bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare variants analyses suggest novel cleft genes in the African population
Authors: Alade Azeez , Mossey Peter , Awotoye Waheed , Busch Tamara , Oladayo Abimbola M. , Aladenika Emmanuel , Olujitan Mojisola , Wentworth Emma , Anand Deepti , Naicker Thirona , Gowans Lord J. J. , Eshete Mekonen A. , Adeyemo Wasiu L. , Zeng Erliang , Van Otterloo Eric , O’Rorke Michael , Adeyemo Adebowale , Murray Jeffrey C. , Cotney Justin , Lachke Salil A. , Romitti Paul , Butali Azeez
Published: June 2024

Non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) are common birth defects with a complex etiology. While over 60 common risk loci have been identified, they explain only a small proportion of the heritability for NSOFCs. Rare variants have been implicated in the missing heritability. Thus, our study aimed to identify genes enriched with nonsynonymous rare coding variants associated with NSOFCs. Our sample included 814 non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL/P), 205 non-syndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO), and 2150 unrelated control children from Nigeria, Ghana, and Ethiopia. We conducted a gene-based analysis separately for each phenotype using three rare-variants collapsing models: (1) protein-altering (PA), (2) missense variants only (MO); and (3) loss of function variants only (LOFO). Subsequently, we utilized relevant transcriptomics data to evaluate associated gene expression and examined their mutation constraint using the gnomeAD database. In total, 13 genes showed suggestive associations (p = E−04). Among them, eight genes (ABCB1, ALKBH8, CENPF, CSAD, EXPH5, PDZD8, SLC16A9, and TTC28) were consistently expressed in relevant mouse and human craniofacial tissues during the formation of the face, and three genes (ABCB1, TTC28, and PDZD8) showed statistically significant mutation constraint. These findings underscore the role of rare variants in identifying candidate genes for NSOFCs.
Explainable prediction model for the human papillomavirus status in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma using CNN on CT images
Authors: Fanizzi Annarita , Comes Maria Colomba , Bove Samantha , Cavalera Elisa , de Franco Paola , Di Rito Alessia , Errico Angelo , Lioce Marco , Pati Francesca , Portaluri Maurizio , Saponaro Concetta , Scognamillo Giovanni , Troiano Ippolito , Troiano Michele , Zito Francesco Alfredo , Massafra Raffaella
Published: June 2024

Several studies have emphasised how positive and negative human papillomavirus (HPV+  and HPV−, respectively) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has distinct molecular profiles, tumor characteristics, and disease outcomes. Different radiomics-based prediction models have been proposed, by also using innovative techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Although some of these models reached encouraging predictive performances, there evidence explaining the role of radiomic features in achieving a specific outcome is scarce. In this paper, we propose some preliminary results related to an explainable CNN-based model to predict HPV status in OPSCC patients. We extracted the Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) of pre-treatment CT images related to 499 patients (356 HPV+ and 143 HPV−) included into the OPC-Radiomics public dataset to train an end-to-end Inception-V3 CNN architecture. We also collected a multicentric dataset consisting of 92 patients (43 HPV+ , 49 HPV−), which was employed as an independent test set. Finally, we applied Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) technique to highlight the most informative areas with respect to the predicted outcome. The proposed model reached an AUC value of 73.50% on the independent test. As a result of the Grad-CAM algorithm, the most informative areas related to the correctly classified HPV+ patients were located into the intratumoral area. Conversely, the most important areas referred to the tumor edges. Finally, since the proposed model provided additional information with respect to the accuracy of the classification given by the visualization of the areas of greatest interest for predictive purposes for each case examined, it could contribute to increase confidence in using computer-based predictive models in the actual clinical practice.
Development of an effective predictive screening tool for prostate cancer using the ClarityDX machine learning platform
Authors: Hyndman M. Eric , Paproski Robert J. , Kinnaird Adam , Fairey Adrian , Marks Leonard , Pavlovich Christian P. , Fletcher Sean A. , Zachoval Roman , Adamcova Vanda , Stejskal Jiri , Aprikian Armen , Wallis Christopher J. D. , Pink Desmond , Vasquez Catalina , Beatty Perrin H. , Lewis John D.
Published: June 2024

The current prostate cancer (PCa) screen test, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), has a high sensitivity for PCa but low specificity for high-risk, clinically significant PCa (csPCa), resulting in overdiagnosis and overtreatment of non-csPCa. Early identification of csPCa while avoiding unnecessary biopsies in men with non-csPCa is challenging. We built an optimized machine learning platform (ClarityDX) and showed its utility in generating models predicting csPCa. Integrating the ClarityDX platform with blood-based biomarkers for clinically significant PCa and clinical biomarker data from a 3448-patient cohort, we developed a test to stratify patients’ risk of csPCa; called ClarityDX Prostate. When predicting high risk cancer in the validation cohort, ClarityDX Prostate showed 95% sensitivity, 35% specificity, 54% positive predictive value, and 91% negative predictive value, at a ≥ 25% threshold. Using ClarityDX Prostate at this threshold could avoid up to 35% of unnecessary prostate biopsies. ClarityDX Prostate showed higher accuracy for predicting the risk of csPCa than PSA alone and the tested model-based risk calculators. Using this test as a reflex test in men with elevated PSA levels may help patients and their healthcare providers decide if a prostate biopsy is necessary.
Pesticide luminescent detection and degradation using NU-1000 MOF
Authors: Gabriel Fatine , Roussey Arthur , Nobre Sonia Sousa , Carella Alexandre
Published: June 2024

NU-1000 can be used to adsorb and rapidly hydrolyse paraoxon-methyl to non-toxic compounds. This study further reveals that luminescence can be used to reveal paraoxon-methyl degradation.
Towards efficient Ir(iii) anticancer photodynamic therapy agents by extending π-conjugation on N^N ligands
Authors: Sanz-Villafruela Juan , Bermejo-Casadesús Cristina , Martínez-Alonso Marta , Moro Artur , Lima João C. , Massaguer Anna , Espino Gustavo
Published: June 2024

By extending π-conjugation on the N^N ligand, we have found an efficient Ir(iii) photosensitizer for anticancer PDT, which shows a long-lived excited state, excellent 1O2 production and mitochondrial membrane depolarization activity.
A cobalt(ii) coordination polymer-derived catalyst engineered via temperature-induced semi-reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) dehydration for efficient liquid-phase epoxidation of olefins
Authors: Hulushe Siya T. , Watkins Gareth M. , Khanye Setshaba D.
Published: June 2024

Temperature-induced SCSC dehydration-rehydration processes between two 3D hybrid networks via solid phase intermediate transition were performed, with the new hydrated phase exhibiting superior catalytic performance in the epoxidation of olefins.
The synergistic interplay of hierarchy, crystal size, and Ga-promotion in the methanol-to-aromatics process over ZSM-5 zeolites
Authors: Liu Kun , Shoinkhorova Tuiana , You Xinyu , Gong Xuan , Zhang Xin , Chung Sang-Ho , Ruiz-Martínez Javier , Gascon Jorge , Dutta Chowdhury Abhishek
Published: June 2024

The efficacy of the methanol-to-aromatics process over ZSM-5 was evaluated considering factors such as hierarchy, particle size, and bifunctionality.
Synbiotic therapy with Clostridium sporogenes and xylan promotes gut-derived indole-3-propionic acid and improves cognitive impairments in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model
Authors: Li Ling , Yang Cong , Jia Mengzhen , Wang Yuhao , Zhao Yu , Li Qingyuan , Gong Jun , He Ying , Xu Kun , Liu Xuebo , Chen Xuhui , Hu Jun , Liu Zhigang
Published: June 2024

Targeted synbiotic therapy mitigates cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease, emphasizing its potential for addressing neurodegenerative diseases.
Thermochemical production of ammonia via a two-step metal nitride cycle – materials screening and the strontium-based system
Authors: Notter Daniel , Elias Abi-Ramia Silva Tiago , Gálvez María Elena , Bulfin Brendan , Steinfeld Aldo
Published: June 2024

Combined theoretical and experimental screening of metal nitrides for the thermochemical production of ammonia without added catalyst.
A self-organized sandwich structure of chromium nitride for ultra-long lifetime in liquid sodium
Authors: Lou Ming , Chen Ran , Xu Kai , Pu Jibin , Chang Keke
Published: June 2024

A novel interface-engineering strategy consisting of the subtle control of the phase transition direction and interface diffusion reaction was proposed, successfully realizing self-organized surfaces and interfaces for use in harsh environments.
Efficient CO2 electroreduction to ethanol enabled by tip-curvature-induced local electric fields
Authors: Zhou Jing , Liang Qianyue , Huang Pu , Xu Jing , Niu Tengfei , Wang Yao , Dong Yuming , Zhang Jiawei
Published: June 2024

A CuO nanoflower catalyst with tip curvature exhibited remarkable performance toward CO2 to ethanol conversion. The exceptional ethanol selectivity was attributed to the enhanced *OH adsorption due to the tip-curvature-induced local electric fields.
Visible light driven photoredox/nickel-catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of Z- or E-vinyl thioethers from thiosilane and terminal alkynes
Authors: Liu Hongqiang , Li Wenjing , Xu Xia , Yang Meiding , Han Deman , Yang Xiujuan
Published: June 2024

A new method for the synthesis of anti-Markovnikov Z- or E-vinyl thioethers from thiosilane and terminal alkynes under visible-light-induced photoredox/nickel dual catalysis conditions is described.
A synthetically useful catalytic system for aliphatic C–H oxidation with a nonheme cobalt complex and m-CPBA
Authors: Wen Xiang , Ma Yidong , Chen Jie , Wang Bin
Published: June 2024

Biologically inspired C–H oxidation catalysis with a mononuclear nonheme cobalt(ii) complex and m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) via a putative cobalt–oxygen species.
A dual approach to cancer treatment: gold(i) terpyridine derivatives as DNA binders and inhibitors of mammalian thioredoxin reductase
Authors: Gil-Moles María , Olmos M. Elena , López-de-Luzuriaga José M. , Ott Ingo , Concepción Gimeno M.
Published: June 2024

Gold(i) terpyridine derivatives exhibiting exceptional cytotoxic activity against critical cancer types are elucidated. Significantly, these compounds demonstrate dual functionality by interacting with DNA and inhibiting TrxR.
Metal-free corrole-based donor–acceptor porous organic polymers as efficient bifunctional catalysts for hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Bai Jie , Li Ruichen , Huang Jiancheng , Shang Xuefang , Wang Ge , Chao Shujun
Published: June 2024

Metal-free corrole-based donor–acceptor porous organic polymers (Cor-D–A-POPs) are constructed and are active for the HER/ORR. By tuning the electron donor and mixed solvent, Cor-BTDA-D–A-POP-1 shows the best activity among all constructed catalysts.
Recent advancements in graphitic carbon nitride based direct Z- and S-scheme heterostructures for photocatalytic H2O2 production
Authors: Sahoo Subrat Kumar , Acharya Lopamudra , Biswal Lijarani , Priyadarshini Priyanka , Parida Kulamani
Published: June 2024

This review summarizes advancements in g-C3N4-based direct Z and S-scheme heterostructures for solar H2O2 synthesis, exploring advanced characterization methods to verify the charge transfer mechanism.
Two rhenium compounds with benzimidazole ligands: synthesis and DNA interactions
Authors: Shtemenko Nataliia , Galiana-Rosello Cristina , Gil-Martínez Ariadna , Blasco Salvador , Gonzalez-García Jorge , Velichko Helen , Holichenko Oleksandr , Shtemenko Olexandr , García-España Enrique
Published: June 2024

Two rhenium compounds with benzimidazole showed strong emission, selectively stabilized G4-quadruplexes, accumulated in cancer cells and influenced on their morphology. In silico approach was used to show the possible binding activity.
Impact of NH4OH treatment on the ion exchange and pore characteristics of a metakaolin-based geopolymer
Authors: Li Jing , Mailhiot Sarah , Alzeer Mohammad I. M. , Luukkonen Tero , Kantola Anu M. , Telkki Ville-Veikko , Kinnunen Paivo
Published: June 2024

The viability and influence of NH4OH post-synthetic treatment on a metakaolin-based geopolymer were investigated.
Electroreductive deuteroarylation of alkenes enabled by an organo-mediator
Authors: Li Xinling , Zhou Jianfeng , Deng Weijie , Wang Ziliang , Wen Yating , Li Zhenjie , Qiu Youai , Huang Yubing
Published: June 2024

An environmentally friendly electroreduction approach is disclosed for site-specific introduction of deuterium via anti-Markovnikov selective deuteroarylation of alkenes and aryl iodides with bipyridine as a mediator and D2O as a ‘D’ source.
Rational design of a g-C3N4/Bi2S3/ZnS ternary heterojunction photoanode for improved solar water splitting
Authors: Joseph Merin , Meena Bhagatram , Joy Rosmy , Joseph Sneha , Sethi Rajesh Kumar , Remello Sebastian Nybin , Haridas Suja , Subrahmanyam Challapalli
Published: June 2024

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an immensely effective method for producing hydrogen.
Aluminium doping in single-crystal nickel-rich cathodes: insights into electrochemical degradation and enhancement
Authors: Yang Chenxing , Li Yongjian , Su Wen , Zhu Xinyu , Hao Luqi , Wang Xinyu , Wu Shaobo , Chen Lai , Cao Duanyun , Su Yuefeng , Li Ning , Wu Feng
Published: June 2024

Al doped single-crystal nickel-rich NCMA cathode materials are considered one of the most promising candidates for automobile Li-ion batteries due to their high compacted density and superior cycling stability.
Boosting interfacial bonding between FeOOH catalysts and Fe2O3 photoanodes toward efficient water oxidation
Authors: Feng Chenchen , Bi Yushui , Zhan Faqi , Bi Yingpu
Published: June 2024

A facile and feasible strategy for forming strong interfacial bonding between FeOOH catalysts and Fe2O3 photoanodes through an oxygen vacancy self-healing process, which exhibited a remarkable improvement in PEC water oxidation activity.
Functionalized jute with high-water absorption, low thermal conductivity and efficient radiative cooling for the preservation of perishable green vegetables with reduced cold storage energy requirements
Authors: Bhatt Smruti B. , Ranjan Rahul , Dahiya Sandeep , Pal Bhola Nath , Dhar Prodyut
Published: June 2024

Phosphorylated jute with high-water absorption, low thermal conductivity and efficient radiative cooling is developed for the preservation of perishable food, reducing cold storage energy requirements.
Photoelectrochemical water splitting by hematite boosted in a heterojunction with B-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Khan Irfan , Benkó Tímea , Horváth Anita , Shen Shaohua , Su Jinzhan , Wang Yiqing , Horváth Zsolt E. , Németh Miklós , Czigány Zsolt , Zámbó Dániel , Pap József Sándor
Published: June 2024

Enhanced PEC water splitting with an α-Fe2O3/B-C3N4 type II heterojunction. Use of pyrolytic (p-)CNT to improve photoanodic current density. Improved electrical conductivity for facile charge separation & transfer. DFT hints at a Z-scheme mechanism.
Facile and scalable fabrication of flexible micro-supercapacitor with high volumetric performance based on ultrathin Co(OH)2 nanosheets
Authors: Jagdale Pallavi Bhaktapralhad , Patil Sayali Ashok , Pathak Mansi , Bhol Prangya , Sfeir Amanda , Royer Sébastien , Samal Akshaya Kumar , Rout Chandra Sekhar , Saxena Manav
Published: June 2024

Flexible and in-plane micro-supercapacitor with high volumetric capacitance based on ultrathin Co(OH)2 nanosheets.
Clearly fluorescent delineating ER+ breast tumor incisal edge and identifying tiny metastatic tumor foci at high resolution
Authors: Li Changle , Zhang Changyu , Liu Wenkai , Liu Jia , Ma Wanying , Lv Chengyuan , Xia Zhuoran , Chen Yingchao , Gu Hua , Sun Wen , Du Jianjun , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun
Published: June 2024

A turn-on estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) NIR fluorescent probe NB-TAM was prepared and successfully applied to clearly delineate the ER+ breast tumor incisal margin and identify very tiny metastatic tumor foci at high resolution.
Tuneable redox-responsive albumin-hitchhiking drug delivery to tumours for cancer treatment
Authors: Fu Shiwei , Zheng Ajay , Wang Lukun , Chen Jiuyan , Zhao Bowen , Zhang Xiao , McKenzie Victoria A. A. , Yang Zixin , Leblanc Roger M. , Prabhakar Rajeev , Zhang Fuwu
Published: June 2024

A novel drug delivery system hitchhiking albumin as a drug carrier with tuneable redox-responsive drug release.
Sprayable, thermosensitive hydrogels for promoting wound healing based on hollow, porous and pH-sensitive ZnO microspheres
Authors: Zhang Wei , Jing Hongshu , Niu Qiang , Wu Zhihua , Sun Ying , Duan Yourong , Wang Xianwen
Published: June 2024

Based on the antibacterial effects and adsorption of the porous ZnO microspheres, a thermosensitive hydrogel dressing containing CNPs and ZnO@CNPs was designed for wound healing applications.
Additive engineering for high-performance polythiophene gas sensors incorporating functional amine additive with strong binding energy for NO2
Authors: Park So Jeong , Kim Ju Young , Kim Dae Hwan , Jang Duho , Park Yeong Don
Published: June 2024

The performance of a gas sensor was improved by incorporating organic additives with various amine functional groups into the P3HT active layer due to the strong binding energy between the amine functional groups and the target gas.
Multi-wavelength excitation-dependent fluorescence with dynamic color gradients for information encryption and anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Wu Youfusheng , Chen Xiao , Gong Ziyi , Tian Bin , Xue Enbo , Zheng Ke , Liang Jing , Wu Wei
Published: June 2024

The unprecedented security labels have multi-excitation wavelength triggered triple-mode polychromatic and dynamic color-gradient features, offering a new development direction for future information encryption and anti-counterfeiting technologies.
Prediction of metastable energy level distribution of D3+ (D = Cr and Fe) doped phosphors based on machine learning
Authors: Li Jun , Sun Junkang , Wang Yixiao , Wang Xiangfu
Published: June 2024

This paper employs regression models based on machine learning to propose a method for predicting the energy level distribution rules of Cr3+ and Fe3+ in various doped crystals.
The Emergence and Development of Palestinian Arabic Lexicon and Morphosyntax From 18 to 36 Months: A Communicative Development Inventory Study
Authors: Hashoul-Essa Lina , Armon-Lotem Sharon
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

This study presents a comprehensive exploration of lexical and grammatical development in Palestinian Arabic (PA). The study aims to test the validity of the Palestinian Arabic Communicative Development Inventory (PA-CDI) as well as generate growth curves for lexical and morphosyntactic development, examine the order of emergence of both lexical and morphosyntactic categories, and explore the contribution of demographic and developmental factors to language development.

Method:

Data were collected from 1,399 parents of PA children aged 18–36 months using an online PA-CDI.

Results:

The results show that as age increased, so did lexical and morphosyntactic production, along with considerable variability across individuals. While lexical development in PA resembles the order observed in other languages with nouns preceding verbs and adjectives, morphosyntactic development indicates early emergence of verbal inflectional morphology prior to noun pluralization or negation. Age of word combination and health problems are predictive of lexical and morphosyntactic development, and so are parental concerns.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate the potential of the PA-CDI as an assessment tool for lexical and morphosyntactic development among PA-speaking children in Israel. Our developmental growth curves may also be used to identify children at risk for developmental language disorder, particularly those falling below the 10th percentile, thus allowing for early identification and early intervention. The use of background variables, specifically parental concerns, health issues, and word combinations, along with the PA-CDI, could potentially enhance the precision of language delay assessment.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26026777
A Configurable Accelerator for CNN‐Based Remote Sensing Object Detection on FPGAs
Authors: Shao Yingzhao , Shang Jincheng , Li Yunsong , Ding Yueli , Zhang Mingming , Ren Ke , Liu Yang
Published: June 2024

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used in satellite remote sensing. However, satellites in orbit with limited resources and power consumption cannot meet the storage and computing power requirements of current million‐scale artificial intelligence models. This paper proposes a new generation of high flexibility and intelligent CNNs hardware accelerator for satellite remote sensing in order to make its computing carrier more lightweight and efficient. A data quantization scheme for INT16 or INT8 is designed based on the idea of dynamic fixed point numbers and is applied to different scenarios. The operation mode of the systolic array is divided into channel blocks, and the calculation method is optimized to increase the utilization of on‐chip computing resources and enhance the calculation efficiency. An RTL‐level CNNs field programable gate arrays accelerator with microinstruction sequence scheduling data flow is then designed. The hardware framework is built upon the Xilinx VC709. The results show that, under INT16 or INT8 precision, the system achieves remarkable throughput in most convolutional layers of the network, with an average performance of 153.14 giga operations per second (GOPS) or 301.52 GOPS, which is close to the system’s peak performance, taking full advantage of the platform’s parallel computing capabilities.
Evolving usability heuristics for visualising Augmented Reality/Mixed Reality applications using cognitive model of information processing and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process
Authors: Sumithra T. V. , Ragha Leena , Vaishya Arpit , Desai Rishi
Published: June 2024

The pace of technological advancement is accelerating, and one of the latest developments is the emergence of Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) glasses as an extension of smartphones. The key to success lies in innovative research and technology that can reach a wide audience. To ensure a positive user experience, AR/MR glasses must offer interfaces that are easy to use, memorable, and leave a lasting impression. While Nielsen's heuristics are widely accepted as the standard for usability, it is clear that non‐traditional applications require a rethinking of these heuristics to best suit their unique needs. A fresh usability heuristic for augmented and MR applications is designed by combining and modifying the existing models, such as Nielsen's 10 heuristics, Technology Acceptance Model, and Software Usability Measurement Inventory. The resulting framework incorporates 21 main heuristics and 60 sub heuristics. The 21 main heuristics are further grouped into the Norman's cognitive theory model based on the three levels of processing. The industry experts evaluated and validated the usability framework and established a higher level of effectiveness in identifying more usability problems compared with Nielsen's heuristics.
Standardizing the gamma-ray burst as a standard candle and applying it to cosmological probes: Constraints on the two-component dark energy model
Authors: Li Jia-Lun , Yang Yu-Peng , Yi Shuang-Xi , Hu Jian-Ping , Qu Yan-Kun , Wang Fa-Yin
Published: June 2024

As one of the most energetic and brightest events, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been used as a standard candle for cosmological probes. Based on the relevant features of the GRB light curve, namely a plateau phase followed a decay phase, we obtain X-ray samples of 31 GRBs and optical samples of 50 GRBs, which are thought to be caused by the same physical mechanism. We standardize GRBs using the two-dimension fundamental plane relation of the rest-frame luminosity of the plateau emission (Lb, z) and the end time of plateau (Tb, z) Lb, z − Tb, z, as well as the three-dimensional fundamental plane correlation including the peak energy (Ep, i) Lb, z − Tb, z − Ep, i. For the cosmological probes, we consider the ωCDM model in which the dark energy consists of one component, and mainly focus on the X1X2CDM model in which the dark energy is made up of two independent components. We obtain constraints on the related parameters of the cosmological models using type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) data and selected X-ray and optical samples. For the X1X2CDM model, we find that the values of the equation-of-state parameters of two dark energies, ω1 and ω2, are very close. We also carry out a comparison between the models using the Bayesian information criterion, and find that the ωCDM model is favored.
Large-scale geometry and topology of gas fields: Effects of AGN and stellar feedback
Authors: Schimd Carlo , Kraljic Katarina , Davé Romeel , Pichon Christophe
Published: June 2024

Feedback from stars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) primarily affects the formation and evolution of galaxies and the circumgalactic medium, leaving some kind of imprint on larger scales. Based on the SIMBA hydrodynamical simulation suite and using the full set of Minkowski functionals (MFs), this study systematically analyses the time evolution of the global geometry and topology of the gas temperature, pressure, density (total, H I, and H2), and the metallicity fields between redshifts z = 5 and z = 0. The MFs show that small-scale astrophysical processes are persistent and manifest on larger, up to tens of Mpc scales, highlighting the specific morphological signatures of the relevant feedback mechanisms on these scales in the last ∼12 Gyr. In qualitative terms, we were able establish a ranking that varies according to the field considered: stellar feedback mostly determines the morphology of the pressure and density fields and AGN jets are the primary origin of the morphology of the temperature and metallicity fields, while X-ray heating and AGN winds play the second most important role in shaping the geometry and topology of all the gaseous fields, except metallicity. Hence, the cosmic evolution of the geometry and topology of fields characterising the thermodynamical and chemical properties of the cosmic web offers complementary, larger scale constraints to galaxy formation models.
JWST MIRI flight performance: Imaging
Authors: Dicken Dan , Marín Macarena García , Shivaei Irene , Guillard Pierre , Libralato Mattia , Glasse Alistair , Gordon Karl D. , Cossou Christophe , Kavanagh Patrick , Temim Tea , Flagey Nicolas , Klaassen Pamela , Rieke George H. , Wright Gillian , Alberts Stacey , Azzollini Ruyman , Álvarez-Márquez Javier , Bouchet Patrice , Bright Stacey , Cracraft Misty , Coulais Alain , Detre Ors Hunor , Engesser Mike , Fox Ori D. , Gaspar Andras , Gastaud René , Glauser Adrian M. , Hines Dean C. , Kendrew Sarah , Labiano Alvaro , Lagage Pierre-Oliver , Lee David , Law David R. , Morrison Jane E. , Noriega-Crespo Alberto , Jones Olivia , Patapis Polychronis , Scheithauer Silvia , Sloan G. C. , Tamas Laszlo
Published: June 2024

The Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) aboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) provides the observatory with a huge advance in mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopy covering the wavelength range of 5–28 µm. This paper describes the performance and characteristics of the MIRI imager as understood during observatory commissioning activities, and through its first year of science operations. We discuss the measurements and results of the imager’s point spread function, flux calibration, background, distortion and flat fields as well as results pertaining to best observing practices for MIRI imaging, and discuss known imaging artefacts that may be seen during or after data processing. Overall, we show that the MIRI imager has met or exceeded all its pre-flight requirements, and we expect it to make a significant contribution to mid-infrared science for the astronomy community for years to come.
HYACINTH: HYdrogen And Carbon chemistry in the INTerstellar medium in Hydro simulations
Authors: Khatri Prachi , Porciani Cristiano , Romano-Díaz Emilio , Seifried Daniel , Schäbe Alexander
Published: June 2024

Aims. We present a new sub-grid model, HYACINTH – HYdrogen And Carbon chemistry in the INTerstellar medium in Hydro simulations – for computing the non-equilibrium abundances of H2 and its carbon-based tracers, namely CO, C, and C+, in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation.

Methods. The model accounts for the unresolved density structure in simulations using a variable probability distribution function of sub-grid densities and a temperature-density relation. Included is a simplified chemical network that has been tailored for hydrogen and carbon chemistry within molecular clouds and easily integrated into large-scale simulations with minimal computational overhead. As an example, we applied HYACINTH to a simulated galaxy at redshift z ~ 2.5 in post-processing and compared the resulting abundances with observations.

Results. The chemical predictions from HYACINTH are in reasonable agreement with high-resolution molecular-cloud simulations at different metallicities. By post-processing a galaxy simulation with HYACINTH, we reproduced the H I − H2 transition as a function of the hydrogen column density NH for both Milky-Way-like and Large-Magellanic-Cloud-like conditions. We also matched the NCO versus NH2 relation inferred from absorption measurements towards Milky-Way molecular clouds, although most of our post-processed regions occupy the same region as (optically) dark molecular clouds in the NCO – NH2 plane. Column density maps reveal that CO is concentrated in the peaks of the H2 distribution, while atomic carbon more broadly traces the bulk of H2 in our post-processed galaxy. Based on both the column density maps and the surface density profiles oŕ the different gas species in the post-processed galaxy, we find that C+ maintains a substantially high surŕace density out to ~10 kpc as opposed to other components that exhibit a higher central concentration. This is similar to the extended [C II] emission ŕound in some recent observations at high redshifts.
The largest metallicity difference in twin systems: High-precision abundance analysis of the benchmark pair Krios and Kronos
Authors: Miquelarena P. , Saffe C. , Flores M. , Petrucci R. , Yana Galarza J. , Alacoria J. , Jaque Arancibia M. , Jofré E. , Montenegro Armijo K. , Gunella F.
Published: June 2024

Aims. We conducted a high-precision differential abundance analysis of the remarkable binary system HD 240429/30 (Krios and Kronos, respectively), whose difference in metallicity is one of the highest detected to date in systems with similar components (~0.20 dex). A condensation temperature TC trend study was performed to search for possible chemical signatures of planet formation. In addition, other potential scenarios are proposed to explain this disparity.

Methods. Fundamental atmospheric parameters (Teff, log g, [Fe/H], υturb) were calculated using the latest version of the FUNDPAR code in conjunction with ATLAS12 model atmospheres and the MOOG code, considering the Sun and then Kronos as references, employing high-resolution MAROON-X spectra. We applied a full line-by-line differential technique to measure the abundances of 26 elements in both stars with equivalent widths and spectral synthesis taking advantage of the non-solar-scaled opacities to achieve the highest precision.

Results. We find a difference in metallicity of ~0.230 dex: Kronos is more metal rich than Krios. This result denotes a challenge for the chemical tagging method. The analysis encompassed the examination of the diffusion effect and primordial chemical differences, concluding that the observed chemical discrepancies in the binary system cannot be solely attributed to any of these processes. The results also show a noticeable excess of Li of approximately 0.56 dex in Kronos, and an enhancement of refractories with respect to Krios. A photometric study with TESS data was carried out, without finding any signal of possible transiting planets around the stars. Several potential planet formation scenarios were also explored to account for the observed excess in both metallicity and lithium in Kronos; none was definitively excluded. While planetary engulfment is a plausible explanation, considering the ingestion of an exceptionally high mass, approximately ~27.8 M⊕, no scenario is definitively ruled out. We emphasize the need for further investigations and refinements in modelling; indispensable for a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics within the Krios and Kronos binary system.
The “C”: The large Chameleon-Musca-Coalsack cloud
Authors: Edenhofer Gordian , Alves João , Zucker Catherine , Posch Laura , Enßlin Torsten A.
Published: June 2024

Recent advancements in 3D dust mapping have transformed our understanding of the Milky Way’s local interstellar medium, enabling us to explore its structure in three spatial dimensions for the first time. In this Letter, we use the most recent 3D dust map by Edenhofer et al. to study the well-known Chameleon, Musca, and Coalsack cloud complexes, located about 200 pc from the Sun. We find that these three complexes are not isolated but rather connect to form a surprisingly well-defined half-ring, constituting a single C-shaped cloud with a radius of about 50 pc, a thickness of about 45 pc, and a total mass of about 5 × 104 M⊙, or 9 × 104 M⊙ if including everything in the vicinity of the C-shaped cloud. Despite the absence of an evident feedback source at its center, the dynamics of young stellar clusters associated with the C structure suggest that a single supernova explosion about 4 Myr–10 Myr ago likely shaped this structure. Our findings support a single origin story for these cloud complexes, suggesting that they were formed by feedback-driven gas compression, and offer new insights into the processes that govern the birth of star-forming clouds in feedback-dominated regions, such as the Scorpius-Centaurus association.
Economic aspects of organic waste disposal in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Belgibayeva Anargul , Tumalavicius Vladas , Petrova Mariana , Akhmedyarov Yerbol
Published: June 2024

The study examines the impact of municipal solid waste on the environment and the volume of its formation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It has been established, that the main component of solid household waste is food (organic) waste, the disposal and processing of which is becoming a relevant and important direction for the development of the waste management industry in Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study was to identify, through a study of potential areas of application of organic waste, the most effective ways of using it, both from the point of view of environmental safety and from the point of view of economic efficiency. The main environmental problem is not only the increase of the amount of waste, but also the absence of its high-tech disposal and processing. In Kazakhstan, a significant part of organic waste as part of municipal solid waste continues to get to landfills, so the landfill is the most common method of waste disposal in the country. Today, there are various technologies for utilization and processing of the organic (food) fraction of municipal solid waste, including biogas production, combustion with energy recovery, composting and others. However, in order to establish a waste collection and recycling system in Kazakhstan, first of all, it is necessary to consider waste as a valuable secondary raw material. At the same time, separating food waste from the rest of the garbage will keep it dry and clean and increase the efficiency of sorting. It was found that recycling organic waste is effective not only from an environmental safety point of view, but also from an economic efficiency point of view.
Innovative support for sustainable development of the agricultural sector
Authors: Dimitrov Radi , Trunina Iryna , Druzhynina Viktoriia , Ismailov Taner , Bilyk Maryna
Published: June 2024

The study determines that in current conditions, innovation is a crucial tool in the competitive struggle that ensures stable and long-term development of the agro-industrial complex. Innovative organizations play a leading role in achieving the goals of the Green Deal. The study aims to establish the relationship between entrepreneurship and innovation in the agro-industrial complex and to substantiate the region's main vectors of sustainable development. Based on a sociological survey, the article monitors the entrepreneurial environment in rural areas of the Poltava region. The findings reveal that 24.4% of rural residents are inclined towards entrepreneurial activities in the agricultural sector (where rural residents would like to start their own business), 20.7% in trade, 14.3% in services, and 5.7% in the restaurant business. Forming a favourable business environment, including institutional, informational, scientific and educational components of infrastructure support, will facilitate the adaptation of business entities to organizational, economic and institutional changes.
Various aspects of the distribution and biology of turbot in the Black Sea
Authors: Rusenov Georgi
Published: June 2024

The present study aims to address various aspects of the biology and distribution of turbot based on isometric data from landings at authorized ports during the period 2017-2022. By synthesizing and analyzing data from turbot fishing, we gain insights into the species' history, distribution, and life cycle, which is crucial for science and beneficial for fisheries management. The study focuses on: distribution, length-weight relationship, and condition factor of turbot. Data were collected from authorized Bulgarian ports in the Black Sea during 2017- 2022. Samples were taken from 4719 fish. The average total length and weight of the fish were 52.63±6.12 cm and 2600±910 g, respectively. The length-weight relationships were determined using the following equations: 2017: W = 0.02L2.98, n = 566 (R2 = 0.88); 2018: W = 0.04L2.80, n = 783 (R2 = 0.85); 2019: W = 0.34L2.25, n = 713 (R2 = 0.71); 2020: W = 0.02L2.90, n = 926, (R2 = 0.89); 2021: W = 0.02L2.93, n = 928, (R2 =0.88); 2022: W = 0.002L3.55, n = 803, (R2 =0.86); 2017-2022: W = 0.05L2.76, n= 4 719, (R2 =0.74). The reproductive period of turbot in the Black Sea is between April and June. The condition factor during the period 2017-2022 varied as follows: 1.74, 1.86, 1.75, 1.74, 1.74, 1.91. The overall average value of the Fulton’s condition factor during the study years was above one, indicating the good status of the turbot population (Psetta maxima) in the Bulgarian waters of the Black Sea.
Immunohistochemical studies of the uterine wall in bitches with different states of the reproductive system
Authors: Broshkov Mykhailo , Kyrychenko Veronika , Martynova Olena , Kusturov Volodymyr , Naida Vasyl
Published: June 2024

Dysfunctions of the reproductive system in bitches are a severe problem. Studies were conducted to understand the main differences in the receptor activity of immunocompetent cells in the different conditions of the reproductive system to determine the functional activity of lymphocyte and progesterone surface receptors. Three groups of breeding bitches (a total of 15 animals) were developed to analyze the immunohistochemistry characteristics of the uterus. The immunohistochemical method was used to type cells using monoclonal antibodies. Uterine tissue samples from all groups showed variable amounts of cytotoxic lymphocytes (those with CD8 receptors). Nonetheless, isolated cells were discovered strewn across the stroma in groups 2 and 3. In the anaesthetic group, cytotoxic lymphocytes were scattered in the functional layer of the mucosa in the part closer to the uterine lumen, and lymphocytes were located singly in the stroma around the excretory parts of the glands and among the epitheliocytes. The study of the activity and topography of progesterone receptors in the uterine structures of the studied animals showed that the glandular epithelium of all the groups had extremely low progesterone cell reactivity. All of the examined samples showed a clear positive response (progesterone receptors) in the endothelium of the endometrial capillaries. The established peculiarity of progesterone receptor distribution in different structures of the uterus depending on the functional state of the reproductive system confirms the significant role of progesterone in the genesis of dysfunctions and is likely to be a sensitizing factor.
Investment trends in the development of the agricultural economy sector
Authors: Davydenko Nadiia , Titenko Zoia , Koval Viktor , Skrypnyk Halyna
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to determine the development of investment trends in agricultural enterprises, assess the impact of external and internal factors on their activation, and justify the direction of increasing investment in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. It was established that the volume of investments in 2022 decreased compared to 2021 by 30%. As for the share of agricultural sector investments, the total amount was 12.11 % in Ukraine. The results of the study are that the investment trends of agricultural enterprises were analysed, and the factors that directly affect the amount of investment resources that are attracted to the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine were determined and evaluated. The increase of investment resources in agriculture has proven to depend on active measures to ensure business efficiency. Finding mechanisms for increasing the volume of investment resources will contribute to developing business processes at the sectoral and regional levels and strengthen their financial security. Indeed, agricultural enterprises that quickly provide a return on invested capital with the most significant profits are more attractive to investors. Considering this, the more promising thing for the Ukrainian economy is not the production of agricultural products but their processing.
Deposition time dependent physical properties of semiconductor CuO sprayed thin films as solar absorber
Authors: Darenfad Warda , Guermat Noubeil , Mirouh Kamel
Published: June 2024

This study aims to develop copper oxide (CuO) films on standard glass substrates using the spray pyrolysis technique and investigate the effect of different deposition times on their structural, morphological, wettability, optical, and electrical properties to enhance their optoelectronic characteristics. CuO thin films were fabricated at different deposition times (5 to 20 min) with a substrate temperature of 400 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of all deposited CuO films, showing a monoclinic phase with preferential orientation along the (111) direction, indicating a well-ordered atomic arrangement. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) examination revealed the influence of deposition time on the surface morphology, with a low roughness value of 13.315 nm observed for the 10 min film compared to 19.432 nm for the 20 min film. Contact angle (CA) analysis showed a transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic behavior as the deposition time increased, indicating significant changes in surface properties. This transition to a hydrophobic nature (CA = 105°) for the 20 min sample is important for protecting photovoltaic devices from humidity-related degradation, ensuring long-term reliable operation even in challenging conditions. The transmittance of the film in the visible region was low, indicating high absorbance of CuO. The optical gap decreased from 1.98 to 1.61 eV with increasing deposition time, making films suitable as absorber layers in solar cells. Electrical analysis showed improved conductivity with increasing deposition time, leading to a decrease in electrical resistivity (3.77 Ω.cm) and high charge density (1.269 × 1016 cm−3) for the 20 min film. Therefore, the 20 min deposition film with a hydrophobic character exhibited good p-type electrical semiconductor properties and efficient absorption of solar light, making it promising for thin film solar cell applications.
Versorgung polytraumatisierter Patienten aus pflegerischer Sicht
Authors: Fischer Stephan , Eckertz Julian , Wilhelm Judith
Published: June 2024

Um polytraumatisierte Patienten adäquat zu versorgen, müssen Anästhesie-Pflege/ATA und OP-Pflege/OTA interdisziplinär zusammenarbeiten. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels aus der BG Unfallklinik Murnau wird exemplarisch dargestellt, wie die medizinisch-pflegerische Versorgung abläuft und welche Schlüsselrolle die Kommunikation dabei einnimmt.
Gigantic Macromastia: Modified Superomedial Pedicle is a Good Solution
Authors: Kanjoor James Roy , Jain Aakansh , Pakkiri Sathya
Published: June 2024

Background Reduction of very huge breast—gigantic macromastia—is a challenge to breast surgeons in choosing the right procedure to obtain an optimal outcome. The feasibility of a superomedial pedicle (SMP) with some modifications proves to be a good option to achieve a viable nipple areolar complex (NAC) with good size and shape after good resection above 800 g.

Materials and Methods Out of the 35 patients with 70 breast reductions, 15 can be considered gigantic macromastia with reductions above 800 g. A retrospective analysis of 30 breast reductions in these 15 patients from 2010 to 2023 was done. All cases were done using SMP with some modifications. The sternal notch to the nipple, the new NAC site, pedicle length, resection weight, and complications were analyzed. The modifications followed were lowering the new NAC, narrowing the distance between medial and lateral pillar width, medializing the pedicle, and lengthening the vertical limb.

Results There was no total necrosis of the NAC. Partial necrosis occurred in three patients that were managed conservatively and one case of fat necrosis needed debridement. All of them had a good size, shape, and form.

Conclusion SMP is a versatile technique with flexibility to modify the dimensions to get a robust blood supply to the NAC, after obtaining an adequate resection.
Chinese State Capital as a Partner for Resource-Based Structural Transformation? The Belt and Road Initiative and Downstream Linkages in Bolivia and Kazakhstan
Authors: Jepson Nicholas , Baldakova Oyuna
Published: June 2024

Lee argues that outbound Chinese state capital (CSC) is distinct from global private capital in terms of a greater willingness to accommodate recipient country priorities. This article uses the cases of Kazakhstan and Bolivia to explore this claim in relation to state-led efforts to foster structural transformation via upgrading in extractive industries (lithium and iron/steel in Bolivia, and petrochemicals in Kazakhstan). We focus particularly on attempts to move into domestic downstream processing. The article explores variation in the degree of accommodation with local demands on the part of CSC and proposes an explanatory framework for these differences, grounded in three axes. These are (i) mix of BRI drivers motivating a particular project from the Chinese side (export of industrial surplus, political relations with partner states and/or concern for resource security); (ii) nature of state-capital investment partnership (the mix of Chinese institutions and firms involved in negotiating and implementing the deal, as well as the time horizon implied by contract type); and (iii) a range of local contextual factors such as availability of alternative sources of capital, host state industrial capacities and local political conditions. Further research will be needed to refine and test this framework across other sectors and developmental goals beyond upgrading in extractives.