bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incredulity toward Heroism: Ackroyd as a Gallant Storyteller against the Heroic Tradition
Authors: Yıldız Nazan
Published: December 2023

Heroism as an unremitting subject conquers and even haunts literature as well as history. Historical and fictitious heroes are guiding spirits of human beings regardless of time and geography. Historians and writers have so sternly adhered to the ideals of heroism that this fascination has been transformed into hero worship dating back to antiquity, bringing heroism to the forefront as a metanarrative in history and literature. Particularly contributing to the undying predicament of literature caught between the ideal and the real, causes of heroism have been largely left unquestioned putting heroes in the shoes of a messiah. Peter Ackroyd (1949-), renowned for his historiographic metafictions fashioned within postmodernism, dares to challenge this unimpeached -ism in The Fall of Troy (2006). In the novel, Ackroyd rewrites the history of Troy and introduces an eccentric half-real hero, Heinrich Obermann, against celebrated heroes of history and literature. Accordingly, this paper reads heroism as a metanarrative and delineates how Ackroyd sketches an atypical hero by acting contrary to traditional heroism and heroic literary tradition in his vibrant postmodern parody, The Fall of Troy.
Hedges and Boosters in 19th century British Fiction
Authors: Yuvayapan Fatma , Peksoy Emrah
Published: December 2023

Hedges and boosters are two important sources of linguistic devices to express tentative evaluations and to mitigate solidarity with readers. Men and women have different tendencies of using these linguistic devices. Women are usually considered to follow a personal and polite style whereas men are more competitive and assertive. Hence, gender-preferential features of women and men are one of the prerequisites of understanding the functions of hedges and boosters. One relatively neglected aspect of gender-based studies of these linguistic devices is fiction. In this paper, we explored male and female English writers’ use of hedges and boosters in HUM19UK Corpus, a corpus of 19th century British fiction. We calculated a statistically significant overuse in the deployment of hedges and boosters by female writers in the 19th century, which is an indication of a new writing style adapted by the female writers in that era. However, the most common items of hedges and boosters were identical in both corpora.
The Recurring Issue of Aviation English Test Validity: Echoes from Test-takers and Assessors of the English for Aviation Language Testing System in Algeria
Authors: Assassi Tarek , Ghodbane Tarek
Published: December 2023

The English for Aviation Language Testing System (EALTS) is one of the international tests for pilots wishing to operate in international airspace. This test presents a wide range of difficulties for Algerian pilots, but little research has been conducted to estimate its validity. This paper seeks to answer two questions: (1) What are test-takers perspectives on the EALTS test construct? and (2) What is the assessors' perception of the testing procedure and test validity? A descriptive study was conducted using qualitative data from a semi-structured questionnaire for ten pilots and a semi-structured interview for three certified assessors and four university researchers. The authors used 'first-hand' data from the targeted sample to cross-check results' validity through triangulation. The results show specific difficulties from an affective dimension, such as stress and anxiety caused by inefficient preparation and unfamiliarity with test tasks. A different interpretation of ICAO descriptions using the rating scale is another issue noted by assessors. Additionally, technical issues with the computer-based listening test and non-compliant features of the test contents with features of the target situation language use are among the main issues noted by both test-takers and assessors.
A Model for Teaching Critical Reading in an ESL Curriculum
Authors: Tshering Ugyen
Published: December 2023

This case study explores one Bhutanese ESL teacher’s implementation of Freebody and Luke’s (1990) four resources model (FRM) to teach critical reading (CR) in his grade-9 English classroom. A semi-structured interview was conducted with the teacher and thematically analysed to understand his initial perspectives on CR and teaching strategies. Based on his initial interview data, the researcher recommended him implementing the FRM to teach a poem of his choice from the grade-9 English curriculum in three lessons. The FRM is organised around four reader roles that engage and empower readers as text decoders, text participants, text analysts and text users. A thematic approach was used to analyse the audio recordings of the teacher’s FRM implementation and written lesson reports. The study also analysed his post-implementation interview data to examine the implications and challenges of using the FRM in ESL classrooms. The study showed that the teacher found the FRM effective and practical, allowing him to scaffold and enhance his students’ knowledge and skills to engage in various forms of meaning construction, learn and analyse language usage, critically engage with the text and promote literacy practices.
The Significance of Victorian England for the Cottagecore Aesthetic
Authors: Jephcote Edgar James Ælred
Published: December 2023

This article contemplates the idyllic imagery of Elizabeth Gaskell's rural texts in relation to the key visual motifs of the Internet aesthetic "cottagecore." Meanwhile, the paper also strives to highlight the importance of both the Victorian era, particularly its literature and art, with regard to this popular Internet aesthetic. With some brief references to influential figures of the age, the cultural timeframe surrounding Gaskell's rural fiction is shown to offer significant historical relevance to the romanticisation of the English country-cottage life. The literary and pictorial texts serve as examples of this cultural process. Considering the author's mostly ornamental use of cottages in Wives and Daughters as well as her employment of floral characterisation, the paper also highlights the visual aesthetics of the cottage art of Helen Allingham and Myles Birket Foster as well as rural depictions made by illustrators of Gaskell's provincial works that display the visual after-life of Gaskell's rural texts.
Clinical evaluation of xerostomia manifestations in young-old and middle-old adults
Authors: Petrova T. G. , Obukhova L. D. , Gerasimenko O. N. , Zvereva T. V. , Ragimova T. M.
Published: December 2023

Relevance. The subjective evaluation and analysis of clinical manifestations and risk factors for the development of xerostomia in young- and middle-old adults living in Novosibirsk and the Novosibirsk region plays a leading role in choosing the treatment strategy for this category of patients.Material and methods. A single-stage open study involved 101 people, of whom 48% (n = 49) were male and 52% (n = 52) were female. The average age of the examined was 66.3 [60.0; 88.0] years; 64 subjects were young-old patients (60.0; 75.0), and 37 subjects were middle-old patients (75.0; 88.0). All examined patients underwent an assessment of their dental status and subjective evaluation of xerostomia severity using the validated Russian version of the "The Summated Xerostomia Inventory" (XI). Xerostomia diagnosis in the study patients included the examination according to "The Challacombe Scale of Clinical Oral Dryness" (CSCOD) and sialometry. Taking records of comorbidities, malnutrition syndrome, systemic medications, and bad habits helped to study the risk factors for xerostomia development.Results. The analysis of the subjective evaluation and signs in older patients most frequently revealed moderate xerostomia. There was a moderate negative correlation between the age of the examined and the salivary secretion rate (ρ = -0.578, p < 0.01). Women more often showed severe xerostomia (p < 0.001). The examination of 87.6% of the subjects revealed xerostomia manifestations, confirmed by clinical signs and laboratory data. In 12.4% of patients with complaints and clinical signs of x erostomia, sialometry did not confirm xerostomia.Conclusion. The study results showed a decrease in the secretion rate in older patients with age. In women, complaints and clinical and laboratory signs of xerostomia were more pronounced. Patients' subjective assessment of dry mouth manifestations did not always correspond to the xerostomia clinical and laboratory diagnostic data. The prevalence of xerogenic risk factors was established in young-old and middle-old patients.
ANALISIS KEHILANGAN PRODUKSI KERNEL PADA LIGHT TENERA DRY SEPARATOR (LTDS) II PT. ABCDE
Authors: Ilmannafian Adzani Ghani , Herliyana Herliyana
Published: December 2023

Pabrik pengolahan kelapa sawit (PKS) Koperasi Sawit Makmur PT ABCDE terletak di Desa Tajau Mulya, Kecamatan Batu Ampar, Kabupaten Tanah Laut. Proses pengolahan kelapa sawit terdiri dari beberapa stasiun antara lain Stasiun penerimaan, stasiun perebusan, stasiun penebah, stasiun press, stasiun klarifikasi, stasiun nut dan kernel. Pemisahakan kernel dengan cangkang yang telah di pecah dilakukan dengan pemisahan kering dan pemisahan basah.Pemisahan kering dilakukan dengan Light Tenera Dry Separator (LTDS). LTDS merupakan alat yang berfungsi untuk memisahkan antara kernel,nut, dan fiber yang masih terikut selama proses pengelolahan.Dari pengamatan yang dilakukan terdapat losses pada inti/kernel yang ada pada LTDS II kehilangan kernel selama bulan Oktober-Desember 2022 melebihi target yaitu diatas 2,5% dan losses tertinggi pada bulan Desember dengan rata- rata kernel losses 3,02, hal ini disebabkan karena faktor  bahan baku, manusia dan mesin.
Prescribed Performance Control of a Human-Following Surveillance Robot with Incomplete Observation
Authors: Zhang Meiping , Chi Zixin , Yang Zhaohui , Mohammed Samer , Huang Jian
Published: December 2023

For people with lower limb muscle weakness, effective and timely rehabilitation intervention is essential for assisting in daily walking and facilitating recovery. Numerous studies have been conducted on rehabilitation robots; however, some critical issues in the field of human-following remain unaddressed. These include potential challenges related to the loss of sensory signals for intention recognition and the complexities associated with maintaining the relative pose of robots during the following process. A human-following surveillance robot is introduced as the basis of the research. To address potential interruptions in motion signals, such as data transmission blockages or body occlusion, we propose a human walking intention estimation algorithm based on set-membership filtering with incomplete observation. To ensure uninterrupted user walking and maintain an effective aid and detection range, we propose a human-following control algorithm based on prescribed performance. The experiment verifies the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The proposed intention estimation algorithm achieves continuous and accurate intention recognition under incomplete observation. The control algorithm presented in this paper achieves constrained robot following with respect to the relative pose.
Sensitivity of Ocean Heat Content to Various Instrumental Platforms in Global Ocean Observing Systems
Authors: Cheng Lijing
Published: December 2023

The global ocean observing system (GOOS) is an integrated system comprising various instrumental platforms distributed in different geographical locations and observing different climate regimes; this system is fundamental for monitoring ocean warming and climate change. This study investigated the impact of different instrument platforms on global and regional ocean heat content (OHC) estimates from 2005 to 2020 with a series of sensitivity tests, where data from one specific instrument were removed from GOOS in each test. Removing Argo, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD), eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBT), Autonomous Pinniped data (APB), Mooring and Drifting Buoys (MRB), and Glider (GLD) data led to a global 0- to 2,000-m OHC standard deviation of 18.3, 3.0, 2.8, 2.3, 1.2, and 1.2 ZJ, respectively, compared with the full-data estimate. We quantitatively verified that Argo was a central part of the GOOS since ~2005, although each system contributed substantially to climate monitoring. Argo, CTD, and XBT have near-global impacts, while the impacts of APB, MRB, and GLD are critical in specific regions, highlighting the importance of GOOS integration. The addition of the MRB to the GOOS leads to a marked positive OHC offset in the tropics, and the addition of the CTD to the GOOS leads to a systematically cold OHC offset in the boundary currents and Antarctic Circumpolar Current regions. Additionally, this study suggested the use of a better metric for effective data coverage than for determining the amount of data needed to indicate the capability of GOOS for climate monitoring. The implications for improving the current generation gap-filling method are also discussed, highlighting the importance of dealing with narrow current systems and eddy-rich regions.
Novel Cancellation Techniques and Throughput Analysis for 6G Full-Duplex Wireless System
Authors: Wu Di , Wang Jingyao , Zhang Yifei , Du Dunwei , Wan Ziwei , Qiao Li , Qin Tong
Published: December 2023

Recent researches show that it is possible to achieve full-duplex system if the self-interference signal could be cancelled completely for 6G research. The majority of the overall self-interference cancellation is contributed by passive cancellation. The lowest complexity cancellation technique is digital cancellation. Therefore, this paper presents a novel passive cancellation technique based on multi-path effect and a novel digital cancellation method considering nonlinearity factor in full-duplex system. Therein, for passive cancellation method, theoretical analysis is presented and practical experiments show that it can achieve about 50 dB only in 10-cm space. For digital cancellation method, a model based on practical platform is given and it can achieve about 30 dB under high transmit power. In addition, two relay schemes based on full-duplex for two-way relay channel called FD-DF (full-duplex decode-and-forward) and FD-AF (full-duplex amplify-and-forward) are presented. Two proposed schemes can nearly double the system throughputs especially in high signal-to-noise radio regions compared with traditional AF scheme.
Basic Econometrics: Study E Material
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Econometrics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, M. Chitra
Published: December 2023

This book is a guide for students who are studying econometrics as a course in their programme, There are 5 modules or units in this study material. The first unit explicate from the origin of econometrics, meaning, definition, need econometrics as a separate discipline, the scope of econometrics, Methodology of Econometrics, Reasons for introduction of stochastic error term, the difference between economic and econometric model and limitation. The second unit depicts about the simple linear regression in the aspects of its assumptions, derivations of its estimation of parameter value, properties and its technical note, applications of simple linear regression with examples. The third unit is the extension of simple linear regression as multiple regression with basic input with examples for applying in reality. The fourth unit briefly explains the violations of assumptions such as multicollinearity, homesecdasticity, autocorrelation, and specification errors in the aspects of causes, consequences, way of diagnostic the presence or absence and the remedies to rectify the issues. The fifth module or unit introduces about the qualitative response models with dummies, distributed lag models with importance’s of lag, analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, comparison of analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. The last unit attempted to explain about the free open source software Gretel to apply in need of finding solution to an economic phenomenon. The Glossary is attached in the annexure for a better understanding the terminology of econometrics which will support to face multiple choice questions of any competitive examinations in national and state level. In Simple words, this book is a guide to get the knowledge of econometrics and apply the same into reality wherever necessary.
A Survey of Blockchain in Governance: Framework Selection and Future Implementation in Indonesian Government
Authors: Noman Eltyasar Putrajati , Djoko Budiyanto Setyohadi
Published: December 2023

Blockchain technology enables users to connect without the need for a third party or central server. This is achieved through the use of a decentralized system, ensuring that all data and information transacted are encrypted, verified, validated, and stored using mathematical consensus algorithms. This leads to blockchain being recognized as a technology characterized by decentralization, security, anonymity, transparency, immutable data, and trust. Blockchain is frequently associated with digital currency, although digital currency is just one of the outcomes of applying blockchain technology, resulting in cryptocurrencies. Currently, blockchain technology is a trend among academics and practitioners who are researching and developing blockchain technology for application in various domains, including government. Government systems and public servants often encounter issues related to data security. Hence, the research has the purpose to offer comprehension and perspectives on implementing blockchain technology within the government sector to enhance public service information security. The research was carried out by reviewing Scopus-indexed international articles published between 2019 and 2023, which are relevant to frameworks, consensus algorithms, and applications employed in the governmental domain. The research outcomes revealed that the Hyperledger Fabric framework, coupled with the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm, is the most suitable option for potentially developing blockchain-based government or public service applications for future implementation. Regarding this research, there are future challenges in the form of constructing prototypes and evaluating their effectiveness and efficiency. Therefore, further research and development efforts are essential to ensure that the application of blockchain technology in the government sector can be realized as required in the future.
Typology of People in Relation to Flying and Future Development of Environmental Crisis
Authors: Dobeš Marek
Published: December 2023

The present paper introduces a typology of individuals in relation to flying, categorizing them as Aviation Enthusiasts, Comfort Travelers, Anxious Travelers, Functional Travelers, Adventurous Travelers, or Environmentalists. We explore these categories in the context of potential changes in air travel prompted by the unfolding environmental crisis.
Empirical research with judicial officers: The biography of a research project
Authors: Roach Anleu Sharyn , Mack Kathy
Published: December 2023

This article examines the history of a large multi-year, national empirical research project into the Australian judiciary undertaken by the two co-authors. We consider the different phases of the project, discuss what worked and what did not, and offer some suggestions for future research involving judicial officers and their courts. The research project entailed negotiating collaboration with and access to judicial officers and court staff on a national, state and local basis. Reflecting on this experience confirms the importance of collaboration with the courts and judiciary and researcher independence from them. Collaboration provides extensive access, supporting a long term, multi-method research design, and providing findings that are original, robust and valuable to the judiciary. It is equally important to maintain researcher independence: to ensure that courts and government commit to researcher control of data, its analysis and application, recognising that the courts cannot censor findings, presentations or publications. Collaboration and independence require generating and maintaining long term relationships, so that research leads to robust original scholarship that benefits judicial officers, courts, and the publics they serve.
APPLICATION OF ARCH/GARCH MODELS IN ANALYSIS OF PRICE VOLATILITIES LOCAL, IMPORTS (USA), AND WORLD
Authors: Zahira Azkiya Naura , Zainuddin Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Soybeans are one of Indonesia’s strategis agricultural commodities. Soybean prices fluctuation due to high demand and low stock of soybeans. This study was conducted to determine the behavior of local soybean prices in Indonesia, imported soybeans from the USA, and world soybeans. This study uses monthly soybean price time series data from January 2017 to March 2022 for local and world soybean price data and for imported soybean price data (USA) from January 2018 to March 2022. The data is obtained from the Kementrian Perdagangan, UN Comtrade, and the World Bank. The research method used is the ARCH/GARCH analysis method. The result of this study is the estimation of the GARCH model on the volatility of local soybean prices in Indonesia, imported soybeans (USA), and world soybeans obtained the GARCH (1,1) model. Based on the GARCH (1,1) model, the price of local soybeans in Indonesia is more volatile than the price of imported soybeans (USA) and the price of world soybeans is more volatile than the price of imported soybeans (USA). The prices of local soybeans in Indonesia, imported soybeans, and world soybeans are more volatile after the Covid-19 pandemic than before the Covid-19 pandemic. Future forecasts of local soybean prices in Indonesia, imported soybeans, and world soybeans are predicted to increase with the highest price in December 2024 of IDR 15,391.21 for local soybeans, IDR 11,303.92 for imported soybeans, and IDR 12,069.11 for world soybeans. This price forecast can be used as a reference by the government in planning soybean import policies.
“Mar das Tormentas” sob a perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais
Authors: MACIEL Souza Maria Ellem
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de propor uma análise do poema A ilha dos navios perdidos, de Joaquim Namorado, e da canção Canto dos torna-viagem, de José Mario Branco, na perspectiva da teoria pós-colonial e da teoria crítica da raça. Através de contextualização histórica e revisão bibliográfica, apresentarei as principais teorias que contribuem para o entendimento da questão colonial no que diz respeito à identidade dos sujeitos envolvidos, durante e após este processo, as quais servirão de base à análise das obras artísticas destacadas.
Adli Yaş Tahminine Yönelik Web of Science Veritabanında Yer Alan Araştırma Çalışmaların Bibliometrik Analizi
Authors: AYVAT ÖCAL Zeynep , BAKICI Rukiye Sümeyye , MERAL Orhan , ÖNER Zülal , ÖNER Serkan
Published: December 2023

Amaç: Günümüzde yaş tahmini, biyolojik profil oluşturulmasında yararlanılan, adli bilimlerde kim-liklendirme amacıyla sıklıkla kullanılan ve önemli veriler sunan bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ISI Web of Knowledge-Science veritabanında yer alan yaş tahmini konusundaki eserlerin biblio-metrik analizini yaparak, disiplinler arası etkileşim ve araştırma trendlerini belirlemeye yönelik öneriler sunmaktır.
Materyal ve metod: WoS veritabanında yer alan eserler arasından başlığında "age" sözcüğü ve bunun yanı sıra “estimation”, “determination”, “prediction” veya “assessment” sözcüklerinden herhangi birini içeren makaleler tespit edilmiştir. Veritabanının filtreleme özelliğinden yararlanılarak bu makalelerin yazım dili, yayın yılı, yayınlandığı dergi, makalenin yazarları, yazar kurumları, çalışmala-rın yapıldığı ülke ve makalelere yapılan atıf sayısı ile çalışmaların finansal destek alıp almadığı araştı-rıldı.
Bulgular: -Çalışmamız kapsamını oluşturan 1020 makalenin, (n=990,%97.1) kadarının İngilizce olarak yayınlandığı, eserlerin yayınlandığı günden bugüne toplam 23704 atıf aldığı, incelenen makalelerin (n=993,%97.4) kadarının SCI-E kapsamında indekslenen dergilerde yer aldığı ve en çok çalışmanın (n=145, %10.4) makale ile Almanya’da yapıldığı bilgisine ulaşıldı.
Sonuç: Çalışma verileri, WoS veritabanında yer alan makalelerin analiz edilmesi sonucu elde edilen veriler ışığında ülkeler, kurumlar ve araştırmacıların adli yaş tahmini konusundaki bibliometrik analizini ortaya koymaktadır. Sunulan çalışma, bu alanda yapılan ilk çalışma niteliğindedir. Elde edilen bilgiler araştırmacılar, akademisyenler ve diğer paydaşlar için değerli bir kaynak olabilir ve gelecekteki yaş tahmini araştırmalarının yönlendirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir.
Teaching-learning of the relevance of sustainability through an educational escape room designed for the field of economics and business
Authors: Paz Gil Iria , Prado Roman Alberto , Prado Roman Miguel
Published: December 2023

Sustainability is a key concept in business management. However, it is often confused with neighbouring terms, which hinders its correct understanding and, therefore, its correct application as a business model. In addition, there are no official curricula on the subject in the specific field of economics and business, so that current students do not receive the necessary training to be able to manage organisations, including companies, in a sustainable way in the near future. To fill this gap, a gamified didactic activity (an educational escape room) was designed with the main objective of familiarising participants with the concept of sustainability in this field. The results show a high level of satisfaction, as well as the suitability of the activity for training in the subject. The discussion concluded that although this tool, and gamification in general, is very interesting for transmitting new knowledge and consolidating previous knowledge (beyond the usual motivation), it requires a considerable investment of time and effort that the teacher, forced by multiple tasks, does not always have available.
Educación para la Sostenibilidad en Economía de la Empresa: Retos y Experiencias
Authors: Aparicio de Castro Gloria , Catalán Martínez Elena , Maseda Amaia
Published: December 2023

Conscientes de la necesidad de establecer alianzas con otras universidades y de compartir experiencias con otros compañeros y compañeras de nuestro ámbito que nos permitan seguir avanzando en la configuración de itinerarios específicos para los estudios de Economía y Empresa, surge este número especial de la revista Journal of Management and Business Education (JMBE), cuyo título es, en sí mismo, una declaración de intenciones: Educación para la Sostenibilidad en Economía de la Empresa: Retos y Experiencias. Los seis trabajos que componen este número especial de JMBE analizan casos concretos y experiencias prácticas que ilustran cómo se está integrando la sostenibilidad en las estrategias formativas de diversos centros y titulaciones universitarias del Estado español. Los mismos exploran los retos, las experiencias y las oportunidades que emergen de la intersección entre sostenibilidad y formación en Economía y Empresa, en un mundo cada vez más consciente de la importancia de alcanzar un desarrollo económico equitativo, socialmente responsable y respetuoso con el medio ambiente. Los trabajos seleccionados exploran las herramientas, métodos y modelos educativos que han emergido para que, el alumnado de las FEE, cuente con los conocimientos y habilidades necesarias para enfrentarse a los complejos desafíos que plantea la sostenibilidad en la actualidad. Se exploran también las estrategias pedagógicas, herramientas y metodologías educativas que pueden ser empleadas para promover una comprensión profunda de los principios de la sostenibilidad en el contexto económico y empresarial, fomentando así una visión holística que abarque aspectos económicos, sociales y medioambientales en la toma de decisiones corporativas.
MANIPULATIVE SPEECH TACTICS IN ENGLISH BUSINESS MEDIA DISCOURSE: FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Radyuk Alexandra V. , Panicheva Elena V. , Djagatspanyan Olga A.
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the manipulative potential of speech means of English business discourse in the media space. The study is a relevant topic, since the concept of business media discourse as a separate type of discourse has not yet been singled out. The material of the study comprised the public speeches of businessmen, commercial staff and economists for the period of 2021-2023. The authors resort to the method of functional discourse analysis, which substantiates the selection of speech means by a communicative purpose. At the same time, it is assumed that the goals can be main / secondary, open / hidden. The dynamics of the study of speech influence means in linguistics is described. As a result of the study, it was possible to identify speech tactics to enhance the manipulative impact and tactics to counteract speech manipulation: distracting questions; unwillingness to answer questions; pause before answering; question to question; refusal to explain; indignation over a minor issue; sudden change in behavior. The author comes to the conclusion that the study of the functional and pragmatic properties of business speech and the peculiarities of its implementation in media conditions can enrich the communicative competence of specialists.
VERBAL AGGRESSION IN THE LANGUAGE OF MEDIA: FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF A HEADER COMPLEX
Authors: Sibul Victoria
Published: December 2023

The article considers a multidimensional phenomenon - verbal aggression, which includes social, political, psychological components. Mass media form a culture of relationships, influence behavior and intelligence of any society. They also shape public opinion by manipulating consciousness of the audience with a whole arsenal of linguistic means, one of which is verbal aggression. The paper considers the reasons for the appearance of this phenomenon in the language media, its interpretations, and forms of expression, including the method, intensity, purposefulness. The use of the discredit strategy is analyzed, which is formed explicitly or implicitly, starting with title and subheading by different language means. We identified communication tactics within the strategy of discredit represented by tactics of direct and indirect accusation, opposition, solidarity, rejection action and others. Most attention is paid to a header complex and its function in realization of discredit strategy.
CHILDREN'S ABILITY TO PERCEIVE LANDSCAPE AND CREATE A CONNECTION WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Januskiene Egle , Kamicaityte Jurate
Published: December 2023

Although the historical changes in children's perceptions of the landscape have not been studied in depth, according to the different authors, this topic is of great importance for understanding children's perceptions of the environment and the factors influencing these perceptions, as well as for understanding which urban environments are best suited to meet children's needs. This study aims to determine the changes in children's ability to perceive and explore landscapes in a historical context. The main findings are obtained using studies of artwork content and literature systemic analysis. This research has indicated the most important sociocultural factors, such as social reforms, the establishment of compulsory education, and changes in the attitudes of parents that influenced children's perception of the landscape in different historical periods, and how, considering these aspects, children's relationship with the natural environment has changed. Today, children spend more and more time indoors and in virtual environments, and due to that their relationship with the natural environment is getting weaker compared to historical times. The results of this study underline that children have little options to engage with natural settings in today's cities, which are not safe enough. As a result, children go to virtual spaces that provide opportunities to have the experiences they want. This research has also highlighted the importance of understanding what places and environments were important to children when they were still able to experience them independently and applying this knowledge to create a city suitable for children to grow up in.
TOWARDS CREATIVE CRITIQUE: A PROPOSAL FOR A CRITICAL COURSE IN INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE EDUCATION
Authors: Yaman Sibel , Koca Duygu
Published: December 2023

This study highlights the importance of criticism in the practice and education of interior design. Unlike other disciplines related to the visual arts, the fact that the discipline of interior architecture has not developed a separate and distinct intellectual whole with its own rules has affected the place of criticism in both the profession and education. Therefore, in order to be a step towards the elimination of these deficiencies, different approaches that could be a source for the development of interior architecture criticism have been studied. These approaches have been re-evaluated, taking into account the requirements of interior design itself, and an exemplary model of interior architecture criticism has been created.
Criticism in interior architecture education, which is another important issue addressed by the study, has an important potential to train qualified designers who examine the basic dynamics of the profession and have a critical perspective. Therefore, the existence of a critique course, which can analyze design studies in a contextual framework, is not seen as a common educational necessity. In this context, a proposal for a critique course consisting of 4 modules has been prepared for the 4th year of undergraduate interior architecture education, using this model critique.
Due to the course proposal developed, it is expected that the students will have a better command of the design process as a result of examining the meaning and requirements of interior spaces with different methods. Through the applications made in the course, it is intended to provide students with the ability to consider space from all aspects. As a result, it aims to contribute to the formation and development of the critical culture necessary to define the boundaries of the discipline, the development of the profession and the field of application.
CZECH LITERARY CRITICISM FROM THE EXILE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Slamova Karolina
Published: December 2023

The paper deals with the exile view of Czech literary criticism in the past decades, reflected in two essays: one by Igor Hajek, and the other one by Kvetoslav Chvatik. Igor Hajek (1931�1995), a Czech literary critic, who went to exile in 1969, played a significant role in presenting Czech literature abroad. Kvetoslav Chvatik (1930�2012) was a Czech philosopher, aesthetician, art historian, and literary theorist. Hajek taught at universities in the English-speaking world, while Chvatik worked in a German-speaking environment. Two periods are covered and compared in the paper: the first period, the period of pluralistic democracy and the resulting cultural structure when the literary criticism contributed to the fact that Czech literature reached the European level, and the period after February 1948 when the ruling ideology started to interfere in the development of literature. Two completely contradictory conceptions are described showing the radical changes that took place in literary criticism after 1948. The text looks at the role of literary criticism in an era when plurality of opinion is possible, and at the impact of the suppression of freedom of speech on the work of literary critics. It also shows how the process of the shift of literary criticism towards its true function in the spirit of democratising tendencies had gradually won its way.
EWALD MURRER AND HIS POETRY ABOUT A DISAPPEARING CULTURAL REGION IN CENTRAL EUROPE
Authors: Pilar Martin
Published: December 2023

The contemporary Czech poet using the pseudonym Ewald Murrer (born in 1964 in Prague) used to be a representative of Czech underground literature before 1989. Then he became one of the most specific and original artists of his generation. The present essay deals with his very successful collection of poetry called The Diary of Mr. Pinke (1991, English translation published in 2022). Between the world wars, the most Eastern part of Czechoslovakia was so-called Subcarpathian Ruthenia (or Karpatenukraine in German). This rural and somewhat secluded region neighbouring Austrian Galicia (or Galizien in German) in the very West of Ukraine and the South- East of Poland used to be a centre of Jewish culture using mainly Yiddish and inspired by local folklore. The poems of Ewald Murrer are deeply rooted in the imagery of Jewish and Rusyn fairy tales and folk songs. While Marc Chagall, the famous French painter (coming from today�s Byelorussia), discovered these old sources of Jewish art for European Modernism, Ewald Murrer uses the same sources but his approach to literary creation can be seen as much more post-modern: he uses but at the same time also re-evaluates old myths and archetypes of this region with both a lovely kind of humour and more serious visions of Kafkaesque absurdity that are probably unavoidable in Central Europe. The fictional and highly poetic diary of Mr. Pinke is highly significant as a sophisticated revival of the almost forgotten culture of a Central European region that almost definitely stopped existing after the tragic times of the Holocaust and Stalinism.
Pemberdayaan Perempuan Masyarakat Tolaki Berbasis Home Industri melalui Kerajinan Kain Perca sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Ekonomi Keluarga
Authors: Ipandang Ipandang
Published: December 2023

Pemberdayaan didenfinisikan sebagai proses dimana pihak yang  tidak  berdaya bisa mendapatkan kontrol yang lebih banyak terhadap kondisi atau keadaan dalam kehidupanya. Kontrol ini meliputi kontrol terhadap berbagai macam sumber (mencakup fisik dan intelektual) dan ideologi meliputi (keyakinan, nilai dan pemikiran).Metode yang digunakan yaitu 1] metode pendampingan 2] langkah langkah tahapan pendampingan, hasil yang diharapkan 1] bisa bedampak pada masyarakat 2] bisa berdampak pada keilmuan,pembahasanya 1] isu dan fokus pemberdayaan, 2] tujuan, 3] alasan memilih dampingan, 4] kondisi subjek dampingan, 5] output pendampingan yang diharapkan, diseminasinya yaitu 1] mitra SDM, 2] supplier, 3] lokasi, 4] eksperimen, 5] spesifikasi produk, 6] segmentasi pasar. Pemberdayaan perempuan menjadi strategi penting dalam meningkatkan peran dan potensi diri agar lebih mampu untuk mandiri dan berkarya. Dengan adanya pemberdayaan wanita berbasis home industri dalam mengkreasikan kain perca, diharapkan mampu meningkatkan taraf  perekonomian masyarakat dari yang awalnya lemah menjadi satu atau dua tingkat lebih tinggi dari level sebelumnya, sekaligus menekan angka / prosentase terbuangnya waktu untuk hal yang kurang positif dan tidak berdaya guna (ngerumpi) menjadi waktu yang produktif, kreatif dan inovatif.

Empowerment is defined as a process whereby parties who are powerless can gain more control over the conditions or circumstances in their lives.  This control includes control over a variety of sources (including physical and intellectual) and ideology includes (beliefs, values ​​and thoughts). The method used is 1) mentoring method 2) step by step stages of mentoring, expected results 1) can have an impact on society 2  ] can have an impact on science, the discussion is 1] issues and focus on empowerment, 2] objectives, 3] reasons for choosing assistance, 4] conditions for assisted subjects, 5] expected output of assistance, dissemination, namely 1] HR partners, 2] suppliers, 3]  location, 4] experiment, 5] product specification, 6] market segmentation.  Empowering women is an important strategy in increasing the role and potential of themselves so that they are more able to be independent and work. With the empowerment of women based on the home industry in creating patchwork, it is expected to be able to increase the economic level of the community from initially weak to one or two levels higher than the previous level, as well as to reduce the number / percentage of time wasted on things that are less positive and useless (huddling) is a productive, creative and innovative time.
THE EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY OF BACKEND TECHNOLOGIES: EXPRESS, DJANGO, AND SPRING BOOT
Authors: Choma Dominik , Chwaleba Kinga , Dzieńkowski Mariusz
Published: December 2023

Increasing popularity of web applications has led to the development of many technologies that enable their production, both on the client and server side. This article attempts to compare three most popular server-side frameworks – Django, Spring Boot and Express. Each of the selected technologies is based on a different programming language. These frameworks were compared in terms of request processing time and reliability. Within the conducted research three backend applications handling HTTP requests were created, all of them using the same database consisting of employees’ data. Afterwards, a series of load tests was performed to determine levels of efficiency and reliability of created applications for various numbers of virtual users sending requests to the server at the same time. Five test cases with the following number of requests: 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, and 16000 were planned and performed for each type of HTTP requests handled by the server simultaneously. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the Spring Boot framework was the best in terms of request processing time and high reliability. However, it was noted that for many test cases under extreme load, it had a significantly higher percentage of incorrectly processed requests compared to the Express application, even though the application was noticeably slower. The worst results were observed for Django because the test application created for this framework revealed the longest requests processing time and the highest error rate during processing requests out of the three tested applications. The performed studies helped to determine the efficiency and reliability of the tested technologies at various levels of load. Furthermore, the studies were crucial in obtaining knowledge about the evaluated frameworks as well as their properties and formulating conclusions that will be able to help the developers choose technologies before the implementation of their programming projects.
INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSTIC COMPETITIVENESS OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY OF THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Matviichuk Liudmyla , Liutak Olena , Dashchuk Yuliia , Lepkiy Mykhailo , Sidoruk Svitlana
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this article is to study the main problems and prospects of ensuring the competitiveness of the hospitality industry of the regions of Ukraine in modern conditions, taking into account international experience in the context of deepening integration ties. The work carried out a diagnosis of the level of competitiveness of the hospitality industry of the regions of Ukraine, based on the developed information system of indicators for assessing the conditions of the competitiveness of the hospitality industry of the region and the formed matrix of the competitiveness of the hospitality industry of the region. A comparison was made of the conditions for ensuring competitiveness, the level of competitive advantages and the level of competitiveness of the hospitality industry of the regions of the state in the pre-war period, as well as the diagnosis of the competitiveness of the hospitality industry of the regions of the state was carried out. The positions of the regions in the pre-war and war periods in terms of the level of competitiveness and availability of tourism potential were determined. A matrix for the selection of target indicators of the integration strategy of regions of Ukraine that have preserved their tourist potential is proposed. The results of the study revealed the main problems of ensuring the competitiveness of the hospitality industry in the regions of Ukraine, and highlighted the potential prospects of the studied processes taking into account the conditions of European integration.
The German Loan to the USSR in Bilateral Negotiations and from the Position of the Western Powers
Authors: Trusova Maria
Published: December 2023

The early 1920s was a period of restoration of the states that had participated in the First World War. In Soviet Russia, this process took place within the framework of the New Economic Policy, which required, among other things, investing foreign capital. After the October Revolution of 1917, the Soviet government cancelled the debts of the tsarist and provisional governments. The discussion of debts between Soviet Russia and Entente countries did not lead to a mutually acceptable solution. Germany became one of the first countries, that established economic and then politic relations with the soviet government. That is why, Germany became one of the most important economic partners of Soviet Russia and later of the USSR. The article is devoted to the problem of granting loan to the USSR by Germany. The author reveals the difficulties and contradictions that accompanied the negotiation process, as well as the position of Great Britain and the United States in relation to the German-Soviet credit negotiations.
The Attitude of the German Humanists of the XVI Century
to the Catholic Church
Authors: Filatova Sofia
Published: December 2023

The article examines the works of German humanists of the XVI century. The author studies the attitude of the German humanists of the XVI century to the Catholic Church. The analysis of the historical context and characteristic features of German humanistic thought in the XVI century is made, as well as the positions of the leaders of the humanistic and reformation movement in relation to the Catholic Church are considered. The article emphasizes that German humanists showed a critical attitude towards the church, condemning its theological errors and shortcomings in practice. At the same time, the author points out, that humanists did not deny the importance of the church and its role in society, but tried to achieve its reformation and improvement. The article shows that humanists treated the Catholic Church ambiguously, their views on its role and significance in society were peculiar. German humanists

in the XVI century were critical of the Catholic Church, but did not reject its teachings as a whole. They sought to identify and rid the church of vicious practices. Overall, the article is of interest to anyone studying the history of the church and humanistic thought in the XVI century.