bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Approximal Caries Lesions in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Urzúa I , Cabello R , Marín P , Ruiz B , Jazanovich D , Mautz C , Lira M , Sánchez J , Rodríguez G , Osorio S , Ortiz ME
Published: September 2019

Detection and management of posterior approximal caries lesions are still problematic. Inspection of approximal surfaces is challenging, and bitewing radiographs are used when direct vision is not possible. Unfortunately, there is no definite radiographic appearance to identify lesion cavitation with absolute certainty. Many lesions detected radiographically within the outer half of dentin are not cavitated, often resulting in unnecessary restorative treatment. Our study compared radiographic depth of approximal caries lesions with presence of cavitation in adults using visual inspection following temporary tooth separation (TTS). We conducted this observational descriptive cross-sectional study at two dental schools in two cities in Chile. Clinicians were unaware of radiographic depths of lesions and examined 147 participants (57.3% female and 42.7% male) following TTS. Using the common classification system that consists of E0 (no lesion), E1 (lesion within the outer half of enamel), E2 (lesion within the inner half of enamel), D1 (lesion within the outer third of dentin), D2 (lesion within the middle third of dentin), and D3 (lesion within the inner third of dentin), a trained dentist evaluated all the processed films. Cavitation was detected in only three sites (0.22%) within the E0 category, seven sites (3.41%) in E1, five sites (14.8%) in E2, four sites (14.8%) in D1, six sites (50%) in D2, and eight sites (61.5%) in D3. Considering that restorative treatment should be indicated strictly for cavitated lesions, our findings support indication for restorative treatment for D3 lesions and the rationale for TTS for D1-D2 caries lesions to allow direct visual inspection to determine whether there is surface cavitation.
تعلم القواعد النحوية ومحاولة تيسيرها
Authors: Nasarudin Nasarudin
Published: September 2019

أهداف هذه الدراسة هي معرفة مفاهيم القواعد النحوية ومعرفة تيسير القواعد النحويةومعرفة طريقة تعليم القواعد النحوية. ونتائج هذه الدراسة هي: القواعد النحوية تتكون منالقواعد النظرية والقواعد الوظيفية. الأولى لثروة عالم المعارف النحوية والثانية تم تحديدهامحتاجة إلى تعزيز ممارسة المهارات اللغوية؛ وتيسير القواعد النحوية من قبل النحاة خلالتصنيف الكتابة بروح التجديد النحوي؛ وطريقة تعليم القواعد النحوية أن تدمج الموادالنحوية في تعليم المهارة اللغوية خاصة في القراءة والكتابة.الكلمات المفتاحية: تيسير النحو، طريقة التعليم، القواعد التطبيقية
علم الأصوات العربية؛ تطوراتها ونظريتها والإستفادة منها لتعليم اللغة العربية
Authors: Hasan Naifah
Published: September 2019

علم الأصوات لم يعرف باسم الفنولوجيا عند العرب إلا في مرحلة لاحقة لكن فإنه لم يغب عن مصنفات المتقدمين من علماء العربية. أولَ من أفرد المباحثَ الصوتية بمؤلَّف مستقل ابنُ جنّي (392هـ) في كتابه سر صناعة الإعراب الذي بسط فيه الكلام على حروف العربية. وقد اعتنى القدامى بهذا العلم لأن مداره الكلام، أو اللغة المنطوقة من جهة الكشف عن أصوات اللغة، ونظامها، وإنتاجها، وإدراكها، وصفاتها، وخصائصها الإفرادية، والسياقية ووظائفها، وتنوع صورها الأدائية. ونظرا لهذه الأهمية فهذا المقال تناول من خلاله نشأة هذا العلم فروعه والنظام الصوتي في اللغة العربية ثم العلاقة بين علم الأصوات وعلم اللغة والاستفادة من دراسة علم الأصوات لغير الناطقين بها.الكلمات الأساسية: علم الأصوات، تعليم اللغة العربية.
اللغة في التراث العربي (دراسة موجزة في ضوء كتاب المُزْهِر للسيوطي)
Authors: Ubaidillah Ubaidillah , Farihah Farihah
Published: September 2019

قال الأسنوي إن اللغات عبارة عن الألفاظ الموضوعة للمعاني. وقد ثار سؤال بين العلماء اللغويين منذ زمن قديم ولا يزال يثور وهو عن أصل اللغة العربية ونشأتها؛ أإلهام ووحي هي أم اصطلاح ومواضعة؟ ومن واضع هذه اللغة اللغة. فالبحث اللغـوي قديم في التـراث العربي، بدأ مع قيـام الحركة العلميـة في القرن الثاني. وقد اعتمد الرواة في جمعهم الّلغة على كثير من الأعلام سواء في البصرة أم في الكوفة وكانوا يشترطون في جمع الّلغة السماع والسؤال غير المباشر والسؤال المباشر، ثم يأتي مرحلة التدوين ثم مرحلة التقعيد. وقد جرت عادة اللغويين على تصنيف علم اللغة إلى قسمين كبيرين هما علم اللغة النظري وعلم اللغة التطبيقي. ولكل قسم فروع متعددة وتحت كل فرع تفريعات جزئية.الكلمات الأساسية: اللغة العربية، التراث العربي.
Liderança é uma técnica que se aprende e se desenvolve coletivamente; é uma ferramenta de gestão
Authors: Burmester Haino
Published: September 2019

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Learning Quality Improvement through the Metacognitive Keywords Model (MKM) Teaching Model in Islamic Learning
Authors: Supa'at Supa'at , Azmi Khilman Rofi
Published: September 2019

The dynamics of developmental technology and information in the Postglobalization era has a significant impact in building the scientific method of education, especially for Islamic Education. The teacher or Tutor as the main actor in delivering the learning material in the classroom is required to be able to map and guide students in understanding and implementing Islamic value. This article aims to developing PAI learning models through the Metacognitive Keyword Model (MKM). A teaching method intended for teachers / tutors so that they can guide their own thoughts in delivering the material appropriately, effectively and efficiently. The term "Keyword" refers to the â€œstressing pointâ€ of every material taught. MKM consists of several stages including (1) refresh; (2) re-arrange the keywords; (3) creating positive self talk or affirmation; (4) review and (5) Reflect. MKM can also be applied specifically to students through the keyword mapping process of each material. Through this model it is hoped that it will improve the quality of the learning process of Islamic Religion in educational settings.
Synthesis and Characterization of Co0.8-x Nix Zn0.2 Fe2O4 Ferrites by Williamson–Hall and Size–Strain Plot Methods
Authors: Kolekar Ravikumar , Kapatkar Suresh Baburao , Mathad Shridhar Narasinhmurthy
Published: September 2019

The Co-Zn ferrite (x=0.00) and Nickel doped Co-Zn ferrites (x=0.24) was synthesized by low cost solid state reaction method and characterized by XRD technique. The X-ray diffraction results for the samples showed the formation of single phase cubic spinel. The lattice constant and particle size for Co-Zn ferrite(x=0.00) is found to be 8.3465 Å and 26.72 nm and for Nickel doped (x=0.24) it is 8.3440 Å and 24.21nm. Micro strain (ε), Dislocation density(ρD), Hopping lengths (LA and LB), Bond lengths (A - O and B-O), Ionic radii (rA and rB), Texture coefficients (Thkl) and Standard deviation (σ) are also reported. The particle size is confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Williamson-Hall plot and stress-strain plot also employed to understand the mechanical properties of materials.
Preparation and Characterization of Spion-CDs as a Multifunctional Fluorescence/Magnetic Resonance Nanoparticle
Authors: Asgari Mahdi , Motaghi Hasan , Khanahmad Hossein , Mehrgardi Masoud A. , Farzadniya Amin , Shokrania Parvaneh
Published: September 2019

A multifunctional nanoparticle, Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Carbon Dots (SPION-CDs), for fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging is introduced. This nanoparticle possesses the magnetic properties of super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPION) core as well as the fluorescence characteristics of carbon dots (CDs) coated in mesoporous structure. The SPION-CDs were synthesized using a high temperature facile single-pot hydrothermal method. The products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV/vis absorption, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The cytotoxic effect of SPION-CDs on OVCAR-3 cells was also evaluated. The synthesized nanoparticle possesses optimal size, low toxicity and excellent magnetic properties, including super-paramagnetic behavior (Ms = 42 emu g−1). Moreover, in the viewpoint of optical properties, the quantum yield of ~2.4% was obtained and the nanoparticle shows good fluorescence stability for cell-labeling studies. This multifunctional nanoparticle with appropriate characterization is a promising candidate for multimodal fluorescence/magnetic resonance imaging platform.
Variations in the Expression Pattern of HSP27 and MSK1 Genes During the Development of Prehierarchical Follicles in the Zi Geese (Anser Cygnoides)
Authors: Sello Cornelius Tlotliso , Liu Chang , Lu Hongtao , Wang Ziqiu , Msuthwana Petunia , Tyasi Thobela Louis , Sun Yue , Liu Jing , Xu Chenguang , Zhou Yuxuan , Li Shengyi , Yang Hui , Sui Yujian , Hu Jingtao , Sun Yongfeng
Published: September 2019

The p38MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) signaling contributes a pivotal role in mammalian ovarian follicular development; however, the knowledge regarding their expression in geese remains unresolved. The objective of the current study was to determine the spatio-temporal expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1) genes in the prehierarchical follicles during geese ovarian development. The prehierarchical follicles samples were harvested from 35- to 37-week-old healthy laying geese. HSP27 and MSK1 relative expression in various sized prehierachical follicles was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Follicular wall localization of HSP27 and MSK1 was examined by using immunohistochemistry. Our results at mRNA level indicated that HSP27 was highly expressed in middle white follicles whereas MSK1 was predominantly expressed in small white follicles. The western blotting results for HSP27 and MSK1 were inconsistent with the RT-qPCR results in various stages of prehierachical follicular development but noticeably, HSP27 proteins were still expressed more in middle white follicles while MSK1 proteins were more abundant in primary follicles. At different stages of prehierarchical development, immunodetections in the granulosa and theca cells revealed that HSP27 was intensively localized in middle white follicles while strong detections of MSK1 were observed in large white follicles. These results indicate HSP27 and MSK1 might be associated to the key regulators of folliculogenesis in geese.
Mechanism and Functions of Identified miRNAs in Poultry Skeletal Muscle Development – A Review
Authors: Collins Asiamah Amponsah , Zou Kun , Li Zhang , Ying Su
Published: September 2019

Development of the skeletal muscle goes through several complex processes regulated by numerous genetic factors. Although much efforts have been made to understand the mechanisms involved in increased muscle yield, little work is done about the miRNAs and candidate genes that are involved in the skeletal muscle development in poultry. Comprehensive research of candidate genes and single nucleotide related to poultry muscle growth is yet to be experimentally unraveled. However, over a few periods, studies in miRNA have disclosed that they actively participate in muscle formation, differentiation, and determination in poultry. Specifically, miR-1, miR-133, and miR-206 influence tissue development, and they are highly expressed in the skeletal muscles. Candidate genes such as CEBPB, MUSTN1, MSTN, IGF1, FOXO3, mTOR, and NFKB1, have also been identified to express in the poultry skeletal muscles development. However, further researches, analysis, and comprehensive studies should be made on the various miRNAs and gene regulatory factors that influence the skeletal muscle development in poultry. The objective of this review is to summarize recent knowledge in miRNAs and their mode of action as well as transcription and candidate genes identified to regulate poultry skeletal muscle development.
Taxonomic importance of seed morphology of Veronica L. subsect. Agrestes Benth. (Plantaginaceae)
Authors: Mazur Małgorzata , Gawlak Magdalena , Sandurska Elżbieta , Kałuski Tomasz , Marcysiak Katarzyna
Published: September 2019

The study was conducted on five species of Veronica L. subsection Agrestes occurring in Central Europe: Veronica agrestis L., V. polita Fr., V. opaca Fr., V. persica Poir. and V. filiformis Sm. These species are very similar morphologically and are often misidentified. Last thorough studies of morphology and micromorphology of their seeds were conducted in 1960s. Based on 48 herbarium specimens, we examined SEM images of 422 seeds. We found that 22 of the 30 studied morphological traits differentiated five species at statistical level and V. agrestis and V. persica differed with the greatest number of features from other species. Our measurements of seed size were not fully congruent with previous studies, suggesting dependence of these features on external conditions. Seeds were usually cochlidiospermous and ovoid with a reticulate-verrucate seed coat, but these features were, at the same time, quite variable. The results of discriminant function confirmed that some characters of the seed size, shape and coat sculpture could be taxonomically useful in distinguishing species of Veronica subsect. Agrestes. In addition, we believe that similarity of the examined seeds may confirm unity of this group and the need of identifying a subsection.
Changes in mountain vascular plants of the ‘Jar rzeki Raduni’ nature reserve (Poland) within the last 50 years
Authors: Zarzycki Wojciech , Zarzycka Magdalena , Gołębiewska Joanna , Podsiedlik Marek
Published: September 2019

‘Jar rzeki Raduni’ is a landscape nature reserve created in 1972, which covers an area of 74,26 ha. The reserve protects the Radunia river gorge in the moraine upland of the Kashubian Lake District. In past, the reserve was an object of numerous botanical studies, and it was distinguished by a large share of mountain species. The main aim of this research was to define the current state of mountain species of the studied area compared to historical data. The study was carried out in 2017. Eight mountain species were noted: Aconitum variegatum, Alnus incana, Bupleurum longifolium, Chaerophyllum hirsutum, Dryopteris expansa, Huperzia selago, Pleurospermum austriacum and Ribes alpinum. The occurrence of five species was not confirmed: Coeloglossum viride, Epipogium aphyllum, Melampyrum sylvaticum, Polygonatum verticillatum and Valeriana sambucifolia.
First record of Andinia panica (Orchidaceae) from Colombia
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Trejo Ramiro Medina , Szlachetko Dariusz L.
Published: September 2019

Andinia panica, previously known exclusively from the type locality in Ecuador, is reported for the first time from Colombia. Characteristic of population found in Valle de Sibundoy is provided together with photographs of the specimen and information about its habitat. Moreover, the comparative morphology of species included in Andinia subgenus Minuscula, is presented together with the key to species identification.
The map of vegetation complexes of the Seili island and its surroundings (SW Finland)
Authors: Wojterska Maria , Balcerkiewicz Stanisław , Brzeg Andrzej
Published: September 2019

The paper gives the results of studies on vegetation complexes of 12 islands and several skerries, situated within the inner part of SW Finnish archipelago. There were differentiated 14 types of complexes, comprising all types of communities (of vascular plants, mosses and lichens). All complexes are characterised by a repetitive combination of communities. Their distribution, showing distinct regularities in relation to geology, geomorphology and situation on an island, is depicted in the map.
Florilegium of Fortunata Obrąpalska – iconography of biological diversity in natural phenomena
Authors: Kalinowska Małgorzata
Published: September 2019

Botanical drawings of Fortunata Obrąpalska are an unknown part of work of this eminent Polish artist photographer. In the special collections of the Library of Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, there are 523 drawings of Fortunata Obrąpalska that she created in the years 1955-1983. The simple Bristol board ink drawing technique depicts in schematic, but at the same time perfect way, plants and natural phenomena like withering of underground plant organs, frost-damaged shoots or impact of wind on plants in coastal areas. The drawings are a proof of her excellent knowledge of natural objects, impressive drawing skills and imagination. They also show this artist’s great sensitivity to beauty.
Balkan Candidate Countries Running for Fiscal Consolidation: Legal Frameworks vs. Economic Results
Authors: Maksimovska Stojkova Aleksandra , Nesovska Kjoseva Elena , Stojmenovska Irena
Published: September 2019

The subject of this paper is four Balkan countries (Albania, Serbia, Macedonia, and Montenegro) that are determined to join the European Union. More particularly, it looks at their work towards accomplishing the political, legal and economic requirements for the EU. Thus, the legislation with the EU Fiscal Compact is the prime focus. Methodologically, the research is based on an assessment of fiscal and monetary legal documents, evaluating the stages of accomplishing the harmonization with the EU’s conditions. Further, cross‑section analyses are made by in putting selected indicators; additionally, the authors compare the four countries’ achievements. The EU’s rigorous fiscal rules are being quietly bypassed, but more frequently by existing member states than the candidate states; this statement is founded on legal and economic arguments, with mathematical estimations. Consequently, the authors question the political courage and financial capacity of the examined countries to cope with the fiscal compact of the superior EU 28 members. The answers are supported with numerous analyses of EU Reports for each country, as well as tables and figures that compare the states’ results and economic achievements vs. EU fiscal consolidation rules. The EU 28 average is givenin addition as a comparison. The conclusion gives across analysis between the four countries and the EU 28 member states, with accompanying argumentation to the main statement about the legal and economic developments of the examined Balkan countries as well as a future prognosis.
A Comparative Analysis of Fiscal Policy Changes in Selected European Union Countries outside the Eurozone
Authors: Szymańska Agata
Published: September 2019

The aim of this article is to investigate the fiscal policy changes in six Central and Eastern European countries outside the Eurozone: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, Poland and Romania. The analysis covers the period from 2004 to 2017. The study uses changes in the cyclically‑adjusted primary balance as a main indicator to assess the fiscal policy stance. The results indicate that, in general, over the period from 2004 to 2017, the fiscal stance in these countries was somewhat contractionary.
Biomechanical Analysis of Successful and Unsuccessful Snatch Lifts in Elite Female Weightlifters
Authors: Mastalerz Andrzej , Szyszka Paulina , Grantham Weronika , Sadowski Jerzy
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to identify biomechanical factors affecting successful and unsuccessful snatch attempts in elite female weightlifters during the 2013 World Weightlifting Championships. Fourteen female competitors took part in this study. Their successful and unsuccessful snatch lifts with the same load were recorded with 2 camcorders (50 Hz), and selected points were digitized manually on to the body and the barbell using the Ariel Performance Analysis System. The kinetic and kinematic barbell movement as well as the athlete’s body movement variables during the liftoff phase were examined. The results of this study show statistical differences (p ≤ 0.05) between successful and unsuccessful attempts in relation to the angle values in the knee and hip joints in preparation for the aerial phase position. Similarly, the center of gravity velocity was significantly higher in successful attempts during the catch phase. Thus, coaches should pay particular attention to the accuracy of the execution in preparation for the aerial phase position and to the velocity of the center of gravity of the competitors during the catch phase.
Mechanism of Action and the Effect of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Different Types of Physical Performance - A Systematic Review
Authors: Kaczka Piotr , Michalczyk Małgorzata Magdalena , Jastrząb Rafał , Gawelczyk Mateusz , Kubicka Katarzyna
Published: September 2019

Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been used extensively as a dietary supplement for athletes and physically active people. HMB is a leucine metabolite, which is one of three branched chain amino acids. HMB plays multiple roles in the human body of which most important ones include protein metabolism, insulin activity and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. The ergogenic effects of HMB supplementation are related to the enhancement of sarcolemma integrity, inhibition of protein degradation (ubiquitin pathway), decreased cell apoptosis, increased protein synthesis (mTOR pathway), stimulation of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis and enhancement of muscle stem cells proliferation and differentiation. HMB supplementation has been carried out with various groups of athletes. In endurance and martial arts athletes, HMB supplementation revealed positive effects on specific aerobic capacity variables. Positive results were also disclosed in resistance trained athletes, where changes in strength, body fat and muscle mass as well as anaerobic performance and power output were observed. The purpose of this review was to present the main mechanisms of HMB action, especially related to muscle protein synthesis and degradation, and ergogenic effects on different types of sports and physical activities.
An Integrated Database to Measure Living Standards
Authors: Chiara Elena Dalla , Menon Martina , Perali Federico
Published: September 2019

This study generates an integrated database to measure living standards in Italy using propensity score matching. We follow the recommendations of the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress proposing that income, consumption of market goods and nonmarket activities, and wealth, rather than production, should be evaluated jointly in order to appropriately measure material welfare. Our integrated database is similar in design to the one built for the United States by the Levy Economics Institute to measure the multiple dimensions of well-being. In the United States, as is the case for Italy and most European countries, the state does not maintain a unified database to measure household economic well-being, and data sources about income and employment surveys and other surveys on wealth and the use of time have to be statistically matched. The measure of well-being is therefore the result of a multidimensional evaluation process no longer associated with a single indicator, as is usually the case when measuring gross domestic product. The estimation of individual and social welfare, multidimensional poverty and inequality does require an integrated living standard database where information about consumption, income, time use and subjective well-being are jointly available. With this objective in mind, we combine information available in four different surveys: the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions Survey, the Household Budget Survey, the Time Use Survey, and the Household Conditions and Social Capital Survey. We perform three different statistical matching procedures to link the relevant dimensions of living standards contained in each survey and report both the statistical and economic tests carried out to evaluate the quality of the procedure at a high level of detail.
Connecting Correction Methods for Linkage Error in Capture-Recapture
Authors: de Wolf Peter-Paul , van der Laan Jan , Zult Daan
Published: September 2019

A commonly known problem in population size estimation using registers, is that registers do not necessarily cover the whole population. This may be because they intend to cover part of the population (e.g., students), due to administrative delay or because part of the target population is not registered by default (e.g., illegal persons). One of the methods to estimate the population size in the presence of undercount is the capture-recapture method that combines the information of two or more samples. In the context of census estimation registers are used instead of samples. However, the method assumes that perfect linkage between the registers can be achieved. It is known that this assumption is often violated.

In the setting of evaluating the population coverage of a census using a post-enumeration survey, a correction for linkage error was proposed. That correction was later generalized by relaxing some of the newly introduced conditions. However, the new correction method still implicitly assumed that the two registers are of equal size. We introduce a further generalization that includes both previously mentioned correction methods and at the same time deals with registers of different sizes. Specific parameter settings will correspond to the different correction methods. We show that the parameters of each method can be chosen such that the resulting estimates all equal the traditional Petersen estimate (1896) that would theoretically be obtained under truly perfect linkage.
Secured healthcare monitoring system in wireless body area network using polynomial based technique
Authors: Shanthapriya R , Vaithianathan V
Published: September 2019

Nowadays healthcare is a standout amongst the most rapidly developing application zone in body area networks (BANs). BANs are anticipated to play a significant role in the stream of patient-health monitoring. To provide, secure BAN access to the entire system without disturbing the confidentiality of patients’ therapeutic data is a major challenge. Security of the BAN can be improved by using a polynomial curve-based steganography technique. The performance of the proposed BAN is evaluated by using a Fourier transform and Wavelet transform. The results of the proposed BAN are presented and compared for both the transforms.
Study of Explosion Characteristics of the Wheat Flour Dust Clouds in Dependence of the Particle Size Distribution
Authors: Kuracina Richard , Szabová Zuzana , Buranská Eva
Published: September 2019

Fire protection is an important part of the industry where flammable and explosive dusts are found. Production, storage and transport of food powders such as flour can be very dangerous in terms of explosiveness. The article deals with the measurement of explosion characteristics of wheat flour dust. The measurements were carried out according to EN 14034-1+A1:2011 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds. Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds and the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise according to EN 14034-2+A1:2012 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max of dust clouds. A sample of wheat flour with a median particle size 84 μm exhibits the maximum explosion pressure 7.00 bar at the concentration of 600 g.m−3 and then explosion constant is 16.9 bar.s−1.m. A sample of wheat flour with a median particle size 50 μm exhibits the maximum explosion pressure 7.97 bar at the concentration of 1000 g.m−3 and the explosion constant 54.9 bar.s−1.m.Based on the results of the measurements, we found that the particle size distribution has a significant influence on the explosion parameters of the wheat flour samples.
Determination of Fire Risk of Selected Alcohols
Authors: Benko Denis , Martinka Jozef , Štefko Tomáš , Wachter Igor , Rantuch Peter
Published: September 2019

The aim of the research was to determine the fire risk of selected flammable liquids (alcohols). Four alcohols, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol, were chosen for the research. Flammable liquids were examined in a cone calorimeter at 0 and 5 kW.m−2 heat fluxes. Both, the cone calorimeter and test procedure, were in accordance with ISO 5660-1:2015. The fire risk was evaluated mainly on the basis of heat release rate, effective heat of combustion and carbon monoxide yield. Comparison of the achieved parameters of selected alcohols shows that the fire risk of the investigated alcohols increases with increasing the molar mass of alcohol and applied heat flow.
The Inflation-Growth Relationship in SSA Inflation-Targeting Countries
Authors: Mavikela Nomahlubi , Mhaka Simba , Phiri Andrew
Published: September 2019

This paper investigates the relationship between inflation and economic growth for South Africa and Ghana using quarterly empirical data collected from 2001 to 2016 applied to the quantile regression method. For our full sample estimates we find that inflation is positively related with growth in Ghana at high inflation levels whilst inflation in South Africa exerts its least adverse effects at high inflation levels. However, when particularly focusing on the post-crisis period, we find inflation exerts negative effects at all levels of inflation for both countries with inflation having its least adverse effects at high levels for Ghana and at moderate levels for South Arica. Based on these findings bear important implications for inflation targeting frameworks adopted by Central Banks in both countries.
Is the Nigerian Stock Market Efficient? Pre and Post 2007-2009 Meltdown Analysis
Authors: Nageri Kamaldeen Ibraheem , Abdulkadir Rihanat Idowu
Published: September 2019

Efficient market hypothesis asserts movements in asset prices are due to significant changes in information. The financial crisis of 2007-2009 originated from subprime mortgages in the United States and affected African countries through local stock markets. This study evaluates the Nigerian stock market efficiency in the pre and post financial meltdown of 2007-2009. GARCH models under three error distributional assumptions were used. The data covers January 2010 to December 2016 divided into pre and post meltdown. Findings indicate that in the pre and post meltdown, the Nigerian stock market is inefficient in the weak form while using the meltdown as event window, the market is efficient in the semi-strong form. It was recommended that prompt release of financial information by quoted firms should be on-line real time and mandatory to discourage rumour and speculative activities. Authority should not only spell out punishments but should be strict and firm about it.
Current Status of Anserinae Wintering in Azov-Black Sea Region of Ukraine
Authors: Andryushchenko Yu. O. , Gavrilenko V. S. , Kostiushyn V. A. , Kucherenko V. N. , Mezinov A. S. , Petrovich Z. O. , Redinov K. A. , Rusev I. T. , Yakovlev M. V.
Published: September 2019

In the article is analyzed own field data of the authors and scientific publications on the wintering of Anserinae in the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine in 1900–2017, but the main data was obtained in frame of international mid-winter counts (IWC) in 2005–2017. It was found that 9 species of Anserinae occur in this region during the different seasons of the year: Anser anser — nesting, wintering and migrating; Rufibrenta ruficollis, A. albifrons, A. erythropus, A. fabalis — migrating and wintering; Branta canadensis, Branta leucopsis, Branta bernicla, Chen caerulescens — vagrant or birds which flew away from captivity (zoo etc.). Eulabeia indica — is possible vagrant species. The most numerous wintering species is A. albifrons, common — Rufibrenta ruficollis, not numerous — Anser anser, the other species are not met annually and registered in a very small number. There was almost tenfold drop in number of wintering geese in the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine during the period of counts. The main reasons of such reducing of geese amount are the followwing: weather and climate conditions, changes in the forage acessibility, hunting and poaching pressure, poisoning as a result of deratization of agricultural lands, and from 2014 — the militarization of the Syvash area and stop of water supplying of Crimea through the North Crimean channell. It is likely that the factors mentioned above led to relocating of wintering areas of Anserinae, and resulted in decreasing of their amount in this region.
BATAVIAASCHE PLANTEN EN DIERENTUIN: KEMUNCULAN GAGASAN KONSERVASI SATWA MELALUI KEBUN BINATANG OLEH ELITE BATAVIA 1864 -1942
Authors: Irmalasari Fitri R.
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article talks about the emergence ofÂ Bataviaasche Planten en DierentuinÂ (BatavianBotanical and Zoological Garden) in 1864 as the first zoological park in Batavia aswell as in East Dutch Indies. It becomes the first Dutch East Indies ex-situ conservation(conservation of plants and/ or animals which was done outside their natural habitat),that was spearheaded by a handful of elite Batavia. The science development in the 19thcentury and political ideology of the Dutch Colonial were the backgrounds of the changingperspective of Batavian well-educated elites towards nature environment and its sourcesincluding animals. Data sources which are the annual reports of the zoo organisation,photographs, travel notes, will disclose the motive and aim as well to necessarily attestthe power of social construction, namely race and social class, as the main driver of theemerging conservation notions and the importance of knowledge on animals for Bataviancitizens from the 19th to early 20th century. The presence of an artificial habitat of plantsand animals in the capital of colonial land, after all, was a microcosm that representedthe change of peopleâ€™s attitude, which is from traditional to modern, as comprehended byBatavian elites in managing animals.Â AbstrakArtikel ini membahas kemunculanÂ Bataviaasche Planten en DierentuinÂ (Kebun Botanidan Binatang Batavia) pada 1864 sebagai kebun binatang pertama di Batavia maupundi Hindia Belanda. Kebun binatang tersebut menjadi konservasi ex-situ (konservasitumbuhan dan/ atau satwa yang dilakukan di luar habitat alaminya) pertama di HindiaBelanda dan dipelopori oleh segelintir elite Batavia. Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuanpada abad ke-19 serta ideologi politik pemerintah kolonial melatarbelakangi perubahancara pandang elite terpelajar Batavia terhadap lingkungan alam beserta isinya, termasuksatwa. Sumber data artikel ini berupa laporan-laporan tahunan pengelola kebun binatang,foto-foto, catatan-catatan perjalanan, yang akan memperlihatkan motivasi dan tujuan parapenggagasnya serta dengan sendirinya menunjukkan kekuatan konstruksi sosial beruparas dan kelas sosial sebagai penggerak utama atas lahirnya gagasan-gagasan mengenaikonservasi dan pentingnya pengetahuan mengenai satwa bagi masyarakat Batavia sejakabad ke-19 hingga awal abad ke-20. Kehadiran sebuah habitat buatan bagi tumbuhandan satwa bernama kebun binatang di ibu kota koloni, bagaimanapun merupakan sebuahmikrokosmos yang merepresentasikan perubahan sikap, yang oleh elite Batavia dipahamisebagai transisi dari sikap masyarakat tradisional ke masyarakat modern dalam mengatursatwa.
PERKEBUNAN TEMBAKAU DAN KAPITALISASI EKONOMI SUMATERA TIMUR
Authors: Akbar Allan
Published: September 2019

AbstractEast Sumatra area was formerly a wilderness, in a short time, has become the mostprofitable plantation area in Sumatra. This development took place due to the success oftobacco cultivation in East Sumatra. The big profit of this tobacco plantation has attractedthe interest of foreign investors to invest in East Sumatra. Besides generated great wealth,tobacco plantation has also brought some impacts on the development of East Sumatra.This study will highlight how the development of tobacco plantations brought wealthto East Sumatra as well as the impacts that occured from the widespread of the newplantings. Using the historical methods, this research aims to explain the economicchanges that occurred in East Sumatra, especially since the rise of the opening of thetobacco plantations by foreign investors. From this study, it appears that the openingof the tobacco plantations has affected to four important changes, which are changes inlifestyle of the traditional elite, the forming of social gap, changes in the demographiccomposition, and the emergence of new towns.Â AbstrakDaerah Sumatera Timur yang sebelumnya merupakan hutan belantara, dalam waktusingkat telah menjadi wilayah perkebunan paling menguntungkan di Pulau Sumatera.Perkembangan ini terjadi berkat keberhasilan budidaya tembakau di Sumatera Timur.Keuntungan yang besar dari perkebunan tembakau menarik minat para investor asinguntuk menanamkan modalnya di Sumatera Timur. Selain mendatangkan kekayaan yangbesar, perkebunan tembakau telah membawa beberapa dampak bagi perkembanganSumatera Timur. Penelitian ini akan menyoroti bagaimana perkembangan perkebunantembakau hingga mendatangkan kekayaan bagi Sumatera Timur serta dampak apa sajayang ditimbulkan akibat dari maraknya pembukaan perkebunan tersebut. Menggunakanmetode sejarah, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perubahan ekonomi yangterjadi di Sumatera Timur terutama sejak maraknya pembukaan perkebunan-perkebunantembakau oleh para investor asing. Dari penelitian ini terlihat bahwa pembukaanperkebunan tembakau berdampak pada empat perubahan penting, seperti perubahan gayahidup kalangan elite tradisional, terjadinya jurang sosial, perubahan komposisi demografi,dan munculnya kota-kota baru.
DIASPORA ORANG BALI: DINAMIKA SOSIAL-BUDAYA UMAT HINDU-BALI DI DESA KERTA BUANA
Authors: Siburian Robert
Published: September 2019

AbstractBalinese people have been living in Kerta Buana village since 1980, when they joinedtransmigration program. In fact, when they migrated to Kalimantan island, it was notsolely a physical, but also a cultural migration. Thus, they still perform their religiousrituals and customs like they used to in Bali so that the people surrounding Kerta Buanavillage do not need to go to Bali to learn and understand Balinese culture and religiousrituals of Hindu-Bali people. The settlement of Hindu-Bali people in a village will be asocial capital to actualize their culture. Related to the settlement of Hindu-Bali peoplein Kerta Buana village, the problems in this article, i.e.: (1) How social dynamics ofHindu-Bali people does in Kerta Buana village? (2) How kind of relationship have thatis built between Kerta Buana village and Bali island? The results of this research showsthat Hindu-Bali community in Kerta Buana village live in a community. So, it is easy tomanage it. The other thing is Hindu-Bali community in Kerta Buana village still carry outreligious rites and customs even though they live far from the area of origin. In fact, theyfabricated the culture in Bali in accordance with the conditions that exist in Kerta Buanavillage. The other thing, Hindu-Bali community still carry out rites and traditions, eventhough far distance from Bali island. In fact, they created Balinese culture for adaptedwith conditions in Kerta Buana village.Â AbstrakKeberadaan orangÂ Bali di Desa Kerta BuanaÂ sudah sejak 1980, yaitu ketika merekamengikuti program transmigrasi. Pada saat mereka bertransmigrasi ke Pulau Kalimantan,ternyata yang bermigrasi tidak hanya fisik tetapi juga kebudayaan mereka. Dengankebudayaan yang ikut serta dengan mereka, ritual agama dan adat istiadat tetap merekalakukan seperti berada di Bali, sehingga masyarakat di sekitar Desa Kerta Buana tidakharus ke Bali untuk memahami kebudayaan dan ritual-ritual kegamaan orang HinduBali. Bermukimnya orang Hindu-Bali di suatu desa menjadi modal sosial untukmengaktualisasikan kebudayaannya itu. Terkait dengan keberadaan orang Hindu-Bali diDesa Kerta Buana, permasalahan yang diangkat dalam tulisan ini meliputi: (1) Bagaimanadinamika sosial orang Hindu-Bali di Desa Kerta Buana? (2) Bagaimana hubungan yangmereka bangun dengan daerah asal di Pulau Bali? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwamasyarakat Hindu-Bali di Desa Kerta BuanaÂ hidup dalam satu komunitas sehingga mudahuntuk menggerakkannya ataupun mengelolanya. Hal lain adalah masyarakat Bali di DesaKerta Buana masih tetap melaksanakan ritual keagamaan dan adat istiadat kendati merekabermukim jauh dari daerah asal. Bahkan mereka merekayasa kebudayaan yang ada diBali sesuai dengan kondisi yang ada di Desa Kerta Buana.
RANAH INFORMAL, PATRON-KLIEN, DAN KEKUASAAN DI KALANGAN JAWARA BANTEN
Authors: Hendrik Herman
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article explains the roles of jawara Banten in the informal sphere, patron-client relationships that they have, and the correlation of those factors with the sustainability of jawaraâ€™s power in Banten. The question is, how is jawara obtain, maintain and expand their power? The aim of this article is to explain the correlation among the three, especially to expose how the former two contribute to the later. The uniqueness of this article compared to other studies on jawara Banten is that the informants of the study are small jawara or jawara kampung, not big jawara often disscussed in many studies. The data for this article were resulted from a field research conducted with qualitative method, especially life-history method, in a region in Serang Regency, Banten. The findings of the research show that the sustainability of jawaraâ€™s power is backed up by the important roles they play in Banten society and their patron-client relationships with many parties, either jawara or non-jawara.Â AbstrakTulisan ini menjelaskan tentang peranan para jawara dalam ranah informal di Banten, hubungan patron-klien yang mereka miliki, dan kaitannya dengan kelanggengan kekuasaan mereka di Banten. Pertanyaannya adalah bagaimanakah para jawara mendapatkan, mempertahankan, dan memperbesar kekuasaan mereka? Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah menjelaskan keterkaitan antara hal-hal tersebut di atas, terutama memaparkan tentang bagaimana peranan sosial para jawara dan hubungan patron-klien yang mereka jalani berkontribusi terhadap kelanggengan kekuasaan mereka. Kekhasan tulisan ini dibandingkan dengan tulisan lain tentang jawara adalah bahwa informan dalam penelitiannya merupakan para jawara kecil atau jawara kampung, bukan jawara besar yang sudah banyak dibicarakan dalam berbagai tulisan. Data untuk tulisan ini dihasilkan dari sebuah penelitian lapangan dengan metode kualitatif, khususnya metode life history, yang dilakukan di sebuah daerah di Kabupaten Serang, Banten. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelanggengan kekuasaan para jawara ditopang oleh peranan penting mereka dalam kehidupan masyarakat Banten dan hubungan patron-klien yang merekamiliki dengan berbagai pihak, baik jawara maupun bukan jawara.
POTRET KONTEMPORER â€œJAWA YANG LAINâ€: DESKRIPSI KEBUDAYAAN MINUMAN BERALKOHOL DI JAWA TENGAH PASCA-REFORMASI
Authors: Nugraha Irfan
Published: September 2019

AbstakKebudayaan Jawa secara popular senantiasa terdeskripsikan dalam nuansa romantis. Deskripsi popular dapat terlihat pada pengimajinasian budaya Jawa selalu termanifestasikan dalam rupanya yang ideal. Pengamatan mengenai minuman beralkohol di Jawa Tengah menunjukkan pertentangan dalam pandangan wacana Kebudayaan Jawa secara popular, terutama ketika memperbandingkan keberadaan minuman beralkohol dengan manifestasi budaya Jawa yang dianggap ideal. Temuan etnografis menunjukkan ciu dan lapen sebagai minuman beralkohol lokal tidak terujuk sebagai representasi ideal, akan tetapi peminumnya memandangnya sebagai salah satu manifestasi budaya Jawa. Permasalahan mengemuka ketika acara tradisional seperti jagongan (seremoni sosial yang hadir saat ritus kehidupan) yang berfungsi untuk mewadahi terjadinya praktik konsumsi minuman beralkohol melenyap. Peminum minuman beralkhol lokal yang umumnya dirujuk sebagai kelompok abangan kini tidak dapat mengonsumsinya secara terbuka akibat berkembangnya gerakan Islam. Temuan dalam tulisan ini tidak sekadar mempertegas pembedaan konsepsi manifestasi budaya yang ideal dalam wacana kebudayaan Jawa secara popular, namun juga mengamati timbulnya ketegangan antara gerakan revitalisasi adat serta gerakan Islam di Jawa Tengah sebagai bagian dari proses demokratisasi di Indonesia. Kajian mengenai budaya dan konsumsi minuman beralkohol sekiranya dapat menggambarkan dinamika yang terjadi pada masyarakat Jawa kontemporer.AbstracThe Javanese culture has been described in the popular discourse as having a romantic sense. Javanese cultural manifestation is imagined to always have an ideal form. My observation presents a paradox when I examine the disctinction between Javanese alcoholic drinks and another cultural manifestation that are perceived as an ideal. In my short ethnographic finding, I found out ciu and lapen as local alcoholic beverages are not considered as an ideal representation of Javanese cultural manifestation. The problem emerges when the traditional ceremony like jagongan (a form of social ceremony in rites of passage) that functions as a drinking haven in the past was faded. The drinker who is generally associated with abangan cannot publicly consume the local alcoholic beverages because the presence of Islam movement. I argue that my finding is not only to show the disctinction of cultural manifestation in the Java popular cultural discourse, but also to capture the tension between the revitalization of adat (customary law) and Islamic movement in Java which are part of the process of democratization in Indonesia. The study on alcohol drinking culture and practice could picture the dynamic of contemporary Java society.Â
APRESIASI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP MUSEUM: PERAN MEDIA MASSA TERHADAP PEMBERITAAN MUSEUM DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Trilestari Irna , Nurhajarini Ratna
Published: September 2019

AbstractReporting about muesum in mass media is still less. So, the existence of museum has not been able to give benefits as an institution that entrusted for preservation of nature and culture heritage. Whereas, museum as a place for fun education, research, and recreational. Another issue that is considered to be a reason of lack of museum involvement for visitors is low public appreciation for museum. The appreciation for museum can be formed through mass media. Therefore, it is important for us to make a research to know the role of mass media for museum reporting. The purpose of this study was to determine quality and quantity of museum reporting in mass media (newspapers, television, and internet). The study was conducted by analyzing mass media reporting about museum in Yogyakarta, in 2008 - 2009. Method that is used in this study, i.e.: content analysis method and focus group discussions (FGD). Content analysis method is a research that is in-depth discussion for contents of information in articles that were printed in a mass media. The results that are obtained in mass media about museum reporting in quantity and quality is still low. The number of museum reporting within a year that are published by mass media is fairly low.Â AbstrakPemberitaan museum di media massa masih kurang sehingga keberadaan museum belum mampu dirasakan manfaat kehadirannya sebagai lembaga yang melaksanakan tugas pelestarian warisan alam dan budaya yang merupakan sebagai tempat pendidikan, penelitian dan rekreasi yang menyenangkan. Permasalahan lain yang dianggap menjadi penyebab kurang berperannya museum bagi masyarakat adalah apresiasi masyarakat yang rendah terhadap museum. Apresiasi masyarakat antara lain dapat terbentuk melalui pemberitaan di media massa. Oleh karena itu, penelitian mengenai bagaimana peran media massa terhadap memberitaan museum penting untuk dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas dan kuantitas pemberitaan di media massa (surat kabar, televisi, dan internet) tentang museum. Adapun penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisa pemberitaan media massa tentang Museum di Yogyakarta pada tahun dasar 2008-2009. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis isi (content analysis) dan diskusi kelompok terpumpun ( focus group discussion). Metode analisis isi adalah penelitian yang bersifat pembahasan mendalam terhadap isi suatu informasi tertulis atau tercetak dalam media massa. Hasil yang diperoleh pemberitaan di media massa mengenai museum secara kuantitas dan kualitas masih tergolong rendah, jumlah pemberitaan dalamÂ  satuÂ  tahunÂ  mengenaiÂ  museumÂ  yangÂ  dimuatÂ  olehÂ  mediaÂ  massaÂ  tergolongÂ  sedikit.Â