bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Plant Growth Regulators for Feathering and Flower Suppression of Apple Nursery Trees
Authors: Lordan Jaume , Robinson Terence L. , Sazo Mario Miranda , Cowgill Win , Black Brent L. , Huffman Leslie , Grigg-McGuffin Kristy , Francescatto Poliana , McArtney Steve
Published: September 2017

The use of highly feathered trees can make high-density apple plantings more profitable through enhanced precocity and increased early yield. Currently, nurseries are asked to provide highly feathered trees with wide branch crotch angles. The use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) can play a key role when it comes to branch induction; however, dose and timing both need to be tested to enhance branching without compromising other tree quality attributes. Over the last 4 years, we have conducted studies of the use of MaxCel® (6-benzyladenine) and Promalin® (a mixture of 1.8% 6-benzyladenine and 1.8% GA4+7) in comparison with Tiberon™ SC (cyclanilide) at several nurseries in NY, WA, DE, Ontario (Canada), and Chile. The best results were obtained with four applications of MaxCel® or Promalin® (400 mg·L−1) beginning when leader growth reached 70 cm above the soil line and reapplied at 10–14 days intervals. Promalin® was a slightly less effective branching agent than MaxCel®. On the other hand, Promalin® stimulated leader growth resulting in improved final tree height, whereas MaxCel® induced the widest branch angles. Overall, we observed good response and quality ratings with ‘Cameo’, ‘Cripps Pink’, ‘Enterprise’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Ambrosia’, ‘Crimson Crisp’, ‘Gingergold’, and ‘Granny Smith’, whereas less quality ratings were observed on ‘Ambrosia’, ‘Cortland’, ‘Goldrush’, ‘Honeycrisp’, and ‘Suncrisp’. Response with ‘Gala’ varied depending on the temperature range. Multiple sprays of Gibberellins (GA4+7, or GA3) at 250 mg·L−1 applied to nursery trees in the late summer inhibited flower bud development and flowering in the orchard the next year. This reduces the risk of fire blight infection in newly planted trees.
Association of Xylella fastidiosa with Yield Loss and Altered Fruit Quality in a Naturally Infected Rabbiteye Blueberry Orchard
Authors: Ferguson Mary Helen , Clark Christopher A. , Smith Barbara J.
Published: September 2017

Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. causes disease in a number of plants in the southeastern United States, including southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum interspecific hybrids), but little was known concerning its potential impact in rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton syn. Vaccinium ashei Reade). In a naturally infected orchard in Louisiana, mean yields of X. fastidiosa–positive plants were 55% and 62% less than those of X. fastidiosa–negative plants in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Average berry weight was also lower in X. fastidiosa–positive plants. Within 3 years of testing positive for X. fastidiosa, four of nine X. fastidiosa–positive plants appeared dead. However, plants that were X. fastidiosa–negative in 2013 remained so until 2015, indicating that the bacterium did not spread rapidly in this established orchard during this time. Other factors, including soil chemistry variables, Phytophthora cinnamomi, ring nematode, and ringspot symptoms, were also investigated to determine if one of these might predispose plants to infection with X. fastidiosa or be partly responsible for observed yield loss. In most cases, interactions were not found, but associations with soil Cu and Zn suggest a need for further research on whether these elements predispose rabbiteye blueberry to X. fastidiosa infection and thereby contribute to yield losses. Researchers, extension workers, and growers should be aware of X. fastidiosa as a potential yield- and survival-impacting factor in rabbiteye blueberry.
Conservation Agriculture for Maize and Bean Production in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Liben F. M. , Hassen S. J. , Weyesa B. T. , Wortmann C. S. , Kim H. K. , Kidane M. S. , Yeda G. G. , Beshir B.
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas

There may be a synergistic effect between the components of conservation agriculture.

Reducing tillage resulted in a yield increase at one location but not another.

Production was more by intercropping compared with rotation of maize and bean.

Conservation agriculture (CA) can be a means to soil improvement and increased crop productivity but had not been evaluated for maize (Zea mays L.)–dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cropping systems in the semiarid Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia (CRV). Therefore, on‐farm (2011–2014) and on‐station (2010–2014) trials were conducted to compare CA with the current smallholder conventional practice (CP) for productivity of maize–bean cropping systems. Maize monoculture (MMC), bean monoculture (BMC), maize–bean rotation (MBR), and maize–bean intercropping (MBI) were compared with and without tillage on‐station. In on‐farm research, MMC under CP (CP_MMC) was compared with cropping systems under CA including MMC (CA_MMC), MBR (CA_MBR), and MBI (CA_MBI). On‐station, CA had late tasseling, silking, and physiological maturity compared to CP. CA_MBR and CA_MBI had 28 and 19% more maize grain yield and 29 and 17% more stover yield compared with CA_MMC, respectively. Bean straw yield and intercrop bean grain yield were 13 and 7% more, respectively, with CA compared with CP. However, in the on‐farm trials, maize grain and stover yield were 23 and 47% less with CA_MBR compared to CA_MMC, possibly due to observed soil crusting and compaction of the sandy clay soil with CA. Soil water at 0‐ to 30‐ and 0‐ to 100‐cm depths were 38 and 28%, respectively, more with MBR compared to MMC at the maize grain‐fill stage. Stored soil water was 21% more with CA compared with CP. We conclude that CA_MBR and CA_MBI are suitable for fine texture soil of the CRV.
Modeling Phosphorus Losses through Surface Runoff and Subsurface Drainage Using ICECREAM
Authors: Qi Hongkai , Qi Zhiming , Zhang T. Q. , Tan C. S. , Sadhukhan Debasis
Published: September 2017

Modeling soil phosphorus (P) losses by surface and subsurface flow pathways is essential in developing successful strategies for P pollution control. We used the ICECREAM model to simultaneously simulate P losses in surface and subsurface flow, as well as to assess effectiveness of field practices in reducing P losses. Monitoring data from a mineral‐P‐fertilized clay loam field in southwestern Ontario, Canada, were used for calibration and validation. After careful adjustment of model parameters, ICECREAM was shown to satisfactorily simulate all major processes of surface and subsurface P losses. When the calibrated model was used to assess tillage and fertilizer management scenarios, results point to a 10% reduction in total P losses by shifting autumn tillage to spring, and a 25.4% reduction in total P losses by injecting fertilizer rather than broadcasting. Although the ICECREAM model was effective in simulating surface and subsurface P losses when thoroughly calibrated, further testing is needed to confirm these results with manure P application. As illustrated here, successful use of simulation models requires careful verification of model routines and comprehensive calibration to ensure that site‐specific processes are accurately represented.

Core Ideas

The ICECREAM model's first trial simulating P losses in both runoff and drainage.

ICECREAM satisfactorily simulated tile drainage and crop P uptake.

The model adequately simulated total P loss and its response to P fertilization.

Exceptional care should be taken in simulating particulate P under high drainage flow.

Spring tillage and fertilizer injection were recommended to reduce P loss.
Measurement of Soil Color: A Comparison Between Smartphone Camera and the Munsell Color Charts
Authors: Fan Zhaosheng , Herrick Jeffrey E. , Saltzman Rick , Matteis Christina , Yudina Anna , Nocella Nicholas , Crawford Edward , Parker Rick , Van Zee Justin
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas

Smartphone cameras can be used to reliably measure soil color.

Soil color measured with smartphone cameras had less subjectivity and uncertainty.

Natural lighting conditions affected the accuracy of the soil color measured with smartphone cameras.

Soil color is one of the most useful soil properties for assessing and monitoring soil health. Here we present results of tests of a new soil color app for mobile phones. Various smartphone cameras (SPCs) were tested under sunny and cloudy conditions and compared with visual estimates using Munsell color charts (MCCs). The measured and estimated soil colors were then compared with the “true” colors determined using a spectrophotometer. The results indicated that soil color determinations based on SPC measurements under both sunny and cloudy conditions were as good as those obtained using the MCCs. The accuracy of the SPC measurements was affected by the natural illumination conditions, with higher accuracy in the sun than where clouds were present. Our results also indicated that the SPC measurements completed in the sun provide higher precision (lower variance) than SPC measurements completed under cloudy conditions or estimates based on MCCs. These results suggest that mobile‐device cameras have great potential to allow non–soil scientists, and others lacking access to color charts, to determine soil color.
Assessment of Haemodynamic Response to Induction of General Anaesthesia in Healthy Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Orthopaedic Surgery by Using a Continuous Non-invasive Cardiovascular Monitoring
Authors: Hua Alina , Balogun-Lynch Joshua , Williams Helen , Loganathan Vinothan , Dob Daryl , Vizcaychipi Marcela P.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Continuous cardiovascular monitoring as part of management of high-risk surgical patients is widely practiced, however the role of continuous monitoring as part of routine management in low-risk surgical patients is unclear. Our aim was to investigate haemodynamic and Bispectral Index (BIS) changes in healthy patients undergoing surgery following induction of anaesthesia with propofol using a continuous non-invasive blood pressure device (LiDCO rapid™). We sought to obtain detailed monitoring of cardiovascular parameters from the pre-induction stage.

Methods:

This prospective, observational single-centre study was conducted at a London teaching hospital between June-November 2014. Patients aged between 18-45 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I-II undergoing elective lower-limb arthroscopic procedures were included. Variables including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and BIS were recorded continuously prior to induction and up to 3-minutes after.

Results:

The following relative haemodynamic changes were noted between baseline and 1-minute post-induction with propofol: CO +15.2%, HR +10.1%, SVR -22.9% and MAP -10.1% (p<0.001 for each parameter). There was a mean change of: HR -10.1%, CO -14% and MAP -18.0%(p<0.001 for each parameter) between baseline and 3-minutes post-induction. Median change of BIS was -61.7% (p<0.001) between baseline and 3-minutes post-induction. Significant, positive correlations were noted between MAP and BIS at 30-seconds (r=0.60, p<0.001) and 1-minute post-induction (r=0.61, p<0.001).

Conclusion:

Our study shows that healthy patients undergoing continuous minimally invasive orthopaedic surgery experience significant haemodynamic and BIS changes following induction of anaesthesia. Our findings highlight the importance of baseline cardiovascular and BIS monitoring as part of routine perioperative management.
Adjustable Horseshoe Headrest as a Positioning Adjunct in Airway Management for a Giant Occipital Encephalocele
Authors: Reazaul Karim Habib Muhammad , Yunus Muhammad , Barman Angkita , Kakati Sonai Datta , Dey Samarjit
Published: September 2017

Background:

Presence of a giant occipital encephalocele poses a challenge for laryngoscopy by hindering optimal positioning. Intubations in different positions, assistance and modification of table surfaces have been reported with different rates of success and complications in such cases.

Method:

We used an adjustable horseshoe headrest as a positioning adjunct in airway management in a few cases during 2015 – 2016. Four babies were positioned with the help of the horseshoe headrest for direct laryngoscopy. These cases were then compared with previously conducted one more case whose trachea was intubated by the child’s head beyond the edge after an unsuccessful attempt in lateral position.

Result:

All four cases positioned with adjustable horseshoe head rest were intubated successfully with mean 2 ± 0.81 attempts with 2.25 ± 0.5 Cormack-Lehane laryngeal view. Significant complications were absent in the cases intubated by placing the head in horseshoe headrest as compared to the case performed in lateral position followed by placing the child’s head beyond the edge of the table with assistants supporting the baby.

Conclusion:

This clinical paper discusses this infrequently reported modification, and also compares it with other positions and modifications commonly used in clinical practice.
Effectiveness of Quality Improvement Strategies for the Management of CKD
Authors: Silver Samuel A. , Bell Chaim M. , Chertow Glenn M. , Shah Prakesh S. , Shojania Kaveh , Wald Ron , Harel Ziv
Published: September 2017

Background and objectives

Quality improvement interventions have enhanced care for other chronic illnesses, but their effectiveness for patients with CKD is unknown. We sought to determine the effects of quality improvement strategies on clinical outcomes in adult patients with nondialysis-requiring CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted a systematic review of randomized trials, searching Medline and the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care database from January of 2003 to April of 2015. Eligible studies evaluated one or more of 11 prespecified quality improvement strategies, and prespecified study outcomes included at least one process of care measure, surrogate outcome, or hard clinical outcome. We used a random effects model to estimate the pooled risk ratio (RR; dichotomous data) or the mean difference (continuous data).

Results

We reviewed 15 patient-level randomized trials (n=3298 patients), and six cluster-randomized trials (n=30,042 patients). Quality improvement strategies reduced dialysis incidence (seven trials; RR, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.74 to 0.97) and LDL cholesterol concentrations (four trials; mean difference, −17.6 mg/dl; 95% CI, −28.7 to −6.5), and increased the likelihood that patients received renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (nine trials; RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.27). We did not observe statistically significant effects on mortality, cardiovascular events, eGFR, glycated hemoglobin, and systolic or diastolic BP.

Conclusions

Quality improvement interventions yielded significant beneficial effects on three elements of CKD care. Estimates of the effectiveness of quality improvement strategies were limited by study number and adherence to quality improvement principles.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2017_09_06_CJASNPodcast_17_10.mp3
Quantum metrology with full and fast quantum control
Authors: Sekatski Pavel , Skotiniotis Michalis , Kołodyński Janek , Dür Wolfgang
Published: September 2017

We establish general limits on how precise a parameter, e.g. frequency or the strength of a magnetic field, can be estimated with the aid of full and fast quantum control. We consider uncorrelated noisy evolutions of N qubits and show that fast control allows to fully restore the Heisenberg scaling (~1/N^2) for all rank-one Pauli noise except dephasing. For all other types of noise the asymptotic quantum enhancement is unavoidably limited to a constant-factor improvement over the standard quantum limit (~1/N) even when allowing for the full power of fast control. The latter holds both in the single-shot and infinitely-many repetitions scenarios. However, even in this case allowing for fast quantum control helps to increase the improvement factor. Furthermore, for frequency estimation with finite resource we show how a parallel scheme utilizing any fixed number of entangled qubits but no fast quantum control can be outperformed by a simple, easily implementable, sequential scheme which only requires entanglement between one sensing and one auxiliary qubit.
A minimalist approach to protein identification
Authors: Sampath G.
Published: September 2017

This work demonstrates a minimal single-molecule proteolysis-free approach that requires very small samples, is non-destructive, and can be translated with currently available technology into a portable device for possible use in the field or in an academic setting, or in a pre-screening step preceding conventional mass spectrometry.
Contradiction Between the Average Age of Retirement at the Time of Death and the Average Pension Time for Men and Women in Public Employment in Portugal
Authors: Nunes Pedro , Miranda Eva
Published: September 2017

The short article attempts to make some very brief reflections on the effects a lack of public policies positively discriminatory in terms of public employment retirement. In particular, the observation of the absurd contradiction between the average age of retirement at the time of death (for men and women) and the average pension time for men and women in public employment in Portugal.
Dayak and Their Daily Life
Authors: Darmadi Hamid
Published: September 2017

This article titled "Dayak and Daily Life" This paper aims to reveal the Dayak and in their daily life. Dayak is a native of Borneo has its own characteristics. Dayak, divided into 405 sub-sub clans [1]. Each sub Dayak both Indonesia and Malaysia are identical. Dayak customs and culture comes from the word "Power" which means upstream, to refer to people who live in inland areas or in the interior of Borneo. In the arsenal of art and culture, Dayak has many similarities such as; saber, chopsticks, beliong, betang, cupai, renjung, empajang and others. Dayak indigenous religion is Kaharingan which is the original religion born of the cultural ancestors of the Dayaks. Most of the Dayak people still adhere to the belief of the existence of unseen objects in certain places such as rocks, large trees, planting gardens in the forest, lakes, pools, and others are believed to have "magical powers". Daily life of the Dayaks in general farming, farming. When will open farming land, farming they held ritual.
Skills vs. Concepts: A Comparison of Practitioners' and Educators' Preferences for Accounting Information Systems Proficiencies
Authors: Winstead Jack L. , Wenger Mitchell R.
Published: September 2017

This study investigates whether AIS instructors' selection of topics adequately prepares graduates for the expectations of employers seeking candidates who can adapt to the pace of technological change. As businesses adopt new technologies, stakeholders of the accounting profession must periodically reassess educational needs in the area of accounting information systems (AIS). Because AIS is a field that encompasses a wide variety of conceptual and skill-based topics, the selection of course topics can result in a “gap” between what academics and CPA firms expect from new accountants. Given the variety of topic areas, do academics and CPAs agree on which ones to emphasize, or what levels of proficiency are appropriate for each topic?

In this study, academics and accountants, primarily in public practice, completed identical surveys regarding desired levels of proficiencies. The results suggest agreement on desired levels of proficiency regarding computer operation and use of accounting software to complete basic tasks and create reports, while suggesting differences of opinion in six other areas (understanding business cycles in an electronic environment, understanding data-sharing technologies, using XBRL, comprehending business needs and how technology could solve problems, understanding e-commerce, and the basics of safeguarding electronic accounting records). Participants concluded by offering observations about the strengths and weaknesses of newly employed accountants.
Integrating Accounting Themes with Enterprise System Experiences: An Accounting Department's Journey
Authors: Vician Chelley , Mortenson Kristian G.
Published: September 2017

This article provides our department's experiences with utilizing enterprise systems as part of teaching accounting concepts in a thoughtful, integrated fashion across the accounting curriculum. We describe how a specific enterprise system (SAP) has been used to design integrated accounting and technology experiences across an accounting curriculum. The description of our curriculum integration design, our integration process, and preliminary outcomes presented in this paper can be useful background to accounting systems educators involved in similar efforts at their institutions.
Registration of ‘Tatanka’ Hard Red Winter Wheat
Authors: Zhang Guorong , Martin Terry J. , Fritz Allan K. , Miller Rebecca , Bai Guihua , Chen Ming-Shun , Bowden Robert L.
Published: September 2017

‘Tatanka’ (Reg. No. CV‐1133, PI 681595) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed at the Agricultural Research Center‐Hays, Kansas State University, and released by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2016. Tatanka was selected from a single cross of KS07HW81/‘T151’ made in 2006 at Hays, KS. The objective of this cross was to develop a hard red or hard white winter wheat cultivar with adaptation to dryland production in western Kansas. Tatanka was developed using a modified bulk breeding method. Tatanka is an F7–derived line with experimental number KS12H56‐6‐4 and was tested in yield trials across Kansas. Tatanka has medium maturity, medium height, above average grain volume weight, and below average protein concentration. In general, it has good milling and baking quality. Tatanka was released because of its high grain yield potential in western Kansas and its resistance to stripe rust and Soil‐borne wheat mosaic virus.
Missed therapeutic and prevention opportunities in women with BRCA‐mutated epithelial ovarian cancer and their families due to low referral rates for genetic counseling and BRCA testing: A review of the literature
Authors: Hoskins Paul J. , Gotlieb Walter H.
Published: September 2017

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE

Fifteen percent of women with epithelial ovarian cancer have inherited mutations in the BRCA breast cancer susceptibility genes. Knowledge of her BRCA status has value both for the woman and for her family. A therapeutic benefit exists for the woman with cancer, because a new family of oral drugs, the poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, has recently been approved, and these drugs have the greatest efficacy in women who carry the mutation. For her family, there is the potential to prevent ovarian cancer in those carrying the mutation by using risk‐reducing surgery. Such surgery significantly reduces the chance of developing this, for the most part, incurable cancer. Despite these potential benefits, referral rates for genetic counseling and subsequent BRCA testing are low, ranging from 10% to 30%, indicating that these therapeutic and prevention opportunities are being missed. The authors have reviewed the relevant available literature. Topics discussed are BRCA and its relation to ovarian cancer, the rates of referral for genetic counseling/BRCA testing, reasons for these low rates, potential strategies to improve on those rates, lack of effectiveness of current screening strategies, the pros and cons of risk‐reducing surgery, other prevention options, and the role and value of PARP inhibitors. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:493‐506. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Sequential Objective Structured Clinical Examination based on item response theory in Iran
Authors: Hejri Sara Mortaz , Jalili Mohammad
Published: September 2017

Purpose: In a sequential objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), all students initially take a short screening OSCE. Examinees who pass are excused from further testing, but an additional OSCE is administered to the remaining examinees. Previous investigations of sequential OSCE were based on classical test theory. We aimed to design and evaluate screening OSCEs based on item response theory (IRT).Methods: We carried out a retrospective observational study. At each station of a 10-station OSCE, the students’ performance was graded on a Likert-type scale. Since the data were polytomous, the difficulty parameters, discrimination parameters, and students’ ability were calculated using a graded response model. To design several screening OSCEs, we identified the 5 most difficult stations and the 5 most discriminative ones. For each test, 5, 4, or 3 stations were selected. Normal and stringent cut-scores were defined for each test. We compared the results of each of the 12 screening OSCEs to the main OSCE and calculated the positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), as well as the exam cost.Results: A total of 253 students (95.1%) passed the main OSCE, while 72.6% to 94.4% of examinees passed the screening tests. The PPV values ranged from 0.98 to 1.00, and the NPV values ranged from 0.18 to 0.59. Two tests effectively predicted the results of the main exam, resulting in financial savings of 34% to 40%. Conclusion: If stations with the highest IRT-based discrimination values and stringent cut-scores are utilized in the screening test, sequential OSCE can be an efficient and convenient way to conduct an OSCE.
Towards Large-Scale Fast Reprogrammable SOA-Based Photonic Integrated Switch Circuits
Authors: Stabile Ripalta
Published: September 2017

Due to the exponentially increasing connectivity and bandwidth demand from the Internet, the most advanced examples of medium-scale fast reconfigurable photonic integrated switch circuits are offered by research carried out for data- and computer-communication applications, where network flexibility at a high speed and high connectivity are provided to suit network demand. Recently we have prototyped optical switching circuits using monolithic integration technology with up to several hundreds of integrated optical components per chip for high connectivity. In this paper, the current status of fast reconfigurable medium-scale indium phosphide (InP) integrated photonic switch matrices based on the use of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) gates is reviewed, focusing on broadband and cross-connecting monolithic implementations, granting a connectivity of up to sixteen input ports, sixteen output ports, and sixty-four channels, respectively. The opportunities for increasing connectivity, enabling nanosecond order reconfigurability, and introducing distributed optical power monitoring at the physical layer are highlighted. Complementary architecture based on resonant switching elements on the same material platform are also discussed for power efficient switching. Performance projections related to the physical layer are presented and strategies for improvements are discussed in view of opening a route towards large-scale power efficient fast reprogrammable photonic integrated switching circuits.
The Mutual Impact of Demand Response Programs and Renewable Energies: A Survey
Authors: Hajibandeh Neda , Ehsan Mehdi , Soleymani Soodabeh , Shafie-khah Miadreza , Catalão João
Published: September 2017

Renewable energies as a solution for environmental issues have always been a key research area due to Demand Response Programs (DRPs). However, the intermittent nature of such energies may cause economic and technological challenges for Independent System Operators (ISOs) besides DRPs, since the acceptable effective solution may exceed the requirement of further investigations. Although, previous studies emphasized employing Demand Response and Renewable Energies in power systems, each problem was investigated independently, and there have been few studies which have investigated these problems simultaneously. In these recent studies, authors neither analyzed these problems simultaneously nor discussed which scientific and practical aspects of demand response and renewable energy injection were employed. Motivated by this requirement, this research has focused on a comprehensive review of recent research of these cases to provide a comprehensive reference for future works.
An Anonymous Authentication and Key Establish Scheme for Smart Grid: FAuth
Authors: Chen Yuwen , Martínez José-Fernán , Castillejo Pedro , López Lourdes
Published: September 2017

The smart meters in electricity grids enable fine-grained consumption monitoring. Thus, suppliers could adjust their tariffs. However, as smart meters are deployed within the smart grid field, authentication and key establishment between smart grid parties (smart meters, aggregators, and servers) become an urgency. Besides, as privacy is becoming a big concern for smart meters, smart grid parties are reluctant to leak their real identities during the authentication phase. In this paper, we analyze the recent authentication schemes in smart grids and other applied fields, and propose an anonymous authentication and key establishment scheme between smart grid parties: FAuth. The proposed scheme is based on bilinear maps and the computational Diffie–Hellman problem. We changed the way the smart meter parties registered at Key Generation Center, making the proposed scheme robust against various potential attacks that could be launched by the Key Generation Center, as the scheme could avoid the private key of the smart meter parties from leaking to the Key Generation Center. Besides, the proposed scheme reduced the computational load, both at the smart meter side and at the aggregator side, which make it perfectly suitable for computation-constrained devices. Security proof results show the proposed scheme is secure under the BAN logic and random oracle model.
Decrease in Healthcare Utilization and Costs for Opioid Users Following Residential Integrated Treatment for Co-Occurring Disorders
Authors: Morse Siobhan , Bride Brian
Published: September 2017

Background: Opioid use results in higher healthcare utilization and costs, particularly among those with co-occurring mental health disorders. Presumably, effective treatment would result in a reduction in healthcare utilization and costs. To date, research has not examined this question. As such, the purpose of this study was to estimate and compare pre- and post-treatment healthcare utilization and costs for individuals receiving residential integrated treatment for co-occurring mental health and opioid use disorders. Methods: A single-group, repeated measures design was used to examine changes in pre- and post-treatment healthcare utilization and costs among a sample of individuals with co-occurring mental health and opioid use disorders who received residential, integrated treatment. Results: Significant reductions in emergency rooms visits, inpatient admissions, and resulting costs were observed in the six months following treatment. Conclusions: Residential, integrated treatment of co-occurring mental health and opioid use disorders can significantly decrease both utilization and cost of healthcare among opioid users with co-occurring mental health disorders.
Poor Hand Hygiene Procedure Compliance among Polish Medical Students and Physicians—The Result of an Ineffective Education Basis or the Impact of Organizational Culture?
Authors: Wałaszek Marta , Kołpa Małgorzata , Wolak Zdzisław , Różańska Anna , Wójkowska-Mach Jadwiga
Published: September 2017

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the knowledge of Polish physicians and medical students about the role of hand hygiene (HH) in healthcare-associated infection (HAI) prevention. Study design: A survey was conducted using an author-prepared questionnaire, which was filled out on the first day of hospital work (or internship) by newly admitted physicians who had worked in other hospitals and students of different medical schools in Poland. Methods: 100 respondents participated in the study: 28 students, 18 medical interns and 54 physicians. Results: As many as 3/4 of physicians and students did not use the HH techniques correctly. The respondents declared that they perform HH in the following situations: 74.4% of respondents before an aseptic task; 60.8% before patient contact; 57.0% after patient contact; 11.5% after body fluid exposure risk, and only two respondents (1.1%) after contact with patient surroundings. 64% of respondents declared that their supervisor checked their knowledge of the HH technique when they were touching patients, but their supervisors checked the five instances for HH only in the case of 27 respondents (27%). Students experienced any control of HH in the workplace less often. Interns and physicians mentioned that the most important preventive action in HAI is HH, but for students it is the use of gloves. Conclusions: The level of knowledge and skills of physicians and students in the field of HH is insufficient. Deficiencies in skills and knowledge of HH were identified as early as at the level of the first internship.
Analysis of Baseline Computerized Neurocognitive Testing Results among 5–11-Year-Old Male and Female Children Playing Sports in Recreational Leagues in Florida
Authors: Liller Karen , Morris Barbara , Fillion Jessica , Yang Yingwei , Bubu Omonigho
Published: September 2017

There is a paucity of data related to sports injuries, concussions, and computerized neurocognitive testing (CNT) among very young athletes playing sports in recreational settings. The purpose of this study was to report baseline CNT results among male and female children, ages 5–11, playing sports in Hillsborough County, Florida using ImPACT Pediatric, which is specifically designed for this population. Data were collected from 2016 to 2017. The results show that 657 baseline tests were conducted and t-tests and linear regression were used to assess mean significant differences in composite scores with sex and age. Results showed that females scored better on visual memory and in general as age increased, baseline scores improved. The results can be used to build further studies on the use of CNT in recreational settings and their role in concussion treatment, management, and interventions.
The Endocannabinoid System and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Insights from Animal Models
Authors: Zamberletti Erica , Gabaglio Marina , Parolaro Daniela
Published: September 2017

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) defines a group of neurodevelopmental disorders whose symptoms include impaired communication and social interaction with restricted or repetitive motor movements, frequently associated with general cognitive deficits. Although it is among the most severe chronic childhood disorders in terms of prevalence, morbidity, and impact to the society, no effective treatment for ASD is yet available, possibly because its neurobiological basis is not clearly understood hence specific drugs have not yet been developed. The endocannabinoid (EC) system represents a major neuromodulatory system involved in the regulation of emotional responses, behavioral reactivity to context, and social interaction. Furthermore, the EC system is also affected in conditions often present in subsets of patients diagnosed with ASD, such as seizures, anxiety, intellectual disabilities, and sleep pattern disturbances. Despite the indirect evidence suggestive of an involvement of the EC system in ASD, only a few studies have specifically addressed the role of the EC system in the context of ASD. This review describes the available data on the investigation of the presence of alterations of the EC system as well as the effects of its pharmacological manipulations in animal models of ASD-like behaviors.
Monitoring Autophagy Immunohistochemically and Ultrastructurally during Human Head and Neck Carcinogenesis. Relationship with the DNA Damage Response Pathway
Authors: Havaki Sophia , Vlachou Vassiliki , Zampetidis Christos , Selemenakis Platonas , Kotsinas Athanassios , Mavrogonatou Eleni , Rizou Sophia , Kyrodimos Euthymios , Evangelou Konstantinos , Kletsas Dimitris , Giatromanolaki Alexandra , Gorgoulis Vassilis
Published: September 2017

Autophagy is a catabolic process that preserves cellular homeostasis. Its exact role during carcinogenesis is not completely defined. Specifically in head and neck cancer, such information from clinical settings that comprise the whole spectrum of human carcinogenesis is very limited. Towards this direction, we examined the in situ status of the autophagy-related factors, Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, member B (LC3B) and sequestosome 1/p62 (p62) in clinical material covering all histopathological stages of human head and neck carcinogenesis. This material is unique as each panel of lesions is derived from the same patient and moreover we have previously assessed it for the DNA damage response (DDR) activation status. Since Beclin-1, LC3B and p62 reflect the nucleation, elongation and degradation stages of autophagy, respectively, their combined immunohistochemical (IHC) expression profiles could grossly mirror the autophagic flux. This experimental approach was further corroborated by ultrastructural analysis, applying transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The observed Beclin-1/LC3B/p62 IHC patterns, obtained from serial sections analysis, along with TEM findings are suggestive of a declined authophagic activity in preneoplastic lesions that was restored in full blown cancers. Correlating these findings with DDR status in the same pathological stages are indicative of: (i) an antitumor function of autophagy in support to that of DDR, possibly through energy deprivation in preneoplastic stages, thus preventing incipient cancer cells from evolving; and (ii) a tumor-supporting role in the cancerous stage.
Inhibition of NAT10 Suppresses Melanogenesis and Melanoma Growth by Attenuating Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor (MITF) Expression
Authors: Oh Taek-In , Lee Yoon-Mi , Lim Beong-Ou , Lim Ji-Hong
Published: September 2017

N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) has been considered a target for the treatment of human diseases such as cancer and laminopathies; however, its functional role in the biology of melanocytes is questionable. Using a small molecule or small interfering RNA targeting NAT10, we examined the effect of NAT10 inhibition on melanogenesis and melanoma growth in human and mouse melanoma cells. Genetic silencing or chemical inhibition of NAT10 resulted in diminished melanin synthesis through the suppression of melanogenesis-stimulating genes such as those encoding dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) and tyrosinase in B16F10 melanoma cells. In addition, NAT10 inhibition significantly increased cell cycle arrest in S-phase, thereby suppressing the growth and proliferation of malignant melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate the potential role of NAT10 in melanogenesis and melanoma growth through the regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression and provide a promising strategy for the treatment of various skin diseases (melanoma) and pigmentation disorders (chloasma and freckles).
Nanosizing Cynomorium: Thumbs up for Potential Antifungal Applications
Authors: Griffin Sharoon , Alkhayer Reem , Mirzoyan Seda , Turabyan Astghik , Zucca Paolo , Sarfraz Muhammad , Nasim Muhammad , Trchounian Armen , Rescigno Antonio , Keck Cornelia , Jacob Claus
Published: September 2017

Cynomorium coccineum L., the desert thumb, is a rather exotic, parasitic plant unable to engage in photosynthesis, yet rich in a variety of unique compounds with a wide spectrum of biological applications. Whilst extraction, separation and isolation of such compounds is time consuming, the particular properties of the plant, such as dryness, hardness and lack of chlorophyll, render it a prime target for possible nanosizing. The entire plant, the external layer (coat) as well as its peel, are readily milled and high pressure homogenized to yield small, mostly uniform spherical particles with diameters in the range of 300 to 600 nm. The best quality of particles is obtained for the processed entire plant. Based on initial screens for biological activity, it seems that these particles are particularly active against the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, whilst no activity could be observed against the model nematode Steinernema feltiae. This activity is particularly pronounced in the case of the external layer, whilst the peeled part does not seem to inhibit growth of C. albicans. Thanks to the ease of sample preparation, the good quality of the nanosuspension obtained, and the interesting activity of this natural product, nanosized coats of Cynomorium may well provide a lead for future development and applications as “green” materials in the field of medicine, but also environmentally, for instance in agriculture.
Simultaneous Determination of Seven Phenolic Acids in Rat Plasma Using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS after Oral Administration of Echinacea purpurea Extract
Authors: Du Yan , Wang Zhibin , Wang Libo , Gao Mingjie , Wang Liqian , Gan Chunli , Yang Chunjuan
Published: September 2017

A rapid and sensitive Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine the concentration of seven phenolic acids (syringic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) in rat plasma after oral administration of Echinacea purpurea extract. After mixing with the internal standard (IS), butylparaben, plasma samples were prepared by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The separation was performed using the Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (1.8 μm, 2.1 mm × 50 mm) with a gradient system consisting of solution A (0.1% acetic acid in water) and solution B (methanol) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The detection was accomplished by a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with electrospray ionization (ESI). The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability. This method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetic properties of the seven compounds after oral administration of Echinacea purpurea extract in rats.
Topological Characterization of Carbon Graphite and Crystal Cubic Carbon Structures
Authors: Gao Wei , Siddiqui Muhammad , Naeem Muhammad , Rehman Najma
Published: September 2017

Graph theory is used for modeling, designing, analysis and understanding chemical structures or chemical networks and their properties. The molecular graph is a graph consisting of atoms called vertices and the chemical bond between atoms called edges. In this article, we study the chemical graphs of carbon graphite and crystal structure of cubic carbon. Moreover, we compute and give closed formulas of degree based additive topological indices, namely hyper-Zagreb index, first multiple and second multiple Zagreb indices, and first and second Zagreb polynomials.
Sensory Evaluation of Foods with Added Micronutrient Powder (MNP) “Taburia” to Assess Acceptability among Children Aged 6–24 Months and Their Caregivers in Indonesia
Authors: Sutrisna Aang , Vossenaar Marieke , Izwardy Doddy , Tumilowicz Alison
Published: September 2017

Although it is generally accepted that the addition of micronutrient powders (MNPs) to foods causes no or negligible changes to organoleptic properties, there are anecdotal reports of low acceptability of the MNP (locally known as “Taburia”) distributed in Indonesia. We hypothesized that the organoleptic properties of Taburia do not reduce the acceptability of foods if used as recommended. Acceptability of Taburia and a comparison MNP (MixMe™) were evaluated among 232 children aged 6–24 months and their caregivers. Both caregivers’ perceptions of child acceptance, and their own assessments of organoleptic qualities when added to rice porridge or meals commonly consumed by young children, were assessed. Changes to the organoleptic properties of foods mixed with Taburia and comparison MNP were reported by caregivers, even when following preparation instructions. Taburia was found to enhance texture, sweetness, saltiness, and umami taste, but was also perceived as slightly bitter. Ratings for overall appearance and taste did not differ between rice porridge, plain or with Taburia, but the overall taste of Taburia was preferred over comparison MNP (p = 0.012). Meals consumed by children were preferred without the addition of MNP (p < 0.001). We demonstrate that the addition of Taburia to foods, commonly consumed by Indonesian infants and young children, affects organoleptic properties of the foods, even when prepared according to recommendations. However, these changes are unlikely to be the cause of reported adherence problems in Indonesia. This needs to be taken into consideration for product development and communication strategies promoting adherence.
Fast Curing Bio-Based Phenolic Resins via Lignin Demethylated under Mild Reaction Condition
Authors: Li Jiongjiong , Zhang Jizhi , Zhang Shifeng , Gao Qiang , Li Jianzhang , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2017

Demethylation technique has been used to enhance lignin reactivity for preparation of phenolic resins. However, the demethylation efficiency and the demethylated lignin (DL) reactivity were still unsatisfactory. To improve the demethylation efficiency, alkali lignin was demethylated under different mild conditions using sodium sulfite as a catalyst. Lignin and DL were characterized by 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to determine the demethylation mechanism. With the demethylation of lignin, the methoxyl group content decreased from 1.93 m mol/g to 1.09 m mol/g, and the phenolic hydroxyl group content increased from 0.56 m mol/g to 0.82 m mol/g. These results revealed that methoxyl groups were attacked by SO32−, and some methoxyl groups were converted to phenolic hydroxyl groups by a nucleophilic substitution reaction, generating DL with high reactivity. The chemical properties of lignin-based phenolic resins were studied by 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, and their physical properties were also investigated. The results indicated that lignin-based phenolic resins exhibited faster curing rate and shorter gel time. In addition, the bonding strength increased from 0.92 MPa to 1.07 MPa, and the formaldehyde emission decreased from 0.58 mg/L to 0.22 mg/L after lignin demethylated at the optimum condition.
Proposal of Novel Model for a 2 DOF Exoskeleton for Lower-Limb Rehabilitation
Authors: Velandia Cristian , Tibaduiza Diego , Vejar Maribel
Published: September 2017

Nowadays, engineering is working side by side with medical sciences to design and create devices which could help to improve medical processes. Physiotherapy is one of the areas of medicine in which engineering is working. There, several devices aimed to enhance and assist therapies are being studied and developed. Mechanics and electronics engineering together with physiotherapy are developing exoskeletons, which are electromechanical devices attached to limbs which could help the user to move or correct the movement of the given limbs, providing automatic therapies with flexible and configurable programs to improve the autonomy and fit the needs of each patient. Exoskeletons can enhance the effectiveness of physiotherapy and reduce patient rehabilitation time. As a contribution, this paper proposes a dynamic model for two degrees of freedom (2 DOF) leg exoskeleton acting over the knee and ankle to treat people with partial disability in lower limbs. This model has the advantage that it can be adapted for any person using the variables of mass and height, converting it into a flexible alternative for calculating the exoskeleton dynamics very quickly and adapting them easily for a child’s or young adult’s body. In addition, this paper includes the linearization of the model and an analysis of its respective observability and controllability, as preliminary study for control strategies applications.