bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical studies in Chinese subjects investigating the tolerance and soothing efficacy of a cream and balm containing 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol on the sensitivity of facial skin
Authors: Ortiz Brugués Ariadna , Braeuer Lara Claude , Grieu Jean‐Baptiste , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Asian subjects are particularly prone to skin sensitivity. We developed a facial cream and balm containing 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol to provide skin comfort and a soothing effect for sensitive skin.

Objectives

Assess the dermatological and ophthalmological tolerance and efficacy in improving skin sensitivity of face cream and balm under normal conditions of use by a population known to be particularly prone to this problem.

Methods

In a monocentric non‐randomized open trial, the cream or balm was applied twice daily to the face, neck, and eye contour of 33 stinger subjects with hypersensitive skin (22–63 years old). Assessments included dermatological and ophthalmological physical and functional signs on Day 1 (D1), D8, and D22, and cosmetic acceptability, cutaneous sensitivity according to a stinging test and the sensitive scale, and the soothing efficacy according to a questionnaire on D22.

Results

The cream and balm were very well tolerated. Immediately after application, subjects reported a reduction in the skin's hypersensitivity (93.9% of subjects for the cream and 81.8% for the balm), skin redness (90.9% of subjects for the cream and 87.9% for the balm), sensations of tightness (93.9% for the cream and 97.0% for the balm), and discomfort sensations (93.9% for the cream and 87.9% for the balm). After 21 days, the application of the cream and balm decreased the stinging scores by 65% and 41%, respectively, with 94% and 77% of subjects showing an improvement, respectively. The sensitivity scale questionnaire indicated that the cream and balm significantly and profoundly decreased all negative signs, for example, irritability, stinging, general discomfort, redness, and dryness on D22 compared to D1. On D22, all 15 parameters recorded were improved by 89%–100% by the cream and by 74%–100% by the balm. The majority (90.9% and 96.8% of subjects using the cream and balm, respectively) of the subjects noticed positive changes in their skin condition after using the product for 21 days.

Conclusions

The cream and balm were very well‐tolerated. This study demonstrated that both products controlled and markedly reduced skin hypersensitivity in Asian subjects, with an immediate and lasting skin soothing and repairing effect over 21 days.
Creating a high‐performance surgical safety checklist: A multimodal evaluation plan to reinvigorate the checklist
Authors: Moyal‐Smith Rachel , Etheridge James C. , Lim Shu Rong , Sonnay Yves , Tan Hiang Khoon , Yong Tze Tein , Havens Joaquim M. , Brindle Mary E.
Published: October 2022

Rationale, Aims, and Objectives

The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist is a communication tool designed to improve surgical safety processes and enhance teamwork. It has been widely adopted since its introduction over ten years ago. As surgical safety needs evolve, organizations should periodically review and update their checklists. A holistic evaluation of the checklist in the context of an organization is the first step to making informed updates. In this article, we describe a comprehensive but feasible strategy for checklist evaluation which we developed and implemented as part of a surgical safety initiative in a high‐performing center.

Methods

A three‐part evaluation plan was developed and carried out by a multidisciplinary team. The evaluation included assessment of 1. Quality of care through a review of surgical safety events; 2. Safety culture through a validated survey and informal feedback; and 3. Checklist performance through direct observations and a staff survey. To prepare for re‐implementation the current institutional checklist was critically evaluated and a context assessment survey was administered to surgical staff.

Results

The evaluation revealed challenges in communication and teamwork, with surgical staff often perceived to be working in silos. The quality of care assessment indicated room for improvement in safety processes. Deficiencies in the safety culture measures of communication and feedback shed light on an overall lack of engagement with the checklist. Checklist performance demonstrated good adherence to the items on the checklist but limited engagement by the surgical team and minimal communication between subteams. These findings informed our revisions to the checklist and its implementation processes.

Conclusions

We developed and implemented a comprehensive, scalable approach to checklist evaluation which directly informed improvements to the checklist that were tailored to the organization's current context. Organizations can apply this framework to breathe new life into their checklist and transform their safety culture.
Close Encounters of the Word Kind: Attested Distributional Information Boosts Statistical Learning
Authors: Stärk Katja , Kidd Evan , Frost Rebecca L. A.
Published: October 2022

Statistical learning, the ability to extract regularities from input (e.g., in language), is likely supported by learners’ prior expectations about how component units co‐occur. In this study, we investigated how adults’ prior experience with sublexical regularities in their native language influences performance on an empirical language learning task. Forty German‐speaking adults completed a speech repetition task in which they repeated eight‐syllable sequences from two experimental languages: one containing disyllabic words comprised of frequently occurring German syllable transitions (naturalistic words) and the other containing words made from unattested syllable transitions (non‐naturalistic words). The participants demonstrated learning from both naturalistic and non‐naturalistic stimuli. However, learning was superior for the naturalistic sequences, indicating that the participants had used their existing distributional knowledge of German to extract the naturalistic words faster and more accurately than the non‐naturalistic words. This finding supports theories of statistical learning as a form of chunking, whereby frequently co‐occurring units become entrenched in long‐term memory.
Evolutionary legacy of the extirpated red wolf clings to life in gulf‐coast canids
Authors: Sacks Benjamin N.
Published: October 2022

Before Europeans colonized North America, a uniquely American wolf roamed the eastern forests of southern Canada to Florida and west to the Great Plains. Known today as “red wolf” (Canis rufus) in the south and “eastern wolf” (Canis lycaon) in the north, evidence suggests that these indigenous forest wolves shared a common evolutionary history until only a few centuries ago when they were extirpated from the intervening majority of their historical range. While the eastern wolf persists today primarily as a small population in Algonquin Provincial Park, Canada, the red wolf was ostensibly driven from its last stronghold in gulf‐coastal Louisiana and Texas by 1980. The last‐known red wolves were taken captive for propagation and reintroduction. Today, the red wolf exists as ~250 descendants of 12 founders and are distributed among 42 captive breeding facilities and one reintroduced population in coastal North Carolina. As red and eastern wolves declined in the 20th century, coyotes expanded from the west into the eastern forests, replacing them. Along with human persecution, coyote hybridization has been blamed for the late 20th century demise of the red wolf. However, rather than helping to drive the red wolf to extinction, coyote hybridization may have instead helped to preserve it. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, vonHoldt and colleagues provide the most comprehensive description yet of the substantial quantity and distribution of red wolf ancestry sequestered in southeastern coyote populations. They find the highest frequency of red wolf genes in coyotes from the gulf‐coastal sites where the last known wild red wolves occurred, but also present evidence for a high prevalence of red wolf genes in coyotes throughout the southeastern expansion zone. Given the significant reduction in genetic diversity in extant red wolves owing to their late 20th century population bottleneck, this coyote‐sequestered reservoir of red wolf genes could prove an important resource for red wolf conservation.
Limited movement of an avian hybrid zone in relation to regional variation in magnitude of climate change
Authors: Alexander Alana , Robbins Mark B. , Holmes Jesse , Moyle Robert G. , Peterson A. Townsend
Published: October 2022

Studies of natural hybrid zones can provide documentation of range shifts in response to climate change and identify loci important to reproductive isolation. Using a temporal (36–38 years) comparison of the black‐capped (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina (P. carolinensis) chickadee hybrid zone, we investigated movement of the western portion of the zone (western Missouri) and assessed whether loci and pathways underpinning reproductive isolation were similar to those in the eastern portion of the hybrid zone. Using 92 birds sampled along the hybrid zone transect in 2016 and 68 birds sampled between 1978 and 1980, we generated 11,669 SNPs via ddRADseq. These SNPs were used to assess movement of the hybrid zone through time and to evaluate variation in introgression among loci. We demonstrate that the interface has moved ~5 km to the northwest over the last 36–38 years, that is, at only one‐fifth the rate at which the eastern portion (e.g., Pennsylvania, Ohio) of the hybrid zone has moved. Temperature trends over the last 38 years reveal that eastern areas have warmed 50% more than western areas in terms of annual mean temperature, possibly providing an explanation for the slower movement of the hybrid zone in Missouri. Our results suggest hybrid zone movement in broadly distributed species, such as chickadees, will vary between areas in response to local differences in the impacts of climate change.
Insularity and early domestication: anthropogenic ecosystems as habitat islands
Authors: Spengler Robert N.
Published: October 2022

Over the past decade research into early domestication has been transformed by the genomics revolution and increased archaeological investigation. Despite clarification of the timing, locations and genetic processes, most scholars still envision evolutionary responses to human innovations, such as sickle harvesting, tilling, selection for docility or directed breeding. Stepping away from anthropocentric models, evolutionary parallels in the wild can provide case studies for understanding what ecological pressures drove the evolution of the first domestication traits. I contrast evolutionary trends seen among plants and animals confined on oceanic islands with the changes seen in the first cultivated crops and animals. I argue that the earliest villages functioned as habitat islands, applying parallel selective pressures as those on oceanic islands. In this view, the collective assemblage of parallel evolving traits that some scholars refer to as either an island syndrome or domestication syndrome results from similar ecological pressures of insularity, notably ecological release.
Y‐site administration of electrolyte solutions and injectable acetaminophen—A physical compatibility study with combinations frequently used in pediatric intensive care and anesthesia
Authors: Kleinlein Mona , Marschler Stephanie , Neininger Martina Patrizia , Hoeckel Michael , Bertsche Thilo
Published: October 2022

Aim

Determination of the physical compatibility of acetaminophen and two different electrolyte solutions (an isotonic, balanced electrolyte solution and a hypotonic, glucose containing electrolyte solution) with drugs frequently used in routine pediatric intensive care.

Methods

Analytical investigations for frequently used combinations without pre‐existing data were performed. Visual and microscopic observations according to the European Pharmacopeia as well as pH measurements and ultraviolet visible spectrometry at wavelengths of 350, 410 and 550 nm were conducted to analyze physical compatibility. All measurements were performed immediately after mixing as well as 1, 4, and 24 h after.

Results

In total, 42 combinations were analyzed. Visual incompatibilities were found with pantoprazole and diazepam with both electrolyte solutions. For furosemide, a particle formation in mixture with the hypotonic glucose‐containing electrolyte solution and a change in pH ≥ 0.5 after 24 h with both electrolyte solutions were observed. Ampicillin, cefuroxime, diazepam, furosemide, linezolid, meropenem, and pantoprazole showed an aberration of the absorbance ≥0.04 (350 nm/410 nm) or ≥0.01 (550 nm) in the photometric measurements with the electrolyte solutions. For acetaminophen, a physical incompatibility was observed with ampicillin, diazepam, furosemide, and pantoprazole.

Conclusion

Most of the analyzed combinations showed no signs of physical incompatibility and may therefore be administered via the same Y‐site. However, diazepam, furosemide, and pantoprazole should not be administered simultaneously with acetaminophen or both electrolyte solutions.
Policy learning and change during crisis: COVID‐19 policy responses across six states
Authors: Crow Deserai A. , DeLeo Rob A. , Albright Elizabeth A. , Taylor Kristin , Birkland Tom , Zhang Manli , Koebele Elizabeth , Jeschke Nathan , Shanahan Elizabeth A. , Cage Caleb
Published: October 2022

Whereas policy change is often characterized as a gradual and incremental process, effective crisis response necessitates that organizations adapt to evolving problems in near real time. Nowhere is this dynamic more evident than in the case of COVID‐19, which forced subnational governments to constantly adjust and recalibrate public health and disease mitigation measures in the face of changing patterns of viral transmission and the emergence of new information. This study assesses (a) the extent to which subnational policies changed over the course of the pandemic; (b) whether these changes are emblematic of policy learning; and (c) the drivers of these changes, namely changing political and public health conditions. Using a novel dataset analyzing each policy's content, including its timing of enactment, substantive focus, stringency, and similar variables, results indicate the pandemic response varied significantly across states. The states examined were responsive to both changing public health and political conditions. This study identifies patterns of preemptive policy learning, which denotes learning in anticipation of an emerging hazard. In doing so, the study provides important insights into the dynamics of policy learning and change during disaster.
Residual risk estimates of transfusion transmissible hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus using nucleic acid testing yield/window period model in an Indian setting
Authors: Pandey Hem Chandra , Varghese Mariamma , Rana Arvind , Kumar Raj , Jain Pankaj
Published: October 2022

Background

Estimation of residual risk (RR) is necessary to understand status of blood safety with current testing strategies and need to improve it further. These estimates from India are lacking till date. Present study was aimed to estimate RR and incident rate (IR) of transfusion transmitted infectious disease (TTIDs) in Indian setting.

Study Design and Methods

Blood donor demographic data, serological testing results and nucleic acid testing (NAT) screening results were collected retrospectively from January 2015 to June 2017. Mathematical modelling using NAT yield/window period model was done to estimate IR and RR of TTIDs. Data was compared between different groups based on age‐group, gender, donation repeatability and type of donor.

Results

A total 106 119 blood donors donated 109 441 units with overall TTID reactivity of 2.22%. HBV was most prevalent TTID (1.26%) with RR of 16.1 per million followed by HCV and HIV with RR of 4.4 and 3.1 per million donations, respectively. NAT testing variably reduced RR ranging from 69.4% to 96.1% depending on TTID. Younger, repeat and voluntary donors had significantly lower prevalence of TTIDs compared to older, first time and replacement donors.

Discussion

Gaps in the blood safety could be bridged significantly by implementing NAT testing and using quality serological assays. Comparatively high RR despite using quality serological assays and ID‐NAT testing highlights need to develop long term strategies to improve blood safety by focusing on improving donor pool by recruiting regular voluntary donors among youth and imparting knowledge of healthy practices.
The proximity‐concentration trade‐off with multi‐product firms: Are exports and FDI complements or substitutes?
Authors: Bricongne Jean‐Charles , Franco Bedoya Sebastian , Lopez Forero Margarita
Published: October 2022

Standard horizontal foreign direct investment (FDI) models predict substitutability between FDI and exports in light of the proximity‐concentration trade‐off, nonetheless, empirical literature finds, almost invariably, a complementarity effect. We show that given the multi‐product nature of multinational enterprises both effects coexist at the firm‐level, with a substitutability for some products and a complementarity for others, explaining why the empirical substitutability relation has been so scarce even at the level of the firm. We use detailed French firm‐level data over 2002 and 2009 to show that the question of whether FDI and exports are complements or substitutes depends on whether the product belongs to the core competency of the firm and the size of demand in the destination market. We find evidence of the substitutability predicted by standard horizontal FDI models, taking place only for the best performing products of the firm and in high‐demand markets. In turn, vertical linkages and proximity advantages related to FDI's foreign presence generate exports of intermediates and products that are further away of the firms' core competency. This complementarity jeopardises the substitutability when aggregating all products of the firm, resulting on an average null net effect of FDI on exports in high‐demand countries.
Red cells manufactured from lipaemic whole blood donations: Do they have higher haemolysis?
Authors: Winter Kelly M. , Webb Rachel G. , Marks Denese C.
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives

Lipaemia in blood donations is thought to influence haemolysis in stored red blood cell (RBC) components. Higher lipid concentrations are believed to increase red cell fragility, exacerbating haemolysis during collection and subsequent red cell storage. This study aimed to investigate associations between lipoproteins in plasma and haemolysis of red cells stored in saline–adenine–glucose–mannitol (SAGM).

Materials and Methods

Fifty‐four plasma and matched RBCs were obtained from lipaemic whole blood donations. Plasma was tested for coagulation factors, triglycerides and cholesterol. Haemolysis, glucose, lactate, extracellular potassium, lactate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were measured in RBC on Days 7, 21 and 42 of storage. Additionally, 20 plasma and matched RBCs from non‐lipaemic donations were tested as controls.

Results

Lipaemic plasma had significantly higher triglyceride concentrations compared with non‐lipaemic plasma. However, there was no significant difference in plasma cholesterol between the two groups. There were no significant differences in glucose, extracellular potassium or ATP concentrations in RBC from either group. There was no significant difference in haemolysis at expiry in lipaemic‐derived and control RBC, with a weak correlation between haemolysis and either triglycerides or cholesterol.

Conclusion

There was no significant difference in haemolysis in RBC manufactured from lipaemic and non‐lipaemic whole blood donations when stored in SAGM; however, the proportion of RBC from lipaemic donations with higher haemolysis was greater than in the controls. There was a weak correlation between red cell haemolysis and plasma triglycerides. Therefore, RBCs derived from lipaemic donations are suitable for blood bank inventories.
The role of potassium channels in tumours of the gastrointestinal tract: a focus on the human ether‐à‐go‐go related gene 1 channels
Authors: Arcangeli Annarosa , Duranti Claudia , Iorio Jessica , Lastraioli Elena
Published: October 2022

Potassium channels are often dysregulated in tumours of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Among them, the voltage‐dependent channel KV11.1, also known as human ether‐à‐go‐go related gene 1 (hERG1), is frequently expressed in tumours and precancerous lesions of the GI tract. In precancerous lesions, hERG1 behaves as a progression factor, contributing to identifying those patients whose lesions can progress towards true cancers. In advanced cancers, such as colorectal and pancreatic cancer, a high hERG1 expression represents a negative prognostic factor, contributing to identifying high risk patients. The only exception is represented by neuroendocrine cancers of both the ileum and the pancreas, where hERG1 represents a positive prognostic factor for survival. In GI tumours, hERG1 can function either as a true channel, allowing outward potassium ion flux and membrane repolarisation, or in a non‐canonical, non‐conductive way. This occurs because, in cancer, hERG1 forms complexes with different plasma membrane and cytosolic proteins, instead of classical accessory subunits. In particular, hERG1 forms a complex with the β1 subunit of integrin receptors: the hERG1–β1 complex. Growth and chemokine receptors, small GTPases, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase, as well as other ion transporters or channels, are also recruited in the hERG1–β1 complex. The formation of multiprotein channel complexes represents an emerging mechanism allowing functional channel networking in both excitable and non‐excitable cells. hERG1 represents a prototype of how multiprotein complexes operate in tumours, that is, giving rise to signalling hubs which can transmit and modulate signals arising from the tumour microenvironment, hence contributing to tumour progression and malignancy.

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Positioning Accuracy Reliability Analysis of Industrial Robots Considering Epistemic Uncertainty and Correlation
Authors: Cao Lixiong , Liu Jie , Zhang Jinhe , Jiang Chao , Zhang Dequan
Published: October 2022

Uncertainties widely existing in modeling parameters, such as link length, joint clearance, and rotation angle, have the serious impact on the motion performance of industrial robots. In this study, a reliability analysis method based on evidence theory is proposed to uniformly analyze the influence of epistemic uncertainty and their correlation in modeling parameters on the positioning accuracy of robotic end effector. For the epistemic uncertainty derived from the limited sample data of modeling parameters, a generalized evidence theory model based on parallelotope frame is developed, which can uniformly quantify epistemic uncertainty and correlation of modeling parameters using the evidence framework of discernment and joint focal elements with same parallelotope features. To overcome the contradiction between analysis efficiency and accuracy for industrial robot positioning with nonlinearity, an efficient space affine collocation method is further proposed based on dimension reduction decomposition. Under the parallelotope evidence theory model, this method can provide an accurate reliability analysis result at a lower computational cost. A six degrees-of-freedom industrial robot is showcased to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method in positioning accuracy reliability analysis.
Zn dots coherently grown as the seed and buffer layers on Si(111) for ZnO thin film: Mechanism, in situ analysis, and simulation
Authors: Chen Wei-Ting , Fang Pei-Cheng , Chen Yen-Wei , Chiu Shang-Jui , Ku Ching-Shun , Brahma Sanjaya , Lo Kuang-Yao
Published: October 2022

In conventional ZnO/Si heterostructures, a buffer layer is usually required to compensate the mismatch between the host substrate and the grown thin film. However, poor quality of buffer layers might lead to severe crystalline misorientation and defects. In this work, we demonstrate that collective oxidized Zn dots act as buffer and seed layers for the growth of high surface quality ZnO thin films on Si(111) by rf-sputtering, and we further in situ analyze the structural evolution by reflective second harmonic generation (RSHG). The collective Zn dots grown on Si(111) were oxidized with exposure to ozone gas under proper Ultraviolet-C (UVC) irradiation, and then these ZnO shells formed seed layers to promote the nucleation process for subsequent ZnO thin film growth. Besides, RSHG was performed in situ to observe the net symmetrical dipole contribution at each fabrication steps and analyzed the surface quality of the ZnO thin film. Consistent with the analyses of synchrotron x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, the RSHG results analyzed with simplified bond-hyperpolarizability model fitting revealed that well oxidized Zn dot-embedded ZnO films grown on Si(111) exhibit a 3m-symmetrical surface structure, and that excessive oxidation time led to ZnO2 formation and higher roughness. Our results demonstrate the efficient approach toward high-surface-quality ZnO thin film by rf-sputtering, verifying that the quality of ZnO shell covering Zn dot grown on Si(111) is the focal factor for the sequent ZnO thin film growth.
3D cell/scaffold model based on aligned-electrospun-nanofiber film/hydrogel multilayers for construction of anisotropic engineered tissue
Authors: Zhang Jing-Yi , Cheraga Nihad , Huang Ning-Ping
Published: October 2022

Many tissues have a three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic structure compatible with their physiological functions. Engineering an in vitro 3D tissue having the natural structure and functions is a hotspot in tissue engineering with application for tissue regeneration, drug screening, and disease modeling. Despite various designs that have successfully guided the cellular alignment, only a few of them could precisely control the orientation of each layer in a multilayered construct or achieve adequate cell contact between layers. This study proposed a design of a multilayered 3D cell/scaffold model, that is, the cell-loaded aligned nanofiber film/hydrogel (ANF/Gel) model. The characterizations of the 3D cell-loaded ANF/Gel model in terms of design, construction, morphology, and cell behavior were systematically studied. The ANF was produced by efficiently aligned electrospinning using a self-designed, fast-and-easy collector, which was designed based on the parallel electrodes and modified with a larger gap area up to about 100 cm2. The nanofibers generated by this simple device presented numerous features like high orientation, uniformity in fiber diameter, and thinness. The ANF/Gel-based cell/scaffold model was formed by encapsulating cell-loaded multilayered poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-ANFs in hydrogel. Cells within the ANF/Gel model showed high viability and displayed aligned orientation and elongation in accordance with the nanofiber orientation in each film, forming a multilayered tissue having a layer spacing of 60 μm. This study provides a multilayered 3D cell/scaffold model for the in vitro construction of anisotropic engineered tissues, exhibiting potential applications in cardiac tissue engineering.
Effectiveness of Dry Cupping as a Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Szlosek Philip A. , Campbell Matthew
Published: October 2022

Clinical Scenario: Plantar fasciitis is a very common pathology experienced by a wide array of individuals in the United States. Patients most commonly experience tightness and pain along the plantar aspect of their foot and on the medial side of the heel. A variety of treatment methods have been used to improve the pain levels and function of patients with plantar fasciitis. An emerging treatment method for plantar fasciitis is dry cupping, where negative pressure is created to increase blood flow to the injured area and facilitate the healing process. Clinical Question: Is there evidence to suggest dry cupping is effective at improving pain and function for patients experiencing plantar fasciitis when compared with therapeutic exercise or electrical stimulation? Summary of Key Findings: Three studies examining the effectiveness of dry cupping for the treatment of plantar fasciitis were included in this review. Two studies compared dry cupping to therapeutic exercises and stretching, and 1 study used electrical stimulation. Clinical Bottom Line: There is moderate evidence to support the use of dry cupping to improve pain and function in patients with plantar fasciitis. Strength of Recommendation: There is level B evidence to support dry cupping as an effective treatment method for improving pain and function in patients with plantar fasciitis as compared with therapeutic exercise and electrical stimulation.
Reimagining Sport Management Programs Within Kinesiology and Public Health
Authors: George Thomas R. , Marquez Armin A. , Coble Cassandra J. , Williams Antonio S.
Published: October 2022

The growth of Sport Management programs in the United States over the past 50 years has sparked debate about where they should reside on college campuses. However, it has also provided significant opportunities for collaboration and integration with other academic programs in Kinesiology and Public Health. This paper explores relevant literature and current issues that highlight the intersection of sport management, physical activity, and health and then describes two academic programs that were redesigned to better integrate sport management and the health sciences. The Sport Marketing and Management program at Indiana University provides students with the opportunity to expand their business training, with particular emphasis on diversity, equity, and inclusion, through coursework in health and movement-related programs in the School of Public Health. The School of Kinesiology’s Applied Exercise Science program at the University of Michigan offers students the option of pursuing a management elective track that incorporates courses from the school’s Sport Management program. This paper provides leaders in Kinesiology with explicit examples of integrating kinesiology and public health with sport management and serves to encourage leaders to promote and support greater collaboration within units of Kinesiology and other health science programs.
Postural Control and Adaptation Strategy of Young Adults on Unstable Surface
Authors: Lai Qian Qi , Gouwanda Darwin , Gopalai Alpha A.
Published: October 2022

Balance control is essential for postural adjustment in physical activities. This study investigates the behavior of human postural control and the coordination and adaptation strategy of hip, knee, and ankle when standing on an unstable surface. Twenty participants were recruited. Four different conditions were investigated: a quiet bipedal stance with eyes open and eyes closed, and standing on an unstable surface with eyes open and eyes closed. Other than the joint angle, the standard body sway measures, such as sway area and sway velocity, were computed. A nonlinear time series measure, that is, sample entropy, was used to determine the regularity of the time series and body adaptability to change and perturbation. The results show that the body sway increases as the difficulty increases. This study also confirms the coordination of the hip, knee, and ankle to maintain body balance on the unstable surface by decreasing the joint angle and adopting a lower posture. Even though the individual joint has lower sample entropy value and is deemed to be rigid and less adaptive to perturbation, the postural control exhibits higher sample entropy value, particularly in the anterior–posterior direction, and has the ability to stabilize the body by manipulating the joints simultaneously. These outcomes suggest that an unstable surface not only challenges the human postural control, but also reduces the hip, knee, and ankle adaptability to perturbation, thus making it a great tool to train body balance.
Lipid Transport by
Candida albicans
Dnf2 Is Required for Hyphal Growth and Virulence
Authors: Jain Bhawik K. , Wagner Andrew S. , Reynolds Todd B. , Graham Todd R.
Published: October 2022

Candida albicans
is a common cause of human mucosal yeast infections, and invasive candidiasis can be fatal. Antifungal medications are limited, but those targeting the pathogen cell wall or plasma membrane have been effective.
Solanimycin: Biosynthesis and Distribution of a New Antifungal Antibiotic Regulated by Two Quorum-Sensing Systems
Authors: Matilla Miguel A. , Monson Rita E. , Murphy Annabel , Schicketanz Muriel , Rawlinson Alison , Duncan Caia , Mata Juan , Leeper Finian , Salmond George P. C.
Published: October 2022

Fungal infections represent a major clinical, agricultural, and food security threat worldwide, which is accentuated due to the difficult treatment of these infections. Microorganisms represent a prolific source of antibiotics, and current data support that this enormous biosynthetic potential has been scarcely explored.
Single Point Mutation and Its Role in Specific Pathogenicity to Reveal the Mechanism of Related Protein Families
Authors: Liu Ning , Wang Xue , Shan Qiang , Li Shuxian , Li Yanan , Chu Bingxin , Wang Jiufeng , Zhu Yaohong
Published: October 2022

Postpartum disease of dairy cows caused by persistent bacterial infection is a global disease, which has a serious impact on the development of the dairy industry and brings huge economic losses. As one of the most relevant pathogenic bacteria for postpartum diseases in dairy cows,Trueperella pyogenescan secrete pyolysin (PLO), a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family and recognized as the most important toxin ofT. pyogenes.
Gut-Testis Axis: Microbiota Prime Metabolome To Increase Sperm Quality in Young Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yan Xiaowei , Feng Yanni , Hao Yanan , Zhong Ruqing , Jiang Yue , Tang Xiangfang , Lu Dongxin , Fang Hanhan , Agarwal Manjree , Chen Liang , Zhao Yong , Zhang Hongfu
Published: October 2022

A10-FMT benefits gut microbiota, liver function, and systemic environment via improvement in blood metabolome, consequently to favor the testicular microenvironment to improve spermatogenesis process and to boost T2D-diminished semen quality. We established that AOS-improved gut microbiota may be used to boost T2D-decreased semen quality and metabolic disease-related male subfertility.
Identification of Arginine Phosphorylation in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis
Authors: Ogbonna Emmanuel C. , Anderson Henry R. , Schmitz Karl R.
Published: October 2022

Mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis infections employ proteolytic pathways that modulate cellular behavior by destroying specific proteins in a highly regulated manner. Some proteolytic enzymes have emerged as novel antibacterial targets against drug-resistant tuberculosis infections.
Transmission and Drug Resistance Genotype of Multidrug-Resistant or Rifampicin-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Chongqing, China
Authors: Zhao Bing , Liu Chunfa , Fan Jiale , Ma Aijing , He Wencong , Hu Yan , Zhao Yanlin
Published: October 2022

The drug resistance molecular characteristics of MDR/RR-TB were elucidated by genome-wide analysis, and risk factors for death by MDR/RR-TB were identified in combination with patient information. Cluster characteristics of MDR/RR-TB in the region were analyzed by genome-wide analysis, and risk factors for cluster transmission (recent transmission) were analyzed. These analyses provide reference for the prevention and treatment of MDR/RR-TB in Chongqing.
Supplemental Material: Advanced two- and three-dimensional insights into Earth’s oldest stromatolites (ca. 3.5 Ga): Prospects for the search for life on Mars
Authors: Hickman-Lewis Keyron , al. et
Published: October 2022

Methods, Figures S1–S16, and Table S1.  
Case of steroid refractory dengue myositis responsive to intravenous immunoglobulins
Authors: Rashid Zaraq , Hussain Taimoor , Abdullah Syed Nauman , Kumar Jasvindar
Published: October 2022

Dengue is an arbovirus infection that usually presents with the symptoms of high-grade fever, myalgia and rash. Dengue is spread by theAedes aegyptimosquito and frequent outbreaks are being reported in regions like Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. Although muscle ache is quite common with dengue fever, overt myositis is of very rare occurrence. Here, we report a case of a young girl who presented to us with serologically confirmed dengue infection, and having bilateral upper and lower limb weakness. Her raised creatine kinase, along with her electromyography pattern was suggestive of myositis. Her condition was steroid-resistant and responded only to intravenous immunoglobulin. She was discharged in a stable condition.
Purpose in life (Ikigai) and employment status in relation to cardiovascular mortality: the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study
Authors: Miyazaki Junji , Shirai Kokoro , Kimura Takashi , Ikehara Satoyo , Tamakoshi Akiko , Iso Hiroyasu
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To investigate whether having a purpose in life (Ikigai) is associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and whether the association varies by employment status.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Residents in 45 municipalities, Japan.

Participants

29 517 men and 41 984 women aged 40–79 years, free of CVD and cancer at baseline from 1988 to 1990.

Primary outcome measures

CVD mortality.

Results

During the median follow-up of 19.1 years, 4680 deaths (2393 men and 2287 women) from total CVD were observed. GreaterIkigaiwas associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality, and the result was stronger for men than for women. Stratified by employment status, the inverse association was confined to unemployed persons. Among unemployed persons, the multivariable HRs of total CVD were higher for moderate and high versus low levels ofIkigai. Multivariable HRs (95% CIs) were 0.74 (0.57 to 0.97) and 0.69 (0.52 to 0.93), P for trend <0.044, respectively in men, and 0.78 (0.64 to 0.95) and 0.77 (0.61 to 0.97), P for trend=0.039 in women. No association was observed among the employed, including part-time workers, self-employed and homemakers for both men and women. Such an inverse association remained even after excluding early deaths within 5 years from the baseline survey.

Conclusion

Higher levels ofIkigaiwere associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality, especially for unemployed men and women.
Effect of an augmented reality active video game for gait training in children with cerebral palsy following single-event multilevel surgery: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Guinet Anne-Laure , Bams Michel , Payan-Terral Sandrine , Khouri Néjib , Otmane Samir , Bouyer Guillaume , Desailly Eric
Published: October 2022

Introduction

In paediatric rehabilitation, fun and motivation are also critical keys to successful therapy. A variety of interventions have shown positive effects, high level of interest, compliance and engagement with active video game (AVG).

This seems to be an interesting approach for the postoperative gait rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy (CP). In this study, we will investigate if an overground gait training (GT) delivered through an AVG can improve walking capacity and anaerobic performance.

Methods and analysis

This study is a randomised clinical controlled trial. A total of 14 children and adolescents in the age of 10–18 years with CP will be included. The minimum time between surgery and inclusion will be 7 weeks. The test group will participate in the GT programme with Augmented Reality Rehabilitation of Walking-Cerebral Palsy AVG, control group will receive GT on a treadmill. The primary outcome is the 6-Min Walk Test assessing walking capacity; secondary outcomes are the Muscle Power Sprint Test for anaerobic performance and Shuttle Run Test for physical fitness level. Satisfaction is tested with the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale.

Ethics and dissemination

The findings will be disseminated by publications in peer-reviewed journals and conferences. This study received agreement from French ethic committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Est VI—Number 2020-A02959-30).

Trial registration number

NCT04837105.
Protocol for Guo’s aortIc Arch recoNstrucTion: a prospective, multicentre and single-arm study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the WeFlow-Arch modular inner branch stent-graft system for aortic arch lesions (GIANT study)
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhang Hongpeng , Rong Dan , Ge Yangyang , Jia Xin , Xiong Jiang , Ma Xiaohui , Wang Lijun , Fan Tingting , Guo Wei
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Endovascular repair of the entire aortic arch provides treatment opportunities for patients with aortic arch lesions who are intolerant to open surgery. However, the complex anatomical configuration, high-speed blood flow and long access from the femoral artery increase the difficulty of endovascular aortic arch repair. On the basis of our earlier studies, a new modular inner branch stent-graft system was developed specifically for lesions located in the aortic arch and part of the ascending aorta. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the novel modular branch stent-graft system in patients with aortic arch lesions who are unsuitable for open aortic arch replacement.

Methods and analysis

This prospective, multicentre, single-arm, clinical trial will enrol 80 patients with aortic arch lesions requiring intervention, namely, true aortic arch aneurysms, pseudo-aortic arch aneurysms and penetrating ulcers involving the aortic arch. Clinical information and CT angiography (CTA) images will be collected and analysed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the novel modular branch stent-graft system. Patients will be followed up for 5 years. The primary outcome will be all-cause mortality and severe stroke within 12 months after the procedure. In addition, this trial will evaluate mid-term to long-term clinical and imaging outcomes through the annual clinical and CTA follow-up for 2–5 years postoperatively.

Ethics and dissemination

We have registered the study on a registry website (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home). The study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, physician newsletters, conferences and the mass media.

Trial registration number

NCT04765592.
Public support for car smoking bans in Poland: a 2022 national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ostrowska Aurelia , Jankowski Mateusz , Pinkas Jarosław
Published: October 2022

Objective

The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of self-reported secondhand smoke exposure in cars among adults in Poland and to characterise public attitudes towards the implementation of the ban on smoking in cars with children.

Design

Cross-sectional survey was carried out between 4 March 2022 and 7 March 2022 on a national sample of 1090 adult Polish residents. The questionnaire included 12 closed questions on smoking behaviours, secondhand smoke exposure as well as attitudes towards different smoke-free laws.

Participants

Data were obtained from 1090 individuals, aged 18–84 years, 52.6% were females.

Results

Almost every fifth respondent (17.7%) declared secondhand smoke exposure in cars in the past 30 days (31.8% of smokers and 12.0% of non-smokers; p<0.001). Lack of the implementation of smoke-free home rules (aOR 2.92, 95% CI 1.99 to 4.29; p<0.001), age 18–29 years (aOR 2.06; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.67; p=0.01), current smoking (aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.90; p<0.001) as well as bad financial situation (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.48; p=0.04) were significantly associated with the higher risk of secondhand smoke exposure in cars. Out of all respondents, 84.2% supported the implementation of the ban on smoking in cars with children. Out of 12 different sociodemographic factors, only the female gender (aOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.74) and being non-smokers (aOR 1.70. 95% CI 1.20 to 2.41; p=0.003) were significantly associated with the higher odds of supporting the implementation of the ban on smoking in cars with children.

Conclusions

This study showed high public support for the implementation of the ban on smoking in cars with children. Social support for smoke-free environments in Poland should be used by public health specialists and policy-makers to strengthen the national tobacco control act.
Critical role of diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 T cell assays for immunodeficient patients
Authors: Ameratunga Rohan , Woon See-Tarn , Steele Richard , Lehnert Klaus , Leung Euphemia , Brooks Anna E S
Published: October 2022

After almost 3 years of intense study, the immunological basis of COVID-19 is better understood. Patients who suffer severe disease have a chaotic, destructive immune response. Many patients with severe COVID-19 produce high titres of non-neutralising antibodies, which are unable to sterilise the infection. In contrast, there is increasing evidence that a rapid, balanced cellular immune response is required to eliminate the virus and mitigate disease severity. In the longer term, memory T cell responses, following infection or vaccination, play a critical role in protection against SARS-CoV-2.

Given the pivotal role of cellular immunity in the response to COVID-19, diagnostic T cell assays for SARS-CoV-2 may be of particular value for immunodeficient patients. A diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 T cell assay would be of utility for immunocompromised patients who are unable to produce antibodies or have passively acquired antibodies from subcutaneous or intravenous immunoglobulin (SCIG/IVIG) replacement. In many antibody-deficient patients, cellular responses are preserved. SARS-CoV-2 T cell assays may identify breakthrough infections if reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) or rapid antigen tests (RATs) are not undertaken during the window of viral shedding. In addition to utility in patients with immunodeficiency, memory T cell responses could also identify chronically symptomatic patients with long COVID-19 who were infected early in the pandemic. These individuals may have been infected before the availability of reliable RT-qPCR and RAT tests and their antibodies may have waned. T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 have greater durability than antibodies and can also distinguish patients with infection from vaccinated individuals.
Brain age gap in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wei Ren , Xu Xiaolu , Duan Yunyun , Zhang Ningnannan , Sun Jie , Li Haiqing , Li Yuxin , Li Yongmei , Zeng Chun , Han Xuemei , Zhou Fuqing , Huang Muhua , Li Runzhi , Zhuo Zhizheng , Barkhof Frederik , H Cole James , Liu Yaou
Published: October 2022

Objective

To evaluate the clinical significance of deep learning-derived brain age prediction in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) relative to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Methods

This cohort study used data retrospectively collected from 6 tertiary neurological centres in China between 2009 and 2018. In total, 199 patients with NMOSD and 200 patients with RRMS were studied alongside 269 healthy controls. Clinical follow-up was available in 85 patients with NMOSD and 124 patients with RRMS (mean duration NMOSD=5.8±1.9 (1.9–9.9) years, RRMS=5.2±1.7 (1.5–9.2) years). Deep learning was used to learn ‘brain age’ from MRI scans in the healthy controls and estimate the brain age gap (BAG) in patients.

Results

A significantly higher BAG was found in the NMOSD (5.4±8.2 years) and RRMS (13.0±14.7 years) groups compared with healthy controls. A higher baseline disability score and advanced brain volume loss were associated with increased BAG in both patient groups. A longer disease duration was associated with increased BAG in RRMS. BAG significantly predicted Expanded Disability Status Scale worsening in patients with NMOSD and RRMS.

Conclusions

There is a clear BAG in NMOSD, although smaller than in RRMS. The BAG is a clinically relevant MRI marker in NMOSD and RRMS.