bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesimism, optimism și încredere în instituții în România actuală
Authors: Deliu Alexandra
Published: July 2024

This article uses data from the Eurobarometer series to comparatively present Romania's evolution of optimism/pessimism and trust in institutions, compared to the EU from 2017 to 2023. The premise of the discussion is that the overlap of multiple crises – the health crisis associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the geopolitical crisis stemming from the war in Ukraine, and the economic crisis resulting from both – leads to changes regarding individuals' outlook on both their own future (optimism/pessimism) and the social environment around them (trust in institutions). The data presented here suggest that Romania stands out from the EU due to a high degree of instability in perceptions, as well as the observation that politics and daily life seem to be two disconnected domains in Romania.
Spatial and temporal gene expression patterns during early human odontogenesis process
Authors: Yu Yejia , Wang Kun , Wang Zhuo , Cai Haoyang , Liao Chengcheng , Wu Yutao , Zhang Jingyi , Tian Weidong , Liao Li
Published: July 2024

Studies on odontogenesis are of great importance to treat dental abnormalities and tooth loss. However, the odontogenesis process was poorly studied in humans, especially at the early developmental stages. Here, we combined RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with Laser-capture microdissection (LCM) to establish a spatiotemporal transcriptomic investigation for human deciduous tooth germs at the crucial developmental stage to offer new perspectives to understand tooth development and instruct tooth regeneration. Several hallmark events, including angiogenesis, ossification, axonogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, were identified during odontogenesis in human dental epithelium and mesenchyme from the cap stage to the early bell stage. ECM played an essential role in the shift of tooth-inductive capability. Species comparisons demonstrated these hallmark events both in humans and mice. This study reveals the hallmark events during odontogenesis, enriching the transcriptomic research on human tooth development at the early stage.
Cu-alginate hydrogels in microfluidic systems: a sustainable catalytic approach for click chemistry
Authors: Ramšak Arijana , Gazvoda Martin , Plazl Igor , Ambrožič Rok
Published: July 2024

This work explores the innovative use of copper-alginate (Cu-alginate) hydrogels within microfluidic systems to catalyze dipolar cycloaddition reactions, emphasizing green chemistry principles and process intensification. Utilizing naturally occurring biopolymers, such as alginates, provides an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional catalyst supports due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and effective metal ion immobilization capabilities. The integration of these biopolymer-based catalysts into microfluidic devices allows for precise control over reaction conditions, leading to enhanced reaction kinetics and mass transfer efficiencies. Our results demonstrate that Cu-alginate hydrogels effectively catalyze the formation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles through [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition reactions with high regioselectivity and conversion. The microfluidic setup ensures rapid and efficient synthesis, surpassing traditional batch reaction methods in both reaction rate and environmental impact by reducing solvent usage and waste generation. Furthermore, the use of microfluidics contributes to the reproducibility and scalability of the synthesis process, important for industrial applications. The model-based design and its simulations have been employed to further understand and optimize the reaction system. Diffusion through the gel layer and catalytic reaction kinetics estimated from experimental data were included in the model, providing a theoretical foundation for a comprehensive process evaluation. This study not only advances the field of sustainable catalysis by demonstrating the practical utility of biopolymer-supported catalysts in microfluidic systems, but also sets the stage for further research into biopolymer applications in complex chemical syntheses.
Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus arrhizus diagnosis via metagenomics next-generation sequencing: a case report
Authors: Li Jianhong , Ge Yuwen , Xin Chengqi , Jiang Li
Published: July 2024

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a rare, invasive, and fatal fungal disease that is often easily misdiagnosed in the early stages due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations and adequate auxiliary examinations. Early diagnosis and timely therapy are essential for successful treatment. In this report, we presented a 46-year-old man with diabetes who experienced gradual vision loss, right ptosis, swelling, and headaches that progressively worsened to death within 4 days after admission. It was finally confirmed as a fungal Rhizopus arrhizus infection by metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Our report has proved that mNGS testing should be strongly recommended in highly suspected patients.
The incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of acute kidney injury in patients after cardiac surgery
Authors: Wang Xian-dong , Bao Rui , Lan Yang , Zhao Zhen-zhen , Yang Xin-yue , Wang Yun-yun , Quan Zhi-yong , Wang Jia-feng , Bian Jin-jun
Published: July 2024

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a significant complication following cardiac surgery, associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Despite its clinical importance, there is a lack of universally applicable and reliable methods for the early identification and diagnosis of AKI. This study aimed to examine the incidence of AKI after cardiac surgery, identify associated risk factors, and evaluate the prognosis of patients with AKI.

Method

This retrospective study included adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery at Changhai Hospital between January 7, 2021, and December 31, 2021. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Perioperative data were retrospectively obtained from electronic health records. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for AKI. The 30-day survival was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and differences between survival curves for different AKI severity levels were compared using the log-rank test.

Results

Postoperative AKI occurred in 257 patients (29.6%), categorized as stage 1 (179 patients, 20.6%), stage 2 (39 patients, 4.5%), and stage 3 (39 patients, 4.5%). The key independent risk factors for AKI included increased mean platelet volume (MPV) and the volume of intraoperative cryoprecipitate transfusions. The 30-day mortality rate was 3.2%. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a lower survival rate in the AKI group (89.1%) compared to the non-AKI group (100%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

AKI was notably prevalent following cardiac surgery in this study, significantly impacting survival rates. Notably, MPV and administration of cryoprecipitate may have new considerable predictive significance. Proactive identification and management of high-risk individuals are essential for reducing postoperative complications and mortality.
A new method for inspection and detection of typical defects of protective facilities in existing railways and its application
Authors: Li Jian , Gao Xu , Lv Huayong , Guo Hongze , Wang Zonghao , Cheng Zhanbo
Published: July 2024

Due to the frequent occurrence of defects of slope protection facilities on existing lines causing the potential major geological hazards (e.g., landslides), it is necessary to promote the inspection and detection efficiency of various defects of slope protection facilities for carrying out early warning and evaluation, as well as, putting forward relevant control measures for slope disasters. Based on the case studies of hundreds of protective facilities on the existing railway line, the typical defect types, characteristics and specific causes of retaining wall, slope protection, anti-slide pile and anchorage engineering structure are firstly determined. Subsequently, a new comprehensive method combining unmanned air vehicle (UAV) and intelligent detection of portable radar (IDPR) are proposed. Among of them, UAV can effective and efficient identify the defect situations of slope protection facilities, and the water accumulation and cracks of retaining wall through performing a periodic inspection of the surrounding environment of protective facilities. In addition, IDPR can detect the filling situations behind the protective facilities to prevent the collapse danger. Through comparison with the drilling core results of tested areas, it is found that the detection results of the IDPR are more reliable and accurate, which is worthy of popularization and application in the field.
Niche differentiation in microorganisms capable of using alternative reduced nitrogen sources studied across depth and between oxic and anoxic ocean regions
Authors: Huanca-Valenzuela Paulina , Cram Jacob A. , Fuchsman Clara A.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Assimilation of reduced nitrogen is less energetically costly than assimilation of oxidized forms. In the open ocean, ammonium is generally absent from the water column, including in oxygen-deficient zones (ODZs). Some microorganisms can use alternative organic reduced nitrogen forms like urea and cyanate, as indicated by the presence of cyanase (cynS) and urease (ureC) genes.

Methods

Here we examine the Hawaii Ocean Time series, two stations in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific ODZ and one in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific ODZ, using phylogenetic read placement of metagenomic reads to define the proportion of each taxon capable of using cyanate and/or urea in oxic and anoxic environments.

Results

An improved phylogenetic tree found that Thioglobaceae and Verrucomicrobia had the capability to use urea. Our detailed examination of all the microbial groups able to use cyanate and urea illuminated that niche differentiation, an adaptation to minimize competition, determines chosen nitrogen sources, partitioning by depth and oxygen. Urease genes were found in Picocyanobacteria and SAR11 in surface waters, Thaumarchaeota and Nitrospina in deep waters, Thioglobaceae and Cand. Scalindua in ODZs, and Verrucomicrobia in the deep oxycline. In the ODZs, the percentage of Anammox bacteria that contained cynS was double that of those containing ureC, and their cynS transcripts were abundant, indicating a preference for cyanate over urea.

Discussion

While Prochlorococcus could utilize cyanate in the deep chlorophyll maximum, in the ODZs, Prochlorococcus uses nitrite rather than compete with Cand. Scalindua for cyanate, even though cyanate is present. SAR11 and Prochlorococcus may compete for urea in surface waters, but for SAR11, the presence of ureC was negatively correlated with nitrate concentration (p = 10−17), with ~ 40% of SAR11 genomes containing the ureC gene in oxic surface waters but none at depth, indicating that SAR11 bacteria switched to using nitrate when available. In the oxycline above the ODZ, where Thaumarchaeota and Nitrospina both could use urea, 50% of Nitrospina were also able to use cyanate, and their cyanase transcripts were present. This use of dissolved organic N should allow a higher biomass of N-cycling microbes and higher N-transformation rates than in a system competing for ammonia only.
Sodium fluctuation as a parameter in predicting mortality in general hospitalized patients
Authors: Liang Siyu , Sun Lize , Zhang Yuelun , Zhang Qi , Jiang Nan , Zhu Huijuan , Chen Shi , Pan Hui
Published: July 2024

Background

Dysnatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients. Sodium fluctuation level may be a better parameter in dysnatremia management. We aimed to examine the association between sodium fluctuation level during hospitalization and mortality and to evaluate its value in predicting poor prognosis among general hospitalized patients.

Methods

Data were collected from patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The generalized estimated equation (GEE) was used to examine the relationship between sodium fluctuation level and mortality. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to calculate the optimal cutoff value and the area under the ROC curve (AUC).

Results

Sodium fluctuation level showed a dose-dependent association with increased mortality in general hospitalized patients. After adjusting age, sex, length of hospital stay, and Charlson comorbidity index, the ORs of group G2 to G6 were 5.92 (95% CI 5.16–6.79), 26.45 (95% CI 22.68–30.86), 50.71 (95% CI 41.78–61.55), 104.38 (95% CI 81.57–133.58), and 157.64 (95% CI 112.83–220.24), respectively, p trend <0.001. Both normonatremia and dysnatremia patients on admission had the dose-dependent associations similar to general hospitalized patients. The AUC of sodium fluctuation level was 0.868 (95% CI 0.859–0.877) in general hospitalized patients, with an optimal cutoff point of 7.5 mmol/L, a sensitivity of 76.5% and a specificity of 84.2%.

Conclusion

We determined that sodium fluctuation level had a dose-dependent association with increased mortality in general hospitalized patients. Sodium fluctuation level could be used to develop a single parameter system in predicting mortality in general hospitalized patients with acceptable accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
AI-driven generalized polynomial transformation models for unsupervised fundus image registration
Authors: Chen Xu , Fan Xiaochen , Meng Yanda , Zheng Yalin
Published: July 2024

We introduce a novel AI-driven approach to unsupervised fundus image registration utilizing our Generalized Polynomial Transformation (GPT) model. Through the GPT, we establish a foundational model capable of simulating diverse polynomial transformations, trained on a large synthetic dataset to encompass a broad range of transformation scenarios. Additionally, our hybrid pre-processing strategy aims to streamline the learning process by offering model-focused input. We evaluated our model's effectiveness on the publicly available AREDS dataset by using standard metrics such as image-level and parameter-level analyzes. Linear regression analysis reveals an average Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9876 across all quadratic transformation parameters. Image-level evaluation, comprising qualitative and quantitative analyzes, showcases significant improvements in Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) scores, indicating its robust performance. Notably, precise matching of the optic disc and vessel locations with minimal global distortion are observed. These findings underscore the potential of GPT-based approaches in image registration methodologies, promising advancements in diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease monitoring in ophthalmology and beyond.
Clinical and imaging features of pulmonary mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Hu Xianwen , Zhao Wei , Li Fangming , Wang Pan , Cai Jiong
Published: July 2024

Pulmonary mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma (MSGP) is a rare benign lung tumor with both squamous and glandular epithelial components. Reports on primary lung MSGP are few, and the aim of this study is to describe the imaging, including computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) findings, and histopathological characteristics of a case of MSGP in our hospital. A 53-year-old woman with no smoking history who underwent a chest CT scan revealed a nodule in the upper lobe of the left lung. The solid nodule showed no lobulation or spiculation but demonstrated significant enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT and increased fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake on PET. Moreover, a literature review identified 19 cases of lung MSGPs involving imaging findings, including CT and/or PET imaging. Except for one patient with a ground glass nodule, the rest were solid and ranged in size from 0.7 to 8.2 cm, which can present as a mildly to significantly increased 18F-FDG uptake on PET. MSGP is a rare benign tumor entity, and understanding its imaging findings and pathological immunohistochemical characteristics will help to improve the accurate diagnosis of MSGP so as to avoid unnecessary lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection.
Association of modified dementia risk score with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and cognition in adults without dementia
Authors: Li Qiong-Yao , Fu Yan , Cui Xin-Jing , Wang Zuo-Teng , Tan Lan ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the cognitive profile and prospective cognitive changes in non-demented adults with elevated Modified Dementia Risk Scores (MDRS), while also exploring the potential relationship between these associations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and neuroinflammation.

Methods

Within the Chinese Alzheimer’s Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) database, 994 participants without dementia were assessed on MDRS, CSF biomarkers and cognition. We examined the associations of the MDRS with CSF biomarkers and cognitive scores using linear regressions. Causal mediation analyses were conducted to analyze the associations among MDRS, brain pathologies, and cognition. The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study was used to validate the mediation effects and to investigate the longitudinal association between MDRS and cognitive decline.

Results

The results revealed that higher MDRS were linked to poorer cognitive performance (Model 1: PFDR < 0.001; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001) and increases in CSF levels of phosphorylated tau (P-tau, Model 1: PFDR < 0.001; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001), total tau (T-tau, Model 1: PFDR < 0.001; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001), P-tau/Aβ42 ratio (Model 1: PFDR = 0.023; Model 2: PFDR = 0.028), T-tau/Aβ42 ratio (Model 1: PFDR < 0.001; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTrem2, Model 1: PFDR < 0.001; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001) in the CABLE study. The impact of MDRS on cognition was partially mediated by neuroinflammation and tau pathology. These mediation effects were replicated in the ADNI study. Baseline MDRS were significantly associated with future cognitive decline, as indicated by lower scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE, Model 1: PFDR = 0.045; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001), ADNI composite memory score (ADNI-MEM, Model 1: PFDR = 0.005; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001), ADNI composite executive function score (ADNI-EF, Model 1: PFDR = 0.045; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001), and higher score on the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS13, Model 1: PFDR = 0.045; Model 2: PFDR < 0.001).

Discussion

The findings of this study revealed significant associations between MDRS and cognitive decline, suggesting a potential role of tau pathology and neuroinflammation in the link between MDRS and poorer cognitive performance in individuals without dementia. Consequently, the MDRS holds promise as a tool for targeted preventive interventions in individuals at high risk of cognitive impairment.
Prospective randomized controlled trial on the safety and neuroprotective efficacy of remote administration of hypothermia over spleen during acute ischemic stroke with mechanical thrombectomy: rationale, design, and protocol
Authors: Duan Honglian , Cheng Zhe , Geng Xiaokun , Rajah Gary B. , Gao Jie , Guo Yang , Cai Lipeng , Tong Yanna , Li Fengwu , Jiang Qian , Han Zhenzhen , Ding Yuchuan
Published: July 2024

Background

Brain inflammation plays a key role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and is the main cause of “ineffective or futile recanalization” after successful mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). One of the primary sources of inflammatory cells after AIS are derived from the spleen. As an innovative and potential neuroprotective strategy after stroke, Remote Administration of Hypothermia (RAH) temporarily suppresses immune activities in the spleen, reduces the release of inflammatory cells and cytokines into blood, and thus reversibly diminishes inflammatory injury in the brain.

Methods

This single-center, prospective, randomized controlled study (RCT) is proposed for AIS patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO). Subjects will be randomly assigned to either the control or intervention groups in a 1:1 ratio (n = 40). Participants allocated to the intervention group will receive RAH on the abdomen above the spleen prior to recanalization until 6 h after thrombectomy. All enrolled patients will receive standard stroke Guideline care. The main adverse events associated with RAH are focal cold intolerance and abdominal pain. The primary outcome will assess safety as it pertains to RAH application. The secondary outcomes include the efficacy of RAH on spleen, determined by spleen volumes, blood inflammatory factor (cells and cytokines), and on brain injury, determined by infarction volumes and poststroke functional outcomes.

Discussion

This study aims to examine the safety and preliminary effectiveness of RAH over the spleen during endovascular therapy in AIS patients. The results of this study are expected to facilitate larger randomized clinical trials and hopefully prove RAH administration confers adjuvant neuroprotective properties in AIS treated with MT.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn/. Identifier ChiCTR 2300077052.
Association between UCP2 gene 3’UTR I/D and A55V polymorphisms and neural tube defects susceptibility: systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Tian Haokun , Guan Zhen , Li Shen , Wang Jianhua
Published: July 2024

Aim

Our study aimed to assess the association between UCP2 gene 3’ untranslated region insertion/deletion (3’UTR I/D) and A55V (alanine/valine) polymorphisms and neural tube defects (NTDs) susceptibility.

Materials and methods

According to pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the article search was conducted to search articles published before October 2023. Two authors independently screened the included articles and extracted their basic characteristics. After quality evaluation, the meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were conducted using RevMan 5.4, Stata/MP 17, and TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on country and case group composition. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using a one-by-one exclusion method. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to evaluate publication bias.

Results

A total of seven articles were included. Overall meta-analysis revealed significant heterogeneity among the included studies for 3’UTR I/D polymorphism of the UCP2 gene. Significant statistical data indicated that those with the DD genotype and D allele had higher chances of NTD compared to those with the II genotype and the I allele, respectively. The combined result of II vs. ID was not statistically significant. A55V variation showed no statistical significance in the risk of NTD, despite the absence of significant heterogeneity across the included studies. Most of the heterogeneity was resolved after subgrouping, and a higher risk of the ID genotype was found than the II genotype for Chinese people. Genotyping NTD patients or their mothers was not a factor affecting the heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis suggested that positive findings supported our results.

Conclusion

The UCP2 gene 3’UTR I/D polymorphism increased the likelihood of developing NTDs in the Chinese population, with the D allele being the risk factor, which contributed to the understanding of the genetic basis of NTDs. TSA indicated that more high-quality original studies were needed in the future for further validation.
The effects of exergames for cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and metaanalysis
Authors: Cai Xiaowan , Xu Liya , Zhang Hanyue , Sun Tingting , Yu Jingjing , Jia Xiao , Hou Xiao , Sun Ruizhe , Pang Jian
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Exergames are an innovative method that can promote neuroplasticity and improve the cognitive abilities of the elderly. This study aimed to compare the effects of single-task and multi-task exergames on the cognitive ability of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

Computerized literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Elsevier, ProQuest, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and VIP database to identify relevant articles from the establishment of the database from inception to April 1, 2024. The inclusion criteria were: (i) participants aged 60 or older diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment, regardless of gender; (ii) use of randomized controlled trials (RCTs); (iii) interventions involving exergames with physical activity or as the primary variable; and (iv) outcome measures using standardized neuropsychological instruments to assess cognitive function, including statistical data on sample size, mean, and standard deviation. Finally, the included study comprised a total of 526 participants. Mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to synthesize the effect size in the data.

Results

11 studies were included. Due to the differences in the intervention methods, subgroup analysis was performed on the included research. Compared with the control group assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, the single-task intervention improved the cognitive ability of the elderly with MCI (MD 3.40, 95% CI 2.43–4.37), the Mini-Mental State Examination Scale (MD 2.38, 95% CI −2.03 to 2.72), the Trail Making Test (MD −3.89, 95% CI −6.45 to −1.33), and the Digit Span Forward test (MD 1.16, 95% CI 0.73–1.60).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis supports that exergames could be an effective cognitive rehabilitation method for MCI patients. Our study recommends that patients implement a customized exergames program and adhere to it for a long time. It is necessary to pay attention to the exercise guidelines and provide evidence from clinicians.

Strengths and limitations of this study

(1) This meta-analysis supports that exergames could be an effective cognitive rehabilitation method for MCI patients. Our study recommends that patients implement a customized exergames program and adhere to it for a long time. It is necessary to pay attention to the exercise guidelines and provide evidence from clinicians. (2) This research provides preliminary evidence for the clinical utility of VR tasks developed for mild cognitive impairment. (3) In this paper, only relevant studies in Chinese and English were searched, and no studies in other languages were searched.
Risk of drug-induced angioedema: a pharmacovigilance study of FDA adverse event reporting system database
Authors: Fan Maoxia , Niu Kaibin , Wu Xiaoqi , Shi Hongshuo
Published: July 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to identify drug adverse reaction signals associated with angioedema. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for clinical drug safety considerations.

Methods

The Open Vigil 2.1 data platform was utilized to collect adverse event reports related to angioedema from the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2023. The reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR) were employed as disproportionality measures to detect adverse reaction signals Sof drugs associated with angioedema.

Results

A total of 38,921 reports were retrieved, with the majority being reported by healthcare professionals. The analysis included predominantly adult patients (≥18 years of age), with slightly higher representation of females compared to males. Among the top 30 drugs associated with the occurrence of angioedema, 24 drugs showed positive signals in the risk analysis. Based on the individual drug reporting odds ratio (95% confidence interval) as a measure of risk signal strength, the top five drugs are as follows: lisinopril [ROR (95% CI): 46.43 (42.59–50.62)], enalapril [ROR (95% CI): 43.51 (39.88–47.46)], perindopril [ROR (95% CI): 31.17 (27.5–35.32)], alteplase [ROR (95% CI): 29.3 (26.95–31.85)], ramipril [ROR (95% CI): 20.93 (19.66–22.28)]. After categorizing the drugs, the strongest positive signal was observed in the antithrombotic agents [ROR (95% CI): 22.53 (21.16–23.99)], following that, cardiovascular drugs [ROR (95% CI): 9.17 (8.87–9.48)], antibiotics [ROR (95% CI): 6.42 (5.91–6.96)], immunosuppressors [ROR (95% CI): 5.95 (5.55–6.39)], anti-inflammatory analgesics [ROR (95% CI): 4.65 (4.45–4.86)], antiallergic drugs [ROR (95% CI): 4.47 (3.99–5)], antiasthmatics [ROR (95% CI): 2.49 (2.14–2.89)], blood sugar control drugs [ROR (95% CI): 1.65 (1.38–1.97)], and digestive system drugs [ROR (95% CI): 1.59 (1.45–1.74)] exhibited progressively decreasing ROR values.

Conclusion

Many medications are associated with a high risk of angioedema. These medications play a crucial and potentially preventable role in controlling the occurrence of angioedema. It is essential to consider the risk level of drug-induced angioedema in clinical practice to optimize medication therapy.
Multitasking while studying – grit moderates the relationship of situational motivation and multitasking
Authors: Bachmann Olga , Grunschel Carola , Fries Stefan
Published: July 2024

Multitasking during studying is frequent among students. In this experience sampling study we examine if multitasking during studying can be explained by situational study motivation and the personality trait grit; and if grit moderates the relationship of situational motivation and multitasking. Eighty-eight students participated. All participants planned to write an important exam within the upcoming 2 weeks. Situational motivation was conceptualized along the lines of self-determination theory, differentiating between autonomous and controlled motivation. Also, we assessed students’ grit. Hypotheses were tested using multilevel modeling in MPlus. As predicted, students multitasked less when situational study motivation was autonomous (vs. controlled). Contrary to predictions, we did not find a significant main effect of grit on multitasking. However, the interaction effect was significant, indicating that in situations with relatively controlled study motivation grittier students are more likely to refrain from multitasking than their less gritty peers.
Applying a clinical staging model in patients affected by schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Authors: de Filippis Renato , Carbone Elvira Anna , Rania Marianna , Aloi Matteo , Segura-Garcia Cristina , De Fazio Pasquale
Published: July 2024

Background

Clinical staging, already widespread in medicine, represents a new frontier in psychiatry. Our goal was to convert the existing theoretical staging model for schizophrenia into a feasible tool to have a timely assessment of patients’ health status applicable in any psychiatric facility.

Methods

We assessed the empirical soundness of a staging model for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), primarily centered on their current status. This model delineated six sequential stages (1, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, and 4) based on factors like symptom recurrence, persistence, and progression, including functional decline. Our analysis involved data from 137 individuals affected by SSDs. We examined 22 baseline variables, 23 construct-related variables, and 31 potentially modifiable clinical variables.

Results

The latter stages demonstrated significantly poorer outcomes compared to the early stages across various measures, indicating medium to large effect sizes and a dose–response pattern. This pattern confirmed the validity of the model. Notably, stages 2 and 3A exhibited pronounced differences in comparison to other stages, although variables from each validation category also distinguished between consecutive stages, particularly 3A and beyond.

Conclusion

Baseline predictors, such as familial predisposition to schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental impairment, childhood adversities, treatment delay, negative symptoms, neurological impairment, and inadequate early response to treatment, independently largely explained the staging variance. The clinical staging model, grounded in the extended course of psychosis, exhibited sound validity and feasibility, even without the use of biological or neuroimaging markers, which could greatly improve the sensitivity of the model. These findings provide insights into stage indicators and predictors of clinical stages from the onset of psychosis.
Serotoninergic antidepressants combination in psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy: a case report
Authors: Do André , Michaud Vanessa , Stephan Jean-François , Moreau Miltiadis , Benoît Élise , Bérubé Félix-Antoine , Bibaud-De Serres Antoine , Taillefer Alain , Vincent Philippe
Published: July 2024

Psilocybin has reemerged as a promising treatment for difficult-to-treat depression (DTD). Although there is limited evidence regarding interactions between psilocybin and other psychotropic drugs, clinical trials require that patients discontinue their antidepressants before study entry to isolate the benefits of psilocybin and to minimize the risk of adverse events. We present the first case of an adult patient with DTD who received psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) in combination with two serotoninergic antidepressants (duloxetine and vortioxetine). Since he displayed a partial response after the first PAP session, he agreed to discontinue duloxetine (but refused to stop vortioxetine) before the second PAP session to see if it could improve the therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin. However, his anxiety and depressive symptoms worsened. Psilocybin was well-tolerated in both PAP sessions; mild headaches were the main adverse effects experienced by the patient, and there were no cardiovascular safety concerns. This case report suggests that serotoninergic antidepressants combination with psilocybin appears to be safe and that antidepressant discontinuation prior to PAP may not be necessary. Since the continuation of antidepressants during PAP has the potential to improve treatment acceptability and accessibility, future research should assess whether psilocybin can be administered concurrently with antidepressants.
Preparation and validation of the instrument “QualiAPS digital—Brazil” for assessing digital health care in primary health care: a required tool
Authors: de Figueirêdo Renan Cabral , de Siqueira Silva Ísis , de Araújo Aguinaldo José , Silva Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira , Martiniano Cláudia Santos , Brito Ewerton William Gomes , Xavier Pedro Bezerra , da Costa Uchôa Severina Alice
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The use of Information and Communication Technologies in the field of health is increasing across the world, demarcating the field of digital health. The goal of this study is to formulate and validate a matrix of indicators, design assessment scripts and indicate data collection techniques for assessing the quality of digital health care in Brazilian Primary Health Care (PHC).

Methodology

This is a validation study divided into three phases: preparation of the instrument, analysis of validity and pilot study. The instrument was prepared based on the PHC assessment model from a literature review; the analysis of validity used the Delphi technique associated with the nominal group and the evidence from the literature reference. In the pilot study, audio-recorded interviews were conducted with strategic primary care actors.

Results

The matrix of indicators “QualiAPS Digital—Brazil” introduces a set of 37 indicators, distributed into three distinct components and their respective dimensions. The component “Structure” includes the dimension “Resources”; the component “Processes” includes the dimensions “Technical,” “Organizational” and “Relational”; and the component “Results” includes the dimensions “Short-Term Results” and “Medium-Term Results.” The general values obtained for CVI and IRR were 0.89 and 1.00; respectively. Therefore, it was possible to design assessment scripts and indicate qualitative data collection techniques for assessing digital health in Brazilian PHC.

Conclusion

The instrument presented was validated regarding its relevance, content and theoretical support to evaluate the quality of digital health care, supporting decision-making by managers and health professionals in the search for improving remote primary care provided to the population.
Evaluation of a football fitness implementation initiative for an older adult population in a small-scale island society
Authors: Skoradal May-Britt , Sjúrðarson Tórur , Olsen Helgi Winther , Leifsson Eli Nolsøe , Pelikan Vincent , Mohr Magni , Davidsen Annika Helgadóttir
Published: July 2024

Background

The proportion of older people increases globally, which calls for sustainable interventions promoting healthy aging. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the potential of Football Fitness as a sustainable model to promote quality of life, mental health, and physical function for older adult.

Methods

The study was conducted in collaboration with a municipality, a football club, and a university, and was designed as a randomized controlled trial. A total of 66 people (34 women, 32 men) older than 60 years were randomly assigned (60/40) to a Football Fitness (FOT) (n = 38, 20 women, 18 men) and a control group (CON) (n = 28, 14 women, 14 men). FOT participated in Football Fitness for 12 weeks. Quality of life (QoL) and mental wellbeing were determined pre-and post-intervention. Physical loading and Flow experience were measured in one representative training session. Blood pressure (BP), Yo–Yo Intermittent endurance test level 1 (Yo–Yo IE1), sprint performance, postural balance, and body composition were also performed pre-and post-intervention.

Results

An improvement in mental wellbeing was observed for both groups from pre- to post-intervention (p values <0.001) with no between-group differences. Regarding QoL, the environment domain improved in FOT compared to CON (p = 0.02). Mean Flow (M = 5.69; SD = 1.07) and perceived importance (M = 4.20; SD = 1.42) and average experienced difficulty was M = 5.23 (SD = 2.67), perceived skill (M = 5.23; SD = 2.56), and perceived balance (M = 5.64; SD = 1.56). These levels of flow can be characterized as being high. A between-group effect (p = 0.02) existed for systolic BP, which decreased (p < 0.01) by −5% [−8; −1%] in CON and remained unchanged in FOT. Both groups improved the Yo–Yo IE1 to a similar extent, with 28% [11; 44%] (p = 0.001) in FOT and 27% [9; 46%] in CON (p = 0.005). Postural balance improved (p = 0.004) by 38% [13; 63%] in FOT only, resulting in a superior (p = 0.01) balance score in FOT compared to CON post-intervention (p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Football Fitness improved the environmental quality of life domain and postural balance in older adults. Additionally, it appears to be a feasible group activity for older adults that promotes high flow and physical loading during training.
The Longevity Med Summit: insights on healthspan from cell to society
Authors: Falshaw Natalie , Sagner Michael , Siow Richard C.
Published: July 2024

In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift with regards to ageing, challenging its traditional perception as an inevitable and natural process. Researchers have collectively identified hallmarks of ageing, nine of which were initially proposed in 2013 and expanded in 2023 to include disabled macroautophagy, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis, enhancing our understanding of the ageing process at microscopic, cellular, and system-wide levels. Strategies to manipulate these hallmarks present opportunities for slowing, preventing, or reversing age-related diseases, thereby promoting longevity. The interdependence of these hallmarks underscores the necessity of a comprehensive, systems-based approach to address the complex processes contributing to ageing. As a primary risk factor for various diseases, ageing diminishes healthspan, leading to extended periods of compromised health and multiple age-related conditions towards the end of life. The significant gap between healthspan and lifespan holds substantial economic and societal implications. The inaugural Longevity Med Summit (4–5 May 2023, Cascais, Portugal) provided an international forum to discuss the academic and industry landscape of healthy longevity research, preventive medicine and clinical practice to enhance healthspan.
Summarizing multiple aspects of triple collocation analysis in a single diagram
Authors: Siu Leong Wai , Zeng Xubin , Sorooshian Armin , Cairns Brian , Ferrare Richard A. , Hair Johnathan W. , Hostetler Chris A. , Painemal David , Schlosser Joseph S.
Published: July 2024

With the ongoing expansion of global observation networks, it is expected that we shall routinely analyze records of geophysical variables such as temperature from multiple collocated instruments. Validating datasets in this situation is not a trivial task because every observing system has its own bias and noise. Triple collocation is a general statistical framework to estimate the error characteristics in three or more observational-based datasets. In a triple colocation analysis, several metrics are routinely reported but traditional multiple-panel plots are not the most effective way to display information. A new formula of error variance is derived for connecting the key terms in the triple collocation theory. A diagram based on this formula is devised to facilitate triple collocation analysis of any data from observations, as illustrated using three aerosol optical depth datasets from the recent Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE). An observational-based skill score is also derived to evaluate the quality of three datasets by taking into account both error variance and correlation coefficient. Several applications are discussed and sample plotting routines are provided.
Climate vulnerability of agroecological and conventional smallholders in Mvomero district, Tanzania: using mixed-methods to uncover local experiences and motivations of farming for the future
Authors: Johansson Emma , Martin Respikius , Mapunda Kenneth
Published: July 2024

Changing rainfall patterns make farmers increasingly vulnerable to crop failure, income loss and food insecurity. Agroecology is proposed to reduce climate vulnerabilities of farmers, as such practices and social movement aim to create more resilient farm and food systems. It is however fairly unknown if, and to what extent, agroecological farmers are better able to cope with climate induced exposures as compared to conventional smallholders. We conducted 194 surveys with agroecological and conventional smallholders to explore the three components of climate vulnerability: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. We combined this with field observations and interviews, and an analysis of long-term rainfall data. We also followed up the initial survey analysis with additional focus group discussions. Just as climate change occurs incrementally over time, we highlight modest, yet important differences between conventional and agroecological farmers. We find that agroecological farmers are less vulnerable to short-term dry spells, due to a combination of farming practices that improve soil water retention, like mulching and the use of cover crops. However, the use of botanicals might induce new vulnerabilities, as their processing requires additional labor, and sometimes expenditures, and may not protect the crops from pests and diseases. We also find limitations to agroecology in terms of scale, as most farmers are unable to use botanicals on all their farmland. Yet, agroecological farmers process and apply botanicals for health benefits both in production and consumption of foods, and they can occasionally sell their organic farm products for a higher price than conventional famers. With this study, we emphasize that farmers’ reasons to practice agroecology is not just to boost productivity and become more climate resilient, but rather for improving the long-term health of producers, consumers, soils and the environment.
Narrative review of patient-specific 3D visualization and reality technologies in skull base neurosurgery: enhancements in surgical training, planning, and navigation
Authors: Isikay Ilkay , Cekic Efecan , Baylarov Baylar , Tunc Osman , Hanalioglu Sahin
Published: July 2024

Recent advances in medical imaging, computer vision, 3-dimensional (3D) modeling, and artificial intelligence (AI) integrated technologies paved the way for generating patient-specific, realistic 3D visualization of pathological anatomy in neurosurgical conditions. Immersive surgical simulations through augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MxR), extended reality (XR), and 3D printing applications further increased their utilization in current surgical practice and training. This narrative review investigates state-of-the-art studies, the limitations of these technologies, and future directions for them in the field of skull base surgery. We begin with a methodology summary to create accurate 3D models customized for each patient by combining several imaging modalities. Then, we explore how these models are employed in surgical planning simulations and real-time navigation systems in surgical procedures involving the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial skull bases, including endoscopic and open microsurgical operations. We also evaluate their influence on surgical decision-making, performance, and education. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that these technologies can enhance the visibility of the neuroanatomical structures situated at the cranial base and assist surgeons in preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation, thus showing great potential to improve surgical results and reduce complications. Maximum effectiveness can be achieved in approach selection, patient positioning, craniotomy placement, anti-target avoidance, and comprehension of spatial interrelationships of neurovascular structures. Finally, we present the obstacles and possible future paths for the broader implementation of these groundbreaking methods in neurosurgery, highlighting the importance of ongoing technological advancements and interdisciplinary collaboration to improve the accuracy and usefulness of 3D visualization and reality technologies in skull base surgeries.