bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) gene polymorphisms in individuals with high levels of hemoglobin / Hemoglobin seviyesi yüksek bireylerde hipoksi ile indüklenen faktör-1 alfa (HIF-1α) gen polimorfizminin araştırılması
Authors: Tepebaşı Muhammet Yusuf , Calapoğlu Nilüfer Şahin , Calapoğlu Mustafa
Published: September 2016

Objective: A classic physiologic response to systemic hypoxia is the increase in red blood cell production. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) orchestrate oxygen-sensing machinery and hypoxic cell metabolism. Recent works suggest that mutation of the HIF oxygen-sensing pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the erythrocytosis. In the present study, the probable role of the polymorphic HIF-1α variants, C1772T (P582S) (rs11549465) and G1790A (A588T) (rs115494657), which are known to enhance transcriptional activity, were evaluated in the etiology of the polycythemia.

Methods: A total of 284 subjects 97 with normal levels of hemoglobin (Hgb) 157 with high levels of Hgb, and 30 with polycythemia vera (PV)) were recruited for this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes of all subjects. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was performed for HIF-1α C1772T and G1790A single nucletide polymorphisms (SNP). A complete blood count was performed for all subjects.

Results: There was a significant decrease in the frequency of the HIF-1α C1772T allele T in subjects with PV compared with those in the normal level Hgb group (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.75−0.95; p=0.03). High level Hgb subjects had a significantly higher frequency of the HIF-1α G1790A allele A (OR 10.79; 95% CI 0.62-; 187.96; p=0.027) than the subjects in the normal level Hgb group. A significant difference was observed in genotype distribution of GG and combined GA+AA genotypes of HIF-1α G1790A in PV and normal Hgb level subjects (OR 17.11; 95% CI 0.80−366,61; p>0.05).

Conclusion: Our results suggest that the HIF-1α C1772T and G1790A polymorphisms may be associated with PV in the study population.
Hydrostatic Pressure: A Reversible Inhibitor of Primary Photosynthetic Processes
Authors: Schreiber Ulrich , Vidaver William
Published: September 2016

Primary photosynthetic processes under pressures of up to 1300 atm were studied by means of chlorophyll fluorescence induction (Kautsky-effect) and compared to simultaneous oxygen exchange transients determined polarographically. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction was affected by increased hydrostatic pressure in three distinct ways: 1. At 400 atm loss of the first fluorescence drop (I-D transient), reflecting inhibition of PSI activity; 2. at 400 -1200 atm suppression of the fluores­ cence peak (D -P -S transient), indicating a block at the electron donor site of PS II; 3. at 800 -1200 atm flattening of the first fluorescence rise (O -I transient), suggesting a loss of ex­ citation energy within the pigment system. Pressure effects on oxygen exchange include inhibition of transient oxygen uptake and stimulation of the initial oxygen burst, which is paralleled by loss of the first transient fluorescence drop. Inhibition of the second oxygen burst is accompanied by the elimination of the transient fluorescence peak. The first burst only decreases with pressures exceeding 800 atm, as does the initial fluorescence rise. All pressure effects on fluorescence and oxygen exchange were reversible. Hydrostatic pressure appears to be a useful multilateral inhibitor in the study of primary photosynthetic reactions
Preliminary Investigations on a Pair of Giant Fibers in the Central Nervous System of Dipteran Flies
Authors: Coggshall John C. , Boschek C. Bruce , Buchner Sigrid M.
Published: September 2016

Dipteran flies, anatomy, ventral ganglion, giant fibers, dye injection
Shared Neural Mechanisms for the Evaluation of Intense Sensory Stimulation and Economic Reward, Dependent on Stimulation-Seeking Behavior
Authors: Norbury Agnes , Valton Vincent , Rees Geraint , Roiser Jonathan P. , Husain Masud
Published: September 2016

Why are some people strongly motivated by intense sensory experiences? Here we investigated how people encode the value of an intense sensory experience compared with economic reward, and how this varies according to stimulation-seeking preference. Specifically, we used a novel behavioral task in combination with computational modeling to derive the value individuals assigned to the opportunity to experience an intense tactile stimulus (mild electric shock). We then examined functional imaging data recorded during task performance to see how the opportunity to experience the sensory stimulus was encoded in stimulation-seekers versus stimulation-avoiders. We found that for individuals who positively sought out this kind of sensory stimulation, there was common encoding of anticipated economic and sensory rewards in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Conversely, there was robust encoding of the modeled probability of receiving such stimulation in the insula only in stimulation-avoidant individuals. Finally, we found preliminary evidence that sensory prediction error signals may be positively signed for stimulation-seekers, but negatively signed for stimulation-avoiders, in the posterior cingulate cortex. These findings may help explain why high intensity sensory experiences are appetitive for some individuals, but not for others, and may have relevance for the increased vulnerability for some psychopathologies, but perhaps increased resilience for others, in high sensation-seeking individuals.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPeople vary in their preference for intense sensory experiences. Here, we investigated how different individuals evaluate the prospect of an unusual sensory experience (electric shock), compared with the opportunity to gain a more traditional reward (money). We found that in a subset of individuals who sought out such unusual sensory stimulation, anticipation of the sensory outcome was encoded in the same way as that of monetary gain, in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Further understanding of stimulation-seeking behavior may shed light on the etiology of psychopathologies such as addiction, for which high or low sensation-seeking personality has been identified as a risk factor.
Kinetics of Inhibitory Feedback from Horizontal Cells to Photoreceptors: Implications for an Ephaptic Mechanism
Authors: Warren Ted J. , Van Hook Matthew J. , Tranchina Daniel , Thoreson Wallace B.
Published: September 2016

Inhibitory feedback from horizontal cells (HCs) to cones generates center-surround receptive fields and color opponency in the retina. Mechanisms of HC feedback remain unsettled, but one hypothesis proposes that an ephaptic mechanism may alter the extracellular electrical field surrounding photoreceptor synaptic terminals, thereby altering Ca2+channel activity and photoreceptor output. An ephaptic voltage change produced by current flowing through open channels in the HC membrane should occur with no delay. To test for this mechanism, we measured kinetics of inhibitory feedback currents inAmbystoma tigrinumcones and rods evoked by hyperpolarizing steps applied to synaptically coupled HCs. Hyperpolarizing HCs stimulated inward feedback currents in cones that averaged 8–9 pA and exhibited a biexponential time course with time constants averaging 14–17 ms and 120–220 ms. Measurement of feedback-current kinetics was limited by three factors: (1) HC voltage-clamp speed, (2) cone voltage-clamp speed, and (3) kinetics of Ca2+channel activation or deactivation in the photoreceptor terminal. These factors totaled ∼4–5 ms in cones meaning that the true fast time constants for HC-to-cone feedback currents were 9–13 ms, slower than expected for ephaptic voltage changes. We also compared speed of feedback to feedforward glutamate release measured at the same cone/HC synapses and found a latency for feedback of 11–14 ms. Inhibitory feedback from HCs to rods was also significantly slower than either measurement kinetics or feedforward release. The finding that inhibitory feedback from HCs to photoreceptors involves a significant delay indicates that it is not due to previously proposed ephaptic mechanisms.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLateral inhibitory feedback from horizontal cells (HCs) to photoreceptors creates center-surround receptive fields and color-opponent interactions. Although underlying mechanisms remain unsettled, a longstanding hypothesis proposes that feedback is due to ephaptic voltage changes that regulate photoreceptor synaptic output by altering Ca2+channel activity. Ephaptic processes should occur with no delay. We measured kinetics of inhibitory feedback currents evoked in photoreceptors with voltage steps applied to synaptically coupled HCs and found that feedback is too slow to be explained by ephaptic voltage changes generated by current flowing through continuously open channels in HC membranes. By eliminating the proposed ephaptic mechanism for HC feedback regulation of photoreceptor Ca2+channels, our data support earlier proposals that synaptic cleft pH changes are more likely responsible.
Multivariate Pattern Analysis Reveals Category-Related Organization of Semantic Representations in Anterior Temporal Cortex
Authors: Malone Patrick S. , Glezer Laurie S. , Kim Judy , Jiang Xiong , Riesenhuber Maximilian
Published: September 2016

The neural substrates of semantic representation have been the subject of much controversy. The study of semantic representations is complicated by difficulty in disentangling perceptual and semantic influences on neural activity, as well as in identifying stimulus-driven, “bottom-up” semantic selectivity unconfounded by top-down task-related modulations. To address these challenges, we trained human subjects to associate pseudowords (TPWs) with various animal and tool categories. To decode semantic representations of these TPWs, we used multivariate pattern classification of fMRI data acquired while subjects performed a semantic oddball detection task. Crucially, the classifier was trained and tested on disjoint sets of TPWs, so that the classifier had to use the semantic information from the training set to correctly classify the test set. Animal and tool TPWs were successfully decoded based on fMRI activity in spatially distinct subregions of the left medial anterior temporal lobe (LATL). In addition, tools (but not animals) were successfully decoded from activity in the left inferior parietal lobule. The tool-selective LATL subregion showed greater functional connectivity with left inferior parietal lobule and ventral premotor cortex, indicating that each LATL subregion exhibits distinct patterns of connectivity. Our findings demonstrate category-selective organization of semantic representations in LATL into spatially distinct subregions, continuing the lateral-medial segregation of activation in posterior temporal cortex previously observed in response to images of animals and tools, respectively. Together, our results provide evidence for segregation of processing hierarchies for different classes of objects and the existence of multiple, category-specific semantic networks in the brain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe location and specificity of semantic representations in the brain are still widely debated. We trained human participants to associate specific pseudowords with various animal and tool categories, and used multivariate pattern classification of fMRI data to decode the semantic representations of the trained pseudowords. We found that: (1) animal and tool information was organized in category-selective subregions of medial left anterior temporal lobe (LATL); (2) tools, but not animals, were encoded in left inferior parietal lobe; and (3) LATL subregions exhibited distinct patterns of functional connectivity with category-related regions across cortex. Our findings suggest that semantic knowledge in LATL is organized in category-related subregions, providing evidence for the existence of multiple, category-specific semantic representations in the brain.
A meta-analysis for the echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular structure and function in ARVC: a Study by the Research and Audit Committee of the British Society of Echocardiography
Authors: Qasem Mohammad , Utomi Victor , George Keith , Somauroo John , Zaidi Abbas , Forsythe Lynsey , Bhattacharrya Sanjeev , Lloyd Guy , Rana Bushra , Ring Liam , Robinson Shaun , Senior Roxy , Sheikh Nabeel , Sitali Mushemi , Sandoval Julie , Steeds Richard , Stout Martin , Willis James , Oxborough David
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited pathology that can increase the risk of sudden death. Current task force criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis do not include new, regional assessment tools which may be relevant in a phenotypically diverse disease. We adopted a systematic review and meta-analysis approach to highlight echocardiographic indices that differentiated ARVC patients and healthy controls.

Methods: Data was extracted and analysed from prospective trials that employed a case–control design meeting strict inclusion and exclusion as well as a priori quality criteria. Structural indices included proximal RV outflow tract (RVOT1) and RV diastolic area (RVDarea). Functional indices included RV fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid annular systolic excursion (TAPSE), peak systolic and early diastolic myocardial velocities (S′ and E′, respectively) and myocardial strain.

Results: Patients with ARVC had larger RVOT1 (mean ± s.d.; 34 vs 28 mm, P < 0.001) and RVDarea (23 vs 18 cm2, P < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. ARVC patients also had lower RVFAC (38 vs 46%, P < 0.001), TAPSE (17 vs 23 mm, P < 0.001), S′ (9 vs 12 cm/s, P < 0.001), E′ (9 vs 13 cm/s, P < 0.001) and myocardial strain (−17 vs −30%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: The data from this meta-analysis support current task force criteria for the diagnosis of ARVC. In addition, other RV measures that reflect the complex geometry and function in ARVC clearly differentiated between ARVC and healthy controls and may provide additional diagnostic and management value. We recommend that future working groups consider this data when proposing new/revised criteria for the echocardiographic diagnosis of ARVC.
Characterization of tetraspanin protein CD81 in mouse spermatozoa and bovine gametes
Authors: Jankovicova Jana , Frolikova Michaela , Sebkova Natasa , Simon Michal , Cupperova Petra , Lipcseyova Denisa , Michalkova Katarina , Horovska Lubica , Sedlacek Radislav , Stopka Pavel , Antalikova Jana , Dvorakova-Hortova Katerina
Published: September 2016

Sperm–egg interaction and fusion represent a key moment of fertilization. In mammals, it is not possible without the interaction of the tetraspanin superfamily proteins including CD81. A detailed immunohistochemical localization of CD81 was monitored in bovine oocytes during different maturation stages, as well as during early embryogenesis. In addition, characterization of CD81 was carried out in bovine and mouse sperm. In bovine eggs, CD81 was detected on the plasma membrane of the germinal vesicle, metaphase I and metaphase II oocytes. During fertilization, accumulation of CD81 molecules in the perivitelline space of fertilized oocytes, which appeared as vesicles associated with plasma membrane, was observed. In majority of bull-ejaculated sperm and caput, corpus and cauda epididymal sperm, as well as mouse cauda epididymal sperm, CD81 was found on the plasma membrane covering the apical acrosome. Although the process of capacitation did not influence the localization of CD81, it was lost from the surface of the acrosome-reacted spermatozoa in bull, in contrast to mouse sperm where there was a relocalization of the CD81 protein during acrosome reaction across the equatorial segment and later over the whole sperm head. The presented results highlight conservative unifying aspects of CD81 expression between cattle and mouse, together with mouse-specific traits in sperm CD81 behaviour, which emphasizes certain species-specific mechanisms of fertilization to be considered.
Savimonė ir absoliutas
Authors: Ciancio Claudio
Published: September 2016

Sąmonės filosofijos nepajėgia iki galo apsvarstyti kokybinių skirtumų tarp įvairių žmogiškojo suvokimo turinių. Savitumas, skiriantis žmogaus sąmonę nuo gyvūno sąmonės, susijęs su žmogaus galimybe reprezentuoti taip pat ir absoliutą bei laisvę. Kadangi šios sąvokos reprezentuoja absoliučią kitybę, vadinasi, jos kaip tokios viršija žmogaus galimybes. Šio perviršio kolizija grąžina sąmonę prie jos pačios, išlaisvindama ją. Šiuo būdu sąmonė tampa absoliuto vaizdiniu.
Nedėkingųjų karalystė. Oikos ir gamta technikos amžiuje
Authors: Cuozzo Gianluca
Published: September 2016

Pasitelkęs techniką, žmogus transformavo patį save į milžinišką išbadėjusią ryklę, nepasotinamą būtybę, kurios šiurpą keliantis vaizdinys tarsi paspruko iš Peterio Bruegelio fantazijų. Šio vartotojiško godumo pasekmė – sąvartynu po atviru dangumi paverstas mus supantis pasaulis, gimdantis naujus košmarus, kurių veikėjai – „žiurkės ir paranoja“. Žmogų, redukuotą iki paprasčiausio vartotojo, apibūdina vampyriškas jo elgesys su jau ir taip nualintos planetos ištekliais. Toks žmogus – parazituojanti būtybė, pasaulio netekęs našlaitis, paskyręs save visų natura naturans gėrybių grobimui. Kai kurie meniniai atvaizdai, pradedant Michelangelo Bounarroti ir baigiant Casparo Davido Friedricho kūriniais, gali būti suprantami kaip pamoka, aiškinanti harmoningo santykio su pasauliu pagrindus, padedanti išvengti Ikaro, ekscentriškojo homo economicus pirmtako, beprotybės. Kol ne vėlu, privalome kuo skubiau susirūpinti mūsų bendrais, Didžiajai Būčiai priklausančiais, namais. Laiko liko nedaug. Mūsų atliekų pripildytos erdvės harmonija negrįžtamai pažeista.
Krizė, (neapsi)sprendimas? Nuo Carlo Schmitto prie raštininko Bartlbio
Authors: Sferrazza Papa Ernesto Calogero
Published: September 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama „sprendimo“ sąvokos sąsaja su „krizės“ sąvoka Carlo Schmitto mąstyme. Pirmoje straipsnio dalyje, pasitelkus jo pagrindinių knygų Diktatūra (1921) ir Politinė teologija (1921) analizę, mėginama parodyti, kodėl Schmittas gali būti laikomas „krizės mąstytoju“. Antroje straipsnio dalyje pagrindžiama, kodėl sąvokos „krizė“ ir „sprendimas“ Schmitto doktrinoje yra susijusios. Paskutinėje straipsnio dalyje mėginama imtis Schmitto decizionizmui priešingos skaitymo strategijos pasitelkus du literatūrinius personažus – raštininką Bartlby ir mulą Nasrediną. Šioje straipsnio dalyje taip pat svarstoma, ar Giorgio Agambeno galios teorija gali pasiūlyti adekvačią atsvarą politikoje vyraujančiai decizionistinei prieigai. Autorius siekia parodyti, kaip neapsisprendimu, svyravimu besiremianti prieiga gali atsisakyti „krizės“, kurioje gyvena mūsų visuomenė, žodyno.
Current Roles and Perceived Needs of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellowship Graduates
Authors: Oshimura Jennifer M. , Bauer Benjamin D. , Shah Neha , Nguyen Eugene , Maniscalco Jennifer
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVES:

Pediatric hospitalists report the need for additional training in clinical and nonclinical domains. Pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) fellowships seek to provide this training and produce leaders in the field. Our objective is to describe current roles and perceived training needs of PHM fellowship graduates.

METHODS:

In 2014, all PHM fellowship graduates were asked to complete a Web-based survey. Survey questions addressed demographics, past training, current roles, and training needs in clinical care, research, education, and administration. Associations between fellowship experiences and outcomes were examined.

RESULTS:

Fifty-one of 61 eligible individuals completed the survey. Average duration as a pediatric hospitalist was 5 years. Ninety percent completed pediatric categorical residency, whereas 10% completed an Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Residency. Most respondents completed a 1- (38%) or 2-year (46%) fellowship program. Ninety-six percent of respondents currently work in academic environments. The perceived need for additional clinical training was low, except procedures (44%). Nearly all teach medical students and pediatric residents, reporting adequate training in variety of teaching strategies. The majority of respondents conduct research, most commonly quality improvement (QI; 67%) and education (52%). Two-thirds are first authors on at least 1 peer-reviewed article. Research training needs include QI methodology (44%), biostatistics (43%), and obtaining funding (54%). A considerable number of respondents have academic leadership positions.

CONCLUSIONS:

PHM fellowship graduates are academic hospitalists with diverse responsibilities. Despite a short average career span, many have achieved leadership roles and been academically productive. Future curriculum development should focus on procedures, QI, and research training.
Factors Associated With Potentially Preventable Pediatric Admissions Vary by Diagnosis: Findings From a Large State
Authors: Medford-Davis Laura N. , Shah Rohan , Kennedy Danielle , Becker Emilie
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this study was to determine characteristics associated with potentially preventable pediatric admissions as defined by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

METHODS:

The Texas Inpatient Public Use Data File, an administrative database of hospital admissions, identified 747 040 pediatric admissions ages 0 to 17 years to acute care facilities between 2005 and 2008. Potentially preventable admissions included 5 diagnoses: asthma, perforated appendicitis, diabetes, gastroenteritis, and urinary tract infection. A hierarchical multivariable logistic regression model clustered by admitting hospital and adjusted for admission date estimated the patient and hospital factors associated with potentially preventable admission.

RESULTS:

An average of 71 444 hospital days per year and 14.1% (N = 105 055) of all admissions were potentially preventable, generating $304 million in hospital charges per year in 1 state. Younger age (odds ratio [OR]: 2.88 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.80–2.96]), black race (OR: 1.48 [95% CI: 1.45–1.52]) or Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 1.06 [95% CI: 1.04–1.08]), lower income (OR: 1.11 [95% CI: 1.02–1.20]), comorbid substance abuse disorder (OR: 2.03 [95% CI: 1.75–2.34]), and admission on a weekend (OR: 1.05 [95% CI: 1.03–1.06]) or to a critical access hospital (OR: 1.61 [95% CI: 1.20–2.14]) were high-risk factors for potentially preventable admission, whereas Native American race (OR: 0.91 [95% CI: 0.85–0.98]), government insurance (OR: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.89–0.96]) or no insurance (OR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.89–0.96]), and living in a rural county (OR: 0.70 [95% CI: 0.68–0.73]) were associated factors. However, most factors varied from high to low odds depending on which of the 5 potentially preventable diagnoses was examined.

CONCLUSIONS:

Potentially preventable admissions represent a high burden of time and costs for the pediatric population, but strategies to reduce them should be tailored to each diagnosis because the associated factors are not uniform across all potentially preventable admissions.
BIO-EXPLOITATION STATUS OF BOMBAY DUCK (Harpadon nehereus HAMILTON, 1822) ON TRAWL FISHERY IN TARAKAN WATERS
Authors: Nugroho Duto , Faizah Ria , Prasetyo Andhika P. , Badrudin M.
Published: September 2016

North Kalimantan Province, notably Tarakan City marine waters, is one of the important fishing ground in boundary area among Sulu Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion. It produces approximately 100 mt/annum of Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) with valued of US$ 750,000. The sustainability of this fishery is a crucially concern given the following: substantial economic contribution, significant dependence of small-scale fishers on this species for their livelihoods. The fishing intensities considerable and growing threats to their habitats. To evaluate the vulnerability of individual species to over exploitation, the spawning potential ratio (SPR) approach applied to describe the status of its existing fisheries. This approach provides the ability to determine fishing mortality as reference points to enhance its sustainability. The objective of this study is to understand this fish biomass resilience to harvesting. The calculated SPR based on the value of estimated length of first capture or Lc at 208 mm is equivalent to the SPR of 28%. With a base line of stocks are generally thought to risk recruitment declining when SPR <20%, recent finding indicated that the existing fishery can be generally described as nearly fully exploited. In recognition of this sector’s has an ecological importance and socio-economic significance, the sustainable development of Bombay duck fisheries should be initiated through developing local fishery committee to provide a their local fishery management plan.
DETERMINING MONOFILAMENT GILLNET OPTIMUM MESH SIZE TO MITIGATE Amphilophus citrinellus POPULATION OUTBREAKS IN IR.H.DJUANDA RESERVOIR
Authors: Tampubolon Prawira A.R.P. , Pradana Imanda Hikmat , Warsa Andri
Published: September 2016

Gillnet is the most common fishing gear used by fishers in Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir. Currently, gillnet catches are dominated by midas cichlid (Amphilophus citrinellus) which is not the main target catch. To some extent, their presence is even considered intrusive by the fishers. The aim of this study is to reveal the optimum gillnet mesh size in catching this alien species, which in turn can be useful to control the fish population in Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir. The study was conducted from August 2011 to January 2012. The mesh size of the gillnets were 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 inches. The total midas cichlid caught were 628 fish which were mostly caught in 1.5 inches sized gillnet. Length first mature fish is 13.31 cm. The optimum size of fish caught in the mesh of 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 inches are 9.7, 12.9, 16.2, 19.4, and 22.6 cm, respectively.
EFFECTS OF DIPOLE MODE AND EL-NINO EVENTS ON CATCHES OF YELLOWFIN TUNA (Thunnus albacares) IN THE EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN OFF WEST JAVA
Authors: Amri Khairul , Suman Ali , Irianto Hari Eko , Wudianto Wudianto
Published: September 2016

The effects of Indian Ocean Dipole Mode and El Niño–Southern Oscillation events on catches of YellowfinTuna (Thunnus albacares) in the Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) off Java were evaluated through the use of remotely sensed environmental data (sea surface temperature/SST and chlorophyll-a concentration/SSC) and Yellowfin Tuna catch data. Analyses were conducted for the period of 2003–2012, which included the strong positive dipole mode event in association with weak El-Nino 2006.Yellowfin Tuna catch data were taken from Palabuhanratu landing place and remotely sensed environmental data were taken from MODIS-Aqua sensor.The result showed that regional climate anomaly Indian Ocean Dipole Mode influenced Yellowfin Tuna catch and its composition. The catches per unit effort (CPUE) of Thunnus alabacares in the strong positive dipole mode event in 2006 and weak El-Nino events in 2011 and 2012 was higher. The increase patern of CPUE followed the upwelling process, started from May-June achieved the peak between September-October.Very high increase in CPUE when strong positive dipole mode event (2006) and a weak El-Nino events (2011 and 2012) had a relation with the increase in the distribution of chlorophyll-a indicating an increase in the abundance of phytoplankton (primary productivity) due to upwelling. In contrast, yellowfin tuna CPUE is very low at the La-Nina event (2005), though as the dominant catch when compared to others.
PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN DI SUNGAI (STUDI KASUS: DI KABUPATEN PESISIR SELATAN, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT)
Authors: Firdaus Maulana , Huda Hakim Miftakhul
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bentuk pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan di sungai di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan serta manfaatnya terhadap masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, Sumatera Barat yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2009. Data primer dan sekunder digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan dikumpulkan dengan metode survei, responden dipilih secara purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan di sungai di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan dikelola oleh masyarakat dalam bentuk kawasan konservasi adat atau dikenal dengan istilah lubuk larangan. Sementara, Pembentukan lubuk larangan harus memiliki peraturan dari Nagari dan ada kelompok yang mengelolanya. Lubuk larangan di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan telah ditetapkan melalui Surat Keputusan Bupati Pesisir Selatan No. 523 Tahun 2007, tentang Penetapan Kawasan Konservasi Adat Perairan Air Tawar. Keberadaan lubuk larangan telah memberikan manfaat yaitu untuk menjaga kelestarian sumberdaya ikan dan peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat di sekitar lubuk larangandengan cara mendirikan warung yang menjual minuman dan makanan ringan bagi para pengunjung lubuk larangan.
Covering Body, Uncovering Identity: Chinese Muslim Women’s Vocabularies of Dress, Based on Fieldwork in Northwest and Central China
Authors: Jaschok Maria , Ke Man
Published: September 2016

This ethnography of Chinese female Islamic dress serves to explore the way that Chinese Muslim women of different generations and backgrounds both seek accommodation and meaning within the gendered modernity of a rapidly changing Chinese (non-Muslim) society and also strive for transcending authenticity as they translate Islamic prescriptions into personal conduct. The authors present defining characteristics of local versions of the Chinese hijab within the rich diversity of China’s Muslim contexts and across complex religious landscape of an ethnic religion. Building on the work of international Islamic feminist scholars, the concept of the hijab is explored in terms of three dimensions, incorporating the visual dimension as shielding from the public gaze; the spatial, demarcating the public from the private sphere; and the ethical, informing thought and ideas.
Bambini testedure, adolescenti extraterrestri e nonni ciliegi. Un viaggio metafo-rico tra le infanzie di alcuni scrittori italiani contemporanei di letteratura per l’infanzia
Authors:   Università di Foggia, De Serio Barbara
Published: September 2016

HARD-HEADED CHILDREN, EXTRATERRESTRIAL ADOLESCENTS, AND CHERRY - TREE GRANDPARENTS: A METAPHORICAL VOYAGE THROUGH THE CHILDHOODS OF SOME CONTEMPORARY ITALIAN AUTHORS OF CHILDREN’S LITERATURE this contribution retraces the subjects of some novels by contemporary Italian writers of children’s literature. the novels were chosen amongst those that seem to best represent “good literature” that is able to build critical and creative readers and that is inclined to shape its own depiction of reality and to move in a utopian way towards the research. It is a literature that teaches children how to face life’s problems and find the right key to change the world in a democratic direction. the model of “nonconformist” literature to which this contribution refers looks at the epistemological model of Gianni Rodari and the fantastic creativity he uses to tell children about reality without restriction or censure. Rodari’s model has been recovered by many contemporary children’s literature writers, such as Donatella ziliotto, Angela Nanetti, Bianca Pitzorno and Giusy Quarenghi. these authors are taken into account within this article for their ability to see literature as a tool for growth and a support for a child’s identity construction, with particular regard to gender identity, which today is still the focus of stereotypes and cultural conditioning that often weaken the development of children, negating their need to freely respond to their personal attitudes. A fundamental role in a child’s growth is played by grandparents, to whom some of these novels are addressed, as mediators amongst different generations and who are able to support children and young adults in the process of reconstructing their past and planning their future.
Dyskurs przestrzeni - przestrzeń dyskursu. Obraz miasta w Innej Wenecji Predra-ga Matvejevicia
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski, Majdzik Katarzyna
Published: September 2016

THE DISCOURSE OF SPACE - THE SPACE OF DISCOURSE. THE IMAGE OF THE CITY IN DRUGA VENECIJA (THE OTHER VENICE: SECRETS OF THE CITY) BY PREDRAG MATVEJEVIĆ the author of this article reconstructs the image of Venice depicted in the novel-essay Druga Venecija (The Other Venice: Secrets of the City) by Predrag Matvejević. the novel is characterised by multilingualism (loanwords from the Italian language and its dialects) and contributions from other arts (numerous illustrations, maps, photo reprints, etc.). the discursive mechanisms shaping the impression of space and the world that is represented, as well as the nonlinguistic (visual) ways of its reproduction, are analysed in the article. the narration of the novel is deprived of plot, as it is essayistic and dehistoricised. The book incorporates different genres, combining elements of the essay, travelogue novels, encyclopaediae, and portolan charts. It is characterised by minimalism and restrained language, which are distinguishing features of Matvejević’s work. the poetics of minimalism is reflected in the fragmentation of the plot, the selectivity of themes, and the simplicity of style. the writer concentrates on presenting the details, exploring unknown areas that are overlooked in other literary descriptions of Venice. the originality of Matvejević’s creative method is based on tracking down abandoned, non-obvious, and devastated places; the book, therefore, describes the passages of the city, referring random information and fragments of other stories and legends. enumeration is the most frequent figure of speech used by the writer to describe phenomena in a synchronous and non-hierarchical way. the starting point for the considerations made in this article are the philosophical concepts of the relationship of semiotic systems and different types of art (both applied and fine) to the category of spatiality (Derrida, Rewers, eco, taine).
Sopra-vivere nell’inferno: una eredità calviniana
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Redaelli Stefano
Published: September 2016

SURVIVING IN THE “INFERNO”: A LEGACY OF CALVINO the present study aims to highlight two survival strategies in the “inferno of the living” that emerge from the analysis of Invisible Cities: lightness and gaze. the value of lightness is visible in the “thin cities”, which share a fragile architecture, the contrary reaction opposing the heaviness of living, the distance from the ground. “the hidden cities”, in turn, provide the motive for a reflection (a lecture) on gaze, with the aim of training the gaze to “recognize that which is not hell”: the happy city inside the unhappy city. In Invisible Cities, Calvino’s gaze still has an ethical and civic function (present in The Day of a Scrutineer). this function, however, will give way to the epistemic and scientific function of Mr. Palomar (from The Cosmicomics onwards), whose eye is exclusively concerned with measuring the limits of knowledge, which never extends, in a revealing way, from the natural world to the human world. thirty years after Calvino’s death, amongst the many legacies leftby his multifaceted literary work, we can recover the ethical and civic dimension expressed by the values of lightness and gaze.
Płynna gramatyka. Wybrane problemy metodologii i dydaktyki gramatyki języka włoskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Słapek Daniel
Published: September 2016

LIQUID GRAMMAR: SOME PROBLEMS REGARDING THE METHODOLOGY AND DIDACTICS OF ITALIAN GRAMMAR Italian grammar today is still subject to change and reinterpretation. In this article, I attempt to introduce some problems regarding Italian grammar from the point of view of the methodology of grammar didactics. It is not, therefore, a study of the standard Italian language; rather, it is mainly a reflection on the creation of grammar rules and their explication in grammar textbooks that are dedicated primarily to foreigners. the problems that students of Italian grammar may encounter are the following, among others: the presentation of outdated grammar structures (the differences between standard grammar and actual language practice); a lack of explicitly expressed rules for various language problems; a lack of discussion about grammatical differences that result due to sociolinguistic variations; and a lack of appropriate comments for some grammar issues, which cause difficulties for foreigners. I seek to suggest some methodological solutions and to define the features of grammar (textbooks) on an academic level that could help to overcome—at least partially—similar problems. All questions that I discuss in the present text are illustrated with examples taken from popular academic grammar textbooks written by Polish and Italian linguists.
ESTABLISHMENT OF YOUNG “DWARF GREEN” COCONUT PLANTS IN SOIL AFFECTED BY SALTS AND UNDER WATER DEFICIT
Authors: SILVA ALEXANDRE REUBER ALMEIDA DA , BEZERRA FRANCISCO MARCUS LIMA , LACERDA CLAUDIVAN FEITOSA DE , ARAÚJO MARIA EMÍLIA BEZERRA DE , LIMA RONNEY MENDES MAGALHÃES DE , SOUZA CARLOS HENRIQUE CARVALHO
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT The aim was to analyze the establishment of young “Green Dwarf” coconut plants in soils affected by salts and under water stress, by evaluating leaf area, biomass production and allocation. In the experiment, conducted in protected environment in Fortaleza, CE, in statistical design of randomized blocks in a split plot arrangement, the effects of different water deficit levels (plots) were evaluated, by imposing different percentages of replacement of water losses by potential crop evapotranspiration - ETpc (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%), associated with subplots consisting of increasing soil salinity levels (1.72, 6.25, 25.80 and 40.70 dS m-1) provided by soil collected at different parts of the Morada Nova Irrigated Perimeter - PIMN. Leaf area and biomass production were sharply reduced by the conditions of water stress and high soil salinity, apparently being more critical to the crop under water restriction condition. The degree of water stress can increase the susceptibility to salinity and plants can be considered, in general terms, as moderately tolerant to the effects of salinity, when combined with water deficiency. Coconut seedlings show full capacity of establishment in PIMN saline soils, corresponding to the level of electrical conductivity of 6.50 dS m-1, but only when the water supply remains adequate. For higher salinity levels, plants survive, but their size is reduced by around 50%, even when fully irrigated.
A Ideografia do Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus e Funções Recursivas Primitivas
Authors: Lopes Felipe Oliveira Araújo
Published: September 2016

Resumo No Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (T) Wittgenstein apresenta o esboço de uma ideografia a qual ele pretende perspícua às condições essenciais de uma representação linguística. Seu estilo lacônico e sua notação elíptica, no entanto, deixam subentendidos diversos elementos fundamentais para o estabelecimento de uma sintaxe satisfatória com esse objetivo. O presente artigo faz o levantamento de alguns dos principais pontos obscuros em sua notação, buscando aproximá-la de estruturas similares às observadas em funções recursivas primitivas. A seção 1 discute como a lógica pura no Tractatus permite a obtenção de uma sintaxe lógica, comum a qualquer sistema de sinais em uma representação, e como a partir dela é possível estabelecer a ideografia. As seções 2 de 3 apresentam a derivação dessa ideografia utilizando os procedimentos da lógica pura, resultando na Forma Geral da Proposição, na Forma Geral da Operação, na Forma Geral da Série e na Forma Geral do Número. As seções 4 e 5 associam a notação ideográfica do Tractatus à notação de funções recursivo-primitivas.
Precipitação na Cidade de Salvador: Variabilidade Temporal e Classificação em Quantis
Authors: Santos Ana Paula Paes dos , Aragão Maria Regina da Silva , Correia Magaly de Fátima , Santos Sérgio Rodrigo Quadros dos , Silva Fabrício Daniel dos Santos , Araújo Heráclio Alves de
Published: September 2016

Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir com o estudo da precipitação na cidade de Salvador–BA. Os totais mensais de precipitação obtidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia no período de 51 anos (1961-2011) fundamentaram esta pesquisa. A variabilidade pluviométrica foi analisada com ênfase na determinação das classes da precipitação nas escalas anual, quadrimestral e mensal. Foram utilizados os testes de significância não paramétricos de Mann-Kendall e as estimativas de inclinação pelo método da Curvatura de Sen. Na classificação pluviométrica foi utilizado o Método dos Percentis (Quantis). Para a análise anual, os resultados mostraram que 1964 (1961) foi um ano classificado como “muito chuvoso” (“muito seco”). Na análise do quadrimestre mais chuvoso AMJJ (mais seco ASON), o ano de 1971 (1980) foi o mais extremo “muito chuvoso” (“muito seco”). Na análise mensal, o evento que obteve maior volume pluviométrico ocorreu em abril de 1984 com registros de 889,8 mm. A análise da tendência mostrou uma redução no volume de chuva na escala anual, entretanto, sem significância estatística. Grande parte dos eventos analisados ocorreram com condições oceânicas no Pacífico equatorial e/ou Atlântico Sul Tropical favoráveis (desfavoráveis) ao aumento (diminuição) do volume de chuva na área em estudo, tendo por base uma análise qualitativa.
Análise de Espectro Singular e Wavelet sobre Série Temporal de Profundidade Ótica de Aerossóis no Pantanal do Brasil
Authors: Palácios Rafael da Silva , Marques João Basso , Prado Magdiel Josias do , Musis Carlo Ralph De , Sallo Fernando da Silva , Sanches Luciana , Paulo Sérgio Roberto de , Nogueira José de Souza
Published: September 2016

Resumo As variações das propriedades óticas dos aerossóis podem interferir nos processos de transferência de energia entre a atmosfera e a superfície terrestre. A AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) é a variável mais usada para este propósito, a qual possibilita obtenção das principais tendências e periodicidades das variações. Este trabalho objetivou verificar a habilidade das técnicas SSA (Singular Spectrum Analysis) e Wavelet em descrever as flutuações, e respectivas periodicidades, presentes em uma série temporal de 12 anos (2003-2014) de AOD na faixa do espectro de 550 nm (AOD 550 nm) sobre a região do Pantanal brasileiro. Os dados de AOD 550 nm foram adquiridos dos produtos do sensor MODIS, a bordo dos satélites TERRA e AQUA, e foram submetidos a análise de SSA, permitindo a descrição das principais periodicidades da AOD 550 nm, além de constatar dois períodos dominantes, 1 e 0,5 ano, tendo pequenas variações. A Wavelet de Morlet inferiu as periodicidades estatisticamente significativas, entre as quais também foram detectadas periodicidades anual e semestral. Ambas as técnicas reproduziram as principais oscilações dos valores da AOD 550 nm, bem como a gradativa redução dos valores de AOD 550 nm a partir de 2011. A Wavelet possibilitou a interpretação e visualização das principais periodicidades ao longo do tempo, sendo possível verificar em quais instantes as periodicidades ocorreram.
UMA OUTRA APRENDIZAGEM É POSSÍVEL: COLABORAÇÃO EM MASSA, RECURSOS EDUCACIONAIS ABERTOS E ENSINO DE LÍNGUAS
Authors: Leffa Vilson J.
Published: September 2016

RESUMO O uso de Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REAs) tem despertado a atenção dos pesquisadores na área da educação pelas contribuições que pode trazer para o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem, incluindo o ensino de línguas. Um dos problemas encontrados, no entanto, tem sido a dificuldade de adaptação dos REAs a diferentes contextos de aprendizagem, na medida em que vêm prontos para o professor e não apresentam facilidades de modificação. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é descrever os resultados obtidos com um sistema de autoria que permita ao professor produzir e/ou adaptar REAs que atendam às necessidades específicas de seus alunos. Para isso, usa-se como metodologia de desenvolvimento o recurso de software livre, com base na linguagem PHP, em uma concepção de colaboração em massa, em que cada REA pode ser desmontado em seus componentes básicos pelo professor, remontado com modificações e redistribuído para outros professores. Esses outros professores, por sua vez, usando o princípio da modularidade elástica embutida no sistema, podem repetir o processo e introduzir novas modificações, criando um amplo acervo, praticamente sem limites de acesso, de espaço para armazenamento e de possibilidades de modificação. Os resultados, conforme exemplos produzidos e modificados por professores, mostram, do lado positivo, a viabilidade do sistema em produzir REAs adaptados a diferentes contextos de aprendizagem. Do lado que precisa ser melhorado, percebe-se a necessidade de o professor se adaptar ao mundo virtual, produzindo materiais mais interativos, muito além do texto impresso em papel.
A LINGUAGEM DOS EMOJIS
Authors: Paiva Vera Lúcia Menezes de Oliveira e
Published: September 2016

RESUMO Partindo do pressuposto de que a linguagem é um sistema adaptativo complexo, este artigo demonstra que as tecnologias de comunicação digital têm forte impacto na interação humana, especialmente quando mediadas por tecnologias móveis, e, como consequência, introduzem mudanças na linguagem. Um desses fenômenos é o uso de emojis, figuras geradas pelo sistema Unicode para representar emoções, e os stickers usados para o mesmo fim em redes sociais como o Facebook. Este texto apresenta a história dos emojis; discute sua circulação nas interações por tecnologia móvel; e identifica regularidades sintáticas e discursivas em dados recolhidos do Twitter, WhatsApp e Facebook. Além disso, demonstra como essa nova linguagem tem sido usada por outros meios de comunicação.
MULTILETRAMENTOS E USOS DAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO COM ALUNOS DE CURSOS TÉCNICOS
Authors: Corrêa Hércules Tolêdo , Dias Daniela Rodrigues
Published: September 2016

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com professores e alunos de dois cursos técnicos integrados ao Ensino Médio, inseridos no contexto da disciplina de Língua Portuguesa do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais - IFMG Campus Ouro Preto. A pesquisa buscou identificar os usos pedagógicos dessas tecnologias digitais em sala de aula; os usos no cotidiano dos alunos, dentro e fora da escola, bem como contribuir para a utilização das TDIC de forma integrada ao conteúdo curricular. Fundamentamos-nos teoricamente nos estudos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores das áreas dos letramentos, multiletramentos e das TDIC. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa que utilizou o estudo de caso e a pesquisa-intervenção como procedimentos metodológicos. Os dados coletados evidenciam que as TDIC, com forte presença no cotidiano dos alunos, têm sido pouco exploradas dentro da sala de aula, apesar de os alunos acreditarem na sua contribuição para o ensino-aprendizagem das diferentes disciplinas. Os dados coletados também apontam para a importância do desenvolvimento dos multiletramentos e usos das TDIC por meio de projetos integrados com o conteúdo curricular, proporcionando aos professores formas efetivas de trabalhar conteúdos relevantes e aos alunos o desenvolvimento da autonomia e da criatividade, com trabalhos em equipe, pesquisas e seleções de informações.