bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
О теореме восстановления Стоуна для арифметических распределений
Authors: Sgibnev Mikhail Sergeyevich
Published: June 2017

Уточняется известная теорема восстановления Стоуна для арифметических распределений, у которых по крайней мере один из хвостов убывает экспоненциально быстро. Доказывается весьма общий вариант теоремы восстановления для арифметических распределений с полумультипликативной оценкой остаточного члена.
Streamflow forecasts from WRF precipitation for flood early
warning in mountain tropical areas
Authors: Rogelis María Carolina , Werner Micha
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models are fundamental to extend forecast lead-times beyond the concentration time of a watershed. Particularly for flash flood forecasting in tropical mountainous watersheds, forecast precipitation is required to provide timely warnings. This paper aims to assess the potential of NWP for flood early warning purposes, and the possible improvement that bias correction can provide, in a tropical mountainous area. The paper focuses on the comparison of streamflows obtained from the post-processed precipitation forecasts, particularly the comparison of ensemble forecasts and their potential in providing skilful flood forecasts. The WRF model is used to produce precipitation forecasts that are post-processed and used to drive a hydrologic model. Discharge forecasts obtained from the hydrological model are used to assess the skill of the WRF model. The results show that post-processed WRF precipitation adds value to the flood early warning system when compared to zero precipitation forecasts. Although the precipitation forecast used in this analysis showed little added value when compared to climatology. However, the reduction of biases obtained from the post-processed ensembles show potential of this method and model to provide usable precipitation forecasts in tropical mountainous watersheds. The need for more detailed evaluation of the WRF model in the study area is highlighted, particularly the identification of the most suitable parameterisation, due to the inability of the model to adequately represent the convective precipitation found in the study area.
The Probabilistic Drought Forecast Based on the Ensemble Technique Using the Korean Surface Water Supply Index
Authors: Jang Suk Hwan , Lee Jae-Kyoung , Oh Ji Hwan , Jo Jun Won , Cho Younghyun
Published: June 2017

Abstract. This study proposes the new hydrological drought index, Korean Surface Water Supply Index (KSWSI), which overcomes some of the limitations in the calculation of previous SWSI applied in Korea and conducts the probabilistic drought forecasts using KSWSI. In this study, all hydrometeorological variables in the Geum River basin were investigated and appropriate variables were selected as KSWSI components for each sub-basin. And whereby only the normal distributions are applied to all drought components, probability distributions suitable for each KSWSI component were estimated. As a result of verifying KSWSIs, the accuracy of KSWSIs showed better drought phenomenon in drought events. The monthly probabilistic drought forecasts were also calculated based on ensemble technique using KSWSI. In 2006 and 2014 drought events, the accuracy of the drought forecasts using KSWSIs were higher than those using previous SWSI, demonstrating that KSWSI is able to enhance the accuracy of drought forecasts. The influence of expanding hydrometeorological components and selecting appropriate probability distributions for each KSWSI component were analyzed. It is confirmed that the accuracy of KSWSIs may be affected by the choice of hydrometerological components, the station data obtained, the length of used data for each station, and the probability distributions selected. Furthermore, the uncertainty quantification of the KSWSI calculation procedure was also carried out using the Maximum Entropy (ME) theory. The large MEs and standard deviations of KSWSIs in the flood season cause uncertainties, implying that the selection of the appropriate probability distributions for selected drought components in the flood season is very important.
Flood Impacts on a Water Distribution Network
Authors: Arrighi Chiara , Tarani Fabio , Vicario Enrico , Castelli Fabio
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Floods cause damage to people, buildings and infrastructures. Due to their usual location near rivers, water utilities are particularly exposed; in case of flood, the inundation of the facility can damage equipment and cause power outages. Such impact leads to costly repairs, disruptions of service, hazardous situations for personnel and public health advisories. In this work, we present an analysis of direct and indirect damages of a drinking water supply system considering the hazard of a riverine flooding as well as the exposure and vulnerability of the system components (i.e. pipes, junctions, lifting stations etc.). The method is based on the combination of a flood model and an EPANET-based piping network model implementing Pressure-Driven Demand, which is more appropriate when modeling water distribution networks with many off-line nodes. The two models are linked by a semi-automated GIS procedure. The evaluation of flood impact on the aqueduct network is carried out for flood scenarios with assigned recurrence intervals. Vulnerable elements exposed to the flood are identified and analyzed in order to determine their residual functionality and simulate failure scenarios. Impact metrics are defined to measure service outage and potential pipe contamination. The method is applied to the water supply system of the city of Florence (Italy), serving approximately 385 000 inhabitants. Results show that for the worst failure scenario 420 km of pipeworks would require flushing and disinfection with an estimated cost of 21 Mio €, which is about 0.5 % of the direct flood losses evaluated for buildings and contents.
Defining the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
Authors: Simmons Nicola , Marquis Elizabeth
Published: June 2017

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) has been variously defined over its history. We suggest that evolving identity definitions are part of SoTL’s developmental process. Ascribing to Huber and Hutchings’ (2005) ‘big tent’ philosophy, we note that useful definitions of SoTL should take into account the local context and focus on the outcome of improving learning and educational quality.
L’avancement des connaissances en enseignement et en apprentissage (ACEA) a été défini de diverses manières au fil de son histoire. Nous suggérons que les définitions correspondant à cette identité qui évolue font partie du processus de développement de l’ACEA. En acceptant la philosophie de la « grande tente » de Huber et Hutchings (2005), nous remarquons que les définitions utiles de l’ACEA devraient tenir compte du contexte local et se concentrer sur le résultat qui consiste à améliorer l’apprentissage et la qualité de l’éducation.
A centralidade da família na composição do poder local em Paranaguá (1856-1889)
Authors: Alves Alessandro Cavassin
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho apresenta quem foram os vereadores e juízes de paz eleitos na cidade de Paranaguá, litoral do Paraná, entre 1856 a 1889, num total de nove legislaturas, buscando situar, igualmente, os acontecimentos mais gerais sobre a história do Brasil. E, constata-se, através da genealogia de grande parte dos políticos eleitos e do método prosopográfico para o grupo que compôs a Câmara municipal, a centralidade da família de Manoel Antonio Guimarães, o Visconde de Nácar, no arranjo do poder local. A metodologia utilizada para obter estas informações foi a leitura de jornais da época, documentos oficiais, a “Genealogia paranaense” de Francisco Negrão e “O silêncio dos vencedores” de Ricardo Costa de Oliveira, além de obras sobre a história do Paraná. Discutir o conceito de família, tendo como referência empírica um passado recente, ainda é fundamental para se pensar a política no Brasil e sua República.
The effect of the Quran recitation on mental health of the Iranian medical staff
Authors: Darabinia Morteza , Heidari Gorji Ali Morad , Afzali Mohammad Ali
Published: June 2017

This study was conducted with aim of determine the effect of the Quran recitation on mental health of the medical staff of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Sari, Iran). This quasi-experiment study was done in 2016. According to same study 80 medical staff of Mazandaran University of medical sciences (Mazandaran, Iran) were gathered according to inclusion criteria’s. Inclusion criteria’s were (i) complete satisfaction to study, (ii) no having mental or physical disorders. In case of emergency events participants were excluded from study. Then participants randomly distributed to two groups (40 participants in control and experimental group). Experimental group listened to some verses of the Holy Quran for 3 months at the beginning of each working day for 3 minutes, while the control group didn't receive the Quran recitation. The findings showed that 45% of staffs were male and 55% of staffs were women. The average age of staffs was 44.87 ± 3.56. The mean of mental health and all its domains, after hearing the verses of the Quran, in experimental group was higher than the control group (p < .05). Also women indicated a higher average score than men on mental health, behavioral and socio emotional domains. As a final conclusion and on the basis of the findings of this study; it can be said, particularly in Muslim communities, hearing the Quran recitations improves the mental state of the people. Therefore, it is recommended to use the Quran recitations to reinforce positive emotions and psychological comfort for Muslim staffs.
NCLEX RN Exam: A university school of nursing case study of preparation strategies
Authors: Puskar Kathryn , Rudolph Melissa , Shi Xiaojun
Published: June 2017

The NCLEX-RN (National Council Licensure Examination—Registered Nurse) is the exam taken at the end of a U.S. nursing student’s education to enable him or her to become a licensed registered nurse. The purpose of this article is twofold (1) to discuss NCLEX-RN preparation strategies provided by several U.S schools of nursing; and (2) to describe a case study focusing on a university school of nursing’s preparation strategies implemented to improve NCLEX RN pass rate. Specific actions and results from case study may be useful to other nurse educators teaching in baccalaureate school of nursing.
Assessment of knowledge of Saudi female teenagers & their mothers regarding management of type I diabetes in the City of Abha
Authors: Beshi Salwa Ibrahim , Moawad Salma , Yakout Sahar M.
Published: June 2017

Background: Diabetes is predicted to become the seventh leading cause of death in the world by the year 2030. In adolescence self-image is being constructed and diabetes self-care becomes an integral part of daily life. Diabetes management is better when parents remain involved in diabetes care through parental monitoring, a construct frequently measured as parents’ overall knowledge of their adolescents’ illness management. The main aim of this study was to assess the Knowledge of Saudi Female Teenagers and Their Mothers Regarding Management of type I Diabetes in the Abha.Methods: The study was carried out in Abha diabetic center. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used. A non-probability, convenience sample of diabetic Saudi female teenagers (150) and their mothers (150) was required. The researcher prepared a two-sheet questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed from a modified Simplified Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT) derived from the Revised Diabetes Knowledge Scale, developed by Lloyd (2011) and Fitzgerald (1998), diabetes self-management and the day care diabetes education questionnaire.Results: More the two third of mothers 30 years old and more, and 46% their level of education secondary school and more but more than two third were home wife. On the other hand, more than two third of diabetic teenage were their age 16-19 years, and 50% intermediate school age. The teenager girls and their mothers (72%, 63%) respectively not participate at any classes related to health education about management. Although only 7% not have any diabetic complication and statistical analysis show highly significant different between response of mothers and their daughters. In general, it is obvious that most of the mother do not aware or do not carefully follow their daughters in respect of diabetes self-management through diet, physical practice and blood glucose level. Also, mothers’ characteristics do not influence on daughters' knowledge level about diabetes self-management. The only factor that has a significant influence on teen females' knowledge was the duration since diagnosed as diabetic.Conclusions: According to the results of the study, it is concluded that both mother and their daughter had lack of awareness and knowledge in most of aspects of diabetes management so the researcher suggested family-based interventions, implementation of home visit programs and integrated ongoing programs of education, monitoring and support for young people and their families living with diabetes are needed. Further research needs and the paradigm used in the present study should be expanded to include fathers, other family members and friends.
Multivariate Analysis by Using Quantification Method Ⅱ on a Questionnaire Investigation for Rare Sugars
Authors: Ishii Yasuo , Takeyasu Hiromasa , Takeyasu Daisuke , Takeyasu Kazuhiro
Published: June 2017

The Rare Sugars exist naturally and have many kinds (more than 50). They have good effect for health such as prevention of increasing the blood-sugar level after eating, suppression of fat accumulation, suppression of increasing the blood pressure, and anti-oxidative effect etc. It is in the spotlight for many people especially for those who are in the metabolic syndrome. There are few related papers concerning the marketing research and its utilization of this matter. In this paper, a questionnaire investigation is executed in order to clarify consumers’ current condition and their consciousness, and to seek the possibility of utilizing the Rare Sugars. Fundamental statistical analysis, Multivariate Analysis by Using Quantification Method Ⅱ are conducted based on that. Some interesting and instructive results were obtained.
ТЭЖЭЭЛИЙН ХОМСДОЛ, ХҮЙТНИЙ СТРЕССИЙН ҮЕД БЭЛЧЭЭРИЙН ЯМААНЫ БӨӨРНИЙ ДЭЭД БУЛЧИРХАЙН БИЧИЛ БҮТЦИЙГ СУДАЛСАН ДҮНГЭЭС
Authors: Т Алтанзул , Г Гэрэлцэцэг , А Алтанчимэг
Published: June 2017

Өвөл хаврын улиралд тэжээлийн хомсдол болон хүйтний стрессд нэрвэгдсэн ямааны бөөрний дээд булчирхайн бичил бүтцийг судалсан дүнг өгүүлэв. Ямааны тоо толгой сүүлийн жилүүдэд эрчимтэй өсч 2015 онд нийт тоологдсон толгой малын 42.1%-г эзэлж байна. Малын зүй бус хорогдлын жил бүрийн мэдээнээс үзэхэд ямааны хорогдлын эзлэх хувь ямагт дээгүүр байгаа нь ямаа стресс хүчин зүйлийн нөлөөнд амархан нэрвэгддэг мал болохыг харуулж байна. Үүнээс үндэслэн стресс урвалын үед хамгийн түрүүн дайчлагдан бие махбодын үйл ажиллагааг зохицуулдаг бөөрний дээд булчирхайн бүтэц, үйл ажиллагааг хэвийн болон стрессийн үед судлах зорилго тавин ажиллаж байна. Бөөрний дээд булчирхайн бичил бүтцийг судлахдаа нийтэд хэрэглэгддэг арга зүйн дагуу гистологийн бэлдмэл бэлдэж, гемотоксилин эозиноор будаж Nikon E-600 маркийн микроскопоор дурандаж шинжлэв. Стрессд нэрвэгдсэн ямааны бөөрний дээд булчирхайн бичил бүтцийг судлахад холтослог болон тархилаг давхаргыг хамарсан цусархаг өөрчлөлт ажиглагдаж, холтослог давхаргын түүдэгт бүсийн эсүүдэд хэт үржил явагдсан байна.
ХАРАА, ЕРӨӨ ГОЛЫН САВ ГАЗРЫН ЗАРИМ НУТАГ ДАХЬ ШУМУУЛЫН ТӨРӨЛ, ЗҮЙЛИЙН БҮРЭЛДЭХҮҮН
Authors: П Мөнхзул , Х Наранбаатар , И Хатанбаатар , Б Цэрэнтогтох , О Чинчимэг , Ё Мягмарсүх , Г Батцэцэг
Published: June 2017

Хараа, Ерөө голын сав газарт Culicidae овгийн Aedes, Culex төрлийн шумуул зонхилж байна. Шумуулын төрөл, зүйлийн бүрэлдэхүүнийг тэдгээрийн бие бүтцийн онцлогоор нь тодорхойлоход Төв аймгийн Борнуур, Батсүмбэр, Баянчандмань суманд Aedes vexans зүйл; Дархан-Уул аймгийн Хонгор, Шарын гол, Орхон сум-Culex restuans, C.p.pipiens зүйл, Сэлэнгэ аймгийн Мандал, Ерөө, Сайхан, Жавхлант сум-C.p.pipiens, C. p.quiequefasciatus зүйл шумуул тус тус илэрч байна.
БУУРЦАГТАНЫ (FABACEAE LINDL.) ОВГИЙН ЗАРИМ ЗҮЙЛ УРГАМЛЫН ҮРИЙН МОРФОЛОГИ, АНАТОМИ, АМЬДРАХ ЧАДВАРЫН СУДАЛГАА
Authors: П Отгонжаргал , Г Биндэръяа , Д Түмэнжаргал
Published: June 2017

МААЭШХ-ийн Тэжээлийн олон наст ургамлын генофондод хадгалагдаж буй Буурцагтаны (Fabaceae Lind.) овгийн 2 төрлийн 2 зүйл ургамлын үрийн 4 дээжинд морфологи, анатоми, лабораторийн соёололтыг тодорхойлж үрийн амьдрах чадварыг судалсан болно. Энэхүү судалгаанд удаан хугацаагаар буюу 20 жил хадгалагдсан (1996 оны) үрийн амьдрах чадварыг судалсан бөгөөд 2014 онд цуглуулсан үрийг харьцуулах дээжээр ашиглалаа.
ӨНДӨГЛӨГЧ ТАХИАНЫ БҮРЭН НАЙРЛАГАТ БАГСАРМАЛ ТЭЖЭЭЛИЙГ ЗАРИМ ТҮҮХИЙ ЭДЭЭР БАЯЖУУЛСАН СУДАЛГААНЫ ДҮН
Authors: Ж Рэнцэнханд , Н Тогтохбаяр , Х Гэндарам
Published: June 2017

Өндөглөгч тахианд зориулсан бүрэн найрлагат багсармал тэжээлийн жорыг дрожж, цеолит, глицерин зэрэг түүхий эдүүдээр баяжуулж, ашиг шимд үзүүлэх нөлөөг судлан тогтоох зорилгоор 2013-2015 оны хооронд өндөглөгч тахианд хоногт шаардагдах шимт бодисын нормыг үндэслэн нийт 19 төрлийн жор боловсруулж, 2 удаагийн туршилтаар Родонит 3 үүлдрийн 475 тахиаг тэжээв. Судалгааны дүнгээс үзэхэд өндөглөгч тахианы тэжээлийн жорд дрожж, цеолит, глицеринийг ашиглахад өндөгний хэлбэрт тодорхой нөлөө үзүүлээгүй ч өндөглөлт, өндөгний жинд сайнаар нөлөөлөх төдийгүй тэжээл төлцийг нэмэгдүүлэх боломжтой нь харагдаж байлаа.
ААЛЗНЫ ТОРНЫ НЯГТШИЛ БЭЛЧЭЭРИЙН УРГАМЛЫН ТӨЛӨВ БАЙДЛААС ХАМААРАХ НЬ
Authors: Ч Ууганбаяр
Published: June 2017

Бид 2015 онд Сэлэнгэ, Төв, Говь сүмбэр аймгийн нутагт бэлчээрийн төлөв байдлын хувьд ялгаатай 20 цэгийг сонгон авч аалзны торны нягтшилыг ургамлын өндөр, бүрхэцтэй уялдуулан судлав. Судалгааны үр дүнд аалзны торны нягтшил буюу тор нэхэгч аалзны популяцийн хэмжээ ойт хээр, хээрийн бүсэд бэлчээрийн ургамлын төлөв байдал, мал сүргийн бэлчээрлэлтээс шууд хамаарч өөрчлөгддөг болохыг тогтоосон. Ургамлын өндөр, бүрхэц буурахад аалзны торны тоо хэмжээ дагаад буурах ба улмаар бэлчээрийн хөнөөлт шавжийг зохицуулах аалзны биологийн үүрэг доголдоно. Цаашид Монгол орны аалзны ангилал зүй, биологи, экологи, ургамал хамгааллын үүрэг ач холбогдлыг нарийвчлан судлах шаардлагатай.
УЛААН ХАЛЬСТ САРМИС (ALLIUM SATIVUM L.)-ЫГ МЕРИСТЕМИЙН ӨСГӨВРИЙН АРГААР ГАРГАН АВСАН ДҮН
Authors: М Жавзандулам , Б Буянчимэг , В Энхчимэг
Published: June 2017

Завхан аймгийн Улиастайд 300 гаруй жилийн өмнөөс тариалж ирсэн нутгийн ховордсон ургамал болох “Улаан хальст сармис” нь хүнсний төдийгүй эрүүл мэндэд онцгой ач холбогдолтой. Энэхүү судалгааны ажлын зорилго нь in vitro орчинд меристемийн эдийн өсгөврийн аргаар улаан хальст сармис (Allium sativum L.) –ны вирусын халдваргүй, бичил ургамал гаргах юм. Улаан хальст сармисны меристемийн ургалт in vitro орчинд 95% байсан. Меристемийн өсгөврийг кинетин 0.05 мг/л, нафталин цууны хүчил 0.15 мг/л өсөлтийн бодисын агууламжтай тэжээлт орчинд өсгөвөрлөх нь булцуу үүсэлтэнд тохиромжтой байсан ба сахарозын илүүдэлтэй тэжээлт орчинд булцууны өсөлт эрчимжиж байлаа. Улаан хальст сармисны меристемийг 1 мг/л концентрацитай нафталин цууны хүчилтэй тэжээлийн орчинд үндэслүүлэн хяналттай харьцуулахад үндэсний урт 2 дахин урт байгаа нь тохиромжтой нөхцөлд их хэмжээний булцуу гарган авах боломж бүрдэж байна.
ХАДУУРЫН ХЭРЭЭ ХОШУУ-СЕГМЕНТЭТ ХАДАХ АППАРАТЫН АЖИЛЛАГААГ СУДАЛСАН ДҮН
Authors: Б Мөнгөнцэцэг , Ч Бямбадорж
Published: June 2017

Өвсний хэрээ хошуу-сегментэт хадах аппаратын ажиллагааг лабораторын болон үйлдвэрлэлийн нөхцөлд судлав. Хадуур ажиллах явцад түүний хутганы (сегмент) хэрчих ирмэгээр ургамлыг түрж нөгөө талын эсрэг огтлогч хутга дээр очиж хэрчихээсээ өмнө тракторын хөдөлгөөний хурдаас хамааран янз бүрийн хэмжээтэй түрж байгаа төлвийг тодорхойлсон. Хадуурын ажиллагааг сайжруулах, бүтээмжийг нэмэгдүүлэхийн тулд хутганы хэрчих хурдыг ихэсгэх шаардлагатай бөгөөд үүний тулд одоогийн хэрэглэж байгаа зарим хадуурын хутганы хийцийг боловсронгуй болгох шаардлагатай болохыг үндэслэсэн.
ХУДГИЙН НАСОСНЫ АЖИЛЛАГААГ АВТОМАТЖУУЛАХ ТӨХӨӨРӨМЖИЙН СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Д Баатархүү , З Түвшинтөр , Ж Амгаланзул
Published: June 2017

Хөдөө орон нутагт худгийн мал услах ажиллагааг хүний оролцоогүйгээр, ухаалаг ажиллагаатай болгохын тулд сэргээгдэх эрчим хүчээр тэжээгдэж, автоматаар ажиллах төхөөрөмж зохион бүтээж ашигласан болно. Зохион бүтээсэн автомат удирдлагын төхөөрөмж нь хөдөлгөөн болон усны түвшин мэдрэгчүүдийн тусламжтайгаар мэдээлэл авч, уг мэдээллийг програмчилж өгсөн Arduinomega хавтан боловсруулж, худгийн насосны ажиллагааг автоматаар удирдах үүрэгтэй. Судалгааны обьектоор ил задгай усгүй газар буюу говь, тал хээрийн бүс хосолдог Дундговь аймгийн Говь-Угтаал сумын Морьт багт орших Жирэмийн худгийг сонгон авч 2016 оны 4 дүгээр сард нарны зайгаар ажилладаг автомат ажиллагаатай худгийн насосыг тавьж, туршилт явуулахад саадгүй ажиллаж, малыг хүлээлтгүйгээр усаар хангаж байлаа. Мөн тусгай хамгаалалтын ховордсон ан амьтдын ус хангамжинд ашиглах бүрэн боломжтой юм.
Төв аймгийн бор-уулын уулын перлитийн дулааны хөөлтийн горим
Authors: Ж Оюунцэцэг , Н Лхагва-Эрдэнэ , Л Мандахсайхан , Р Уламбаяр
Published: June 2017

The perlit from Bor-Uul deposit has been studied. We produced expended perlite by a heat expansion principle using a vertical stationary furnace at different conditions. The result showed that the perlite’s expansion significantly depends on the temperature ( 1050-12500С), time of the heating (20-240sec) and the particle size. We have the first time obtained highly expanded perlite with an expansion coefficient equal to 964 be using the vertical furnace at our laboratory.
Нүүрсний давхаргын метан хийн судалгаа
Authors: Б Баярсайхан , Б Авид
Published: June 2017

Байгаль орчны дулаарал нь дэлхий нийтийн өмнө тулгамдсан хамгийн чухал асуудлуудын нэг болоод байгаа бөгөөд Монгол улс хөгжиж байгаа орны хувьд хүлэмжийн хийн ялгаруулалтыг бууруулах олон улсын хүчин чармайлтыг дэмжиж, даян дэлхийн уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлтийн талаарх улс орнуудын өмнө тулгарч буй зорилтуудыг хэрэгжүүлэхэд идэвхтэй оролцож байна.
Хүний заяагдмал эрхийн салшгүй хэсэг болох нэр төр, алдар хүндийн тухай ойлголтын судалгаа
Authors: Ш Сүхбаатар
Published: June 2017

The first part attempts to describe how ideas of honor and dignity have existed in pre-modern history.The ideas of honor and dignity have been reflected in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in 1776 and amendments of the 1791 Constitution of the United States, leading to level of constitutions of countries across the globe. It can be considered that the concept of “Natural rights” spread throughout the United States and Europe has directed to the protection of human honor and dignity.The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, a multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1966, is one of the significant documents that has raised issues of human honor and dignity at the international level.The concept and theory on human honor and dignity have been initially developed at the level of national policy in Mongolia through its adoption of the 1992 Constitution. Therefore, human honor and dignity have been placed in the top of human values of life, and thereinafter, those issues have not been viewed separable from the existence of individuals.There have been challenges to conduct analysis from theoretical perspectives of issues of protecting human honor and dignity, and the quality of legal coordination on human honor and dignity protection of members of societies depends on the outcome of the protection. Overcoming the challenges depends on comprehensive theoretical studies and research philosophical and legal aspects of the issues.
Монгол орны нутал дэвсгэрт бүртгэгдсэн газар хөдлөлтийн төвүүдийн нягтаршил
Authors: Г Баяраа , Ключевский А В , С Дэмбэрэл
Published: June 2017

Map of earthquake epicenter density of Mongolia for the instrumental period (1964 - 2000) is presented. Seismic active zones are studied using information provided by the location of earthquake epicenters density. The results suggest that Mongolian territory could be divided into five seismic active and homogeneous sub- zones originated by the distribution of seismic active Cenozoic faults and epicenter density. Earthquake epicenter density and its spatial distribution are given a possibility to define and localize seismic active zones, current seismic pattern and its future dynamics of seismic activity in these zones. Most of earthquakes with the larger magnitude in the seismic active zones occurred in proximity to the statistically identified potential faults. Results of this study would be input parameters of seismic hazard assessment study of urban areas.
Влияние 10^(-5)-10^(-19) М водных растворов силатранов и крезацина на прорастание семян пшеницы
Authors: Воронков М Г , Г Долмаа , Ш Цэрэнпил , А Чимидцогзол , Макаров Л Е , М Баярмаа
Published: June 2017

The effect of 10-5 - 10-19 М aqueous solutions of 1-methylsilatrane (МS), 1-chloromethylsilatrane (CМS), 1-ethoxysilatrane (ES) and crezacin on the germination of wheat seeds has been studied. Under the action of MS, CMS and ES solutions the seeds germination alternatively increases 2-26%. The most effective were the following concentrations of the solutions: МS 0,6⋅10-6, 10-9, CМS 10-9, ES 10-15 (!) and crezacin 10-7 and 10-17 М (!). But even the treatment of seeds with 10-19 М solutions of МS, CМS, ES and crezacin resulted in higher seeds germination than in the control group. Thus, the data obtained have proved the efficiency of nanomolar (ultralow) dosages of the growth-regulating compounds and as well as alternative dependence of their activity on concentration.
Агаар мандал дахьусны уурын агууламжийг GPS хэмжилтээс тодорхойлсон дүн
Authors: Ш Амаржаргал , Г Даваахүү , Д Лхагвасүрэн , С Санжжад , Н Хишигжаргал , Ч Мөнхчимэг
Published: June 2017

Тропосферийн эгшин зуурын төлөв байдлыг илэрхийлэгч тундасжих усны уурын агууламжийг газрын GPS ажиглалтаас гадаргын цаг уурын мэдээ ашиглан гаргаж авах боломжтой. Байнгын ажиллагаатай хоёр давтамжийн GPS системийн сүлжээ нь агаар мандал дахь тундасжих усны уурын агуулгыг орон зайн болон цаг хугацааны өндөр нарийвчлалтай тандах хүчин чадалтай техникт тооцогддог. Монголд ажиллаж буй GEODGPS сүлжээний байнгын ажиллагаатай 4 станцийн ажиглалтын мэдээг бид анх удаа цаг уурын судалгааны зорилгоор ашигласан үр дүнг энд нийтэллээ. Тундасжих усны уурын агуулгыг Bewis-ын загварын агаарын дундаж температураар тооцоолсон бөгөөд боловсруулалтын үр дүнгийн нийцийг Олон Улсын GNSS Албаас гаргадаг 5 минутын завсамжтай тропосферийн бүтээгдэхүүнтэй харьцуулж тогтооход дундаж ялгавар(бодсон– IGS) = ±15 мм дотор байгаа нь хоёр бүтээгдэхүүний сайн нийлэмжтэйг харуулж байна.
Монголын зарим ордын хүрэн ба чулуун нүүрсний үнсний найрлагын судалгааны дүн
Authors: А Ариунаа , Б Пүрэвсүрэн , Ж Нарангэрэл , Вязова Н Г
Published: June 2017

Нүүрсний үнсний химийн найрлага нь түүний чухал шинж чанаруудын нэг бөгөөд ялангуяа нүүрсийг шатаах, үнсийг ашиглах  тохиололд үүнийг зайлшгүй судлах шаардлагатай байдаг. Нүүрсний үнсийг ашиглах нь нүүрсийг байгаль орчинд хор хөнөөлгүй үр ашигтай хэрэглэх асуудалтай шууд холбоотой болно. Энэхүү ажлаар Нарийн сухайт, Алагтогоо, Шарынгол, Шивээ Овоогийн ордуудын нүүрсний үнсний найрлагыг Рентгенфлюоресценцийн спектроскопийн аргаар судлан тогтоож эдгээр нүүрсний үнсийг үр ашигтайгаар хэрэглэж болох чиглэлүүдийг гарган ирсэн болно. Алагтогоогийн ордын нүүрсний үнсэнд төмрийн оксидын агуулга харьцангуй өндөр 56,6% байгаа нь уг нүүрсийг төмрийн үйлдвэрийн түүхий эд болгон ашиглах боломжтойг харуулж байна .
Exploring the Properties of Recycled Tyre Rubber for Flexible Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Nadia Khan  , Asra Nafees  , A. Hussain  , G. Zaidi  , M. Osama  , S. Ghaffar
Published: June 2017

In consideration of the issue related to the poor performance of asphalt pavements against climatic stresses and the need to contribute to the solution of the ever-increasing environmental hazards, the study paved the way for the recognition of using waste tyre as an asphalt binder modifier for pavement construction to settle the rising issue on waste disposal, while also improving the pavement properties.A series of experiments were conducted using different levels of recycled tyre rubber (RTR) substituted in asphalt binder. Marshall Stability and Marshall Immersion test were selected as basis to evaluate the properties. The results of experiments conducted on Marshall Mix samples demonstrated that stability of the pavements increased in a quadratic fashion with increasing fraction of RTR, and were found to be maximum at 10% rubber in asphalt mix, contributing an average enhancement of approximately 35% as compared to the conventional pavements. Furthermore, retained stability of samples was found to increase with increasing ratio of rubber substituted, making it a suitable candidate for modification in highly humid and rainy areas.
Recycling of Reverse Osmosis Concentrates to the Membrane Bioreactor in the MBR-RO Process for Water Reuse: effect on mbr performances
Authors: Vu Thi Thu Nga , Montaner Manon , Guigui Christelle
Published: June 2017

Wastewater effluents can be treated by an integrated membrane system combining membrane bioreactor (MBR) and reverse osmosis (RO) for effective removal of micropollutants in the field of high-quality water reuse. However, discharging the RO concentrate waste stream directly into the natural environment could lead to serious problems due to the toxic components contained in the concentrates (micropollutants, salts, organic matter). A possible solution could be the recirculation of RO concentrate waste to the MBR. However, such an operation should be studied in detail since the recirculation of non-biodegradable organic matter or high concentrations of salts and micropollutants could directly or indirectly contribute to MBR membrane fouling and modification of the biodegradation activity. In this context, the work reported here focused on the recirculation of such concentrates in an MBR, paying specific attention to MBR membrane fouling. Lab-scale experiments were performed on a continuous MBR-RO treatment line with RO concentrate recirculation. The main goal was to determine the recovery of the RO unit and of the global process that maintained good process performance in terms of biodegradation and MBR fouling. The results demonstrate that the impact of the toxic flow on activated sludge depends on the recovery of the RO step but the same trends were observed regardless of the organic matter and salt contents of the concentrates: the concentration of proteins increased slightly. Size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-SEC) was employed to study the effects of RO concentrate on the production of protein-like soluble microbial products (SMPs) and demonstrated a significant peak of protein-like substances corresponding to 10-100 kDa and 100-1 000 kDa molecules in the supernatant. Thus a significant increase in the propensity for sludge fouling was observed, which could be attributed to the increased quantity of protein-like substances. Finally, the effect of the concentrate on sludge activity was studied and no significant effect was observed on biodegradation, indicating that the return of the concentrate to the MBR could be a good alternative.
Analysis of Israel's Foreign Policy Concerning Iraqi's Kurdistan (2003-2015)
Authors: Latifi Ali , Jalalpoor Shiva
Published: June 2017

Analysis of the Israel's Foreign Policy is one of the important issues concerned by the researchers of the international and regional affairs. Israel's Foreign Policy in years 2003-2015 has witnessed a lot of events. In these years, transformation of the Iraq's internal structures including the fall of the Baath Regime in Iraq and appearance of the terroristic group of Dashi (ISIS) in this country has provided new opportunities and challenges for the Israel's Foreign Policy. In this regard, establishment of a republic system in Iraq and the reinforcement of the Kurdish streams, specially during the current transformations and the increasing desires for the independence in Iraqi's Kurdistan, have paved the way for Israel to intensify its activities in the region. In this regard, the current study has approach the issue of Israel's Foreign Policy concerning Iraqi's Kurdistan during the years 2003-2015 with a descriptive analytic method. The achieved results show that the political reasons (alliance of the periphery and development of the strategic depth in closeness to Iran), economic (accessing the energy and mineral resources in Iraqi's Kurdistan, the importance of the Kurdistan's hydro-politic resources for Israel and the Israel's economical influence from the Nile to the Euphrates), military-security (presence in the strategic environment of Iran and the external threats in the Middle East, creation of an environmental crisis un the Kurdish region of the Middle East, weakening the Iraqi's central government and disintegration of this country, Israel's security-intelligence expansion, acquiring a strategic territory and getting out of isolation and the resolving the its legitimacy crisis, controlling the currents of thought in this region), all have been influential in thein Israel's Foreign Policy Concerning Iraqi's Kurdistan. 
The Ecological Aspects of Local Pottery in Guilan, Iran
Authors: Ziaee Majid , Nadalian Ahmad , Marasy Mohsen
Published: June 2017

The modern world is facing pervasive environmental problems and pollution crisis, while in the previous eras, meeting one's need through environment would inflict less harm on one's surroundings. In traditional artifacts, compatibility with the natural environment does exist and in many aspects has been suited with the climate and environmental features of every locality. The main purpose of the study is to identify and introduce the environmental features of pottery of Guilan, Iran. This is achieved by investigating the interaction between the local potters and their environment. The primary data are collected through library resources, field observation and visiting active potteries in Guilan. In this regard, the main research questions of the present study are as follows: What are the features of Guilan local pottery? What features are compatible with environmental standards? To conduct the study, a descriptive-analytical method is employed. The findings show that pottery in Guilan is not a threat to the environment in terms of local knowledge in using raw material, finding resources of renewable energy, community-based manpower, optimum exploitation of time and energy, potteryware designing with various functions, and re-using a product for further purposes. Nonetheless, there exist some issues which are not environmentally friendly like failure to modernize the potteryware to be of use for current needs, high rate of waste over the production process, and using toxic materials in glazing. Therefore, raising environmental awareness of locals, cultural diffusion, informing the users of the benefits of using pottery, and making improvements to the cycle of design, producing, and marketing all play substantial role in preserving local pottery.
Silylating Agents
Authors: Pape Peter G.
Published: June 2017

Silylating agents are silicon‐based chemicals that are used to modify organic and inorganic substrates to impart physical and chemical modifications to those substrates. Once those substrates are modified by silylation, the silane‐treated chemical exhibits varying changes in physical and chemical properties such as changes in volatility, altered chemical reactivity, enabling analytical procedure, changes in chemical properties, effects on solubility phenomena, change in organic reactivity of inorganic substrates, and other property changes. The goal of this article is to describe the various methods and materials used in silylation, describe many of the various technologies that silylation enables, and provide references to support the many documented procedures.
Ionospheric data assimilation applied to HF geolocation in the presence of traveling ionospheric disturbances
Authors: Mitchell C. N. , Rankov N. R. , Bust G. S. , Miller E. , Gaussiran T. , Calfas R. , Doyle J. D. , Teig L. J. , Werth J. L. , Dekine I.
Published: June 2017

Ionospheric data assimilation is a technique to evaluate the 3‐D time varying distribution of electron density using a combination of a physics‐based model and observations. A new ionospheric data assimilation method is introduced that has the capability to resolve traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). TIDs are important because they cause strong delay and refraction to radio signals that are detrimental to the accuracy of high‐frequency (HF) geolocation systems. The capability to accurately specify the ionosphere through data assimilation can correct systems for the error caused by the unknown ionospheric refraction. The new data assimilation method introduced here uses ionospheric models in combination with observations of HF signals from known transmitters. The assimilation methodology was tested by the ability to predict the incoming angles of HF signals from transmitters at a set of nonassimilated test locations. The technique is demonstrated and validated using observations collected during 2 days of a dedicated campaign of ionospheric measurements at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico in January 2014. This is the first time that full HF ionospheric data assimilation using an ensemble run of a physics‐based model of ionospheric TIDs has been demonstrated. The results show a significant improvement over HF angle‐of‐arrival prediction using an empirical model and also over the classic method of single‐site location using an ionosonde close to the midpoint of the path. The assimilative approach is extendable to include other types of ionospheric measurements.
Radial solute transport in highly heterogeneous aquifers: Modeling and experimental comparison
Authors: Di Dato Mariaines , Fiori Aldo , de Barros Felipe P. J. , Bellin Alberto
Published: June 2017

We analyze solute transport in a radially converging 3‐D flow field in a porous medium with spatially heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity (K). The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of heterogeneity and the mode of injection on BreakThrough Curves (BTCs) detected at a well pumping a contaminated aquifer. The aquifer is conceptualized as an ensemble of blocks of uniform but contrasting K and the analysis makes use of the travel time approach. Despite the approximations introduced, the model reproduces a laboratory experiment without calibration of transport parameters. Our results also show excellent agreement with numerical simulations for different levels of heterogeneity. We focus on the impact on the BTC of both heterogeneity in K and solute release conditions. It is shown that the injection mode matters, and the differences in the BTCs between uniform and flux‐proportional injection increase with the heterogeneity of the K‐field. Furthermore, we study the effect of heterogeneity and mode of injection on early and late arrivals at the well.
A revised radiation package of G‐packed McICA and two‐stream approximation: Performance evaluation in a global weather forecasting model
Authors: Baek Sunghye
Published: June 2017

For more efficient and accurate computation of radiative flux, improvements have been achieved in two aspects, integration of the radiative transfer equation over space and angle. First, the treatment of the Monte Carlo‐independent column approximation (MCICA) is modified focusing on efficiency using a reduced number of random samples (“G‐packed”) within a reconstructed and unified radiation package. The original McICA takes 20% of CPU time of radiation in the Global/Regional Integrated Model systems (GRIMs). The CPU time consumption of McICA is reduced by 70% without compromising accuracy. Second, parameterizations of shortwave two‐stream approximations are revised to reduce errors with respect to the 16‐stream discrete ordinate method. Delta‐scaled two‐stream approximation (TSA) is almost unanimously used in Global Circulation Model (GCM) but contains systematic errors which overestimate forward peak scattering as solar elevation decreases. These errors are alleviated by adjusting the parameterizations of each scattering element—aerosol, liquid, ice and snow cloud particles. Parameterizations are determined with 20,129 atmospheric columns of the GRIMs data and tested with 13,422 independent data columns. The result shows that the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) over the all atmospheric layers is decreased by 39% on average without significant increase in computational time. Revised TSA developed and validated with a separate one‐dimensional model is mounted on GRIMs for mid‐term numerical weather forecasting. Monthly averaged global forecast skill scores are unchanged with revised TSA but the temperature at lower levels of the atmosphere (pressure
700 hPa) is slightly increased (< 0.5 K) with corrected atmospheric absorption.
Small‐scale distributions in an indoor environment at 94 GHz
Authors: Reig J. , Martinez‐Ingles M. T. , Molina‐Garcia‐Pardo J. M. , Rubio L. , Rodrigo‐Peñarrocha V. M.
Published: June 2017

In this paper, an extensive multiple‐input multiple‐output measurement campaign in a lab environment has been conducted at the 94 GHz band. Using a vector network analyzer, updown converters, and omnidirectional antennas displaced in virtual arrays, we have obtained an estimation of the distribution parameters for the most usual distributions employed in the small‐scale fading modeling, i.e., Rayleigh, Rice, Nakagami‐m and α‐μ, by using statistical inference techniques. Moreover, in this scenario the best fit distribution to the experimental data is the Weibull distribution, using the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test. However, the α‐μ distribution provides the best fitting to the experimental results in terms of the lower tails of the distributions.
The foam drainage equation for drainage dynamics in unsaturated porous media
Authors: Lehmann P. , Hoogland F. , Assouline S. , Or D.
Published: June 2017

Similarity in liquid‐phase configuration and drainage dynamics of wet foam and gravity drainage from unsaturated porous media expands modeling capabilities for capillary flows and supplements the standard Richards equation representation. The governing equation for draining foam (or a soil variant termed the soil foam drainage equation—SFDE) obviates the need for macroscopic unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function by an explicit account of diminishing flow pathway sizes as the medium gradually drains. The study provides new and simple analytical expressions for drainage rates and volumes from unsaturated porous media subjected to different boundary conditions. Two novel analytical solutions for saturation profile evolution were derived and tested in good agreement with a numerical solution of the SFDE. The study and the proposed solutions rectify the original formulation of foam drainage dynamics of Or and Assouline (2013). The new framework broadens the scope of methods available for quantifying unsaturated flow in porous media, where the intrinsic conductivity and geometrical representation of capillary drainage could improve understanding of colloid and pathogen transport. The explicit geometrical interpretation of flow pathways underlying the hydraulic functions used by the Richards equation offers new insights that benefit both approaches.
Indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin in chronic kidney disease, suppresses both bone formation and bone resorption
Authors: Watanabe Kenta , Tominari Tsukasa , Hirata Michiko , Matsumoto Chiho , Hirata Junya , Murphy Gillian , Nagase Hideaki , Miyaura Chisato , Inada Masaki
Published: June 2017

Abnormalities of bone turnover are commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the low‐turnover bone disease is considered to be associated with low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and skeletal resistance to PTH. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a representative uremic toxin that accumulates in the blood of patients with CKD. Recently, we have reported that IS exacerbates low bone turnover induced by parathyroidectomy (PTX) in adult rats, and suggested that IS directly induces low bone turnover through the inhibition of bone formation by mechanisms unrelated to skeletal resistance to PTH. To define the direct action of IS in bone turnover, we examined the effects of IS on bone formation and bone resorption in vitro. In cultures of mouse primary osteoblasts, IS suppressed the expression of osterix, osteocalcin, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) mRNA and clearly inhibited the formation of mineralized bone nodules. Therefore, IS directly acts on osteoblastic cells to suppress bone formation. On the other hand, IS suppressed interleukin (IL)‐1‐induced osteoclast formation in cocultures of bone marrow cells and osteoblasts, and IL‐1‐induced bone resorption in calvarial organ cultures. In cultures of osteoblasts, IS suppressed the mRNA expression of RANKL, the receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand, which is a pivotal factor for osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, IS acted on osteoclast precursor, bone marrow‐derived macrophages and RAW264.7 cells, and suppressed RANKL‐dependent differentiation into mature osteoclasts. IS may induce low‐turnover bone disease in patients with CKD by its direct action on both osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors to suppress bone formation and bone resorption.
Chemometrics for Food Quality Control and Authentication
Authors: Cocchi Marina
Published: June 2017

The concern of society about food nowadays extends to the several aspects linked to food consumption encompassing nutritional value, health, safety, and quality, as well as ethics, sustainability, tradition, communication, marketing, and so on. The increased information available to the consumers, the awareness of the impact of diet on healthiness, and the issues brought by globalization of the food market on one hand and the institution of the Common Market (European Union (EU) countries) and its regulations on the other hand have progressively changed the leading paradigms in food science and the essential topics for the food industry. Undoubtedly, ‘quality’ is a primary criterion to access the market. However, quality is a multifaceted concept including both aspects, the set of identifiable features of a product and accountability, trustiness linked to it. Thus, quality is usually an integrated measure of several characteristics deliberately produced (sophistication, adulteration, counterfeit, appearance, etc.) or not (purity, contamination, degradation, etc.) and also of the subjective consumer's perception of the worth of the product (to which issues such as terroir, authenticity, origin, and production practice contribute). In this context, quality control and authentication require a step beyond traditional chemical analysis and characterization, which focuses mainly on single classes of constituents/properties, moving to fingerprinting, fast, nondestructive techniques. In this perspective, the role of chemometrics is of paramount importance to efficiently extract the relevant information and by providing tailored tools that allow exploratory data analysis, graphical representation, and validation of the models during all steps of data processing as well as efficient storage, retrieval, and sharing of information.
C
haucer: Translations
Authors: Machan Tim William
Published: June 2017

Translation was crucial to Chaucer's work as a literary artist. Whether rendering the works of Antique authors like Ovid or modern ones like Boccaccio, Chaucer drew on source texts for much of his literary production. At the same time, the role of the translator offered Chaucer a way to fashion his own role as a literary artist. In that role he could defer to authority of established writers, even as his reworking of plots and amplification of stylistic nuances enabled him to express his own creative individuality.