bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elementary properties of free lattices
Authors: Nation J. B. , Paolini Gianluca
Published: May 2024

We start a systematic analysis of the first-order model theory of free lattices.
Firstly, we prove that the free lattices of finite rank are not positively indistinguishable, as there is a positive

∃
∀

{\exists\forall}

-sentence true in

𝐅
3

{\mathbf{F}_{3}}

and false in

𝐅
4

{\mathbf{F}_{4}}

. Secondly, we show that every model of

Th
⁢

(

𝐅
n

)

{\mathrm{Th}(\mathbf{F}_{n})}

admits a canonical homomorphism into the profinite-bounded completion

𝐇
n

{\mathbf{H}_{n}}

of

𝐅
n

{\mathbf{F}_{n}}

. Thirdly, we show that

𝐇
n

{\mathbf{H}_{n}}

is isomorphic to the Dedekind–MacNeille completion of

𝐅
n

{\mathbf{F}_{n}}

, and that

𝐇
n

{\mathbf{H}_{n}}

is not positively elementarily equivalent to

𝐅
n

{\mathbf{F}_{n}}

, as there is a positive

∀
∃

{\forall\exists}

-sentence true in

𝐇
n

{\mathbf{H}_{n}}

and false in

𝐅
n

{\mathbf{F}_{n}}

. Finally, we show that

DM
⁢

(

𝐅
n

)

{\mathrm{DM}(\mathbf{F}_{n})}

is a retract of

Id
⁢

(

𝐅
n

)

{\mathrm{Id}(\mathbf{F}_{n})}

and that for any lattice

𝐊

{\mathbf{K}}

which satisfies Whitman’s condition

(
W
)

{\mathrm{(W)}}

and which is generated by join prime elements, the three lattices

𝐊

{\mathbf{K}}

,

DM
⁢

(
𝐊
)

{\mathrm{DM}(\mathbf{K})}

, and

Id
⁢

(
𝐊
)

{\mathrm{Id}(\mathbf{K})}

all share the same positive universal first-order theory.
Enhancing young EFL learners’ written skills: the role of repeated pre-task planning
Authors: Guerrero-Gomez Janire , Orcasitas-Vicandi María , Kopinska Marta
Published: May 2024

The present study seeks to investigate the effect of repeated pre-task planning on young learners’ written production of three problematic aspects of English grammar (the present simple third-person singular -s; the possessives his/her; and the personal pronouns he/she), and the overall quality of their writings. Thirty-three dyads of Basque-Spanish learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) from the sixth year of the primary education level (aged 11–12) performed a series of picture-prompted narration tasks in three different planning conditions: guided-planning (GP), unguided-planning (UP) and no-planning (NP). Their written production was compared in pre-, post- and delayed post-tests. Results showed statistically significant gains for the GP group, supporting the claim that repeated practice involving pre-task explicit grammar instruction might benefit young EFL learners, even though not all the target forms under analysis improved.
A physics-inspired neural network for short-wave radiation parameterization
Authors: Yavich Nikolay , Vanovskiy Vladimir , Okunev Alexey , Gavrikov Alexander , Grigoryev Timofey , Burnaev Evgeny
Published: May 2024

Radiation parameterization schemes are crucial components of weather and climate models, but they are also known to be computationally intensive. In recent decades, researchers have attempted to emulate these schemes using neural networks, with more attention to convolutional neural networks. However, in this paper, we explore the potential of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for predicting solar heating rates. Our architecture was trained and tested using long-term hindcast data from the Pechora Sea region, with the conventional RRTMG scheme serving as a shortwave parameterization. Our findings show that the RNN offers rapid learning, fast inference, and excellent data fitting. We also present preliminary results demonstrating the use of RNNs for operational weather forecasting, which achieved a significant speedup in parameterization and reduced the overall forecast time by 40 %.
Newborns at risk of COVID-19, the story continues
Authors: Shah Malika D. , Miller Nicholas , Saugstad Ola D.
Published: May 2024

After more than 4 years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a great deal of knowledge on how this virus affects pregnant women, the fetus and the newborn has accumulated. Guidelines for mode of delivery, cord clamping, skin to skin, breastfeeding, and rooming-in have become uniform across the world. Vaccination has considerably improved outcomes, but hesitancy amongst pregnant patients and the emergence of variants remain challenged and SARS-CoV-2 positivity during pregnancy continues to be associated with an increased risk of maternal complications, premature delivery and higher neonatal mortality and morbidity. An emerging body of data now exists on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy on early neonatal outcomes, medical education in obstetrics and pediatrics, and longer-term developmental outcomes. In this article, we review the development in this field since our last review.
Striped hyena Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus 1758): feeding ecology based on den prey remains in a pastoralist landscape, southern Kenya
Authors: Mwebi Ogeto , Ogara William , Adhola Titus , Fourvel Jean-Baptise , Brugal Jean-Philip
Published: May 2024

Very little is known about the range, diet and eco-ethology of the African striped hyena, compared to its sympatric hyena species; the spotted hyena. Here we present the results of bone assemblages collected in eight striped hyena dens located in a pastoralists’ area in and near the Shompole conservancy, southern Kenya. We present the dens taxonomical representation; comparing domestic and wildlife prey and their prey age structure. This is to aid in making inferences on the striped hyena’s prey acquisition, selection and mode of transportation. Ultimately, this is to highlight the species’ interaction with pastoralists and some eco-ethological features of this little known near threatened species. Total wildlife proportions were higher than livestock. However, both wild and domestic ungulates are the major prey of the striped hyena and carnivores constitute a greater proportion of its non-ungulate prey. Striped hyena appears to predate on younger livestock when their dens are located closer to human settlements than those away from human occupied areas. Juveniles and old adults of wild ungulates dominated the striped hyena dens than the prime adults and this was reversed in the case of livestock ungulates.
Genomic characterization and risk stratification of esophageal squamous dysplasia
Authors: Min Qingjie , Zhang Min , Lin Dongmei , Zhang Weimin , Li Xianfeng , Zhao Lianmei , Teng Huajing , He Tao , Sun Wei , Fan Jiawen , Yu Xiying , Chen Jie , Li Jinting , Gao Xiaohan , Dong Bin , Liu Rui , Liu Xuefeng , Song Yongmei , Cui Yongping , Lu Shih-Hsin , Li Ruiqiang , Guo Mingzhou , Wang Yan , Zhan Qimin
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The majority of esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD) patients progress slowly, while a subset of patients can undergo recurrence rapidly or progress to invasive cancer even after proper treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical observations are still largely unknown.

Methods

By sequencing the genomic data of 160 clinical samples from 49 tumor-free ESD patients and 88 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients, we demonstrated lower somatic mutation and copy number alteration (CNA) burden in ESD compared with ESCC.

Results

Cross-species screening and functional assays identified ACSM5 as a novel driver gene for ESD progression. Furthermore, we revealed that miR-4292 promoted ESD progression and could serve as a non-invasive diagnostic marker for ESD.

Conclusions

These findings largely expanded our understanding of ESD genetics and tumorigenesis, which possessed promising significance for improving early diagnosis, reducing overtreatment, and identifying high-risk ESD patients.
Optimizing the performance of TPCB/SCA composite-modified asphalt using improved response surface methodology
Authors: Li Chuangmin , Yi Shuaibing , Deng Qinhao , Gan Youwei , Hu Zhangyong
Published: May 2024

A composite-modified asphalt was developed by incorporating tire pyrolytic carbon black (TPCB) with a silane coupling agent (SCA) to enhance its ductility and storage stability. The functional binding between asphalt and TPCB was improved by the addition of SCA. The gray correlation comprehensive evaluation method is incorporated into the response surface methodology (RSM), leading to an improved RSM. The improved RSM was employed to optimize the content of the modifier and the preparation process to enhance overall performance. A central composite design-based experiment was conducted to optimize the penetration, softening point, 10°C ductility, Brookfield rotational viscosity, and storage stability indicators of modified asphalt. The response surface of the gray comprehensive evaluation value of the evaluation indicators was calculated using the gray correlation analysis method, and a second-order regression model was established between independent variables such as TPCB, SCA content, and shear time factor and the gray comprehensive evaluation value. This model analyzed the impact of a single variable and variable interaction on the performance of the TPCB/SCA composite-modified asphalt. The optimized model results showed that the preparation parameters that optimize the expected comprehensive performance of the composite-modified asphalt are 9.2% TPCB content, 2.1% SCA content, and a shear time of 56.3 min. Finally, the TPCB/SCA composite-modified asphalt prepared with the improved RSM exhibited the highest gray comprehensive evaluation value and the best overall performance, indicating the feasibility of the optimized preparation parameters with the improved RSM.
Is Intending to Have Children Rightist? A Research Note on Political Ideology and Fertility Intentions
Authors: Arpino Bruno , Mogi Ryohei
Published: May 2024

Social scientists have long been interested in how attitudes and values influence fertility intentions and behaviors. The role of political ideology has, on the contrary, been overlooked. Right-wing people tend to be more religious, to hold more traditional views on gender roles and on the importance of the family. Therefore, right-wing people may be more likely to hold positive fertility intentions that individuals with other political orientations. In addition, political ideology may have an effect on fertility intention independent of other attitudes. Using two rounds of the European Social Survey, we show that people that position at the extreme right of the political ideology scale are more likely to intend to have a child during the three years following the interview. This association holds even after accounting for several socio-demographic and economic factors, values and attitudes. Heterogeneity tests show that the association is restricted to younger individuals (aged 20–34), with higher levels of education (at least upper secondary), and individuals in Eastern Europe. In Southern Europe right-wing individuals show significantly higher predicted probabilities of a positive fertility intention compared people that locate themselves in the political center. The statistically significant associations are also sizeable (differences in terms of predicted probabilities vary between 4 and 9 percentage points). These results point to the importance of considering a neglected factor in fertility research and contribute to the growing field of Political Demography.
Obesity Alters POMC and Kisspeptin Neuron Cross Talk Leading to Reduced Luteinizing Hormone in Male Mice
Authors: Villa Pedro A. , Ruggiero-Ruff Rebecca E. , Jamieson Bradley B. , Campbell Rebecca E. , Coss Djurdjica
Published: May 2024

Obesity is associated with hypogonadism in males, characterized by low testosterone and sperm number. Previous studies determined that these stem from dysregulation of hypothalamic circuitry that regulates reproduction, by unknown mechanisms. Herein, we used mice fed chronic high-fat diet, which mimics human obesity, to determine mechanisms of impairment at the level of the hypothalamus, in particular gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons that regulate luteinizing hormone (LH), which then regulates testosterone. Consistent with obese humans, we demonstrated lower LH, and lower pulse frequency of LH secretion, but unchanged pituitary responsiveness to GnRH. LH pulse frequency is regulated by pulsatile GnRH secretion, which is controlled by kisspeptin. Peripheral and central kisspeptin injections, and DREADD-mediated activation of kisspeptin neurons, demonstrated that kisspeptin neurons were suppressed in obese mice. Thus, we investigated regulators of kisspeptin secretion. We determined that the LH response to NMDA was lower in obese mice, corresponding to fewer glutamate receptors in kisspeptin neurons, which may be critical for kisspeptin synchronization. Given that kisspeptin neurons also interact with anorexigenic POMC neurons, which are affected by obesity, we examined their cross talk, and determined that the LH response to either DREADD-mediated activation of POMC neurons or central injection of αMSH, a product of POMC, is abolished in obese mice. This was accompanied by diminished levels of αMSH receptor, MC4R, in kisspeptin neurons. Together, our studies determined that obesity leads to the downregulation of receptors that regulate kisspeptin neurons, which is associated with lower LH pulse frequency, leading to lower LH and hypogonadism.
Selective Enhancement of REM Sleep in Male Rats through Activation of Melatonin MT1Receptors Located in the Locus Ceruleus Norepinephrine Neurons
Authors: López-Canul Martha , He Qianzi , Sasson Tania , Ettaoussi Mohamed , Gregorio Danilo De , Ochoa-Sanchez Rafael , Catoire Helene , Posa Luca , Rouleau Guy , Beaulieu Jean Martin , Comai Stefano , Gobbi Gabriella
Published: May 2024

Sleep disorders affect millions of people around the world and have a high comorbidity with psychiatric disorders. While current hypnotics mostly increase non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS), drugs acting selectively on enhancing rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) are lacking. This polysomnographic study in male rats showed that the first-in-class selective melatonin MT1receptor partial agonist UCM871 increases the duration of REMS without affecting that of NREMS. The REMS-promoting effects of UCM871 occurred by inhibiting, in a dose–response manner, the firing activity of the locus ceruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) neurons, which express MT1receptors. The increase of REMS duration and the inhibition of LC-NE neuronal activity by UCM871 were abolished by MT1pharmacological antagonism and by an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector, which selectively knocked down MT1receptors in the LC-NE neurons. In conclusion, MT1receptor agonism inhibits LC-NE neurons and triggers REMS, thus representing a novel mechanism and target for REMS disorders and/or psychiatric disorders associated with REMS impairments.
A patient diagnosed with new-onset type 1 diabetes and Addison’s disease at initial presentation
Authors: Towslee Emma , Macdonald Adrienne , Shoar Zohreh
Published: May 2024

A previously healthy 17-year-old female presented to the emergency department with complaints of vomiting, shortness of breath, and tachycardia. She was found to have an elevated blood glucose and was admitted for presumed new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). During the admission, she was noted to have frequent episodes of hypoglycemia despite conservative insulin dosing and high urine output with glucosuria, which seemed out of proportion to her glucose levels and fluid status. She also had persistent hyponatremia despite normalization of blood glucose. Further work-up was initiated to investigate alternative or additional diagnoses to explain these atypical findings. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level was elevated, consistent with the diagnosis of Addison’s disease, which led to the subsequent diagnosis of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II (APS-2). This is one of the first reports in the literature of concurrent diagnosis of T1DM and Addison’s disease at initial presentation and demonstrates the importance of not anchoring to one diagnosis.

Learning points

This case shows the importance of considering multiple diagnoses and investigating atypical signs and symptoms.

This case highlights the importance of a thorough history including review of systems.

Hyponatremia and recurrent hypoglycemia in a person with type 1 diabetes should raise suspicion for adrenal insufficiency.

This case makes us consider the screening for Addison’s disease in a person with new onset type 1 diabetes in addition to autoimmune thyroid disease and celiac disease.

People with an autoimmune disease should be monitored for other autoimmune diseases in the future.
Actitudes lingüísticas de guanacastecos hacia la variedad lingüística del español del Valle Central
Authors: Sancho Ugalde María , Fallas Monge Johnny
Published: May 2024

In this research paper, a study based on linguistic behaviors present in Guanacaste speakers has been performed. The study addresses the linguistic varieties of Spanish in the Central Valle of a student sample from the National University of Costa Rica.The main objective is to analyze the linguistic behaviors of a group of Guanacaste speakers towards the linguistic varieties of Spanish within Central Valle. To accomplish this objective, a five-level Likert scale questionnaire is being proposed as the instrument to collect data on linguistic behaviors from Spanish from Central Valle. Moreover, in the same questionnaire, there have been included three open questions. This qualitative approach is being used to collect valuable information to complement the statistical data. Subsequently, the information obtained from the questionnaires is analyzed using statistical tools such as comparative charts and graphs. The objective would be to determine the linguistic behaviors of Guanacaste students from Chorotega and Omar Dengo’s National University sites. Regarding the results, the majority of the students interviewed (migrated and non-migrated) are aware of the linguistic differences between Guanacaste and Vallecentraleños speakers, linguistic prejudices still persist in the popular belief of some Costa Rican speakers; and finally, related with the linguistic variety under study, the Spanish from the Central Valley, there co-occur accommodation processes or linguistic adaptations, linguistic insecurity, linguistic change (manifested with the phenomenon of migration), attitudes of loyalty and linguistic identity reinforced with attitudes of greater awareness and acceptance of the linguistic and cultural diversity of Costa Rica. It may be concluded that in regard to the perception of the interviewed speakers, the historical division between the varieties of Spanish from Guanacaste and the Central Valley has been kept. However, the study of such linguistic varieties shows a leveling and progressive approach of both linguistic varieties, it is especially notable in those students who have lived abroad. The present study has five sections: the introduction; the theoretical frame; the methodological framework; the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the linguistic behaviors within the areas of the present study (Guanacaste and Central Valley) and finally, conclusions.
Propuesta de Estrategia para la vinculación y seguimiento de las personas graduadas de los planes de estudio de la Escuela de Bibliotecología, Documentación e Información de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (2022-2026)
Authors: Montero Bustabad Pedro
Published: May 2024

For the present investigation, a compilation and organization of information sources was carried out that dealt with the issue of linking and monitoring the graduates of the different study programs of the career of the School of Library Science, Documentation and Information (EBDI) of the National University of Costa Rica. The selected contents of the sources consulted were analyzed, identifying the current need to create a strategy that would guide and coordinate all the new initiatives to strengthen the link and facilitate the follow-up of these professionals with the EBDI, taking into account the topics of interest identified for updating, and continuous training.
This proposal has the objective of strengthening the link, monitoring and communication between both parties considered through a strategy for the period 2022-2026 that would facilitate updated knowledge of labor market conditions, the management of alliances and the interests of updating and education. permanent considering the experience and learning achieved by graduates. This academic exercise was carried out with a mixed approach in which different techniques and sources of qualitative and quantitative information were used, facilitating the obtaining of results such as: a description of the context and identification of the updating needs of the people graduates, the identification of the context and needs of both the graduates and the EBDI in maintaining constant links and communication with each other and a strategy proposal for linking and monitoring these professionals with the EBDI.
Joint tuberculosis: a diagnosis that should be kept in mind
Authors: Zúñiga Rodolfo Campos , Juan Pablo Muñoz Murillo
Published: May 2024

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease of high prevalence in developing countries. Factors such as underestimation of the disease and difficulty in diagnosis have generated delay in the diagnosis and with it significant morbidity and mortality. With regard to the joint location, most of them are born and immigrated from endemic areas and also with immune compromise. Its usual presentation is a monoartritis of large joints and the most frequent locations with spine, hip and knee. Radiological findings may suggest the picture, however, the diagnosis is made by identifying the germ. We present the case of a 29-year-old patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who underwent immunosuppressive treatment, who presented with a chronic condition of joint pain in the right hip and progressive functional limitation who, after several studies, documented a tuberculous arthritis. The patient receives antitubercular agents and is followed up by external consultation.
Life-long learning and evolving associative memories in brain-inspired spiking neural networks
Authors: K Kasabov Nikola
Published: May 2024

The paper argues that evolving associative memories (EAM), that are manifested in all biological systems and realised in the human brain through life-long learning (LLL), can be realised in brain-inspired computational architectures based on spiking neural networks (SNN). The paper points to the importance of the duality of the concepts of EAM and LLL for future AI systems.
Insulating materials for the construction of houses with natural fibers of Yucca spp., Agave lechuguilla and Super absorbent synthetic fibers
Authors: Rechy von Roth Dr. Maria dlA , von Roth Dr. Walter
Published: May 2024

The building physics aspects for thermal insulation in building construction are presented in brief. Different demands are placed on the thermal insulation material. In addition to the thermal insulation capacity, the price and the regional availability are important. From this perspective the use of fiber plants occurring in the semi-desert (semi-arid) zones of Mexico and an industrial waste material is being investigated.
Theoretical and experimental study of the dynamic and vibratory behavior of gears
Authors: Benbouaza Abdelkader , Regad Youssef , Azzaoui Hanae , Elrhanimi Samah
Published: May 2024

This study is devoted to condition-based maintenance using vibration analysis. It proposes a numerical and experimental methodology to assist in the detection and vibratory monitoring of chipping faults on gear teeth.

The aim of this work is to model the dynamic behavior of the gear link and to treat the vibration behavior of gear flaws theoretically and experimentally. This article is going to study the case of a breast gear, a defect located on the wheel, another defect on the pinion and the wheel and the insufficient center distance defect based on experiments carried out on a test bench manufactured in the laboratory.
La religiosidad católica latinoamericana expresada en cómic o historieta
Authors: Díaz-Patiño Gabriela
Published: May 2024

El propósito de este trabajo es observar y analizar la forma en que a mediados del siglo XX fue representada bajo el formato de cómics o historietas una parte de la religiosidad católica latinoamericana. Por medio de la identificación, lectura y análisis de los números de las historietas Vidas Ejemplares y Patronos y Santuarios, que realizaron en conjunto las editoriales Buena Prensa y los talleres Editores-Impresores Novaro en torno a diversas personalidades –religiosas y seglares–, a vírgenes y lugares santos de América Latina, se quiere explicitar las razones para la producción de un proyecto de esas características religiosas y que tuvo una distribución en varios países latinoamericanos. En ese sentido se quiere mostrar que más que significar una apuesta comercial detrás del producto, la cual sin duda existió, había además una razón ideológica para la reafirmación de la catolicidad latinoamericana entre miembros de la Compañía de Jesús en México y el director de la editorial más exitosa en la producción de cómics o historietas en América Latina: los talleres Editores-Impresores Novaro.
José Andrés-Gallego, La Doctrina Social de la Iglesia, Sekotia, Córdoba 2023, 314 pp.
Authors: González-Enciso Agustín
Published: May 2024

Book Review
Henar Pizarro (dir.), José García de Castro SJ, Macarena Moralejo, Wenceslao Soto, SJ (eds.), Jesuitas: Impacto cultural en la Monarquía hispana (1540-1767), Mensajero / Sal Terrae / Universidad Pontifica Comillas (Col. Manresa, 83 y 84),Bilbao / Madrid 2022, 2 vols., 683 + 798 pp.
Authors: Escobedo-Romero Rafael
Published: May 2024

Book Review
Alexandra Chavarría Arnau, Arqueología de las primeras iglesias del Mediterráneo (siglos IV-X), Nuevo Inicio, Granada 2021, 326 pp.
Authors: Garza-Algaba Gabriel
Published: May 2024

Book Review
Juan Antonio Prieto Sayagués, Entre la benefactoría y el servicio. Los vínculos del poder laico con los monasterios y sus comunidades en la Castilla Bajomedieval, Salamanca, Ediciones de la Universidad de Salamanca 2023, 268 pp.
Authors: Diago-Hernando Máximo
Published: May 2024

Book Review
José Luis Gutiérrez García, Recordando a Ángel Herrera Oria, ACdP, CEU Ediciones, Madrid 2021, 298 pp. / José Luis Gutiérrez García, Ángel Herrera Oria: Biografía interior, ACdP, CEU Ediciones, Madrid 2021, 124 pp. / José Luis Gutiérrez García, Ángel Herrera Oria, Maestro de Espíritu, ACdP, CEU Ediciones, Madrid 2022, 330 pp.
Authors: Crovetto Fernando
Published: May 2024

Book Review
Grant Kaplan, Kevin M. Vander Schel (eds.), Oxford History of Modern German Theology, vol. 1: 1781-1848, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2023, 809 pp.
Authors: Morariu Iuliu-Marius
Published: May 2024

Book Review
Santiago Martínez Sánchez, Fernando Crovetto, Gentes, escenarios y estrategias. El Opus Dei durante el pontificado de Pío XII, 1939-1958, Aranzadi, Cizur Menor 2023, 263 pp.
Authors: Gallardo Milagros
Published: May 2024

Book Review
Dino León Fernández, La conquista espiritual en la doctrina de Yauyos. Siglos XVI y XVII, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima 2021, 694 pp.
Authors: Sánchez-Raygada Carlos
Published: May 2024

Book Review
Prevalence of dysmagnesemia among CKD patients in North India
Authors: Prisi Shailata , Nandi Kajal , Jamatia Elvia , Kumar Biswas Biplob , Khurana Vatsala , Goswami Binita
Published: May 2024

Magnesium is the second-most common intracellular cation after calcium with 99% of total body magnesium distributed intracellularly in bones, muscles, and soft tissues. Only 1% of total body magnesium is present extracellularly that contributes to the normal serum magnesium concentration of 1.8–2.6 mg/dL. Recently, many studies have focused on the role of magnesium homeostasis and human health. Diabetes and hypertension are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the significance of magnesium in CKD has been astonishing in medical practice. In this study, we investigated the serum levels of magnesium and its prevalence at different stages of CKD. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted over a period of 2 months. Serum magnesium levels were analysed in 224 patients with CKD and were grouped into five stages of CKD according to the guidelines of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) based on glomerular filtration rate. Laboratory data of patients was analysed using the IBM SPSS V23 software (Chicago, USA) for statistical relationship between serum magnesium levels and stages of CKD in patients with CKD. Mean serum magnesium level of the study population was 2.21 ± 0.75 mg/dL; 50.9% of the patients were normomagnesemic (normal level of magnesium ions in the blood), followed by 30.4% hypomagnesemic and 20.5%, hypermagnesemic. CKD was more common in males (63.4%), compared to females (36.6%). Mean age of patients in G5 stage was significantly higher than in G3a, G3b, and G4 stages (P = 0.001). A progressive decline in renal function and retention of uraemic solutes was observed with progression of CKD. Multiple factors, both inherited or acquired, such as diuretics and alcohol, are implicated in controlling serum magnesium levels. Magnesium deficiency leads to 2.12-fold higher risk of progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Criminal Law and its Victim-Oriented Development: an Academic Inquiry
Authors:   University of Castilla La-Mancha, Tuliakov Viacheslav
Published: May 2024

In the 21st century, one of the essential roles of the Criminal Code is to protect the rights and interests of crime victims. Criminal law is a complex field that must balance established principles with evolving societal dynamics. This involves various stakeholders, including the state, perpetrators, victims, and civil society, each with differing views on criminal law. The modern era, marked by post-truth narratives and a reputational society, has further complicated matters. Casuistry now prevails over systematic approaches, leading to a disconnect between criminal law’s foundational principles and intended societal outcomes. Contemporary criminal law operates on multiple dimensions, addressing individual, societal, and institutional levels while aiming to balance the interests of these entities. The transition from the “age of information” to the “age of reputation” underscores the importance of information subjected to external evaluation. In the context of harmonizing Ukrainian criminal legislation with EU and Council of Europe norms, it is vital to protect human rights. This aligns with a Committee of Ministers recommendation that recognizes crime as a wrong against society and a violation of individual rights, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding victim rights. Approaching criminal law from a victimological perspective offers unique insights into victim participation in criminal liability, crime qualification, and offender culpability. This perspective encourages assessing the efficacy of criminal law prohibitions and promoting victim engagement in crime control.
Dispersive surface free energy of adsorbents modified by supramolecular structures of heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Guskov Vladimir Yu. , Gainullina Yulia Yu. , Gabdulmanova Alina F. , Gareeva Albina N.
Published: May 2024

In the present work, the dispersive surface free energy was calculated by Dorris-Gray method for 30 samples of adsorbents modified with chiral supramolecular structures of uracil, 6-methyluracil, 5-hydroxy-6-methyluracil, 5-fluorouracil, thymine, melamine, cyanuric and barbirutic acids, and perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride. It was shown that the homologous series of n-alkanes is better suited for measuring dispersive surface free energy than the homologous series of alcohols. It was established that the classical Dorris-Gray method does not allow obtaining well interpretable data for the objects studied. This is due to a noticeable effect that inductive interactions of a polar surface as an inductor with nonpolar alkane molecules have on the calculated values. We suggested to modify the Dorris-Gray method, making it possible to obtain data on the dispersive component of the free energy of adsorption. It was shown that the changes in dispersive surface free energy as a result of the modification correlate well with data on the structure and properties of supramolecular ensembles of the modifiers used. The results obtained can be used to predict the enantioselectivity of chiral adsorbents.
Kohti kestävää kulttuuria
Authors: Pyykkönen Miikka , Kortekallio Kaisa , Kumpulainen Kaisa , Luonila Mervi , Sokka Sakarias
Published: May 2024

Julkaisun 10 suositusta on kohdistettu kulttuurin, koulutuksen ja kasvatuksen parissa toimiville ammattilaisille ja kansalaisaktivisteille. Suositukset ohjaavat kulttuurisen pohjan vahvistamiseen yhteiskunnan
kestävyysmurroksessa. Tutkimukseen perustuvien suositusten lähtökohtana on niin sanottu vahva kestävyyskäsitys: kulttuurista kestävyysmurrosta toteuttavan politiikan tulee olla ekologisesti kestävällä pohjalla.
Culturización del fuego para construir, habitar y cuidar: reflexiones para abordar el manejo intercultural del fuego
Authors: Ponce-Calderón Laura-Patricia , Ruíz-Utrilla Gerardo-Arturo , Ramírez-Loaiza Viviana , Neger Christoph
Published: May 2024

En el contexto del cambio climático e incendios forestales, la falta del enfoque intercultural en las políticas de manejo del fuego, que integre los conocimientos culturales de los pueblos, ha tenido consecuencias negativas, y representa una amenaza para la preservación de estos saberes dentro de las comunidades. El objetivo del artículo es comprender la relación entre la cultura y el fuego como una posibilidad para el manejo integral de este elemento. Para ello, se abordan los desafíos del trabajo comunitario en clave de un habitar, construir y cuidar heideggeriano. La fenomenología desde Heidegger es nuestra guía metodológica. El trasegar comprensivo nos conduce a la conclusión que el término cultura tiene que ver con la experiencia de construir y habitar heideggeriano, en la medida que sea vista desde el cuidado y protección, tal como construcción comunal. Así, cuestionamos el paradigma colonial fiscalizador de las políticas prohibicionistas sobre el uso del fuego en las comunidades. Este artículo busca fomentar prácticas gubernamentales que integren la cultura desde su profundidad conceptual en programas institucionales participativos para el diseño de políticas de manejo del fuego, adoptando un enfoque intercultural. Así, lograremos reconocer territorios pirobioculturales como centros de conocimiento en los que se habita y mora desde el cuidado bajo los lentes de la memoria de los pueblos.
Factores subjetivos y materiales que condicionan la presencia de criaderos de mosquitos en residuos domiciliarios en Asunción, Paraguay
Authors: Lima-Pereira Patricia
Published: May 2024

Dentro de los hogares, los residuos sólidos voluminosos constituyen el tipo de criadero más frecuente del mosquito transmisor del dengue. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y describir la relación entre factores materiales y subjetivos, a través de un marco teórico socioecológico de prevención de la salud. Se realiza un estudio transversal descriptivo, mediante una muestra aleatoria simple de 350 hogares en Asunción, Paraguay. Para comparar los hogares, según la presencia o no de criaderos de gran tamaño, se usa la prueba de chi cuadrado, en el caso de variables categóricas, el test estadístico no paramétrico Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon, el test estadístico robusto T de Yuen y un análisis multivariado de regresión logística, para el cálculo del Odd Ratio (OR). El estudio concluye que se deben trascender los enfoques individualistas en la prevención del dengue y aumentar las capacidades de gestión en los hogares. Abordalas barreras del entorno y las creencias sociales, dado que el factor que explica con mayor fuerza estadística la existencia de objetos en desuso dentro de los hogares es la creencia de considerarlos de utilidad en el futuro. En el análisis multivariado, la percepción de utilidad del potencial criadero fue la variable que más explicaba la conducta. La otra variable significativa fue la baja cobertura de recolección de residuos.
SPINK4 modulates inhibition of glycolysis against colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Yang Xiaodi , Jiang Sen , Yuan Zhen , Jiang Jun , Yang Mengxuan , Luo Jing , Ye Tao
Published: May 2024

Dysregulation of glycolysis is frequently linked to aggressive tumor activity in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 4 (SPINK4) has been linked to CRC, its exact linkage to glycolytic processes and gene expression remains unclear. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from two CRC-related datasets (GSE32323 and GSE141174), followed by expression and prognostic analysis of SPINK4. In vitro techniques such as flow cytometry, western blotting, transwell assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to assess SPINK4 expression in CRC cells. Its effects on apoptosis, glycolysis, and the cell cycle were also investigated. Finally, the impact of SPINK4 overexpression on tumor development was assessed using a xenograft model, while histological and immunohistochemical analyses characterized SPINK4 expression patterns in CRC tissues. SPINK4 expression was downregulated in CRC, correlating with poor patient prognosis. In vitro assays confirmed that overexpression of SPINK4 reduced CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while its knockdown promoted these processes and caused G1 arrest. SPINK4 also regulated apoptosis by altering caspase activation and Bcl-2 expression. Besides, SPINK4 overexpression altered glycolytic activity, reduced 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) absorption, and controlled critical glycolytic enzymes, resulting in alterations in metabolic pathways, whereas SPINK4 knockdown reversed this effect. SPINK4 overexpression significantly reduced tumor volume in vivo, indicating its inhibitory role in carcinogenesis. Moreover, high expression of SPINK4, hexokinase 2 (HK2), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) was observed in CRC tissues. As a key inhibitor of glycolytic metabolism in CRC, SPINK4 promises metabolic intervention in CRC therapy due to its impact on tumor growth and cell proliferation.
Barreras y facilitadores en la inclusión digital de personas con discapacidad visual en la educación primaria en Uruguay: un estudio cualitativo con docentes
Authors: Viera Gómez Andrea , Cabrera Paola Silva , Duque Forero Gina , Pampin Gerard Ana Clara , Stanisich Svirsky Tatiana , Bailón Goday Martina
Published: May 2024

Este estudio cualitativo explora las percepciones de docentes de educación primaria respecto al acceso y uso de los recursos de Ceibal por estudiantes con discapacidad visual. La justificación radica en la necesidad de superar barreras y potenciar facilitadores en la implementación de tecnologías educativas inclusivas.
El objetivo del estudio fue explorar, describir y comprender las percepciones de los docentes sobre el acceso y uso de los recursos de Ceibal en la educación primaria para estudiantes con discapacidad visual.
Desde un enfoque fenomenológico empírico, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas con 13 docentes con experiencia directa en la enseñanza a personas con discapacidad visual.
Dentro de los resultados se destacan barreras significativas, especialmente la dificultad en el uso del lector de pantalla NVDA en la plataforma CREA. Los docentes mencionaron estrategias de superación, como la utilización de otras plataformas. Se identificaron facilitadores, incluyendo estrategias específicas y la importancia de la cooperación.
El estudio concluye sobre la necesidad de mejorar la accesibilidad y la formación en el uso de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación para asegurar una educación inclusiva. Contribuye a la comprensión de desafíos y oportunidades en la enseñanza a estudiantes con discapacidad visual, ofreciendo recomendaciones clave para la implementación de recursos tecnológicos en el contexto educativo uruguayo.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFα) receptor type 1 (TNFR1) activation during severe inflammation; Can it be a therapeutic target in hypervolemic hyponatremia?
Authors: Dewan SA Majid
Published: May 2024

Hyponatremia is a life-threatening situation in severe inflammatory disorders. Managing this disorder is seriously hampered because its underlying pathophysiology has remained elusive. An increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) during systemic inflammation may be involved in this hyponatremic mechanism as it is known that circulating TNFα exerts potent natriuresis via its action on receptor type 1 (TNFR1). Systemic inflammation also induces non-osmotic release of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), commonly known as ‘Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH’ (SIADH), that would cause water retention to increase in Extracellular Fluid Volume (ECV). Thus, the inflammation-induced TNFR1 activation and sodium loss coupled with SIADH-induced increases in ECV, would lead to the serious condition of hypervolemic hyponatremia. In this brief review, some experimental evidence will be provided that indicates TNFR1 activation during the inflammatory process can be targeted therapeutically to prevent such critical conditions of hypervolemic hyponatremia. The importance of these co-morbidities also extends to several other clinical scenarios of hyponatremia observed in patients with heart failure, liver disease, and renal disease. Besides the pathophysiological insights, the recognition of the propensity for both antidiuresis and natriuresis during inflammation is critically important in selecting the appropriate intravenous fluid regimens in patients with this disorder such as in the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19).
Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Endothelial-like cells in Spheroidal Culture v2
Authors: Li Simeng
Published: May 2024

In this protocol, an easy and cost-friendly method to form mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) spheroids was specified. The MSC spheroids would form in 1-3 days and are suitable for endothelial differentiation. Accutase treatment can be used to disassociate the spheroids into single cells, for further analysis. Multiple growth factors were used to differentiate MSC Spheroids into endothelial-like spheroids, which express endothelial markers such as von willebrand factors (vWF) and CD31 detected by immunofluorescence.
Quantification of IHC Using an Inverted Confocal Microscope and NIS-Elements Program-Killinger Lab 2024 v1
Authors: Choi Solji
Published: May 2024

Protocol to quantify DAB stained sections using NIS-Elements.
NanoString GeoMx DSP TMA-TNP Phase 4 WTA assay v1
Authors: Lee Jinho , Zangirolani Gabriel , Chin Koei , S Feiler Heidi , Corless Christopher
Published: May 2024

This protocol outlines the NanoString GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler Whole Transcriptome Atlas (DSP WTA) assay that was applied in the Human Tumor Atlas Network (HTAN) Tissue MicroArrary (TMA) -TransNetwork Project (TNP). The TMA-TNP evaluates various characterization and analytics methodologies on a large array of breast tumor samples representing a broad spectrum of disease state and subtype. A commercially available anonymized breast tumor TMA was purchased and serial sections were distributed. Participating HTAN Centers characterized the FFPE specimens using various imaging platforms and generated a spatially resolved cell type/state census using each center’s method of choice. Data was recorded in a common repository to enable joint analysis. The protocol that immediately precedes this one for TMA-TNP Phase 4 can be found at: dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.ewov1o7wolr2/v1. It describes FFPE block serial sectioning, slide processing and TMA sample distribution. Two compartments (Tumor and Stroma) in each TMA core were analyzed to determine cell-to-cell interactions in the tissues.
Organoid Immunohistochemistry on Ventana Benchmark XT v1
Authors: Parfitt gustavo.parfitt , not provided kristen.whitney
Published: May 2024

Organoid Immunohistochemistry on Ventana Benchmark XT
The combination of electrotherapy with pelvic floor muscle training in the treatment of a patient with postcovid erectile dysfunction. Clinical case
Authors: Al-Zamil Mustafa Kh. , Zalozhnev Denis M. , Kulikova Natalya G. , Vasilieva Ekaterina S.
Published: May 2024

Demyelinating inflammation of the pudendal nerve associated with COVID-19 has been clinically identified in many cases and has been proven in animal experiments. Many authors associate the development of erectile dysfunction after suffering COVID-19 with endothelial disorders in the urethra and other endocrine and psychological disorders.
In clinical practice, after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have identified many cases of erectile dysfunction with confirmed neurophysiological and clinical disorders of the pudendal nerve. Despite active medical treatment, not all patients improve. In this regard, we decided to demonstrate this clinical case. The patient underwent a course of pelvic floor muscle training and transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation after the lack of effect of pharmacotherapy.
The diagnosis of erectile dysfunction against the background of damage to the pudendal nerve as a result of a history of COVID-19 was established on the basis of the patient’s complaints, anamnesis, clinical picture, biochemical, neuroimaging and neurophysiological methods of research. Before treatment, the pain syndrome was 7/10 points, the strength of the pelvic floor muscles was 2/5 points, the erectile function according to the erectile function index was 8/30 points and the quality of life as a result of erectile dysfunction was 46/60 points. The use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of the pudendal nerve in combination with training of the pelvic floor muscles proved to be very effective in the treatment of patients with severe pudendal neuralgia accompanied by severe erectile dysfunction, weakness of the pelvic floor muscles and impaired urination. Against the background of debilitation, the pain syndrome regressed by 78%, erectile dysfunction decreased by 2 times, the quality of life improved by 82.6% and the strength of the pelvic floor muscles increased by 75% and urination disorders completely regressed.