bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flank Wear and Surface Roughness Estimation in Steel Turning
Authors: Salgado D. Rodríguez , Cambero I. , Herrera J.M. , Alonso F.J.
Published: April 2012

This paper presents a method to detect tool wear and surface roughness during steel dry turning. It is important to note that the objective of the proposed method is to fulfill the needs in the development of these monitoring systems according with the research community in this area, and they are: 1) A trade-off between the number of sensors used and their cost, and the performance of the monitoring system, 2) A sufficiently reduced computing time that allows to change the tool before the wear exceeds the fixed threshold and/or stop the machining process before the surface roughness exceeds its threshold, and 3) The use of sensors that do not disturb the machining process. The monitoring signals are the feed motor current and the vibrations. The results show that the proposed system can be used for this purpose due to its high accuracy and reliability.
A Proposal for Bending Process of TRIP Steel Sheets Based on the Springback Behavior
Authors: Avellaneda F.J. , Miguel-Eguía Valentin , Coello Juana , Martínez Alberto , Calatayud Antonio
Published: April 2012

TRIP steels, or Transformed Induced Plasticity steels, have excellent mechanical properties if compared with conventional steels. The highlighted characteristic of these steels is that they modify the microstructure with the deformation process as part of the austenite transforms to martensite, with the consequent change of the material properties. One of the main problems of TRIP steels is strong elastic recovery, or springback, after forming. In this work, the springback phenomenon is evaluated by bending tests and the influence of the variables involved in it is determined. Experimental bending forces do not agree with theoretical predictions that are proposed in the literature. In spite of the bending radius having been considered an influence factor in the process, this work demonstrates that the aforementioned factor has a minor influence, at least for TRIP 800. The factor found to affect material recovery the most was the bending angle.
Image Based Analysis Evaluation of the Elements of Secondary Adhesion Wear in Dry Turning of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Batista Moises , Salguero Jorge , Gómez A. , Alvarez M. , Marcos Mariano
Published: April 2012

Minimizing downtime in machine tools is one of the factors that determine the performance increase of the production processes involved. This increase can be considered from different points of view: economic, energetic and environmental. Machining processes can be stopped by needing to change the tool as a consequence of the loss of their initial properties due to the wear process that suffer during machining. One of the wear processes which takes place in a wider range of temperatures in the machining of metal alloys is the adhesion wear, and specially in the case of light alloys, secondary adhesion wear, which can be placed in the tool rake face as a layer (Built-Up Layer, BUL) and in the tool edge (Built-Up Edge, BUE). This paper analyzes the influence of cutting parameters on the secondary adhesion wear effects in the dry turning of UNS A92024 (Al-Cu) alloy.
Influence of Cutting Conditions on Temperature Rise, Feed Force and Cutting Torque when Drilling Bone
Authors: Soriano J. , Garay A. , Iriarte L.M. , Eguren J.A. , Aristimuño P. , Arrazola P.J.
Published: April 2012

Surgical procedures that affect the human bone structure often entail drilling operations of bone. The post-operative evolution of these interventions is conditioned largely by the damage generated during the operation. The aim of this study was to determine clearly the influence of the cutting conditions on temperatures and forces when drilling bovine cortical bone, in the interests of further optimization of cutting conditions to minimize the generated damage. The infrared thermography technique and a piezoelectric dynamometer were employed as measurement devices. It was observed that the main parameter affecting temperatures was the feed per tooth. The temperatures obtained were lower when drilling with high feed per tooth, even though an opposite effect was noticed on the feed force and torque, with an increase of them. From the experimental results, prediction models of temperature rise, feed force and cutting torque were created, in order to predict the response based on the selected cutting conditions.
Milling Strategies for Thin-Walled Components
Authors: Wanner B. , Eynian M. , Beno T. , Pejryd L.
Published: April 2012

Recent developments in the Aerospace industry have led to thin-walled, reduced-weight engine designs. Due to demands in manufacturing, production speeds and material removal rates (MRR) have increased. As component wall thickness gets thinner, the consequence oftentimes is an increase in chatter vibrations. This paper suggests that a correctly chosen tool-to-workpiece offset geometry may lead to a robust and chatter-free process. The results show the differences in force response for three geometries while varying the overhang of the workpiece. This is part of a concerted effort to develop a robust methodology for the prediction of chatter vibrations during milling operations of thin-walled Aerospace components. This paper outlines certain robust machining practices. It also analyzes the criticality of the choice of offset between tool and workpiece during milling setup as well as the effects that the entry and exit of cut have on system vibrations.
Modeling and Simulation of Vibration-Assisted Extrusion Tapping of Internal Thread with Finite Element Method (FEM)
Authors: Li Yong Yi , Zhao Sheng Dun
Published: April 2012

This paper firstly introduces the principle and characteristic of traditional extrusion tapping of internal thread, elaborates the material flow law during tapping process. Then puts forward a novel process of vibration-assisted extrusion tapping of internal thread, explains the effect mechanism of vibration during extrusion tapping of internal thread. Finally, with the finite element method (FEM), the simplified model of extrusion tapping are built, and the simulation of thread forming process of traditional extrusion tapping of internal thread are conducted, furthermore, the characteristic and influencing law of different vibration parameters (include vibration frequency, amplitude and direction) of vibration-assisted extrusion tapping of internal thread are studied, and some practical results are obtained. The simulation results show that applying vibration to extrusion tapping of internal thread can reduce tapping torque and improve thread forming quality, the reasonable selection of vibration parameters are very crucial to this novel process.
Rapid Reproduction of Unique Parts by Sand Block Milling
Authors: Rodríguez Adrián , Calleja A. , Olvera D. , López de Lacalle L.N.
Published: April 2012

Time to market is a critical measurement for todays foundry market. Combining 3D digitizing and sand blocks milling is possible to reduce this time. Avoiding the use of a wood pattern, this technique is useful for art pieces or unique parts, when only one component is necessary. The key of the proposed methodology is to achieve enough tool life with conventional tool qualities, avoiding the risk of sand destruction or damage. A special study of tool wear is presented in this work, studying different tool materials and different sand types. Two examples of unique parts are also presented in this work following the proposed methodology in order to reduce time and cost for the rapid reproduction of very short batches.
Sensitivity Analysis of Tool-Chip Contact Parameters when Predicting Residual Stresses in Turning of Inconel 718
Authors: Kortabarria Aitor , Torrano I. , Barbero Oscar , Arrazola P.J.
Published: April 2012

Heat-resistant alloys like Inconel 718 are used in critical components such as aircraft engine turbine discs. Due to the extreme thermo-mechanical solicitations that must suffer during their lifetime, reliability is essential, even more if its failure could lead to loss of human lives. Surface integrity is a critical issue in this kind of components and especially residual stresses are a key aspect. Currently, the development and optimization of the machining process with regards to the residual stresses is done through expensive experimental trial and error methods. This article shows the research work made on the simulation of a machining model in three dimensions with the DeformTMcommercial program. The results obtained show the influence of contact parameters (friction coefficient, heat transfer coefficient) not only on the cutting forces and temperatures, but also in the generation of residual stresses.
Approach to the Study of Workpiece Damage in Drilling of Carbon Fiber Composites by Using Thermography IR
Authors: San Juan M. , Martín O. , Santos Martin Francisco , de Tiedra P. , Sánchez A.
Published: April 2012

The present work shows the first results of the study methodology of the process parameters applied to drilling of composites reinforced with carbon fiber (CFRP) used in the aeronautical industry. The analysis uses both cutting forces and temperatures achieved in the cutting process, although it has focused on the application of IR thermography to the study of the hole. The study of the defects that can be found on the workpiece, associated with these processes (delamination), is approached by using both optical microscopy and SEM.
A Method for Obtaining Spur Gears from Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Salcedo Daniel , Luis-Pérez C.J. , León Javier , Luri Rodrigo , Puertas Ignacio
Published: April 2012

ECAE process is a novel technology which allows us to obtain materials of sub-micrometric and/or nanometric grain size as a result of accumulating very high levels of plastic deformation in the presence of high hydrostatic pressure. This avoids the material being fractured and permits very high values of plastic deformation to be obtained (ε>>1). Therefore, these nanostructured materials can be used as starting materials for other manufacturing processes such as: extrusion, rolling and forging among others; with the advantage of providing nanostructure and hence improving the mechanical properties. In this present study, forging by finite element of materials that have been previously predeformed by ECAE is analysed. MSC.MarcTMsoftware will be employed with the aim of analysing the possibility of manufacturing mechanical components (spur gears) from materials nanostructured by ECAE.
Effects of Wear on Cutting Forces in End-Milling Nickel Alloy
Authors: Estrems Manuel , Sánchez Horacio T. , Kurfess T. , Bunget C.
Published: April 2012

The effect of speed on the flank wear of the cutting tool when a nickel alloy is milled is studied. From the analysis of the measured forces, a dynamic semi-experimental model is developed based on the parallelism between the curve of the thrust forces of the unworn tool and the curves when the flank of the tool is worn. Based on the change in the geometry of the contact in the flank worn face, a theory of indentation of the tool on the workpiece is formulated in such a way that upon applying equations of contact mechanics, a good approximation of the experimental results is obtained.
Experimental Characterization of the Mechanical Behavior of Concrete Bars in the Tensile Test
Authors: Hortigón B. , Nieto E.J. , Ancio F.F. , Hernández O.
Published: April 2012

Necking process stress and strain analysis, which is key to determine the plastic flow evolution in finite deformation, has been widely studied and applied to a number of materials based on the theories established by Davidenkov-Spiridnova and Bridgman in the 40s decade. These theories envolve from the study of necking geometry in fracture. In this paper, we develop an exhaustive experimental analysis of the stress and strain field in the necking process, applied to concrete bars and mechanized samples with similar features, in order to compare the results with the ones given by the theories listed above and to look for the corrugation influence in the materials plastic behavior.
Synthesis of Poly(Urethane-Urea)s from Polycarbonate Macrodiols and IPDI with the Addition of Derivant of Propylene Carbonate
Authors: Zhu Jing Xin , Ma Yan Long , Zhang Yao Dong
Published: April 2012

In this paper, poly(urethane-urea)s were synthesized from two aliphatic polycarbonate macrodiols with different molecular mass, isophoronodiisocyanate (IPDI) and a pseudo-chain extender, a derivant of propylene carbonate, which was synthesized by propylene carbonate and 1,6-diaminohexane. The obtained poly(urethane-urea) elastomers exhibit very good mechanical properties, they are colorless and transparent and could be applied in biomedical material field.
Effect of Particle Size of Natural Graphite on Methyl Blue Sorption Behavior of Expanded Graphite
Authors: Ji Li , Wang Meng Lu
Published: April 2012

Using three natural graphites with different particle sizes, 80, 50 and 35 mesh, as raw material, expanded graphite was prepared by rapidly heating expandable graphite in a muffle and by irradiating it in a microwave oven, respectively. The resulting expanded graphites were used for adsorbing methyl blue in water. The results show that the removal rate of methyl blue is influenced by the treatment method of solution, the particle size of natural graphite and expansion method of expandable graphite. After selection of desired operation parameters, a higher removal rate is achieved.
The Abstract Device Models and the General Mathematical Models for Energy and Exergy Analyse in Papermaking Mill
Authors: Zhou Yan Ming , Li Ji Geng , Liu Huan Bin
Published: April 2012

There are huge potential energy-saving in the papermaking mill. However the modelling and simulation of papermaking mills currently mainly focus on the material flow in the papermaking process, there are few energy analyses of the whole papermaking mill and even fewer exergy analyses. In order to achieve the goals of energy-saving, this paper presents the basic works before establish the general framework of modelling and online simulation in papermaking mill, which are how to abstract the specific device and construct their corresponding mathematics models, not only for material analyze, but also for energy and exergy analyze, and at the same time, for different materials’ energy and exergy analyze, this paper gives the general mathematics models respectively. Use these models, it can do the energy and exergy analysis of the flux material, such as coal, diesel oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, water, condensate, dry atmosphere, wet atmosphere, steam, dope, slurry, wet and dry paper etc,. Base on those models, it can establish the specific device mathematical models to diagnose, analyze, optimize and simulate online the energy system of the papermaking factory. For calculating energy and exergy automatically, this paper established the property database of the water, water vapor, dry and wet atmosphere, flue gas, boiler heat dissipation and ash.
Advances in Process Technology of Sepiolite Mineral Fibrous Materials
Authors: Cheng Ming Ming , Wang Fei , Ma Lin Jing , Fan Chao
Published: April 2012

Inorganic nanofibers are characterized by small size effect, quantum size effect and surface effect. Inorganic nanofibers and polymer form polymer and inorganic nanocomposites, which has become an active research area and showed good development and application prospects. As a typical type of inorganic fibrous minerals, sepiolite group mineral fibrous materials can not maximize nano-effect due to small particle size, high specific surface area, high surface energy and easy reunion of inorganic nanofibers. Based on the above reasons, this paper systematically summarizes the processing technologies of sepiolite group mineral fibrous materials, and proposes the suitable processing technology of batch production of sepiolite group mineral fibrous materials at low cost based on the analysis.
Comparative Study of RANS and LES Simulation Methods for Analysis of Turbulence in a Tubular Stirred Reactor
Authors: Zhao Qiu Yue , Zhang Ting An , Liu Yan , Cao Xiao Chang , Wang Shu Chan , Zhao Hong Liang
Published: April 2012

Selecting a right simulation method is important for accurately predicting flow field in stirred reactor. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach with standard model and large eddy simulations (LES) method were both used to analyze the turbulent flow field in a tubular stirred reactor for leaching. Calculations were performed to study the effects of agitator speed and flux on the turbulent flow field. The velocity at different axial sections gained by the two methods was compared. Results showed that the eddy current, especially in the back of impellor, predicted by LES was better than that by standard model. At the same time，the average relative error of the mean residence time and the mixing time of the former reduced 5% and 13% respectively than that of the latter.
Research on Oil Change Period of LNG and Diesel Engine Bus
Authors: Huang Wen Wei , Meng Fan Sheng , Zhang Qiang
Published: April 2012

The paper makes research on oil change period of bus in Shenzhen, and comparing tests are conducted between LNG bus and diesel engine bus with new type oil. Through oil sampling and characterizing the oil when changing reasonable oil change period is concluded for LNG and diesel engine bus.
Design of Double-Light Shadowless Lifting Retractor
Authors: Sun Jun , Xiang Bo , Zhou Ping , Wang Rui
Published: April 2012

The single-port gasless laparoscopic surgical instrument is an international leading patented product in minimally invasive surgery. This paper first describes the composition and the usage of the shadowless retractor of the single-port gasless laparoscopy minimally invasive surgical instrument. Aim to meet the specific requirement arise in the minimally invasive surgery for the animal abdominal cavity, we first improve the existing shadowless lifting retractor. Then, this paper proposes and designs the double-light shadowless lifting retractor. The test has shown the designed double-light shadowless lifting retractor has satisfied the design requirement. The practical tests have been done and shown the viability and effectiveness of the proposed design approach.
Investigation on Moiré in Multicolor Overprinting
Authors: Jiang Wen Yan
Published: April 2012

Mathematical model for moiré in screened two-color overprinting process was established, and the formation rules in multicolor overprinting processes were investigated by computer simulating experiments. Results showed that the formation of moiré depends on the screen rulings of color separations and the screen angles at which color separations were positioned to each other. The visible moiré patterns would severely interfere the structure of printing images, however, it was impossible to entirely avoid these visual disturbances, and good measurements should be taken to control the moiré effects. Optimal solutions for multicolor overprinting processes and effective measurements for special originals were put forward to reduce the interference effects of moiré. The results of this paper can help for improving the printing quality and promoting the anti-counterfeiting technology using Moiré.
Theoretical Research of Residual Stress on H-Beam Roller Straightening
Authors: Liu Xiao Wen , Zhang Shi Qiang , Wang Hui Gang , Liu Hai Sheng
Published: April 2012

The residual stress of H-beam brought on roller straightening is very influential on carrying capacity of H-beam. It is not perfect to appraise the straightening effect only by residual curvature traditionally. In this paper, based on elastic-plastic theory, elastic core height of section and residual stress of H-beam on roller straightening are studied. Correlative formulae are deduced. Examples and simulation results show that the formulae are correct. The conclusions of this paper are important for the establishment of straightening technological parameters.
Adaptive Synchronization for a Class of Switched Chaotic Systems with Uncertainty
Authors: Wang Feng Ying , Du Li Ming , Li Gui , Pian Jin Xiang
Published: April 2012

In this paper, a new adaptive control strategy for synchronization of switched chaotic systems with uncertainties is developed. Using adaptive control theory and common Lyapunov function method, An adaptive controller is constructed, and a sufficient condition is attainted for the stability of the error dynamic between drive and response switched chaotic systems with uncertainty under arbitrary switching. The results of simulation are given to show effectiveness of the proposed method.
High Temperature Tribological Behavior of Ball Milled Expanded Graphite/Iron Powders
Authors: Wang Hua , Guo Yong , Wang Shu Ying
Published: April 2012

A mixture of expanded graphite (EG) and iron powders was ball-milled in a high-energy mill. The milled EG/Fe powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The tribological behavior of the milled powders used as lubricating additive was investigated by using a tribo-tester. The results show that the milled powders used as lubricating additive have an obvious anti-friction effect, and the more large the applied temperature, the more marked the anti-friction effect.
Influence of Bi2O3 on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Barium Ferrite Powders Materials
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Huai Wu , Li Yuan Xun , Su Hua , Ma Yan Bing
Published: April 2012

In this study, influence of Bi2O3on the structure and magnetic properties of barium ferrites has been studied in samples performed by using the solid-state reaction method. Samples, prepared with different amount of sintering additive are sintered at temperatures from 850°C to 950°C. The scanning electron microscope micrographs shows that the samples with 3wt% additive, calcinated at 900°C, have a particle size smaller than 1μm. Annealing treatment in air at 950°C led to an order-of-magnitude increase of the saturation magnetization of 60.42emu/g and coercive force of 4150.5Oe, which are due to the liquid phase sintering mechanism and the increasing grain size.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Simulation Analysis of Jinliang Rive Inverted Siphon Structure
Authors: Liu Yun
Published: April 2012

Inverted siphon structure is a common water conveyance buildings, computer as a efficient computational tool is used, this paper adopt finite element method to carry out three-dimensional finite element simulation analysis for Jinliang Rive inverted siphon structure. Deducing variation law of the inverted siphon’s stress and displacement in construction process and operational process. Analysis results further verified that design scheme is reasonable and safe, it has certain reference value.
Investigation about Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes with Various Structures Governed by Temperature and Relevant Growth Mechanism
Authors: Li Hai Peng , Fan Jia Wei , Wang Hong Shui , Wang Li Hui
Published: April 2012

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/Al in-situ composite powders over Al as catalyst carrier had been synthesized successfully using transition metal Ni by chemical vapor deposition. CNTs were mainly characterized by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that reaction temperature had great influences on the structures of carbon products obtained. Detailed discussions according to the structures of CNTs at different reaction temperatures were given. A deduced model for explaining the growth mechanism of CNTs governed by temperature was developed.
Application of Machine Vision Technology in the Detection of Industrial Products
Authors: Liu Shu , Sun Chang , Li Wen Wen , Wei Wei
Published: April 2012

This paper introduces several applications of machine vision technology. With paneled CCD as the image sensor, the two-dimensional pictures of sample under study are inputted to a computer via the image grabbing card. After the preprocessing to the original image, image segmentation and feature extraction are carried on the target image, and the parameter value is figured out. The method is suitable for the parameter detection of the size, surface defect and color information, and have vast of application foreground.
Test Methods for Suspended Load Abrasion and Bed Load Abrasion on Hydraulic Concrete
Authors: Dai Pin , Ding Jian Tong , Bai Yin
Published: April 2012

The machanisms of suspended load abrasion and bed load abrasion are different, but they are not distinguished in the current test methods to evaluate the abrasion resistance of concrete. The abrasion resistance to bed load can be tested by underwater method, and to bed load can be tested by ring speciman method. To study the influence of mixture parameters of concrete to these two machanisms, concretes with different aggregates, different dosage of fly ash and different strength grade were tested by high speed underwater method and high speed ring speciman method. The results showed that the amount of cementing materials and the types of fine aggregate had a significant effect on the high-speed ring specimen method, but it wasn’t affected by the class of strength, so this method only reflected the abrasion resistance of the outer concrete and was easily influenced by the quality of concrete surface; high-speed underwater method was just only related to the types of aggregate, and had little effect on the rest, so it could reflect the abrasion resistance of the inner concrete without caring about the quality of concrete surface. Therefore, choosing different test methods for evaluating the abrasion resistance of concrete should be based on the actual condition in the projects.
Experimental Investigation on Water Miscible Rolling Lubricant J4
Authors: Peng Xing Dong
Published: April 2012

A contrast test was done about the service performance of commercial emulsion II and water miscible rolling lubricant J4 with polyethylene glycol. The test results were given to have analysed them in lubrication, extreme pressure performance, simulating annealing, resistance of putrefy, rust protection etc. From the rolling mill in the lab, at the same depress ratio, the pressure reduce 3.85kN using J4 than using II, and the rolling power reduce 0.04kW using J4 than using II. By four-ball tester, the maximum load PB of J4 is 932N, the friction is 0.0518, and the wear diameter is 0.47mm. Water miscible rolling lubricant J4 is notable in lubrication, extreme pressure performance, annealing, resistance of putrefy and rust protection. The results may offer the reference for further optimization on water miscible rolling lubricant.
Wear Resistance Experimental Analysis of Closed Extruding Fine Blanking Parts Surface
Authors: Deng Ming , Chen Ming Ming , Ning Guo Song
Published: April 2012

Closed extruding fine blanking parts is processed under strong hydrostatic pressure, material microstate and mechanical properties near the surface change greatly. In order to research the closed extruding fine blanking parts surface wear resistance, make a reciprocating friction test, and make wear resistance comparative analysis between closed extruding fine blanking parts and turning parts which has the same surface roughness. The results show that in the running wear stage and stable wear stage the wear resistance of closed extruding fine blanking parts is better than turning parts, closed extruding fine blanking process has greatly improved the surface wear resistance.
An Effective Thermal Flow Meter Based on TDC-GP1 Chip
Authors: Hou Jing , Zhang Wan Jiang , Sun Yan Ling
Published: April 2012

In this paper, an effective and innovative thermal flow meter is presented. It is based on TDC-GP1 chip and the principle of time difference type ultrasonic flow measurement. Ultrasonic flow meter is applied widely and has some advantages such as non-contact, easily installed and maintained. But it is necessary to make the meter work more stable. The method of time difference can improve the stabilization and measured precision of the ultrasonic flow meter. TDC-GP1 is a chip which can transform time intervals into digital values with high precision. The design of the ultrasonic thermal flow meter is given details in the paper. Results of the experiments show that the innovative meter has low power consumption and high measured precision.
Study on the Removal of Copper Ions from Water Using Eco-Friendly Attapulgite/Chitosan Composites
Authors: Chen Yong , Xu Hui , Sun Jin Bao , Zhang Chang Long
Published: April 2012

In this work attapulgite and chitosan were employed to prepare composites as eco-friendly adsorbent. Study on the removal efficiency of the adsorbent for copper ions in aqueous solution was carried out. External factors such as the amount of attapulgite in the composites, temperature, initial concentration of copper ions, adsorption time and adsorbent dosage how to influence the removal efficiency of composites were investigated. The results showed that at room temperature, 0.37g adsorbent can reach maximum adsorption rate, which the mass ratio of attapulgite and chitosan is 1:1, the initial concentration of copper ions is 50mg / L and absorption time is 2h.
Robust H∞ Control with Actuator Faults
Authors: Li Guan Min
Published: April 2012

This paper concernes with the robust H∞ control design problem for linear systems with actuator faults. A more practical model of actuator faults than outage is considered. An linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach of designing robust controller is presented for actuator faults. The resulting control systems are robust in that they provide guaranteed asymptotic stability and H∞ performance when actuator faults occur and the performance in the normal case is optimized. A numerical example illustrates the effectiveness and the necessity of robust control.
The Synchronization Control of Gantry Machining Center Magnetic Suspension System Base on ModelReference Fuzzy Adaptive
Authors: Liu Chun Fang , Xing Yin Long , Wang Tong
Published: April 2012

For Gantry CNC Machining Center single suspension system, adopting a control strategy that combines speed position control and fuzzy adaptive control. By designing fuzzy adaptive controller to adjust the scale factors of speed and position controller in time, ensure the robustness of a single suspension system. For the double suspension system, adopt cross-coupled synchronous control strategy. By designing cross-coupled synchronous controller between the two systems, overcome suspension height deviation of the double suspension systems, restrain tilt, to achieve the synchronization suspension purpose. Simulation results show that this control scheme guarantee the system synchronization suspension and its stability. While it has strong robust, synchronization error of dynamic process is small. It can meet the requirements of high precision.
Fuzzy Control Tuning Method of Digital PID Parameters
Authors: Huo Yan Zhong , Niu Guo Ling , Ma Shi Jun , Du Xu
Published: April 2012

As a control method, PID control is the most widely used in industrial processes. However, PID controller parameter tuning of the pros and cons of PID controller performance has been an important factor. Fuzzy control technology is an advanced intelligent control technology, because of its advanced features and easy implementation, it can develop rapidly. This paper describes the theory and method of fuzzy control to realize the dynamic PID controller parameters tuning approach to the PID controller to achieve the best control performance.
Research on Aluminum Electrolysis Equipment Control Strategy
Authors: Li Jie Jia , Chen Guang Qi , Wu Hao , Li Ying
Published: April 2012

Aluminum electrolytic process is a complex nonlinear, time-varying delay and large industrial process system which conventional control methods are hardly can achieve good results. Because of that, a control method that combines fuzzy and neural network is put forward in the paper. This method has not only the robust fuzzy control and overshoot, but also self-learning ability of neural network. And conduct a system simulation, simulation results show that compared with the previous control method this method has good speed and stability, to achieve the purpose of energy saving for the control of alumina concentration.
Preparation Mechanism of Electrostatic Self-Assembled Polyelectrolyte Film Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance
Authors: Hao Ning Mei , Zhang Dong Zhi , Xia Bo Kai , Wang Kai , Wan Chun Yue
Published: April 2012

Electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly is widely used in sequential adsorption of nanometer-thick monolayers of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes to form a multi-layer film with molecular-level control over the architecture. To offer functional material for the potential application, this paper exploits PDDA and PSS as polycation and polyanion for LbL self-assembly to fabricate polyelectrolyte nanocomposite films. The preparation and film-growing mechanism is investigated under the influences of multi-factor such as polyelectrolyte concentration, ionic strength, and assembling duration using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The research results indicate the formation mechanism of multi-layer PDDA/PSS films and offer fundamental basis for the optimum preparation of polyelectrolyte films.
Structure and Properties of Composite Films of Cellulose and Chitosan from Ionic Liquid
Authors: Wang Huai Fang , Huang Wei Han , Wang Zhi Kai
Published: April 2012

A series of blend films of cellulose and chitosan were prepared from 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazole acetate ([Emim] Ac) by coagulating with ethanol. Structure, mechanical properties, thermal stability and antibacterial properties were investigated. The results showed that there were strong interactions and good compatibility between cellulose and chitosan in blend films. The blend films possess good mechanical properties and thermal stability, and the existence of chitosan endows blend films with antimicrobial property.
Study of the Preparation and Degradable Characteristics of CaCO3-PE Film
Authors: Zhou Xue Yong , Liu Xiang Yun , Lu Lei , Gu Lei , Liu Jing Jing
Published: April 2012

The CaCO3-polyethylene (PE) film was prepared by filling method, and the filling amount of calcium carbonate in film was 20%(w/w). The effects of natural weathering, ultraviolet light irradiation on the tensile strength, breaking elongation and molecular weight of the CaCO3-PE film was investigated comparing with the photosensitizer-PE film. After being located in the open air for 30 d, the average tensile strength, average breaking elongation and the mean molecular weight of CaCO3-PE film decreased 80.6%, 99.3% and 25.3%, respectively, as for the photosensitizer-PE film, the corresponding items decreased 18.8%, 45.0% and 11.7%, respectively. After ultraviolet light irradiation for 120 h, the average tensile strength of CaCO3-PE film decreased 29.9%, the average tensile strength of the photosensitizer-PE film, however, increased 20.5%. The average breaking elongation of CaCO3-PE film and photosensitizer-PE film decreased 97.3% and 84.1% respectively, the mean molecular weight of both films decreased 66.7% and 26.6% respectively. After covered by soil for 200 d, the weight loss of the CaCO3-PE film and photosensitizer-PE was 2.15% and 0.22%, respectively. The results showed that the degradability of CaCO3-PE film is superior to the photosensitizer-PE film.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyesters Containing 5-Fluorouracil in the Main Chain
Authors: Chang Jun , Li Cheng Wu , Li Gang
Published: April 2012

A series of polyesters containing 5-fluorouracil in the main chain were prepared by reacting potassium salt of 5-fluorouracil with different molecular weight ω-chloroalkyl chloroacetyl esters.The copolymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, VPO and UV spectroscopy. The drug release profile in vitro of the copolymers were studied, the results showed prodrug could slow release 5-FU or 5-FU units in different solution, they may be likely to become potential antitumor prodrug.
Study on Milling Parameters Optimization in Remanufacturing Cold-Welding Area
Authors: Xu Qing Zhong , Li Fang Yi , Ma Shi Lei , Liu Jun Zhuang
Published: April 2012

Considering cold-welding repaired layer is rough and microstructure contains hard phases, firstly, the two-factor three-level orthogonal milling experiment was conducted in remanufacturing cold-welding repaired area, then the influences of different parameters on Ni-base cold-welding repaired layer milling were studied. At the end, cutting force and surface roughness were used as objectives to optimize the milling parameters. Cutting force and surface roughness were processed by range analysis, and their influence sequences were obtained. The empirical formula of milling force and surface roughness can be obtained through linear regression method, which provided theoretical base for the prediction. The influences on cutting force and surface roughness of different parameters were studied to further optimization, which can provide technical support for high efficiency and precision cutting in cold-welding area.
Research on the Dynamic Mechanical Characteristics of the Tool Life in the Excessively Heavy-Duty Cutting Process
Authors: He Geng Huang , Liu Xian Li , Yan Fu Gang , Hu Qiang , Sun Shou Hui , Liu Li
Published: April 2012

Basing the foundation on the cutting experiments of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel which is the material of hydrogenated cylindrical shell, the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the excessively heavy-duty cutting were analyzed. Then through researching the influence that the dynamic mechanical characteristics had on tools failure in limited heavy-duty cutting process, and the model of dynamic shearing force in cutting area was established. However, the experimental results showed that the dynamic shear-flowing-stress in cutting area had great influence on tools fatigue, and the mainly damaged form of the heavy-duty cutting tool was shearing fracture. Analyzing the theory comprehensively, the critical condition of tools fracture which was under the terms of extreme loading had been established finally.
The Numerical Simulation Technology in the Cutting Process of Alloy Steel AISI4340
Authors: Wang Shi Gang , Yu Yue Qiang , Gao Fu Sheng , Li Xi Bing
Published: April 2012

Using the finite element analysis software ABAQUS, simulation experiments on physical nonlinearity, geometric nonlinear, nonlinear finite element, elastic-plastic in the cutting process are conducted, which realize the separation of chips and working piece combined with material failure criterion, shear failure, adaptive grid technique in ABAQUS. Meanwhile, the stress field, strain and temperature field and cutting force in the cutting simulation are obtained consistent with cutting theory.
Study on Grinding Technology of Granite Thin Slab
Authors: Wei Xue Hua , Zhang Jin Sheng , Huang Bo , Wang Zhi
Published: April 2012

With the development of economical society and the stone industry, the product of granite thin slab becomes a trend, and gets the welcome of people. The grinding technology influences the quality of granite thin slab. This paper first introduced the situation of the grinding technology of granite thin slab, analyzed the mechanism of the grinding process of granite thin slab and fractured problem by observing the fractured granite thin slab. Then, based on the Hoek-Brown criterion, we researched the fracture criterion and the critical thickness of granite thin slab when grinding. Finally, we set up the fracture criterion of the granite thin slab and built the mathematical model between the thickness of the granite thin slab and grinding process parameters. According to the thickness of the granite thin slab, grinding process parameters can be formulated, in order to ensure the granite thin slab no fractured.
Application of Image Mosaic Method in the Detection of Grinding Wheel Topography
Authors: Huang Shen Gui , Duan Nian , Chen Xiu Yu , Xu Xi Peng
Published: April 2012

The topography of a grinding wheel can be obtained quickly and exactly through applying the computer vision method to detect the wheel topography. However, the application of computer vision in detecting wheel topography is restricted due to the contradiction between vision field and resolution while using traditional computer vision detecting method. In the present paper, the 3D topography of a diamond grinding wheel was reconstructed by combining image mosaic technique, corner detection algorithm, image matching algorithm and image fusion algorithm. The image mosaic technique was found to be effective in solving the contradiction between visual field and resolution and rapidly obtain high resolution image of the wheel topography in a wider range of vision field, thereby providing a valuable reference for quantitative evaluation of the performance of grinding wheels.
Investigation on Surface Grinding of Ti-6Al-4V Using Minimum Quantity Lubrication
Authors: Guo Guo Qiang , Liu Zhi Qiang , Zheng Xiao Hu , Chen Ming
Published: April 2012

This paper investigates the effects of MQL system on the grinding performance of Ti-6Al-4V using SiC abrasive, the evaluation of the performance consisted of analyzing the grinding force, surface roughness and surface morphology. The experiment result indicated that the favorable lubricating effect of MQL oil makes it has the lowest value of grinding force, specific energy and force raito. MQL has better surface finish than dry grinding and fluid grinding has the lowest value of surface roughness under different grinding depth. Surface damages such as: side flow, plastic deformation, redeposition are present in dry and fluid grinding. As grinding depth increased, the damages become much more severe. But in MQL condition, it gives better surface integrity than dry and fluid grinding.
Ductile-Regime Machining for Fast Tool Servo Diamond Turning of Micro-Structured Surfaces on Brittle Materials
Authors: Yu De Ping , Wong Yoke San , Hong Geok Soon
Published: April 2012

Micro-structured surfaces on brittle materials, e.g. ceramic and glass, are gaining increasing application in a range of areas. In this paper, fast tool servo (FTS) diamond turning has been applied to machine micro-structured surfaces on brittle materials and the machined surfaces has been observed to study its machining mechanism. A machining model is presented to enable ductile-regime machining of the brittle material. Based on the model, machining characteristics can be predicted for given cutting conditions. Experimental investigation on machining of a micro-structured surface verified that ductile-regime machining can be ensured on the entire surface through path planning simulation based on the machining model.
Femtosecond Laser Machining of High Permeability Permalloy
Authors: Tan L.S. , Lee K.S. , Hui M.H. , Li Xiao Ping
Published: April 2012

Magnetic sensors are widely used in areas such as high-density magnetic recording, navigation, military and security, target detection and tracking, anti-theft systems, non-destructive testing, magnetic marking and labeling, geomagnetic measurements, space research, measurements of magnetic fields onboard spacecraft and biomagnetic measurements in the body1. For magnetic sensors used to detect weak magnetic fields, a highly sensitive sensing element, with extremely high permeability, is needed. Permalloy is useful due to its initial high permeability and near-zero magnetostriction. Current fabrication methods used to produce these sensing elements include sputtering, electroplating, cold drawing and wet etching. Laser ablation, however, has always not been seriously considered due to domain pinning effects induced by nanosecond lasers2. Femtosecond laser machining, on the other hand, has shown great potential in processing such soft magnetic materials without affecting its permeability. In fact, Jia et al. had observed that when femtosecond laser micromachining was carried out on FINEMET, the amorphous phase was observed to remain in the damaged zone and few crystallization was found in the ablation zone3.
An Optimized Sheet Metal Forming Process Using Non-Isothermal Heating System
Authors: Liu Jun , Tan Ming Jen , Castagne Sylvie , Lim Samuel C.V.
Published: April 2012

The process parameters used in the hybrid superplastic forming have been optimized. Since the hybrid process was a combination of hot drawing and gas blow forming, the effects related with the two forming phases were taken into account to facilitate the process design. The punch shape has been modified. A two-stepped punch in accordance with the die geometry with length of 43 mm was used in this work. Finite element modeling (FEM) was carried out to detect the low-plastic-strain areas, where the materials would have capabilities to be deformed more as the temperature increased. The non-isothermal heating system was then adopted to heat up these selected areas to improve the material formability during deformation. The maximum thickness thinning of the formed sample was 40%. Microstructures observed via electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) have shown the occurrence of grain growth and recrystallization. It is clear that no big structure defect resulting from large plastic deformation was found.
Study on Surface Roughness and Friction during Hot Rolling of Stainless Steel 301
Authors: Wei Dong Bin , Jiang Zheng Yi , Huang Jun Xia , Zhang Ai Wen , Shi Xu , Jiao Si Hai
Published: April 2012

A well-defined boundary condition is important for generating an accurate model for simulating metal forming process. It is important to characterize the features of the oxide scale in hot rolling of stainless steel strip. Short time oxidation tests in humid air with water vapor content of 7.0 vol. % were carried out using Gleeble 3500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The deformation, surface morphology of oxide scale, and the friction in hot rolling were studied by conducting hot rolling tests. The results show that the surface roughness decreases with an increase of reduction. The effect of oxide scale on friction and surface roughness transfer in hot rolling depends on oxide scale generated during reheating. When reheating time is increased, the average thickness of oxide scale increases and a relatively rough surface was obtained after hot rolling. Thick oxide scale of 301 steel shows the high lubricative effect.
Buckling Analysis of the Hydraulic Support Column Based on ANSYS
Authors: Zhang Y.K. , Xiao L.J. , Li Rui Chuan
Published: April 2012

The buckling of hydraulic support column is analyzed theoretically with the theory of the pressure rod stability. 3D digital model of the hydraulic support column is built with Pro/E, also buckling analysis and analogue simulation with ANSYS to the model are carried out. The critical buckling load of the column is obtained. The buckling analysis result is picked up and discussed, and compared with the theoretical calculation. The finite element analysis result is agreed with the theoretical result.
Generation of Optimal Tool-Paths for Five-Axis Finish Milling of Free-Form Surfaces
Authors: Geng Lin , Zhang Yun Feng
Published: April 2012

In this paper, a novel method is proposed to generate optimal 5-axis finish tool-paths regarding joint movements and machining efficiency. A modified genetic algorithm is used to search for the optimal posture sequence along a tool-path while interference avoidance and surface finish quality act as constraints. Case studies are then provided to prove the effectiveness of the algorithm.