bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
පී. බී. අල්විස් පෙරේරාට විෂය වූ වැටුප් ශ්‍රමික කම්කරු ප්‍රජාව; වේදනාව කාව්‍ය සංග්‍රහය ආශ්‍රයෙන් කරන ලද විශ්ලේෂණාත්මක අධ්‍යයනයක් Wage-Labour Community through P. B. Alwis Perera’s Poetic Subjects; An Analytical Study based on “Wedanawa” (Pain) Poetry Collection.
Authors: ආචාර්ය හංසමාලා රිටිගහපොළ
Published: December 2024

P.B. Alwis Perera is identified as a poet belonging to the second generation of the Colombo era, who was influenced by the Socialist Movement which spread after the 1930s in Sri Lanka. Of all his poetry collections, ‘Wedanawa’ is the ultimatum that signals the impact mentioned above. The objective of this study is to analyze how the poet has depicted wage-labour community in this particular collection.  The analysis also focuses on how Sri Lankan poetic movement evolved from being limited to aesthetic and religious themes during the Anurdhapura era to focus on social realities. The study emphasizes P.B Alwis’ unique contribution to the progress of the Sinhala poetic tradition as a Romantic poet. The analysis of the sample, which is the ‘Wedanawa’ poetry collection shows that the poems are composed to portray the ideologies associated with Classism of the poet. A qualitative analysis of the sample was carried out using Marxist and Socialist concepts on wage-labours and labour community. Hence this is an instance which breaches the idea that ‘Art for art’s sake’ and establishes the conceptual orientations of class-based social realities that the poet represents. Therefore, this poetry collection can definitely be identified as a one that changed the direction of Sinhala poetry to a novel avenue.
Intrinsic disordered nature and prediction of secondary structures of pinoresinol lariciresinol reductases 2 in Flax (Linum usitatissimum)
Authors: PREEDHI KAPOOR , RIDHI JOSHI , MARIDUL KUNDAN , GURMEEN RAKHRA
Published: December 2024

Flax (Linum usitatissimum) contains a wide range of essential nutrients, such as proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), phenolic compounds, fibers, flavonoids, and lignans. The production of lignans in flax is mainly caused by pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases (PLRs). Amongst these, PLR2s play a pivotal function by contributing to the further reduction of lariciresinol to secoisolariciresinol in the biosynthesis of lignans. However, the in-silico analysis of PLR2 gene family interlinking the intrinsic disordered nature and secondary structures that could support this hypothesis is still missing in Flax. Herein, we present the first study of Intrinsic disorder proteins (IDPs) in flax to gain an understanding of their biological functions. This study was conducted from June to August 2024 at the Department of Biochemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. The flax genome assembly from Phytozome was used to retrieve 30 PLR2 genes which encode for 30 PLR2 proteins. Further, we used PONDR database to identify the intrinsic disordered nature of the proteins while GOR database was used to predict the secondary structures. For identifying the amino acid composition, Protparam database was used. The results of PONDR database revealed that all the proteins are somewhat disordered whereas amino acid composition marked the presence of disorder-promoting residues in almost all the proteins. Secondary structure predictions by GOR revealed the presence of coils, helices and strands. To relate the structural functional relationship, it is of the utmost importance to have an in-depth knowledge of the balance between intrinsic disorder and secondary structure as this will provide key insights into the dynamic functionality and regulatory mechanisms that are the foundation of complex biological processes.
Konseling Individual untuk Mengatasi Problematika Penyalahgunaan Narkoba pada Remaja
Authors: Ratu Bau , Amelia Laura , Azril Moh. , Nur Moh. , Putri Putri , Nggego Vitensia Meliani , Elfira Ninil
Published: December 2024

Adolescence is a transition stage from childhood to adulthood. In this phase, teenagers are very vulnerable to the influence of their peers' social environments. Lack of guidance and support from the immediate environment can encourage teenagers to dare to commit deviant acts to attract the attention of others. One form of juvenile delinquency that may occur is drug abuse. To face the challenges of drug abuse in adolescents, one approach that can be applied is individual counseling. This research uses a qualitative approach. The analytical method used in this research is the library research method. The analysis is carried out carefully, critically, and sharply so as to produce a synthesis that is logical and rational and can be tested. Through individual counseling sessions, teenagers can receive special guidance and support tailored to their unique needs and conditions in an effort to overcome drug dependence.
Species diversity and structural features of macrobenthos in coastal lagoon ecosystems, the Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea taken as an example
Authors: Stolyarov A. P.
Published: December 2024

The Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea taken as an example, the present study is devoted to its coastal lagoon ecosystems known to differ in their species diversity and structural features, including macrobenthos. Features of the species composition, spatial structure and diversity of macrobenthic sublittoral communities in 4 coastal lagoon ecosystems of the White Sea were studied and analyzed. In the sublittoral of the study lagoons, 39 species of zoobenthos and 4 species of sea weeds and algae (Zostera marina, Cladophora sericea, Ruppia maritima, Salicornia pojarkovae) were found. The lowest indices of species diversity and biomass of macrobenthos were revealed in lagoons significantly fenced off and remote from the sea, where littoral eurytopic small species of zoobenthos (Macoma balthica, Peringia ulvae, Tubificoides benedii, Littorina littorea, Mytilus edulis, Chironomus salinarius) were found to mainly dominate. In the lagoons in which the connection to the sea was stronger, less euryhaline sublittoral invertebrate species prevailed with higher indices of species diversity and total biomass of the macrobenthos community (Nereimyra punctata, Terebellides stroemi, Caprella linearis, Asterias rubens, Molgula griffithsii). Most of the lagoon ecosystems we examined, with the exception of the one most open to the sea, were characterized by low values of ABC indices and a disturbed structure of the macrobenthos community with the predominance of mainly small species of detritophages, this being associated with the negative effects of siltation, carbon loading and salinity (especially in spring or during the times of heavy rain).
New faunistic and taxonomic data on oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of Cuba
Authors: Ermilov S. G. , Tolstikov A. V.
Published: December 2024

The present study is based on the oribatid mite material collected from the Pinar del Río Province, Cuba. A list of 22 species, belonging to 17 genera and 13 families, is presented. Nine species are reported from Cuba for the first time. Two new species are described from aquatic plants: Tyrphonothrus pinarensis Ermilov sp. n. (Malaconothridae) and Scheloribates (Topobates) rioensis Ermilov sp. n. (Scheloribatidae). The tritonymphal instar of T. pinarensis is described.
Allopsontus stepposus sp. n., a new species of bristletail (Microcoryphia, Machilidae) from the western coast of Сrimea
Authors: Kaplin V. G.
Published: December 2024

A new species of bristletail, Allopsontus stepposus sp. n., is described from the western Crimea. In the structure of the antennal flagella, the chaetotaxy of the maxillary and labial palps, the sensory field on the fore femora, the abdominal sternites and parameres, it seems to be especially similar to A. tauricus Kaplin 2024, described from a nearby area in western Crimea. These two species are clearly distinguished by the pattern formed by differently colored scales on the dorsal side of the abdomen, as well as the color and shape of the paired ocelli. The species also differ in the width to length ratio of the paired ocelli, the structure of the 3rd article of the labial palp, and the size of the apical angle of the abdominal sternites.
New and little-known crickets of the subfamily Phalangopsinae (Orthoptera, Gryllidae). 16. The subtribe Luzarina from Panama and Peru
Authors: Gorokhov A. V.
Published: December 2024

Position and diagnostic characters of the subtribe Luzarina Hebard 1928, аs well as the genera Niquirana Hebard 1928, Luzara Walker 1869, Amusodes Hebard 1928 and Prosthama Hebard 1928 are briefly discussed, the latter genus being herewith returned to this subtribe. The following new taxa of Luzarina are described from Panama and Peru: Niquirana? chiriqui sp. n.; Luzara cusco sp. n.; L. panama sp. n.; Prosthama chagres sp. n.; P. amistad sp. n.; Azulzara minutissima gen. et sp. n. The male genitalia of Amusodes и Prosthama are described and illustrated for the first time, and A.?festae Hebard 1928 is redescribed on the base of new material.
Reproductive potential of the Taimyr wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in 1987–2021
Authors: Shapkin A. M.
Published: December 2024

Results of a study on the reproductive potential of the Taimyr wild deer in the 1987–2021 are presented. The material for the population analysis was formed by empirical samples of altogether 3695 females 2 to 17 years old each and the initial data from aerial surveys of the Taimyr population. The potential fecundity of the species in this part of the circumpolar distribution range (northern Central Siberia) in 1987–1990 averaged 0.412 ± 0.015 female fetuses per mature female. The potential fecundity, both male and female fetuses, totaled 82.4 fetuses per 100 adult females. The realized reproduction of the population in July 1988 amounted to 75.08 calves, vs 75.31 calves per 100 mature females in July 1990. Hence the infant mortality before calving for that monitoring period was 8.6–8.9%. Given the controlled use of the population resources in 1966–1990 (Soviet period), the linear regression equation for adult females was y = 4.6704x + 140.08 thousand (R2 = 0.5342, Ᾱ =5.2%), the linear trend in the numbers of underyearling calves in the period 1975–1990 being y = 5.15x + 73.9 thousand (R2 = 0.84, Ᾱ = 2.76%, r = 0.24, p 0.05). The maximum “yield” of 142.5 thousand calves was noted for the Taimyr population in the summer of 1988. The potential fecundity of the Taimyr deer decreased in 1996–1998 and amounted to 0.339 ± 0.0362 female fetuses per adult female, vs 0.379 ± 0.0013 in 1999–2006, the realized fecundity in the postnatal period in 2002–2007 was found to be 0.295 ± 0.009 females per adult female, or 59.03 calves (males + females) per 100 adult females; this can be interpreted as elimination from spring to autumn of more than 16 calves per 100 adult females (mortality rate 21.3%). Using a linear regression for the 32-year interval between 1990 and 2021, the numbers of adult deer females dropped to y = –14.36x + 231.14 thousand (R2 = 0.48, Ᾱ = 2.4, rxy= 0.89, p 0.01 (tp = 4.36, p 0.01)). The predicted abundance of adult females based on a completed point forecast for the summer of 2022 is estimated at 116.23 thousand heads, vs 101.86 thousand for the summer of 2023. The trend equation for the juvenile group of Taimyr deer showed the following quantitative characteristics in the 1990–2021 interval: y = –21.35х + 175.51 thousand (R2 = 0.95, Ᾱ = 2.9, rxy = 0.98, p 0.01 (tp = 11.01, p 0.001)). Changes in the characteristics of the natal group are negative, as the existing rates of reproduction in the population do not balance its decline. There is a clear trend towards a decrease in the biotic potential of the Taimyr population at the current rates of reproduction in its migration flows and a further decline in the productivity of the species in that part of the circumpolar distribution range.
Biomechanic potentials of the canine and carnassial teeth in the lines of American mink (Neogale vison Schreber 1777) following their selection for defensive behavior traits as compared to a natural population and related species
Authors: Vasilyev A. G. , Vasilyeva I. A. , Chibiryak M. V. , Lokhneva N. A. , Trapezov O. V.
Published: December 2024

Differences between the lines of aggressive and tame American minks that arose as a result of selection for traits of defensive behavior (16–17 generations) were revealed based on the biomechanic indices of the mandible characterizing the mechanic potentials of the canine and carnassial teeth. The results are consistent with D. K. Belyaev’s theory of destabilizing selection: along with an increase in the variability of functions and the destabilization of the historically established system of their sexual differences (sexual dimorphism), new biomechanic features of the mandible were formed in the line of tame minks. In contrast, the control line of non-selected minks unaffected by selection retained significant sex differences in biomechanic indices. Between the American minks from a Canadian natural population and the lines of aggressive and tame individuals, the differences in biomechanic indicators were less pronounced than between the lines themselves. Differences between the American mink, the European mink (Mustela lutreola L. 1758) and the Siberian weasel (M. sibirica Pallas 1773) in the biomechanic potentials of the canine and predatory teeth of the mandible which reflect specializations in the genus Neogale and the specifics of the hunting behavior of the species were found. In the invasive American mink, the mechanic potential (MP) of the canine tooth prevails, vs the MP of the carnassial tooth both in the European mink and the Siberian weasel, this trait being capable of ensuring the divergence of their trophic niches and contribute to the preservation of native species in areas of their sympatry with N. vison.
Development and haulout ecological capacities in the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica Gmelin 1788, Phocidae) on Dolgiy Island, Ushkanyi Islands, Lake Baikal
Authors: Ovdin M. E. , Petrov E. A.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study was to establish the order and nature of the development of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica Gm.) in different areas of the rookery on Dolgiy Island, Ushkanyi Islands, Lake Baikal, also determining whether there was a correlation in the number of animals in different rookeries, as well as the time and daily dynamics of their development. We also wanted to identify differences in the functioning of rookeries subject to anthropogenic influence vs rookeries where it was absent, and to assess the ecological capacity of all rookeries on Dolgiy Island. The material for the present study were still images obtained using eight camera traps monitoring different sections of the coast on the northern side of the island. The cameras automatically took photographs of the shore every 3–4 hours during May to June 2022. The study showed that Baikal seals, a few days after the northern part of the lake had been completely cleared of drifting ice, almost simultaneously started approaching the island in all rookery areas. Within three days, a few haulouts were formed. In early June, the numbers of seals were rapidly increasing everywhere, but the natural dynamics of the numbers were interrupted on June 7 by the appearance of an extraordinary disturbance factor (a boat) at the rookery. A significant part of the seals left all rookery areas and only after 1–2 days the numbers of seals began to recover at the expense of other individuals. In the second ten days of June, the numbers of seals in five areas fluctuated greatly, remaining 2–3 times lower than the initial one, and in the third ten days it dropped even more. In the other three areas, the dynamics were somewhat different, this to be explained by an insignificant ecological capacity of these areas, an order of magnitude lower than that of the first five. The numbers of seals in June 2022 in the areas differed significantly, since the area and nature of the substrate available to the seals were not the same, but there was a close positive correlation between the numbers of seals in neighboring areas. In all rookery areas, regardless of their ecological capacity, close daily dynamics of the numbers of seals were noted, this indicating the actual existence of a certain order of seals coming onto land during the day (seals can be present at the rookery all the day round). We assessed the ecological capacity of each site (they totalled 2400 individuals) and, taking into account the unexplored locations, the possible capacities of all rookeries on the northern side of Dolgiy Island could be estimated at 2600–2700 individuals. No differences in the behavior of seals in rookeries that were subject to anthropogenic influence vs rookeries where it was absent could be revealed, since the behavior of Baikal seals in small and large haulouts is apparently not the same.
3,6-Dipyridyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine in the Synthesis of Zinc and Cadmium Metal-Organic Frameworks with Anilate-Type Ligands
Authors: Trofimova O. Yu. , Kolevatov D. S. , Druzhkov N. O. , Maleeva A. V. , Yakushev I. A. , Dorovatovskii P. V. , Piskunov A. V.
Published: December 2024

New heteroleptic metal-organic frameworks (MOF) of zinc (3D MOF) and cadmium (2D MOF) are prepared by the two-stage synthesis: [Zn(pQ)(DPT)]·2DMF (I) and Cd2(NO3)2-(pQ)(DPT)3]·2DMF·2MeOH (II), where pQ is the 2,5-dihydroxy-3,6-di-tert-butyl-para-benzoquinone dianion, DPT is 3,6-di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, and DMF is N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The structures of the compounds are studied by XRD (CIF files CCDC nos. 2332754 (I) and 2332755 (II)). The thermal stability of the MOF is studied by thermogravimetry.
Cadmium(II)-Organic Frameworks with the Polynuclear Unit: Dimensionality Control and Luminescence Response to Pyridine
Authors: Dubskikh V. A. , Lysova A. A. , Samsonenko D. G. , Dybtsev D. N.
Published: December 2024

New porous metal-organic frameworks (MOF) [Cd7(Btdc)7(Bpa)2(Dmf)2(H2O)2] · 15Dmf · 2H2O (I) and [Cd7(Btdc)7(Bpe)2(Dmf)2] · 15Dmf · 3H2O (II) (H2Btdc is 2,2’-bithiophene-5,5’-dicarboxylic acid, Bpa is 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, Bpe is 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, and Dmf is N,N-dimethylformamide) are synthesized under solvatothermal conditions. The structures and compositions of the compounds are determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) (CIF files ССDС nos. 2364290 (I) and 2364289 (II)) and confirmed by powder XRD, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, and IR spectroscopy. Compound I has a 2D structure based on the heptanuclear discrete building unit {Cd7} with the linear structure. Compound II is a 3D MOF in which the {Cd7} building units are linked into a continuous chain motif due to additional interactions. The formation of discrete or continuous chains is directly related to the nature of the N-donor bridging ligand (Bpe or Bpa). Compounds I and II have open structures with the accessible volume about 50%. The solvate molecules are replaced by thiophene, benzene, and pyridine, and the luminescence properties of the prepared adducts are studied. Luminescence quenching in the presence of thiophene and an increase in the luminescence intensity in the presence of pyridine accompanied by a change in the quantum yield by 4–5 times are shown.
Metal-Organic Frameworks of Cobalt(II) with 4,7-Di(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and Aromatic Dicarboxylic Acids: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Pavlov D. I. , Lavrov A. N. , Samsonenko D. G. , Potapov A. S.
Published: December 2024

The reactions of cobalt(II) nitrate with 4,7-di(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (Tr2btd) and aromatic dicarboxylic acids (terephthalic (H2bdc), 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic (2,6-H2Ndc), and 2,5-furandicarboxylic (2,5-H2Fdc) acids) afford metal-organic frameworks [Co(Tr2btd)(bdc)]n (I) and {[Co2(Tr2btd)(Dmf)(2,6-Ndc)2]·Dmf}n (II) with the layered structures and chain metal-organic framework [Co(Tr2btd)2(H2O)(2,5-Fdc)]n (III). Compounds I and III are paramagnetic in a temperature range of 1.77–300 K without exchange interactions between the Co2+ cations, and compound II exhibits the antiferromagnetic interaction between the Co2+ cations in the binuclear building blocks with the exchange interaction constant J ≈ −100 K. Single crystals of the phase of compound IIIa with the identical composition but different structure are found when taking samples for X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The molecular structures of metal-organic frameworks I, II, III, and IIIa are determined by XRD (CIF files CCDC nos. 2343141 (I), 2343297 (II), 2343296 (III), and 2343140 (IIIa)).
Geoinformation monitoring of the condition of rice fields in Giang Province (Vietnam) according to multispectral ERS data and field spectroradiometering
Authors: Yuferev V. G. , Kulik A. K. , Hiep N. T. , Vasilchenko A. A. , Vypritskiy A. A. , Balkushkin R. N. , Chau V. T. M. , Thu T. T. L.
Published: December 2024

The spatial distribution of areas of territory used for agricultural work is of great importance for the development of measures for managing territories and planning the rational use of land and water resources. As a result of the high development of land and its use for agricultural production, timely assessment of both the condition of soils and the growing season of crops in the fields plays an important role. Since in the conditions of the study area it is possible to choose the timing of sowing, growing and harvesting, spatial data on the location of fields for growing rice can be used to estimate the volume of water consumed for its cultivation and develop a crop rotation model for different volumes of available water based on the level of water reserves of the main crop. source. Geoinformation classification of Earth remote sensing data and the use of spectral indices can be used to monitor the dynamics of rice crop formation under existing conditions. Refinement of the results of geoinformation processing of satellite images is carried out using field standardization methods, including photo standardization, showing the real value of reflected energy during large-scale photography, and spectroradiometry, which makes it possible to determine the characteristics of the reflected energy by these objects in various spectral ranges. The results obtained made it possible to obtain statistical data on the values of the area of plots based on 4844 measurements; the average values of the area of plots were established – 0.447, standard deviation – 0.309, maximum area – 5.84 hectares, minimum 0.02 hectares. The obtained statistical results make it possible to determine on average the estimated number of plots in the territory of An Giang province, which is 442 thousand fields. Thus, when deciphering images of rice fields on satellite images, local geoinformation cartographic layers of such fields are developed, taking into account the actual characteristics and stage of plant vegetation, as well as the stage of harvesting and the stage of tillage.
Derivation of the carbon dioxide total column in the atmosphere from satellite-based infrared fourier-transform spectrometer IKFS–2 measurements: analysis and application experience
Authors: Rublev A. N. , Golomolzin V. V. , Uspensky А. B. , Kiseleva Yu. V. , Kozlov D. A. , Belan B. D. , Arshinov M. Y. , Timofeev Yu. M. , Panov А. V. , Prokushkin A. S.
Published: December 2024

The paper discusses the use of a new version of the regression technique for derivation the total content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere XCO2 (column-averaged dry-air mole fraction) from measurements of the infrared Fourier-transform spectrometer IKFS–2 installed on board Russian meteorological satellite Meteor-M No. 2. To evaluate the accuracy of satellite-based XCO2 estimates the retrospective comparison was made with data from ground-based spectroscopic measurements at Peterhof site of St. Petersburg State University as well as with aircraft measurements of the V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics (IOA) in the area of the Novosibirsk Reservoir conducted in 2019-2022. A brief description of the regression technique modifications is given made to improve the accuracy of satellite – based XCO2 estimates. In particular, to compensate for the effect of changes in the IKFS-2 characteristics during a long flight, the XCO2 estimates calibration is realized using ground - based XCO2 measurements at the NOAA Observatory on Mauna Loa volcano (island of Hawaii). After calibration and cloud scenes filtering, the discrepancy between satellite estimates and ground-based / aircraft measurements is characterized by root mean square deviation of ~4 ppm or 1% of the CO2 total content. In order to accelerate the adjustment of the regression technique, used for estimating XCO2, to IKFS-2 data on new satellites, it is reasonable to use XCO2 observations at the TCCON terrestrial network in addition to conventional contact measurements of CO2 concentrations. Along with this, it seems rational to use the cryogenic film thickness on the glass of the IKFS-2 photodetector, characterizing the state of the instrument, as additional predictor in the regression model.
Application of the Stacking-InSAR method for analyzing changes in forest canopy height
Authors: Bondur V. G. , Chimitdorzhiev T. N. , Dmitriev A. V. , Nomshiev Zh. D.
Published: December 2024

The brief communication demonstrates the potential for quantitative assessment of forest canopy height dynamics in mature and young pine forests on a plain using the method of weighted summing of time series of unwrapped interferometric phases. The latter were obtained using a modern approach based on cloud computations. By comparing the rates of canopy height growth for the years 2017, 2018, and 2019, it has been confirmed that the growth rate is influenced by the amount of precipitation in May-July of the respective year.
The integrate geomorphological, morphotectonics investigations using remote sensing data from space as the basis for the efficiency increasing of geological works
Authors: Gavrilov A. A.
Published: December 2024

The underestimation of the integrated application of geomorphological, morphotectonic information and materials of space remote data during a geological research, the geological survey and predictive-prospecting work significantly reduces their effectiveness. The imperfection of the geomorphological researches methodology focused on the study of territories relief as a collection of surfaces of geological bodies is one of the possible reasons for this. Perspectives opens the transition to the research of landforms and geological structures, bodies in their unity, as three-dimensional, volumetric objects. Fundamentally new opportunities for studying the geology of the seas and oceans bottom are associated, in particular, with the visualization of digital 3D relief models created on the basis of the global bathymetric database GEBCO 2014 (http ://Ocean3dproects...), regional echo-depth-sounder metering’s maps, altimetry materials and remote sensing of the Earth from space. The topicality of such investigations is also due to the fact determined that plate tectonics cannot explain many features of the structure of the Earth and individual regions relief. A number of examples show that modern geomorphology combined with methods of remote sensing from space and computerization should be considered as one of the necessary disciplines for geological mapping and work aimed at solving various geological problems. The further common development of the planet relief sciences (geomorphology + morphotectonics) determines the need to train geomorphologists at both geographical and geological faculties of universities.
The involvement of T1R family receptors expressed outside the oral cavity in the regulation of metabolism
Authors: Murovets V. O. , Sozontov E. A. , Zolotarev V. A.
Published: December 2024

The membrane T1R taste receptor family interacts with sweet substances – carbohydrates, artificial sweeteners and some amino acids. An important result of research in the 21st century was the discovery of abundant expression of these receptors outside of the oral cavity, mainly in cells actively involved in metabolic processes: enteroendocrine cells of the intestine, pancreatic β-cells, adipose and bone tissue, etc. This review integrates and analyzes current data on the role of extraoral T1R receptors in the regulation of metabolism, cell growth and differentiation, which is achieved through modulation of hormone secretion (insulin, GLP-1, GIP), activity of membrane transporters and cell growth and proliferation factors. T1R mediated cellular responses to nutrients, mechanisms of signal transduction, effects on inositol triphosphate, cAMP and intracellular Ca2+ levels, stimulatory effects on glucose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2, effects on mTOR and hormone secretion are described. The interaction of membrane receptor mechanisms and metabolic detection of glucose by the ATP/ADP ratio in the cell cytoplasm is also discussed. Putative evolutionary adaptation of metabolic processes related to nutrition and manifested in polymorphism of genes encoding T1R proteins is presented. It is suggested that extraoral taste receptors for sweet substances and amino acids may be a target for therapeutic interventions in obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hepatosteatosis.
Comparative phylogeography of vicariant species of the Daphnia longispina s.lat. complex (Crustacea: Cladocera) in North Eurasia
Authors: Zuykova E. I. , Sleptzova L. P. , Bochkarev N. A. , Zakharov E. S. , Zakharova N. N. , Kotov A. A.
Published: December 2024

This study presents new data on population-genetic polymorphism, phylogeny and phylogeography of two vicariant species belonging to the Daphnia longispina s.lat. complex (Crustacea: Cladocera) in northern Eurasia, D. longispina s.str. and D. dentifera. Based on the variability of the fragments of non-coding 12S rRNA and the protein coding ND2 genes of mitochondrial DNA, the demographic processes that took place in populations of this vast region have been reconstructed. The previously suggested hypothesis about the different demographic history of the “Siberian” and “European” D. longispina s.str. clades has not been confirmed, since we first revealed a deep mitochondrial divergence within the “Siberian” clade. Moreover, a new divergent lineage of D. longispina s.str. in Siberia has been identified. Nevertheless, the phylogeographic patterns of D. longispina s.str. and D. dentifera in northern Eurasia confirm the earlier conclusion that repeated, combined effects on their populations of dispersion and vicariate events occurred in different phases of the Pleistocene.
Chlorophyll in water and bottom sediments as an indicator of the trophic state of Busse Lagoon (Sakhalin Island)
Authors: Koreneva T. G. , Sigareva L. E. , Syrbu I. V.
Published: December 2024

New associated data on the content of chlorophyll a and its derivatives in the water and bottom sediments of Busse Lagoon (Sakhalin Island) have been obtained. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll degradation products (Chl a + Ph) in the water column is represented predominantly by the active form (61.4 ± 1.1%), in bottom sediments – by a product of its degradation (84.7 ± 2.5%). The connection between pigments in water and bottom sediments, as well as the abiotic conditions of primary production, has been revealed. For the first time, for a unique reservoir characterized by overgrowth of aquatic vegetation, silt accumulation and regular death of aquatic organisms, the similarity of the average annual sedimentation rate in the lagoon with the ratio of pelagic and benthic pigments was shown. The prevailing importance of the biotic factor in the formation of trophic conditions has been established. Based on the average content of Chl a + Ph in water (4.1 ± 0.8 mg/dm3) and in bottom sediments (13.5 ± 4.0 μg/g d.s.), Busse Lagoon is a mesotrophic reservoir. Trophic state of benthic in the period 2013–2021 is preserved, remaining oligotrophic in the shallow coastal zone and mesotrophic in the central part of the lagoon.
Modern state of ichthyofauna of Lake Donuzlav (Western Crimea, Black Sea)
Authors: Belogurova R. E. , Abliazov E. R. , Karpova E. P.
Published: December 2024

Lake Donuzlav is a manmade water body, the ecosystem of which began to form since the 1960s. In this study, the current state of the fish population of Lake Donuzlav is assessed, taking into account the active fishing pressure on the lake and insufficient study of the biology and ecology of particular groups of aquatic organisms. Based on the literature and original data, the modern composition of the ichthyofauna was revealed, which includes 65 species of fish of 34 families, among which the family Gobiidae is dominated in terms of the number of species (13). Thirteen fish species previously unfound in the lake were recorded; these are mainly Ponto-Caspian endemics (monkey goby Neogobius fluviatilis, mushroom goby Ponticola eurycephalus, and tubenose goby Proterorhinus marmoratus). The ichthyofauna in Lake Donuzlav is similar in taxonomic composition to that of Yarylgach Bay and the eastern part of the Karkinit Bay (northwestern Black Sea). In general, the current fish population of Lake Donuzlav is characterized by the predominance of sedentary demersal fish species, which have settled over the last 20 years.
The effect of moderate and acute hypoxia on the antioxidant enzyme complex of the tissues of the black sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis
Authors: Gostyukhina O. L. , Soldatov A. A.
Published: December 2024

The effect of moderate (2 mg O2/L) and acute (1 mg O2/L) hypoxia on the state of the antioxidant complex of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) was studied. The activity of superoxiddismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GP) in the hepatopancreas and gills of the mollusk was determined. The reactions of the AO complex of mussels to oxygen deficiency depended on the degree of hypoxic exposure and had tissue specificity. Acute hypoxia had a more pronounced effect on the mussel than moderate. In the gills of the mollusk under acute hypoxia, an increase in the activity of all the studied enzymes was observed. In the digestive gland of the mussel, under these conditions, only catalase activity increased, and SOD significantly decreased. Under moderate hypoxia conditions, the AO protection of the mollusk gills was provided by SOD and GP, and in hepatopancreas – by activation of catalase and GP. These reactions indicate the development of moderate oxidative stress in mussel tissues under both hypoxia regimes. The features of the AO response of gills and hepatopancreas reflect their tissue-specific sensitivity to the effects of oxygen deficiency.
Influence of microplastics on freshwater bivalves (review)
Authors: Chuikо G. M. , Kholmogorova N. V. , Zharikov G. P.
Published: December 2024

Anthropogenic pollution of the aquatic environment with microplastics is one of the most urgent but least studied problems of modern ecotoxicology. The review, based on recent literature data, provides an analysis of studies in the field of absorption, bioaccumulation, and biological effects of microplastic exposure in freshwater bivalve molluscs (Bivalvia). A total of 22 studies have been conducted so far, which were performed on representatives of three families: Cyrenidae (45), Unionidae (25) and Dreissenidae (30%). The conducted studies are represented by field observations (43.5), field (8.7) and laboratory (47.8%) experiments. It has been shown that freshwater bivalves, as active filters, are able to absorb and accumulate in soft tissues (gills, hepatopancreas) microplastic particles from both water and bottom sediments, perceiving them as food objects. Bioaccumulation of microplastics in molluscs leads to functional and structural disorders in the body. The joint action of microplastics and other pollutants (cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls, pharmacological drugs) can cause both synergistic and antagonistic effects in the biological responses of molluscs. Based on the conducted studies, it is suggested to use bivalve molluscs as organisms-bioindicators of freshwater pollution with microplastics.
Cp2ZrCl2-EtMgBr-Catalysed Reaction of 2-Zincoethylzincation of 2-Alkynylamines
Authors: Gabdullin A. M. , Kadikova R. N. , Ramazanov I. R.
Published: December 2024

It was found that the Cp2ZrCl2-EtMgBr-catalyzed reaction of 2-alkynylamines with Et2Zn leads to the regio- and stereoselective formation of (2Z)-allylamines in high yield. It has been established that the presence of morpholyl and piperidyl substituents in the structure of propargylamines does not interfere with the regio- and stereoselective 2-zincoethylzincation of the triple bond. Carbocyclization of α,ω-bis(aminomethyl)alkadiynes based on the Cp2ZrCl2-EtMgBr-catalyzed carbozincation reaction with Et2Zn was carried out for the first time. A mechanism for the catalytic 2-zincoethylzincation of α,ω-bis(aminomethyl)alkadiynes was proposed.
Cp2TiCl2-Catalyzed Interaction of Methylenecycloalkane with BF3·THF
Authors: Tulyabaeva L. I. , Salakhutdinov R. R. , Tulyabaev A. R. , Tyumkina T. V. , Abdullin M. F.
Published: December 2024

The Cp2TiCl2-catalyzed interaction of methylenecycloalkanes with BF3·THF in tetrahydrofuran was carried out for the first time with the formation of target 1-fluoro-1-boraspirocarbocycles and also isomerization products of a starting monomer (1-methylcycloalk-1-enes). The structure of reaction products was elucidated using one- (1H, 13C Dept, 11B, 19F) and two-dimensional (COSY, HSQC, HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry combined with quantum-chemical calculations of 13C NMR chemical shifts.
Synthesis and Spectral Properties of Iodine-Substituted Dyes Based on Benzothiazolium Salts
Authors: Malakhov I. A. , Orlova N. A. , Shelkovnikov V. V. , Vasilyev E. V. , Chernonosov A. A.
Published: December 2024

Two series of new thiacarbocyanines with iodine atoms in the donor and/or acceptor block have been synthesized. The absorption spectra of the iodinated dyes in the region of singlet-singlet S0-S1 and singlet-triplet S0-T1 transitions are investigated. The introduction of iodine atoms into the dye structures leads to a red shift of the absorption maximum, regardless of the position of iodine in the molecule. For dyes with two or more iodine atoms, a low-intensity long-wave absorption shoulder in the region from 650 to 1000 nm is detected, which corresponds to singlet-triplet absorption.
PENGARUH KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var Rubrum), DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera), DAN MENIRAN HIJAU (Phyllanthus niruri L.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Escherichia coli
Authors: Hafidh Muhammad , Dwiyanti Ratih Dewi , Insana Aima , Muhlisin Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Penyakit diare disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Escherichia coli. Infeksi ini dilakukan dengan pemberian obat tanaman herbal dari bahan alam yaitu jahe merah, daun kelor, dan meniran hijau yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri sebagai alternatif pengobatan, dikarenakan pengobatan dengan bahan kimia atau antibiotik mengalami efek resisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi ekstrak etanol jahe merah, daun kelor, dan meniran hijau sebagai antibakteri Escherichia coli. Jenis penelitian ini adalah True Exsperiment dengan rancangan penelitian adalah Posttest Only With Control Group Design dengan 7 formulasi kombinasi ekstrak etanol jahe merah, daun kelor, dan meniran hijau dengan 4 kali pengulangan. Uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode dilusi cair yaitu menentukan Kemampuan Menghambat dan Kemampuan Membunuh serta dengan metode difusi Zona Hambat Sumuran. Hasil penelitian pada Kemampuan Menghambat diukur dengan absorbansi sebelum dan sesudah inkubasi dari selisih rerata didapatkan formulasi F5 (2:1:1) yaitu 0.717 memiliki nilai yang dengan penurunan terbanyak dari semua formulasi. Pada Kemampuan Membunuh didapatkan hasil rata-rata 0 koloni yaitu pada formulasi F2 (1:1:2), F4 (1:2:2), F5 (2:1:1), dan F7 (2:1:2). Pada zona hambat sumuran didapatkan hasil rata-rata diameter dengan daya hambatan kuat adalah F4 (1:2:2) sebanyak 13.2 mm yang tertinggi dari semua formulasi. Dilakukan uji statistic Wilcoxon dan Kruskal-Wallis. Disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak etanol jahe merah, daun kelor, dan meniran hijau formulasi yang efektif sebagai antibakteri Escherichia coli adalah formulasi F4 (1:2:2). Saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat menggunakan konsentrasi bertingkat pada formulasi tersebut dari kombinasi ekstrak etanol jahe merah, daun kelor, dan meniran hijau sebagai antibakteri Escherichia coli.
Is the assessment of cementitious adhesive for ETICS based on the adhesion strength tests always reliable and rational?
Authors: Kulesza Marcin , Michalak Jacek
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of an interlaboratory comparison [ILC] of determining the adhesion strength of the cementitious adhesive, which is a component of ETICS to the concrete substrate and the thermal insulation material - EPS board. Seventeen laboratories belonging to ETICS manufacturers or suppliers of raw materials for the production of ETICS participated in the ILC, organized by the Polish Association for ETICS. The determined values of the standard deviation of repeatability sr in the range from 9.73 % to 14.37 % and the standard deviation of reproducibility sR in the range from 22.67 % to 44.36 % of the determination of the adhesion strength of the cementitious adhesive to the concrete substrate and the value of the standard deviation of repeatability sr in the range from 8.29 % to 17.50 % and the standard deviation of reproducibility sR in the range from 17.82 % to 30.17 % of the determination of the adhesion strength of the cementitious adhesive to the EPS board in various storage conditions of the test samples indicate that the tested method is characterized by low precision. It means that the assessment of compliance with the test results obtained by this method with the acceptance criteria when different laboratories perform measurements may be divergent, and the risk of incorrect assessments is high.
Increasing the strength of alkali activated mortars prepared without cement by adding lime and crushed brick
Authors: Özodabaş Aylin
Published: December 2024

Alkali-activated concretes, which aim to reduce cement, have received the most attention in recent years. By activating cementless geopolymer mortar samples with lime, blast furnace slag [BFS], fly ash [FA], crushed brick, sodium hydroxide, and sodium silicate, the study aims to produce more affordable and environmentally materials. Hydrated lime and crushed brick mortars, which have been utilized in ancient structures for thousands of years, have endured to the present day because of their toughness and appropriate construction techniques. However, the biggest disadvantage of ancient mortars is that their setting time is long due to the lime they contain and therefore their strength properties cannot be developed at an early age. In order to improve these properties of the mortars, 7.5 mole NaOH was used in fixed ratios and Na2SiO3 in variable ratios. On the mortar’s characteristics, the impacts of lime, crushed brick, BFA, and FA were examined. Tests on the generated samples included flow-table, setting-time, density, water absorption, porosity, flexural and compressive strength tests, as well as SEM, XRD, and FTIR studies. The reference ancient mortar sample has the lowest compressive strength value at 1.47 MPa, while the Y4 sample, which has a high BFS content at 22.5 MPa, has the highest compressive strength value. The YS4 sample comprising BFS, NaOH, and Na2SiO3 had the fastest setting time, at 20 minutes. In comparison to the reference samples, the samples’ workability was also enhanced. The reference sample had the highest water absorption value, 26.8%, while the other samples’ values stayed below 2%. In this case, activators contributed to the improvement of the mechanical qualities of traditional lime mortars.
Reuse of sheep wool fibers in the production of ultralightweight foamed concrete: effect of fiber treatment, length, and content on the mechanical properties
Authors: Bravo Celi Adriana , Falliano Devid , Parmigiani Silvia , Suarez-Riera Daniel , Ferro Giuseppe Andrea , Restuccia Luciana
Published: December 2024

Concrete is one of the most widely used materials in the world. Still, its production processes, energy consumption, and high use of raw materials make it one of the most environmentally harmful materials. This study aims to enhance the sustainability of concrete by reducing the amount of binder and incorporating secondary materials into the cementitious matrix. The binder reduction is achieved by using a foaming agent that creates a microporous matrix, significantly decreasing the volume of cement in the material. Additionally, reinforcing the material with sheep wool fiber not only improves its mechanical properties but also gives a new purpose to a commonly discarded secondary material. The research specifically seeks to identify the most effective treatments for sheep wool fiber (including non-treated, salt-treated, lime-treated, NaOH-treated, and surfactant-treated fibers), as well as the optimal fiber length (6, 12, and 20 mm) and content (4.5, 9, and 15 kg/m³) for ultralightweight foamed concrete in terms of mechanical strength. The findings demonstrate excellent compatibility between wool fibers and ultralightweight foamed concrete, with fiber-reinforced samples showing up to a 60% increase in flexural strength and up to a 50% increase in compressive strength. Among the various fiber treatments evaluated, surfactant-treated fibers yielded the best results.
Diagnostic value of the magnetic resonance spectroscopy method compared to standard method (Pathology) for diagnosis of prostate malignancy
Authors:   Radiologist, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyat El-Azam University of Medical Sciences (AJ), Tehran, Iran, Shahvardi Samira , Seifi Mehdi ,   Assistant Professor of Radiology, School of Medicine, Baghiyyatollah al-Azam Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Ghadian Alireza ,   Associate Professor of Urology, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baghiyyatollah al-Azam Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Shaverdi Alireza ,   General surgery specialist, Department of Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Kazemi Haniye ,   Medical Doctor, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences
Published: December 2024

Background and aim: Considering the non-invasiveness, sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its ability to diagnose prostate lesions in the early stages, the purpose of this study is to determine the value of the magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) method compared to the standard method (Pathology) was for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Method: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 male patients. People with indications for prostate biopsy were first subjected to PSA test and finger examination. It should be noted that the negative or positive result of MRS in terms of imaging method of the patients did not affect the biopsy. After evaluating the patients by MRS method, the results of MRS and prostate biopsy were evaluated for each patient separately and compared with the pathological results of biopsy. To check the diagnostic value of the test, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of the test were calculated.
Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of MRS of the left prostate region were calculated as 100%, 66.7%, 33.3%, and 100%, respectively. On the right side of the prostate, it was 50%, 93%, 50%, 93% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of MRS was calculated to be 71.4% in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in the left area and 88.57% in the right area. On both sides, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the test were calculated as 87.5%, 59.3%, 38.9%, and 94.1%, respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy of NAST was calculated as 65.7%.
Conclusion: MRS as a non-invasive method has optimal sensitivity, specificity and accuracy compared to other pathological and clinical methods.