bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NONLINEAR DYNAMIC RESPONSES OF LOCOMOTIVE EXCITED BY RAIL CORRUGATION AND GEAR TIME-VARYING MESH STIFFNESS
Authors: Chen Zaigang , Zhang Jie , Wang Kaiyun , Liu Pengfei
Published: January 2023

Rail corrugation is usually generated in modern railway transportations, such as high-speed railway, urban railway, and heavy-haul railway. It is one of the major excitations to the wheel–rail dynamic interaction, which will cause extra vibration and noise, failures, or even risk of derailment to the vehicle and its components. A dynamics model of a heavy-haul locomotive considering the traction power from the electric motor to the wheelset through gear transmission is employed to investigate the nonlinear dynamic responses of the locomotive. This dynamics model couples the motions of the vehicle, the track, and the gear transmission together. In this dynamics model, excitations from the rail corrugation, the nonlinear wheel–rail contact, the time-varying mesh stiffness, and the nonlinear gear backlash are considered. Then, numerical simulations are performed to reveal the dynamic responses of the locomotive. The calculated results indicate that different nonlinear phenomenon can be observed under the excitation of the rail corrugation with different amplitude and wavelength. The high frequency vibrations excited by the time-varying mesh stiffness are usually modulated by the low frequency vibrations caused by the rail corrugation. However, this is likely to vanish under the chaotic conditions with some corrugation wavelength. The vibration level of the vehicle and the gear transmission increases generally with the corrugation amplitude. However, some corrugation lengths have been found to be more responsible for the vibration of the dynamics system, which should be concerned greatly during the locomotive operation. Meanwhile, involvement of gear transmission systems will cause different dynamic responses between the wheelsets under rail corrugation and gear mesh excitations.
Return of 4U 1730–22 after 49 yr Silence: The Peculiar Burst Properties of the 2021/2022 Outbursts Observed by Insight-HXMT
Authors: Chen Yu-Peng , Zhang Shu , Ji Long , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Wang Peng-Ju , Kong Ling-Da , Chang Zhi , Peng Jing-Qiang , Shui Qing-Cang , Li Jian , Li Zhao-Sheng , Tao Lian , Ge Ming-Yu , Qu Jin-Lu
Published: January 2023

Staying in quiescence for 49 yr, 4U 1730–22 became active and had two outbursts in 2021 and 2022; 10 thermonuclear X-ray bursts were detected with Insight-HXMT. Among them, the faintest burst showed a double-peaked profile, placing the source as the seventh accreting neutron star (NS) exhibiting double-peaked type I X-ray bursts; the other bursts showed photospheric radius expansion (PRE). The properties of a double-peaked non-PRE burst indicate that it could be related to a stalled burning front. For the five bright PRE bursts, apart from the emission from the neutron star (NS) surface, we find the residuals both in the soft (<3 keV) and hard (>10 keV) X-ray bands. Time-resolved spectroscopy reveals that the excess can be attributed to an enhanced preburst/persistent emission or the Comptonization of the burst emission by the corona. We find, the burst emission shows a rise until the photosphere touches down to the NS surface rather than the theoretical predicted constant Eddington luminosity. The shortage of the burst emission in the early rising phase is beyond the occlusion by the disk. We speculate that the findings above are due to that the obscured part (not only the lower part) of the NS surface is exposed to the line of sight due to the evaporation of the obscured material by the burst emission, or the burst emission is anisotropic (ξ > 1) in the burst early phase. In addition, based on the fluxes of PRE bursts at their touchdown times, we derive a distance estimation as 9.0–12.4 kpc.
Exploring the Temporal Variation of the Solar Quadrupole Moment J
2
Authors: Eren Saliha , Rozelot Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2023

Recently, Rozelot & Eren pointed out that the first solar gravitational moment (J
2) might exhibit a temporal variation. The suggested explanation is through the temporal variation of the solar rotation with latitude. This issue is deeper developed due to an accurate knowledge of the long-term variations in solar differential rotation regarding solar activity. Here we analyze solar cycles 12–24, investigating the long-term temporal variations in solar differential rotation. It is shown that J
2 exhibits a net modulation over the 13 studied cycles of ≈(89.6 ± 0.1) yr, with a peak-to-peak amplitude of ≈0.1 × 10−7 for a reference value of 2.07 × 10−7). Moreover, J
2 exhibits a positive linear trend in the period of minima solar activity (sunspot number up to around 40) and a marked declining trend in the period of maxima (sunspot number above 50). In absolute magnitude, the mean value of J
2 is more significant during periods of minimum than in periods of maximum. These findings are based on observational results that are not free of errors and can be refined further by considering torsional oscillations for example. They are comforted by identifying a periodic variation of the J
2 term evidenced through the analysis of the perihelion precession of planetary orbits either deduced from ephemerides or computed in the solar equatorial coordinate system instead of the ecliptic coordinate one usually used.
The Gateway from Centaurs to Jupiter-family Comets: Thermal and Dynamical Evolution
Authors: Guilbert-Lepoutre Aurélie , Gkotsinas Anastasios , Raymond Sean N. , Nesvorny David
Published: January 2023

It was recently proposed that there exists a “gateway” in the orbital parameter space through which Centaurs transition to Jupiter-family comets (JFCs). Further studies have implied that the majority of objects that eventually evolve into JFCs should leave the Centaur population through this gateway. This may be naively interpreted as gateway Centaurs being pristine progenitors of JFCs. This is the point we want to address in this work. We show that the opposite is true: gateway Centaurs are, on average, more thermally processed than the rest of the population of Centaurs crossing Jupiter’s orbit. Using a dynamically validated JFC population, we find that only ∼20% of Centaurs pass through the gateway prior to becoming JFCs, in accordance with previous studies. We show that more than half of JFC dynamical clones entering the gateway for the first time have already been JFCs—they simply avoided the gateway on their first pass into the inner solar system. By coupling a thermal evolution model to the orbital evolution of JFC dynamical clones, we find a higher than 50% chance that the layer currently contributing to the observed activity of gateway objects has been physically and chemically altered, due to previously sustained thermal processing. We further illustrate this effect by examining dynamical clones that match the present-day orbits of 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS), and P/2008 CL94 (Lemmon).
Incidence of rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea
Authors: Ahn Soo Min , Eun Seongho , Ji Sunghwan , Hong Seokchan , Lee Chang-Keun , Yoo Bin , Oh Ji Seon , Kim Yong-Gil
Published: January 2023

Background/Aims: The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been associated with changes in the epidemiology of not only infectious diseases but also several non-infectious conditions. This study investigated changes in the recorded incidence of various rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The number of patients for each disease from January 2016 to December 2020 was obtained from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. We compared the incidence of nine rheumatic diseases (seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], idiopathic inflammatory myositis [IIM], ankylosing spondylitis [AS], systemic sclerosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, Behçet’s disease [BD], polymyalgia rheumatica, and gout) and hypertensive diseases to control for changes in healthcare utilisation before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. The disease incidence before and after the COVID-19 outbreak was compared using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and quasi- Poisson analyses.Results: Compared with the predicted incidence in 2020 using the ARIMA model, the monthly incidence of SLE, BD, AS, and gout temporarily significantly decreased, whereas other rheumatic diseases and hypertensive diseases were within the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the predicted values in the first half of 2020. In age- and sex-adjusted quasi-Poisson regression analysis, the annual incidences of IIM (rate ratio [RR], 0.473; 95% CI, 0.307 to 0.697), SLE (RR, 0.845; 95% CI, 0.798 to 0.895), and BD (RR, 0.850; 95% CI, 0.796 to 0.906) were significantly decreased compared with those in the previous 4 years.Conclusions: The recorded annual incidence of some rheumatic diseases, including IIM, SLE, and BD, decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Association between DIO2 Thr92Ala polymorphism and hypertension in patients with hypothyroidism: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Authors: Kang Young Mi , Koo Bon Seok , Yi Hyon-Seung , Kim Jung Tae , Park Boyoung , Lee Ju Hee , Shong Minho , Kang Yea Eun
Published: January 2023

Background/Aims: Recent evidence has identified the significance of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2) in various diseases. However, the role of DIO2 polymorphism in metabolic parameters in patients with hypothyroidism is not fully understood.Methods: We assessed the polymorphism of the DIO2 gene and various clinical parameters in 118 patients who were diagnosed with hypothyroidism from the Ansan-Anseong cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Furthermore, we systematically analyzed Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data.Results: A total of 118 participants with hypothyroidism were recruited; 32 (27.1%) were homozygous for the Thr allele, 86 (73.9%) were homozygous for the Ala allele or heterozygous. Patients with hypothyroidism with DIO2 polymorphism without hypertension at baseline had higher incidence of hypertension compared to patients without DIO2 polymorphism. Analysis of the GTEx database revealed that elevation of DIO2 expression is associated with enhancement of genes involved in blood vessel regulation and angiogenesis.Conclusions: Commonly inherited variation in the DIO2 gene is associated with high blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension in patients with hypothyroidism. Our results suggest that genetic variation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid pathway in influencing susceptibility to hypertension.
Early Bacterial Detection in Bloodstream Infection using Deep Transfer Learning Algorithm
Authors: Ali Akbar Son , Hawari Ghazali Kamarul , Hasan Habsah , Sapto Aji Wahyu , Yudhana Anton
Published: January 2023

An infection caused by bacteria can lead to severe complications affecting bloodstream disease. At present, blood cultures are used to identify bacteria. However, blood culture is a time-consuming and labor-intensive method of diagnosing disease. The effect of delayed early diagnosis is that it influences the mortality risk. Thus, it is urgent to develop an initial prediction model to identify patients with bloodstream infections. This paper focused on classifying the bacteria using a deep learning approach. Besides, techniques of deep learning have the ability to enhance the bacterial classification process more effectively. Using the transfer learning-based convolutional neural network technique involved to develop our model. In addition, we compared the proposed model with another model used to find the best results. Compared to other models, the proposed model achieved an evaluation score with high accuracy of 98.62%. Medical decision-making may benefit from the proposed approach.
Exploring the Issue of Parental Burnout with ICT’s
Authors: Stathopoulou Agathi , Crokou Vicky , Drigas Athanasios
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress experienced by parents with a child with disabilities in Greece. In particular, the negative emotional state is investigated, as well as the factors that may contribute to the occurrence of parental burnout, anxiety, stress and depression. The ultimate goal of the empirical study is to emphasize the importance of the parental role, with the aim of improving parents’ well-being and the development of their emotional and mental resilience. The sample involved 50 parents with children with disabilities. Data were collected using the online forms of questionnaires Parental Burnout Assessment & Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The results showed that parents are prone to parental burnout, with the pre-dominant dimension being exhaustion from the parental role. The results showed that parents are prone to increased levels of stress, anxiety and depression, with the stress scale predominating. In addition, a statistically significant difference between the two age groups, with older parents experiencing increased levels of parental burnout, as well as stress, anxiety and depression. Regarding the number of children in the family, a positive correlation was found only in terms of anxiety, as parents with more children seem to experience increased levels of anxiety compared to parents with one child. In conclusion, it seems that there are significant positive correlations among the levels of total parental burnout and its individual dimensions and the levels of stress, anxiety and depression.
Le système de fermeture des sépultures mégalithiques de la Tunisie : l’exemple de Kalaat Sidi Ali Ben Ahmed (région de Makthar, Haut Tell Tunisien)
Authors: Miniaoui Souad
Published: January 2023

Les sépultures mégalithiques de la Tunisie présentent des entrées avec un système de fermeture aménagé dans la paroi de façade. À Kalaat Sidi Ali Ben Ahmed, cette particularité a été observée sur quatre types de tombes. Le système de fermeture, qui diffère d’une nécropole à l’autre dans la région du Haut Tell, permet d’assurer l’accès et la descente dans la chambre funéraire. L’accès est direct dans quelques nécropoles ; dans d’autres, il est précédé d’aménagements. Des réflexions sur la question du système de fermeture sont avancées. Le système de fermeture reflète une maîtrise dans la taille de la pierre, bien qu’elle soit parfois simple. Ce travail de la pierre ne se limite pas à la seule ouverture d’accès, mais se retrouve aussi sur d’autres éléments architecturaux de la structure, tels que la dalle de couverture, les piliers latéraux, les parois latérales et les piliers-caissons.L’apport de cet article est de présenter le système de fermeture, sujet qui n’a pas été traité auparavant et de réfléchir sur des questions autour de cette problématique, à savoir l’accès et la descente dans la chambre sépulcrale et le travail de la pierre.
Un point de vue singulier sur l’évaluation des écrits
Authors: Jaubert Martine , Rebière Maryse
Published: January 2023

Penser l’évaluation et l’étayage de l’écrit en termes de co-énonciation suppose d’étudier les gestes d’étude et les gestes professionnels langagiers didactiques qui donnent à voir les évaluations et les réajustements successifs caractéristiques de la construction de significations et de pratiques nouvelles. L’articulation entre outils d’évaluation et progrès (entendu comme processus d’appropriation de la diversité des usages langagiers et formels spécifiques des objets et contextes) conduit à analyser le travail de la position énonciative nécessaire à l’activité d’apprentissage. Son étude constituant un indicateur fécond pour évaluer et étayer l’écriture des élèves, il s’agit de rendre visibles les écarts entre les positions attendues et celles mobilisées pour favoriser des déplacements délibérés au cours de réécritures, au sein des dispositifs d’évaluation formative collective aux cycles 2 et 3.
Enseigner l’écriture par le biais de séances d’évaluation orale des écrits d’élèves ?
Authors: Magniant Véronique
Published: January 2023

Dans cet article, nous étudions la mise en œuvre, par une enseignante de CP, d’un dispositif d’évaluation formative, collective et menée à l’oral des écrits de ses élèves. Nous dégageons les objets de savoir qui sont évalués et débattus et décrivons les changements visibles dans des productions réalisées au fil de l’année. Nous mettons en lien les apprentissages perceptibles avec les interactions enregistrées lors des séances d’évaluation, en nous focalisant sur la nature des interventions de l’enseignante.
Annoter des écrits subjectifs en formation d’enseignants : prolégomènes à une pratique d’évaluation formative de l’écriture littéraire
Authors: Dolignier Catherine
Published: January 2023

La recherche présentée adopte une démarche descriptive et auto analytique en catégorisant les marques graphiques portées sur des écrits subjectifs d’étudiants en contexte certificatif. La persistance des caractéristiques documentées par la littérature malgré le genre nouveau des textes évalués et les principes théoriques qui en sous-tendent le choix conduit à réviser réflexivement le commentaire global porté sur des copies pour analyser les conditions d’une évaluation formative des productions écrites en littérature.
Former les futurs professeurs des écoles à un « autre » regard sur les écrits d’élèves
Authors: Paolacci Véronique
Published: January 2023

Dans cet article, nous nous interrogeons sur la formation des enseignants à l’évaluation des écrits d’élèves. Nous avons mis à l’épreuve, auprès de futurs professeurs d’école, un module de formation présentant plusieurs phases : une mise en situation d’écriture, l’élaboration d’une grille de critères, la production de conseils de réécriture aux pairs ainsi que l’analyse d’un écrit d’élève. Notre hypothèse est que la mise en situation de produire des écrits à un niveau adulte influence les évaluations d’écrits d’élèves sur la même consigne. Ainsi, le regard sur le texte d’autrui est modifié pour devenir un regard « autre », moins normatif et plus à même d’apprécier les qualités du rédacteur.
Alain Viala : Littérature et enseignement
Authors: Petitjean André
Published: January 2023

L’objet de cet article est de rendre compte de la contribution d’A. Viala à la réflexion collective portant sur l’enseignement de la littérature. En effet, des rencontres ce sont tenues à Oxford autour d’A. Viala et de son livre posthume intitulé L’Adhésion littéraire (2022). Les apports y sont multiples, mais on peut en retenir trois majeurs. Tout d’abord, L’objectivation de la notion de littérature et des modalités de sa légitimation. Il s’agit d’une reconstruction à la fois historique et sociologique au cours de laquelle A. Viala montre comment, au cours du xviie siècle la littérature commence à émerger au sein des Belles Lettres puis n’aura de cesse d’affirmer son régime d’autonomie et de spécialisation. Le deuxième apport concerne La reconstitution historique des évolutions qu’a connues l’enseignement littéraire, en particulier au niveau du secondaire. A. Viala retrace à grands traits ces évolutions depuis la première modernité (Les Lettres humaines), les mutations des années 1880 avec l’instauration d’un enseignement en français, jusqu’à l’état présent de la discipline. Ces variations touchent les formes et les contenus de l’enseignement de la littérature et font l’objet de crises qui accompagnent les changements. Enfin, le dernier apport porte sur Les orientations didactiques en matière d’enseignement de la littérature. Sans être didacticien, A. Viala a réfléchi tant aux objets à enseigner qu’aux exercices pratiqués. Pour les objets, on pense à ses analyses du processus de classicisation qu’opèrent les acteurs du champ littéraire et du rôle de l’école dans la modélisation et la qualification des auteurs et des œuvres. Quant aux exercices, il a particulièrement réfléchi à la problématique de la « lecture littéraire » sans ignorer pour autant celle de l’écriture.
La Bibliothèque scientifique internationale : traduction et imaginaire des sciences à la fin du xixe siècle
Authors: Galazzi Enrica , Londei Danielle
Published: January 2023

Pendant longtemps, et de manière différente selon les époques et les domaines, la traduction a été considérée comme une activité subalterne, ancillaire, une sorte d’impensé. Toutefois, entre 1874 et 1914, à partir de l’activité militante de l’éditeur Germer Baillière que poursuivra Felix Alcan, se développe sous la direction d’Emile Alglave le projet de la Bibliothèque scientifique internationale (BSI) : traduire les sciences en marche et diffuser « l’esprit scientifique » à travers la traduction. Pourquoi la traduction et la vulgarisation furent-elles considérées comme les clés d’accès privilégiées aux savoirs ?
L’approche contrastive dans sept grammaires de Français Langue Étrangère pour hispanophones (1974-2015)
Authors: Weber Elodie
Published: January 2023

La présente étude examine l’évolution de l’approche contrastive dans sept grammaires de Français Langue Étrangère à usage d’apprenants hispanophones publiées en 1974 et 2015. Réintroduite dans les grammaires à partir des années 1970 après avoir été évincée de l’apprentissage des langues étrangères pendant des décennies, la perspective contrastive change de visage pendant la période considérée : objet d’une exploitation typographique de plus en plus importante et d’une mise en œuvre toujours plus diversifiée, progressivement imbriqué à la norme grammaticale dont il était initialement indépendant, le contraste avec la langue maternelle acquiert tout au long de la période un rôle de plus en plus central et structurant. Ces évolutions ne peuvent être comprises sans être mises en lien avec le contexte, au sens large, dans lequel prennent place ces grammaires : l’influence du structuralisme américain, à travers la linguistique contrastive, le behaviourisme et le distributionnalisme ; les réflexions sur l’erreur et sur l’interlangue ; enfin l’évolution des méthodes d’apprentissage pendant la période.
Le “lien parent-enfant” dans les familles formées par deux femmes : la fragile conventionnalité du droit français
Authors: Brunet Laurence , Mesnil Marie
Published: January 2023

La CEDH a rendu deux décisions, le 24 mars et 7 avril 2022, concernant le devenir des relations parents-enfants développées au sein de familles formées par deux femmes, lorsqu’elles se séparent, en l’absence de lien de filiation établi à l’égard de la femme qui n’a pas accouché de l’enfant. Il s’agit d’une part, d’assurer le maintien de liens personnels effectifs entre l’enfant et l’ex-conjointe qui n’a pas participé au projet parental (Callamand c. France) et d’autre part, d’établir un lien de filiation entre l’enfant et la femme, non reconnue comme mère de l’enfant alors qu’elle a participé au projet parental (C.E. et autres c. France). Les deux situations considérées s’étaient constituées avant la réforme introduite par la loi de bioéthique du 2 août 2021, facilitant l’établissement ab initio de la double filiation maternelle, mais la CEDH n’en trouve pas moins l’occasion de porter une appréciation sur les nouveaux dispositifs introduits.
De doctorants à directeurs de recherche : accompagnement reçu et dispensé
Authors: Duchesne Claire , Le Callonnec Lucie , Gagnon Nathalie
Published: January 2023

La direction de recherche doctorale exige de la part des professeurs d’université un fort engagement envers l’étudiant et le recours à des connaissances théoriques et méthodologiques élevées, de même que des compétences à l’encadrement et à l’accompagnement. Lorsque le directeur de recherche1 possède peu d’expérience dans l’exercice des fonctions liées à la recherche et à l’enseignement, comme c’est le cas des nouveaux professeurs d’université, le défi est de taille et les conséquences peuvent être importantes. Cet article porte sur le type d’accompagnement que 16 nouveaux professeurs d’universités canadiennes ont reçu alors qu’ils étaient étudiants et sur celui qu’ils préconisent auprès des étudiants dont ils dirigent actuellement les travaux.
Engineering Design-Based Arduino Activities in STEM Education
Authors: Yildiz Durak Hatice , Canbazoglu Bilici Sedef , Baran Evrim
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this chapter is to present the use of Arduino in engineering design-based STEM activities at the secondary school level in K-12 education. Examples of the use of Arduino and the free Arduino Science Journal mobile application are also presented along with different stages of the design process in engineering design-based thematic activities (e.g., greenhouse design, noise pollution, etc.). The widespread use of the user-friendly Arduino Science Journal App in STEM education activities will contribute to the development of students' scientific process skills (e.g., observation, measurement, data recording, reading graphics, and interpreting data). This chapter presents examples of using Arduino in engineering design-based activities for science teacher educators.
Computational Thinking
Authors: Jacques Lorraine A. , Howle Heather
Published: January 2023

When integrating computational thinking (CT) skills with science education lessons, we thought that the engineering design process (EDP) would connect CT with the science content. The EDP has been included in science teacher training because it helps structure the engineering practices of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) as well as provide a framework for project-based learning, a highly recommended instructional approach for full realization of NGSS. However, many teachers are still having difficulties with both PBL and the EDP. By mapping CT skills to steps in the EDP, each step better reflects how engineering truly occurs, which in turn better reflects authentic PBL in science and provides an easier-to-manage focus for PBL planning.
The Role of Digital Curation in Science Teacher Professional Development
Authors: Dayan Efrat , Gadot Rivka , Tsybulsky Dina
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses the goals of digital curation as an educational practice in K-12 science education in the digital age and presents a model for science teachers' professional development through digital curation. The model proposed in this chapter was developed during a multiple-case study with the participation of 44 science teachers. The model outlines a path to enabling teachers to learn and practice curation as a teaching and learning practice and later to direct and apply curation in their classrooms. In addition, it offers guidelines for enabling teachers to practice thinking skills, such as making pedagogical decisions and defining teaching goals, through the digital curation process as a professional learning method: (1) teacher professional learning goals, (2) pedagogical-practical goals, (3) social and cooperative goals, (4) teacher personal goals. This model can be applied to science teachers' professional development and teacher training courses.
Early Is the Key for Treatment of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Authors: Cooper Megan A
Published: January 2023

This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency in the neonatal period leads to superior thymic output and improved survival,” a pivotal article written by L. A. Myers, D. D. Patel, J. M. Puck, and R. H. Buckley, and published in Blood, in 2002. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11806989/.
A case of Angiomatoid Spitz Nevus in the elderly, with clinical and dermoscopic features
Authors: Luongo Gelsomina , De Stefano Noè , Perasole Antonio , Massone Cesare , Galdo Giovanna
Published: January 2023

This case was presented at the on-line telepathology meeting on the ADOI platform held on October 19th 2022 by Dr Luongo.
Coexistence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Harsas Natasha Anindhia , Amanda Rana Zhafira , Purwowiyoto Sidhi Laksono , Kusharsamita Hillary
Published: January 2023

There is substantial evidence that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the exact mechanism that links OSA with CVD is still insufficiently understood and often underdiagnosed and undertreated. This review aims to summarize the pathomechanisms coexistence of OSA and CVD and a diagnostic evaluation of the treatment options for OSA. The Pubmed was searched using the keywords “OSA;” and “CVD.” Related papers published from 2013 to February 2022 were chosen. OSA has been associated with intermittent hypoxemia, significant intrathoracic pressure changes, and arousal from sleep, all of which have been linked to adverse health effects, particularly in the case of CVD. The need for the early detection of CVD patients and OSA screening is critical. Screening techniques include identifying specific OSA symptoms through medical history, using screening questionnaires or devices, followed by diagnostic testing thorough sleep evaluation that differs depending on the underlying cardiovascular condition. The need to improve the early diagnosis and treatment of OSA, a highly prospective modifiable CVD risk factor, is crucial given the growing body of research on the relationship between OSA and CVD as well as the effectiveness of OSA treatment.
Scope of Portfolio in Medical Training
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: January 2023

The introduction of competency-based medical education has brought about a paradigm shift in the delivery of medical education in both undergraduate and postgraduate courses. A portfolio can be regarded as an instrument that can be employed for the storage of learning on a day-to-day basis and for recording the self-reflection by the students. As a matter of fact, the compilation of learning from different sessions gives an opportunity for the students to look back, analyze the overall process and thus reflect on the same, and this process plays a crucial role in ensuring deep learning. At the same time, the compiled information is being used for making evidence-based and well-informed decisions about the overall progress of the student. Further, we also cannot ignore the fact that a well-maintained portfolio can be looked on as one of the indicators of the quality assurance processes employed in an institution. To conclude, portfolios in the field of medical education are an important option to ensure learning and even promote the assessment of medical students. The need of the hour is that every medical institution should look to implement the same in their own settings and help the students in their journey to become competent.
A Case of Solitary Neurofibroma Involving the Lower Limb in a Young Tribal Girl
Authors: Kalyanpur Alisha , Dsouza Royson , Kurien Binu
Published: January 2023

We describe a 17-year-old girl who presented with a nontraumatic gradually progressive swelling in the right leg for 2 months. Clinically, there was a diffuse swelling involving the lower third of the lateral aspect of the right leg, which was firm and nontender. There were no similar swellings elsewhere. The radiological findings were inconclusive and she underwent an excision biopsy. Histopathology revealed features consistent with a neurofibroma. Solitary neurofibromas of the lower extremity are extremely rare benign lesions, having nonspecific clinical and radiological features. Histopathology is the mainstay of the diagnosis. Wide local resection is mandated as the treatment as these lesions have a propensity for recurrence.
Advanced Virtual Mentoring of Dentists in Oral Cancer Screening and Tobacco Cessation - An Interventional Study
Authors: Nethan Suzanne T. , John Amrita , Ravi Priyanka , Dhanasekaran Kavitha , Babu Roshni , Hariprasad Roopa
Published: January 2023

Context:

Oral cancer is the third common cancer in India. Its mortality can be reduced through early detection and tobacco cessation ideally by dentists owing to their forte of work.

Aim:

This study was conducted to discuss effectiveness of an advanced tele-mentoring programme in oral cancer screening and tobacco cessation for dentists across India.

Settings and Design:

Online, interventional study.

Methods and Material:

The 14-week long training programme with 52 participants/spokes from across India had weekly hour-long online sessions comprising of an expert-led didactic and case discussions by spokes. Online evaluation (pre- and post-training, post-session), weekly and post-one-year feedback were conducted. Successful spokes attended a hands-on workshop subsequently.

Statistical Analysis Used:

One and independent sample t-tests determined the significance of the evaluation scores of the participants. Findings on attitudes and practice-related questions are presented as simple percentages.

Results:

A notable increase in the overall and per-session mean knowledge score, and confidence in oral cancer screening was observed. Many participants started these services at their clinics, thereby reducing further referrals, and were also motivated to spread community awareness about the same.

Conclusion:

This tele-mentoring programme, based on the novel Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes model, is the first oral cancer screening training programme for dentists. This model—comprising of expert didacts, case discussions, and significant spoke-expert interaction—is a promising best-practices tool for reducing the disparity in knowledge and skills regarding oral cancer prevention among dentists across different locations. This would enable these most appropriate healthcare providers to contribute toward the overall goal of oral cancer prevention.
Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill 2020 and its Implications on the Reproductive Tourism Industry in India
Authors: Savla Amisha Nemchand
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Surrogacy in India is an unfettered and unregulated practice which is being carried out blatantly without any legal sanction. The guidelines issued by the Indian Council of Medical Research to regulate clinics running Surrogacy arrangements under the umbrella of Artificial Reproductive Technique are the current driving force of this Fertility Tourism Industry. The codified law is yet to be adopted and implemented. The growth in the assisted reproductive technology (ART) methods is the recognition of the fact that infertility as a medical condition is a huge impediment in the overall well-being of couples and cannot be overlooked, especially in a patriarchal society like India. A woman is respected as a wife only if she is a mother of a child so that her husband’s masculinity and sexual potency is proved and the lineage continues. The practice of nourishing another’s fetus in the womb is known as surrogacy. Surrogacy has been the most contentious use of ARTs. These include the possibility of finding substitutes not only for parental genetic material but also for the womb. Surrogacy is a tripartite agreement which includes the intending parents, the surrogacy clinics, and the surrogate woman who agree to commission a pregnancy on behalf of another woman, ready to relinquish all her rights on the child born out of the arrangement for a monetary remuneration. The practice of surrogacy involves social, moral, legal, ethical, and scientific issues in an attempt to harmonize conflicting interests. This paper will focus on the new Surrogacy Bill 2020 and its implications on the medical infertility tourism industry in India.
Infections and immunity: associations with obesity and related metabolic disorders
Authors: Ray Amitabha , Bonorden Melissa J. L. , Pandit Rajashree , Nkhata Katai J. , Bishayee Anupam
Published: January 2023

About one-fourth of the global population is either overweight or obese, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and infections. In obesity, both immune cells and adipocytes produce an excess of pro-inflammatory cytokines that may play a significant role in disease progression. In the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, important pathological characteristics such as involvement of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial injury, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release have been shown to be connected with obesity and associated sequelae such as insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This pathological connection may explain the severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic disorders. Many studies have also reported an association between type 2 diabetes and persistent viral infections. Similarly, diabetes favors the growth of various microorganisms including protozoal pathogens as well as opportunistic bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, diabetes is a risk factor for a number of prion-like diseases. There is also an interesting relationship between helminths and type 2 diabetes; helminthiasis may reduce the pro-inflammatory state, but is also associated with type 2 diabetes or even neoplastic processes. Several studies have also documented altered circulating levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes in obesity, which likely modifies vaccine effectiveness. Timely monitoring of inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein) and energy homeostasis markers (e.g., leptin) could be helpful in preventing many obesity-related diseases.
A Quality Improvement Technique in KERBEROS with Secure Authentication
Authors: Manish Kumar  , Indu Bhushan Lal  , Savya Sachi
Published: January 2023

Kerberos is an confirmation convention in which client and server can commonly verify to each other over an unreliable arrange association, to guarantee information judgment of the message and security of channel communications. In this paper, a modern novel is proposed to move forward Kerberos confirmation convention by utilizing Mystery Picture. This Kerberos will be altered to surrender way better security arrangements and to supply centralized get to control arrangement for each client with diverse parameters like confirmation, speed of encryption and decoding and productivity of transactions. This altered approach upgrades the secure confirmation of clients with non-reputation include by joining open key cryptography and covering up the message of differential get to control for each client by utilizing mystery picture. This differential get to control approach is being implemented straightforwardly to the clients whereas doing the verification of clients through Kerberos convention. The GnuPG has the capability to produce the key combine (ie, private key and open key) within the client itself. So this proposed framework utilized this key combine for encryption and decoding of messages and takes the advantage of non exchanging or non bringing in the private key from any gadgets or any nodes.
Media in the Geopolitical Crossfire: Identification and Novel Data Sources for IB Research
Authors: Puhr Harald , Kupfer Alexander
Published: January 2023

The media is a rich data source for IB scholars to study policy uncertainty, stakeholder attention, and issue salience. However, the media is exposed to geopolitical tension and political interference. The resulting bias distorts the insights scholars gain from media analysis and leads to potentially impaired conclusions. This study introduces GDELT and Google Trends as novel data sources to handle this challenge. Their usefulness is illustrated by an analysis of media coverage of Russia’s invasion in Ukraine in 2022. The paper guides scholars in conducting media-based research in the face of abrupt geopolitical tension and political interference.
Exploring food behaviours in the UK student population: Interim findings
Authors:   Food Standards Agency, Armstrong Beth , Gillespie Rebecca , King Maya , Collins Abbie ,   Food Standards Scotland
Published: January 2023

The research explores the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of university students relating to food safety, food security, diet and other food-related topics; and, identify the experiences and challenges of university students living in halls of residence and shared accommodation. Given the lack of evidence on this topic, co creation sessions were held with university students to identify key issues and inform the development of a nationally representative online survey. This report presents the main findings from the co-creation sessions and headline findings from the online survey. The full analysis, which will include results from image coding using the citizen science platform Zooniverse (Opens in a new window) (Opens in a new window), will be published at a later date.
Стандартизація медичної допомоги в системі охорони здоров’я України
Authors: Livinskyi V. G. , Zhakhovsky V. O. , Shvets A. V. , Ivanko O. M.
Published: January 2023

Мета. Дослідження стандартизації медичної допомоги у вітчизняній системі охорони здоров’я з метою використання її методологічних засад під час опрацювання військово-медичних стандартів.

Матеріали та методи. Використано законодавчі та нормативно-правові акти з питань охорони здоров’я в Україні та стандартизації медичної допомоги, наукові статті та інші видання, присвячені питанням стандартизації медичної допомоги в системі охорони здоров’я. Об’єкт дослідження – система охорони здоров’я України. Предмет дослідження – стандартизація медичної допомоги. Методи дослідження: бібліографічний, аналітичний, системного підходу, узагальнення, прогностичний.

Результати. Досліджено процеси стандартизації медичної допомоги у вітчизняній системі охорони здоров’я, вивчено та проаналізовано вимоги законодавчих і нормативно-правових актів, що визначають порядок стандартизації та систему медичних стандартів. Проаналізовано стан опрацювання та впровадження стандартів медичної допомоги (медичних стандартів) в системі охорони здоров’я України. Встановлено, що стандартизація в системі охорони здоров’я служить важливим інструментом забезпечення якості медичної допомоги, а основними шляхами впровадження стандартів медичної допомоги (медичних стандартів) в систему охорони здоров’я України є імплементація сучасних європейських підходів до стандартизації медичної допомоги та розроблення вітчизняних медичних стандартів (уніфікованих клінічних протоколів) на засадах доказової медицини.

Висновки. В Україні сформована законодавча і нормативна база щодо порядку розроблення та впровадження стандартів медичної допомоги (медичних стандартів), опрацьовані та застосовуються стандарти медичної допомоги (медичні стандарти), ефективність яких відповідає міжнародним практикам. Функціонування Медичних сил Збройних Сил України та медичних служб інших складових сил оборони в єдиному законодавчому та нормативно-правовому полі держави з питань охорони здоров’я передбачає обов’язковість застосування в практику надання медичної допомоги військовослужбовцям прийнятих у державі стандартів медичної допомоги (медичних стандартів). Зважаючи на особливості надання медичної допомоги в умовах бойових дій, які кардинально відрізняються від умов мирного часу, є необхідність опрацювання військово-медичних стандартів для надання медичної допомоги військовослужбовцям з бойовою хірургічною і терапевтичною патологією на визначених рівнях медичного забезпечення.
Ameliorative Effect of Rutin Supplement on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depressive Phenotypes in Mice
Authors:   Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Kabir Aliyu , Yusha’u Yusuf ,   Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Adam Umar ,   Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Ibrahim Shu’aibu ,   Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Muhammad Mariya ,   Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Published: January 2023

Depression is a severe disorder that results in poor quality of life and affects hundreds of millions worldwide. Research on the relationship between depression and oxidative stress has shown important biochemical aspects in disease development. Flavonoids are a class of natural products that exhibit several pharmacological properties, including antidepressant-like activity and hence, suggested by studies to be exciting prototypes for new antidepressant drugs. Rutin is a flavonoid glycoside abundantly found in plants. The study evaluated the effect of rutin supplementation on depression using the chronic unpredictable mild stress depression mice models. Twenty-five mice were grouped into 5 (n = 5) and subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stressors. Groups 1-5 were orally served distilled water (no treatment), Rutin 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg, and fluoxetine 20 mg/kg respectively. The study was conducted in the span of 30 days. Administration of rutin produced a reduction in immobility time at a dose of 120 mg/kg, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the concentration of serum superoxide dismutase at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg, and showed no significant difference on catalase and malondialdehyde levels. Rutin supplementation showed the potential of positively reversing behavioural despair. Thus, may be considered a possible treatment option for depressive symptoms in view of it attaining lesser side effects compared to orthodox treatments
GRAIN YIELD STABILITY AND BIOCHEMICAL NUTRIENT CONTENT IN WHITE CORN EXPERIMENTAL CROSSES
Authors: Sánchez-Ramírez Francisco Javier , Mendoza-Castillo Ma. del Carmen , Mendoza-Mendoza Carmen Gabriela , Delgado-Alvarado Adriana , Nuñez-Terrones Etzael
Published: January 2023

In Mexico, about half of white corn production is used for human consumption. In a breeding program, in addition to increasing the yield and genotypes stability, the aim is to improve grain quality. Assuming that there is genetic variation among the elite genotypes evaluated in this research, at least one genotype was considered to be outstanding for its high productive potential and desirable characteristics for grain quality. The objective of this work was to determine the genetic variation present in experimental hybrids in terms of yield potential and grain quality, as well as to identify the most outstanding genotypes. In 2016, twenty white corn experimental crosses were evaluated under a randomized block design with three replications in two locations of the ecological area of the High Valleys of Mexico and one location in a transitional area. Yield stability was determined using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. Grain quality was evaluated through starch, protein and oil content. Most of the crosses had higher yield and stability than the controls (commercial hybrids). Likewise, nutrient content varied among them for each biochemical compound; oil concentration ranged from 3.5 to 6.4 g 100 g-1 dry matter (ms); protein, from 5.5 to 9.8 g 100 g-1 ms; and starch, from 72.6 to 96.6 g 100 g-1 ms. Based on their phenotypic stability, yield and grain quality, we observed that crosses 1213, 1217, 1218, 1314, 1418, and 1812 were outstanding, which can be used to produce grain with promising starch and oil content. In general, we infer that the crosses showed potential for starch utilization and tortilla production.