bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proyecto Modular: Importancia de Especies Florísticas Nativas y Domesticadas con Propiedades Medicinales en Coatecas Altas, Oaxaca
Authors: Ruiz Ríos Jaime , Méndez Gijón Melina , Juárez Vásquez Pedro Zenón
Published: November 2024

Los pueblos indígenas oaxaqueños se han especializado en el conocimiento de las plantas que los rodean, ya sea como uso alimenticio, medicinal, para construcción, forrajes para animales y con uso ornamental. Él trabajó se realizó bajo el enfoque del proyecto modular, investigación metodológica del MEII por el Bachillerato Integral Comunitario No. 46, de la comunidad indígena de origen zapoteco de Coatecas Altas, que se ubica geográficamente a las faldas de la Sierra Madre del Sur en los Valles Centrales del Estado de Oaxaca, poseedores de la lengua originaria y aun viva de la variante didzé [didze˦] . Para la investigación se entrevistaron 52 personas son monolingües del español, 25 personas son bilingües español-zapoteco y 10 personas son monolingües de zapoteco. En el estudio se identificaron 72 especies florísticas con beneficios medicinales, entre árboles, arbusto, hiervas, helechos y briofitas, y cinco especies aún sin determinar, colocando la diversidad vegetal con uso medicinal o terapéutico a 77 especímenes. El conocimiento ancestral sobre la diversidad florística con propiedades medicinales en Coatecas Altas, refleja sus prácticas y costumbres con arraigo a su cultura, dando una singular importancia a dichas especies vegetales para aliviar padecimientos, dolencias y enfermedades que los aquejan.
DE HEGEL À SARKOZY : LE FIL ROUGE DE L’HISTOIRE
Authors: BA Amadou Oury
Published: November 2024

In July 2007, French President Nicolas Sarkozy delivered a speech in Dakar that has remained in the memory of African academics and other intellectuals from all over the world. In his speech, he sought to reconnect France with the former colonial power by revisiting the historical relations between Senegal and France. Mr Sarkozy touched on some of the delicate elements of the Africa-Europe meeting, which have yet to be fully clarified. For most of his speech, he referred to Hegel and some of the ancient 18th century 16 Eurocentric theories that presented Africa as a continent without history. This discursive pitfall produced strong reactions from African academics who, in turn, wrote numerous books in response to what they considered an affront. This article reviews all these positions, analyzes Sarkozy’s references to Hegel and some of the thinkers of his time, and finally connects them to the different reactions that his discourse received throughout the world in general and in Africa in particular.
PRÉDATION ET PATRIMONIALISATION DES RESSOURCES DE L’ÉTAT DU SÉNÉGAL : 2000 À NOS JOURS
Authors: CAMARA El Hadji Malick Sy
Published: November 2024

Predation strategies have given rise to much work in the postcolonial African state. In Africa, the state is considered a fiction insofar as everyone exploits their public position as a prebend. Senegal is no exception to this state capture, although it is often cited as an example of democracy. The objective of this article which takes stock of the literature and the content analysis of press articles (written press, online and audiovisual press) is to show how the political actors who have succeeded one another in power, 2000 to the present day, the State’s public funds have been monopolized by developing a policy of rent and patrimonialization of public resources, thus skewing the democratic game.
The Compass of Strategic Entrepreneurship Which Strategy Should Young Entrepreneurs in Jordan Choose?
Authors: Joma Mahmoud Hussein Abu
Published: November 2024

Strategic entrepreneurship is a critical aspect of modern business practices, as it enables entrepreneurs to navigate the complexities of an increasingly competitive and dynamic market. The idea of a “compass” in entrepreneurship refers to the guidance provided by different strategic approaches that help entrepreneurs steer their ventures toward success. Scholars have identified four key strategies—architectural innovation, intellectual property (IP) strategy, disruption, and value chain enhancement—that are central to entrepreneurship. These strategies, while distinct in their applications, are interrelated and offer multiple pathways to business growth and innovation. This report delves into these four strategies, offering a detailed analysis of their theoretical foundations, practical applications, and real-world examples, with references to key academic sources. Strategic entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in shaping the success of startups and businesses, especially in emerging markets. As the global business environment becomes increasingly competitive, entrepreneurs need a clear direction. In this report, we will compare four key entrepreneurial strategies—architectural, intellectual property, disruption, and value chain strategies—and offer recommendations, particularly for young entrepreneurs in Jordan, a developing country in the Middle East. The report will identify which strategy best fits the context of Jordan, considering the unique challenges and opportunities entrepreneurs face in this region. Objectives of the article:  The primary objective of this analytical research report is to identify and propose the most suitable entrepreneurship strategy for young Jordanian entrepreneurs. This strategy is envisioned as a guiding compass and a roadmap to assist them in navigating toward the optimal path for entrepreneurial success. Method and procedures to reach the objectives of the study: To achieve this goal, the researcher has adopted a rigorous approach grounded in a comprehensive and deep understanding of the four strategies discussed within this report. The analysis considers the criteria and requirements for adopting each strategy by entrepreneurs, while drawing on a thorough review of previous studies on entrepreneurship and its strategies. Furthermore, the research is informed by the author’s extensive knowledge of Jordan’s socio-economic context and an ongoing observation of youth-led entrepreneurial projects and their success stories in the Jordanian landscape. By synthesizing these insights, the report seeks to provide a strategic framework that aligns with the specific resources and capacities available to young entrepreneurs, ensuring its feasibility and relevance. This framework is intended to serve as a reliable tool for guiding aspiring entrepreneurs toward informed decision-making and effective strategy adoption in their entrepreneurial journey.
The Sandplay Collection
Authors: Hegeman Gretchen
Published: November 2024

This essay explores how one develops a sandplay collection, and what it means. The relationship between the unconscious of the therapist, as represented through the collection, with the unconscious of the sandplay is emphasized. A general listing of what a collection should contain is included.
The Grim Reaper: From Depression to Integration
Authors: Harding Brendan
Published: November 2024

The author describes his work with a suicidal 50-year-old woman suffering from depression. In the first sandtray, an ominous image called the Grim Reaper by the client, is identified as a dark aspect of her mother, perhaps the negative animus of her mother. As the sandplay therapy progresses, this figure transforms to a more compassionate one. The patient's relationship to her husband improves greatly as she questions her ideas about men and the masculine. The author understands this to show that a woman may be in the grip of her mother's animus but it is possible to escape it.
Moving Forward With Sandplay Research
Authors: Morena Gita
Published: November 2024

In response to Dr. Lorraine Freedle's article "Sandplay with Traumatic Brain Injured Adults" (published in the Journal of Sandplay Therapy 16(2), 2007). Dr. Morena addresses issues surrounding evidence-based research as it applies to sandplay therapy. The importance of qualitative, phenomenological research using a multiple case-study design is acknowledged as a way to identify patterns and describe behavioral outcomes. Morena points out how Freedle's study establishes a viable template and methodology for studying and quantifying information derived from sandplay, and emphasizes its contribution to the field of sandplay research.
"Pig Pie": Sandplay Images of Progression and Regression
Authors: Cunningham Lauren
Published: November 2024

Sandplay images may provide an entrée into a deepening of analytic work. As the sandplay is created and felt, infantile states that have been lost or forgotten as well as other experiences of the ineffable arising from an archetypal source can be evoked and touched upon. Images may contain elements both of earliest childhood with manifestations of the primal Self as Fordham postulated, as well as intimations of where a person is evolving in their individuation process. Three clinical vignettes illustrate the creation of sandplay images emerging from the body-psyche that show both regressive and progressive trends that opened the analytic work.
The Tiger, the Bear, the Lion and Unicorn: The Meaning and Work of Animals in Sandplay
Authors: Weeks Wildred
Published: November 2024

This article is a brief account of the March 8, 2008 Fresno, California regional conference of STA. The focus was on case presentations featuring animals. Two teaching members of STA presented one case each, and one of these teaching members analyzed the symbolism of polar bears. Three local therapists each presented clinical material.
Symptom, Symbol and Sandplay: Manifestation of a Tic Disorder in a Child
Authors: Punnett Audrey
Published: November 2024

The author discusses how the symbolic manifestation of a symptom reflects the identity of the person. In the case of this 5-year-old boy the symptom was a specific ear tic that conveyed symbolically the problem related to congenital deafness in the younger sister. He experienced an emotional abandonment by the parents due to the increased medical needs of the sister. This resulted in over control of his emotions and resultant anxiety, which exacerbated when he entered kindergarten, a developmentally normal separation from mother. He was not emotionally equipped to handle this separation, and thus became symptomatic. The sandplay therapy allowed the necessary healing for him to become tic free and meet developmental challenges appropriately.
After Savannah: Reflections on Sandplay
Authors: Morena Gita
Published: November 2024

This article commends the creative and expansive nature of the Sandplay Therapists of America 2008 national conference in Savannah and also raises concerns about establishing and maintaining the essential characteristics of sandplay therapy. It encourages sandplay therapists to teach clearly about the unique and powerful aspects of this modality, and to hold to the guidelines that define it.
Flooding and Renewal: A Girl's Process of Stabilization and Renewal
Authors: Anderson Marion
Published: November 2024

This article describes the psychic development of an 8-year-old girl during two-and-a-half years of analytic psychotherapy and sandplay therapy. The child expresses her suffering regarding her parents' divorce through repeated floodings of sandplay scenes. A stabilization and progressive, positive development of her inner growth is seen in this sandplay process. The theoretical framework of analytical psychology and sandplay therapy was used to trace parallels with the alchemical process of solutio. The article also examines the transference and the therapist's pregnancy is a transforming factor in the therapeutic relationship. The images of flooding contributed to the child's improvement and to the therapist's understanding of the child's internal and external situation.
The Frog King as a Transformation Symbol in Sandplay Therapy
Authors: Bedford Strohm Deborah
Published: November 2024

After relating Grimm's fairy tale of the Frog King, or Iron Henry, the author discusses the appearance of the Frog King figure a clinical case both as a harbinger of the necessity of releasing and integrating anger as a step toward transformation.
Landscape, Place, and Identity in Sandplay Therapy
Authors: Zappacosta Judy D.
Published: November 2024

This article explores the image of landscape, both in the outer and interior worlds of the psyche and as observed in sandplay. The geography of a place helps create a sense of identity and purpose. This idea is examined by studying the creations built by C. G. Jung, poet, Robinson Jeffers, and the case study of a young boy who goes "fishing" for his sense of place and identity.
Following the Fisherman Image in Sandplay Therapy
Authors: Steinhardt Lenore F.
Published: November 2024

Over 16 years, a little red-coated fisherman miniature has taken a momentary role in the sandplay processes of many clients, both children and adults. Curiously, he appears just once in each person's sandplay process, usually at a secure stage in the therapeutic relationship, and is never an ongoing symbol. In a sand picture he often seems unrelated to other depicted events, perhaps in contemplation of something elsewhere, yet his fishing line connects him to a potential relationship with a fish still in the water. The fisherman's one-time appearance in so many sandplay processes called for amplification of this symbol, from the concrete level, to the symbolic to the spiritual, to try and get closer to his unknown significance. For the author this was an invitation to fish through many sandplay cases, to connect the fisherman to real fishing experience, to the experience of objective, non-personal, non-rational phenomena, and to the patience needed to fish the depths of therapy to enter the flow between consciousness and the unconscious, between Ego and Self.
Implications of the Sacred Rope in Analytical Psychology and Sandplay Therapy
Authors: Mikyung Jang
Published: November 2024

The author reflects on the many ways a sacred rope is used in ritual activities and communal and domestic occasions. The sacred rope is used as a barrier between the sacred and the profane. Dr. Jang reports that the sacred rope motif frequently appears in sandtrays. She concludes that it often appears when the creator of the sandtray is willing to surrender to the process and engage at a deeper level. The work of a young woman struggling with depression, anxiety, and peer problems is presented to illustrate how her symbolic use of the rope facilitated the emergence of material held outside of consciousness. Initially the patient had little awareness of her responsibility for her difficulties.
An Integration Process: Sandplay Therapy at the End of Life
Authors: Morena Gita
Published: November 2024

In this case study, Gita Morena explores how the sand scenes of an aging woman reveal current life struggles and provide a vehicle for addressing end of life issues. In addition, it is possible to see how information from the depths of the unconscious manifests in the sand, and how the resolution of internal conflicts may transform into a sense of wholeness and inner peace. Through an exploration of symbolic imagery and an understanding of sandplay process, it is possible to see indications in the trays of an unexpected health crisis long before it is diagnosed medically. The sand scenes are viewed from an alchemical and archetypal perspective to show an integration of mind body and spirit that seems to occur in this woman's sand scenes as she unconsciously prepares for death.
Infantile States in Sandplay Therapy: A Child's Experience
Authors: Heathcote Olivia
Published: November 2024

The article discusses two processes: infant observation and sandplay therapy, as they relate to the mother-infant connection. The author describes both of these processes to demonstrate the critical nature of touch in the early mother-infant holding environment. The term primal touch is proposed to describe the particularity of this early connection. The 3-year sandplay process of a 5-year-old girl demonstrates how sandplay provides a child with the opportunity to recreate the infantile experience of primal touch. Examples of how the child did this include rocking herself inside the sandtray and requesting that she and the therapist listen to each other's heartbeats simultaneously. The child's later sand scenes suggest her emerging feelings of safety and containment, and the ways in which she progressed are described.
Approach to the Numinous in Sandplay: A Bridge to Creativity
Authors: Cunningham Lauren
Published: November 2024

Many children come in to therapy when they are stuck and experiencing turbulence at a developmental threshold. This paper presents a sandplay case study of an 8-year-old boy that illustrates a child who connected to his deeper symbolic life as his ego functioning matured and he moved through the developmental thresholds of separation and differentiation. Magic and omnipotent fantasy were relinquished and replaced by a symbolic attitude that connected him to a sustaining spiritual source. His outer world expanded and blossomed as he became more related and engaged with others.
Philosophical Explorations of Transformation and Change in Sandplay
Authors: Donald Beatrice
Published: November 2024

This article begins to explore ideas from western and eastern philosophy that invite us into new territory and new perspectives on the experience of sandplay, and in particular, processes of transformation and change. The philosophical ideas introduced build on Dora Kalff's hypothesis that it is the sandplayer's experiencing in the play that is the agent of change. What is the nature of experience? How does the action of play and a connection with nature deepen this experience? Thinking philosophically about these questions may contribute to preserving the Kalffian essence of sandplay, which reaches beyond the apparent and toward investigation of the sensory and invisible. Implicit in Kalff's philosophy was the Buddhist view of the natural world and the natural order and is an essential component of the discussion. A sandplay case illustrates how play with experience that is given form through figures and natural materials sets off a regression, repair and integration process available to the sandplayer who is contained in the free and protected space.
The Symbolism of Seashells in Sandplay and Ancient Veneration of Sea Shells in Rites of Fertility, Birth, Burial, and Renewal
Authors: Steinhardt Lenore F.
Published: November 2024

Early humans attributed meaning to the forms of specific shells, and wore, hung or buried them as talismans connected to birth, death and creative renewal, or safe passage of the soul to rebirth. In sandplay therapy, when different people use specific shells in similar ways, common themes emerge and a link is forged to the ancient symbolic role of marine shells. In sandplay specific shells express mourning, depression, anxiety, or longing for fertility, creativity and new life. Four categories of sandplay shell use are presented: shell assemblage, a single unique shell, shell combinations in a sandplay process and the sculpted sand spiral relationship to the Self. Examples from archeology and mythology create a dialogue between ancient beliefs, divine power and sandplay therapy.
Recovering the Feminine Identity in Sandplay Therapy
Authors: Machado Zilda Maria de Paula
Published: November 2024

The author presents a verbal analysis with sandplay therapy of a female patient with a negative parental complex that prevented her from assuming a more developed feminine identity and an ego-Self dissociation was keeping her from personal growth. She needed to find her true identity and her own values. Her first marriage (lesser coniunctio) was an unconscious attempt at healing but did not meet the aspirations of the patient's unconsciousness. She needed to release the energy repressed in the parental complex. After the restoration of the ego-Self, the patient could engage in a new marital relationship (new coniunctio), this time more consciously.
Idiopathic Toe-Gait: Stasis and Progression Through Sandplay Therapy
Authors: von Gontard Alexander
Published: November 2024

Idiopathic toe-walking can be diagnosed after excluding organic causes. The case of a sandplay therapy of an 11-year-old girl is presented after physiotherapy had failed. The toe-walking ceased almost completely and emotional symptoms were also reduced. The case shows: (1) that even disorders with a severe functional somatic incapacitation can be treated effectively with sandplay therapy; (2) that the effects can and should be documented; (3) that the symptoms can be understood in terms of stasis and progression; and (4) that the symbol of the "stage" allowed a symbolic enactment and observation in therapy before the next developmental steps could be taken. A clinical case example is included.
A Conversation With Kay Bradway
Authors: Punnett Audrey
Published: November 2024

A Conversation with Kay Bradway took place at Kay Bradway's home in Sausalito, California in January 2010. This interview was shown at Sandplay Therapy: Spanning the Great Divide, STA 2010 National Conference, Boulder, Colorado.
The Transformation of Violence: The Case of Jacob
Authors: Herrmann Steven B.
Published: November 2024

This case study takes an in-depth look at the problem of how to work directly with violence in Jungian child psychotherapy with an emotionally disturbed boy during the transitional stage of latency. This paper demonstrates how the patient, Jacob, used an age-old myth of the dragon fight (the fight with the whale) to work through his predisposition towards violence. Jacob turned to an American myth, Moby-Dick, to enact his dragon fight during the first stage of his psychotherapy; later, he turned towards a more interactive form of vocalization of the primal-raging affects that were troubling him during the second stage of therapy. Jacob's sandplay representations provide portraits of what the author terms "crystalline anti-toxins." Jacob uses such "anti-toxins" to symbolically detoxify himself from poisonous affects, stemming from his internal abandoning parents and their trauma-imprints in infancy. Jungian child psychotherapy helps Jacob accept his projected shadow material and integrate it into consciousness; he no longer projects his evil outward, through acts of physical violence, but he begins to re-collect it within, as an integral part of himself. The sandplay study illustrates how a psychotherapist can work metaphorically with the child's parental complexes, to liquidate even the most primal trauma-linked defenses, which precipitate violence. Jacob's sandplays form pictures of toxic complexes charged with very early emotions, such as rage, grief, and anger. The presence of corresponding "anti-toxins" also suggests that early prevention through dream-work and sandplay may help liquidate complexes that are filled with coagulated poisons. In the sandplay narratives, Jacob describes what it actually is like for him at a somatic level when his brain is filled with such raging toxins. In the final trays, Jacob reveals how his body and psyche are lit up by anti-toxins that he uses to liquidate his projected evil and metabolize his predisposition towards violence through vocalism and the function of feeling.
Challenges to Containment in Sandplay Therapy With Children
Authors: Kaplan Jill
Published: November 2024

The author considers the tension between play that is free and play that is safe, and provides an exploration of issues of containment in sandplay therapy with children. Winnicott's and Fordham's theories of development are used to understand sandplay process through case examples. The process of a 7-year-old boy with issues of self-regulation, diagnosed as ADHD, is presented. The sand provided him with a place to work through issues of control, attention, and underlying issues of relatedness and attachment. This paper was presented at Sandplay Therapy: Spanning the Great Divide, STA 2010 National Conference, Boulder, Colorado.
Caterina and the Howling Wolf: The Call for Connection
Authors: Soble Laura
Published: November 2024

The author discusses the sandplay therapy process of an 11-year-old girl adopted internationally from the Ukraine, focusing on her use of the symbol of the howling wolf as a thread throughout. Information about the howling wolf in the natural world is presented as a prelude to highlighting the child's clinical work, which included sandplay, art, play, and singing, to provide mirroring, twinship, and connection. The client, raised in poverty and sent to an orphanage at a young age showed signs of fetal alcohol effects. She demonstrated creativity and resilience, as she used the therapy and the co-transference to create a coherent narrative of her past life in the Ukraine, and her current life in the United States.
Frozen in Time: Ice and Snow in Sandplay Therapy
Authors: Brugler Barbara
Published: November 2024

In sandplay therapy symbols have many uses in the sand, which can change their symbolic interpretation. In this paper ice and snow are explored differentiating the various ways they can appear in a sandplay process. The different meanings are discussed with examples for each. Interpretations include traumatic hyperarousal, coming to consciousness, balance, etc. A clinical case demonstrates how these appear in the process of a 13-year-old girl dealing with the death of her sister. A sandplay therapist must be able to distinguish which way a client is using a symbolic image in order to have an accurate understanding of a sandplay scene and process.
Effective EFL University Teachers: Measuring Students’ Perceptions
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca, Narváez-Cantos Daysi Lorena , Maria de Lourdes Maria de Lourdes
Published: November 2024

Investigating perceptions of an effective university English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher has been an ongoing topic in the last few years. However, those studies have focused only on teachers’ perceptions, not students’ perceptions, from the Latin American context and mainly based on Likert scales questionnaires. This study aims to determine university students’ perceptions of what they distinguish as effective EFL university teachers. Based on the CEMEDEPU questionnaire, a new instrument called Effective EFL University Teacher (EEFLUT) of 71 items was created and applied to students from an Ecuadorian public university (N=716). A Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted using AMOS 21 software to evaluate three models. The third model was chosen as the most accurate amid its great performance. This model has three main dimensions (Personal Qualities, Teaching-Learning Methodology, and Assessment Methodology). The reliability of the instrument was evaluated with the KR-20, which showed that two out of three dimensions presented high reliability of >.900. The findings demonstrate that the students value Personal Qualities (PQ) as the most relevant feature of an effective EFL university teacher above the Teaching-Learning Methodology and Assessment Methodology. These results reflect the importance of the participants attribute to the teacher’s personal qualities as one of the components of their satisfaction in learning language.
Genocide and resistance Nr. 29(1)
Authors: Buchaveckas Stanislovas , Zagreckas Rimantas , Jokubauskas Vytautas , Bubnys Arūnas , Burinskaitė Kristina , Okuličiūtė Lina , Dabrovolskas Audrius , Vasiliauskienė Aldona
Published: November 2024

Full Issue
Looking into the Future: the Spread and Realization of Guerrilla Warfare Tactics in Lithuania in 1944–1953
Authors: Jokubauskas Vytautas
Published: November 2024

The post-war guerrilla warfare in Lithuania was nothing new since the traditions of the guerrilla movement dated back to the 1919–1923 battles for independence and confrontations with Polish forces in the neutral territory. In the interwar period, the Lithuanian military authorities did not discard guerrilla warfare tactics, and this form of warfare was essentially legitimised by the Hague Convention on Warfare of 1907. In 1935, upon the militarisation of the Lithuanian Riflemen’s Union and its integration in the regular army structures, the training of riflemen for the eventual occupation of the country’s territory by the enemy was rather intensive. The ideas of partisan warfare were promoted by means of the periodical Trimitas (The Trumpet) and incorporated in the documents of the General Staff, which provided for the action of partisans in small units on well-known territory by using light armament and setting the objective of continuous assaults on the enemy, thereby demoralising him.
In 1940, following the Soviet occupation and liquidation of the Lithuanian Riflemen’s Union, the structure, after its development for two decades, remained, and the personal contacts of riflemen were quite intensive. A network of riflemen units, the locally operating unit serving as the main tactical and administrative entity of the union, covered the entire territory of Lithuania and was a suitable basis for the organisation of post-war guerrilla warfare, while the former riflemen and officers acted as organisers and leaders of the resistance movement.
The above facts allow us to conclude that the guerrilla warfare waged against the Soviet forces of repressions and military units in Lithuania in 1944 to 1953 was influenced by pre-war Lithuanian military plans, while the warfare itself was a legitimate defence of the nation’s sovereignty with respect to international military law and should be regarded as pre-planned resistance to eventual occupation.
Archbishop Mečislovas Reinys: Personal Case No. 3145 of Prisoner Mečislovas Reinys
Authors: Vasiliauskienė Aldona
Published: November 2024

This article, for the first time for the Lithuanian academic community and all parties concerned, presents the case of Archbishop Mečislovas Reinys (3 February 1884–8 November 1953) from the archives of Vladimir Prison. The personal case No. 3145 of Reinys is the last key source in the study of the life of the archbishop while he was imprisoned far away from his native land in 1948–1953.
The article also mentions other sources which are important for studying the process of how Archbishop Reinys became a ‘state criminal’. These sources include documents such as the memoirs of the archbishop’s contemporaries and of Dr Gotthold Starke, who spent a year in prison together with Reinys; Reinys’ letters to occupying authorities and humorous writings reflecting the moods at that time; Reinys’ letters from Vladimir Prison to his sister Julijona Reinytė-Martinėnienė (1878–1960), who was the only one to avoid deportation to Siberia; and materials from Reinys’ files stored in the Lithuanian Special Archives (LYA, f. K-1, ap. 58, b. P-14999; ap. 45, b. 771).
In 2010, the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation provided the author of this article with an opportunity to familiarise herself with the case of Archbishop Reinys. It is this case that this article is dedicated to. This case is a continuation of the study ‘Archbishop Mečislovas Reinys: letters from Vladimir Prison’, which was published in Genocidas ir rezistencija (Genocide and Resistance) magazine in 2005, and expanded and supplemented with the case materials of Vladimir Prison, from which the archbishop sent his letters.
The author of the article classified the documents of the case in ten groups, each of which are comprehensively studied in the article.
The case in question expands our knowledge about the last years of the life of Archbishop Reinys, allows identifying the precise date of his death and time of his burial (the place of burial remains unknown) at the town cemetery of Vladimir, located in the vicinity of Vladimir Prison. Documents available from the case testify to Archbishop Rainys’ deep faith and trust in God.
The Role of the 2024 Summit of the Future towards the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia's Economic Sector in Papua
Authors: Adhimah Thalabat Arrahmatal , Redjosari Slamet Muliono
Published: November 2024

This journal discusses the role of the 2024 Summit of the Future towards the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals Program in Indonesia and why Indonesia is so active in contributing to this agenda. Indonesia's achievements in sustainable development reaching the world average become interesting to understand Indonesia's need to join the Summit of the Future 2024. This method employs a qualitative and descriptive approach. In data collection, the author uses secondary data from the study literature. The concepts of sustainable development and multilateral cooperation are very helpful in analyzing the issues raised. The results of the author's research found that Indonesia's interest in actively joining the Summit of the Future 2024 was due to the challenges faced by Indonesia in carrying out sustainable development to demonstrate Indonesia's commitment to contribute to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals Programme agenda. Indonesia's participation in the Summit of the Future 2024 is expected to open up further opportunities for Indonesia to carry out multilateral cooperation to meet Indonesia's needs in carrying out sustainable development.
Board Gender Diversity and Tax Avoidance in Pakistan: A Comparison of Shariah Compliant and Non-Shariah Compliant Firms
Authors: Hussain Shabbir , Ahmed Alia , Khan Muhammad Sarfraz
Published: November 2024

Corporate tax avoidance has merged an important regulatory issue around the globe, where the issue seems to be more severe for developing countries like Pakistan due to poor regulatory and institutional controls. Literature on the determination of corporate tax avoidance highlights the role of board gender diversity to curtail corporate tax avoidance. Considering these notions, this study investigates whether board gender diversity could improve corporate tax avoidance or not. Considering data from 231 Shariah Compliant and 33 Non-Shariah Compliant firms for six years, this study find that board gender diversity has negative influence on the corporate tax avoidance for only Shariah Compliant firm in Pakistan, whereas variables of audit committee size, and board independence had a negative but weak influence on corporate tax avoidance in Non-Shariah Compliant firms of Pakistan. This study argues that improving gender diversity in the board of Shariah Compliant firms could force these firms to lower their tax avoidance.
The Effect of TiO2 as a Photocatalytic Paint in The Indoor Air Purification Process
Authors: Allababidi Ravan
Published: November 2024

Photocatalysis has applications in various fields, such as in air purification devices and even in coatings, where it can be incorporated into paint formulations to take advantage of its air purification and self-cleaning properties. This report looks not only at the process of photocatalysis, but also at studies that have been carried out on its incorporation into coatings using titanium dioxide (TiO2). TiO2 is commercially available and can be synthesized in the laboratory to improve its performance in air purification and decontamination of various pollutants. In addition, studies into enhancing TiO2 semiconductor materials with a photocatalytic system, such as the inclusion of manganese, were emphasized. These studies presented findings on boosted decontamination performance, which is critical for enhancing indoor air quality through the elimination of harmful gases and organic compounds. Volatile organic compounds, such as formaldehyde, toluene, benzene, and NOx, have extremely toxic health effects. Every year, indoor and outdoor air pollution causes a significant number of deaths. Considering that people spend more than 80% of their time indoors, the filtration of indoor air is even more important. Therefore, this article presents some studies on the further development of photocatalytic materials and technologies for the commercial application of photocatalytic paints. Commercial photocatalytic paints containing TiO2 doped with magnesium (Mn), silicate paints and water-based styrene acrylic paints were investigated, focusing on their ability to reduce VOC emissions.
Evaluation de differentes strategies de fertilisation organique pour restaurer la fertilite des sols dans les bananeraies antillaises
Authors: Dorey Elodie , Meynard Charles , Lakhia Steewy , Ruillé Marie , Dorel Marc
Published: November 2024

Dans les bananeraies intensives conventionnelles, la fertilisation, essentiellement minérale, vise à satisfaire les besoins nutritionnels des bananiers mais ne permet pas d’assurer un stock de matière organique suffisant pour maintenir une fertilité des sols optimale. Or, l’utilisation de fertilisants organiques complexifie le raisonnement de la fertilisation puisque les nutriments apportés ne sont disponibles pour la plante qu’après minéralisation de la matière organique par les microorganismes du sol. L’objectif de l’étude est donc de concevoir des stratégies de fertilisation organique qui permettent de restaurer la fertilité sur plusieurs années, en s’appuyant sur un modèle de bilan humique, validé expérimentalement en condition réelles sous culture de banane plantain.
Validación de la técnica qPCR con sonda TaqMan para el diagnóstico de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Raza 4 Tropical
Authors: Hernández Ramos Lervin , Ramírez Suárez Angel
Published: November 2024

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Raza 4 Tropical es el agente causal de la marchitez en musáceas. En México es una Plaga Cuarentenada no presente, bajo vigilancia activa. Recientemente, el patógeno se reportó en Colombia, Perú y Venezuela; como respuesta ante estas detecciones, en el CNRF se validó la técnica de qPCR para la detección del gen que codifica una proteína hipotética con sonda TaqMan. Los parámetros evaluados fueron: límite de detección (LOD): 0.00005 ng, sensibilidad 93.75 % de detectar verdaderos positivos. Especificidad 86 % con Cq < 33, 16% sin Cq Cutoff. Repetibilidad con un coeficiente de variación 3.18 %. Tasa de falsos positivos 1.56 %. Tasa de falsos negativos 8.33%. Reproducibilidad con un coeficiente de variación 3.07 %.
Co-ocurrencia de Fusarium raza 4 tropical y pudrición blanda bacteriana en plantaciones de banano orgánico Cavendish en Piura, Perú
Authors: E Vargas Jorge , Nuñez Esdwin , C Rojas Juan , Dita Miguel
Published: November 2024

La detección temprana y erradicación de plantas con síntomas de marchitez por Fusarium del banano (MFB) es esencial para su manejo. Sin embargo, síntomas de enfermedades como la pudrición blanda bacteriana (PBB) pueden confundirse con la MFB. En este trabajo se evaluó la incidencia y coocurrencia de la MFB (raza 4 tropical) y PBB en cinco parcelas de banano Cavendish en Piura, Perú. El 67% de las plantas evaluadas mostró síntomas de MFB. El 30% mostro ambas enfermedades. Solamente el 4% presentó síntomas de PBB. La coocurrencia de MFB y PBB sugiere la necesidad de capacitar a técnicos y productores para diferenciar y manejar correctamente estas enfermedades.
Evaluación de fungicidas para reducir la severidad de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense raza 1 en plantas de banano manzano
Authors: Orozco Santos Mario , Bermúdez Guzmán Manuel de Jesús
Published: November 2024

El efecto de los fungicidas ADEPIDYN® Technology y Tiabendazol fue evaluado para el control de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Raza 1 (FOCR1) en plantas de banano Manzano (Silk: AAB). Dos aplicaciones (0/30 y 0/60 días después de la inoculación del hongo) de los fungicidas ADEPIDYN® Technology y Tiabendazol, a los 192 días registraron porcentajes de infección por FocR1 en los cormos de 3-10% y 4-15%, respectivamente. Asimismo, los porcentajes de daño con los mismos fungicidas fueron de 2-4% y 4-10% cuando se aplicaron a los 0 y 60 días de la inoculación. Las plantas testigo (inoculadas con FOCR1) tuvieron un daño en el cormo de 60-70%. No se detectó toxicidad con ninguno de los fungicidas evaluados.
Uso de Melaleuca alternifolia para el manejo de pudrición de corona (Colletotrichum musae, Fusarium verticillioides) en postcosecha de banano
Authors: Flores-Yáñez José Alfredo , Vega-Gutiérrez Marco Tulio , Martinez-Bolaños Luciano , Torres-García Jesús , Fernández-Arroyo Juan Cristobal
Published: November 2024

Se evaluó la aplicación en postcosecha de un producto a base de Melaleuca alternifolia (a 2.0, 3.0 y 5.0 mL/L), se asperjaron 175 mL de mezcla/20 kg de fruta y posteriormente la fruta se refrigero a 15.5°C por 22 días, pasado este tiempo se puso a ±28°C y se evaluó el daño de pudrición de corona a los 3, 5 y 10 días. Los resultados mostraron que el producto a base de M. alternifolia en todas las dosis ofrece controles >50 %, además de estadísticamente las eficacias fueron similares a las de un fungicida químico (Azoxistrobin + Fludioxonil) a 1.5 mL/L, el cual logró eficacias de 83.3%.
Evaluación de alternativas a base de feromonas como manejo alternativo del complejo de picudos de banano en Urabá, Colombia
Authors: Benavides Martínez Angela , Feria Gómez Diego Felipe , Vicente A Carlos , Zapata Henao Sebastián
Published: November 2024

En el presente estudio, se realizó la evaluación de diferentes trampas para la captura de adultos del complejo de picudos de banano. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos: trampa con feromona Cosmolure®, trampa con feromona Rhynchophorol C®, trampa con feromona Rhynchophorol C® + Pseudotallo y solo Pseudotallo. Se registra la eficiencia en la captura de individuos y se correlacionan las capturas con algunos datos como diámetro de la planta, pH y textura del suelo. Los resultados mostraron que Cosmolure® fue la trampa que obtuvo mayor captura para picudo negro (Cosmopolites sordidus), Rhynchophorol C® + Pseudotallo para picudo rayado (Metamasius hemipterus) y solo pseudotallo para picudito (Polytus mellerborgii). Se encuentra correlación positiva entre capturas de Cosmolure® y el diámetro de la planta.
Evaluación de alternativas químicas y orgánicas al herbicida glifosato para el control de maleza en el cultivo de banano
Authors: Orozco-Santos Mario , García-Mariscal Karina de la Paz
Published: November 2024

Se evaluaron herbicidas químicos y orgánicos como alternativas al glifosato en banano. La aplicación de glufosinato de amonio (GDA), paraquat o glifosato tuvieron 87-95% de control de maleza a los 28 días de la aplicación. En cambio, la mezcla de postemergentes (paraquat o GDA) con indaziflam (preemergente) registraron 94-97% de eficacia a los 70 días. En otro ensayo, una aplicación de indaziflam más GDA tuvo un efecto residual de 167 días con 83% de control. Contrariamente, cinco aplicaciones de GDA o glifosato tuvieron un control similar. La aplicación de indaziflam, redujo en 80% la mano de obra y en 8% el costo de productos químicos. También, los bioherbicidas a base de compuestos orgánicos y biológicos aplicados a los 10 días de edad de la maleza, resultaron promisorios para el control de malas hierbas en el cultivo de plátano, registrando una efectividad biológica superior al 90% y pueden representar una alternativa agroecológica al uso de glifosato.
Propiedades fisicoquímicas y digestibilidad In vitro de harinas de bananos de cocción durante la maduración y el procesamiento
Authors: Larry Moreno Jhon , Tran Thierry , Dofour Dominique
Published: November 2024

Se evaluó el efecto del estado de maduración (verde y maduro) y el procesamiento (fresco y cocido) sobre las propiedades fisicoquímica y digestibilidad in vitro, de cuatro variedades de bananos de cocción cultivadas en Colombia. Se presentó cambios significativos (P<0.0001) en el contenido de almidón total, almidón resistente, almidón rápida y lentamente digestible, con la maduración y el procesamiento. La interacción (cultivar, estado de maduración y procesamiento), presentó un efecto altamente significativo (P<0.0001) sobre las propiedades funcionales y las propiedades de empastamiento de las harinas. Por lo tanto, el conocimiento de las características fisicoquímicas y nutricionales de los bananos de cocción permite una mejor selección en función de la aplicación industrial.
Actualidades en el manejo integrado de sigatoka negra en banano
Authors: Orozco-Santos Mario
Published: November 2024

La sigatoka negra o raya negra es la enfermedad más importante que afecta el follaje del cultivo del banano en el mundo (Guzmán et al., 2018). Desde su llegada al continente americano hace un poco más de 50 años, ha sido un problema creciente en todos los países productores de musáceas, debido a las características inherentes del patógeno (ascomiceto, hemibiotrófico con reproducción sexual y asexual). Su gran capacidad evolutiva (mutaciones y/o recombinaciones sexuales) ha provocado una mayor virulencia y una mejor adaptación a las regiones con ambiente tropical (húmedo, subhúmedo y seco) y subtropical (Orozco-Santos et al., 2013; Guzmán et al., 2018). Tanto los anamorfos como los teleomorfos están presentes en las hojas infectadas; sin embargo, las ascosporas producidas durante la etapa sexual desempeñan un papel importante en la epidemiología de la enfermedad (Marin et al., 2003). El control de sigatoka negra está basado principalmente en el control químico y en menor proporción en un control alternativo (aceites, biológicos, extractos vegetales e inductores de resistencia), siempre apoyados con el uso de prácticas culturales (Orozco-Santos et al., 2008). En este trabajo se presenta información sobre manejo integrado de sigatoka negra, haciendo énfasis en control cultural, control químico y alternativas amigables. Asimismo, se hace referencia al uso de mancozeb como parte fundamental en el manejo actual de la enfermedad. No obstante, el futuro de este ingrediente activo es incierto, por posibles restricciones en algunos países importadores (mercados internacionales), por lo que es prioritario la búsqueda de alternativas para reducir su uso e en su caso substituir esta molécula.
Situación actual del Moko bacteriano en Musáceas: Recomendaciones de manejo exitoso
Authors: Martínez-Bolaños Luciano , Contreras Martínez de Escobar Miguel Ángel , Martínez-Bolaños Misael , Manzo Sánchez Gilberto , Canto Canche Blondy
Published: November 2024

El Moko del plátano o marchitez bacteriana de las musáceas afecta de manera significativa al cultivo de plátanos y bananos en el mundo. Para su manejo se requieren medidas profilácticas y de exclusión que permitan reducir el riesgo de su diseminación a zonas libres de este problema fitosanitario. En zonas con presencia de la enfermedad, su manejo es difícil debido a la agresividad del patógeno y su fácil dispersión; para ello se deben de implementar estrategias eficientes y sostenibles para su erradicación o manejo. Una estrategia implica el uso de microorganismos benéficos y de extractos y aceites vegetales como parte de un manejo integrado y sostenible de esta enfermedad.
Plan de acción del gobierno de México ante la amenaza de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Raza 4 Tropical y otras enfermedades emergentes de musáceas
Authors: Ramírez y Ramírez Francisco
Published: November 2024

La Marchitez de las musáceas por Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Raza 4 Tropical-Foc R4T), es una plaga ausente en México. Por lo anterior, como parte de la gestión de riesgo, el SENASICA elaboró el Análisis de Riesgo de Plagas, por medio del cual se determinó que Foc R4T es una plaga de Riesgo Medio, se identificaron las posibles vías de introducción y se establecieron las medidas fitosanitarias para mitigar el riesgo. En los puntos de ingreso al país se realizan actividades de inspección dirigidas a productos y subproductos de musáceas para su intercepción, retención y destrucción; incluyendo la inspección a turistas de manera directa y no intrusiva. Desde el 2011 se realizan muestreos para la detección oportuna de plantas sospechosas a Foc R4T, las muestras son analizadas mediante un protocolo de diagnóstico robusto y armonizado a nivel internacional. Además, se realizan actividades de vinculación para comunicar el riesgo que representa la plaga y eventos de capacitación en el reconocimiento de síntomas sospechosos. Adicionalmente, el SENASICA coordina un proyecto para la generación de variedades resistentes y manejo integrado de la plaga mediante el aislamiento y evaluación de organismos antagonistas. A la fecha, las 685 muestras sospechosas a Foc R4T han resultado negativas.