bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heavy Metal Contamination on Shallot Fields In Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta
Authors: Handayani Cicik Oktasari , Martono Edi , Harini Rika
Published: April 2022

Shallot cultivation usually uses very intensive agrochemicals that could affect the soil’s chemical properties and contaminate agricultural land by increasing the content of heavy metals. The use of agrochemicals is closely related to the behavior of farmers. The research aimed to study the heavy metal contamination and soil chemical properties in shallot fields and analyze the relationship between farmer behavior in using fertilizers and pesticides with a heavy metal concentration in agricultural land. The research was conducted in Srigading Village, Batul, Yogyakarta. Soil samples as many as 30 samples were taken from the shallot fields before harvest using a purposive sampling method and were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, and other soil chemical properties. Interviews were also conducted with landowners or farmers at the soil sampling location. Analysis of interview data was carried out by scoring each qualitative data into quantitative data through a questionnaire and testing the correlation between farmer behavior and heavy metal content. The results found that the shallot fields in the Srigading Village, Bantul contain heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni with concentrations below soil quality standard. The soil organic carbon content in shallot fields has a low value. Farmer behavior has a weak negative correlation with heavy metal content in the soil.
El ocio y la recreación como factor protector de la reserva cognitiva del adulto mayor, en Huila, Colombia
Authors: Parra Yivy Salazar , Paloma Luz Rocio Blanco , Cruz Angel Miler Roa
Published: April 2022

En Colombia,  la curva demográfica registra aumento del envejecimiento progresivo de la población, lo cual conduce a la necesidad de generar estrategias tendientes a mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas mayores. Es por ello que la Reserva Cognitiva RC nace en el entendimiento de la diferencia entre una persona con una enfermedad neurodegenerativa o una persona sana, y en la búsqueda de soluciones tendientes a detener y prevenir el deterioro cognitivo en la vejez. El objetivo de adaptar y baremar una Escala de Reserva Cognitiva ERC (Roldan, 2017), desde un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo a una muestra de 155 adultos mayores de 65 de años, de los cuales 61 son hombres y 94 son mujeres, (media edad:71,08), del Huila, Colombia. La ERC, evaluado desde las cuatro categorías de análisis: Actividades de la vida diaria / AVD, Formación- Información / F-I, Hobbies y Aficiones /H-A, Vida Social /VS, como eje a promover la buena salud del cerebro y prevenir el daño cognitivo asociado al envejecimiento, encontrándose la relevancia del constructo de RC, del ocio y la recreación con una correlación de 0, 877, lo que demuestra la importancia en la protección cognitiva del adulto mayor. El adulto mayor disfruta espacios de ocio y recreación, ya que le permite estimular su habilidad y experiencias durante sus ciclos e historias de vida, dentro de un contexto de identidad, disposición de sus congéneres y sociedad donde es valorado su saber, su historia, su sentir y su actuar frente a su entorno de vida.
Cutaneous histoplasmosis. A case report
Authors: Farfán-Cano Galo G. , Farfán-Cano Stanley G. , Farfán-Cano Harold R. , Silva-Rojas Glen A. , Solórzano-Bravo María T.
Published: April 2022

Histoplasmosis is an endemic infection of Ecuador, its forms of presentation can be varied and florid, especially in immunosuppressed patients, its lethality is high, hence its diagnosis and treatment should be based on both clinical and laboratory results. Cutaneous histoplasmosis is a form of disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum infection rarely described in HIV patients. The following is a description of the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with generalized papular skin lesions, heat stroke, diarrhea, attributed to adverse reaction of gastritis treatment of 10 days of evolution, this was associated with a recent diagnosis of HIV infection following his admission to hospital.
Tribulus terrestris (Gokhru) - An Important Medicinal plant of Arid Zone
Authors: Bohra N. , Shukla J. , Tripathi Atul , Mishra D.
Published: April 2022

The desert climate is though full of harsh conditions, where temperature reaches to 50oC with sandy storm, moving sand dunes etc. However this unique area has several important medicinal plants which are very useful in various diseases. Utilization of various plants was already reported in traditional medicinal system. Tribulus terrestris is also such a wonderful plant which has many fold importance. Various workers have find out several important compounds from them and its various species are also reported by several scientists. An attempt has been made to provide detail information about Tribulus terrestris.
Bioinformatics tools to Predict N-myristoylation Site a Comparison Study
Authors: Arifin Muhammad Zainul , Parikesit Arli A.
Published: April 2022

Protein N-myristoylation is the covalent attachment of myrstate, via an amide bond, to the N-terminal glycine residue of a nascent polypeptide assisted by myristol-CoA protein: N-myristoltransferases (NMT). PROSITE motif describes 5 amino acid after glycine site that would give rise to myristoylation site. However, applied to whole database extract, this motif give too many false postive results. Therefore 2 new tools were developed for N-myristoylation prediction.Taking physical properties into consideration inceases prediction scores greatly. However, these algorithms still cannot predict myristoylated site correctly 100% of the time due to limited understanding of the real mechanims underlying N-myristoylation
Botanical Aspects, Phytochemicals and Health Benefits of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium)
Authors: Natasutedja Alfredo Oktavianto , Lumbantobing Erika , Josephine Emita , Carol Lioni , Junaedi Decky Indrawan , Normasiwi Suluh , Putra Agus Budiawan Naro
Published: April 2022

Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) is a specialty spice widely found in the Provinces of North Sumatra and Aceh, Indonesia. The fruit is usually used by Batak people in North Sumatra as a food ingredient to cook Batak’s cuisine such as arsik, tombur, and naniura. It is also used as one of the ingredients to make Indonesian spicy sauce called sambal. Andaliman fruit is reported to eliminate the undesirable smell in fish and raw meat. Moreover, it could also reduce total volatile base nitrogen content in fish which helps to prevent spoilage. Furthermore, andaliman has been reported to contain bioactive compounds which act as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-acne, and anti-halitosis effects. This review focuses on the botanical aspects of and health potential exhibited by andaliman.
ARI(1,1) Model for Predicting Covid19 in Indonesia
Authors: Pradana ratnasari Nanda Rizqia
Published: April 2022

Covid19 modelling is needed to help people understanding the distribution or pattern of the data and doing the prediction. The data used for modelling in this study was ‘confirmed cases’ of Covid19 in Indonesia recorded from March 2 to August 23, 2020. Model obtained from analysis was ARI(1,1) with estimated parameter 0.9859 and standard error 0.0114. Maximum Likelihood was the method conducted to estimate the parameters. The model was good to predict the actual data of Covid19 confirmed cases in Indonesia.

 

Keywords: Covid19, autoregressive, prediction.
Implementation of Biodesign process to Identify Unmet Needs of Tuberculosis Patients in Indonesia
Authors: Siswanto Melinda , Thimoty Gabriella , Bera Jonathan Hendrik
Published: April 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacteria tuberculosis. It affects the respiratory system and may spread to the other organ. Due to the nature of the bacteria, infection of this species may cause a long-term TB, causing it a challenge for a full clearance. The disease has existed throughout the history, and BCG vaccine has been developed to control the spreading. Most developed countries have successfully eradicated TB. However, Indonesia is currently ranked second place for this disease, making it as a pressing matter to eradicate. This study is conducted to investigate and gather deep insights about the problems in eradicating TB in Indonesia. Identify part of the biodesign method is employed in the study to elucidate the complexity of healthcare issue of TB in Indonesia. The study discovered that there are three pillars’ sectors need to be addressed: education, healthcare facilities and services, and government. For successful eradication, synergistic approach to all pillars at the same time are essential. The needs statements formulated in this study could be the stem of innovation in TB.
Phytochemical Screening and Therapeutic Effects of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Leaves
Authors: Salim Angeline , Kristanto Dandy Felix , Subianto Felicia , Sundah Janice Evita , Jamaica Putri Avanny , Angelika Tiara , Maulida Nurul Fajry
Published: April 2022

In this review, the function of secondary metabolites in Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) leaves were summarized for their therapeutic effects such as antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, lowering the blood pressure, and antihyperlipidemic activity as a potential medicinal plant to treat disease. The phytochemical screening of Binahong leaves extracted by using particular solvent showed positive results to the presence of phenolic, steroid, terpenoid, alkaloid, and saponin compounds contained in the extract. The antimicrobial activity is able to disrupt cell membrane activity and inhibit bacterial growth, meanwhile anti-inflammatory ability is able to decrease anti-inflammatory agents level. It also decreases blood pressure by regulation of lipid metabolites, reduction of peripheral resistance, and upregulation of nitric oxide activity. The ethanolic extract of Binahong leaves can reduce fat deposits or layers in the endothelial cells, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, and decrease the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA formation) from the lipid peroxidation to prevent hyperlipidemia and heart disease.
Comparison of Weight Reduction and Water Loss for Convective and Osmo-convective Dehydrated Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg)
Authors: Mas Muhammad Abdurrahman , Larasati Laurensia Citra
Published: April 2022

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg), a tropical fruit commonly found in Indonesia, contains a well balanced nutritional content. However, breadfruit has a rapid respiration rate which causes the fruit to be underutilized, leading to breadfruit becoming food waste. Convective dehydration is an effective method in slowing down the respiration rate, however, heat exposure can reduce the nutritional content of the breadfruit. The combination of osmotic pre-treatment and convective dehydration act as an alternative to achieve a similar outcome with a shorter amount of thermal exposure. This study aims to perform a study in determining the effectiveness of an osmotic treatment with 50° Brix sugar solution compared to convective dehydration on breadfruit. The results indicate that as expected, the weight reduction (WR) of the osmo-convective samples is lower where the WR is 80.680% for convective dehydrated samples and 57.190% osmo-convective dehydrated samples. The water loss (WL) is statistically similar where WL of osmo-convective dehydrated samples was 18.315% compared to WL of the convective dehydrated samples 19.836%. The higher WR in the osmo-convective treatments show that there is sugar uptake into the fruit, while the similar water loss indicates the same reduction in moisture content between treatments. These results show the potential benefit of applying osmo-convective treatments to breadfruit. However, the research is still in the early stages of development. There are additional parts of the research and parameters that need to be optimized and explored in the future.
Effect of Subtitution of Texturized Vegetable Protein Using Tempeh Towards Nutrional and Textural Quality Of Plant-Based Nuggets
Authors: Indriani Widya , Crespo Ivan , Dewi Desak Putu Ariska Pradnya , Insani Rayyane Mazaya Syifa
Published: April 2022

The development of Plant-based Meat Alternatives (PBMAs) has been focused on mimicking the textural, taste, appearance, aroma, and nutritional properties of real meat products. Texturized Vegetable Protein (TVP) has been widely used in food applications to construct plant-based meat products. However, the high energy cost to produce TVP leaves the price of TVP quite expensive. Therefore, this experiment aims to see the effect of tempeh as an alternative to TVP on the nutritional and textural properties of plant-based nuggets (PBNs). In total, five PBN treatments were analyzed and compared to chicken nuggets for their nutritional and textural properties. The treatments were 1) C1: control (hung + ground TVP), 2) Hung TVP and tempeh (HT), 3) Ground TVP and tempeh (GT), 4) Tempeh only (TT), and 5) Hung TVP, ground TVP, and tempeh (HGT). From the results, all plant-based nugget treatments had significantly higher (p<0.05) protein and moisture content and lower fat content than commercial chicken nuggets. Whereas for textural properties, except C1 and HGT, all other PBN treatments had poorer hardness than commercial chicken nuggets. Overall, the addition or substitution of tempeh on hung and ground TVP treated PBN did not affect the protein, fat, and moisture content of PBNs, but significantly produced better nutritional properties than chicken nugget. In terms of textural properties, combination of Hung TVP, ground TVP, and tempeh provide the desirable textural properties as it can be comparable to chicken nuggets.
Processing Condition and Properties of Protein Isolates from Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) and Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)
Authors: Dewi Desak Putu Ariska Pradnya
Published: April 2022

Mung bean and quinoa are good sources of protein from legumes and pseudo cereals respectively. Both sources have relatively high protein content and acceptable amino acids composition. The potential and application of mung bean and quinoa as protein isolates have been discovered in some studies. Several isolation techniques such as wet fractionation (acid-base extraction), micellization, dry fractionation, aqueous separation or combination of some techniques can be used to isolate protein. This review summarized different methods and processing conditions applied during production of mung bean and quinoa protein isolates. Extracting protein from different sources may require different conditions, which results in different compositions and functional properties. Acid-base extraction is the most common method applied in mung bean and quinoa and results in high protein purity and yields. Micellization is an alternative method used in mung bean to produce higher protein content. Dry fractionation is a sustainable option used in quinoa to concentrate protein fractions. Purification methods such as ultrafiltration and aqueous phase separation can be used. Different methods and processing conditions affect functional properties, including solubility, water and oil absorption, emulsification, foaming, thermal properties of isolates, which also affect the suitable application for isolates.

Keywords: Protein isolates; Quinoa; Mung bean; Wet fractionation; Dry fractionation
DEVELOPMENT OF TEST CORPUS WITH LARGE VOCABULARY FOR TURKISH SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEM AND A NEW TEST PROCEDURE
Authors: OYUCU Saadin
Published: April 2022

The most fundamental problem in the automatic speech recognition systems is not the development of a domainspecific automatic speech recognition system, but the development of an automatic speech recognition system with a large vocabulary. Developed automatic speech recognition systems should be tested with a large vocabulary test dataset. For this reason, an automatic speech recognition test corpus was prepared within the scope of the study. Prepared automatic speech recognition test corpus includes conversations from 20 different areas and text files of these conversations. The test procedure presented in the study was also tested on Turkish automatic speech recognition systems with a large vocabulary. It has been observed that the word error rate results ranged between 14-21%. The test corpus and test procedure with a large vocabulary prepared are guiding for the success of automatic speech recognition systems in future studies to be revealed more clearly.
Diagnostic accuracy of sonographic transvaginal ovarian biophysical profile as a predictor of infertility taking transvaginal ultrasound as a gold standard
Authors: Sughra Syeda Khadija- tul , Gilani Syed Amir , Hanif Asif , Butt Sabar , Gilani Aima , Hasan Zain-ul , Awais Waheeda , Bacha Raham
Published: April 2022

Ovarian biophysical profile refers to assessment of ovaries to produce a successful conception and implantation environment. The ovarian scoring system for reproduction comprises the following parameters, taken in mid-cycle: ovarian volume, follicular size, and ovarian artery Doppler flow Resistive index and pulsatility index. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of sonographic transvaginal ovarian biophysical profile as a predictor of infertility taking transvaginal ultrasound as gold standard. Material and methods: The study comprised women visiting the department with diagnosed infertility for treatment during the period of two years. A total of 550 cycles were inducted primarily referred for ovarian assessment by ultrasound with patent tubes and normal utero-ovarian morphology. All those women having no conception with normal semen analysis of their husbands. Male factor infertility was also excluded. Baseline transvaginal sonography (TVS) was performed at proliferative phase, of the cycle. Mature follicles were studied by TVS. On an individual basis, the following parameters, that is, follicle size, ovarian volume and ovarian artery Doppler Pulsatility index, Resistive index were studied. Follicle size and ovarian artery Doppler flow were highly significant for a pregnancy. Results: The Ovarian biophysical profile was determined by applying the ovarian scoring system for reproduction (OSSR). In this research we compare infertile females with fertile. Out of 550 patients 243 (44.18%) patients were infertile and 307 (55.82%) were normal were discussed, as for as the primary infertile females were 99 (18.00%) and secondary infertile females were 144 (26.18%) and normal were 307 (55.82%). Out of five hundred and fifty cycles 331 woman had a perfect ovarian biophysical profile score of 10. The mean score of fertile was 9.39 ±1.56 and in infertile female was 7.05±2.55. The p- values <0.001. The sensitivity and specificity of ovarian biophysical profile at cut off value 1is 100% and 0.04%. The sensitivity and specificity of ovarian biophysical profile at cut off value 8 it can be consider to rule out in future with 85.3% and 63.8% respectively. Conclusions: Ovarian scoring system for reproduction (OSSR) can prove to be a simple, diagnostic and authentic score to predict the ovarian environment and thereby helping in the prediction of the outcome in infertility. Six out of the nine parameters were found to be high score to predict a pregnancy all by themselves, but these parameters needed expertise and better instrumentation for evaluation. Of the remaining three parameters, two was same or equal on an individual basis and one was found to be not significant.
Effects of German Volume Training on Muscle Strength and Muscle Hypertrophy
Authors: Butt Muhammad Zeeshan , Iqbal Yasmeen , Ahmad Bilal
Published: April 2022

Strength training is a kind of practice intended to enhance muscle strength and hypertrophy. To maximize these training adaptations, the appropriate modulation of resistance training variables is needed. Objective: To measure the effect of resistance training on muscle strength and hypertrophy between two groups, group A (05 sets) vs. group B (10 sets) over a period of 14 weeks of training. Methods: The data was collected from gym goers at the University of Lahore, aged between 18-25 years, and had experience of resistance training at a recreational level for one year. Twenty trained athletes were incorporated and purposive sampling was used in this study. The training intervention was conducted over three sessions in a week with one day of transition period for proper recovery from fatigue due to high intensity training. Session one consisted of chest and upper back exercises, session two consisted of leg exercises, and session three contained arms and shoulder exercises. The baseline characteristics of both groups were assessed at the initial stage, including age, height, and total body mass, and after training, the paired-samples t-test was used to assess the mean difference between both groups. Results: The mean difference for paired-samples t-test for anterior thigh muscle thickness of group A was -1.900 while group B had -4.900. Similarly, in strength, the mean difference for paired-samples test for1RM leg press of group A was -39.600 whereas group B had -29.800. The results showed that group A gained significant muscle hypertrophy and strength as compared to group B. Conclusion: It was found that 5 sets on each muscle group in a week with three workout sessions showed better results in order to enhance muscle hypertrophy and strength
Comparative Effects of Exergaming and Treadmill Training on Balance and Mobility in Patients with Chronic Stroke
Authors: Wahid Sidra , Zahoor Idrees Ahmed , Mehmood Sajid , Rana Arif Ali , Awan Noman Ghaffar , Raza Ali
Published: April 2022

Stroke is the chief cause of death and disability in the world that led toward impaired balance and mobility. Treatments that provide feedback, increase practice with multiple repetitions, and motivate patients are essential for rehabilitation after stroke. Objective: To determine whether playing video gaming exercises or treadmill training is better for balance and mobility post-stroke. Methods: A total of sixteen chronic stroke patients were randomly allocated to either the gaming or control groups. In this group patients were given visual feedback that was displayed on the screen. Participants played games for six weeks, work for 40 minutes per day, three days per week the therapy consisted solely of standing-up gameplay with no baseline therapy.  The control group training with baseline treatment for six weeks, work for 40 minutes per day, three days per week. Both groups were tested earlier the study following intervention later 6 weeks. The Berg Balance Scale and TUG were used as outcome measures (Timed Up and Go test). Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the groups when analyzed post-treatment, but some significant differences were found within the group. By assuming equal variances and degree of freedom 14, there was no statistically significant difference, the p-value for BBS before VR was .170, and after VR was.686. However, the p-value for BBS before TT was .830, and after TT was .731. For TUG p-value before VR was .264   and after VR was .571. the p-Value for TUG before TT was .908 and after .416. The difference of mean for BBS before VR was .250 and after VR was 1.250 compared before TT 1.00000 and after 2.2500. For TUG, before VR was -1.000 and after VR was -2.250 comparing TUG pre-TT was -.62500 and post TT was -.3750. Conclusion: Although there was no statistical distinction between the two categories, the gamers were more excited and driven to be involved in the intervention for a longer period of time. Before considerable gains in commercially available general-purpose games may be realized, therapist guidance in developing more optimal movement choices may be required.
Piriformis Syndrome: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Tanveer Fahad
Published: April 2022

Piriformis Syndrome (PS) also correlates with the other medical diseases during the outlook of the syndrome in the clinical settings, because it may be similar to primary sacral dysfunction, lumbarradiculopathy or innominate dysfunction. For the identification of the syndrome, it needs to have the knowledge of structure and function of the piriformis muscle and its relationship with the sciatic nerve. The clinician’s review the clinical conditions and anatomical features of this condition, encapsulating the osteopathic medical approach to management and diagnosis. In holistic approach, the detail requires the examination of the neurological history of the patient which contains the pathological content of the piriformis syndrome.
PS is a kind of sciatica which occurs due to a compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle. This cause of sciatica is not very frequent but it is still significant. Its diagnosis is not easy due to overlapping of symptoms of other conditions of low back and pelvic region pain. An ultrasound-guided injection technique renders a much improved accuracy to locate the piriformis muscle. An interdisciplinary evaluation is recommended for the optimization of diagnosis and treatment approach [1]. Treatment of PS has always been focusing on physical therapy and stretching. However, the refractory patients receive anesthesia and corticosteroid injections in piriformis muscle. The use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of PS is also popular, it relieves the compression in sciatic nerve [2].
Exergaming and Treadmill Training in Stroke Patients
Authors: Tanveer Fahad
Published: April 2022

Treadmill training is nowadays considered more efficient in improving balance and mobility rather than simply walking on an even surface. In patients with chronic stroke, changes in cortico-motor excitability are induced to improve balance and gait performance. There is simple treadmill training that can enhance and motivate patients to walk but treadmill training with body support is safer and more comfortable for patients. In one study the effect of treadmill therapy with the optic flow on balance control and gait training helps the patients of stroke in regaining functional independence in the community. Outcome measures were used that were Time Up and Go test, Functional Reach Test (FRT), 10-minute walk test, and 6- minute walk test. It proved a better result for patients with chronic stroke [1]. Apart from gait training, treadmill training may be able to help in balance dysfunction in most individuals who have to complain of stroke [2]. It enhances the balance and mobility skills of chronic stroke patients. Treadmill training motivates the subject to give better physical performance after stroke. Exercise video games are an innovative idea not commonly used in Pakistan for stroke rehabilitation. Both these techniques are used to enhance motivation and self-confidence in walking and maintaining balance. It keeps the subject engaged in physical therapy sessions for a long time after stroke. Thus, video games and treadmill training are used in various clinical settings for stroke rehabilitation. A combination of both these techniques would help decrease balance and mobility impairments through effective use of Exergaming and Treadmill training in patients suffering from a stroke in the chronic phase. This study would help the therapists across the locality to enlist a better management approach to treat subjects with chronic stroke.
Por que somos Anarquistas?
Authors: Reclus Élisée
Published: April 2022

Texto de 1889, intitulado “Pourquoi nous sommes anarchistes”.

Traduzido por Rui Ribeiro de Campos (PUC-Campinas).
A cidade de poucos: condomínios fechados e a privatização do espaço público em Campinas
Authors: Melgaço Lucas
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo discute a tendência de privatização do espaço e de produção de novas fragmentações intraurbanas através da criação dos chamados condomínios fechados. Nele são descritos diferentes tipos de enclausuramento urbano e é questionada a legalidade de alguns desses empreendimentos. O tênue limite entre legalidade e ilegalidade fica evidente através da apresentação de casos de fechamento de ruas em que loteamentos antes abertos são transformados em “loteamentos fechados” ou “cinturões de segurança”. A partir de observações em campo, mapas e fotografias da cidade de Campinas (SP) são discutidos os desdobramentos e as consequências que tais formas urbanas podem trazer para a coletividade.
Lógica das commodities, finanças e cafeicultura
Authors: Frederico Samuel
Published: April 2022

O artigo tem como objetivo principal substantivar a noção de lógica das commodities, entendida não apenas como uma invenção econômico-financeira, mas também como uma expressão político-geográfica. Para isso, parte-se da transformação do café de um produto exótico à principal commodity agrícola mundial no final do século XIX. Para depois, no atual período da globalização, analisar o controle exercido pelas empresas torrefadoras e tradings sobre a produção cafeeira e a volatilidade dos preços provocada pela crescente especulação financeira. Dessa forma, tenta-se demonstrar como os produtores locais estão submetidos a uma lógica externa que não podem prever e nem mesmo controlar.
A restauração do conhecimento geológico e geomorfológico: reflexões epistemológicas
Authors: Francisco Alyson Bueno
Published: April 2022

Este artigo visa apresentar uma revisão sobre a história epistemológica da Geologia e das concepções de Davis na Geomorfologia, tendo como embasamento a filosofia de Francis Bacon. Durante sua sistematização, a Geologia esteve dependente de concepções teóricas relacionadas à mitologia greco-romana e aos dogmas cristãos. Entretanto, com a realização dos trabalhos de campo, os geólogos passaram a questionar estas teorias dedutivas e intuitivas para garantir a cientificidade da Geologia. Partindo da importância do resgate empírico a partir da investigação científica pelos fatos particulares, idealizada por Bacon, busca-se o questionamento das dependências teóricas na Geologia e na Geomorfologia e propõe-se a necessidade de prática empírica e experimental com os exemplos da Geologia de Engenharia e do planejamento ambiental na Geomorfologia. O diálogo entre as ciências a partir de experiências de campo é fundamental na restauração das Geociências, diante do atual cenário de busca pela recuperação ambiental e pelo diagnóstico das condições ambientais para orientar as políticas pelo conhecimento científico aprimorado com o avanço das geotecnologias.
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia as a marker of aggravation of arterial hypertension
Authors: Nurmakhanova Zhanna , Zhubatkanova Zhanar , Musayev Abdugani , Tokbergenova Sveta , Kalmenova Perizat , Kalmenova Gulzhamal , Kylyshbekova Gulzhamal , Lulayeva Emina ,   NcJSC ”Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov,   Kazakh National Medical University named after N.N. S.D. Asfendiyarov”,   International Kazakh-Turkish University named after H.A. Yasawi,   International Kazakh-Turkish University named after H.A. Yasawi,   International Kazakh-Turkish University named after H.A. Yasawi,   Kazakh National Medical University named after N.N. S.D. Asfendiyarov”
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Elevated serum uric acid (UA) concentration is considered to be as one of the factors contributing to endothelial dysfunction. However, it does not lead to clinical manifestations, so it is called asymptomatic hyperuricemia (ASH). The aim of the investigation was to study the effect of ASH on arterial hypertension (AH) followed by its correction. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of patients with AH undergoing inpatient treatment was performed. The control group of patients received standard hypotensive therapy. Although, the main group received standard therapy combined with urate-reducing therapy. Results. Comparative analysis showed that hypotensive therapy was effective in both investigated groups. By the way, index of the main group experienced better results, i.e., the systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by 18 Hg (11.6%) compared to the control group. In terms of diastolic blood pressure (DBP), it is dropped by 11.8 Hg (12,1%). The positive effect of urate-reducing therapy is the reason for rising efficiency of the therapy at all. Moreover, significant decrease of UA level was experienced from both researched groups. It averaged 38,3 mmol/l, which is 39.2% of the original result. Conclusion. Thus, the adverse effect of ASH on BP in patients with AH can be compensated by prescription of additional urate-reducing therapy to hypotensive drugs, which helps to reduce the adverse effect of ASH. The obtained data should be taken into account when physicians implement a disease management program.
ACCEPTANCE OF COVID-19 VACCINE AND PATTERN OF SIDE EFFECTS IN NEPALESE CONTEXT: A POSTVACCINE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Adhikari Parash , Adhikari Kishor , Gauli Basanta , Sitaula Deekshanta
Published: April 2022

Background: First phase of COVID-19 vaccination was initiated in Nepal in January 2021 tar­geting the frontline health care workers. Vaccine side effects have a significant role in public confidence regarding the vaccine and its uptake. We aimed to determine the acceptability and explore the side effects of first dose of ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 (Covishield) vaccine among the health care workers of Chitwan Medical College.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among the health care workers at Chitwan Medi­cal College. Total enumeration sampling technique was used and a self-constructed questionnaire was circulated among the health care workers to self-report their socio-demographic information and vaccination experience. Chi square test was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sci­ences version 20 for statistical analysis and p-value<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Out of 589 respondents, 537 (91.2%) had received the first dose of Covishield vaccine among which, 424 (78.9%) reported one or more side effects. Majority of them had very mild systemic side effects (55.9%) and injection site related side effects (25.2%). The side effects were more prevalent in <30 years age group than >30 years age group.
Conclusions: Most of the vaccine recipients had very mild side effects which showed that Cov­ishield vaccine has a good safety profile.
MAXIMUM MOUTH OPENING OF CHILDREN IN NEWARI POPULATION OF BHAKTAPUR
Authors: Joshi Ujjwal , Poudyal Sijan , Hekka Srijana , Lawaju Nita , Pradhan Megha
Published: April 2022

Background: Mouth opening is an everyday activity which plays a vital role for mastication and speech. Restricted mouth opening may be associated with musculoskeletal disorder or some pathology in the masticatory system or due to orofacial infections and trauma, as well as chronic condition such as disorders of the temporomandibular joint and tumors. So, den­tist are concerned about their patient’s ability to open the mouth for oral examination and dental procedures. This study was aimed to measure the maximum mouth opening among the Newari children of Bhaktapur.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the Newari school children of Bhaktapur with a sample size of 250 subjects. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.
Results: Among the participants, one hundred and nineteen (47.6%) were male while 131 (52.4%) were female. The mean maximum mouth opening seen in male was 41.61 ± 6.21mm and in female was 40.22 ± 5.85 mm. The mean maximum mouth opening in 3 to 5 years age group was 33.19 ± 4.24 mm, 6 to 8 years age group was 37.92 ± 4.34 mm, 9 to 11 years age group was 43.47 ± 4.73 mm, and 12 to 14 years age group was 45.30 ± 3.99 mm. Mouth opening differences among differ­ent gender was compared which showed male had wider mouth opening but the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusions: The maximum mouth opening in boys was slightly large than girls. The base line data was achieved in our study which needs to be validated further by conducting study in larger population.
POTENTIAL RISKS OF COVID-19 AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS
Authors: Shakya Nona , Gaire Bipula , Khadka Shanti , Nepal Manju
Published: April 2022

Background: Healthcare workers have a potential risk of COVID-19 as they are at the front line of the COVID-19 outbreak response. This study aimed to assess the potential risk of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers at COVID -19 treatment center.
Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study design was undertaken to conduct this study. A snowball networking sampling method was used to select the participants. Total 387 health care workers participated in the study from July 18, 2020 to September 22, 2020. The WHO COVID-19 risk assessment tool was used to collect data from study participants. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics binary logistic regression were done through SPSS 16 version.
Results: There was a high level of occupational exposure (88.9%) to the COVID-19 virus and a higher potential risk of COVID-19 infection (75%) among exposed healthcare workers. Among those who had occupational exposure 7% and 21 % did not use personal protective equipment during healthcare interaction and performing aerosol generating procedures respectively. Male healthcare workers, registered nurses, medical doctors, and auxiliary nurse midwives were found the potential risk of COVID-19 infection. Healthcare workers with less supply of PPE had three times higher potential risk of COVID-19 infection.
Conclusions: Healthcare workers had a higher occupational exposure and higher potential risk of COVID 19 infection. Healthcare workers had poor adherence to infection prevention and control measures. Healthcare workers should ensure proper use of personal protective equipment and adherence to infection control measures and adequate supply of PPE must be there to protect the healthcare workers from COVID-19 infection.
AGE AT MENARCHE AND BODY MASS INDEX AMONG SCHOOL GOING ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN BHARATPUR METROPOLITAN CITY CHITWAN
Authors: Bhusal Pujan , Khatiwada Sushma , Poudyel Pragati
Published: April 2022

Background: Menarche is a milestone for adolescent girls. The age of menarche is influenced by genetic, social status, place, race, ethnicity, nutritional and physical activity. There have been many studies on age at menarche but very few in this part of the country. This study aimed to assess the age of menarche and Body mass index among school going adolescent girls in Bharatpur Metropolitan city Chitwan.
Methods: Total participants of 163 adolescent girls in this cross-section study were chosen from three private schools of Bharatpur Metropolitan city during June-September 2021. A pre-tested self-administrated questionnaire for menarche and anthropometric measurements were carried out for body mass index. The data were then entered to Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS, version 20) for the analysis.
Results: The study revealed that the age at menarche ranged from 10-14 years of age. BMI of students ranged from 14.68-40.26 with 47.2% of the study population being a healthy weight. Girls having the habit of exercise/yoga attained menarche at 12years or after 12 years whereas girls having no habit had their menarche before 12 years of age.
Conclusions: Our finding from the present study forms a baseline to estimate the mean age of menarche. Physically, inactive adolescents were more likely to see menarche earlier than the average age. Many girls were seen overweight as well. Regular exercise and a healthy life style need to be promoted among school going adolescent.
MICROLEAKAGE IN MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE AND BIODENTINE AS ORTHOGRADE APICAL PLUGS IN PERMANENT TEETH SIMULATED WITH OPEN APICES: AN IN-VITRO EVALUATION
Authors: Thapaliya Bidhya , Koul Monika Verma , Upadhyay Vinod Kumar , Khare Abhishek
Published: April 2022

Background: The divergent apical architecture makes complete debridement and holding of the obturating material within the root canal impossible as no apical barrier exists, which may result in a canal that is susceptible to leakage. The aim of the study was to evaluate the apical microleakage of MTA AngelusR and BiodentineTM when used as orthograde apical plugs.
Methods: Sixty extracted sound human anterior teeth simulated with open apices were equally distributed in two groups viz group A [MTA AngelusR (Mfd by Angelus, Brazil)] and group B [BiodentineTM (Mfd by Septodont, France)]. Apical microleakage in both groups was evaluated using dye penetration method. Dye penetration data of two independent groups were summarized as Mean ± SE (standard error of the mean) and compared by independent Student’s t test. A two-tailed (α=2) p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Apical microleakage of MTA AngelusR [Group A] ranged from 1.30 to 3.10 mm with mean (± SE) 2.16 ± 0.10 mm and median 2.05 mm whereas in BiodentineTM [Group B] it ranged from 0.20 to 1.20 mm with mean (± SE) 0.68 ± 0.06 mm and median 0.60 mm. Sealing ability of Group B (BiodentineTM) was significantly better (p<0.001) and 68.5% higher than Group A (MTA AngelusR).
Conclusions: Both the materials exhibited microleakage. There was a significant difference ( P˂ 0.001) between the two groups and BiodentineTM showed to have less apical microleakage than MTA AngelusR.
BIRTH WEIGHT AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG LIVE BIRTHS AT CHITWAN MEDICAL COLLEGE, NEPAL
Authors: Chhetri Mamta , Tripathi Garima , Joshi Rakshya , Koirala Subash , Chapagain Shakuntala , Subedi Moni
Published: April 2022

Background: Birth weight or size at birth is an essential indicator of the child’s vulnerability to the risk of childhood illnesses and diseases. Birth weight also predicts a child’s future health, growth, psychosocial development, and chances of survival. This study aimed to assess birth weight among live births in Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital.
Methods: A Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted using face-to-face interviews in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital. A total of 153 women giving live births were considered as a sample. The data was collected from14 August to 13 September. We used the Pearson’s Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis to assess the factors influencing birth weight among women giving live births in Chitwan Medical College
Results: Among 153 women giving live births, birth weight of newborn among live births 119(77.8%) had normal birth weight, 31(20.3%)low birth weight, 3(2%) very low birth weight. Result shows that birth weight among live births differ significantly with [ethnicity (OR=1.94;CI(0.7-5.39)], [family income (OR=1.72(0.20-14.81)], [weeks of pregnancy (OR=2.01;(0.99-8.46)], [birth interval(OR=2.45(0.39-15.34)], [planned pregnancy (OR=1.26(0.33-4.73)], [any chronic disease(OR=1.72(0.97-4.58)], [diet in pregnancy (OR=2.11(0.20-15.07)], [ANC check-up(OR=6.75(2.44-18.64)].
Conclusions: Almost one-fourth of live births had low birth weight. Multiple arrays of factors were associated with birth weight, which must be addressed. Adequate antenatal care visits integrated with nutritional supplementation and family planning services should be a focus to reduce low birth weight among live births.
Comparación entre edad cronológica y dental según tres métodos de estimación en una población peruana
Authors: Perales Quito Liz Mónica , Huaman Ñahuinlla Andrea Gianella , León Ríos Ximena Alejandra , Caballero García Carmen Stefany , Agurto Huerta Marco Andrés
Published: April 2022

Las técnicas de estimación de edad dental tienen gran importancia en la evaluación odontológica, específicamente en el área de ortodoncia, académica y forense. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la edad dental según los métodos de Demirjian, Nolla y Cameriere con la edad cronológica en una población peruana. El diseño del estudio es de tipo observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal y retrospectivo; tuvo una población total de 578 radiografías panorámicas de sujetos de 6 a 14 años, en las cuales se calculó la diferencia de medias de un estudio previo y, finalmente, fueron seleccionadas 193 de forma aleatoria. Se compararon la edad cronológica (EC) y la edad dental (ED) según los métodos de Nolla, Demirjian y Cameriere, utilizando las Pruebas de Rangos de Wilcoxon y Kruskall Wallis. Las medias de la EC fueron de 8,77±2,34 y 8,90±2,04 años para el género femenino y masculino, respectivamente. Las diferencias de medias de la EC y ED, de acuerdo con los métodos Nolla, Demirjian y Cameriere, fue de -0,38, 0,96 y -0,29 años, respectivamente, para la muestra total de estudio. Se encontró una correlación positiva para los tres métodos estudiados; sin embargo, el método de Demirjian mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa con una subestimación de -0,91 años en la muestra total. Asimismo, el método de Cameriere fue el que tuvo más cercanía a la edad cronológica.
VENEZUELA EM PEDAÇOS: TRANSIÇÃO POLÍTICA, ECONÔMICA, SOCIAL E IDEOLÓGICA A PARTIR DE UMA ABORDAGEM GEOPOLÍTICA
Authors: Ventura Ferreira Souza Wilians , Virgens Cordeiro da Silva Kayque , De Paiva Silva Fabricio
Published: April 2022

Longe de ser uma nação democraticamente estável, os conflitos quepermeiam sua trajetória estão intrinsicamente ligados a disputa de poder no país e aingerência estrangeira de diferentes formas e intensidades. Na maior parte do tempogovernado por setores não progressistas, a ascensão de Hugo Chávez à presidênciae a continuidade do governo com Nicolás Maduro ameaçaram os interesses da elitelocal e internacional. Dono da maior reserva atual de petróleo do mundo, o país seencontra atualmente em um caos no tabuleiro da geopolítica mundial, muito em funçãodo posicionamento claramente nacionalista em relação a essa commoditie queproporcionou, no início dos anos 2000, a ascensão de uma classe antes esquecidano que se refere a políticas de inclusão e distribuição de renda, confrontando osinteresses imperialistas e deflagrando verdadeiras disputas territoriais que ora seapresentaram mais violentas a partir de estratégias e técnicas de combate, ora maissilenciosas a partir do que a bibliografia compreende como guerras hibridas a partirda ascensão de grupos de extrema direita em alguns países latino-americanos. Nossoobjetivo é discutir a temática Venezuela e a sua posição no tabuleiro geopolítico,entendemos que dado assunto produz questionamentos e se apresenta de formapolêmica, entretanto, nos esforçamos para provocar e apresentar elementos históricose geográficos que possibilitam a leitura das potencialidades, fragilidades econtradições. Para alcançar o objetivo alvitrado, realizamos levantamentobibliográfico, pesquisa documental e discussões constantes em torno de temas como:geopolítica do petróleo, imperialismo, teorias geopolíticas, etc.
TRAJETÓRIA E IMPORTÂNCIA DO ESTALEIRO VEROLME NA INDÚSTRIA NAVAL BRASILEIRA
Authors: Guedes de Jesus Claudiana , Lima da Silva Luana
Published: April 2022

Esse artigo descreveu a trajetória do estaleiro Verolme em Angra dos Reis/RJ, desde sua instalação em 1959 até auge histórico em 1979, destacando sua importância na indústria naval brasileira com a análise da evolução de indicadores de produção e trabalho. Utilizamos como base metodológica a pesquisa qualitativa, com base na revisão da literatura e análise de informações através de dados secundários de duas principais fontes a Relação Anual de Informações Sociais do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (RAIS/MTE) e o Sindicato Nacional da Indústria de Construção e Reparação Naval e Offshore (SINAVAL). O Brasil em 1979, foi o segundo maior parque naval mundial, atrás apenas do Japão, havia um total de 39,2 mil trabalhadores navais no país, sendo 12 mil somente no estaleiro Verolme em Angra dos Reis. O Verolme foi durante mais de trinta anos o maior estaleiro do país. A justificativa dessa pesquisa está no fato da escassez de estudos acadêmicos analisando o a indústria naval e os mesmos seus diversos estaleiros. Descrever a história, analisar os indicadores de produção e trabalho e sistematizar os apontamentos da trajetória do estaleiro Verolme serve de base para pesquisas futuras sobre plantas produtivas navais nacionais e internacionais.