bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hadits Dalam Kacamata Mu’tazilah: Studi Tentang Al-Qadhi ‘Abdul Jabbar Dan Abu Al-Husain Al-Basri
Authors: Laily Liddini
Published: August 2022

Tulisan ini bertujuan (1) mengkaji cara pandang Mu’tazilah tentang Qadhi Abdul Jabbar sebagai tentang  hadits. (2) menginterpretasi atau mendekripsikan secara analitis hadits-hadits yang di tentang oleh Mu’tazilah. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dan untuk membahas persoalan yang ada dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research), dengan pendekatan metode analisis komprehensif. Mu’tazilah dalam menyikapi segala hal selalu berpedoman dengan lima dasar kerangka berfikir (ushul al-khamsah), tanpa kecuali dalam menyikapi hadits. Kaum mu’tazilah yang selalu menggunakan akalnya dalam segala hal menjadikannya al-Quran maupun hadist tunduk padanya. Dalam bidang hadits, mereka tidak mempercayai sahabat, mereka mengigkari hadits mutawatir, mereka mengingkari hadits ahad, bahkan terkadang memalsukan hadits demi memperkuat pendapatnya. Gambaran penyimpangan Mu’tazilah terhadap hadits diantaranya: mengenal Allah SWT dengan bukti yang nyata, mengingkari adanya melihat Allah SWT pada hari kiamat, mengingkari adanya syafa’at Rasulullah SAW, mengingkari adanya mu’jizat Rasulullah SAW, pendapatnya mengenai hukuman bagi peminum khamr dan anggur, dan mengingkari adanya adzab kubur.
“Poligami” Bentuk Ketaatan Atau Keegoisan Antara Suami Dan Istri (Kajian Surat An-Nisa Ayat 3 Dan Undang-Undang Perkawinan)
Authors: Ashwab Mahasin
Published: August 2022

Pemahaman tentang “poligami” yang mungkin bisa menjadi suatu bentuk ketaatan atau keegoisan suami atau istri antara mau poligami dan tidak mau dipoligami yang dikaji melalui pemahaman ayat/nash dan undang-undang perkawinan merupakan hal yang perlu dijabarkan dalam karya ini. Pendekatan tekstual dan kontekstual digunakan untuk memahami pesan dalam nash dan undang-undang sebagai aturan dalam negara hukum sebagai bentuk ketaatan dalam beragama dan bernegara. Dengan mempertimbangkan konteks sosial - historis terhadap ayat-ayat poligami, dapat menentukan apakah pesan ayat tersebut menekankan pada poligami yang bisa diaplikasiakan secara universal atau hanya dalam konteks tertentu, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan syarat-syarat dan prosedur yang ditetapkan dalam undang-undang perkawinan. Berdasar pemahaman penulis, titik temu atau penghubung antara kedua sumber hukum baik nash maupun undang-undang, yaitu perlindungan terhadap anak-anak yatim dan wanita/janda. Hukum poligami bersifat temporal dengan tidak adanya pelarangan atau keharusan melakukannya, sehingga hanya diperbolehkan dalam konteks tertentu dan prosedur yang ketat untuk memperoleh izin di pengadilan sebagai bentuk ketaatan beragama dan bernegar. Hal ini menunjukkan baik agama maupun undang-undang menghendaki adanya praktek monogami dalam pernikahan.
Polemik Pemukulan Suami Terhadap Istri Dalam (Tafsir) Al-Qur'an
Authors: Misbahul Huda
Published: August 2022

Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kenyataan bahwa beragam corak penafsiran telahdihasilkan dan tak pernah mengenal kata mandek. Terutama diskursus mengenai pemukulansuami terhadap istri dalam tafsir al-Qur’an, tidaklah sederhana seperti seperti yangdibayangkan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif, tulisan ini berusaha menelusuri apasaja kontroversi diskursus pemukulan suami terhadap istri dalam tafsir al-Qur’an, sertabagaimana wujud polemik tafsir al-Qur’an tentang pemukulan suami terhadap istri.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat beberapa riwayat tentang asbab an-nuzulmikro an-Nisā’ (4): 34, belum lagi ditambah asbab an-nuzul makro. Mayoritas ulamamemaknai kata waḍribuhūnna dalam an-Nisā’ (4): 34 secara haqiqi, tetapi ada sebagian yangmemaknainya secara majazi (metaforis). Kebanyakan tafsir mengenai an-Nisā’ (4): 34menunjukan adanya pandangan bolehnya pemukulan, tetapi ada juga pandangan makruh, dankhilāf al-aulā. Terdapat beragam pandangan mengenai Surah Ṣād (38): 44 sebagai dasarpemukulan suami terhadap istri.
Analisis Ketentuan Batas Minimal Usia Perkawinan Undang-Undang Perkawinan No. 1 Tahun 1974 Menjadi Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 2019
Authors: Fazat Labaiba
Published: August 2022

Ketentuan mengenai usia perkawinan sebetulnya telah lama mendapatkan reaksi pro dan kontra. Reaksi ini terlihat semakin jelas ketika Mahkamah Konstitusi mengabulkan sebagian uji materi mengenai ketentuan batas minimal usia perkawinan yang digugat oleh sejumlah aktifis dan warga negara. Polemik mengenai ketentuan batas minimal usia perkawinan kemudian satu per satu muncul seperti sudah tidak relevan dan terdapat beberapa Undang-Undang yang bersifat kontra terhadap ketentuan batas minimal usia perkawinan bagi perempuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian Library Research (penelitian kepustakaan) yakni penelitian yang sumber datanya berasal dari literatur kepustakaan. Ditinjau dari teori keadilan milik Rawls, mengenai dampak dan ketentuan batas minimal usia perkawinan pada pasal 7 UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan dapat dikatakan belum cukup memiliki unsur keadilan yaitu adanya pemberian unsur hak dan unsur manfaat. Dengan adanya Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas UndangUndang No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan memberi kesempatan kepada para perempuan untuk mendapatkan hak pendidikan, hak sehat, hak yang sama sebagaimna laki-laki, ia dapat bekerja dan mendapatkan porsi pekerjaan yang layak sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan dan hak-hak lainnya.
Penguatan Nilai- Nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Karakter Melalui Organisasi Ipnu Ippnu Di Desa Kroya
Authors: Rizki Rizki Hidayat , Sunhaji  , Muflikhatul Hidayah
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Islamic religious education in national development has an important role in shaping the character of Indonesian society. Islamic Religious Education is the main subject developed from the main teachings of Islam. The purpose of this research is to provide understanding and form a person who is devoted, faithful, and has a noble character through the IPNU IPPNU organization.

Keyword : Islamic Religious Education, Character

 

Abstrak

Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam pembangunan nasional memiliki peranan penting dalam pembentukan karakter masyarakat Indonesia. Pendidikan Agama Islam merupakan mata pelajaran pokok yang dikembangkan dari ajaran-ajaran pokok agama Islam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman dan membentuk pribadi yang bertaqwa , beriman , dan berbudi pekerti yang mulia melalui organisasi IPNU IPPNU.

 Kata Kunci : Pendidikan Agama Islam, Karakter
Risalah Wanita Dalam Agama dan Masyarakat Telaah Yuridis Antroplogis
Authors: Maula Ismatul , Ida Ida Rif’atus Sa’adah
Published: August 2022

Women are the focus of this research, which is a literature study with an anthropological juridical approach, seeing women from the perspective of religion and society. Their roles and status are often perceived as unfair. Although in the text and context, it is clear that there is no habit in the position of women. There are limits set by religion as a form of protection for women, not the other way around. This is what is interesting in this research by looking for the truth point of how women are juridically studied from the perspective of religion and how women are socially seen in the order of their roles and positions, is there really a habit in them so that justice and equality must continue to be voiced. From these questions, it comes to a conclusion that women, both in religion and in society, have the same duties and responsibilities as men. His position in religion is very important, even in Islam before his arrival women did not have social status. Islam actually came to equalize the position of women with men. Their roles and activities are also not limited as long as they do not conflict with syara`. In society, there are cultures, customs and norms that actually have noble values that must be preserved. So women in this view clearly have a high status treatise in the frame of their dignity and honor
Metode Penerjemahan Al-Qur‟an Dan Kritik Muhammad Thalib Terhadap Q.S An-Nisaa: 34 Versi Departemen Agama
Authors: Rooby Pangestu Hari Mulyo
Published: August 2022

Abstract The Qur'an is a divine kalam revealed to the Prophet Muhammad pbuh, which is a mandatory handle for its adherents. In its development, many scholars interpreted the content of the Qur'an, not to be missed, the State of Indonesia as a country with the majority of Muslims also participated in interpreting the Qur'an carried out by the government which was carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture. The emergence of the Qur'an Translation from the Ministry of Agriculture caused a reaction from the Indonesian Mujahideen Council (MMI). Muhammad Talib, who created a work entitled Al-Qur'anul Karim: Tarjamah Tafsiriyah 'understanding the Meaning of the Qur'an more Easily, Quickly and Precisely', is a form of criticism of the government. One of the translations of the criticized verse is the letter an-nisaa: 34. Muhammad Talib in translating the Qur'an, namely by the Tafsiriyah method.
MESOPOROUS CARBON, VANADIUM PENTOXIDE, AND PRUSSIAN BLUE FOR ENERGY STORAGE: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Tran Van Ket
Published: August 2022

In this work, we present a preliminary study on the synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties of three different nanoscale materials recently synthesized in our lab: mesoporous carbon (MPC), vanadium pentoxide (VPO), and Prussian Blue (PB). These materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques. The electrochemical measurements revealed different behaviors for energy storage in these materials. The calculated values of specific capacitance for MPC, VPO, and PB at 10 mV s1was 149.1, 71.9, and 448.6 F g1, respectively, which are promising for electrochemical energy storage.
Review on blood transfusion during pregnancy and postnatal period
Authors: KUMAR PALUKURI YASHWANTH , SRINIVASARAO DARLA , SHARMA BHARTI , MAHTO BIPUL KUMAR
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT  
Patient blood management is a crucial area introduced in almost all medical specialities, such as cardiac surgery, anaesthesiology, and orthopaedic surgery, but the PBM is even more critical in emergency obstetric care. Obstetric haemorrhage is one of the most frequent causes of maternal demise. Due to many factors such as comorbidities and physiological changes, estimating blood loss and the precise demand for blood transfusion during pregnancy is difficult. Numerous guidelines are available to assess the need for blood transfusion; however, the developed countries form all those guidelines used in developing countries. As a result, we investigated the various forms of blood transfusion reactions during pregnancy. We also looked at the frequency and risk variables for postpartum blood transfusion responses. Since patient blood management plays a vital role in minimizing Obstetric haemorrhage, we have also reviewed the guidelines for blood transfusion in obstetrics.
Keywords: Blood transfusion, Patient blood management, Obstetric haemorrhage, Blood transfusion reactions, morbidity.
Interrelation of liver & kidney parameter changes association with hematological changes of patients with dengue fever
Authors: Sai Charan Labishetty , Chauhan Ugresh , Srinivasarao Darla , Upadhyaya Arjun
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT  
Dengue fever develops with modifications in lab reports beginning the third day. It can appear on the fifth day with values reestablished to typical by the eleventh day. The examination results are applicable within the portrayal of organic markers in the advancement of the infection. They may be utilized as markers for the most severe structures along these lines empowering early assistance with the adaption of helpful lead for explicit patients. Seventy-three patients were analyzed for dengue fever. More significant variation was found in disease courses for the aged in hemoglobin and platelet count values. However, there was no significant difference between groups for the other forms of the disease, and the values were similar through the evolution. During the disease course, lymphocytosis was observed in all states, especially in the under-old age group. In all groups, thrombocytopenia was observed, and an increased AST enzyme occurred at the beginning of the disease.
Keywords: Arbovirus, Hyponatraemia, Thrombocytopenia etc.
Madrasah Diniyah: Studi Kebijakan Wajib Belajar di Purwakarta
Authors: Sarnoto Ahmad Zain
Published: August 2022

Kepala Daerah sebagai penyelenggara pemerintahan daerah  bertindak mewakili pemerintah dalam segala hubungan hukum. Ia mempunyai kewenangan terhadap pengaturan kebijakan publik maupun privat. Dengan demikian dalam praktek pembuatan peraturan perundang-undangan dapat lahir berdasarkan inisiatif badan legislatif atau inisiatif badan eksekutif. Kebijakan publik yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah/pemerintah daerah akan berdampak kepada masyarakat secara langsung maupun tidak langsung.

Berdasarkan studi kebijakan publik dapat dikatakan bawah kebijakan wajib belajar madrasah diniyah di kabupaten Purwakarta menunjukkan dampak positif terhdap penyelenggaraan pendidikan Islam. Indikator perubahan kearah yang lebih baik ditunjukkan oleh: (1) meningkatnya partisipasi peserta didik, (2) keragaman kualifikasi tenaga pendidik, (3) adanya standarisasi kurikulum, (4) tersedianya sarana pendidikan, (5) tersedianya pembiayaan, (6) terlaksananya kegiatan belajar mengajar sesuai kalender pendidikan, dan (7) pengelolaan pendidikan bersifat terbuka
Membangun Karakter Bermasyarakat Dan Bernegara Dengan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila
Authors: Sarnoto Ahmad Zain
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini ingin menemukan jawaban apakah Pancasila sebagai dasar negeara telah dijadikan landasan membangun karakter bermasyarakat dan bernegara. Mengingat begitu derasnya upaya budaya luar yang tidak sejalan dengan nilai-nilai dan budaya Indonesia. Perubahan suasana politik setelah reformasi memberikan kesan bahwa adanya dinamika perubahan dalam berbangsa dan bernegara. Rerfomasi telah membaha perubahan dalam beberapa hal, termasuk adanya amandemen UUD 1945, bagi Sebagian kalangan amandemen sebagai suatu hal yang biasa, tetapi Sebagian yang lain mengkuatirkan akan terjadinya disentegrasi bangsa, mengingat arus deras budaya luar yang masuk, dikuatirkan amandemen akan melemahkan nilainilai Pancasila dalam membangaun budaya dan karakter bangsa.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi Pustaka, dinama data didapat dari buku, jurnal dan karya ilmiah yang lainnya.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa aktualisasi nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam membangun karakter kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara merupakan suatu keniscayaan, agar Pancasila tetap menjadi pedoman dalam pengambilan kebijaksanaan dan pemecahan masalah dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara
PENGANTAR STUDI PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS AL-QUR’AN: LINGKUNGAN PENDIDIKAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Sarnoto Ahmad Zain
Published: August 2022

Kajian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana lingkungan Pendidikan dalam perspektif Al-Qur’an, tentu saja melalui isyarat dalam beberapa ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an.  Meskipun lingkungan Pendidikan tidak disinggung secara lansung dalam al-Qur’an, akan tetapi al-Qur’an juga menyinggung dan memberikan perhatian terhadap lingkungan sebagai tempat sesuatu. Dalam Pendidikan lingkungan menjadi salah satu faktor yang sangat penting dan mendukung pada proses  pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Lingkungan yang baik akan berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Begitu juga sebaliknya, lingkungan kurang baik akan memberikan dampak negatif terhadap anak. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian library research dengan pendekatan reflektif thinking. Dalam beberapa isyarat ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dapat di pahami bahwa adanya lingkungan Pendidikan yang terdapat dalam Al-Qur’an. Jika di telaah setidaknya  terdapat lima (5) lingkungan pendidikan dalam proses pembelajaran manusia yang terdapat dalam Al-Qur’an, yaitu keluarga, madrasah/sekolah, masjid, masyaraka dan alam
Closed form solutions for element matrices of 4-node rectangular plate element using IFM
Authors: H.R. Dhananjaya  , J. Nagabhushanam  , P.C. Pandey
Published: August 2022

This paper presents closed form solutions for equilibrium and flexibility matrices of the Mindlin- Reissner theory based 4-node rectangular plate bending element using Integrated Force Method (IFM). Use of closed form solutions of equilibrium and flexibility matrices reduce the computational time significantly and more suitable for the plate bending problems with square/rectangular boundaries. Large number of standard square/rectangular plate bending benchmark problems have been analyzed for central deflections and moments using the presented closed form solutions. Results are compared with those of similar displacement based plate bending elements available in the literature. The results are also compared with the exact solutions.
The WISE-MUSE Project: Environmental Monitoring and Controlling of Museums based on Wireless Sensors Networks
Authors: L. M. Rodríguez Peralta  , L. M. P. Leão Brito  , B. A. Teixeira Gouveia
Published: August 2022

A major concern to all museums’ managers is to properly conserve the artwork in museums and, for that to be achieved, it is fundamental to monitor the museum’s environment. Therefore, it is critical to continuously measure some environmental parameters, such as temperature, relative humidity, light and, also, pollutants, either in storage or exhibition rooms. The deployment of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in a museum can help implementing these measurements continuously, in a real-time basis, and in a much easier and cheaper way than traditional procedures. In this paper, we describe an experimental testbed deployed in a contemporary art museum that is located in Madeira Island, in Portugal, and it reveals the preliminary results of these experiments. For this purpose, we have developed a new wireless sensor node that brings some advantages when compared with other commercially available solutions. This work is being developed in the context of the ongoing project on museum environmental and structural monitoring using WSNs, the WISEMUSE project.
Reliability Analysis of Counterfort Retaining Walls
Authors: Anil Kumar Mandali  , Sujith M. S  , B. N Rao  , Janardhana Maganti
Published: August 2022

Traditionally, a constant factor of safety (usually 1.5) is adopted in the design of counterfort retaining walls against instability failure, regardless of the actual uncertainties in the various design variables. This constant factor of safety may not be able to quantify the uncertainties associated with the random variables. This paper presents the stability analysis of a typical counterfort retaining wall, accounting for uncertainties in the ‘design variables’ in the framework of probability theory. The first order reliability method (FORM), second order reliability method (SORM) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method are used in this study to evaluate the probability of failure associated with the various modes (both geotechnical and structural) of a typical counterfort retaining wall. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the angle of internal friction of the soil, is the most sensitive random variable, which affects all the modes of failure. Plots of reliability index and factor of safety are generated for critical modes of failure, where the constant factor of safety (as recommended in various design codes) is not able to get a desired reliability index/probability of failure.
A Review on the Use of Polymeric Coatings for Retrofitting of Structural Elements against Blast Effects
Authors: S.N. Raman  , Nguyen Tuan , Mendis Priyan
Published: August 2022

An increase in terrorist activities, accidental explosions and the proliferation of weapons in recent years has made infrastructures across the globe more vulnerable to extreme impulsive loadings. Both in research and in practice, strengthening by the use of composite laminates such as fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) has been the most popular technique for strengthening structures facing the risk of blast loads. Alternatively, in recent years, researchers have been working towards the possibility of using elastomeric polymer coatings for structural retrofitting applications since they show the potential in enhancing blast and impact resistance of structural elements. However, the knowledge on this technique is still at its infancy considering that the related information on its application is very limited and tends to be scattered. This paper attempts to address the gap by providing a review on the current state of this novel technique in retrofitting structural elements against the explosive effects of blast. The discussions provided are mainly focussed on the application of this technique on masonry, steel and composite structures and systems, as well as on reinforced concrete (RC) panels. The areas in which more in-depth research is required, and where there exist a critical lack of knowledge, have also been highlighted.
Punching shear resistance of high-strength concrete slabs
Authors: Ngo Tuan
Published: August 2022

The use of high-strength concrete in reinforced concrete slabs is becoming popular in Australia and other countries. Current design provisions of AS3600 and other major codes throughout the world are based on empirical relationships developed from tests on low-strength concrete. In this paper, the experimental results from 4 research studies are used to review the existing recommendations in design codes for punching shear failure of slabs. Design codes referred in this study are AS3600 and CEB-FIP MC 90. In AS3600 the punching shear strength is expressed as proportional to fc1/2. However in CEB-FIP MC 90 punching shear strength is assumed to be proportional to fc1/3. It is shown that the present provisions in AS3600 are applicable up to 100 MPa.
Seismic design force for single-span slab-girder skewed bridges
Authors: Shervin Maleki
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the validity of seismic design force recommended by AASHTO for single-span bridges. The prescribed force is equal to the products of soil factor , acceleration and tributary weight of the structure. A three dimensional finite element analysis of straight and skewed bridges with skew angles varying from 0 to 60 degrees is used for this study. In the longitudinal direction, the bridges are assumed to be supported either by elastomeric bearings or a pinned support. In the transverse direction, the stiffness of end cross-frames is considered in the analysis. AASHTO ‘s recommended seismic design force for single-span bridges is compared with the El Centro time history and response spectrum analysis. It is concluded that AASHTO’s recommended design force for  single-span straight and skewed bridges could be unsafe in certain cases. An increase in the design force to a level equal to response spectrum value is recommended for such cases.
Seismic Response of Concrete Arch Dams Including Dam-Reservoir- Foundation Interaction Using Infinite Elements
Authors: H. Mirzabozorg  , A. Kordzadeh  , M.A. Hariri-Ardebili
Published: August 2022

In the present paper, a direct time domain procedure is used for dynamic linear and nonlinear analysis of the coupled system of reservoir-dam-foundation in 3D space. The foundation is assumed massed and infinite elements are used to model the semi-infinite medium via the far-end boundary of the foundation model. The nonlinear behavior of mass concrete is modeled using the smeared crack approach in which the elements can be cracked in each Gaussian point. The reservoir is assumed to be compressible and is modeled using finite element method with appropriate boundary conditions. The coupled system is solved using the staggered displacement method. As a case study, KARADJ double curvature arch dam in Iran is chosen to investigate the effect of massed foundation on the seismic response of the system. It is found that the response of the system with massed foundation including infinite elements is the same as that when the artificial absorbing boundary on the far-end boundary of the foundation is modeled using the viscous boundary. In addition, when the foundation is assumed mass-less, the resulted seismic stresses within the dam body can be too conservative. Decreasing the crack profiles and displacements are observed in nonlinear analysis of the dam when infinite elements are used to model the semi-infinite medium via the far-end boundary of the foundation model.
A Review of Behaviour of Prestressed Concrete Sleepers
Authors: J. Taherinezhad  , M. Sofi  , Mendis Priyan , Ngo Tuan
Published: August 2022

Prestressed concrete sleepers (PCSs) are the most commonly used type of sleepers. They play an essential role in track performance, behaviour and safety. The focus of the published literature on PCSs has primarily been on quantification of dynamic load and resulting structural behaviour of sleepers, interaction with other components of track and failure mechanisms. While structural performance of PCSs is very important and researched as reflected by the large volume of published literature, concrete sleepers also need to meet the durability requirements. It is known that only a small percentage of concrete sleepers remain in service when reaching their intended design life, resulting in heavy maintenance and replacement costs. This paper reports a summary of the review of literature conducted as part of a broader investigation undertaken at the University of Melbourne. The aim of the investigation is to establish the material requirements of the concrete sleepers in order to meet the structural and durability requirements. A summary of the latest works on dynamic responses (including natural frequencies and mode shapes, damping, bending moments and strain rates), failure modes, fatigue and durability aspects of PCSs are presented. Moreover, design approach and dynamic loads are discussed briefly. It is established that a comprehensive research with a focus on material characterisation for concrete sleepers is currently lacking.
Structural and Material Characterisation of Insulated Rail Joints
Authors: N. Zong  , D. Wexler  , M. Dhanasekar
Published: August 2022

Insulated rail joints are designed in a similar way to butt jointed steel structural systems, the difference being a purpose made gap between the main rail members to maintain electrical insulation for the proper functioning of the track circuitry at all times of train operation. When loaded wheels pass the gap, they induce an impact loading with the corresponding strains in the railhead edges exceeding the plastic limit significantly, which lead to metal flow across the gap thereby increasing the risk of short circuiting and impeding the proper functioning of the signalling and broken rail identification circuitries, of which the joints are a critical part. The performance of insulated rail joints under the passage of the wheel loading is complex due to the presence of a number of interacting components and hence is not well understood. This paper presents a dynamic wheel-rail contact-impact modelling method for the determination of the impact loading; a brief description of a field experiment to capture strain signatures for validating the predicted impact loading is also presented. The process and the results of the characterisation of the materials from virgin, in-service and damaged insulated rail joints using neutron diffraction method are also discussed.
Vertical Dynamic Interaction of Trains and Rail Steel Bridges
Authors: Yan Q SUN  , Colin COLE  , Maksym SPIRYAGIN  , Manicka DHANASEKAR
Published: August 2022

Rail steel bridges are vulnerable to high impact forces due to the passage of trains; unfortunately the determination of these transient impact forces is not straightforward as these are affected by a large number of parameters, including the wagon design, the wheel-rail contact and the design parameters of the bridge deck and track, as well as the operational parameters – wheel load and speed. To determine these impact forces, a detailed rail train-track/bridge dynamic interaction model has been developed, which includes a comprehensive train model using multi-body dynamics approach and a flexible track/bridge model using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. Single and multi-span bridges have been modelled to examine their dynamic characteristics. From the single span bridge, the train critical speed is determined; the minimum distance of two peak loadings is found to affect the train critical speed. The impact factor and the dynamic characteristics are discussed.
Sustainability Considerations for Underground Concrete Manholes
Authors: Reem Sabouni
Published: August 2022

Sewer systems enclose one of the harshest environments on concrete materials. These systems if made of concrete are usually accessed for maintenance and inspection by precast concrete manholes. The present design practices of these shafts components in Canada are generally conservative which results in heavily reinforced bases. If verified by full scale testing the code allows the use of alternative manhole design. To produce a more sustainable precast concrete manhole the steel reinforcement has to be minimized or even eliminated altogether if possible. In the course of introducing a more sustainable manhole a full scale load testing of non-reinforced base precast concrete manhole in a controlled laboratory environment was performed under critical configurations of the Ontario truck. This was followed by an extensive numerical investigation on the proposed manhole. The results showed that the proposed sustainable manhole can withstands applied loads without cracks in the shaft or its base. After verifying the structural validity of the proposed manhole design the sustainability of this design was evaluated. Also, a life cycle assessment scheme for precast concrete manholes was proposed. And the sustainability efforts in Precast Concrete manholes were summarizes
Blast Studies on Bridges – A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: T.W.Y. Lua  , Mendis Priyan , Ngo Tuan , Zhang Lihai , Mohotti Damith , M. Sofi
Published: August 2022

Blast events can lead to critical injuries along with heavy casualties in addition to disastrous structural failure, thereby giving rise to detrimental economic and social impacts, both domestically as well as internationally. Bridges, an integral component of a vibrant transportation network, are not only vulnerable to accidental incidents, but also susceptible to deliberate attacks. Blast engineering regarding civil infrastructure, although very crucial in this modern era, has only received rapidly evolving interest in recent time, and many areas in this field, including most of the aspects regarding bridges, demand intensive attention. A state-of-theart review of the previous blast research projects concerning bridges is presented in this paper. The simplistic and advanced theoretical and practical investigation strategies employed are explained, and the distinct assumptions and justifications adopted are highlighted. The blast consequences observed on the individual bridge elements considered are described together with the subsequent impact on the overall integrity of the corresponding bridge systems. The mitigation tactics proposed are discussed, with major emphasis on the functions delivered as well as the inherent effectiveness. Further enquiries to be carried out for the future development of this engineering discipline are also identified.
Design of Steel I-Beams: A Proposed Equation
Authors: E.Y. Sayed-Ahmed  , H.A. Mustafa  , A.A. Elserwi  , A.K. Dessouki
Published: August 2022

Design of laterally unsupported steel I-section beams according to Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) techniques involves usage of multiple equations. According to most codes of practice, three distinct zones are established for the behaviour of laterally unsupported steel beams. Each of these zones is defined by a different design equation. In this paper, a single equation which defines the moment resistance is suggested for the three zones defining the behaviour of laterally unsupported steel beams. Results of the proposed equations are compared to those obtained using the design provisions of the Egyptian, Canadian and American codes of practice (ECP-LRFD 2008, CAN/CSA S16-09 2009 and AISC 2010, respectively). The proposed equation is also verified against results obtained from nonlinear numerical analysis based on the finite element technique for steel I-beams.
Control of wind-Induced Motion of Tall Buildings Using Smart Façade Systems
Authors: A.Azad  , Ngo Tuan , B.Samali
Published: August 2022

The development of non-load bearing curtain walling technology around the turn of the 20th centre along with the effects to reduce the energy consumption of the building and dependence on artificial lightening, as well as the development of high performance glass and efficient building systems has seen architectural trends to move toward maximising glass surface areas in order to optimise natural daylight. This present study shows the potential offaçade systems potential to become an energy absorber of wind-induced vibrations. The façade has been rarely considered or designed as a potential wind-induced vibration absorber for tall buildings in the past. In this paper the potential of utilizing a moveable exterior façade in a double-skin façade is investigated and shown that with optimal choices of materials for stiffness and damping of brackets connecting the two skins, a substantial portion of wind-induced vibration energy can be dissipated which leads to avoiding expensive lateral stiffening systems and/or space consuming large damper systems such as tuned mass or liquid dampers. The work has demonstrated that up to 50% of response caused by winds can be absorbed by a smart and efficient façade design, including purely passive systems with constant stiffness and damping or better, by a smart a system possessing variable stiffness for different phases of façade movement.
Load Testing and In-service Monitoring of Transversely Stressed Deck Unit Bridges
Authors: N.S. Ngo  , T. Pape  , R.P. Kotze  , R.W. Pritchard
Published: August 2022

Transversely stressed precast concrete deck unit bridges are a common type of small and medium span bridge on the Queensland road network. This type of bridge is unique in design featuring transverse posttensioned stressing bars with a low level of prestressing, stiff upright kerb units and no shear keys. Recent structural assessments of these bridge types has yielded varied and at times inconsistent results, with theoretical structural deficiencies identified at odds with the lack of evidence of structural distress, demonstrating acceptable performance. A test program was developed to address this disparity and improve understanding of the structural performance of these bridge types. This included static and dynamic load testing with various vehicle types, and long-term monitoring of the behaviour of a representative bridge under ambient traffic. The test results have enabled improved understanding of the behaviour and true capacity of this bridge type, as well as providing inputs to enable validation of analytical structural modelling techniques.
Recycled glass as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in structural concrete – Effects on compressive strength
Authors: M. Adaway  , Y. Wang
Published: August 2022

Waste management is becoming a major issue for communities worldwide. Glass, being nonbiodegradable, is not suitable for addition to landfill, and as such recycling opportunities need to be investigated. Due to the high material consumption of the construction industry, the utilisation of waste glass as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in structural concrete is particularly attractive. This project aimed to determine the level of glass replacement resulting in optimal compressive strength. Three concrete samples were tested at 7 and 28 days, for glass replacement proportions of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40%. Compressive strength was found to increase up to a level of 30%, at which point the strength developed was 9% and 6% higher than the control after 7 and 28 days respectively. This demonstrates that concrete containing up to 30% fine glass aggregate exhibits higher compressive strength development than traditional concrete.
Structural Damage Identification with Extracted Impulse Response Functions and Optimal Sensor Locations
Authors: Jun Li  , Hong Hao  , XINGYU FAN
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a structural damage identification approach based on the time domain impulse response functions, which are extracted from the measured dynamic responses with the input available. The theoretical sensitivity of the impulse response function with respect to the system stiffness parameters considering the damping model is derived. The first-order sensitivity based model updating technique is performed for the iterative model updating. The initial structural finite element model and acceleration measurements from the damaged structure are required. Local damage is identified as a reduction in the elemental stiffness factors. The impulse response function sensitivity based optimal sensor placement strategy is employed to investigate the best sensor locations for identification. Numerical studies on a beam model are conducted to validate the proposed approach for the extraction of time domain impulse response functions and subsequent damage identification. The simulated damage can be identified effectively and accurately.
Damping of unreinforced masonry walls retrofitted with CFRP
Authors: M.T. Mansourikia  , A. Hoback
Published: August 2022

Seventeen masonry panels were tested with in-plane loading. Three panels were unreinforced. Fourteen panels were reinforced with either CFRP laminate strips or with CFRP fabric sheets. Retrofits were placed either horizontally or diagonally, and on different sets of panels the loading was either monotonic or cyclic. Strength and damping were found. All types of retrofit with all arrangements of reinforcement produced net increases in strength under all loading. The tests showed that the strength was increased more by laminate strips than fabric sheets. However, conflicting previous studies, horizontally reinforced panels had slightly higher damping.
Experimental Investigation on FRC Beams Strengthened with GFRP Laminates
Authors: S. Syed Ibrahim  , S. Eswari  , T. Sundararajan
Published: August 2022

The external bonding of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) to reinforced concrete (RC) members has become a popular method of retrofitting/strengthening concrete structures in recent years. Extensive research has been conducted pertaining to RC beams strengthened with FRP laminates. However, the experimental studies on fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) beams strengthened using externally bonded FRP system are limited. The purpose of this research is to investigate the behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams strengthened with glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates. The beam specimens were incorporated with 1.0% volume fraction of short-steel fibres randomly distributed throughout the section. The beam cross-section was 150 mm wide and 250 mm deep and to a length of 3000 mm. All the beams were tested until failure. The study parameters of this investigation included service load, ultimate load, ductility, crack width and failure modes. Beams tested for this investigation consisted of reference (RC) beam, GFRP laminated RC beam, SFRC beam, and GFRP laminated SFRC beam. The test results showed that the SFRC beams strengthened with GFRP laminates exhibited better performance.
High-Rise Buildings with Transfer Floors: Linear Versus Nonlinear Seismic Analysis
Authors: Y.M. Abdlebasset  , E.Y. Sayed-Ahmed  , S. A. Mourad
Published: August 2022

In many high-rise buildings, architectural requirements may result in a variable configuration for the vertical structural elements between the stories of the building. To accommodate such vertical elements’ discontinuity, a "transfer" floor conveying vertical and lateral loads between upper and lower stories must be introduced. A drawback of the transfer floor is the sudden change in the building's lateral stiffness at its level: the structure becomes susceptible to the formation of a soft-storey mechanism under moderate to severe earthquakes. These buildings generally showed conventional elastic behaviour for frequent earthquake but suffer extensive crack in the vicinity of the transfer floors for rare earthquake. For design purposes, current numerical modelling of high-rise building adopts reduced stiffness for the vertical elements for strength analysis and full stiffness for serviceability and drift analysis: a tradition that needs to be verified. A 3-D numerical model is built-up for a high-rise building with such vertical irregularities and analysed using elastic response spectrum and nonlinear time-history analysis techniques. The effect of the transfer floors on the buildings’ drift and seismic-generated internal forces is investigated where judgment for adopting a full or reduced stiffness for the vertical elements is scrutinized.
Residual Strength of Blended Cement Pastes and Mortar Exposed to Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Hyuk Lee  , Vanissorn Vimonsatit  , Prinya Chindaprasirt
Published: August 2022

This paper presents the outcome of a series of tests to determine properties of blended cement pastes and mortar mixtures using Taguchi’s design of experiment approach. Fly ash (FA), water to cementitious material ratio (w/c), superplasticiser (SP) and sand to cementitious material ratio (s/c) are the main parameters considered. Mixture samples were tested at varying temperatures up to 800oC. The ANOVA results and regression analysis show that an increase in FA content and w/c ratio lead to a decrease in the density of blended cement. For compressive strength development, an increase in FA content and s/c ratio decreased the compressive strength development. Within the tested levels of the parameters, the optimum mix to achieve the highest compressive strength of blended cement mixtures is 20% of FA content, 1.5 of s/c ratio, 0.35 of w/c ratio and 0.2% of SP. Increasing the content of FA and SP improved the overall residual strength, and the optimum mix design to achieve the highest residual strength is 20% of FA, 1.5 of s/c ratio, 0.35 of w/c ratio and 0.2 of SP. Based on all the test results, an empirical formula for predicting residual strength of blended cement paste and mortar is proposed.
The Effect of Column Location and Bracing on Progressive Collapse of Steel Structures
Authors: M. Hosseini  , P. Beiranvand  , M. R. Dadgar  , M.Zarei
Published: August 2022

During their service lives, the buildings may be exposed with natural or human-made threats. Considering the shock nature of the  loads caused by explosions or seismic events, it is likely that columns are eliminated suddenly when being subject to these loads and lose their bearing capacity. Some structural ele-ments are particularly important to reduce collapse progressive mechanism. Bracing elements are thought to be effective in preventing structural collapse. Among modern bracing types, buckling restrained brace (BRB) is a type of bracing commonly used in structures. These kinds of braces have similar behavior in tension and compression. Therefore they have high likelihood of attracting energy through submitting brace in tension and compression and are commonly known as hysteretic dampers. This paper investigates the performance of structures after middle and corner column eliminated and how the presence of braces redirect the load path preventing total collapse of the structure. Pushover analysis is used on a steel structure that is equipped with BRB. The structure is designed based on the sixth and tenth chapters of Iranian National Building Regulations.
Effects of Nano-Materials on Key Properties of Cementitious Composites: A Review
Authors: S. Sakir  , S. N. Raman  , M. Safiuddin  , A. B. M. A. Kaish  , K. Tamanna  , A. A. Mutalib
Published: August 2022

Cement production industry is one of the largest industries, which is becoming one of the biggest environmental concerns of the world. About 6% of the global CO2 emission comes from this industry. An improvement in cement quality and application process can result in a lot of savings in terms of resources and environmental pollution without hindering developmental needs. A detailed knowledge of the crystal structure of cement hydration products and advanced instrumentations to observe its nano-structure enables researchers and practitioners to undertake nano-modification of cementitious composites. To enhance binder characteristics, improving the nano-level fault is the new trend among the cement and concrete researchers. In this quest, many studies have been conducted by incorporating nano-scaled materials with cement, and observing their effects on the hydration products. To conduct meaningful research in cement and concrete technology, the researchers first need to know the existing knowledge gap and the current developments in this field. This study is an effort to bring the major recent findings together, identifying the gaps and providing the directions for future studies on the application of nano-materials in cementitious composites. This will help the experts to get an outline of this field and also set their goals according to their requirements.
Minimum Longitudinal Reinforcement Requirements for Boundary Elements of Limited Ductile Walls for AS 3600
Authors: R.D. Hoult
Published: August 2022

Observations of poor performance of reinforced concrete walls in recent earthquake events have been associated with a light amount of longitudinal reinforcement. In particular, single-crack failures have been observed for reinforced concrete walls that have an insufficient amount of longitudinal reinforcement to allow secondary cracking. It has been proposed that the next revision of the Concrete Structures code in Australia (AS 3600) increase the current minimum longitudinal reinforcement required for limited ductile reinforced concrete walls to mitigate against this type of failure in the event of a large earthquake. This research investigates the current and proposed longitudinal reinforcement requirements of AS 3600. A reinforced concrete wall is analysed using a state-of-the-art finite element modelling program for a range of different longitudinal reinforcement configurations. The wall detailed to the minimum longitudinal reinforcement requirements proposed for the next revision of AS 3600, which requires boundary elements, was found to allow secondary cracking and using less bars than a wall with distributed reinforcement. The displacement capacities of the walls that formed secondary cracks are found to be limited unless transverse reinforcement is used to confine the longitudinal reinforcement in the boundary ends of the wall.