bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical treatments for peristaltic transport of Johnson‐Segalman nanofluid through a vertical divergence irregular channel in the presence of inclined magnetic field and double‐diffusive
Authors: Hussein Sameh A. , Ahmed Sameh E. , Arafa Anas A. M. , Elshekhipy Abdelhafeez A.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a computational study for the peristaltic pumping within vertical irregular divergence channels filled with magnetic Johnson—Segalman nanofluid. Various configurations of the outer boundaries are considered, namely, square wave, multi‐sinusoidal wave, trapezoidal wave, and triangular wave. An inclined magnetic field together with nanoparticles and mass concentrations is considered. Influences of the Dufour and Soret numbers are examined, and the cases of low Reynolds number and long wavelength are applied. All the computations are obtained numerically using Mathematica symbolical software (ND‐Solve), and the obtained results are presented in terms of the axial velocity , heat transfer rate , nanoparticle fraction profile , concentration profile , temperature profile , extra stress tensor , pressure gradient , pressure rise , and stream function . The major outcomes revealed that the square wave shape gives higher pressure gradients near the inlet and outlet parts while the multi‐sinusoidal wave gives periodic behaviors of . Also, the maximizing in thermophoresis parameter is better to obtain a higher rate of heat transfer while the increase in thermo‐diffusion and diffusion thermo effects causes a reduction in the rate of heat transfer. The discipline of biological and medical engineering, particularly for nanofluid peristaltic pumps, can benefit from the practical uses of such a model, which can be used to simulate the small vessel transport of particles in hemodynamics.
Almost-Commutative Manifolds and Gauge Theories
Authors: van Suijlekom Walter D.
Published: December 2024

In this chapter we analyze the gauge theories corresponding (in the sense of Chap. 7) to a special class of noncommutative manifolds, to wit almost-commutative, or AC manifolds. We will see that this class leads to the usual gauge theories in physics. After identifying the gauge group, the gauge fields and the scalar fields, we compute the spectral action that yields the Lagrangian of physical interest.
Beyond the Standard Model: Pati–Salam Unification
Authors: van Suijlekom Walter D.
Published: December 2024

One of the pressing questions at this point is whether noncommutative geometry may point to new physics beyond the Standard Model. The success of the spectral construction of the Standard Model, predicting its particle content, including gauge fields, Higgs fields as well as a singlet whose vev gives Majorana mass to the right handed neutrino, is a strong signal that we are on the right track. However, the mismatch between the predicted range of the Higgs mass and the experimentally observed value suggests that we should reconsider the path we took.
Finite Real Noncommutative Spaces
Authors: van Suijlekom Walter D.
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, we will enrich the finite noncommutative spaces as analyzed in the previous chapter with a real structure. For one thing, this makes the definition of a finite spectral triple more symmetric by demanding the inner product space H be an $$A-A$$

A
-
A

-bimodule, rather than just a left A-module.
Suggestions for the Next Steps
Authors: Zhao Xinyan
Published: December 2024

WTO members are currently leveraging plurilateral negotiations to advance reforms of WTO rules. Among these efforts, the TESSD has been established to facilitate plurilateral discussions on environmental sustainability. However, TESSD’s role in promoting sustainable development within WTO negotiations is somewhat constrained. This mechanism specifically focuses on advancing plurilateral negotiations related to environmental issues and does not address broader concerns such as economic development, social rights, or FTAs.

To achieve comprehensive reform of international trade rules, WTO members must establish an effective mechanism for coordinating their actions both within and beyond the WTO framework. This approach should encompass all aspects of sustainable development. To address this need, I propose the creation of a sustainable development club. This club would enhance cooperation among like-minded countries and institutionalise their collective efforts (See Sect. 7.3.3.). Through this mechanism, member countries could align their sustainable development and trade policies, develop harmonised legal norms and dispute resolution processes, and bolster their efforts to reform WTO rules.

I propose that WTO members committed to sustainable development undertake a three-step process to reform the WTO’s multilateral trade rules.

First, these members should sign the TSDA outside the WTO framework to establish a comprehensive sustainable trade regime. The TSDA should encompass the sustainable development values pursued by the parties, strategies to achieve these values, legal norms, dispute resolution mechanisms, and a periodic review process. Ideally, the parties would include the majority, if not all, members of the RCEP, EU FTAs, USMCA, and the CPTPP. By coordinating their development and trade policies through this sustainable development club, these major FTA parties can work together to reform WTO rules in alignment with their shared policies.

Second, after signing the TSDA, the parties should issue a joint ministerial statement at the WTO Ministerial Conference to expand the TESSD’s scope to include all trade-related sustainable development issues. This step would enable the sustainable development club to influence the reform of WTO rules across all dimensions of sustainable development.

Finally, the TSDA parties would negotiate various plurilateral sustainable development agreements within the sustainable development club and invite other WTO members to join these negotiations. I will elaborate on these proposals in the following sections.
The Sustainability Test
Authors: Zhao Xinyan
Published: December 2024

Existing WTO rules overly protect economic interests, often at the expense of sustainable development. To address this issue, I recommend that WTO panels adopt the sustainability test. This test, which I have developed as an academic concept, aims to reconcile WTO law with the UN SDGs. The core of the sustainability test is to balance all elements of sustainable development associated with domestic measures, ensuring that WTO panels’ rulings do not undermine these goals. Balancing different elements associated with legal issues is a common challenge. Judges have developed methodologies for balancing conflicting legal values, known as the balancing approach, especially in the context of constitutional and human rights law. This approach varies across national legal systems and is known as the proportionality test in Germany. Although the balancing approach originated in national law, it is now widely used in international dispute settlements, including those of the WTO. What balancing approach do WTO panels currently take? Can this approach effectively balance different sustainable development interests? If not, what approach should WTO panels adopt when applying the sustainability test? This chapter addresses these critical questions.
Potential Trade Rules and Policies of the Sustainable Development Club
Authors: Zhao Xinyan
Published: December 2024

WTO members can draft the Trade and Sustainable Development Agreement (TSDA) based on international and domestic trade rules and sustainable development policies. These members can build on existing frameworks to reach a consensus on establishing a sustainable development club, thereby progressively driving the reform of international trade rules and development policies. This process will eventually lead to the revision of WTO rules, effectively constitutionalising the organisation. EU trade and development policies and mega Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) offer valuable lessons for reforming international trade rules. As the most active advocate for sustainable development, the EU has incorporated numerous sustainability provisions into its trade policies. The quantity and quality of these provisions are outstanding compared to those of other national policies. Furthermore, mega FTAs represent significant efforts by the EU and other countries to integrate sustainable development policies into international trade rules. This chapter details the contents of the TSDA (i.e., the potential trade rules and policies of the sustainable development club) by highlighting the sustainability measures embedded in EU trade and development policies and mega FTAs.
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence isolation by transmastoid two-point canal plugging with preservation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex
Authors: Seiwerth Ingmar , Dlugaiczyk Julia , Schmäl Frank , Rahne Torsten , Kösling Sabrina , Plontke Stefan K.
Published: December 2024

This article describes the surgical treatment of superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) by isolating the dehiscence using transmastoid two-point canal plugging while preserving the high-frequency vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of the affected semicircular canal. The superior semicircular canal is opened via a transmastoid approach anterior (as far from the ampulla as possible) and posterior to the dehiscence and then plugged with connective tissue and bone dust. In two clinical exemplary cases, vestibular testing showed that the VOR measured by video head impulse (vHIT) test was preserved (patient 1: gain preoperative 0.7, long-term postoperative 0.75; patient 2: gain preoperative 0.64, long-term postoperative 0.79; reduction of corrective saccades in each case) with a simultaneous reduction in pathologically increased amplitudes of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) and a significant improvement in clinical symptoms with almost complete freedom from symptoms. One possible explanation for preservation of the high-frequency VOR of the superior semicircular canal would be the deformability of the endolymphatic space described at high stimulation frequencies, which can lead to endolymph movements in the area of the ampulla with deflection of the cupula despite blockage of the semicircular canal.
Direct laser micro-drilling of high-quality photonic nanojet achieved by optical fiber probe with microcone-shaped tip
Authors: Po-Hung Li Lieber , Hung Ting-Yuan , Chen Wei-Yu , Chung Hung-Ju , Cheng Chia-Hsiung , Chang Tien-Li , Chen Yu-Bin , Minin Oleg V. , Minin Igor V. , Liu Cheng-Yang
Published: December 2024

Photonic nanojet can serve as a powerful tool for direct laser micro-machining based on a non-resonance focusing phenomenon. In this study, we propose a photonic nanojet-based direct micro-drilling technique for polymer material with low-cost and low-power continuous-wave laser. The high-quality photonic nanojet is produced using the microcone-shaped probe tip, which is fabricated by the dynamic chemical etching method. By utilizing laser photonic nanojet triggered thermoplasmonics, the high-aspect-ratio microcavity is fabricated with the low threshold value of laser power. The influences of the photonic nanojet peak intensities and distributions on the drilled microcavities are systematically investigated by the experiments and the finite-difference time-domain simulations. With the continuous-wave solid-state laser at a wavelength of 671 nm, the simulations show that the photonic nanojet with a quality factor of 103 is generated at a distance of ~ 20 μm from the surface of the microcone-shaped tip with a beam waist of 252 nm in the x direction, which could overcome the diffraction limit. The experimental results show that the length and peak intensity of the photonic nanojet have increased considerably in the propagation direction by the microcone-shaped probe tip, which leads to form a deep microcavity in the polymer substrate with an aspect ratio of 5.73. The presented microcone-shaped probe tip has potential applications in processing sub-diffraction features with a high aspect ratio.
Tryptophan-supplemented diet modulates the metabolic response of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles reared under space-confined conditions and submitted to acute inflammation
Authors: Peixoto Diogo , Martos-Sitcha Juan Antonio , Costas Benjamín , Azeredo Rita , Mancera Juan Miguel
Published: December 2024

The energetic costs of being in stressful conditions require the involvement of hormones associated with metabolic support, which may also influence immune function. The present work aimed to explore the links between tryptophan nutrition and metabolic responses in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) held under space-confined conditions, and subsequently submitted to an immune challenge. To study that, two dietary treatments were evaluated, i.e. control diet (CTRL) and CTRL-based diet supplemented with tryptophan (0.3%; TRP) to fish under space-confinement conditions (10 kg/m3) or not (5 kg/m3). Dietary treatments were offered for 15 days after which fish were intraperitoneally injected (i.p.) with Photobacterium damselae piscicida. Liver was sampled before the immune challenge (at end of the nutritional trial, 0 h) and at 4, 24, 48 and 72 h post-injection. Fish-fed TRP exhibited distinct metabolic profiles compared to those fed CTRL diets, particularly in energy metabolism and stress response. CTRL-fed fish in space-confined conditions showed a gradual reduction of lipid oxidative enzyme activity post-injection, pointing to acute stress-induced lipid catabolism feedback. In contrast, stressed fish fed TRP under same rearing conditions presented reduced glucose levels and cortisol production but unchanged 3-hydroxiacil-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35, HOAD) activity patterns, suggesting an inhibitory and modulatory role of tryptophan in stress response. Discriminant analysis revealed that fish fed TRP under space-confined conditions resembled fish CTRL-fed under non-stressful conditions. These findings suggest that tryptophan dietary supplementation for stressed fish modulates their metabolic responses and potentially mitigates the negative effects of rearing stressful conditions after subsequent acute stress induced by an immune challenge.
Leading the AI transformation in schools: it starts with a digital mindset
Authors: Pietsch Marcus , Mah Dana-Kristin
Published: December 2024

Rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI) require dynamic adaptation in education to integrate new technologies timely and sustainably. In particular, the rise of generative AI requires leadership to implement it in a meaningful way for teaching and learning. School leaders have a special role to play in driving digital transformation. Based on a sample of German school leaders, this article explores how school leadership approaches and a digital mindset influence the implementation of AI in schools. Our findings provide initial and preliminary evidence that school leaders’ digital mindsets, particularly proactive agility and empathy, understood as perspective taking, influence the implementation of AI in schools. Furthermore, the findings highlight the effectiveness of ambidextrous leadership in driving AI implementation. As a consequence, our study paves the way for future explorations of the evolving landscape of AI in education and highlights the need for adaptive, empathetic, and proactive leadership in the digital age.
Imaging the initial condition of heavy-ion collisions and nuclear structure across the nuclide chart
Authors: Jia Jiangyong , Giacalone Giuliano , Bally Benjamin , Brandenburg James Daniel , Heinz Ulrich , Huang Shengli , Lee Dean , Lee Yen-Jie , Loizides Constantin , Li Wei , Luzum Matthew , Nijs Govert , Noronha-Hostler Jacquelyn , Ploskon Mateusz , van der Schee Wilke , Schenke Bjoern , Shen Chun , Somà Vittorio , Timmins Anthony , Xu Zhangbu , Zhou You
Published: December 2024

High-energy nuclear collisions encompass three key stages: the structure of the colliding nuclei, informed by low-energy nuclear physics, the initial condition, leading to the formation of quark–gluon plasma (QGP), and the hydrodynamic expansion and hadronization of the QGP, leading to final-state hadron distributions that are observed experimentally. Recent advances in both experimental and theoretical methods have ushered in a precision era of heavy-ion collisions, enabling an increasingly accurate understanding of these stages. However, most approaches involve simultaneously determining both QGP properties and initial conditions from a single collision system, creating complexity due to the coupled contributions of these stages to the final-state observables. To avoid this, we propose leveraging established knowledge of low-energy nuclear structures and hydrodynamic observables to independently constrain the QGP’s initial condition. By conducting comparative studies of collisions involving isobar-like nuclei—species with similar mass numbers but different ground-state geometries—we can disentangle the initial condition’s impacts from the QGP properties. This approach not only refines our understanding of the initial stages of the collisions but also turns high-energy nuclear experiments into a precision tool for imaging nuclear structures, offering insights that complement traditional low-energy approaches. Opportunities for carrying out such comparative experiments at the Large Hadron Collider and other facilities could significantly advance both high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics. Additionally, this approach has implications for the future electron-ion collider. While the possibilities are extensive, we focus on selected proposals that could benefit both the high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics communities. Originally prepared as input for the long-range plan of U.S. nuclear physics, this white paper reflects the status as of September 2022, with a brief update on developments since then.
Heidegger on Religion
Authors: Crowe Benjamin D.
Published: December 2024

Throughout his career, Heidegger explored the religious sides of life in ways that had far-reaching impacts on the thought of his contemporaries and successors. This Element examines three important stops along Heidegger's ways of thinking about religion as the risky performance of life in new spaces of possibility. Section 1 examines Heidegger's 1920–1921 lectures on Paul, while Section 2 turns to the darker period of the late 1930s, exploring how Heidegger reconfigures religion in the context of his “new inception” of thought beyond metaphysics. Finally, Section 3 takes up Heidegger's challenging discussions of the divine in several postwar addresses and essays. In each case, Heidegger argues that we must suspend, bracket, or rescind from our tendencies to order, classify, define, and explain things in order to carry out a venture into a situation of indeterminacy and thereby recast religion in a new light.
Reduction and Unification in Natural Language Ontology
Authors: Liefke Kristina
Published: December 2024

Semantic theories for natural language assume many different kinds of objects, including (among many others) individuals, properties, events, degrees, and kinds. Formal type-theoretic semantics tames this 'zoo' of objects by assuming only a small number of ontologically primitive categories and by obtaining the objects of all other categories through constructions out of these primitives. This Element surveys arguments for this reduction of semantic categories. It compares the ontological commitments of different such reductions and establishes relations between competing foundational semantic ontologies. In doing so, it yields insights into the requirements on minimal semantic ontologies for natural language and the challenges for semantic ontology engineering.
The physiological comparison revealed the importance of focusing anti-oxidation function during the peak laying stage in hens based on multi-omics analysis
Authors: Wang Yumeng , Sun Xi , Liu Xiaoying , Wang Chaohui , Ren Zhouzheng , Yang Xin , Yang Xiaojun , Liu Yanli
Published: December 2024

With the increase in egg production rate and the coming of peak laying period, some metabolic disorders usually emerge in layers. The current study was conducted to compare the physiological difference between the early laying stage (around 30% laying rate) and peak laying stage (more than 95% laying rate) of laying hens based on hepatic transcriptome, serum metabolomics and caecal microbiota. The results showed that the egg weight and yolk weight were significantly higher in peak laying hens. Further, serum malondialdehyde and total bile acid concentrations were higher, but total anti-oxidant capacity, total bilirubin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) concentrations were significantly lower in peak laying hens. Hepatic transcriptome analysis identified 540 up-regulated and 269 down-regulated genes. Consistently, fatty acid biosynthesis, PPAR and insulin signalling pathways were significantly enriched. Subsequently, the result of serum metabolomics identified 74 up- and 77 down-regulated metabolites. Among down-regulated metabolites, hesperetin, apigenin and betaine related to anti-oxidant function were down-regulated. In addition, western blotting result showed BCL2 and p53 proteins expressions were decreased in the peak laying period, whereas hepatic CEBPα protein level was increased. On the other hand, gut microbiota analysis revealed that Chao index was decreased in peak laying hens. And the LEfSe analysis showed the dominant microflora including Ruminococcus, Oxalobacter, Paracoccus and so on was found in peak laying hens. These findings indicated that the hepatic lipid metabolism of peak laying hens is enhanced and the decline in anti-oxidant performance of hens also implies its importance during the early stage of egg production.
Video gaming and its impact on driving simulation performance: A secondary analysis of a randomized control trial
Authors: Tang Yuni , Elder Melissa M. , Rudisill Toni M.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Individuals who play video games on computers and cellphones may have better psychomotor skills. It is unknown whether simulated driving performance varies between individuals who play video games more per week compared to individuals who play less. This study investigates whether initial simulated driving performance differs between high and low gamers during a brief (e.g., 10 minutes) driving simulation.

Methods:

Data for this study were collected at baseline during enrollment for a randomized clinical trial (n = 40). Participants playing video games for > 10 hours/week were categorized as the high gaming group; others were in the low gaming group. Each participant drove the same simulation on the STISIM M1000 simulator, which recorded various driving performance metrics (e.g., driving out of lane and time to initial collision). Data between the groups were compared using Cox proportional hazards and analysis of covariance regression models.

Results:

The average age of participants was 21 ± 2.7 years and 48% were male. After adjusting for age, sex, and miles driven per week, the high gaming group spent a mean 4% less time driving out of lane compared to the low gaming group (β = –4.03, SD = 1.32, p ≤ 0.05). No other differences were observed between groups for any other outcome.

Conclusion:

With the exception of percentage time driving out of lane, the number of hours gaming per week does not seem to impact an individual’s initial driving performance on a driving simulator. These findings may inform future driving simulation research methodology.
Hurricane Ida – Mitigation and Preparedness for Flash-Flooding in New York City
Authors: Feit Lisa , Doukas Donald , Silverberg Mark
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Hurricane Ida delivered record rainfall to the northeast, resulting in 11 deaths in New York City. We review these deaths, identify risk factors, and discuss solutions to prevent recurrence.

Methods

Deaths were confirmed by multiple sources. Locations of the deceased were obtained from obituaries and plotted on the NYC.gov flood-hazard map. Risk factor information of the decedents was collected when available. Current emergency response plans and mitigation efforts were identified on the NYC.gov officially sanctioned website.

Results

All descendants resided in basement apartments. None of the deaths occurred in a location previously designated a “flood risk zone.” While a flash flood emergency was issued during Hurricane Ida, guidance was not provided during the emergency. Flooding was compounded by the city’s aging infrastructure and lack of green space.

Conclusions

Aging infrastructure, lack of pre-notification, illegal basement apartments, and lack of a planned response all appear to have played a role in these 11 deaths.
Influence of three-dimensionality on wake synchronisation of an oscillatory cylinder
Authors: Kim Youngjae , Godavarthi Vedasri , Rolandi Laura Victoria , Klamo Joseph T. , Taira Kunihiko
Published: December 2024

We investigate the effect of three-dimensionality on the synchronisation characteristics of the wake behind an oscillating circular cylinder at

${\textit {Re}} = 300$

. Cylinder oscillations in rotation, transverse translation and streamwise translation are considered. We utilise phase-reduction analysis, which quantifies the phase-sensitivity function of periodic flows, to examine the synchronisation properties. Here, we present an ensemble-based framework for phase-reduction analysis to handle three-dimensional wakes that are not perfectly time-periodic. Based on the phase-sensitivity functions, synchronisability to three types of cylinder oscillations is evaluated. In spite of similar trends, we find that phase-sensitivity functions involving three-dimensional wakes are lower in magnitude compared with those of two-dimensional wakes, which leads to narrower conditions for synchronisation to weak cylinder oscillations. We unveil that the difference between the phase-sensitivity functions of two- and three-dimensional flows is strongly correlated to the amplitude variation of the three-dimensional flow by the cylinder motions. This finding reveals that the cylinder motion modifies the three-dimensionality of the wake as well as the phase of vortex shedding, which leads to reduced phase modulation. The synchronisation conditions of three-dimensional wakes, predicted by phase-reduction analysis, agree with the identification by parametric studies using direct numerical simulations for forced oscillations with small amplitudes. This study presents the potential capability of phase-reduction to study synchronisation characteristics of complex flows.
The wind-shade roughness model for turbulent wall-bounded flows
Authors: Meneveau Charles , Hutchins Nicholas , Chung Daniel
Published: December 2024

To aid in prediction of turbulent boundary layer flows over rough surfaces, a new model is proposed to estimate hydrodynamic roughness based solely on geometric surface information. The model is based on a fluid-mechanics motivated geometric parameter called the wind-shade factor. Sheltering is included using a rapid algorithm adapted from the landscape shadow literature, while local pressure drag is estimated using a piecewise potential flow approximation. Similarly to evaluating traditional surface parameters such as skewness or average slope magnitude, the wind-shade factor is purely geometric and can be evaluated efficiently from knowing the surface elevation map and the mean flow direction. The wind-shade roughness model is applied to over 100 different surfaces available in a public roughness database and some others, and the predicted sandgrain-roughness heights are compared with measured values. Effects of various model ingredients are analysed, and transitionally rough surfaces are treated by adding a term representing the viscous stress component.
Marine biological responses to abrupt climate change in deep time
Authors: Kiessling Wolfgang , Reddin Carl J. , Dowding Elizabeth M. , Dimitrijević Danijela , Raja Nussaïbah B. , Kocsis Ádám T.
Published: December 2024

Ancient changes in the biosphere, from organismic traits to wholesale ecosystem changes, can be aligned with climate forcing across the Phanerozoic. Clear examples of abrupt climate warming causing biodiversity crises are primarily found between the Permian and Paleogene periods. During these times, catastrophic events occurred, resembling the extreme climate scenarios projected for the near future. The paleobiologic literature around these events generally supports the hypothesis that abrupt climate change was a dominant trigger of extinction and/or ecological crisis. When climate change and climate history are considered, virtually all post-Paleozoic global biotic events can be confidently attributed to climatic change, with abrupt warming (hyperthermal events) leaving the most consistent fingerprint. The combined stress of deoxygenation and warming are sufficient to explain marine extinction patterns across most hyperthermal events. Although ocean acidification may have contributed, the direct role of pH on the extinction toll of organisms is not consistently demonstrated. Future research can enhance the correspondence between the magnitudes of climatic changes and their biological impacts, even though observed rates of change cannot currently be compared across different timescales. Mimicking multi-scale approaches in modern ecology, paleontological approaches to climate impact research will benefit from specifically targeting scaling relationships.
Brain structural damage networks at different stages of schizophrenia
Authors: Xu Ruoxuan , Zhang Xiaohan , Zhou Shanlei , Guo Lixin , Mo Fan , Ma Haining , Zhu Jiajia , Qian Yinfeng
Published: December 2024

Background

Neuroimaging studies have documented brain structural changes in schizophrenia at different stages of the illness, including clinical high-risk (cHR), genetic high-risk (gHR), first-episode schizophrenia (FES), and chronic schizophrenia (ChS). There is growing awareness that neuropathological processes associated with a disease fail to map to a specific brain region but do map to a specific brain network. We sought to investigate brain structural damage networks across different stages of schizophrenia.

Methods

We initially identified gray matter alterations in 523 cHR, 855 gHR, 2162 FES, and 2640 ChS individuals relative to 6963 healthy controls. By applying novel functional connectivity network mapping to large-scale discovery and validation resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets, we mapped these affected brain locations to four specific networks.

Results

Brain structural damage networks of cHR and gHR had limited and non-overlapping spatial distributions, with the former mainly involving the frontoparietal network and the latter principally implicating the subcortical network, indicative of distinct neuropathological mechanisms underlying cHR and gHR. By contrast, brain structural damage networks of FES and ChS manifested as similar patterns of widespread brain areas predominantly involving the somatomotor, ventral attention, and subcortical networks, suggesting an emergence of more prominent brain structural abnormalities with illness onset that have trait-like stability over time.

Conclusions

Our findings may not only provide a refined picture of schizophrenia neuropathology from a network perspective, but also potentially contribute to more targeted and effective intervention strategies for individuals at different schizophrenia stages.
Foliar characteristics of neotropical forest affect assemblages structure of parasitoid insects
Authors: Lara-Cetina Brandon , Ballina-Gómez Horacio , Bordera Santiago , Leirana-Alcocer Jorge , González-Moreno Alejandra
Published: December 2024

Several authors suggest that greater vegetation complexity provides more shelters, supporting higher parasitoid diversity. Additionally, it serves as visual cue in host searching. This study evaluates how visual stimuli and herbivore-induced vegetation changes affect parasitoid strategies and guilds in low deciduous forest [Yabucu], and Medium Semi-Evergreen forest [Noh-Bec]. We calculated the relative abundance of idiobiont and koinobiont life strategies for each vegetation type and constructed the range-abundance curves of these communities. Also, the relationship of guilds with the different types of damage from herbivory and leaf characteristics were described. The koinobiont:idiobiont (K:I) ratio was 6:1 (86.65% koinobionts and 13.35% idiobionts) in Yabucú and 1:2 (32.78% koinobionts and 67.22% idiobionts) in Noh-Bec. Some guilds were associated with vegetation: a negative correlation between fluctuating asymmetry seedlings (FAS) and parasitoids attacking larvae into the fruiting bodies of fungi was founded; the FAS is an indirect indicator of herbivory, nonetheless, the parasitoids found do not target phytophagous hosts, which makes an inverse relationship plausible and could potentially reduce intra-guild competition. Hyperparasitoids were positively associated with holes in adult plants (HA); with an association with herbivore parasitoids, which could be contributing to the recorded evidence of holes.
Not only infinity: Poverty and ‘minutiae’ in the philosophy of Giordano Bruno
Authors: Bassi Simonetta
Published: December 2024

This paper develops two perspectives. On the one hand, it analyzes and reconstructs the relationship between wealth and poverty as addressed by Giordano Bruno in the Expulsion of the Triumphant Beast, both against the backdrop of the new geographical discoveries and mercantilist theories and in relation to Bruno’s project of ethical, political, and religious renewal. On the other hand, it recovers Bruno’s passages on the ‘minuzzarie’ as a key concept to redress ‘ontological poverty’ by locating in every aspect of reality, even insignificant ones, a center of vital energy. At the beginning and at the end of the paper, mention is made of some Heideggerian writings that reveal some common assumption with Bruno’s ideas.
Printed Electrodes for the Diagnosis of Viral Infections
Authors: Nsabimana Anaclet , Snizhko Dmytro , Anjum Saima , Hosseini Morteza , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2024

Viruses cause pandemics, leading to deaths, negative economic impacts and disruptions to the daily lives of human beings. Diagnosis is one of the main strategies used to control and monitor these pandemics. The detection of viral infections is performed by identifying the virus itself, antibodies or specific biomarkers related to it. Electrochemical sensing systems offer solutions to the drawbacks of conventional viral diagnostic approaches. The invention of printed electrodes has brought significant changes to the sensing field, leading to the development of portable sensing devices with remarkable sensitivity, selectivity and stability. This chapter summarizes recent work in the field of printed electrodes for the diagnosis of viral infections. It provides examples of the sensors developed to detect various viruses, including dengue virus, HIV, Zika virus, hepatitis viruses and SARS-COV-2. Although the development of printed electrode-based diagnostic tools is still in its early stages, the results show a promising future.
Immunosensors for Cancer Biomarker Diagnosis: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Mohd-Naim Noor Faizah
Published: December 2024

Globally, cancer is one of the leading causes of death, with a significant proportion of cancer deaths due to delayed diagnosis. It is necessary to develop non-invasive, low-cost diagnostic techniques to ensure early and prompt cancer detection. Immunosensors have emerged as promising tools in the identification of cancer biomarkers for early cancer detection, as well as in the monitoring of cancer treatment. In this chapter, we describe immunosensors that have been fabricated for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). We discuss current trends in cancer immunosensors for these specific cancer biomarkers, as well as their promises, challenges, and future directions.
A series of isostructural polyoxometalate-based metal–organic frameworks of 3,5-bis(1′,2′,4′-triazol-1′-yl)pyridine: synthesis, structures and electrocatalytic properties
Authors: Xie Tinghui , Wang Xinfang , Cao Tingting , Huang Zuogang , Yu Huaguang
Published: December 2024

Three isostructural polyoxometalate-based metal–organic frameworks [MII2(btap)2(β-Mo8O26)(H2O)4]·4H2O were synthesized, and thermal derivatives of them were used as OER catalysts.
Chiral nanomaterials as vaccine adjuvants: a new horizon in immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Kaixuan , Wang Hongshuang , Wang Xiaohui
Published: December 2024

Chiral nanomaterials are emerging as a promising class of vaccine adjuvants with the potential to significantly enhance vaccine efficacy, especially in the context of cancer immunotherapy.
A potential biobased thermoplastic elastomer based on β-myrcene via RAFT-mediated miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Kalita Uddhab , Samanta Sarthik , Gowd E. Bhoje , Das Narayan Ch. , Singha Nikhil K.
Published: December 2024

This work presents the synthesis of a bio-based reprocessable, environmentally-friendly ABA-type thermoplastic elastomer using isobornyl methacrylate and β-Myrcene.
Biocatalytic synthesis of ribonucleoside analogues using nucleoside transglycosylase-2
Authors: Salihovic Admir , Ascham Alex , Rosenqvist Petja S. , Taladriz-Sender Andrea , Hoskisson Paul A. , Hodgson David R. W. , Grogan Gideon , Burley Glenn A.
Published: December 2024

Ribonucleosides are essential building blocks used extensively in antiviral and oligonucleotide therapeutics.
A multi-technique detection of an eccentric giant planet around the accelerating star HD 57625
Authors: Barbato D. , Mesa D. , D’Orazi V. , Desidera S. , Ruggieri A. , Farinato J. , Marafatto L. , Carolo E. , Vassallo D. , Ertel S. , Hom J. , Anche R. M. , Battaini F. , Becker A. , Bergomi M. , Biondi F. , Cardwell A. , Cerpelloni P. , Chauvin G. , Chinellato S. , Desgrange C. , Di Filippo S. , Dima M. , Machado T. S. Gomes , Gratton R. , Greggio D. , Henning Th. , Kenworthy M. , Laudisio F. , Lazzoni C. , Leisenring J. , Lessio L. , Lorenzetto A. , Mohr L. , Montoya M. , Rodeghiero G. , Patience J. , Power J. , Ricci D. , Santhakumari K. K. R. , Sozzetti A. , Umbriaco G. , Pallauta M. Vega , Viotto V. , Wagner K.
Published: December 2024

Context. The synergy between different detection methods is a key asset in exoplanetology that allows the precise characterization of detected exoplanets and robust constraints even in the case of a non-detection. The interplay between imaging, radial velocities and astrometry has recently produced significant advancements in exoplanetary science.

Aims. We report a first result of an ongoing survey performed with SHARK-NIR, the new high-contrast near-infrared imaging camera at the Large Binocular Telescope, in parallel with LBTI/LMIRCam in order to detect planetary companions around stars with a significant proper motion anomaly. We focus on HD 57625, a F8 star for which we determine a 4.8−2.9+3.7 Ga age, exhibiting significant astrometric acceleration and for which archival radial velocities indicate a previously undetected massive long-period companion.

Methods. We analysed the imaging data we collected with SHARK-NIR and LMIRCam in synergy with the available public SOPHIE radial velocity time series and HIPPARCOS-Gaia proper motion anomaly. With this joint multi-technique analysis, we characterised the companion causing the astrometric and radial velocity signals.

Results. The imaging observations result in a non-detection, indicating the companion to be in the substellar regime. This is confirmed by the synergic analysis of archival radial velocity and astrometric measurements resulting in the detection of HD 57625 b, a 8.43−0.91+1.1 MJup planetary companion with an orbital separation of 5.70−0.13+0.14 au and an eccentricity of 0.52−0.03+0.04.

Conclusions. HD 57625 b joins the small but growing population of giant planets on outer orbits with a true mass determination provided by the synergic usage of multiple detection methods. This again proves the importance of a multi-technique analysis in providing a robust characterization of planetary companions.
Establishing Diagnostic Reference Levels for Scintigraphy Examinations at the Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre in Marrakech-Morocco
Authors: Khajmi H. , Tounsi A. , Oufni L.
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This work aims to determine the diagnostic reference levels (DRL) for scintigraphy exams (SE) in the nuclear medicine (NM) department of the Oncology and Haematology Hospital, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre of Marrakech region of Morocco (OHH, Med VI UHC-MM). These levels were based on the most recent recommendations from the ICRP in 2023. We compared the derived DRL with the published literature. The methodology applied consisted of using data recorded retrospectively in the files of patients who had undergone scintigraphy examinations in the nuclear medicine department during the period 2021–2023. Typical values (DRLs), based on the median of the distribution of administered activity (MBq) for bone (HMDP-99mTc), thyroid (99mTc), parathyroid (Sestamibi-99mTc and 99mTc), renal (DMSA-99mTc) scans, octreoscan (Tectrotyd-99mTc), pulmonary (Pulmosic-99mTc), cardiac (Sestamibi-99mTc) (stress and rest), and cerebral (HMPAO-99mTc) were 666 MBq, 144 MBq, (86 MBq, 666 MBq), 136 MBq, 555 MBq, 144 MBq, (333 MBq and 1073 MBq), and 703 MBq, of the different types of tests.
In general, the results showed that the new DRLs were higher than the national diagnostic reference levels observed in French in 2021 and lower than those observed in South Korea in 2019, Croatia in 2020, and Switzerland in 2023.
Median nerve impairment in leprosy: how does it differ from the classic carpal tunnel syndrome?
Authors: Alves Pedro Henrique Sirotheau Corrêa , Cirino Fernanda de Oliveira , Garcia Leonardo Peixoto , Fernandes João Paulo Moreira , Luppi Andrea De Martino , Antunes Douglas Eulálio , Pereira Raquel Campos , Junior Wilson Marques , Goulart Isabela Maria Bernardes , Santos Diogo Fernandes dos
Published: December 2024

Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) has already been described as a possible form of neural leprosy presentation. However, the median nerve can be involved in this neuropathy in proximal segments and, sometimes, with an asymmetric impairment of the digital branches.

Objective To detail the pattern of median nerve impairment through nerve conduction study (NCS) and ultrasound evaluation.

Methods This cross-sectional study comprises 15 primary neural leprosy (PNL) patients and 14 patients with CTS who underwent peripheral nerve ultrasonography and NCS evaluation.

Results From the total, 92.8% of patients with CTS and 80% with PNL had bilateral impairment of the median nerve, with 27 nerves in each group. Considering the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the tunnel (Mt) segment, 63% of the nerves in the CTS and 74.1% in the PNL groups were found to be thickened, with an average CSA of 13.4 ± 4.4 and 12.4 ± 4.6, respectively (p = 0.18). The CSA of the proximal tunnel (Mpt) segment showed thickening in only 3.7% in the CTS group and 96.3% in the PNL (p < 0.0001), with an average of 6.6 ± 1.3 and 17.0 ± 6.7, respectively (p < 0.001). Finally, 88.9% of the nerves in the PNL group and only 7.4% in the CSA (p < 0.0001) showed a reduction in conduction velocity in the distal forearm, with an average of 41.0 ± 6.3 and 53.2 ± 5.2, respectively (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion The presence of neural thickening and demyelinating impairment in the segments proximal to the carpal tunnel favors the diagnosis of leprosy.
Surface phenomena in microstratificated He3−He4 solutions
Authors: Monarkha Yu. P. , Sokolov S. S.
Published: December 2024

Surface phenomena are examined theoretically for a solution of He3−He4 whose free surface is covered by a thin macroscopic He3-enriched film. The surface excitation spectrum of this microstratificated solution is shown to have two branches, one of which corresponds to ordinary rippions, and the other branch is, for thin films, sonic (third surface sound) and corresponds to height oscillations of the He3-enriched film. The contribution of surface modes to the temperature dependence of the solution surface tension has been analyzed. The possibility is considered of using small-dimension electronic systems in helium for the investigation of surface phenomena in microstratificated solutions.
Induced current state in a hollow superconducting cylinder
Authors: Arutyunyan R. M. , Zharkov G. F.
Published: December 2024

The problem of the destruction of the state with induced current (or, which is the same, with trapped magnetic flux) in a thin-walled superconducting cylinder is treated within the framework of the Ginzburg–Landau theory. Two problems are solved, namely, for a uniform specimen and a specimen with weak coupling along the cylinder generatrix. It is shown that in the case of the nonuniform cylinder the effective value of the trapped flux may be smaller than a flux quantum (n * < 1). Therefore, it turns out that the induced current state in a cylinder with weak coupling persists to higher temperatures than the n = 1 state in a uniform cylinder. This indicates that the nonuniform state may be an important factor in the destruction of superconductivity of cylindrical specimens with trapped magnetic flux.
Effect of superconducting transitions on plasticity under conditions of a trapped magnetic flux
Authors: Dotsenko V. I. , Pustovalov V. V. , Sirenko V. A.
Published: December 2024

The effect of superconducting transitions on plasticity has been studied in a number of lead alloys. Simultaneous monitoring of the magnetic induction showed that there exists a considerable amount of trapped magnetic flux, which reduces the magnitude of the flow-stress jump occurring at the superconducting transition point. By eliminating the trapped flux through heating of the samples, or by taking it into account, using the proposed procedure, we are able to obtain the true magnitude of the effect.
Reconstruction of the emission spectrum of solid nitrogen as a result of a change in the exciting electron beam parameters
Authors: Poltoratskii Yu. B. , Stepanenko V. M. , Fugol’ I. Ya.
Published: December 2024

We have found that the luminescence spectrum of solid nitrogen in the vacuum ultraviolet region undergoes a reconstruction when the parameters of the electron beam exciting the luminescence in the sample are changed. The spectrum changes from one due to the radiative decay of a single excited quasiparticle to one arising from the radiative decay of biexcitons when we go from low current densities and relatively high energies to high densities and low energies of the electrons in the beam. We investigate the emission characteristics in two limiting excitation regimes, and discuss the possible mechanism underlying the spectral reconstruction in solid α nitrogen.
Temperature dependence of the kinetic coefficients of superconductors in the intermediate state
Authors: Gorelik L. Yu. , Kadigrobov A. M.
Published: December 2024

It is demonstrated that in the case of a superconductor in the intermediate state at temperature T such that e−Δ0/T≪1 (Δ0 denoting the characteristic superconductor energy gap) the sound absorption coefficient can be strongly temperature dependent and thermal conductivity along the layers of normal metal can be nonlinearly dependent on the temperature.