bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurotherapy and Connectivity
Authors: Thornton Kirtley E.
Published: January 2017

Much of the research involving the quantitative EEG (QEEG), in terms of scientific research and clinical interventions, has focused on the four frequency ranges (Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta) and their respective amplitudes (microvolt levels). The Beta frequency has typically been separated into segments defined by frequency. These measures can be conceptualized as involving different measures of the brain's arousal level. The other conceptual measure is focused on the communication patterns within the brain and involves coherence and phase measures. These communication measures have revealed scientific and clinically relevant information regarding the brain's functioning. This paper examines the communication problems and patterns in the brain in different clinical conditions: autism, Asperger syndrome, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease/dementia, depression, traumatic brain injury, and cognitive performance. The consistent pattern across all of these conditions is that a decrease in the communication values is related to an increased probability of the presence of the diagnosis.
Imagen urbana y plan seccional Parque de Los Reyes
Authors: Fernández H. Manuel
Published: January 2017

Se aplica una metodología de análisis y planificación de la imagen urbana, para el logro de patrones de diseño urbano, incorporables a las ordenanzas seccionales tradicionales.
Arcadia y utopías
Authors: Goytía de Moisset Noemí , Bergallo Juan Manuel , Almandoz Myriam , Ferrando Guillermo
Published: January 2017

Cuando la ciudad argentina de Córdoba no ha llegado a la degradación de otras ciudades latinoamericanas, se impone una reflexión sistemática y culta sobre su futuro, en la búsqueda de un equilibrio que amalgame las esencias históricas de la vida urbana con un porvenir que es posible y necesario prevenir.
Patrimonio arquitectónico moderno : el caso de la Escuela de Derecho de la Universidad de Chile
Authors: Campos G. Alicia
Published: January 2017

El edificio de la Escuela de Derecho de la Universidad de Chile, obra del Arquitecto Juan Martínez Gutiérrez, expone en la actualidad, una serie de valores asociados al patrimonio arquitectónico moderno que ameritan su categoría

de Monumento Histórico. Mediante fondos concursables FONDART 2012, los autores del siguiente artículo efectuaron el expediente para su declaratoria. Aquí se presentan las reflexiones decantadas a partir del trabajo realizado desde

una perspectiva crítica y comparativa en relación con el patrimonio arquitectónico construido en Santiago, resaltando la eminente condición moderna de la obra, dada tanto en lo funcional, lo técnico-constructivo, espacial y estético;

como en la génesis del proyecto que se imbrica con la modernización estatal y educacional, precisamente en la renovación de la enseñanza del Derecho que configura el marco jurídico para el desenvolvimiento de la sociedad.
Niemann-Pick’s disease type B and brain iron accumulation
Authors: Garzuly Ferenc , Szabo Laszlo , Bencsik Renata , Molnar Judit Maria , Kalman Bernadette
Published: January 2017

Background: Niemann-Pick’s type B (NP-B) disease is a rare, autosomal recessive visceral storage disorder related to a lysosomal accumulation of sphingomyelin, which is caused by mutations in the sphingomyelinase gene, SMPD1.Case report: We present a boy who had normal early development, but from one year of age, he showed progressive manifestations of hepatosplenomegaly, somatomotor retardation and cardiopulmonary dysfunction. The activity of the sphingomyelinase enzyme was very low in his fibroblasts. He died at 17 years of age from cardio-respiratory insufficiency. Gross pathology and histology of the internal organs were compatible with Niemann-Pick’s disease. His brain and spinal cord displayed no signs of storage disease, confirming the subtype of NP-B. Unexpectedly, however, significant accumulation of iron was seen in the substantia nigra, subthalamic nuclei, putamen, globus pallidus and some cortical regions accompanied by axonal spheroids. Brain iron accumulation is the hallmark of a disease group termed neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Sequencing of the known NBIA disease genes was unsuccessful in the proband’s DNA isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks, but both asymptomatic parents were heterozygous carriers of the same c19orf12 deletion.Conclusions: This case initially raised the question as to whether two rare autosomal recessive disorders, NP-B and a subtype of NBIA could have co-occurred in our patient, or the lipid dysmetabolism due to sphingomyelinase deficiency caused secondary brain iron accumulation. Genetic analyses in the parents suggested the former possibility by identifying a c19orf12 gene deletion known to underlie in homozygous state Mitochondrial Membrane Protein Associated Neurodegeneration.
Effects of Parent Training Programmes on Parents’ Sense of Competence in a General Population Sample
Authors: Löfgren Hans Olov , Petersen Solveig , Nilsson Karin , Ghazinour Mehdi , Hägglöf Bruno
Published: January 2017

INTRODUCTION: This longitudinal case-controlled study examined the effects of universal parent-focused interventions on parents’ perceived competence in terms of parental efficacy and satisfaction.METHOD: The study sample consisted of parents from northern Sweden in the general population who participated in parent training programmes from 2010 to 2013, and a matched-comparison group. All parents had children aged 0–17. Sense of competence was measured by the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale at pre- and post-intervention and six months after the intervention.RESULTS: The intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement in parental competence compared to the comparison group over time. The intervention itself had a significant effect on parental satisfaction, but the efficacy effect was not sustained when taking into account potential confounders.CONCLUSIONS: Earlier studies indicate that parent training programmes enhance perceived parental competence amongst referred parents. The present study shows that parent training programmes applied in the general population may also enhance perceived parental satisfaction, suggesting that parent training programmes can be an important preventive strategy to enhance parental feelings of satisfaction in the wider population. The results suggest that parents who participate in parent training programmes might have a need to increase parental competence, based on lower scores than the comparison group, both before and after the intervention.
Types of Derivatives: Concepts and Applications (II)
Authors: Khalil Salma A. , Basheer Mohammed A. , Abdelhaleem Tarig A.
Published: January 2017

The notion of differential geometry is known to have played a fundamental role in unifying aspects of the physics of particles and fields, and have completely transformed the study of classical mechanics.In this paper we applied the definitions and concepts which we defined and derived in part (I) of our paper: Types of Derivatives: Concepts and Applications to problems arising in Geometry and Fluid Mechanics using exterior calculus. We analyzed this problem, using the geometrical formulation which is global and free of coordinates.
Regulering door middel van het privaatrecht
Authors: Scheltema M.W.
Published: January 2017

Regulering door middel van het privaatrecht

Regulering door middel van het privaatrecht is tot op heden in beperkte mate onderzocht. Het gaat om het stellen van regels die bedoeld zijn om in meerdere gevallen te worden gebruikt en die bindend worden gemaakt door middel van het privaatrecht, zoals in contracten of op grond van eigendomsbevoegdheden. Deze vorm van reguleren heeft een aantal voordelen en kan soms de enige manier zijn om in de internationale context te reguleren. Dat neemt niet weg dat er ook evidente nadelen aan kleven, zoals op het terrein van legitimiteit en rechtsbescherming. Deze vorm van reguleren moet daarmee niet principieel worden uitgesloten, maar het is wel belangrijk om randvoorwaarden te stellen die deze nadelen zo veel mogelijk wegnemen.
Ligplaatsen voor woonboten: het reguleren van een privaatrechtelijke rechtsverhouding
Authors: van Niel C.C.
Published: January 2017

Ligplaatsen voor woonboten: het reguleren van een privaatrechtelijke rechtsverhouding. Lessen voor de wetgevingspraktijk

In deze bijdrage staat de vraag centraal waar de wetgever rekening mee moet houden bij het reguleren van privaatrechtelijke verhoudingen, waarbij de overheid vaak partij is en waarbij publieke belangen een grote rol spelen. Dit wordt besproken aan de hand van het wetsvoorstel tot verbetering van de huurbescherming van huurders van ligplaatsen. Uit dit voorbeeld worden algemene lessen getrokken. Hieruit blijkt dat het ten eerste van belang is om alle betrokken belangen, zowel publieke als private, in kaart te brengen. Ook dient een zorgvuldige belangenafweging plaats te vinden, zodat er niet een te zeer wordt benadrukt ten koste van de andere. Tot slot dient rekening te worden gehouden met de aard van de rechtsverhouding. Als publieke belangen een belangrijke rol spelen, is enige verwevenheid van het publiekrecht met het privaatrecht onvermijdelijk, maar dit dient zo veel mogelijk te worden beperkt.
Reguleringsinstrumenten in de spoorsector: wisselend succes
Authors: Pereth S.
Published: January 2017

Reguleringsinstrumenten in de spoorsector: wisselend succes

De overheid beschikt over verschillende instrumenten om een sector mee te reguleren. In de spoorsector is met een aantal van deze instrumenten ervaring opgedaan. Meer specifiek betreft het regulering door middel van contracten en het aandeelhouderschap. Deze instrumenten en de mogelijkheden om ermee te sturen zijn in de afgelopen decennia veelvuldig onderwerp van (parlementaire) discussie geweest. Wat bleek is dat die mogelijkheden meer dan eens beperkt waren. Gesteld kan worden dat de genoemde privaatrechtelijke instrumenten enkele inherente beperkingen kennen, die in de weg kunnen staan aan effectieve sturing en toezicht van overheidswege. Bij een contract is per definitie meer dan één partij betrokken, waardoor beslissingen niet eenzijdig genomen kunnen worden en het aandeelhouderschap betreft nu eenmaal een rol op afstand. Deze bezwaren kunnen worden ondervangen door in plaats van een contract te kiezen voor een publiekrechtelijke concessie. In plaats van het aandeelhouderschap in een private rechtspersoon kan voor een zelfstandig bestuursorgaan worden geopteerd. De conclusie is niet dat contracten en het aandeelhouderschap kunnen worden afgeschreven als instrumenten om mee te sturen. Contracten en het aandeelhouderschap kunnen in andere gevallen wel voldoende handvatten bieden. Veel is bijvoorbeeld ook afhankelijk van de inhoud en vormgeving van het contract. Ook de onderhandelingspositie bij het vormgeven van de contracten en de mate van verantwoordelijkheid die de overheid wenst te dragen zijn relevant. Per geval zullen die afwegingen moeten worden gemaakt.
Nel nome del padre e della madre
Authors: Ranchordás S.H.
Published: January 2017

Nel nome del padre e della madre. Het Italiaanse Grondwettelijk Hof en naamgevingswetgeving

Het Italiaanse Gondwettelijk Hof heeft in zijn arrest van 8 november 2016 geoordeeld dat de Italiaanse naamgevingswetgeving ongrondwettig is. De regels schrijven nu voor dat als de ouders getrouwd zijn kinderen alleen de naam van hun vader kunnen krijgen. In de zaak Cusan en Fazzo tegen Italië heeft het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens in Straatsburg al uitgesproken dat deze wetgeving zich niet verdraagt met de artikelen 8 en 14 EVRM. Eerdere pogingen om deze wetgeving te wijzigen waren tot nog toe niet succesvol. Het is te verwachten dat dit opvallende arrest van het Italiaanse Grondwettelijk Hof van grote invloed zal zijn op het debat.
Initiatiefnovelles
Authors: Borman T.C.
Published: January 2017

Initiatiefnovelles

In deze bijdrage wordt de bijzondere figuur van de novelle besproken, in het bijzonder de novelle die het karakter heeft van ene initiatiefvoorstel. Tegenwoordig wordt onder novelle verstaan een wetsvoorstel tot wijziging van een ander, nog niet bekrachtigd, wetsvoorstel. Het blijkt dat het gebruik is dat novelles bij initiatiefvoorstellen worden ingediend door de initiatiefnemers van het oorspronkelijke voorstel en novelles bij regeringsvoorstellen worden ingediend door de regering. Hierop zijn in de loop der tijd echter een aantal uitzonderingen geweest. Deze worden in de bijdrage, alsmede de wetstechnische en procedurele bijzonderheden die dat met zich meebracht, besproken.
On the Shoshan-Zwick Algorithm for the All-Pairs Shortest Path Problem
Authors: Eirinakis Pavlos , Williamson Matthew , Subramani K.
Published: January 2017

The Shoshan-Zwick algorithm solves the
all-pairs shortest paths problem in undirected graphs with integer edge costs in
the range $\{1, 2, \dots, M\}$. It runs in $\tilde{O}(M\cdot n^{\omega})$ time,
where $n$ is the number of vertices, $M$ is the largest integer edge cost,
and $\omega < 2.3727$ is the exponent of matrix multiplication.
It is the fastest known algorithm for this problem.
This paper points out and corrects an error in the Shoshan-Zwick algorithm.
A Challenge to Diagnose Amalgam Associated Lichenoid Reaction in Elderly Patient
Authors: Baringbing Anzany Tania Dwi Putri , Wardhany Indriasti Indah
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Several studies reported the association between erosive oral lichenoid reaction (OLR) and amalgam which often arises without symptoms and rarely becomes chief complaint of patient in contrast with its local inflammatory reaction. Amalgam filling was popular in elderly patients. A decline in the protective functions of the oral mucosa could expose elder people to a variety of chemicals and put them in the higher risk to suffer from OLR.

Case Report: A 70-year-old female patient has chief complaints of taste loss and dry mouth. In the next scheduled visit, operator found a non-scrapable reticular with a reddish inflamed area on buccal mucosa adjacent to amalgam fillings which was painful when being stretched. The Amalgam filling associated OLR diagnosis was established. The lesion was reduced significantly after replacing amalgam filling followed by topical application of steroid. Many factors may contribute as the challenging factors for undetected OLR lesion during the first visit such as elderly altering mental status and pain perception.
Conclusion: Although the Amalgam filling associated OLR was a relatively common lesion in the elderly, factors that contribute as challenging factors to diagnose OLR must be comprehended by the dentist, in order to have a precise diagnosis.
Strategies for Oral Health Management in Patients with Acute Confusional State
Authors: Indrastiti Ratna Kumala , Wimardhani Yuniardini Septorini
Published: January 2017

Background: The presence of serious illnesses, medical complication, or drug intoxication may be the pathophysiological causes of acute confusional states (ACS). The oral diseases are highly prevalent in patients with this condition, which may cause life-threatening complications. Objectives: To describe the strategies for oral health management in patients with ACS who were treated in the inpatient ward of the Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

Case Report and Management: This report presented two patients with the diagnosis of ACS with differential diagnosis of dementia. The first patient was 67-year-old female with a history of nausea and vomiting before admission, eating difficulty, systemic disease and drugs use were unremarkable. The second patient was a 60-year-old female with history of nausea and vomiting every food or drinking intake, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Clinical intraoral examination of both patients revealed poor oral health and progressive oral functional loss; However, in-office and invasive dental treatment was not indicated. The treatment focus was to improve oral comfort, oral pain management, and infection control.

Conclusion: An appropriate oral healthcare plan should be considered depending on the patient’s dying stage or general condition with the collaboration between related healthcare providers.
Psychological Stress and Diabetes Mellitus As Complicating Factors in Management of Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Ramadian Ellis Eka , Sarsito Afi Savitri
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease with vesiculobullous lesions that attack the skin and mucosa including oral mucosa. There are some factors that can trigger the recurrence of PV; one of them is psychological stress. PV is treated using immunosuppressant agents like corticosteroids or other immunosuppressant drugs. Complete remission in PV often hard to achieve because of some trigger factors that is hard to control and systemic disease like diabetes mellitus (DM).

Objective: to discuss the management of oral lesions in persistent PV with psychological stress and DM as triggers. Case report: A 46 years old female diagnosed with PV had oral lesions that recurrent every time she had problems in her family. The patient also known to have DM. PV was treated in collaboration with Department of Dermatoveneorology, and she received corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetil. We prescribed corticosteroid oral rinse with the dose according to oral condition and corticosteroid given for skin lesions. Oral lesions resolved after the patient was consulted to Department of Psychiatric for counselling and DM was controlled.

Conclusions: Systemic and psychological factors have important roles in remission of PV. Comprehensive treatment in collaboration with related departments is mandatory to achieve maximum benefits of healing.
Solitary Pigmented Melanocytic Lesion on the Palatal and Gingival Mucosa: Should It Rise Dentist’s Concerns?
Authors: Fitriana Cut Mytha , Wimardhani Yuniardini Septorini
Published: January 2017

Background: Solitary pigmented melanocytic lesions of the oral mucosa are sometimes presented asymptomatically. Therefore, the patient does not realize their presence. To establish a diagnosis is challenging since there are similarities with other lesions. Once pigmented lesions on the oral mucosa are found, we need to do a proper diagnosis pathway to rule out the possibility of missing the detection of a malignant lesion. This report presents a case of pigmented oral mucosa located on the palatal and gingival mucosa that had to raise the suspicion to malignant pigmented lesion.

Case Report and Management: A 46-years-old female with an asymptomatic dark bluish hue at the right hard palate towards the soft palate with a purplish at the 48-retro molar pad area for ten years ago, until a family general dentist concerned about the lesion and made the referral to our Dental Hospital. Based on the history and clinical assessment of the lesion using a diagnostic pathway, a provisional diagnosis of oral malignant melanoma was made. The biopsy for histopathological evaluation was decided. However, some obstacles prevent the patient to do the procedure. The differences in the level of awareness about pigmented lesion in the oral mucosa of the dentists involve in this patient care complicated the process of diagnosis of the lesion.

Conclusion: The dentist’s awareness on the possibility of finding a nonbenign lesion in the oral cavity is needed. It is important for the dentist to make a diagnosis pathway when finding pigmented oral mucosal lesion.
Translucency Evaluation of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Reinforced with ZrO₂-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Filler System in Fabricating Indirect Restoration
Authors: Aszrin Faralisa Najwa , Takarini Veni , Hasratiningsih Zulia , Purwasasmita Bambang Sunendar
Published: January 2017

Background: Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) permits filler reinforcements which influences the translucency properties to contribute in the aesthetic values of provisional crowns.

Objective: To evaluate the translucency of PMMA reinforced with ZrO₂-Al₂O₃-SiO₂filler system in influencing aesthetics features of the crown.

Methods: A total of 18 samples of PMMA, fabricated with a heat cure acrylic resin (De Trey® Stellon C) in six groups of three respectively from a controlled (A) and different concentrations at 7% (B), 9% (C), 11% (D), 13% (E) and 15%(F) reinforced with ZrO₂-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ filler system groups. Each sample was made in disc forms with diameter and thickness of (8mm × 3mm). Samples were tested using a UV-VIS Spectrophotometer.

Results: The highest total average of translucency for group C at 9% concentration (0.44946λ) and the lowest group Fat 15% concentration (0.42803λ). Statistically, there were no significant differences (α > 0.01) among the groups of PMMA with different concentrations and controlled.

Conclusion: The different concentration of ZrO₂-Al₂O₃-SiO₂filler exhibits an erratic influence of translucency.
Oral Involvements of Hypersensitivity Reactions to ChemotherapyDrugs in Immunocompromised Child Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Erwana Agam Ferry , Sufiawati Irna
Published: January 2017

Background: Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) may occur in children with cancer during the use of almost all chemotherapeutic drugs, commonly present with mild/moderate to severe clinical patterns.

Case report: A 7-year-old, male patient, was referred from the RSUP Hasan Sadikin Pediatric Department, with the diagnosis of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL), acute otitis media and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) ec susp/ metrotreksat ec susp/ leucovorine. The patient was diagnosed with oral involvement related to anemia and TEN. Lesions of reddish black crusts manifested on upper and lower lips, and multiple red macules in labial and buccal mucosas. Oral lesions showed significant improvement after administration of comprehensive treatment including corticosteroid mixed ointment, antimitotic oral suspension and multivitamin.

Discussion: The mechanisms responsible for most HSRs, including drug-related are not known, as they have generally not been evaluated. Most reactions are of the type I category in the Gell and Coombs classification, but there also are instances of types II, III, and IV reactions caused by many of the antineoplastic agents. Oral involvements in children due to hypersensitivity reactions are likely to occurred because they are more susceptible to stomatotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents, possibly related to a higher epithelial mitotic rate.
Conclusion: Knowledge of the different clinical presentations of chemotherapeutic agent’s hypersensitivity reactions ‘oral involvements can help to ensure a good treatment outcome, to improve the quality of patient care and to reduce healthcare costs.
Evaluation of Changes in TMJ Position for Angle Class I Malocclusion After Orthodontic Treatment by Using Cephalometric Radiograph
Authors: Khoo Jian Ke , Bergman Thahar , Avi Laviana , N Firman Ria
Published: January 2017

Objective: A concern in fixed appliances orthodontic treatment besides reestablishing the normal occlusion characteristics might cause repositioning of the condyle position in TMJ region. The objective of this research is to find out whether there is a difference of TMJ position in Angle class I malocclusion type 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 before and after fixed appliances orthodontic treatment.

Methods: This research is a pre-and-post design study with analytical statistical approach which compared the TMJ position obtained from tracings 80 lateral cephalometric radiographs before and after fixed appliances orthodontic treatment. Purposive sampling technique was used to determine the sample size in Orthodontic Department of Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Padjadjaran from 2009-2015. The data was analyzed by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and paired t-test.

Results: This study revealed that the changes of condyle position in Condylion to Vertical T line (horizontally) after orthodontic treatment is not significant (P> 0.05) in Angle class I malocclusion. However, the difference of condyle position in Condylion to TC line (vertically) shows a significant difference (P< 0.05) in Angle class I malocclusion.

Conclusion: The distance of the condyle from Condylion to TC line increased after fixed appliances orthodontic treatment for Angle class I malocclusion patients.
The Effect of Immersion Time in Three Kinds of Carbonated Beverages on Orthodontic Elastic Latex’s Tensile Strength (In Vitro)
Authors: Yuwana Christandi Prana , Christnawati Christnawati , Farmasyanti Cenderawasih
Published: January 2017

Objective: To study the effects of immersion time in three kinds of carbonated beverages on orthodontic elastic latex’s tensile strength

Methods: Subjects consist of 32 specimens orthodontic elastic latex ¼" and 4.5 oz of power, divided into 8 groups (IA, IB, IC, ID, IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID). Each group are immersed in artificial saliva (pH7) and stored in incubator (37 °C) for 24hrs for group I and 48hrs for group II. Each treatment groups will be immersed in three different carbonated beverages for 90s per day. Elastics being measured its tensile strength for group I at 24th hour, and 48th hour for group II using tension gauge. The data was tested with two way anova and post hoc Tukey.

Results: The result shows immersion time decreases elastic latex’s tensile strength (p < 0.05), and carbonated beverages affect elastic latex’s tensile strength (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: (1) There is a difference of orthodontic elastic latex tensile strength in the immersion in carbonated beverages for 24 and 48 hours, (2) there is a difference of elastic latex tensile strength orthodontic in the immersion in three kinds of carbonated beverages, and (3) there is interaction between immersion time in carbonated beverages and carbonated beverage brands
Identify and Test the Resistance of Bacteria on Dental Unit Surfaces in Dental Clinic of Dentistry Faculty, Andalas University Padang
Authors: Syafira Alifia Aura , Noer Mustafa , Syafrawati Syafrawati
Published: January 2017

Objective: Cross infection is one of the problems in dentistry. It can be caused by dental unit surfaces which act as the mediator for bacteria to enter the body. The aim of this research was to identify and test the resistance of bacteria that found on dental unit surfaces which suspected to be contaminated by patients in Dental Clinic.

Methods: Using simple random sampling method, this research observed 15 samples of handle, instruments table and spittoon bowl surfaces. Bacterial contamination identified and tested for its resistance in Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University. Amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and cefoperazone discs were used for resistance test of bacteria.

Results: There were 16 contaminations of bacteria found. 12 of them were gram-positiveBacillus spand remaining four were gram-negative bacilli which are Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and two Klebsiella sp. The resistance test showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin while both of Klebsiella sp are resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin.

Conclusion: Dental unit surfaces are an important vehicle for resistance bacteria to spread.
The Difference of Bacterial Aerosol Quantity Based on Blood Agar Plate Position
Authors: Hasanah Novia Tri , Kasuma Nila , Fitriana Aida
Published: January 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference of bacterial aerosol quantity based on blood agarplate position with and without using chlorhexidine as pre-procedural mouthwash in ultrasonic scaling treatment.

Methods: The 16 samples rinsed using chlorhexidine and other 16 samples rinsed using sterile water before ultrasonic scaling treatment was started. Bacterial aerosol was collected using blood agar plate for 10 minutes during ultrasonic scaling treatment and placed at three different positions: chest of patient (P-I), right side of patient-8 o’clock (P-II), left side of patient-4 o’clock (P-III).

Results: The Friedman test result showed that p= 0.223 (group I) and p< 0.001 (group II). The p= 0.223 showed that there was no significant difference of bacterial aerosol quantity based on blood agar plate position.

Conclusion: Chlorhexidine can be used on bacterial aerosol reduction during ultrasonic scaling treatment.
Evaluation of Dissolving Effect of Chloroform on Three Root Canal Sealers: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Zainal Abidin Azah Binti , A. Rahman Azmiera Binti , Htun Kyaw Mya , Maw Tin
Published: January 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the dissolving effect of chloroform on AH 26 (resin-based root canal sealer), Endofill (zinc oxide eugenol-based root canal sealer) and Sealapax (calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealer). Many previous literatures have compared the solubility of several solvents towards gutta percha but very few on endodontic sealers.

Methods: The materials used in this experiment apart from the three endodontic sealers are 30 standardized stainless-steel rings, microscopic glass slide, chloroform, acetone, and three decimal digital weighing scales. Thirty standardized stainless steel rings 8mm in diameter and 3mm in height were used for the preparation of sealer specimens and were randomly divided into three experimental groups of ten rings each. Each sealer was then mixed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and introduced into the stainless-steel rings and was weighed to obtain the initial weight. Each sealer was weighed again after immersion in chloroform. The amount of sealer lost was the difference between this measurement and the original weight of the sealer. The results were tabulated and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results: The ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences existed between the groups. The post-hoc (Bonferroni) test showed that AH26 had significantly greater dissolution than Sealapex. However, there were no significant differences in dissolution between AH26 vs. Endofill and Sealapex vs. Endofill.

Conclusion: According to the methodology proposed and based on the results of this study, it may be concluded that AH26 presented the highest dissolution value.
PAX9 Mutation of Non-Syndromic Hypodontia in a Malaysian Family
Authors: Idrus Nur Farahiyah Mohamed , Rosley Nur Syahira , Irfanita Nining , Fadjar Yunita Dewi Ardini , Ichwan Solachuddin J.A , Lestari Widya
Published: January 2017

Objective: Hypodontia is portrayed by the missing of one to six numbers of teeth. PAX9 is one of the genes that caused non-syndromic hypodontia. We aimed to investigate the PAX9 mutation of non-syndromic hypodontia with clinical variability in a Malaysian hypodontia family.

Methods: Clinical examinations for all participants whilst orthophantomogram (OPG) was taken for hypodontia patient only. Saliva was collected for genetic analysis. Direct sequencing was performed by using exon 2and 3 of PAX9 gene.

Results: 3 out of 5 family members are affected with hypodontia. The mother has missing posterior tooth and her daughters have missing anterior teeth. The point mutation was identified on exon 2 on patient 1C; c.620G>T and on exon 3 on patients 1B; c.465delG, 1C; c.273T>G, 1D; c.462delT.

Conclusions: Our findings suggested those identified points mutations of PAX9 either on exon 2 or exon 3 is responsible for the hypodontia phenotype in this family.
Metal Veneer – A Case Report
Authors: ZW Lim , NA Tarib
Published: January 2017

Tooth wear refers to the loss of tooth tissue from causes other than dental caries or trauma. Excessive wear lead to loss of occlusal vertical dimension and subsequent inadequate inter-occlusal space for restoration of missing teeth. Restorative treatments of the missing teeth could only be performed after stabilization of tooth wear. Among other management, Dahl concept has been introduced to increase inter-occlusal space on collapse vertical dimension cases. These include direct and indirect composite resin restorations, cast adhesive alloys and adhesive ceramic restorations. In this case report, metal veneer restoration was performed to re-establish occlusal vertical dimension and further restore missing teeth.
Sonographic markers of fetal trisomies: second trimester.
Authors: Nyberg D A , Souter V L
Published: January 2017

Second‐trimester sonographic findings of fetal trisomy may include structural abnormalities or sonographic markers of fetal aneuploidy. Unlike structural anomalies, sonographic markers of fetal aneuploidy are insignificant by themselves with regard to outcome, are nonspecific‐‐most frequently seen in normal fetuses, and are often transient. Our objective was to review the second‐trimester sonographic findings of the major trisomic conditions, trisomies 13, 18, and 21.

We reviewed a number of the most commonly accepted markers, including nuchal thickening, hyperechoic bowel, echogenic intracardiac focus, renal pyelectasis, shortened extremities, mild cerebral ventricular dilatation, and choroid plexus cysts. Markers associated with trisomy 21 were emphasized.

The sensitivity of sonography for detection of fetal trisomic conditions varies with the type of chromosome abnormality, gestational age at the time of sonography, reasons for referral, criteria for positive sonographic findings, and the quality of the sonography. As an estimate, 1 or more sonographic findings can be identified in approximately 90% of fetuses with trisomy 13, 80% of fetuses with trisomy 18, and 50% to 70% of fetuses with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).

The presence or absence of sonographic markers can substantially modify the risk of fetal Down syndrome and is the basis of the so‐called genetic sonogram. Because maternal biochemical and sonographic markers are largely independent, combined risk estimates will result in even higher detection rates than either alone.
Viscosity of mafic magmas at high pressures
Authors: Cochain B. , Sanloup C. , Leroy C. , Kono Y.
Published: January 2017

While it is accepted that silica‐rich melts behave anomalously with a decrease of their viscosity at increased pressures (P), the viscosity of silica‐poor melts is much less constrained. However, modeling of mantle melts dynamics throughout Earth's history, including the magma ocean era, requires precise knowledge of the viscous properties of silica‐poor magmas. We extend here our previous measurements on fayalite melt to natural end‐members pyroxenite melts (MgSiO3 and CaSiO3) using in situ X‐ray radiography up to 8 GPa. For all compositions, viscosity decreases with P, rapidly below 5 GPa and slowly above. The magnitude of the viscosity decrease is larger for pyroxene melts than for fayalite melt and larger for the Ca end‐member within pyroxene melts. The anomalous viscosity decrease appears to be a universal behavior for magmas up to 13 GPa, while the P dependence of viscosity beyond this remains to be measured. These results imply that mantle melts are very pervasive at depth.
Evidence of sub‐MeV EMIC‐driven electron precipitation
Authors: Hendry Aaron T. , Rodger Craig J. , Clilverd Mark A.
Published: January 2017

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are potentially important drivers of the loss of energetic electrons from the radiation belts. Numerous theoretical calculations exist with conflicting predictions of one of the key parameters: the minimum resonance energy of electrons precipitated into the atmosphere by EMIC waves. In this study we initially analyze an EMIC electron precipitation event using data from two different spacecraft instruments to investigate the energies involved. Combining observations from these satellites, we find that the electron precipitation has a peak flux at ∼250 keV. Extending the analysis technique to a previously published database of similar scattering events, we find that the peak electron precipitation flux occurs predominantly around 300 keV, with only ∼11% of events peaking in the 1–4 MeV range. Such a significant population of low‐energy EMIC‐driven electron precipitation events highlights the possibility for EMIC waves to be significant drivers of radiation belt electron losses.
Contrasting hydrogeologic responses to warming in permafrost and seasonally frozen ground hillslopes
Authors: Evans Sarah G. , Ge Shemin
Published: January 2017

Seasonally frozen ground (SFG) and permafrost underlay approximately half of the land surface in the Northern Hemisphere. It is anticipated that climate warming will degrade both types of frozen ground, altering groundwater discharge to streams. While the effects of permafrost degradation on groundwater discharge have been analyzed, quantification of how groundwater discharge in degrading permafrost differs from that in SFG is lacking. This study simulates coupled groundwater and heat transport under freeze‐thaw conditions for four representative hillslopes underlain by either continuous permafrost or SFG and compares groundwater discharge outputs under projected warming scenarios over decadal scales. Model results show that without warming there is more groundwater discharge in hillslopes with SFG than permafrost. After a century of warming, groundwater discharge increases for both kinds of frozen ground, but permafrost experiences a larger increase than SFG. These findings have implications for aquatic ecosystems and prioritizing water resource planning.
Additive amelioration of ALS by co‐targeting independent pathogenic mechanisms
Authors: Frakes Ashley E. , Braun Lyndsey , Ferraiuolo Laura , Guttridge Denis C. , Kaspar Brian K.
Published: January 2017

Objective

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in which glia are central mediators of motor neuron (MN) death. Since multiple cell types are involved in disease pathogenesis, the objective of this study was to determine the benefit of co‐targeting independent pathogenic mechanisms in a familial ALS mouse model.

Methods

Recently, our laboratory identified that ALS microglia induce MN death in an NF‐κB‐dependent mechanism. We also demonstrated that a single, post‐natal, intravenous injection of adeno‐associated viral vector serotype 9 encoding a shRNA against mutant SOD1 is able to traverse the blood–brain barrier of ALS mice and reduce SOD1‐expression in astrocytes and MNs. Reducing mutant SOD1 in MNs and astrocytes led to a robust increase in survival. To evaluate the benefit of co‐targeting multiple cell types in ALS, we combined microglial NF‐κB suppression with SOD1 reduction in astrocytes and MNs.

Results

Targeting both astrocytes and microglia resulted in an additive increase in survival and motor function by delaying both onset and progression. Strikingly, targeting all three cell types (astrocytes, motor neurons [MNs], and microglia) resulted in an additive increase in lifespan and motor function, with maximum survival reaching 204 days, 67 days longer than the mean survival of untreated control animals.

Interpretation

Our data suggest that a combinatorial approach co‐targeting different pathogenic mechanisms in independent cell types is a beneficial therapeutic strategy for ALS.
Controlled Electrochemical Deposition of Large‐Area MoS2 on Graphene for High‐Responsivity Photodetectors
Authors: Wan Xi , Chen Kun , Chen Zefeng , Xie Fangyan , Zeng Xiaoliang , Xie Weiguang , Chen Jian , Xu Jianbin
Published: January 2017

Controllable creating of wafer‐scale homogeneous vertical or parallel 2D heterostructures with low cost by the van der Waals stacking or covalently bonded stitching of 2D layered materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition‐metal dichalcogenides, is of great challenge. In this paper, a new green growth strategy for the fabrication of high‐quality large‐area and low‐cost vertical MoS2/graphene heterostructures has been successfully demonstrated via electrochemical deposition in water solution, followed by an annealing process in chemical vapour deposition system for the first time. The vertical MoS2/graphene heterostructures have been systematically investigated by the combined use of Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. This simple, reliable, and environmentally friendly growth strategy on conducting monolayer graphene in a controlled manner opens up a new way for producing low‐cost, large‐area, and high‐quality vertical MoS2/graphene heterostructures, which have promising applications not only in electronics and optoelectronics but also in the fields of catalysis and renewable energy.
Engineered Extracellular Matrices as Biomaterials of Tunable Composition and Function
Authors: Bourgine Paul Emile , Gaudiello Emanuele , Pippenger Benjamin , Jaquiery Claude , Klein Thibaut , Pigeot Sebastien , Todorov Atanas , Feliciano Sandra , Banfi Andrea , Martin Ivan
Published: January 2017

Engineered and decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) are receiving increasing interest in regenerative medicine as materials capable to induce cell growth/differentiation and tissue repair by physiological presentation of embedded cues. However, ECM production/decellularization processes and control over their composition remain primary challenges. This study reports engineering of ECM materials with customized properties, based on genetic manipulation of immortalized and death‐inducible human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC), cultured within 3D porous scaffolds under perfusion flow. The strategy allows for robust ECM deposition and subsequent decellularization by deliberate cell‐apoptosis induction. As compared to standard production and freeze/thaw treatment, this grants superior preservation of ECM, leading to enhanced bone formation upon implantation in calvarial defects. Tunability of ECM composition and function is exemplified by modification of the cell line to overexpress vascular endothelial growth factor alpha (VEGF), which results in selective ECM enrichment and superior vasculature recruitment in an ectopic implantation model. hMSC lines culture under perfusion‐flow is pivotal to achieve uniform scaffold decoration with ECM and to streamline the different engineering/decellularization phases in a single environmental chamber. The findings outline the paradigm of combining suitable cell lines and bioreactor systems for generating ECM‐based off‐the‐shelf materials, with custom set of signals designed to activate endogenous regenerative processes.
A game theoretic framework for petroleum refinery strategic production planning
Authors: Tominac Philip , Mahalec Vladimir
Published: January 2017

A game theoretic framework for strategic refinery production planning is presented in which strategic planning problems are formulated as non‐cooperative potential games whose solutions represent Nash equilibria. The potential game model takes the form of a nonconvex nonlinear program (NLP) and we examine an additional scenario extending this to a nonconvex mixed integer nonlinear program (MINLP). Tactical planning decisions are linked to strategic decision processes through a potential game structure derived from a Cournot oligopoly‐type game in which multiple crude oil refineries supply several markets. Two scenarios are presented which illustrate the utility of the game theoretic framework in the analysis of production planning problems in competitive scenarios. Solutions to these problems are interpreted as mutual best responses yielding maximum profit in the competitive planning game. The resulting production planning decisions are rational in a game theoretic sense and are robust to deviations in competitor strategies. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2751–2763, 2017
Does cortical bone thickness in the last sacral vertebra differ among tail types in primates?
Authors: Nishimura Abigail C. , Russo Gabrielle A.
Published: January 2017

Objectives

The external morphology of the sacrum is demonstrably informative regarding tail type (i.e., tail presence/absence, length, and prehensility) in living and extinct primates. However, little research has focused on the relationship between tail type and internal sacral morphology, a potentially important source of functional information when fossil sacra are incomplete. Here, we determine if cortical bone cross‐sectional thickness of the last sacral vertebral body differs among tail types in extant primates and can be used to reconstruct tail types in extinct primates.

Materials and Methods

Cortical bone cross‐sectional thickness in the last sacral vertebral body was measured from high‐resolution CT scans belonging to 20 extant primate species (N = 72) assigned to tail type categories (“tailless,” “nonprehensile short‐tailed,” “nonprehensile long‐tailed,” and “prehensile‐tailed”). The extant dataset was then used to reconstruct the tail types for four extinct primate species.

Results

Tailless primates had significantly thinner cortical bone than tail‐bearing primates. Nonprehensile short‐tailed primates had significantly thinner cortical bone than nonprehensile long‐tailed primates. Cortical bone cross‐sectional thickness did not distinguish between prehensile‐tailed and nonprehensile long‐tailed taxa. Results are strongly influenced by phylogeny. Corroborating previous studies, Epipliopithecus vindobonensis was reconstructed as tailless, Archaeolemur edwardsi as long‐tailed, Megaladapis grandidieri as nonprehensile short‐tailed, and Palaeopropithecus kelyus as nonprehensile short‐tailed or tailless.

Conclusions

Results indicate that, in the context of phylogenetic clade, measures of cortical bone cross‐sectional thickness can be used to allocate extinct primate species to tail type categories.
Depolarizing γ‐aminobutyric acid contributes to glutamatergic network rewiring in epilepsy
Authors: Kourdougli Nazim , Pellegrino Christophe , Renko Juho‐Matti , Khirug Stanislav , Chazal Geneviève , Kukko‐Lukjanov Tiina‐Kaisa , Lauri Sari E. , Gaiarsa Jean‐Luc , Zhou Liang , Peret Angélique , Castrén Eero , Tuominen Raimo K. , Crépel Valérie , Rivera Claudio
Published: January 2017

Objective

Rewiring of excitatory glutamatergic neuronal circuits is a major abnormality in epilepsy. Besides the rewiring of excitatory circuits, an abnormal depolarizing γ‐aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) drive has been hypothesized to participate in the epileptogenic processes. However, a remaining clinically relevant question is whether early post–status epilepticus (SE) evoked chloride dysregulation is important for the remodeling of aberrant glutamatergic neuronal circuits.

Methods

Osmotic minipumps were used to infuse intracerebrally a specific inhibitor of depolarizing GABAergic transmission as well as a functionally blocking antibody toward the pan‐neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR). The compounds were infused between 2 and 5 days after pilocarpine‐induced SE. Immunohistochemistry for NKCC1, KCC2, and ectopic recurrent mossy fiber (rMF) sprouting as well as telemetric electroencephalographic and electrophysiological recordings were performed at day 5 and 2 months post‐SE.

Results

Blockade of NKCC1 after SE with the specific inhibitor bumetanide restored NKCC1 and KCC2 expression, normalized chloride homeostasis, and significantly reduced the glutamatergic rMF sprouting within the dentate gyrus. This mechanism partially involves p75NTR signaling, as bumetanide application reduced SE‐induced p75NTR expression and functional blockade of p75NTR decreased rMF sprouting. The early transient (3 days) post‐SE infusion of bumetanide reduced rMF sprouting and recurrent seizures in the chronic epileptic phase.

Interpretation

Our findings show that early post‐SE abnormal depolarizing GABA and p75NTR signaling fosters a long‐lasting rearrangement of glutamatergic network that contributes to the epileptogenic process. This finding defines promising and novel targets to constrain reactive glutamatergic network rewiring in adult epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2017;81:251–265