bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESPAÇOS NÃO FORMAIS AMAZÔNICOS COMO ORGANIZADORES PRÉVIOS DA APRENDIZAGEM NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Araújo Mara Dalila Ferreira de , Costa Lucélida de Fátima Maia da
Published: January 2025

O Ensino de Ciências, em espaços não formais, abre possibilidades para a articulação entre os saberes locais e saberes científicos com vistas a uma aprendizagem significativa. Neste artigo apresenta-se resultados de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo com o objetivo de analisar, na perspectiva da aprendizagem significativa, como saberes locais podem se tornar organizadores prévios da aprendizagem de conteúdos científicos, nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de observações sistemática e participante e de pesquisa bibliográfica, e foram analisados por meio de uma triangulação. Epistemologicamente, buscou-se fundamentos na Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa (TAS) a partir de Ausubel (2003) e Moreira (2016), e em aportes teóricos da pesquisa da área de Ensino de Ciências, particularmente, de espaços não formais tais como: Terán e Santos (2014), Chassot (2018), Ghedin (2012). Os resultados obtidos indicam que os espaços não formais existentes no entorno da escola, podem se tornar organizadores prévios da aprendizagem de conteúdos de Ciências Naturais, promovendo interação entre os conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes para, de maneira mais eficiente, dialogar com os conhecimentos científicos. Decorrente dos resultados, com o intuito de contribuir com o Ensino de Ciências em contextos amazônicos, indica-se possibilidades de diálogos entre os conhecimentos locais, de estudantes de 6º e 7º anos, com conteúdos da disciplina Ciências Naturais em consonância com Base Comum Curricular (BNCC) e o Referencial Amazonense (RCA).
ATIVIDADES EXPERIMENTAIS COMO ESTRATÉGIA POTENCIALIZADORA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA ALFABETIZAÇÃO CIENTIFICA
Authors: Silva Vanderlaine Dias Caldas da , Rosinke Patricia , Woberto Carmem
Published: January 2025

Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados da implementação de uma Sequência Didática que teve por objetivo analisar e classificar a produção dos estudantes em relação aos indicadores de Alfabetização Científica a partir de atividades experimentais.  Esse processo aconteceu em uma turma de nono ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola da rede estadual de ensino na cidade de Sinop-MT. No escopo metodológico a pesquisa se configurou na abordagem qualitativa de cunho exploratório, os dados mostraram registros das produções dos participantes, após a realização das atividades propostas, em diferentes momentos da aplicação da Sequência Didática. Após as análises demonstrou-se que as atividades experimentais contribuem para o processo de Alfabetização Cientifica desde que tais práticas sejam contextualizadas e potencializadas com momentos de discussões.
ENSINO DE FÍSICA: UMA ABORDAGEM DE PRÁTICAS DIDÁTICAS NO CONTEXTO DA EJA
Authors: Ferreira do Nascimento Erinaldo , Miranda Pinto Francisco Ricardo
Published: January 2025

O presente texto tem como objetivo relatar a experiência do ensino das escalas termométricas e de calor no ensino de Física. Assim, apresenta algumas abordagens sobre temperaturas no ensino de Física, levando em conta o contexto social dos estudantes, além de discutir como esses conceitos são abordados nos documentos oficiais que regem a educação básica brasileira. Diante disso, a metodologia adotada foi de abordagem qualitativa, que versa sobre o desenvolvimento dos sujeitos envolvidos. Dessa forma, foi aplicada em uma unidade Colegial do Estado da Bahia, no Território de Identidade do Piemonte Norte do Itapicuru com estudantes da modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), Etapa VII - 3ª série. Participaram da prática didática 20 estudantes. Sendo assim, após a aplicação e análise das discussões verifica-se como o ensino de Física aplicado ao contexto social contribui para o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem dos estudantes. Concluindo, pode-se dizer que a pratica didática aplicada aos contextos sociais tem grande relevância para os estudantes da EJA.
La transformación digital en la gestión empresarial desde un enfoque bibliográfico sobre estrategias y desafíos actuales
Authors: Sánchez-Quinde Maira Alexandra , Proaño-González Esther Angelica , Urresta-Yépez Ramiro Fernando
Published: January 2025

Digital transformation in business management is a critical phenomenon for organizations to remain competitive in a globalized and dynamic environment. This article analyzes from a bibliographic approach the strategies employed and the challenges faced in this process. The methodology includes a systematic review of recent scientific literature, prioritizing studies indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. The results highlight the implementation of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and Big Data, which enhance operational efficiency and facilitate decision making. It also highlights the need to redesign internal processes and overcome barriers such as resistance to cultural change and lack of digital skills in the workforce. While the benefits include greater organizational agility and business model innovation, the barriers identified reflect the complexity of organizational change required for successful transformation. In conclusion, successful digital transformation depends on a holistic approach that combines technological investment, skills training and cultural change management. This study provides practical and theoretical insights, helping companies and academics to better understand this multifaceted challenge.
Impacto de las normas internacionales de información financiera en la calidad contable según revisión sistemática
Authors: Reymundo-Soto Emiliano , Navarrete-Zambrano Cecilia Mercedes
Published: January 2025

The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) seeks to improve the quality of accounting reports through greater comparability and transparency in global markets. This article reviews the literature on their impact, highlighting benefits in developed markets, where they have facilitated financial integration and reduced information asymmetries. However, in emerging economies they face challenges such as weak regulatory infrastructures, lack of training and cultural barriers. The effectiveness of IFRS depends on factors such as corporate governance, auditor independence and the soundness of the regulatory framework. While IFRS have improved the quality of reporting in various contexts, their adoption does not guarantee uniform results due to institutional and economic disparities. It is essential to adapt their implementation to local specificities to maximize their effectiveness. This analysis concludes that the success of IFRS requires a robust institutional environment and an organizational culture committed to transparency. Although they represent a step towards global accounting harmonization, their impact depends on the ability to overcome local barriers.
Pattern of Conjunctival Diseases in North Kordofan State
Authors: Ali Ibraheim Khalil
Published: January 2025

Background: The conjunctiva is one of the most important elements of the eye because it covers the anterior white sclera and reflects on the eyelids, providing protection and lubrication while also producing mucus, which is an important component of the tear film. It also serves as a protective barrier against germ entry into the eye and aids in immunity. It is highly vascularized and has numerous lymphatic vessels. Some conjunctival disorders are caused by trauma, such as subconjunctival hemorrhage and conjunctival tear, while others are caused by infection, such as trachoma and conjunctivitis. Methodology: The study was carried out at the Ophthalmology Emergency Department of surgery El-Obeid Teaching Hospital and Dr. Khalil's Ophthalmology Center in North Kordofan State, Sudan. It was retrospective, descriptive research. The study sample covered all conjunctival illnesses, data was drawn from the medical record of 1000 patients with varied eye conditions, 175 patients with conjunctival diseases were selected. Results: This study investigated 175 patients with conjunctival abnormalities to determine the frequency of these diseases in North Kordofan state. The findings showed that conjunctival illnesses were more common in men, with 95 out of 175 cases (54%) and 80 out of 175 (46%) being females. The male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1, and the age range of 21-33 years was the most frequent, accounting for 33%. This was followed by the age groups of 33-53 years, 10-20 years, <9 years, and beyond 54 years, with percentages of 20%, 19%, 18%, and 10%, respectively. Subconjunctival hemorrhage was the most common type of conjunctival illness, accounting for 54% of cases, followed by conjunctivitis 17%, pterygium 15%, conjunctival tear 9%, pinguecula 3%, conjunctival nevus 1%, and trachoma. Conclusion: Conjunctival disorders were prevalent in Northern Kordofan state, with the most common being subconjunctival hemorrhage, conjunctivitis, pterygium, and conjunctival tear.
Advancing Fiscal Management in E-Commerce: Trends, Technologies, and Challenges
Authors: Jiang Haocheng , Marimuthu Anbalagan , Yang Xiangdong
Published: January 2025

Amid the rapid expansion of e-commerce, network-based financial accounting has emerged as a pivotal element in modern corporate financial management. Traditional accounting frameworks are increasingly challenged by the digital transformation, globalization, and rapid technological advances within the e-commerce space. This paper provides an in-depth examination of network financial accounting, exploring its development trends, key characteristics, and the latest advancements in the field. It also addresses the challenges and strategies that arise from the integration of emerging technologies, institutional reforms, and global market dynamics. The research emphasizes the potential of cutting-edge technologies like AI and blockchain to revolutionize financial accounting practices, offering improvements in transparency, accuracy, and real-time data processing. Lastly, the paper outlines projections for the future of e-commerce network financial accounting and provides policy recommendations, as well as practical insights for businesses and governments to navigate these ongoing transformations.
Research on the Simulation Test of Intelligent Connected Automobile Sensor Based on Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Xu Xiaoyu , Lazaro Joan
Published: January 2025

With the continuous development of virtual reality technology and intelligent and connected vehicles, Sensor test data based on actual vehicles are also increasing, The time required for road testing has increasing, Testing is also becoming more difficult and expensive, In order to improve the efficiency of measurement collection and autonomous driving algorithm development for large and laser sensors of intelligent connected vehicle cameras, Reduce the development costs, This study is based on the virtual reality technology, Using panosim software to build a simulation test platform, By creating a road test map in real time, selecting a vehicle model, selecting and installing the sensor type, Using python to read the camera image data and lidar point cloud information, Further through unity3D synchronization simulation screen for road analysis, Receive the image data transmitted through the TCP / IP connection on the server side, And display the received images using the OpenCV, To verify the accuracy of the algorithm, Using virtual simulation technology shortens the sensor development and test cycle to some extent, Reduced costs, It has practical significance.
EU Food Law and the Politics of the Internal Market: The Challenge of Cultivated Meat
Authors: Bellenghi Guido , Knuth Luca
Published: January 2025

By banning cultivated meat, Italy has added another facet to the recent politicisation surrounding meat substitution. Sketching its genesis, content, and political context, the article analyses the ban's compatibility with EU law as well as its potential future implications for the
harmonised system of EU food law. Procedural deficiencies and competence issues render the ban inapplicable and ultra vires. Even in potential future scenarios where the Commission has authorised a cultivated meat product, the current framework of EU internal market law leaves little margin
for derogations. Yet, the ban offers an opportunity to reflect on more fundamental issues, with regard in particular to the criticism concerning the alleged reductionism of the administrative procedures envisaged by EU food law. According to the concerns raised by several Member States, the
latter would indeed be too focused on science-based health and safety concerns, neglecting broader socio-economic and ethical considerations. In the article, this criticism is contrasted with the letter of the Novel Food Regulation, which foresees engagement with 'other legitimate factors'.
Contextualising such a critique with past regulatory practices and debates, though, allows to shed light on the crucial role of comitology and its function as a filter for political sensitivities. Ultimately, it is shown how procedural duties could foster the deliberative quality of EU administrative
decision-making by mandating engagement with other legitimate factors beyond narrower science-based health and safety aspects.
Towards a uniform system of administrative review before the Boards of Appeal: wishful thinking? The amended Article 58a of the Statute of the European Court of Justice
Authors: Chirulli Paola
Published: January 2025

This article analyses the new amendment of Article 58a of the Statute of the European Court of Justice, which has extended to all the European agencies equipped with an independent Board of Appeal (BoA) – the filtering mechanism for appeals against a judgment of the General Court
concerning a decision of the BoA. After briefly discussing the strengths and the weaknesses of administrative review before the BoAs, the article reflects on the challenges that the generalization of the filtering mechanisms poses to the uniformity of the system of BoAs and to the overall
quality of the protection of rights vis-à-vis European agencies.
Shared Jurisdiction of EU Courts over Preliminary Rulings: One procedure. Two Courts. One Interpretation?
Authors: Sánchez Sara Iglesias
Published: January 2025

The 2024 reform of the Statute of the Court of Justice has activated for the first time in EU history Article 256(3) TFEU, granting jurisdiction to the General Court to hear and determine preliminary references in six 'specific areas'. Together with the articulation of the allocation
of cases between the two EU Courts, one question becomes now prominent: how to ensure uniform interpretation of EU Law. This brief contribution will reflect on the impact of the reform of the Statute on the EU judicial model and on the challenges of the new structure for internal decentralization
of jurisdiction over preliminary rulings.
Right to an Effective Remedy and to a Fair Trial: Is it Irrelevant whether a Procurement Review Body is Judicial in Character? Case C-303/22, CROSS Zlín
Authors: Sanchez-Graells Albert
Published: January 2025

In this case comment, I reflect on the position taken by the Court of Justice of the European Union in CROSS Zlín that, for the purposes of suspending the effectiveness of contract award decisions and preventing the conclusion of public contracts, it is irrelevant whether
a procurement review body is judicial in character or not. I reiterate the call for a review of the Remedies Directive.
Effect of Spatial Arrangement on Grain and Fruit Yield of Component Crops in Maize/Okra Intercrop in Kilifi County, Kenya
Authors: S. M. Nganga, , L.G Mounde, , J.B. Ndiso,
Published: January 2025

Maize production in Kilifi County, Kenya has been on the decline due to limitations of poor soils, unpredictable rainfall and its cultivation in small parcels of land. Okra is one of the high value crops intercropped with maize in the County. The area under okra cultivation has been on the rise due to increased demand, good export market, nutritional and medicinal value. Intercropping has considerable benefits of maximizing productivity. In Kilifi County, intercropping maize and okra is done in various mixtures, with inconsistence in plant density. Field studies were undertaken in two seasons: short rains (October 2020 - January 2021) and long rains (April - July 2021), at Industrial Crops Research Institute (ICRI) farm, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) - Mtwapa in Kilifi, Kenya. The objective was to evaluate the effect of spatial arrangement on grain and fruit yield of maize and okra respectively in maize/okra intercropping system. There were four treatments consisting of sole maize, sole okra, maize/okra intercrop in alternating rows of 1:2, and maize/okra intercrop in 2:2 spatial arrangement, replicated three times in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Maize yield data measured included: number of cobs per plant, cob diameter, cob length, cob weight, number of grains per cob, 1000 grain weight, and total grain yield. Okra yield parameters included number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit length and fruit yield (t/ha). Results showed that the number of okra fruits per plant, fruit weight and fruit length were significantly affected (P ≤ 0.05) by spatial arrangement. However, spatial arrangement did not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affect the number of cobs per plant, cob length, cob diameter, cob weight, number of grains per cob, 1000 grain weight and total maize grain yield. Moreover, okra fruit diameter, and total okra yield were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by spatial arrangement. This study recommends that farmers in Kilifi County can combine maize and okra as intercrop in the ratio 1:2 and 2:2. Intercropping maize and okra can enable them get their staple food of maize, and have okra vegetable to meet their dietary requirements, and increase land utilization.
Impacts of Mangrove Loss on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Jonah Useh, Uwem , J. I Magaji, , Kpalo Sunday , U. S Lay, , Uwem Useh, Mercy
Published: January 2025

The mangrove vegetation within the Niger Delta region of Nigeria is ravaged by anthropogenic practices including but not limited to rapid urbanization, aquaculture expansion and oil exploration which penultimately distorts the biodiversity of both the mangrove and marine environments, culminating in the loss of structural and functional integrity of these ecosystems, specifically their role in climate change regulation. The study aimed at assessing the changes in mangrove covers from 1987 to 2022 in the study area as well as examining the changes in GHGs emissions resulting from the mangrove changes. The methodology adopted a remote sensing-based research design utilizing satellite imagery to analyze temporal changes in mangrove cover and evaluated their association with climate variables such as CO2 emissions and LST of the study area. Each satellite image geo-referenced in ArcGIS 10.8 & LULC changes calculated using geometry module of ArcGIS 10.8. NDIR spectroscopy was used in examining the variation in GHGs emissions. The data obtained revealed mangrove reduction from 12,991 km2 in 1987 to 9,089km2 in 2022 resulting in the loss of 3,904.00 km2 of mangrove forest. The reduction resulted in increased CO₂ emissions from 370.70 ppm to 403.29 ppm between 1987 and 2022. These results illustrate a clear link between mangrove cover change and CO₂ emissions, highlighting the critical role mangroves play in regulating climate change. The study was able to show that significant losses in mangrove cover have been closely associated with increased CO₂ emissions, thus reflecting the vital role these ecosystems play in carbon sequestration which underscores the importance of preserving these vital ecosystems to mitigate local and global climate impacts.
Temperature Compensation of Low-cost Sensors for Accurate Temperature Measurement
Authors: Jadhav Ashish Madhukar , Ranpise Poonam
Published: January 2025

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical process in agricultural system. ET states the combined water loss from the soil and plant surfaces. Predicting ET is vital for effective water resource management. Accurate temperature and humidity measurements is instrumental in calculating Et.  Temperature measurement plays a key role in various industrial, scientific, and agricultural applications. The study investigates the performance of three temperature humidity sensors. DHT11, DHT22 and LM35. The sensors are analyzed under different conditions, including compensation, and with a temperature compensation algorithm, and with proportional P and proportional-integral-derivative PID controllers. Sensors are interfaced with a Raspberry Pi 4B model. The sensors were tested in controlled environments with temperatures ranging from 10 degrees to 100 degrees C, and their accuracy was evaluated by comparing their outputs with the reference values. Results revealed that the error percentages for all sensors exceeded permissible limits when used outside their specified ranges. Incorporating temperature compensation algorithm and P and PID controllers significantly improved measurement accuracy, reducing error percentages and root mean square errors (RMSE) across all sensors. Out of the three sensors, LM35 demonstrated a 5-fold reduction in error percentage at higher temperatures compared to other methods. The improved sensor accuracy has significant implications for agricultural applications such as ET calculation, where precise temperature data is necessary. Reducing error enhances better agricultural water management strategies and overall productivity.
Standardization of Organic Production Systems for Lettuce and Pokchoi in Nilgiris
Authors: Thamaraiselvi S.P. , Karthikeyan S. , Raja P. , Fernandaz C. Cinthia , Sivakumar V.
Published: January 2025

An experiment was conducted to standardize the cultivation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Pokchoi under organic production system at Horticultural Research Station, Ooty during 2022-23. These exotic vegetables are grown for salad purpose for different dishes and consumed as raw in most of the Indian and European cuisine. The consumption of these exotic crops has increased considerably and farmers cultivate the crop on everyday harvest basis. The organic farming practices will help the farmers to fetch good remuneration as well to produce and practice Good Agricultural Practices so as to feed the consumers. An experimental field trial was conducted at Wood house farm of Horticultural research station in Lettuce var. Green and Pokchoi var. Chacko. A total of five treatments viz., T1 – Control, T2 – Recommended dose of fertilisers, T3 – organic package followed by farmers, T4 - Package of practices based on recommendations of NOFRC (Nammazhvar Organic Farming Research Centre, TNAU, Coimbatore) and T5 - Modified Package of practices based on recommendations of NOFRC were imposed with four replications. The results revealed that Lettuce and Pokchoi grown under modified organic package of practices (Green manuring and biofumigation with mustard + FYM @ 25 tonnes per ha + top dressing vermicompost @ 2 tonnes per ha + 3% panchagavya foliar spray + 2 kg each of azospirillum + phosphobacteria + potashbacteria+ AM fungi) + need based application of biocontrol agents+ organic weedicide (vinegar 10% + common salt 5%) recorded significance with regard to morphological and yield parameters. Organic cultivation of Lettuce and Pokchoi plants proved significance when compared to cultivation with inorganic fertilizers and recorded a fresh weight of 176.3 g and 230.6 g respectively. The leaf quality of Lettuce and Pokchoi was also superior for use as salad and the organic production system thus can be popularized as a means of environmental sustainability.
Phylogenetic and Gene Expression of Norsolorinic Acid Analysis of Aflatoxigenic Strains and Quantification of Aflatoxin B1 Levels into White Rice Grains in Kenya
Authors: Youmma Douksouna , Tonui Ronald , Neyerere Andrew , Kipkoech Brian , Ambang Zachée
Published: January 2025

The most important pathogens of global significance in food security are mycotoxigenic fungi. Aflatoxigenic strains contamination in rice grains can lead to a health risk for consumers. Under appropriate conditions, aflatoxigenic fungi can grow and subsequently produce aflatoxins.  Aflatoxin poses a real threat to food safety and security and destroys approximately 25 % of the world's food crops and every year 420,000 people die from consuming contaminated food causing an estimated loss of 33 million healthy life years. This study screened Norsoloric Acid gene involved in the biosynthesis pathway, gene expression profile of aflatoxigenic strains characterized from rice grains, and assessed aflatoxin B1 levels in white rice grains. We combine the use of molecular techniques and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to detect aflatoxin biosynthesis aflD gene and quantify gene expression profile, and analyzed aflatoxin B1 levels, respectively.
The results shown that all aflatoxigenic strains analyzed in this study are clustered within the same clade based on the aflD gene. The targeted aflD gene for expression was amplified in all aflatoxigenic strains with higher relative level in Aspergillus flavus but no relative expression shown in Aspergillus fumigatus. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay showed that 43.1 % of the samples were found positive, with15.9 % being local rice and 27.2 % imported rice. Notably, 11.3 % of analyzed samples were above the recommended aflatoxin B1 in rice grains established by European Union with aflatoxin concentration ranging between 0 μg/kg to 3.2 μg/kg. These results are indicative of exposure of the population to aflatoxin B1 and possible health hazard. Our study reveals high levels of aflatoxin B1 contamination in both imported and local rice grains in Kenya. This study highlights the aflatoxigenic strains which are the potential aflatoxins contamination of different types of foodstuffs.
Morphometric Characterization of Apis mellifera (Italian Honey Bee) Across Different Agroclimatic Zones of Kumaun Region of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Joshi Mamta , Mall Pramod
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the morphometry of Apis mellifera across three diverse locations in Uttarakhand, spanning the Tarai irrigated (Pantnagar), Bhabar Irrigated (Nainital) and High hills (Almora), to explore regional adaptations and environmental influences. Significant regional differences were observed, with populations from high hills exhibiting larger dimensions, whereas populations from Tarai irrigated showed smaller size. The morphological characteristics of Apis mellifera worker bees were analyzed. A total of 13 morphological characters were measured using a stereo zoom microscope in combination with VUE software. The results suggest that morphometric variations can potentially distinguish intraspecific groups of honeybee colonies, identifying them as distinct ecotypes. Morphometric analysis of wings and body partsprovides valuable insights into honeybee biodiversity studies To facilitate species identification based on morphometric traits, Apis mellifera samples were collected. 40 worker bee samples were analyzed, and 13 morphometric characteristics were measured in the entomology laboratory at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (GBPUA&T). The biometric data were analyzed by calculating the mean, range, standard error, and coefficient of variation.
Isolation and Characterization of Naga King Chilli Rhizobacteria
Authors: Tiaienla  , Pongener Narola , Banik Susanta , Ao N. Tiameren , L Imtinaro , Bendangsenla
Published: January 2025

Amongst the many landraces of chilli that are cultivated in the North east region of India, the Naga king chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is one of the best known worldwide and is widely grown in the state of Nagaland.27  rhizospheric bacteria of Naga king chilli was isolated for their characterization and results suggested that the rhizosphere of Naga king chilli is dominated by smooth, round, either orange or milky white, smooth surface, convex with entire margin and translucent bacteria. The rhizosphere was also observed to be dominated by Gram negative bacteria (21 isolates) while, all the isolates were observed to give positive reaction catalase test and gelatine hydrolysis activity with 18 isolates being able to hydrolyse starch.
Strategy for Developing Horticulture Agricultural Production in Pollung District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency
Authors: Sitinjak Micael , Slamet Bejo , Lindawati
Published: January 2025

This study explores strategies to enhance horticultural agricultural production in Pollung District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, a key area for the national Food Estate program. With unique agro-climatic conditions and existing challenges such as limited market access, inefficient production planning, and climate change impacts, this research aims to fill critical knowledge gaps in developing competitive and sustainable horticultural practices. Data was collected from primary sources, including key informants (farmers, agricultural officers, and local leaders), and secondary sources, such as government reports, analyzed using Location Quotient (LQ), SWOT analysis, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The study identifies priority commodities with high development potential, including chili, shallots, and oranges, based on LQ values, and highlights factors such as technology adoption, market diversification, and workforce skill enhancement as critical to success. Key strategies proposed include improving production quality through technology, diversifying products to meet consumer trends, and expanding market access via partnerships. These strategies are projected to boost productivity and competitiveness while ensuring ecological sustainability. The findings underline the need for targeted interventions, paving the way for future research into the implications of climate change and advanced farming innovations on horticulture.
Seismic performance of the temple of Aphaia in Aegina island, Greece
Authors: Dasiou Maria‐Eleni , Lachanas Christos G. , Melissianos Vasileios E. , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios
Published: November 2023

The seismic performance assessment of the ancient Temple of Aphaia in Aegina island, Greece, is presented. The Temple of Aphaia was erected around 500BC using porous limestone and is one of the most characteristic examples of Doric architecture. The assessment is performed within a performance‐based framework using state‐of‐the‐art tools of earthquake engineering. In the first part, the seismic hazard of the site was calculated using the European Seismic Hazard Model and hazard‐consistent records were selected. Then, the Temple was scanned by drone and the point cloud was used to develop the numerical structural model. The Temple was analyzed using the discrete element method. Appropriate engineering demand parameters and limit state thresholds were defined. Fragility curves for the structural elements, namely, columns and architraves, of the Temple were computed via multi‐stripe analysis. Finally, the seismic risk of the Temple was evaluated using long‐term estimates in terms of return periods of exceeding limit states and total loss. The outcomes of the study offer valuable information to engineers, architects, and archaeologists regarding the current status of the monument in terms of identifying its most vulnerable elements and allowing the prioritization of short‐ and long‐term restoration actions.
The formation of fan‐deltas in mountain lakes: Findings from Zelené Kežmarské Lake (Slovakia)
Authors: Słowik Marcin , Prekopová Marta , Budinský Vladimír
Published: November 2023

Fan‐deltas are formed in mountain lakes, contributing to changes in shorelines' shapes and filling lake basins with sediments. Factors that condition sediment delivery to the lakes and the formation of fan‐deltas are not fully understood. This study aims to identify processes forming fan‐deltas in mountain lakes based on the sedimentary architecture of a fan‐delta filling Zelené Kežmarské Lake (Slovakia). Our study is based on ground‐penetrating radar and seismic refraction surveys conducted over the lake and debris‐flow fans in its vicinity, and grain‐size analyses of the surface deposits. The internal structure of the fan‐delta comprises foreset deposits representing the fan‐delta lobes. Mouth bars were identified in the near‐shore zone. The fan‐delta is built of sands and silty sands whereas an alluvial debris‐flow dominated fan west of the lake contains gravels. A general trend of downslope fining of the fan surface sediments, disturbed by zones of coarse gravels, was identified in the surficial sediments forming the fan. The fan‐delta was formed by depositional events in humid periods, alternating with dry periods featured with a small or no deposition. The lake‐level steadily rose in the humid periods and remained stable in dry periods. The contrast between the coarse sediments forming the alluvial debris‐flow dominated fan, and sands forming the fan‐delta was caused by a selective deposition. Coarse gravels in the fan were mobilized in humid periods but did not reach the lake‐shore. The reason was a basement rock ridge situated parallel to the lake shore. Sands were delivered to the fan‐delta in humid periods owing to frequent high‐energy flows. A deposition of silts took place in dry periods. The studied fan‐delta might preserve the sedimentary record of three humid periods from the last 200 years. However, further studies are needed to establish the timing of the fan‐delta formation.
Discovery and characterisation of a broderol‐like illudin, omphaderol in the mycelial extracts of Omphalotus mexicanus (Omphalotaceae) using UPLC‐QTOF‐MS and NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Eckhardt Paul , Reinecke Silke , Opatz Till , Stadler Marc , Sandargo Birthe
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The genus Omphalotus, in particular the “Jack‐O'Lantern mushrooms” Omphalotus illudens and Omphalotus olearius, are famous for the production of the DNA‐alkylating illudins. A lesser‐known species, Omphalotus mexicanus, native to Central America, also produces cytotoxic illudins S and M, but its minor secondary metabolites are yet to be investigated.

Objective

To identify, isolate, and elucidate the structure of novel secondary metabolites of the illudin family in mycelial extracts of O. mexicanus from submerse cultivation.

Methodology

A fermentation of the fungus in 15 L stirred tank bioreactors is described. Mycelial extracts were separated using a combination of flash chromatography with preparative RP‐C18 high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Analysis of metabolites was done using an ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet diode array detector (UPLC‐UV‐DAD) system coupled to an electrospray ionisation quadrupole time‐of‐flight (ESI‐QTOF) mass spectrometer. Structures were elucidated using one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) techniques followed by comparison of experimental and simulated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra to determine absolute configurations.

Results

Two novel illudin derivatives, for which we propose the names omphaderol (1) and illudaneol B (2), as well as illudaneol (3) and the unusual cyclobutylcyclopentane illudosin (4), were isolated from the mycelia and characterised.

Conclusion

Particularly the illudaneol derivatives with their high titers may be potential building blocks for an alternative semisynthetic route to new illudin derivatives with improved medical properties. Additionally, the findings improve the knowledge of minor illudin compounds in the mycelial extract of this fungus and may be of significance for future biosynthetic studies of the illudins.
Distributed consensus tracking of nonlinear MASs under stochastic switching topologies via aperiodically intermittent control
Authors: Zhao Xiujuan , Chen Shiming , Zhang Zheng , Zheng Yuanshi
Published: November 2023

In this article, we investigate the mean‐square consensus tracking problem of nonlinear MASs subjected to external disturbances under stochastic switching topologies. An aperiodically intermittent control strategy is proposed to guarantee consensus tracking in the mean‐square sense, which depends only on the local state information of the neighbors and the leader. The stochastic switching signal of the interaction topologies is modeled as a continuous‐time Markov process, and the aperiodically intermittent control method is driven by a discrete‐time series of stochastic samples, that are independent of each other. Moreover, several sufficient conditions are established to ensure the feasibility of the control strategy. The proofs are given by employing matrix inequality theory and Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed theoretical results.
Historical accounts provide insight on the geological evolution of the 20th century eruptions at Santorini volcano, Greece
Authors: Drymoni Kyriaki , Browning John , Pomonis Panagiotis , Magganas Andreas
Published: November 2023

The 20th century eruptions of the Santorini volcano in Greece are the most recent activity of the volcano’s long lifespan. While the different eruptions taking place between 1925 and 1950 have traditionally been considered to exhibit similar eruptive styles, aspects of their evolution and precise information related to the individual eruption dynamics were poorly constrained. This study collates field reports and historical accounts, mainly from the Greek national scientific committee, which was assigned to study the volcanic activity in Nea Kameni Island with recent field campaigns. This analysis provides further insight into these eruptions and attempts to unravel the timing and style of explosive and effusive episodes that took place. Reconstruction of the recent geological evolution and of the eruptive history allow a more complete description of the eruption dynamics and associated unrest. These include fumarolic behaviour, explosion intensity, direction and volume of the lava flows, eruption duration, vent morphological changes (such as craters, domes, and horseshoe ramparts), textural characteristics and lava morphologies, as well as surface fracturing. Specific features related to first-hand accounts of the eruptions and associated products, in conjunction with our in situ post-eruptive geological study, allow an improved reconstruction of activity, both prior to and during the historical eruptions, which contributes to understanding the development of the eruption and enhances the forecast of potential future eruptions from patterns of precursory activity.
An existence and uniqueness result about algebras of Schwartz distributions
Authors: Dias Nuno Costa , Jorge Cristina , Prata João Nuno
Published: November 2023

We prove that there exists essentially one minimal differential algebra of distributions $$\mathcal A$$
A
, satisfying all the properties stated in the Schwartz impossibility result [L. Schwartz, Sur l’impossibilité de la multiplication des distributions, 1954], and such that $$\mathcal C_p^{\infty } \subseteq \mathcal A\subseteq \mathcal D' $$

C
p
∞

⊆
A
⊆

D
′

(where $$\mathcal C_p^{\infty }$$

C
p
∞

is the set of piecewise smooth functions and $$\mathcal D'$$

D
′

is the set of Schwartz distributions over $$\mathbb R$$
R
). This algebra is endowed with a multiplicative product of distributions, which is a generalization of the product defined in [N.C.Dias, J.N.Prata, A multiplicative product of distributions and a class of ordinary differential equations with distributional coefficients, 2009]. If the algebra is not minimal, but satisfies the previous conditions, is closed under anti-differentiation and the dual product by smooth functions, and the distributional product is continuous at zero then it is necessarily an extension of $$\mathcal A$$
A
.
Adaptive learning from outcome contingencies in eating-disorder risk groups
Authors: Pike Alexandra C. , Sharpley Ann L. , Park Rebecca J. , Cowen Philip J. , Browning Michael , Pulcu Erdem
Published: November 2023

Eating disorders are characterised by altered eating patterns alongside overvaluation of body weight or shape, and have relatively low rates of successful treatment and recovery. Notably, cognitive inflexibility has been implicated in both the development and maintenance of eating disorders, and understanding the reasons for this inflexibility might indicate avenues for treatment development. We therefore investigate one potential cause of this inflexibility: an inability to adjust learning when outcome contingencies change. We recruited (n = 82) three groups of participants: those who had recovered from anorexia nervosa (RA), those who had high levels of eating disorder symptoms but no formal diagnosis (EA), and control participants (HC). They performed a reinforcement learning task (alongside eye-tracking) in which the volatility of wins and losses was independently manipulated. We predicted that both the RA and EA groups would adjust their learning rates less than the control participants. Unexpectedly, the RA group showed elevated adjustment of learning rates for both win and loss outcomes compared to control participants. The RA group also showed increased pupil dilation to stable wins and reduced pupil dilation to stable losses. Their learning rate adjustment was associated with the difference between their pupil dilation to volatile vs. stable wins. In conclusion, we find evidence that learning rate adjustment is unexpectedly higher in those who have recovered from anorexia nervosa, indicating that the relationship between eating disorders and cognitive inflexibility may be complex. Given our findings, investigation of noradrenergic agents may be valuable in the field of eating disorders.
Acoustic transmission loss in Hilbert fractal metamaterials
Authors: Comandini Gianni , Ouisse Morvan , Ting Valeska P. , Scarpa Fabrizio
Published: November 2023

Acoustic metamaterials are increasingly being considered as a viable technology for sound insulation. Fractal patterns constitute a potentially groundbreaking architecture for acoustic metamaterials. We describe in this work the behaviour of the transmission loss of Hilbert fractal metamaterials used for sound control purposes. The transmission loss of 3D printed metamaterials with Hilbert fractal patterns related to configurations from the zeroth to the fourth order is investigated here using impedance tube tests and Finite Element models. We evaluate, in particular, the impact of the equivalent porosity and the relative size of the cavity of the fractal pattern versus the overall dimensions of the metamaterial unit. We also provide an analytical formulation that relates the acoustic cavity resonances in the fractal patterns and the frequencies associated with the maxima of the transmission losses, providing opportunities to tune the sound insulation properties through control of the fractal architecture.
Probing the effects of streptomycin on Brassica napus germination and assessing its molecular interactions using extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations
Authors: Patel Rohit , Prajapati Karan , Goswami Dweipayan , Saraf Meenu
Published: November 2023

Antibiotics are chemical compounds that are used to treat and prevent disease in humans and animals. They have been used in animal feed for over 60 years and are widely used in industrial farming. Antibiotics can have negative environmental impacts, including the potential to contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant organisms. They can enter the environment through various pathways, including the manufacturing process, the direct application of antibiotic-laden manure to fields, and through grazing animals. Antibiotics that are given to animals can be excreted from where they can enter soil and groundwater which enable their entry in plants. Streptomycin is an antibiotic that is used against a range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but its use has led to the development of antibiotic resistance in some pathogens. It has also been shown to have negative impacts on a range of plant species, including tobacco, tomato, and wheat. Although, the major effect of streptomycin on plant physiology have been studied, the molecular mechanisms at play are barely understood in plant body. In current study, we examined the impact of streptomycin on germination of Brassica napus and then using docking, MM-GBBSA and MD simulations identified key proteins that interact with streptomycin by performing rigorous computational screening of 106 different proteins. Our finding suggest that streptomycin might be interacting with acyl-CoA oxidases, protochlorophyllide reductase B and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase based on simulation and docking analysis.
Historical navigation routes in European waters leave their footprint on the contemporary seascape genetics of a colonial urochordate
Authors: Reem Eitan , Douek Jacob , Rinkevich Baruch
Published: November 2023

Humans have intensively sailed the Mediterranean and European Atlantic waters throughout history, from the upper Paleolithic until today and centuries of human seafaring have established complex coastal and cross-seas navigation networks. Historical literature revealed three major long-lasting maritime routes (eastern, western, northern) with four commencing locations (Alexandria, Venice, Genoa, Gibraltar) and a fourth route (circum-Italian) that connected between them. Due to oceangoing and technological constraints, most voyages were coastal, lasted weeks to months, with extended resting periods, allowing the development of fouling organisms on ship hulls. One of the abiding travellers in maritime routes is the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri already known since the eighteenth century in European and Mediterranean ports. This species, was almost certainly one of the common hull fouling travellers in all trade routes for centuries. Employing COI haplotypes (1008 samples) and microsatellite alleles (995 samples) on colonies sampled from 64 pan-European sites, present-day Botryllus populations in the Mediterranean Sea/European Atlantic revealed significant segregation between all four maritime routes with a conspicuous partition of the northern route. These results reveal that past anthropogenic transports of sedentary marine species throughout millennia long seafaring have left their footprint on contemporary seascape genetics of marine organisms.
Formulation of lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles of the phytochemical Fisetin and its in vivo assessment against severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Awadeen Randa Hanie , Boughdady Mariza Fouad , Zaghloul Randa A. , Elsaed Wael M. , Abu Hashim Irhan Ibrahim , Meshali Mahasen Mohamed
Published: November 2023

Fisetin (FST) is a naturally occurring flavonol that has recently emerged as a bioactive phytochemical with an impressive array of biological activities. To the author knowledge, boosting the activity of FST against severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) through a nanostructured delivery system (Nanophytomedicine) has not been achieved before. Thereupon, FST-loaded lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (FST-loaded LPHNPs) were prepared through conjoined ultrasonication and double emulsion (w/o/w) techniques. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations were conducted. The optimized nanoparticle formula displayed a high entrapment efficiency % of 61.76 ± 1.254%, high loading capacity % of 32.18 ± 0.734, low particle size of 125.39 ± 0.924 nm, low particle size distribution of 0.357 ± 0.012, high zeta potential of + 30.16 ± 1.416 mV, and high mucoadhesive strength of 35.64 ± 0.548%. In addition, it exhibited a sustained in vitro release pattern of FST. In the in vivo study, oral pre-treatment of FST-loaded LPHNPs protected against l-arginine induced SAP and multiple organ injuries in rats compared to both FST alone and plain LPHNPs, as well as the untreated group, proven by both biochemical studies, that included both amylase and lipase activities, and histochemical studies of pancreas, liver, kidney and lungs. Therefore, the study could conclude the potential efficacy of the novel phytopharmaceutical delivery system of FST as a prophylactic regimen for SAP and consequently, associated multiple organ injuries.