bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of Hierarchical PdAgAu Nanorings/MXene–GO Electrocatalysts for Efficient and Ultrastable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Sun Chaohai , Tan Yong , Huang Yi , Guo Fang , Deng Linghan , Cheng Si
Published: January 2023

High overpotential and poor long‐term operation stability of electrocatalysts are two major barriers for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, 2D ultrathin PdAgAu nanorings are synthesized and further self‐assembled on Ti2CTx–graphene oxide (GO) heterostructure for efficiently boosting HER. The best candidate, Pd50Ag31Au19/Ti2CTx–GO electrocatalyst, can initiate hydrogen evolution at an overpotential of 90 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and exhibits the lowest Tafel slope of 75 mV dec−1 as well as the highest mass activity of 284.4 mA mg−1Pd at −100 mV, in comparison with those of Pd50Ag31Au19/Ti2CTx, Pd50Ag31Au19/GO, and commercial Pd/C. Most remarkably, impressive long‐term stability is achieved even after a 112 h chronoamperometric test. The great performance of Pd50Ag31Au19/Ti2CTx–GO electrocatalyst can be attributed to the advantageous synergistic effect among the morphological modulation, composition optimization, and strong metal–support interaction effect between the Pd50Ag31Au19 nanorings and Ti2CTx–GO support.
Community participation and subjective wellbeing among the immigrant population in Northern Italy: An analysis of mediators
Authors: Martinez‐Damia Sara , Paloma Virginia , Luesia Juan F. , Marta Elena , Marzana Daniela
Published: January 2023

Community participation can be a potential strategy to increase the degree of the subjective wellbeing of immigrants within receiving societies. This study aims to analyze the relationship between immigrants' community participation and their subjective wellbeing, testing the two dimensions of sense of mattering (feeling valued and adding value) and psychological sense of community as potential mediators of this relationship. A total of 308 first‐generation immigrants living in Northern Italy filled out a questionnaire (45.1% were members of a migrant community‐based organization). We found that immigrants who are members of a migrant organization show a higher level of subjective wellbeing, sense of mattering, and psychological sense of community than those who are not members. We also found that the sense of adding value and the psychological sense of community serve as mediators of the relationship between community participation and subjective wellbeing. The findings suggest that active participation is positively related to immigrants' feeling useful and capable of contributing to society and their feeling of belonging, which, in turn, are positively related to their subjective wellbeing. Practical implications are presented, focusing on the need for generative social policies to move beyond the welfarist perspective in which immigrants only “receive” to embrace an active perspective in which immigrants can also “give.”
Role of Enlarged Perivascular Space in the Temporal Lobe in Cerebral Amyloidosis
Authors: Na Han Kyu , Kim Han‐Kyeol , Lee Hye Sun , Park Mina , Lee Jae Hoon , Ryu Young Hoon , Cho Hanna , Lyoo Chul Hyoung
Published: January 2023

Objective

Although growing evidence suggests that perivascular space (PVS) serves as a clearance route for amyloid and tau, the association between enlarged PVS (EPVS) and Alzheimer disease is highly inconsistent across studies. As the conventional visual rating systems for EPVS were insufficient to predict amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N) status, we developed a new rating scale for EPVS located in the temporal lobe (T‐EPVS).

Methods

EPVS located in the basal ganglia (BG‐EPVS), centrum semiovale (CS‐EPVS), and T‐EPVS was visually rated in 272 individuals (healthy controls, n = 96; mild cognitive impairment, n = 106; dementia, n = 70) who underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual positron emission tomography scans (18F‐flortaucipir and 18F‐florbetaben). T‐EPVS and BG‐EPVS were defined as high degree when the counts in any hemisphere were >10, and the CS‐EPVS cutoff was >20. Logistic regression models were constructed to investigate whether the regional EPVS burden was predictive of A/T/N status. The derived models were externally validated in a temporal validation cohort (n = 195) that underwent MRI studies using a different scanner.

Results

Compared with those with low‐degree T‐EPVS (23/136, 16.9%), individuals with high‐degree T‐EPVS/CS‐EPVS but low‐degree BG‐EPVS were more likely to exhibit amyloid positivity (46/56, 82.1%). High‐degree T‐EPVS burden (odds ratio [OR] = 7.251, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.296–15.952) and low‐degree BG‐EPVS (OR = 0.241, 95% CI = 0.109–0.530) were predictive of amyloid positivity. Although high‐degree T‐EPVS was associated with tau positivity, the association was no longer significant after adjusting for amyloid and neurodegeneration status.

Interpretation

Investigating the burden and topographic distribution of EPVS including T‐EPVS may be useful for predicting amyloid status, indicating that impaired perivascular drainage may contribute to cerebral amyloidosis. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:965–978
Supramolecular Shish Kebabs: Higher Order Dimeric Structures from Ring‐in‐Rings Complexes with Conformational Adaptivity
Authors: Wang Zhenwen , Mei Lei , Guo Chenxing , Huang Song , Shi Wei‐Qun , Li Xiaowei , Feng Wen , Li Xiaopeng , Yang Cheng , Yuan Lihua
Published: January 2023

Use of abiotic chemical systems for understanding higher order superstructures is challenging. Here we report a ring‐in‐ring(s) system comprising a hydrogen‐bonded macrocycle and cyclobis(paraquat‐o‐phenylene) tetracation (o‐Box) or cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) tetracation (CBPQT4+, p‐Box) that assembles to construct discrete higher order structures with adaptive conformation. As indicated by mass spectrometry, computational modeling, NMR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, this ring‐in‐ring(s) system features the box‐directed aggregation of multiple macrocycles, leading to generation of several stable species such as H4G (1 a/o‐Box) and H5G (1 a/o‐Box). Remarkably, a dimeric shish‐kebab‐like ring‐in‐rings superstructure H7G2 (1 a/o‐Box) or H8G2 (1 a/p‐Box) is formed from the coaxial stacking of two ring‐in‐rings units. The formation of such unique dimeric superstructures is attributed to the large π‐surface of this 2D planar macrocycle and the conformational variation of both host and guest.
Near‐Quantitative Preparation of Short Single‐Stranded DNA Circles
Authors: Paluzzi Victoria E. , Zhang Cuizheng , Mao Chengde
Published: January 2023

Small, single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) circles have many applications, such as templating rolling circle amplification (RCA), capturing microRNAs, and scaffolding DNA nanostructures. However, it is challenging to prepare such ssDNA circles, particularly when the DNA size becomes very small (e.g. a 20 nucleotide (nt) long ssDNA circle). Often, such short ssDNA dominantly form concatemers (either linear or circular) due to intermolecular ligation, instead of forming monomeric ssDNA circles by intramolecular ligation. Herein, a simple method to overcome this problem by designing the complementary linker molecules is reported. It is demonstrated that ssDNA, as short as 16 nts, can be enzymatically ligated (by the commonly used T4 DNA ligase) into monomeric ssDNA circles at high concentration (100 μM) with high yield (97 %). This method does not require any special sequence, thus, it is expected to be generally applicable. The experimental protocol is identical to regular DNA ligation, thus, is expected to be user friendly for general chemists and biologists.
Preparation and property analysis of kaolin/melamine cyanurate/aluminum diethylphosphinate/recycled PET composites
Authors: Li Xiang , Fang Songgang
Published: January 2023

In the plastic industry, recycling waste plastic was an effective way to save energy and reduce emissions, therefore, using recycled PET (R‐PET) to produce flame retardant PET could not only improved the recycling value of discarded PET, but also conducive to achieving carbon neutrality. The effects of melamine cyanurate (MCA), aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) and kaolin (Kaol) on flame retardant, combustion behavior, thermal degradation behaviors and mechanical properties of R‐PET composites were investigated by methods of limited oxygen index (LOI) measurement, vertical burning test, cone calorimeter test, thermogravimetry analysis (TG), SEM analysis and mechanical properties test. The results showed that MCA, ADP and Kaol could improve the flame retardant of R‐PET, and ADP had the best effect on improved the flame retardant of R‐PET. MCA and ADP had synergistic flame retardant in R‐PET, but MCA had a negative effect on the mechanical properties and thermal decomposition temperature of ADP/R‐PET composite. Kaol could not only improve the flame retardant and thermal decomposition temperature of MCA/ADP/R‐PET composites, but also improved their tensile and flexural strength. The flame retardant of 4‐Kaol/5‐MCA/15‐ADP/R‐PET composite reached UL94 1.0 mm V0 with LOI was 36.5%, and the tensile and flexural strength were increased by 26.1% and 16.7% compared with 5‐MCA/15‐ADP/R‐PET, respectively.
Synthesis of cross‐linked diazaborine‐based polymeric microparticles with antiquorum sensing, anti‐swarming, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm properties
Authors: Tamfu Alfred Ngenge , Kocak Gökhan , Ceylan Ozgur , Valentine Funda , Bütün Vural , Çiçek Hüseyin
Published: January 2023

Transmission of infectious diseases and resistance by microorganisms is a global health threat. Antimicrobial polymers are increasingly being developed as biocides with greater applications than traditional antibiotics. In this study, 3‐(potassiumsulfonyl)propyl methacrylate (SPMA) monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross‐linker and ammonium persulfate initiator were reacted to yield poly[3‐(potassiumsulfonyl)propyl methacrylate] microgels (PSPMA). Surface modification of PSPMA with thionyl chloride yielded poly[3‐(chlorosulfonyl)propyl methacrylate microparticle] (PSPMA‐Cl) which was reacted with hydrazinehydrate to obtain poly[3‐(hydrazinylsulfonyl)propyl methacrylate] microparticles (PSPMA‐NH2). Finally, 2‐formyl benzeneboronic acid was added to give the final product poly[3‐((1‐hydroxybenzo(d)(1,2,3)diazaborinin‐2(1H)‐yl)sulfonyl)propyl methacrylate] (PSPMA‐DAZ) microparticles. The modified microparticles were characterized using attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive x‐ray analyses. The polymeric microparticles showed good antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 10239 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803 while low to moderate biofilm inhibitions were observed against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028. Surface group modification from PSPMA, PSPMA‐Cl, PSPMA‐NH2 to PSPMA‐DAZ increased violacein inhibition, quorum‐sensing inhibition and antimicrobial activity but reduced swarming. These polymer microparticles can be used to reduce spread of microbial infections and resistance.
Hair cell morphological patterns and polarity organization in the sea lamprey vestibular cristae
Authors: Fritzsch Bernd , Kersigo Jennifer , Rejent Kassidy , Gherman Wesley , Frank Patrick W. , Giovannucci David R. , Maklad Adel
Published: January 2023

The inner ear of the sea lamprey was examined by scanning electron microscopy, antibody labeling with tubulin, Myo7a, Spectrin, and Phalloidin stain to elucidate the canal cristae organization and the morphology and polarity of the hair cells. We characterized the hair cell stereocilia bundles and their morphological polarity with respect to the kinocilia. We identified three types of hair cells. In Type 1 hair cells, the kinocilia were slightly longer than the tallest stereocilia. This type was located along the medial bank of the crista and their polarity, based on kinocilia location, was uniformly pointed ampullipetally. Type 2 hair cells that had kinocilia that were much longer than the stereocilia, were most abundant in the central region of the crista. This type of hair cell displayed variable polarity. Type 3 hair cells had extremely long kinocilia (~40–50 μm long) and with extremely short stereocilia. They were mostly located in the lateral zone crista and displayed ampullipetal polarity. Myo7a and tubulin antibodies revealed that hair cells and vestibular afferents are distributed across the canal cristae in the lamprey, covering the area of cruciate eminence; a feature that is absent in more derived vertebrates. Spectrin shows hair cells of varying polarities in the central zone. In this zone, some cells followed the main polarity vector (lateral) like those in medial and lateral zones, whereas other cells displayed polarities that carried up to 40° from the main polarity vector.
Ethyl 2‐(2‐fluoroethoxy)ethyl carbonate as a new electrolyte additive for high‐voltage Li‐metal batteries
Authors: Jin Dahee , Park Changhee , Han Jiwon , Dzakpasu Cyril B. , Kim Eunsae , Oh Jimin , Kim Kwang Man , Lee Sunggi , Lee Yong Min
Published: January 2023

The combination of a high‐Ni LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 (NMC) cathode and Li metal anode is currently considered the most promising candidate for high‐energy‐density Li‐metal batteries. However, undesired parasitic reactions in LiPF6‐based carbonate electrolytes hinder their further application. Herein, we report a new fluorinated linear carbonate additive, ethyl 2‐(2‐fluoroethoxy)ethyl carbonate) (EFEEC), to a lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide–lithium bis(oxalate)borate‐based dual‐salt electrolyte system which is compatible with high‐Ni NMC and Li metal electrodes. We showed that in our electrolyte with well‐controlled lowest unoccupied molecular orbital/highest unoccupied molecular orbital levels, robust and stable solid electrolyte interphases are formed on both the cathode and anode synergistically, which enables neat and dense lithium metal deposition as well as the structural stability of NMC622 operated under a 4.5 V cut‐off voltage. The use of the dual‐salt‐based electrolyte with the EFEEC additive improved cycle performance with high‐capacity retention (76.0% at 200 cycles) even when operated under high voltage.
High rate and ultralong cyclelife fiber‐shaped sodium dual‐ion battery based on bismuth anodes and polytriphenylamine cathodes
Authors: Li Yongpeng , Wang Bin
Published: January 2023

Fiber‐shaped sodium dual‐ion batteries (FSDIBs) have attracted considerable attention in wearable electronics because of their low cost and natural abundance and intrinsic flexibility, as well as high working voltage and energy density. Thus, exploration of an electrode material with good flexibility and more accommodative spaces for the reversible shuttle of large anions and Na+ cations is quite necessary but challenging. Herein, Bi nanoparticles anchored on a carbon nanotube fiber are homogeneously fabricated and used as anodes to assemble FSDIBs with carbon fiber‐coated polytriphenylamine cathodes. A series of in situ/ex situ characterizations are conducted to investigate the corresponding battery reaction mechanism of anodes, revealing a reversible reaction process of mixed insertion‐alloying behavior. Owing to excellent electrochemical properties and electrode match, the FSDIBs show ultralong cycle stability for 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1 and remarkable rate capability ranging from 2.5 to 20 A g−1. Moreover, the FSDIBs also show good flexibility under different bending deformations. This work paves the way for development of flexible energy storage devices for wearable devices.
A simple urine test by 3D‐plus‐3D immunoassay guides precise in vitro cancer diagnosis
Authors: Kim Hye Hyun , Moon Ok Jeong , Seol Yong Hwan , Lee Jeewon
Published: January 2023

Although a variety of urinary cancer markers are available for in vitro diagnosis, inherent problems of urine environment—containing various inorganic/organic ions/molecules that vary in concentration over a 20‐fold range or more and significantly attenuate antibody avidity for markers—render conventional immunoassays unsuitable, remaining unresolved and a major challenge. Here we developed a 3D‐plus‐3D (3p3) immunoassay method, based on a single‐step urinary marker detection by 3D‐antibody probes, which are free of steric hindrance and capable of omnidirectional capture of markers in a 3D solution. The 3p3 immunoassay showed an excellent performance in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) through detecting PCa‐specific urinary engrailed‐2 protein, demonstrating 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity with the urine specimens of PCa‐related and other related disease patients and healthy individuals. This innovative approach holds a great potential in opening up a novel clinical route for precise in vitro cancer diagnosis and also pushing urine immunoassay closer to more widespread adoption.
Cell recognitive bioadhesive‐based osteogenic barrier coating with localized delivery of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 for accelerated guided bone regeneration
Authors: Jo Yun Kee , Choi Bong‐Hyuk , Zhou Cong , Jun Sang Ho , Cha Hyung Joon
Published: January 2023

Titanium mesh (Ti‐mesh) for guided bone regeneration (GBR) approaches has been extensively considered to offer space maintenance in reconstructing the alveolar ridge within bone defects due to its superb mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, soft tissue invasion across the pores of the Ti‐mesh and intrinsically limited bioactivity of the titanium substrates often hinder satisfactory clinical outcomes in GBR treatments. Here, a cell recognitive osteogenic barrier coating was proposed using a bioengineered mussel adhesive protein (MAP) fused with Alg–Gly–Asp (RGD) peptide to achieve highly accelerated bone regeneration. The fusion bioadhesive MAP‐RGD exhibited outstanding performance as a bioactive physical barrier that enabled effective cell occlusion and a prolonged, localized delivery of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2). The MAP‐RGD@BMP‐2 coating promoted in vitro cellular behaviors and osteogenic commitments of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via the synergistic crosstalk effects of the RGD peptide and BMP‐2 in a surface‐bound manner. The facile gluing of MAP‐RGD@BMP‐2 onto the Ti‐mesh led to a distinguishable acceleration of the in vivo formation of new bone in terms of quantity and maturity in a rat calvarial defect. Hence, our protein‐based cell recognitive osteogenic barrier coating can be an excellent therapeutic platform to improve the clinical predictability of GBR treatment.
Modulation of Aβ42 Aggregation Kinetics and Pathway by Low‐Molecular‐Weight Inhibitors
Authors: Hutchison Marie‐Theres , Bellomo Giovanni , Cherepanov Alexey , Stirnal Elke , Fürtig Boris , Richter Christian , Linhard Verena , Gurewitsch Elina , Lelli Moreno , Morgner Nina , Schrader Thomas , Schwalbe Harald
Published: January 2023

The aggregation of amyloid‐β 42 (Aβ42) is directly related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we have investigated the early stages of the aggregation process, during which most of the cytotoxic species are formed. Aβ42 aggregation kinetics, characterized by the quantification of Aβ42 monomer consumption, were tracked by real‐time solution NMR spectroscopy (RT‐NMR) allowing the impact that low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) inhibitors and modulators exert on the aggregation process to be analysed. Distinct differences in the Aβ42 kinetic profiles were apparent and were further investigated kinetically and structurally by using thioflavin T (ThT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. LMW inhibitors were shown to have a differential impact on early‐state aggregation. Insight provided here could direct future therapeutic design based on kinetic profiling of the process of fibril formation.
Hydrogenation of CO2 into Formates by Ligand‐Capped Palladium Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Fernández‐Martínez M. Dolores , Godard Cyril
Published: January 2023

The synthesis of two series of catalysts based on ligand‐capped supported Pd nanoparticles was carried out using a simple procedure and the resulting materials were tested in the formate synthesis. Within these series, PPh3 revealed the most appropriate stabilizing ligand while TiO2 was the most efficient support for these catalysts. The hydrogenation of CO2 was carried out under mild reaction conditions (1.8 MPa CO2, 1.8 MPa H2, 60 °C) using water as solvent and in the presence of a base, providing excellent selectivity towards formates with a TON of 1032 (TOF of 69 h−1, [HCOOK]=1.1 mol/l).
Amorphous‐Confined Crystalline CuO Nanoflakes for Enhanced Ethylene Production from CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Zhao Dandan , Zhang Shaoyang , Guo Tianyu , Zhao Qiang , Du Jianping , Li Jinping
Published: January 2023

The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to high value‐added chemicals is one of the effective technologies to achieve the goal of carbon neutralization. However, highly selective production of hydrocarbon via electrochemical conversion of CO2 still has great challenges. Herein, a unique CuO phase composition is constructed that consists of rectangular nanoflakes possessing crystalline/amorphous structures by the facile strategy. Crystalline CuO square nanoblocks are confined in amorphous nanoflakes and form crystalline/amorphous hybrid phase. The results of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction demonstrate that this crystalline/amorphous CuO material exhibits superior CO2 conversion ability with ethylene Faradaic efficiency of 58.3 % at −1.08 V vs. RHE, which is ascribed to nanoflake structures and fast electron transfer on the crystalline/amorphous interfaces because of superior conductivity of amorphous CuO. The present research provides an effective route to reconstruct novel crystalline/amorphous interfaces of CuO for catalysis applications.
Heterointerfacial Cobalt/Zinc Sulfides on Molybdenum Disulfide Coated Carbon Cloth as Self‐Supporting Electrode for Flexible Metal‐Air Batteries
Authors: Dong Xinran , Zhang Jie , Shi Weiyi , Wu Bingzheng , Wang Gang , Chen Jinwei , Wang Ruilin
Published: January 2023

Rational design of effective non‐precious metal for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is urgently demanded for flexible metal‐air batteries. Engineering heterointerfaces between metal compounds is an attractive strategy for fabricating high‐performance bifunctional electrocatalysts. Herein, a facile spontaneous sulfurization strategy is developed to fabricate the self‐supporting electrode consisting of homogeneous Co3S4and ZnS on MoS2with abundant sulfur vacancies, as well as the unique heterointerfaces and conductive carbon skeleton. Owing to the hierarchical structure and more exposed active sites, the optimal Co(Zn0.5)@MoS2/CC electrode exhibits excellent bifunctional catalytic activity with the smaller ΔE value (Ej=10,OER−E1/2,ORR) and durability. Furthermore, Co(Zn0.5)@MoS2/CC based all‐solid‐state zinc‐air and aluminum‐air batteries also deliver high open‐circle voltage, desirable power density and flexibility. This approach offers a novel method to obtain the self‐supporting electrodes with porous structure and highly active metal sulfides.
Removal of Hexavalent Chromium Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane with Jet Mixer: A Continuous Approach
Authors: Kavitha Subramanian , Baral Saroj Sundar , Ganesan Surendran
Published: January 2023

The present study was aimed at eliminating CrVI from effluent streams by means of an emulsion liquid membrane generated by palm oil, Span 80 (surfactant), bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate (carrier), and NaOH, used as an emulsion in the stripping phase. Jet mixing was used for homogenization and agitation of a continuous system for CrVI removal. The effects of process parameters such as carrier concentration, pH, and internal phase concentration on the transfer of CrVI from the internal to the membrane phase were studied. The results from batch studies were analyzed and incorporated in the continuous process.
Exciplex‐Forming Cohost Systems with 2,3‐Dicyanopyrazinophenanthrene‐based Acceptors to Achieve Efficient Near Infrared OLEDs
Authors: Liu Guan‐Cheng , Huang Tzu‐Hao , Wang Hao‐Wen , Hsu Chao‐Hsien , Chou Pi‐Tai , Hung Wen‐Yi , Wong Ken‐Tsung
Published: January 2023

Two new 2,3‐dicyanopyrazinophenanthrene‐based acceptors (A) p‐QCN and m‐QCN were synthesized to blend with a donor (D) CPTBF for the exciplex formation. The energy levels of p‐QCN and m‐QCN are modulated by the peripheral substituents 4‐ and 3‐benzonitrile, respectively. Exciplex‐forming blends were identified by the observation of the red‐shifted emissions from various D : A blends with higher ratios of donor for suppressing the aggregation of acceptor. The two‐component relaxation processes observed by time‐resolved photoluminescence support the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) character of the exciplex‐forming blends. The device employing CPTBF : p‐QCN and (2 : 1) and CPTBF : m‐QCN (2 : 1) blend as the emitting layer (EML) gave EQEmax of 1.76 % and 5.12 %, and electroluminescence (EL) λmax of 629 nm and 618 nm, respectively. The device efficiency can be further improved to 4.32 % and 5.57 % with CPTBF : p‐QCN and (4 : 1) and CPTBF : m‐QCN (4 : 1) as the EML, which is consistent with their improved photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). A new fluorescent emitter BPBBT with photoluminescence (PL) λmax of 726 nm and a high PLQY of 67 % was synthesized and utilized as the dopant of CPTBF : m‐QCN (4 : 1) cohost system. The device employing CPTBF : m‐QCN (4 : 1): 5 wt.% BPBBT as the EML gave an EQEmax of 5.02 % and EL λmax centered at 735 nm, however, the weak residual exciplex emission remains. By reducing the donor ratio, the exciplex emission can be completely transferred to BPBBT and the corresponding device with CPTBF : m‐QCN (2 : 1): 5 wt.% BPBBT as the EML can achieve EL λmax of 743 nm and EQEmax of 4.79 %. This work manifests the high efficiency near infrared (NIR) OLED can be realized by triplet excitons harvesting of exciplex‐forming cohost system, followed by the effective energy transfer to an NIR fluorescent dopant.
Red‐to‐Near‐Infrared Emitting PyrrolylBODIPY Dyes: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Bioimaging Application
Authors: Miao Wei , Guo Xing , Yan Xi , Shang Yingjian , Yu Changjiang , Dai En , Jiang Ting , Hao Erhong , Jiao Lijuan
Published: January 2023

Near‐infrared (NIR) fluorophores with characteristics such as deep tissue penetration, minimal damage to the biological samples, and low background interference, are highly sought‐after materials for in vivo and deep‐tissue fluorescence imaging. Herein, series of 3‐pyrrolylBODIPY derivatives and 3,5‐dipyrrolylBODIPY derivatives have been prepared by a facile regioselective nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction (SNAr) on 3,5‐halogenated BODIPY derivatives (3,5‐dibromo or 2,3,5,6‐tetrachloroBODIPYs) with pyrroles. The installation of a pyrrolic unit onto the 3‐position of the BODIPY chromophore leads to a dramatic red shift of both the absorption (up to 160 nm) and the emission (up to 260 nm) in these resultant 3‐pyrrolylBODIPYs with respect to that of the BODIPY chromophore. Their further 5‐positional functionalization provides a facile way to fine tune their photophysical properties, and these resulting dipyrrolylBODIPYs and functionalized pyrrolylBODIPYs show strong absorption in the deep red‐to‐NIR regions (595–684 nm) and intense NIR fluorescence emission (650–715 nm) in dichloromethane. To demonstrate the applicability of these functionalized pyrrolylBODIPYs as NIR fluorescent probes for cell imaging, pyrrolylBODIPY 6 a containing mitochondrion‐targeting butyltriphenylphosphonium cationic species was also prepared. It selectively localized in mitochondria of HeLa cells, with low cytotoxicity and intense deep red fluorescence emission.
Broad‐scope Syntheses of [11C/18F]Trifluoromethylarenes from Aryl(mesityl)iodonium Salts
Authors: Telu Sanjay , Jana Susovan , Haskali Mohammad B. , Yeun Yang Bo , Jakobsson Jimmy E. , Zhao Qunchao , Ramos‐Torres Karla M. , Brugarolas Pedro , Pike Victor W.
Published: January 2023

Efficient methods for labeling aryl trifluoromethyl groups to provide novel radiotracers for use in biomedical research with positron emission tomography (PET) are keenly sought. We report a broad‐scope method for labeling trifluoromethylarenes with either carbon‐11 (t1/2=20.4 min) or fluorine‐18 (t1/2=109.8 min) from readily accessible aryl(mesityl)iodonium salts. In this method, the aryl(mesityl)iodonium salt is treated rapidly with no‐carrier‐added [11C]CuCF3 or [18F]CuCF3. The mesityl group acts as a spectator allowing radiolabeled trifluoromethylarenes to be obtained with very high chemoselectivity. Radiochemical yields from aryl(mesityl)iodonium salts bearing either electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing groups at meta‐ or para‐ position are good to excellent (67–96 %). Ortho‐substituted and otherwise sterically hindered trifluoromethylarenes still give good yields (15–34 %). Substituted heteroaryl(mesityl)iodonium salts are also viable substrates. The broad scope of this method was further exemplified by labeling a previously inaccessible target, [11C]p‐trifluoromethylphenyl boronic acid, as a potentially useful labeling synthon. In addition, fluoxetine, leflunomide, and 3‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐aminopyridine, as examples of small drug‐like molecules and candidate PET radioligands, were successfully labeled in high yields (69–81 %).
An efficient fault tolerance scheme based enhanced firefly optimization for virtual machine placement in cloud computing
Authors: Sheeba Adlin , Uma Maheswari B.
Published: January 2023

The virtual machine placement for the highly reliable cloud application is considered as one of the challenging and critical issues. To tackle such an issue, this article proposes the enhanced firefly algorithm based virtual machine placement model. But the migration time of the virtual machine placement is high and to reduce the migration time of the virtual machine placement, this article utilizes the K‐means clustering algorithm. In addition, to obtain the optimal cluster for the virtual machine placement, the adaptive particle swarm optimization with the coyote optimization algorithm is employed. The experimental results are conducted for the proposed approach using various measures such as transmission overhead, total execution time, packet size, parallel applications numbers, and virtual machine numbers. The results demonstrate that the proposed method offers improved performance and an optimal virtual machine placement scheme with respect to the various constraint factors. The evaluation exposes that the proposed method offers less execution time when compared to other methods.
3 a,6 a‐Diaza‐1,4‐Diphosphapentalenes: Synthesis and Complexation with the Organic π‐Acceptor 1,2,4,5‐Tetracyanobenzene
Authors: Zolotareva Natalia , Sushev Vyacheslav , Panova Yulia , Khristolyubova Alexandra , Grishin Matvei , Rumyantcev Roman , Fukin Georgy , Kornev Alexander
Published: January 2023

The reaction of PCl3with diethyl ketazine and 4‐phenylcyclohexanone azine results in the formation of 1,4‐dichloro‐3a,6a‐diaza‐1,4‐diphosphapentalenes which were reduced by magnesium in THF to give corresponding diazadiphosphapentalenes EtMeDDP and PhcHexDDP, containing two‐coordinate phosphorus atoms. According to the CVA data, the new diazadiphosphapentalenes are strong electron donors showing oxidation peak potentials at 0.34 and 0.10 V, respectively, (vs. Ag/AgCl). Interaction of 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) with the obtained diazadiphosphapentalenes in any stoichiometry produces sandwich complexes of the composition DDP‐TCNB‐DDP. Black‐purple crystals of π‐complexes contain infinite molecular chains with short P⋅⋅⋅P contacts between DDP molecules and short (Csp2−H⋅⋅⋅N) contacts between TCNB molecules. Calculations showed that each TCNB molecule is an acceptor of ∼0.3e from two DDP molecules. Estimation of the HOMO‐LUMO gap from the onset of optical absorption give values of 1.25 eV and 1.31 eV for [(EtMeDDP)2(TCNB)] and [(PhcHexDDP)2(TCNB)] respectively.
Childhood maladaptive coping mechanisms and the subsequent development of depression
Authors: Reich James , Schatzberg Alan
Published: January 2023

Background

Depression is a major source of symptoms and disability. In adults, maladaptive coping (usually characterized as personality dysfunction) has been shown to be associated with a depression diagnosis and poorer depression outcome. As adults with maladaptive coping difficulties are more prone to depression, we hypothesized that children with childhood disorders that involve poor coping would increase the risk of later developing depressive disorders.

Methods

Longitudinal studies of conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and Disruptive Disorder (DD) that included a later measure of depressive disorder were reviewed. Meta‐analyses of CD and ODD + DD were performed to predict increased odds of depression.

Results

Eight longitudinal studies were found where there was a measure of CD followed by depressive disorder assessment and nine studies for the variables ODD + DD. All of these studies showed these diagnoses were a significant risk factor for later depression. For the studies included in the meta‐analysis CD predicted depression OR = 3.9 (1.6–9.3) (six studies), while ODD + DD also predicted depression OR = 5.6 (2.7–11.8) (five studies).

Conclusions

Childhood disorders with maladaptive coping may increase the odds of later development of a depressive disorder diagnosis. If so, these diagnoses might also indicate an early intervention possibility to prevent depression.
Patterns of stress response to foreign eggs by a rejecter host of an obligate avian brood parasite
Authors: Abolins‐Abols Mikus , Peterson Mark , Studer Brett , Hale Mattison , Hanley Daniel , Bentley George , Hauber Mark E.
Published: January 2023

One of the most effective defenses of avian hosts against obligate brood parasites is the ejection of parasitic eggs from the nests. Despite the clear fitness benefits of this behavior, individuals within so‐called “egg‐rejecter” host species still show substantial variation in their propensity to eliminate foreign eggs from the nest. We argue that this variation can be further understood by studying the physiological mechanisms of host responses to brood parasitic egg stimuli: independent lines of research increasingly support the hypothesis that stress‐related physiological response to parasitic eggs may trigger egg rejection. The “stress‐mediated egg rejection” hypothesis requires that hosts activate the stress‐response when responding to parasitic egg stimuli. We tested this prediction by asking whether hosts showed differential stress response when exposed to host‐like (mimetic) or parasite‐like (non‐mimetic) eggs. We experimentally parasitized incubating American robins Turdus migratorius, a robust egg‐rejecter host to obligate brood parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds Molothrus ater, with mimetic or non‐mimetic model eggs. To assess the stress response, we measured the heart rate in incubating females immediately after experimental parasitism. We also measured plasma corticosterone and, in a subset of birds, used RNA‐sequencing to analyze the expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC), a precursor of adrenocorticotropic hormone, 2 h after experimental parasitism. We found that egg type had no effect on heart rate. Two hours following experimental parasitism, plasma corticosterone did not differ between the differently‐colored model egg treatments or between rejecter and accepter females within the non‐mimetic treatment. However, females exposed to non‐mimetic eggs showed an upregulation of POMC gene expression (before FDR correction) in the pituitary compared with females treated with mimetic eggs. Our findings suggest that in an egg‐rejecter host species, non‐mimetic parasitic eggs may increase the activity of the stress‐related hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis compared with mimetic eggs, although the temporal dynamics of this response are not yet understood.
Improving data embedding capacity into Base45 encoded strings
Authors: Botta Marco , Cavagnino Davide
Published: January 2023

In the context of data hiding reversible embedding of information into printable string encoded data may provide a solution to store extra bits for various applications. A previous work demonstrated how to leverage the unused configurations for Base45 and Base85 encodings to store data into files and QR‐codes. In this paper we show that adapting the encoding to the byte distribution statistics of various data and file types significantly improves the payload for Base45 encoded data like QR‐codes.
An investigation into the probability that this is the last year of the economic expansion
Authors: Keil Manfred , Leamer Edward , Li Yao
Published: January 2023

The paper finds determinants for the end of U.S. economic expansions since 1960 using a binary variable approach. Different from previous studies, we specify a left‐hand side variable that is coded as one during the year prior to NBER dated recessions rather than during recessions. We thereby avoid confounding the occurrence of a recession with its length. We limit the sample by excluding recession periods and the recovery months during the subsequent expansions. This eliminates contamination of the conclusions by taking out observations for which subsequent recessions are unlikely. The resulting specification with the interest rate spread as a predictor outperforms the traditionally used equation and is robust against alternative specifications regarding the warning period.
Eligibility criteria to cisplatin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Egyptian expert opinion
Authors: Abdulla Mohamed , Belal Abdel Aziz , Sakr Amr , El Arab Lobna E. , Mokhtar Mohsen , Allahloubi Nasr , Ghali Ramy , Hashem Tarek , Arafat Waleed
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The use of cisplatin in clinical practice in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is limited by its toxicity and acquired resistance, which makes the decision‐making process of its prescription multifactorial.

Methods

An Egyptian expert panel (comprising nine Egyptian oncologists) meeting was held after a comprehensive literature review on the use of cisplatin in HNSCC. The panel aimed to develop a consensus on evidence‐based recommendations for receiving cisplatin in the chemoradiotherapy management of HNSCC in Egyptian clinical practice.

Results

The panel indicated that an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) > 2, creatinine clearance (CCR) < 50 ml/min, neuropathy grade ≥ 2, pre‐existing hearing loss or tinnitus ≥2, hematological problems (platelets < 100,000/mm3, neutrophils < 1500/mm, and hemoglobin < 9 g/dl), and heart failure of New York Heart Association Classes III or IV (even if cardiovascular therapy is optimized); are all absolute contraindications to receiving cisplatin. On the other hand, relative contraindications to cisplatin according to the panel were an ECOG PS of 2, age more than 70 years, CCR between 50 and 60 ml/min, grade 1 neuropathy, grade 1 hearing loss, involuntary weight loss of ≥20% of body weight, Child–Pugh Scores B and C, previous induction chemotherapy, and heart failure of New York Heart Association Classes I or II with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤50%. The panel agreed that the socioeconomic status of patients should be considered when prescribing cisplatin to HNSCC patients.

Conclusion

Our discussion resulted in a set of evidence‐based recommendations for cisplatin eligibility criteria in patients of HNSCC in Egypt.
The correlation of Th22 and regulatory T cells with Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with chronic gastritis
Authors: Yao Biyu , Xu Xiaoyan , Liu Weijie , Zhang Qin , Wang Wei , Huang Zhiming
Published: January 2023

Objective

Helicobacter pylori is planted in the human stomach and is the most common cause of chronic gastritis, which produced specific local and systemic humoral immunity, while the associations of these immune responses and H. pylori in the development of chronic gastritis remain unclear.

Methods

This study analyzed histology, the number of Th22 and regulatory T (Treg) cells, and the levels of inflammation‐ and gastritis‐related indicators between 22 H. pylori‐infected and 24 non‐H. pylori‐infected chronic gastritis patients by hematoxylin‐eosin staining, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and flow cytometry analysis.

Results

This study found that the pathological damage degree of gastric mucosa in H. pylori infection patients was more serious. In the H. pylori‐infected patient serum, the gastrin, G‐17, interleukins (IL)‐22, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐4, and IL‐17A levels were notably raised, while the interferon (IFN)‐γ level was inhibited, and in gastric mucosa, and except IFN‐γ, the IL‐22, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), TNF‐α, IL‐4, and IL‐17A mRNA levels were raised too. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicates serum IL‐22, TGF‐β, TNF‐α, IL‐4, and IL‐17A are suitable for differential diagnosis of H. pylori infection. In addition, in the peripheral blood, the percentages of the IL‐22+ CD4+ and Foxp3+ CD4+ T cells were raised with H. pylori infection. The positive correlation between IL‐22 and Foxp3 mRNA levels and the degree of H. pylori colonization and gastric mucositis by Pearson's correlation analysis.

Conclusions

Treg and Th22 cells were positively associated with the degree of H. pylori infection and the severity of gastritis. In summary, this study provides an experimental basis for the study of the eradication of H. pylori and the biological mechanism of chronic gastritis.
Trends in incidence rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas overall and by potential relatedness to human papillomavirus, Costa Rica 2006 to 2015
Authors: Carvajal Loretto J. , Shing Jaimie Z. , Vanegas Juan C. , González Emmanuel , Guillén Diego , Sierra Mónica S. , Hildesheim Allan , Porras Carolina , Herrero Rolando , Torres Guillermo , Shiels Meredith S. , Calderón Alejandro , Kreimer Aimée R.
Published: January 2023

In Costa Rica (CR), only one report on head and neck cancer (HNC) incidence trends (1985‐2007) has been published and no investigations on the epidemiology of potentially human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related and HPV‐unrelated HNCs have been done. We examined the age‐standardized incidence rates (IRs) and trends of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and compared incidence trends of potentially HPV‐related and HPV‐unrelated HNSCCs. We obtained all available HNC cases for the period 2006‐2015 from the Costa Rican National Cancer Registry of Tumors and the population estimates from the Costa Rican National Institute of Statistics and Census. The analysis was restricted to invasive HNSCCs (n = 1577). IRs and incidence rate ratios were calculated using SEER*Stat software and were age‐standardized for the 2010 Costa Rican population. Joinpoint regression analysis program was used to calculate trends and annual percent changes (APCs) in rates. For all HNSCCs, the age‐standardized IR was 34.0/million person‐years; 95% CI 32.4, 35.8. There was a significant decline in the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer (APC: −5.9% per year; 95% CI −10.8, −0.7) and laryngeal cancer (APC: −5.4% per year; −9.2, 1.5). The incidence trends for hypopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancers each remained stable over time. HNSCCs were categorized by their potential relatedness to HPV infection. Though the APCs were not statistically significant, IRs of potentially HPV‐related HNSCCs trended upward, while HPV‐unrelated HNSCCs trended downward. HNSCCs are uncommon in CR and decreased over time. We observed a divergent pattern of decreasing HPV‐unrelated with increasing HPV‐related HNSCCs that should be further informed by HPV genotyping tumor samples.
A 5‐year comparative study of efficacy and acceptability of three different sizes of TCu380Ag and TCu380A intrauterine devices
Authors: Bhatla Neerja , Sehgal Rohini , Konar Hiralal , Vivekanand Achanta , Kriplani Alka , Vanamail Perumal , Purandare C. N.
Published: January 2023

Background

The intrauterine contraceptive device TCu380Ag when compared with TCu380A at 1 year of use had better acceptability and continuation rates.

Objectives

To study the continuation rate, efficacy, and acceptability of TCu380Ag in three sizes versus TCu380A at 5 years of use.

Methods

A total of 600 women opting for intrauterine contraceptive devices were randomized equally into two groups. Group 1 received the TCu380Ag device (Normal, Maxi, and Mini for uterocervical length 7–8.5 cm, 8–9 cm, and 6–7.5 cm, respectively) and Group 2 received the TCu380A device. Follow‐up was performed at 5 years to assess efficacy, acceptability, and continuation. Frequency data comparisons was performed across categories using χ2/Fisher exact test.

Results

At 5 years of use, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that TCu380Ag compared with TCu380A had a higher continuation rate (45% vs. 35%, P = 0.010) with 100% efficacy each. TCu380Ag had fewer side effects, including heavy menstrual bleeding (16.6% vs. 34.1%, P < 0.001), abdomen pain (12.1% vs. 23.0%, P = 0.001), and expulsions (4.4% vs. 8.7%, P < 0.050), and fewer discontinuations attributable to contraceptive side effects (42.7% vs. 56.9%, P = 0.012). The mini TCu380Ag had the highest continuation rates and least menstrual irregularity (P < 0.050).

Conclusions

The TCu380Ag device in three sizes is an alternative to TCu380A for women desiring 5 years of contraception with equal efficacy, better continuation, and acceptability. The mini size is preferred for women with a uterocervical length of 6 to 7.5 cm.
Effects of exogenous melatonin on body mass and thermogenesis in red‐backed vole (Eothenomys miletus) between Kunming and Dali regions
Authors: Chen Hui‐Bao , Jia Ting , Wang Zheng‐Kun , Zhu Wan‐Long
Published: January 2023

Melatonin (MEL) is an indole hormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland at night, which is involved in the regulation of body mass and thermogenesis in small mammals. To test the effects of exogenous MEL on body mass and thermogenic ability in two different red‐backed vole (Eothenomys miletus) populations from two different regions (Kunming [KM] and Dali [DL]) with different annual variation in climatic variables, such as temperature, sunshine and rainfall. we traced the changes of energy balance in E. miletus from KM and DL, which were placed at 25 ± 1°C with photoperiod of 12 L:12 D, intraperitoneal injection of MEL was performed daily for 28 days. The results showed that body mass and food intake were significantly decreased, while resting metabolic rate (RMR) and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) were significantly increased after MEL injection; Contents of total protein, mitochondrial protein, the activities of cytochrome C oxidase (COX) and α‐glycerophosphate oxidase (α‐PGO) in liver and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were enhanced; the activity of thyroxin 5′‐deiodinase (T45′‐DII) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in BAT were also increased. Serum leptin, triiodothyronine (T3) levels and T3/T4 ratio were significantly increased, thyroxine (T4) levels was significantly decreased. Moreover, body mass and food intake in E. miletus from KM were higher than those from DL, but RMR and NST were lower than those from DL. Changes of body mass, food intake and thermogenic activity of KM were higher than those of DL when exposed to injection of MEL, indicating that E. miletus in KM were more sensitive to MEL. Furthermore, MEL was involved in the regulation of body mass and thermogenesis in E. miletus between KM and DL.
Five strategies on writing research papers for beginners and young general medicine doctors
Authors: Miyagami Taiju , Ishizuka Kosuke , Harada Taku , Nagano Hiroyuki , Otsuka Yuki , Kumakawa Tomoko , Yamashita Shun
Published: January 2023

We propose five important strategies for young generalists to write original research and papers. We hope that even beginners will understand and practice these five strategies, and help young generalist to write research papers based on clinical questions that arise in their daily practice.