bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migration, Regionalism, and the Ethnic Other, 1840-1870
Authors: Joranger Terje Hasle
Published: March 2020

This article shows accounts of Norwegian immigrants and their encounter with various ethnic groups in America including Native Americans, African-Americans, Chinese, Irish, and Yankees in the period between 1840 and 1870. The article presents several regions in the United States, namely the Upper Midwest, Texas, and California. The use of primary source material including newspapers, guidebooks and letters provide good insights into thoughts and attitudes, and not the least prejudice, among this Old immigrant group toward the ethnic “Other.” The Norwegian immigrant group aimed at becoming good citizens through a negotiating process between the group, the dominant native-born American group and other ethnic groups in the United States. By characterizing several other ethnic groups based on race, Norwegian-Americans employed whiteness in a double negotiation, both tied to the creation of a Norwegian-American identity and in finding their place in the social hierarchy in America.
Safeguarding Danishness? Ethnicity, Religion and Acculturation among Danish Americans in Three Danish Spaces in the U.S.
Authors: Christensen Pernille Skovgaard
Published: March 2020

This paper examines and compares patterns of ethnic safeguarding across the generations in three Danish spaces in the US Midwest. Investigating the extent to which ‘Danishness’ has continuously been practised and preferred among descendants of the Danish immigrants who settled there at around the turn of the 20th century, it argues that there is a variety in the level to which Danish ethnic identity has historically been safeguarded in the three spaces. Consequently, this is echoed by variations in the extent to which later generations of immigrants seem to have relinquished Danishness as the defining part of their identities. The interviews indicate that a late 19th century dispute within the Danish church in America regarding the relation between religion and ethnicity, manifested in self-perceptions and life practises among Danish American families, echoed through the generations and impacted the acculturation processes to this very day.
“Very Welcome Home Mr. Swanson”: Swedish Americans Encounter Homeland Swedes
Authors: Blanck Dag
Published: March 2020

This article examines different patterns of interaction between Swedish Americans and the homeland, and my interest is in the significance and consequences of these encounters. The mass emigration of some 1,3 million Swedes in the 19th and early 20th centuries was a fundamental event in Swedish history, and as a result a separate social and cultural community—Swedish America—was created in the U.S. and a specific population group of Swedish Americans emerged. Close to a fifth of these Swedish Americans returned to Sweden, and in their interaction with the old homeland they were seen as a distinct group in Sweden and became carriers of a specific American experience. Swedish Americans thus became a visible sub-group in Sweden and it is the significance of this population that I am interested in. The article looks at both material and immaterial effects of the return migration and at the larger significance of Swedish America and Swedish Americans for Sweden.
Shakespeare from a Minority Point of View: Ted Lange’s Othello
Authors: Hwang Seunghyun
Published: March 2020

Othello (1989) is a little-known independent film directed and produced by Ted Lange. Released at the end of the 1980s, a decade of mounting racial tension in the United States, the film offers an interpretation of Shakespeare from a minority point of view. This examination of the director’s motives and directorial choices reveals the strategies employed by Lange to make Shakespeare relevant and more available to a non-traditional audience, especially to African-Americans. In addition, delving into the acceptance and distribution difficulties that Ted Lange faced gives insight into the issue of discriminatory assumptions related to applying a minority point of view to a traditionally highbrow domain.
A Rhetorical Analysis of George W. Bush’s National Eulogies
Authors: Rzepecka Marta
Published: March 2020

This article offers a critique of President George W. Bush’s national eulogies for the victims of the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks, the space shuttle Columbia disaster, and Hurricane Katrina. It addresses the problem of limited research of multiple eulogies from the same president. The article examines the eulogies in two phases: first, it places the speeches within the exigencies and constraints of the situations in which they were drafted and delivered and, then, it analyzes their construction using two frameworks, one developed by Michael Robert Dennis and Adrianne Kunkel and the other designed by Kathleen Hall Jamieson and Karlyn Kohrs Campbell. The examination centers around the translation of the theory on the genre of the national eulogy into practice, the most prevalent components and characteristics in the eulogies, and the rhetorical effect of the eulogies, understood in terms of achieving the goals defined by the genre.
Whose North America is it? “Nobody owns it. It owns itself.”
Authors: Connell-Szasz Margaret
Published: March 2020

Responding to the question, “Whose North America is it?,” this essay argues North America does not belong to anyone. As a Sonoran Desert Tohono O’odham said of the mountain: “Nobody owns it. It owns itself.” Contrasting Native American and Euro-American views of the natural world, the essay maintains that European immigrants introduced the startling concept of Cartesian duality. Accepting a division between spiritual and material, they viewed the natural world as physical matter, devoid of spirituality. North America’s First People saw it differently: they perceived the Earth/Universe as a spiritual community of reciprocal relationships bound by intricate ties of kinship and respect. This clash has shaped American history. From the sixteenth century forward, many European immigrants envisioned land ownership as a dream. Creators of the Declaration of Independence and US Constitution thrust “happiness”/“property” into the nation’s mythology. Southern Euro-Americans claimed “ownership” of African Americans, defining them as “property”; Native Americans resisted Euro-Americans’ enforcement of land ownership ideology; by the late 1800s, Euro-Americans’ view of the natural world as physical matter spurred massive extraction of natural resources. The Cartesian duality persisted, but, given its dubious legacy, Native Americans question the wisdom of this interpretation of the natural world.
The Resilience of Camelot: The Kennedy Myth in Danish Newspapers during the Cold War
Authors: Søndergaard Rasmus Sinding
Published: March 2020

John F. Kennedy holds a unique position in American public memory and opinion polls continuously rank Kennedy among the best presidents. The scholarly assessment of Kennedy, however, has changed considerably over time and holds a decisively less celebratory appraisal of Kennedy today. This dissonance between public opinion and scholarly assessment is closely connected to the so-called Kennedy Myth, which presents an idealized mythological image of Kennedy. Existing scholarship has demonstrated that Kennedy was immensely popular among Danes up until his assassination in 1963. However, little is known about how Danish perceptions of Kennedy developed over time. This article traces the portrayal of Kennedy in four major Danish newspapers from 1963 to the end of the Cold War. The article finds a clear manifestation of the Kennedy Myth throughout the period. Moreover, the article demonstrates that exposure to scholarly criticism and increased awareness of the existence of the Kennedy Myth does little to damage positive appraisals of Kennedy. The article thus testifies to the resilience of the Kennedy Myth across both space and time.
Sexual Politics of the Gaze and Objectification of the (Immigrant) Woman in Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies
Authors: Asl Moussa Pourya , Abdullah Nurul Farhana Low , Yaapar Md. Salleh
Published: March 2020

Gayatri Spivak’s repeated accusations against the hyphenated Americans of colluding in their own exploitation is noteworthy in the context of diasporic writers’ portrayal of immigrant women within the prevailing discourse of anti-Communism in the United States. The woman in South Asian American writings is often portrayed as still stuck in the traditional prescribed gender roles imposed by patriarchal society. This essay explores Jhumpa Lahiri’s literary engagement with the contemporary racialization and gendering of a collective subject described as the Indian diaspora in her Pulitzer Prize winning short story collection, Interpreter of Maladies (1999). Specifically, it focuses on the two stories of “Sexy” and “The Treatment of Bibi Haldar” to analyse the manner dynamics of the gaze operate between the male and female characters. The numerous acts of looking that take place in these stories fall naturally into two major categories: the psychoanalytic look of voyeurism and the historicist gaze of surveillance. Through a rapprochement between the two seemingly different fields of the socius and the psychic, the study concludes that the material and ideological specificities of the stories that formulate a particular group of women as powerless, passive, alien and monstrous are rooted in the contradictory cultural and moral imperatives of the contemporary American society.
Trends in Subspecialization: A Comparative Analysis of Rural and Urban Clinical Education
Authors: Wendling Andrea L. , Short Andrew , Hetzel Fredrick , Phillips Julie P. , Short William
Published: March 2020

Background and Objectives: Medical students who train in rural communities are often exposed to physicians practicing a broad scope of care, regardless of discipline. We examined how rural education is associated with practice specialization rates for students who match in primary care or general core specialties.
Methods: We linked practice and specialty data (2016 AMA Masterfile dataset), demographics (American Medical College Application Service data), and internal college data for 1974-2011 Michigan State University College of Human Medicine graduates who received clinical education on either the Upper Peninsula (rural) or Grand Rapids (urban) campuses. Current practice was verified using internet searches. We compared specialty and practice data by rural or urban campus, controlling for multiple variables.
Results: More rurally-trained graduates entered primary care (PC) residencies (128/208, 61.5%) than urban-trained graduates (457/891, 51.3%; P<.01), with rurally-trained graduates being twice as likely to enter family medicine (FM) residencies. Most FM residents remained PC physicians (205/219, 93.6%). Internal medicine residents were least likely to remain in primary care (91/189, 48.1%). Of the general core disciplines, general surgeons were least likely to remain in general surgical practice (45/134, 33.6%). Within each PC or general core discipline, the proportion of graduates who specialized did not differ by type of campus.
Conclusions: Rurally-trained graduates are more likely to practice primary care, chiefly due to increased likelihood of choosing a FM residency. Graduates entering PC or general core residencies subspecialize at similar rates regardless of rural or urban education. FM residency match rate may be the best predictor of long-lasting impact on the primary care workforce.
IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS OF LEARNING VOCABULARY ASSISTED WITH FLASH CARDS
Authors: Zaenuri Srundi Akbar , Alamsyah Nur
Published: March 2020

Vocabulary is  a very important part of learning English that must be mastered by students to communicate well. This research try to analyze (1) discussions that often occur in pronunciation of vocabulary for students using the flash cards method; (2) implementing learning to read vocabulary in speaking skills; (3) learning evaluation system for pronunciatio1n of vocabulary for students using the flash cards method; (4) Improving pronunciation skill words to students through the flashcard method. The method used in this research was classroom action research (CAR). The research method also aims to memorize quickly the vocabulary they receive is important vocabulary they want for the continuity of learning English using the flashcard method. The results showed that students' vocabulary understanding improved after they were taught using flash cards Keywords:    Vocabulary,Flashcard, CAR
THE EFFECTIVENESS BETWEEN DISCOVERY LEARNING AND WORD WALL METHODS IN IMPROVING VOCABULARY AT SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS
Authors: Junizar Fahmi , Sudiyono Sudiyono
Published: March 2020

Some of the teacher is having a problem when using discovery learning as a method to improve the vocabulary of a student. Based on the objective of this research, the writer conduct wordwall method on SMP mutiara 1 Bandung that will help on improving student vocabulary, and hopefully it can be applied simultaneously to increase interest in learning especially in English course in SMP Mutiara 1 Bandung. Based on the results of research that has been done by the writer, there are very helpful results in developing the method of Word Wall as a teaching material capable of improving the quality of learning and also can improve students vocabulary. From the test results of normality and homogeneity that the data used is homogeneous and distributed normally, so that the process of the research can be continued as it should be. Keywords:  Vocabulary, Discovery Learning, Wordwall
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH COOPERATIVE INTEGRATED AND READING COMPOSITION ON NARRATIVE TEXT
Authors: Renaldo Matheus Ferry , Nurani Lia Nurani
Published: March 2020

This study is revealed based on the observation on the tenth grade of SMKN 3 Cimahi.  The subjects of this study consisted of 34 students. The purpose of this study was to improve the students’ reading comprehension using Cooperative Integrated and Reading Composition Method. The research design was Classroom Action Research (CAR) which following Arikunto model. It is used to obtain the results of qualitative data using two cycles described through planning, implementing, observation, and reflection on each cycle. The result of the study showed that there was a development on the students’ reading comprehension. It could be seen from the result of the test. The Minimum Mastery Criterion (KKM) of English lesson was 70 (seventy).  The students mean score in the first test was 50,  in the first post test the mean score was 65, and in the second post test the mean score was 85. In addition there were 3 students (8.8%) who passed KKM on pre test. In the first pretest there were 9 students (29.41%) who passed KKM. In the second pretest there were 31 students (91.18%) who passed KKM. Then, from the result of observation and interview it showed the positive responses from the students. The students can be more active and improve their ideas. The researchers conclude that Cooperative Integrated and Reading Composition method could improve students’ reading comprehension. Keywords:  Reading Comprehension, Cooperative Integrated and Reading Composition, Narrative Text, CAR
IMPROVING VOCABULARY MASTERY OF TENTH GRADE STUDENTS THROUGH “BROAD RACES” GAME IN SMK YPKKP CIJERAH BANDUNG
Authors: Widianingsih Wiwin , Jubaedah Dida , Syatroh Isry Laila
Published: March 2020

This research is aimed at increasing the mastery of English vocabulary at tenth grade in SMK YPKKP Cijerah Bandung. The technique used is the “Broad Races” game. The data were obtained from tests. The low mastery of English vocabulary at tenth grade SMK YPKPP Cijerah Bandung is caused by two factors : 1) low level of understanding of English vocabulary meaning, and 2) students’ difficulty in pronouncing the words. The method used in this research is classroom action research using two cycles. In each cycle there were five meetings. The total meetings were ten meetings; three meetings were for tests, and seven meetings were for treatments. The test result showed that “Broad Races” game is able to improve students’ vocabulary, and facilitate students in memorizing vocabulary. The students’ mean scores have improved. The mean score of pre-test was 4.8, while the mean score of post-test was 7,6. Before the treatment in cycle 1, 8 of 30 students (26%) got the scores above the passing grade (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal-KKM). While  after the treatment in cycle 1, 22 out of 30 students (73%) got the above passing grade (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal-KKM). Therefore, it can be suggested that “Broad Races” game can be an alternative way to teach English vocabulary. This result hopefully can give contribution to English teachers to use “Broad Races” game in improving students’ English vocabulary mastery. Keywords:  Broad Races, CAR, English Vocabulary
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MAKE A MATCH METHOD TO IMPROVE WRITING DESRIPTIVE TEXT AT TENTH GRADE STUDENTS IN SMK JABIR AL-HAYYAN
Authors: Yusuf Mahmud , Hasanudin Hasanudin
Published: March 2020

Based on the phenomena that students have difficulties in writing descriptive text, the students could not write because do not have any ideas when they are asked to write. So, they need some ways which could help them in writing. The problems in writing can be solved by implementing some strategies in teaching writing. One of approach that teacher can use to help students write a good text is MAM. The main objective of this study is find out if MAM can improve students’ ability in writing descriptive text. The research method used is quantitative research, specifically quantitative with one group pretest-posttest design. The sample take two class at tenth grade students of SMK Jabir Al-Hayyan in academic year 2019/2020. The data had been obtained in post-test of experimental class were: the highest score was 96, the lowest score was 62, and the mean score was 80.50. Post-test of control class were: the highest score was 89, the lower score was 60, and the mean score was 71.54. It can be seen from the data showed that students’ score in experimental class was highest than control class. It means that using make a match method was effective, easier, and more understable to be applied in teaching and learning process, especially in writing descriptive text. Keywords:  Improve, Make A Match Method, Writing Descriptive Text
Adsorption of CO2, N2, CH4, and their mixtures on silicalite: A critical evaluation of force fields
Authors: Arvelos Sarah , Diógenes Thalles , Hori Eponina , Lobato Romanielo
Published: March 2020

The use of molecular simulation has been growing in the field of engineering, fueled not just by the advances in computational power but also on the availability of reliable software. One potential use of molecular simulation is related to the screening of materials for a specific application. The reliability of molecular simulation results depends on the trustworthiness of the force field used, which for engineering purposes should be as simple as possible. This work provides an evaluation of the potential accuracy cost of using simple generic force fields to predict the adsorption of CO2, CH4, N2 and their mixtures on MFI. We employed the GCMC technique for this investigation. Different models and force fields to describe adsorbates and adsorbent were tested. The force fields performances were estimated through comparison with available adsorption experimental data. Transferability was evaluated on the prediction of pure and mixtures adsorption on CHA, LTA and FER. The results showed that a simple force field presented similar performance when compared to a more sophisticated one.
Application of two types of suspensory fixation in reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with a semitendinosus-gracilis graft: A randomized prospective study
Authors: Djordjevic Dusan , Petrovic Milan , Zuncic-Djordjevic Snezana , Stojiljkovic Predrag , Golubovic Ivan , Kadija Marko , Micic Ivan
Published: March 2020

Background/Aim. Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee is the most common ligament injury that requires operative treatment. So far, multiple ACL reconstruction (ACLR) techniques using a variety of graft types and implants that fixate the grafts have been described. The aim of the study was to compare two different ACLR techniques using two implant types for suspensory graft fixation in the femoral tunnel. Methods. This randomized-prospective study encompassed 60 patients/subjects who underwent ACLR in the period between January 2015 and December 2017 at the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Military Hospital ?Dr Vladan Djordjevic? Nis. The ACLR in all patients included in the study was per-formed using a quadruple semitendinosus-gracilis (STG) graft with two types of suspensory fixation on the lateral femoral cortex, whereas the graft fixation in the tibial tunnel was performed using an osteoconductive bioresorbable screw. The post-operative knee stability was assessed 24 months after surgery using the Lachman test and the lateral pivot shift test, as well as the KT-1000 arthrometer test. Results. In patients whose graft was fixated using a fixed-length loop implant, the mean post-surgery knee stability, measured with the KT-1000, was 1.167 ? 0.780; in patients whose graft was fixated using an adjustable-length loop implant, the mean value of the KT-1000 was 1.100 ? 0.894 (p = 0.605). The mean post-surgery International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score for the fixed-length loop group was 84.887 ? 9.0207, while for the adjustable-length loop the score was 88.327 ? 7.302. The mean Lysholm score was 93.50 ? 6.872 for the fixed-length loop group of patients and 94.00 ? 5.527 for the adjustable-length loop group of patients. Conclusion. Both types of implants can be used with success during ACLR, because the functional results of operative treatment using both implants were identical after surgery.
Development of Chitosan and Polycaprolactone Based Trilayer Biocomposite Films for Food Packaging Applications
Authors: SÖĞÜT Ece , SEYDİM Atıf Can
Published: March 2020

Chitosan (CH) films were obtained by casting method and sandwiched between 2 layers of polycaprolactone (PCL), which were formed by compression molding, to form trilayers. CH films were also incorporated with grape seed extract (G) (15%, w/w) and/or nanocellulose (N) (1-5%, w/w). The tensile properties, transmittance, opacity, water vapor permeability (WVP), antimicrobial activity, and release behavior of trilayers were determined. The elastic modulus (EM) of trilayer films were not significantly affected by the N content, while higher N concentrations resulted in higher tensile strength (TS) values. The incorporation of G led to higher elongation values and resulted in lower EM and TS values. Film samples, including N, presented lower WVP values, whereas higher WVP and water solubility values were obtained with G inclusion (p<0.05). L* and transmittance values increased with the increasing N content while the opacity values decreased (p<0.05). Furthermore, films added G showed significantly higher a* and b* values. The addition of N caused slower release of G from CH films through the selected food simulants. The obtained trilayer films also inhibited selected main pathogenic bacteria. The fabrication of PCL and CH films in the trilayer form enhanced the properties of CH and made these films more appropriate for food packaging.
Prevalence of Down's Syndrome in England, 1998–2013
Authors: Doidge James C , Morris Joan K , Harron Katie L , Stevens Sarah , Gilbert Ruth
Published: March 2020

IntroductionDisease registers and electronic health records are valuable resources for disease surveillance and research but can be limited by variation in data quality over time. Quality may be limited in terms of the accuracy of clinical information, of the 'internal linkage' that supports person-based analysis of most administrative datasets, or by errors in linkage between multiple datasets.
ObjectivesBy linking the National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register (NDSCR) to Hospital Episode Statistics for England (HES), we aimed to assess the quality of each and establish a consistent approach for analysis of trends in prevalence of Down’s syndrome among live births in England.
MethodsProbabilistic record linkage of NDSCR to HES for the period 1998–2013, supported by linkage of babies to mothers within HES. Comparison of prevalence estimates in England using NDSCR only, HES data only, and linked data. Capture-recapture analysis and quantitative bias analysis were used to account for potential errors, including false positive diagnostic codes, unrecorded diagnoses, and linkage error.
ResultsAnalyses of single-source data indicated increasing live birth prevalence of Down’s Syndrome, particularly analysis of HES. Linked data indicated a contrastingly stable prevalence of 12.3 (plausible range: 11.6–12.7) cases per 10 000 live births.
ConclusionsCase ascertainment in NDSCR improved slightly over time, creating a picture of slowly increasing prevalence. The emerging epidemic suggested by HES primarily reflects improving linkage within HES (assignment of unique patient identifiers to hospital episodes). Administrative data are valuable but trends should be interpreted with caution, and with assessment of data quality over time. Data linkage with quantitative bias analysis can provide more robust estimation and, in this case, reassurance that prevalence is not increasing. Routine linkage of administrative and register data can enhance the value of each.
Stemming Kata Berimbuhan Tidak Baku Bahasa Indonesia Menggunakan Algoritma Jaro-Winkler Distance
Authors: Qulub Mudawil , Utami Ema , Sunyoto Andi
Published: March 2020

Bahasa merupakan media untuk mengekspresikan keinginan, gagasan, dan perasaan. Dalam kaitannya dengan bahasa indonesia, bahasa dapat mencerminkan prilaku dalam sebuah masyarakat. Bahasa indonesia dapat digunakan secara formal maupun non-formal. Bahasa non-formal berbentuk kata tidak baku yang biasanya digunakan dalam komentar atau posting dalam media sosial. Salah satu contoh kata tidak baku adalah “nemenin” yang kata formalnya “menemani” dan kata dasarnya adalah “teman”. Dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan pengujian akurasi algoritma Jaro-Winkler distance dalam mengubah kata imbuhan tidak baku menjadi bentuk dasarnya, proses ini disebut dengan stemming. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sebanyak 60 kata berimbuhan tidak baku. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan tingkat akurasi algoritma Jaro-Winkler sebesar 85% atau 51 kata berhasil di-stemming (3 overstemming, 6 unstemming, 0 understemming).Kata Kunci—Kata Imbuhan Tidak Baku, Stemming, Jaro-Winkler DistanceLanguage that represents the media to attract interest, regulate, and feel. In reversing it with Indonesian, language can reflect behavior in a society. Indonesian can be used formally or informally. Non-formal language in the form of non-formal words used in comments or posts on social media. One example of a non-formal word is "accompanying" the formal word "accompany" and the basic word is "friend". In this research, the Jaro-Winkler algorithm will be tested the distance in changing non-formal affix words into a form of interaction, this process is called stemming. This research uses data as many as 60 words that are not standardized. The test results show the level of testing of the Jaro-Winkler algorithm is 85% or 51 words successfully stemmed (3 overstemming, 6 unstemming, 0 understemming).Keywords— Non-Formal Affix, Stemming, Jaro-Winkler Distance
The Arabic Origins of English and Indo-European “Definite Articles”: A Radical Linguistic Theory Approach
Authors: Jassem Zaidan Ali
Published: March 2020

This paper traces the Arabic origins or cognates of the “definite articles” in English and Indo-European languages from a radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory perspective. The data comprises the definite articles in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian, Latin, Greek, Macedonian, Russian, Polish, Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Persian, and Arabic. The results clearly indicate that five different types of such articles emerged in the data, all of which have true Arabic cognates with the same or similar forms and meanings, whose differences are due to natural and plausible causes and different routes of linguistic change, especially lexical, semantic, or morphological shift. Therefore, the results support the adequacy of the radical linguistic theory according to which, unlike the Family Tree Model or Comparative Method, Arabic, English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit not only belong to the same language family, renamed Eurabian or Urban family, but also are dialects of the same language, with Arabic being their origin all because only it shares the whole cognates with them all and because it has a huge phonetic, morphological, grammatical, and lexical variety. They also manifest fundamental flaws and grave drawbacks which plague English and Indo-European lexicography for ignoring Arabic as an ultimate ancestor and progenitor not only in the treatment of the topic at hand but in all others in general. On a more general level, they also show that there is a radical language from which all human languages stemmed and which has been preserved almost intact in Arabic, thus being the most conservative and productive language
APPLICATION OF NEW METHOD OF ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION OF SEVAN TROUT (SALMO ISCHCHAN, KESSLER) EGGS IN NATURAL CONDITION OF TRIBUTARIES OF LAKE SEVAN
Authors: Barseghyan Nelli , Vardanyan Tigran , Asatryan Vardan , Dallakyan Marine , Arakelyan Anush , Mamikonyan Vardan
Published: March 2020

Endemic fish species of Armenian ichthyofauna – the Sevan trout (Salmo ischchan, Kessler, 1877) is registered in the Red Book of Animals of the Republic of Armenia as critically endangered (corresponds to IUCN category: CR A2cd). Its natural reproduction hardly occurs as a result of numerous problems related to the use and management of water and bio-resources in the drainage basin of Lake Sevan. The Lichq River is formerly known as a spawning river for two ecological races of Sevan trout, but because of different factors there are no more wild populations of Sevan trout spawning. The aim of the study was checking the efficiency of two methods of egg incubation in the Lichq River for restoration of Gegarkuni population. The experiments were carried out with newly fertilized and eyed eggs of Gegarkuni in the same periods and in the same areas to avoid the unforeseen effects of environmental factors on assessment. The results showed that the mortality rate of green eggs in the natural conditions is quite high before reaching eyed egg stage (65-68%), while the mortality rate of eyed eggs planted in the natural conditions is only 9-17%. This means that the effectiveness of planting eyed eggs is higher for the artificial restoration of Gegarkuni stocks in the nature.
CULTIVATION OF MARINE ZOOPLANKTON IN POLYCULTURE
Authors: Novoselova Nina , Kanieva Nuria Abdrakhimovna
Published: March 2020

The paper presents the results of co-cultivation of marine and brackish organisms obtained at the experimental production center Cherished (the Strait of Kerch) for the period 2014-2019. Ciliates Euplotes charon O. F. Müller 1786, and Mesodinium pulex Claparede et Lachmann, 1858; rotifers Brachionus plicatilis O. F. Müller, 1786, and Br. urceus Linneaus, 1758; cladocera Moina brachiata Jurine, 1820; copepods Diaptomus salinus Daday, 1885, and Tisbe furcata Baird, 1837 were taken as the research material. Zooplankton was cultivated by accumulative (cultivation in batches) and semi-continuous methods. The nutrient mixture for zooplankton in the experimental tanks and in the pond served as feeds, yeast was used in the control group. Introducing of the nutrient mixture has been stated to contribute to the creation of a trophic chain: nutrient mixture-microzooplankton-phytoplankton-mesozooplankton. As a result, each species finds its own food and does not compete in nutrition for other species of zooplankton organisms. Co-cultivation provided daily from 30 to 500 g of raw zooplankton biomass per 1 m3 of aqueous medium. Co-cultivation of various zooplankton organisms with the use of nutrient mixtures as feeds creates a favorable microbiota of the aquatic environment. The aquatic environment in the cultivation of zooplankton organisms had stable hydrochemical parameters. The resulting raw biomass of zooplankton organisms was used for feeding mullet and flounder larvae and juveniles.
Studying specific features of growing aquatic animals together with plants and bacterial strains in aquaponic unit
Authors: Gridina Tatyana , Aleksandrova Ulyana
Published: March 2020

The article touches upon the acute problems of eco-agriculture and decreasing quantity and quality of food products in large cities. The solution to the main problem of agriculture at present – namely, increasing the yield of biological products - should be obtained through the use of new technologies and modern methods of growing fish and agricultural products. Joint cultivation of different types of fish, agricultural plants and bacterial strains in a modular installation opens up enormous opportunities to make the production more efficient, to reduce the time for growing plants, and to obtain safe products. In cultivation process the waste products of farmed fish become the fertilizers for growing crops by the hydroponic method. The data on growing tilapia and strawberries in the aquaponic unit with addition of a bacterial strain are presented. In the course of the experiment there was analyzed the physiological state of tilapia: indicators of weight gain, fatness ratio. Joint cultivation of fish and plants in the unit leads to accumulating high concentrations of nitrogen compounds in plants, which not only gives the product unpleasant taste, but can also result in health problems of the end user. The accumulation of nitrates in plants reduces the diversity of farmed agricultural products. There was carried out an experiment on using bacterial isolate (bacterial strain) to reduce the proportion of nitrates in the system and accelerate the development of plants. Adding a bacterial strain to the plant reduced the level of nitrates. Besides, possessing the economically useful properties (stimulation of plant growth and development), the bacterial strain inhibited the development of pathogens. The practical value is the opportunity to get safe and environmentally friendly fish and vegetable products in a shorter time.
THE IMPACT AND THE RISK OF ABANDONED BUILDINGS FROM PETROȘANI CITY ON THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: FAUR Florin , APOSTU Izabela-Maria
Published: March 2020

The city of Petroșani, as well as the whole area known as Jiu’s Valley, is integrated in a general vision of transforming a mining region into a tourist destination and, in this context, the aspects related to the quality of the urban landscape must be taken into account in a very serious manner. Although most people, when they hear about landscape, think of the wonderful areas surrounding Petroșani city, the urban landscape should not be ignored either, this being the first that comes in contact with the tourists who will visit this region and will contribute to the economic well-being of the inhabitants. The present paper analyzes the impact of abandoned buildings on the urban landscape (environment) having as a starting point a reality valid in many former industrialized regions, namely that due to the countless restructuring, the population is constantly decreasing and one of the common consequences is represented by the large number of abandoned buildings, in different stages of degradation. These buildings, besides the fact that they strongly degrade the urban landscape (environment), often represent true outbreaks of infection and a real public danger, being exposed to the risk of arson or collapse. For this purpose, we have adapted the methods for identifying/ estimating the anthropic impact on the environment (the network method and the impact/risk matrices) for the situation under study.
ASSESSMENT OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE FROM DRINKING WATER WITHIN A POPULATION GROUP IN COVASNA COUNTY, ROMANIA
Authors: FAZAKAS Emese , POP Cristian
Published: March 2020

Numerous studies have shown that groundwater is naturally contaminated with arsenic exceeding 10 µg/l in the western and central area of Romania. Arsenic contaminated drinking water is a health hazard; therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the exposure to arsenic in drinking water within a population group. In 2014 we recruited 25 subjects from Covasna County, Romania. Participants completed a questionnaire and we collected water samples from drinking water sources (springs and tap) and nail samples. Arsenic concentrations were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Exposure doses and cancer risk were calculated individually for each subject, following a methodology developed by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 91.8 µg/l, with mean 22.16±37.44 µg/l (mean±SD), in drinking water; and ranged from 0.04 to 100.30 µg/g, with mean 16.90±20.97 µg/g (mean±SD) in nail samples. Exposure doses were above MRL (minimal risk level) for chronic exposure for 3 subjects. Risk estimations predicted a theoretical risk of 5 excess cancer cases in a population of 10,000. Groundwater sources are a potential health hazard for the population in the area, thus due to the limitations of the present study, further studies are needed with extended no of participants and additional individual data.
THE IMPACT OF ROAD TRAFFIC ON THE AIR QUALITY IN CLUJ-NAPOCA: CASE STUDY- NORTH RING ROAD FLOREŞTI – CLUJ-NAPOCA
Authors: NISTOR Elena Larisa , BODOR Anamaria , OPREA Marius George , ȘTEFĂNIE Horațiu
Published: March 2020

In this research, we analysed the impact of road traffic on air quality at the Cluj-Napoca border. For this purpose, the road traffic on the North ring road was monitored: Floreşti (Pădurii Street) - Cluj-Napoca (Donath Street) at the same time with the measurement of the particulate matter PM10. The daily average road traffic was determined according to 'AND 584-2002 normative: "Normative for the calculation of the traffic for the design of the roads from the point of view of the carrying capacity and traffic capacity". For the measurement of particulate matter concentrations PM10, two Dusttrak DRX Aerosol Monitor Model 8533 instruments were used, capable of simultaneously providing mass concentration data for all particle size fractions over a wide range of concentrations (0.001-150 mg/m3) in real time. These were located in two different areas of the ring road: the first instrument was about 20 m from the road on Donath Street in Cluj-Napoca, and the second at a distance of about 80 meters from the road, outside the city.
TEKNOLOGI DAN PENDAMPINGAN MONITORING PERAIRAN UNTUK BUDIDAYA DI DESA BABAKAN, KABUPATEN PANGANDARAAN
Authors: Purba Noir P. , Faizal Ibnu , Setiwati Dini , Mulyani Putri G.
Published: March 2020

Kegiatan pendampingan monitoring perairan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi terkait penyebab kematian ikan di Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA) di desa Babakan, Kabupaten Pangandaraan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pembudidaya adalah kematian ikan yang sering sekali terjadi. Untuk itu, metode yang dipakai adalah dengan integrasi hasil penelitian, pengamatan lapangan dan pendampingan. Metode pelaksanaan adalah dengan melakukan pengamatan langsung dan pengukuran langsung parameter air seperti kecerahan, DO, suhu, arus, dan salinitas perairan. Selanjutnya interpretasi dilakukan dengan melihat komoditas ikan yang ada sehingga dapat dijelaskan penyebab kematian ikan. Pendampingan ini dilakukan kepada kelompok Karang Taruna pengelola KJA dan mahasiswa KKN (Kuliah Kerja Nyata). Hasil kualitas air menunjukkan bahwa parameter air di KJA tidak lagi mendukung untuk budidaya dikarenakan arus yang lambat, kecerahan yang rendah, suhu yang tinggi. Hasil kegiatan adalah bahwa kelompok budidaya dan mahasiswa mengetahui bagaimana monitoring perairan dan penyebab kematian ikan serta mendapatkan informasi tentang salah satu kegunaan RHEA sebagai alat ukur untuk monitoring kondisi perairan. Dalam hal ini RHEA dapat digunakan untuk monitor perairan.
PEMBELAJARAN DAN PELATIHAN SENI KARINDING DI KABUPATEN CIAMIS SEBAGAI UPAYA PELESTARIAN BUDAYA LELUHUR SUNDA
Authors: Sofyan Agus Nero , Sofianto Kunto , Sutirman Maman , Suganda Dadang
Published: March 2020

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan judul “Pembelajaran dan Pelatihan Seni Karinding di Kabupaten Ciamis, Provinsi Jawa Barat sebagai Upaya Pelestarian Budaya Leluhur Sunda” dilaksanakan di Desa Winduraja, Kecamatan Kawali, Kabupaten Ciamis. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat, terutama para siswa, para petani, dan karang taruna, tentang pentingnya pengetahuan tentang seni di Kabupaten Ciamis untuk melestarikan budaya Sunda. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk penyuluhan seni karinding di Ciamis. Dalam pelaksanannya, pengabdian ini bekerja sama dengan pemerintah daerah dan Karang Taruna. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah metode ceramah dan tanya jawab. Materi yang diberikan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah seni tradisional leluhur masyarakat Ciamis, yaitu seni karinding. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah menampilkan narasumber yang kompeten dalam bidang seni karinding sebagai data primer dan kajian pustaka sebagai data sekunder. Hasil yang dicapai dalam pengabdian ini adalah bahwa masyarakat Ciamis masih memelihara/melestarikan seni karinding sehingga bisa dijadikan satu di antara budaya leluhur di Ciamis.
Mat á námi og vellíðan barna: Lærdómur af samstarfsrannsókn í fimm leikskólum
Authors: Karlsdóttir Kristín , Björnsdóttir Margrét Sigríður , Ólafsdóttir Sara M.
Published: March 2020

Grein þessi fjallar um samstarfsrannsókn (e. collaborative action research) sem unnin var í samstarfi RannUng (Rannsóknarstofu í menntunarfræði ungra barna) og fimm leikskóla í sveitarfélögum á höfuðborgarsvæðinu. Markmið þessarar samstarfsrannsóknar var að þróa leiðir til að meta nám og vellíðan barna í þátttökuleikskólunum, í samræmi við áherslur í Aðalnámskrá leikskóla 2011. Tilgangurinn var að leikskólakennarar og leiðbeinendur í leikskólunum þróuðu matsaðferðir sem jafnframt endurspegluðu þau viðhorf til náms sem byggt er á í leikskólastarfinu. Rannsóknin var skipulögð með samstarfsrannsóknarsniði, þar sem þátttakendur í hverjum leikskóla völdu og mótuðu matsaðferðir út frá meginmarkmiðum leikskólastarfsins í samstarfi við háskólakennara og meistaranema frá Menntavísindasviði Háskóla Íslands sem studdu við ferlið og héldu utan um rannsóknir og kynningu á verkefninu. Niðurstöður leiddu í ljós að misræmi var á viðhorfum þátttakenda til náms og þeirra matsaðferða sem stuðst var við í leikskólunum. Megináhersla í leikskólastarfinu var á félagsfærni, vellíðan og sköpun barna en við mat á námi hafði verið lögð áhersla á að meta þroskaþætti svo sem varðandi málþroska og hljóðkerfisvitund. Í ljósi þess að aðstæður í leikskólunum voru misjafnar og þær leiðir sem þátttakendur völdu til að ná markmiðum í hverjum leikskóla voru ólíkar má segja að lærdómur í hverjum leikskóla beri þess merki. Í öllum leikskólunum mátti greina viðhorfsbreytingu hjá leikskólakennurum en sérstaklega hjá leiðbeinendum. Breytingin birtist í að með því að skrá það sem fram fór beindu leikskólakennarar og leiðbeinendur athygli sinni meira að áhuga barnanna og sjónarmið þeirra urðu sýnilegri í leikskólastarfinu. Þróun skráninga sem nýta mátti í mati á námi og vellíðan barna komst vel á veg í nokkrum leikskólanna. Mikilvægur þáttur námssöguskráninga felst í ígrundun, en þann þátt hefðu flestir þátttakendur í þessari rannsókn mátt þróa betur. Tveir leikskólanna nýttu stafræna tækni meira en aðrir og þátttakendur í þeim leikskólum létu vel af því. Ekki virtist þó sem tæknin veitti meira svigrúm til ígrundunar. Skráningarnar voru gjarnan, en þó mismikið, nýttar til breytinga með það að markmiði að styðja betur við áhuga, nám og styrkleika barna, en þær reyndust sjaldan nýttar til ígrundunar með börnunum.
Þróun námssöguskráninga – þátttaka foreldra og barna
Authors: Kuzminove Jelena , Garðarsdóttir Bryndís , Björnsdóttir Margrét Sigríður
Published: March 2020

Mat á námi barna, sem á sér stað í leik þeirra og athöfnum, er mikilvægt fyrir leikskólakennara, annað starfsfólk, foreldra og börnin sjálf til að auka þekkingu og skilning á þroska þeirra, námi þeirra og líðan. Í Aðalnámskrá leikskóla frá 2011 er lögð áhersla á að námsmat eigi að vera reglubundinn þáttur í skólastarfi og er leikskólum ætlað að þróa fjölbreyttar aðferðir við að meta nám og vellíðan barna. Rannsóknin, sem hér er fjallað um, var samstarfsrannsókn (e. collaborative action research) og fór fram í einum leikskóla á höfuðborgarsvæðinu. Hún var hluti af samstarfsverkefni RannUng og fimm leikskóla víðs vegar um höfuðborgarsvæðið. Rannsóknin bar vinnuheitið Mat á námi og vellíðan barna. Markmið verkefnisins var að styðja þátttakendur í að þróa aðferðir til að meta nám og vellíðan barna í leikskóla. Í leikskólanum sem þessi rannsókn sneri að var valið að þróa og bæta vinnu með námssögur sem matsaðferð. Þátttakendur voru starfsmenn einnar deildar í þriggja deilda leikskóla á höfuðborgarsvæðinu ásamt leikskólastjóranum. Börnin á deildinni voru nítján á aldrinum 2ja-3ja ára. Á deildinni störfuðu tveir leikskólakennarar og tveir leiðbeinendur en auk þeirra tóku þátt í rannsókninni sérfræðingur frá Menntavísindasviði Háskóla Íslands ásamt meistaranema, sem var tengiliður hópsins og sá um að safna, skrá og halda utan um gögnin sem aflað var. Gögnum var safnað með viðtölum við þátttakendur í leikskólanum við upphaf og lok verkefnisins, með skráningu á fundum, dagbókaskrifum, vettvangsathugunum, ljósmyndum og skráðum heimildum eins og skólanámskrá og ferilmöppum. Niðurstöður sýna að þátttakendur hafi þróað og eflt færni sína í skráningu námssagna. Með námssögunum tókst þeim að vekja áhuga foreldra á því sem börnin fengust við í leikskólanum og fengu jafnframt upplýsingar um reynslu barnanna utan leikskólans þar sem foreldrar tóku einnig þátt í skráningum. Börnin fengu tækifæri í leikskólanum til að skoða og tjá sig um námssögur sem starfsmenn og foreldrar höfðu skráð. Þrátt fyrir að þátttakendur hafi talið námssögur góðar til að draga fram styrkleika barnanna þá töldu þeir þurfa annars konar skráningar til að ná utan um og fylgjast með þroskaþáttum barna.
NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EARLY CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY IN ATHEROTHROMBOTIC STROKE
Authors: Stafeeva I. V. , Dudanov I. P. , Voznjouk I. A. , Ordinec S. V. , Ahmetov V. V.
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION. At present, the advantages of surgical treatment over conservative methods in patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis of the carotid arteries are actively discussed. Nowadays, the main discussion issues are the time from the beginning of the stroke to the operation and the criteria for selecting patients for surgical intervention. In recent years, neurophysiological methods for studying spontaneous and evoked brain activity, which are able to identify functional disorders that have important prognostic significance, have become the most relevant.

OBJECTIVE. To study the dynamics of spectral-coherent parameters of EEG and somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with ischemic atherothrombotic stroke of different severity, who were performed carotid endarterectomy on the heart attack side in an acute period.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. We examined 105 patients with ischemic stroke who underwent carotid endarterectomy in the acute period, analyzed the dynamics of spectral, coherent characteristics of EEG and amplitude-latency parameters of somatosensory evoked potentials in the postoperative period.

RESULTS. The dynamics of power spectra, intra-hemispheric EEG, latency and amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials and clinical parameters were compared.

CONCLUSION. It is shown that significant suppression of alpha activity power on the side of both hemispheres, decrease of intra-hemispheric coherence and amplitude of N20-P23 on the side of clinically intact hemisphere in the period up to 3 weeks after surgery determines a longer recovery of neurological deficit in the postoperative period.