bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escritura, encarnação, temporização: Merleau-Ponty e Derrida acerca de A origem da Geometria
Authors: Alloa Emmanuel
Published: September 2014

A história intelectual do século XX tem sido escrita ao longo de um cenário que vê, na morte de Merleau-Ponty em 1961, a linha de divisória entre uma geração existencial e fenomenológica e o evento do estruturalismo imediatamente subsequente. A publicação das notas de leitura de Merleau-Ponty sobre o texto A origem da geometria, de Edmund Husserl,  tem  mostrado  quão  frágeis  são  os  alicerces desta  leitura  simplificadora.  Na verdade,  enquanto  a tradução  e  introdução  de  Derrida  ao  texto  de  Husserl, de  1962, tornavam-se  um  texto  fundamentador  para  a geração  estruturalista, introduzindo  uma reflexão sobre a historicidade e a materialidade da idealidade, foi apenas em 1998, com a publicação das notas da conferência de Merleau-Ponty no Collège de France, em 1959, sobre o mesmo tópico, que se tornou claro quão próximo está o primeiro Derrida do último Merleau-Ponty. Assim como Derrida, Merleau-Ponty identificou, na tensão husserliana entre arqueologia e teleologia, o problema básico da fenomenologia, introduzindo a questão da história  e  a  do  meio  de  transmissão cultural.  Comparar  tais  leituras  em  seu  contexto específico não  apenas  permite  um  retrato  mais  complexo dos  debates  intelectuais  da época, mas também mostra como, com a interpretação de Merleau-Ponty sobre A origem da geometria, a "diferença" de Derrida antecede-se e admite outra genealogia.
Merleau-Ponty leitor dos clássicos
Authors: Ribeiro de Moura Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho pretende comentar a doutrina que Merleau-Ponty expõe, em seus distintos períodos, sobre o que caracteriza a obra clássica e sua interpretação. Aponta-se como pressupostos dessa doutrina a admissão de uma certa filosofia da linguagem, bem como de uma particular teoria da produtividade. Em função disso, pergunta-se se, efetivamente, foi feita, ali, uma crítica radical da "filosofia da consciência", como usualmente se supõe.
A reelaboração do transcendental em Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Sacrini Marcus
Published: September 2014

Neste artigo, defendo que Merleau-Ponty reformula a filosofia transcendental de matiz kantiano no sentido de mostrar que as condições a priori da experiência não podem ser separadas das vivências concretas do sujeito encarnado. Na primeira seção, eu retorno a Kant e Husserl para analisar como esses autores delimitam as condições transcendentais como um domínio formal independente de qualquer experiência concreta. Em seguida, reconstruo o movimento argumentativo pelo qual Merleau-Ponty rejeita essa delimitação formal da esfera transcendental e reapresenta essa última como inseparável do domínio empírico, inicialmente em A estrutura do comportamento (seção 2) e posteriormente em Fenomenologia da percepção (seção 3).
Bimbenet, É. Après Merleau-Ponty. Études sur la fécondité d’une pensée. Paris: Vrin, 2011
Authors: Ramos Silvana De Souza
Published: September 2014

O pensamento de Merleau-Ponty e ainsistência da ambiguidade.
The Blue Book on Solipsism and the uses of ‘I’ A Dialectical Reading
Authors: Techio Jônadas
Published: September 2014

Este artigo defende uma leitura dialética dos lembretes gramaticais de Wittgenstein acerca dos usos do pronome de primeira pessoa no Livro Azul. Contra uma visão “não-referencial” bastante comum, que trata esses lembretes como tentativas diretas de bloquear resultados metafísicos substanciais, a leitura aqui proposta enfatizará sua função terapêutica, tomando-os como partes de um processo dialético que tem por fim revelar as fontes de algumas tentações filosóficas, entre elas particularmente o solipsismo, com o intuito de enfraquecer seu fascínio, em vez de reprimi-lo ou sublimá-lo.
Teorias atemporais da percepção
Authors: Mesti Diogo
Published: September 2014

Resenha do livro: PEIXOTO, M.; MARQUES, M.; PUENTE, F. Visível e inteligível: Estudos sobre a percepção e o pensamento na filosofia grega antiga. Belo Horizonte: Ed. UFMG, 2012, (p. 151).
Voltaire, Genebra e as Ideias republicanas
Authors: Bianchi Lorenzo
Published: September 2014

O presente artigo visa explorar as ricas relações entre Voltaire e Genebra, destacando as questões e o contexto que formam a obra Ideias republicanas e seu combate pela tolerância.
Non‐growing‐season soil respiration is controlled by freezing and thawing processes in the summer monsoon‐dominated Tibetan alpine grassland
Authors: Wang Yonghui , Liu Huiying , Chung Haegeun , Yu Lingfei , Mi Zhaorong , Geng Yan , Jing Xin , Wang Shiping , Zeng Hui , Cao Guangmin , Zhao Xinquan , He Jin‐Sheng
Published: September 2014

The Tibetan alpine grasslands, sharing many features with arctic tundra ecosystems, have a unique non‐growing‐season climate that is usually dry and without persistent snow cover. Pronounced winter warming recently observed in this ecosystem may significantly alter the non‐growing‐season carbon cycle processes such as soil respiration (Rs), but detailed measurements to assess the patterns, drivers of, and potential feedbacks on Rs have not been made yet. We conducted a 4 year study on Rs using a unique Rs measuring system, composed of an automated soil CO2 flux sampling system and a custom‐made container, to facilitate measurements in this extreme environment. We found that in the nongrowing season, (1) cumulative Rs was 82–89 g C m−2, accounting for 11.8–13.2% of the annual total Rs; (2) surface soil freezing controlled the diurnal pattern of Rs and bulk soil freezing induced lower reference respiration rate (R0) and temperature sensitivity (Q10) than those in the growing season (0.40–0.53 versus 0.84–1.32 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 for R0 and 2.5–2.9 versus 2.9–5.6 for Q10); and (3) the intraannual variation in cumulative Rs was controlled by accumulated surface soil temperature. We found that in the summer monsoon‐dominated Tibetan alpine grassland, surface soil freezing, bulk soil freezing, and accumulated surface soil temperature are the day‐, season‐, and year‐scale drivers of the non‐growing‐season Rs, respectively. Our results suggest that warmer winters can trigger carbon loss from this ecosystem because of higher Q10 of thawed than frozen soils.
A focusing reflectarray and its application in microwave virus sanitizer
Authors: Hung Wan‐Ting , Tung Jen‐Jung , Chen Shih‐Yuan
Published: September 2014

In this paper, a focusing reflectarray based on the conductor‐backed strip dipole unit cell is proposed and designed for use in the microwave virus sanitizer. Unlike traditional far‐field antennas that form a planar phase front in a specified far‐field direction, the focusing reflectarray is designed to coherently add the fields radiated from the feeding antenna at a predetermined focal point, typically within its radiating near‐field region and to ensure adequate power density to inactivate the H3N2 virus sample. Furthermore, the focusing reflectarray has a simple and planar structure compared with conventional focusing antennas. Since the microwave resonant absorption frequency of the H3N2 virus is at about 8 GHz, an 8 × 8 focusing reflectarray is designed for operation at 8 GHz. A prototype antenna is then fabricated and used for H3N2 virus sanitization. It is demonstrated experimentally that the death rate of the H3N2 virus sample is up to 93%, verifying the feasibility of the microwave virus sanitizer as well as the proposed focusing reflectarray.
Coupling ground and airborne geophysical data with upscaling techniques for regional groundwater modeling of heterogeneous aquifers: Case study of a sedimentary aquifer intruded by volcanic dykes in Northern Ireland
Authors: Dickson Neil Edwin Matthew , Comte Jean‐Christophe , McKinley Jennifer , Ofterdinger Ulrich
Published: September 2014

In highly heterogeneous aquifer systems, conceptualization of regional groundwater flow models frequently results in the generalization or negligence of aquifer heterogeneities, both of which may result in erroneous model outputs. The calculation of equivalence related to hydrogeological parameters and applied to upscaling provides a means of accounting for measurement scale information but at regional scale. In this study, the Permo‐Triassic Lagan Valley strategic aquifer in Northern Ireland is observed to be heterogeneous, if not discontinuous, due to subvertical trending low‐permeability Tertiary dolerite dykes. Interpretation of ground and aerial magnetic surveys produces a deterministic solution to dyke locations. By measuring relative permeabilities of both the dykes and the sedimentary host rock, equivalent directional permeabilities, that determine anisotropy calculated as a function of dyke density, are obtained. This provides parameters for larger scale equivalent blocks, which can be directly imported to numerical groundwater flow models. Different conceptual models with different degrees of upscaling are numerically tested and results compared to regional flow observations. Simulation results show that the upscaled permeabilities from geophysical data allow one to properly account for the observed spatial variations of groundwater flow, without requiring artificial distribution of aquifer properties. It is also found that an intermediate degree of upscaling, between accounting for mapped field‐scale dykes and accounting for one regional anisotropy value (maximum upscaling) provides results the closest to the observations at the regional scale.
Themes and Issues in Programming for Young Adults
Authors: Olson Joann S. , Davis C. Amelia
Published: September 2014

In this final chapter, we highlight recurring themes from the preceding chapters and discuss the potential impact these themes have on program planning and instructional practice in adult education.
Maternal kin bias in affiliative behavior among wild adult female blue monkeys
Authors: Cords Marina , Nikitopoulos Eleni
Published: September 2014

Kin‐biased cooperative and affiliative behavior is widespread in social mammals and is expected to increase fitness. However, despite evolutionary benefits of cooperating with relatives, demographic circumstances may influence the strength of kin bias. We studied the relationship between maternal kinship and affiliative behavior among 78 wild adult female blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) from 8 groups monitored for 1–5 years. We compared behavior and kinship matrices, controlling for rank differences. Using multivariate models, we examined effects of demographic variables on the extent to which females groomed disproportionately with close adult female kin. Female blue monkeys, like other cercopithecine primates, generally preferred closer maternal kin for grooming and spatial association, although there was also substantial variation. Kin bias was weakest for association (at 7 m) while feeding, intermediate for closer (1 m) association while resting, and most intense for grooming. Grooming kin bias was stronger when a female had more very close relatives (either her mother or daughters), when her group contained more adult females, when she groomed with a lower percentage of group‐mates, and when she had fewer total kin. Dominance rank did not predict variation in kin bias. Females generally groomed with all kin, but in larger groups they increased the number of unrelated grooming partners and total grooming time. The increased kin bias intensity in larger groups resulted from the addition of unrelated partners with whom grooming occurred less often than with kin, rather than from time constraints that drove females to select kin more strongly. In natural‐sized groups, it may be common that females groom with all their adult female kin, which are present in limited numbers. The addition of grooming partners in larger groups may benefit female blue monkeys who rely on collective action in territorial defense; group‐wide cooperation may thus influence grooming decisions in this species. Am. J. Primatol. 77:109–123, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gold(I) Catalysis at Extreme Concentrations Inside Self‐Assembled Nanospheres
Authors: Gramage‐Doria Rafael , Hessels Joeri , Leenders Stefan H. A. M. , Tröppner Oliver , Dürr Maximilian , Ivanović‐Burmazović Ivana , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: September 2014

Homogeneous transition‐metal catalysis is a crucial technology for the sustainable preparation of valuable chemicals. The catalyst concentration is usually kept as low as possible, typically at mM or μM levels, and the effect of high catalyst concentration is hardly exploited because of solubility issues and the inherent unfavorable catalyst/substrate ratio. Herein, a self‐assembly strategy is reported which leads to local catalyst concentrations ranging from 0.05 M to 1.1 M, inside well‐defined nanospheres, whilst the overall catalyst concentration in solution remains at the conventional mM levels. We disclose that only at this high concentration, the gold(I) chloride is reactive and shows high selectivity in intramolecular CO and CC bond‐forming cyclization reactions.
Protease Probes that Enable Excimer Signaling upon Scission
Authors: Fischbach Melanie , Resch‐Genger Ute , Seitz Oliver
Published: September 2014

Peptide‐based probes that fluoresce upon proteolytic cleavage are invaluable tools for monitoring protease activity. The read‐out of protease activity through pyrene excimer signaling would be a valuable asset because the large Stokes shift and the long lifetime of the excimer emission facilitate measurements in autofluorescent media such as blood serum. However, proteolytic cleavage abolishes rather than installs the proximity relationships required for excimer signaling. Herein, we introduce a new probe architecture to enable the switching on of pyrene excimer emission upon proteolytic scission. The method relies on hairpin‐structured peptide nucleic acid (PNA)/peptide hybrids with pyrene units and anthraquinone‐based quencher residues positioned in a zipper‐like arrangement within the PNA stem. The excimer hairpin peptide beacons afforded up to a 50‐fold enhancement of the pyrene excimer emission. Time‐resolved measurements allowed the detection of matrix metalloprotease 7 in human blood serum.
Helical Graphitic Carbon Nitrides with Photocatalytic and Optical Activities
Authors: Zheng Yun , Lin Lihua , Ye Xiangju , Guo Fangsong , Wang Xinchen
Published: September 2014

Graphitic carbon nitride can be imprinted with a twisted hexagonal rod‐like morphology by a nanocasting technique using chiral silicon dioxides as templates. The helical nanoarchitectures promote charge separation and mass transfer of carbon nitride semiconductors, enabling it to act as a more efficient photocatalyst for water splitting and CO2 reduction than the pristine carbon nitride polymer. This is to our knowledge a unique example of chiral graphitic carbon nitride that features both left‐ and right‐handed helical nanostructures and exhibits unique optical activity to circularly polarized light at the semiconductor absorption edge as well as photoredox activity for solar‐to‐chemical conversion. Such helical nanostructured polymeric semiconductors are envisaged to hold great promise for a range of applications that rely on such semiconductor properties as well as chirality for photocatalysis, asymmetric catalysis, chiral recognition, nanotechnology, and chemical sensing.
Effect of electrostatic functional monomers on lysozyme recognition by molecularly imprinted hydrogel
Authors: Kashefi Mofrad Seyed Mohammad Reza , Naeimpoor Fereshteh , Hejazi Parisa , Nematollahzadeh Ali
Published: September 2014

Electrostatic functional monomers (EFMs) play an important role in noncovalent molecular imprinting due to their formed complexes with the complementary segment(s) of the template molecule. In this work using UV difference spectroscopy, interaction saturations of methacrylic‐acid and 2‐dimethyl‐amino‐ethyl‐methacrylate in complex formation with lysozyme (Lyz) surface was found to occur at molar ratios to Lyz of 400 and 100, respectively. Based on these results and the estimated free to total EFMs ratios, four sets of imprinted/nonimprinted hydrogel samples were synthesized alongside the two sets based on lysozyme surface charges and equal EFMs. Comparisons showed that the highest absorption capacity of 59 mg/g and imprinting effect of 1.58 correspond to samples with EFM/Lyz ratios at saturation and minimum free to total EFM/Lyz ratios, respectively. Minimization of free monomers is hence important in recognition of proteins by avoiding the nonspecific binding. This can have generic application for specific separation of other macromolecules. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41366.
Fish invading deserts: non‐native species in arid Moroccan rivers
Authors: Clavero Miguel , Esquivias Javier , Qninba Abdeljebbar , Riesco María , Calzada Javier , Ribeiro Filipe , Fernández Néstor , Delibes Miguel
Published: September 2014

Desert rivers are highly dynamic systems in which dry periods, frequently involving the cessation of superficial flow, alternate with violent flash floods. In spite of their territorial importance and high functional and biological diversity, desert rivers have received little attention in the scientific literature, especially in Northern Africa.

This study investigated the distribution of non‐native fish, their relationship with river damming and their potential impacts on native biodiversity in the main river basins draining arid areas of Morocco (Oued Draa, Oued Ziz and Oued Ghir), based on field sampling covering 84 stream reaches.

Thirteen fish species were recorded, eight of which are non‐native. Two species (stone moroko, Pseudorasbora parva, and bleak, Alburnus alburnus) had not been previously recorded in Morocco, while the native sandsmelt (Atherina boyeri) had not been cited as an invader. Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) was the most widely distributed non‐native fish.

Non‐native fish species were associated with reservoirs, colonizing the regulated downstream reaches. In contrast, unregulated upstream reaches tended to be free of non‐natives. The low abundance of native fish in reservoirs seems to be caused by the impacts of introduced fish species.

Management options for environmental flow are limited, owing to reduced water availability. Non‐native fish management should thus focus on limiting the spread of species already introduced and avoiding new introductions, especially into reservoirs.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐eddy simulations of Hector the convector making the stratosphere wetter
Authors: Dauhut Thibaut , Chaboureau Jean‐Pierre , Escobar Juan , Mascart Patrick
Published: September 2014

A large‐eddy simulation (LES) was performed for a Hector thunderstorm observed on 30 November 2005 over the Tiwi Islands. On that day, ice particles reaching 19‐km altitude were measured. The LES developed overshooting updrafts penetrating the stratosphere that compared well with observations. Much of the water injected in the form of ice particles sublimated in the lower stratosphere. Net hydration was found with a 16% increase in water vapour. While moistening appeared to be robust with respect to the grid spacing used, grid spacing on the order of 100 m may be necessary for a reliable estimate of hydration.
Der Lexikograf Gerhard Wahrig – Systemgrenzen und Ressourcen: Zur Entstehung seines Projekts „Wörterbuch als Datenbank“
Authors: Wahrig‐Burfeind Renate , Wahrig Bettina
Published: September 2014

Systems, Boundaries and Resources: The Lexicographer Gerhard Wahrig (1923–1978) and the Genesis of his Project “Dictionary as Database”. Gerhard Wahrig’s private archive has recently been retrieved by the authors and their siblings. We undertake a first survey of the unpublished material and concentrate on those aspects of Wahrig’s bio‐ergography which stand in relation to his life project “dictionary as database”, realised shortly before his death. We argue that this project was conceived in the 1950s, while Wahrig was writing and editing dictionaries and encyclopedias for the Bibliographisches Institut in Leipzig. Wahrig, who had been a wireless operator in WWII, was well informed about the development of computers in West Germany. He was influenced both by Ferdinand de Saussure and by the discussion on language and structure in the Soviet Union. When he crossed the German/German border in 1959, he experienced mechanisms of exclusion before he could establish himself in the West as a lexicographer. We argue that the transfer of symbolic and human capital was problematic due to the cultural differences between the two Germanies. In the 1970s, he became a professor of General and Applied Linguistics. The project of a “dictionary as database” was intended both as a basis for extensive empirical research on the semantic structure of natural languages and as a working tool for the average user of the German language. Due to his untimely death, he could not pursue his idea of exploring semantic networks.
How cells explore shape space: A quantitative statistical perspective of cellular morphogenesis
Authors: Yin Zheng , Sailem Heba , Sero Julia , Ardy Rico , Wong Stephen T. C. , Bakal Chris
Published: September 2014

Through statistical analysis of datasets describing single cell shape following systematic gene depletion, we have found that the morphological landscapes explored by cells are composed of a small number of attractor states. We propose that the topology of these landscapes is in large part determined by cell‐intrinsic factors, such as biophysical constraints on cytoskeletal organization, and reflects different stable signaling and/or transcriptional states. Cell‐extrinsic factors act to determine how cells explore these landscapes, and the topology of the landscapes themselves. Informational stimuli primarily drive transitions between stable states by engaging signaling networks, while mechanical stimuli tune, or even radically alter, the topology of these landscapes. As environments fluctuate, the topology of morphological landscapes explored by cells dynamically adapts to these fluctuations. Finally we hypothesize how complex cellular and tissue morphologies can be generated from a limited number of simple cell shapes.
Unique features of DNA replication in mitochondria: A functional and evolutionary perspective
Authors: Holt Ian J. , Jacobs Howard T.
Published: September 2014

Last year, we reported a new mechanism of DNA replication in mammals. It occurs inside mitochondria and entails the use of processed transcripts, termed bootlaces, which hybridize with the displaced parental strand as the replication fork advances. Here we discuss possible reasons why such an unusual mechanism of DNA replication might have evolved. The bootlace mechanism can minimize the occurrence and impact of single‐strand breaks that would otherwise threaten genome stability. Furthermore, by providing an implicit mismatch recognition system, it should limit the occurrence of replication‐dependent deletions and insertions, and defend against invading elements. Such a mechanism may also limit attempts to manipulate the mammalian mitochondrial genome.
Now you see it: Genome methylation makes a comeback in Drosophila
Authors: Boffelli Dario , Takayama Sachiko , Martin David I. K.
Published: September 2014

Drosophila melanogaster is often considered to lack genomic 5‐methylcytosine (m5C), an opinion reinforced by two whole genome bisulfite‐sequencing studies that failed to find m5C. New evidence, however, indicates that genomic methylation is indeed present in the fly, albeit in small quantities and in unusual patterns. At embryonic stage 5, m5C occurs in short strand‐specific regions that cover ∼1% of the genome, at tissue levels suggesting a distribution restricted to a subset of nuclei. Its function is not obvious, but methylation in subsets of nuclei would obscure functional associations since transcript levels and epigenetic modifications are assayed in whole embryos. Surprisingly, Mt2, the fly's only candidate DNA methyltransferase, is not necessary for the observed methylation. Full evaluation of the functions of genome methylation in Drosophila must await discovery and experimental inactivation of the DNA methyltransferase, as well as a better understanding of the pattern and developmental regulation of genomic m5C.
Solvent effect on the relative quantum yield and fluorescence quenching of a newly synthesized coumarin derivative
Authors: Nagaraja D. , Melavanki R. M. , Patil N. R. , Geethanjali H. S. , Kusanur R. A.
Published: September 2014

We estimated the relative florescence quantum yield (Φ) of 8‐methoxy‐3‐[1‐(4,5‐dicarbomethoxy‐1,2,3‐triazoloacetyl)]coumarin [8MDTC] using a single‐point method with quinine sulfate in 0.1 M of sulfuric acid used as a standard reference. The fluorescence lifetimes, radiative and non‐radiative decay rate constants are calculated. Relative quantum yields were found to be less in the non‐polar solvents, indicating that the solute exhibits less fluorescence in a non‐polar environment. The fluorescence quenching of [8MDTC] by aniline was studied at room temperature by examining the steady state in five different solvents in order to explore various possible quenching mechanisms. The experimental results show a positive deviation in Stern–Volmer plots in all solvents. Ground state complex and sphere of action static quenching models were used to interpret the results. Many quenching rate parameters were calculated using these models. The values of these parameters suggest that the sphere of action static quenching model agrees well with the experimental results. Further, a finite sink approximation model was used to check whether these bimolecular reactions were diffusion limited or not. The values of the distance parameter R′ and the diffusion coefficient D were determined and are compared with the values of the encounter distance R and diffusion coefficient D calculated using the Stokes–Einstein equation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and expression of proprotein convertases in CHO cells: Efficient proteolytic maturation of human bone morphogenetic protein‐7
Authors: Sathyamurthy Madhavi , Kim Che Lin , Bang You Lim , Kim Young Sik , Jang Ju Woong , Lee Gyun Min
Published: September 2014

Bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) is synthesized as a precursor that requires proteolytic cleavage of the propeptide by proprotein convertases (PCs) for its functional activity. A high‐level expression of BMP‐7 in CHO cells (CHO‐BMP‐7) resulted in secretion of a mixture of inactive precursor and active BMP‐7. In an effort to achieve efficient processing of BMP‐7 in CHO cells, PCs responsible for cleavage of the precursors in CHO cells were characterized. Analysis of the mRNA expression levels of four PCs (furin, PACE4, PC5/6, and PC7) revealed that only furin and PC7 genes are expressed in CHO‐BMP‐7 cells. Specific inhibition of the PCs by hexa‐D‐arginine (D6R) or decanoyl‐RVKR‐chloromethyl ketone (RVKR‐CMK) further revealed that furin is mainly responsible for the proteolytic processing of BMP‐7. To identify a more efficient PC for BMP‐7 processing, the four PC genes were transiently expressed in CHO‐BMP‐7 cells, respectively. Among these, PC5/6 was found to be the most efficient in BMP‐7 processing. Stable overexpression of PC5/6ΔC, a secreted form of PC5/6, significantly improved mature BMP‐7 production in CHO‐BMP‐7 cells. When the maximum BMP‐7 concentration was obtained in the culture of CHO‐BMP‐7 cells, approximately 88% of BMP‐7 was unprocessed. In contrast, no precursor was found in the culture of PC5/6ΔC‐overexpressing cells (clone #97). Furthermore, the in vitro biological activity of the mature BMP‐7 from PC5/6ΔC‐overexpressing cells was comparable to that from CHO‐BMP‐7 cells. Taken together, the present results indicate that overexpression of PC5/6ΔC in CHO‐BMP‐7 cells is an efficient means of increasing the yield of BMP‐7. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 560–568. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The stability and sales contribution of heavy‐buying households
Authors: Romaniuk Jenni , Wight Samuel
Published: September 2014

Creating long‐term heavy buyers underpins many theories of consumer behaviour and marketing plans. This makes heavy‐buying households an attractive target for research and marketing activities. However, analysis across over 150 brands in 15 categories reveals that only around 50 per cent of the heavy‐buying households of a brand in 1 year to remain heavy brand buyers in the next year. This provides a benchmark for marketers implementing strategies to reduce leakage from heavy‐buyer segmentations. This result, however, casts doubt on the reliability of heavy buying as a household/buyer targeting characteristic and calls into question the idea that long‐term heavy brand buyers can be cultivated. There is evidence that category heavy buying is consistently more stable behaviour, averaging 67 per cent year‐on‐year buyer stability. Therefore, if heavy buying behaviour is a targeting characteristic, the results support the use of category buying, rather than brand buying weight. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of trust in financial customer–seller relationships before and after the financial crisis
Authors: Hansen Torben
Published: September 2014

This study examines the role of trust in customer–seller relationships before and after the 2008 financial crisis. On the basis of two surveys comprising 1155 and 757 bank customers, respectively, it is shown that trust is less likely to mediate the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty after the financial crisis compared with before the financial crisis. The results suggest that consumers rely more on satisfaction and less on trust after the financial crisis compared with before the financial crisis when determining whether they should remain loyal to a particular financial service provider. Hence, as a direct managerial implication, financial service managers should consider investing additional resources in satisfying their customers in the after crisis era. In addition, it is suggested that managers should seek to rebuild the positive relationship between trust and loyalty in order to receive the full benefit of their trust‐building efforts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steps and Missteps: Redesigning, Piloting, and Scaling a Developmental Writing Program
Authors: Adams Peter , McKusick Donna
Published: September 2014

This chapter tells a story of course reform, describing in a fresh and candid way the steps taken toward change and the results achieved. The authors emphasize that instructors need considerable support in order to teach differently, as well as underscore the need to consider scalability of reform even at the pilot stage.
Selective CH Bond Functionalization of 2‐(2‐Thienyl)pyridine by a Rhodium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst
Authors: Rubio‐Pérez Laura , Iglesias Manuel , Castarlenas Ricardo , Polo Victor , Pérez‐Torrente Jesús J. , Oro Luis A.
Published: September 2014

[Rh(μ‐Cl)(H)2(IPr)]2 (IPr=1,3‐bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene) catalyzes the selective functionalization of 2‐(2‐thienyl)pyridine efficiently with a range of alkenes and internal alkynes. A catalytic cycle is proposed on the basis of the identification of key reaction intermediates and the study of their reactivity by NMR spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations at the DFT level support that the reaction proceeds by initial κ1N coordination of 2‐(2‐thienyl)pyridine followed by the loss of H2 to afford the active catalyst. Subsequently, cyclometalation of 2‐(2‐thienyl)pyridine, coordination of the unsaturated substrate (alkyne or alkene) at the vacant position trans to the hydride, and reductive elimination of the thiophene moiety occur. Finally, cyclometalation of the thiophene moiety renders the hydride cis to the unsaturated substrate, which leads to migratory insertion into the RhH bond and subsequent reductive elimination of the functionalized product.
Simultaneously Sizing and Quantitating Zeptomole‐Level DNA at High Throughput in Free Solution
Authors: Zhu Zaifang , Chen Huang , Chen Apeng , Lu Joann J. , Liu Shaorong , Zhao Meiping
Published: September 2014

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Shaorong Liu at the University of Oklahoma and Meiping Zhao at Peking University. The top part of the image depicts a new but simple way to resolve DNA, which can be separated using only a piece of open narrow capillary; the bottom part depicts the high‐throughput and high‐resolution separation results. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201403861.
Higher mobility of butterflies than moths connected to habitat suitability and body size in a release experiment
Authors: Kuussaari Mikko , Saarinen Matias , Korpela Eeva‐Liisa , Pöyry Juha , Hyvönen Terho
Published: September 2014

Mobility is a key factor determining lepidopteran species responses to environmental change. However, direct multispecies comparisons of mobility are rare and empirical comparisons between butterflies and moths have not been previously conducted. Here, we compared mobility between butterflies and diurnal moths and studied species traits affecting butterfly mobility. We experimentally marked and released 2011 butterfly and 2367 moth individuals belonging to 32 and 28 species, respectively, in a 25 m × 25 m release area within an 11‐ha, 8‐year‐old set‐aside field. Distance moved and emigration rate from the release habitat were recorded by species. The release experiment produced directly comparable mobility data in 18 butterfly and 9 moth species with almost 500 individuals recaptured. Butterflies were found more mobile than geometroid moths in terms of both distance moved (mean 315 m vs. 63 m, respectively) and emigration rate (mean 54% vs. 17%, respectively). Release habitat suitability had a strong effect on emigration rate and distance moved, because butterflies tended to leave the set‐aside, if it was not suitable for breeding. In addition, emigration rate and distance moved increased significantly with increasing body size. When phylogenetic relatedness among species was included in the analyses, the significant effect of body size disappeared, but habitat suitability remained significant for distance moved. The higher mobility of butterflies than geometroid moths can largely be explained by morphological differences, as butterflies are more robust fliers. The important role of release habitat suitability in butterfly mobility was expected, but seems not to have been empirically documented before. The observed positive correlation between butterfly size and mobility is in agreement with our previous findings on butterfly colonization speed in a long‐term set‐aside experiment and recent meta‐analyses on butterfly mobility.
Prospective Electroluminescent Hybrid Materials
Authors: Petrova Olga B. , Avetisov Roman I. , Khomyakov Andew V. , Saifutyarov Rasim R. , Akkuzina Alina A. , Mozhevitina Elena N. , Zhukov Alexandr V. , Avetissov Igor Ch.
Published: September 2014

Tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline)boron (Bq3) was synthesized by means of a high‐temperature substitution reaction. Mixtures of different Bq3 polymorphs were obtained and their spectral and structural properties were investigated. A comparison of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) structures with Bq3 and Alq3 as emitting materials showed the prospective application of Bq3 as a blue‐light emitter. Thin‐film hybrid materials (HM) were made by vacuum thermal deposition. HM films were produced by layer‐by‐layer thermal vacuum sputtering of B2O3/Alq3/B2O3/MoO3/Al on a glass substrate with an indium tin oxide (ITO) conducting layer. The HM films were locally heated by a diode laser (785 nm). The pumping of 150 W cm–2 energy for one second resulted in an irreversible change in the HM film. Chromaticity coordinates for the as‐prepared and laser‐induced HM films showed a significant difference in their photoluminescent properties.
Fast Ewald summation for Stokesian particle suspensions
Authors: Af Klinteberg Ludvig , Tornberg Anna‐Karin
Published: September 2014

We present a numerical method for suspensions of spheroids of arbitrary aspect ratio, which sediment under gravity. The method is based on a periodized boundary integral formulation using the Stokes double layer potential. The resulting discrete system is solved iteratively using generalized minimal residual accelerated by the spectral Ewald method, which reduces the computational complexity to , where N is the number of points used to discretize the particle surfaces. We develop predictive error estimates, which can be used to optimize the choice of parameters in the Ewald summation. Numerical tests show that the method is well conditioned and provides good accuracy when validated against reference solutions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional Logistic Regression Approach to Detecting Gene by Longitudinal Environmental Exposure Interaction in a Case‐Control Study
Authors: Wei Peng , Tang Hongwei , Li Donghui
Published: September 2014

Most complex human diseases are likely the consequence of the joint actions of genetic and environmental factors. Identification of gene‐environment (G × E) interactions not only contributes to a better understanding of the disease mechanisms, but also improves disease risk prediction and targeted intervention. In contrast to the large number of genetic susceptibility loci discovered by genome‐wide association studies, there have been very few successes in identifying G × E interactions, which may be partly due to limited statistical power and inaccurately measured exposures. Although existing statistical methods only consider interactions between genes and static environmental exposures, many environmental/lifestyle factors, such as air pollution and diet, change over time, and cannot be accurately captured at one measurement time point or by simply categorizing into static exposure categories. There is a dearth of statistical methods for detecting gene by time‐varying environmental exposure interactions. Here, we propose a powerful functional logistic regression (FLR) approach to model the time‐varying effect of longitudinal environmental exposure and its interaction with genetic factors on disease risk. Capitalizing on the powerful functional data analysis framework, our proposed FLR model is capable of accommodating longitudinal exposures measured at irregular time points and contaminated by measurement errors, commonly encountered in observational studies. We use extensive simulations to show that the proposed method can control the Type I error and is more powerful than alternative ad hoc methods. We demonstrate the utility of this new method using data from a case‐control study of pancreatic cancer to identify the windows of vulnerability of lifetime body mass index on the risk of pancreatic cancer as well as genes that may modify this association.
Early phenotypic asymmetry of sister oligodendrocyte progenitor cells after mitosis and its modulation by aging and extrinsic factors
Authors: Boda Enrica , Di Maria Silvia , Rosa Patrizia , Taylor Verdon , Abbracchio Maria P. , Buffo Annalisa
Published: September 2014

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) persist in the adult central nervous system and guarantee oligodendrocyte turnover throughout life. It remains obscure how OPCs avoid exhaustion during adulthood. Similar to stem cells, OPCs could self‐maintain by undergoing asymmetric divisions generating a mixed progeny either keeping a progenitor phenotype or proceeding to differentiation. To address this issue, we examined the distribution of stage‐specific markers in sister OPCs during mitosis and later after cell birth, and assessed its correlation with distinct short‐term fates. In both the adult and juvenile cerebral cortex a fraction of dividing OPCs gives rise to sister cells with diverse immunophenotypic profiles and short‐term behaviors. Such heterogeneity appears as cells exit cytokinesis, but does not derive from the asymmetric segregation of molecules such as NG2 or PDGFRa expressed in the mother cell. Rather, rapid downregulation of OPC markers and upregulation of molecules associated with lineage progression contributes to generate early sister OPC asymmetry. Analyses during aging and upon exposure to physiological (i.e., increased motor activity) and pathological (i.e., trauma or demyelination) stimuli showed that both intrinsic and environmental factors contribute to determine the fraction of symmetric and asymmetric OPC pairs and the phenotype of the OPC progeny as soon as cells exit mitosis. GLIA 2015;63:271–286
Collective Action on Campus Toward Student Development and Democratic Engagement
Authors: Kezar Adrianna , Maxey Dan
Published: September 2014

This chapter explores the ways faculty and staff work with students to support their activism as well as the way students tap faculty and staff to support their movements.
Combined effect of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and BRAFV600E mutation status on aggressiveness in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Kim Su‐jin , Myong Jun Pyo , Jee Hyeon‐Gun , Chai Young Jun , Choi June Young , Min Hye Sook , Lee Kyu Eun , Youn Yeo‐Kyu
Published: September 2014

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and BRAFV600E mutation status in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and to determine their combined association with tumor aggressiveness in PTC.

Methods

A total of 1780 patients with PTC who underwent surgery were enrolled in this study. Simple and multiple analyses were performed to determine the association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the BRAFV600E mutation in PTC.

Results

Hashimoto's thyroiditis was present in 11.5% of patients (204/1780) with PTC. Multiple logistic regressions showed that BRAFV600E (odds ratio [OR] = 0.493; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.360–0.678) and the female sex (OR = 7.146; 95% CI = 3.408–18.347) were independent factors associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in PTC. BRAFV600E mutation and the Hashimoto's thyroiditis–negative PTC group were associated with aggressive disease (OR = 3.069; 95% CI = 1.654–5.916).

Conclusion

Hashimoto's thyroiditis was associated less frequently with BRAFV600E, and frequently with the female sex in patients with PTC. Hashimoto's thyroiditis and BRAFV600E status may help to predict clinical outcome of PTC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 95–101, 2016
Portal hypertension and the outcome of surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma in compensated cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Berzigotti Annalisa , Reig Maria , Abraldes Juan G. , Bosch Jaime , Bruix Jordi
Published: September 2014

Whether preoperative clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) has or not an impact on the outcome of surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with compensated cirrhosis is debated. This systematic review assesses the impact of CSPH on the outcome of HCC in patients with compensated cirrhosis treated with surgery. We performed a systematic search of the MEDLINE database (articles published in full in English language from 1996 to October 2013) and related bibliography for studies reporting on the postoperative outcomes (3‐ and 5‐year mortality and/or early clinical decompensation) of patients with HCC and compensated cirrhosis treated with surgery according to the presence or absence of CSPH. Independent extraction of articles by two authors using predefined data fields, including study quality indicators, was used; pooled analyses were based on random‐effects models. Eleven studies in total met our inclusion criteria (eight studies for 3‐ and 5‐year postoperative mortality and eight for postoperative clinical decompensation). Moderate heterogeneity among studies for both outcomes was observed, which disappeared after pooling studies using similar methods to assess CSPH. The presence of CSPH increased the risk of 3‐ and 5‐year mortality versus absence of CSPH (pooled odds ratio [OR] for 3‐year mortality: 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52‐2.88; for 5‐year mortality: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.51‐2.84). CSPH also increased the risk of postoperative clinical decompensation (pooled OR: 3.04; 95% CI: 2.02‐4.59). Conclusions: CSPH (evaluated by any method) significantly increases the risk of 3‐ and 5‐year mortality and of clinical decompensation after surgery for HCC. (Hepatology 2015;61:526‐536)
Characterization and comparison of phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity and instrumental taste profile of juices from different botanical origins
Authors: Granato Daniel , Karnopp Ariadne Roberto , van Ruth Saskia M
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND

The European Union registered a consumption of about 10.7 billion litres of juices in 2011 and a great part of this amount is imported from other countries, which makes the monitoring of their quality essential. This work was aimed at mapping the quality of various juices from different botanical origins from instrumental taste, chemical marker and antioxidant capacity perspectives. It also characterized the individual phenolic composition of juices previously classified according to their antioxidant activity and total phenolic material level.

RESULTS

Overall, by using correlation analysis and chemometrics (HCA and PCA), data showed that total phenolics, specifically gallic acid, p‐coumaric acid, anthocyanins, flavanols and flavonols, are the main contributors to the antioxidant activity. Elderberry and pomegranate juices presented the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity. On the other hand, orange, apple and cranberry juices had the lowest levels of total phenolics and flavonoids, DPPH and CUPRAC.

CONCLUSION

The use of chemometrics coupled to ANOVA seems to be a suitable approach to evaluate the quality of fruit juices from different botanical origins. Additionally, the instrumental taste profile correlated well with the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity, showing its potential application in assessing the functionality of juices. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of water stress on super‐high‐ density ‘Koroneiki’ olive oil quality
Authors: Dag Arnon , Naor Amos , Ben‐Gal Alon , Harlev Guy , Zipori Isaac , Schneider Doron , Birger Reuven , Peres Moti , Gal Yoni , Kerem Zohar
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND

Over the last two decades, the area of cultivated super‐high‐density olive orchards has increased rapidly. Water stress is an important tool in super‐high‐density orchards to reduce tree growth and promote suitability for overhead mechanical harvesters. Little is known regarding the effect of water stress in super‐high‐density orchards on oil quality parameters. In this study the effect of irrigation rate on oil quality parameters was evaluated in a six‐year‐old super‐high‐density ‘Koreneiki’ olive orchard for five consecutive seasons. Five water status levels, determined by irrigating in order to maintain various midday stem water potential threshold values (−1.5, −2, −2.5, −3 and −4 MPa), were applied during the oil accumulation stage.

RESULTS

The MUFA/PUFA ratio and free fatty acid content generally decreased as a function of increasing tree water stress. In most seasons a reduction in polyphenols was found with decreasing irrigation level. Peroxide value was not affected by the water stress level.

CONCLUSION

The present study demonstrates that limiting irrigation and exposure of olive trees to water stress in a super‐high‐density orchard lowers free fatty acid content and therefore benefits oil quality. However, the decreased MUFA/PUFA ratio and the reduction in polyphenol content that were also found under increased water stress negatively influence oil quality. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry