bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Petrophysical Modeling Based on Porosity Partitioning, a Case Study in Thamama Formation
Authors: Menon Pradeep , Ali Abdulla , Guergour Mohamed N. , Ebeid Mahmoud , Jeong Jaehoon , Darous Christophe
Published: November 2016

What makes a petrophysical model robust is the understanding of the relationships between its petrophysical properties, typically porosity, permeability, and saturation. In carbonates, and particularly in limestones, the pore geometry and connectivity are often not uniform which can lead to lack of correlation between porosity, permeability, and saturation.

This study explains how the combination of core analyses, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and borehole image logs was used to build a permeability transform that considers the pore size distribution and connectivity. The permeability model is based on a dual medium pore network concept that combines the macro pore network with the micro and meso pore network according to their relative pore volume. The saturation height functions are defined based on the rock characteristics that honor the capillary pressure (Pc) core data behavior.

The comparison of the pore size partitioning from NMR logs or borehole image processing with the core description and digital core photos provided important information on how to process and interpret both log and core data. The pore size distribution was associated with depositional and diagenetic processes that were used during the 3D modeling of the macro porosity. After the porosity and the macro-porosity were modelled using geological concepts and geostatistics, the permeability in the 3D static model is directly computed using the function defined from core and logs. The saturation height functions (SHF) are defined from routine and capillary pressure (Pc) core data to be consistent with the pore size classification used to define the permeability model. The saturation height modeling is ultimately adjusted by combining the free water level (FWL) from pressure data, SHF from Pc data, and log-derived water saturation.

All the properties of the model are consistent between each other and can be updated with new wells very easily since only porosity and its macro porosity volume need to be re-populated with the data from the new wells.

The construction of empirical permeability models in particular in carbonates that use the pore size distribution has been established in the past generally at the core to log level. This work revisits the construction of those analytical permeability models by using a dual-media pore network concept and illustrates the advantages to use those functions directly in the 3D modeling construction and update.
Estimating Ultimate Recovery and Economic Analysis of Shale Oil Wells in Eagle Ford and Bakken
Authors: Darugar Qusai , Heinisch Dennis , Lundy Brian J. , Witte Pascal , Wu Weiwei , Zhou Songsheng
Published: November 2016

Estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) and well economics are two subjects of high interest for unconventional wells, especially during the downturn of the market when the profitability of unconventional oil/gas becomes marginal. In this work, the authors investigated a few models that are commercially available for EUR assessment and developed a mathematical model for evaluating shale oil economics.

EUR is typically assessed by a Decline Curve Analysis (DCA). The authors applied different models (including Arps’ and multi-segment) to estimate EURs. The influence of the length of production data on EUR is also analyzed. A comprehensive approach was taken to analyze all major costs that occur in every phase from leasing to well abandonment. Eventually, a mathematical model is established which enables the estimation of well economics by use of publicly available data, e.g., production data, well total depth, and stimulation treatment.

By applying the estimated EURs in the newly developed model, the authors analyzed the economics of more than 3900 shale oil wells in Eagle Ford and Bakken. Results show that the mean breakeven oil prices in Eagle Ford and Bakken are, respectively, $69/bbl and $63/bbl. At an oil price of $50/bbl, more than 60% of the wells in those two shale plays are not profitable.
Oxygen Enrichment in Sulphur Plants to Reduce the Life Cycle Costs of New-Build, Large Gas Plants
Authors: Borraccia Adriano , Roux Adriaan , Street Robin , Pollitt Steve , Guzmann Dr. Marcus , Neuhaus Oliver , Puetz Thomas , Pirard Jolien
Published: November 2016

Oxygen enrichment is a well-known economic and reliable method of debottlenecking existing Sulphur Recovery Units (SRU) with minimal capital investment. It can also eliminate the need for fuel gas co-firing in the reaction furnace, required to maintain the correct temperature for contaminant destruction, for example for destruction of benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) in the acid gas.

The concept of oxygen enrichment is simple: by replacing air with enriched air or pure oxygen the volumetric flow through the SRU decreases allowing more acid gas to be fed to the system – resulting in increased sulphur production capacity without the need for significant modifications to existing equipment or major changes to the process plant pressure profile.

This paper specifically considers the application of oxygen enrichment to the design of new-build large gas plants where the feed acid gas is lean (has low H2S content) and contains BTX. Such plants typically require feed gas and/or combustion air preheating and the use of fuel gas co-firing and have not, historically, been considered for oxygen enriched operation. The effects of oxygen enrichment in such cases are presented and the resulting benefits in capital cost and operating cost reductions.

An important part of the economic assessment is the supply of oxygen and the paper will provide guidance on the selection of the oxygen production technology - including cost indications depending on required oxygen volumes and oxygen-enrichment levels to be applied in the desulfurization process.

The analysis focuses on a number of areas which include: –Equipment size: due to the smaller volumetric gas flowrate processed in oxygen enriched plants SRU and Tail Gas Treatment Unit (TGTU) equipment will be smaller compared to conventional air design and in the case of multiple trains it can even reduce the number of trains required.–Oxygen supply: The additional cost of the oxygen production; oxygen supply costs are considered as OPEX being supplied by industrial gas company, thus not requiring CAPEX.–Fuel Gas consumption: When fuel gas co-firing is required in the Reaction Furnace for contaminant destruction, the use of oxygen enrichment reduces or eliminates co-firing requirements. There are also savings in fuel gas consumption in the thermal oxidiser downstream of the TGTU.–Power consumption: this is reduced due to the smaller equipment required for the same sulphur capacity. Savings are also seen due to the reduced air demand and size of the combustion air blower.
Over-Design Bias - Pitfalls and Recourses
Authors: Al-Ghanem F. A. , Singhal V.
Published: November 2016

All good equipment & system designs include certain margins to deliver operational flexibility, mechanical integrity and high availability under unforeseen variations in operating conditions. However, the adequacy & veracity of these margins has long been an issue of discussion. Project facility design goes through many cycles of reviews & updating during which, margins are added resulting in equipment or facilities that are difficult and expensive to operate & maintain. Reasons for over-design include working in silos, incorrect input-data, inappropriate simulation correlations and/or assumptions, non-linear incremental cost for upsizing, large project-cycle-time, lack of precedence, avoiding penalties etc. and last but not least, regional culture. This paper discusses the problems & root-causes associated with over-design, its evolution through various project stages & possible opportunities to limit over-design in up-stream oil & gas industry through real-life examples. This philosophy was utilized in recent projects and led to capex & opex savings besides delivering technically efficient systems. As majority of over-design cases relate to green-field projects, brown-field projects will not be discussed. Though over-design bias & its pitfalls apply globally to all sectors of the oil & gas industry, discussion will be focused around surface gas handling facilities (compressors mainly & brief references to pipelines, gas treatment units).
End of Linear Flow Time Picking in Long Transient Hydraulically Fractured Wells to Correctly Estimate the Permeability, Fracture Half-Length and Original Gas in Place in Liquid Rich Shales
Authors: Dahraj Naeem Ul. , Ali Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Noman
Published: November 2016

Formation permeability (k) and fracture half-length (Xf) determination provides the ability to economically optimize well and fracture spacing. For wellbores completed in the gas-condensate and oil window (producing below saturation pressure) two-phase flow occurs from the fracture face increasing in distance until it reaches the no flow boundary from the adjacent fracture face along a horizontal wellbore. Thereafter the flow becomes boundary dominated. It becomes challenging to precisely pick the end of linear flow time and the start of boundary dominated flow regime due to long transient region in shales (low permeability nature).

End of linear flow time is used to calculate both the permeability and original gas in place (OGIP) using production data. Existing practices in the literature suggest to pick the end of linear flow time implicitly from the plot of reciprocal rate vs cumulative production. The deviation on the line is termed as typically the time at which linear flow has ended. However, considering the lengthy transition regions in shales, this involves a great deal of error as the end of linear flow time is not calculated mathematically but picked on the analyst's eyeballing practices. Thus, a small mispick of end of linear flow time could result in substantially misleading permeability and OGIP.

The primary work presented in this paper resolves the selection of end of linear flow time by proposing a technique which involves production data analysis equations and statistical methods along with graphical techniques to calculate and rightly pick the end of linear flow time. Since gas condensate ratio (GCR) remains constant during the linear flow regime, our methodology also involves reverification of the end of linear flow time. This is done by picking the increase in GCR which happens at the end of linear flow on the plot of cumulative production versus the GCR.

While the procedure involved laboratory fluids, special core analysis, and numerical simulation, the methodology lends to a wide range of liquid-rich reservoirs where linear flow analysis is appropriate.
CO2 Wettability of Shales and Coals as a Function of Pressure, Temperature and Rank: Implications for CO2 Sequestration and Enhanced Methane Recovery
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Barifcani Ahmed , Zubair Talha , Lebedev Maxim , Iglauer Stefan
Published: November 2016

The underground geological CO2 storage into oil and gas reservoirs and/or saline aquifers is a promosing technique to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions which thus ensures clean environment. CO2 can also be injected into coal beds and shale formations where it gets trapped by means of adsorption trapping with additional benefits of enhanced methane recovery. In this context, wettability of CO2/coal/brine and CO2/shale/brine systems plays an important role in governing the suitable storage conditions. Wettability of a given system is a function of injection pressure, reservoir temperature and type of the coal or shale. Despite the vital benefits, relatively less attention has been given to CO2 injection in coals and shales for storage and enhanced methane recovery purposes. Therefore, in order to access the storage potential in coals and shales, we experimentally tested CO2-wettability by advancing and receding contact angles measurement using a drop-pendant titled plate technique for coals of high, medium and low ranks (data taken from previous work) and three organic-rich shale samples of varying TOC at in-situ pressure and temparture conditions. We found that both advancing and receding contact angles increased with increase in pressure and decreased with increase in temperature irrespective of the type of sample analysed. Moreover, at any given pressure and temperature, high rank coals exhibited higher values of contact angles (more CO2-wet surfaces) in comparison to low rank coals. Similarly, high-TOC shales were more non-wetting as compared to low TOC shales. In summary, higher the organic carbon content of coal/shale, higher were the CO2-wettability of the system under investigation. The increased CO2-wettability of coals and shales implies that the injected CO2 will be distributed rather uniformly in organic material of the coal or shale formation thus resulting in better adsorption of CO2 into the micropores. Moreover, since it is experimentally proven by previous studies that adsorption capacity of CO2 is up to ~9 times higher than that of CH4, therefore, higher CO2-wettablity will result in improved displacement of methane towards production wells due to preferential adsorption of CO2 over CH4. We finally conclude that high rank coals and high-TOC shales are better for CO2 storage and methane gas prodcution due to better CO2-wetting and that the benefits are further improved if formation temperature is low and injection pressure is high. The results of this study, therefore, lead to a guideline for optimum coal and shale formation selection for CO2 injection.
Enhancing Recoveries from a Low Permeable Gas-Condensate Reservoir through Hydraulic-Fracturing & EOR Technologies
Authors: Ahmed Sheraz , Khakwani Atta M. , Ahmed Ijaz , Khan Osama H.
Published: November 2016

The Retrograde Gas-condensate systems have always been found unique both in their flow behavior and their ultimate recovery. This is mainly because of the process of condensation that takes place around the wellbore creating a region of condensate drop out resulting in flow impedance. In addition to it, the dependency of relative permeabilities on positive and negative velocities due to coupling and inertia respectively, further complicates the flow performance. These factors, thus, make an optimum production from these systems a very challenging and difficult task. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to present a systematic approach towards the recovery optimization of such a low permeable gas condensate reservoir in Pakistan.

There are different production enhancement techniques that are applied to retrograde systems, among which Hydraulic Fracturing (HF) is a very common exercise. This Fracturing, however, also needs the optimization of geometry (i.e. width and length) and flow (i.e. rate) parameters to make it of high value. But, in some instances, despite of the enhanced flow behavior by HF, considerable amount of valuable gas and liquid might still be lost. Therefore, the recovery can be further optimized through techniques such as Water Flood (to increase the pressure back above the dew point), Miscible Gas or CO2 flooding etc.

This study first illustrates the impact of coupling and inertia on hydraulically fractured wells, using 3D reservoir simulation on real time data. A one well sector model is initially developed after validating the history match of the whole field model. Afterwards, the data from the Hydraulic Fracturing jobs, is incorporated to evaluate the positive and negative effects of the gas velocity, along with the recommendations on frac-geometry optimization for such gas condensate reservoirs.

The paper then illustrates the application of different Enhanced Oil Recovery methods on the whole field, using detailed compositional simulation, keeping in view the limitations of hydraulic fracture – as it may not be the answer to optimized recovery. Eventually, a comprehensive strategy has been presented, summarizing all the factors having maximum influence on the ultimate recovery and illustrate the operational and economic aspects of such technologies, to increase the overall gas and condensate production from the field.
Eat Your Way to Better Health: Evaluating a Garden-based Nutrition Program for Youth
Authors: Kararo Matthew J. , Orvis Kathryn S. , Knobloch Neil A.
Published: November 2016

Eat Your Way to Better Health (EYWTBH) is a garden-based nutrition education program that was conducted and evaluated for 3 years in Indiana third-grade classrooms. Program participants started and maintained their own school gardens as a part of an authentic experiential learning curriculum designed to reconnect youth with where their food comes from and educate about healthy eating habits. Implementation lasted between 8 and 12 weeks and outcomes were evaluated using pre- and postprogram questionnaires. Results showed that upon completion of the EYWTBH program, youth reported a higher healthy food choice self-efficacy, as well as a higher variety of fruit and vegetable consumption. Relationships among the variables were identified and discussed in the context of improving future school garden nutrition programs.
Developing an Asynchronous Online Tennessee Master Nursery Producer Program
Authors: Marble S. Christopher , Fulcher Amy , Karel Richard
Published: November 2016

Asynchronous online extension classes, in which content is made available on demand, can reach a larger audience, offer more scheduling flexibility, and reduce the strain on limited time and financial resources for extension faculty and staff. In comparison with traditional extension programming (in-person presentations) or online synchronous programming (live webinars), asynchronous programs can require significant time and resources during the initial development stages, including advanced planning and dedicated contributors as well as ongoing information technology (IT) infrastructure and maintenance. The objective of this article is to summarize the development process and inputs needed to successfully develop an online asynchronous extension program based on the authors’ experience developing the Tennessee Master Nursery Producer Program (TMNP). The TMNP is a certificate program for nursery growers in Tennessee designed to improve growers’ long-term environmental, economic, and community sustainability. Developing the online TMNP required three key positions: project coordinator, e-learning specialist, and content developer which spent 473, 401, and 847 hours, respectively, during the development process. Detailed information on development time, requirements, and suggestions for other institutions wishing to develop similar programs is offered.
Impact of Indole-3-Butyric Acid on Adventitious Root Development from Cuttings of Tea
Authors: Mello Simone da Costa , Angelotti-Mendonça Jéssika , Riboldi Lucas Baiochi , Dall’Orto Luigi Tancredi Campo , Suguino Eduardo
Published: November 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at concentrations of 0, 30, 60, and 90 mg·L−1, for 24 hours, on rooting of softwood and semihardwood cuttings of tea (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ‘Yabukita’ and C. sinensis var. assamica ‘IAC-259’) collected in winter and summer. In the summer, IBA increased root percentage of softwood cuttings from ‘Yabukita’ compared with the control. However, the rooting of semihardwood cuttings was unaffected by this growth regulator. In winter, application of 90 mg·L−1 IBA increased the rooting regardless of the type of ‘Yabukita’ cuttings. In addition, in ‘IAC-259’, there was an increase in dry weight, number of roots (NOR), and rooting percentage of softwood cuttings collected in summer with application of 90 mg·L−1 IBA compared with control. In contrast, during the same period of the year, the semihardwood cuttings of ‘IAC-259’ were unaffected by the IBA. In winter, the percentage of cutting survival, rooting, the number, and length of roots were unaffected by IBA in ‘IAC-259’. Overall, we would recommend the use of exogenous IBA for rooting of cuttings collected in the summer or winter.
Updating national standards for drinking-water: a Philippine experience
Authors: Lomboy M. , Riego de Dios J. , Magtibay B. , Quizon R. , Molina V. , Fadrilan-Camacho V. , See J. , Enoveso A. , Barbosa L. , Agravante A.
Published: November 2016

The latest version of the Philippine National Standards for Drinking-Water (PNSDW) was issued in 2007 by the Department of Health (DOH). Due to several issues and concerns, the DOH decided to make an update which is relevant and necessary to meet the needs of the stakeholders. As an output, the water quality parameters are now categorized into mandatory, primary, and secondary. The ten mandatory parameters are core parameters which all water service providers nationwide are obligated to test. These include thermotolerant coliforms or Escherichia coli, arsenic, cadmium, lead, nitrate, color, turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids, and disinfectant residual. The 55 primary parameters are site-specific and can be adopted as enforceable parameters when developing new water sources or when the existing source is at high risk of contamination. The 11 secondary parameters include operational parameters and those that affect the esthetic quality of drinking-water. In addition, the updated PNSDW include new sections: (1) reporting and interpretation of results and corrective actions; (2) emergency drinking-water parameters; (3) proposed Sustainable Development Goal parameters; and (4) standards for other drinking-water sources. The lessons learned and insights gained from the updating of standards are likewise incorporated in this paper.
DIFFERENCE IN BODY WEIGHT OF PERSONS WITH ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY — PATIENTS OF ADVISORY POLYCLINIC INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Kravchun N. A. , Misyura E. V. , Baluk M. A. , Kazakov A. V. , Zubko M. I.
Published: November 2016

According to the results of measurement of height, weight and body mass index counting 730residents of a large industrial city over 18 years, applied to the advisory clinic of endocrinologyprofile, it was characterized the frequency of their normal weight, overweight and obesity based onsexual characteristics and the nature of endocrine pathology. It was revealed that 49 % of men and66 % of women with type 2 diabetes, 50 % of men and 82 % of women with hypothalamic-pituitarydysfunction, 8 % of men and 35 % of women with thyroid disease, had obesity in varying degrees ofseverity. It was concluded the need for further research in the direction of objective evaluation ofthe degree of risk of cardiovascular disease and other debilitating pathologies development associatedwith excess body weight, depending on the sex, body weight, the nature of endocrine pathology, aswell as to explore possible pathogenic factors contributing to the accumulation of excess fat tissue inpatients with various endocrine pathologies.
LIPIDEMIC PROFILE AND RENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH A COMPENSATION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN A CORRECTION OF HYPERTENSION WITH ANTAGONISTS RECEPTOR ANGIOTENSIN II
Authors: Pertseva N. O.
Published: November 2016

The object of this study was to determine the dynamics of change the degree of neuropathic and dyslipidemic disorders in patients with compensation of type 2 diabetes and arterial hypertension in the correction of blood pressure with the use of Angiotensin II receptor blockers during one year. Standard antihypertensive therapy in patients with hyperglycemia compensation during one year is accompanied by regression of microalbuminuria in 81.2 % of patients and significant decrease in the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol relative to original values. Using of Angiotensin II receptor blockers in patients with high-quality glycemic control provides regression of microalbuminuria in 86.5 % of patients and results in an effective reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from the 6th month of treatment.
EXCESSIVE CONSUMPTION OF FRUCTOSE AS THE CAUSE OF INCREASING OF PERINATALLY GENERATED LEPTIN RESISTANCE AND OBESITY AT A YOUNG AGE
Authors: Sergiyenko L. Yu.
Published: November 2016

n the experiment on the offspring of females Wistar rats stressed in the first trimester — puberty females which were born with reduced weight and low levels of leptin, was studied the development of obesity, eating behaviour, and leptin level after excessive consumption of fructose. By the injection of exogenous leptin and determination in these conditions the daily amount of food was found that fructose charge increases signs of leptin resistance inherent to offspring of gestational stressed mothers. It was concluded that strict controls needed to limit the amount of fructose, which may enter to the body of offspring from a risk group to prevent the development of obesity in their young.
EFFECT OF POTENTIAL INHIBITOR OF 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE OF TYPE 1 ON THE FUNCTIONAL-METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Krasova N. S. , Gladkih A. I. , Lipson V. V. , Leshchenko Z. A. , Tyzhnenko T. V. , Opaleiko Y. A. , Zubatyuk T. O. , Svidlo I. M. , Yaremenko F. G. , Poltorak V. V.
Published: November 2016

It has been established that the intragastric administration within 15 days of the heterocyclic compound AD-1408 — a potential enzyme inhibitor prereceptor exchange corticosteroids — 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 leads to improvement of glucose tolerance, increased of insulin sensitivity, reduced of blood pressure and weight of abdominal fat fractions in sexually mature Wistar male rats with experimental type 2 diabetes and obesity. The studied compound was not inferior and sometimes even exceeded by the effectiveness of influence than the effect of the reference drug metformin.
LEVEL OF HOMOCYSTEINE IN PLASMA IN PATIENTS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AND IT’S ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Arkhypkina T. L.
Published: November 2016

It was examined 60 young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and it was detected increase levels of homocysteine in 50 % of patients. Increase the level of endothelin-1 was found in 75–80 % of the patients with PCOS and hyperhomocysteinemia regardless of the presence or absence of overweight. It was assumed that the hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor of endothelial dysfunction in patients with PCOS and may contribute the emergence of distant complications of the disease.
ASSESSING THE RISK OF NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Atramentova L, A. , Kravchun N. A. , Poltorak V. V. , Gorshunska M. Y. , Jаnsen E. , Krasova N. S. , Leshchenko Zh. A. , Gladkih A. I. , Tyzhnenko T. V. , Plokhotnichenko O. A. , Opaleiko Y. A. , Pochernyayev A. K. , Beletskaya O. M.
Published: November 2016

The diagnostic models to highlight the high-risk groups of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by the level of retinol-binding protein-4, and body mass index using logistic regression and ROC-analysis are developed. By means of logistic regression risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are identified. Thresholds predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are clarified: body mass index of 31 kg/m2 , the concentration of retinol-binding protein-4 — 30 mg/l.
FREQUENCY OF OBESITY AMONG ADULT POPULATION SOUTHEAST REGION OF UKRAINE
Authors: Kravchun Nonna , Misyura Katerina , Baluk M. O. , Kozakov Olexander , Varavin Vitalii , Zubko M. I.
Published: November 2016

It was analyzed the prevalence of obesity in nine regions of South-East Ukraine for the period 2000–2013. It was found that despite the significant increase in the number of patients with obesity during this period in the region, there are significant differences in the frequency of this condition registration in the Luhansk region compared to Sumy, Kharkiv and Kirovograd, where the prevalence of obesity higher than the country’s average level, respectively, 1.4, 1.2 and 1.1 times. Compliance with existing official statistics frequency of obesity and adjusting the frequency of overweight on the example of Kharkiv evaluated on the basis of the screening of overweight and obesity among 180 residents of Kharkiv aged 30–60 years. It was found that overweight and obesity recorded at the same level — 33 % of them, indicating a statistically significant (p < 0.001) discrepancy of the results of official statistics. So there is a need to optimize clinical work on excessive weight gain and obesity in the control of the quality of medicare to the population with pathology weight.
APOPTOSIS OF PANCREATIC BETA-CELLS AS A NEW TARGET FOR INSULIN THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 AND 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Poltorak V. V. , Krasova N. S. , Gorshunska M. Y.
Published: November 2016

There is a review of the mechanisms of pancreatic beta-cell programmed death (apoptosis) in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Based on the evidence of anti-apoptotic physiological effects of insulin the necessity of new therapeutic strategy focused on maximal beta-cell function and mass preserving in diabetic patients using modern effective insulin therapy regimen is ground. The advantages of the both long- and short-acting insulin analogues (Lantus® and Apidra®) for early aggressive and safe glucose lowering therapy warranted to beta-cell preservation are argued.
Perawatan Ortodontik Gigitan Terbuka Anterior
Authors: Zen Yuniar
Published: November 2016

Perawatan gigitan terbuka anterior telah lama dianggap sebagai tantangan bagi ortodontis. Prevalensi gigitan terbuka anterior antara 3,5% hingga 11% terdapat pada berbagai usia dan kelompok etnis, serta ada sekitar 17% pasien ortodonti memiliki gigitan terbuka. Stabilitas hasil perawatan gigitan terbuka anterior sangat sulit, karena adanya kombinasi diskrepansi anteroposterior dengan gigitan terbuka skeletal sehingga dibutuhkan tingkat keterampilan diagnosis dan klinis yang tinggi. Etiologi gigitan terbuka anterior sangat kompleks karena dapat melibatkan skeletal, dental, dan faktor-faktor habitual. Eliminasi faktor etiologi merupakan hal yang penting dalam perawatan gigitan terbuka anterior. Berbagai cara perawatan untuk koreksi gigitan terbuka anterior diantaranya bedah ortognatik dan perawatan ortodontik kamuflase, seperti high-pull headgear, chincup, bite blocks, alatfungsional, pencabutan gigi, multi-loop edgewise archwires dan mini implan. Stabilitas hasil perawatan adalah kriteria yang paling penting dalam menentukan cara perawatan gigitan terbuka anterior.Orthodontic Treatment of Anterior Open Bite. An anterior open bite therapy has long been considered a challenge to orthodontist. The prevalence of anterior openbite range from 3,5 % to 11% among various age and ethnic groups and it has been shown that approximately 17% of orthodontic patients have open bite. Stability of treatment result of anterior open bite with well-maintained results is difficult, because the combination of anteroposteriorly discrepancy with skeletal open bite requires the highest degree of diagnostic and clinical skill. The etiology is complex, potentially involving skeletal, dental and habitual factors. The importance of an anterior open bite therapy is to eliminate the cause of the open bite. Various treatment modalities for the correction of an anterior open bite have been proposed, orthognatic surgery and orthodontic camouflage treatment such as high-pull headgear, chin cup, bite blocks, functional appliances, extractions, multi-loop edgewise arch wires and mini implant. The stability is the most important criterion in deciding the treatment method for anterior open bite malocclusion.
Perawatan Maloklusi Klas II Divisi 1 Dentoskeletal Disertai Retrusi Mandibula Dengan Alat Fungsional Bionator
Authors: Luthfianty Afini Putri , Suparwitri Sri , Hardjono Soekarsono
Published: November 2016

Maloklusi klas II divisi 1 dentoskeletal disertai dengan retrusi mandibula dan lengkung rahang yang sempit dapat terjadi akibat dari faktor keturunan dan diperparah oleh kebiasaan buruk. Kondisi maloklusi tersebut ditandai dengan adanya palatal bite dan overjet yang besar. Perawatan maloklusi klas II divisi 1 pada masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat ortodontik fungsional, salah satunya adalah Bionator. Pemilihan bionator bertujuan untuk menuntun rahang bawah untuk bergerak ke posisi yang diinginkan dan memperlebar lengkung rahang. Tujuan dari penulisan laporan kasus ini adalah menyajikan hasil kemajuan perawatan maloklusi klas II divisi 1 dengan menggunakan alat ortodontik fungsional Bionator. Pasien perempuan berumur 12 tahun mengeluhkan gigi depan atas maju sehingga mengganggu penampilan. Diagnosa kasus adalah maloklusi klas II divisi 1 dentoskeletal disertai dengan retrusi mandibula, bidental protrusif, palatal bite, kontraksi lengkung rahang dan malposisi gigi individual. Pasien dirawat dengan menggunakan alat ortodontik fungsional Bionator. Perawatan setelah tiga bulan, secara klinis terlihat profil pasien terkoreksi, overjet berkurang, palatal bite hilang, dan open bite posterior. Treatment of dentoskeletal class II division I with mandibula retrussion using Bionator appliance. Malocclusion Class II division 1 dentosceletal followed with mandibular retrusion and contraction of arch could be happened by genetic and bad habit. It was showed with severe palatal bite and overjet. In the development and growth phase, the treatment for that condition is fuctional appliance, such as Bionator. Bionator arranged lower jaw to the good position and distraction the arch. The purpose of this case report is to present the treatment of malocclusion dentosceletal Class II division 1 with fuctional appliance Bionator. A 12 years old female patient complained of front upper teeth are protrusive. Diagnosis is malocclusion Class II division 1 dentosceletal followed with mandibular retrusion, bidental protrusive, palatal bite, contraction of jaw and malposition individual teeth. The patient treated with fuctional appliance Bionator. After 3 months treatment, patient`s profile corrected, decreased overjet, no palatal bite, and open bite posterior.
Comparative Effectiveness of Second-Line Agents for the Treatment of Diabetes Type 2 in Preventing Kidney Function Decline
Authors: Hung Adriana M. , Roumie Christianne L. , Greevy Robert A. , Grijalva Carlos G. , Liu Xulei , Murff Harvey J. , Ikizler T. Alp , Griffin Marie R.
Published: November 2016

Background and objectives

Diabetes is the leading cause of ESRD. Glucose control improves kidney outcomes. Most patients eventually require treatment intensification with second-line medications; however, the differential effects of those therapies on kidney function are unknown.

Design, setting, participants & measurements

We studied a retrospective cohort of veterans on metformin monotherapy from 2001 to 2008 who added either insulin or sulfonylurea and were followed through September of 2011. We used propensity score matching 1:4 for those who intensified with insulin versus sulfonylurea, respectively. The primary composite outcome was persistent decline in eGFR≥35% from baseline (GFR event) or a diagnosis of ESRD. The secondary outcome was a GFR event, ESRD, or death. Outcome risks were compared using marginal structural models to account for time-varying covariates. The primary analysis required persistence with the intensified regimen. An effect modification of baseline eGFR and the intervention on both outcomes was evaluated.

Results

There were 1989 patients on metformin and insulin and 7956 patients on metformin and sulfonylurea. Median patient age was 60 years old (interquartile range, 54–67), median hemoglobin A1c was 8.1% (interquartile range, 7.1%–9.9%), and median creatinine was 1.0 mg/dl (interquartile range, 0.9–1.1). The rate of GFR event or ESRD (primary outcome) was 31 versus 26 per 1000 person-years for those who added insulin versus sulfonylureas, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.63). The rate of GFR event, ESRD, or death was 64 versus 49 per 1000 person-years, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.59). Tests for a therapy by baseline eGFR interaction for both the primary and secondary outcomes were not significant (P=0.39 and P=0.12, respectively).

Conclusions

Among patients who intensified metformin monotherapy, the addition of insulin compared with a sulfonylurea was not associated with a higher rate of kidney outcomes but was associated with a higher rate of the composite outcome that included death. These risks were not modified by baseline eGFR.
A Study of Boron and Silica Foliar Application on Growth and Yield of Rice in High Boron Content Media
Authors: Timotiwu Paul Benyamin , - Agustiansyah , Pramono Eko , Voulina Wayan Ana
Published: November 2016

The low level of micro nutrients will cause a deficiency in plants, but even the slightest excess will be toxic. This research aimed to know the possible physiology effect of foliar application of boron, silica and their interaction on growth and yield of rice in high boron content media. The research was conducted in the Integrated Green house Field Laboratory, College of Agriculture, University of Lampung from October 2014 to March 2015. The treatments were arranged in a 3 x 5 factorial by applying in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications. The first factor was boron applied with concentrations of 0, 10 and 20 ppm, respectively. The second factor was silica applied with concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm, respectively. The homogeneity of variance was tested using Bartlett’s test and the non-additivity of model using Tukey’s test. The differences of treatment mean were analyzed using orthogonal contrast and polynomial at 5% and 1% probability level. The results showed that the foliar application of boron, silica and their interaction did not affect growth and yield of rice in high boron content media. The high formation of wax in the cuticle layer supported by high levels of boron may cause boron and silica which was applied through the leaves difficult to be absorbed by plants.
Tech Savvy High School Students and Their Textbook Preferences
Authors: Ngotngamwong Rachaniphorn
Published: November 2016

As the world enters a digital era, schools have progressed electronically in numerous ways. The purpose of this study aimed to discover how tech-savvy high school students in an international school in Thailand responded to the technological shift in the introduction of eTextbooks. Quantitative research design and descriptive analysis were utilized in data analysis. 179 high school students participated in an electronic semi-structured questionnaire with results indicating the majority of the students preferred a combination of both eTextbooks and print textbooks. Print textbooks were more beneficial for students’ learning, and students felt that print textbooks should not be replaced by eTextbooks. On the other hand, most of the students’ experiences with eTextbooks were negative. Aside from agreeing and disagreeing with stated reasons for using and not using eTextbooks, students freely expressed their personal viewpoints on eTextbook usage. The information obtained from this study is invaluable to schools as they plan on replacing print textbooks with eTextbooks.
Corrigendum: Simeon Oka, Editor-in-Chief of the journal Thermal Science request that it is necessary to correct places of personal and family names of the authors of the paper "Effect of combustion chamber geometry on performance, combustion, and emission of direct injection diesel engine with ethanol-diesel blend" by Venkadesan Gnanamoorthi, Navin M. Marudhan and Devaradjane Gobalakichenin, DOI: 10.2298/TSCI16S4937G, published in the journal Thermal Science: year 2016, vol. 20, suppl. 4, pp. S9
Authors: Editorial E
Published: November 2016

By technical error of the Editorial staff, Personal and FAMILY names are not
correctly written. Instead of: Venkadesan GNANAMOORTHIa, Navin M.
MARUDHANa and Devaradjane GOBALAKICHENINb has to be written: Gnanamoorthi
VENKADESANa, Navin Marudhan MOHANDOSSa and Devaradjane GOBALAKICHENINb
Corrected copy of .pdf file is accessible at link:
http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/issue.aspx?issueid=2604

 Link to the corrected article 10.2298/TSCI16S4937G
An Intestinal Farnesoid X Receptor–Ceramide Signaling Axis Modulates Hepatic Gluconeogenesis in Mice
Authors: Xie Cen , Jiang Changtao , Shi Jingmin , Gao Xiaoxia , Sun Dongxue , Sun Lulu , Wang Ting , Takahashi Shogo , Anitha Mallappa , Krausz Kristopher W. , Patterson Andrew D. , Gonzalez Frank J.
Published: November 2016

Increasing evidence supports the view that intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is involved in glucose tolerance and that FXR signaling can be profoundly impacted by the gut microbiota. Selective manipulation of the gut microbiota–FXR signaling axis was reported to significantly impact glucose intolerance, but the precise molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an over-the-counter dietary supplement and an inhibitor of bacterial bile salt hydrolase, increased levels of intestinal tauro-β-muricholic acid, which selectively suppresses intestinal FXR signaling. Intestinal FXR inhibition decreased ceramide levels by suppressing expression of genes involved in ceramide synthesis specifically in the intestinal ileum epithelial cells. The lower serum ceramides mediated decreased hepatic mitochondrial acetyl-CoA levels and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) activities and attenuated hepatic gluconeogenesis, independent of body weight change and hepatic insulin signaling in vivo; this was reversed by treatment of mice with ceramides or the FXR agonist GW4064. Ceramides substantially attenuated mitochondrial citrate synthase activities primarily through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, which triggers increased hepatic mitochondrial acetyl-CoA levels and PC activities. These results reveal a mechanism by which the dietary supplement CAPE and intestinal FXR regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and suggest that inhibiting intestinal FXR is a strategy for treating hyperglycemia.
Neuroplasticity Associated With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Grooms Dustin R. , Page Stephen J. , Nichols-Larsen Deborah S. , Chaudhari Ajit M.W. , White Susan E. , Onate James A.
Published: November 2016

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Background

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury may result in neuroplastic changes due to lost mechanoreceptors of the ACL and compensations in neuromuscular control. These alterations are not completely understood. Assessing brain function after ACL injury and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with functional magnetic resonance imaging provides a means to address this gap in knowledge.

Objective

To compare differences in brain activation during knee flexion/extension in persons who have undergone ACLR and in matched controls.

Methods

Fifteen participants who had undergone left ACLR (38.13 ± 27.16 months postsurgery) and 15 healthy controls matched on age, sex, height, mass, extremity dominance, education level, sport participation, and physical activity level participated. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained during a unilateral knee motor task consisting of repeated cycles of knee flexion and extension.

Results

Participants who had undergone ACLR had increased activation in the contralateral motor cortex, lingual gyrus, and ipsilateral secondary somatosensory area and diminished activation in the ipsilateral motor cortex and cerebellum when compared to healthy matched controls.

Conclusion

Brain activation for knee flexion/extension motion may be altered following ACLR. The ACLR brain activation profile may indicate a shift toward a visual-motor strategy as opposed to a sensory-motor strategy to engage in knee movement.

Level of Evidence

Cohort, level 3. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(3):180–189. Epub 5 Nov 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7003
Affective Sovereignty in Louis XIII's Royal Ballet
Authors: Calhoun Alison
Published: November 2016

In early modern France, there was a critical tension between monarchical conduct, the development of Absolutism and a concurrent emergence of what the anglophone world would today call ‘emotion’. This article would like to explore this tension from the perspective of performance studies by looking at royal ballet as a form of affective sovereignty. Although royal ballet provided the perfect conditions for kings and their court members to stage sovereignty, under Louis XIII there is an unusual disruption of this view of the ballet as the public transmission of an ideal crown. In an alarming break from ideals of royal dignity, Louis and his fellow dancers surprise the court with their attachment to dance and their affection (and repulsion) for each other, leaving the ballet librettist scrambling to spin the ballet programnes into politically viable expressions of sovereign sentiment.
Le Portrait de l'écrivain en entrepreneur: Blaise Cendrars et ses projets éditoriaux
Authors: Giladi Amotz
Published: November 2016

Les années 1920 constituent une période charnière dans le parcours de Blaise Cendrars: ayant entamé sa carrière au sein des avant-gardes parisiennes, il commence à s'éloigner de ces milieux après la Grande Guerre. Le centre de gravité de son écriture se déplace alors de la poésie au roman. Au même moment, il joue un rôle de conseiller ou de directeur de collection auprès de deux maisons d'édition qui publient ses œuvres: La Sirène et Le Sans Pareil. Devenant un « entrepreneur » éditorial, il conçoit, pour son propre travail littéraire, une multitude de titres, dont une grande partie ne sera jamais réalisée. Cendrars utilise ces projets « virtuels » dans la construction de la dimension mythologique de son œuvre, marquée par le thème du mouvement perpétuel. Cela correspond aux techniques littéraires du plagiat, de la réécriture et de l'intertextualité, employées par Cendrars afin de façonner ses œuvres en tant que textes « imaginaires ».
Analysis and Compensation of Dead-Time Effect of a ZVT PWM Inverter Considering the Rise- and Fall-Times
Authors: Zhang Hailin , Kou Baoquan , Zhang Lu , Zhang He
Published: November 2016

The dead-time effect, as an intrinsic problem of the converters based on the half-bridge unit, leads to distortions in the converter output. Although several dead-time effect compensation or elimination methods have been proposed, they cannot fully remove the dead-time effect of blanking delay error, because the output current polarity is difficult detect accurately. This paper utilizes the zero-voltage-switching (ZVT) technique to eliminate the blanking delay error, which is the main drawback of the hard-switching inverter, although the technique initially aims to improve the efficiency. A typical ZVT inverter—the auxiliary resonant snubber inverter (ARSI) is analyzed. The blanking delay error is completely eliminated in the ARSI. Another error source caused by the finite rise- and fall-times of the voltage is analyzed, which was not considered in the hard-switching inverter. A compensation method based on the voltage error estimation is proposed to compensate the rise- and fall-error. A prototype was developed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the qualities of the output current and voltage in the ARSI are better than that in the hard-switching inverter due to the elimination of the blanking delay error. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output is further reduced by using the proposed compensation method in the ARSI.