bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„A Słowo stało się ciałem” (J 1,14) – Mesjasz mostem dialogu między Bogiem i człowiekiem?
Authors: Miduch Maria
Published: November 2020

„And the word became flesh”. The Messiah as a bridge of dialogue between God and man The relationship of God and man was destroyed by sin. God does not leave people without hope. He promises help. Through ages he sent out his prophets to keep the hope of Messiah. Some of the first messianic prophecies seem to be especially interesting. We can see the longing for the lost safety, for paradise. They seem to be very human related. God’s fulfillment of this promise does not omit people’s desires and needs, it exceeds them. The goal of Messiah is not only to bring people the perfect relationship with God, it is to take it to a higher level. God, who became a human in the person of Messiah, is closer to man in as never before. Relacja Boga z człowiekiem została zniszczona przez grzech. Bóg jednak nie zostawia człowieka bez nadziei. Obiecuje pomoc. Przez wieki wysyła swoich proroków, by podtrzymywali nadzieję na nadejście Mesjasza. Pierwsze z mesjańskich proroctw wydają się być szczególnie interesujące. Przebija przez nie ludzka tęsknota za utraconym poczuciem bezpieczeństwa, za rajem. Zdają się być one najbardziej ludzkie. Boskie wypełnienie obietnicy nie pomija ludzkich pragnień, ale je przekracza. Dzieło, które ma do wykonania Mesjasz, to nie tylko przywrócenie człowiekowi rajskiej relacji z Bogiem, ale także wyniesienie jej na wyższy poziom. Bóg, który stał się człowiekiem w osobie Mesjasza, jest tak blisko człowieka, jak nigdy dotąd.
LÀM SẠCH BỀ MẶT KÍNH NGOÀI CÔNG TRÌNH CÓ SỰ HỖ TRỢ CỦA THIẾT BỊ LAU KÍNH
Authors: SƠN LÊ MINH , DƯƠNG CAO ÁNH , HOÀNG HỒ THANH
Published: November 2020

Hiện nay, hầu hết bề mặt kính công trình cao tầng được làm sạch thủ công. Người thợ phải dùng dây cáp được cố định trên mái công trình và các dụng cụ hỗ trợ để làm sạch bề mặt kính. Đây là công việc ẩn chứa nhiều rủi ro cho người lao động và có hiệu suất làm việc không cao. Vì vậy, việc sử dụng thiết bị thay thế cho người lao động trong việc làm sạch bề mặt kính là rất cần thiết. Thiết bị giúp giảm thiểu rủi ro tai nạn cho người lao động, nâng cao hiệu suất làm sạch và có thể làm việc trong điều kiện trời mưa. Thiết bị được vận hành bởi các cơ cấu hoạt động theo một chu trình xác định trước.
The relationship between Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index: Evidence from 11 Middle East countries
Authors: Hussain Sadam , Nasiri Alireza , Akram Muhammad Shahid , Zahra Fatima
Published: November 2020

This study explores the nexus between Gross Domestic Product and the Human Development Index in the case of eleven selected Middle East countries. Panel data has been utilized from the period of 1991-2017. By using fixed and random effect models, the Human Development Index is taken as a dependent variable and gross domestic product, population, unemployment and inflation as independent variables. The result supports the random-effect model. The finding shows that the Human Development Index has a negative and significant relationship between Gross Domestic Product and Inflation. With the dependent variable, the population has an insignificant relation. Moreover, unemployment has a positive relationship with the Human Development Index.
Analysis of the Safety Risks of Working With Job Safety Analysis On the Installation of Scaffolding at PT. Jaya Konstruksi Jakarta
Authors: Evi Mulyaningsih
Published: November 2020

Scaffolding has a large potential risk of accidents, this is due to more diverse workprocesses and scaffolding installation activities.The purpose to this study was todetermine the level of occupational safety risk in the scaffolding installation process.The method of study is qualitative method. There are 223 people in the studypopulation with the Slovin Formula, we got at least 30 people. The sample used 33people by purposive sampling technique with criteria of worker who have workedfor 3 year working, 1 year scaffolding installation experience and the educationminimize of senior high school. The data collected by deeply interview, documentstudy, observation and questionnaire. Data analyzing by data reduction, datapresentation and conclusion of verification. The results of study shows a. there are80 potential hazard risk identification that can pose a risk hazard; b. theconsequences and probability result is 5 x5, 4 x3, 3x and 2x1; c. the risk assessmentare 37,3 % extreme risk, 30 % high risk, 28.7 % moderate risk and 3.7 % low risk.Scratched risk is 0.038 on housekeeping at the level low risk so can be concludedthat most of scaffolding installation risk are at level extreme and high risk.
Creative Manufacturing: A Driving Force behind Mexico City’s Future as a Creative Cluster
Authors: Sancho Andrea
Published: November 2020

The Mexican government is in the wake of employing new strategies to move the economy into a “post-maquila” age by focusing its growth on advanced manufacturing sectors. These plans are dedicated to such industries as aerospace, transportation, and tooling. This study, in contrast, builds on the idea of investing in innovation and creativity by proposing a focused solution for the Mexico City metropolis. Mexico City is experiencing a social and economic renaissance that, if properly nurtured, can propel it to become a design and manufacturing cluster of innovative and creative products. This study will evaluate recent changes, focusing on the growing creative class and entrepreneurial climate, as well as assessing what is missing in order to foster the creation of this cluster that would ultimately offer similar economic and social benefits as advanced manufacturing. This investigation was conducted by examining published studies and reports and conducting interviews.
DEDİKODU OLGUSU: ATASÖZLERİ VE DEYİMLER ÜZERİNE BİR İÇERİK ANALİZİ
Authors: GÜREL Emet , ÖZŞENLER Selma Didem
Published: November 2020

Dedikodu; en yalın ifadeyle herhangi bir kişi, grup ya da örgüt hakkında yapılan konuşmadır. İnsani bir olgu olan dedikodu, aynı zamanda bir iletişim şeklidir. Gündelik yaşamın önemli bir bölümünü oluşturan dedikodu, çağcıl dönemde iletişim araç ve teknolojilerinin gelişimine koşut olarak daha kitlesel bir nitelik arz etmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kişilerarası iletişim başta olmak üzere tüm iletişim türlerinde kendine has bir yere sahip olan dedikodu olgusunu mercek altına almaktır. Dedikodu olgusu, çalışma kapsamında dile yönelik yansımaları üzerinden konu edilmiş ve Türkçede bulunan atasözleri ile deyimler üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın kavramsal çerçevesi, dedikodunun alanyazındaki kapsamını ve disiplinlerarası niteliğini konu etmektedir. Nitel yöntemle tasarlanan araştırma, Türk Dil Kurumu -TDK- tarafından hazırlanmış olan Atasözleri ve Deyimler Sözlüğü çalışma evreni olarak seçilerek tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında Türkçede yer alan dedikodu temalı atasözleri ve deyimler tespit edilerek içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara ilişkin detaylar, çalışmanın sonuç kısmına yansıtılmış ve Türk toplumunun dedikodu olgusuna yönelik bakış açısına ilişkin çıkarımlar yapılmıştır. Çalışma, araştırma bulgularının tartışılması ve gelecek çalışmalara yönelik öneriler ile sonlandırılmıştır.
Yeni İpekyolu Projesi ve Türkiye – Kazakistan - Çin İlişkileri Kapsamında Ulaştırma Koridorları
Authors: MARANGOZ Mehmet , TUNCER Büşra
Published: November 2020

Yeni İpek Yolu projesi, kazan kazan anlayışı ile ülkelerin katılımını teşvik eden bir küresel kalkınma projesi olarak ilk kez Çin Devlet Başkanı Xi Jinping tarafından 2013 yılında kamuoyuna duyuruldu. Tarihi İpek Yolundan ilham alınarak geliştirilen bu girişimin temel amacı, Asya’yı karadan ve denizden Avrupa’ya bağlayacak ticaret ve altyapı ağı oluşturarak ekonomik faaliyetlerin küreselleşmesini sağlamak; kazan-kazan anlayışı ile küresel işbirliğini arttırmak ve geçtiği güzergahta toplumsal refah yaratarak bölgesel ekonomik kalkınmayı teşvik etmektir. Kapsayıcılığı ve ‘altyapı’ya odaklanıyor oluşu ise bu girişimi, diğer uluslararası işbirliklerinden ayıran en temel özelliğidir. Bu çalışmada, Çin’in öncülüğünde başlayan Yeni İpek Yolu projesinin geçiş güzergahında yer alan Türkiye ve Kazakistan’ın önemi analiz edilirken aynı zamanda iki ülke arasındaki ticari ilişkiler Çin bağlamında değerlendirilmektedir. The New Silk Road project was announced to the public in 2013 for the first time by Chinese President Xi Jinping as a global development project that encourages the participation of countries with a win-win approach. The main purpose of this initiative, which is inspired by the historical Silk Road, is to create a trade and infrastructure network that will connect Asia to Europe from land and sea, and to ensure the globalization of economic activities. In addition, this initiative aims to encourage regional economic development by creating global cooperation and social welfare on the route it passes through with a win-win approach. Its inclusiveness and focus being 'infrastructure' is the main feature that distinguishes this initiative from other international collaborations. In this study, the importance of Turkey and Kazakhstan will be discussed in terms of New Silk Road’s transit routes while the commercial impact on Turkey and Kazakhstan relations will be evaluated with a view from China perspective.
Application for Calculating Psychological Pressure in the DASS (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale) Scale Using the Certainty Factor Method
Authors:   Computer Technology NSC Polytechnic Surabaya, Indonesia, Fitro Achmad
Published: November 2020

Psychological stresses such as depression, anxiety, and stress often experienced by students can affect academic performance, physical health, and psychosocial well-being. The purpose of this research is to build a facility in the form of a website-based application for students in particular and the general public in order to know the level of psychological pressure they are experiencing. The psychological scale used is the DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale) and the calculation uses the Certainty Factor method. In carrying out this research, there are three main stages that are carried out, namely; The first stage, looking for literature studies related to research. Second stage, conducting interviews with experts to get a certainty value on the scale that the researcher uses. Then, build an expert system using prototype development methods and web-based applications. The third stage, implementation was carried out by getting Computer Technology student respondents. This research is a new domain for the NSC Surabaya Polytechnic which will implement an expert system by utilizing the Certainty Factor method in analyzing student stress levels through intelligent applications that will be implemented in the form of a website, with the calculation of Certainty Factors, the application can produce evidence or analysis that can be used. in changing the learning system.
Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation of a Novel In-Service Training Strategy of Public Health Staff: Evidence from Colombo Regional Directorate of Health Services, Sri Lanka
Authors:   Ministry of Health, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka, Arnold S.M.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Continuous in-service training sessions help in updating and upgrading the competency of the public health field staff. Implementation of these sessions with the uniform delivery of the quality assured content has been a challenge in the Sri Lankan well-established preventive healthcare system. Aim: To describe the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of a novel in-service training strategy of public health staff including Pubic Health Inspectors (PHI) and Public Health Midwives (PHM) conducted in the Colombo Regional Directorate of Health, Sri Lanka from January to June 2018. Methods: A consultative meeting and a workshop was conducted with the participation of all stakeholders in reviewing the existing in-service training methodology and in recommending the strategies of overcoming the limitations of it. A novel strategy was developed for the implementation of in-service sessions with multi-level implementation and evaluation components. The in-service training sessions were conducted to improve the knowledge and quality of service provision by Public Health Inspectors, Public Health Midwives and other public health staff. Four evaluation indicators were defined. Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed rank test were used in the evaluation. Results: By the consultative meetings and workshops, four main weaknesses of the existing in-service training system were revealed, and three characteristics of an ideal system were defined. Two process indicators have shown a coverage of the intervention of 100% while the median satisfaction scores were observed to be 85% or above. Two output/outcome indicators have shown that the interventions have yielded significantly higher post-intervention scores compared to the pre-intervention scores as perceived by the staff members (p<0.05), while the reception of feedback reports was 100%. Conclusions and Recommendations: The novel strategy is seemingly effective in relation to the four evaluation indicators used. Possibility of implementing similar strategies in other areas must be explored with the view of disseminating quality assured content with uniformity among the public health field staff categories in the monthly in-service sessions.
PERJODOHAN DAN ISU EKOKRITIK DALAM METROPOP DIMI IS MARRIED KARYA RETNI SB
Authors: Intan Tania , Mariamurti Prima Agustina , Saefullah Nurul Hikmayaty
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengungkap fenomena perjodohan dan isu ekokritik dalam novel metropop Dimi is Marriedkarya Retni SB. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan kritik sastra feminis dan ekologi sastra. Data berupa kata, frasa, dan kalimat dari objek penelitian dikumpulkan dengan teknik simak-catat setelah melalui pembacaan tertutup. Data kemudian diklasifikasi berdasarkan permasalahan, diinterpretasi, dan dianalisis dengan teori-teori yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjodohan diperantarai oleh kedua orang tua dengan motif menjaga “keningratan” dalam konteks modern. Perjodohan dilakukan dengan menerapkan pertimbangan atas kriteria tradisional, yaitu bibit, bebet, dan bobot. Standar perempuan yang diinginkan sebagai calon istri adalah yang sesuai dengan stereotipe peran gender, yaitu berkarakter manis, sopan, patuh, dan sayang pada orang tua. Permasalahan dalam perjodohan terjadi karena relasi yang tidak homogen di antara pasangan berkaitan dengan alasan menikah, status sosial, dan pandangan hidup. Isu ekokritik yang dibahas dalam novel melibatkan elemen hutan, bencana, binatang, dan bumi. Perempuan menyuarakan kerusakan alam dan kerugian yang dialami rakyat lokal akibat pengelolaan industri yang abai pada lingkungan. Dalam pandangan feminis, ideologi patriarki bekerja melalui perlakuan manusia terhadap alam yang menyerupai tindakan laki-laki pada perempuan, yaitu sebagai objek eksploitasi.
Gesture Controlled Robotic Hand Using RF Unit and Accelerometer
Authors: Shaji Ashwin K. , Dhiman Rinku
Published: November 2020

In the race of man v/s machine, automation comes as a companion of man and machine. Taking the technology to the next level from the mobile driven world to an automation driven world, will increase manufacturers their production rates, productivity and efficiency with materials, product quality, and worker safety. From ancient times the ingenuity and the brain power human beings have astonished researchers with engineering and mechanical marvels like the wheel, bow and arrow, cross bows, etc. What started from the wheel did not end there but evolved into the complex mechatronics systems that we see around us today. The robotics is one such human marvel that will be one-day equal human beings themselves. The robots thus have far more use in the daily life than any other systems. The robotics and automation is a rising piece of technology which could lessen the loads of work and solve the problems exponentially. As robotics is finding its place on every sector in this globe, the aim this project is to introduce robotics in the field of industry. The title of the system is ‘Gesture controlled robotic arm’. The aim of the system is to provide safety and to increase productivity in our industries. The research project should be designed in such a way that it should occupy minimum space, should possess high maneuverability and high agility. The project in discussion is types of robots which needs minimum space and are proved to be highly maneuverable and highly agile. The robot contains two main units, one is the robotic arm and second is the data glove with accelerometer using a RF controller. The robotic arm unit is responsible for the hand functions of the whole structure of the robot. The data glove is responsible for the input feedback to the robotic arm. The robotic unit will be controlled by an Arduino platform to improve its stability. The angle tilt will be measured using ADXL335 sensor. The ADXL335 uses angle, tilt and yaw values with Arduino for data transfer. Through advanced primary and secondary research techniques, system implementation hurdles and potential risks involved in developing such a system are identified. The project is fully planned using advanced project management techniques like PERT chart and Gantt chart in order to identify the critical activities and the timeline related with it.
Retrospective Experiential Learning Theory and its Impact on Countering Social Exclusion in Ecotourism
Authors: C.D. Mathew , Aithal P. S.
Published: November 2020

Retrospective Experiential Learning (REL) is an instrument for regularising and normalising the guiding experience of the guides. Ultimately it results in routinising the very rare excellent service that happened earlier. In this paper, the Retrospective Experiential Learning test is carried out at Thenmala and PTR concerning Client Associations Management. Guides have been asked to reminisce their good experiences in connection with tourism services. REL has contributed towards enhanced service quality. The empirical study shows that REL can produce results. It has been found that concentrated REL strategy is not applicable to the two destinations. Here, the tourists who are assessed in connection with implementing new ideas told that they would prefer intuitive, imaginative, creative, participative, and idea generating environment to enjoy ecotourism with local tourist guides rather than a rigid bureaucratic environment. The paper focuses on the impact of REL on service quality in ecotourism sector. The discussions are directed towards improving service quality and its impact on social exclusion.
Szaknyelvi portfólió újratöltve: egy hallgatói attitűdfelmérés tapasztalatai
Authors: Bánhegyi Mátyás , Fajt Balázs , Dósa Ildikó
Published: November 2020

A 2019-es tavaszi félévben karunkon a szaknyelvoktatáshoz kapcsolódóan kísérleti jelleggel vezettük be a portfólió módszert. A félév végén a módszer kapcsán kismintás kutatás során hallgatói attitűdvizsgálatot végeztünk, amelynek keretében arra is kíváncsiak voltunk, hogy hallgatóink mennyire elégedettek a portfólió módszerről részükre rendelkezésre bocsátott információkkal, a feladatok jellegével és az értékelési skálákkal. A hallgatói visszajelzések alapján a korábbi portfóliónkat átdolgoztuk: módosítottuk a hallgatók részére rendelkezésre álló információkat és a módszer tanórán való bemutatását; az elvégzendő feladatokat részletesebben leírtuk és még több csoportmunkát tettünk a feladatok közé; az értékelő skálákat pedig tovább pontosítottuk. Jelen cikkünk – összehasonlítva a korábbi portfólióval – ezt a megújult szaknyelvi portfóliót mutatja be.
Narrating pain: the representation of social actors
Authors: Gyuró Monika
Published: November 2020

Charmaz (1995) claims that modes of living with pain are embedded in particular activity levels reflected by language use. Therefore, the contribution investigates the concept of agency in a corpus of pain narratives of chronic patients. The research questions involve the manner in which ill people experience their position related to others in society (inclusion-exclusion). Therefore, we can study ill people’s subject position with the dominant position of medical professionals. Therefore, the analysis also uses the Systemic Functional Linguistics and the socio-semantic approach as a methodological framework. The paper demonstrates the discourse structures on the representational, positional levels of metafunctions, and giving an account on role allocation and nomination/categorization of social actors framing agency. The study analyzed 14 narratives of individuals afflicted with chronic pain. In conclusion, the analysis reveals that narrators are active participants in the process of experiencing and coping with pain.
Metadiscourse distribution measurement – an experimental case study of a translation
Authors: Neumayer Dénes
Published: November 2020

The term metadiscourse is used for language elements that either aid the organising of a text or serve the expression of the writer’s stance towards the content of the text or towards the reader. Most research done on metadiscourse scrutinise the number and quality of these elements for whole texts, while disregard the examination of the patterns on a lower level. Nevertheless, discovering paragraph-level patterns may not just help understand the metadiscourse structure of texts but could also help us understand better what happens to texts during translation. To our knowledge, no established methods exist to measure and compare metadiscourse distribution patterns. This paper introduces a method of paragraph-level analysis and comparison, and presents the results of a small case study carried out on a textbook excerpt and its translation. The method shown here opens up the possibility to furthering the depth of knowledge about text construction, reader-writer communication and discourse community-specific characteristics and how these features are handled during translation.
Impacto de fatores associados à sintomatologia depressiva na saúde de idosos após mudança habitacional
Authors: Fernandes dos Santos Jovelina , Evangelista de Andrade Mayara , Rodrigues de Souza Joyce Wadna , Coelho Ariane Moreira , Rabelo de Sousa Fernandes Petra Kelly , Costa Fernandes Marcelo
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Conhecer as dificuldades que o idoso apresenta após mudança de moradia e que influenciam para os sintomas de depressão. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 14 idosos, em 2018, residentes em um conjunto habitacional para idosos localizado na cidade de Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brasil. Empregou-se entrevista semiestruturada para a coleta de dados, sendo os depoimentos decompostos e organizados por meio do processo metodológico do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, emergindo três ideias centrais, descritas a seguir: conflitos familiares; dificuldade nas relações interpessoais e isolamento social como desencadeador da depressão. Resultados: Os participantes desta pesquisa possuem uma rede social escassa e poucas relações significativas. Além disso, retratam dificuldades nas relações interpessoais e conflitos com seus familiares. Conclusão: No presente estudo, pode-se ver sentimentos que podem resultar no surgimento da sintomatologia depressiva, como sentimento de solidão, dificuldades de convivência e isolamento social, apesar do programa habitacional oferecer assistência à saúde e espaços de convivência para a interação social e lazer.
Controle valorativo dos atos de autonomia praticados por pessoas com deficiência intelectual ou psíquica
Authors: Brochado Teixeira Ana Carolina , Teixeira Leal Livia
Published: November 2020

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar os reflexos do Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência sobre o regime das

incapacidades e consequentemente sobre a teoria das invalidades, buscando uma análise funcional, que compatibilize a

exclusão das pessoas com deficiência intelectual ou psíquica dos arts. 3º e 4º do Código Civil de 2002 com as finalidades

da Lei Brasileira de Inclusão. Propõe-se que o intérprete module a invalidação do ato, diante da situação concretamente

analisada, a partir da verificação do grau de vulnerabilidade e discernimento em concreto da pessoa com deficiência

intelectual ou psíquica no momento da prática do ato, bem como se o ato e seus efeitos atendem ou não aos valores do

ordenamento, realizando-se um controle de merecimento de tutela.
Democracias frágeis e cortes constitucionais: o que é a coisa certa a fazer?
Authors: Streck Lenio Luiz , Motta Francisco
Published: November 2020

Este ensaio discute o conceito de democracias frágeis, trabalhado por Samuel Issacharoff, para considerar a possibilidade de sua aplicação como ferramenta de análise do cenário brasileiro. Renovaremos, com o autor, a clássica investigação sobre se o Direito tem, ou não, condições de proteger a democracia. Mais especificamente, pretendemos, a partir da análise mais abrangente de Issacharoff, delimitar o papel crucial desempenhado por Cortes Constitucionais para a consolidação do caráter democrático de democracias emergentes. Na sequência, colocaremos em perspectiva a conhecida proposta de Ronald Dworkin, por nós defendida em trabalhos anteriores, de que (i) não há uma relação de oposição entre constitucionalismo e democracia, e de que (ii) decisões judiciais devem ser geradas por princípios, e não por argumentos de política. Por fim, a partir dessas reflexões teóricas, esboçaremos algumas notas sobre o caso brasileiro.
Microphysical properties of three types of snow clouds: implication for satellite snowfall retrievals
Authors: Jeoung Hwayoung , Liu Guosheng , Kim Kwonil , Lee Gyuwon , Seo Eun-Kyoung
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Ground-based radar and radiometer data observed during the 2017–2018 winter
season over the Pyeongchang area on the east coast of the Korean Peninsula were
used to simultaneously estimate both the cloud liquid water path and snowfall
rate for three types of snow clouds: near-surface, shallow, and deep.
Surveying all the observed data, it is found that near-surface clouds are the
most frequently observed cloud type with an area fraction of over 60 %,
while deep clouds contribute the most in snowfall volume with about 50 %
of the total. The probability distributions of snowfall rates are clearly
different among the three types of clouds, with the vast majority hardly
reaching 0.3 mm h−1 (liquid water equivalent snowfall rate) for
near-surface, 0.5 mm h−1 for shallow, and 1 mm h−1 for deep
clouds. However, the liquid water paths in the three types of clouds all have the
substantial probability to reach 500 g m−2. There is no clear
correlation found between snowfall rate and the liquid water path for any of the
cloud types. Based on all observed snow profiles, brightness temperatures at
Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GPM/GMI) channels are simulated,
and the ability of a Bayesian algorithm to retrieve snowfall rate is
examined using half the profiles as observations and the other half as an a priori
database. Under an idealized scenario, i.e., without considering the
uncertainties caused by surface emissivity, ice particle size distribution,
and particle shape, the study found that the correlation as expressed by
R2 between the “retrieved” and “observed” snowfall rates is about
0.32, 0.41, and 0.62, respectively, for near-surface, shallow, and deep
snow clouds over land surfaces; these numbers basically indicate the upper
limits capped by cloud natural variability, to which the retrieval skill of
a Bayesian retrieval algorithm can reach. A hypothetical retrieval for the
same clouds but over ocean is also studied, and a major improvement in
skills is found for near-surface clouds with R2 increasing from 0.32 to
0.52, while a smaller improvement is found for shallow and deep clouds. This
study provides a general picture of the microphysical characteristics of the
different types of snow clouds and points out the associated challenges
in retrieving their snowfall rate from passive microwave observations.
Effects of clouds on the UV Absorbing Aerosol Index from TROPOMI
Authors: Kooreman Maurits L. , Stammes Piet , Trees Victor , Sneep Maarten , Tilstra L. Gijsbert , de Graaf Martin , Stein Zweers Deborah C. , Wang Ping , Tuinder Olaf N. E. , Veefkind J. Pepijn
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The ultraviolet (UV) Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI) is widely used as an indicator for the presence of absorbing aerosols in the atmosphere. Here we consider the TROPOMI AAI based on the 340 nm/380 nm wavelength pair. We investigate the effects of clouds on the AAI observed at small and large scales. The large-scale effects are studied using an aggregate of TROPOMI measurements over an area mostly devoid of absorbing aerosols (Pacific Ocean). The study reveals that several structural features can be distinguished in the AAI, such as the cloud bow, viewing zenith angle dependence, sunglint, and a previously unexplained increase in AAI values at extreme viewing and solar geometries. We explain these features in terms of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the scene in combination with the different ratios of diffuse and direct illumination of the surface at 340 and 380 nm. To reduce the dependency on the BRDF and homogenize the AAI distribution across the orbit, we present three different AAI retrieval models: the traditional Lambertian scene model (LSM), a Lambertian cloud model (LCM), and a scattering cloud model (SCM). We perform a model study to assess the propagation of errors in auxiliary databases used in the cloud models. The three models are then applied to the same low-aerosol region. Results show that using the LCM and SCM gives on average a higher AAI than the LSM. Additionally, a more homogeneous distribution is retrieved across the orbit. At the small scale, related to the high spatial resolution of TROPOMI, strong local increases and decreases in AAI are observed in the presence of clouds.
The BRDF effect presented here is a first step – more research is needed to explain the small-scale cloud effects on the AAI.
Evaluation of optical particulate matter sensors under realistic conditions of strong and mild urban pollution
Authors: Masic Adnan , Bibic Dzevad , Pikula Boran , Blazevic Almir , Huremovic Jasna , Zero Sabina
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In this paper we evaluate characteristics of three optical particulate matter sensors/sizers (OPS): high-end spectrometer
11-D (Grimm, Germany), low-cost sensor OPC-N2 (Alphasense, United Kingdom) and in-house developed MAQS
(Mobile Air Quality System), which is based on another
low-cost sensor – PMS5003 (Plantower, China), under realistic conditions of strong and mild urban pollution. Results were compared against a reference
gravimetric system, based on a Gemini (Dadolab, Italy), 2.3 m3 h−1 air sampler, with two channels (simultaneously measuring PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations).
The measurements were performed in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina, from December 2019 until May 2020.
This interval is divided into period 1 – strong pollution – and period 2 – mild pollution. The city of Sarajevo is one of the most polluted cities in Europe in terms of particulate matter: the average concentration of PM2.5
during the period 1 was 83 µg m−3, with
daily average values exceeding 500 µg m−3. During period 2, the average concentration of
PM2.5 was 20 µg m−3. These conditions represent a good opportunity to test optical devices against the reference instrument in a wide range of ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations. The effect of an in-house developed diffusion dryer for 11-D is discussed as well. In order to analyse the mass distribution of particles, a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), which together with the 11-D spectrometer gives the full spectrum from nanoparticles of diameter 10 nm to coarse particles of diameter 35 µm, was used.
All tested devices showed excellent correlation with the
reference instrument in period 1, with R2 values between 0.90 and 0.99 for daily average PM concentrations. However, in period 2, where the range of concentrations was much narrower,
R2 values decreased significantly, to values from 0.28 to 0.92. We have also included results of a 13.5-month long-term comparison of our MAQS sensor with a nearby beta attenuation monitor (BAM) 1020 (Met One Instruments, USA) operated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), which showed similar correlation and no observable change in performance over time.
Hydroxyurea associated ileocecal valve ulcer: evidence for causality
Authors: Jayaraman Thevaraajan , Rajaram Ruveena Bhavani , Gan Gin Gin , Hilmi Ida
Published: November 2020

Hydroxyurea is an antimetabolite drug that is commonly used in many hematological disorders. Ulcer formation in the gastrointestinal tract is a rare phenomenon associated with this drug. We report a case of a 73-year-old woman who was found to have an isolated ileocecal valve ulcer while on hydroxyurea 1 g daily for essential thrombocythemia. A comprehensive evaluation ruled out all other causes. The cytoreductive therapy was switched to anagrelide and the endoscopic evaluation 6 months later showed complete healing of the ulcer. However, the hydroxyurea was resumed due to increasing platelet counts and intolerance to dose increments of the anagrelide. Subsequently, the patient was found to have a recurrence of the ulcer. Apart from oral ulcers, there have also been reports of ulcers involving the small bowel and the colon associated with the use of hydroxyurea. The pathophysiology of the non-oral gastrointestinal ulceration in relation to this drug is unclear. Withdrawal of the drug typically leads to complete resolution. Increasing awareness of the rare association between the use of hydroxyurea and nonoral gastrointestinal ulcers is essential for early detection to prevent related complications.
Uses for earthquake detectors
Authors: Tyler R. G. , Baguley D. E.
Published: November 2020

The history and use of earthquake detectors in New Zealand is described,  both for switching on earthquake recorders and for switching off energy sources or equipment in the event of an earthquake. Their use as earthquake alarms, in particular to give a warning when a certain level of acceleration has been reached is discussed. For a warning device mounted in a structure suitable filtering is needed to ensure that the threshold acceleration is related to the response of the structure.
Differences in CSR Disclosure in the Annual Reports of Islamic and Conventional Banks: Evidence from Kuwait
Authors: Almutairi Ghareeb M. , Almarri Mohammad H. J. , Alsamhan Ahmad S.
Published: November 2020

This paper explores the differences in corporate social responsibility disclosure in the annual reports of Islamic and conventional banks operating in Kuwait. A content analysis of the six banks’ annual reports from 2007 through 2009 was conducted to examine their corporate social responsibility practices in relation to the marketplace, workplace, community, and environment. The results show that both types of banks made certain social disclosures in the years studied. Interestingly, despite Islamic Sharia calls for and emphasizes ethical business behavior, the Islamic banks studied disclosed less corporate social responsibility information as compared with conventional banks. Furthermore, the corporate social responsibility information disclosed by the Islamic banks declined noticeably over time. The conventional banks, however, increased their disclosures during the financial crisis of 2008. By measuring and comparing the volume of corporate social responsibility information disclosed by the three Islamic banks and the three conventional banks in Kuwait the results of this study contribute to the corporate social responsibility literature.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 10, No. 6
Authors: Xu Diana
Published: November 2020

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 10, No. 6, 2020. 
Reviewer Acknowledgements, Vol. 14, No. 12, December 2020
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: November 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements, Vol. 14, No. 12, December 2020
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4
Authors: Dou Paige
Published: November 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2020.
Resilience in School Children – A Multicultural Comparison between Three Countries – Croatia, Sweden and Portugal
Authors: Miljević-Riđički Renata , Simões Celeste , Kimber Birgitta
Published: November 2020

Culture and context are important for children's development, affecting, inter alia, resilience. The main aim of our research was to find out if resilience among schoolaged children aged 10-12 differs between three countries – Croatia, Sweden and Portugal. The participants were 750 pupils from Croatian, Swedish and Portuguese schools, 54.5% boys and 45.5% girls. The instrument used was the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 (CYRM-28). Descriptive statistics were computed, and one-way between- -groups ANOVAs were performed. The CYRM total score, as well as the item scores, were high. Both differences and similarities between the three countries were found. Sweden and Portugal share the highest number of non-significant comparisons, followed by Croatia and Sweden. Croatia and Portugal have the least between-pair similarities. The results are discussed in the context of countries' needs for education for resilience and application of the resilience curriculum (RESCUR).
Has the Accession of Croatia to the EU Affected Business Sentiment in Industry? Synthetic Control Method Approach
Authors: Škrinjarić Tihana , Čižmešija Mirjana
Published: November 2020

Some economic and political events determine the level and dynamics of real economic variables on one hand, and business sentiment as a "soft" variable with a good predictive power for those variables, on the other. In this paper, we observe the impact Croatia's accession to the European Union (EU) in 2013 had on the Industrial confidence indicator (ICI) as a measure of business sentiment in Croatia's industry. Entering the EU had a strong positive impact on the economies of countries that had joined the Union. Unlike other new EU member states, which entered the EU in an upward phase of the European business cycle, Croatia entered this community immediately after the stabilization of the European debt crisis and in a long period of recession. Using a novel application of the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) to the business survey (BS) data, the main hypothesis, that Croatia's accession to the EU had a strong positive impact on the ICI (which can be explained as euphoria), is confirmed. Conclusions derived from this research are a contribution to the improvement and popularization of BS and SCM.
The correlation between the pelvic movement symmetry during motion, as well as body mass and the alignment of the knees of schoolchildren
Authors: Wojtanowski Wiesław , Kozioł Paulina , Jankowicz-Szymańska Agnieszka
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Body posture, including the alignment of the knees, as well as being overweight or obese, has a measurable influence on the way one moves. Most of the somatic and motor dysfunctions, which are often a problem for adults, originated in their childhood. Ailments regarding motor functions among adults are often a consequence of a previously overlooked or untreated dysfunction. Children and teenagers are a large group of patients suffering from dysfunctions of such type. The goal of this research was to assess the degree of influence being overweight or obese and having valgus knees has over children’s pelvic movement symmetry during motion. Materials and methods: 192 primary school students, aged 11-13, from Tarnow and its surrounding areas took part in the study. The alignment of their lower limbs was realised through measuring the distances between their medial malleoli, while standing up, with legs joined at knees. The pelvic movement symmetry while walking was tested with the BTS G-Walk device. Results: Boys have been diagnosed with having excessive body weight and valgus knees alignment more often than girls. A crucial correlation between being overweight or obese and having valgus knees was noted. A notable difference in the pelvic movement symmetry during motion between overweight or obese children and those with correct body weight, as well as between children with valgus and correct knees alignment has been determined. Studying the correlation coefficient has shown that BMI is more relevant than knee alignment to the problem in question. Conclusion: Gait re-education should be a part of kinesitherapy both for the children with valgus knees and those with excessive body weight.
Russian Bases Abroad: Security Policy or Power Projection?
Authors: Brylew Marek
Published: November 2020

After the collapse of the bipolar system, the Soviet Union, and then its heir, the Russian Federation, lost its position as a global player in favour of US hegemony. The arms race was abandoned, reduction of military spending began, and Russian troops were withdrawn from most bases outside the country. The changing conditions of Russia’s security, NATO enlargement, and loss of influence in many regions of the world have prompted the Russian authorities to change their security policy and restore the former balance. The security policy of the Russian Federation aimed at rebuilding its superpower position in the world is implemented, among others, through their military presence outside its borders. The use of this instrument in foreign policy serves both to regain a dominant role and to pursue particular interests – including internal ones. A critical analysis based on the literature on the subject, strategic documents of the Russian Federation, and reports and articles available on the Internet confirms the assumption that the Russian Federation successfully strengthens its position in the world, thus strengthening not only the security of the state, but also manifesting its power.
Expansion of the Oil Terminal in Gdańsk – Outlook and Benefits for the Oil Security of Poland
Authors: Wojcieszak Łukasz
Published: November 2020

The paper shows the role of and the outlooks for the extension of Naftoport Oil Terminal in Gdańsk, Poland as well as the impact of the ongoing development on oil import options and, as a result, on the oil security of the country. The expansion of the oil terminal in Gdańsk is an extremely important project and the largest investment of this type in Poland. Key elements of the development of the terminal are: new transshipment stations and their enhancement, new oil tanks, the construction of the second oil pipeline running to the center of Poland, the development of crude oil technological installations, electricity grid, water and foam networks, sanitary networks, roads, and automation systems. The expansion of Naftoport significantly increases Poland’s oil security as well as import capabilities of the country, ensuring continuous oil supplies to Polish refineries, often at a lower price.
Repair of residual aortic dissections with frozen elephant trunk technique
Authors: Akbulut Mustafa
Published: November 2020

Background: In this study, we present our mid-term results of reoperation with the frozen elephant trunk procedure due to patent false lumen-related complications in patients previously undergoing supracoronary aortic repair for acute type A aortic dissection. Methods: Between January 2013 and September 2018, a total of 23 patients (17 males, 6 females; mean age 51.5±9.7 years; range, 30 to 67 years) who underwent ascending aortic replacement due to type A aortic dissection and, later, frozen elephant trunk procedure for residual distal dissection were included. For diagnostic purposes and follow-up, computed tomography angiography was performed in all patients, and both re-entry and aortic diameters were evaluated. Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function and valve pathologies. Results: The Ishimaru zone 0 (n=11, 47.8%), Ishimaru zone 1 (n=1, 4.3%), Ishimaru zone 2 (n=4, 17.4%), and Ishimaru zone 3 (n=7, 30.4%) were used for frozen elephant trunk stent graft fixation. The mean duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and antegrade selective cerebral perfusion was 223.9±71.2 min and 88.9±60.3 min, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 13%, while there was one (4.3%) aortic-related death and four (17.4%) re-interventions during follow-up. Conclusion: Early repair should be considered in the presence of persistent dissections due to alarmingly high mortality rates of reoperations. Reoperation with the frozen elephant trunk procedure has acceptable results and the decision of the procedure to be performed should be based on preoperative risk factors of the patient.
Treatment of outflow graft stenosis in left ventricular assist device patients: Endovascular approach
Authors: Karahan Mehmet
Published: November 2020

Left ventricular assist device outflow graft stenosis is a rare, but a lethal complication. Device replacement or thrombolytic treatments are associated with serious mortality and morbidity. Implantation of covered stents is a less invasive option. Herein, we represent a successful stent placement of two cases with outflow graft stenosis, which we performed by leaving the stents on the aortic side of the anastomosis line 5 to 10 mm. This treatment option can be used reliably in cases of stenosis of the outflow graft with part of the stent leaving the aorta.
International Relations of Sokol Brno I Association between 1862 and 1914
Authors: Strachová Milena , Vostrý Zdeněk
Published: November 2020

This paper describes the history of the Sokol organisation in Brno, especially the international outreach of Sokol Brno I, and charts the beginning of the national emancipation movement and the organisation’s growing ability to promote its own policies in the framework of wider European relations. The paper analyses the conditions for the development of foreign ties, the growing confidence of the Sokol movement and its ideas.
Mountaineers as comrade rescuers – deficiencies in First Aid knowledge, minimum physical fitness andtechnical requirements, and environmental exposures
Authors: Küpper T , Morrison A
Published: November 2020

Self-reliance in the mountains requires the ability to cope with most eventualities that may arise. This includes First Aid (FA) care and rescue of a fellow mountaineer in an emergency situation that can require complex but trainable skills. This FA training should reflect the environmental conditions encountered, as these vary and add complications. The minimum fitness required by the group of rescuer has been estimated to be 3 to 3.5 W/kg body weight. Different deficiencies in FA knowledge were identified according to the climbing style, and the subjects were generally unable to judge their level of knowledge. Rescue services data on the victim’s injuries inform and vary FA content according to the mountaineering activity. Data on the rescuer’s mental health (e.g. acute stress management or post-traumatic stress disorder) are sparse and require further research. This review summarises the known requirements and other considerations to perform preventive specialist mountain FA courses to enable mountaineers to provide health and safety for the victim and for themselves. These skills should be periodically refreshed. Key Words: Accidents, Emergency Medicine, Injury Care, Emergency Situation