bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-creating Value in the Scandinavian Welfare System: Matching Elderly Care in a Major Swedish Municipality
Authors: Loodin Henrik , Nordgren Lars , Wigner Leifland Catharina
Published: February 2025

The concept of a socially sustainable society is linked to the notion of equal access to high-quality welfare services and an equitable distribution of common resources. The rationale behind the introduction of private actors to provide welfare services is that greater choice will result in higher quality of service for individuals, achieved through a co-creation process. The purpose of this study is to examine the processes through which value is co-created when elderly are admitted to retirement homes. The study answers the following questions: (1) how do individual expectations differ between the applicants? and (2) how do the employees take the applicants’ expectations into account when allocating the resources available? This study, conducted between november and december 2014, combines surveys with elderly who apply for a retirement home and interviews with employees at the municipality. Our study show that co-creation is related to intangible aspects, pragmatic alignment in resource integration, and conflicts between interests.
Battery-free head orientation measurement using passive RFID tags
Authors: Jo Jeyeon , Park Heeju T.
Published: February 2025

Real-time measurement of head rotation, a primary human body movement, offers potential advantages in rehabilitating head or neck motor disorders, promoting seamless human–robot interaction, and tracking the lateral glance of children with autism spectrum disorder for effective intervention. However, existing options such as cameras capturing the entire face or skin-attached sensors have limitations concerning privacy, safety, and/or usability. This research introduces a novel method that employs a battery-free RFID tag-based wearable sensor for monitoring head orientation, as a substitute for the existing options like camera. By attaching a pair of passive RFID tags to the front of the head at a specific distance from each other, the signal strength of each tag within the pair differs based on the discrepancy in distance from the RFID reader caused by head rotation. Important parameters including distance between the tags, distance from the reader, and tag types, are investigated to suggest optimal sensor design. In tests involving random head rotations by 10 healthy adults, there was a significant correlation between the orientation of the head and gaze in the yaw direction and the differences in signal strength from the sensor pairs. The correlation coefficients (

$ {r}^2 $

) were satisfactory, at 0.88 for head and 0.83 for left eye pupil orientations. However, the sensor failed to estimate pitch rotations for head and gaze, due to the insufficient vertical spacing between the tags. No demographic factors appeared to influence the results.
Quantifying Impacts of Vegetation Greenness Change on Drought Over Global Vegetation Zones
Authors: Sun Shanlei , Bi Zaoying , Mu Mengyuan , Liu Yi , Zhang Yifang , Li Jinjian , Liu Yibo , Zhou Yang , Zhou Botao , Chen Haishan
Published: February 2025

Changes in vegetation greenness have altered the regional terrestrial water cycle, yet their influence on drought remains unclear. To quantify the impact of vegetation greenness change on drought across global vegetation zones, this study conducted two simulations with and without linear trends in the Leaf Area Index (LAI), based on the Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) combined with the calibrated Shuttleworth‐Wallace potential evapotranspiration (PET) equation. Results revealed vegetation greening affected 71% of areas, and over 55% of areas experienced increases in PET, decreases in SPEI (indicating drying), and intensified drought conditions. The linear trends in LAI increased potential transpiration but decreased potential soil evaporation in most regions. The changes in drought are determined by the combined effects of these changes in potential transpiration and soil evaporation. This study highlights the critical role of vegetation greenness change in influencing drought.
Orography‐Induced Atmospheric Small‐Scale Waves During Bora Using Lidar Observations and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Wang Longlong , Mačak Marija Bervida , Stanič Samo , Patruno Luca , Dong Wenjun , Chen Daru
Published: February 2025

Atmospheric flow of cold air over mountain barriers in the Alpine region often gives a rise to strong and gusty downslope wind, Bora. Such flows are often accompanied by atmospheric waves, generated by the flow passing an elevated barrier. Such phenomenon can only rarely be observed visually and can generally not be reliably reproduced by simplified numerical models. Orography‐induced atmospheric small‐scale waves were experimentally observed on 25 January 2019 during a Bora outbreak in the Vipava valley, Slovenia. A vertical scanning lidar, positioned at the lee side of the Trnovski gozd mountain and a fixed direction lidar, 5 km apart in the Vipava valley, were used to characterize the density field. The flow exhibited a stationary jump after the mountain ridge and, superimposed, an oscillatory flow pattern. High‐resolution numerical simulations complemented the observations and supported experimental results on the flow periodicity but also on the wave structures and propagation characteristics.
SpiDa-MRI: behavioral and (f)MRI data of adults with fear of spiders
Authors: Zhang Mengfan , Karner Alexander , Kostorz Kathrin , Shea Sophia , Steyrl David , Melinscak Filip , Sladky Ronald , Lor Cindy Sumaly , Scharnowski Frank
Published: February 2025

Neuroimaging has greatly improved our understanding of phobic mechanisms. To expand on these advancements, we present data on the heterogeneity of neural patterns in spider phobia combined with various psychological dimensions of spider phobia, using spider-relevant stimuli of various intensities. Specifically, we have created a database in which 49 spider-fearful individuals viewed 225 spider-relevant images in the fMRI scanner and performed behavioral avoidance tasks before and after the fMRI scan. For each participant, the database consists of the neuroimaging part, which includes an anatomical scan, five passive-viewing, and two resting-state functional runs in both raw and pre-processed form along with associated quality control reports. Additionally, the behavioral section includes self-report questionnaires and avoidance tasks collected in pre- and post-sessions. The dataset is well suited for investigating neural mechanisms of phobias, brain-behavior correlations, and also contributes to the existing phobic neuroimaging datasets with spider-fearful samples.
α-spinasterol isolated from Achyranthes aspera L. ameliorates inflammation via NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways
Authors: Zeng Qiongli , Xiao Weiting , Zhang Heng , Liu Wei , Wang Xionglong , Li Zhen , Han Yue , Wang Zhi , Li Shunxiang , Yang Jinwei , Ouyang Wen
Published: February 2025

On the basis of previous studies, the low-polar part of Achyranthes aspera L. (A. aspera) had strong anti-inflammatory activity. Three compounds were isolated from the low polarity fraction of A. aspera, and their structures were identified as α-spinasterol (1), 7,8-dihydrospinasterol (2), 22,23-dihydrospinasterol (3). Among them, the content of α-spinasterol (1) in A. aspera was higher in the spring and winter seasons through HPLC methods, ranging from 0.0085 to 0.0157%. Futhermore, in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells inflammation model, α-spinasterol significantly reduced the levels of cytokines such as IL-6, PGE2 and TNF-α, inhibited the expression of COX-2, 5-LOX, p-IKKβ, p-NFκB and p-IkBα proteins, and promoted the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 proteins. Therefore, this study showed that α-spinasterol can inhibit LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells inflammation, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB pathway, activation of Nrf2 pathway, and reduction of excessive release of inflammatory factors.
Seagrass-rafted large benthic foraminifera transported into the deep Red Sea
Authors: Stuhr Marleen , Westphal Hildegard , Marchese Fabio , Mateu-Vicens Guillem , Giovenzana Francesca , Lüdmann Thomas , Vahrenkamp Volker , Taviani Marco
Published: February 2025

Large shallow-marine foraminifera tests occur in deep-sea carbonate sediments of the northern Red Sea as a minor but recurring component among the remains of otherwise pelagic and deep-marine benthic biogenic assemblages. In this study of sediments recovered along the northern shore of Saudi Arabia, the symbiont-bearing taxa Sorites variabilis, S. orbiculus, Amphisorus hemprichii, Amphistegina lobifera, A. lessonii and A. radiata were identified in samples from between 430 to 1,000 m depth. These foraminifera are dwelling in shallow-water environments, associated with coral reefs and seagrass habitats. The seemingly erratic occurrence of photosymbiotic benthic organisms in deep-sea sediments was explained by the finding of such foraminifera tests along with seagrass (e.g., Halophila leaves) and macroalgae remains in pristine preservational states in the sediment of the Umluj brine pool below ~ 638 m depth. This indicates a passive transport process by rafting attached to floating macrophytes to these off-platform settings. The abundant seagrass and oceanographic conditions along the Arabian Peninsula may facilitate the transport of epiphytes and associated taxa offshore. Such long-distance transport mechanisms could further contribute to the rapid (co-)dispersal of some of these organisms into new habitats. Passive rafting should thus be considered in interpretation of sedimentary records and biogeographic patterns.
Enhanced flux potential analysis links changes in enzyme expression to metabolic flux
Authors: Li Xuhang , Walhout Albertha J M , Yilmaz L Safak
Published: February 2025

Algorithms that constrain metabolic network models with enzyme levels to predict metabolic activity assume that changes in enzyme levels are indicative of flux variations. However, metabolic flux can also be regulated by other mechanisms such as allostery and mass action. To systematically explore the relationship between fluctuations in enzyme expression and flux, we combine available yeast proteomic and fluxomic data to reveal that flux changes can be best predicted from changes in enzyme levels of pathways, rather than the whole network or only cognate reactions. We implement this principle in an ‘enhanced flux potential analysis’ (eFPA) algorithm that integrates enzyme expression data with metabolic network architecture to predict relative flux levels of reactions including those regulated by other mechanisms. Applied to human data, eFPA consistently predicts tissue metabolic function using either proteomic or transcriptomic data. Additionally, eFPA efficiently handles data sparsity and noisiness, generating robust flux predictions with single-cell gene expression data. Our approach outperforms alternatives by striking an optimal balance, evaluating enzyme expression at pathway level, rather than either single-reaction or whole-network levels.
Repression of apelin Furin cleavage sites provides antimetastatic strategy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Demoures Béatrice , Soulet Fabienne , Descarpentrie Jean , Galeano-Otero Isabel , Sanchez Collado José , Casado Maria , Smani Tarik , González Alvaro , Alves Isabel , Lalloué Fabrice , Masri Bernard , Rascol Estelle , Dupuy Jean-William , Dourthe Cyril , Saltel Frédéric , Raymond Anne-Aurélie , Badiola Iker , Evrard Serge , Villoutreix Bruno , Pernot Simon , Siegfried Géraldine , Khatib Abdel-Majid
Published: February 2025

The adipokine apelin has been directly implicated in various physiological processes during embryogenesis and human cancers. Nevertheless, the importance of the conversion of its precursor proapelin to mature apelin in tumorigenesis remains unknown. In this study, we identify Furin as the cellular proprotein convertase responsible for proapelin cleavage. We explore the therapeutic potential of targeting proapelin cleavage sites in metastatic colorectal cancer by introducing apelin-dm, a modified variant resulting from alteration in proapelin cleavage sites. Apelin-dm demonstrates efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth, promoting cell death, suppressing angiogenesis, and early colorectal liver metastasis events. Proteomic analysis reveals reciprocal regulation between apelin and apelin-dm on proteins associated with clinical outcomes in colon cancer patients. Apelin-dm emerges as a modulator of apelin receptor dynamics, influencing affinity, internalization, and repression of apelin signaling linked to various protein kinases. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity assessments confirm the specificity, safety, and stability of apelin-dm, as well as its facile hepatic metabolism. These findings position targeting proapelin cleavage as a promising therapeutic strategy against metastatic colorectal cancer, paving the way for further clinical exploration.
Curcumin and vitamin D3 release from calcium phosphate enhances bone regeneration
Authors: Jo Yongdeok , Kushram Priya , Bose Susmita
Published: February 2025

Curcumin and vitamin D3 loaded calcium phosphate (CaP) implants improve in vivo osteogenesis and inhibit the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells.
Hydrogen bonding of H2O2 molecules in crystal structures of alkali metal and tetraethylammonium nitrate peroxosolvates
Authors: Medvedev Alexander G. , Mel'nik Elena A. , Mikhaylov Alexey A. , Mayorov Nikita S. , Tripol'skaya Tatiana A. , Lev Ovadia , Prikhodchenko Petr V. , Churakov Andrei V.
Published: February 2025

scXRD and solid-sate DFT studies of hydrogen bonding of H2O2 molecules in adducts with alkali metal and tetraethylammonium nitrates.
Machine learning-assisted design and prediction of materials for batteries based on alkali metals
Authors: Si Kexin , Sun Zhipeng , Song Huaxin , Jiang Xiangfen , Wang Xue-Bin
Published: February 2025

Since the commercialization of lithium ion batteries in 1990s, batteries based on alkali metals have been the promising candidates for energy storage. The performances of the batteries, in term of...
Structural characterisation and dynamics of a paramagnetic {Cr12Ni3} seahorse in non-crystalline phases
Authors: Geue Niklas , Hicks Emily , Lockyer Selena J. , Nawaz Selina , Churchill Olivia , Whitehead George F. S. , Timco Grigore A. , Burton Neil A. , Barran Perdita E. , Winpenny Richard E. P.
Published: February 2025

A paramagnetic seahorse-like compound was characterised in non-crystalline phases. While the molecule retains its crystal structure in powder and solution, it is highly dynamic in the gas phase.
Unveiling the redox mechanism of cerium doped in nickel for alkaline hydrogen evolution: a theoretical exploration
Authors: Chen Jun , Zhou Panwang
Published: February 2025

Pourbaix analysis of Ce@Ni in alkaline media shows Ce(OH)5@Ni as the most active HER phase via Volmer–Heyrovsky mechanism with a 0.43 eV barrier, demonstrating Ce doping’s catalytic enhancement of Ni.
Self-thermoregulating current collectors: built-in thermal protection for safe lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Peng Yitong , Meng Tao , Li Pingan , Li Rongxin , Hu Xianluo
Published: February 2025

A thermal-responsive phase change composite current collector provides self-actuated overheating protection for lithium-ion batteries, suppressing rapid temperature increases and preventing localized hot spots, thus improving battery safety.
Anode interphase design for fast-charging lithium-based rechargeable batteries
Authors: Wang Xiancheng , Chen Zihe , Liu Shiyu , Tu Shuibin , Zhan Renming , Wang Li , Sun Yongming
Published: February 2025

This review underscores the critical significance of outer and inner interphase designs of anode materials in pursuit of high-energy-density lithium-based rechargeable batteries with fast-charging capability.
Recent advances in thin film composite (TFC) membrane development: materials and modification methods
Authors: Saleh Ebraheem Abdu Musad , Kumar Abhinav , Alghazali Tawfeeq , Ganesan Subbulakshmi , Shankhyan Aman , Sharma Girish Chandra , Satyam Naidu Kandi , Rahbari-Sisakht Masoud
Published: February 2025

Interfacial polymerization in thin-film composite membrane fabrication is a key advancement, enabling high-performance membranes with optimal flux and salt rejection, attracting significant industry attention.
Surface imprinted microhelical magnetic polymer nanocomposite fibers for targeted lysozyme separation
Authors: Mohan Aakanksha , Ramanan Sutapa Roy
Published: February 2025

Magnetic microhelical structures have recently drawn attention as microswimmers capable of mimicking bacterial propulsion in the low Reynolds number regime.
Organoboron emitters with narrowband thermally activated delayed fluorescence for doped organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Zhao Tingting , A. Suru , Ma Yurong , Wang Nan , Su Zhongmin , Liu Fangbin
Published: February 2025

An organoboron compound showed narrowband photoluminescence spectra with a FWHM of less than 40 nm and demonstrated TADF in doped films.
The true atomistic structure of a disordered crystal: A computational study on the photon upconverting material β-NaYF4 and its Er3+-, Tm3+-, and Yb3+-doped derivates
Authors: Conrad Chris Steve Steve , Euchner Holger , Hemmer Eva , Fink Reinhold F
Published: February 2025

Hexagonal (β-) NaYF4 and LiYF4 doped with trivalent lanthanide ions (Ln3+, e.g., Er3+, Tm3+, and Yb3+) are well-known photon upconverting materials. This property is crucially determined by the precise location...
A modified MXene composite sensor with sulphur impurities for electrochemical detection of lead in the aqueous system
Authors: Sapna Km , Sharma Vartika , Kumar Manoj , Kulshrestha Vaibhav
Published: February 2025

Representation of low cost MXene based electrochemical sensor for lead detection.
Effectiveness of fullerene/magnesium oxide nanocomposite in removing ciprofloxacin and tetracycline from aqueous solutions
Authors: Bekhit Sammer M. , Zaki Sahar A. , Hassouna Mohamed Salah El-Din , Elkady Marwa
Published: February 2025

Effective removal of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline using fullerene/magnesium oxide nanocomposite.
Investigation of simple BODIPY dyes as G-quadruplex recognizing ligands
Authors: Żubertowski Jakub , Rapp Magdalena , Dolicher Jan , Rubiś Błażej , Dembska Anna
Published: February 2025

The optical and biological properties of BODIPY and their interactions with diverse DNA forms were studied. The dyes 1 and 3 interact more preferably with tetraplexes than other DNA forms, with the tendency to destabilize parallel c-MYC G-quadruplex.
Silver-mediated formal [4π + 2σ] cycloaddition reactions of bicyclobutanes with nitrile imines: access to 2,3-diazobicyclo[3.1.1]heptenes
Authors: Liao Huijuan , Dong Jianyang , Zhou Xuechen , Jiang Qin , Lv Zishan , Lei Fang , Xue Dong
Published: February 2025

We disclose a method for silver-enabled formal [4π + 2σ] cycloaddition reactions between bicyclobutanes and nitrile imines (generated from hydrazonyl chlorides) to furnish a diverse array of 2,3-diazo-BCHepes.
Status and Outlook of Solid Electrolyte Membrane Reactors for Energy, Chemical, and Environmental Applications
Authors: Fan Liangdong , Luo Wanying , Fan Qixun , Hu Qicheng , Jing Yifu , Chiu Te-Wei , Lund Peter D
Published: February 2025

Solid electrolyte membrane-based reactors (SEMRs) can be operated at super high temperatures with distinct reaction kinetics, or at reduced temperatures (300-500 oC) for industrial-relevant energy applications (such as solid oxide...
Enhanced broad-frequency electromagnetic-wave absorption and environmental stability of carbonitrided high-entropy alloys via a green mechanochemical approach
Authors: Hu Jiawen , Jiang Linwen , Jin Jiawei , Liu Hang , Wu Anhua , Zhang Xiaofeng
Published: February 2025

High-entropy alloys are important candidates for efficient electromagnetic-wave absorbers , but the further design of the absorbers with harmonized impedance matching and excellent environmental stability remains a major challenge.
E-seed skin: a carbohydrate–protein hybrid nanostructure for delayed germination and accelerated growth
Authors: Sharma Parul , Sahu Bandana Kumari , Swami Kanchan , Chandel Mahima , Kumar Prem , Palanisamy Thanikaivelan , Shanmugam VijayaKumar
Published: February 2025

A carbohydrate–protein hybrid nanocoating on the tomato seed acts as a shield cum nutrient reservoir and improves seed viability. Such multifunctional coatings with humidity and microbial resistance can pave the way for smart coating technologies.
Geochemical speciation, pollution assessment, and source identification of heavy metals in sediment cores of the Cau River basin, Hai Duong province, Vietnam
Authors: Pham Ba Lich , Vu Huy Thong , Nguyen Van Linh , Thuong Nguyen Thi Kim , Trinh Anh Duc , Ta Thi Thao
Published: February 2025

Geochemical fractionation, ecological risk evaluations, and pollution sources of heavy metals in a municipal watercourse system of Hai Duong province.
Triethyl methyl ammonium ionic liquid as an effective electrolyte additive for high-performance zinc–iodine batteries
Authors: Wu Xin , Wei Wei , Yang Xue , Yu Le , Chen Xiao Chun
Published: February 2025

Triethyl methyl ammonium ionic liquid as an electrolyte additive is designed to inhibit the growth of zinc dendrites and the shuttling effect of I3− ions for zinc–iodide batteries.
Access to isolable cyclic dienamines and N-aryl-2-aminobenzophenones from Morita–Baylis–Hillman ketones
Authors: Sharma Sachin , Kanwar Nikita , Khan Akram Gulam Hussain , Easwar Srinivasan
Published: February 2025

Reaction of Morita–Baylis–Hillman ketones derived from a cyclic precursor with anilines resulted in the formation of cyclic dienamines, which could be isolated and further transformed to N-aryl-2-aminobenzophenones.
Unlocking high capacitive energy-density in Sm-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 thin films via strain and domain engineering
Authors: Hanani Zouhair , Belhadi Jamal , Daneu Nina , Trstenjak Urška , Shepelin Nick A. , Bobnar Vid , Lippert Thomas , Spreitzer Matjaž
Published: February 2025

Sm-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–30PbTiO3 relaxor ferroelectric thin films with slush-like structure demonstrate ultra-high energy density, excellent thermal stability and fatigue-free energy storage properties.
Introduction to rare earth materials
Authors: Howarth Ashlee J. , Mori Takao , Xia Zhiguo
Published: February 2025

Ashlee Howarth, Takao Mori and Zhiguo Xia introduce the Journal of Materials Chemistry C themed collection on rare earth materials.
CSS‐UNet: Convolution‐State Space Enhanced UNet for Cardiac MRI Segmentation
Authors: Tong Yaliang , Liu Kun , He Yuquan , Yang Ping
Published: February 2025

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is widely adopted in clinic for the assessment of cardiac anatomical structures and functions, and accurately segmenting left ventricular, myocardium and right ventricle from CMR plays an important role in clinical practice. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), for example, U‐Net, have been widely used in CMR segmentation. However, current CNN‐based models focus on extracting local features via convolution modules, which cannot well understand the long‐range dependencies within images, leading to the sub‐optimal solution for CMR segmentation task. Inspired by Mamba that efficiently captures global context information using state space model, we propose a novel CMR segmentation model, called CSS‐UNet, that can capture both local features and global contexts simultaneously by fusing features from convolution block and visual state space block. Our new model follows the design of U‐Net architecture that contains encoder and decoder with skip connections, where a proposed feature fusion module, called spatial‐state space, is seamlessly integrated into our model. By using the spatial‐state space module, the low‐level and high‐level features can be extracted and fused for capturing both global and local information, enhancing the capability of feature extraction of CSS‐UNet. We evaluate our proposed model on two public CMR datasets, and the experimental results reveal that our proposed model outperforms the most widely‐used UNet, demonstrating the effectiveness of our model.
Trends and Techniques in Medical Image Segmentation for Disease Detection
Authors: Jiang Xinli
Published: February 2025

Medical images have become an indispensable and important tool for the diagnosis of medical conditions and surgical guidance. As computer vision technology advances, Medical image segmentation technology has effectively assisted clinicians in making accurate diagnoses and providing personalized treatment. In this paper, some excellent medical image segmentation methods in recent years are summarized, and according to the deep learning method (e.g. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), U- net, etc.), and traditional methods (such as active contour model, threshold segmentation model, etc.) are sorted out. This paper compares various image segmentation methods, analyzes their similarities and differences, and summarizes and looks forward to the future development of medical image segmentation technology. With the continuous advancement of computer vision models, medical image segmentation is expected to become increasingly accurate and efficient. This will significantly enhance the speed and accuracy of medical image processing, helping doctors to better identify and analyze diseases, thereby providing more accurate clinical diagnoses and treatment plans. With these technological advancements, future medical image segmentation will not only handle more complex images but also enable more intelligent and automated analysis, offering strong support for clinical practice.
Anime Style Image Generation Based on StyleGAN3
Authors: Deng Mingjia , Zhang Mengran
Published: February 2025

With the rise of anime culture and the development of computer vision technology, automatically generating images with a specific comic style has become a research hotspot. The animation industry is in urgent need of high-quality and diverse comic-style images, but traditional hand- drawing methods are inefficient. This paper chooses to use the existing Style-Based Generative Adversarial Network（StyleGAN3） model because of its excellent image generation capabilities and high-resolution output. Compared with the earlier StyleGAN2, StyleGAN3 eliminates aliasing in generated images. StyleGAN3 can achieve more natural refinement and generate more realistic and stylized images. This paper adjusts the latent space vector of StyleGAN3 to achieve precise control of anime style features, and to achieve the purpose of anime-style image generation based on StyleGAN3. The output results show that the generated images not only accurately retain the key style elements of the animation, but also show a high degree of diversity and authenticity, which fully verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the method proposed in this paper. This research result provides strong technical support for animation creation, game design, and other fields, greatly enriches image resources, and significantly improves creation efficiency. It has important application value and practical significance.
Integration of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Enhancing Data Security and Operational Efficiency
Authors: Ma Tengyan
Published: February 2025

Whereas the demands for data privacy and security in healthcare have been tending to an ever-higher level, integration between blockchain and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has thereafter become a new innovative method that could solve these problems. Since many studies related to the application of blockchain in the field of data security and artificial intelligence in medical diagnosis have been proposed, research on the integration of this new technology in the medical field is still required. The paper focused essentially on the amalgamation of these two technologies, elaborating on novel practices in clinical diagnosis, medical records, and pharmaceutical supply chain management. This paper conducted a literature review and case analysis to examine how blockchain ensures data immutability with decentralized storage mechanisms and how AI utilizes this data through deep learning and real-time analysis for its decision-making system. The examination results indicate that blockchain decentralizes data for storing patients' privacy and integrity, while AI can enhance the accuracy of diagnosis and decision-making for treatment. Moreover, information transparency and operational efficiency will be further developed by integrating the two technologies. Based on the conclusion of this study, blockchain and AI integrated technology holds great potential to enable the healthcare industry toward intelligent and personalized development. Despite the technical standardization barrier and protection of privacy, future research should focus on optimizing scalability to further advance the integration of these two technologies in healthcare services.
Subjetividad y discurso turístico digital
Authors: Epelde Arrate Aldama
Published: February 2025

Este estudio tiene como objeto analizar la subjetividad en el discurso turístico de las publicaciones de cuentas de viajes de
Instagram en francés. Para ello, nos basamos en trabajos sobre modalidad discursiva y sobre el discurso turístico en Internet. Gracias a
este análisis, descubrimos un nuevo género cuyo discurso se parece al de géneros de promoción turística por valerse de un lenguaje muy
positivo para referirse a los viajes, a los destinos vacacionales o a los alojamientos, pero su propósito se asemeja al de géneros
informales como el blog de viajes ya que se facilita información sobre el viaje y se realizan valoraciones ponderativas
basadas en lo vivido por el locutor.
¿Un diccionario en papel en el siglo XXI?
Authors: Rodríguez-Rubio Santiago
Published: February 2025

La pujanza del sector turístico desde la perspectiva traductológica contrasta con la escasez de diccionarios inglés-español de
primera línea y con su falta de actualización. Entre los repertorios destaca el Diccionario de términos de turismo y de
ocio (Ariel), con dos ediciones: 2000 y 2006. Además, la incorrección formal de los textos turísticos acarrea
problemas de imagen.

A partir de ese contexto, el objetivo del presente trabajo es doble. En primer lugar, y como base para la revisión de obras
lexicográficas futuras, determinar qué factor incide en mayor medida en la aparición de nuevas erratas en la reedición de un diccionario.
En segundo lugar, comprobar la idoneidad del referido diccionario de turismo, como complemento a los recursos de consulta
electrónicos.
Exploring research methods in French as a second language
Authors: Howard Martin
Published: February 2025

This introductory chapter situates the volume in the context of French second language acquisition (SLA)
research and languages other than English (LOTEs) more generally against the backdrop of English as the global lingua franca
of our times. The presentation extends to the contribution of French to SLA investigation through a range of projects before
problematizing the critical need for reflection on the research methods characterising research investigation in
second-language (L2) French as a LOTE. The chapter outlines the underlying aims of the volume, and offers a synopsis of the
contributing chapters.
A- and A′-dependencies in Standard Arabic
Authors: Hallman Peter
Published: February 2025

This chapter investigates phrasal and clausal comparatives in Standard Arabic and draws inferences
about structural conditions on both covert A′-movement and case assignment, a kind of A-dependency. It finds that in
comparative constructions, subjects may undergo covert A′-movement, as can, more surprisingly, objects of
prepositions. That is, Arabic has covert preposition stranding, something that is not possible in the overt syntax.
Previous claims to the effect that sluicing constructions display overt preposition stranding are found to not be
convincing, though the interpretation of comparatives implicates covert preposition stranding. This chapter also finds
that in comparative constructions, genitive case may be assigned by the preposition min ‘from’ to the
subject of a clausal complement, a kind of Exceptional Case Marking (ECM) configuration.
On the additive focus particle kamaan in Hijazi Arabic
Authors: Alahmadi Shatha
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the semantic properties of the Hijazi Arabic focus particle
kamaan. The paper presents original new data of kamaan on four possible
interpretations of the particle; an additive interpretation that may translate to English also, a
scalar interpretation that may translate to even, a repetitive interpretation that may translate to
again, and a quantity-related interpretation that may translate to more. The
paper argues that the different interpretations do not result from a case of lexical ambiguity, but rather a uniform
analysis for kamaan is possible, under which kamaan is always an additive focus
particle.
Effect of jet-to-substrate distance on luminous plume of pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Guo Wang , Zhang Bo , Sun Yu-Hao , Han Wen-Hu , Zhang Guan-Jun
Published: February 2025

The interaction between various substrates and atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is of great interest to the generation and application of industrial non-thermal plasma. Quantitative measurement of plasma-substrate interaction is required to analyze mechanisms of plasma-related effect on surfaces and to optimize plasma parameters. This study presents the dependence of plume luminous intensity of He APPJ interacting with a dielectric surface on the jet-to-substrate distance. After quantitatively acquiring the spatial-temporal resolved dynamics of plasma plumes and surface charge evolution, we established the mechanistic relations between charge accumulation on substrates and plasma plume in vicinity. Results show that the plume luminous intensity can be enhanced by shortening jet-to-substrate distance d
tr to different degrees during the rising and falling edges of the voltage pulse. Although the peak density of deposited charge almost remains constant at distances of below 8 mm, the distribution diameter decreases from ∼16 to ∼2 mm as the d
tr rises from 2 to 12 mm, with the resultant total charge decreasing from ∼35 to ∼5 nC. On this basis, the work clarifies the mechanism of plume enhancement by interaction with a dielectric substrate. Two factors are considered to contribute to the enhancement effect: one is the more concentrated electric field in the vicinity of downstream substrate, which influences the plume dynamics at both the rising and falling edges. The other is the recombination between the deposited positive charges on dielectric and transferred negative charges at the falling edge. These results have provided a deep insight into the influence of treatment distance on the properties of APPJ processing, emphasizing the necessity for precise control over the jet-to-board distance due to its potential to induce significant difference in discharge intensity.
The influence of Gaussian magnetic pulse on magnetization dynamic in permalloy thin films
Authors: Wanta Gabriela Christenvia , Kurniawan Candra , Wibowo Nur Aji
Published: February 2025

Spintronic device development relies on an understanding of magnetization dynamics in permalloy thin films, as it reveals the material’s properties and magnetization reversal mechanism through the propagation of the domain wall controlled by the external magnetic field pulse. This study explores the impact of Gaussian magnetic pulse width and height on magnetization rate in permalloy thin films using micromagnetic simulations based on the Landau–Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. The examined Gaussian magnetic pulse heights were 200 mT and 500 mT, respectively, and the corresponding pulse width varied from 200 to 2000 ps. The size of the permalloy thin film also varied. After exposure to a Gaussian magnetic pulse, the magnetic moments become magnetized and oscillate. Oscillation or ringing can result from the interaction between the magnetic pulse and spin and is impacted by a low damping value. The magnetization reversal rate will reach a constant value at each critical pulse width. The amplitude of the magnetic field and thin film sizes influence the critical pulse width. The primary component influencing the permalloy thin film magnetic energy during the magnetization reversal is demagnetization energy, which leads to the onset of a single domain. The study suggests that spintronic devices can modify read–write data on the permalloy thin film using either a high-intensity magnetic field with a short pulse duration or a low-intensity magnetic field with a longer pulse duration. Nonetheless, it is essential to take into account the size of the thin layer to enhance the efficiency of spintronic devices.
Simultaneous partial discharge and current measurements in a needle-plane configuration at different pressures
Authors: Gillis T , Fagnard J-F , Vanderbemden P
Published: February 2025

Phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) measurement has been used for decades as a method of monitoring defects in electrically insulating materials. More recently, it has seen a renewed interest in the context of flash sintering, a novel ceramic densification process where the sample to be densified is subjected to an electric field in addition to the usual application of heat. In the context of flash sintering, the monitoring of partial discharge (PD) activity has shown that this activity increases when approaching the onset of the thermal runaway phenomenon leading to the quick densification of the material, and is influenced by environmental factors such as relative humidity or pressure. A new microcontroller-based PRPD measurement system architecture has recently been proposed as a means to explore this PD activity in further details. While PDRD measurement is traditionally carried out by comparing the measured partial discharge pattern to the waveform of the voltage applied to the device under test (DUT), we show in this work that expanding this bespoke measurement system to be able to simultaneously monitor the waveform of the current going through the DUT allows for the collection of data related to the electrical power transferred to the DUT during the process that displays peculiar features. In the present work, the DUT consists of a classical needle-plane setup. As pressure decreases down from atmospheric levels, the threshold voltage leading up to the apparition of discharges decreases following a trend similar to the classical Paschen curve. Additionally, the nature of the discharge activity transitions from low-amplitude, rapid-firing tightly packed trains of pulses to high-amplitude, longer-lasting and more spread out pulses. Simultaneous measurement of the discharges, applied voltage and current going through the DUT shows that this second type of discharge activity can be synchronous with an asymmetric, distorted current waveform having the same period as the applied voltage, corresponding to a transfer of active electrical power into the DUT. Furthermore, the width of these current waveforms expands as the applied voltage is increased progressively starting from the threshold voltage for the activation of discharge activity, indicating that the rate of total power transferred in the DUT may be tuned using the amplitude of the applied voltage. External confirmation of a significant power transfer taking place in these conditions is obtained through the observation of damage inflicted on the DUT after a period of sustained discharge activity at low pressure.
Effects of different fillers on hydrogels for application as tissue-substitute materials for computed tomography phantoms
Authors: Georgieva Veselina , Tankovski Georgi , Traikova Nikoleta , Exner Ginka
Published: February 2025

Composite hydrogels of gelatine and six different cost-effective fillers, with a concentration of 0.08 g/ml, are studied as potential tissue-substitute materials for computed tomography phantoms. Distilled water and glycerol (100:0 and 70:30) are employed as solvents. The capability to mimic different body tissues is tested at tube voltages from 70 to 120 kVp. The results indicate that the composites successfully mimic some soft tissues (liver, heart and muscles) as well as trabecular bones. Glass microbubbles composites show a potential to substitute fat and lung tissues but some additional filler and glycerol content optimization is required. The mechanical performance of the composites with respect to their practical implementation is evaluated by means of Young’s modulus, gel strength, and work of deformation.
Characterization of relay protection equipment and electromagnetic disturbance in high-voltage substations
Authors: Pan Yue , Tang Minan
Published: February 2025

With the increase of substation voltage level and the local installation of relay protection equipment, the electromagnetic disturbance in the working environment of relay protection equipment is more complex and intense. Firstly, this paper analyzes the characteristics of steady-state electromagnetic disturbance sources and transient electromagnetic disturbance sources in high-voltage substations. Secondly, conductive electromagnetic disturbance is generated by Multisim by building an electric fast transient pulse group generating circuit. Finally, the radiation coupling simulation model of space electromagnetic disturbance to secondary cables is established, simulated, and analyzed. The results show that grounding both ends of the cable shielding layer can reduce the impact of electromagnetic disturbance, based on which grounding both ends of the armor layer can further reduce the coupling current of the cable.
Surface engineering strategies for realizing hexagonal boron nitride composite coatings for corrosion protection
Authors: Chu Qinchao , Zhao Hongran , Ding Jiheng , Wang Hao , Zhu Jin , Wang Jinggang
Published: February 2025

During the past decades, graphene has been confirmed as an excellent corrosion barrier due to its superior impermeability. However, it fails to achieve the long-term metallic protection because the highly-conductive graphene could accelerate the electrochemical degradation of substrates. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanosheets (BNNSs) have been considered as the most promising substitute based on its intrinsic insulation, superior chemical and thermal stability. The development of superior BN-based composite coatings (BNCCs) has attracted a great deal of attention, aiming to realize high-performance anticorrosion coating materials, and numerous efforts have been made in surface engineering and basic fabrication of BNCCs. In this paper, we provided a critical review on statues, advances, and challenges in surface engineering and fabrication of BNCCs in corrosion protection. The processing-structure-property relationships between functionalized BNNSs and BNCCs were in-depth discussed. Finally, the research perspectives of BNCCs were proposed. With this review, we hope to instigate the novel ideas and functionalization strategies for the preparation of high-performance BNCCs in future.
Adaptable thermal tactile based method for legged ship hull defect detection robots
Authors: Xing Guangyi , Liu Changxin , Che Haoxuan , Chen Runhe , Huang Peihan , Ma Zhenyao , Wang Yuncong , Feng Xing , Liu Nan
Published: February 2025

For the sake of ship safety, regular ship hull inspections are crucial. The legged robots are considered capable of replacing inspectors in detecting defects on the hull surfaces. For robotic detection, it is an effective way to improve detection capabilities by increasing the perception dimensions. Therefore, this paper creatively proposes a thermal tactile based method for legged ship hull defect detection robots. A thermodynamic model for detecting ship hull defects is established. Besides, the prototypes of the thermal tactile perception mechanical foot (TTPM-Foot) and the legged robot are designed. Furthermore, the performance testing of the TTPM-Foot prototype and the legged robot prototype is carried out to verify the validity of the proposed method. The experiment results demonstrate that, on one hand, this method can equip legged robots with the capabilities of detecting different ship hull defects, such as rust, damaged coatings and biofouling, within 20 s. On the other hand, this method can help legged robots detect the status of misstep accurately, thereby assisting the robots in autonomous control. The proposed method offers significant potential for improving the performance of legged ship hull inspection robots and promoting the development of intelligent inspection for large ships.
How Roche Pharma International Unlocked Cross-Boundary Collaboration at Scale
Authors: Paes Hemerson
Published: February 2025

Roche Pharma International shifted from a decentralized model to a networked organization by revealing, developing, and leveraging informal networks to spur this transformation. Key lessons include the importance of (a)engaging organizations as living systems, including leveraging existing informal networks that drive organizational effectiveness through activating authentic “cultural carriers” instead of enforcing structural changes; (b)fostering a culture of collaboration by partnering with key connectors, boundary spanners, and energizers in informal networks to facilitate transformation toward a networked model; and (c)introducing a common language and establishing shared rituals to reinforce the networked approach, ensuring that relationship value remains central to operations. This strategic shift enhanced Roche’s agility and aligned its structure with its strategic goals, enabling effective navigation of the global healthcare landscape.
Sogdians in Their Homeland
Authors: Shenkar Michael
Published: February 2025

The Sogdians, an Iranian people who lived in present-day Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, played a leading role in commerce and cultural exchanges along the “Silk Roads” of the 1st millennium ce. They established settlements across a vast territory extending to northern China. Scholarship on the Sogdians has often viewed them as agents of other states and civilizations, frequently overlooking their rich culture and unique social and political structures. Sogdian civilization was shaped by constant and close contact with Eurasian nomads.

Throughout its history, Sogdiana was characterized by a “city-state culture” marked by three key features: colonization, developed trading networks, and self-governing civic communities. These communities, comprising affluent traders and traditional aristocracy, played essential roles in city governance. The full understanding of Sogdian culture emerges only when considering the fabric of Sogdian cities and their civic communities. The most famous and informative aspect of Sogdian culture is its unique art, which offers invaluable insights into the beliefs, religions, and cultural experiences of a broad spectrum of citizens, not just a small elite.
Twelve-Step Programs
Authors: Hai Audrey Hang , Ryan James
Published: February 2025

Twelve-Step programs, encompassing both peer-led fellowships and professional interventions, originated from Alcoholics Anonymous and are rooted in the spiritual principles outlined in the Twelve Steps. Over the past century, Twelve-Step programs have played a pivotal role in the field of alcohol and drug addiction recovery, and their cultural influence extends beyond the addiction landscape in the United States. Empirical evidence largely supports Twelve-Step programs’ efficacy for substance use-related outcomes, including increased abstinence rates, decreased consequences, and enhanced well-being. However, the Twelve-Step model has faced enduring criticism regarding its religious undertones, the disease model of addiction, and perceived lack of inclusivity. The effectiveness and relevance of Twelve-Step programs will continue to be shaped by ongoing research, critical evaluation, and efforts to meet the diverse needs of individuals in recovery.