bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gouverner la dissidence. Sociologie de la censure sous régime autoritaire : le cas du rock contestataire biélorusse
Authors: Kryzhanouski Yauheni
Published: August 2017

Les résultats d’une enquête empirique menée sur la politisation du rock contestataire biélorusse durant la période 1983-2013 permettent de cerner la transformation des modalités de la censure dans un régime autoritaire post-soviétique. La censure est envisagée ici d’un point de vue inclusif et structural comme l’élément d’un système plus général de « gestion de la dissidence » qui ne se résume pas aux méthodes répressives immédiates, mais possède aussi des dimensions implicites, invisibles et non restrictives. Il apparaît dès lors, d’une part, que le phénomène revêt dans les régimes autoritaires contemporains un caractère plus informel, diffus et imprévisible, et que la censure économique y est de plus en plus importante ; d’autre part, que les activités, les producteurs et les produits culturels censurés se politisent systématiquement ; enfin, que le volet restrictif de la censure s’accompagne de dispositifs d’encadrement et de cooptation des activités culturelles contestataires.
Les élections éthiopiennes de 2015 : un drame en trois actes pour l’opposition libérale multinationale
Authors: Bach Jean-Nicolas
Published: August 2017

Les élections générales éthiopiennes de 2015 ont été largement considérées au pire comme un non-événement, au mieux comme un événement dont le dénouement, à savoir la victoire du parti au pouvoir, l’EPRDF, était connu d’avance. De fait, cette victoire a bien eu lieu (avec 100 % des sièges remportés). Cependant, pour les formations partisanes de l’opposition, l’échéance électorale de 2015 a constitué un tournant majeur, surtout pour la branche qui avait connu un succès historique aux élections de 2005 et que nous qualifions ici d’opposition libérale multinationale. La victoire totale de l'EPRDF en 2015 signifie en effet pour elle la fin d’un rêve, celui de s’unir pour reproduire le succès électoral de 2005. Cette analyse entend expliquer un tel échec et en tirer les enseignements quant à la nature et au fonctionnement du système de partis éthiopien, à savoir la fragmentation continue de cette branche depuis le début des années 1990 et la pertinence à penser le champ partisan selon un clivage multinational/ethnonational au-delà duquel toute alliance semble compromise.
Expérience de terrain d’une cellule d’urgence médico-psychologique pédopsychiatrique
Authors: Askenazy Florence
Published: August 2017

Le 14 juin 2016 à Nice a eu lieu une attaque terroriste de masse très violente qui a touché un grand nombre d’enfants et leurs familles. Une cump (cellule d’urgence médico-psychologique) multidisciplinaire pédopsychiatrique a été ouverte pour la population. Elle a permis, dès la première nuit, de proposer une écoute pédopsychiatrique au sein d’un hôpital pédiatrique. Il s’agit d’une expérience unique où le travail d’urgence a pu s’effectuer en respectant l’intimité des personnes dans un cadre sécurisant tant pour les enfants que pour les soignants fortement sollicités émotionnellement dans ces contextes. De l’autre côté, nous décrivons un travail sur site lors de l’attaque, quelques mois plus tard, dans un lycée de Grasse. Ces deux modalités interrogent sur nos missions et sur la nécessité de l’engagement dans l’organisation cump des personnels des secteurs de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent.
Traumas sexuels et adolescence
Authors: Lemitre Samuel
Published: August 2017

Les deux principaux profils cliniques de mineurs auteurs d’agression sexuelle correspondent à deux modalités d’expression symptomatiques généralement observées dans les traumas complexes. Cela conduit l’auteur à défendre l’idée que la clinique des violences sexuelles est une clinique du trauma qui, sans un accompagnement adéquat, peut conduire au glissement transgénérationnel des matériaux traumatiques et à une répétition des violences sexuelles. Le bouleversement pubertaire remet en effet les enjeux du sexuel au premier plan. Il fait circuler plus d’énergie pulsionnelle au sein du système familial et crée un contexte favorable à la réactivation des traumas sexuels parentaux non résolus. L’enfant peut alors apparaître comme une menace à l’équilibre familial et contribuer à un changement de paradigme relationnel parent/enfant. L’effet déstructurant de ces dynamiques nouvelles est d’autant plus fort lorsqu’un mécanisme d’identification à l’agresseur est à l’oeuvre car celui-ci participe à une véritable « confusion des places » auteur/victime. Dans un tel contexte, le risque d’une réactualisation du script violent est majeur. C’est sur la base de constats cliniques empiriques et de cas illustrés que l’auteur met en lumière ces enjeux psychopathologiques.
Les détours du trauma lors de la prise en charge des mineurs isolés étrangers
Authors: Minassian Sevan , Touhami Fatima , Radjack Rahmethnissah , Baubet Thierry , Moro Marie Rose
Published: August 2017

Les mineurs isolés étrangers sont une catégorie de jeunes de plus en plus rencontrée par les intervenants de la protection de l’enfance. Un certain nombre d’entre eux souffrent de pathologies post-traumatiques complexes, et nécessitent une prise en charge spécifique. Dans le cadre du dispositif transculturel Natmie de la Maison de Solenn, ces patients s’inscrivent dans un processus de soin qui tient compte d’une temporalité psychique différente de leur réalité externe, de leur incapacité à dire, et de la nécessité de les protéger de la redite du trauma. À travers un exemple clinique, nous analysons les différentes étapes d’une telle prise en charge, les objets de médiation et de support élaboratif utilisés, et la place accordée à l’éducateur référent lors du suivi.
Le Japon prémoderne : une société de statuts. Réflexions sur quatre décennies de débats
Authors: Morishita Tôru
Published: August 2017

Les conceptions de la société d’ordres sous le shogounat des Tokugawa ont longtemps été dominées par la quadripartition entre guerriers / paysans / artisans / marchands, une représentation inégalitaire et hiérarchisée issue de la pensée chinoise. Jusqu’à une période récente, ces statuts sociaux étaient considérés surtout comme des instruments de pouvoir et de coercition, forgés par le régime guerrier pour établir sa domination et exploiter les groupes assujettis à des formes spécifiques de service. Cependant, à partir des années 1980, des historiens ont de plus en plus insisté sur l’importance du rôle joué par les populations et les groupes sociaux eux-mêmes, dans l’apparition et l’affirmation des statuts sociaux auxquels ils étaient identifiés. L’accent a été mis aussi sur lien intime entre statut et droits de propriété. En revenant sur les débats entre historiens japonais à propos de cette question des statuts sociaux depuis les années 1970, l’article suit l’évolution de cette notion même de « statut » ( mibun ) dans une historiographie où la réflexion sur les nomenclatures sociales et les modes d’incorporation dans l’espace public ont continué jusque récemment à alimenter des débats aussi riches qu’animés.
Naissance des guerriers des temps prémodernes : la séparation entre guerriers et paysans à Ōmi
Authors: Makihara Shigeyuki
Published: August 2017

À la fin du xvi e siècle, la province d’Ōmi fut le théâtre de bouleversements socio-politiques décisifs pour l’histoire postérieure du Japon tout entier. Avec la conquête de la province par Oda Nobunaga et Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Ōmi devint le lieu d’expérimentation d’une redéfinition des statuts sociaux, et des rapports entre l’autorité guerrière et les populations rurales, prélude de mesures qui furent appliquées dans tout l’archipel après la réunification du Japon. En retraçant le destin d’une maison de petits seigneurs de cette province, les Idomura, entre la fin du xvi e siècle et le début du xvii e  siècle, l’article décrit le processus de séparation des conditions guerrière et paysannes, qui aboutit à la période d’Edo au retrait des samouraïs des campagnes, et à l’apparition de nouvelles formes de propriété foncière dans les villages.
Identidades en la migración
Authors: Clua i Fainé Montserrat , Sánchez García José
Published: August 2017

Los jóvenes catalanes en Londres construyen su propia identidad como inmigrantes en estrecha dialéctica entre los imaginarios sobre la inmigración de su país de origen y las percepciones de los ingleses sobre ellos. Ante el estigma negativo asociado a la categoría «inmigrante» no todos se reconocen como tales. Algunos simplemente rechazan reconocerse en esta categoría, mientras que otros utilizan como estrategia la proyección de los prejuicios sobre los inmigrantes hacia los españoles, de los cuales se distancian al establecer la distinción entre catalanes y españoles.
Dejarlo todo y empezar desde cero: el caso de muchos
Authors: Matencio Boixeda Núria , Vilela Marta M.
Published: August 2017

¿Cuáles con los motivos que empujan a los jóvenes a buscar oportunidades fuera de su país? ¿Es el contexto social-económico de crisis la razón principal? ¿Qué espera la sociedad de estos jóvenes? A estas alturas muchos son los jóvenes que nos pueden hablar de su experiencia y con cada uno las respuestas serán distintas. Este artículo plantea a modo de experiencia etnográfica lo que significa empezar desde cero en un entorno distinto. Habla de tomar las riendas solo en otro país, de miedos, dudas y perseverancia sin olvidarnos de la convivencia entre la sed por lo nuevo y la añoranza por lo de siempre. Habla de las emociones encontradas durante el proceso e incluso cuando tienes la sensación de haberlo conseguido, ya que, seguramente, lo más difícil acaba siendo decidir volver y, finalmente, volver.
Caravanas de mujeres en España: migraciones, soltería y desigualdades
Authors: Bodoque Puerta Yolanda
Published: August 2017

Se presentan los datos de una investigación etnográfica sobre las caravanas de mujeres en España. Estos singulares acontecimientos están teniendo lugar hace ya algunos años en territorios geográficamente diferenciados y con variados desarrollos históricos, socioeconómicos y demográficos. Se trata de encuentros preparados entre hombres y mujeres que buscan activamente pareja y que nos parecen interesantes porque nos informan sobre: 1) la despoblación, masculinización y soltería en el medio rural; 2) las áreas rurales como contextos de oportunidad para mujeres migrantes y el impacto que estas generan; 3) la reproducción de formas tradicionales de cortejo; y 4) las desigualdades sociales que ponen en evidencia estos encuentros cuestionados por mostrar activamente la búsqueda de pareja.
El paradigma discursivo en torno a la «víctima de trata». Intervención social con mujeres dominicanas en Puerto Rico
Authors: Alcázar-Campos Ana , Cabezas Amalia L.
Published: August 2017

En este artículo queremos exponer algunos avances de una investigación que estamos llevando a cabo sobre el trabajo que realizan las mujeres dominicanas en cantinas en Puerto Rico y el acceso de estas al sistema de protección social estadounidense. Nos hemos acercado a esta realidad utilizando la metodología etnográfica, haciendo trabajo de campo en 2014. En este ámbito nos ha interesado el discurso producido por agentes gubernamentales y no gubernamentales encargados de velar por el bienestar de las poblaciones más vulnerables, denominadas así en tanto que resultado de procesos que las conducen a situaciones de vulnerabilidad. En concreto, pensando que, en tanto que población en movimiento en situaciones de explotación, estas mujeres podrían tener acceso a los recursos relativos a la trata de personas, nos hemos acercado al sistema de atención a las «víctimas» de trata
Considerando que no se puede entender la trata sin conectarla con regulaciones internacionales que proyectan unas ideologías y definiciones específicas sobre quién es considerado víctima de trata y quién no, nos interesa especialmente la traducción práctica de esas directrices. Veremos cómo ambos elementos, las regulaciones y su aplicación práctica, a través de la construcción de la categoría «victima de trata», invisibilizan a las mujeres dominicanas de clase trabajadora y racializadas, a pesar de su amplia presencia en el país y de encontrarse insertas en espacios de explotación laboral.
Imaginarios situados: contribuciones del análisis audiovisual a la comprensión de la adopción
Authors: Grau Rebollo Jorge
Published: August 2017

En este artículo reflexiono acerca de los nuevos conocimientos que la investigación audiovisual podría aportar al ámbito de los estudios en adopción internacional y en cómo sus resultados pueden iluminar nuevas formas de aproximarse al problema. Para ello, parto de la centralidad de los imaginarios culturales en la adopción internacional y de la fecundidad de la investigación audiovisual en antropología para su mejor comprensión. De este modo, considero los itinerarios adoptivos como contextos culturalmente situados que visibilizan ideologías populares y pueden devenir imaginarios fundacionales que reclaman la imbricación de la investigación académica con una comprensión etnográfica más general de estas ideologías y representaciones culturales.
La Chute du ciel: un pas-de-deux entre un chamán y un antropólogo
Authors: Giobellina Brumana Fernando
Published: August 2017

Este artículo es producto de la lectura de un libro aparecido hace poco tiempo y que ha sido saludado por algunos destacados antropólogos como un hito en la literatura de la disciplina. Se trata del mensaje, del largo mensaje, de un chamán yanomami que, desde su reducto amazónico, nos habla a nosotros, los blancos; lo hace por intermedio de un antropólogo francés con el que había mantenido hasta entonces una larga relación etnográfica. El mensaje se articula en varios planos: una cosmología de un barroquismo abrumador, una historia de vida de gran riqueza, una etnografía salvaje del mundo blanco y el acta de acusación contra el peligro de aniquilación universal que entraña la penetración de los blancos en la vida amazónica. Tras la presentación algo demorada del libro, el artículo se interroga sobre la relación chamán-etnólogo que subyace a esta obra tan ambiciosa y sobre la no tan sorprendente equivalencia entre la acusación del primero y la ideología de repudio de nosotros mismos tan frecuente en nuestros medios.
Hidrología mítica wixarika
Authors: Medina Miranda Héctor M.
Published: August 2017

El artículo describe y analiza la mitología wixarika acerca de los ríos, las aguas marítimas y las precipitaciones pluviales. Asimismo, aborda las preocupaciones que suscita, en dicha mitología, la construcción de dos presas hidroeléctricas: una que ya ha sido edificada en Aguamilpa y otra que muy pronto se levantará en el río San Pedro.
El lenguaje del atún, una creación sociocultural mediterránea
Authors: Llorca Ibi Francesc Xavier
Published: August 2017

El lenguaje del atún es un argot creado por el conjunto de profesionales que intervienen en las labores de captura y procesamiento de los túnidos. Este grupo sociolaboral, formado por comunidades humildes, ha sido históricamente discriminado por el resto de los estamentos sociales, factor que ayudó a la construcción de un léxico particular. A esto hay que añadir que, en el repertorio de voces almadraberas, hubo una importante contribución de grupos migrantes de pescadores de lenguas diversas, otro hecho que marcó la singularidad de estos profesionales frente a otros hablantes. Así pues, el estudio de los términos que forman este lenguaje, como también su contexto social e histórico, nos permitirá visualizar las relaciones de cooperación e intervención cultural, tecnológica, económica y lingü.stica que unas comunidades realizaron sobre otras dando lugar a un símbolo de la cultura mediterránea, el lenguaje del atún.
Las cencerradas. Transmisión oral, circunstancias y lógica festiva de un género efímero
Authors: Mañero Lozano David
Published: August 2017

El presente estudio examina las cencerradas atendiendo, en primer lugar, a las actas de procesos judiciales, las noticias de prensa y las obras literarias que contienen referencias a esta manifestación cultural. Según se deduce de este análisis, el corpus literario transmitido a través de la escritura tiene un carácter incompleto y desvirtuado, que evidencia la necesidad de estudiar el género a partir de las muestras orales. A este respecto, se plantean algunas observaciones metodológicas relacionadas con las investigaciones de campo y el contexto en el que se incardinan las composiciones analizadas, para destacar seguidamente el enfoque satírico de las composiciones orales, así como su tipología textual —conformada por una modalidad dialogada— y una segunda manifestación en la que un sujeto poético toma la voz para formular una condena social en nombre de la comunidad a la que pertenece.
Cristiani e non più cristiani. Il problema storico del nomen apostatarum
Authors: Saggioro Alessandro
Published: August 2017

L'articolo tratta la questione della definizione giuridica dell'apostasia individuando due fasi storiche ben precise, quella della persecuzione di Decio, con una disamina dei significati individuabili nelle opere di Cipriano, e quella dell'impero cristiano, in cui nel Codice Teodosiano si rinvengono alcune norme persecutorie contro gli apostati, ma solo alla fine di un processo prolungato si individua una definizione nominale del nomen apostatarum.
Le prince chrétien a-t-il le pouvoir de convertir les juifs ? Normes juridiques et discours théologiques sur la coercition religieuse (XIIIe-XIVe siècles)
Authors: Marmursztejn Elsa
Published: August 2017

La controverse des XIIIe et XIVe siècles sur le baptême forcé des enfants juifs permet de saisir les normes et les mots qui alimentent alors les conceptions théologiques sur la capacité politique de coercition religieuse. C’est dans une optique normative, nonobstant leurs divergences de vues, que les théologiens ont traité de la licéité du baptême et donc de l’enlèvement des enfants juifs, en évaluant les effets juridiques de la sujétion et surtout de la servitude de leurs parents. La discussion sur la possibilité de dissoudre les unions serviles semble avoir fourni un point d’appui important à leur réflexion, profondément enracinée dans le contexte politique contemporain. De façon générale, les théologiens ont adopté le langage du droit et mis en œuvre divers matériaux juridiques pour mesurer – et plus souvent restreindre – le pouvoir de convertir.
Conversion religieuse et législation islamique : sur l’apostasie et la réconciliation (Espagne, XVe siècle)
Authors: Echevarria Ana
Published: August 2017

La production de normes légales relatives aux convertis à l’islam durant la période antérieure aux conversions massives en péninsule Ibérique (avant 1502) est rare, en partie parce qu’aucun des acteurs ne souhaite reconnaître que ces défections religieuses se produisent. Cependant, diverses sources de droit islamique, soit destinées aux chrétiens, soit à l’usage interne des communautés mudéjares, abordent le sujet dans une perspective pratique. Ces sources montrent un traitement différent de la conversion, selon que le converti est un homme ou une femme, afin de régler des cas concrets. Il ne s’agit donc pas d’un droit théorique mais d’une conception très pratique de la matière légale. Le Llibre de la suna e xara de los moros (vers 1464) traite exclusivement de la situation et des droits des femmes dont le mari se convertit au christianisme ; les titres 13 et 64 des Leyes de moros castillanes (vers 1420) concernent la femme qui se convertit, et précisent comment elle doit revenir à sa religion. On montre qu’ils ont été utilisés pour juger un procès au milieu du XVe siècle. Enfin, le Breviario sunni d’Yça de Segovia (vers 1462) présente des normes fondées sur le droit islamique traditionnel, sans distinctions selon le genre du converti. L’étude comparée de ces sources permet d’approcher le vocabulaire de ceux qui se convertissent (mais pas celui des communautés obligeant à la conversion), les modalités de l’intervention normative et la relation entre le droit positif et théorique et la pratique juridique, ainsi que les effets sociaux de ces mesures.
Conversion et droit confessionnel dans le Saint-Empire romain germanique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)
Authors: Duhamelle Christophe
Published: August 2017

Inscrites dans les ambiguïtés de la coexistence confessionnelle du Saint-Empire, les normes gouvernant la conversion entre catholiques et protestants ne sont devenues un « droit » que progressivement, par évitement du droit canonique et construction de garanties juridiques calquées sur les statuts politiques ; elles ne se confondent donc pas avec les prescriptions des Églises. Réservé d’abord aux princes, ce droit ne se généralise que dans des limites et des conditions variables, étroitement liées aux contextes impérial et local. L’article retrace cette évolution, jalonnée par les deux paix de religion de 1555 et de 1648, puis décrit, à partir d’un ouvrage de J. J. Moser, l’état du droit après la paix de Westphalie. Le débat sur « l’âge de discrétion » montre toutefois le réemploi tacite de débats anciens sous les auspices nouveaux d’un droit exclusivement impérial.
Using Learning Analytics to Support Engagement in Collaborative Writing
Authors: Liu Ming , Pardo Abelardo , Liu Li
Published: August 2017

Online collaborative writing tools provide an efficient way to complete a writing task. However, existing tools only focus on technological affordances and ignore the importance of social affordances in a collaborative learning environment. This article describes a learning analytic system that analyzes writing behaviors, and creates visualizations incorporating individual engagement awareness and group ranking awareness (social affordance), and review writing behaviour history (technological affordance), to support student engagement. Studies examined the performance of the system used by university students in two collaborative writing activities: collaboratively writing a project proposal (N = 41) and writing tutorial discussion answers (N = 25). Results show that students agreed with what the visualization conveys and visualizations enhance their engagement in a collaborative writing activity. In addition, students stated that the visualizations were useful to help them reflect on the writing process and support the assessment of individual contributions.
A Test Sheet Optimization Approach to Supporting Web-based Learning Diagnosis Using Group Testing Methods
Authors: Wang Chu-Fu , Lin Chih-Lung , Hwang Gwo-Jen , Kung Sheng-Pin , Chen Shin-Feng
Published: August 2017

Assessment can help teachers to examine the effectiveness of teaching and to diagnose the unfamiliar basic concepts (or attributes) of students within the testing scope. A web-based adaptive testing and diagnostic system can achieve the above objective efficiently and correctly. From a diagnostic point of view, the major concerns are to diagnose whether or not an examinee has learned each basic concept well in the testing scope, while also limiting the number of test items used (the testing length) to as few as possible, which will be directly related to the patience of the examinee. In this paper, we consider a test item selecting optimization diagnostic problem to reveal the mastery profile of an examinee (that is, to diagnose each basic concept's learning status (well learned/unfamiliar) in the testing scope) with a short testing length and a limited test item exposure rate. This paper uses the techniques of Group Testing theory for the design of our test item selecting algorithm. Two test item selecting strategies, the bisecting method and the doubling method, are proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed methods was evaluated by experimental simulations. The results show that both of the proposed algorithms use fewer test items and a limited test item exposure rate compared to the conventional methods.
Inclusion of propylene glycol in the diet of sheep and its effect on their lambs’ protein and mineral metabolites
Authors: Santos Rogério Pereira dos , Macedo Junior Gilberto De Lima , Silva Simone Pedro da , Sousa Luciano Fernandes de , Andrade Marina Elizabeth Barbosa
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of propylene glycol (PG) added to the water sheep drank during lactation on protein and mineral metabolites of their suckling lambs. We assessed 24 lambs born to sheep fed levels of propylene glycol in the water (0; 1.5; 3.0 and 4.5%). The sheep were subdivided according to a completely randomized design, in a split-plot scheme. There was no interaction effect between lamb age and amount of PG provided to the sheep on the concentration of protein and mineral metabolites of the lambs. The concentration of total protein, globulin, and albumin: globulin ratio, uric acid and creatinine in the lambs was not affected by the inclusion of PG (p > 0.05). The concentration of urea and magnesium in the lambs presented a quadratic response as a function of the addition of PG; there was linear response for albumin concentration. The addition of PG to the sheep’s diet and the lambs’ age affect the concentration of protein and mineral metabolites in the lambs. However, using PG to feed lactating sheep does not have negative effects on the lambs’ blood parameters, as evidenced by the absence of nutritional deficiency (protein and minerals) in the suckling lambs.
Digestibility and physico-chemical characteristics of acid silage meal made of pirarucu waste in diets for commercial laying hens
Authors: Batalha Oscarina De Souza , Alfaia Sonia Sena , Cruz Frank George Guimarães , Jesus Rogério Souza de , Rufino João Paulo Ferreira , Costa Valcely Rocha
Published: August 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of acid silage meal made of pirarucu waste in diets for commercial laying hens on apparent digestibility and energy metabolism. Seventy-two Hisex White hens with 71 weeks of age were assigned to a completely randomized with two treatments (control diet and diet with 3% pirarucu waste acid silage) with six replicates of six birds each. The ensiled biomass was light brown in color, showing acidified aroma; creamy consistency; 4.38±0.11 pH; 84.16% dry matter; 40.06% crude protein; 26.82% ether extract; 9.31% mineral matter, 65.16 g kg-1 calcium and 22.90 g kg-1 phosphorus. Differences (p > 0.05) were detected in digestibility of crude protein, non-fiber carbohydrates (soluble carbohydrates), etherextract, mineral matter, metabolizable energy and metabolizable energy coefficient. Our results indicate that the acid silage mealmade of pirarucu waste can be included up to 3% in diets for laying hens, showing satisfactory nutrient digestibility and potential to be used as an energy source.
Manipulating Glucose Metabolism during Different Stages of Viral Pathogenesis Can Have either Detrimental or Beneficial Effects
Authors: Varanasi Siva Karthik , Donohoe Dallas , Jaggi Ujjaldeep , Rouse Barry T.
Published: August 2017

This report deals with physiological changes and their implication following ocular infection with HSV. This infection usually results in a blinding inflammatory reaction in the cornea, orchestrated mainly by proinflammatory CD4 T cells and constrained in severity by regulatory T cells. In the present report, we make the unexpected finding that blood glucose levels change significantly during the course of infection. Whereas levels remained normal during the early phase of infection when the virus was actively replicating in the cornea, they increased around 2-fold during the time when inflammatory responses to the virus was occurring. We could show that glucose levels influenced the extent of induction of the inflammatory T cell subset in vitro that mainly drives lesions, but not regulatory T cells. Additionally, if glucose utilization was limited in vivo as a consequence of therapy in the inflammatory phase with the drug 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG), lesions were diminished compared with untreated infected controls. In addition, lesions in 2DG-treated animals contained less proinflammatory effectors. Glucose metabolism also influenced the acute phase of infection when the replicating virus was present in the eye. Thus, therapy with 2DG to limit glucose utilization caused mice to become susceptible to the lethal effects of HSV infection, with the virus spreading to the brain causing encephalitis. Taken together, our results indicate that glucose metabolism changed during the course of HSV infection and that modulating glucose levels can influence the outcome of infection, being detrimental or beneficial according to the stage of viral pathogenesis.
Extracellular MicroRNAs Induce Potent Innate Immune Responses via TLR7/MyD88-Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Feng Yan , Zou Lin , Yan Dan , Chen Hongliang , Xu Ganqiong , Jian Wenling , Cui Ping , Chao Wei
Published: August 2017

Tissue ischemia, such as transient myocardial ischemia, leads to release of cellular RNA including microRNA(miRNA) into the circulation and extracellular (ex-) space, but the biological function of the ex-RNA is poorly understood. We recently reported that cardiac RNA of both human and rodent origins induced cytokine production and immune cell activation. However, the identity of the ex-RNA responsible for the proinflammatory effect remains unclear. In the current study, using an miRNA array, we profiled the plasma miRNAs 4 h after transient myocardial ischemia (45 min) or sham procedure. Among 38 plasma miRNAs that were elevated following ischemia, eight were tested for their ability to induce cytokine response in macrophages and cardiomyocytes. We found that six miRNA mimics (miR-34a, -122, -133a, -142, -146a, and -208a) induced cytokine production in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of miRNAs (miR-133a, -146a, and -208a) were diminished by uridine→adenosine mutation and by RNase pretreatment. The miRNA-induced cytokine (MIP-2, TNF-α, and IL-6) production was abolished in cells deficient of TLR7 or MyD88, or by a TLR7 antagonist, but remained the same in TLR3- or Trif-deficient cells. In vivo, mice i.p. injected with miR-133a or miR-146a had marked peritoneal neutrophil and monocyte migration, which was significantly attenuated in TLR7−/− mice. Moreover, locked nucleic acid anti-miRNA inhibitors of these six miRNAs markedly reduced cardiac RNA-induced cytokine production. Taken together, these data demonstrate that ex-miRNA mimics (miR-34a, -122, -133a, -142, -146a, and -208a) are potent innate immune activators and that the miRNAs most likely induce cytokine production and leukocyte migration through TLR7 signaling.
Knowledge of type 2 diabetic patients about their condition in Kimpese Hospital diabetic clinic, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Ntontolo Patrick N. , Lukanu Philippe N. , Ogunbanjo Gboyega A. , Fina Jean-Pierre L. , Kintaudi Léon N.M.
Published: August 2017

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide increasing health problem of which type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent. Previously considered as a problem of industrialised countries, diabetes is currently a huge concern in developing countries and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is one of the sub-Saharan countries with a high prevalence rate of diabetes. Deficit of knowledge has already been shown to be one of the barriers preventing diabetic patients from controlling their disease.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of type 2 diabetic patients seen at the Institut Médical Evangélique (IME) Kimpese Hospital diabetic clinic, DRC, and the factors associated with their knowledge.Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 184 respondents was conducted at the diabetic clinic of the IME Kimpese Hospital, DRC. We administered a pre-tested questionnaire. Out of a total of 10, scores of < 5, 5 to < 7, and ≥ 7 were classified as ‘poor knowledge’, ‘moderate knowledge’ and ‘good knowledge’, respectively, according to expert consensus. All statistical tests were performed using p < 0.05 as the level of statistical significance.Results: The mean age of respondents was 57.5 years (s.d. ± 1.4, ranging from 40 to 83 years), with 56% being male. The mean diabetes knowledge score was poor: 3.2 out of a total of 10 (s.d. ± 1.7), with the range between 0.2 and 7.7. The majority of respondents (72.3%) had poor general knowledge about diabetes mellitus. Respondents also scored poorly in areas of the causes (35.6%), risk factors (39.3%), clinical features (34.9%), complications (20.5%) and management (42.4%) of diabetes mellitus. Using the student t-test analysis, it was found that age (p = 0.001), gender (p = 0.002), educational level (p = 0.007) and duration of disease (p = 0.032) were significantly associated with poor knowledge of diabetes mellitus.Conclusions: Knowledge of diabetes mellitus among type 2 diabetic patients seen at our setting was poor. Areas of deficiency and factors associated with knowledge of diabetes were identified. Our findings suggest the need for a health education intervention programme for our diabetic patients.
Case Report: Infectious Diseases in Pilgrims Visiting the Holy Land
Authors: Nitzan Orna , Blum Arnon , Marva Esther , Katz Adina , Tzadok Bat-Sheva , Nachum-Biala Yaarit , Baneth Gad , Peretz Avi
Published: August 2017

Every year Christian pilgrims from around the world visit the holy sites located around the Sea of Galilee. Some become ill during their stay with infectious diseases that were acquired in their country of origin, and are hospitalized at Poriya Medical Center. They pose a diagnostic challenge due to language barriers, the rarity of these infections in Israel, and the fact that diagnostic tests are not readily available. All patient records from 2015 of Holy Land tourists hospitalized at Poriya Medical Center were screened for the diagnosis of imported zoonotic diseases that are not commonly diagnosed in Israel. Three patients who were on a Holy Land tour were hospitalized during 2015 with laboratory-confirmed diagnostically challenging zoonotic infectious diseases: a 91-year-old priest from Ethiopia diagnosed with relapsing fever due to Borrelia recurrentis, an 85-year-old retired mountaineer from New Hampshire diagnosed with human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and a 57-year-old farmer from central Brazil diagnosed with leptospirosis. These case reports emphasize the importance of considering imported zoonotic infectious diseases and obtaining appropriate diagnostic tests when treating Holy Land travelers to Israel.
Comparative Evaluation of Neem Mouthwash on Plaque and Gingivitis: A Double-blind Crossover Study
Authors: Dhanya RS , Adarsh VJ , Jalaluddin Md , Rajasekaran UB , Sudeep CB
Published: August 2017

Aim

The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of neemcontaining mouthwash on plaque and gingivitis.

Materials and methods

This randomized, double-blinded, crossover clinical trial included 40 participants aged 18 to 35 years with washout period of 1 week between the crossover phases. A total of 20 participants, each randomly allocated into groups I and II, wherein in the first phase, group I was provided with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and group II with 2% neem mouthwash. After the scores were recorded, 1-week time period was given to the participants to carry over the effects of the mouthwashes and then the second phase of the test was performed. The participants were instructed to use the other mouthwash through the second test phase.

Results

There was a slight reduction of plaque level in the first phase as well as in the second phase. When comparison was made between the groups, no statistically significant difference was seen. Both the groups showed reduction in the gingival index (GI) scores in the first phase, and there was a statistically significant difference in both groups at baseline and after intervention (0.005 and 0.01 respectively). In the second phase, GI scores were reduced in both groups, but there was a statistically significant difference between the groups only at baseline scores (0.01).

Conclusion

In the present study, it has been concluded that neem mouthwash can be used as an alternative to chlorhexidine mouthwash based on the reduced scores in both the groups.

Clinical significance

Using neem mouthwash in maintaining oral hygiene might have a better impact in prevention as well as pervasiveness of oral diseases as it is cost-effective and easily available.

How to cite this article

Jalaluddin M, Rajasekaran UB, Paul S, Dhanya RS, Sudeep CB, Adarsh VJ. Comparative Evaluation of Neem Mouthwash on Plaque and Gingivitis: A Double-blind Crossover Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):567-571.
Assessment of the Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on the Periodontal Health of Endodontically Restored Tooth
Authors: Asnani Mohil M , Jalaluddin Md , Goyal Vinod , Naqvi Zuber A , Gupta Bhaskar , Sonigra Hitesh M
Published: August 2017

Intorduction

Patients usually undergo orthodontic treatment for achieving ideal interocclusal relationship between the dental tissue and bony tissue along with improving the speech, mastication, and facial esthetic appearance. Literature quotes paucity in the studies evaluating the effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal health of endodontically treated teeth. Hence, we planned the present study to assess the effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal health of endodontically restored tooth.

Materials and methods

The present study included assessment of 80 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment. All the patients were divided broadly into two study groups: groups I and II. Group I included patients with the absence of endodontically treated teeth, while group II included patients which maxillary central incisors were resorted endodontically. Examination of the periodontal health of the patients was done using the community periodontal index of treatment need (CPITN) around the selected teeth. All the values were recorded during the preorthodontic time, postorthodontic time, and after the first 6 months of starting of the orthodontic treatment. All the results were recorded separately and analyzed.

Results

In the groups I and II, 28 and 25 patients respectively, had score of 1, while 10 patients in group I and 12 patients in group II had score of 2. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the CPITN score in between the two study groups when measured at the pre-, intra-, and postortho time.

Conclusion

In patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, having endodontically resorted teeth, no difference exists in relation to the periodontal health.

Clinical significance

Orthodontic treatment can be safely carried in patients with endodontically restored teeth.

How to cite this article

Jalaluddin M, Goyal V, Naqvi ZA, Gupta B, Asnani MM, Sonigra HM. Assessment of the Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on the Periodontal Health of Endodontically Restored Tooth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):587-590.
Therapeutic Evaluation of Cervical Dysfunction in Patients with Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome: A Prospective Study
Authors: Jagdhari B Smriti , Mukta Motwani , Saket A Golhar , Golhar Anil V
Published: August 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to find out the therapeutic correlation between cervical dysfunction and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS).

Materials and methods

The study included 46 patients out of which 23 had MPDS with cervical pain (group I), and 23 patients had only MPDS (group II). Detailed history and examination of the patients were carried out, and the factors taken into consideration were pain and tenderness of muscles of mastication and neck muscles, maximum comfortable mouth opening, and cervical range of motion. All the patients were randomly divided and advised physical exercises, light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER) therapy, and the combination of both exercise and LASER. Patients were assessed for the relief of signs and symptoms of myofascial pain and cervical pain posttreatment, every month for 2 months.

Results

Both the groups showed a similar response to all the different treatment modalities. In group I, the patients also had relief in their cervical pain although the treatment was directed for MPDS. Patients from both the groups who were advised LASER and combination of both exercise and LASER showed better response in terms of reduction in visual analog scale, number of tender muscles, and increased maximum comfortable mouth opening posttreatment and during the follow-up, as compared with the patients who were advised only exercise.

Conclusion

Patients having cervical pain showed significant improvement comparable with patients having no cervical pain. Hence, the conclusion drawn was that there is a positive interrelationship between MPDS and cervical (neck) pain; MPDS may act as a catalyst for precipitating cervical pain.

Clinical significance

Cervical pain showed significant improvement to physiotherapy in the form of exercise, LASER, and combination treatment, though the effective modality was LASER and combination of exercise and LASER therapy.

How to cite this article

Jagdhari BS, Mukta M, Saket AG, Golhar AV. Therapeutic Evaluation of Cervical Dysfunction in Patients with Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome: A Prospective Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):601-606.
Alteration in Taste Perception among Young Children during the use of Removable Orthodontic Appliance Therapy
Authors: Singh Smita , Goyal Vinod , Naqvi Zuber A , Razdan Priyanka , Sakthivel VS , Tripathi Swati
Published: August 2017

Background

The sense of smell is very influential in the taste of foods. If the smell pleases us, we anticipate the taste of the food with a great deal of relish. If our sense of smell is impaired, so is our taste. The effect of appliance on taste perceptions has always had a controversial subject.

Materials and methods

The present study was designed to analyze the change in taste perception in children using removable orthodontic appliances. All the selected volunteers were given different taste stimuli and were asked to score as per their perception. The verbal score was calculated based on the correct and incorrect taste stimuli given to them. Visual analog scale was used to assess intensity and hedonic (palatability) estimation of the volunteers.

Results

The volunteers from both study and control groups scored different values for taste stimuli. The majority of stimuli were estimated correctly by both groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the study and control groups.

Conclusion

In different testing sessions, the scoring of the volunteers was nearly constant, indicating that an appliance does not play a major role in the alteration of taste stimuli.

Clinical significance

The appliance brings about transient change in taste perception, we should educate the patient before delivering the appliance about the transient change in taste perception and encourage full-time wear of the appliance, including during meals, without fear of affecting taste sensations.

How to cite this article

Razdan P, Sakthivel VS, Naqvi ZA, Goyal V, Tripathi S, Singh S. Alteration in Taste Perception among Young Children during the use of Removable Orthodontic Appliance Therapy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):607-613.
Adhesive Bonding to Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Esthetic Dental Materials: An Overview
Authors: Bhandi Shilpa H , Awad Mohamed Moustafa , Alqahtani H , Al-Mudahi A , Murayshed MS , Alrahlah A
Published: August 2017

Aim

To review the adhesive bonding to different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) esthetic restorative materials.

Background

The use of CAD/CAM esthetic restorative materials has gained popularity in recent years. Several CAD/ CAM esthetic restorative materials are commercially available. Adhesive bonding is a major determinant of success of CAD/ CAM restorations.

Review result

An account of the currently available bonding strategies are discussed with their rationale in various CAD/ CAM materials.

Conclusion

Different surface treatment methods as well as adhesion promoters can be used to achieve reliable bonding of CAD/CAM restorative materials. Selection of bonding strategy to such material is determined based on its composition. Further evidence is required to evaluate the effect of new surface treatment methods, such as nonthermal atmospheric plasma and self-etching ceramic primer on bonding to different dental ceramics.

Clinical significance

An understanding of the currently available bonding strategies to CA/CAM materials can help the clinician to select the most indicated system for each category of materials.

How to cite this article

Awad MM, Alqahtani H, Al-Mudahi A, Murayshed MS, Alrahlah A, Bhandi SH. Adhesive Bonding to Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Esthetic Dental Materials: An Overview. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):622-626.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Punarnavadi Mandura and Dadimadi Ghrita in the Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Prospective Open-label Multicenter Study
Authors: Sannd Rajesh , Meena HML , Das Banmali , Bhuyan GC , Padhi MM
Published: August 2017

Background

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most prevalent types of nutritional disorder in the world. Its etiology is multifaceted and it generally results when the iron demands of the body are not met by iron absorption. Iron deficiency anemia can be symptomatically compared with Pandu Roga in Ayurveda.

Aims and objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Punarnavadi Mandura and Dadimadi Ghrita in patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia.

Materials and methods

A prospective, open-label multicenter study was carried out at three peripheral centers of the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences. One hundred three patients satisfying the selection criteria were enrolled from the outpatient department of these centers and were administered Punarnavadi Mandura (500 mg) and Dadimadi Ghrita (10 gm) twice daily before food with lukewarm water for 12 weeks. Follow-up was done finally after 2 weeks without medication. However, data of 90 patients were used for analysis. Hematological parameters, viz., hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, packed cell volume, total iron-binding capacity, serum ferritin, and serum iron, were assessed at baseline, 42nd day, and at the end of the treatment period of 12 weeks (i.e., 84th day). Paired sample t-test was used to compare mean change from baseline with the 84th day. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results

At the end of 12 weeks, compared with baseline, statistically significant increase was observed in mean serum iron level (p-value = 0.005). However, mean change from baseline to 84th day in hemoglobin level (p-value = 0.325) was not significant. A significant improvement in symptoms of anemia, such as weakness, fatigue, dizziness, and headache, was also seen. The treatment was found to be safe and effective in the patients with iron deficiency anemia as all the safety parameters were within the stipulated range. No adverse drug reaction or adverse events were reported during the trial period.

Conclusion

Punarnavadi Mandura and Dadimadi Ghrita administered together in the above-mentioned dose were found effective and safe in patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia.

How to cite this article

Sannd R, Meena HML, Das B, Yadav B, Dua P, Khanduri S, Rana R, Singhal R, Bhuyan GC, Ota S, Srikanth N, Padhi MM, Dhiman KS. Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Punarnavadi Mandura and Dadimadi Ghrita in the Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Prospective Open-label Multicenter Study. J Res Ayurvedic Sci 2017;1(1):1-8.