bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of self‐reinforced polyethylene recyclates according to different valorization strategies
Authors: Roiron Coline , Lainé Eric , Grandidier Jean‐Claude , Garois Nicolas , Voillequin Baptiste , Vix‐Guterl Cathie
Published: June 2024

In the context of the energy transition, especially in the automotive and aerospace fields, specific attention must be paid to energy consumption and carbon footprint reduction throughout the life cycle of parts. Composites such as self‐reinforced polymers (SRPs) appear as an interesting alternative by combining the components' lightness, mechanical strength, and similar chemical nature. This last point makes recycling possible without any costly separation step of the constituents. The literature has widely reported the easy recyclability of SRP as a development driver. However, few studies analyze it in detail. The feasibility of reprocessing by mechanical grinding a self‐reinforced polyethylene (SRPE) is then examined to view two valorization routes. The impact of the thermomechanical history undergone before recycling, the grinding, the nature of the shreds, and the reprocessing conditions, on the behavior of the recyclates is studied, in parallel with physical considerations, for one reprocessing cycle. The results obtained show that SRPE can be mechanically recycled and keep interesting mechanical properties whatever its reuse.
Poly(ionic liquid) composite oxygenated graphite carbon nitride for enhanced photocatalytic and synergistic bacteriostasis
Authors: Song Tingting , Luan Jingmin , Sun Haifeng , Tan Zhiyong , Dai Yuhua , Yu Jianxiang
Published: June 2024

With the increase of drug‐resistant bacteria and the limitations of traditional antibacterial methods, photocatalytic inhibition has received widespread attention as a novel antibacterial method. In this paper, poly(1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) composite oxygenated carbon nitride (PBF‐OCN) were prepared by in situ free radical polymerization using 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and OCN. The results showed that the light absorption ability and electron hole separation rate of PBF‐OCN were greatly improved compared with that of OCN, and the rate constant for photocatalytic removal MB of PBF‐OCN‐1 was about 1.39 times of that OCN. The growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) could be significantly inhibited by PBF‐OCN under visible light, among which, the inhibition of PBF‐OCN‐3 was the most excellent, with the diameter of the circle of inhibition reaching 20.69 mm for E. coli, and 21.30 mm for S. aureus, and the inhibition rate against E. coli calculated by plate counting method reached 97.0%. The minimum inhibitory concentration for E. coli and S. aureus was 0.0625 mg/mL, respectively, and the possible inhibition mechanism of the samples was explored. The good synergistic antibacterial effect of PBF‐OCN is expected to be applied in water treatment, antibacterial devices, packaging materials, and other fields.
Comparison of propofol‐esketamine versus propofol‐sufentanil for deep sedation and analgesia in children with autism: A randomized double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Miao Yanxiang , Zheng Minghui , Li Qing , Xiong Lixia , Feng Jinxiang , Liu Xiaoyu , Fan Guoxiang , Chaturvedi Rupesh , Zhang Faming , Yin Ning
Published: June 2024

Propofol sedation, routinely used for endoscopic procedures, is safe and acceptable for children. Adjuvants, such as esketamine or sufentanil, are commonly added to improve the efficacy and safety of propofol sedation. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of propofol‐esketamine (PE) versus propofol‐sufentanil (PS) for deep sedation and analgesia in children with autism undergoing colonoscopy procedure. One hundred and twenty‐four children with autism undergoing colonoscopy procedure were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the two adjuvants: esketamine (0.3 mg/kg) or sufentanil (0.2 μg/kg), subsequently administered propofol 2.0 mg/kg to induce anesthesia. Additional doses of propofol (0.5–1.0 mg/kg) were administered as needed to ensure patient tolerance for the remaining duration of the procedure. Movement during the procedure, hemodynamic variables, the total dose of propofol, recovery time, and adverse events were recorded. The PE group exhibited a significantly lower incidence of severe movement during the procedure compared with the PS group (14.52% vs. 32.26%, p = 0.020). The PE group showed significantly lower incidence of respiratory depression, hypotension, and severe injection pain of propofol than the PS group during the procedure (all p < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased significantly after anesthesia induction in the PS group and remained lower than baseline (all p < 0.05). Compared with the combination of low‐dose sufentanil (0.2 μg/mg) with propofol, the low‐dose esketamine (0.3 mg/kg) combined with propofol provided more stable hemodynamics, higher quality of sedation, and fewer adverse events in children with autism undergoing colonoscopy procedure.
The effects of MEPaL on oxidative stress and motor function in the rats affected by prenatal hypoxia
Authors: Nasri Hadis , Ghotbeddin Zohreh , Rahimi Kaveh , Tabandeh Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2024

Background and objectives

Maternal hypoxia disrupts neural development and subsequently leads to cerebral palsy and epilepsy in newborns. Hypoxia plays a role in neurodegeneration by increasing oxidative stress. Pistacia atlantica is known as an important antioxidant, and its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects have been shown in various studies. This study aims to investigate the effects of methanolic extract of P. atlantica leaves (MEPaLs) on the oxidative parameters in the serum of rats affected by maternal hypoxia.

Material and methods

In this study, eight pregnant rats were used. The newborns were divided into four groups, including the control and the hypoxia groups, which are affected by maternal hypoxia, hypoxia + MEPaL 100 mg/kg, and hypoxia + MEPaL 150 mg/kg. MEPaL was injected (i.p) for 21 days into the neonatal rats after the lactation period. Hypoxia was induced by keeping pregnant rats in a hypoxic chamber with 7% oxygen and 93% nitrogen intensity for 3 h on the 20th day of pregnancy. Behavioral changes were measured using open‐field and rotarod tests. Finally, biomarkers of oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), GSSG, TAS, TOS, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in the experimental groups.

Results

Behavioral results showed that the anxiety behavior in the hypoxia group increased, but the motor activity (moved distance and movement speed) decreased. Moreover, the amount of time spent maintaining balance on the rotarod rod was significantly decreased in the hypoxia group. The concentration of NO in the group of hypoxia + MEPaL 100 mg/kg showed a significant decrease, and MEPaL 100, and 150 mg/kg + hypoxia also increased the concentration of GSH and decreased GSSG. In addition, MEPaL100 and 150 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the ratio of GSH to GSSG and decreased OSI and total oxidant capacity.

Conclusions

Oxidative stress increased in the rats affected by maternal hypoxia and may be the main mechanism for motor activity impairment and balance disturbance, whereas MELaL improved motor performance by decreasing oxidative stress.
Causal link between oxidative stress and epilepsy: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xia Yilin , Lai Wanlin , Sha Leihao , Duan Yifei , Chen Lei
Published: June 2024

Background

Although a growing body of research has indicated a strong link between oxidative stress and epilepsy, the exact nature of their interaction remains elusive. To elucidate this intricate relationship, we conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis employing two independent datasets.

Methods

A two‐sample MR analysis was performed using instrumental variables derived from genome‐wide association study summary statistics of oxidative stress injury biomarkers (OSIB) and epilepsy. The OSIBs were selected from eight primary metabolic pathways associated with oxidative stress. Additionally, seven distinct epilepsy phenotypes were considered, which encompassed all epilepsy, generalized epilepsy, generalized tonic‐clonic seizures, focal epilepsy, focal epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (focal HS), focal epilepsy with lesions other than HS (focal NHS), and lesion‐negative focal epilepsy. Causal estimates were computed using the inverse‐variance weighted method or the Wald ratio method, and the robustness of causality was assessed through sensitivity analyses.

Results

For OSIB and epilepsy, 520 and 23 genetic variants, respectively, were selectively extracted as instrumental variants. Genetically predicted higher kynurenine level was associated with a decreased risk of focal epilepsy (odds ratio [OR] 1.950, 95% CI 1.373–2.528, p = .023) and focal NHS (OR 1.276, 95% CI 1.100–1.453, p = .006). For reverse analysis, there was a suggestive effect of focal NHS on urate (OR 1.19 × 1015, 95% CI 11.19 × 1015 to 1.19 × 1015, p = .0000746) and total bilirubin (Tb) (OR 4.98, 95% CI 3.423–6.543, p = .044). In addition, genetic predisposition to focal HS was associated with higher Tb levels (OR 9.83, 95% CI 7.77–11.888, p = .034).

Conclusion

This MR study provides compelling evidence of a robust association between oxidative stress and epilepsy, with a notable emphasis on a causal relationship between oxidative stress and focal epilepsy. Additional research is warranted to confirm the connection between oxidative stress and the risk of epilepsy and to unravel the underlying mechanisms.
Depression and risk of arthritis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wu Min‐Yi , Liang Yu‐Ying , Han Qi‐Jia , Ai Zhu , Yan Hao‐Wen , Xiang Zhi‐Ming
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Observational studies have found that most patients with arthritis have depression. We aimed to determine the causal relationship between various types of arthritis and depression.

Methods

We conducted a two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomized (MR) analysis to determine whether there was a significant causal relationship between depression and multiple types of arthritis. The data of our study were derived from the publicly released genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) and the largest GWAS meta‐analysis. MR analysis mainly used inverse‐variance weighted method; supplementary methods included weighted median, weighted mode, and MR‐Egger using MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier to detect and correct for the presence of pleiotropy.

Results

After adjusting for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, we found that depression was associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis (OA) (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01–1.02, p = 2.96 × E − 5). In the reverse analysis, OA was also found to increase the risk of depression (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.04–1.15, p = .0002). Depression only increased the risk of knee OA (KOA) (OR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.10–1.42, p = 6.46 × E − 4). Depression could potentially increase the risk of spondyloarthritis (OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.19–1.94, p ≤ 8.94 × E − 4).

Conclusion

There is a bidirectional causal relationship of depression with OA. However, depression only augments the risk of developing KOA. Depression may increase the risk of spondyloarthritis and gout.
“GO” to move toward dementia‐friendly communities: A pilot study
Authors: Iizuka Ai , Ura Chiaki , Yamashita Mari , Ito Koki , Yamashiro Miyuko , Okamura Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2024

Background

To the creation of mutual aid relationships among people with cognitive decline is important in aging societies. This study aimed to develop and examine the feasibility of a GO Program in which older adults, with experience in playing GO, support the learning of GO by older adults with cognitive decline and other barriers to social participation, which in turn reduces social isolation and creates opportunities for older adults to use their role.

Methods

This single‐arm intervention study was conducted in Tokyo, Japan. Introductory GO classes were held for 10 participants who had never played GO (beginners) and 10 participants who had (supporters) once a week for an hour, for a total of 12 sessions. Supporters and beginners were paired to solve problems and play games. We assessed the feasibility of the program and its effects on mental health social network, and cognitive function.

Results

Cognitive test scores were at the mild cognitive Impairment level for beginners as well as for supporters. Satisfaction with the program was high, with an overall class attendance rate of 99.1% and none leaving the program. No significant changes were observed over time for beginners in each measurement; however, there was a significant improvement in the Mini Mental State Examination‐Japanese scores for supporters (p < .05).

Conclusions

The results suggest that this program could contribute to the creation of mutual aid relationships among older adults with cognitive decline; even if they have mildly declined cognitive function, they can still play an active role in society. Moreover, creating such opportunities may positively impact cognitive function.
The altered functional status in vestibular migraine: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Du Junyong , Liu Yong , Zhu Wenhao
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Vestibular migraine (VM) is a disorder with prominent vestibular symptoms that are causally correlated with migraine and is the most prevalent neurological cause of episodic vertigo. Nevertheless, the functional underpinnings of VM remain largely unclear. This study aimed to reveal concordant alteration patterns of functional connectivity (FC) in VM patients.

Methods

We searched literature measuring resting‐state FC abnormalities of VM patients in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases before May 2023. Furthermore, we applied the anisotropic effect size‐signed differential mapping (AES‐SDM) to conduct a whole‐brain voxel‐wise meta‐analysis to identify the convergence of FC alterations in VM patients.

Results

Nine studies containing 251 VM patients and 257 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Relative to HCs, VM patients showed reduced activity in the left superior temporal gyrus and left midcingulate/paracingulate gyri, and increased activity in the precuneus, right superior parietal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. Jackknife's analysis and subgroup analysis further supported the generalization and robustness of the main results. Furthermore, meta‐regression analyses indicated that the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) ratings were positively correlated with the activity in the precuneus, while higher Headache Impact Test‐6 and DHI scores were associated with lower activity within the left midcingulate/paracingulate gyri.

Conclusions

The study indicates that VM is associated with specific functional deficits of VM patients in crucial regions involved in the vestibular and pain networks and provides further information on the pathophysiological mechanisms of VM.
Associations between atypical intracortical myelin content and neuropsychological functions in middle to older aged adults with ASD
Authors: Kohli Jiwandeep S. , Linke Annika C. , Martindale Ian A. , Wilkinson Molly , Kinnear Mikaela K. , Lincoln Alan J. , Hau Janice , Shryock Ian , Omaleki Vinton , Alemu Kalekirstos , Pedrahita Stephanie , Fishman Inna , Müller Ralph‐Axel , Carper Ruth A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

In vivo myeloarchitectonic mapping based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a unique view of gray matter myelin content and offers information complementary to other morphological indices commonly employed in studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study sought to determine if intracortical myelin content (MC) and its age‐related trajectories differ between middle aged to older adults with ASD and age‐matched typical comparison participants.

Methods

Data from 30 individuals with ASD and 36 age‐matched typical comparison participants aged 40–70 years were analyzed. Given substantial heterogeneity in both etiology and outcomes in ASD, we utilized both group‐level and subject‐level analysis approaches to test for signs of atypical intracortical MC as estimated by T1w/T2w ratio.

Results

Group‐level analyses showed no significant differences in average T1w/T2w ratio or its associations with age between groups, but revealed significant positive main effects of age bilaterally, with T1w/T2w ratio increasing with age across much of the cortex. In subject‐level analyses, participants were classified into subgroups based on presence or absence of clusters of aberrant T1w/T2w ratio, and lower neuropsychological function was observed in the ASD subgroup with atypically high T1w/T2w ratio in spatially heterogeneous cortical regions. These differences were observed across several neuropsychological domains, including overall intellectual functioning, processing speed, and aspects of executive function.

Conclusions

The group‐level and subject‐level approaches employed here demonstrate the value of examining inter‐individual variability and provide important preliminary insights into relationships between brain structure and cognition in the second half of the lifespan in ASD, suggesting shared factors contributing to atypical intracortical myelin content and poorer cognitive outcomes for a subset of middle aged to older autistic adults. These atypicalities likely reflect diverse histories of neurodevelopmental deficits, and possible compensatory changes, compounded by processes of aging, and may serve as useful markers of vulnerability to further cognitive decline in older adults with ASD.
Identifying victim types in sexual homicide: A latent class analysis using interactional victimology theories
Authors: Georgoulis Hana , Beauregard Eric , Chopin Julien
Published: June 2024

Sexual homicide (SH) research has focused on those who commit these crimes and the crimes themselves. This leaves the victim, an equally crucial piece to the puzzle, left as a sort of afterthought, despite the valuable insight that victimology provides to the crime. For the current study, victim information related to their routine activities and lifestyles was taken from an international database containing 662 solved cases of SH. Nine victim variables were used in a latent class analysis to find hidden subgroups within the victim population. Three classes were identified—low‐risk, homebody, and overt risk victims—which suggests that SH victimization varies depending on the victim lifestyles and routine activities. These groups were externally validated by examining their association with different phases of the crime commission process. Some sexual homicide offenders may be more drawn to a victim because they present as vulnerable and opportunistic, while others might be methodically targeted. The theoretical relevance of this typology, along with investigative and prevention strategies, is discussed.
Predictive factors for peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in multiple myeloma in the era of novel therapies: A single‐center experience
Authors: He Xiao , Jiang Duanfeng , Zhao Liang , Chen Shuping , Zhu Yan , He Qun , He Yanjuan
Published: June 2024

Objective

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the leading indication of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of mobilization failure and characterize the risk factors associated with poor mobilization (PM) of MM patients in novel therapies era.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of 211 MM patients who received their first peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) mobilization at our single center. The following data were collected: age, gender, clinical stage, disease status, complete blood cell count, induction regimen, CD34+ cell count in peripheral blood (PB), and PBSC collections.

Results

In addition to conventional drugs, 22 (10.4%) patients received daratumumab containing induction, and 33 (15.6%) patients used plerixafor for poor mobilization (pre‐apheresis PB CD34+ cells <20/μL). Failure of collection occurred in 24 (11.4%) patients and was correlated with low white blood cell (WBC), ≥3 cycles of lenalidomide treatment before mobilization, steady‐state mobilization and nouse of plerixafor are associated with mobilization failure. Daratumumab‐based induction treatment ≥2 courses, albumin >41 g/L before mobilization, and steady‐state mobilization were risk factors for PM in subgroups of patients treated with lenalidomide for <3 courses. In addition, Hepatitis B virus infection at baseline, thalassemia and measurable residual disease positivity were recognized as predictive factors for PM in subset of chemo‐mobilization patients.

Conclusion

In addition to some well‐recognized risk factors, baseline WBC count and daratumumab exposure ≥2 courses before mobilization were revealed as the predictive factors of mobilization failure, providing consultation for preemptive use of plerixafor.
Survival outcome and predictors of WHO grade 2 and 3 insular gliomas: A classification based on the tumor spread
Authors: Xue Bowen , Hou Zonggang , Deng Zhenghai , Sun Shengjun , Zhang Chuanhao , Pan Yuesong , Zhang Yazhuo , Li Zhenye , Xie Jian
Published: June 2024

Objective

The study aimed to identify if clinical features and survival outcomes of insular glioma patients are associated with our classification based on the tumor spread.

Methods

Our study included 283 consecutive patients diagnosed with histological grade 2 and 3 insular gliomas. A new classification was proposed, and tumors restricted to the paralimbic system were defined as type 1. When tumors invaded the limbic system (referred to as the hippocampus and its surrounding structures in this study) simultaneously, they were defined as type 2. Tumors with additional internal capsule involvement were defined as type 3.

Results

Tumors defined as type 3 had a higher age at diagnosis (p = 0.002) and a higher preoperative volume (p < 0.001). Furthermore, type 3 was more likely to be diagnosed as IDH wild type (p < 0.001), with a higher rate of Ki‐67 index (p = 0.015) and a lower rate of gross total resection (p < 0.001). Type 1 had a slower tumor growth rate than type 2 (mean 3.3%/month vs. 19.8%/month; p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed the extent of resection (HR 0.259, p = 0.004), IDH status (HR 3.694, p = 0.012), and tumor spread type (HR = 1.874, p = 0.012) as independent predictors of overall survival (OS). Tumor grade (HR 2.609, p = 0.008), the extent of resection (HR 0.488, p = 0.038), IDH status (HR 2.225, p = 0.025), and tumor spread type (HR 1.531, p = 0.038) were significant in predicting progression‐free survival (PFS).

Conclusion

The current study proposes a classification of the insular glioma according to the tumor spread. It indicates that the tumors defined as type 1 have a relatively better nature and biological characteristics, and those defined as type 3 can be more aggressive and refractory. Besides its predictive value for prognosis, the classification has potential value in formulating surgical strategies for patients with insular gliomas.
Thermal Inactivation, Denaturation and Aggregation Processes of Papain‐Like Proteases
Authors: Koroleva Victoria , Lavlinskaya Maria , Holyavka Marina , Penkov Nikita , Zuev Yuriy , Artyukhov Valeriy
Published: June 2024

The investigation into the behavior of ficin, bromelain, papain under thermal conditions holds both theoretical and practical significance. The production processes of medicines and cosmetics often involve exposure to high temperatures, particularly during the final product sterilization phase. Hence, it′s crucial to identify the “critical” temperatures for each component within the mixture for effective technological regulation. In light of this, the objective of this study was to examine the thermal inactivation, aggregation, and denaturation processes of three papain‐like proteases: ficin, bromelain, papain. To achieve this goal, the following experiments were conducted: (1) determination of the quantity of inactivated proteases using enzyme kinetics with BAPNA as a substrate; (2) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); (3) assessment of protein aggregation using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and spectrophotometric analysis at 280 nm. Our findings suggest that the inactivation of ficin and papain exhibits single decay step which characterized by a rapid decline, then preservation of the same residual activity by enzyme stabilization. Only bromelain shows two steps with different kinetics. The molecular sizes of the active and inactive forms are similar across ficin, bromelain, and papain. Furthermore, the denaturation of these forms occurs at approximately the same rate and is accompanied by protein aggregation.
Paeoniae Radix Rubra: A Review of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, Therapeutic Mechanism for Blood Stasis Syndrome, and Quality Control
Authors: Fan Zuowang , Liu Jing , Wang Xu , Yang Saisai , Wang Qi , Yan Li , Zhang Yao , Wu Xiuhong
Published: June 2024

Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PRR) known as Chishao, in China, is the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. or Paeonia veitchii Lynch, with a history of over 2000 years in traditional Chinese medicine, is employed to clear heat, cool the blood, dispel blood stasis, and alleviate pain. Phytochemical investigations identified 264 compounds that contained monoterpenes and their glycosides, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, steroids, flavonoids, lignans, tannins, volatile oils, and other compounds. It has been reported to have different pharmacological activities, including cardiovascular‐protective, antidepressive, neuroprotective, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and anti‐inflammatory effects. This study offers a comprehensive review covering ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, therapeutic mechanism for blood stasis syndrome, and quality control of PRR. The comprehensive analysis aims to achieve a thorough understanding of its effects and serves as a foundation for future research and development.
The Post‐Polyketide Synthase Modification Mechanism in Hitachimycin Biosynthesis
Authors: Kudo Fumitaka , Tsuboi Kazuma , Ikezaki Mutsumi , Nagayama Daiki , Kawamura Koichi , Ando Taishi , Miyanaga Akimasa , Eguchi Tadashi
Published: June 2024

Hitachimycin is a bicyclic macrolactam antibiotic with (S)‐β‐phenylalanine (β‐Phe) at the starter position of the polyketide skeleton. While the enzymes that recognize β‐amino acids, modify the aminoacyl groups, and transfer the resultant dipeptide groups to the acyl carrier protein domains of polyketide synthases (PKSs) have been studied extensively, the post‐PKS modification mechanism responsible for constructing the unique bicyclic structure of hitachimycin remains elusive. In this study, we first inactivated six genes encoding putative post‐PKS modification enzymes, namely hitM1 to hitM6, in Streptomyces scabrisporus to determine their involvement in hitachimycin biosynthesis. The ΔhitM4 strain accumulated an all‐trans‐2,4,6,8,18‐pentaene macrolactam, which was confirmed as a true intermediate in hitachimycin biosynthesis by cellular feeding experiments, and appears to be the initial intermediate in the post‐PKS modification pathway. The ΔhitM1 strain accumulated 10‐O‐demethyl‐10‐oxohitachimycin (M1‐A). In enzymatic experiments, M1‐A was reduced by the NAD(P)H‐dependent reductase HitM1 in the presence of NADPH. The product of the reaction catalyzed by HitM1 was converted to hitachimycin by the methyltransferase HitM6. We thus propose a plausible post‐PKS modification mechanism for the biosynthesis of hitachimycin.
Controllable Silver Release for Efficient Treatment of Drug‐Resistant Bacterial‐Infected Wounds
Authors: Shi Yanfeng , Wang Lupeng , Song Siqi , Liu Miao , Zhang Pengfei , Zhong Di , Wang Yanjing , Niu Yusheng , Xu Yuanhong
Published: June 2024

The use of traditional Ag‐based antibacterial agents is usually accompanied by uncontrollable silver release, which makes it difficult to find a balance between antibacterial performance and biosafety. Herein, we prepared a core‐shell system of ZIF‐8‐derived amorphous carbon‐coated Ag nanoparticles (Ag@C) as an ideal research model to reveal the synergistic effect and structure‐activity relationship of the structural transformation of carbon shell and Ag core on the regulation of silver release behavior. It is found that Ag@C prepared at 600 °C (AC6) exhibits the best ion release kinetics due to the combination of relatively simple shell structure and lower crystallinity of the Ag core, thereby exerting stronger antibacterial properties (>99.999 %) at trace doses (20 μg mL−1) compared with most other Ag‐based materials. Meanwhile, the carbon shell prevents the metal Ag from being directly exposed to the organism and thus endows AC6 with excellent biocompatibility. In animal experiments, AC6 can effectively promote wound healing by inactivating drug‐resistant bacteria while regulating the expression of TNF‐α and CD31. This work provides theoretical support for the scientific design and clinical application of controllable ion‐releasing antibacterial agents.
Posterior scleritis following a single infusion of zoledronate for osteoporosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ma Dingling , Xiao Can , Zhao Deshui , Li Guohua , Cheng Wei , Deng Xin , He Dan , Liu Kai
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

The most frequently reported adverse reaction to zoledronic acid is an acute phase reaction resembling influenza. While rarer adverse events such as osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures have gained significant recognition, the ocular adverse effects, particularly scleritis, are not yet fully comprehended. Here, we present the case of a 75‐year‐old female patient with osteoporosis who developed bilateral redness and intense eye pain 48 h after receiving a 5 mg intravenous dose of zoledronic acid. Clinical presentation suggested bilateral conjunctivitis, but treatment with levofloxacin eye drops and acyclovir ophthalmic gel exacerbated the symptoms over 2 days, predominantly affecting the left eye. Ocular ultrasonography revealed thickening of the left eyeball wall with a “T” sign, while an orbital CT scan showed increased thickness of the left sclera. Treatment with methylprednisolone 80 mg intravenous infusion twice daily led to gradual symptom improvement and eventual resolution of inflammation. This report, based on a review of relevant literature, investigates the treatment and outcomes of zoledronic acid‐induced scleritis, emphasizing the importance for clinicians to promptly identify and manage this rare and serious ocular adverse reaction.
Oxygen‐Tolerant CO2 Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhu Hong‐Jing , Guo Hui , Cao Rong , Huang Yuan‐Biao
Published: June 2024

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) to generate high‐value products is considered to be a promising approach to reduce the atmospheric concentration of CO2. However, the pure CO2 gas is generally required in the most of the reported CO2RR system, which brings tedious capture and separation procedures and high cost. The utilization of realistic CO2 emission directly such as flue gas for the CO2RR is highly desirable. However, the gas impurities in the real CO2 sources such as oxygen could seriously affect the activity and selectivity of the CO2RR. This concept summarizes the recently reported works about CO2RR studies in the presence of O2 and highlights the physical and chemical strategies to boost CO2 electroreduction performance. We further discuss the implications of these strategies for future progress in this emerging field.
Low‐Temperature Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids to Alcohols over Heterogeneous FeOx‐Modified Ru Catalyst
Authors: Tamura Masazumi , Chen Pengru , Umehara Yumi , Onodera Wataru , Akatsuka Masato , Kita Yusuke
Published: June 2024

Selective hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to alcohols is generally difficult due to the low reactivity of the carboxy group, and the development of effective catalysts enabling high yields of the target alcohols at low reaction temperatures (<473 K) is challenging. Herein, we found that SiO2‐supported FeOx‐modified Ru (Ru−FeOx/SiO2) with the Fe/Ru molar ratio of 0.4 was an effective and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids at a low reaction temperature of 413 K, providing the alcohols in high yields (up to 97 %). The addition of Fe species drastically suppressed the hydrogenolysis of the C−C bond of the alkyl chain to methane, leading to high selectivity to the alcohols. Based on the activity tests and catalyst characterizations, Ru metals were covered by the reduced Fe species, such as Fe metal or Fe2+, and the active site is the interface between the Fe species and Ru metals. From the reactivity comparison of the related compounds, the alcohol is synthesized via the formation of the aldehyde, and the reactivity of the alcohol is very low in the presence of carboxylic acids. As a result, the hydrogenolysis of the produced alcohol is suppressed, leading to the high selectivity of the alcohol.
Robust Junction Formation of Copper(I) Oxide on Graphitic Carbon Nitride Enhances Aqueous Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction without Sacrificial Reagents
Authors: Choi Byeonghoon , Lim Chan Kyu , Kim Minjun , Bang Kodong , Park Bumjin , Lee Hee‐Seung , Song Hyunjoon
Published: June 2024

Semiconductor hybrid structures containing multiple components have been considered an ideal photocatalyst design to generate long‐lived charge‐separated states. The reaction activity is highly susceptible to the catalyst component and morphology, particularly for the reactions requiring high activation energies, such as a CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). In this study, we selected g‐C3N4 and Cu2O as photocatalytic components having bandgaps suitable for CO2RR. Our approach involved establishing robust electric junctions between these domains by direct growth of Cu on g‐C3N4 via a polyol process. The resulting g‐C3N4/Cu2O hybrid was employed as photocatalysts in an aqueous medium without hole acceptors. The catalyst exhibited notable activities for CO (94 μmol gcat−1 h−1) and CH4 production (218 μmol gcat−1 h−1), maintaining stability for over 6 h. The inherent synergy between g‐C3N4 and Cu2O, facilitated by the formation of conductive junctions, enabled efficient electron transfer to promote CO2RR. These findings ensured the importance of junctions and interfaces in the hybrid catalyst structures for unlocking superior photocatalytic CO2RR performance.
Silica‐Grafted Isonicotinamide to Boost Catalytic Activity of Cobalt Nanoparticles in Hydrogenation and Reductive Amination Reactions
Authors: Carmona‐Chávez Rodrigo , Pulido‐Díaz Israel T. , Rodríguez‐Nava Mota Abril , Salas‐Martin Karla P. , Portales‐Martínez Benjamín , Guerrero‐Ríos Itzel , Reina Antonio
Published: June 2024

The functionalization of silica supports with isonicotinamide (NIC) facilitated the stabilization of small (3.5 nm), spherical cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) used in catalytic hydrogenation. Various silica matrices, including amorphous, mesoporous, and non‐porous ones, were synthesized and post‐grafted with NIC to serve as ligands for stabilizing CoNPs. Comprehensive characterization techniques were employed to fully analyze the prepared materials, which were then utilized in the catalytic hydrogenation of acetophenone, serving as a benchmark reaction to assess the impact of different silica supports on catalysis. The porosity and surface nature of the silica matrices played crucial roles in anchoring the amide ligand, and the presence of the ligand was essential for stabilizing the nanoparticles. Among the catalysts tested, CoNPs@SBA‐15/NIC exhibited the highest catalytic activity and demonstrated excellent performance in the hydrogenation of alkenes, nitriles, ketones, and quinoline under relatively mild conditions. No significant alteration in catalyst morphology or leaching of metal was observed after the reaction. Notably, this catalytic system achieved turnover numbers comparable to those of homogeneous cobalt catalysts. Additionally, one‐pot tandem reductive amination reactions starting from aldehydes and involving both amines and nitrobenzene yielded secondary and tertiary amines in good yields, highlighting the robustness and versatility of the catalyst.
Effect of Varying Temperatures on the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using LiNi0.3Mn0.3Co0.3Ti0.1O2 Cathode Materials
Authors: Elong Kelimah , Kasim Muhd Firdaus , Badar Nurhanna , Azahidi Azira , Osman Zurina
Published: June 2024

LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC 111) materials show promise as cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, their widespread use is hampered by various technical challenges, including rapid capacity fading and voltage instability. The cathode materials synthesized using the combustion method were annealed at various temperatures ranging from 650 to 900 °C for 24 h. In this study, we identified an optimal annealing temperature of 750 °C for LiNi0.3Mn0.3Co0.3Ti0.1O2 (NMCT) materials. NMCT‐750 exhibits an initial discharge capacity of about 140.1 mAh g−1 and retains the capacity of 91 % after 30th cycles. The good performance of NMCT‐750 is directly attributed to reduced cation mixing and the establishment of a stable structure with small particle sizes. In contrast, higher annealing temperatures (850 °C) lead to a rapid increase in primary particle size and result in poor cycling stability. Therefore, NMCT‐750, annealed at 750 °C, holds great potential as a cathode material for the next generation of LIBs.
Under the Influence of Water: Molecular Recognition of Organic Hydrophilic Molecules in Water with a Prismarene Host Driven by Hydration Effects
Authors: Del Regno Rocco , Della Sala Paolo , Santonoceta Giuseppina D. G. , Neri Placido , De Rosa Margherita , Talotta Carmen , Sgarlata Carmelo , De Simone Alfonso , Gaeta Carmine
Published: June 2024

A water‐soluble prism[5]arene host can form endo‐cavity complexes with hydrophilic organic substances in water by displacing frustrated water molecules from its deep cavity. Water molecules structured at both rims of the prismarene host can mediate hydrogen bonding interactions with the guest. Water‐mediated hydrogen bonding interactions were invoked here to elucidate the elevated binding affinities and selectivity of the prismarene host toward hydrophilic organic guests. We show that water at the interface of a host‐guest complex can act as an extension of the host structure, facilitating the accommodation of neutral guests within the binding site. This study highlights the crucial role of water in facilitating supramolecular interactions between a deep‐cavity prismarene host and organic hydrophilic guests in aqueous medium.
AACR 2024 presents advancements in pancreatic and gastric cancers
Authors: Nierengarten Mary Beth
Published: June 2024

This news section offers Cancer readers timely information on events, public policy analysis, topical issues, and personalities. In this issue, more promising evidence for the therapeutic potential of a neoantigen–based cancer vaccine used in the adjuvant setting is reported from the American Association for Cancer Research 2024 meeting. In addition, articles address a significant overall survival benefit with dostarlimab plus chemotherapy in advanced endometrial cancer, and a favorable overall survival trend with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for endometrial cancer.
Effect of External Electric Field on Nitrogen Activation on a Trimetal Cluster
Authors: Zhang Song‐Yang , Ding Xun‐Lei , Qu Sheng‐Ze
Published: June 2024

Efficient nitrogen (N2) fixation and activation under mild conditions are crucial for modern society. External electric fields (Felectric) can significantly affect N2 activation. In this work, the effect of Felectric on N2 activation by Nb3 clusters supported in a sumanene bowl was studied by density functional theory calculations. Four typical systems at different stages of N−N activation were studied, including two intermediates and two transition states. The impact of Felectric on various properties related to N2 activation was investigated, including the N−N bond length, overlap population density of states (OPDOS), total energy of the system, adsorption energy of N2, decomposition of energy changes, and electron transfer. The sumanene not only functions as a support and protective substrate, but also serves as a donor or acceptor under different Felectric conditions. Negative Felectric is beneficial to N−N bond activation because it promotes electron transfer to the N−N region and improves the d–π* orbital hybridization between metals and N2 in the activation process. Positive Felectric improves d–π* orbital hybridization only when the N−N is nearly dissociated. The microscopic mechanism of Felectric′s effects provides insight into N2 activation and theoretical guidance for the design of catalytic reaction conditions for nitrogen reduction reactions (NRR).
Validation of the Italian Version of the Telepresence in Videoconference Scale (TVS) in a Sample of Psychologists and Psychotherapists During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Cipolletta Sabrina , Tomaino Silvia Caterina Maria , Bouchard Stéphane , Berthiaume Maxine , Manzoni Gian Mauro
Published: June 2024

Objective

Telepresence may play a fundamental role in establishing authentic interactions and relationships in online psychological interventions and can be measured by the Telepresence in Videoconference Scale (TVS), which was validated only with patients to date. This post hoc study aimed to validate the Italian version of the TVS with mental health professionals.

Method

The Italian TVS was included in an online survey, whose primary aim was to assess the experiences of Italian psychologists and psychotherapists with online interventions during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic and was filled in by 296 participants (83.4% females, mean age = 42 years old).

Results

Exploratory factor analysis supported the original factor structure only partially because the scale ‘Absorption’ (i.e., the feeling of losing track of time), as it was formulated, did not measure telepresence. Correlations were also explored between the TVS scales and some survey items pertaining to intimacy and emotional closeness to patients, comfort and positive as well as negative experiences with online interventions.

Conclusion

The TVS may be a useful tool to measure physical and social telepresence in online interventions, both in patients and in professionals.
Bionic Capsule Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes for Efficiently Inhibiting Volume Expansion
Authors: Gao Zhenhai , Rao Shun , Wang Junjun , Wang Deping , Zhang Tianyao , Feng Xinbo , Liu Yuanhang , Shi Jiawei , Xue Yao , Li Weifeng , Wang Lili , Rong Changru , Chen Yupeng
Published: June 2024

Magnetite (Fe3O4) has a large theoretical reversible capacity and rich Earth abundance, making it a promising anode material for LIBs. However, it suffers from drastic volume changes during the lithiation process, which lead to poor cycle stability and low‐rate performance. Hence, there is an urgent need for a solution to address the issue of volume expansion. Taking inspiration from how glycophyte cells mitigate excessive water uptake/loss through their cell wall to preserve the structural integrity of cells, we designed Fe3O4@PMMA multi‐core capsules by microemulsion polymerization as a kind of anode materials, also proposed a new evaluation method for real‐time repair effect of the battery capacity. The Fe3O4@PMMA anode shows a high reversible specific capacity (858.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C after 300 cycles) and an excellent cycle stability (450.99 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C after 450 cycles). Furthermore, the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Fe3O4@PMMA pouch cells exhibit a stable capacity (200.6 mAh) and high‐capacity retention rate (95.5 %) after 450 cycles at 0.5 C. Compared to the original battery, the capacity repair rate of this battery is as high as 93.4 %. This kind of bionic capsules provide an innovative solution for improving the electrochemical performance of Fe3O4 anodes to promote their industrial applications.
Dupilumab improves outcomes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps irrespective of gender: results from the SINUS‐52 trial
Authors: Fokkens Wytske J , Bachert Claus , Hopkins Claire , Marglani Osama , Praestgaard Amy , Nash Scott , Deniz Yamo , Rowe Paul J , Sacks Harry , Jacob‐Nara Juby A
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This post hoc analysis assessed disease characteristics and response to dupilumab treatment in male and female patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) (SINUS‐52 study; NCT02898454).

Methods

Patients received dupilumab 300 mg or placebo every 2 weeks for 52 weeks on background intranasal corticosteroids. Efficacy was assessed through Week 52 using nasal polyp score (NPS), nasal congestion/obstruction score, loss of smell score and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test score. Disease‐specific health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22).

Results

The analysis included 192 male and 111 female patients. Female patients had higher mean SNOT‐22 total score (56.6 vs. 49.1, P < 0.01) and more coexisting asthma (78.4% vs. 46.4%, P < 0.0001) and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NSAID‐ERD) (38.7% vs. 18.8%, P = 0.0001) than male patients, but other baseline characteristics were similar. Dupilumab significantly improved CRSwNP outcomes vs. placebo at Week 52, regardless of gender: least squares mean differences (95% confidence interval) for NPS were −2.33 (−2.80, −1.86) in male and −2.54 (−3.18, −1.90) in female patients (both P < 0.0001 vs. placebo), and for SNOT‐22 were −19.2 (−24.1, −14.2) in male and −24.4 (−31.5, −17.3) in female patients (both P < 0.0001 vs. placebo). There were no significant efficacy‐by‐gender interactions.

Conclusion

Female patients had greater asthma, NSAID‐ERD and HRQoL burden at baseline than male patients. Dupilumab treatment significantly improved objective and subjective outcomes compared with placebo, irrespective of gender.