bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Disease Activity for Biologic Selection in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: YAMAUCHI Morio , NAKANO Kazuhisa , TANAKA Yoshiya , HORIO Keiichi
Published: December 2020

In this article, we implemented a regression model and conducted experiments for predicting disease activity using data from 1929 rheumatoid arthritis patients to assist in the selection of biologics for rheumatoid arthritis. On modelling, the missing variables in the data were completed by three different methods, mean value, self-organizing map and random value. Experimental results showed that the prediction error of the regression model was large regardless of the missing completion method, making it difficult to predict the prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Quantum Clustering Analysis: Minima of the Potential Energy Function
Authors: Maignan Aude , Scott Tony
Published: December 2020

Quantum clustering (QC), is a data clustering algorithm based on quantum mechanics which is accomplished by substituting each point in a given dataset with a Gaussian. The width of the Gaussian is a 𝜎 value, a hyper-parameter which can be manually defined and manipulated to suit the application. Numerical methods are used to find all the minima of the quantum potential as they correspond to cluster centers. Herein, we investigate the mathematical task of expressing and finding all the roots of the exponential polynomial corresponding to the minima of a two-dimensional quantum potential. This is an outstanding task because normally such expressions are impossible to solve analytically. However, we prove that if the points are all included in a square region of size 𝜎, there is only one minimum. This bound is not only useful in the number of solutions to look for, by numerical means, it allows to to propose a new numerical approach “per block”. This technique decreases the number of particles (or samples) by approximating some groups of particles to weighted particles. These findings are not only useful to the quantum clustering problem but also for the exponential polynomials encountered in quantum chemistry, Solid-state Physics and other applications.
Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Classifiers for Intrusion Detection using UNSW-NB15 Dataset
Authors: Kocher Geeta , Kumar Gulshan
Published: December 2020

With the advancement of internet technology, the numbers of threats are also rising exponentially. To reduce the impact of these threats, researchers have proposed many solutions for intrusion detection. In the literature, various machine learning classifiers are trained on older datasets for intrusion detection which limits their detection accuracy. So, there is a need to train the machine learning classifiers on latest dataset. In this paper, UNSW-NB15, the latest dataset is used to train machine learning classifiers. On the basis of theoretical analysis, taxonomy is proposed in terms of lazy and eager learners. From this proposed taxonomy, KNearest Neighbors (KNN), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR) and Naïve Bayes (NB) classifiers are selected for training. The performance of these classifiers is tested in terms of Accuracy, Mean Squared Error (MSE), Precision, Recall, F1-Score, True Positive Rate (TPR) and False Positive Rate (FPR) on UNSW-NB15 dataset and comparative analysis of these machine learning classifiers is carried out. The experimental results show that RF classifier outperforms other classifiers.
Multi Image Steganography using Distributed LSB Algorithm and Secret Text Recovery on Stego Image Corruption
Authors: Jayapandiyan Jagan Raj , Kavitha C. Kavitha , Sakthivel K. Sakthivel
Published: December 2020

In this proposed research work, an attempt has been made to use multiple image files for steganography encoding along with the capability of secret text recovery in the event of any image corruption during the transit. This algorithm is effective on the security factor of secret image since the embedded checksum will validate for any unauthorized users or intruders attempt to corrupt the picture in any aspect. If any of the stego image underwent any steganalysis or MiM attack, then this proposed algorithm can effectively regenerate the content of one stego image using other intact stego images received in the receiving end.
IS SOCIAL SUPPORT MODERATES BETWEEN WORKLOAD AND EMOTIONAL EXHAUSTION?
Authors: Khan Faisal , Md Rasli Amran , Zahra Tehseen
Published: December 2020

The central theme of the study is to investigate influence of workload on burnout dimensions, especially emotional exhaustion, and explores the moderating effect of social support. Data has collected through the Cross-sectional method over questionnaire in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The overall level of emotional exhaustion among employees is high as compared to other professions. Both, the job demands and resources were associated with burnout, especially workload has main predictor of emotional exhaustion. It further suggests that exhaustion of the employees has been minimized by making reasonable demands in working environment. Also, from findings, social support influence workload and emotional exhaustion, where it concludes that resources increase level of emotional exhaustion and demands are decreased. Future research is needed to deal with the substantive problems and methodological limitations of the present study.
CPEC THROUGH THE LENS OF PRINT MEDIA: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS OF PAKISTAN AND CHINA
Authors: Ahamd Waqar , Ali Sajjad , Yaseen Zahid
Published: December 2020

This study aimed at evaluating print media’s agenda regarding China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), flagship Belt and Road initiative, and a huge development plan between China and Pakistan. For this purpose, researchers collected data from a Pakistani newspaper The News International and a Chinese newspaper Daily China to compare the portrayal of CPEC. Quantitative analysis was used for collection of data, which was collected through purposive sampling. The timeframe of the study is from January 1, 2018, to June 30, 2018. The results supported the study’s objectives and hypotheses. It is concluded that both the newspapers covered CPEC; however, The News International published more CPEC-related project stories than China Daily. The former paper published 57 news stories, while the latter published 33. The variables of the study were revenue and economy, services and employment, transport & infrastructure, energy & power, investment and security, debt and economic aid, environmental destruction, cheap labor, ethnic conflict and international, and sovereignty. Study revealed that both newspapers framed the project positively, although some frames were negative.
EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON PROFESSIONAL MOTIVATION
Authors: Jabeen Afshan , Asghar Khan Muhamamd , Manzoor Mehwish
Published: December 2020

The present study was an attempt to examine influence of leadership styles upon professional motivation of lecturers (PE). The population of this current research comprised of the Lecturers (PE) performing in all government public colleges in Punjab. No sampling technique was preferred due to the accessible population in a particular study. Two self-designed, Likert type scales (the leadership style and professional motivation) were used for collecting of the required data. Overall, 80% return response rate was recorded. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using both the descriptive and inferential statistics. The formulated hypotheses were tested with a significant level of 0.5. The study results from regression show significant influence of leadership styles on the professional motivation of lecturers. Similarly, prediction of professional motivation through the leadership styles over stepwise regression also provides the information about the dominant role of the transformational leadership style as compared to other leadership styles.
CO-EDUCATION VERSUS SINGLE-GENDER EDUCATION: INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ON THE STUDENT SELF-ESTEEM, CONFIDENCE LEVEL, AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Yasin Bushra , Azim Muhammad , Qayyum Aminah
Published: December 2020

Different education sectors are playing active role in the development of students like performance, self-esteem, and confidence. To fulfill the study purpose, the researcher used 2 scales (Rosen Berg self-esteem and Dr. John confidence level scale) and collected the data from the students of both of the specified educational settings. The students of universities of the district Faisalabad were the study population, and students of 3 selective universities were the sample of the study. After data collection, the researcher applied one-way ANOVA to check the impact of all variables on students’ academic achievement. The study results showed no significant impact of both types of education on students’ academic achievement but it has a significant impact on their confidence level and the self-esteem. At the end of the paper, it was recommended that teachers need to focus on student confidence level and self-esteem to build their good personalities leading to the higher academic achievements.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Gaza Marches of Return Coverage in Selected Newspapers
Authors: Taha Yakoub Abu , Al-Khanji Rajai
Published: December 2020

The current study aimed at discovering biases through comparing the used journalistic and lexicalizations practices in quotations patterns and representations of social actors in news coverage of the Gaza Marches of Return. The selected newspapers were The Guardian, the New York Times, The Jordan Times and Haaretz. The study sample comprised 32 news articles and 8 editorials. The findings of the study revealed that more space was given to Israeli political and military actors over their Palestinian counterparts in the New York Times and Haaretz. The Guardian and the Jordan Times quotations of Palestinian civilian actors focused on human suffering and casualties themes while Haaretz and the NYT quoted them instigating deadly attacks among other themes. The use of negative themes along with negative speakers’ descriptions of Palestinian political actors revealed biased stances against Palestinian Civilian Actors. In addition, the used reporting verbs, unbalanced quotations distributions and word counts of social actors’ quotations pointed at biased practices and adoption of one party narrative in the case of the NYT, Haaretz and the Jordan Times.
Fontes de Apoio Social em contextos de pobreza: o que dizem as comunidades rurais?
Authors: Ximenes Verônica Morais , Carvalho Maria Aparecida Alves Sobreira , Alves Kelly Da Silva , Bacelar Bibiana Cardoso , Vale David Maia Laurindo do
Published: December 2020

Esse artigo tem como objetivo compreender as fontes de apoio social utilizadas pelos moradores de comunidades rurais nas regiões Nordeste, Norte e Sul do Brasil, analisadas como estratégias de enfrentamento às situações de opressão decorrentes da pobreza. Foram realizados 14 grupos focais, analisados em quatro dimensões: apoio familiar, apoio comunitário, apoio religioso e apoio institucional, com a utilização do software Atlas ti 5.2. Os resultados apontam que a família é o apoio diante de situações de angustia e privações decorrentes dos contextos de pobreza, reiterando a sua função no suporte emocional e na segurança material. O apoio comunitário se relaciona também ao apoio emocional e à partilha dos bens disponíveis, com poucas referências às lutas comunitárias. A espiritualidade, analisada como apoio religioso, é um campo de consolo existencial que se amplia a partir da precarização do apoio institucional. Esse apoio institucional, advindo das políticas públicas de saúde, educação e assistência social, apareceu na realidade dessas comunidades, no entanto com algumas dificuldades de funcionamento. Estudar o apoio social em comunidades rurais pobres busca superar os estudos que identificam a pobreza apenas como ausência, carência ou limitações, esquecendo a existência de espaços de potencialidades e enfrentamento.
O que (não) dizem as entrelinhas: Análise dos casos de abandono de uma clínica-escola em psicologia
Authors: Farias Isabela Cedro , Alves Samara Vasconcelos , Vieira Camilla Araújo Lopes
Published: December 2020

Estudos sobre clínicas-escola de psicologia constatam elevados índices de desistência/abandono nos atendimentos individuais. Diante dessa informação, este artigo trata da análise dos encaminhamentos feitos da atenção básica da saúde a uma clínica-escola de psicologia de uma instituição de ensino superior. Nosso objetivo é aprofundar o entendimento, nesse contexto específico, das causas que levam ao abandono e também explorar a diferença existente entre conveniência e resistência ao tratamento. Foi realizada uma pesquisa mista, de caráter quanti-qualitativo e documental. O corpus foi composto por 133 prontuários, do período de 2014 a 2016, de usuários que interromperam o tratamento. Os dados foram analisados à luz da Análise de Discurso Crítica (ADC) através das categorias analíticas interdiscursividade e intertextualidade. Os resultados mostraram que variáveis relacionadas a problemáticas sociais tem um peso tão significativo quanto o desejo dos pacientes de permanecerem em atendimento. O estudo também revelou que os motivos que levam ao abandono são diversos e singulares. A expectativa dos pacientes de um tratamento que esteja em conformidade com o modelo biomédico e farmacológico, por exemplo, foi um fator de abandono. A pesquisa concluiu que as clínicas-escola são espaços que sobrevivem e resistem no trabalho de acolhida dos sujeitos em sofrimento.
Diffusion of Innovation: Adoption of Learning Management System Technology in Emerging Market Economies
Authors: Khan Rashid , Dania Akash , Osman Dialdin , Gettins Dexter
Published: December 2020

The market for the next-generation learning management system (LMS) for higher education is poised to grow by the US $3.04 billion during 2020-2024 (MarketWatch, 2020), creating technological opportunities in the higher education learning landscape particularly due to growth in remote learning due to COVID-19 pandemic. This rapid growth necessitates an urgent need to integrate technology with the instructional design in academic programs at the Higher Educational Institutes (HEIs) globally.  The existing literature on the LMS suggests a considerable resistance among the instructor group towards technology adoption in pedagogic strategy.  LMS has been in existence for almost two decades, however, they have not been leveraged to their full potential. An understanding of the nature of technology adoption among instructor group is even more pronounced for the HEIs of emerging market economies (EMEs). An efficient and technology-inspired educational construct will boost the overall competitiveness of the EME's in their respective population skill development and attracting foreign investments for industrial growth. Moreover, given the lessons learned from the epidemiological uncertainties, such as most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic, educators should be prepared to utilize LMS to their full potential. The purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers and motivators in LMS adoption among emerging market economy HEIs and to propose a technology adoption model based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (V. Venkatesh et. al., 2012). The results of this study suggest implementing a dynamic feedback mechanism of technology adoption by instructors, and the need for HEIs to articulate strategic plan goals that focus on faculty professional development in the use of technology to build confidence among instructor group to enable the adoption of technology for instruction.
Low rise reinforced concrete buildings of limited ductility
Authors: Glogau O. A.
Published: December 2020

The New Zealand Loading Code sets earthquake design levels which are intended, amongst other factors, to reflect the manner in which seismic energy will be dissipated by a structure. In this paper the load levels prescribed for reinforced concrete structures unlikely to behave in a flexural ductile manner, are compared with the strength and behaviour of structures of similar type affected by 3 recent Japanese earthquakes. The adequacy of some of the provisions in the current loading and concrete code and modifications proposed for the design of these so called structures of limited ductility in a companion paper by L.M. Robinson are examined.
Successful Endovascular Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis with a Novel, Larger Aspiration Catheter (REACT): A Case Report
Authors: Sundar Kaushik , Paulraj Sabharisundarvel , Choudhury Shuvro Roy , Hassan Haseeb , Sengupta Judhajit , Pattari Sanjib Kumar
Published: December 2020

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare clinical entity, with clinical presentations extending from headache and seizures to coma and death. For adults developing progressive neurological worsening despite adequate medical management, endovascular thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy may be considered as treatment options. We present one such patient with CVT who developed seizures and slipped into a coma, despite best medical management. A large-bore aspiration catheter was used as a standalone system for the endovascular procedure. The venous sinuses were successfully re-canalized. The patient was discharged a week later with a modified Rankin scale of 2. Studies show that endovascular thrombolysis used alone or in conjunction with thrombectomy for CVT has a higher risk of hemorrhagic complications. If we were to use mechanical thrombectomy devices (that are specifically designed for intracranial clot retrieval) as a stand-alone system, we would probably have better clinical outcomes with a lower risk of hemorrhagic complications.
Changemaking and English Language Learners (Els): Language, Content and Skill Development through Experiential Education
Authors: Alexandrowicz Viviana
Published: December 2020

The idea of offering all children and youth an education that is experiential, student centered, engaging, and relevant to life is not a new concept (Dewey, 1938; Kolb, 1981). Preparing students with the competencies, skills, and character for full participation in the 21st century has become the vision of schools, educators, and organizations around the world (NEA, 2020; Geisinger, 2016; Trilling, B. & Fadel, C. 2009). Changemaker teachers, staff, and administrators believe in facilitating children and youth development as citizens for the 21st century. These educators also guide them as agents of change who empathize with others and solve real life problems for the greater good. These children and youth are what Ashoka calls “Changemakers”. (Ashoka, 2020). This article explores the potential for facilitating the development of English Learners (Els) as Changemakers by using effective Second Language Acquisition (SLA) approaches in combination with experiential approaches. The intent is to contribute a theoretical framework and curriculum ideas for effective practice to help English language learners develop language, access content, and develop 21st century skills as Changemaker attributes.
The Synergistic Financial Effect of Corporate Political Activities: The Case of Listed Canadian Companies
Authors: Dicko Saidatou
Published: December 2020

Corporate political activities can bring genuine political capital to firms and are an effective way to access key resources to boost financial capital and maximize profits. These activities fall into three categories: coopting ex-politicians to decision-making bodies (board of directors and top management) to benefit from their social capital; lobbying to directly influence public policy; and making financial contributions to the activities of political parties and committees. This study asks the following question: what is the combined effect of two of these activities (political connections and lobbying) on the financial and accounting indicators of Canadian listed companies? We argue that engaging in corporate political activities allows firms to accumulate a type of political capital that we define as the sum of all political activities conducted by an individual company. To perform our research, we analyzed Canadian companies listed on the S&P/TSX composite index from 2012 through 2016. Results show that firms with this type of political capital are generally in a better financial position than those without it. A significant correlation was found between a firm’s political capital and its main sources of financing (equity and long-term debt) as well as with its ROE. Political capital has more positive impacts on key firm financial indicators than does each type of political activity on its own (synergistic effect).
Entrepreneurship and Crowdfunding in Lebanon: ABC Model of Attitude
Authors: Saleh Lena , Kinaan Amar
Published: December 2020

In light of insufficient traditional methods of funding of entrepreneurial projects and ventures in Lebanon, crowdfunding is proposed as an alternative funding mechanism. Crowdfunding is a way for entrepreneurs to fund their projects via dedicated online platforms where the needed capital is accumulated from small contributions from a large number of interested individuals: the crowd. Since the people are at the center, it is vital to address their attitudes toward participating as funders. For this aim, the researcher derives from previous studies and the present literature a conceptual framework that proposes to explain what impacts attitudes toward participating as funders in crowdfunding. The model is tested via a questionnaire targeted to 457 workers located in the four main regions of Lebanon. Results of the statistical analysis confirmed the proposed model and confirmed 3 out of 4 of the hypotheses pertaining to the variables (enthusiasm, trust, and experience) and gave insights concerning awareness, understanding, and attitudes regarding crowdfunding in Lebanon. The study provides recommendations for improvement of the status of crowdfunding in Lebanon for the benefit of entrepreneurs, SMEs, and the economy.
Filología Z: convergencias, redes y metaliteratura en los remakes zombis hispanos
Authors: Calzón García José Antonio
Published: December 2020

El artículo, a partir del peso específico que cobran en la cultura zombi las relaciones transficcionales y los saltos transmediales, analiza los principales remakes Z hispanos —inspirados en el Lazarillo, en el Quijote y en La casa de Bernarda Alba—, viendo en estos cruces e interferencias de diferentes códigos, así como referencias intertextuales que arrancan fundamentalmente del uso de la metaliteratura como mecanismo legitimador frente a una obra original que sirve al receptor para recodificarla/expansionarla en una nueva versión que busca establecer diálogos entre la literatura realista y la cultura pop de corte no mimético.
Soledad y erotismo en De círculo y ceniza de Piedad Bonnett
Authors: Urralburu Marcelo
Published: December 2020

A pesar de que De círculo y ceniza (1989), el primer poemario de Piedad Bonnett, ha sido considerado un libro heterogéneo, escrito a lo largo de casi una década, y con una organización caprichosa, este trabajo se propone estudiar de forma orgánica sus diferentes partes para encontrar un hilo conductor o una trama que no es tan dispersa como se presupone. Con este objetivo, aplicamos un marco teórico para abordar cuestiones estéticas como, por ejemplo, la figuración del flanêur bogotano y el universo erótico y amoroso de la poeta a la luz de pensadores como Octavio Paz o Georges Bataille.
Morphological and Molecular Evidence for the Occurrence of Hodophilus variabilipes (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) in Poland
Authors: Chachuła Piotr , Halama Marek , Pencakowski Bartosz
Published: December 2020

Hodophilus variabilipes, a species hitherto unknown in Poland, has been reported from a single locality in the Pieniny Mts (S Poland). The first studies on H. variabilipes were those of macro- and microscopic features and molecular characteristics (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences). Here, a brief description and illustration of H. variabilipes based on Polish material are given, and the ecology and characteristics distinguishing H. variabilipes from related species of the genus Hodophilus are briefly discussed.
Gut Archaea in the context of human diseases*
Authors: Krawczyk Agnieszka , Salamon Dominika , Kowalska-Duplaga Kinga , Gosiewski Tomasz
Published: December 2020

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ANALYSIS OF THE NOTION “CIVIL LAW CULTURE”
Authors:   Ural State University of Physical Culture, Basharin I.V.
Published: December 2020

Formation of the students’ “civil law culture” is one of the main tasks that are being solved by vocational educational institutions. To solve this task is necessary to understand the essence of this notion, its main components. The author conducts the analysis of the notions “civil law culture”, “law culture” from various scientific angles, the basic characteristics of the given notions are outlined in this respect. The change of cultural paradigms connected with the general digitalization has led to the introduction of the new notions such as “digital citizenship”, “digital rights and duties”. It should be taken into account in forming “civil law culture” of the graduates of secondary vocational educational institutions.
THE ATTITUDE OF CONVICTS TO EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES DEPENDING ON WHETHER OR NOT THEY RECEIVE EDUCATION IN PLACES OF DETENTION
Authors:   Penal colony № 2, Galkina G.D.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of a survey aimed at studying the issue of the attitude of convicts to the implementation of educational programs in places of detention. A comparative analysis is conducted including a questionnaire survey results of the two questionnaire groups of convicts: students during the period of serving their sentences and those who do not master educational programs during their stay in a correctional colony is conducted. The research has led to the conclusion that the convicts feel the need for education whether they receive it or not during the period of serving a sentence, moreover, the number of such respondents in groups that study is much higher.
MANAGEMENT OF ACADEMIC MOBILITY OF STUDENTS IN EDUCATION INFORMATIZATION CONDITIONS AS A PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM
Authors:   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Stabrovskaya A.V.
Published: December 2020

The problem of implementing of information technology in the management of university academic mobility was analyzed. The organizational and pedagogical conditions and mandatory technological strategies for international exchanges and the ways of creating the information infrastructure of the university’s international activities were described on the basis of Moscow Pedagogical State University. Particular attention is paid to the connection of technological support of academic mobility and the formation of cultural competencies of students. The author concludes that the term “academic mobility” is transformed, and treats it as a distance, cultural, social, organizational interaction of students, faculty and administrative staff and defines it as an important pedagogical problem.
Def6 regulates endogenous type-I interferon responses in osteoblasts and suppresses osteogenesis
Authors: Deng Zhonghao , Ng Courtney , Inoue Kazuki , Chen Ziyu , Xia Yuhan , Hu Xiaoyu , Greenblatt Matthew , Pernis Alessandra , Zhao Baohong
Published: December 2020

Bone remodeling involves a balance between bone resorption and formation. The mechanisms underlying bone remodeling are not well understood. DEF6 is recently identified as a novel loci associated with bone mineral density. However, it is unclear how Def6 impacts bone remodeling. We identify Def6 as a novel osteoblastic regulator that suppresses osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. Def6 deficiency enhances both bone resorption and osteogenesis. The enhanced bone resorption in Def6-/- mice dominates, leading to osteoporosis. Mechanistically, Def6 inhibits the differentiation of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts via a common mechanism through endogenous type-I IFN-mediated feedback inhibition. RNAseq analysis shows expression of a group of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) during osteoblastogenesis. Furthermore, we found that Def6 is a key upstream regulator of IFNβ and ISG expression in osteoblasts. Collectively, our results identify a novel immunoregulatory function of Def6 in bone remodeling, and shed insights into the interaction between immune system and bone.
The Neuroprotective Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Valproic Acid Induced Autistic Features in Mice
Authors: Al-Gholam Marwa A , Ameen Omnia
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are among the severe developmental disorders, but have no specific treatments available. Ginkgo biloba (GK) has been reported to affect the neurotransmitter system and have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that could impact the pathogenesis of valproic acid-induced autistic features. Aim: To identify the neuromodulatory effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on ASD induced by valproic acid in mice. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar albino mice, 14-day-old, were used and divided into four groups (6 mice/group): Control, Ginkgo biloba extract-treated group {received GK at a dose 100 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection once daily from Postnatal Day (PND) 13 to PND 40}, Valproic acid-treated group (VPA) (received Sodium Valproate at a dose 400 mg/kg via subcutaneous injection once on PND14), and Valproic acid + Ginkgo biloba extract-treated group (received VPA on PND14 and GK from PND 13 to PND 40). Neuro-behaviour tests (Open field, Social approach (three-chamber) test and T-maze spontaneous alternation) of mice were assessed. Biochemical tests (brain tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β1) and serum interleukin-17 (IL-17) were done. Also, histopathological, immunohistochemical and morphometric studies for the cerebellum were done. Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis of the different groups followed by a post-hoc Tukey test. Results: VPA showed significant neuro-behavioural changes with a significant increase of (MDA, IL-6 and IL-17) and a significant decrease in (GSH and TGF-β1). Histopathological results revealed widespread neuronal affection, specifically of the Purkinje Cells (PCs) layer with a significant decrease in the expression of Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) and Serotonin. Ginkgo biloba ameliorated significantly VPA-induced autistic changes. Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba extract can ameliorate the autistic changes in mice through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities in addition to its ability to modulate serotonin and MBP expression. It can be concluded that GK can be used as a potential disease-modifying treatment for Autism.
A Study on Perception of Students Regarding Newer Teaching Methods in Medical Education
Authors: Ramya Chitturi , Sandhya Variganji Krupal , Ramya Potti , Renuka Inuganti Venkata , Atchyuta Mathi , Anusha Mullagura , Garima Bontha , Meghana BP
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Learning is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. Research findings suggest that a deep, integrated understanding of the basic sciences is important for solving clinically relevant tasks. Evidence suggests that students today may be more engaged and learn better when there are different teaching approaches incorporated into the educational environment. Crossword Puzzle (CWP) is a form of active learning which is helpful to review and summarise concepts. Mind Map (MM) is a powerful graphic technique that can be applied to improve learning and clearer thinking. E-learning is an innovative modern technology which can support and enrich medical education. Aim: To assess the perceptions of students regarding newer teaching methods like CWPs, MMs and online resources in medical education. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Pathology for 2nd year Medical, Physiotherapy and Nursing students for a period of one year from October 2018 to September 2019. A total of 206 students participated in the study, of which 90 were MBBS students, 30 were Physiotherapy students and 86 were Nursing students. Newer teaching methods like CWPs and MMs were introduced in the classes. A feedback form was given at the end of the class and their responses were collected regarding newer methods. Perceptions of students regarding newer teaching methods were represented using descriptive statistics in frequencies and percentages. Results: Female students were more compared to male students across all the branches with 63.3% female students in MBBS, 80% in Physiotherapy and 82.6% in Nursing. 84.4% of MBBS students, 86.7% of Physiotherapy students and 97.7% of nursing students were interested in filling CWPs. 94.4% of MBBS students, 93.3% of Physiotherapy students and 100% of nursing students opined that MMs help in memory retention. 93.3% of MBBS students, 96.7% of Physiotherapy students and 91.9% of nursing students wanted newer teaching methods to be part of the curriculum. Conclusion: Educators need to constantly change their teaching methods in order to hold the attention of students. CWP’s and MM’s created interest among the students in learning subject. CWPs enhanced group interaction among peers whereas MMs helped in retaining the key points and also bringing out the creative talent.
Role of Health Financing in Provision of Health Care and Universal Health Coverage in India
Authors: Dehury Ranjit Kumar , Sripathi Nishchala , Acharyulu GVRK , Mohapatra Jagatabandhu , Narayana Surya
Published: December 2020

Financing is an important aspect of any program for successful transformation. Financial commitment of government is considered to be the highest form of commitment for successful work. Without budgetary provision, no program can achieve the desired target. The role of health financing of central government, international donor agencies, provincial government, and local bodies have been identified. The paper focused on monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for health financing in the context of recent developments. Health financing models have been discussed to gain an understanding about relation of financing and overall healthcare development. The search engines like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and jstor (journal storage) were consulted to unearth the mechanism of health finances for development of good health. The paper put forth various themes and sub-themes according to financial implications on health structure of India. All healthcare programs need a continuous stream of resources like medicine, workforce, physical infrastructure, monitoring, and evaluation to achieve good health. Whereas, different stakeholders also need financial support to evolve with great vigour and vivacity. There is a pressing need to infuse financial resources into public health system for achievement of universal health care rather than incremental growth in traditional financial processes spreading over several decades. The specific roles and responsibilities of central, provincial, local governments and international donors have to be delineated to expedite resource mobilisation. However, while implementing programs, there should be coordination among all the stakeholders.
Incidental Detection of Microfilaria in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology- A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Rath Gayatri , Panda Ashok Kumar
Published: December 2020

Lymphatic filariasis, a major global health problem, is a mosquito-borne parasitic disease, encountered mainly in the tropics and subtropics. The disease is endemic in Southeast Asia, including the Indian subcontinent. It is transmitted by mosquitoes and is caused by the filarial nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. Usually, the infected person remains asymptomatic for years together and later manifests with features and consequences of lymphatic obstruction. The adult forms of the nematodes live in human lymphatics, whereas the infective larval form, the microfilaria circulates in the peripheral blood. The nocturnal periodicity of the microfilaria makes it challenging to detect in routine peripheral blood smear examinations. Also, it is quite unusual to find the microfilaria in fine needle aspirations. However, rare cases have been reported in certain unusual sites, like lymph nodes, cutaneous swellings, bone marrow, bronchial aspirate, breast, nipple discharge, cervicovaginal smears, pleural, pericardial, ascitic fluids, ovarian cyst fluids or even thyroid. Very few cases of microfilaria in thyroid aspirates have been reported till date. Also, it is unusual to find microfilaria in lymph node and breast aspirations. Herewith, three cases of microfilariasis are reported at three uncommon sites like thyroid, lymph node and breast.
Differentiation of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma from solid malignant pulmonary nodules by radiomic analysis on multiphasic CT
Authors: Ni Xiao‐Qiong , Yin Hong‐kun , Fan Guo‐hua , Shi Dai , Xu Liang , Jin Dan
Published: December 2020

Purpose

To investigate the diagnostic value and feasibility of radiomics‐based texture analysis in differentiating pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) from solid malignant pulmonary nodules (SMPN) on single‐ and three‐phase computed tomography (CT) images.

Materials and Methods

A total of 25 PSP patients and 35 SMPN patients with pathologically confirmed results were retrospectively included in this study. For each patient, the tumor regions were manually labeled in images acquired at the noncontrast phase (NCP), arterial phase (AP), and venous phase (VP). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was used to select the most useful predictive features extracted from the CT images. The predictive models that discriminate PSP from SMPN based on single‐phase CT images (NCP, AP, and VP) or three‐phase CT images (Combined model) were developed and validated through fivefold cross‐validation using a logistic regression classifier. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The predictive performance was also compared between the Combined model and human readers.

Results

Four, five, and five features were selected from NCP, AP, and VP CT images for the development of radiomic models, respectively. The NCP, AP, and VP models exhibited areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.748 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.620–0.852), 0.749 (95% CI, 0.620–0.852), and 0.790 (95% CI, 0.665–0.884) in the validation dataset, respectively. The Combined model based on three‐phase CT images outperformed the NCP, AP, and VP models (all p < 0.05), yielding an AUC of 0.882 (95% CI, 0.773–0.951) in the validation dataset. The Combined model displayed noninferior performance compared to two senior radiologists; however, it outperformed two junior radiologists (p = 0.004 and 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

The Combined model based on radiomic features extracted from three‐phase CT images achieved radiologist‐level performance and could be used as promising noninvasive tool to differentiate PSP from SMPN.
DNA Transformations for Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Ahn So Yeon , Liu Jin , Vellampatti Srivithya , Wu Yuzhou , Um Soong Ho
Published: December 2020

Due to its unique physical and chemical characteristics, DNA, which is known only as genetic information, has been identified and utilized as a new material at an astonishing rate. The role of DNA has increased dramatically with the advent of various DNA derivatives such as DNA–RNA, DNA–metal hybrids, and PNA, which can be organized into 2D or 3D structures by exploiting their complementary recognition. Due to its intrinsic biocompatibility, self‐assembly, tunable immunogenicity, structural programmability, long stability, and electron‐rich nature, DNA has generated major interest in electronic and catalytic applications. Based on its advantages, DNA and its derivatives are utilized in several fields where the traditional methodologies are ineffective. Here, the present challenges and opportunities of DNA transformations are demonstrated, especially in biomedical applications that include diagnosis and therapy. Natural DNAs previously utilized and transformed into patterns are not found in nature due to lack of multiplexing, resulting in low sensitivity and high error frequency in multi‐targeted therapeutics. More recently, new platforms have advanced the diagnostic ability and therapeutic efficacy of DNA in biomedicine. There is confidence that DNA will play a strong role in next‐generation clinical technology and can be used in multifaceted applications.
Doping and Design of Flexible Transparent Electrodes for High‐Performance Flexible Organic Solar Cells: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Fan Xi
Published: December 2020

Substantial effort has been devoted to both chemical doping and design of flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) for flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) in the past decade. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), graphene, metal nanostructures, metal oxide/ultrathin metal/metal oxide, Mxene, and their hybrid electrodes emerge to be the most promising flexible conducting materials over indium tin oxide. The FTE fabrications play a critical role in flexible OSCs. This feature review article summarizes the current status on the researches of the FTEs including various approaches and strategies to boost the conductivity, work function, mechanical flexibility, wettability, etc, which directly affect the performances of the flexible OSCs. The most cutting edge progresses on both FTEs and flexible OSCs are highlighted along the line. Advantages and plausible issues are pointed out. Perspectives are provided that can advance the developments of the flexible OSCs. This review raises the awareness for the importance of developing plenty of FTEs and reveals their critical role in flexible OSCs.
Mesopore to Macropore Transformation of Metal–Organic Framework for Drug Delivery in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Yin Yi , Yang Jingjing , Pan Yongchun , Gao Yanfeng , Huang Liangyu , Luan Xiaowei , Lin Zhengfan , Zhu Weiming , Li Yi , Song Yujun
Published: December 2020

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing autoimmune disease that is characterized by segmental intestinal inflammation. There is an urgent need for more efficient inflammation‐targeting strategies to improve therapeutic effect and reduce systemic drug exposure. Herein, an oxidation‐responsive metal–organic framework material (Ce‐MOF@PSS) is reported that preferentially adheres to inflamed intestine via enema. The overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) at inflammatory sites induces transformation of Ce‐MOF@PSS from mesopore to macropore with local drug release. In experimental colitis, the Ce‐MOF@PSS delivery system exhibits excellent inflammation‐targeting efficacy and superior therapeutic effect over free drug on suppressing inflammation and repairing intestinal barrier function. Accordingly, by targeting intestinal inflammation, increasing local drug concentrations, scavenging ROS, reducing systemic exposure, and exhibiting excellent safety profiles, it is considered that the Ce‐MOF drug delivery platform can be intensively developed as a translational nanomedicine for the management of IBD and other inflammatory diseases.
Strategy of Enhancing the Volumetric Energy Density for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Ya‐Tao , Liu Sheng , Li Guo‐Ran , Gao Xue‐Ping
Published: December 2020

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries hold the promise of the next generation energy storage system beyond state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries. Despite the attractive gravimetric energy density (WG), the volumetric energy density (WV) still remains a great challenge for the practical application, based on the primary requirement of Small and Light for Li–S batteries. This review highlights the importance of cathode density, sulfur content, electroactivity in achieving high energy densities. In the first part, key factors are analyzed in a model on negative/positive ratio, cathode design, and electrolyte/sulfur ratio, orientated toward energy densities of 700 Wh L−1/500 Wh kg−1. Subsequently, recent progresses on enhancing WV for coin/pouch cells are reviewed primarily on cathode. Especially, the “Three High One Low” (THOL) (high sulfur fraction, high sulfur loading, high density host, and low electrolyte quantity) is proposed as a feasible strategy for achieving high WV, taking high WG into consideration simultaneously. Meanwhile, host materials with desired catalytic activity should be paid more attention for fabricating high performance cathode. In the last part, key engineering technologies on manipulating the cathode porosity/density are discussed, including calendering and dry electrode coating. Finally, a future outlook is provided for enhancing both WV and WG of the Li–S batteries.
Ratiometric Luminescent Thermometry with Excellent Sensitivity over a Broad Temperature Range Utilizing Thermally‐Assisted and Multiphoton Upconversion in Triply‐Doped La2O3:Yb3+/Er3+/Nd3+
Authors: Gao Guojun , Busko Dmitry , Katumo Ngei , Joseph Reetu , Madirov Eduard , Turshatov Andrey , Howard Ian A. , Richards Bryce S.
Published: December 2020

A ratiometric optical thermometer based on triply‐doped La2O3:Yb3+/Er3+/Nd3+ microcrystals is reported with a relative sensitivity above 1% K−1 in the entire range from 300–700 K, and is between 1.8–0.7% K−1 over the range 290–833 K. The 825 nm upconversion (UC) emission from the Nd3+ 4F5/2 level relies on thermally‐assisted energy transfer from Yb3+; thus, unusually, the near‐infrared emission increases with increasing temperature in the relevant range. More typically, the two‐photon 660 nm UC from Er3+ 4F9/2 level decreases in intensity with increasing temperature due to increasing non‐radiative rates. The variation of fluorescent intensity ratio between these emissions is amplified by their opposite responses to temperature change leading to excellent sensitivity. Concurrently, the different pathways for the temperature response in the two emitting ions enable the high sensitivity to be maintained over an atypically broad temperature range. The wide separation in wavelength means that a standard silicon‐based monochrome camera with broad (inexpensive) band pass filters is sufficient to use this phosphor for thermography. The concept of combining thermally‐activated UC with classical Stokes‐shifted emission is demonstrated to provide combined features of excellent and broad‐range sensitivity plus excellent repeatability. Materials based on this concept are very promising for optical thermometry.
Matrix‐Free Hyperfluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Carbene–Metal–Amides
Authors: Cho Hwan‐Hee , Romanov Alexander S. , Bochmann Manfred , Greenham Neil C. , Credgington Dan
Published: December 2020

A wide‐gap host matrix is a major obstacle detrimentally influencing the performance of hyperfluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes since it substantially increases driving voltage. Moreover, these hyperfluorescent devices typically require at least three components in their emitting layer, which is unfavorable for mass production. To tackle the issue, hyperfluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes are reported based on a two‐component emissive system of carbene–metal–amide donors and conventional fluorescent acceptors. A significant reduction of the driving voltage versus three‐component hyperfluorescent devices at practical brightness (1000 cd m–2) is demonstrated, leading to a doubling of power conversion efficiency for some composites. From an analysis of thin‐film photophysics, it is shown that operational efficiency is limited by Dexter energy transfer between donors and acceptors, which may be reduced by tert‐butyl steric substituents, providing new targets for molecular design. While reducing driving voltage, matrix‐free hyperfluorescent devices also achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency of 16.5%.