bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAS 128: Did it make a difference in reporting EPS?
Authors: Jordan Charles E. , McNeely Kristi K. , Clark Stanley J.
Published: August 2002

The new standard greatly simplified earnings per share (EPS) computations. However, the result was
significantly different amounts for only certain items, say the authors. And the new standard may actually bolster
EPS in a sluggish economy—for companies using stock option plans. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
Suppressive role of endogenous regucalcin in the enhancement of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis activity in the nucleus of regenerating rat liver
Authors: Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Yamaguchi Masayoshi
Published: August 2002

The role of endogenous regucalcin in the regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis activity in the nuclei of regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy was investigated. The addition of regucalcin (0.25 and 0.5 μM) in the reaction mixture caused a significant decrease in the nuclear DNA synthesis activity of normal rat liver. This decrease was also seen in the presence of Ca2+‐chelator EGTA (0.4 mM), indicating that the effect of regucalcin is not related to nuclear Ca2+. Nuclear DNA activity was significantly increased in the presence of anti‐regucalcin monoclonal antibody (10–50 ng/ml) in the reaction mixture. The effect was completely abolished by the addition of regucalcin (0.5 μM). Nuclear DNA synthesis activity was significantly increased at 24, 48, and 72 h after partial heptectomy. The effect of anti‐regucalcin monoclonal antibody (25 ng/ml) in increasing nuclear DNA synthesis activity was significantly enhanced at 24 and 48 h after partial hepatectomy. The presence of staurospone (10−6 M), trifluoperazine (2 × 10−5 M), or PD98059 (10−5 M) in the reaction mixture caused a significant decrease in DNA synthesis activity in the nuclei obtained at 24 after partial hepateactomy. The effect of these inhibitors in the presence of anti‐regucalcin monoclonal antibody (25 ng/ml) was greater than that in the absence of the antibody. The present study suggests that endogenous regucalcin plays a suppressive role in the enhancement of nuclear DNA synthesis activity in regenerating liver with cell proliferation after partial hepatectomy in rats. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 516–522, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and characterization of a negative regulatory element within the epidermal growth factor receptor gene first intron in hormone‐dependent breast cancer cells
Authors: Wilson Melissa A. , Chrysogelos Susan A.
Published: August 2002

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exhibits an inverse correlation with estrogen receptor (ER) expression in the majority of breast cancers, predicting a poor response to endocrine therapy and poor survival rate. Inappropriate overexpression of EGFR in breast cancer is associated with a more aggressive phenotype. Transcriptional regulation is the major regulatory mechanism controlling EGFR overexpression in breast cancer cells. We have identified a region within the first intron of the EGFR gene that mediates transcriptional repression of EGFR gene expression in ER +/low EGFR expressing but not in ER−/high EGFR expressing breast cancer cells. Utilizing transient transfections of homologous and heterologous promoter‐reporter constructs, we localized optimal repressive activity to a 96 bp intron domain. The 96 bp fragment displayed differential DNA‐protein complex formation with nuclear extracts from ER + vs. ER− breast cancer cells. Moreover, factors interacting with this intron negative regulatory element appear to be estrogen‐regulated. Consequently, our results suggest that we have identified a potential mechanism by which maintenance of low levels of EGFR expression and subsequent EGFR upregulation may be attributed to the loss of transcriptional repression of EGFR gene expression in hormone‐dependent breast cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 601–614, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of hydroxyl containing residues in the intracellular region of rat bradykinin B2 receptor in signal transduction, receptor internalization, and resensitization
Authors: Prado Gregory N. , Mierke Dale F. , LeBlanc Thomas , Manseau Marc , Taylor Linda , Yu Jun , Zhang Ran , Pal‐Ghosh Ruma , Polgar Peter
Published: August 2002

In past reports we illustrated the importance of Y131, Y322, and T137 within the intracellular (IC) face of the rat bradykinin B2 receptor (rBKB2R) for signal transduction and receptor maintenance (Prado et al. [1997] J. Biol. Chem. 272:14638–14642; Prado et al. [1998] J. Biol. Chem. 273:33548–33555). In this report, we mutate the remaining hydroxyl possessing residues located within the rBKB2R IC region. Exchange of S139A (IC2) or T239V (IC3) did not affect BK activated phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover or receptor internalization. Chimeric exchange of the last 34 amino acids of BKB2R C‐terminus with the corresponding 34 amino acids of the rat angiotensin II AT1a receptor (rAT1aR), both containing an S/T cluster, resulted in a mutant with normal endocytosis and BK activated PI turnover. A more selective chimera of these S/T clusters, with an exchange of BKB2R (333–351) with a rAT1aR fragment (326–342), resulted in a receptor with a retarded internalization but a normal BK activated PI turnover. Subsequent mutation of rBKB2R T344V showed little change in receptor uptake but a pronounced loss of BK activated PI turnover. The mutation of S335A, S341A, S348A, and S350A resulted in very poor receptor internalization and loss of activated PI turnover. Closer examination of this serine cluster illustrated that the replacement of S348A led to poor internalization; whereas the retention of S348 and mutation of S341A resulted in a receptor with a much greater internalization than WT. These and other results suggest that the presence of S348 promotes internalization while the presence of S341 dampens it. Conversely, S341 and S350 proved important for receptor signaling. In sum, our results illustrate that the distal C‐terminus including its S/T cluster is important for both rBKB2R internalization and signal transduction. Individual S/T residues within this cluster appear involved in either signal transmission or receptor uptake capacity. However, replacement of the entire distal tail region with the corresponding rAT1aR sequence, also containing an S/T cluster, enables the BKB2R/AT1aR chimera to act in a very similar manner to wild type rBKB2R. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 435–447, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppression of cell proliferation and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the cloned rat hepatoma H4‐II‐E cells overexpressing regucalcin
Authors: Misawa Hiroyuki , Inagaki Shyuichiroh , Yamaguchi Masayosi
Published: August 2002

The role of endogenous regucalcin (RC) in the regulation of cell proliferation was investigated in the cloned rat hepatoma H4‐II‐E cells overexpressing RC stably. H4‐II‐E cells were transfected with RC/pCXN2 vector and the multiple neomycin‐resistant clones which overexpress stably RC were selected. The RC content of RC/pCXN2‐transfected cells used in this study was 19.7‐fold as compared with that of the parental wild type H4‐II‐E cells. Wild type H4‐II‐E cells, pCXN2 vector‐transfected cells (mock type), and RC/pCXN2‐transfected cells (transfectants) were cultured for 24, 48, and 72 h in the presence of fetal bovine serum (10% FBS). Cell numbers of wild and mock type were significantly increased with the time course of culture. Cell numbers of transfectants was significantly suppressed as compared with that of wild and mock type. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis activity in the nuclear fraction of H4‐II‐E cells was significantly suppressed in transfectants with culture for 12–48 h. The presence of anti‐RC monoclonal antibody (10–50 ng/ml) in the reaction mixture caused a significant increase in DNA synthesis activity in the nuclei of wild type and transfectants; this increase was remarkable in transfectants. The effect of anti‐RC monoclonal antibody (50 ng/ml) in increasing DNA synthesis activity in transfectants was completely prevented by the addition of regucalcin (1 μM). This study demonstrates that cell proliferation is suppressed in the cloned rat hepatoma H4‐II‐E overexpressing RC stably. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 143–149, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of G3BPs: Tissue specific expression, chromosomal localisation and rasGAP120 binding studies
Authors: Kennedy Derek , French Juliet , Guitard Estelle , Ru Kelin , Tocque Bruno , Mattick John
Published: August 2002

The G3BP (ras‐GTPase‐Activating Protein SH3‐Domain‐Binding Protein) family of proteins has been implicated in both signal transduction and RNA‐metabolism. We have previously identified human G3BP‐1, G3BP‐2, and mouse G3BP‐2. Here, we report the cloning of mouse G3BP‐1, the discovery of two alternatively spliced isoforms of mouse, and human G3BP‐2 (G3BP‐2a and G3BP‐2b), and the chromosomal localisation of human G3BP‐1 and G3BP‐2, which map to 5q14.2‐5q33.3 and 4q12‐4q24 respectively. We mapped the rasGAP120 interactive region of the G3BP‐2 isoforms and show that both G3BP‐2a and G3BP‐2b use an N‐terminal NTF2‐like domain for rasGAP120 binding rather than several available proline‐rich (PxxP) motifs found in members of the G3BPs. Furthermore, we have characterized the protein expression of both G3BP‐1 and G3BP‐2a/b in adult mouse tissues, and show them to be both tissue and isoform specific. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 173–187, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Density functional theory for efficient ab initio molecular dynamics simulations in solution
Authors: Fattebert Jean‐Luc , Gygi François
Published: August 2002

We present a density functional for first‐principles molecular dynamics simulations that includes the electrostatic effects of a continuous dielectric medium. It allows for numerical simulations of molecules in solution in a model polar solvent. We propose a smooth dielectric model function to model solvation into water and demonstrate its good numerical properties for total energy calculations and constant energy molecular dynamics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 662–666, 2002
NMR 3J(C1,H3) couplings in 1‐X‐bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. FPT–DFT and NBO studies of hyperconjugative interactions and heavy atom substituent effects
Authors: Barone Verónica , Peralta Juan E. , Contreras Rubén H.
Published: August 2002

In this work a rationalization of the very large substituent effects on 3J(C1,H3) couplings in 1‐X‐bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes is presented. The Fermi contact contribution to such couplings was calculated in a series of 13 X‐derivatives within the DFT–B3LYP framework using the finite perturbation theory. Core electrons for atoms beyond the Second Row were taken into account using effective core potentials. Calculated couplings are in very good agreement with experimental values. The role played by hyperconjugative interactions involving bonds or antibonds belonging to the coupling pathway are studied using the NBO approach. Heavy atom contribution to substituent effects on 3J(C1,H3) couplings was estimated as small. This contrasts notably with trends observed in the corresponding 13C substituent chemical shifts, SCSs. The latter were estimated comparing for X=Cl, Br, I, SnMe3, calculated SCSs with their experimental values. Such estimations are in line with explicit calculations of the spin‐orbit contribution reported in the literature for smaller compounds. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1615–1621, 2001
On the state of strength‐three covering arrays
Authors: Chateauneuf M. , Kreher D. L.
Published: August 2002

A covering array of size N, strength t, degree k, and order υ is a k × N array on υ symbols in which every t × N subarray contains every possible t × 1 column at least once. We present explicit constructions, constructive upper bounds on the size of various covering arrays, and compare our results with those of a commercial product. Applications of covering arrays include software testing, drug screening, and data compression. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 217–238, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10002
Analysis of 3‐hydroxydodecanedioic acid for studies of fatty acid metabolic disorders: Preparation of stable isotope standards
Authors: Chickos J.S. , Way Barbara A. , Wilson J. , Shaharuzzaman M. , Laird J. , Landt M.
Published: August 2002

Current diagnostic tests to detect disorders of fatty acids metabolism, such as long‐chain hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHAD), are hampered by insensitivity or a long delay time required for results. Children with LCHAD deficiency are known to excrete 3‐hydroxydicarboxylic acids with chain lengths of 10–16 carbons, but a quantitative method to measure excretion of these potentially diagnostically important compounds has not been reported. We report synthetic schemes for synthesis of 3‐hydroxydodecanedioic acid and a di‐deuterated analog, suitable for use in a stable‐isotope dilution mass spectrometric analytical approach. Evaluation of several common derivatization protocols to produce a volatile derivative for gas chromatography determined that trimethylsyl derivatives produced the best efficiency and stability. Positive‐ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry provided the greatest yield of characteristic ions. These results indicate the basic reagents needed to develop sensitive and accurate 3‐hydroxydodecanedioic acid measurements for diagnosis of LCHAD deficiency and other fatty acid oxidation disorders. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:115–120, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid in vitro conversion of fosphenytoin into phenytoin in sera of patients with liver disease: Role of alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Dasgupta Amitava , Schlette Ellen
Published: August 2002

Fosphenytoin, a phosphate ester pro drug of phenytoin, also cross‐reacts with the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for phenytoin. We measured fosphenytoin concentrations using the FPIA kit and TDx analyzer. We prepared serum pools from normal volunteers and patients with liver disease. None of them received either fosphenytoin or phenytoin. Fosphenytoin standard solution (1 mg/ml) was prepared in water. We supplemented aliquots of normal and liver pools with known amounts of fosphenytoin and measured the concentrations at different time intervals. The conversion of fosphenytoin to phenytoin was slow in sera with normal alkaline phosphatase activities. The conversion was rapid in sera collected from patients with liver disease who also had high alkaline phosphatase activities. The observed concentrations were close to target concentrations within 0–2 min of supplementation with fosphenytoin. Surprisingly, the observed concentration then started to decline slightly but significantly with longer incubation time. In contrast, the observed concentration increased steadily in serum with normal alkaline phosphatase activity. For example, in the normal pool supplemented with 15.0 μg/ml fosphenytoin (as the phenytoin equivalent), the observed concentrations were 6.9, 7.3, 7.7, 8.3, and 9.8 μg/ml at 0–2, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min, respectively. However, in a serum pool prepared from patients with liver disease and supplemented with 15.0 μg/ml of fosphenytoin (alkaline phosphatase: 2547 U/l), the observed phenytoin concentrations were 12.9, 12.1, 11.0, 10.7, and 10.7 μg/ml at 0–2, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min, respectively. When we added alkaline phosphatase to the normal serum pool, we observed rapid conversion of fosphenytoin into phenytoin within 10 min, but the concentrations then declined with longer incubation time. However, when we repeated the experiment with protein‐free ultrafiltrate, we observed rapid conversion of fosphenytoin to phenytoin, but the concentration did not decline with longer incubation time. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:244–250, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urinary levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), and renal injuries in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Tashiro Kyouichi , Koyanagi Ichiro , Saitoh Akemi , Shimizu Ayumi , Shike Toshihide , Ishiguro Chizuru , Koizumi Michiko , Funabiki Kazuhiko , Horikoshi Satoshi , Shirato Isao , Tomino Yasuhiko
Published: August 2002

We examined the correlation among the levels of urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), hyperglycemia, and renal injuries in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. The levels of urinary MCP‐1, IL‐8, protein excretion, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (s‐Cr), glycohemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured in 24 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and 14 healthy adults as controls. Diabetic nephropathy was classified into three stages: stage 1 = normoalbuminuric, stage 2 = microalbuminuric, and stage 3 = macroalbuminuric. All of the patients showed normal ranges in renal function tests. Levels of urinary MCP‐1 in all patients with diabetic nephropathy were significantly higher than those in healthy adults (P < 0.05). The levels of urinary MCP‐1 in patients with diabetic nephropathy increased gradually according to the clinical stage of this disease. In contrast, the levels of urinary IL‐8 in patients with diabetic nephropathy increased in stages 2 and 3. There was a significant correlation between the levels of urinary IL‐8 and those of HbA1c. High glucose may stimulate MCP‐1 and/or IL‐8 production and their excretion into the urine independently of the phases or pathological lesions of this disease. It appears that IL‐8 increased in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy, and MCP‐1 increased in the advanced stage of this disease. It was concluded that measurement of urinary MCP‐1 and IL‐8 may be useful for evaluating the degree of renal injuries in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:1–4, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Responding to society's needs: Prescription privileges for psychologists
Authors: Norfleet Mary Ann
Published: August 2002

The health care revolution has contributed to the natural evolution of the role of psychologists. This has led to the necessity for future psychologists to have the authority to prescribe psychotropic medications in order to offer the best‐available, comprehensive treatment to the public. Psychologists' training gives them a unique role in addressing the psychosocial aspects of medical problems, in collaboration with primary‐care physicians. Prescribing psychologists are cost‐effective, many practice in rural areas where people have no other access to mental health care, and they will be able to treat other underserved populations such as the poor, the elderly, the chronically mentally ill, children, and prisoners in the criminal justice system. Prescribing psychologists will have an increasingly prominent role in future health care policy decisions and practice. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 599–610, 2002.
Irrational beliefs, attitudes about competition, and splitting
Authors: Watson P.J. , Morris Ronald J. , Miller Liv
Published: August 2002

Rational–Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) theoretically promotes actualization of both individualistic and social‐oriented potentials. In a test of this assumption, the Belief Scale and subscales from the Survey of Personal Beliefs served as measures of what REBT presumes to be pathogenic irrationalities. These measures were correlated with the Hypercompetitive Attitude Scale (HCAS), the Personal Development Competitive Attitude Scale (PDCAS), factors from the Splitting Index, and self‐esteem. Results for the HCAS and Self‐Splitting supported the REBT claim about individualistic self‐actualization. Mostly nonsignificant and a few counterintuitive linkages were observed for irrational beliefs with the PDCAS, Family‐Splitting, and Other‐Splitting, and these data suggested that REBT may be less successful in capturing the “rationality” of a social‐oriented self‐actualization. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 343–354, 2001.
Psychological issues and treatments for people with diabetes
Authors: Rubin Richard R. , Peyrot Mark
Published: August 2002

This article examines psychological issues and their treatment among people with diabetes. The paper contains two main sections, one dealing with diagnosable clinical disorders, and the other with more mundane but nevertheless important subclinical problems in living with diabetes. We review the published literature on prevalence, manifestation, consequences, and treatment of psychological disorders in persons with diabetes, primarily depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. In describing everyday problems in living with diabetes we expand our sources beyond the published literature to include our own clinical and consulting experiences as well as our unpublished qualitative research. These problems include dietary restrictions, self‐monitoring of blood glucose, taking insulin injections, and lack of support from family and health care professionals. We describe methods for dealing with such problems and discuss the tension between focusing on emotional distress versus practical issues of disease management. Finally, we briefly present some potentially positive consequences of living with diabetes so that readers can be aware of the inspirational aspects of personal experience with this disease. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 457–478, 2001
Syzygy, science, and psychotherapy: The Consumer Reports study
Authors: Howard Kenneth I. , Krause Merton S. , Caburnay Charlene A. , Noel Susan B. , Saunders Stephen M.
Published: August 2002

Results from a Consumer Reports (CR) survey indicated that psychotherapy has proven to be quite effective and that longer‐term therapy has been more effective than shorter‐term therapy. Critiques of the methodology of this study have included the claim that (a) the self‐selected sample was biased in favor of people who felt that they had benefited from psychotherapy, (b) the use of retrospective accounts led to a further positive bias, and (c) the validity of the outcome assessment was questionable. Supplemental data from other sources, including prospective data from a large sample of psychotherapy patients, are presented to augment the interpretation of the results of the CR study and to illustrate how some critiques of research results can be evaluated systematically. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 865–874, 2001.
Is EMDR an exposure therapy? A review of trauma protocols
Authors: Rogers Susan , Silver Steven M.
Published: August 2002

This article presents the well established theoretical base and clinical practice of exposure therapy for trauma. Necessary requirements for positive treatment results and contraindicated procedures are reviewed. EMDR is contrasted with these requirements and procedures. By the definitions and clinical practice of exposure therapy, the classification of EMDR poses some problems. As seen from the exposure therapy paradigm, its lack of physiological habituation and use of spontaneous association should result in negligible or negative effects rather than the well researched positive outcomes. Possible reasons for the effectiveness of EMDR are discussed, ranging from the fundamental nature of trauma reactions to the nonexposure mechanisms utilized in information processing models. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 43–59, 2002.
A case illustration of resistance from a psychodynamic perspective
Authors: Satten Wayne
Published: August 2002

This clinical vignette illustrates a case of resistance during the course of a psychodynamic psychotherapy. The client is a chronically depressed woman struggling to expand beyond her familiar and, in many ways, gratifying role as a “good little girl” who seeks and often obtains reassurance and appreciation from paternalistic figures. She also has become increasingly aware of the cost of rigidly maintaining this role, which inhibits her experience of herself as a competent, assertive, and sexually mature woman. The client is at an advanced stage of her therapy, and in the vignette one sees her working through this conflict by addressing her experience both in her family of origin and in the therapeutic relationship. Her efforts to resolve this core issue, and her concurrent resistances, are exhibited in this presentation. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 139–144, 2002.
Delivering the goods: The importance of screening accuracy for effective community intervention and prevention
Authors: Shenassa Edmond D.
Published: August 2002

The utility and feasibility of community intervention and prevention programs depend greatly on the accuracy by which programs' participants are screened from among community dwellers. This is because indiscriminate application of the program to the entire community benefits only a few, while it can even harm the many others. It is therefore necessary to define and screen a target population so the program can be delivered exclusively to them. Consequently, screening accuracy has implications for the plan, design, and evaluation of community‐based programs. In this manuscript indices of screening accuracy are discussed in the context of screening for substance use, and depression. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves, measurement error, as well as design and evaluation of community programs are also discussed in the context of screening accuracy. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Myocilin is associated with mitochondria in human trabecular meshwork cells
Authors: Wentz‐Hunter Kelly , Ueda Jun , Shimizu Nibuyoshi , Yue Beatrice Y.J.T.
Published: August 2002

The trabecular meshwork (TM) is a specialized tissue located at the chamber angle of the eye next to the cornea. This tissue is believed to be responsible for regulation of the aqueous humor outflow and control of the intraocular pressure (IOP). Alterations in functions of the TM may lead to IOP elevation and development of glaucoma, a major cause of blindness. The myocilin gene has recently been directly linked to open‐angle glaucomas. The gene product was originally identified as a protein inducible in TM cells by treatment with glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (DEX) and termed TIGR (TM inducible‐glucocorticoid response). The exact nature and function of the myocilin protein so far still remain elusive. In this study, myocilin was localized to the perinuclear region of both DEX‐treated and control TM cells. Its distribution overlapped considerably with that of mitochondria. Subcellular fractionation and Western blot analyses suggested a rather extensive association of myocilin with mitochondria. The DEX‐treated TM cells were found to undergo apoptosis, when exposed to anti‐Fas antibody, to a significantly higher degree than the untreated control cells. It appears that the TM cell integrity remains intact after DEX treatment. However, the induced myocilin or myocilin‐mitochondria association seems to render the cells more susceptible to a second stress or challenge. This vulnerability may be the basis that ultimately leads to pathological consequences. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 46–53, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased IRP1 and IRP2 RNA binding activity accompanies a reduction of the labile iron pool in HFE‐expressing cells*
Authors: Roy Cindy N. , Blemings Kenneth P. , Deck Kathryn M. , Davies Paige S. , Anderson Emily L. , Eisenstein Richard S. , Enns Caroline A.
Published: August 2002

Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs), the cytosolic proteins involved in the maintenance of cellular iron homeostasis, bind to stem loop structures found in the mRNA of key proteins involved iron uptake, storage, and metabolism and regulate the expression of these proteins in response to changes in cellular iron needs. We have shown previously that HFE‐expressing fWTHFE/tTA HeLa cells have slightly increased transferrin receptor levels and dramatically reduced ferritin levels when compared to the same clonal cell line without HFE (Gross et al., 1998, J Biol Chem 273:22068‐22074). While HFE does not alter transferrin receptor trafficking or non‐transferrin mediated iron uptake, it does specifically reduce 55Fe uptake from transferrin (Roy et al., 1999, J Biol Chem 274:9022–9028). In this report, we show that IRP RNA binding activity is increased by up to 5‐fold in HFE‐expressing cells through the activation of both IRP isoforms. Calcein measurements show a 45% decrease in the intracellular labile iron pool in HFE‐expressing cells, which is in keeping with the IRP activation. These results all point to the direct effect of the interaction of HFE with transferrin receptor in lowering the intracellular labile iron pool and establishing a new set point for iron regulation within the cell. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 218–226, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel variant isoform of G‐CSF receptor involved in induction of proliferation of FDCP‐2 cells: Relevance to the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Awaya Norihiro , Uchida Hideo , Miyakawa Yoshitaka , Kinjo Kentaro , Matsushita Hiromichi , Nakajima Hideaki , Ikeda Yasuo , Kizaki Masahiro
Published: August 2002

Recent studies have shown that point mutations in granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor receptor (G‐CSFR) are involved in the pathogenesis of severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and in the transformation of SCN to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). It is reasonably speculated that the abnormalities in the signal transduction pathways for G‐CSF could be partly responsible for the pathogenesis and the development to AML in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Therefore, we investigated the structural and functional abnormalities of the G‐CSFR in 14 patients with MDS and 10 normal subjects. In in vitro colony forming assay, MDS samples showed reduced response to growth factors. However, G‐CSF, but not GM‐CSF and IL‐3, enhanced clonal growth in three cases of high risk patients with MDS (RAEB, RAEB‐t, and MDS having progressed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML)) and one low risk patient (RA). Eight out of 14 patients including above 4 patients demonstrated a common deletion of the G‐CSFR cDNA; a deletion of three nucleotides (2128–2130) in the juxtamembrane domain of the G‐CSFR, which resulted in a conversion of Asn630Arg631 to Lys630. To assess the functional activities of this deletion in the G‐CSFR isoform, a mutant with the same three‐nucleotide deletion was constructed by site‐directed mutagenesis. FDCP‐2 cells expressing the G‐CSFR isoform responded to G‐CSF, and exhibited proliferative responses than did those cells having wild‐type G‐CSFR. Moreover, these isoforms showed prolonged activation of STAT3 in response to G‐CSF than did the wild‐type. These results suggest that the deletion in the juxtamembrane domain of the G‐CSFR gives a growth advantage to abnormal MDS clones and may contribute to the pathogenesis of MDS. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapamycin‐sensitive phase of 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte differentiation after clonal expansion
Authors: Gagnon Annemarie , Lau Stephen , Sorisky Alexander
Published: August 2002

Inhibition of insulin‐induced 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte differentiation by rapamycin has been attributed to a blockade of the early critical clonal expansion phase of the adipogenic program. Rapamycin binds to, and inhibits, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), leading to diminution of p70 S6 kinase activity and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (eIF4E‐BP1) function. Our objective was to determine if rapamycin‐sensitive pathways exist subsequent to the clonal expansion phase. We determined that the mitotic clonal expansion was complete by day 4 of the differentiation protocol, based on the response to Ara‐C (cytosine β‐d‐arabinofuranoside), which only inhibits differentiation when administered during this phase. Treatment of differentiating 3T3‐L1 cells with rapamycin, starting on day 4, exerted potent negative effects on glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and triacylglycerol accumulation, as well as on the protein expression of adipogenic transcription factors, C/EBPα and PPARγ. Insulin‐stimulated p70 S6 kinase activity, and its inhibition by rapamycin, were comparable in preadipocytes at day 0 vs. day 4 post‐differentiation. We conclude that a component of the adipogenic program, operating after the completion of clonal expansion, is inhibited by rapamycin, suggesting an ongoing need for mTOR function in this process. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulatory issues for phage‐based clinical products
Authors: Withington Roger
Published: August 2002

Phage‐based therapeutic products are members of a growing and diverse group of products categorised as ‘biologics’, ‘biologicals’ or ‘biotechnological products’. They are regulated in much the same way as conventional drugs although in America they have their own division at FDA, the Centre for Biologics Evaluation and Research, ‘CBER’ (as opposed to ‘CDER’, the corresponding drugs division). The distinction is important because there are significant differences between the two divisions in the amount of toxicological characterisation, clinical testing and manufacturing data that must be submitted for approval. Also, there are important differences in the extent to which multiparty manufacturing arrangements are permitted. There are a number of regulatory issues surrounding phage‐based clinical products that, if addressed early during product development, will not become blocks to progress later on. The regulatory issues arise in part because of the unique nature of phage‐based clinical products and in part because of their intended clinical use.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of an electric field on the transport of Th(IV) in the presence of Eu(III) and U(VI) through supported liquid membrane containing di‐2‐ethylhexylphosphoric acid
Authors: Gasser M S , Zaki E E , Aly H F
Published: August 2002

This paper investigates the transport of Th(IV) ions in nitric acid media through a supported liquid membrane (SLM) impregnated with di‐2‐ethylhexylphosphoric acid (HDEHP) in kerosene using an electric field. The transport was carried out in a three compartment cell fitted with microporous cellulose nitrate (SLM) and cation exchange membrane (Nafion). The effect of different parameters including nitric acid concentration in the feed solution, HDEHP concentration in the membrane, and HCl concentration were studied. The optimal conditions for Th(IV) transport were 0.1 mol dm−3 HDEHP, 10−3 mol dm−3 HNO3 in the feed solution, 1 mol dm−3 HCl in compartment 2 and 1 mol dm−3 HCl in compartment 3 at 25 °C. Under the optimal conditions of Th(IV) transport the recovery factor after 90 min was 0.25 without applying an electrostatic field, compared with 0.9 when the electric field was applied. The effect of electric current on the flux of Th(IV) through the membrane was also studied. The flux increased as the current density increased from 10 to 30 mA cm−2 to reach a maximum value at 30 mA cm−2 (8 × 10−9 g eq cm−2 s−1). The transport percentages of 0.3 g dm−3 Th(IV) in the presence of 0.1 g dm−3 Eu(III) and 1 g dm−3 U(VI) were 66, 84 and 15%, respectively. The determined selectivities of U(VI)–Th(IV) and Th(IV)–Eu(III) were 0.12 and 0.3, respectively, after 90 min. Therefore, the order of selectivity of this system is Eu(III) > Th(IV) > U(VI).

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Advanced oxidation processes for the degradation of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid 2: Photo‐assisted Fenton oxidation
Authors: Beltran J , Torregrosa J , Dominguez J R , Peres J A
Published: August 2002

Oxidation of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid in aqueous solution by the photo‐assisted Fenton reaction (Fe2+ + H2O2 + UV) has been studied. The effects of ferrous ion concentration (0.05, 0.14 and 0.29 mmol dm−3), temperature (10, 20, 30 and 40 °C), and initial hydrogen peroxide concentration (0.7, 1.4, 2.2 and 2.9 mmol dm−3) on the p‐hydroxybenzoic acid conversion were established. Experimental results indicate that the kinetics of this oxidation process fits pseudo‐first‐order kinetics well. The overall kinetic rate constant was split into two components: direct oxidation by UV radiation (photolysis) and oxidation by free radicals (mainly OH·) generated in the system. The importance of these two reaction paths for each specific value of ferrous ion concentration, temperature and initial hydrogen peroxide concentration was evaluated. A semi‐empirical expression is proposed for the overall reaction rate which takes into account both oxidation pathways and is a function of operating variables.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Intensification of the bio‐processing of cotton textiles by combined enzyme/ultrasound treatment
Authors: Yachmenev Val G , Bertoniere Noelie R , Blanchard Eugene J
Published: August 2002

Utilization of highly specific enzymes for various textile‐processing applications is becoming increasingly popular because of their ability to replace harsh organic/inorganic chemicals currently used by the textile industry. Thus, a significant decrease in the amount and toxicity of textile wastewater effluents is achievable. It was established that ultrasound does not inactivate the complex structures of enzyme molecules and as a consequence there was significant improvement in the performance of both cellulase and pectinase enzymes. The experimental data indicate that the maximum benefit provided by sonication occurs at relatively low enzyme concentrations. Ultrasonic energy significantly intensified enzymatic activity on various types of cotton fabrics, but it did not contribute to a decrease in tensile strength. The combined enzyme/sonication treatment of cellulosic textiles offers significant advantages such as less consumption of expensive enzymes, shorter processing time, less fiber damage and better uniformity of treatment.

Published in 2002 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Concentration and separation of glycyrrhizic acid by foam separation
Authors: Ma Jun‐Gang , Xiu Zhi‐Long , Zhang Dai‐Jia , Jia Ling‐Yun
Published: August 2002

By the aid of the surface activities of glycyrrhizic acid, foam separation can be used to extract and concentrate it. The effects of operating parameters such as flow rate of air, initial feed concentration, pH and ionic strength on the enrichment ratio and recovery yield of glycyrrhizic acid are investigated in detail. In addition, the influences of other surface‐active substances in solution, such as proteins, on the separation of glycyrrhizic acid are also discussed. The experimental results show that foam separation is a simple and effective method to separate and concentrate glycyrrhizic acid.

© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
The removal of iron and cobalt from aqueous solutions by ion exchange with Na‐Y zeolite: batch, semi‐batch and continuous operation
Authors: Kim Jong Sung , Keane Mark A
Published: August 2002

The removal of single component and binary mixtures of divalent cobalt and iron from water by ion exchange with synthetic Y zeolite has been studied in batch, semi‐batch and continuous modes of operation; the initial metal solution concentration did not exceed 2 mmol dm−3. Binary Co/Na and Fe/Na ion exchange equilibrium isotherms (294 K) are presented wherein exchange site heterogeneity is evident in the case of the iron treatment. Under conditions of stoichiometric ion exchange, removal efficiencies for both cobalt and iron decrease with increasing metal concentration (0.2–2 mmol dm−3) and the values were similar for both metals. Removal of cobalt under transient conditions was found to be temperature dependent. In the fixed bed operation, break‐through behavior was sensitive to changes in both flow rate and inlet concentration. The break‐through profiles for both metals under competitive and non‐competitive conditions are presented; iron removal is lower in the presence of cobalt and vice versa. An in situ regeneration of the fully loaded zeolite by back exchange with sodium is considered and the exchange capacity of the regenerated zeolite is reported. The feasibility of employing cycles of heavy metal uptake/zeolite regeneration is addressed.

© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Deactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli cells correlated with intracellular superoxide dismutase activity in photoreaction with titanium dioxide particles
Authors: Koizumi Yoshiyuki , Yamada Rumiko , Nishioka Motomu , Matsumura Yoshinobu , Tsuchido Tetsuaki , Taya Masahito
Published: August 2002

In the photoreaction of Escherichia coli IM303 (superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐deficient mutant) and MM294 (wild‐type strain) with TiO2 particles, the viability of strain IM303 decreased linearly with photoreaction time, while the time profile of the viability of strain MM294 exhibited a curved form. Using strain MM294 with varied initial SOD activities, the TiO2 photoreaction tests were conducted at incident light intensities of I0 = 4,8 and 14 W m−2, and the time profiles of bacterial viabilities were analyzed on the basis of the series‐event model. The value of n (corresponding to the step number in the series reaction kinetics described by the model) increased with an increase in initial SOD activity (ASOD,0), giving a mean value of ASOD,0/n = 7.1 × 10−9 U cell−1 under the conditions examined. SOD activities in the cells of strain MM294 with ASOD,0 = 1.9 × 10−8 and 4.0 × 10−8 U cell−1 decreased with the progress of photoreaction conducted at I0 = 14 W m−2. The transition of intracellular SOD activities expressed was in agreement with the observed data by considering the changes in bacterial cell populations with varied SOD activities based on the proposed model.

© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Plantar fibromatosis: Most common sonographic appearance and variations
Authors: Bedi Deepak G. , Davidson David M.
Published: August 2002

Purpose

The aim of this study was to describe the most common sonographic appearances of plantar fibromatosis, thus enabling sonographic diagnosis of this benign, focally invasive fibrous neoplasm.

Methods

The medical records, pathologic reports, and sonographic reports and images of 22 patients with palpable plantar masses were reviewed retrospectively. The sonographic findings were used to characterize those masses with respect to location, shape, size, and echogenicity. Sixteen patients were included in this study because of the proximity of their lesions to the plantar fascia; 6 patients were excluded because their lesions were metatarsophalangeal bursae or ganglia.

Results

The 20 feet examined in the 16 patients studied contained 43 distinct lesions, all located on the surface of the plantar fascia. Thirty‐seven (86%) of the 43 were 20 mm long or less. Thirty‐seven (86%) of the 43 lesions were elongated; the remaining 6 (14%) were round or oval. Twenty‐five (68%) of the 37 elongated lesions had tapered ends, and the other 12 (32%) had rounded ends. Thirty‐one (72%) of the 43 lesions were hypoechoic; 25 (81%) of these 31 measured as long as 10 mm. Ten (83%) of the 12 lesions that had mixed echogenicity were longer than 10 mm.

Conclusions

The lesions of plantar fibromatosis were characteristically located on the surface of the plantar fascia, sagittally elongated, most often less than 20 mm long, fusiform, and hypoechoic. Lesions longer than 10 mm often exhibited mixed echogenicity. The superficial location and appearance should strongly suggest plantar fibromatosis, although careful examination is required to exclude other possibilities, such as sarcoma. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:499–505, 2001.
Computed tomographic and transcranial Doppler sonographic findings in acute and subacute phases of middle cerebral artery strokes
Authors: Leányvári Zsolt , Vastagh Ildikó , Fülesdi Béla , Szirmai Imre , Lengyel András , Csiba László , Bereczki Dániel
Published: August 2002

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivities of visual and densitometric analyses of CT scans and transcranial Doppler sonograms (TCD) in detecting early changes in acute stroke.

Methods

CT and TCD were each performed twice in 12 patients; first in the acute phase (within 28 hours of stroke onset), then in the subacute phase (mean ± standard deviation, 6 ± 3 days after onset) of a stroke. Hypodensity on the CT scans was evaluated visually, and the optical density of both the stroke region and the corresponding region on the unaffected side was measured. Measurement of flow parameters in the middle cerebral artery was carried out with TCD before or shortly (within 4 hours) after CT scanning.

Results

In the acute phase, blood flow velocities were significantly lower on the affected side than they were on the unaffected side (means, 42 ± 13 and 55 ± 25 cm/second, respectively; p = 0.012). Marked asymmetry in flow velocity was found in 3 of the 4 patients who had normal CT scans in the acute phase. The asymmetry in flow velocity disappeared by the sixth day after the stroke. The resistance index did not correlate with the final infarct size.

Conclusions

In some patients, the use of TCD in acute stroke may show alterations that reflect tissue damage that is undetectable on CT. Therefore, CT and TCD should be considered complementary diagnostic tools in the acute phase of stroke. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:33–37, 2002.
Endoanal sonography in the assessment of perianal endometriosis with external anal sphincter involvement
Authors: Hernández‐Magro Paulino Martínez , Villanueva Sáenz Eduardo , Alvarez‐Tostado Fernández Fernando , Luis Rocha Ramírez José , Valdés Ovalle Miguel
Published: August 2002

Endoanal sonography can be used in the assessment of benign and malignant anal conditions and to evaluate the anatomy of the anal sphincters. We used endoanal sonography with a 10‐MHz rotating endocavitary probe to evaluate a 45‐year‐old woman with a perianal mass, fecal incontinence, and menses‐associated perianal pain. She had had 2 vaginal deliveries requiring episiotomies. Biopsy of the mass showed endometrial tissue. The ultrasound examination showed a perianal mass and an external anal sphincter injury. A wide excision and sphincteroplasty were performed, with improvement of fecal continence and pain. Histopathologic examination of the mass confirmed perianal endometrioma in an episiotomy scar. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:245–248, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10055
Diagnosis of an intracranial arteriovenous malformation using extracranial carotid doppler sonography
Authors: Anbarasu Arangasamy , Gould Derek A.
Published: August 2002

Carotid sonography is a well‐established technique in the evaluation of patients with neurologic symptoms. We describe the case of a woman in whom duplex Doppler sonography of the extracranial carotid circulation showed high‐velocity diastolic flow and a low resistance index without turbulence or morphologic abnormality of the artery. A suspected cause of this finding was low‐resistance distal circulation secondary to low‐resistance intracranial circulation due to an arteriovenous malformation. This diagnosis was later confirmed by CT. Because of the significant risk of bleeding associated with an asymptomatic intracranial arteriovenous malformation, duplex Doppler sonographic findings suggesting a low‐resistance waveform in the presence of a morphologically normal carotid artery should prompt further imaging. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:249–252, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10061