bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of a highly drought-resistant pp7l hda6 mutant
Authors: Xu Duorong , Leister Dario , Kleine Tatjana
Published: June 2024

Plants have developed efficient strategies to counteract drought stress, including stomata closure, significant changes in nuclear gene expression, and epigenetic mechanisms. Previously, we identified Arabidopsis thaliana PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE7-LIKE (PP7L) as an extrachloroplastic protein that promotes chloroplast development. In addition, it was shown that PP7L is involved in high light and salt tolerance. Here, we demonstrate that the pp7l mutant can withstand prolonged periods of drought stress. Interestingly, despite impaired growth under standard growth conditions, photosynthetic efficiency recovers in pp7l mutant plants experiencing drought conditions. To assess the (post)transcriptional changes occurring in the pp7l mutant under different durations of drought exposure, we used an RNA-sequencing technique that allows the simultaneous detection of organellar and nuclear transcripts. Compared with the previously reported drought-responsive changes in the wild type, the drought-responsive changes in organellar and nuclear transcripts detected in the pp7l mutant were negligible. Our analysis of the data generated in this study and review and analysis of previous literature motivated us to create a pp7l hda6 (histone deacetylase 6) mutant, which exhibits remarkable drought resistance. Notably, the growth penalty associated with pp7l was alleviated in the double mutant, ruling out a dwarf effect on the drought-tolerant trait of this genotype. Future studies may consider that multiple loci and factors are involved in stress resistance and explore combinations of these factors to create even more resilient plants.
Effectiveness of acupuncture combined with auricular acupressure in the treatment of postoperative ileus: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lyu Ruoyun , Wen Zonglin , Huang Rong , Yang Zhiling , Chen Yingqun
Published: June 2024

Background

About one-third of patients experience postoperative ileus (POI) after abdominal surgery, which can cause various complications and has not been treated well in clinical practice. The comprehensive treatment offered by traditional Chinese medicine may be a good choice for promoting intestinal mobility. Therefore, the aim of this study protocol is to observe the effectiveness of acupuncture combined with auricular acupressure in decreasing the incidence and related symptoms of POI.

Methods

This is a single-center, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial. A total of 160 participants are supposed to recruit at Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital and randomly divided into two parallel groups in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group are planned to receive manual acupuncture combined with auricular acupressure, while the control group are planned to receive regular enhanced recovery after surgery treatment. The primary outcome is the time to first defecation and first flatus after surgery. The secondary outcomes include the length of postoperative hospital stay, intensity of postoperative abdominal pain and distension, severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting, time to tolerate diet, inflammatory index, and incidence of prolonged postoperative ileus.

Discussion

The results of this research will provide substantial evidence regarding the efficacy of comprehensive traditional Chinese treatment, specifically auricular acupressure and manual acupuncture, in treating and preventing POI.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: ChiCTR2300075983, registered on September 21, 2023.
Decreasing incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Hungary between 2011 and 2021 revealed by robust estimates reconciling multiple data sources
Authors: Gálffy Gabriella , Szabó Géza Tamás , Tamási Lilla , Müller Veronika , Moldvay Judit , Sárosi Veronika , Kerpel-Fronius Anna , Kardos Tamás , Csada Edit , Pápai-Székely Zsolt , Szász Zoltán , Király Zsolt , Hódi Gábor , Kovács Zsuzsanna , Balogh Éva , Kovács Krisztina Andrea , Darida Miklós , Buga Viktória , Rokszin György , Abonyi-Tóth Zsolt , Kiss Zoltán , Vokó Zoltán , Bogos Krisztina
Published: June 2024

Objective

Hungary has repeatedly been shown to have the highest cancer-related mortality and incidence in Europe. Despite lung cancer being the most abundant malignant diagnosis in Hungary, numerous concerns have been raised recently regarding the bias inherent to reported incidence estimates. Re-analysis of reimbursement claims has been suggested previously by our group as an alternative approach, offering revised figures of lung cancer incidence between 2011 and 2016. Leveraging on this methodology, we aimed at updating Hungarian lung cancer incidence estimates with an additional 5 years (2017–2021), including years affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we also attempted to improve the robustness of estimates by taking additional characteristics of the patient pathway into account.

Methods

Lung cancer patients between 2011 and 2021 were identified based on reimbursement-associated ICD-10 codes, histology codes and time patterns. Multiple query architectures were tested for sensitivity and compared to official estimates of the Hungarian National Cancer Registry (HNCR). Epidemiological trends were estimated by Poisson-regression, corrected for age and sex.

Results

A total of 89,948 lung cancer patients diagnosed in Hungary between 2011 and 2021 have been identified by our study. In 2019 alone, 7,887 patients were diagnosed according to our optimized query. ESP2013 standardized rate was estimated between 92.5/100,000 (2011) and 78.4/100,000 (2019). In 2019, standardized incidence was 106.8/100,000 for men and 59.7/100,000 for women. Up until the COVID-19 pandemic, lung cancer incidence was decreasing by 3.18% (2.1%–4.3%) yearly in men, while there was no significant decrease in women. Young age groups (40–49 and 50–59) featured the largest improvement, but women aged 60–79 are at an increasing risk for developing lung cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a statistically significant decrease in lung cancer incidence, especially in the 50–59 age group (both sexes).

Conclusion

Our results show that using an optimized approach, re-analysis of reimbursement claims yields robust estimates of lung cancer incidence. According to this approach, the incidence rate of male lung cancer is declining in Hungary, in concordance with the trend observed for lung cancer mortality. Among women aged 60–79, the incidence of lung cancer has risen, requiring more attention in the near future.
Nitrogen Addition Mitigates Drought by Promoting Soybean (Glycine Max (Linn.) Merr) Flowering and Podding and Affecting Related Enzyme Activities
Authors: Li Mengjiao , Zhang Kangxu , Liu Jianguo , Nizam ul Din Ghulam
Published: June 2024

Drought at the flower and pod stage, which is the most moisture-sensitive stage of soybean development, is the main cause of yield loss in soybean. Nitrogen is a vital nutrient for soybeans. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of post-drought nitrogen fertilization at the soybean (Heihe 45) pod stage to (1) reduce pod shedding and increase yield, and (2) elucidate the mechanisms by which nitrogen fertilization regulates soybean growth under drought stress. The pot experiment was designed with two moisture levels and three nitrogen levels, resulting in a total of six treatments. The results show that nitrogen reduces cellular oxidation by regulating key enzymes of sucrose metabolism, such as sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase; and regulates cellulase to reduce shedding and mitigate drought. Comparison of low and high nitrogen conditions under drought conditions showed that the number of flowers and pods in soybean increased by 30% and 32.94%, respectively, malondialdehyde content decreased by 24%, cellulase activity in flowers and pods decreased by 15.07% and 12.31%, respectively, and yields increased by 29.98% under high nitrogen conditions. The high nitrogen treatment performed optimally and the differences between treatments reached the significant level.
Development of a Bionic Picking Device for High Harvest and Low Loss Rate Pod Pepper Harvesting and Related Working Parameter Optimization Details
Authors: Han Dianlei , Zhang He , Li Guoyu , Wang Gaoliang , Wang Xinzhong , Chen Yongcheng , Chen Xuegeng , Wen Xiangyu , Yang Qizhi , Zhao Rongqiang
Published: June 2024

Addressing the issues of low harvesting efficiency and high losses in current pod pepper harvesters, this study presents the design of a bionic comb finger pod pepper picking device and an inclined double-spiral bell pepper harvester to improve the harvest rate and reduce loss rate. Through the utilization of discrete element simulation software EDEM, a discrete element model for pod peppers is established. Additionally, a simulation platform for ground drop loss during pod pepper picking is developed, enabling exploration of the movement trajectory and velocity changes of the pod pepper elements. The study also conducts an analysis on the impact of the speed of the picking rollers X1, the feeding speed of pod peppers X2, and the spacing between the two picking rollers X3 on ground drop losses. Based on the results of the single-factor test, the Box–Behnken response surface test was used to optimize the working parameters of the picking device, which resulted in the optimal combination of the working parameters of the picking device: the speed of the picking rollers was 680.41 rpm, the feeding speed of the pod peppers was 0.5 m/s, and the spacing between the two picking rollers was 12 mm, which resulted in the loss rate of pod peppers on the floor of the ground being 3.526%.
An Integrated Potato-Planting Machine with Full-Film Mulching and Ridged Row Soil Covering
Authors: Li Jianwei , Sun Wei , Wang Hucun , Wang Juanling , Simionescu Petru A.
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the design of an integrated potato-planting machine capable of full-film covering, creating micro-ditches on ridges, and covering seed rows with soil. The machine addresses the challenges of traditional methods, allowing for mechanized planting with complete film coverage and individual seed row soil covering. The key components of the prototype were analyzed and designed. This includes the seeding system, the pointed wing-shaped trencher for creating micro-ditches, and the straddling film-mulching device. Additionally, the operating mechanism of these core components was analyzed. Field trials demonstrated an 85% success rate for seed depth placement under the film. The machine also achieved a 90% qualified index for seed potato spacing, with a 6% repetitive seeding rate and a 3% missed seeding rate. Furthermore, the qualified rate for covered soil width on seed rows was 94%, and the qualified rate for covered soil thickness was 93%. The adjacent row spacing achieved an 88% success rate. The degree of mechanical damage to the exposed surface of the mulch film was minimal, at only 30.2 mm2/m2. These results meet all the national and industry standards. The successful field trials confirm the effectiveness of the machine in performing integrated fertilization, sowing, ridging, full-film covering, and seed row soil covering. Compared to traditional methods, this machine significantly reduces labor intensity for farmers and enhances the economic value of potato planting.
Comparative Effects of No-dig and Conventional Cultivation with Vermicompost Fertilization on Earthworm Community Parameters and Soil Physicochemical Condition
Authors: Mazur-Pączka Anna , Butt Kevin R. , Garczyńska Mariola , Jaromin Marcin , Hajduk Edmund , Kostecka Joanna , Pączka Grzegorz
Published: June 2024

Because of the numerous ecosystem services provided by soil, such as elemental cycling, food production, and water filtration and storage, this resource requires special protection to maintain total efficiency of these services. However, standard agricultural practices can have a degrading effect, not only on the physical and chemical properties of soil, but may also threaten soil invertebrate communities. Soil macrofauna, and earthworms in particular, play a critical role in soil ecosystems because their activities affect the availability of nutrients for plants, shape soil structure, and significantly impact organic matter dynamics. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of two systems used in plant cultivation (no-dig and conventional digging). Both used vermicompost as an organic fertilizer and looked at selected characteristics of Lumbricidae groupings and the dynamics of selected soil physicochemical properties. This study was conducted over three years in the same area to ensure that the soil characteristics were the same. The NDG (no-dig) and DG (conventional digging) sites were prepared as appropriate with a perennial hay meadow (MW) used as a control site. An electrical extraction (octet) method was used to collect earthworms. The same six species of earthworm were found at each site: Dendrodrilus rubidus (Sav.), Lumbricus rubellus (Hoff.), Aporrectodea caliginosa (Sav.), Aporrectodea rosea (Sav.), Octolasion lacteum (Örley), and Lumbricus terrestris (L.). Earthworm abundance and biomass were found to be significantly higher at the NDG site compared to DG (NDG > DG; abundance by 24% (p < 0.05), biomass by 22% (p < 0.05)). No significant differences between NDG and MW were shown. Moisture, temperature, and soil organic carbon content likely influenced the abundance and biomass of Lumbricidae. The NDG site showed significantly higher organic carbon and moisture content and significantly lower temperatures than the DG site. The average number of earthworms damaged by digging was 0.85 ind. m−2, but did not significantly affect the other results. Overall, NDG is preferable to DG for enhancing the earthworm and physicochemical parameters of soil.
The Physiological Mechanism of Low-Temperature Tolerance Following the UV-B Radiation of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver
Authors: Zhang Ying , Tian Xuchen , Zhou Wenling , Tang Zhonghua , Yang Jing , Zhang Ye , Tang Xiaoqing , Li Dewen , Liu Ying
Published: June 2024

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver with rich active components, such as flavonoids, lignans, polysaccharides, is used as a medicinal plant. Unfortunately, its popularization and cultivation are limited due to its low-temperature sensitivity. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of different doses of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (UV-1, UV-2, and UV-3) and low-temperature (LT) stress, both applied individually and in combination, on the photosynthetic properties, biochemical parameters, and the contents of salicylic acid in E. ulmoides plants. The results showed that UV-B radiation alone significantly reduced photosynthetic performance and soluble total sugar content, as well as causing increases in soluble protein, proline, and superoxide anion content and antioxidant activity including SOD, POD, CAT, total phenol, and total flavonoid content. The leaf thickness and photosynthetic parameters significantly increased, as well as a significant decrease in SOD activity and soluble sugar, proline, and superoxide anion content after 14 days of none-UV-B radiation exposure. UV-B combined with LT significantly improved photosynthetic properties, Chl content, and soluble sugar content but significantly decreased proline content. Principal component analysis showed that salicylic acid was the key factor in improving LT tolerance, and UV-2 radiation showed the best LT resistance. We aim to provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the directional cultivation and LT stress tolerance research of E. ulmoides. Our findings demonstrate that the combined effect was more positively helpful in improving the ability to resist LT tolerance via the improvement of photosynthetic ability and the increase in soluble sugar and salicylic acid content in E. ulmoides.
Long-Term Organic Cultivation in Greenhouses Enhances Vegetable Yield and Soil Carbon Accumulation through the Promotion of Soil Aggregation
Authors: Tong Lihong , Liu Yingjun , Lan Tian , Liu Xiayan , Zhang Lechuan , Ergu Adu , Wen Yajie , Liu Xiang
Published: June 2024

The long-term use of fertilizers and pesticides in conventional cultivation has resulted in a decrease in soil productivity and vegetable yields in greenhouses. However, there is little research exploring the changes in soil organic carbon and the microbial community mediated by soil aggregates, or their impacts on soil productivity. This study investigated the properties of soil aggregates, including the levels of organic carbon fractions, microbial community, and enzyme activity with the three aggregate classes: microaggregates (<0.25 mm), small macroaggregates (2–0.25 mm) and large macroaggregates (>2 mm) under conventional cultivation (CC), integrated cultivation (IC), and organic cultivation (OC) in greenhouses. The results showed that (1) OC and IC promoted the formation of small macroaggregates and enhanced aggregate stability compared to CC; (2) SOC in the three size fractions of OC increased by 92.06–98.99% compared to CC; EOC increased by 98.47–117.59%; POC increased by 138.59–208.70%; MBC increased by 104.71–230.61%; and DOC increased by 21.93–40.90%, respectively; (3) organic cultivation significantly increased enzyme activity in all three particle-size aggregates and increased the relative abundance of bacteria in microaggregates as well as the relative abundance of fungi in small macroaggregates. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis revealed that organic farming practices fostered the development of smaller macroaggregates, elevated microbial and enzyme activities within soil aggregates, and facilitated the conversion of soil nutrients and carbon sequestration. Therefore, long-term organic cultivation increases soil carbon content and vegetable yield in greenhouses by increasing the proportion of small aggregates. In conclusion, long-term organic cultivation in greenhouses improves soil structure, increase soil fertility and vegetable yield, and has a positive impact on the environment. Organic cultivation increases soil fertility and contributes to maintaining ecological balance and protecting the environment in greenhouses.
The Performance of Agronomic and Quality Traits of Quinoa under Different Altitudes in Northwest of China
Authors: Cui Hongliang , Yao Qing , Xing Bao , Zhou Bangwei , Shah Syed Sadaqat , Qin Peiyou
Published: June 2024

Quinoa is a resilient crop known for its adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. This study examined the agronomic performance and ecological adaptability of quinoa across four distinct altitudes in the northwestern regions of China. Six quinoa genotypes were assessed for agronomic traits, phenology and yield performances, and nutritional quality characteristics in Yining city, Nilka County, Tekes County and Zhaosu County under varied environmental conditions. Our findings demonstrate significant variations in all measured traits, including agronomic and nutritional quality traits, across the various altitudes and genotypes. In Yining city, a warmer and lower altitude area, genotypes exhibit superior traits for fodder production, including increased branches, longer panicles, robust stems, and high seed protein content. Genotypes Jinli 1 and Beijing 2 achieve yields exceeding 3 tons per hectare (t/ha), highlighting the region’s productivity. The Nilka and Tekes counties boasted the shortest quinoa crop cycles, with Jinli 1 yielding 4.05 t/ha seeds in Tekes County, exhibiting high protein and fat content alongside low saponins, making it a prime location for yield production. Zhaosu County, with its cooler climate and fertile chernozem soil, elicited high 1000 seed weight and more robust protein response than Nilka and Tekes counties, illustrating the impact of soil fertility on nutritional composition. Correlation analyses further elucidated that the plants characterized by shorter flowering times, crop cycles, compact inflorescence, and taller heights exhibited superior seed yields. Our study contributes significant insights into the ecological adaptability and nutritional dynamics of quinoa, with implications for sustainable crop production and food security in diverse agroecosystems.
Genetic and Genomic Pathways to Improved Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yields: A Review
Authors: Chachar Zaid , Fan Lina , Chachar Sadaruddin , Ahmed Nazir , Narejo Mehar-un-Nisa , Ahmed Naseer , Lai Ruiqiang , Qi Yongwen
Published: June 2024

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a fundamental crop essential for both human and animal consumption. Addressing the challenge of enhancing wheat yield involves sophisticated applications of molecular genetics and genomic techniques. This review synthesizes current research identifying and characterizing pivotal genes that impact traits such as grain size, number, and weight, critical factors influencing overall yield. Key genes including TaSPL17, ABP7, TaGNI, TaCKX6, TaGS5, TaDA1, WAPO1, TaRht1, TaTGW-7A, TaGW2, TaGS5-3A, TaSus2-2A, TaSus2-2B, TaSus1-7A, and TaSus1-7B are examined for their roles in these traits. The review also explores genes responsive to environmental changes, which are increasingly significant under current climate variability. Multi-trait regulatory genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that contribute to these traits are discussed, highlighting their dual influences on grain size and yield. Furthermore, the paper underscores the utility of emerging technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9, Case13, and multi-omics approaches. These innovations are instrumental for future discoveries and are poised to revolutionize wheat breeding by enabling precise genetic enhancements. Facing unprecedented challenges from climate change, the identification and utilization of these candidates is crucial. This review aims to be a comprehensive resource for researchers, providing an integrative understanding of complex traits in wheat and proposing new avenues for research and crop improvement strategies.
The Effect of Foliar Application with Naphthalene Acetic Acid and Potassium Nitrate on the Growth, Sex Ratio, and Productivity of Cucumbers (Cucumis sativas L.) under High Temperatures in Semi-Arid Areas
Authors: Alotaibi Mashael M. , El Nagy Mohamed M. M. , Almuziny Makhdora , Alsubeie Moodi S. , Abo-Zeid Amero A. I. , Alzuaibr Fahad Mohammed , Alasmari Abdulrahman , Albalawi Bedur Faleh , Abd-Elwahed Ahmed H. M. , Ismail Khadiga Ahmed , Awad-Allah Mamdouh M. A.
Published: June 2024

High temperatures in late spring, summer, and autumn are one of the main elements limiting cucumber production. Heat stress in cucumber plants leads to significant changes in sex expression and negative effects at the physiological stage, including decreased absorption of water and nutrients, decreased photosynthetic functions, and increased respiration, which in turn affects growth and production. Therefore, it is very difficult for cucumber plants exposed to heat stress to improve their productivity, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Cucumber plants bear a variety of flower forms, including staminate, pistillate, and hermaphrodites that occur in different arrangements. In addition, maleness is considered the main problem in cucumber production, as it significantly reduces fruit yield. Recently, the growth, flowering, and productivity of plants have been controlled with the help of growth-regulating substances, and one of these substances is naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), which is of great importance in modifying sex in cucumber and various cucurbit crops. Two experiments were conducted during 2022 and 2023 during the summer season to study the effect of foliar spraying of two levels of potassium nitrate, 500 mg/L and 1000 mg/L, and two levels of NAA, 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L, individually and together, and the comparison treatment in nine treatments on growth traits, sex ratio, fruit traits and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativas L.) plants in three replicates in a completely randomized block design. The results indicated that applying the treatment containing 1000 mg/L KNO3 + 100 mg/L NAA led to obtaining the highest value in most vegetable growth, flowering, and production parameters, with a significant increase compared to the control and all other treatments. Followed by treatments consisting of potassium nitrate and NAA, which gave high values in the traits of sex ratio %, fruit setting %, fruit yield, and most other traits. This study showed the importance of spraying with both NAA and potassium nitrate, individually or in combination, and the high combined effect of both in the treatments that contained each of them in the vegetative growth traits and floral traits such as the number of female flowers, the sexual ratio, fruit set percentage, weight fruit, length fruit, and the fruit yield in cucumber plants grown in the summer season with high temperatures
TNFα Induces DNA and Histone Hypomethylation and Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Partly via Excessive Superoxide Formation
Authors: Crosswhite Patrick , Sun Zhongjie
Published: June 2024

Objective: The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is upregulated during the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension. A hallmark of pulmonary arterial (PA) remodeling is the excessive proliferation of PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether TNF-α induces PASMC proliferation and explore the potential mechanisms. Methods: PASMCs were isolated from 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with 0, 20, or 200 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 or 48 h. After treatment, cell number, superoxide production, histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and histone methylation were assessed. Results: TNF-α treatment increased NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide production, and cell numbers compared to untreated controls. TNF-α-induced PASMC proliferation was rescued by a superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol. TNF-α treatment did not affect histone acetylation at either dose but did significantly decrease DNA methylation. DNA methyltransferase 1 activity was unchanged by TNF-α treatment. Further investigation using QRT-RT-PCR revealed that GADD45-α, a potential mediator of DNA demethylation, was increased after TNF-α treatment. RNAi inhibition of GADD45-α alone increased DNA methylation. TNF-α impaired the epigenetic mechanism leading to DNA hypomethylation, which can be abolished by a superoxide scavenger tempol. TNF-α treatment also decreased H3-K4 methylation. TNF-α-induced PASMC proliferation may involve the H3-K4 demethylase enzyme, lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). Conclusions: TNF-α-induced PASMC proliferation may be partly associated with excessive superoxide formation and histone and DNA methylation.
Protein Oxidative Modifications in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Advances in Detection and Modelling to Their Use as Disease Biomarkers
Authors: Anjo Sandra I. , He Zhicheng , Hussain Zohaib , Farooq Aruba , McIntyre Alan , Laughton Charles A. , Carvalho Andreia Neves , Finelli Mattéa J.
Published: June 2024

Oxidation–reduction post-translational modifications (redox-PTMs) are chemical alterations to amino acids of proteins. Redox-PTMs participate in the regulation of protein conformation, localization and function, acting as signalling effectors that impact many essential biochemical processes in the cells. Crucially, the dysregulation of redox-PTMs of proteins has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. This review aims to highlight the current gaps in knowledge in the field of redox-PTMs biology and to explore new methodological advances in proteomics and computational modelling that will pave the way for a better understanding of the role and therapeutic potential of redox-PTMs of proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize the main types of redox-PTMs of proteins while providing examples of their occurrence in neurodegenerative diseases and an overview of the state-of-the-art methods used for their detection. We explore the potential of novel computational modelling approaches as essential tools to obtain insights into the precise role of redox-PTMs in regulating protein structure and function. We also discuss the complex crosstalk between various PTMs that occur in living cells. Finally, we argue that redox-PTMs of proteins could be used in the future as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
Arctigenin from Fructus arctii Exhibits Antiaging Effects via Autophagy Induction, Antioxidative Stress, and Increase in Telomerase Activity in Yeast
Authors: Chen Siqi , Li Yajing , Wu Enchan , Li Qing , Xiang Lan , Qi Jianhua
Published: June 2024

Aging is often accompanied by irreversible decline in body function, which causes a large number of age-related diseases and brings a huge economic burden to society and families. Many traditional Chinese medicines have been known to extend lifespan, but it has still been a challenge to isolate a single active molecule from them and verify the mechanism of anti-aging action. Drugs that inhibit senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) are called “senomorphics”. In this study, arctigenin (ATG), a senomorphic, was screened from the Chinese medicine Fructus arctii using K6001 yeast replicative lifespan. Autophagy, oxidative stress, and telomerase activity are key mechanisms related to aging. We found that ATG may act through multiple mechanisms to become an effective anti-aging molecule. In exploring the effect of ATG on autophagy, it was clearly observed that ATG significantly enhanced autophagy in yeast. We further verified that ATG can enhance autophagy by targeting protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), leading to an increased lifespan. Meanwhile, we evaluated the antioxidant capacity of ATG and found that ATG increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, thereby reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels to improve the survival of yeast under oxidative stress. In addition, ATG was able to increase telomerase activity by enhancing the expression of EST1, EST2, and EST3 genes in yeast. In conclusion, ATG exerts anti-aging effects through induction of autophagy, antioxidative stress, and enhancement of telomerase activity in yeast, which is recognized as a potential molecule with promising anti-aging effects, deserving in-depth research in the future.
Filtering Efficiency and Design Properties of Medical- and Non-Medical-Grade Face Masks: A Multiscale Modeling Approach
Authors: Rasekh Manoochehr , Pisapia Francesca , Hafizi Sassan , Rees David
Published: June 2024

Approved medical face masks have been shown to prevent the spread of respiratory droplets associated with coronavirus transmission in specific settings. The primary goal of this study was to develop a new strategy to assess the filtering and transmissibility properties of medical- and non-medical-grade face masks. In this study, we designed and assessed the filtering efficiency of particles through six different masks with a diverse set of fabrics, textures (woven and non-woven), fiber diameters, and porosity. The filtering and transmissibility properties of face mask layers individually and in combination have been assessed using mathematical analyses and new experimental data. The latter provided velocity profiles and filtration efficiencies for which the data were shown to be predictable. The filtration efficacy and pressure drop across each fabric have been tested using an aerosol particle spray and scanning electron microscopy. To assess clinical significance, the temperature and humidity of the masks were tested on a group of healthy volunteers spanning various age ranges (9–79 years old), utilizing an embedded temperature sensor disc. Also, a mask filter model was developed using fluid dynamic simulations (Solidworks Flow) to evaluate the aerodynamic dispersion of respiratory droplets. Overall, the FFP2 and FFP3 masks demonstrated the highest filtration efficiencies, each exceeding 90%, a feature of multi-layered masks that is consistent with simulations demonstrating higher filtering efficiencies for small particles (<5 µm). The velocity and temperature simulations of all six masks revealed a low air velocity (~1 m/s) inside the mask and a temperature variation of approximately 3 °C during the breathing cycle.
Analytical Evaluation of Laser Cleaning Effectiveness in the Context of Contemporary Muralism
Authors: Zhang Yezi , Zenucchini Francesca , Ricci Chiara , Croveri Paola , Scalarone Dominique
Published: June 2024

Contemporary murals and street art play a critical role in urban culture, serving as platforms for social activism and reflecting the vibrancy of city life. This study within the SuperStaAr project framework examines the challenge of graffiti removal while safeguarding the original synthetic paint layers. Through a detailed investigation using Q-Switch and Long Q-Switch lasers (Nd:YAG), we evaluate the effectiveness and safety of laser cleaning techniques on both unaged and artificially aged mural mock-ups. The initial findings highlight the Q-Switch and Long Q-Switch lasers as promising for removing graffiti without compromising the paint integrity. Our assessment criteria—encompassing residue presence, surface roughness, color changes, cleaning effectiveness, and pigment pickup—were validated through empirical evaluation and supported by colorimetric, micro–ATR–FTIR, and Py–GC/MS analyses. Notably, the incorporation of a passive sampling system for Py–GC/MS analysis facilitates a deeper understanding of the ablated materials without direct sampling from the artwork. This research contributes a foundational framework for the evaluation of laser cleaning in mural conservation, emphasizing the importance of tailored strategies to enhance the sustainability of urban art conservation efforts.
Stability of Running Stride Biomechanical Parameters during Half-Marathon Race
Authors: Olaya-Cuartero Javier , Pueo Basilio , Villalon-Gasch Lamberto , Jimenez-Olmedo Jose M.
Published: June 2024

This study explores the stability of biomechanical parameters of the running stride of male trained athletes during a half-marathon competition. Using a field-based descriptive design, eight male athletes from a local training group were monitored throughout an official half-marathon race under identical conditions, assessing biomechanical parameters including ground contact time (GCT), leg spring stiffness (LSS), vertical oscillation (VO), and stride length (SL) recorded via the Stryd Summit Power Meter. A repeated measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA) was conducted to detect significant changes in biomechanical parameters as the race progressed. Results demonstrated minimal changes in all parameters, with no significant differences observed for GCT (F = 0.96, p = 0.38), VO (F = 0.23, p = 0.87), and SL (F = 1.07, p = 0.35), and a small (η2 = 0.004) yet statistically significant difference in LSS (F = 5.52, p = 0.03) between the first and second segments, indicating that athletes were able to maintain stable biomechanical parameters throughout the race. The conclusion highlights the need for personalized training programs tailored to the unique biomechanical adaptations and demands of endurance running.
Period-1 Motions and Bifurcations of a 3D Brushless DC Motor System with Voltage Disturbance
Authors: Chen Bin , Xu Yeyin , Jiao Yinghou , Chen Zhaobo
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic system of a brushless DC motor with voltage disturbance is studied analytically via a generalized harmonic balance method. A truncated Fourier series with time-varying coefficients is utilized to represent the analytical variations of nonlinear currents and voltages within this dynamic system. Bifurcations of periodic currents and voltages are obtained, and their stability is discussed through eigenvalue analysis. The frequency–amplitude characteristics of periodic currents and voltages exhibit complexity in the frequency domain. Comparative illustrations are provided to contrast the analytical solutions with numerical outcomes for periodic currents and voltages. These analytical findings can be effectively employed for controlling the brushless DC motors experiencing voltage disturbances.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Model, Data, and User-Centric Approaches for Chat Application: A Case Study of BlenderBot 2.0
Authors: Park Chanjun , Lee Jungseob , Son Suhyune , Park Kinam , Jang Jungsun , Lim Heuiseok
Published: June 2024

BlenderBot 2.0 represents a significant advancement in open-domain chatbots by incorporating real-time information and retaining user information across multiple sessions through an internet search module. Despite its innovations, there are still areas for improvement. This paper examines BlenderBot 2.0’s limitations and errors from three perspectives: model, data, and user interaction. From the data perspective, we highlight the challenges associated with the crowdsourcing process, including unclear guidelines for workers, insufficient measures for filtering hate speech, and the lack of a robust process for verifying the accuracy of internet-sourced information. From the user perspective, we identify nine types of limitations and conduct a thorough investigation into their causes. For each perspective, we propose practical methods for improvement and discuss potential directions for future research. Additionally, we extend our analysis to include perspectives in the era of large language models (LLMs), further broadening our understanding of the challenges and opportunities present in current AI technologies. This multifaceted analysis not only sheds light on BlenderBot 2.0’s current limitations but also charts a path forward for the development of more sophisticated and reliable open-domain chatbots within the broader context of LLM advancements.
Effects of Digital Citizenship and Digital Transformation Enablers on Innovativeness and Problem-Solving Capabilities
Authors: Slavković Marko , Pavlović Katarina , Depalov Vesna Rašković , Vučenović Tamara , Bugarčić Marijana
Published: June 2024

Doing business in the age of information abundance indicates the importance of developing information management skills, enabling the individuals to be more productive but also more flexible to changes. In literature, innovation, as a driver of a firm’s performance, has been highlighted, while problem-solving capabilities are considered one of the key assumptions for the implementation of digital transformation strategy. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of digital citizenship and digital transformation enablers on innovation and problem-solving capabilities. The data collection procedure commenced by selecting a random sample of private companies from various industries A survey was carried out, and a total sample of 247 valid questionnaires were collected. The PLS-SEM method was used to test the relationships in the proposed model. The study found that some elements of digital citizenship are positively associated with digital transformation enablers. The results of the study confirmed that technology-based digital transformation enablers positively contribute to innovation and problem-solving capabilities. Also, technological facets of digital transformation enablers realize a mediating role in the relationship between digital citizenship and innovation, as well as with problem-solving capabilities.
Point Cloud Registration Algorithm Based on Adaptive Neighborhood Eigenvalue Loading Ratio
Authors: Liao Zhongping , Peng Tao , Tang Ruiqi , Hao Zhiguo
Published: June 2024

Traditional iterative closest point (ICP) registration algorithms are sensitive to initial positions and easily fall into the trap of locally optimal solutions. To address this problem, a point cloud registration algorithm is put forward in this study based on adaptive neighborhood eigenvalue loading ratios. In the algorithm, the resolution of the point cloud is first calculated and used as an adaptive basis to determine the raster widths and radii of spherical neighborhoods in the raster filtering; then, the adaptive raster filtering is implemented to the point cloud for denoising, while the eigenvalue loading ratios of point neighborhoods are calculated to extract and match the contour feature points; subsequently, sample consensus initial alignment (SAC-IA) is used to carry out coarse registration; and finally, a fine registration is delivered with KD-tree-accelerated ICP. The experimental results of this study demonstrate that the feature points extracted with this method are highly representative while consuming only 35.6% of the time consumed by other feature point extraction algorithms. Additionally, in noisy and low-overlap scenarios, the registration error of this method can be controlled at a level of 0.1 mm, with the registration speed improved by 56% on average over that of other algorithms. Taken together, the method in this study cannot only ensure strong robustness in registration but can also deliver high registration accuracy and efficiency.
Protecting Data at Risk of Unintentional Electromagnetic Emanation: TEMPEST Profiling
Authors: Antić Vladimir , Protić Danijela , Stanković Miomir , Prodanović Radomir , Manić Miodrag , Ostojić Gordana , Stankovski Stevan , Kučević Denis
Published: June 2024

Unintentional electromagnetic (EM) emissions often include information about the data processed by electronic devices. Intrusion based on an unintentional EM emission leaves no evidence of an attacker’s activity, while the data owner is unaware that it has been lost. EM attacks can be performed without physically damaging a device that operates regularly. The most typical intrusion activities involve sensitive data exfiltration using various methods that do not require the physical connection of devices to the computer network or communication channels. This research examines EM emissions from computer monitors, wireless keyboards and mice, printers, scanners, conductors, piezoelectric sensors (PES), and radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. The telecommunication electronics material protected from emanating spurious transmissions (TEMPEST) profiling as a performance engineering of the EM footprint is discussed. This study also presents different TEMPEST standards and highlights their importance concerning unintentional EM radiation.
Validity and Reliability of a Smartphone App for Vertical Jump Height Assessment Using the Marker Displacement Time Method
Authors: Murawa Michał , Krakowiak Waldemar , Kabaciński Jarosław
Published: June 2024

The correct assessment of the vertical jump height depends on an accurate and reliable measurement tool. This study aimed to determine the concurrent validity and reliability of the My Jump 2 app used for estimating the maximum height (MH) of the counter-movement jump (CMJ). Twenty-one male adults participated in this study. The MH of the CMJ was estimated based on the displacement of the jumper’s center of mass (force platform), the displacement time of the reflective marker placed on the jumper’s sacrum (smartphone, My Jump 2-DT) and the flight time of the jumper (smartphone, My Jump 2-FT). The assessment of the concurrent validity showed a poor agreement (ICC = 0.362; Bland–Altman bias = 12.4 cm) between the My Jump 2-FT and force platform (p < 0.001), and a good agreement (ICC = 0.858; Bland–Altman bias = −0.2 cm) between the My Jump 2-DT and force platform (p < 0.001). The ICC values for internal consistency (>0.9) indicated the excellent reliability of all measurement tools (p < 0.001). The findings revealed the high accuracy and good reliability of the My Jump 2 app for the new method of MH estimation for the CMJ, including the displacement time of the marker placed on the jumper’s sacrum.
The Industrial Fermentation Process and Clostridium Species Used to Produce Biobutanol
Authors: Jones David T.
Published: June 2024

The fermentation route for producing biobutanol from renewable plant biomass was used extensively during the last century. The key factors affecting performance in the standard batch industrial fermentation process are highlighted. Four species of Clostridium were utilized for the industrial production of solvents, and although they share many features in common, they also exhibit significant differences. The salient features of the existing industrial species and strains are reviewed. These include their suitability for the type of process and fermentation substrate used. The strains are also assessed with respect to their potential for future applications.
Dialogues between Past and Present? Modern Art, Contemporary Art Practice, and Ancient Egypt in the Museum
Authors: Stevenson Alice
Published: June 2024

Whenever twentieth-century modern art or new contemporary artworks are included amongst displays of ancient Egypt, press statements often assert that such juxtapositions are ‘surprising’, ‘innovative’, and ‘fresh’, celebrating the external perspective they bring to such collections. But contemporary art’s relationship with museums and other disciplines needs to be understood in a longer-term perspective. Pairings of twentieth- and twenty-first-century artistic works with objects of antiquity is an activity that has been undertaken for more than a century in what has been a relatively long period of mutually reinforcing influences between modern/contemporary art, museum display, the art market, and Egyptian heritage. Together, they have decontextualised ancient Egyptian culture and shaped the language and perspectives of scholars, curators, and artists. In this paper, rather than considering how artists have been inspired by ancient Egypt, I will give a few examples of how more recent art practices from the late nineteenth century onwards have impacted the language and discourse of Egyptology and its museum representation. Then, using more recent artist engagements with the British Museum, I argue for greater interdisciplinary dialogues between artists and Egyptologists, as both take more critical stances towards research that recontextualises the power and agency of collections, representation, and knowledge production.
A New Source and Large Quantity of Resveratrol in Cratoxylum Species and Their Activities on Normal Human and Cancer Cells
Authors: Kaewdaungdee Sanit , Banlue Tankun , Youngsanbhu Napatsakon , Naeklang Mallika , Lee Shiou Yih , Ang Arnold , Sudmoon Runglawan , Tanee Tawatchai , Daduang Sakda , Chaveerach Arunrat
Published: June 2024

Cratoxylum formosum ssp. formosum (Cff), C. formosum ssp. pruniflorum (Cfp), and C. sumatranum (Cs) were investigated for phytochemical analysis. Toxicity testing, programmed cell death, and cell cycle arrest were tested on CHL-1, HCT-116, and HepG2 cancer cell lines, and human normal PBMCs. The results are revealed in the following order. The phytochemical percentages varied in each species, the quantity and concentration of α-amyrin and resveratrol were 0.038 mg/g and 0.955 mg/mL, and 0.064 mg/g and 0.640 mg/mL. The most studied Cratoxylum extracts showed IC50 values in PBMCs and cancer cell lines except for the hexane Cff and ethanol Cfp extracts. All studied extracts did not induce DNA breaks in PBMCs but caused significant DNA breaks in the cancer cell lines. All studied extracts induced both apoptosis and necrosis in cancer cell lines, and the DNA quantity in the S and G2-M phases decreased significantly but did not induce apoptosis and necrosis in PBMCs. Except for the ethanolic extracts of Cff and Cfp that induced PBMCs apoptosis and necrosis, these data confirmed that the three studied Cratoxylum samples have inhibiting properties for the growth of cancer cells and low toxicity to PBMCs. Cs showed more toxicity to cancer cell lines than Cf and cisplatin.