bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing Outdoor Air Pollutants through a Moss-Based Biotechnological Purification Filter in Kazakhstan
Authors: Biloshchytskyi Andrii , Kuchanskyi Oleksandr , Andrashko Yurii , Yedilkhan Didar , Neftissov Alexandr , Biloshchytska Svitlana , Amirgaliyev Beibut , Vatskel Vladimir
Published: October 2023

This study considers the creation of a network of moss-based biotechnological purification filters under the Smart City concept. The extent of the absorption of heavy metals and gases by Sphagnopsida moss under different conditions was investigated. The efficiency of air purification with biotechnological filters was also investigated in the city of Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, where an excess of the permissible concentration of harmful substances in the air, according to the WHO air quality guidelines, is recorded throughout the year. Data on the level of pollution recorded with sensors located in the largest Kazakhstani cities from 21 June 2020 to 4 June 2023 were selected as the basis for calculating purification efficiency. In total, there are 220 in 73 settlements of the Republic of Kazakhstan, with 80 such sensors located in the city of Almaty. Since creating a single biotechnological filter is expensive, our task was to calculate the air purification effect in the case of increasing the number of filters placed in polluted areas. We show that 10 filters provide an air purification efficiency of 0.77%, with 100 filters providing an air purification efficiency of 5.72% and 500 filters providing an air purification efficiency of 23.11%. A biotechnological filter for air purification based on moss was designed at Astana IT University by taking into consideration the climatic features, distribution, and types of pollution in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The obtained results are essential for ensuring compliance with the standard for environmental comfort in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Additionally, the research findings and the experience of implementing a moss-based biotechnological filter can be applied to designing similar air purification systems in other cities. This is of great importance for the advancement of the field of urban science.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Hypovirus from the Phytopathogenic Fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea
Authors: Wen Yongqi , Qu Jinyue , Zhang Honglin , Yang Yi , Huang Rui , Deng Jili , Zhang Jiayu , Xiao Yanping , Li Jiali , Zhang Meixin , Wang Guoping , Zhai Lifeng
Published: October 2023

Many mycoviruses have been accurately and successfully identified in plant pathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea. This study discovered three mycoviruses from a B. dothidea strain SXD111 using high-throughput sequencing technology. A novel hypovirus was tentatively named Botryosphaeria dothidea hypovirus 1 (BdHV1/SXD111). The other two were known viruses, which we named Botryosphaeria dothidea polymycovirus 1 strain SXD111 (BdPmV1/SXD111) and Botryosphaeria dothidea partitivirus 1 strain SXD111 (BdPV1/SXD111). The genome of BdHV1/SXD111 is 11,128 nucleotides long, excluding the poly (A) tail. A papain-like cysteine protease (Pro), a UDP-glucose/sterol glucosyltransferase (UGT), an RNA-dependent RNA polyprotein (RdRp), and a helicase (Hel) were detected in the polyprotein of BdHV1/SXD111. Phylogenetic analysis showed that BdHV1/SXD111 was clustered with betahypovirus and separated from members of the other genera in the family Hypoviridae. The BdPmV1/SXD111 genome comprised five dsRNA segments with 2396, 2232, 1967, 1131, and 1060 bp lengths. Additionally, BdPV1/SXD111 harbored three dsRNA segments with 1823, 1623, and 557 bp lengths. Furthermore, the smallest dsRNA was a novel satellite component of BdPV1/SXD111. BdHV1/SXD111 could be transmitted through conidia and hyphae contact, whereas it likely has no apparent impact on the morphologies and virulence of the host fungus. Thus, this study is the first report of a betahypovirus isolated from the fungus B. dothidea. Importantly, our results significantly enhance the diversity of the B. dothidea viruses.
Special Issue: “Innate Immunity to Virus Infection, 1st Edition”
Authors: Wang Congcong , Ma Feng , Sun Caijun
Published: October 2023

Frequent outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging pathogenic viruses have become one of the major challenges for global public health [...]
Genomic Analysis of Two Cold-Active Pseudoalteromonas Phages Isolated from the Continental Shelf in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Hwang Chung Yeon , Cho Byung Cheol , Kang Jin Kyeong , Park Jihye , Hardies Stephen C.
Published: October 2023

Cold-active bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that infect and replicate at low temperatures (≤4 °C). Understanding remains limited of how cold-active phage–host systems sustain high viral abundance despite the persistently low temperatures in pelagic sediments in polar seas. In this study, two Pseudoalteromonas phages, ACA1 and ACA2, were isolated from sediment core samples of the continental shelf in the western Arctic Ocean. These phages exhibited successful propagation at a low temperature of 1 °C and displayed typical myovirus morphology with isometric icosahedral heads and contractile tails. The complete genome sequences of phages ACA1 and ACA2 were 36,825 bp and 36,826 bp in size, respectively, sharing almost the same gene content. These are temperate phages encoding lysogeny-related proteins such as anti-repressor, immunity repressor and integrase. The absence of cross-infection between the host strains, which were genomically distinct Pseudoalteromonas species, can likely be attributed to heavy divergence in the anti-receptor apparently mediated by an associated diversity-generating retroelement. HHpred searching identified genes for all of the structural components of a P2-like phage (family Peduoviridae), although the whole of the Peduoviridae family appeared to be divided between two anciently diverged tail modules. In contrast, Blast matching and whole genome tree analysis are dominated by a nonstructural gene module sharing high similarity with Pseudoalteromonas phage C5a (founder of genus Catalunyavirus). This study expands the knowledge of diversity of P2-like phages known to inhabit Peudoalteromonas and demonstrates their presence in the Arctic niche.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENENTU PROFITABILITAS (STUDI KASUS PADA PERUSAHAAN PEMBIAYAAN INDONESIA PERIODE TAHUN 2015 – 2021
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo
Published: October 2023

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menemukan secara empiris faktor yang memengaruhi profitabilitas Perusahaan Pembiayaan di Indonesia selama periode 2015 - 2021 seperti Risiko Pembiayaan, Efisiensi Operasional, Pembiayaan, Permodalan dan Kurs dengan menggunakan metode analisis regresi parsial (Parsial Least Square/PLS) dengan 84 periode bulanan sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menemukan variabel risiko pembiayaan, efisiensi operasional dan kurs berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Variabel permodalan berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Variabel pembiayaan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK DAN CITRA MEREK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK KECANTIKAN DARI PT MANDOM ( Studi Kasus Pada Konsumen Toko Kosmetik Watsons Di Pondok Gede)
Authors: Chusnah Chusnah , Nurlailasari Rita
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kualitas Produk dan Citra Merek Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Kecantikan dari PT Mandom pada Konsumen Toko Kosmetik Watsons di Pondok Gede,  penelitian ini mengunakan 96 konsumen sebagai sample. Uji validitas dan reliabilitas digunakann utk menguji instrument penelitian,  analisis data di awali dengan melakukan uji asumsi kelasik. Analisis data selanjutnya  menggunakan  analisis regresi dan korelasi, Determinasi,  terahkir di lakukan uji t dan uji f. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara parsial menunjukan bahwa kualitas produk memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk kecantikan dari PT Mandom dengan signifikansi 0,034<0,05 dan thitung sebsesar 2,156 dan untuk citra merek secara parsial juga menunjukan bahwa citra merek memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadao keputusan pembelian produk kecantikan dari PT Mandom signifikansi 0,000<0,05 dan thitung sebsesar 6,261. Sedangkan hasil pengujian secara simultan diketahui bahwa kualitas produk dan citra merek berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk kecantikan dari PT Mandom.
Sunarno, Muhammad Ridwan PENGARUH MUTASI KERJA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. PHAROS INDONESIA (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PT. PHAROS INDONESIA KANTOR CABANG JAKARTA 2)
Authors: Menot Sunarno Sunarno , Ridwan Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Abstrak
 
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh mutasi  kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Pharos Indonesia, pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT. Pharos Indonesia, pengaruh mutasi  kerja dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT. Pharos Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, subjek penelitian ini adalah karyawan PT. Pharos Indonesia yang berjumlah 30 orang. pengumpulan data dengan memberikan kuesioner dan wawancara, sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, serta pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji validitas dan reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi, korelasi, koefisien determinasi, uji t dan uji f.
Dari hasil analisis data dan pembahasan, secara parsial variabel mutasi kerja (xi) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan  (y) dimana signifikansi mutasi kerja sebesar 0,001 dan t-hitung sebesar 3,810 menunjukkan bahwa tingkat signifikansi 0,001 < 0,05 dan t-hitung 3,810 > t-tabel 2,051 yang berarti bahwa mutasi kerja signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan yang berarti ha diterima artinya mutasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT. Pharos Indonesia cabang Jakarta. motivasi kerja (x2) secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan (y), dimana signifikansi motivasi kerja 0,026 dan t-hitung sebesar 2,351 menunjukkan bahwa signifikansi 0,026 < 0,05 dan t-hitung 2,351 > t-tabel 2,051 yang berarti bahwa motivasi kerja signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan yang bahwa ha diterima artinya motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT. Pharos Indonesia Cabang Jakarta. artinya kontribusi mutasi kerja dan motivasi kerja secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PT. MNC Sekuritas
Authors: Waskito Meindro , Sumarni Sri
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan pada PT. MNC Sekuritas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan kuantitatif serta pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan melakukan penyebaran kuisioner. Data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yaitu hasil olahan data penulis hasil kuisioner dengan pengukuran dengan menggunakan skala likert. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana, analisis korelasi dan uji hipotesis dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS versi 25. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 127 sampel. Hasil dalam penelitian dan analisis membuktikan bahwa motivasi dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja.
Abstrack
This study aims to determine the effect between motivation and work environment on employee job satisfaction at PT. MNC Sekuritas. The method used in this research is a quantitative approach method and the sampling is done using purposive sampling method by distributing questionnaires. The data in this study uses primary data, namely the results of the data processed by the author of the questionnaire results with measurements using a Likert scale. This study uses simple linear regression analysis, correlation analysis and hypothesis testing with the help of SPSS version 25 for Windows. The number of samples used in this study were 127 samples. The results in research and analysis prove that motivation and work environment have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction.
Análise da expressão de CD68 e CD163 em cordões umbilicais de nascidos vivos e natimortos: aplicabilidade na patologia forense
Authors: Santos Jeane Oliveira , Ishigai Marcia Marcelino de Souza , Alves Maria Teresa de Seixas
Published: October 2023

Introdução: A distinção entre nascido vivo (NV) e natimorto (NM) tem sido de suma importância na Medicina Legal, envolvendo questões cíveis e penais. Trabalhos analisando esta diferenciação são raros. Estudo utilizando as inserções cutâneas de cordões umbilicais de NV e NM demonstrou diferença significativa entre marcadores CD68 (marcador de monócitos/macrófagos) e CD163, atualmente mais específico marcador de histiócitos nos últimos tempos. Considerando que o diagnóstico diferencial entre NV e NM permanece um desafio para a prática forense e que nem sempre se dispõe da inserção cutânea do cordão umbilical, este trabalho propôs a analisar secções do cordão umbilical próximas à inserção do disco placentário. Objetivo: Avaliar a expressão imuno-histoquímica quantitativa dos marcadores CD 68 e CD 163 em secções de cordão umbilical a 2,0cm da inserção do disco placentário em amostras de NV e NM visando distinguir os dois grupos. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo e prospectivo em cordões umbilicais de fetos NV e NM oriundos do Amparo maternal e do Centro obstétrico do Hospital São Paulo/UNIFESP- EPM, ambos submetidos à exame anatomopatológico no Departamento de Patologia da UNIFESP/EPM. Foram analisadas um total de 19 amostras no grupo NV e 20 amostras no grupo NM. Foi realizado estudo imuno-histoquímico para os marcadores antimacrófagos CD 68 e CD163 a partir de sistemas automatizados por computador. A análise quantitativa foi realizada com sistema digital de imagem trabalhando em ambiente Windows, com softwares especializados. A captura das imagens baseou-se no princípio do hotspot, iniciando-se na área mais positiva, com captura de 10 campos microscópicos consecutivos no aumento de 400x. Resultado: Quando comparados os grupos, utilizando-se o teste de Mann- Whitney observou-se diferença significante com valor de p< 0.001 para o marcador CD 68. Conclusão: Ambos os marcadores foram capazes de identificar histiócitos no estroma umbilical (geléia de Wharton). Verificamos aumento significativo do CD68 no grupo de NM quando comparado ao grupo de NV.
Avaliação dos cuidados com aparelhos fotoativadores e procedimentos de fotoativação
Authors: Ferrari Ana Carolina Delesporte , Santos Débora Vitória da Silva , Rodrigues Lorena dos Santos , De Mello Paula Sampaio , Almeida Tereza Jacy da Silva , Finck Nathalia Silveira
Published: October 2023

O uso de resinas compostas está aumentando devido ao seu melhor resultado estético, maior longevidade e altas propriedades mecânicas. Nelas, possuem um componente sensível à luz, que responde a irradiação criando radicais livres e inicia o processo de polimerização, transformando monômeros em polímeros. A resistência das restaurações depende do seu grau de polimerização, uma polimerização incompleta produz efeitos biológicos adversos. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar as práticas de fotopolimerização de cirurgiões-dentistas atuantes no estado do Espírito Santo por meio da utilização de um questionário. O questionário foi encaminhado ao CRO-ES para que pudesse ser enviado por mala direta aos profissionais que atuam no estado e estão devidamente inscritos. A partir dos resultados foi feito o levantamento das práticas de fotopolimerização dos participantes e uma comparação entre os profissionais com diferentes experiências acumuladas. Duas perguntas do questionário apresentaram um resultado com relevância estatística, a primeira em relação ao tipo de aparelho que ele utilizava, onde houve uma predominância de 58,1% para profissionais formados acima de 15 anos que souberam responder. A segunda pergunta foi se faziam o uso de proteção ocular, 66,98% dos participantes revelaram não fazer uso de proteção ocular durante os procedimentos de fotoativação. Conclui-se que apesar do baixo índice de insucesso relatado pelos profissionais, o índice de acertos para as perguntas do questionário foi baixo, além disso, houve uma relação entre o índice de acerto com um maior tempo de experiência clínica.
Correlações experimentais entre parâmetros de instalação de um carneiro hidráulico
Authors: Luchese Thiago de Cacio , Peixoto Hyago Dalávia
Published: October 2023

Realizamos medidas da vazão recalcada por um carneiro hidráulico de bitola nominal de 25 mm em função dos parâmetros altura de alimentação, distância do carneiro à fonte de alimentação, volume da campânula e altura de recalque. Verificamos haver dependência exponencial entre a vazão recalcada e a altura de recalque no intervalo de alturas de recalque que varia desde 5 a 20 vezes a altura de alimentação. Verificamos que o volume da campânula tem contribuição secundária na determinação da vazão recalcada enquanto que a distância do carneiro à fonte de alimentação tem impacto primário sobre o volume de recalque. Esperamos que tais resultados possam ser de utilidade para o dimensionamento de instalações de recalque com o uso deste equipamento.
Eletromioestimulação para aumento de força muscular: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Dos Santos Rodrigo Peixoto , Miranda Humberto Lameira , Pinto Verônica Salerno , De Souza Elton Bicalho , Viana Diego Gomes
Published: October 2023

A eletroestimulação excita nervos periféricos e recruta unidades motoras. Associada ao exercício físico promove não só a hipertrofia, mas outras adaptações como aumento na velocidade de ativação muscular. Porém as pesquisas ainda são controversas, muito por conta de não existir uma parametrização para o uso da técnica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar os efeitos da eletroestimulação no processo de contração muscular. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura que analisou pesquisas que associam efeitos do uso da eletromioestimulação combinados ao exercício físico. A presente revisão verificou que além da hipertrofia muscular, as adaptações neuromusculares proporcionam aumento no dispêndio energético do músculo, no ângulo de penação, na velocidade de ativação muscular e da atividade eletromiográfica, mas combinar exercício físico com eletromioestimulação pode ocasionar lesão muscular.
Temporal Pattern and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Breast Cancer Incidence in Iranian Women (2009–2017)
Authors: Eslahi Marzieh , Roshandel Gholamreza , Khanjani Narges
Published: October 2023

Background: Breast cancer accounted for 28.1% of all female cancers in 2020 in Iran. This study was conducted to evaluate the time trend of breast cancer incidence and to identify the changes of breast cancer incidence in age, period, and birth cohorts in Iran, in the 2009–2017 timeframe. Methods: Annual cancer statistics for female breast cancer were obtained from the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (INPCR) database from 2009 to 2017. The age-period-cohort (APC) analysis was used to evaluate the time trend of breast cancer incidence in age, period and birth cohorts between 2009 and 2017. R package (Epi) was used to analyze data. Results were considered statistically significant at P<0.05. Results: The age effect showed an increased incidence of breast cancer until the age of 45, and after this age the speed of increase was slower until 65 years. There was an increased diagnosis in 2015–2017 (period effect) for many age groups, especially in the 70- and over 80-year-old group. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that breast cancer incidence peaks in the age of 45 in Iranian women, which is a decade earlier compared to the Western world. The period effect in 2015–2017 can be explained by the fact that in 2014, the former Iranian pathology-based cancer registry was upgraded to a population-based cancer registry, which resulted in improved coverage of cancer registry and case finding.
Appropriateness of Intensive Statin Treatment in People with Type Two Diabetes and Mild Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gorji Mohammad Taghi , Alaei-Shahmiri Fariba , Darban Hosseini Amirkhiz Gisoo , Sezavar Seyed Hashem , Malek Mojtaba , Khamseh Mohammad E
Published: October 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to compare moderate- versus high-intensity statin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol less than 130 mg/dL. Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, parallel design trial comprised of 79 patients randomly allocated into two groups receiving high-intensity [atorvastatin 40 mg (A40) or rosuvastatin 20 mg (R20) daily] or moderate-intensity [atorvastatin 20 mg (A20) or rosuvastatin 10 (R10) mg daily] statins for eight weeks. The variables investigated were lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results: The percentage of decrease in LDL levels (±SD) for the high-intensity group (-35.5±25.5) was significantly greater than the moderate-intensity group (-24.6±23.5) (P=0.04). While 38.1% (n:8) of patients receiving A20 and 55% (n:11) of those being on R10 achieved the targets of≥30% reduction in the LDL level, these figures were 63.2% (n=12) and 73.8% (n=14) for A40 and R20 subgroups, respectively. Subsequently, the likelihood of achieving LDL reduction≥30%, was significantly greater with high-intensity statin therapy (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.09, 8.90, P=0.03). Logistic regression analysis also showed that for every 1 mg/dL increase in the baseline LDL level, the odds of achieving the LDL reduction≥30% increased by 1.04 times [95% CI: (1.01, 1.07), P=0.003]. Conclusion: Despite the general conception, moderate-intensity statins are not adequate for the majority of patients with T2DM and mild hyperlipidemia and greater numbers of patients could reach the LDL cholesterol target with high-intensity statin therapy.
Epidemiological Features and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients With and Without Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Piraee Elahe , Azarbakhsh Habibollah , mohammadyan Ghulamraza , Moftakhar Leila , Valipour Aliasghar
Published: October 2023

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are known as an important group of risk factor for progression of the Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19). The present study compared epidemiological features and outcomes in COVID-19 patients with CVDs versus those without CVDs. Methods: This is a retrospective study performed on 1497 patients with CVDs and 26926 patients without CVDs, all of whom were confirmed to have COVID-19. All clinical signs and comorbidities were investigated in the subjects. Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson’s Chi-square test were applied to compare mortality between the groups. Logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of mortality among patients. Results: The mean age of COVID-19 patients with underlying CVD was 60 years. Totally, about 5.3% of the individuals under study had CVD. Also, 21.6% of all deaths occurred in COVID-19 patients with CVD. Cough, fever, shortness of breath, muscle pain, and underlying diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic liver and kidney disease, chronic lung disease, and immunodeficiency were significantly higher in patients with CVD than those without CVDs. The odds of death in COVID-19 patients were 1.9 times higher with underlying CVD, 2.1 times with diabetes, 3.4 times with hypertension, 1.9 times with immunodeficiency, and 2.3 times with chronic liver and kidney disease. Conclusion: CVDs are a serious threat to COVID-19 patients because they increase mortality among these patients. As a result, preventive and therapeutic strategies must be developed for these vulnerable groups, who will be prone to higher mortality.
Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants: Intravenous Paracetamol or Oral Ibuprofen?
Authors: Taslimi Taleghani Naeeme , Hamrahi Banafshe , Falahi Minoo , Nazar Eisa , Palizban Farzane , Naseh Ali , Khoshnood Shariati Maryam
Published: October 2023

Background: The similarity in the mechanism of action between paracetamol and ibuprofen can cause similar side effects. However, in preterm neonates with feeding intolerance, intravenous (IV) paracetamol has replaced oral ibuprofen. Therefore, a comparison of the effectiveness and side effects is essential. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the data of 118 preterm infants with a definite diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), including 59 patients who received oral ibuprofen and 59 patients who received IV paracetamol were analyzed. Laboratory evaluations of serum total and direct bilirubin, hemoglobin, and creatinine levels before and seven days after treatment were made. Using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multiple multinomial logistic regression models, the effect of two treatment groups on the post-treatment variables as well as their efficacy comparison were evaluated. Results: In both pre- and post-treatment periods, there was no significant association between echocardiography variables with treatment groups. The results from the ANCOVA model showed that the paracetamol and ibuprofen were followed by a significant decrease in the mean total bilirubin and Hct variables after treatment by 1.38 and 1.65 units, respectively. In addition, results from the Mann-Whitney U test revealed that the median Hb and K differences after and before treatment had a significant difference between the two treatment groups. Furthermore, based on the multiple multinomial logistic model results, the odds of complete arterial duct closure with IV paracetamol was 1.27 times higher than with oral ibuprofen, while in the oral ibuprofen group, the odds of closing was 1.44 times higher than the IV paracetamol group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Intravenous paracetamol has equal efficacy compared to oral ibuprofen in the treatment of PDA. Also, it seems to be associated with a lower risk of hyperbilirubinemia following the treatment.
Somatic Mutation of PRKAR1A in Four Cases of Sporadic Cardiac Myxoma
Authors: Sun Yunpeng , Li Zhiping , Sun Jingnan , Ma Dashi , Shan Xue , Chen Xia
Published: October 2023

Background: Inactivating mutations of the protein kinase A regulatory subunit 1 alpha (PRKAR1A) gene have been reported in familial cardiac myxoma. However, the role of PRKAR1A mutation in sporadic cardiac myxoma remains unknown. Methods: Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to identify mutations with the PRKAR1A gene in seven cases of sporadic cardiac myxomas. Sanger sequencing of DNA from cardiac myxoma specimens and matched peripheral blood samples was performed to verify the identified mutations. Results: Targeted NGS of myxoma DNA revealed 232 single nucleotide variants in 141 genes and 38 insertion-deletion mutations in 13 genes. Six PRKAR1A mutations were identified in four of the seven cardiac myxoma cases, and thus, the PRKAR1A inactivating mutation rate was 57.2% (4/7, 95% CI=0.44-0.58, P<0.05). The PRKAR1A variants identified by Sanger sequencing analysis were consistent with those from the NGS analysis for the four myxoma specimens. All of the pathogenic PRKAR1A mutations led to premature termination of PRKAR1A, except for one synonymous mutation. Moreover, none of the nonsense and missense mutations found in the myxoma specimens were found in the matched peripheral blood samples. Conclusion: Pathogenic mutations of the PRKAR1A gene were identified in tumor specimens from four cases of sporadic cardiac myxoma, and the absence of these mutations in peripheral blood samples demonstrated that they were somatic mutations.
A Hybrid Approach Based on Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average and Neural Network Autoregressive Models to Predict Scorpion Sting Incidence in El Oued Province, Algeria, From 2005 to 2020
Authors: Zenia Safia , L’Hadj Mohamed , Selmane Schehrazad
Published: October 2023

Background: This study was designed to find the best statistical approach to scorpion sting predictions. Study Design: A retrospective study. Methods: Multiple regression, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), neural network autoregressive (NNAR), and hybrid SARIMA-NNAR models were developed to predict monthly scorpion sting cases in El Oued province. The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used to quantitatively compare different models. Results: In general, 96909 scorpion stings were recorded in El Oued province from 2005-2020. The incidence rate experienced a gradual decrease until 2012 and since then slight fluctuations have been noted. Scorpion stings occurred throughout the year with peaks in September followed by July and August and troughs in December and January. Sting cases were not evenly distributed across demographic groups; the most affected age group was 15-49 years, and males were more likely to be stung. Of the reported deaths, more than half were in children 15 and younger. Scorpion’s activity was conditioned by climate factors, and temperature had the highest effect. The SARIMA(2,0,2)(1,1,1)12, NNAR(1,1,2)12, and SARIMA(2,0,2)(1,1,1)12-NNAR(1,1,2)12 were selected as the best-fitting models. The RMSE, MAE, and MAPE of the SARIMA and SARIMA-NNAR models were lower than those of the NNAR model in fitting and forecasting; however, the NNAR model could produce better predictive accuracy. Conclusion: The NNAR model is preferred for short-term monthly scorpion sting predictions. An in-depth understanding of the epidemiologic triad of scorpionism and the development of predictive models ought to establish enlightened, informed, better-targeted, and more effective policies.
Trend Analysis of Deaths With Unintentional Poisoning and Years of Life Lost in the South of Iran: 2004-2019
Authors: Azarbakhsh Habibollah , Jafari Fatemeh , Dehghani Seyed Parsa , Karami Hamed , Hassanzadeh Jafar , Mirahmadizadeh Alireza
Published: October 2023

Background: This study was conducted to determine the mortality rate and the years of life lost (YLL) due to unintentional poisoning in Fars province in the south of Iran. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: In this study, data from all of the deaths due to unintentional poisoning in the south of Iran between 2004 and 2019 was extracted from the population-based Electronic Death Registry System (EDRS). The Joinpoint Regression method was used to examine the trend of the crude mortality rate, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and the YLL rate. Results: During the 16-year study period (2004-2019), 1466 deaths due to poisoning occurred in Fars province. Of this number, 75.2% (1103 cases) were in men, and 37.5% (550 cases) were in the age group of 15-29 years. The total YLL due to poisoning during the 16-year study period were 25149 and 8392 in men and women, respectively. According to the joinpoint regression analysis, the 16-year trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality was stable. Moreover, the annual percent change (APC) was -0.7% (95% CI: -4.0 to 2.7, P=0.677) for males and - 0.3% (95% CI: -3.8 to 3.3, P=0.862) for females. Conclusion: The trend of crude mortality rate, ASMR and YLL due to unintentional poisonings was stable. Considering the high rate of mortality and YLL due to unintentional poisoning in the age group of 15-29 years, it is essential to take necessary actions in this age group.
Colorectal Cancer Awareness and Related Factors Among Adults Attending Primary Healthcare in North-Eastern of Iran: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Olyani Samira , Ebrahimipour Hossein , Mahdizadeh Taraghdari Mehrsadat , Jamali Jamshid , Peyman Nooshin
Published: October 2023

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in Iran. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness regarding CRC warning signs, risk factors, screening program, and related factors among adults in North-Eastern Iran. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: The multi-stage sampling method was used to survey 2614 participants attending primary healthcare centers in Mashhad, Iran. The data collection tools were the demographics section and Bowel/ CRC Awareness Measure (Bowel/Colorectal CAM). The data were analyzed by SPSS, version 25. The significance level of the data analysis was less than 0.05. Results: Mean awareness for CRC warning signs and CRC risk factors were 2.85±2.13 and 3.63±1.85, respectively. Most participants (97.2%) had no awareness of the CRC screening program. There was a significant association between marital status, education, job, income, and family history of CRC with awareness of warning signs (P<0.001); moreover, there was a significant association between age, education, job, income, and family history of CRC with awareness of risk factors (P<0.001). The results of logistic regression indicated that there was a significant association between age (P=0.022, OR=1.794, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.087, 2.962), gender (P=0.005, OR=0.488, 95% CI: 0.296, 0.803) and warning sign awareness (P<0.001, OR=1.278, 95% CI: 1.124, 1.454) with awareness of the CRC screening program. Conclusions: In this study, most of the participants had low awareness of CRC. More aimed educational interventions are needed to promote Iranian adults’ awareness of CRC.
Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Related Factors in Community-Dwelling Adults: Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging (ACSA)
Authors: Delbari Ahmad , Ghavidel Fatemeh , Bidkhori Mohammad , Saatchi Mohammad , Abolfathi Momtaz Yadollah , Efati Sara , Hooshmand Elham
Published: October 2023

Background: Sleep is a necessary physiological process that affects health. The current study aimed to evaluate sleep quality (SQ) and the related factors in Iranian community-dwelling adults. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Method: Population-based cross-sectional data from the first wave of the Ardakan cohort study on aging (ACSA) were analyzed. The analytical sample consisted of 5197 community-dwelling adults aged≥50. All data were collected by trained staff. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were used to measure SQ. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify predictors of SQ. Results: The mean age of the participants was 62.22±7.7 years, and 51.8% were female. About threequarters of them (76.36%) were found to have poor SQ (PSQI score≥5). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed a relationship between SQ and gender, education, work, and financial level. Furthermore, SQ was found to be associated with self-reported health and physical activity. Regarding comorbidity, SQ had a significant relationship with cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, depression, and anxiety (P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of poor SQ was high in these community-dwelling adults in Iran. These findings highlight the importance of intervention programs for sleep hygiene education and screening for middle-aged and older adults.
A Fuzzy Clustering Approach to Identify Pedestrians’ Traffic Behavior Patterns
Authors: Saeipour Parisa , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Salemi Saman , Bakhtari Aghdam Fatemeh
Published: October 2023

Background: Pattern recognition of pedestrians’ traffic behavior can enhance the management efficiency of interested groups by targeting access to them and facilitating planning via more specific surveys. This study aimed to evaluate the pedestrians’ traffic behavior pattern by fuzzy clustering algorithm and assess the factors related to higher-risk traffic behavior of pedestrians. Study Design: This study is a secondary methodological study based on the data from a cross-sectional study. Methods: The fuzzy c-means (FCM), as a machine learning clustering method, was conducted to identify the pattern of traffic behaviors by collecting data from 600 pedestrians in Urmia, Iran via "the Pedestrian Behavior Questionnaire" (PBQ) and using 5 domains of PBQ. Multiple logistic regression was fitted to identify risk factors of traffic behaviors. Results: Results revealed two clusters consisting of lower-risk and higher-risk behaviors. The majority of pedestrians (64.33%) were in the lower-risk cluster. Subjects≤33 years old (Odds ratio [OR]=1.92, P<0.001), subjects with≤6 years of education (OR=1.74, P=0.010), males (OR=1.90, P=0.001), unmarried pedestrians (OR=3.61, P=0.007), and users of public transportation (OR=2.01, P=0.002) were more likely to have higher-risk traffic behavior. Conclusion: We identified traffic behavior patterns of Urmia pedestrians with lower-risk and higher-risk behaviors via FCM. The findings from this study would be helpful for policymakers to promote safety measures and train pedestrians.
Четырехмодовая модель динамики распределенных систем
Authors: Калюх Юрий Іванович , Берчун Ярослав Александрович
Published: October 2023

Распределенные системы нашли широкое применение на практике. Это космические связки на околоземном пространстве протяженностью в десятки километров. Ими описываются железобетонные сваи в почве при расчетах напряженно деформированного состояния и оценки технического состояния; трубопроводы как в воздухе, так и жидкости, подводные буксируемые системы. Известны подводные системы эрлифта большой протяженности для добычи минералов (конкреций) со дна океана протяженностью 5-10 км. Для решения задач динамики таких систем в разных средах известные математические модели не вполне корректны с точки зрения учета многообразия волновых процессов. Это определяет необходимость построения уточненных волновых моделей. В статье описана новая квазилинейная математическая модель, касающаяся нелинейной четырехмодовой динамики распределенной системы в пространственно-неоднородном поле массовых и поверхностных сил. Она описывается нелинейной системой двенадцати уравнений первого порядка в частных производных. Для нее выполняются принципы граничности и гиперболичности. В совокупности с краевыми и начальными условиями модель может применяться для описания динамики и статики геометрически и физически нелинейных стержневых элементов, свай в грунте, канатов кранового оборудования, шахтных подъемников, подвесных канатных дорог, буксируемых в потоке жидкости и газа и т.д. Для двухмодовой пространственной редукции модели рассмотрена теорема о корректности задачи Коши. Апробация модели проведена на основе численного решения пространственной задачи о распространении четырех волн трех типов: продольных, конфигурационных в направлении нормали и бинормали, крутящих. Посредством численного алгоритма и программы на основе метода конечных разниц определены необходимые количественные оценки угла закрутки и крутящего момента для конкретной распределенной системы в потоке жидкости.
HUBUNGAN BREASTFEEDING SELF EFFICACY DAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN KEBERHASILAN ASI EKSKLUSIF
Authors: Lestaluhu Viqy
Published: October 2023

Mother's milk (ASI) is the best food and the only food a baby needs for the first six months. Breast milk is very necessary for the growth and development of children's intelligence. Many factors influence breastfeeding including knowledge, socio-economic cultural factors, physiological factors, family support, and educational factors from health workers. Psychological factors are also one of the problems that can affect milk production in postpartum mothers. Successful breastfeeding requires family support so that mothers are motivated to provide exclusive breastfeeding. In addition, the reason for the failure of successful exclusive breastfeeding is the condition of the mother, such as the mother's self-confidence or self-efficacy in breastfeeding. The purpose of this study is, the authors want to know the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and family support with the success of exclusive breastfeeding. The type of research used is quantitative with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study was 30 breastfeeding mothers. Collecting data in this study used a questionnaire sheet containing questions about family support and the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Measuring tool to measure self-efficacy in breastfeeding mothers using the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale (BSES). The data obtained was then analyzed with the Chi Square test. The results of this study are, there is a significant relationship between Breastfeeding Self Efficacy and family support with the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Family support has a relationship with the success of exclusive breastfeeding for infants, this is supported by family knowledge about good breastfeeding. Breastfeeding mothers need to increase self-confidence and motivation in breastfeeding, increase knowledge about proper breastfeeding through counseling at health care facilitie.
L’Homme, la peur et la Superstition Dans La Grande Peur dans la montagne
Authors: LiquaFadil Abid
Published: October 2023

" La Grande Peur dans  la  montagne" est une réponseà la question que l'auteur se posait  à lui-mêmelorsqu′il scrutait la vie secrète de la nature et les croyancessuperstitieuses de ces hommes si simples qui vivaientà son contact:
Interaction Of Threonine Amino Acid In Aqueous Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solutions At Various Temperatures
Authors: Asal Ahmed Abdulsattar
Published: October 2023

Apparent molal volume ɸv, apparent molal volumes at infinite dilution ɸov ,the slope Sv and viscosity B and D coefficients for Threonine (Thr) in (2-10)% w/w aqueous Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) solvents have been calculated respectively from the density and viscosity measurements at different temperatures 298.15,303.15,308.15and 313.15 K. The results are discussed in the light of solute-solvent and solute-solute interaction, and shows that Threonine behave as structure-breaker in aqueous DMSO solvent.
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻣﺗﺯﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻣﺽ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻳﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻁﺢ ﺍﻻﺳﻔﻠﺕ (ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭ) ﺑﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ
Authors: ﻣﻧﺎﻝ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻳﺩ ﺣﻣﻳﺩ
Published: October 2023

ﺘـم ﻓـﻲ ﻫـذا اﻟﺒﺤـث د ارﺴـﺔ اﻤﺘـ ازز ﻤﺤﻠـوﻝ ﺤـﺎﻤض اﻟﺨﻠﻴـك ﺒﺘرﻛﻴـز 1 ) ﻤـوﻻري) ﻋﻠـﻰ

ﺴطﺢ اﻻﺴﻔﻠت ﻋﻨد درﺠﺎت ﺤ اررﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ( 100,80,60,40 ) م ° ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻀـوء ﻤـﺎ ظﻬـر ﻤـن

د ارﺴـﺔ ﺴـﺎﺒﻘﺔ ان ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻤﺘـ ازز ﻤﺤﻠـوﻝ ﺤـﺎﻤض اﻟﺨﻠﻴـك 1 ) ﻤـوﻻري) ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻨﻔـس اﻟﺴـطﺢ ﻗـد

اﺴﺘﻐرﻗت ﻤدة 24 ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻨد درﺠﺔ ﺤ اررة اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎً ﺒﻘﺎﻴـﺎ ﻤـن اﻟﺤـﺎﻤض ﻏﻴـر اﻟﻤﻤﺘـز ﻓـﻲ

 

اﻟﻤﺤﻠـوﻝ ﺒﺘرﻛﻴـز 0.493 ) ﻤـوﻻري) واﻟﻛﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺘـزة ﻤـن اﻟﺤـﺎﻤض ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺴـطﺢ  3 10 *

17 ﻤـوﻝ /ﻏـم. ان وﺠـود ﺒﻘﺎﻴـﺎ ﻤـن اﻟﺤـﺎﻤض ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻠـوﻝ ﻴﺸـﻴر اﻟـﻰ ﺤﺼـوﻝ اﻤﺘـ ازز ﺠزﺌـﻲ

ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺴـطﺢ ﻋﻨـد درﺠـﺔ ﺤـ اررة اﻟﻐرﻓـﺔ وﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـذا اﻻﺴـﺎس اﺠرﻴـت اﻟد ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻀـﻤن

اﻟﻤدى اﻟﺤ ارري ( 100-40 ) م° ﻟﺘﺤدﻴد ﺘﺄﺜﻴر درﺠﺔ اﻟﺤ اررة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻤﺘ ازز ﺤﺎﻤض اﻟﺨﻠﻴك

 

ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴطﺢ اﻻﺴﻔﻠت وﺘﺄﺜﻴرﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺴطﺢ اﻻﻤﺘ اززﻴﺔ.

وﻗد ﺘﺒﻴن ﻤن ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻫـذا اﻟﺒﺤـث وﻤـن ﻤﺠﻤوﻋـﺔ اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺼـﻠﺔ ﻤـن اﻟد ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﺴـﺎﺒﻘﺔ

ﺒـﺄن ﻟﻼﺴـﻔﻠت ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴـﺔ ﻤﺤـدودة ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻤﺘـ ازز ﺤـﺎﻤض اﻟﺨﻠﻴـك ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺴـطﺤﻪ ﺤﺴـب ﻤـﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﺘـﻪ

اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤن وﺠود ﺒﻘﺎﻴﺎ ﻤن اﻟﺤﺎﻤض ﻏﻴر اﻟﻤﻤﺘز ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻠوﻝ ﺒﺘرﻛﻴز ﻤﻌﻴن ﺤﻴث ظﻬـر ﻤـن

اﻟد ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﺴـﺎﺒﻘﺔ ان ﺘرﻛﻴـز اﻟﺤـﺎﻤض ﻏﻴـر اﻟﻤﻤﺘـز ﺒﻌـد ﻤـرور ﻓﺘـرة زﻤﻨﻴـﺔ طوﻴﻠـﺔ وﺼـﻠت اﻟـﻰ

 

24 ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻨد درﺠﺔ ﺤ اررة اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ﻛﺎن ﺒﺎﻟﺘرﺘﻴب اﻻﺘﻲ:

( 0.493,0.333,0.1,0.025,0.014 ) ﻤــوﻻري واﻟﺘــﻲ ﺘﻘﺎﺒــﻝ اﻟﺘ ارﻛﻴــز اﻻﺒﺘداﺌﻴــﺔ ﻟﻠﺤــﺎﻤض

( 1.0,0.5,0.25,0.1,0.05 ) ﻤوﻻري ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫو ﻤﺒﻴن ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺠـدوﻝ ( 1 - 3 ) ﻤﻤـﺎ دﻝ ذﻟـك ﻋﻠـﻰ

 

ﺤﺼوﻝ اﻤﺘ ازز ﺠزﺌﻲ وﻏﻴر ﺘﺎم ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺘ ارﻛﻴز اﻟﺤﺎﻤض.

ﻛذﻟك اظﻬرت اﻟد ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ وﺠـود ﺒﻘﺎﻴـﺎ ﻤـن اﻟﺤـﺎﻤض ﻏﻴـر اﻟﻤﻤﺘـز ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻠـوﻝ ﻋﻨـد

درﺠﺔ ﺤ اررة اﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻤن اﻟﻤدى ( 100-40 ) م° رﻏم ظﻬور ﺘﻐﻴر ﻤﻠﺤوظـﺎً ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻛﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺘـزة

ﻤن اﻟﺤﺎﻤض ذو اﻟﺘرﻛﻴز ١ ﻤوﻻري ﻤﻊ اﻟزﻴﺎدة ﺒدرﺠﺔ اﻟﺤ اررة ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫو ﻤوﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠدوﻝ 2 )

( -3 ﻤﻘﺎرﻨـﺔ ﻤـﻊ اﻟﻛﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺘـزة ﻤـن اﻟﺤـﺎﻤض ﻓـﻲ اﻟد ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﺴـﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺴـطﺢ ﻨﻔﺴـﻪ ﻋﻨـد

 

درﺠﺔ ﺤ اررة اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ اﻟﺠدوﻝ .( 1-3 )
ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﺓﺇﻳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﻧﻲ
Authors: ﺩ. ﺃﺳﻣﺎء ﻋﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻱ
Published: October 2023

اﻟﺤﻤد ﻟﻠّﻪ اﻟﻌظﻴم اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻝ ذي اﻟﺠﻼﻝ واﻹﻛ ارم واﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺎﺘم اﻟﻤرﺴﻠﻴن

ﻤﺤﻤد ﺒن ﻋﺒد اﻟﻠّﻪ ﺴﻴد اﻷوﻟﻴن واﻵﺨرﻴن ٬ اﻟذي ﺨﺘم اﻟﻠّﻪ ﺒﻪ أﻨﺒﻴﺎءﻩ ورﺴﻠﻪ ٬ وﻋﻠﻰ آﻟﻪ

 

وﺼﺤﺒﻪ أﺠﻤﻌﻴن وﻤن ﺘﺒﻌﻬم ﺒﺈﺤﺴﺎن إﻟﻰ ﻴوم اﻟدﻴن.

إن اﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﻤن أﺠﻝ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺼب وأﺸرﻓﻬﺎ ﻗد اَر ٬ وأﻋظﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻛﺎﻨﺔ ٬ وﻴﻛﻔﻴﻪ ﺸرﻓﺎَ ﻗﻴﺎم ﺨﻴر

 

ﺨﻠق اﻟﻠّﻪ ﺒﻪ ﻤن أﻨﺒﻴﺎﺌﻪ ورﺴﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬم اﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺴﻼم. ﻗﺎﻝ اﻟﻠّﻪ ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ وﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺒﻪ اﻟﺤﻛﻴم:(ﻛﺎَ َن اﻟﻨﺎَس أُ ﱠﻤﺔَ َواﺤَدةً ﻓََﺒ َﻌ َث اﻟﻠﱠﻪ اﻟَﻨﺒِّﻴﻴن ﻤُﺒ ِﺸرﻴ َن َو َﻤْﻨذِرﻴ َن و أﻨَزَﻝ َﻤ َﻌﻬُُم اُﻟُﻛﺘَﺎ َب ﺒِْﺎﻟ َﺤ ﱢق ﻟَﻴ ْﺤ ًﻛَم َﺒَﻴ َن اﻟﱠﻨﺎ ِس ﻓﻴِﻤﺎَ ا ًﺨﺘَﻠﻔُوا ِﻓﻴﻪ) (١) . وﻗﺎﻝ اﻟﻠّﻪ ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ وﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻛرﻴم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أﻓﻀﻝ اﻟﺼﻼة وأﺘم اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴم :َ(َوأَﻨزﻟََﻨﺎ إﻟﻴ َك ْاْﻟﻛﺘَﺎ َب ِ◌ﺒْﺎﻟَ َﺤ ﱢق ُﻤ َﺼّدِﻗﺎً ◌َ ِ◌ﻟَ َﻤﺎَ ْﺒَﻴ َن َﻴَدْﻴﻪ ِﻤ َن ْاﻟ َك ِ◌ﺘﺎ ِب َوَﻤ ْﻬﻴِﻤﻨﺎً ◌َ َﻋْﻠﻴ ِﻪ ﻓَﺎ ْﺤ ُﻛْم َﺒَﻴُﻨﻬْم َﺒﻤﺎ

 

أََﻨَزَﻝ اﻟﻠّﻪُ) (٢) .

ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﻤﻘﺎم ﻋﺎﻝ وﻤﻨﺼب ﻨﺒوي ٬ ﺒﻪ اﻟدﻤﺎء ﺘﻌﺼم وﺘﺴﻔﺢ ٬ واﻷﻤواﻝ ﻴﺜﺒت ﻤﻠﻛﻬﺎ

وﻴﺴﻠب ٬ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼت ﻴﻌﻠم ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠوز ﻤﻨﻬﺎ وﻴﺤرم وﻴﻨدب ٬ وﻫو ﻤن اﻷﻤور اﻟﻤﻘدﺴﺔ ﻋﻨد ﻛﻝ

اﻷﻤم ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻐت درﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة رﻗﻴﺎَ أو اﻨﺤطﺎطﺎَ ٬ ﻟذا ﻓﻘد اﻫﺘﻤت اﻟﺸرﻴﻌﺔ

اﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ واﻷﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻤدﻴﺔ ﻤن أوﻝ ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻴوم ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻀﺎء و أﻤورﻩ ٬ ﻓﻔﻲ ﺤدﻴث ﻋن

اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻤﺤﻤد  ﻗﺎﻝ: ((ﻷﺤﺴد إﻻ ﻓﻲ أﺜﻨﻴﺘﻴن رﺠﻝ آﺘﺎﻩ اﻟﻠّﻪ ﻤﺎﻻ ﻓﺴﻠط ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻠﻛﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ

 

اﻟﺤق ٬ ورﺠﻝ آﺘﺎﻩ اﻟﻠّﻪ اﻟﺤﻛﻤﺔ ﻓﻬو ﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ وﻴﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ)) (٣) .

وﻷﺠﻝ ذﻟك أرﻴت اﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻋن ﻋﻠم ﻤن أﻋﻼم اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء وﻫو اﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ

إﻴﺎس ﺒن ﻤﻌﺎوﻴﺔ ﻗرة ﺒن اﻟﻤزﻨﻲ ٬ ذو اﻟﺸﻬرة اﻟواﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺤﺎد واﻟﻔ ارﺸﺔ اﻟﻘوﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺠﻌﻠﺘﻪ

 

ﻤﻀرب اﻟﻤﺜﻝ ﻓﻲ اﻟذﻛﺎء ٬ ﻗﺎﻝ أﺒو ﺘﻤﺎم اﻟﺸﺎﻋر ﻓﻲ رﺜﺎﺌﺔ ﻷﺤد ﻓﻲ أﺒﻴﺎت ﻤﻨﻬﺎ :
ﻗﺻﺔ ﻧﻭﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﻳﻡ­ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻭﺿﻭﻋﻳﺔ
Authors: ﺩ. ﻋﻣﺎﺩ ﺟﺎﺳﻡ ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺟﺑﻭﺭﻱ
Published: October 2023

اﻟﺤﻤـد ﷲ رب اﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻤﻴن ٬ و اﻟﺼـﻼة و اﻟﺴـﻼم ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺴـﻴدﻨﺎ ﻤﺤﻤـد و اﻟـﻪ و ﺼـﺤﺒﻪ أﺠﻤﻌـﻴن ٬

 

أﻤﺎ ﺒﻌد …

ﻓﻘد ذﻛر اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘ ارن اﻟﻛرﻴم ﻗﺼﺼﺎً ﻛﺜﻴرة ﻟﻨﺄﺨذ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ اﻟدروس و اﻟﻌﺒر ٬ و ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ

ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ (ﻟﻘد ﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻗﺼﺼﻬم ﻋﺒـرة ﻷُوﻟـﻲ اﻷﻟﺒـﺎب ) ٬ (١) وﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﻗﺼـص ﺒﻌـض اﻷﻨﺒﻴـﺎء ٬ وﻤـﻨﻬم

ﻨوح ( ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ) ٬ ﻓﻘد ذﻛـر اﷲ أط ارﻓـﺎً ﻤـن ﻗﺼـﺘﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﺴـوٍر ﻋدﻴـدة ٬ ﻤـﻊ ﻋـدم ﻤ ارﻋـﺎة اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴـﻝ

ﻓﻲ ﻗﺼﺘﻪ ٬ و ذﻟك ﺘﺒﻌﺎً ﻟﻠﺴورة اﻟﻤذﻛور ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫذﻩ اﻻﻴﺎت ٬ و ﻟو ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺠﻤﻊ ﻫذﻩ اﻻﻴﺎت ﻟﺘﻛوﻨت ﻟﻨﺎ

 

وﺤدة ﻤوﻀوﻋﻴﺔ ﻋن ﻗﺼﺘﻪ ﻤن ﺒداﻴﺘﻬﺎ ٬ و ﺤﺘﻰ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ .

وﻗﺼﺔ ﺴﻴدﻨﺎ ﻨوح ( ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ) ﻟﻬﺎ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴرة ﺠداً ٬ ﻓﻔﻲ وﻗﺘﻪ ظﻬر اﻟﻛﻔر ﺒـﻴن ﺒﻨـﻲ

ادم ٬ ﻓﺄرﺴـﻠﻪ اﷲ ﻟﺘﺼـﺤﻴﺢ اﻋﺘﻘـﺎدﻫم ٬ و ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ أﺨطـﺎﺌﻬم ٬ و ﻟﻘـد ﺘﻌـرض اﻟـﻰ ﺼـﻌوﺒﺎت ﻋدﻴـدة

ﻓـﻲ طرﻴـق دﻋوﺘـﻪ اﻟـﻰ اﷲ ﺘﻌـﺎﻟﻰ ٬ و ﻓـﻲ ﻗﺼـﺘﻪ اﺤـدا ٌث ﻛﺜﻴـرة و ﻤﻬﻤـﺔ ٬ ﻷﺠـﻝ ذﻟـك ﻓﻘـد اﺨﺘـرت

ﻗﺼـﺘﻪ ﻟﺘﻛـون ﻤوﻀـوﻋﺎً ﻟﺒﺤﺜـﻲ اﻟﻤﻘـدم اﻟـﻰ ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ ﻛﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘرﺒﻴـﺔ اﻷﺴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ ٬ ﻓﻛـﺎن ﻋﻨـوان اﻟﺒﺤـث )

ﻗﺼﺔ ﻨوح ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘ ارن اﻟﻛرﻴم ٬ د ارﺴﺔ ﻤوﻀوﻋﻴﺔ ) ٬ ﻟذا ﻓﺈﻨﻨﻲ ﻟـم اﻋﺘﻤـد ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻻﺤﺎدﻴـث اﻟﻀـﻌﻴﻔﺔ

 

أواﻟرواﻴﺎت اﻻﺴ ارﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ ٬ و إذا ﻤﺎ ذﻛرت ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ أﺤﻴﺎﻨﺎً ﻓﺈﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﻠرد ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ.

وﻗد ﻗﻤت ﺒﺘﻘﺴﻴم اﻟﺒﺤث اﻟﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺤث ٬ و ﻛﻝ ﻤﺒﺤث اﻟﻰ ﻋدة ﻤطﺎﻟب و ﻛﺎﻻﺘﻲ :

اﻟﻤﺒﺤـث اﻻوﻝ : ﺘﻨﺎوﻟـت ﻓﻴـﻪ اﺴـﻤﻪ و ﻋﺎﺌﻠﺘـﻪ و زﻤﻨـﻪ ٬ و اﻻﻴـﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺤـدﺜت ﻋﻨـﻪ ٬ ﻓـﻲ ﺜﻼﺜـﺔ

ﻤطﺎﻟـب ٬ اﻟﻤطﻠـب اﻻوﻝ : اﺴـﻤﻪ وﻨﺴـﺒﻪ و ﻋﺎﺌﻠﺘـﻪ ٬ و اﻟﻤطﻠـب اﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ: اﻟـزﻤن اﻟـذي ﻋـﺎش ﻓﻴـﻪ ٬

 

واﻟﻤطﻠب اﻟﺜﺎﻟث : اﻻﻴﺎت و اﻟﺴور اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤدﺜت ﻋﻨﻪ.

و اﻟﻤﺒﺤث اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ : ﺒﺤﺜت ﻓﻴﻪ ارﺴﺎﻝ ﻨوح اﻟﻰ ﻗوﻤـﻪ ٬ و دﻋـﺎؤﻩ ﻋﻠـﻴﻬم ٬ و ذﻟـك ﻓـﻲ ﺜﻼﺜـﺔ ﻤطﺎﻟـب

٬ اﻟﻤطﻠب اﻻوﻝ :دﻋوة ﻗوﻤﻪ اﻟﻰ اﻻﻴﻤﺎن ٬ و اﻟﻤطﻠب اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ : ﺘرﻏﻴﺒﻬم ﺒﺎﻻﻴﻤـﺎن ٬ وﺘﺤـدﻴﻬم ﻟـﻪ ٬

 

و اﻟﻤطﻠب اﻟﺜﺎﻟث : دﻋﺎؤﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗوﻤﻪ .

واﻟﻤﺒﺤــث اﻟﺜﺎﻟــث : ﺘﻛﻠﻤــت ﻓﻴــﻪ ﻋــن ﺼــﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺴــﻔﻴﻨﺔ ٬ و ﺤــدوث اﻟطوﻓــﺎن ٬ و ذﻟــك ﻓــﻲ ﺜﻼﺜــﺔ

ﻤطﺎﻟب : اﻟﻤطﻠب اﻻوﻝ:ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ٬ و اﻟﻤطﻠب اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ :ﺒداﻴﺔ اﻟطوﻓﺎن ٬ و اﻟﻤطﻠب اﻟﺜﺎﻟـث:

 

ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ اﻟطوﻓﺎن .

و ﺨﺘﻤت اﻟﺒﺤث ﺒﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ ذﻛرت ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أﻫم اﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ اﺴﺘﻨﺘﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﻤن ﻫذﻩ اﻟد ارﺴﺔ .