bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of prior knowledge about treatment on cephalometric measurements
Authors: Prasad Sabarinath , Denotti Gloria , Farella Mauro
Published: April 2022

Objective:

We hypothesised that prior knowledge of details for a growth modification treatment influences cephalometric measurements and results in a detectable bias.

Design:

Observational study.

Setting:

University teaching facility.

Methods:

Six orthodontic residents assessed 48 lateral cephalograms taken before and after functional appliance treatment from 24 patients. The residents assessed six cephalometric measurements, (Cd-Pog, Cd-Me, Ar-Pog, Ar-Me, Go-Me, SNB) over three separate sessions, in either a random concealed order or as matched pairs with information about treatment and time disclosed.

Results:

When information was disclosed, five out of the six cephalometric measurements were significantly higher that the corresponding cephalometric measurements taken randomly with undisclosed information. The bias was in the range of 1.6–3.2 mm for linear measurements and was 1.1° for SNB.

Conclusion:

Disclosing treatment information does introduce systematic errors in cephalometric measurements. Cephalometric analysis in orthodontic clinical research should be carried out by assessors who are blinded to treatment details, to minimise risk of bias.
Optimal combustion calibration for direct-injection compression-ignition engines using multiple injections
Authors: Moretto Giordano , Hänggi Severin , Onder Christopher
Published: April 2022

Multiple injections are widely used for direct-injection compression-ignition engines to mainly increase efficiency, lower pollutant emissions, and increase exhaust enthalpy. However, with each additional injection the degrees of freedom increase, which makes finding an optimal injection input by design of experiments a time-consuming task. In this paper, we present a model-based calibration method that determines the number of injections for a predefined set of requirements. First, we derive a zero-dimensional crank-angle-resolved cylinder process model based on first principles. The model includes a fuel injector and requires a low calibration effort. Second, we use this model in an optimal control problem that minimizes the fuel consumption subject to several constraints such as load, maximal pressure, maximal pressure gradient, engine-out temperature, and the limitations of the fuel injector. The optimal injector inputs are used as feedforward control signals on a real engine to validate the simulative results. In general, the experimental results are in good agreement with those obtained in simulations. Finally, we compare our approach to a state-of-the-art method known as pressure reference tracking which consists of two separate steps: the creation of an optimal pressure reference and the tracking by a discrete injector. We show that our method, which combines these two steps in a single optimization problem, results in an increase in indicated efficiency compared to the solution obtained by pressure reference tracking.
Study on the ignitability of a high-pressure direct-injected methane jet using a scavenged pre-chamber under a wide range of conditions
Authors: Vera-Tudela Walter , Schneider Bruno , Wüthrich Silas , Herrmann Kai
Published: April 2022

Natural gas is a promising alternative fuel for internal combustion engines, it allows for a reduction of engine-out emissions without impairing high engine efficiencies. Although this approach is already utilized from small to large engine classes, it is almost exclusively based on the combustion of a premixed homogeneous charge. For ignition, small engines use standard spark plugs or pre-chambers, while large and lean-operated engines use pre-chambers and pilot injections. Direct high-pressure gas injection is a more recent, alternative way to operate gas engines which offers benefits compared to premixed operation such as high combustion pressures, leaner operation, easier quantity regulation, and higher compression ratios, among others. However, in contrast to diesel injection, the compression temperatures are too low for the auto-ignition of the gas jets. Therefore, an additional ignition system is required, usually a pilot injection system is used. In this study, the usability and performance of a scavenged pre-chamber used for the ignition a high-pressure gas jet has been investigated in an optically accessible test-rig that is able to operate at engine-like conditions. Results show that the turbulent hot jet generated by the pre-chamber was able to ignite the high-pressure gas jet under a wide range of operating conditions. Moreover, it also appears to be a promising ignition strategy for very early direct injection during the compression stroke as well as for port injection. The good performance is attributed to the intense mixing of the main gas jet with the hot jet exiting the pre-chamber.
Aerodynamic noise from long circular and non-circular cylinders using large eddy simulations
Authors: Jacob Joemon , Bhattacharya Subrata Kumar
Published: April 2022

Flow-induced aerodynamic noise from four cylindrical shapes of infinite length at a low subcritical flow regime is studied using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and acoustic analogy. Numerical simulations are performed for short-span (length to diameter ratio of 3) cylinders, and a sound correction method based on equivalent/spatial coherence length has been applied to estimate noise from long-span cylinders. An attempt is made to compare spatial coherence lengths of four cross-sections at the same Reynolds number (Re). The sound correction method that is well established for circular cylinders proved effective for non-circular cross-sections also. Owing to the limitation in computational capacity, a well-resolved LES is still unachievable for higher Re flows and long-span cylinders without adopting a sound correction methodology. A grid resolution based on the characteristic length and velocity scale was adopted in simulation and proved effective for computing aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics. An ‘effective frequency band’ of sound pressure level-frequency curve is proposed that predicts over 99.5% of the overall sound pressure level, and features of this band for four cross-sections are presented.
How market conditions affect new ventures’ propensity to engage in category spanning
Authors: Goldenstein Jan , Hunoldt Michael , Oertel Simon
Published: April 2022

In our study, we examine how category density affects entrepreneurs’ propensity to engage in category spanning, and investigate the moderating effects of category fuzziness, regional density, and the number of entrants in a system of categories. We test our hypotheses by focusing on 3707 bands in the British metal music industry. Our findings indicate that increased category density reduces the degree of category spanning, but this effect is attenuated by increased category fuzziness and an increase in the number of new ventures founded in the same market. Regional density has no moderating effect, but its positive main effect points to the independence of the effects of categorical and regional density on category spanning. Our findings facilitate theory building regarding the antecedents of category spanning and the evolution of the categorical system of markets.
Is type 2 diabetes mellitus another intercellular junction-related disorder?
Authors: Collares-Buzato Carla B , Carvalho Carolina PF
Published: April 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is nowadays a worldwide epidemic and has become a major challenge for health systems around the world. It is a multifactorial disorder, characterized by a chronic state of hyperglycemia caused by defects in the production as well as in the peripheral action of insulin. This minireview highlights the experimental and clinical evidence that supports the novel idea that intercellular junctions (IJs)-mediated cell–cell contacts play a role in the pathogenesis of T2D. It focuses on IJs repercussion for endocrine pancreas, intestinal barrier, and kidney dysfunctions that contribute to the onset and evolution of this metabolic disorder.
Lipocalin-2, S100A8/A9, and cystatin C: Potential predictive biomarkers of cardiovascular complications in COVID-19
Authors: Gupta Anamika , Al-Tamimi Abaher O , Halwani Rabih , Alsaidi Hend , Kannan Meganathan , Ahmad Firdos
Published: April 2022

Severe coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) infection often leads to systemic inflammation accompanied by cardiovascular complications including venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, it is largely undefined if inflammatory markers such as lipocalin-2 (LNC2), calprotectin (S100A8/A9), and cystatin C (CST3), previously linked with VTE, play roles in cardiovascular complications and advancement of COVID-19 severity. To investigate the same, hospitalized moderate and severe (presented pneumonia and required intensive care) COVID-19 patients were recruited. The levels of plasma LNC2, S100A8/A9, CST3, myoglobin, and cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The investigation revealed a significantly upregulated level of plasma LNC2 at the moderate stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, the levels of S100A8/A9 and CST3 in moderate patients were comparable to healthy controls; however, a profound induction was observed only in severe COVID-19 patients. The tissue injury marker myoglobin was unchanged in moderate patients; however, a significantly elevated level was observed in the critically ill COVID-19 patients. In contrast, cTnI level was unchanged both in moderate and severe patients. Analysis revealed a positive correlation between the levels of S100A8/A9 and CST3 with myoglobin in COVID-19. In silico analysis predicted interactions of S100A8/A9 with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), MyD88 LY96, and LCN2 with several other inflammatory mediators including MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1, and interleukins (IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-10). In summary, early induction of LCN2 likely plays a role in advancing the COVID-19 severity. A positive correlation of S100A8/A9 and CST3 with myoglobin suggests that these proteins may serve as predictive biomarkers for thromboembolism and tissue injury in COVID-19.
Risk for Additional Infarction in Emergency Carotid Artery Endarterectomy in Thrombectomy Acute Stroke Patients
Authors: Yousefian Jazi Ehsan , Wiesmann Martin , Reich Arno , Gombert Alex , Pinho João , Kotelis Drosos , Nikoubashman Omid
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Thromboembolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery with tandem occlusion of the internal carotid artery is a life-threatening condition with unfavorable neurological outcome. We perform emergency carotid endarterectomy in the same anesthesia session as thrombectomy in our angiography suite whenever needed despite the absence of electrophysiological neuromonitoring. Methods: We evaluated 47 thrombectomy patients with emergency CEA in our clinic between June 2013 and November 2020. To determine whether there were additional infarctions due to the surgical procedure, we assessed the initial diagnostic CT imaging for previously infarcted areas, cerebral perfusion, and vascular anatomy, including collateralization in the Circle of Willis (CoW). We then analyzed follow-up imaging with respect to new infarctions that could not be explained by the initial stroke. Results: 5 of 47 (11%) patients had a complete CoW. There was contralateral internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis or occlusion in 18/47 (38%) patients. Surgical procedure was eversion CEA in 34 (72%) and with a patch graft CEA in 13 (28%) cases. Shunts were used during surgery in 17/47 (36%) patients. Two patients suffered from an additional infarction in a new territory, however this was not caused by the surgical procedure but due to embolism during endovascular thrombectomy. In 1 of these 2 patients a hemodynamic border zone infarction was also observed, which could have developed during thrombectomy as well as during surgery, although this could not be attributed with absolute certainty to the surgery. The final infarction size was significantly larger in patients with contralateral ICA stenosis or occlusion ( P = .038). Neither CoW anatomy nor the absence of a shunt during surgery could be identified as risk factors for additional infarction. Conclusion: Emergency surgery in the angiography suite without neuromonitoring was not associated with an increased additional stroke rate in our patient cohort.
Impact of Physical Activity on Adiposity and Risk Markers for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease
Authors: Aljaloud Khalid S. , Hughes Adrienne R. , Galloway Stuart D. R.
Published: April 2022

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of physical activity (PA) on adiposity and for cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk markers (CMDRMs). In total, 55 adults (33 lean [L] and 22 overweight/obesity [O/O]) visited the laboratory on two occasions. During the first session, body composition and anthropometric measurements were taken as well as resting blood pressure (BP). Free-living PA intensity was monitored using an ActiGraph accelerometer, which the participants wore for a period of 6 days. During the second visit, blood samples for the analysis of disease risk markers were obtained from the participants in the morning after overnight fasting (≥10 hr). There was no significant difference between groups in the percentage of time spent in PA levels (54.5% ± 1.2% and 54.9% ± 2.1% for L and O/O, respectively). Although, the O/O group was within recommended PA level, they had higher leptin, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels than the L group (all p < .01). The O/O group had higher levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL; all p < .01). Interestingly, vigorous activity was positively correlated with HDL ( r = .30, p < .05) and negatively with LDL ( r = −.26, p = .05) levels and the arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid (ARA/EPA) ratio ( r = −.30, p < .05). Only the O/O group had elevated CMDRMs. However, vigorous activity may improve health-related blood lipids such as HDL, LDL, and ARA/EPA ratio. Regardless of body composition status, low active participants were more likely to have higher level of leptin and hsCRP. Further exploration of the beneficial effects of vigorous exercise on adiposity and CMDRMs is warranted.
The influence of interaction between orthogonal magnetic fibers on the capture of Fe-based fine particles by each fiber
Authors: Zhang Li’an , Diao Yongfa , Chu Minghao , Jiang Jie , Shen Henggen
Published: April 2022

In this work, an existing method of capturing Fe-based fine particles by magnetic fiber is improved, and a weaving method for the fiber filter material is further determined. Different combinations of magnetic fields could form around the magnetic fibers, which change the interaction between orthogonal magnetic fibers when a uniform magnetic field is applied along the X-, Y-, and Z-axes. Therefore, the process of particle capture by the orthogonal magnetic fibers under three configurations was compared using the computational fluid dynamics-discrete phase model (CFD-DPM) and a special user-defined function (UDF) of the magnetic force. The results show that the interaction between orthogonal magnetic fibers could either inhibit or promote the capture of Fe-based fine particles by adjacent magnetic fibers. In industrial production, the magnetic filter material is suitable for the weaving method for the alternate use of magnetic and traditional fibers. When a uniform magnetic field is applied along the X-axis, this weaving method makes the capturing performance of orthogonal magnetic fiber best. Moreover, the magnetic characteristics, flow characteristics, and combination sequence of magnetic fields should be considered. This study provides scientific researchers with new insights for the development of novel high-efficiency fibrous filters to reduce particulate pollutants emissions.
Bridging Indigenous and Western Methods in Social Science Research
Authors: Quinn Ashley L.
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a method for how grounded theory can be used to bridge Western and Indigenous approaches to research, and how these epistemologies may complement each other. The objective in presenting this method is to contribute to the ongoing conversation on how best to integrate these two frameworks. As historically in social science research western methodologies have been preferred over Indigenous methodologies, this integration serves both to further reconciliation and to enhance methodological rigour.
‘It feels like my visibility matters’: Women ageing with HIV overcoming the ‘violence of invisibility’ through community, advocacy and the radical act of care for others
Authors: Stevenson Jacqui
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

A participatory qualitative study exploring women’s experiences of ageing with HIV in London, United Kingdom. The research considered how the concept of ‘community’ was relevant to women’s experiences and what constructions of ‘community’ could be discerned in the experiences, accounts given and discourses employed by older women living with HIV.

Methods:

The research presented in this article was conducted as a PhD study between 2015 and 2019. The study was structured in multiple and overlapping phases, and adopted a feminist and participatory approach. The methods used in the research were as follows: participatory literature review, participatory creative workshops, policy review and stakeholder interviews, life story interviews, and a participatory analysis workshop.

Results:

Eighteen women living with HIV aged over 50 participated in creative workshops and fourteen women in life story interviews. Women’s experiences of ageing with HIV are shaped by intersecting identities, community responses, and personal connections. Ageing with HIV brings challenges, added to and augmented by other difficulties women face in their lives, but women draw on individual and community assets in order to adapt, cope and thrive. Belonging to a community of women living with HIV and a broader community of people living with HIV created a vital space of safety, in which women found support, advice, and meaning.

Conclusions:

Women ageing with HIV countered the ‘violence of invisibility’ through forming community with other women living with HIV, rejecting stigma, and enacting a personal form of advocacy through care for others.
From ‘Trucfilm’ to ‘Animatiefilm’: How the Emergence of Animation as a New Artistic Form Is Reflected in Dutch Terminology
Authors: Peters Mette
Published: April 2022

Before 1940, the influence of foreign films, filmmakers and film networks on film culture in the Netherlands was substantial. This article investigates how various Dutch professionals within the fields of film production, distribution, exhibition and reception referred to animation film, in a period when this term was not part of the Dutch language. From early on, animation film was recognized as being ‘intrinsically different’ from live-action film and, along with the gradual emergence of this new artistic form, a corresponding language to support it evolved, influenced by language contacts in various contexts in the multilingual landscape in Europe. From the first singular appearances in 1913, a more form-specific terminology had gradually developed by 1940. During the same time, animation film steadily proceeded to occupy its permanent place in Dutch film culture.
Modernism and Discourses on Animation in 1930s Portugal: The Case of José de Almada Negreiros
Authors: Soares Marta
Published: April 2022

The leading Portuguese modernist José de Almada Negreiros (1893–1970) often interacted with cinema and was particularly captivated by animation. While Almada’s stay in Madrid – from 1927 to 1932 – was marked by a magic lantern show and echoes of cut-out animation in his visual works, his presentation on Disney at the premiere of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in Lisbon is a milestone of the reception of animation in Portugal. Drawing upon current art historiographical debates, this article addresses the case of Almada as a way to reconstruct the history of the reception of animation in peripheral countries. Simultaneously, it highlights the importance of interdisciplinarity, the intertwinement between history and theory, as well as the support of archival research.
‘One Out of Harmony with Her Own Time’: Lotte Reiniger, Anachronism and Doing Animation History through Film Society Reconstruction
Authors: Petter Tashi
Published: April 2022

This article reflects on the complexities of doing animation history in relation to Lotte Reiniger, perhaps the most famous and prolific woman in animation but a figure who has been mythologized, marginalized and excluded from traditional film historical accounts. Beginning with a survey of existing scholarship, this article introduces the possibility of reading Reiniger as an ‘anachronist’ – one out of harmony with her own time – by drawing on the emerging field of media archaeology. The idea of Reiniger ‘out of time’ prompted a series of film society reconstructions, re-imagined from surviving archival materials (programmes, newspaper cuttings, letters) and presented to contemporary audiences on 16 mm and 35 mm prints. This article will reflect on the research, development and delivery of the re-enactments, bringing these experiments into dialogue with writings on media archaeology, reconstruction and performance theory. Film reconstructions are presented as a form of feminist media archaeology, which can offer an alternative to traditional chronological history.
Combination targeted and immune therapy in the treatment of advanced melanoma: a valid treatment option for patients?
Authors: Bari Shahla , Muzaffar Jameel , Eroglu Zeynep
Published: April 2022

Melanomas harboring an activating BRAFV600 mutation account for 50% of all advanced melanomas. The approval of BRAF-targeted therapy revolutionized treatment of these patients with achievement of impressive responses. However, development of resistance to these drugs is a significant problem, and as such, duration of response remains low, with median progression free survival of around 11–15 months. Immune checkpoint blockers exploit the immune system to eradicate cancer and can produce durable disease control that results in long-term, treatment-free survival in some patients. These drugs have shown very impressive survival in patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma. Thus, there is a need to continue to utilize emerging data to achieve long-term disease control for patients with advanced melanoma. Combining targeted therapy with immune therapy may be one possible way to achieve this goal. In this review, the mechanisms of action of these two pathways, including the mechanistic basis of this combination, are summarized, along with results of completed and ongoing trials in triple therapy.
European solutions for shadow oligarchic rule in Europe’s East: Do they work? The case of Georgia
Authors: Samadashvili Salome
Published: April 2022

This article looks at the EU’s intervention as the mediator in a domestic political stand-off in Georgia, triggered by the parliamentary elections of 2020. Believing the results of the elections to be fraudulent, the parliamentary opposition rejected them. European Council President Charles Michel then stepped in, initiating a mediation process between the government and the opposition in 2021 and securing a political agreement intended to end the crisis. Analysing the relevant geopolitical and policy framework for this intervention, and its successes and failures, presents fertile ground for understanding the EU as the foreign-policy actor in its neighbourhood and the implications of such a role for the Eastern Partnership initiative. This article argues that while the EU’s active leverage model for supporting democracy was applied in the case of Georgia, the shortcomings and miscalculations of the premises on which the policy model was built limited its success.
The Clinician’s Guide to Baseball Pitching Biomechanics
Authors: Diffendaffer Alek Z. , Bagwell Michael S. , Fleisig Glenn S. , Yanagita Yuki , Stewart Megan , Cain E. Lyle , Dugas Jeffrey R. , Wilk Kevin E.
Published: April 2022

Context:

Improper baseball pitching biomechanics are associated with increased stresses on the throwing elbow and shoulder as well as an increased risk of injury.

Evidence Acquisition:

Previous studies quantifying pitching kinematics and kinetics were reviewed.

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 5.

Results:

At the instant of lead foot contact, the elbow should be flexed approximately 90° with the shoulder at about 90° abduction, 20° horizontal abduction, and 45° external rotation. The stride length should be about 85% of the pitcher’s height with the lead foot in a slightly closed position. The pelvis should be rotated slightly open toward home plate with the upper torso in line with the pitching direction. Improper shoulder external rotation at foot contact is associated with increased elbow and shoulder torques and forces and may be corrected by changing the stride length and/or arm path. From foot contact to maximum shoulder external rotation to ball release, the pitcher should demonstrate a kinematic chain of lead knee extension, pelvis rotation, upper trunk rotation, elbow extension, and shoulder internal rotation. The lead knee should be flexed about 45° at foot contact and 30° at ball release. Corrective strategies for insufficient knee extension may involve technical issues (stride length, lead foot position, lead foot orientation) and/or strength and conditioning of the lower body. Improper pelvis and upper trunk rotation often indicate the need for core strength and flexibility. Maximum shoulder external rotation should be about 170°. Insufficient external rotation leads to low shoulder internal rotation velocity and low ball velocity. Deviation from 90° abduction decreases the ability to achieve maximum external rotation, increases elbow torque, and decreases the dynamic stability in the glenohumeral joint.

Conclusion:

Improved pitching biomechanics can increase performance and reduce risk of injury.

SORT:

Level C.
Facial Diplegia as the Sole Manifestation of Post-Vaccination Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Prado Mario B. , Adiao Karen Joy B.
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Recently, a large study concluded that certain brands of vaccines may increase the risk of Bell’s palsy and Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS). As to whether vaccination after COVID-19 modify the risk of Bell’s palsy or GBS has not yet been studied.

Case:

Here we report a 35 years old COVID-19 survivor whom in less than 2 weeks after his second dose of inactivated SARS-CoV2 vaccine, developed bilateral facial nerve paralysis. In addition, he had hyperacusis, dysgeusia and decreased lacrimation without any signs of sensory and motor deficits in the limbs. His limb nerve conduction study (NCS) was unremarkable in contrast to bilaterally abnormal facial NCS and blink reflexes. Although he had negative anti-GM1 IgG and IgM antibodies, he has marked albuminocytologic dissociation, classic of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

Conclusion:

To date, there were no similar case reports which published the occurrence of facial diplegia as sole manifestation of GBS in a post COVID-19 patient who recently completed vaccination. We believe that molecular mimicry, induced by magnified immune response from both COVID-19 and vaccination may have caused the symptom.
Ticagrelor Induced Angioedema Following Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Elmashad Ahmed , Emmerson Danison , Gorseth Allison , Jaffa Matthew N.
Published: April 2022

Ticagrelor is a frequent component of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following carotid artery stent placement. Hemorrhagic complications remain the focus of most reports, however, other adverse events must also be known to the prescribing physician. Angioedema is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication reported following ticagrelor administration and we present 1 such case here with a review of the existing literature.
Therapeutic value of pelvic lymph node dissection in high-grade prostate cancer
Authors: Chang Dwayne TS , Li Jian , Thyer Isaac , Cohen Ronald J
Published: April 2022

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the therapeutic value of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in high-grade margin-negative prostate cancer without and with lymph node metastases.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed cases in the Western Australian radical prostatectomy (RP) database between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017. We identified men who had RP only (no PLND) and those had RP with PLND. Further, a subset of high-grade (Gleason score (GS) ⩾8) margin-negative cancers were identified. We assessed the therapeutic impact of PLND in this high-risk but potentially curable subset.

Results:

A total of 5648 prostatectomies were performed, and 1209 of these had concurrent PLND, negative surgical margins, and follow-up prostate-specific antigen (PSA) data. Of 558 men with high-grade margin-negative prostate cancer, 395 men had PLND, while 163 did not. There were significantly more patients with T3/T4 disease in the PLND group compared to those without PLND. Preoperative PSA did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, when stage matched, PLND had no impact on the numbers of men who were cured compared to those who failed surgical intervention.

Conclusion:

PLND has value in staging high-grade prostate cancer but has limited impact on producing a durable PSA cure or avoiding adjuvant therapy.

Level of evidence:

Not applicable for this multicenter audit.
Estimating whole-body vibration limits of manual wheelchair mobility over common surfaces
Authors: Misch Jacob , Sprigle Stephen
Published: April 2022

Whole-body vibration (WBV) experienced during manual wheelchair use was quantified across several types of terrain (tile, sidewalk, decorative bricks, expanded metal grates). Over-ground travel was controlled using a robotic propulsion system. Vibrations along the vertical axis were measured with a triaxial accelerometer mounted to the seat of the wheelchair. Root-mean-square acceleration values were compared to the health guidance exposure limits established by the European Council using the WBV calculator tool published by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Vibrations along the vertical axis were well below the exposure values associated with health risks. Even the most aggressive tactile surface (grates) tested in this study would require more than 14 h of daily travel to reach the “exposure action value,” and more than 24 h would be required to reach the “exposure limit value”. Considering the average cumulative duration of active self-propulsion among manual wheelchair users is around an hour or less, none of the tested conditions were deemed unsafe or damaging.
Pseudohemothorax induced by residual contrast medium mimicking aortic dissection rupture
Authors: Okamura Kazuya , Yoshida Rika , Yoshizako Takeshi , Kitagaki Hajime
Published: April 2022

Hemothorax is an urgent condition, and its accurate diagnosis and the identification of the cause are important. Herein, we report a case of a 74-year-old man with end-stage renal disease who was presented with high-concentration pleural effusion owing to residual contrast medium. The case required differentiation from hemothorax owing to an aortic dissection and its rupture. In patients with end-stage renal disease, noncontrast-enhanced computed tomography after contrast-enhanced computed tomography may result in high-concentration pleural effusion owing to the existence of residual contrast medium. This realization is important to determine whether high-concentration pleural effusion symptoms reflect an urgent hemothorax case possibly related to an imminent rupture of an aortic aneurysm or intrathoracic penetration of aortic dissection, and whether invasive procedures, such as thoracentesis, ought to be avoided.
The political background of a pattern transformation in the Chinese system of science and technology during the 20th century
Authors: Dong Guangbi
Published: April 2022

The development of modern science and technology in China involved three transformations: from a traditional mindset to a modern one through the enlightenment of scientific thought, from the Anglo-Saxon pattern to the Soviet pattern in the process of instituting the Chinese system of science and technology, and from national defence to economics due to an awakening of technical economics after the ‘Cultural Revolution’. This paper surveys the political background of the second transformation. The idea of ‘doing science for science’s sake’ never had a footing in China because the Chinese began to learn about modern science and technology only under the threat of colonists’ gunboats. Developing science and technology has always been one of the means for China to cast off national humiliation and regain its status as a major country in the world. Compared with science and technology in other countries, Chinese science and technology were more susceptible to the international political environment and domestic political situation. It took about two decades, between the establishment of the Academia Sinica in 1928 and the inauguration of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1949, for China to form its system of science and technology. The system had three successive configurations because of the international competition among Japan, the US and the Soviet Union over China, and the domestic political contest between the Chinese Nationalist Party or Kuomintang (founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1912) and the Communist Party of China. China’s science and technology system started by modelling itself on its counterparts in Europe and America. After undergoing a series of unconventional developments during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1931–1945) and the War of Liberation (1946–1949), the system transformed to the Soviet pattern after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China.
Providing Asthma Management in the Retail Clinic Setting
Authors: Prigge Kimberly , Holtz Kelly K. , Mara Kristin , Meek Alicia
Published: April 2022

Objective:

To determine whether there are differences in asthma management provided in the retail clinic setting versus in the primary care setting, and whether it would increase the number of well controlled asthmatics as determined by ACT score of 20 or greater, and less than or equal to 1 ED or hospital visit due to asthma, within 6 months.

Methods:

All asthma patients with an asthma control test (ACT) of 19 or less, received a new or updated asthma action plan (AAP) at the visit. If the patient presented to the retail clinic during an asthma exacerbation or with any asthma symptoms, they were not given an ACT and received usual care. Asthma quality data was retrospectively collected for primary care patients seen in the 6-months prior to as well as up to 6 months after the patient’s enrollment visit.

Results:

There was no significant difference in the number of admissions between locations in either the pre-implementation period or the post-implementation period for either the pediatric or adult cohort. There was a significant improvement in the percentage of pediatric and adult patients with at least 1 ACT in the post-implementation compared to pre-implementation for both retail clinic and primary care sites. The percentage of pediatric and adult patients with at least 1 AAP increased in the post-implementation compared to pre-implementation for both retail clinic and primary care sites.

Conclusion:

Retail clinics may be able to provide asthma management with similar outcomes to primary care settings.
Trust and Consumers’ Purchase Intention in a Social Commerce Platform: A Meta-Analytic Approach
Authors: Wang Jian , Shahzad Fakhar , Ahmad Zeeshan , Abdullah Muhammad , Hassan Nadir Munir
Published: April 2022

E-commerce and social media integration are becoming increasingly popular throughout the world, particularly with the emergence of Web 2.0 technology. In a social commerce (SC) environment, trust also plays a vital role in consumers’ purchase intentions. This research aims to achieve consistent findings regarding the concise effect of trust on consumers’ purchase intention and the moderating effect of SC constructs in social commerce platforms. A meta-analysis, including 20 effect sizes from 19 studies, investigated the association between trust and consumers’ purchase intention. The outcomes demonstrate that trust positively influences consumers’ purchase intentions. Meanwhile, moderation analysis points out that trust in sellers has a larger significant effect than other trust objects. Meanwhile, consumers in forums and communities can gain more trust, affecting their purchase intentions. In terms of website types, trust has a similar influence on purchase intention.
Systematic Literature Review With Bibliometric Analysis on Markov Switching Model: Methods and Applications
Authors: Phoong Seuk Wai , Phoong Seuk Yen , Khek Shi Ling
Published: April 2022

This study involved a systematic literature review using bibliometric analysis to examine the evolution and current trends of Markov switching studies. The bibliometric analysis was used for the descriptive, intellectual, social, and conceptual network analyses, while systematic reviews were used to identify the application of the Markov switching model. A total of 449 articles were selected and extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) between 1992 and 2021. The publication trends, most influential countries and articles, leading journals, collaboration networks, research hotspots, research fronts, coupling networks, and application of the model in various disciplines were described. This study summarized the research agenda of the Markov switching field, which would be helpful for researchers and funding agencies.
Bibles and Bathrooms: Intersex Variation Awareness Among College-Aged American Christians
Authors: Lusk Jeniece , Johnson Jodien
Published: April 2022

The extant literature concerning the existence and experience of the LGBTQIA+ community in the United States sometimes overshadows that of people with intersex variations (Jones, 2018). While many people with intersex variations identify within the binary, these variations directly challenge belief systems conforming to the existence of only two sexes, and thus, only two relative genders. This research attempts to gain a greater understanding of American awareness, acceptance, and attitudes concerning intersex variations, and how these beliefs fit into or challenge conservative views of gender. More specifically, we focus on the relationship between religiosity and views of homosexuality, and how these variables may influence and/or be influenced by intersex variation awareness and acceptance. Using a survey of 146 American college students, we find that overall intersex variation is viewed with more acceptances and comfort than homosexuality, and that Christians (in particular, those leaning toward biblical literalism) are more likely to express views that those with intersex variations should adhere to sex and gender binaries.
Case of Cocaine Induced Coronary and Carotid Artery Dissection
Authors: Gill Tara , Brenner Mariaelana , Borja Janine Beatrice , Linder Sarah , Pamulapati Saagar , Kilaru Prasad , Bansal Vibhav , El Koussa Roy
Published: April 2022

Cocaine use has been individually linked to both carotid and coronary artery dissections. However, their simultaneous occurrence has not been previously reported. A 30-year-old man who suffered an acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction secondary to acute carotid and coronary artery dissections, respectively, 16 hours after snorting cocaine. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case describing the simultaneous occurrence of carotid and coronary artery dissections resulting from cocaine use.
Advancing a Holistic Trauma Framework for Collective Healing From Colonial Abuses
Authors: Alvarez Adam J. , Farinde-Wu Abiola
Published: April 2022

In this article, we argue that healing from trauma in a racialized context requires an act of collective, critical resistance whereby educators and researchers reject a White-dominant colonial perspective of trauma on the grounds that it is pathologizing in several ways. We introduce a holistic trauma framework for understanding and responding to trauma within a racialized context. First, our framework seeks to draw on multiple forms of knowledge and experience to gain a deeper sense of trauma, suffering, and healing. Second, it uses an organic approach to promote relationships and support healing. Third, our framework explores multiple timepoints by introducing proactive, interactive, and reactive approaches for addressing trauma more comprehensively. We hope our framework will enhance the field of trauma research, which is, at present, overpopulated by White-dominant, colonial perspectives that mask systemic racial inequities.
Assessing the Causal Link between the COVID-19 Pandemic and Racial Discrimination
Authors: Zhao Jun , Tinkler Justine E. , Clayton Kristen A.
Published: April 2022

In this article, we report the results of a randomized controlled experiment that examines how exposure to information about a global pandemic from Asia affects white Americans’ prosocial behavior towards white, black, and Asian Americans. We find that when exposed to a new disease threat from Asia, (1) white Americans donate significantly less money to Asian American recipients than to white or black American recipients, (2) liberals and conservatives are equally likely to discriminate, and (3) a significant spike in media attention about violence against Asians inhibited this discriminatory behavior—at least temporarily. Our experiment allows us to rule out alternative explanations for the unequal treatment of Asian Americans, providing evidence of a causal link between the COVID-19 pandemic and racial discrimination. The study contributes to knowledge about the spillover effects of external threats on race relations and has implications for public health and science communication.
The Impact of the Pandemic on Gender Inequality in the Australian Labor Market
Authors: Mooi-Reci Irma , Trinh Trong-Anh , Wooden Mark
Published: April 2022

We examine whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the associated policy responses have aggravated gender inequality in the Australian labor market. Using quarterly data from the Australian Labour Force Survey between November 2019 and November 2021, we compare labor force outcomes before and during the outbreak. Our findings indicate that while women fared worse than men in the first few months of the pandemic, labor market recovery was much more rapid for women. By the end of the period, on most indicators, women’s position in the labor market had improved relative to that of men.
Kalabhavan Mani: The Metaphysics of the Acting of a Dalit Actor from South India
Authors: Vijayan Anilkumar Payyappilly
Published: April 2022

This monograph explores in detail the acting persona of Kalabhavan Mani (1971–2016), a prominent film actor of Dalit origin from Kerala, who acted as hero and villain in many south Indian movies. Well known and loved for his singing, acting, mimicking skills, comic anecdotes and spontaneous humour, this actor was never taken as a serious intellectual/thinker by the Kerala mainstream ostensibly because of him being a school dropout. Drawing on Jacques Lacan, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, a methodological inquiry is made into the casteist dimension of this strategy of framing, real as well as reel, by which the metaphysics of the acting out of laughter and laughing out of acting enacted/embodied by Dalit body/discourse is contained, distorted and nullified.
Identification of Reactive Dye Transfer Source and Comparison of Two Types of Dye Transfer Inhibitors
Authors: Meng Mingzhu , Liang Shuaitong , Zhang Zhenzhen , Zhang Hongjuan , Wang Jiping
Published: April 2022

The source for reactive dye transfer of cotton fabric varies in different studies, and there is limited information on the washing factors. This study explored the source of Reactive Red 195 colored cotton fabric dye transfer and reported the effects of three key washing factors and their interactions with two types of dye transfer inhibitors. First, the high-performance liquid chromatography results show that the peak of completely hydrolyzed Reactive Red 195 matches the peak of the washing residue of the fabric colored by Reactive Red 195. The dye transfer process is positively related to the hydrolyzed dyes. Based on this, response surface method models for the three factors, water consumption, water hardness, and dye transfer inhibitors concentration for polyvinylpyrrolidone and lauryl betaine were built. Both response surface method models show that due to the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+, the increase in water hardness reduces the zeta potential on the fabric surface, and causes a decrease of electrostatic repulsion between the dye and the fabric. The dye transfer inhibiting effect is reduced. The increase in dye transfer inhibitor concentration strengthened the effect of inhibiting the transfer of hydrolyzed Reactive Red 195. In addition, there is a cross effect between water hardness and dye transfer inhibitor concentration. There is optimal water hardness and dye transfer inhibitor concentration to maximize the inhibition of hydrolyzed Reactive Red 195 dye transfer. The water consumption shows a limited effect because the washing time is long enough to reach a balance in the fabric and washing fluids. Polyvinylpyrrolidone with many hydrophilic groups is easy to combine with hydrolyzed dyes. While lauryl betaine is a small molecule surfactant, the structural differences make the response surface method model show that polyvinylpyrrolidone has a better effect than lauryl betaine. The discoveries can be used to guide dye transfer inhibitor development. Further investigations, including dye transfer inhibitor synthesis and modification, are needed.
Research on the Method for Controlling the Liquid Absorptivity Behavior of Polyester Textile Materials
Authors: Akgun Mine , Kanik Mehmet , Seçmen Sude , Macit Miray , Gülşen Esma
Published: April 2022

Besides the advantages of polyester materials, such as ease of production, usage, and maintenance, the hydrophobic properties could cause disadvantages. Applying hydrophilic finishing to the polyester product, its liquid transmission properties could be improved, and better comfort provided to the user. This study aimed to investigate the liquid absorptivity properties (vertical wicking, water vapor permeability, and drop test) of the fabric given hydrophilic properties by applying a partial hydrophilic process on a 100% polyester textile surface. It aimed to transfer the hydrophilic finishing agent to the polyester product using a printing method other than the padding method. In the printing application, 100% open, striped (50% open – 50% closed), continued honeycomb (65% open – 35% closed), and non-continued honeycomb (35% open – 65% closed) pattern screens were used. The liquid transmission properties of fabrics were evaluated by changing the ratio of the hydrophilic treatment applied to the fabric surface via with the printing method. In terms of the applicability of the printing method as an alternative to the impregnation method in order to achieve decreased chemical consumption, it was aimed to investigate whether the method of giving hydrophilic features by the printing method could create an alternative to the padding method. The results showed that the liquid transmission properties of fabrics could be controlled and improved by the printing method depending on the proportions of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface areas. In addition, it was observed that the liquid transmission properties of the fabrics vary depending on whether these areas are continued or non-continued.