bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribución al conocimiento de la anatomía macroscópica y microscópica de la tortuga sabanera Podocnemis vogli
Authors: Hernández Henao Javier , Gonzales Gómez Mario Alfonso , Rodríguez Pulido José Ariel
Published: July 2021

Se describió la anatomía macroscópica y microscópica de los sistemas digestivo, respiratorio y urogenital de diez ejemplares de tortuga sabanera Podocnemis vogli (Pelomedusidae), cinco machos y cinco hembras, también se establecieron relaciones morfométricas de los órganos, la longitud recta de caparazón (LCR), ancho del mismo y peso del animal, estos ejemplares clínicamente sanos, procedentes del zoológico Bioparque los Ocarros de la ciudad de Villavicencio, fueron sometidos a una cuarentena por veinte días en un estanque con zona seca, ubicado en la granja de la Universidad de los Llanos, durante dicho periodo, los animales fueron alimentados con una dieta a base de concentrado que cubría el 70% del requerimiento energético diario (RED), fruta: banano y mango (20% RED) y Bore (10% RED). El sacrificio de los animales se realizó utilizando Pentobarbital Sódico 31,4 mg/kg. En las morfometrías se evaluó la Longitud Recta de Caparazón (LCR), la Longitud del Plastrón (LP), la Longitud de la Sutura Media Ventral (SMV), el Ancho del Caparazón (AC) y el Peso (W). La disección se llevó a cabo extrayendo el plastrón y separando el paquete visceral del caparazón y el estudio histológico de las muestras, se realizó con formalina bufferada al 10%, en una proporción 1:10, con tinción de eosina-hematoxilina tradicional. En todos los procesos se realizaron registros fotográficos bajo condiciones controladas. Los resultados mostraron similitudes con los estudios hechos para reptiles, y las diferencias no son marcadas ya que conciernen principalmente en ubicación, forma y tamaño, lo cual se relaciona con las características biológicas específicas de la especie. Se hallaron modificaciones histológicas en comparación con los reptiles que marcan diferencias respecto a los epitelios y las túnicas estructurales del tubo digestivo, esta variabilidad se debe al tipo de alimentación y el comportamiento del bolo alimenticio en ese tracto.
El achiote Bixa orellana L. como posible alternativa productiva para el Departamento del Meta
Authors: Quiñones Bravo Ximena , Yunda Romero Myriam Constanza
Published: July 2021

Se realizó un análisis del achiote Bixa orellana L. como posible alternativa productiva de desarrollo industrial para el departamento del Meta, mediante la recopilación de información de investigaciones sobre esta planta y las experiencias de países como Perú, en los cuales el achiote es uno de los principales productos de exportación. En primer lugar, se generó un marco de referencia centrado en las características fenológicas, requerimientos climatológicos, aspectos agronómicos, de procesamiento y mercados. Esta especie amazónica, se encuentra distribuida en 19 de los 32 departamentos del país, se adapta a suelos químicamente pobres, siempre que presente buenas condiciones físicas (texturas franco arenosas) para el desarrollo radicular, las mejores producciones se logran en altitudes menores a los 800 msnm, es un buen demandante de agua y para evitar problemas patológicos a nivel de las semillas, es importante no tener humedades relativas por encima del 80%. Los principales insectos que causan daño son los chupadores como los chinches (Leptoglossus zonatus), los masticadores como las hormigas (Atta mexicana) y barrenadores de la capsula (Milgithea melanoleuca). Entre los principales patógenos que pueden afectar el cultivo están los hongos Oidium bixaea, Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, Crinipellis perniciosa, Fusarium sp. y Cercospora bixae. La producción de cápsulas por hectárea puede variar dependiendo de la zona y sobre todo del manejo del cultivo, encontrando producciones por hectárea mayores a 5 toneladas y menores de 1 tonelada. En conclusión, la creciente demanda mundial de colorantes naturales, la oferta agroclimatológica del departamento del Meta, la cercanía a la capital como principal mercado para la comercialización de este producto en la cadena productiva de plantas aromáticas y medicinales son oportunidades para el desarrollo económico de esta planta.
Evaluación de algunos parámetros productivos al destete en lechones lactantes con diferentes dietas
Authors: González Moreno Angélica , Carvajal González Carlos Alexis , Hurtado Nery Víctor Libardo
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo se llevó a cabo en la granja San Nicolas, perteneciente al municipio de Cumaral, Meta Colombia. Se utilizaron 18 cerdas de cría, con sus respectivas camadas, las cuales se distribuyeron en tres tratamientos: el primer grupo de lechones se alimentó solo de la leche de la cerda (G1), el segundo con lo mismo adicionando concentrado comercial (G2) y el tercer grupo, igual pero agregando una dieta formulada (G3). El diseño estadístico fue bloques completamente al azar, tres tratamientos, dos bloques por seis repeticiones. Los lechones se pesaron al nacimiento, continuando este pesaje diariamente, desde el quinto día de edad hasta el destete a los 21 días. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (P>0.01), en cuanto a la ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento, conversión alimenticia ni para el peso al destete (P>0.05). Los resultados sugieren que a pesar de que en la lactancia no se encuentran diferencias significativas (P>0.05) entre los parámetros productivos estudiados, la alimentación durante las primeras fases de vida de los lechones puede determinar el rendimiento posterior de los mismos. El consumo de concentrado preiniciador durante la fase de lactancia ayudó a mantener el peso de los lechones cuando estos presentaron diarreas.
Cobertura en suelos con procesos acelerados de erosión
Authors: Beltrán Guarnizo Laura , Pérez López Otoniel
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la introducción y la persistencia de cobertura vegetal en suelos con procesos acelerados de erosión, en Puerto Gaitán, Meta, donde se evaluaron diversas especies y prácticas de manejo del suelo. La fertilización de las parcelas experimentales se realizó con una saturación de bases de 35 a 50% y niveles de fósforo entre 5 y 10 ppm. Los correctivos utilizados fueron cal dolomita, roca fosfórica, abono paz del rio y oxido de magnesio. Las actividades estratégicas que se plantearon incluyeron: evaluación de herbáceas (gramíneas y leguminosas) solas o en combinación con arbóreas y arbustivas; evaluación de prácticas, sistemas de labranza y transferencia de tecnología. En suelo se valoró durante tres años la dinámica de características químicas: pH, materia orgánica, P, Ca, Mg, K, S, Al, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn y B en varias profundidades (0-10, 0-20 cm o según los horizontes dominantes), durante la época de máxima y mínima precipitación. En las especies vegetales se evaluó emergencia (%); altura (cm); cobertura (%); ataque de plagas y enfermedades; distribución y desarrollo radicular de especies con sobresaliente producción y calidad de biomasa verde seca y hojarasca. Al finalizar el establecimiento B. dictyoneura, B. decumbens, D. ovalifolium y B. humidicola mostraron la mayor cobertura del suelo (P<0.05) con valores de 93.3, 90.0. 88.3 y 76.7%, respectivamente en comparación con Stylosanthes capitata (28.3%) y Vitiveria zizanoides (36.7%). Aunque B dictyoneura obtuvo una cobertura del 93.3% su establecimiento fue más lento en comparación con B. decumbens y B. humidicola fue más lento; no obstante, una vez alcanzado su óptimo crecimiento, su cobertura fue eficiente por sus estolones y rizomas, lo que le permitió de igual forma al B. humidicola obtener una cobertura del 77%, con buen desarrollo vigoroso y agresivo.
Aspectos macroeconómicos del sector agropecuario y política agrícola en Colombia
Authors: Díaz Valencia Gustavo Adolfo
Published: July 2021

Se realiza una revisión sobre los aspectos macroeconómicos del sector agropecuario y la política agrícola en Colombia, encontrándose que la producción pecuaria se desarrolla en torno a poblaciones de bovinos, porcinos, caprinos, aves, ovinos, búfalos y equinos, de ellos la bovina es la más representativa según el número de individuos, solo superado por las aves, donde, el 57% de la producción bovina corresponde carne, el 4% a leche y el 39% doble propósito. Por otro lado, se ha demostrado que el sector ganadero en Colombia es especialmente importante de cara a la mitigación del cambio climático principalmente porque el 44.9% de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) del país provino de la agricultura, y el 8.9% se produjo por cambios en el uso de la tierra, y ambos valores han crecido en más del 10% en los últimos años. Queda demostrado que los pequeños productores juegan un rol predominante en la agricultura colombiana, puesto que los hogares de la economía campesina constituyen el 12% de los hogares de Colombia, representan la mayoría de los hogares en el sector agrícola y conforman el 90% de la mano de obra agrícola, cosechan la mitad del área sembrada en cultivos, y tienen considerables partes de la ganadería. En este contexto el gobierno interviene en el sector agropecuario mediante políticas de crédito, de precios, y de comercio exterior como subsidios a la exportación y restricciones a las importaciones y exportaciones, resultando en un fomento de desarrollo de proyectos productivos en el campo, lo cual incentiva la generación de empleo e incrementos en el ingreso de las zonas rurales.
Pollos de engorde alimentados con dietas de consumo restringido que contienen aceite de palma de seje (Oenocarpus bataua)
Authors: Fernández Lavado Andrea Paola , Ocampo Duran Álvaro
Published: July 2021

Para que la industria avícola a pequeña escala sea rentable, es necesario encontrar alternativas de alimentación, utilizando materias primas disponibles en cada región, es así, que la palma de seje (Oenocarpus bataua) es un recurso nativo, valioso y con un bajo uso en la región Orinoquia; de su fruto se obtiene un aceite de alta calidad nutricional, similar en su contenido de ácidos grasos al del aceite de Oliva. Este experimento se realizó en la Reserva Natural Las Unamas, ubicada en el municipio de San Martín, Meta, se utilizaron setenta y dos pollos de engorde, en un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro tratamientos y tres repeticiones de seis pollos cada una, a los que se les suministraron dietas con consumo restringido con diferentes niveles de aceite de palma de seje, los cuatro tratamientos valorados fueron: T1 = concentrado comercial (energía a partir de carbohidratos), T2 = fuente energética el aceite de palma africana (APA), T3 = reemplazo del 10% del APA por aceite de seje (AS), y T4 = reemplazo del 20% del APA por AS. Las variables evaluadas fueron la ganancia de peso total (g): 1362, 1179, 1530.8 y 1678.6 para el T1, T2, T3 y T4 respectivamente (P<0.082), lo cual indica que los tratamientos fueron similares; el rendimiento en canal fue 66.7, 58.2, 61.9 y 63.2% respectivamente (P<0.01), indicando que los aceites en las dietas de los pollos de engorde afectaron negativamente su rendimiento de la canal. La grasa abdominal mostró una mayor consistencia y color amarillo en T1, siendo esta de menor calidad, en comparación con la de color blanco y de baja consistencia en T2, T3 y T4. En la prueba de degustación, la carne más apetecida (43.3%) fue la del T3 (90% APA y 10% AS), seguida del T4 (80% APA y 20% AS), T2 (100% APA) y finalmente T1 (dieta comercial-carbohidratos). Se concluye que es viable el uso de dietas ricas en ácidos grasos para la alimentación de pollos de engorde, puesto que la inclusión del total de las fuentes de aceite del 10 y 20% de AS, influyó positivamente la composición final de ácidos grasos de su carne, favoreciendo su consistencia y palatabilidad.
Forgotten cause of severe hyponatremia
Authors: Bajkin Ivana , Pejakovic Sladjana , Manojlovic Mia , Vorgucin Ivana , Tomic-Naglic Dragana
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Sheehan syndrome is (pan)hypopituitarism because of postpartum pituitary infarction due to massive obstetrical hemorrhage. Enlargement of the pituitary gland, smaller sellar region, disseminated intravascular coagulation or autoimmunity are predisposing factors. The absence of lactation after labor and the inability to resume the menstrual cycle later are presenting symptoms. Some patients with Sheehan?s syndrome have a sudden onset of severe hypopituitarism immediately after labor, most often in the form of severe hyponatremia. Central adrenal insufficiency is the most usual cause of hyponatremia, although in some cases the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion has been also described. Case report. A 39-year-old female patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit due to severe hyponatremia with neurological symptoms (Na 103 mmol/L, Cl 72 mmol/L, K 3.7 mmol/L), and absence of lactation. Previously, on the sixth postpartum day, she was admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic due to severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and blurred vision. The symptoms persisted since labor, which was complicated with severe hemorrhage (1000 ml) due to obstetric complications. Treatment began with the 3% hypertonic saline solution with restriction of fluid intake. In regard to panhypopituitarism, replacement therapy with hydrocortisone and levothyroxine was initiated. Diabetes insipidus was excluded. Growth hormone replacement therapy and combination of progesterone and progestogens was started during follow-up. Conclusion. Early diagnosis of Sheehan?s syndrome is essential. Pituitary insufficiency in these patients has a great diversity in presentation, that can sometimes result in coma and death.
Estimation of Solar Hot Water System Operation for a Residential Building
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Savchenko Olena , Savchenko Zenon
Published: July 2021

Solar hot water supply systems can provide a significant part of the thermal energy needed in the residential sector. The use of solar hot water supply systems can reduce the consumption of traditional energy sources and, consequently, reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this article is to assess the operation of the solar heating system operation to provide the needs of the hot water supply system of a residential building with thermal energy. The efficiency of a flat solar collector operating in a single-circuit thermosyphon system of solar heating of a residential building in Lviv has been established. The solar fraction of the hot water supply system of a residential building is determined depending on the volume of hot water consumed, in particular 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 l/day. It is established that the lower the need for hot water, the greater the solar fraction of the solar hot water supply system. Thus, the average annual solar fraction of the solar hot water supply system with a daily consumption of 50 l/day is 0.77, and with a daily consumption of 100 l/day the solar fraction is 0.39. The average value of the solar fraction for the solar hot water supply systems of the studied house is 0.55.
Введение в АСД. Нерелятивистское уточнение динамики Ньютона. Самоучитель.
Authors: Рыков Валерий
Published: July 2021

Абсолютная субстанциальная динамика (АСД) уточняет принципы и методы теоретической механики, тем самым расширяя область её ответственности на любые скорости и предсказывая новые физические явления.

Самоучитель по АСД поможет студентам вузов, аспирантам и специалистам освоить уточнённую теорию и методику решений задач теоретической и небесной механики, космической динамики, физики частиц высоких энергий, геофизики и оптики движущихся тел.

Любознательных читателей привлечёт последний раздел с ответами на актуальные вопросы по тематике книги.
NIGERIA: RESOURCE CONFLICTS AND RURALITY. IMPLICATIONS ON HERITAGE ASSETS
Authors: NWANKWO Elochukwu A , AISHAT Halilu
Published: July 2021

Since its independence in 1960, Nigeria has been ravaged by various categories of resource conflicts with consequential effects on rurality. These conflicts have caused untold hardship on rural communities in Nigeria to the extent that some of the communities have been deserted for safety elsewhere. These rural communities have valued heritage assets where they had leveraged on for meaningful socioeconomic recovery. This study was aimed at identifying these resource conflicts and their impacts on heritage assets in rural Nigeria. However, resource conflicts like Boko Haram, militancy, herdsmen, banditry, and communal conflicts were identified. Evidences show that these conflicts obliterate tangible and intangible heritage assets of rural communities in Nigeria, with correspondence effect on heritage transfer through memory loss. Effective international support among others was recommended as a possible option. This study has implications for the understanding of further effects of resource conflicts on rurality in Nigeria. Keywords: Resource conflicts; heritage assets; heritage preservation; rural communities; conflict theory
PALESTINE: RECONCILIATION AND PEACEBUILDING. PERSPECTIVES FROM THE CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: YOUSEF Ayman , ÖZÇELIK Sezai
Published: July 2021

This research paper aims to shed light on the theoretical perspectives and operational approaches adopted by the Palestinian civil society organization in connection with the peacebuilding and reconciliation process in the Palestinian context. The research question is what are the different moves, debates, and initiatives taken by the Palestinian civil society organizations to put an end to the conflict? Why could not they succeed or produce tangible results in fulfilling this goal? The first part of the paper considers debates, contexts, and developments of civil society organizations, in general, and Palestine, in particular, as well as their roles on political, national, cultural, and developmental levels. Civil society deepens its peaceful intervention in many developed and developing countries to build domestic peace and achieve reconciliation, along with other tasks and duties. Palestine’s case is not an exception but a unique case since the independent sovereign state of Palestine does not exist on the ground. The second part aims to deeply analyze the roles of civil society in the reconciliation process and to assess why this process failed to produce fruitful results until now. To use narrative methodologies, the paper collects primary data through structured interviews and the focus group. Interviews were conducted with the cadres and activists in the Palestinian civil society and other professionals and experts in this field. The last part concludes that civil society, especially among the youth, is necessary for reconciliation not only between Israeli and Palestinians but also within the Palestinians as well. Keywords: Civil Society, Peacebuilding, Israel, Palestine, conflict.
Cambios en la participación femenil en México: demografía, mercados y política pública
Authors: López Acevedo Gladys , Freije Rodríguez Samuel , Vergara Bahena México Alberto , Cardozo Medeiros Diego
Published: July 2021

Después de la crisis económica de 2008, las brechas de género en desempleo y participación laboral se redujeron en México. Para identificar los determinantes que permitieron dicha reducción, estimamos un modelo probit con datos de 2007 y 2017 de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE), año en que la tasa de desempleo regresó a niveles precrisis. Los resultados sugieren que: el ingreso de mujeres entre 36 y 65 años al mercado laboral permitió el crecimiento general de la participación laboral femenil, la educación de las mujeres contrarresta cualquier característica individual o del hogar afectando negativamente su empleabilidad, y el acceso a estancias infantiles significativamente aumenta la probabilidad de que estén empleadas.
Movilidad económica intergeneracional en México
Authors: Campos Vázquez Raymundo M. , Delgado Barrera Victor H. , Vélez-Grajales Roberto
Published: July 2021

Este artículo documenta varias medidas de movilidad económica intergeneracional en México. Empleamos datos censales de 1990 a 2015 sobre los ingresos. Dado que los censos no vinculan individuos a través del tiempo, la estrategia empírica sigue un enfoque sintético al comparar a los individuos con los ingresos familiares sintéticos por estado y cohorte de nacimiento. La estimación agregada indica una elasticidad intergeneracional (IGE) de 0.50, ajustada para su comparación entre países; la movilidad intergeneracional es baja en comparación con economías avanzadas. Los resultados también sugieren una mayor movilidad intergeneracional en las cohortes más jóvenes. Además, las personas que nacieron en el sur de México cuentan con un menor grado de movilidad intergeneracional.
Morphological and molecular characters of Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868) from Sermo Reservoir and Tambakboyo Retention Basin, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Eprilurahman Rury , Simarmata Aplina Krismutia , Hakim Lukman , Trijoko Trijoko
Published: July 2021

The Australian red claw freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus is one of the most widely distributed and cultivated freshwater crayfish due to its high tolerance towards various environmental conditions. Native to North Australia and South Papua New Guinea, this crayfish was found in Tambakboyo Retention Basin in 2016 and Sermo Reservoir in 2019. This research was aimed to identify the morphological and molecular characters of  C. quadricarinatus collected from Sermo Reservoir and Tambakboyo Retention Basin, Yogyakarta. The genetic information of the samples was compared to Australian red claw freshwater crayfish currently available. The methodology used for this research are morphological, morphometrical, meristic identification, and molecular identification using the PCR method. The primer used to be 1471 primers as the forward primer and 1472 primers as the reverse primer. In conclusion, all six specimens obtained were identified to be C. quadricarinatus. Morphological analysis using UPGMA showed that all specimens were formed one big cluster and has the highest similarity index (1.00). Molecular analysis using BLAST showed that specimen from Sermo Reservoir was 98.96% identical to C. quadricarinatus and specimen from Tambakboyo Retention Basin was 100% identical to C. quadricarinatus. Thus concluding that based on their morphological and molecular character, all samples of this study were C.  quadricarinatus. This finding also contributes to the distribution information of C. quadricarinatus in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Antibacterial activity test on ethanol extract fraction of Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) leaves for multi-drug resistant organisms bacteria
Authors: Gultom Endang Sulistyarini , Hartanti Tri , Maritsa Hasnaul , Prasetya Eko
Published: July 2021

The resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics is increasing due to antibiotics with incorrect doses, wrong diagnostics, and the wrong target. Bacteria that have been resistant to several antibiotics are called multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) bacteria. Bacterial resistance to some antibiotics requires alternative herbal treatments, one of which is the Chromolaena odorata L. Research must therefore be conducted on the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract fraction of C. odorata L. leaves for MDRO bacteria, such as Staphylococcus lugdunensis methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), and Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Kirinyuh leaves (C. odorata L.) and the antibacterial activity of the fractionation against MDRO bacteria. Test results of kirinyuh leaf ethanol extract for S. lugdunensis MRSA, P. aeruginosa ESBL, and K. pneumoniae ESBL bacteria each resulted in an inhibition zone with an average diameter of 11.6 mm (strong), 11.5 mm (strong), and 11.13 mm (strong), respectively. Testing the antibacterial activity of the ethanol fraction against MDRO bacteria can show antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria, namely Fraction 5. The results of the antibacterial activity of fraction 5 against K. pneumoniae ESBL, P. aeruginosa ESBL, and S. lugdunensis MRSA bacteria with the formation of inhibition zones formed of 10.2 mm (strong), 8.8 mm (moderate), and 7.9 mm (moderate), respectively. The results of thin-layer chromatography showed that the secondary metabolites contained in the fifth fraction were terpenoids, steroids, and flavonoids.
Stability of watermelon phenotype characters (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) from crossing ♀ ‘Putri Delima’ with ♂ ‘Maduri’
Authors: Rahmandhias Deris Trian , Wibowo Wiko Arif , Subiastuti Aprilia Sufi , Daryono Budi Setiadi
Published: July 2021

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is a horticultural plant that belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family with high public demand, however, local markets sometimes have limited supply. The existence of watermelon varieties that are not pest-resistant causes its production to be erratic. Therefore, plant breeding efforts are required to produce superior varieties through the stability test of plant characters. For watermelon to be certified as a new variety, it needs to possess a stable and adaptive character to various conditions. The F1 watermelon from crossing ♀ ‘Putri Delima’ with ♂ ‘Maduri’ produces inole-shaped fruit, red flesh, and a sweet taste. Therefore, this study aims to determine the stability of the phenotypic character of watermelon F2 from crossing ♀ ‘Maduri’ with cultivar ♂ ‘Putri Delima’ and was conducted in Jamusan, Bokoharjo, Prambanan, Sleman, D.I.Yogyakarta fields from August to December. There are five samples of ripe watermelons that were selected randomly while their phenotypic characters were observed qualitatively and quantitatively. Each F2 watermelon character was compared to F1, and the quantitative analysis was conducted using one-factor ANOVA with a confidence level of 5%. The results of quantitative character analysis between F2 and F1 showed a P (P-value)> 0.05. Meanwhile, the results of qualitative observations of F2 watermelon showed different flesh and skin color, while the harvest time from F1 was caused by the segregation of heterozygous crosses. Therefore, it is necessary to select superior phenotypic characters as desired for the next breeding.
Viability, productivity, and anatomical response of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) to biofertilizer-sludge biogas applications
Authors: Pangestuti Nur Hidayah , Siswanti Dwi Umi
Published: July 2021

Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the essential food commodities in Indonesia. The use of biofertilizer has been applied to various types of crops. Meanwhile, the effect of using biofertilizer-sludge biogas on groundnuts is yet unknown. This study aims to analyze the seed viability and vigour, yield productivity, the anatomical response of groundnuts, and optimum concentration that could increase the values of each parameter. Treatments given include applying biofertilizer-sludge with 15 levels of treatment concentration compared to groundnuts without biofertilizer-sludge application as a control. The land was divided into 16 beds for each treatment consisting of control, biofertilizer from 10, 15, 30 L/ha, sludge from 12, 24, to 36 ml, and variations dosage of biofertilizer and sludge combined. The parameters observed for viability and vigour include the percentage of seed germination (GP), seed vigor index (SVI) for yield, the value of harvest index (HI), dry weight of the harvest, and root-shoot ratio (R/S). Anatomical responses were observed with stem diameter, stem’s metaxylem diameter, root diameter, root’s metaxylem diameter, and seed diameter. The biofertilizer-sludge results significantly affected HI, R/S values, stem diameter, root’s metaxylem diameter, and seed diameter. This research concluded that the application of biofertilizer-sludge did not significantly affect the seed viability and vigour and the dry weight of the harvest. The application of biofertilizer-sludge in various doses of concentration resulted in a decrease in the stem metaxylem diameter and root diameter compared to the control. A total of 10 L/ha biofertilizer + 24 ml sludge was an optimum concentration to increasing HI and R/S values. For the increasing stem, root metaxylem, and seed diameter, biofertilizer 30 L/ha + sludge 12 ml, sludge 24 ml, and biofertilizer 15 L/ha + sludge 12 ml were the optimum concentrations, respectively.
Effect of Chlorella vulgaris extract on high sucrose diet-induced diabetes in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Salim Mohamad Agus , Subandi Muhammad , Yuniarti Yeni
Published: July 2021

Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris is a microscopic green algae that has known potential as a source of food and medicine (functional food). However, the pharmacological capacity of this microalgae species against disease due to metabolic disorders is still not understood. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effect of C. vulgaris extract on animal models of Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila) which are fed high-sucrose diet (HSD). Wild type Drosophila was used in this study for 7 days of observation. Drosophila was divided into four groups consisting of the first group that was not treated as a control. The second group was treated with HSD (30%), the third group was treated with C. vulgaris extract (120 g/L) and the fourth group was treated with double treatment (HSD and C. vulgaris extract). The parameters observed included fecundity, hatchability, hemolymph glucose and triglyceride levels. The results showed that the extract of C. vulgaris was able to reduce the negative effects of giving HSD. The single treatment of C. vulgaris extract and double treatment between C. vulgaris extract and HSD significantly decreased levels of hemolymph glucose, triglycerides of Drosophila, while the parameters of fecundity and hatchability were significantly increased when compared to Drosophila which only received HSD treatment. The conclusion of this study is that C. vulgaris extract can be used as an antihyperglycemic agent which requires further study to prove the results that have been obtained.
Eco Pesantren development: Challenges and opportunities to conservation development
Authors: Kristiyanto Kristiyanto , Alikodra Hadi Sukadi
Published: July 2021

Developing to friendly, greenery, and sustain in the modern era is not easy to implement, because of development is more depends on economic profit, which has exploited massively and destructively to welfare or wellbeing achieved. Those phenomena are part of one symptom to environmental or land degradation occurrence accumulatively, so indirectly or directly it caused of interest conflict in competing to natural resources that diminished. Hence, it needed an alternative solution, which one is conservation acted in land restoring kindly and effectively and of course based on religions (Islamic) approach. Exploring and understanding verses (The Holy Qur’an) related to land management to conservation, which is a method that used in collecting data and it's used to analysis, alongside observation and in-depth individual interview is also to strengthen a scientific argument based on field data result. The result of this research revealed that the boarding school of Al-Zaytun is one of all examples of success in land and water management to conservation and it’s able to food, water, and energy security development kindly and sustains. Empirically that Pesantren Al-Zaytun is able to both manage and utilize waste (water) kindly and ecologically, which is reuse, reduce, and recycle development paradigm, so it has become of example to development in the modern era, alongside its ability to representative developed in utilizing to natural resources management for development ecologically.
Biological activity, molecular docking, and ADME predictions of amphibine analogues of Ziziphus spina-christi towards SARS-CoV-2 Mpro
Authors: Fakih Taufik Muhammad , Ramadhan Dwi Syah Fitra , Darusman Fitrianti
Published: July 2021

The main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, can be discovered as a promising target to treat the COVID-19 pandemic. The peptide-based inhibitors may present better options than small molecules for inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Ziziphus spina-christi species reported have a peptide-based of alkaloids group, i.e. Amphibine that the analogues can be identified the potential as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The compound structure was drawn and optimized using semi-empirical AM-1 method using Quantum ESPRESSO v.6.6, then the biological activity using PASS Prediction server and molecular docking simulation using MGLTools 1.5.6 with AutoDock 4.2 were performed. Afterward, the ADME profiles were predicted using the SWISS-ADME server. PASS server was predicting Amphibine B-F and H showed potency both as antiviral and as a protease inhibitor. The molecular docking simulation of Amphibine analogues showed lower binding energy than the native ligand. The binding energy of the native ligand was −7.69 Kcal/mol compared to the lowest binding energy of Amphibine analogues was −10.10 Kcal/mol (Amphibine-F). The ADME prediction showed, as an oral drug Amphibine-F has the best bioavailability, Amphibine-B, C, and D have good bioavailability, and Amphibine-E and H have poor bioavailability. Concluded, Amphibine B-F and H of Amphibine analogues showed potency as COVID-19 treatment targeting SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
Potential of Sweet Orange Peels (Citrus sinensis) Essential Oil as Sunscreen
Authors: Ismail Isriany , Dewi Fatma , Ferawati Ferawati , Hamzah Nursalam
Published: July 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang uji efektifitas minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk manis (Citrus sinensis) sebagai tabir surya secara spektrofotometer UV-VIS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi dari minyak atsiri kulit jeruk manis sebagai tabir surya yang ditentukan dengan nilai SPF, transmisi eritema dan transmisi pigmentasi. Minyak atsiri jeruk diperoleh dengan mengekstraksi kulit buah jeruk manis dengan metode pengepresan/pemerasan. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV pada panjang gelombang 290 – 400 nm terhadap konsentrasi minyak atsiri 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, dan 120 bpj. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk manis (Citrus sinensis) mengabsorbsi sinar UV B hingga UV A dengan nilai SPF 1,094 hingga 1,380. Persen eritema dan pigmentasi pada konsentrasi 120 bpj berturut-turut adalah 66,98% dan 65,54%.
INSTAGLISH: WHEN INSTAGRAM IS BEYOND ONLINE PHOTO-SHARING PLATFORM TO INDUCE YOUR ENGLISH
Authors: Rayuningtya Pusfika , Fitriani Ika
Published: July 2021

Motivated by the growth of social media throughout the globe, including in Indonesia, educational practitioners need to be creative and make use of this opportunity to boost up the learning goals, for example making use of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Line, and many others (social media) in educational settings. Among those social media, Instagram has increased its popularity, particularly in Indonesia, with its 22 million users. It is an online platform in which users can share their stories via uploaded photos. Recently, it is not merely used as photo story sharing but also online shopping, news updating, and video conferencing. As Instagram offers promising features, this study explored how this platform was applied to improve the students English written competence, focusing on reading and writing. This study is action research that investigates the use of Instagram as a social-and-educational medium that offers beyond new language learning experiences in the project called InstaGlish, Instagram English. The data were collected from the classroom observation during the project, students' Instagram photo posts, captions and comments, and students' reading and writing scores after project implementation.  A questionnaire and direct interview to the students were also carried out to give a more thorough and deeper understanding of the students' responses toward how effective InstaGlish helps them learn and induce their English. In addition, the findings of this current study were expected to give fruitful insight on how to use social media not merely as the fun-without-meaning activity yet fun-and-meaningful new learning experiences.
EDUCATIONAL VALUES ON ENGLISH ISLAMIC SONG LYRICS OF SAMI YUSUF ALBUM
Authors: Septiyana Linda , Kuryani Kuryani , Gestiana Silvia
Published: July 2021

Educational values can influence people’s behaviour and daily life. Besides, educational values can create good characters of human beings. This study aims :  1) to find out educational values in English Islamic song lyrics of Sami Yusuf album and 2) to analyze educational values in English Islamic song lyrics of Sami Yusuf album. This research is a content analysis study that includes descriptive analysis. The data collecting techniques used by researchers were observation and documentation. The result shows the educational values that are found in Sami Yusuf’s song lyrics deal with honesty, courage, peace, self-reliance & potential, self-discipline & moderation, loyalty & dependability, respect, love, sensitive & unselfishness, kindness & friendliness, and justice & mercy. The highest educational value that is found is honesty which is 19%, while the least are peace, respect, and love that are only found once with a percentage of 3% each of them. Therefore, it is recommended for English teacher to use English Islamic song lyrics in Sami Yusuf album as a medium in teaching and learning. Teachers do not have to worry because the songs in this album contain a variety of positive values that can be used in the learning process.
REVITALIZING RESEARCH IN THE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM: INPUTS FOR CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND FACULTY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Authors: Arrieta Gilbert Santos , Marasigan Arlyne C.
Published: July 2021

The study aims to find out the experiences and observations of teachers in teaching Research to Junior High School students. In particular, it wants to identify what needs to be enhanced in the research curriculum and faculty development program, particularly in terms of the knowledge and skills of research teachers and the other teachers in the junior high school department. It found out that students consider research a difficult subject that makes them less interested. Research theories and concepts appropriate for junior high school must be identified for curriculum revision. Teachers believed that they need to enhance their knowledge and skills and gain more experience in writing to become creative and confident research teachers. For teachers to be actively engaged in research, they have to be provided with training and workshops related to research and be strongly encouraged to do at least action research. The faculty development program may also include creating research mentors and the provision of opportunities for publication
ESP VIRTUAL LEARNING MEDIA EVALUATION: A CASE OF ENGLISH FOR RESTAURANT WORKERS
Authors: Nova Muhamad
Published: July 2021

The development of technology recently demands a shift in the English language teaching and learning process, and to support the independence of language learning, virtual learning becomes an option to bridge the need for technology integration and open-learning access from the internet. This research aimed at finding out the learning media evaluation for teaching English for restaurant workers through virtual learning, i.e. video, podcast, virtual simulation, and PowerPoint presentations. This research was carried out by conducting qualitative research. The data were collected using questionnaires to 57 students in a vocational education institution and an interview with several selected students to clarify and to confirm their unclear statements on the questionnaire. The data were then analyzed by calculating the frequency of students’ responses and classifying the responses toward the learning media application in virtual learning. As a result, it was found that video becomes the most preferable learning media and PowerPoint Presentations become the least preferable learning media in virtual learning for English for restaurant workers. The results also indicated that the mode of the video was more attractive and understandable since it could combine both audio and visual aids in the learning process, and support the students’ skill enhancement. Meanwhile, the single-mode PowerPoint Presentations were less attractive for the students and led them to boredom. Henceforth, the English teachers and lecturers who teach English for Specific Purposes are suggested to provide more video simulations on virtual learning platform to support the engagement of the teaching and learning activities.
TEACHERS QUESTIONING STRATEGIES IN ACHIEVING STUDENTS SPEAKING COMPETENCE IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM
Authors: Yasid Mohammad , Munir Ahmad , Retnaningdiyah Pratiwi
Published: July 2021

The study investigates the grilling system teachers applied at school to know the learners’ answers and “the” teachers’ reasons for achieving students’ speaking competence in English classrooms. The qualitative method is chosen to see the researcher's question responses, the observation in the classroom, and some questions toward the educators. As the findings implied, the two teachers required prompting, changing cognitive demand levels, and providing additional information in display type more dominant than others questions strategies and effective communication. The teacher at the private school repeated the questions and translated them into Indonesia or mixed the questions to relieve the learners' understanding about inquiries and responses effectively. Nevertheless, the totality of English was engaged by the teacher at the state school.  The students were easier to understand simpler after the teacher explores many questions and applied much longer time toward the wait time method. The study presented the helpful results of the questions used when the teachers operated in the teaching and learning process and upgraded learners' responses in participating in the learning process. This study offered effective teachers’ questioning strategies in increasing learners' communicative skills, particularly in achieving speaking competence.
TEACHING ONLINE IN PANDEMIC TIME:THE EXPERIENCE OF INDONESIAN EFL TEACHERS
Authors: Rinekso Aji Budi , Muslim Ahmad Bukhori , Lesagia Okta
Published: July 2021

Myriad studies reported abrupt transition of face-to-face classrooms to online learning due to pandemic and the results were various, contextually-bounded from country to another. Yet, studies exploring the aforementioned issue in Indonesian EFL context are still scarce. This study explores issues and challenges experienced by Indonesian EFL teachers in conducting English online learning during the pandemic within qualitative approach. Twenty-five secondary English teachers from urban, suburban, rural and remote area participated in this study. Subsequently, online questionnaire and semi-structured virtual interviews were employed to collect data. Then, the data were analyzed descriptively and thematically. The results showed that the participants had positive responses to online learning to maintain learning processes in pandemic time. In terms of teaching language skills, the participants argued that speaking is the most challenging to teach online. Moreover, the study identified three types of online learning challenges related to technical aspects, teachers and students. Pedagogically, this study implied that pandemic time has given teachers disguised blessings as they had an opportunity to upgrade their information technology skills and literacies.
REINVENTING “PATUNTUNG RELIGION” IN SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Authors: Takbir Muhammad , Mustansyir Rizal , Tjahyadi Sindung
Published: July 2021

This study re-scritinizes Patuntung as a religious category. The aim is to see the various reasons why Patuntung is called religion and to re-examine the basic assumptions of these reasons. The method used in this research is critical discourse analysis which refers to the Foucauldian genealogy theory. As a result, it was found that the Patuntung religion was a new invention from Dutch Christian missionaries in the colony which was later affirmed by Indonesian scholars in the context of Islam later. In addition, there is a construction bias towards Patuntung religion, both world religions (especially Christianity and Islam) and euro-centric bias. Thus, the term religion attached to Patuntung itself is ambiguous.
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LITERATURE, MOTIVATION, AND RISK ON INVESTMENT IN INDONESIA THROUGH THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 AS INTERVENING VARIABLES
Authors: Jufriadi Jufriadi
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of financial literacy, motivation, and risk on investment in Indonesia through the impact of covid-19 as an intervening variable. This research is a descriptive study that tries to explain the effect of each variable based on references and previous research results. In general, based on the theory and the results of previous research, it shows that financial literacy and motivation greatly affect the desire to invest in Indonesia as well as the risk that does not affect investment because it is a factor that must be anticipated by economic actors. However, the impact of COVID-19 has caused investment in Indonesia to be greatly affected.
THE EQUATION OF RIBA AND INTEREST
Authors: Hasriadi Hasriadi
Published: July 2021

Riba is a part of economic activity that has been developing since the era of jahiliyah until now. This interest-based lending and borrowing system is very beneficial for capital owners and on the other hand has plunged the poor into destitution. Therefore, Islam prohibits the practice of riba and fosters the shadaqah tradition so that no one is persecuted due to riba. The issue of the similarity between the practice of riba and usury which is forbidden in the Qur'an and the hadith is difficult to refute when viewed from the size of the harm it causes. However, the understanding of the Muslim community towards the concept of riba and its equality is not evenly distributed, so that many Muslims still converge with conventional banks that use the interest system in all aspects of their lives, including in collecting funds for the pilgrimage. Therefore, the author will describe the meaning of riba, the types of practice in today's life by using an approach and analysis of the sources of Islamic teachings.
PENGAMALAN NILAI TAUHID ULUHIYAH DALAM IBADAH SALAT PADA REMAJA
Authors: Rahman Ulfiani , Rahma Nur
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengamalan nilai tauhid uluhiyah dalam ibadah salat pada remaja, mengetahui faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat pengamalan ibadah salat pada remaja di Kelurahan Darma Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data yaitu 18 remaja, orangtua di Kelurahan Darma Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Dalam memperoleh data digunakan instrumen wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Kemudian data dianalisis dengan menggunakan tehnik pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Pengamalan nilai tauhid uluhiyah dalam ibadah salat pada remaja di Kelurahan Darma, terbagi dua, yaitu; kelompok remaja yang melaksanakan salat dengan tepat waktu atau diawal waktu dan kelompok remaja yang suka menunda-nunda salat; 2) Faktor pendukung yang memengaruhi pengamalan nilai tauhid uluhiyah dalam ibadah salat pada remaja adalah adanya kesadaran diri pada remaja, teman sebaya atau lingkungan masyarakat yang baik dan tersedianya masjid sebagai sarana sehingga memudahkan pelaksanaan salat lima waktu, 3) Faktor penghambat yang memengaruhi pengamalan nilai tauhid uluhiyah dalam ibadah salat pada remaja adalah kurangnya perhatian orang tua, adanya kegiatan lain yang lebih mendesak dan timbulnya rasa malas.