bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bovine rabies in Turkey: patterns of infection and implications for costs and control
Authors: VOS A. , ÜN H. , HAMPSON K. , DE BALOGH K. , AYLAN O. , FREULING C. M. , MÜLLER T. , FOOKS A. R. , JOHNSON N.
Published: November 2013

The incidence of rabies in livestock is an important factor for estimating the economic impact of the disease, but obtaining reliable data is hindered by inadequate surveillance. In order to understand the contribution of livestock rabies to the overall burden of disease, the rabies incidence in cattle was investigated in detail for Turkey between 2008 and 2011. Data were compiled on cattle numbers, samples submitted for rabies diagnosis, vaccinated animals and positive rabies cases in animals for seven regions in Turkey. Rabies incidence in cattle fluctuated annually and differed between regions from 0·10 to 3·87 cases/100 000 animals. The positive influence of compensation schemes was observed. Livestock losses were conservatively estimated at around $250 000 international dollars per annum, although in areas where compensation schemes are not operating this could be an underestimate of the economic burden. Vaccination of cattle remains an option for disease prevention, although oral rabies vaccination through aerially distributed baits should be implemented to prevent the further spread of fox-mediated rabies, which could result in much greater economic costs.
Ecology and distribution of the grey notothen,Lepidonotothen squamifrons, around South Georgia and Shag Rocks, Southern Ocean
Authors: Gregory Susan , Brown Judith , Belchier Mark
Published: November 2013

New information on the biology and ecology of an abundant ‘rockcod’ species,Lepidonotothen squamifrons(family: Nototheniidae), found at South Georgia is presented. Data collected from twenty demersal trawl surveys carried out at South Georgia and Shag Rocks (sub-Antarctic) from 1986–2012 were analysed to investigate distribution, size, maturity and diet. Distribution was patchy with large aggregations in consistent high-density ‘hotspots’ to the east of Shag Rocks and to the west of South Georgia. Fish density was shown to vary between regions of the shelf and between years but there was little evidence of significant changes in catch per unit effort (CPUE) over the duration of the study. Length at first maturity for males and females (37–38 cm, total length) was very similar to that described for the Indian Ocean population. Detailed stomach contents analysis (2005–12) indicated a varied diet dominated by salps/tunicates, but with ontogenetic and depth variations in prey composition.Lepidonotothen squamifronswas shown to be an opportunistic bentho-pelagic forager. Enhanced knowledge of the ecology ofL. squamifronswill be valuable in future research on food web modelling and marine spatial management in the Southern Ocean and to provide baseline data on the ecology of the species in a rapidly changing environment.
Arrhythmias in children with ventricular assist devices
Authors: Kyle W. Buck , Decker Jamie , Macicek Scott L. , Valdes Santiago O. , Morales David , Hong Borah , Price Jack F. , Dreyer William J. , Denfield Susan W. , Kim Jeffrey J.
Published: November 2013

Background: Children with decompensated heart failure are at high risk for arrhythmias, and ventricular assist device placement is becoming a more common treatment strategy. The impact of ventricular assist devices on arrhythmias and how arrhythmias affect the clinical course of this population are not well described. Methods and results: A single-centre retrospective analysis of children receiving a ventricular assist device between 1998 and 2011 was performed. In all, 45 patients received 56 ventricular assist devices. The median age at initial placement was 13 years (interquartile range 6–15). The median duration of support was 10 days (range 2–260). The aetiology of heart failure included cardiomyopathy, transplant rejection, myocarditis, and congenital heart disease. In all, 32 patients (71%) had an arrhythmia; 19 patients (42%) had an arrhythmia before ventricular assist device and eight patients (18%) developed new arrhythmias on ventricular assist device. Ventricular tachycardia was most common (25/32, 78%). There was no correlation between arrhythmia and risk of death or transplantation (p=0.14). Of the 15 patients who weaned from ventricular assist device, post-ventricular assist device arrhythmias occurred in nine (60%), with five (33%) having their first arrhythmia after weaning. Patients with ventricular dysfunction after ventricular assist device were more likely to have arrhythmias (p<0.02). Conclusions: Arrhythmias, especially ventricular, are common in children requiring ventricular assist device. They frequently persist for those able to wean from ventricular assist device.
Infant feeding patterns in families with a diabetes history – observations from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) birth cohort study
Authors: Hummel Sandra , Vehik Kendra , Uusitalo Ulla , McLeod Wendy , Aronsson Carin Andrén , Frank Nicole , Gesualdo Patricia , Yang Jimin , Norris Jill M , Virtanen Suvi M
Published: November 2013

Objective

To assess the association between diabetes family history and infant feeding patterns.

Design

Data on breast-feeding duration and age at first introduction of cow's milk and gluten-containing cereals were collected in 3-month intervals during the first 24 months of life.

Setting

Data from the multicentre TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study, including centres in the USA, Sweden, Finland and Germany.

Subjects

A total of 7026 children, including children with a mother with type 1 diabetes (T1D;n292), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM;n404) or without diabetes but with a father and/or sibling with T1D (n464) and children without diabetes family history (n5866).

Results

While exclusive breast-feeding ended earlier and cow's milk was introduced earlier in offspring of mothers with T1D and GDM, offspring of non-diabetic mothers but a father and/or sibling with T1D were exclusively breast-fed longer and introduced to cow's milk later compared with infants without diabetes family history. The association between maternal diabetes and shorter exclusive breast-feeding duration was attenuated after adjusting for clinical variables (delivery mode, gestational age, Apgar score and birth weight). Country-specific analyses revealed differences in these associations, with Sweden showing the strongest and Finland showing no association between maternal diabetes and breast-feeding duration.

Conclusions

Family history of diabetes is associated with infant feeding patterns; however, the associations clearly differ by country, indicating that cultural differences are important determinants of infant feeding behaviour. These findings need to be considered when developing strategies to improve feeding patterns in infants with a diabetes family history.
The institutional foundations of committee cohesion in a (changing) parliamentary democracy
Authors: Curini Luigi , Zucchini Francesco
Published: November 2013

The role played by legislative committees in parliamentary democracies is directly related to some of their properties. In particular cohesion, namely similarity of committee members’ preferences, is the most important non-institutional feature that influences committee working. This non-institutional aspect, on its turn, is directly affected by the institutional environment. In this paper we hypothesize that electoral rules, committee agenda setting power and MP’s level of knowledge of the committee policy domain influence the committee cohesiveness by affecting the utility that a MP derives from a purposeful choice of the legislative committee she belongs to. To test this proposition we focus on the last 30 years of Italian legislative activity using data from co-sponsorship to infer MPs’ preferences in a multidimensional policy space. During this period Italy has experienced drastic changes in its political system. These changeable circumstances give a strong comparative flavor to the present study. Statistical analysis at individual level confirms our hypotheses.
Winners and losers of globalization in Europe: attitudes and ideologies
Authors: Teney Céline , Lacewell Onawa Promise , De Wilde Pieter
Published: November 2013

Globalization pressures result in a new ideological conflict among Europeans. We use detailed items from the Eurobarometer survey on issues of immigration and European integration that measure the ideological perspective underpinning positions toward the EU. This provides a fine-grained analysis of the ideologies underlying the poles of the new globalization-centered conflict line, which we define as cosmopolitan and communitarian. Our results show that, next to socio-demographic characteristics, subjective measurements have a considerable additional power in explaining the divide among Europeans along the communitarian–cosmopolitan dimension. Subjective deprivation, evaluation of globalization as a threat, and (sub)national and supranational identities play an important role in dividing Europeans into groups of winners and losers of globalization in both Western and Central and Eastern European countries. At the country level, the national degree of globalization is associated positively with the communitarian pole and negatively with the cosmopolitan pole in all EU countries.
A novel one-pot three component synthesis of N-(phenylimino)indazole-1-carbothioamides
Authors: Safaei Shirin , Mohammadpoor-Baltork Iraj , Khosropour Ahmad Reza , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mirkhani Valiollah
Published: November 2013

An efficient novel method have been reported for the synthesis of N-(phenylimino)indazole-1-carbothioamides in the presence of [bpy][FeCl4] under solvent-free conditions.
Fast hydrogen release under moderate conditions from NaBH4 destabilized by fluorographite
Authors: Zhang Liuting , Xiao Xuezhang , Fan Xiulin , Li Shouquan , Ge Hongwei , Wang Qidong , Chen Lixin
Published: November 2013

The dehydrogenation performance of NaBH4 could be significantly improved by ball milling it with FGi.
Controlled synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles and nanospheres using a microwave assisted approach for their application in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Dar M. Ibrahim , Chandiran Aravind Kumar , Grätzel Michael , Nazeeruddin Mohammad K. , Shivashankar Srinivasrao A.
Published: November 2013

Here we report a ‘one-step’ synthetic approach to prepare both transparent (∼7 nm) and scattering particles (∼100–400 nm) of TiO2 from a single precursor for their application as a photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs).
Nanostructured flexible magneto-dielectrics for radio frequency applications
Authors: Vural Mert , Crowgey Benjamin , Kempel Leo C. , Kofinas Peter
Published: November 2013

Flexible magneto-dielectric composites with high permittivity, permeability and low loss are demonstrated and utilized to reduce the size radio frequency antennas.
Structural features and optical properties of a carbazole-containing ethene as a highly emissive organic solid
Authors: Liu Yang , Ye Xin , Liu Guangfeng , Lv Yun , Zhang Xiying , Chen Shuming , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Kwok Hoi Sing , Tao Xutang , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2013

The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics a carbazole-containing alkene enable its highly blue emissive crystal fibers exhibit optical waveguide effect.
Design of patch antenna on LTCC substrate with broadband and high gain at millimetre wave band
Authors: Kim D.Y. , Jun D.S. , Kang D.M. , Lim J.W.
Published: November 2013

A new antenna structure with broadband and high gain at the millimetre wave bands is presented. This antenna consists of a conventional patch fabricated on a thick low‐temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) substrate. By introducing an inner ground plane surrounding the main patch, the propagation of the surface wave is prevented, and antenna gain is increased. Furthermore, the bandwidth of this antenna becomes wider due to the coupling between the main patch resonator and the newly introduced dielectric resonator. The simulated results of the proposed antenna show a bandwidth and peak antenna gain at 60 GHz of 12 GHz and 9.4 dBi, respectively.
High‐voltage RESURF AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor with back electrode
Authors: Zhao Ziqi , Zhao Ziyu , Luo Qian , Du Jiangfeng
Published: November 2013

A novel reduced surface field (RESURF) AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with back electrode is proposed. The back electrode is electrically grounded and attached to the AlN nucleation layer after the substrate is removed. The back electrode, which attracts the electric field lines at the AlGaN/GaN interface by inducing negative charges, leads to a more uniform horizontal electric field along the channel and, hence, a significant improvement in breakdown voltage. Meanwhile, there is negligible negative impact on the ON‐state resistance. Numerical simulation demonstrates a breakdown voltage of 1701 V and an ON‐state resistance of 10.45 Ω mm with a gate–drain spacing of 6 μm for the proposed device, compared to a breakdown voltage of 1118 V and an ON‐state resistance of 10.34 Ω mm for conventional RESURF AlGaN/GaN HEMT.
Subpixel‐based image downsampling algorithm using content‐adaptive two‐dimensional FIR filters
Authors: Nam Yeon‐Oh , Song Byung Cheol
Published: November 2013

This study proposes a subpixel‐based image downsampling algorithm using content‐adaptive two‐dimensional (2D) finite impulse response (FIR) filters. The proposed algorithm consists of a learning stage and an inference stage. In the learning stage, using a sufficient number of low‐resolution (LR) and high‐resolution (HR) patch pairs, the authors compute optimal 2D FIR filters to synthesise LR patches of the highest quality from a specific HR patch and store the patch‐adaptive 2D FIR filters in a dictionary. In the inference stage, they explore candidates that best match to each HR input patch in the dictionary and synthesise LR patches by using their corresponding 2D FIR filters on a subpixel basis. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm produces higher‐quality LR images on a patch basis than existing methods and entails no blur and aliasing artefacts.
Omni‐gradient‐based total variation minimisation for sparse reconstruction of omni‐directional image
Authors: Lou Jingtao , Li Yongle , Liu Yu , Tan Shuren , Zhang Maojun
Published: November 2013

Total variation (TV) minimisation algorithms have been successfully applied in compressive sensing (CS) recovery for natural images owing to its advantage of preserving edges. However, traditional TV is no longer appropriate for omni‐directional image processing because of the distortions in catadioptric imaging systems. The omni‐gradient computing method combined with the characteristics of omni‐directional imaging is proposed in this study. To reconstruct the image from its compressive samples, the omni‐total variation (omni‐TV) regularisation based on omni‐gradient is utilised instead of traditional TV during the image restoration. The experimental results show that the omni‐directional images can be reconstructed effectively and accurately. Compared with the classical TV minimisation model, the images recovered based on omni‐TV model can provide higher quality both in subjective evaluation and objective evaluation.
Évaluation de la résistance à la corrosion des fils
orthodontiques par mesures électrochimiques et microscopie électronique à balayage
(MEB)
Authors: Zoghbi André EL , Klein Lorena , Frateur Isabelle
Published: November 2013

L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier la résistance à la corrosion des fils
orthodontiques constitués de différents alliages (acier inoxydable, alliage cobalt-chrome,
nickel-titane et β-titane) et pour un même alliage, provenant de différents fournisseurs
(GAC®, RMO®, 3M® et ORMCO®).
Différentes techniques électrochimiques (suivi du potentiel de corrosion en fonction du
temps d’immersion, courbes courant-potentiel, spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique
(SIE)) ont été utilisées. La résistance à la corrosion des fils a été estimée et a été
confrontée à leur état de surface, évalué par microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB).
En utilisant les données enregistrées, un classement suivant la résistance à la corrosion
des fils orthodontiques a été élaboré. La confrontation de ces données avec les résultats
MEB montre que la composition chimique de surface joue un rôle primordial dans le
comportement électrochimique des fils orthodontiques et, contrairement à l’état de surface
et aux défauts mécaniques d’usinage, elle est un paramètre déterminant pour la résistance
à la corrosion de l’alliage.
Du nouveau en céphalométrie
Authors: Philippe Julien
Published: November 2013

Nous avons récemment rappelé l’erreur de principe qui rend les analyses céphalométriques
conventionnelles impropres au diagnostic orthodontique [6]. Or trois méthodes d’analyse viennent de paraître, précisément conçues pour
ne pas comporter cette erreur. L’analyse céphalométrique parviendrait-elle à dire la
vérité ?
Utilisation combinée du Beneslider et d’appareils multi-bagues
linguaux, mécaniques et procédure clinique
Authors: Wilmes Benedict , Nienkemper Manuel , Mazaud-Schmelter Mathilde , Renger Stephane , Drescher Dieter
Published: November 2013

Depuis les dernières années, une tendance s’observe, lorsqu’il est nécessaire de distaler
les molaires supérieures, à utiliser de façon préférentielle des appareils uniquement
intra-oraux sollicitant le moins possible la coopération du patient. Malheureusement, la
plupart des appareils de distalisation molaire habituellement utilisés en cas d’absence de
coopération, engendrent des effets secondaires indésirables tels que la perte d’ancrage.
De façon à minimiser ou éviter cette perte d’ancrage, les mini-vis sont d’un grand intérêt
depuis quelques années; ceci par leur caractère faiblement invasif chirurgicalement et par
leur faible coût. En utilisant la région antérieure du palais comme site d’insertion, le
taux d’échec est extrêmement bas; il n’y a pas de risque d’atteinte radiculaire et les
appareils sont à distance des mouvements orthodontiques provoqués. Fondées sur une
documentation clinique explicite, les applications pratiques et rationnelles du Beneslider
associé à des attaches linguales sont présentées. Par cette procédure, les extractions à
l’arcade supérieure et les forces réactives à l’arcade mandibulaire entraînant une
vestibulo-version des incisives peuvent être évitées avec une thérapeutique utilisant un
appareil invisible.
Magnetoelastic studies of Nd0.75Dy0.25Fe3(BO3)4 in the external magnetic field: Magnetic phase transitions
Authors: Zvyagina G. A. , Zhekov K. R. , Bilych I. V. , Zvyagin A. A. , Gudim I. A. , Temerov V. L. , Eremin E. V.
Published: November 2013

We report on results of sound-velocity and sound-attenuation measurements in the Nd0.75Dy0.25Fe3(BO3)4 in external magnetic fields up to 5 T, applied along several directions with respect to crystallographic axes, and at temperatures down to 1.7 K. The experimental data are analyzed with a microscopic theory based on exchange-striction coupling and phenomenological theory resulting in a qualitative agreement between theoretical results and experimental data.
The condition for a large magnetoresistance effect in perovskite cobaltites
Authors: Troyanchuk I. O. , Bushinsky M. V. , Nikitin A. V. , Lobanovsky L. S. , Dobriansky V. M. , Eremenko V. V. , Sirenko V. A.
Published: November 2013

The magnetic and magnetotransport properties of the anion-deficient perovskites La1–xBaxCoO3–δ are studied. It is shown that a gradual transition from the metallic to the semiconductor conduction and from ferromagnetism to antiferromagnetism takes place when the oxygen content decreases. The magnetoresistance is maximal at low temperatures near the concentration limit of the magnetic phase transition. A large value of the magnetoresistance is explained by the magnetic-field induced transition to a more conductive ferromagnetic phase, which occurs simultaneously with the change of a spin state of cobalt ions.
Plasma-beam traps and radiofrequency quadrupole beam coolers
Authors: Maggiore M. , Cavenago M. , Comunian M. , Chirulotto F. , Galatà A. , De Lazzari M. , Porcellato A. M. , Roncolato C. , Stark S. , Caruso A. , Longhitano A. , Cavaliere F. , Maero G. , Paroli B. , Pozzoli R. , Romé M.
Published: November 2013

Two linear trap devices for particle beam manipulation (including emittance reduction, cooling, control of instabilities, dust dynamics, and non-neutral plasmas) are here presented, namely, a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) beam cooler and a compact Penning trap with a dust injector. Both beam dynamics studies by means of dedicated codes including the interaction of the ions with a buffer gas (up to 3 Pa pressure), and the electromagnetic design of the RFQ beam cooler are reported. The compact multipurpose Penning trap is aimed to the study of multispecies charged particle samples, primarily electron beams interacting with a background gas and/or a micrometric dust contaminant. Using a 0.9 T solenoid and an electrode stack where both static and RF electric fields can be applied, both beam transport and confinement operations will be available. The design of the apparatus is presented.
Resistive switching in silver/polystyrene/silver nano-gap devices
Authors: Mutiso Rose M. , Kikkawa James M. , Winey Karen I.
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we demonstrate reversible resistive switching in silver/polystyrene/silver nano-gap devices comprising Ag nano-strips separated by a nanoscale gap and encapsulated in polystyrene (PS). These devices show highly reversible switching behavior with high on-off ratios (>103) during cyclic switching tests over many cycles. We also observe evolution of the gap after extensive testing, which is consistent with metal filament formation as the switching mechanism in these Ag/PS/Ag nano-gap devices. The reversible electrical bistability demonstrated here was accomplished with an electrically inactive polymer, thereby extending the range of polymers suitable for organic digital memory applications.
A global ab initio potential energy surface for the X 2A′ ground state of the Si + OH → SiO + H reaction
Authors: Dayou Fabrice , Duflot Denis , Rivero-Santamaría Alejandro , Monnerville Maurice
Published: November 2013

We report the first global potential energy surface (PES) for the X 2A′ ground electronic state of the Si(3P) + OH(X2Π) → SiO(\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\rm X}^1\Sigma _g^+$\end{document}X1Σg+) + H(2S) reaction. The PES is based on a large number of ab initio energies obtained from multireference configuration interaction calculations plus Davidson correction (MRCI+Q) using basis sets of quadruple zeta quality. Corrections were applied to the ab initio energies in the reactant channel allowing a proper description of long-range interactions between Si(3P) and OH(X2Π). An analytical representation of the global PES has been developed by means of the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method. The reaction is found barrierless. Two minima, corresponding to the SiOH and HSiO isomers, and six saddle points, among which the isomerization transition state, have been characterized on the PES. The vibrational spectra of the SiOH/HSiO radicals have been computed from second-order perturbation theory and quantum dynamics methods. The structural, energetic, and spectroscopic properties of the two isomers are in good agreement with experimental data and previous high quality calculations.
Fragile to strong crossover at the Widom line in supercooled aqueous solutions of NaCl
Authors: Gallo P. , Corradini D. , Rovere M.
Published: November 2013

We study by molecular dynamics simulations the dynamical properties of an aqueous solution of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\rm NaCl$\end{document} NaCl at a concentration of 0.67 mol/kg upon supercooling. In a previous study of the same ionic solution, we have located the liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) and determined the Widom line connected to the liquid-liquid transition. We present here the results obtained from the study of the self-intermediate scattering function in a large range of temperatures and densities approaching the LLCP. The structural relaxation is in agreement with the mode coupling theory (MCT) in the region of mild supercooling. In the deeper supercooled region the α-relaxation time as function of temperature deviates from the MCT power law prediction showing a crossover from a fragile to a strong behavior. This crossover is found upon crossing the Widom line. The same trend was found in bulk water upon supercooling and it appears almost unchanged by the interaction with ions apart from a shift in the thermodynamic plane toward lower pressures and higher temperatures. These results show that the phenomenology of supercooled water transfers from bulk to solution where the study of the supercooled region is experimentally less difficult.
Development of series H− multicusp ion source at China Institute of Atomic Energy
Authors: TianJue Zhang , XianLu Jia , ZhenGuo Li , Yinlong Lu , JiuChang Qin , Xia Zheng , Hongjuan Yao , JunQing Zhong , GaoFeng Pan , Tao Ge , Fengping Guan
Published: November 2013

The development of H− multicusp ion sources has been carried out at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) for more than ten years. The first H− ion source with 5.2 mA was made in 2002. After improving the configured magnetic field, a H− ion source of 10 mA was made in 2004, and the beam intensity of 15 mA was obtained in 2008 after further improvements of the filter field. The beam intensity of 18 mA was achieved in 2010 following the in-depth study and optimization on some essential operation conditions. Now a series of H− cusp sources with different sizes and beam intensity ranging from 3 mA to 18 mA have been successfully developed at CIAE. All the ion sources can fast finish the test on the test stand now, since all the connections are modularized and can fit all kinds of H− mulitcusp source of CIAE. The development status of the various H− multicusp ion sources at CIAE are presented in the paper.
Actuation of atomic force microscopy microcantilevers using contact acoustic nonlinearities
Authors: Torello D. , Degertekin F. Levent
Published: November 2013

A new method of actuating atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers is proposed in which a high frequency (>5 MHz) wave modulated by a lower frequency (∼300 kHz) wave passes through a contact acoustic nonlinearity at the contact interface between the actuator and the cantilever chip. The nonlinearity converts the high frequency, modulated signal to a low frequency drive signal suitable for actuation of tapping-mode AFM probes. The higher harmonic content of this signal is filtered out mechanically by the cantilever transfer function, providing for clean output. A custom probe holder was designed and constructed using rapid prototyping technologies and off-the-shelf components and was interfaced with an Asylum Research MFP-3D AFM, which was then used to evaluate the performance characteristics with respect to standard hardware and linear actuation techniques. Using a carrier frequency of 14.19 MHz, it was observed that the cantilever output was cleaner with this actuation technique and added no significant noise to the system. This setup, without any optimization, was determined to have an actuation bandwidth on the order of 10 MHz, suitable for high speed imaging applications. Using this method, an image was taken that demonstrates the viability of the technique and is compared favorably to images taken with a standard AFM setup.
Fabrication of gold nanostructures through pulsed laser interference patterning
Authors: Yuan Dajun , Acharya Ranadip , Das Suman
Published: November 2013

In this Letter, we report on the experimental development and computational modeling of a simple, one-step method for the fabrication of diverse 2D and 3D periodic nanostructures derived from gold films on silicon substrates and over areas spanning 1 cm2. These nanostructures can be patterned on films of thickness ranging from 50 nm to 500 nm with pulsed interfering laser beams. A finite volume-based inhomogeneous multiphase model of the process shows reasonable agreement with the experimentally obtained topographies and provides insights on the flow physics including normal and radial expansion that results in peeling of film from the substrate.
Internal resonance in quartz crystal resonator and mass detection in nonlinear regime
Authors: Kirkendall Christopher R. , Howard Daniel J. , Kwon Jae W.
Published: November 2013

This paper introduces the use of nonlinear jump phenomena in the frequency response of a quartz crystal resonator for mass detection. In contrast to recent studies that exploit parametric excitation for mass detection, our device exhibits nonlinear behavior modeled by the directly forced Duffing equation. In addition, internal resonance due to modal coupling is demonstrated for sufficiently large forcing amplitudes. A system of coupled Duffing equations based on a Galerkin expansion of the von Kármán plate equations is used to model these higher order effects.
Nature of size-dependent lattice distortions in doped CeO2
Authors: Rakhmatullin R. M. , Aminov L. K. , Kurkin I. N. , Böttcher R. , Pöppl A. , Sen S.
Published: November 2013

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of Gd3+ probe ions is used to investigate the nature of size dependent lattice distortions in bulk and nanocrystalline CeO2 with crystallite sizes of 600 and 10 nm, respectively, and doped with 0.5 and 1 cation% Y. The Gd3+ ions in bulk CeO2 are primarily located in almost perfect cubic crystal field, and the presence of the nearest neighbor vacancies results in trigonal distortion of this crystal field. In contrast, for nanocrystalline ceria, although the long-range symmetry remains unchanged, decreasing size results in local distortion of the crystal-field that is significantly different than that induced by the presence of nearest-neighbor oxygen vacancies. Different types of distortions are observed for the cation sites in the core and the surface regions of the nanocrystallites. Such lattice distortions at short-range are fundamental to the nanocrystalline state, being related to the increased ratio of the surface:bulk energy at nanometer length scales and provides mechanistic understanding of previously reported lattice parameter changes and phase transitions in nanocrystalline oxides.
Molecular doping and gas sensing in Si nanowires: From charge injection to reduced dielectric mismatch
Authors: Amato Giampiero , Cultrera Alessandro , Boarino Luca , Lamberti Carlo , Bordiga Silvia , Mercuri Francesco , Cartoixà Xavier , Rurali Riccardo
Published: November 2013

We report experimental and theoretical evidence of the different mechanisms that lead to doping of Si nanowires upon molecular adsorption of two paradigmatic Lewis bases. Pyridine genuinely dopes the nanowires by injecting charge carriers. Ethanol, on the other hand, simply modifies the dielectric screening conditions, allowing the reactivation of preexisting electrically passive impurities, and thus cannot control neither the nature (n- vs p-type) nor the concentration of the carriers.
Parallel implementation of three-dimensional molecular dynamic simulation for laser-cluster interaction
Authors: Holkundkar Amol R.
Published: November 2013

The objective of this article is to report the parallel implementation of the 3D molecular dynamic simulation code for laser-cluster interactions. The benchmarking of the code has been done by comparing the simulation results with some of the experiments reported in the literature. Scaling laws for the computational time is established by varying the number of processor cores and number of macroparticles used. The capabilities of the code are highlighted by implementing various diagnostic tools. To study the dynamics of the laser-cluster interactions, the executable version of the code is available from the author.
Modulational instability of spin modified quantum magnetosonic waves in Fermi-Dirac-Pauli plasmas
Authors: Wang Yunliang , Lü Xiaoxia , Eliasson B.
Published: November 2013

A theoretical and numerical study of the modulational instability of large amplitude quantum magnetosonic waves (QMWs) in a relativistically degenerate plasma is presented. A modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived by using the reductive perturbation method. The modulational instability regions of the QMWs and the corresponding growth rates are significantly affected by the relativistic degeneracy parameter, the Pauli spin magnetization effects, and the equilibrium magnetic field. The dynamics and nonlinear saturation of the modulational instability of QMWs are investigated numerically. It is found that the increase of the relativistic degeneracy parameter can increase the growth rate of the instability, and the system is saturated nonlinearly by the formation of envelope solitary waves. The current investigation may have relevance to astrophysical magnetized compact objects, such as white dwarfs and pulsar magnetospheres.
Color-preserving daytime radiative cooling
Authors: Zhu Linxiao , Raman Aaswath , Fan Shanhui
Published: November 2013

We introduce a general approach to radiatively lower the temperature of a structure, while preserving its color under sunlight. The cooling effect persists in the presence of considerable convective and conductive heat exchange and for different solar absorptances.
Evaluation of fermented Alisma canaliculatum with probiotics as potential feed additives for finishing Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers
Authors: Mun H. S. , Ahmed S. T. , Hwang J. A. , Kim Y. J. , Yang C. J.
Published: November 2013

The present study was conducted to develop a functional feed additive, Alisma canaliculatum probiotic (ACP), for beef cattle, using the medicinal plant Alisma canaliculatum along with probiotic strains. A three-step fermentation process was developed for the manufacture of ACP. The effects of dietary ACP on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat composition and oxidative stability in Hanwoo steers were investigated. Twenty-four Hanwoo steers (average 592.91 ± 10 kg bodyweight) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: control (basal diet), ACP 0.5% (basal diet + 0.5% ACP) and ACP 1.0% (basal diet + 1.0% ACP). Overall, dietary ACP resulted in significant elevation of bodyweight gain and feed efficiency compared with the control (P < 0.01). No significant differences in carcass characteristics were found among the dietary treatments, although carcass quality grade was improved by the ACP 0.5% diet (P = 0.007). Moisture, crude ash and crude protein contents were unaffected; however, crude fat and cholesterol contents were lower in steers fed ACP 0.5% (P < 0.05). Whereas the calcium of Hanwoo beef was unaffected by the dietary treatments, iron and magnesium contents were elevated by the ACP 0.5% diet compared with the control or ACP 1.0% diet (P < 0.01). Further, the ACP 0.5% diet improved the meat fatty acid profile by reducing saturated fatty acid content, especially myristic acid (P ≤ 0.05), as well as by increasing unsaturated fatty acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content, especially α-linolenic acid (P < 0.10). The ACP diet was found to have positive effects on unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid and n-6/n-3 ratios (P ≤ 0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values of the control group were higher compared with either of the ACP diet groups (P < 0.001). Overall, these data indicate that dietary ACP conferred beneficial effects on the growth performance, fatty acid profile, meat composition and oxidative stability in Hanwoo steers. Therefore, ACP may be used as a feed additive for beef cattle.
Sydnone Photochemistry: Direct Observation of Earl's Bicyclic Lactone Valence Isomers (Oxadiazabicyclo[2.1.0]pentanones), Formation of Carbodiimides, Reaction Mechanism, and Photochromism
Authors: Veedu Rakesh N. , Kvaskoff David , Wentrup Curt
Published: November 2013

The matrix photolyses of 3-phenyl-, 3-pyridyl, and 3,4-diphenylsydnones 16, 19, and 22 were investigated by matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopy. The formation of the neutral, bicyclic lactone valence isomers postulated by Earl – the oxadiazabicyclo[2.1.0]pentanones exo-17 and exo-20 – was clearly observed in the first two cases and is also likely in the case of exo-23 (C=O absorptions in the IR at 1881, 1886, and 1874 cm–1, respectively). The efficient photodecomposition of sydnones to carbodiimides RN=C=NR′ (18, 21, and 24) and CO2 was established in all three cases. The formation of benzonitrile 27 and azacycloheptatetraene 29 in the matrix photolysis of diphenylsydnone 22 is indicative of diphenylnitrile imine PhCNNPh 26 as an intermediate (2340 cm–1). Neither bicyclic lactones nor carbodiimides have been observed previously in sydnone photochemistry. A general reaction mechanism for the formation of carbodiimides, nitrile imines, and photochromism is put forward.
Effects of Rht dwarfing alleles on wheat seed vigour after controlled deterioration
Authors: Nagel Manuela , Behrens Anne-Kathrin , Börner Andreas
Published: November 2013

Reduced height (Rht) alleles, commonly known as the ‘Green Revolution’ genes, have facilitated wheat breeding programs and achieved globally a more than 10% wheat yield increase. However, studies in barley indicate that shorter plant habits are associated with reduced seed vigour and longevity. Therefore, wheat seeds of six near-isogenic lines (NIL) carrying the dwarfing alleles Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1c, Rht-B1b+-D1b, Rht-B1c+-D1b and the wild-type allele Rht-B1a+-D1a, each in four background cultivars, were stressed by controlled deterioration. Seed vigour expressed as root and shoot lengths, time to 50% (T50) and time between 16 and 84% (T16-84) germination showed significant changes after treatment. However, after controlled deterioration only a combination of Rht alleles highly affected T16-84 and T50, which followed the general pattern Rht-B1c+-D1b followed by > Rht-B1c > Rht-B1b+-D1b > Rht-B1b > Rht D1b = Rht-B1a+-D1a (wild type). Interestingly, only under control conditions seed vigour correlated positively with thousand-kernel weight, which decreased with severity of Rht type. Further, the seed length was not affected by the different NIL. In conclusion, NIL carrying combinations of Rht alleles tend to influence seed vigour, which could influence seed longevity. Therefore, plant breeders but especially genebank managers should consider that the genetic background of genotypes may affect seed deterioration processes, which could be an economically important aspect in future.
Overcoming the barriers of combining early flowering and anthracnose resistance in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) for the Northern Agricultural Region of Western Australia
Authors: Adhikari Kedar Nath , Thomas Geoff , Diepeveen Dean , Trethowan Richard
Published: November 2013

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an important grain legume crop in Australia. The anthracnose incursion in the mid-1990s wiped out the white lupin industry in Western Australia (WA). Since then, incorporation of anthracnose resistance has been a major focus in white lupin breeding. After a series of experiments and targeted breeding in WA, high-yielding anthracnose-resistant genotypes were developed. One of these lines, Amira, was released in 2012 as a replacement for the then-benchmark variety Andromeda. Amira is high-yielding and early-maturing and it has substantially improved resistance to anthracnose compared with Andromeda. Its yield and grain quality are similar to Kiev Mutant and it will be suitable for growing in parts of the Northern Agricultural Region of WA where anthracnose risk is moderate to low. With the adoption of this new variety, reliable production of white lupin can recommence in WA. The growing season in WA is characterised by terminal drought, and early flowering is as important as anthracnose resistance. However, combining these traits was difficult and their combination was not achieved at a desired level in earlier work. The incorporation of the early-flowering trait from a different genetic source from France demonstrated that it is possible to combine these traits at an appropriate level. There was no genetic linkage between the two traits, and consequently, new genotypes with earlier phenology and higher levels of resistance than Amira were developed. The combination of early flowering and anthracnose resistance represents a breakthrough that will significantly improve the adaptation and profitability of white lupin production in WA.
Remote life-detection criteria, habitable zone boundaries, and the frequency of Earth-like planets around M and late K stars
Authors: Kasting James F. , Kopparapu Ravikumar , Ramirez Ramses M. , Harman Chester E.
Published: November 2013

Significance

National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Kepler Space Telescope has detected over 3,000 planet candidates, about a dozen of which are probably rocky planets within the liquid-water habitable zones of their parent stars. Climate-modeling calculations discussed here shed light on the width of that zone. Within the next several years, NASA may obtain spectra of nearby transiting Earth-sized planets around M stars, using its James Webb Space Telescope. NASA hopes to build an even more capable space telescope to perform direct imaging of Earth-like exoplanets and take spectra of their atmospheres. Once data are obtained from either of these missions, correct interpretation of possible biomarker gases will become critical. We discuss here how those interpretations might be made.
T-type channel blockade impairs long-term potentiation at the parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapse and cerebellar learning
Authors: Ly Romain , Bouvier Guy , Schonewille Martijn , Arabo Arnaud , Rondi-Reig Laure , Léna Clément , Casado Mariano , De Zeeuw Chris I. , Feltz Anne
Published: November 2013

Significance

T-type calcium channels are present in the spines of a number of principal neurons. In absence of specific antagonists, their function has been difficult to elucidate. At the cerebellar synapse between parallel fiber (PF) and Purkinje cell (PC), postsynaptic Ca
2+
signaling is not the result of ionotropic glutamatergic receptor activation, while T-type Ca
V
3.1 channels are abundantly expressed in PCs. We show that they are required for long-term potentiation but not for long-term depression at PF–PC synapses. Because plasticity at this site has long been proposed to be important for cerebellar forms of motor learning, we have checked the behavioral incidence of acute or chronic blockade of T-type channels. In this condition, we show impairment of demanding cerebellar motor learning tasks.
The transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α is dispensable for chronic overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy and metabolic remodeling
Authors: Pérez-Schindler Joaquín , Summermatter Serge , Santos Gesa , Zorzato Francesco , Handschin Christoph
Published: November 2013

Significance

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is mainly induced by growth hormones and mechanical overload and exerts health beneficial effects. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) are key regulators of skeletal muscle mass and energy metabolism, respectively. Thus, acting in concert, mTORC1 and PGC-1α interplay is thought to regulate skeletal muscle function. Our results indicate that PGC-1α is not required for skeletal muscle hypertrophy and a slow-contractile phenotype induced by chronic overload of the plantaris muscle. In fact, PGC-1α gene expression and global energy metabolism were repressed in this experimental context of muscle hypertrophy. Hence, these results exclude PGC-1α as the main regulator of skeletal muscle remodeling after chronic overload.
Cognition, mood, and physiological concentrations of sex hormones in the early and late postmenopause
Authors: Henderson Victor W. , St. John Jan A. , Hodis Howard N. , McCleary Carol A. , Stanczyk Frank Z. , Karim Roksana , Shoupe Donna , Kono Naoko , Dustin Laurie , Allayee Hooman , Mack Wendy J.
Published: November 2013

Significance

Hormone variations after menopause may influence brain processes concerned with cognition and mood. Effects may differ for exposures near menopause compared with much later. We addressed this prediction using serum concentrations of endogenous estradiol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone in 643 healthy women not using hormone therapy (early group, <6 y after menopause; late group, 10+ y). In combined analyses, hormone levels were unrelated to verbal memory, executive functions, global cognition, or mood. For serum estradiol (our primary focus), the relation did not differ between postmenopause groups. In early group women, progesterone levels were associated with better memory and global cognition; this finding merits additional study. Results help clarify cognitive effects of physiological concentrations of sex steroids after menopause.
Oxytocin enhances brain reward system responses in men viewing the face of their female partner
Authors: Scheele Dirk , Wille Andrea , Kendrick Keith M. , Stoffel-Wagner Birgit , Becker Benjamin , Güntürkün Onur , Maier Wolfgang , Hurlemann René
Published: November 2013

Significance

Sexual monogamy is potentially costly for males, and few mammalian species along with humans exhibit it. The hypothalamic peptide oxytocin (OXT) has been implicated in mediating pair bonds in various species, but as yet, we know little about neurobiological factors that might act to promote fidelity, especially in men. Here we provide evidence for a mechanism by which OXT may contribute to romantic bonds in men by enhancing their partner's attractiveness and reward value compared with other women.
Targeting Wnt-driven cancer through the inhibition of Porcupine by LGK974
Authors: Liu Jun , Pan Shifeng , Hsieh Mindy H. , Ng Nicholas , Sun Fangxian , Wang Tao , Kasibhatla Shailaja , Schuller Alwin G. , Li Allen G. , Cheng Dai , Li Jie , Tompkins Celin , Pferdekamper AnneMarie , Steffy Auzon , Cheng Jane , Kowal Colleen , Phung Van , Guo Guirong , Wang Yan , Graham Martin P. , Flynn Shannon , Brenner J. Chad , Li Chun , Villarroel M. Cristina , Schultz Peter G. , Wu Xu , McNamara Peter , Sellers William R. , Petruzzelli Lilli , Boral Anthony L. , Seidel H. Martin , McLaughlin Margaret E. , Che Jianwei , Carey Thomas E. , Vanasse Gary , Harris Jennifer L.
Published: November 2013

Significance

Targeting the Wnt pathway in cancer is an attractive therapeutic approach. However, success has been limited because of the lack of effective therapeutic agents and the lack of biomarkers to define the patient population that would benefit from such a therapy. Herein, we report the discovery of LGK974, a drug that targets Porcupine, a Wnt-specific acyltransferase. We show that LGK974 potently inhibits Wnt signaling, has strong efficacy in rodent tumor models, and is well-tolerated. We also show that head and neck cancer cell lines with loss-of-function mutations in the Notch signaling pathway have a high response rate to LGK974. Together, these findings provide a strategy and tools for targeting Wnt-driven cancer.
Quantification of OH and HO
2
radicals during the low-temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons by Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion technique
Authors: Blocquet Marion , Schoemaecker Coralie , Amedro Damien , Herbinet Olivier , Battin-Leclerc Frédérique , Fittschen Christa
Published: November 2013

Significance

The design of internal combustion engines relies on a good understanding of the kinetic mechanism of the autoignition of hydrocarbons. •OH and •HO
2
radicals are known to be the key species governing all stages of the development of ignition. A direct measurement of these radicals under low-temperature oxidation conditions has been achieved by coupling the fluorescence assay by gas expansion technique, an experimental technique designed for the quantification of these radicals in the free atmosphere, to a jet-stirred reactor, an experimental device designed for the study of low-temperature combustion chemistry.