bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الصفات ذات اللاحقةОВАТ- ЕВАТ- -في اللغة الروسية المعاصرة
Authors: منتصرة عبد الرحمن حميد الركابي ا.م.
Published: February 2024

يكشف هذا المقال عن مشكلة الصفات ذات المكون الكمي والتي تعتبر واحدة من اقوى الموارد المكونة للكلمات التعبيرية والتقويمية و يتم تحليل التركيبات الدلالية ذات الاوجه المتعددة التي تنشا من عملية توظيف الصفات المشتقة بمساعدة اللواحق والتي تدل على الاتجاه العام للغات السلافية وذلك لتطوير الدلالات العاطفية والتقييمية في الكلمات ذات معنى الميزة او الخاصية يتم تقديم تعريف انماط تكوين المعاني الضمنية في دلالات الصفات المشتقة مما يتضمن تحليلا شاملا لعلاقاتها الاشتقاقية. أ) الاعتماد الداخلي لهيكل بناء الكلمات الدلالية المشتقة للكلمة من المعنى المعجمي والفئوي للكلمات المركبة. ب) المقارنة الخارجية للكلمة المشتقة مع اشياء محدودة من الواقع. ج) الدلالات اللغوية للكلمة المشتقة والاضافات الدلالية المختلفة لأسباب معينه على وجه الخصوص الروابط المجازية للمشتق والكلمة المستحدثة.
Aggregating Emotional Sequences Amplifies the Perception of Women as More Emotional Than Men
Authors: Gorges Megan Wood , Porat Roni , Schöne Jonas , Goldenberg Amit
Published: February 2024

The stereotype that women are more emotional than men is pervasive in Western culture. Yet little research has directly examined how this stereotype translates into the act of judging women as more emotional. We propose that one way gender stereotypes shape judgments of emotionality is through the aggregation of emotional expressions, in which perceivers preferentially remember stereotype-congruent emotional stimuli and consequently overweight these stimuli when forming judgments. To test this, we conducted 4 studies (N = 565). In Study 1, we validated the persistence of gender-emotion stereotypes. For Studies 2-4, we selected emotional expression stimuli that elicited no gender difference in ratings of emotionality at the single face level. Male participants saw sequences of male and female faces displaying emotional expressions ranging from neutral to angry (Study 2) or neutral to happy (Study 3) and were asked to indicate whether they considered the person in the sequence to be emotional or not. We found that when these stimuli, for which no gender difference was found at the single face level, were aggregated by male perceivers, they were more likely to rate sequences of female faces as emotional. Furthermore, using a memory test we show that participants better remembered angry female faces within a sequence compared to angry male faces (Study 4), supporting the idea that aggregation of emotional information enables stereotypes to influence judgments via memory. This study reveals an important mechanism by which stereotypes are translated into emotionality judgments.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THE USE DUOLINGO ON IMRPOVING ENGLISH VOCABULARY
Authors: Solihah Sofia Azzaini
Published: February 2024

In this increasingly sophisticated era, learning in the field of English requires a new strategy that can make it easier for students to master English. One of these strategies is to utilize the Duolingo application. In this study, researchers used qualitative methods with descriptive types. While in data collection, the author uses interview and documentation techniques. The data analysis in this study was carried out using data analysis techniques in this study, namely thematic coding. Thematic coding techniques are used to identify and analyze key themes emerging from interviews and documentation. The results of research in this study show students' perceptions of Duolingo, including the advantages and the disadvantages: the advantages are 1) Duolingo increases the vocabulary of English vocabulary, 2) Duolingo provides fun learning, 3) students are motivated by the rewards given, 4) improve vocabulary pronunciation, 5) sharpen memory and listening skills. Meanwhile, the disadvantages are 1) There is no forum for discussion between users 2) Advertisements, and 3) Less focus on learning grammar
Sensitivity to Morphological Spelling Regularities in Chinese-English Bilinguals and English Monolinguals
Authors: Iwao Haruka Sophia , Andrews Sally , Veldre Aaron
Published: February 2024

Evidence of sensitivity to graphotactic and morphological patterns in English spelling has been extensively examined in monolinguals. Comparatively few studies have examined bilinguals’ sensitivity to spelling regularities. The present study compared late Chinese-English bilinguals and English monolinguals on their sensitivity to systematic inflectional and derivational spelling regularities. One hundred and twenty-nine undergraduate students completed a forced-choice spelling task, in which nonword pairs were presented in a sentence context requiring a choice of the relevant grammatical form. English ability measures were administered to examine possible inter-individual differences in morphological sensitivity. The results showed that both monolinguals and bilinguals demonstrated knowledge of spelling patterns, but the groups differed in their sensitivity to inflectional and derivational spelling regularities. Specifically, bilinguals showed more consistent use of morphological spelling regularities in guiding their decision on spelling choice compared to monolinguals. The results are argued to be consistent with the predictions of statistical learning accounts of spelling acquisition.
People Who Believe Implausible Claims are not Cognitive Misers: Evidence from Evaluation Tasks
Authors: Robson Samuel Gebhard , Faasse Kate , Gordon Eliza-Rose , Jones Sam , Smith Natasha , Martire Kristy
Published: February 2024

Belief in epistemically implausible claims, such as climate change is a hoax and vaccines are harmful, is a pervasive problem. We test the idea that people who believe such claims possess a generally lazy thinking style (Miserly Hypothesis). Across three studies, we compared believers and non-believers of implausible claims on evidence evaluation tasks. Study 1 focused on high and low-quality forensic evidence, while Study 2 examined evaluations in a medical setting. In Study 3, we assessed the effect of time constraints on evaluations. We found little evidence for the Miserly Hypothesis; believers and non-believers did not differ in their sensitivity to high and low-quality evidence, and both groups’ evaluations were equally affected by time constraints. Believers and non-believers displayed a tendency for effortful, analytic thinking. Our findings challenge the notion that believing implausible claims is rooted in a lack of analytical thinking.
How a Process-Based Idionomic Approach Changes our Understanding of Mindfulness as a Method and Process
Authors: Hayes Steven C. , Sahdra Baljinder K. , Ciarrochi Joseph , Hofmann Stefan G. , Sanford Brandon
Published: February 2024

Mindfulness research began with broad hypotheses such as “Mindfulness reduces stress” or “Mindfulness drives well-being.” As research has evolved, we as a field have begun to think more in terms of individual heterogeneity, but the hypotheses still appear to be linear and fairly general, such as “more mindfulness will lead to more well-being for some.” As our process focus becomes more nuanced, we need to think in terms of networks of process relations. That kind of network thinking is progressive, but it cannot be reliably done purely nomothetically. Average processes are not processes at all, and average networks do not escape the requirement of ergodicity to be applied with confidence to individuals. We will need a more bottom-up change in our measures and research methods to truly understand how mindfulness skills impact people’s lives. Incorporating mindfulness skills into evidence-based care is a positive thing, but how we do it differs from the spiritual and religious traditions that have developed over thousands of years. As empirical clinicians, we need to learn to be wiser and to deploy these skills in a way that makes them safe for individuals and for cultures. Every individual matters in such a journey, and so skills and aspirations of the unique individuals we work with must be measured, modeled, and understood in a way that allows their unique voices to be heard.
Do social psychology publications of Muslim populations reflect Orientalist and colonial themes? A Content Analysis and reflection on decolonization
Authors: Dawood Maneeza , Purdie-Greenaway Valerie
Published: February 2024

This research advances the argument that references to Muslim populations in social psychological research tend to reproduce aspects of Western coloniality. A content analysis of the top ranked social psychology and psychology of religion journals was conducted, resulting in a final database of 231 publications. Content analysis revealed that implicit colonial themes were reflected in a large body of these publications. These themes were: (1) belief that Muslims have inherent tendencies towards radicalization; (2) belief that Muslims are Arab/Middle Eastern; (3) belief that Muslims are foreign; (4) identification of Muslims using external visible markers; and, (5) use of Western comparative samples against Muslim samples. The most prevalent theme reflected the belief that Muslims are foreign. Analyses of citation counts revealed that North American publications were most frequently cited accounting for over 60% of citations. Geocoded analysis of the corresponding author’s university affiliation revealed that implicit colonial themes were reflected in publications from North America and Europe, two regions where Muslims are a demographic minority. To our knowledge, this is among the first empirical study demonstrating empirical linkages between coloniality of knowledge about Muslims and references to Muslims in contemporary publications.
Transgenerational Burden in W. B. Yeats’s Poem “Leda and the Swan”: A Feminist Study
Authors: Subedi Bhim Prasad
Published: February 2024

The transgenerational burden presented in W. B. Yeats' poem "Leda and the Swan" is examined in this research from a feminist standpoint. As shown in the legendary retelling, the analysis explores the many layers of patriarchal power relations and their long-lasting effects on succeeding generations. The text uses feminist literary theory to explain how Yeats's depiction of Leda's terrible encounter with the holy swan incorporates larger societal meanings and sustains repressive mechanisms that have an ongoing effect on society. The transgenerational burden arises from the offspring of this encounter. The children born to Leda carry the weight of their divine parentage and the complexities of their intertwined lineage. The examination scrutinizes the interplay of gender roles, agency, and the consequential burdens borne by women, revealing the poem as a nuanced commentary on the enduring legacy of patriarchal dominance. Through this exploration, the study contributes to the broader discourse on gender in literature, shedding light on the intricate intergenerational complexities inherent in Yeats's poetic explanation. The Leda and the Swan myth highlights the enduring consequences of patriarchal power dynamics and their role in shaping transgenerational burdens within the narrative.
Blood Donor’s Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Blood Donation among Voluntary Blood Donors at Nepal Red Cross Society Central Blood Transfusion Service Centre
Authors: Singh Smriti , Rijal Tara Devi , Katwal Barsika
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Blood donation is the major source of blood as well as components of blood worldwide. Even though there are lots of promising components to substitute blood, a true component for blood and blood components is not available. Donated blood is an essential component in the management of many diseases. It is the core lifesaving component for an individual with loss of large volumes of blood from accidents, hemorrhages, or surgery.

Aims: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of blood donors who visit blood bank.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 227 voluntary donors during six different Blood Donation Campaigns from March to October 2023.

Results: A total of 227 blood donors participated in this research, with ages ranging from 19 to 60 years, and an average age of 34.7 years with a standard deviation of 8.77. Among all donors, the majority were male (71.4%), with females representing 28.6%. 1.3% of the donors were illiterate, while 26 % were literate. Additionally, 33% hold a secondary-level degree, 31.3 percent have a bachelor's degree, and 8.4 percent possess a master's degree or higher. The majority (46.7%) of the voluntary blood donors were from the service sector, 11% were students, 5.3% in business, 3.5%. were engaged in agriculture and 1.8% working in foreign employment. The remaining 31.7% were involved in various other occupations.

Conclusion: Almost 1/10th, 5% had adequate knowledge and 72% showed positive attitude related to blood donation in our study the level of blood donation practice was in majority of donor about 89%.
Role of Image Guided FNAC in Assessment of Intra-Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Masses
Authors: Shrestha Richa , Baidya Pooja , Paudel Nabin , Shrestha Anil
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is a widely used method for palpable/nonpalpable masses. Radiological image guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is less invasive, safe and cost effective method for diagnosis of masses in less accessible sites like intra-abdominal organs. Ultrasound or Computed Tomography guided methods are usually preferred.

Aims: This study was done to evaluate the diagnostic utility of image guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in an intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal lesions and confirmation by histopathology whenever available.

Methods: This is a hospital based prospective study over a period of one year (October 2022 to September 2023) in department of Pathology, Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur, Nepal. Patients who presented clinically and radiologically with intraabdominal or retroperitoneal masses were included in which direct Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology was not possible. A cytological opinion was made by correlating with clinical and radiological findings. Histological correlation was carried out in patients who went surgical excision or biopsy of lesion.

Results: Among 52 cases studied, all were accessible via ultrasonography. Cytopathological diagnosis was obtained in 49 cases and three cases were unsatisfactory. Among them 44 were malignant, one was suspicious and seven were non-neoplastic. Liver was most frequently aspirated organ (23 cases) with commonest diagnosis being metastatic adenocarcinoma (17 cases). Cyto-histological correlation was available in 16 cases. This study shows 100% specificity and 93.3% sensitivity. Diagnostic accuracy was 94.2%.

Conclusion: Image guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology plays an important role in diagnosis of deep-seated nonpalpable lesions. It is safe and provides rapid diagnosis with minimal complications.
Comparison of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio between Diabetic Nephropathy and Without Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Yadav Anil , Jyoti Sabita , Yadav Pratima , Rai Rabin , Mehta Ram Kumar , Parajuli Surya Bahadur , Yadav Indra
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a kind of systemic disease with serious microvascular and macrovascular complications incorporate diabetic nephropathy. The Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple and cheap laboratory tool used to predict the prognosis of many non-communicable diseases such as diabetic nephropathy.
Aims: To compare neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio between type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy and without diabetic nephropathy.
Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at teaching hospital, Morang, Nepal. Non probability convenience sampling technique was used to collect data of 226 participants by using clinical and laboratory forms and formats. The data was analysed in SPSS version 21.00.
Results: Laboratory parameters were compared between two groups. High density lipoprotein (p=0.028) and low density lipoprotein (p<0.01) and glycaemic parameters fasting blood glucose (p=0.028), postprandial blood glucose (p=0.0005) and glycated haemoglobin (p=0.007) were found to be significantly raised in diabetic nephropathy patients as compared to without diabetic nephropathy patient.  Renal function tests such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (p<0.01), serum creatinine (p<0.01), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (p< 0.01) showed high significant differences between two groups. Blood cell count, platelets (p<0.01) and white blood cell (p<0.01) were found to have statistically significant between patients with diabetic nephropathy and without diabetic nephropathy. Majority of individuals with smoking habit fell in diabetic nephropathy group as compared with individual without diabetic nephropathy. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was high in diabetic nephropathy group.
Conclusion: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was significantly raised in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. Based on above finding, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio may be considered as a predictor and a prognostic biomarker of diabetic nephropathy.
नेपालको लोकतान्त्रिक आन्दोलनमा जनताको बहुदलीय जनवाद {People's multi-party democracy in the democratic movement of Nepal}
Authors: भट्टराई Bhattarai महेश Mahesh
Published: February 2024

प्रस्तुत लेखमा नेपालको लोकतान्त्रिक आन्दोलनमा जनताको बहुदलीय जनवादको भूमिका कस्तो छ भन्ने जिज्ञासा उठाई त्यसको निरनकरण गरिएको छ । कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी सञ्चालित हुने विज्ञानसम्मत सङ्गठनात्म सिद्धान्त हुन्छ । त्यो लेनिनवादी सङ्गठनात्मक सिद्धान्त हो। यसलाई पालना नगर्ने कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीहरू छिन्नभिन्न हुन्छन्र त्यस्तो भएनन्भने पनि तिनीहरूले क्रान्तिको अगुवाइ गर्न सक्दैनन्। नेपालमा २००६ सालमा कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको स्थापना भयो। २०२२ सालमा विभाजित एवम्छिन्नभिन्न भयो। यसको पुनर्गठन एकता गर्दै आजका अवस्थामा पुग्दा लोकतान्त्रिक विधि र प्रणालीको प्रयोग गर्दा नेता नेतृत्व सही छान्ने लोकतान्त्रिक वैज्ञानिक विधिको प्रयोग गर्दा यसको प्रभाव सकारात्मक र यसको अलावा निरङ्कुश तरिकाले नेतृत्व र नीति छान्दा गलत भई देश नै अन्योलको अवस्थमा परेको छ । पुस्तकालयबाट सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी जबजका दस्तावेजका आधारमा वर्णनात्मक र विश्लेषण विधिबाट विवेचना गरिएको छ ।लोकतान्त्रीकरणको विषयलाई व्यहारमा प्रयोग गर्ने, विधिमार्फत नेतृत्व छनौट गर्ने उच्चतम लोकतान्त्रिक विधिको प्रयोग जनताको बहुदलीय जनवादको प्रयोगका बारेमा उल्लेख गर्ने गरी अध्ययन गरिएको छ ।लोकतान्त्रिक विधि नै विश्वको सर्वश्रेष्ठ विधि हो भन्ने विषय आज पनि उतिकै सान्र्दभिक देखिन्छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
नेपालमा सूचना वर्गीकरणको उल्झन, सूचनाको हक कार्यन्वयनमा समस्या {Confusion of information classification in Nepal, problems in implementation of right to information}
Authors: पौडेल Poudel श्रीराम Shreeram
Published: February 2024

Available with fulltext.
Redefining the Nation and Exploring the Self: Reading Contemporary Kirant Poetry
Authors: Pokhrel Tarani Prasad
Published: February 2024

This paper critically analyzes how the poets belonging to the indigenous Kirant ethnic background perceive and interrogate the narratives of Nepali national identities and nationalism in their creative expressions. Six different poets belonging to Rai and Limbu communities––Shrawan Mukarung, Bhupal Rai, Upendra Subba, Swapnil Smriti, Chandrabir Tumbapo, and Heman Yatri–– are purposefully selected for this study who embrace the Kirant as their common identity. Most of the poems selected here are composed against the backdrop of People's Movement II in 2006 and reflect the marginalized ethnic perspectives about nation, nationalism, cultural identity, and indigenous consciousness. The theoretical notion of nationalism is employed in the study, drawing upon theorists like Ernest Renan, Ernest Gellnar, and David Steven. A critical analysis of the selected body of poetry offers the findings that the contemporary Kirant poets attempt to redraw the discourse of Nepali nationalism in two different ways: 1) by exposing the gaps and fissures inherent in the national narratives; and 2) by exploring and incorporating their unique selves in their composition­s–– in the forms of local myths, folklore, ritualistic elements, indigenous symbols, socio-cultural values, and ethnic concerns. The study concludes that literature helps redress the crises created by the state in the past, and contemporary Nepali poetry, particularly those composed by the Kirant ethnic community, is a response that voices sentiments of the margin.
Pragmatic Function of Ellipsis in Political Interview
Authors: Mammadov Azad , Agamaliyeva Jamila
Published: February 2024

Any interview reflects the general trend of economy and efficiency in terms of language use. It implies that language is a crucial tool at the disposal of the participants of interview. In this connection, political interview draws a special interest as it serves as an excellent platform that demonstrates how a balance between explicitness and implicitness could be found for successful social interaction. Since success is critical for both participants of political interview, they are eager to achieve it using all available linguistic devices. From this perspective, the role of ellipsis appears to be crucial because of its unique ability to provide minimum explicit linguistic devices and at the same time to deliver necessary message relying on extra-linguistic and linguistic contexts. Thus, the paper aims to explore the pragmatic functions of various elliptical constructions extensively used in political interview. The conversation analysis of these constructions suggests that the instances of their usages are motivated by both linguistic and extra-linguistic contexts.
Semantyczne zmiany słowa „polityczny" we współczesnej polszczyźnie
Authors: Antas Jolanta
Published: February 2024

Próby podporządkowania języka władzy politycznej nie są zjawiskiem nowym. O propagandzie i jej mechanizmach pisali m.in. Orwell, Klemperer, Barańczak, Baecker, Głowiński, Bralczyk czy Markowski. W artykule skupiono się na analizie mechanizmu wykluczenia z dyskursu (i wspólnoty politycznej) charakterystycznym dla nowej nowomowy (pisomowy, piszczyzny). Chodzi mianowicie o dokonywane przez władzę operacje semantyczne dotyczące słów polityczny, apolityczność i zwrotu protest polityczny, które to zmienione znaczenia wchodzą następnie niestety do uzusu. Prześledzono wybrane przykłady różnego rodzaju wypowiedzi politycznych z ostatnich lat. Tekst stanowi językoznawczo, społecznie i politycznie zaangażowany głos sprzeciwu wobec tego rodzaju prób zawłaszczania i demolowania polskiej kultury.
Autoprezentacja (perswazyjna) profili lekarzy na niemieckich i polskich portalach służących ocenie lekarzy
Authors: Kałasznik Marcelina
Published: February 2024

Celem podjętym w artykule jest analiza tekstów autoprezentacyjnych pochodzących z profili niemieckich i polskich lekarzy na portalach umożliwiających użytkownikom internetu ocenę przedstawicieli tego zawodu. Treści zawarte na profilach medyków nie tylko służą informowaniu o usługach medycznych, stanowią także niebezpośrednią zachętę do skorzystania z nich, dlatego przedmiotem artykułu uczyniono perswazyjność autoprezentacji lekarzy. Korpus badawczy tworzą profile lekarzy pochodzące z jednego niemieckiego (jameda.de) i jednego polskiego (ZnanyLekarz.pl) portalu oceniającego lekarzy, co pozwoli na uchwycenie różnic oraz wskazanie podobieństw między tego typu tekstami w badanych językach. Aby zrealizować zakładany cel, w części teoretycznej artykułu scharakteryzowano portale publikujące ocenę lekarzy, przybliżono termin autoprezentacja oraz zdefiniowano proces perswazji językowej.
A Comprehensive Overview of Early Childhood Care and Education: Policies and Schemes
Authors: Rahaman Sk Mujibur , Mondal Nilay , Chattopadhyay K.N.
Published: February 2024

The present review aimed to explore Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) from the perspective of different policies and schemes in India. India implements various policies and schemes for early childhood education (ECCE), including NEP 2020, NPE 1986, and NCF 2005, ICDS, National ECCE Policy, NPAC 2016, SDG 4 which recommend various aspects of early education. These recommendations are significant for ECCE development. ECCE refers to different types of programs that support a child's physical, mental and social development from birth to approximately age 7 or 8.  The ECCE programme is very significant because it is the basis for the future development of children. Like many other countries, in India, many policies and schemes are available for ECCE. The study is qualitative in nature, utilizing secondary data sources such as books, journals, research articles, websites, newspapers, and government publications. It aims to examine the policy provisions and their impact on improving education at the pre-school level and school education.
Garlic Extract as a Bath Treatment against Gyroductylus sp. in Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Thusyakaanth S.  , Wijesinghe R.D.N.  , Bandara E.G.K.Y.C.
Published: February 2024

Parasitic infection is considered one of the major constraints in commercial fish farms owing to huge economic losses. Although there are plenty of commercial drugs available for treatments, those synthetic chemicals are more hazardous to the host and the environment than the parasite. Therefore, a special trend can be seen towards herbal medications. The present study is utmost significance as it focused on a well-known spice, Garlic (Allium sativum) as a bath treatment against gyrodactylosis caused by Gyrodactylus sp. The soxhlet extraction method was used to haul out the water-soluble compounds and the major components were identified using Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) techniques. During the phytochemical analysis, flavonoids, glycosides, quinones, and diterpenes were identified where the alkaloids, tannins, and phenols were absent in garlic extract. To find out the LC50, values acute toxicity test was performed in 72 hours with triplicates and 802.2ppm value was resulted. 216 of infected adult guppies (2.9 ± 0.1cm, 0.32 ± 0.05 g) were used for a three-hour in vitro bath treatment with different concentrations of garlic extract including 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/L. Complete recovery from gyrodactylosis is observed by the means of microscopic observations at 3, 2.5, 2, and 1.5 h with 50, 100, 150, and 200mg/L of concentrations, respectively. According to the observations, it can be concluded that exposure to garlic extract caused the parasite to first detach from the host, then restrict its movements, and finally die. A significant negative correlation (p<0.01) can be observed between the garlic concentration and the eradication time. 250 ppm garlic extract bath for 0.5 hours was identified as the optimal and most effective treatment against gyrodactylosis. Therefore, garlic extract can be suggested as a herbal bath treatment against agent Gyrodactylosis infection in guppy fish. 

Keywords: Bath treatment, LC50, Gyrodactylus sp, Poecilia reticulata
The Colouration in Dicrurus caerulescens (White-bellied Drongo) Follows the Precipitation and Temperature of the Environment
Authors: Seneviratne S.S.  , Weerakkody S.  , Goodale E.  , Gunasekara V.R.  , O'Brien I.  , Bond A.
Published: February 2024

The variation in climatic conditions over space and time is considered a major driving force in speciation. Gloger's rule is one such rule that broadly explains the variation in the colouration of endotherms (birds and mammals) with the effects of climatic parameters. This predicts that endothermic animals tend to have darker colouration in warm and rainy climates. Here we have tried to explain the variation in the belly white colour in Dicrurus caerulescens (White-bellied Drongo), an overall black coloured bird with a variable white belly. The dark bellied birds are considered the subspecies D. c., and the pale bellied birds are considered D. c.insularis (in dryzone of Sri Lanka). A total number of 112 individuals of adult White-bellied Drongo, including field (n=23) and museum samples (n=36) from Sri Lanka (Total 59), and museum samples from India (n=45) and Nepal (n=8) which were deposited at the National Museum of Sri Lanka, Field Museum of Natural History, USA and the Natural History Museum, UK were taken into consideration. The length of the white belly was measured using a dial calliper adopting a standardized method to minimize inconsistencies. To understand how the extent of white belly varied with respect to precipitation and temperature, we adopted generalized least squares (GLS) methods accounting for spatial autocorrelation between data points. The climatic variables were extracted from the world climatic data through QGIS software. The GLS methods were carried out using the ―nlme‖ package in the R Software for different orders of Autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) for the squared value of white belly length. To find the best fitting model, we used the Akaike information criterion (AIC) using the package ―AICcmodavg‖ in the R. From this, we found a negative significant effect of the interaction between the temperature and precipitation for the white belly length over the studied area in ARMA (1, 1) correlation (-3.72e-01±-0.022, t= -2.23, p<0.05). The white belly is smaller; hence the birds are darker where there is higher temperature and precipitation. The reverse (pale belly) is true when lower temperatures and/or humidity. Therefore, this follows the Gloger's rule of becoming darker in colouration with the high rainfall and temperature in D. caerulescens. 

Keywords: Dicrurus caerulescens, Colouration, Gloger's rule, Temperature, Precipitation
Recognition of Invasive Characteristics of Areca triandra Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. (Arecaceae), an Introduced Palm Species in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wickramasinghe K.H.P.D.L.  , Chandrathilake G.G.T.  , De Zoysa N.D.  , Rajathewa R.A.M.P.M.
Published: February 2024

Areca triandra Roxb. Ex Buch-Ham native to the Southeast Asian region has been introduced to many tropical areas including Sri Lanka. Although the common occurrence of A. triandra is noticeable in the southwest region of Sri Lanka, there was no prior study and literature available to investigate the aggressiveness and invasive potential of this species. Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify the level of invasiveness and risk level of A. triandra in natural areas by (a) assessing the distribution range, (b) identifying the biological strategies for rapid colonization through a population assessment and reproductive biology assessment. An extensive literature survey was conducted to determine the distribution range of A. triandra in Sri Lanka. A population assessment was conducted in Meethirigala Forest Reserve (MFR) and Yagirala Forest Reserve (YFR). Mature A. triandra percentage, crown cover percentage, and reproductive biology assessment were conducted by establishing six 20 m×20 m plots, and A. triandra seedling percentage was evaluated by using twenty-four 1 m×1 m plots by covering different topographic conditions such as mid-slope and valley. To evaluate the invasiveness and risk level, a protocol for the prioritization of invasive species in Sri Lanka developed by the United Nations Development Organization (UNDP) was used. Results show that the common occurrence of A. triandra was noticeable in the southwest region of Sri Lanka. The abundance of mature individuals of A. triandra account for 57% with an average crown cover of 46% and seedlings account for 69% of the ground layer. The species thrives in locations subjected to natural and anthropogenic disturbances and the high crown cover and dominance of seedlings negatively affect the understory by suppressing native vegetation. This palm is clump-forming with 66% of plants with multiple stems. Sexual reproduction produced a large number of fruits; 150-200 fruits per infructescence and an average of 370 fruits per clump. Direct observation showed that the bright red fleshy pericarp of the fruit attracts frugivores, such as the Asian Koel and Green Imperial Pigeon. Protocol criteria evaluation has resulted in A. triandra being under ―Alert‖ status with the risk level of ―Moderate‖ for the invasiveness under natural conditions. Invasive potential with dense populations, clustering stems, high canopy cover, high fruit production, and effective seed dispersal confirms that A. triandra is displacing and threatening the native ecosystems. Immediate actions should be taken to control A. triandra populations for preventing further spread in natural ecosystems. 

Keywords: Areca triandra, Arecaceae family, Invasive species, Frugivores, Infructescence
A Critical Appraisal of the International and National Legal Framework on Climate Change
Authors: Samaradiwakara H.S.
Published: February 2024

The decade starting from 2010-2020 was recorded the warmest decade in the history. The new principles such as Climate litigation, climate justice, climate legislation have been catapulted to the forefront of the environmental litigation and environmental laws. As per the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) the human activities is the substantial cause for increasing of Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which would results in additional warming of the earth‘s surface and the atmosphere and also may adversely affect the natural eco system and human kind. Article 2 of the UNFCCC defines climate change as, a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. Changes in the physical environment or biota resulting from climate change which have significant deleterious effects on the composition, resilience or productivity of natural and managed ecosystems or on the operation of socio-economic systems or on human health and welfare are the effects of climate change. As a matter of fact climate change is the direct result of global warming and the emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere has escalated the earth‘s temperature level. The Resolution adopted by the General Assembly which includes 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development urges States to take urgent action to combat climate. UNFCC, Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement constitute the international legal regime that deals with climate change. These were the results of entering into international consensus in the aim of reducing the greenhouse emission and thereby to effectively handle the climate change impacts. The objective of the paper is centered on the appraisal of the international and national legal framework that have been enacted to curb the climate change. To this end the research paper employs a qualitative methodology. Conventions, Resolutions adopted by the United Nations, legislations such as National Environment Act, Fauna and Flora Act, Coastal Conservation Act etc , policies and regulations, case laws from foreign jurisdiction are utilized as primary sources and the scholarly articles, journals, peer reviewed articles are utilized as secondary sources. The findings of the paper emphasizes that the synergy between the international and national legislations should be strengthen if the legislature is to find prolific solutions to this complex issue. Finally the paper concludes that it must be taken into consideration that if all States are to combat this unprecedented crisis, no instrument can be ignored.

Keywords: Climate change, Climate litigation, Environment, Global warming, Sustainable development
Ecofriendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles via Camellia sinensis Leaves and their Insecticidal Effects towards the Storage Pest, Sitophilus oryzae. (L.)
Authors: Sandeepani G.D.V.A.  , Perera A.G.W.U.  , Chinthaka S.D.M.
Published: February 2024

Existing agricultural practices are not enough to satisfy the growing demand for food. Therefore, high-yielding varieties, fertilizers, and pesticides must be used to increase productivity with limited arable land. As the crop yield increases, the incidence of pest attack within field and storage ecosystems rise which leads to increased demand for insecticides. Plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanomaterials has attracted much researcher interest in recent years due to many advantages over chemically synthesized conventional insecticides. This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using the leaf extract of Sri Lankan tea from Camellia sinensis to control a major stored-grain insect pest, the Sitophilus oryzae adults (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bio-transformed AgNPs were applied at the rates of 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.0625 g/kg on pesticide-free rice grains, wherein the mortality percentage was assessed after every 24 hours for seven days continuously. The appearance of the signature brown color of the solution indicated the formation of silver nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectroscopy results showed a peak of absorbance in the range of 400-460 nm, which is in good agreement with previous records for silver nanoparticles synthesized by green techniques. The average crystallite size determined by subjecting XRD results into Debye-Scherrer equation was found to be 61.9 nm, which was further characterized by the electronmicrography results obtained by SEM, whereby particles were confirmed to be within the nano-range. Results of the toxicity bioassay showed that mortality of S. oryzae adults increased with increasing dosages and time exposed to each dosage, producing 100% mortality at 1.5 g/kg dosage. Hence, it can be concluded that the green synthesized silver nanoparticles can be applied effectively and successfully in a stored grain integrated pest management programs.

Keywords: Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles, Camellia sinensis, Insecticidal, Sitophilus oryzae
Hitting the wall: The impact of barriers to care and cumulative trauma exposure on PTSD among Northern Ireland Veterans
Authors: Spikol Eric , Hitch Catherine , Robinson Martin , McGlinchey Emily , Armour Cherie
Published: February 2024

LAY SUMMARY

The Northern Ireland (NI) population has high rates of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but many barriers prevent people from seeking help/care, which can worsen mental health conditions. For Veterans, these barriers can include a lack of access to or availability of services, a lack of trust in the mental health system, and stigma — negative beliefs about themselves if they were to seek help. Additionally, many UK Armed Forces veterans in Northern Ireland choose not to disclose Veteran status because of security concerns. The Armed Forces Covenant promises available, accessible, and guaranteed care to service members and Veterans, but the covenant is not in place in Northern Ireland, leaving NI Veterans in need without support and relying on charity organizations. This study explored the relationship among trauma exposure, PTSD, and barriers to care among NI Veterans. Analysis showed that an increased number of traumatic event exposures and increased barriers to care predicted a higher amount of PTSD symptoms and distress, meaning the more trauma a Veteran witnessed or experienced and the more barriers preventing them from seeking care, the worse their mental health was likely to be.
Coping strategies for fighting stress in students during studi
Authors: Anikeienko Larysa , Bilokon Viktor
Published: February 2024

Ambiguity in the understanding of the nature of stress has led to differences in views on its essence. As many years ago, when the world-famous scientist H. Selye founded the theory of stress, there is still no more famous and at the same time more controversial scientific term than "stress" in the scientific literature. Stress is the body's reaction to various physical, emotional and psychological stresses. It can occur in response to situations that we perceive as threatening or anxiety-provoking. Stress can negatively affect human health. It can also affect our emotional state, including depression, anxiety and irritability. Stresses are acute and chronic, accumulating gradually. As you know, even a single super-acute stress, caused by, for example, a tragic event, can cause serious illness and even death. Much more typical, however, is the situation when a person falls ill as a result of simultaneous exposure to several "moderate" stressful events [3]. Students belong to the category of persons subject to the increased influence of stress in a certain period of time in life. The change in living circumstances from the parents' home to the dormitory, the fast and intense pace and rhythm of studies, as well as the session period have their disastrous results.

Therefore, it is important to learn how to effectively manage stress and find ways to relax and rest. This can include physical activity, meditation, deep breathing, socializing with loved ones, or a hobby.
The use of postural balance restoration tools in the complex treatment of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Barladyn O.R. , Vakulenko L.O. , Khrabra S.Z. , Veremchuk O.D. , Nyunya L.O.
Published: February 2024

Physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) requires long-term, systematic, individual and step-by-step use of a complex of tools to restore lost motor functions.

All forms of cerebral palsy cause a violation of the body's balance control system, which is manifested by unsteady walking, unexpected falls, swaying, and impaired coordination of movements.

The purpose of the study is to increase the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy in the late residual stage by using means of restoring postural balance.

Research methods: analysis of special scientific and methodical literature; analysis of medical histories; assessment of the level of motor disorders (gross motor function classification system (GMFCS); assessment of the degree of change in muscle tone (modified Ashworth scale); assessment of balance function (Berg balance scale); methods of mathematical statistics.

To achieve the goal, an examination of 20 children with cerebral palsy from 6 to 12 years of age with mainly spastic forms of cerebral palsy was carried out. Patients of the main group received standard rehabilitation treatment and classes on the balance beam and in the rehabilitation system "Spider" in combination with therapeutic gymnastics. The control group of patients received the standard rehabilitation treatment used in this rehabilitation facility. The standard rehabilitation program included therapeutic gymnastics, segmental-reflex massage, mechanotherapy.

The impact of means of postural balance restoration in combination with existing methods of physical rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy on coordination and movement disorders was studied.

It has been established that complex therapy with the use of means for restoring postural balance can improve the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy, both in the older and younger age groups. According to all the conducted tests, positive dynamics were obtained.
The role of acid-base balance in the training of athletes
Authors: Demyanchuk T. O. , Sotnyk Z. G. , Romanova V. I.
Published: February 2024

The article raises the importance of studying the biochemistry of sports in the formation of the professional competences of sports coaches, acquiring the knowledge they will need when training athletes, making corrections in the educational and training process. Knowing how to carry out biochemical control in the training of athletes plays an important role. There is acid-alkaline balance, blood pH one of the informative objective indicators. The pH level is a direct indicator of the body's response to exercise. Establishing correlations between pH and biochemical blood parameters makes it possible to balance the educational and training process.

A shift in the body's pH to an acidic side indicates that the athlete is unable to perform physical activities at the proper level. There is a correlation between performance in competitions and an athlete's blood pH. Indicators of the acid-alkaline balance make it possible to adjust the diet, normalize the pH of the body by other means, and, if necessary, eliminate stressful situations.

To alkalize the human body, taking into account the results of research, it is necessary to consume alkaline food, drink a sufficient amount of water, as well as mineralized water, taking into account the performance of physical activities and environmental conditions.

Coaches need to pay more attention to passing biochemical control, in particular, testing the pH of athletes' bodies during the training and competition period. This will make it possible to avoid mistakes when planning the educational and training process, not to harm the health of athletes and more effectively prepare them for competitive activities, as well as to form eating habits of athletes to ensure acid-alkaline balance in the body.
Building program "wellness" for the correction of the figure of women of the first mature age
Authors: Kovalova Nataliya , Ieremenko Nataliia , Kovalev Volodymyr , Sadovskii Olekeksii
Published: February 2024

This article examines the importance of an approach to health and weight loss through the prism of the concept of Wellness in women. "Wellness" is a global approach to health care, covering physical, emotional and social well-being. The author emphasizes the importance of integrating "Wellness" into everyday life in order to achieve a sustainable and comprehensive approach to maintaining health and achieving weight loss goals.

The article discusses the key components of wellness for women, including physical activity, nutrition, stress management, and psychological well-being. Practical tips and recommendations aimed at creating a healthy lifestyle adapted to the individual needs of women are provided.

The article also emphasizes the importance of self-respect and a positive attitude towards one's body. "Wellness" calls for understanding the unique needs of each woman and creating a harmonious balance between physical and emotional well- being. The article provides practical advice on how to integrate simple exercise and healthy skills into women's busy daily lives.

The following methods were used to achieve the goal: theoretical analysis and data processing, descriptive method, classification, systematization and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, sociological research methods and methods of mathematical statistics.

The research was carried out at NUFVSU, at the Department of Health, Fitness and Recreation, as well as at the fitness studio "GLOW FLY&DANCE" in Kyiv. Women in the first period of adulthood who work in the fitness studio "GLOW FLY&DANCE" took part in the research. The total number of women is 40.

Considering the effectiveness of a complex of wellness programs in correcting the figure of women in the first period of adulthood, a complex of high-interval training, cosmetology procedures, SPA procedures, as well as general nutritional recommendations was selected.

Prospects for further research. Further research will be aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed program.