bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIDEL CASTRO E SALVADOR ALLENDE: RELAÇÕES POLÍTICAS E INSTITUCIONAIS DO CARIBE AO CONE SUL (1959-1972)
Authors: Soares Amanda Beatriz Riedlinger , Alves Hélio Augusto de Souza
Published: April 2022

Nesse trabalho, investigamos e discutimos aspectos que marcaram a relação política e institucional de dois personagens de destaque na cena latino-americana: Fidel Castro e Salvador Allende. Essa relação, que aproximou Cuba e Chile em perspectiva institucional, começou em 1959, quando o então senador chileno pousou na ilha para acompanhar os desdobramentos da revolução. Destacamos a importância desse evento em 1959 uma vez que percebemos uma lacuna historiográfica em reflexões acerca do tema, já que a historiografia dedicou maior atenção à chegada de Fidel no Chile em novembro de 1971, com pouca ou nenhuma atenção às relações estabelecidas previamente. Para compreender a fraternidade e, sem dúvida, as tensões que permearam essa amizade, nos embasamos em fontes impressas da esquerda de Cuba e do Chile. Selecionamos os seguintes órgãos de imprensa para a análise: o periódico cubano Revolución; a revista cubana Bohemia e a revista chilena Punto Final a partir dos quais trabalhamos em torno da hipótese de que a prévia relação entre os líderes, documentada pela imprensa, viabilizou uma aproximação entre as duas nações.
البلاغة الكوانتمية
Authors: غضبان ليلى
Published: April 2022

يقدم هذا البحث رؤيا جديدة؛ تقوم على أن البلاغة لم تمت ولن تموت؛ لأن موت البلاغة يعني فناء الإنسان، ويدعو إلى فتح رؤى جديدة لدراسة البلاغة، فقد قدمت مساهمات في تجديدها نحو: بلاغة الحجاج، البلاغة التداولية، بلاغة السرد، تحت مظلة البلاغات الجديدة، لكن هذا البحث يدرس البلاغة من زاوية مغايرة، حيث يطرح مجموعة إشكاليات.
لكن البحث يرى أن الوحدة بين الصور هي الأصل( مثل الجنين يبدأ علقة، فمضغة، ثم تبدأ الأعضاء والأجهزة في التخلق)، فليس من المعقول أن نفرق بين هذه الأعضاء والأجهزة؛ بل هي متلاحمة متكاملة مع بعضها) والصور البيانية نفس النسق؛ والدليل أننا نجد الاستعارة المكنية، المجاز المركب بالاستعارة التمثيلية. يستند البحث إلى نظرية الكوانتم وفلسفتها الجديدة في حقل المعرفة، ويستثمرها لإعادة تجديد البلاغة.
الدوافع النفس-إجتماعية للعمالة النسوية في الجزائر :من حالة بطالة إلى حالة هشاشة مهنية
Authors: سعدي نوال
Published: April 2022

يعالج موضوع البحث العمالة النسوية في الجزائر التي برزت مؤخرا كانشط وفاعل إإجتماعي على مستوى كل الأصعدة الإقتصادية والإجتماعية والتقافية، بإعتبار العمل ضرورة أساسية وميزان الحياة االعامة للفرد والمرأة العاملة بالخصوص، وهذا راجع إلى تحقيق جملة من الدوافع النفسية والإجتماعية والتعليمية لإثبات ذاتها ووجودها في المجتمع ،حيث خلصت الدراسة  إلى تحصيل جملة من المؤشرات التي كانت من بين الأسياب والآثار في خروج المراة للعمل في مهن ذات طابع هش وكانت البطالة من أهم الدوافع والمشكلات الإجتماعية التي تضاربت معها الفئة النسوية في ظل ظروف إجتماعية ونفسية صعبة.
النظام القانوني لتقنية البلوك تشين
Authors: Eltohamy Hana
Published: April 2022

يتناول هذا البحث البلوك تشين أو ما يُعرف بسلسة الكُتَل بوصفها منظمومة تقنية تسمح بالتعاملات الرقمية الموثوقة بين طرفين أو أكثر، وهى عبارة عن سلسلة طويلة من البيانات المشفرة والمجمعة في شكل كتل موزعة على عدد كبير من الحواسيب بحيث يستطيع المشاركون إنجاز المعاملات بشكل لا مركزي وبدون وساطة، ولا يمكن لأي طرف تعديل البيانات والمعلومات الموجودة بها..
ونظرًا لأن التعامل عبر تقنية البلوك تشين يثير عدة تساؤلات قانونية تتعلق بمدى نظامية التعامل بها والمعوقات التي تواجه المتعاملين من خلالها، لذلك حاولت في هذا البحث الوقوف على ماهية البلوك تشين، ومزاياها ومعوقاتها، ثم النظام القانوني للبلوك تشين وحجية التعامل بها من خلال العقود الذكية وطبيعتها القانونية لأنها تلعب دورًا مهمًا في حفظ حقوق جميع الأطراف فالعقد يعد أهم جزء في تقنية البلوك تشين لضمان تنفيذه تلقائيا، فإذا انتشر تطبيق العقود الذكية بشكل أكبر فإنها ستحل الكثير من المشاكل القانونية وفقًا لمبادئ اللامركزية والشبكة المفتوحة، وأخيرًا أهم النتائج والتوصيات المتعلقة بتقنية البلوك تشين لدعم التعامل بها بوصفها منصة أمنة للمعاملات الرقمية .
معالجة تربوية لظاهرة التسرب في الوسط المدرسي – دراسة حالة الثانويات بالجزائر-
Authors: Tebbouche Sabrina
Published: April 2022

لقد أثار تفشي ظاهرة التسرب المدرسي قلق الكثير من المربين والمثقفين والسياسيين والمهتمين بالاقتصاد التربوي ولقد أولت الكثير من الحكومات اهتماما خاصا من أجل دراسة هذه الظاهرة و البحث عن  أسبابها وإيجاد الحلول المناسبة لعلاجها اذ تعد من الآفات التي تواجه العملية التعليمية ومستقبل الأجيال في  معظم المجتمعات لكونها إهدار تربوي لا يقتصر أثره على التلميذ فحسب بل يتعدى ذلك إلى جميع نواحي المجتمع ، ونهدف من خلال هذه الدراسة إلى معالجة ظاهرة التسرب في الوسط المدرسي معالجة تربوية نتعرف من خلالها على  تفشي الظاهيرة وماهي الحلول البيداغوجية المقترحة
حيث توصلت الدراسة إلى أنه هناك عدة أسباب للظاهرة التسرب في الثانويات بالجزائر باعتبار هذه المرحلة حسب تقرير البنك الدولي 2011 الأسرع في النمو بين جميع قطاعات التعليم النظامي مما جعل هذه الحركية السريعة تقترن بظهور مؤشرات سلبية كثيرة متعلقة بزيادة حالات الفشل الدراسي والتسرب المدرسي.
الكلمات المفتاحية: التسرب –الوسط المدرسي – مؤسسات التعليم الثانوي
سياسة السلطان العثماني عبد العزيز الإصلاحية (1861-1876 م ) (دراسة تأريخية)
Authors: الألي الرافع , حسين محمود ساهرة
Published: April 2022

الحمد لله رب العالمين سابغُ النعمُ ، والشكر لله تعالى ذي الجود والكرم ، والصلاة والسلام على أشرف الأنبياء والمرسلين النبي الأكرم الخاتم الأمين  محمد بن عبد االله " صلى اللهُ عليهِ وآله وسلم "  ، الطيبين الطاهرين والأئمة الأخيار، واللعن الدائم على أعدائهم أجمعين إلى قيام يوم الدين .
    وصلت الدولة العثمانية إلى أوج سطوتها وتوسعها في عهد السلطان سليمان القانوني ( 1520 – 1566م) ، في أواخر القرن السادس عشر الميلادي ، لكن بعدها أخذت تسير نحو الانحلال والانحطاط ، وبدأ الضعف واضحا ً بفساد نظام الجيش الإنكشاري (   Janissary ) ، الذي أصبح آلة فساد وفوضى بعد أن تضاءل ارتباط الإنكشاريين بثكناتهم العسكرية . وأمسى الكثير منهم لا يذهبون إليها إلا لاستلام  المرتبات ، وباع الكثير منهم تذاكر " علوفاتهم " أي مرتباتهم ، كما تباع الأسهم والسندات لمن يرغب فيها من الناس ، وصار الكثير منهم يعملون بمهن مختلفة ، وكانوا لا يجتمعون إلا لعزل وزير وتنصيب آخر ؛ أو لرفع صوت العصيان للمطالبة بزيادة العطايا والعلوفات . وقد أدى فساد هذا النظام إلى سوء أحوال الدولة الإدارية  . فمنذ أواخر القرن السادس عشر الميلادي ، تنبه رجال الإصلاح العثمانيون إلى ضرورة إدخال الإصلاح إلى هيكلية الدولة ، فكان الجانب العسكري من أهم الجوانب التي تناولها الإصلاح ؛ في دولة ذات طابع عسكري منذ تكوينها .
      إستمرت الدول الأوربية في الضغط على الدولة العثمانية للقيام بعملية إصلاح على النهج الأوربي وفكره ومبادئه العلمانية، في حين أكد السلطان عبد العزيز عزمه على مواصلة مسيرة والده السلطان محمود الثاني (1808-1839 م) ، وأخيه السلطان عبد المجيد الأول(1839-1861 م) ؛ فأبقى على كل المكلفين بتنفيذ الإصلاحيات في مناصبهم .
تفعيل الإتصال الرقمي بالجامعات الجزائرية في ظل الأزمات -رقمنة المؤتمرات نموذجا-
Authors: العلمي إيمان , بركم زهير
Published: April 2022

نهدف من خلال هذه الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على ضرورة التحول الرقمي بالجامعات الجزائرية في ظل أزمة كوفيد 19 ، كما نهدف إلى تبيان ضرورة استخدام المؤتمرات الرقمية في ظل الأزمات، والكشف عن طرق تنظيم مؤتمرات رقمية في مجال التعليم العالي ومعيقات استخدامه، ومستوى تفاعل أعضاء هيئة التدريس مع المؤتمر الرقمي الوطني الأول للأقاليم السياحية.و قصد الإحاطة بالموضوع ونظرا لطبيعته تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي اعتبر أنسب لطبيعة الموضوع على توضيح المفاهيم المتعلقة بتحديد ماهية الاتصال الرقمي وضرورته في الجامعة الجزائرية في ظل أزمة كوفيد 19 ومفاهيم متعلقة بالمؤتمرات الرقمية وسبل تفعيلها ، وهذا المنهج من شأنه أن يوصلنا إلى معطيات كمية تخدم الأهداف التي سطرناها والإشكالية التي بنينا عليها هذه الدراسة. النتائج: لقد كان لأزمة كوفيد 19 تأثير كبير على الجامعة الجزائرية وتحديدا مؤتمراتها التي كانت تعقد كل فترة، وهذا بسبب منع التجمعات على اختلاف أنواعها بحكم الإجراءات الوقائية وطبيعة الفيروس شديد العدوى، لكن الاتصال الرقمي كان له الفضل في المساعدة على استمرار هذا النوع من الفعاليات عبر استخدام الانترنت في عقدها لمواصلة عجلة البحث العلمي وتنمية التعليم العالي. الخلاصة: في ظل أزمة كوفيد 19 لم يعد قطاع الإتصالات يقتصر على التواصل التقليدي والبحث عن المعلومات، بل بات التوجه للتواصل عبر الإنترنت خصوصا على مستوى الجامعات، واكتسب هذا التوجه قوة وانتشار كبيرين ونتيجة لذلك نرى اليوم المؤتمرات الرقمية حيث يشارك الأفراد لساعات محددة مسبقا، لتغطية موضوع واسع، في مؤسسات التعليم العالي. وتعتبر عملية التحول الرقمي في المؤتمرات جد حساسة في ظل أزمة كوفيد 19 وضرورية.
سلوك التجار تجاه نشأة وتطور المناطق التجارية الحديثة في الفرع البلدي مصراتة المركز (شارع إقزير أنموذجًا)
Authors: الألي الرافع , علي المجيعي ابتسام , حاتم افكيرين انتصار
Published: April 2022

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة سلوك التجار تجاه نشأه وتطور المناطق التجارية من خلال تحليل فكر" ديموغرافية الشركات", الذي يقوم على أساس دراسة حركة المنشآت الاقتصادية, والتعامل مع المناطق التجارية كأفراد العائلة من حيث الولادة والنمو والتطوروالهجرة والموت, واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي لتحليل البيانات والمنهج التحليلي لتحليل البيانات, وكذلك المقابلات الشخصية والعمل الميداني الذي تجسد في أسلوب الاستبانة وتم تحليلها باستخدام برنامج التحليل الإحصائي, ولتحقق الدراسة أهدافها تم اختيار شارع إقزير أنموذجًا لدراسة المناطق التجارية الحديثة في مصراتة المركز, وتم اختيار عينة عشوائية طبقية بلغت (97) من المحال التجارية بنسبة (57%), وأظهرت الدراسة العديد من النتائج أبرزها أن ارتفاع الكثافة السكانية من أهم  العوامل  تأثيرًا على نجاح المناطق التجارية , يليها وجود منافسة شديدة بين المحال التجارية وارتفاع القوة الشرائية  لدى الزبائن.
The Impact of the Reserves of Conventional and Islamic Banks Operating in Jordan on the Book Value and Market Value of Shares: A Comparative Analytical Study
Authors: Ahmad Abu Musa Rasmiyah , Munir Malham Maysa
Published: April 2022

This study aimed at identifying the impact of the  reserves of Islamic and conventional banks whose shares are listed on the Amman Stock Exchange on the book and market value of these shares for the period (2010-2018). The study included thirteen conventional banks and two Islamic banks. The study found that there is a statistically significant effect of reserves held by Islamic and conventional banks on the market price, an effect of 73.6% for Islamic banks and 16.5% for conventional banks. Also, the study found that a statistically significant effect appeared between the reserves of Islamic banks and their stocks’ book value; this effect did not appear with conventional banks. The study also found that there was no statistically significant effect between the change in the reserves of conventional and Islamic banks and the change in the market price, and there was no statistically significant effect between the change in the reserves and the change in the book value of both conventional and Islamic banks.
ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Basella alba Linn MODULATES ACRYLAMIDE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: Adewale Omowumi Oyeronke , Samuel Ekundayo , Gbadegesin Michael , Owumi Solomon , Odunola Oyeronke
Published: April 2022

Acrylamide (AA), a common toxicant in processed foods is associated with cancer development via induction of oxidative stress. Therefore, the need for a potent antioxidant substance or compound that could ameliorate this toxic effect. Basella alba has been reported to have medicinal properties, and in this study, the anti-oxidative potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Basella alba (ELEBa) were assessed against oxidative stress induced by acrylamide in male Wistar rats (120-150g). Twenty (20) animals were grouped into four. Group 1: 1 ml/kg body weight (bwt.) distilled water (control), Group 2: 17.5 mg/kg bwt AA, Group 3: 17.5 mg/kg bwt AA+100 mg/kg bwt ELEBa, Group 4: 17.5 mg/kg bwt AA + 250 mg/kg bwt ELEBa. Treatment of animals was done orally and once daily for 14 days before sacrifice. The liver and kidney tissues were processed for the analyses of antioxidant activities. Serum was analyzed for hepatic and renal function bio markers in the treated animals. The plant’s bio active constituents were characterized by GC-MS. Acrylamide caused a significant (p < 0.05) ameliorated these values. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of pentadecanoic acid, n‐hexadecanoic acid, cis‐13-octadecenoic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, oleic acid and octadecanoic acid.  Our findings suggest that, ELEBa is a potential chemopreventive agent against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress in wistar rats.
LIPASES: AN EFFICIENT BIOCATALYST FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Patel Radhika , Trivedi Ujjval , Patel Kamlesh C.
Published: April 2022

Lipases (3.1.1.3) are ubiquitous, biogenic enzymes which hydrolyses the triacylglycerols at the water-oil interface. Many species of animals, plants, and microbes produces lipases. The organisms able to produce lipases which could tolerate organic solvents, high temperature, is of industrial interest. Apart from its natural aqueous catalysis it also performs synthetic reactions in non-aqueous conditions, which have undergone tremendous development in last decade and have become a part of growing biotechnological applications. Immobilization of lipases on the particulate carriers have also been widely used for the enzyme’s efficient use. Vast industrial applications have been established such as detergent formulations, oleochemical, nutrition, textile, agrochemical industry, food technology, pharmaceutical field and fine chemical processing. Except latter three, most commercial applications do not requisite excessive purification or high degree of purity.
INFLUENCE OF UNRIPE BANANA FLOUR INCORPORATION ON THE PHYSICAL, ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES AND CONSUMER ACCEPTABILITY OF BISCUITS
Authors: Mashau Mpho Edward , Rambau Fhulufhelo Desiree , Kgatla Tsietsie Ephraim
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of incorporating unripe banana flour (UBF) in biscuit in order to determine its physical, antioxidant and sensory properties. Two unripe non-commercial banana cultivars (Luvhele and Mabonde) were used.  Wheat flour was replaced by 10, 15, 20 and 30% of UBF. Functional properties of UBF, physical properties, polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and consumer acceptability of baked biscuits were determined. Functional properties of UBF revealed decrease in water and oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity and increase in bulk density at p < 0.05. Weight, thickness, fracturability and hardness of composite biscuits significantly increased at p < 0.05. The diameter and spread ratio decreased with the inclusion of UBF. The colour of the biscuits (L*, b* and hue values) also decreased. However, the addition of UBF increased the a* value, colour differences and total phenolic content of biscuits. The total flavonoid content of Luvhele biscuits increased while that of Mabonde biscuits decreased. The antioxidant properties of biscuits were enhanced with UBF addition. Consumer acceptability results revealed that biscuits with 10% UBF level were more acceptable by panellists with regards to taste, crispness and overall acceptability. Results show that UBF can be utilised as functional ingredient in bakery products such as biscuits.
NOVEL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GnRHR GENE AND GROWTH TRAITS IN AWASSI AND KARAKUL SHEEP
Authors: Al-Jubouri Thamer , Hassan Amad , Al-Shuhaib Mohammed Baqur
Published: April 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the association of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GnRHR) gene with growth traits in Awassi (n= 123) and Karakul (n= 78) sheep. Starting from the birth-day to 12 months of age, several growth traits were investigated, namely body weight and length, wither and rump height, chest, and abdominal circumferences. Four fragments were designed to amplify three exons of GnRHR gene, P1 and P2 for exon 1, P3 for exon 2, and P4 for exon 3.  The polymorphisms in these amplicons were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method. Genotypic and allele frequency of GnRHR gene were computed after sequence alignment. The results detected two different SSCP banding patterns GG and GA for both P2 and P3 amplicons, and two novel mutations were observed in GA genotype of P2 and P3 amplicons respectively, p.N87= and p.L242F. The identified p.N87= exhibited no relationship with all measured growth traits, while p.L242F showed significant association with the body weight, length, and abdominal circumference in month-6 and month-9. This association was increasingly observed in month-12 with all growth traits, in which individuals with GA genotype exhibited higher growth traits measurements than individuals with GG genotype (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the detected polymorphism of GnRHR gene exon-2 may be useful in marker-assisted selection for growth traits in Awassi and Karakul breeds. This study is the first one to describe the effect of GnRHR polymorphisms on growth traits, which confirm the potential usefulness of this gene in marker-assisted selection in sheep.
EVALUATION OF RECOMBINANT GLUCOAMYLASE EXPRESSION BY A NATIVE AND α-MATING FACTOR SECRETION SIGNAL IN PICHIA PASTORIS
Authors: Karim Kazi Muhammad Rezaul , Tasnim Tasmia
Published: April 2022

Raw starch degrading enzyme specially glucoamylase with starch binding domain (SBD) has great values in the starch processing industry because it digests the starch particles below the gelatinization temperature by releasing glucose from the non-reducing ends sequentially. The purpose of the study was to measure the secretion levels of recombinant glucoamylase from Pichia pastoris, by using the α-mating factor secretion signal peptide (α-MF) and the native signal peptide of glucoamylase from Aspergillus flavus NSH9. The Aspergillus flavus NSH9 gene (with and without native signal sequences), encoding a pH and thermostable glucoamylase with an SBD, was successfully cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris to produce recombinant glucoamylases. The constructed recombinant plasmids pPICZB_GA2 (having a native signal peptides) and pPICZαC_GA2 (having the α-MF) were 5144 and 5356 bp in length respectively. Recombinant pichia having α-MF signal sequence (plasmid, pPICZαC_GA2) gave the highest level of secretions of recombinant glucoamylase after 6 days of incubation period with 0.5% methanol. In conclusion, yeast expression vector signal peptide is more efficient for heterologous expression/secretions of recombinant glucoamylase compared to its native signal sequences.
AFLATOXIN M1 INDUCING GENOTOXICITY AND PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS IN ORGAN MEATS, LIVER OF CATTLE SAMPLED FROM EL-BASATIN ABATTOIR, EGYPT
Authors: El- Gohary Islam , Abd-Elsalam Reham , Fadal Nasser , Mahmoud Mahmoud
Published: April 2022

In this study, two hundred and thirteen liver samples were randomly collected from different ages and both sexes of cattle carcasses in El-Basatin abattoir, Cairo governorate, Egypt. One hundred ninety- seven samples out of the examined specimens were free from any bacterial infections; but showed enlargement and pallor. Thirty-nine specimens representing about 20% of the bacteria- free specimens were examined to detect the Aflatoxins and its metabolites using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and LC MS/MS. All Pathological appraisals were recorded and the genotoxicity of the studied mycotoxin was detected using single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet). Our study revealed that there were prominent deleterious effects of Aflatoxin M1 on the hepatic tissue. The detection of aflatoxins’ metabolites in the hepatic tissues is of great importance on the health of human consuming organ meat; and on the other hand, it may affect the farm animals’ performance.
ALKALINE CELLULASE FREE XYLANASE FROM BACILLUS SP. ASX42: PROPERTIES, PURIFICATION AND ITS EFFECT ON SEED GERMINATION
Authors: Köstekci Sedat , Aygan Ashabil , Comlekcioglu Nazan , Sarıtürk Sevtap
Published: April 2022

Bacillus sp. ASX42 isolated from soil samples of Lake Van shores, Turkey, and the strain producing cellulose-free xylanase enzyme with an optimum pH 9.0, at 60ºC. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated as 66 kDa on SDS PAGE analysis. Thermal stability of enzyme was detected average 68.7% at 4-60ºC and 60% at 65-95ºC while pH stability was observed about 90% between pH 3.5-13.0 for 15 min. As HgCl2 presented a strong inhibitor activity, Cobalt (132%) and Manganese (130%) showed a stimulatory effect on xylanase activity. The remaining activity was found to be 77%, 89%, and 92% in the presence of EDTA, 1,10-Phenanthroline monohydrate and β- mercaptoethanol, respectively. In this study, some known purification materials were compared for effectiveness. According to the results, cellulase-free xylanase ASX42 has shown a stimulatory effect on germination of Anagyris foedita and Ceratonia siliqua seeds. It has also produced a whitening effect on wastepaper pulp.
RABBIT ANTI-MOUSE SERUM ALBUMIN POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY GENERATION FOR RELEASE TESTING OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES PRODUCED FROM MURINE ASCITES FLUID
Authors: Veitia Isi , Fernandez Jose Miguel , Camacho Ronny , Machín Yeleiny , Luna Yaramis , Benítez Liudmila , Martínez Duniesky , Pérez Joel Javier , Pina Ricardo , Ulloa Lisbet , Pérez Enrique , Cabrera Yeosvany
Published: April 2022

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become essential analytical tools for biomedical and veterinary diagnosis and the analytical release of other biomolecules due to their high specificity and reproducibility. The mAbs generated in mice contain murine serum albumin (MSA) as the main potential contaminant; this molecule interferes in a large number of tests in which these mAbs are required. For this reason, the development of analytical methods to identify and quantify MSA traces plays an important role in the quality of purified mAb. In this study, an anti-MSA polyclonal antibody (pAb) was generated in rabbit with titers of 1:2 700 000 and purified by nProtein A affinity chromatography with purity greater than 90%. The purified antibody was conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by the m-periodate method with an optimal working dilution of 1:64 000 in direct ELISA. Two applications were evaluated for the analytical release of mAbs: identity test by Western Blot and direct ELISA, and albumin quantification by sandwich ELISA. The pAb showed a high specificity capable of identifying MSA traces in the formulations evaluated. The sandwich ELISA demonstrated the ability to quantify MSA in 0.49-125 ng/mL range. These assays are suitable for screening multiple samples, allow rigorous analytical release of mAbs, and assess batch-to-batch consistency.
A modern view at the treatment of ectopic pancreas in the gastro-duodenal zone in children (a literature review)
Authors: Rumyantseva G. N. , Kazakova E. I. , Brevdo Yu. F. , Kazakov A. N.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Ectopic pancreas (EP) in children is a rare malformation. In the pediatric practice, it is rarely manifested with a pain syndrome. Although most ectopia cases are asymptomatic, some children have signs of the disease at an early age what may require a surgical intervention.Material. The researchers have analyzed domestic and foreign literature on the pancreatic ectopia in the gastro-duodenal zone which was published over the past 20 years and up to the present. The literature search with key words was done at such search engines as: Library, eLibrary, PubMed, Medline. The researchers analyzed the most important works published in the last century.Results. A review of 32 literature sources with data on epidemiology, classification, origin, diagnostics and treatment of ectopic pancreas in the gastro-duodenal zone is presented in the article. This paper specifically draws attention to a minimally invasive surgery for the radical correction of this congenital malformation.Conclusion. Surgical intervention is required for patients with a marked pain symptom after ineffective conservative treatment. The aim of surgery is to perform layered resection of the stomach wall in which the ectopic pancreatic tissue is located.
Pathology of the enteral nervous system in children with anorectal malformations
Authors: Pimenova E. S. , Korolev G. A.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The review describes a pathology of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in patients with anorectal malformations (ARM). Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children with APM after anorectoplasty (bowel impaction, constipation and fecal incontinence) is an actual problem in pediatric surgery.Materials. Literature searches was done in Scopus, PubMed, Google Scolar and eLibrary databases.Results. Reasons of unsatisfactory outcomes after the treatment are various: underdevelopment of pelvic floor muscles, low sacral ratio, redo procedures. In recent years, a certain attention has been paid to the pathology of enteric nervous system in the structure of ARM pathologies, since the intrauterine migration of neuroblasts and formation of the intestinal neuronal network are inextricably linked with the hindgut anlage. At the same time, literature on ENS state in children with anorectal transformations is not numerous and scattered. Impairments in ENS development in patients with ARM, by different authors, ranges from 3.5 to 94%. By findings of multicenter trials, the incidence of true agangliosis (Hirschsprung’s disease) in children with ARM is low (up to 3.4%).Conclusion. ARM is a group of congenital malformations of the anorectal region. The quality of life of such patients often worsens after surgery due to functional disorders, such as incomplete bowel movements, constipation and fecal incontinence. Further researches are needed to identify changes in ENS in patients with anorectal malformations in order to correct management tactics and improve their quality of life after surgery.
Surgical treatment of Littre hernia in a 6-month old child
Authors: Panchoyan V. M. , Belyakova O. O. , Belov S. A.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. A surgical care in complicated hernias of the anterior abdominal wall remains an acute issue in pediatric surgery. Strangulated hernia is the most common and dangerous complication. It is worth mentioning that the risk of developing this complication in children during the first six months of their life reaches 24%. The clinical course of strangulated hernia in children is characterized by a large variety of symptoms depending on patient’s age, anatomical and pathomorphological features of his/her organs and systems. A correct assessment of clinical, laboratory and instrumental findings can help in identifying uncommon types of hernia infringement.Material and methods. A case of clinical observation and surgical treatment of a 6-month old child with Littre hernia is presented.Results. By the literature data, emotional and motor restlessness prevails in the structure of complaints in infants with strangulated hernia. Patients with uncommon types of hernia infringement may be regarded as a separate group. Patients with Littre hernia, which is one of the types of parietal infringement, belong to this group. Littre hernia incidence does not exceed 0.5% of the total number of hernia strangulations. Clinical symptoms of the atypical hernia infringement may be mild or non-classical. It is known that mild clinical manifestations of strangulated hernia as well as limited diagnostic potentials of laboratory, X-ray and ultrasound examinations in young children increase the risk of developing destructive changes in the intestinal wall. Therefore, an active surgical tactics of hernia treatment prevents the development of atypical forms of hernia infringement and complications associated with it.Conclusion. Thus, early detection of hernias of the anterior abdominal wall, since the neonatal period, an adequate observation tactics and timely performed surgical intervention is the basis for preventing peritonitis and intestinal obstruction in young children.
Thoracoscopic treatment of bullous lung disease in teenage athletes
Authors: Poddubniy I. V. , Trunov V. O. , Tolstov K. N. , Aksyonova N. V. , Bronnikova E. Yu. , Fedorova E. V. , Mager A. O. , Malashenko A. S. , Hanov M. M.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Bullous lung disease (BLD) is one of the most common lung diseases in childhood. BLD frequent complication is primary spontaneous pneumothorax. According to some authors, 88–92% of pneumothorax cases occur in BLD patients; therefore, to study this pathology is of a clinical interest.Material and methods. The article describes a case report of bullous lung disease in a teenage athlete. The article also presents modern data on BLD etiology, pathogenesis and treatment. The established diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory and instrumental findings.Results. The child had thoracoscopic resection of the lung. Assessment of catamnestic findings shows the radical nature of surgical intervention. Conclusion. The obtained clinical experience of thoracoscopic lung resection confirms advantages of the applied minimally invasive surgical treatment which are accelerated rehabilitation period and less postoperative complications.
Microfoam sclerotherapy for treating a venous malformation on the child’s in a 16-year-old child
Authors: Nikonov A. V. , Sapelkin S. V. , Mitish V. A.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Congenital vascular malformation is one of the most difficult pathologies in modern vascular surgery. Due to a large variability of lesions in each case, a personalized approach is required.Material and Methods. A 16-year-old girl with a right half – face venous malformation was consulted in the clinic. While visiting a local clinic at the place of her residence, she was proposed to have a radical excision of the lesion, but her parents refused of it. Our additional examination revealed a subtotal lesion of the right masticatory muscle with invasion into the upper lip and in the area of nasolabial triangle. It was decided not to do an open surgery because of the volume and location of the lesion. The patient had the staged sclero-obliteration of angiomatous tissues.Results. After the treatment, the lesion was significantly reduced in size; there was a complete relief of pain syndrome; in addition, the patient’s face became more symmetrical. Conclusion. An individual approach when choosing the optimal tactics for the treatment of venous malformations allows to achieve the best functional and cosmetic outcomes.
Materials of thе X All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with the International Participation "Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology", February 16–19, 2022, Moscow
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: April 2022

.
The Factors That Influence the Incidence of Infection of Intestinal Worms in Children Under Five with the Problem of Nutritional Stunting in the South Timor Timor District (TTS)
Authors: Olin Wihelmus , Paun Rafael
Published: April 2022

The problem of nutritional stunting or child short is the condition of failure to thrive in infants (0-11 months) and young children (12–59 months) as a result of chronic malnutrition, especially in the first 1000 days of life so that the child is too short for her age. One of the factors that affect the nutritional problems in children toddlers is an infection of intestinal worms. The purpose of the research was to analyze the factors that condition the incidence of infection of intestinal worms in children toddlers with nutritional problems stunting.

This research method is quantitative research with Cross-Sectional Study. Observations between risk factors hygiene individual and environmental sanitation have an effect on the Infection of intestinal Worms in children under five with the Problem of Nutritional Stunting. This research was conducted in March – September 2021. Place of sampling in 8 Villages located in the working area of Puskesmas Nule District of Molo District North of the TTS, with a large sample of 230 children toddlers and sampling techniques random sampling simple. The independent variable is Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene of the individual and the dependent variable is the infection of intestinal worms in child centers this, is how data collection is done by interview, observation, and examination of toddler stool and analyzed in a Bivariate Chi-Square and Multivariate namely Logistic Regression.

The results showed the incidence of Infection of intestinal worms in children under five with the problem of nutritional stunting is influenced by factors Jamban type (Spicy). Floor (Land), a Means of Waste Disposal, habits of big water, habits of playing on earth, and habits of snacking simultaneously.
The conduct lists of military physicians Ion Arsenie and Bucur (Hilarius) Mitrea during the Mexican campaign (1864-1866)
Authors:   Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Hirsch Sandra , Popovici Vlad ,   Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: April 2022

"Abstract: The study aims at complementing the historical knowledge regarding the participation of Dr. Bucur (Hilarius) Mitrea and Dr. Ioan Arsenie within the Austrian volunteer corps in Mexico, using as sources the copies of their conduct lists preserved in the military archives of Vienna. The new data concern the battles they took part in, together with characterizations of their behavior and personality. The latter consolidate the image built by former biographers in the case of Dr. Mitrea and help to sketch a less known portrait in the case of Dr. Arsenie. Keywords: military physicians, 19th century, Transylvania, Mexico, Österreichisches Freiwilligenkorps in Mexiko"
Bladder injury – A team challenge
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania                                                                                                                                                                                     Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Cirstoiu Monica , Bodean Oana ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania, Munteanu Octavian ,   " Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania                                                                                                                                                         Department of Anatomy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania ", Brinzan Darius ,   Department of Urology, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, Cretu Bogdan ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania, Pariza George ,   Department of General Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Popescu Dan ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania, Cirstoiu Catalin ,   "Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania       Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania "
Published: April 2022

"Abstract: Bladder trauma is caused by a direct blow to the distended bladder, severe injury fracturing the pelvis, iatrogenic, or penetrating wounds. Early detection and diagnosis are key to successful management of cases, but omission or late reveal of bladder damage increase mortality and create long-term problems. A bladder injury may not always present with immediate obvious signs and symptoms, especially in a multi-trauma patient, who is also more difficult to investigate. Moreover, during the COVID-19 pandemic, delayed patients’ access to tertiary, multidisciplinary hospitals, increases the risk for delayed diagnosis and also increases the need for more specialists from different surgical and non-surgical areas to raise their awareness of less common manifestations of bladder trauma. We present a review of literature and cases of less common bladder damage from the perspective of a multi-disciplinary team in the University Emergency Hospital in Bucharest. Keywords: bladder injury, pelvic fracture, urinary fistula"
The ‘Scope of Entrusted Duties’ as a Problem of the Church’s Vicarious Liability for Damages Done by Sexual Crimes of the Priests
Authors: Wilk Anna
Published: April 2022

The ‘Scope of Entrusted Duties’ as a Problem of the Church’s Vicarious Liability for Damages Done by Sexual Crimes of the Priests. A Comparative Study

This article refers to the problem of the Roman Catholic Church’s liability for the damages caused by sexual abuse of children by priests. The author points to the base of liability – the respondeat superior principle and analyses the problem of the ‘scope of entrusted duties’. The major problem arises from the fact that sexual abuse can never be the subject of any legally effective contract or the activities entrusted by the superior, but it happens only ‘when the opportunity arises’ – during the performance of actual activities covered by scope of the contract, for example, caring for minors, their education, treatment or spiritual formation. However, the problem is wider because sexual crimes can also occur in non-Catholic churches and other religious institutions, as well as all those places and institutions whose employees enter into special trust relationships with minors or adult people with special needs (for sick or disabled). This article refers to the experiences from various countries and presents two methods of its possible interpretation of the concept of the ‘scope of entrusted duties’ – strict and liberal, as well as the ‘enhanced risk theory’. The author also proposes her own method of solving the problem.
Sustainability in Global Supply Chains Under the CISG
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo
Published: April 2022

Sustainability in Global Supply Chains Under the CISG

In this article, the authors assert that the United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) can contribute to tackling gaps in statutory legislation and defective business conduct that have been associated with unsustainable trade in Global Supply Chains (GSCs). The authors provide evidence that the CISG contains rules enabling a general legal framework for establishing uniform sustainable standards for goods concerning suppliers, sellers and buyers located in different countries. For instance, the CISG provisions on contract formation ease the incorporation of joint codes of conduct for sustainable trade in GSCs. In addition, the contracting parties’ circumstances and current trade usages are now more relevant to determine what constitutes conformity of the goods under the contract and the default warranties in Article 35 CISG. On the level of remedies, the authors show that best-efforts provisions, possibly included in a code of conduct or inferred from standards applicable to the goods, may redefine the notion of impediment in Article 79 CISG, which could lead to exoneration of liability for the seller. They also demonstrate why fundamental breach and the calculation of damages are at the centre of the discussion regarding the remedies for breach of an obligation to deliver sustainable goods.
Legal Tradition and Human Rights
Authors: Singh Dhanraj R.
Published: April 2022

Legal Tradition and Human Rights A Quantitative Comparative Analysis of Developing Countries

This analysis examines the relationship between legal tradition and constitutional human rights. It experiments with a quantitative comparative methodology to compare economic rights, social and family rights, and civil and political rights between countries with common law, civil law and mixed law legal traditions. The results show that developing countries with a civil law legal tradition provide more constitutional human rights than their counterparts with a common law legal tradition. Although preliminary and imperfect, the results challenge the notion of superiority of the common law legal tradition and human rights. The quantitative comparative framework used offers a new methodological frontier for comparative constitutional law researchers to examine relationships between legal traditions.
Standardization of pectoral species no. 2: current state and prospects
Authors: Chevidaev Vladimir V. , Bokov Dmitry O. , Samylina Irina A.
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, diseases of the respiratory system are a common problem for national and global healthcare. The drugs of synthetic and natural origin, intended for the prevention and treatment of these diseases, are available on the pharmaceutical market. The latter are mainly represented by herbal medicinal products, among which mixture herbal products occupy a special place. Pectoral species No. 2 is a multicomponent herbal medicinal products used for diseases of the upper respiratory tract, it includes coltsfoot leaves (40%), plantain leaves (30%), and licorice roots (30%). It is produced in the form of powder and is dispensed in packs and filter sachet. On the basis of information and analytical research, some approaches to the standardization of pectoral species No. 2 are developed in this study. Currently, the infusion is the main dosage form of pectoral species No. 2; water-soluble biologically active compounds are fully extracted by water and are responsible for the manifested pharmacological effects of pectoral species No. 2 (polysaccharides and triterpene compounds). The development of modern regulatory documentation for complex herbal preparations (mixture herbal products) should be carried out taking into account scientifically based data and harmonized requirements. Additional experimental studies are required to substantiate the indicators and standards of identity and good quality of pectoral species No. 2. Modern regulatory documentation for pharmaceutical substances of plant origin and mixture herbal products made of them (including pectoral species No. 2) should include sections that take into account the principle of raw material-to-drug standardization and methods that can be used in research laboratories with various material and technical support.
Provision of medical organizations with pharmaceutical products: approaches for the improvement
Authors: Paigin Fatih R. , Gladunova Elena P.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the development of organizational approaches to improve the system of supplying medical organizations with pharmacy products. It should be based on detailed analysis of external and internal environmental factors. The use of TEMPLES+IM analysis has been proposed to assess the influence of environmental factors. In order to establish the strong and pain points of the system of supplying medical organizations with pharmaceutical products, the use of SWOT analysis has been proposed, supplemented by the assessment of the accuracy of the expert assessment. The proposed approaches can form the basis for the development of organizational and economic models for improving the provision of health-care facilities.
Standardization of licorice roots: current issues
Authors: Belova Olga A. , Kurkin Vladimir A. , Ryazanova Tatyana K.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Medicinal plant raw material Licorice roots contains a whole complex of biologically active compounds (triterpene saponins, flavonoids, etc.) and is widely used in medicine as raw materials for the production of anti-inflammatory and expectorant medications. However, despite its widespread use and well-studied chemical composition, the problems in the field of standardization of licorice roots remain urgent. The current pharmacopoeial method for determining the quantitative content of glycyrrhizic acid is multi-stage, it consists in the extraction of nitric acid with the use of 3% acetone solution, the addition of the concentrated ammonia solution to form a precipitate (ammonium salt of glycyrrhizic acid), its filtration and dissolution in water, followed by spectrophotometric determination. There are other methods for determining the content of this biologically active compound. They involve high performance liquid chromatography. No results for quantification of glycyrrhizic acid by this method in isocratic elution mode were found in the available scientific literature.

AIM: The aim is to develop the method for determining the quantitative content of glycyrrhizic acid in licorice roots using high performance liquid chromatography in an isocratic elution mode.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The objects of the study were licorice roots harvested in 2018 in the Botanical Garden of Samara University, commercial samples of plant raw materials, state standard samples of monosubstituted ammonium salt of glycyrrhizic acid (glycyram, PM 42-0034-00) and the work glycyrrhizic acid standard. High performance liquid chromatography analysis was carried out by using a Milichrom-6 chromatograph.

RESULTS: As a result of the investigation, the method for determining the quantitative content of glycyrrhizic acid by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (258 nm) was developed. The mobile phase was acetonitrile: 1% acetic acid solution in water in the ratio of 40:60, the elution rate was 100 l/min. The optimal extraction conditions were selected: extractant was 40% ethyl alcohol, extraction for 60 minutes at the ratio of raw material-extractant was equal to 1:30. Validation analysis showed that the developed methods demonstrated satisfactory metrological indicators.

CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results can be used to update the pharmacopoeial monograph Licorice roots.
Tincture of Juglans nigra L. bark: peculiarities of standardization
Authors: Zimenkina Natalya I. , Kurkin Vladimir A.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Juglans nigra L. is a species of trees in the Juglandaceae family. This plant of the genus Juglans L. has not been sufficiently studied in comparison with other species, including Juglans regia L. It is a perspective medicinal plant raw material, its derivatives have an antimicrobial, general tonic effect. The known antimicrobial and general tonic activity of Juglans L preparations presented on the pharmaceutical market is probably due to substances of a flavonoid nature. These data indicate the relevance of studying the flavonoids of the Juglans nigra L. bark.

AIM: The aim of this study is to develop methods for qualitative analysis and quantitative determination of biologically active compounds for tincture of Juglans nigra L. bark with the using of spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography, microcolumn high performance liquid chromatography.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The object of the study was the tincture of Juglans nigra L. bark, samples of which were prepared in March-April 2020 on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Samara University, standard samples of myricitrin, myricetin. UV spectra were recorded with the use of Specord 40 spectrophotometer (Analytik Jena). Chromatographic analysis was carried out by thin-layer chromatography (qualitative analysis), reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography on a Milikhrom-6 microcolumn liquid chromatograph (quantitative analysis).

RESULTS: As a result of the chromatographic study, myricitrin were revealed, it appeared to be the dominant flavonoid substance. This compound has Rf value of about 0.4 in the solvent system of chloroform-ethanol-water (25:18:2). A method for the quantitative determination of the total flavonoids calculated on myricitrin in tincture of Juglans nigra L. bark was developed by means of differential spectrophotometry. It was determined that the content of the total flavonoids calculated on myricitrin in the tincture of Juglans nigra L. bark was 0.84 0.07%. A method for the quantitative determination of myricitrin in tincture of Juglans nigra L. bark by high performance liquid chromatography was developed. The content of the dominant flavonoid as myricitrin (myricetin-3-O--L-rhamnopyranoside) in the tincture of Juglans nigra L. bark was 0.42 0.06%.

CONCLUSIONS: The methods of qualitative analysis and quantitative determination of flavonoids for tincture of Juglans nigra L. bark with the use of modern instrumental methods of analysis (spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography) has been developed. These results can be used to standardize the tincture of Juglans nigra L. bark.