bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manejo de los pacientes pediátricos en fin de vida: una revisión narrativa de la literatura
Authors: Peláez Cristancho Cristhian David , Lince Rivera Isabella , Estrada Cano Diana Carolina , Manrique Díaz Mónica
Published: July 2023

Los avances médicos han ocasionado una mayor tasa de recuperación de la salud y supervivencia en la población pediátrica, además de prolongar la sobrevida de aquellos con condiciones crónicas, que, en ocasiones, han logrado una buena calidad de vida en ellos. Sin embargo, existen niños y adolescentes con enfermedades complejas, limitantes o amenazantes de la vida que, pese a contar con todas las alternativas de tratamientos disponibles, sus condiciones resultan irreversibles y los llevan a una rápida progresión hacia la muerte. Es fundamental establecer en ellos y en sus familias una atención que brinde apoyo en los últimos días de vida, ajustados a un plan de preparación y acompañamiento que incluya aspectos físicos, emocionales, sociales y espirituales, a fin de evitar medidas potencialmente inapropiadas. El hecho que un paciente ingrese a un protocolo de fin de vida no solo tiene implicaciones médicas, sino también éticas y morales, por lo que es imperativo tener protocolos de atención con la mejor evidencia posible, que permita un acompañamiento integral y adaptado a las necesidades de cada paciente y su familia. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es resumir la evidencia que hay en la literatura nacional e internacional con respecto al manejo de estos pacientes
A modal expansion method for simulating reverberant sound fields generated by a directional source in a rectangular enclosure
Authors: Zhong Jiaxin , Zou Haishan , Lu Jing
Published: July 2023

The prediction of reverberant sound fields generated by a directional source is of great interest because practical sound sources are not omnidirectional, especially at high frequencies. For an arbitrary directional source described by cylindrical and spherical harmonics, this paper developed a modal expansion method for calculating the reverberant sound field generated by such a source in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional rectangular enclosures with finite impedance walls. The key is to express the modal source density using the cylindrical or spherical harmonic expansion coefficients of the directional source. A method based on the fast Fourier transform is proposed to enable the fast computation of the summation of enclosure modes when walls are lightly damped or rigid. This makes it possible to obtain accurate reverberant sound fields even in a large room and/or at high frequencies with a relatively low computational load. Numerical results with several typical directional sources are presented. The efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed method are validated by the comparison to the results obtained using the finite element method.
Hydration layer structure modulates superlubrication by trivalent La
3+
electrolytes
Authors: Han Tianyi , Cao Wei , Xu Zhi , Adibnia Vahid , Olgiati Matteo , Valtiner Markus , Ma Liran , Zhang Chenhui , Ma Ming , Luo Jianbin , Banquy Xavier
Published: July 2023

Water-based lubricants provide lubrication of rubbing surfaces in many technical, biological, and physiological applications. The structure of hydrated ion layers adsorbed on solid surfaces that determine the lubricating properties of aqueous lubricants is thought to be invariable in hydration lubrication. However, we prove that the ion surface coverage dictates the roughness of the hydration layer and its lubricating properties, especially under subnanometer confinement. We characterize different hydration layer structures on surfaces lubricated by aqueous trivalent electrolytes. Two superlubrication regimes are observed with friction coefficients of 10
−4
and 10
−3
, depending on the structure and thickness of the hydration layer. Each regime exhibits a distinct energy dissipation pathway and a different dependence to the hydration layer structure. Our analysis supports the idea of an intimate relationship between the dynamic structure of a boundary lubricant film and its tribological properties and offers a framework to study such relationship at the molecular level.
Reconstitution of morphogen shuttling circuits
Authors: Zhu Ronghui , Santat Leah A. , Markson Joseph S. , Nandagopal Nagarajan , Gregrowicz Jan , Elowitz Michael B.
Published: July 2023

Developing tissues form spatial patterns by establishing concentration gradients of diffusible signaling proteins called morphogens. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) morphogen pathway uses a family of extracellular modulators to reshape signaling gradients by actively “shuttling” ligands to different locations. It has remained unclear what circuits are sufficient to enable shuttling, what other patterns they can generate, and whether shuttling is evolutionarily conserved. Here, using a synthetic, bottom-up approach, we compared the spatiotemporal dynamics of different extracellular circuits. Three proteins—Chordin, Twsg, and the BMP-1 protease—successfully displaced gradients by shuttling ligands away from the site of production. A mathematical model explained the different spatial dynamics of this and other circuits. Last, combining mammalian and
Drosophila
components in the same system suggests that shuttling is a conserved capability. Together, these results reveal principles through which extracellular circuits control the spatiotemporal dynamics of morphogen signaling.
Transferable learning on analog hardware
Authors: Vadlamani Sri Krishna , Englund Dirk , Hamerly Ryan
Published: July 2023

While analog neural network (NN) accelerators promise massive energy and time savings, an important challenge is to make them robust to static fabrication error. Present-day training methods for programmable photonic interferometer circuits, a leading analog NN platform, do not produce networks that perform well in the presence of static hardware errors. Moreover, existing hardware error correction techniques either require individual retraining of every analog NN (which is impractical in an edge setting with millions of devices), place stringent demands on component quality, or introduce hardware overhead. We solve all three problems by introducing one-time error-aware training techniques that produce robust NNs that match the performance of ideal hardware and can be exactly transferred to arbitrary highly faulty photonic NNs with hardware errors up to five times larger than present-day fabrication tolerances.
Experimental probe of twist angle–dependent band structure of on-chip optical bilayer photonic crystal
Authors: Tang Haoning , Lou Beicheng , Du Fan , Zhang Mingjie , Ni Xueqi , Xu Weijie , Jin Rebekah , Fan Shanhui , Mazur Eric
Published: July 2023

Recently, twisted bilayer photonic materials have been extensively used for creating and studying photonic tunability through interlayer couplings. While twisted bilayer photonic materials have been experimentally demonstrated in microwave regimes, a robust platform for experimentally measuring optical frequencies has been elusive. Here, we demonstrate the first on-chip optical twisted bilayer photonic crystal with twist angle–tunable dispersion and great simulation-experiment agreement. Our results reveal a highly tunable band structure of twisted bilayer photonic crystals due to moiré scattering. This work opens the door to realizing unconventional twisted bilayer properties and novel applications in optical frequency regimes.
Response to Comment on “Inhibition mechanism of NKCC1 involves the carboxyl terminus and long-range conformational coupling”
Authors: Moseng Mitchell A. , Su Chih-Chia , Klenotic Philip A. , Delpire Eric , Yu Edward W.
Published: July 2023

Moseng
et al.
recently reported four cryo–electron microscopy structures of the human Na-K-2Cl cotransporter-1 (hNKCC1), both in the absence and presence of bound loop diuretic (furosemide or bumetanide). This research article included high-resolution structural information for a previously undefined structure of apo-hNKCC1 containing both the transmembrane and cytosolic carboxyl-terminal domains. The manuscript also demonstrated various conformational states of this cotransporter induced by diuretic drugs. On the basis of the structural information, the authors proposed a scissor-like inhibition mechanism that involves a coupled movement between the cytosolic and transmembrane domains of hNKCC1. This work has provided important insights into the mechanism of inhibition and substantiated the concept of a long-distance coupling involving movements of both the transmembrane and carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domains for inhibition.
A monolayer crystalline covalent network of polyoxometalate clusters
Authors: Li Haoyang , Zheng Lirong , Lu Qichen , Li Zhong , Wang Xun
Published: July 2023

Monolayer two-dimensional (2D) materials are of great interest because of their unique electronic structures, noticeable in-plane confinement effect, and exceptional catalytic properties. Here, we prepared 2D covalent networks of polyoxometalate clusters (CN-POM) featuring monolayer crystalline molecular sheets, formed by the covalent connection between tetragonally arranged POM clusters. The CN-POM shows a superior catalytic efficiency in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol, and the conversion rate is five times higher than that of the POM cluster units. Theoretical calculations show that in-plane electron delocalization of CN-POM contributes to easier electron transfer and increases catalytic efficiency. Moreover, the conductivity of the covalently interconnected molecular sheets was 46 times greater than that of individual POM clusters. The preparation of monolayer covalent network of POM clusters provides a strategy to synthesize advanced cluster-based 2D materials and a precise molecular model to investigate the electronic structure of crystalline covalent networks.
Enhancing social connectedness with companion robots using AI
Authors: Broadbent Elizabeth , Billinghurst Mark , Boardman Samantha G. , Doraiswamy P. Murali
Published: July 2023

Companion robots with AI may usher a new science of social connectedness that requires the development of ethical frameworks.
RNF41 orchestrates macrophage-driven fibrosis resolution and hepatic regeneration
Authors: Moreno-Lanceta Alazne , Medrano-Bosch Mireia , Fundora Yilliam , Perramón Meritxell , Aspas Jessica , Parra-Robert Marina , Baena Sheila , Fondevila Constantino , Edelman Elazer R. , Jiménez Wladimiro , Melgar-Lesmes Pedro
Published: July 2023

Hepatic inflammation is a common trigger of chronic liver disease. Macrophage activation is a predictive parameter for survival in patients with cirrhosis. Ring finger protein 41 (RNF41) negatively regulates proinflammatory cytokines and receptors; however, the precise involvement of macrophage RNF41 in liver cirrhosis remains unknown. Here, we sought to understand how RNF41 dictates macrophage fate in hepatic fibrosis and repair within the inflammatory milieu. We found that
RNF41
expression is down-regulated in CD11b
+
macrophages recruited to mouse fibrotic liver and to patient cirrhotic liver regardless of cirrhosis etiology. Prolonged inflammation with TNF-α progressively reduced macrophage
RNF41
expression. We designed a macrophage-selective gene therapy with dendrimer-graphite nanoparticles (DGNPs) to explore the influence of macrophage RNF41 restoration and depletion in liver fibrosis and regeneration.
RNF41
expression induced in CD11b
+
macrophages by DGNP-conjugated plasmids ameliorated liver fibrosis, reduced liver injury, and stimulated hepatic regeneration in fibrotic mice with or without hepatectomy. This therapeutic effect was mainly mediated by the induction of insulin-like growth factor 1. Conversely, depletion of macrophage
RNF41
worsened inflammation, fibrosis, hepatic damage, and survival. Our data reveal implications of macrophage RNF41 in the control of hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration and provide a rationale for therapeutic strategies in chronic liver disease and potentially other diseases characterized by inflammation and fibrosis.
Hepatitis delta virus RNA decline post-inoculation in human NTCP transgenic mice is biphasic
Authors: Maya Stephanie , Hershkovich Leeor , Cardozo-Ojeda E. Fabian , Shirvani-Dastgerdi Elham , Srinivas Jay , Shekhtman Louis , Uprichard Susan L. , Berneshawi Andrew R. , Cafiero Thomas R. , Dahari Harel , Ploss Alexander
Published: July 2023

Chronic infection with hepatitis B and delta viruses (HDV) is the most serious form of viral hepatitis due to more severe manifestations of an accelerated progression to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We characterized early HDV kinetics post-inoculation and incorporated mathematical modeling to provide insights into host-HDV dynamics. We analyzed HDV RNA serum viremia in 192 immunocompetent (C57BL/6) and immunodeficient (NRG) mice that did or did not transgenically express the HDV receptor—human sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (hNTCP). Kinetic analysis indicates an unanticipated biphasic decline consisting of a sharp first-phase and slower second-phase decline regardless of immunocompetence. HDV decline after re-inoculation again followed a biphasic decline; however, a steeper second-phase HDV decline was observed in NRG-hNTCP mice compared to NRG mice. HDV-entry inhibitor bulevirtide administration and HDV re-inoculation indicated that viral entry and receptor saturation are not major contributors to clearance, respectively. The biphasic kinetics can be mathematically modeled by assuming the existence of a non-specific-binding compartment with a constant on/off-rate and the steeper second-phase decline by a loss of bound virus that cannot be returned as free virus to circulation. The model predicts that free HDV is cleared with a half-life of 35 minutes (standard error, SE: 6.3), binds to non-specific cells with a rate of 0.05 per hour (SE: 0.01), and returns as free virus with a rate of 0.11 per hour (SE: 0.02). Characterizing early HDV-host kinetics elucidates how quickly HDV is either cleared or bound depending on the immunological background and hNTCP presence.

IMPORTANCE

The persistence phase of HDV infection has been studied in some animal models; however, the early kinetics of HDV
in vivo
is incompletely understood. In this study, we characterize an unexpectedly HDV biphasic decline post-inoculation in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mouse models and use mathematical modeling to provide insights into HDV-host dynamics.
Hemin availability induces coordinated DNA methylation and gene expression changes in
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Costeira Ricardo , Aduse-Opoku Joseph , Vernon Jon J. , Rodriguez-Algarra Francisco , Joseph Susan , Devine Deirdre A. , Marsh Philip D. , Rakyan Vardhman , Curtis Michael A. , Bell Jordana T.
Published: July 2023

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease in which the oral pathogen
Porphyromonas gingivalis
plays an important role.
Porphyromonas gingivalis
expresses virulence determinants in response to higher hemin concentrations, but the underlying regulatory processes remain unclear. Bacterial DNA methylation has the potential to fulfil this mechanistic role. We characterized the methylome of
P. gingivalis
, and compared its variation to transcriptome changes in response to hemin availability.
Porphyromonas gingivalis
W50 was grown in chemostat continuous culture with excess or limited hemin, prior to whole-methylome and transcriptome profiling using Nanopore and Illumina RNA-Seq. DNA methylation was quantified for Dam/Dcm motifs and all-context N6-methyladenine (6mA) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC). Of all 1,992 genes analyzed, 161 and 268 were respectively over- and under-expressed with excess hemin. Notably, we detected differential DNA methylation signatures for the Dam “GATC” motif and both all-context 6mA and 5mC in response to hemin availability. Joint analyses identified a subset of coordinated changes in gene expression, 6mA, and 5mC methylation that target genes involved in lactate utilization and ABC transporters. The results identify altered methylation and expression responses to hemin availability in
P. gingivalis
, with insights into mechanisms regulating its virulence in periodontal disease.

IMPORTANCE

DNA methylation has important roles in bacteria, including in the regulation of transcription.
Porphyromonas gingivalis
, an oral pathogen in periodontitis, exhibits well-established gene expression changes in response to hemin availability. However, the regulatory processes underlying these effects remain unknown. We profiled the novel
P. gingivalis
epigenome, and assessed epigenetic and transcriptome variation under limited and excess hemin conditions. As expected, multiple gene expression changes were detected in response to limited and excess hemin that reflect health and disease, respectively. Notably, we also detected differential DNA methylation signatures for the Dam “GATC” motif and both all-context 6mA and 5mC in response to hemin. Joint analyses identified coordinated changes in gene expression, 6mA, and 5mC methylation that target genes involved in lactate utilization and ABC transporters. The results identify novel regulatory processes underlying the mechanism of hemin regulated gene expression in
P. gingivalis,
with phenotypic impacts on its virulence in periodontal disease.
Microbiomes Detected by Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Patients with Pulmonary Infection
Authors: Tan Yuting , Chen Zhong , Zeng Ziwei , Wu Songjie , Liu Jie , Zou Shi , Wang Min , Liang Ke
Published: July 2023

A better understanding of lung microorganisms is conducive to early diagnosis and treatment and will improve the prognosis of HIV-infected patients with pulmonary infection. Currently, few studies have systematically described the spectrum of pulmonary infection among HIV-infected patients.
Vemurafenib Inhibits Acute and Chronic Enterovirus Infection by Affecting Cellular Kinase Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Type IIIβ
Authors: Laajala Mira , Zwaagstra Marleen , Martikainen Mari , Nekoua Magloire Pandoua , Benkahla Mehdi , Sane Famara , Gervais Emily , Campagnola Grace , Honkimaa Anni , Sioofy-Khojine Amir-Babak , Hyöty Heikki , Ojha Ravi , Bailliot Marie , Balistreri Giuseppe , Peersen Olve , Hober Didier , Van Kuppeveld Frank , Marjomäki Varpu
Published: July 2023

Despite the prevalence and medical threat of enteroviruses, presently, there are no antivirals against them. Here, we show that vemurafenib, an FDA-approved RAF kinase inhibitor for treating BRAF
V600E
mutant-related melanoma, prevents enterovirus translation and replication.
Bioinformatics and Structural Analysis of Antigenic Variation in the Hemagglutinin Gene of the Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Circulating in Shiraz (2013 to 2015)
Authors: Mortazavi Mojtaba , Pirbonyeh Neda , Javanmardi Fatemeh , Emami Amir
Published: July 2023

Due to the fact that the mutations that occurred in the influenza virus HA cause the instability of the protein produced by the virus and antigenic changes and the escape of the virus from the immune system, the mutations that occurred in A/Shiraz/1/2013 were investigated in terms of energy level and stability. The mutations located in a globular portion of the HA are S188T, Q191H, S270P, K285Q, and P299L.
Cd isotopic constraints on the sources of Zn-Sb deposits: A case study of the Jianzhupo Zn-Sb deposit, Guangxi Province, China
Authors: Yang Zhen , Zhu Chuanwei , Wen Hanjie , Zhang Yuxu , Fan Haifeng , Song Wenrui , Wu Yunzhu , Zhou Chuang , Luais Béatrice
Published: July 2023

Antimony (Sb) is identified as a critical metal in many countries. The source of hydrothermal Sb-bearing deposits is currently debated in two opposing models (magmatic fluids or country rocks). Some Sb-bearing hydrothermal systems host abundant cadmium (Cd). Due to the close association of Cd and Sb in hydrothermal systems and the distinct Cd isotopic signatures between magmatic and sedimentary rocks, Cd isotopes have the potential to trace the metal origin in Sb-bearing deposits. Here, we conducted Cd isotope analyses of sulfide (jamesonite and sphalerite) collected from the Jianzhupo Zn-Sb deposit, SW China. A narrow range of δ114/110Cd relative to NIST SRM 3108 Cd standard was observed in sphalerites (−0.15‰ to +0.18‰; mean = 0.03‰ ± 0.10‰, one standard deviation [1SD]), identical to that of intermediate igneous rocks (−0.20‰ to +0.15‰); in contrast, pure jamesonites show a large range of δ114/110Cd (−0.42‰ to +0.17‰; mean = −0.22‰ ± 0.20‰, 1SD), differing from those of sphalerite. Different Cd isotope signatures between jamesonite and sphalerite are unlikely to have been triggered by sulfide precipitation, vapor-liquid phase separation, diffusion, and different Cd-S bond strengths. Instead, based on a comparison of δ114/110Cd and Zn/Cd ratio of sulfide and potential source rocks, we propose that a mixing of two ore-forming endmembers, derived from igneous and sedimentary rocks, may better explain the sulfide Cd isotopic signatures. This is supported by the well-defined positive correlation between δ114/110Cd and Zn/Cd ratio in sulfides. This study shows a novel application of Cd isotopes for metallogenetic tracing and demonstrates that Sb-bearing hydrothermal systems can incorporate metals from multiple sources.
Runoff required to drive postimpact gully development on the walls of Meteor Crater (Arizona, USA)
Authors: Palucis Marisa C. , Howard Alan D. , Kring David A. , Nishiizumi Kuni , Caffee Marc , Dietrich William E.
Published: July 2023

Since the impact ∼50,000 yr ago, surface runoff has entrained and transported sediment from the walls to the floor of Meteor Crater (Arizona, USA). Previous work interpreted this erosion and deposition to be due to predominantly fluvial (i.e., dilute water transport) processes. However, light detection and ranging (LiDAR)−derived topographic data and field observations indicate that debris flows dominated, which were likely generated by runoff that entrained the talus that borders bedrock cliffs high on the crater walls. The low gradient of the crater floor caused debris flows to stop, leaving lobate deposits, while fluvial processes delivered sediment toward the center of the crater. Cosmogenic radionuclide dating of levee deposits suggests that debris-flow activity ceased in the late Pleistocene, synchronous with regional drying. Assuming a rock-to-water ratio of 0.3 at the time of transport by mass flows, it would have taken ∼2 × 106 m3 of water to transport the estimated ∼6.8 × 106 m3 of debris-flow deposits found at the surface of the crater floor. This extensive erosion would require ∼6 m of total runoff over the 0.35 km2 upslope source area of the crater, or ∼18 mm of runoff per debris-flow event. Much more runoff did occur, as evidenced by crater lake deposits, Holocene fluvial activity (which produced little erosion), and contemporary rainfall rates. Rarely on Earth is the total amount of water that creates and runs through a landscape estimated, yet such calculations are commonly done on Mars. Our analysis suggests that erosional and depositional landforms may record only a small fraction of the total runoff.
Supplemental Material: Previously melt-depleted mantle beneath the Cascades Range arc
Authors: Yuh Ian , Day James
Published: July 2023

Detailed methods, additional figures, and ten tables.  
Supplemental Material: A window into development of a complex ice-marginal lake prior to the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Austria
Authors: Le Heron Daniel , al. et
Published: July 2023

Supplemental material part 1: palaeo-glaciological maps; supplemental material part 2: high-resolution orthophoto.  
Disruption to routine diabetes care processes during the pandemic: evidence from a large integrated health system in the Southeast United States
Authors: Harding Jessica L , Wang Yanan , McDonald Bennett , Gander Jennifer C , Oviedo Sofia A , Ali Mohammed K
Published: July 2023

Introduction

We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on annual adherence to seven diabetes care guidelines and risk factor management among people with diabetes.

Research design and methods

We included all adults (aged ≥18 years) with prevalent diabetes as of 1 January 2018, who were continuously enrolled at Kaiser Permanente Georgia (KPGA) through 31 December 2021 (n=22 854). Prevalent diabetes was defined as a history of at least one of a diagnosis code for diabetes, use of antihyperglycemic medication, or at least one laboratory value of HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose or random glucose in the diabetic range. We defined pre-COVID (2018–2019) and during COVID (2020–2021) cohorts. Cohort-specific laboratory measurements (ie, blood pressure (BP), HbA1c, cholesterol, creatinine, urine-albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR)) and procedures (ie, eye and foot examinations) were determined from KPGA’s electronic medical record data. We used logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE), adjusted for baseline age, to assess the within-subject change in guideline adherence (ie, at least one measurement per year per period) from pre-COVID to during COVID era overall, and by age, sex, and race. Linear GEE compared mean laboratory measurements pre and during COVID.

Results

The proportion of adults meeting each of the seven diabetes care guidelines decreased significantly during (vs pre) COVID (range in absolute reductions: −0.8% to −11.2%) with greatest reductions seen for BP (−11.2%) and cholesterol (−8.8%). Declines were similar across age, sex, and race subgroups. Average HbA1c and systolic BP increased 0.11% and 1.6 mmHg, respectively, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol declined 8.9 mg/dL. The proportion of adults at high risk of kidney disease (ie, UACR ≥300 mg/g) increased from 6.5% to 9.4%.

Conclusions

In an integrated healthcare system, the proportion of people with diabetes meeting guideline-recommended screenings decreased during the pandemic, coinciding with worsening glucose, kidney, and (some) cardiovascular risk profiles. Follow-up is needed to assess the long-term implications of these care gaps.
Did children’s symptoms and infections decline during the COVID-19 pandemic? A comparison of parental reports before and during the pandemic from a birth cohort study in New Hampshire, USA
Authors: Peacock Janet L , Diaz-Coto Susana , Sayarath Vicki , Madan Juliette , Karagas Margaret
Published: July 2023

Background

Restrictive measures were widely introduced at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the spread of the virus. These restrictions have been linked to reductions in laboratory-diagnosed infections and hospitalisations. It is unclear if the observed decreases reflect a reduction in health-seeking behaviour or results from fewer infections per se.

Methods

We have explored trends in caregiver reports of respiratory infections and symptoms needing a doctor visit in children aged 0–11 years using data from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study in 2011–2021, comparing the prepandemic and pandemic periods. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to model pandemic/prepandemic risk ratios (RRs) with adjustment for maternal and child characteristics.

Results

The overall probability of a report of an upper respiratory tract infection (RTI) needing a doctor visit in children aged 0–11 years was 16.7%. There was strong evidence of a decline during the pandemic: 17.9% pre pandemic versus 8.19% in the pandemic period, adjusted RR 0.51 (95% CI: 0.42 to 0.64). Similar trends were seen for any lower RTI, any respiratory symptom and any other acute symptom with overall probabilities of 4.33%, 24.8% and 13.8%, respectively, and adjusted rate ratios 0.61 (0.41 to 0.91), 0.59 (0.51 to 0.68) and 0.72 (0.59 to 0.87), respectively. In contrast, respiratory syncytial virus and bronchiolitis remained steady.

Conclusions

The steep decline in caregiver-reported infections and symptoms mirrored trends reported in laboratory-diagnosed infections and hospitalisations and suggests a real decrease in prevalence. Longer follow-up is needed to determine later consequences of the reduction in childhood infections.
Systematic review of methods used to measure training load in dance
Authors: Volkova Valeriya G , Räisänen Anu , Benson Lauren Christine , Ferber Reed , Kenny Sarah J
Published: July 2023

Dance is a popular physical activity. Increased dance training has been associated with an increased risk of injury. Given the established association between training load (TL) and injury in sport, knowledge of how TL is currently being measured in dance is critical. The objective of this study is to summarise published literature examining TL monitoring in dance settings. Six prominent databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, ProQuest, Scopus, SportDiscus) were searched and nine dance-specific journals were handsearched up to May 2022. Selected studies met inclusion criteria, where original TL data were collected from at least one dancer in a class, rehearsal and/or performance. Studies were excluded if TL was not captured in a dance class, rehearsal or performance. Two reviewers independently assessed each record for inclusion at title, abstract and full-text screening stages. Study quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool checklists for each study design. The 199 included studies reported on female dancers (61%), ballet genre (55%) and the professional level (31%). Dance hours were the most common tool used to measure TL (90%), followed by heart rate (20%), and portable metabolic systems (9%). The most common metric for each tool was mean weekly hours (n=381; median=9.5 hours, range=0.2–48.7 hours), mean heart rate (n=143) and mean oxygen consumption (n=93). Further research on TL is needed in dance, including a consensus on what tools and metrics are best suited for TL monitoring in dance.
Combination oncolytic virus, radiation therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in anti-PD-1-refractory cancer
Authors: Jhawar Sachin R , Wang Shang-Jui , Thandoni Aditya , Bommareddy Praveen K , Newman Jenna H , Giurini Eileena F , Marzo Amanda L , Kuzel Timothy M , Gupta Vineet , Reiser Jochen , Daniels Preston , Schiff Devora , Mitchell Darrion , LeBoeuf Nicole R , Simmons Christopher , Goyal Sharad , Lasfar Ahmed , Guevara-Patino Jose A , Haffty Bruce G , Kaufman Howard L , Silk Ann W , Zloza Andrew
Published: July 2023

Background

Immunotherapies are becoming front-line treatments for many advanced cancers, and combinations of two or more therapies are beginning to be investigated. Based on their individual antitumor capabilities, we sought to determine whether combination oncolytic virus (OV) and radiation therapy (RT) may improve cancer outcomes.

Methods

To investigate the activity of this combination therapy, we used in vitro mouse and human cancer cell lines as well as a mouse model of skin cancer. After initial results, we further included immune checkpoint blockade, whose addition constituted a triple combination immunotherapy.

Results

Our findings demonstrate that OV and RT reduce tumor growth via conversion of immunologically ‘cold’ tumors to ‘hot’, via a CD8+ T cell-dependent and IL-1α-dependent mechanism that is associated with increased PD-1/PD-L1 expression, and the triple combination of OV, RT, and PD-1 checkpoint inhibition impedes tumor growth and prolongs survival. Further, we describe the response of a PD-1-refractory patient with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma who received the triple combination of OV, RT, and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), and went on to experience unexpected, prolonged control and survival. He remains off-treatment and is without evidence of progression for >44 months since study entry.

Conclusions

Effective systemic antitumor immune response is rarely elicited by a single therapy. In a skin cancer mouse model, we demonstrate improved outcomes with combination OV, RT, and ICI treatment, which is associated with mechanisms involving augmented CD8+ T cell infiltration and IL-1α expression. We report tumor reduction and prolonged survival of a patient with skin cancer treated with combination OV, RT, and ICI. Overall, our data provide strong rationale for combining OV, RT, and ICI for treatment of patients with ICI-refractory skin and potentially other cancers.
Cosmological perturbations engendered by discrete relativistic species
Authors: Brilenkov Maksym , Canay Ezgi , Eingorn Maxim
Published: July 2023

Within the extension of the $$\varLambda $$
Λ
CDM model, allowing for the presence of neutrinos or warm dark matter, we develop the analytical cosmological perturbation theory. It covers all spatial scales where the weak gravitational field regime represents a valid approximation. Discrete particles – the sources of the inhomogeneous gravitational field – may be relativistic. Similarly to the previously investigated case of nonrelativistic matter, the Yukawa interaction range is naturally incorporated into the first-order scalar metric corrections.
Religious Knowledge Management Practices in a Pentecostal Denomination in South Africa
Authors: Cyster Chantall , Salubi Oghenere
Published: July 2023

Religious organisations are significant producers of knowledge and in recent years, knowledge management (KM) has become a crucial necessity for organisations to achieve success and effectiveness. Pentecostal churches are frequently established, particularly in densely populated informal settlements in many parts of Africa. This study aimed to assess KM practices at a Pentecostal church in an informal settlement in Cape Town, South Africa, using the knowledge conversion model. The study objectives were to examine the level of awareness and uptake of KM practices, determine the level of openness to knowledge sharing and conversion among church leaders and members, and evaluate how knowledge conversion and management practices contribute to achieving the church’s goals of spreading the gospel and enhancing community services. The study population consisted of the church leadership and adult members. The results revealed that the level of awareness and uptake of KM practices was very low, with no documented training or responsible individuals identified for managing knowledge. Tacit knowledge was being shared informally through dialogue and religious meetings but was not formally extracted, documented, or converted into explicit knowledge for organisational productivity, sharing, and reuse. Some leaders were not keen on explicitly managing and sharing knowledge, a number of members thought it is very important for knowledge to be documented and shared. The study developed a conceptual model for implementing KM in Pentecostal religious organisations. The model provides a practical framework for improving knowledge sharing and enhancing organisational productivity, which can lead to more effective gospel dissemination and community service. This study highlights the importance of effective KM in religious organisations and provides valuable insights for leaders seeking to leverage knowledge to achieve their goals.
Poverty, Brain Development, and Mental Health: Progress, Challenges, and Paths Forward
Authors: Monk Christopher S. , Hardi Felicia A.
Published: July 2023

Poverty is associated with changes in brain development and elevates the risk for psychopathology in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Although the field is rapidly expanding, there are methodological challenges that raise questions about the validity of current findings. These challenges include the interrelated issues of reliability, effect size, interindividual heterogeneity, and replicability. To address these issues, we propose a multipronged approach that spans short-, medium-, and long-term solutions, including changes to data pipelines along with more comprehensive data acquisition of environment, brain, and mental health. Additional suggestions are to use open science approaches, more robust statistical analyses, and replication testing. Furthermore, we propose increased integration between advanced analytical approaches using large samples and neuroscience models in intervention research to enhance the interpretability of findings. Collectively, these approaches will expand the application of neuroimaging findings and provide a foundation for eventual policy changes designed to improve conditions for children in poverty.
Self-Driven Electrokinetic Remediation of Cd Contamination Soil by Using Double-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhang Guangyi , Wang Zhongchen , Liu Mengshuo , Huang Long , Jiao Yuanyuan , Zhao Zisheng
Published: July 2023

Green and sustainable techniques are in great demand for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. Cadmium ion (Cd2+) in soil could be extracted under the internal electric field and participating on the surface of the electrode. Here, we proposed a sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) for the electrokinetic remediation of cadmium (Cd) contamination soil. Within the 7 weeks of SMFC operation, the removal efficiency for total Cd could be up to 70.04 ± 0.45%, which was significantly higher than that obtained by open circuit SMFC. The maximum output power density was 71.00 ± 0.82 mW m−2 with a current density of 0.60 ± 0.03 A m−2. Results obtained by electrochemical impedance showed that the inter resistance of SMFC was 944 ± 14 Ω. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria increased to 67.85%–80.99% in the SMFC. The relative abundance of Cd2+/Zn2+-exporting ATPase, participating in Cd2+ reduction, in SMFC varied from 25.83% to 30.68%, which were significantly higher than that of control (11.21% to 19.94%). Our findings have presented an effective energy-saving method for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.
Evaluation of Serum Fructosamine as Diagnostic Marker of Postoperative Recurrence in the Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhao Yuanqing , Xie Xuelong , Xie Jingling , Zhang Limei , Li Baolin , Liu Jinbo , Jiang Hui
Published: July 2023

Objectives. A series of laboratory parameters were screened to identify the proper serum markers that could be used to predict breast cancer recurrence at an early stage. Methods. A case‐control retrospective study on 224 patients without postoperative recurrence and 43 patients with postoperative recurrence of breast cancer was performed. The edgeR software package was used to identify the test indicators expressed differently between the two groups. Univariate analysis was used to screen for diagnostic marker that could predict postoperative recurrence of breast cancer. In addition, the differential test indicators at different time points from surgery to recurrence were collected in patients with postoperative recurrence of breast cancer as a verification database. Results. We screened out three test indicators (TBA, GSP, and URBC) for differential expression, which were all expressed downregulated in the postoperative recurrence group of breast cancer. Univariate analysis suggested that only the difference in GSP levels between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of GSP was 0.662, while the area under the curve of GSP+AFP+CEA+CA125+CA153+age was increased to 0.828. In addition, serum GSP levels were significantly reduced after recurrence compared with before recurrence in breast cancer patients (P < 0.01). Conclusions. In summary, GSP could be used for early diagnosis of breast cancer recurrence after surgery, and the predicted value of combining GSP, tumor markers, and age was better than that of individual indicators.
Effects of Hydroxycitric Acid Supplementation on Body Composition, Obesity Indices, Appetite, Leptin, and Adiponectin of Women with NAFLD on a Calorie-Restricted Diet
Authors: Tutunchi Helda , Arefhosseini Sara , Nomi-Golzar Solmaz , Ebrahimi-Mameghani Mehrangiz
Published: July 2023

Background. This trial assessed the effects of a calorie-restricted diet (CRD) with hydroxycitric acid (HCA) supplementation on appetite-regulating hormones, obesity indices, body composition, and appetite in women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods. This study was carried out on 44 overweight/obese women with NAFLD. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups, namely, “Intervention group” (receiving individual CRD plus HCA tablets per day) and “Control group” (receiving only CRD) for eight weeks. Obesity indices, body composition, appetite status, and serum levels of leptin and adiponectin were assessed before and after the intervention. Results. Forty patients completed the trial. At the end of the trial, although significant reductions were found in most of the studied obesity indices in the intervention group, there was only a significant decrease in waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in the control group. Fat mass and muscle mass significantly decreased in the intervention group (

p
=
0.044

and

p
=
0.024

, respectively), and the reduction in visceral fat in the intervention group was significantly greater than that in the control group (−0.49 kg vs −0.37 kg,

p
=
0.024

). Intra- and intergroup differences in serum leptin and adiponectin levels and their ratios before and after the trial were not significant. We found a negative and marginally significant correlation between percent of changes in serum adiponectin level and percent of changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (r = −0.429,

p
=
0.067

) and BMI (r = −0.440,

p
=
0.059

) as well as an inverse relationship between percent of changes in leptin/adiponectin with VAT (r = −0.724,

p
<
0.001

) in the intervention group. Conclusion. HCA plus weight loss diet could significantly reduce visceral adipose tissue without any significant changes in serum leptin and adiponectin levels.
HBV Infection Is an Intermediate‐Risk Disease, Whereas Anaemia Is a Mild‐to‐Moderate Public Health Problem in Young Ghanaian Adults: A Four‐Year Retrospective Analysis of Students’ Medical Records
Authors: Amoah Samuel , Yartey Andrew Nicholas , Fosu Adjei Praise , Owusu-Akyaw Margaret , Boachie Joseph , Simpong David Larbi , Adu Patrick
Published: July 2023

Background. In sub‐Saharan Africa, malaria, chronic viral diseases, nutritional deficiencies, and haemoglobinopathies are common causes of anaemia. Continual surveillance data is required to situate the anaemia and infectious disease burden within a given population. This study determined the 4‐year trends of anaemia, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and HCV infections and factors associated with anaemia in young Ghanaian adults. Methods. This retrospective study analysed the medical records of 21,716 fresh students at the University of Cape Coast. Data was presented as percentages and line graphs to show the yearly trends in anaemia, HBV, and HCV infections. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the increased odds of anaemia in participants. Results. Although the 4‐year anaemia prevalence was 14.2% (95% CI: 0.1403–0.1498), anaemia prevalence in women and men were 24.1% (95% CI: 0.2387–0.2562) and 6.6% (95% CI:0.0616–0.0705), respectively. Anaemia prevalence consistently remained mild (males) and moderate (females) public health problem over the four‐year period. Adolescents were more represented in the anaemic group (18.7% prevalence), 70.9% of them being females. The prevalence of HBV and HCV infections were 5.4% (95% CI:0.0506–0.0567) and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.0082–0.0108), respectively; only 0.1% of participants had HBV and HCV coinfection. Males were more represented in both HBV (71.2%) and HCV (63.7%) infection groups. Moreover, 15.8% of the participants who were seropositive for HBsAg self‐reported having previously been vaccinated, suggesting a breakthrough infection and/or vaccine nonresponse. Furthermore, female (COR: 4.545; p < 0.001), teenagers (COR: 1.697; p < 0.001), 20–29 years (COR: 1.221; p = 0.035), and positive sickling slide test (COR: 1.176; p = 0.003) were statistically significantly associated with increased odds of anaemia. Conclusion. Intentional preventative public health campaigns regarding anaemia, HBV, and HCV infection should, respectively, target females and young adult males to increase chances of making real change in behavioural attitudes in these at‐risk groups.
Supplementary Table 1 from Association between Sleep Duration and Colorectal Adenomas: Findings from a Case–Control Study in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Chi Thi-Du , Paragomi Pedram , Tran Mo Thi , Nguyen Mai Vu-Tuyet , Tuong Thuy Thi-Van , Tran Quang Hong , Le Linh Cu , Pham Huong Thi-Thu , Ha Hien Thi-Thu , Bui Nam Chi , Vu Hien Huy , Ta Phuong Que , Shrubsole Martha J. , Cai Qiuyin , Ye Fei , Le Song Huu , Vu Khien Van , Tran Huong Thi-Thanh , Tran Thuan Van , Boffetta Paolo , Shu Xiao-Ou , Luu Hung N.
Published: July 2023

This supplementary table describes the distributions of baseline characteristics among study participants by cases versus controls
Supplemental Table 5 from Elevated EVL Methylation Level in the Normal Colon Mucosa Is a Potential Risk Biomarker for Developing Recurrent Adenomas
Authors: Yu Ming , Carter Kelly T. , Baker Kelsey K. , Redman Mary W. , Wang Ting , Vickers Kathy , Li Christopher I. , Cohen Stacey A. , Krane Mukta , Ose Jennifer , Gigic Biljana , Figueiredo Jane C. , Toriola Adetunji T. , Siegel Erin M. , Shibata David , Schneider Martin , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Dzubinski Lynda A. , Schoen Robert E. , Grady William M.
Published: July 2023

Supplemental Table 5: Summary statistics for methylated EVL measurements in Comparison Set 1
Supplemental Table 4 from Elevated EVL Methylation Level in the Normal Colon Mucosa Is a Potential Risk Biomarker for Developing Recurrent Adenomas
Authors: Yu Ming , Carter Kelly T. , Baker Kelsey K. , Redman Mary W. , Wang Ting , Vickers Kathy , Li Christopher I. , Cohen Stacey A. , Krane Mukta , Ose Jennifer , Gigic Biljana , Figueiredo Jane C. , Toriola Adetunji T. , Siegel Erin M. , Shibata David , Schneider Martin , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Dzubinski Lynda A. , Schoen Robert E. , Grady William M.
Published: July 2023

Supplemental Table 4: Summary patient characteristics for Comparison Set 3
Supplemental Table 2 from Elevated EVL Methylation Level in the Normal Colon Mucosa Is a Potential Risk Biomarker for Developing Recurrent Adenomas
Authors: Yu Ming , Carter Kelly T. , Baker Kelsey K. , Redman Mary W. , Wang Ting , Vickers Kathy , Li Christopher I. , Cohen Stacey A. , Krane Mukta , Ose Jennifer , Gigic Biljana , Figueiredo Jane C. , Toriola Adetunji T. , Siegel Erin M. , Shibata David , Schneider Martin , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Dzubinski Lynda A. , Schoen Robert E. , Grady William M.
Published: July 2023

Supplemental Table 2: Summary patient characteristics for Comparison Set 1
Supplementary Table 2 from Sources of Disparities in Surveillance Mammography Performance and Risk-Guided Recommendations for Supplemental Breast Imaging: A Simulation Study
Authors: Hubbard Rebecca A. , Pujol Toyya A. , Alhajjar Elie , Edoh Kossi , Martin Melissa L.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Table 2. Additional descriptive statistics for the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium cohort of surveillance mammograms
Supplementary Table 1 from Sources of Disparities in Surveillance Mammography Performance and Risk-Guided Recommendations for Supplemental Breast Imaging: A Simulation Study
Authors: Hubbard Rebecca A. , Pujol Toyya A. , Alhajjar Elie , Edoh Kossi , Martin Melissa L.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Table 1. Distributional assumptions and input parameter values for simulations. Model 1 includes no race and ethnicity variation, Model 2 includes variation in primary cancer and treatment characteristics by race and ethnicity, Model 3 includes variation in SDOH by race and ethnicity, Models 4 and 5 include variation in primary cancer and treatment characteristics as well as SDOH by race and ethnicity.}
Supplementary Methods 1 from Sources of Disparities in Surveillance Mammography Performance and Risk-Guided Recommendations for Supplemental Breast Imaging: A Simulation Study
Authors: Hubbard Rebecca A. , Pujol Toyya A. , Alhajjar Elie , Edoh Kossi , Martin Melissa L.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Methods 1: Simulation study design description