bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basidial development, spindle pole body, septal pore, and host‐parasite‐interaction in Ustilago esculenta
Authors: Nagler Apollonia , Bauer Robert , Oberwinkler Franz , Tschen Johannes
Published: March 2008

Smut spore‐germination, spindle pole bodies, septal pores, and host‐parasite interactions have been investigated in Ustilago esculenta. The species is compared with other Ustilago species parasitizing on grasses. The taxonomy of U. esculenta and the Yeniaceae is discussed.
Notes on the Caryophyllaceae of Ethiopia and Somalia
Authors: Gilbert M. G.
Published: March 2008

Four new species from Somalia are described: Herniaria bicolor, Lochia parvibracta, Polycarpaea guardafuensis and P. clavifolia. Two new combinations are made: Minuartia ellenbeckii and Silene gillettii.
Karyotype of Ornithogalum chionophilum (Hyacinthaceae)
Authors: Stedje Brita , Øvstedal Dag Olav
Published: March 2008

A karyotype of Ornithogalum chionophilum is presented. The relationship between this species and O. lanceolatum, O. cuspidatum and O. montanum is discussed.
Geographical variation in fruit morphology in Swedish Callitriche hermaphroditica (Callitrichaceae)
Authors: Martinsson Karin
Published: March 2008

The differentiation of Callitriche hermaphroditica in Sweden expressed in fruit morphology has been studied. Variation among 50 wild‐scored populations is illustrated by canonical variates analysis and cluster analysis and shown to be geographically correlated. Two major geographical races differing in fruit size are distinguished and confirmed by the study of herbarium collections. The anatomy of the fruits is described, based on light microscopical studies. An anatomically aberrant fruit form was found in two different areas in Sweden. Comparisons are made with herbarium collections from Denmark, Norway, Finland and Soviet Karelia. The biogeography, in the light of postglacial events, and the taxonomy of C. hermaphroditica are discussed and a distribution map of C. hermaphroditica s. lat. in Sweden is presented.
Application of epidermal characters to the taxonomy of European species of Antirrhinum (Schrophulariaceae)
Authors: Doaigey A. R. , Harkiss K. J.
Published: March 2008

Epidermal characters provide additional features in the assessment of taxonomic relationships among the European species of Antirrhinum. Much of this study confirms the classification derived by Webb but important differences have been observed, viz. A. mollissimum may be considered as identical to A. molle whilst A. boissieri, A. ambiguum and A. rupestre may be assigned as distinct species. Evidence from epidermal characters supports Rothmaler's view that A. majus spp. litigiosum is a subspecies of A. majus and should not be amalgamated with A. barrelieri as proposed by Webb. A. × huteri is proposed to be a hybrid between A. hispanicum and A. boissieri. Thus it is proposed that the section Antirrhinum comprises 20 species with A. majus divided into five subspecies.
Lobelia tripartita (Lobeliaceae), a new species from Ethiopia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Lobelia tripartita, a prostrate species with dissected leaves, is described from the southern slopes of Bale Mts in Ethiopia.
Revision of Lycoseris (Compositae‐Mutisieae)
Authors: Egeröd Knut , Ståhl Bertil
Published: March 2008

The genus Lycoseris is revised to include eleven species of dioecious subshrubs with mostly scrambling branches. It is distributed from Guatemala to northwestern and western South America, reaching south to Bolivia and southern Brazil. Three new species are described, viz. L. colombiana, L. minor, and L. peruviana. One new combination is made, viz. L. trinervis ssp. altissima.
Observations on some new and interesting Cryptophyceae
Authors: Novarino Gianfranco
Published: March 2008

Three new varieties and two new combinations of marine Cryptophyceae are described: Proteomonas pseudobaltica comb, nov., P. pseudobaltica var. leonardiana var. nov., Pyrenomonas salina var. curvata var. nov., Rhinomonas reticulata var. atrorosea comb, et stat. nov., and R. reticulata var. compressa var. nov. Proteomonas is compared to the freshwater Cryptomonas marssonii. Planktonic specimens collected from the southern North Sea during the NERC North Sea Project 1988/89, tentatively identified as Cryptomonas acuta and Plagioselmis sp., are also examined. Characters having taxonomic significance at various levels include cell compression, periplast features, chloroplast number, nucleomorph position, and phycoerythrin type. Comments are made on cell shrinkage occuring during preparation for scanning electron microscopy (up to about 23%). The appearance af trie vestibular region from which the flagella emerge is also discussed. It is suggested that the term ‘furrow’ may encompass a variety of structures. Of these, only one appears to be non‐artefactual; this seems to be taxonomically significant at most at the species level.
The forest of Vorsø, Denmark: Succession towards a natural, decidous boreal forest influenced by breeding cormorants
Authors: Dal Tommy , Fabricius Peter , Nielsen Jørgen
Published: March 2008

The forest on the strictly protected island Vorsø in Horsens Fjord has since 1952 been examined every ten years to discover the number, basal area, wood volume and aboveground biomass of the species. This paper describes the results from 1982 and the development up to that. The dominating species are Fraxinus excelsior, Ulmus glabra and Fagus sylvatica. The two forests, “Vesterskov” (6.09 ha) and “Østerskov” (2.48 ha) respectively, were, in 1982, still immature. Their number of stems per ha were: 756 and 509; basal area: 38 m2 and 45 m2. volume: 544 m3 and 615 m3; biomass 207 t and 268 t. The annual increase 1972–1982 was respectively 8.8 m3/ha and 0.3 m3/ha. The impact of the cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) is especially in “Østerskov” increasing, since the colony here was established in 1976. The succession of the forest is discussed in relation to the disturbance by the cormorants.
Miscellaneous new taxa of bamboo (Poaceae: Bambuseae) from Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico
Authors: Clark Lynn G. , Londono Ximena
Published: March 2008

Two new species of Chusquea, C. albilanata from Colombia and Ecuador, and C. repens from Mexico, are described and illustrated; two subspecies are recognized within C. repens. A complete description of C. lehmannii, a common species of the upper montane forests and subpáramos in southern Colombia and Ecuador, is provided, and two subspecies are formally recognized. Guadua velutina from central and eastern Mexico is described and illustrated; this species represents the northernmost extension of the genus.
The transmitting tract in Trimezia fosteriana (Iridaceae).
Authors: Bystedt Per‐Arne , Vennigerholz Felizitas
Published: March 2008

Observations of the transmitting tract cells in Trimezia fosteriana were made from the pre‐secretory stage until anthesis. Secretory products appear about 14 days before anthesis in all parts of the pistil. Simultaneously starch disappears from the plastids and the dictyosomes are surrounded by more and larger vesicles than before. In the beginning of the secretory stage multivesicular bodies may be in contact with ER profiles and an ER origin is therefore presumed. Later during the secretory stage the multivesicular bodies are larger and more abundant. Their envelope is often partly fused with the plasma membrane and vesicle swarms are common on the outside of it. Close to flower opening many organelles change in appearence. RER becomes more abundant and the mitochondrial matrix highly electron dense and the cristae expanded. Starch grains reappear and large ones are common in the stigma and ovary plastids. The dictyosomes are numerous and surrounded by the largest vesicles observed during the secretory stage. Osmiophilic granules are common in the dictyo‐some vesicles and under the cell walls abutting the transmitting tract. In the ovary they are present one week before anthesis. In the stigma and style corresponding granules of high electron density appears at the day of flower opening. The extracellular secretory product contains fibrillar and granular substances consisting of carbohydrates, including pectic substances, and proteins.
Records of East African lichens in cool temperate Australia
Authors: Kantvilas Gintaras
Published: March 2008

Three East African lichens, Cladonia praetermissa var. modesta comb, nov., Phaeophyscia fumosa, Pyxine nubila are recorded from cool temperate Australia and their distribution and ecology are discussed. The disjunction in distribution is considered unlikely to be due to long‐distance dispersal and the species may represent ancient relicts.
Growth and reproduction of Scytosiphon lomentaria (Fucophyceae) in relation to temperature in two populations from Denmark
Authors: Kristiansen Aase , Pedersen Poul Møller , Moseholm Lars
Published: March 2008

Two strains of Scytosiphon lomentaria from Denmark have been grown under long‐day conditions on a temperature‐gradient plate. The material from north‐west Jutland (strain No. 46) has a reduced prostrate system (a few‐celled lump) whereas the other material from the Sound (strain No. S41) has a well‐developed crust. This difference plays a significant role in growth and reproductive patterns. Strain No. 46 rapidly produces a great number of cylindrical macrothalli. Within a four‐week experimental period, formation of swarmers from plurilocular sporangia on the macrothalli takes place and results in a maximum dry weight of 32.9 mg at 18.2°C.

Swarmers from the macrothalli of strain S41 always develop into knot‐filamentous or crust‐shaped thalli. The development of the macrothalli, therefore, takes a longer time than in strain 46 and the maximum dry weight is only 16.5 mg at 16°C even within an experimental period of six weeks. The reproductive pattern is more complex than in strain 46. The crusts produce unilocular sporangia at temperatures between 16°C and 23.8°C, and function, therefore, as the reproductive system during the summer as macrothalli disappear at temperatures above 18°C both in nature and in culture. Formation of plurilocular sporangia on macrothalli starts when they are from 6–9 weeks old at temperatures between 11°C and 18°C.

The temperature range for growth in the two strains also differs: Strain 46 grows from 7.3–24.4°C while strain S41 grows at least from 4–5.1°C to an upper limit of 27.1°C, but lower limit has not been determined precisely in the present experiment. These results indicate that temperature ecotypes exist, even within a limited geographic area.
A new species and two new combinations of Leontodon (Asteraceae, Hypochoeridinae)
Authors: Izuzquiza Alvaro
Published: March 2008

Leontodon palisiae sp. nov. occurring in the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco and the Canary Islands is described and illustrated. Cytological data as well as some preliminary results of self‐incompatibility tests in L. palisiae are presented. A comparative carpological study of L. muelleri, L. palisiae and L. salzmannii using the SEM is made, and an identification key of these three species is provided. Two new combinations, L. muelleri ssp. trivialis comb. nov., from Morocco, and L. kralikii comb. nov., from Libya and Tunisia, are proposed. All taxa belong to the series Annui of sect. Kalbfussia in subgenus Oporinia. The basic chromosome number x=5 is here reported for the first time within the genus.
A biosystematic study on Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium in S Sweden
Authors: De‐yuan Hong
Published: March 2008

A detailed study of Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium was undertaken on material from SW Skåne, S Sweden. 38 populations were sampled including 5 from outside the study area. A comprehensive morphological investigation of the variation pattern, which included biometric analyses, led to a reassessment of diagnostic characters. 64 chromosome counts were made from 28 populations. Minor differences in karyotype constitution between species were demonstrated. Crossing experiments involving 4 species were carried out, and F, was analysed as regards morphology, compatibility, meiosis and seed set. The two diploid species (2n=16), R. fluitans and R. circinatus, are shown to be homogeneous and reproducing vegetatively in S Sweden. The tetraploid R. peltatus is outcrossing and probably self‐incompatible, whereas the likewise tetraploid R. baudotii is self‐compatible and mainly self‐pollinated. These tetraploids are interfertile, but morphologically distinct and kept apart by different ecological demands. Hexaploids, generally referred to two separate species, R. aquatilis and R. trichophyllus, are automatically self‐pollinated in bud (sometimes cleistogamous). All characters used to distinguish these two species are found to be variable and readily modified. Crosses between typical R. aquatilis and typical R. trichophyllus are fully fertile. A division into two species seems untenable. (R. trichophyllus is treated as conspecific with R. aquatilis). Semifertile, natural pentaploid hybrid derivates with varying chromosome numbers between R. aquatilis and R. peltatus were found, and have also been experimentally synthesized. The variation pattern in S Sweden deviates in sereral respects from that reported by Cook based mainly on C and W European material.
Lopholaena festiva, a new species from the Transvaal, South Africa (Asteraceae)
Authors: Brusse Franklin
Published: March 2008

A new species of Lopholaena, L. festiva, is described from the northern Transvaal, South Africa. It's affinities are discussed. A distribution map is presented. The tribal disposition of the genus Lopholaena is reviewed.
A new species of Scaphoclamys (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Sirirugsa Puangpen , Larsen Kai
Published: March 2008

Scaphloclamys obcordata is described from the Naratiwat province in South Thailand. Its relationship with 5. klossii is discussed.
Natural hybridization within the genus Callitriche (Callitrichaceae) in Sweden
Authors: Martinsson K.
Published: March 2008

Natural hybridization within the genus Callitriche in Sweden was studied on the basis of herbarium material and field studies. One triploid (2n = 15) hybriditaxon is locally common in Scania, S Sweden, where it is shown to be longlived and to disperse vegetatively to form large clones. The triploid and its derivatives are described as a nothospecies under the name of Callitriche × vigens. Its characteristics, parentage and affinities to Central European hybrids is discussed. As putative parent species, C. platycarpa (2n = 20) and C. cophocarpa (2n = 10) are indicated. The hybrid between C. platycarpa and C. hamulata (2n = 29) and a putative hybrid between C. platycarpa and C. stagnalis were only encountered once each and believed to be shortlived.
The genus Cabomba (Cabombaceae)–a taxonomic study
Authors: Ørgaard Marian
Published: March 2008

The genus Cabomba (Cabombaceae) is revised. Five species and three varieties are recognized: C. aquatica, C. palaeformis, C. furcata, C. haynesii and C. caroliniana including var. caroliniana, var. pulcherrima, and var. flavida var. nov. A basic chromosome number of x = 13 is proposed. Special emphasis has been given to pollen and seed morphology as revealed by SEM studies.
Trametes fumoso‐avellanea (Aphyllophorales): a taxonomic study
Authors: Rajchenberg Mario , Bianchinotti Virginia
Published: March 2008

The morphology, cultural features, sexuality, nuclear behavior and dolipore/parenthesome apparatus of Trametes fumoso‐avellanea were studied in an attempt to settle its taxonomic position. Data provided by the micromorphology, biological (non‐morphological) characters and the non‐perforate parenthesomes sustain its redisposition in the genus Trichaptum Murr.
The relationship between sedimentary chrysophyte scales (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) and limnological characteristics in 25 Norwegian lakes
Authors: Gumming Brian F. , Smol John P. , Birks H. J. B.
Published: March 2008

The relationship between 16 taxa of chrysophyte scales (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) from the surface sediments of 25 soft‐water Norwegian lakes and 16 limnological variables from these lakes was examined using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The Norwegian chrysophyte flora reported in this study is typical of assemblages described from acidic to circumneutral lakes. Lake‐water pH was the environmental variable that explained the most variation in the weighted averages of the chrysophyte taxa, although total aluminium, colour, and specific conductivity were also important. Predictive models were developed to infer lake‐water pH based on species composition of chrysophyte scales in the 25 lakes, using weighted averaging regression and calibration with and without tolerance down‐weighting. Model performance was evaluated by a computer‐intensive bootstrapping procedure to derive root mean squared errors of predictions. In our data set, tolerance corrected weighted average regression and calibration was shown to be a more reliable predictor of pH than simple weighted averaging. This study shows that the remains of chrysophyte scales in Norway can be used as palaeo‐biological indicators of lake‐water pH.
Notes on Myriophyllum mattogrossense (Haloragaceae)
Authors: Orchard A. E. , Kasselmann Christel
Published: March 2008

The range of this species, previously recorded from only three collections from Brazil and Peru, is extended to Ecuador. The new collection differs from those previously described in having apetalous flowers, indehiscent anthers, glands on the young developing stems and leaves, and hydathodes at the base of young leaf pinnae. Despite these differences, this new collection is considered to belong to M. mattogrossense Hoehne, and an amended description and illustrations are provided.
Development of aerenchyma in roots and rhizomes of Carex rostrata (Cyperaceae)
Authors: Fagerstedt Kurt V.
Published: March 2008

Aerenchyma development in Carex rostrata was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Specimens were collected at two locations in southern Finland. Examination showed the beginning of aerenchyma development in the cortex of roots at the distance of 30–45 mm from the apex and it was fully developed at 75–90 mm from the apex. First, schizogenous cavities were formed in the cortex, and the sequence continued with a collapse of tangential cell walls in the cortex, leaving radial strands of cells intact and leading to a structure resembling a cobweb in cross section. In the rhizomes some of the radial cell walls disintegrated in the cortex, resulting in radial rows of cells without any tangential connections. No diaphragms were observed in the rhizome. There were no direct contacts between the gas spaces of the roots and the rhizomes. The significance of aerenchyma for metabolic processes is discussed.
Three new species of Bromeliaceae from Ecuador
Authors: Luther Harry E.
Published: March 2008

Three new species of Bromeliaceae (subfamily Tillandsioideae) from Ecuador are described and illustrated: Guzmania atrocastanea from Prov. Morona‐Santiago; G. condorensis from Prov. Zamora‐Chinchipe; and Vriesea boeghii from Prov. Loja.
A new subspecies of Bauhinia ornata (Leguminosae) from India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay S. , Sharma B. D. , Thothathri K.
Published: March 2008

A new subspecies, Bauhinia ornata ssp. mizoramensis is described from Mizo hills, Mizoram in NE India.
A new species of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) from Andaman Islands, India
Authors: Rao P. S. N.
Published: March 2008

A new species, Dendrobium gunnarii P. S. N. Rao, so far endemic to the virgin forests of Andaman Islands is described and illustrated. Affinities with the distantly related species D. wilmsianum Schltr. in section Stachyobium are dicussed.
Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium on the Aegean islands and adjacent areas: nectary types and breeding system
Authors: Dahlgren G.
Published: March 2008

Eight nectary types of Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium on the Aegean islands and adjacent areas are described, and presented in camera lucida drawings and scanning electron micrographs (SEM). Their relation to taxa and the variation in and between populations are discussed. The appearance of the nectary is one of the most useful morphological characters taxonomically, and is also useful for revealing the hybrid origin of many populations. The breeding system of Aegean taxa and the probable evolution of the nectary types are discussed.
A new species of Isoglossa (Acanthaceae) from NE tropical Africa
Authors: Hedrén Mikael
Published: March 2008

The first species of Isoglossa known from Somalia, I. congesta is described om material from central Somalia and SE Ethiopia. It is related to I. parvifolia Rendle, occurring in E Ethiopia, but differs in the contracted inflorescences and long calyx lobes with long glandular hairs.
Notes on Thai and Indo‐Chinese Phaseoleae (Leguminosae‐Papilionoideae)
Authors: Niyomdham Chawalit
Published: March 2008

Four new species, Cruddasia craibii, Flemingia kradungensis, F. tiliacea and Pueraria maesenii are described and illustrated. The following new combinations are proposed: Cruddasia pinnata; C. laotica, Dolichos grahamianus; D. oxyphyllus; Dolichovigna pilosa; Erythrina stricta var. suberosa; Flemingia macrophylla var. sootepensis; Pueraria candollei var. mirifica; Shuteria suffulta var. sinensis and Vigna radiata var. grandiflora. Pueraria rigens is moved to the tribe Millettieae (=Mellettia rigens).
Some overlooked or misidentified species of Teloschistes from South America and a key to the South‐American species
Authors: Almborn Ove
Published: March 2008

Three species are discussed: Teloschistes hosseusianus Gyelnik, formerly known only from the type locality in Argentina is shown to have a wider distribution in South America. T. stellatus (Mey. & Flot.) Mull. Arg. known only from the type locality in Peru is reported from other localities in Peru and Chile. T. velifer F. Wils. previously known from Australia and New Zealand is reported from six localities in Chile. One of these is T. hollermayeri Ras. which is a synonym of T. velifer. A key is given to the 11 species of Teloschistes so far known from South America.
Notes on the genus Pteroceras (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Pedersen Henrik Ærenlund
Published: March 2008

A new name (Pteroceras semiteretifolium H. Æ. Peders.) and two new combinations (P. cladostachyum (Hook.f.) H. Æ. Peders., P. unguiculatum (Lindley) H. Æ. Peders.) are presented. The correct application of the name P. pallidum (Blume) Holttum is discussed.
New species of Maerua and Cleome (Capparaceae) from Somalia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

The new species Maerua purpurascens (southern Somalia, on stabilized dune near coast) and Cleome kersiana (northern Somalia, on semi‐desert gravel plain) are described and illustrated.
Crustose lichens as indicators of forest continuity in boreal coniferous forests
Authors: Tibell Leif
Published: March 2008

The crustose lichen flora of fifteen areas in boreal coniferous forests from southern Sweden to Lapland was surveyed. Many of these areas are included in a national programme for monitoring long‐term environmental change, the PMK programme. In all 190 species were recorded, 129 of them occurring on bark of conifers and lignum. Some species were found exclusively in forests with a long continuity. By using ordination and hierarchical classifications further species with similar habitat requirements were identified. An Indicator Species Index of Forest Continuity (ISIFC) was designed. Only two of the twenty index species occur on deciduous trees. The ISIFC was highly correlated with forest continuity and also with occurrence of species listed as threatened. Correlations with macroclimatic variables are considered sampling artifacts, and microclimatic factors are suggested to be of primary importance for species occurring in forests with a long continuity.
On the taxonomy of five saxicolous species of the genus Rinodina (lichenized Ascomycetes)
Authors: Mayrhofer H. , Scheidegger Ch. , Sheard J. W.
Published: March 2008

The taxonomy, ecology and distribution of Rinodina deflectens, R. interjecta, R. rinodinoides, R. tephraspis and R. trachytica are treated. New combinations are made for R. interjecta and R. rinodinoides. R. melanocarpa and R. serpentini are synonyms of R. rinodinoides. R. badiella and R. kentuckyensis are synonyms of R. tephraspis, and R. iberica of R. trachytica.
Stictyosiphon arcticus (Fucophyceae, Stictyosiphonaceae) a new species from Greenland, North Norway, and Baffin Island
Authors: Pedersen P. M. , Kristiansen Aa.
Published: March 2008

A new species of Stictyosiphon from the North Atlantic is decribeci. Morphologically it resembles a densely branched Chordaria flagelliformis or an aberrant Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus. It disagrees with known species of Stictyosiphon by a loosely constructed cortex which develops in connection with formation of plurilocular sporangia. We, therefore, consider this a new species for which the name Stictyosiphon arcticus is proposed.
Heinrichs Skuja's contribution to phycological research in Latvia
Authors: Piterans A.
Published: March 2008

A review of H. Skuja's phycological research carried out in Latvia during the period 1924–1944. It is due to his research that the number of algal species identified in Latvia increased from 200 to 2300. 50 species and varieties, and 9 genera were described by him as new.
Ceratium in Lake Erken: vertical distribution, migration and form variation
Authors: Lindström Kåre
Published: March 2008

External morphological features and growth characteristics of the dinoflagellates Ceratium hirundinella and C. furcoides were investigated in relation to the environmental conditions in Lake Erken. Three distinct population maxima were distinguished, one in June, one in July, and one in September. C. hirundinella dominated the spring and summer populations. C. furcoides was rare in June, but it continuously increased and composed ca. 18% of the Ceratium‐cetts in the autumn. The size of a C. hirundinella decreased during the investigation period and a form with a long horn disappeared in June. Ceratium was most numerous during the warmer periods in summer when a distinct thermocline appeared and before the turnover period in September. The alga preferred depths down to 3 m where the blue light dominated and the following parametric magnitudes could be measured: oxygen contents >5 mg 1‐1, pH >7, HCO3, >1.7 meq. · 1‐1, and a specific conductivity of ca. 250 mS · cm‐1. The algal growth periods displayed doubling times of 2.63 and 4.04 days at surface temperatures of 19°C and 15°C, respectively. The water transparency decreased 3.8 m when Ceratium reached cell densities of 13 individuals · ml‐1 (0–10 m depth). Its vertical migration demonstrated a dial rhythm with accumulation of cells in the surface waters during the day. Complicated patterns of surface avoidance occurred in clear weather and under wind stress.
The meticulous phycological investigation of Lake Rudträsket, Central Sweden, 1947–1949, by Heinrichs Skuja
Authors: Willén Torbjörn
Published: March 2008

In 1947–1949, studies of water chemistry, aquatic macrophytes, bryophytes and algae were performed in a small lake, L. Rudträsket, near Stockholm, but only a few results concerning water chemistry and macrophytes have so far been published. Heinrichs Skuja (1892–1972) left 62 hand‐written pages with the results of his analyses from the lake: a list of taxa, some measurements and several algal sketches. The main part of this material is presented here. Skuja identified about 640 taxa with a majority for desmids, ca. 290, followed by ca. 100 chlorophyceans, 65 euglenophytes and 60 cyanophytes. The species composition gives a fairly reflection of the character of the lake: small, shallow, rich in humus, acid and surrounded by swampy areas with Sphagnum. Dimensions of algae as well as drawings from L. Rudträsket have partly been published in publications by Skuja. In this paper seven plates with about 115 figures have been drawn in Indian ink and printed. Today, the lake has a lower pH value, pH 4.6, than in 1947–1949, pH 5.3–6.1, and would be a stimulating object for comparative studies.
New species of Euphorbia subgenus Tirucalli (Euphorbiaceae) from Somalia and Oman
Authors: Carter Susan
Published: March 2008

A small shrub, Euphorbia bariensis related to E. arbuscula, a sturdy shrub, E. pachyclada related to E. consobrina and E. nubica, and one with conspicuous bracts, E. papilionum related to E. cameronii, are described as distinctive new endemic‐species from northeast Somalia. A new endemic, E. dhofarensis related to E. larica, is also described from the Dhofar region of Oman.
New herbaceous and woody species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) from Somalia
Authors: Carter Susan
Published: March 2008

A small prostrate herb, Euphorbia salsicola, a woody shrublet with curious tubers, E. scatorhiza, and a small tree with decorative bracts, E. thulinii, are described as new species of Euphorbia. Within subgenus Lyciopsis the morphological variability of E. cuneata in Somalia is discussed and a new subspecies cretacea is described. E. gypsophila, a closely related but distinct species found only on gypsum is also described as new, together with E. dunensis, a shrublet from the coastal dunes and E. tripartita, another shrub in the same subgenus related to E. matabelensis. As far as present records show, all the new taxa are endemic in Somalia.
A new species of Farsetia (Brassicaceae) from Somalia
Authors: Jonsell Bengt , Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Farsetia frutkans, sp. nov., from a limestone escarpment of NE Somalia is described and illustrated.
Erythrodecton kurzii, comb. nov.
Authors: Thor Göran
Published: March 2008

Chiodecton kurzii is referred to the genus Erythrodecton. E. kurzii i widely distributed in Asia and Australia but only known from very few localities. It is corticolous in open, rather dry tropical rain‐forests.
The genus Ptyssiglottis (Acanthaceae). A taxonomic monograph
Authors: Hansen Bertel
Published: March 2008

A taxonomic treatment of the genus Ptyssiglottis including Ancylacanthus, Hallieru‐cantha, Oreothyrsus, and Polytrema is given. The phylogeny is briefly dealt with. Leaf morphology, inflorescence morphology and pollen morphology yield important characters. The distribution of selected characters is mapped. The distribution of all species is mapped. Eight new species are published viz. P. campanulata, P. decurrens, P. fusca, P. glandulifera, P. longisepala, P mucronata, P. pubescens, and P. staminodifera. Fifteen new combinations are made viz. P. caudata, P. creaghii, P. cuprea, P. cyrtandroides, P. dulcamarioides, P. fastidiosa, P. glabrisepala, P. granulata, P. nigrescens, P. peranthera, P. psychotriifolia, P. pubisepala, P. salicifolia, P. sanguinolenta, and P. undulata.
Crossing relationships and chromosome numbers of Nordic populations of Draba (Brassicaceae), with emphasis on the D. alpina complex
Authors: Brochmann Christian , Borgen Liv , Stedje Brita
Published: March 2008

101 populations of Nordic Draba were investigated for chromosome numbers and crossing relationships. The populations were referred to 16 currently recognized species of Sect. Draba, Sect. Chrysodraba (including the D. alpina complex with D. alpina, D. oxycarpa, and D. corymbosa), and Sect. Drabella. The chromosome data suggest that all populations and species are homoploid. Three species are diploid, and 13 species are polyploids ranging from tetraploid to 16‐ploid. Draba alpina is decaploid, D. oxycarpa is octoploid, and D. corymbosa is 16‐ploid. The chromosome numbers of D. micropetala (n = 16,4x) and D. adamsii (n = 24,2n = 48, 6x) of Sect. Chrysodraba and D. cinerea (n = 24, 6x) of Sect. Draba were determined for the first time based on Nordic material. The relationships inferred from the crossing data largely agree with those inferred from previously published molecular data, but correspond poorly to relationships inferred from morphology. Inter‐populational F1 hybrids in D. fladnizensis were entirely sterile, suggesting that this predominantly inbreeding diploid species comprises at least two sibling species, possibly isolated by genic barriers. Sterile to semifertile F1 hybrids with intermediate chromosome numbers were obtained in 19 interspecific combinations. F2 hybrids were obtained in seven of these combinations. Both Sect. Chrysodraba and the D. alpina complex are probably polyphyletic. The crossing data suggest that the morphologically very similar polyploids D. alpina (10x) and D. oxycarpa (8x) do not have any diploid progenitors in common, and that Sect. Draba forms an intricate allopolyploid complex that also includes D. alpina and D. corymbosa of Sect. Chrysodraba. Draba corymbosa (16x) is probably an intersectional, polyphyletic alloploid derived from D. alpina (10x) and various hexaploids of Sect. Draba. Crossing data also suggest that D. norvegica (6x) is one of the progenitors of the Nordic endemic D. cacuminum (8x). The phenotypic expression of genes encoding taxonomically important indument characters did not follow consistent patterns in interspecific hybrids. This result may explain the discrepancy between genetic and taxonomic relationships in Nordic Draba, and supports the use of wide taxonomic concepts in this highly reticulate genus.
Notes on Tetragonia (Aizoaceae‐Tetragonioideae) in Somalia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Tetragonia pentandra, previously believed to be an endemic of Socotra, is reported from northern Somalia. T. retusa sp. nov., a very distinctive endemic of central Somalia with features that partly link Tetragonia and Tribulocarpus, is described and illustrated.
Boesenbergia tenuispicata (Zingiberaceae): a new species from Thailand
Authors: Larsen Kai
Published: March 2008

Boesenbergia renuispicafa is described from southern Thailand. Its relationship is discussed.
Quantitative phytogeography of the genus Allium in Siberia and Mongolia
Authors: Friesen Nikolai , Bolognini Gloria , Nimis Pier Luigi
Published: March 2008

The phytogeography of the genus Allium in Siberia and Mongolia is described, based on the numerical classification of a matrix of 56 species and 769 Operational Geographic Uniis (OGUs). Two main diversity centers can be detected, the Altai‐Tuva region and southeastern Siberia, which can be further subdivided into 4 subcenters: Altai Mts., Tuva Mts., southern Baikal and Dahuria. The first three subcenters. located in southern Siberia, are rich in endemic species, which are mostly bound to semi‐arid environments such as montane steppes and alpine vegetation. These old, isolated mountain ranges constitute the main refugial centers for the Allium flora of Siberia and Mongolia. The Tuva subcenter, rich in endemics and poor in polyploid species, seems to be the most conservative area; the south Baikal region, much richer in polyploid species, appears as an important center af speciation.
Morphological and ecological characteristics of Chrysosphaerella longispina and C. brevispina (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Siver Peter A.
Published: March 2008

Although Chrysosphaerella longispina and C. brevispina are common species reported from freshwater localities, only scattered ecological records exist. In addition. most identifications and descriptions are based on features of their siliceous components as viewed with transmission electron microscopy. In this study details of scales and spines are made with scanning electron microscopy. Ecological data for both taxa along seasonal, temperature, pH, specific conductance and total phosphorus gradients are discussed for Connecticut lakes and compared to records compiled from the literature. C. brevispina and C. longispina were found to be distributed primarily in winter and summer/autumn months, respectively. As a result, C. brevispina had a much lower weighted mean temperature of 6°C. Both taxa were found to have maximal distribution between pH 5 and 7, and to be more common in waters low in specific conductance; however, C. brevispina was also observed in localities with higher specific conductance. The distribution of both taxa along trophic gradients is also discussed.
Population genetic analyses of an amphi‐Atlantic species: Lychnis alpina (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Haraldsen K. B. , Wesenberg J.
Published: March 2008

Lychnis alpina is a perennial caryophyllaceous plant with an amphi‐Atlantic distribution. 27 populations are described on the basis of allozyme data from 11 electro‐phoretic loci. L. alpina has a relatively low level of genetic variation, 3 of the loci are polymorphic (P.,%= 20.2%) and the mean expected heterozygosity per indivindual is H3= 0.233 the three polymorphic loci included (H = 0.064, 11 loci included). Despite relatively low level of genetic variation, the genetic diversity among populations is relatively high with FST= 0.51. A hierarchial analysis of genetic diversity demonstrates that most of the genetic diversity exists as interpopulational, intra‐regional diversity. Genetic identity is not associated with the intercontinental geographical distribution of the populations, neither is the diversity correspondant to taxonomic relationships.
Pelargonium wonchiense (Geraniaceae): a new species from Ethiopia
Authors: Vorster P. , Gilbert M. G.
Published: March 2008

Pelargonium wonchiense is described as new from Ethiopia. It is an annual species with minute flowers, and falls in the section Peristera of which the centre of diversity lies in the south‐western Cape Province of South Africa.
Note on the nomenclature of Cassieae (Leguminosae‐Caesalpinioideae) in Malaysia
Authors: Larsen Kai
Published: March 2008

As a precursor for the treatment of Caesalpiniaceae in Flora Malesiana the following new combinations are proposed: Cassia javanica ssp. pubiflora stat. nov., C. javanica ssp. agnes stat. nov., C. javanica ssp. microcalyx stat. nov. C. javanica ssp. renigera stat. nov., C. javanica ssp. bartonii stat. nov., Senna divaricata comb. nov., Chamae‐christa pumila comb. nov. and Chamaechrista mindanaensis comb. nov.
Developmental studies in orchid flowers IV: Cypripedioid species
Authors: Kurzweil H.
Published: March 2008

The floral development of four species of Cypripediaceae (sensu Rasmussen 1985) was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, with special attention to the early development of the organs that constitute the gynostemium. At the ventral base of the gynostemium a prominent structure was observed. It is most probably a vestige of the median adaxial stamen a3 based on its early initiation and place of origin. In Cypripedium calceolus the median carpel primordium is, according to expectation, initiated slightly earlier than the lateral carpel primordia, and later develops into the largest stigma lobe. Interestingly, Cypripedium irapeanurn shows an opposite sequence in the initial phase of the carpel development in that the primordia of the lateral carpels are initiated before the primordium of the median carpel.
Hybridization between Taeniatherum caput‐medusae and Triticum aestívum (Poaceae)
Authors: Frederiksen Signe
Published: March 2008

Hybrid plants were obtained in an intergeneric cross between Taenìatherum caputmedusae (2n = 2x = 14) and Triticum aestívum (2n = 6x = 42). The chromosome number was as expected 2n = 28. Morphologically the offspring looked like Triticum aestívum. Analysis of meiotic metaphase I showed an unexpected high number of bi‐ and trivalents which is ascribed to homoeologous pairing of chromosomes from T. aestivum. It is concluded that the genome of Taeniatherum has effects on the pairing regulation system present in T. aestívum.
Hybridization between Viola canina and V. persicifolia in Norway
Authors: Røren Vigdis , Stabbetorp Odd , Borgen Liv
Published: March 2008

Hybridization in Norway between Viola canina and V persicifolia was investigated by analysis of root tip mitosis, pollen stainability and morphological variation. The chromosome number was proved to be 2n = 40 (tetraploid) for V. canina ssp. montana, 2n = 20 (diploid) for V. persicifolia and 2n = 30 (triploid) for the hybrid, V. canina×persicifolia. No deviating chromosome numbers were found. The tetraploids and the diploids had a high frequency, and the triploids a low frequency, of apparently good pollen grains. Canonical variate analysis were used to investigate the pattern of morphological differentiation in the material. The specimens clearly separate into three groups in accordance with the three ploidy levels. No introgression was demonstrated.
Taxonomy of the Carex flava complex (Cyperaceae) in Finland
Authors: Pykälä Juha , Toivonen Heikki
Published: March 2008

The morphological variation in the Carex flava complex (sect. Ceratocystis) in Finland, particularly taxa described by Alvar Palmgren as endemic to northern Europe, was studied using numerical analyses. Discriminant analyses were used to maximize the separation of the taxa. However, the separation of the taxa described by Palmgren was weak. The taxonomic treatment of the C. flava complex in Finland based on morphology, ecology, distribution and hybridization of the taxa is presented. Four species are recognized: Carex flava (the lectotype is selected here), C. lepidocarpa, C. demissa and C. viridula. C. lepidocarpa includes ssp. lepidocarpa and ssp. jemtlandica. In the polymorphic C. viridula, three taxa are recognized: var. viridula, var. bergrothii and var. pulchella. A key to the taxa is presented. The distribution of the taxa in Finland is presented, and their ecology is briefly discussed.
Taxonomìc analysis of Senecio pauciflorus and S. indecorus (Asteraceae)
Authors: Bain John F. , Whitton Jeannette
Published: March 2008

Senecio pauciflorus and S. indecorus (=Packera pauciflora and P. indecora) are autogamous, high polyploid species with similar geographic ranges in North America. Their east‐west distribution pattern including a disjunction in California is unusual within the aureoid Senecio complex and may provide insights into the origins of the aureoid complex. Taxonomic treatment of the two taxa has varied in the past due to the similarity and variability of the taxa. Results of morphological analyses of 192 herbarium specimens show that the taxa are best treated as two distinct species and that infraspecifìc variation is not related to geographical distribution. Separation of taxa remains difficult. California specimens are the most difficult to classify and may represent the ancestral group. Based on morphology and chromosome number it is suggested that the 5. pauciflorus‐S. indecorus group may have originated from the arctic‐alpine aureoid group including S. cymbalaria.
A new species of Plantago (Plantaginaceae) from Ethiopia
Authors: Ryding Olof
Published: March 2008

A new species from southern and Eastern Ethiopia, Plantago annua is described and illustrated.
Suppression of the toxic effect of soluble aluminium on fungi by dermocybin‐1‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside and orellanine from Cortinarius sanguineus and C. orellanoides
Authors: Høiland Klaus
Published: March 2008

Extracts of Cortinarius sanguineus — containing anthraquinones — and C. orellanoides — containing orellanine — were examined for their ability to suppress the toxicity of aluminium ions by a bioassay experiment using the saprotrophic basidiomycete Mycena septentrionalis as the test organism. The aluminium concentrations used were: 0, 0.5,0.5e1, 0.5e2,0.5e3, and 0.5e4 mM Al. All were given as aluminium sulphate, with or without the extract of Cortinarius sanguineus or C. orellanoides. The extract of C. sanguineus suppressed the toxic effect of Al up to 0.5e3 mM. The C. orellanoides extract inhibited growth of the test organism up to 0.5e1 mM Al and suppressed the toxic effect of Al up to 0.5e3 mM Al. Mycena septentrionalis grew rapidly in 0.5e2 and 0.5e3 mM Al. Chromatographic investigations indicated that Al was mainly bound to dermocybin‐1‐ß‐D‐glucopyranoside, but not to anthraquinone aglycones in the C. sanguineus extract. Corresponding procedures for the C. orellanoides extract revealed that Al was bound to orellanine (and orelline). Orellanine may form an Al‐complex polymer at moderate Al levels and an Al‐chelate at high Al levels. Aluminium removed the toxic effect of orellanine. The significance of a possible Al detoxifying mechanism for the tested fungi in nature is discussed.
Stirtonia, a new genus of the tribe Podalyrieae (Leguminosae) from South Africa
Authors: van Wyk Ben‐Erik , Schutte Anne Lise
Published: March 2008

The genus Stirtonia is described to accommodate three anomalous species, hitherto placed in Podalyria. The new genus differs from Podalyria mainly in the decussate (geminate) inflorescence structure (racemose in Podalyria), the yellow flower colour (purple, pink or white in Podalyria), the non‐fleshy rim‐aril of the seeds (seed aril invariably fleshy and collar‐like in Podalyria) and in the diagnostically different combination of quinolizidine alkaloids. The major alkaloidal metabolites are carboxylic acid esters of lupanine and virgiline, but these compounds are totally absent in Podalyria. The morphology of inflorescences, leaves, flowers and seeds are described and illustrated. Chromosome numbers (2n = 18) are reported for the first time. A formal taxonomic treatment of the three species, S. tayloriana, S. chrysantha and S. insignis, is presented.
A new species of Echinolaena (Poaceae: Paniceae) from Ecuador and a key to the New World species of the genus
Authors: Filgueiras Tarciso S.
Published: March 2008

Echinolaena ecuadoriana sp. nov. from the provinces of El Oro and Guayas in Ecuador is described and compared with E. standleyi. A key to the New World species of Echinolaena is provided, as well as illustration of the inflorescences and spikelets of all the 6 New World species (E. ecuadoriana, E. gracilis, E. inflexa, E. minarum, E. oplismenoides, and E. standelyi).
A new species of Ochradenus (Resedaceae) from southern Arabia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Ochradenus gifrii, a new species from the Mahrah Region in Yemen and the Dhofar Region in Oman, is described and illustrated.
The sorediate, saxicolous species of the Lecanora subfusca group in Europe
Authors: Brodo Irwin M. , Owe‐Larsson Björn , Lumbsch H. Thorsten
Published: March 2008

The sorediate, saxicolous members of the Lecanora subfusca group, which include L. campestris ssp. dolomitica, L. caesiosora, L. pannonica, and L. umbrosa, although frequently misnamed, can be distinguished morphologically and chemically. Lecanora caesiosora is most variable, with a southerly form having a dark grey, thick thallus, and a more northerly, often shade‐loving, morphotype having a very pale, thin thallus. The species are described, and a diagnostic key is presented including some confusable species. Lecanora pannonica and L. neglecta are neotypified.
Spiniferomonas abrupta, sp. nov. and some rare species of Synurophyceae and Chrysophyceae, not formerly recorded from Denmark
Authors: Nielsen Yvonne
Published: March 2008

Eight ponds and lakes were examined for scale‐bearing chrysophytes (Synurophyceae and Chrysophyceae) and abiotic parameters. Samples were taken monthly, throughout one year. All species of scale‐bearing chrysophytes were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Altogether 74 taxa were found including a new species of Spiniferomonas (S. abrupta sp. nov.). Some rare species, not formerly recorded from Denmark, were also observed: Mallomonas asmundiae, M. corcontica, M. pumitio var. silvicola, Paraphysomonas capreolata, P. elegantissima, P. limbata, and Spiniferomonas silverensis.