bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical effect of stannous fluoride and amine fluoride containing oral hygiene products: A 4-year randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Frese C. , Wohlrab T. , Sheng L. , Kieser M. , Krisam J. , Wolff D.
Published: May 2019

This 4-year randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed at investigating whether routine home use of both a SnCl2/AmF/NaF-containing mouth rinse and toothpaste has a preventive effect on oral health. Fifty-four test subjects were examined in biannual intervals. The primary endpoint “dental erosion” was determined by the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE). The secondary endpoints were “saliva pH”, “dentin hypersensitivity” generated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and “discoloration” measured by the Lobene Stain Index (LSI). A mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) was used to analyze the primary endpoint “dental erosion”. Primary analysis showed a significant intervention effect of the SnCl2/AmF/NaF-containing test product (p1 = 0.0242). This result was confirmed by two additional MMRM-based sensitivity analyses. Comparison of all models showed “dental erosion” values of the intervention group  below values of the control group. Discoloration of the teeth was significantly higher in the intervention than in the control group at all time points. Saliva pH and dentin hypersensitivity were not significantly different between groups over four years. In summary, this RCT is the first to indicate a possible preventive effect of SnCl2/AmF/NaF-containing oral hygiene products on dental erosion over a follow-up period of four years.
Effects of different ablation strategies on long-term left atrial function in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: You Ling , Yao Lixia , Zhou Bolun , Jin Lili , Yin Honglin , Wu Jinglan , Yin Guangli , Yang Ying , Zhang Chenfeng , Liu Yue , Xie Ruiqin
Published: May 2019

Restoration of sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation (AF) by radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is associated with a transient stunning of left atrial (LA) function. However, the long-term effects of different ablation strategies on LA function remain undetermined. We performed randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of RFCA, cryoablation, and 3D mapping-guided cryoablation on LA function of proximal AF patients within 1 year. The 3D mapping-guided cryoablation was defined as a maximum of two cryoablation procedures for each pulmonary vein accompanied by RFCA for additional points until complete pulmonary vein isolation was achieved. Conventional and speckle tracking echocardiographic analyses were performed to evaluate LA function. Among the 210 patients (70 in each group) included, a trend of decreasing LA systolic and diastolic function was observed in all groups, as evidenced by decreases in peak A-wave velocity, the global LA peak systolic strain, the peak strain rate, the peak early diastolic strain rate, and the peak late diastolic strain rate within 7 days to 3 months after ablation followed by gradual recovery thereafter. However, the temporal changes in the above four strain parameters among the three groups did not differ significantly within 1 year after ablation (all p > 0.05). Parameters of the LA emptying fraction and LA dimensions were not significantly affected. These results suggested that stunning of LA function occurred within 7 days to 3 months after ablation, and different strategies of AF ablation did not differentially affect the temporal changes in LA function up to 1 year after ablation.
The role of optic flow pooling in insect flight control in cluttered environments
Authors: Lecoeur Julien , Dacke Marie , Floreano Dario , Baird Emily
Published: May 2019

Flight through cluttered environments, such as forests, poses great challenges for animals and machines alike because even small changes in flight path may lead to collisions with nearby obstacles. When flying along narrow corridors, insects use the magnitude of visual motion experienced in each eye to control their position, height, and speed but it is unclear how this strategy would work when the environment contains nearby obstacles against a distant background. To minimise the risk of collisions, we would expect animals to rely on the visual motion generated by only the nearby obstacles but is this the case? To answer this, we combine behavioural experiments with numerical simulations and provide the first evidence that bumblebees extract the maximum rate of image motion in the frontal visual field to steer away from obstacles. Our findings also suggest that bumblebees use different optic flow calculations to control lateral position, speed, and height.
Exploring the sequence variability of polymerization-involved residues in the production of levan- and inulin-type fructooligosaccharides with a levansucrase
Authors: Possiel Christian , Ortiz-Soto Maria Elena , Ertl Julia , Münch Angela , Vogel Andreas , Schmiedel Ramona , Seibel Jürgen
Published: May 2019

The connection between the gut microbiome composition and human health has long been recognized, such that the host-microbiome interplay is at present the subject of the so-called “precision medicine”. Non-digestible fructooligosaccharides (FOS) can modulate the microbial composition and therefore their consumption occupies a central place in a strategy seeking to reverse microbiome-linked diseases. We created a small library of Bacillus megaterium levansucrase variants with focus on the synthesis of levan- and inulin-type FOS. Modifications were introduced at positions R370, K373 and F419, which are either part of the oligosaccharide elongation pathway or are located in the vicinity of residues that modulate polymerization. These amino acids were exchanged by residues of different characteristics, some of them being extremely low- or non-represented in enzymes of the levansucrase family (Glycoside Hydrolase 68, GH68). F419 seemed to play a minor role in FOS binding. However, changes at R370 abated the levansucrase capacity to synthesize levan-type oligosaccharides, with some mutations turning the product specificity towards neo-FOS and the inulin-like sugar 1-kestose. Although variants retaining the native R370 produced efficiently levan-type tri-, tetra- and pentasaccharides, their capacity to elongate these FOS was hampered by including the mutation K373H or K373L. Mutant K373H, for instance, generated 37- and 5.6-fold higher yields of 6-kestose and 6-nystose, respectively, than the wild-type enzyme, while maintaining a similar catalytic activity. The effect of mutations on the levansucrase product specificity is discussed.
Pt supported on long-rod β-FeOOH as an efficient catalyst for HCHO oxidation at ambient temperature
Authors: Chen Jiashu , Ding Junjie , Li Hongqi , Sun Jinfang , Rui Zebao , Ji Hongbing
Published: May 2019

A novel Pt/FeOOH catalyst containing highly active interface between Pt and β-FeOOH (010) plane have been developed for HCHO oxidation at ambient temperature.
Modulating absorption and charge transfer in bodipy-carbazole donor–acceptor dyads through molecular design
Authors: Strahan John , Popere Bhooshan C. , Khomein Piyachai , Pointer Craig A. , Martin Shea M. , Oldacre Amanda N. , Thayumanavan S. , Young Elizabeth R.
Published: May 2019

Bodipy-based donor–acceptor dyads were evaluated using transient absorption spectroscopy to reveal the influence of beta vs. meso substitution on excited-state dynamics.
Group 11 tris(pyrazolyl)methane complexes: structural features and catalytic applications
Authors: Muñoz-Molina José María , Belderrain Tomás R. , Pérez Pedro J.
Published: May 2019

Tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands (Tpmx) have been for years a step behind their highly popular boron-anionic analogues, the tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands (Tpx).
Photodetection of DNA mismatches by dissymmetric Ru(ii) acridine based complexes
Authors: Gillard Martin , Laramée-Milette Baptiste , Deraedt Quentin , Hanan Garry S. , Loiseau Fredérique , Dejeu Jérôme , Defrancq Eric , Elias Benjamin , Marcélis Lionel
Published: May 2019

Favored radiative deactivation processes in dissymmetric Ru(ii) complexes enable photodetection of DNA mismatches.
Tuning the structural and electronic properties and chemical activities of stanene monolayers by embedding 4d Pd: a DFT study
Authors: Abbasi Amirali
Published: May 2019

The structural, electronic and chemical activities of stanene monolayers can be effectively tuned by introducing Pd atoms.
Transition-metal-free amination phosphoryl azide for the synthesis of phosphoramidates
Authors: Li Qing , Sun Xiaohua , Yang Xiaoqin , Wu Minghu , Sun Shaofa , Chen Xiuling
Published: May 2019

A facile and efficient approach to phosphoramidates was developedviaamination of phosphoryl azides.
Photoactive CO-releasing complexes containing iron – genotoxicity and ability in HO-1 gene induction in HL-60 cells
Authors: Wysokiński Daniel , Lewandowska Patrycja , Zątak Daria , Juszczak Michał , Kluska Magdalena , Lizińska Daria , Rudolf Bogna , Woźniak Katarzyna
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the results of research on the biological properties of two photoactive CO-releasing molecules containing iron, i.e. (η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2(η1-N-maleimidato) (complex A) and (η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2(η1-N-succinimidato) (complex B).
Probabilistic indexes and evaluation method for network structure adaptability with high‐penetration renewable energy
Authors: Zhang Chengming , Cheng Haozhong , Zhang Shenxi , Wang Zheng , Lu Jianzhong , Zhang Xiaohu
Published: May 2019

High‐penetration renewable energy and AC/DC hybrid network are two main basic characteristics of future power systems. Evaluating different networks' structure adaptability is extremely important for the power system to keep economical, safe, reliable and flexible. Firstly, the basic characteristic and the definition of network structure adaptability are given under the background of strong randomness. On this basis, several probable indexes of structure adaptability are proposed. After that, a practical calculation method is put forward, in which the Monte Carlo simulation method and the optimal economic dispatch model are used. Case studies are carried out on the modified IEEE 30‐bus system, and the simulation results show that the proposed indexes can effectively reflect the adaptability of different network structures with the integration of high‐penetration renewable energy.
Radio observations of evaporating objects in the Cygnus OB2 region
Authors: Isequilla N. L. , Fernández-López M. , Benaglia P. , Ishwara-Chandra C. H. , del Palacio S.
Published: May 2019

We present observations of the Cygnus OB2 region obtained with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at frequencies of 325 and 610 MHz. In this contribution we focus on the study of proplyd-like objects (also known as free-floating evaporating gas globules or frEGGs) that typically show an extended cometary morphology. We identify eight objects previously studied at other wavelengths and derive their physical properties by obtaining their optical depth at radio-wavelengths. Using their geometry and the photoionization rate needed to produce their radio-continuum emission, we find that these sources are possibly ionized by a contribution of the stars Cyg OB2 #9 and Cyg OB2 #22. Spectral index maps of the eight frEGGs were constructed, showing a flat spectrum in radio frequencies in general. We interpret these as produced by optically thin ionized gas, although it is possible that a combination of thermal emission, not necessarily optically thin, produced by a diffuse gas component and the instrument response (which detects more diffuse emission at low frequencies) can artificially generate negative spectral indices. In particular, for the case of the Tadpole we suggest that the observed emission is not of non-thermal origin despite the presence of regions with negative spectral indices in our maps.
Percutaneous restoration of bone continuity with screws and PMMA cement in an extensive destruction of the pelvis
Authors: Hermann Anne-Laure , Pioger Charles , Rizzo Claudia , Odri Guillaume , Laredo Jean-Denis
Published: May 2019

We report a case of combined percutaneous screw placement and cementoplasty guided by CT and fluoroscopy in a 66-year-old man with extensive osteolytic destruction of the right iliac bone and sacral wing due to metastasic infiltrative vesical carcinoma. The medical condition was responsible for very limited and painful walking. Two perpendicular screws were inserted into the iliac bone and sacroiliac joint, and bone cement injection was used to anchor the screws and restore the mechanical continuity of the pelvis ring. This minimally invasive procedure allowed for significant and rapid resumption of painless walking.
Vorstellung eines benutzerfreundlichen Programmes zur biometrischen Fallzahlplanung in klinischen und epidemiologischen Studien
Authors: Geis Berit , Tulka Sabrina , Knippschild Stephanie , Krummenauer Frank
Published: May 2019

Hintergrund Für die Darstellung von Studienergebnissen werden von Zeitschriften Konfidenzintervalle eingefordert, da diese anders als Signifikanztests auch die klinische Relevanz der Ergebnisse darlegen. Die in der Planungsphase einer Studie obligatorisch erfolgten biometrischen Fallzahlplanungen werden hingegen in den meisten Fällen über Signifikanztests berichtet, da kaum Methoden zur entsprechenden Planung über Konfidenzintervalle verfügbar sind. Als Resultat sind Planungs- und Ergebnisdarstellung klinischer Studien in vielen Artikeln nicht direkt vergleichbar. Präsentiert werden soll eine neu entwickelte Anwendung, die dem klinischen Benutzer beide Ansätze wechselweise zugänglich macht.

Material und Methoden Die Fallzahlplanung über ein Konfidenzintervall erfordert für den in der Studie aufzudeckenden klinisch relevanten Unterschied die Vorgabe einer maximalen halben Intervallbreite, die Planung über einen Signifikanztest die Vorgabe von dessen Mindestpower. Die resultierenden Fallzahlformeln sind für praktisch relevante Fälle kompatibel und unterscheiden sich hauptsächlich in der Vorgabe der beiden Parameter „Breite“ und „Power“; für die speziell klinischen Anwendern eher vertraute Power existieren bekannte Orientierungswerte (meist 80 oder 90%), während sich die Planung über Konfidenzintervalle aufgrund fehlender Richtlinien für die Wahl der halben Breite als schwieriger zugänglich gestaltet. Anhand der Planung einer Studie zur Rotationsstabilität torischer Intraokularlinsen mit bzw. ohne Kapselspannring werden die beiden Zugänge demonstriert.

Ergebnisse Es wurde eine Applikation entwickelt, in der beide Fallzahlplanungsansätze für den Anwender zugänglich implementiert sind. Dies ermöglicht im Fall 2-armiger Studiendesigns sowohl einen Vergleich der beiden Zugänge als auch einen Wechsel zwischen diesen. Der Anwender wählt zunächst aus, ob eine Berechnung mittels Signifikanztest oder Konfidenzintervall erfolgen soll, woraufhin die jeweiligen Planungsdaten eingegeben und die daraus resultierende Fallzahl sowie die zum alternativen Ansatz korrespondierende Parametrisierung der Planungsdaten ausgegeben wird.

Schlussfolgerung Die entwickelte Applikation ermöglicht eine für klinische Anwender intuitiv zugängliche Fallzahlberechnung für 2-armige Studiendesigns sowohl über Signifikanztests als auch über Konfidenzintervalle.
Update on early thrombus removal for iliofemoral deep vein
thrombosis
Authors: Bækgaard Niels
Published: May 2019

Thrombus removal has for many years been attractive to investigate. The reasons
were to relieve the acute symptoms with painful swelling and even to avoid
tissue loss, but also with focus to decrease the incidence of late
complications. Surgical procedures in the beginning and systemic thrombolysis
years later were practiced in few dedicated centers. The breakthrough came 30
years ago in order to concentrate the lysis procedure directly into the thrombus
material. This minimal invasive catheter-directed procedure was soon combined
with stenting of the well-known iliac vein compression syndrome. Further
development of this modality has taken place with some adjunctive mechanical
devices primarily to minimize bleeding, which is the major concern of the
methods. Less than ten RCT’s have been published over time, but conclusively
supporting the rationale of early thrombus removal for iliofemoral DVT with
reduction of PTS.
2nd Mexican Consensus of Endovenous Chemical Ablation (Scleorotherapy) 2018
Authors: Vega Rasgado F. , Ángel López Paredes J. , Serralde Gallegos J. A. , Bolaños Celaya D. , Ramírez Cadena C. , Alberto Cavazos Ortega M. , Lira Rodríguez O. , Rendón Elías F. , Contreras Cisneros F. , Lugo Ramírez A. , Jiménez Gorena E.
Published: May 2019

Background Sclerotherapy has been carried out since 1516 and is accepted and performed worldwide according to many references from books and journals. Mexican doctors participated in other consensuses in order to obtain various agreements, references, methods and procedures that are universally accepted to establish this document, including the European consensus of sclerotherapy 2003 and its last revision in 2006, the Clinical practice guidelines for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of chronic venous insufficiency in 2009 in México, the Argentine and Latin American consensus for sclerotherapy in 2012, European sclerotherapy guidelines in chronic venous diseases of 2013,and various literature sources as well. The first Mexican consensus on sclerotherapy published in January 2014 which was reviewed and updated in this document.

Objective Review and update the general bases of Endovenous Chemical Ablation (ECA) also known as Sclerotherapy, according to evidence-based medicine updating the previously published consensus.

Method General questions about Endovenous Chemical Ablation (ECA) were established concerning: indications, contraindications, types of sclerosing agents and the concentrations used, patient position, methods of application, way to prepare and preserve the sclerosants, necessary equipment, injection volumes, differents administration ways, compressive therapy and special comments. To answer these questions the existing literature and the topics in which the reports showed uniformity were consulted. A panel of experts was constituted who provided their personal experience, the answers were formulated in the form of clinical guidelines or general recommendations to provide concrete answers to the specific questions, in some issues we include possible accepted variations.
Sinus pilonidalis – was ist die beste chirurgische Therapie?
Authors: Petersen Sven
Published: May 2019

Einleitung Der Sinus pilonidalis ist eine meist chronische punktuelle Infektion der behaarten Haut im Bereich von Hautfalten mit der häufigsten Lokalisation im Bereich der Rima ani. Die Erkrankung hat oft erhebliche Auswirkung auf die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen, die Behandlung kann komplex sein und muss dem Patientenbedarf angepasst werden.

Methoden Im Folgenden wird eine Übersicht über die Entstehung sowie die Behandlungsalternativen und deren Besonderheiten gegeben. Dabei werden jeweils die Aspekte frühe postoperative Ergebnisse, Wundheilungsstörung und Langzeitergebnisse dargestellt.

Ergebnisse Der Pathomechanismus der Pilonidalsinus-Erkrankung ist weiterhin nicht abschließend geklärt, es muss auch weiterhin davon ausgegangen werden, dass die Haare in der Rima ani wesentlich zu Entstehung beitragen. Neuere Erkenntnisse weisen jedoch darauf hin, dass die großen Haarbüschel, die immer wieder in der Wundhöhle gefunden werden, am ehesten von der behaarten Kopfhaut stammen. Es lassen sich im Wesentlichen 3 Gruppen der Behandlungsoptionen unterscheiden: Die Standardbehandlung der Exzision und die folgende offene Wundbehandlung hat eine geringe Rezidivrate, weist jedoch erheblichen Aufwand im Rahmen der Wundbehandlung auf und führt dadurch zu langer Krankheitsdauer. Relativ neu in den Fokus geraten sind die lokal destruierenden Behandlungsverfahren, welche die Haut im Wesentlichen erhalten. Wichtige Vertreter sind das sog. Pit Picking, Fistuloskopie und andere Behandlungsformen wie Phenolinjektion oder Laserbehandlung. Bei diesen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten steht die abschließende Bewertung der Ergebnisse noch aus. Die 3. Behandlungsgruppe umfasst die Exzision und plastisch-rekonstruktive Verfahren. Diese Verfahren sind technisch aufwendig, gehen häufig mit stationärer Behandlung einher und führen langfristig jedoch zu relativ guten Ergebnissen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Pilonidalsinus-Behandlung erfordert eine am Patienten orientierte Therapieplanung. Dabei müssen dem Patienten die unterschiedlichen Behandlungsoptionen vermittelt werden und eine Behandlungsempfehlung muss ausgesprochen werden. Hier dient die Exzision und offene Wundbehandlung weiterhin als Standardverfahren, anhand dessen die Vor- bzw. Nachteile der anderen Behandlungsoptionen vermittelt werden können.
Prone Positioning of Patients with Cervical Spine Pathology
Authors: Boyle Sarah L. , Unger Zoe , Kulkarni Vinay , Massicotte Eric M. , Venkatraghavan Lashmi
Published: May 2019

Patients with cervical trauma or degenerative disease often require surgical decompression and stabilization in the prone position and are at the risk of secondary neurological injury during this transfer. This review aims to explore the current literature on different methods of positioning patients prone and to identify the safest technique to achieve prone positioning in patients with an unstable cervical spine undergoing posterior cervical spine surgery. We searched the Embase, Medline, and Medline-in Process databases for literature in English related to prone positioning patients with cervical spine pathology undergoing spine surgery. Seventy-three citations were identified as relevant and reviewed in detail with 20 articles being identified as answering the clinical questions posed. Our literature review identified three methods of prone positioning patients with cervical pathology: logroll with manual in-line stabilization (MILS), rotating the patient on a specialized spinal table using a “sandwich and flip” technique, and awake prone positioning. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. When comparing the degree of neck movement between positioning techniques, “sandwich and flip” rotation was associated with over 50% reduction in both flexion–extension and axial–lateral rotation as compared to logroll with MILS. Awake self-positioning of a patient is another alternative that allows for rapid neurological assessment after repositioning. A “sandwich and flip” is the safest way to turn a patient with cervical pathology into a prone position for surgery. For cooperative patients, who are physically capable, awake self-positioning is a good alternative.
Hemolytic Anemia following Stent-Graft Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation
Authors: Kuei Andrew , Mikolajczyk Adam E. , Niemeyer Matthew M.
Published: May 2019

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation is a minimally invasive technique aimed at managing the complications of portal hypertension. Initially performed in the setting of variceal bleeding, the role of TIPS has expanded to treatment of medically refractory ascites, portal hypertensive gastropathy, hepatic hydrothorax, Budd-Chiari syndrome, portal vein thrombus, and hepatorenal syndrome. Potential complications from TIPS are well documented, and include hepatic encephalopathy, hepatic failure, and TIPS dysfunction. Hemolytic anemia is a lesser known complication related to TIPS creation. In this article, a case of hemolytic anemia following TIPS creation using a Viatorr stent-graft in described.
Transplant Hepatic Artery Stenosis: Endovascular Treatment and Complications
Authors: Molvar Christopher , Ogilvie Ross , Aggarwal Deep , Borge Marc
Published: May 2019

Hepatic artery stenosis (HAS) is an infrequent complication of liver transplant; if left untreated, it can lead to hepatic artery thrombosis with high risk of biliary necrosis and graft loss. HAS is diagnosed with screening Doppler ultrasound, together with computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography. Endovascular treatment with angioplasty ± stent placement is safe and effective with infrequent major complications; however, when complications occur, they can devastate long-term graft survival. Herein, we present two cases of HAS treated with balloon angioplasty with resultant major complications requiring operative intervention.
Managing Arrow-Trerotola Percutaneous Thrombolytic Device Complications
Authors: Simpson Russell O. , Gaba Ron C. , Lipnik Andrew J.
Published: May 2019

Dialysis access interventions are frequently performed by interventional radiologists. Several commercially available percutaneous thrombolytic devices can help restore patency to thrombosed arteriovenous access circuits. The Arrow-Trerotola Percutaneous Thrombolytic Device is one such device, and has a long track record of safe and effective use. However, like any medical device, complications can occur during its use. This article describes three complications and associated management strategies utilizing fundamental interventional radiology techniques of balloon tamponade, stent placement, and snare mediated foreign body retrieval.
Cystic Artery Hemorrhage after Cholecystostomy Catheter Exchange Treated with Transcatheter Embolization
Authors: Sada David M. , Metwalli Zeyad A.
Published: May 2019

The pathogenesis of formation of cystic artery pseudoaneurysms is not well understood, but is thought to result from erosion of the cystic artery wall from the adjacent inflammatory process associated with acute or chronic cholecystitis. The presented case discusses an incident of hemorrhage from a cystic artery pseudoaneurysm resulting in a large perihepatic hematoma as well as hemobilia, which developed after a routine cholecystostomy catheter exchange. This was treated with transcatheter embolization using ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer.
Case of Acute Onset Postpartum Paraplegia: Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma–A Rare Entity
Authors: Pandey Praveen Kumar , Pawar Inder , Singh Harsimar
Published: May 2019

Study Design Present study is a case report.

Objective This study was to present a rare case of acute postpartum paraplegia due to spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH).

Background SSEH with incidence rate of 0.1 per 100,000 per year is an extremely rare cause of sudden onset neurological deficit in postpartum patients with no predisposing factors or intrapartum factor causing SSEH resulting in paraplegia.

Material and Methods We hereby present our case of acute onset postpartum paraplegia which on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows epidural hematoma around thoracic 12 to lumbar 2 (T12–L2) vertebral regions with adjacent cord changes. MRI is the investigation of choice in such cases which helps in proper timely management of patient. We planned the patient for surgical decompression of hematoma.

Results Patient showed rapid reversal of neurological symptoms in postoperative period.

Conclusions Acute onset postpartum paraplegia in a healthy female with no significant past history, predisposing factors or intrapartum factors may be caused by SSEH and it should be managed on emergency basis as early and proper treatment has an excellent prognosis as seen in our case.
Construction of a simple thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence reader for luminescence dosimetry research
Authors: Mittani J. C. R. , Tudela D. R. G. , Ramirez A. M.
Published: May 2019

This work describes the construction of a simple thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) reader using commercial components such as temperature and power controllers for thermal stimulation, as well as green laser diodes (532 nm) for optical stimulation. To evaluate the performance of the equipment, TL measurements were carried out on the built equipment and Risø TL/OSL reader using Al2O3:C chip dosimeters. Both measurements showed the same glow curve with two TL peaks, one with low intensity at 85 °C and the other with high intensity at 220 °C. OSL measurements in Al2O3:C chips showed a well-behaved exponential decay signal and linear behavior of OSL intensity for doses between 2 and 10 mGy with a rough calculation of minimum detection dose of ∼2 µGy.
Method maps electric field of wide-bandgap semiconductor in 3D
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: May 2019

Two-photon absorption transient current technique reveals charge carrier transport properties, as well as relationship between structural defects and electric field inside diamond sample.
Equivalence of trophic structure between a tropical and temperate mangrove ecosystem in the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Mazumder Debashish , Saintilan Neil , Yusoff Fatimah M. , Kelleway Jeffrey J.
Published: May 2019

In this study we compared ecosystem trophic structure between a tropical mangrove forest at Matang, Malaysia, and a temperate mangrove forest near mangrove poleward limits at Towra Point in south-east Australia. These forests are separated by 8500km of ocean over 45° of latitude and are of contrasting size, productivity and diversity. However, we observed a marked degree of similarity in food chain length (approximately four trophic levels in both forests), the taxonomy of key intermediate members of the food chain and the isotope signature of primary carbon sources, suggesting a strong contribution of surface organic matter rather than mangrove detritus. Common families were represented among dominant grazing herbivores, zooplanktivorous fishes, decapod crustaceans and top predators. These similarities suggest that there is some consistency in trophic interactions within two mangroves on opposite sides of the Indo-Pacific, despite a degree of evolutionary divergence in the assemblage.
Radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer to 90Y and the radiobiological implications for radioembolisation therapy
Authors: Lee Boon Q , Abbott Elliot M , Able Sarah , Thompson James M , Hill Mark A , Kartsonaki Christiana , Vallis Katherine A , Falzone Nadia
Published: May 2019

Approximately 50% of all colorectal cancer (CRC) patients will develop metastasis to the liver. 90Y selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) is an established treatment for metastatic CRC. There is still a fundamental lack of understanding regarding the radiobiology underlying the dose response. This study was designed to determine the radiosensitivity of two CRC cell lines (DLD-1 and HT-29) to 90Y β
− radiation exposure, and thus the relative effectiveness of 90Y SIRT in relation to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).

A 90Y-source dish was sandwiched between culture dishes to irradiate DLD-1 or HT-29 cells for a period of 6 d. Cell survival was determined by clonogenic assay. Dose absorbed per 90Y disintegration was calculated using the PENELOPE Monte Carlo code. PENELOPE simulations were benchmarked against relative dose measurements using EBT3 GAFchromic™ film. Statistical regression based on the linear-quadratic model was used to determine the radiosensitivity parameters

and

using R. These results were compared to radiosensitivity parameters determined for 6 MV clinical x-rays and 137Cs γ-ray exposure. Equivalent dose of EBRT in 2 Gy (

) and 10 Gy (

) fractions were derived for 90Y dose.

HT-29 cells were more radioresistant than DLD-1 for all treatment modalities. Radiosensitivity parameters determined for 6 MV x-rays and 137Cs γ-ray were equivalent for both cell lines. The

ratio for 90Y β
−-particle exposure was over an order of magnitude higher than the other two modalities due to protraction of dose delivery. Consequently, an 90Y SIRT absorbed dose of 60 Gy equates to an

of 28.7 and 54.5 Gy and an

of 17.6 and 19.3 Gy for DLD-1 and HT-29 cell lines, respectively.

We derived radiosensitivity parameters for two CRC cell lines exposed to 90Y β
−-particles, 6 MV x-rays, and 137Cs γ-ray irradiation. These radiobiological parameters are critical to understanding the dose response of CRC lesions and ultimately informs the efficacy of 90Y SIRT relative to other radiation therapy modalities.
Cell rearrangement induced by filopodial tension accounts for the late phase of convergent extension in the sea urchin archenteron
Authors: Hardin Jeff , Weliky Michael
Published: May 2019

George Oster was a pioneer in using mechanical models to interrogate morphogenesis in animal embryos. Convergent extension is a particularly important morphogenetic process to which George Oster gave significant attention. Late elongation of the sea urchin archenteron is a classic example of convergent extension in a monolayered tube, which has been proposed to be driven by extrinsic axial tension due to the activity of secondary mesenchyme cells. Using a vertex-based mechanical model, we show that key features of archenteron elongation can be accounted for by passive cell rearrangement due to applied tension. The model mimics the cell elongation and the Poisson effect (necking) that occur in actual archenterons. We also show that, as predicted by the model, ablation of secondary mesenchyme cells late in archenteron elongation does not result in extensive elastic recoil. Moreover, blocking the addition of cells to the base of the archenteron late in archenteron elongation leads to excessive cell rearrangement consistent with tension-induced rearrangement of a smaller cohort of cells. Our mechanical simulation suggests that responsive rearrangement can account for key features of archenteron elongation and provides a useful starting point for designing future experiments to examine the mechanical properties of the archenteron.
Relationship Quality Among Older Cohabitors: A Comparison to Remarrieds
Authors: Wright Matthew R
Published: May 2019

Objectives

Later life marital patterns have undergone shifts over the past few decades, including a rapid growth of cohabiting unions. Despite the increase in older adult cohabitation, research on this population has been slow to keep up. Intimate relationships are linked to well-being and relationship quality is especially important because high-quality relationships offer a number of benefits for well-being, whereas poor-quality relationships often are detrimental. This study compares cohabiting and remarried individuals on two measures of relationship quality.

Method

Using data from the 2010 and 2012 Health and Retirement Study, I investigate the positive and negative relationship quality of cohabitors relative to their remarried counterparts and whether the association of union type and relationship quality varies by race.

Results

Across both positive and negative relationship quality, I found few differences between cohabiting and remarried individuals. Black cohabitors report higher positive relationship quality than remarrieds, whereas White cohabitors and remarrieds do not differ.

Discussion

These findings suggest that cohabiting unions and remarriages are comparable among White older adults, but that Black cohabitors may gain more in terms of positive relationship quality than their remarried counterparts.
A haplotype-resolved draft genome of the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus)
Authors: Louro Bruno , De Moro Gianluca , Garcia Carlos , Cox Cymon J , Veríssimo Ana , Sabatino Stephen J , Santos António M , Canário Adelino V M
Published: May 2019

Background

The European sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum, 1792) is culturally and economically important throughout its distribution. Monitoring studies of sardine populations report an alarming decrease in stocks due to overfishing and environmental change, which has resulted in historically low captures along the Iberian Atlantic coast. Important biological and ecological features such as population diversity, structure, and migratory patterns can be addressed with the development and use of genomics resources.

Findings

The genome of a single female individual was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq X Ten 10x Genomics linked reads, generating 113.8 gigabase pairs of data. Three draft genomes were assembled: 2 haploid genomes with a total size of 935 megabase pairs (N50 103 kilobase pairs) each, and a consensus genome of total size 950 megabase pairs (N50 97 kilobase pairs). The genome completeness assessment captured 84% of Actinopterygii Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs. To obtain a more complete analysis, the transcriptomes of 11 tissues were sequenced to aid the functional annotation of the genome, resulting in 40,777 genes predicted. Variant calling on nearly half of the haplotype genome resulted in the identification of >2.3 million phased single-nucleotide polymorphisms with heterozygous loci.

Conclusions

A draft genome was obtained, despite a high level of sequence repeats and heterozygosity, which are expected genome characteristics of a wild sardine. The reference sardine genome and respective variant data will be a cornerstone resource of ongoing population genomics studies to be integrated into future sardine stock assessment modelling to better manage this valuable resource.
The cost of not breastfeeding: global results from a new tool
Authors: Walters Dylan D , Phan Linh T H , Mathisen Roger
Published: May 2019

Evidence shows that breastfeeding has many health, human capital and future economic benefits for young children, their mothers and countries. The new Cost of Not Breastfeeding tool, based on open access data, was developed to help policy-makers and advocates have information on the estimated human and economic costs of not breastfeeding at the country, regional and global levels. The results of the analysis using the tool show that 595 379 childhood deaths (6 to 59 months) from diarrhoea and pneumonia each year can be attributed to not breastfeeding according to global recommendations from WHO and UNICEF. It also estimates that 974 956 cases of childhood obesity can be attributed to not breastfeeding according to recommendations each year. For women, breastfeeding is estimated to have the potential to prevent 98 243 deaths from breast and ovarian cancers as well as type II diabetes each year. This level of avoidable morbidity and mortality translates into global health system treatment costs of US$1.1 billion annually. The economic losses of premature child and women’s mortality are estimated to equal US$53.7 billion in future lost earnings each year. The largest component of economic losses, however, is the cognitive losses, which are estimated to equal US$285.4 billion annually. Aggregating these costs, the total global economic losses are estimated to be US$341.3 billion, or 0.70% of global gross national income. While the aim of the tool is to capture the majority of the costs, the estimates are likely to be conservative since economic costs of increased household caregiving time (mainly borne by women), and treatment costs related to other diseases attributable to not breastfeeding according to recommendations are not included in the analysis. This study illustrates the substantial costs of not breastfeeding, and potential economic benefits that could be generated by government and development partners’ investments in scaling up effective breastfeeding promotion and support strategies.
Future directions for the concept of salutogenesis: a position article
Authors: Bauer G F , Roy M , Bakibinga P , Contu P , Downe S , Eriksson M , Espnes G A , Jensen B B , Juvinya Canal D , Lindström B , Mana A , Mittelmark M B , Morgan A R , Pelikan J M , Saboga-Nunes L , Sagy S , Shorey S , Vaandrager L , Vinje H F
Published: May 2019

Aaron Antonovsky advanced the concept of salutogenesis almost four decades ago (Antonovsky, Health, Stress and Coping. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, 1979; Unravelling the Mystery of Health. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, 1987). Salutogenesis posits that life experiences shape the sense of coherence (SOC) that helps to mobilize resources to cope with stressors and manage tension successfully (determining one’s movement on the health Ease/Dis-ease continuum). Antonovsky considered the three-dimensional SOC (i.e. comprehensibility, manageability, meaningfulness) as the key answer to his question about the origin of health. The field of health promotion has adopted the concept of salutogenesis as reflected in the international Handbook of Salutogenesis (Mittelmark et al., The Handbook of Salutogenesis. Springer, New York, 2016). However, health promotion mostly builds on the more vague, general salutogenic orientation that implies the need to foster resources and capacities to promote health and wellbeing. To strengthen the knowledge base of salutogenesis, the Global Working Group on Salutogenesis (GWG-Sal) of the International Union of Health Promotion and Education produced the Handbook of Salutogenesis. During the creation of the handbook and the regular meetings of the GWG-Sal, the working group identified four key conceptual issues to be advanced: (i) the overall salutogenic model of health; (ii) the SOC concept; (iii) the design of salutogenic interventions and change processes in complex systems; (iv) the application of salutogenesis beyond health sector. For each of these areas, we first highlight Antonovsky’s original contribution and then present suggestions for future development. These ideas will help guide GWG-Sal’s work to strengthen salutogenesis as a theory base for health promotion.
Proposal to Update the Curriculum in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases for Categorical Gastroenterology Fellows
Authors: Malter Lisa B , Israel Amanda , Rubin David T
Published: May 2019

Education in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) varies widely between categorical gastroenterology (GI) programs and is largely related to the presence of expert clinicians, patient population, and the presence of an IBD center. The treatment of IBD is becoming increasingly complex at a rapid pace, widening this educational divide. This manuscript outlines all the current US educational offerings in IBD for GI fellows, including how to obtain supplemental education during the 3-year training period and beyond. It reviews how to assess trainee knowledge in the field of IBD and proposes 8 clinically anchored, entrustable professional activities that should help prioritize important aspects of IBD management to incorporate during categorical GI training.
The Role of DRD1 and DRD2 Receptors for Response Selection Under Varying Complexity Levels: Implications for Metacontrol Processes
Authors: Zink Nicolas , Bensmann Wiebke , Arning Larissa , Colzato Lorenza S , Stock Ann-Kathrin , Beste Christian
Published: May 2019

Background

Highly complex tasks generally benefit from increases in cognitive control, which has been linked to dopamine. Yet, the same amount of control may actually be detrimental in tasks with low complexity so that the task-dependent allocation of cognitive control resources (also known as “metacontrol”) is key to expedient and adaptive behavior in various contexts.

Methods

Given that dopamine D1 and D2 receptors have been suggested to exert opposing effects on cognitive control, we investigated the impact of 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the DRD1 (rs4532) and DRD2 (rs6277) genes on metacontrol in 195 healthy young adults. Subjects performed 2 consecutive tasks that differed in their demand for control (starting with the less complex task and then performing a more complex task rule).

Results

We found carriers of the DRD1 rs4532 G allele to outperform noncarriers in case of high control requirements (i.e., reveal a better response accuracy), but not in case of low control requirements. This was confirmed by Bayesian analyses. No effects of DRD2 rs6277 genotype on either task were evident, again confirmed by Bayesian analyses.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that higher DRD1 receptor efficiency improves performance during high, but not low, control requirements, probably by promoting a “D1 state,” which is characterized by highly stable task set representations. The null findings for DRD2 signaling might be explained by the fact that the “D2 state” is thought to enhance flexible switching between task set representations when our task only featured 1 task set at any given time.
Adjunctive transferrin to reduce the emergence of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Luna Brian M , Ershova Ksenia , Yan Jun , Ulhaq Amber , Nielsen Travis B , Hsieh Sarah , Pantapalangkoor Paul , Vanscoy Brian , Ambrose Paul , Rudin Sue , Hujer Kristine , Bonomo Robert A , Actis Luis , Skaar Eric P , Spellberg Brad
Published: May 2019

Background

New strategies are needed to slow the emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens. In particular, society is experiencing a crisis of antibiotic-resistant infections caused by Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and novel therapeutics are desperately needed to combat such diseases. Acquisition of iron from the host is a nearly universal requirement for microbial pathogens—including Gram-negative bacteria—to cause infection. We have previously reported that apo-transferrin (lacking iron) can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in culture and diminish emergence of resistance to rifampicin.

Objectives

To define the potential of apo-transferrin to inhibit in vitro growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, key Gram-negative pathogens, and to reduce emergence of resistance to antibiotics.

Methods

The efficacy of apo-transferrin alone or in combination with meropenem or ciprofloxacin against K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii clinical isolates was tested by MIC assay, time–kill assay and assays for the selection of resistant mutants.

Results

We confirmed that apo-transferrin had detectable MICs for all strains tested of both pathogens. Apo-transferrin mediated an additive antimicrobial effect for both antibiotics against multiple strains in time–kill assays. Finally, adding apo-transferrin to ciprofloxacin or meropenem reduced the emergence of resistant mutants during 20 day serial passaging of both species.

Conclusions

These results suggest that apo-transferrin may have promise to suppress the emergence of antibiotic-resistant mutants when treating infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
Implementing a competition law system—Three Decades of Polish Experience
Authors: Martyniszyn Marek , Bernatt Maciej
Published: May 2019

This article critically analyses the introduction and development of a system of competition law in Poland prior to 2016, a period when the country underwent two fundamental transitions: from a centrally planned economy to free markets and from communism to democracy. In particular, the study focuses on the competition agency’s setup, advocacy and enforcement efforts. It also examines the position and input of the judiciary, practitioners and the broader epistemic community. The study uniquely benefits from in-depth interviews with individuals who shaped the Polish system over nearly 30 years of its existence (inclusive of all former heads of the agency, judges, leading practitioners, and agency advisors) and from analysis of newly gathered data and statistics. It also draws on broader scholarship on new competition regimes. The findings are aimed to inform refinements in Poland and other countries establishing or developing competition law systems. This study will be particularly salient in countries that are undergoing or have undergone similar economic and/or political transitions.