bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of uric acid treatment on mitochlondria morphology and function in a steatosis model of L-02 cells
Authors: Xiang Wei , Cheng Shi , Zhou Yong , Ma Ling
Published: March 2021

Background and objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. Oxidative stress (OS) is a major contributor toward NAFLD development, while mitochondria play a central role in OS. Our previous study has shown that uric acid (UA), as a dual function metabolite, could alleviate OS. This study examined the impact of UA on mitochondria morphology and function in a model of steatosis using L-02 cells to explore the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Methods: The L‑02 hepatocyte cell line was used to develop a steatosis cell model via 0.3 mM oleic acid (OA) over 24 h, subsequently treated with uric acid (UA) dose of 5, 10, and 20 mg/dL for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis rate, and activity of Succinate dehydrogenase(SDH), cytochrome oxidas(CCO), and adenosine triphosphate(ATP) synthase in electron transport chain (ETC), as well as the content of ATP and 8-OH-dG were examined; ultrastructure was observed under an electron microscope. Results: Treatment with UA at a concentration of 5 and 10 mg/dL decreased the rate of ROS production, apoptosis, and 8-OH-dG concentration, while supporting ATP recovery, and SDH activity in the steatosis model cell. It also promoted lipid droplet metabolism; however, the recovery of mitochondria morphology was not obvious. Conclusions: Treatment with UA dose of 5 and 10 mg/dL could protect mitochondria from OS damage. Future research requires a more stable and effective model. keywords : electron transport chain, oxidative stress, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
FEATURES OF STUDENTS VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS PHYSICAL TRAINING
Authors:   Orenburg state university, Orenburg, Russia, Gorban I.G. , Kholodova G.B. ,   Orenburg state university, Orenburg, Russia, Grebennikova V.G. ,   Orenburg state university, Orenburg, Russia, Udovichenko E.V. ,   Orenburg state university, Orenburg, Russia
Published: March 2021

The modern level of development of volleyball demands high-quality approach to physical fitness of the player. The efficiency of educational and training process and effectiveness of game activity of the volleyball player depends on his overall, technical and tactical and psychological physical conditioning. There is no effective technique considering specific features of players when training college teams now. During the main training time of the training process, much attention is paid to the technical and tactical actions of the player. For general and special physical training of volleyball players special conditions and additional training time are necessary. The lack of such conditions in most student volleyball teams significantly reduces the game result as a whole. In search of a way out of the current problem, we have developed a method of education of physical capable taking into account the peculiarities of game actions of volleyball players. On the basis of the individual approach, and taking into account the training conditions of the male team of OGU, a program of general and special physical training was drawn up for each volleyball player, depending on his playing function on the site. At the final stage of our experiment, the player 's physical and special-physical preparedness rates increased markedly. The level of endurance of anaerobic character, jump endurance, high-speed endurance of attacking players, “libero,” defenders increased by 30%. The level of speed and speed-force abilities of volleyball players with different game role increased from 25–37 %. The obtained data of the study showed that the use of the technique developed by us of physical preparation of volleyball player significantly improved physical preparation of each player with different roles, and performance of the team as a whole.Key words: volleyball, physical fitness, player role.
INTERACTIVE EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SYSTEM OF TRAINING LINGUISTS AND INTERPRETERS
Authors:   Murmansk Arctic State University, Murmansk, Russia, Putistina O.V. , Ovcharenko N.V. ,   Murmansk Arctic State University, Murmansk, Russia
Published: March 2021

Interactive educational technologies have gained popularity in teaching foreign languages. Yet they have not been given enough attention in textbooks for training professional linguists and interpreters in foreign languages. At the same time the professional sphere of linguists is connected with different forms of communication and interaction. Communicate and social skills compose their professional communicative competence in foreign languages. The use of interactive technologies in teaching foreign languages to interpreters and translators fills the gap between the job requirements in this professional sphere and the professional training at universities. In this article we provide a substantial theoretical ground for the efficiency of interactive educational technologies in training linguists and interpreters. The article also describes the procedure and results of the trial training programme for linguists with the use of interactive educational technologies that we conducted at university. We implemented a special complex of tasks based on interaction for developing the professional communicative competence of linguists and interpreters in reading classes in a foreign language. The article provides examples of interactive technologies based on the idea of live communicative interaction. After the implementation of the special complex of interactive tasks into practice the students demonstrated a positive shift in the development of the skills of their professional competence in foreign languages. We analysed the results of the study and proved the efficacy of interactive educational technologies in training future translators and interpreters. The outcomes of the study indicate the increase of the level of the development of professional skills among the linguists students whom we taught with the use of interactive technologies and special interactive tasks. Thus we consider their use a perspective direction of research in the methods of teaching and training linguists and interpreters.
TEACHING MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING IN THE PROCESS OF EDUCATION MANAGERS TRAINING DURING THE MASTER’S COURSE
Authors:   Omsk State Pedagogical University, Omsk, Russia, Shipilina L.A.
Published: March 2021

Professionalism of management in the area of education is one of the conditions that ensures quality of education. Decision-making is the sort of quintessence of management activity that has a direct impact on the operation and development of educational systems. Studying of the teaching experience of education managers training at a number of higher educational institutions in the Siberian region resulted in the necessity of considering the problem of rationalizing and developing the specialized program of teaching the decision-making process. The aim of the research is to rationalize, develop and prove experimentally the effectiveness of the program of teaching managerial decision-making for education managers during the Master’s course while using studies of the factors that have an impact on the efficiency of managerial decision-making. During the research, statistical data about the influence of objective and subjective factors on the efficiency of education managers’ decisions made by them in the course of managing educational systems have been received. The concept of the author’s program of teaching education managers how to make managerial decisions ensures their mastering necessary skills as a process of development of the innovative culture. The content of the program allows to design the decision-making process as a specific kind of management activity. The methodical aspect of the program is aimed at using the case-study method in the process of teaching. The method provides optimal decision-making by its functionality. The research represents the experience of teaching the managerial decision-making process during the Master’s course at Omsk State Pedagogical University and the experimental data that prove the effectiveness of the developed program. The realization of the teaching program of managerial decision-making in the process of education managers training during the Master’s course ensures developing the appropriate competence through mastering skills of strategy development, skills of analyzing the situation and taking into account its dynamics, skills of step-by-step implementation of decision-making procedure on the basis of comprehensive and qualitative information. Teaching managerial decision-making using the case-study method helps to decrease the role of subjective factors of the negative kind.
USING THE ACTIVITY APPROACH AT EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES ON BIOLOGY IN COREIDAE (HEMIPTERA) STUDYING
Authors:   1Federal Research Center of Biodiversity of terrestrial biota East Asia FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia, Markova Т.О. , Hovrina А.V. ,   Far-Eastern Federal University, Ussuryisk, Russia, Bykovskaya N.V. ,   Far-Eastern Federal University, Ussuryisk, Russia, Maslov M.V. ,   1Federal Research Center of Biodiversity of terrestrial biota East Asia FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
Published: March 2021

An active approach to learning is provided in the process of working with reliance on internal incentives and the maintenance of educational motivation and makes it possible to move to a relatively active and performing active (creative) level. This can be achieved by setting problematic creative tasks and specific tasks, during which students understand the material of the topic, enrich the experience and knowledge of scientific researchers. Thus, new knowledge is remembered by using to solve the set educational tasks, and interested students receive additional information. They show interest in the subject, read special literature, expanding their knowledge in the field of biology, while the development of abilities takes into account individual characteristics. To achieve the result, the teacher needs to provide a psychologically comfortable climate that contributes to the activation of cognitive activity of students, their inclusion in the work and the development of independence. We have presented the author’s development of an event for secondary schools using an activity-based approach to teaching biology. Tasks: selection of a relevant research topic, collection of collection and photo material, familiarization with literary sources on the ecology of the regional fauna, development of methods for conducting the event, generalization of the results. Such classes contribute to the formation of the student’s personality, his communicative preparedness, cognitive skills, interest and a positive attitude towards learning, creative thinking. The information presented can be used by biology teachers as a local history material in secondary schools as a regional component of the educational program.
ETHNOMETHODOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL MODEL AS A WAY OF LABOR MIGRANTS LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia, Prosvirkina I.I. , Kulikova E.Yu. ,   Russian Peoples Friendship University, Moscow, Russia, Kuleshova R.V. ,   Belgorodsky State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
Published: March 2021

Russia, as a modern economically developed state, is faced with the need for linguistic and cultural adaptation of migrants, which is impossible without knowledge of the Russian language and culture. Moreover, a migrant needs to pass state testing in a short time — a comprehensive exam, and one of the modules is the Russian language. An exam can not always be passed without prior preparation. The study found that the “portrait” of a modern migrant has changed significantly over the past decade. He was significantly “younger”, therefore, a young man coming to Russia for work does not already have an understanding of a “common country”. The educational system of Russia is unfamiliar to him. There is no motivation to study any “sciences”, since the main purpose of his arrival is to carry out labor activities. To provide professional linguistic and methodological assistance to labor migrants from the Republic of Tajikistan, we have constructed an ethnomethodic model. The model is based on factors that allow you to determine the approach, develop a strategy, select didactic material, choose methods and techniques. Such factors are the personality of the student, the level of his education, ethno-psychological characteristics, mentality. The main approach that formed the basis of the training model for labor migrants from the Republic of Tajikistan was ethnomethodic, the main principles of which are considered to be taking into account national mentality, cultural values and especially the language of students. When creating the training model, two linguistic-educational technologies were used: traditional and blended learning. Thanks to the technology of blended learning, the ELOK Internet resource, an ethnolinguistic online course, was created and introduced into the educational process. The resource potential allows a migrant to use training materials at a convenient time for him. The effectiveness of the ethnomethodic training model for labor migrants from the Republic of Tajikistan, its role for integration into modern Russian society is confirmed by the results of experimental training and the results of state testing. An effective result allows us to talk about the need to create nationally-oriented programs of linguistic and cultural adaptation of foreign citizens.
PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE CONSEQUENCES FOR DIFFERENT AGE CATEGORIES
Authors:   Orenburg state university, Orenburg, Russia, Aptikieva L.R.
Published: March 2021

An increase in the number of victims of psycho-violence, which has a traumatic effect on the personality, causing emotional stress, stress, discomfort, and depression, necessitates studying the consequences of psycho-violence for different age categories. Three categories of manifestations of psycho-violence are distinguished: verbal aggression; dominant behavior; manifestations of jealousy that affect the victim of violence in different ways. Violations developing after the experienced psycho-violence affect all levels of an individual’s functioning and lead to sustainable personality changes. Objective: to identify the consequences of psycho-violence for different age categories. My theoretical study of the consequences of psycho-violence for different age categories made it possible to identify specific features of the consequences for different age categories. Consequences for children: sleep disturbances; hyperreactivity; impaired memory and concentration; irritability; a sharp decline in school performance; change of worldview; the emergence of many complexes; low self-esteem; maladaptation; health problems (various diseases occur); difficulty in building relationships; developmental delays (mental, emotional, speech); constant stress, fear, expectation of danger; suicidal tendency, asocial lifestyle. The consequences of psycho-violence in adults are disorders of a psychological and physical nature: sleep disturbances; nervous breakdowns; irritability; depression; anxiety; difficulty concentrating; panic conditions, heart attacks; loss of self-esteem; decreased self-esteem; violation of social relations; decrease in labor productivity. The consequences of psycho-violence for different age categories are different, the general thing is that violations affect all levels of a person’s functioning and lead to persistent personality changes.
CREATIVE-VALUE INTERACTION “TEACHER — STUDENT” IN A UNIVERSITY DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Orenburg state university, Orenburg, Russia, Aleksiuk Iu.O , Moroz V.V. ,   Orenburg state university, Orenburg, Russia
Published: March 2021

In spite of a numerous number of researches, creativity still is a quite uncertain and actual phenomenon in pedagogics. Nowadays creativity arises more and more interest due to dynamic changes in economics and society. Global changes in all spheres of human’s life make creativity an essential part of everyday routine. Creativity is a kind of balance between knowledge and ability to look at it critically. It is necessary to distinguish two concepts: creative teaching and teaching for creativity, where the first one involves the teacher’s creative activity in selecting the content of materials, and the second one engages and supports students in order to develop their creativity. The nature of the creative-value interaction of the teacher and students in the process of teaching a foreign language has to be upcoming. It is possible to create such an interaction in the digital environment of MOODLE using some certain principles of course design. In 2017–2018 there was implemented an additional course of a foreign language for students (1–3 courses) of non-linguistic specialties in the digital environment of Moodle, Orenburg State University. Experiment results showed that the level of creativity was higher at the final testing of the course comparing to the entrance one.
PREPARATION TECHNIQUE FOR WRITING ESSAYS AT INTERNATIONAL EXAMS IN ENGLISH
Authors:   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, Russia, Bessonova E.V. , Kirillova I.K. ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, Russia, Tarabarina YU.A. ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

Today experts with a high level of proficiency in a foreign language are considered in demand in the labour market. The level of foreign language proficiency is confirmed by a high test result of international exams in a foreign language. The essay is a mandatory part of international English language exams such as TOEFL, IELTS, and Cambridge Advanced English. We examined the requirements and assessment criteria for the essay writing exam task. The task assesses the level of speech skills formation necessary to create your own pieces of writing in a foreign language. As part of the research, we developed a technology for teaching writing based on a product-oriented approach. According to the technology we have identified the following stages of text production: task orientation, text planning, text writing, and text self-editing. We have also proposed a set of exercises aimed at developing following skills: task understanding, formulating the author’s point of view and its proving with relevant examples, planning a cohesive and coherent text, text division into paragraphs, highlighting of the paragraph’s main idea, development of the idea in the text, expressing ideas in the text logically in accordance with the rhetorical structure of English essay, usage of lexical cohesive means, text self-editing. This technology was tested during experimental training; its results prove the effectiveness of the proposed technology for teaching essay writing according to international English language exams requirements.
EMOTIONAL BURNOUT MANIFESTATION PECULIARITIES AMONG FOOTBALL COACHES
Authors:   Krasnodar State Institute of Culture, Krasnodar, Russia, Olshanskaya S.A. , Karalova S.N. ,   Kuban State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Krasnodar, Russia
Published: March 2021

Sports trainers are in the field of care professions — the person-person system. Their livelihoods are carried out in an environment associated with additional stressors: high requirements for victory, administrative and parental intervention or indifference, disciplinary problems, variety of roles. The above and other professionally significant components of the activity to a greater extent determine the premature development of professional burnout of trainers. It can manifest itself at different levels of personality organization and with its different behavioral manifestations. The professional burnout of football coaches can adversely affect their performance. The level of burnout of specialists in this field depends on their professional growth. The results obtained by studying the sources that affect burnout provide an opportunity to improve the system of early diagnosis and selection of personnel for the pedagogical profession, in particular, trainers in sports who deal with children, which explains their practical value. To the factors that reduce burnout, coaches include sports and the entertainment of football. However, this only delay their emotional burnout.
MODELING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY PERSONNEL TRAINING IN PRODUCTION RISK SITUATIONS
Authors:   Autonomous non-profit organization of supplementary professional education «Verifies», Orenburg, Russia, Repyakh L.P.
Published: March 2021

Development of the oil and gas industry in the world is followed by growth of risks of accidents, precedents and dangers. The production risk of the oil and gas industry (internal for the enterprise) is connected with actions of personnel — masters, technicians, engineers of an average link. Need of abilities of riskologichesky character for personnel is recorded in educational and professional standards. At the same time the conventional attitude of personnel to situations of production risk is established that increases danger of technological processes of the oil and gas industry, provokes accidents with significant damage and human losses, updates problems of the choice of the best ways of training of personnel in actions in the conditions of risk situations. Relevant training of personnel as a part of the “training through all life” system is implemented in additional professional education which possesses necessary mobility and flexibility of programs, technologies and techniques of training for timely the answer to calls of dynamically developing oil and gas production. At the same time experience of DPO in training of personnel of an oil and gas complex for situations of production risk is insufficiently scientifically presented and studied. The purpose of the article is to present the results of modeling and implementation of training of oil and gas industry personnel to situations of industrial risk in conditions of additional professional education (DPO). I have developed a model of training of oil and gas industry personnel to situations of industrial risk, implemented in conditions of additional professional education on the basis of a systematic approach. The model is an integration of target, methodological, structural, content-technological and performance-evaluation blocks. Implementation of the model is based on interaction of “DPO-client-employer,” filling of DPO programs with up-to-date subject knowledge, orientation on digitalization and visualization of production and training processes. The pilot study involved 1,232 engineering participants. The results of the study are based on the creation and implementation of a model for training oil and gas industry personnel for production risk situations. There were positive changes in the results of training — the share of students demonstrating the ability to act independently in situations of industrial risk increased in the experimental groups from 5.94% to 21.78%.
PHILOSOPHICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY: PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Banshchikov A.V. , Ivanenkov S.P. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Psychology and Social Work, editor-in-chief of «Credo new» magazine, SaintPetersburg, Russia
Published: March 2021

At the beginning of its formation psychology used to be a philosophical discipline; permanent methodological crisis started along with psychology standing apart as a separate science. The common questions that defined methodological crisis of psychology are its philosophical foundation and subject of study. This article contains information about one of the attempts to find a solution to listed problems on materials of the history of Russian psychology. The path of psychology formation on a basis of Marxist philosophy wasn’t easy; there were many debates and arguments upon a subject. This way wasn’t a coincidence, it was conditioned both social processes and inner logic of this science development. The chosen historical example shows the connection between philosophy and psychology. This connection back there was reasoned by the fact that at first there was a need to defend the materialistic approach to the understanding of psychological. Currently, the question of the philosophical basis of psychology is being ignored, though in the Soviet era for a short period this crisis was overcome and methodology that was constructed allowed to achieve expected results. The methodological crisis arose again with the political system being demolished. Pluralistic methodological positions that existed afterwards couldn’t grand the actual solution, they only acknowledged the existence of a multiplicity of psychologies. One of the alternatives to further development would be the construction of an independent discipline going by the name of a philosophy of psychology. Psychology needs philosophical conceptualization and a view from the meta on its history and future evolution. This discipline can stop arguments that went on for years. We though suppose that the construction of this discipline needs full scientific cooperation including support from those who work in the field of psychology, philosophy and methodology. Constructing unified methodological and communicative space on a basis of the philosophy of psychology can help with solutions to practical tasks such as the question of consciousness or the development of artificial intelligence.
INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT OF THE POPULATION IN THE SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL DIMENSION
Authors:   The Kazan Legal Institute MIA of Russia, Kazan, Russia, Belov E.A.
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that there is currently no clear socio-philosophical interpretation of informal employment. This is evidenced by the direct analysis of the literature on the stated problems, as well as the low research activity of scientists in various forms of organizing scientific activities (conferences, round tables, symposiums, etc.). at the same time, a lack of understanding of the internal content of this phenomenon can lead to serious socio-economic, political, ethical and other problems in society. The purpose of the study is to identify the essence of informal employment and establish the comparability of the concepts of «work», «employment», «work». Dialectical and formal-logical research methods are used with partial use of the functional analysis method and the system approach method. In the course of the work, the author argues for differences in social phenomena described by such concepts as «employment», «informal employment», «informal and shadow economy», and identifies the reasons for the emergence and functioning of informal labor relations. In order to reveal the content of the «informal employment of the population» construct itself, such elements as an economic entity (organizational unit), a business entity (employed person), and an activity (the process of creating a product or service) are highlighted. Based on the analysis of the essential characteristics of labor, employment and work, the necessity of limiting the concept of informal labor in relation to informal employment is justified. In the process of historical analysis of the employment process focuses on the transition from industrial to post-industrial stage of development of social relations, changing the culture of production and consumption, the destruction of domestic social organizations. Some stereotypes of behavior and thinking of modern informally employed workers are revealed. It is argued that modern socio-economic conditions have formed the prerequisites for the development of informal relations in the field of labor. This makes it necessary to develop a set of measures to prevent significant changes in labor standards; to develop mechanisms for transferring informal employment to employment permitted by law and preventing its transfer to the sphere of criminal activity. As a recommendation indicates the importance of the correct approach to the problems of informal employment, as distorted information would lead to knowingly making incorrect decisions during the implementation of state programs of development of the labour market and employment and other strategic programs of optimization of various spheres of life of the population.
HISTORICAL REALITY IN THE LIGHT OF CONSTRUCTIVISM
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Ufa, Russia, Rakhmatullin R.Yu.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the thesis «historical reality as a narrative». The relevance of the article determines the place of historical knowledge as the most important ideological tool formalizing the national and civilian identity. The originality of the article lies in an attempt to find a middle ground between radical constructivism and realism whilst explaining the phenomenon of «historical reality». Research methodology — constructivism. This methodology leads to following results: 1. Historical reality is always a construct that has an author with his political, moral, religious or other beliefs. Based on this, it should be taken into consideration that other researchers establish different and even alternative historical realities. Therefore, the story will remain as a multitude of competing stories. 2. The reference to historical facts as a proof meaning the correspondence of the narrative to the described event is not a valid argument. There are the following reasons for this: a) any story originated in the past is limited to a certain number of facts. Meanwhile, there are always some unknown facts that can significantly change the picture of historical reality; b) historical reality made of fact selection depends on the researcher and the goals he pursues; c) falsification of facts is often used in historical sources. 3. Every honest researcher creates his own narrative out of real-life events and characters, which makes it possible to assert his objectivity and the incorrectness of the radical constructivism methodology. But even the most honest researcher has personality traits that can be reflected on his work, which gives grounds to claim that realism is wrong. Therefore, the truth still lies somewhere in the middle and being represented by moderate constructivism or constructive realism.
TRANSFORMATION OF AN ORDINARY RING ROAD INTERSECTION INTO A TURBO RING INTERSECTION: BANDWIDTH COMPARISON
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia, Rassokha V.I. , Nikitin N.A. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
Published: March 2021

In large cities, a situation often arises when roundabout intersections of highways no longer cope with the passage of traffic flows. The main reasons for this problem are the inconsistency of the potential traffic capacity of the roundabout with real traffic flows, as well as the lack of knowledge and skills of drivers on the roundabout carriageway. To reduce the influence of the human factor, various solutions are proposed, but, as practice has shown, ducted roundabouts or «turbo rings» are the most effective. A feature of this configuration of the carriageway is the predictability of driver behavior due to the physical separation of lanes for traffic. In a number of countries, turbo ring intersections have already been put into operation, which made it possible to confirm the alleged advantages of this configuration: the absence of changeover maneuvers on the ring carriageway, the need to give way to a maximum of two traffic flows, and a decrease in the average travel speed along the ring intersection. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the existing threelane intersection, characterized by a predominance of lefthand turn flow during rush hours, and the developed design of the turbo ring interchange. Empirical data on traffic flows and length of queues, as well as a matrix of correspondences, were used to calibrate the computer micromodel. Micromodeling was carried out by means of: specifying the matrix of correspondences, taking into account the distribution of the traffic flow in time; setting the rules of priority, speed of approach to the intersection and speed reduction zones; development of scenarios for the analysis of morning and evening rush hours, fluctuations in traffic flows in time. Performance comparisons were made for the node as a whole, as well as for the selected busiest routes in terms of average and maximum congestion lengths, average latency and downtime. To assess the performance of the intersections, it was proposed to use foreign methods for assessing the capacity based on the mathematical models of Bowie, Hagring and Fortine. It was revealed that the transformation of the existing circular intersection into a turbo ring made it possible not only to increase the throughput of the node, but also to reduce congestion at the entrances and exits, which determines the practical significance of the study. To study the possibility of integrating the methodology for assessing the throughput, considered in the article, into the domestic method for choosing the type of intersections, which is the basis of regulatory and technical documents. The ultimate goal of the study is to create a new methodology for assessing the throughput of circular intersections of various types, including taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of circular intersections on the territory of the Russian Federation.
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR LIGHT INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Gavrilyuk A.V. , Khvorostyanaya A.S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

Light industry is one of the most important sectors of the national and world economy. Due to the strategic priority of the science development in many countries, the issues of technology transfer are included in the economic development current agenda. The main purpose of the research is to identify the key strategic foundations of industrial technology transfer. To do this, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, analogy, comparison, generalization, inductive and deductive methods. The article reveals the economic essence of industrial technology transfer, shows that technology transfer should be understood as a combination of exchange operations with production functions that reduce transaction costs and create added value. The article considers the strategic role of technology transfer as the most vital factor in the transition to Industry 4.0, focused on the technologies transfer from research organizations to the real economy sector. A special mechanism for implementing technology transfer in light industry and the fashion industry is shown, which provides flexibility and competitive advantage of manufacturing enterprises in a complex and rapidly changing environment. The article scientific novelty is related to the disclosure of the channels and tools essence for the industry transfer of the research results, development and technological work aimed at achieving the light industry and fashion industry enterprises innovative goals. The digital platform solutions role for the long-term cooperative chains formation is emphasized, which allows using this tool to implement a step-by-step industry transfer process in the future for light industry enterprises and the fashion industry. One of the promising areas of further research may be the platform solutions impact study on the social and economic efficiency of technology transfer. For light industry and fashion companies, it is recommended to create digital platforms for activating the work of all industry actors in technology transfer, creating projects and innovative proposals database and providing access to them in real time.
EXPORT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE: CASE STUDIES FROM FINLAND AND GERMANY
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia, Ilin A.B. , Sizova Yu.S. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

Relevance: one of the accumulation key areas of macroeconomic stability — entrepreneurial activity, faced country’s insurmountable difficulties in 2020. Supporting the business sustainability, it is ready to overcome these difficulties only with the participation of the parties concerned. First of all, entrepreneurship support is the authorities responsibity, and it has already come to life in Russia and in other countries of the world. For their future performance, companies will be influenced by the relationship of society to business and by the business participants, such as as founders, owners, employers. It is obvious, that in the conditions of the current coronavirus pandemic some companies face uncertainty, discordance, and they do not accept forced downtime participation in the business processes. Entrepreneurship support, business support institutions, relationship of companies’ entrepreneurial activity and stakeholders formed the conceipt «entrepreneurial culture». The level of its development will depend, on national-cultural characteristics, which will be reflected in the study. Purpose: to highlight the parametric dilemmas of the national entrepreneurial culture, to evaluate their actions as exemplified by Finland and Germany. Methods and methodological apparatus of the study: models of entrepreneurial culture: cultural dimensional characters by G. Hofstede; the development model of intercultural sensitivity by M. Bennett; cultural dimensional characters by F. Trompenaars and C. Hampden-Turner; parametric dilemmas of the national entrepreneurial culture by Yu. S. Sizova and A. B. Ilyin [6]. Main results: the concept of entrepreneurial culture is defined; the models of entrepreneurial culture and the restrictions on their use are noted; authors dilemmas of entrepreneurial culture and their use in Finland and Germany are presented and the features of entrepreneurial culture of these countries are determined. Scientific novelty: for the study of entrepreneurial culture, a complex elements that includes the parametric dilemmas of national entrepreneurial culture as the lack of state support — the attendance of state support was defined: «lack of state support — state suppor existance»; «restrictions for non-resident entrepreneurs — neutrality for non-resident entrepreneurs»; «lack of support institutions — support institutions existence»; «noncompliance to national features in doing business — compliance to national features in doing business»; «lack of the laws supporting entrepreneurial activity — availability of laws supporting entrepreneurial activity»; «lack of business controlling by the supervisory authorities — existence of business controlling by the supervisory authorities»; «adverse business environment — conducive business environment». Practical relevance: the results of the study may be used by enterprises of different levels.
ASSESSMENT OF THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF REGIONAL BONDS OF THE ORENBURG REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF MITIGATING MONETARY POLICY AND GLOBAL UNCERTAINTY
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia, Levin V.S.
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the research is that regional bonds are not only a source of covering the region’s public debt, but also a tool for investment. Currently, the investment attractiveness of such instruments is low, since they are not liquid enough and are low-yielding. In the context of global uncertainty and monetary policy easing, regional bonds can be considered as an alternative investment tool, since they have a fairly high reliability and low investment risk. The purpose of the research is to assess the investment attractiveness of regional bonds of the Orenburg region. The main results are as follows. The comparative characteristics of the Moscow exchange indices on the terms and depth of correction in the securities market in the first half of 2020 are carried out. The dynamics of the exchange rate value of bonds of the Orenburg region (issue # 35003) and the index of municipal bonds are analyzed. It is shown that the bonds of the Orenburg region included in the index of municipal bonds are more stable and conservative financial instruments in comparison with other units of the considered population. The correlation between the yield, price and duration of bonds from the municipal bond index is identified and described based on correlation and regression analysis. To do this, the relationships between the yield and price of bonds were initially estimated using pair regression, and then the yield and duration of the bonds were estimated. As a result, a multi-factor model of multiple regression was built, which allows forecasting the yield of regional bonds. Other factors that are not included in the model and may have an impact on bond yields are indicated. It is shown that in comparison with budget loans, bond loans have a number of advantages: a longer-term nature of attracting funds, availability for a large number of investors, market pricing, the ability to improve the image and investment attractiveness of the Issuer with the help of a credit rating of the region, confirmed by leading rating agencies. The reliability of regional bonds of the Orenburg region was confirmed by the rating Agency Fitch Ratings on June 12, 2020 at the level of «BB+», the forecast is «Stable». It is shown that an additional incentive to purchase sub-Federal bonds by individuals can be a significant tax savings in the framework of opening and active use of an individual investment account.
THE CONCEPT OF AN ELECTRONIC TRADING PLATFORM FOR MANAGING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WOOL PROCESSING
Authors:   National research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Mizikovsky I.E. , Lidzhi-Goryaev D.V. ,   National research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the research is that in Russia there is a problem of underdevelopment of the system of purchasing wool and its processed products at all levels of the value chain. The purpose of the research is to develop a concept for creating a specialized electronic trading platform that allows organizing inter-industry interaction in the field of wool processing based on the principles of auction trade, excluding unnecessary intermediary links. The paper proposes the creation of a specialized electronic trading platform (exchange), specializing in the purchase and sale of wool and its products by analogy with the world’s leading (Australian, New Zealand and Chinese-countries that are world leaders in the production and processing of wool) wool exchanges. The differences between the author’s recommendations and those that are known and tested in the world practice are that the key participant of the exchange is the state national wool certification body, which creates the main condition for exchange trading — high-quality classification and batch standardization of wool. An electronic exchange that includes trading, settlement (guarantee) and payment systems must be an official trading platform licensed by the state as a professional Institute of the financial market; its main task is to facilitate market transactions between buyers and sellers of wool by overcoming information asymmetry for the parties to transactions. The difference between the proposed concept is that digital technologies and tools are used in exchange trading of wool: QR-coding of wool batches, the use of smart contracts, distributed registries (blockchain). The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in the Russian market, the concept of organizing electronic exchange trade in wool using innovative digital technologies and tools (QR-coding, smart contracts, blockchain), where, along with buyers-processors of wool and sellers — producers of wool, there is a mandatory participant — the state national certification body, which organizes the certification process of exchange batches of wool. In practical terms, the author’s proposals allow us to: streamline the domestic wool market; organize certified wool trade both in accordance with the best world practices and in accordance with m
TYPOLOGY OF RURAL TERRITORIES BY LEVEL OF ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Volgograd State Agricultural University, Volgograd, Russia, Popova S.A. , Smotrova E.E. ,   Volgograd State Agricultural University, Volgograd, Russia, Kolpakova E.A. ,   Volgograd State Agricultural University, Volgograd, Russia
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the study is that the poor quality and fragmentary engineering arrangement of rural settlements negatively affects the demographics of rural areas. The aim of the study is to develop a comprehensive methodology for assessing the impact of the state of engineering infrastructure of rural settlements on the demography of rural territories, which is an integral indicator of the proposed rural population density. The paper proposes a method for a comprehensive assessment of rural areas by the level of development of engineering infrastructure. The composite index of rural engineering infrastructure development aggregates seven private statistical indicators calculated for each region of Russia in 2018 and normalized using the linear scaling method. The main difference between the author’s method and the previously conducted research is the combination of the results of ranking Russian regions by the level of development of engineering infrastructure in rural areas with grouping by the density of the rural population. The novelty of the proposed approach is associated with the formation of two-dimensional groupings of rural areas, where population density is regarded as the primary grouping characteristics, and the level of development of engineering infrastructure as a secondary grouping characteristic that gave the possibility to evaluate the correlation between the level of development of social and engineering infrastructure of rural territories and their people. The results of the correlation analysis indicate a moderate relationship between the density of the rural population and the level of development of engineering infrastructure in rural areas. In practical terms, the typology formed serves as an objective basis for identifying and comparing growth points and priorities for sustainable spatial development of rural territories in the future, which creates prerequisites for the unification of state approaches to strategic planning and management of socio-economic development of rural territories of the Russian Federation and regions. The directions of further research are related to the development of the proposed approach in terms of comprehensive coverage of other components of socio-economic development of rural areas (demography, economy, agriculture, social infrastructure) for a more complete assessment of their impact on the rural population density.