bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An emulator approach to stratocumulus susceptibility
Authors: Glassmeier Franziska , Hoffmann Fabian , Johnson Jill S. , Yamaguchi Takanobu , Carslaw Ken S. , Feingold Graham
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The climatic relevance of aerosol–cloud interactions depends on the sensitivity of the radiative effect of clouds to cloud droplet number N, and liquid water path LWP.
We derive the dependence of cloud fraction CF, cloud albedo AC, and the relative cloud radiative effect rCRE=CF⋅AC on N and LWP from 159 large-eddy simulations of nocturnal stratocumulus.
These simulations vary in their initial conditions for temperature, moisture, boundary-layer height, and aerosol concentration but share boundary conditions for surface fluxes and subsidence.
Our approach is based on Gaussian-process emulation, a statistical technique related to machine learning.
We succeed in building emulators that accurately predict simulated values of CF, AC, and rCRE for given values of N and LWP.
Emulator-derived susceptibilities ∂ln⁡rCRE/∂ln⁡N and ∂ln⁡rCRE/∂ln⁡LWP cover the nondrizzling, fully overcast regime as well as the drizzling regime with broken cloud cover.
Theoretical results, which are limited to the nondrizzling regime, are reproduced.
The susceptibility ∂ln⁡rCRE/∂ln⁡N captures the strong sensitivity of the cloud radiative effect to cloud fraction, while the susceptibility ∂ln⁡rCRE/∂ln⁡LWP describes the influence of cloud amount on cloud albedo irrespective of cloud fraction.
Our emulation-based approach provides a powerful tool for summarizing complex data in a simple framework that captures the sensitivities of cloud-field properties over a wide range of states.
On the radiation belt location during the 23rd and 24th solar cycles
Authors: Dmitriev Alexei V.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Within the last two solar cycles (from 2001 to 2018), the location of the
outer radiation belt (ORB) was determined using NOAA/Polar-orbiting
Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) observations of energetic electrons with
energies above 30 keV. It was found that the ORB was shifted a little
(∼1∘) in the European and North American sectors, while
in the Siberian sector the ORB was displaced equatorward by more than 3∘. The displacements corresponded qualitatively to the change in the geomagnetic field predicted by the IGRF-12 model. However, in the Siberian sector, the model has a tendency to underestimate the equatorward shift of the ORB. The shift became prominent after 2012, which might have been related to a
geomagnetic “jerk” that occurred in 2012–2013. The displacement of the ORB to lower latitudes in the Siberian sector can contribute to an increase in the occurrence rate of midlatitude auroras observed in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Regionally improved seasonal forecast of precipitation through Best estimation of winter NAO
Authors: Sánchez-García Eroteida , Voces-Aboy José , Navascués Beatriz , Rodríguez-Camino Ernesto
Published: August 2019

Abstract. We describe a methodology for ensemble member's weighting
of operational seasonal forecasting systems (SFS) based on an enhanced
prediction of a climate driver strongly affecting meteorological parameters
over a certain region. We have applied it to the North Atlantic Oscillation
(NAO) influence on the Iberian Peninsula winter precipitation. The first step in the proposed approach is to find the best estimation of
winter NAO. Skill and error characteristics of forecasted winter NAO index
by different Copernicus SFS are analysed in this study. Based on these
results, a bias correction scheme is proposed and implemented for the ECMWF
System 5 ensemble mean of NAO index, and then a modified NAO index pdf based
on Gaussian errors is formulated. Finally, we apply the statistical
estimation theory to achieve the Best linear unbiased estimate of winter NAO
index and its uncertainty. For this purpose, two a priori estimates are
used: the bias corrected NAO index Gaussian pdf from ECMWF System 5, and a
skilful winter NAO index prediction based on teleconnection with snow cover
advance with normal distributed errors. The second step of the proposed methodology is to employ the enhanced NAO
index pdf estimates for ensemble member's weighting of a SFS based on a
single dynamical model. The new NAO pdfs obtained in this work have been
used to improve the skill of the ECMWF System 5 to predict both NAO index
and precipitation over the Iberian Peninsula. We show the improvement of NAO
prediction, and of winter precipitation forecasts over our region of
interest, when members are weighted with the bias corrected NAO index
Gaussian pdf based on ECMWF System 5 compared with the usual approach based
on equiprobability of ensemble members. Forecast skill is further enhanced
if the Best NAO index pdf based on an optimal combination of the two a
priori NAO index estimates is used for ensemble member's weighting.
Fire risk modulation by long-term dynamics in land cover and dominant forest type in Eastern and Central Europe
Authors: Feurdean Angelica , Vannière Boris , Finsinger Walter , Warren Dan , Connor Simon C. , Forrest Matthew , Liakka Johan , Panait Andrei , Werner Christian , Andrič Maja , Bobek Premysl , Carter Vachel A. , Davis Basil , Diaconu Andrei-Cosmin , Dietze Elisabeth , Feeser Ingo , Florescu Gabriela , Gałka Mariusz , Giesecke Thomas , Jahns Susanne , Jamrichová Eva , Kajukało Katarzyna , Kaplan Jed , Karpińska-Kołaczek Monika , Kołaczek Piotr , Kuneš Petr , Kupriyanov Dimitry , Lamentowicz Mariusz , Lemmen Carsten , Magyari Enikö K. , Marcisz Katarzyna , Marinova Elena , Niamir Aidin , Novenko Elena , Obremska Milena , Pędziszewska Anna , Pfeiffer Mirjam , Poska Anneli , Rösch Manfred , Słowiński Michal , Stančikaitė Miglė , Szal Marta , Święta-Musznicka Joanna , Tanţău Ioan , Theuerkauf Martin , Tonkov Spassimir , Valkó Orsolya , Vassiljev Juri , Veski Siim , Vincze Ildiko , Wacnik Agnieszka , Wiethold Julian , Hickler Thomas
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Wildfire occurrence is influenced by climate, vegetation and human activities. A key challenge for understanding fire-climate-vegetation interactions is to quantify the effect vegetation has in mediating fire regime. Here, we explore the relative importance of Holocene land cover and dominant functional forest type, and climate dynamics on biomass burned in temperate and boreo-nemoral regions of Central and Eastern Europe over the past 12 ka BP years. We used an extensive data set of Holocene pollen and sedimentary charcoal records, in combination with climate simulations and novel statistical modelling. Biomass burned was highest during the early Holocene and lowest during the mid Holocene in all three ecoregions, but diverged more markedly over the past 3–4 ka BP. Although the climate was an important driver of fire hazard during the warm and dry early Holocene, tree cover was consistently the strongest predictor of past biomass burning. In temperate forests, biomass burned was high at ~ 45 % tree cover and decreased strongly towards 60 % tree cover. In needleleaf dominated forests, biomass burned was highest at ~ 60–65 % tree cover and abruptly declined at > 65 % tree cover. Biomass burned also increased when arable lands and grasslands reached ~ 15–20 %, although this relationship was highly dynamic depending on land use intensity throughout ignition and fuel type and availability. Our observations cover the full range of Holocene climate variability and land cover changes and illustrates that percentages of land cover is a key predictor of the probability of fire occurrence over timescales of centuries to millennia. We suggest that long-term fire risk may be effectively reduced through land cover management, given that land cover has controlled fire regimes under the dynamic climates of the Holocene.
Building a PECAS Activity Allocation Module: The experience from Caracas
Authors: Fuenmayor Geraldine J. , Abraham John E. , Hunt John Douglas
Published: August 2019

We applied the PECAS Framework, a spatial economic system for forecasting and policy analysis, to the region of Caracas, Venezuela. In this paper, we describe in 12 steps the elements developed for an Activity Allocation model in this region. A detailed inventory of built space and household characteristics was developed using a population synthesis technique. The model design and implementation reflected informal (slum) housing and social equity (with 20 residential space types), while accounting for the industrial mix of the region. Transport costs for economic interactions were calculated using a TRANUS travel demand model. We also describe the calibration of the model and the application to two policy scenarios: provision of public housing and increasing transit fares. The 12 steps can guide future researchers, specifically listing the data and processes that were applied in this context. The sensitivity tests showed how this type of model can be used to anticipate social equity effects due to policy. Based on the know-how gained, we provide valuable insights for other modelling teams, particularly for applications in developing economies.
Identifying residential and workplace locations from transit smart card data
Authors: Tian Yuan , Winter Stephan , Wang Jian
Published: August 2019

Public transit is highly promoted worldwide to reduce traffic congestion. An evidence-based planning of stop locations and routes with regard to residential and workplace locations can reduce walking distances to transit and the number of transfers, which can improve service quality of public transport and thus increase ridership. This paper proposes a novel method of identifying residential and workplace locations from smart card data. The proposed method identifies relevant stops first and then refines their catchments to narrow down residential and workplace locations in three steps: defining constraints from the design of the public transport network, movement logic, and land use. In 2017, we tested the method using Beijing smart card data. The results show close to 69% residential locations inference rates and more than 72% workplace locations inference rates. The mean value of inferred areas is approximately 20% of the areas derived by traditional methods. Available data on alighting stops verify the inferred results at least for flat fare systems.
Impact of high-speed rail on intercity travel behavior change: The evidence from the Chengdu-Chongqing Passenger Dedicated Line
Authors: Ren Xiaohong , Chen Zhenhua , Wang Fang , Wang Jiamei , Wang Chunyang , Dan Ting , Du Zongyang
Published: August 2019

This paper investigates the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) on intercity travel behavior changes using the Chengdu-Chongqing (Chengyu) Passenger Dedicated Line (PDL) as an example. Based on the statistical analysis of survey data that consists of 1384 samples, the result shows that HSR has become the primary mode of intercity travel between Chengdu and Chongqing. Specifically, travel demand has increased by 60% after the operation of the HSR system and the demand change is affected by several factors, such as trip purpose, gender, and travel time savings. The result also shows that the variation of travel demand in both directions declined after the opening of HSR, which suggests that HSR tends to promote a convergent growth of intercity travel demand. Although most passengers ride the Chengyu HSR for a personal reason, the number of riders using it for commuting and business purposes has also increased substantially. Overall, the study confirms that the economic link between Chengdu and Chongqing has been enhanced by the operation of HSR.
Willingness to change car use to commute to the UPTC main campus, Colombia: A hybrid discrete choice modeling approach
Authors: Márquez Luis , Macea Luis F. , Soto Jose J.
Published: August 2019

This paper studies the willingness to change car use when commuting to a university campus. We estimated a hybrid discrete choice (HDC) model to test the hypothesis that, in addition to traditional tangible attributes, the willingness to change car use to more sustainable transportation modes also depends on the pro-environmental attitude and the perceived convenience of each transportation alternative. We found that teachers have better pro-environmental attitudes than students and administrative staff, but senior individuals and people who own an above-average priced car have negative effects on this attitude. We concluded that in addition to car ownership, the price of a car is also a decisive factor in the willingness to change car use. On-campus parking fees were identified as a key variable for reducing car use when commuting to campus and for financing more sustainable transportation modes. This paper contributes to the literature on sustainable mobility on university campuses and is the first based on an HDC modeling approach that integrates tangible attributes and latent variables into this context.
Advancing cycling among women: An exploratory study of North American cyclists
Authors: Le Huyen TK , West Alyson , Quinn Fionnuala , Hankey Steve
Published: August 2019

Past studies show that women cycle at a lower rate than men due to various factors; few studies examine attitudes and perceptions of women cyclists on a large scale. This study aims to fill that gap by examining the cycling behaviors of women cyclists across multiple cities in North America. We analyzed an online survey of 1,868 women cyclists in the US and Canada, most of whom were confident when cycling. The survey recorded respondents’ cycling skills, attitude, perceptions of safety, surrounding environment, and other factors that may affect the decision to bicycle for transport and recreation. We utilized tree-based machine learning methods (e.g., bagging, random forests, boosting) to select the most common motivations and concerns of these cyclists. Then we used chi-squared and non-parametric tests to examine the differences among cyclists of different skills and those who cycled for utilitarian and non-utilitarian purposes. Tree-based model results indicated that concerns about the lack of bicycle facilities, cycling culture, cycling’s practicality, sustainability, and health were among the most important factors for women to cycle for transport or recreation. We found that very few cyclists cycled by necessity. Most cyclists, regardless of their comfort level, preferred cycling on facilities that were separated from vehicular traffic (e.g., separated bike lanes, trails). Our study suggests opportunities for designing healthy cities for women. Cities may enhance safety to increase cycling rates of women by tailoring policy prescriptions for cyclists of different skill groups who have different concerns. Strategies that were identified as beneficial across groups, such as investing in bicycle facilities and building a cycling culture in communities and at the workplace, could be useful to incorporate in long-range planning efforts.
Life events, poverty, and car ownership in the United States: A mobility biography approach
Authors: Klein Nicholas J. , Smart Michael J.
Published: August 2019

What causes families to buy or give up a car in the U.S.? Following the mobility biography approach, we use a nationally representative panel data set, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), to examine the role of life events and changes in the built environment and compare the effect that these events have on changes in car ownership. We find that coupling, graduating from college, and the birth or adoption of a child all are associated with increases in car ownership, while breaking up is associated with decreases in car ownership. Moving to or away from transit-rich, dense, walkable neighborhoods matters but only when one moves to a very different type of neighborhood. We also find that life events have a stronger association with gaining a car for non-poor families than for families in poverty. Life events are windows of opportunity when families reevaluate their travel patterns. Interventions at these critical junctures could be an expedient way to decrease car ownership and its attendant problems, especially when combined with improving alternatives to the automobile.
Introduction to special issue: Rail transit development in China and beyond
Authors: Diao Mi , Fan Yingling , Zhang Xueliang
Published: August 2019

Rail transit is widely considered an efficient and environment-friendly means to address the increasing demand for travel. In the past decades, the scale and speed of China's rail transit development has been unprecedented. By the end of 2017, a total of 165 urban rail lines including heavy rail and light rail were in operation in 34 cities in mainland China, with a total track length of 5,033 kilometers (km), and the vast majority of them were built after 2000 (China Association of Metros, 2017). At the intercity scale, China has built the largest high-speed rail (HSR) network in the world, with over 29,000 km HSR lines by the end of 2018 (Central Government of China, 2019). Efforts to develop rail transit are also observed in other cities in both developing and developed countries.

We planned this special issue in response to the rapid development of rail transit in China and beyond. In preparation for the special issue, we organized two symposiums to facilitate debates on related research topics in June 2017, including a special session on rail transit at the 11th annual conference of the International Association for China Planning (IACP) hosted by the Harbin Institute of Technology in Harbin, China, and the second Symposium on the HSR Network in China hosted by Jinan University in Guangzhou, China.
Professional Identity of Nurse Manager in the Light of the Structural Dialectic Care Model
Authors: da Silva Thais Araújo , Solano-Ruiz Maria del Carmen , Siles-González José , de Freitas Genival Fernandes
Published: August 2019

Objectives: To identify in the scientific literature the identity-related configurations inherent to the nurse’s managerial practices of a professional that works in a hospital setting, and to analyze them in the light of the Structural Dialectic Care Model (SDCM). Materials and method: The article concerns about a qualitative research where an integrative review was made enabling the selection of 15 articles, analyzed in light of the SDCM. Results: From the 15 selected articles, three thematic axes were established: Leadership, care and conflicts. Conclusions: It was concluded that the SDCM has made it possible to discover the nurse’s identity models as a managerial agent in the diverse pluralities articulated to the identity-related processes of such professional.
Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Commonly Consumed Shellfish from Kula, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Dokubo A. , Igwe F. U.
Published: August 2019

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were assessed in shellfishes (whelk, oyster and periwinkle) from Kula, Rivers State, Nigeria. The PAHs determination was done using gas chromatography (GC) coupled with flame ionization detector (FID) (Hewlett Packard, Wilmington, DE, USA), powered with HP chemstation Rev. A09:01 (10206) software. Human health risk assessment models based on United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) was used to characterize risks of PAHs exposure to non cancer (Hazard Index) while and excess cancer risk (ECR). From the results, Benzo [a] Anthrancene (BaA) had highest concentrations in whelk (0.689±0.003) and Periwinkle (0.930±0.001) while Naphthalene had highest concentration in oyster (2.000±0.000). The Total concentration of PAHs in µ g/kg for whelk, oyster and periwinkle were 1.797±0.013, 3.977 ±0.024 and 1.564±0.017 while the estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAHs (mg/kg/day) via consumption of shell fish ranged from 2.00x10-4 to 6.40x10-2, 7.0x10-4 to 1.86 x10-1 and 0 to 8.64x10-2 far above oral reference dose (RFD) respectively. The toxic equivalents (TEQs) values were 1.276x10-4, 1.252x10-4 and 4.034x10-4 for whelk, oyster and periwinkle respectively, were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the screening value (SV) for shellfish 1.81x10-5mg/kg. The estimated excess cancer risk (ECR) obtained for whelk was (3.0x10-4), oyster (2.00x10-4) and periwinkle (3.24x10-4). These values were far above the USEPA acceptable (1x10-4). From this study, it can be deduced that bioaccumulation of PAHs in the shellfish is a potential health hazard to consumers. Carcinogenic indices indicated that daily Intake of contaminated shellfishes exposures the local populace to cancer risks.
Shelters for the Homeless Children: Unmasking the Plight of the Street Children in South Africa
Authors: Richer Nkuna Monge
Published: August 2019

The aim of this paper was to explore the status of the rehabilitated children in shelter homes in South Africa. The study further explored the challenges the students face in the homes as well as a critique of the sustainability of the rehabilitation framework used by the state in ensuring the children live quality and successful life after leaving the shelter homes. The study found out that despite the programme of rehabilitation of the street children in shelter homes being a noble idea, the children are facing myriad of challenges in the homes. Some of the challenges faced by the children in the homes include; lack of sufficient housing, child abuse and molestation in the children homes, lack of adequate and quality food and clothing. The main challenge facing the rehabilitation is the sustainability of the process since after the completion of education period by the children, the children are released from the homes to pave way for the admitted cohorts of children being admitted to the homes. The other challenge was lack of adequate funding by the government and civil society since the population of children to be admitted to the homes is quite huge. The study further revealed that the shelter homes were not actually offering conducive environment for the children since majority of them opt out to the streets due to oppressions or abuse by the management or fellow street children. The study recommends that the government and civil society take a pro-active approach while rehabilitating street children in shelter homes in South Africa to ensure sustainable and holistic rehabilitation
Applying an Error Reduction Model to an Injury and Illness Prevention Programs- Steps to Improve an Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS)
Authors: Koshy Koshy , Preustti Michael , Rosen Mitchel A.
Published: August 2019

Implementing proactive steps to control workplace hazards is the key to an effective Injury and Illness Prevention Program (IIPP). A model for an IIPP that incorporated error reduction techniques was developed by Rutgers through an OSHA Susan Harwood grant. A “user’s manual” outlining various strategies, techniques, and materials necessary to successfully administer and facilitate a sustainable IIPP and a one-day training course to assist practitioners implement the program, was developed as part of this program. A follow-up study with the 118 participants who attended the training showed that they were able to more effectively organize onsite safety committees, engage workers in the Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) cycle, and develop peer mentorship programs. Latent issues including the lack of resources (time, staff, and funds) were seen as impediments to effective program deployment.
Antecedent accessibility and exceptional covariation: Evidence from Norwegian Donkey Pronouns
Authors: Kush Dave , Eik Ragnhild
Published: August 2019

It is generally assumed that interpreting a co-referential or a syntactically-bound pronoun requires retrieving a representation of its antecedent from memory. Donkey pronouns (e.g., Geach 1962) are pronouns that co-vary in interpretation with non-c-commanding indefinite QPs in apparent violation of structural constraints on QP-pronoun relations (Reinhart 1976). Recent research (Moulton & Han 2018) has hypothesized that the real-time processing of donkey pronouns may not involve retrieval of the co-varying indefinite QP as an antecedent, because non-c-commanding QPs are assumed to be inaccessible to retrieval. We tested this hypothesis with a self-paced reading study that compared the processing of standard co-referential  pronouns and donkey pronouns in Norwegian. Contrary to the hypothesis, our results indicate that donkey pronouns retrieve a feature-matching antecedent from memory in a manner analogous to how co-referential pronouns retrieve a referential antecedent. Our findings imply that retrieval of a feature-matching antecedent is a necessary step in the processing of all pronouns, irrespective of their ultimate interpretation. Moreover, retrieval does not uniformly ignore non-referential NPs that fail to c-command a pronoun. We briefly discuss the implications of these findings for psycholinguistic models of anaphora resolution and formal theories of donkey pronouns.
Barriers to Communication About Complementary and Alternative Medicine With Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chang Hsiao-Yun , Su Tzu-Fang , Mannino Robert McCreary
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to explore the reasons for nurses’ reluctance to communicate with patients regarding the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) and to determine ways of improving this communication.

METHODS: A qualitative study using focus group interviews was conducted with 54 nurses participated in eight focus groups. Interview data were transcribed verbatim using framework analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Board.

RESULTS: The themes were related to the reasons for nurses’ reluctance to communicate with patients were: (1) “the scope of nursing practice regarding CAM is unclear”, (2) “lack of CAM competencies in communication”, and (3) “unsupportive workplace culture in the communication of CAM”. The strategies for improving the communication were: (1) “awareness of the needs for CAM education”, (2) “engagement of interdisciplinary teamwork for CAM practice”, and (3) “establishment of an organizational standard for CAM practice”.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provided new insights into the barriers to communication regarding CAM use with patients from the nurses’ perspectives, and helped identify the ways of improving this communication to advance the practice of nursing.
Assessing Financial Reporting Quality of Listed Companies in Developing Countries: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Mbawuni Joseph
Published: August 2019

The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Ghana is expected to improve the quality of financial reporting among companies in Ghana. This paper assesses the extent to which financial reports of companies listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) meet financial reporting quality (FRQ) dimensions of IFRS. It was a descriptive study that employed two experienced professional chartered accountants who practice as independent auditors to use FRQ criteria to assess financial reports of 20 purposively selected companies listed on GSE for 2012 and 2013. Given the high inter-rater reliability (r = .96, 95% C.I., p < .0001), the findings indicate that, overall, FRQ of the listed companies meet FRQ standards by 56.48%. Generally, the financial reports were 60.95% faithfully represented, 51.01% relevant, 50.10% understandable, 40.09% comparable and 19.75% timely audited (or 80.25% untimely). Fundamental FRQ characteristics were more prevalent than enhancing FRQ. Poorly rated FRQ areas were in the use of historical cost as measurement basis, no use of graphs and tables to clarify information, no inclusion of comprehensive glossary, ratios and index, no information on adjustment in past accounting figures for future decisions, and no comparison of current and previous accounting periods and with those of other firms. The study concludes that FRQ of the listed companies is moderate but needs considerable improvement. Implications to theory, practitioners, policy makers and industry regulators are discussed. This study fills the dearth of empirical research in FRQ in IFRS-compliance companies in Sub-Saharan Africa in general and Ghana in particular.
First report of Meloidogyne hapla on Paulownia tomentosa in Poland
Authors: Skwiercz Andrzej , Dobosz Renata , Flis Łukasz , Damszel Marta , Litwińczuk Wojciech
Published: August 2019

Meloidogyne spp. are serious pests on many economically important plants, including food crops, vegetables, ornamental trees, and shrubs. Galled roots of Paulownia tomentosa Steud were collected from a plantation in the 2018 growing season in Poland. Morphological, morphometric, and molecular studies revealed the presence of Meloidogyne hapla in root systems and root zones of empress trees. To our knowledge, this is the first record of the occurrence of this nematode species on Paulownia tomentosa in Poland, as well as in Europe.
Die dunkle Seite des Strafrechts. Eine kriminologische Erwiderung auf die Pönalisierungsbereitschaft in der strafrechtswissenschaftlichen Kriminalpolitik
Authors: Kölbel Ralf
Published: August 2019

In Teilen der deutschen Jurisprudenz besteht die Bereitschaft, im Rahmen der Möglichkeiten rechtspolitisch aktiv zu werden und auf eine Erweiterung des geltenden Strafrechts hinzuwirken. Das dahinter stehende Selbstverständnis wird anhand von Beispielen und einer Auswertung von Publikationen zunächst illustriert und sodann eingehend kritisiert. Der Beitrag moniert insbesondere, dass die kriminalpolitischen Stellungnahmen ausschließlich ein idealisiertes, freiheitsverteilendes Strafrecht zur Grundlage haben. Demgegenüber weist das „wirkliche“ Strafrecht, wie kriminologisch oft gezeigt worden ist, zahllose problematische und unerwünschte Merkmale auf. Eine sich als wissenschaftlich begreifende Kriminalpolitik darf dies nicht ignorieren.
Die Marginalisierten des Rechts – Für einen Perspektivwechsel in der strafprozessualen Gesetzgebung
Authors: Lubitz Tobias
Published: August 2019

Die StPO ist im Vergleich mit anderen Strafverfahrensgesetzen international ins Hintertreffen geraten. Seit Jahrzehnten beschränkt sich die Kriminalpolitik - weitestgehend abgekoppelt von den Empfehlungen der Wissenschaft - auf einen Abbau von Beschuldigten- und Verteidigungsrechten. Die Entwicklung wird auch vor dem Hintergrund der Erfahrungen zum Ende der Weimarer Republik als gefährlich angesehen. Es wird für eine Wende der Kriminalpolitik hin zu einer Rückbesinnung der Doppelbedeutung des Strafverfahrens in einem Rechtsstaat plädiert. Strafverfahrensrecht ist kein Überführungsrecht, sondern will einerseits objektive Wahrheitsermittlung ermöglichen und andererseits Schutz des Einzelnen vor Übergriffen eines übermächtigen Staates gewährleisten. Trotz des aufgeheizten kriminalpolitischen Klimas wird ein konsensfähiger kriminalpolitischer Ansatz in einer Stärkung des Schwächerenschutzes gesehen. Schwächere können auch ohne die Rücknahme zuletzt eingeführter Ermittlungsbefugnisse auf vielfältige Weise durch verständlichere Gesetze, verständlicheres Justizverwaltungshandeln und kostenlose Rechtsberatung besser geschützt werden.
Drogen im Strafvollzug. Einschätzungen und Bewertungen von Gefangenen
Authors: Bäumler Esther , Schmitz Maria-Magdalena , Neubacher Frank
Published: August 2019

Der Beitrag präsentiert die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes „Drogen im Strafvollzug - Konsum, Kultur, Kontrolle“. Nach einem Blick auf den aktuellen Stand der Forschung werden zunächst Erkenntnisse zu haftinternen Konsummustern vorgestellt, um dann der Sicht der Inhaftierten auf das Problemfeld Drogen in Haft Raum zu geben. Schließlich widmet sich der Artikel der Bewertung drogenspezifischer Behandlungsangebote aus Gefangenensicht.
A Phenomenal Defense of Reflective Equilibrium
Authors: Ellis Weston Mudge , McBrayer Justin ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2019

The method of reflective equilibrium starts with a set of initial judgments about some subject matter and refines that set to arrive at an improved philosophical worldview. However, the method faces two, trenchant objections. The Garbage-In, Garbage-Out Objection argues that reflective equilibrium fails because it has no principled reason to rely on some inputs to the method rather than others and putting garbage-in assures you of getting garbage-out. The Circularity Objection argues that reflective equilibrium fails because it has no principled, non-circular way of sorting whatever is put into the method. The moves required to avoid both objections are instructive. Reflective equilibrium requires a meta-justification, and we offer one that appeals to the epistemic goods that underwrite a view known as phenomenal conservatism. Reflective equilibrium calls on us to start with what seems most likely to be true and to alter that collection of judgments in the ways that seem most likely to get us to the truth. Proceeding in this way is epistemically defensible and unavoidable. Hence, reflective equilibrium is not just good, it’s phenomenal.
Interrogating the Doctrine of the Univocity of Being
Authors: Hasan-Birdwell Aminah ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2019

This paper attends to Emmanuel Levinas’s criticism of the univocity doctrine as it pertains to Baruch Spinoza and in view of Gilles Deleuze’s interpretation. The analysis will have a narrow focus on univocity because it will exclusively treat the univocity of cause in Spinoza and its ethical and political implications. Narrowing the approach will illustrate the importance of the doctrine in Levinas’s minor engagements with the modern philosopher and its convergence with Deleuze’s project in Difference and Repetition and Expressionism in Philosophy: namely, the univocal relation between Substance and the modes. Although both Levinas and Deleuze will converge on basic observations about the univocity of cause, they will depart at significant moments on the implications of the doctrine itself. The analysis will acknowledge Deleuze’s reflections on the Ethics, but it will focus on Levinas’s critique and indictment of Spinoza’s thought—that it eliminates singularity and that it is in itself a justification of perpetual war.
Communication Breakdown
Authors: Leichter David J. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2019

The turn to narrative in biomedicine has been one of the most important alternatives to traditional approaches to bioethics. Rather than using ethical theories and principles to guide behavior, narrative ethics uses the moral imagination to cultivate and expand one’s capacities for empathy. This paper argues that by themselves narratives do not, and cannot, fully capture the range of the illness experience. But more than that, the emphasis on narrative often obscures how dominant forms of narrative discourse often operate to marginalize those whose narratives fall outside the parameters of traditional narrative forms or whose stories are occluded by structural violence and oppression. Rather, by focusing on forms of embodiment that are irreducible to narrative discursivity, this paper highlights forms of selfhood that exist outside of the narrative self.
Antiproliferative potential of mouse embryonic fibroblasts secreting IFN-β or IL-21, upon cocultivating with Lewis lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Vagyna I. N. , Zaharuk O. A. , Strokovska L. I. , Vagyn Yu. V. , Kashuba V. I.
Published: August 2019

Aim. Investigation of the effect of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (C57Fb), transduced with baculovirus vectors (BVs), producing IFN-β and IL-21 cytokines on survival and proliferation of Lewis lung adenocarcinoma cells (LL). Methods. Construction of BVs, transduction of cells, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry. Results. It was shown that adenocarcinoma cells were more sensitive to the antiproliferative effect of IFN-β and IL-21. The efficacy of inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells LL was higher when co-cultured heterologous cells C57Fb/IFNβ: LL. Cocultivation of C57Fb cells loaded with the BV-IL21 vector and cells LL caused a slight inhibition of adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. The mouse embryonic fibroblasts suppressed proliferation of cells LL upon co-cultivating. Conclusions. Interferon β synthesized by mouse embryonic fibroblasts or tumor cells LL, that were transduced with BVs carrying mouse Ifn-β gene, inhibited proliferation of adenocarcinoma malignant cells in vitro. Interleukin-21, produced by transduced tumor cells LL, effectively inhibited the proliferation of these cells.Keywords: interferon-β (IFN-β), interleukin-21 (IL-21), mouse embryonic fibroblasts (C57Fb), lung adenocarcinoma cell line (LL), baculovirus vector (BV).
Evaluation of the green pea (Pisum sativum L.) collection for presence of carriers of r and rb mutations
Authors: Vasylenko A. A. , Tymchuk S. M. , Pozdnyakov V. V. , Derebizova O. Yu. , Bezuglyi I. M.
Published: August 2019

Objective. To evaluate the green pea (Pisum sativum L.) collection in order to identify carriers of r and rb mutations in it. Methods. Pea accessions were grown in the field, and seeds were produced under controlled pollination. The starch granule shape was determined in micrographs taken with a computer digital microscopic camera DMC-300 through a Biolam-15 microscope (object lens × 40). The starch content was determined polarimetrically by the Evers method and the amylase content colorimetrically — by the BO Juliano method. The data were statistically processed using analysis of variance. Results. The effect of r and rb mutations on the starch content and fractional composition in pea seeds was confirmed. In smooth-seed accessions the average starch content was 39,9 %, and the amylose content in starch was 45,9 %, while in r mutation carriers these contents were 31 ,2 % and 67,6 %, respectively, and in rb mutation carriers — 26,9 % and 28,2 %, respectively. An accession with marrowfat seeds, roundish starch granules and a low content of amylose in starch was identified. It was established that this accession was a carrier of a recessive mutation that is not allelic to r mutation and coincides with rb mutation by the effect type. Conclusions. A new genetic source of starchmodifying monogenic rb mutation of pea was identified. It was involved hybridization with sources of r mutation to expand the genetic basis of pea cultivar breeding.Keywords: peas, Pisum sativum, genetic diversity, r, rb, seed phenotype, starch grain shape, starch content, amylose content.
Allelic status of PavCNR12 gene in Ukrainian sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars
Authors: Ivanovych Ya. I. , Volkov R. A.
Published: August 2019

Aim. In recent decades, Ukrainian breeders have created a large number of sweet cherry cultivars. Further progress in the breeding of sweet cherry requires a broad involvement of molecular methods. Especially important is the development of methods for the identification of genes / alleles that control economically valuable traits. The goal of the study was to develop a new method for discrimination of alleles of the PavCNR12 gene, which controls the fruit size in sweet cherry, and to reveal the allelic status of PavCNR12 in Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars. Methods. The SNP-polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the PavCNR12-1, -2 and -3 alleles was detected applying comparison of published sequences. PCR amplification of the region was conducted, the obtained PCR products were cut by TaiI restriction endonuclease and separated by electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gel. The identity of PCR products was confirmed by direct sequencing. Results. A new convenient method for the identification of allelic variants of the PavCNR12 gene using CAPS-markers is proposed. Using the method the allelic status of PavCNR12 in 56 sweet cherry cultivars of Ukrainian and foreign breeding was elucidated. Conclusions. A significant prevalence of the desirable allele PavCNR12-1 over the alleles PavCNR12-2 and -3 was found among the studied cultivars.Keywords: Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars, genetic control of fruit size, alleles of PavCNR12 gene, CAPSmarkers, Prunus avium.
Adhesion proteins are able to controle the proliferation and size of neonatal cardiomoycytes in Mus musculus
Authors: Balatskyi V. V. , Macewicz L. L. , Ruban T. P. , Piven O. O.
Published: August 2019

Aim. In our present work, we have analyzed the influence of adhesion proteins — catenins on the proliferation of neonatal cardiomyocytes, under there cardiac-specific knockout. Methods. The studies were conducted using mice with a conditional knockout of the β-catenin gene (β-catflox/flox); αE-catenin (αE-catflox/flox) and transgenic animals which express the Crerecombinase under the control of the heavy chain promoter of α-myosin ((αMHC) -Cre). Results. The cardiac ablation of the β-catenin gene results in lower cell proliferation and decreased myocardial size, whereas the knockout of αE-catenin, increased proliferation as well as the size of the newborn heart. Conclusions. Intercellular adhesion genes — β-catenin and αE-catenins have not only an important structural function in maintaining of the myocardium tissue structure, but also involved in controlling of the proliferation, size of neonatal cardiomyocytes and newborn heart. Keywords: β-catenin, αE-catenin, cardiomyocytes, proliferation.
Determination of the reference values of amino acids and acylcarnitines level in the newborn dry blood spots in Ukraine
Authors: Barvinska O. I. , Olkhovych N. V. , Gorovenko N. G.
Published: August 2019

Aim. Implementation of neonatal screening of the group of severe inherited disorders of amino acids, fatty and organic acids metabolism in Ukraine involves determination of the biological variation of amino acids and acylcarnitines level in the blood that depends on the gender, geographical origin of the samples and the gestation term of newborn. Methods. The main method of rapid and reliable diagnosis of this group of inherited disorders is determination of amino acids and acylcarnitines level by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results. Reference intervals of amino acids and acylcarnitines concentration in dry blood samples of newborns from different regions of Ukraine haven’t differed. However, it was found necessity to use separate reference intervals of some amino acids and acylcarnitines (citrulline, arginine, methionine, leucine, tyrosine, alanine, histidine, C0, C3, C3DC, C4, C5, C6, C8, C8:1, C10:2, C12, C14:1, C16, C18OH, C18:1OH) for premature and full-term newborns. Also, it was revealed that for male and female newborns it is necessary to use different reference intervals of citrulline, leucine, C8:1, arginine, methionine, C5, C8. Conclusions. In this study it was found that variation of amino acids and acylcarnitines concentration in dry blood spots depends on the newborns gestation term and sex. We have proposed a two-stage procedure of biomarkers interpretation for which the values variation in different neonatal groups was detected. Keywords: amino acids and acylcarnitines reference intervals, inherited disorders of amino acids, fatty and organic acids metabolism, newborn screening.
Genetic-epidemiological study of pediatric population of Krasnohrad district of Kharkiv region
Authors: Fedota O. M. , Sadovnychenko Yu. O. , Movchan N. V. , Kolodiazhnyi O. V. , Dolzhenkova R. S. , Roshcheniuk L. V. , Kasian I. M.
Published: August 2019

Aim. Study of genetic pathology burden, both monogenic and chromosomal, of pediatric population of Krasnohrad district of Kharkiv region. Methods. Epidemiological and clinical-genealogical methods have been used. The information on 252 patients aged 0– 17 years from all major sources of their registration has been analyzed. Results. The monogenic pathology burden of pediatric population was 0.28 %, chromosomal disorders burden — 0.13 %, 0.41 % in total. There were 14 nosological forms of single-gene diseases, the most common ones were sensorineural hearing loss (1:1295), congenital glaucoma (1:3884), congenital hypothyroidism (1:3884), ichthyosis (1:3884). For the past ten years there was a change in the spectrum of single-gene pathology in pediatric population of Krasnohrad district. Chromosomal abnormalities in the area were represented by Down syndrome (1:868) and Prader-Willi syndrome (1:7767). Conclusions. The genetic pathology burden of the pediatric population of the Krasnohrad district of Kharkiv region, the spectrum of monogenic and chromosomal pathology, and prevalence of their individual nosological forms are comparable to those in most European countries. Keywords: genetic pathology, prevalence, single-gene diseases, chromosomal disorders, Kharkiv region.
Antifungal and growths regulation activity of new metal-organic compounds
Authors: Bashta O. V. , Pasichnyk L. P. , Voloshchuk N. M. , Repich G. G. , Zholob O. O. , Vasylchenko O. V. , Sorokin O. S. , Shyrina T. V. , Orysyk S. I. , Palchykovska L. G.
Published: August 2019

The aim of present paper is to study the antifungal activity of the new platinum, palladium and copper chelate complexes with different organic ligands against Fusarium strains and to determine the influence of these compounds on the germination energy and seed germination of investigated grain crops. Methods. In vitro antifungal activities of new chelate complexes were studied by the agar disk diffusion method. New complexes were tested against pathogenic Fusarium strains such as — F. culmorum 3260/4, F. verticillioides and F. sporotrichioides. The toxic effect of new complexes was evaluated according to changes in germination power and seed germination of grain crops — winter wheat, vernal barley and maize. The determination of these characteristics was carried out in accordance with the standard demands. Results. Our results revealed that palladium complex H exhibited fungicidal activity against F. culmorum 3260/4 and fungistatic activity against F. verticillioides with growth inhibition zone diameter 25 mm ad 20 mm respectively. Copper complex 2 showed a moderate fungicidal effect against F. culmorum 3260/4 strain (inhibition zone diameter 12 mm). The treatment of grain crops seeds with the H and 2 complexes demonstrated the less toxicity than standard agent — commercial fungicide tebuconazol. These complexes had also less negative influence on the germination power for all test cultures than tebuconazol. Copper complex 2 showed a noticeable growth promoting effect on studied seeds compared to seeds under conditions without treatment. Conclusions. Thus, the studied complexes can be considered as promising antifungal agents with growth regulating properties. The directional modification of the complexes to obtain the more potent derivatives will be performed.Keywords: metal-organic compounds, antifungal, growths regulation activity.
PCR-analysis of photoperiod sensitivity genes in bread wheat varieties from Bilatserkovska experimental breeding station
Authors: Filimonov V. M. , Bakuma A. A. , Chebotar G. A. , Burdenyuk-Tarasevich L. A. , Chebotar S. V.
Published: August 2019

The aim. Determination of alleles of the photoperiod sensitivity genes Ppd-1 in 16 winter wheat varieties of the Bilatserkovska Experimental Breeding Station and identification of the haplotypes of Ppd-D1 gene according to the accepted classification. Methods. DNA isolation, allele-specific and nested PCR, electrophoresis in agarose and polyacrylamide gels, determination of the significant differences in the time of heading. Results. Plants of the varieties Vodohrai bilotserkivs’kiy; Bilotserkivs’ka napivkarlykova, Olesia, Perlyna lisostepu, Elehiia, Yasochka, Lybid’, Tsarivna, Lisova pisnia, Romantyka, Vidrada, Schedra nyva, Charodiika bilotsekivs’ka, Russa, Driada 1 have the genotype PpdA1b Ppd-B1b Ppd-D1a and belong to the VII haplotype of the Ppd-D1 gene. The genotype of the variety Legenda bilotsekivs’ka is characterized by the presence of the alleles Ppd-A1b Ppd-B1b Ppd-D1b and belongs to the IV haplotype of the Ppd-D1 gene. The significant differences (P = 0.01) in the time of heading was detected only between the varieties Russa and Legenda bilotsekivs’ka and was 12.4 days. Conclusions. Most BEBS varieties are characterized by genotype — PpdA1b Ppd-B1b Ppd-D1a, in which the allele Ppd-D1a determines insensitivity to the photoperiod and leads to early heading. Only variety Legenda bilotsekivs’ka is the carrier of the recessive allele of Ppd-D1 gene, belongs to the IV haplotype, has the latest time of heading. Keywords: Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1, Ppd-D1 genes, winter wheat, PCR analysis, photoperiod sensitivity.