bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overconfidence among option traders
Authors: Chen Han‐Sheng , Sabherwal Sanjiv
Published: February 2019

The investor overconfidence theory predicts a direct relationship between market‐wide turnover and lagged market return. However, previous research has examined this prediction in the equity market, we focus on trading in the options market. Controlling for stock market cross‐sectional volatility, stock idiosyncratic risk, and option market volatility, we find that option trading turnover is positively related to past stock market return. In addition, call option turnover and call to put ratio are also positively associated with the past stock market return. These findings are consistent with the overconfidence theory. We also find that overconfident investors trade more in the options market than in the equity market. We rule out explanations other than investor overconfidence, such as momentum trading and varying risk preferences, for our findings.
Altruism and egoism in investment decisions
Authors: Brodback Daniel , Guenster Nadja , Mezger David
Published: February 2019

We provide survey evidence that personal values have an impact on individual investment decisions, in particular preferences for socially responsible investing. Our findings show that there is a positive link between altruistic values and the relative importance of social responsibility. This effect is stronger when individuals believe that they can make a positive social or environmental impact with their investments, or when they feel morally obliged to invest responsibly. If altruistic individuals associate responsible investments with higher returns, it decreases their motivation to invest responsibly. Egoistic values are negatively associated with the decision to invest responsibly, unless individuals associate responsible investing with higher returns.
Preschoolers’ Alphabet Learning: Cognitive, Teaching Sequence, and English Proficiency Influences
Authors: Roberts Theresa A. , Vadasy Patricia F. , Sanders Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2019

In the study, the authors addressed two areas of inquiry: the influence of enlisting three underlying cognitive learning processes in alphabet learning, and order effects for letter name and letter sound instruction. Alphabet instruction was designed to enlist paired‐associate learning (PAL) only, PAL plus orthographic learning, or PAL plus articulatory learning. Subjects were 94 preschool children, including 35 dual‐language learners, in eight public preschool classrooms with low‐income eligibility thresholds. Children were randomly assigned within each classroom to small groups that were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments and to one of two orders in which letter names and letter sounds were taught. Research assistants provided 10 weeks of instruction for 12–15 minutes per day, four days a week. All children in the three treatments made significant growth from pretest to posttest on all measures of alphabet learning. Children in the PAL‐only condition had significantly higher gains than the sample average on four of the five alphabet measures. Post hoc tests showed that PAL only significantly outperformed the other two conditions on four of the five measures but only for native English‐speaking children. No evidence of differences among treatments was found for dual‐language learners. Additionally, there was no main effect for order of letter name or letter sound instruction, although teaching letter sounds before letter names was statistically significantly better in the PAL‐only treatment. Findings support explicit alphabet instruction emphasizing the relation between verbal letter labels and letter forms that enlists PAL processes.
Gene‐based sequential burden association test
Authors: Chen Zhongxue , Wang Kai
Published: February 2019

Detecting the association between a set of variants and a phenotype of interest is the first and important step in genetic and genomic studies. Although it attracted a large amount of attention in the scientific community and several related statistical approaches have been proposed in the literature, powerful and robust statistical tests are still highly desired and yet to be developed in this area. In this paper, we propose a powerful and robust association test, which combines information from each individual single‐nucleotide polymorphisms based on sequential independent burden tests. We compare the proposed approach with some popular tests through a comprehensive simulation study and real data application. Our results show that, in general, the new test is more powerful; the gain in detecting power can be substantial in many situations, compared to other methods.
Urea‐2,2‐dihydroperoxypropane as a Novel and High Oxygen Content Alternative to Dihydroperoxypropane in Several Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Khosravi Kaveh , Naserifar Shirin
Published: February 2019

Urea‐2,2‐dihydroperoxypropane (UDHPP)‐ a white crystalline solid oxidant which is formed when urea is recrystallized from dihydroperoxypropane‐ was applied as the terminal oxidant in several oxidative procedures namely epoxidation of α, β‐unsaturated ketones and alkenes, oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones, bayer‐villeger reaction, bromination and iodation of aniline and phenol derivatives, oxidative esterification, oxidative amidation of aromatic aldehydes, thiocyanation of aromatic compounds, and oxidation of pyridines, oxidation of secondary, allylic and benzylic alcohols. All the approaches were carried out under mild conditions and short reaction times and afforded the corresponding products in high yields.
Water‐Stable Chemical‐Protective Textiles via Euhedral Surface‐Oriented 2D Cu–TCPP Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Lee Dennis T. , Jamir Jovenal D. , Peterson Gregory W. , Parsons Gregory N.
Published: February 2019

Abatement of chemical hazards using adsorptive metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) attracts substantial attention, but material stability and crystal integration into functional systems remain key challenges. Herein, water‐stable, polymer fiber surface–oriented M–TCPP [M = Cu, Zn, and Co; H2TCPP = 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin] 2D MOF crystals are fabricated using a facile hydroxy double salt (HDS) solid‐source conversion strategy. For the first time, Cu–TCPP is formed from a solid source and confirmed to be highly adsorptive for NH3 and 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a blistering agent simulant, in humid (80% relative humidity (RH)) conditions. Moreover, the solid HDS source is found as a unique new approach to control MOF thin‐film crystal orientation, thereby facilitating radially arranged MOF crystals on fibers. On a per unit mass of MOF basis in humid conditions, the MOF/fiber composite enhances NH3 adsorptive capacity by a factor of 3 compared to conventionally prepared MOF powders. The synthesis route extends to other MOF/fiber composite systems, therefore providing a new route for chemically protective materials.
L∞ algebras and tensor hierarchies in Exceptional Field Theory and Gauged Supergravity
Authors: Cagnacci Yago , Codina Tomas , Marques Diego
Published: February 2019

Abstract

We show how the gauge and field structure of the tensor hierarchies in Double andE7(7)Exceptional Field Theory fits intoL∞algebras. Special attention is paid to redefinitions, the role of covariantly constrained fields and intertwiners. The results are connected to Gauged Supergravities through generalized Scherk-Schwarz reductions. We find that certain gauging-dependent parameters generate trivial gauge transformations, giving rise to novel symmetries for symmetries that are absent in their ungauged counterparts.
Vacuum alignment in a composite 2HDM
Authors: Cai Chengfeng , Zhang Hong-Hao , Cacciapaglia Giacomo
Published: February 2019

Abstract

We study in detail the vacuum structure of a composite two Higgs doublet model based on a minimal underlying theory with 3 Dirac fermions in pseudo-real representations of the condensing gauge interactions, leading to the SU(6)/Sp(6) symmetry breaking pattern. We find that, independently on the source of top mass, the most general CP-conserving vacuum is characterised by three non-vanishing angles. A special case occurs if the Yukawas are aligned, leading to a single angle. In the latter case, a Dark Matter candidate arises, protected by a global U(1) symmetry.
Combining texture zeros with a remnant CP symmetry in the minimal type-I seesaw
Authors: Barreiros D. M. , Felipe R. G. , Joaquim F. R.
Published: February 2019

Abstract

In the framework of the two right-handed neutrino seesaw model, we consider maximally-restrictive texture-zero patterns for the lepton Yukawa coupling and mass matrices, together with the existence of a remnant CP symmetry. Under this premise, we find that several textures are compatible with the most recent data coming from neutrino oscillation and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. It is shown that, the maximum number of allowed texture zeros in the Dirac Yukawa coupling matrix is two, for an inverted neutrino mass spectrum. In contrast, for Yukawa coupling matrices with just one texture zero, both normal and inverted orderings of neutrino masses are compatible with data. In all cases, the predictions for the low-energy Dirac and Majorana CP-violating phases, and for the effective mass parameter relevant in neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments, are presented and discussed. We also comment on the impact of future experimental improvements in scrutinising texture-zero patterns with a remnant CP symmetry, within the minimal version of the seesaw mechanism considered here.
Spatially isotropic homogeneous spacetimes
Authors: Figueroa-O’Farrill José , Prohazka Stefan
Published: February 2019

Abstract

We classify simply-connected homogeneous (D +1)-dimensional spacetimes for kinematical and aristotelian Lie groups with D-dimensional space isotropy for all D ≥ 0. Besides well-known spacetimes like Minkowski and (anti) de Sitter we find several new classes of geometries, some of which exist only for D = 1, 2. These geometries share the same amount of symmetry (spatial rotations, boosts and spatio-temporal translations) as the maximally symmetric spacetimes, but unlike them they do not necessarily admit an invariant metric. We determine the possible limits between the spacetimes and interpret them in terms of contractions of the corresponding transitive Lie algebras. We investigate geometrical properties of the spacetimes such as whether they are reductive or symmetric as well as the existence of invariant structures (riemannian, lorentzian, galilean, carrollian, aristotelian) and, when appropriate, discuss the torsion and curvature of the canonical invariant connection as a means of characterising the different spacetimes.
Chromosomes in the DNA era: Perspectives in diagnostics and research
Authors: Weise Anja , Mrasek Kristin , Pentzold Constanze , Liehr Thomas
Published: February 2019

Chromosomes were discovered more than 130 years ago. The implementation of chromosomal investigations in clinical diagnostics was fueled by determining the correct number of human chromosomes to be 46 and the development of specific banding techniques. Subsequent technical improvements in the field of genetic diagnostics, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), chromosomal microarrays (CMA, array CGH) or next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, partially succeeded in overcoming limitations of banding cytogenetics. Consequently, nowadays, higher diagnostic yields can be achieved if new approaches such as NGS, CMA or FISH are applied in combination with cytogenetics. Nonetheless, high-resolution DNA-focused techniques have dominated clinical diagnostics more recently, rather than a “chromosomic view,” including banding cytogenetics as a precondition for the application of higher resolution methods. Currently, there is a renaissance of this “chromosomic view” in research, understanding chromosomes to be an essential feature of genomic architecture, owing to the discovery of (i) higher order chromosomal sub-compartments, (ii) chromosomal features that influence genomic architecture, gene expression, and evolution, and (iii) 3D and 4D chromatin organization within the nucleus, including the complex way in which chromosomes interact with each other. Interestingly, in many instances research was triggered by specific clinical diagnostic cases or diseases that contributed to new and fascinating insights, not only into disease mechanisms but also into basic principles of chromosome biology. Here we review the role, the intrinsic value, and the perspectives of chromosomes in a molecular genetics-dominated human genetics diagnostic era and make comparison with basic research, where these benefits are well-recognized.
How to measure the self-determination continuum? Initial validity evidence for the polish version of the Global Motivation Scale (GMS)
Authors: Zycinska Jolanta , Januszek Maciej
Published: February 2019

The Global Motivation Scale (GMS) is an 18-item self-report questionnaire. It measures a multidimensional conceptualization of motivation that falls along the self-determination continuum. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the GMS, and to investigate its structure and reliability in a group of 537 subjects, aged 18–86 (M = 36.19; SD = 15.20). The bifactor modelling didn’t validate the theoretical six-factor model of the GMS, thus an exploratory analysis was conducted to determine an optimal model across age, gender and education. The adopted four-factor model matched three original GMS subscales: intrinsic motivation, external regulation and amotivation; the fourth factor represented identified and integrated regulations simultaneously (introjected regulation wasn’t included). Correlations among the factors didn’t confirm the simplex pattern, while the composite reliability coefficients were low (.55–.66). It is insufficient to analyze the assessment of the self-determination continuum only for statistical correctness – linguistic and cultural contexts should also be considered.
Heavy-tailed distributions in branching process models of secondary cancerous tumors
Authors: Ernst Philip A. , Kimmel Marek , Kurpas Monika , Zhou Quan
Published: February 2019

Recent progress in microdissection and in DNA sequencing has facilitated the subsampling of multi-focal cancers in organs such as the liver in several hundred spots, helping to determine the pattern of mutations in each of these spots. This has led to the construction of genealogies of the primary, secondary, tertiary, and so forth, foci of the tumor. These studies have led to diverse conclusions concerning the Darwinian (selective) or neutral evolution in cancer. Mathematical models of the development of multi-focal tumors have been devised to support these claims. We offer a model for the development of a multi-focal tumor: it is a mathematically rigorous refinement of a model of Linget al.(2015). Guided by numerical studies and simulations, we show that the rigorous model, in the form of an infinite-type branching process, displays distributions of tumor size which have heavy tails and moments that become infinite in finite time. To demonstrate these points, we obtain bounds on the tails of the distributions of the process and an infinite series expansion for the first moments. In addition to its inherent mathematical interest, the model is corroborated by recent literature on apparent super-exponential growth in cancer metastases.
Genealogical constructions and asymptotics for continuous-time Markov and continuous-state branching processes
Authors: Kurtz Thomas G.
Published: February 2019

Genealogical constructions of population processes provide models which simultaneously record the forward-in-time evolution of the population size (and distribution of locations and types for models that include them) and the backward-in-time genealogies of the individuals in the population at each timet. A genealogical construction for continuous-time Markov branching processes from Kurtz and Rodrigues (2011) is described and exploited to give the normalized limit in the supercritical case. A Seneta‒Heyde norming is identified as a solution of an ordinary differential equation. The analogous results are given for continuous-state branching processes, including proofs of the normalized limits of Grey (1974) in both the supercritical and critical/subcritical cases.
On the modified Palm version
Authors: Thorisson Hermann
Published: February 2019

The interpretation of the ‘standard’ Palm version of a stationary random measure ξ is that it behaves like ξ conditioned on containing the origin in its mass. The interpretation of the ‘modified’ Palm version is that it behaves like ξ seen from a typical location in its mass. In this paper we shall focus on the modified Palm version, comparing it with the standard version in the transparent case of mixed biased coin tosses, and then establishing a limit theorem that motivates the above interpretation in the case of random measures on locally compact second countable Abelian groups possessing Følner averaging sets.
The responses of winter cultivars of common wheat, durum wheat and spelt to agronomic factors
Authors: Budzyński W. S. , Bepirszcz K. , Jankowski K. J. , Dubis B. , Hłasko-Nasalska A. , Sokólski M. M. , Olszewski J. , Załuski D.
Published: February 2019

A field experiment with the 35–1 fractional factorial design and five factors (k = 5) at three levels (s = 3) was performed in 2007–2010 at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałcyny, north-eastern (NE) Poland. The results of the experiment carried out under the agro-ecological conditions of NE Poland confirmed the high yield potential of common wheat and satisfactory yield potential of spelt and durum wheat. On average, durum wheat and spelt yields were 2.14 and 2.55 t/ha lower, respectively, than common wheat yields. Sowing date was not correlated with the yields of analysed Triticum species. Seed rate (350, 450 and 550 seeds/m2) had no significant influence on the grain yield of winter cultivars of common wheat, durum wheat and spelt. Common wheat cv. Oliwin and durum wheat cv. Komnata were characterized by the highest yields in response to nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates calculated based on the Nmin content of soil. An increase in the spring fertilizer rate by 40 kg N/ha in excess of the balanced N rate was not justified because it did not induce a further increase in the grain yield of common wheat and durum wheat. The grain yield of spelt cv. Schwabenkorn continued to increase in response to the highest rate of N fertilizer in spring (40 kg N/ha higher than the optimal rate). Intensified fungicide treatments improved grain yield in all Triticum species.
Investigating the effect of a nasal decongestant on post-adenotonsillectomy respiratory complications in 25 paediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a pilot study
Authors: Shamil E , Rouhani M J , Panayi A C , Lynch J , Tysome J , Jonas N
Published: February 2019

Objective

Adenotonsillectomy is frequently performed for obstructive sleep apnoea, but is associated with post-operative respiratory morbidity. This study assessed the effect of paediatric Otrivine (0.05 per cent xylometazoline hydrochloride) on post-operative respiratory compromise.

Methods

Paediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea were included. The control group (n = 24) received no intervention and the intervention group (n = 25) received intra-operative paediatric Otrivine during induction using a nasal patty. Post-operative outcomes included pain, respiratory distress signs and medical intervention level required (simple, intermediate and major).

Results

Post-operative respiratory distress signs were exhibited by 4 per cent of the Otrivine group and 21 per cent of the control group. Sixty-eight per cent of the Otrivine group required simple medical interventions post-operatively, compared to 42 per cent of the control group. In the Otrivine group, 4 per cent required intermediate interventions; none required major interventions. In the control group, 12.5 per cent required both intermediate and major interventions. Fifty per cent of the control group reported pain post-operatively, compared with 40 per cent in the Otrivine group.

Conclusion

Intra-operative paediatric Otrivine may reduce post-operative respiratory compromise in paediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea. A randomised controlled trial is required.
Topology and Size–Shape Optimization of an Adaptive Compliant Gripper with High Mechanical Advantage for Grasping Irregular Objects
Authors: Liu Chih-Hsing , Chiu Chen-Hua , Hsu Mao-Cheng , Chen Yang , Chiang Yen-Pin
Published: February 2019

This study presents an optimal design procedure including topology optimization and size–shape optimization methods to maximize mechanical advantage (which is defined as the ratio of output force to input force) of the synthesized compliant mechanism. The formulation of the topology optimization method to design compliant mechanisms with multiple output ports is presented. The topology-optimized result is used as the initial design domain for subsequent size–shape optimization process. The proposed optimal design procedure is used to synthesize an adaptive compliant gripper with high mechanical advantage. The proposed gripper is a monolithic two-finger design and is prototyped using silicon rubber. Experimental studies including mechanical advantage test, object grasping test, and payload test are carried out to evaluate the design. The results show that the proposed adaptive complaint gripper assembly can effectively grasp irregular objects up to 2.7 kg.
Interplay between early-life malnutrition, epigenetic modulation of the immune function and liver diseases
Authors: Campisano Sabrina , La Colla Anabela , Echarte Stella M. , Chisari Andrea N.
Published: February 2019

Early-life nutrition plays a critical role in fetal growth and development. Food intake absence and excess are the two main types of energy malnutrition that predispose to the appearance of diseases in adulthood, according to the hypothesis of ‘developmental origins of health and disease’. Epidemiological data have shown an association between early-life malnutrition and the metabolic syndrome in later life. Evidence has also demonstrated that nutrition during this period of life can affect the development of the immune system through epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, epigenetics has an essential role in the complex interplay between environmental factors and genetics. Altogether, this leads to the inflammatory response that is commonly seen in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. In conjunction, DNA methylation, covalent modification of histones and the expression of non-coding RNA are the epigenetic phenomena that affect inflammatory processes in the context of NAFLD. Here, we highlight current understanding of the mechanisms underlying developmental programming of NAFLD linked to epigenetic modulation of the immune system and environmental factors, such as malnutrition.
Differential susceptibility effects of maternal sensitivity in childhood on small for gestational age adults’ wealth
Authors: Nichols Tobey , Jaekel Julia , Bartmann Peter , Wolke Dieter
Published: February 2019

Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is considered a developmental vulnerability. Alternatively, SGA may be viewed as a marker for individual susceptibility to environmental experiences. The aim was to test if individuals born SGA are more susceptible to both negative and positive environmental experiences assessed by sensitive parenting in childhood compared with those born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). The target outcome was wealth in young adulthood. A total of 438 participants (SGA, n = 109; AGA, n = 329) were studied as part of the prospective Bavarian Longitudinal Study of neonatal at-risk children. Maternal sensitivity was observed during a standardized mother-child interaction task, and IQ was assessed with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children at age 6 years. At age 26, participants’ wealth was assessed with a comprehensive composite score. Individuals born SGA were found to be more susceptible to the effects of sensitive parenting after controlling for gestational age and IQ at age 6 years. When maternal sensitivity was lower than average, SGA adults did worse than AGA adults, but when exposed to above-average maternal sensitivity in childhood, they obtained significantly higher wealth than their AGA peers by 26 years of age.
Freedom and the Fact of Reason
Authors: Galvin Richard
Published: February 2019

The focus of my argument is whether, and in what sense, freedom is ‘revealed’ by the fact of reason in Kant’s secondCritique. I examine the passages in which Kant refers to the fact of reason and conclude that he uses the term to refer to our taking morality as authoritative, and to our apprehending the content of the moral law. I then point out how various commentators have claimed each to bethefact of reason. Next I address how each is claimed by Kant to reveal ‘freedom’ to us and argue that our taking morality as authoritative is best understood as referring to our conception of ourselves as autonomous beings, and that our apprehending the moral law’s content reveals only the idea of freedom as a coherent one. Neither would demonstrate that we actually are autonomous, nor would their conjunction, despite what some commentators have claimed. In closing I defend the deflationary position that the fact of reason entitles us to postulate our freedom, but only from the practical point of view, and that it demonstrates that freedom is a coherent idea.
(Business) Planning for the Future
Authors: Fox Claire
Published: February 2019

This article, by Claire Fox, is designed to share tools and techniques to help with business planning. It will focus on sharing real life knowledge and experience, with practical tips for developing your own business plan. It will lead to a better understanding of why a formal business plan process is crucial to helping teams prepare for the future and remain relevant and necessary to their organisations.
SUBSTRUCTURAL INQUISITIVE LOGICS
Authors: PUNČOCHÁŘ VÍT
Published: February 2019

This paper shows that any propositional logic that extends a basic substructural logic BSL (a weak, nondistributive, nonassociative, and noncommutative version of Full Lambek logic with a paraconsistent negation) can be enriched with questions in the style of inquisitive semantics and logic. We introduce a relational semantic framework for substructural logics that enables us to define the notion of an inquisitive extension of λ, denoted as ${\lambda ^?}$, for any logic λ that is at least as strong as BSL. A general theory of these “inquisitive extensions” is worked out. In particular, it is shown how to axiomatize ${\lambda ^?}$, given the axiomatization of λ. Furthermore, the general theory is applied to some prominent logical systems in the class: classical logic Cl, intuitionistic logic Int, and t-norm based fuzzy logics, including for example Łukasiewicz fuzzy logic Ł. For the inquisitive extensions of these logics, axiomatization is provided and a suitable semantics found.
The Blattodea (cockroaches), Mantodea (praying mantises) and Dermaptera (earwigs) of the Insect Limestone (late Eocene), Isle of Wight, including the first record of Mantodea from the UK
Authors: ROSS Andrew J.
Published: February 2019

The fossil cockroaches (Blattodea), praying mantises (Mantodea) and earwigs (Demaptera) are described from the Insect Limestone (Priabonian) of the Isle of Wight, southern England. Three new species of cockroach are described in the family Ectobiidae –Phyllodromica protosardeasp. nov.,Balta protosimilissp. nov. andMalaccina?wightensissp. nov. – and a further nine indeterminate species are presented (based on ten specimens). The only known specimen of praying mantis is described asProtohierodula crabbigen. et sp. nov. in the family Manteidae, which constitutes the first record of Mantodea from the UK. The only known specimen of earwig is an incomplete juvenile belonging to the superfamily Forficuloidea.
Seismic Observation of Tsunami at Island Broadband Stations
Authors: Nishida Kiwamu , Maeda Takuto , Fukao Yoshio
Published: February 2019

Previous studies have reported seismic observations of tsunami recorded at island broadband stations. Coastal loading by the tsunami can explain them. For further quantification, we model tsunami propagation assuming an axisymmetric structure: a conical island with a flat ocean floor. The total tsunami wavefield can be represented by superposition between an incident tsunami wave and the scattering. The ground deformation due to the total tsunami wavefield at the center is calculated using static Green's functions for elastic half‐space with a first‐order correction for bathymetry. By fitting the modeled displacement to observed seismic data, we can infer the incident tsunami wave, which can be interpreted as the virtual tsunami amplitude without the conical island. First, we apply this new method to three components of seismic data at a volcano island, Aogashima, for the 2015 Torishima‐Oki tsunami earthquake. The estimated tsunami amplitude from the vertical component is consistent with the offshore array observation of absolute pressure gauges close to the island (1.5–20 mHz). The estimated incident azimuth from the three components is also consistent with ray theory. Second, we apply this method to seismic data at four island broadband stations in the Indian ocean for the 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake in Indonesia. Despite the limited observed frequency range from 0.5–2.0 mHz, the amplitudes and incident azimuths are consistent with past studies. These observations can complement offshore tsunami observations. Moreover, this method is applicable not only for a tsunami but also for background ocean infragravity wave activity.
An Effort to Reconcile Time‐ and Slip‐Dependent Friction Evolution
Authors: Li Tianyi
Published: February 2019

In rate and state friction (RSF) theory, time‐dependent evolution (represented by the Aging law) and slip‐dependent evolution (represented by the Slip law) both succeed in explaining some features of the friction curves while failing in explaining others. Nevertheless, experimental results provided strong evidence for the two ideas and suggested that they are both critical components in friction evolution. Making a first attempt toward reconciling these two ideas, we developed a new friction model for RSF evolution assuming combined physical mechanisms that highlight asperities' plastic behavior: the time‐dependent growth of asperity contact area and the slip‐dependent enhancement (slip strengthening) of asperity intrinsic strength. Our model adopts a two‐scale mathematical structure developed by Li and Rubin (2017; https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB013970), where the specification of the surface distribution of asperity ensembles and their geometry facilitates the numerical construction of the state variable in the RSF equation. Results show that this new model's fit to the slide‐hold‐slide experiments is similar to the best fits of the Slip law, while it provides an improved physical picture; however, for velocity steps it fails to match the symmetry of step ups and downs, although the general fit is acceptable. By introducing two new parameters to specify the slip‐hardening mechanism, we allow the model to incorporate as a subset the pure time‐dependent model discussed in Li and Rubin (2017). Although failing to completely reconcile time‐ and slip‐dependent friction evolution, this study produced useful insights for future research; for example, a granular numerical description of the frictional surface might be convenient for modeling the physics of friction.
Additive manufacturing of self-healing elastomers
Authors: Yu Kunhao , Xin An , Du Haixu , Li Ying , Wang Qiming
Published: February 2019

Nature excels in both self-healing and 3D shaping; for example, self-healable human organs feature functional geometries and microstructures. However, tailoring man-made self-healing materials into complex structures faces substantial challenges. Here, we report a paradigm of photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing of self-healable elastomer structures with free-form architectures. The paradigm relies on a molecularly designed photoelastomer ink with both thiol and disulfide groups, where the former facilitates a thiol-ene photopolymerization during the additive manufacturing process and the latter enables a disulfide metathesis reaction during the self-healing process. We find that the competition between the thiol and disulfide groups governs the photocuring rate and self-healing efficiency of the photoelastomer. The self-healing behavior of the photoelastomer is understood with a theoretical model that agrees well with the experimental results. With projection microstereolithography systems, we demonstrate rapid additive manufacturing of single- and multimaterial self-healable structures for 3D soft actuators, multiphase composites, and architected electronics. Compatible with various photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing systems, the photoelastomer is expected to open promising avenues for fabricating structures where free-form architectures and efficient self-healing are both desirable.
Cancer cell-expressed SLAMF7 is not required for CD47-mediated phagocytosis
Authors: He Yuan , Bouwstra Renee , Wiersma Valerie R. , de Jong Mathilde , Jan Lourens Harm , Fehrmann Rudolf , de Bruyn Marco , Ammatuna Emanuele , Huls Gerwin , van Meerten Tom , Bremer Edwin
Published: February 2019

CD47 is a prominent new target in cancer immunotherapy, with antagonistic antibodies currently being evaluated in clinical trials. For effective evaluation of this strategy it is crucial to identify which patients are suited for CD47-targeted therapy. In this respect, expression of the pro-phagocytic signal SLAMF7 on both macrophages and cancer cells was recently reported to be a requisite for CD47 antibody-mediated phagocytosis. Here, we demonstrate that in fact SLAMF7 expression on cancer cells is not required and does not impact on CD47 antibody therapy. Moreover, SLAMF7 also does not impact on phagocytosis induction by CD20 antibody rituximab nor associates with overall survival of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma patients. In contrast, expression of CD47 negatively impacts on overall and progression free survival. In conclusion, cancer cell expression of SLAMF7 is not required for phagocytosis and, in contrast to CD47 expression, should not be used as selection criterion for CD47-targeted therapy.
Continuous dynamic adjustment of the plant circadian oscillator
Authors: Webb Alex A. R. , Seki Motohide , Satake Akiko , Caldana Camila
Published: February 2019

The clockwork of plant circadian oscillators has been resolved through investigations in Arabidopsis thaliana. The circadian oscillator is an important regulator of much of plant physiology, though many of the mechanisms are unclear. New findings demonstrate that the oscillator adjusts phase and period in response to abiotic and biotic signals, providing insight in to how the plant circadian oscillator integrates with the biology of the cell and entrains to light, dark and temperature cycles. We propose that the plant circadian oscillator is dynamically plastic, in constant adjustment, rather than being an isolated clock impervious to cellular events.
A number-based inventory of size-resolved black carbon particle emissions by global civil aviation
Authors: Zhang Xiaole , Chen Xi , Wang Jing
Published: February 2019

With the rapidly growing global air traffic, the impacts of the black carbon (BC) in the aviation exhaust on climate, environment and public health are likely rising. The particle number and size distribution are crucial metrics for toxicological analysis and aerosol-cloud interactions. Here, a size-resolved BC particle number emission inventory was developed for the global civil aviation. The BC particle number emission is approximately (10.9 ± 2.1) × 1025 per year with an average emission index of (6.06 ± 1.18) × 1014 per kg of burned fuel, which is about 1.3% of the total ground anthropogenic emissions, and 3.6% of the road transport emission. The global aviation emitted BC particles follow a lognormal distribution with a geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 31.99 ± 0.8 nm and a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.85 ± 0.016. The variabilities of GMDs and GSDs for all flights are about 4.8 and 0.08 nm, respectively. The inventory provides new data for assessing the aviation impacts.
Genome-wide gene-based analyses of weight loss interventions identify a potential role for NKX6.3 in metabolism
Authors: Valsesia Armand , Wang Qiao-Ping , Gheldof Nele , Carayol Jérôme , Ruffieux Hélène , Clark Teleri , Shenton Victoria , Oyston Lisa J. , Lefebvre Gregory , Metairon Sylviane , Chabert Christian , Walter Ondine , Mironova Polina , Lau Paulina , Descombes Patrick , Viguerie Nathalie , Langin Dominique , Harper Mary-Ellen , Astrup Arne , Saris Wim H. , Dent Robert , Neely Greg G. , Hager Jörg
Published: February 2019

Hundreds of genetic variants have been associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using observational cohorts. However, the genetic contribution to efficient weight loss in response to dietary intervention remains unknown. We perform a GWAS in two large low-caloric diet intervention cohorts of obese participants. Two loci close toNKX6.3/MIR486andRBSG4are identified in the Canadian discovery cohort (n = 1166) and replicated in the DiOGenes cohort (n = 789). Modulation ofHGTX(NKX6.3ortholog) levels inDrosophila melanogasterleads to significantly altered triglyceride levels. Additional tissue-specific experiments demonstrate an action through the oenocytes, fly hepatocyte-like cells that regulate lipid metabolism. Our results identify genetic variants associated with the efficacy of weight loss in obese subjects and identify a role forNKX6.3in lipid metabolism, and thereby possibly weight control.
Noisy defects in the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x
Authors: Massee F. , Huang Y. K. , Golden M. S. , Aprili M.
Published: February 2019

Dopants and impurities are crucial in shaping the ground state of host materials: semiconducting technology is based on their ability to donate or trap electrons, and they can even be used to transform insulators into high temperature superconductors. Due to limited time resolution, most atomic-scale studies of the latter materials focussed on the effect of dopants on the electronic properties averaged over time. Here, by using atomic-scale current-noise measurements in optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x, we visualize sub-nanometre sized objects where the tunnelling current-noise is enhanced by at least an order of magnitude. We show that these objects are previously undetected oxygen dopants whose ionization and local environment leads to unconventional charge dynamics resulting in correlated tunnelling events. The ionization of these dopants opens up new routes to dynamically control doping at the atomic scale, enabling the direct visualization of local charging on e.g. high-Tc superconductivity.
Self-assembly of a magnetic DNA hydrogel as a new biomaterial for enzyme encapsulation with enhanced activity and stability
Authors: Song Jiayi , He Wenting , Shen Hao , Zhou Zixin , Li Mengqi , Su Ping , Yang Yi
Published: February 2019

A rationally designed strategy has been established to construct a magnetic DNA hydrogel for enzyme encapsulation through a programmable one-pot self-assembly approach.
Towards 2D layered hybrid perovskites with enhanced functionality: introducing charge-transfer complexes via self-assembly
Authors: Van Gompel Wouter T. M. , Herckens Roald , Van Hecke Kristof , Ruttens Bart , D'Haen Jan , Lutsen Laurence , Vanderzande Dirk
Published: February 2019

This study broadens the family of 2D layered perovskites by the self-assembly of organic charge-transfer complexes in their organic layer.
Hybrid nanostructures of pit-rich TiO2 nanocrystals with Ru loading and N doping for enhanced solar water splitting
Authors: Wang Haiqing , Liu Huiling , Ji Yanchen , Yang Ruiqi , Zhang Zengfu , Wang Xun , Liu Hong
Published: February 2019

Hybrid nanostructures of pit-rich TiO2 nanocrystals with ruthenium loading and nitrogen-doping exhibited enhanced solar water splitting.
Cation influence on heterocyclic ammonium ionic liquids: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Ray Promit , Elfgen Roman , Kirchner Barbara
Published: February 2019

Four different ionic liquids (ILs) consisting of the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([NTf2]−) anion, with structurally similar systematically varying cations, are investigated herein through classical molecular dynamics.
Modifying the sensibility of nonmetal-doped phosphorene by local or global properties
Authors: Yang Na , Li Li , Li Jing , Wei Zidong
Published: February 2019

The dopant atom X can modify the sensibility of X-doped phosphorene by tuning the electronic properties of X-doped phosphorene surfaces effectively. According to the adsorption strength and the amount of charge transfer between the adsorption species and X-doped phosphorene surfaces, the adsorption species can be roughly divided into three types.
Kinetic understanding of the effect of Na and Mg on pyrolytic behavior of lignin using a distributed activation energy model and density functional theory modeling
Authors: Kim Kwang Ho , Jeong Keunhong , Kim Seung-Soo , Brown Robert C.
Published: February 2019

The catalytic effect of Na and Mg, naturally occurring alkali and alkaline earth metals, on lignin pyrolysis was systematically analyzed using a distributed activation energy model and computational modeling.
High yields of solid carbonaceous materials from biomass
Authors: Hu Xun , Nango Keigo , Bao Lei , Li Tingting , Hasan M. D. Mahmudul , Li Chun-Zhu
Published: February 2019

A method was developed for the production of carbon materials from biomass with high yields/strength via cross-polymerizing bio-oil, furfural and biochar.
In situpretreatment during distillation improves corn fiber conversion and ethanol yield in the dry mill process
Authors: Li Xiujuan , Xu Zhaoxian , Yu Jianming , Huang He , Jin Mingjie
Published: February 2019

Thein situpretreatment andin situconversion of corn fiber increased cellulose conversion and the overall ethanol yield.
Sustainable methine sources for the synthesis of heterocycles under metal- and peroxide-free conditions
Authors: Senadi Gopal Chandru , Kudale Vishal Suresh , Wang Jeh-Jeng
Published: February 2019

Alcohols and ethers were identified as sustainable methine sources for synthesizing quinazolinone and benzimidazole derivatives using a combination of TsOH·H2O/O2and appropriate bis-nucleophiles for the first time.
3D arrays of microcages by two-photon lithography for spatial organization of living cells
Authors: Larramendy Florian , Yoshida Shotaro , Maier Daniela , Fekete Zoltan , Takeuchi Shoji , Paul Oliver
Published: February 2019

This paper addresses a nanoengineering approach to create a fully three-dimensional (3D) network of living cells, providing an advanced solution toin vitrostudies on either neuronal networks or artificial organs.
Development of cerium-based catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides: a review
Authors: Xu Junqiang , Yu Haijie , Zhang Chuan , Guo Fang , Xie Jiaqing
Published: February 2019

Nitrogen oxides (NOX) are major pollutants of the atmosphere, and selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides using ammonia as a reductant (NH3-SCR) is an effective method to remove nitrogen oxides.
Hydrogenolysis of carbon–carbon σ-bonds using water catalysed by semi-rigid diiridium(iii) porphyrins
Authors: Fong Ching Wai , Yu Ho Yin , Gros Claude P. , Chan Kin Shing
Published: February 2019

Semi-rigid diiridium(iii) porphyrins alkyls with m-xylyl and p-xylyl diether linkers were synthesized. They were found to be catalysts for the carbon–carbon σ-bond hydrogenolysis of [2.2]paracyclophane in neutral conditions using water as the hydrogen source.
A morphology-tailored triazine-based crystalline organic polymer for efficient mercury sensing
Authors: Das Dimitra , Mitra Anuradha , Chatterjee Rituparna , Sain Sumanta , Chattopadhyay Kalyan Kumar
Published: February 2019

A melamine-based crystalline organic polymer as a highly efficient ultra-trace Hg2+ion sensor with a detection limit of 0.03 ppb.
Toxic organic solvent adsorption by a hydrophobic covalent polymer
Authors: Dey Debanjan , Banerjee Priyabrata
Published: February 2019

A hydrophobic needle-shaped novel covalent polymer has been synthesized at ambient temperature for adsorption of toxic organics.
A convenient fluorescent assay for quinolones based on their inhibition towards the oxidase-like activity of Cu2+
Authors: Zhu Shuyun , Cao Han , Yan Xiaolu , Sun Jing , Qiu Jiayi , Qu Xiaoqing , Zuo Ya-Nan , Wang Xiao , Zhao Xian-En
Published: February 2019

This work reports on a novel and convenient fluorescent assay for four quinolones including nalidixic acid, cinoxacin, ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin, with Cu2+-triggered and quinolone-inhibited oxidation of o-phenylenediamine.
Instant hydrogel formation of terpyridine-based complexes triggered by DNA via non-covalent interaction
Authors: Geng Lijun , Yu Xudong , Li Yajuan , Wang Yanqiu , Wu Yongquan , Ren Jujie , Xue Fengfeng , Yi Tao
Published: February 2019

Biomolecule-based hydrogels have potential use in a wide range of applications such as controlled drug release, tissue engineering, and biofabrication.
Challenges in spectroscopy: accuracy versus interpretation from isolated molecules to condensed phases
Authors: Puzzarini Cristina , de Lara-Castells Maria Pilar , Ramos Maria J.
Published: February 2019

This themed issue includes a collection of articles on Challenges in spectroscopy: accuracy versus interpretation from isolated molecules to condensed phases.
A universal synthesis strategy for P-rich noble metal diphosphide-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Pu Zonghua , Zhao Jiahuan , Amiinu Ibrahim Saana , Li Wenqiang , Wang Min , He Daping , Mu Shichun
Published: February 2019

A series of noble metal diphosphides (IrP2@NC, RhP2@NC and Pd5P2@NC) have been designed and fabricated, and among which IrP2@NC exhibits ultrahigh hydrogen evolution reaction performance.
Performance of CoTiO3 as an oxide perovskite material for the light scattering layer of dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Aynehband S. , Nouri E. , Mohammadi M. R. , Li Y.
Published: February 2019

CoTiO3 particles with mirror-like facets were employed as the mono- and bi-layered scattering films into nanoparticle TiO2 DSSCs.