bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Accuracy of Identification in Complex Environmental Back-grounds using YOLO V7 and U2NET: Orchid Repotting
Authors: Hsu Hung-Wei , Wang Chih-Chung , Li Jia-Han
Published: December 2024

In the horticultural industry, determining the appropriate timing for repotting is crucial for plant health and growth. Traditional Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) techniques fall short in addressing the high variability inherent in horticulture due to environmental, genetic, and growth-related factors. These traditional methods are inadequate for dealing with the dynamic and complex nature of plant cultivation. Therefore, advanced deep learning models are needed to predict optimal repotting times and ensure precise target object detection amidst complex back-grounds. This study employs YOLOv7[1] for prediction and U2NET[2] for image segmentation, replacing the masking function of YOLOv7. The effectiveness of three YOLOv7-trained models is compared to evaluate their performance in recognizing Oncidium orchids under challenging, cluttered background conditions.
On-Chip Terahertz Polarization Control Enabled by Effective Medium
Authors: Gao Weijie , Withayachumnankul Withawat , Fujita Masayuki
Published: December 2024

We have proposed a solution for terahertz wave on-chip transmission [1], filtering [2], and polarization manipulation [3] with unprecedented performance based on the concept of effective medium [4]. The effective medium is realized by periodically perforating the silicon slab with a period in the deep subwavelength region. As a result, the effective medium can be treated as a homogenous material within the operation frequency range with a tailorable anisotropic permittivity tensor that is only mildly frequency dependent. The unique characteristics of the effective medium play a critical role in enhancing the performance of various terahertz integrated devices.
High-repetition-rate soliton frequency combs in ultrahigh-Q microresonators
Authors: Fujii Shun
Published: December 2024

Ultrahigh-Q optical microresonators are receiving intense interest as an attractive platform for miniature, high-repetition-rate frequency comb sources [1]. By leveraging the resonantly enhanced parametric gain and cascaded four-wave mixing processes, a mode-locked optical frequency comb has been discovered in anomalous dispersion regime, referred to as ‘dissipative Kerr soliton’ [2]. Recent progress in nano- and microphotonics also allows us to integrate such a microresonator into a tiny chip or a compact module that would open a possibility of practical applications including high-capacity telecommunication [3], LiDAR [4], spectroscopy [5], and low-noise microwave generation [6]. Moreover, intriguing phenomena introduced by a nonlinear resonator are an ideal target to study optical soliton physics.
Detection of ultrafast pulse profiles at telecom wavelength using dispersion-compensated chirped-pulse spectroscopy
Authors: Fukuoka Miho , Tamaki Ryo , Morohashi Isao , Katayama Ikufumi
Published: December 2024

Chirped-pulse spectroscopy [1] has been developed as a single-shot measurement technique to visualize ultrafast dynamics of irreversible phenomena that are difficult to investigate with repeated measurements. Dispersion-compensated chirped-pulse spectroscopy, or the time-lens technique [2], were proposed to improve the waveform distortions that appears in the conventional method [3], and near-infrared pump–probe and terahertz waveform detection were demonstrated [4]. In this study, we aimed to use this technique to detect ultrafast intensity profiles of telecom wavelength lasers. We demonstrated asynchronous single-shot detection of femtosecond pulse profiles at telecom wavelength with the time resolution higher than 1 ps. Our method to measure the ultrafast intensity profiles of modulated light sources at telecom wavelength is very promising for developing high-speed optical fiber communication technology.
A microresonator frequency comb as a low phase-noise terahertz-wave oscillator
Authors: Tetsumoto Tomohiro
Published: December 2024

Optical frequency combs have been essential tools in fields such as time-keeping, metrology, and spectroscopy. Traditionally, these combs are generated using bulky mode-locked lasers, which are primarily employed in scientific laboratories due to their complexity and size. However, advancements in microresonator fabrication technologies have enabled the generation of optical frequency combs in a more compact and accessible manner. These microresonator frequency combs, or microcombs, have opened up various potential civilian applications, including optical communication and LiDAR [1]. Among these applications is the generation of low phase-noise millimeter- and terahertz-waves. The repetition frequency of a microcomb typically falls within the millimeter- and terahertz-wave domains (10 GHz to 1 THz), owing to the small dimensions of a microresonator. Generating radio waves in this frequency range is achievable by detecting a microcomb with an ultrafast photodiode. In recent years, there has been significant research interest in implementing these generation systems in a compact form and with ultralow phase noise levels [2-5]. In this talk, I will present research background, general methods and recent our activities related to low phase-noise terahertz-wave generation using microcombs.
Generation of Frequency Comb Spanning 5.0-12.0 µm Based on a Bidirectional Dual-comb Fiber Laser
Authors: Kubota Kousuke , Uchiyama Ryusei , Kokuyama Wataru , Schunemann Peter G. , Nakajima Yoshiaki
Published: December 2024

Long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) spectroscopy has relied on Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS) with incoherent thermal light sources. The thermal sources with low-brightness limit focusing ability, long-distance propagation, and spectroscopic sensitivity. Moreover, the FTS systems use mechanical moving stages, leading to a trade-off between spectral resolution and acquisition time. On the contrary, dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) [1] surpasses conventional FTS in terms of bandwidth coverage, resolution, acquisition time, and sensitivity. However, DCS necessitates a complex laser source system to generate two optical combs with high relative frequency stability. To address this challenge, we have developed a bidirectional dual-comb fiber laser [2] capable of generating dual optical frequency combs from a single laser source.
Energetics and electronic structures of Nb-doped WSSe layers
Authors: Gao Yanlin , Okada Susumu
Published: December 2024

Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (Janus TMDs) are a novel two-dimensional semiconductor. They consist of 3 atomic layers, where the transition metal layer is sandwiched by different chalcogen atom layers. This structural asymmetry produces a dipole moment normal to their layers, making them fascinating materials. The dipole moment provides the freedom to modulate the electronic structures of their stacking structures [1]. For example, bilayer Janus WSSe with SSe interface has staggered band edge alignment between two layers, while it has shallower or deeper band edge when it has SS or SeSe interface. Additionally, introduction of carriers to semiconductors by doping impurity elements is an essential for their practical device implementation. Nb is a common p-type dopant for TMDs to introduce carriers [2-3]. In this work, we aim to explore the energetics and electronic structures of Nb-doped WSSe based on the density functional theory.
New Composition Signal Among Comb-Like Terahertz Spectrum Generated Using Dual Multimode Laser Diodes
Authors: Zeng Yuanhao , Kato Kosaku , Agulto Verdad C. , Kuwashima Fumiyoshi , Tani Masahiko , Yoshimura Masashi , Nakajima Makoto
Published: December 2024

The application of sub-THz technology in material evaluation is gaining traction. As sub-THz frequencies are expected to be used in "beyond the 5th generation" (B5G) and 6G wireless communication bands, there is a need for material testing technology in this region. [1-3] A continuous wave multi-mode laser diode (CW-MLD) based THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) [4-6] system offers a cost-effective alternative to systems using femtosecond lasers. A 660 nm MLD can generate sub-terahertz spectra from 25 GHz to 200 GHz. However, the THz spectra produced by a single MLD have a comb-like structure with fixed THz peaks, leading to gaps in spectral information. In this work we demonstrate that using two MLDs can generate new signal components to fill these spectral gaps.
A fast and sensitive THz rectenna detector working with zero-bias based on the 2D Dirac-Semimetal/Insulator heterostructure
Authors: Tang Chao , Tamura Koichi , Hamada Aoi , Kudo Hiroyoshi , Uchigasaki Shinnosuke , Takida Yuma , Minamide Hiroaki , Lin Tsung-Tse , Satou Akira , Otsuji Taiichi
Published: December 2024

In this study, we developed a fast and sensitive terahertz (THz) detector using a Bi2Se3/h-BN heterostructure rectenna that enables detection without a cathode-anode bias. The fabrication process involved synthesizing β-Bi2Se3 via vapor-controlled liquid phase growth and h-BN via chemical vapor deposition [1]. The Bi2Se3 flake were cleaved and transferred onto a Si/SiO2 substrate, followed by the deposition of anode electrodes and the hot transfer method to stack an h-BN flake, completing the fabrication with cathode and anode electrodes and a bow-tie antenna with metal pads. For THz detection, we employed a 0.95-THz, 500-mW-peak injection-seeded THz parametric generator (is-TPG) as the light source [2], with anode and cathode electrodes connected through a bias tee using a GSG RF probe (Fig. 1). We observed a THz photovoltage peak of 20 mV at an applied electric field of 0.25 V/nm, with a 200-ps full width at half maximum (FWHM). This resulted in a responsivity of 40 mV/W under a 50-Ω load (equivalent to 400 V/W under a 50-kΩ load) and a response time of 100 ps (equivalent to 10 Gbps) at room temperature. Remarkably, we also achieved a responsivity of 20 mV/W at zero bias with the same response speed (Fig. 2). The asymmetry in the peak photovoltage with respect to the applied bipolar electric field is attributed to the asymmetric Dirac conical dispersions of Bi2Se3, highlighting the potential for passive, high-speed THz detection using 2D semimetal devices.
Transmitted Wave Frequency Shift on a Moving Media Interface: between the Doppler and the Photon Recoil Effects
Authors: Lymar Valentyn , Makovetskyi Yevhen , Vovk Ruslan
Published: December 2024

A broad range of well-known nonlinear optics phenomena demonstrates feasibility of managing the substance by means of the optical field influence. But, in addition to the manifestation of nonlinear optical properties, the radiation-substance system may be brought into a state far from thermodynamic equilibrium forming so-called “optically induced dissipative structure”. Obviously, light absorption is important in this case. The combination of optical and thermodynamic nonlinearities becomes a characteristic property of the system, and studying it is mutually enriching.
Metal–Insulator–Metal (MIM) Waveguide Based Fano Resonance Sensor for Human Sperm Detection
Authors: Yashovardhan Anirudh , Singh Lokendra
Published: December 2024

When a light ray is incident on the metal surface, the free electron capture energy and generates a form of collective oscillation, called Surface Plasmonic Polaritons (SPPs) [1]. SPP gets confined to a deep subwavelength scale in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides with the advantages of high restraint, low loss, long transmission distance, and simple fabrication [2]. SPP-based MIM waveguides have been used in different applications such as refractive index sensing, wavelength division multiplexing [2].
Optical skyrmion beam generation based on integrated photonics
Authors: Iwamoto Satoshi , Lin Wenbo , Ota Yasutomo
Published: December 2024

Structured light characterized by unique optical fields in space and time has been studied from the viewpoints of fundamental science and applications [1,2]. In addition to widely studied optical vortices and polarization vector beams, optical skyrmion and related optical states, a family of optical fields that have more complex optical fields, have started to get attention recently [3]. Optical skyrmion beams having all polarization states of light in their beam cross-section are one of the family members. Some applications of optical skyrmion exploiting their unique polarization distribution and topological character have been investigated [4,5].
High-order Laguerre- and Hermit-Gaussian laser generated from laser cavity incorporating aberrated cat-eye optics
Authors: Sheng Quan , Fu Shijie , Shi Wei , Yao Jianquan , Ma Yuanyuan , Omatsu Takashige
Published: December 2024

By introducing mode-dependent laser gain and loss, structured laser field in eigen cavity modes can be generated directly from a laser [1]. Here we present the high-order Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) and Hermit-Gaussian (HG) mode laser output of a Nd:YVO4 laser cavity incorporating cat-eye optics. The aberration of the cat-eye optics, including the intrinsic spherical aberration (SA) of the spherical lens and the artificially introduced astigmatism via misaligning the cavity, enabled the modal discrimination for high-order mode output. The angular indices of the LG mode laser output could be extended to over 350. High-order two-dimension HG mode output was also obtained.
Quantum Antibunching in Nonlinear Coupler Using Wigner Representation
Authors: Hanapi Mohd Syafiq M. , Ibrahim Abel-Baset M. A. , Choudhury Pankaj K.
Published: December 2024

Antibunching, a key characteristic of single-photon sources, is crucial for quantum cryptography and quantum computing [1]. Nonlinear couplers have significant potential as generators of nonclassical light [2,3]. However, Limited research has been reported on antibunching in nonlinear couplers [4,5]. This study investigates antibunching in an innovative design of a nonlinear coupler (as fig. 1 shows) featuring three nonlinear waveguides, each comprising a material that exhibits the second-order nonlinearity.
Effect of a small inclination of the target on the distortion calibration
Authors: Robles-Gutiérrez Irán , López-Luna Martín , Díaz-Uribe Rufino
Published: December 2024

It is shown that, during the distortion calibration procedure, a small inclination of the calibration target has a small but significant effect on the coefficient value. Simulated as well as experimental data are reported.
Improving the sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder displacement sensor by the spectrum differential integration method
Authors: Guillen-Ruiz Luis E. , Anzueto-Sánchez Gilberto , Camas-Anzueto Jorge Luis , Martínez-Rios Alejandro
Published: December 2024

A micrometric displacement sensor was proposed based on two cascading abrupt-taper single-mode fiber optics. The spectrum differential integrator (SDI) method improves the sensitivity of 3.49 dBm/μm compared to traditional peak tracking (-0.042 nm/μm).
Quantum Operations Assisted by Multiphoton and Multiphonon States
Authors: Torres Juan Mauricio
Published: December 2024

Quantum operations in cavity-QED scenarios are theoretically investigated, where multiphoton states assist in generating atomic entanglement. Similar schemes are implementable with trapped ions. These operations can serve protocols such as entanglement purification.
Spatially-Resolved Multi-Photon Interference
Authors: González Miguel Angel , Reyes Ana Sofía , Alarcón Jeimmy , Quintero Andrés Camilo , Valencia Alejandra
Published: December 2024

We propose a setup to measure the joint probability of detection at different positions for two distinguishable photons impinging in a beam splitter and show theoretically that it can associated to a matrix’s permanent.
Semi-Supervised Hyperspectral Unmixing: Integration of Fixed and Variable End-members
Authors: Mendoza Chavarría Juan N. , Quintana-Quintana Laura , Ortega Samuel , Callico Gustavo M. , Campos-Delgado Daniel U.
Published: December 2024

This study introduces a semi-supervised hyperspectral unmixing method, where some specific end-members are known upfront, while others are estimated during the unmixing process. Validation on a brain tissue histological image stained with eosin and hematoxylin confirms its effectiveness.
Exhaled Breath Sensing: An IR-eNose approach for Exhalome Studies
Authors: Glöckler Johannes , Mizaikoff Boris , Mitrovics Jan , Flores-Rangel Gabriela , Bricio-Arzubide Francisco , de León-Martínez Lorena Díaz
Published: December 2024

Development of an infrared spectroscopic electronic nose (IR-eNose) combining IR using substrate-integrated hollow waveguides (iHWG) and metal oxide (MOX) sensors for non-invasive gastric cancer screening, tested with calibration gases and exhaled breath from gastric cancer patients.
Inverse Design of Optical Microring Resonators Using a Supervised Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Valencia-Garzon Sebastian , Montoya-Cardona Jorge , Reyes-Vera Erick , Gonzalez-Valencia Esteban
Published: December 2024

This work introduces a supervised machine learning approach to design and optimize optical micro-ring resonators, hence improving design accuracy and efficiency. Using Keras and Optuna, the suggested approach significantly reduces computational resources than conventional techniques.
Detection of dissolved chromium in water by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with acoustic levitation of single droplets
Authors: Contreras Victor , Román Abarca María Esperanza , Kesarla Mohan Kumar , Fuentes-Pacheco Jorge , Martinez Horacio
Published: December 2024

LIBS assisted by acoustic levitation exhibits appealing benefits for liquid analysis, such as signal enhancement and low-volume sampling requirements. This work presents the detection of chromium in water at concentrations of 0.1 to 1 ppm.
Experimental investigation of Carbon Nanotubes deposition in a capillary fiber optic tip based on multimodal interference effect
Authors: Aviles Andres Camarillo- , Cuando-Espitia Natanael , May-Arrioja Daniel A.
Published: December 2024

Laser-induced deposition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a capillary hollow fiber (CHF) tip is demonstrated. Multimodal interference effect generates a ring-intensity light pattern to locate the CNTs within an annular structure at the CHF tip.
Luminescence of Terbium Ions in an Amorphous Silicon Carbide Based Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Thin Films
Authors: Gálvez de la Puente G. , Grieseler R.
Published: December 2024

SiC:Tb films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering. The influence of the sputter parameters temperature and bias potential at the substrate were analysed. The results show that terbium emission can be tuned by changing these parameters.
Advanced Multi-Quantum Cascade Laser Sensor for Real-Time Multi-Species Measurement in Hypersonic Flows
Authors: Arafin Farhan , McGaunn Jonathan , Azim Ahmad , Lyakh Arkadiy , Vasu Subith
Published: December 2024

We developed a monolithic QCL array for hypersonic flow diagnostics, enabling high-speed, multi-species measurements. Despite power fluctuations, future iterations with narrower waveguides promise improved stability and accuracy for real-time hypersonic flow characterization.
Selective ejection of atoms in a cold Rydberg gas
Authors: Velazco L. , Muniz J. A. , Failache H. , Lezama A.
Published: December 2024

We experimentally demonstrate that pairs of Rydberg atoms in a cold gas can be targeted by a precisely tuned microwave field that induces a strong dipole-dipole interaction that selectively ejects these atoms from the gas.
Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy & Food Safety: Can Photonics Hunt a Cereal Killer?
Authors: Mizaikoff Boris
Published: December 2024

Photonic technologies have seen revolutionary developments in the past decades leading from conventional optics to on-chip photonic devices. Owing to the recent advances in mid-infrared (3-20 μm; MIR) laser technology, especially cascade laser spectroscopy (CSL) has evolved into a state-of-the-art tool for the selective and sensitive quantification of trace analytes in liquid, solid, and gaseous state in a wide variety of sensing scenarios. High output power, narrow linewidths, single-mode operation, low power consumption, broad tunability and compact dimensions are just some of the most outstanding features of cascade lasers. Since their introduction, quantum cascade lasers (QCL) and interband cascade lasers (ICL) have rapidly matured, and have established themselves as the probably most important contemporary MIR laser light sources.
Adulterated Honey Detection Based on Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Gutierrez-Navarro Omar , Mendoza-Chavarria Juan N. , Casillas-Peñuelas Rafael A. , Campos-Delgado Daniel U.
Published: December 2024

We propose a method to detect adulterated honey relying on hyperspectral imaging. Our proposal uses linear unmixing and machine learning based on known honey spectra. The proposal was tested on a published database that achieved an accuracy of 0.92 to 0.99.
Study of Refractive Index in Holographic Reflection Gratings
Authors: Delesma Rocio , Olivares-Pérez Arturo
Published: December 2024

We study the behavior of the refractive index of Bragg-type reflection volume holographic gratings, using the coupled Kogelnik theory, obtaining a non-linear behavior in the refractive index.
A Comparative Assessment of Point Sources for Digital Lensless Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Buitrago-Duque Carlos , Patino-Jurado Brayan , Garcia-Sucerquia Jorge
Published: December 2024

Point sources for Digital Lensless Holographic Microscopy are comparatively analyzed. Sources based on pinholes, cone-shaped optical fibers, optical pick-up units, and aspheric lenses are assessed on their robustness, compactness, reliability, cost-effectiveness, and imaging performance.
Iron oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles synthetized by laser ablation technique used as coatings to prevent CaCO3 scale on stainless steel
Authors: Cuenca Juan Pablo , Lopez Juan David , Silva Paulo H. , Landazuri Henry R. , Werneck Marcelo M. , Allil Regina , Carmargo Sergio
Published: December 2024

This work presents the synthesis and optical characterization of Fe3O4 and CuO nanoparticles used to prevent CaCO3 scaling on stainless steel. The results showed that Fe3O4-coated steel pieces inhibited CaCO3 fouling by up to 40%.
Optomechatronic System to Quantify the Rotation of Linear Polarization of Light in Temperature-Controlled Chromoactive Materials
Authors: Morales-Navarro A. R. , Grajales-Coutiño R. , Camas-Anzueto J. L. , Juárez-Ontiveros A. , Megchum-Ruedas C. A.
Published: December 2024

Optomechatronic system implementing the rotation of a linear polarizer to measure the polarization plane in a temperature controller from -15°C to 105°C in chromoactive materials, with applications in fluorescence, polarization, and spectroscopy.
Fiber optic probe for complex light beams multiplexing single- and few-mode signals
Authors: Velázquez-Benítez Amado M. , Montesinos-Garrido Eloy , Garnica-Palafox Itzel , Bradley Thomas , Qureshi Naser , Okonkwo Chigo
Published: December 2024

A fiber bundle device capable to generate multiple spots, single and multimode, that can be used for different applications requiring complex light patterns. The device is simple in fabrication based on existing fiber bundle technology.
Residual Torsion in Optical Fibers
Authors: Tentori Diana , Ramírez Zavala Sergio Iván , Vázquez Daniel Jáuregui
Published: December 2024

The theoretical model of the residual birefringence of a fiber with an elliptical birefringence component and a residual torsion, predicts correctly the experimental results obtained for conventional and photonic single-mode fibers.
Effects of Doping and Nanoimprinting on the Infrared Response of Conductive Polymer Metasurfaces
Authors: Pacheco Haydee , O’Carroll Deirdre
Published: December 2024

We present conductive polymer metasurfaces that exhibit tunable infrared responses using doped poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). By enhancing film conductivity through dopants, we observe significant changes in photonic properties with prospective applications in nanophotonics and infrared devices.
Optical Property Characterization of Agar-Based Phantoms with Variable Ink and Nanoparticle Concentrations
Authors: García-Cortés Elvis Anyel , Pérez-Sansalvador Julio César , Spezzia-Mazzocco Teresita
Published: December 2024

This study seeks to simulate different tissues using agar-based phantoms with varying ink and nanoparticle concentrations. Spectrophotometric methods were used to characterize the optical coefficients, revealing increased values with higher concentrations of ink and nanoparticles.
Characterization of the absorption band of a cationic polymer
Authors: Velasco-Bolom Pedro Marcos , Megchum-Ruedas Carlos Alberto , Ramírez-Morales Marcoantonio , Camas-Anzueto Jorge Luis , Martínez-López Nancy Abril
Published: December 2024

The absorbance characterization of a cationic polymer is presented, using it as a polymer matrix as a base for the assembly, showing a greater absorption band modifying the concentration of the diluted polymer.
Topography and thickness of a contact lens using the point projection method
Authors: Robles-Gutiérrez Irán , Díaz-Uribe Rufino
Published: December 2024

The topography of both surfaces and the thickness map of a rigid contact lens measured by the point projection method is presented. For this, a direct triangulation method and exact ray tracing are used.
Phase control method for generating orbital angular momentum beams using coherent beam combining based on deep learning
Authors: Zhao Haoyu , Zuo Jing , Li Feng , Geng Chao , Li Xinyang , Wang Caixia
Published: December 2024

In recent years, orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams have shown great potential for applications in laser communication, laser processing, optical imaging, and detection. For free-space optical communication, high-power, high-quality vortex beams with a high signal-to-noise ratio are critical for long-distance communication. Coherent beam combining (CBC) of vortex beams enables the enhancement of power while maintaining high beam quality. Considering the orbital angular momentum spectrum as a new dimension of optical wave resources, achieving rapid phase locking of specific phases is crucial for increasing communication capacity. Traditional phase control methods based on wavefront intensity distribution face limitations in optimization, particularly for centrosymmetric laser phased arrays. To address this, we propose a deep learning-based method using spiral phase modulation. By designing a loss function that eliminates phase periodicity, we establish a nonlinear mapping between the sub-beam phases and the far-field image. To improve the phase prediction accuracy of the deep learning model, we introduce a power-in-the-bucket (PIB) metric for the vortex beam’s main lobe, which mitigates dynamic phase errors caused by thermal and environmental disturbances. This method holds promise for application in high-power vortex beam optical systems with coherent combining of fiber laser phased arrays.
Nonlinear Airy beam propagation in defected photonic lattices
Authors: Ethuin Clara , Bouldja Nacera , Wolfersberger Delphine
Published: December 2024

This work theoretically investigates the interplay of nonlinear Airy beams (AB) propagation and optically induced waveguide arrays in a photorefractive (PR) crystal. By introducing defect guides within the photonic lattice, we control the trajectory and self-bending properties and mostly the complex photoinduced waveguiding structures of these unconventional beams. Positive defects within the lattice induce the formation of solitary-like waves, while negative defects result in strong repulsion effects. In the nonlinear regime, these phenomena are further enhanced, with higher solitonic wave intensity in the case of a positive defect. Our simulations further demonstrate that at a lattice period of 20 µm, a specific defect guide modulation depth, and proper nonlinearity strength, a single laser beam injected in a negatively defected waveguide splits into up to seven distinct output channels. By judiciously adjusting the parameters, we can generate output channels that are spatially separated by up to 19 times the beam waist, thereby offering precise control over both the position and intensity of the output channels.
Glaucoma Literacy in a Portuguese Population
Authors: Aguiar Catarina Pestana , Ambrósio João Alves , Cardoso Isabel Lopes , Amorim Manuela , Pedro João Chibante , Jesus Jeniffer
Published: December 2024

Studies show that individuals with limited health literacy skills experience worse health outcomes in a multitude of chronic diseases including glaucoma. These patients have poorer compliance, worse disease understanding and greater disease progression. The main purpose of our study was to evaluate the knowledge about glaucoma basic concepts in patients with this disease. A 24 question survey was given to patients followed by the glaucoma department, by phone or in person. Epidemiological data and personal therapeutic regimens were collected as well as data concerning the pathophysiology, treatment and prognosis of the disease. Survey responses were obtained from 79 patients with a mean age of 72 years old. Most of the patients had a low education level. The majority of patients could not enumerate glaucoma risk factors (74.5%), their glaucoma type (94.9%) or the best glaucoma definition (57%). However, they were able to relate the disease to a high IOP (75.9%) and the possibility of it leading to blindness (96.2%). We believe that patients, when observed in their glaucoma appointments, tend to retain information related to the prognosis and consequences of the disease and not focus on the understanding of its pathophysiology, causes and mechanisms, which may reflect their concern about their own future. However, this may lead to some misconceptions about the definition of glaucoma and specially about what can cause this disease. Some investment should be done to improve health literacy in the glaucoma population, with appropriate language and handed material.
Risk of Extrahepatic Malignancies in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Chung Sung Won , Kim Ye-Jee , Lim Jihye , Choi Jonggi , Lee Danbi , Shim Ju Hyun , Kim Kang Mo , Lim Young-Suk , Lee Han Chu , Kim Sehee , Choi Won-Mook
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Nationwide, population-based data on the risk of extrahepatic malignancy in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in Asian countries are scarce. This study aimed to examine the risk of developing extrahepatic malignancies in a nationwide cohort of patients with AIH.

METHODS:

Using claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, patients diagnosed with AIH between 2007 and 2019 (n = 7,382) were matched in a 1:8 ratio with an age- and sex-matched control population (n = 58,320). We compared the incidence rates and hazard ratios (HRs) of overall and specific extrahepatic malignancies between the 2 groups, while also examining the impact of immunosuppressant use.

RESULTS:

During a median follow-up period of 5.2 years, a total of 3,713 extrahepatic malignancies developed. The incidence rate of extrahepatic malignancy in patients with AIH (990.8 cases per 100,000 person-years) was comparable with that in the matched controls (937.6 cases per 100,000 person-years), with an HR of 0.93 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81–1.07; P = 0.30). However, a significantly higher risk of hematologic malignancies, particularly lymphoma or myeloma (HR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.70–4.17; P < 0.001), was observed. The use of glucocorticoids (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.31–1.75; P = 0.50) or azathioprine (HR, 2.12; 95% CI, 0.90–5.02; P = 0.09) had no impact on the risk of lymphoma or myeloma in patients with AIH.

DISCUSSION:

In this nationwide, population-based cohort, AIH was not associated with an increased risk of overall extrahepatic malignancy compared with age- and sex-matched controls. However, AIH itself increased the risk of lymphoma or myeloma, independent of immunosuppressant use.
Financial cybercrime avoidance behavior among employees of financial sector companies in Indonesia
Authors: Zahra Hanifah , Urumsah Dekar
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the factors that influence the behavior of avoiding financial cybercrime among employees of financial sector companies in Indonesia. This studyuses Technology Threat Avoidance Theory (TTAT) and Regret Theory as theoretical frameworks. Data are collected through a survey conducted onemployees of financial sector companies in Indonesia, both in paper-based and online formats, resulting in a total of 180 questionnaires for analyses. Data analysis is conducted using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) in SmartPLS 4.0. The results of this study show thatperceived susceptibility and perceived severity have a significant positive influence on perceived threat. However, the interaction between perceived susceptibility and perceived severity has no effect on perceived threat. Perceived threat, safeguard effectiveness, and anticipated regret have a significant influence on financial cybercrime avoidance motivation. Conversely, self-efficacy and safeguard cost do not have an effect onfinancial cybercrime avoidance motivation. Furthermore, financial cybercrime avoidance motivation has a significant and positive influence on financial cybercrime avoidance behavior. These findings offer insights for policymakers, financial sector companies, and antivirus software developers to enhance cybersecurity policies, responses to cybercrime, and software features.
Impact of Tax Avoidance on Audit Report Lag with Audit Fee as a Moderating Variable
Authors: Soeparjono Permata Indhira Hajj , Senjani Yayu Putri
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This research examines the influence of tax avoidance measured through ETR and CETR on audit report lag, with audit costs as a moderating variable. The research is updated by integrating audit costs as a moderating variable.
Methodology: It is quantitative research employing secondary data from annual reports. The selection of companies is based on predefined criteria using a purposive sampling method, resulting in a sample of 140 observations. The research is tested using panel data regression analysis with Stata 14 software.
Findings: Based on the data analysis results, it can be concluded that (1) tax avoidance, measured through both ETR and CETR, has a significant positive impact on audit report lag, and (2) audit fee as a moderating variable weakens the positive relationship between tax avoidance, either ETR or CETR, and audit report lag.
Novelty: The study is conducted on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, categorized into four stock sectors with audit report lag from 2018 to 2022.
REFORMULASI HUKUM TERHADAP HAK CIPTA ATAS MUSIK SEBAGAI OBJEK PELUNASAN UTANG MELALUI JAMINAN FIDUSIA
Authors: Subrianty Daeli
Published: December 2024

Persentase pengguna streaming musik berbayar aktif secara global telah meningkat drastis setiap tahunnya. Namun peningkatan jumlah pengguna aktif musik di Indonesia tidak diiringi dengan berkembangnya regulasi Hak Cipta Musik di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum doktrinal yang menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwa pengaturan Hak Cipta Musik sebagai objek Jaminan Fidusia di Indonesia telah diatur dalam beberapa peraturan namun terdapat tantangan dan kendala dalam mengimplementasikan jaminan hak cipta musik sebagai objek Jaminan Fidusia tersebut. Oleh karena itu, dengan mewujudkan upaya reformulasi hukum terhadap aturan yang terkait dapat menjadi solusi yang progresif guna menciptakan sistem hukum yang dinamis yang mampu mengikuti perkembangan yang terjadi di tengah masyarakat.
Performance Appraisal and Employee Performance in National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure Institutes (NASENI) in South East, Nigeria
Authors: Ogala Blessing A. , Igwe Nick N. , Anichebe Nnaemeka A. , Chukwu Christian U. , Oparah Frank , Obodoagu Kenneth Ogomegbunam
Published: December 2024

This study sets out to fulfil two objectives: to establish the association between contextual performance in NASENI and feedback from evaluations, and the relationship between employees’ training and counterproductive behaviour in the surveyed organization. The theoretical underpinning used was the resource-based view which underscored the importance of putting qualified employees in the proper positions through periodical evaluations. This would enable the organization acquire competitive advantages over time. The study used a descriptive survey design to collect data. The total population of the study was 710 (seven hundred and ten respondents). Sample size determination was performed using Yamane Formula. Instrument for data collection was the questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into two distinct sections: The employee bio data and the relationship between the dependent variable and independent variables respectively. Findings revealed that evaluation feedback significantly affects contextual performance and that employee training significantly reduces counterproductive behaviour in NASENI. The implication of these findings is that evaluation feedback in performance appraisal and employee training on counterproductive behaviour in NASENI have the capacity of increasing performance in organizations especially in organizations where employees have been accused of poor performance with low revenue yielding to the Federal government.
University Partnerships in the Global Business Arena – What Makes Them Successful? Featuring a Current Partnership Example Between U.S. and Moroccan Universities
Authors: Wood Van R. , Benos William J. , Darban Karim , Mazón David Garay
Published: December 2024

University partnerships that join together institutions of higher education located in different parts of the world offer significant opportunities to educate all those involved (students, faculty, governmental agencies and participating private organizations). Students become more aware of the globalized environment in which they live and work; faculty build relations that expand their research opportunities and teaching skills, governmental agencies experience a different perspective on global business possibilities; and private organizations gain insights into world markets from the final reports and recommendations that come from such partnerships. This paper draws upon existing literature focusing on how to create and sustain productive university partnerships located in different countries and describes why such collaborations are central to the future of higher education and global business in general.  The authors feature the steps taken to create an ongoing partnership between three universities (two in the United States and one in Morocco), whose students engaged with a private organization (the project’s “client”) seeking global business insights and opportunities.  An overview of the project undertaken is also provided. The paper concludes with a call for development of more university based international partnerships and further research into what makes them successful.
Perspectives of Agricultural Students at the University for Development Studies on Farming as a Livelihood in Ghana
Authors: Quansah Joseph Yaw Dwamena , Osei Samuel , Abudu Amadu Musah
Published: December 2024

The study aims to examine the perceptions of agriculture students in a Ghanaian University regarding farming as a sustainable livelihood after graduation. This study is grounded in the structuration theory. The target respondents for the study consisted of 105 final-year agriculture students from the Faculty of Agriculture. A total of 83 students were considered for the sample size which was determined using the Yamane (1967) sample size determination formula. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, anchored in the positivist paradigm. The study used a structured questionnaire for data collection. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis. The results revealed that a significant proportion of the students (46.1%) resided in rural areas where agriculture is the primary livelihood activity. Also, the study revealed that about 38.2% of the participants expressed willingness to grow food crops for their livelihood. The findings of the study further revealed that working in an educational institution (Mean= 3.0) was the most preferred livelihood option among participants. The study revealed that the major challenge deterring participants from pursuing farming as a sustainable livelihood is a lack of initial capital to start farming, with 67.1% of participants indicating this as a demotivating factor. The study recommended that government and other stakeholders should provide the necessary incentives in agriculture to arouse students' interest in taking up agriculture-related careers after graduation as a means of livelihood in Ghana.
Religion in African Americans Live: A Harrowing Comment in Richard Wrights “Black Boy” and James Baldwins “The Fire Next Time”
Authors: Boubakar Adam Boni , Assongba Belmonde , Kombieni Didier , Kpohoue Ferdinand
Published: December 2024

Religion has been a key fact in black Americans slaves daily life, as it fills a gap. Religious practices when slaves were not in plantations appeared as psychological relief that helped endure their fate out of resignation, as their helped the slaver control their slaves. Richard Wright and James Baldwin have exposed the role played by religion in the slavery institution, respectively in Black Boy and The Fire Next Time. The present paper aims to highlight some positive impacts of religious practice as lived by slaves on the one hand, and to reveal how religion helped slave masters subjugate their slaves to permanent needs in God’s name. The methodological approach in the study has been a documentary and analytical since the work has allowed moving from the fictional works described in the two novels to historical facts in America. In the process of understanding, interpreting and analyzing the message shed by Wright and Baldwin through their here works, three literary theories have been found adapted: the New Historicism championed by Stephen Greenbalt and Jonathan Goldberg which examines through the books the history as well as the main factors they point out, the Psychoanalysis Literary Criticism, a doctrine by Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacon, and the Marxism which has allowed displaying the cultural and intellectual heritage of the United States during the fight for African Americans’ emancipation and total integration in America, and the Psychoanalysis Literary Criticism which has permitted exploring the role of consciousness and the unconsciousness in literary expression of historical facts, including the authors, the readers and the characters, mostly those who are really involved in the plot.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Benefit(s) to Company and Society Case of Vodafone Ghana Limited
Authors: Mantey Nicholas
Published: December 2024

This project explores the principles of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its benefits to both companies and society. The case study conducted on Vodafone Ghana provides a practical illustration of implementing CSR practices. The primary objective of this study is to review the effect of CSR initiatives on Vodafone Ghana's performance and its contribution to society. The research methodology employed in this study involves analyzing relevant literature, collecting primary data through interviews and surveys, and conducting a comprehensive review of Vodafone Ghana's CSR activities. The findings indicate that Vodafone Ghana's CSR initiatives have positively influenced its reputation, brand image, and customer loyalty. The research findings, the study was that implementing CSR practices can bring about tangible benefits to both companies and society. It enhances a company's competitiveness, strengthens stakeholder relationships, and contributes to sustainable development. Overall, this project highlights the significance of CSR in fostering a positive relationship between companies and society, using Vodafone Ghana as a case study. It offers insights for organizations leveraging CSR practices for sustainable growth and societal well-being.
ESG Disclosures, Assurance Report, and Companies’ Attractiveness: Saudi Capital Market
Authors: Mohammed Hanin Ahmed , Shah Sabarina Mohammed , Yusri Yusniyati , Ngalim Manisah bt
Published: December 2024

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices are increasingly adopted by companies worldwide to align with sustainable development goals (SDGs), with Saudi Arabia emerging as a significant example of this global shift. This study investigates the role of ESG disclosures in enhancing corporate attractiveness and overall performance, particularly within the context of Saudi Arabia’s evolving economy. Grounded in legitimacy theory, the research explores how non-audit services, specifically ESG assurance reports, can validate a company's sustainability claims and mitigate risks associated with greenwashing. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of key variables, this paper assesses the potential impact of mandatory ESG assurance requirements on corporate transparency and accountability. The findings offer insights valuable to practitioners, policymakers, and scholars interested in promoting socially responsible business practices.
The Paradox of the Friendly Vengeful Malay
Authors: Ramli Yusri Mohamad
Published: December 2024

The Malays are commonly known as a very sensitive race compared to other Asian races, if not all races of the world. The sensitivity comes usually in a good way but sometimes in a bad way. The Malays used to be identified by their reputation for vengeance. But authors and researchers on Malays varied in their description that despite admitting to such indignant nature, the Malays are pretty well recognized for their compassion and gentleness. Such contradictory descriptions could be found abundantly in many chronicles of travelers and writers during the 18th and 19th centuries. To better understand the irony, this article attempts to scrutinize the peculiarity of Malay sensitivity, which is signified by the paradox of their kindness and vengeance, by anaylsing the records of observation and encounter of firsthand experiences and direct insights. This study sheds light on how the intricate Malay sensitivity is displayed through their contentment and resentment.