bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Customer Retention Strategy Through Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: The Study on Traveloka Loyalty Program
Authors: Komalasari Fiona Poetri , Budiman Surya Fajar
Published: January 2021

Customer loyalty and customer retention is very closely related, customer loyalty stopped customer churn and strengthen the customer retention. The primary aim of retention strategy is to build a strong customer base and to prevent them from drifting towards other competitor. Traveloka as a travel supplier company, is the leading online travel agent in Indonesia. The customers satisfaction has an average score of 3,91. The result signify that Traveloka is successful in obtaining its customers’ satisfaction The customer loyalty has an average score of 4,04. Traveloka has managed to reach customer loyalty Traveloka customer satisfaction and loyalty are obtained as presented through chapter IV that the average is 3,97. In this research, Traveloka customer retention strategy using loyalty program is proven to be effective.
Profiling Local Business Enterprises and Direct Effect of Tourism in Villages of Muntei, Madobag and Matotonan, South Siberut, Mentawai, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmanita Myrza , Asmaniati Fetty , Dewi Triana Rosalina
Published: January 2021

Mentawai is well known as an ecotourism area in Indonesia, with its Siberut National Park recognized as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. People come to visit this exotic area every year to do activities and enjoying the natural surroundings. Tourist visits to Mentawai were escalating by years, both domestic and foreign tourists. Regional income from tourism was also increasing. Ecotourism is known worldwide for its benefit for economic contribution to local communities and poverty alleviation. The economic contribution of ecotourism is often appreciated through its direct effect on local business enterprises on sites. However, statistics today showed that Mentawai are still categorized as underdeveloped and poor. Therefore, this descriptive research objective was to assess tourism contribution by means of direct effect to local business enterprises and challenges faced by villages near Siberut National Park, South Siberut, Mentawai. A survey was conducted in November 2018 by distributing questionnaires to 19 representatives of tourism-related Local Business Enterprises (LBEs) using an accidental sampling technique. Data collected were then processed, analyzed and interpreted. In conclusion, this study shows that there is a low direct effect of tourism to the existing Local Business Enterprise in the villages of Muntei, Madobag, and Matotonan of South Siberut, Mentawai Island Regency, West Sumatera, Indonesia. In addition, essential challenges exist, not to mention managerial, predominantly concerning financial and legal matters. It is recommended that local government and other stakeholders put more consideration not only on environmental and social aspects, but also economy, represented by local business enterprises. Initiatives and integrated actions should be arranged and put in practice as empowering tourism, particularly ecotourism to its optimum, to bring about foremost contribution to local economy through direct effect of tourism to local business enterprises.

Keywords:     Tourism contribution, Direct effect of tourism, Local Business Enterprise, Ecotourism, Mentawai
Interactive Food Safety Education for the Students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Baghrul Maghfiroh Malang
Authors: Mardiyani Siti Asmaniyah , Susilowati Dwi
Published: January 2021

Kurangnya kepedulian terhadap makanan yang dikonsumsi anak-anak kita akan mengakibatkan ancaman bagi kesehatan masyarakat, kecerdasan generasi muda, yang selanjutnya akan menurunkan daya saing bangsa. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan kognitif dan afektif siswa madrasah dalam memilikh makanan sehat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dengan pendampingan guru di sekolah dan orang tua di rumah. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui observasi menggunakan kuesioner dengan pendamping. Dari hasil observasi diketahui bahwa Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Baghrul Maghfiroh Malang yang pada umumnya berasal dari keluarga kelompok ekonomi menengah ke bawah memiliki sikap dan perilaku yang baik dalam mengkonsumsi makanan sehat, namun pengetahuan keamaman pangan pada para siswa tersebut perlu ditingkatkan melalui pendampingan oleh para guru dan orang tua. Penjelasan mengenai makan sehat yang merupakan matei modul interaktif yang berjudul makanan sehat dalam hidupku dalam kegiatan penyuluhan dan pendampingan kepada para siswa diterima dengan gembira dan antusias oleh para peserta dan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka tentang pentingnya pangan yang aman dan sehat bagi kehidupan.Lack of concern for the food consumed by our children will cause a threat to public health, the intelligence of the younger generation, which will further reduce the nation's competitiveness. This activity aims to improve the cognitive and affective skills of madrasa students in having healthy food in their daily lives with the assistance of teachers at school and parents at home. From this activity, we hoped that the target students would have knowledge and skills about the importance of food safety in family life. Respondent data collection was carried out through observation using questionnaires. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Baghrul Maghfiroh Malang students who generally come from middle to lower economic group families have good attitudes and behaviors in consuming healthy food. Still, these students' food safety knowledge needs to be increased through mentoring by teachers and parents. Explanation about healthy eating, using an interactive module designed in this activity, was received with enthusiasm. It also increased their knowledge about the importance of safe and healthy food for life.
The Performance of Broiler Chickens with The Addition of Dayak Onion Extract in Drinking Water
Authors: Zakiyatulyaqin Zakiyatulyaqin , Setiawan Duta , Purnomosidi Marjoko
Published: January 2021

This research was conducted to study the ability of Dayak onion extract added to drinking water on the performance of body weight gain, feed consumption, and water consumption of broiler chickens. The experiment used 80 DOC broiler aged 4 days from strain Abror Acres CP 707, using complete randomized design (RAL) with 5 treatments and 4 replicated of 0 gr, 5 gr, 10 gr, 15 gr and 20 gr Dayak onion extract per day. Feed and drinking water were given on ad libitum. Data were analyzed by using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and significant effect was tested with Duncan's New Multiple Rang Test. The results of this study showed that giving Dayak onion extract with level of 0 gr, 5 gr, 10 gr, 15 gr and 20 gr in broiler chickens provided no significant difference (p>0,5) on body weight gain, feed consumption, and water consumption. The conclusion of this research is giving the level of Dayak onion extract on the drinking water does not significantly (P>0,05) affect the body weight gain, feed consumption, and water consumption of broiler chicken.
BUILDING AWARENESS OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY IN WIYUREJO VILLAGE, PUJON DISTRICT, MALANG REGENCY
Authors: Hidayah Noer , Mudrikah Lulu'atul
Published: January 2021

Education is the process of preparing the future of students in achieving life goals to have better quality. Education itself has an important role in human life. As Islamic as a religion that is rahmatan lil 'alamin gives serious attention to the development of education for human survival. The importance of Islamic education makes the author interested in finding solutions to build public awareness of the importance of Islamic education. Here the community is classified as minimally educated; many children do not continue their education, which in turn creates social disparities in their lives. Researchers use a phenomenological method, which is from phenomenology. Wherefrom the existing phenomena the writer tries to find out the reasons, causes, and preventive actions that must be taken in the future. From the study, it was found that 14 out of 19 children aged 14-17 did not attend school. 22 out of 22 children aged 7-12 are attending school and 6 out of 6 children aged 12-14 are attending school. The reasons for not going to school are 1) children are not interested in learning, 2) economic factors, 3) wrong associations. Preventive actions that must be taken are modeling and da'wah.
ELECTABILITY OF ONLINE LEARNING IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PARENTS AT MI PLUS AL-MAHMUD DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Hunaida Wiwin Luqna , Izmiyah Mihmidati
Published: January 2021

This research was conducted to know parents’ responses to online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, which was implemented at MI Plus Al Mahmud Bacem following the decision of the minister of education and culture. This research uses descriptive quantitative research. Data collection using a questionnaire instrument, with a sample size of 91 parents of first-class and second class. Based on the questionnaire, 95.6 % of online learning made parents have more time with their children. 85.7 % of online learning made parents more compact with children. 100 % of online learning makes parents get to know their children's attitudes and character better. 45.1 % of online learning does not bother parents, and 49.5% of online learning does not make parents spend more to buy internet quota. While 49.5 % of online learning does not require parent's time, then 49.5 % of online learning does not make people's activities parents are disturbed. Furthermore, 47.3% of online learning does not make it difficult for children to understand learning material, and 40% of online learning does not make children bored quickly. As for 29.7%, online learning makes children more enthusiastic about learning, whilst 22.2% online learning makes children's interest even higher, and 41.1% of online learning with video media makes it easier to understand the lessons children. Then another, 76.9 % of learning online makes the child's learning hour has become flexible. 69.2% of online learning make children are spending more time in playing gadget with friends, 79.1% of online learning makes parents more creative in assisting children to learn.
The Effect of Using Amyl Alcohol in a Diesel Engine on Performance and Emission Parameters
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Süleyman , USLU Samet
Published: January 2021

In this study, experimental tests were carried out to improve the performance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine as amyl alcohol (pentanol), which is in the heavy alcohol class, obtained from the residual waste from etha-nol, which is produced as a by-product during sugar production from sugar beet. Tests were performed on naturally aspirated, air-cooled, four-stroke, single cyl-inder, direct injection, 6LD 400 Antor diesel engine at full load and engine speeds of 1400, 1700, 2000, 2300, 2600, 2900 and 3200 rpm. Pure diesel and fuel mixtures containing 5%, 10% and 20% amyl alcohol were used in the exper-iments. As a result of the experiments, while the power and torque values de-creased, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) value increased as the ratio of amyl alcohol in the mixture increased compared to diesel fuel. In addition, the increase in amyl alcohol ratio in the mixture decreased hydrocarbon (HC), car-bon monoxide (CO), and smoke emissions, while increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. With 20% amyl alcohol ratio, an in-crease of 30.324% in BSFC value and a decrease of 13.745% and 10.258% in power and torque values were found as the average of all speeds, respectively. When evaluated in terms of emissions, with 20% amyl alcohol ratio, an average reduction of 44.565%, 42.832% and 27.330% was achieved in HC, CO, and smoke emissions, respectively, while NOx and CO2 emissions in-creased by 15.520% and 54.934%, respectively.
BOHDAN LEPKY`S LITERARY CRITICISM IN “SLOVANSKÝ PŘEHLED” JOURNALLITERARY CRITICISM IN “SLOVANSKÝ PŘEHLED” JOURNAL
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, BUDNYI Vasyl
Published: January 2021

Abstract Background: A famous literary critic and writer, representative of the “Moloda Muza” group, B. Lepky was published in numerous Ukrainian and foreign journals in the early twentieth century. Today, his cooperation with Polish and German editions has been partially explored, but the Czech direction remains almost unclear. There are only individual references to B. Lepky's cultural publications in the “Slovanský přehled” journal in the works of V. Doroshenko, V. Lev, B. Rubchak. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the interpretative bases of B. Lepky's publications in “Slovanský přehled”, namely, five annual reviews of Ukrainian literature (1901, 1902, 1903, 1905, 1906) and three cultural pieces of knowledge: about the composer M. Lysenko, about the translation of short stories by M. Kotsiubynsky into Polish, and the scientific works of M. Hrushevsky, B. Barvinsky and V. Shchurat. Results: B. Lepky followed I. Franko in editing “Slovanský přehled” journal. I. Franko prepared the ground for the Czechs to familiarize them with Ukrainian literature. In a series of annual reviews, B. Lepky considered Ukrainian literature in the pan-European context, translating the realities of national culture into the language of universal cultural concepts. Not contradicting realism and modernism, the critic appraised the high artistic value of the works by Lesya Ukrainka, V. Stefanyk, M. Kotsyubynsky, O. Kobylyanska, which were marked by modern stylistic trends. Trying to convey the original content to the foreign reader, B. Lepky approached his critical speech to the poetic one, painting it with impressionistic strokes and symbolic imagery. The author concluded that the importance of B. Lepky’s Czech publications was important for understanding the ways in which Ukrainian writing was modernized and contextualized in Slavic and pan-European culture in the early twentieth century. Key words: Modernism period, literary process, critical writing, literary review, review, contextualization, impressionism, symbolism.
LITERARY RECEPTION OF FLORIAN CHARNYSHEVYCH’S CREATIVITY
Authors:   Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, YANISHEVSKYY Oleksandr
Published: January 2021

Background. The Argentine polonium was formed by several waves of migrants from different, albeit neighboring, historical eras: the end of the nineteenth and first quarters of the twentieth century. and before World War II – after it. The society was diversified both personally and by class, so, of course, there were various social associations, members of which sometimes became prominent activists, writers, local politicians. Purpose. The flagship of Polish literary life in Argentina in the mid-twentieth century. we can rightly consider Florian Chernyshevich (1900–1964). He is primarily known as the author of an epic work about the dramatic fate of residents of Polish villages in the Berezina and Dnipro rivers in the period 1911–1920 – the novel “Priberezyntsi”. MK Pavlikovsky and Ch. Milos – well-known writers – described it as the "War and Peace" of the Polish Cres and 577 pages of large-format drugs. According to them, it is one of the most important and best Polish works. On this basis, Florian Chernyshevich should be considered in the context of a single Polish word-cultural process. After all, the vision of the world, certain historical events, artistic and aesthetic analysis of the latter, represented by a national-linguistic polyphony in the environment of constant aggressive influence on it by a foreign ethnic linguistic environment with necessity is objectified through the individualism of a particular individual or through the collective conscious. Results. In his public and writing activities, F. Chernyshevich implicated related, at first glance, unrelated realities of the surrounding reality. All of his actions were determined primarily by his own national consciousness, which was inevitably influenced by factors such as isolation from his homeland, unfriendly local environment, and disconnection in the environment of the Polish community itself. Moreover, his activity was peculiar: it was not some narrowly specific matter, the purpose of which was to do something tangible, which lies in the paradigm of personal hedonistic discourse, or even immaterial, but, again, dictated by a deep egocentric principle, but rather an immanent engagement. social polonical work in the above conditions, to which must be added the constant implicit surveillance of the ubiquitous red Moscow. Public work also included current literary and journalistic activities on the pages of Głos Polski magazine, which was published in Buenos Aires. Finally, Florian Chernyshevich drew attention to the diasporic critics living in Argentina at the time, Witold Gombrowicz and Jozef Radzyminska Key words: literature, polonium, epic, juxtaposition, narration, creativity, discourse, biography, information.
"Digital Health Earth": towards a global healthcare management geolocating human health condition by means of space technology
Authors: Del Mastro Antonio , Federico Monaco , Eremchenko Evgeniy , Nelson Binti
Published: January 2021

Healthcare providers such as the World Health Organization, transnational and global health initiatives, the national healthcare systems, down to the smallest villages and individual practitioners and professionals could benefit from geo referential data and metadata and 3D digital assets provided by space technology. Health prevention and literacy programs, mortality and morbidity rates, including contextual statistical data about populations and territories are being already produced and accessible. The hypothetical frame of a Digital Health Earth hereto presented could be performed as the interoperability of 3D representations of sectors of territories and geolocalized layers about health and environment. SDG Goals crossed with WHO programs and available data can become the premises for the design and development of a global representation of healthcare situations, highlighting priorities and disseminating data by intuitive and interactive modes of visualization as it is already happening with 2D dashboards about COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare practitioners, professionals, health managers, but also patients, proxy, social workers, laypeople, stakeholders and media could benefit from visualizing and comparing Digital Earth health data. Concerns about privacy, digital divide and social exclusion from primary care services and how quality of lives might occur are considered here. As a consequence of Space Technology, especially for its connection with the Satellite industry, Digital Health Earth, will contribute to the development of a new added value economic branch inside the increasing market of the Space Economy Revolution.
Evidence for a connection between COVID-19 and exposure to radiofrequency radiation from wireless communications including 5G
Authors: Rubik Beverly , Brown Robert R.
Published: January 2021

Background and aim: COVID-19 public health policy has focused on the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its effects on human health while environmental factors have been largely ignored. In considering the epidemiological triad (agent-host-environment) applicable to all disease, we investigated a possible environmental factor in the COVID-19 pandemic: ambient radiofrequency radiation from wireless communication systems including microwaves and millimeter waves. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic, surfaced in Wuhan, China shortly after the implementation of city-wide 5G (fifth generation of wireless communications radiation), and rapidly spread globally, initially demonstrating a statistical correlation to international communities with recently established 5G networks. In this study, we examined the peer-reviewed scientific literature on the detrimental bioeffects of wireless communications radiation (WCR) and identified several mechanisms by which WCR may have contributed to the COVID-19 pandemic as a toxic environmental cofactor. By crossing boundaries between the disciplines of biophysics and pathophysiology, we present evidence that WCR may: (1) cause morphologic changes in erythrocytes including echinocyte and rouleaux formation that can contribute to hypercoagulation; (2) impair microcirculation and reduce erythrocyte and hemoglobin levels exacerbating hypoxia; (3) amplify immune system dysfunction, including immunosuppression, autoimmunity, and hyperinflammation; (4) increase cellular oxidative stress and the production of free radicals resulting in vascular injury and organ damage; (5) increase intracellular Ca2+ essential for viral entry, replication, and release, in addition to promoting pro-inflammatory pathways; and (6) worsen heart arrhythmias and cardiac disorders.Relevance for patients: In short, WCR has become a ubiquitous environmental stressor that we propose may have contributed to adverse health outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and increased the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we recommend that all people, particularly those suffering from SARS-CoV-2 infection, reduce their exposure to WCR as much as reasonably achievable until further research better clarifies the systemic health effects associated with chronic WCR exposure.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18053/jctres.07.202105.007
Autistic and non-autistic adolescents do not differ in adaptation to gaze direction
Authors: Ward Emma Kate
Published: January 2021

Predictive Processing accounts of autism posit that autistic individuals’ perception is less biased by expectations than non-autistic individuals’, perhaps through stronger precision-weighting of prediction errors. Since precision-weighting is fundamental to all information processing, any differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals should be domain-general and observable in both behaviour and brain responses. This study used EEG, behavioural responses and eye-tracking co-registration during gaze-direction adaptation, to investigate whether increased precision-weighting of prediction errors is evident through smaller adaptation after-effects in autistic adolescents compared to non-autistic peers. Multi-level modelling showed that autistic and non-autistic adolescents’ responses were consistent with behavioural adaptation, with Bayesian statistics providing extremely strong evidence for the absence of a group difference. Cluster-based permutation testing of ERP responses did not show the expected adaptation after-effect but did show habituation to repeated stimulus presentation, and no group difference was detected, a result not consistent with the theoretical account. Combined with the few other available studies, the current findings raise challenges for the theory, suggesting no fundamental difference in precision-weighting of prediction errors in autism.
TEORI KONSTRUKSI DAN MODEL BUILDING Petunjuk Praktis untuk Peneliti Social Written by: James Jaccard & Jacob Jacoby
Authors: Asrifan Andi
Published: January 2021

Peran utama suatu teori dalam ilmu social masih diperdebatkan hingga kini. Para ilmuan memformulasikan teori, menguji, menolak, memodifikasi, dan menggunakan teori-teori sebagai petunjuk untuk memahami dan memprediksi peristiwa di sekitar mereka. Sehingga buku ini dimulai dengan memperkenalkan tentang konsep dasar dan hakekat ilmu serta pemahaman terhadap sesuatu dengan mengembangkan gagasan tentang konsep serta peran utama sebuah konsep dalam teori. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penjelasan mengenai strategi-strategi utama dalam mengkonstruksi sebuah teori. Dimulai dengan pernyataan A. Einstein bahwa ilmu pengetahuan adalah semata-mata penjabaran dari hasil cara berfikir sehari-hari sehingga dapat memahami apa itu realita.
Information Delivered by a Chatbot Has a Positive Impact on COVID-19 Vaccines Attitudes and Intentions
Authors: Altay Sacha , Hacquin Anne-Sophie , Chevallier Coralie , Mercier Hugo
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 vaccines will not end the pandemic if they stay in freezers. In many countries, such as France, COVID-19 vaccines hesitancy is high. It is crucial that governments make it as easy as possible for people who want to be vaccinated to do so, but also that they devise communication strategies to address the concerns of vaccine hesitant individuals. We introduce and test on 701 French participants a novel messaging strategy: a chatbot that answers people’s questions about COVID-19 vaccines. We find that interacting with this chatbot for a few minutes significantly increases people’s intentions to get vaccinated (ß = 0.12) and has a positive impact on their attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination (ß = 0.23). Our results suggest that a properly scripted and regularly updated chatbot could offer a powerful resource to help fight hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines.
The Social Odor Scale: development and initial validation of a new scale for the assessment of Social Odor Awareness
Authors: Dal Bò Elisa , Gentili Claudio , Spoto Andrea , Bruno Giovanni , Castellani Andrea , tripodi Carmen , Fischmeister Florian Ph.S , Cecchetto Cinzia
Published: January 2021

The degree of attention individuals pay to olfactory cues (called odor awareness) influences the role of odors in everyday life. Particularly, odors produced by the human body (i.e., social odors) are able to carry a wide variety of information and to elicit a broad spectrum of emotional reactions, making them essential in interpersonal relationships. Hence, despite the assessment of awareness toward social odors is crucial, a proper tool is still lacking. Here, we designed and initially validated the Social Odor Scale (SOS), a 12-item scale designed to measure the individual differences in awareness towards different social odors. In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA; KMO test: MSA = 0.78; Bartlett’s test: χ2(78) = 631.34, p < 0.001; Chi-squared test: χ2(42) = 71.84, p = 0.003) suggests that the three factors structure was the model that best fit with the Italian version of the scale. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supports a second-order model with one higher-order factor representing social odor awareness in general and three lower-order factors representing familiar, romantic partner, and stranger social odors. The final version of the scale presented a good fit (RMSEA = 0.012, SRMR = 0.069, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.997). In Study 2, CFA was performed in the German version of the scale confirming the validity of scale structure. Study 3 and 4 revealed that SOS total score and its subscales were positively correlated with other validated olfactory scales, but not with olfactory abilities. Moreover, SOS was found to be related to the gender of the participants: women reported to be more aware to social odors and, specifically, to familiar social odors than men. Overall, the results indicated that SOS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess awareness toward social odors in everyday life.
Does A Longer Sexual Resume Affect Marriage Rates?
Authors: Wolfinger Nicholas H. , Perry Samuel
Published: January 2021

Sociologists have proposed numerous theories for declining marriage rates in the United States, generally highlighting demographic, economic, and cultural factors. One controversial theory contends that having multiple non-marital sex partners reduces traditional incentives for men to get married and simultaneously undermines their prospects in the marriage market. For women, multiple partners purportedly reduces their desirability as spouses by evoking a gendered double-standard about promiscuity. Though previous studies have shown that having multiple premarital sex partners is negatively associated with marital quality and stability, to date no research has examined whether having multiple non-marital sex partners affects marriage rates. Data from four waves of the National Survey of Family Growth reveal American women who report more sex partners are less likely to get married (though so too are virgins). Yet this finding is potentially misleading given the retrospective and cross-sectional nature of the data. Seventeen waves of prospective data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth’s 1997 mixed-gender cohort that extend through 2015 show that more non-marital sex partners has a temporary effect on marriage rates: recent sex partners reduce the odds of marriage, but the lifetime number of non-marital sex partners does not. Seemingly unrelated bivariate probit models suggest that the short-term effect is likely causal. Our findings ultimately cast doubt on recent scholarship that has implicated the ready availability of casual sex in the retreat from marriage. Rather, the effect of multiple sex partners on marriage rates is “seasonal” for most Americans.
Automatic Normalisation of Historical Text
Authors: Robertson Alexander
Published: January 2021

Spelling variation in historical text negatively impacts the performance of naturallanguage processing techniques, so normalisation is an important pre-processingstep. Current methods fall some way short of perfect accuracy, often requiringlarge amounts of training data to be effective, and are rarely evaluated againsta wide range of historical sources. This thesis evaluates three models: a HiddenMarkov Model, which has not been previously used for historical text normalisation; a soft attention Neural Network model, which has previously only been evaluated on a single German dataset; and a hard attention Neural Network model,which is adapted from work on morphological inflection and applied here to historical text normalisation for the first time. Each is evaluated against multipledatasets taken from prior work on historical text normalisation. This facilitatesdirect comparison of this work to that existing work. The hard attention NeuralNetwork model achieves state-of-the-art normalisation accuracy in all datasets,even when the volume of training data is restricted. This work will be of particular interest to researchers working with noisy historical data which they wouldlike to explore using modern computational techniques.
Practices of Didactic Interventions in Physical and Sport Education and Place of Expertise: Effective Teacher Designs and Achievements
Authors: Cecilia Fetnani
Published: January 2021

This paper reports on research in the teaching of Physical and Sports Education (PSE) which aims to question the use of verbal interventions in the teaching of EPS, depending on whether the teacher is a specialist or not in the physical and sporting activity (PSA) that he teaches. The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed description of intervention practices. They include describing to what extent and how knowledge is staged. Our case studies reflect the effects of the expertise which structures professional skills in relation to the test and knowledge. The teaching of Kais is indicative of his expertise in volleyball, he articulates his own logic of expert to that of the student and the activity, Ramzi non-specialist teacher relies more on logic inherent in his footballer’s sporting experience, to his knowledge of the students as well as that of the discipline of volleyball (Touboul, 2011). These results are interpreted and discussed in the light of these contexts and the professional uniqueness of Kais and Ramzi.
Augmented Reality Technology, and It’s Effect in Improving the Acceptance to Use It among 7th Graders in Medical Technology Unit
Authors: Cecilia Fetnani
Published: January 2021

The current study aimed at revealing the effect of augmented reality technology in improving the applicability of the seventh grade students in Medical Technology Unit. The study followed the experimental method according to the design of a pre-post type for the same case. The study sample consisted of 20 students among seventh grade of Beat Dagan school in east Gaza, acceptance scale was used to answer the main question of the study, as the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the results of the scale of applicability between the pre and post applications in the favor of the post-application, also there is an effect of using the augmented reality technology in increasing students’ acceptance to learn. The study recommended to using the augmented reality technology in teaching in order to overcome the problems and obstacles that face students and teachers in presenting scientific knowledge.
The Development of Information and Communicative Competence in Prospective Teachers
Authors: Cecilia Fetnani
Published: January 2021

The article discusses role of teaching by taking into account modern features in the teaching profession, in the process of improving the prospective teachers’ professional competence, and the learning process organization. Effectiveness of the competence formation in prospective teachers determined by the qualitative criteria, the relevance of which relates to the educational process content and pedagogical conditions. Implementation of pedagogical activities following the principles and competent approaches to person-centered learning, new teaching methods used in pedagogical practice, plans of proposed methods for basic competencies formation in teachers, analysis effectiveness of decision making in certain pedagogical situations were discussed. Socialimplications in this study are resulted in society development changes, mainly the problem of globalization, the growth of the strategic direction of the market economy, changes in international relations and modern requirements for the teaching profession, ability to organize humanization processes, the ability to strengthen international relations, interpersonal and intercultural ties, etc., in-depth training, taking into account the above-mentioned modern requirements in the formation of the ICT competence in prospective teachers. The practical meanings associated with the learning process organized in a systematic way, where students will be able to create new ideas, further develop mentally and gain professional knowledge through a variety of activities, and gain experience in using the obtained skills in the right situations.
Farmers’ perception on status of livestock insurance in Surkhet district, Nepal
Authors: Nepali Brinda
Published: January 2021

Livestock is an important sector for sustained livelihoods of Nepalese people, particularly for small holder farmers. However, occurrence of any disease or disaster may get livestock as the source of sufferings.  Livestock insurance can come up as an effective tool for risk management in livestock sector.  This study covers the current status and perception of the farmers on livestock insurance. A total of 45 livestock farmers were selected purposively from three municipalities (15 from each municipality) in Surkhet district as Birendranagar Municipality (Birendranagar, Saldada), Bheriganga Municipality (Maintada) and Lekbeshi Municipality (Lekfarsa, Dasarathpur and Satakhani). Data was collected by face-to-face interview with farmers (45), focus group discussions (2) and key informant survey (4). Mortality, high cost of animal, production loss and price risk were the major risks encountered in the farm. Utilization of their saving and loan reimbursement was preferred by the farmers for capital management. Adoption of insurance among livestock owners was found motivated mainly by cooperatives, friends and family. Among twenty insurance companies offering insurance policies in Surkhet district, Everest Insurance Company Limited was popular. Only few farmers were found having complete awareness on livestock insurance. Majority of farmers agreed on insurance as an effective tool for risk management whereas only 64.44% of total respondent farmers were insuring their livestock, out of which 37.93 % had renewed their insurance package. Goats were mostly insured. This study indicates that better coverage, further process simplification, and perspicuity of livestock insurance scheme including awareness raising are essential for livestock insurance to approach higher level of insurance adopters.
Screening of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for rust-resistance and assessment on prevalence and distribution of the rust diseases in wheat production fields
Authors: Shrestha Rajan , Mahto Baidya Nath
Published: January 2021

Evaluation of 45 wheat genotypes was performed to quantify genetic responses to inoculation of rust pathogens in aqueous suspension at the early vegetative stage. The study was conducted in field conditions at Plant Pathology Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Lalitpur, Nepal in winter, 2013. Results showed large variations of rust resistance on wheat genotypes. Thirty-six genotypes were susceptible to yellow rust (YR), 18 had high severity, 7 had moderate severity, 6 had low severity, 5 had trace reactions, while 9 were rust-resistant. Old varieties (Lerma-52, Kalayansona, RR-21, NL-30, HD-1982, UP-262, Lumbini, Vinayak, Vaskar, Nepal-297, Nepal-251, BL-1135, Annapurna-4, Achyut, Rohini, and BL-1473) had high severities of YR, but relatively recent cultivars had medium severities. YR was severe (100S) in genotypes HD-1982, Vaskar, Vijay, and Rohini followed by RR-21, NL-30, UP-262, Nepal-297, BL-1135, and Annapurna-4 (90S). The pipeline cultivars: Aditya, NL-971, BL-3503, BL-3623, NL-1008, NL-1064, Becard#1, and Chyakhura-1 had trace to moderate reactions of YR with low severity indices. But varieties Vijay and NL-1055 showed high severity of YR (100S and 80S, respectively). Overall, leaf rust (LR) was minor while stem rust (SR) developed in traces on a single genotype (Annapurna-1). A survey of wheat rusts across 66 production fields revealed the prevalence of YR and LR at high levels, but none on SR. The occurrence of LR was higher than YR; 48.48% vs 36.36% of assessed fields, respectively. YR was a primary concern of rust diseases with most fields under high severity (62.5%) and incidence (54.16%) levels. LR had low incidence and moderate severity levels. A considerable gap exists between an extension of such research outcomes and the producers, who demonstrated little know-how on wheat rusts and varieties. These results may support and enhance varietal selection, breeding programs, and effective management and control strategies against wheat rust diseases.
Technical efficiency of wheat growing farmers of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Surya Prasad , Ghimire Yuga Nath , Timsina Krishna Prasad , Subedi Sanjiv , Kharel Meena
Published: January 2021

Wheat is a major staple food crop of Nepal, so it is necessary to increase its productivity. However, the national average wheat productivity of Nepal is low as compared to other neighboring countries. This study employed a Cobb-Douglas stochastic production frontier model to examine the technical efficiency and its determinants using randomly selected household data from 343 wheat farmers from four districts of Nepal. Maximum likelihood estimation results showed that wheat production responded positively to an increase in the quantity of inorganic fertilizer, whereas it was detrimental to seed rate. Likewise, the study found that farmers were not technically efficient with a mean technical efficiency of 81%. The result showed irrigation, herbicides, sowing time, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), and wheat varieties were statistically significant factors that affect the technical efficiency of wheat farmers. Furthermore, to increase wheat productivity, farmers should use better irrigation, appropriate weed management practices, optimum sowing time, and adoption of recent improved varieties. Findings suggest that the technical efficiency of wheat farmers could be enhanced by practicing optimum use of inputs and improving the inefficiency factors
Evaluation of bread wheat genotypes under rain-fed conditions in Terai districts of Nepal
Authors: Pandey Deepak , Pant Khem Raj , Bastola Biswas Raj , Giri Rabin , Bohara Suman , Shrestha Shankar , Hamal Govinda Bahadur , Shrestha Jiban
Published: January 2021

Thirty four percent of the total wheat cultivated area is under rain-fed condition in Nepal and that of the Terai is nineteen percent. The objective of this study was to develop drought tolerant and high yielding varieties of wheat for timely sown rain-fed environments. Coordinated Varietal trial (CVT) was carried out in normal wheat growing season during 2016/17 and 2017/18. The research was conducted at five locations (Rampur, Bhairahawa, Doti, Jitpur and Nepalgunj) of five research stations of Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) throughout the Terai region in alpha lattice design with two replications. Data on different yield attributing traits were recorded. In the CVT-TTL 2016/17 highly significant difference (p<0.01) among the genotypes was found for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of grains per spike and thousand kernel weight and significant difference (p<0.05) for grain yield. The highest grain yield was observed in NL 1326 (2954 kg/ha) which was followed by NL 1327 (2819 kg/ha), NL 1211 (2719 kg/ha), NL1202 (2683 kg/ha), BL 4707 (2654 kg/ha) and BL 4708 (2652 kg/ha).  Similarly, in CVT-TTL 2017/18, highly significant difference (p<0.01) among the genotypes was observed for the days to heading, days to maturity and plant height and non-significant different for number of grains per spike, grain yield and TGW.  However, Genotype by Environment (G x E) was found highly significant (p<0.01) for the days to heading, plant height, grain yield and TGW and significant different (p<0.05) for number of grains per spike. The highest grain yield was obtained in NL1322 (2305 kg/ha) which was followed by NL1369 (2287 kg/ha), NL 1202 (2205 kg/ha), BL 4708 (2197 kg/ha) and BL 4820 (2118 kg/ha). Among these tested genotypes BL 4708, NL 1202, NL 1211, NL 1307, NL 1327 and NL 1369 are recommended for the coordinated farmer's field trial for further verification and release as variety.
Plant Parasitic Nematodes and their management in crop production: a review
Authors: Mandal Honey Raj , Katel Shambhu , Subedi Sudeep , Shrestha Jiban
Published: January 2021

Plant Parasitic Nematodes are small worm like transparent, bilateral symmetry, pseudocoelomate, multicellular, free living or parasitic microorganism which are predatory, aquatic, terrestrial, entopathogenic, ectoparasite, endoparasite, semi-endoparasite or sedentary. They cause substantial problems to major crops throughout the world, including vegetables, fruits, and grain crops. The root knot and cyst nematodes are economically important pests in numerous crops. Crop damage from nematodes is not readily apparent in most cases, and it often remains hidden by the many other factors limiting plant growth. In the past, the control of the nematodes has been based on the synthetic nematicides, the number of which has been drastically restricted in the EU because of their environmental side effects and subsequent restriction in European Union (EU) rules and regulations. Many other methods like cultural control, biological control, use of biotechnological tools and methods, use of resistant cultivars are tested and proven successful in controlling different species of nematodes all over the world. Alternatively, combinations of the different methods are proven to be highly effective both economically and environmentally.
Advanced 3D Localization in Lock-in Thermography Based on the Analysis of the TRTR (Time-Resolved Thermal Response) Received Upon Arbitrary Waveform Stimulation
Authors: Brand Sebastian , Kögel Michael , Grosse Christian , Altmann Frank , Lai Brian , Wang Qingqing , Vickers James , Tien David , Zee Bernice , Wen Qiu
Published: January 2021

Lock-in thermography (LIT) has been successfully applied in different excitation and analysis modes including classical LIT, analysis of the time-resolved temperature response (TRTR) upon square wave excitation and TRTR analysis in combination with arbitrary waveform stimulation. The results obtained by both classical square wave- and arbitrary waveform stimulation showed excellent agreement. Phase and amplitudes values extracted by classical LIT analysis and by Fourier analysis of the time resolved temperature response also coincided, as expected from the underlying system theory. In addition to a conceptual test vehicle represented by a point-shaped thermal source, two semiconductor packages with actual defects were studied and the obtained results are presented herein. The benefit of multi-parametric imaging for identification of a defect’s lateral position in the presence of multiple hot spots was also demonstrated. For axial localization, the phase shift values have been extracted as a function of frequency [4]. For comparative validation, LIT analyses were conducted in both square wave and arbitrary waveform excitation using custom designed and sample-specific stimulation signals. In both cases result verification was performed employing X-ray, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) as complementary techniques.
FICTIONALITY IN A POSTMODERN NOVELS (BASED ON THE CREATIVITY OF JASPER FFORDE)
Authors: Abdullayeva Yegane Atamoglan
Published: January 2021

In “The Postmodern Condition”, F. T. Lyotard argues that the logos is a myth with the concept of “sunset of metanarrative” and that the world can only be understood as a fictional story. Postmodernist aesthetics refers to this concept and puts forward the idea that the fictitiousness of a character in a literary work fictionizes its state and the events in which he participates. In this regard, in the context of the literary work, real space and characters are fictitious. Fictionality realizes in different ways, and we can see this in the analysis of British writer Jasper Fforde’s novels “Thursday Next”.
INFLUENCE OF FIBREGLASS MESH ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT FOAMCRETE
Authors: Mat Serudin Anisah , Othuman Mydin Md Azree , Abdul Ghani Abdul Naser
Published: January 2021

This research project was designed to investigate the influence of fibremesh on the durability properties of lightweight foamcrete (LFC). The fibremesh, categorized as a synthetic fibre (man-made fibre), was used for this study. It poses a continuous fibre with warp and weft structure that was used as confinement material in this investigation where four different weights per area (g/m2) of the fibremesh were observed namely, 110 g, 130 g, 145 g, and 160 g. Three experimental tests were involved in this preliminary study: porosity, water absorption, and drying shrinkage test. All the specimens were confined with 1-layer fibremesh at a constant density of 1100kg/m3 of LFC and the result was compared with the control (unconfined LFC). The 160 g/m2 of fibremesh significantly improved the physical properties of LFC where 13.8%, 20%, and 57.4% enhancement was obtained for the porosity, water absorption, and drying shrinkage result, respectively.
ABSTRAK: Projek penyelidikan ini dijalankan bagi menyiasat kesan pengunaan jejaring sabut pada sifat ketahanan konkrit ringan berbusa (LFC). Jejaring sabut yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah jejaring gentian kaca tahan-alkali yang dikategorikan sebagai serat sintetik yang juga dikenali sebagai fabrik tekstil. Ia mempunyai serat yang panjang dan bersambung dengan struktur yang lekuk dan renda yang digunakan sebagai penambahbaikan bagi konkrit ringan berbusa. Terdapat empat berat jejaring sabut yang diuji iaitu 110 g, 130 g, 145 g, dan 160 g. Tiga jenis eksperimen bagi kajian awal ini iaitu keliangan, penyerapan air, dan pengecutan pengeringan. Semua spesimen dibalut dengan 1 lapisan jejaring sabut pada 1100kg/m3 LFC dan data yang diperoleh dibandingkan dengan spesimen yang tidak dibalut dengan gentian kaca berjejaring. Jejaring sabut 160 g/m2 meningkatkan sifat fizikal konkrit ringan berbusa di mana 13.8%, 20%, dan 57.4% peningkatan diperoleh bagi keliangan, penyerapan air, dan pengecutan pengeringan, masing-masing.