I conclude with a reflection on the media specificity of Scalar as an academic platform.
The Influence of Customer Attitude towards Customer Purchase Decision by Implementing Green Marketing
Authors: Ramli Yanto , Maysari Deffa Putri
Published: December 2021

Indonesia has been taking serious attention concerning the disposal of plastic waste in the ocean. Terrible data concerning plastic trash in the Ocean, harm and kill lots of animals around the ocean where plastic waste was found in the stomach of the sea animals. The purpose of this study is to analyse and implement green marketing in the fast food restaurants to promote and educate customers about the dangers of using plastic products and reduce them from the fast food restaurants. The research is to analyse the customer awareness and attitude towards their purchase decision in relating to green marketing as the intervening variable. The data collection is done through distribution of questionnaire, where the population is consisted of customers from KFC restaurants in Jakarta, Indonesia. This is a descriptive and verification research; the descriptive methods are based on assessment analysis and the verification methods are based on quantitative analysis. The sample determination is done through Simple Random Sampling and the analysis technique is using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results show that customer awareness and customer attitude have positive and significant effect towards green marketing and consumer behavior has the most significant influence towards green marketing compared to consumer attitude. The results show that the KFC customers' awareness concerning the plastic waste is still low even though they understand the danger of the plastic waste, but gradually based on their behavior it starts to increase after implementing green marketing and to educate them the danger of plastic waste and the limitation of plastic products in the restaurants.