bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome after polyaxial locking plate osteosynthesis in proximal tibia fractures (VALCP ® vs. NCB-PT®): a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Völk Dominik , Neumaier Markus , Einhellig Heike , Biberthaler Peter , Hanschen Marc
Published: May 2020

Aims and Objectives:

The use of polyaxial locking plates is an established technique for the treatment of proximal tibia fractures. At the moment different polyaxial locking implants from numerous manufactures are available, though at the moment there are no clinical trials regarding their differences. In this prospective clinical trail we compared the NCB-PT® (Zimmer) and the VA-LCP® (Synthes) by analysing primary and secondary quality criteria of the osteosynthesis (clinical and radiological).

Materials and Methods:

This study enrolled 28 patients suffering from a proximal tibia fracture (AO/ASIF 41 B-C). The follow-up examinations were conducted over 12 months after the surgery. Clinical (e.g. range of motion, Rasmussen score, Tegner score) as well as radiological parameters (e.g. primary and secondary loss of reduction, fracture healing) were collected. For the analysis of continuous parametric variables the Student’s t-test was used and for non-parametric variables the Mann-Whitney U test. For binominal variables the Fisher’s exact test was preformed. In all analysis the significance level was set at a p-value <0,05.

Results:

Comparing the epidemiologic data of both groups only very small or no differences with no statistical significance could be found. The intraoperative data showed a significant longer surgery duration for the NCB-group (NCB-PT® 196,3 min vs. VA-LCP® 121,7 min, p-value 0,0335). Furthermore the median length of implants used in each group proved to be significant longer in the NCB-group (NCB-PT® 8,1 holes vs. VA-LCP® 5,1 holes, p-value 0,0007), most likely because of the imbalance of severe fractures in between the groups (type C fractures: NCB-PT® 78% vs. VA-LCP® 26%). The analysis of the clinical data as well as the clinical scores showed reduced scoring values of the NCB-group. Only the results of the Lysholm score (p-value: 0,03) and MKQ (Munich Knee Questionnaire) (p-value: < 0,0001) proved to be statistically significant. Regarding the radiological data only the radiologic Rasmussen score had a significant difference in favour of the VA-LCP®-group (p-value 0,0153).

Conclusion:

This study constitutes the first prospective clinical trial to compare the outcome of the VALCP® an NCB-PT® for the treatment of proximal tibia fractures. Despite the limitation of this study, low case numbers and heterogeneity of fracture types, differences regarding the clinical and radiological outcome could be found. The treatment with the VA-LCP® had a significantsuperior outcome in separate clinical scores (Lyshom score/ Munich Knee Questionnaire) as well as in a single radiologic score (radiologic Rasmussen score) in comparison to the treatment with the NCB-PT®. Our data underlines the necessity for an extended study with a higher case number.
Trauma Mechanisms of Acute Knee injuries in Bouldering and Sport Climbing
Authors: Lutter Christoph , Tischer Thomas , Cooper Carrie , Frank Luisa , Hotfiel Thilo , Lenz Robert , Schöffl Volker
Published: May 2020

Background

There is limited insight into trauma mechanisms of knee injuries in bouldering and sport climbing for both non-competitive and competitive athletes.

Purpose

Based on a recent rapid increase of knee injuries caused by bouldering and sport climbing, we aimed to examine traumatic mechanisms of injury, demographics, distribution and severity of knee injuries in affected athletes.

Study Design

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods

Within a four-year period, we performed a retrospective multi-center analysis of acute knee injuries in both competitive and non-competitive climbers. Traumatic mechanisms were inquired and severity levels, therapies and outcomes recorded using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Tegner, Lysholm and a climbing-specific outcome score.

Results

A total number of 71 patients (35% competitive athletes and 65% non-competitive athletes) with 77 independent acute knee injuries were identified. Four different trauma mechanisms were thereby recorded: High step (20.8%), Drop knee (16.9%), Heel hook (40.3%) and (ground) Fall (22.1%). The leading structural damage was medial meniscal tear (29.3%), found significantly more often in non-competitive athletes. A specific climbing injury is iliotibial band strain during the heel hook position, causing 46.8 % of all injuries; most injuries resulted from indoor bouldering. Surgical procedures were predominantly necessary within the non-competitive group. One year after the injury, the average Tegner score was 5.6 ± 0.6 (3-6), Lysholm score was 97 ± 4.8 (74-100) and climbing specific outcome score was 4.8 ± 0.6 (2-5).

Conclusion:

Increased attention on the climber’s knee is required, especially due to the worldwide rise of indoor bouldering. Sport specific awareness- and training programs for both noncompetitive and competitive climbers to reduce acute knee injuries should be developed and sports medical supervision is mandatory.
The effect of combined cryotherapy/compression versus cryotherapy following ACL reconstruction with regard to return-to-sports 3 months after surgery
Authors: Zantop Thore , Zantop Christian , Hönninger Anja , Hauner Dominik , Warminski Przemyslaw
Published: May 2020

Aims and Objectives:

Morbidity following ACL reconstruction may be a key factor to reduce muscular dysfunction and increase physical activity. While intra-operative factors have been the focus of standardization within the last years, strategies reducing the morbidity such as postoperative cryotherapy have been investigated less. Goal of this study was to compare subjective and objective patient outcomes following ACL reconstruction with combined compression and cryotherapy compared with traditional ice therapy alone. We hypothesized that ryotherapy/compression will show significantly better results three months after ACL reconstruction compared to cryotherapy alone.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 40 Patients undergoing ACL reconstruction are prospectively randomized to be treated with cryotherapy/compression device (GameReady, CA/USA, group 1) or a cryotherapy device (Aircast Cryocuff, DJO CA/USA, group 2). ACL reconstructions were performed by a single surgeon with semitendinosus graft and standardized rehabilitation protocol. Patients were instructed to use the ice therapy devices 4 times per day for 30min. Pain management directly postoperatively was analyzed as recorded during clinical records and VAS. Follow-up was performed at 12 weeks postoperatively using visual analog scale (VAS), Lysholm knee score, Short Form 36 (SF36), and Tegner acitiy score. Additionally, a functional “return-to-sports” analysis including isokinetic strength measurements (BTE-primus), proprioceptive tests (MTF tests) and a 3d-motion analysis (myomotion, Noraxon) during bilateral drop jumps and single leg hop tests was performed.

Results:

VAS and comparison of the administrated painkillers showed no significant differences between the two groups. Both groups used the cryotherapy/compression device and the cryotherapy device as determined by the study protocol. At 12 weeks, there was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to Lysholm score, Tegner score, and SF-36, however there was a trend towards better scores in group 1. The was a higher range of motion in group 1 compared to group 2. Functional analysis with isokinetic strength measurements, proprioceptive test and a 3d-motion analysis revealed better functional results in patients of the group cryotherapy/compression device compared to cryotherapy alone.

Conclusion:

This prospective analysis of 40 patients following semitendinosus ACL reconstruction with one single surgeon implicates that the use of a cryotherapy/compression device (GameReady) showed significantly better objective patient outcomes following ACL reconstruction compared to cryotherapy alone.
Prevalence, Development, and Factors Associated with Cyst Formation after Meniscal Repair with the All-Inside Suture Device
Authors: Zantop Thore , Hashimoto Yusuke , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: May 2020

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of cyst formation as a complication of all-inside meniscal suture device using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and analyze the risk factors.

Materials and Methods:

Of the patients who had undergone meniscal repair surgery 46 cases (46 knees) were selected to be in the case-control study. 51 menisci (34 medial menisci, 17 lateral menisci) of 46 cases were included to the study. Out of 51 menisci, 46 menisci combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures and had performed ACL reconstruction (ACLR). 5 cases (5 menisci) had been performed meniscal repair (MR). MRIs of the knee were performed 6, 12 and 24 months post-meniscal surgery. The MRIs were examined to detect the new development of cysts encasing the suture anchors and evaluate meniscal healing. Univariate and multivariate risk factor analyses was used to account for the suture technique (suture device alone versus suture device and inside-out suture repair), concurrent operation (MR alone versus MR with ACL reconstruction), patient gender, medial versus lateral menisci, number of device use, side-to-side difference of knee arthrometer, type of anchor (acetal resin versus PEEK material) and clinical scores (Lysholm score, Tegner activity scale, IKDC score).

Results:

MRI examinations revealed cyst formation in 15 of 51 menisci. 3 menisci were detected cyst formation at 6 months of surgery, 9 at 12 months and 3 at 24 months. Only 3 patients (6.5%) were symptomatic. Tecxhniques using suture device alone was more likely to develop cysts: odds ratio (OR) was 10.67 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25 to 91.41). Medial meniscus statistically tended to develop cyst compared with lateral meniscus and OR was 7.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23 to 51.07). Patients who have instability (side-to-side difference of knee arthrometer > 3mm) are more likely to develop cysts than that ofless than or equal to 3mm (p = 0.06).

Conclusion:

This study revealed the risk factors and prevalence rate for cyst formation after using the all-inside meniscal suture device. The prevalence rate of cyst formation around suture implant was 29%, however most cases didn’t have any symptoms. Suture device only and medial meniscus were significant risk factors for cyst formation. Knee instability was greater in the cyst developed menisci though it was not significant, which suggested that knee instability could affect cyst formation around suture anchors.
A Selective arthroplasty algorithm contributes to clinical outcome and patient satisfaction in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Holz Johannes , Schneider Stefan , Hansen-Algenstaedt Nils , Kaiser Rene , Ilg Ansgar
Published: May 2020

Aims and Objectives:

The purpose was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction of patients with knee osteoarthritis treated within a selective arthroplasty algorithm, using focal metal implants (FMI), unicompartmental (UKA), patellofemoral (PFA), bicompartimental (BKA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in a single center.

Materials and Methods:

This is a prospective study analyzing a consecutive series of 613 patients treated by two surgeons in a single center. In 283 men and 330 women either partial or total knee replacement were performed. Their mean age at surgery was 63±6,85 years and mean BMI 29,55±5,00 kg/m2. 357 UKA, 178 TKA, 30 PFA, 23 BKA and 25 FMI were performed. Implants were cemented or cementless (UKA) and made of cobalt chrome in partial knee and zirconium oxide in total knee replacement. Demographics and patient reported outcomes (VAS, KOOS, Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and Knee Society Score (KSS Expectations and satisfaction)) were collected preoperatively and 3,6 and 12 months postoperatively. A total of 442 of 457 eligible patients (Compliance = 96,7%) have thus far completed the 12 months follow-up time point.

Results:

All mean KOOS, OKS, KSS and VAS scores improved significantly 1 year after surgery (p<0.05). Mean preoperative aggregated KOOS improved from 49.8±13,3 to 74,8±16.9 in UKA, from 43,9±13,3 to 65,2±12,4 in PFA, from 46.6±13,1 to 73,8±14,4 in TKA, from 45,2±11,2 to 73,0±9,8 in BKA and 40.9 ± 23.0 to 63.2 in FMI (p<0.05). Mean preoperative aggregated OKS improved from 25,3±7,6 to 38,7±8,4 in UKA, from 22,9±7,6 to 33,3±8,6 in PFA, from 23.3±7.3 to 37,5±7.7 in TKA, from 22,0±7,5 to 39,0±4.0 in BKA and from 22.9 ± 10.0 to 33.4 ± 11.3 in FMI (p<0.05). The mean pain level VAS decreased from pre-treatment to 12 months after surgery in UKA from 5.6 to 1.6, in PFA from 6.2 to 2.8, in TKA from 6.2 to 1.7, in BKA from 6.8 to 1.6 and VAS 5.5 to 2.4. The Mean KSS Expectation/Satisfaction improved at 1 y FU in UKA in expectation 13.7 ± 1.6 and mean KSS satisfaction: 31.1 ± 8.4, in FMI in expectation: 13.5 ± 1.6 and mean KSS satisfaction 26.0 ± 11.4 , in TKA: expectation 13.5 ± 1.8 and mean KSS satisfaction 30.0 ± 7.1, in PFA: expectation 13.7 ± 1.7 and mean KSS satisfaction 26.4 ± 9.2 and BKA: expectation 13.6 ± 1.9 and mean KSS satisfaction 31.2 ± 4.2. Two patients (0.4%) underwent revision (at 3 month for inlay dislocation (UKA) and at 12 Month for desease progression (FMI)).

Conclusion:

This study shows excellent clinical results and patient satisfaction of patients treated within a selective arthroplasty algorithm. Adherence to strict indications for partial as well as for total knee replacement will lead to a comparable significant improvement of patient reported outcomes, patient satisfaction and a low revision rate one year postoperatively.
Posterior condylar offset ratio more precisely reconstructed with robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty when compared to conventional manual technique
Authors: Tücking Lars-René , Savov Peter , Windhagen Henning , Ettinger Max
Published: May 2020

Aims and Objectives:

The use of robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty promises more precision in TKA implant technique. Precise implantation is elemental in improving functional and radiological outcome after TKA. The posterior condylar offset ratio (PCOR) is one important radiological parameter in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The PCOR correlates with the maximum range-of-motion of the knee. A decrease of PCOR in TKA could lead to early impingement of the tibial insert with a consecutive decreased flexion range of the knee. The primary objective of this study was to determine differences in PCOR reconstruction after TKA between manual and robotic arm-assisted TKA surgery.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 80 patients undergoing primary TKA performed by one single senior surgeon were included in this prospective study. Two groups (Robotic arm-assisted TKA group, manual TKA group, n=40 patients each) were compared on the basis of hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), medial proximal tibial angle (mPTA), distal lateral femoral angle (dLFA) and PCOR. Weight-bearing full-leg a.p. radiographs, as well as lateral knee radiographs, were performed pre- and postoperatively. All surgeries were performed with one single posterior stabilized TKA prosthesis type. Statistics consisted of parametric t-testing with a level of significance of p<0.05.

Results:

Preoperative limb alignment, mPTA and dLFA did not differ in between groups (each p>0.05). Postoperative mean PCOR was larger in the robotic arm-assisted TKA group (0.51 ± 0.05 vs. manual TKA group 0.47 ± 0.05, p=0.006). The absolute mean difference of pre- and postoperative PCOR was higher in the manual TKA group when compared to the robotic arm-assisted TKA group (-0.059 vs. -0.017, p=0.001). Manual TKA group showed a mean relative deviation of 12,03% (± 9,1%) in pre- to postoperative PCOR, whereas a mean relative deviation of 3.9 % (± 4.5%) was found in the robotic arm-assisted TKA group.

Conclusion:

Robotic arm-assisted TKA showed higher precision regarding postoperative PCOR with lower absolute mean differences and less relative deviation in pre- and postoperative PCOR when compared to manual TKA. A precise reconstruction of PCOR correlates with a better functional outcome as shown in previous studies before.
A Closer Look is necessary: Traumatic luxation of the patella as a co-injury of an acl-rupture
Authors: Fehske Kai , Meffert Rainer , Eden Lars
Published: May 2020

Aims and Objectives:

The rupture of the acl is considered to be one of the most common knee injuries in sports traumatology. Many patients report that they felt the sensation of a luxated patella during their knee distorsion. In many cases patients patients with the suspicion of a traumatic patella luxation showed in the mri a complete rupture of the acl.

Materials and Methods:

We report about 10 patients consulting our department within the last year after a significant knee trauma. In the mri as well as during the arthroscopic evaluation they showed a complete rupture of the acl as well as the findings of a fresh, traumatic patella luxation. We evaluated and analysed the preoperative and intraoperative pictures (mri and arthrosopy).

Results:

All patients showed in the posttraumatic mri a complete rupture of the acl as well as an at least partial rupture of the mpfl and a rupture of the medial retinaculum. 4 patients showed a persistent subluxation of the patella, 8 patients showed also a rupture of the medial collateral ligament. During the operation we verified a significant instability of the patella in 8 patients so that a stabilization of the patella was performed (open medial stabilization or mpfl reconstruction) in the same operation the acl was reconstructed (semi-t). Eventhough the patients were treated with only one operation and the regaining of motion was prolonged compared with isolated acl-reconstruction, after 12 months postoperatively all patients had a satisfactory range of motion.

Conclusion:

The typical trauma mechanism for an acl rupture is a valgus position of the knee in combination with an external rotation of the tibia, which leads to an enlargement of the q-angle which is considered a predisposition for a patella luxation. If an acl rupture occurs, the patella can luxate within the same trauma. In the posttraumatic mri the rupture of the mpfl is often misinterpreted as a rupture of the medial collateral ligament, particularly if the patella is, as in most cases, in full reposition. Within an acl-rupture a luxation of the patella can occur simultaneously, leading to a significant instability which needs to be treated (medial stabilization or mpfl-reconstruction). Our data shows that a single stage treatment with acl-reconstruction and medial stabilization is technical practicable and mid-term investigation shows good clinical results without a higher risk of an arthrofibrosis.
Contamination of suture material and irrigation fluid over time during athroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (primary and revision) and meniscus surgery
Authors: Bartek Benjamin , Garbe Anja , Schelberger Tarek Guy , Gwinner Clemens , Perka Carsten , Jung Tobias
Published: May 2020

Aims and Objectives:

During arthroscopic surgical procedures, some amount of irrigation fluid leaks from the surgical site and accumulates in the sterile reservoir. Whether these fluid collections show bacterial contamination over time in meniscus surgery and reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) remains unclear.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, we include 200 patients. 100 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction and 100 patients undergoing meniscus surgery. We collected the samples of irrigation fluid before skin incision and every 15 minutes after the start of surgery. In addition, we evaluated the different types of suture material (Fast Fix and Outside-Inside threads in meniscus surgery and ACL reconstruction threads) for bacterial contamination.

Results:

At this point we evaluated samples of 152 patients (irrigation fluid of 152 patients, suture material of 100 patients). While no fluid sample showed contamination after 15 minutes, we overall detected bacterial contamination in 18,4%. Suture material was contaminated with bacteria in 28% of cases.

Conclusion:

At this point, fluid surgical drape reservoirs were abacterial during the first 15 minutes but showed marked bacterial contamination over time. During surgery, irrigation fluid reservoirs should not be withdrawn by suction after skin incision. The tendency of bacterial contamination of the suture material and irrigation fluid reservoir over time has to be further explored. The continues flush and perioperative use of antibiotics might take an important impact on the low number of joint infection compared to the contamination ratio of the suture material. In addition, the effect of saturating suture material with antibiotics needs to be explored.
Components of metabolic syndrome in patients with multiple myeloma and smoldering multiple myeloma
Authors: Markus Efrat , Trestman Svetlana , Cohen Yael , Angel Yoel , Sofer Yael , Mittelman Moshe , Avivi Irit , Stern Naftali , Izkhakov Elena
Published: May 2020

Background

The prevalences of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, both of which are components of metabolic syndrome, are known to be increased among patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but remain undetermined among patients with smoldering MM (SMM).

Methods

Changes in various components of metabolic syndrome were investigated during the follow-up of patients with either MM or SMM compared to healthy controls. The data of 153 patients (105 with MM and 48 with SMM) and 138 controls were accessed from our medical center’s records between 2008 and 2015. We analyzed the patients’ data at diagnosis (baseline) and after 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up.

Results

Patients with SMM had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia at baseline compared to controls. A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed a higher risk to develop dyslipidemia after 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up among the SMM patients. The MM patients had a higher risk to develop diabetes after 1 year, hypertension after 5 years, and dyslipidemia after 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate that patients with SMM and those with MM are more prone to develop various components of metabolic syndrome, and they stress the importance of following-up metabolic syndrome components in both groups of patients.
Patient and tumour characteristics associated with inclusion in Cancer patient pathways in Norway in 2015–2016
Authors: Nilssen Yngvar , Brustugun Odd Terje , Eriksen Morten Tandberg , Haug Erik Skaaheim , Naume Bjørn , Møller Bjørn
Published: May 2020

Background

Cancer patient pathways (CPPs) were implemented in 2015 to reduce waiting time, regional variation in waiting time, and to increase the predictability of cancer care for the patients. The aims of this study were to see if the national target of 70% of all cancer patients being included in a CPP was met, and to identify factors associated with CPP inclusion.

Methods

All patients registered with a colorectal, lung, breast or prostate cancer diagnosis at the Cancer Registry of Norway in the period 2015–2016 were linked with the Norwegian Patient Registry for CPP information and with Statistics Norway for sociodemographic variables. Multivariable logistic regression examined if the odds of not being included in a CPP were associated with year of diagnosis, age, sex, tumour stage, marital status, education, income, region of residence and comorbidity.

Results

From 2015 to 2016, 30,747 patients were diagnosed with colorectal, lung, breast or prostate cancer, of whom 24,429 (79.5%) were included in a CPP. Significant increases in the probability of being included in a CPP were observed for colorectal (79.1 to 86.2%), lung (79.0 to 87.3%), breast (91.5 to 97.2%) and prostate cancer (62.2 to 76.2%) patients (p < 0.001). Increasing age was associated with an increased odds of not being included in a CPP for lung (p < 0.001) and prostate cancer (p < 0.001) patients. Colorectal cancer patients < 50 years of age had a two-fold increase (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.70–2.91) in the odds of not being included in a CPP. The odds of no CPP inclusion were significantly increased for low income colorectal (OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.00–1.54) and lung (OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.16–1.99) cancer patients. Region of residence was significantly associated with CPP inclusion (p < 0.001) and the probability, adjusted for case-mix ranged from 62.4% in region West among prostate cancer patients to 97.6% in region North among breast cancer patients.

Conclusions

The national target of 70% was met within 1 year of CPP implementation in Norway. Although all patients should have equal access to CPPs, a prostate cancer diagnosis, older age, high level of comorbidity or low income were significantly associated with an increased odds of not being included in a CPP.
Short-term predictive potential of quantitative assessment of spinal cord impairment in patients undergoing French-door Laminoplasty for degenerative cervical myelopathy: preliminary results of an exploratory study exploiting intraoperative ultrasound data
Authors: Chen Guoliang , Li Jiachun , Wei Fuxin , Ji Qiao , Sui Wenyuan , Chen Bailing , Zou Xuenong , Xu Zuofeng , Liu Xizhe , Liu Shaoyu
Published: May 2020

Background

To study the correlation of neurological function in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) patients with quantitative assessment of spinal cord compression and impairment by intraoperative ultrasound imaging (IOUSI).

Methods

Twenty-three patients who underwent French-Door laminoplasty for multilevel DCM were followed for 6 months. Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score and cervical MRI were assessed before surgery and at postoperative 6 months. IOUS, used to guide decompression, were recorded. The anteroposterior diameter (APD) and the gray values of the IOUSI hyperechogenicity of the midsagittal IOUSI at the narrowest level and at the lesion-free level, and the APD and traverse diameter at the traverse maximum compression level of IOUSI were measured. Maximum spinal cord compression (MSCC), compression rate (CR), and IOUSI gray value ratio (Rgray) were calculated. The appearance of preoperative T2W MRI increased signal intensity (ISI), and the signal change rate (SCR) on postoperative T2W MRI of 9 patients were also measured and calculated, and compared with that of IOUSI hyperechogenicity.

Results

Average mJOA score increased significantly from 11.57 ± 2.67 before surgery to 15.39 ± 1.50 at 6 months after surgery, with an average recovery rate (RR) of 71.11 ± 22.81%. The difference between the appearance of preoperative T2W MRI ISI and IOUSI hyperechogenicity was not significant. Spearman correlation analysis found that the IOUSI Rgray were negatively correlated with the RR of mJOA score with a coefficient of − 0.77, and the IOUSI Rgray was not correlated with the postoperative MRI SCR.

Conclusions

In DCM patients, the gray values of IOUSI can be measured accurately. The IOUSI Rgray correlated with postoperative neurological recovery significantly.
MiR-125 inhibited cervical cancer progression by regulating VEGF and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Fu Ke , Zhang Ling , Liu Rui , Shi Qi , Li Xue , Wang Min
Published: May 2020

Background

MiR-125 has been shown to be involved in a variety of cancers, including cervical cancer (CC). Here, our goal was to explore miR-125 functional role and molecular mechanism in cervical cancer development and progression.

Methods

qRT-PCR was employ to detect miR-125 and VEGF mRNA expression. Western blot was applied for testing protein levels (VEGF, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, AKT, p-AKT, PI3K, and p-PI3K). MTT and transwell assays were used for detecting cervical cancer cell progression, including cell viability, migration, and invasion.

Results

We observed that miR-125 was downregulated, whereas VEGF was upregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines (CaSki and SiHa). MiR-125 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration by targeting VEGF in cervical cancer. Moreover, miR-125 negatively regulated VEGF expression in cervical cancer tissues. Finally, we demonstrated that miR-520d-5p inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the findings demonstrated that miR-125 inhibited cervical cancer progression and development by suppression VEGF and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq.: a traditionally used medicinal plant in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Istiak , Forid Shaekh , Roney Miah , Aluwi Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd , Huq Moyeenul
Published: May 2020

Background

In an attempt to explore the scientific basis for the pharmacological benefits the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Ipomoea mauritiana whole plant methanol extract were assessed.

Methods

The total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined using standard method while antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging activity method. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion method and compared with standard kanamycin (30 μg/disc).

Results

The results revealed that I. mauritiana extract contains tannin, saponin, terpenoids, alkaloid and flavonoids. In DPPH, ascorbic acid and extract showed highest scavenging activity and it was 90.96% at concentration 800 μg/mL and I. mauritiana methanol extract showed 72.28% at a concentration of 800 μg/mL. The extract was able to reduce the stable free radical DPPH with an IC50 of 275.084 μg/mL while that of ascorbic acid was 230.09 μg/mL. Total phenolic constituent of the extract was 59.302 ± 3.289 mg/g as gallic acid equivalent. The flavonoid content of methanolic extract of I. mauritiana was 27.212 mg of QE/g. In case of antimicrobial screening, crude extracts of I. mauritiana showed notable antibacterial activity against tested microorganisms. The extract and standard showed the highest mean zone of inhibition ranging from 13 to 19 mm and 37 to 42 mm, respectively at a concentration of 400 μg /disc and against the gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus-19.25 mm) showed highest zone of inhibition.

Conclusions

The results indicate that I. mauritiana possesses considerable antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
Three sub-Saharan migration systems in times of policy restriction
Authors: Beauchemin Cris , Flahaux Marie-Laurence , Schoumaker Bruno
Published: May 2020

This paper reviews new evidence on the trends and patterns of migration between Africa and Europe since the mid-1970s, and discusses their congruency with the changing context of migration policy. Using data from theDeterminants of International Migration(DEMIG) and theMigration between Africa and Europe(MAFE) projects, we compare flows and policies of three African and six European destination countries (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, and Senegal, on the one hand; and Belgium, France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, and the UK, on the other). The paper focuses on topics that quantitative studies usually overlook due to the lack of data, namely the propensity to out-migrate, legal status at entry, routes of migration, and propensity to return. We show that times of restrictions in Europe do not correspond to less African out-migration, but rather to more unauthorized migration and fewer returns. We further show that trends in African migration differ greatly between historical and new destination countries in Europe.
Laparoscopic image of carbon dioxide embolism during laparoscopic hepatectomy: a case report
Authors: Takechi Kenichi , Ito Mari , Peng Yi , Daizen Waka , Shimizu Ichiro
Published: May 2020

Background

Carbon dioxide embolism is a life-threatening complication of laparoscopic hepatectomy.

Case presentation

A 59-year-old man was admitted for laparoscopic hepatectomy. Approximately 5 h after commencing the operation, we observed a gradual decline in the SpO2 from 100 to 94%, reduction in the ETCO2 from 44 to 19 mmHg, reduction in the systolic blood pressure from 100 to 82 mmHg, and elevation of the heart rate from 82 to 120 beats/min. Intraoperatively, the image displayed on the laparoscopic monitor revealed a small tear in the vein. The inspired O2 fraction was raised to 1.0, intravenous phenylephrine (0.1 mg bolus) was administered, and the respiratory rate was increased. After the patient was stabilized, the injured vein was cut and sealed. After the embolic event, the entire operation was completed without complications.

Conclusions

Careful observation of the laparoscopic monitor is important, particularly during establishment of pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy.
Bio-based textile processing through the application of enzymes for environmental sustainability
Authors: Rahman Mahfuzur , Hack-Polay Dieu , Billah Md Morsaline , Un Nabi Md Noor
Published: May 2020

Textile industries contribute significantly to the economy of many developing countries. Every year, these countries export millions of dollars’ worth of textile products to developed countries. However, textile industries use expensive and corrosive chemicals that pose a significant threat to environmental quality and public health. This has led to serious concerns and necessitated the inclusion of safer and environmentally friendly alternatives. Consequently, bio-based processing has created a new approach utilizing biotechnological advances. This article uses evidence from the scientific literature to examine the application of industrial biotechnology in textile-processing industries, which includes enzymes, as a sustainable alternative to the harsh toxic chemicals currently used in textile processing. The article draws on evidence that enzymes offer a competitive advantage over chemicals with less resource requirements (energy and water), reduced emission and less waste. Due to high specificity, enzymes produce minimum byproducts. The implementation of enzymes in textile processing could offer environmental benefits, and improve public health and the sustainability of textiles and apparel. This article contributes to critical awareness by providing succinct information about major enzymes used in textile processes to improve the performance of textile materials, thus contributing to changes in behaviours and attitudes towards textile processing and environmental sustainability. This can assist textile manufacturers and governments in the developing world in campaigns to promote biotechnologies for environmental sustainability.
DNA of Brugia malayi detected in several mosquito species collected from Balangan District, South Borneo Province, Indonesia
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono , Tan Suriyani
Published: May 2020

Background and Aim: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a lesser-known parasitic disease, which contributes to significant decreases in overall health. This study investigated the presence of Brugia malayi in mosquitoes collected in the South Borneo Province, Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: Mosquitoes were collected through bare leg collection methods after sunset in several areas of the Hukai and Gulinggang villages in the Balangan District. The collected mosquitoes were identified based on morphological features and dissected to find microfilaria and then pooled through species for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microfilaria detection.

Results: A total of 837 female mosquitoes consisting of at least 14 species were selected; they were dissected, and no microfilariae were found. Mosquitoes were divided into 69 pools for PCR analysis. PCR revealed that 8.7% (6/69) of the pools were positive for B. malayi, including Mansonia annulifera (4 pools), Aedes albopictus (1 pool), and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (1 pool).

Conclusion: These results suggested that mosquito dissection was not an optimum method for finding microfilaria. M. annulifera, C. tritaeniorhynchus, and A. albopictus mosquitoes might play an important role in the transmission of LF in the Balangan District. Information from this study could be used for the prevention of transmission or vector control programs in Indonesia.
Validated HPLC Method for Assay and Content
Uniformity Testing of Roflumilast in Blend and Tablets
Authors: Prasad N. Nukendra , Nadh R. Venkata , Srinivasu N.
Published: May 2020

Roflumilast is a selective enzyme inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4. This drug is recommended for
treatment of patients suffering from chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease with chronic-bronchitis.
Roflumilast is not official in pharmacopoeia and the reported methods are having high chromatographic
run times. A short run time HPLC method was developed for assay and content uniformity testing to
determine the roflumilast in blend and tablets. The mobile phase consists of 10 mM sodium dihydrogen
phosphate monohydrate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 45:55 v/v. The HPLC method was
developed using accucore-C18 150 × 4.6 mm, 4 μm column with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1, 215 nm
wavelength and 10 μL injection volume with run time of 5 min. The method linearity was proved
between 5.02-40.17 μg mL-1 and obtained correlation-coefficient value is 1.0000. The mean recovery
of roflumilast was 100.6%. The stability indicating nature was established and performed the validation
by considering ICH Q2 (R1) recommendations.
Soil Parameters Affecting the Antioxidant Activity of Hypoxis hemerocallidea
Corm Extracts in Different Areas of South Africa
Authors: Mkolo N.M. , Olaokun O.O. , Olowoyo J.O. , Eloff J.N. , Naidoo V.
Published: May 2020

Hypoxis hemerocallidea is wild harvested and widely used due inter alia to its strong antioxidant
activity. Antioxidant activity is linked to plant stressors like soil heavy metals concentrations and pH.
If high antioxidant activity is caused by heavy metals stressing the plant, the plant may not be completely
safe. Soils and H. hemerocallidea corms were collected from five different geographical regions of
South Africa. The highest corm and soil heavy metals concentration were Fe, Mn and Cr, with Fe
having the highest, particularly for corms collected from Ga-rankuwa (83.7 ± 0.03 μg/g). The soil and
corm samples from Ga-rankuwa with high levels of metals (Fe, Cr, Ni, Pb) had greater antioxidant
activity (EC50 of 1.68 ± 0.49 μg/mL). Despite corms showing ability to bio-accumulate heavy metals,
the antioxidant activity could not be linked to environmental conditions. The results highlight potential
danger of using naturally harvested bulbs growing in unidentified soils
Chemical Modifications of Guar Gum for Drug Delivery Applications: A Review
Authors: Giri Pankaj , Zandu Simran Kaur , Singh Inderbir
Published: May 2020

Guar gum is a natural excipient extracted from the plant seed of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, belonging
to the Leguminosae family. In the pharmaceutical industries, it contributes an important role due to its
non-toxicity, ease of availability, biodegradability and eco-friendly nature. The major constituents of
guar gum is galactomannan which is composed of D-galactose anhydride and mannose anhydride.
Hydroxyl groups present in galactomannan can be modified by carboxymethylation, grafting or
cross-linking with other excipients for developing modified polymers having desirable properties.
Guar gum is commonly used as a suspending, emulsifying, stabilizing, gelling and thickening agent
in various dosage forms. The guar gum derivatives are also useful in controlling the drug release from
the pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this review, different aspects of synthesis of guar gum derivatives
and its applications in various drug delivery systems is described.
Preparation and Characterization of Sulfonated Carbon from Candlenut
Shell as Catalyst for Hydrolysis of Cogon Grass Cellulose into Glucose
Authors: Taslim  , Batubara Dian Halimah , Maulina Seri , Iriany  , Bani Okta
Published: May 2020

Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) is convertible into glucose by hydrolysis process, which usually
requires a catalyst. A solid acid catalyst of sulfonated carbon was used in this work. This study aimed
to observe the viability of candlenut shell as carbonaceous source in solid acid catalyst production and
to characterize the sulfonated carbon. The carbonization was performed at 250-550 ºC for 4 h, while
sulfonation was carried out at 100-180 ºC for 6 h. Sulfonated carbon was then characterized by
H+ activity/acid density test, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
(SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Sulfonated carbon was then tested
as a heterogeneous catalyst for hydrolysis reaction. The reaction was performed in a stainless steel
batch reactor at 100 ºC for 6 h. Glucose formed by hydrolysis was measured by dinitrosalicylic acid
(DNS) method. Results of this study suggested that sulfonated carbon derived from candlenut shell
may be used as a catalyst for cogon grass cellulose hydrolysis to produce glucose
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue via Cobalt Doped Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Kamakshi T. , Sundari G. Sunita
Published: May 2020

Cobalt doped Fe3O4 i.e., CoFe3O4 nanoparticles of different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5
mol% were represented as Fe3O4, CF1, CF2, CF3, CF4, CF5, respectively) were synthesized using a
chemical co-precipitation technique. The XRD patterns and FTIR spectra of Co doped Fe3O4 revealed
the formation of spinel structure indicating the successful incorporation of cobalt ions with the Fe3O4
structure of the iron ions at octahedral sites. Scanning electron micrographs showed a fine uniform
spherical particles. UV spectroscopic analysis showed that cobalt doping in CoFe3O4 nanocomposites
influenced the band gap values. These band gap values decreased in the range of 2.76-1.61 eV (direct),
2.53-0.97 eV (indirect) with increase of cobalt content. The activity of CoFe3O4 in photocatalysis was
investigated using methylene blue azo dye under visible light. These results depicted that for 1%
cobalt doped Fe3O4 novel material photocatalytic activity was enhanced than all other prepared
nanomaterials.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles of Corn Silk Agrowaste and Their Bioactivities
Authors: Fuloria S. , Hong O.J. , Kim C.B. , Ting B.Y.S. , Karupiah S. , Paliwal N. , Kumari U. , Sathasivam K. , Vetriselvan S. , Fuloria N.K.
Published: May 2020

Present study was intended to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using corn silk aqueous extract
(CSAE) and evaluate for antimicrobial and antiurolithiatic potential. The aqueous decoction of corn
silk offered light yellow CSAE. Treatment of AgNO3 with CSAE offered AgNPs with absorbance 430
nm. Optimization study established 5 mM silver nitrate, 2.5:7.5 extract to AgNO3 ratio, pH 8, and 24
h time as parametric requirement for synthesis of AgNPs using CSAE. Stability study supported the
AgNPs stability based on retention of SPR signal between 428 to 450 nm. The synthesis of AgNPs
was confirmed on broad and shifted FTIR bands; XRD signals at 2θ values of 32.27º, 40.72º, 46.20º,
65.69º, 69.31º and 76.49º indexed to 111, 200, 220 and 311 planes, respectively; particle size range
from 22.05-36.69 nm in FESEM; and elemental silver content of 62.17% as per EDX spectrum. The
synthesized AgNPs exhibited high antibacterial and antiurolithiatic potential. Present study recommends
that synthesis of AgNPs using CSAE is a facile and eco-friendly method
Synthesis, Characterization, in vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation and in silico
Molecular Docking and ADME Prediction of 4-Chlorophenyl
Furfuran Derivatives bearing Pyrazole Moieties
Authors: Mathew Manju , Chinnamanayakar Raja , Ramanathan Ezhilarasi Muthuvel
Published: May 2020

A series of 1-(5-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl)-4,5-dihyropyrazol-1-yl ethanone (5a-h) was synthesized
through E-(3-(5-(4-chloro-phenyl)furan-2-yl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (3a-h) with hydrazine
monohydrate and sodium acetate. Totally, eight compounds were synthesized and their structures
were elucidated by infrared, 1H & 13C NMR, elemental analysis, antimicrobial studies, in silico molecular
docking studies and also in silico ADME prediction. Antimicrobial studies of the synthesized
compounds showed good to moderate activity against the all the stains compared with standard drugs.
in silico Molecular docking study was carried out using bacterial protein and BC protein. Synthesized
compounds (5a-h) showed good docking score compared with ciprofloxacin. Antimicrobial study
was carried out for 4-chlorophenyl furfuran pyrazole derivatives (5a-h). The results of assessment of
toxicities, drug likeness and drug score profiles of compounds (5a-j) are promising
Synthesis and Characterization of Azo Schiff Bases and their β-Lactam Derivatives
Authors: SHINDE ANIL H. , Patil C.J.
Published: May 2020

Azo salicylaldehyde (I5) was synthesized by reaction of 5-bromo-salicylaldehyde with diazonium salt of 4-nitroaniline by diazotization
method. Thus, synthesized azoaldehyde was treated with variable 2-aminobenzothiazoles (I6a-f) to synthesize the Schiff bases (I7a-f).
The β-lactam derivatives (I8a-f) were also synthesized. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by TLC, UV-visible and
FT-IR techniques.
Survival Rate, Growth And Chemical Content of Dendronereis pinnaticirris (Polychaeta, Nereidae) In Maintenance With Different Food And Substrate
Authors: Wibowo Eko Setio , Yuwono Edy , Sukardi Purnama , Siregar Asrul Sahri
Published: May 2020

The worm Dendronereis pinnaticirris is used as feed of shrimp broodstock in a hatchery, mainly because of its availability in the local market, and its nutritional content required for improving gonad maturation and post larvae production. The important economic value of the worm and the increasing demand for feed in shrimp hatcheries have led to an intense exploitation that suppers its population and the sustainability of the whole estuarine ecosystem. The study, which represents the starting point of large-scale production of the polychaete worm by culture in the artificial system, shall be undertaken. Accordingly, a production study using D. pinnaticirris juvenile was carried out under controlled conditions fed with two different feed (feed contains mainly plant protein and animal protein, respectively), and kept in three different substrates (substrate consists of mud and 8.78%, 37.34%, 39.17% sand, respectively). The treatments were arranged according to randomized completely block design in 8 (eight) replicates. The survival rate, body weight increment and growth, oxygen consumption, proximate body chemical, and fatty acid contents were measured. The results showed that growth and oxygen consumption was significantly influenced by a substrate and feed type (P<0.05).  Worms on the mud substrate with 39.17% sand, and feed containing vegetable protein showed the highest oxygen consumption.  Survival rate and chemical body content were not significantly influenced by the type of substrate and feed (P<0.05). The protein content of the worm was 32.02-43.81%, while fat content was 2.41-9.89%. Twenty different fatty acids were identified in the worm of all treatment groups.