bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CSA och socialpolitiken kring sekelskiftet 1900
Authors: Qvarsell Roger
Published: October 2020

Fattigdom, bostadsbrist och sjuklighet var några av de sociala problem som utmärkte tiden kring sekelskiftet 1900. Genom bildandet av Centralförbundet för socialt arbete samlades tidens sociala reformivrare i en gemensam strävan att utveckla det sociala arbetet och påverka den allmänna socialpolitiken.
Kvinnor och socialt arbete - vid övergången från filantropi till profession
Authors: Kollind Anna-Karin
Published: October 2020

Professionaliseringen av socialt arbete inleddes vid tiden kring det förra sekelskiftet.  Artikeln skildrar ett kapitel i denna historia. I blickpunkten står tre kvinnors samfällda aktiviteter i stugrörelsen, på hemgårdarna, vid etableringen av socialt arbete i industrin samt i arbetet med en ny fackutbildning för socialt arbete. Förbindelserna mellan ideella och professionella aktiviteter är påfallande.
Varför får folk socialbidrag? Analys av socialbidragstagandets bestämningsfaktorer
Authors: Halleröd Björn
Published: October 2020

Socialbidraget utgör en sista försörjningsutpost och dess omfattning är en indikator på övriga försörjningssystems tillkortakommande. Syftet är här att öka kunskapen om de faktorer som leder till bidragstagande samt i vilken grad dessa har förändrats mellan 1980- och 1990-talet. Framförallt är det arbetslösheten och i viss mån förekomsten av låga inkomster som skiljer de två årtiondena åt.
Dynamiken bakom historien om en gränsomdragande reform. Den snabba avknoppningen av Maria-enheten
Authors: Stenius Kerstin , Storbjörk Jessica
Published: October 2020

I artikeln analyseras de motiv och konﬂikter inom beroendevårdens organisation och i dess omgivning som utgjorde bakgrunden till privatiseringen av en landstingsägd missbruksenhet i Stockholm.
Från rösthörarnas värld - en analys av självbiograﬁska brev om hörselhallucinationer
Authors: Karlsson Lis Bodil
Published: October 2020

Denna studie om hörselhallucinationer fokuserar på hur fenomenet beskrivs i personliga brev från rösthörare. Den undersöker vilka språkliga konventioner som används för att gestalta ett fenomen som tenderar att patologiseras i vår kultur.
Det gäller att hushålla med kommunens resurser – biståndsbedömares syn på äldres sociala behov
Authors: Andersson Katarina
Published: October 2020

Artikelns syfte är att med stöd i ett empiriskt material analysera biståndsbedömares resonemang kring de behovsbedömningar som görs. Av analysen framkommer tydliga gemensamma riktlinjer för hur de äldres behov skall tolkas. Ekonomiska argument väger tungt. Det handlar framförallt om att hushålla med de resurser som ﬁnns i kommunen, menar bedömarna.
Implementering av en strukturerad intervju (ASI) i missbruksvård och kriminalvård
Authors: Engström Christer , Armelius Bengt-Åke
Published: October 2020

Artikeln redovisar resultatet från en nationell enkät om implementeringen av Addiction Severity Index (ASI) till 555 anställda i socialtjänsten, kriminalvården och i missbrukarvården som deltagit i en ASI-utbildning mellan år 1996 -2000. Resultatet visar att det är arbetsledare och chefer som alltmer tar initiativet till ASI-utbildningar och att implementeringens villkor skiljer sig åt beroende på var man arbetar. ASI har främst använts i det direkta klientarbetet och i liten utsträckning för uppföljning och utvärdering.
Ungdomsvård som dokusåpa
Authors: Forkby Torbjörn
Published: October 2020

I artikeln behandlas en framställning av ungdomsvård i televisionen. Författaren analyserar hur samhällsprogrammet Kalla faktas skildring av en så kallad värstingseglats har påverkats av att den inﬂuerats av en underhållningsgenre.
Privatization of Child Welfare Services in the U.S.A. Current Policy in Historical Context
Authors: Hegar Rebecca L.
Published: October 2020

This article analyses historical trends in privatization of child welfare services in the United States, including children’s homes, foster family care, and adoption. It also considers how professionalization and deprofessionalization of child welfare services have varied with shifts in the dominant auspices for the provision of social services.
Social barnavård i nya former. Om marknadsorientering inom barnavårdsarbetet
Authors: Wiklund Stefan
Published: October 2020

Vad händer när man försöker marknadsanpassa social barnavård? Den här artikeln diskuterar effekterna av införandet av en beställar-/utförarmodell och andra marknadsorienterade inslag i arbetet med utsatta barn inom socialtjänsten.
Vårdmarknad med svårigheter – om privata aktörer inom institutionsvården för barn och ungdomar
Authors: Sallnäs Marie
Published: October 2020

Allt större andel av institutionsvården för barn och ungdomar drivs i privat regi. I artikeln behandlas hur den privata vården etablerats samt hur företrädare för institutionerna beskriver sin position och sitt agerande på den vårdmarknad som uppstått.
Teknologi och pornograﬁ – om porr på nätet
Authors: Månsson Sven-Axel , Söderlind Peder
Published: October 2020

Mer än 800 000 svenskar porrsurfar på nätet. Idag använder sig pornograﬁns aktörer av de nya mediernas tekniska förutsättningar för att marknadsföra och sälja sina tjänster och produkter. Stora summor är i omlopp, men hur ser verksamheten ut bakom kulisserna? Författarna analyserar innehållet i pornograﬁn på nätet. De visar också hur nya grupper – inte minst ungdomar – involveras i de pornograﬁska nätverken. Avslutningsvis diskuteras hur man kan tolka och förstå analysens resultat i ett större samhälleligt perspektiv.
Mot en evidensbaserad praktik? - Om färdriktningen i socialt arbete
Authors: Bergmark Anders , Lundström Tommy
Published: October 2020

Under senare år har begreppet evidensbaserad praktik kommit att diskuteras flitigt inom socialt arbete. I den här artikeln analyseras bakgrunden till denna diskussion och de konkreta uttryck den hittills tagit sig i Sverige.
Organisationsförändring, omsorgsklimat och kvalitet i hemtjänsten
Authors: Ingvad Bengt , Olsson Eric , Bondesson Karin , Arndt Charlotte
Published: October 2020

Emotionellt klimat är en betydelsefull kvalitetsaspekt på människobehandlande arbete. I artikeln analyseras hur äldre personers upplevelse av klimatet i mötet med vårdbiträdet förändras när deras hemtjänst organiseras om.
Decentraliserad välfärd eller medborgerliga rättigheter? Om omfördelning av makt och ansvar mellan stat och kommun
Authors: Bergmark Åke , Minas Renate
Published: October 2020

I Sverige, liksom i övriga Europa, har det över de senaste decennierna skett en överföring av makt och ansvar från nationalstat till lokalsamhälle. Detta reser frågor om demokrati, nationellt garanterade medborgerliga rättigheter och betydelsen av kommunala variationer i välfärdstjänsternas tillgänglighet och kvalitet. I artikeln analyseras utvecklingen i Sverige under de senaste decennierna mot bakgrund av förändringar i lagstiftning och former för statlig styrning. Genomgången visar bl.a. att staten återtagit initiativet på många områden i ingången av 2000-talet och decentralisering inte längre är den entydigt dominerande trenden.
Vad hände med 1990-talets stora förlorargrupper? Välfärd och ofärd under 2000-talet
Authors: Fritzell Johan , Gähler Michael , Nermo Magnus
Published: October 2020

Kommittén Välfärdsbokslut pekade ut tre grupper som speciellt missgynnades av 1990-talets kris: ensamstående mödrar, invandrare och ungdomar. I denna artikel studerar vi hur välfärden utvecklats för dessa grupper under 2000-talets första fem år. Vi fokuserar på tre centrala välfärdsdimensioner: arbetsmarknad, ekonomi och hälsa. Resultaten pekar bland annat på en polarisering av välfärden inom dessa grupper.
Det mytologiska självskadebeteendet Könade stereotyper och idealtypiska berättelser
Authors: Ståhl Christian
Published: October 2020

Självskadebeteende betraktas genomgående som ett »tjejproblem«. Syftet med artikeln är att problematisera den utgångspunkten genom att kritiskt granska tidigare forskning i jakt på ursprunget till den stereotypa självskadaren. Femininitetsdiskursen framstår här som ett centralt element i skapandet av en identitet som självskadare.
Samhällets olycksbarn, kreatörer eller Svenssons? Modsens framtid i backspegeln
Authors: Alm Susanne , Nilsson Anders
Published: October 2020

Modsen var en ungdomskultur som på 1960-talet skrämde och oroade vuxenvärlden. I denna artikel följer vi dem som i ungdomen kallade sig mods upp i vuxen ålder. Hur gick det för dem? Fanns det fog för de vuxnas oro?
Ett hem till mer än namnet – om hem som källa till oberoende och identitet bland äldre med hemtjänst
Authors: Evertsson Lars , Johansson Stina
Published: October 2020

En grundbult i svensk äldrepolitik är möjligheten att förbli i eget boende. Hemmet betraktas som en viktig resurs för oberoende och samhällsengagemang. Intervjuerna visar dock att hemmet har en djupare innebörd. Hemmet utgör en arena och källa till oberoende och identitet. I artikeln görs gällande, att denna till synes blygsamma perspektivförskjutning – från att se hemmet som resurs till oberoende till att se det som källa för oberoende – har betydande välfärdspolitiska implikationer för hemtjänstens framtida orientering.
Ritual eller strategi – upphandlingar och ramavtal inom den sociala ungdomsvården
Authors: Forkby Torbjörn , Höjer Staffan
Published: October 2020

Mer än hälften av Sveriges kommuner har upphandlat ramavtal för att styra den sociala ungdomsvården. I denna artikel undersöks attityderna till dessa samt på vilka grunder avsteg görs från de ingångna avtalen.
En »dålig« flicka. Könskonstruktioner i berättelser om sexuella övergrepp
Authors: Carlsson Ninni
Published: October 2020

Är det tillåtet att avslöja sexuella övergrepp och vad kan hända den som gör det? I artikeln diskuteras konstruktioner av utsatta flickor och kvinnor, och kvinnors tolkningar av utrymmet att tala, före och med början vid de svenska sexualbrottsdebatterna.
Rasisme og diskriminering: komplekse begrep med mange innhold
Authors: Vist Gunnhild
Published: October 2020

I denne studien har ungdom formidlet forståelser av rasisme og diskriminering som noe likt og ulikt, komplekst og relasjonelt. Ungdommenes uttrykk og refleksjoner bidrar til å sette fokus på at debatter og videre forskning på disse temaene i større grad bør tematisere at rasisme og diskriminering forstås svært forskjellig. I tillegg kan det være behov for å bringe inn aspekter knyttet til makt og anerkjennelse.
Utsatta barn i familjerättsprocesser: utredares bemötanden och barns strategier
Authors: Eriksson Maria , Näsman Elisabet
Published: October 2020

Sedan början av 1990-talet har en rad förändringar i lagstiftningen genomförts för att stärka barns rätt att komma till tals i familjerättsliga tvister. Hur tillämpas lagstiftarens krav på delaktighet för barn i fall där barnen har en utsatt situation, som när pappa utövat våld mot mamma?
Hälsoprofessioner: Teoretiska perspektiv och forskningstrender
Authors: Riska Elianne
Published: October 2020

Professionsforskningen kännetecknas av olika teoretiska tolkningar. Denna artikel ger en översikt av de mest framträdande teoretiska tolkningarna om hälsoprofessionernas ställning och arbete. Den ger dessutom ett genusperspektiv på hälsoprofessioner och en vision om framtida forskning under globalisering.
Debatt: Både insats och relation spelar roll
Authors: Sundell Knut
Published: October 2020

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Integrerade etiologiska analyser och drogprevention
Authors: Karlsson Patrik
Published: October 2020

Vikten av etiologisk forskning lyfts ofta fram inom drogpreventionen. I artikeln diskuteras den centrala roll som en etiologisk syntes av två olika synsätt på ungdomars droganvändande skulle ha för att utveckla området. Förslag på upplägg på empiriska studier som testar detta diskuteras och centrala metodologiska aspekter berörs.
Skam, maskulinitet och respons på mäns våld mot kvinnor
Authors: Gottzén Lucas
Published: October 2020

Artikeln analyserar hur män som utövat våld mot kvinnor berättar om sitt våld för andra. Männen upplever våldet som skambelagt och är rädda för det sociala nätverkets respons. För att hantera ett förmodat förskjutande använder de sig av narrativa strategier som fördömer våldet samtidigt som mannen därigenom gör sig själv begriplig.
Sill och potatis till den ena och entrecote till den andra? Individanpassning och likvärdighet på särskilda boenden för äldre
Authors: Harnett Tove , Jönson Håkan
Published: October 2020

Enligt socialtjänstlagen ska äldreomsorgen vara individanpassad och ges utifrån den enskildes behov. Samma lag innehåller ett mål om att socialtjänsten ska främja medborgarnas jämlikhet i levnadsvillkor och kommunallagen anger att kommunen ska behandla sina invånare lika. I denna artikel problematiseras idéer om individanpassning och likvärdig behandling. Dessa olika målsättningar skapar spänningar som får en särskild karaktär på äldreboenden, där måltider och andra aktiviteter ofta genomförs tillsammans med andra och där personalens tid delas mellan de boende.
Vardagens kontraktualisering Om individuella genomförandeplaner i äldreomsorgen
Authors: Hedlund David
Published: October 2020

Individuella genomförandeplaner är en typ av plan på individnivå som blivit vanliga inom välfärdssektorn under de senaste femton åren. I den här artikeln betraktas individuella genomförandeplaner som ett försök att detaljreglera och ”kontraktualisera” den vardagshjälp som tillhandahålls inom äldreomsorgen. Studien visar att de skillnader som finns mellan olika planers form och innehåll inte fångar olikheter i omsorgstagarens behov och att det finns en skillnad mellan den omsorg som beskrivs i dokumenten och den omsorg som faktiskt utförs.
Får jag inte bestämma något själv? En studie av kvarstående beslutanderätt hos dementa äldre
Authors: Ryrstedt Eva
Published: October 2020

Denna studie behandlar vilken kvarstående beslutanderätt en äldre dement person med en kognitiv funktionsnedsättning har, när en ställföreträdare som kan handla utan den äldre dementas samtycke, är förordnad. Studien omfattar både rättshandlingar och andra beslut.
Debatt: Nej till åldersbegränsningen av mänskliga rättigheter! Ja till personlig assistans efter behov inte ålder!
Authors: Ratzka Adolf
Published: October 2020

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Nya avhandlingar: Hjälp att bevara eller förändra? Åldersrelaterade diskurser om omsorg, stöd och service
Authors: Jönson Håkan
Published: October 2020

Sara Erlandsson, Akademisk avhandling, Rapport i socialt arbete 145. Institutionen för socialt arbete, Stockholms universitet, 2014.
Likvärdighet och äldreomsorg – en introduktion
Authors: Jönsson Håkan , Matisson Titti
Published: October 2020

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En domänteori för organisering av socialt arbete i offentlig sektor
Authors: Morén Stefan , Perlinski Marek , Blom Björn
Published: October 2020

A domain theory for the organization of social work in the public sector The article presents outlines of a domain theory for the organization of social work in the public sector. e aim is to describe – from a Nordic perspective – how social workers’ professional prac- tice is shaped by local level politics and administration, and how such shaping processes at the local level are conditioned and controlled by general structural and institutional conditions at the national and international level. We argue that public sector arenas for social work are constituted by three domains with different tasks and logics, yet interconnected and interdependent: the policy domain, the domain of administration and the profession’s domain. Organizations at the local level – constituted by the three domains and their respective logics – are, in turn, conditioned by a fourth domain: the domain of institutional conditions. The latter domain is about control ideals, norms, knowledge, epistemological approaches and technologies prevailing in society, legitimized and disseminated by central institutions that affect how local level organizations operate.
Välfärdsstatens manifesta och latenta problem med den ökande psykosociala ohälsan i arbetslivet
Authors: Michailakis Dimitris , Schirmer Werner
Published: October 2020

The welfare state’s manifest and latent problems with the increasing psychosocial illness in working life This article describes how the debate on psychosocial illness in working life generates manifest and latent problems for the welfare state. Psychosocial illness in working life generates claims and expectations of compensation and interventions directed at the welfare state. Drawing on a systems-theoretical framework, the article argues that the welfare state cannot fulfil these expectations because the enormous complexity and the plurality of factors underlying psychosocial illness makes simple and effective solutions impossible. The causal relations are numerous, diffuse and diffcult to isolate. Next to this manifest problem, the fact that effective regulatory measures are hardly possible creates a latent problem for the welfare state. Despite its powerlessness, the state needs to maintain its self-description as a problem-solving instance. However, the diffuse and ambiguous causal relations underlying psychosocial illness in working life can be transformed into a resource for the welfare state. Precisely this diffuseness and ambiguity increases the discretionary power and capability for action to deal with the claims and expectations of compensation in a way that protects the self-description despite the inability to solve the manifest social problem. If there is a multitude of possible causal explanations depending on how the problem is framed, and given that each causal explanation imposes its own solutions, the state can treat the ambiguous causalities that research findings offer as a smorgasbord for its own purposes. The state can choose among the causes those interventions that seem most appropriate to solve the latent problem: the protection of the welfare state’s self-description as a problem-solving, caring institution with capability for action. Because the argument is complex, the article provides a detailed introduction of the systems-theoretical concepts. Furthermore, the argument is illustrated with the help of the case of the working milieu of school in suburbs with high degrees of ethnic diversity.
The Effects of Frequency and Duration of Handling on the Development of Feline Upper Respiratory Infections in a Shelter Setting
Authors: Burns Charlotte C. , Redding Laurel E. , Watson Brittany
Published: October 2020

Reducing stress is important to maintaining the health of shelter cats and decreasing the risk of upper respiratory disease (URD). The aim of this study was to determine if the frequency and/or duration of daily routine handling of shelter cats affects the likelihood of URD development. At a closed admission shelter, each cat free of URD on intake was given a cage card for recording handling data. These data included: date and times when the cat was handled, duration of handling, if and when the cat developed signs of URD, and the handler identity. Cox regression was used to determine the relationship between these factors and URD development. We found cats that did not develop URD were handled significantly more than cats that did (1.1 times per day vs. 0.7 times per day, p < 0.001). Increased frequency of handling had a borderline significant effect on the hazard of developing URD (HR 0.37; CI: 0.13–1.1; p = 0.066). No other parameters were significantly associated with the development of URD; however, small sample size may be responsible for this finding. A larger study is needed to elucidate the relationship between handling and URD development.
Heart Rate Variability and Electrocardiographic Parameters Predictive of Arrhythmias in Dogs with Stage IV Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Intermittent Haemodialysis
Authors: Alfonso Angélica , Le Sueur André N. V. , Geraldes Silvano S. , Guimarães-Okamoto Priscylla T. C. , Tsunemi Miriam H. , Santana Daniela F. , Ribeiro Victor R. F. , Melchert Alessandra , Chiacchio Simone B. , Lourenço Maria Lucia G.
Published: October 2020

Intermittent haemodialysis (IHD) is used in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to reduce azotaemia. Monitoring the cardiovascular system plays an important role in this treatment to detect cardiovascular repercussions. Heart rate variability (HRV) and dispersions of the QT interval and P wave are important markers for mortality risk in humans. This study aimed to describe the time-domain and frequency-domain heart rate variability indexes, P and QT dispersions and electrocardiographic alterations observed in dogs with Stage IV CKD undergoing IHD. Thirty dogs of both sexes, of varying ages and breeds, and weighing between 15 and 30 kg were used. Animals were divided into three groups, control (10 healthy dogs), clinical treatment (10 dogs with CKD IV submitted to clinical treatment twice a week) and IHD (10 dogs with CKD IV submitted to clinical treatment and to dialysis treatment with intermittent haemodialysis twice a week). Clinical, laboratory, HRV indexes and electrocardiographic parameters, as well as QT and P-wave dispersions, were assessed in both CKD groups, prior to and after the end of each clinical treatment/IHD session during the first three sessions. Dogs with CKD IV undergoing IHD had clinically important electrolyte imbalances, primarily hypokalaemia, and pertinent electrocardiographic findings, such as the occurrence of supraventricular arrhythmias and increases in possible predictive parameters for arrhythmias. In spite of these observations, HRV indexes were better in animals undergoing haemodialysis and, in addition, IHD was more effective at reducing levels of creatinine, urea and phosphorus compared to intravenous fluid therapy treatment.
Anticancer Properties of Carnosol: A Summary of In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence
Authors: O’Neill Eric J. , Den Hartogh Danja J. , Azizi Karim , Tsiani Evangelia
Published: October 2020

Cancer is characterized by unrestricted cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, enhanced invasion and migration, and deregulation of signalling cascades. These properties lead to uncontrolled growth, enhanced survival, and the formation of tumours. Carnosol, a naturally occurring phyto-polyphenol (diterpene) found in rosemary, has been studied for its extensive antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In cancer cells, carnosol has been demonstrated to inhibit cell proliferation and survival, reduce migration and invasion, and significantly enhance apoptosis. These anticancer effects of carnosol are mediated by the inhibition of several signalling molecules including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), Akt, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Additionally, carnosol prevents the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and promotes apoptosis, as indicated by increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, -8, -9, increased levels of the pro-apoptotic marker Bcl-2-associated X (BAX), and reduced levels of the anti-apoptotic marker B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). The current review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo evidence examining the anticancer effects of carnosol across various tissues.
Comparison of Physicochemical, Functional and Nutritional Properties between Proteins of Soybean and a Novel Mixture of Soybean-Maize
Authors: Soria-Hernández Cintya G. , Serna-Saldívar Sergio O. , Chuck-Hernández Cristina
Published: October 2020

Vegetable proteins are potential low-cost alternatives to solve the protein deficiency of the world population. A protein extracted from a mixture of soybean meal and maize germ was developed to offer more protein alternatives with high nutritional value. In this study, physicochemical, functional, and nutritional characteristics of isolates and hydrolysates of soybean and counterparts extracted from a soybean meal-maize germ were compared. The isolate and hydrolysate of the soybean-maize blend had a protein content of 93.9% and 73.6%, respectively. These protein mixtures contained 10% and 52% more solubility, 303.9%, and 22.7% more emulsifying capacity, 4.5% and 4.2% higher foam density and 36.3% and 1.2% more coagulation capacity compared to the soybean isolate and hydrolysate. Electrophoretic profiles of soybean-maize proteins showed four additional bands to the typical soybean pattern of 56, 55, 52 and 18 kDa, which could correspond to globulins and zeins from maize. The isolate extracted from the mixture of soybean meal and maize is a new alternative to provide the necessary amino acids for proper physical and mental development. Additionally, it has a high potential to be used as an ingredient by the food industry due to its excellent functionality and nutritional value.
Development and Application of a Human–Machine Interface Using Head Control and Flexible Numeric Tables for the Severely Disabled
Authors: Chang Che-Ming , Lin Chern-Sheng , Chen Wei-Cheng , Chen Chung-Ting , Hsu Yu-Liang
Published: October 2020

The human–machine interface with head control can be applied in many domains. This technology has the valuable application of helping people who cannot use their hands, enabling them to use a computer or speak. This study combines several image processing and computer vision technologies, a digital camera, and software to develop the following system: image processing technologies are adopted to capture the features of head motion; the recognized head gestures include forward, upward, downward, leftward, rightward, right-upper, right-lower, left-upper, and left-lower; corresponding sound modules are used so that patients can communicate with others through a phonetic system and numeric tables. Innovative skin color recognition technology can obtain head features in images. The barycenter of pixels in the feature area is then quickly calculated, and the offset of the barycenter is observed to judge the direction of head motion. This architecture can substantially reduce the distraction of non-targeted objects and enhance the accuracy of systematic judgment.
Photodynamic Activation of Cholecystokinin 1 Receptor with Different Genetically Encoded Protein Photosensitizers and from Varied Subcellular Sites
Authors: Li Yuan , Cui Zong Jie
Published: October 2020

Cholecystokinin 1 receptor (CCK1R) is activated by singlet oxygen (1O2) generated in photodynamic action with sulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine (SALPC) or genetically encoded protein photosensitizer (GEPP) KillerRed or mini singlet oxygen generator (miniSOG). A large number of GEPP with varied 1O2 quantum yields have appeared recently; therefore, in the present work, the efficacy of different GEPP to photodynamically activate CCK1R was examined, as monitored by Fura-2 calcium imaging. KillerRed, miniSOG, miniSOG2, singlet oxygen protein photosensitizer (SOPP), flavin-binding fluorescent protein from Methylobacterium radiotolerans with point mutation C71G (Mr4511C71G), and flavin-binding fluorescent protein from Dinoroseobacter shibae (DsFbFP) were expressed at the plasma membrane (PM) in AR4-2J cells, which express endogenous CCK1R. Light irradiation (KillerRed: white light 85.3 mW‧cm−2, 4’ and all others: LED 450 nm, 85 mW·cm−2, 1.5′) of GEPPPM-expressing AR4-2J was found to all trigger persistent calcium oscillations, a hallmark of permanent photodynamic CCK1R activation; DsFbFP was the least effective, due to poor expression. miniSOG was targeted to PM, mitochondria (MT) or lysosomes (LS) in AR4-2J in parallel experiments; LED light irradiation was found to all induce persistent calcium oscillations. In miniSOGPM-AR4-2J cells, light emitting diode (LED) light irradiation-induced calcium oscillations were readily inhibited by CCK1R antagonist devazepide 2 nM; miniSOGMT-AR4-2J cells were less susceptible, but miniSOGLS-AR4-2J cells were not inhibited. In conclusion, different GEPPPM could all photodynamically activate CCK1R. Intracellular GEPP photodynamic action may prove particularly suited to study intracellular GPCR.
Pharmaceutical Efficacy of Gypenoside LXXV on Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
Authors: Lee Jin Ha , Oh Ji Young , Kim Soo Hyun , Oh In Jeong , Lee Yong-ho , Lee Keun Woo , Lee Woong Hee , Kim Jeong-Hwan
Published: October 2020

Ginsenosides have offered a wide array of beneficial roles in the pharmacological regulation of hepatic metabolic syndromes, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and obesity. Of the numerous ginsenosides, Rg3 has been widely investigated, but there have been few studies of gypenosides (Gyp). Particularly, no study on Gyp LXXV has been reported to date. Here, to firstly explore the pharmacological effects of Gyp LXXV against NASH and the related mechanism, methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH mice and hepatic cells (stellate cells, hepatic macrophages, and hepatocytes) were selected. Gyp LXXV exhibited markedly alleviated MCD diet-induced hepatic injury, inflammation, and fibrosis by down-regulating hepatic fibrosis markers such as α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), collagen1, transforming growth factors-β (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MCP-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, nuclear factor κB (NFκB), and GRP78. Remarkably, histopathological studies confirmed that 15 mg/kg of Gyp LXXV administration to MCD diet-induced mice led to effective prevention of liver injury, lipid accumulation, and activation of hepatic macrophages, indicating that Gyp LXXV might be a potential anti-NASH drug.
Multiple Myeloma: An Overview of the Current and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in 2020
Authors: Bobin Arthur , Liuu Evelyne , Moya Niels , Gruchet Cécile , Sabirou Florence , Lévy Anthony , Gardeney Hélène , Nsiala Laly , Cailly Laura , Guidez Stéphanie , Tomowiak Cécile , Systchenko Thomas , Javaugue Vincent , Durand Géraldine , Leleu Xavier , Puyade Mathieu
Published: October 2020

The survival rate of multiple myeloma (MM) patients has drastically increased recently as a result of the wide treatment options now available. Younger patients truly benefit from these innovations as they can support more intensive treatment, such as autologous stem cell transplant or multiple drug association (triplet, quadruplet). The emergence of immunotherapy allowed new combinations principally based on monoclonal anti-CD38 antibodies for these patients. Still, the optimal induction treatment has not been found yet. While consolidation is still debated, maintenance treatment is now well acknowledged to prolong survival. Lenalidomide monotherapy is the only drug approved in that setting, but many innovations are expected. Older patients, now logically named not transplant-eligible, also took advantage of these breakthrough innovations as most of the recent drugs have a more acceptable safety profile than previous cytotoxic agents. For this heterogenous subgroup, geriatric assessment has become an essential tool to identify frail patients and provide tailored strategies. At relapse, options are now numerous, especially for patients who were not treated with lenalidomide, or not refractory at least. Concerning lenalidomide refractory patients, approved combinations are lacking, but many trials are ongoing to fill that space. Moreover, innovative therapeutics are increasingly being developed with modern immunotherapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T cells), bispecific antibodies, or antibody–drug conjugates. For now, these treatments are usually reserved to heavily pre-treated patients with a poor outcome. MM drug classes have tremendously extended from historical alkylating agents to current dominant associations with proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and monoclonal anti-CD38/anti SLAMF7 antibodies. Plus, in only a couple of years, several new classes will enter the MM armamentarium, such as cereblon E3 ligase modulators (CELMoDs), selective inhibitors of nuclear export, and peptide–drug conjugates. Among the questions that will need to be answered in the years to come is the position of these new treatments in the therapeutic strategy, as well as the role of minimal residual disease-driven strategies which will be a key issue to elucidate. Through this review, we chose to enumerate and comment on the most recent advances in MM therapeutics which have undergone major transformations over the past decade.
Sb-Containing Metal Oxide Catalysts for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3
Authors: Xu Qian , Liu Dandan , Wang Chuchu , Zhan Wangcheng , Guo Yanglong , Guo Yun , Wang Li , Ke Qingping , Ha Minh Ngoc
Published: October 2020

Sb-containing catalysts (SbZrOx (SbZr), SbCeOx (SbCe), SbCeZrOx (SbCeZr)) were prepared by citric acid method and investigated for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR). SbCeZr outperformed SbZr and SbCe and exhibited the highest activity with 80% NO conversion in the temperature window of 202–422 °C. Meanwhile, it also had good thermal stability and resistance against H2O and SO2. Various characterization methods, such as XRD, XPS, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT), were applied to understand their different behavior in NOx removal. The presence of Sb in the metal oxides led to the difference in acid distribution and redox property, which closely related with the NH3 adsorption and NO oxidation. Brønsted acid and Lewis acid were evenly distributed on SbCe, while Brønsted acid dominated on SbCeZr. Compared with Brønsted acid, Lewis acid was slightly active in NH3-SCR. The competition between NH3 adsorption and NO oxidation was dependent on SbOx and metal oxides, which were found on SbCe while not on SbCeZr.
Premature Vascular Aging with Features of Plaque Vulnerability in an Atheroprone Mouse Model of Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome with Ldlr Deficiency
Authors: Nevado Rosa M. , Hamczyk Magda R. , Gonzalo Pilar , Andrés-Manzano María Jesús , Andrés Vicente
Published: October 2020

Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is among the most devastating of the laminopathies, rare genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding nuclear lamina proteins. HGPS patients age prematurely and die in adolescence, typically of atherosclerosis-associated complications. The mechanisms of HGPS-related atherosclerosis are not fully understood due to the scarcity of patient-derived samples and the availability of only one atheroprone mouse model of the disease. Here, we generated a new atherosusceptible model of HGPS by crossing progeroid LmnaG609G/G609G mice, which carry a disease-causing mutation in the Lmna gene, with Ldlr−/− mice, a commonly used preclinical atherosclerosis model. Ldlr−/−LmnaG609G/G609G mice aged prematurely and had reduced body weight and survival. Compared with control mice, Ldlr−/−LmnaG609G/G609G mouse aortas showed a higher atherosclerosis burden and structural abnormalities typical of HGPS patients, including vascular smooth muscle cell depletion in the media, adventitial thickening, and elastin structure alterations. Atheromas of Ldlr−/−LmnaG609G/G609G mice had features of unstable plaques, including the presence of erythrocytes and iron deposits and reduced smooth muscle cell and collagen content. Ldlr−/−LmnaG609G/G609G mice faithfully recapitulate vascular features found in patients and thus provide a new tool for studying the mechanisms of HGPS-related atherosclerosis and for testing therapies.
An Assessment of the Influence of Host Species, Age, and Thallus Part on Kelp-Associated Diatoms
Authors: Mayombo Ntambwe Albert Serge , Majewska Roksana , Smit Albertus J.
Published: October 2020

Diatom community composition and abundances on different thallus parts of adult and juvenile specimens of Eckloniamaxima and Laminariapallida were examined in False Bay, South Africa, using light and scanning electron microscopy. Altogether, 288 thallus portions were analysed. Diatom abundances ranged from 0 to 404 cells mm−2 and were generally higher on E. maxima and juvenile thalli than L. pallida and adult specimens. Moreover, diatom abundances differed between the various thallus parts, being highest on the upper blade and lowest on the primary blade. A total of 48 diatom taxa belonging to 28 genera were found. Gomphoseptatum Medlin, Nagumoea Witkowski and Kociolek, Cocconeis Ehrenberg, and Navicula Bory were the most frequently occurring genera, being present in 84%, 65%, 62.5%, and 45% of the analysed samples, respectively. Among these, Cocconeis and Gomphoseptatum were the most abundant, contributing 50% and 27% of total diatom cells counted collectively across all samples. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed that all investigated main factors (kelp species and age and thallus part), as well as their two- and three-way interactions, except for the interaction between the host species and age, were significant. The high residual variance (72%) indicated that the sum of other unexamined factors contributed the largest component of the variation observed in the kelp-associated diatom communities, and grazing and possible defence strategies utilised by kelps are proposed as processes playing an important role in the structuring of epiphytic diatom communities. Possible endophytism of tissue-boring diatoms colonizing both kelp species is briefly discussed.
Chromatin Interaction Changes during the iPSC-NPC Model to Facilitate the Study of Biologically Significant Genes Involved in Differentiation
Authors: Choi Won-Young , Hwang Ji-Hyun , Lee Jin-Young , Cho Ann-Na , Lee Andrew J , Jung Inkyung , Cho Seung-Woo , Kim Lark Kyun , Kim Young-Joon
Published: October 2020

Given the difficulties of obtaining diseased cells, differentiation of neurons from patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with neural progenitor cells (NPCs) as intermediate precursors is of great interest. While cellular and transcriptomic changes during the differentiation process have been tracked, little attention has been given to examining spatial re-organization, which has been revealed to control gene regulation in various cells. To address the regulatory mechanism by 3D chromatin structure during neuronal differentiation, we examined the changes that take place during differentiation process using two cell types that are highly valued in the study of neurodegenerative disease - iPSCs and NPCs. In our study, we used Hi-C, a derivative of chromosome conformation capture that enables unbiased, genome-wide analysis of interaction frequencies in chromatin. We showed that while topologically associated domains remained mostly the same during differentiation, the presence of differential interacting regions in both cell types suggested that spatial organization affects gene regulation of both pluripotency maintenance and neuroectodermal differentiation. Moreover, closer analysis of promoter–promoter pairs suggested that cell fate specification is under the control of cis-regulatory elements. Our results are thus a resourceful addition in benchmarking differentiation protocols and also provide a greater appreciation of NPCs, the common precursors from which required neurons for applications in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia and spinal cord injuries are utilized.
Risk Management in the New Frontier of Professional Liability for Nosocomial Infection: Review of the Literature on Mycobacterium Chimaera
Authors: Bolcato Matteo , Rodriguez Daniele , Aprile Anna
Published: October 2020

Background: Mycobacterium chimaera (MC) is of recent origin and belongs to the large family of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. In recent years, it has shown a high infectious capacity via the aerosol produced by operating room equipment, such as heater–cooler units (HCU). The infection has a long latent period and high mortality rate. Genetic and epidemiological studies have shown that there is a clear link between the infection and a specific HCU model manufactured by LivaNova/Sorin. There is, therefore, a strong possibility that contamination occurs during device construction. The objective of this article is to describe the characteristics of this particular infection in view of the medico–legal implications on professional liability, specifically focusing on current evidence regarding contamination prevention. Methods: we have analyzed the clinical characteristics and data from the autopsic investigations performed on a patient who died as a result of MC infection, in addition to analyzing all pertinent recommendation documents available internationally. We searched for all articles in the literature available on MEDLINE between 1995 and 30 July 2020, using the search words “Mycobacterium chimaera”. We then analyzed those articles and reported only those that provide useful information regarding prevention techniques for containing dissemination and contamination. Results: the literature review produced 169 results that highlight the need to develop systems to mitigate and eliminate the risk of MC infection in operating rooms such as physical containment measures, e.g. device replacement, use of safe water, providing patients with information, and training healthcare professionals. Conclusions: from a medico–legal viewpoint, this particular situation represents a new frontier of professional liability, which includes manufacturers of electromedical equipment. In order to comprehend the true extent of this silent global epidemic, the development of an organic, preventative monitoring system is essential.
The Association between Esports Participation, Health and Physical Activity Behaviour
Authors: Trotter Michael G , Coulter Tristan J. , Davis Paul A , Poulus Dylan R , Polman Remco
Published: October 2020

We investigated the association between obesity, self-reported physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and perceived health in esports players, and the influence of player in-game rank. Data was collected with an online survey with an international participant sample of esports players representing five esports and all skill levels (n = 1772). Esports players were more likely to be categorized as normal weight, or obesity class 2 and 3 and as non-smokers (92%) and non-drinkers (65.1%) compared to international reference data. Esports players met international physical activity guidelines less than global general population. Esports players ranked in the top 10% were more physically active compared to the remaining esports players. As esports player in-game rank increased, so did the amount of time spent playing esports. Although esports players appear generally healthy, a small group was significantly obese and most esports players did not meet physical activity guidelines, indicating potential future health risks.
Maladaptive Rumination Mediates the Relationship between Self-Esteem, Perfectionism, and Work Addiction: A Largescale Survey Study
Authors: Kun Bernadette , Urbán Róbert , Bőthe Beáta , Griffiths Mark D. , Demetrovics Zsolt , Kökönyei Gyöngyi
Published: October 2020

Background: Empirical evidence suggests that low self-esteem and high perfectionism are significant personality correlates of work addiction, but the mechanisms underlying these relationships are still unclear. Consequently, exploring cognitive mechanisms will help to better understand work addiction. For instance, rumination is one of the under-researched topics in work addiction, although it may explain specific thinking processes of work-addicted individuals. The purpose of the study was to test the mediating role of maladaptive rumination (i.e., brooding) in the relationship between personality and addiction. Methods: In a largescale cross-sectional, unrepresentative, online study, 4340 adults with a current job participated. The following psychometric instruments were used: Work Addiction Risk Test Revised, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and Ruminative Response Scale. Results: It was found that self-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and self-esteem had both direct and indirect relationships with work addiction via the mediating effect of maladaptive rumination. The two paths involving brooding explained 44% of the direct relationship. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that brooding type of rumination as a putatively maladaptive strategy explains why individuals characterized by low self-esteem and high perfectionism may have a higher risk of work addiction. The results suggest that cognitive-affective mechanisms in work addiction are similar to those found in other addictive disorders.
Effect of an Ergonomics Educational Program on Musculoskeletal Disorders in Nursing Staff Working in the Operating Room: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Abdollahi Tahereh , Pedram Razi Shadan , Pahlevan Daryoush , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Amaniyan Sara , Leibold Sieloff Christina , Vaismoradi Mojtaba
Published: October 2020

Background: Nursing staff working in the operating room are exposed to risk factors that can cause musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and work-related disabilities. The use of ergonomics principles can help with the prevention of MSDs. This study aimed to examine the effect of an ergonomics educational program on MSDs among nursing staff working in the operating room. Methods: In this pragmatic parallel group quasi-randomized controlled clinical trial, 74 nursing staff working in the operating rooms of two teaching hospitals participated. The hospitals were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group and all nursing staff working in the operating room of each hospital were invited to take part in this research. They were initially assessed for the prevalence and risk of MSDs by using the Nordic questionnaire and the rapid entire body assessment (REBA) checklist. The intervention group received the ergonomics educational program and were assessed in two-week intervals over a period of three months. At the end of the study, the risk and prevalence of MSDs were compared between the intervention and control groups. Results: Statistically significant differences were reported between the groups in terms of the prevalence and risk of MSDs. The overall risk of MSDs decreased in the intervention group after the educational program (p = 0.03). The reduction in the prevalence of MSDs in the different parts of the body in the intervention group was as follows: ankle (p = 0.005), hand/wrist (p = 0.041), low back (p = 0.000), the neck (p = 0.003), hip (p = 0.001) and shoulder (p = 0.043). Conclusion: The education of nursing staff about ergonomics can influence the prevalence and risk of MSDs. Therefore, it should be incorporated into the degree education and on-the-job training initiatives for nurses working in the operating theatre in order to reduce workplace injuries and associated absences, and increase the quality of care delivered by them. This clinical trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT2015081823677N1.