bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vision, Brain, and Cooperative Computation
Authors: Feldman Jerome , Hayes Patrick , Rumelhart David E.
Published: October 2022

These nineteen original essays present current developments in the exciting field of vision research, stressing contributions from neurophysiology, psychophysics, and computer science. They are unified by the theme of how best to structure the computations for visual systems and are placed in perspective by a major integrative essay provided by the editors.

Broad in scope and packed with useful detail, Vision, Brain, and Cooperative Computation covers the entire range of perceptual experience from sensors to learning. Crossing several traditional disciplinary boundaries, it offers valuable insights into artificial intelligence and cognitive science with diverse and timely essays on visual neurophysiology, visual psychophysics, machine vision and robotics, and connectionism and cooperative computation.

Bradford Books imprint
Exogenous melatonin treatment on post-harvest jujube fruits maintains physicochemical qualities during extended cold storage
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhang Jirui , Ma Qiaoli , Zhang Xaio’ai , Luo Xian , Deng Qunxian
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the visual appearance and physicochemical changes of postharvest jujube fruits (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Shucuizao) stored under 0 °C for 15 days. The fruits were dipped in 0 (control), 50, 100, 200 and 400 µM melatonin solutions after harvest. The results showed that treatment with a suitable melatonin concentration improved the rate of crisp fine fruits, delayed weight loss and firmness decline, and suppressed changes in total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) contents of jujube fruits compared with the control. In addition, jujube fruits soaked with melatonin showed improved antioxidant capacity through increased ascorbic acid (AsA) content, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) content. As a result, 50 µM melatonin showed the greatest improvement of visual appearance and quality maintenance, and could be used as an effective treatment to preserve postharvest jujube fruit.
Coral reef fish assemblages exhibit signs of depletion in two protected areas from the eastern of Los Canarreos archipelago (Cuba, Caribbean Sea)
Authors: Navarro-Martínez Zenaida María , Armenteros Maickel , Espinosa Leonardo , González-Díaz Patricia , Apprill Amy
Published: October 2022

Understanding the impact of marine protected areas on the distribution and composition of fishes is key to the protection and management of coral reef ecosystems, and especially for fish-based activities such as SCUBA diving and recreational fishing. The aim of this research is to compare the ichthyofauna structure in three areas in the eastern part of Los Canarreos archipelago in Cuba with different management schemes: Cayo Campos-Cayo Rosario Fauna Refuge (CCCR), Cayo Largo Ecological Reserve (CL) and non-protected area (nMPA), and considering habitat differences and depth variation. A total of 131 video transects were conducted using diver operated stereo-video (stereo-DOV) in November, 2015 in backreef and forereef along the CCCR, CL and the adjacent nMPA. We recorded 84 species and 27 functional groups suggesting high complementarity of functions. Several multispecies schools were observed along surveys, which explain the biomass peaks in some sites, mainly for Lutjanidae, Haemulidae and Carangidae. A concerning issue was the bare representation of critical functional groups and threatened species. The effect of sites nested within habitats was significant and the most important driver structuring fish assemblages, while MPA condition was not evident. Favorable habitat features (habitat heterogeneity and surrounding coastal ecosystems) are likely enhancing fish assemblages and counteracting the effects of pouching derived from insufficient management. We recommend immediate actions within a strategy of precautionary management including, but not limited to, the appointment of staff for the administration of CL, frequent monitoring and effective enforcement.
Research on the Essentials and Skills of Taekwondo Technical Training
Authors: Zeng Qingguo
Published: October 2022

Research on the essentials and skills of taekwondo technical training is the focus of this paper. Through the aesthetic stage of Taekwondo's aesthetics, it summarizes the aesthetic intuition, aesthetic comprehension and aesthetic transcendence of the aesthetic subject in the aesthetic activities, and what kind of aesthetic function the subject should have in the aesthetic transcendence link. Taekwondo special athletes have relatively stable skills, basic specifications, and have the certain actual combat ability and competition experience. In the special training, it is necessary to combine the characteristics of the project and the specific conditions of the athletes. This paper gives the novel ideas for the efficient training.
Studies on Impact of Processing on Physiochemical and Biochemical Properties of Osmodehydrated Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr.) Cuboid and Its Storage Stability
Authors: Sultana Arjuma , Ghosh Uma
Published: October 2022

Osmotic dehydration of pineapple cuboids were conducted to study the effect of sugar concentration of osmotic solution on mass transfer, weight reduction, vitamin-C, total phenol content and antioxidant property of samples pretreated with steam blanching and microwave heating. As treatment time went on, there was an increase in water loss, weight loss, and solids accumulation. The sample treated with 60°B experienced the highest mass transfer during the osmotic dehydration of pineapple cuboids, whereas the sample treated with 30°B experienced the lowest mass transfer. The pineapple cuboids immersed in 60˚B sugar syrup and dried in a tray drier resulted maximum weight loss. Microwave heated samples dipped in 60˚B sugar syrup showed better retention of nutritive value(total phenol content, vitamin C and antioxidant activity) as well as better color, texture, taste and mouth feel .According to the sensory analysis, the samples treated with 60°B solution received the highest acceptability for color, flavour, texture, mouth feel, and taste. Osmodried samples were stored for 3 months at ambient condition without any adverse effect on sensory and nutritional parameters.
The Architecture of Oligonucleotide‐Polycationic Brush Complexes – A Neutron Reflectometry Study
Authors: Gautrot Julien E. , Chang Lan , Alexis Cardee , Gutfreund Philipp , Zarbakhsh Ali
Published: October 2022

Polycationic brushes are attractive systems for the design of nanomaterials for gene delivery as they enable rational design of their architecture with a broad range of grafting densities, thicknesses, and chemistries. Recently, their performance for siRNA delivery is highlighted and the strong impact of their molecular architecture on RNA binding and transfection efficiency now calls for a greater understanding of the architecture of polymer brush‐oligonucleotide complexes. In this study, the morphology of polymer brushes with a range of grafting densities, thicknesses, and chemistry (weak polybase poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), PDMAEMA, and strong poly(2‐methacrylolyloxyethyltrimethylammonium iodide), PMETAI) and their complexes with 20 base pair siRNA oligonucleotides are first investigated. These assemblies are then studied via neutron reflectometry, building first a model of brush swelling in deionized water, at three different contrasts, prior to the investigation of brush‐RNA complexes. It is found that oligonucleotides infiltrate deep within the brush and alter the morphology of their most basal layer more strongly, regardless of the strength of the polybase. This understanding will enable the improved rational design of polymer brush nanostructures for gene delivery applications.
Multi‐site nerve block catheters for postoperative analgesia in extended scapulectomy and free‐flap reconstruction
Authors: Cowgill A. E. , Womack J. , Powell L.
Published: October 2022

Scapulectomy is performed as a limb‐sparing procedure in the management of tumours of the proximal humerus and shoulder girdle. Analgesic outcomes following this procedure are poorly documented in the literature. In our case, satisfactory analgesia following extended scapulectomy and free‐flap reconstruction was achieved with a combination of multi‐site continuous nerve block catheters and patient‐controlled analgesia, for a patient with chronic pain who had a high pre‐operative opioid requirement. Multiple continuous nerve block catheters were used, including interscalene and paravertebral catheters to provide analgesia for the shoulder resection, with a fascia iliaca compartment catheter providing analgesia to free‐flap donor site on the the anterolateral thigh. These continuous nerve block catheters contributed to effective postoperative analgesia and low postoperative intravenous opioid requirements in this case.
Transesterification of castor oil catalyzed by a fermented solid produced by Burkholderia contaminans using a bioreactor coupled with ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Moreira Michelle Aparecida Coelho , Alnoch Robson Carlos , Luz Junior Luiz Fernando de Lima , Baron Alessandra Machado , Mitchell David Alexander , Krieger Nadia
Published: October 2022

In this work, ultrasound was used to assist the ethanolysis of castor oil in a solvent‐free system, catalyzed by a dry fermented solid containing the lipase from Burkholderia contaminans (BCFS). Reactions were done at 45°C. The maximum conversion in Erlenmeyer flasks was 71% in 96 h, using a loading of 9% (mass of BCFS in relation to the mass of triacylglycerols in the castor oil) and a molar ratio of ethanol:oil of 6:1, with addition of ethanol in 12 steps. In a packed‐bed reactor containing 12 g of BCFS, the conversions were 78% in 48 h, and 83% in 72 h with an ethanol to oil molar ratio of 3:1 and treatment with an ultrasound probe, with maximum power of 500 W, frequency of 20 kHz, and 75% of the maximum power. These results are promising given that, with an ultrasound assisted bioreactor, a higher conversion in a shorter time was achieved, with a lower ethanol to oil molar ratio than was the case in the Erlenmeyer flasks without ultrasound.
Radiographie im Bauwesen – Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Praxis im Rahmen der ZfPBau
Authors: Schulze Sebastian
Published: October 2022

Die Durchstrahlungsprüfung ist in der klassischen Materialprüfung aus guten Gründen seit Jahrzehnten etabliert, bietet sie doch als einziges zerstörungsfreies Verfahren die Möglichkeit einer direkten Bildgebung des Innern von Schweißnähten, Guss‐ und Werkstücken. In der Zerstörungsfreien Prüfung im Bauwesen (ZfPBau) wird das Verfahren bislang nicht systematisch angewandt, obwohl sich dank Weiterentwicklungen insbesondere im Bereich der digitalen mobilen Radiographie viele praktische Einsatzmöglichkeiten anbieten. Qualitätssicherung im Neubau, Schadensbewertung im Bestand oder die noninvasive Untersuchung von Spannbeton und Denkmalschutzbauten – die Palette ist breit gefächert. Mit der Radiographie ist eine eindeutige Abbildung, Vermessung, Tiefenlagenbestimmung und Identifikation von Einbauteilen, Bewehrungs‐ und Spannstahl möglich. Die zielführende Untersuchung von Rissen im Beton oder von Restquerschnitten korrosiver Bewehrung ist ebenfalls denkbar und kann Stoff zukünftiger Forschungsarbeiten sein. Dieser Beitrag umreißt die Grundlagen, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Radiographie im Bauwesen und belegt anhand von Beispielen das Potenzial für den praktischen Einsatz in der Bauwerksdiagnostik.
Optimized decision support for selection of transoral robotic surgery or (chemo)radiation therapy based on posttreatment swallowing toxicity
Authors: Hemmati Mehdi , Barbon Carly , Mohamed Abdallah S. R. , van Dijk Lisanne V. , Moreno Amy C. , Gross Neil D. , Goepfert Ryan P. , Lai Stephen Y. , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Schaefer Andrew J. , Fuller Clifton D. ,   for the MD Anderson Head and Neck Cancer Symptom Working Group
Published: October 2022

Background

A primary goal in transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) survivors is to optimize swallowing function. However, the uncertainty in the outcomes of TORS including postoperative residual positive margin (PM) and extranodal extension (ENE), may necessitate adjuvant therapy, which may cause significant swallowing toxicity to survivors.

Methods

A secondary analysis was performed on a prospective registry data with low‐ to intermediate‐risk human papillomavirus–related OPSCC possibly resectable by TORS. Decision trees were developed to model the uncertainties in TORS compared with definitive radiation therapy (RT) and chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Swallowing toxicities were measured by Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST), MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), and the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory–Head and Neck (MDASI‐HN) instruments. The likelihoods of PM/ENE were varied to determine the thresholds within which each therapy remains optimal.

Results

Compared with RT, TORS resulted in inferior swallowing function for moderate likelihoods of PM/ENE (>60% in short term for all instruments, >75% in long term for DIGEST and MDASI) leaving RT as the optimal treatment. Compared with CRT, TORS remained the optimal therapy based on MDADI and MDASI but showed inferior swallowing outcomes based on DIGEST for moderate‐to‐high likelihoods of PM/ENE (>75% for short‐term and >40% for long‐term outcomes).

Conclusion

In the absence of reliable estimation of postoperative PM/ENE concurrent with significant postoperative PM, the overall toxicity level in OPSCC patients undergoing TORS with adjuvant therapy may become more severe compared with patients receiving nonsurgical treatments thus advocating definitive (C)RT protocols.
Vocal indicators of facilitative interpersonal skills
Authors: Glasgow Olivia G. , Anderson Timothy , Lee Chao‐Yang , Hixson Glynnis , Johnson Ashleigh , Smith Jonnierah , Hill Clara E.
Published: October 2022

The facilitative interpersonal skills (FIS) method uses simulations of difficult client moments as a test of helpers' ability to remain therapeutic in therapeutically stressful situations. A total of 135 participants completed the FIS task as part of a training in helping skills and provided verbal responses that were assessed by trained raters for interpersonal skills. Audio recordings of these verbal responses were then analysed acoustically for fundamental frequency (F0), spectral slope and F0 range. Mean F0 and F0 range were more highly associated with trained raters' ratings of FIS for female participants than for male participants, although F0 range was associated with FIS of both males and females. The results suggest that F0 is associated with FIS for females, especially the FIS items that are indicative of emotional expression and verbal fluency. Findings are discussed as possibly indicating that some expression of higher F0 in response to distressed client situations may be part of interpersonal skills, such that more skilled therapists respond to stressful client situations with a higher F0.
The use of artificial neural network (ANN) in dry flue gas desulphurization modelling: Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) and Bayesian regularization (BR) algorithm comparison
Authors: Makomere Robert , Rutto Hilary , Koech Lawrence , Banza Musamba
Published: October 2022

This research project aims to investigate the efficacy of artificial neural networks (ANN) in mapping dry flue gas desulphurization (DFGD). Bayesian regularization (BR) and Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) training algorithms were used for DFGD modelling. The input layer feed data contained diatomite to Ca(OH)2 ratio, hydration time, hydration temperature, sulphation temperature, and inlet gas concentration, while the output layer metadata were sorbent conversion and sulphation responses. The hyperbolic tangent (tansig), sigmoid (logsig), and linear (purelin) activation functions were compared to ascertain the best network learning model. The number of hidden layer cells also varied between 7 and 10, given the existence of multiple output feed data. BR and LM performance evaluation was based on coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean square error (MSE) mathematical analysis. BR was a superlative training tool compared to LM, with lower RMSE and MSE values. The goodness of fit data for both techniques was close to unity, clarifying that ANN using BR and LM tools can be used to predict DGFD outcome. The shrinking core model was used to analyze the desulphurization reaction and concluding the chemical reaction was the reaction controlling step.
Cervical cancer elimination in Indian context: Moving from barriers to facilitators
Authors: Vikraman Saraswathy M. , Khanna Divya , Dandpat Abhishek
Published: October 2022

It has been 46 years since the launch of cancer control programs in India and yet the recent National Family Health Survey (fifth round, 2019–2021) has reported that just 1.9% of women aged 30–49 years have ever undergone cervical cancer screening. The cost of delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer and its treatment is overwhelming, and the rural population takes the worst hit. It is the need of the hour that the Indian health system and policymakers identify the barriers and facilitators for cervical cancer early detection and provide pragmatic solutions so that the targets of cervical cancer elimination can be achieved in a timely manner.
Macrophage‐derived extracellular vesicles regulate follicular activation and improve ovarian function in old mice by modulating local environment
Authors: Xiao Yue , Peng Xiaoxu , Peng Yue , Zhang Chi , Liu Wei , Yang Weijie , Dou Xiaowei , Jiang Yuying , Wang Yaxuan , Yang Shuo , Xiang Wenpei , Wu Tinghe , Li Jing
Published: October 2022

In mammals, ovarian function is dependent on the primordial follicle pool and the rate of primordial follicle activation determines a female's reproductive lifespan. Ovarian ageing is characterised by chronic low‐grade inflammation with accelerated depletion of primordial follicles and deterioration of oocyte quality. Macrophages (Mφs) play critical roles in multiple aspects of ovarian functions; however, it remains unclear whether Mφs modulate the primordial follicle pool and what is their role in ovarian ageing. Here, by using super‐ or naturally ovulated mouse models, we demonstrated for the first time that ovulation‐induced local inflammation acted as the driver for selective activation of surrounding primordial follicles in each estrous cycle. This finding was related to infiltrating Mφs in ovulatory follicles and the dynamic changes of the two polarised Mφs, M1 and M2 Mφs, during the process. Further studies on newborn ovaries cocultured with different subtypes of Mφs demonstrated the stimulatory effect of M1 Mφs on primordial follicles, whereas M2 Mφs maintained follicles in a dormant state. The underlying mechanism was associated with the differential regulation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) signaling pathway through secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the containing specific miRNAs miR‐107 (M1 Mφs) and miR‐99a‐5p (M2 Mφs). In aged mice, the intravenous injection of M2‐EVs improved ovarian function and ameliorated the inflammatory microenvironment within the ovary. Thus, based on the anti‐ageing effects of M2 Mφs in old mice, M2‐EVs may represent a new approach to improve inflammation‐related infertility in women.
Neutrophil activation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in COVID‐19 ARDS and immunothrombosis
Authors: Cesta Maria Candida , Zippoli Mara , Marsiglia Carolina , Gavioli Elizabeth M. , Cremonesi Giada , Khan Akram , Mantelli Flavio , Allegretti Marcello , Balk Robert
Published: October 2022

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammatory condition with a dramatic increase in incidence since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Neutrophils play a vital role in the immunopathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection by triggering the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), producing cytokines including interleukin‐8 (CXCL8), and mediating the recruitment of other immune cells to regulate processes such as acute and chronic inflammation, which can lead to ARDS. CXCL8 is involved in the recruitment, activation, and degranulation of neutrophils, and therefore contributes to inflammation amplification and severity of disease. Furthermore, activation of neutrophils also supports a prothrombotic phenotype, which may explain the development of immunothrombosis observed in COVID‐19 ARDS. This review aims to describe hyperinflammatory ARDS due to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In addition, we address the critical role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, inflammatory cytokines, and the potential targeting of CXCL8 in treating the hyperinflammatory ARDS population.
A new recurrent pi‐sigma artificial neural network inspired by exponential smoothing feedback mechanism
Authors: Bas Eren , Eğrioğlu Erol
Published: October 2022

Pi‐sigma artificial neural networks have very good performance for forecasting problems because of their highly nonlinear model structure. Some time series can be forecasted better with the combination of simple and highly nonlinear structures. In this study, the architecture of the pi‐sigma artificial neural network is modified by an inspiring exponential smoothing feedback mechanism. The architecture of the proposed neural network automatically balances simple and complex nonlinear model structures. Moreover, a training algorithm is created by using the sine cosine algorithm. The training algorithm has some solutions for overfitting and local optimum problems. The main contribution of the study is to propose a new hybrid recurrent neural network and its training algorithm. In the analysis of the new network's performance, the randomly selected eight subseries of the Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index daily time series between 2014 and 2018 are used. The performance of the proposed method is compared with popular deep learning artificial neural networks, pi‐sigma artificial neural networks, and classical exponential smoothing methods. The statistical results show that the proposed method can produce better forecasting results than the others.
River water temperature demonstrates resistance to long‐term air temperature change
Authors: Worrall Fred , Howden Nicholas J. K. , Burt Tim P. , Hannah David M.
Published: October 2022

Ecosystem health and water quality of rivers are dependent on their temperature. With ongoing human‐induced climate change causing increases in air temperature across the globe, it is anticipated the stream temperatures will rise too—in turn increasing the rates of biogeochemical stream processes and potentially threatening the viability and health of aquatic organisms. To understand the relationship between climate change and stream temperature response, the longer the records that can be analysed, the more the robust the analysis for detecting change. In this study, we analyse records from 263 catchments from across the United Kingdom for 45 years from 1974 to 2019 to assess the link between air temperature and stream temperature change. To give the most precise analysis of these long records, Bayesian hierarchical modelling was used and showed that: (i) The Bayesian hierarchical approach was 59% more precise, that is, reduced uncertainty on long‐term trends, than using simple linear regression. (ii) The increase in annual average air temperature over 45 years across the United Kingdom showed no significant differences between 22 weather stations and gave a 45‐year change of 1.35 ± 0.9°C. (iii) Trends in annual mean stream temperature change varied from −2.3 °C to 2.0 °C over 45 years, with the mean over 263 sites being 0.5 °C over 45 years. (iv) 1% of rivers showed a stream temperature trend significantly greater than the air temperature trend but 3% of sites showed a stream temperature trend significantly lower than zero. (v) 74% of all river sites showed no significant monotonic trend, either positive or negative, in water temperature even after 45 years. The observed declines in stream temperature could be ascribed to the closures of thermoelectric power stations but it is unclear why the stream temperature at some sites has risen faster than air temperature. The study shows that mean river temperature was well buffered against changes in air temperature—a 1°C rise in air temperature giving 0.37°C in mean stream temperature.
A comprehensive review on hydrogel materials in urology: Problems, methods, and new opportunities
Authors: Wierzbicka Adrianna , Krakos Marek , Wilczek Piotr , Bociaga Dorota
Published: October 2022

Hydrogel materials provide an extremely promising group of materials that can find an increasingly wide range of use in treating urinary system conditions due to their unique properties. The present review describes achievements to date in terms of the use and development prospects of hydrogel materials applications in the treatment and reconstruction of the urinary system organs, which among others include: hydrogel systems of intravesical drug delivery, ureteral stents design, treatment of vesicoureteral reflux, urinary bladder and urethral defects reconstruction, design of modern urinary catheters and also solutions applied in urinary incontinence therapy (Figure 4). In addition, hydrogel materials find increasingly growing applications in the construction of educational simulation models of organs and specific conditions of the urinary system, which enable the education of medical personnel. Numerous research efforts are underway to expand the existing treatment methods and reconstruction of the urinary system based on hydrogel materials. After conducting the further necessary research, many of the innovative solutions developed to date have high application potential.
Influence of vitamin D on sarcopenia pathophysiology: A longitudinal study in humans and basic research in knockout mice
Authors: Mizuno Takafumi , Hosoyama Tohru , Tomida Makiko , Yamamoto Yoko , Nakamichi Yuko , Kato Shigeaki , Kawai‐Takaishi Minako , Ishizuka Shinya , Nishita Yukiko , Tange Chikako , Shimokata Hiroshi , Imagama Shiro , Otsuka Rei
Published: October 2022

Background

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient in musculoskeletal function; however, its relationship to sarcopenia remains ambiguous, and the mechanisms and targets of vitamin D activity have not been elucidated. This study aimed to clarify the role of vitamin D in mature skeletal muscle and its relationship with sarcopenia.

Methods

This epidemiological study included 1653 community residents who participated in both the fifth and seventh waves of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Longitudinal Study of Aging and had complete background data. Participants were classified into two groups: vitamin D‐deficient (serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL) and non‐deficient (serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D ≥ 20 ng/mL); they underwent propensity‐score matching for background factors (age, sex, height, weight, comorbidities, smoker, alcohol intake, energy intake, vitamin D intake, steps, activity, season and sarcopenia). Changes in muscle strength and mass over the 4‐year period were compared. For basic analysis, we generated Myf6CreERT2 Vitamin D Receptor (VDR)‐floxed (VdrmcKO) mice with mature muscle fibre‐specific vitamin D receptor knockout, injected tamoxifen into 8‐week‐old mice and analysed various phenotypes at 16 weeks of age.

Results

Grip strength reduction was significantly greater in the deficient group (−1.55 ± 2.47 kg) than in the non‐deficient group (−1.13 ± 2.47 kg; P = 0.019). Appendicular skeletal muscle mass reduction did not differ significantly between deficient (−0.05 ± 0.79 kg) and non‐deficient (−0.01 ± 0.74 kg) groups (P = 0.423). The incidence of new cases of sarcopenia was significantly higher in the deficient group (15 vs. 5 cases; P = 0.039). Skeletal muscle phenotyping of VdrmcKO mice showed no significant differences in muscle weight, myofibre percentage or myofibre cross‐sectional area; however, both forelimb and four‐limb muscle strength were significantly lower in VdrmcKO mice (males: forelimb, P = 0.048; four‐limb, P = 0.029; females: forelimb, P < 0.001; four‐limb, P < 0.001). Expression profiling revealed a significant decrease in expression of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) 1 (P = 0.019) and SERCA2a (P = 0.049) genes in the VdrmcKO mice. In contrast, expression of non‐muscle SERCA2b and myoregulin genes showed no changes.

Conclusions

Vitamin D deficiency affects muscle strength and may contribute to the onset of sarcopenia. Vitamin D‐VDR signalling has minimal influence on the regulation of muscle mass in mature myofibres but has a significant influence on muscle strength.
Feasibility and acceptability of advance care planning facilitated by nonphysician clinicians in Japanese primary care: Implementation pilot study
Authors: Mochizuki Takahiro , Yamashita Daisuke , Miura Chikako , Nakamura Masakazu , Izumi Shigeko (Seiko)
Published: October 2022

Background

Implementation of advance care planning (ACP) is urgently needed in Japan, which is one of the most aging countries. This study tested the feasibility and acceptability of ACP facilitated by nonphysician clinicians, and identified barriers and enablers to implementing ACP into Japanese primary care.

Methods

We trained 10 nonphysician clinicians (seven registered nurses, two medical social workers, and one care manager) in four primary care clinics as ACP facilitators. From April to June 2019, the trained facilitators had 19 ACP conversations with their patients. We conducted semistructured interviews and surveys regarding satisfaction and appropriateness of the ACP with patients, family members, ACP facilitators, and primary care physicians (PCPs) regarding their perceptions about ACP facilitated by nonphysician clinicians. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and interviews were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach.

Results

Majority of patients (75%) and family members (71%) were satisfied with ACP facilitated by nonphysician clinicians. In 71%, ACP facilitators and PCPs thought their ACP facilitation was appropriate and acceptable. Patients stated that they felt comfortable having ACP conversations with nonphysician clinicians. Identified barriers and enablers for ACP included: time restraints, size and organization of the clinics, settings for ACP conversations (ACP at the patient's home), team collaboration, and use of existing system to trigger ACP.

Conclusions

Advance care planning facilitated by nonphysician clinicians was feasible and acceptable in Japanese primary care. Further studies are needed to explore strategies to overcome the barriers and enhance the enablers identified in this study.
Hepatic vein anatomy related to Laennec's capsule for liver resection
Authors: Monden Kazuteru , Ohno Kyotaro , Hayashi Shogo , Sadamori Hiroshi , Sugioka Atsushi
Published: October 2022

Background

Laennec's capsule is the proper membrane covering the entire surface of the liver parenchyma, including around the Glissonean pedicles and hepatic veins. Laennec's capsule around the hepatic veins has been clinically reported to comprise two layers: the hepatic and cardiac Laennec's capsules. However, where the cardiac Laennec's capsule is derived from and the two capsules' separability are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anatomy of the two capsules using cadaveric specimens.

Methods

Histopathological examinations of autopsy specimens from four cadavers were conducted. Each specimen was sliced in the longitudinal section to include the pericardium, right hepatic vein (RHV), and inferior vena cava (IVC). Additionally, long‐axis specimens of the RHV were obtained to determine the separability of the capsules and to examine the extent to which the capsules extended along the RHV. Laennec's capsule was estimated using elastic fiber staining.

Results

The cardiac Laennec's capsule is derived from the pericardium (parietal and visceral) and diaphragm and runs parallel with the IVC and hepatic veins associated with the hepatic Laennec's capsule. The two capsules were separable micro‐ and macroscopically. The hepatic Laennec's capsule was observed from the root to the peripheral side and the cardiac Laennec's capsule from the root to the middle side of the hepatic vein.

Conclusions

The existence of the two layers of Laennec's capsule around the hepatic veins was confirmed histologically and they were separable. Identification and decollement of these layers would contribute to establishing safe and feasible anatomic liver resection techniques.
Hydrogen‐rich water alleviates chilling injury‐induced lignification of kiwifruit by inhibiting peroxidase activity and improving antioxidant system
Authors: Liu Shuang , Zha Zhuping , Chen Shuqi , Tang Rui , Zhao Yaoyao , Lin Qiong , Duan Yuquan , Wang Ke
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Kiwifruit is prone to chilling stress and displays chilling injury (CI) such as lignification; however, the underlying physicochemical mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, the changes in levels of quality attributes, lignin biosynthesis, antioxidant system and sugars were compared in kiwifruit between control and hydrogen‐rich water (HRW) treatments during cold storage for 90 days at 0 °C.

RESULTS

The results reveal that HRW is an effective measure for CI alleviation, as indicated by the decrease in lignification level with repressed peroxidase activity but enhanced polyphenol oxidase activity. The amelioration of membrane peroxidation was suggested by the repressed levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde. They were accompanied by the improvement of antioxidant system, which is supported by the enhancement of sugars including fructose and glucose.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, HRW can enhance chilling tolerance, as suggested by the alleviation of lignification through inhibiting peroxidase activity and elevating the antioxidant system to attenuate membrane peroxidation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bioassay‐guided separation and identification of the anticancer composition from Curcuma longa L. by the combination strategy of methanol gradient countercurrent chromatography and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Lanjie , Yu Yao , Lu Dini , Chen Jiangxian , Guo Jinxing , Liang Junling , Zhang Anling , Yang Zhi
Published: October 2022

In this study, a combined strategy with methanol gradient countercurrent chromatography and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry was introduced for the fractionation and identification of active constituents from Curcuma longa L. The gradient countercurrent chromatography separation was performed using the heptane‐ethyl acetate‐methanol‐water (5:5:2:8, v/v) solvent system, in which the lower phase and methanol were used as the mobile phases. Constituents of turmeric with large partition coefficients were well resolved. Subsequent cytotoxicity analysis showed that the fractions 10, 11, 12, and 15 expressed significantly higher cytotoxicity against B16 mouse melanoma than the other fractions. Four compounds with potent activity, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin from fraction 11 and galanal A from fraction 15, were purified, and the half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations were 18.5 ± 1.3, 7.8 ± 0.4, 20.4 ± 1.3, and 14.1 ± 0.8 μM, respectively. Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry was then applied for compound identification from fraction 10 with constituents in very low content. A total of 14 diarylheptanoids were identified, which are supposed to be cytotoxic constituents. It proved that the strategy based on the combination of bioassay‐guided methanol gradient countercurrent chromatography separation and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry‐assisted peak identification could be an efficient method for natural product screening and new drug discovery.
Shifts in soil prokaryotic and microeukaryotic communities following a translocation of wet meadows to derelict land
Authors: Chmolowska Dominika , Chroňáková Alica , Bahram Mohammad , Zubek Szymon , Tedersoo Leho
Published: October 2022

Human exploitation of natural resources dictates the need for the sustainable use of lands already in use. To combine the conservation of meadows with land recycling, 13,000 m2 of turf were translocated from a built‐up area to an abandoned quarry. Three Molinion meadows were monitored for three seasons—before the translocation and for two years afterwards. The composition of the main groups of microorganisms—bacteria, archaea, fungi, microfauna, and unicellular algae—was examined to check the stability of soil ecosystem. After observing changes in the ratio of ammonia to nitrate in the translocated turf, the bacterial and archaeal ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) copy numbers were quantified. Following the translocation, the α‐diversity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes remained usually similar. The structure of the microbial communities has changed: relative abundance of Acidobacteria (Acidobacteriota) and Mortierellomycota increased, along with fungal saprotrophs, while several other phyla decreased. The number of bacterial amoA gene copies has risen 7‐fold in two years. The slight acidification of the soil had an influence; however, the presumed turf aeration and moisture drop initially impacted the soil communities. In conclusion, turf block translocation preserves diversity. However, cutting turf for transportation followed by dryer conditions at the receptor location lead to a functional switch in microbial communities. Increased activities of ammonia oxidisers and saprotrophs proceeded to nitrification and humus degradation, which may indicate degradation of soil. When translocating wet meadows, it is crucial to ensure the hydrological regime at receptor sites to support long‐term success.
U.S. report decries institutional care of Nevada youths with behavioral needs
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: October 2022

A lengthy federal investigation has concluded that Nevada is operating its children's behavioral health care system in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) by subjecting children to unnecessarily long stays in institutional care. The U.S. Department of Justice's (DOJ) findings will come as little surprise to national mental health advocates who have ranked Nevada at the bottom among states on metrics of children's mental health care.
10‐year‐plus national movement launched to combat MH stigma
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2022

In observance of World Mental Health Day on Oct. 10, more than 175 organization leaders from around the country gathered to announce the launch of “Stop Stigma Together,” a national movement to end the stigma around mental health and substance use disorders. The event kicked off a three‐day summit for organizations representing various industries and sectors to create strategic actions to end stigma.
MH staffing increases could lower suicide among veterans
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2022

Researchers who estimated the effects that changes in the mental health services staffing levels at the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) had on suicide‐related events found that improving mental health staffing could lead to better patient outcomes in this population that they said tends to be burdened with higher rates of suicide than the general public.
In situ detection of spices with medicinal value based on laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Zhou Wentao , Wan Enlai , Tian Dongpeng , Liu Yuzhu
Published: October 2022

It is important to detect and distinguish different spices because spices are widely used around the world. In this study, wormwood, artemisia annua, lemongrass and clove are taken as examples. First, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is applied to detect and analyze the ash of different spice samples in situ. In the spectra of the ash of different samples, some characteristic lines of metal elements are observed, such as Ca, Na, Mg, K, and so on. By comparing the spectra of the ash, the relative intensities of the characteristic peaks are different, which can be employed to identify and distinguish different spice samples. Then, using LIBS combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and error back propagation artificial neural network (BP‐ANN), the model of classification is established to distinguish different spices. In PCA, the dimension of the spectra of the ash is reduced, and the cumulative contribution rate of the first two PCs exceeds 90%. The samples after dimension reduction by PCA are classified by BP‐ANN, and the recognition rate can reach 100%. After 10 cross‐verifications, the final recognition accuracy can reach 85.25%. All of the results show the model of classification has the potential in the field of identification and distinction of different spices.
Knowledge Management in anInformation‐ResilientSociety
Authors: An Lu , Allen Jeff , Hofman Darra , Freeburg Darin , Islam Md Anwarul , Khader Malak
Published: October 2022

The speed of change is increasing at a dynamic pace particularly in the field of information science. While the speed of change is not a variable that can be manipulated, we can begin to harness knowledge management processes and theories to better embrace change and build an information‐resilient society to recover from the damage caused by public crises. The panelists discuss the challenges that the society is facing during a public crisis and the KM needs in the crisis scenarios. Then interact with the audiences to share their thoughts and explore possible knowledge management strategies in an information‐resilient society.
Exploiting Interdisciplinary Research Design for Temporally Complex Big Data: Discussion of aCase‐StudyUsing on Heterogenous Bibliographic Big Data
Authors: Mabry Patricia L. , Martinson Brian , Valente Thomas , Liu Xiaozhong
Published: October 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are valued for their ability to predict outcomes from dynamically complex data. Despite this virtue, AI is widely criticized as a “black box” i.e., lacking mechanistic explanations to accompany predictions. We introduce a novel interdisciplinary approach that balances the predictive power of data‐driven methods with theory‐driven explanatory power by presenting a shared use case from four disciplinary perspectives. The use case examines scientific career trajectories through temporally complex, heterogeneous bibliographic big data. Topics addressed include: data representation in complex problems, trade‐offs between theoretical, hypothesis‐driven, and data‐driven approaches, AI trustworthiness, model fairness, algorithm explainability and AI adoption/usability. Panelists and audience members will be prompted to discuss the value of approach presented versus other ways to address the challenges raised by the panel, and to consider their limitations and remaining challenges.
Turning Filter Bubbles into Bubblesphere with Multi‐Viewpoint KOS and Diverse Similarity
Authors: Zhitomirsky‐Geffet Maayan
Published: October 2022

The filter bubble phenomenon and its negative societal effects have been extensively explored in the literature in the past decade. However, the ability of modern AI‐based systems to create personalized information bubbles, that is, to classify similar contents and users into clusters according to their interests and behavior, can actually be quite beneficial if utilized and managed properly and ethically. In this article we present ongoing research that aims to refine such bubble‐building smart systems by adopting an ethical, multi‐perspective approach that allows for linking isolated bubbles into a consolidated bubblesphere and offering users a choice to explore diverse bubbles related to their topics of interest. To implement the proposed approach, content matching should be based on diverse similarity, which can be derived from a multi‐viewpoint KOS. In addition, the study explores how such a multi‐viewpoint KOS and bubblesphere can be constructed using Wikidata's ranks and qualifiers.
Engagement for Good or Ill: Comparing Characteristics of Co‐Creative and Co‐Destructive Online Communities
Authors: Chen Yimin , Cornwell Sarah, E. , Delellis Nicole, S. , Kelly Dominique , Liu Yifan , Mayhew Alex , Rubin Victoria, L.
Published: October 2022

Highly engaged online communities can be characterized in terms of level of user activity and the valence of those activities. Positively‐valenced communities engage in co‐construction through supportive, uplifting interactions, while negatively‐valenced communities engage in co‐destruction through shared animosity towards outside individuals and groups. Both types of engagement offer prosocial benefits to community members, but this benefit is achieved through antisocial means in co‐destructive communities. This study examines the features of one positively‐valenced and one negatively‐valenced subreddit community to determine if the same engagement factors drive participation in each, and whether these factors may be influenced to promote positive, rather than negative engagement.
Student Internships in the Time of Crisis: How IT Companies Cope with New Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Jakopec Tomislav , Aparac Jelušić Tatjana , Szombathelyi Donata
Published: October 2022

This poster presents findings from a small‐scale study which investigated student internship (hybrid and virtual) during the COVID‐19 lockdown. The study was conducted in 18 Croatian IT companies using semi‐structured interviews. The study tried to answer the following research questions: RQ1: How did local IT companies organise student internships during COVID‐19 lockdown; RQ2: What are advantages and disadvantages of online student internship. The study was conducted within the framework of Erasmus + project DECriS (Digital Education for Crisis Situations: Times When There is No Alternative, 2021–2023). Results of this study showed that the advantages of virtual internships are flexibility, saving time, the possibility for the interns to dedicate themselves to their private and academic obligations, comfort, easier work organization, the possibility of self‐organization and reduced risk of COVID‐19 infection. However, other respondents indicated the following negative sides of virtual internship: the lack of communication among students and mentors, students' lack of opportunity to learn about organizational, business and ultimately the human side of the company.
Envisioning Ethical Mass Influence Systems
Authors: Mayhew Alex , Chen Yimin , Cornwell Sarah E. , Delellis Nicole, S. , Kelly Dominique , Liu Yifan , Rubin Victoria, L.
Published: October 2022

This work envisions the possibility of ethical Mass Influence Systems (MISs). Modern algorithmic MISs, like Facebook and YouTube, have seen a link between the systems design for profit maximization and the increased radicalization of users (Wu, 2017). Using a Goals analysis grounded in philosophy (Falcon, 2022; Lipton, 1990; Bostrom, 2014), we will contrast the goals of existing algorithmic MISs with the goals of a future ethical algorithmic MIS. With the philosophical guidance of the Moral Parliament (Newberry & Ord, 2021) and the Moral Landscape (Janoff‐Bulman & Carnes, 2013), we elaborate on a set of goals and mechanisms for promoting human flourishing via ethical MISs.