bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substrate Effect on the Diamond-Like Carbon Films Synthesized by RF Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Tzeng S.S. , Wu Wei Min , Hsu J.S.
Published: March 2009

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were synthesized by RF plasma enhanced chemical
vapor deposition using methane as carbon source. Effect of substrate on the growth of DLC films
was investigated by using four different substrate materials, silicon wafer (100), glass, flat-polished
and mirror-polished alumina. The carbon films were deposited at four different self-bias voltages
(-157 V, -403 V, -500 V and -590 V) by changing the plasma power under fixed flow rate and
working pressure. Raman analyses indicated that DLC films were deposited on silicon and glass
substrates at the self-bias -403 V ~ -590 V, and polymer-like carbon films were obtained at -157 V.
For the alumina substrates, different Raman results were observed for flat-polished and
mirror-polished alumina substrates. The hardness of DLC films, deposited on silicon and glass
substrates at the self-bias -403 V ~ -590 V, was within 16~20 GPa using nanoindentation technique.
Constitutive Analysis of the High-Temperature Deformation Behavior of Single Phase α-Ti and α+β Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Kim Jeoung Han , Yeom Jong Taek , Park Nho Kwang , Lee Chong Soo
Published: March 2009

The high-temperature deformation behavior of the single-phase α (Ti-7.0Al-1.5V) and α +
β (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy were determined and compared within the framework of self-consistent scheme
at various temperature ranges. For this purpose, isothermal hot compression tests were conducted at
temperatures between 650°C ~ 950°C to determine the effect of α/β phase volume fraction on
average flow stress under hot-working condition. The flow behavior of α phase was estimated from
the compression test results of single-phase α alloy whose chemical composition is close to that of α
phase of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. On the other hand, the flow stress of β phase in Ti-6Al-4V was predicted
by using self-consistent method. The flow stress of α phase was higher than that of β phase above
750°C, while the β phase revealed higher flow stress than α phase at 650°C. Also, at temperature
above 750°C, the predicted strain rate of β phase was higher than that of α phase. It was found that the
relative strength between α and β phase significantly varied with temperature.
In-Situ SEM/EBSP Analysis during Annealing in a Pure Aluminum Foil for Capacitor
Authors: Kobayashi Masakazu , Takayama Yoshimasa , Kato Hajime , Toda Hiroyuki
Published: March 2009

In-situ SEM/EBSP analysis has been performed during the evolution of the cube texture
in a pure aluminum foil. In general, foils for capacitor are manufactured in an industrial process of
casting, homogenizing, hot rolling, cold rolling (CR), partial annealing (PA), additional rolling (AR)
and final annealing (FA). The foil samples after CR or AR in the process were analyzed by the
SEM/EBSP technique at a constant temperature which was step-heated repeatedly by 10-20K from a
room temperature to 623K or 598K. In a CRed sample, cube ({001}<100>) grains begin to grow
preferentially at 503K to cover the sample. On the other hand, in a sample subjected to PA at 503K
and AR, cube grains coarsened rapidly and preferentially at more than 533K in contrast to other
oriented small grains remaining their sizes. Further, intragranular misorientation analysis revealed
that the misorientation, which corresponds to dislocation density or strain, was much smaller in cube
grains than in S ({123}<634>) and Cu ({112}<111>) ones.
Microstructure of Friction-Stir-Welded High-Nitrogen Stainless Steel
Authors: Park S.H.C. , Sato Yutaka S. , Kokawa Hiroyuki , Okamoto Kazutaka , Hirano Satoshi , Inagaki Masahisa
Published: March 2009

Friction stir welding (FSW) was applied to a 0.53% nitrogen stainless steel. The nitrogen content
change and the microstructural evolution in the weld were investigated. The nitrogen content analysis
revealed that the stir zone (SZ) showed roughly the same nitrogen content as the base material (BM). This
result suggests that FSW is an effective welding process for keeping up nitrogen content of high-nitrogen
steel weld. The microstructural observation showed that the weld had the BM, the SZ, the partially
recrystallized zone (PRZ) and the heat affected zone (HAZ). The coarse grain structure of the BM changed to
relatively fine microstructure of equiaxially recrystallized austenite grain structure in the SZ during FSW. The
PRZ contained both the fine and coarse grain structures. The detailed TEM observations showed that the
particles with about 11m in size were present in the advancing side of the SZ both along grain boundaries and
grain interiors. The Cr nitride less than 100 nm was formed in the HAZ along grain boundaries, which
indicates that a slight sensitization occurred in the HAZ during FSW.
Surface Treatment of Aluminum Alloy with Laser Irradition to Increase Wear Resistance
Authors: Enomoto Masatoshi , Kokubo Sadao , Nakata Kazuhiro
Published: March 2009

Laser irradiating process with Nd-YAG laser is investigated in order to improve the
adhesion and wear resistance of low pressure plasma sprayed layer on the surface of aluminum
extruded shape using the atomized powder of Al-50mass%Fe, Al-15mass%Fe-17mass%Si and
Al-50mass%Si. The effect of pulse energy of laser beam on the microstructure, micro hardness
and wearing rate of these laser irradiated layers are evaluated. Laser irradiated layers have
appeared more smooth surface and better adhesion than as sprayed layer. Depth profile of micro
hardness where laser irradiated is respectively kept constant. In the microstructure of laser
irradiated layer of Al-50mass %Fe, fine needle-like Al3Fe and massive Al2Fe are dispersed. Micro
hardness increases with decrease of the pulse energy of laser beam However, the wearing rate of
laser irradiated layer increases due to the initiation of cracking. In the microstructure of laser
irradiated layer of Al-15mass%Fe-17mass%Si, ultra fine needle-like and massive (Al, Fe, Si)
ternary crystals are aggregated. In the microstructure of laser irradiated layer of Al-50mass%Si,
ultra fine hyper-eutectic structure is observed. Micro hardness of these layers are HV250-350,
HV150-200, respectively and wearing rate of these layer are 1/7 or less than anodized surface.
Development of Al/Cu Dissimilar Brazing Joint Controlled Form of Intermetallic Compound
Authors: Shinozaki K. , Koyama K.
Published: March 2009

Brazing of Al to Cu using Al-Si-Mg-Bi brazing alloy has been carried out in a vacuum
furnace. In the brazed interlayer, there were two kinds of intermetallic compounds. One of these
intermetallic compounds was θ phase and the other was δ(Cu3Al2). Tensile strength of the joint was
only about 15MPa. Deformation behavior of Al/Cu brazing joint was brittle without deformation of
the base metal. The specimen was fractured in the intermetallic compound which was mainly θ
phase. In order to improve the tensile strength of Al/Cu dissimilar joint, Cu cladding Ag (thickness:
0.1mm) substituted for Cu. As the result, tensile strength of the joint was about 70MPa and the
specimen was fractured in an Al base metal. In this joint, plate-like intermetallic compound, δ
(Ag2Al) was formed in the brazed interlayer. The shape of δ(Ag2Al) was quite different from θ
phase found in Al/Cu joint. It was considered that the shape of reaction layer remarkably affected
to the strength of the Al/Ag-Cu clad dissimilar joint.
Microsegregation Effect of Copper in Solidification of A356 Alloy
Authors: Cho Jae Ik , Yan Xin , Kang Chang Seog , Oh Ik Hyun , Lee Jae Seol , Son Hyeon Taek , Bae Jung Chan
Published: March 2009

In this study, the microsegregation effect of copper during solidification of A356.2
aluminum casting alloy was evaluated by using solidification simulation and a series of
experimental works. Electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) and the computational simulation
revealed clearly that copper as a solute element segregates during solidification and it becomes
more significant as the solidification approaches its completion. This microsegregation effect of
copper is due to accumulated copper solute ahead of the eutectic interface during solidification.
Consequently, the presence of a higher content of copper in A356.2 aluminum casting alloy causes
influence on the solidification characteristics of the alloy and forms copper enriched phases at the
last region to solidify in the microstructures.
The Influence of 0.1% Sc Addition on the Microstructure and Texture Development in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr Alloys
Authors: Chung Dong Seok , Jea C.W. , Park No Jin , Kim J.K.
Published: March 2009

In this study, the microstructure and the texture development in Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr alloys
with/without 0.1%Sc has been investigated after extrusion, cold rolling, and aging treatment. After
aging treatment, in Al alloy without Sc recrystallized equiaxed grains are obtained, while in Al alloy
with Sc fine grains with an average size of 0.1~0.3 μm are obtained. After cold rolling, in case of the
sample from the cross section (CS) to which Sc was added, texture with {112}<111>(Cu) + weak
{123}<634>(S) component was developed while in case of the sample from longitudinal section (LS)
to which Sc was added, texture with strong β-fiber + {110}<001>(Goss) components was developed.
In case of CS and LS without Sc, texture of β-fiber was developed. After solid solution treatment and
aging treatment, Al alloys (LS and CS) with Sc had rolling texture while Al alloys without Sc had
random texture. The role of these differently developed textures in the plastic behavior, such as the
normal anisotropy r-value (the plastic strain ratio) and planar anisotropy r-values are discussed.
Effect of Mn Addition on the Mechanical Properties in Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag-Zr Alloys
Authors: Chung Dong Seok , Jea C.W. , Yoon Jae Hong , Kim J.K.
Published: March 2009

The mechanical properties of Al–5%Cu–1.3%Li–0.4%Mg–0.4%Ag–1.16%Zr alloys
without Mn and with 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.2% Mn have been investigated after the aging at the
temperatures of 90, 150, 180, and 230 oC. With Mn addition the alloys show a good work-hardening
property, and the elongation of alloys increases. With the 0.6% Mn the best elongation can be
obtained. The strength of alloys with 0.3% or 1.2% Mn is lower than that of the alloy without Mn,
whereas the strength of alloy with 0.6% Mn is almost same as that of the alloy without Mn. In the
alloy with 0.6% Mn aged at 180 oC for 12 hours the optimum properties – combination of tensile
strength and elongation, 620 MPa and over 12 %, respectively – are obtained. These favorable effects
by a proper Mn addition are considered to come mainly from the Mn-dispersoid to prevent strain
localization normally associated with the shearable precipitates.
Carbon, Nitrogen and Hydrogen in Steel: Similarities and Differences in their Effect on Structure and Properties
Authors: Gavriljuk Valentin
Published: March 2009

Interstitials N, C and H in steels are compared in terms of their effect on the electronic
structure and stacking fault energy, atomic distribution, phase transformations and precipitation,
mobility of dislocations, mechanisms of deformation, strengthening and fracture. It is shown that
the observed similarities and differences are essentially controlled by the decrease of the electron
state density at the Fermi level of the iron due to carbon and its increase due to nitrogen and
hydrogen. The increase in the concentration of vacancies with increasing content of interstitials and
its possible role in mechanical properties are considered. The nature of nitrogen- and hydrogenincreased
localized plasticity of austenitic steels is discussed and some consequences for their
fracture are analyzed.
Developments of Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology at NRC's Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation
Authors: Ghosh Dave , Wu Shao Hong
Published: March 2009

National Research Council (NRC) as the premier research and development organization
within the government of Canada has the mandate of providing vital scientific and technological
services to research and industrial communities. The NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation (IFCI)
is leading NRC’s National Fuel Cell Program and is working closely with academic, government,
and industrial organizations to support fuel cell cluster in Vancouver and across Canada and to
fulfill the innovation needs of Canadian fuel cell companies. The key programs at IFCI include:
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), Hydrogen
generation and infrastructure, and technology demonstration. NRC-IFCI’s impact on the fuel cell
industry can be seen through the development and transfer of targeted and collaborative research
projects addressing strategic and current technical gaps and providing infrastructure for research,
development and demonstration. IFCI has been a catalyst in the coordination of industry’s
responses to current commercialization barriers. This paper presents the latest research and
development activities as well as demonstrations at NRC-IFCI.
Internal Friction and Young's Modulus of 9Al2O3 2B2O3 Whisker Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite
Authors: Kang Chang Seog , Oh Ik Hyun , Cho Jae Ik , Lee Jae Seol , Yun Cheol Ho , Son Hyeon Taek , Cha H.L. , Bae Jung Chan
Published: March 2009

Anelastic behavior of a 9Al2O3·2B2O3 (AlBw) whisker reinforced aluminum composite
has been examined through the measurements of the dynamic Young’s modulus and internal
friction over a temperature range of 25 to 500°C at frequencies of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 Hz. A standard
servo-hydraulic mechanical testing machine equipped with an infrared lamp heater was employed,
but the dynamic measurement system therein was especially designed by assembling a scanning
laser extensometer and a frequency response analyzer for detecting the amplitude and phase lag of
strain in response to a sinusoidal time-varying stress.
Two peaks of internal friction were observed over the ranges 100 to 250°C (LT peak) and 250 to
400°C (HT peak), together with marked decreases in the dynamic Young's modulus in the same
temperature ranges. From a quantitative analysis of the experimental data, it is concluded that the
HT peak phenomenon is due to grain-boundary relaxation, whereas the LT peak phenomenon is
ascribable to the relaxation caused by stress-directed interfacial diffusion of Al atoms along the
whisker-matrix interface.
Correction of Ghost in Reduced ODF with Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Tang Jian Guo , Zhang Xin Ming , Deng Yun Lai , Zhou Zhuo Ping
Published: March 2009

The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced into ghost correction,
which is also compared with the NMS algorithm. With linear regression correlation factor as
evaluation parameter, it is found that both algorithms have the same quality for model ODF, but when
it comes to complicated textures, the PSO algorithm shows high ODF fitting quality. It is also
demonstrates that the ghost peaks in the reduced ODF can be excluded out in the true ODF from PSO
components with both even and odd terms in the series expansion method.
Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Creep and Corrosion Resistance of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr(-Ca) Alloys
Authors: He Shang Ming , Zeng Xiao Qin , Peng Li Ming , Guo Xin Wu , Chang Jian Wei , Ding Wen Jiang
Published: March 2009

The microstructure, mechanical properties, creep and corrosion resistance of
Mg-Gd-Y-Zr(-Ca) alloys were studied. Small additions of 0.4-0.6 wt% Ca to
Mg-(9-10)Gd-3Y-0.4Zr(wt.%) alloys led to a slight improvement in creep resistance and a
remarkable increase in corrosion resistance, but an obvious decrease in elongation to fracture. UTS
and TYS of the Mg-Gd-Y-Zr(-Ca) alloys are obviously higher than those of WE54, especially in the
temperature range from room temperature to 200 oC. TEM images and corresponding energy
dispersive x-ray spectra showed that the Ca element primarily segregated to the grain boundaries and
existed in the cuboid-shaped particles with a trace concentration, and the small addition of Ca had no
obvious effect on the orientation, morphology, and distribution of β′ phase, which is responsible for
the peak hardness in Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys.
The Effects of Thermo-Mechanical Treatment on the Properties of 2519 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Lin Gao Yong , Zhang Zhen Feng , Lin Qi Quan , Peng Da Shu
Published: March 2009

A procedure of thermo-mechanical treatment (TMT) was carried out to 2519 aluminum
alloy to improve its properties. The influences of cold deformation ratio, ageing temperature and
ageing time of the TMT on the mechanical properties and electrochemical corrosion resistance of this
alloy were investigated. The results show that after TMT the tensile strength of 2519 aluminum alloy
can be improved obviously but its electrochemical corrosion resistance decreases slightly. The
optimum processing parameters of the TMT for 2519 aluminum alloy can be described as: solid
solution at 530°Cfor 0.5h, then cold deform with a ratio of 15% followed by aging at 150°C for
10h.
Microstructural Evolvement of Al-1.5Si-1.1Mg-0.5Cu Alloy Ingot during Homogenization Treatment
Authors: Tian Ni , Zhao Gang , Liu Chun Ming , Zuo Liang
Published: March 2009

The kinds, morphologies and distributions, enclosed the micro-structural evolvement of
Al-1.5Si-1.1Mg-0.5Cu alloy during homogenization treatment were investigated by means of optical
microscopy, XRD, SEM/EDS and TEM/EDS. The results show that there were mainly three kinds of
morphologically distinct constituents in as-cast Al-1.5Si-1.1Mg-0.5Cu alloy for automotive panels,
such as coarse Mg2Si and Al8(FeMn)2Si, and multiphase eutectic structure consisted of AlMgSiFeCu
elements, except the α-Al matrix phase. The coarse Mg2Si and Al8(FeMn)2Si were distributed in the
α-Al interdentritic regions or at grain boundaries, the former sometimes appears more obvious
eutectic characteristics than the later one. The multiphase eutectic products distributed both inside
grains with agglomerate aspects and along the α-Al interdentritic regions or at grain boundaries,
which is contained with Si and Al2Cu. Coarse binary eutectic structure Mg2Si partly dissolved into
matrix and the eutectic characteristics disappeared, whereas Al8(FeMn)2Si changed a little during
homogenization. Agglomerate multi-eutectic structures were non-equilibrium products, some of
them fully dissolved into matrix and the others partially dissolved and left the discrete blocky Si
behind after homogenization.
Performance of Electromagnetic Purification System in Continuous Twin Roll Casting of Aluminum Sheet
Authors: Shu Da , Wang Jun , Sun Bao De
Published: March 2009

Metallurgical quality of roll casting sheet is crucial to ensure the performance of aluminum
foil. An electromagnetic purification system was installed in a twin roll casting line in order to
improve the molten metal cleanliness. Metallographic analysis shows that inclusion particles larger
than 10 μm can be eliminated from molten aluminum by electromagnetic purification and a total
inclusion removal efficiency of 75% is achieved additional to the filtration by a ceramic foam filter.
The electromagnetic purification system operated reliably and consistently during the casting
campaign.
Microstructure Inhomogeneities in 2519A Aluminum Plate Penetrated by an Incendiary Projectile
Authors: Gao Hui , Zhang Xin Ming , Li Hui Zhong , Liu Ying
Published: March 2009

2519A aluminum plate was shot obliquely by an incendiary projectile with the diameter of
7.62mm at impact velocity of 818m/s. The penetration inhomogeneities of the crater of 2519A
aluminum target plate were investigated with optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). Melted substance, a mixture of the target material and the projectile was found at
the interface of target and projectile. Different microstructural characteristics were observed along
the crater depth. Grains were elongated near the entrance area, while severely kinked grains and
adiabatic shear bands were present in the middle region, and microbands, as well as abnormal grown
grains, appeared at the crater bottom. The failure form of target is mainly ductile expanding.
Microstructure Simulation of Die Casting AZ91D Alloy
Authors: Liu Z.Y. , Xu Qing Yan , Liu Bai Cheng
Published: March 2009

Physical and mathematical models of microstructure evolution during the solidification
process of die casting AZ91D alloy were investigated in this paper. Coupled with solute
concentration, a modified three-dimensional cellular automaton (CA) model was proposed.
Considering the solute enrichment and the formation of eutectic microstructure, these models can
reproduce the whole microstructure evolution process of Mg alloy, from the formation of primary
phase to the eutectic transformation. The microstructure of the AZ91D alloy cylinder head cover die
casting was simulated with the proposed models. The simulated results are in agreement with the
experimental.
Effect of Pre-Rolling Reduction on Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Alloy 2519A
Authors: Liu Y. , Zhang Xin Ming , Liu B. , Li Hui Zhong , Gao Hui
Published: March 2009

The effect of pre-rolling reduction prior to ageing on the size and distribution of the
precipitates, the width of precipitation free zones (PFZ) along grain boundaries and intergranular
corrosion (IGC) of aluminum alloy 2519A were investigated by hardness tests, scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental results showed
that the time for peak-age shortened when the reduction increased, which resulted in refining the
precipitatates and distributing homogeneously within the grains and hence the IGC decreased. With
increasing pre-rolling reduction, the PFZ along grain boundaries became narrower and precipitates
changed from continuous chains to discrete distribution, which resulted in high IGC resistance.
Corrosion Behavior Improvements of High Active Aluminum Alloy Anode in Alkaline Solution by Adding Inhibitors
Authors: Liang Shu Quan , Zhang Yong , Tang Yan , Li Shao Qiang , Tan Xiao Pin
Published: March 2009

The Na2SnO3 and H-N-R inhibitors effects on the high active aluminum alloy in alkaline
solution (805mol/LNaOH) have been systematically studied by hydrogen collection and
electrochemical measurement in the present investigation. The results showed that the hydrogen
evolution rate was low at the value of 0.404 mL/ (min·cm2) in alkaline solution with 0.01mol/L
Na2SnO3, but the electrode potential was only -1.515Vvs.SCE and it moved to the positive
direction seriously; When adding 10wtH-N-R and 0.01mol/LNa2SnO3 into the alkaline solution
simultaneously, the aluminum alloy anode had a lower hydrogen evolution rate of 0.342mL/ (min·cm2)
and a more negative electrode potential of -1.591Vvs.SCE. The electrochemical performance of
aluminum alloy anode has been improved greatly by the cooperation of H-N-R and Na2SnO3.
Interface Energy Calculation of γ-γ′ in Ni-Al System Using the Cluster Variation Method
Authors: Wang Jin Cheng , Osawa M. , Yokokawa Tadaharu , Harada Hiroshi , Enomoto Masato
Published: March 2009

A calculation of the interface energy for the Ni-Al binary alloy, including the inter-phase
boundary (IPB) energy and the anti-phase boundary (APB) energy, has been performed using the
Cluster Variation Method (CVM) with the tetrahedron approximation within the temperature range of
600°C~1300°C. The calculated IPB energies range between 8 and 13 mJ/m2, while the APB energies
range between 24 and 46 mJ/m2. Additionally, the dependence of the average composition and the
order parameter on distance with the compositionally diffuse interfacial regions has been computed.
The calculation also shows the width of the diffuse IPB increases with the temperature linearly.
Effect of Ozone Treatment on the Interfacial Properties of High Modulus Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Zhao Xiao Jin , Qin Wei , Wang Ben Li
Published: March 2009

High modulus carbon/epoxy composites have been attached more and more importance
in the aeronautic field. Because chemical inert of high modulus carbon fiber surface and its poor
impregnation for resin, it is essential to improve its polarity in order to enhance the interfacial
performances of high modulus carbon/epoxy composites. In this paper, high modulus carbon fiber
was treated by ozone oxidation method to modify its surfacial properties. AFM and SEM were used
to observe the surface of the carbon fiber, as well as interlaminar shear strength of high modulus
carbon fiber/epoxy composite was tested. The impregnation and the interfacial performances of the
high modulus carbon/epoxy composites were studied. The results show that after ozone treatment, the
surface impregnation of high modulus carbon fiber and the interlaminar shear strength property of
high modulus carbon/epoxy composites can be improved obviously.
Distortion Simulation of Unsymmetrical Composite Laminates Using the Finite Element Analysis Method
Authors: Li Min , Zhang Bao Yan , Chen Xiang Bao
Published: March 2009

Unsymmetric composite laminates were benefit to reducing the structure weight of some
aircrafts. However, the cured unsymmetric laminates showed distortion at room temperature.
Therefore, predicting the deformation before using the unsymmetrical composite is very important. In
this study an attempt was made to predict the shapes of some unsymmetric cross-ply laminates using
the finite element analysis (FEA). The bilinear shell-element was adopted in the process. Then the
simulation results were compared with the experimental data. The studies we had performed showed
that the theoretical calculation agreed well with the experimental results, the predicted shapes were
similar to the real laminates, and the difference between the calculated maximum deflections and the
experimental data were less than 5%. Hence the FEA method was suitable for predicting the warpage
of unsymmetric laminates. The error analysis showed that the simulation results were very sensitive to
the lamina thickness, 2
α and (T.
Tactile Display Based on Controllable Fluid Actuator
Authors: Liu Yan Ju , Wu Xiao Rong , Leng Jin Song , Davidson R.I. , Taylor P.M.
Published: March 2009

This work is the first step to develop a programmable tactile array based on ER/MR fluid
technology. Prototypes of display incorporating controllable fluids such as electrrheological (ER)
fluid or magnetorheological (MR) fluid have been developed and investigated. Surface force
responses of these tactile displays under various electric/magnetic fields have been measured while a
probe moving across the upper surface. As the applied external electric or magnetic field varied, the
sensed surface profiles changed in synchronisation with the field strength. With the controllable fluid
actuator, the displayed surface information is stable and repeatable.
Tensile and Compressive Creep Behavior of Coarse-Grained Mg-Al-Sr Castings
Authors: Zhao Peng , Wang Qu Dong , Zhai Chun Quan , Ding Wen Jiang
Published: March 2009

Tensile and compressive creep properties of Mg-5wt.%Al-1wt.%Sr alloy produced by
gravity casting were investigated in this paper. Creep tests were carried out in the temperature range
from 125 °C to 200 °C and stress range from 35 to 85MPa. The second creep rate in tension is
significant different from that in compression, indicating that coarse-grained Mg-Al-Sr alloy exhibits
tension/compression asymmetric behavior. Moreover, the activation energies and stress exponent in
tension and compression are not the same, which suggest that creep mechanisms in tension and
compression are different.
Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviors of Ti2AlNb with Double Glow Plasma Surface Chromized
Authors: Liang Wen Ping , Xu Zhong , Miao Qiang , Liu Xiao Ping , He Zhi Yong
Published: March 2009

Ti2AlNb orthorhombic alloy is a promising high temperature structural material for
aero-industries due to its advantageous properties. However, insufficient wear-resistance is a major
drawback that has restricted the actual uses of this alloy in many circumstances. A treatment of
double glow plasma surface chromizing on Ti2AlNb alloy has been carried out as an attempt to
resolve this problem. This paper mainly investigated the electrochemical corrosion behaviors of this
alloy after chromizing. The microstructure of the chromized layer was analyzed by X-ray diffraction
(XRD). The sectional morphology of chromized layer was surveyed through scanning electronic
microscopy (SEM).The polarization curves of specimens in three corrosive media, 5% H2SO4, 5%
HCl and 3.5% NaCl, were measured. The eroded surface morphologies were also surveyed by SEM.
The results indicate that surface chromizing treatment slightly decrease the alloy’s corrosion
resistance, but still exhibit good performance.
Effects of EB-PVD Process TGO Formation and Growth within Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: He Li Min
Published: March 2009

It has been found that under oxygen partial pressure of ~2×10-6 kPa, the high-temperature
oxidation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) occurred during an electron beam physical vapor
deposition (EB-PVD) process for producing the TBCs top ceramic coating. In the present
investigation, two modified bond coats (BCs) of NiCrAlY with Si addition, and NiCrAlY with Co
and Hf additions, were developed by Arc Ion-plating technique to study the effects of the EB-PVD
process on thermally grown oxide (TGO) formation and growth. The isothermal and cyclic
oxidation tests were conducted and the cross-sectional morphologies of the specimens were
examined to compare the high-temperature oxidation behaviors of the two TBCs. It was found
that a mixed oxide layer have been developed in the as-deposited TBCs with a NiCrAlYSi BC.
The mixed oxide layer mainly included Cr2O3, NiO, Al2O3 and their spinel. With the mixed oxide
layer, TBCs with the NiCrAlYSi BC showed a superior high-temperature resistance on later
high-temperature exposure to TBCs with NiCoCrAlYHf BC, where no mixed oxide layer was
observed. The pre-formed mixed oxide layer apparently shortened the time to fully develop a
protective α-Al2O3 layer and therefore restrained the TGO growth in TBCs.
Numerical Analysis of EB-PVD Thermal Barrier Coatings under Thermal-Mechanical Coupled Environment
Authors: Peng Hui , Guo Hong Bo , Zhang Chun Xia , Gong Sheng Kai
Published: March 2009

Numerical method was used to simulate the stress state of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs)
under thermal-mechanical coupled environment. The finite element (FE) model was built as hollow
tube and boundary conditions including heating rate, cooling air convection and mechanical loadings
were considered. The maximum stress locates where maximum temperature gradients is formed. This
failure mode is consistent with the experimental results.
Study on Interfacial Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Plasma-Sprayed Tungsten Coatings
Authors: Song Shu Xiang , Zhou Zhang Jian , Du Juan , Ge Chang Chun
Published: March 2009

Tungsten has the highest melting point among all metal, which makes it withstand thermal
shock and erosion in high temperature environments. In this study, Tungsten coatings were sprayed
onto the oxygen-free copper substrates by plasma spraying using inert gases protection. XRD, SEM
and EDS were used to identify the phases, morphologies and compositions of the coatings. Vickers
micro-hardness and bonding strength of the tungsten coatings were also measured. The results
revealed that the hardness distribution of the tungsten coatings was different along the thickness
direction. The tungsten coating without any interlayer showed higher bonding strength than that of the
other two coatings with NiCrAl and W/Cu interlayers, respectively.
Tiny Crystals Surviving above the Melting Temperature and Acting as Growth Nuclei of the High-Tc Superconductor Microstructure
Authors: Tournier Robert F.
Published: March 2009

Magnetic field texturing of superconducting oxides has shown the possible existence of
intrinsic solid nuclei surviving above the melting temperature Tm and governing the solidification.
Tiny crystals could survive above Tm and act as growth nuclei with undercooling ratios θ= (T-Tm)/Tm
larger than the theoretical value −2/3 if a negative supplementary volume energy −ε v is added in the
Gibbs free energy change associated to the formation of a critical cluster. A double layer of opposite
charges could create the solid-liquid interface electrostatic -εv. The observed maximum values θ1 and
the dimensionless surface energies α1ls calculated for 38 elements assuming that their melts
homogeneous, used to determine εv(θ). The εv values at T=Tm were equal to 21.7% of the fusion
heat per volume unit. The quantity α2ls
3× Sm was nearly the same for all elements, α2ls being the
dimensionless surface energy and Sm the fusion entropy. After melting these tiny crystals around
Tm2=1.20Tm, all the undercooling ratios could tend to -2/3. The bidimensional texture of Bi2212,
Bi2223 tapes can be induced by these nuclei during crystal growth when the prereacted compounds in
the sheath are melted and annealed at a weak overheating temperature smaller than a critical value.
Effects of Al-Sr Master Alloys on the As-Cast Microstructure of the AZ31 Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Cheng Ren Ju , Tang Aitao , Yang Ming Bo , Pan Fu Sheng
Published: March 2009

The influence of Al-10.5%Sr master alloy, which is much cheaper than Mg-Sr master
alloys, on the as-cast microstructure of the AZ31 alloy was investigated. The research results revealed
that the Al-10.5%Sr master alloy produced obvious modification of the as-cast microstructure of the
AZ31 alloy, and the modification efficiency increased with the holding time from 0min to 60min and
the amount of Sr from 0.01% to 0.1%. Moreover, the results also showed that the Al-10.5%Sr master
alloys of different states had different modification efficiency on the as-cast microstructure of the
AZ31 alloy. The Al-10.5%Sr master alloys in extrusion deformation state and rapid solidification
state had better modification efficiency than the Al-10.5%Sr master alloys received and in heat
treatment state, which could be related to the microstructure of the Al-10.5%Sr master alloys with
different states.
New Cu-Ni Substrate for Coated Conductors
Authors: Yu Ze Ming , Zhou Lian , Odier Philippe , Zhang Ping Xiang
Published: March 2009

A new approach of Cu-Ni substrate is reported, where the cubic textured Cu tape was
fabricated by thermal-mechanical process, then a Ni layer was electro-deposited on the cubic textured
Cu substrate. This approach is also suitable for fabricating long cubic textured metallic substrate for
coated conductors. The formation of substrate texture and its thermal stability were investigated by
XRD. After electro-depositing Ni layer, the sample has sharper cubic texture with ω = 5.2o and φ =
7.1o, and samples’ texture becames even better (ω = 5 o and φ = 5.2o) after annealing at 950°C for
30min.
MgB2 Superconducting Films Fabricated on Copper Substrate by Hybrid Physical-Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Li Fen , Guo Tao , Zhang Kai Cheng , Chen Chin Ping , Feng Qing Rong
Published: March 2009

The thick MgB2 films have been successfully grown on the Cu substrate by the technique
of hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD). The films are about 2 ~ 3 μm and quite
dense. They possess the Tc (onset), as high as 37-38 K, and sharp transition ~ 0.8 K. X-ray
diffraction (XRD) indicates their polycrystalline character. The upper critical field at T=0K, HC2(0),
is extrapolated as 15.3T. The controlled growth of MgB2 film on Cu substrate opens a new route in
the preparation of MgB2 tape materials.
Transverse Compressive Stress Effects on the Critical Current of Bi-2223 Tapes
Authors: Li Cheng Shan , Mossang Eric , Bellin B. , Sulpice Andre , Antonevici A. , Zhang Ping Xiang
Published: March 2009

Bi-2223 tapes are usually subjected to tensile strain, bending strain and compressive stress
in the process of fabrication and applications. In this study, we have measured the critical current of
Bi-2223 tapes as a function of transverse compressive stress. The effects of the cross section size and
processing defects on the stress characteristics of AgMn-alloy sheathed Bi-2223 tapes are compared.
The experimental results showed that the onset transverse compressive stress for degradation of Ic was
lower in the thinner tape with a thin Ag sheath due to the stress concentration on the irregular
interface. The bubbled tapes were more sensitive to the transverse stress compared to the nonbubbled
tapes.
A New HTS/PMG Maglev Design Using Halbach Array
Authors: Deng Zi Gang , Zheng Jun , Song Hong Hai , Wang Su Yu , Wang Jia Su
Published: March 2009

For the high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic levitation (Maglev) test vehicle
in china, the present NdFeB PMG has the symmetrical magnetic field distribution on the upper and
lower surface. However, the vehicle only utilizes its upper magnetic field. 50% PMG magnetic field
energy goes to waste, so the onboard HTSC arrays haven’t reached the best levitation performance. In
order to make the HTS/PMG maglev system more efficient and reasonable, a new HTS/PMG Maglev
design has been proposed based on the present PMG and the Halbach array PMG, whose PMG is
called as hybrid PMG. Firstly, three magnetic field distributions of three kinds of PMG are compared
using FEM. It is found that the magnetic field distribution of the hybrid PMG is more efficient for the
HTSC’s maglev. The concentrating upper surface magnetic field is stronger to improve the load
capability of the system. Numerical analysis and experiment are close for the present HTS/PMG
system. More calculation shows that the bulk YBaCuO HTSC with the hybrid PMG has significantly
better levitation performance than that with the other two PMGs. The usage of the onboard HTSC
arrays is improved much and the load capability of the HTS/PMG Maglev vehicle is upgraded with
the hybrid PMG.
Ground and Excited States of the Two and Three Dimensional Bipolaron in a Quantum Dot
Authors: Ruan Yong Hong , Pan Guo Wei , Chen Qing Hu
Published: March 2009

We apply the Lee-Low-Pines-Huybrechts variational method to study the properties of the
two and three dimensional bipolaron in a quantum dot. The ground-state (GS) and two types of
excited-state energies of the Fröhlich bipolaron for the whole range of electron-phonon coupling
constants can be obtained. Compared with the Franck-Condon excited state, the first relaxed excited
state has a lower energy. Effects of quantum dot confinement on the excitation energies of the
bipolaron are given.
Deposition of MgB2 Thin Films on Nb Substrates Using an In Situ Annealing PLD Method
Authors: Zhao Yue , Wu Yi Sun , Dou S.X. , Tajima T. , Romanenko O.S.
Published: March 2009

MgB2 thin films have been coated on Nb substrates without any buffer layers. An in situ
pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method was used to prepare the coating. The interface between films
and substrates has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface impedance
has been measured for the MgB2 films on Nb substrates. The results were discussed with regard to the
potential large scale applications in superconducting RF cavities.
MgB2 Films on Nb Substrate and its Bending Test
Authors: Yao Dan , Zhuang Cheng Gang , Li Fen , Feng Qing Rong , Wang Fu Ren
Published: March 2009

Poly-crystalline MgB2 films have been grown on niobium substrate by using the hybrid
physical-chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) with a thickness about 1.0 μm, which have good
transport performance with Tc(0) ranged from 38.5 K to 38.9 K, ,T about 0.1-0.2 K. Films are
composed of regular plate-shape hexagonal MgB2 crystallites and have lattice constants
approaching the bulk values. For this sample, the bending test has been also performed, and it can
be found that the film adhered on the substrate firmly after bending to 120º.
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Porous Ti51Ni(49-x)Mox Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Jiang Hai Chang , Rong Li Jian
Published: March 2009

Porous Ti51Ni(49-x)Mox (x=0, 0.7, 1.0, 1.2) shape memory alloys were successfully
fabricated by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method. The effect of Mo
content on microstructures, transformation characteristics and compressive properties of porous
TiNiMo alloys was investigated systemically. It has been found that Mo doping into porous TiNi
alloys will induce R phase transformation. A small amount of Mo addition (0.7at.%) improves
compressive properties of porous TiNiMo alloy due to Mo solution strengthening and the obvious
ductile fracture is observed on the fracture photography. However, the compressive strength and
compressive strain of porous TiNiMo alloys with excessive Mo content decrease sharply and the
failure manner turned into brittle fracture mode, which results from a large amount of Ti2Ni and
Ti4Ni2O phases precipitated at grain boundary. Porous Ti51Ni48.3Mo0.7 alloy with suitable
transformation temperature and high compressive strength is very promising for use as biomaterial
and damping material.
Structure, Magnetization and Magnetostriction of Sm(Zn1-xTx) (T=Fe, Co) Alloys
Authors: Wang Bo Wen , Cao S.Y. , Huang W.M. , Weng L. , Sun Y.
Published: March 2009

The structure, magnetization and magnetostriction of Sm(Zn1-xTx) (T=Fe, Co)
polycrystalline alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer and
standard strain gauge techniques. It is found that annealed SmZn1-xFex alloys show a single
Sm(Zn,Fe) phase with the CsCl-type cubic structure when x≤0.2. SmZn1-xCox alloys are a single
Sm(Zn,Co) phase when x≤0.15 and the Sm-rich phase appears when x>0.15. The Curie temperature
for SmZn1-xFex alloys increases with increasing Fe content in the range of 0≤x≤0.2 and that of
SmZn1-xCox alloys slowly does in the same composition range. When Fe is substituted for Zn in
SmZn compound, the magnetization and magnetostriction increase with increasing the Fe content
when x≤0.2 and when x≤0.1, respectively. The magnetostriction of Sm(Zn1-xCox) alloys increases
with increasing the Co content under the magnetic field of 320 kA/m in the range of 0< x≤0.1.
Crystallographic Texture of MgO and its Effect on the Growth of BaTiO3 Thin Films by RF Sputtering
Authors: Qiao Liang , Bi Xiao Fang
Published: March 2009

In this work, MgO thin films were prepared by rf magnetron sputtering technique on two
different substrates of Si (100) wafers and amorphous glasses. The influence of different deposition
conditions such as substrate temperature, Ar pressure, film thicknesses on the crystal structure of
MgO thin films were studied. BaTiO3 ferroelectric thin films were subsequently deposited on the
MgO films. The XRD results showed that the orientation of MgO films was dependent greatly on the
substrate temperature. A highly (100) oriented MgO thin films were obtained at the temperature of
800°C. The crystallographic texture has been deteriorated rapidly as the argon pressure decreased to
1.0 Pa. It has been also found that the film thickness has a great influence on the film orientation. High
substrate temperature, high argon pressure and a certain thickness appear to be favorable for
formation of a good texture for the MgO films. The structure and microstructure of the BaTiO3 films
were various both with deposition conditions and with the crystallographic texture of the MgO. A
highly (001) oriented ferroelectric BTO film was obtained on the MgO films with an optimized
deposition conditions.
Influence of Carburization on Mechanical Behaviors of NiTiCu Alloy under Dynamic Impact Loading
Authors: Xu Ren Bo , Cui Li Shan , Zheng Yan Jun
Published: March 2009

The mechanical behaviors of bare and carburized NiTiCu specimens under dynamic
impact loading were investigated using a home-built impact testing system. The contact force was
measured with piezoelectric force sensor and digital signal processing system in real time during
impact process. Predicted instantaneous velocity and displacement formula were presented. The
results show that the maximum deformation depth of carburized specimens was less than that of bare
specimens, and the carburization process can increase absorbed energy and cushion effect to impact
of specimens during impact process. The decrease of deformation depth and increase of absorbed
energy can reduce the contact force and materials damage of specimens during impact process.
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Li-Zn Alloys as Processed by ECAE
Authors: Lee Jye , Wang Jian Yih , Lee Chin Shuang , Lee Shyong
Published: March 2009

Magnesium alloys and very light metals that can be used for structural application. A
variety of Mg-Li-Zn alloys including Mg-11%Li-1%Zn, Mg-9%Li-1%Zn,
Mg-9%Li-1%Zn-0.2%Mn, Mg-9%Li-1%Zn-1%Al-0.2%Mn and Mg-9%Li-3%Al-1%Zn-0.2%Mn
were processed by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) to see how effective is this process in
refining the grain structure. After 4 passes of the ECAE process, TEM studied the microstructural
diversifications, especially showing the existence of compounds, MgLiZn, MgZn2 and ZnO. The
room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties were also investigated. After the
ECAE process, the room temperature strength was found enhanced at a modest cost of reduction in
elongation.
Density and Mechanical Strength of Ferrite for Inertial Gyroscope
Authors: Yu Zhong , Lan Zhong Wen , Sun Ke , Chen Yu
Published: March 2009

The effects of NiO on density and mechanic strength of Mn-Zn ferrite used for inertial
gyroscope were investigated by measurements of crystal lattice constant, Vickers hardness, bending
strength. To investigate this further, powder of Mn-Zn ferrite was characterized by x-ray diffraction
(XRD) and the fracture surface of Mn-Zn ferrite was checked by scanning electronic microscope
(SEM). The investigation revealed that the substitution of Ni2+ modified crystal lattice constant and
crystal grain size so that it caused crystal lattice constant of Mn-Zn ferrite to decline and crystal grain
size to decrease, therefore it was useful to improve density and mechanic strength of Mn-Zn ferrite by
this way. The results show that proper addition of NiO can bring higher density and more perfect
mechanic strength of Mn-Zn ferrite used for inertial gyroscope.
Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of an AZ61 Mg Alloy through Cyclic Extrusion Compression
Authors: Zhang Lu Jun , Wang Qu Dong , Chen Yong Jun , Lin Jin Bao
Published: March 2009

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of an AZ61 Mg alloy processed by
cyclic extrusion compression were investigated. It is shown that CEC process may be applied
successfully to AZ61 Mg alloys, and this leads to excellent grain refinement with grain size of ~0.8μm
after 15 passes at 573K and to significant improvements in yield strength, ductility and hardness of
AZ61 materials with slight compressive strength decreases. Dislocations were induced at initial stage
of CEC process, and with increased deformation, tangled dislocations developed to form dislocation
boundaries and subgrain boundaries, and then evolved into low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and
high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) which was regarded as continuous dynamic recovery and
recrystallization (CDRR).
The Experimental Research on the Formability of Stamping of Magnesium Alloy AZ31B Sheets
Authors: Wang Ling Yun , Lu Zhi Wen , Zhao Ya Zhong
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the basic formability of stamping of magnesium-alloy AZ31B sheet has been
studied through experiments. The stamping formability of magnesium-alloy AZ31B sheet, such as
the conical cup value, bending formability, deep drawing formability, formability of hole expanding,
forming limit has been studied by simulating processing experiments. The formability of stamping
supplies the basic reference data for the stamping processing. It is also found that the formability of
stamping of magnesium-alloy AZ31B sheets is poor at room temperature and is excellent at
intermediate and high temperatures.