bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Moderate and Severe COVID-19: A Focus on Early Statin Use and Previous CVD
Authors: Khosravi Arezoo , Ghodsi Saeed , Memarjafari Mohammadreza , Nematollahi Alireza , Sheikh-Sharbafan Reza , Sadre-Bafghi Seyed-Ali , Moosavi Seyed-Vahid , Abdollahzadeh Mansour , Jalali Arash , Moshkani Farahani Maryam
Published: November 2023

Background: Limited data exist regarding the status of long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We aimed to examine the efficacy of early statin use after SARS‑CoV‑2 pneumonia and the impact of prior CVD on the incidence of cardiovascular events.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed on hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) as a composite of cardiovascular mortality, stroke, heart failure, venous thromboembolism (VTE), revascularization, and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). The secondary endpoints comprised MACE components, all-cause mortality, readmission for COVID-19, and impaired functional classes.
Results: The mean age of the 858 participants was 55.52±13.97 years, and the median follow-up time was 13 months (11.5-15). Men comprised 63.9% of the patients. Overall, MACE occurred in 84 subjects (9.8%), and 98 patients (11.4%) received ventilation. A multivariate Cox regression model was employed to explore the association between statin use and outcomes, and the following hazard ratios were obtained: MACE (0.831 [0.529 to 0.981]; P=0.044), All-cause mortality (1.098 [0.935 to 1.294]; P=0.255), stroke (0.118 [0.029 to 0.48]; P=0.003), revascularization (0.103 [0.029 to 0.367]; P<0.0001), poor functional capacity (0.827 [0.673 to 1.018]; P=0.073), nonfatal MI (0.599 [0.257 to 1.394]; P=0.234), VTE (0.376 [0.119 to 1.190]; P=0.096), and decompensated heart failure (0.137 [0.040 to 0.472]; P=0.002). Prior CVD predicted MACE (2.953 [1.393 to 6.271]; P=0.005), all-cause death (1.170 [0.960 to 1.412]; P=0.102), and VTE (2.770 [0.957 to 8.955]; P=0.051).
Conclusion: Previous CVD is a robust predictor of long-term MACE and VTE. Early statin use might decrease the incidence rates of MACE, ischemic stroke, revascularization, and readmission for heart failure.
Vegetation Formation and Aortitis as a Possible Sequela of COVID-19 in a Patient with an Aortic Stent: A Case Report
Authors: Tabrizi Mehrnoush Toufan , Parvizi Rezayat , Javanshir Elnaz
Published: November 2023

Bacteria, especially staphylococcal groups, cause aortic graft infection. Infection stems from synthetic materials that repair aneurysms or artery blockages. Aortic stent infection and vegetation formation are rare, and heterogeneous presentations and ambiguous findings in routine diagnostic modalities render the diagnosis challenging.
A 25-year-old man with a history of catheter-based aortic stenting for hypertension associated with severe aortic coarctation was referred to our tertiary care hospital. Five months before the presentation, the patient had been infected with COVID-19, but he recovered after mild symptoms. Nevertheless, 3 months later, he developed erythematous lesions, progressive anorexia, epigastric pain, fever, and weakness. The results of blood tests, blood cultures, transthoracic echocardiography, plain chest radiography, computed tomography angiography, and electrocardiography were unremarkable. We found severe infectious aortitis, crescent thickness surrounding the aorta, pseudoaneurysm development, and a mass with dimensions of 17 mm×8 mm within the aortic stent on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy was initiated, and the patient was transferred to the operating room, where the infected stent and adhesive vegetation were removed. The patient recovered remarkably after the surgery and was discharged. At 6 months’ follow-up, he was in good condition.
Our findings highlight the significance of maintaining vigilance and a high level of clinical suspicion for the possibility of vegetation formation and aortitis as the possible sequelae of COVID-19, particularly in patients with an implanted stent. Furthermore, we strongly suggest TEE in patients with implanted stents to detect vegetation and aortitis.
O Poeta como fabricante de ilusão: a crítica de Platão à mimeisis poética
Authors: BAPTISTA ALEXANDRE JORDÃO
Published: November 2023

Este artigo analisa a crítica de Platão à atividade artística dos poetas gregos clássicos, em especial Homero e Hesíodo, a partir de uma abordagem interdisciplinar entre filosofia e estética. Apoiados em uma pesquisa bibliográfica realizada em Diálogos como O Banquete, A República, As Leis e Crítias, assim como em comentadores especializados nas obras platônicas, apresentamos os procedimentos envolvidos na mimesis poética, tal como são descritos nas obras citadas. Por fim, concluímos que o problema central que Platão vê na poesia é o seu potencial de gerar, ao nível do sujeito, “ilusão” na medida em que os variados processos miméticos envolvidos instaurariam uma tal confusão entre a realidade e o discurso, entre o “mesmo” e o “outro” que a linha que divide estes polos tende a desaparecer, o que coloca questões com desdobramentos éticos significativos.
Twenty-ninth International Conference on Learning. Conference Proceedings
Authors: Kalantzis Mary
Published: November 2023

Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Conference on Learning, hosted by the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 12-14 July 2023. Theconference featured research addressing the following special focus: “Literaciesand Educational Changes: Rediscussing Digital Learning, Neoliberalism and Post-Pandemic Policies” and annual themes: Theme 1: Pedagogy and Curriculum. Theme 2: Assessment and Evaluation. Theme 3: Educational and Organization and Leadership. Theme 4: Early Childhood Learning. Theme 5: Learning in Higher Education. Theme 6: Adult, Community, and Professional Learning. Theme 7: Learner Diversity and Identities. Theme 8: Technologies in Learning. Theme 9: Literacies Learning. Theme 10: Science, Mathematics, and Technology Learning.
Transition Requires Collaboration
Authors: Wilson LaKesha , Davis Luann Ley
Published: November 2023

This study aims to emphasize the importance of collaboration in the transition process. The content of this article includes a vignette, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, and key professionals involved in transition planning. Interagency collaboration is a key factor in ensuring a successful transition outcome. Interagency teams bridge the gap between students with disabilities’ overall expectations and performance during transition. Post-school outcomes can be enhanced through strategic transition planning, acknowledgment of available resources, ongoing vocational rehabilitation services, and additional employment supports that increase employability. In addition to interagency collaboration, parent and student involvement is a necessary component in establishing the best blueprint for a successful transition. Barriers that exist in the transition of students with emotional and behavioral disorders include a lack of awareness of programs and services and collaborative interagency efforts to obtain optimal results.
Transgender Incarceration and Law Enforcement as a Source of Harm: Upstream and Primordial Prevention Perspectives
Authors: Kline Nolan S. , Webb Nathaniel J. , Griner Stacey B.
Published: November 2023

In the United States (US), transgender individuals are more likely to experience violence and sexual assault in jails and prisons compared with cisgender peers. Harms of incarceration on transgender individuals include limited access to medical care and hormone therapy, as well as being housed in facilities based on biological sex instead of gender identity. However, there has been insufficient research on addressing factors that lead to transgender individuals being incarcerated in the first place. In this article, we argue the need to focus on law enforcement interactions with transgender individuals in the US to reduce incarceration-related harms. Using the perspectives of primordial prevention and focusing on upstream factors that create health-related harms, we assert that focusing on law enforcement is a necessary component in addressing how the criminal justice system harms transgender individuals.
A look into of Beida Ancient Tombs Balhae in Helong City, Jilin Province
Authors:   Central Institute of Cultural Heritage, Choi Jung-Bum
Published: November 2023

The Beida Ancient Tombs, situated in Baijazi, Helong, Jilin Province, is on the northern bank of the Hailan River, approximately 5 km southwest of Xigucheng. The tombs primarily exhibit a lateral crypt (vaulted) burial style with stone chambers and enclosures. However, some instances of stone-walled earthen mounds have been identified.
The interred individuals were either buried in wooden coffins or directly into a platform. While there is evidence of structures for placing a coffin, commonly, the natural ground surface was utilized without alteration. Meanwhile, within individual tombs, additional burials took place over a long period. It is noteworthy that individuals were laid to rest in different ways. While artifact excavation was not abundant due to simple funerals, the central chronological period has been ascertained to span from the pre-8th century to the mid of that century through cross-dating methods involving Chinese ceramics, bronze mirrors, and Tang-style metal belts.
The Beida Ancient Tombs are predominantly stone-built and the prevalence of excavated foreign artifacts is the highest among the Balhae tombs. In particular, given its symmetrical alignment with the Longtoushan graveyard, particularly centered around Xigucheng, the construction of the Beida Ancient Tombs was influenced by the funerary grounds of officials closely connected to the central capital of Balhae Jungkyung hyundeokbu.
Continuity, coping and finding meanings in everyday life: Storytelling by family members of people with young onset dementia
Authors: Hautsalo Katja , Pirhonen Jari , Pietilä Ilkka
Published: November 2023

Objective: This narrative study explores how family members readjust to young onset dementia (YOD) being a part of their everyday life during the first four years of their family member’s illness.
Background: Young onset dementia affects family relationships and challenges their life situation from the onset of the illness. It is therefore important to recognise and understand the family members’ supportive and resisting issues as well as their coping styles.
Method: The data was collected in Finland by conducting interviews with 16 family members of people with YOD and these were repeated once a year for four years (2019 to 2022). The actant model was used to carry out the analysis.
Results: Narrating the situation helps family members reconstruct their own story of their changed situation. Family members adjust their life situation at the beginning of the YOD diagnosis by retaining their daily continuity, coping, and by finding meanings. These require a recognition and an acceptance of the changes that YOD creates in relationships and daily living and may lead to a storyline that is broken, adaptive or alternative.
Conclusion: When family members engage in storytelling, this can result in an increased awareness of their situation and lead them to identify opportunities and problems and solve them. This also leads to their readjustment to dementia as a part of their own personal narrative.
Neurolinguística e Linguística
Authors: Coudry Maria Irma Hadler , Pinto Rosana do Carmo Novaes
Published: November 2023

Este artigo visa a contribuir para o volume especial da Cadernos de Estudos Linguísticos que homenageia os seus 45 anos. O texto resulta do trabalho colaborativo de duas docentes do Departamento de Linguística do IEL, na área de Neurolinguística, e se organiza em duas partes principais. Na primeira, busca-se apresentar o início do processo de desenvolvimento da nova área no IEL, a partir do trabalho fundante de Coudry que culminou na publicação de Diário de Narciso: discurso e afasia, estabelecendo e consolidando a Neurolinguística Discursiva como campo teórico de atuação para o linguista. Na segunda parte, o texto relata alguns dos principais desdobramentos teórico-metodológicos da ND para os campos da Linguística, da Fonoaudiologia e da Educação, revisitando trabalhos que se dedicam ao estudo tanto de teorias que a ND agrega quanto de práticas com a linguagem propostas para as várias patologias que afetam a linguagem, sendo algumas delas focalizadas, como as Afasias, o Autismo, a Síndrome do X-Frágil. Em nossos estudos neurolinguísticos, buscamos compreender a relação entre as funções psíquicas superiores e seu impacto nas patologias ao mesmo tempo em que incorporamos nas análises o sujeito em sua atividade discursiva. Também abordamos equívocos de avaliação e seguimento longitudinal apartados da reflexão teórico-metodológica possibilitada pela Linguística.
Kant e as ambiguidades da religião nos limites da simples razão
Authors: Grupillo Arthur
Published: November 2023

Para muitos intérpretes, sobretudo os mais tradicionais, Kant se inscreve na tradição iluminista de uma “apreciação da religião natural”, a qual nega fazer qualquer apreciação, e ainda menos qualquer “depreciação”, do cristianismo (SF, 7: 08), pretendendo somente submeter a religião ao tribunal supremo da razão. Mas, para outros intérpretes, sobretudo mais recentes, embora Kant acredite que o núcleo moral racional da religião seja independente das religiões históricas e possa, eventualmente, estar presente em muitas delas, o cristianismo cumpre em suas reflexões uma função mais do que ilustrativa. Nossa hipótese, no presente artigo, é que isso caracteriza uma ambiguidade da tentativa de Kant de reduzir a religião à moralidade, e ela pode ser encontrada mais explicitamente nas suas dificuldades em fornecer uma prova formal do mal radical e da realidade objetiva de sua superação na figura do Cristo, portanto na primeira e na segunda parte do livro A religião nos limites da simples razão. Na terceira e na quarta parte, essa ambiguidade diminui, e Kant se torna mais enfaticamente crítico das religiões históricas.
Emerging roles of 3D-culture systems in tackling tumor drug resistance
Authors: Nikdouz Amin , Orso Francesca
Published: November 2023

Drug resistance that affects patients universally is a major challenge in cancer therapy. The development of drug resistance in cancer cells is a multifactor event, and its process involves numerous mechanisms that allow these cells to evade the effect of treatments. As a result, the need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer drug sensitivity is imperative. Traditional 2D cell culture systems have been utilized to study drug resistance, but they often fail to mimic the 3D milieu and the architecture of real tissues and cell-cell interactions. As a result of this, 3D cell culture systems are now considered a comprehensive model to study drug resistance in vitro . Cancer cells exhibit an in vivo behavior when grown in a three-dimensional environment and react to therapy more physiologically. In this review, we discuss the relevance of main 3D culture systems in the study of potential approaches to overcome drug resistance and in the identification of personalized drug targets with the aim of developing patient-specific treatment strategies that can be put in place when resistance emerges.
A New Generation of Hydrogen Fueled Hybrid Propulsion Systems for the Urban Mobility of the Future
Authors: Arsie Ivan , Battistoni Michele , Brancaleoni Pier Paolo , Cipollone Roberto , Corti Enrico , Di Battista Davide , Millo Federico , Occhicone Alessio , Paradisi Benedetta Peiretti , Rolando Luciano , Zembi Jacopo
Published: November 2023

The H2-ICE project aims at developing, through numerical simulation, a new generation of hybrid powertrains featuring a hydrogen fueled Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) suitable for 12-meter urban buses, in order to provide a reliable and cost-effective solution for the abatement of both CO2 and criteria pollutant emissions. The full exploitation of the potential of such a traction system requires a substantial enhancement of the state of the art since several issues have to be addressed. In particular, the choice of the more suitable fuel injection system, as well as the control of the combustion process, are extremely challenging. Firstly, a high-fidelity 3D-CFD model will be exploited to analyze the in-cylinder H2 fuel injection through supersonic flows. Then, after the optimization of the injection and combustion process, a 1D model of the whole engine system will be built and calibrated allowing the identification of a “sweet spot”, in the ultra-lean combustion region, characterized by extremely low NOx emissions and, at the same time, high combustion efficiencies. Moreover, to further enhance the engine efficiency well above 40 %, different Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) systems will be carefully scrutinized, including both Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)-based recovery units as well as electric turbo-compounding. A Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) aftertreatment system will be developed to further reduce NOx emissions to near-zero levels. Finally, a dedicated torque-based control strategy for the ICE coupled with the Energy Management Systems (EMS) of the hybrid powertrain, both optimized by exploiting Vehicle-To-Everything (V2X) connection, allow targeting an H2 consumption of 0.1 kg/km. Technologies developed in the H2-ICE project will enhance the know-how necessary to design and build engines and after-treatment systems for the efficient exploitation of H2 as a fuel, as well as for their integration into hybrid powertrains.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter in Five Health Centers in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Abulude Francis Olawale , Oluwagbayide Samuel Dare , Akinnusotu Akinyinka , Arifalo Kikelomo Mabinuola , Adamu Ademola , Kenni Amoke Monisola
Published: November 2023

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of indoor particulate matter (PM) concentrations, focusing on PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 in five Primary Health Centers (PHCs): Arakale, Federal College of Agriculture (FECA), Iju, Oba-Ile, and Owode within Akure Local Government Areas in Nigeria. The primary novelty of this research lies in its detailed exploration of the toxicity potential of these PM fractions, providing valuable insights into the local air quality and associated health risks. The study assesses the health implications by calculating the toxicity potential (TP), Relative Risk (RR), Excess Risk (ER), and Attributable Fractions (AF) for cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality. The results reveal varying RR values for all-cause mortality, with Arakale showing a slight elevation (RR: 1.061), indicating potential health risks. ER values for cardiopulmonary mortality range from 14.728±7.25 to 19.04±0.38, emphasizing the substantial excess risk associated with long-term PM2.5 exposure. The study also uncovers AF for cardiopulmonary mortality ranging between 11.03±0.31 to 19.22±0.04, underscoring the significant contribution of PM to cardiovascular and respiratory health risks. Similarly, AF for lung cancer mortality ranges from 10.03±0.012 to 17.13±0.10, highlighting the substantial association between PM2.5 exposure and lung cancer risk. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted air quality management strategies and public health interventions in the studied locations to mitigate the heightened health risks associated with particulate matter pollution. The calculated RR, ER, and AF values offer crucial insights into the complex relationship between PM exposure and adverse health outcomes, providing a foundation for informed decision-making and future research endeavors.
Therapeutic Climbing for Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Neurorehabilitation: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Schiffler Tobias , Reiter Eva , Kapan Ali , Kranz Gottfried , Kotzian Stefan Thomas , Haider Sandra
Published: November 2023

Background: Therapeutic climbing (TC) has emerged as a prospective rehabilitation approach for individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Existing literature primarily focuses on the physical and psychological benefits of TC across diverse populations but is limited concerning its application and efficacy for patients with MS. Objectives: This study aimed to delineate the experiences, effects, and perceptions of both individuals with MS and therapists regarding TC, highlighting the potential benefits and challenges of this therapeutic approach. Methods: Using a qualitative design, structured interviews were conducted with patients living with MS (N=5) and therapists (N=7) involved in TC sessions at a rehabilitation facility. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subjected to thematic qualitative text analysis. Results: Our analysis resulted in the identification of five main categories: (1) motivational factors, (2) training conditions, (3) training content, (4) observed effects, and (5) safety protocols. Findings primarily centred around the motivational aspects of TC. Participants consistently reported experiencing feelings of accomplishment, success, enjoyment, and increased self-confidence. Furthermore, TC was often perceived as a comprehensive intervention, addressing endurance, strength, flexibility, neuromotor functions, cognition, and mental health while having a low-risk profile. However, due to the demanding nature of TC, careful fatigue management is crucial. This entails personalized intensity adjustments during sessions and coordinating TC with other physically demanding therapies when implementing TC within a rehabilitation environment. Conclusions: TC shows promise within MS rehabilitation and can be considered safe under certain framework conditions. This research sheds light on its potential benefits, facilitators and barriers and provides insights for practical integration into rehabilitation programmes.
Temporal Characteristics and Health Risks Assessment of PM2.5 in Ambient Air in Thohoyandou, South Africa
Authors: Novela Rirhandzu Jeaneth , Gitari Wilson Mugera , Mudzielwana Rabelani , Wichmann Janine
Published: November 2023

This study determined the temporal variation of PM2.5 in ambient air in Thohoyandou and further assessed the associated health risks. The levels of PM2.5 were quantified for a period of 1 year (April 2017-April 2018) using the gravimetric method. There was no significant difference (P-value = 0.18) in concentrations of both PM2.5 samples collected during weekdays (11.29 µg.m-3) and weekends (9.86 µg.m-3). However, higher concentrations of PM2.5 were measured in spring and the lowest was measured in summer. The cancer risk obtained for PM2.5 (2.21 × 10−5, 3 × 10-4, and 5 × 10-4 for infants, children, and adults respectively) in the outdoor air of Thohoyandou has exceeded the limit values by the USEPA and WHO, implying a significant risk for the whole population. For non-carcinogenic risks, the HQ values were 2.60, 4.81, and 2.60 for infants, children, and adults respectively. The HQ value >1 indicates a non-carcinogenic risk to the residents in Thohoyandou and a higher risk to children. Moreover, PM2.5 in Thohoyandou is responsible for 0.15% and 0.13% of deaths resulting from cardiovascular disease and lung cancer respectively for adults above 30 years. PM2.5 is causing adverse health effects in Thohoyandou as deduced from the health risk assessment. Therefore, it is recommended that further epidemiological studies be conducted in Thohoyandou to estimate the burden of disease due to exposure to particulate matter and suitable controlling policies be arranged to reduce particulate matter.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Biomineralization Technology in Repairing the Strength of Damaged Fiber-Reinforced LWAC
Authors: Chen How-Ji , Chen Tsung-Kai , Tang Chao-Wei , Chang And Han-Wen
Published: November 2023

Concrete cracks and local damage can affect the bond performance between concrete and steel bars, thereby reducing the durability of reinforced concrete structures. Compared with general concrete crack repair methods, biomineralization repair not only has effective bonding capabilities but is also particularly environmentally friendly. In view of this, this study aimed to apply biomineralization technology to repair damaged fiber-reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC). Two groups of LWAC specimens were prepared. The control group used lightweight aggregates (LWAs) without bacterial spores and nutrient sources, and the experimental group used LWAs containing bacterial spores and nutrient sources. These specimens were first subjected to compression tests and pull-out tests, respectively, and thus were damaged. After the damaged specimen healed itself in different ways for 28 days, secondary compression and pull-out tests were conducted. The self-healing method of the control group involved placing the specimens in an incubator. The experimental group was further divided into experimental group I and experimental group II. The self-healing method of experimental group I was the same as that of the control group. The self-healing method of experimental group II involved soaking the specimen in a mixed solution of urea and calcium acetate for two days, and then taking it out and placing it in an incubator for two days, with a cycle of four days. The test results showed that, compared with the control group specimens, the relative bond strength ratio of the experimental group II specimens increased by 17.9%. Moreover, the EDS and XRD analysis results confirmed that the precipitate formed at the crack was calcium carbonate, which improved the compressive strength and bond strength after self-healing. This indicates that the biomineralization maintenance method used in experimental group II is more effective.
Flexible Strain Sensors Based on Bionic Parallel Vein-Like Structures for Human Motion Monitoring
Authors: Yin Boshuo , Liu Furong , Chen Qingyuan , Liu Ming , Wang Feiying
Published: November 2023

In recent years, strain sensors have penetrated various fields. The capability of sensors to convert physical signals into electrical signals is of great importance in healthcare. However, it is still challenging to obtain sensors with high sensitivity, large operating range and low cost. In this paper, a stretchable strain sensor made of a double-layer conductive network, including a biomimetic multilayer graphene-Ecoflex (MLG-Ecoflex) substrate and a multilayer graphene-carbon nanotubes (MLG-CNTs) composite up-layer was developed. The combined action of the two layers led to an excellent performance with an operating range of up to 580% as well as a high sensitivity (gauge factor (GFmax) of 1517.94). In addition, a pressure sensor was further designed using the bionic vein-like structure with a multi-layer stacking of MLG-Ecoflex/MLG-CNTs/MLG-Ecoflex to obtain a relatively high deformation along the direction of thickness. The device presented a high sensing performance (up to sensitivity of 0.433 kPa-1), capable of monitoring small movements of the human body such as vocalisations and gestures. The good performance of the sensors together with a simple fabrication procedure (flip-molding) make it potential for some applications, for example, human health monitoring and other areas of human interaction.
A Comprehensive Review on Sources, Types, Impact and Challenges of Air Pollution
Authors: Bhardwaj Laxmi Kant , Singh Vinay Vikram , Dwivedi Kuldeep , Rai Swapnil
Published: November 2023

Air pollution has been a major environmental issue worldwide from the last few decades. It is a man-made issue that has a serious harmful impact on the environment and the health of humans. There are different sources of emission, but industrial processes and motor vehicles contribute to a chief part of air pollution. It has acute as well as chronic effects on the health of humans and affects different organs. It is thought the main environmental risk factor in the incidence and progression of several diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Long-term exposure to air pollution has different toxicological impacts on humans such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric complications, eye irritation and skin diseases. As per the study by the World Health Organization (WHO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals are the major air contaminants. These pollutants are different in their properties, composition and time of disintegration. The aim of this study is to review the different sources, types, impacts, challenges and mitigation of air pollution in detail.
Downlink Analysis of a Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Considering an Airborne Interference Source Moving on Various Trajectory
Authors: Kang Eunjung , Park Youngju , Kim Junghoon , Choo Hosung
Published: November 2023

This paper analyzes low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite downlinks when an airborne interference source moves parallel to the satellite trajectory by considering the relative angle differences be-tween the satellites and the interference sources. To make the experimental interference situations more like actual environments, the LEO trajectories are obtained from two-line element set (TLE) data. Airborne interference sources with various altitudes move parallel to the LEO trajectories, and the jamming to signal (J/S) ratio is calculated based on the relative angle differences between the ground station, the LEO satellite, and the interference source. In order to calculate the relative angle difference psi, the coordinates of the satellite and the interference source are converted from the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) to the ground station-centered east-north-up (ENU) system. By applying the relative angle difference psi, we can obtain the sidelobe gain of the ground station antenna in the direction from which the interference comes. The results of the study confirm that, from a J/S ratio perspective, the distances between the ground station, LEO satellite, and airborne interference source are important, and in particular, the relative angle difference psi between the interference source and the satellite is more critical factor.
Navigating to Net Zero: Leveraging Big Data, AI, and Benchmarking for Sustainable Climate Action and Emissions Reduction
Authors: Neethirajan Suresh
Published: November 2023

This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the role of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in advancing dairy farming towards net zero emissions, a critical goal in the face of the global climate crisis. The study emphasizes how these technologies significantly enhance the management of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and optimize resource use, thereby contributing to environmental sustainability in agriculture. A key aspect of this transition is the alignment with international climate commitments, such as the Paris Agreement, which are instrumental in steering global efforts toward emission reduction and mitigating climate change. The integration of Big Data and AI in dairy farming emerges as a powerful tool to reduce the sector's environmental impact while sustaining economic growth. The paper delves into the specific applications of these technologies in emission management, including predictive analytics for feed optimization, manure management, and energy efficiency enhancements. It also addresses the broader implications of technological integration in dairy farming, considering aspects like benchmarking standards, data privacy, and the role of policy in fostering sustainable practices. The study underscores the challenges inherent in adopting these advanced technologies, including the need for improved farmer training, data quality, and compatibility with existing systems. It also advocates for enhanced policy frameworks that support sustainable practices, encourage technological adoption, and balance economic viability with environmental responsibility. This comprehensive analysis offers valuable insights into harnessing digital technologies for climate change mitigation and delineates a path for the dairy industry towards achieving net zero emissions, thereby contributing significantly to global environmental sustainability efforts.
Impact of Velocity Model Calibration on The Reservoir Volume in Kashagan Carbonate Oil Field
Authors: Taikulakov Y. , Schreuder S.
Published: November 2023

There are a variety of reasons that require calibrating a seismic velocity model to enhance and refine geological, structural, lithological, and stratigraphical aspects. It might be a human factor at the seismic processing stage, interpretation problems related to the presence of noise in the seismic data, or simply a facies variation within one geologic unit. Therefore, seismic velocity calibration is extremely important to complete as part of the overall interpretation procedure.
Development of Novel Metering Equipment
Authors: Isaev A. A. , Takhautdinov R. Sh. , Malykhin V. I. , Sharifullin A. A. , Aliev M. M. ogly
Published: November 2023

The gas-oil ratio (GOR) is one of the critical properties of the oil produced from a reservoir that is subject to development, study and monitoring. Sheshmaoil Management Company LLC (Republic of Tatarstan) employs a portable metering unit of UZGF-1-4.0 type to determine the GOR in oil, as well as the flow rates of oil and water [1–3]. The measurement technique has been certified and included in the State Register of the Russian Federation under the No. MN 759-2017. This unit's drawback is the placement of the measuring instruments on a semi-trailer, which requires a truck to transport it. N 2016, the engineers of Department for Innovations and Examinations were assigned the task to develop a portable metering unit that could be installed on the chassis of a UAZ-type vehicle. In 2019, a Well Stream Metering Unit (BIPS) was developed and tested (Fig. 1).

The BIPS consists of 0.05 m3 metering tank (separator) with an upper feed of well products through the DN 50 line (Fig. 2). The fluid is drained from the tank via the bottom line DN 50.

The BIPS is almost three times smaller than the UZGF unit in terms of overall dimensions, therefore it is used on the UAZ car chassis (Fig.3).
Simulation-Based Methodology for Optimization of Infill Well Locations in a Mature Oilfield
Authors: Levchenko P. , Iskakov E.
Published: November 2023

Identifying promising areas for the placement of new wells in a mature oilfield presents a challenging task, requiring a complex integrated analysis of geological and production data. Full field reservoir simulation model reflects all relevant information about subsurface properties and historical production, making it a great tool to quickly evaluate relative performance of potential infill locations. However, evaluation of all possible scenarios and well patterns for infill drilling using dynamic simulator can be a time-consuming and computationally prohibitive process.

Historically, this problem was commonly addressed by leveraging optimization algorithms such as "Genetic Algorithm", "Particle Swarm Optimization" or "Ensemble based optimizations". These algorithms help to minimize the required number of simulation runs for assessing optimal well placement to a few hundred cases. However, a significant drawback of these approaches is their lack of transparency, when the final recommended scenario with the best well performance might lack a coherent underlying rationale. For example, it could be unclear why all infill wells should be drilled in a certain region of the oilfield or positioned very close to other offset producers.

This paper introduces an innovative approach to streamline the selection process for drilling infill wells. By conducting a focused set of simulation runs, our method employs a unique design that enables enhanced post-processing of the results. This leads to the generation of clear visualizations highlighting the most promising areas within the field. The effectiveness of this methodology has been demonstrated through its application in determining optimal infill producer locations within the Korolev oilfield in Western Kazakhstan.
A Practical Guide to Repurposing Existing Pipelines to Hydrogen Operation
Authors: Wynne D. P. , Naib Sameera , Mirzoev Gaffar
Published: November 2023

The realization of a hydrogen (H2) economy will require pipeline transportation to move H2 from production areas to end uses. Stakeholders have identified existing pipeline infrastructure as playing a key part in a new H2 transportation network. This paper provides a guide for operators to repurpose pipelines safely and identifies efforts in the Caspian Sea region to realize the hydrogen economy.

Converting existing pipelines will require a deep understanding of the integrity threats they currently face and what new threats will arise following the introduction of H2. Due to differences in operation, age, manufacturer and construction quality, each pipeline faces different integrity threats and should have a tailored integrity management program to mitigate risk. The conversion guide developed is therefore integrity-led and takes a holistic perspective. It details how to account for the impact of H2 on key pipeline steel mechanical properties and what approaches can be taken to quantify and mitigate the impact, including appropriate material testing programs and defect assessment methodologies.

With an emphasis being given to safety and maximum utilization, the conversion guide provides operators with a practical framework for converting existing pipelines that is not available in current codes.
Fast-Track Verification Methods for Optimizing the Strategy and Scope of a Static Model Rebuild
Authors: Issayev Duman , Correa Mora Francisco , Bibolova Assem , Makedonov Andrey , Bishop James , Kydyrgazy Adilet , Tlepbergenov Nurbolat
Published: November 2023

Oil field production forecasts rely heavily on an accurate characterization of the subsurface. Static geological models are computer-based three-dimensional representations of the subsurface that approximate the reservoir properties and are the basis for dynamic simulation and subsequent field development decisions. With the advent of new data acquisition technologies, the prompt availability of additional information can potentially impact the validity and reliability of existing geological models. This case study introduces accelerated verification methods to evaluate the scope of a static model rebuild to accommodate business decisions.

Recent development efforts in the Tengiz oil field have led to the acquisition of new data, including the drilling of new wells and well log acquisition, reprocessing of seismic data, and microseismicity. Drilling new wells has provided valuable information about the reservoir's petrophysical properties. Specifically, high-resolution well logs, including wellbore images, helped derive valuable information about lithology, porosity, and fluid saturation, leading not only to a more accurate petrophysical interpretation but also help to define local variations of reservoir quality, allowing for more precise reservoir characterization. Reprocessed seismic data has improved image quality and event positioning, enabling improved structural mapping and seismic mega-amplitude detection. New wells with drilling data, wireline and production logs also provided additional information about fracture orientations, aperture, and density.

A fast-track, fit-for-purpose geological model was built through effective communication and collaboration among multidisciplinary teams and using fit-for-purpose quantitative and qualitative techniques, including 2D methodologies, statistical analysis, and geostatistical modeling. The main seismic horizons were reinterpreted from newly reprocessed seismic. New wellbore data was prioritized based on available logs and the existing data coverage. Matrix porosity and water saturation were calculated using a multimineral inversion model; fracture orientations were picked from image logs and fracture intensity and porosity were quantified. Quality control included statistical and variogram analyses before porosity propagation in a 3D model, which allowed for assessing a change in matrix and fracture porosity and pore volume in the model. A standard data-driven dual-porosity dual-permeability property modeling workflow was leveraged with microseismicity data to define effective fracture regions for the discrete fracture network model. These fast-track modeling approaches, developed in a time-efficient period, enabled the maturation of techniques to be applied in a future next-generation static model and provided valuable insights for reservoir management and production optimization in the Tengiz oil field.
Grouping of Gas Lift Wells Based on their Interaction
Authors: Mammadov A. V. , Sultanova A. V. , Mammadov R. M.
Published: November 2023

The operation of wells by the gas lift method is in the conditions of a contradiction between the volumes of injected compressed gas and the production of wells. As already mentioned, the existing method of individual selection of gas-lift wells operating modes based on the lowest specific gas flow rate has a number of disadvantages; the designated optimal mode is optimal only for a short period of time, since the existing hydrodynamic connections along the reservoir and the interconnections along external feed lines lead to a redistribution of fluid flows inside the reservoir and gas flows in the feed lines. The instability of the optimal mode is also caused by the presence of all kinds of random interference, for example, equipment failures, especially in Western Siberia. In addition to the above, since the existing system for automating the operating modes of gas-lift wells is based on individual studies, due to the lack of proper metering installations that provide the necessary accuracy of measurements, the operation of wells included in a common pipeline and the operation of the "main ~ well-regulator" system (A.V.Mamedov, B.A.Osmanov, M.S.Askerov, 2004, A.Kh.Mirzadzhanzade, I.M.Ametov, 1983).

There is a need to find ways to bring gas-lift wells to optimal operating conditions, which is especially important in conditions of a shortage of compressed working agent volumes, when the available gas resources do not ensure the operation of wells with maximum fluid extraction (Bakhtizin R.N., Khasanov M.M., Efendieva N.N., 1993).

The solution to this problem is possible by dividing the entire fund of gas-lift wells into separate groups, taking into account their interaction and the characteristic features of the main technological parameters of individual wells, followed by assigning an operating mode for groups of wells as a whole.
Research on the Formation Gravity Displacement Window
Authors: Tao Zhenyu , Fan Honghai , Liu Yuhan , Fu Jin , Ye Yuguang , Zhou Fei , Yin Wen , Sun Yanshuai , Wang Jinxing
Published: November 2023

Formation gravity displacement refers to the phenomenon of "overflow and leakage" in the same crack due to the difference in density between the drilling fluid and the formation fluid. In order to restrain the leakage accident caused by gravity displacement, this paper studies the formation gravity displacement window, studies the conditions of gravity displacement, and puts forward the corresponding solutions. In summary, this paper develops the wellbore-formation gravity displacement experimental device, carries out gas-liquid gravity displacement critical point experiments, summarizes and analyzes the formation gravity displacement window, and fits the critical point pressure curve of the gravity displacement window based on the results of constant pressure experiments. The existence of formation gravity displacement window was verified through computer simulation. The error between the fitting formula and the measured value is less than 10%, it can reflect the relationship between the gravity displacement window and the density difference, which is of guiding significance for on-site gravity displacement suppression and pressure-controlled drilling.
Evaluating the Optimal Logging Suite for Sandstone Reservoirs in the South Caspian Basin
Authors: Shiriyev J. , Ismailzadeh E. , Aliyev N. , Pashayev N. , Aliyev F. , Sultanov A.
Published: November 2023

The South Caspian Basin is known for its significant hydrocarbon reserves, particularly in sandstone reservoirs. Accurate reservoir characterization and evaluation are crucial for this region's successful exploration and production activities. Choosing the appropriate well logging suite is vital decision in obtaining comprehensive data on reservoir properties, including lithology, porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation. The paper focuses on identifying the best well-logging suite to evaluate sandstone reservoirs in the South Caspian Basin effectively. Our research aims to compare and analyze different well-logging techniques to determine the optimal combination and provide a list of prerequisite core measurements for accurate reservoir characterization. The study systematically evaluates commonly used well-logging tools such as gamma ray, resistivity, neutron, density, sonic logs, and infrequently used NMR logs based on the ability to provide accurate measurements, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with the local environment. The strengths, limitations, and applicability of each logging tool in sandstone reservoirs is assessed based on existing wellbore data and core samples. Additionally, production history enhances the reliability of the findings. To attain the outlined objectives, a comprehensive literature review and case studies from analogous sandstone reservoirs is conducted. The analysis considers the regional geological setting, reservoir heterogeneity, and fluid properties. The outcomes of this research aid exploration and production companies operating in the basin in making informed decisions regarding the well-logging tool selection that will optimize data acquisition, minimize uncertainties, and improve reservoir characterization accuracy, ultimately contributing to better reservoir management practices and higher hydrocarbon recovery.