bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus reactivation posthematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and type of graft: A step toward rationalizing CMV testing and positively impacting the economics of HSCT in developing countries
Authors: Uppuluri Ramya , Subburaj Divya , Jayaraman Dhaarani , Swaminathan Venkateswaran Vellaichamy , Mullanfiroze Khushnuma , Vaidhyanathan Lakshman , Raj Revathi
Published: May 2017

We aimed to determine a correlation between cytomegalovirus reactivation post hematopoeitic stem cell transplantation (post‐HSCT) with the type of graft source, defining children at risk. We analyzed data on children less than 18 years of age undergoing HSCT from 2002 to May 2016 (n = 464). Correlation between reactivation and graft source was analyzed statistically. Reactivation occurred in 3% of children with matched‐related donor (MRD) transplants, 33.3% with unrelated peripheral blood stem cells, 17.4% with unrelated cords, and 36.5% (15/41) with mismatched or haploidentical grafts (P = <0.0001). MRD does not warrant weekly PCR, unlike unrelated or haploidentical donors, thus defining protocols for developing countries with limited resources.
Quantification of specific T and B cells immunological markers in children with chronic and transient ITP
Authors: Levy‐Mendelovich Sarina , Lev Atar , Aviner Shraga , Rosenberg Nurit , Kaplinsky Caim , Sharon Nechama , Miskin Hagit , Dvir Aviya , Kenet Gili , Schushan Irit Eisen , Somech Raz
Published: May 2017

Background

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is characterized by a transient (nonchronic) or permanent (chronic) decline in the number of platelets. Predicting the course of ITP, at the time of diagnosis, is of importance. Here we studied at diagnosis, clinical and immunological parameters in order to distinguish between different courses. The latter included the measure of new B and T cells using quantification of kappa‐deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs) and T‐cell receptor excision circles (TRECs), respectively.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from 44 children with a clinical diagnosis of ITP. Real‐time PCR was performed in order to quantify the number of copies of TREC and KREC followed by collection of clinical data from medical files. The children were retrospectively divided into two groups: chronic and nonchronic.

Results

Twenty‐four patients (54%) were classified as nonchronic ITP and 20 patients (46%) were classified as chronic ITP. We confirmed some clinical parameters (e.g., gender, age) but not others (e.g., preceding infection, level of thrombocytopenia) that distinguish patients with chronic and nonchronic course. While KREC quantification was similar in patients regardless the outcome of their disease, it was significantly higher than the level of controls (P < 0.05). TREC quantification was not different between patients and controls.

Conclusions

KREC but not TREC levels are different in patients comparing to controls, pointing to an overreaction of B‐cell development as a role in the pathogenesis of ITP. These results may shed more lights on the immune mechanism of ITP.
Proteomic profiling of the hypothalamus in two mouse models of narcolepsy
Authors: Azzam Sausan , Schlatzer Daniela , Nethery David , Saleh Dania , Li Xiaolin , Akladious Afaf , Chance Mark R. , Strohl Kingman P.
Published: May 2017

Narcolepsy is a disabling neurological disorder of sleepiness linked to the loss of neurons producing orexin neuropeptides in the hypothalamus. Two well‐characterized phenotypic mouse models of narcolepsy, loss‐of‐function (orexin‐knockout), and progressive loss of orexin (orexin/ataxin‐3) exist. The open question is whether the proteomics signatures of the hypothalamus would be different between the two models. To address this gap, we utilized a label‐free proteomics approach and conducted a hypothalamic proteome analysis by comparing each disease model to that of wild type. Following data processing and statistical analysis, 14 484 peptides mapping to 2282 nonredundant proteins were identified, of which 39 proteins showed significant differences in protein expression across groups. Altered proteins in both models showed commonalties in pathways for mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal degeneration, as well as altered proteins related to inflammatory demyelination, insulin resistance, metabolic responses, and the dopaminergic and monoaminergic systems. Model‐specific alterations in insulin degraded enzyme (IDE) and synaptosomal‐associated protein‐25 were unique to orexin‐KO and orexin/ataxin‐3, respectively. For both models, proteomics not only identified clinically suspected consequences of orexin loss on energy homeostasis and neurotransmitter systems, but also identified commonalities in inflammation and degeneration despite the entirely different genetic basis of the two mouse models.
Mechanisms preventing trench defect formation in InGaN/GaN quantum well structures using hydrogen during GaN barrier growth
Authors: Massabuau Fabien , Kappers Menno , Humphreys Colin , Oliver Rachel
Published: May 2017

Here, we study the mechanisms underlying a method used to limit the formation of trench defects in InGaN/GaN quantum well structures by using H2 in the carrier gas for the growth of GaN barriers. The method leads to a complete removal of the trench defects by preventing the formation of basal‐plane stacking faults from which trench defects originate, as well as preventing the formation of stacking mismatch boundaries. The penalty paid for the absence of trench defects is the formation of InGaN wells with gross well‐width fluctuations where the H2 gas has etched away the indium locally. Where a fully formed trench defect (stacking mismatch boundary opened as V‐shaped ditch) already exists in the structure, the GaN barrier growth method using H2 results in a strongly disturbed structure of the quantum well stack in the enclosed region, with the quantum wells and barriers being in places significantly thinner than their counterparts in the surrounding material.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Diffusion of Five Kinds of Chemical Additives in Polypropylene
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Wei , Li Bo , Lin Qin‐Bao , Hu Chang‐Ying
Published: May 2017

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to investigate the diffusion behaviour of five additives [2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol (BHT), 2‐(2‐Hydroxy‐5‐methylphenyl)benzotriazole (UV‐P), 2,4‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐(5‐chloro‐2H‐benzotriazol‐2‐yl) phenol(UV‐327), 2‐(2H‐benzotriazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐(1,1,3,3‐tetramethylbutyl) phenol (UV‐329) and 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(octyloxy)benzophenone (UV‐531)] in polypropylene (PP) at the temperature of 293, 313 and 343 K. The diffusion coefficients were determined through Einstein relation connecting the data of mean square displacement at different times. The simulated diffusion coefficients were compared with that predicted by Piringer model and by experiments to evaluate the accuracy of MD simulation technique for estimating the diffusion coefficients of chemical additives in PP. Results showed that the simulated values were generally within one order of magnitude of the corresponding experimental values. The activation energies of additives were calculated by plotting the logarithm of diffusion coefficients versus the reciprocal of temperature according to Arrhenius equation. The activation energies calculated from MD simulation were also more closely to experimental values. Subsequently, the diffusion mechanism of additives inside PP was tentatively explored by analysing the interaction energy between diffusion molecules and polymer, free volume, molecular weight, size and shape, and the mobility of polymer chain. The movements of the additives in PP cell models at different simulation time suggested that for a long time, the additive molecules vibrate rather than hopping until they find the equal or larger transport channel to diffuse. It is demonstrated that the MD simulation may be a useful approach for predicting the microstructure and the diffusion coefficient of chemical additive with large molecular size and complex structure in polypropylene. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time division inter‐satellite link topology generation problem: Modeling and solution
Authors: Chu Xiaogeng , Chen Yuning
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we study the time‐division inter‐satellite link topology generation (TDILTG) problem for the well‐known Chinese BeiDou Global Navigation Satellite System. The TDILTG problem consists in generating a time‐division topology of the inter‐satellite link network for the navigation satellite system to spread systematic data to all satellites via a few source satellites with the purpose of minimizing the time required to spread the data. We propose a mathematical model to formulate the TDILTG problem and study its 2 lower bounds through a thorough analysis of the problem characteristics. We also present a deterministic constructive (DC) algorithm to solve this problem approximately but very quickly, with a time complexity of O(n3), where n is the number of satellites. Extensive experimental studies on a wide range of randomly generated instances show that the proposed DC algorithm is able to obtain the optimal solutions for most tested instances in less than 1 second. Meanwhile, we also validate that the DC algorithm performs well when the problem scale is large. Furthermore, we provide insights of the effects of different instance parameters on the final results.
High Electrocatalytic Activity of Pt/C Catalyst Promoted by TT‐Nb2O5 Nanoparticles under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Umeshbabu Ediga , Ranga Rao Gangavarapu
Published: May 2017

Methanol electrooxidation activity of pseudohexagonal niobium pentoxide (TT‐Nb2O5) nanoparticles promoted Pt/C catalyst under acidic conditions is reported. The TT‐Nb2O5 nanoparticles (nano‐TT‐Nb2O5) with crystallite size ∼22 nm were prepared by sol‐gel approach and incorporated into Vulcan carbon by a solid state intermittent microwave heating method. Subsequently, Pt nanoparticles were deposited over the TT‐Nb2O5/C composite by conventional polyol reflux method. It is found that the TT‐Nb2O5 promotes Pt particle dispersion and the average size of Pt nanoparticles thus obtained is about 3.2 nm. The electrochemical methanol oxidation studies were performed on Pt/nano‐TT‐Nb2O5/C catalyst and compared with bulk‐orthorhombic niobium pentoxide (bulk‐T‐Nb2O5) promoted Pt/C as well as bare Pt/C catalysts. The electrooxidation results show that the nano‐TT‐Nb2O5 promoted Pt/C catalyst exhibits lower onset potential and higher current density compared to Pt/bulk‐T‐Nb2O5/C and Pt/C catalysts. Also, it has shown appreciable catalytic stability and improved antipoisoning ability during the methanol oxidation. The origin of higher electrocatalytic activity of Pt/nano‐TT‐Nb2O5/C catalyst is attributed to the large number of triple‐phase interface active centers on nano‐TT‐Nb2O5, which provide abundant hydroxide (OH–) species for effective oxidation of intermediates such as adsorbed carbon monoxide (COads) at lower potentials.
DFT Studies on the Terminal Dependent Reversible Switching of Selenoxo Peptides Induced by Cationization
Authors: Joy Sherin , Sureshbabu Vommina V. , Periyasamy Ganga
Published: May 2017

Molecular switches based on various isomers of selenoxo peptides and peptide−selenoxo peptide hybrids have been studied using DFT methods. The conformers are found to switch structures differently with respect to the position of selenoxo bond either at amino or carboxylate end of peptides in response to cationization. The switch is reversible and controllable, which has been monitored using computed vibrational data and NMR chemical shift values. More preferably, switching can be probed using C−N stretching frequencies of both states. Further, the conformational change during oxidation might explain the role of selenoxo peptides in biological systems.
Interlayer Void Space as the Key Semipermeable Site for Sieving Molecules and Leaking Ions in Graphene Oxide Filter
Authors: Karim Mohammad Razaul , Islam Md. Saidul , Rabin Nurun Nahar , Takehira Hiroshi , Wakata Kosuke , Nakamura Masaaki , Ohtani Ryo , Toda Kei , Hayami Shinya
Published: May 2017

Within the nanopores, junctions and interlayer void space (IVS) in graphene oxide film (GOf), we report that IVS function as the key semipermeable site during sieving. The GOf could filter only dye molecules having nanometer‐ranged dimensions. Tinier hydrated ions with angstrom‐ranged dimensions couldn't be sieved by GOf. Nature and extent of this molecular sieving property have been justified by observing sieving efficacy and flow times for aqueous solutions of dyes, inorganic salts and their mixtures. GOf also could separate the dyes from mixtures with salts. The flow time followed the trend as: mixtures > salt solutions > dye solutions. PXRD data reveal entering of dye molecules at IVS during sieving. Obviously, a part of dye molecules leaking through the nanopores and junctions of GOf, finally become trapped at the IVS. IVS, therefore has been recognized as the key semipermeable site for molecular sieving in GO. With exploring the insight features of molecular sieving in GOf, this report clearly indicates that IVS needs to be tuned to adopt GOf for various analytical aspects including water purification, desalination and organic inorganic separation.
Mechanical connections of the precast concrete columns with detachable metal plates
Authors: Nzabonimpa J. D. , Hong Won‐Kee , Kim Jisoon
Published: May 2017

The aim of this study is to develop laminated metal plates for a moment connection of the precast concrete columns. Metal plates were proposed as a time‐ and cost‐saving alternative to conventional monolithic cast‐in‐place joints for connecting precast concrete frames. This study investigated the possibility of using mechanical joints for the connections of both steel‐concrete composite precast frames and reinforced concrete precast frames. A full erection test of precast columns connected with laminated metal plates was performed to demonstrate the efficiency and simplicity of the proposed method. It was shown that the use of the novel mechanical joints with steel plates significantly reduces construction time compared with the conventional monolithic assembly. The total precast column assembly time was approximately 10–20 min, eliminating pour forms and curing times required for the conventional concrete frames. This study also presents an analytical modeling of the proposed connection for multibay precast frames to explore the strains and stress exerted on the joints.
Fatty Acid and Phytochemical Compositions of Plantago Seed Oils and Their Functionalities
Authors: Wang Yanling , Niu Yuge , Zhao Xin , Wang Bangquan , Jiang Qianqian , Liu Jie , Sheng Yi
Published: May 2017

To develop the potential applications of Plantago plants, seed oils were extracted from 14 cultivars of Plantago around China. Their fatty acid profiles, tocopherols, carotenoid compositions, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties were also investigated. The Plantago seed oils (PSO) were abundant in linolenic acid from 11.12 to 29.36 g/100 g oil and had low fatty acid ratio of n‐6/n‐3 ratio matched with the dietary recommendations. The tocopherol contents of PSO ranged from 693.25 to 3708.80 μg/g and the lutein contents ranged from 2.29 to 26.68 μg/g. The PSO showed significant inhibitory effects on TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and COX‐2 mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells induced by LPS. In addition, the properties on scavenging DPPH, oxygen and hydroxyl radicals indicated that PSO had potential antioxidant properties. The results could develop PSO as novel functional foods to improve human health.
Structural Reforms in the Euro Area: A Greek View
Authors: Arghyrou Michael G.
Published: May 2017

Events in recent years have put the European economic integration project and the euro under pressure. The main cause of the euro crisis is loss of competitiveness, particularly on the periphery of the Economic and Monetary Union. To reverse this, Union members must promote structural reforms that increase long-term employment, productivity and external competitiveness. The successful implementation of reforms, however, requires sufficient public support, which in turn presupposes measures that support demand during the implementation of reforms. To that end, important steps include taking an expenditure-based approach to fiscal adjustment and the introduction of the European Deposit Insurance Scheme. And for Greece in particular, the set of necessary steps includes taking ownership of reforms, the downward revision of fiscal targets, and medium- and long-term measures of debt relief conditional upon meeting fiscal/reform targets. Finally, the stability of the euro hinges on the moderation of all fiscal and external imbalances across all member states, regardless of whether these imbalances are apparent or not.
Chickens, Ants, Grasshoppers and Pigs: Proposed Segmentation Approach in the Field of Sustainability Living
Authors: Jayaratne Menuka , Mort Gillian Sullivan , D'souza Clare
Published: May 2017

The goal of the Paris Agreement reiterated climate change actions. On reflection, both levels, production and consumption, need to be considered to attain sustainability. Consumers play a pivotal role in creating demand and driving sustainable production and consumption. With this in mind, this research study aims to identify consumer segments who are sustainability concerned and committed to sustainability living. Qualitative research was undertaken using semi-structured depth interviews. Fifty-one consumers participated in this research. The research implemented a metaphor to get a deeper understanding of different consumer groups in the field of sustainability living. Two well-known fables were used as a metaphor, i.e. The Chicken and the Pig and The Ant and the Grasshopper. This research identifies four segments based on fable characters: Chickens, sustainability concerned consumers who contribute and are involved in sustainability living in their everyday life; Ants, ‘dark green’ consumers; Grasshoppers, resistant to sustainability living identity; and Pigs, sustainability entrepreneurs. With these fable characters, this research profiles the segments for the field of sustainability living using 4L's – Leaners/Learners (Chickens), Leaders (Ants), Lazers (Grasshoppers) and Lifters (Pigs). Although sustainability segments have been identified before, this research provides a different understanding of these unique segments and opens new avenues for marketers and researchers. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications and future research directions.
Varieties of Musical Irony
Authors: Cherlin Michael
Published: May 2017

Irony, one of the most basic, pervasive, and variegated of rhetorical tropes, is as fundamental to musical thought as it is to poetry, prose, and spoken language. In this wide-ranging study of musical irony, Michael Cherlin draws upon the rich history of irony as developed by rhetoricians, philosophers, literary scholars, poets, and novelists. With occasional reflections on film music and other contemporary works, the principal focus of the book is classical music, both instrumental and vocal, ranging from Mozart to Mahler. The result is a surprising array of approaches toward the making and interpretation of irony in music. Including nearly ninety musical examples, the book is clearly structured and engagingly written. This interdisciplinary volume will appeal to those interested in the relationship between music and literature as well as to scholars of musical composition, technique, and style.
Critical Thinking
Authors: Dwyer Christopher P.
Published: May 2017

Dwyer's book is unique and distinctive as it presents and discusses a modern conceptualization of critical thinking – one that is commensurate with the exponential increase in the annual output of knowledge. The abilities of navigating new knowledge outputs, engaging in enquiry and constructively solving problems are not only important in academic contexts, but are also essential life skills. Speciﬁcally, the book provides a modern, detailed, accessible and integrative model of critical thinking that accounts for critical thinking sub-skills and real-world applications; and is commensurate with the standards of twenty-first-century knowledge. The book provides both opportunities to learn and apply these skills through a series of exercises, as well as guidelines on how critical thinking can be developed and practised, in light of existing psychological research, which can be used to enhance the experience of critical thinking training and facilitate gains in critical thinking ability.
Antitrust Enforcement and State Restraints at the Mainland China-Hong Kong Interface: The Importance of Bilateral Antitrust Co-operation
Authors: KWOK Kelvin Hiu Fai
Published: May 2017

This article argues that effective co-operation between the antitrust authorities of Mainland China and Hong Kong in antitrust enforcement and the removal of anti-competitive state restraints is essential to the promotion of market competition in, as well as free trade and economic integration between, the two regions. This entails the careful design and conclusion of a bilateral co-operation agreement embracing not only comity co-peration in antitrust enforcement, but also the adoption of a diplomatic solution of mutual self-restraint for the removal of anti-competitive state restraints at the Mainland China-Hong Kong interface. This would also require the co-operation of Mainland Chinese and Hong Kong government authorities. Only with such bilateral cooperation can anti-competitive business practices and state restraints obstructing free trade and economic integration between the two regions be eliminated.
Energy requirements for growth in the Yorkshire terrier
Authors: Alexander Janet E. , Colyer Alison , Morris Penelope J.
Published: May 2017

The 2006 National Research Council (NRC) equation calculating puppy energy requirements does not account for reported breed differences in growth pattern. Energy requirements of toy breed puppies are unknown and it is unclear whether feeding guidelines should differ between breeds. Energy requirements of Yorkshire terrier (YT) puppies were observed over their first year of life and compared with those predicted by the NRC and those previously observed in large (Labrador retriever) and medium (miniature Schnauzer; MS) breed puppies. Twenty-two puppies (from eight litters) were offered complete and balanced diets to maintain ideal body condition score (BCS). Energy intake, body weight and BCS were recorded from 10 to 52 weeks of age. Every 12 weeks, health was monitored by veterinary examination, routine haematology and plasma biochemistry. Puppies remained clinically healthy with normal skeletal development throughout. After analysis by linear mixed models it was observed that the NRC equation overestimates YT energy requirements between 10 and 20 weeks of age by up to 324·3 (95 % CI 390·4, 258·2) kJ/kg0·75. Energy intake was lower (P < 0·05) in YT than Labradors until 29 weeks by up to 376·6 (95 % CI 477·4, 275·3) kJ/kg0·75 and lower than MS between 16 and 25 weeks by up to 216·3 (95 % CI 313·0, 119·7) kJ/kg0·75 (P < 0·05). Data indicate differences in toy, medium and large breed energy requirements for growth. The NRC equation for puppy energy requirements overestimated the requirements of this YT population, suggesting the need for breed-specific feeding guides for growth to avoid overfeeding.
Peace Agreements: Their Nature and Legal Status
Authors: Bell Christine
Published: May 2017

The last fifteen years have seen a proliferation of peace agreements. Some 50 percent of civil wars have terminated in peace agreements since 1990, more than in the previous two centuries combined, when only one in five resulted in negotiated settlement. Numerically, these settlements amount to over three hundred peace agreements in some forty jurisdictions. International standards have even begun to regulate peace agreements. United Nations guidelines, guidelines and recommendations of the secretary-general, and Security Council resolutions have all normatively addressed peace agreements: both the processes by which they are negotiated and their substance, particularly with relation to accountability for past human rights abuses.
Wholewheat flour ensures higher mineral absorption and bioavailability than white wheat flour in rats
Authors: Levrat-Verny Marie-Anne , Coudray Charles , Bellanger Jacques , Lopez Hubert W. , Demigné Christian , Rayssiguier Yves , Rémésy Christian
Published: May 2017

Consumption of unrefined whole flour is thought to affect mineral bioavailability because it contains high levels of fibre and phytic acid. The present experiment was designed to study the absorption of minerals from diets based on wholewheat flour and white wheat flour in rats. Two groups of male Wistar rats were fed on the diets for 3 weeks and absorption and tissue retention of minerals were studied. The rats fed on the wholewheat flour diet had significantly greater food intake, weight gain, faecal excretion and intestinal fermentation than those fed on the white flour diet. Mineral intakes, except for Ca, were significantly greater in rats fed on the wholewheat flour diet (4-fold for Mg, 2-fold for Fe and Zn). A significant rise in the apparent absorption of Fe (%) and a significant decrease in the apparent absorption of Zn (%) were observed. The amounts of minerals absorbed (mg/d) were significantly enhanced (excepted for Ca) with the wholewheat flour diet. Moreover, plasma and tibia levels of Mg and plasma, liver and tibia levels of Fe were significantly increased in rats fed on the wholewheat flour diet compared with those fed on the white flour diet. In conclusion, wholewheat flour, rich in phytic acid and minerals, did not have a negative effect on mineral absorption, but rather improved the bioavailability of some minerals. Human studies are needed to confirm these rat results before extrapolation to human nutrition.
Electoral Competition, Control and Learning
Authors: Dewan Torun , Hortala-Vallve Rafael
Published: May 2017

This article explores an agency model in which voters learn about both an incumbent and an opponent. They observe the incumbent’s policy record and update their beliefs about his opponent via a campaign. Although the former is relatively more informative, it can be costly for the voter to learn about the incumbent from her policy record. This is because policy reforms, which allow a voter to learn an incumbent’s ability, are risky and can leave the voter worse off. Then the voter may prefer the incumbent to take safer actions. The efficient level of reform – the one preferred by the voter – balances the value of learning with the expected policy costs/benefits. In a world where the opponent’s campaign is uninformative, reform can be too low due to the incumbent’s fear of failure. Or it can be too high: the incumbent may gamble on success. This article shows that the presence of an opponent who can reveal information via a campaign exacerbates these inefficiencies. An incumbent who anticipates the effect of an opponent’s campaign on voter beliefs is more likely to make inefficient policy choices. Further, such campaigns can lead to an overall welfare loss when they reveal little about the opponent’s ability and yet have an impact on the incumbent’s policy choice.
Tense and control interpretations in gerund-participle and to-infinitive complement constructions with verbs of risk
Authors: Duffley Patrick , Arseneau Maryse
Published: May 2017

This study investigates temporal and control interpretations with verbs of risk followed by non-finite complements in English. It addresses two questions: Why does the gerund-participle show variation in the temporal relation between the event it denotes and that of the main verb whereas the to-infinitive manifests a constant temporal relation? Why does the gerund-participle construction allow variation in control while the to-infinitive shows constant subject control readings? The study is based on a corpus of 1345 attested uses. The explanation is framed in a natural-language semantics involving the meanings of the gerund-participle, the infinitive, the preposition to, and the meaning-relation between the matrix and its complement. Temporal and control interpretations are shown to arise as implications grounded in the semantic content of what is linguistically expressed. It is argued that the capacity of a natural-language semantic approach to account for the data obviates the need to have recourse to purely syntactic operations to account for control.
Affectees in subject position and applicative theory
Authors: Kim Kyumin
Published: May 2017

The aim of this article is twofold. First, based on passives in Japanese and Korean, it expands the domain of the applicative head (Appl) to include an argument in the structural subject position. These languages provide evidence for a new type of Appl, peripheral Appl, distinct from the well-known high Appl in Bantu: unlike high Appl, peripheral Appl is the highest argument-introducing head under T, and can merge above VoiceP. The recognition of peripheral Appl makes it possible to account for the cross-linguistic positional variation among affectee arguments. Second, the article provides articulated clause structures for passives in Japanese and Korean in terms of Appl. The applicative account proves to be successful in providing a unified account of Japanese possessive and non-possessive passives, and of Korean possessive passives and causatives.
A Comparative Study of the Synoptic Parallels in I Paraleipomena and I–II Reigns
Authors: Shenkel James Donald
Published: May 2017

In composing his history of the monarchy the Chronicler incorporated material from the canonical Books of Samuel and Kings into his text. Although the Hebrew text of Chronicles in these parallel passages is not identical in every respect with the Hebrew text of Samuel and Kings, the correspondence of the two Hebrew texts is very close. Since the Greek translation of Samuel and Kings undoubtedly preceded that of Chronicles, the question arises whether the translator of Chronicles into Greek made use of the Greek translation of Samuel and Kings, and if so, in which text form or recension. The present investigation is confined to a comparative study of the synoptic parallels in the Greek texts of I Paraleipomena and I–II Reigns.
Partiality in the Assembly: James 2:2–4
Authors: Ward Roy Bowen
Published: May 2017

After exhorting the brethren not to hold the faith with acts of partiality (2:1), the author of the Epistle of James presents an example of partiality in the assembly (2:2, 3), followed by a reproach in the form of a rhetorical question (2:4). Dibelius has rightly warned against historicizing this example, as though it presented an actual incident for which the author gives advice. But even when James 2:2, 3 is understood as an example employed for paraenetic purposes, still we must ask how this example was understood —i.e., what type of situation is depicted and what is the point of the example?
Old Readings in 1 Esdras: The List of Returnees From Babylon (Ezra 2 // Nehemiah 7)
Authors: Klein Ralph Walter
Published: May 2017

In a recent study of the Greek text of 1 Esdras we argued that it frequently reflected an old, often nonexpanded Semitic Vorlage despite the many corruptions and secondary expansions peculiar to the “apocryphal” text. Esdras B [hereafter: G], on the other hand, was also found to differ from the received Hebrew text, but its variants were small enough that its underlying text-type could be called Proto-Massoretic. This analysis conflicts with that of Bernhard Walde, Wilhelm Rudolph, and others, who would assign the same geographical and chronological horizons and nearly identical Vorlagen to 1 Esdras and G. We shall test our interpretation, therefore, by studying the differences in the Hebrew texts of Ezra 2 and Nehemiah 7 on the basis of the translation of Ezra 2 in 1 Esdras 5. Although the latter has many omissions and doublets —in fact, it is in relatively poor shape —not enough attention has been paid to its alternation between Ezra-type and Nehemiah-type texts.
The Episode of the Golden Roman Shields at Jerusalem
Authors: Maier Paul L.
Published: May 2017

Although Pontius Pilate is known primarily because of one episode —his sentencing Jesus of Nazareth to the cross —and from one source — the New Testament, there are five discrete incidents involving him which are reported in extra-Biblical sources. They are: the so-called “affair of the standards” at Jerusalem, his construction of an aqueduct in the same city, the episode of the golden shields in Jerusalem, his repression of armed Samaritans on Mt. Gerizim, and, finally, his citation to Rome by the proconsul of Syria, Vitellius, and his arrival there after the emperor Tiberius died in 37 A.D. Josephus is our source for all these incidents except for the golden shields affair, which is reported only by Philo in his Embassy to Gaius.
Examining Rural Older Adults’ Perceptions of Cognitive Health
Authors: Bacsu Juanita , Abonyi Sylvia , Viger Marc , Morgan Debra , Johnson Shanthi , Jeffery Bonnie
Published: May 2017

La littérature existante sur la santé cognitive se concentre sur les perspectives des personnes âgées atteintes de démence. Cependant, on sait peu de la façon dont les personnes âgées en bonne santé, sans démence, comprendre leur santé cognitive. Dans les communautés rurales, le diagnostic précoce de la démence peut être entravé par de nombreux facteurs, y compris le défi du transport, les obstacles culturels et l’accès inadéquat aux soins de santé et aux services de soutien.

Sur la base des observations des participants et de deux séquences de 42 entrevues semi-structurées, cette étude a examiné les perceptions de la santé cognitive des personnes agées en milieu rural. En fournissant une base théorique innovante, éclairée par la culture et les perspectives locales, les résultats révèlent une vision complexe et multidimensionnelle de la santé cognitive. Il est essentiel que les décideurs, les chefs communautaires et les chercheurs, dans la mesure où ils travaillent pour répondre aux besoins de santé cognitive d’une population vieillissante en milieu rural, écoutent les opinions des personnes âgées rurales.
First report of the qnrA determinant in Shigella sonnei isolated from China
Authors: QIAN H. M. , QIN T. T. , LIU G. Y. , LI J. , MA P. , KONG X. X. , GU B. , BAO C. J.
Published: May 2017

We investigated the first presence of qnrA among Shigella sonnei clinical isolates in Jiangsu Province, China. The qnrA-positive isolates coexisted with the mutation in gyrA at codon 83, these isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and 22·2% (2 of 9) of them were resistant to norfloxacin.
Dynamic networks of heterogeneous timed machines
Authors: FIADEIRO JOSÉ , LOPES ANTÓNIA , DELAHAYE BENOÎT , LEGAY AXEL
Published: May 2017

We present an algebra of discrete timed input/output automata that may execute in the context of different clock granularities – which we call timed machines; this algebra includes a refinement operator through which a machine can be extended with new states and transitions in order to accommodate a finer clock granularity as required to interoperate with other machines, and an extension of the traditional product of timed input–output automata to the situation in which the granularities of the two machines are not the same. Over this algebra, we then define an algebra of networks of timed machines that includes operations through which networks can be modified at run time, thus offering a model for systems of interconnected components that can dynamically bind to other systems and, therefore, cannot be adjusted at design time to ensure that they operate in a timed homogeneous setting. We investigate important properties of timed machines such as consistency – in the sense that a machine can be ensured to generate a non-empty language, and feasibility – in the sense that a machine can be ensured to generate a non-empty language no matter what inputs it receives, and propose techniques for checking if timed machines are consistent or are feasible. We generalise those properties to networks of timed machines, and investigate how consistency and feasibility of networks can be proved through properties that can be checked at design time without having to compute, at run time, the product of the machines that operate on those networks, which would not be practical.
Dynamic adjustment and the specification of empirical economic models of deforestation
Authors: Aisbett Emma , Doupé Patrick , Tacconi Luca
Published: May 2017

Tropical deforestation has been one of the most significant global environmental changes of recent decades and has spurred a substantial academic literature. Despite this, the empirical literature provides inconsistent evidence on the role of basic economic determinants of deforestation such as income and population. The authors suggest that one explanation for this inconsistency is a tendency to use incomplete or incorrect dynamic regression specifications. They derive three plausible dynamic empirical model specifications and compare their performance both with each other and with an ad hoc model typical of those used in the literature. Statistical tests support the use of more completely specified models which allow for dynamic adjustment of forest cover.
The potential impact of compositional changes in farmed fish on its health-giving properties: is it time to reconsider current dietary recommendations?
Authors: de Roos Baukje , Sneddon Alan A , Sprague Matthew , Horgan Graham W , Brouwer Ingeborg A
Published: May 2017

Assessment of national dietary guidelines in a number of European countries reveals that some are based on cohort studies, focusing on total seafood consumption, while others are based on the content of EPA and DHA, distinguishing between oily and other fish. The mean actual intake of fish in most countries is around or below the recommended intake, with differences in intake of fish being present between sex and age groups. Many people do not reach the national recommendation for total fish intake. Dietary recommendations for fish and EPA/DHA are based mainly on data collected more than 10 years ago. However, methods of farmed fish production have changed considerably since then. The actual content of EPA and DHA in farmed salmon has nearly halved as the traditional finite marine ingredients fish meal and fish oil in salmon diets have been replaced with sustainable alternatives of terrestrial origin. As farmed salmon is an important source of EPA and DHA in many Western countries, our intake of these fatty acids is likely to have decreased. In addition, levels of vitamin D and Se are also found to have declined in farmed fish in the past decade. Significant changes in the EPA and DHA, vitamin D and Se content of farmed fish means that average intakes of these nutrients in Western populations are probably lower than before. This may have consequences for the health-giving properties of fish as well as future dietary recommendations for fish intake.
Gaps in international nutrition and child feeding guidelines: a look at the nutrition and young child feeding education of Ghanaian nurses
Authors: Davis Jennie N , Brown Helen , Ramsay Samantha A
Published: May 2017

Objective

To examine the nutrition and young child feeding (YCF) education and training of nurses in public health clinics of Ghana’s Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrem region (KEEA) in relation to global health guidelines, and how nurses served as educators for caregivers with children aged 0–5 years.

Design

A qualitative study of semi-structured one-on-one and group interviews (n21) following a questionnaire of closed- and open-ended questions addressing child feeding, nutrition and global health recommendations. Interviews were conducted in English, audio-recorded, transcribed and coded. Descriptive data were tabulated. Content analysis identified themes from open-ended questions.

Setting

KEEA public health clinics (n12).

Subjects

Nurses (n41) purposefully recruited from KEEA clinics.

Results

A model capturing nurses’ nutrition and YCF education emerged with five major themes: (i) adequacy of nurses’ basic knowledge in breast-feeding, complementary feeding, iron-deficiency anaemia, YCF and hygiene; (ii) nurses’ delivery of nutrition and YCF information; (iii) nurses’ evaluation of children’s health status to measure education effectiveness; (iv) nurses’ perceived barriers of caregivers’ ability to implement nutrition and YCF education; and (v) a gap in global health recommendations on YCF practices for children aged 2–5 years.

Conclusions

Nurses demonstrated adequate nutrition and YCF knowledge, but reported a lack of in-depth nutrition knowledge and YCF education for children 2–5 years of age, specifically education and knowledge of YCF beyond complementary feeding. To optimize child health outcomes, a greater depth of nutrition and YCF education is needed in international health guidelines.
The search for habitable planets with biosignature gases framed by a ‘Biosignature Drake Equation’
Authors: Seager Sara
Published: May 2017

The discovery of thousands of exoplanets in the last two decades has uncovered a wide diversity of planets that are very different from those in our own Solar System. Ideas for how to detect signs of life in the variety of planetary possibilities, by way of biosignature gases, are expanding, although they largely remain grounded in study of familiar gases produced by life on Earth and how they appear in Earth's spectrum as viewed as an exoplanet. What are the chances we will be able to observe and identify biosignature gases on exoplanets in the coming two decades? I review the status of the search for habitable planets and biosignature gases framed by a ‘Biosignature Drake Equation’.
Wie können wir die Lebensqualität von Patienten mit COPD verbessern?
Authors: Brändli Otto
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung. Lungenkranke mit COPD, einer der häufigsten Todesursachen in der Schweiz, leiden darunter, dass ihre Krankheit in der Bevölkerung zu wenig bekannt ist oder als selbst verschuldete «Raucherlunge» bezeichnet wird. Auch die Luftverschmutzung durch Feinstaub sollte als Ursache bekämpft werden. Dank Früherkennung mit Fragebogen und Lungenfunktionsmessung können die kosteneffizientesten Massnahmen wie Raucherentwöhnung, Inhalationstherapie und selbständiges Körpertraining eine Verbesserung der Lebensqualität bewirken. Mit pulmonalen Rehabilitationsprogrammen kann die Mitarbeit der Patienten, insbesondere zur Vermeidung von teuren COPD-Exazerbationen, verbessert werden.
Aktuelle Entwicklungen und Trends in der Urologie
Authors: Schmid Hans-Peter , Betschart Patrick , Zumstein Valentin , Müllhaupt Gautier , Abt Dominik
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung. Die Standardintervention beim benignen Prostatasyndrom ist die transurethrale Resektion der Prostata. In einer prospektiv-randomisierten Studie wird derzeit evaluiert, ob die Embolisation der prostatischen Arterien eine effiziente und sichere Alternative sein könnte. Die Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms wird bei der Indikationsstellung und Durchführung der Prostatabiopsie ergänzt durch die multiparametrische Magnetresonanztomografie. Die offene retropubische und die roboterassistierte laparoskopische Prostatektomie liefern vergleichbare Resultate bezüglich positiver chirurgischer Schnittränder, Urinkontinenz und erektiler Funktion. Letztere Technik hat aber Vorteile beim Blutverlust, bei den postoperativen Schmerzen und bei der Hospitalisationsdauer. Eine lokale Therapie der Prostata (operativ oder Strahlentherapie) ist beim metastasierten Karzinom experimentell und ausserhalb von Studien nicht angezeigt. Bei Nieren- und Harnleitersteinen wird vermehrt die Ureterorenoskopie und weniger die extrakorporale Stosswellenlithotripsie angewendet.
CME
Authors: Lüthi Liudmila , Kistler Andreas , Nowak Albina
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung. Die Hyperkaliämie bei Dialysepatienten ist die häufigste Elektrolytstörung, die mit erhöhtem Risiko für Herz-Kreislauf-Mortalität und arrhythmogenen Tod verbunden ist. Die Prävalenz der Hyperkaliämie bei Dialysepatienten liegt bei ca. 8,7–10 %, die Sterblichkeit im Zusammenhang mit Hyperkaliämie bei ca. 3,1/1000 Patienten-Jahre, und etwa 24 % der Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz werden aufgrund einer schweren Hyperkaliämie notfallmässig dialysiert. Um die Zeit bis Hämodialyse-Beginn zu überbrücken, ist es sinnvoll, die Therapie-Strategien zu kombinieren. Die Hyperkaliämie bei Hämodialysepatienten ist oft durch Diätfehler verursacht. Nach Korrektur der Hyperkaliämie muss deren Ursache geklärt werden.
Visualization of lithium-ion transport and phase evolution within and between manganese oxide nanorods
Authors: Xu Feng , Wu Lijun , Meng Qingping , Kaltak Merzuk , Huang Jianping , Durham Jessica L. , Fernandez-Serra Marivi , Sun Litao , Marschilok Amy C. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Hybertsen Mark S. , Zhu Yimei
Published: May 2017

Multiple lithium-ion transport pathways and local phase changes upon lithiation in silver hollandite are revealed via in situ microscopy including electron diffraction, imaging and spectroscopy, coupled with density functional theory and phase field calculations. We report unexpected inter-nanorod lithium-ion transport, where the reaction fronts and kinetics are maintained within the neighbouring nanorod. Notably, this is the first time-resolved visualization of lithium-ion transport within and between individual nanorods, where the impact of oxygen deficiencies is delineated. Initially, fast lithium-ion transport is observed along the long axis with small net volume change, resulting in two lithiated silver hollandite phases distinguishable by orthorhombic distortion. Subsequently, a slower reaction front is observed, with formation of polyphase lithiated silver hollandite and face-centred-cubic silver metal with substantial volume expansion. These results indicate lithium-ion transport is not confined within a single nanorod and may provide a paradigm shift for one-dimensional tunnelled materials, particularly towards achieving high-rate capability.
Fibril polymorphism affects immobilized non-amyloid flanking domains of huntingtin exon1 rather than its polyglutamine core
Authors: Lin Hsiang-Kai , Boatz Jennifer C. , Krabbendam Inge E. , Kodali Ravindra , Hou Zhipeng , Wetzel Ronald , Dolga Amalia M. , Poirier Michelle A. , van der Wel Patrick C. A.
Published: May 2017

Polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin protein is the primary genetic cause of Huntington’s disease (HD). Fragments coinciding with mutant huntingtin exon1 aggregate in vivo and induce HD-like pathology in mouse models. The resulting aggregates can have different structures that affect their biochemical behaviour and cytotoxic activity. Here we report our studies of the structure and functional characteristics of multiple mutant htt exon1 fibrils by complementary techniques, including infrared and solid-state NMR spectroscopies. Magic-angle-spinning NMR reveals that fibrillar exon1 has a partly mobile α-helix in its aggregation-accelerating N terminus, and semi-rigid polyproline II helices in the proline-rich flanking domain (PRD). The polyglutamine-proximal portions of these domains are immobilized and clustered, limiting access to aggregation-modulating antibodies. The polymorphic fibrils differ in their flanking domains rather than the polyglutamine amyloid structure. They are effective at seeding polyglutamine aggregation and exhibit cytotoxic effects when applied to neuronal cells.