bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of nitrogen addition on plant species richness and abundance: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Midolo Gabriele , Alkemade Rob , Schipper Aafke M. , Benítez‐López Ana , Perring Michael P. , De Vries Wim
Published: December 2018

Aim

Experimental nitrogen (N) addition (fertilization) studies are commonly used to quantify the impacts of increased N inputs on plant biodiversity. However, given that plant community responses can vary considerably among individual studies, there is a clear need to synthesize and generalize findings with meta‐analytical approaches. Our goal was to quantify changes in species richness and abundance in plant communities in response to N addition across different environmental contexts, while controlling for different experimental designs.

Location

Global.

Time period

Data range: 1985–2016; Publication years: 1990–2018.

Major taxa studied

Plants.

Methods

We performed a meta‐analysis of 115 experiments reported in 85 studies assessing the effects of N addition on terrestrial natural and semi‐natural plant communities. We quantified local‐scale changes in plant biodiversity in relationship to N addition using four metrics: species richness (SR), individual species abundance (IA), mean species abundance (MSA) and geometric mean abundance (GMA).

Results

For all metrics, greater amounts of annual N addition resulted in larger declines in plant diversity. Additionally, MSA decreased more steeply with N that was applied in reduced (NH4+) rather than oxidized () form. Loss of SR with increasing amounts of N was found to be larger in warmer sites. Furthermore, greater losses of SR were found in sites with longer experimental durations, smaller plot sizes and lower soil cation exchange capacity. Finally, reductions in the abundance of individual species were larger for N‐sensitive plant life‐form types (legumes and non‐vascular plants).

Main conclusions

N enrichment decreases both SR and abundance of plants in N‐addition experiments, but the magnitude of the response differs among biodiversity metrics and with the environmental and experimental context. This underlines the importance of integrating multiple dimensions of biodiversity and relevant modifying factors into assessments of biodiversity responses to global environmental change.
Breeding Yellow‐legged Gulls increase consumption of terrestrial prey after landfill closure
Authors: Zorrozua Nere , Aldalur Asier , Herrero Alfredo , Diaz Beñat , Delgado Sergio , Sanpera Carola , Jover Lluís , Arizaga Juan
Published: December 2018

The ecology of opportunistic foragers can be highly dependent on anthropogenic food sources, such as landfills, resulting in changes in several ecological and demographic aspects. The total closure of several landfill sites and the use of deterrence systems to prevent access to the remaining open landfill sites in a region in the northern Iberian Peninsula provided an excellent opportunity to evaluate the consequences of landfills on the trophic ecology of an opportunistic forager, the Yellow‐legged GullLarus michahellis, using these resources. Based on stable isotope analyses, we used mixing models to estimate changes in diet before and after the closure of the majority of landfills in the breeding and the non‐breeding season. We found a decrease in the consumption of food from landfills after their closure, which was accompanied by an increase in feeding on terrestrial prey (mostly earthworms), but only in the breeding season. Interestingly, we observed no increase in marine prey consumption after the landfill closures. In winter there was a decrease in terrestrial prey consumption, whereas the consumption of marine and, despite their reduce availability, landfill resources increased. Thus, and unlike when all the landfills were open, we detected significant trophic differences between breeding and non‐breeding seasons. Additionally, we found significant trophic differences among colonies that were quite close to each other, but not between breeding adults and chicks. In conclusion, landfill closure or the use of deterrence systems had a direct impact on the trophic ecology of Yellow‐legged Gulls; loss of refuse was mainly compensated for by prey of terrestrial origin when breeding, but not in winter. Thus, this species may experience foraging constraints in winter with potential effects on other life‐history aspects including their dispersal, breeding and survival that needs further evaluation.
Increasing incidence of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma in Catalonia
Authors: Matas‐Nadal Clara , Malvehy Josep , Ferreres Jose Ramon , Boada Aram , Bodet Domingo , Segura Sonia , Salleras Montse , Azon Antoni , Bel‐Pla Susana , Bigata Xavier , Campoy Antoni , Curcó Neus , Dalmau Joan , Formigon Manel , Gonzalez Alberto , Just Miquel , Llistosella Enric , Nogues M. Elena , Pedragosa Ramon , Pujol Josep A. , Sabat Mireia , Smandia Joan A. , Zaballos Pedro , Puig Susana , Martí Rosa M.
Published: December 2018

Background

Recent epidemiological studies suggest that past data where superficial spreading melanoma was by far the most common subtype of melanoma may not reflect current patterns of sun exposure or other risk factors more involved in other subtypes of melanoma as lentigo maligna (LM) or lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM).

Methods

In order to measure the current situation in our country, all cases of LM and LMM diagnosed in 23 hospitals in Catalonia, from 2000 to 2007, were recorded.

Results

Although for the global period LM/LMM represented only 8.4% of cases, an increasing trend in this percentage was observed throughout the study period (from 6.9% [27 cases] in 2000 to 13.1% [94 cases] in 2007). Also, an increasing incidence of LM/LMM was observed, especially in chronically sun‐exposed areas (85.5% involving the head and neck region). During the 8 years of the registry, the mean Breslow thickness of LMM remained stable. However, the increase in the number of LM (in situ) cases was significantly higher than the increase of the invasive ones.

Conclusions

An important observation from this data is that aging of population and current sun exposure patterns could keep increasing the incidence of LM/LMM, which may become an important public healthcare problem, over the other histological subtypes. In order to establish primary or secondary preventive measures to the LM/LMM risk‐population, it is imperative to highlight the importance of chronic sun damage as a melanoma risk factor, and not only sunburn, most commonly addressed in melanoma prevention campaigns.
Structural and biochemical evaluation of Ceratitiscapitata odorant‐binding protein 22 affinity for odorants involved in intersex communication
Authors: Falchetto M. , Ciossani G. , Scolari F. , Di Cosimo A. , Nenci S. , Field L. M. , Mattevi A. , Zhou J.‐J. , Gasperi G. , Forneris F.
Published: December 2018

In insects, odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) connect the peripheral sensory system to receptors of olfactory organs. Medfly Ceratitis capitata CcapObp22 shows 37% identity and close phylogenetic affinities with Drosophila melanogaster OBP69a/pheromone‐binding protein related protein 1. The CcapObp22 gene is transcribed in the antennae and maxillary palps, suggesting an active role in olfaction. Here, we recombinantly produced CcapObp22, obtaining a 13.5 kDa protein capable of binding multiple strongly hydrophobic terpene compounds, including medfly male pheromone components. The highest binding affinity [half maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 0.48 µM] was to (E,E)‐α‐farnesene, one of the most abundant compounds in the male pheromone blend. This odorant was used in cocrystallization experiments, yielding the structure of CcapOBP22. The monomeric structure shows the typical OBP folding, constituted by six α‐helical elements interconnected by three disulphide bridges. A C‐terminal seventh α‐helix constitutes the wall of a deep, L‐shaped hydrophobic cavity. Analysis of the electron density in this cavity suggested trapping of farnesene in the crystal structure, although with partial occupancy. Superposition of the CcapOBP22 structure with related seven‐helical OBPs highlights striking similarity in the organization of the C‐terminal segment of these proteins. Collectively, our molecular and physiological data on medfly CcapOBP22 suggest its involvement in intersex olfactory communication.
Comovement in Anomalies between the Australian and US Equity Markets*
Authors: Chiah Mardy , Gharghori Philip , Zhong Angel
Published: December 2018

This study examines the comovement between eight prominent Australian asset pricing anomalies and their corresponding US counterparts. It confirms the continued existence of these anomalies in Australia and finds that these anomalies do not co‐move with their US counterparts. Given the conflicting findings in prior research on the integration or segmentation of the Australian and US equity markets, this study adds to the body of evidence supporting segmentation.
Study of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 microelectromechanical system piezoelectric accelerometers for health monitoring of mechanical motors
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Che , Chien Yu‐Chun , Hong Cheng‐Shong , Chu Sheng‐Yuan , Wei Chia‐Ling , Liu Yun‐Hui , Kao Hsueh‐Yu
Published: December 2018

In this study, piezoelectric Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) thick films were fabricated on Pt‐coated Si substrates by a modified sol‐gel method via dispersing the piezoelectric submicron powders of composition (Pb, Sr)Lax(Ti, Zr)1−1/4xO3 (PZT‐5A, having a high d33 value of 520 and a high kp value of 0.64) in the PZT sol‐gel solution. Then, piezoelectric microelectromechanical system (MEMS) accelerometers were designed and fabricated on Si substrates via micromachining techniques. A mathematic approximation model was firstly proposed. It used an effective thickness of Si membrane (heff) to replace the thickness of Si membrane, derived by math theory. The resonant frequency using the mathematic approximation model would be closer to the values of the experimental data than using the original math theory. Finally, the self‐made thick film accelerometers with best properties were fabricated via a modified sol‐gel method. They had voltage sensitivities in the range of 2.21‐2.14 mV/g, which is pretty high compared with the reported data, and the resonant frequency is in the range of 6.5‐7.1 kHz. In addition, the accelerometers with amplifier circuit and power source were practically used in vibration detection of health monitoring of mechanical motors.
Practitioner Review: Mental health problems of refugee children and adolescents and their management
Authors: Hodes Matthew , Vostanis Panos
Published: December 2018

Background

Since 2010, the numbers of refugees have increased and around half are under 18 years of age. It is known that experience of organised violence, displacement and resettlement increases the risk for psychiatric disorders and psychosocial impairment. This review integrates recent research into the risk and protective factors for psychopathology with service and treatment issues.

Methods

We draw on and critically evaluate key systematic reviews in the selected areas, innovative robust studies and relevant government reports.

Results

Many refugee children show resilience and function well, even in the face of substantial adversities. The most robust findings for psychopathology are that PTSD, and posttraumatic and depressive symptoms are found at higher prevalence in those who have been exposed to war experiences. Their severity may decrease over time with resettlement, but PTSD in the most exposed may show higher continuity. More severe psychiatric disorders including psychosis may also occur. Service delivery needs to take into account socioeconomic and cultural influences but, given the high level of unmet need even in high‐income countries, stepped care delivery is required. The evaluation of psychological interventions, often delivered in group settings, suggests that they can be effective for many distressed children; however, for the more impaired, a greater range of disorder‐specific therapies will be required.

Conclusions

Child and adolescent mental health clinicians and service providers need to be aware of the specific needs of this population and systems for service delivery. There are significant knowledge gaps in understanding risk and vulnerability, service delivery and treatment effectiveness.
Antifungal activities of coating incorporated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall mannoprotein on Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin production in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)
Authors: Abdolshahi Anna , Marvdashti Leila Monjazeb , Salehi Bahare , Sharifi‐Rad Mehdi , Ghobakhloo Safiyeh , Iriti Marcello , Sharifi‐Rad Javad
Published: December 2018

In this study, the effects of the mannoprotein isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScMnn) were evaluated against Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin (AF) production in pistachios. The mannoprotein extracted from the cell wall of S. cerevisiae was incorporated in gelatin‐based solution at different concentration (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% w/w) then used as coating of kernels. A. flavus spore suspension (104 spores/mL) was inoculated on both coated (cp) and non‐coated (ncp) pistachios. In cp samples, the mycelium development was delayed and AF content decreased, compared with the ncp ones. Noteworthy, the coating containing 1.5% ScMnn decreased AFB1 up to 42.81%. The ScMnn could be considered as an operative agent to reduce A. flavus growth and AF contamination in pistachios. The edible and food grade properties are important in its application as novel additive and as bioactive agent in coatings for the control of AF in pistachios.

Practical applications

Active edible coating containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannoprotein could be applied in pistachio industry to control Aspergillus flavus growth and reduce aflatoxin contamination. This antifungal coating could improve the safety of pistachio nuts.
An Explanation of Negative Swap Spreads: Demand for Duration from Underfunded Pension Plans
Authors: KLINGLER SVEN , SUNDARESAN SURESH
Published: December 2018

The 30‐year U.S. swap spreads have been negative since September 2008. We offer a novel explanation for this persistent anomaly. Through an illustrative model, we show that underfunded pension plans optimally use swaps for duration hedging. Combined with dealer banks' balance sheet constraints, this demand can drive swap spreads to become negative. Empirically, we construct a measure of the aggregate funding status of defined benefit pension plans and show that this measure helps explain 30‐year swap spreads. We find a similar link between pension funds' underfunding and swap spreads for two other regions.
Balthasar and the Eclipse of Nietzsche
Authors: O’Regan Cyril
Published: December 2018

This essay is about Hans Urs von Balthasar’s critical appropriation of Nietzsche as a prophetic and apocalyptic thinker whose thought presents a challenge to a tired European culture and a petrified form of Christianity. But it is also about a particular expiration date for this critical appropriation which can be dated to the 1940s. The bulk of the essay deals with two early texts of Balthasar in which Nietzsche is a dominant figure, that is, Balthasar’s dissertation, Geschichte des eschatologischen Problems in der modernen Literatur (1928) and Apokalypse der deutschen Seele (1939). The centrality of Nietzsche in these texts makes it all the more shocking that by the mid 1940s Balthasar’s engagement has essentially come to an end. The hypothesis put forward is not that the questions raised by Nietzsche have ceased to have pertinence, but that Heidegger, who had also from the beginning been an important figure for Balthasar, essentially takes over Nietzsche’s apocalyptic provocation and thereby eclipses him. Thereafter, Heidegger becomes not only the emblem of the best that Phenomenology can do, but also of a form of Nietzschianism that is more subtle and complex in its negotiations with Christianity and precisely for that reason more dangerous.
Health‐related quality of life changes following renal transplantation in children
Authors: Wightman Aaron , Bradford Miranda C. , Smith Jodi
Published: December 2018

Background

Studies of HRQoL after kidney transplant have yielded conflicting results. We sought to assess the impact of kidney transplant on HRQoL.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study using the PedsQL3.0ESRD module during dialysis and at 3 and 12 months following kidney transplant in 56 recipients. For the entire cohort, we described HRQoL scores at each time point and used ANOVA models to test for associations between demographic and transplant‐related factors and post‐transplant scores. We used linear mixed models to investigate interactions between transplant and demographic and transplant‐related factors and to estimate differences between mean pre‐ and post‐transplant scores. Longitudinal changes in HRQoL were assessed by t test.

Results

We found increases in all mean total scores, including subscales, at each assessed time period from dialysis to 3 months post‐transplant to 12 months post‐transplant. Post‐transplant total scores did not differ by gender, race, proximity to hospital, allograft source, or dialysis modality, but did differ by recipient age. Among participants with both pre‐ and post‐transplant observations, total scores increased for both recipients and parent‐proxies.

Conclusions

This study affirms the association between kidney transplant and improvement in HRQoL in the first year following transplant. Future research should further explore outcomes over the longer‐term and factors contributing to HRQoL among this population.
Threat‐conditioned contexts modulate the late positive potential to faces—A mobile EEG/virtual reality study
Authors: Stolz Christopher , Endres Dominik , Mueller Erik M.
Published: December 2018

In everyday life, the motivational value of faces is bound to the contexts in which faces are perceived. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that inherent negatively valent contexts modulate cortical face processing as assessed with ERP components. However, it is not well understood whether learned (rather than inherent) and three‐dimensional aversive contexts similarly modulate the neural processing of faces. Using full immersive virtual reality (VR) and mobile EEG techniques, 25 participants underwent a differential fear conditioning paradigm, in which one virtual room was paired with an aversive noise burst (threat context) and another with a nonaversive noise burst (safe context). Subsequently, avatars with neutral or angry facial expressions were presented in the threat and safe contexts while EEG was recorded. Analysis of the late positive potential (LPP), which presumably indicates motivational salience, revealed a significant interaction of context (threat vs. safe) and face type (neutral vs. angry). Neutral faces evoked increased LPP amplitudes in threat versus safe contexts, while angry faces evoked increased early LPP amplitudes regardless of context. In addition to indicating that threat‐conditioned contexts alter the processing of ambiguous faces, the present study demonstrates the successful integration of EEG and VR with particular relevance for affective neuroscience research.
Late cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections after kidney transplantation under the preemptive strategy: Risk factors and clinical aspects
Authors: Ono Gislaine , Medina Pestana José Osmar , Aranha Camargo Luís Fernando
Published: December 2018

Background

Late cytomegalovirus infections (LCMV) after the cessation of prophylaxis are well described. We aimed to assess clinical and epidemiological data on late‐occurring cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in the absence of CMV prophylaxis in a cohort of kidney transplant patients.

Methods

In a cohort of kidney transplant recipients not employing CMV‐specific prophylaxis, patients with CMV infections occurring after 6 months of transplantation were compared to patients with CMV infections diagnosed within the first 6 months (early infections). The main objectives were to compare clinical outcomes and evaluate risk factors for late CMV infection.

Results

A total of 556 patients were evaluated. Forty‐three patients with LCMV infections were compared to 513 patients with early CMV infections. LCMV infections occurred after a median of 473 days of transplantation and had a more severe course, with a statistically significant higher rate of invasive disease and graft loss (60.5% vs 21.6% and 11.6% vs 3.1% respectively). Thirty‐day mortality was twice as high for patients with LCMV, but did not reach statistical significance (9.3% vs 4.3%). By multivariate analysis, employment of antilymphocyte therapy early after transplantation and tacrolimus as initial immunosuppressive therapy were significantly protective for the occurrence of LCMV infections.

Conclusion

Late CMV infections in the absence of specific prophylaxis after kidney transplantation have a more severe outcome when compared to early infections and occur in patients less immunosuppressed early after transplantation.
Cutaneous mucormycosis
Authors: Vulsteke Jean‐Baptiste , Deeren Dries
Published: December 2018

Mucormycosis is an aggressive invasive fungal infection that occurs rarely in immunocompetent but frequently in immunocompromised patients. We present a case of a 68‐year‐old patient with cutaneous mucormycosis due to Rhizopus pusillus. He was initially hospitalized for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and diabetes mellitus secondary to acute graft‐versus‐host treatment with glucocorticoids after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole was initiated but the patient developed septic shock with multiple organ failure and died 5 days later. The risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis of cutaneous mucormycosis in hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant patients are discussed.
Salt stress under the scalpel – dissecting the genetics of salt tolerance
Authors: Morton Mitchell J. L. , Awlia Mariam , Al‐Tamimi Nadia , Saade Stephanie , Pailles Yveline , Negrão Sónia , Tester Mark
Published: December 2018

Salt stress limits the productivity of crops grown under saline conditions, leading to substantial losses of yield in saline soils and under brackish and saline irrigation. Salt tolerant crops could alleviate these losses while both increasing irrigation opportunities and reducing agricultural demands on dwindling freshwater resources. However, despite significant efforts, progress towards this goal has been limited, largely because of the genetic complexity of salt tolerance for agronomically important yield‐related traits. Consequently, the focus is shifting to the study of traits that contribute to overall tolerance, thus breaking down salt tolerance into components that are more genetically tractable. Greater consideration of the plasticity of salt tolerance mechanisms throughout development and across environmental conditions furthers this dissection. The demand for more sophisticated and comprehensive methodologies is being met by parallel advances in high‐throughput phenotyping and sequencing technologies that are enabling the multivariate characterisation of vast germplasm resources. Alongside steady improvements in statistical genetics models, forward genetics approaches for elucidating salt tolerance mechanisms are gaining momentum. Subsequent quantitative trait locus and gene validation has also become more accessible, most recently through advanced techniques in molecular biology and genomic analysis, facilitating the translation of findings to the field. Besides fuelling the improvement of established crop species, this progress also facilitates the domestication of naturally salt tolerant orphan crops. Taken together, these advances herald a promising era of discovery for research into the genetics of salt tolerance in plants.
Cell wall traits that influence plant development, immunity, and bioconversion
Authors: De Lorenzo Giulia , Ferrari Simone , Giovannoni Moira , Mattei Benedetta , Cervone Felice
Published: December 2018

The architecture of the plant cell wall is highly dynamic, being substantially re‐modeled during growth and development. Cell walls determine the size and shape of cells and contribute to the functional specialization of tissues and organs. Beyond the physiological dynamics, the wall structure undergoes changes upon biotic or abiotic stresses. In this review several cell wall traits, mainly related to pectin, one of the major matrix components, will be discussed in relation to plant development, immunity and industrial bioconversion of biomass, especially for energy production. Plant cell walls are a source of oligosaccharide fragments with a signaling function for both development and immunity. Sensing cell wall damage, sometimes through the perception of released damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), is crucial for some developmental and immunity responses. Methodological advances that are expected to deepen our knowledge of cell wall (CW) biology will also be presented.
The Leap of Comparative Advantage Trap in Guangzhou-Based on the Perspective of Global Value Chain
Authors: Wu Ji Yan , Luo Zi Jian , Huang Zhi Huang
Published: December 2018

This paper analyzes the situation and reasons of the trap of comparative advantage in Guangzhou, and proposes some strategies on how to leap the trap of comparative advantage. Firstly, based on the perspective of global value chain, this paper analyzes the status of Guangzhou in the global value chain through RCA (revealed comparative advantage index) and RTV (revealed technology added value index), and illustrates the situation of Guangzhou in the trap of comparative advantage. Secondly, the reasons why Guangzhou is into comparative advantage trap are analyzed from three aspects, capital, labor force and technology. Thirdly, in view of the main reasons, we seek some effective strategies to leap the comparative advantage trap, promote the transformation and upgrading of enterprises in guangzhou into innovative enterprises, and lead to the promotion of the competitiveness of Guangzhou in the globalization division of labor.
La comunicación en América Latina: un debate pendiente más allá de las resistencias.
Authors: Flores Prieto Pamela , Pozo Kelly
Published: December 2018

El artículo reflexiona sobre el papel que podrían cumplir los programas y facultades de Comunicación en América Latina durante la construcción de visiones no hegemónicas de la comunicación al inscribir las teorías producidas en el continente como perspectivas centrales de sus planes curriculares e investigativos. Esta propuesta incluye tres puntos clave: 1) ‘Decolonizar el saber’ para consolidar un punto de enunciación donde se pueda dejar de ser el ‘otro’ para nosotros mismos. 2) Construir una ciudadanía garante de proyectos políticos que aboguen por la solidaridad y la equidad. 3) Asumir las tareas y desafíos que conlleva esta tarea emancipadora, empezando por la apropiación autovalorada de nuestros aportes al campo.
La competencia comunicativa intercultural (CCI) en los contextos de enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera.
Authors: Rico Troncoso Carlos
Published: December 2018

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una reflexión sobre la forma en cómo se ha entendido la Competencia Comunicativa Intercultural (CCI) en los procesos de enseñanza de lengua extranjera. Para lograr dicho cometido, el texto rastrea en principio lo que ha sido la enseñanza de la lengua extranjera en el contexto de ELT [English Language Teaching]. También se hace una reflexión de lo que implicaría llevar la CCI a un escenario de enseñanza de lengua extranjera. Finalmente, se explica cómo se podría entender la CCI en la enseñanza de lengua extranjera a la luz de tres conceptos que presuponen su definición: la comunicación, la lengua y la cultura.
Instrumentos para validar Ambientes Didácticos de Aprendizaje (ADA) para la formación de profesores de lenguaje y comunicación en y para la diversidad: una herramienta en la didáctica del lenguaje.
Authors: Calderón Dora Inés , Castañeda-Peña Harold , Borja Orozco Mirian Glidis , Quitián Bernal Sandra Patricia , Suárez Reina Adriana Yamile
Published: December 2018

Con el ánimo de contribuir al desarrollo de las didácticas de campos disciplinares de la educación, este artículo propone instrumentos para validar ambientes didácticos de aprendizaje (ADA) en el contexto de formación de profesores de lenguaje y comunicación (LyC) en y para la diversidad. En el marco de una arquitectura para validar ADA, se sugieren instrumentos para validar diseños didácticos construidos desde la teoría del diseño así como la inteligibilidad mutua, rectora de las comunidades de práctica que forman profesores de LyC. El resultado, es una batería de instrumentos cualitativos y cuantitativos que tienen como función valorar el ADA en dos momentos: como diseño planeado y como diseño en acción.
Autonomy Support, Psychological Needs Satisfaction, School Engagement and Academic Success: A Mediation Model
Authors: Gutiérrez Melchor , Sancho Patricia , Galiana Laura , Tomás José M
Published: December 2018

School engagement is a construct of relevance in education and educational psychology, as it has been related to multiple educational constructs and outcomes: school drop-out, satisfaction with school, disruptive behavior, motivational climate, teacher-student relationships, or academic progress and achievement. The current research surveyed 2034 Angolan students and 2302 Dominican Republic students in order to predict academic achievement. The model tested was supported by the data in both samples, and the chain of explicative effects hold again in both samples. School engagement was a powerful mediator among needs satisfaction and academic success. Results are discussed in light of existing literature, and limitations and future directions of research are also highlighted.
Psicología y educación en Chile: problemas, perspectivas y vías de investigación (1860-1930)
Authors: Salas Gonzalo , Scholten Hernán , Norambuena Yeniè , Mardones Rodolfo , Torres Fernández Ivelisse
Published: December 2018

El presente artículo discute las relaciones entre psicología y educación en Chile entre los años 1860 y 1930. En primer lugar, se abordan las influencias republicanas en la educación y el interés creciente en los fenómenos mentales; posteriormente, se considera el fortalecimiento de la psicología y su rol en los procesos educativos, cuya contribución se constata en los laboratorios de experimentación y la inclusión de la psicología en la formación de profesores. Seguidamente, se discuten aspectos relevantes en la educación de las comunidades indígenas y de las mujeres, para finalizar la exposición con el interés en la psicometría y la aparición de la Escuela Nueva. Todo lo cual favorece el aporte científico de la psicología en la comprensión del educando, que de hecho ha propiciado mejores desarrollos para la sociedad.
Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Ciberbullying en una muestra de adolescentes argentinos
Authors: Resett Santiago , Gámez-Guadix Manuel
Published: December 2018

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Ciberbullying (CBQ) en una muestra de adolescentes argentinos. Se evaluó una muestra de 898 adolescentes (43 % varones, edad media 15.2). Los participantes respondieron a dicho cuestionario, a la escala victimización y agresión del cuestionario de Olweus y a medidas de problemas emocionales (depresión y ansiedad). Los análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio indicaron una subescala de Ciberagredir y dos subescalas de Cibervictimización; las alfas de Cronbach fueron adecuadas. Se observó validez convergente de la subescala Ciberagredir con la escala agredir de Olweus y de las dos subescalas de Cibervictimización con la escala victimización de Olweus. También se observó la validez convergente del instrumento con los puntajes de depresión y ansiedad y estas con un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales.
Las representaciones y prácticas docentes acerca de los materiales curriculares. Cambios y permanencias
Authors: Soto Rosales Antonio , Travé González Gabriel
Published: December 2018

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación interesada en las concepciones que mantiene el profesorado sobre la utilización de materiales curriculares en la enseñanza de Conocimiento del Medio. A partir de un cuestionario construido para tal efecto, se obtuvo información de 863 profesores de las ocho provincias de Andalucía (España). El análisis de correspondencias múltiples efectuado revela la existencia de tres factores que explican el 71.2 % de la varianza: el primero representa las ideas propias del idealismo novel frente al realismo que genera la experiencia; el segundo, las ideas de defensa a ultranza de la utilidad del libro de texto frente a la duda sobre su utilidad y un tercero de carácter metodológico enfrenta metodologías activas  a metodologías tradicionales.
A New Approach Toward Power Output Enhancement Using Multirotor Systems With Shrouded Wind Turbines
Authors: Yuji Ohya , Koichi Watanabe
Published: December 2018

A multirotor system (MRS) is defined as containing more than one rotor in a single structure. MRSs have a great potential as a wind turbine system, saving mass and cost, and showing scale ability. The shrouded wind turbine with brimmed diffuser-augmented wind turbines (B-DAWT) has demonstrated power augmentation for a given turbine diameter and wind speed by a factor of about 2–5 compared with a bare wind turbine. In the present research, B-DAWTs are used in a multirotor system. The power output performance of MRSs using two and three B-DAWTs in a variety of configurations has been investigated in the previous works. In the present study, the aerodynamics of an MRS with five B-DAWTs, spaced in close vicinity in the same vertical plane normal to a uniform flow, has been analyzed. Power output increases of up to 21% in average for a five-rotor MRS configuration are achieved in comparison to that for the stand-alone configuration. Thus, when B-DAWTs are employed as the unit of a MRS, the total power output is remarkably increased. As the number of units for an MRS is increased from two to five, the increase in power output becomes larger and larger. This is because that the gap flows between B-DAWTs in a MRS are accelerated and cause lowered pressure regions due to vortex interaction behind the brimmed diffusers. Thus, a MRS with more B-DAWTs can draw more wind into turbines showing higher power output.
Turbulent Flow Through a Ducted Elbow and Plugged Tee Geometry: An Experimental and Numerical Study
Authors: Bluestein Andrew M. , Venters Ravon , Bohl Douglas , Helenbrook Brian T. , Ahmadi Goodarz
Published: December 2018

An experimental and computational comparison of the turbulent flow field for a sharp 90 deg elbow and plugged tee junction is presented. These are commonly used industrial geometries with the tee often retrofitted by plugging the straight exit to create an elbow. Mean and fluctuating velocities along the midplane were measured via two-dimensional (2D) particle image velocimetry (PIV), and the results were compared with the predictions of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations for Reynolds numbers of 11,500 and 115,000. Major flow features of the elbow and plugged tee were compared using the mean velocity contours. Geometry effects and Reynolds number effects were studied by examining the mean and root-mean-square (RMS) fluctuating velocity profiles at six positions. Finally, the asymmetry of the flow as measured by the position of the centroid of the volumetric flux and pressure loss data were examined to quantify the streamwise evolution of the flow in the respective geometries. It was found that in both geometries there was a large recirculation zone in the downstream leg but the RANS simulations predicted an overly long recirculation which led to significantly different mean and fluctuating velocities in that region when compared to the experiments. Comparison of velocity profiles showed that both experiments and numerics agree in the fact that the turbulence intensities were greater at higher Re downstream of the vertical leg. Finally, it was shown that the plugged tee recovered its symmetry more rapidly and created less pressure loss than the elbow.
Analysis of Wind Speed Shear and Turbulence LiDAR Measurements to Support Offshore Wind in the Northeast United States
Authors: Viselli Anthony , Faessler Nathan , Filippelli Matthew
Published: December 2018

This paper presents wind speed measurements collected at 40m to 200m above sea-level to support the New England Aqua Ventus I 12 MW Floating Offshore Wind Farm to be located 17km offshore the Northeast United States. The high-altitude wind speed data are unique and represent some of the first measurements made offshore in this part of the country which is actively being developed for offshore wind. Multiple LiDAR measurements were made using a DeepCLiDAR floating buoy and LiDARs located on land on a nearby island. The LiDARs compared favorably thereby confirming the LiDAR buoy measurements. Wind speed shear profiles are presented. The measurements are compared against industry standard mesoscale model outputs and offshore design codes including the American Bureau of Shipping, American Petroleum Institute, and DNV-GL guides. Significant variation in the vertical wind speed profile occurs throughout the year. This variation is not currently addressed in offshore wind design standards which typically recommend the use of only a few values for wind shear in operational and extreme conditions. The mean wind shears recorded were also higher than industry recommended values. Additionally, turbulence measurements made from the LiDAR, although not widely accepted in the scientific community, are presented and compared against industry guidelines.
Coupled Analysis and Numerical Model Verification for the 2MW Floatgen Demonstrator Project With IDEOL Platform
Authors: Alexandre Armando , Percher Yohan , Choisnet Thomas , Buils Urbano Ricard , Harries Robert
Published: December 2018

Floating wind solutions have developed significantly in the recent years, moving from single demonstrators to having several floating wind pilot wind farms currently under development and even in operation. This is an important step for the industry allowing the market to gain confidence in these solutions for offshore wind. Ideol is a leading floating platform designer and they have been working on a demonstration project for their innovative platform in France. The Floatgen demonstration project consists of a 2MW wind turbine mounted on the Damping Pool platform. During the design phase of the project, the coupled analysis of the full system — turbine, tower, floating platform and moorings needs to be carried out to verify the loading on the turbine and platform, adapt the turbine controller for the floating application and re-design the tower and transition piece. For this project, DNV GL performed the aforementioned analysis in Bladed whilst Ideol performed parallel analysis in OrcaFlex, focusing on the platform and mooring design. It is crucial that both numerical models used in the different software tools and parallel analysis workflows are equivalent and lead to the same overall system behavior. This paper describes the numerical model used for coupled analysis in Bladed and its verification against Ideol’s OrcaFlex model, with emphasis on the aspects related to the platform modelling. For the hydrodynamic loading of the platform, boundary element method was considered together with global and local viscous drag terms. To compare and verify the coupled model results in Bladed to Ideol’s own numerical results, a set of static and dynamic tests were run and the resultant kinematics were compared. Ideol’s model was previously validated against tank test experiments giving confidence in its behavior. The viscous drag coefficients in the Bladed model were adjusted to ensure a good agreement between the kinematics of Ideol’s model of the system and the Bladed model. This paper summarizes the results of this verification exercise, along with some recommendations on areas of further research in the floating wind modelling domain.
Nonlinear Wave Load Models for Extra Large Monopiles
Authors: Pákozdi Csaba , Spence Silas , Fouques Sebastien , Thys Maxime , Alsos Hagbart S. , Bachynski Erin E. , Bihs Hans , Kamath Arun
Published: December 2018

As the offshore wind industry moves toward deeper water, with larger turbines and correspondingly larger monopile foundations, nonlinear loads from steep waves may become more important for the ULS design. Nonlinear numerical wave tanks (NWTs) for generating wave kinematics, to be used as input to i.e. Morison’s equation, have been applied by several research groups, but further validation of the obtained wave kinematics is needed. Furthermore, the load models for larger diameters also need to be evaluated.

The present work first compares the wave elevation results from existing two-dimensional (2D) NWT tools. The nonlinear wave elevation is compared to experimental results from model tests of two regular waves. Several methods of wave generation are considered. The conclusion from the study is that the selected codes represent physics well, even though we see individual differences, which are discussed. Differences between codes are not necessarily only due to differences in the applied theory, but also modeling of wave flap, numerical beach etc.

Load (and response) estimates from using the NWT kinematics combined with the Morison load model are compared to experimental results, two sets of CFD simulations, and to simpler load models. Alternative methods of selecting the load coefficients for the simplified load models are also discussed.
Load Mitigation on Floating Offshore Wind Turbines With Advanced Controls and Tuned Mass Dampers
Authors: Cross-Whiter John , Ackers Benjamin B. , Arora Dhiraj , Wright Alan , Fleming Paul , Lackner Matthew , Park Semyung
Published: December 2018

General Electric, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass), and Glosten have recently completed a US Department of Energy (DOE)-funded research program to study technologies for mitigating loads on floating offshore wind turbines through the use of advanced turbine controls and tuned mass dampers (TMDs).

The analysis was based upon the Glosten PelaStar tension leg platform (TLP) with GE Haliade 150 turbine, a system developed in a previous front end engineering design (FEED) study funded by the Energy Technology Institute (ETI) in the UK. The platform was designed for the WaveHub wave energy research site, with a mean water depth of 59-m.

Loads were analyzed by running time-domain simulations in four 50-year return period (50-YRP) ultimate load state (ULS) conditions and 77 fatigue load state (FLS) environmental conditions. In 50-YRP conditions advanced controls are not active. The influence of TMDs on ULS loads have been reported previously (Park et al. [2]). In FLS conditions advanced controls and TMDs afford dramatic reductions in fatigue damage, offering the potential of significant savings in tower structural requirements.

Simulations in turbine idling conditions were run in OrcaFlex, and simulations in operating conditions were run in FAST. Simulations were run with a baseline turbine controller, representative of the current state of the art, and an advanced controller developed by NREL to use collective and individual blade pitch control to maintain rotor speed and reduce tower loads. UMass developed a number of TMD types, with varying system configurations, including passive nonlinear dampers and semi-actively controlled dampers with an inverse velocity groundhook control algorithm.

Loads and accelerations in FLS conditions were evaluated on the basis of damage equivalent loads (DELs), and fatigue damage was computed by Miner’s summations of stress cycles at the tower base.

To study sensitivity to water depth, loads were analyzed at both the 59-m WaveHub depth and a more commercially realistic depth of 100 m.

TMDs reduce fatigue damage at the tower-column interface flange by up to 52% in 59-m water depth and up to 28% in 100 m water depth. Advanced controls reduce fatigue damage at the tower-column flange by up to 22% in 59-m water depth and up to 40% in 100 m water depth.

The most effective load-mitigation strategy is combining advanced controls with TMDs. This strategy affords a 71% reduction in fatigue damage in both 59-m and 100-m water depths.
Global Sizing of the WindFloat for a 10 MW Generic Wind Turbine
Authors: Son Daewoong , Pinguet Romain , Roddier Dominique
Published: December 2018

It is now widely accepted that, due to significant economies of scale, the levelized cost of energy in offshore wind industry decreases as the turbine size and rated power increases. For offshore wind turbines, fixed and floating foundations can be quite complimentary when sites span a large water depth range. This paper presents the new WindFloat semisubmersible design supporting a 10MW generic wind turbine made by DTU [1]. This study evaluates the initial global performance of the WindFloat 10MW hull. In addition, RAO and frequency domain accelerations at the nacelle are presented. A comparison of the OpenFAST model, that we plan to use in all the future analysis, will be conducted against the benchmarked OrcaFAST model used by PPI and validated against the WindFloat prototype [2].
Wave localized finite-difference-time-domain modelling of scattering of elastic waves within a polycrystalline material
Authors: Shivaprasad S. , Pandala Abhishek , Krishnamurthy C. V. , Balasubramaniam Krishnan
Published: December 2018

Ultrasonic studies based on the first arrived signals are of utmost importance when dealing with heterogeneous material especially to seismology, biomedical imaging, as well as for nondestructive evaluation and structural health monitoring applications. Numerical modelling of elastic waves through polycrystalline features has been primarily held back by huge computational requirements. This article discusses the development of a robust and efficient numerical scheme based on finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) by introducing wave-localized approach to simulate elastic waves in polycrystalline media. The numerical scheme adopts a rotated staggered grid in velocity-stress configuration. The numerical efficiency is improved by adopting parallel computing using efficient graphical processors and by introducing wave-localized computations. It is demonstrated that the proposed tool, especially with the introduction of wave-localized approach, is computationally faster and can handle large-scale grains in comparison with the commercial finite element software, especially when dealing with first arrived signals. This article reports an optimal ratio of FDTD grids per grain to minimize the staircasing effects at the polycrystalline boundaries and was found to be valid over a range of grain sizes. The article also addresses the orientation averaging requirements achieving statistically significant first arrived signal and suggests optimal averaging trials for various grain size models. The developed two-dimensional model shows good agreement with the prediction across the Rayleigh and Stochastic scattering regimes for the chosen model material (Inconel 600) having a cubic symmetry.
Secular decrease of wind power potential in India associated with warming in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Gao Meng , Ding Yihui , Song Shaojie , Lu Xiao , Chen Xinyu , McElroy Michael B.
Published: December 2018

Warming in the Indian Ocean lowers wind power potential in India.
Structure and dynamical behavior of non-normal networks
Authors: Asllani Malbor , Lambiotte Renaud , Carletti Timoteo
Published: December 2018

We show that many real-world networks are non-normal, with important consequences for their stability and dynamical behavior.
Neuroinflammatory signals drive spinal curve formation in zebrafish models of idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Van Gennip J. L. M. , Boswell C. W. , Ciruna B.
Published: December 2018

Zebrafish models implicate neuroinflammation as an underlying cause of, and druggable therapeutic target for, idiopathic scoliosis.