bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Falls in Older Adults
Authors: Jin Jill
Published: June 2024

This JAMA Patient Page describes risk of falls in older adults and fall prevention recommendations from the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Embracing complexity of (brain) aging
Authors: Polidori M. Cristina
Published: June 2024

Aging is a multifactorial process occurring in a pathophysiological continuum which leads to organ and system functional loss. While aging is not a disease, its pathophysiological continuum predisposes to illness and multimorbidity clusters which share common biomolecular mechanisms—the pillars of aging. Brain aging and neurodegeneration share many hallmarks with other age‐related diseases. The central nervous system is often the weakest link susceptible to the aging process and its deterioration, resulting in cognitive impairment and other symptoms; the aging process is associated with proteostasis collapse, stem cell exhaustion, repair mechanisms, altered brain nutrient sensing, endothelial changes, inflammation, oxidative distress, and energy unbalance, as well as other disturbances. These mechanisms are highly interwoven, and considerable research is aimed at their disentanglement and detection of their clinically relevant impact, particularly in order to identify pharmacological and non‐pharmacological preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Low‐Emissivity Patterned Camouflage for Visible and Infrared Stealth
Authors: Gao Yufei , Long Linshuang , Liu Yuchi , Tang Zhipeng , Ye Hong
Published: June 2024

The development of multispectral detection emphasizes the significance of multispectra‐compatible camouflage technology, necessitating compatible camouflage for visible and infrared bands. Conventional painted camouflage is hindered by high infrared emissivity, and crafting patterns with existing low‐emissivity materials is hindered by the lack of adequate colors. Herein, this study introduces a method to reduce the emissivity while maintaining its original color. By covering a metafilm that reflects most infrared radiation on conventional patterned camouflage, low‐emissivity coatings are achieved. The thickness of the metafilm is optimized, effectively reducing color differences between uncoated and coated camouflage. Monochromatic substrates with the metafilm retain original colors with small color differences (e.g., 0.61) and demonstrate low infrared emissivity (0.03). Patterned camouflage yields an area‐weighted color difference of 9.09 with an infrared emissivity of 0.05. Experimental application on grassland backgrounds demonstrates visual integration with the background. Infrared thermography shows that coated camouflages, compared to uncoated ones, exhibits significantly reduced radiant temperature (29.5 °C vs. 43.0 °C) when heated to 50 °C against a 29.5 °C background, enhancing its blending capability. This metafilm effectively mitigates infrared emissivity while maintaining original colors and patterns, facilitating efficient camouflage across visible and infrared spectrums.
Multi‐Task Mixture Density Graph Neural Networks for Predicting Catalyst Performance
Authors: Liang Chen , Wang Bowen , Hao Shaogang , Chen Guangyong , Heng Pheng‐Ann , Zou Xiaolong
Published: June 2024

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have drawn more and more attention from material scientists and demonstrated a strong capacity to establish connections between structures and properties. However, with only unrelaxed structures provided as input, few GNN models can predict the thermodynamic properties of relaxed configurations with an acceptable level of error. In this work, a multi‐task (MT) architecture based on DimeNet++ and mixture density networks is developed to improve the performance of such task. Taking CO adsorption on Cu‐based single‐atom alloy catalysts as an example, the method can reliably predict CO adsorption energy with a mean absolute error of 0.087 eV from the initial CO adsorption structures without costly first‐principles calculations. Compared to other state‐of‐the‐art GNN methods, the model exhibits improved generalization ability when predicting the catalytic performance of out‐of‐distribution configurations, built with either unseen substrate surfaces or doping species. Further, the enhancement of expressivity has also been demonstrated on the IS2RE predicting task in the Open Catalyst 2020 project. The proposed MT GNN strategy can facilitate the catalyst discovery and optimization process.
Flame‐Retardant, Self‐Purging, High‐Voltage Electrolyte for Safe and Long‐Cycling Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhu Chunlei , Wu Daxiong , Wang Chuan , Ma Jianmin
Published: June 2024

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) remain greatly challenging in safety and stability. Herein, a flame‐retardant s designed, self‐purging high‐voltage electrolyte is designed to stabilize SMBs with the use of ethoxy (pentafluoro) cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) as the electrolyte additive. PFPN can participate in the shell structure of solvation through stronger van der Waals force to form Na3N, NaF‐rich solid/cathode electrolyte interphase (SEI/CEI) with electronic insulation and fast ion transport. Moreover, harmful impurity (PF5) also can be scavenged by van der Waals force to avoid HF production, which helps to stabilize the electrode interface. Additionally, combustion radicals (H, HO) can be cleared by van der Waals force between radical (RPO) formed by breaking with PFPN and combustion radicals for flame‐retardation purpose. As expected, the high‐voltage Na||Na3V2(PO4)2O2F battery with modified electrolyte can deliver reservation of 92.4%, CE of 99.71% after 2000 cycles, and simultaneously possess excellent high‐rate and fast charging/slow discharging performance.
Achieving Planar Zn Electroplating in Aqueous Zinc Batteries with Cathode‐Compatible Current Densities by Cycling under Pressure
Authors: Li Zixuan , Yuan Yi , Pu Shengda D. , Qi Rui , Ding Shenghuan , Qin Runzhi , Kareer Anna , Bruce Peter G. , Robertson Alex W.
Published: June 2024

The value of aqueous zinc‐ion rechargeable batteries is held back by the degradation of the Zn metal anode with repeated cycling. While raising the operating current density is shown to alleviate this anode degradation, such high cycling rates are not compatible with full cells, as they cause Zn‐host cathodes to undergo capacity decay. A simple approach that improves anode performance while using more modest cathode‐compatible current densities is required. This work reports reversible planar Zn deposition under cathode‐compatible current densities can instead be achieved by applying external pressure to the cell. Employing multiscale characterization, this work illustrates how cycling under pressure results in denser and more uniform Zn deposition, analogous to that achieved under high cycling rates, even at low areal current densities of 1 to 10 mA cm−2. Microstructural mechanical measurements reveal that Zn structures plated under lower current densities are particularly susceptible to pressure‐induced compression. The ability to achieve planar Zn plating at cathode‐compatible current densities holds significant promise for enabling high‐capacity Zn‐ion battery full cells.
State of Play of Critical Mineral‐Based Catalysts for Electrochemical E‐Refinery to Synthetic Fuels
Authors: Ramadhany Putri , Luong Quang , Zhang Ziling , Leverett Josh , Samorì Paolo , Corrie Simon , Lovell Emma , Canbulat Ismet , Daiyan Rahman
Published: June 2024

The pursuit of decarbonization involves leveraging waste CO2 for the production of valuable fuels and chemicals (e.g., ethanol, ethylene, and urea) through the electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). The efficacy of this process heavily depends on electrocatalyst performance, which is generally reliant on high loading of critical minerals. However, the supply of these minerals is susceptible to shortage and disruption, prompting concerns regarding their usage, particularly in electrocatalysis, requiring swift innovations to mitigate the supply risks. The reliance on critical minerals in catalyst fabrication can be reduced by implementing design strategies that improve the available active sites, thereby increasing the mass activity. This review seeks to discuss and analyze potential strategies, challenges, and opportunities for improving catalyst activity in CO2RR with a special attention to addressing the risks associated with critical mineral scarcity. By shedding light onto these aspects of critical mineral‐based catalyst systems, this review aims to inspire the development of high‐performance catalysts and facilitates the practical application of CO2RR technology, whilst mitigating adverse economic, environmental, and community impacts.
Reconfigurable Chiral Spintronic THz Emitters
Authors: Agarwal Piyush , Mishra Sobhan Subhra , Medwal Rohit , Mohan John Rex , Asada Hironori , Fukuma Yasuhiro , Singh Ranjan
Published: June 2024

Collective spin arrangements manifest diverse spin textures, encompassing ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and chiral vortices. However, mapping these spin textures in ultrathin magnetic multilayers has remained elusive. A reconfigurable chiral spintronic terahertz emission method is introduced through investigations on a model system of synthetic antiferromagnet and the spin information of individual ferromagnet (FM) layers is extracted. Upon femtosecond photoexcitation of the synthetic antiferromagnet (FM1/Ru/FM2), the ferromagnets generate a pair of linearly polarized ultrafast spin currents, which, after relaxation at the FM/Ru interface, emit corresponding THz pulses. The Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interactions between the two FMs give rise to magnetic‐field‐controlled spin textures causing a spin relaxation imbalance at the interfaces and induce a phase shift between the orthogonal components of the emitted terahertz fields, consequently reconfiguring the polarization of the emitted terahertz field from linear to circular. This approach offers a novel means of investigating electronic and magnetic states in ultrathin spintronic heterostructures, low‐dimensional quantum materials, topological insulators, and Weyl semimetals. Furthermore, it enables the exploration of spin textures, including skyrmions, merons, and solitons.
Efficient Second‐Harmonic Generation with Weak Polarization Sensitivity in Gallium Nitride Metasurfaces via Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Fan Kezhou , Chen Haohan , Sergeev Aleksandr A. , Xing Zengshan , Zhu Renqiang , Lau Kei May , Wu Lijun , Wong Kam Sing
Published: June 2024

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are widely exploited in all‐dielectric metasurfaces to significantly enhance the Q‐factor and second harmonic generation (SHG). However, a higher SHG conversion efficiency is overshadowed by the narrow transparency window of all‐dielectric materials and strict requirement of polarization‐matching. Herein, an augmented SHG assisted is demonstrated by symmetry‐protected quasi‐BICs from z‐cut wurtzite GaN metasurfaces, whose wide transparent range suppresses self‐absorption of second harmonic. Strong resonances emerge under both X‐ and Y‐polarized excitations, where the multipole characters of each eigenmode are quantitatively identified via decomposition simulations. The local field enhancement enabled by the extreme energy confinement of quasi‐BICs contributes to an efficient SHG, recording a conversion efficiency up to 2 × 10−7 at moderately low input peak intensity (≈1 GW cm−2), orders of magnitude larger than bulk GaN. With proper design, the overlapping X‐ and Y‐polarized resonances can support SHG from excitation with arbitrary polarizations. The alleviation of polarization‐matching remarkably enhances the SHG power by 66.2% under unpolarized illumination condition. The results of intense SHG reveal GaN as a promising candidate for high‐performance nanoscale nonlinear photonic devices. The weak polarization sensitivity of the designed structure will chart a novel course for the advancement of next‐generation efficient all‐dielectric metasurfaces.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Direct Hydrogenation of α,β‐Epoxy Ketones and α‐Ketoamides at Room Temperature
Authors: Shabade Anand B. , Singh Rahul K. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Punji Benudhar
Published: June 2024

Chemoselective hydrogenation of α,β‐epoxy ketones and α‐ketoamides is achieved at room temperature (25 °C) using 2.0 bar H2 and a pincer‐ligated Mn(I) catalyst that provides synthetically valuable α‐hydroxy epoxides and α‐hydroxy amides. This protocol applies to a wide range of alkyl‐ and aryl‐substituted α,β‐epoxy ketones, including terpenes (α‐ionone, nootkatone, and R‐carvone)‐ and steroids (testosterone and progesterone)‐derived epoxy ketones, and tolerates H2 sensitive functionalities, such as halides, acetyl, nitrile, nitro, epoxide, alkenyl and alkynyl groups. Additionally, α‐ketoamides bearing reducible functional groups, including acetyl and diazo benzene, were untouched under this protocol and selectively converted to α‐hydroxy amides. A preliminary mechanistic study highlighted the metal‐ligand cooperative H2 activation process.
Radical Fluorosulfonamidation: A Facile Access to Sulfamoyl Fluorides
Authors: Wang Peng , Lin Lu , Huang Yao , Zhang Honghai , Liao Saihu
Published: June 2024

Recently, the introduction of fluorosulfonyl (−SO2F) groups have attracted considerable research interests, as this moiety could often afford enhanced activities and new functions in the context of chemical biology and drug discovery. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of 1‐fluorosulfamoyl‐pyridinium (FSAP) salts, which could serve as an effective photoredox‐active precursor to fluorosulfamoyl radicals and enable the direct radical C−H fluorosulfonamidation of a variety of (hetero)arenes. This method features mild conditions, visible light, broad substrate scope, good group tolerance, etc., and a metal‐free protocol is also viable by using organic photocatalysts. Further, FSAP can also be applied to the radical functionalization of alkenes via 1,2‐difunctionalization, radical distal migration, tandem radical‐polar crossover reactions, etc. In addition, a formal C−H methylamination of (hetero)arenes by combining this radical C−H fluorosulfonamidation with subsequent hydrolysis as well as product derivatization are also demonstrated.
Applying Ground Penetrating Radar and Electrical Resistivity Tomography for the Detection of Archaeological Structures in a Pre‐Tarascan Classic‐Epiclassic Site, Tingambato, Michoacán, Mexico
Authors: Ortega‐Ramírez J. , Bano M. , Punzo‐Díaz J. L. , Villa Alvarado L. A. , Salas‐Corrales J. L.
Published: June 2024

A survey was conducted to investigate buried archaeological remains at Tingambato, a pre‐Tarascan classic‐epiclassic archaeological site located in the north‐central part of the State of Michoacán in western Mexico, using ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The aim of this study was to detect the foundations (ancient buried walls) and cavities (tombs), define the geometry of the foundations and correlate construction style and depth with relative chronological buried structures. The survey was carried out on two grids of 15 m × 37 m (Zona Verde) and 10.25 m × 36.5 m (Ballgame court), using a 200 MHz antenna for GPR and Schlumberger‐Wenner arrays for ERT. GPR 3D acquisition was carried out along parallel lines spaced 0.25 m apart in a single direction. In the first area, considering the geometric shape found at a depth of 1.35 m, we can assume the existence of a buried structure, probably wall remains. In the second area, a very diffractive zone coincides with a resistive anomaly (> 2000 ohm·m). In order to refine the GPR results, synthetic modelling and a comparison with real traces were carried out. The 1D GPR modelling allows us to precise the presence of a cavity with a rectangular cross section. Since the type of volcaniclastic avalanche deposits of the subsoil do not allow the formation of cavities of that size, we infer that it may be the remains of a tomb or an anthropogenic cavity.
High‐Performance Zinc Anode Enabled by Zincophilic and Hydrophobic ZnO@Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon/MXene Interface
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhu Qizhen , Li Yanze , Ju Yuan , Yang Yong , Xu Bin
Published: June 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are one of the most promising systems for large‐scale energy storage, but their zinc metal anodes suffer from unsatisfactory stability and reversibility due to the uncontrollable Zn dendrite growth and undesirable side reactions. Herein, a ZnO‐anchored nitrogen‐doped carbon/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite (ZnO@NC/MXene) is developed as a protective layer onto the zinc anode, which establishes a zincophilic and hydrophobic interface. In the ZnO@NC/MXene layer, the nitrogen sites efficiently enhances the adsorption of Zn2+, the ZnO provides homogenous nucleation sites for Zn2+ deposition, and the highly conductive MXene ensures even electric field distribution, synergistically inhibiting the zinc dendrites. Additionally, the hydrophobic ZnO@NC/MXene layer suppresses side reactions by limiting contact between the Zn anode and active water. Therefore, the Zn electrode modified by the ZnO@NC/MXene layer shows remarkable stability with a cycle life of over 2600 h in Zn||Zn symmetric cell and outstanding reversibility with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.37 % for over 1000 cycles in Zn||Cu asymmetric cell. Coupled with V2O5 cathode, the full cell reveals excellent cycle stability of exceeding 1000 cycles at 4 A g−1. These results indicate the potential of the zincophilic and hydrophobic ZnO@NC/MXene as a promising interface layer for protecting Zn anode in AZIBs.
Combination of polymeric micelle formulation of TGFβ receptor inhibitors and paclitaxel produces consistent response across different mouse models of Triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Vinod Natasha , Hwang Duhyeong , Fussell Sloane Christian , Owens Tyler Cannon , Tofade Olaoluwa Christopher , Benefield Thad S. , Copling Sage , Ramsey Jacob D. , Rädler Patrick D. , Atkins Hannah M. , Livingston Eric E. , Ezzell J. Ashley , Sokolsky‐Papkov Marina , Yuan Hong , Perou Charles M. , Kabanov Alexander V.
Published: June 2024

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is notoriously difficult to treat due to the lack of targetable receptors and sometimes poor response to chemotherapy. The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) family of proteins and their receptors (TGFRs) are highly expressed in TNBC and implicated in chemotherapy‐induced cancer stemness. Here, we evaluated combination treatments using experimental TGFR inhibitors (TGFβi), SB525334 (SB), and LY2109761 (LY) with paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy. These TGFβi target TGFR‐I (SB) or both TGFR‐I and TGFR‐II (LY). Due to the poor water solubility of these drugs, we incorporated each of them in poly(2‐oxazoline) (POx) high‐capacity polymeric micelles (SB‐POx and LY‐POx). We assessed their anticancer effect as single agents and in combination with micellar PTX (PTX‐POx) using multiple immunocompetent TNBC mouse models that mimic human subtypes (4T1, T11‐Apobec and T11‐UV). While either TGFβi or PTX showed a differential effect in each model as single agents, the combinations were consistently effective against all three models. Genetic profiling of the tumors revealed differences in the expression levels of genes associated with TGFβ, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), TLR‐4, and Bcl2 signaling, alluding to the susceptibility to specific gene signatures to the treatment. Taken together, our study suggests that TGFβi and PTX combination therapy using high‐capacity POx micelle delivery provides a robust antitumor response in multiple TNBC subtype mouse models.
The importance of diversity and inclusion within the research supervision relationship: The views of research students and supervisors
Authors: Bager‐Charleson Sofie , McBeath Alistair , Charura Divine , Symons Clare
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Research supervisors are uniquely positioned to recognise student abilities and needs. This mixed methods study explores how research supervision can support counselling, psychotherapy and counselling psychology doctoral students in their development of new knowledge, with diversity‐related opportunities and challenges in mind.

Methods

Guided by ‘dialectical pragmatism’, we used a semi‐qualitative online survey, Reflective Online Practitioner Survey (ROPS; McBeath, 2020), with closed and open questions disseminated across learning institutes in the UK, Europe and North America.

Results

The survey received 105 responses, with 45 coming from research supervisors and 60 from research students. Only a minority considered their own research supervision team to be diverse, and two‐thirds of respondents did not see matters relating to diversity and inclusion receiving sufficient emphasis in published research.

Conclusions

Both our quantitative and qualitative data addressed unequal representations in terms of gender and sexuality, ethnicity and heritage, (dis‐)ability and social class—several referring to a ‘history of domination by white, cis, non‐disabled male perspectives’. Many described ‘diversity being left out of research’ with consequences on the capacity to meet clients' need in clinical practice. As one said: ‘we need to decolonise the training material by critically analysing and situating knowledge and calling out missing voices’. Another stated: ‘If the research we conduct and draw on as practitioners cannot actively reckon with oppression within…we risk furthering the violence that marginalised clients, practitioners, and researchers face’. Support and training of supervisors to address diversity and power in research from the start of supervision were argued as essential, with both the supervisory relationship and innovative epistemological angles to knowledge and ‘reality’ in the field of mental health in mind.
Recent Advancements in Metal‐Catalyst‐Free Multicomponent Radical Sulfonylation of Alkynes
Authors: Yi Rongnan , Li Qiang , Liu Hongxin , Wei Wen‐Ting
Published: June 2024

Vinyl sulfones are crucial building blocks in synthetic chemistry and core structural units of pharmaceutically active molecules, thus extensive investigations have been conducted on the construction of these skeletons. In contrast to the classical synthetic approaches, the radical sulfonylation of alkynes for producing vinyl sulfones has garnered considerable interest because of its mild conditions and high efficiency. Radical sulfonation of alkynes typically begins with the sulfonyl radical attacking the alkynes, followed by further functionalization. Moreover, the association of metal‐catalyst‐free systems with multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offers an environmentally friendly pathway for efficiently constructing complex scaffolds from readily available partners. However, there is no comprehensive review summarizing the advancements in metal‐catalyst‐free multicomponent radical sulfonylation of alkynes. Hence, we provide a categorical overview based on the objects of sulfonylation of alkynes (hydrosulfonylation, carbosulfonylation, aminosulfonylation, oxysulfonylation, sulfosulfonylation, selenosulfonylation, and iodosulfonylation), along with interpretations of the reaction mechanisms.
Green innovation and financial performance. The role of R&D investments and ESG disclosure
Authors: Casciello Raffaela , Santonastaso Rosalinda , Prisco Martina , Martino Ilaria
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the effects of green innovation (GI) on financial performance under both accounting and market‐based perspectives in European Union (EU) listed non‐financial firms. In addition, this study explores whether the R&D investments and the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) disclosure play a mediating role over the association between GI and accounting‐based and market‐based financial performance, respectively. Based on a sample of 526 firms over the period 2012–2022, we find that GI is negatively associated with accounting‐based financial performance and positively associated with market‐based financial performance. We further find that GI impacts on accounting‐based financial performance via the channel of R&D investments and on market‐based financial performance via the channel of ESG disclosure. This study provides useful contributions to prior research by encouraging the adoption of an integrated perspective when evaluating potential effects of GI. This study can also assist managers in better preparing for the challenges of implementing GI by leveraging the ESG disclosure. It also advices to investors to carefully assess the more complex impact of GI on financial performance of the firm within their capital allocation decision‐making process. In the same vein, it offers some insights to policy makers interested in facilitating the transition to a sustainable economy.
Constructing Built‐in‐Electric Field for Boosting Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Huimin , Ni Chunmei , Gao Xuena , Lin Shaohao , He Xiaoyan , Tian Lin , Li Zhao
Published: June 2024

Electrocatalytic water splitting shows great potential for producing clean and green hydrogen, but it is hindered by slow reaction kinetics. Advanced electrocatalysts are needed to lower the energy barriers. The establishment of built‐in electric fields (BIEF) in heterointerfaces has been found to be beneficial for speeding up electron transfer, increasing electrical conductivity, adjusting the local reaction environment, and optimizing the chemisorption energy with intermediates. Engineering and modifying the BIEF in heterojunctions offer significant opportunities to enhance the electronic properties of catalysts, thus improving the reaction kinetics. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest advances in BIEF engineering in heterojunction catalysts for efficient water electrolysis. It highlights the fundamentals, engineering, modification, characterization, and application of BIEF in electrocatalytic water splitting. The review also discusses the challenges and future prospects of BIEF engineering. Overall, this review provides a thorough examination of BIEF engineering for the next generation of water electrolysis devices.
Characterisation of circulating tumor‐associated and immune cells in patients with advanced‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yaghoubi Naei Vahid , Ivanova Ekaterina , Mullally William , O'Leary Connor G , Ladwa Rahul , O'Byrne Ken , Warkiani Majid E , Kulasinghe Arutha
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Globally, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent form of lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. Tumor‐associated circulating cells in NSCLC can have a wide variety of morphological and phenotypic characteristics, including epithelial, immunological or hybrid subtypes. The distinctive characteristics and potential clinical significance of these cells in patients with NSCLC are explored in this study.

Methods

We utilised a spiral microfluidic device to enrich large cells and cell aggregates from the peripheral blood samples of NSCLC patients. These cells were characterised through high‐resolution immunofluorescent imaging and statistical analysis, correlating findings with clinical information from our patient cohort.

Results

We have identified varied populations of heterotypic circulating tumor cell clusters with differing immune cell composition that included a distinct class of atypical tumor‐associated macrophages that exhibits unique morphology and cell size. This subtype's prevalence is positively correlated with the tumor stage, progression and metastasis.

Conclusions

Our study reveals a heterogeneous landscape of circulating tumor cells and their clusters, underscoring the complexity of NSCLC pathobiology. The identification of a unique subtype of atypical tumor‐associatedmacrophages that simultaneously express both tumor and immune markers and whose presence correlates with late disease stages, poor clinical outcomes and metastatic risk infers  the potential of these cells as biomarkers for NSCLC staging and prognosis. Future studies should focus on the role of these cells in the tumor microenvironment and their potential as therapeutic targets. Additionally, longitudinal studies tracking these cell types through disease progression could provide further insights into their roles in NSCLC evolution and response to treatment.
Sex‐specific associations of the maturation locus vgll3 with exploratory behavior and boldness in Atlantic salmon juveniles
Authors: Bangura Paul Bai , Tiira Katriina , Aykanat Tutku , Niemelä Petri T. , Erkinaro Jaakko , Liljeström Petra , Toikkanen Anna , Primmer Craig R.
Published: June 2024

Studies linking genetics, behavior and life history in any species are rare. In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), age at maturity is a key life‐history trait and associates strongly with the vgll3 locus, whereby the vgll3*E allele is linked with younger age at maturity, and higher body condition than the vgll3*L allele. However, the relationship between this genetic variation and behaviors like boldness and exploration which may impact growth and reproductive strategies is poorly understood. The pace‐of‐life syndrome (POLS) framework provides predictions, whereby heightened exploratory behavior and boldness are predicted in individuals with the early maturation‐associated vgll3 genotype (EE). Here, we tested these predictions by investigating the relationship between vgll3 genotypes and exploration and boldness behaviors in 129 juveniles using the novel environment and novel object trials. Our results indicated that contrary to POLS predictions, vgll3*LL fish were bolder and more explorative, suggesting a genotype‐level syndrome including several behaviors. Interestingly, clear sex differences were observed in the latency to move in a new environment, with vgll3*EE males, but not females, taking longer to move than their vgll3*LL counterparts. Our results provide further empirical support for recent calls to consider more nuanced explanations than the pace of life theory for integrating behavior into life‐history theory.
Small‐ to medium‐sized mammals show greater morphological disparity in cervical than lumbar vertebrae across different terrestrial modes of locomotion
Authors: Taewcharoen Nuttakorn , Norris Rachel , Sherratt Emma
Published: June 2024

During mammalian terrestrial locomotion, body flexibility facilitated by the vertebral column is expected to be correlated with observed modes of locomotion, known as gait (e.g., sprawl, trot, hop, bound, gallop). In small‐ to medium‐sized mammals (average weight up to 5 kg), the relationship between locomotive mode and vertebral morphology is largely unexplored. Here we studied the vertebral column from 46 small‐ to medium‐sized mammals. Nine vertebrae across cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions were chosen to represent the whole vertebral column. Vertebra shape was analysed using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics with the phylogenetic comparative method. We also applied the multi‐block method, which can consider all vertebrae as a single structure for analysis. We calculated morphological disparity, phylogenetic signal, and evaluated the effects of allometry and gait on vertebral shape. We also investigated the pattern of integration in the column. We found the cervical vertebrae show the highest degree of morphological disparity, and the first thoracic vertebra shows the highest phylogenetic signal. A significant effect of gait type on vertebrae shape was found, with the lumbar vertebrae having the strongest correlation; but this effect was not significant after taking phylogeny into account. On the other hand, allometry has a significant effect on all vertebrae regardless of the contribution from phylogeny. The regions showed differing degrees of integration, with cervical vertebrae most strongly correlated. With these results, we have revealed novel information that cannot be captured from study of a single vertebra alone: although the lumbar vertebrae are the most correlated with gait, the cervical vertebrae are more morphologically diverse and drive the diversity among species when considering whole column shape.
Advances on Single‐Atom‐Based Dual‐Site Photocatalysts: Fundamentals, Mechanisms, and Applications
Authors: Shou Junxi , Zhao Junqiang , Wei Xiaoyu , Fang Jun , Yin Lisha
Published: June 2024

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as leading‐edge research in the field of photocatalysis due to outstanding photocatalytic performance, maximum atomic utilization efficiency, and well‐defined catalytic active sites. However, the singular functionality of active sites in SACs restricts their applications in complex redox reactions involving multiple intermediates and reaction pathways. To circumvent this limitation, a second site comprising single atoms (SA), alloys, clusters, or nanoparticles is proposed to establish SA‐based dual‐site photocatalysts (SA DSPs). While maintaining 100% atomic utilization, the second site and site–site collaboration endow SA DSPs with superior photocatalytic activities to surpass those of SACs. In this review, the latest investigations on SA DSPs featuring diverse compositions, electronic and geometric configurations, site–site collaboration, and metal–support interactions are summarized. Thereafter, the mechanisms underlying enhanced photocatalytic activities are elucidated regarding the roles of the dual sites in charge‐carrier dynamics and surface reactivity. Furthermore, the state‐of‐the‐art applications in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction, and methane oxidation, etc., over SA DSPs are discussed. It is anticipated that this review will offer insights into precise control and design of dual sites in photocatalysts, thereby advancing photocatalysis toward commercial viability.
Age, composition and spatial distribution of sandy loess in north‐eastern Germany (Fläming, Brandenburg)
Authors: Kirsten Fabian , Starke Joris , Bauriegel Albrecht , Müller Robert , Jouaux Jens , Lüthgens Christopher , Sinapius Ralf , Hardt Jacob
Published: June 2024

The sandy loess deposits in the lowlands of northern Germany present a valuable sedimentary archive for late Weichselian periglacial geomorphodynamics. While other aeolian sediments from the Late Quaternary, especially loess deposits and sand dunes, have been studied and dated in some detail in the last decades, sandy loess has received less scientific attention with respect to its genesis, composition, age and provenance as well as distribution patterns. In this study, we present detailed results for three sediment sections located on the Fläming ridge in the south of the state of Brandenburg. According to our results from luminescence dating, the sandy loess deposits of this area were deposited during the late MIS 2 (19–14 ka) with a highly variable thickness of at least up to 4 m, followed by a deposition of periglacial coversands shortly thereafter. The sandy loess deposits display a homogeneous geochemical composition and grain size characteristics similar to loess sections in the main loess areas to the west and south. Furthermore, we analysed a large dataset of geological drill data and performed a spatial interpolation of sandy loess distribution in the Western Fläming. Despite the strongly dissected modern landscape of the Fläming ridge which is partly the result of intense Holocene soil erosion processes, general patterns of the original loess distribution could be deduced. Based on these findings, we were able to identify the low‐lying areas to the north and north‐east of the study area to be the most likely source areas for the sandy loess as a result of katabatic winds originating from the Fennoscandian Ice Shield. Thereby, this study yields important insights regarding aeolian transport and deposition patterns under periglacial conditions in the Central European Lowlands.
Research progress of neurovascular units involved in ischemic stroke
Authors: Yang Yu , Tong Hao , Ye Zhuo‐Fan , Xu Zu‐Cai , Tao Tao
Published: June 2024

Ischemic stroke is the most prevalent cerebrovascular disorder in the clinical setting. It results in associated neurological abnormalities due to a variety of factors, including disruption of cerebral arterial blood flow, hypoxia, and ischemic necrosis of local brain tissues. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a dynamic structural complex that consists of neurons, glial cells, pericytes, vascular endothelial cells, and the extracellular matrix. Many cells work together to preserve the integrity of the central nervous system (CNS) under physiological conditions. However, following ischemic stroke, NVU homeostasis is disrupted along with the development of tissue ischemia and hypoxia, as well as impaired interactions between various components of the NVU. Collectively, the changes result in increased blood–brain barrier permeability, neuronal dysfunction, and functional destruction of nerve conduction bundles, ultimately leading to the clinical manifestation of neurological deficits including motor, cognitive, and speech impairments that hinder the rehabilitation process. In recent years, with continuously expanding research on ischemic cerebrovascular disease, the role of interconnections between different cells in the NVU in ischemic stroke has received increasing attention. To describe new concepts for the prevention and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular illnesses, this article reviews the interplay between NVU in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.
Successful laparoscopic retroperitoneal tumor resection using mixed reality and guiding marker techniques
Authors: Tohi Yoichiro , Okazoe Homare , Mitamura Katsuya , Osaki Yu , Tanaka Kenichi , Matsuoka Yuki , Nishiyama Yoshihiro , Kanenishi Kenji , Sugimoto Mikio
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Small tumors may be difficult to identify visually and require preoperative effort to locate. Recent advancements in mixed reality technology have improved surgical accuracy in various departments. Here, we present the application of mixed reality‐assisted surgery and a guiding marker in the case of small retroperitoneal metastasis of uterine cancer.

Case presentation

A 67‐year‐old female with a history of uterine cancer had a retroperitoneal metastasis in the lateroconal fascia near the right diaphragm, measuring 2 cm and infiltrating the peritoneum. We performed precise surgical planning using the preoperative mixed reality software “Holoeyes” on a head‐mounted display called HoloLens2. Novel techniques, including ultrasonography‐guided placement of a guiding marker and strategic port‐site placement facilitated by HoloLens2, ensured accurate tumor identification and laparoscopic resection with minimal blood loss and no intraoperative complications.

Conclusion

The use of mixed reality‐assisted surgery and a guiding marker effectively enhanced the precision of retroperitoneal tumor resection.
The effect of the separation of mother‐preterm newborn infants hospitalized during the COVID‐19 pandemic on maternal depression and stress levels, infant development, and bonding quality on Chilean dyads
Authors: Velozo Ramírez Francisca , Olhaberry Huber Marcia , Heusser Ferrés María Ignacia , Cubillos Montecino María Susana , González Bravo Agustina , Morgues Nudman Mónica
Published: June 2024

Early infant development is a maturation process critically depends on the infant's interaction with primary caregivers. Hence, neonatal units prioritize their proximity. In COVID‐19, parental visitation hours were limited, reducing caregivers time with their infants. This follow‐up study analyzes and compares levels of maternal depression and stress, infant development, and bonding quality in preterm mother‐infant dyads hospitalized, before and during the pandemic. Out of 66 dyads participated, 36 were admitted before COVID‐19, and 30 during COVID‐19. The assessed was two video‐call sessions in which mothers completed selected questionnaires. No significant differences between mothers' levels of depression and stress. However, low birth weight was associated with greater difficulties in children's communication and interpersonal relationships. Furthermore, infants hospitalized in COVID‐19 had a higher risk of experiencing delayed communication. No significant differences were observed in bonding quality. Lower infant gestational age and longer breastfeeding time were associated with better bonding quality in both groups. Psychosocial intervention is considered a valuable tool, capable of preventing maternal mental health difficulties and protecting bonding in premature infants and in highly complex healthcare settings. Nevertheless, it is essential to more actively address the socio‐affective needs of newborns during their hospital stay to promote adequate development.
Mother‐infant bonding: The role of postpartum depression, violence, and bonding established with one's own mother during childhood
Authors: de Souza Daiane Silva , Machado Wagner de Lara , Guimarães Lucas Dannilo Aragão , Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi , da Silva Clécio Homrich , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran , Bandeira Denise Ruschel
Published: June 2024

Mother‐infant bonding is influenced by several risk and protective factors, and the literature has investigated the relationships between these factors independently. This study aimed to verify the interrelationships of some of these factors and how they influence mother‐infant bonding in Brazil. In this study, 361 mothers participated, and the outcome variable of mother‐infant bonding was assessed using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). Multivariate regression analysis was performed using a hierarchical model with three blocks structured according to the influence exerted on mother‐infant bonding. The PBQ's factor scores were estimated and used in the subsequent analyses to decrease measurement error. The variable “violence experienced by mothers” was statistically significant for explaining the second block model but not significant for the third block. Network analysis was performed after multiple regression, showing that the violence experienced by mothers does not directly influence mother‐infant bonding but rather is mediated by postpartum depression. This explains why violence is not significant in the hierarchical multiple regression when maternal depression is added to the model. This study's strengths lie in its utilization of PBQ factor scores and network analysis, enabling the estimation of conditional relationships among variables. This approach provides deeper insights into factors affecting mother‐infant bonding.
Using a rule‐based decision tool for medication dose selection to improve patient safety and the need for pharmacist intervention
Authors: Finocchio Tyler , Jaszczur Gregory
Published: June 2024

Introduction

An assortment of alerts has been employed to influence provider order entry, yet many medication orders still require dose adjustment by pharmacists upon order verification.

Objectives

The primary goals of this study were to evaluate the impact of adding rule‐based decision support to the computerized provider order entry system on the need for medication dose adjustment by a pharmacist and the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) among patients.

Methods

This was a retrospective, pre‐ and post‐implementation observational study on the integration of rule‐based logic into the computerized provider order entry system to automatically select default doses and frequencies for weight‐based or renally‐cleared medications in alignment with health system guidelines. The primary end points were the proportion of medication orders that required pharmacist intervention for dose adjustment and the number of times the AKI pop‐up alert was triggered.

Results

After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to all available orders, there were 47 393 and 45 767 orders included for final analysis in the pre‐ and post‐implementation periods, respectively. The post‐implementation period showed a significant reduction in pharmacist dosing interventions, with a relative risk of 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.43; p < 0.0001) and a reduction in AKI (relative risk = 0.58 [95% CI: 0.53–0.64; p < 0.0001]).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the potential of rule‐based decision support to improve initial medication dose selection, reduce the occurrence of AKI, and reduce pharmacist workload, all without increasing alert fatigue.
Magnetic solid phase adsorption of ceftiofur sodium in water by deep eutectic solvent modified banana peel‐MnFe2O4 biochar
Authors: Chen Jing , Luo Hanyue , Lei Rui , Li Cuiping , Ding Xueqin
Published: June 2024

Magnetic solid phase adsorption separation (MSPA) technology is an efficient and convenient separation method, which can simplify the separation step and shorten the separation time. It has wide application value in the purification of antibiotic pollutants in water. In this study, a novel magnetic biochar adsorbent (DES1@MnFe2O4‐BBC) with strong selectivity and high adsorption capacity was synthesized. It was composed of banana peel as the biochar source, Mn/Fe bimetallic oxide as the magnetic source and deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the functional monomer. The physicochemical properties of DES1@MnFe2O4‐BBC were systematically characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption, synchronous thermal analyzer, vibrating sample magnetometer, X‐ray diffractometer, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field emission electron microscopy. The adsorption conditions were optimized by the single‐factor optimization method. Also, under the optimal adsorption conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of DES1@MnFe2O4‐BBC for ceftiofur sodium was 75.01 mg·g−1. The test of adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics illustrated that the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation were suitable well with the adsorption system established in this article. Adsorbent regeneration cycle experiment revealed that the DES1@MnFe2O4‐BBC was an efficient and reusable adsorbent. In the end, all research proves the novel magnetic adsorbent synthesized in this study can provide a new idea for the removal of antibiotics in water.
Ductus arteriosus diameters in fetuses with early‐ and late‐onset fetal growth restriction
Authors: Demircan Tülay , Atakul Bahar Konuralp , Güven Barış , Yıldız Kaan , Karadeniz Cem , Emir Büşra , Özeren Mehmet , Narin Nazmi
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common pregnancy complication that can be associated with several adverse perinatal outcomes. One of these negative outcomes is ductus arteriosus, especially in preterm babies. In this study, intrauterine heart function and ductus diameter were evaluated in babies with FGR.

Methods

Thirty‐seven fetuses with FGR were compared with 37 normal‐weight fetuses at the same gestational week. In our study, ventricular diameters, aorta, pulmonary artery, ductus arteriosus (DA), aortic arch diameter, and flow traces were examined. In addition, the aorta and aortic isthmus diameters were proportioned to the ductus diameter, and the left ventricular myocardial performance index (MPI) [(ICT + IRT)/ET] was evaluated.

Results

There was no difference in DA diameters between the patient and control groups. The intragroup comparison of the cases with early‐ and late‐onset FGR revealed no statistically significant difference between DA diameters. However, the ratios of the aortic annulus diameter/ductus diameter (AOD/DAD) and aortic isthmus diameter/ductus diameter (AID/DAD) were significantly lower in early‐onset FGR because the diameter of the DA was greater. In addition, the mod‐MPI values were higher in the patient group.

Conclusions

In our study, although the ductal diameters did not change significantly in the patient group, the ductal diameter was greater in the early‐onset intrauterine growth restriction (FGR) group compared with other cardiac measurements. The mod‐MPI value, a cardiac function indicator, was higher in fetuses with FGR. These findings may be useful for evaluating postnatal cardiac functions in FGR.