bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pengaruh Faktor-Faktor Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Pada Kantor Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Karimun
Authors: Sambuardi Roli , Haqiqi Fauzan , Azmi
Published: April 2021

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan obyek Kantor Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Karimun, dengan melibatkan responden yang merupakan pegawai pada Kantor Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Karimun yang berjumlah 37 orang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh nilai-nilai budaya organisasi baik secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap tingkat kepuasan kerja pegawai Kantor Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Karimun. Disamping itu terdapat variabel yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai. Variabel dalam penelitian ini meliputi delapan variabel bebas yang terdiri dari Asas Tujuan, Asas Keunggulan, Asas Konsensus, Asas Kesatuan, Asas Prestasi, Asas Empirisme, Asas Keakraban, Asas Integritas, Serta satu variabel terikat yaitu kepuasan kerja pegawai. Pengujian hipotesis menghasilkan bahwa asas integritas mempunyai pengaruh yang paling dominan terhadap kepuasan kerja Pegawai Kantor Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Karimun. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai thitung adalah sebesar 6.521 dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0.000 lebih besar dari ttabel sebesar 2.045. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penolakan Ho dan penerimaan Ha yang berarti terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan variabel asas integritas terhadap variabel kepuasan kerja Pegawai Kantor Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Karimun (Y).  Nilai thitung ini dinyatakan paling besar dibandingkan variabel-variabel yang lain.

Kata Kunci:  Budaya Organisasi, Kepuasan Kerja

Abstract

This research was conducted with the object of the Regional Government Office of Karimun Regency, involving respondents who were employees of the Regional Government Office of Karimun Regency, amounting to 37 people. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of organizational culture values ​​both simultaneously and partially on the level of job satisfaction of employees of the Regional Government Office of Karimun Regency. Besides that, there is the most dominant variable influencing employee job satisfaction. The variables in this study include eight independent variables consisting of the Principle of Purpose, Principle of Excellence, Principle of Consensus, Principle of Unity, Principle of Achievement, Principle of Empiricism, Principle of Familiarity, Principle of Integrity, and one dependent variable namely employee job satisfaction. Hypothesis testing results in that the principle of integrity has the most dominant influence on job satisfaction of Karimun Regency Government Office Employees. This is indicated by the tcount value of 6,521 with a significance level of 0,000 greater than the table of 2,045. This shows that there is a rejection of Ho and Ha acceptance, which means there is a significant influence of the integrity principle variable on the job satisfaction variable of the Employees of the Regional Government Office of Karimun Regency (Y). This t-count value is stated to be the largest compared to the other variables.

 

Keywords: Organizational Culture, Job Satisfaction
Inkonsistensi Tentang Pemberhentian Kepala Negara Menurut Konstitusi Indonesia
Authors: Akbar Aryo
Published: April 2021

Demokrasi dalam sebuah negara dapat di artikan bahwa seluruh kekuasaan dan kewenangannya harus berdasarkan sebuah aturan yang di sepakati bersama yang di cantumkan dalam sebuah konstitusi negara. Bangsa ketika melaksanakan demokrasi tentu bertujuan untuk menggerakkan roda kekuasaan. Salah satu faktor penyebab orang menjadi peminpin adalah guna menjalankan kekuasaan dalam sebuah negara tersebut harus didasarkan pada keinginan rakyat dalam negara tersebut. Hal tersebut juga terjadi terhadap seorang Presiden yang dipilih oleh rakyat. Presiden merupakan orang yang diberikan kewenanagan dalam menjalankan roda pemerintahan berdasarkan atas keinginan rakyat. Kewenangan dalam menjalankan roda pemerintahan ini diberikan pada bidang eksekutif dan harus di pertanggumgjawabkan pada Parlemen atau bidang Legislatif yang mana parlemen tersebut merupakan representatif dari rakyat. Tata cara/mekanisme pemberhentian presiden setelah amandemen di atur dalam pasal 7A dan 7B Undang-undang Dasar 1945 yang melibatkan sebuah peradilan yakni Mahkamah Konstitusi berdasarkan pada pasal 24 C ayat 2 pada konstitusi Indonesia. Mahkamah Konstitusi  yang bagi beberapa ahli juga berpendapat sebagai peradilan politik tentu saja dalam menjalankan tugasnya tentu saja tidak lepas dari pengaruh dinamika politik yang berkembang pada saat itu. Memberhentikan presiden/wakil presiden bukanlah sebuah perkara mudah, Mahkamah Konstitusi harus mendapatkan laporan dan usulan dari Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (legislatif) sebagai penerjemahan prinsip “check and balance system”. Dukungan politik tentu sangat berpengaruh terhadap pemberhentian kepala negara. Unsur politik lebih berpengaruh dibandingkan putusan yang diberikan oleh mahkamah konstitusi terhadap pelanggaran hukum yang dilakukan kepala negara dalam menjalankan roda pemerintahan yang dibuktikan melalui pemeriksaan yang dilakukan Mahkamah Konstitusi dan dituangkan dalam bentuk putusan. Tidak ada ketentuan dalam konstitusi mewajibkan MPR untuk melakukan putusan yang telah dilakukan lembaga mahkamah konstitusi mengenai pemberhentian terhadap kepala negara tidak memiliki akibat hukum atau sanksi sehingga tidak dilaksanakannya putusan yang dibuat Mahkamah Konstitusi akan menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum bila tidak dilaksanakan oleh Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat selaku eksekutor dari putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Idealnya seharusnya putusan yang dibuat atau dikeluarkan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi harus segera dijalankan dengan dibawa kesidang istimewa guna menjalankan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tanpa melakukan voting lagi. Bila voting dilakukan otomatis jika suara terbanyak tidak menerima putusan yang dibuat Mahkamah Konstitusi maka pemberhentian Kepala Negara mengalami jalan buntu
CLASSIFICAÇÃO E DESCRIÇÃO TÉCNICA DAS EMBARCAÇÕES PESQUEIRAS ATUANTES EM SANTARÉM, ESTADO DO PARÁ
Authors: Zacardi Diego , Rabelo Yohanna , Imbiriba Luan
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to characterize fishing boats in the municipality of Santarém. The data were collected through interviews carried out from January 2017 to December 2018, in places where the fishing fleet was busy and at various points the edge of the city. During this period, 150 semi-structured forms were applied mainly to the owners or agents of fishing boats and fishermen who landed fish, as well as the monitoring of landings and direct observations. The fishing boats in activity in the municipality and registered in the present study had dimensions varying from 3 to 20 meters in length, all units of the fishing fleet had the construction and structure in wood evidencing an artisanal production system. The fishing fleet was classified into seven categories: “cascos”, canoes, motorized canoes, “sapiaras”, “rabetão”, “bajaras” and “geleiras”, which differ in size, model and type of propulsion. The most frequent boats in the ports of Santarém were the group of canoes, in descending order of contribution, are the “rabetas”, canoes, “cascos”, “rabetão” and “sapiaras”, followed by the glaciers and “bajaras” boats. The physical conditions of the floodplain environment, with numerous canals, “paranás” and lakes that suffer fluctuations of the water level are determinant factors for the size of the boats justifying the great use of the hooves and canoes actually operating in the regional fishing activity, associated with a variation of fishing techniques that demand a differentiated means of transport. Therefore, this study proves that the fishing sector plays an important role in the regional economy, besides supplying the Santarém city.
You Learn When You Teach: A Narrative Pedagogy for Faculty and Doctoral-Level Student Teaching Assistants
Authors: Acosta Lauren , Overgaard Penny , Pool Natalie , Renz Susan , Crist Janice
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning of online co-teaching for PhD faculty and teaching assistants (TAs). Narrative pedagogy underpinned the inquiry, which was designed to advance the discourse on mentorship of PhD future faculty. A faculty member and TA authors kept concurrent weekly journals or after-the-fact written reflections. The authors analyzed data as a team using a five-phase interpretive phenomenological analysis process to interpret the meaning of co-teaching for faculty and TAs. Lines of inquiry, central concerns, exemplars, shared meanings, and paradigm cases supported the overall interpretation, “You Learn When You Teach.” Co-mentorship should be a requirement for nursing faculty preparation programs. Five strategies for ensuring success of PhD nursing students’ development as professional nurse scholars are recommended. Doctoral programs (e.g., PhD; DNP) would benefit from a unified approach to faculty preparation, guided by theories such as narrative pedagogy.
Differences in Guided Imagery between High and Low Self-Critical Participants: Consensual Qualitative Research Analysis
Authors: Halamova Julia , Koroniova Jana , Baránková Martina
Published: April 2021

As self-criticism is considered to be the major underlying factor of all sorts of psychopathology, it is meaningful to explore the differences between how people deal with their self-criticism based on their level of self-criticism. The aim of this study was to categorise descriptions and investigate differences between 5 high and 5 low self-critical participants in their self-critical, self-protective and self-compassionate imageries. The total sample consisted of 10 university students, who were selected from a larger sample of 88 participants based on their extreme score from The Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale. For analysis, we exploited Consensual Qualitative Research with two assessors and one auditor. The compassionate imagery was used to evoke the inner critic, protector and compassionate voice. The results showed differences in the imageries based on the level of self-criticism. Both high and low self-critics displayed difficulties in overcoming their self-criticism. Contrary to high self-critics, low self-critics showed more constructive and positive strategies for dealing with their self-criticism. Our study presented several different patterns between high and low self-critical participants in self-critical, self-compassionate, and self-protective imagery which could be used for diagnostic purposes in the future.
“Miss, this is a lot of work”: Exploring Part-Time Students Experiences of Qualitative Research
Authors: Ferguson Therese , Gordon Tenesha
Published: April 2021

Qualitative research can be time consuming and intensive as researchers engage in data collection, analysis, and interpretation of rich, detailed, multi-layered, and voluminous data. For Master’s level students struggling to balance full-time work, family, part-time studies, and other obligations, the nature of qualitative research can be overwhelming and discouraging as they learn about and engage in the research process. However, if students’ experiences are rich and meaningful, the time investment can be worthwhile. In this generic qualitative study, Master’s Level Education students’ experiences in an Introduction to Qualitative Research in Education course are explored. Drawing on data from semi-structured one-to-one interviews, as well as students’ written reflections from course assignments, we (i) explore the conceptual and personal challenges that students describe as they learn about and engage with qualitative research; (ii) explore students’ perceptions of class readings, activities, and assignments; and (iii) discover students’ perceptions about how class readings, activities, and assignments shape their experiences in the course. Findings suggest that although these part-time adult learners encounter difficulty in balancing their adult roles and responsibilities with the time consuming nature of the qualitative research process, they still find the course experience valuable due to the practical, experiential activities utilised; the connection of content to their professional and academic lives; and the collaborative experiences with their peers.
Technology Ethics in Qualitative Research: How to Be
Authors: Costa António , Moreira António
Published: April 2021

This introductory note stems from the organization of a special edition of articles from the World Conference on Qualitative Research. Some researchers put forth criticisms about using software in qualitative data analysis, such as losing control in the coding process and leading researchers to use a particular method of analysis according to tool characteristics. Moreover, a number of the scientists believe that the advantages of using specific tools in data analysis are numerous, such as the analysis of an enormous amounts of data, but doing research involves personal or institutional aspects that enter the field of ethics. In the case of specific qualitative data analysis software, it would be possible to list a set of principles that would begin with the organization and importing of data, proceed with their interpretative and descriptive codification followed by questioning the data, up to exporting results to their written dissemination. Such principles could set the boundaries or define ethics in the use of software, referring to any research activity that touches what is right or wrong, good or bad, moral or immoral. This text is in line with the belief shared by others that work studies that can be performed on computational ethics will influence not only the use of Qualitative Data Analysis software but also their development.
Demystifying Qualitative Data Analysis for Novice Qualitative Researchers
Authors: Kalpokaite Neringa , Radivojevic Ivana
Published: April 2021

Qualitative research is a rich and diverse discipline, yet novice qualitative researchers may struggle in discerning how to approach their qualitative data analysis among the plethora of possibilities. This paper presents a foundational model that facilitates a comprehensive yet manageable approach to qualitative data analysis, and it can be applied within an array of qualitative methodologies. Based on an exhaustive review of expert qualitative methodologists, along with our own experience of teaching qualitative research, this model synthesises commonly-used analytic strategies and methods that are likewise applicable to novice qualitative researchers. This foundational model consists of four iterative cycles: The Inspection Cycle, Coding Cycle, Categorisation Cycle, and Modelling Cycle, and memo-writing is inherent to the entire analysis process. Our goal is to offer a solid foundation from which novice qualitative researchers may begin familiarising themselves with the craft of qualitative research and continue discovering methods for making sense of qualitative data.
The Epitome of the Russian National Idea: Comparative Reconstruction in Sculpture and Narrative
Authors: Rozhdestvenskaya Elena
Published: April 2021

The formulation of the national idea for such a multinational country as Russia is a big issue. Its solution is not monopolized by the ideological institutions; art and popular mentality also contributes to the working out of the meaning for the unifying national idea. The author reconstructs those dominant meanings of the national idea (in art and popular consciousness) by the means of visual and textual analysis. The visual object for this reconstruction was realized by the sculpture that embodied the national idea of Russia at the International Art exhibition. The corpus of texts for the Russian contest that reflected the people’s ideas about the national idea was used in narrative analysis.
Particular Resonances: A Review of Jonathan Wyatt’s Therapy, Stand-Up, and the Gesture of Writing: Towards Creative-Relational Inquiry
Authors: Clarke David
Published: April 2021

I want to start with talking a little about resonances.

To resonate means to meet. To vibrate with something in some way. Jonathan’s book is full of resonances. It is crafted of them. Resonances between disciplines; therapy, stand-up, writing. Resonances between characters in these worlds. Resonances between knowing, ethics, and the real. Resonances between affective states of personing– which isn’t quite the same as being human. And resonances between the author and the reader; Jonathan’s stories touch us with their humour, their caring for the process of inquiry, and their openness. He confesses things that I’m sure we can all relate to. Anyone who has stood on a stage will, for instance, – and spoiler alert – resonate when Jonathan dies.
Zoonotic Diseases Prevention Program for Veterinary Workers in Rural Health Units at Benha City
Authors: Ramadan Eman N. , Sarhan Ahlam E. M. , Abd El-Ghany Gamalat M.
Published: April 2021

Context: Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases that naturally transmitted from animals to humans. Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Zoonotic Diseases prevention program for Veterinary workers in Rural Health Units at Benha City. Methods: A quasi-experimental design. The study was carried out in Veterinary Health Units at Benha City. A convenience sample used which includes (85) Veterinary workers. Two tools used for collecting data: 1) A structured interviewing questionnaire to assess: a) demographic characteristics, b) medical history of previous exposure to Zoonotic diseases and c) knowledge of Veterinary workers regarding zoonotic diseases. 2) An observational checklist sheet was used to assess: a) practices of veterinary workers regarding the prevention of zoonotic diseases, b) veterinary health unit environmental condition. Results: More than three quarters (76.5%) of veterinary workers were male, less than half (45.9%) aged ranged from 30 < 40 years with mean±SD (32.3±6.62) and about one third (31.8%) of them were secondary education. The majority (89.4%) of veterinary workers had poor total knowledge score regarding zoonotic diseases pre-program intervention compared to more than half (55.3%) of them had good total knowledge score post-program intervention. On the other hand, about two thirds (62.4%) of veterinary workers had unsatisfactory total practices score regarding zoonotic diseases pre-program intervention compared to more than three quarters (78.8%) of them had satisfactory total practices score post-program. Conclusion: Post-program score was higher than the pre-program score both in knowledge and practices of veterinary workers regarding zoonotic diseases, and there is a positive correlation between total knowledge and total practice pre and post-program (P=0.000). The study recommends an illustrated booklets and brochures in each Veterinary Health Unit focus on the use of protective methods during contact with animals and adherence to adequate sanitary standards.
UM MOSAICO DE EXPERIÊNCIAS NO ENSINO E NA PESQUISA DO PLE – PORTUGUÊS COMO LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA
Authors: Vasconcelos Silvia Ines Coneglian Carilho de
Published: April 2021

Resenha
Articulação entre tradução, adaptação, intertextualidade e paródia
Authors: Luiz Tiago Marques , Ferreira Nilton César , Guimarães Iza Lopes
Published: April 2021

A partir da leitura de teorias que levantam temas como tradução, adaptação e da paródia, vemos que existe um elo intertextual entre elas, possibilitando aqui uma articulação teórica. O instrumental teórico parte de nomes como Silviano Santiago, Linda Hutcheon, Gerard Genette, Umberto Eco, entre outros nomes críticos, cujas reflexões elencamos aqui por domínio de atuação e aproximação. Após o cotejo da articulação teórica desses domínios, pode-se notar que existe uma ponte da Intertextualidade entre eles, não vendo aqui como uma segregação, mas uma conjunção profícua sobre o modo como esses temas do campo das Letras e das Artes dialogam de modo dialógico com a presença dos intertextos, até mesmo porque se pensarmos em teorias de tradução, adaptação, paródia e intertextualidade, cada enunciando é uma releitura, uma presença (mesmo que não explicita) intertextual de uma proposição teórica anterior. Assim, no âmbito da teoria, esse trabalho aqui opta por mostrar separadamente como cada um desses temas dialoga com a teoria da intertextualidade.
EL RECURSO DE CASACIÓN EN LA JURISDICCIÓN CONTENCIOSO-ADMINISTRATIVA TRAS LA LEY ORGÁNICA 7/2015
Authors: RAZQUIN LIZARRAGA JOSÉ ANTONIO
Published: April 2021

Este trabajo estudia la reforma del recurso de casación en el orden jurisdiccional contencioso-administrativo operada por la Ley Orgánica 7/2015 de modificación de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial, que establece un nuevo modelo de casación universal cuya clave es la admisión del recurso mediante la apreciación discrecional de la existencia de interés casacional objetivo por la Sala Tercera del Tribunal Supremo.

L lan honetan administrazioarekiko auzien jurisdikzioan kasazio- errekurtsoaren erreformak eragin duen aldaketa aztertzen da. Botere Judizialaren Lege Organikoa aldatzeko 7/2015 Lege Organikoak ekarri du aldaketa hori, eta kasazio-eredu unibertsal berri bat ezartzen du. Horren gakoa da errekurtsoak onartzeko Auzitegi Gorenaren Hirugarren Aretoak kasazio-interes objektiboa hauteman beharko duela, bere eskumenez, errekurtsoa onartzeko.

this paper studies the reform of the cassation appeal in the contentious-administrative jurisdiction operated by the Organic Law 7/2015 amending the Organic Law of the Judiciary Power, establishing a new model of cassation appeal with the transformation of admissibility by discretion of Supreme Court.
A model for the allocation and utilisation of academic staff resources
Authors: Griew Stephen
Published: April 2021

It is argued that since an institution's recurrent income is so critically dependent on its total full-time equivalent enrolment, resource allocation should be based on measures of the contributions of individual teaching units to the institution's total full-time enrolment. A model is presented that permits the estimation of such contributions. The parameters generated by this model provide a basis for judgements concerning the efficiency of academic staff utilisation, the equitable deployment of staff in matrix organisations, the utilisation of staff in complex settings such as the professional school, and the assess- ment of spare, re-allocable teaching capacity. It is argued that the model assists an institution in facing up to the constraints imposed by its staff utilisation policies and, further, that it generates information of a kind that facilitates rational planning and decision-making in the allocation and utilisation of scarce teaching resources.
L'éducation des adultes comme stratégie d'implantation de l'éducation permanente en milieu universitaire: la leçon de la France
Authors: Ferland Mario
Published: April 2021

Le concept d'e´ducation permanente suppose la mise en place d'un syste`me e´ducatif entie`re- ment nouveau. Pour les universite´s, cela entrai^ne une transformation profonde, de´ja` amorce´e par l'e´ducation des adultes; aussi apparait-il normal que celle-ci soit utilise´e comme strate´gie d'implantation de l'e´ducation permanente en milieu universitaire. Les approches privile´gie´es diffe`rent d'une institution a` l'autre, mais elles se rame`nent a` trois grandes formules, selon que les structures mises en place pour l'e´ducation des adultes sont inte´gre´es, paralle`les ou pe´riphe´riques. Dans son effort pour amener les universite´s a` l'e´ducation permanente, le gouvernement franc¸ais a opte´ syste´matiquement pour la formule pe´riphe´rique. Une enque^te mene´e re´cemment dans 76% des universite´s franc¸aises permet de de´gager certaines lignes de force sus- ceptibles de servir de lec¸ons pour l'ensemble des universite´s: (a) au plan politique comme au plan conceptuel, il existe, entre l'e´ducation des adultes et l'e´ducation permanente, une diffe´rence de niveaux dont il faut toujours tenir compte; (b) le de´veloppement de l'e´ducation des adultes requiert une certaine autonomie; (c) il n'existe pas de monopole institu- tionnel universitaire en e´ducation des adultes; (d) l'approche pe´riphe´rique tend a` favoriser la marginalisation de l'e´ducation des adultes. En somme, il y a tout lieu de croire que l'e´ducation des adultes ne constitue pas la seule, ni meme meilleurestrate´gied'implantationdel'e´ducationpermanente: l'e´ducation des jeunes pourrait, a` cet effet, s'ave´rer plus efficace.
A Review of Significant Contributions of Psychology to Canadian Higher Education
Authors: Donald Janet Gail
Published: April 2021

Psychological research in several areas has made or shows the potential to make significant contributions to Canadian higher education. At the most microscopic level, cognition and learning, researchers have examined factors affecting learning, how students organize course material, and how information is processed. The evaluation of learning and the measurement of student abilities in higher education have benefitted from psychological methods. Instruction is a critical process in higher education and research in that area considers the goals and competencies of instruction, the effect of different methods of instruction on learning, and the evaluation of teaching. At a more general level, research into student characteristics covers social and moral development as well as patterns of achievement. At the most global level, the organization and operation of the university, program evaluation is a prominent need and staff development is considered. Overall a review of the research suggests important factors which could affect higher education, but the need for more organized and continued study of these factors and their effects is evident. In-depth study of learning in the university, analysis of student characteristics and their effects on learning, and research on the programs and operation of the university are priorities for future research.
Age-Related Needs of Community College Students
Authors: Devlin L. E. , Gallagher P.
Published: April 2021

The literature of adult education commonly suggests that older learners have a distinct set of needs and a unique mode of learning that ought to be honoured by educational institutions; other observers note that education is a process whose generic elements are not age-related. Capilano College, with a strong com- mitment to mature learners as part of its community orientation, surveyed its student population by age grouping to determine the extent to which significant, substantive differences in the self-perceived needs of different age groupings were evident. The survey revealed that, although there were several distinguishing characteristics between students below and above age 25, younger and older students share a large common set of needs; older students seem to have a greater number of needs and appear to feel them more acutely.
Degree Completion at British Columbia's Universities
Authors: Dennison John D. , Forrester Glen C. , Jones Gordon
Published: April 2021

This study investigated an important dimension of the performance of students in two of the universities in British Columbia. Specifically, it examined rates of degree completion, time taken to earn the degrees and the final academic standing attained by graduates. The study involved all students who enrolled between 1973 and 1978, both directly from secondary school and as transfer students from the community colleges in the province. Results were reported by faculty, by department in which students majored, and by sex. The results revealed wide variations by faculty and department. Furthermore, results were not consistent between the two universities concerned. For example, female students performed far better than males at one university but not at the other. Finally, the study exposed many differences in performances between direct entry and transfer students, but again, the differences varied by university and faculty. Finally, the study invited both speculation and further research on the reasons for the inconsistent results. Particular attention was drawn to the need to assess the impact of rising admission standards upon students' withdrawals, degree completion rates and final academic standing.
State-of-the-Art Review of Bibliographic Control of Higher Education in Canada
Authors: Wilburn Marion T. , Knapper Christopher K.
Published: April 2021

During the last two decades the quantity and variety of materials providing information on higher education in Canada have increased greatly. Nevertheless, researchers, administrators, instructors and students find it difficult to identify and locate relevant items. The following article reports on a survey of Canadian agencies and institutions collecting higher education materials; identifies four problem areas - definitions, collection policies, accessibility, and collection co- ordination; and recommends further information exchange and the compilation of a more complete directory of collections in higher education.
Canadian Universities: Who Benefits and Who Pays?
Authors: Meng Rondald , Sentance Jim
Published: April 2021

The following article deals with university education in Canada and its redistri- butive effects. From an economic point of view, there are two fundamental questions: first, which students are the principal beneficiaries of a university education? Secondly, who in Canadian society primarily bears the cost of edu- cating university students? As the following article shows, the answers to these questions are not encouraging, if we view universities as institutions that strive for greater economic equality in Canada. Children of high income families tend to be the ones that capture the bulk of the financial rewards of a university degree, while low income families often pay a disproportionately large share of educational expenditures.
Increasing Research Productivity in Small Universities: A Case Study
Authors: Ingalls Wayne B.
Published: April 2021

Researchers at small Canadian universities encounter a set of problems which hamper their productivity. The administration of one such institution embarked upon a programme to increase the research output of its faculty which met with spectacular success. This success occurred because the administration signaled its support for research by devoting resources to it and because faculty learned that they could compete for grants successfully.
An Examination of Performance of First Year Students at an Ontario University: An Admission Perspective
Authors: Allan Lorraine G. , Darling Alexander L. , Hughes Robert C. , Rosenfeld Jack M.
Published: April 2021

Major changes in the Ontario secondary school system over the last 15 years have increased the concerns within some universities about the use of Grade 13 marks as the principal criterion for evaluating applicants. These concerns focus on grade inflation, variability of marks among schools, and how appropriate some subjects are for university admission. This paper reports on a study of these issues conducted at McMaster University. The relationship between Grade 13 admission and Year I university averages was examined. Two issues that have received little attention elsewhere were also examined: how Year I performance varied by applicant status, and the relationship between individual Grade 13 subjects and Year I performance. The results indicate that Grade 13 marks, which are the only measure of a student's achievement available, continue to be a reasonable predictor of subsequent performance in Year I. Grade 13 subjects were identified that were more consistently associated with Year I performance than others. There was also evidence that some Grade 13 subjects may be contributing to an "inflated" admission average. The results of this study should be useful in evaluating existing admission policies and in the development of the new Ontario Academic Courses.
Book review of "Maintaining Diversity in Higher Education"
Authors: Skolnik Michael L.
Published: April 2021

No abstract
Performance cognitive de futurs professionnels de l'intervention
Authors: Larivee Serge , Normandeau Sylvie
Published: April 2021

Cognitive levels of 48 University students enrolled in humanities were assessed by piagetian tasks. Three specific formal abilities were measured: combinatory, probability, control of variables. For the control of variable tasks, the percentage of students reaching the formal levels did not exceed 50% while that of probabi-lity and combinatory tasks went up to 90%. The results are analyzed according to school training effect and content of tasks.
History of Higher Education in Canada
Authors: Sheehan Nancy M.
Published: April 2021

This paper relates the changes that have occurred in historiography over the last couple of decades to the present state of writing on the history of higher education in Canada. The existing bibliography has laid the groundwork and the 'new' history offers the means by which the complex relationships between society and institutions of higher learning can be synthesized. A few examples of the kinds of questions that need to be asked and of some assumptions that need analysis are given. By looking at all phases of universities - professors, students, women, administrative and academic matters; by using quantitative as well as qualitative research techniques; by consulting government, church, local and business sources as well as university material; and by analyzing and critiquing the newer historians of higher education can help Canadians understand the traditions and mores of individual institutions as well as the collective impact of higher education on the society.
Government-University Relations: 1MB or No 1MB? A Comparative View of Alberta and British Columbia
Authors: Southern Lee , Dennison John D.
Published: April 2021

The concept of an intermediary body (1MB) between government and universities has often been debated in the literature of higher education in Canada. While much of the discussion has centred around the theoretical advantages for both organizations which would accrue from the establishment of an 1MB, there have been few attempts to assess whether these advantages occur in practice. This paper reports on the result of a study of government - university relations in Alberta and British Columbia. The major purpose was to analyse differences in matters of autonomy, budget allocation, and planning, existing between Alberta, which abolished its 1MB in 1972, and British Columbia, which has had a Universities Council since 1974. The results indicated very few differences between the two provinces in the matters under review. What did emerge, however, were some important requirements for the effective operation of universities during the financial realities of the eighties.
A Survey of Computer Education Courses in Canadian Faculties of Education
Authors: Collis Betty , Muir Walter
Published: April 2021

Paralleling the rapid entry of microcomputers into the elementary and secondary schools of Canada has been the development of a broad range of credit courses, within faculties of education, designed to train teachers in the application of computer technology to teaching and learning. This survey of computer education courses and programs in Canadian faculties of education was conducted in February 1985, in order to provide baseline data for a continuing review of the nature and impact of these courses. The results of the survey confirm that the response of education faculties has been quite dramatic, with a total of 260 undergraduate and 85 graduate courses now being offered. However, categoriza- tion of the courses shows considerable diversity in both content and sequence. Further, there is no consistency among the various institutions in their requirements for computer-related experiences prior to teacher certification.
Consortia in Postsecondary Education
Authors: Konrad Abram G. , Small James M.
Published: April 2021

This article presents the concept of consortia as formal collaborative arrange- ments between institutions, which are designed to enhance academic programs or other services provided. Forty years of experience in the United States are reviewed through the literature, and a synopsis of consortia in Canada is presented. From this review, some "pros and cons" of consortia are raised. Advantages include: reducing duplication, improving quality, increasing program diversity, increasing accessibility, financial advancement, improving communication and more effective planning and control. Cautions raised include: lack of trust, unequal commitment by members, undue emphasis on reducing costs, lack of clear expectations, mismatching membership and mission and irrelevant structure and theory. The authors conclude that the promise of consortia is such that more detailed study of Canadian consortia is warranted.
Educational Financing in Canada 1970-71 to 1984-85: Who Calls the Tune, Who Pays the Piper?
Authors: Decore Anne Marie , Pannu Raj S.
Published: April 2021

This study examines changes in educational financing since 1970- 71, looking at provincial differences in funding in relation to GDP, total government expendi- tures, enrolments and funding for elementary-secondary and tertiary schooling, as well as in relation to the funds contributed by each level of government. Since the late 1970's reductions have occurred in constant dollar per student expenditures at both elementary—secondary and university levels. In contrast to the early to late 1970's when provinces contributed ever larger proportions of the necessary funds, since that time both federal and municipal governments have been forced to increase their share of educational funding. These changes are examined not just in terms of intergovernmental relations but more importantly in terms of the fiscal crisis of the state.
Postgraduate Engineering Education in Canada: Responses to Industrial Needs
Authors: Kavanagh Robert J.
Published: April 2021

Postgraduate engineering education in Canada was relatively late in its development but has matured rapidly in recent years. In the course of this development there has been a gradual evolution of engineering postgraduate degree programs away from the science model and towards a structure which reflects the different orientation of engineering education and research. This paper reviews the development of postgraduate engineering education at Canadian universities and discusses some of the current issues facing engineering educators. The needs of Canadian industry for highly qualified engineering graduates are increasing as competition from other countries intensifies. The paper reviews and gives examples of actions which the universities, industry and governments have taken in order to improve the calibre of postgraduate engineering education in Canada and to respond to the needs of Canadian industry for highly qualified engineers.
Teaching and Learning in Higher Education in Canada: Changes over the Last Decade
Authors: Donald Janet G.
Published: April 2021

No abstract
Leisure as a Field of Study in Higher Education
Authors: Mazurek Kas` , Dawson Don
Published: April 2021

Leisure Studies is an emerging field of study in higher education, which is engaged in a struggle for academic legitimacy in Canada and elsewhere. The field and its research endeavours can be said to be characterized by a lack of paradigmatic maturity which may best be resolved by the philosophical questioning of the fundamental principles underlying its discourse. Toward this end, a metaphysics of leisure study is urged. In this way, a distinct identity for the field may develop. Leisure Studies, finally, is not an academic "discipline", but rather a multidisciplinary field of study distinguished by its substantive area of inquiry. The present paper is most directly a commentary on the state of Leisure Studies and research in Canadian universities, but many of its observations apply to the U.S.A. and Britain as well.
An ethnographie study of students' oral performance in the mixed francophone- anglophone university classroom
Authors: Tomlinson Timothy
Published: April 2021

Mixedfrancophone-anglophone classes have become an important, yet controversial feature of post-secondary education in Canada. However, arguments concerning the suitability (or lack thereof) of these classes have not been based on empirical research documenting what actually occurs in them. This paper describes an ethnographic case study which begins to address this need. The study examines the relationship between students' use of French and English in five mixed classes at a bilingual university and their access to subject-matter knowledge and social networks. Initial analyses reveal that language brokerage is an important process in two of the classes observed. In order to illustrate how this process works, an excerpt of classroom interaction is presented. The broader implications of language brokers are then discussed, with reference to recent work on mixed classes in Franco-Ontarian elementary and secondary schools. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research and a consideration of some policy implications of mixed classes.
Adaptation a un environnement en mutation: Accords et dissensions dans le secteur de l’enseignement postsecondaire quebecois
Authors: Crespo Manuel , Hache Jean B.
Published: April 2021

La crise budgetaire a mene a de pressantes interrogations sur la politique de democratization des institutions d’enseignement postsecondaire, sur l’adequation entre leurs programmes et les besoins du marche et sur leur dependence a l’egard des dinances de l’Etat. A partir des perceptions de gestionnaires, cette recherché decrit les zones de consensus et de dissention dance les choix des insitutions d’enseignement postsecondaire quebecoises de langue francaise et de langue anglaise. Les gestionnaires de ces institutions d’entendent sur des objectifs d’adapation a l’environnement. Cependant, contrairement a l’oreintation des gestionnaires universitaires, leurs homologues des cegeps poursuivent ces objectifs en s’alignant advantage sur les priorities gouvernementales et en liberalisant leurs politiques d’admission. Certaines differences dans les choix institutionnels apparaissent selon la langue de l’institution. En general, les analyses trivariees en controlant le sexe, l’age et la scolarite des repondants, ne se sont pas averees significatives. L’article conclut sure une discussion des consequences possibles des choix institutionnels.
Position Description Analysis: A Method for Describing Academic Roles and Functions
Authors: Renner K. Edward , Skibbens Ronald J.
Published: April 2021

Similar to the 1960s, higher education is once again in a period of rapid social chance in which new demands and expectations are being made on colleges and universities. This time, however, new money is not available for the transition to be achieved though additional growth. In this paper, the methodology of Position Description Analysis is presented using Dalhousie University as a case study. Position Description Analysis is a tool for assessing the discrepancy between the status quo and the specializations needed for colleges and universities to meet the new demands and expectations which are being made of them. It is concluded that there is a need for dramatic realignement of fields of specialization in order to shift from the emphases of the past to those of the future. However, because the faculty higher in the 1960s are now tenure, but no due to retire until after the year 2000, higher education must find internal strategies for chance or face externally imposed solution to their current lack of flexibility.
Exit, Voice, Loyalty and Neglect as Student Responses to Dissatisfaction: An Act Frequency Approach
Authors: Mahaffey Tom , Neut Dean , Taylor Alison
Published: April 2021

An important task in higher education is the provision of an abstract theoretical model capable of integrating various student responses to dissatisfaction. Drawing upon recent work in the social sciences, we propose exit, voice, loyalty and neglect (EVLN) as a parsimonious means of understanding the relationships among the different responses to dissatisfaction. We use an act frequency approach to develop and validate the EVLN constructs as a preliminary first step toward future predictive theory.
The Future of the University: A Contingency Analysis of Professors' Perspectives
Authors: Crespo Manuel , Acevedo Doris
Published: April 2021

Within the framework of contingency theory, the impact of environmental and organizational variables on professors' perspectives on the future of the university is analyzed. The sample consists of 1 225 university professors of all Québec universities who answered a survey questionnaire in the fall of 1984 and the winter of 1985. More than two thirds of respondents (76,2%) advocate a greater selectivity in university admissions. A majority (55,4%) agree with a market orientation of universities. Approximately 90% are in favour of the search for non-governmental funds. Almost two thirds (63,7%) think that less viable departments should be protected. A strong majority (80,7%) support a closing of the technological gap of Québec society. Finally, 80% favour greater university autonomy. Regression analyses show that area of specialization of department is related to all future issues, while language of department is related to four of them. Organizational variables, particularly decline, did not prove to be decisive factors in determining professors' perspectives. With the exception of sex, control variables were not consistently related to future issues.
A Survey Tool, Retrenchment Blues and a Career Alternatives Program
Authors: Renner K. Edward
Published: April 2021

Two-thirds of the faculty of Canadian universities will reach the traditional retirement age of 65 between the years 2000 to 2010. As a result there will be little academic or financial flexibility for at least another decade. A questionnaire is presented as a tool for measuring the personal and professional characteristics of this age group with respect to three considerations: (1) their level of career satisfaction, (2) their interest in a career alternatives program, and (3) their plans to retire either before or by the age of 65 or to continue to work after 65 if mandatory retirement is abolished. A significant proportion of academic faculty are no longer finding satisfaction in their academic work and would consider an alternative career if that were feasible. Those who are not interested in leaving academic life early tend to be happy and productive. A career alternatives program could be an effective way to begin the renewal process within higher education now, not after the year 2000.