bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Malay Documentation Centre of the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Malaysia): From Philology to the Social Sciences
Authors: Rustam Rohani
Published: August 2016

Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) is a unique organization, established with the intention of realizing the nationalistic dreams of Malays to enhance the position of their language to be a national and modern language in a post-colonial state (Malaya). Since its inception, the DBP was entrusted with multiple roles – publishing school textbooks for the newly established educational system, enlarging the corpus of modern terminologies for the language, conducting research on Malay traditional literature, and even developing a modern Malay literature. The library of DBP, however, was initially perceived to be no more than a departmental library for the organization. Later the library was even perceived to be a public library – providing reference materials and reading space for secondary school students. As the research activities of the various departments within the DBP increased, the library became more and more involved in systematic custodianship of research materials on Malay language and literature – including the acquisition of manuscripts. The library also became a depository of newspaper and periodicals clippings in order to assist DBP's interest in modern Malay literature, which can basically be described as a ‘newspaper or periodical literature’. In the early stages, the research orientation of DBP – and therefore the acquisition policy of the library – was greatly influenced by the orientation of Malay (Oriental) Studies scholars in the West. Later, as the orientation changed, the scope also changed to cover the various fields of modern social sciences. These changes in orientation and acquisition policy have contributed greatly towards making the library (now known as the Malay Documentation Centre) a rich source of materials on the Malays – not just their language and literature but also other aspects of their social and cultural life.
The Shock of the Ultra New
Authors: Délano S. Marialyse
Published: August 2016

From the starting point of her recollections of working with Dr Maurice Line during his consultancy for the Chilean National Library, the author describes the modernization of the Chilean Library of Congress and the development of a new Mission and Vision Statement for the Library that not only contributes to the parliamentary functions of Congress, but brings it closer to citizens by providing a space for social interaction and contributing to the building of the national community. In an era of blogs and communication through mobile phones, new forms of participation are having their effect on political and civic life. The Library needs to understand these mechanisms and innovate in the products and services it offers, for example through cybersocial networks. Such initiatives, which regard clients proactively, demand a major revolution in staff attitudes. However, they now form a concrete programme of activities and projects that reflects this cultural change.
The Preservation Landscape in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Authors: Feather John , Lockyer Suzanne , Matthews Graham , Muir Adrienne
Published: August 2016

This paper describes and analyses the major organizations involved in library and archive preservation in the UK and Ireland, and puts them in their international context. The work was based on a questionnaire survey and interviews with stakeholders, as part of a wider review of the role of the National Preservation Office. It is concluded that the complexity has led to some confusion, and that there is a lack of coordination which needs to be resolved.
The Lenin State Library: The National Library of the USSR
Authors: Igumnova N.P.
Published: August 2016

The Lenin State Library (LSL) was built on foundations laid in the mid-19th century, and received large and valuable additions after the 1917 Revolution. Its status, principles and organizational basis were confirmed by a government decree of 1984.

Among its functions were that of a public library serving the population at large, and as the centre for the national retrospective, scholarly and ‘recommendatory bibliography’. The collections contain c.40 million units, but acquisitions are now substantially reduced because of the economic crisis and the political changes. Some expensive institutional and private national imprints do not come within the framework of the present legal deposit system, and the LSL now has little money to buy foreign materials. Space shortage and poor conservation conditions inhibit its work in the field of preservation. It is heavily used, each year receiving 2.6 visits and issuing 30 million volumes. The catalogue of the former restricted collection has been incorporated in the public catalogues and the materials are now available. A ‘Concept’ recently developed for the period up to 2010 distinguishes two groups of functions – main functions, which follow from the library's social purpose, and additional functions which emerge at certain stages of development. Other important functions already being performed are specialized information support of government bodies, the Book Museum and the Central Scientific-Military Library. The scale of activities of the LSL, which is not limited by geographical or departmental borders, is expressed in the definition of it as the Ail-Union national library; this together with the national libraries of the republics makes up the aggregate system of national libraries of the country.
An Academic Library as an Integrated Information Centre: The Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Rózsa György
Published: August 2016

In Hungary the system of national and universal library collections and services is provided, not by a single institution, but by the cooperation of three institutions: the ‘ELTE’ Budapest University Library (founded 1635), the National Széchényi Library (founded 1805) and the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (LHAS), the subject of this article. When the first president of the academy, Count József Teleki, founded the library with his own family collection of 30,000 volumes, he ordered that it should be put ‘at the disposal of all citizens of the country’. An international exchange of publications, begun in 1833, today covers about 1,600 institutions in nearly 80 countries. The library has the most important collection of scientific periodicals in Hungary. Computer-based services, most of which are provided on subscription, started with the Science Citation Index database at the beginning of the 1980s. An extension of the subscription services to cover the social sciences is in progress. Access is also being provided to specialized databases, e.g. in the field of economics, sociology and medicine. The latest development is the automation of library ‘housekeeping’ operations. This complex library automation programme is planned to be operational by 1992, and should provide LHAS with an integrated system of information collections and services capable of joining the integrated information system of a Common Europe.
The Two National Libraries of South Africa
Authors: Westra P.E. , Zaaiman R.B.
Published: August 2016

South Africa has two national libraries, the South African Library in Cape Town (founded 1818) and the State Library in Pretoria (1887). The South African Library has as its main duties the preservation of legal deposit and rare material, the provision of a national reference service, and the compilation of retrospective bibliographies. The State Library has to render national bibliographic services and coordinate bibliographic activities among South African libraries; its bookstock is intended for use rather than preservation. Both libraries have to maintain a complete collection of material emanating from and relating to South Africa. Both were founded in first world environments, yet they are mandated by the National Libraries Act to give information services to the whole population. Political and social developments in South Africa require both libraries to consider their future roles. They will continue to receive financial support only if they make significant contributions within the new South Africa.
Wisdom, Knowledge, Information and Data
Authors: Durance Cynthia J. , Taylor Hugh A.
Published: August 2016

Libraries, archives and records management all face daunting challenges in the next decade as the information age firmly takes hold. These challenges include the ability to acquire, preserve and make accessible information in electronic form, a pressing need to preserve deteriorating paper-based holdings, a continuing need for storage space for growing collections, and the availability to users of records of the holdings of each repository. The three disciplines of librarian, archivist and records manager have an intertwined history, although they have diverged and converged at different times. The effect of the marriage of computing and telecommunications technology is producing information in combinations of media which are once again forcing the convergence of these disciplines, and great benefit can accrue from closer collaboration amongst them: but in order to benefit from cooperation each needs to understand more clearly, and respect more fully, the traditions, theories and functions of the others.
The Changing Role of the National Library in the New Information Environment
Authors: Cornish Graham P.
Published: August 2016

The new information environment is a combination of technical advances and cultural attitudes; both of these have major implications for the role of the national library. As part of a Unesco-funded study in 1990, a survey was carried out to determine how national libraries were coping with the present situation; the situation varies, but there is cause for concern. The three basic characteristics of a national library – that it is publicly funded, gives access to the public, and acts as the national archive of material published in the country – are all called into question. Functions such as collection building, exploitation of the collections, and creation of the national bibliographic record need to be rethought. The new information environment has much to contribute to the handicapped, and national libraries should ensure the development of services for those with special needs. They need to respond to the changing situation rapidly by taking the lead in their respective countries; failure to take the initiative will leave it to be taken by people who will make decisions on purely technical, economic or political grounds.
Use of a National Library: A Survey of Readers in the Humanities and Social Sciences Reading Rooms of the British Library
Authors: Cranfield Graham , Hellowell Joe
Published: August 2016

A questionnaire survey was carried out in the humanities reading rooms of the British Library one day each month from September 1990 to August 1991 with the aim of providing information of help in planning services, particularly at the new building in St Pancras. Readers were asked about their occupations, nationalities, the location of the academic institutions to which they were affiliated, the reasons for and frequency of their visits etc. 65% of readers were academic staff or students, and 33% lived outside the UK; 31% said they had visited the library over 50 times in the past year. The results were compared, where appropriate, with earlier surveys in 1968 and 1977. These comparisons highlighted significant seasonal variations in patterns of usage. It was not possible to compare the results with those from surveys by other national libraries, because of widely differing survey methods and content of reports.
Charting the Bibliographic Seas: Research and the Art of Navigation
Authors: Alston Robin C.
Published: August 2016

Although by the 1970s it was clear that neither funding nor available space in research libraries could cope with the increasing volume and cost of publications, subsequent developments in technology and improvements in international communication networks make access to remote databases technically possible and would seem to put the IFLA/Unesco goal of UAP within reach. But there are some problems to be solved. No existing library provides users with free and unimpeded access to bibliographical information held in remote databases. Also, printed catalogues such as that of the British Library, containing as they do important local information, serve a different purpose from collaborative databases, and both electronic and ‘eye-readable’ bibliographic resources must have a place in research libraries. Databases are much slower to search than printed catalogues, because readers find the system difficult, and enhanced keyword and subject access produces large numbers of records to be browsed; a very large number of terminals is therefore needed to meet demand. Also, records in databases lack the context they have in printed catalogues, complex headings causing particular problems; collaborative databases do not use normalized headings; and input errors can make records irretrievable. Retrospective reconciliation of differences in major catalogues is hardly conceivable. Subject indexing also leaves much to be desired, quite apart from the use of different languages for indexing non-English language books. The rules by which bibliographic files are structured need to be understood, and special expertise is likely to continue to be required for retrieval; the choice lies between educating users and providing a body of interpreters.
BIBSAM and its Role in Coordination and Support of Swedish Research Libraries
Authors: Nilsson Kjell
Published: August 2016

BIBSAM is an office within the Royal Library of Sweden, dealing with the coordination and development of Swedish research libraries. Cooperation between research libraries is traditionally highly developed in Sweden. However, the decentralization of higher education, and the delegation of library funding from the government to individual universities and colleges, has directed more attention to local functions and services. Charges for interlibrary loans are one logical consequence. The system of national resource libraries enables a small number of libraries, each of them central within its respective subject area, to maintain and develop services to other libraries. Collection development does not form a central part of the system. The idea of national coordination has to be seen in an international perspective, and BIBSAM's work increasingly reflects this. Reforms of higher education, economic crisis, rapid technological progress, and internationalization impose radically increased demands on libraries and librarians. By means such as conferences, seminars, etc. BIBSAM assists in developing competence and competitiveness.
The IFLA Core Programme for Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC (UBCIM): Recent Developments and Current State
Authors: Plassard Marie-France
Published: August 2016

The UBCIM Programme seeks to coordinate activities aimed at the development of systems and standards of bibliographic control at the national level and to facilitate the international exchange of bibliographic data. One of its first accomplishments, the International Standard Bibliographic Description, was completed with the publication in 1992 of the revised ISBG(G). Guidelines for subject authority and reference entries were issued in 1993. Seminars and workshops on UBC and UNIMARC are being organized in various parts of the world. In 1992 project UNIBASE was launched, with the aim of producing a sample database of UNIMARC records using CDI/ISIS software, in support of the educational objectives of the UBCIM Programme; it includes a variety of facilities for searching, displaying and printing, but not for editing and updating records. Some Eastern European libraries that are starting to automate are considering UNIMARC as their internal format. A substantial part of UBCIM's activities is represented by its publications programme, which includes a quarterly journal. Lithuanian, Romanian and Russian versions of the UNIMARC manual were issued in 1993, and requests for translation into other languages have been received.
Private Libraries in Japan
Authors: Brown Yu-Ying
Published: August 2016

The majority of libraries founded in pre-modern Japan can be said to be ‘private’ in origin. They are generally referred to as bunko (literally ‘storehouses of books’) as opposed to toshokan, a post-1870 term for ‘library’. The 14 bunko selected for consideration in this paper hold between them the largest number of rare items extant in Japan today; their varied contents are distinguished not only in terms of early date, beauty and academic value, but also by their excellent state of preservation. They can be grouped, according to the status of their founders within the epoch in which they thrived, as those of medieval clan warriors; shogunal and daimyo libraries of the Edo period; traditional kuge (noble family) libraries; and post-1869 libraries ( zaibatsu collections, libraries formed by intellectuals and wealthy merchants, and Tenri Central Library). The earliest private library in Japan, which can still be seen as reconstructed in the 8th century, is said to have been built by Prince Shotoku (574–622). Japan has a considerable number of literary (as opposed to religious) manuscripts, written soon after the completion of the original texts. It also possesses the world's earliest dated specimen of printed text (764–770). Very large numbers of early books, mss. and archival documents in the bunko have been preserved in excellent condition. Some of the bunko have remained independently private, while others are now managed by trustees or large foundations. However, most now form part of the bigger toshokan belonging to national, prefectural, university or research library institutions. The National Diet Library's directory lists over 2,300 bunko and some 700 toshokan.
PICA and Developments in Library Networking in the Netherlands
Authors: Costers Look , Koopman Sjoerd
Published: August 2016

Most of the 2,600 libraries in the Netherlands are now automated. Pica, founded as a centre of library automation and networking in 1969, provides services directly to about 500 libraries and indirectly to over 1,600. These comprise central services – a Shared Cataloguing Service, a Union Catalogue with interlibrary facilities, and access to centrally stored reference databases – and services concerned with the development and exploitation of local library systems; Pica has a programme to integrate the central and local systems into a single library network. It is also trying to establish online information services aimed at end users; these include RAPDOC, a system for the supply of journal articles in electronic form. Pica is also involved in the EC-sponsored EDILIBE (Electronic Data Interchange for Libraries and Booksellers in Europe) project, the E-doc project for the development of tools for cataloguing and accessing electronic documents, and the VISAGE project for storing and accessing electronic full colour pictures through local OPACs. Its future strategy assumes the need to expand into other countries, and a start has been made with the German-speaking parts of Europe.
Chicago's Newberry Library – Independent Research Library and National Resource
Authors: Wyly Mary
Published: August 2016

One of several independent research libraries in the United States, the Newberry Library in Chicago, which is over 100 years old and has about 100 fte staff, has nationally significant collections in history, the humanities and music. Four special collections, each accompanied by an endowment for continuing acquisition, stand out: the Ayer Collection, now comprising more than 100,000 volumes, on early contacts between the Indian and the white man; the Greenlee Collection on Portuguese and Brazilian history; the Graff Collection on the American West; and the Wing Collection on the art of printing and graphic design. The library has pioneered in the field of preservation, and its Conservation Department presents training sessions and public programmes on the care of personal libraries and book handling. Access to the collections is gradually being automated, and a wide range of services and programmes for diverse audiences is offered. Its academic and educational programmes have made it a centre for advanced study in the humanities. Adult education seminars are held regularly, enrolling nearly 2,000 people.
Authorities and Electronic Publishing: An Overview of the Efforts to Apply Library Legislation and Established Organizational Patterns to Electronic Publications
Authors: Hedberg Sten
Published: August 2016

The emergence of electronic publishing has brought a need to revise established rules and standards within the information sector. Several countries have revised or are about to revise their legal deposit laws in order to safeguard new forms of published information. One of the first of these appeared in Norway in 1990; delivery is likely to be replaced by access during the active time of online service, after which the final version of the database will be delivered for archiving. There is a risk that countries such as Sweden, where legal deposit applies only to electronic documents such as CD-ROMs that are distributed through the usual retail channels, will lose that part of their cultural heritage that is accessible online only. ‘Metadata’ – bibliographical and other information on the document – should help to ensure that it continues to be accessible. ISO work on standardization for bibliographic references to electronic documents is nearly complete, and IFLA has updated the rules for standard bibliographic description for computer files.
National Bibliographies on CD-ROM
Authors: Hall Steven
Published: August 2016

CD-ROM technology has tremendous potential for storing and enabling access to just the type of data contained in national bibliographies. A single CD-ROM can hold the equivalent of c.250,000 A4 sheets of print. CD-ROMs are easily replicable, and therefore offer security as well as enabling the information contained to be made more widely available. Of the two methods used to convert print to binary data in electronic form, scanning and keying, databases published by Chadwyck-Healey use the latter. In the case of national bibliographies on CD-ROM, new records are created electronically at the very first stage of cataloguing, while older records are converted by keying. Chadwyck-Healey has developed an extensive CD-ROM list, focusing on both bibliographic and full-text literary works. The national bibliographies it produces on CD-ROM are those of the UK, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain. That of the Netherlands is shortly to appear. Bibliographic coverage is further extended by several other databases produced by Chadwyck-Healey. National bibliographies on CD-ROM produced by other bodies are those of Finland, Norway, Bulgaria, Singapore and the USA. Although other means of making this sort of material are now competing with CD-ROM, it looks like holding its own for some time.
Public Libraries as National Libraries – The Caribbean Experience
Authors: Peltier-Davis Cheryl
Published: August 2016

While it is essential that national library functions and services are carried out, within the English-speaking Caribbean these functions can be provided by extending the role of the country's main public library. A questionnaire was administered in 1994 to 14 public libraries and one national library in the region to ascertain if public libraries performed any national library functions and if so to assess how effectively, with a view to formulating proposals as to how best this dual role could be achieved. The survey, in which 13 libraries participated, revealed that a majority of the libraries did in fact act as de facto national libraries, performing many of the functions of traditional national libraries, though there were major deficiencies (e.g. only seven had legal deposit, and only four produced national bibliographies). A structure for a dual-function Public/National Library is proposed, with three functional divisions (Public Library Services, Technical Services, and National Heritage) and a powerful National Library Services Board.
PANDORA: Providing Long Term Access to Australia's Online Electronic Publications
Authors: Smith Wendy
Published: August 2016

The Internet, particularly through the application of World Wide Web (WWW) technology, has proved to be a very attractive medium for publishing. However, the difficulties of finding appropriate information online and then of ensuring its long term accessibility have created problems for libraries. Practices that work for books and other printed materials do not always translate directly to online materials. The National Library of Australia's PANDORA project has been set up to develop policies and procedures for ensuring long term access to significant Australian publications which are accessible only in an online environment, and to establish and maintain a permanent archive ofthat material.
Marketing a National Library: Practical Experiences from the State Library of South Africa
Authors: Hendrikz Francois
Published: August 2016

The State Library of South Africa has a Marketing section, with the aims of developing a market orientation among the staff, creating an environment conducive to the selling of the library's products and services, enhancing its visibility, and identifying and meeting market needs. The library supplies products, in the form of bibliographic and other databases, and interlending, reference and book exchange services. Its markets are mostly but not exclusively other libraries. Public libraries were identified as the main target, and a roadshow was designed to establish with them the State Library's role as an information provider, identify market opportunities and build up personal contacts. Libraries in five of the country's nine provinces were targeted through a series of 11 regional meetings. In addition, 15 libraries were visited. Efforts were made to assess the effectiveness of the roadshow, which was presented as informally and entertainingly as possible. The exercise was costly and time-consuming, but the advantages to the library and the staff are considerable. The real impact will not be known for some time.
Narodna in Univerzitetna Knjižnica, Ljubljana: The Slovenian National Library
Authors: Jakac-Bizjak Vilenka
Published: August 2016

The National and University Library (NUK) acts as the Siovenian national library, at the same time performing functions of Ljubljana University Library. As of 1998 the library utilizes computer data processing to support working procedures. It provides access for library users to numerous foreign information services, including bibliographic databases on CD-ROMs, which can be accessed via the ULTRANET system from the university campus. The library collections comprise legal deposited material published in Slovenia, and also hold legal deposit copies from ex-Yugoslavia for the 1921–1991 period. In addition, it has an interesting collection of medieval manuscripts, incunabula, cartographic and graphic items, music, audiovisual and recent manuscript material, together with collections of periodicals and monographs in various languages. As well as performing the traditional tasks of national libraries, it also acts as a state ‘parent library’, i.e. a centre for library network development in Slovenia. The library carries out an extensive programme of both basic and continuing education, including seminars, courses and library qualifications. NUK has very recently completed several retrospective conversion projects, thus making available some 400,000 bibliographic records online. Future activities of the library will concern the archiving of electronic publications on the Internet, together with digitization of full texts. The existing building of the national library is now far from meeting modern standards within the profession, therefore preparations for a new library building in the immediate vicinity are in progress.
The Consortium of European Research Libraries (CERL)
Authors: Smethurst Michael
Published: August 2016

The collections of printed books of the hand-press period (1455–1830) held in the research libraries of Europe are an important element in our cultural heritage. Scholars using these collections for research purposes have in the past found difficulty in tracing particular texts and copies because of the limitations of existing catalogues and the variations in national and institutional cataloguing rules and standards. Technology now offers the opportunity to create more effective access to these collections through the creation of online catalogues, through retrospective cataloguing and retrospective conversion programmes. The Consortium of European Research Libraries (CERL) was established for the primary purpose of enabling libraries to share records from such programmes by creating a database of records and locations of hand-press books in Europe. It aims to provide an effective and authoritative tool for scholars, to improve access by providing a single point of search for sought titles and locations, and to supply records to libraries undertaking retrospective cataloguing work. Over 30 European research libraries, through their membership of CERL, are collaborating in the creation of the Hand Press Book database which is networked through RLIN. The database now holds over 750,000 records and is expected to grow to at least two million records in the next three years.
The National Preservation Office: Raising Preservation Awareness in the UK Now – Planning for the Future of Our Past
Authors: Marshall Vanessa
Published: August 2016

The National Preservation Office in the UK was established within the British Library in 1984, guided by independent advisory machinery. A vigorous programme of seminars, conferences, training packs and promotional material, including a journal, has been carried out. The NPO's terms of reference are to develop and coordinate a national preservation strategy, provide an information and referral service, promote good practice through education and training, and coordinate and initiate research. Commercial sponsors have been generous. There is a Management Committee, drawn from the principal funders, a Preservation Administrators Panel to advise on preservation strategy, a Committee on Preservation Surrogates, and a Digital Archiving Working Group. Several research projects are being supported, including work on gaps in preservation training, resolving dampness in buildings, and preservation management of digital materials. This last is now occupying a great deal of attention, and the NPO works closely with other preservation initiatives in the UK and abroad. Much work is also taking place towards a national preservation strategy.
Paleoenvironmental evolution of the Guadiana Estuary, Portugal, during the Holocene: A modern foraminifera analog approach
Authors: Camacho Sarita , Boski Tomasz , Moura Delminda , Scott David , Connor Simon , Pereira Laura
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we reconstruct the Holocene paleoenvironmental evolution of the Guadiana Estuary, southwestern Iberian Peninsula. Two previously studied boreholes (CM3 and CM5) were revisited and analyzed in the light of a foraminifera modern analog approach. Cluster analyses define four assemblages with different biocenotic, taphonomic, elevation and distance-to-sea settings, which serve as a baseline for paleoassemblages interpretation. Faunal changes along the sedimentary sequences, together with previous sedimentological and chronological data, redefine the different phases of environmental evolution in the Guadiana Estuary since ca. 13 kyr cal. BP, with special emphasis on the Holocene marine highstand. Estuarine flooding began synchronously in both locations (ca. 9 kyr cal. BP) but manifested differently in each sedimentary sequence. The most seaward borehole records a more evident and longer highstand (ca. 8.8–3.8 kyr cal. BP), characterized by the occurrence of subtidal environments and by the presence of open marine species ( Pararotalia cf. spinigera, planktic forms and a significant number of exotic/allochthonous tests), indicating warmer and more marine conditions than today. In the most landward borehole, the highstand is shorter (ca. 8–7.6 kyr cal. BP) and less intense, characterized by the presence of a diverse, mainly autochthonous, open estuary assemblage, dominated by Ammonia aberdoveyensis and Haynesina germanica. At 4.4 kyr cal. BP, during a long deceleration phase of regional sea-level rise, a short but well-defined pulse of marine influence is recorded in CM5, when open estuarine assemblages reappear and replace marsh agglutinated assemblages, suggesting a new submergence phase. This short event is not identified in the previous works carried out in the same area, thus further data are needed to understand whether it is consequent from a global, warming period or whether it resulted only from local and ephemeral forcing effects.
Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Frank Rolf Dario , Lanzmich Regina , Haager Philipp K. , Budde Ulrich
Published: August 2016

Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is the most common valve disease in adults. Severe forms are associated with acquired von Willebrand syndrome (aVWS) with loss of the largest von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers. Diagnostic gold standard is the VWF multimer analysis. Valve replacement rapidly restores the VWF structure. Uncertainty exists if this effect is permanent and how functional VWF assays perform compared with multimer analysis. We studied 21 consecutive patients with severe AVS before and 6 to 18 months after valve surgery and compared them with 14 controls without valve disease referred for coronary angiography. The VWF multimers, VWF antigen (VWF:Ag), VWF collagen binding capacity (VWF:CB), VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratio, in vitro bleeding time (PFA-100), factor VIII coagulation activity (FVIII:C), and VWF ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo) were determined. In all patients with AVS, the large VWF multimers were strongly reduced (56 ± 13% of normal plasma); all controls had normal multimers. The PFA-100 collagen/ADP closure times (coll/ADP CT) were prolonged in patients with AVS compared with the controls (175 ± 56 seconds vs 86 ± 14 seconds, P < .001). The VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratio was pathological in 20 of the 21 patients but normal in controls. After surgery, the multimers normalized in all patients and coll/ADP CT shortened (pre 184 ± 65 seconds vs post 102 ± 22 seconds; P < .001). The VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratio strongly improved ( P < .001) and normalized in 14 of 17 patients. In conclusion, all consecutive patients with severe AVS had an aVWS. The combination of coll/ADP CT and VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratio detected the aVWS in all patients. More than 6 months after valve replacement, the VWF multimers were still normalized in all patients indicating a permanent cure of the aVWS.
AHRD’s Globalization
Authors: McLean Gary N. , Lee Monica M.
Published: August 2016

The Problem

The Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD, used interchangeably here with the Academy) was founded and has always been headquartered in the United States. This has communicated the message that the Academy is U.S.-centric, and, indeed, many aspects of its operations have confirmed this U.S.-centric perspective. However, this has not been the intent of AHRD. What has been done, and what more is needed, to change this view?

The Solution

We examined the historical efforts to expand internationally through membership, conferences, relationships with other associations, journals, and special interest groups (SIGs). In addition, we offered suggestions for other actions that might enhance global perspectives in overcoming existing challenges in the future.

The Stakeholders

All members of the Academy should be interested in this article, as the Academy continues to stress the importance of internationalizing (used interchangeably with globalizing) the Academy, whether they be academics, practitioners, or students. Other professional organizations, not just those headquartered in the United States, but throughout the world, should be interested in the Academy’s successes and challenges in this arena.
How to monitor patient safety in primary care? Healthcare professionals' views
Authors: Samra R , Car J , Majeed A , Vincent C , Aylin P
Published: August 2016

Summary

Objective

To identify patient safety monitoring strategies in primary care.

Design

Open-ended questionnaire survey.

Participants

A total of 113 healthcare professionals returned the survey from a group of 500 who were invited to participate achieving a response rate of 22.6%.

Setting

North-West London, United Kingdom.

Method

A paper-based and equivalent online survey was developed and subjected to multiple stages of piloting. Respondents were asked to suggest strategies for monitoring patient safety in primary care. These monitoring suggestions were then subjected to a content frequency analysis which was conducted by two researchers.

Main Outcome measures

Respondent-derived monitoring strategies.

Results

In total, respondents offered 188 suggestions for monitoring patient safety in primary care. The content analysis revealed that these could be condensed into 24 different future monitoring strategies with varying levels of support. Most commonly, respondents supported the suggestion that patient safety can only be monitored effectively in primary care with greater levels of staffing or with additional resources.

Conclusion

Approximately one-third of all responses were recommendations for strategies which addressed monitoring of the individual in the clinical practice environment (e.g. GP, practice nurse) to improve safety. There was a clear need for more staff and resource set aside to allow and encourage safety monitoring. Respondents recommended the dissemination of specific information for monitoring patient safety such as distributing the lessons of significant event audits amongst GP practices to enable shared learning.
Entertainment media, cultural power, and post-globalization: The case of China’s international media expansion and the discourse of soft power
Authors: Flew Terry
Published: August 2016

The concept of soft power has been highly influential in recent years, both as a concept to inform understanding of the cultural dimensions of international relations and as providing a practical guide to state investment in the international expansion of both news and entertainment media. One of the places where it has been most influential has been China, where is has been used to support the international expansion of China Central Television and the growth of Chinese entertainment media conglomerates. It is argued in this article, however, that the concept rests upon a weak understanding of the cultural dimensions of power and upon the transmission model of communication. As a result, there has tended to be a distributional bias in investing in cultural diplomacy and relatively little attention has been given to how audiences actually engage with international media content. Applied to the Chinese case, it is argued that support for entertainment media is more likely to support the aspirations of the Chinese government than news media, although news is likely to be prioritized for political reasons. At a more conceptual level, discussion of national soft power strategies and their relation to global media points to the need for new approaches in global media and communication studies, that could be termed post-globalization, that can address strengths and weaknesses in both critical political economy and media globalization approaches, and recognize the continuing centrality of nation states to the structuring of global media flows across territorial boundaries.
Local Context Matters
Authors: Hameed Shabnam , Breckenridge Jan , Bennett Paula , Mafileo Tracie , Simeon Lalen , Steven Hennah
Published: August 2016

There are high levels of family and sexual violence (FSV) in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Many businesses in PNG, like an increasing number of organizations worldwide, want to address the effects of FSV on their employees and operations to minimize human suffering and to maximize productivity. To date, a range of workplace strategies designed to address related forms of violence (FSV, domestic and family violence, sexual violence, intimate partner violence, violence against women, and gender-based violence) have been developed and implemented, albeit mainly in Western contexts. This article considers the extent to which these workplace strategies can or should be modified for workplaces in PNG. Findings from participatory action research undertaken with FSV service providers, advocates, businesses, and their employees in PNG strongly indicate that workplace strategies should be modified to reflect cultural and other contextual specificities. In particular, workplace strategies should reflect local understandings about what constitutes FSV, who may perpetrate and who may be victimized by FSV, and what supports are available to victims of FSV. It is important to note that while the supports examined are necessarily culturally and contextually specific to PNG, they have subsequently provided important insights relevant for workplace responses in other developing and industrialized countries, thereby extending the evidence base of possible workplace strategies generally.
Geologic cause of seismic anisotropy: A case study from offshore Western Australia
Authors: Asaka Michinori , Sekine Tomoyuki , Furuya Keiichi
Published: August 2016

Velocity-model building with a good understanding of anisotropy is one of the important elements in a prestack depth migration (PSDM) project. During a recently conducted PSDM project, we observed that (1) the application of negative delta/epsilon is necessary to achieve reasonable depthing and gather flatness, and (2) azimuthal variation in gather flatness exists in the interval where negative delta/epsilon are necessary. A geologic explanation of these interesting observations was necessary to justify the velocity-model-building result. Investigation of stress magnitude/orientation and theoretical anisotropy of unconsolidated sandstone under nonhydrostatic stress revealed that these observations can be explained by stress-induced anisotropy. This concept may be applicable to other fields, and the existence of azimuthal anisotropy and value of anisotropy parameters can be roughly estimated by the method described.
The Need for Accountability in Education in Developing Countries
Authors: Mbiti Isaac M.
Published: August 2016

Despite the rapid growth in enrollment rates across the developing world, there are major concerns about the quality of education that children receive. Across numerous developing countries, recent learning assessments have revealed that children are not able to develop basic numeracy and literary skills. These low levels of learning are the result of a number of interrelated factors, many of which reflect the low levels of accountability across multiple levels of the education system. In this paper, I document the main education challenges facing developing countries, including the lack of accountability among teachers and school management. I also review recent literature that documents the effectiveness of interventions aimed at addressing these accountability issues. Finally, I assess the potential for the market to improve accountability in the education sector in developing countries.
Motivated Bayesians: Feeling Moral While Acting Egoistically
Authors: Gino Francesca , Norton Michael I. , Weber Roberto A.
Published: August 2016

Research yields ample evidence that individual's behavior often reflects an apparent concern for moral considerations. A natural way to interpret evidence of such motives using an economic framework is to add an argument to the utility function such that agents obtain utility both from outcomes that yield only personal benefits and from acting kindly, honestly, or according to some other notion of “right.” Indeed, such interpretations can account for much of the existing empirical evidence. However, a growing body of research at the intersection of psychology and economics produces findings inconsistent with such straightforward, preference-based interpretations for moral behavior. In particular, while people are often willing to take a moral act that imposes personal material costs when confronted with a clear-cut choice between “right” and “wrong,” such decisions often seem to be dramatically influenced by the specific contexts in which they occur. In particular, when the context provides sufficient flexibility to allow plausible justification that one can both act egoistically while remaining moral, people seize on such opportunities to prioritize self-interest at the expense of morality. In other words, people who appear to exhibit a preference for being moral may in fact be placing a value on feeling moral, often accomplishing this goal by manipulating the manner in which they process information to justify taking egoistic actions while maintaining this feeling of morality.
Information Concept of Accounting
Authors: Ковалев  , Kovalev Aleksey
Published: August 2016

Th e article is devoted to the problem of improving the quality of accounting information by synthesizing the theory of the formation of accounting information and quality management theory by determining the composition of the internal standards of the economic entity in the context of the stages of registration process and their linking with the generated qualitative characteristics of accounting information.
Reliability-Based Design Optimization Strategy for Soil Tillage Equipment Considering Soil Parameter Uncertainty
Authors: Kharmanda Ghias Mohamed , Antypas Imad Rezakalla
Published: August 2016

The objective of this work is to provide an efficient tool of Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) for soil tillage machine design process in order to achieve designs with a required reliability (safety) level. An efficient methodology that controls the reliability levels for different statistical distribution cases of random soil properties is developed. This developed strategy is based on design sensitivity concepts in order to determine the influence of each random parameter. The application of this method consists in taking into account the uncertainties on the soil tillage forces. The tillage forces are calculated in accordance with analytical model of McKyes and Ali with some modifications to include the effect of both soil-metal adhesion and tool speed. The different results show the importance of the developed strategy to improve the performance of the soil tillage equipments considering both random geometry and loading parameters.
Features of the Personnel Policy of an Public Operating Company of Housing and Communal Services
Authors: Пешкова  , Peshkova O. , Замуравкин  , Zamuravkin P.
Published: August 2016

Increasing requirements for housing and communal services, its development and improvement are an important factor in improving the quality of people’s

lives. This makes it necessary to significantly change the principles of the personnel policy in public institutions. Only then will they be able to improve the

quality of goods and services provided to the population, and as a result, to achieve reduce social tension in society. The purpose of research — to learn the

basics of formation of personnel policy in the public management company housing and communal services on the example of a particular organization and

to formulate recommendations for its improvement. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the developed principles of human resources policy

are adapted to the particular area — management of housing and communal services. The proposed set of measures can be recommended for use in the

Russian organizations for the management of housing and communal services because the situation can be regarded as typical for this sector of the Russian

economy.