bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una "memoria de apariencias" inédita de Calderón y otros documentos sobre la representación de sus autos, y los de Rojas Zorrilla, en Toledo entre 1640 y 1645
Authors: Madroñal Durán Abraham
Published: July 2017

Fecha de recepción: 31 de octubre de 2007.Fecha de aceptación: 16 de enero de 2008.En este trabajo el autor ofrece varios documentos de interés, conservados en el Archivo Municipal de Toledo: una desconocida, e inédita hata ahora, memoria de apariencias del auto calderoniano La humildad coronada -representado en Toledo en 1644-, así como las memorias de apariencias de dos autos de Rojas Zorrilla -representados, con la misma ocasión, un año después, en el escenario del Corpus toledano-, y algún otro documento relacionado con los autos. Las memorias son un conjunto de instrucciones sobre la configuración de tramoyas y escenarios que el autor mandaba, generalmente de su puño y letra, a quienes disponían los decorados y el tablado de la representación para auxiliarlos en su labor. El valor de estos documentos es indudable: gracias a ellos es posible tener una idea más clara del escenario en que se desarrollaban los autos, ayudan a resolver problemas de datación o atribución y a comprobar los posibles ajustes, de parte del dramaturgo, derivados de las sugerencias de los encargados de montar estos autos.
Ni hablar, ni pensar, ni soñar. Análisis histórico de su transformación en unidades fraseológicas
Authors: Pérez Salazar Carmela
Published: July 2017

Fecha de recepción: 15 de julio de 2008.Fecha de aceptación: 9 de octubre de 2008. Este trabajo presenta un análisis diacrónico de tres secuencias formularias del español actual: ni hablar (de eso), ni pensar(lo), ni soñar(lo), que coinciden en su estructura, en la naturaleza de los elementos que las integran y en su valor idiomático. Con la revisión de la presencia histórica de cada una de ellas en nuestro idioma, se quieren descubrir no sólo las etapas de transformación que recorren hasta el momento en el que adquieren la condición de unidades fraseológicas, sino especialmente la motivación común que dio origen a su empleo como tales fórmulas.
Rafael García Pérez, ¿Qué hacíamos y qué hacemos? El verbo 'hacer' en la historia del español. Cilengua, San Millán de la Cogolla, 2007.
Authors: Garcés Gómez María Pilar
Published: July 2017

Se reseñó el libro: ¿Qué hacíamos y qué hacemos? El verbo hacer en la historia del español.
Manuel Peñalver Castillo, La Andalucía lingüística de Valera. Editorial Octaedro Andalucía-Ediciones Mágina, Las Gabias (Granada), 2007; 255 pp.
Authors: Latorre Rodríguez María Gracia
Published: July 2017

Se reseñó el libro: La Andalucía lingüística de Valera.
ACQUISITION COMPLETION OR ABANDONMENT: The effect of revealed comparative advantage in the M&A pre-integration process
Authors: Doan Trang
Published: July 2017

This paper explores the effect of revealed comparative advantage in the M&A pre-integration process. Revealed comparative advantage reflects the advantage of a particular industry in trade compared to other industries. It is measured by the share of a sector’s exports in the overall country-wide exports, compared to the share of that sector’s exports in the total exports of a group of countries. In this study, we examine whether revealed comparative advantage could determine the completion likelihood of an M&A deal and the duration of M&A pre-integration process. A binary logistic regression model and a multiple regression model were performed with a sample of 260 mergers and acquisitions to test for the possible relationships. The evidence demonstrates that revealed comparative advantage of targets can reduce the likelihood of consummating acquisition deals as well as prolong the decision-making period of M&A announcements. Additionally, revealed comparative advantage of acquirers’ industries can help to reduce the length of the pre-integration phase.

Keywords: acquisition completion, acquisition abandonment, acquisition duration, revealed comparative advantage.
AN OVERVIEW OF CREDIT REPORT/CREDIT SCORE MODELS AND A PROPOSAL FOR VIETNAM
Authors: Le Thinh
Published: July 2017

Having a national credit database system would help financial institutions (FIs) reduce credit risk and reduce non-recovered bad debts. The government will feel at ease when FIs and the people are protected from bad debts in a sustainably developing and transparent market. On the other hand, borrowers will also receive benefit. Those who have good credit history will be provided with a more favorable interest rate and less requirements, or even without collateral.

 In 2014 the Vietnam National Assembly passed the Citizen Identity Law, which requires the government to issue a unique lifetime personal identification number for each citizen (starting 2016). This will play a crucial role in building a national credit database system. In this article we will give an overview of credit report and credit score models, mainly in the United States. Based on that, we draft a detailed proposal for a national credit database system which can be implemented in Vietnam.
Technology in Latin America’s Past and Present: New Evidence from the Patent Records
Authors: Beatty Edward , Pineda Yovanna , Sáiz Patricio
Published: July 2017

In spite of important recent work on the history of technology and the dynamics of technological change in Latin America, the literature in this field remains relatively undeveloped. In part, this is due to a relative scarcity of available sources for conducting research. This research note argues that national patent records are an important and untapped source for a wide range of studies on technology and technological change. The research note announces the creation of major new comprehensive databases of patent records in several Latin American countries, part of a larger, ongoing project to compile and make publically accessible patent records across the region. We also provide an introduction to the history of patents in Latin America, followed by a discussion of both the use (and misuse) of patents as historical evidence and recent advances in collecting and using patent evidence in Latin America.
Policing Economic Growth: Mining, Protest, and State Discourse in Peru and Argentina
Authors: Taylor Ariel , Bonner Michelle D.
Published: July 2017

Since the 1980s, liberalized and newly stable markets have helped usher in an unprecedented mining boom across the Latin American region. However, despite the fact that this boom contributes to notable economic growth, protests in opposition to the expansion and practices of mining companies have also grown, often with violent results. How protests are policed matters, but more important for democracy is how state actors respond when violence is employed. We examine two instances of police repression of mining protests: one in Cajamarca, Peru, and the other in Catamarca, Argentina. We argue that, despite significant differences in context, there are important similarities in state discourse between countries. In particular, a vocabulary of protester wrongdoing and calls for a remedy of “dialogue” are employed in both cases as a way to facilitate the continuation and expansion of both mining and the repression of protests.
From Big Screens to Pasarelas: Studying Beauty in Latin America
Authors: Estill Adriana
Published: July 2017

This essay reviews the following works:

Making Up the Difference: Women, Beauty, and Direct Selling in Ecuador. By Erynn Masi de Casanova. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2011. Pp. xix + 239. $55.00 cloth: ISBN: 9780292723863.

Dolores del Río: Beauty in Light and Shade. By Linda B. Hall. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013. Pp. xvi + 358. $60 cloth. ISBN: 9780804784078.

Queen for a Day: Transformistas, Beauty Queens, and the Performance of Femininity in Venezuela. By Marcia Ochoa. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2014. Pp. xi + 277. $24.95 paper. ISBN: 9780822356264.

Of Beasts and Beauty: Gender, Race, and Identity in Colombia. By Michael Edward Stanfield. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2013. Pp. x + 280. $60.00 cloth. ISBN: 9780292745582.

Beauty and the Beast. By Michael Taussig. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012. Pp. x + 172. $18.00 paper. ISBN: 9780226789866.
Discussions about the Source and Universality of Moral Case
Authors: Bağcı Fatih Ufuk
Published: July 2017

The relevant meaning of moral has been constantly discussed topic in terms its sources and its universality. We have seen as the source of morality the Metaphysics in ancient times, Theology in the Middle Ages, and the information theory in new era. In modern times, we have different perspectives for the source of the formation of morality determined by good or bad reasons as a result depending on the individuals. Statements related to the source of moral and what forms the moral can be said in two words: one of them is human itself, and the other is the thought of existing love. On the other hand, it has been a subject for discussion if the moral is always valid, over the ages, objective and universal or something subjective that changes depending on individuals and also because of different societies. Therefore, who accepts moral as objective and universal, it is a propensity that comes from birth, but who thinks that moral is a subjective definition that changes lives depending on the society and during the period of time particular people live. In this study, we referred to the related debates about the issues and serious changes of technology and science which have brought to our lives but along with misuse of these facilities, such as the reality of violence against women, terrorism, human rights violations, But how about the meaning of moral, and its possible sources. If there is still a universal meaning of moral in this world that looks like now like a small village.
Universal Epidemiology of Insidious Meningococcal Syndrome
Authors: Valsa Gjovalin , Shkurti Enkelejda
Published: July 2017

Neisseria meningitidis is one of the principal sources of bacterial meningitis worldwide and can as well cause sepsis, pneumonia, and further expressions. In states with elevated widespread rates, the illness load puts a huge tension on the public health structure. The universal epidemiology of persistent meningococcal disease (IMD) diverges distinctly by area and in due course. This appraisal summarizes the burden of IMD in diverse states and recognizes the highest-incidence countries where habitual preventive programs aligned with Neisseria meningitidis would be essentially profitable in offering security. Accessible epidemiological figures from the past 20 years in World Health Organization and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control assortments and available articles are comprised in this review, in addition to straight statements with important specialists in the area. The nations were clustered into high-, moderate-, and low-occurrence states. The mainstream of countries in the elevated-occurrence set are located in the African meningitis belt; several reasonable-occurrence states are located in the European and African areas, and Australia, whereas low-occurrence countries comprise numerous from Europe and the Americas. Precedence nations for vaccine involvement are high- and restrained-incidence nations where vaccine-avoidable serogroups prevail. Epidemiological records on burden of IMD are required in nations where this is not distinguished, predominantly in South- East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean areas, so evidence-based assessments concerning the application of meningococcal vaccines can be created.
An Integrative Approach in Treating Complete Food Refusal in Children: a Case Study
Authors: Ismail Khamsiah , Hamid Siti Rafiah Abd
Published: July 2017

Eating disorders among children may be attributed to the range of complications associated with feeding problems; from mild (e. g. , missed meals) to total food rejection. Many early feeding problems can be diagnosed and corrected either by medical interventions, therapies or behavioural modification. Parents might use reward system in persuading them to eat and in extreme cases, pressure, force and punishment are also applied. There are also cases of children who do not eat at all and simply refuse to eat. For parents of children with feeding disorders, this is the beginning of a long and challenging journey that will include many medical and clinical experts. This paper presents the case study of a 13-year old boy with borderline autism, dyslexia and ADHD who did not consume any food at all i. e. complete food refusal for the first 12 and a half years of his life. In his treatment strategies, the therapist utilized a combination of several interventions strategies based on a few theoretical approaches. This integrative approach designed for his treatment intervention was divided into four phases comprising of: (i) Person-Centred; (ii) Behavioural Therapy; (iii) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy; and (iv) Psycho-educational. His family was also involved in the treatment. This study found that the approaches used in the treatment helps to improve the boy's eating problem as he started to eat pureed and soft food such as porridge. The therapy has also helped him gained self-confidence and improved his communication as well as social skills. He was healthier as he had not been admitted to hospital after the therapy ended. The findings of this study provide evidence that eating disorder problem involving children can be treated with psychotherapy. The treatment plan can be utilized to initiate suitable intervention as an effort to help children as well as adolescents manages their eating problems.
Social Media and its Impact on Decision Making for Trip
Authors: Shyle Irma , Hysi Vjollca
Published: July 2017

Social networks are not a new phenomenon of the human community. Social communication tools represent a revolution in terms of the possibility of publicity for enterprises. In this way mechanisms of social networks have not only changed the instruments, but also the communication. Social media is not focused exclusively on the development platform of promotion and communication, but also in the implementation of services to create new business opportunities and career. Professional groups present in networks are often closed and specifically dedicated towards specific groups in order to achieve defined objectives and set by direction of the company that benefit from these platforms. Social communications tools represent a revolution in terms of publicity opportunities for enterprises. Social media is becoming the key marketing tool for organizations who manage tourist destinations, in this way having a major impact on tourism markets. The role which social media is playing in various aspects of life is becoming increasingly every day, especially in areas such as social interaction and cultural and educational aspects of our lives. Social media are becoming important tools in marketing management for companies of tourist destinations, having a major impact on tourism markets. The arrival of new technologies such as social media have made it possible to change the way consumers seek information on their buying decisions. Ease of use, flexibility and interactivity offered by these social sites makes it easy for customers to get information that after all generate sales. These interactive web pages that have the status of social communities encourage consumers to interact with the community, strengthening prospects of customers. This will be resulted in customers who visit the community more often to get the desired information (Poon, A. 1993). With advices or knowledge that they get from the community they build the perception of destination and are used for making decisions by consumers. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the use of social media and the impact of social media in the decision making to travel by consumers choosing Albanian.
Reality and Imagination, the Potrait of Solitude, Suffering, Desperation and Exclusion, through the Existential Conscoiusnees in the Man’s Character
Authors: Talka Elda
Published: July 2017

Federigo Tozzi is a Classical Modern Italian writer of the Italian Literature in the early XXth century. The novel analyzed, The Clocks, is written by him and the central character is Bernardo Lotti a man who lives alone in his existence surrounded by clocks that are hanged on the walls around the house. The existential melancholy, ineptitude and loss, painful conception of the character’s life are the demonstration of the XXth century’s crisis in Europe and Italy. The writer tries to be evident with the modern myth of the impossibility of life between consciousness and the reality. The objects in this novel are vitalized and life was given to them. The character is seen through the mechanism of glance and the metaphoric use of the reality, an objective description by the writer and subjective interpretation of the consciousness from Bernardo. In the horizontal plane we have a slow trend and in the vertical plane a fast style, concentrated, with ellipsis of verbs.
Application of the Covert Measures with the Focus on Kosovo Legislation
Authors: Arifi Kadri
Published: July 2017

The sophisticated forms of the organized crime, the high level of risk, complexity and threatening potential of the terrorism, impose the need (among other measures) for the application of covert investigative measures, among other the interception of telecommunications in order to prevent and combat these threats. Measures and traditional methods used by security institutions and law enforcement agencies do not provide adequate results and this raises the need and necessity for application of covert measures. In particular, the application of covert investigative measures for the security services as a measure, is necessary and essential for early detection and prevention of activities that affect the national security, while for the law enforcement agencies, the covert measures are used as a prevention and investigation measure of serious criminal acts and terrorism, but also as a measure to provide evidence for investigative processes. There is no doubt about the high sensitivity that the application of covert measures has in relation to human rights and freedom, respect and protection of which is the duty of the state and represents not an easy challenge for several reasons. In this regard, the application of covert measures should be limited by the law and their application in accordance with the law is a precondition for respecting human rights and freedom.
Careers, Identities and Professionalization. a Study on Doctors about Their Social Representations Related to the Labor Market Today and its Foreseeable Future
Authors: Aparicio Miriam , Silva Ana Maria Costa
Published: July 2017

This study is in line with the analyses of university and working career in their interaction in relation with conditioning factors. It comprises two central issues: the issue of identity bound to the issue of professionalization within the domain of training and employment. Nowadays, professionalization of the individuals, inside a troubled occupational world, demands the implementation of mechanisms favoring the development of both the individuals and the institution in which they work. All this has an impact at the local, regional and even national levels. Three levels of analysis interplay from a sui generis perspective: macro-meso-micro-macro (Aparicio, 2005; 2007a; 2007b, 2013a, 2014, 2015 b, d – See the Three- Dimensional Spiral of Sense Theory). The aim was to be aware of the doctors’ representations regarding the value of such degree under the present “degree devaluation”, and its impact on the professional future as well as on the core issues of the labor market which need urgent measures with a view to a belter interaction between the two systems. The methodology used was quanti-qualitative (semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, and hierarchical evocations). The population consisted of doctors (2005-2012) from the National University of Cuyo, in Argentina. The results helped us understand the nucleus of such representations and the peripheral aspects by career and institution, thus revealing professional and disciplinary identities. The professional identities show the situated needs in terms of professionalization within the different contexts and, particularly, within the labor market.
Local Anaesthetics – Substances with Multiple Application in Medicine
Authors: Sîrbu Rodica , Cadar Emin , Tomescu Cezar Laurențiu , Erimia Cristina-Luiza , Paris Stelian , Tomescu Aneta
Published: July 2017

Local anaesthetics are substances which, by local action groups on the runners, cause loss of reversible a painful sensation, delimited corresponding to the application. They allow small surgery, short in duration and the endoscopic maneuvers. May be useful in soothe teething pain of short duration and in the locking of the nervous disorders in medical care. Local anesthesia is a process useful for the carrying out of surgery and of endoscopic maneuvers, to soothe teething pain in certain conditions, for depriving the temporary structures peripheral nervous control. Reversible locking of the transmission nociceptive, the set of the vegetative and with a local anesthetic at the level of the innervations peripheral nerve, roots and runners, a trunk nervous, around the components of a ganglion or coolant is cefalorahidian practice anesthesia loco-regional. Local anaesthetics summary and semi-summary have multiple applications in dentistry, consulting, surgery and obstetrics, constituting "weapons" very useful in the fight against the pain.
The Modern Mind, Religion, and the Spiritual in the Thinking of Frank C. Doan
Authors: Ciprian Simuț
Published: July 2017

The problem of modernism presented itself as a challenge to traditional Christianity. It argued in favor of different values, both human, as well as spiritual, that came into conflict with what Christianity had known up to that point. Frank C. Doan is one of the thinkers who spoke in favor of the spiritual and the need of this realm for the true seeker of the eternal. He also spoke against any kind of exagerations and obsolete forms of religion/spiritualty/preaching that were present in Christianity at the beginning of the XXth century. This article presents the way he Doan argued in favor of the spiritual, to the detriment of the materialist way of life, as well as a comparison with certain thinkers of his own time, some modernists, others traditionalists. The essay brings forth a century old set of arguments in order to aid the contemporary thinker and believer in setting forth a personal and better informed way of thinking about the historical heritage of religion in general and Christianity in particular.
Threatening Conditions and Challenges in the Modern Living of the Old People in Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Rexhep Hava
Published: July 2017

The aging is not only a personal but also a social challenge from several aspects, several dimensions; a challenge aiming to build system approaches and solutions with a long term importance. Aims: the main aim of this research is to investigate the conditions and challenges in the modern living of the old people, primarily in terms of the social care. However, this research is concentrated on a big group of the population and their challenges are the most intensive in the modern living. The investigation of the conditions and challenges in the aging are basis and encouragement in realizing the progressive approaches in order to improve the modern living of the old people. The practical aim of the research is a deep investigation and finding important data, analyzing the basic indicators of the conditions, needs and challenges in order to facilitate the old population to get ready for the new life. Methods and techniques: Taking into consideration the complexity of the research problem, the basic methodological approach is performed dominantly by descriptive-analytical method. The basic instrument for getting data in the research is the questionnaire with leading interview for the old people. Results: The research showed that the old people over 70-79 years old in a bigger percentage manifested difficulties primarily related to the functional dependency, respectively 39,33 % of the participants in this category showed concern about some specific functional dependency from the offered categories. The percentage of the stomach diseases with 38,33 % is important, as well as the kidney diseases with 32,83% related to the total population and the category of the old people over 80. Conclusion: The old people very often accept the life as it is, often finding things fulfilled with tolerance and satisfaction. However the health problems of the old people are characterized with a dominant representation. The chronic diseases and the diseases characteristic for the aging are challenge in organizing adequate protection which addresses to taking appropriate regulations, programs and activities.
Offensive Use of Force in Peace Operations: The Force Intervention Brigade
Authors: Cazala Menent Savas
Published: July 2017

This study focuses on the establishment of the force intervention brigade in the Democratic Republic of the Congo as an offensive armed force into the equation of peacekeeping and on the paradox related to legal, military and political issues. Introducing an overtly offensive combat force will confront controversial implications for UN peacekeeping’s basic principles regarding the use of force, consent of the host country and impartiality. The intervention brigade changed unprecedentedly the boundaries of peacekeeping while creating an environment of hesitation and reluctance in spite of successful actions and its renewed mandate since 2013.
Obtaining of Collagen Biomaterials and Their Use in the Medical Field
Authors: Cherim Melat , Sirbu Rodica , Erimia Cristina Luiza , Mustafa Alef , Tomescu Aneta
Published: July 2017

Collagen is an important biomaterial in medical applications due to its special characteristics such as biodegradability and weak antigenicity. Thus collagen, as a new type of biomaterial, has been used in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. In addition, collagen is closely linked to several diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. Gelatine can be made into roll film and drug capsules and can also be used as a delivery system which is very different from the traditional capsule. Collagen hydrolysate is a polypeptide composite obtained through further hydrolysis of denatured collagen. It has been widely used in cosmetics as well as a food additive. The three major methods of collagen extraction produce neutral salt-solubilised collagen, acid-solubilised and pepsin-solubilised collagen.
Understanding Implementation of Basel II and III in Albania: Obstacles and Solutions
Authors: Ndoka Sokol , Zefi Altin , Kripa Ermela
Published: July 2017

Banking Sector in Albania is suffering from high NPL levels, compared with historic levels of NPL in Albania, or with regional nations who have comparable economics. The 2008 crises in USA taught us the impact that the real economy can have from a crisis in Banking Sector. Thus the implementation of Basel III framework and its Capital Requirement ratios becomes crucially important for the stability of the Financial sector and stable growth of the economy. This paper firstly examines the state of Basel II implementation in Albania by the banking sector. The banking sector is primarily invested in government bonds and treasuries and lending to businesses and individuals but the high levels of NPL from both bankrupted businesses and individual poses a credit risks and wider market risks. Albanian Government has committed to speed up implementation of Basel II and Basel III on capital ratios. But questions remain: What’s the status of the implementation? Can the economy absorb the costs of implementing or not implementing Basel III? Secondly we research the additional costs associated with implementation of the banking sector. Because of the expansionary policy of the Bank of Albania the lending rates have fallen but not as fast as expected. Credit growth has been mostly stagnant posing a risk to the growth of the economy. For this study we use time series on Financial Institutions in Albania from the Bank of Albania on capital ratios as well as the policies and requirements set. We find that Basel II criteria have not been met and more can be done to prepare the implementation of Basel III.
The Albanian Adaptation of the Science Motivation
Authors: Ersoy Ahmed Fatih , Aliçka Ylljet
Published: July 2017

Motivation is an important factor in learning. The purpose of the study is to adopt SMQ-II in Albanian language and to examine the motivation of secondary school students to learn physics and to report the validity and reliability of the study. The sample was 273 secondary school students from five high schools in Albania. The original questionnaire measures five motivation components: intrinsic motivation, self-determination, self-efficacy, career motivation, and grade motivation. The data collected from five high schools was analyzed and similar factor structures were found as in the original questionnaire. Based on the principal component analysis five dimensions for learning physics were found. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability was found to be .894. Physics Motivation Questionnaire, the adopted version of SMQ-II, is a tool to assess secondary school students’ motivation to learn physics.
Biblical Text On the Work of "Meshari" (Missal) by Gjon Buzuku
Authors: Gjergji Sarë
Published: July 2017

Vepra “Meshari” e Gjon Buzukut, me kohë është bërë objekt studimi i studiuesve të ndryshëm, të cilët nisur nga përmbajtja fetare e veprës, nga prania e tekstit biblik në të, veprës, në të shumtën e herëve, i mohojnë vlerat letrare, duke e parë atë vetëm në aspektin gjuhësor. There are still some scholars who doubt or deny the presence of the subject matter in this work. Even when is discerned as the literary work, still continues to be seen with suspicion as such. In this case our interest will not be the language of the literature work aspect of Missal, but to argue by means of facts of its content of literary aspect. Through this work it will prove to be clarified whether the Missal is a literary work or not.
Africanizing Greek Mythology: Femi Osofisan’s Retelling of Euripides’the Trojan Women
Authors: Aboelazm Ingy
Published: July 2017

Nigerian writer Femi Osofisan’s new version of Euripides' The Trojan Women, is an African retelling of the Greek tragedy. In Women of Owu (2004), Osofisan relocates the action of Euripides' classical drama outside the walls of the defeated Kingdom of Owu in nineteenth century Yorubaland, what is now known as Nigeria. In a “Note on the Play’s Genesis”, Osofisan refers to the correspondences between the stories of Owu and Troy. He explains that Women of Owu deals with the Owu War, which started when the allied forces of the southern Yoruba kingdoms Ijebu and Ife, together with recruited mercenaries from Oyo, attacked Owu with the pretext of liberating the flourishing market of Apomu from Owu’s control. When asked to write an adaptation of Euripides’ tragedy, in the season of the Iraqi War, Osofisan thought of the tragic Owu War. The Owu War similarly started over a woman, when Iyunloye, the favourite wife of Ife’s leader Okunade, was captured and given as a wife to one of Owu’s princes. Like Troy, Owu did not surrender easily, for it lasted out a seven-year siege until its defeat. Moreover, the fate of the people of Owu at the hands of the allied forces is similar to that of the people of Troy at the hands of the Greeks: the males were slaughtered and the women enslaved. The play sheds light on the aftermath experiences of war, the defeat and the accompanied agony of the survivors, namely the women of Owu. The aim of this study is to emphasize the play’s similarities to as well as shed light on its differences from the classical Greek text, since the understanding of Osofisan’s African play ought to be informed by the Euripidean source text.
Adaptation and Appropriation in Aimé Césaire's a Tempest
Authors: Abd-Aun Raad Kareem , Diab Qaiser Munir
Published: July 2017

Adaptation and Appropriation in Aimé Césaire's a Tempest
Language Anxiety Among Adult Learners in Uitm Sarawak
Authors: Sahari Siti Huzaimah Binti , Johari Aiza , Morni Affidah
Published: July 2017

Language anxiety is one of the factors that needs to be considered in learning and teaching second or foreign language. Language anxiety can be defined as the feelings of uneasiness, worry, nervousness, self-doubt, frustration and apprehension (Brown, 2001) experienced by non-native speakers when learning or using a second or foreign language. Learners respond to language anxiety differently. This study investigates the language anxiety levels and coping strategies applied by adult learners of UiTM Sarawak in using English as a medium of instruction. The subjects of the study involved those between 45 to 50 years of age. The data collection was carried out through the distribution of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results from the study show that the adult learners have different levels of language anxiety and they have also adopted several strategies in coping with their anxiety. The conclusion of the study presents suggestions and recommendations on ways in handling anxiety in both teaching and learning second language.
The Cradle (Lullabies) Songs in the Villages of Tirana
Authors: Duqi Kreshnik
Published: July 2017

This study intends to represent the importance of the cradle songs (lullabies) in the Albanian folklore. The stimulus to study this topic was the importance of the expression of feelings, thoughts, values, and the bond created between a mother and her child through these songs. This is the place and the moment where is created the melody of the soul which communicates the mother’s love to her child. We would like to point out some general characteristics of these songs and their resistance towards time and social changes. The language used in the verses of the lullabies used in this study is really simple, and there are not many figures of speech in them either. In these lullabies is expressed the mother’s desire for her child to be healthy, by comparing the baby to the dove, the brave men and the heroes. During the expeditions in different villages of Tirana, we found out that the habitants had forgotten almost completely these lullabies and we were only able to find these songs in the areas of Krraba and Vaqarr. In this study we have analyzed these lullabies in order to better understand their background and to reach some conclusions too. In our days the lullabies are disappearing because no body sings them any more. The social and cultural development, and also the progress of technology caused these songs to be forgotten.
Motif of Infidelity in V. Nabokov’s Laughter in the Dark
Authors: Sienkiewicz Martyna
Published: July 2017

The aim of this paper is to present a model and function of infidelity in one of V. Nabokov Russian language novels, The Laughter in the Dark. Infidelity motif plays a key role in characters creation and action development. Characters are immersed in a complicated infidelity scheme, interchange, forming unusual plot spider web. Discussed novel, in the means of structure and subject, reminds previous novel of Russian-American author – King, Queen, Knave. Moreover, infidelity motif is additionally complemented by other, repeating in Nabokov works, motifs (butterflies, mirrors, crime and punishment, and more).
Promoting Critical Literacy in the EFL Context: Implementing a Project to Young Learners
Authors: Papadopoulos Isaak , Griva Dr. Eleni
Published: July 2017

In response to the continually growing demands of this era, the society needs active members who are able to cooperate with each other and show a critical stance in what they read, see, touch, smell or come across. Thus, modern language education should aim at developing critical readers and writers. As a result, the critical literacy programs in which students are turned into active participants of their learning process and accept something after they have already remarked it, are more than necessary in the education of the 21st century. This paper outlines the rational for and the purpose of designing and implementing a thematic pilot project aiming at developing students’ critical literacy in an EFL (English as a foreign language) classroom. This pilot project was implemented to 20 Greek-speaking students of the 5th primary school class (aged 11 years old) who had been learning English for 4 four years. It was initiated with the purpose to provide insights into developing students’ critical literacy skills as well as their four language skills in the foreign language. The project was carried out in 25 two hour sessions focused on the thematic area of the “Sports”. This topic was selected because of the nature of the sports and their popularity among the teenagers. Moreover, sports are a ‘controversial’ subject/concept that students can express different opinions and examine it from different perspectives. Special emphasis was placed on the creation of an environment promoting critical thinking and critical stance. Moreover, an attempt was made for a pleasant and creative foreign language learning environment to be developed, where students actually could enhance personal and interpersonal skills. In order to estimate the feasibility of this project, we used three basic tools a) a pre- and a post- test about the language assessment, b) journals kept by the teacher/researcher throughout the intervention and c) structured interviews conducted by the researcher with students individually to record the students’ different perspectives based on a text. The findings showed a significant improvement of the students’ language skills in EFL, as well as their critical thinking and ability to examine a text from different perspectives.
Using Qr Codes as a Resourceful Ict Tool in the Elt Classroom
Authors: Erkir Sarp
Published: July 2017

As the incorporation of technology into language instruction becomes more prevalent, teachers and researchers look into ways of using mobile tools in the classroom. Using QR codes for language instruction is one example of successful incorporation of a mobile technology, which allows educators to draw on the motivational value of technology while using tools that are fit for the purpose of effective instruction. QR codes are everywhere. Students see these codes everyday outside the classroom. They will be fascinated at the prospect of using this technology in the classroom. Similarly, teachers are eager to adopt new technologies, provided they are simple and efficient. And there is a reason why QR codes are everywhere: they are simple and efficient. This workshop aims at familiarizing participants with this very practical and efficient mobile tool that teachers can easily use at every level of language instruction. The presenter will first provide theoretical background explaining what QR codes are and how the use of QR codes enhances classroom instruction. This discussion will be followed by a hands-on training session where the participants will be guided through the steps of creating URLs and QR codes for classroom use. In the last part of the workshop, the presenter will share practical ideas on how these codes can be used in various ways including sample assignments and projects. The workshop will conclude with a discussion of the motivational value that the QR codes can bring to the classroom.
The Formation Process of Terms from Common Albanian Words in Technical Terminologies (Mechanical, Electrical, Construction)
Authors: Pllana Gani , Pllana Sadete
Published: July 2017

In this paper, in a more pronounced way we are exploring with priority the formation process of terms from Albanian common words in technical terminologies (mechanical, electrical, construction). The influence of the scientific-technical language on the general one will be further strengthened in future, because science and its language are beginning to play an increasingly more important role on the development of culture in general. Under the influence of these factors, the terminology lexicon and the general lexicon are getting every step closer, where, an intellectualized lexicon is serving as the basic interlink which exists in both macro-layers. On the other hand, this problem could be linked in a particular way with the formation in the course of the times, of the technical terminology built on the basis of words of the native language, which are raised to the level of terms for the nomination of specialized concepts of this field. Thus, for example, a range of words can be brought forward, which we come across as early as in Buzuk’s creation "Meshari’’ (“Missal”) (1555), which today are used as terms also, not only directly in today’s technical fields, like: fuqi, forcë, bosht, rrotë, rrotullohet (rrotulluem), (Engl. power, strength, axle, wheel, spinning (spinned) etc. As is evident, on this basis primarily Albanian terminology formations are created, alongside formations originating from foreign languages, as well as those built on the basis of authentic Albanian and of word formative models and types (term formative) thereof: boshtor, i rrotullueshëm (Engl. axial, rotating) etc.
Multiculturalism and Javanese Ways of Behaving as Reflected in Umar Kayam’s Works of Fiction
Authors: Suroso Suroso
Published: July 2017

This study aimed to describe the construction of multiculturalism in Umar Kayam's works of fiction in terms of the forms of multiculturalism, the factors causing multiculturalism and the effects of multiculturalism. This study used sociology of literature approach that sees literature as a reflection of society. There were three short stories and two novels that became the subjects of this study. They were Seribu Kunang-kunang di Manhattan (1988), Sri Sumarah, Bawuk (1988), Para Priyayi (1991), and Jalan Menikung (1993). The results showed that (1) the forms of multiculturalism found in Umar Kayam’s works are recognition of difference, democracy, justice and equality before the law, cultural values and ethos, unity in diversity, respect for other’s ethnicity and nationality as well as religious belief, implementation of cultural philosophy, appreciation of the private and public domain, respect for human rights and freedom to choose culture in a community; (2) the causes of multiculturalism are migration, intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic marriage, occupation, and devotion to somebody/"ngenger", (3) the effects of multiculturalism are reflected in the tolerant nature, respect for individual or group of people, surrendered life, willingness to help others, humility, and respect for religious beliefs.
Diary-Writing as a Tool for Monitoring and Assessing - Intercultural Learning and Cultural Intelligence
Authors: Meyer Ulrike , Schuch Elke
Published: July 2017

This paper outlines a research project which is being conducted in the edu¬cational context of an international Master program: In 2001, an interdisci¬plinary and cohort-based Master program entitled “International Manage¬ment and Intercultural Communication/GlobalMBA” was founded, which is currently offered by a four-university consortium that includes the follow¬ing: Technische Hochschule Köln (TH Köln), Cologne, Germany, the Fac¬ulty of Management at the University of Warsaw (UW), Poland, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics (DUFE) in Dalian, China, and the Coggin College of Business at the University of North Florida (UNF) in Jacksonville, USA. During the program´s 15-month duration, a multina¬tional cohort of 25-30 students recruited from each of the four universi¬ties studies together for one semester at each university. Much of the coursework and assignments as well as the final Master thesis are written in multinational groups of three to four students, thus requiring the students to permanently prove their teamwork skills. Besides, given the in-built mobility and multinational cohort-based structure of the program, the students are continuously exposed to a variety of different cultural experi¬ences and encounters. The program´s curriculum includes management-oriented courses as well as courses on the theory and practice of intercul¬tural communication. In one of these latter modules called Applied Inter¬cultural Communication, which is taught in every location and has a strong country-specific perspective, students are required to produce reflective dia¬ries describing their cultural experiences. The research project presented here started in 2013 and is based on a qualitative analysis of students´ diary entries written during a time span of 15 months as part of the course requirements for this particular module. The project is intended to serve two main purposes:
Language Policiy for the Tendency of the Sound Complex in the Albanian Anthroponymy and Patronymic
Authors: Mërkuri Prof. Phd. Nexhip , Xhakollari Elira
Published: July 2017

The authors reflects on the progress of anthroponymy and patronomy sounds tendency and its applied linguistic policy in the last century and the beginning of the new millennium. The research is carried out in two periods: during and post-communism. The authors have done a long-time research on this topic, which has resulted in an accurate argumentative discourse on pre-linguistic choices of these sonoric complex usages in family discourse. The authors have listed carefully the entry of Illyrian/Albanian names and the tendency of sonoric usages, which were part of language planning process; and everything is argued on the basis of national spirit of the time. The linguistic policy of entering of Illyrian names into family discourse is also seen as a general trend of Renaissance (1730-1912) for the purpose of restoring historic memory to Albanians. After the 1990-s, the beginning of democracy in Albania, nonetheless the publishing of the study on newborn names, the linguistic policy has never been applied for many reasons. For the last two years, 2015-2016, linguistics, students, surveyors, educational secretaries, members of civil status, have listed a number of reasons on the choices of the names of newborns in Albania. The freedom of choice of the sonoric complex, the trend of names, the tendency of names in the western world, emigration, etc., are some of the reasons to justify the choices and the linguistic behavior of sonoric complexes. The study is carried out in several municipalities and it is noticed that sonoric choices are highly influenced by the trends in media. There is an avoidance of inherited muslim, catholic and orthodox names and of those names claimed by linguistic policy of 1970-1990. Such linguistic tendency is argued on national basis by making comparisons on the frequency of uses. Diachronic comparisons of Albanian names found in registers of different years reflect the cultural trends of the parents. Albanian families have been quite generous with the borrowings of names from other cultures. Borrowings, as an integral part of linguistic policy, are result of foreign literature, movies, history and fashion.
Literary Translation Between Albania and SpainA Cultural Bridge Between Two Countries
Authors: Ph.D. Flavia Kaba
Published: July 2017

The present paper aims to evidence the literary translation as a cultural bridge between the two countries, Albania and Spain. It is a topic which has interests in terms of literary translation because the literary translation Albanian-Spanish and vice versa is a non-treated topic in our country. Literature is a bridge between the two countries and language possesses all the characteristics of culture, because when it is translated it is produced an exchange of linguistic systems. In this paper, we will present chronological data on the number of literary translations in both countries, respectively in Albania and Spain, and we will explain the importance of literary translation as a process that connects cultures, inasmuch as the literary translation aims to transfer literary or artistic experiences of a culture to another culture. Moreover, this paper will provide an overview of the impact of literary translation in both cultures, Albanian and Spanish.