bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metanoia of Daniil Kharms: A Transition From Cosmogono-Eschatological to Christian Myth and Rejection of the Avant-Garde
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Korneev Alexander V.
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on Daniil Kharms’ refusal from the avant-garde, the artistic language of which has become inadequate for expressing Kharms’s changed values. The author draws on the concepts of myth and archetype to describe this transition. The concept of archetype makes it possible to focus on values of Kharms’ works, since archetype is associated with the axiology of human thinking. The concepts of myth and archetype are considered both in a comparative historical interpretation and in the context of works on the nature of mythological thinking. The following works by Kharms serve as material for the study: the dramas The Comedy of the City of Petersburg (1927) and Elizaveta Bam (1927) become an example of how the cosmogo-noeschatological archetype is expressed in Kharms’s work, and The Old Woman (1939) is an example of how Christian archetype is expressed. According to the analysis, the cosmogonoeschatological myth in Kharms’s early works acts through the mythologemes of the creation and destruction of the myth and is associated with avant-grade type of thinking. However, The Old Woman is based on the mythological images associated with the values of Christian thinking - the crucifixion and resurrection of Christ. The article shows that the expression of archetypes in different stages of Kharms’s work correlates with different concepts of myth and mythological thinking, which is demonstrated on the basis of differences in the implementation of the key mythical category - a miracle. At an early stage, when the cosmogonoeschato-logical archetype underlies Kharms’s thinking, the expression of this archetype correlates with Yakov Golosovker’s concept, according to which the miracle is determined by the impact of “absolute freedom and the power of desire” on reality. At this stage, the miracle implies various changes in reality caused by the desire of Kharms’ characters. At a later stage, the functioning of the miracle is associated with the incarnation of Christian mythology, close to Aleksey Losev’s “myth as a wonderful personal story”, most fully embodied in the mythologeme of the meeting. As a result, the miracle is now the moment when the narrator meets God and gains saving faith. Finally, the author explains that Kharms rejected the avant-garde, since his values and existential self-awareness change after the religious conversion and transition to a different type of thinking, unusual for the avant-garde. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
Turandot by Carlo Gozzi in the Russian theatre reception of the 1910-1920s
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Afandiyeva Nazrin R.
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the staging of the play Turandot by C. Gozzi in Russia in the 1910-1920s. The reasons why Russian directors turned to the play of C. Gozzi at that time were determined by the theatre aesthetics of the Silver Age, when the plots of the Italian comedy and its characters were perceived as a manifestation of a pure comedy aesthetics. The author analyses the productions by Fyodor Komissarzhevsky in 1912 and Evgeniy Vakhtangov in 1922 and concludes that Komissarzhevsky brought the comedy of masks closer to the comedy of characters, which resulted in an aesthetically contradictory rendition, while Vakhtangov rendered Turandot as an ironic fairy tale, in which actors did not play the characters, but the actors of a Venetian theatre troupe who played the comedy. Vakhtangov’s rendition of Princess Turandot premiered on February 28, 1922 at the Third Studio of the Moscow Art Theater. The author describes the cast, analyses the specificity of literary and stage interpretation of the play and reflects on Vakhtangov’s concept of the theater-holiday, the methods of “detachment”, stage grotesque, self-parody, and modernizing the improvisational text. The article also shows the critical reception of the production, drawin on the memoirs of the actor Boris Zakhava, who performed the role of Khan Timur in Vakhtangov’s production. In concludion, the author speaks about the influence of Vakhtangov’s production on the work of Evgeny Schwartz and directing of Svetlana Obraztsova and Georgy Tovstonogov. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
ON THE REALIZATION OF NOANOA AND PRES, TWO PIECES FOR SOLO INSTRUMENTS AND IRCAM SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSTATION (Xavier Chabot, Kaija Saariaho, Jean-Baptiste Barrière)
Authors:   Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Skhaplok Galina ,   Military University",   of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2023

This article is a translation of a musicological work written by the Finnish composer Kaia Saariaho with sound engineers Xavier Chabot and Jean-Baptiste Barrière from the Ircam. The study describes two solo pieces – «NoaNoa» and «Près» – one for flute, the other for cello, realized during 1992 by Kaija Saariaho with the Ircam Signal Processing Workstation (ISPW, based on the Next computer) and with Xavier Chabot from the Ircam Pedagogy department. These works are created in the pedagogical perspective to explore the potentialities of Max on the ISPW, and specially its connexion with Patchwork used to prepare data and patches. In the two pieces, the electronic parts amplify and develop the sonic structure of the solo instrument, exemplify the close relationship between sound material and musical structure, and explore real-time strategies for control over various synthesis and signal processing algorithms.
Harmony in a piece of music – open system with endless potential
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Prikhodovskaya Ekaterina , Okisheva Anna ,   Tomsk State University
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the possibilities of constructing a harmonic series of a musical composition. These opportunities turn out to be almost inexhaustible. Oriented on the statement of Marchetto of Padua ("The ear is the best judge"), we see in such a potential of harmonic sequences the limitless potential of colors accompanying melodic constructions In the development of a composer in a particular text of a different panorama of harmonic transitions are involved, first of all:. 1) enharmonic, 2) major-minor system, 3) a system of tonal connections parallel – eponymous – one-tone tonalities.
Exploring the teacher-learner ratio and its effect on invitational teaching and learning: A South African study
Authors: VENKETSAMY Roy
Published: February 2023

There has been a rapid growth in learner enrolment in all South African public schools. The increased number of learners per teacher has created many challenges in the quality of teaching and learning. Various authors and educationist have argued and agreed that the teacher-learner ratio has an impact on invitational teaching and learning. Invitational teaching and learning (education) was coined by Purkey and Novak to ensure a conducive learning environment. They proposed the five powerful Ps, namely, people, places, policy, programmes and procedures which, if applied effectively will ensure classroom success. In this paper a quantitative descriptive study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the teacher-learner ratio on invitational teaching and learning using a survey to 150 participants in primary schools. Data was analysed using frequency tables. The findings of this study revealed that the teacher-learner ratio has a negative impact on the quality of teaching and learning. Teachers found it extremely difficult to offer support to learners who experienced barriers to learning. Furthermore, the large class size and overcrowding had an impact on the provisioning of resources to learners. The study recommended that the post-provisioning norms for South African schools should clearly articulate 1:30 so that school principals adhere to the policy. Finally, it is also recommended that all teachers should be capacitated through a formal programme on classroom management, especially large classes.
SOP62v1_TGD_CUT&RUN and Library prep v1
Authors: Lee Yunkyeong
Published: February 2023

Cleavage Under Targets & Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) is a revolutionary genomic mapping strategy developed by the group of Dr. Steven Henikoff. In CUT&RUN, cells or nuclei are immobilized to a solid support, with pAG-MNase cleaved DNA fragments isolated from solution. The workflow is compatible with next-generation sequencing (NGS) to provide high quality genome-wide profiles of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and chromatin-associated proteins (e.g. TFs and chromatin remodelers) Historically, ChIP-seq is the leading approach for genome-wide mapping of histone PTMs and chromatin-associated proteins. ChIP-seq requires large numbers of cells (typically 105 - 106 cells) and deep sequencing of both input chromatin and immunoprecipitated material (typically > 30 million read each) to resolve signal from background. With this innovation, background is dramatically reduces, allowing high resolution genomic mapping for histone PTMs and chromatin-associated proteins using a small number of cells and only 3-8 million sequencing reads per sample. Although it is recommended to start with 500,000 cells, comparable data can be generated using as few as 5,000 cells. Overview of the CUTANA CUT&RUN protocol 1. Immobilize & permeabilize cells (or nuclei) 2. Add antibody to histone PTM or chromatin-interacting protein 3. Add & activate pAG-MNase to cleave target-DNA complex 4. Target-DNA complex diffuses out, collect supernatant 5. Extract DNA & prepare sequencing library 6. Next-generation sequencing and data analysis from CUTANA CUT&RUN kit manual
SOFT POWER AND PROPAGANDA IN THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR: EPISTEMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, KOMAR Olena
Published: February 2023

Soft power and propaganda are two different vectors in the information front of Russia's war against Ukraine. Depending on the target audience, the Russian authorities use narratives aimed at either the external world audience or the domestic one. The purpose of soft power means is to create a positive image of Russia through the promotion of Russian culture, the sacrificial image of Russian intellectuals, blurring the boundaries between the Russian and Ukrainian people through distortion of history, linguistic expansionism. The target audience of Russian soft power is the population of other countries and expats, while the target audience of propaganda is primarily the population of the Russian Federation. The means of propaganda aimed primarily at domestic consumers are more straightforward, harsh and devoid of ethical boundaries. Since the beginning of Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine, the hybridization of soft power and propaganda has taken place, becoming multi-vector and intertwined. The hybridization of instruments of influence reaches the greatest scale in the language question, where propaganda theses about discrimination of Russian speakers and denial of the existence of the Ukrainian language are mixed with soft power theses about the importance of protecting the language of the outstanding Russian culture. The condition of trust in propaganda is acceptance of its correctness and subordination to the moral goal. Therefore, decisions made under the influence of propaganda are not considered as immoral, even when they have grave immoral or inhumane effects. The epistemic basis for the acceptance of propaganda is the substitution of truth with post-truth, and the main symptom is the refusal to check undesirable information, because "not everything is so clear." The article demonstrates the existence of a common ideological basis between soft power and propaganda, reveals the epistemic means of manipulation of both instruments of Russian policy, as well as the hybrid nature of its application. The epistemological analysis of propaganda and soft power allows proving both personal and group responsibility for the acceptance and spread of its narratives.
THE WAR WITH AGAINST UKRAINIAN BOOK: SOVIET TIMES AND MODERN REALITIES
Authors:   V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine, DZYRA Olesya
Published: February 2023

The article examines the history of the struggle against the Ukrainian book and the word, which was waged by Russia for many centuries. This war began as soon as the Ukrainian lands became part of the Muscovite Empire.It continued during the years of the existence of the Russian Empire, which was successfully transformed into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The new state did not change its attitude towards Ukrainians and continued its Russification policy. The article focuses on the Soviet era, namely the creation of a fond of special storage in the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (hereinafter – NLUV).Special fonds became a typical phenomenon and were created in the leading libraries of the Union republics. Their goal was to hide national literature from ordinary readers, which contradicted the Marxist-Leninistideology, professed bycommunistparty, aimedattheeducationofanew «Sovietman». As a result of the activity of the special fond of the NLUV, the works of many writers and scientists of the 1920s and 1930s remained unknown to the general public, as did the literature of the Ukrainian diaspora. The proposed study drew parallels with modern realities and the next wave of Russian aggression. The fate of Ukrainian books and libraries in the occupied territories was told. Examples of incidents of removal of literature and its destruction were given. Exposing and highlighting the barbaric mission of the Russian occupiers became possible thanks to the liberation of part of the Ukrainian lands by the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which made it possible to examine the situation in public libraries and collect eyewitness evidences.Ukrainian libraries have also become victims of shelling and fires caused by them. It was summarized how the attitude of Russians to Ukrainian books, culture, and science changed during the 20th – 21st centuries.Using the example of the fate of Ukrainian books, the policy of genocide aimed at the destruction of Ukrainian identity by the Russians, which they themselves called «denazification», is proven.
Electrocardiogram changes due to sodium stibogluconate treatment of kala-azar
Authors: Alom M. Shamshul , Ali M. Liaquat , Shaikh Abdul Alim , Kabir Jakaria
Published: February 2023

Background: Kala-azar [visceral leishmaniasis (VL)] is caused by the protozoon Leishmania donovani complex. Without adequate treatment, most patients with clinical VL die due to secondary infections. Pentavalent antimonial compounds are commercially available as sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate. Sodium stibogluconate remains the mainstay of treatment in most parts of the world. The aim of the study was to evaluate the serious adverse effects of sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of kala-azar (VL).  
Methods: The study was carried out in the medicine department of North Bengal Medical College Hospital, Sirajganj during the period of June 2021 to December 2021. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample size of 30. Complete history taking and physical examination were done and recorded in a case record form. At least 7 electrocardiograms (ECGs) were done (1 before treatment, 5 during treatment weekly intervals, and 1 after completion of treatment).
Results: In ECG, the following changes were noted (the rhythm, T wave amplitude, ST segment, and QTc interval). Out of 30 patients, 19 patients (63.33%) developed abnormalities in ECG. Among them, 14 patients (46.67%) developed prolongation of QTc interval, 6 patients developed T wave inversion, and 1 patient developed transient 1st-degree heart block. No patients developed symptomatic arrhythmia.
Conclusions: Kala-azar is prevalent among the poor in Bangladesh and can be fatal without treatment. Sodium stibogluconate has been associated with cardiological adverse effects, but it can be used safely with proper monitoring.
Expressões da centralidade econômica de Balsas no cenário regional sulmaranhense: apontamentos a partir da especialização da atividade comercial
Authors: SOUSA JAILSON MACEDO , SOARES BEATRIZ RIBEIRO
Published: February 2023

Resumo:

Neste artigo, refletimos sobre aspectos essenciais do exercício da centralidade econômica e urbana assumidas pela cidade de Balsas no cenário regional Sulmaranhense. Esta análise, levou em consideração a realização de estudos teóricos e empíricos sobre os condi-cionantes históricos e sociais que são entendidos como fundamentais para uma leitura coerente do dinamismo socioeconômico assumido por esta cidade no cenário regional. Destarte, procurou-se entender as particularidades relacionadas à gênese e difusão dos processos de especialização das atividades terciárias, em particular, a atividade comercial e os seus vínculos com o desenvolvimento da agricultura moderna. Do ponto de vista metodológico, este exercício analítico fundamentou-se na adoção de estudos bibliográficos relativos à área temática investigada, sobretudo, os estudos que envolvem os processos de produção do espaço em áreas de cerrado que experimentaram desde 1980 intensa modernização agrícola. Associados a estes aspectos, também realizamos o tratamento de dados estatísticos e demográficos organizados por órgãos oficiais. É o caso do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatísticas - IBGE e o Instituto Maranhense de Estudos Socioeconômicos e Cartográficos - IMESC.
A linguagem dos muros: o graffiti como campo de disputa simbólica
Authors: Zanetti Valéria Regina
Published: February 2023

O espaço urbano, como campo de significação, comporta um conjunto de relações históricas, políticas, econômicas, sociais, estéticas e culturais. Este artigo, de abordagem qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva, bibliográfica e documental, tem como objeto de estudo os graffiti produzidos no bairro Campo dos Alemães, região periférica da cidade de São José dos Campos, sede da Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba Paulista, nos anos de 2007 e 2010, quando a prática era proibida por lei. Indaga-se se os graffiti podem ser considerados formas de resistência e se constituem expressão de apropriação e ressignificação de território e da paisagem urbana. Utilizou-se como referência, além dos graffiti, a observação de campo e os depoimentos de dois grafiteiros. O estudo apontou que o graffiti, estigmatizado pela exclusão social, foi utilizado como instrumento de afirmação de identidades e imposição da visibilidade social.
A Faixa de Fronteira Sul-mato-grossense entre Brasil e Paraguai: o comportamento do Emprego e da Renda
Authors: Corrêa Alexandre Souza , Bidarra Zelimar Soares
Published: February 2023

O presente artigo consiste em compreender a estrutura econômica dos municípios Sul-mato-grossenses que estão inseridos na faixa de fronteira com o Paraguai e são considerados prioritários para ações da Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Regional (PNDR) e de seus programas na promoção do crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico. O subdesenvolvimento constatado nos municípios fronteiriços e a intenção de políticas públicas para resolvê-lo, foi estudada desde o período inicial da PNDR em 2007 até o ano de 2016, observando a evolução da geração do emprego e da renda com base nos dados do Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IFDM). Verificou-se que mesmo sendo um dos objetivos da PNDR de fortalecer as estruturas produtivas dos municípios para geração de emprego e renda, a base produtiva dos municípios pouco evoluiu e a geração de emprego e renda se agravou a partir de 2012.
Análise Geomorfológica com apoio de técnicas digitais: município de São Martinho da Serra – RS
Authors: Volpato Scotti Anderson Augusto , Von Ende Dotto Antonio , De Souza Robaina Luís Eduardo
Published: February 2023

Os estudos geomorfológicos têm como base a avaliação da forma e composição das vertentes sendo instrumentos fundamentais para planos de gestão, que visem à utilização racional do ambiente. A partir do surgimento e difusão dos Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) e o aprimoramento dos computadores, a obtenção e processamento de dados contendo atributos do relevo passou a ser um procedimento de fácil acesso, permitindo classificar e descrever de forma quantitativa as formas da superfície da Terra. Trabalhos de mapeamento geomorfológicos em municípios têm sido desenvolvidos buscando uma maior integração das informações científicas com a comunidade sobre influência direta da universidade. O presente trabalho segue a proposta de integração com as comunidades regionais através da análise geomorfológica do município de São Martinho da Serra/RS. Para a elaboração da compartimentação geomorfológica, foram levantados e analisados dados sobre a hidrografia, altitudes, declividade, elementos de relevo (geomorphons), litologias e tipos de solos. Os parâmetros foram interpretados com base em uma abordagem sistêmica e a validação se deu através de trabalhos de campo. O município de São Martinho da Serra, foi segmentado em 06 compartimentos geomorfológicos: Unidade Taquarembó; Unidade Lajeadinho; Unidade Guassupizinho; Unidade Durasnal; Unidade Serra de São Martinho; e Unidade Ponte do Ibicuí. Os trabalhos que se preocupam com a descrição geomorfológica, são importantes ferramentas, que aplicadas de maneira correta, possibilitam um ordenamento e um planejamento eficaz do espaço geográfico.
Implementation and comparison of different taste masking techniques to design and assess dispersible tablet formulations
Authors: Elawni Alaa E. , Osman Zuheir , Salih Mohammed , Elballa Waleed , Shayoub Mohammed
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of several taste-masking techniques and to study the impact of different formulation variables on the physicochemical properties of dispersible tablets containing Ranitidine as a model drug. Ranitidine powder was taste masked using various techniques. Factorial design (24) was applied to design the set of tablet formulations. The four factors implemented were the manufacturing method, filler type, superdisintegrant type and superdisintegrant concentration. Levels selected were direct compression and wet granulation for the manufacturing method, microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol for the diluent type, sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium for superdisintegrant type, and 2% and 10% for superdisintegrant concentration. Granulation with calcium carbonate (ratio of 1:8) was the taste-masking method of choice to be implemented. The formulated tablets results revealed that the manufacturing method has a significant influence on all the tested physicochemical properties (p-values < 0.05) such as tablet’s weight variation, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. Croscarmellose sodium obtained better results than sodium starch glycolate. Both fillers obtained good properties when implementing direct compression method with croscarmellose sodium concentration of 2%, or wet granulation method with croscarmellose sodium concentration of 10%. Drug release was also increased by increasing concentration of croscarmellose sodium. These findings represent an easy manufacturing procedure with relatively low-cost materials that can be implemented to formulate dispersible tablets of bitter tasting drugs that will enhance patient compliance and lead to faster onset of action.
Swine flu (H1N1) pandemic strain-09 PDM: A recent outbreak in northern India
Authors: Choudhary Vinita , Choudhary Chetan , Sharma Ayushi , Sharma Vinod Kumar , Saraswat Pushpendra
Published: February 2023

Objective: To Identify molecular characterization of swine flu (H1N1) pdm 09 and seasonal flu (influenza A). Materials and methods: NP/OP Swab specimen of 142 patients were collected aseptically in VTM. Nucleic Acid was extracted manually and was processed in Real-Time PCR for identification of swine flu (H1N1) 09 pdm and seasonal flu (inf A). Results: In this study, 142 patients presented with signs and symptoms of Flu like illness patients and were tested by Real-time PCR. Out of total 32 (22.53%) positive specimens, 18(56.25%) were positive swine flu(H1N1) 09 pdm and 14(43.73%) were positive seasonal flu (inf A). Conclusion: We report a tiny outbreak of 18 swine flu (H1N1) 09 pdm and 14 seasonal flu cases in our hospital, from Jan 2022 to June 2022. The outbreak involved persons of all age groups, but it mostly affected paediatric age group.
Comparative analysis of A1 and A2 allele detection efficiency for bovine CSN2 gene by AS-PCR methods
Authors: Kulibaba Roman , Sakhatskyi Mykola , Liashenko Yuriy
Published: February 2023

This study was aimed at conducting a comparative analysis of the efficiency in genotyping cattle by beta-casein locus using the allele-specific PCR methods. The results of the study have demonstrated the necessity to optimize the protocol for the use of AS-PCR to detect alleles A1 and A2. It was found that the use of non-optimized PCR protocols led to the genotyping errors, manifested regarding beta-casein locus (CSN2). The impossibility of using the touchdown PCR as an optimization instrument for AS-PCR was proven. The elaborated typing protocols were used to study the genetic structure of the cattle populations of different breeds, reared in Ukraine – Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy, Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy (two populations), and Charolais. It was found that locus CSN2 was polymorphic in all the cattle populations. The frequencies of allele A2 varied within 0.34–0.91 depending on the population of the animals, which may be conditioned by the specificities in the selection work. No deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found in any investigated population of cattle.
A Cross-Sectional survey on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Neuromuscular Monitoring among Indian Anesthesiologists
Authors: Goyal Sonal , Gupta Bhavna
Published: February 2023

Background: The utility of Neuromuscular monitoring (NMT) has not been studied in Indian scenario till date. We did a survey to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, practices of NMT among Indian anesthesiologists.
Methods: A questionnaire-based google form was sent to 350 anesthesiologists over 3-months. Demographic data was collected in initial questions, followed by data on their concepts, practices, and knowledge of NMT and postoperative residual nerve block (PRNB). Data were descriptively analysed using frequencies and percentages. Descriptive statistical testing was done using software package IBM SPSS 23.
Results: 88.9% of participants reported the use of clinical assessment. Though majority used clinical parameters, they were well-versed about Train-of-Four criteria. 75.9% stated the use of objective NMT in < 25 % of patients. The reasons for not using objective monitoring were scarcity of neuromuscular monitors, non-familiarity, and complexity of monitors. In regards to PRNB, 79.6 % participants considered PRNB to be an important clinical issue. Although in their clinical practice they rarely encountered PRNB, 74% responded that routine NMT can decrease PRNB.  The cross-tabulation table reflected that the use of objective tools (P= 0.014), knowledge about the essentiality of NMT (p=0.003), correctly stating PRNB as an important clinical issue (p=0.006), and their understanding about unreliability of clinical tests (p=0.001) showed significant improvement with increasing anesthesia experience.
Conclusion: Participants showed great understanding of clinical and qualitative tests but not of quantitative tests, with low rate of usage of objective NMT. A lacuna in understanding of quantitative parameters must be addressed considering high incidence of PRNB and lack of sensitivity of clinical parameters.
Effects of Intraoperative Low Dose Ketamine on Hemodynamic Changes and Postoperative Opioid Consumption in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Talebi Fatemeh , Mojaveraghili Seyed Babak , Hesari Zahra , Kor Farhad , Chavoshi Tahereh , Rayeji Fatemeh , Vakili Mohammadali
Published: February 2023

Background: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) as a minimally invasive surgery has become extremely common in recent decades. Despite being less invasive, these surgeries require postoperative analgesia. In this regard Ketamine, can reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption.
Owing to the wide heterogeneity of studies on efficacy of ketamine in pain management in different operations, anesthetics methods, and the way and dose of consumption, the present study sought to evaluate the effects of intraoperative low-dose ketamine on postoperative pain, opioid consumption, and hemodynamic changes of patients undergoing LC in the 5th Azar hospital of Gorgan in 2019.
Methods: 66 patients with the need for LC were randomly selected. After induction of anesthesia and intubation, and before surgical incision, 0.5 mg/kg of Ketamine was injected as a bolus for target group (n=33), and the equivalent volume of normal saline for control group (n=33). Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure were recorded before, during, after anesthesia and during surgery at 5-minute intervals. Postoperative pain was evaluated through Visual Analog Scale(VAS). We recorded the time of the first dose of opioid, total amounts of opioid consumption during the first 24 hours after surgery and doses of antihypertensive drug.
Results: VAS score (opioid requirement) were lower in the intervention group only in the recovery period (p=0.049). There was no difference between two groups in total amounts of opioid consumption during 24 hours even in cases with increase of the length of surgery (p= 0.742). Blood pressure trend increased from the beginning of induction to the end of anesthesia (p-value<0.001); however, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups (p=0.786). The need for labetalol was higher in control group (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Although 0.5 mg/kg ketamine could not reduce overall opioid consumption within 24 hours after surgery, it had significant pain relief during awakening and recovery. Additionally, it reduced the need for further interventions, such as labetalol and other drugs and therefore was associated with lower costs.
The clinical outcomes of gut-brain axis (GBA) microbiota influence on psychiatric disorders
Authors: Navidinia Masoumeh , Goudarzi Mehdi , Seyfi Elahe
Published: February 2023

The gut microbiome plays an important role in the health of the body. The study of its effect on mental problems has become the main topic of this study. As a matter of fact, every change in the gut microbiota composition can influence on mood and anxiety and vice versa. So, considering this “microbiota-gut-brain” axis (GBA) is so important. In this narrative review, the most recent reproduced information on GBA roles in neuropsychiatric disorders, and clinical significance have been consid- ered. The gut microbial population is formed from birth and transforms from an immature state to the postnatal period into a more intricate and diverse adult ecosystem. In this review, we had some findings that GBA implicated in some psychiatric problems which can be a dysregulation consequence. In addition, some bacteria have been implicated in causing mental disorders in humans such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychiatric disorders, stress disorders, schizophrenia and, autism. The absence of balance in GBA natural state can cause several negative consequences on host health which leads to neurological problems. Possibly, findings were delineating an interesting new etiological pathway for future exploration.
Prevalence and molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical and environmental specimens in Basra, Iraq
Authors: Alkhulaifi Zeina MM , Mohammed Khairallah AS
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives: The steady increase in the spread of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR) has become a major threat to the global health systems, including Iraq. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical and environmental samples.
Materials and Methods: Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were identified by standard microbiological procedures followed by PCR confirmation. Antibiotic susceptibility testing, for 16 antimicrobials, was conducted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) standardized by disk diffusion and VITEK 2 methods. Detection of beta-lactamases (ESBLs, AmpC and carbapenemase) activities and related encoding genes was performed by using phenotypic methods and PCR technique respectively.
Results: A total of 81 clinical specimens and 14 environmental samples were positive for P. aeruginosa. Antimicrobi- al susceptibility test showed high rates of resistance to antipseudomonal cephalosporines (74.74 to 98.95%), aztreonam (82.11%), antipseudomonal carbapenems (68.4%), piperacillin/tazobactam (69.5%) ciprofloxacin (71.6%), and aminogly- cosides (69%), with emergence of resistance to colistin (7.4%) among tested P. aeruginosa. Among the tested isolates, 69 (72.63%) strains were MDR, of which 63 (91.3%) strains were extremely drug resistance (XDR). Most of the isolated strains harbored one or more of ESBL genes (bla SHV-2a , bla CTX-M-28 , bla VEB-2 , bla OXA-677 , bla ) with predominant bla OXA-677 , but none of the MBLs (GIM, SIM, SPM, IMP) and AmpC (FOX) genes were detected.
Conclusion: The results highlighted a high prevalence rate of MDR and XDR and emergence of colistin resistance P. aeru- ginosa at Basra hospitals, Iraq.
Comparison of the antimicrobial and antivirulence activities of Sidr and Tualang honeys with Manuka honey against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: A. Al-Kafaween Mohammad , Al-Groom Rania M. , Mohd Hilmi Abu Bakar
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives: Honey is one of the oldest traditional remedies that has been widely utilized to cure a variety of human ailments. The objective of this research was to test and compare the antibacterial activity of Sidr honey (SH) and Tualang honey (TH) to that of Manuka honey (MH) against Staphylococcus aureus.
Materials and Methods: The antibacterial activity of MH, SH and TH against S. aureus was investigated by agar well dif- fusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), time-kill curve, microtiter plate and RT-qPCR analysis.
Results: Agar inhibition assay showed that MH possess highest total antibacterial activity against S. aureus with an inhibi- tion zone 25.1 mm compared with that of SH (22.2 mm) and TH (21.3 mm). The findings showed that when compared to SH and TH (MIC: 25% and MBC: 50%), MH honey had the lowest MIC (12.5%) and MBC (25%). After S. aureus was exposed to MH, SH, and TH, there was a decrease in colony-forming unit as seen by the time-kill curve. The lowest concentration
20% of MH, SH and TH was significantly found to inhibit S. aureus biofilm. The RT-qPCR results revealed that all the se- lected genes in S. aureus were downregulated in gene expression following exposure to each of the tested honeys. Comparing the total antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence activities of all the tested honeys, MH demonstrated the greatest levels of these properties.
Conclusion: According to this study, various types of each evaluated honey have the capacity to effectively suppress and modify the virulence of S. aureus via a variety of molecular targets.
Phylogenetic characterization of rhinovirus and adenovirus in hospitalized children aged ≤ 18 years with severe acute respiratory infection in Iran
Authors: Abbasi Simin , Shafiei-Jandaghi Nazanin Zahra , Shadab Azadeh , Hassani Seyed Abbas , Foroushani Abbas Rahimi , Hosseinkhan Nazanin , Aghamir Fahimeh , Mokhtari-Azad Talat , Yavarian Jila
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are among the most prevalent viruses in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). This study aimed to evaluate the molecular characterization of HRV and HAdV in hospitalized patients with SARI, who aged ≤ 18 years in Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: To detect these two viruses, a conventional nested RT-PCR (Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) assay was performed on 264 throat swabs collected from December 2018 to March 2019. The epidemiological data were analyzed and phylogenetic trees were constructed.
Results: Of 264 cases with SARI, 36 (13.6%) and 28 (10.6%) were positive for HAdV and HRV respectively. Of 21 HRV sequenced samples, HRV-A (42.9%), HRV-B (9.5%) and HRV-C (47.6%) and of 36 HAdV sequenced samples, HAdV-C6 (38.9%), HAdV-B7 (22.2%), HAdV-B3 (11.1%), HAdV-B16 (5.6%), HAdV-C5 (13.9%), HAdV-C57 (5.6%), HAdV-E4 (2.8%); were detected in children with SARI. Some viral genotypes appeared to cause more severe disease, which may lead to hospitalization.
Conclusion: Large-scale studies are recommended to investigate the epidemiology and molecular characterizations through surveillance networks to provide useful information on etiology, seasonality, and demographic associations in patients with SARI.
Evaluation of virulence factors and azole resistance mechanisms of Candida tropicalis isolates from head and neck cancer patients with OPC
Authors: Jahanshiri Zahra , Manifar Soheila , Hatami Farahnaz
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives: Candida tropicalis is one of the major non-albicans species causing nosocomial infection. There is limited data about mechanisms of azole-resistance and virulence factors of Candida tropicalis. This study was designed to investigate molecular mechanism of azole -resistance and major virulence factors of C. tropicalis isolated from oropharyngeal candidiasis in head and neck cancer patients.
Materials and Methods: After collecting 38 C. tropicalis clinical isolates, antifungal susceptibility pattern and the expression levels of ERG11, CDR1, CDR2 and MDR1 were evaluated. Moreover, proteinase and phospholipase activity and biofilm formation of the isolates were investigated as virulence factors.
Results: We detected fluconazole resistance in 7 C. tropicalis isolates. The expression levels of CDR1, ERG11 and MDR1 were increased respectively. Protease activity and biofilm formation were seen in all isolates. Five isolates did not exhibit phospholipase activity.
Conclusion: Taken together, the overexpressions of ERG11, CDR1 and MDR1 genes were found in fluconazole resistant C. tropicalis, isolated from oropharyngeal candidiasis patients. Also, voriconazole was an effective antifungal against C. tropicalis isolates. The observed high protease enzyme activity and biofilm formation suggested strong pathogenicity of these isolates.
Symbolism in the modern short story in Palestinian literature: Rāwiah Burbārah and the “white transparent” an example
Authors: Abboud Sāleḥ Tāha
Published: February 2023

This critical article deals with the issue of symbolism, as its transparent employment is evident in the modern Palestinian short story of the writer, Rāwiah Burbārah, through her short story production in her collection of stories “Shaqā`iq Al-`Asīl” published in 2007. The research focuses on a short story selected from the collection of the stories of the aforementioned group, which is The white transparent, through a symbolic reading, to defining the features of modern symbolism.
Symbolism is prominent in the modern short story, as the narrator employs symbolism in its integrated concept, using it to express his thoughts and visions within the elements of the story, so he enters the symbolic building in the writer’s style and formulation of the fictional text, adding to it a space of intended gaps and ambiguity and moving away from declarative and specific, so that the writer makes his story a text Literary evasive and clever in its presentation, structure and plot, calling the readers to implement all they possess of the elements of reading, interpretation, deconstruction and composition in order to reach a deeper and optimal understanding of the text and its cause, which is what the writer aims to achieve.
The writer, Rāwiah Burbārah, is considered one of the creative Palestinian writers in the field of fictional writing of all kinds. A few scholars have paid attention to her short stories, which are collected in two collections: "Shaqā`iq Al-`Asīl" in 2007, and "Min Mashī`at Jasad" in 2008. Therefore, this article is complementary with What has been written about her role in writing short stories, and this article is concerned with the symbolic approach present in her first collection, in order to answer a central question: What are the features of transparent symbolism for the writer, Rāwiah Burbārah, in her short story text “The White Transparent”?
OPTIMIST AND PESSIMIST MOON-SIGHTING: THE STUDY OF ISLAMIC CALENDAR DETERMINATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rofiuddin Ahmad Adib , Izzuddin Ahmad
Published: February 2023

The Islamic calendar decision has always been a public discourse among Muslims at the beginning of Ramadan, Shawwal, and Dhulhijjah. It is often the case that different decisions made among Muslim groups in determining the first of Ramadhan, Syawal, and Dhulhijjah which will affect the public holiday in Muslim majority countries. This study incorporates the theory of limit proposed by Muhammad Syahrour to analyze the ongoing contestation of Islamic calendar determination. Based on the in-depth analysis, this study suggests that the height criteria of the crescent can be categorized as optimistic and pessimistic criteria. Crescent's altitude of 3 degrees is the lower limit of optimism in crescent observations. Pessimism can be seen from astronomical calculations in which hilal altitude is below 3 degrees. These two criteria could be supported by the existing scientific proof through the image of the hilal altitude below 3 degrees.
KAJIAN ETNOMEDISIN (BAPIDARA) SEBAGAI TERAPI KOMPELEMENTER DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Megawati Megawati , Rohayati Nadya , Sa'adah Nur Sabila
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan literatur disertai dengan wawancara dan observasi dari para ahli di bidangya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis urgensi terapi komplementer di tengah masa pandemik saat ini dimana belum ada obat ataupun vaksin khusus yang ditemukan guna mengobati penyakit covid-9. Ketidaksetaraan jenjang ekonomi,dan sosial di masyarakat menjadi tantangan tersendiri di masa pandemi. Pengobatan tradisional yang memanfaatkan tumbuhan berkhasiat untuk penyembuhan gejala penyakit ini disebut dengan terapi komplementer. Terapi komplementer yang terkenal di masyarakat banjar (sebutan untuk warga banjarmasin) yang menggunakan kunyit adalah bapidara. Bapidara berasal dari tradisi pengobatan masyarakat Dayak Meratus, namun tradisi ini sudah mendapat pengaruh agama islam. Bapidara dipercaya oleh masyarakat memiliki khasiat untuk menyembuhkan demam. Bapidara dilakukan dengan cara mengoleskan air kapur dan kunyit pada bagian tubuh tertentu dan dengan dibacakan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an. Ayat Al-Qur’an yang dibacakan ialah ayat-ayat syifa, seperti QS. Al-Baqarah 255 (ayat kursi), dan ayat 285-286, QS. Al-Ikhlas, Al- Falaq, An-Naas, Al-Araf 11-119, Yunus 79-82, Thaha 65-69, Taubah 128-129. Manfaat kunyit seperti antiinflamasi, antioksidan, antibakteri, antifungi, dan antivirus. Manfaat pembacaan ayat kepada orang yang sakit memberikan manfaat meningkatkan relaksasi, meningkatkan produksi endorfin di otak, menjaga suasana hati dan fikiran, serta dapat menghilangkan stress dan kecemasan.
RESILIENSI ANAK KORBAN PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Rosaliana Novia , Apriari Shinta Ath-Thariq
Published: February 2023

Abstract: For more than two years, the world community, especially in Indonesia, has been living side by side with Covid-19. It is not easy to adapt to all changes in life, such as the family situation after the father left. For the victim's child, the father, the head of the family, plays an essential role in supporting the family. A father's loss leaves a deep mark on the victim's child. Therefore, it is necessary to have resilience as a form of self-resistance in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic disaster, such as being abandoned by loved ones. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. The case study took research because it wanted to explore and then describe the possibility of a form of the resilience of the victim's child in dealing with the father's death during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study found that the conditions of the strength of the three informants were different, but all three had in common, leading to a change for the better. According to Kubler Ross, resilience is formed after going through the stages of grief. The results of this study are expected to be a preference in developing a resilient personality. Abstrak: Sudah lebih 2 tahun masyarakat dunia terutama di Indonesia hidup berdampingan dengan Covid-19. Bukan hal yang mudah beradaptasi dengan segala perubahan dalam tatanan kehidupan seperti keadaan keluarga setelah ditinggalkan Sang ayah. Bagi anak korban, Sang ayah yang merupakan kepala keluarga memegang peranan penting dalam menghidupi keluarga.  Ketika kehilangan ayah tentu meninggalkan bekas mendalam bagi anak korban. Oleh karena itu penting memiliki resiliensi sebagai bentuk ketahanan diri dalam menghadapi musibah pandemi Covid-19 seperti ditinggalkan oleh orang yang disayang. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Studi kasus (case study) diambil karena ingin mendalami lalu mendeskripsikan tentang kemungkinan adanya bentuk resiliensi anak korban dalam menghadapi kematian ayah selama pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa adanya bentuk resiliensi dari ketiga informan yang berbeda namun ketiganya memiliki kesamaan mengarah ke perubahan yang lebih baik. Resiliensi terbentuk setelah melewati tahapan kedukaan menurut Kubler Ross.  Hasil daripada penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi preferensi dalam membentuk pribadi yang resilien