bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spintronic virtual neural network by a voltage controlled ferromagnet for associative memory
Authors: Taniguchi Tomohiro , Imai Yusuke
Published: April 2024

Recently, an associative memory operation by a virtual oscillator network, consisting of a single spintronic oscillator, was examined to solve issues in conventional, real oscillators-based neural networks such as inhomogeneities between the oscillators. However, the spintronic oscillator still carries issues dissipating large amount of energy because it is driven by electric current. Here, we propose to use a single ferromagnet manipulated by voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect as a fundamental element in a virtual neural network, which will contribute to significantly reducing the Joule heating caused by electric current. Instead of the oscillation in oscillator networks, magnetization relaxation dynamics were used for the associative memory operation. The associative memory operation for alphabet patterns is successfully demonstrated by giving correspondences between the colors in a pattern recognition task and the sign of a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy coefficient, which could be either positive or negative via the VCMA effect.
A set of guidelines as support for the integrated geo-environmental characterization of highly contaminated coastal sites
Authors: Rizzo Angela , Scicchitano Giovanni , Mastronuzzi Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

The knowledge of geomorphodynamic aspects is crucial for understanding marine and coastal processes/dynamics as well as for characterizing coastal environments heavily affected by anthropogenic activities. To provide a framework of analysis that can be applied in a consistent way for the geo-environmental characterization of highly contaminated coastal sites, in this paper a set of operational guidelines is proposed. Special attention is given to the role of geomorphological-based surveys and analyses in defining (i) the site-specific geological model of the investigated site, (ii) the anthropogenic impacts on marine and coastal sediments, (iii) the expected morphodynamic variations induced by climate change and anthropogenic interventions, (iv) tailored dissemination activities and community engagement plans. Then, an evaluation of the state of the art of activities already performed for the characterization of the coastal contaminated sites located in the Apulia region (southern Italy) is provided. The outcomes of this research are also provided in the form of infographics to favor their dissemination among communities and stakeholders.
Evaluation of specific RBE in different cells of hippocampus under high-dose proton irradiation in rats
Authors: Zhou Shengying , Ding Xingchen , Zhang Yiyuan , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Xiaowen , Guo Yujiao , Zhang Jianguang , Liu Xiao , Gong Guanzhong , Su Ya , Wang Lizhen , Zhao Miaoqing , Hu Man
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to determine the specific relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of various cells in the hippocampus following proton irradiation. Sixty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups receiving 20 or 30 Gy of proton or photon irradiation. Pathomorphological neuronal damage in the hippocampus was assessed using Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining. The expression level of NeuN, Nestin, Caspase-3, Olig2, CD68 and CD45 were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The RBE range established by comparing the effects of proton and photon irradiation at equivalent biological outcomes. Proton20Gy induced more severe damage to neurons than photon20Gy, but showed no difference compared to photon30Gy. The RBE of neuron was determined to be 1.65. Similarly, both proton20Gy and proton30Gy resulted in more inhibition of oligodendrocytes and activation of microglia in the hippocampal regions than photon20Gy and photon30Gy. However, the expression of Olig2 was higher and CD68 was lower in the proton20Gy group than in the photon30Gy group. The RBE of oligodendrocyte and microglia was estimated to be between 1.1 to 1.65. For neural stem cells (NSCs) and immune cells, there were no significant difference in the expression of Nestin and CD45 between proton and photon irradiation (both 20 and 30 Gy). Therefore, the RBE for NSCs and immune cell was determined to be 1.1. These findings highlight the varying RBE values of different cells in the hippocampus in vivo. Moreover, the actual RBE of the hippocampus may be higher than 1.1, suggesting that using as RBE value of 1.1 in clinical practice may underestimate the toxicities induced by proton radiation.
Health status based on EQ-5D-5L for the cancer patient population in Malaysia
Authors: Wan Puteh Sharifa Ezat , Razali Hasyimah , Ismail Aniza , Zulkifli Malina
Published: April 2024

The EQ-5D is a common generic tool used in clinical trials and economic evaluations to evaluate the health-related quality of life as a proxy of health outcomes. To date, studies using EQ-5D-5L to evaluate the health status of cancer patients remain scarce in Malaysia. In this study, EQ-5D-5L dimensions, EQ-5D-5L index, and EQ-VAS scores were applied to assess the health status of Malaysian cancer patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted March-December 2022 to collect data relevant to the EQ-5D-5L valuation of health status via the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) platform. Respondents rated their health states using EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS. Among the 235 respondents, the mean EQ-5D-5L index and EQ-VAS score were 0.76 (SD 0.223) and 81.06 (SD 16.36). Most of the patients reported some problems in the pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression dimensions. The level of education, stage of cancer, and comorbidity were significantly associated with better health status on EQ-5D-5L (p < 0.05) but only the stage of cancer was significantly associated with EQ-VAS scores. This study highlighted the disparities in self-reported health status across patients of different sociodemographic and medical profiles with EQ-5D-5L valuation. Thus, future research should use EQ-5D norm scores as a benchmark of comparison among cancer patients.
Automating the Illumina DNA library preparation kit for whole genome sequencing applications on the flowbot ONE liquid handler robot
Authors: Meijers Erin , Verhees Fabienne B. , Heemskerk Dennis , Wessels Els , Claas Eric C. J. , Boers Stefan A.
Published: April 2024

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is currently making its transition from research tool into routine (clinical) diagnostic practice. The workflow for WGS includes the highly labor-intensive library preparations (LP), one of the most critical steps in the WGS procedure. Here, we describe the automation of the LP on the flowbot ONE robot to minimize the risk of human error and reduce hands-on time (HOT). For this, the robot was equipped, programmed, and optimized to perform the Illumina DNA Prep automatically. Results obtained from 16 LP that were performed both manually and automatically showed comparable library DNA yields (median of 1.5-fold difference), similar assembly quality values, and 100% concordance on the final core genome multilocus sequence typing results. In addition, reproducibility of results was confirmed by re-processing eight of the 16 LPs using the automated workflow. With the automated workflow, the HOT was reduced to 25 min compared to the 125 min needed when performing eight LPs using the manual workflow. The turn-around time was 170 and 200 min for the automated and manual workflow, respectively. In summary, the automated workflow on the flowbot ONE generates consistent results in terms of reliability and reproducibility, while significantly reducing HOT as compared to manual LP.
Population structure and ongoing microevolution of the emerging multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium ST213
Authors: Serrano-Fujarte Isela , Calva Edmundo , García-Domínguez Jimena , Ortiz-Jiménez Stephanie , Puente José L.
Published: April 2024

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ST213 is an emergent multidrug-resistant sequence type associated with the food chain, and gastrointestinal and invasive infections in North America. Here, we applied genomic and phenotypic analyses to illustrate the diversity and evolution of sequence type ST213. The population structure and evolutionary history of ST213 strains, particularly the North American isolates (NA-ST213) distinguish them from other S. Typhimurium sequence types, including European ST213 strains. NA-ST213 isolates were distributed in four co-circulating lineages with distinct multidrug resistance profiles and unique phage and CRISPR spacers patterns that could have shaped their local microevolution. Compared to the SL1344 reference strain, NA-ST213 demonstrated reduced adherence and internalization in cultured eukaryotic cell lines but exhibited more efficient replication and intracellular survival. This study underscores the relevance of studying an emergent S. Typhimurium sequence type and the events leading to its diversification beyond the well-characterized reference strains and worldwide predominant sequence types. However, it must also serve as a cautionary tale of the potential health risk the NA-ST213 may represent; particularly when there is a close relationship with pandemic sequence types such as the monophasic ST34.
Strategic attitude expressions as identity performance and identity creation in interaction
Authors: O’Reilly Caoimhe , Mannion Shane , Maher Paul J. , Smith Elaine M. , MacCarron Pádraig , Quayle Michael
Published: April 2024

We assess the strategic alignment of attitudes and the active construction of attitude-based identity across two studies. Study one assessed the twitter response (hashtags in English) to the war in Ukraine for five months after Russia’s first invasion of Ukraine 2022 (N = 8149). Results demonstrated that individuals publicly expressed hashtags similar to others close to them in the followership network, showing their support for Ukraine and condemnation of the Russian invasion in qualitatively different ways. Study two was a preregistered Prolific experiment with geographical European participants ran in September, 2022 (N = 1368). Results demonstrated that attitude interaction with ingroup members motivated interactants towards attitude alignment, and attitude alignment strengthened the identification that motivated the alignment in the first place. Results suggest that attitude expression is performative and constrained by one’s group relationship with one’s audience and the definition of social identity can be constrained by opinion-based identity performance.
Evaluation of high-pressure homogenization as a pretreatment for the extraction and drying of 6-gingerol from ginger
Authors: Dilukshi Vichakshana Ginithillawala Arachchilage , Foo Su Chern , Choo Wee Sim
Published: April 2024

6-Gingerol is the major biologically active component found in the ginger rhizome, and this study investigated the effect of high-pressure homogenization pretreatment on the recovery of 6-gingerol.
Fluorosulfide La2.7Ba6.3F8.7S6 with a double-layer honeycomb structure enabling fluoride-ion conduction
Authors: Tachibana Shintaro , Zhong Chengchao , Tojigamori Takeshi , Miki Hidenori , Matsunaga Toshiyuki , Orikasa Yuki
Published: April 2024

Mixed-anion compounds for fluoride-ion conductors have been explored. Through a material within the BaS–LaF3–BaF2 ternary phase diagram, we discovered a novel fluorosulfide, La2.7Ba6.3F8.7S6, which exhibits fluoride-ion conduction.
Manganese-based nanomaterials promote synergistic photo-immunotherapy: green synthesis, underlying mechanisms, and multiple applications
Authors: Cao Yuanyuan , Li Yilin , Ren Caixia , Yang Chengkai , Hao Rongzhang , Mu Tiancheng
Published: April 2024

Manganese-based nanoparticles exhibit the multiple roles of immune adjuvants, photosensitizers and photothermal agents in photo-immunotherapy, enhancing anti-tumor immunity through multiple ways.
Comparison of quality and oxidative stability of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita maxima) oil between conventional and enzymatic extraction methods
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Li Ziqian , Fu Manfei
Published: April 2024

Pumpkin seed oil was obtained from three extraction methods, namely Soxhlet extraction (SE), cold-pressed extraction (CPE), and aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE).
Breaking barriers: How modified citrus pectin inhibits galectin-8
Authors: Shuai Ming , Li Yiqing , Guan Fanqi , Fu Guixia , Sun Chengxin , Ren Qianqian , Wang Li , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2024

Modified citrus pectin (MCP) can bind to galectin-8 in addition to galectin-3. Compared to the other MCP components, MCP-30–3 displayed the strongest inhibition of galectin-8.
Interface-modulated morphological transition of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) crystals
Authors: Li Bingbing , Esker Alan R.
Published: April 2024

Semicrystalline poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL)-based blends exhibit immense potential for the design of various environmentally friendly disposable or short-lived materials.
Ultrathin MOF nanosheets and their mixed-matrix membranes for ammonia and aliphatic amine sensing in water
Authors: Ladhi Ritu , Dhillon Arshminder Kaur , Singh Monika
Published: April 2024

Ultrathin Ni-btc MOF NS showed “turn-on” fluorescence in presence of NH3 and aliphatic amines in water. Different dipole-dipole interactions between MOF NS and analytes, resulted in different fluorescence behaviour in order NH3 > MA > DIPA > TEA.
The structure and application portfolio of intricately architected silver cluster-assembled materials
Authors: Nakatani Riki , Das Saikat , Negishi Yuichi
Published: April 2024

In this review, we provide a brief sketch of silver cluster-assembled materials research with crucial insights into atomic-level structural correlations with the phenomena at the nanoscale.
Closed pore structure engineering from ultra-micropores with the assistance of polypropylene for boosted sodium ion storage
Authors: Li Xue , Sun Ning , Zhang Shaohong , Soomro Razium Ali , Xu Bin
Published: April 2024

Closed pore architectures with exceptional Na-storage performance have been successfully fabricated from ultra-micropores with the assistance of polypropylene.
Morphometric changes in the blood and lymphatic channels during inflammation
Authors: Abreshov Serik , Yessenova Makpal , Yeshmukhanbet Anar , Atanbaeva Gulshat , Demchenko Georgiy
Published: April 2024

When the abdominal cavity is inflamed, the lymphatic channel, i.e. the system of lymph vessels and lymph nodes, which play an important role in protecting the body from infections and ensuring proper metabolism, may be affected. Inflammation of the lymphatic channel can lead to its enlargement, soreness and even the formation of purulent foci. The study of morphometric changes in the lymphatic channel during inflammation is an important task for a more detailed understanding of inflammatory processes occurring in the body. The results of our experiments showed that during inflammatory processes of the abdominal cavity there are changes in the blood and lymphatic vessels. Relative volumes of vessels of different types per unit significantly decreased compared to the indicators of the control group. In submucosa and muscularis the morphometry data confirm the fact of arterial vessels spasm, lymphatic vessel reduction and simultaneous persistent venous vessels expansion. In rats with the developed inflammatory process in lymphatic vessels the expansion of lymphatic slits and significant thickening of the wall of large lymphatic vessels was found, which is associated with an increase in the volume of blood plasma, increasing the load on lymphatic vessels as a drainage system of the body.
Circulating biomarkers and their implications in COVID-19 pathogenesis
Authors: Berikkyzy Aruzhan , Duisenbek Ayauly , Mukhitdin Beibarys , Amanbay Balgyn , Kulbayeva Marzhan
Published: April 2024

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The coronavirus infection emerged in China in 2019 and quickly disseminated globally in a short time. According to WHO about 100 million people were infected in 2021, rising to 500 million in 2022. In most cases, the trajectory of COVID-19 concludes with a positive result. However, the likelihood of experiencing a serious form of the disease is quite high. A severe form of coronavirus infection causes a storm of reactions in the body. The increased release of cytokines into the blood in response to viral infection is called cytokine release syndrome and causes acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure. Timely control of cytokine storm with drugs such as immunomodulators and cytokine antagonists, as well as reduction of lung inflammatory cell infiltration is the main way to improve treatment effectiveness and decrease the mortality rate in individuals suffering from COVID-19.
The effect of lypolitics on atherosclerotic plaques of the artery
Authors: Darmenov Oralbay , Issayeva Nazym , Zhaksybay Zhuldyz , Sadyrbayeva Gulnur , Bayanbay Nurlan
Published: April 2024

Endovascular removal of atherosclerotic plaques from the artery is of critical strategic importance, is a new direction and represents a primary task. The innovative capabilities of our invention make it possible to create a sealed cavity in the lumen of the artery with continuous blood flow, and to directly influence atheromas with the drug online. This served as the basis for studying the effect of 8 lipolytics on atheromas of 124 arterial vessels directly on anatomical preparations: 35 coronary, 31 carotid, 51 abdominal aorta and 7 iliac arteries. Visual observation, histology, endoscopy, video endoscopy and scanning electron microscopy during an observation period of 5 minutes to 5 days did not reveal significant changes in the structure, consistency, shape and number of arterial atheromas when exposed to 6 lipolytics, with the exception of Bile acid factors and phosphatidylcholine lipolytics. These lipolytics have demonstrated their effect - reducing the size, loosening and softening the consistency of plaques, as well as facilitating their detachment from the muscle layer and intima of the artery. However, the studied lipolytics did not dissolve or destroy atherosclerotic plaques completely.
Investigation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression and its correlation with age, gender, disease stage and degree of tumor differentiation of gastric cancer patients
Authors: Komekbay Zhanat , Baitenov Kuanysh , Yessultanova Gulnaz , Zhurgenova Altynay , Zhumamurat Rakhat
Published: April 2024

We performed a comparative observational study to evaluate HER2 protein expression in gastric cancer patients, and explored its correlations with clinicopathological characteristics. HER2 protein expression were assessed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded stomach tissue by immunohistochemistry. Patient information was collected, and associations between clinicopathological factors and HER2 positivity (IHC score 3+ or 2 +) and HER2 negative expression (IHC score 1+or 0) were examined. A total of 109 patients with stomach cancer were included in the study. The level of positivity of Her2 expression, according to the recommendations of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, in 57 cases (52.3%) showed “no membrane reactivity, in 19 (17.4%) “+” weak membrane reactivity, in 21 (19.3%) “++” cases the reaction was “moderate or lateral membrane and only in 12 cases (11.0%) expression was “+++”, which means “complete basolateral and correlated with various clinical and pathological parameters in patients with gastric cancer: older age, male gender, low-grade tumor. However, we did not find any significant correlation between overexpression of HER2 and tumor localization, histopathological differentiation of the tumor, as well as with the stage of the disease according to TNM.
Machine learning algorithms for age prediction based on linear and non-linear parameters of electroencephalogram data
Authors: Sadibekov Dinmukhamed , Zhulduzbaev Ruslan , Merkibek Nurbek , Zholdassova Manzura , Kamzanova Altyngul , Datkhabayeva Gaukhar , Kustubayeva Almira
Published: April 2024

Gaining insights into cognitive and behavioral changes during childhood and adolescence requires a fundamental understanding of the developmental trajectory of the human brain. This research aimed to predict the age of children using linear and non-linear measures of baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) data. EEG is a method that records the electrical activity of the brain, providing valuable insights into its functioning. Participants were 182 children between 7 to 20 years old. Peak alpha and entropy were correlated with age. Various machine learning models were implemented, with Decision Trees yielding the best results. The Decision Trees model achieved strong correlation between predicted and actual age. The study demonstrated the stability of age prediction error over time, suggesting individual brain maturational levels. The findings highlight the potential of EEG data for accurate age prediction, providing insights into brain maturation patterns. This research contributes to tracking neurodevelopment and understanding brain function across age groups, including typically developing children.
Influence of different light intensities during the day on the motor activity in adolescents
Authors: Tyutenova Alima , Gumarova Lyazzat , Cajochen Christian , Kamalova Manshuk , Ashimov Yeskendyr
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the impact of varying light intensities throughout the day on motor activity levels in adolescent girls aged between 14-16, who are students at a boarding school. The study lasted for three weeks, with each week consisting of four days. During this period, participants experienced three different lighting conditions from 07:00 to 18:00. These conditions included: standard light intensity in real-life settings, wearing blue-blocking glasses, and spending at least 1.5 hours outdoors daily for natural light exposure. The aim was to understand how modern lighting sources can replace natural lighting and to assess the influence of the lighting spectrum on the daily rhythms of motor activity. Restriction of blue light led to an increase in the average daily level (MESOR) of the intensity of movements denoted by HPIM (High Proportional Integrative Measures), as well as a decrease in the amplitude of the circadian rhythm ZCM (Zero Crossing Mode). This confirms the important role of blue light during the daytime as a Zeitgeber of the circadian rhythm. When adolescents spent at least 1.5 hours outside, mostly in the afternoon, the acrophases of ZCM’s 24-hour rhythm shifted half an hour later.
The potential of the “Green microbiology” approach for facilitating the human capital in Kazakhstan’s chemical and petrochemical industry
Authors: Do Lana , Askarova Zifa , Srailova Gulziya , Ussenova Anel
Published: April 2024

Today, human capital is one of the main factors for the effective functioning of the modern economy. Human capital is the basis for developing any production branch, the basis on which all production is built. Therefore, analyzing human capital formation in the chemical and petrochemical industries is relevant today. The chemical and petrochemical industries are industries with high labor productivity. Analyzing human capital formation in these industries is necessary for further productivity growth and production efficiency. Therefore, the relevance of human capital formation in Kazakhstan’s petrochemical and chemical industries is increasing. The study aims to identify the problems in human capital formation in the chemical and petrochemical industries and provide the most effective approaches to solving these problems. The most innovative approach to forming human capital in the chemical and petrochemical industries is the “Green Microbiology” approach, which reduces the risks of diseases of workers in this industry.
Functional relationships of the cerebral cortex with subcortical structures in emotional stressful conditions
Authors: Jafarova Aygun , Mammadov Arif , Gaziyev Afiq , Eyvazova Shahla
Published: April 2024

Studying central mechanisms of stress, which is assuming more an emotional aspect, is among the topical problems of modern neurophysiology and medicine. Having created complex conditions of adaptive behavior, rapid scientific and technological growth has required processing a huge flow of different information related to biological functions and social activity of human beings. According to WHO experts, in 70% of all cases emotional stress leads to various diseases including hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, atherosclerosis, as well as development of neurotic conditions, psychiatric disorders and disruption of normal adaptation of humans to social conditions of life. Many researchers have studied EEG and peripheral signals separately, but little attention has been paid to the correlation between these indicators. To date, issues related to the central mechanisms of stress and their relationship with autonomic functions have not been fully studied. The EEG cross-correlation analysis we have chosen is more advanced because, unlike conventional EEG analysis, it provides detailed information about the connections between brain structures in spatio-temporal relationships.
The effectiveness of using context-based and project-based methods in inclusive biology teaching
Authors: Akhmetbekova Ayaulym , Zhumabek Aizhan , Askarova Zifa , Temirkhan Asylzhan , Kozhakhmetova Aizada
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the effectiveness of employing context-based and project-based methods in inclusive biology education, focusing on the outcomes of contextual learning tasks for eighth-grade students at M. Gandhi Specialized Lyceum No. 92. The research evaluates the performance of inclusive children on tasks related to the topic “Structure and hygiene of the organ of vision” taken from the biology textbook. Results indicate that the traditional textbook approach yielded low levels of task completion among inclusive children, suggesting that the content complexity posed challenges. Conversely, when presented with simplified, easily understandable texts, inclusive children demonstrated significantly higher proficiency levels in addressing the same topic. Additionally, the study extends its analysis to include the results of contextual teaching tasks for inclusive children from the eighth-grade class at School No. 15, where 20 students participated, including individuals with ADHD, mild autism, and isolation. Among these students, varying levels of performance were observed across tasks. Specifically, in the first task aligned with the textbook, five students scored low, eleven scored average, and four scored high. However, when presented with the second task featuring simplified text, performance improved, with one student scoring low, twelve scoring average, and seven scoring high. These findings underscore the potential benefits of utilizing context-based and project-based methodologies in inclusive biology education, particularly in enhancing comprehension and engagement among students with diverse learning needs.
Effect of short-term seed priming on germination of wild-growing plant Scorzonera tau-saghyz
Authors: Abzhami Zarina , Turasheva Svetlana , Tleubayeva Dayana , Boguspaev Kenzhe-Karim
Published: April 2024

This study examines the efficiency of vermicompost tea, an organic fertilizer, in improving the process of seed germination in rubber-producing plants of the species Scorzonera tau-saghyz. Seeds collected from three-year-old plants within the Karatau State Nature Reserve in Kazakhstan were treated with 5% and 10% vermicompost tea for 2 hours and 4 hours’ exposure. Germination progress was closely monitored over a four-week period, revealing a significant correlation between higher concentrations and exposure times with increased rates of seed germination. In particular, tau-saghyz’ seeds treated with a 10% solution of vermicompost for 4 hours showed 1.3 times higher percentage of germination compared to seed pre-treatment by 5% solution and 1.9 times greater than that of the control. These results provide valuable information on optimizing seed treatment protocols to improve the germination and growth of Scorzonera tau-saghyz seedlings, offering potential approaches for biodiversity conservation and sustainable agricultural practices.
Prototype of a watering autonomous mobile robot for mini greenhouse with manipulator and computer vision
Authors: Mansurova Madina , Belgibaev Baurzhan , Amanova Raikhan , Baigarayeva Zhanel
Published: April 2024

The development of a watering autonomous mobile robot capable of performing intellectual labor functions in place of humans is a pressing task in the fields of robotics and bioinformatics. These robots can be widely utilized in precision agriculture to conserve resources, particularly in the area of optimal plant irrigation. In the context of global urbanization, this study is dedicated to the development of a watering autonomous mobile robot for mini greenhouses. This robot is integrated with microelectronics and micro-automation systems. A prototype robot equipped with a manipulator and computer vision system was created. The developed irrigation schedule and planting methodology enable efficient resource utilization, increased crop yield, and reduced labor costs. Such an approach holds significant practical value for urban agriculture.
Relationship of soil salinatization in Apsheron with chlorophyll content
Authors: Mirjalalli Ilhama , Gaziyev Afig , Kurbanova Jeyran , Babayev Mirmohammed , Isgenderov Subahed
Published: April 2024

The effect of saline ions (Сl−, SO4−2, and CO3−2) on the accumulation of chlorophylls in the leaves of new decorative tree-shrub plants introduced on salted Apsheron soils, their degree of salinity resistance, and the dependence of chlorophyll content on the types of saline ions are studied. A direct correlative relationship was established between the type of salinization and the accumulation of green pigments. It was revealed that toxic ions of chloride, sulfate and carbonate entering the root system and through it into the leaves of the studied species have a negative effect on the structure of chloroplasts, promote hydrolysis of protein compounds, breakdown of the protein-chlorophyll bond, accumulation of intermediate products of amides, cadoverin, putrescine and ammonia. The latter lead to tissue and their death.
Analysis of immune status assessment results of pregnant and breastfeeding women permanently residing in rural districts
Authors: Nuraliev Nekkadam , Murotov Nurshod
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study was to determine the immune status of healthy, pathologically observed pregnant and lactating women living in rural areas. It was found that the trend and intensity of IgA , IgG , IgM , IgE changes in blood serum of pregnant and lactating women were practically the same. 1.27 times according to IL-1b , 1.40 times according to IL-4, 1.25 times according to IL-6, 1.31 times according to IL-10 were reliably higher in women with observed pathology compared to healthy pregnant women. Differences in the trend and intensity of changes among lactating women were similar to the parameters of pregnant women. S3S, lactoferrin and procalcitonin indicators in the blood serum of pregnant women and lactating women were recommended as differential diagnostic criteria for evaluating immune status and prognostic criteria for evaluating the end of pregnancy.
Isolation and selection of nodulating bacteria from the rhizosphere of legume (mash - Vigna radiata) and bean (Phaseolus lunatus) plants and to enhance specific properties through induced mutagenesis methods
Authors: Ultanbekova Guhiar , Mukhatayeva Karlygash , Mamytova Nurgul , Kanalbek Gulzat , Kazizmurat Meruyert
Published: April 2024

The aim of the research is to create a collection of PGPR properties of bacteria for legume plants, as well as to increase their growth—stimulating activity by methods of induced mutagenesis. In this article, studies have been conducted on the isolation of microorganisms from the rhizosphere of legumes. And also, to increase the PGPR growth-stimulating properties of rhizosphere microorganisms using methods of physical and chemical mutagenesis. A collection of active rhizosphere bacteria has been created from 4 strains of the genus Bacillus megaterium, Arthrobacter globiformis, Arthrobacter crystallopoietes and Bacillus spp. Dining the screening, bacteria with PGPR properties Bacillus megaterium, Arthrobacter globiformis, and Arthrobacter crystallopoietes were isolated, as these strains stimulated the growth of legume plants.
A new hyperspectral index of biological crust in remote sensing
Authors: Ma Xu , Luo Qun , Sun Hui , Du Ke
Published: April 2024

Biological crusts (BC) are an organic complex, composed of bacteria, cyanobacteria, diatoms, green algae, tiny fungi, ground jackets, and moss plants, as well as other related organisms. BC is distributed about 40% in arid areas, which is one of the important surface landscapes in the intertwined area between oasis and desert. The relationship between BC and drought is close, which can be used to monitor desertification and water resources in remote sensing. However, the current monitoring of BC uses a simple BC index composed of multi-spectrum to extract its area distribution in remote sensing, which makes it difficult to accurately detect its area. This study considers the characteristic bands in the hyper-spectrum cure and designs a hyperspectral index of BS, i.e., HBCI. The HBCI is used, and we successfully estimated the area of biological soil crusts (Kappa=0.86) in the PRISMA image. This finding has help for the regional climate change research.
The Kazakh University Common Bean Collection: The Introductory Trial of Snaps
Authors: Aytasheva Zaure , Zhumabayeva Beibitgul , Smekenov Izat , Lebedeva Lina , Chunetova Zhanar
Published: April 2024

The aim of the present investigation was to determine the introduction power of the three snap common bean cultivars from the UK in the mountainous zone of Almaty Region in 2023. The harvest-time, plant and leaf growth dynamics, the state of leaf trichomes together with the productivity of snaps at the technical maturity were identified. Cultivars “Amethyst” and “Seline” were shown to be the appropriate snap breeding donors for local bush bean lines due to their parameters of seed germination and plant leaf size together with their trichome parameters resembling those of domestic lines under the study.
Genetic variation analysis of the MC1R gene in sheep of Kazakh origin: A study on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
Authors: Karimov Nurlybek , Kenzhebekova Roza , Nizamdinova Gulnaz , Gritsenko Dilyara
Published: April 2024

This work focuses on the MC1R gene as a key genetic element influencing the variation in wool color in Kazakh sheep. Our research aims to pinpoint the specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) g.361G>A and g.218T>A inside this gene and examine their impact on pigmentation. This acknowledges the gene’s significant contribution in several sheep breeds worldwide. We detected the presence of these SNPs by partial genome sequencing and focused SNP analysis. We also examined their connection to coat color diversity, a trait that has important implications for breed aesthetics, consumer preferences, and adaptability to various settings. Our research significantly enhances the understanding of genetic diversity and evolutionary adaptation in sheep. Furthermore, it provides unique insights for breeding techniques that attempt to optimize the properties of wool color. This study’s findings emphasize the intricate interplay between genetics and environmental adaptation in Kazakh sheep. The global sheep genetic variety database is enhanced, contributing to sustainable agriculture and textile production methods.
Assessment of mutagenic potentials of water from the Kapshagai reservoir (Republic of Kazakhstan) utilising barley as a test organism
Authors: Kolumbayeva Saule , Lovinskaya Anna , Shalakhmetova Tamara
Published: April 2024

The intensification of human-induced pressures on the environment leads to significant disturbances in the integrity and stability of ecosystems. The presence of pollutants can mutate genetic material, thereby heightening the rate of genetic mutations within organisms due to environmental exposure. The accumulation of xenobiotics in essential habitats like soil and water underscores the necessity for continuous genetic monitoring of surface waters in daily contact with humans. This study analyses the mutagenic effects of water from the Kapshagai Reservoir and the Ile River at its confluence with the reservoir, a site of significant economic activity. Utilising cytogenetic analysis to examine chromosomal aberrations in Hordeum vulgare L., the study investigated the mutagenic and cytotoxic impacts of water samples gathered during the spring and summer of 2023. The results indicate that water from the Kapshagai Reservoir displayed mutagenic and cytotoxic activities, causing structural mutations in barley seeds at a rate markedly exceeding spontaneous mutation levels (p<0.01). Additionally, the appearance of polyploid cells, which were not present in the control group, reduced the proliferative activity of the barley root meristem cells. These findings underscore the detrimental effects of the examined water samples on genetic stability.
Nectar glands of Passiflora species growing in Absheron and relation with ants
Authors: Badalova Vusala , Mammadova Zumrud , Maharramov Saleh , Alibeyli Khayala
Published: April 2024

The species P. edulis, P. incarnata, P. ligularis and P. caerulea belonging to the genus Passiflora L. of the Passifloraceae family were introduced in the experimental area of the Dendrology Institute, and bioecological characteristics were studied and it was determined that each of the species has extrafloral nectar glands. The presence of sugar in the exudate of the nectar glands was determined by the ACCU-Chek device, as a result P. edulis, P. incarnata species were rich in sugary substances. At the same time, the morphological arrangement and location of the nectar glands were very similar in both species. At the same time, in Passiflora caerulea L. it is completely different in size, shape and location. Thus, these glands are located at the edges of the divided parts of the pentalobed leaves and are very small in size. In the species of P. ligularis L., the leaf petiole is shorter than in other species, replaced by 3-4 pairs of trichomes 8-10 mm long, and ants were not found in this species due to the absence of sugar, which attracts ants. As, they usually have a protective nature.Among the studied species, P. edulis and P. incarnata have the closest relationships with ants. This has a positive effect on the protection of plants from diseases and pests.
Ecological and landscape-forming role of saigas of the Ural population in modern conditions
Authors: Begilov Talgat , Grachev Yurii , Ydyrys Alibek , Yeszhanov Birlikbay
Published: April 2024

This article into the intricate biology and ecology of the Ural saiga (Saiga tatarica) population, offering a comprehensive update on its current status and dynamics. Drawing upon extensive field studies conducted at various key locations including lambing sites, and summer and winter habitats, the research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the evolving relationship between saiga and agriculture. One of the primary focuses lives in assessing the landscape-modifying impact of saiga within contemporary environments. By examining the role of saiga in shaping local ecosystems, the study sheds light on the intricate interplay between these magnificent animals and the agricultural activities that often encroach upon their habitats. A significant aspect addressed in this research is the conflict of interests arising between the burgeoning Ural saiga population and agricultural practices. This conflict tends to intensify during periods of population peaks, posing challenges for both conservation efforts and the agricultural development. To mitigate these conflicts and pave the way for sustainable coexistence, the study puts forward preliminary measures for resolution. These measures are designed to reconcile the divergent interests of saiga conservation and agricultural productivity. Furthermore, the research identifies potential pathways for integrating the growing saiga population harmoniously into modern agricultural landscapes. By exploring innovative approaches and collaborative strategies, the study seeks to foster a mutually beneficial relationship between saiga conservation and agricultural sustainability. Overall, this article serves as a vital resource for policymakers, conservationists, and stakeholders invested in the preservation of the Ural saiga population and the cultivation of sustainable agricultural practices in the region.
Assessment of carbon store by spruce plantations in forest ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Ivanov Alexander , Chyngozhoev Nurstan , Sariyeva Gulmira , Bekbolotova Nasgul , Ibrayeva Nasgul
Published: April 2024

High-altitude spruce forests of Kyrgyzstan are the main part of the forest system of Kyrgyz Republic. Due to the high ability of spruce for C (carbon) storage, the forests of Northern Kyrgyzstan (the Issyk-Kul and Naryn regions) accumulate a large amount of C in their bark and wood. The total С stock in the forests of three regions with the largest area covered by the Tien-Shan spruce (Issyk-Kul, Naryn and Chui) is about 1901415 t. Additionally to the C storage the high-altitude spruce forests can fix a large amount of C per year, for example, only in the Issyk-Kul region the forests with the total area of 142360 ha and annual growth rate of 868396 m3 absorb approximately 514872 t C/year. These values indicate that spruce forests in Kyrgyzstan play a major role in C uptake and should be protected and continuously recovered by plantation and introduction. Further analysis of storage ability, emission and fixation of CO2 by the forests ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan should be provided.
Pharmacognostic study of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, growing in Uzbekistan
Authors: Duschanova Guljan , Aripova Salimakhan , Sharipov Avez , Nazirova Yaira , Djalilova Nigina
Published: April 2024

In the article, the morpho-anatomical structure of the leaf and stem of Catharanthus roseus species distributed in the local conditions of Uzbekistan was studied, and it was determined that biologically active substances are found in the leaf mesophyll and bark parenchyma of the stem. The following diagnostic characters were determined: in the leaf – dorsiventral type of leaf mesophyll; thick-walled outer walls of the epidermis; amphistomatic leaves; not submerged stomata; chlorophyll-bearing palisade and spongy parenchyma; closed collateral type of conduction bundles; the presence of numerous idioblasts; in the stem there is a more lignified, non-tufted type of structure; libriform extensive; radial rays elongated and short; phloem is extensive, located between the crustal parenchyma and the libriform; the core is not wide, represented by large and small round-oval, thin-walled parenchyma cells containing hydrocyte cells and numerous laticifers. The content of moisture, ash, extractives extracted by heteropolar extractants was also studied, determined by pharmacopoeial methods to establish authenticity and prepare draft regulatory documentation for plant raw materials.
Age-related differences in the cytokine profile in the lungs of Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus
Authors: Fomin Gleb , Islamov Rinat
Published: April 2024

Cytokine profile and age play a significant role in COVID-19. A hyperinflammatory response caused by proinflammatory cytokines can lead to cytokine storm and tissue damage. And the levels of interferons, which play an essential role in antiviral immunity, decrease with age. In this regard, there is a need to study the age-related characteristics of COVID-19. Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are the primary model objects for studying the SARS-CoV-2 infectious process. Classic laboratory animals such as mice and rats are not infected by this virus. Current research aimed to examine and compare the cytokine profile in the lungs of young (5-month-old) and aging (18-month-old) individuals of Syrian hamsters infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The levels of cytokines were studied by ELISA: TNF-α, as the main proinflammatory cytokine; IL-6, as the predictor of severe COVID-19; INF-α and INF-γ, which are important components of antiviral immunity. The study showed that during COVID-19, the level of the proinflammatory marker TNF-α significantly increased in 5-month-old hamsters, while Il-6 increased in 18-month-old hamsters. Interferon levels were higher in young, healthy animals than in healthy, aging animals.
Current state of juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus)
Authors: Salauat Damys , Shalgimbayeva Saule , Omarova Zhanar , Jumakhanova Gaukhar , Zhanysbay Gulmaral
Published: April 2024

Fluctuations in water temperature in the Northern Caspian Sea, especially in the shallow zone, are mainly due to fluctuations in air temperature and during the trawling period, in the fall, the water temperature at observation stations showed a decrease in water temperature, which caused the formation of dense aggregations in juvenile roach. To study the nutritional status of juvenile fish living in the Kazakh part of the Caspian Sea, material was selected from different depths of the sea from trawl catches during comprehensive research in the fall of 2022. In the course of studies conducted to assess nutrition using quantitative and qualitative indicators, it was determined that the nutritional spectrum of juvenile roach in the water Caspian Sea is represented mainly by the same bottom organisms with a dominance of crustaceans, with their preference for bivalves, which give a good growth rate. A parasitological study of juvenile roach showed the absence of pathogen circulation in the ecosystem of this reservoir. Based on the results of pathomorphological studies of fish gills, it was found that fragmentary hyperplasia is caused by the presence of protozoal invasion rather than by the influence of environmental factors.
Preservation of ex-situ gene pool of rare medicinal plant species in Kazakhstan
Authors: Arysbaeva Raya , Karzhaubekova Zhanat , Ramazanova Madina , Grudzinskaya Ludmila , Shormakova Kamshat
Published: April 2024

The approved “List of Medicinal Plants” consists of 278 medicinal plants used in official or traditional medicine. At the same time, 65 species have been listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan. In the experimental medicinal plant collections located in the foothills of Zailiyskiy Alatau (in the Main Botanical Garden, Almaty), a total of 48 (74%) are indigenous medicinal herbs of Kazakhstan’s flora were grown over different years. A significant number of rare medicinal plant species of Kazakhstan (37 species), which is more than half of all tested ones, can be successfully grown. Eight of them are blooming and bearing fruit regularly and tree crops give real yields. Thirteen species of trees and shrubs have high adaptive abilities and were introduced at the expositions of the botanical garden. Sixteen species could bloom but not all of them produced seeds consistently. Introduction of 13 species are very difficult or unsuccessful, 17 species (26%) of the medicinal flora have not been tested in culture, mainly due to the known futility of cultivation in the open ground.