bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of empirical Marshall vein ethanol infusion as a first-choice intraoperative strategy on the long-term outcomes in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation undergoing mitral isthmus ablation
Authors: Du Xianfeng , Luo Chenxu , Shen Caijie , Xu Yao , Feng Mingjun , Jin He , Fu Guohua , Wang Binhao , Liu Jin , Gao Fang , Chu Huimin
Published: August 2023

Background

Marshall vein ethanol infusion (MVEI) as an additional therapy to conventional catheter ablation (CA) has been proved to be efficacious in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF). However, whether empirical MVEI could be the first-line strategy in mitral isthmus (MI) ablation has seldom been investigated. Here, we aim to compare the efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes between provisional and empirical MVEI in PeAF patients undergoing the index MI ablation procedure.

Methods

We enrolled 133 patients with PeAF either in the provisional group (n = 38, MVEI was performed when conventional endocardial and/or epicardial ablation procedures were inadequate to achieve bidirectional MI block) or in the empirical group (n = 95, MVEI was performed empirically before MI CA).

Results

All of the baseline characteristics were comparable. Less spontaneous or inducible atrial tachycardias (ATs) were encountered in the empirical group of patients (P < 0.001). More epicardial ablations were applied (26.3% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.016) and a higher incidence of CA-facilitated restoration of sinus rhythm was recorded (86.8% vs. 11.7%, P < 0.001) in the provisional group of patients. Although more fluoroscopy time (6.4[4.2, 9.3] vs. 9.5[5.9, 11.6] min, P = 0.019) and radiation exposure (69.0[25.3, 160.2] vs. 122.0[62.5, 234.1] mGy, P = 0.010) were documented in the empirical group with comparable procedure time, less time (455.9 ± 192.2 vs. 366.5 ± 161.3 s, P = 0.038) was consumed to achieve bidirectional MI block during endocardial ablation in the provisional group. Incidences of procedure-related complications were similar between the two groups. During a 16.5 ± 4.4-month follow-up, the empirical group of patients showed a significantly higher rate of freedom from AT recurrence (95.8% vs. 81.6%, log-rank P = 0.003), while the rate of freedom from AF or atrial tachyarrhythmias (combining AF and AT) was similar. Both univariate (HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.64, P = 0.008) and multivariate (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07–0.92, P = 0.037) Cox regression analyses indicated that empirical MVEI was independently associated with lower long-term AT recurrence.

Conclusion

Among patients with PeAF who underwent the index MI ablation procedure, empirical MVEI could reduce endocardial MI ablation time and provide greater long-term freedom from AT recurrence.
Membrane lipid and expression responses of Saccharolobus islandicus REY15A to acid and cold stress
Authors: Chiu Beverly K. , Waldbauer Jacob , Elling Felix J. , Mete Öykü Z. , Zhang Lichun , Pearson Ann , Eggleston Erin M. , Leavitt William D.
Published: August 2023

Archaea adjust the number of cyclopentane rings in their glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) membrane lipids as a homeostatic response to environmental stressors such as temperature, pH, and energy availability shifts. However, archaeal expression patterns that correspond with changes in GDGT composition are less understood. Here we characterize the acid and cold stress responses of the thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Saccharolobus islandicus REY15A using growth rates, core GDGT lipid profiles, transcriptomics and proteomics. We show that both stressors result in impaired growth, lower average GDGT cyclization, and differences in gene and protein expression. Transcription data revealed differential expression of the GDGT ring synthase grsB in response to both acid stress and cold stress. Although the GDGT ring synthase encoded by grsB forms highly cyclized GDGTs with ≥5 ring moieties, S. islandicus grsB upregulation under acidic pH conditions did not correspond with increased abundances of highly cyclized GDGTs. Our observations highlight the inability to predict GDGT changes from transcription data alone. Broader analysis of transcriptomic data revealed that S. islandicus differentially expresses many of the same transcripts in response to both acid and cold stress. These included upregulation of several biosynthetic pathways and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and motility. Transcript responses specific to either of the two stressors tested here included upregulation of genes related to proton pumping and molecular turnover in acid stress conditions and upregulation of transposases in cold stress conditions. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the GDGT modifications and differential expression characteristic of the acid stress and cold stress responses in S. islandicus.
Sex- and age-dependent contribution of System xc– to cognitive, sensory, and social behaviors revealed by comprehensive behavioral analyses of System xc– null mice
Authors: Frare Carla , Pitt Shannon K. , Hewett Sandra J.
Published: August 2023

Background

System xc– (Sxc–) is an important heteromeric amino acid cystine/glutamate exchanger that plays a pivotal role in the CNS by importing cystine into cells while exporting glutamate. Although certain behaviors have been identified as altered in Sxc– null mutant mice, our understanding of the comprehensive impact of Sxc– on behavior remains incomplete.

Methods

To address this gap, we compared motor, sensory and social behaviors of male and female mice in mice null for Sxc– (SLC7A11sut/sut) with wildtype littermates (SLC7A11+/+) in a comprehensive and systematic manner to determine effects of genotype, sex, age, and their potential interactions.

Results

Motor performance was not affected by loss of Sxc– in both males and females, although it was impacted negatively by age. Motor learning was specifically disrupted in female mice lacking Sxc– at both 2 and 6 months of age. Further, female SLC7A11sut/sut mice at both ages exhibited impaired sociability, but normal spatial and recognition memory, as well as sensorimotor gating. Finally, pronounced open-space anxiety was displayed by female SLC7A11sut/sut when they were young. In contrast, young SLC7A11sut/sut male mice demonstrated normal sociability, delayed spatial learning, increased open-space anxiety and heightened sensitivity to noise. As they aged, anxiety and noise sensitivity abated but hyperactivity emerged.

Discussion

We find that the behavioral phenotypes of female SLC7A11sut/sut are similar to those observed in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder, while behaviors of male SLC7A11sut/sut resemble those seen in mouse models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. These results underscore the need for further investigation of SLC7A11 in neurodevelopment. By expanding our understanding of the potential involvement of Sxc–, we may gain additional insights into the mechanisms underlying complex neurodevelopmental conditions.
Feasibility study on a longer side-alternating vibration therapy protocol (15 min per session) in children and adolescents with mild cerebral palsy
Authors: Adaikina Alena , Derraik José G. B. , McMillan Janene , Colle Patricia , Hofman Paul L. , Gusso Silmara
Published: August 2023

Objective

Previous studies on side-alternating vibration therapy (sVT) have usually used a 9 min intervention protocol. We performed a feasibility study aimed at assessing the safety, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of a longer sVT protocol (15 min per session) in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods

Fifteen participants aged 5.2–17.4 years (median = 12.4 years) with CP GMFCS level II underwent 20 weeks of sVT consisting of 15 min sessions 4 days/week. Participants were assessed at baseline and after the intervention period, including mobility (six-minute walk-test; 6MWT), body composition (whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans), and muscle function (force plate).

Results

Adherence level to the 15 min VT protocol was 83% on average. There were no adverse events reported. After 20 weeks, there was some evidence for an increase in the walking distance covered in 6MWT (+43 m; p = 0.0018) and spine bone mineral density (+0.032 g/cm2; p = 0.012) compared to baseline.

Conclusions

The 15 min sVT protocol is feasible and well tolerated. The results also suggest potential benefits of this protocol to mobility and bone health. Randomized controlled trials are needed to reliably ascertain the potential effectiveness of a longer sVT protocol on physical function and body composition in young people with CP.
Analysis of adverse drug reactions/events of cancer chemotherapy and the potential mechanism of Danggui Buxue decoction against bone marrow suppression induced by chemotherapy
Authors: Yu Bin , Yan Xida , Zhu Yuanying , Luo Ting , Sohail Muhammad , Ning Hong , Xu Hui
Published: August 2023

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of adverse reactions/events based on chemotherapy in cancer patients, and then explore the potential mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD) against chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression (BMS).

Methods: Retrospectively collected and evaluated were the clinical data of patients in a hospital who experienced adverse reactions/events brought on by chemotherapeutic medications between 2015 and 2022. We explored the potential mechanism of DBD against BMS using network pharmacology based on the findings of the adverse reactions/events analysis.

Results: 151 instances (72.25%) experienced adverse reactions/events from a single chemotherapy medication. Besides, platinum-based medications produced the most unfavorable effects. The study also found that chemotherapy caused the highest number of cases of BMS, including platinum drugs. Consequently, BMS is the most prevalent adverse reaction disease caused by chemotherapy found in this part. According to network pharmacology findings, DBD can prevent BMS primarily involving 1,510 primary targets and 19 key active ingredients. Based on the enrichment analysis, PI3K-AKT, TNF, MAPK, and IL-17 signaling pathways made up the majority of the DBD-resisting BMS pathways. Molecular docking displayed that kaempferol, the major active ingredient of DBD, had the highest binding energy (−10.08 kJ mol-1) with PTGS2 (a key target of BMS).

Conclusion: Cancer patients who received chemotherapy had a risk to develop BMS. Regular blood tests should be performed while taking medicine; early discovery and treatment can reduce a patient’s risk of experiencing adverse reactions/events. Additionally, this study demonstrated that DBD, through a variety of targets and pathways, may be crucial in avoiding BMS.
Management staff’s perspectives on intervention strategies for workplace violence prevention in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria: a qualitative study
Authors: Agu Adaoha Pearl , Azuogu Benedict Ndubueze , Una Alfred F. , Ituma Benard , Eze Irene Ifeyinwa , Onwe Francis I. , Oka Onyinyechukwu Uzoamaka , Igwe-Okomiso Dorathy O. , Agbo Urudinachi N. , Ewah Richard , Uneke Jesse C.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Health workers have increasingly become victims of workplace violence. However, negligible action has been given to developing workplace violence (WPV) prevention programs in hospital settings in low-middle-income countries. An effective workplace violence prevention program is crucial for preventing violence and managing the consequences of incidents. This study assessed management staff perspectives on intervention strategies for workplace violence prevention in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria.

Methods

A qualitative study design was employed to explore the intervention strategies for preventing and managing workplace violence at a tertiary health facility in southeast Nigeria. Six focus group discussions were conducted with thirty-eight management-level staff. The interview transcripts were manually coded according to six predefined constructs of workplace violence: creating interdisciplinary harmony and WPV experiences, causes, prevention, program/policy contents, and implementation strategies. A manual thematic analysis approach was adopted, and the results were presented as narratives.

Results

The findings revealed recognition, welfare, administrative control, and security as vital strategies for the WPV prevention program. The participants agreed that unanimity among staff could be promoted through respect for all cadres of staff and for people’s perspectives (creating interdisciplinary harmony). Assaults and staff intimidation/victimization (experiences), attributed to unethical/poor health workers’ behaviour and ethnic discrimination (causes), were viewed as preventable by ensuring patients’/caregivers’ welfare through respectful and timely care and staff’s welfare through incentives/remunerations and discouraging intimidation (prevention strategies). Furthermore, the staff expressed that the WPV program should employ administrative controls, including instituting WPV policy/unit, codes of ethics, and standard operating procedures across all workplace facets (program/policy contents), which should be implemented through awareness creation, enforcement of sanctions, and provision of appropriate and adequate security presence in the hospital (policy implementation strategies).

Conclusion

Respect, patient/staff welfare, administrative control, and security are strong mechanisms to prevent workplace violence in tertiary hospitals. Hospital management should institutionalize workplace violence prevention programs/policies and ensure compliance.
Advances in myopia prevention strategies for school-aged children: a comprehensive review
Authors: Tariq Farheen , Mobeen Rabia , Wang Xinhai , Lin Xiao , Bao Qingdong , Liu Jinhui , Gao Hua
Published: August 2023

Myopia has significantly risen in East and Southeast Asia, and the pathological outcomes of this condition, such as myopic maculopathy and optic neuropathy linked to high myopia, have emerged as leading causes of irreversible vision loss. Addressing this issue requires strategies to reduce myopia prevalence and prevent progression to high myopia. Encouraging outdoor activities for schoolchildren and reducing near-work and screen time can effectively prevent myopia development, offering a safe intervention that promotes healthier habits. Several clinical approaches can be employed to decelerate myopia progression, such as administering low-dose atropine eye drops (0.05%), utilizing orthokeratology lenses, implementing soft contact lenses equipped with myopia control features, and incorporating spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets. When choosing an appropriate strategy, factors such as age, ethnicity, and the rate of myopia progression should be considered. However, some treatments may encounter obstacles such as adverse side effects, high costs, complex procedures, or limited effectiveness. Presently, low-dose atropine (0.05%), soft contact lenses with myopia control features, and orthokeratology lenses appear as promising options for managing myopia. The measures mentioned above are not necessarily mutually exclusive, and researchers are increasingly exploring their combined effects. By advocating for a personalized approach based on individual risk factors and the unique needs of each child, this review aims to contribute to the development of targeted and effective myopia prevention strategies, thereby minimizing the impact of myopia and its related complications among school-aged children in affected regions.
Left anterior descending artery dissection with retrograde aortic dissection during percutaneous coronary intervention: a case report
Authors: Ahn Seha , Lee Heejin , Choi Jung Suk , Moon Youngkyu , Kim In-Sub , Choi Si Young , Kang Joon Kyu
Published: August 2023

Retrograde catheter-induced coronary artery dissection during percutaneous coronary intervention is an exceedingly rare occurrence, and the likelihood of it extending into the aorta is even more uncommon. Typically, surgical treatment involves aortic root replacement combined with coronary artery bypass grafting. However, in this particular case, a meticulous approach was employed. By carefully guiding wires into the true lumens and placing stents in the proximal left main and left anterior descending arteries, the immediate complications were averted by obstructing the retrograde flow in the false lumen. Subsequently, an off-pump coronary artery bypass was performed using the left internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending artery, without the need to manipulate the aorta. This approach resulted in a short operation time and the absence of any other complications.
Optimizing the Location of the Piezoelectric Actuator and Analyzing Its Effect on the Dynamics of Asymmetric Flexible Spacecraft
Authors: Cao Kai , Xie Renyuan , Zhou Jianmin , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Jingji , Li Shuang
Published: August 2023

To address the challenge of optimizing the placement of actuators on an asymmetric spacecraft continuum system, this paper develops a rigid–flexible electromechanical coupling dynamic model that integrates the interactions among rigidity, flexibility, and electromechanical coupling effects. The model is constructed using ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations (ODE–PDEs) and considers the effects of the installation position and physical characteristics (mass and stiffness) of the piezoelectric (PZT) actuator on an asymmetric flexible spacecraft continuum system. The proposed model aims to accurately capture the complex interactions among the rigid body, flexible appendages, and PZT actuators. Based on the developed model, the installation location of the actuators is optimized using a genetic algorithm with a hybrid optimization criterion. In the numerical simulations, the proposed optimization algorithm is employed to determine the optimal installation position for the actuators. Then, the influence of the actuator’s physical characteristics and installation position on the dynamic properties of the spacecraft and the performance of the control system is investigated. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the optimization algorithm can effectively identify the appropriate actuator installation location for the desired application. Utilizing the actuator with the optimized position allows for effective vibration suppression while consuming less energy.
Low-Boom Design for Supersonic Transport with Canard and Forward-Swept Wings Using Equivalent Area Design Method
Authors: Kishi Yuki , Yashiro Risato , Kanazaki Masahiro
Published: August 2023

Forward-swept wings can be expected to be lower-boom planforms with similar amount of drag as backward-swept wings because of their good lift distributions. In this study, the equivalent area distribution of a ten-seater supersonic forward-swept wing aircraft with a canard was designed to obtain design knowledge for leading boom reduction. The equivalent area distribution of the aircraft was calculated by solving the compressible Euler equation. A feasible target equivalent area distribution was generated based on Darden’s method and compared with the equivalent area distribution. To achieve a closer match in terms of lift and geometry with the target, the main wing planform and the position of the main wing along the body and vertical axes were modified. The low-boom performances were evaluated using the extended Burgers equation. The design results indicated that the forward-swept wing configuration with a canard could divide the single peak of the leading boom into two peaks. Thus, the sonic boom strength of the canard configuration was 2.5 PLdB lower than that of the configuration without the canard wing.
Hsp70—A Universal Biomarker for Predicting Therapeutic Failure in Human Female Cancers and a Target for CTC Isolation in Advanced Cancers
Authors: Xanthopoulos Alexia , Samt Ann-Kathrin , Guder Christiane , Taylor Nicholas , Roberts Erika , Herf Hannah , Messner Verena , Trill Anskar , Holzmann Katharina Larissa Kreszentia , Kiechle Marion , Seifert-Klauss Vanadin , Zschaeck Sebastian , Schatka Imke , Tauber Robert , Schmidt Robert , Enste Katrin , Pockley Alan Graham , Lobinger Dominik , Multhoff Gabriele
Published: August 2023

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is frequently overexpressed in many different tumor types. However, Hsp70 has also been shown to be selectively presented on the plasma membrane of tumor cells, but not normal cells, and this membrane form of Hsp70 (mHsp70) could be considered a universal tumor biomarker. Since viable, mHsp70-positive tumor cells actively release Hsp70 in lipid micro-vesicles, we investigated the utility of Hsp70 in circulation as a universal tumor biomarker and its potential as an early predictive marker of therapeutic failure. We have also evaluated mHsp70 as a target for the isolation and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with different tumor entities. Circulating vesicular Hsp70 levels were measured in the peripheral blood of tumor patients with the compHsp70 ELISA. CTCs were isolated using cmHsp70.1 and EpCAM monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based bead approaches and characterized by immunohistochemistry using cytokeratin and CD45-specific antibodies. In two out of 35 patients exhibiting therapeutic failure two years after initial diagnosis of non-metastatic breast cancer, progressively increasing levels of circulating Hsp70 had already been observed during therapy, whereas levels in patients without subsequent recurrence remained unaltered. With regards to CTC isolation from patients with different tumors, an Hsp70 mAb-based selection system appears superior to an EpCAM mAb-based approach. Extracellular and mHsp70 can therefore serve as a predictive biomarker for therapeutic failure in early-stage tumors and as a target for the isolation of CTCs in various tumor diseases.
The Spectrum of Molecular Pathways in Gliomas—An Up-to-Date Review
Authors: Nafe Reinhold , Hattingen Elke
Published: August 2023

During the last 20 years, molecular alterations have gained increasing significance in the diagnosis and biological assessment of tumors. Gliomas represent the largest group of tumors of the central nervous system, and the main aim of this review is to present the current knowledge on molecular pathways and their alterations in gliomas. A wide range of new insights has been gained, including evidence for the involvement of the WNT pathway or the hippo pathway in the pathobiology of gliomas, indicating a broad involvement of different pathways formerly not considered to play a central role in gliomas. Even new aspects of angiogenic, apoptotic, and metabolic pathways are presented, as well as the rapidly growing field of epigenetic processes, including non-coding RNAs. The two major conclusions drawn from the present review are the distinct interconnectivity of the whole spectrum of molecular pathways and the prominent role of non-coding RNAs, especially circular RNAs, in the regulation of specific targets. All these new insights are discussed, even considering the topic of the resistance to therapy of gliomas, along with aspects that are still incompletely understood, like the role of hydroxymethylation, or even ferroptosis, in the pathobiology of gliomas.
The Sequential and Systemic Administration of BMP-2 and SDF-1α Nanocapsules for Promoting Osteoporotic Fracture Healing
Authors: Sun Xiaolei , Li Xueping , Tian Peng , Zhao Jin , Xin Hou , Ma Xinlong , Yuan Xubo
Published: August 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the use of the nanocapsule sequential delivery of BMP-2 and SDF-1α through the peripheral circulatory system to promote the healing of osteoporotic fractures. Methods: Based on increased vascular permeability in the early hematoma environment around the fracture and the presence of a large number of matrix metalloproteinase MMPs in the inflammatory environment, we designed MMP-sensitive nanocapsules which were formed viain situ free-radical polymerization on the surface of grow factors with 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and the bisacryloylated VPLGVRTK peptide. The antiphagic effect and biological activity of the growth factors for the nanomicrocapsule delivery system were tested by cell experiments. The 36 SD rats with an osteoporotic fracture model were randomly divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E, and F). In this paper, the nanocapsules loaded with BMP-2 and SDF-1 are represented as n (BMP-2) and n (SDF-1α). In the six groups, the following different combinations of growth factors were injected into the bone defect site on days 1 and 3 after bone defect surgery: in group A, n (SDF-1α) combined with n (SDF-1α); in group B, n (BMP-2) combined with n (BMP-2); in group C, n (SDF-1α) + n (BMP-2) combined with n (SDF-1α) + n (BMP-2); in group D, n (SDF-1α) combined with n (BMP-2); in group E, n (BMP-2) combined with n (SDF-1α); in group F, nanocapsules without growth factor were used as the control group. Micro-CT was used to observe the effect of n(BMP-2) and n(SDF-1α) sequential delivery inearly healing in osteoporotic fractures. Finally, in this study, we evaluated the safety of the nanocapsules delivery system by detecting ectopic osteogenesis and inflammatory responses in animals. Results: Nanocapsules have low toxicity and protect the integrity and biological activity of growth factors. The results confirmed that nanocapsules could still be effectively targeted to the fracture site on days 1, 3, and 7 after intravenous administration. Growth factors encapsulated in nanocapsules have better bone repair results than natural growth factors. In particular, groups C and D had the best bone repair results than other groups.In vivo experiments confirmed that nanocapsules did not cause significant ectopic osteogenesis and inflammation. Conclusion: The results confirmed that the special vascular permeability and inflammatory factor microenvironment of the fracture site could be used to deliver two growth factors with a synergistic effect through venous circulation, which could better promote the healing process of osteoporotic fracture.
Efficacy of Sildenafil in Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Dillon Kacie , Lamba Vineet , Philip Ranjit , Weems Mark , Talati Ajay
Published: August 2023

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common comorbidity in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Sildenafil is a widely recognized therapy for PH, but its efficacy in infants with BPD is questionable. We propose to assess the efficacy of sildenafil in BPD-associated PH as evaluated based on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) changes and clinical measures. Methods: Data were retrospectively and prospectively collected. Inclusion criteria were gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks, birth weight (BW) < 1500 g with severe BPD, diagnosis of PH via TTE on sildenafil treatment. PH was evaluated via TTE, which was performed monthly after 36 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA) as a standard of care, and re-reviewed by a single pediatric cardiologist, who was blind to the initial reading. Results: In total, 19 patients were enrolled in the study, having a median GA of 24 3/7 weeks (IQR 23 5/7–25 5/7) and a median BW of 598 g (IQR 572–735). Sildenafil treatment was started at a median PMA of 40.4 weeks. The median respiratory severity score (RSS) at 28 d was 6.5, RSS and FiO2 showed improvement about 12 weeks after starting sildenafil treatment. Conclusions: Improvement in PH was noted via TTE, and patients had improvement in their RSS and FiO2 after prolonged therapy. However, TTE improvements did not correlate with clinical improvements.
Iatrogenic Esophageal Perforation in Premature Infants: A Multicenter Retrospective Study from Poland
Authors: Mikołajczak Aleksandra , Kufel Katarzyna , Żytyńska-Daniluk Joanna , Rutkowska Magdalena , Bokiniec Renata
Published: August 2023

Greater awareness of possible iatrogenic esophageal perforation (EP) is needed. Though rare, EP is a legitimate health risk as it may lead to long-term morbidities. This study presents and discusses iatrogenic EP in a subset of preterm infants. Using radiographic images, we study and describe the consequences of the orogastric/nasogastric tube position (in radiographic images). We analyze the possible influence of histological chorioamnionitis on the development of esophageal perforation. This retrospective study examines the hospital records of 1149 preterm infants, 2009–2016, with very low birth weight (VLBW) and iatrogenic EP, comparing mortalities and morbidities between the two groups of preterm infants who had birth weights (BWs) of less than 750 g and were less than 27 weeks gestation age at birth: one group with iatrogenic esophageal perforation (EP group) and one group without perforation (non-EP group—the control group). Histopathological chorioamnionitis of the placenta showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. The only statistically significant difference was in the air leaks (p = 0.01). Three types of nasogastric tube (NGT) X-ray location were identified, depending on the place of the perforation: (1) high position below the carina mimicking esophageal atresia; (2) low, intra-abdominal; (3) NGT right pleura-directed. We also highlight the particular symptoms that may be indicative of EP due to a displacement of the nasogastric tube.
Introduction of Supervisor-Type Pediatric Hospitalists in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital: Experiences in a Hematology/Oncology Ward
Authors: An Hong Yul , Choi Yun Jung , Lee So Hye , Kim Min Sun , Park Hyun Jin , Kim Bo Kyung , Choi Jung Yoon , Kang Hyoung Jin , Lee Saram , Hong Kyung Taek
Published: August 2023

(1) Background: Hospitalists are healthcare providers who focus on hospitalized patients, but research on the roles of pediatric hospitalists is lacking. This study investigates the role of a supervisor-type hospitalist in a pediatric hematology/oncology ward at a tertiary children’s hospital, assessing the impact on satisfaction levels among patient caregivers, resident physicians, and nurses. (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis and online surveys were conducted to assess satisfaction levels before and after the introduction of hospitalists in the Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology at Seoul National University Children’s Hospital in the Republic of Korea. (3) Results: The introduction of hospitalists led to a 19.3% reduction in prescription error interventions over six months. Unexpected transfers to the intensive care unit decreased from 1.4% to 0.7% (p = 0.229). Patient caregivers reported elevated satisfaction levels with physicians (rated 8.47/10), and there was a significant enhancement in overall satisfaction among nurses (increasing from 3.23 to 4.23/5, p < 0.001). The majority of resident physicians (83.3%) expressed contentment with the hospitalist system, with 77% indicating an interest in transitioning to a hospitalist role. However, these resident physicians also expressed concerns regarding job stability. (4) Conclusions: Supervisor-type pediatric hospitalists have the potential to elevate satisfaction levels not only among patient caregivers but also among nurses and resident physicians, showing promise in improving medical care quality. Nonetheless, ensuring favorable perception and securing job stability within the hospitalist system are pivotal for achieving successful implementation.
PbF2–CdF2–SrF2 Ternary Solid Solution: Crystal Growth and Investigation
Authors: Buchinskaya Irina I. , Goryachuk Ivan O. , Sorokin Nikolay I. , Sokolov Victor I. , Karimov Denis N.
Published: August 2023

Crystals based on alkaline earth metal difluorides are widely used optical materials. In this study, in order to expand the range of optical matrices, multicomponent Pb1−x−yCdxSryF2 (0.27 < x < 0.55, 0.06 < y < 0.18) solid solution crystals with a fluorite structure (sp. gr. Fm-3m) were grown from melt using the vertical directional crystallization technique for the first time. The densities and refractive indices of the grown crystals vary depending on the quantitative content components (x and y) in the ranges of 6.6039(5)–7.5232(5) g/cm3 and 1.6403–1.7084, respectively. The optical transmission and electrochemical impedance spectra were studied. The homogenous composition regions of non-cellular crystallization of this ternary solid solution at a crystallization rate of 6 mm/h and an interface temperature gradient of 80 deg/cm were experimentally determined as 0.30 < x < 0.35, 0 < y < 0.6. These grown crystalline materials may be of interest as high-density highly refractive cubic isomorphic hosts and low-temperature ionic conductors (~2 × 10−5 S/cm at room temperature) for various applications.
Matrix Encryption Walks for Lightweight Cryptography
Authors: Dunmore Aeryn , Samandari Juliet , Jang-Jaccard Julian
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we propose a new symmetric stream cipher encryption algorithm based on Graph Walks and 2-dimensional matrices, called Matrix Encryption Walks (MEW). We offer example Key Matrices and show the efficiency of the proposed method, which operates in linear complexity with an extremely large key space and low-resource requirements. We also provide the Proof of Concept code for the encryption algorithm and a detailed analysis of the security of our proposed MEW. The MEW algorithm is designed for low-resource environments such as IoT or smart devices and is therefore intended to be simple in operation. The encryption, decryption, and key generation time, along with the bytes required to store the key, are all discussed, and similar proposed algorithms are examined and compared. We further discuss the avalanche effect, key space, frequency analysis, Shannon entropy, and chosen/known plaintext-ciphertext attacks, and how MEW remains robust against these attacks. We have also discussed the potential for future research into algorithms such as MEW, which make use of alternative structures and graphic methods for improving encryption models.
Kinetics of Formation of Butyric and Pyroglutamic Acid during the Shelf Life of Probiotic, Prebiotic and Synbiotic Yoghurt
Authors: Aiello Alessandra , De Luca Lucia , Pizzolongo Fabiana , Pinto Gabriella , Addeo Francesco , Romano Raffaele
Published: August 2023

Butyric acid (C4) and pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) exert significant beneficial effects on human health. In this study, the influence of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria) and/or prebiotics (1 and 3% inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides) on the content of C4 and pGlu in yoghurt during the shelf-life period was evaluated. The contents of C4 and pGlu were determined in probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic yoghurts during 30 days of storage at 4 °C by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and HPLC analysis. Traditional yoghurt and uninoculated milk were used as control. Prebiotic yoghurt contained more C4 (2.2–2.4 mg/kg) than the uninoculated milk, and no increase was detected with respect to traditional yoghurt. However, probiotic yoghurt showed 10% more C4 than traditional yoghurt. Adding fibre to probiotics (synbiotic yoghurt) the C4 content increased by 30%. Regarding pGlu, probiotic yoghurt presented the highest content of approximately 130 mg/100 g. Fibre did not affect pGlu content. Finally, C4 and pGlu contents generally increased up to 20 days of storage and then decreased up to 30 days of storage. The results might be useful for the preparation of other functional foods rich in C4 and pGlu using lactic acid bacteria.
A Machine-Learning Approach to Predicting Daily Wildfire Expansion Rate
Authors: Shmuel Assaf , Heifetz Eyal
Published: August 2023

Accurate predictions of daily wildfire growth rates are crucial, as extreme wildfires have become increasingly frequent in recent years. The factors which determine wildfire growth rates are complex and depend on numerous meteorological factors, topography, and fuel loads. In this paper, we have built upon previous studies that have mapped daily burned areas at the individual fire level around the globe. We applied several Machine Learning (ML) algorithms including XGBoost, Random Forest, and Multilayer Perceptron to predict daily fire growth rate based on meteorological factors, topography, and fuel loads. Our best model on the entire dataset obtained a 1.15 km2 MAE. The ML model obtained a 90% accuracy when predicting whether a fire’s growth rate will increase or decrease the following day, compared to 61% using a logistic regression. We discuss the central factors that determine wildfire growth rate. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to perform such analyses on a global dataset.
Heterotridentate Organomonophosphines in Pt(η3-P1C1C2)(Y) and Pt(η3-P1C1N1)(Y) Derivatives—Structural Aspects
Authors: Melník Milan , Mikušová Veronika , Mikuš Peter
Published: August 2023

This paper covers Pt(II) complexes of the compositions Pt(η3-P1C1C2)(Y) (Y = NL or I) and Pt(η3-P1C1N1)(Y), Y = OL, NL, CL, Cl or Br). These complexes crystallized in four crystal classes: monoclinic (9 examples), triclinic (3 examples), orthorhombic (3 examples), and tetragonal (2 examples). The structural parameters (Pt-L, L-Pt-L) are analyzed and discussed with attention to the distortion of square-planar geometry about the Pt(II) atoms and trans-influence. These data are compared and discussed with those of Pt(η3-P1N1N2)(Y), Pt(η3-P1N1X1)(Y), (X1=O1, C1, S1, Se1), Pt(η3-N1P1N2)(Cl), Pt(η3-S1P1S2)(Cl), Pt(η3-P1S1Cl1)(Cl), and Pt(η3-P1Si1N1)(OL) types. Each heterotridentate ligand creates two metallocyclic rings with a common central ligating atom. These η3-ligands form twenty-three types of metallocycles and differ by the number and type of the atoms involved in the metallocyclic rings.
Enhancing Strength and Toughness of Aluminum Laminated Composites through Hybrid Reinforcement Using Dispersion Engineering
Authors: Sadeghi Behzad , Cavaliere Pasquale , Sadeghian Behzad
Published: August 2023

In this work, we propose a hybrid approach to solve the challenge of balancing strength and ductility in aluminum (Al) matrix composites. While some elements of our approach have been used in previous studies, such as in situ synthesis and ex situ augmentation, our work is innovative as it combines these techniques with specialized equipment to achieve success. We synthesized nanoscale Al3BC particles in situ using ultra-fine particles by incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into elemental powder mixtures, followed by mechanical activation and annealing, to obtain granular (UFG) Al. The resulting in situ nanoscale Al3BC particles are uniformly dispersed within the UFG Al particles, resulting in improved strength and strain hardening. By innovating the unique combination of nanoscale Al3BC particles synthesized in situ in UFG Al, we enabled better integration with the matrix and a strong interface. This combination provides a balance of strength and flexibility, which represents a major breakthrough in the study of composites. (Al3BC, CNT)/UFG Al composites exhibit simultaneous increases in strength (394 MPa) and total elongation (19.7%), indicating increased strength and suggesting that there are promising strengthening effects of in situ/ex situ reinforcement that benefit from the uniform dispersion and the strong interface with the matrix. Potential applications include lightweight and high-strength components for use in aerospace and automotive industries, as well as structural materials for use in advanced mechanical systems that require both high strength and toughness.
Dry-Land Force–Velocity, Power–Velocity, and Swimming-Specific Force Relation to Single and Repeated Sprint Swimming Performance
Authors: Chalkiadakis Ioannis , Arsoniadis Gavriil G. , Toubekis Argyris G.
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between dry-land and in-water strength with performance and kinematic variables in short-distance, middle-distance, and repeated sprint swimming. Fifteen competitive swimmers applied a bench press exercise to measure maximum strength (MS), maximum power (P), strength corresponding to P (F@P), maximum velocity (MV), and velocity corresponding to P (V@P) using F–V and P–V relationships. On a following day, swimmers performed a 10 s tethered swimming sprint (TF), and impulse was measured (IMP). On three separate days, swimmers performed (i) 50 and 100 m, (ii) 200 and 400 m, and (iii) 4 × 50 m front crawl sprint tests. Performance time (T), arm stroke rate (SR), arm stroke length (SL), and arm stroke index (SI) were calculated in all tests. Performance in short- and middle-distance tests and in 4 × 50 m training sets were related to dry-land MS, P, TF, and IMP (r = 0.51–0.83; p < 0.05). MS, P, and TF were related to SR in 50 m and SI in 50 and 100 m (r = 0.55–0.71; p < 0.05). A combination of dry-land P and in-water TF variables explains 80% of the 50 m performance time variation. Bench press power and tethered swimming force correlate with performance in short- and middle-distance tests and repeated sprint swimming.
Breast Cancer Cryoablation in the Multidisciplinary Setting: Practical Guidelines for Patients and Physicians
Authors: Holmes Dennis , Iyengar Geeta
Published: August 2023

Breast cancer cryoablation has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to lumpectomy for treating early-stage breast cancer. However, no consensus exists on what should be considered the standard of care for the multidisciplinary management of patients treated with breast cancer cryoablation. In lieu of national guidelines, this review of the literature provides a multidisciplinary framework and an evidence-based discussion of the integration of “standard of care practices” in the comprehensive management of breast cancer cryoablation patients.
Endpoint Geodesic Formulas on Graßmannians Applied to Interpolation Problems
Authors: Hüper Knut , Silva Leite Fátima
Published: August 2023

Simple closed formulas for endpoint geodesics on Graßmann manifolds are presented. In addition to realizing the shortest distance between two points, geodesics are also essential tools to generate more sophisticated curves that solve higher order interpolation problems on manifolds. This will be illustrated with the geometric de Casteljau construction offering an excellent alternative to the variational approach which gives rise to Riemannian polynomials and splines.
Impulse Control Disorders in the Polish Population of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Toś Mateusz , Grażyńska Anna , Antoniuk Sofija , Siuda Joanna
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world. It is characterized by the presence of not only typical motor symptoms but also several less known and aware non-motor symptoms (NMS). The group of disorders included in the NMS is Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs). ICDs are a group of disorders in which patients are unable to resist temptations and feel a strong, pressing desire for specific activities such as gambling, hypersexuality, binge eating, and compulsive buying. The occurrence of ICDs is believed to be associated primarily with dopaminergic treatment, with the use of dopamine agonists (DA), and to a lesser extent with high doses of L-dopa. The aim of our study was to develop a profile of Polish ICDs patients and assess the frequency of occurrence of ICDs, as well as determine the risk factors associated with these disorders against the background of the PD population from other countries. Materials and Methods: Our prospective study included 135 patients with idiopathic PD who were hospitalized between 2020 and 2022 at the Neurological Department of University Central Hospital in Katowice. In the assessment of ICDs, we used the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease (QUIP). Other scales with which we assessed patients with PD were as follows: MDS-UPDRS part III and modified Hoehn–Yahr staging. Clinical data on age, gender, disease duration and onset, motor complications, and medications were collected from electronic records. Results: ICDs were detected in 27.41% of PD patients (binge eating in 12.59%, hypersexuality in 11.11%, compulsive buying in 10.37%, and pathological gambling occurred in only 5.19% of patients. In total, 8.89% had two or more ICDs). The major finding was that ICDs were more common in patients taking DA than in those who did not use medication from this group (83.78% vs. 54.07%, respectively; p = 0.0015). Patients with ICDs had longer disease duration, the presence of motor complications, and sleep disorders. An important finding was also a very low detection of ICDs in a routine medical examination; only 13.51% of all patients with ICDs had a positive medical history of this disorder. Conclusions: ICDs are relatively common in the population of Polish PD patients. The risk factors for developing ICDs include longer duration of the disease, presence of motor complications, sleep disorders, and use of DA and L-dopa. Due to the low detectability of ICDs in routine medical history, it is essential for physicians to pay more attention to the possibility of the occurrence of these symptoms, especially in patients with several risk factors. Further prospective studies on a larger group of PD patients are needed to establish a full profile of Polish PD patients with ICDs.
The Prognostic Utility of the Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio and the Number of Regional Lymph Nodes Removed from Patients with Small Bowel Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Aydin Dincer , Kefeli Umut , Ozcelik Melike , Erdem Gokmen Umut , Sendur Mehmet Ali , Yildirim Mahmut Emre , Oven Basak Bala , Bilici Ahmet , Gumus Mahmut
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Small bowel adenocarcinomas (SBAs) are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal system. Lymph node metastasis in patients with curatively resected SBAs is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we determined the prognostic utility of the number of removed lymph nodes and the metastatic lymph node ratio (the N ratio). Materials and Methods: The data of 97 patients who underwent curative SBA resection in nine hospitals of Turkey were retrospectively evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses of potentially prognostic factors including the N ratio and the numbers of regional lymph nodes removed were evaluated. Results: Univariate analysis showed that perineural and vascular invasion, metastatic lymph nodes, advanced TNM stage, and a high N ratio were significant predictors of poor survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that the N ratio was a significant independent predictor of disease-specific survival (DSS). The group with the lowest N ratio exhibited the longest disease-free survival (DFS) and DSS; these decreased significantly as the N ratio increased (both, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in either DFS or DSS between groups with low and high numbers of dissected lymph nodes (i.e., <13 and ≥13) (both, p = 0.075). Conclusions: We found that the N ratio was independently prognostic of DSS in patients with radically resected SBAs. The N ratio is a convenient and accurate measure of the severity of lymph node metastasis.