bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS OF POLYEUGENYL OXYACETIC ACID AS A CARRIER TO SEPARATE HEAVY METAL ION Fe (III), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), AND Pb(II) THAT USING SOLVENT EXTRACTION METHOD
Authors: Harimu La , Matsjeh Sabirin , Siswanta Dwi , Santosa Sri Juari
Published: January 2019

Polyeugenyl oxyacetic acid has been synthesized from polyeugenol and chloroacetic acid and applied to separate metal Fe(III), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) using solvent extraction method. pH effect, polyeugenyl oxyacetic acid ion carrier concentration, extraction time, and metal concentration optimized to gain optimum condition. The result of experiment indicated that polyeugenyl oxyacetic acid resulted the yellowed brown synthesis with melting point 125 °C and yield 68.9%. The Characterization of spectroscopy IR attributed by absorption to the area 1735,8 cm -1 as carbonyl extend vibration (C=O) acid and 1H-NMR that was attributed by chemical shift at 4.6 ppm as carboxy proton (CH2-C=0). The metal separation optimum condition gained pH 3-6 for ion Fe(III), pH 5 for ion Cr(III), Ni(II), and Co(II) and pH 6 for ion Cu(II), and Pb(II). Optimum carrier concentraction 5 mL, 10 mL, and 15 mL for ion Fe(III), and ion Cr(III), Ni(II), Co(II), and ion Cu(II), Pb(II) respectively. Extraction time 2.5 h for ion Fe(III), 20 h for ion Cr(III), and 36 h for ion Cu(II), Pb(II), Ni(II), and Co(II). Metal concentration that would extracted correctly (0.75-5 x 10-4 M) for ion Fe(III), (0.75-2.5 x 10-4 M) for ion Cr(III), Ni(II), and Co(II) and (0.75-1 x 10-4 M) for ion Cu(II) and Pb(II). The best polyeugenil oxyacetic acid response to separate ion Fe(III) than other ions with selectivity order Fe(III)> Cr(III)> Cu(II)> Pb(II)> Ni(II)> Co(II).   Keywords: polyeugenil oxyacetic acid, pH, extraction time, metal concentraction, solvent extraction
PHENOLIC COMPOUND FROM THE STEM BARK OF MANGGIS HUTAN (Garcinia bancana Miq.) AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Muharni Muharni , Supriyatna Supriyatna , Bahti Husein H. , Dachriyanus Dachriyanus
Published: January 2019

A phenolic compoud, (-)-epicatechin, was isolated from  the stem bark of Garcinia bancana. The structure of this compound was determined base on spectroscopic  data such as including UV, IR, 1-D, 2-D NMR, and comparison with the reported data. Biological activity of this compound at free radical scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and inhibitory xanthine oxidase(XO) activity showed that (-)- epicathechin active at two methods with IC50 value 8.1 and 8.6 mg/mL respectively.   Keywords: phenolic, (-)-epicatechin, Garcinia  bancana, DPPH, XO
POTENCY OF AMINO ACIDS AS SAVORY FRACTION FROM VEGETABLE BROTH OF MUNG BEANS (Phaseolus radiatus L.) THROUGH BRINE FERMENTATION BY Rhizopus-C1
Authors: Susilowati Agustine , Aspiyanto Aspiyanto , Moerniati Sri , Maryati Yati
Published: January 2019

Amino acids produced through brine fermentation of mung beans (Phaseolus radiatus sp) by inoculum of Rhizopus-C1 at room temperature for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks, respectively had a potential use as savory fraction for seasoning agent. The objective of this experiment was to find out characteristic of produced amino acids and composition of fermentation products relating with proteolitic and amylolitic activities of Rhizopus-C1. The result of experiment showed that the length of fermentation time would increase intensity of savory taste and cloudy color, and increase total protein, soluble protein, and N-amino concentrations, decrease water, while fat concentration was constant. Fermentation of 10 weeks was optimal time to get crude broth with concentrations of total protein of 9.5622%, soluble protein of 8.5 mg/g, N-amino of 5.6 mg/g, fat of 0.2802%, water of 40.7189%, Volatile Reduction Substances (VRS) of 90 µeq/g, and reduction sugar of 672.5 mg/mL. Kinds of dominant non-essential amino acids produced were glutamic acid (1.014%), and aspartic acid (0.507 %), while essential amino acids were lysine (0.474%), and isoleucine (0.644%). The other of amino acids were resulted with concentration of 0.211 - 0.345%, such as leucine, arginine, serine, glycine, histidine, alanine, proline, tyrosine, valine, methionine, cystine, threonine, and phenilalanine. Visually, crude vegetable broth produced through brine fermentation of mung beans by Rhizopus sp-C1 was semi solid, brownish color, rather fatty, salty, and enough strong savory taste.   Keywords: Amino acids, brine fermentation, mung beans broth, Rhizopus-C1, savory fraction
THE INFLUENCE OF STRONG AND WEAK ACID UPON AGGREGATION AND PHEOPHYTINIZATION OF CHLOROPHYLL A AND B
Authors: Kusmita Lia , Limantara Leenawaty
Published: January 2019

Chlorophyll is green pigment that can be found in plant chloroplast. Higher plants usually have two kinds of chlorophylls, chlorophyll a and b. These green pigments are easily degraded by temperature, light intensity, oxygen, acid, and water. Water causes aggregation of chlorophyll, while acid causes pheophytinization of chlorophyll. Aggregation and pheophytinization process of chlorophyll are influenced by solvents. This study was conducted to observe the spectral difference of aggregated chlorophyll in acetone and methanol upon pheophytinization by strong (HCl) and weak acid (CH3COOH), in comparison to the non-aggregated chlorophyll. Observation of spectral pattern was carried out using double beam spectrophotometer CARY 50 at 350-1100 nm. The result shows that pheophytinization of chlorophyll a and b causes hypsochromic shift, particularly at Soret band. There are new peak formations in Qx region, specifically at 506 and 535 nm for pheophytinized-chlorophyll a, and at 371, 435, 526 and 599 nm for pheophytinized-chlorophyll b.   Keywords: aggregation, chlorophyll a and b, pheophytinization
BENZOPHENONE GLUCOSIDE ISOLATED FROM THE ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF THE BARK OF MAHKOTA DEWA [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.] AND ITS INHIBITORY ACTIVITY ON LEUKEMIA L1210 CELL LINE
Authors: Winarno Hendig , Katrin W Ermin
Published: January 2019

Isolation and elucidation of benzophenone glucoside from ethyl acetate extract of Phaleria macrocarpa bark and its inhibitory activity test against leukemia L1210 cell line have been done. The Phaleria macrocarpa bark were macerated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract was then chromatographed on silica gel column and gradiently eluted by n-hexane - ethyl acetate - ethanol with the composition from 20:1:0 until 0:0:1, gave eight fractions. Separation of fraction 6 using semipreparative HPLC on reverse phase column (Capcell Pak C-18 SG120, 15 mm I.D. x 250 mm) using methanol - water (40:60, 5 mL/min) gave a brown powder, with the melting point of 182.3 ºC. Spectroscopic analysis and comparison of its physico-chemical data, this compound was clarified as 2,4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone-6-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (3). Inhibitory activity of its compound against leukemia L1210 cell line showed that this compound exhibited inhibitory activity with IC50 was 5.1mg/mL.     Keywords: Phaleria macrocarpa, 2,4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-6-O-b-D-glucopyranoside, cytotoxic activity, leukemia L1210
HOPEAPHENOL-O-GLYCOSIDE, A COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM STEM BARK Anisoptera marginata (Dipterocarpaceae)
Authors: Atun Sri
Published: January 2019

Isolation and structure elucidation of some compounds from stem bark of Anisoptera marginata had been done. The isolation of those compounds was carried out by chromatographyc method and structure elucidation was performed by interpretation of spectroscopic data, including UV, IR,  1H and 13C NMR 1D and 2D, and FABMS. From acetone extract stem bark A. marginata we isolated five known compounds namely bergenin (1), (-)-ε-vinipherin (2), (-)-ampelopsin A (3), vaticanol B (4), (-)-hopeaphenol (5), and a glycoside compound namely hopeaphenol-O- glycoside (6).   Keywords: Dipterocarpaceae; Anisoptera marginata; hopeaphenol-O-glucoside
SYNTHESIS OF HYDROTALCITE Zn-Al-SO4 AS ANION EXCHANGER AND ITS APPLICATION TO TREAT OF POLLLUTANT CONTAINED HEXACYANOFERRAT(II)
Authors: Roto Roto , Tahir Iqmal , Sholikhah Umi Nur
Published: January 2019

Synthesis of Zn-Al-SO4 hydrotalcite and its application as anion exchanger for hexacyanoferrat (II) have been studied. Synthesis of Zn-Al-SO4 hydrotalcite was carried out by stoichiometric method and hydrothermal treatment. Sulphate in hydrotalcite interlayer was exchanged by hexacyanoferrat (II) that was assumed as pollutant. Kinetics of ion exchange was also investigated. The product of ion exchange was characterized by XRD, IR spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. Zn-Al-SO4 hydrotalcite can be obtained by stoichiometric method at pH 8 and followed by hydrothermal treatment. The chemical formula of the hydrotalcite was Zn0.74Al0.26(OH)1.74(SO4)0.13.0.52H2O. The hexacyanoferrat (II) anion could exchange sulphate in hydrotalcite interlayer as showed by IR spectra and XRD patterns. The anion exchange capacity was 645.35 meq/100 g, and the kinetics of ion exchange reaction was first order with k = 5 x 10-5 s-1. It showed that Zn-Al-Fe(CN)6  could be regenerated easily, so it has been regenerate frequently.   Keywords: hydrotalcite, anion exchanger, hexacyanoferrat
ADSORPTION MODEL OF Mn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ IN THE WATER - SEDIMENT SYSTEMS ALONG CODE RIVER, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Muzakky Muzakky
Published: January 2019

Prediction of adsorption model of Mn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ in water-sediment systems along Code River, Yogyakarta has been experimentally investigated. The aim of this investigation is to predict the transfer models based on isotherm adsorption of Mn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ metal ions from water into sediment. In addition, this investigation is expected to be able to inform the initial condition of Code River, dynamics, and the fate of Mn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions from upstream to downstream. Based on the investigation the transfer of Mn2+, and Cd2+ ions into sediment follows Langmuir adsorption model, with the coefficient determination (R2) of 0,9916 and 0,9799, while the value of the adsorption energy are 20,95 kJ/mol and 16,85 kJ/mol. The transfer of Hg2+ ion tend to follow Freundlich adsorption model. From the adsorption energies, it is proven  that Mn2+ ion was chemically sorpted into the sediment, while Cd2+ ion will tend to be physically sorpted into the sediment. The binding strength of which ise in the order of Mn2+ > Cd2+ and the adsorption energy of Hg2+ ion could not be determined.   Keywords: adsorption model, chemically sorpted, physically sorpted
DETERMINATION OF REACTION KINETICS USING ONLINE X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Authors: Purba Elida
Published: January 2019

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful technique for the study of polymorphism and polymorphic phase transformations. Monitoring of phase transformation directly has been very limited to-date. The XRD system used in this study was used to determine the rate of transformation of pure glutamic acid a form to b form in a solution mediated phase. On every run starting from the pure a form, the transformation process was monitored continuously at fixed temperature, and separate experiments were performed as a function of temperature. The operating temperature was varied from 36 to 57 °C with 10% w/w solid concentration. Data were taken every 200 seconds until the transformation was completed. This paper is concerned with a study of the transformation of the alpha (a) form of L-glutamic acid (L-GA) to the beta (b) form in order to determine the kinetic reaction. The rate constant (k), activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) were obtained. Sensitivity tests were also carried out to examine minimum detection limit when both a and b present in the mixture. In addition, effect of particle size on XRD patterns was also determined. The results show that XRD gives useful information to observe polymorphism for pharmaceutical industry.     Keywords: XRD, polymorphism, glutamic acid, reaction kinetics
QUANTITATIVE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE - ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP OF ANTIMALARIAL COMPOUND OF ARTEMISININ DERIVATIVES USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT REGRESSION APPROACH
Authors: Werfette Paul Robert Martin , Armunanto Ria , Tahir Iqmal
Published: January 2019

Analysis of quantitative structure - activity relationship (QSAR) for a series of antimalarial compound artemisinin derivatives has been done using principal component regression. The descriptors for QSAR study were representation of electronic structure i.e. atomic net charges of the artemisinin skeleton calculated by AM1 semi-empirical method. The antimalarial activity of the compound was expressed in log 1/IC50 which is an experimental data. The main purpose of the principal component analysis approach is to transform a large data set of atomic net charges to simplify into a data set which known as latent variables. The best QSAR equation to analyze of log 1/IC50 can be obtained from the regression method as a linear function of several latent variables i.e. x1, x2, x3, x4 and x5. The best QSAR model is expressed in the following equation,  (;;)   Keywords: QSAR, antimalarial, artemisinin, principal component regression
THE ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOUND COLLISMICIN A DERIVED FROM MARINE Streptomyces sp Q-629K
Authors: Murniasih Tutik , Adachi Kyoko
Published: January 2019

In our course of screening for secondary metabolite derived from marine bacterial, we isolate the antimicrobial compound collysmicin A from the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp Q-629K. Separation of this compound was carried out by silica gel open column chromatography. Purification of an active compound was done using HPLC C18 with acetonitril-water system. Determination of chemical structure was done by 1H, 13C NMR and LC-MS analysis. Collysmicin A was contained in fraction 3, fraction 7.2 and fraction 8.7. The antimicrobial assayed from purified compound Fr.8.7 gave diameter inhibition approximately 13 mm against S. aureus and 12 mm against B. subtilis .   Keywords: antimicrobial, collismycin A and marine Streptomyces sp
DETERMINATION AND VALIDATION OF MEBHYDROLINE NAPADISYLATE IN TABLETS BY HPLC
Authors: Wulandari Lestyo
Published: January 2019

An accurate and sensitive HPLC method has been developed for the determination of mebhydroline napadisylate in the tablet. The Chromatography was performed on a reversed phase C-18 column, using a mobile phase of acetonitrile : ammonia 25% (80 : 20 v/v) at ambient temperature 25±5 °C and UV detection operates at 320 nm in an overall analysis time of about 15 min, based on peak area. This HPLC method is selective, precise, and accurate and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical preparation in industrial quality-control laboratories.   Keywords : HPLC, mebhydroline napadisylate, validation
PRE-CONCENTRATION AND DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS ON MODIFIED ACTIVATED CARBON IN REAL SAMPLES
Authors: Ahmadi F. , Niknam K. , Khanmohammadi A. , Adibmehr Z.
Published: January 2019

A sensitive and simple method for the simultaneous pre-concentration of nutritionally important minerals in real samples has been reported. The method is based on the formation of metal complexes by N, N'-diacetyl-4-bromo-2, 6-di (aminomethyl) phenol (DBDP) loaded on activated carbon. The metals content on the complexes are then eluted using 6mL 4M HNO3, which are detected by AAS at resonance line. In this procedure, minerals such as Ni, Cu, Co, Pb Zn and Cd can be analyzed in one run by caring out the simultaneous separation and quantification of them. At optimum condition the response are linear over concentration range of for 0.03-1.1 µg mL-1 for Ni2+ , 0.03-1.0 µg mL-1 for Cu2+, 0.02-1.0 µg mL-1 for  Pb2+ , 0.02-1.0 µg mL-1 for  Co2+,0.02-1.1 µg mL-1 Zn2+ and 0.05-1.3 µg mL-1for Cd2+. The detection limits of each element are expressed as the amount of analytes in µg mL-1 giving a signal to noise ratio of 3 are equal to 2.5, 2.4, 1.6, 2.4, 1.9 and 2.1 for Ni2+ , Cu2+, Pb2+ , Co2+,Zn2+ and Cd2+. The ability of method for repeatable recovery of trace ion are 99.9, 98.7, 99.2 , 98.7, 98.5and 95.6 with R.S.D of 1.3, 1.4, 1.2, 1.4, 1.7 and 1.4 for Ni2+ , Cu2+, Pb2+ , Co2+,Zn2+ and Cd2+. The method has been successfully applied for these metals content evaluation in some real samples including natural water and vegetable.     Keywords: Heavy Metals, N, N'-diacetyl-4-bromo-2,6-di(aminomethyl) phenol (DBDP), Activated Carbon
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITIN AND CHITOSAN PREPARED UNDER VARIOUS PROCESSING TIMES
Authors: Poeloengasih Crescentiana Dewi , Hernawan Hernawan , Angwar M.
Published: January 2019

Generally production of chitosan from crustacean shells consists of 4 steps, i.e. deproteinization, demineralization, decolorization and deacetylation. Simplification of chitosan production by elimination of deproteinization and/or demineralization, or reducing of reaction time would give many advantages, e.g. reduction of processing time and cost production due to reduction of chemical and power usage. The objectives of this research were to prepare chitosan under various processing times and to characterize the obtained chitin and chitosan. Chitin was prepared under various deproteinization times (0, 15, 30 min at 90 ºC using NaOH 2N) and demineralization times (0, 15, 30 min at ambient temperature using HCl 2N). Chitin was then bleached using aceton/etanol (1:1) for an hour. Deacetylation was achieved by treatment of chitin under condition at 120 ºC for 5 hr using NaOH 50%. Ash and nitrogen content, and degree of deacetylation of chitosan were evaluated. Demineralization and/or deproteinization times influenced the quality of chitin. Chitin and chitosan prepared without demineralization had white and chalky appearance, whereas the other chitosan were off-white in color. Ash and nitrogen contents of the chitosan products were 0.18 - 32.40% and 3.56 - 7.59%, respectively. Chitosan prepared under various processing times, except chitosan without demineralization treatment, had degree of deacetylation ≥ 70%.   Keywords: chitosan, deproteinization, demineralization, deacetylation, processing times
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE ETHYLACETATE EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF Mesua ferrea LINN
Authors: Rahman S. M. Mizanur , Shabnom Swati , Quader M. Abdul , Hossain M. Amzad
Published: January 2019

Furano-napthyl-hydroxy cyclohexyl type of compound was isolated first times in plant from the ethyl extracts of the leaves of Mesua ferrea. The structure of the compound has been established by the modern spectroscopic techniques such as UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopy and identified as 12, 13-furano-8-hydroxy napthyl-6-0-b-2',3',4',6' tetrahydroxy-5',5' dimethyl cyclohexyl ether.   Keywords: Mesua ferrea Linn; Euphorbiaceae; Medicinal plant; new compound; spectral analysis
RbNb6Cl12O2: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Gulo Fakhili
Published: January 2019

A novel niobium oxychloride cluster compound, RbNb6Cl12O2 was obtained by solid state synthesis from stoichiometric mixture of RbCl, Nb2O5, NbCl5 and Nb powder, heated at 675 °C. Its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system (a = 6.8097(4) Å, b = 11.6700(9) Å, c = 12.5090(9) Å, ß = 101.337(4) °, V = 974.68(12) Å3, and Z = 2) with the space group of P21/c. The cluster framework of this compound is based on  units connected via oxide ligands in the a-direction with two Nb-O linkages between adjacent clusters, which resembles intercluster bonding in Chevrel-Sergent phases. In the other two directions, the linkages occur through single Cla-a bridges. The framework generates channels where the cations Rb+ are located. This compound contains valence electron concentration (VEC) of 15 per cluster unit and therefore exhibits the paramagnetic behavior.   Keywords: niobium oxychloride cluster, solid state, VEC, paramagnetic
CHARACTERISTIC OF ACRYLIC ACID GRAFTED POLYETHYLENE FILM PREPARED BY GAMMA IRRADIATION METHOD
Authors: Hendri John , Suka Irwan Ginting , Simanjuntak Wasinton , Annisa Annisa , Gatot Gatot
Published: January 2019

In this study, high density polyethylene (PE) film (thickness 80 μm) was modified by grafting of acrylic acid (AA) onto the film using 15 kGy of g irradiation as initiator, applied at different exposure times. In addition to irradiation dose, other variables investigated are concentration of AA, the type of solvent, and polymerization time carried out at 60 oC. The success of the graft copolymerization processes was confirmed by analysing the grafted film using FTIR spectroscopy, which revealed the existence of absorption band at wave number of 1721 cm-1 (assigned to C=O), and that at 3385 cm-1 (assigned to -OH), and the physical endurance of the sample was evaluated by carrying out tensile strength measurement. The percent of grafting was determined according to the gravimetric method. The results indicated that the highest percent of grafting was obtained by application of 2-hour irradiation time, with monomer concentration of 30 % in water as a solvent, grafting temperature of 60 oC. Activity of grafted was evaluated by measurement of the absorption capacity toward water and Cu2+ ion, and revealed the increase of the absorption capacity with increased percent of grafting.   Keywords: Graft copolymerization, acrylic acid, low density polyethylene, gamma irradiation, water absorbency, absorption of cupric ion
CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE HUSK SILICA GRAFTED 4-VINYL PYRIDINE
Authors: Suka Irwan Ginting , Simanjuntak Wasinton
Published: January 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the grafting of4-Vinyl Pyridine (4-VP) on silica prepared from rice husk, with the main aim to study wether the 4-VP grafted retains its characteristics. For this purpose, the grafted silica was analysed using FTIR spectroscopic method, followed by testing of the sample for solvent adsorption, Cu2+ adsorption from solution, and bacterial inhibitions, since 4-VP has been known to possess such properties. The FTIR analysis revealed that under the experimental conditions applied, the 4-PV was well grafted onto silica surface. The success of grafting was also supported by the results of solvent adsorption, which indicate the increase in adsorption capacity with increased percent of grafting and higher adsorption capacity toward polar solvent. The same supports are also provided by the ability of the sample to adsorp results of Cu2+ adsorption from solution, and the ability of the sample to inhibit the microorganism growth.   Keywords: Graft copolymerization, rice husk silica, 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, 4-vinyl pyridine, microorganism growth inhibition
PHOTO-REDUCTION KINETICS OF MnO2 IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS CONTAINING HUMIC ACIDS
Authors: Narsito Narsito , Santosa Sri Juari , Lastuti Setya
Published: January 2019

The kinetics of photo-reduction of manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2 in aqueous medium, in the presence of humic acid has been investigated, including the possibility for the involvement of such radicals in the reduction. Results showed that in aqueous medium, the efficiency of the photo-reduction of MnO2 producing a soluble ionic Mn(II) was governed strongly by an internal electron transfer within an intermediate of HA-MnO2 anion complex, resulted in the chemical adsorption of humic acid on MnO2 surface. It was observed that under solar radiation and atmosphere containing oxygen, the rate of MnO2 reduction increased considerably, by factors of about 46 and 2 respectively. Moreover, there was evidence that some radicals certainly played a role in the photo-reduction of MnO2, since radical scavenger addition significantly decreased the reduction efficiency of MnO2. In the present of an excess of propanol-2, however, which was expected to remove all OH radicals present, only about 60 % decrease in reduction efficiency were observed, suggesting that radicals other than OH radical are involved in the reduction of MnO2. It was observed further that the presence of iron(III) in MnO2 up to 1 % (w/w) did not alter the reduction efficiency of MnO2.   Keywords: MnO2 kinetics, photo-reduction, aquatic, humic acids
THEORETICAL STUDY OF SOLVENT EFFECTS AND NMR SHIELDING TENSORS OF DLPC
Authors: Monajjemi M. , Afsharnezhad S. , Jaafari M.R. , Mirdamadi S. , Monajemi H. , Mollaamin S.
Published: January 2019

The effect of the polarity of the environment on the conformation zwitterionic membrane dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine (DLPC) has been investigated with calculation at the Hatree-Fock level using the 6-31G* basis set with Onsager continuum solvation model. The ‘Gauge Including Atomic Orbital' (GIAO) approach is used to investigate Ab initio GIAO calculations of NMR chemical shielding tensors carried out within SCF-Hartree-Fock approximation are described. In order to compare the calculated chemical shifts with experimental ones, it is important to use consistent nuclear shielding for NMR reference compounds like TMS. Conformation of DLPC was evaluated with four different solvents with different dielectric constant (Water (ε = 78.39), Dimethyl Sulfoxide (ε = 46.7), Acetone (ε = 20.7) and Heptane (ε = 1.92). In concern with conformational energy, Water could be the most suitable solvent for DLPC. Moreover, as the polarity of the medium increase, the conformational stability of this molecule increases faster than that of DLPC in the gas phase. Consequently, the relative energy of DLPC also depends on the polarity of the environment. This subject was considered as well as the most variable in some dihedral angles degree and NMR isotropic shift were in the less dielectric constant (ε = 1.92). It could be in polar medium DLPC conformer becomes additionally stabilized by intermolecular ionic and hydrogen bond interactions with polar neighboring molecules. On the basis of this work it can be concluded that the effect of the polarity of the environment clearly are influenced on the isotropic values by geometry variation due to intermolecular motion in molecule.   Keywords: Onsager continuum model, DLPC ,NMR shielding, isotropic, solvent models, anisotropic
TRANSPORT OF Cr(III), Cd(II), Pb(II), AND Ag(I) IONS THROUGH BULK LIQUID MEMBRANE CONTAINING p-tert-BUTYLCALIX[4]ARENE –TETRAETHYLESTER AS ION CARRIER
Authors: Maming Maming , Jumina Jumina , Siswanta Dwi , Firdaus Firdaus , Sastrohamidjojo Hardjono
Published: January 2019

The study on transport of Cr(III), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Ag(I) through bulk liquid membrane using p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-tetraethylester as ions carrier has been conducted. The aims of this work are to determine the optimum condition, efficiency, and selectivity of transport of the carriers for those ions. Both optimum condition and efficiency of transport were obtained by determination of the concentration of transported ions with variation of source phase pH, ion carrier concentration, the nature of stripping agent in the target phase, and transport time. The ion transport selectivity of ion carrier was obtained from the ions transport competition experiments using equimolar mixtures. The amount of Cr(III), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ag(I  that was transported across liquid membrane was about 0, 10, 10 and 50 % respectively after 24 hours, except for Pb(II) (32 hours). The ion carrier is selective for Ag(I) where separation factor to Cd(II) was 16.0, that to Pb(II) was 42.8, and that to Cr(III) was infinite.   Keywords: transport,  calix[4]arene, efficiency, selectivity, bulk liquid membrane, heavy metals
OXIDATION OF BENZYLIC SECONDARY ALCOHOL WITH PYRIDINIUM CHLOROCHROMATE-ALUMINA (PCC-Al2O3)
Authors: Sohilait Hanoch J.
Published: January 2019

In these studies, Pyridinium chlorochromate-Alumina was used for oxidation of secondary alcohols (safryl alcohol and methyleugenyl alcohol) to ketone.  The oxidation of safryl alcohol with PCC-Al2O3 followed by purification by potassium bisulfite yields safryl ketone (62,92%). The oxidation of methyleugenyl alcohol with PCC-Al2O3, followed by purification by potassium bisulfite  yields methyleugenyl ketone (68,04%). The elucidation of these products was analyzed by FTIR, 1H-NMR and MS.   Keywords : PCC-alumina, secondary alcohols, ketone
TiO2 AND TiO2/ ACTIVE CARBON PHOTOCATALYSTS IMMOBILIZED ON TITANIUM PLATES
Authors: Andayani Winarti , Sumartono Agustin
Published: January 2019

Study of TiO2 and TiO2 active carbon photocatalyst was done. Immobilization was carried out by sol-gel process using titanium diisopropokside bis-acetylacetonato as titanium precursor. The catalyst was characterized using XRD and SEM. The activity of catalyst was tested using 10 ppm of pentachlorophenol (PCP) as a model of organic waste. The test was done by irradiating PCP solution using UV lamp and varying the catalysts of TiO2, and TiO2/C of 8/2 and 5/5. About 5 mL of sample was taken out at interval time of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h iradiation followed by the measurement of PCP residue and chloride ions. From the characterization results it is known that calcined TiO2 andTiO2/C of 8/2 and 5/5 have anatase structure and active as a catalyst. The activity results using PCP as an organic waste showed that combination of TiO2 and active carbon would increase the activity of the catalyst, but at high percentage of active carbon the performance of the photocatalyst decreased.   Keywords: catayist TiO2,  catayist TiO2/active carbon, photocatalysis
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY-HYDROXYBUTYRATE (PHB) IN CUPRIAVIDUS NECATOR
Authors: De Rooy Sergio Leon , Wahyuni Endang Tri , Wiratni Wiratni , Syamsiah Siti , Ismail Jamil
Published: January 2019

Purification and characterization of biodegradable plastic namely Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in Cupriavidus necator have been carried out. C. necator was grown on a Ramsay medium with fixed substrate conditions and optimized for time. Stepwise purification of PHB was carried out, by using hydrogen peroxide and chloroform. The effect of temperature, time, and hydrogen peroxide concentration on the purification were also evaluated. The extracted PHB was studied with XRD, FTIR and 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR to determine its structure and purity. Yield and crystallinity were also studied with HPLC and XRD, respectively. The results of the research showed that higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide gave better yields, whereas higher temperatures and longer lysis times led to different results. Higher crystallinity was observed when purification temperatures were elevated, but higher hydrogen peroxide concentration and longer extraction time gave varying crystallinity. The highest yield ca 66.10 % DCW was reached by purification using H2O2 20 %, at 100 oC for 2 h. The results of   TGA analysis indicated that the purity of the PHB obtained was about 75 % and by using DSC, it was found that the PHB showed good thermal properties.   Keywords:  PHB, recovery, hydrogen peroxide, characterization
ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHEZIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYPYRROLE FOR DODECYLSULFATE SENSOR MEMBRANE
Authors: Watoni Abdul Haris , Gandasasmita Suryo , Noviandri Indra , Buchari Buchari
Published: January 2019

A conducting polymer, polypyrrole, has been electrochemically synthesized from pyrrole monomer using cyclic voltammetry technique in aqueous solution in the presence of HDS dopant and KNO3 supporting electrolyte. The polymer was deposited on the surface of an Au-wire and the modified electrode obtained was then used as dodecylsulfate (DS-) ion sensor electrode. The best performance PPy-DS modified-Au electrode conditioned in the air system without HDS or SDS solution gave linear potential response for the concentration range of 1.0 x 10-5 - 1.0 x 10-3 M, sensitivity of 54.5 mV/decade, detection limit of 1.0 x 10-5 M, and response time of 23 - 30 second.  The electrode showed good selectivity towards other anions, therefore can be used to determine SDS concentration in real samples system without any change of the samples matrix.   Keywords: polypyrrole, SDS, cyclic voltammetry
INVESTIGATION OF MOLECULAR INTERACTION BETWEEN PHENYLACETYLENE AND HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE BY 13C NMR T1 RELAXATION TIME STUDIES AND AB INITIO QM CALCULATIONS
Authors: Siahaan Parsaoran , Radiman Cynthia L. , Rahayu Susanto Imam , Martoprawiro Muhamad A. , Ziessow Dieter
Published: January 2019

Intermolecular interactions and molecular translational and rotational mobility are key factors in molecular material sciences, e.g. liquid crystals. One of the important substructures is given by phenylacetylene, Ph-CºCH. Its rotational behavior in its pure form and in high dilution in hexamethylphosphoric triamide OP[N(CH3)2]3 (HMPA) has been studied by means 13C NMR T1 relaxation times at ambient temperature as measured by the inversion recovery method. HMPA is an exceptional solvent in that is has a quite large dipole moment but comparatively low relative dielectricity constant. From the molecular shape Ph-CºCH is expected to exhibit anisotropic rotational diffusion which in fact can be deduced from the measured set of T1 values of the ortho, meta and para carbon nuclei in the neat liquid as well as in the HMPA solution. This expected result rules the dominance of a linearly molecules pair Ph-CºCH...HMPA along their dipole moment axes as anticipated in view of the large HMPA dipole moment. In order to conform with the T1 data, a linear arrangement of Ph-CºCH via the interaction between its weakly acidic H-atom with negatively charge O-atom of HMPA molecules seems to lead to such an anisotropic rotational motion. This hypothesis is supported by ab initio QM calculations which come out with higher interaction energy for linear orientation than other geometries. These ab initio calculations were performed with the basis set of RHF/6-31G(d) for the single molecules of Ph-CºCH and HMPA as well as for their various geometries of the molecules pair. Molecular dynamics simulations need to be performed for further confirmation.   Keywords: Relaxation Times, HMPA, pheylacetylene, ab initio, intermolecular interaction, rotational diffusion
A XANTHONE FROM THE STEM BARK OF MANGGIS HUTAN (Garcinia bancana)
Authors: Muharni Muharni , Dachriyanus Dachriyanus , Bahti Husein H. , Supriyatna Supriyatna
Published: January 2019

A xanthone, 1,5-dihidroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-2,7-bis-(3-methylbutenyl)xanthone had been isolated from the stem bark of Garcinia bancana Miq.  The structure of this compound was elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, especially using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data.    Keywords : Xanthone, 1,5-dihidroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-2,7-bis-(3-methylbutenyl)xanthone, G. bancana
TWO ALKYLATED FLAVONOID ISOLATED FROM THE STEM OF THE FERN Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt
Authors: Suyatno Suyatno , Syarief Sri Hidayati , Hidajati Nurul , Shimizu Kuniyoshi
Published: January 2019

Two known alkylated flavonoid namely matteucinol dan matteucinol-7-O-b-D-glucoside was isolated for the first time from the fern Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt's stem. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and by comparation with those reported data in literature.   Keywords: Fern, Chingia sakayensis, stem, alkylated flavonoid, matteucinol, matteucinol-7-O-b-D-glucoside
ORTHO-CHLOROANILINE DEGRADATION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF OZONE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: Winarno Ermin Katrin
Published: January 2019

The degradation study on 2-chloroaniline (2-ClA) used as a model of water pollutant by ozonation was performed. The change of spectrum and substrate concentration of treated solutions were measured by spectrophotometer as well as by HPLC method. The change of solutions pH after ozonization was observed. The yields of the products formed (chloride ions, ammonium ions, and formaldehyde) were investigated as a function of ozonation time. The results showed that the ozonation gave to an efficient degradation of 2-ClA.   Keywords: degradation, ortho-chloroaniline, ozone
RELATION BETWEEN PORE MODEL AND CENTER-LINE TEMPERATURE IN HIGH BURN-UP UO2 PELLET
Authors: Suwardi Suwardi
Published: January 2019

Relation between pore model and center-line temperature of high burn up UO2 Pellet. Temperature distribution has been evaluated by using different model of pore distribution. Typical data of power distribution and coolant data have been chosen in this study. Different core model and core distribution model have been studied for related temperature, in correlation with high burn up thermal properties. Finite element combined finite different adapted from Saturn-1 has been used for calculating the temperature distribution. The center-line temperature for different pore model and related discussion is presented.   Keywords: pore model, high burn up, UO2 pellet, centerline temperature.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF COMMERCIAL CROWN ETHER DC18C6 AND THE EXTRACTION STUDY OF ALKALI AND EARTH ALKALI METALS
Authors: Rusdiarso Bambang
Published: January 2019

Distribution of A and B isomers of crown-ether DC18C6 on their organic and water phases (chloride, nitrate and sulphocyanide salts) and extraction of alkali and earth alkali metals has been studied. In LiCl 0.1 M environment, lithium extraction could be ignored. The presence of extracted potassium metal may affect the crown ether DC18C6 distribution albeit only a little. In KNO3 0.1 M environment, the distribution coefficient values (d) were 6.1 and 10.3 for A and B isomers, respectively ; while in KCl  0.1 M environment the values were 4.9 and 11.8, respectively. In KSCN 0.1 M, d values for A and B isomers were 40.4 and 36.6, respectively, which were higher than the value obtained from both KNO3 and KCl  0.1 M environments. Caesium metal extraction using DC18C6 occurred weakly, up to only 5%. Strontium extraction using DC18C6 achieved better yield than the caesium extraction. The percentage of extraction increased under organic solvent according to the following: toluene (4%) < chloroform (28%) < TBP (35%).   Keywords: distribution, crown-ether DC18C6, extraction.
THE EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION OF CARRIER, pH AND TIME OF EXTRACTION ON SEPARATION'S FACTOR OF PENICILLIN G - PHENYL ACETATE BY REACTIVE EXTRACTION
Authors: Santoso Imam , Buchari Buchari , Amran M. Bachri , Sulaeman Aminudin
Published: January 2019

The aim of this research is to study the effect of concentration carrier, pH and time of extraction on separation's factor of penicillin g - phenyl acetate by reactive extraction technique. The 10 mL  aqueous  solution with variation of  pH : 5, 6 contains 0.001 M penicillin G and 0.001 M phenyl acetate has been extracted with 10 mL n-butyl acetate contains dioctylamine as carrier. Variation concentration  of carrier were 0.000; 0.002; 0.004; 0.006 and 0.008 M. Variation time of extraction were 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. The penicillin G and phenyl acetate that dissolved in organic phase ha been  reextracted with 10 mL aqueous with variation of pH : 7, 8. The optimum condition obtained as follow : concentration dioctylamine was 0.002M ; pH the first phase water was 5 and the second phase water was 8 ; and the time of extraction was 10 min.   Keywords: Separation factor, Reactive extraction
1D AND 2D NMR STUDIES OF 2–(2–(BENZYLOXY)–3–METHOXYPHENYL)–1H–BENZIMIDAZOLE
Authors: Al–Douh Mohammed Hadi , Hamid Shafida Abd , Osman Hasnah
Published: January 2019

The reaction of Benzyl o-vanillin 1 and o-phenylene diamine 2 in dichloromethane produced new benzimidazole, 3. The complete assignments of 3 were made using 1D and 2D NMR including COSY, HMQC and HMBC NMR in CDCl3 and acetone-d6. The coupling constants J are reported in Hertz, and the differences in the peak splittings using both solvents are discussed.   Keywords: 1H NMR; 13C NMR; 2D NMR; Benzimidazole
PRELIMINARY STUDIES FOR PRODUCING CRUDE LIPASE FROM TEMPE’S MOULD CULTIVATED IN RICE-HUSK-BASED SOLID MEDIA
Authors: Bardant Teuku Beuna , Sembiring Kiky Corneliasari , Setiawan Achmad Hanafi
Published: January 2019

The goal of these preliminary studies is to support Indonesian program for increasing palm oil added value through independent production technology based on Indonesian natural resources. Various palm oil derivatives could be synthesized enzymatically using lipase from microbes that available in Indonesia. Tempe's mould is available in abundance in Indonesia and had already been proved for producing lipase. This paper provides information about producing crude lipase from Tempe's mould cultivated in rice-husk-based solid media using palm oil as carbon source. Observed variables include solid media composition, optimum fermentation time, extraction and enriching process of crude lipase. The crude lipase was analyzed its hydrolysis activity on coconut oil and palm oil. The result of these preliminary studies shows that this production process is a simple and tough process and very potential to be developed.   Keywords: lipase, Tempe's mould, palm oil, solid fermentation, rice husk
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL (PCP) USING IMOBILIZED TiO2
Authors: Andayani Winarti , Sumartono Agustin
Published: January 2019

Imobilization of titanium plate using titanium diisopropoxide as a precursor, that will be used as a catalyst for degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been done. In this study 10 ppm of pentachlorophenol (PCP) solution at pH 5 was used as a model of organic polutant. Irradiation was done with and without TiO2 as a catalyst. Sampling was done at interval time  of  15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195, 210, 225 and 240 minutes. Parameter examined after irradiation were the changes of spectrum and pH, the formation of chloride ions and intermediate compounds. The decreased of pH and PCP concentration and the formation of chloride ions and intermediate compounds showed that PCP has already degraded.   Keywords: PCP, TiO2, photocatalytic.
QUANTITAVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS (QSAR) OF ANTIMALARIAL 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE DERIVATIVES COMPOUNDS
Authors: Hadanu Ruslin , Mastjeh Sabirin , Mustofa Mustofa , Sholikhah Eti Nurwening , Wijayanti Mahardika Agus , Tahir Iqmal
Published: January 2019

Quantitative Electronic Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis of a series of 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives as antiplasmodial compounds have been conducted using atomic net charges (q), dipole moment (μ) ELUMO, EHOMO, polarizability (α) and log P as the descriptors. The descriptors were obtained from computational chemistry method using semi-empirical PM3. Antiplasmodial activities were taken as the activity of the drugs  against  chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum FCR3 strain and are presented as the value of ln (1/IC50) where IC50 is an effective concentration inhibiting 50% of the parasite growth. The best model of QSAR model was determine by multiple linear regression method and giving equation of QSAR: ln 1/IC50  =  3.732 + (5.098) qC5 + (7.051) qC7 + (36.696) qC9 + (41.467) qC11 -(135.497) qC12 + (0.332) μ -                    (0.170) α + (0.757) log P. The equation was significant on the 95% level with statistical parameters: n=16; r=0.987; r2= 0.975; SE=0.317;  Fcalc/Ftable = 15.337 and gave the PRESS=0.707. Its means that there were only a relatively few deviations between the experimental and theoretical data of antimalarial activity.   Keywords: QSAR, antimalarial, semi-empirical method, 1,10-phenanthroline.
IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF SOME COMPOUNDS FROM METHANOL EXTRACT PEEL OF BANANA (Musa paradisiaca Linn.)
Authors: Atun Sri , Arianingrum Retno , Handayani Sri , Rudyansah Rudyansah , Garson Mary
Published: January 2019

The objective of these research was measured activity as antioxidant some compounds in methanol extracts of peel of banana (Musa paradisiaca Linn.), isolated some compounds which had activities as antioxidant, and determined this structure. Method of this study was extracted powdered peel of banana with methanol at room temperature. Extract was concentrated in vaccuo and then successively was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, etyl acetate, and buthanol. Antioxidant test from each fractions was measured by hydroxyl radical scavenger test with Fenton reaction method. The result of this study showed activity each fractions as  hydroxyl radical scavenger activity of chloroform, etyl acetate, and buthanol fraction were IC50 693.15; 2347.40; and 1071.14 mg/mL respectively. The isolation of secondary metabolite compounds from chloroform fraction obtained two isolate compounds. Identification by spectroscopy IR,  MS, 1H and 13C NMR one and two dimension showed that the compounds are 5,6,7,4'-tetrahidroxy-3,4-flavan-diol and a new compound cyclohexenon derivative (2-cyclohexene-1-on-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-O-2'-hydroxypropyl ether).   Keywords: antioxidant, peel of banana, Musa paradisiaca, hydroxyl radical scavenger
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TiO2-ZEOLITE AND ITS APPLICATION TO DEGRADE TEXTILLE WASTEWATER BY PHOTOCATALYTIC METHOD
Authors: Utubira Yeslia , Wijaya Karna , Triyono Triyono , Sugiharto Eko
Published: January 2019

The preparation of titanium oxide-zeolite composite (TiO2-zeolite) has been done. Preparation was initiated by dispersing oligocation of titanium solution into suspension of natural zeolite. The suspension was stirred and then filtered to separate the solid phase from the filtrate. The solid phase was heated by microwave oven to convert the oligocations into its oxide forms and the resulting material (called as TiO2-zeolite) then was used to photodegrade the wastewater of PT.Jogjatex The TiO2-zeolite and unmodified zeolite were characterized using X-ray diffractometry, FT-IR spectro-photometry, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and gas sorption analysis (GSA) methods to determine their physicochemical properties. Photocatalytic activity of TiO2-Zeolite was tested by exposing the suspension of TiO2-Zeolite/wastewater by the UV light of 366 nm at room temperature for 15 - 75 minutes. Characterization results exhibited that the formation of TiO2 on internal as well as external surfaces of Zeolite could not be detected  with X-ray diffractometry as well as  FT-IR spectrophotometry, however elemental analysis result with XRF indicated that titanium concentration in zeolite increased due to the inclusion, i.e from 0.26% (w/w) in zeolite to 2.80% (w/w) in TiO2-zeolite. Characterization result by GSA exhibited the increased of specific surface area from 19.57 m2/g in zeolite to 67.96 m2/g in TiO2-zeolite; total pore volume from 20.64 x 10-3 mL/g in zeolite to 49.561 x 10-3 mL/g in TiO2-Zeolite; pore radius average decreased from 21.10 Å in zeolite to 14.58 Å in TiO2-zeolite. Photocatalytic activity test of TiO2-zeolite on wastewater of PT. Jogjatex showed that UV radiation for 75 minutes on the mixture of TiO2-zeolite and wastewater resulted in the decreased of  COD number up to 57.85%. Meanwhile the sorption study showed that zeolite and TiO2-zeolite could decrease COD number of wastewater up to 43.95% and 57.85%, respectively.   Keywords: TiO2-zeolite, photocatalytic, wastewater
STUDY ON ADSORPTION OF Cd(II) BY CHITOSAN-ALUMINA
Authors: Darjito Darjito , Purwonugroho Danar , Nisa Siti Nasirotun
Published: January 2019

One techniques to reduce the concentration of heavy metal Cd(II) in aqueous solution is adsorption by chitosan. To modify the surface textures and expose the active binding sites, composite biosorbent has been prepared by coating chitosan onto alumina. The aims of this research were to identify the functional group of chitosan-alumina, to characterize adsorption of Cd(II) by using chitosan-alumina adsorbent including optimum pH, optimum agitation time, and to determine the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. The functional group of chitosan-alumina was identified by infrared spectrophotometer. Determination of the optimum condition was carried out at 40 ppm Cd(II), 125 rpm and 0,1 g adsorbent. Calculation of adsorpted Cd(II) based on its concentration in aqueous phase before and after adsorption process. The concentrations of Cd(II) in aqueous phase after adsorption process  were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Identified functional groups of chitosan-alumina were -OH (3466.39 cm-1), -NH amine (1625.15 cm-1), C=O (1703.30 cm-1), and Al-O (1302.07 cm-1). The optimum pH was reached at pH 7, optimum agitation time at 15 minutes, and adsorption capacity of chitosan-alumina was 15.35 ± 0.05 mg/g.   Keywords: adsorption, chitosan-alumina, characterization of adsorption