bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamical and hydrological changes in climate simulations of the last millennium
Authors: Roldán-Gómez Pedro José , González-Rouco Jesús Fidel , Melo-Aguilar Camilo , Smerdon Jason E.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Simulations of climate of the last millennium (LM) show that external forcing had a major contribution to the evolution of temperatures; warmer and colder periods like the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; ca. 950–1250 CE) and the Little Ice Age (LIA; ca. 1450–1850 CE) were critically influenced by changes in solar and volcanic activity. Even if this influence is mainly observed in terms of temperatures, evidence from simulations and reconstructions shows that other variables related to atmospheric dynamics and hydroclimate were also influenced by external forcing over some regions. In this work, simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP5/PMIP3) are analyzed to explore the influence of external forcings on the dynamical and hydrological changes during the LM at different spatial and temporal scales. Principal component (PC) analysis is used to obtain the modes of variability governing the global evolution of climate and to assess their correlation with the total external forcing at multidecadal to multicentennial timescales. For shorter timescales, a composite analysis is used to address the response to specific events of external forcing like volcanic eruptions. The results show coordinated long-term changes in global circulation patterns, which suggest expansions and contractions of the Hadley cells and latitudinal displacements of westerlies in response to external forcing. For hydroclimate, spatial patterns of drier and wetter conditions in areas influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Northern Annular Mode (NAM), and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and alterations in the intensity and distribution of monsoons and convergence zones are consistently found. Similarly, a clear short-term response is found in the years following volcanic eruptions. Although external forcing has a greater influence on temperatures, the results suggest that dynamical and hydrological variations over the LM exhibit a direct response to external forcing at both long and short timescales that is highly dependent on the particular simulation and model.
Hyperspectral longwave infrared reflectance spectra of dry
anthropogenic plastics and natural materials
Authors: Garaba Shungudzemwoyo P. , Acuña-Ruz Tomás , Mattar Cristian B.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Remote sensing of litter is foreseen to be an important source of additional information relevant to scientific awareness about plastic pollution. Here, we document directional hemispherical reflectance measurements of anthropogenic and natural materials gathered along the shorelines of Chiloé Archipelago, Chile. These spectral observations were completed in a laboratory using a state-of-the-art hyperspectral HyLogger-3™ spectrometer in the thermal infrared (TIR) region; medium wave infrared (6000 nm) to long wave infrared (14 500 nm) spectrum at 25 nm intervals. The samples we investigated included sands, shells, algae, nautical ropes, Styrofoam®, gunny sacks and several fragments of plastic based items. The visible colours of these samples included shades of black, blue, brown, green, orange, white and yellow. We grouped the samples using robust statistical approaches (derivatives, peak seeking technique) and visual analyses of the derived hyperspectral reflectances. In each group we derived the average or TIR end-member signal as well as deduced diagnostic wavebands. Most of the diagnostic wavebands picked were found to be inside the atmospheric window of the TIR spectrum region. Furthermore, this laboratory reference dataset and findings might become useful in related field observations using similar thermal infrared technologies, especially in identifying anomalies resulting from environmental and meteorological perturbations. Validation and verification of proposed diagnostic wavebands would be part of a continuing effort to advance TIR remote sensing knowledge as well as assist robust detection algorithm development to potentially distinguish plastics in litter throughout the natural environments. Data is available in open-access via the online repository PANGAEA database of the World Data Centre for Marine Environmental Sciences https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.919536 (Acuña-Ruz and Mattar B., 2020).
Day- and night-time aerosol optical depth implementation in
CÆLIS
Authors: González Ramiro , Toledano Carlos , Román Roberto , Fuertes David , Berjón Alberto , Mateos David , Guirado-Fuentes Carmen , Velasco-Merino Cristian , Antuña-Sanchez Juan Carlos , Calle Abel , Cachorro Victoria E. , de Frutos Ángel M.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The University of Valladolid (UVa, Spain) manages since 2006 a calibration center of the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET). The CÆLIS software tool, developed by UVa, was created to manage the data generated by the AERONET photometers, for calibration, quality control and data processing purposes. This paper exploits the potential of this tool in order to obtain products like the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (AE), which are of high interest for atmospheric and climate studies, as well as to enhance the quality control of the instruments and data managed by CÆLIS. The AOD and cloud screening algorithms implemented in CÆLIS, both based on AERONET version 3, are described in detail. The obtained products are compared with the AERONET database. In general, the differences in daytime AOD between CÆLIS and AERONET are far below the expected uncertainty of the instrument, ranging the mean differences between −1.3×10−4 at 870 nm and 6.2×10−4 at 380 nm. The standard deviations of the differences range from 2.8×10−4 at 675 nm to 8.1×10−4 at 340 nm. The AOD and AE at night-time calculated by CÆLIS from Moon observations are also presented, showing good continuity between day and night-time for different locations, aerosol loads and moon phase angles. Regarding cloud screening, around 99.9 % of the observations classified as cloud-free by CÆLIS are also assumed cloud-free by AERONET; this percentage is similar for the cases considered as cloud-contaminated by both databases. The obtained results point out the capability of CÆLIS as processing system. The AOD algorithm provides the opportunity to use this tool with other instrument types and to retrieve other aerosol products in the future.
Investigating unproductive water losses from irrigated agricultural crops in the humid tropics through analyses of stable isotopes of water
Authors: Mahindawansha Amani , Külls Christoph , Kraft Philipp , Breuer Lutz
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Reliable information on water flow dynamics and water losses via
irrigation on irrigated agricultural fields is important to improve water
management strategies. We investigated the effect of season (wet season and dry
season), irrigation management (flooded and non-flooded), and crop
diversification (wet rice, dry rice, and maize) on soil water flow dynamics
and water losses via evaporation during plant growth. Soil water was
extracted and analysed for the stable isotopes of water (δ2H
and δ18O). The fraction of evaporation losses were determined
using the Craig–Gordon equation. For dry rice and maize, water in shallow
soil layers (0 to 0.2 m) was more isotopically enriched than in deeper soil
layers (below 0.2 m). This effect was less pronounced for wet rice but
still evident for the average values at both soil depths and seasons. Soil
water losses due to evaporation decreased from 40 % at the beginning to
25 % towards the end of the dry season. The soil in maize fields showed
stronger evaporation enrichment than in rice during that time. A greater
water loss was encountered during the wet season, with 80 % at the
beginning of the season and 60 % at its end. The isotopic enrichment of
ponding surface water due to evaporation was reflected in the shallow soils of
wet rice. It decreased towards the end of both growing seasons during the
wet and the dry season. We finally discuss the most relevant soil water flow
mechanisms, which we identified in our study to be those of matrix flow,
preferential flow through desiccation cracks, and evaporation. Isotope data
supported the fact that unproductive water losses via evaporation can be
reduced by introducing dry seasonal crops to the crop rotation system.
Repeated ice streaming on the northwest Greenland continental shelf since the onset of the Middle Pleistocene Transition
Authors: Newton Andrew M. W. , Huuse Mads , Knutz Paul C. , Cox David R.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Ice streams provide a fundamental control on ice sheet
discharge and depositional patterns along glaciated margins. This paper
investigates ancient ice streams by presenting the first 3D seismic
geomorphological analysis of a major glacigenic succession offshore
Greenland. In Melville Bugt, northwest Greenland, six sets of landforms
(five buried and one on the seafloor) have been interpreted as mega-scale
glacial lineations (MSGLs) that provide evidence for extensive ice streams on
outer palaeo-shelves. A gradual change in mean MSGL orientation and
associated depocentres through time suggests that the palaeo-ice flow and
sediment transport pathways migrated in response to the evolving submarine
topography through each glacial–interglacial cycle. The stratigraphy and
available chronology show that the MSGLs are confined to separate
stratigraphic units and were most likely formed after the onset of the Middle Pleistocene Transition at
∼1.3 Ma. The MSGL record in Melville Bugt suggests that since
∼1.3 Ma, ice streams have regularly advanced across the
continental shelf during glacial stages. High-resolution buried 3D landform
records such as these have not been previously observed anywhere on the
Greenland continental shelf margin and provide a crucial benchmark for
testing how accurately numerical models are able to recreate past
configurations of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Une lecture de la figurabilité psychanalytique chez Paul Ricœur
Authors: Sanfelice Vinicius Oliveira
Published: July 2020

Dans cet article, nous analyserons la conception de la fonction de la “figurabilité” en psychanalyse développée par Paul Ricœur, à travers sa lecture de la “découverte psychanalytique” selon laquelle le langage lui-même travaille au niveau figuratif. L’intérêt de cette lecture, c’est qu’elle fournit une autre notion d'image pour son herméneutique dans la mesure où Ricœur remet ici en cause la soumission de l’image par rapport au langage sur laquelle il avait principalement insisté dans La Métaphore vive. À partir de cette lecture, nous défendons la thèse selon laquelle la prise en compte du lien entre le “travail de l'image,” dans sa lecture de la psychanalyse, et le “travail” de la métaphore, dans sa théorie de la métaphore, conduit à un élargissement de sa conception de la métaphore dans la mesure où ce lien révèle un niveau de visualisation dans lequel la maîtrise du langage sur l’image n’opère pas encore.
Note concernant la littérature secondaire sur la question du langage chez Ricœur
Authors: Lacour Philippe
Published: July 2020

Note introductive au numéro thématique de ERRS 2020 11 1
Entre philosophie et linguistique: Autour de “Philosophie et langage” de Paul Ricœur
Authors: Barros de Oliveira Rafael
Published: July 2020

Quelle est la tâche – plutôt que la contribution – de la philosophie à l’égard du langage? Dans cet article, il s’agit de revisiter la réponse de Paul Ricœur à cette question, à partir de son texte “Philosophie et langage.” Ricœur assigne à la philosophie la tâche de se réapproprier la triple médiation langagière: “chemin” du langage vers monde, “chemin” du langage vers le sujet et “chemin” du langage vers la communauté humaine. Partant de l’expérience concrète des sujets parlants, Ricœur s’oppose à la clôture systémique présupposée par la conception structuraliste du langage, qui suspend la fonction de la référence dans la relation de signification. À partir d’une conception élargie de la référence – qui inclut la fonction poétique du langage –, le philosophe dégage de la notion de “monde du texte” la dimension ontologique constitutive du langage: dans sa fonction poétique, en effet, le langage révèle, selon lui, les possibilités multiples de notre mode d’existence. Nous montrons enfin que c’est à travers la notion d’attestation que Ricœur établit une connexion entre la réouverture de la triple médiation du langage et l’élaboration de cette nouvelle ontologie.
Introduction
Authors: Lacour Philippe
Published: July 2020

Introduction (version française) du numéro ERRS 2020 11 1, “Paul Ricœur: Penser au risque du langage / Paul Ricœur: The Challenges of The Language”
La ‘Carreira da Índia’ según Joane Mendes de Vasconcelos
Authors: Gil Fernández Luis
Published: July 2020

Los fallos de ingeniería naval y de organización en el viaje y tornaviaje de Lisboa a Goa señalados por Vasconcelos en 1616 se comprueban con los relatos de ambas travesías realizados por don García de Silva y Figueroa en 1614, fray Redento da Cruz en 1617, y el del ataque en 1616 por una flotilla inglesa a la nao São Julião comandada por Manuel de Meneses. El informe enviado a Felipe IV por Fernando de Toledo en 1626 demuestra que dichos fallos seguían sin  corregirse.
TRANSNATIONAL AND POST HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN-MACHINE COMMUNICATION
Authors: Foster Jamie , Sawyer Kristina , O'Connell Carrie , Van De Wiele Chad , Garcia Melina
Published: July 2020

The proliferation of artificially intelligent robots and virtual agents raise practical, technological, and ethical considerations in the emerging area of human-machine communication (HMC) research. The topics in this panel span agriculture and environmentalism, gender and sexuality, collective identity and culture, memory and data migration, and relational development with social robots. The panel discusses ways in which technology serves as solutions to and causes of new transnational challenges for networked publics, as well as ways technology is supplanting what has historically been referred to as the “natural.” The goal of this panel is to demonstrate the diverse applications of robotics, as well as foster an open-mindset for reconceptualizing humanity in a post-human world. Specific panel presentations discuss: - Honeybee colony collapse in agriculture and artificial pollinators known as Robobees. - Industry recommendations for the development of ethical and successful caretaking robots for aging populations based on interpersonal communication scholarship. - Asymmetrical relationships and ethical implications of elevating sexbots to human status from the theoretical perspective of Rousseau’s natural self. - Digital interlocutors as scripted-selves that co-produce and standardize cultural norms. - Transference of human memory to cloud-based memory through voice commands as the foundation for algorithmic future-thinking. These research topics identify the importance and relevance of scholarship in the area of HMC and advocate for their inclusion in the conceptualization, prototyping, and creation of robotic and AI technologies. This panel offers an opportunity to engage in a necessary, provocative, and timely discussion about HMC and the role of critical scholarship in shaping technologies of the future.
POLITICS, ACTIVISM AND TROLLING ON THE RUSSIAN INTERNET
Authors: Miazhevich Galina , Wijermars Mariëlle , Gapova Elena , Zvereva Vera
Published: July 2020

In the years that have passed since the social media powered protest movement of 2011-2012, the Russian government has dramatically expanded its restrictions on the Internet, while simultaneously consolidating its grip on traditional media. The Internet, which long provided a space for alternative media and free speech to blossom, is becoming increasingly restricted by a growing corpus of legislation and expanding state surveillance. With legally ill-defined prohibitions on, e.g., offending the feelings of religious believers, propagating 'non-traditional family values' and disseminating 'extremism' in place, online freedom of speech in Russia is at threat. Meanwhile, the Russian state continues to refine its skills in covertly manipulating online discourses, as it has quite successfully practiced it since the 2000s. Yet, because of its transnational configuration, the Internet continues to evade comprehensive state control and offers ever new opportunities for disseminating and consuming dissenting opinions. Developments over the past year, including the series of anti-corruption mass protests organised by opposition leader Aleksei Navalny's Anti-Corruption Foundation, have demonstrated how online challenges to the status-quo are still able to gather momentum and create 'real world' political turbulence. The panel presents a multifaceted investigation of how the Russian-language segment of the Internet, often dubbed Runet, is shaped by and gives shape to online politics and activism. How should we understand the particular complexities of these contestations between an increasingly authoritarian state and its citizens? How are these processes facilitated or hampered by the infrastructural conditions created by national and global media industries and internet companies?
PUBLIC SPEECH: LISTENING TO WOMEN IN THE VIDEOGAME INDUSTRY
Authors: De Castell Suzanne , Skardzius Karen
Published: July 2020

Since the 1990s, conversations about the dearth of women working in the video game industry have centered on three topics: 1) ways to draw more women into the field, 2) the experiences of women working in the industry, and 3) the experiences of those who once worked in the industry but left (Cassell & Jenkins, 1998; Hepler, 2017; Kafai, Heeter, Denner & Sun, 2008). While there has been considerable research on the conditions and occupational identities of video game developers, less scholarly attention has been devoted to women in games work, the barriers/obstacles and challenges/opportunities they face, or how they talk about their experiences. Our study looked to see who among the group of women who work in the games industry has already invested her time and energy to tell a public story, whether that is in a blog posting, a book chapter, a televised talk, a radio interview, or other public media, thereby building the foundations of the study by focusing on that sub-group. This paper offers a feminist methodological approach that demonstrates how discourse focused on affect can be re-read as intimately related to silences about power, and how the rhetorical constraints that public speech imposes upon what can be said about “women in games” aids us in understanding what might remain unspoken, and why.
WHEN THE TEACHER BECOMES THE STUDENT: YOUTH IMPACT ON PARENT TECHNOLOGY USE
Authors: Dworkin Jodi , Brar Pooja , Hessel Heather
Published: July 2020

We are only beginning to understand the ways in which young people are introducing technologies into the family system and the ways that is impacting family relationships. What seems clear is that the face-to-face relationship does not translate directly to the online context, and online communication is not completely replacing in-person family relationships. Despite the lack of existing research, it is reasonable to expect that family relationships impact how youth and parents use online media. Building on socialization theory, in the current study we considered the ways in which youth technology use impacts parent technology use in parent-child dyads from India and the U.S. (98 dyads; youth: 37% female; mean age=17.3; parents: 54.6% female; mean age=41.5). When considering frequency of six types of technology use in a series of linear regression analyses: 1) general use to look for information, news, and use online tools, 2) audio or video calls, 3) texting, instant messaging, discussion boards, or email, 4) sending or receiving audio or video, and photos, 5) create or maintain blogs, microblogs, or websites, and 6) social networking sites, child technology use accounted for 8.4% to 27.0% of the variance in parent use. Despite the small sample size, it is clear that child technology use is strongly associated with parent use, even when considering diverse ways of using technology. Future research should use longitudinal data to explore how children impact parents’ technology use over time – how that influence changes with age, sociohistorical time and place, and life transitions.
CITIZEN OR CONSUMER? THE RIGHT TO DATA ACCESS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND AUSTRALIA
Authors: Meese James Michael
Published: July 2020

This paper presents early stage findings from a research project that explores whether the provision of data access addresses concerns that have emerged with regards to data collection by private and public actors. Using the recent right to data access secured by the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as a point of departure, I examine Facebook and Twitter’s response to these regulations through the lens of their data access policies and processes. I analyse what sort of data is made available and assess what benefit the public gains from having access to their social media data. I then offer a conceptual intervention through a comparative analysis of the divergent approaches two jurisdictions take to data access. I compare the GDPR with an ongoing debate around the introduction of a consumer data access right into Australian law and analyse how these divergent legal traditions and public discourses alter the conceptualisation and enacting of the data access right (and digital rights more generally). This paper provides a timely examination of a right that has emerged in response to the increased datafication of society. As well as offering a detailed analysis of how social media platforms have responded to the data access provisions within the GDPR, the comparative analysis of the EU and Australia shows that significantly different legal foundations can animate this right, ultimately presenting two starkly different visions of internet users as either consumers or citizens.
MO’ CHARACTERS MO’ PROBLEMS: ONLINE SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM CONSTRAINTS AND MODES OF COMMUNICATION
Authors: Mitchell Lewis , Dent Joshua , Ross Joshua
Published: July 2020

It is widely accepted that different online social media platforms produce different modes of communication, however the ways in which these modalities are shaped by the constraints of a particular platform remain difficult to quantify. On 7 November 2017 Twitter doubled the character limit for users to 280 characters, presenting a unique opportunity to study the response of this population to an exogenous change to the communication medium. Here we analyse a large dataset comprising 387 million English-language tweets (10% of all public tweets) collected over the September 2017--January 2018 period to quantify and explain large-scale changes in individual behaviour and communication patterns precipitated by the character-length change. Using statistical and natural language processing techniques we find that linguistic complexity increased after the change, with individuals writing at a significantly higher reading level. However, we find that some textual properties such as statistical language distribution remain invariant across the change, and are no different to writings in different online media. By fitting a generative mathematical model to the data we find a surprisingly slow response of the Twitter population to this exogenous change, with a substantial number of users taking a number of weeks to adjust to the new medium. In the talk we describe the model and Bayesian parameter estimation techniques used to make these inferences. Furthermore, we argue for mathematical models as an alternative exploratory methodology for "Big" social media datasets, empowering the researcher to make inferences about the human behavioural processes which underlie large-scale patterns and trends.
A HAUNTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL MEMORIALIZATION OF THE DEAD
Authors: O'Connell Carrie
Published: July 2020

Facebook now allows pages of the deceased to remain active, controlled by immediate family members of a deceased person, as a sort of memorialization or “electronic wake,” (Stokes, 2011). The overall goal of the author is to examine the evolution of the materiality of memorialization and investigate how our human connection with death has changed as our media tools have become untethered from tangible artefact. To explore the links between media, human relationships, and the spectral plane, and how those links might be revelatory in an age of digital media, a hauntological examination of these questions will be endeavored. The basic premise of hauntology, a clever merge of haunting and ontology derived by Jacques Derrida (1993), is that an idea, once tangibly realized and made real in the cultural zeitgeist, is never truly extinguished. Derrida’s hauntology derives from the ontological quest to articulate the nature of being, yet with the added perspective that everything that exists might not have ever lived, and nothing which is past ever really quite dies. This is no more so true than in our heavily mediated age in which written documents, photographs, film, and the Internet are able to capture, record, store—and, as will be discussed—even replicate beingness in physical form. In an age where simulacra parade as true being, and cultural memory of events as accepted historical provenance, perhaps a new perspective on the relationship between being and death is timely.
WHO PUT THE ‘SOCIAL’ IN MOBILE AND SOCIAL PAYMENT PLATFORMS? RE-READING SIMMEL AND COLLEAGUES IN LIGHT OF THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION
Authors: Riedl Martin Johannes
Published: July 2020

This research considers the Cambrian explosion (Nelms, Maurer, Swartz, & Mainwaring, 2017) of mobile and social payment technologies from a perspective that integrates classical theorizing on money and payments (Mauss, 2002; Simmel, 2005) and more recent work (Bandelj, Wherry, & Zelizer, 2017; Dodd, 2014; Maurer, 2015; Zelizer, 2017), as well as research coming out of the $2 and $2 at the $2 at Amsterdam. The paper negotiates mobile and social payment apps and the social realities that they stand upon and applies theoretical viewpoints from these key authors to the emerging technologies, based on a contemporary investigation of what 'social' entails in social payment spaces. The empirical core of this work-in-progress employs the walkthrough method (Light et al., 2016), and compares select mobile and social payment platforms. Furthermore, researchers content-analyze app store screenshots, as well as app descriptions and user comments. Preliminary analysis maps these apps on a continuum of sociality/publicness, with Venmo and its social feed on the liberal side of the spectrum, apps that integrate into messenger services in the middle (e.g. Apple Pay Cash, Square Cash, Google Pay), and apps borne out of banking (Zelle) on the conservative side. Criteria for analysis follow conceptual categories from the literature, such as visibility, objectivity, freedom from everything personal, gifting, earmarking capacities, and other features.
THE EFFECTS OF INFORMATION PRODUCTION PROCESS ON EXPERIENCE AND EVALUATION
Authors: Rusho Yonit , Raban Daphne R.
Published: July 2020

Research to date on the value of information has mostly focused on the consumption side of information, namely, that consumers need to experience information in order to evaluate it. When it comes to digital media, users have multiple roles. In this context, materiality is applied to assess the role that technological components play in the interaction between user and digital media. The concurrent consumption and production of information raises questions as to the influence of information production on information value perception. To this end, we conceptualize the information production process. The fundamental assumption in this research is that value perception changes as a result of production experience. Furthermore, this study examines the boundaries of value perception for producers of information. 309 participants took part in a set of experiments. Willingness-to-pay by consumers and willingness-to-accept payment by producers were measured before and after consumption/ production/ peer-production. Results show that consumers’ and producers’ subjective value before their experience were equivalent; Change in value perception before and after consumption/production produced a statistically significant effect; Producers who evaluate the information after the experience, evaluated it higher than producers who evaluated the information before the experience; and value perception measured before the production by a single producer is lower than value perception by peer-producers. Hypotheses were accepted. If accepted, additional results will be presented at the conference.
DOING YOUR HOMEWORK: THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AS A FRIENDSHIP FILTER
Authors: Standlee Alecea Irene
Published: July 2020

This article explores the emergence of technologically integrated relationship practices among college students in two U.S. universities. This work is situated within the significant body of social research and popular cultural discourse surrounding the consequences of technology and cultural integration among young adults. Analyzing interviews with 52 participants, I explore how they construct, establish and maintain cultural practices and social norms that shape peer interaction, social networks and interpersonal relationships in offline and online settings. This paper focuses specifically on the emergence of techno-social cultural norms that impact friendship and social network construction. Findings suggest the establishment and maintenance of friendships using social networks frequently includes the use of social media profiles as means to collect social and political attitude data on potential friends. Some participants report the use of such data as essential to the decision-making process utilized while establishing and maintaining offline friendships. Motivations for this practice include safety and security, social normativity and a desire for efficiency. Furthermore, participants articulate a social and politically homogeneous friendship network as a desirable outcome to data collection. These findings contribute to our ongoing understanding of the role of informational echo chambers within a technologically integrated social environment.
PURSUANCE AND THE PRACTICE OF DE-INSTITUTIONALIZED DEMOCRACY
Authors: Tynes Robert , Peters Claire
Published: July 2020

The internet offers the possibility of forming de-institutionalized, organizational structures that engage in the democratic process in ways that go far beyond volunteering, protesting, or voting. The digital space enables people to collaborate and communicate with one another more effectively, even if they have never met in real life (Shirky 2009). Formations such as Telecomix and Project PM show that this capability can be harnessed in the service of meaningful collective political and social actions. Journalist and activist Barrett Brown's latest venture, $2 , hopes to further that potential. Pursuance looks to empower political actors via "process democracy" (Brown 2018), offering participants a platform in which they can organize, build, and act on social justice endeavors. Pursuance is important because it provides a means for individuals to rapidly and effectively assemble, disassemble, and reassemble into mission-driven teams. This lessens the need for stable institutions to direct civic or political activism, thus reducing the problems that often follow, e.g. the Iron Law of Oligarchy (Michels 2015). We explore the potential of Brown's endeavor, asking: How can Pursuance most effectively further the practice of deinstitutionalized democracy? What can be learned from past groups that have engaged in the kind of activity Pursuance aims to facilitate?
CYBERHATE ANONYMITY AND THE RISK OF BEING EXPOSED
Authors: Von Essen Emma , Jansson Joakim
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we predict hateful content as well as quantify the causal link between anonymity and hateful content in political discussions online. First, we make use of a supervised machine-learning model to find a prediction model of cyberhate in political discussions on a dominating Swedish Internet forum, Flashback. Second, we investigate how changes in anonymity affect the writing of hateful content. We scrape text from the political discussions on Flashback and let a research assistant manually classify each post from a random subset of the threads by whether it contained, e.g. hateful writings, aggressive writings as well as towards whom the hate is directed. We use the classified data to find a prediction model in the full set of threads. We then use the predictions of hate to estimate the effect of changes in anonymity on cyberhate. An event suddenly changed the anonymity at the discussion forum. The event affected only a certain type of user, creating a quasi-experiment, with early-registered users as a treatment group and late-registered users as a control group. We find a prediction model of hateful content. Using these predictions in the quasi-experimental estimation, we find that early users of the forum decreased their share of hateful content more than later registered users did after the event when there was a threat of less anonymity. We also show that this behavioural change is a combination of individuals’ changing how they express themselves and that they reduce their writing or stop entirely.
LOOK WHO’S TALKING: USING HUMAN CODING TO ESTABLISH A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH TO TWITTER EDUCATION CHATS
Authors: Staudt Willet K. Bret , Willet Brooks D.
Published: July 2020

Twitter has become a hub for many different types of educational conversations, denoted by hashtags and organized by a variety of affinities. Researchers have described these educational conversations on Twitter as sites for teacher professional development. Here, we studied #Edchat—one of the oldest and busiest Twitter educational hashtags—to examine the content of contributions for evidence of professional purposes. We collected tweets containing the text “#edchat” from October 1, 2017 to June 5, 2018, resulting in a dataset of 1,228,506 unique tweets from 196,263 different contributors. Through initial human-coded content analysis, we sorted a stratified random sample of 1,000 tweets into four inductive categories: tweets demonstrating evidence of different professional purposes related to (a) self, (b) others, (c) mutual engagement, and (d) everything else. We found 65% of the tweets in our #Edchat sample demonstrated purposes related to others, 25% demonstrated purposes related to self, and 4% of tweets demonstrated purposes related to mutual engagement. Our initial method was too time intensive—it would be untenable to collect tweets from 339 known Twitter education hashtags and conduct human-coded content analysis of each. Therefore, we are developing a scalable machine-learning model—a multiclass logistic regression classifier using an input matrix of features such as tweet types, keywords, sentiment, word count, hashtags, hyperlinks, and tweet metadata. The anticipated product of this research—a successful, generalizable machine learning model—would help educators and researchers quickly evaluate Twitter educational hashtags to determine where they might want to engage.
PRIVACY BOUNDARIES AND INFORMATION FLOW SOLIPSISM IN THE PERSONAL FITNESS INFORMATION ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Zimmer Michael , Chamberlain Kritikos Katie , Vitak Jessica , Kumar Priya , Liao Yuting
Published: July 2020

Fitness trackers are an increasingly popular tool for tracking health and physical activity. Their benefits hinge on ubiquitous data collection and the algorithmic processing of personal fitness information (PFI). While PFI can reveal novel insights about users’ physical activity, health, and personal habits, it also contains potentially sensitive information that third parties may access in contexts unanticipated by fitness tracker users. This paper argues while many users attempt to manage their PFI with privacy boundaries, they can also succumb to “information flow solipsism,” or being broadly unaware of how fitness tracker companies might collect and aggregate their PFI. Our mixed-methods approach involved a survey and semi-structured interviews. Most survey respondents had limited knowledge of companies’ data tracking and retention policies. Additionally, most interviewees expressed only minimal privacy concerns regarding PFI. While others recognized PFI may need boundaries to manage information flows, they did not find the information sensitive enough to require personal responsibility for the definition of such boundaries. Viewing these results through Communication Privacy Management theory, users’ conceptualizations of ownership, privacy rules, and turbulence regarding their PFI influence how they manage privacy boundaries. Inherent trust of fitness tracker companies also led users to assume privacy rules properly limit the flow of PFI. This combination suggests fitness tracker users are potentially in a state of information flow solipsism, a position of ignorance of how PFI flows across devices and platforms that creates unanticipated privacy risks.
MULTICENTER STUDY OF CANDIDA SPECIES IN ORAL MUCOSA OF DIFFERENT PATIENTS: ANALYSIS OF 711 STRAINS AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Luiz Oliveira dos Santos Rennan , Da Silva Ruiz Luciana , Ereno Auler Marcos , Kleber Chavasco Jorge , Moreira Débora , Teixeira Barbieri Ramos Regina , Rossini Lara Bruna , Rodrigues Paula Claudete
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to identify Candida spp. collected from oral mucosa and maintained in culture collections, correlating the findings with the medical history of patients and comparing with data from the literature over the past five years. Seven hundred and eleven oral Candida spp. isolates, collected between 2013 and 2017,  were selected and identified using traditional and molecular methods. In addition, a literature review was performed with the key words: “Oral”, “Candida” and “Yeast”. Seven species of the genus Candida: were identified C. albicans (73.3%); C. tropicalis (9.3%); C. parapsilosis (8.2%); C. glabrata (3.9%); C. guilliermondii(2.8%); C. krusei (1.7%) and C. lusitaniae (0.3%). The strains identified as C. albicans were submitted to molecular methods using specific primers and of these, 5.8% were identified as C. dubliniensis strains. The greatest diversity of strains was found in patients presenting no systemic diseases or HIV +, while the highest percentage of strains of Candida non-albicans were observed in cancer patients. This study reports a representative distribution of Candida species among individuals exhibiting distinct clinical conditions, in order to contribute to the design of future research on details of aspects involved in the infections caused by thesemicroorganisms. The correct identification of oral Candida strains contributes to a realistic epidemiological approach and future clinical protocols against these pathogens.KEY WORDS: Candida; oral candidiasis; dentistry; yeasts; HIV; co-infection
The Impact of Customer Feedback on Organizational Health when Employee Empowerment works as a moderator: Evidence from Pakistani Fast Food Industry
Authors: Naveed Hafiz Muhammad , Hongxing Yao , Akhtar Muhammad , Anwer Muhammad Usman , Alemzero David
Published: July 2020

Organizational health is a modern and wide-ranging phenomenon that essential to endure long term achievements of an organization. The main objective of the current research study, to examine the effects of customer feedback on organizational health when employee empowerment works as a moderator. For this significant purpose, data was collected by respondents via using five Point Likert-scale techniques. The current research study has taken 750 total sample size from population to do expose hide phenomenon. We have used Factor Wise Reliability approach to test questions reliability; Descriptive Statistics verified whether data normalized or not; Pearson correlation to check the variables association-ship; Multiple linear regression technique to quantify per-point and overall fraction between dependent and independent variables; and finally linear regression moderation equation also conclude in methodological part for examines the moderation effect. The result indicates that Customer Feedback and organizational health both have been positively associated with each other. Besides, employees empowerment makes more strengthen the relationship of customer feedback and organizational health. In the light of outcome of current study, the manager should be aware about employees empowerment and customer feedback that are an order to sustain old customers and attract new customers for the Fast Food Industry. This research study has released new and different path for empirical investigation among organizational health, customer feedback and employees empowerment.
The Effectiveness of Simultaneous Prompting in the Teaching of Towel Folding Skills for Students with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Atbaşı Zehra , Pürsün Tuğba
Published: July 2020

The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of teaching with the simultaneous prompting in teaching students with intellectual disabilities attending the vocational education center and their ability to fold towels. Multiple baseline models with inter-subject probe stage, which is one of the single-subject research methods, has been used. The subjects of the research are three students, one female and two males, between the ages of 16-18. The dependent variable of the study was determined as the ability to fold the towel and the independent variable as the teaching with the simultaneous prompting using the physical prompt as a model + verbal prompt and error correction. In the study, inter-observer reliability and procedural reliability data were collected. Graphical analysis was used to determine the effectiveness of teaching with the simultaneous prompting. According to the findings obtained from the research, simultaneous prompting teaching is effective in teaching students with intellectual disabilities the ability to fold towels. It has been observed that the skill of folding towels into shapes continues to last two, three, and four weeks after the end of the education and that the subjects can generalize the skill in different types of towels.
Influence of indigenous mixotrophic bacteria on pyrite surface chemistry: Implications for bioflotation
Authors: Sanwani Edy , Lamandhi Nuslia Bayangkara , Husni Halimatul , Chaerun Siti Khodijah , Astuti Widi , Mufakhir Fika Rofiek
Published: July 2020

Given the low-cost and eco-friendly method, biotechnology has been widely utilized in industries as an alternative for physical and chemical processes, including in the biomining process (e.g., bioflotation and biobeneficiation). However, the use of biochemical reagent, which is selective for certain minerals, has not been well studied. This research was aimed to investigate the potential use of biosurfactant-producing mixotrophic bacteria as an alternative to chemical reagents during bioflotation and biobeneficiation process. Thirteen bacterial strains were investigated for their ability to produce biosurfactants and their effects on the surface properties of pyrite minerals. Bacteria-pyrite interaction experimental results showed that pyrite surface properties became more hydrophilic in the experimental systems inoculated with bacteria adapted with pyrite for 48 h than that without bacterial adaptation to pyrite, which was evidenced by the decrease in the contact angle of pyrite minerals by up to 50%. This evidence was also confirmed by the highest emulsifying index value (51.6%) attained during the bacteria-pyrite interaction. Hence, these bacteria can potentially be applied to selective flotation as pyrite depressants.
The utilization of auto-inducible Plyb promoter and media optimation for cell density-dependent expression of recombinant xylanase in Bacillus subtilis DB104
Authors: Haniyya Haniyya , Achnafani Dini , Ulfah Maria , Nurhayati Niknik , Helianti Is
Published: July 2020

Strong promoters are one of the fundamental aspects to increase the level of gene expression, and one of approach to improve the recombinant enzyme productivity so that the efficiency of production cost for enzyme production in industrial scale can be reached. Here we assessed the application of a cell density-dependent promoter and media optimation to promote cell growth and protein expression of Bacillus subtilis without excess usage of inducers. An auto-inducible Pylb promoter that is potential to provide inducer-free enzyme production was cloned and introduced into xylanase recombinant system in B. subtilis DB104 by PCR cloning and protoplast transformation. A 200 bp target gene was successfully inserted in between xynCM1 ORF -coding for B. halodurans CM1 xylanase- and its native promoter sequence at the upstream region. The disruption of the native promoter was intended to replace the native promoter with Pylb. Recombinant xylanase gene under Pylb was successfully expressed in B. subtilis DB104 and the enzyme was produced at stationary phase. Different media with various concentrations of glucose and nitrogen were used to optimize recombinant xylanase expression. It achieved a higher level of xylanase expression compared to wild-type and recombinant xylanase with native promoter B. subtilis in media containing a 2-fold recipe of LB media thus leads to increase cell density and xylanase expression (81.461 U mL-1).
The Relationship Between Time Management and Work Stress Among Members of Educational Planning in the General Directorates of Education in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Omairi Mundhar Hamdan Al , Alkiyumi Mohammed Talib
Published: July 2020

The study aimed to examine the relationship between time management and work stress among the educational planning members in the General Directorate of Education in the Sultanate of Oman. It also aimed to identify whether there are statistically significant differences in time management and job stress among the participants with regard to the years of experience. The study sample consisted of 39 educational planning members. They completed the Time Management Behaviors Scale and Workplace Stressors Assessment Questionnaire. One of the main findings of this study was that the level of time management among the subjects was high, while the level of job stress was low. Results also showed a moderate and negative correlation between time management and job stress. No statistically significant difference in time management and job stress with regard to the years of experience was found. The results also supported the proposed theoretical model of the study. Based on the findings, the study recommended making use of the techniques that the participants apply to manage their time and to alleviate the workplace stressors they face. Furthermore, the education officials should pay more attention to enhancing the concept of time management by holding training courses and workshops for the ministry employees in order to increase their productivity, enhance job satisfaction, and reduce work pressures.
Implications of Risk Governance in Genetically Modified Food: A Comparative Discussion on European and United States Contexts
Authors: Hassan A B M Enamol , Afroz Nazma
Published: July 2020

The rapid growth of world population has increased the demand for Genetically Modified Food (GMF) to fulfill the global nutritional needs. Simultaneously, it also needs to understand the cross-national contexts based on the risk governance of this newly emergence of food technologies. Thus, the paper tries to exhibit a comparison on GMF between United States (US) and European Union (EU) using the risk governance framework. Hence, the study uses the risk governance framework as a model that incorporates risk assessment, concern assessment, risk characterization and evaluation, risk management, and risk communication. The paper is based on secondary source of data collection and the two areas (US and EU) is purposively selected for this comparative discussion. The result shows recent controversies on usage of GMF between US and EU highlighting the apparent differences that does exist in all spheres of risk governance.