bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in computational and experimental approaches for deciphering transcriptional regulatory networks
Authors: Moeckel Camille , Mouratidis Ioannis , Chantzi Nikol , Uzun Yasin , Georgakopoulos‐Soares Ilias
Published: May 2024

Understanding the influence of cis‐regulatory elements on gene regulation poses numerous challenges given complexities stemming from variations in transcription factor (TF) binding, chromatin accessibility, structural constraints, and cell‐type differences. This review discusses the role of gene regulatory networks in enhancing understanding of transcriptional regulation and covers construction methods ranging from expression‐based approaches to supervised machine learning. Additionally, key experimental methods, including MPRAs and CRISPR‐Cas9‐based screening, which have significantly contributed to understanding TF binding preferences and cis‐regulatory element functions, are explored. Lastly, the potential of machine learning and artificial intelligence to unravel cis‐regulatory logic is analyzed. These computational advances have far‐reaching implications for precision medicine, therapeutic target discovery, and the study of genetic variations in health and disease.
Development of time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay with enhanced fluorescence reaction for the quantitation of atezolizumab in plasma
Authors: Darwish Ibrahim A. , Alzoman Nourah Z. , Khalil Nehal N. , Alsalhi Mohammed S.
Published: May 2024

Atezolizumab (ATZ) is a human monoclonal antibody, which has been granted multiple approvals from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the immunotherapy of different types of cancer. This study describes the prototype of a time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) for the quantitation of ATZ in plasma. The assay involved the non‐competitive binding of ATZ to its specific antigen [programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) protein]. The immune complex formed on the inner surface of the assay plate wells was quantified by anti‐human secondary antibody labeled with a chelate of europium‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The enhanced fluorescence signal was generated by an enhanced fluorescence solution composed of thenoyltrifluoroacetone, trioctylphosphine oxide, and Triton X‐100. The conditions of the TRFIA were refined, and its optimum procedures were established. The assay was validated in accordance with the immunoassay validation guidelines, and all the validation parameters were acceptable. The working range of the assay was 20–1000 pg mL−1, and its limit of quantitation was 20 pg mL−1. The assay was applied to the quantitation of ATZ in plasma samples with satisfactory accuracy and precision. The proposed TRFIA has significant benefits over the existing methodologies for the quantitation of ATZ in clinical settings.
Role of the prefrontal cortical protease TACE/ADAM17 in neurobehavioral responses to chronic stress during adolescence
Authors: Sharafeddin Fransua , Sierra Julio , Ghaly Mina , Simon Timothy B. , Ontiveros‐Ángel Perla , Edelbach Brandon , Febo Marcelo , Labus Jennifer , Figueroa Johnny D.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Chronic adolescent stress profoundly affects prefrontal cortical networks regulating top‐down behavior control. However, the neurobiological pathways contributing to stress‐induced alterations in the brain and behavior remain largely unknown. Chronic stress influences brain growth factors and immune responses, which may, in turn, disrupt the maturation and function of prefrontal cortical networks. The tumor necrosis factor alpha‐converting enzyme/a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (TACE/ADAM17) is a sheddase with essential functions in brain maturation, behavior, and inflammatory responses. This study aimed to determine the impact of stress on the prefrontal cortex and whether TACE/ADAM17 plays a role in these responses.

Methods

We used a Lewis rat model that incorporates critical elements of chronic psychosocial stress, such as uncontrollability, unpredictability, lack of social support, and re‐experiencing of trauma.

Results

Chronic stress during adolescence reduced the acoustic startle reflex and social interactions while increasing extracellular free water content and TACE/ADAM17 mRNA levels in the medial prefrontal cortex. Chronic stress altered various ethological behavioral domains in the observation home cages (decreased ingestive behaviors and increased walking, grooming, and rearing behaviors). A group of rats was injected intracerebrally either with a novel Accell™ SMARTpool TACE/ADAM17 siRNA or a corresponding siRNA vehicle (control). The RNAscope Multiplex Fluorescent v2 Assay was used to visualize mRNA expression. Automated puncta quantification and analyses demonstrated that TACE/ADAM17 siRNA administration reduced TACE/ADAM17 mRNA levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (59% reduction relative to control). We found that the rats that received prefrontal cortical TACE/ADAM17 siRNA administration exhibited altered eating patterns (e.g., increased food intake and time in the feeding zone during the light cycle).

Conclusion

This study supports that the prefrontal cortex is sensitive to adolescent chronic stress and suggests that TACE/ADAM17 may be involved in the brain responses to stress.
From crisis to prosperity: Leveraging robots, artificial intelligence, and service automation for sustainable tourism in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chiwaridzo Option Takunda , Chiwaridzo Shingirirai
Published: May 2024

In an increasingly digital and interconnected world, the integration of advanced technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), and service automation has become pivotal for shaping the future of various industries, including tourism. The paper investigates complex relationship between three independent variables: (robotic adoption, AI adoption, and service automation adoption) and three dependent variables: (social sustainability, economic sustainability, and environmental sustainability). Employing a quantitative research approach, the study gathered data from 608 randomly selected tourism supply chain stakeholders using the Krejcie and Morgan table to determine the sample size. Data collection was facilitated through Google Forms questionnaires, and the analysis relied on structural equation modeling. The statistical findings highlight positive direct significant relationships among these variables, as evidenced byt‐statistic values surpassing the threshold of 1.96. These values ranged from a minimum of 2.156 to a maximum of 10.083. These results suggest that by strategically integrating these technologies, tourism businesses and policymakers in Zimbabwe can enhance tourist experience, the industry's long‐term viability and its positive impact on society, the economy, and the environment. This study's outcomes provide a compelling foundation for informed decision‐making and the development of targeted strategies aimed at advancing sustainability objectives within the Zimbabwean tourism landscape.
Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats by Egyptian Sidr Honey
Authors: El‐Aarag Bishoy , Shehata Sahar Bahgat , El‐Garawani Islam M. , El‐Seedi Hesham R. , Nofal Amany Ebrahim
Published: May 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a global health issue characterized by hyperglycemia which leads over time to severe damage to numerous tissues. The present study aimed to estimate the effect of Egyptian Sidr honey against streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes in rats. Diabetic rats were treated with Sidr honey daily for 4 consecutive weeks. The biochemical profile of blood samples was measured. Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, nitric oxide (NO), and malonaldehyde (MDA) were examined in hepatic and pancreatic tissues. Moreover, the expression of Bax, Caspase‐3, and Bcl2 proteins were measured. Results revealed that the capability of Sidr honey to decline the elevated blood glucose and fructosamine levels. Also, the honey decreased the levels of NO and MDA. Furthermore, it regulated the antioxidant enzymes activity. Moreover, it reduced the expression levels of Caspase‐3 and Bax while increased the Bcl2 level. In conclusion, Sidr honey can regulate hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and antioxidant enzymes in STZ‐induced diabetic rats.
Rationally Designed Peptoid Inhibitors of Amyloid‐β Oligomerization
Authors: Waugh Mihyun Lim , Wolf Lauren M. , Moore Kelly A. , Servoss Shannon L. , Moss Melissa A.
Published: May 2024

While plaques comprised of fibrillar Aβ aggregates are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, soluble Aβ oligomers present higher neurotoxicity. Thus, one therapeutic approach is to prevent the formation of Aβ oligomers and reduce their associated harmful effects. We have proposed a peptoid mimic of the Aβ hydrophobic KLVFF core as an ideal candidate aggregation inhibitor due to its ability to evade proteolytic degradation via repositioning of the side chain from the α‐carbon to the amide nitrogen. This peptoid, JPT1, utilizes chiral sidechains to achieve a helical structure, while C‐terminal addition of two phenylalanine residues places aromatic groups on two sides of the helix with spacing designed to facilitate interaction with amyloid β‐sheet structure. We have previously shown that JPT1 modulates Aβ fibril formation. Here, we demonstrate that JPT1 also modulates Aβ oligomerization, and we explore the role of the charge on the linker between the KLVFF mimic and the extended aromatic residues. Additionally, we demonstrate that peptoid‐induced changes in Aβ oligomerization correlate with attenuation of oligomer‐induced nuclear factor‐κB activation in SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. These findings support the therapeutic potential of peptoids to target early stages of Aβ aggregation and impact the associated Aβ‐induced cellular response.
A case of cytomegalovirus colitis initially misdiagnosed as colonic ischemia in an immunocompetent Japanese woman
Authors: Hamano Atsuro , Harada Shunsuke , Kobayashi Takaaki , Moody Sandra , Yoshida Akihito
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Cytomegalovirus colitis should be considered in a patient presenting with bloody stool even among immunocompetent patients.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder co‐existing with antiphospholipid syndrome: A case report
Authors: Edwin Gidion , Msagati Francis , Komanya Francisca , Alphonce Baraka , Meda John , Nyundo Azan
Published: May 2024

Key clinical message

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is an autoimmune disease, rarely presents with antiphospholipid syndrome. Diagnosis and management of NMOSD are challenging in the background of diverse presentations, especially in resource‐limited settings.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a progressive demyelinating autoimmune condition resulting from the autoantibodies produced against aquaporin‐4 (AQP‐4) proteins which are widely distributed in astrocytes in the nervous system. In the setting of NMOSD, it is very crucial to consider other autoimmune diseases as differential diagnoses or co‐occurrences due to the diversity of symptoms. NMOSD co‐exists with other autoimmune diseases such as myasthenia gravis, thyroid disease, ankylosing spondylitis, pernicious anemia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, ulcerative colitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Few cases of antiphospholipid syndrome co‐existing with NMOSD have been reported. In resource‐limited settings, the published data are scarce, and therefore, autoimmune diseases are poorly studied. Therefore, late diagnosis and delayed treatment initiation pose long‐term sequelae and hence poor prognosis. Here, we present a case of an African woman in her early 40s presenting with bilateral progressive loss of vision, transverse myelitis, extensive longitudinal hyperintense T2 cervical lesion, and AQP‐4 autoantibody keeping with NMOSD. The co‐existence of antiphospholipid syndrome, in this case, was supported by a history of recurrent pregnancy loss and positive antiphospholipid antibodies. This case underscores the importance of individualized‐based medicine, especially in resource‐limited settings.
Bilateral breast tuberculosis: A case report
Authors: Molla Yohannis Derbew , Iberahim Mohammed Alemu , Alemu Hirut Tesfahun , Abera Samuel Addisu
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Breast tuberculosis is a rare clinical condition that has the potential to imitate breast cancer or pyogenic abscess. It is crucial to consider this in patients who have resistant breast abscesses or persistent sinuses, particularly in high‐risk groups or locations. The main treatment for breast tuberculosis is antitubercular treatment.

Bilateral breast tuberculosis is a rare form of the disease that affects breasts. It is most commonly seen in young females, including nulliparous and lactating women. Diagnosis of bilateral breast tuberculosis can be challenging due to its similarity to other breast diseases, such as granulomatous mastitis and breast carcinoma. Patients from high‐risk groups and/or endemic locations who present with clinically suspicious breast lumps or refractory breast abscesses should have breast TB taken into consideration in their differential diagnosis. A 24‐year‐old Ethiopian female presented to the surgical outpatient department with a complaint of bilateral breast pain of 1‐year duration associated with a low‐grade fever, not associated with chills or rigor. She also has ulceration on the lower part of both breasts. It was followed by pus discharge from the right breast 6 months later. Investigations, including fine needle aspiration cytology, were suggestive of tuberculous mastitis. Later, the patient was treated with antituberculous drugs for 6 months, and the above symptoms subsided. Individuals with breast lesions who do not respond well to antibiotics should be suspected of having breast tuberculosis, especially if they are young and reside in or were born in a nation where the disease is prevalent.
Diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma with atypical presentation: A case report
Authors: Edwin Gidion , Mbishi Yohana , Zerd Francis , Komanya Francisca , Alphonce Baraka , Sindato Emmanuel
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Gastric adenocarcinoma can present uncommonly. This emphasizes the need for intensified vigilance in the absence of typical gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly in areas where infectious diseases are common.

Gastric adenocarcinoma, a common advanced‐age global malignancy is typically associated with abdominal symptoms. However, atypical presentations such as back pain and respiratory distress particularly in younger patients represent diagnostic challenges. We present a case of a late‐30s male who presented initially with back pain, shortness of breath, and constitutional symptoms. A diagnosis of tuberculosis was established presumptively with immediate initiation of treatment. Later on, he presented with abdominal pain and intractable vomiting. Oesophagoduodenoscopy (OGD), tissue histology, and immunohistochemistry confirmed a diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma. He died as a result of complications from an advanced disease. This particular instance emphasizes the importance of maintaining a high index of skepticism even in atypical presentations, as well as the significance of prompt OGD alongside potential genetic testing if any. Gastric adenocarcinoma should be contemplated by clinicians in a variety of clinical scenarios, especially when handling younger patients from settings with limited resources to facilitate timely diagnosis and effective treatment.
Hereditary epidermolytic palmoplantar keratosis due to a novel desmoglein‐1 mutation: A case report
Authors: Koschitzki Kevin , Kurz Bernadett , Schreml Julia , Fischer Judith , Hotz Alrun , Hammers Christoph M. , Berneburg Mark , Niebel Dennis , Schreml Stephan
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Keratosis palmoplantaris striata type I (SPPK‐I) is a rare autosomal‐dominant type of hereditary epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, which can be caused by mutations in desmoglein‐1 (DSG‐1). Patients suffer from hyperkeratotic plaques and painful palmoplantar fissures. Unfortunately, treatment options including salicylic vaseline, topical corticosteroids, phototherapy, and retinoids are inefficient.

Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) represent a heterogeneous group of rare skin disorders with epidermal palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Mutations in the desmoglein 1 gene (DSG1), a transmembrane glycoprotein, have been reported primarily in striate PPKs. We report a patient with keratosis palmoplantaris striata type I (SPPK‐I) with a specific pathogenic variant [c.349C>T, p.(Arg117*)] in DSG1. Despite increased understanding, effective treatment options for PPK, including SPPK‐I, remain limited.
Direct and TEMPO‐Mediated Electro‐Oxidation of 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)furfural in Organic and Hydro‐Organic Media
Authors: Vo Nhat Tam , Cacciuttolo Quentin , Pasquier David , Larmier Kim
Published: May 2024

Biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural (5‐HMF) is a promising starting substrate for producing two high value‐added products 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) and 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). DFF, which is produced by selectively oxidizing the hydroxymethyl group of 5‐HMF to an aldehyde group, has many applications in pharmaceuticals, macrocyclic ligands and fluorescent materials. Oxidizing both aldehyde and hydroxymethyl groups of 5‐HMF leads to FDCA, which is an important monomer in the production of a bioplastic polyethylene furanoate polymer. Electrochemical conversion of 5‐HMF is a potential route for sustainable chemical production of DFF and FDCA. In fact, using 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐ piperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) as a redox mediator leads to a highly efficient and selective electro‐oxidation of 5‐HMF into FDCA in a basic buffer solution. In this report, the direct and TEMPO‐mediated electro‐oxidation of 5‐HMF was investigated in various organic and hydro‐organic media at room temperature. Direct electro‐oxidation leads to a low selective conversion of 5‐HMF to DFF (10 % of yield) and the formation of unwanted products such as formic acid and protoanemonin (90 % and 37 % of yield respectively) in acetonitrile. Electrocatalytic 5‐HMF conversion in the presence of TEMPO as a redox mediator achieved a near‐quantitative yield of DFF in acetonitrile and γ‐valerolactone. Importantly, we demonstrate the role of water in the conversion of aldehydes to carboxylic acids.
Chiroptically active copper clusters as platform for enantioselective detection of lysine
Authors: Dutta Camelia , Nataraajan Ragul Vivaz , Kumar Jatish
Published: May 2024

Metal clusters have drawn considerable research attention over the years due to their fascinating optical properties. Owing to their appealing photophysical characteristics, these materials have drawn attention as potential candidates for various application in diverse fields, including disease detection, biosensing, chemical sensing, and the fabrication of light‐harvesting materials. Presently, there is an increasing research focus on the use of clusters in biomedical research, both as biodetection platform and as bioimaging agents. Of special interest are chiral clusters, which can selectively interact with chiral biomolecules owing to their optical activity. Herein, we showcase the use of a pair of chiroptically active copper clusters for the enantioselective detection of lysine, an amino acid of vast biological relevance. Two techniques are concurrently employed for the detection of lysine at varying concentrations. Circular dichroism serves as a potent tool for detecting lysine at low concentrations, whereas luminescence is effectively employed as a detection method for high analyte concentrations. The combined electronic impact of clusters and lysine resulted in the emergence of an enhanced enantioselective Cotton effect at specific wavelength.
Numerical simulation of natural convection in a rectangular enclosure filled with porous medium saturated with magnetic nanofluid using Buongiorno's two‐component model
Authors: Venkatadri K. , Murthy K. V. Narasimha , Bég Tasveer A. , Bég O. Anwar , Kuharat Sireetorn
Published: May 2024

Motivated by studying emerging nanofluid‐based magnetic fuel cells and hybrid direct absorber solar collectors, a numerical study is presented for buoyancy‐driven flow in a vertical enclosure containing a porous medium saturated with magnetized nanofluid flow under a transverse static magnetic field. The enclosure features adiabatic side walls and vertical heat slits, ensuring consistent cold temperatures on the lower and upper bounded walls. The side walls of the regime are insulated, and the hot slits are centrally located on these walls. The finite difference method (FDM) is applied to employ the transformed dimensionless vorticity–stream function (VSF) formulation of the transport equations. The impact of pertinent parameters on isotherm, streamline, iso‐concentration, and average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are visualized with contour plots and graphs. Increasing Darcy number values tend to amplify the isotherm magnitudes. Higher Hartmann (magnetic) number values, on the other hand, lead to a reduction in local Nusselt number profiles but do not significantly modify the local Sherwood number. The porous medium permeability, as simulated via the Darcy number, has a strong impact on streamlines, thermal contours, and iso‐concentrations. A reduction in Darcy's number suppresses local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, whereas an elevation in Rayleigh's number enhances them. Increasing the Buongiorno nanoscale Brownian motion parameter enhances local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers at both cold walls of the enclosure. The simulations provide a deeper insight into enclosure flows involving electrically conducting nanofluids in advanced processing systems for nanomaterials and hybrid fuel cells utilizing electromagnetic and liquid fuel technologies.
Top advances of the year: Perioperative therapy for lung cancer
Authors: Aredo Jacqueline V. , Wakelee Heather A.
Published: May 2024

Emerging data supporting the rise of perioperative immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as a standard of care in the treatment of early stage, surgically resectable non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) dominated the NSCLC news in 2023. Adjuvant pembrolizumab became the second adjuvant ICI to receive US Food and Drug Administration approval in early 2023 after the 2021 approval of adjuvant atezolizumab and the 2022 approval of neoadjuvant nivolumab with chemotherapy. Subsequently in 2023, multiple phase 3 trials examining perioperative ICIs were positive and demonstrated clinically meaningful outcomes by prolonging event‐free survival, improving pathologic complete response rates, and trending toward improved overall survival in most. Perioperative pembrolizumab became the first ICI to attain US Food and Drug Administration approval in this setting through the KEYNOTE‐671 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03425643), which also demonstrated a definitive overall survival benefit in the entire study population. However, questions remain regarding patient selection for either approach and how we can optimize biomarkers to determine who needs adjuvant therapy after surgery.
Comprehensive Study of Thiazole‐Orange‐Based DNA Dyes
Authors: Domahidy Farkas , Kovács Beatrix , Cseri Levente , Katona Gergely , Rózsa Balázs , Mucsi Zoltán , Kovács Ervin
Published: May 2024

The rapid advancement of biotechnology over the recent decades has amplified the importance of DNA detection and quantification assays. Many of these assays, such as gel electrophoresis, microscopy, flow cytometry, and the detection of amplification in quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), rely on the use of DNA‐binding fluorescent dyes. This article presents a comprehensive study of six Thiazole‐Orange‐based fluorescent DNA‐binding dyes: SYBR Safe, SYBR Green, Pico Green, SYTO‐16, SYTO‐9, and the benzothiazole‐based analogue (TOPhBu) of the latter. The selected DNA markers were synthesized at a 10‐milligram scale and characterised spectroscopically to quantify their fluorescence enhancement upon binding to double‐stranded DNA. The ability of the dyes to detect DNA at low concentrations was evaluated using two new metrics, absolute fluorescence enhancement (AFE) and relative fluorescence enhancement (RFE). Quantum chemical calculations shed new light on the mechanism of their fluorogenicity through modelling the excited state behaviour and DNA binding of the dyes. Their analytical performance was further tested in qPCR experiments. The experimental results of this work highlight some important differences in the sensitivity and qPCR efficiency of the studied DNA‐binding dyes which will facilitate the DNA marker selection for analytical purposes and the future development of novel DNA sensors.
Fluid‐rock interaction experiments with andesite at 100°C for potential carbon storage in geothermal reservoirs
Authors: Belshaw Grace E. , Steer Elisabeth , Ji Yukun , Azis Herwin , Sapiie Benyamin , Muljadi Bagus , Vandeginste Veerle
Published: May 2024

Geothermal energy extraction often results in the release of naturally occurring carbon dioxide (CO2) as a byproduct. Research on carbon storage using volcanic rock types other than basalt under both acidic and elevated temperature conditions has been limited so far. Our study uses batch reactor experiments at 100°C to investigate the dissolution of andesite rock samples obtained from an active geothermal reservoir in Sumatra (Indonesia). The samples are subjected to reactions with neutral‐pH fluids and acidic fluids, mimicking the geochemical responses upon reinjection of geothermal fluids, either without or with dissolved acidic gases, respectively. Chemical elemental analysis reveals the release of Ca2+ ions into the fluids through the dissolution of feldspar. The overall dissolution rate of the rock samples is 2.4 × 10–11 to 4.2 × 10–11 mol/(m2 · s), based on the Si release during the initial 7 h of the experiment. The dissolution rates are about two orders of magnitude lower than those reported for basaltic rocks under similar reaction conditions. This study offers valuable insights into the potential utilization of andesite reservoirs for effective CO2 storage via mineralization.
Application of Biaryl Phosphacycles in Palladium‐Catalysed Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Lamola Jairus L. , Moshapo Paseka T. , Holzapfel Cedric W. , Maumela Munaka Christopher
Published: May 2024

The use of Pd‐catalysts based on biaryl phosphacycles allowed facile Suzuki‐Miyaura couplings of a wide range of deactivated, sterically hindered, and heteroaryl chloride substrates with aryl boronic acids. Notably, the strongly electron‐deficient and sufficiently hindered biaryl phosphacycle ligand 7 consistently demonstrated effective performance.
Default mode network shows distinct emotional and contextual responses yet common effects of retrieval demands across tasks
Authors: Souter Nicholas E. , de Freitas Antonia , Zhang Meichao , Shao Ximing , del Jesus Gonzalez Alam Tirso Rene , Engen Haakon , Smallwood Jonathan , Krieger‐Redwood Katya , Jefferies Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

The default mode network (DMN) lies towards the heteromodal end of the principal gradient of intrinsic connectivity, maximally separated from the sensory‐motor cortex. It supports memory‐based cognition, including the capacity to retrieve conceptual and evaluative information from sensory inputs, and to generate meaningful states internally; however, the functional organisation of DMN that can support these distinct modes of retrieval remains unclear. We used fMRI to examine whether activation within subsystems of DMN differed as a function of retrieval demands, or the type of association to be retrieved, or both. In a picture association task, participants retrieved semantic associations that were either contextual or emotional in nature. Participants were asked to avoid generating episodic associations. In the generate phase, these associations were retrieved from a novel picture, while in the switch phase, participants retrieved a new association for the same image. Semantic context and emotion trials were associated with dissociable DMN subnetworks, indicating that a key dimension of DMN organisation relates to the type of association being accessed. The frontotemporal and medial temporal DMN showed a preference for emotional and semantic contextual associations, respectively. Relative to the generate phase, the switch phase recruited clusters closer to the heteromodal apex of the principal gradient—a cortical hierarchy separating unimodal and heteromodal regions. There were no differences in this effect between association types. Instead, memory switching was associated with a distinct subnetwork associated with controlled internal cognition. These findings delineate distinct patterns of DMN recruitment for different kinds of associations yet common responses across tasks that reflect retrieval demands.
Choir singing is associated with enhanced structural connectivity across the adult lifespan
Authors: Moisseinen Nella , Ahveninen Lotta , Martínez‐Molina Noelia , Sairanen Viljami , Melkas Susanna , Kleber Boris , Sihvonen Aleksi J. , Särkämö Teppo
Published: May 2024

The global ageing of populations calls for effective, ecologically valid methods to support brain health across adult life. Previous evidence suggests that music can promote white matter (WM) microstructure and grey matter (GM) volume while supporting auditory and cognitive functioning and emotional well‐being as well as counteracting age‐related cognitive decline. Adding a social component to music training, choir singing is a popular leisure activity among older adults, but a systematic account of its potential to support healthy brain structure, especially with regard to ageing, is currently missing. The present study used quantitative anisotropy (QA)‐based diffusion MRI connectometry and voxel‐based morphometry to explore the relationship of lifetime choir singing experience and brain structure at the whole‐brain level. Cross‐sectional multiple regression analyses were carried out in a large, balanced sample (N = 95; age range 21–88) of healthy adults with varying levels of choir singing experience across the whole age range and within subgroups defined by age (young, middle‐aged, and older adults). Independent of age, choir singing experience was associated with extensive increases in WM QA in commissural, association, and projection tracts across the brain. Corroborating previous work, these overlapped with language and limbic networks. Enhanced corpus callosum microstructure was associated with choir singing experience across all subgroups. In addition, choir singing experience was selectively associated with enhanced QA in the fornix in older participants. No associations between GM volume and choir singing were found. The present study offers the first systematic account of amateur‐level choir singing on brain structure. While no evidence for counteracting GM atrophy was found, the present evidence of enhanced structural connectivity coheres well with age‐typical structural changes. Corroborating previous behavioural studies, the present results suggest that regular choir singing holds great promise for supporting brain health across the adult life span.
Green intent or black smoke: Exploring investor sentiment on sustainable development
Authors: Su Chi Wei , Song Xin Yue , Qin Meng , Lobonţ Oana‐Ramona
Published: May 2024

The connections among fossil fuels, green bonds, and investors have undergone a substantial alteration due to the daunting difficulties posed by climate change risks and energy problems. This study employs quantile connection approaches to the dynamic spillover. The results indicate that extreme quantiles exhibit a higher degree of connectivity compared to the average quantile. In severe circumstances, risk spillover primarily emanates from fossil fuels, whereas investor sentiment (IS) is more vulnerable to the impact of related market hazards. The green bond (GBI) experiences a transition in its function, alternating between being a transmitter and a receiver. To summarise, comprehending the interrelation among these variables offers fresh perspectives for investment decision‐making and policy development to facilitate the shift towards sustainable energy and tackle the climate emergency.
On products of strong Skolem starters
Authors: Ogandzhanyants Oleg , Kondratieva Margarita , Shalaby Nabil
Published: May 2024

In 1991, Shalaby conjectured that any , where or , admits a strong Skolem starter. In 2018, the authors fully described and explicitly constructed the infinite “cardioidal” family of strong Skolem starters. No other infinite family of these combinatorial designs was known to date. Statements regarding the products of starters, proven in this paper give a new way of generating strong or skew Skolem starters of composite orders. This approach extends our previous result by generating new infinite families of these starters that are not cardioidal.
Comparative morphology of the oropharyngeal denticles in the order Rhinopristiformes and its functional implications (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea)
Authors: Oliveira Dhayana C. S. , Soares Karla D. A.
Published: May 2024

Guitarfishes and sawfishes are included in the order Rhinopristiformes, which currently encompasses five families: Pristidae, Rhinobatidae, Trygonorrhinidae, Rhinidae and Glaucostegidae. Considering the low number of studies focused on oral structures in Rhinopristiformes and the need to better understand their internal morphology, this study aimed to (1) evaluate and describe the morphological variation of the oropharyngeal denticles of guitarfishes and sawfish; (2) evaluate and describe the ontogenetic and sexual variation of the oropharyngeal denticles of Zapteryx brevirostris; (3) propose characters potentially useful for taxonomic and systematic purposes and (4) discuss the possible functions and advantages of these structures. Tissue samples were taken from the oropharyngeal region of specimens preserved in 70% alcohol and then prepared for visualization in scanning electron microscopy. A new method for sampling the pharynx region is proposed herein. Considerable morphological variation between families and genera was observed. However, no variation between conspecifics was found. Regional variations of denticles when examining a single individual were observed in shape, ornamentation, and orientation. In Zapteryx brevirostris, males had a significantly higher density of denticles in the ventral region than females and lower densities were observed in juveniles. The four characters discussed here are based on the presence of keels, number of cusps, distal end elongation and width/length ratio of the oropharyngeal denticles. Among the possible functions and advantages of these structures are the improvement of food adherence, tissue protection against food abrasion and parasitism, and attenuation of hydrodynamic drag in the oropharyngeal cavity during food ingestion.
The fundamental solution of the master equation for a jump‐diffusion Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Rozanova Olga S. , Krutov Nikolai A.
Published: May 2024

An integro‐differential equation for the probability density of the generalized stochastic Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process with jump diffusion is considered for a special case of the Laplacian distribution of jumps. It is shown that for a certain ratio between the intensity of jumps and the speed of reversion, the fundamental solution can be found explicitly, as a finite sum. Alternatively, the fundamental solution can be represented as converging power series. The properties of this solution are investigated. The fundamental solution makes it possible to obtain explicit formulas for the density at each instant of time, which is important, for example, for testing numerical methods.
The bold decision to go “all in”: Understanding the reasons behind consumers' willingness to migrate to the metaverse
Authors: Kumar Aman , Shankar Amit
Published: May 2024

The study explores the reasons that drive and hinder consumers' willingness to migrate to the metaverse. To determine them, a mixed‐methods approach is used: phase 1 (qualitative) involves conceptual development of a model based on in‐depth consumer interviews, and in phase 2, the conceptual model is empirically tested via structural equation modeling. Results show that social presence is a crucial enabler, while realistic and symbolic threats are significant inhibitors of the willingness to migrate. Preusage cognitive dissonance significantly mediates the relationships between social escapism, social pressure, realistic threat, symbolic threat, and willingness to migrate. Specifically, the mediating influence between empowerment and willingness to migrate is higher for individuals with low metaverse anxiety. Results of the artificial neural network technique indicate that social presence is the most significant antecedent of willingness to migrate, and results of the fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis highlight the presence of six distinct configurations that indicate a high willingness to migrate. This study enriches the behavioral reasoning theory by examining the interplay of the reasons influencing the willingness to migrate. Further, it contributes to the intergroup threat theory by investigating the potential link between willingness to migrate and the presence of realistic and symbolic threats.
Long‐Term Medication Profiles in Parkinson's Disease under Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation: A Controlled Study
Authors: Theyer Christoph , Beliveau Vincent , Krismer Florian , Peball Marina , Mair Katherina , Heim Beatrice , Djamshidian Atbin , Kiechl Stefan , Eisner Wilhelm , Eschlböck Sabine , Wenning Gregor K. , Willeit Peter , Seppi Klaus , Poewe Werner , Mahlknecht Philipp
Published: May 2024

Background

Subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) reduces antiparkinsonian medications in Parkinson's disease (PD) compared with the preoperative state. Longitudinal and comparative studies on this effect are lacking.

Objective

To compare longitudinal trajectories of antiparkinsonian medication in STN‐DBS treated patients to non‐surgically treated control patients.

Methods

We collected retrospective information on antiparkinsonian medication from PD patients that underwent subthalamic DBS between 1999 and 2010 and control PD patients similar in age at onset and baseline, sex‐distribution, and comorbidities.

Results

In 74 DBS patients levodopa‐equivalent daily dose (LEDD) were reduced by 33.9–56.0% in relation to the preoperative baseline over the 14‐year observational period. In 61 control patients LEDDs increased over approximately 10 years, causing a significant divergence between groups. The largest difference amongst single drug‐classes was observed for dopamine agonists.

Conclusion

In PD patients, chronic STN‐DBS was associated with a lower LEDD compared with control patients over 14 years.
Persistent GDNF Expression 45 Months after Putaminal Infusion of AAV2‐GDNF in a Patient with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Heiss John D. , Ray‐Chaudhury Abhik , Kleiner David E. , Ehrlich Debra J. , Scott Gretchen , Edwards Nancy A. , Goldstein David S. , Hammoud Dima A. , Hadaczek Piotr , Van Laar Victor S. , Graff Shantelle A. , Herscovitch Peter , Lungu Codrin , Hallett Mark , Lonser Russell R. , Zaghloul Kareem A. , Bankiewicz Krystof S.
Published: May 2024

Objective

Gene therapy by convection‐enhanced delivery of type 2 adeno‐associated virus‐glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (AAV2‐GDNF) to the bilateral putamina seeks to increase GDNF gene expression and treat Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

A 63‐year‐old man with advanced PD received AAV2‐GDNF in a clinical trial. He died from pneumonia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion 45 months later. An autopsy included brain examination for GDNF transgene expression. Putaminal catecholamine concentrations were compared to in vivo 18F‐Fluorodopa (18F‐FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) scanning results before and 18 months after AAV2‐GDNF infusion.

Results

Parkinsonian progression stabilized clinically. Postmortem neuropathology confirmed PD. Bilateral putaminal regions previously infused with AAV2‐GDNF expressed the GDNF gene. Total putaminal dopamine was 1% of control, confirming the striatal dopaminergic deficiency suggested by baseline 18F‐DOPA‐PET scanning. Putaminal regions responded as expected to AAV2‐GDNF.

Conclusion

After AAV2‐GDNF infusion, infused putaminal regions showed increased GDNF gene expression, tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive sprouting, catechol levels, and 18F‐FDOPA‐PET signal, suggesting the regenerative potential of AAV2‐GDNF in PD.
A review on realizing rechargeable batteries based on SOCl2/SO2 electrolyte systems
Authors: Gao Xiangyu , Chen Guodong , Sun Jinran , Dong Shanmu , Cui Guanglei
Published: May 2024

As representative high‐energy density primary batteries, Li‐SOCl2 and Li‐SO2 batteries possess superiorities including high working potential, long temperature range, low self‐discharge rate and high safety compared with other conventional primary batteries. In spite of the high energy features, these devices have only been applied for single discharge rather than achieved energy cyclic utilization via recharge. Various modifying strategies have been put out concerning the two electrolyte systems to liberate theoretical energy storage capability as much as possible over decades. Nevertheless, reversible chemistry is also urgently required nowadays for these sulfur‐based electrolyte primary batteries to achieve transformation and upgrading. In the review, we collect some of the modification works for Li‐SOCl2 and Li‐SO2 primary batteries since their invention and successively introduce some of the opening research studies of secondary batteries, designed technologies of which are demonstrated through aspects through anode interface, cathode materials, and electrolyte composition. Finally, it is aiming to look further into the future development of the reversibility of the unique electrolyte systems.
Asymptotic analysis of high‐order solitons of an equivalent Kundu–Eckhaus equation
Authors: Yan Xue‐Wei , Chen Yong
Published: May 2024

In this work, we study the asymptotic characteristics of high‐order solitons for the focusing Kundu–Eckhaus (KE) equation. Based on the loop group theory, we construct the general Darboux transformation within the framework of Riemann–Hilbert problems to derive the general high‐order soliton solution. Using high‐order Bäcklund transformation, we derive the leading order term of the determinant solution to obtain the asymptotic representation for the high‐order soliton solution. Furthermore, this method is also extended to the construction of more general high‐order cases with multiple poles. We further find that if a soliton propagates along the logarithm characteristic curve, the high‐order soliton can be decomposed into
individual solitons with the same amplitude and velocity. Finally, these solutions are theoretically and graphically analyzed in detail.
Occupational nerve injuries
Authors: Hearn Sandra L. , Jorgensen Shawn P. , Gabet Joelle M. , Carter Gregory T.
Published: May 2024

Occupational nerve injuries span a broad array of pathologies and contribute toward functional limitation, disability, and economic impact. Early and accurate recognition, treatment, and management of workplace factors rely on a thorough understanding of the anatomic and biomechanical factors that drive nerve injury. This review explores the interplay between anatomy, biomechanics, and nerve pathology common to occupational nerve injury and provides the treating physician with a rational, evidence‐based approach to diagnosis and to occupational aspects of management. Assessment of potential occupational nerve injury begins with a detailed understanding of the employee's work duties through a biomechanical lens. One must consider likelihood of occupational causation while accounting for predisposing conditions or preexisting symptoms. Beyond overt crush injury or laceration, potential mechanisms of nerve injury, with effects compounded over time, include compression, stretch, vibration, and repetitive or high‐force movements of regional muscles and joints. Injury often occurs at nerve locations that experience higher pressures, changes in pressure over time, or abrupt changes in trajectory, often near a tethered point. This understanding, coupled with condition‐specific knowledge presented in this review, equips managing physicians to diagnose occupational nerve injury and enhance treatment recommendations with rational activity modifications or equipment that can protect the nerve or decrease likelihood of continued injury. Long‐term management often involves follow‐up to assess effectiveness of interventions in the setting of the work environment, with gradual progression of the worker toward return to unrestricted duty or to a point of maximal medical improvement.
A Hybrid Wild Horses Optimization (WHO) and Dwarf Mongoose Optimization (DMO) method for optimum energy management in SG system
Authors: Ganesan P. , Arockia Edwin Xavier S.
Published: May 2024

A hybrid technique is proposed for the energy management (EM) of smart grid (SG) systems. The proposed method integrates the Wild Horse Optimization (WHO) and dwarf mongoose optimization (DMO) methods; hence, it is named the WHO–DMO approach. The Micro‐grid (MG)‐tied system is a combination of battery, micro turbine (MT), photovoltaic (PV), and Wind Turbine (WT). The key aim of the proposed approach is to manage the resources and power of the SG model and reduce the cost of electricity. The objective of the system is to improve load demand. The WHO method is enhanced by the DMO method, which minimizes the objective of the system. Access to power demand, state of charge (SOC), and renewable energy sources (RESs) for storing elements are considered constraints of the system. The unit of renewable power systems relies on batteries as energy sources to stabilize and sustain stable and consistent output power throughout the operation. The proposed technique is done in MATLAB platform and its implementation is calculated using the existing methods. From the simulation, the proposed method has less cost and higher power than the existing methods.
Politically connected independent supervisory boards and corporate performance during COVID‐19: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Dharmawan Laurensia Vina , Joni Joni , Setyawan Surya
Published: May 2024

This study aims to examine the relationship between the political connections of companies' independent supervisory boards (PC‐ISB) to these firms' performance during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study used 1515 observations of companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) for the years 2018–2021. The test was carried out using moderated regression analysis. Additional tests were also conducted, such as market performance tests and endogeneity tests using the System Generalized Method of Moments (the System GMM) and the difference‐in‐difference (DID) regression analysis. Results confirm that PC‐ISB has a significant positive effect on company performance. Then, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the company's performance got worse. However, we did not find that pandemic conditions moderated the relationship between PC‐ISB and company performance. Our results remained consistent after testing using the System GMM and the DID to address the issue of endogeneity.