bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cathepsin causal association with pulmonary embolism: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Deng Weiping , Gao Wei
Published: April 2024

Background
Pulmonary embolism manifests with distinct clinical features, resulting from the obstruction of arteries due to the retention of blood clots in the pulmonary artery. This condition exhibits a significant association with cardiovascular diseases. Cathepsin, a protein intricately linked to cardiovascular disorders, plays a crucial role in the degradation of proteins within cells and tissues. Its involvement spans various physiological and pathological processes, including cell signaling, immune responses, tissue repair, and inflammation. Functioning as a protease, cathepsin possesses the ability to cleave protein molecules, influencing protein levels both inside and outside the cell. This regulatory capacity impacts cell function and tissue structure.
Methods
We employed single nucleotide polymorphisms of four cathepsins (cathepsin L1, cathepsin B, and cathepsin D) as instrumental variables, obtained from a comprehensive genome-wide database. Our investigation covered pulmonary embolism. We employed traditional inverse variance weighting (IVW) and other established methods to assess causality while conducting tests for heterogeneity and sensitivity. Furthermore, we conducted a reverse causality analysis using Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the inverse relationship between exposure factors and the outcomes.
Results
The IVW analysis demonstrated that cathepsin L1 was associated with pulmonary embolism with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.179 (95% CI, 1.017-1.367) and a P-value of 0.0028, cathepsin B ,as evidenced by an odds ratio (OR) of 0.972 (95% CI, 0.871-1.084) with a P-value of 0.61 (>0.05), and cathepsin D as indicated by an odds ratio (OR) of 0.990 (95% CI, 0.815-1.202) with a P-value of 0.922 (>0.05), leading to an increased risk in these conditions. Furthermore, there was no correlation found between cathepsin D、cathepsin B and pulmonary embolism.
Conclusions
Our study marks the pioneering application of Mendelian randomization to authenticate the causal links between three cathepsins and the susceptibility to pulmonary embolism. The results indicate a noteworthy protective effect of cathepsin L1 against the risk of pulmonary embolism, positioning it as a promising new biological target for addressing this condition. Importantly, no causal relationship was discerned between cathepsin B and cathepsin D and pulmonary embolism. These findings hold the potential to offer valuable clinical insights and recommendations, shaping the landscape for the development of novel treatments for pulmonary embolic disease.
Efficiency of radiotherapy plus Anlotinib in alleviating edema and increasing radiosensitivity in symptomatic brain metastasis patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Chen Jinmei , Huang Shiqi , Wang Xuezhen , Lan Linzhen , Ma Shuqing , Shao Linglong , Lin Qiaojing , Zou Xi , Zhang Weijian , Hong Jinsheng
Published: April 2024

Background:Patients with brain metastases (BM) often suffer from peritumoral edema. The purpose of study was to assess the effect of anlotinib in alleviating peritumoral edema and increasing tumour regression in symptomatic BM patients during radiotherapy.Methods:The volumes of the tumour (Vt), peritumoral edema (Ve) and whole brain (Vb) were delineated based on brain MRI acquired before and after radiotherapy. The regression rates of Vt, Ve and lesion volume (Vl =Vt + Ve) and the regression percentage of Vl in Vb were assessed 1 month after radiotherapy compared with pre-radiotherapy. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the factors related to the regression rates of Vt, Ve and Vl and the regression percentage of Vl in Vb after radiotherapy.Results:A total of 60 BM patients were included, with 14 in the radiotherapy plus anlotinib group and 46 in the radiotherapy alone group. Compared with the radiotherapy alone group, the combined therapy group had a larger regression rate of Vt (75.8% vs. 60.2%,P=0.043), Ve (88.0% vs. 48.0%,P=0.003) and Vl (79.8% vs. 50.5%,P=0.003) and a better regression percentage of Vl in Vb (9.18% vs. 1.57%,P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that radiotherapy plus anlotinib could promote the reduction of Ve (OR=0.104, 95% CI: 0.020-0.544), Vl (OR=0.220, 95% CI: 0.002-0.238), and regression percentage of Vl in Vb (OR=0.030, 95% CI: 0.004-0.256).Conclusion:Concurrent treatment with anlotinib can further reduce peritumoral edema in the early postradiotherapy period for symptomatic BM patients undergoing radiotherapy.
Exploring the capability of Carbon Sequestration and Biomass generation in diverse Silvipastoral systems across Sindh range of forest division Ganderbal, India
Authors: Rather Tanveer Ahmad , Singh Amerjeet , Mir Arsheed Ahmad , Mughal A. H. , Wagay Oyais Ahmad , Rafeeq Jauhar
Published: April 2024

The present investigation was carried out in Sindh range, Ganderbal forest division in of Kashmir Province to identify variation in different silvopastoral systems (T1-Cedrus deodara, T2- Robinia pseudoacacia, T3- Cupressus torulosa, T4- Prunus arminiaca , T5- Ailanthus altissima, T6- mixed plantations and T7- grassland) in terms of biomass production and carbon stock potential. The maximum value of above ground tree biomass (80.57 t ha-1), belowground tree biomass (20.14 t ha-1) and total tree biomass (100.70 t ha-1) was recorded in Ailanthus altissima stand and follows the trend T5>T1>T3>T2>T6>T4. In case of shrubs, the maximum value of aboveground, belowground and total shrub biomass (4.17 t ha-1, 1.75 t ha-1 and 5.92 t ha-1respectivey) was found in grassland and minimum values were found under cedrus deodara stand, as it contains only one shrub i.e. Berberis lycium. The highest aboveground herb biomass production (13.58 t ha-1) was recorded under T4- Prunus arminiaca, below ground biomass was recorded under grassland with a value of 3.24 t ha-1 and the total herb biomass production follows the trend T4>T7>T5>T2>T3>T6>T1. The total vegetational carbon stock in terms of tons per hectare varied between 8.18 t ha-1 to 52.39 t ha-1 and follows trend: Ailanthus altissima (52.39 t ha-1) > Cedrus deodara (45.13 t ha-1) > Cupressus torulosa (30.44 t ha-1) > Robinia pseudoacacia (22.77 t ha-1) > Prunus arminiaca (13.90 t ha-1) > T7- grassland (9.68 t ha-1) > mixed stand (8.18 t ha-1).
A Single-Center, open label, Randomized, Controlled Study of Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate in the Treatment of Low Risk PLA 2 R-Associated Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Mei Mei , Zeng Jun , Liu Zhengyang , Gong Li , Fang Li , Hu Quan , Huang Shaofen , Chai Liyin , Chen Xinqing , Sun Haili , Xiang Sha , Wen Chaolin , Shen Bingbing
Published: April 2024

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) in the treatment of low risk phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R)-associated membranous nephropathy (MN).
Methods: A total of 110 patients with low risk PLA2R-associated MN were included in the study. Patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were assigned randomly to two groups: the HCQ treatment group and the control group. The control group was given adequate support treatment according to the guidelines, while the HCQ treatment group was given HCQ on the basis of support treatment. The clinical data of the patients were analyzed, with comparisons made at baseline and during the six-month follow-up period. Any adverse reactions were recorded.
Results: The baseline data were comparable between the HCQ treatment group and the control group. At the end of the six-month follow-up period, the reductions in urine protein excretion and serum PLA2R antibody titer were more notable in the HCQ treatment group than those in the control group, with these differences being statistically significant (p<0.05). Compared to the control group, the HCQ treatment group had fewer patients who were converted from low risk to moderate-to-high risk (p=0.084). There were also no severe adverse reactions in the HCQ treatment group.
Conclusion: In patients with low risk PLA2R-associated MN, adequate supportive therapy combined with HCQ is superior to supportive therapy alone in terms of controlling proteinuria, reducing serum PLA2R antibody titers, and lowering the probability of conversion from low risk to moderate-to-high risk. In addition, our study demonstrated that the incidence of adverse reactions did not increase.
Trial registration: This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No.: ChiCTR1900021757，Date of registration: 2019-03-08).
Improved electrochemical performance of Li-excessive LiMn2O4 cathode for secondary batteries
Authors: Park Jongho , Kim Kwang Joo
Published: April 2024

Li-excessive Li1+xMn2-xO4-δ (x = 0, 0.05 and 0.1) thin films were prepared by a sol-gel method where the gel deposit on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate was annealed at 700 ℃ for 6 h in air. The physical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of the thin-film Li1+xMn2-xO4-δ cathodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling test. As a result of XRD analysis, all samples showed a spinel structure without any secondary phase, and the lattice parameter of the Li-excessive samples was reduced compared to the pristine LiMn2O4. The observed high-energy shift of the Raman-active A1g mode for the Li-excessive samples compared to the pristine LiMn2O4 supports the reduction of the lattice parameter. The electrochemical data revealed that the Li-excessive cathodes exhibited better cycling stability than the pristine LiMn2O4 in the 3.5 − 4.5 V range. The Li1.1Mn1.9O4-δ cathode showed a capacity retention about 51.1% after 700 cycles for secondary battery, which is about 26% higher than that of the pristine LiMn2O4.
Long-Read De Novo Genome Assembly of Gulf toadfish Opsanus beta.
Authors: Kron Nicholas , Young Benjamin , Drown Melissa , McDonald M. Danielle
Published: April 2024

The Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta, within the family Batrachoididae, plays an important role ecologically and as a comparative research model. Only 4 genome assemblies are available for Batrachoids, with three being highly fragmentary and not up to current assembly standards. Here we present a new, de novo genome and transcriptome assemblies for the Gulf toadfish using PacBio long read technology. The final assembly is among the largest teleost genomes at 2.1 gigabases. This new assembly improves significantly upon the currently available reference for Opsanus beta with a final scaffold count of 62, of which 23 are chromosome scale, an N50 of 98,402,768, and a BUSCO completeness score of 97.3%. Annotation with ab intio and transcriptome-based methods generated 41,076 gene models. Modeling of gene orthogroup change indicated expansion of many immune associated orthogroups and contraction of olfactory receptor orthogroups. The genome is highly repetitive, with ~ 70% of the genome composed of simple repeats and transposable elements. Satellite DNA analysis identified potential telomeric and centromeric regions. This improved assembly represents a valuable resource for future research using this important model organism and to teleost genomics more broadly.
Identification of MTHFD2 as a Prognostic Factor and Evaluation of its Role in Macrophage Polarization in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma by Pan-Cancer Analysis
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zheng Xinmin , Ye Penghui , Yang Hui
Published: April 2024

The enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase (MTHFD2) in the mitochondrial folate cycle plays oncogenic roles in different types of cancers; nonetheless, the function of MTHFD2 in tumor immunity and underlying mechanisms are unclear. A systematic bioinformatics analysis and lab experiments were conducted to explore the role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Elevated levels of MTHFD2 expression were observed in most cancer types, correlating with a poor clinical prognosis. MTHFD2 was found to influence immune cell infiltration within the TME in diverse cancer types. Single-cell RNA sequencing data from the TISCH database revealed predominant expression of MTHFD2 in macrophages within KIRC tissues. Immunohistochemical staining analysis confirmed the upregulation of MTHFD2 in KIRC tissues, indicating an unfavorable clinical outcome. Multiplex immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated the concurrent presence of CD163 and CD68 in KIRC tissues exhibiting elevated levels of MTHFD2 expression. Co-culture experiments showed that inhibition of MTHFD2 reversed macrophage polarization induced by tumor-associated macrophages in 786-O renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. Furthermore, MTHFD2 inhibition induced G2/M phase arrest in RCC cells. MTHFD2 serves as a prognostic factor and exerts significant influence on shaping an immunosuppressive microenvironment in different types of malignancies, particularly by influencing macrophage infiltration and polarization in KIRC tissues.
Electric Vehicles Limit Equitable Access to Essential Services During Blackouts
Authors: Essus Yamil , Rachunok Benjamin
Published: April 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) link mobility and electric power availability, posing a risk of making transportation unavailable during blackouts. We develop a computational framework to quantify the impact of EVs on mobility and access to services and find that existing access issues are exacerbated by EVs. Our results demonstrate that larger batteries reduce mobility constraints but their effectiveness is dependent on the geographic distribution of services and households. We explore the trade-offs between mobility and quality-of-life improvements presented by Vehicle-to-Grid technologies and the feasibility and trade-offs of public charging infrastructure as a solution to access inequalities. Equitable access to essential services (e.g. supermarkets, schools, parks, etc.) is the most important aspect of community resilience and our results show vehicle electrification can hinder access to essential services unless properly incorporated into policy and city-scale decision-making.
Causal Relationship Between Metabolites and Vasomotor Symptoms in Menopause: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis Study
Authors: Zhongyu Huang , Zipan Lyu , Huazhi You , Yaojuan He , Lijuan Li , Shaonan Li , Feng Shen , Li Yanfang
Published: April 2024

Objective:
Perimenopause represents a critical phase in a woman's reproductive journey characterized by a myriad of challenges, with vasomotor symptoms (VMS) emerging as a significant hurdle. This study endeavors to explore the potential causal associations between metabolites and VMS during perimenopause, aiming to elucidate the biological processes influencing VMS manifestation and inform personalized therapeutic strategies.
Methods:
Leveraging a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, comprehensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets were utilized to discern specific metabolites implicated in VMS etiology adhering to STROBE-MR guidelines. The primary metabolite dataset, derived from the metabolite GWAS, includes genetic association evidence for 486 metabolites across 7,824 individuals. VMS GWAS summary statistics, with 14,261 cases and 77,767 controls, form the basis for causal inference. Rigorous quality control measures ensure the integrity of associations, and assumptions crucial to MR analysis are addressed, including relevance, independence, and exclusion restriction. Protein-protein interaction(PPI) network and enrichment analysis were constructed to explore potential regulatory pathways associated with VMS.
Results:
MR analysis identified 12 metabolites associated with VMS among which mannose, isoleucine, stearate, myristate, ascorbate, 3-dehydrocarnitine, 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate 1 and 10-undecenoate show inverse associations, suggesting potential protective effects. Conversely, inosine, myristate, gamma-glutamyl leucine, glucose, and serine display positive associations, indicating contributory effects in pathogenesis. Biological network analysis elucidated the molecular pathways linking these metabolites to VMS, highlighting the involvement of diverse biological processes such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, lipid metabolism, hormonal responses, and immune modulation. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction networks identified hub genes central to VMS regulation, including MME, CCND1, TNF, ITGB1, PTGS2, HSP90AA1, CTSB, PPARG, PPARA, and CXCL8, shedding light on potential regulatory mechanisms.
Conclusion:
This study highlighted the complexity of perimenopausal VMS and the importance of holistic therapies. Targeted interventions focusing on specific metabolites and pathways served as potential approach for symptom relief. Acknowledging limitations in analyses and datasets, future research should prioritize diverse cohorts to enhance understanding and treatment of VMS.
Causal Associations between Prostate Cancer and Various Hematological Parameters: Insights from Multivariable and Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analyses
Authors: Wei Yirui , Yang Pushen , Wang Hao , Xie Dawei , He Weifeng , Wang Jianwen
Published: April 2024

Purpose This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between hematologic parameters and the risk of developing PCa, employing a rigorous and methodical scientific approach.
Methods We applied genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to conduct both forward and reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses within a two-sample framework. We further undertook multivariable MR analyses to investigate the associations between diverse hematological parameters and PCa. To validate the robustness of our results, we implemented several sensitivity analysis techniques.
Results In our univariable MR analysis, genetically predicted mean corpuscular volume (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.942, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.891–0.996, P=0.035) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (OR: 0.934, 95% CI 0.882–0.988, P=0.018) in red blood cells were associated with a decreased risk of PCa. Moreover, MR analysis revealed that genetically predicted increases in eosinophil count (OR: 1.081, 95% CI 1.005–1.163, P=0.036) and basophil count (OR: 1.235, 95% CI 1.006–1.516, P=0.044) were linked to an elevated risk of PCa (all P<0.05). In the multivariable analysis, we found that basophil count was associated with an increased incidence of PCa (OR:1.432, 95% CI 1.028–1.996, P=0.034). In the reverse MR analysis, we observed that genetically predicted PCa was associated with an increase in neutrophil count (OR: 1.012, 95% CI: 1.001–1.023, P=0.031) and red blood cell count (OR: 1.008, 95% CI: 1.000–1.016, P=0.042).
Conclusion In conclusion, our investigation elucidates the causal associations between specific hematological parameters and PCa. These insights contribute significantly to our understanding of the genetic determinants of PCa and their potential interactions with various hematological parameters.
Healthcare monitoring and Recommendation model: Hybrid Deep learning Enabled Disease Diagnosis Framework
Authors: . Poonam , Mallapur Sujata V.
Published: April 2024

The continuous observation of patients’ health condition as well as monitoring varying crucial symptoms is termed as Healthcare monitoring, which also detect and trace any probable problems. This kind of observation is more crucial for detecting health conditions at early stage especially, recognizing cardiovascular disease in diabetes patient. However, diagnosing cardiovascular disease in diabetes patient is extremely difficult because of the small quantity of labeled data with the prevalence of outliers in the diabetes datasets. This paper proposes a novel healthcare monitoring and recommendation model with hybrid DL based disease diagnosis structure considering the heart disease. The improved z-score normalization is employed to preprocess the input data by scaling the numeric features within a general range. The BWSV-FE based feature extraction process is proposed to extract the entropy features; together with this feature, a raw feature and mutual information features are collected. Subsequently, the hybrid disease prediction model is proposed that includes improved Bi-GRU and LSTM models. Improved Bi-GRU is adopted for efficiently predicting the disease, in which the CCE is updated with the modified MSE loss function by inducing penalty function into this. Moreover, the penalty is computed by employing Gini Index function. Thereby, the hybrid disease prediction model efficiently predicts the diseases’ severity level that aids the doctor for guiding the management of the patients’ health.
The Influence of Professional Identification and Organizational Incentives on Turnover Intentions: A Hierarchical Linear Model in Beijing's Family Doctors
Authors: Zhai Ziyan , Cui Chengsen , Meng Kai
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The high turnover intentions among family doctos (FDs) in China have impacted the stability of teams and the quality of healthcare services in community health centers (CHCs). The factors influencing FDs' turnover intentions include not only individual characteristics but also organizational environmental factors within CHCs. This study aims to explore the mechanism of the impact of FDs' professional identification and organizational incentives on their turnover intentions. Methods: This study selected 3 397 FDs from 102 CHCs in six districts of Beijing as the research subjects. Multiple scales were used to quantify FDs' professional identity, turnover intention, and organizational incentives. A Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) was employed to investigate the effects of organizational-level and individual-level factors on turnover intentions and to analyze the interaction between individuals and organizations. Results: The study found that FDs' professional identification has a significant negative impact on turnover intentions (Beta=-0.245, P < 0.001). The level of organizational incentives in CHCs had a significant negative impact on turnover intentions (Beta=-0.175, P < 0.001), and the level of organizational incentives played a significant negative moderating role in the process of individual professional identification influencing turnover intentions (Beta = 0.004, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Enhancing FDs' professional identity can lower their turnover intention, and the impact of personal identity on turnover intention diminishes in institutions with strong organizational incentives. During the training stage of FDs, it is essential to foster a strong personal professional identity value the role of organizational incentives, and optimize the overall organizational environment.
LncRNA MALAT1 regulates lymph node metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer through ceRNA mechanism
Authors: Yang Qiu-hui , Fu Ye-qin , Feng Wei-liang , Yu Xing-fei , Xu Ning , Yang Hong-jian , Zhang Xi-ping
Published: April 2024

Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer, but there are no relevant reports on the mechanism of MALAT1 in TNBC lymph node metastasis. Our study confirms that MALAT1 has a significant impact on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of TNBC cells, and MALAT1 may regulate TNBC cell metastasis through the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism of MALAT1/miR-106a-5p/REEP5 axis. In addition, prognostic analysis showed positive correlation between the expression level of MALAT1 and the degree of axillary lymph node metastasis in TNBC patients. This discovery is expected to provide new ideas for the diagnosis, and prognostic predicting of TNBC.
Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: ZAVARD Guillaume , VERCLYTTE Sébastien , CATALA Martin , AMBARKI Khalid , NORBERCIAK Laurène , CATANZARITI Jean-François
Published: April 2024

Objectives
Zebrafish research highlighted the critical role of cilia-driven cerebrospinal flow (CSF) in spine development, establishing CSF flow irregularities as an underlying biological cause of idiopathic scoliosis (IS). In this study, our objective was to assess and compare the cerebrospinal flow (CSF) of two populations (healthy adolescents and adolescents with IS) in order to detect anomalies similar to those in the animal model.
Methods
We conducted a prospective monocentric case-control study with 6 months of cohort follow-up. We enrolled 34 and 31 adolescents with and without IS, respectively. CSF flow was assessed using a 3T MRI scanner with axial phase-contrast flow sequences at the level of the mesencephalic aqueduct (MA), the 2nd cervical vertebra (C2), and the 7th thoracic vertebra (T7).
Results
Our results revealed no statistically significant difference in the CSF circulation characteristics (stroke volume, flow, velocity) at all three levels between the two groups. In the IS group, there was a positive correlation between the maximum CSF velocity at C2 and the Cobb angle (p = 0.014). There was also a positive correlation between the stroke volumes at the MA and C2 (p = 0.033), and between the CSF stroke volumes at C2 and T7 (p = 0.0012).
Conclusion
Our results revealed no difference in CSF flow characteristics between healthy and IS subjects. Further investigations would be pertinent to clarify the role of cerebrospinal fluid in correct spinal morphogenesis in humans.
A versatile recording device for the analysis of continuous daily external activity in colonies of highly eusocial bees
Authors: Justino Arthur Roque , Hartfelder Klaus
Published: April 2024

As pollinators, bees are key to maintaining the biodiversity of angiosperm plants, and for agriculture they provide a billion-dollar ecosystem service. But they also compete for resources (nectar and pollen), especially the highly social bees that live in perennial colonies. So, how do they organize their daily foraging activity? Here, we present a versatile, low-cost device for the continuous, automatic recording and data analysis of the locomotor activity in the colony-entrance tube of highly eusocial bees. Consisting of an in-house built block containing an infrared detector, the passage of bees in the colony entrance tunnel is registered and automatically recorded in an Arduino environment, together with concomitant recordings of temperature and relative humidity. With a focus on the highly diverse Neotropical stingless bees (Meliponini), we obtained 10-day consecutive recordings for two colonies each of the species Melipona quadrifasciata and Frieseomelitta varia, and also for the honey bee. The data were converted into CSV files, followed by the generation of actograms and Lomb-Scargle periodograms. We found a predominant circadian rhythmicity for all three species, but also indications of ultradian rhythms. For M. quadrifasciata, which is comparable in size to the honey bee, we found evidence for an anticipatory activity already before sunrise, followed by an early morning peak of activity. The cost and versatility of the device and the open-source options for data analysis make this an attractive system for conducting studies on circadian rhythms in social bees under natural conditions, complementing studies on flower visits by these important pollinators.
How to Achieve Government-business Collaboration in Information Technology Industry Policy? From the Perspective on Cost of Equity Capital
Authors: Huang Qiqing , Zou Ying , Zhao Yaxuan
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the impact and the mechanism of the information technology industry policy on the cost of equity capital from the perspective of the government-business collaboration based on the externality theory and soft budget constraint theory. This research selected the Chinese A-share non-financial listed companies from 2012 to 2019 as examples and empirically tests the cost of equity capital effect of the implementation of "Broadband China" policy based on the difference-in-difference (DID) model. The main test shows that the "Broadband China" policy has significantly reduced the cost of equity capital. The mechanism test reveals the function of "Broadband China" policy in optimizing the return, the configuration and the distribution of factors, and reflecting the government-business collaboration effect. Furthermore, the regional economic development, the industry competitiveness and the supply chain conflicts are proved to strengthen the above mechanisms respectively. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of the "Broadband China" policy on the cost of equity capital is realized through the equity investment, positively affected by government-business relationship, and shows spatial aggregation effect. Actually, the digital transformation of the economy, led by the new generation of information technology, now provides the government and companies with opportunities for coordinated development. Therefore, for government, we recommend it to improve the support systems related to the information technology industry and give additional impetus to the development of the digital economy by using the benevolent regulatory measures. For companies, we also expect them to take advantage of the digital economy to achieve sustainable development.
JEL Classification: G12；G32；G38
Effectiveness of Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension for Refractory Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease at 6 months post initiation
Authors: Urabe Naohisa , Sakamoto Susumu , Tokita Nozomi , Yoshida Hiromichi , Usui Yusuke , Shimizu Hiroshige , Sekiya Muneyuki , Miyoshi Shion , Nakamura Yasuhiko , Isobe Kazutoshi , Kishi Kazuma
Published: April 2024

Background
Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS) improved sputum culture conversion rate at 6 months for patients with refractory Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) in an international phase 3 trial. Patient characteristics and chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings associated with ALIS effectiveness are poorly documented.
Objective
This study aimed to clarify ALIS effectiveness for refractory MAC-PD at 6 months, elucidating associated patient characteristics and chest CT findings.
Methods
We reviewed medical records of 12 patients with refractory MAC-PD for whom ALIS treatment was initiated at Toho University Omori Medical Center from November 2021 through September 2022. All patients demonstrated treatment persistence for at least 3 months. They were divided into culture conversion and non-conversion groups using sputum culture conversion status after 6-month ALIS treatment initiation. Clinical and radiological characteristics were compared.
Results
Altogether, 7 of the 12 patients (58.3%) achieved sputum culture conversion within 6 months. The culture conversion group had shorter pre-ALIS initiation treatment duration [21 months (16–25) vs. 62 months (32–69); p = 0.045]; lower cavitary lesion incidence on HRCT (28.6% vs. 100%; p = 0.028); and fewer clarithromycin (CLA)-resistant strains [0/7 (0%) vs. 3/5 (60%); p = 0.045]. Chest HRCT findings improved in 2 of 7 (28.6%) and 2 of 5 (40%) patients in the culture conversion and non-conversion groups, respectively.
Conclusion
ALIS facilitated sputum culture conversion within 6 months in 58.3% of patients with refractory MAC-PD. Effectiveness was potentially higher for CLA-susceptible strains and patients with fewer cavitary lesions. Improved CT findings after ALIS did not always correspond to sputum culture conversion.
Anesthesia Depth Monitoring with Bispectral Index in Spinal Cord Stimulation Device Implantation for Chronic Disorders of Consciousness: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Xuanling , Qin Xuewei , Zhuang Yutong , Li Zhengqian , Liang Zhenhu , Zhang Hua , Yao Lan , Li Xiaoli , He Jianghong , Guo Xiangyang
Published: April 2024

Objective: To assess whether maintaining an appropriate depth of anesthesia using the Bispectral Index (BIS) could enhance outcomes following spinal cord stimulation (SCS) device implantation in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (DoC).
Methods: A total of 103 patients with DoC who underwent SCS implantation were reviewed between January 2019 and December 2021, of whom 83 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were categorized into the BIS group (n = 45) and the non-BIS group (n = 38) based on whether BIS monitoring was used during the operation. Relevant data, such as disease course, cause, anesthesia, and operation time, were collected. Preoperative Coma Recovery Scale—Revised (CRS-R(preoperative)) score, postoperative CRS-R(24h), and postoperative CRS-R(3m) changes were recorded.
Results: The CRS-R(3m) score was significantly higher in the BIS group than that in the non-BIS group (preoperative), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in the CRS-R(24h), the BIS group demonstrated a higher score than the non-BIS group, with a statistically significant difference noted (X2 = 8.787, p = 0.004). When assessing the improvement in consciousness in the multivariate logistic regression analysis model, it was revealed that the thalamus independently influenced the enhancement of consciousness (p < 0.05). Throughout the follow-up, one patient in the BIS group experienced a decline in consciousness from a minimally consciousness state (MCS)- to-vegetative state, whereas two patients in the non-BIS group passed away during the follow-up.
Conclusion: For patients with DoC undergoing SCS implantation under general anesthesia, employing BIS monitoring during surgery to regulate the depth of sedation under general anesthesia can reduce propofol dosage and influence the brain network. Patients can benefit from improved hearing, as observed in the CRS-R(24h). We recommend using BIS to monitor the depth of anesthesia in patients with DoC to enhance overall patient outcomes.
Biochemical, Histopathological and Molecular Characterization of Myxobolus cerebralis Infection in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Zapryanova Dimitrinka , Urku Cigdem , Onalan Sukru , Tsandev Nikolay , Sandeva Gergana , Nikolov Galin
Published: April 2024

Myxobolus cerebralis, a myxosporean parasite, is the etiological agent of whirling disease in salmonids, which is responsible for high mortality and significant economic losses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations. Тhis investigation was conducted to establish the blood biochemical changes caused by M. cerebralis in rainbow trout and fill the gaps from insufficient studies on the changes in blood parameters. Furthermore, the investigation aimed to identify the negative effect of M. cerebralis on some key physiological parameters to monitor its effects on the animal’s metabolism. The infection was confirmed by clinical, histopatological and qPCR screening. Histopathological changes were observed in the vertebrae, brain, gills, eyes, and muscles of the infected fish. The sporoplasm forms of the parasite were detected among the necrotic muscle cells. Mononuclear and eosinophilic cells were determined around ossifying and cartilage tissue of the vertebra; hyperplasia of the retina and cyst-like structures in the brain were also observed. Levels of total protein, globulins, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, and cortisol were greater than normal, while levels of creatinine, uric acid, albumin, calcium, and prolactin were lower than references for the species.
Association between Sarcopenia and the Risk of Depression: the mediating effects of Obesity
Authors: Li Bo , li Xiaotong , Guo Ruirui , Wang Sizhe , Wang Fengdan , Wu Zibo , Zhao Jing , Xin Sitong , Han Yu , Sun Mengzi
Published: April 2024

Background The increased incidence of depression in people with sarcopenia may further increase the disease burden in middle-aged and older adults. We aimed to explore whether obesity factors mediate the associations of sarcopenia with the risk of depression.Methods We included 5341 participants aged ≥ 45 years old in 2011–2012 and followed up until 2018. Sarcopenia consists of three factors as proxies, including muscle strength, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and physical performance. The degree of obesity was reflected by BMI and WC. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the associations between sarcopenia, obesity and the risk of depression. The mediation effects of obesity indicators on the association between sarcopenia and depression were analyzed.Results Compared with no-sarcopenic group, the sarcopenic group had a higher risk of depression (HR, 1.238; 95%CI, 1.091–1.403). Only the interaction between gender and sarcopenia on depression was found in all subgroups. The results showed a significant association between sarcopenia and the risk of depression in the male population (HR, 1.224; 95%CI, 1.007–1.488). The association between sarcopenia and depression was partially mediated by BMI (mediated proportion = 31.81%) and WC (proportional mediation = 20.28%) in the Chinese middle-aged and elderly male population.Conclusion The Chinese middle-aged and elderly male population with sarcopenia had a higher risk of depression, and obesity partially mediated this association. Therefore, we suggested that appropriate weight gain in middle-aged and elderly male population might serve as an intervention to reduce future incidence of depression.
Adoption and Use of a Risk Assessment Tool for Identifying and Controlling the Spread of Candida Auris among Admitted Patients at a Saudi Arabian Hospital
Authors: Alshahrani Fatimah , Elgujja Abba Amsami , Alsubaie Sara , Ezreqat Salah , Albarrag Ahmed , Barry Mazin , Khamis Khalifa Bin , Alabdan Lulwa , Antony Marytonia , Caparoso Jocelin , Adam Samah Mustapha , Faqihi Khalid Waleed
Published: April 2024

Background
The emergence of Candida auris (C. auris), a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, poses a significant healthcare challenge, necessitating robust risk assessment strategies for effective infection control in hospital settings.
Objective
This study aimed to assess and quantify the risk of C. auris infection in a tertiary hospital using an adapted risk assessment tool considering diverse patient factors and hospital dynamics.
Method
The study employed the 'adaptation method,' amalgamating literature review and analysis of individual patient data (IPD) to identify and quantify C. auris infection risk. Utilizing the MRSA risk assessment tool, risk factor information was derived from the literature and adapted based on IPD, ensuring context-specific relevance. The study was conducted in a 1000-bed tertiary university teaching hospital in Riyadh, triggered by the first C. auris case in 2019, covering the period from January 2020 to December 2022. The variables included admission history, comorbidities, multidrug resistant organism (MDRO) history, wounds/devices, surgeries, and antimicrobial use. The inclusion criteria targeted high-risk individuals, and the exclusion criteria focused on inpatients. The screening tool was deployed through a PowerForm in selected nursing units, with rigorous training for nurses and comprehensive data collection, monitoring, and outcome analysis. Robust statistical methods, including multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analyses, were employed to address potential biases and ensure the study's internal validity.
Results
Graphic and clinical findings were analyzed in a cohort of 68,031 patients. Notably, 9% of the patients had identified risk factors, such as septicemia, CKD, DM, or chronic lung disease. Additionally, 7% reported a history of admission to non-KSA hospitals, and 14% had contact with MDROs or ASCs. The overall prevalence of positive responses across the assessed risk factors was 6%, underscoring the relevance of these factors in the context of Candida auris infection.
Conclusion
The overall prevalence of positive responses across the assessed risk factors was 6%, emphasizing the relevance of these factors in the context of Candida auris infection. These findings contribute valuable insights for developing targeted surveillance and preventive measures in the healthcare setting.
A Comprehensive Study of Positive Body Image as a Predictor of Psychological Well-being in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Torres Sandra , Vieira Ana Isabel , Vieira Filipa Mucha , Miller Kylee M. , Guerra Marina Prista , Lencastre Leonor , Reis Ana Catarina , Timóteo Sertório , Nunes Patrícia , Barbosa Maria Raquel
Published: April 2024

Objective
Recent data suggests a close association between positive body image (PBI) and eating disorder recovery. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms through which PBI may facilitate recovery from anorexia nervosa (AN) remain unknown. To advance understanding of these mechanisms, this study examined core indices of PBI within AN, exploring its association with emotion regulation and well-being outcomes.
Method
Data were collected from 159 female participants, 64 with AN diagnosis and 95 healthy controls (HC), who completed measures of PBI (body appreciation, functionality appreciation, and body responsiveness), emotion regulation, and psychological well-being (depression, anxiety, stress, and psychological quality of life).
Results
The AN group reported lower levels of PBI and psychological well-being, along with greater difficulties in regulating emotions, compared to the HC group. All PBI variables displayed significant correlations with the outcome variables. However, in comparison between the groups, body appreciation and functionality appreciation exhibited stronger correlations with psychological well-being in AN participants. PBI variables significantly predicted emotion regulation and psychological well-being in AN, accounting for 36–72% of the variance, with body appreciation emerging as the strongest predictor.
Discussion
These findings lend credence to the view that PBI can serve as a catalyst for psychological health. We hypothesize that enhancing PBI may establish a stronger body-mind connection, fostering interoceptive awareness crucial for emotion regulation and ultimately reducing emotional symptoms and maladaptive food-related coping in individuals with AN.
Zöliakieforschung : eine szientometrische Analyse
Authors:   , Schug Theresia
Published: April 2024

Die Zöliakie ist eine immunvermittelte Systemerkrankung, die durch den Konsum glutenhaltiger Nahrung ausgelöst werden kann. Hierbei spielen sowohl eine genetische Prädisposition als auch verschiedene Umweltfaktoren eine Rolle. Die wissenschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Relevanz der Zöliakie hat in den letzten 25 Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Was man heute über die Erkrankung weiß, ist Ergebnis einer Vielzahl von Studien und Veröffentlichungen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war anhand von szientometrischen Analysen ein umfassendes Bild über diese Forschungslandschaft zu erstellen. Es wurden dabei sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Analyseverfahren zur Anwendung gebracht.
Examining the Relationship between Innovation Activity and Corporate Cooperation among Small and Medium-sized Business Operating in the Slovak ICT Sector
Authors: Korcsmaros Eniko , Machova Renata , Csereova Angelika
Published: April 2024

The innovation process is a key factor in developing and maintaining competitiveness; therefore, the SME sector should focus on innovation as well. Examining the impact of corporate cooperation on innovation activity is a crucial element. The main goal of the research is to assess the innovative activity and corporate cooperation of micro enterprises and SMEs operating in the ICT sector. In accordance with the main goal of our research, a hypothesis was formulated regarding the relationship between participating in formal networks and innovative activity as follows: There is a relationship between innovation activity and corporate cooperation. We use descriptive statistical methods, i.e., unweighted and weighted arithmetic means, as well as a structural analysis method to test our hypothesis. To verify our subhypothesis H (1a), we had to examine the innovative activity of the domestic SMEs participating in the research. According to our second subhypothesis H (1b), we stated that innovative SMEs are more likely to be members of cooperation networks than noninnovative businesses are. The second subhypothesis H(1b) is accepted. However, we could not detect a significant difference or hostile behaviour among the innovative and noninnovative SMEs since both groups of companies participated in co-operation networks at a similar rate, as they were not members of formal co-operation networks. Since our third subhypothesis—the formal network co-operations influence the form of assistance used during innovation activity—supporting the main hypothesis was rejected, the main hypothesis was also rejected. Therefore, a significant relationship can be detected between innovation activity and corporate cooperation among domestic SMEs. Based on data analysis from research carried out at the beginning of 2021, Slovakia was ranked among moderate innovators based on the innovation performance of EU countries in 2019. If more companies were to participate in future research, it might be possible that a connection between corporate cooperation and innovation activity could also be discovered in Slovakia. A proposal was formulated based on the results of the primary data analysis. Since no significant relationship could be detected for these two factors, the obtained research results did not match, and the results were opposite to the results obtained during the Netnes epidemic.
The Impact of Online Advertising on the Store Visiting: Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zouaoui Rim , Hamdi Rabeb
Published: April 2024

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of electronic advertising in Saudi Arabia. The main purpose of this research is to explore the impact of internet advertising on companies’ visits to stores through an exploratory study. The systematization of literary sources and approaches for solving electronic advertising problems indicates that new mediating and moderating variables could have an impact on the relation between Internet advertising and visits to stores. In this research, the disposition to visit the point of sale is assimilated as a mediating construct rather than an implication with the product as a moderating variable. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that this investigation of the consequences of electronic advertising for offline customer comportment in Saudi Arabia is unprecedented research that seeks to address this interesting question. The investigation of the role of online advertising and the impact of mediating and moderating variables on the visit to the store in the paper was carried out in the following logical sequence: the data were collected via an electronic survey. Of the 500 randomly selected Internet users in Saudi Arabia, only 350 responses were valid. This research used a structural equation model and multigroup analysis to examine the direct and indirect influences of variables. This paper presents the results of an empirical analysis that revealed a positive relation between internet advertising and visits to points of sale. The disposition to visit the point of sale mediates the relationship between Internet advertising and concrete visits to the store. The effect of the product moderates the effect of internet advertising on the disposition to visit the point of sale in Saudi Arabia. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that Saudi shoppers fine online advertising to be attractive when this advertising must have some actions and concepts flash. Therefore, Saudi directors should follow this form and use an effective mixture of content and animation. The e-shoppers who are involved are persons who have little engagement; for this reason, they are simply concerned about the tools of the publicity communication.