bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anemia and its predictors among chronic kidney disease patients in Sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Taderegew Mitku Mammo , Wondie Alemayehu , Terefe Tamene Fetene , Tarekegn Tadesse Tsehay , GebreEyesus Fisha Alebel , Mengist Shegaw Tesfa , Amlak Baye Tsegaye , Emeria Mamo Solomon , Timerga Abebe , Zegeye Betregiorgis
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Anemia is a serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with a significant adverse outcome on the burden and progression of the disease. Hence, the study intended to assess the pooled prevalence of anemia and its predictors among CKD patients in Sub-Saharan African nations.

Methods

To identify the relevant studies systematic searches were carried out in Medline, EMBASE, HINARI, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library. From selected studies, data were taken out with a standardized data extraction format prepared in Microsoft Excel. Inverse variance (I2) tests were employed to evaluate the heterogeneity across the included studies. Due to substantial heterogeneity among the studies, a random-effects meta-analysis technique was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of anemia. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression analysis were carried out to search the possible bases of heterogeneity. Funnel plot symmetry, Begg’s test, and Egger’s regression test were employed to assess the existence of publication bias. In addition, factors associated with anemia among CKD patients were examined. All statistical analyses were carried out with STATA™ Version 14 software.

Results

A total of 25 studies with 5042 study participants were considered in this study. The pooled prevalence of anemia among CKD patients was estimated to be 59.15% (95% CI, 50.02–68.27) with a substantial level of heterogeneity as evidenced by I2 statistics (I2 = 98.1%; p < 0.001). Stage of CKD (3–5) (pooled odds ratio (POR) = 5.33, 95% CI:4.20–6.76), presence of diabetes mellitus (POR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.10–2.78), hemodialysis history (POR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.63–5.73), and female sex (POR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.76–3.55) were significantly related with anemia.

Conclusions

More than half of CKD patients were suffering from anemia. Stage of CKD, presence of DM, hemodialysis history, and being female sex were factors associated with anemia among CKD patients.
High glucose promotes regulatory T cell differentiation
Authors: Pitmon Elise , Meehan Eileen Victoria , Ahmadi Elham , Adler Adam J. , Wang Kepeng
Published: February 2023

The consumption of processed foods and sugary sodas in Western diets correlates with an increased incidence of obesity, metabolic syndromes such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. All these diseases have an inflammatory component, of which T lymphocytes can play a critical role in driving. Much has been learned regarding the importance of sugar, particularly glucose, in fueling effector versus regulatory T cells that can promote or dampen inflammation, respectively. In particular, glucose and its metabolic breakdown products via glycolysis are essential for effector T cell differentiation and function, while fatty acid-fueled oxidative phosphorylation supports homeostasis and function of regulatory T cells. Nevertheless, a critical knowledge gap, given the prevalence of diabetes in Western societies, is the impact of elevated glucose concentrations on the balance between effector versus regulatory T cells. To begin addressing this, we cultured naïve CD4+ T cells with different concentrations of glucose, and examined their differentiation into effector versus regulatory lineages. Surprisingly, high glucose promoted regulatory T cell differentiation and inhibited Th1 effector differentiation. This skewing towards the regulatory lineage occurred via an indirect mechanism that depends on lactate produced by activated glycolytic T cells. Addition of lactate to the T cell differentiation process promotes the differentiation of Treg cells, and activates Akt/mTOR signaling cascade. Hence, our findings suggest the existence of a novel feedback mechanism in which lactate produced by activated, differentiating T cells skews their lineage commitment towards the regulatory fate.
Design and optimization of complex mechanism flip shaping subsystem based on genetic algorithm and rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model
Authors: Xin SHANG , LI Yongxing , CHEN Xiaoxuan
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the cam connecting rod system of the high-speed group vertical machine flipping shaping mechanism is the research object. In order to solve the key problem that the flipping shaping mechanism cannot accurately complete the action when the vibration of the mechanism is large. In this paper, the finite element method is used to construct the dynamic model of the connecting rod subsystem of the flipped shaping mechanism. And The dynamic model of cam roller subsystem is established by centralized parameter method. Based on the MATLAB Genetic Algorithm toolbox and using Newmark’s method, the dynamic equations of the flipped plastic mechanism system are solved. The optimal parameters of the connecting rod of the mechanism, the cam profile curve and the swing power and swing torque of the mechanism at different speeds are analyzed. The results show that the speed and convex contour line are important factors affecting the performance of the mechanism. And the pendulum force (swing torque) is the main cause of the vibration of the mechanism on the frame. Therefore, the mechanism pendulum dynamic and the swing moment are selected as the objective functions of the optimization model. By selecting the node parameters of the sixth order spline motion law and the cross-section parameters of the connecting rod as the design variables. The cam linkage system is optimally designed to obtain the optimal value. Finally, the optimal design of the flipped shaping mechanism was analyzed and compared with the original mechanism.
Performance assessment of primary health care facilities in Brazil: Concordance between web-based questionnaire and in-person interviews with health personnel
Authors: Nunes Luceime Olivia , Castanheira Elen Rose Lodeiro , Sanine Patricia Rodrigues , Akerman Marco , Nemes Maria Ines Baptistella
Published: February 2023

This study is a concordance analysis comparing answers to two external assessment tools for Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities that use two different data collection methodologies: (a) external assessment through structured interviews and direct observation of facilities conducted by the National Program for Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care (AE-PMAQ-AB), and (b) a computerized web-based self-administered questionnaire for Assessment of the Quality of Primary Health Care Services (QualiAB). The two surveys were answered by 1,898 facilities located in 437 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2017 and 2018. Both surveys aimed to assess the management and organization of PHC facilities. A total of 158 equivalent questions were identified. The answers were grouped by thematic similarity into nine domains: Territory characteristics; Local management and external support; Structure; Health promotion, disease prevention, and therapeutic procedures; Attention to unscheduled patients; Women’s health; Children’s health; Attention to chronic conditions; and Oral health. The results show a high level of concordance between the answers, with 81% of the 158 compared questions showing concordance higher than 0.700. We showed that the information obtained by the web-based survey QualiAB was comparable to that of the structured interview-based AE-PMAQ-AB, which is considered the gold standard. This is important because web-based surveys are more practical and convenient, and do not require trained interviewers. Online assessment surveys can allow immediate access to answers, reports and guidelines for each evaluated facility, as provided by the QualiAB system. In this way, the answers to this type of survey can be directly employed by users, allowing the assessment to fulfill all phases of an assessment process.
Survival in a consecutive series of 467 glioblastoma patients: Association with prognostic factors and treatment at recurrence at two independent institutions
Authors: Blakstad Hanne , Brekke Jorunn , Rahman Mohummad Aminur , Arnesen Victoria Smith , Miletic Hrvoje , Brandal Petter , Lie Stein Atle , Chekenya Martha , Goplen Dorota
Published: February 2023

Therapy of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) is challenging due to lack of standard treatment. We investigated physicians’ treatment choice at recurrence and prognostic and predictive factors for survival in GBM patients from Norway’s two largest regional hospitals. Clinicopathological data from n = 467 patients treated at Haukeland and Oslo university hospitals from January 2015 to December 2017 was collected. Data included tumour location, promoter methylation of O6 methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), patient age, sex, extent of resection at primary diagnosis and treatment at successive tumour recurrences. Cox-proportional hazards regression adjusting for multiple risk factors was used. Median overall survival (OS) was 12.1 months and 21.4% and 6.8% of patients were alive at 2 and 5 years, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 8.1 months. Treatment at recurrence varied but was not associated with difference in overall survival (OS) (p = 0.201). Age, MGMT hypermethylation, tumour location and extent of resection were independent prognostic factors. Patients who received 60 Gray radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide at primary diagnosis had 16.1 months median OS and 9.3% were alive at 5 years. Patients eligible for gamma knife/stereotactic radiosurgery alone or combined with chemotherapy at first recurrence had superior survival compared to chemotherapy alone (p<0.001). At second recurrence, combination chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab were both superior to no treatment. Treatment at recurrence differed between the institutions but there was no difference in median OS, indicating that it is the disease biology that dictates patient outcome.
Generalized Gamma-CUSUM control chart with application of COVID-19 deaths
Authors: Adeoti Olatunde Adebayo , Adekeye Kayode Samuel
Published: February 2023

The increase in the number of infections and the worrisome state of mortality linked to the COVID-19 pandemic demand an optimal statistical model and efficient monitoring scheme to analyze the deaths. This paper aims to model the COVID-19 mortality in Nigeria using four non-normal distributions grouped under the generalized gamma distribution, by specifying the best-fit distribution to model the number of deaths linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, a control chart to monitor the COVID-19 deaths based on the best-fit distribution is proposed. The performance of the proposed Gamma-CUSUM chart as a monitoring scheme was compared with the standard normal-CUSUM chart. The results revealed that the Gamma-CUSUM chart first signals a change in the number of deaths on day 68 while there was no change in the number of deaths for the standard normal-CUSUM chart. Also, the exact point of change was visible on the Gamma-CUSUM chart which was impossible on a standard normal-CUSUM control chart.
Propuesta de análisis sistémico sobre el proceso de construcción identitaria en la Confederación de Trabajadores del Cobre (CTC) en Chile
Authors: Muñoz Flores Mauricio , Osorio Rauld Alejandro
Published: February 2023

En Chile, la figura de la subcontratación de trabajadores en la minería ha crecido sostenidamente durante las últimas tres décadas. Su consolidación en el sector, con luces y sombras, ha llevado a movilizaciones, protestas y un aumento de la conflictividad social. El presente artículo busca, en primer lugar, describir brevemente el funcionamiento de la subcontratación en el sector minero, poniendo énfasis en la situación de la subcontratación en la Corporación Nacional del Cobre, empresa del Estado y mayor productora de cobre a nivel mundial. En segundo lugar, se analiza desde la teoría de sistemas luhmaniana el proceso de construcción identitaria en la CTC, buscando conocer los factores sistémicos que han producido la emergencia o irrupción de la CTC. A partir del razonamiento teórico aplicado a este estudio de caso, se observa el paso de un “movimiento de protesta” hacia un “sistema de protesta”, que puede ser interesante como objeto de análisis sociológico en aras de una comprensión sistémica entre actores, comunicación y sistema.
Entrevista a Augusto Zamora: “Vivimos en un mundo que ya es multipolar, y EEUU y la OTAN siguen insistiendo en una única visión del mundo”
Authors: Arnau Espinosa José Antonio , Català-Oltra Lluís
Published: February 2023

Augusto Zamora (Estelí, Nicaragua, 1954) está dedicado, en la actualidad, a la investigación y al periodismo. Fue profesor de Derecho internacional público y Relaciones internacionales en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y embajador de Nicaragua en España hasta 2013. Ha sido profesor en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua y es profesor invitado en distintas universidades de Europa y América Latina. Fue director jurídico del Ministerio del Exterior y jefe de gabinete del ministro del Exterior de 1979 hasta 1990. Formó parte del equipo negociador de Nicaragua en los procesos de paz de Contadora y Esquipulas, desde su inicio hasta la derrota electoral del sandinismo. Abogado de Nicaragua en el caso contra EEUU en la Corte Internacional de Justicia y en otros casos en este tribunal, ha participado en numerosas misiones diplomáticas y negociaciones en Naciones Unidas, la OEA y el Movimiento de Países No Alineados. Miembro de número de la Academia de Geografía e Historia de Nicaragua, ha colaborado en los diarios El Mundo y Público en España, así como en otros medios de prensa en España e Iberoamérica desde hace dos décadas. Desde los años noventa viene publicando con regularidad obras sobre la geopolítica mundial, primero en relación a Nicaragua y después ampliando el foco a América Latina y el resto del mundo. Tenemos la conversación a distancia, telemáticamente, y Augusto Zamora nos habla desde una pequeña finca familiar, disfrutando de un café de cosecha propia y del entorno natural de su Nicaragua natal. No vacila en exceso en sus respuestas, porque los temas que abordamos son asuntos trabajados y documentados ampliamente por él.
From Bama’s Karukku ([1992] 2014) to Yashica Dutt’s Coming Out as Dalit: A Memoir (2019): The Changing Nature of Dalit Feminist Consciousness
Authors: Cherechés Bianca
Published: February 2023

Dalit literature articulates the oppression and exploitation faced by Dalits in a caste-ridden society as it records their social and cultural lives before and after India’s independence. This cultural revolt that burgeoned in the 1970s has largely been Dalit male-centric in its orientation, adopting paternalistic and patronising tones towards Dalit women. As a consequence, Dalit women remained firmly encapsulated in the patriarchal roles of the silent, agenciless and ‘victimised sexual being,’ perpetuating thus gendered stereotypes. These accounts failed to properly address Dalit women’s predicament and the interlocking oppression of caste and gender, which compelled them to create a distinct space for themselves. Dalit women have traversed a long path over the last four decades. During this time, their consciousness has evolved in many ways as reflected in Dalit writing. Life narratives, such as Bama’s Karukku and Yashica Dutt’s Coming Out as Dalit: A Memoir, function as the locus of enunciation where agency and self-identity are attended and asserted by Dalit women, through different approaches. As the social location determines the perception of reality, this paper attempts a look at how these two texts tackle and bring to the centre the gendered nature of caste and the power relations that still affect Dalit women, from a heterogeneous standpoint. It further analyses how through form, language and subject matter, Dalit women attempt to defy generic conventions, depart from imposed identities, and build up resistance against this enduring double oppression and the forces that insist on homogenising Dalit body politics.
Understanding Instructors’Motivations to Improve MOOC Sustainability
Authors: Despujol Ignacio , Castañeda Linda , Turró Carlos
Published: February 2023

The global success of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) makes its analysis crucial to guarantee the quality, engagement, and best results in their implementation. Much research has been dedicated to understanding learner’s experience and institutional results, but few papers have studied the instructor’s perspective, which is essential to making MOOC a sustainable endeavor. This study has examined the perceived motivation for participating in a MOOC initiative and the impact on their career development for 79 teachers involved in a university experience that has made more than 600 editions of 115 MOOCs with 4 million enrolments. The study aims to confirm and expand previous studies’ findings and consolidate the institutional strategy regarding the resources and dynamics of MOOCs. Main research findings indicate intrinsic motivation factors are essential for MOOC instructors, and the lack of official recognition can be a relevant factor affecting MOOCs’ long-time sustainability.
¿Límites internos en El Argar? Primeros datos sobre los asentamientos argáricos de la rambla de Algeciras (SE Ibérico) y su estructuración territorial
Authors: Cutillas-Victoria Benjamín , López-López Alberto , Baños Serrano José
Published: February 2023

Los recientes trabajos de campo desarrollados en la rambla de Algeciras han permitido documentar la intensa y heterogénea ocupación de esta área en época argárica (2200-1550 a. C.). A pesar de la profunda alteración antrópica que ha sufrido este entorno, los resultados obtenidos mediante prospección selectiva, excavación arqueológica y revisión de contextos antiguos apuntan a la existencia de un importante foco de concentración poblacional que, con probabilidad, debió mantener una estrecha relación con el cercano núcleo de La Almoloya. El análisis de los distintos tipos de asentamiento identificados dibuja un patrón de ocupación y explotación intensivo del territorio, así como la existencia de diversas posiciones dedicadas a labores de control y vigilancia del entorno inmediato. A partir de una lectura multiescalar, el objetivo de este trabajo es discutir los resultados obtenidos y plantear qué papel pudo desarrollar este conjunto de asentamientos en el marco de las entidades políticas y territoriales propuestas para el sureste de la Península Ibérica durante el Bronce Argárico.
Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis Unmasked by COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Becker Erica C. , Siddique Osama , Kapur Dinesh , Patel Krishna , Mehendiratta Vaibhav
Published: February 2023

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a rare fibro-inflammatory disease with 2 distinct subtypes of which each has their own clinical presentation, risk factors, and histopathological patterns. We present a case of newly diagnosed type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis in a symptomatic 54-year-old man with stable ulcerative colitis 1 month after COVID-19 vaccination. Previous reports have indicated that vaccinations can trigger autoimmune disease in predisposed individuals. This case discusses the occurrence of autoimmune pancreatitis triggered after COVID-19 vaccination.
Tranexamic Acid as a Successful Therapy in Turner Syndrome With Recurrent Overt Gastrointestinal Bleeding due to Small Intestinal Venous Anomalies
Authors: Lertwilaiwittaya Pongtawat , Weber Frederick H.
Published: February 2023

Small intestinal venous abnormalities are an underrecognized condition as an etiology of overt gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in patients with Turner syndrome. Evidence-based therapeutic options for these lesions are lacking in the published literature. A 47-year-old woman with Turner syndrome with a 30-year course of recurrent GI bleeding was found to harbor diffuse small intestinal venous ectasias through endoscopic imaging. Achievement of a 21-month clinical remission (elimination of hospitalizations for overt GI bleeding and normalization of hemoglobin concentration) was reached after initiation of tranexamic acid titrated to 2,600 mg daily.
A Case of Erdheim-Chester Disease Causing Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Kamalumpundi Vijayvardhan , Rieth John , Tran Huy , Ashat Munish , Zhang Xiaocen
Published: February 2023

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive disease characterized by foamy CD68 + CDa-histiocytic infiltration into multiple tissues and organs. Only 1,500 cases have been diagnosed since 1930 when ECD was first described. Biliary tract involvement of ECD has only been reported in the literature once. We report a case of ECD causing extrahepatic biliary obstruction without significant bile duct dilation, mimicking primary sclerosing cholangitis or IgG4 disease.
Undifferentiated Carcinoma With Osteoclast-Like Giant Cells: A Rare Cause of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Ventura Sofia , Rodrigues Pedro , Cancela Eugénia , Carvalho Ana Catarina , Rodrigues Cláudio , Domingues Ângela , Pinho Juliana , Martins Diana , Silva Américo
Published: February 2023

Undifferentiated osteoclast-like giant cell carcinomas (UOLGCCs) of the digestive tract are very rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. An 82-year-old man was referred to the emergency department for melena. Endoscopic examination revealed a hemicircumferential ulcerovegetative lesion, involving the bulbar apex and extending to the second portion of the duodenum; biopsies revealed an UOLGCC. The patient underwent transfusion support therapy, and he was proposed for best supportive care. Duodenal UOLGCC is an extremely rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical findings and therapeutic approach represent a challenge in this pathology.
A Novel Nomogram to Predict Resectable Gastric Cancer Based on Preoperative Circulating Tumor Cell
Authors: Xia Feng , Zhang Qiao , Ndhlovu Elijah , Zhang Mingyu , Zou You
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been suggested to have an important prognostic role in gastrointestinal tumors. We developed a preoperative CTC-based nomogram to predict the prognosis of patients with resectable gastric cancer after surgery and established a risk stratification system based on the nomogram.

METHODS:

From January 2012 to June 2017, we screened 258 patients with gastric cancer treated with surgery from one center as the training cohort and 133 patients with gastric cancer treated with surgery from another as the validation cohort, screened prognostic factors for the training cohort using univariate and multivariate Cox risk proportional models, created predictive overall survival (OS) and a recurrence-free survival (RFS) nomogram, and plotted the receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration curve for this nomogram in the training and validation cohorts. Risk score stratification was performed according to the nomogram, and OS curves were plotted for the low, medium, and high-risk groups using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS:

The CTC positivity rate was 78.5% in all patients. CTC, TNM stage, and Ki-67 were the prognostic factors affecting OS and RFS after gastric cancer surgery. The nomogram consisted of these 3 variables. In the training group, the area under the curve of the nomogram for OS at 1, 3, and 5 years was 0.918, 0.829, and 0.813, respectively, and the area under the curve for RFS was 0.900, 0884, and 0.839, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in OS among the low, medium, and high-risk groups according to the risk stratification system constructed from nomogram scores (P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

Two nomograms based on preoperative CTC were established to predict OS and RFS after resectable gastric cancer. The 2 nomograms had good discrimination and calibration and significant stratification ability of the risk stratification system established according to them.
An Analysis on the Relationship between the Characteristics of Seoul's Innovative Autonomous School and Teacher Efficacy
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Woo Myung-Suk , Shin Seon-Hi , Kim Misook
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the complex relationship between teacherefficacy and the characteristics of the Innovative Autonomous School(democratic decision making,teacher learning community, student growth-centered curriculum, principal/administrator leadership,administrative system supporting creative education, support and supervision by the Office of Education,and cooperation of school and community).
Methods: A survey was conducted on the perceptions of the teachers at the Innovative AutonomousSchool and path analysis was performed.
Results: The research findings are as follows: first, support and supervision by the Office of Educationshowed an indirect effect through administrative system supporting creative education within a schoolon teacher efficacy, democratic decision making, a student growth-centered curriculum, and the teacherlearning community. It could be construed that the support by the Office of Education for schoolautonomy and administrative innovation within the school allowed teachers to focus on their teaching andlearning activities and are major variables affecting teacher efficacy. Second, principal(administrator)leadership showed an indirect effect through the administrative system supporting creative educationwithin a school on teacher efficacy, democratic decision making, student growth-centered curriculum,and the teacher learning community. Principal(administrator) leadership showed a direct effect ondemocratic decision making. The total effect of principal/administrator leadership on democratic decisionmaking was the largest among all pathways. Third, teacher efficacy showed a significant correlationwith democratic decision making, teacher learning community, and a student growth-centered curriculum.
Conclusion: Although Innovative Autonomous Schools are similar to Innovative Schools, the formercan be seen as differentiated from the latter in that they actually realize school autonomy and canbe a model for school autonomy.
Koherensi Putusan Hakim Dalam Pembuktian Ganti Rugi Imateriel Perbuatan Melawan Hukum
Authors: Suryoutomo Markus , Mariyam Siti , Satria Adhi Putra
Published: February 2023

Rumusan Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata telah menormakan perbuatan melawan hukum. Norma tersebut mengatur pula secara limitatif asas hukum penggantian kerugian yang bersifat wajib. Bahkan, dalam berbagai perkara di pengadilan, seringkali hakim secara ex-officio (kewenangan hakim dalam jabatannya), memberikan dan menetapkan penggantian kerugian (schade vergoeding) meskipun pihak korban tidak menuntutnya. Ganti kerugian atas gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum dalam KUHPerdata hanya mengatur kerugian materiel akan tetapi tidak mengatur ganti kerugian imateriel. Kerugian materiel (materiële schadevergoeding) merupakan kerugian bersifat wujud yang dapat dinilai dengan uang. Kajian normatif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis koherensi putusan hakim dalam pembuktian ganti rugi imateriel perbuatan melawan hukum. Kajian ini menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Kajian ini menunjukan pemberian ganti kerugian materiil dapat diberikan oleh hakim dengan bukti-bukti kerugian yang diderita. Kerugian imateriel (immateriële schadevergoeding) berupa segala sesuatu yang bersifat non-materi yang jumlahnya tidak dapat diperhitungkan secara matematis. Syaratnya adalah bahwa jumlah ganti-rugi tersebut haruslah wajar. Pemberian ganti kerugian imateriel dapat dikabulkan oleh hakim berdasarkan kebijaksanaannya dengan prinsip ex aequo et bono (naar een goede justitie rechtdoen).
Urgensi Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Jurnalis dari Risiko Kriminalisasi UU Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik di Indonesia
Authors: Alhakim Abdurrakhman
Published: February 2023

Kriminalisasi yang dialami oleh para jurnalis seringkali dikaitkan dengan pasal pencemaran nama baik (defamasi), ujaran kebencian, hingga pornografi. Pasal-pasal “karet” tersebut cenderung bersifat multitafsir dan digunakan untuk menghindari kritik dari jurnalis. Berkaca pada fenomena tersebut, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan kajian terkait arti penting dari jaminan perlindungan hukum terhadap jurnalis yang kritis sehingga tidak dikriminalisasikan oleh pasal Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE). Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan untuk mengkaji hukum perlindungan para jurnalis melalui revisi UU ITE dan penguatan UU Pers dengan memperhatikan kepentingan pers dalam memberikan berita publik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kriminalisasi yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum akibat salah tafsir akan berdampak pada pengucilan suara pers. Pemerintah harus menjamin perlindungan jurnalis sebagai pertanggungjawaban bahwa Indonesia mendukung kebebasan pers dan demokrasi. Dengan demikian, para regulator harus menempatkan masalah kriminalisasi terhadap bidang jurnalistik sebagai prioritas untuk mewujudkan makna sesungguhnya dari demokrasi.
Studi Komparasi Formulasi Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Di Indonesia Dan Malaysia
Authors: Wardhana Rangganata Adhi Kusuma , Sularto R.B.
Published: February 2023

Tindak pidana pencucian uang dapat menodai kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara karena tindak pidana ini dapat membahayakan stabilitas dan keamanan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji permasalahan mengenai kebijakan formulasi tindak pidana pencucian uang (Money Laundering) di Indonesia dan Malaysia, yang pada dasarnya untuk merancang kebijakan formulasi tindak pidana pencucian uang di Indonesia di masa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan komparasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, diketahui bahwa tindak pidana pencucian uang di kedua Negara sudah ditegakkan dengan adanya undang-undang yang mengaturnya dengan baik. Kemudian ditemukan bahwa ada perbedaan yang mencolok dalam predicate offence, dan sanksi pidana dari kedua undang-undang tersebut. Perbedaan tersebut terjadi karena undang-undang dibuat dan disesuaikan dengan keadaan tiap negara dan tujuan yang dicapai dari suatu negara tersebut. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa kebijakan formulasi TPPU di Indoensia perlu diperbaharui terutama pada Pasal 3, Pasal 4, Pasal 5, Pasal 8 dan Pasal 69 UU TPPU.
Implikasi Hukum Status Kewarganegaraan Asing Pada Calon Terpilih Dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah
Authors: Suhendarto Bonaventura Pradana , Saraswati Retno
Published: February 2023

Dinamika permasalahan dalam proses pilkada terus berkembang, seperti pilkada Kabupaten Sabu Raijua tahun 2020. Fenomena fakta hukum pelanggaran administrasi calon terpilih baru diketahui pasca penetapan calon terpilih pilkada menjadi persoalan aktual yang belum mampu diakomodasi dalam Undang-Undang Pilkada. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan kajian mengenai status calon terpilih dan evaluasi penyelenggaraan pilkada terhadap pelanggaran administrasi peserta pilkada sebagai fakta hukum baru yang diketahui pasca penetapan calon terpilih oleh KPUD. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan kasus dan perundang-undangan. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa adanya dokumen kewarganegaraan lain menyebabkan status kewarganegaraan Indonesia gugur dengan sendirinya, karena Indonesia tidak menganut kewarganegaraan ganda. Gugurnya status tersebut menyebabkan seseorang tidak dapat memperoleh hak politik di Indonesia dan penetapan calon terpilih tersebut harus dibatalkan karena hilangnya status kewarganegaraan Indonesia. Fakta ini terjadi karena ada celah hukum dan kurangnya sinergitas penyelenggara serta kepedulian peserta pilkada maupun masyarakat.
Intoleransi Dalam Pembangunan Rumah Ibadah Berdasarkan Hak Konstitusional Warga Negara
Authors: Suryawati Nany , Syaputri Martika Dini
Published: February 2023

Dasar Negara Indonesia telah menjamin hak asasi warga negara untuk memeluk agama dan untuk beribadat, hak untuk beribadat tak lepas dari hak untuk mendirikan rumah ibadat yang diatur dalam Peraturan Bersama Menteri Agama dan Menteri Dalam Negeri Tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Tugas Kepala Daerah/Wakil Kepala Daerah Dalam Pemeliharaan Kerukunan Umat Beragama, Pemberdayaan Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama, dan Pendirian Rumah Ibadat. Namun demikian terdapat tantangan dalam mendirikan rumah ibadat bagi pemeluk agama minoritas pada berbagai wilayah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan disertai dengan analisis mengenai penolakan maupun penerimaan terhadap pendirian rumah ibadat. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, meskipun telah diatur dalam Peraturan Bersama Menteri, masih terdapat celah lahirnya intoleransi dari pasal-pasal dalam Peraturan Bersama Menteri terhadap pendirian rumah ibadat kelompok agama minoritas. Kedua, Peraturan Bersama Menteri mengatur pula mengenai penyelesaian konflik antar umat beragama melalui FKUB, namun karena jumlah anggota representative FKUB didominasi oleh kelompok agama mayoritas maka penyelesaian masalah sangat berpengaruh atas kehendak kelompok agama mayoritas. Peran kepala daerah sebagai “key-role” terkait intoleransi dalam pembangunan rumah ibadat dapat dilakukan dengan membentuk perda terkait toleransi serta menyelesaikan permasalahan terkait pendirian rumah ibadat di wilayahnya secara proporsional dan tidak memihak.
Dampak Pengurangan Aktivitas Pelabuhan Peti Kemas Semarang Dengan Pelabuhan Ning-Bo China Terhadap Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Pengangkutan Ekspor-Impor
Authors: Almadina Nisa , Badriyah Siti Malikhatun
Published: February 2023

Kebijakan pengurangan aktivitas pelabuhan akibat pandemic COVID-19 telah berdampak terhadap pelaksanaan perjanjian pengangkutan barang ekspor-impor di Indonesia. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dengan dikenakannya biaya penumpukan hal ini menjadi permasalahan bagi pengangkut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak pengurangan aktivitas pelabuhan terhadap pelaksanaan perjanjian pengangkutan ekspor-impor di Indoensia. Penelitian ini  menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan berlakunya Surat Edaran Direktur Jenderal Perhubungan Laut tahun 2020 tentang Pembatasan Penumpang di Kapal, Angkutan Logistik dan Pelayanan Pelabuhan Selama Masa Darurat Penanggulangan Bencana Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) berpengaruh terhadap pemberlakuan kebijakan pembatasan transportasi terhadap laju pengiriman barang impor di Indonesia yang mengakibatkan penumpukan barang di Pelabuhan dan membuat perusahaan akan dikenai denda sesuai berapa hari waktu penumpukan. Berdasarkan Keppres bahwa COVID-19 dikategorikan sebagai force majeure, dapat membebaskan debitur dari kewajiban membayar denda, ganti rugi Di negara Tiongkok belum ada pengaturan mengenai COVID-19 sebagai force majeure. Perbedaan pengaturan berimplikasi dikenakan denda bagi eksportir Indonesia ke Tiongkok karena keterlambatan akibat adanya pembatasan pengiriman barang ekspor-impor tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai force majeure.
Tinjauan Hukum Pembagian Royalti Paten Atas Invensi Melalui Hubungan Dinas Dengan Instansi Pemerintah
Authors: Wahyuni Tyas Dian , Suryasaladin Ranggalawe
Published: February 2023

Perkembangan hak kekayaan intelektual dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan teknologi. Salah satu bentuk kekayaan intelektual adalah Paten yang diciptakan oleh para inventor baik yang bekerja pada swasta maupun yang berstatus sebagai Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN). Bagi inventor berstatus sebagai ASN, invensi yang dihasilkan tentunya didasari atas hubungan dinas dengan instansi pemerintah di mana ASN tersebut bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana mekanisme pembagian royalti atas paten dari invensi yang dihasilkannya dan apakah pembagian royalti paten tersebut telah memenuhi hak ekonomi inventor atas invensinya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa “work made for hire” sebagaimana dipaparkan di atas, pembagian royalti paten atas suatu invensi yang dilakukan dalam hubungan dinas dengan instansi pemerintah tidak hanya dimiliki oleh inventor saja melainkan juga milik instansi pemerintah di mana inventor tersebut bekerja. Pemenuhan hak atas royalti paten yang dihasilkan dari hubungan dinas dengan instansi pemerintah, Kementerian Keuangan menetapkan PMK 136/2021. Invensi yang dihasilkan dalam hubungan dinas dengan instansi pemerintah menerima imbalan atas royalti paten setelah memenuhi kriteria yaitu dalam proses pendaftaran/pencatatan atau telah diatas namakan milik negara; telah dilisensikan; telah menghasilkan PNBP; dan hasil PNBP dimaksud telah disetor ke negara.
Legalitas Penjualan Obat Psikotropika Secara Online Di Indonesia
Authors: Ernawaty Ernawaty , Murtiningsih Dyas Witri , Triwidianto Edwin , Sanjaya Gede , Huda Mokhamad Khoirul
Published: February 2023

Saat ini, perdagangan online menjadi familiar bagi usaha bisnis masyarakat karena dapat memperluas cakupan bisnisnya. Di sisi lain, perdagangan online juga dimanfaatkan oleh beberapa orang sebagai platform untuk menjual obat-obat psikotropika. Penelitian ini legal normatif dengan pendekatan legal (pendekatan statuta) dan pendekatan kasus. Penelitian ini menjelaskan fakta perdagangan obat-obatan psikotropika yang tidak sejalan dengan hukum dan membahas aspek legalitas penjualan obat psikotropika secara online. Hasil penelitian bahwa peraturan perundang undang tentang psikotropika masih belum memenuhi kebutuhan hukum yang muncul akibat dari perkembangan transaksi online terutama terkait penjualan psikotropika secara online. Perlu melakukan pembaharuan hukum dengan cara melanjutkan amandemen dan mengesahkan RUU tentang Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan yang prosesnya terhenti di tahun 2019, dalam rangka pengendalian secara hukum penggunaan pasar online (marketplace) secara illegal untuk menjual obat-obatan psikotropika
Optimalisasi Kinerja Pegawai Pembuat Akta Ikrar Wakaf (PPAIW) Dalam Pelaksanaan Hukum Wakaf Tanah Di Indonesia
Authors: Musyafah Aisyah Ayu , Islamiyati Islamiyati , Muhyidin Muhyidin , Andikatama Achmad Zulfa
Published: February 2023

PPAIW mempunyai tugas pokok dalam penyediaan administrasi wakaf dan melayani keperluan calon wakif yang akan mewakafkan sebagian bendanya sesuai dengan ketentuan perudang-undangan. Namun, peran PPAIW dalam memberikan pelayanan wakaf tanah di masyarakat belum optimal yaitu masih lambannya melayani syarat administrasi wakaf tanah terbatasnya kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM) PPAIW yang ahli dalam hukum wakaf kesadaran hukum masyarakat dalam berwakaf di PPAIW masih rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kinerja PPAIW, mengidentifikasi problematika hukum, dan merumuskan optimalisasi kinerja PPAIW. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan analisis kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kinerja PPAIW belum sesuai dengan indicator konsep kerja. Problematika PPAIW sebagai lembaga pelayan masyarakat yaitu sumber daya personal PPAIW, partisipasi masyarakat dan anggaran yang mendukung kinerja. Problematika hukum PPAIW yang berasal dari sumber daya personal PPAIW, yakni; kurangnya kemampuan dalam memahami asas-asas penyelesaian sengketa, dan mensosialisasikan perkembangan regulasi. Optimalisasi kinerja PPAIW yakni meningkatkan sumber daya PPAIW dan bekerjasama dengan instansi yang berkaitan.
Reformulasi Pemberantasan Korupsi di Indonesia: Perspektif Kepolisian Menghadapi Korupsi Sebagai Ancaman Perang Proksi
Authors: Suprihanto Eko , Utama Yos Johan , Cahyaningtyas Irma
Published: February 2023

Korupsi sebagai metode perang proksi adalah upaya mempengaruhi kebijakan dalam negeri melalui pendekatan secara legal atau ilegal kepada badan hukum atau perorangan yang memegang otoritas publik atau terkait dengan kepentingan publik. Kepolisian (Polri) sebagai salah satu instansi yang berwenang melakukan pemberantasan korupsi dituntut untuk mengoptimalkan pemberantasan korupsi di Indonesia melalui fungsinya di bidang pencegahan dan penindakan atau penegakan hukum. Sehingga perlu suatu reformulasi dalam pemberantasan korupsi di Indonesia, khususnya dalam perspektif Kepolisian menghadapi korupsi sebagai ancaman perang proksi. Urgensi dari tulisan ini adalah untuk memberikan masukan tentang perlunya reformulasi pemberantasan korupsi di Indonesia khususnya yang dilaksanakan oleh Polri melalui fungsinya di bidang pencegahan dan penindakan atau penegakan hukum melalui penguatan organisasi Lembaga Anti Korupsi Polri dalam sebuah struktur yang tersentralisasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah yuridis normatif, dengan spesifikasi penelitian adalah deskriptif analitis serta dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui penelitian kepustakaan berupa penelaahan bahan kepustakaan dalam bentuk dokumen maupun peraturan perundang – undangan yang berlaku.Dari pembahasan yang dilakukan dapat ditarik kesimpulan tentang perlunya reformulasi pemberantasan korupsi dalam menghadapi ancaman perang proksi di Indonesia melalui penyempurnaan desain struktur organisasi anti korupsi Polri dalam suatu regulasi internal (Peraturan Polri) dan harus ditegakkan secara konsisten.
Pemaknaan Kebijakan Kriminal Perbuatan Santet dalam RUU KUHP
Authors: Faisal Faisal , Rahayu Derita Prapti , Darmawan Anri , Irfani Muhamad , Muttaqin Ahda
Published: February 2023

Santet kerap kali menimbulkan keresahan masyarakat, belum ada hukum positif yang mengatur tentang santet. RUU KUHP Nasional yang akan datang, santet dirumuskan dalam Pasal 252. Politik hukum dalam memformulasikan santet hanya menjangkau dimensi perbuatan bukan akibat dari perbuatan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi nilai dan pemaknaan kebijakan kriminal perbuatan santet. Hasil kajian menunjukkan, bahwa berdasarkan maksud dari Pasal 252 mencegah praktik main hakim sendiri, konstruksi nilai dibangun berbasis pada ide dasar pencegahan berorientasi pada kebijakan perlindungan masyarakat (social defence policy). Perspektif nilai yang ingin ditegaskan tercermin dalam teori relatif dicirikan bahwa tujuan pidana adalah mencegah kejahatan terjadi dan sebagai sarana memperbaiki pelaku kejahatan. Pemaknaan normatif, santet merupakan delik formil yang dilarang adalah perbuatannya bukan akibat yang ditimbulkan. Pemaknaan integrasi-sosial ialah upaya mendukung terwujudnya masyarakat yang patuh hukum maka kriminalisasi santet ditujukan pemeliharaan stabilitas masyarakat agar saling melindungi tidak membalas dengan perbuatan main hakim sendiri.
Penyitaan Hasil Korupsi Melalui Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture sebagai Upaya Pengembalian Kerugian Negara
Authors: Tantimin Tantimin
Published: February 2023

Tindak pidana korupsi menciptakan kerugian yang begitu besar. Indonesia berada di tengah urgensi dibentuknya mekanisme yang efektif dalam mengembalikan kerugian negara dalam tindak pidana korupsi. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis potensi upaya penyitaan hasil korupsi melalui non-conviction based asset forfeiture sebagai pengembalian kerugian negara. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya urgensi pembaruan mekanisme menanggulangi tindak pidana korupsi yang sudah ada, baik dari segi pidana maupun perdata, melalui mekanisme Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfetiure yang telah diatur dalam United Nation Convention Against Corruption, yang telah diratifikasi Indonesia melalui Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2006 tentang tentang Pengesahan United Nations Convention Against Corruption, 2003. Penelitian ini juga menjelaskan baiknya potensi pengaturan mengenai Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfetiure dalam menanggulangi dampak korupsi di Indonesia, melalui Rancangan Undang-Undang tentang Perampasan Aset Tindak Pidana yang hingga saat ini belum disahkan pemerintah.
Analysis of Strategic Factors for Successful Integrated System Implementation: Experiences from the Co-operative University of Kenya
Authors: Ngala Orucho Michael
Published: February 2023

An integrated resource planning (ERP) system is essential for automation of manual routine tedious organizational processes.  It is meant to improve efficiency and effectiveness at work. However, implementation of such systems, if not properly organized and appropriate strategies put in place to ensure its success, may take unnecessarily longer time than anticipated, or the whole system abandoned all together. This study sought to establish the most effective strategies that ensure successful and timely integrated system implementation.  Systems theory and Process theory approaches were used to anchor the study.  Case study was adopted as the research design.  The population of the study comprised twelve (12) departments within Co-operative University of Kenya where different system modules were rolled out for implementation. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Since data collected was largely categorical in nature, Chi-square was used to analyze relationship between variables.  It was established that personal interest and optimism is the most influential strategy in determining success and pace in integrated system implementation. The key recommendation that the study offers as insight to policy makers, body of theory and practitioners is the need to deliberately concentrate on strategies that induce personal interest and optimism among employees so as to ensure success during implementation of a new system or change.
Die Koordinierungsstelle NS-Raubgut an der Sächsischen Landesfachstelle für Bibliotheken in Chemnitz
Authors: Cirsovius Volker
Published: February 2023

Im Oktober 2021 hat die Koordinierungsstelle NS-Raubgut Provenienzforschung und Altbestand an der Sächsischen Landesfachstelle für Bibliotheken ihre Arbeit aufgenommen. Die Koordinierungsstelle NS-Raubgut hat die Aufgabe, die sächsischen Kommunen bei der wissenschaftlichen Suche nach NS-Raubgut in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken, der Restitution und der Aufarbeitung für die Öffentlichkeit zu unterstützen. Nach einem Jahr der Tätigkeit liefet dieser Artikel einen Überblick über die Ausgangslage und Herausforderungen bei der Suche nach NS-Raubgut im öffentlichen Bibliotheksbereich und hier besonders im ländlichen Raum.
Utilization of hybrid fibers in different types of concrete and their activity
Authors: Hadeed Mohammed , Humad Abeer M. , Al-Gburi Majid
Published: February 2023

In this work, the influence of using hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of two types of concrete: high-strength concrete (HSC) and lightweight concrete (LWC) was studied. Using hybrid fibers instead of using only one type reduced the negative effect on concrete mechanical performance. The glass fiber (GF) and polypropylene fiber (PPF) were used in different contents ranged from 0.2 to 1% as weight % of binder content. Moreover, combinations of both fibers “GF + PPF” were used in contents % of “0.3 + 0.5%,” “0.5 + 0.5%,” “0.3 + 1%,” and “0.5 + 1%.” LWC mixes were prepared by replacing 40% of the coarse aggregate of reference mix with volcanic material (pumice) as a volumetric replacing. To produce HSC, the water-to-cement ratio was reduced to 0.3, 10% silica fume was added, and 1% super plasticizer was used to obtain the consistency. Compressive strength, splitting strength, and flexural strength tests were carried out. The results showed that using 0.7% GF displayed the highest increases in compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength of HSC and LWC mixes. Furthermore, GF exhibited better performance and higher values in compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength tests in comparison with PPF. The optimum hybrid fiber content displaying the highest increment of all tested properties in both concrete types, HSC and LWC, was “0.5% GF + 0.5% PPF.”