bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Figure 2 from Metabolic Reprogramming of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Using Glutamine Antagonist JHU083 Drives Tumor Immunity in Myeloid-Rich Prostate and Bladder Cancers
Authors: Praharaj Monali , Shen Fan , Lee Alex J. , Zhao Liang , Nirschl Thomas R. , Theodros Debebe , Singh Alok K. , Wang Xiaoxu , Adusei Kenneth M. , Lombardo Kara A. , Williams Raekwon A. , Sena Laura A. , Thompson Elizabeth A. , Tam Ada , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Pearce Edward J. , Leone Robert D. , Alt Jesse , Rais Rana , Slusher Barbara S. , Pardoll Drew M. , Powell Jonathan D. , Zarif Jelani C.
Published: July 2024

JHU083-mediated glutamine antagonism reprograms TME, differentially induces TAMs, TIMs, inflammatory TNF signaling and proliferation in TAMs/TIMs. A, UMAP and stacked bar plots showing the diversity and differential abundance of TAMs and monocyte (TIM) clusters in B6CaP tumors at an early point (day 7 posttreatment) using scRNA-seq (n = 6) across samples. UMAP, uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction. B, Density plots of different TAM and TIM clusters in control and JHU083-treated B6CaP tumors (identified in A). C, DEG scores were calculated for each TAM cluster based on the GSEA of significant DEGs from bulk RNA-seq of JHU083-treated vs. control TAMs (day 14 posttreatment, late time point; n = 6/group). D, UMAP plot based on the DEG scores identified using bulk RNA-seq of B6CaP-TAMs from C. UMAP, uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction. E, GSEA between JHU083-treated vs. control cells from the proliferative TAMs and TAM2. F, GSEA between bulk RNA-sequenced JHU083-treated TAMs and control TAMs sorted from B6CaP tumors (day 18 posttreatment; n = 6/group). G, Volcano plot of top DEGs from the TAM2 cluster between JHU083-treated vs. control. H, Volcano plot of top DEGs between JHU083-treated vs. control samples from bulk RNA-seq data. I, Intracellular quantification of the percentage (%) TNF+ population in TAMs and TIMs in B6CaP tumors. J, Intracellular expression of percentage (%) Ki-67+ TAMs in JHU083-treated TAMs vs. control B6CaP tumors, and (K) clusters identified from A overlaid using RNA velocity analysis. The root cells are the undifferentiated cells, and the developmental endpoints are the differentiated cells connected via arrows pointing to the likely developmental paths. Briefly, DEGs were calculated with DESeq2 in the bulk RNA-seq data, and with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for the scRNA-seq data. The data are presented as mean values ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using either t test or a two-way ANOVA using Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001).
Figure S1 from IL3-Driven T Cell–Basophil Crosstalk Enhances Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Wei Jian , Mayberry Colleen L. , Lv Xiaoting , Hu Fangyan , Khan Taushif , Logan Natalie A. , Wilson John J. , Sears John D. , Chaussabel Damien , Chang Chih-Hao
Published: July 2024

Tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes progressively become dysfunctional during tumor growth
mTORC1-Driven Protein Translation Correlates with Clinical Benefit of Capivasertib within a Genetically Preselected Cohort of PIK3CA-Altered Tumors
Authors: Sobsey Constance A. , Froehlich Bjoern C. , Mitsa Georgia , Ibrahim Sahar , Popp Robert , Zahedi Rene P. , de Bruin Elza C. , Borchers Christoph H. , Batist Gerald
Published: July 2024

Capivasertib is a potent selective inhibitor of AKT. It was recently FDA approved in combination with fulvestrant to treat HR+, HER2-negative breast cancers with certain genetic alteration(s) activating the PI3K pathway. In phase I trials, heavily pretreated patients with tumors selected for activating PI3K pathway mutations treated with capivasertib monotherapy demonstrated objective response rates of <30%. We investigated the proteomic profile associated with capivasertib response in genetically preselected patients and cancer cell lines. We analyzed samples from 16 PIK3CA-mutated patient tumors collected prior to capivasertib monotherapy in the phase I trial. PI3K pathway proteins were precisely quantified with immuno-Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-mass spectrometry (iMALDI-MS). Global proteomic profiles were also obtained. Patients were classified according to response to capivasertib monotherapy: “clinical benefit (CB)” (≥12 weeks without progression, n = 7) or “no clinical benefit (NCB)” (progression in <12 weeks, n = 9). Proteins that differed between the patient groups were subsequently quantified in AKT1- or PIK3CA-altered breast cancer cell lines with varying capivasertib sensitivity. The measured concentrations of AKT1 and AKT2 varied among the PIK3CA-mutated tumors but did not differ between the CB and NCB groups. However, analysis of the global proteome data showed that translational activity was higher in tumors of the NCB vs. CB group. When reproducibly quantified by validated LC-MRM-MS assays, the same proteins of interest similarly distinguished between capivasertib-sensitive versus -resistant cell lines. The results provide further evidence that increased mTORC1-driven translation functions as a mechanism of resistance to capivasertib monotherapy. Protein concentrations may offer additional insights for patient selection for capivasertib, even among genetically preselected patients.

Significance:

Capivasertib’s first-in-class FDA approval demonstrates its promise, yet there remains an opportunity to optimize its use. Our results provide new evidence that proteomics can stratify genetically preselected patients on clinical benefit. Characterization of the same profile in cell lines furnishes additional validation. Among PIK3CA-altered tumors, increased mTORC1-driven translation appears to confer intrinsic resistance. Assessing mTORC1 activation could therefore prove a useful complement to the existing genetic selection strategy for capivasertib.
History in Spinoza through the confrontation of six readings
Authors: Klein Glauber
Published: July 2024

To deal with the theme of History in Spinoza, we compared six readings, defining conveniences, differences and oppositions between them, in order to explain the relevance, scope and difficulties of this theme. We observe that the relation between metaphysics and history is the common basis of the considered readings, with their reciprocal differences to be measured from the different conceptions of this relation. By this criterion, we divided the authors into two groups: Cassirer, Strauss and Gueroult separated metaphysics and history in Spinoza; Matheron, Althusser and Negri link them. We spent more time reading Negri, because, among these readers, the Italian philosopher took further the proposition according to which History – in his terms, as the production of the real and as the ontology of the social – is at the heart of this philosophy and, therefore, constitutes it. Our basic argument, however, involves highlighting that none of these interpretations satisfactorily discerned the accordance, in Spinoza’s philosophy, between the geometric and historical methods, or even between metaphysics and the interpretation of experience.
O que fazer do que somos?
Authors: Santiago Homero
Published: July 2024

Resenha de: Luís César Guimarães Oliva, Natureza e graça em Blaise Pascal, São Paulo, Paulus, 2023.
Editing Pascal's Pensées: historical remarks and analysis of Cantillon's edition
Authors: Loque Flavio Fontenelle
Published: July 2024

The posthumous discovery of Blaise Pascal’s writings on Christianity posed a challenge for his family and friends: how should these writings be edited? The present work makes a brief inquiry into this challenge and offers an overview of the main editions of Pascal’s Pensées since the Seventeenth century, including that of Allain Cantillon, published in 2023. The purpose of the present work, therefore, encompasses the following steps: (I) some historical remarks concerning the task of editing Pensées, (II) an overview of its main editions, and finally (III and IV) a description and analysis of Cantillon’s editorial proposal.
“Que votre France est belle à n'en plus finir”: the composition process of the travel account Chão de França, by Ruy Ribeiro Couto
Authors: Geske Samara Fernanda A. O. de Lócio e Silva
Published: July 2024

This article aims to reflect on the composition process of the travel account Chão de França by Rui Ribeiro Couto, based on the letters exchanged between the author and the editor of Cahiers du Sud magazine, Jean Ballard. Although the author's letters do not specifically address the process of creating the text, they provide valuable clues for researchers seeking to understand how the composition process took place. Couto relied on chronicles published in newspapers about his travels while serving as a diplomat in France. These clues are particularly important because, unlike other travel account authors, Couto did not write a preface to his book reflecting on the literary transposition of his travel experience. In this sense, the article contributes to the understanding of Ruy Ribeiro Couto's creative process and reflects on the nature of travel writing based on his personal correspondence.
The transparent city, the multiple image
Authors: Ferreira Cristina
Published: July 2024

This brief essay explores the connection between photography and urban perception, using multiple exposure to generate an altered view of the landscape, creating imaginary landscapes. According to Calvino, cities can succeed others without knowing each other, reflecting on the complexity of the city. For their part, Jay and Gombrich highlight that vision goes beyond the eyes, influenced by memory and knowledge, and Spirn describes the landscape as complex and multifaceted. The transparent images of the “transparent city” question perceived barriers, where Proust and Bachelard highlight photography's ability to reveal new perspectives, expanding the interpretation of the city.
In Situ Generation of Planetary Waves in the Mesosphere by Zonally Asymmetric Gravity Wave Drag: A Revisit
Authors: Yoo Ji-Hee , Chun Hye-Yeong , Song In-Sun
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the in situ generation of planetary waves (PWs) by zonally asymmetric gravity wave drag (GWD) in the mesosphere using a fully nonlinear general circulation model extending to the lower thermosphere. To isolate the effects of GWD, we establish a highly idealized but efficient framework that excludes stationary PWs propagating from the troposphere and in situ PWs generated by barotropic and baroclinic instabilities. The GWD is prescribed in a zonally sinusoidal form with a zonal wavenumber (ZWN) of either 1 or 2 in the lower mesosphere of the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude. Our idealized simulations clearly show that zonally asymmetric GWD generates PWs by serving as a nonconservative source Z′ of linearized disturbance quasigeostrophic potential vorticity q′. While Z′ initially amplifies PWs through enhancing q′ tendency, the subsequent zonal advection of q′ gradually balances with Z′, thereby attaining steady-state PWs. The GWD-induced PWs predominantly have the same ZWN as the applied GWD with minor contributions from higher ZWN components attributed to nonlinear processes. The amplitude of the induced PWs increases in proportion with the magnitude of the peak GWD, while it decreases in proportion to the square of ZWN. Moreover, the amplitude of PWs increases as the meridional range of GWD expands and as GWD shifts toward lower latitudes. These PWs deposit substantial positive Eliassen–Palm flux divergence (EPFD) of ∼30 m s−1 day−1 at their origin and negative EPFD of 5–10 m s−1 day−1 during propagation. In addition, the in situ PWs exhibit interhemispheric propagation following westerlies that extend into the Southern Hemisphere.
Resistin as a potential diagnostic biomarker for sepsis: insights from DIA and ELISA analyses
Authors: Lan Youyu , Guo Wentao , Chen Wenhao , Chen Muhu , Li Shaolan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The primary objective of this investigation is to systematically screen and identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) within the plasma of individuals afflicted with sepsis. This endeavor employs both Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodologies. The overarching goal is to furnish accessible and precise serum biomarkers conducive to the diagnostic discernment of sepsis.

Method

The study encompasses 53 sepsis patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University between January 2019 and December 2020, alongside a control cohort consisting of 16 individuals devoid of sepsis pathology. Subsequently, a subset comprising 10 randomly selected subjects from the control group and 22 from the sepsis group undergoes quantitative proteomic analysis via DIA. The acquired data undergoes Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) analyses, facilitating the construction of a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network to discern potential markers. Validation of core proteins is then accomplished through ELISA. Comparative analysis between the normal and sepsis groups ensues, characterized by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve construction to evaluate diagnostic efficacy.

Result

A total of 187 DEPs were identified through bioinformatic methodologies. Examination reveals their predominant involvement in biological processes such as wound healing, coagulation, and blood coagulation. Functional pathway analysis further elucidates their engagement in the complement pathway and malaria. Resistin emerges as a candidate plasma biomarker, subsequently validated through ELISA. Notably, the protein exhibits significantly elevated levels in the serum of sepsis patients compared to the normal control group. ROC curve analysis underscores the robust diagnostic capacity of these biomarkers for sepsis.

Conclusion

Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) show increased Resistin levels in sepsis patients, suggesting diagnostic potential, warranting further research.
Filter bank temporally local multivariate synchronization index for SSVEP-based BCI
Authors: Xu Tingting , Ji Zhuojie , Xu Xin , Wang Lei
Published: July 2024

Background

Multivariate synchronization index (MSI) has been successfully applied for frequency detection in steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based brain–computer interface (BCI) systems. However, the standard MSI algorithm and its variants cannot simultaneously take full advantage of the time-local structure and the harmonic components in SSVEP signals, which are both crucial for frequency detection performance. To overcome the limitation, we propose a novel filter bank temporally local MSI (FBTMSI) algorithm to further improve SSVEP frequency detection accuracy. The method explicitly utilizes the temporal information of signal for covariance matrix estimation and employs filter bank decomposition to exploits SSVEP-related harmonic components.

Results

We employed the cross-validation strategy on the public Benchmark dataset to optimize the parameters and evaluate the performance of the FBTMSI algorithm. Experimental results show that FBTMSI outperforms the standard MSI, temporally local MSI (TMSI) and filter bank driven MSI (FBMSI) algorithms across multiple experimental settings. In the case of data length of one second, the average accuracy of FBTMSI is 9.85% and 3.15% higher than that of the FBMSI and the TMSI, respectively.

Conclusions

The promising results demonstrate the effectiveness of the FBTMSI algorithm for frequency recognition and show its potential in SSVEP-based BCI applications.
SGCP: a spectral self-learning method for clustering genes in co-expression networks
Authors: Aghaieabiane Niloofar , Koutis Ioannis
Published: July 2024

Background

A widely used approach for extracting information from gene expression data employs the construction of a gene co-expression network and the subsequent computational detection of gene clusters, called modules. WGCNA and related methods are the de facto standard for module detection. The purpose of this work is to investigate the applicability of more sophisticated algorithms toward the design of an alternative method with enhanced potential for extracting biologically meaningful modules.

Results

We present self-learning gene clustering pipeline (SGCP), a spectral method for detecting modules in gene co-expression networks. SGCP incorporates multiple features that differentiate it from previous work, including a novel step that leverages gene ontology (GO) information in a self-leaning step. Compared with widely used existing frameworks on 12 real gene expression datasets, we show that SGCP yields modules with higher GO enrichment. Moreover, SGCP assigns highest statistical importance to GO terms that are mostly different from those reported by the baselines.

Conclusion

Existing frameworks for discovering clusters of genes in gene co-expression networks are based on relatively simple algorithmic components. SGCP relies on newer algorithmic techniques that enable the computation of highly enriched modules with distinctive characteristics, thus contributing a novel alternative tool for gene co-expression analysis.
Exploring selection signatures in the divergence and evolution of lipid droplet (LD) associated genes in major oilseed crops
Authors: Parakkunnel Ramya , K Bhojaraja Naik , Vanishree Girimalla , George Anjitha , KV Sripathy , YR Aruna , K Udaya Bhaskar , Anandan A , Kumar Sanjay
Published: July 2024

Background

Oil bodies or lipid droplets (LDs) in the cytosol are the subcellular storage compartments of seeds and the sites of lipid metabolism providing energy to the germinating seeds. Major LD-associated proteins are lipoxygenases, phospholipaseD, oleosins, TAG-lipases, steroleosins, caleosins and SEIPINs; involved in facilitating germination and enhancing peroxidation resulting in off-flavours. However, how natural selection is balancing contradictory processes in lipid-rich seeds remains evasive. The present study was aimed at the prediction of selection signatures among orthologous clades in major oilseeds and the correlation of selection effect with gene expression.

Results

The LD-associated genes from the major oil-bearing crops were analyzed to predict natural selection signatures in phylogenetically close-knit ortholog clusters to understand adaptive evolution. Positive selection was the major force driving the evolution and diversification of orthologs in a lineage-specific manner. Significant positive selection effects were found in 94 genes particularly in oleosin and TAG-lipases, purifying with excess of non-synonymous substitution in 44 genes while 35 genes were neutral to selection effects. No significant selection impact was noticed in Brassicaceae as against LOX genes of oil palm. A heavy load of deleterious mutations affecting selection signatures was detected in T-lineage oleosins and LOX genes of Arachis hypogaea. The T-lineage oleosin genes were involved in mainly anther, tapetum and anther wall morphogenesis. In Ricinus communis and Sesamum indicum > 85% of PLD genes were under selection whereas selection pressures were low in Brassica juncea and Helianthus annuus. Steroleosin, caleosin and SEIPINs with large roles in lipid droplet organization expressed mostly in seeds and were under considerable positive selection pressures. Expression divergence was evident among paralogs and homeologs with one gene attaining functional superiority compared to the other. The LOX gene Glyma.13g347500 associated with off-flavor was not expressed during germination, rather its paralog Glyma.13g347600 showed expression in Glycine max. PLD-α genes were expressed on all the tissues except the seed,δ genes in seed and meristem while β and γ genes expressed in the leaf.

Conclusions

The genes involved in seed germination and lipid metabolism were under strong positive selection, although species differences were discernable. The present study identifies suitable candidate genes enhancing seed oil content and germination wherein directional selection can become more fruitful.
Association of anaemia with indoor air pollution among older Indian adult population: multilevel modelling analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional study
Authors: Halder Pritam , Verma Madhur , Pal Saumyarup , Mishra Amit Kumar , Deori Trideep Jyoti , Biswas Riya , Tiwari Jaya , Mamgai Anshul , Rathor Shivani , Prabhakar Manish Chandra
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Anaemia is a disease of public health importance with multi-causal pathways. Previous literature suggests the role of indoor air pollution (IAP) on haemoglobin levels, but this has been studied less due to logistic constraints. A high proportion of the population in developing countries, including India, still depends on unclean fuel, which exacerbates IAP. The objective was to study the association between anaemia and IAP among the older Indian adult population (≥ 45 years) as per gender.

Methods

Our study analysed the nationally representative dataset of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI 2017–18, Wave-1). We have documented the association of anaemia (outcome variable) with IAP (explanatory variable). To reduce the confounding effects of demographic and socioeconomic; health related and behavioural covariates; propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted. Nested multilevel regression modelling was conducted. States and union territories were categorised cross tabulated as low, middle and high as per anaemia and IAP exposure. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. SATA version 17 was used for analysis.

Results

More than half (52.52%) of the participants were exposed to IAP (male (53.55%) > female (51.63%)). The odds of having anaemia was significantly 1.19 times higher (AOR 1.19 (1.09–1.31)) among participants using unclean/ solid fuel. The adjusted odds were significantly higher among participants exposed to pollution-generating sources (AOR 1.30; 1.18–1.43), and household indoor smoking (AOR 1.17 (1.07–1.29). The odds of having anaemia were significantly higher (AOR 1.26; 1.15–1.38) among participants exposed to IAP, which was higher in males (AOR 1.36; 1.15–1.61) than females (AOR 1.21; 1.08–1.35). Empowered Action Group (EAG) states like Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar had both high anaemia and IAP exposure.

Conclusion

This study established the positive association of anaemia with indoor air pollution among older Indian adults through a nationally representative large dataset. The association was higher among men. Further research is recommended to understand detailed causation and to establish temporality. It is a high time to implement positive intervention nationally to decrease solid/ unclean fuel usage, vulnerable ventilation, indoor smoking, IAP and health hazards associated with these with more focused actions towards EAG states.
Liver autotransplantation and atrial reconstruction on a patient with multiorgan alveolar echinococcosis: a case report
Authors: Ruze Rexiati , Jiang Tiemin , Zhang Weimin , Zhang Mingming , Zhang Ruiqing , Guo Qiang , Aboduhelili Aboduhaiwaier , Zhayier Musitapa , Mahmood Ahmad , Yu Zhaoxia , Ye Jianrong , Shao Yingmei , Aji Tuerganaili
Published: July 2024

Background

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) primarily affects the liver and potentially spreads to other organs. Managing recurrent AE poses significant challenges, especially when it involves critical structures and multiple major organs.

Case presentation

We present a case of a 59-year-old female with recurrent AE affecting the liver, heart, and lungs following two previous hepatectomies, the hepatic lesions persisted, adhering to major veins, and imaging revealed additional diaphragmatic, cardiac, and pulmonary involvement. The ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA), first in human combined with right atrium (RA) reconstruction were performed utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass, and repairs of the pericardium and diaphragm. This approach aimed to offer a potentially curative solution for lesions previously considered inoperable without requiring a donor organ or immunosuppressants. The patient encountered multiple serious complications, including atrial fibrillation, deteriorated liver function, severe pulmonary infection, respiratory failure, and acute kidney injury (AKI). These complications necessitated intensive intraoperative and postoperative care, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive management strategy in such complicated high-risk surgeries.

Conclusions

The multidisciplinary collaboration in this case proved effective and yielded significant therapeutic outcomes for a rare case of advanced hepatic, cardiac, and pulmonary AE. The combined approach of ELRA and RA reconstruction under extracorporeal circulation demonstrated distinct advantages of ELRA in treating complex HAE. Meanwhile, assessing diaphragm function during the perioperative period, especially in patients at high risk of developing pulmonary complications and undergoing diaphragmectomy is vital to promote optimal postoperative recovery. For multi-resistant infection, it is imperative to take all possible measures to mitigate the risk of AKI if vancomycin administration is deemed necessary.
Patterns and trends in melanoma mortality in the United States, 1999–2020
Authors: Didier Alexander J. , Nandwani Swamroop V. , Watkins Dean , Fahoury Alan M. , Campbell Andrew , Craig Daniel J. , Vijendra Divya , Parquet Nancy
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer, has witnessed a notable increase in incidence over the past decades. Despite advancements in treatment, it remains a significant cause of cancer mortality. Understanding demographic trends and variations in melanoma mortality is crucial for addressing disparities and implementing effective interventions.

Methods

Using the Centers for Disease Control Wide Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database, we analyzed melanoma mortality data in the United States from 1999 to 2020. Data were stratified by demographic and regional variables, and age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated. Descriptive analysis was performed and Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to identify temporal trends.

Results

Between 1999 and 2020, there were 184,416 melanoma-related deaths in the United States Overall, the age-adjusted mortality rate declined from 2.7 to 2.0 per 100,000 people at a rate of -1.3% annually, with significant variations across demographic groups and regions. Men, non-Hispanic White individuals, and those aged > 65 experienced higher mortality rates. Non-Hispanic White individuals noted the steepest decrease in AAMR after 2013 at a rate of -6.1% annually. Disparities were seen by geographic density, with rural populations exhibiting higher mortality compared to their urban and suburban counterparts.

Conclusion

The study highlights a significant reduction in melanoma mortality in the U.S. since 2013, potentially attributed to advancements in diagnostic techniques such as dermoscopy and the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Disparities persist, particularly among rural populations. Targeted interventions focusing on increased screening and education are warranted to further mitigate melanoma mortality and address demographic disparities.
Exploring the interplay of psychiatric symptoms, antipsychotic medications, side effects, employment status, and quality of life in Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: Zhou Dan-na , Yang Xue , Wang Wen , Jin Wen-qing , Tang Yi-lang , Zheng Zhi , Ren Yanping
Published: July 2024

Background

Many factors contribute to quality of life (QoL) in patients with schizophrenia, yet limited research examined these factors in patients in China. This cross-sectional study explores subjective QoL and its associated factors in patients.

Methods

The QoL was assessed using the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS). Clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and seven factors were extracted. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Ascertain Dementia 8 (AD8). The Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) and Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects (RSESE) were used to evaluate the side effects of medications.

Results

We recruited 270 patients (male:142,52.6%, mean age:41.9 ± 9.4 years). Positive correlations were observed between SQLS and its subdomains with the total score of BPRS, PHQ-9, GAD-7, AD8, TESS, and RSESE (all P < 0.005). Patients who were taking activating second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) had lower scores on total SQLS, Motivation/ Energy domain of SQLS (SQLS-ME) as well as Symptoms/ Side effects domain of SQLS (SQLS-SS) compared to those taking non-activating SGAs (all P < 0.005). Multiple regression analysis showed that depressive/ anxiety symptoms and cognitive impairment had significant negative effects on QoL (P ≤ 0.001), while activating SGAs had a positive effect (P < 0.005). Blunted affect and unemployment were inversely associated with the motivation/energy domain (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our findings emphasize the important role of depression/anxiety symptoms and cognitive impairment in the QoL of patients with chronic schizophrenia. Activating SGAs and employment may improve the QoL of these individuals.

Trial registration

This protocol was registered at chictr.org.cn (Identifier: ChiCTR2100043537).
Interaction effects between sleep-related disorders and depression on hypertension among adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Chunhua , Ye Zegen , Chen Liping , Wang Huaqiang , Wu Binbin , Li Di , Pan Sisi , Qiu Weiwen , Ye Haiqin
Published: July 2024

Background

Hypertension, sleep disorders, and depression represent notable public health issues, and their interconnected nature has long been acknowledged. The objective of this study is to explore the interplay between sleep disorders and depression in the context of hypertension.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved 42,143 participants aged 18 and above from the NHANES database across seven survey cycles between 2005 and 2018. After excluding those with missing data on depression, sleep disorders, and hypertension, as well as incomplete main variables, 33,383 participants remained. We used weighted logistic regression to examine the relationship between sleep disorders, depression, and hypertension. Additionally, we assessed the interaction between sleep disorders and depression on hypertension using both multiplicative and additive approaches to quantify their combined effect.

Results

Compared to individuals without sleep disorders, those with sleep disorders have an increased risk of hypertension (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.37–1.67). Furthermore, individuals with depression experience a significantly higher risk of hypertension compared to those with sleep disorders alone (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.95–2.80). Our study reveals a positive interaction between sleep disorders and depression in relation to hypertension risk (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.13). In addition, we observed the quantitative additive interaction indicators (RERI = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56 ~ 0.92; API = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11 ~ 0.46; SI = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.08–3.46) influencing hypertension risk. Furthermore, our research also identified that individuals with less than 7 h of sleep, a sleep latency period between 5 and 30 min, or a latency period exceeding 30 min experience a significantly increased risk of hypertension.

Conclusions

Our research uncovered separate links between sleep disorders, depression, and hypertension prevalence. Moreover, we identified an interaction between depression and sleep disorders in hypertension prevalence. Enhancing mental well-being and tackling sleep disorders could help prevent and manage hypertension. Yet, more investigation is required to establish causation and clarify mechanisms.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among Beninese pregnant women in the third year of the pandemic
Authors: Figueroa-Romero Antía , Atchadé Aurore , Yadouleton Anges , Fiogbe Marc , Bonnet Emmanuel , Yovo Emmanuel , Accrombessi Manfred , Hounsa Sandrine , Paper Thierry , Dupont Raphael , Gaudart Jean , Le Hesran Jean-Yves , Massougbodji Achille , Cottrell Gilles , González Raquel
Published: July 2024

Background

Pregnant women are a vulnerable population to COVID-19 given an increased susceptibility to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and pregnancy complications. However, few SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys have been performed among this population to assess the extent of the infection in sub-Saharan countries. The objectives of this study were to determine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among Beninese pregnant women, to identify spatial seropositivity clusters and to analyse factors associated with the infection.

Methods

A cross-sectional study including women in their third trimester of pregnancy attending the antenatal care (ANC) clinics at Allada (south Benin) and Natitingou (north Benin) was conducted. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for detection of IgG/IgM against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were performed using capillary blood. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associations between SARS-CoV-2 serostatus and maternal characteristics were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Spatial analyses were performed using the spatial scan statistics to identify spatial clusters of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results

A total of 861 pregnant women were enrolled between May 4 and June 29, 2022. 58/861 (6.7%) participants reported having received COVID-19 vaccine. None of the participants had been diagnosed with COVID-19 during their pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 607/802 (75.7%; 95% CI 72.56%–78.62%) of unvaccinated participants. Several urban and rural spatial clusters of SARS-CoV-2 cases were identified in Allada and one urban spatial cluster was identified in Natitingou. Unvaccinated participants from Allada with at least one previous morbidity were at a three-times higher risk of presenting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (OR = 2.89; 95%CI 1.19%-7.00%).

Conclusion

Three out of four pregnant women had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, suggesting a high virus circulation among pregnant women in Benin, while COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low. Pregnant women with comorbidities may be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This population should be prioritized for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccination in order to prevent its deleterious effects.

Trial registration

NCT06170320 (retrospectively registered on December 21, 2023).
Associations between domains of sedentary behavior, well-being, and quality of life – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Teno Sabrina C. , Silva Marlene N. , Júdice Pedro B.
Published: July 2024

The importance of reducing sedentary behavior (SB) in the prevention of mortality and chronic and mental diseases is scientifically well grounded, but SB can be accumulated in diverse domains of life, such as leisure-time SB, transport between home/work/school when sitting (transport-related SB), or in occupational settings such as working or studying (occupational SB), and the associations for each domain of SB with well-being measures and quality of life are still underexplored from a positive perspective. Through a cross-sectional investigation, we collected data from 584 participants who completed a questionnaire throughout November 2021 and with Spearman correlation test, analysed the associations between SB in three different domains with psychological well-being, satisfaction with life, and quality of life. Our results indicated that after adjustment for physical activity, sex, body mass index, smoking history, chronic disease status, financial perception, quality/duration of sleep and university group, in younger adults (18 to 24 years old), leisure-time SB was negatively related to psychological well-being (rho = -0.255; p = 0.008), and in adults (25 to 64 years old), occupational SB was negatively related to satisfaction with life (rho = -0.257; p < .001) and the mental component of quality of life (rho = -0.163; p = 0.027). Our findings highlight the idea that not all SB is built the same and that future strategies to reduce SB from people’s lives must target specific domains of SB according to the age group when aiming to improve well-being and quality of life.
Using machine-learning models to predict extubation failure in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Tao Yue , Ding Xin , Guo Wan-liang
Published: July 2024

Aim

To develop a decision-support tool for predicting extubation failure (EF) in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) using a set of machine-learning algorithms.

Methods

A dataset of 284 BPD neonates on mechanical ventilation was used to develop predictive models via machine-learning algorithms, including extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest, support vector machine, naïve Bayes, logistic regression, and k-nearest neighbor. The top three models were assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and their performance was tested by decision curve analysis (DCA). Confusion matrix was used to show the high performance of the best model. The importance matrix plot and SHapley Additive exPlanations values were calculated to evaluate the feature importance and visualize the results. The nomogram and clinical impact curves were used to validate the final model.

Results

According to the AUC values and DCA results, the XGboost model performed best (AUC = 0.873, sensitivity = 0.896, specificity = 0.838). The nomogram and clinical impact curve verified that the XGBoost model possessed a significant predictive value. The following were predictive factors for EF: pO2, hemoglobin, mechanical ventilation (MV) rate, pH, Apgar score at 5 min, FiO2, C-reactive protein, Apgar score at 1 min, red blood cell count, PIP, gestational age, highest FiO2 at the first 24 h, heart rate, birth weight, pCO2. Further, pO2, hemoglobin, and MV rate were the three most important factors for predicting EF.

Conclusions

The present study indicated that the XGBoost model was significant in predicting EF in BPD neonates with mechanical ventilation, which is helpful in determining the right extubation time among neonates with BPD to reduce the occurrence of complications.
Effectiveness of different intrusion modes of maxillary anterior teeth with mini-implants in clear aligner treatment: a three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Xiao Tian , Su Jing-yuan , Lei Jie , Zhang Xin , Yu Jian , Nie Xiu-ping , Ying Qiao-hui , Hou Jun-xiang , Guo Jie
Published: July 2024

Background

The intrusion of maxillary anterior teeth is often required and there are various intrusion modes with mini-implants in clear aligner treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of maxillary anterior teeth intrusion with different intrusion modes, aiming to provide references for precise and safe intrusion movements in clinical practice.

Methods

Cone-beam computed tomography and intraoral optical scanning data of a patient were collected. Finite element models of the maxilla, maxillary dentition, periodontal ligaments (PDLs), clear aligner (CA), attachments, and mini-implants were established. Different intrusion modes of the maxillary anterior teeth were simulated by changing the mini-implant site (between central incisors, between central and lateral incisor, between lateral incisor and canine), loading site (between central incisors, on central incisor, between central and lateral incisor, between lateral incisor and canine), and loading mode (labial loading and labiolingual loading). Ten conditions were generated and intrusive forces of 100 g were applied totally. Then displacement tendency of the maxillary anterior teeth and CA, and stress of the PDLs were analyzed.

Results

For the central incisor under condition L14 and for the canine under conditions L11, L13, L23, and L33, the intrusion amount was negative. Under other conditions, the intrusion amount was positive. The labiolingual angulation of maxillary anterior teeth exhibited positive changes under all conditions, with greater changes under linguoincisal loading. The mesiodistal angulation of canine exhibited positive changes under labial loading, while negative changes under linguoincisal loading except for condition L14.

Conclusions

The intrusion amount, labiolingual and mesiodistal angulations of the maxillary anterior teeth were affected by the mini-implant site, loading site, and loading mode. Labial and linguoincisal loading may have opposite effects on the intrusion amount of maxillary anterior teeth and the mesiodistal angulation of canine. The labiolingual angulation of the maxillary incisors would increase under all intrusion modes, with greater increases under linguoincisal loading.
The mechanism and therapeutic potential of lncRNA MIR497HG/miR-16-5p axis in breast cancer
Authors: Cheng Quan , Yu Dong-Yang , Zhou Yong-Hong , Huang Jian-Yuan
Published: July 2024

Background

Breast cancer has become a major public health problem in the current society, and its incidence rate ranks the first among Chinese female malignant tumors. This paper once again confirmed the efficacy of lncRNA in tumor regulation by introducing the mechanism of the diagnosis of breast cancer by the MIR497HG/miR-16-5p axis.

Methods

The abnormal expression of MIR497HG in breast cancer was determined by RT-qPCR method, and the correlation between MIR497HG expression and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients was analyzed via Chi-square test. To understand the diagnostic potential of MIR497HG in breast cancer by drawing the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The overexpressed MIR497HG (pcDNA3.1-MIR497HG) was designed and constructed to explore the regulation of elevated MIR497HG on biological function of BT549 and Hs 578T cells through Transwell assays. Additionally, the luciferase gene reporter assay and Pearson analysis evaluated the targeting relationship of MIR497HG to miR-16-5p.

Results

MIR497HG was decreased in breast cancer and had high diagnostic function, while elevated MIR497HG inhibited the migration and invasion of BT549 and Hs 578T cells. In terms of functional mechanism, miR-16-5p was the target of MIR497HG, and MIR497HG reversely regulated the miR-16-5p. miR-16-5p mimic reversed the effects of upregulated MIR497HG on cell biological function.

Conclusions

In general, MIR497HG was decreased in breast cancer, and the MIR497HG/miR-16-5p axis regulated breast cancer tumorigenesis, providing effective insights for the diagnosis of patients.
Pityriasis Rosea-Like Eruption following anti-fatigue traditional herbs: Aconitum carmichaelii Debx and Panax Ginseng suspected
Authors: Zeng Xueyan , Zhou Xin , Zhang Aiping , Zhu Yanqin , Lu Bin , Zhu Feiqin , Wu Mengqi , Lin Riyang
Published: July 2024

Traditional herbs have a history of clinical use in anti-fatigue. However, several adverse effects of herbs have been identified. Pityriasis rosea-like eruption (PR-LE) is a rare cutaneous complication of herbs. To the best of our knowledge, there have been few reports of PR-LE following herbs. Here, we described a case of PR-LE that developed 6 days after taking anti-fatigue herbs. After the 17 days of stopping Aconitum carmichaelii Debx and Panax Ginseng, it notably faded. So, when anti-fatigue herbs being authorized for fatigue use, monitoring for potential adverse effects is necessary.
Lived experience, social support, and challenges to health service use during the COVID-19 pandemic among HIV key populations in Indonesia
Authors: Sukmaningrum Evi , Levy Judith , Negara Made Diah , Devika Devika , Wardhani Brigitta Dhyah K. , Wulandari Luh Putu Lila , Januraga Pande Putu
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the lives, health, and social well-being of people globally including presenting special challenges in low to middle income countries for people living with HIV. This study investigates the pandemic experiences of the four key HIV-positive populations in Indonesia: men who have sex with men, transgender women, female sex workers, and people who use drugs. In-depth interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 22 key population members recruited through 9 nongovernment HIV agencies in Jakarta and Bali, Indonesia. Indonesia’s Large-scale Social Restrictions Policy mandating physical distancing and stay-at-home orders had been in effect for 7–10 months at the time of the interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using NVivo™ (R1.7) software. A grounded theory approach identified key concepts along with similarities, differences, and reoccurring patterns of COVID-19 lived experience among participants. Participants recounted the impact of both the pandemic and the Restriction Policy on their interpersonal, financial, medical, and psychosocial well-being. When in need, they turned to formal and informal sources of financial and social support plus their own resourcefulness. Along with other factors, HIV medication shortages, HIV and COVID-19 related stigma, and fear of acquiring COVID-19 negatively impacted their antiretroviral adherence and the use of health services. The results point to the latent consequences of government attempts to curb a pandemic through public health lockdowns and enforced policies of physical separation. Its findings reveal the importance of ensuring that public safety nets for HIV key populations are available to supplement more informal personal sources of needed support.
Application of metal-organic frameworks in infectious wound healing
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Chen Zenghong , Zhang Shuo , Hu Zhiyuan , Shan Jie , Wang Min , Chen Xu-Lin , Wang Xianwen
Published: July 2024

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are metal-organic skeleton compounds composed of self-assembled metal ions or clusters and organic ligands. MOF materials often have porous structures, high specific surface areas, uniform and adjustable pores, high surface activity and easy modification and have a wide range of prospects for application. MOFs have been widely used. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of MOF materials, they have also achieved remarkable results in the field of antimicrobial agents. In this review, the structural composition and synthetic modification of MOF materials are introduced in detail, and the antimicrobial mechanisms and applications of these materials in the healing of infected wounds are described. Moreover, the opportunities and challenges encountered in the development of MOF materials are presented, and we expect that additional MOF materials with high biosafety and efficient antimicrobial capacity will be developed in the future.