bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gangguan Tidur pada Anak Usia Bawah Tiga Tahun di Lima Kota di Indonesia
Authors: Sekartini Rini , Adi Nuri Purwito
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Tidur merupakan salah satu kebutuhan dasar untuk tumbuh kembangoptimal bagi seorang anak. Pola tidur dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu faktorinternal pada diri anak dan faktor lingkungan fisik. Gangguan tidur dapat menyebabkanmasalah perilaku, emosi, menyebabkan mengantuk pada siang hari, dan dapatmempengaruhi konsentrasi belajar serta daya ingat anak.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi gangguan tidur pada anak usia bawah tiga tahunmenggunakan kuesioner BISQ serta hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi dengangangguan tidur.Metoda. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 385 anak usia bawah 3 tahun di 5 kota diIndonesia. Sejak Januari  Juni 2005. Sampel diperoleh secara consecutive sampling.Merupakan studi analitik seksi silang, menggunakan metode wawancara terpimpindengan kuesioner yang telah diuji coba dan formulir Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire(BISQ). Definisi gangguan tidur bila ditemukan satu atau lebih kondisi seperti lamatidur malam kurang dari 9 jam, terbangun pada malam hari lebih dari 3 kali dan lamaterbangun pada malam hari lebih dari 1 jam. Data diolah dan dianalisis dengan programSPSS 11, uji Chi-Square, Fishers Exact test dan Mann-Whitney U. Hubungan bermaknasecara statistik bila ditemukan nilai p < 0.005.Hasil. Prevalensi gangguan tidur ditemukan pada 44,2% dari 385 subyek terdiri dari198 anak laki-laki dan 187 anak perempuan. Rata-rata usia anak 12 bulan. Tingkatpendidikan orangtua sebagian besar tingkat pendidikan sedang, dengan 66,5% masukdalam katagori tingkat pendapatan rendah. Sebagian besar anak (43,1%) tidur padaposisi telentang, tidur bersama orangtua di tempat tidur yang sama (bed sharing)ditemukan pada 73,5% dan co-sleeping ditemukan pada 18,7%. Dalam cara menidurkananak 56,1% tertidur ketika disusui, dan dari uji statistik didapatkan hubungan bermaknaantara tertidur ketika disusui dengan gangguan tidur. Ditemukan pula hubunganbermakna antara jumlah waktu tidur siang dan waktu mulai tidur malam dengangangguan tidur. Sedangkan faktor sosiodemografi tidak berhubungan bermakna dengangangguan tidur. Meskipun demikian 42,3% orangtua beranggapan bahwa gangguantidur pada anak bukan merupakan suatu masalah.Kesimpulan. Prevalensi gangguan tidur pada anak bawah 3 tahun ditemukan pada44,2% kasus yang diteliti dengan rata-rata usia anak 12 bulan. Ditemukan hubunganbermakna secara statistik antara tertidur ketika disusui dan jumlah waktu tidur siangserta waktu mulai tidur malam dengan gangguan tidur. Tidak ditemukan hubunganbermakna secara statistik antara faktor sosiodemografi dan gangguan tidur. PerangkatBISQ dapat merupakan salah satu alat untuk skrining gangguan tidur pada anak.Prevalensi gangguan tidur yang tinggi dan perhatian orangtua yang kurang terhadapmasalah ini, perlu dilakukan penyebaran informasi dan penyuluhan kepada orang tuatentang manfaat tidur dan dampak yang ditimbulkan dari gangguan tidur.
Clinical Pathways Kesehatan Anak
Authors: Firmanda Dody
Published: January 2017

Clinical Pathways (CP) sebagai kunci utama untuk masuk ke dalam sistem pembiayaanyang dinamakan DRG-Casemix. Merupakan suatu konsep perencanaan pelayananterpadu yang merangkum setiap langkah yang diberikan kepada pasien berdasarkanstandar pelayanan medis dan asuhan keperawatan yang berbasis bukti dengan hasil yangterukur dan dalam jangka waktu tertentu selama di rumah sakit. Clinical Pathwaysmerupakan salah satu komponen dari Sistem DRG-Casemix yang terdiri dari kodefikasipenyakit dan prosedur tindakan (ICD 10 dan ICD 9-CM) dan perhitungan biaya (baiksecara top down costing atau activity based costing maupun kombinasi keduanya).Implementasi CP sangat erat berhubungan dan berkaitan dengan Clinical Governancedalam rangka menjaga dan meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dengan biaya yang dapatdiestimasikan dan terjangkau. Dalam menyusun Format Clinical Pathways harusdiperhatikan komponen yang harus dicakup sebagaimana definisi dari Clinical Pathways.Manfaatkan data yang telah ada di lapangan rumah sakit dan kondisi setempat sepertidata Laporan RL1 sampai dengan RL6 dan sensus harian.Variabel varians dalam CPdapat digunakan sebagai alat (entry point) untuk melakukan audit medis dan manajemenbaik untuk tingkat pertama maupun kedua (1st party and 2nd party audits) dalam rangkamenjaga dan meningkatkan mutu pelayanan. Variabel tindakan dalam CP dapatdigunakan sebagai alat (entry point) untuk melakukan surveilans Tim PengendalianInfeksi Nosokomial dan selanjutnya untuk menilai Health Impact Intervention. Variabelobat obatan dalam CP dapat digunakan sebagai alat (entry point) untuk melakukankegiatan evaluasi dan monitoring dari 5 Langkah 12 Kegiatan Tim Farmasi dan TerapiKomite Medik RS. Sekaligus secara tidak langsung menggalakkan penggunanan obatsecara rasional dan dapat melihat cermin dari penggunaan obat generik. CP dapatdigunakan sebagai salah satu alat mekanisme evaluasi penilaian risiko untuk mendeteksikesalahan aktif (active errors) dan laten (latent / system errors) maupun nyaris terjadi(near miss) dalam Manajemen Risiko Klinis (Clinical Risk Management) dalam rangkamenjaga dan meningkatkan keamanan dan keselamatan pasien (patient safety). Hasildan revisi CP dapat digunakan juga sebagai alat (entry point) untuk melakukan perbaikandan revisi Standar Pelayanan Medis dan asuhan Keperawatan yang bersifat dinamis danberdasarkan pendekatan Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) dan Evidence-based Nurse(EBN). Partisipasi aktif, komitmen dan konsistensi dari seluruh jajaran direksi,manajemen dan profesi harus dijaga dan dipertahankan demi terlaksana dan suksesnyaprogram Casemix di rumah sakit. Bila Sistem Casemix Rumah Sakit telah berjalan,maka untuk selanjutnya akan lebih mudah untuk masuk ke dalam sistem pembiayaanlebih lanjut yakni Health Resources Group (HRG). Peran profesi organisasi IDAI sangatstrategis dan penting dalam mengembangkan SPM dan Clinical Pathways sebagai acuanpedoman bagi setiap anggota profesi dalam melaksanakan praktik keprofesiannya.
Pendekatan Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pada Anak: laporan kasus
Authors: Rukmini Ni Ketut Prami , Kurniati Nia , Suyoko Dadi
Published: January 2017

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pertama kali dilaporkan pada awal tahun 1980-an,merupakan infeksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Penyakit ini telah menjadi pandemi yang meluassecara cepat khususnya di Afrika dan Asia. Pada tahun 2005 terdapat 40,3 juta orang di seluruh duniahidup dengan HIV/AIDS, termasuk diantaranya 4,9 juta infeksi baru dan 3,1 juta tercatat meninggaldunia.1-3 Selama tahun 2005, diperkirakan 700.000 anak di seluruh dunia baru terinfeksi HIV. Sekitar90% memperoleh infeksi dari ibunya selama kehamilan, kelahiran atau menyusui.4,5 Di Rumah SakitCipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Jakarta, prevalens anak yang terinfeksi HIV 46 anak sepanjang tahun2005. Manifestasi klinis HIV/AIDS ini bermacam-macam sesuai dengan derajat penyakit yang telah terjadi.5Dijumpai beberapa sistem klasifikasi untuk mendiagnosis infeksi HIV pada anak sehingga diharapkandapat menjadi pedoman tata laksana pasien HIV/AIDS.5-9 Tujuan laporan kasus ini untuk mendiskusikantentang anak yang dicurigai terinfeksi HIV, bagaimana menegakkan diagnosis, dan tata laksana AIDSpada anak
Pneumonia Pneumosistis
Authors: Gustawan I Wayan , Arhana BNP , Purniti Putu Siadi , Subanada IB , Wati K Dewi Kumara
Published: January 2017

Pneumonia pnemosistis merupakan penyebab kesakitan yang serius dan kematian pada kasus gangguansistem imun. Pneumonia pnemosistis merupakan infeksi oportunistik tersering pada kasus yang terinfeksiHIV, leukemia dan anak yang menerima transplantasi organ. Organisme penyebab adalah Pneumocystiscarinii. Manifestasi klinis berupa gangguan pernapasan disertai penyakit dasarnya. Diagnosis pasti ditegakkandengan ditemukannya organisme dalam pemeriksaan mikroskopis. Pengobatan secara umum terdiri daritata laksana suportif dan spesifik. Trimetoprim-sulfametoksasol masih merupakan pilihan pertama baikuntuk terapi maupun profilaksis. Angka kematian masih tinggi, terutama yang terlambat mendapat terapi.
Plagiarism Due to Misunderstanding: Online Instructor Perceptions
Authors: Greenberger Scott , Holbeck Rick , Steele John , Dyer Thomas
Published: January 2017

Plagiarism is an ongoing problem in higher education. This problem exists in both online and face-to-face modalities. The literature indicates that there are three ways higher education institutions define plagiarism, which includes theft, deception, and misunderstanding. Plagiarism due to misunderstanding has received less attention in the literature. In addition, research has shown that there are at least three different categories of misunderstanding, which include cultural, generational, and academic enculturation factors. In this study, a focus group of 14 online full-time instructors participated in discussing perceptions of plagiarism due to misunderstanding. The results show that instructors identified two primary causes of this kind of plagiarism, which were poor paraphrasing and incorrect citing of academic sources. In addition, the results showed that there were three primary approaches taken to address such cases, which were coaching, simply allowing the student to rewrite the assignment with limited feedback, and referring the student to a plagiarism tutorial. The findings indicate that online instructors may focus more on academic enculturation issues such as poor paraphrasing and incorrect citation and less on cultural and generational factors that may lead to unintentional plagiarism. Lastly, as part of a reflective critique, and in preparation for a pilot study, the authors constructed two vignettes as examples of cultural and generational factors that may contribute to such plagiarism.
Seam Properties and Sewability of Crease Resistant Shirt Fabrics
Authors: İlleez Alime Aslιi , Dalbaşιi Eylen Sema , Kayseri Gonca Özçelik
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crease resistant treatment on sewability and seam properties of cotton shirt fabrics. The effects of the fabric construction (plain, twill, and satin weaves), the concentration of crease resistant chemical, and the stitch density were investigated in terms of seam quality and sewability. Seam efficiency was calculated and the appearance of seams and creases were evaluated using standard methods. Furthermore, the sewability of the fabrics was measured with an L&M sewability tester. The results were then statistically evaluated. It was found that crease resistant treatment improved the seam efficiency, sewability, and appearance of creases, whereas no positive effect on seam appearance was observed.
On a decentralized trustless pseudo-random number generation algorithm
Authors: Popov Serguei
Published: January 2017

We construct an algorithm that permits
a large group of individuals to reach consensus on a random number,
without having to rely on any third parties.
The algorithm works with high probability if
there are less than 50 of colluding parties in the group.
We describe also some modifications and
generalizations of the algorithm.
Metabolic acidosis status and mortality in patients on the end stage of renal disease
Authors: Raikou Vaia D.
Published: January 2017

Background and Objectives

Uncorrected metabolic acidosis leads to higher death risk in dialysis patients. We observed the relationship between metabolic acidosis status and mortality rate in patients on renal replacement therapy during a median follow up time of 60 months.

Methods

We studied 76 patients on an on-line hemodiafiltration. The dialysis adequacy was defined by Kt/V for urea. The Framingham risk score (FRS) points were used to determine the 10-year risk for coronary heart disease. We examined the impact of high or low serum bicarbonate concentrations on mortality rate and on 10-year risk for coronary heart disease via the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox’s model was used to evaluate a combination of prognostic variables, such as dialysis adequacy defined by Kt/V for urea, age and serum bicarbonate concentrations.

Results

We divided the enrolled patients in three groups according to serum bicarbonate concentrations (< 20 mmol/L, 20-22 mmol/L and > 22 mmol/L). Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the impact of serum bicarbonate concentrations on overall mortality was found significant (log-rank = 7.8, P = 0.02). The prevalence of serum bicarbonate less or more than 20 mmol/L on high FRS (> 20%) by Kaplan-Meier curve was also found significant (log-rank = 4.9, P = 0.02). Cox’s model revealed the significant predictive effect of serum bicarbonate on overall mortality (P = 0.006, OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.12-1.98) in combination to Kt/V for urea and age.

Conclusion

Uncorrected severe metabolic acidosis, defined by serum bicarbonate concentrations less than 20 mmol/L, is associated with a 10-year risk for coronary heart disease more than 20% and high overall mortality in patients on renal replacement therapy.
Crystal structure of 4a-hydroxy-9-(3,5-dibromo-phenyl)-3,4,4a,5,6,7,9,9a-octahydro-2H-xanthene-1,8-dione, C19H18Br2O4
Authors: Li Jing , Zhou Weiwei , Sui Feng
Published: January 2017

C19H18Br2O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 14.323(3) Å, b = 7.6704(17) Å, c = 17.112(4) Å, β = 111.948(4)°, V = 1743.7(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0530, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1219, T = 296(2) K.
Isotope-abundance variations and atomic weights of selected elements: 2016 (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Coplen Tyler B. , Shrestha Yesha
Published: January 2017

There are 63 chemical elements that have two or more isotopes that are used to determine their standard atomic weights. The isotopic abundances and atomic weights of these elements can vary in normal materials due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay). These variations are well known for 12 elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, bromine, and thallium), and the standard atomic weight of each of these elements is given by IUPAC as an interval with lower and upper bounds. Graphical plots of selected materials and compounds of each of these elements have been published previously. Herein and at the URL http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7GF0RN2, we provide isotopic abundances, isotope-delta values, and atomic weights for each of the upper and lower bounds of these materials and compounds.
Fabrication, characterization, and application of polyester/wood flour composites
Authors: Wu Chin-San , Liao Hsin-Tzu
Published: January 2017

The mechanical properties, thermal properties, antibacterial activity, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and wood flour (WF) were evaluated. Maleic anhydride (MA)-grafted PHA (PHA-g-MA) and WF were used to enhance the desired characteristics of these composites. The PHA-g-MA/WF composites had better mechanical properties than the PHA/WF composites did. This effect was attributed to a greater compatibility between the grafted polyester and WF. Additionally, the PHA-g-MA/WF composites provided higher quality 3D printing strips and were more easily processed because of ester formation. The water resistance of the PHA-g-MA/WF composite was greater than that of PHA/WF. Moreover, WF enhanced the antibacterial activity of the composites. Composites of PHA-g-MA or PHA containing WF had better antibacterial activity.
Messraten statischer Einzelspiegel-Fourier-Transformations-Infrarotspektrometer bei Verwendung von Mikrobolometerdetektoren
Authors: Schardt Michael , Rauscher Markus S. , Murr Patrik J. , Tremmel Anton J. , Koch Alexander W.
Published: January 2017

Statische Einzelspiegel-Fourier-Transformations-Spektrometer ermöglichen Spektroskopie mit hohen Messraten im mittleren infraroten Spektralbereich, da sie geringe interne Lichtverluste aufweisen und gleichzeitig auf bewegliche Teile vollständig verzichten. In dieser Arbeit wird ein solches Spektrometer vorgestellt, optimiert und auf seine maximale Messrate hin untersucht. Ausgestattet mit einem ungekühlten Mikrobolometerarray als Detektor erlaubt es Bildwiederholraten bis 200 Hz bei einer Auflösung von 7.1 cm
–1 im Spektralbereich zwischen 1250 cm
–1 und 650 cm
–1. Durch die hohe thermische Zeitkonstante des Mikrobolometerarrays ist für quantitative spektrale Messungen die Messrate des Gesamtsystems auf 15 Hz zu reduzieren.
Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit dynamischer Kennwerte von Berührungsthermometern in strömender Luft
Authors: Augustin Silke , Fröhlich Thomas , Heydrich Marius
Published: January 2017

Bei der Messung mit Berührungsthermometern treten statische und dynamische thermische Messabweichungen auf. Der Wert und
der zeitliche Verlauf dieser Abweichungen werden u.a. beeinflusst durch Wärmetransportvorgänge im Thermometer, zwischen
Sensor, Einbauwand und Umgebung sowie dem zu messenden Medium. Zusätzlich wirken sich verschiedene Einflussgrößen auf die
primäre Abbildungsgröße der Temperatur (z. B. Widerstand, Thermospannung) und weitere Störgrößen in der Messkette auf den
Messwert aus.

Während die Messunsicherheit bei der Bestimmung der statisch-thermischen Messabweichung immer eine große Rolle gespielt
hat, wird sie bei der Ermittlung der dynamischen Kennwerte kaum betrachtet. Im Beitrag werden die Einflussfaktoren, die
sich auf die dynamischen Kennwerte der Berührungsthermometer auswirken, näher beleuchtet.
Performance Aspects and Physiological Responses in Male Amateur Boxing Competitions: A Brief Review
Authors: Slimani Maamer , Chaabène Helmi , Davis Philip , Franchini Emerson , Cheour Foued , Chamari Karim
Published: January 2017

Slimani, M, Chaabène, H, Davis, P, Franchini, E, Cheour, F, and Chamari, K. Performance aspects and physiological responses in male amateur boxing competitions: a brief review. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 1132–1141, 2017—Boxing is one of the most popular striking combat sports in the world. The aim of this review was to present data concerning performance analysis (time-motion and technical-tactical analysis) and physiological responses (i.e., blood lactate concentration [BLC], heart rate, and oxygen consumption) during novice and elite male simulated and official amateur boxing competitions in any age category. The present review shows that boxing competition is a high-intensity intermittent striking combat sport. Typically, the activity-to-rest ratio was higher in elite (18:1) than in novice (9:1) boxers and significant differences were observed between rounds (first round = 16:1, second round = 8:1, and third round = 6:1) in novice boxers. Thus, total stop-time and total stop-frequency increased over subsequent rounds in novice boxers. The technical-tactical aspects in elite and novice boxing bouts were different between rounds and dependent on the match outcome (i.e., winners vs. losers). Particularly, the current review highlights that triple-punch combinations, total combinations, block- and counter-punch combinations, total punches to the head, technical performance effectiveness, and defensive- and offensive-skills effectiveness may have contributed to win in novice and elite boxing competitions. Higher frequencies of technical movements were also observed in elite compared with novice boxers. From a physiological point of view, BLC increased significantly from postround 1 compared with postround 3 in novice boxing match. BLC was also higher in official than in simulated elite boxing matches in senior compared with junior boxers and in medium heavy-weight category compared with light- and medium-weight categories in junior boxing competition. A higher percentage of maximal heart rate (%HRmax) and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max) were reported in round 3 compared with rounds 2 and 1 in elite boxing competition. In conclusion, these data are useful for both technical–tactical and physical conditioning sessions. Coaches and fitness trainers are encouraged to adjust their training according to these particular characteristics, specifically in terms of age, participants' level, weight categories, and combat contest type.
The Effects of the Removal of Electronic Devices for 48 Hours on Sleep in Elite Judo Athletes
Authors: Dunican Ian C. , Martin David T. , Halson Shona L. , Reale Reid J. , Dawson Brian T. , Caldwell John A. , Jones Maddison J. , Eastwood Peter R.
Published: January 2017

Dunican, IC, Martin, DT, Halson, SL, Reale, RJ, Dawson, BT, Caldwell, JA, Jones, MJ, and Eastwood, PR. The effects of the removal of electronic devices for 48 hours on sleep in elite judo athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(10): 2832–2839, 2017—This study examined the effects of evening use of electronic devices (i.e., smartphones, etc.) on sleep quality and next-day athletic and cognitive performance in elite judo athletes. Over 6 consecutive days and nights, 23 elite Australian judo athletes were monitored while attending a camp at the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). In 14 athletes, all electronic devices were removed on days 3 and 4 (i.e., for 48 hours: the “device-restricted group”), whereas 9 were permitted to use their devices throughout the camp (the “control group”). All athletes wore an activity monitor (Readiband) continuously to provide measures of sleep quantity and quality. Other self-reported (diary) measures included time in bed, electronic device use, and rate of perceived exertion during training periods. Cognitive performance (Cogstate) and physical performance (single leg triple hop test) were also measured. When considering night 2 as a “baseline” for each group, removal of electronic devices on nights 3 and 4 (device-restricted group) resulted in no significant differences in any sleep-related measure between the groups. When comparing actigraphy-based measures of sleep to subjective measures, all athletes significantly overestimated sleep duration by 58 ± 85 minutes (p = 0.001) per night and underestimated time of sleep onset by 37 ± 72 minutes (p = 0.001) per night. No differences in physical or cognitive function were observed between the groups. Conclusion: This study has shown that the removal of electronic devices for a period of two nights (48 hours) during a judo camp does not affect sleep quality or quantity or influence athletic or cognitive performance.
Soluble cpg15 from Astrocytes Ameliorates Neurite Outgrowth Recovery of Hippocampal Neurons after Mouse Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Zhao Jing-Jing , Hu Jie-Xian , Lu De-Xin , Ji Chun-Xia , Qi Yao , Liu Xiao-Yan , Sun Feng-Yan , Huang Fang , Xu Ping , Chen Xian-Hua
Published: January 2017

The present study focuses on the function of cpg15, a neurotrophic factor, in ischemic neuronal recovery using transient global cerebral ischemic (TGI) mouse model and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated primary cultured cells. The results showed that expression of cpg15 proteins in astrocytes, predominantly the soluble form, was significantly increased in mouse hippocampus after TGI and in the cultured astrocytes after OGD. Addition of the medium from the cpg15-overexpressed astrocytic culture into the OGD-treated hippocampal neuronal cultures reduces the neuronal injury, whereas the recovery of neurite outgrowths of OGD-injured neurons was prevented when cpg15 in the OGD-treated astrocytes was knocked down, or the OGD-treated-astrocytic medium was immunoadsorbed by cpg15 antibody. Furthermore, lentivirus-delivered knockdown of cpg15 expression in mouse hippocampal astrocytes diminishes the dendritic branches and exacerbates injury of neurons in CA1 region after TGI. In addition, treatment with inhibitors of MEK1/2, PI3K, and TrkA decreases, whereas overexpression of p-CREB, but not dp-CREB, increases the expression of cpg15 in U118 or primary cultured astrocytes. Also, it is observed that the Flag-tagged soluble cpg15 from the astrocytes transfected with Flag-tagged cpg15-expressing plasmids adheres to the surface of neuronal bodies and the neurites. In conclusion, our results suggest that the soluble cpg15 from astrocytes induced by ischemia could ameliorate the recovery of the ischemic-injured hippocampal neurons via adhering to the surface of neurons. The upregulated expression of cpg15 in astrocytes may be activated via MAPK and PI3K signal pathways, and regulation of CREB phosphorylation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuronal plasticity plays a crucial role in the amelioration of neurological recovery of ischemic injured brain, which remains a challenge for clinic treatment of cerebral ischemia. cpg15 as a synaptic plasticity-related factor may participate in promoting the recovery process; however, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. The objective of this study is to reveal the function and mechanism of neuronal-specific cpg15 expressed in astrocytes after ischemia induction, in promoting the recovery of injured neurons. Our findings provided new mechanistic insight into the neurological recovery, which might help develop novel therapeutic options for cerebral ischemia via astrocytic-targeting interference of gene expression.
Impact of Altered Cholinergic Tones on the Neurovascular Coupling Response to Whisker Stimulation
Authors: Lecrux Clotilde , Sandoe Claire H. , Neupane Sujaya , Kropf Pascal , Toussay Xavier , Tong Xin-Kang , Lacalle-Aurioles María , Shmuel Amir , Hamel Edith
Published: January 2017

Brain imaging techniques that use vascular signals to map changes in neuronal activity rely on the coupling between electrophysiology and hemodynamics, a phenomenon referred to as “neurovascular coupling” (NVC). It is unknown whether this relationship remains reliable under altered brain states associated with acetylcholine (ACh) levels, such as attention and arousal and in pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. We therefore assessed the effects of varying ACh tone on whisker-evoked NVC responses in rat barrel cortex, measured by cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neurophysiological recordings (local field potentials, LFPs). We found that acutely enhanced ACh tone significantly potentiated whisker-evoked CBF responses through muscarinic ACh receptors and concurrently facilitated neuronal responses, as illustrated by increases in the amplitude and power in high frequencies of the evoked LFPs. However, the cellular identity of the activated neuronal network within the responsive barrel was unchanged, as characterized by c-Fos upregulation in pyramidal cells and GABA interneurons coexpressing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. In contrast, chronic ACh deprivation hindered whisker-evoked CBF responses and the amplitude and power in most frequency bands of the evoked LFPs and reduced the rostrocaudal extent and area of the activated barrel without altering its identity. Correlations between LFP power and CBF, used to estimate NVC, were enhanced under high ACh tone and disturbed significantly by ACh depletion. We conclude that ACh is not only a facilitator but also a prerequisite for the full expression of sensory-evoked NVC responses, indicating that ACh may alter the fidelity of hemodynamic signals in assessing changes in evoked neuronal activity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurovascular coupling, defined as the tight relationship between activated neurons and hemodynamic responses, is a fundamental brain function that underlies hemodynamic-based functional brain imaging techniques. However, the impact of altered brain states on this relationship is largely unknown. We therefore investigated how acetylcholine (ACh), known to drive brain states of attention and arousal and to be deficient in pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, would alter neurovascular coupling responses to sensory stimulation. Whereas acutely increased ACh enhanced neuronal responses and the resulting hemodynamic signals, chronic loss of cholinergic input resulted in dramatic impairments in both types of sensory-evoked signals. We conclude that ACh is not only a potent modulator but also a requirement for the full expression of sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling responses.
Creatine Enhances Mitochondrial-Mediated Oligodendrocyte Survival After Demyelinating Injury
Authors: Chamberlain Kelly A. , Chapey Kristen S. , Nanescu Sonia E. , Huang Jeffrey K.
Published: January 2017

Chronic oligodendrocyte loss, which occurs in the demyelinating disorder multiple sclerosis (MS), contributes to axonal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Current therapies are able to reduce MS severity, but do not prevent transition into the progressive phase of the disease, which is characterized by chronic neurodegeneration. Therefore, pharmacological compounds that promote oligodendrocyte survival could be beneficial for neuroprotection in MS. Here, we investigated the role of creatine, an organic acid involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) buffering, in oligodendrocyte function. We found that creatine increased mitochondrial ATP production directly in oligodendrocyte lineage cell cultures and exerted robust protection on oligodendrocytes by preventing cell death in both naive and lipopolysaccharide-treated mixed glia. Moreover, lysolecithin-mediated demyelination in mice deficient in the creatine-synthesizing enzyme guanidinoacetate-methyltransferase (Gamt) did not affect oligodendrocyte precursor cell recruitment, but resulted in exacerbated apoptosis of regenerated oligodendrocytes in central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Remarkably, creatine administration intoGamt-deficient and wild-type mice with demyelinating injury reduced oligodendrocyte apoptosis, thereby increasing oligodendrocyte density and myelin basic protein staining in CNS lesions. We found that creatine did not affect the recruitment of macrophages/microglia into lesions, suggesting that creatine affects oligodendrocyte survival independently of inflammation. Together, our results demonstrate a novel function for creatine in promoting oligodendrocyte viability during CNS remyelination.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe report that creatine enhances oligodendrocyte mitochondrial function and protects against caspase-dependent oligodendrocyte apoptosis during CNS remyelination. This work has important implications for the development of therapeutic targets for diseases characterized by oligodendrocyte death, including multiple sclerosis.
Mechanisms of NMDA Receptor- and Voltage-Gated L-Type Calcium Channel-Dependent Hippocampal LTP Critically Rely on Proteolysis That Is Mediated by Distinct Metalloproteinases
Authors: Wiera Grzegorz , Nowak Daria , van Hove Inge , Dziegiel Piotr , Moons Lieve , Mozrzymas Jerzy W.
Published: January 2017

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is widely perceived as a memory substrate and in the hippocampal CA3-CA1 pathway, distinct forms of LTP depend on NMDA receptors (nmdaLTP) or L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (vdccLTP). LTP is also known to be effectively regulated by extracellular proteolysis that is mediated by various enzymes. Herein, we investigated whether in mice hippocampal slices these distinct forms of LTP are specifically regulated by different metalloproteinases (MMPs). We found that MMP-3 inhibition or knock-out impaired late-phase LTP in the CA3-CA1 pathway. Interestingly, late-phase LTP was also decreased by MMP-9 blockade. When both MMP-3 and MMP-9 were inhibited, both early- and late-phase LTP was impaired. Using immunoblotting,in situzymography, and immunofluorescence, we found that LTP induction was associated with an increase in MMP-3 expression and activity in CA1 stratum radiatum. MMP-3 inhibition and knock-out prevented the induction of vdccLTP, with no effect on nmdaLTP. L-type channel-dependent LTP is known to be impaired by hyaluronic acid digestion. We found that slice treatment with hyaluronidase occluded the effect of MMP-3 blockade on LTP, further confirming a critical role for MMP-3 in this form of LTP. In contrast to the CA3-CA1 pathway, LTP in the mossy fiber-CA3 projection did not depend on MMP-3, indicating the pathway specificity of the actions of MMPs. Overall, our study indicates that the activation of perisynaptic MMP-3 supports L-type channel-dependent LTP in the CA1 region, whereas nmdaLTP depends solely on MMP-9.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVarious types of long-term potentiation (LTP) are correlated with distinct phases of memory formation and retrieval, but the underlying molecular signaling pathways remain poorly understood. Extracellular proteases have emerged as key players in neuroplasticity phenomena. The present study found that L-type calcium channel-dependent LTP in the CA3-CA1 hippocampal projection is critically regulated by the activity of matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP-3), in contrast to NMDAR-dependent LTP regulated by MMP-9. Moreover, the induction of LTP was associated with an increase in MMP-3 expression and activity. Finally, we found that the digestion of hyaluronan, a principal extracellular matrix component, disrupted the MMP-3-dependent component of LTP. These results indicate that distinct MMPs might act as molecular switches for specific types of LTP.
Cerebellar tDCS Modulates Neural Circuits during Semantic Prediction: A Combined tDCS-fMRI Study
Authors: D'Mello Anila M. , Turkeltaub Peter E. , Stoodley Catherine J.
Published: January 2017

It has been proposed that the cerebellum acquires internal models of mental processes that enable prediction, allowing for the optimization of behavior. In language, semantic prediction speeds speech production and comprehension. Right cerebellar lobules VI and VII (including Crus I/II) are engaged during a variety of language processes and are functionally connected with cerebral cortical language networks. Further, right posterolateral cerebellar neuromodulation modifies behavior during predictive language processing. These data are consistent with a role for the cerebellum in semantic processing and semantic prediction. We combined transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and fMRI to assess the behavioral and neural consequences of cerebellar tDCS during a sentence completion task. Task-based and resting-state fMRI data were acquired in healthy human adults (n= 32; μ = 23.1 years) both before and after 20 min of 1.5 mA anodal (n= 18) or sham (n= 14) tDCS applied to the right posterolateral cerebellum. In the sentence completion task, the first four words of the sentence modulated the predictability of the final target word. In some sentences, the preceding context strongly predicted the target word, whereas other sentences were nonpredictive. Completion of predictive sentences increased activation in right Crus I/II of the cerebellum. Relative to sham tDCS, anodal tDCS increased activation in right Crus I/II during semantic prediction and enhanced resting-state functional connectivity between hubs of the reading/language networks. These results are consistent with a role for the right posterolateral cerebellum beyond motor aspects of language, and suggest that cerebellar internal models of linguistic stimuli support semantic prediction.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCerebellar involvement in language tasks and language networks is now well established, yet the specific cerebellar contribution to language processing remains unclear. It is thought that the cerebellum acquires internal models of mental processes that enable prediction, allowing for the optimization of behavior. Here we combined neuroimaging and neuromodulation to provide evidence that the cerebellum is specifically involved in semantic prediction during sentence processing. We found that activation within right Crus I/II was enhanced when semantic predictions were made, and we show that modulation of this region with transcranial direct current stimulation alters both activation patterns and functional connectivity within whole-brain language networks. For the first time, these data show that cerebellar neuromodulation impacts activation patterns specifically during predictive language processing.
Ubiquitylation‐dependent oligomerization regulates activity of Nedd4 ligases
Authors: Attali Ilan , Tobelaim William Sam , Persaud Avinash , Motamedchaboki Khatereh , Simpson‐Lavy Kobi J , Mashahreh Bayan , Levin‐Kravets Olga , Keren‐Kaplan Tal , Pilzer Inbar , Kupiec Martin , Wiener Reuven , Wolf Dieter A , Rotin Daniela , Prag Gali
Published: January 2017

Ubiquitylation controls protein function and degradation. Therefore, ubiquitin ligases need to be tightly controlled. We discovered an evolutionarily conserved allosteric restraint mechanism for Nedd4 ligases and demonstrated its function with diverse substrates: the yeast soluble proteins Rpn10 and Rvs167, and the human receptor tyrosine kinase FGFR1 and cardiac IKS potassium channel. We found that a potential trimerization interface is structurally blocked by the HECT domain α1‐helix, which further undergoes ubiquitylation on a conserved lysine residue. Genetic, bioinformatics, biochemical and biophysical data show that attraction between this α1‐conjugated ubiquitin and the HECT ubiquitin‐binding patch pulls the α1‐helix out of the interface, thereby promoting trimerization. Strikingly, trimerization renders the ligase inactive. Arginine substitution of the ubiquitylated lysine impairs this inactivation mechanism and results in unrestrained FGFR1 ubiquitylation in cells. Similarly, electrophysiological data and TIRF microscopy show that NEDD4 unrestrained mutant constitutively downregulates the IKS channel, thus confirming the functional importance of E3‐ligase autoinhibition.
LPS infusion suppresses serum FGF21 levels in healthy adult volunteers
Authors: Lauritzen Esben S , Rittig Nikolaj , Bach Ermina , Møller Niels , Bjerre Mette
Published: January 2017

Context

During the inflammatory acute phase response, plasma glucose and serum triglycerides are increased in humans. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 has plasma glucose and lipid-reducing actions, but its role in the acute inflammatory response in human is unknown.

Objective

To investigate circulating levels of FGF21 after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion.

Design

Two randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trials were used.

Setting

The studies were performed at a university hospital clinical research center.

Patients and interventions

Study 1 (LPS bolus): Eight young, healthy, lean males were investigated two times: (1) after isotonic saline injection and (2) after LPS injection (bolus of 1 ng/kg). Each study day lasted 4 h. Study 2 (continuous LPS infusion): Eight, healthy males were investigated two times: (1) during continuously isotonic saline infusion and (2) during continuous LPS infusion (0.06 ng/kg/h). Each study day lasted 4 h. Circulating FGF21 levels were quantified every second hour by an immunoassay.

Results

A LPS bolus resulted in a late suppression (t = 240 min) of serum FGF21 (P = 0.035). Continuous LPS infusion revealed no significant effects on FGF21 levels (P = 0.82).

Conclusions

Our studies show that a bolus of LPS results in decreased FGF21 levels 4 h from exposure.
"El ajuste tiene rostro de mujer”: A 20 años de la plataforma de Beijing, las desigualdades se profundizan
Authors: Bard Wigdor Gabriela
Published: January 2017

Argentina se encuentra viviendo una transición política y económica que en pocos meses muestra repercusiones sociales de extrema preocupación. En franca contradicción con los compromisos asumidos por parte de nuestro país en la conferencia de Beijing (1995) y a veinte años de su celebración, las mujeres argentinas, como sucede con las europeas, parecen enfrentarse a nuevos retrocesos en los derechos sociales conquistados y escasas perspectivas de lograr avances en las deudas pendientes de la democracia. Despidos masivos de áreas del Estado, cierre del programa de “Atención a la Víctima de Violencia de Género”, restricción de recursos para las políticas de salud sexual y reproductiva; y otras repercusiones sociales producto de las medidas económicas-políticas que implementa el capitalismo en su versión neoliberal, agudizan la condición subalterna de las mujeres en razón de su género, clase y origen geográfico. Como lo muestra la historia argentina y la experiencia europea actual, más aún en los sectores populares, ante las crisis económicas, las mujeres se constituyen en el ejército industrial de reserva que se torna mano de obra disponible y flexible. En efecto, cuando el Estado deja de asumir funciones relacionadas con su rol de garante de derechos y hacedor de políticas sociales, las mujeres lo sustituyen y asumen aún más responsabilidades que las habituales, casi siempre relacionadas con la salud, la nutrición y los cuidados, lo cual afecta el acceso y ejercicio de sus derechos humanos.
Human Rights Education in Argentina: Notes on the process of incorporating human rights in educational contexts
Authors: Fernández Mónica
Published: January 2017

En este trabajo se efectúa una caracterización sintética de los diversos contextos políticos y económicos que fueron habilitando la incorporación de los derechos humanos en diversas instituciones de la República Argentina, pasando por zonas educativas informales y no formales; es decir, comunitarias y jurídicas, hasta llegar a formar parte de las currículas de todos los niveles educativos. El propósito es visualizar cómo se fue desarrollando y desde cuáles esferas de la cultura se fue impulsando y demandando la necesidad de educar en y para los derechos humanos. Dado que uno de los fines de la educación es la necesidad de formar a la ciudadanía, este artículo pretende hacer visible que los derechos humanos son un modo de ejercerla y que la esfera educativa es el contexto propiamente dicho para que los derechos humanos se respeten en las diversas prácticas culturales.
Factors associated with work ability index (WAI) among intensive care units’ (ICUs’) nurses
Authors: Rostamabadi Akbar , Zamanian Zahra , Sedaghat Zahra
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Work ability is a crucial occupational health issue in health care settings where a high physical and psychosocial work capacity is required and a high risk of disabling injuries and illnesses is predictable. This study aims to examine the association between the work ability index (WAI) and individual characterizations, workload, fatigue, and diseases among intensive care units’ (ICUs’) nurses.

Methods

The study sample included 214 nurses selected by a random sampling method from a target population consisting of 321 registered nurses working in eight ICUs. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the association between WAI scores and each of the independent variables.

Results

Results of multivariate analysis revealed a strong and negative association between WAI scores and diseases (B=−5.82, 95% CI=−7.16, −4.48, P<0.001). Among the studied individual characterizations, body mass index (BMI) was significantly and inversely associated with WAI scores. A significant and negative association was also found between WAI scores and dimensions of MFI−20, such as general fatigue (B=−0.31, 95% CI=−0.53, −0.09, P=0.005) and physical fatigue (B=−0.44, 95% CI =−0.65, −0.23, P<0.001). From dimensions of workload, frustration (B=−0.04, 95% CI=−0.07, −0.02, P< 0.001) and temporary demand (B=−0.04, 95% CI=−0.08, −0.0001, P=0.04) showed a negative and significant association with WAI scores, while performance showed a positive and significant association (B=0.04, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.07, P=0.005).

Conclusions

Based on the study findings, development of health care programs with the aim of setting up a healthy work environment characterized by a well-structured preventive attitude toward controlling diseases, and a well-designed organizational framework toward increasing the level of performance and motivation, reducing the level of fatigue, as well as reducing the workload, is necessary to promote work ability among ICUs’ nurses.
Um elo entre letramento digital e o ensino de inglês para a formação de leitores brasileiros
Authors: Pallu Nelza Mara
Published: January 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma experiência realizada com o objetivo de enriquecer a formação de professores de inglês, de modo que eles interagissem de forma mais contundente na formação de leitores, propiciando condições significativas à aprendizagem. O trabalho foi proposto através de um projeto específico, denominado Projeto Literamento nas Aulas de Inglês (PLAI), inserido no Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID Letras/Inglês e aplicado em turmas do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola da Rede Estadual de Ensino do Paraná. A metodologia adotada privilegiou a integração dos estudos do Letramento Crítico, do Letramento Digital, da Literatura e das Abordagens Discursivas para o ensino de Línguas Estrangeiras. Os resultados demonstraram que esta composição metodológica multifacetada proporcionou a construção de atividades inovadoras nas aulas de inglês e promoveu o interesse e a motivação da aprendizagem, favorecendo a inserção de todos os participantes do projeto no mundo dos letramentos. Os dados revelaram ainda que o uso de tecnologias e da literatura nas aulas de inglês favoreceu o processo de formação de leitores. Contudo, para o desafio do letramento dos sujeitos é necessário investir na formação inicial e continuada de professores nas universidades em todas as áreas do conhecimento. O programa PIBID pode ser o local propício para junção destes esforços.
Recursos educacionais multimidiáticos para o estímulo à leitura na educação infantil
Authors: Andersen Elenice Larroza
Published: January 2017

Este artigo analisa recursos educacionais para a leitura na educação infantil disponibilizados em uma plataforma governamental, seguindo a tendência de olhar a primeira infância como a base do desenvolvimento humano (MARCO LEGAL PARA A PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA, 2013). Defende, a partir de abordagens cognitivas do desenvolvimento, que o uso de recursos educacionais multimidiáticos para essa fase requer atenção especial, sobretudo quanto à adequação dessas ferramentas às necessidades cognitivas e linguísticas na infância. Defende, igualmente, que o uso de ferramentas mais próximas à realidade das crianças pode funcionar como incentivo à leitura, promover o multiletramento (ROJO e MOURA, 2012), e, dessa forma, agir como fator de proteção para dificuldades de leitura presentes na educação básica. A análise qualitativa baseou-se em três categorias: (i) objetivos do recurso; (ii) adequação do recurso à fase de desenvolvimento linguístico e cognitivo da criança; e (iii) adequação do recurso à pedagogia do multiletramento. Conclui que há uma carência de variedade de recursos educacionais disponibilizados, com predomínio de uma mídia em detrimento de outras, e um empobrecimento na qualidade desses recursos. Com isso, outras fontes para o trabalho com a linguagem na educação infantil são sugeridas.
Los movimientos oculares como herramienta metodológica para el estudio de las dificultades de lectura en niños con TDAH
Authors: Escudero Inmaculada , Martínez Paloma , León José Antonio
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho objetiva mostrar a utilidade que a metodologia de movimentos oculares possui para o estudo do TDAH, mais especificamente, para analisar as dificuldades de leitura em crianças com TDAH. Para tanto, realizamos uma breve exposição dos principais problemas de leitura percebidos nessa população. Fazemos, ademais, uma apresentação das principais pesquisas realizadas até o momento, centradas em analisar os movimentos oculares na realização de diversas tarefas cognitivas em sujeitos com TDAH para, em seguida, passar ao âmbito da leitura. Na sequência, finalizamos o artigo com uma breve discussão sobre algumas das implicações clínicas, psicológicas e educativas advindas dessa metodologia no que tange ao estudo da leitura em crianças com TDAH.
Tecnologias no aprendizado e no ensino da leitura e da escrita em perspectiva psicolinguística e interfaces
Authors: Pereira Vera Wannmacher , Viana Fernanda Leopoldina , Gonçalves Tamiris Machado
Published: January 2017

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