bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Use of Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Utility of Asynchronous Testing for Subspecialty-Level Ophthalmic Care
Authors: Mosenia Arman , Li Patrick , Seefeldt Rick , Seitzman Gerami D. , Sun Catherine Q. , Kim Tyson N.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Telehealth in ophthalmology has traditionally focused on preventive disease screening with limited use in outpatient evaluation. The unique conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic afforded the opportunity to evaluate different implementations of teleophthalmology at scale, providing insight into expanding teleophthalmology care.

Objective

To compare telehealth use in ophthalmology with other specialties and assess the feasibility of augmenting ophthalmic telehealth encounters with asynchronous testing during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This quality improvement study evaluated retrospective, longitudinal, observational data from the first 18 months of the COVID-19 pandemic (January 1, 2020, through July 31, 2021) for 881 080 patients receiving care from outpatient primary care, cardiology, neurology, gastroenterology, surgery, neurosurgery, urology, orthopedic surgery, otolaryngology, obstetrics/gynecology, and ophthalmology clinics of the University of California, San Francisco. Asynchronous testing was evaluated for teleophthalmology encounters.

Interventions

A hybrid care model wherein ophthalmic testing data were acquired asynchronously and used to augment telehealth encounters.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Telehealth as a percentage of total volume of ambulatory care and use of asynchronous testing for ophthalmic conditions.

Results

The volume of in-person outpatient visits dropped by 83.3% (39 488 of 47 390) across the evaluated specialties at the onset of shelter-in-place orders for the COVID-19 pandemic, and the initial use of telehealth increased for these specialties before stabilizing over the 18-month study period. In ophthalmology, telehealth use peaked at 488 of 1575 encounters (31.0%) early in the pandemic and returned to mostly in-person visits as COVID-19 restrictions lifted. Elective use of telehealth was highest in gastroenterology, urology, neurology, and neurosurgery and lowest in ophthalmology. Asynchronous testing was combined with 126 teleophthalmology encounters, resulting in change of clinical management for 32 patients (25.4%) and no change for 91 (72.2%).

Conclusions and Relevance

Telehealth increased across various specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic. Combining teleophthalmic visits with asynchronous testing suggested that this approach is feasible for subspecialty-level evaluation. Additional study is needed to evaluate whether asynchronous testing outside the same institution could provide an effective and lasting approach for expanding the reach of ophthalmic telehealth.
H∞control for networked semi‐Markovian jump systems with generally incomplete transition probabilities and distributed delays
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhu Mengyu , Li Xiaoqing , Tao Peng , Shi Kaibo
Published: November 2022

The control problem for networked semi‐Markovian jump systems (S‐MJSs) with generally incomplete time‐varying transition probabilities (GITTPs) and distributed delays is addressed in this article. Firstly, the TPs considered herein may be exactly known, merely known with lower and upper bounds, or unknown, meanwhile the distributed delays own a probability density function as its kernel. Secondly, the closed‐loop networked S‐MJSs is established with GITTPSs and distributed delays. Thirdly, to make full use of the characteristic of delay probability distribution, a generalized discrete‐Bessel summation inequality and a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) are developed by distributed kernel. Then, by applying the Lyapunov method with generalized summation inequality and utilizing an equivalent transformation method to deal with the unknown TPs, several sufficient conditions that guarantee a prescribed performance for networked S‐MJSs are established. Eventually, two simulation examples including a single machine infinite bus power systems are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical findings.
Influence of Post‐Heat Treatments on the Microstructure, Mechanical Responses of IN738LC Superalloy Manufactured via Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Kim Kyu-Sik , Kang Tae-Hoon , Lee Kee-Ahn
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the influence of post‐heat treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and strengthening mechanisms of the IN738LC fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The alloy is subjected to fully hardening (FH) and direct aging (DA) post‐heat treatments, respectively. The supersaturated matrix of the as‐built (AB) IN738LC has a fine cell and columnar structure that is aligned almost parallel to the building direction. After heat treatment, the microstructure of the FH alloy presents a partially recovered matrix. However, the DA alloy indicates a similar matrix structure to that of the AB material. Additionally, bimodal Ni3(Al, Ti) precipitates with average sizes of 176.8 nm in the FH alloy and 112.2 nm in the DA alloy are formed. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation at fracture (El.) of AB IN738LC are 1089 MPa and 17%, respectively. The UTS of the DA alloy increases to as much as 1295 MPa and the El. decreases drastically to 3.1%. Analytical calculations for the yield strength prediction were also performed using quantitively measured microstructural parameters. The dominant strengthening contributions for the AB IN738LC are suggested to be the solid solution and dislocation strengthening mechanisms. However, the FH and DA alloys are hardened by solid‐solution and precipitate strengthening.
Point‐of‐Care Diagnostic Platforms for Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Atceken Nazente , Munzer Alseed Muhammad , Dabbagh Sajjad Rahmani , Yetisen Ali K. , Tasoglu Savas
Published: November 2022

The loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method is one of the Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) that allows for the amplification of target regions without using a thermal cycle. With its unique primer design, LAMP ensures the rapid replication of the targeted DNA region with high specificity and high efficiency. LAMP technology is used for diagnostic purposes in pathogen detection due to its ease of use, low cost, and simplicity without requiring complex equipment. A wide range of LAMP diagnostic platforms have been developed for applications in bacteria, virus, and parasitic pathogen detection. Herein, the methodology of LAMP technology and its applications in pathogen detection and SNP genotyping and mutation detection are discussed. Point‐of‐care (PoC) LAMP platforms designed with the principles of microfluidic chip technology, including LAMP‐on‐a‐chip, paper‐based LAMP, and smartphone‐based LAMP applications have been elaborated. LAMP technology represents a fast, robust, and reliable diagnostic platform for point‐of‐care testing.
Novel Approach for Assessing Cyclic Thermomechanical Behavior of Multilayered Structures
Authors: Seligmann Benjamin , Alfreider Markus , Wurmshuber Michael , Kiener Daniel
Published: November 2022

Microelectronic devices require material systems combining multiple layers of material for proper operation. These inevitably have different properties, for example, the elastic modulus or the coefficient of thermal expansion. Permanently reoccurring Joule heating and successive cooling during the operation of such devices lead to high thermal stresses within the materials and even failure due to thermomechanical fatigue or delamination of layers. This is dependent on the internal stress state and the amount of plastic strain accumulated. Here, in situ thermomechanical cantilever bending experiments on a Si–WTi–Cu material system to investigate these internal stress states and their influence on deformation behavior using a novel experimental methodology are shown. During heating to , the Cu layer undergoes partial plastic deformation, which may lead to the failure of a potential device using this material combination. To assess the internal stress and strain states based on the in situ observation, a model incorporating plastic deformation and known residual stresses of layers is proposed and verified by Finite Element Analysis.
On the Temperature‐Induced Equilibration of Phase Distribution and Microstructure in a Gas‐Atomized Titanium Aluminide Powder
Authors: Musi Michael , Clemens Helmut , Stark Andreas , Spoerk-Erdely Petra
Published: November 2022

Powder production by gas atomization of γ‐TiAl based alloys typically yields a highly nonequilibrium material regarding the occurring phases and their microstructural appearance. In particular, the equilibration of the powder and the associated phase transformations during heating are of great importance for the subsequently applied densification techniques. The present work employs in situ high‐energy X‐ray diffraction to investigate how this thermodynamic equilibration manifests itself in the resulting phase distribution, the ordering behavior of the disordered α and β phase, both evidenced in the powder, and the change of the γ lattice parameters during heating of a Ti–46.3Al–2.2W–0.2B (at%) powder up to 850 °C. Complementary microstructural characterization of the gas‐atomized powder and the heat‐treated material condition reveals that the temperature exposure predominately affects the dendritic parts of the microstructure, especially when the α phase is transformed into γ phase with small embedded grains of α2 and βo.
Enhanced Corrosion Resistance and Biocompatibility of NaMgF3Coating on Mg–Zn–Ca Alloy: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study
Authors: Zheng Haoran , Li Zhen , Chen Minfang , You Chen , Wang Jingbo
Published: November 2022

The objective of the present work is to investigate the in vitro and in vivo performance of NaMgF3coating on Mg–3Zn–0.2Ca (MZC) alloy for bone applications. NaMgF3coating is developed on MZC alloy by using NaF solution, which prepares the F−containing coating while avoiding the use of hydrofluoric acid, which is of higher toxicity. The dense NaMgF3coating with a thickness of ≈20 μm contributes to reducing the corrosion rate of MZC exposed to Hanks’ solution by ≈43% from 0.7 to 0.4 mm y−1. The NaMgF3coating also depresses the corrosion rate of MZC in vivo, causing the residual volume of the implanted MZC rods to increase from below 70% to ≈90%. Besides, the toughness value of MZC rods coated with NaMgF3after implantation is 2780 MJ m−3, which demonstrates the continuous and sufficient mechanical support that is provided by it for bone repair. Importantly, osteoblasts can adhere and differentiate on the coating surface, and the NaMgF3coating enhanced the biocompatibility and osteogenesis of the MZC alloy. So, the NaMgF3‐coated MZC alloy could be used in bone repair applications.
An Omnidirectional Encircled Deployable Polyhedral Gripper for Contactless Delicate Midwater Creatures Sampling
Authors: Xia Qingchao , Xu Linghui , Liu Chen , Yang Yue , Chen Yuting , Zhang Sheng , Yang Canjun
Published: November 2022

In marine biological sampling, the noncontact polyhedral gripper is initially developed for the purpose of capturing brittle animals and delicate soft‐bodied organisms. However, the auxiliary driving rods of earlier polyhedral grippers make their structure complex, and the unidirectional surrounding capture process makes it simple to generate water flow with less capture effect. Herein, an origami polyhedral gripper for midwater sampling is introduced, along with its fabrication, analysis, material selection, and size parameter calculation process. The capture process is designed to be omnidirectional surrounding; therefore, the generated water flow can be reduced. And the whole mechanism is bi‐stable and only needs one actuator to operate. Capture experiments on pet fish with fragile tails were conducted on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and on simply constructing artificial arms to prove its feasibility and high adaptability. Overall, the unit mechanism of this gripper is analyzed using the Screw theory to show how it has a bistate feature. And using the same origami‐structural unit, additional foldable polyhedral structures with the same folding modes are also introduced.
Design and Pore Properties Tuning of Two‐Scale Porous Polyimide Fabricated by Isostatic Pressing for Improving Oil Storage and Tribological Properties
Authors: Xu Mingkun , Guo Lihe , Ruan Hongwei , Zhou Ningning , Yang Lijun , Wang Chao , Wang Tingmei , Qing Tao , Zhang Jiyang , Wang Qihua , Fu Yizheng , Tao Liming
Published: November 2022

The development of smart lubricating materials with lasting lubrication and outstanding wear resistance while achieving speed response is of great significance in the field of bearing cage applications but has proven to be challenging. Herein, polyimide (PI) molding powder containing two kinds of PI with different rigidities is synthesized in situ to fabricate a two‐scale porous polyimide (PPI) by (cold and hot) isostatic pressing. The unique two‐scale porous structure originates from the bimodal particle size distribution of the PI molding powder. The oil stored in the two‐scale PPI is gradually thrown out as the rotation speed increases, which makes the two‐scale PPI suitable for bearing cages with a wider rotation speed range and realize persistent and stable oil supply under different speeds. The porosity of PPI decreases with increasing pressure during hot isostatic pressing, but the effect of temperature on the porosity is not obvious. Moreover, the two‐scale PPI maintains good mechanical properties, and its ring tension is as high as 22.3 MPa. Due to the high oil content (>15%) and excellent oil retention rate (93.3%, at 3000 rpm for 180 min), the two‐scale oil‐containing PPI exhibits a stable low friction coefficient (≈0.096) and ultralow wear rate (≈0.6810−6mm3 (Nm)−1).
Carbon Segregation in CoCrFeMnNi High‐Entropy Alloy Driven by High‐Pressure Torsion at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Lu Yemao , Hahn Horst , Ivanisenko Yulia
Published: November 2022

Herein, a CoCrFeMnNi high‐entropy alloy with reduced Cr content and with the addition of 2 at% C interstitial is processed via high‐pressure torsion (HPT) under 6.5 GPa by three turns at room and cryogenic temperatures. The microstructure is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). The results indicate that C atoms segregate at the boundaries of the nanograins in the sample processed at room temperature, while the sample processed at cryogenic temperature does not show any notable segregations of carbon.
Effect of Microstructural and Textural Anisotropy on the Tensile Properties of Selective Laser Melted and Annealed Ti6Al4VE Alloy
Authors: Liu Yuancai , Xu Tiewei , Zhang Shanshan , Ji Haibin , Lv Binjiang , Cui Ning
Published: November 2022

The effect of texture on the anisotropy of tensile properties of the SLM‐formed and annealed Ti6Al4VE alloy is investigated. The component of microstructure in these alloys is dominated by the α/α′ phase. Furthermore, there is a significant difference in the intensity of X‐ray diffraction peaks between the XY plane that is perpendicular to the build direction (BD) and the XZ plane that is parallel to the BD, though alloys are annealed with the same treatment. Ultimate tensile strength and yield strength in the X direction are higher than in the Z direction and exhibit significant anisotropy in the alloy annealed with the same treatment conditions, but the plasticity presents an opposite trend. The average Schmid factor of the basal <α>, prismatic <α>, and pyramidal  slip systems in the alloy is analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction and presents that the prismatic <α> slip is the main deformation mode during the tensile testing. The <0001> fiber texture parallel to the loading direction in the XY plane is stronger than that in the XZ plane and causes a decrease in the number of the basal <α> slip system activating in the XY plane in contrast to the XZ plane.
Engineering Thermal and Light Dual‐Triggered Thermosetting Shape Memory Polyimide Nanocomposites with Superior Toughness and Rapid Remote Actuation Properties
Authors: Guo Yonggang , Wang Yan , Tao Liming , Wang Tingmei , Wang Qihua , Zhang Xinrui , Yang Zenghui
Published: November 2022

To meet a variety of application scenarios, high‐performance shape memory polymers require not only excellent mechanical and shape memory properties but also a multistimulus response. Herein, this article reports a near infrared (NIR) light‐triggered thermosetting shape memory polyimide (PI)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite with a high transition temperature, excellent shape memory behaviors, superior robustness, and fast light‐induced shape recovery. The nanocomposite exhibits unexceptionable mechanical properties with breaking strain up to 44.1% and toughness up to 41.7 MJ m−3 at a low content of GO (1 wt%) on account of the good dispersion of GO in the PI matrix and the formed hierarchical structure similar to Nacre. The nanocomposites also have high glass transition temperatures above 200 °C and exhibit a great high‐temperature shape memory effect with a shape fixation rate above 99% and a shape recovery rate above 98%. In addition, with the aid of the efficient photothermal conversion property of rGO, enabling the induction of a temporary shape that completely recovers to the original shape within 7 s by sequential NIR irradiation. It is envisioned that high‐performance nanocomposites with high‐temperature shape memory and excellent mechanical and multistimuli properties will be widely applied in harsh environments, such as alarms, actuation, and so on.
Multiple Fusion Strategy for High‐Performance Yellow OLEDs with Full Width at Half Maximums Down to 23 nm and External Quantum Efficiencies up to 37.4%
Authors: Zhang Yuewei , Wei Jinbei , Wang Lu , Huang Tianyu , Meng Guoyun , Wang Xiang , Zeng Xuan , Du Mingxu , Fan Tianjiao , Yin Chen , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian
Published: November 2022

The pursuit of ideal narrowband yellow multiple resonance (MR) emitters is hampered by the mutual constraints of effective spectral redshift and maintaining a small full width at half maximum (FWHM) value. Here, a novel multiple fusion molecular design strategy is reported to break this trade‐off. Compared with the selected narrowband parent core, the specific multiple MR effects in target molecules can simultaneously extend the π‐conjugation length, increase the rigidity of the structure, and reduce the vibrational frequency. Proof‐of‐the‐concept emitters BN‐DICz and DBN‐ICz show bright yellowish green to yellow emissions in dilute toluene solutions with peaks at 533–542 nm and extremely small FWHMs of ≤20 nm. Notably, BN‐DICz‐based electroluminescent device exhibits excellent efficiencies of 37.4%, 136.6 cd A−1, and 119.2 lm W−1 with an FWHM of merely 23 nm, representing the best performance for yellow MR organic light‐emitting diodes.
Genomic landscape of pancreatic cancer in the Japanese version of the Cancer Genome Atlas
Authors: Imamura Taisuke , Ashida Ryo , Ohshima Keiichi , Uesaka Katsuhiko , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Ohnami Sumiko , Nagashima Takeshi , Yamaguchi Ken
Published: November 2022

Background

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive cancers worldwide. Although many studies have investigated genomic alterations, the genomic landscape of Japanese PC patients has not been fully elucidated.

Methods

We used whole‐exome sequencing, cancer gene panel deep‐sequencing, and microarray gene expression profiling data derived from the Japanese version of the Cancer Genome Atlas (JCGA) in 93 PC cases.

Results

Somatic driver mutations were identified in 65.6% of samples in 19 genes. The median tumor mutation burden (TMB) value was 0.24 Muts/Mb (interquartile range, 0.15–0.64 Muts/Mb). The commonly mutated genes wereKRAS(58%),TP53(40%),CDKN2A(10%), SMAD4 (10%),FGFR2(9%), andPKHD1(9%). Frequent germline variation genes wereBRCA1(8%),CDH1(5%),MET(5%),MSH6(5%), andTEK(5%). Frequent chromosomal arm alterations included copy number gains in 2q (42%), 7q (24%), and 3q (24%), and copy number losses in 19p (62%), 19q (47%), 12q (34%), and 7q (30%). A prognostic analysis according to the presence of driver mutations showed that overall survival (OS) in the driver mutation‐positive group was significantly worse in comparison to that of the driver mutation‐negative group (median, 23.1 vs 46.7 mo;P = .010). A Cox proportional hazards analysis for OS identified driver mutation (hazard ratio [HR], 1.89;P = .025) and lymph node metastasis (HR, 3.27;P = .002) as independent prognostic factors.

Conclusion

The present results from the JCGA dataset constitute a fundamental resource for genomic medicine for PC patients, especially in Japan.
Coordination of trunk motion during bipedal walking in the frontal plane: A comparison between Homo sapiens, Macaca fuscata, and an exploratory study on a gibbon
Authors: Kinoshita Yuki , Goto Ryosuke , Nakano Yoshihiko , Hirasaki Eishi
Published: November 2022

Objectives

In human walking, the pelvis lists toward the swing side during the support phase while the thorax lists toward the stance side. In contrast, during bipedal walking in chimpanzees, both the pelvis and thorax list toward the stance side during the support phase, making their body mass oscillation larger than that in humans. However, aside from a few reports on chimpanzees and macaques, studies on the relationship between trunk movements and step width during bipedal walking in nonhuman primates are limited.

Materials and Methods

We collected three‐dimensional trunk kinematic data during bipedal walking in five humans and five Macaca fuscata. While walking, the positions of cluster markers, which defined trunk segments, were recorded by multiple video cameras. Segmental xyz coordinates were digitized, and frontal rotations and translations were calculated using motion analysis software.

Results

The kinematic approximation of the safety ratio, which is the center of mass motion relative to the step width, was similar in all species. Nevertheless, the relationship between intratrunk movements and step width varied among the species.

Discussion

Our results support the hypothesis that trunk movement in the frontal plane in humans is unique among anthropoid primates. Because the safety ratio is within a similar range, regardless of habitual or facultative bipeds, this further supports the use of fossil footprints to estimate the center of mass motion.
A low‐cost high‐throughput phenotyping system for automatically quantifying foliar area and greenness
Authors: Thrash Tyler , Lee Hansol , Baker Robert L.
Published: November 2022

Premise

With modern advances in genetic sequencing technology, plant phenotyping has become a substantial bottleneck in crop improvement programs. Traditionally, researchers have manually measured phenotypic traits to help determine genotype–phenotype relationships, but manual measurements can be time consuming and expensive. Recently, automated phenotyping systems have increased the spatial and temporal density of measurements, but most of these systems are extremely expensive and require specialized expertise. In the present paper, we develop and validate a low‐cost, scalable, high‐throughput phenotyping (HTP) system for automating the measurement of foliar area and greenness.

Methods

During a greenhouse experiment on the effects of abiotic stress on Brassica rapa, we collected images of hundreds of plants every hour for over a month with a system that cost approximately US$1000.

Results

In comparison with manually acquired images, this HTP system was able to produce similar estimates of foliar area and greenness, developmental trends, and treatment effects. Foliar area was correlated between the two image sets, but greenness was not.

Discussion

These findings highlight the potential of HTP systems built from low‐cost hardware and freely available software. Future work can use this system to investigate genotype–environment interactions and the genetic loci underlying morphological changes resulting from abiotic stress.
Efficient imaging and computer vision detection of two cell shapes in young cotton fibers
Authors: Graham Benjamin P. , Park Jeremy , Billings Grant T. , Hulse‐Kemp Amanda M. , Haigler Candace H. , Lobaton Edgar
Published: November 2022

Premise

The shape of young cotton (Gossypium) fibers varies within and between commercial cotton species, as revealed by previous detailed analyses of one cultivar ofG. hirsutumand one ofG. barbadense. Both narrow and wide fibers exist inG. hirsutumcv. Deltapine 90, which may impact the quality of our most abundant renewable textile material. More efficient cellular phenotyping methods are needed to empower future research efforts.

Methods

We developed semi‐automated imaging methods for young cotton fibers and a novel machine learning algorithm for the rapid detection of tapered (narrow) or hemisphere (wide) fibers in homogeneous or mixed populations.

Results

The new methods were accurate for diverse accessions ofG. hirsutumandG. barbadenseand at least eight times more efficient than manual methods. Narrow fibers dominated in the threeG. barbadenseaccessions analyzed, whereas the threeG. hirsutumaccessions showed a mixture of tapered and hemisphere fibers in varying proportions.

Discussion

The use or adaptation of these improved methods will facilitate experiments with higher throughput to understand the biological factors controlling the variable shapes of young cotton fibers or other elongating single cells. This research also enables the exploration of links between early cell shape and mature cotton fiber quality in diverse field‐grown cotton accessions.
The freedom to teach (at the best)
Authors: Hortsch Michael , Rompolski Krista
Published: December 2022

Over the past decades, biomedical education has changed considerably, mostly by the introduction of novel didactic strategies, as well as the addition of technology. As a consequence, the centuries‐old lecture‐style presentation has come under criticism for providing only a one‐directional transfer of information. However, the delivery of traditional lectures has also seen considerable changes such as the use of Microsoft PowerPoint slides which can be projected and serve as lecture handouts to learners. Electronic technologies and the internet now allow for the permanent recording of lectures and the distribution of video recordings to students who are unable or choose not to attend lectures in person. This off‐site consumption of lecture presentations can either be synchronous or, if the recorded videos are made available online, asynchronous. At the beginning of the Covid‐19 pandemic, most schools were forced to change all lecture‐style instruction to an online format. With students returning to classroom teaching, schools, and educators have to make a decision whether to offer online lecture recordings permanently, reintroduce in‐person lecture presentations, or compromise on a combination of both. Each solution has its own advantages and disadvantages, some of which are discussed in this article. However, there appears to be no single ‘best solution’ to serve all learners, educators, and educational needs.
The Effect of Hydrogenation on the Contest between Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity in Norcorrole
Authors: Karadakov Peter B. , Riley Tom
Published: November 2022

Magnetic shielding studies demonstrate that successive hydrogenation of NiII norcorrole (NiNc), a stable molecule combining aromatic and antiaromatic features, first weakens and then eliminates the central antiaromatic region, even though the NiNc antiaromatic “core”, a 14‐membered conjugated cycle with 16 π electrons, is formally preserved throughout the H2NiNc−H8NiNc series. The differences between aromatic and non‐aromatic isotropic shielding distributions and nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) values in these hydrogenated porphyrin analogues are highlighted by comparing the results for the members of the H2NiNc−H8NiNc series to those for the aromatic NiII porphyrin complex. The results strongly support the unexpected and counterintuitive conclusion that H8NiNc will be nonaromatic, without even a trace of antiaromaticity. Based on these findings, H8NiNc is predicted to be the most stable member of the H2NiNc−H8NiNc series.
A hyperbolic divergence based nonparametric test for two‐sample multivariate distributions
Authors: Wang Roulin , Fan Wei , Wang Xueqin
Published: November 2022

Two‐sample hypothesis testing, as a fundamental problem in statistical inference, seeks to detect the difference between two probability measures and has numerous real‐world applications. Current test procedures for multivariate two‐sample problems typically rely on angles and lengths in a Euclidean space, or lengths in a unit hypersphere after representing data with the spherical model. This article introduces a hyperbolic divergence based on hyperbolic lengths in hyperbolic geometry, as well as a subsequent nonparametric approach to testing the multivariate two‐sample problem. We investigate the properties of our test procedure and discover that our hyperbolic divergence statistic is strongly consistent and consistent against all other alternatives; we also demonstrate that its limit distribution is an infinite mixture of distributions under the null hypothesis and a normal distribution under the alternative hypothesis. To calculate the ‐value, we employ the permutation method. Furthermore, in numerical studies, we compare our method with several nonparametric procedures under various distributional assumptions and alternatives. We discover that our test procedure has some advantages when the distributions' complex correlation structures differ. Finally, we examine one real data set to show how our method can be used to test two‐sample heterogeneity.
Microreactor Technology: Identifying Focus Fields and Emerging Trends by Using CiteSpace II
Authors: Yang Lin , Sun Yutao , Zhang Lijing
Published: November 2022

Microreactors have gained widespread attention from academia and industrial researchers due to their exceptionally fast mass and heat transfer and flexible control. In this work, CiteSpace software was used to systematically analyze the relevant literature to gain a comprehensively understand on the research status of microreactors in various fields. The results show that the research depth and application scope of microreactors are continuing to expand. The top 10 most popular research fields are photochemistry, pharmaceutical intermediates, multistep flow synthesis, mass transfer, computational fluid dynamics, μ‐TAS (micro total analysis system), nanoparticles, biocatalysis, hydrogen production, and solid‐supported reagents. The evolution trends of current focus areas are examined, including photochemistry, mass transfer, biocatalysis and hydrogen production and their milestone literature is analyzed in detail. This article demonstrates the development of different fields of microreactors technology and highlights the unending opportunities and challenges offered by this fascinating technology.
Expanding the therapeutic options for Candida infections using novel inhibitors of secreted aspartyl proteases
Authors: Chakraborty Shuvechha , Rahate Kshitija , Kumar Chandan , Idicula‐Thomas Susan
Published: November 2022

For widening the therapeutic options for Candida management, the druggability of Candida proteome was systematically investigated using an innovative pipeline of high‐throughput data mining algorithms, followed by in vitro validation of the observations. Through this exercise, HIV‐1 protease was found to share structural similarity with secreted aspartyl protease‐3 (SAP3), a virulence protein of Candida. Using the molecular fingerprint of HIV‐1 protease inhibitor GRL‐09510, we performed virtual screening of peptidomimetic library followed by high‐precision docking and MD simulations for discovery of SAP inhibitors. Wet‐lab validation of the four shortlisted peptidomimetics revealed that two molecules, when used in combination with fluconazole, could significantly reduce the dosage of fluconazole required for 50% inhibition of Candida albicans. The SAP inhibitory activity of these peptidomimetics was confirmed through SAP assays and found to be on par with pepstatin A, a known peptidomimetic inhibitor of aspartyl proteases.
Emergence of spatially structured populations by area‐concentrated search
Authors: Chaianunporn Thotsapol , Hovestadt Thomas
Published: December 2022

The idea that populations are spatially structured has become a very powerful concept in ecology, raising interest in many research areas. However, despite dispersal being a core component of the concept, it typically does not consider the movement behavior underlying any dispersal. Using individual‐based simulations in continuous space, we explored the emergence of a spatially structured population in landscapes with spatially heterogeneous resource distribution and with organisms following simple area‐concentrated search (ACS); individuals do not, however, perceive or respond to any habitat attributes per se but only to their foraging success. We investigated the effects of different resource clustering pattern in landscapes (single large cluster vs. many small clusters) and different resource density on the spatial structure of populations and movement between resource clusters of individuals. As results, we found that foraging success increased with increasing resource density and decreasing number of resource clusters. In a wide parameter space, the system exhibited attributes of a spatially structured populations with individuals concentrated in areas of high resource density, searching within areas of resources, and “dispersing” in straight line between resource patches. “Emigration” was more likely from patches that were small or of low quality (low resource density), but we observed an interaction effect between these two parameters. With the ACS implemented, individuals tended to move deeper into a resource cluster in scenarios with moderate resource density than in scenarios with high resource density. “Looping” from patches was more likely if patches were large and of high quality. Our simulations demonstrate that spatial structure in populations may emerge if critical resources are heterogeneously distributed and if individuals follow simple movement rules (such as ACS). Neither the perception of habitat nor an explicit decision to emigrate from a patch on the side of acting individuals is necessary for the emergence of such spatial structure.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of 2‐Aryl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazoles with 1,4‐Quinones through C−H Activation
Authors: Siva Sankaram G. , Sridhar B. , Subba Reddy B. V.
Published: November 2022

Rh(III) catalyzed oxidative annulation of 2‐aryl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazoles with 1,4‐quinones has been achieved for the synthesis of a novel class of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐f]phenanthridine‐1,4‐dione frameworks through a sequential C−C and C−N bond formations in a single‐step operation. This is the first report on the oxidative annulation of 2‐aryl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazoles with 1,4‐quinones to produce highly functionalized phenanthridine‐1,4‐dione derivatives.
Effect of changing injection pressure on mahua oil‐based biodiesel combustion with blended Al2O3 nanoparticles on CI engine performance and emission parameters
Authors: Kambala Simhadri , Potnuru Srinivasa Rao , Paswan Mani Kant
Published: November 2022

Alternative fuels have drawn a lot of interest as oil and gas sources have depleted and environmental concerns have grown. An alternative fuel being researched as a potential replacement for fossil fuels is biodiesel. A 5.2 KW, 4‐stroke, single‐cylinder diesel engine's Performance, combustion, and emission characteristics were evaluated in this study at 1500 rpm with various fuel injection pressures (180, 200, 220, and 240 bar). B20 (80 percent diesel and 20 percent mahua biodiesel) was created by blending mahua oil‐based biodiesel with plain diesel at a 20/80 ratio. Al2O3 nanoparticles were then added at four different quantities, including 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. It is found that BTE was improved by 6.1% and BSFC was reduced by 2.5% for B20A25over diesel at the FIP of 220 bar. In‐cylinder pressure was higher and HRR was raised by 7.2% for B20A25compared to diesel at 180 bar. CO emission was reduced by 39% in B20A25 when compared to biodiesel blend at 180 bar. When compared to diesel at 180 bar, B20A25's HC and CO2 emissions were reduced by 7.5% and 4.5%, respectively. Smoke for B20A25 at 240 bar was 3.6 percent lower than diesel. Maximum NOx emissions reduction was seen when Al2O3 nanoparticles were added to the blend at 220 bar FIP.
Optimal parameters identification strategy of a lead acid battery model for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Achaibou Nadia , Ferahtia Seydali , Djerioui Ali , Chouder Aissa , Rezk Hegazy , Houari Azeddine
Published: November 2022

Extracting the parameters of a lead‐acid battery under real‐world operating conditions is a significant part of solar photovoltaic (PV) engineering. Usually, the battery management system handles the battery system based on its model. However, its model's parameters can change due to its electrochemical nature. Hence, enhancing the model parameters' accuracy is required to achieve a reliable and accurate model. This research employs an improved methodology for extracting lead‐acid battery data outdoors. The suggested method combines numerical and analytical formulations of parametric battery models for solar PV energy storage. The Shepherd model, which considers the battery's non‐linear properties, is selected in this paper. Based on a modern meta‐heuristic marine predator algorithm, the parameters of two solar lead‐acid batteries are discovered using an optimal parameter identification technique (MPA). The MPA exhibits its capability in terms of fast convergence and accuracy. The acquired test results are compared to those produced by the salp swarm algorithm, artificial eco‐system optimizer, hunger games search, a new optimization meta‐heuristic method that inspires the behavior of the swarm of birds called COOT, and honey badger algorithm in terms of efficiency, convergence speed, and identification accuracy. The findings demonstrated that the MPA outperformed the other optimizers in identifying ability. This optimizer achieved 99.99% identification efficiency for both Bergan and Banner battery types, making it an excellent battery identification option.
An overview of frequency‐based power split strategies in electric vehicles with battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system
Authors: Çorapsız Muhammed Reşit , Kahveci Hakan
Published: November 2022

Energy management in hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) consisting of battery and supercapacitor packages has an essential role in the efficient and safe use of energy storage devices. In the mentioned HESSs, with frequency separation‐based energy management, the source with slow dynamics (eg, batteries) is supported by other sources with fast dynamics (eg, supercapacitors). To realize power sharing in the battery/supercapacitor HESS, the load current is divided into low‐ and high‐frequency components and supplied/allocated from energy storage devices. This review touches on the historical development of electric vehicles and includes extensive information about the battery and supercapacitor. It also comprehensively analyzes frequency separation‐based power allocation strategies for battery/supercapacitors HESS. These strategies were investigated in detail regarding their features, advantages, and restrictions. In addition, interconnection circuit topologies and control techniques used in frequency‐based power allocation were explained comprehensively. As a result, this study will serve as a guide on frequency‐based power separation principles in HESS.
Biocultural perspectives of infectious diseases and demographic evolution: Tuberculosis and its comorbidities through history
Authors: van Doren Taylor P.
Published: November 2022

Anthropologists recognize the importance of conceptualizing health in the context of the mutually evolving nature of biology and culture through the biocultural approach, but biocultural anthropological perspectives of infectious diseases and their impacts on humans (and vice versa) through time are relatively underrepresented. Tuberculosis (TB) has been a constant companion of humans for thousands of years and has heavily influenced population health in almost every phase of cultural and demographic evolution. TB in human populations has been dramatically influenced by behavior, demographic and epidemiological shifts, and other comorbidities through history. This paper critically discusses TB and some of its major comorbidities through history within a biocultural framework to show how transitions in human demography and culture affected the disease‐scape of TB. In doing so, I address the potential synthesis of biocultural and epidemiological transition theory to better comprehend the mutual evolution of infectious diseases and humans.
School staff responses to student reports of bullying: A scoping review
Authors: Gizzarelli Emily , Burns Sharyn , Francis Jacinta
Published: November 2022

Issue addressed

Bullying in schools has been associated with poor academic and mental health outcomes in students. While students are often encouraged to report bullying incidents to school staff, some students avoid reporting incidents as they lack faith in staff members' ability to intervene. This scoping review explored what is known about: staff responses to student reports of bullying; individual and school factors influencing staff responses; and strategies to improve staff responses when students report bullying incidents.

Methods

Articles published between 2000 and 2021 were identified from six databases: ProQuest, EMBASE, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus and Taylor & Francis.

Results

Fifteen studies were included in the final review. Three studies explored staff responses to student reports of bullying, while 12 studies examined responses to observed or hypothetical bullying incidents. Staff responses to student reports of bullying included no response, as well as responses addressing bullying targets, perpetrators, peers, and the school and wider community. Staff preparedness was a predictor of staff involvement following bullying incidents. Strategies to improve staff responses included whole‐school antibullying programs and training to increase staff efficacy.

Conclusions

Few studies have examined real‐life responses to student reports of bullying, with most addressing staff responses to hypothetical bullying incidents. Professional development and preservice education for school staff should address responses to student reports of bullying.

So what?

Further research is needed to understand staff responses to real‐life student reports of bullying. Addressing individual and school factors influencing staff responses may ultimately prevent bullying behaviour in schools.
Digital light processing‐based multi‐material bioprinting: Processes, applications, and perspectives
Authors: Wu Yang , Su Hao , Li Ming , Xing Huayang
Published: November 2022

In the past decade, three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology based on digital light processing (DLP) has developed rapidly and shown application prospects in several fields such as pneumatic robotics, flexible electronics, and tissue engineering. In particular, DLP‐based multi‐material printing has been capable of constructing heterogeneous 3D structures with characteristic gradients. DLP 3D printing technology has a wide range of applications in the field of bioprinting due to its high precision and mild printing conditions, including functionalized artificial tissues, medical models, and bioreactors. This paper focuses on the development of DLP‐based multi‐material 3D printing technology and its applications in the field of bioprinting, followed by giving an outlook on future efforts on overcoming the challenges and obstacles of this promising technique.
An AS‐qPCR‐based method for the detection of Alzheimer's disease‐related SNPs
Authors: Chen Jing , Shi Bingjie , Li Yihao , Feng Yaru , Ni Jingnian , Shi Jing , Luo Chenyi , Wang Jianxun , Tian Jinzhou
Published: November 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most serious neurodegenerative diseases in the world and has a strong genetic predisposition. At present, there is still no effective method for the early diagnosis and prevention of AD. Accumulating evidence shows the association of several loci with AD risk, such as apolipoprotein E (APOE) and translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOMM40). However, for routine disease diagnosis in clinics, genotype detection methods based on gene sequencing technology are time‐consuming and excessively costly. Thus, in this study, we developed a high‐sensitivity, low‐cost, and convenient single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection assay method based on allele‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (AS‐qPCR) technology, which can be used to determine the SNP genotype in APOE and TOMM40. A total of 40 patients were recruited from the outpatient department of the memory clinic of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The SNP detection assay method includes three steps. First, positive plasmids with different genotypes (TT/CC/TC) in APOE rs429358, rs7412, and TOMM40 rs11556505 were prepared. Second, 3′‐T/3′‐C primers were designed to amplify these positive plasmids for each SNP site. Finally, we calculated the log10 of the copy number ratio for each positive plasmid, and the genotype interpretation interval was established. Based on this method, we investigated whether the SNPs in 40 patients could be accurately calculated using AS‐qPCR technology. The accuracy of SNP detection was verified by PCR‐Pooling sequencing. The results showed that SNP genotypes assessed by AS‐qPCR technology corresponded perfectly to the results obtained by conventional DNA sequencing. We have developed a genotype detection method for AD based on AS‐qPCR, which can be performed easily, rapidly, accurately, and at low cost. The method will contribute to the early diagnosis of patients with late‐onset Alzheimer's and the detection of large clinical samples in the future.
IGF2BP2, an RNA‐binding protein regulates cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by stabilizing SRF mRNA
Authors: Zhou Zimo , Chen Senxiang , Wu Tong , Chen Yifeng , Cao Yuxiao , Huang Ying , Liu Da
Published: November 2022

Osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation (OGD) are regulated by complex mechanisms. The roles in cell proliferation and OGD of RNA‐binding proteins in the insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein (IGF2BP) family remain unclear. To elucidate this, we examined the differential expression of IGF2BP2 in OGD and osteoporosis, and the expression profile of IGF2BP2‐binding RNA in vitro. We screened the GEO database for differential expression of IGF2BP in OGD and osteoporosis, and verified the RNAs interacting with IGF2BP2 via RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing assays. The proliferation and OGD of IGF2BP2‐ and serum response factor (SRF)‐treated cells, and their regulatory mechanisms, were examined. IGF2BP2 was differentially expressed in OGD and osteoporosis. The RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing assay identified all of the RNAs that bind with IGF2BP2, and revealed SRF as a target of IGF2BP2. IGF2BP2 and SRF inhibition impaired MC3T3‐E1 cell growth but promoted OGD. The mRNA stability analysis revealed that IGF2BP2 enhanced SRF mRNA stability against degradation. In summary, IGF2BP2 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for osteoporosis and OGD.