bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prioridade n.º1 – conquista de leitores
Authors: Novo Ana , Calixto José António
Published: October 2016

Este texto descreve e discute as estratégias de conquista de leitores, adoptadas por 20 professores bibliotecários de Escolas Básicas Integradas (EBIs) do ensino público Português, integradas na Rede de Bibliotecas Escolares (RBE) até 2005. Tem como ponto de partida as conclusões de relatórios nacionais que sugerem que os estudantes Portugueses revelam competências abaixo da média dos países da OCDE, que estudantes com menos competências literácitas são mais vulneráveis ao insucesso escolar e que o combate ao insucesso pode passar pela conquista de leitores. O estudo em que o texto se baseia resulta também da análise qualitativa de 20 entrevistas que tiveram lugar entre Novembro de 2006 e Janeiro de 2007, e da análise documental dos Planos de Actividades das BE/CREs das referidas EBIs. Estas análises, parte integrante da terceira fase de investigação de um programa de doutoramento, apontam a leitura como uma das condições necessárias ao sucesso escolar/educativo e uma das maiores preocupações para os professores bibliotecários. Várias estratégias para a conquista de leitores aparecem no discurso da totalidade dos entrevistados, colocados em escolas com características e localização geográfica diversas, não tendo sido encontradas diferenças significativas de opinião, quanto à sua importância. Investigação feita em Portugal acerca do impacto que as bibliotecas escolares e os professores bibliotecários podem ter no sucesso escolar/educativo, directamente relacionado com a (in) existência de práticas de leitura, é reduzida. Este texto visa trazer algum conhecimento sobre a maneira como estes profissionais tentam conquistar leitores combatendo o insucesso escolar.
A biblioteca escolar
Authors: Santo Helena Espírito
Published: October 2016

O presente trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre a leitura em Biblioteca Escolar (BE) no Ensino Secundário, numa perspectiva de leitor para toda a vida, partindo das condições intrínsecas e abordando as extrínsecas ao acto de ler, num ambiente como o pedagógico em que a leitura é instrumento e objecto da Escola e um apuramento de dados sobre leituras literárias efectuadas pelos alunos na BE da Escola Secundária Francisco Rodrigues Lobo em Leiria. A actual realidade das bibliotecas escolares, fruto do Programa da Rede de Bibliotecas Escolares, propicia um quadro de condições capazes de estimular a leitura em BE: espaço, fundos e equipamentos disponíveis, ligação professor-bibliotecário ou funcionário e aluno-leitor. Porém, tal depende das condições de leitura do leitor, particularmente, do leitor-aluno do Ensino Secundário, cujo perfil pressupõe que seja já um leitor autónomo, apto a usufruir da leitura literária que o programa de Português oferece e que na BE poderá expandir, na certeza de que a leitura literária contribui para a humanização e o desenvolvimento da sociedade. Assim, a realidade mostra que o aluno-leitor do Ensino Secundário é um leitor em construção, exercitando a autonomia, a responsabilidade, a auto-regulação e que a biblioteca escolar tem um importante papel nessa construção com acções continuadas de promoção da leitura que abarquem diferentes estádios da construção. Uma análise de registos de requisições domiciliárias de quatro anos lectivos permite concluir que trinta por cento do requisitado em cada ano lectivo corresponde à área das literaturas
Bibliotecas comunitárias em Belo Horizonte
Authors: Vieira Heloisa Maria , Reis Alcenir Soares dos
Published: October 2016

Pesquisa sobre bibliotecas comunitárias em Belo Horizonte, como alternativa cultural para as classes populares. Identifica, caracteriza e analisa os fatores históricos e sociais relativos à implantação das bibliotecas comunitárias em Belo Horizonte, as estratégias de constituição das mesmas (infra-estrutura, acervos, pessoal, etc.) bem como busca apreender a importância e o significado do livro e da leitura, a partir da ótica dos usuários e criadores, no que se refere à inserção na cultura e no exercício da cidadania; em função de seus objetivos a metodologia utilizada tem um caráter qualitativo/quantitativo, tendo sido escolhida a entrevista como instrumento de coleta de dados. Apresenta como conclusões que a importância do livro está relacionada à educação formal e informal como única possibilidade de inserção social; que a biblioteca amplia o espaço para o sucesso no âmbito escolar – talvez a única chance de sucesso em uma sociedade letrada; que as bibliotecas comunitárias são iniciativa da própria comunidade para suprir suas necessidades de acesso ao livro e à leitura, na medida em que há falta ou ineficiência de bibliotecas públicas e escolares oficiais nas regiões periféricas onde atuam, e que elas constituem uma alternativa na busca da inclusão e da cidadania cultural.
Otras lecturas: entre bibliotecas y museos
Authors: Gutiérrez Sánchez Isabel , Delgado Corral Elena
Published: October 2016

O programa MAD for ID reivindica os museus como promotores do diálogo intercultural. O projecto mais exitoso é o que estabelece a cooperação entre as bibliotecas e os museus, os principais objectivos são: estimular a participação dos utentes, fomentar o diálogo intercultural, e a promoção da leitura. O método a seguir é expor peças de museu nas salas de leitura das bibliotecas para romper o contexto e obrigar ao utente a interpretá-las. Além disso, realizam-se outras atividades como conferências, seminários, concertos e blogs. Os participantes foram: o Museu de América como entidade coordenadora; em Madrid, o próprio Museu de América e a Biblioteca da Universidade Complutense de Madrid (Geografia e Historia e Filologia); em Granada, a Biblioteca da Junta de Andaluzia de Granada e o Museu Arqueológico de Granada; e em Zaragoza, a Biblioteca Pública do Estado de Zaragoza e o Museu Provincial de Zaragoza. Os resultados foram realmente positivos: o publico teve uma grande aceitação do projecto, boa participação nas actividades, e satisfação de todas as instituições participantes. Como conclusões, a necessidade de estabelecer uma cooperação activa entre bibliotecas e museus, a receptividade dos utentes às novas actividades, os benefícios do uso das TIC nos projectos de difusão e a necessidade de melhorar na publicidade das actividades das bibliotecas.
Le Thermalisme en Toscane à la fin du Moyen Âge
Authors: Boisseuil Didier
Published: October 2016

À la fin du Moyen Âge, un véritable thermalisme prit essor en Toscane. De nombreuses sources chaudes et minérales furent captées et utilisées à des fins essentiellement thérapeutiques. Dans les campagnes, des bains - c'est-à-dire des bassins - furent aménagés et plusieurs stations thermales se formèrent pour abriter les curistes comme tous ceux qui se destinaient à les héberger, à les nourrir ou à les soigner lors de leur séjour. En prenant appui essentiellement sur la documentation des archives siennoises et lucquoises, cet ouvrage se propose d'étudier les formes de ce développement thermal : les caractéristiques et l'importance de l'habitat et des activités thermales, l'aspect des infrastructures balnéaires, le rôle des autorités communales (urbaines ou rurales) dans la mise en valeur et l'exploitation des eaux chaudes et des espaces thermaux, l'intérêt, enfin, des populations citadines pour des pratiques médicales et récréatives nouvelles et pour les profits du thermalisme.
L’empire des gènes
Authors: Ruelland Jacques G.
Published: October 2016

Cet ouvrage retrace le parcours sinueux et l’échec de la sociobiologie humaine, cette théorie pseudo-scientifique qui anima les débats entre 1975 et 1985 et s’inscrivit comme idéologie scientiste dans l’ensemble des théories sur la nature humaine. Partant d’une analyse épistémologique des concepts de la sociobiologie humaine et de la sociobiologie animale, l’auteur établit la filiation historique de ceux-ci, des modèles et des idées qui les ont historiquement justifiés et de celles qui les justifient encore actuellement, et montre que cette théorie ne saurait prétendre à une institutionnalisation complète ni à aucune reconnaissance de la part du monde scientifique.
Édith Penrose et la croissance des entreprises
Authors: Arena Lise
Published: October 2016

S’il est courant aujourd’hui de parler de compétences, de connaissances, d’imagination, de flexibilité ou encore de ressources pour comprendre la croissance des « firmes-réseaux » ou des entreprises innovantes, cela le fut beaucoup moins au milieu du XXe siècle lorsque dominait le modèle des grandes firmes managériales et les interrogations sur leur « taille optimale ». Toute l’originalité des travaux d’Edith Penrose tient dans la mobilisation avant-gardiste de ces concepts pour construire une théorie dynamique de la firme et de sa croissance qui dépasse les frontières disciplinaires entre l’économie et la gestion. Comme le montre cet ouvrage, la filiation entre les travaux de Penrose et les débats actuels dans le cadre de la Resource-Based View transparaît tant dans la distinction entre « taille » et « croissance » de la firme, que dans le rôle de la connaissance dans cette croissance aujourd’hui au coeur du champ du management stratégique.

Cet ouvrage contient une traduction inédite d’un article de Penrose, peu connu, publié en 1955 dans l’American Economic Review : « Limits to the Growth and Size of Firms ».
Le Même et l'Ordre
Authors: Sabot Philippe
Published: October 2016

Dans Les mots et les choses (1966), Michel Foucault accorde une place centrale à l’analyse de la disposition archéologique du savoir classique. Le présent ouvrage s’attache à expliciter les principaux enjeux de cette analyse, en montrant qu’elle renvoie au fond à une double interrogation. De quelle pensée du Même l’épistémè de l’âge classique relève-t-elle ? Et comment cette pensée du Même en vient-elle à organiser la mise en ordre des choses dans des savoirs positifs (grammaire générale, histoire naturelle, analyse des richesses) qui s’élaborent eux-mêmes suivant les contraintes épistémologiques fortes d’une nomenclature et d’une taxinomie ?
La première interrogation engage clairement le statut philosophique d’une archéologie du savoir de l’âge classique. La seconde implique en outre, pour l’archéologue, une manière de travailler et de penser à partir de l’archive discursive d’une époque.

Le livre de Philippe Sabot s’efforce ainsi de rendre compte de cette double dimension de l’analyse archéologique de Foucault en attirant l’attention à la fois sur l’effort de systématisation dont relève une telle analyse et sur le traitement particulier qu’elle propose des archives du savoir.
De Darwin à Lamarck
Authors: Kropotkine Pierre
Published: October 2016

Avec L’entraide. Un facteur de l’évolution (1902), le scientifique darwinien et théoricien anarchiste Pierre Kropotkine a essayé d’établir que l’entraide était un facteur de l’évolution autant sinon plus important que la compétition. L’évolution ne pouvait se résumer à la survie des plus aptes dans un cadre malthusien.

Mais s’il existe dans la nature une entraide intra-spécifique, qu’en est-il des rapports inter-spécifiques, et entre les organismes en général et le milieu ?

Dans une série de sept articles pour la revue scientifique The Nineteenth Century and After, publiés entre 1910-1919, Kropotkine a essayé de répondre à ces questions en s’appuyant sur les expériences et théories lamarckiennes disponibles à l’époque. Il en ressort une vision de l’évolution dans laquelle la sélection naturelle ne joue plus qu’un rôle secondaire, et où l’influence du milieu sur la structure, le développement et la conduite collective des organismes vivants s’avère décisive, conformément aux thèses de Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

Publiés avant que les modèles issus de la génétique ne soient incorporés au darwinisme, ces articles incarnent un moment charnière de l’histoire des sciences, celui de la formation fragile d’une synthèse lamarcko-darwinienne. Ils permettent par ailleurs de mieux comprendre, dans la pensée de Kropotkine, comment la nature échappe décidément à tout fonctionnement malthusien et comment l’entraide dans la nature trouve son prolongement dans l’histoire humaine. En ce sens, ces articles jamais traduits jusqu’ici constituent un chaînon manquant entre le chapitre initial de l’entraide sur les animaux et le second chapitre, dédié aux institutions des peuples primitifs.
La "reconnaissance" comme principe de la Théorie critique
Authors: Schmidt am Busch Hans-Christoph
Published: October 2016

La théorie de la reconnaissance constitue aujourd’hui un paradigme essentiel pour les sciences humaines et fait l’objet de multiples métamorphoses et controverses dans la pensée contemporaine, par exemple dans les domaines du droit, de la politique, de l’économie, de la morale, de l’éducation, de l’épistémologie. Le présent ouvrage de Hans-Christoph Schmidt am Busch offre l’exemple d’une réinterprétation active de la théorie envisagée aussi bien en rapport à l’exégèse de la tradition philosophique dont elle procède qu’au renouvellement du débat critique contemporain sur l’état de la société et du capitalisme. Le travail de Schmidt am Busch est représentatif de la façon dont une nouvelle génération de philosophes se confronte à la théorie de la reconnaissance en se rapportant à la fois aux textes fondateurs de Hegel et de Marx comme aux interprétations récentes d’Axel Honneth et Ludwig Siep, qui tous deux ont placé la philosophie hégélienne en général et la question de la reconnaissance en particulier au centre de leur investigation philosophique.
De l’usage de l’architecture domestique dans l’approche des sociétés protohistoriques
Authors: Perello Bérengère
Published: October 2016

La maison est une « métaphore matérielle, sociale et mentale »1 des sociétés ; en ce sens, elle est un outil de choix pour appréhender leur identité et pour comprendre leur fonctionnement. Mon objectif dans ce bref article est d’établir les éléments qui prévalent à la structuration de l’espace domestique des sociétés anatoliennes protohistoriques et de distinguer les facteurs déterminants des éléments subsidiaires.
Tilbeshar, au carrefour d’échanges entre la vallée de l’Euphrate et la côte méditerranéenne à l’âge du Bronze
Authors: Kepinski Christine
Published: October 2016

Avec une superficie maximum de 56 hectares, Tilbeshar est une ville majeure du Sud-Est anatolien à l’âge du Bronze. Elle est au centre d’un petit territoire et appartient au vaste réseau d’échanges, particulièrement actif au troisième puis début du second millénaire, qui relie entre elles différentes régions d’Orient.
Geomorphological Setting and Tectonic Context of the Tigris Valley in the Diyarbakır Region
Authors: Karadoğan Sabri , Yıldırım Ahmet
Published: October 2016

Tigris River has had a significant impact on the historical and human geographical structure in the Middle East and southeastern Turkey as well as on the formation and evolution of landforms. The course and derange shows crustal deformation features and late tectonic activities. Young tectonics and other natural conditions have affected the change of the associated river channels. Tectonic movements have accelerated the impact side and deep etching. Tigris River and its arms in the north, due to this process in accordance with orogenic lines (East-West), have complied with the obvious subsequent depression. This has led to the further south -basically epigenetic- buried straits in some places. Karacadağ volcanism is the main phenomenon affecting the river flow around the city. Near the city of Diyarbakır, the Tigris valley reveals unique geomorphological shapes. In particular, the expansion of the city south of the valley is important for the formation of Hevsel gardens.
Hevsel Bahçelerinin NDVI Değerlerinin Uzaktan Algılama Teknikleri Kullanarak Uzun Dönem İçin İncelenmesi
Authors: Kavak Mehmet Tahir , Karadoğan Sabri , Özdemir Gültekin
Published: October 2016

Kentin güneyinde nehrin en geniş menderesli akışını yaptığı kesimde killi depoların daha kolay ve çabuk aşındırılmasından dolayı vadi oldukça genişlemiş ve Hevsel bahçeleri adı verilen genç alüvyal dolgu malzemeli menderes yeniği taraçalarının oluşumuna neden olmuştur.Kentten deşarj edilen atık suyun ve bazalt akiferden boşalan sularla sulanan bu bahçelerin hem kentli nüfusun uzun yıllar sebze ve meyve ihtiyacının karşılanmasındaki önemi hem de görsel ve rekreatif açıdan bir doğal peyzaj alanı olarak rolü büyüktür.Nitekim söz konusu alan değişik çevrelerce farklı kullanım amaçları doğrultusunda sıkça gündeme gelmekte ve ciddi değişikliklere uğramaktadır.
La maison du Berger de Diyarbakır. Projet de valorisation des pratiques pastorales en Turquie
Authors: Thevenin Michaël
Published: October 2016

This contribution presents the theoretical frame behind the Interpretation Center of Current Anatolian Pastoral Culture and Practices (Shepherd’s House) project in the Hevsel gardens. As a pilot awareness raising project, it is aimed towards promoting pastoralist cultures in Eastern Turkey, drawing on the experience of similar initiatives already operating in France. It benefits from the active support of local actors (Diyarbakır Municipality, Dicle University, local Breeders’ Association, etc.), and the French Association ACoMoNT. The center, which will promote agricultural practices within a dedicated area, will aim to bring together breeders, academician and researchers, tourists, and the public around the pastoral theme. Set in an attractive urban environment, the “Shepherd’s House” ambitions to serve as a relay, providing a toolbox available to local actors as well as promoting pastoralism, rural agriculture and practices.
Description des dégradations de la pierre de l’enceinte fortifiée de la vieille cité de Diyarbakır
Authors: Bromblet Philippe
Published: October 2016

A field campaign was conducted to describe the main degradations features that affect stones and masonries of Diyarbakır rampart. If the degradation morphologies of basalt are manifold, they are in fact limited and do not threaten the integrity of the monument. On the opposite, the dissolution and erosion of the limestone ashlars of the friezes integrated in the facings are responsible for the vanishing of the texts that had been carved. The damages of the masonries are focusing on the very thin facings that detach and collapse, uncovering the mass of rubble-stones of various sizes mixed with mortar which constitutes the heart of these fortifications. Water infiltration, salt crystallizations and cracks due to overloading are the main causes of degradation. Other factors play a role, e.g. the fact that the upper part of the buildings is missing, the huge size of the site which makes difficult its maintenance. Combined with a mapping of the alterations and the analyses of the material properties, this inventory should lead to an accurate diagnosis of the degradations and to the definition of appropriated specifications for the next restoration works.
Bizans’ta Kır Sevgisi: Konstantinopolis’in Asya Kıyısındaki Banliyösü
Authors: Rıccı Alessandra
Published: October 2016

La présentation est divisée en deux parties. La première vise à introduire à l’idée de banlieue de Constantinople telle qu’elle a été perçue par l’historiographie. Dans la deuxième partie, j’examinerai deux sites de la zone asiatique de l’ancienne Constantinople. Il est clair que l’archéologie de la balieue asiatique ne se limite pas aux deux sites en question. Je laisse à d’autres spécialistes le traitement et la discussion des autres fragments d’histoire de ces zones.
Les relations de la Turquie avec la Syrie
Authors: Kaya Uğur , Yankaya Dilek
Published: October 2016

La République arabe syrienne et la République de Turquie partagent une frontière de 911 km, la plus longue pour chacun des deux pays. Cette frontière qui relie et que franchissent des rivières communes les a aussi longtemps sépa­rées : depuis les années 1950 s’y étendaient des champs de mines. Cette frontière a vu passer des peuples, parfois des milices, beaucoup de commerçants entre 2000 et 2011 et enfin, massivement, des réfugiés depuis 2011. Divers sens lui ont été attribués - source de litige dans le cas du sandjak d’Alexandrette et des fleuves Tigre et Euphrate jusqu’en 2004, puis voie de commerce depuis 2000 -, en fonction de la perception réciproque des dirigeants des deux États et de leurs opinions publiques.

Cette étude reprend l’évolution tourmen­tée des relations entre la Turquie et la Syrie depuis les années 1950 jusqu’à la crise syrienne actuelle. Les mémoires divergentes de l’héri­tage ottoman semblent fortement influencer les représentations des deux peuples et de leurs dirigeants. La création d’Israël et des États arabes ainsi que la bipolarité pendant la Guerre Froide ont compliqué l’équation des relations et créé de nouvelles sources de tensions. Ce n’est qu’à partir de 1998 que les change­ments de gouvernement parviennent à trans­former la dominante conflictuelle des relations en une dynamique de rapprochement turco-syrien. Puis le développement économique de la région a conduit à un début d’intégration socio-économique ... jusqu’à ce que la guerre reprenne le dessus depuis la fin 2011.

Cette histoire sera donc retracée sur la base d’une approche chronologique à partir des événements ayant marqué les équilibres géo­politiques régionaux, à savoir la fondation des deux États concernés (1923 pour la Turquie ; 1946 pour la Syrie) et celle d’Israël (1948), l’adhésion de la Turquie à l’OTAN (1952) et la Guerre Froide, le séparatisme kurde (1984-1998)et l’arrestation d’Abdullah Öcalan (février 1999), l’arrivée de Bachar al-Assad (2000) et de l’AKP (2002) au pouvoir, la guerre en Irak (2003) et les révoltes arabes (2011).
Une fiscalité pour la croissance
Authors: Tristram Frédéric
Published: October 2016

La fiscalité française a connu dans les années 1950 et 1960 de profondes transformations. La création de l'impôt sur les sociétés, de la TVA ou de l'avoir fiscal a ainsi dessiné les contours d'un système d'imposition dont l'époque actuelle est encore largement tributaire. Quel rôle la direction générale des Impôts a-t-elle joué dans ce mouvement de réforme ? A-t-elle approuvé son orientation libérale ? Quels furent les voies et les moyens de son influence ? Cet ouvrage ne se contente pas d'étudier la structure, la doctrine ou le personnel dirigeant d'une des plus grandes directions du ministère des Finances. Il inscrit l'action de la DGI au cœur d'un processus de décision complexe, qui associe de nombreux acteurs publics et privés. Il retrace avec minutie l'évolution de la politique fiscale et montre comment l'impôt a progressivement été mis au service de la croissance et s'est adapté aux règles du marché. Chemin faisant, l'auteur apporte des éclairages nouveaux sur les choix de modernisation effectués après la guerre, sur les grands moments de la vie politique de la Quatrième et du début de la Cinquième République, ou encore sur la crise poujadiste. Il pose enfin des questions toujours actuelles, qui tiennent à la place des experts dans une démocratie, aux spécificités du libéralisme français ou aux possibilités d'intervention de l'État. « Il faut savoir gré à Frédéric Tristram d’avoir le premier osé s’attaquer à la fiscalité française au XXe siècle : il a ainsi défriché de nouveaux territoires et montré que cette histoire pouvait être passionnante. » Alain Plessis
Modélisation numérique du tsunami dans les districts de Banda Aceh et Lhok Nga
Authors: Hébert Hélène , Brunstein Daniel , Loevenbruck Anne , Sladen Anthony , Roger Jean , Schindelé François , Lavigne Franck , Vautier Franck
Published: October 2016

The 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean has given the opportunity to gather an unprecedented database of observations, which allows discussing the numerical methods of tsunami modeling. Most of these methods solve the hydrodynamical equations under the “shallow water assumption”, considering that the tsunami wavelengths are much longer than the water depth. Numerical schemes using finite differences are applied, with an initiation equal to the coseismic seafloor deformation, which can be computed thanks to seismological studies. Bathymetric and topographic data acquired in the framework of Tsunarisque have allowed to build a digital bathymetry and topography model describing the devastated area in Banda Aceh and Lhok Nga, and necessary for the modeling.In this study, the seismological source is taken from the inversion of tsunami waveforms recorded by altimetry satellites two hours after the mainshock. Using the corresponding initial seafloor deformation, tsunami waves are modelled in the area of Banda Aceh. On average the modelling results indicate a horizontal penetration reaching 5 to 6 km, and runup heights not exceeding 8 m, except in Lhok Nga where the computed amplitudes reach 14 m. The modelled wave heights fit rather well the observations. However in the area of Lhok Nga, the modelled amplitudes are well below the observed extreme amplitudes. The results underline that this preliminary study also allows to further consider other seismological parameters to describe the source of the 2004 mega-tsunami.
Formes et estimation de l’érosion côtière causée par le tsunami du 26 décembre 2004 à Lhok Nga, ouest de Banda Aceh
Authors: Paris Raphaël , Desgages Émilie , Lavigne Franck , Wassmer Patrick , Vautier Franck
Published: October 2016

Large tsunamis are major geomorphic crises, since they imply extensive erosion, sediment transport and deposition in a few minutes and over hundreds of kilometres of coast. Nevertheless, little is know about their geomorphologic imprints. The December 26, 2004 tsunami in Sumatra (Indonesia) was one of the largest and deadliest tsunamis in recorded human history. We present a description of the coastal erosion and boulder deposition induced by the 2004 tsunami in the Lhok Nga Bay, located to the West of Banda Aceh (northwest Sumatra). The geomorphological impact of the tsunami is evidenced by: beach erosion (some beaches have almost disappeared); destruction of sand barriers protecting the lagoons or at river mouths; numerous erosion escarpments typically in the order of 0.5-1.5 m when capped by soil and more than 2 m in dunes; bank erosion in the river beds (the retreat along the main river is in the order of 5-15 m, with local retreats exceeding 30 m); large scars typically 20-50 cm deep on slopes; dislodgement of blocks along fractures and structural ramps on cliffs. The upper limit of erosion appears as a continuous trimline at 20-30 m a.s.l., locally reaching 50 m. The erosional imprints of the tsunami extend to 500 m from the shoreline and exceed 2 km along riverbeds. The overall coastal retreat from Lampuuk to Leupung was 60 m (550,000 m2) and locally exceeded 150 m. Over 276,000 m3 of coastal sediments were eroded by the tsunami along the 9.2 km of sandy coast. The mean erosion rate of the beaches was ~30 m3/m of coast and locally exceeded 80 m3/m. The most eroded coasts were tangent to the tsunami wave train, which was coming from the southwest. The fringing reefs were not efficient in reducing the erosional impact of the tsunami. One year after, the coastal environment in northwest Sumatra is still in a post-tsunami dynamic. Thus, the difference between the largest tsunamis (height > 30 m) and the moderate tsunamis (height <10 m) could be their long-term impact on coastal environments.
Acihais, Minangkabaus et Simeulues : trois ethnies face à la catastrophe du 26 décembre 2004
Authors: Gaillard Jean-Christophe , Clavé Elsa , Vibert Océane , Azhari  , Dedi  , Denain Jean-Charles , Efendi Yusuf , Grancher Delphine , Sari Desi Sofian R. , Setiawan Ryo
Published: October 2016

The 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami unfairly hit the different ethnic groups of Aceh, Indonesia. 170 000 Acehnese and Minangkabau people died in the Northern tip of Sumatra while only 44 Simeulue people passed away in the neighbouring Simeulue island located near the earthquake epicentre. Such a difference in the death toll does not lie in the nature of the hazard but in different human behaviours and ethnic contexts. The present study draws on a contextual framework of analysis where people’s behaviour in the face of natural hazards is deeply influenced by the cultural, social, economic and political context. Questionnaire-based surveys among affected communities, key informant interviews and literature reviews show that the people of Simeulue detected the tsunami very early and then escaped to the mountains. On the other hand, Acehnese and Minangkabau people, respectively in the cities of Banda Aceh and Meulaboh, did not anticipate the phenomenon and were thus caught by the waves. The different behaviours of the victims have been commanded by their experience of previous phenomena as well as by their capacity to protect themselves in facing the tsunami. People’s behaviours and the capacity to protect oneself can be further tracked down to a deep tangle of intricate factors which include the armed conflict that has been affecting the province since the 1970s, the historical and cultural heritage and the national political economy system. This paper finally argues that the uneven impact of the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh lies in the different daily life conditions of the ethnic groups struck by the disaster.
L’éducation des populations : mesure essentielle pour la réduction du risque de tsunami en Indonésie
Authors: Morin Julie , De Coster Benjamin , Flohic François , Lavigne Franck , Le Floch Damien , Paris Raphaël
Published: October 2016

Many more people should have survived the 26th December 2004 event if they have had a basic knowledge on tsunamis. The Indonesian public, as well as authorities, must be educated to face tsunami risks. NGO Planet Risk used scientific findings obtained during the Tsunarisque program and scientists’ advices for building adapted prevention actions among the Indonesian population. A tsunami education campaign (including photographs and posters exhibitions, distribution of leaflets, documentary broadcasting and the creation of a permanent sensitization centre) was implemented first on the southern Javanese coasts. Through these educative actions, our aim is to encourage the development of tsunami-resilient communities.
Chemins d'outre-mer
Authors: Coulon Damien , Otten-Froux Catherine , Pagès Paule , Valérian Dominique
Published: October 2016

Michel Balard est l'un des historiens qui, loin des évocations nostalgiques, des exclusions communautaires, des oppositions irréductibles, travaille à une histoire totale de l'espace méditerranéen. Dans ses cours, ses conférences, ses travaux personnels comme dans les recherches collectives qu'il a animées, il a placé les croisades, les conflits et les échanges de toute nature, les phénomènes de colonisation et de migration au coeur d'un vaste mouvement d'expansion occidentale qui se déploie à l'époque médiévale sous des formes complexes, et dont l'héritage se fait sentir encore aujourd'hui.

À l'issue d'une longue et fructueuse carrière universitaire, ses élèves, ses collègues, ses amis ont à coeur d'emprunter les Chemins d'outre-mer qu'il leur avait ouverts, chemins multiples reliant les civilisations byzantine, musulmane et occidentale qui se sont partagé, à la fois rivales et unies, l'espace méditerranéen au Moyen Age. Ce double volume, qui rassemble plus d'une soixantaine de contributions, invite le lecteur à suivre sur ces chemins pèlerins et croisés, marchands et voyageurs, et ainsi à mieux comprendre les formes et les enjeux des relations qui se sont développées d'une rive à l'autre de la Méditerranée.
Learning, Adults, and Competency-Based Education
Authors: Cleary Michelle Navarre , Wozniak Kathryn , Marienau Catherine , Wilbur Gretchen , Tolliver Derise E. , Meyer Pamela
Published: October 2016

Because competency-based education (CBE) programs ask students to demonstrate what they know and can do and because CBE students often work at their own pace, competence-based learners need to be able to articulate and to manage their own learning. Drawing upon our research and experience developing, teaching in and consulting to competency-based programs for adults in domestic and international higher education contexts as well as workplace and community settings, the authors demonstrate the necessity and give examples of how to teach CBE students to be competence-based learners.
A crítica dialética à brasileira: aproximações entre Roberto Schwarz e Theodor Adorno
Authors: Crocco Fábio Luiz Tezini , Fogal Alex Alves , Araujo Bárbara Del Rio
Published: October 2016

Este trabalho comparará os trabalhos de Theodor Adorno e Roberto Schwarz, a fim de estabelecer proximidades e diferenciações no modo como apresentam a crítica literária dialética. A intenção é encontrar a mediação entre eles, compreendendo a especificidade do pensamento de Schwarz ao desempenhar a crítica dialética no contexto de um país subdesenvolvido. Serão enfatizadas as noções de forma, dialética e o diálogo entre procedimento estético e a realidade social.
Effect of Boundary Layer Tripping on the Aeroacoustics of Small Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
Authors: Weber Johannes , Riedel Sebastian , Praß Julian , Renz Andreas , Becker Stefan , Franke Jörg
Published: October 2016

Small wind turbines are investigated as a possible solution for using wind energy at small scales in urban and suburban areas. Most turbines are suffering from a low aerodynamic performance due to turbulent and complex wind situations in cities. Therefore, increasing aerodynamic performance and reducing noise is an important factor to design small wind turbines. In order to optimize such turbines with respect to noise and efficiency it is important to understand the physical mechanisms. Measuring acoustic in urban environment it is hardly possible to obtain reproducible results, which are necessary for a comprehensively and profoundly investigation. Therefore, experimental studies have to been performed in anechoic wind tunnels. Those tunnels are mostly limited in size, which makes it quite difficult to investigate full small wind turbine models. Hence a model scale has to be used in order to measure the power and acoustic performance. For comparing the model scale results with original turbines, the same flow conditions around the airfoils are necessary. Due to the smaller size of the model scale the relative velocities of the blades are less, which can result in a laminar boundary layer. In order to force transition from laminar to turbulent, boundary layer trips can be used. The focus of this study is to examine and quantify the effect of boundary layer tripping on the aeroacoustics in case of small vertical axis wind turbines.
Numerical Investigation of a Friction Ventilator for Different Geometrical Setups
Authors: Praß Julian , Renz Andreas , Weber Johannes , Becker Stefan , Franke Jörg
Published: October 2016

Conventional ventilation systems with heat recovery used for building aeration exhibit characteristic disadvantages arising from their operating principle such as noise generation from bladed ventilators or remarkable pressure losses generated by heat exchangers. A novel concept that combines ventilators and heat exchanger in one compact friction ventilator that rotates in two separated ducts producing two opposed airflows and transferring thermal energy from the higher temperature airflow to the lower temperature level can overcome the mentioned shortcomings. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of a friction ventilator to operate as ventilation system with heat recovery computational fluid dynamics were used to analyze the resulting pressure jump and volume flow for different geometrical setups. An extensive grid dependency study for a defined operating point that represents the typical use has been carried out in order to improve the numerical results. Furthermore, the results were compared to experimental data whenever possible.
User Attitude Toward a Novel Smart Heating System
Authors: Kettschau Anna , Michl Markus
Published: October 2016

The paper presents the results of an accompanying socio-scientific research of a one-year field test in a multiple dwelling, in which the energy saving potential of a newly developed smart heating system was examined. To draw conclusions about the user’s acceptance of the smart heating system, the residents of the test object were surveyed in terms of their attitude towards the smart heating system. With regard to user acceptance, we state an ambivalent relationship of the users to the new technology. On the one hand, they are delighted with the system and the increased comfort concerning room temperature. On the other hand, they think that the costs will increase with higher comfort. The analysis shows that adopting a new technology goes along with different, partly competing attitudes.
Modeling blood filtration in hollow fibers dialyzers coupled with patient’s body dynamics
Authors: Ronco Claudio , Garzotto Francesco , Kim Jeong Chul , Fasano Antonio , Borsi Iacopo , Farina Angiolo
Published: October 2016

We develop a mathematical model for cross filtration in a hollow fibers dialyzer, taking into account not only the phenomena occurring within the machine, but also the redistribution of chemicals between intra- and extracellular compartments in the patient’s body. The scheme for the cross flow is derived with reference to a single fiber, starting from the basic laws of fluid dynamics and exploiting the smallness of the ratio between the fiber radius and the fiber length to obtain significant simplifications. We end up with a system of integral and partial di¤erential equations in which the input data are in principle unknown. Indeed, the blood composition is considerably altered while going through the fiber and the body reacts redistributing urea, sodium ions, etc. between intra- and extracellular compartments with its own dynamics, thus updating the various concentrations at the dialyzer inlet. Such a coupling is an essential feature of the model. We present numerical simulations, showing a reasonable agreement with the data for a specific patient taken from the literature.
On a model for the nexus between resource wealth and political regimes
Authors: Tesei Alberto
Published: October 2016

We study in some detail a model proposed in [3], concerning the impact of natural resource rents on leader’s policy. A major result of the analysis is that a reduction in resource rents can give rise to a political transition, from autocracy to democracy. It is also shown that incumbent leaders under the threat of a coup may decide not to make productive investments, if resource rents and probability of success of a coup are high. Both facts are in agreement with well-established empirical observations.
Marine submicron aerosol gradients, sources and sinks
Authors: Ceburnis Darius , Rinaldi Matteo , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Martucci Giovanni , Giulianelli Lara , O'Dowd Colin D.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Aerosol principal sources and sinks over eastern North Atlantic waters were studied through the deployment of an aerosol chemistry gradient sampling system. The chemical gradients of primary and secondary aerosol components – specifically, sea salt (SS), water-insoluble organic matter (WIOM), water-soluble organic matter (WSOM), nitrate, ammonium, oxalate, amines, methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) – were examined in great detail. Sea salt fluxes were estimated by the boundary layer box model and ranged from 0.3 to 3.5 ng m−2 s−1 over the wind speed range of 5–12 m s−1 and compared well with the derived fluxes from existing sea salt source parameterisations. The observed seasonal pattern of sea salt gradients was mainly driven by wind stress in addition to the yet unquantified effect of marine OM modifying fractional contributions of SS and OM in sea spray. WIOM gradients were a complex combination of rising and waning biological activity, especially in the flux footprint area, and wind-driven primary sea spray production supporting the coupling of recently developed sea spray and marine OM parameterisations.
Seasonal and spatial variations in aerosol vertical distribution and
optical properties over China from long-term satellite and groundbased
remote sensing
Authors: Tian Pengfei , Cao Xianjie , Zhang Lei , Sun Naixiu , Sun Lu , Logan Timothy , Shi Jinsen , Wang Yuan , Ji Yuemeng , Lin Yun , Huang Zhongwei , Zhou Tian , Shi Yingying , Zhang Renyi
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The vertical distribution and optical properties of aerosols over China are studied using long-term satellite observations from the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and ground-based lidar observations and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data. The CALIOP products are validated using the ground-based lidar measurements at the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL). The Taklimakan Desert and Tibetan Plateau regions exhibit the highest depolarization and color ratios because of the natural dust origin, whereas the North China Plain, Sichuan Basin and Yangtze River Delta show the lowest depolarization and color ratios because of aerosols from secondary formation of the anthropogenic origin. Certain regions, such as the North China Plain in spring and the Loess Plateau in winter, show intermediate depolarization and color ratios because of mixed dust and anthropogenic aerosols. In the Pearl River Delta region, the depolarization and color ratios are similar to but higher, respectively, than those of the other polluted regions because of combined anthropogenic and marine aerosols. Long-range transport of dust in the middle and upper troposphere in spring is well captured by the CALIOP observations. The seasonal variations in the aerosol vertical distributions reveal efficient transport of aerosols from the atmospheric boundary layer to the free troposphere because of summertime convective mixing. The aerosol extinction lapse rate in autumn and winter are more positive than those in spring and summer, indicating trapped aerosols within the boundary layer because of more stable meteorological conditions. More than 80 % of the column aerosols are distributed within 1.5 km above the ground in winter, when the aerosol extinction lapse rate exhibits a maximum seasonal average in all study regions except for the Tibetan Plateau. The aerosol extinction lapse rates in the polluted regions are higher than those of the less polluted regions, indicating a stabilized atmosphere by absorbing aerosols in the polluted regions. Our results reveal that the satellite and ground-based remote sensing measurements provide the key information on the long-term seasonal and spatial variations in the aerosol vertical distribution and optical properties, regional aerosol types, long-range transport, and atmospheric stability, and these data can be utilized to more precisely assess the direct and indirect aerosol effects on weather and climate.
The On-Orbit Performance of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2
(OCO-2) Instrument and its Radiometrically Calibrated Products
Authors: Crisp David , Pollock Harold R. , Rosenberg Robert , Chapsky Lars , Lee Richard A. M. , Oyafuso Fabiano A. , Frankenberg Christian , O'Dell Christopher W. , Bruegge Carol J. , Doran Gary B. , Eldering Annmarie , Fisher Brendan M. , Fu Dejian , Gunson Michael R. , Mandrake Lukas , Osterman Gregory B. , Schwandner Florian M. , Sun Kang , Taylor Tommy E. , Wennberg Paul O. , Wunch Debra
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) carries and points a three-channel imaging grating spectrometer designed to collect high-resolution, co-boresighted spectra of reflected sunlight within the molecular oxygen (O2) A-band at 0.765 microns and the carbon dioxide (CO2) bands at 1.61 and 2.06 microns. These measurements are calibrated and then combined into soundings that are analyzed to retrieve spatially resolved estimates of the column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction, XCO2. Variations of XCO2 in space and time are then analyzed in the context of the atmospheric transport to quantify surface sources and sinks of CO2. This is particularly challenging remote sensing observations because the all but the largest emission sources and natural absorbers produce only small (
Estimation of background gas concentration from differential absorption lidar measurements
Authors: Harris Peter , Smith Nadia , Livina Valerie , Gardiner Tom , Robinson Rod , Innocenti Fabrizio
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Approaches are considered to estimate the background concentration level of a target species in the atmosphere from an analysis of the measured data provided by the National Physical Laboratory's differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system. The estimation of the background concentration level is necessary for an accurate quantification of the concentration level of the target species within a plume, which is the quantity of interest. The focus of the paper is on methodologies for estimating the background concentration level and, in particular, contrasting the assumptions about the functional and statistical models that underpin those methodologies. An approach is described to characterise the noise in the recorded signals, which is necessary for a reliable estimate of the background concentration level. Results for measured data provided by a field measurement are presented, and ideas for future work are discussed.
Seasonal and diurnal variation in CO fluxes from an agricultural bioenergy
crop
Authors: Pihlatie Mari , Rannik Üllar , Haapanala Sami , Peltola Olli , Shurpali Narasinha , Martikainen Pertti J. , Lind Saara , Hyvönen Niina , Virkajärvi Perttu , Zahniser Mark , Mammarella Ivan
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important reactive trace gas in the atmosphere, while its sources and sinks in the biosphere are poorly understood. Soils are generally considered as a sink of CO due to microbial oxidation processes, while emissions of CO have been reported from a wide range of soil–plant systems. We measured CO fluxes using the micrometeorological eddy covariance method from a bioenergy crop (reed canary grass) in eastern Finland from April to November 2011. Continuous flux measurements allowed us to assess the seasonal and diurnal variability and to compare the CO fluxes to simultaneously measured net ecosystem exchange of CO2, N2O and heat fluxes as well as to relevant meteorological, soil and plant variables in order to investigate factors driving the CO exchange.The reed canary grass (RCG) crop was a net source of CO from mid-April to mid-June and a net sink throughout the rest of the measurement period from mid-June to November 2011, excluding a measurement break in July. CO fluxes had a distinct diurnal pattern with a net CO uptake in the night and a net CO emission during the daytime with a maximum emission at noon. This pattern was most pronounced in spring and early summer. During this period the most significant relationships were found between CO fluxes and global radiation, net radiation, sensible heat flux, soil heat flux, relative humidity, N2O flux and net ecosystem exchange. The strong positive correlation between CO fluxes and radiation suggests abiotic CO production processes, whereas the relationship between CO fluxes and net ecosystem exchange of CO2, and night-time CO fluxes and N2O emissions indicate biotic CO formation and microbial CO uptake respectively. The study shows a clear need for detailed process studies accompanied by continuous flux measurements of CO exchange to improve the understanding of the processes associated with CO exchange.