bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labor Market in the Post-Covid Period: Challenges and Opportunities for Management
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gnevasheva Vera A.
Published: December 2021

The conditions of the pandemic have left an imprint on the development of many socioeconomic processes, including the process of reproduction of labor resources. The consequences of the pandemic on the labor market have yet to be assessed, but today it is already possible to draw interim conclusions regarding emerging trends, transformation or strengthening of old ones. In this regard, it is important to assess in advance the structural changes of the labor market in order to timely manage the processes of formation and distribution of the labor force. Processes in the labor market, in turn, are a consequence of changes in demographic factors and, in turn, are an impetus for the development of economies and society as a whole, which emphasizes the importance of studying the current situation in the labor market, assessing it and forming predictive development scenarios.
Childfree in the Reproductive Strategies of Saratov Youth
Authors:   Chernyshevsky Saratov National Research State University, Ivchenkov Sergey G. , Shakhmatova Nadezhda V. ,   Chernyshevsky Saratov National Research State University
Published: December 2021

The intensification of the process of depopulation of the population in Russia, the demographic crisis, exacerbated by the pandemic, actualize the importance of the sociological analysis of reproductive behavior “childfree”, especially considering this from the point of view of the prospects of social and family policy of the state. Childfree is interpreted as a voluntary refusal of individuals, married couples from childbearing. According to the results of an empirical study by the method of questioning Saratov youth (the volume of the quota sample was 486 respondents), it is shown that the modern transformation of reproductive relations and parenthood in modern society has led to the fact that voluntary childlessness is not considered as a social deviation and does not act as a basis for conflict in society. The sexual, gender characteristics of young childfree adherents are analyzed. Objective factors (high level of education, median income, nonreligiosity) that contribute to the development of this strategy are revealed. For them, cohabitation and celibacy act as the most comfortable ways of organizing everyday life, although they do not deny the traditional form of marriage. In a pregnancy situation, they are prone to abortion. Children in the representations of childfree supporters are associated primarily with difficulty, fear, loss of freedom, forced denial of material comfort, risk, suffering. Hostility to the children was not revealed. Most of all, they are frightened by great responsibility (91.9%), which demonstrates not so much selfishness as fears of being untenable in this regard
Digitalization in the Everyday and Socio-Political Life of Russian Citizens
Authors:   Center of Social and Socio-Political Research, Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Levashov Victor K. , Grebnyak Oksana V. ,   Center of Social and Socio-Political Research, Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The low online activity of the majority of Russians during online discussions on socially significant issues and on the e-voting eve is reflected in the results of the 51st stage of the all-Russian sociological monitoring conducted by ISPR FCTAS RAS. The progressively increasing level of digitalization of society is shifting to the sphere of financial and entertainment sector, the demand for network communication opportunities remains traditionally high. But the activity of civil society is “digitalizing” weakly and unevenly. The audience of active Internet users who openly express their civic position in discussions and debates remains low. This category of respondents is prone to oppositional sentiments. While openly expressing distrust of the existing institutions of power and social structures, they remain critical without falling into radicalism.
Peculiarities of BRCA1/2 testing in patients with advanced HER2-negative breast cancer in the Russian Federation (results of a survey of Russian oncologists)
Authors: Frolova M. A. , Stenina M. B.
Published: December 2021

Hereditary BRCA1 / 2 mutations affect the strategy of surgical treatment in early cancer and systemic treatment in advanced HER2-negative breast cancer. The article presents the results of a survey of Russian oncologists on various aspects of genetic testing for hereditary BRCA1 / 2 mutations in real-world clinical practice. Indications for testing, testing methods, and funding sources were discussed.
Brachytherapy for retinoblastoma: a 13 year experience
Authors: Yarovoy A.  A. , Yarovaya V.  A. , Kotova E.  S. , Ushakova T.  L. , Golanov A.  V. , Chochaeva A.  M. , Volodin D.  P. , Polyakov V.  G.
Published: December 2021

Brachytherapy (BT) is a method of radiation therapy with radioactive source contacting the tumor. It was proposed by P. Moore and H. Stallard in 1929. Despite those 50 years of experience with the use of BT in ophthalmic oncology, there are only a few studies on the use of Ru-106 BT for retinoblastoma (RB), and no publications on the use of Sr-90 BT have been found.

Purpose. To present our own experience with the use of ruthenium and strontium ophthalmic applicators for BT in retinoblastoma.

Materials and methods. 120 patients (137 eyes and 194 RB foci) received BT as a local treatment in the period from 2007 to 2020. At the time of treatment the age of the patients varied from 4 to 109 months (mean age 26 months). In 32% of cases (44 eyes) there were monofocal lesions, and in 68% of cases (93 eyes) — multifocal. In 36 cases (30%) BT was performed in the single eye. 79 patients (87 eyes) were treated with the use of ruthenium ophthalmic applicators (OAs), 25 patients (26 eyes) — with the use of strontium OAs, and for the treatment of 16 patients (24 eyes) both ruthenium and strontium OAs were used.

Results. Clinically complete tumor regression was achieved in 62 % of cases (120 foci), partial tumor regression — in 31% of cases (60 foci). In 6% of cases (12 foci) continuous tumor growth was observed, and tumor recurrence occurred in 1% of cases (2 foci) within 4 to 6 months after BT. Local tumor control was achieved in 93% of cases.

The single eyes were preserved in 92% of cases. BT complications of different intensity were reported in 38% of cases (46 patients — 49 eyes) with the mean follow-up duration of 55 months (3 to 157 months). In 92 % of cases (42 patients — 45 eyes) complications were associated with the use of ruthenium OAs, and only in 8% of cases (4 patients — 4 eyes) — with the use of strontium OAs. Risk factors for radiation-induced complications were identified: focus size (height more than 2.5 mm [P =0.0005], extension more than 7.3 mm [P <0,0001]), sclera dose more than 626 Gr (P = 0,0002), and the central localization of the tumor (P <0.0001).

Conclusions. Ruthenium-106 and strontium-90 brachytherapy is a highly effective treatment modality for the management of RB.
Analysis of Overcurrent Safety in Miniature Circuit Breaker with Alternating Current
Authors: Jamaaluddin Jamaaluddin , Anshory Izza , Ayuni Shazana Dhiya
Published: December 2021

In the utilization of solar energy, the equipment used includes Photovoltaic Cells, solar charging controls, batteries, protection devices, and other measuring devices. This solar power generation system is the name of a system that can convert solar energy into electric power. This solar power plant used in buildings is referred to as the Solar Building System (SBS). To perfect this solar power generation system, it is necessary to manage the electric power protection system. The protection system in this solar power plant includes the use of Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB). This Miniature Circuit Breaker is a tool for overcurrent protection in alternating current systems and direct current systems. In order to obtain a good protection system for this solar power plant, a study was conducted on the use of a miniature circuit breaker that is effective for a certain type of current. The research method used is the use of alternating current and direct current miniature circuit breakers in alternating current circuits. Observations and recordings were carried out, so that the obtained results were quite significantly different in their use. From the results of the study, it was found that the Miniature alternating current circuit breaker has better characteristics in alternating current circuits, when compared to direct current miniature circuit breakers.
Knowledge and self-management practices among type II diabetes patients: a study in Gatundu town in Kiambu, Kenya
Authors: Kyalo Caroline K. , Nyamongo Daniel S. , Ngugi Benjamin M.
Published: December 2021

Background: Type-2 diabetes mellitus is recognized as a key non-communicable disease affecting over 425 million world-wide, with only half of them currently diagnosed. The most crucial risk factor for mortality associated with type-2 diabetes is poor adherence to the prescribed medication.Methods: A cohort study design was used to study 98 type 2 diabetes patients in Kiambu County. Consecutive sampling method was used. The collection of data utilized a pre-designed and piloted structured questionnaire. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26.0 and correlation between the total count of the remaining diabetic medication and the blood sugar after one month follow-up was assessed. Univariate logistic regression was conducted in assessing the association between each of the predictor variables and the two main outcome variables (adherence to medication and glycemic control). A multiple logistic regression model was constructed for each of the two outcome variables.Results: 31 (31.6%) of the study subjects were between 60-69 years, 70 (71.4%) were married and 66 (67.3%) were female. In addition, 37 (37.8%) had diabetes for more than 8 years, 70.6% had hypertension and 83.7% were prescribed oral hypoglycaemic agents as initial treatment. Majority of the respondents constituting 80.7% had high adherence to prescribed diabetes medication regimen, knowledge on diabetes treatment (p=0.009) and detecting low blood sugar levels through signs and symptoms and manage (p=0.001) had significantly association with adherence to antidiabetic.Conclusions: Diabetic patients who have knowledge on diabetes and its management, those who stop alcohol and cigarette smoking and those who understand hypertension are more likely to adhere to diabetic treatment.
Utilization of free maternity services among mothers aged 18-49 years in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: Najoli Priscilla J. , Kirui Joyce , Wanjau Grace , Otieno George , Yoos Alison , Biketi George
Published: December 2021

Background: In Kenya, the hope of free maternity services (FMS) is to increase the demand for maternity health care services offered by certified health professionals. Thus, this study aimed to determine and understand the utilization level of FMS among mothers aged 18-49 years living in Naivasha Sub-County, Kenya.Methods: A mixed-methods approach collected quantitative and qualitative data through structured questionnaires, health records reviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed by use of Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 20 and content analysis, respectively. The quantitative data results were further subjected to multiple regression analysis.Results: The findings showed that over 80% utilized antenatal care, facility deliveries and postnatal care, but 68% of respondents used family planning. The mothers were found active in their first, second and third pregnancies in utilizing FMS, followed by a sudden decline. The mothers preferred the public health facilities to the private, mission and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). The significant findings influencing the utilization of FMS among the mothers were age (p=0.004), the number of children (p=0.000), age at first birth (p=0.025), household income (p=0.008) and residential area (p=000). The mothers' level of knowledge on FMS had an average score of 80%, obtained by use of the Linkert scale. The radio, television, health facility and community sources were significant with (p=0.000).Conclusions: The decision-makers consider age, the number of children, age at first birth, household income and residential area in the formulation of FMS policies. Further, utilize relevant sources of information on FMS in the community.
Epidemiology and factors of tuberculosis treatment outcome, Bangladesh, 2012-13
Authors: Sultana Rabeya , Rahman Mojibur , Rahman Mahmudur
Published: December 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcome is an important indicator to improve TB control efforts. We assessed factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes among smear-positive pulmonary TB patients reported to the national TB program from January 2012 to December 2013 in Bangladesh. Favorable outcomes were cured and treatment completed with unfavorable outcomes as failed, defaulted, died and lost to follow-up. We retrieved 98,932 patients with outcome data; 65,458 (66%) were male and 7,956 (8%) had unfavorable outcomes (3,737 (47%) died, 1,641 (21%) defaulted, and 1,599 (20%) lost to follow-up). In multivariable analysis, male gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-1.49) and treatment at a chest disease hospital (CDH) (aOR 1.44; 95% CI 1.25-1.66) were risk factors. The association between male gender and unfavorable outcomes may result from the high smoking rates among males in Bangladesh. The association of treatment at a CDH with unfavorable outcomes may occur because complicated cases (e.g., TB with co-infections) are usually treated in a chest hospital in Bangladesh. A case-control study could further confirm and explain these findings.
Molecular detection and genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis circulating in women of Western Cameroon: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gomseu Boris E. D. , Dadwal Rajneesh , Tamokou Jean-De-D. , Yadav Rakesh , Marbou Wiliane J. T. , Kuiate Jules R. , Sethi Sunil
Published: December 2021

Background: In Cameroon, C. trachomatis screening is not routinely practiced, and its epidemiology is still unexplored. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection, its risk factors and the genotypes circulating in the West Cameroon region.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst patients in five district hospitals in the West region of Cameroon. Endocervical samples were collected from women visiting the hospitals forantenatal, prenuptial and contraception consultations and at least 18 years old, sexually active, and non-menstruating. The molecular detection of C. trachomatis was performed using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing of the ompA gene.Results: The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was determined to be 11.47%. Having sex for the first time between the ages of 15 and 17 (OR=1.683, 95% CI: 1.1-2.5), non-usage of condom (OR=1.622, 95% CI: 1.2-2.1), being single (OR=1.263, 95% CI: 1.0-1.5) and age range 18-30 years (OR=1.426, 95% CI: 1.1-1.8) were risk factors for C. trachomatis infection. Three genotypes of C. trachomatis circulated in West Cameroon viz. D (49%), E (29.4%) and G (21.6%).Conclusions: This study revealed that, three genotypes; D (dominant), E and G were identified circulating in the population of the study area. This information may be important for controlling the dissemination of C. trachomatis infection in West Cameroon as well as strategizing the therapeutic approach.
Assessment of knowledge about adverse events following immunization among health care workers of Raipur city
Authors: Verma Smita , Verma Nirmal , Shrivastav Neha , Shinkar Swapnil V. , Sahu Ashish , Sahu Bhupendra Kumar , Dewangan Ankit , Saha Ankita , Sahu Nitish
Published: December 2021

Background: Vaccines used in national immunization programme are extremely safe and effective. Although, no vaccine is 100% safe and effective and adverse effects occurs. Process of immunization itself is potential source of adverse reactions. Knowledge and reporting of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) is very important for health care workers. Objective of this study is to assess knowledge about AEFI among health care workers.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among health care workers of primary health care centres of Raipur City. All the ANM, Staff Nurse and MPWs posted in all the primary health centers of Raipur city (C.G.)   were selected for the study. A pre designed pretested questionnaire was administered after taking verbal consent.  Data was collected, compiled and analyzed in MS excel.Results: A total 157 health care workers participated in study. Mean age of the participants was 36.4±8.8. More than 80% participants knew vaccine product and vaccine quality defect-related reaction as possible causes of AEFI. 87.3% knew about swelling as commonest AFEI. The 59.9% had knowledge about management of common AEFI. 99.3% Health care workers knew anaphylaxis as one of severe AEFI and 91.08% were aware that AEFI should be reported.Conclusions: Majority of study participants had knowledge about possible causes of AEFI, minor and serious AEFI.
A comparative study on the health status of caregivers between intensive and non-intensive care unit patients in a tertiary care hospital of urban Bengaluru
Authors: Ramesh Masthi N. R. , S Laveena , Sharmila M. , Kumari Nitu , A. Aparna , G. Divya Bharathi
Published: December 2021

Background: Caregivers providing care to hospitalized family members are potentially at risk for declining physical and psychological health. To assess and compare physical and psychological burden of caregivers of Intensive care unit and non-Intensive care unit (non-ICU) patients.Methods: A descriptive, hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 256 caregivers (127 Intensive care unit and 129 non-ICU patients) in a tertiary care hospital in urban Bengaluru for 6 months (July-December, 2019). A modified Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and Perceived stress scale was used to assess the anxiety and stress burden among the caregivers, respectively.Results: Out of 256 caregivers, 196 (76.56%) experienced some form of physical burden, 112 (57.14%) belonged to ICU group and 84 (42.86%) non-ICU group (Z=2, p=0.045). Anxiety problem was observed in 54.29% caregivers, and was found statistically significant in caregivers of ICU (62.59%) patients than non-ICU (37.41%) patients (Z=2.969, p=0.002). Similarly, the burden of stress was observed in 203 (79.29%) caregivers, predominantly in ICU group (54.19%) compared to non-ICU (45.81%) group.Conclusions: Three-fourth of the caregivers had one or the other physical symptoms and nearly half of them had stress and anxiety irrespective of ICU or non-ICU admission. The financial burden was more among the ICU caregivers and the longer duration of stay had affected the health of the caregivers.
Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding dengue fever and its preventive measures among adult population in selected urban slums
Authors: Singh Rupali , Kumar Rohitash , Masood Jamal
Published: December 2021

Background: Dengue fever is the most critical mosquito-borne disease in the world caused by one of any of four serotypes of dengue virus. There has been a 30-fold increase in global incidence over the past fifty years. Epidemics of dengue result in human suffering, strained health services and massive economic losses.Methods: Quasi experimental one group pre-test-post-test research design was adopted to conduct the study among forty adults aged between twenty to 40 years residing in Janta Nagri, Urban slum, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, who matched the inclusion criteria were selected through non-probability purposive sampling technique. On day one pre-test followed by planned teaching programme was conducted and after seventh day post-test was taken. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The results revealed that the mean post-test knowledge score was higher than mean pre-test knowledge score with standard deviation 20.15±4.02 and 7.67±3.11 respectively. The improvement of knowledge score is the mean difference of 12.5 which shows that there was a significant change in knowledge level of adult population.Conclusions: The study concluded that the planned teaching programme was effective in improving the level of knowledge regarding dengue fever and its preventive measures.
Musculoskeletal complications of diabetes post COVID-19
Authors: Kumar A. K. Vijay Krishna , Ganesan Ashwini , Raju Suruthi
Published: December 2021

Background: COVID-19 is an emerging disease caused by the severe respiratory syndrome. This affects the respiratory system but directly or indirectly affects the multiple organ system, including the musculoskeletal system. The patients with diabetes who get COVID are at risk of a severe disease course and mortality.Methods: The study design is Observational study. The study will be conducted on 30patients who have recovered from covid-19 with diabetes mellitus. The samples of the study are selected randomly. The data will be collected in a non-homogenous way, especially regarding lifestyle habits, and severity of the illness. Myalgia was calculated by numerical rating scale, Arthralgia was calculated by visual analog scale, and fatigue was calculated by Chalder fatigue scale to assess the severity of fatigue.Results: The severity of the complication was decreased in patients with second month COVID-19 recovery than in the first month.Conclusions: Background: COVID-19 is an emerging disease caused by the severe respiratory syndrome. This affects the respiratory system but directly or indirectly affects the multiple organ system, including the musculoskeletal system. The patients with diabetes who get COVID are at risk of a severe disease course and mortality.Methods: The study design is Observational study. The study will be conducted on 30patients who have recovered from covid-19 with diabetes mellitus. The samples of the study are selected randomly. The data will be collected in a non-homogenous way, especially regarding lifestyle habits, and severity of the illness. Myalgia was calculated by numerical rating scale, Arthralgia was calculated by visual analog scale, and fatigue was calculated by Chalder fatigue scale to assess the severity of fatigue.Results: The severity of the complication was decreased in patients with second month COVID-19 recovery than in the first month.Conclusions: This study concluded that there is decrease in the severity of musculoskeletal complications in diabetic patients from 1st month to 2nd month COVID-19 recoveries.
Telenursing-an emerging concept in reducing COVID-19 hospital occupancy
Authors: Das Hrushikesh , Panigrahi Sasmita , Swain Dharitri
Published: December 2021

Tele-information and communication have led a global revolution in solving the scarcity of health care workers. In the vision of health for all, different global leaders have initiated many public health reforms to address the health care needs of citizens, like e-Sanjeevani in India. COVID-19 created an acute shortage of nurses, as well as the rising cost of care and hospital occupancy which are major hurdles to address basic health needs. Telenursing is a novel field that utilizes innovative technologies to offer safe, effective, and ethical care promptly by providing. Telenursing may provide a means to overcome some of the challenges faced by patients by providing easier access to cost-effective care and equitable distribution of health care providers. Globally, telenursing is an emerging and rapidly expanding area for professionals and offers unlimited opportunities for its members.
Epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis of tendinopathy among athletes
Authors: Hasan Syed Asif , Othman Ahmed Abdulrahman , Shagdar Yousuf Kamal , Khan Abdulrahman Anis , Sulaimani Amal Baalqasim , Alsinan Hassan Ali , Almenhali Ahmed Abdullah , Al Luhayb Wael Abdulrahman , Alrashidi Ahmed Abdulrahman , Alghareeb Muath Abdulaziz , Aldakheel Raad Saad
Published: December 2021

The treatment of tendinopathy can be challenging for clinicians and might be associated with serious adverse events. However, evidence shows that tendinopathy can significantly impact the professional careers of the affected athletes. The main clinical features of the condition include decreased performance and strength of the affected tendons, swelling, and localized pain.  Although tendinopathy might seem a non-critical condition, estimates show that it might be career-ending for many professional athletes, and therefore, reducing their quality of life. In the present literature review, we have discussed the epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis of tendinopathy among athletes. Different intrinsic and extrinsic factors were found to contribute to the development of the condition and the impact of various systemic diseases. Evidence also shows that the prevalence of the condition is high among athletes. However, these rates were variable across the different studies in the literature. This is probably owing to various factors, like demographics and the process of detection. The pathogenesis of the condition is also very complicated, and the development of pain has been attributed to the process of angiogenesis and associated ingrowth of nerve fibers.
Urinary tract infection in children: preventing the havoc in India
Authors: Sharma Snigdha
Published: December 2021

Urinary tract infection (UTI) remains one of the most common causes of febrile illness in paediatric practice ranking next to gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections as the third most common bacterial infection in children in the developing countries. According to World Health Organization (WHO) in developed countries, UTI is diagnosed in 1% of boys and 3-8% of girls. In the first year of life, UTI is more prevalent in boys with rates of 2.7% compared with 0.7% in girls. Most infection in boys occur in the first 3 months of life but by school age, the rate has decreased in boys and increased in girls. Several studies have been conducted to determine UTI prevalence in developing countries and have shown a higher UTI prevalence of 8-35% in malnourished children with the risk of bacteriuria increasing significantly with the severity of malnutrition.
A case report of sub-gingival cervical crown fracture reattachment using fiber post- A 22 months follow up
Authors: Sharma Samiksha , Waran Akshat
Published: December 2021

A 15‐year‐old male presented to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics immediately after a facial injury having complain of persistent pain in the teeth and the front upper lips. Upon examination it was revealed trauma of the upper incisors, also injury to the marginal gingiva of the front teeth. Further inspections showed slight laceration of the oral mucosa in the lower labial sulcus. Radiographic examination revealed fracture of crown of maxillary central incisor. The treatment plan which was decided comprised of complete removal of fractured crown followed by root canal therapy and immediate post placement and reattachment of the crown.
Immune mediated Lesions of the oral cavity: A scrupulously researched review
Authors: Gupta Sunita , Khera Shriya
Published: December 2021

Oral mucosa may be the first site to manifest protean signs and symptoms in immune mediated diseases. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to have a thorough and vast knowledge about various diseases. It is the role of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostician to diagnose the lesions according to their salient features.

In this review article, we aim to describe the immune mediated oral lesions, their clinical features, investigations and management.
Comparative evaluation of radiographic density of different endodontic material
Authors: Patel Vikaskumar N , Penugonda Bapanaiah , Patel Anuja
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the densities of four different brands of root canal sealers using three different intraoral imaging receptors. Four different root canal sealers used were – AH Plus (Dentsply Germany, Resin based), Epiphany (Pentron USA, Resin based), U/P (Sultan Healthcare, Zinc oxide eugenol based) and Apexit (Ivoclar / Vivadent, Calcium hydroxide based). The sealers were mixed according to manufacturer instructions and six specimens of each material were fabricated. All the specimens were imaged using three different intraoral #2 sized imaging receptors-D and E speed film and storage phosphor plates. D and E speed films were digitized and stored in JPEG format. All the images were exported into the Image J software (rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/) and the mean grey values and integrated density of each material was calculated from four random areas of each image and averaged. Mixed model ANOVA was performed. Pair wise comparison of mean grey values between the three imaging receptors and integral densities recorded by the receptors showed high statistical significance for all the four different root canal sealers. Results showed that the four different types of root canal sealers showed different optical densities on all the three receptors.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the optical densities of four different brands of root canal sealers using three different intraoral imaging receptors.
The Forerunners of Libertarian Pedagogy (18. and 19. Centuries): A Gallery of Forgotten Portraits of Women
Authors: Rakhmaninova Maria
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the historical and philosophical foundations of libertarian pedagogy as a project of non-hierarchical organization of educational, cognitive and learning processes. It focuses on pedagogical concepts that have had a decisive influence on the modern face of libertarian pedagogy, but are poorly represented in the mainstream pedagogical discourse and are not known in Russia at all. Since women are an absolute majority among the authors who have been displaced from the official pedagogical discourse, the article aims to identify their forgotten figures and to redefine the significance of their contribution both to a particular pedagogical tradition and to pedagogy as a whole. In the light of this fact we make an attempt of primary reception in Russian-speaking academic space of philosophical-pedagogical ideas of Enlighteners of 18th- 19th centuries that influenced modern libertarian-pedagogical discourse. This revision attempts to identify, compare, and evaluate from a modern perspective the main trends of their quests. The study is based both on the texts of key primary sources and a number of monographs and articles on the philosophy and history of education.
The symbolic role of Nagorno-Karabakh for the Armenian and Azerbaijani nationalism in the post-Soviet period
Authors: Losich Zhanna
Published: December 2021

The article examines the symbolic meaning of Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) in the context of Armenian and Azerbaijani nationalism in the post-Soviet period. The author sets himself the task of identifying the key discursive elements constructed in the myths about Karabakh in the studied “nationalizing” states. The formation of Azerbaijani and Armenian identities, despite the common Soviet past, is conditioned by different internal and external conditions. Nevertheless, the mythical role of the Karabakh region has become an equally mobilizing core for the strengthening of Armenian and Azerbaijani nationalism. The author sees the conceptual components of the symbolic narrative about Artsakh for Armenian nationalism in such principles as the historical heritage, the image of the victim and the struggle for historical justice. For Azerbaijani nationalism, the author defines the place and role of Nagorno-Karabakh in the symbolism of territorial and state integrity.
Live experience philosophy. The theory of knowledge of A.A. Bogdanov
Authors: Loktionov Mikhail
Published: December 2021

Considering the philosophical heritage of Alexander Bogdanov, the author focuses on the aspect of the theory of knowledge, which passes through all the work of the famous philosopher and revolutionary. Doubts about the possibility of an exhaustive knowledge of the surrounding reality are also visible in Bogdanov’s earliest works. An attempt to build a new approach to human knowledge, having rinked him with activity experience, was undertaken by him in his main philosophical work, “Empiriomonism”. Standing on the positions of positivism as a “scientific” philosophy, Bogdanov tried to substantiate the dynamics of the public process, while remaining at the Marxist platform. The further development of his ideas led to the creation of a “universal organizational science” – tectology, which, in his opinion, has already passed beyond philosophy and was not only science, but also methodology of knowledge, as well as the style of scientific thinking, to which science, initially not realizing this, always sought. Thus, studying the legacy of Bogdanov, we see the development of views on the ideas of knowledge in the Russian philosophy of the beginning of the XXth century.
Two different anniversaries: comprehending three decades of the Velvet revolutions and of the collapse of the USSR
Authors: Letnyakov Denis
Published: December 2021

The article is a review of two multi-author books, each of which is a result of an international academic project. The first one is a collected volume dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Velvet revolutions in Central and Eastern Europe (The Long 1989. Decades of Global Revolution. Ed. by P.H. Kosicki and K. Kunakhovich. Budapest-NY: CEU Press, 2019. 284 pp.). The second book, dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the collapse of the Soviet Union, was published under the auspices of the European Dialogue Expert Group (Dismantling of Communism. Thirty years later / Edited by K. Rogov. Moskow: NLO Publ., 2021. 448 pp.). The key point of the article is that post-Soviet countries remain largely ‘terra incognita’ for the academy. Whereas vector of development of Eastern European countries does not raise doubts among the researchers – it is a case of integration into the West (albeit not a problem-free), the academic consensus regarding the post-Soviet states is only that previous concepts and approaches are out of work. Search for a new conceptual language is at play.
Hate Speech in the Arab Electronic Press and Social Networks
Authors: Awane Widad , Ben Lahmar El Habib , El Falaki Ayoub
Published: December 2021

Nowadays we are witnessing an open world, characterized by globalization which is accompanied by a technology through which information circulates without borders, especially with the widespread use of social networking sites being the most common communication tool, that gives access through various applications to a large space for the presentation of multiple ideas, including extremist ideas, and the spread of hate speech. This paper introduces a system of detection of hate speech in the texts of Arabic read media and social media, which is based on a combined use of NLP, and machine learning methods. The training of the detection model is done on a large Dataset of articles, tweets and comments, collected, balanced and tokenized afterwards using BERT in Arabic. The trained model detects hate speech in Arabic and various Arabic based dialects, by classifying the texts into two classes: Neutral and Abusive. The above-mentioned model is evaluated using precision metrics, recall and f1 score, it has reached an accuracy of 83%.
Automatic Short Answer Grading System in Indonesian Language Using BERT Machine Learning
Authors: Wijaya Marvin Chandra
Published: December 2021

A system capable of automatically grading short answers is a very useful tool. The system can be created using machine learning algorithms. In this study, a machine system using BERT is proposed. BERT is an open-source system that is set to English by default. The use of languages other than English Language is a challenge to be implemented in BERT. This study proposes a novel system to implement Indonesian Language in the BERT system for automatic grading of short answers. The experimental results were measured using two measuring instruments: Cohen's Kappa coefficient and the Confusion Matrix. The result of measuring the BERT output of the implemented system has a Cohen Kappa coefficient of 0.75, a precision of 0.94, a recall of 0.96, a Specificity of 0.76 and an F1 Score of 0.95. Based on the measurement results, it can be seen that the implementation of the automatic short answer grading system in Indonesian Language using BERT machine learning has been successful.
Фінансовий консалтинг з управління персональними фінансами клієнтів як чинник збільшення проднавантаження у клієнтів банку
Authors: Колєснікова Лариса
Published: December 2021

У статті проведено дослідження сутності поняття «фінансовий консалтинг». Запропонована методологія використання фінансового консалтингу з метою збільшення клієнтського попиту та досвіду при користуванні комплексом банківських та фінансових продуктів і сервісів, збільшення продуктового навантаження на клієнта та підвищення технологічного рівня використання дистанційних форматів обслуговування на основі впровадження функціоналу фінансового консалтингу від банківського співробітника.

У статті розглянуто та досліджено практичні аспекти застосування фінансового консалтингу при управлінні персональними фінансами клієнтів банку для формування комплексної продуктово-сервісної пропозиції.
Сутність та аналіз змісту ключових заборон в ісламській економічній доктрині
Authors: Юркевич Оксана
Published: December 2021

В основі ісламської економічної доктрини лежать релігійні заборони, які власне і визначають специфіку форм ісламських фінансових відносин та інструменти їх реалізації. Доктринальними заборонами є ріба, гарар, мейсір, харам. Згідно вимог ісламської юриспруденції можна змоделювати три типи економічних транзакцій, у двох з яких, згідно ісламської економічної доктрини, виникає ріба. Гарар є другим важливим елементом в системі заборон, які визначають специфіку ісламської економічної доктрини. Для визначення наявності в тій чи іншій угоді гарар, має бути не просто невизначеність, а невідомість. Майсір повністю відкидається ісламом, під яким розуміють дохід, якій є не результатом вкладання капіталу або праці, а що утворився в наслідок якоїсь випадковості. Категорія харам оперує двома поняттями – позитивне («дозволене», халяль) та негативне («заборонене», харам). Ісламська економічна доктрина, як феномен, визначає принципи, методи, форми та інструменти ведення економічної діяльності у відповідності до релігійної етики, а ісламські фінанси, відповідно, це спосіб реалізації фінансових відносин з метою отримання саме халяльного прибутку.
Шляхи вдосконалення управління споживчим кредитуванням на основі визначення платоспроможності позичальника комерційного банку
Authors: Вишневська Катерина , Барадакова Світлана
Published: December 2021

Обгрунтовано важливість удосконалення процесу формування структури та управління портфелем споживчих кредитів банку, мінімізації кредитних ризиків і оцінювання платоспроможності позичальників. Аргументовано доцільність формування відповідної організаційної структури, підвищення повноти інформаційного забезпечення, наукової обґрунтованості аналітичної підтримки процесу кредитування та управління ризиками. Запропоновано оцінювання платоспроможності позичальника на основі результативного та ресурсного підходів, що дозволяє проаналізувати фактичне фінансове навантаження, виявити рівень платоспроможності завдяки оптимізаційної моделі, що сприяє зменшенню кредитних ризиків, підвищенню якості кредитного портфелю і дохідності кредитних операцій банку.
HİNT ALT KITASINDA ÇAĞDAŞ DİNÎ BİR HAREKET OLARAK BİRELVÎLİK
Authors: YAĞİR AHMETOĞLU Gülşen
Published: December 2021

Temelleri 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında atılan, 20. yüzyılın başlarında da Ahmed Rızâ Han’ın liderliğinde İslâm’ı müdafaa etme iddiasıyla ortaya çıkan Birelvîlik, ismini Ahmed Rızâ Han’ın doğduğu yer olan Hindistan’ın kuzeyindeki Birelî (بريلي) şehrinden almaktadır. Çıktığı yere nispetle daha çok “Birelvî” olarak anılmalarına rağmen, mensupları kendileri için “Ehl-i Sünnet ve’l-Cemâat” ismini kullanmaktadır.
Birelvîliğin düşünce yapısının temelleri, Ahmed Rızâ Han’a dayanmaktadır. Ahmed Rızâ Han, dini düşünce anlayışını Hanefîlik ve tasavvufî gelenek üzerine dayandırsa da görüşlerinin temelinde mistik, vahdet-i vücudcu ve felsefî eğilimlerin etkisi görülmektedir. Birelvîliğin, Şiîlikle Sünnîlik arasında eklektik bir yapı içinde olduğu, bundan dolayı da muhalif gruplarınca eleştirildiği görülmektedir. Birelvîler, Hz. Muhammed sevgisini merkeze alarak onu varoluşun asıl kaynağı olarak görmüşlerdir. Dinî ve edebî metinlerinde Hz. Muhammed tasviri canlı ve coşkulu bir tarzda işlenmiştir. Onlara göre, hilafet ve imamet hem dinî hem de dünyevî otoriteyi temsil eden bir makamdır. Hz. Peygamber ve Allah’ın velî kulları aracılığıyla Allah’tan yardım dilemek olan tevessül, Birelvîlere göre caizdir. Birelvîlerin, kendi düşünce anlayışında olmayanlara karşı ise dışlayıcı ve ötekileştirici bir tutum içinde hareket ettikleri görülmektedir.
Çalışma, Hint alt kıtasında ve İslâm dünyasının çeşitli bölgelerinde önemli oranda mensubu olan Birelvîliğin, temel görüşlerini ele alarak, çağdaş İslâmî akımlar arasındaki yerini tespit etmeyi hedeflemektedir.
EŞ‘ARÎ’DE VARLIK İLE MÂHİYETİN AYNİYETİ MESELESİ: DÖNEMSEL BAĞLAM FARKLILIĞI MI ESASA İLİŞKİN BİR AYRIŞMA MI?
Authors: TAŞKIN Bilal
Published: December 2021

İslam düşünce tarihi gelişim sürecinin dinamikleri itibarıyla muhtelif kırılmaları içinde barındırır. Bu kırılmalar belli bir mezhebin ya da disiplinin kavramsal ve yöntemsel ilkeleriyle ya da temel önermeleriyle ilgili olabileceği gibi, doğrudan düşünce geleneğinde öne çıkan bir ilim adamının görüşlerinin yorumlanması etrafında da gerçekleşebilir. Bunun örneklerinden biri de bu çalışmada inceleyeceğimiz, Eş‘arî’ye nispet edilen, varlık ile mahiyetin aynı şeyler oldukları görüşüdür. Bu görüşe göre varlık tek tek var olan şeylerin hakikatlerini ifade eden bir kavramdır; bütün var olanları kuşatan genel ve ortak anlamlı tümel bir kavram değildir. Müteahhir dönem kelâm metinlerinde genel olarak Eş‘arî’nin bu görüşü savunduğu aktarılır. Ancak Eş‘arî’nin eserlerinde ya da onun görüşlerini derleyen eserlerde bu görüş yönünde belli bir ifade yer almamaktadır. Çalışma Eş‘arî’ye yapılan bu nispetin, mahiyet teorisi kapsamında değil, sıfat ve ahvâlin (niteliksel durumlar) şeylerle ilişkisi bağlamında dikkate alınması gerektiği öne sürmektedir. Çalışmada Eş‘arî’nin görüşlerinin tespitinde doğrudan kendi eserlerine ve onun görüşlerini derleyen İbn Fûrek’in Mücerred adlı eserine başvurulmuştur.
ŞİHÂBEDDİN EL-MERCÂNÎ’NİN İBN TEYMİYYE İLE İLİŞKİSİ KONUSUNDA RIZÂEDDİN FAHREDDİN’İN MUALLAKTA BIRAKTIĞI BİR MESELENİN TAHLİLİ
Authors: KUTLU Sönmez
Published: December 2021

Rızâeddin Fahreddin, İbn Teymiyye kitabında İdil-Ural alimleri arasında İbn Teymiyye’den ilk bahsedenin Mercânî olup olmadığını tartışmaya açtı.. O, Rusya Müslümanları arasında 1910’dan önce İbn Teymiyye’nin adının, eserlerinin ve görüşlerinin başkalarının kitapları üzerinden bilindiğini ileri sürdü. Onun böyle bir iddiayı ileri sürmesinin sebebi Mercânî’nin Şerhu’l-Akâid el-Adûdiyye haşiyesinin bir müsvedde nüshasındaki notta, İbn Teymiyye’nin “Hanbelilerin ileri gelenlerinden” ve “Hadis taraftarı olduğu”, “Allah’a cihet ve mekân isnat ve ispatı ettiği”, “arşın lafzî anlamda mekan olduğu”, “kainâtın bütün eczâsıyla hâdis (sonradan yaratılmış) olduğunu söyleyememiş olduğu” ve “münferit eşhâsın hudûsuyla iktifâ etmiş olduğu” şeklindeki bilgiler yer almaktaydı. O, Mercânî’nin bu ifadelerinin kaynaklarını aydınlatmak için büyük bir çaba sarf etmiştir. fakat meseleyi muallakta bırakmıştır. Biz bu makalemizde, Rızâeddin Fahreddin’in muallakta bıraktığı “Rusya müslümanları arasında İbn Teymiyye ve eserlerine ilgi duyan ve onlardan bahseden ilk kişinin Mercânî olup olmadığı” meselesini, Mercânî İbn Teymiyye etkileşimini ve İbn Teymiyye’den aktarılan “alemin nevi ile kadim olduğu” fikrini, Mercânî’nin Vefiyye’si, İbn Teymiyye’nin eserleri, ona yazılan reddiyelerden hareketle karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde analiz edeceğiz ve muallakta bırakılan bu meselenin aydınlatılmasına katkıda bulunacağız.
ÉLETPÁLYA-TERVEZÉS SAJÁTOS NEVELÉSI IGÉNYŰ FIATALOK ESETÉBEN
Authors: Mező Katalin , Móré Mariann
Published: December 2021

A tanulmány a sajátos nevelési igényű fiatalok életpálya-tervezésének megvalósítási lehetőségeit elemzi hazánkban. A téma kifejezetten aktuális, hiszen a szakképzés rendszerének hazai átalakítási folyamata (Szakképzés 4.0, 2020) során egyre inkább kirajzolódik, hogy a szakiskola elsődleges továbbtanulási célként jelenik meg a sajátos nevelési igényű tanulók egyes csoportjai számára. A szakiskolákban képzett szakemberek potenciális munkavállalóként jelenhetnének meg a munkaerőpiacon, mégsem történik meg minden esetben az akadálymentes és automatikus munkavállalás a középiskola elvégzése után. Az életpálya-tervezés - mely a sajátos nevelési igényű fiatalok esetében kiegészül és egybefonódik az Egyéni Átvezetési Terv készítésével - megoldást jelenthetne a vázolt problémára, ezért a jelen tanulmány célja, hogy felhívja a figyelmet e lehetőség tudatos és szakszerű alkalmazására a sajátos nevelési igényű fiatalok esetében is.
JAVASLAT A PÁLYAORIENTÁCIÓ TÉMAKÖRÉBEN GYAKORI FOGALMAK RENDSZEREZÉSÉRE
Authors: Mező Ferenc
Published: December 2021

A magyar nyelvben több fogalom is létezik a pályaorientációval kapcsolatban, de jelentésük és egymáshoz való viszonyuk néha nem tűnik elég egyértelműnek. Jelen dokumentum: a) kiemeli, hogy ezek találati száma eltérő a Google, a MATARKA és az EPA adatbázisokban való keresések esetében is, b) megpróbálja megtalálni a különböző találatok számának okait, c) javasol egy lehetséges megoldást e fogalmak rendszerezésével kapcsolatban.
Occurrence and Removal of Macrolides in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Review
Authors: Abbasi Zahra , Ahmadi Mehdi
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Macrolides are a group of antibacterial agents. Given their clinical importance, and the consistent rise in resistance among pathogenic bacteria, macrolides have been the targets of extensive research.
Materials and Methods: This review considered the number of macrolides in different wastewater and the removal of these drugs. The antibiotics were frequently detected in influents and effluents, ranged from ng/L up to lower μg/L. In influent, the highest concentrations of clarithromycin (6080 ng/L), roxithromycin (>103 ng/L), erythromycin (3900 ng/L), and azithromycin (1949 ng/L) were detected in Croatia, Chinese, USA, and Singapore municipal wastewater treatment plants, respectively.
Results: The removal efficiency of macrolides during wastewater treatment processes varies and is essentially dependent on a combination of macrolides physicochemical properties, location of municipal wastewater, and the operating conditions of the treatment systems. The application of alternative techniques, including membrane separation, activated carbon adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, biodegradation, and disinfection were the dominant removal routes for macrolides in different wastewater treatment processes. A combination of these techniques can also be used, leading to higher removals, which may be necessary before the final disposal of the effluents or their reuse for irrigation or groundwater recharge.
Conclusion: Many antibiotics cannot be removed completely in wastewater treatment processes and would enter into the environment via effluent and sludge. The molecular structure of macrolides and their load-bearing capacity has led to the advantage of biological treatment over other treatments. However, the main part of the treatment has been done using biological treatment.