bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Character Association in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Kumar H. , Kumar A. , Gupta S. , Gupta V. , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: September 2021

An experiment was undertaken to examine the yield potential and genetic parameters of Indian mustard through yield and yield contributing traits in the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. Twenty-five mustard genotypes were assessed for nine agro-morphological traits during Rabi 2018-19. Phenotypic data were subjected to analysis of variance, pairwise mean comparison, genetic parameter studies, and association analysis using R-Packages 1.5,  STAR 2.0.1, and SPAR 2.0 Package. The evaluated germplasm had ample genetic variability for studied traits and trait-specific genotypes have been identified. The trait seed yield showed higher heritability coupled with higher genetic advance as percent of the mean (99% and 70.41) followed by the number of SB (98% and 65.57) and TSW (100% and 62.50) are more authentic for selecting the leading genotype. The association studies revealed a significant and positive correlation of seed yield with the number of siliquae per plant (0.346), siliquae length (0.333), and 1000 seed-weight (0.237) at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. The lines Maya, RH 119, IC 571649, Durgamini, and IC 447111 showed better performance and produced higher seed yields in the Bundelkhand region. These identified genotypes having desirable trait combinations may be utilized for creating variability to develop location-specific cultivars.
Assessment of Gypsum as a Soil Ameliorant on Salt-affected Soils in the Ho-Keta Plain of the Volta Region, Ghana
Authors: Sackey L. , Osei E. , Bennoah E. O. , Tettey A.
Published: September 2021

Aims: To assess the effectiveness of Gypsum as a chemical ameliorant on three selected salt-affected soils of the Ho-Keta plain, in the Volta region of Ghana.

Study Design:  Complete Randomized Design.

Place and Duration of Study:  Soil Research Institute, Kwadaso, Kumasi between June 2014 and July 2019.

Methodology: Soil sampling was taken in two forms. The initial sampling was taken at a depth of 0-30 cm from Anyako, Anyenui and Atiehife for the soil physical and chemical analysis. Samples were further taken from profiles, composited and sub-sampled for the leaching experiment. Approximately 2.6 kg of the soil samples from the different sites were taken, mixed thoroughly with different rates 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of Gypsum, (CaSO4.2H2O) and filled into fifteen perforated polyvinyl plastic pots and replicated four times. The pots were saturated with water, incubated for 24 h and leached intermittently with 120 mL distilled water for a period of four weeks.

Results: Significant displacement of Na+ by Ca2+ and subsequently leached became evident in the reduced values recorded for pH, EC and SAR. The applied gypsum reduced pH within a range of 4.0 to 4.2 compared to the original soil with no significant differences among the treatments at p = 0.05. Though a similar trend was observed for EC, significant difference at p = 0.05 was observed at gypsum level above 50%. Sodium adsorption ratio recorded a marked difference as gypsum level was varied with significant difference at p = 0.05 compare to the control.  

Conclusion: The study revealed that gypsum rates at 75% and 100% Gypsum requirement were effective in improving the chemical properties of the soils with significant reductions in salinity, sodicity and pH. Atiehife soil performed better compared to Anyenui and Anyako soils.
Evaluation of OSPE in Medical Laboratory Sciences Department: Post- Examinations Quality Metrics
Authors: Alsagheer Amira Salem , Waggas Dania , Hassanien Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Assessment plays a major role in improving the learning and teaching process. The practical examination has a key role in the assessment of students' competences. In conventional method, the judgment of students' performances is mainly subjective because the same performance of students is graded differently by different examiners. Successful implementation of OSPE deals with this major deficit of the conventional methods

Assessing the assessment is very important because the implementation of OSPEs are very complex and resource intensive, as it needs large numbers of examiners, candidates and physical resources and equipment as well as time.

Assurance of sufficient quality of OSPEs by a range of metrics that gives us critical view about the assessment process as a whole, rather than focusing on candidate outcomes only.

Objectives of the study: The objectives of this study were

To evaluate OSPEs conducted by Medical laboratory sciences department in Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences(FCMS) with regards to their quality metrics as an assessment tool.

Results: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted in Medical Laboratory Sciences Department Practical Examinations at FCMS

Before OSPE conduction, the different stations were revised for criteria of content coverage, skills assessed, clarity of language, dominant domain assessed, and time allocated for each station. Post examinations quality metrics results showed that the reliability of the different examination in Medical Laboratory Sciences department ranged from 0.75 to 0.93 that mean good to excellent reliability. One OSPE showed that one or two stations didn't contribute to the overall all reliability of the whole exam. All OSPEs showed that there are good positive correlation between the theoretical and practical part of the course, and this come with the concurrent evidence of validity.
Effect of Warm Epsom Salt Pack over Knee Osteoarthritis-A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rajasekharan Ranjini , Dinesh Sujatha , Shetty Prashanth
Published: September 2021

Aims: Osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis which commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the knee, hip, spine, and joints.  Since the effectiveness of conventional medicine on severe types of osteoarthritis is surgical intervention, the patients are seeking alternative medicine. A warm Epsom salt pack is used commonly for pains over joints. Hence this study is undertaken.

Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Naturopathy, SDM College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, between November 2019 and January2020.

Methodology: From the inpatient department of Shri Dharmasthala Yoga and Nature cure Hospital Shanthivana, hundred subjects diagnosed with osteoarthritis belonging to the age groupof35to75yearswererecruitedandwererandomlyallocated to case (Warm Epsom salt pack) and control group. Subjects were assessed for Goniometry, Visual analog scale (VAS), Shortform-12(SF-12), Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index Scale (WOMAC) before and after the intervention of 20 minutes.

Results: The study was done to evaluate the effect of Warm Epsom salt on Knee Osteoarthritis. There were 100 subjects in the sample. Shapiro-Wilk’s test/Quantile-Quantile (QQ) plot was used to check the normality of variables. In study group there was a significant decrease in Goniometry (p=<0.0001), SF 12 (p=<0.0001), WOMAC (P=<0.0001).  In the control group, other than VAS there were no significant changes in other variables (Goniometry, WOMAC, SF-12).

Conclusion: Our study indicates that a warm Epsom salt pack may reduce pain, stiffness, range of motion, and improves the quality of life. The study revealed that Warm Epsom salt reduced Range of motion from 172.94 to 134.5, WOMAC from 65.94 to 26.38, and Quality of life from 33.98 to 31.22. Results reveal with significant improvement (p<0.001) in pain, swelling, and quality of life.
Prevalence of Psoriasis Vulgaris and Its Associated Risk Factors in Pakistan
Authors: Sohail Syeda Ujala , Iqbal Nasima , Kumar Ashok , Fatimee Sarwath , Khan Ayesha , Nangrejo Ruqaya
Published: September 2021

Aim: To find out the prevalence of psoriasis vulgaris and its associated risk factors.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional.

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Rawalpindi Leprosy Hospital during January 2019 to December 2019.

Methodology: The diagnosed cases of Psoriasis Vulgaris (PsV) were included in the study. All the patients were investigated on the basis of an in depth Performa. The Performa include all the relevant clinical and family history of the patient along with the personal details. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. All the numerical variables were presented as mean with standard deviation while categorical data as frequency and percentages. The association of risk factors with the Psoriasis was calculated by using the Chi-square test. p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: Mean age with standard deviation of patients was 34.7±14. Most of the diagnosed patients were male and below 40 years of age, only 4.2% cases were having positive family history of Psoriasis and found significant correlation. The frequency of onset of symptoms in adolescent was more as compared to childhood i.e. 95.3% and 4.7% respectively. Majority of psoriasis cases (65.3%) were from non-smoker group and having strong association with smoking. The frequency of arthritis among psoriasis patients was 23.7% and majority of the patients, who developed arthritis were those having age <40 year and were suffering from psoriasis since 5-10 years.

Conclusion: Current study concluded that Psoriasis vulgar is having higher prevalence rate among male and below 40 years of age group. The results also suggested a strong association of severity of psoriasis with certain risk factors including family history, age of onset of symptoms, smoking and arthritis.
Mouth Dissolving Film of Domperidone: An approach towards Formulation and its Evaluation
Authors: Jadhav Khanderao , Jadhav Shivraj , Sonawane Deepak , Somvanshi Deepak , Shah Hina , Khairnar Hitesh
Published: September 2021

The objective of the current work is to formulate and evaluate the mouth dissolving film of domperidone. It is ideally suitable for the treatment of emesis. The mouth dissolving film of domperidone is useful in the vomiting through the journey. Mouth dissolving films were formulated by the solvent casting technique and its in-vitro as well as the in-vivo evaluation was done by the usual pharmacopoeial and unofficial tests and by using human volunteers. The main benefit of the preparation technique includes fewer operation units, better content consistency. The mouth dissolving film formed was found to be disintegrated in 1 minute. The ratio of components in the aqueous phase affected the thickness, drug content, tensile strength, percentage elongation, folding endurance, and release profile of mouth dissolving film and the best results were obtained for the HPMC E15 and polyethyleneglycol. The compatibility between domperidone and excipients was confirmed by FTIR and DSC studies. The developed mouth dissolving film of domperidone demonstrated usefulness for fast release of drug in mouth, for better drug utilization, and improved patient compliance. The optimized formulation, due to low HPMC E15 content, has optimum tensile strength and thickness. Formulation F8 containing HPMC E15 and PG showed a cumulative % drug release of 95.10 at the end of 12 minutes. HPMC E15 films showed higher cumulative % drug release than films of other HPMC E grades at different concentrations. It was found to be stable during the accelerated stability study. The effect of different concentrations of polymers and plasticizers on in-vitro evaluation parameters was evaluated. Hence, data showed that formulation F8 was the most suitable for the development of fast dissolving oral films of domperidone.
Congestive Cardiac Failure: A Case Report
Authors: Vanlalsawmi Julie , Mendhe Deeplata , Wankhede Pratibha
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF) is an anomalous clinical condition involving insufficient heart pumping and filling. Cardiac failure causes the heart to be unable to provide enough blood to meet the tissue's oxygen needs. Heart disease is the most common explanation why older people are admitted to hospitals or are in need of palliation. This puts a huge economic strain on the health care system. The dynamic, progressive nature of heart failure also leads to poor results, with hospital readmissions being the costliest. About half of those patient die within 5 years after diagnosis.

Case presentation [1]: A male patient of 62years from Aarvi Naka was admitted to Medicine Intensive Care Unit (MICU), AVBRH on 11th January 2020 with a known case of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy which was diagnosed itself at AVBRH on 22nd October 2018 and a known case of diabetes and hypertension for 10 years. My patient was brought to AVBRH Emergency Unit on 11th January 2020 with a chief complaint of breathlessness for 2 days, sweating over both feet for 5 days and generalized weakness for 2 weeks. He was having difficulty in breathing for about 2 days which eventually become severe on 11th January 2020 evening and was brought immediately to AVBRH and got admitted on the same day. The patient was delirious and vomit two times on admission.
Comparison of Prescribing Errors in Different Wards of Tertiary Care Hospital before and after Implementation of CPOE System
Authors: Qureshi Imran , Baig Mirza Tasawer , Shahid Uzma , Huma Ambreen , Jabeen Aisha , Lodhi Muneeza , Shah Aslam , Soomro Hirra , Mehdi Muhammad Asad , Sajid Asma
Published: September 2021

Background: Medication prescribing errors were always known as inevitable errors in health care system which mainly includes physician’s writing error which then leads to wrong dispensing error. Manual Prescribing has now shifted to CPOE System that seems to be more efficient. Through this system, it is believed that quality and patient security is improved by lessening medicine and different mistakes at various phases of the request the board procedure and by maintaining a strategic reserve from repetitive testing. This Study was conducted to compare the prescribing errors in different hospital wards of a tertiary care hospital for in-patients by using two approaches; Manual Prescribing and CPOE System Prescribing.

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on manual prescriptions for three months and on CPOE prescriptions for three months. In this way a total of 4102 prescriptions were evaluated for different types of prescribing errors occurred in different wards. Whole study was conducted on In-patients from all the wards in the hospital except Emergency and OPD patients.

Results and Discussion: The results showed that the maximum number of manual prescription errors were found in Medical ICU ward, while prescribing errors for CPOE setup were found comparatively at higher rate in Medicinal ward. It was also found that maximum frequency of prescribing errors were found in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in both the settings; CPOE System and Manual Prescribing

Conclusion: It was concluded that CPOE system is helpful for reducing prescribing errors but it must be supervised by pharmacists to overcome potential errors.
Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies of Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy: An Observational Study from South India
Authors: Chandra S. Nigama , Rao A. Anka , Rao S. N. G. Koteswara , Umasankar K. , Reddy A. R. Rajasekhar
Published: September 2021

Objective: The present observational study describes the natural course of clinical features, family history, and diagnosis pattern and treatment strategies in rare genetic disorder, Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD).

Research Design: Observational study

Methods: Clinically/Immunohistochemically/genetically confirmed LGMD patients diagnosed between February 2019 and March 2021 were ambispectively included. The primary outcomes, secondary outcomes such as clinical presentations, behavioral problems, diagnosis pattern and treatment strategies were studied. A correlation of primary outcomes and steroid, non-steroid regimens were achieved. The demographic data was expressed using descriptive statistics mean ± standard deviation [SD].  The significance level was fixed at α = 0.05

Results: 300 LGMD patients were included, out of which 272 patients participated in the study. The mean onset age of symptoms was 8-21 years (13.7 ± 1.9). The mean age of wheelchair bound was found to be between 18 years to 37 years (25.23±1.4) in 123 patients. Bedbound status was attained in 22 patients with a mean age between 18 to 49 years (27.5±2). 7 patients reported death during the study phase with a mean age of 39.2±2.4 (38-45). Comparatively, both steroid and non-steroid regimens using patients exhibited loss of ambulation at 38 years of age. The disease confirmation reported was primarily by clinical examinations (89%) and genetic testing was of minimal number (22%).

Conclusion: The outcome measures in the large cohort is similar to that of the Western population despite variability in medical prudence. The contemporary observational study adds to the real-world evidence in approaching better research strategies to treat the LGMD community.
Study on Radionuclides from Soil to Onion at Johor and Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Yussuf N. M. , Saeed M. A. , Wagiran H. , Hossain I.
Published: September 2021

In this report, the radiological survey of radioactivity measurements in soil and onion and their mobility is carried out which is very important in the environment and several scientific fields. The measurements about the concentrations of activity in soil, leaves and bulbs for onion in the location of Johor and Perak, Malaysia have been carried out using neutron activation analysis (NAA) of TRIGA MARK II research reactor facilities at Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Malaysia. The transfer factors (TFs) of 238U, 232Th and 40K from 6 different natural background soils are studied from soil to onion under natural field conditions. The TFs for onion leaves and bulb are in the range of (6.01-79.2) x 10-3, (1.21-61.4) x 10-3, (1.012-4.265) x 10-1 and 0.028-0.334, 0.017-0.293 and (0.908 -3.685) x10-1for 238U, 232Th, and 40K respectively. There exists a linearity correlation between the dose rate as well as activity concentration of the soils. The observed transfer factor of onion bulbs was usually higher than in leaves.
PROPOSIÇÃO DE UMA METODOLOGIA ESTRUTURADA DE AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL REGIONAL DE REÚSO DE ÁGUA: 04 – FUTURO E DESAFIOS
Authors: Lima Maíra Araújo de Mendonça , Santos Ana Silvia Pereira , Avelar Pablo da Silva , Silva Junior Luis Carlos Soares da , Araujo  Bruna Magalhães de , Gonçalves Ricardo Franci , Vieira José Manuel Pereira
Published: September 2021

Na sequência do conteúdo apresentado pelas Notas Técnicas 01, 02 e 03, a presente tem como objetivo elencar e discutir os diversos desafios e tendências sobre a aplicação, sistematização e institucionalização da prática de reúso de água no Brasil. Em linhas gerais, a própria condição brasileira de país em desenvolvimento já carrega uma série de desafios relacionados diretamente à prestação de serviços de saneamento e, consequentemente, ao reúso de água. No diálogo internacional, mais avançado, os desafios e tendências são ainda mais proeminentes e, nesse contexto, o Brasil ainda precisa vencer etapas internas de desenvolvimento, mudança de paradigma e modernização do setor para alcançar os objetivos de reúso de maneira segura e responsável, preservando o meio ambiente, os recursos hídricos e a saúde da população. Muitos desses desafios internos podem ser transpostos por meio de implantação e operação de projeto piloto anteriormente à instalação do empreendimento definitivo de reúso e da conscientização de todos os envolvidos, tais como gestores e tomadores de decisão, operadores de sistemas de reúso de água e a sociedade civil como um todo. Essa conscientização pode ser aplicada em contexto de capacitação continuada, com objetivo de transformação e estabelecimento de uma cultura de uso racional e reúso de água, inclusive com a abordagem do projeto piloto como objeto dessa transformação.
O percurso da classe trabalhadora: um materialismo geográfico na obra engelsiana
Authors: Ribeiro Cláudio Rezende
Published: September 2021

O artigo debate a originalidade dos textos de Engels para a construção do materialismo histórico e sua atualidade para o entendimento de questões classistas. Percorre algumas de suas obras e explora as contribuições sobre questões espaciais a partir de um duplo ponto de vista. Primeiramente, seus conteúdos históricos sobre a urbanização capitalista industrial que influenciam inúmeras obras atuais; em segundo lugar, sua contribuição metodológica estruturante para a demarcação da teoria social classista, também presente em Marx, e que pode ser considerada como um materialismo geográfico. Este conteúdo e metodologia seguem atuais no debate sobre a definição da classe trabalhadora contemporânea.
A educação russa no período revolucionário: reflexões introdutórias acerca das tarefas táticas do professor hoje
Authors: Luz Greycianne Felix Cavalcante , Barroso Maria Cleide da Silva , Holanda Francisca Helena de Oliveira
Published: September 2021

Esta pesquisa traz para o centro do debate a discussão da educação russa no período revolucionário, destacando-se Krupskaia, a pedagogia socialista e a reflexão tática do professor inspirada nesse momento histórico. Para tanto, tem-se como objetivo geral: analisar a importância da educação russa na história da educação, a importância de pesquisas e análises de textos que mostrem a educação de outro tipo, como também, pensar táticas que os docentes podem utilizar para a educação. A metodologia foi constituída de um estudo teórico com revisão bibliográfica de autores citados no corpo do texto. Por fim, apresenta-se ao final do texto, após incursão histórica, a importância do papel social do professor crítico e suas possibilidades de atuação em uma prática com táticas/ações revolucionárias.
Implicações políticas da educação física na constelação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular
Authors: Pessoa Felipe De Marco , Marcassa Luciana Pedrosa
Published: September 2021

O artigo analisa a inserção da Educação Física na formulação da BNCC da educação infantil e ensino fundamental. O objetivo é discutir as implicações políticas da construção ativa desta política a partir de depoimentos de especialistas que participaram do processo. Concluímos que a aposta nos avanços conquistados pela incorporação, ao documento, de termos oriundos do paradigma cultural revelou-se prejudicada em face dos determinantes políticos e econômicos da BNCC, e que os avanços foram muito parciais, podendo, ao contrário, gerar retrocessos em virtude da adoção acrítica daquelas expressões sem uma rigorosa compreensão dos seus significados.
Princípios histórico-culturais para a organização de formações docentes continuadas concretas
Authors: Santos Marília Alves dos , Asbahr Flávia da Silva Ferreira
Published: September 2021

Fundamentada na Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi definir princípios orientadores para a organização de formações docentes continuadas concretas. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma formação de professoras na qual se estudou a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, sendo os dados coletados analisados à luz da dialética Singular-Particular-Universal. Como resultado foi possível definir os princípios, que versam sobre: a unidade teoria-prática; a unidade afeto-cognição; a satisfação de necessidades formativas; a transformação de sentidos pessoais; o caráter grupal do processo formativo; a tríade forma-conteúdo-destinatário como orientadora da formação.
Por uma formação histórico-crítica de pedagogos educadores ambientais na universidade
Authors: Moraes Marcela Agudo , Tozoni-Reis Marília Freitas de Campos
Published: September 2021

A educação ambiental é um campo de pesquisa e prática pedagógica consolidado no Brasil, suas várias perspectivas fundamentam diferentes compreensões quanto a função social da escola, da formação de professores, da relação conteúdo e forma no trabalho docente e da organização escolar. Assim, debatemos diferentes modelos e tendências do campo da formação de professores, compreendendo a intencionalidade e a tendência pedagógica que os envolvem. A partir disso, defendemos a formação dos pedagogos educadores ambientais enquanto militantes culturais comprometidos politicamente com a classe trabalhadora e com a formação aprofundada dos conteúdos científicos, artísticos e filosóficos, de maneira crítica.
Marx e o antropoceno: discussão teórico conceitual de um problema contemporâneo
Authors: Domenech Colacios Roger , Silva de Andrade Santiago
Published: September 2021

Este artigo analisa as possibilidades de compreensão do antropoceno tendo em vista as proposições teóricas de Marx e Engels e do marxismo em geral. A noção de antropoceno surgiu no meio acadêmico no início do século XXI e até hoje é debatido entre várias áreas de conhecimento, linhas teóricas, autores, sendo que cada um reivindica uma definição ou mesmo a mudança de nome, ainda hoje não houve consenso na sua definição. O marxismo também contribuiu com as discussões a respeito desse termo, procurando entender a capacidade crítica dessa nova era, caso aceita pela comunidade científica. Em nossa análise de Marx, Engels e de alguns autores marxistas, observa-se que as interpretações mais populares sobre o antropoceno se afastam ou até negam a teoria e práxis revolucionária. Sob a ótica marxista, o antropoceno apresenta-se apenas como portador de reformas do capitalismo, sem avançar na discussão da sua superação.
Marx e a questão ambiental: caminhos e fronteiras
Authors: Leal Silva Yan Victor , Dos Santos Warlen Nunes , Thé Ana Paula Glinfskoi
Published: September 2021

Resumo: Este artigo busca investigar as contribuições e as implicações metodológicas de Marx e da tradição marxista para pensar a questão ambiental. Tratamos de indicar as aproximações entre a problemática ambiental e os textos de Marx. A partir desse apanhado, tentamos contestar as posições que identificamos como equivocadas. Por meio desse exercício, o artigo: i) identifica que as raízes da problemática de dominação da natureza não se resolvem apenas com uma preocupação epistemológica; ii) problematiza a noção de que para Marx haveria uma relação automática entre progresso econômico e social; iii) propõem uma reflexão que pretende equacionar: questão camponesa, tradição marxista e estudos socioambientais.
Imperialismo verde: novas dominações em novos tempos
Authors: Monteiro Stelitano Medeiros Amanda , Gonçalves Ribeiro Gabriel
Published: September 2021

As transformações dos diferentes ciclos de capital e poder levaram à organização hierárquica, expansionista e competitiva entre os Estados inseridos na dinâmica capitalista liberal. A imposição da supremacia e a reafirmação de poder dos impérios capitalistas se expande para além das transações financeiras e comerciais; englobando as estruturas políticas e militares, ideológicas, sociais e ecológicas como meios de manutenção dos grandes impérios. O objetivo deste trabalho se dá ao estabelecer a relação entre a dominação internacional e teorias do imperialismo na área ambiental através dos conceitos essenciais apresentados.
Marx e Engels: a relação intelectual revisitada a partir de uma perspectiva ecológica
Authors: Saito Kohei
Published: September 2021

O Marxismo Ocidental assume frequentemente a divisão intelectual do trabalho entre Marx e Engels. Conforme tal perspectiva, este último especializou-se no campo da “natureza”, enquanto o primeiro analisou particularmente a “sociedade” humana. No entanto, este binário natureza-sociedade não se sustenta mais: novos materiais publicados recentemente pelo projeto Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (Mega) mostram que Marx também estudou de modo intenso as ciências naturais, principalmente em seus últimos anos de vida. Porém, houve uma tentativa de Engels em subestimar a importância da pesquisa científica natural de Marx. Estimulado pelas expressivas discussões sobre a ecologia de Marx entre os ecossocialistas, este artigo visa explicitar o escopo teórico da crítica ecológica de Marx ao capitalismo com base no projeto Mega. Em contraste com John Bellamy Foster e Paul Burkett, que não reconhecem nenhuma diferença significativa entre Marx e Engels no que diz respeito à ecologia, argumentamos que através da Mega é possível identificar elementos únicos da ecologia de Marx que são distintas daquelas apresentadas por Engels em aspectos centrais. A crítica ecológica de Engels, desenvolvida principalmente em A ideologia alemã e no Manifesto comunista, durante a década de 1840, permaneceu dentro do esquema do “antagonismo entre a cidade e o campo”, e esta perspectiva foi mantida em Dialética da natureza e no Anti-Dühring na década de 1870. Por outro lado, Marx, depois de ler a sétima edição de Agricultural Chemistry de Justus von Liebig em 1865/66, desenvolveu sua teoria da “ruptura metabólica”, que vai para além da ideia bastante estática do “antagonismo entre a cidade e o campo”. Após 1868, Marx estudou ainda mais entusiasticamente várias disciplinas das ciências naturais, como química, geologia e botânica, a fim de examinar a (in)sustentabilidade do modo de produção capitalista, cujo desejo ilimitado de valorização do capital acentua de forma inevitável graves desequilíbrios em várias esferas do planeta. Particularmente, os cadernos de excertos sobre as obras de Carl Fraas e Joseph Beete Juke documentam que os interesses ecológicos de Marx estiveram sempre expansão até o último momento de sua vida. Marx não foi capaz de integrar seus novos conhecimentos de ciências naturais, mas hoje o projeto Mega finalmente lança mais luz sobre esses aspectos ecológicos desconhecidos da crítica de Marx à economia política.
Ecossocialismo: o que é, por que precisamos dele, como chegar lá
Authors: Löwy Michael
Published: September 2021

O ecossocialismo busca fornecer uma alternativa civilizatória radical, fundada nos argumentos básicos do movimento ecológico e na crítica marxista da economia política. Ele opõe, ao progresso destrutivo capitalista, que está levando o mundo a uma catástrofe ecológica sem precedente, uma política fundada em critérios não-mercantis: as necessidades sociais e o equilíbrio ecológico. O ecosocialismo é, ao mesmo tempo, uma estratégia política anticapitalista, que busca a convergência das lutas sociais e ecológicas
Marx, a questão ambiental e o capitalismo no século XXI: os desafios da classe trabalhadora
Authors: Bogo Ademar
Published: September 2021

A Revista Germinal, no segundo número de 2021, abre o debate sobre o “Marxismo e a questão ambiental” com a entrevista de Ademar Bogo. Instigante e provocativo, o convidado discute as relações entre ser humano e natureza em Marx; as contradições estruturais do capital, suas imbricações com a crise ambiental e a organização da classe trabalhadora; as revoluções socialistas do século XX e os impasses ambientais impostos pelo capitalismo; a ofensiva do agronegócio, o negacionismo, a ciência e os desafios à reprodução da vida humana na atualidade.
Imigração no Brasil e o processo de escolarização para as crianças e adolescentes imigrantes
Authors: Roldão Sandra Felicio , De Lima Ferreira Jacques , Branco Veronica
Published: September 2021

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma investigação de abordagem qualitativado tipo estado da arte sobre a imigração no Brasil e sua relação com o processode escolarização da criança e do adolescente imigrante. A pesquisavisa mapear e analisar os resultados das pesquisas acadêmicas, teses e dissertaçõespublicadas nos anos de 2013 a 2018 que abordaram a temática daimigração no Brasil, além de identificar quais destas trataram do processode escolarização para as crianças e adolescentes imigrantes. Como objeto deanálise, foram selecionadas na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações 63pesquisas, que foram analisadas a partir da técnica de Análise de Conteúdodiante da perspectiva de Bardin (2011). Os dados apontam que o imigranteé vítima de racismo, preconceito, xenofobia e estigmas por uma parcela dasociedade receptora e são alvos de exploração de mão de obra, estando porvezes, em situação de escravidão ou análogo à escravidão. Em conseguinte,a falta de políticas públicas e legislações efetivas agravam essa situação.Os dados também revelaram que outra parcela da sociedade receptora estabeleceredes de solidariedade e apoio à população imigrante, no acolhimentona nova terra e na orientação de seus direitos. Outrossim, evidencia-se que avalorização do idioma, da cultura e da identidade do imigrante se intensificamapós o percurso migratório. Em relação ao processo de escolarização dacriança e do adolescente imigrante, o estado da arte revelou restrita produçãoacadêmica, evidenciando um campo emergente de pesquisa, que proporcioneaos imigrantes “vez” e “voz” em seu processo de escolarização.
Saberes e práticas docentes na formação continuada: análises de teses da Colômbia
Authors: Veiga Célia de Fátima Rosa da , Kucybala Fabíola dos Santos , Felicetti Vera Lucia
Published: September 2021

RESUMO: O artigo apresenta uma reflexão acerca da importância da formaçãode professores para a qualificação dos saberes e práticas pedagógicas, alémda construção da identidade profissional e o reconhecimento dos discursosdocentes, a partir de discussões propostas no âmbito do Grupo de EstudosRelacionados ao Estudante (Geres2). Foram analisadas 123 teses de Programasde Pós-Graduação de Instituições de Educação Superior da Colômbia,defendidas no período de 2006 a 2019, em cinco universidades daquele país.Verificou-se, na análise das teses, o crescente interesse existente em tornodos saberes teóricos, práticos e experienciais dos docentes, bem como arelação que a pesquisa estabelece entre o conhecimento dos professores esuas práticas em diferentes contextos educativos. Igualmente, é possível observaro interesse por centrar a investigação nas realidades e problemáticaspresentes na Educação Superior e Básica, considerando tais investigações egraus de ensino campo propício para gerar propostas e transformações naspolíticas educativas da Colômbia.
Rediscovering Sabina
Authors: Sandle Rod
Published: September 2021

Terror arises on the one hand from the fear of death and on the other the passion for life. In working with terror as it manifests in the transference, a challenge for the practitioner is to maintain homeostasis in its physical, intellectual, emotional and relational aspects, as terror is a strong force for tipping the balance of emotional regulation with consequences mentally and physically. This paper will explore this challenge, starting by going back to the roots of psychoanalysis and a paper written by Sabina Spielrein in 1912: “Destruction as the Cause of Coming into Being.” Building on Spielrein’s work, it will attempt to deepen understanding of her theory linking terror to the primitive sexual transference. Of particular interest is the recognition of dissociation in both patient and practitioner and working with it in the therapeutic relationship. The presence of terror and dissociation in the wider community, both currently and historically, is touched on.
"Fear of Breakdown"
Authors: O'Connor John
Published: September 2021

In this paper the author proposes that a central task of psychotherapeutic work is to “stay close to the terror,” particularly when working with those patients whose inner world is populated by often dissociated states of traumatic horror. The paper explores a range of psychoanalytic, Jungian, and trauma theory that might assist in guiding psychotherapists regarding how we might engage with this central task, particularly given the often terrifying intrapsychic, interpsychic, and interpersonal disturbances such therapeutic work entails, for both patient and therapist.
An iterative algorithm for regret minimization in flexible demand scheduling problems
Authors: Dong Zihang , Angeli David , De Paola Antonio , Strbac Goran
Published: September 2021

A major challenge to develop optimal strategies for allocation of flexible demand toward the smart grid paradigm is the uncertainty associated with the real‐time price and electricity demand. This article presents a regret‐based model and a novel iterative algorithm which solves the minimax regret optimization problem. This algorithms exhibits low computational burden compared with traditional linear programming methods and affords iterative convergence through updates of feasible power schedules, thus enabling a scalable parallel implementation for large device populations. Specifically, our approach seeks to minimize the induced worst‐case regret over all price scenarios and solves the optimal charging strategy for the electrical devices. The convergence of the method and optimality of the computed solution is justified and some numerical simulations are discussed for the case of a single device operating under different types of price realizations and uncertainty bounds.
Perovskite Anion Exchange: A Microdynamics Model and a Polar Adsorption Strategy for Precise Control of Luminescence Color
Authors: Zhou Yihui , Fang Tao , Liu Gaoyu , Xiang Hengyang , Yang Linxiang , Li Yan , Wang Run , Yan Danni , Dong Yuhui , Cai Bo , Zeng Haibo
Published: September 2021

Inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have natural advantages in the field of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) because of their high color purity and tunability in a wide range. However, when manufacturing efficiently mixed‐anion perovskite QDs (CsPbBrxI3−x) to meet the requirements of the pure red color standard in the display field (≈630 nm), results are difficult to control accurately due to the lack of exploration of its microscopic mechanism. Here, a microdynamics model is constructed for anion exchange dominated by vacancies which revealed the key role of polar solvent in reducing the surface energy barrier of anions through first‐principle calculations. Besides, a polar solvent construct in situ anion exchange channels method is proposed. Then, the precise control of anion exchange is demonstrated, and the precise regulation spectrum of the whole red‐light range (600–680 nm) is achieved. Finally, various QD LEDs (QLEDs) based on these tunable QDs are fabricated and exhibit excellent photoelectric performance in the main red range (620–680 nm). Among them, the champion QLEDs, have peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.3% at 633 nm and peak EQE of 18.2% at 646 nm, showing potential in meeting the requirements of display standard.
Perovskite Origami for Programmable Microtube Lasing
Authors: Dong Haiyun , Saggau Christian Niclaas , Zhu Minshen , Liang Jie , Duan Shengkai , Wang Xiaoyu , Tang Hongmei , Yin Yin , Wang Xiaoxia , Wang Jiawei , Zhang Chunhuan , Zhao Yong Sheng , Ma Libo , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: September 2021

Metal halide perovskites are promising materials for optoelectronic and photonic applications ranging from photovoltaics to laser devices. However, current perovskite devices are constrained to simple low‐dimensional structures suffering from limited design freedom and holding up performance improvement and functionality upgrades. Here, a micro‐origami technique is developed to program 3D perovskite microarchitectures toward a new type of microcavity laser. The design flexibility in 3D supports not only outstanding laser performance such as low threshold, tunable output, and high stability but also yields new functionalities like 3D confined mode lasing and directional emission in, for example, laser “array‐in‐array” systems. The results represent a significant step forward toward programmable microarchitectures that take perovskite optoelectronics and photonics into the 3D era.
Poly(2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐Heparin Hydrogels—Expanding the Physicochemical Parameter Space of Biohybrid Materials
Authors: Hahn Dominik , Sonntag Jannick M. , Lück Steffen , Maitz Manfred F. , Freudenberg Uwe , Jordan Rainer , Werner Carsten
Published: September 2021

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐glycosaminoglycan (GAG) hydrogel networks are established as very versatile biomaterials. Herein, the synthetic gel component of the biohybrid materials is systematically varied by combining different poly(2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazolines) (POx) with heparin applying a Michael‐type addition crosslinking scheme: POx of gradated hydrophilicity and temperature‐responsiveness provides polymer networks of distinctly different stiffness and swelling. Adjusting the mechanical properties and the GAG concentration of the gels to similar values allows for modulating the release of GAG‐binding growth factors (VEGF165 and PDGF‐BB) by the choice of the POx and its temperature‐dependent conformation. Adsorption of fibronectin, growth of fibroblasts, and bacterial adhesion scale with the hydrophobicity of the gel‐incorporated POx. In vitro hemocompatibility tests with freshly drawn human whole blood show advantages of POx‐based gels compared to the PEG‐based reference materials. Biohybrid POx hydrogels can therefore enable biomedical technologies requiring GAG‐based materials with customized and switchable physicochemical characteristics.
Visualizing Van der Waals Epitaxial Growth of 2D Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Kenan , Ding Changchun , Pan Baojun , Wu Zhen , Marga Austin , Zhang Lijie , Zeng Hao , Huang Shaoming
Published: September 2021

Understanding the growth mechanisms of 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures is of great importance in exploring their functionalities and device applications. A custom‐built system integrating physical vapor deposition and optical microscopy/Raman spectroscopy is employed to study the dynamic growth processes of 2D vdW heterostructures in situ. This allows the identification of a new growth mode with a distinctly different growth rate and morphology from those of the conventional linear growth mode. A model that explains the difference in morphologies and quantifies the growth rates of the two modes by taking the role of surface diffusion into account is proposed. A range of material combinations including CdI2/WS2, CdI2/MoS2, CdI2/WSe2, PbI2/WS2, PbI2/MoS2, PbI2/WSe2, and Bi2Se3/WS2 is systematically investigated. These findings may be generalized to the synthesis of many other 2D heterostructures with controlled morphologies and physical properties, benefiting future device applications.
Bandgap Tuned WS2 Thin‐Film Photodetector by Strain Gradient in van der Waals Effective Homojunctions
Authors: Kim Seong Jun , Kim Dongwook , Min Bok Ki , Yi Yoonsik , Mondal Shuvra , Nguyen Van‐Tam , Hwang Jeongwoon , Suh Dongwoo , Cho Kyeongjae , Choi Choon‐Gi
Published: September 2021

Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures (or heterojunctions) are formed by stacking two different 2D materials (e.g., graphene, h‐BN, or transition metal dichalcogenides) across vdW gaps. In a type‐II heterojunction, 2D semiconductors are aligned with staggered bandgaps, which can effectively separate electron and hole carriers, and enable promising high‐performance photovoltaics and photodetectors. Herein, an effective vdW‐homojunction is reported, formed by one 2D material (2H‐WS2) with vdW gap engineering leading to different electronic structures and type‐II junction formation. WS2 films are synthesized by W metal deposition and controlled sulfurization method leading to a nonuniform vdW gap strain in the film. The vdW strain gradients in multilayer WS2 films are confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis, and the modeling by density functional theory shows an effective type‐II homojunction formation via modulated bandgaps by the vdW gap strains. The superior performance of a broadband photodetector application is confirmed by photoluminescence and photocurrent experiments.
Mobile app helps trainees manage emergencies at the bedside
Authors: Chu Andrew L. , Keschner Yonatan G. , Lai Lucinda , Baugh Joshua J. , Baugh Christopher W. , Biddinger Paul D. , Raja Ali S. , Isselbacher Eric M. , Conley Jared
Published: September 2021

Background

Although emergency departments (ED) have standardized guidelines for low‐frequency, high‐acuity diagnoses, they are not immediately accessible at the bedside, and this can cause anxiety in trainees and delay patient care. This problem is exacerbated during events like COVID‐19 that require the rapid creation, iteration, and dissemination of new guidelines.

Methods

Physician innovators used design thinking principles to develop EM Protocols (EMP), a mobile application that clinicians can use to immediately view guidelines, contact consultants (e.g., cath lab activation), and access code‐running tools. The project became an institutional high priority, because it helps EM trainees and off‐service rotators manage low‐frequency, high‐acuity emergencies at the point of care, and its COVID‐19 guidelines can be rapidly updated and disseminated in real time.

Results

This intervention was deployed across two academic medical centers during the COVID‐19 surge. Nearly 300 ED clinicians have downloaded EMP, and they have interacted with the app over 5,400 times. It continues to be used regularly, over 12 months after the initial surge. Since the app was received positively, there are efforts to build in additional adult and pediatric guidelines.

Discussion

Digital health tools like EMP can serve as invaluable adjuncts for managing acute, life‐threatening emergencies at the point of care. They can benefit trainees during normal day‐to‐day operations as well as scenarios that cause large‐scale operational disruptions, such as natural disasters, mass casualty events, and future pandemics.
Review of frailty measurement of older people: Evaluation of the conceptualization, included domains, psychometric properties, and applicability
Authors: Huang Emma Yun‐zhi , Lam Simon Ching
Published: September 2021

The purposes of this review are to describe the existing research on frailty measurement of older people and to understand their characteristics, with a focus on conceptual definitions, psychometric properties, and diagnostic accuracies. We reviewed the published literature to explore if cross‐cultural studies of different types of frailty measurements have been conducted and to determine their applicability in the community setting. Narrative review with limited electronic database search and cross reference searching of included studies was performed. Studies published after year 2001 were searched for using MEDLINE and CINAHL Plus databases with keywords. A total of 5144 search results were obtained, but only 42 frailty measurements were identified in 68 studies. For the type, three different measurements were indicated, namely, self‐report instrument (n = 17), clinical observation assessment (n = 19), and mixed frailty assessment instrument (n = 6). Only 12 (29%) measurements examined reliability and validity. Nevertheless, over 35% did not perform any psychometric testing before applying. For diagnosis accuracies, 35 (83%) frailty measurements reported the cut‐off value(s) for determining level of the frailty. However, the sensitivity (56%‐89.5%) and specificity (52%‐91.3%) varied. The applicability was also diverse and some frailty instruments should be only used in some specific population and mode of administration. This review provides an overview of three major types of frailty measurements used in different settings with different purposes. For estimating the prevalence of frailty of older people in a community, the self‐report type may be appropriate. The psychometric properties of many reviewed instruments are reported insufficiently. The cut‐off value(s) are usually suggested with diverse sensitivity and specificity. Self‐report instruments, such as Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) and Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), are the most extensively examined in terms of satisfactory psychometric properties. Thus, GFI and TFI, with the current evidence, are recommended to be used in the community setting for frailty screening tools.