bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical, chemical, and microbiological stability study of diluted atropine eye drops
Authors: Saito Jumpei , Imaizumi Hitomi , Yamatani Akimasa
Published: December 2019

Background

Atropine eye drops are indicated for juvenile myopia progression, cycloplegia, amblyopia, and strabismus. According to the package insert, 10 mg/mL atropine eye drops must be diluted for pediatric patients to prevent systemic adverse effects. Compounding units in hospital pharmaceutical departments or community pharmacies are compelled to prepare this essential medication; however, validated atropine stability data is limited and the shelf life after preparation is extremely short. As it is a long-term treatment, a longer shelf life is necessary to improve patient care. This study aimed to demonstrate the physical, chemical, and microbiological stability of diluted atropine eye drops over a period of six months.

Methods

Preparation consists of dilution of a 10 mg/mL atropine solution (Nitten Atropine Ophthalmic Solution 1%; Nitten Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) in 0.9% NaCl to concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/mL, followed by a sterilizing filtration procedure and then an aseptic filling process of 5 mL in 5 mL polyethylene eyedropper bottles. The entire process is carried out in an overpressure isolator. All concentration products were kept for six months at 25 °C or 5 °C. Visual inspection was conducted and pH, osmolality, and atropine concentration were measured at day 0, day 14, day 28, and every month until six months. Atropine concentration was measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The sterility was monitored using a method adapted from the Japanese Pharmacopoeia sterility assay.

Results

Atropine remained within ±5% of the target value in the six batches. Osmolality (285 mOsm/kg) as well as pH (5.88) were kept constant. No variations in solution characteristics (crystallization, discoloration) were noted. Sterility was maintained.

Conclusions

This study validated the physical, chemical, and microbiological stability of 0.1, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/mL atropine sulfate eye drops conserved inside polyethylene eyedroppers for six months at 25 °C or 5 °C.
Caste-specific morphological modularity in the ant tribe Camponotini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Authors: Laciny A. , Nemeschkal H. L. , Zettel H. , Metscher B. , Druzhinina I. S.
Published: December 2019

Background

The morphological structures of organisms form tightly integrated but mutually independent character complexes (modules) linked through common development and function. Even though their abundance, diversity, and complex caste systems make camponotine ants ideal subjects to research developmental modularity and phenotypic integration, no studies investigating these phenomena have been conducted in this taxonomic group. This study attempts to identify and visualize integrated character complexes in 14 taxa from the genera Camponotus and Colobopsis using statistical analyses of morphometry.

Results

The identified modules differ between castes: Minor workers have small heads and long extremities, while major workers have enlarged heads modified for defence, and short, thick appendages; extremities (legs and antennae) are strongly correlated in both worker castes. Gynes show weaker integration of extremities, but a strong correlation of mesosoma and eyes, and highly variable median ocellus size. Gynes infested by mermithid nematodes exhibit reduction of gyne-specific characters and altered patterns of phenotypic integration.

Conclusion

The integrated character complexes described herein can largely be interpreted as functional, caste-specific modules related to behavioural ecology and task allocation within ant colonies. This modular nature of the body plan is hypothesized to facilitate the evolution of novel phenotypes and thus contributes to the tremendous evolutionary success of ants. The study of these modules can help to further elucidate the evolution and ontogeny of castes in camponotine ants, as well as the effects of parasite infestation on the phenotype.
Group based video-conferencing for adults with depression: findings from a user-led qualitative data analysis using participatory theme elicitation
Authors: Best Paul , McConnell Tracey , Davidson Gavin , Badham Jennifer , Neill Ruth D.
Published: December 2019

Background

Accessing support services for depression has been historically difficult given the societal stigma that exists regarding the condition. Recent advances in digital technologies continue to be postulated as a potential panacea yet the results from research trials have been mixed with a range of effect sizes.

Methods

This article offers a different perspective by presenting a panel of end users (co-researchers) with qualitative interview data (n = 8) taken from a feasibility RCT of a group based video-conferencing service for depressed adults. The co-researcher panel were introduced to a new method of participatory data analysis known as Participatory Theme Elicitation (PTE). This method involves using network analysis techniques to create groupings and visual diagrams in order to support the generation of themes and minimise scientific researcher input/influence.

Results

Co-researchers reported that while VC based interventions appeared convenient, accessible and relatively low cost - additional training and support should be offered to improve uptake and retention. In addition, co-researchers suggested that further exploration is needed regarding the level of self-awareness one feels in a group based VC environment and whether this facilitates disclosure (through disinhibition) or increases anxiety.

Conclusion

The findings presented here appear to support existing (researcher and academic-led) literature in the field as well as suggest new areas for investigation. By presenting data generated solely by co-researchers, this article also adds to the evidence surrounding participatory analysis methods - particularly the growing need for robust approaches that are accessible and less time-consuming than those currently available.

Trial registration number

NCT03288506 (Clinicaltrials.gov) 20th Sept 2017 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03288506
Toward implementing a fully automated truck guidance system at a seaport: identifying the roles, costs and benefits of logistics stakeholders
Authors: Carlan Valentin , Naudts Dries , Audenaert Pieter , Lannoo Bart , Vanelslander Thierry
Published: December 2019

The seaport-hinterland access infrastructures become more saturated leading to extra unpredictable costs for logistics operators. To keep their services competitive, infrastructure managers (such as port authorities) seek new approaches in managing and delivering information to their users. Starting from existing technological advancements and exploring the declared opportunities enabled by (near) future ones, a range of solutions (e.g. real-time information platforms, dynamic information boards or digital on-request notification solutions) can be pursued. This research investigates how an advanced truck guidance system (TGS) leverages on technology and leads to more efficient resource (infrastructure, equipment and labour) usage. The current paper merges two perspectives. The first conducts interviews with representatives of different logistics stakeholders to highlight their data needs. The second perspective is given by a review of information communication technology (ICT) innovative trends. These two perspectives provide an up-to-date overview of both needs (demand) and opportunities (supply) that challenge logistics stakeholders. This study proposes a TGS architecture that merges the two perspectives and identifies a stepwise approach to implement it. Therefore, the roles, costs and benefits brought to the logistics stakeholders are highlighted for each step. The key findings of this study show that road transport operators would benefit from operational savings and increased performance, while the other supply chain stakeholders can benefit from setting up a more reliable planning, better managing their infrastructure and developing added-value services for clients. To enable these benefits, the port administration could take the facilitator role and cover the TGS’s development costs.
Trichogenic effect of topical ketoconazole versus minoxidil 2% in female pattern hair loss: a clinical and trichoscopic evaluation
Authors: El-Garf Ahmed , Mohie Mohamed , Salah Eman
Published: December 2019

Background

Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a common non-scaring alopecia. Topical minoxidil is the only approved treatment for FPHL; however, it has frequent side effects. Ketoconazole is an antifungal with anti-androgenic properties.

Methods

The aim of this work was to evaluate the safety and possible trichogenic effects of ketoconazole in FPHL. Patients were randomly assigned into Group A with 20 patients who received 2% topical minoxidil solution and Group B involving 20 patients who were treated by 2% topical ketoconazole preparation. All patients were treated for 6 months and evaluated clinically plus via trichoscopy. Side effects were recorded, and patients’ satisfaction was measured.

Results

Regarding hair growth, a significant difference was detected between baseline and at 4th and 6th months in Group A. While in Group B, the improvement was delayed until the 6th month. Only 10% of Group B reported side effects. Patients’ satisfaction did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusions

Topical ketoconazole mediates a trichogenic effect in FPHL with few side effects. However, ketoconazole showed a delayed improvement versus minoxidil at similar concentrations. Further studies should evaluate the efficacy of higher concentrations of ketoconazole solutions for FPHL which is a promising therapy.

Trial registration

IRB approval status: reviewed and approved by IRB of Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University; approval no. #3642
Prospective study to assess the tissue response to HPC-coated p48 flow diverter stents compared to uncoated devices in the rabbit carotid artery model
Authors: Lenz-Habijan Tim , Bhogal Pervinder , Bannewitz Catrin , Hannes Ralf , Monstadt Hermann , Simgen Andreas , Mühl-Benninghaus Ruben , Reith Wolfgang , Henkes Hans
Published: December 2019

Background

Flow diverters (FDs) are widely used in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, but the required medication increases the risk of haemorrhagic complications and limits their use in the acute setting. Surface modified FDs may limit the need for dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Hydrophilic polymer coating (HPC) may reduce the need of medication.

Methods

This explorative study, approved by the local authorities and the local welfare committee, compared stent behaviour and overall tissue response between HPC-coated FDs and uncoated FDs, both implanted into the common carotid arteries of eight New Zealand white rabbits. Endothelialisation, inflammatory response, and performance during implantation were assessed. Angiographic follow-up was performed to observe the patency of the devices after implantation and after 30 days. Histological examinations were performed at 30 days to assess foreign body reaction and endothelialisation. Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare non-parametric variables.

Results

Angiography showed that both coated and uncoated FDs performed well during implantation. All devices remained patent during immediate follow-up and after 30 days. Histopathology showed no significant difference in inflammation within the vessel wall between the two cohorts (2.12 ± 0.75 vs. 1.96 ± 0.79, p = 0.7072). Complete endothelialisation of the stent struts was seen with very similar (0.04 ± 0.02 mm vs. 0.04 ± 0.03 mm, p = 0.892) neoendothelial thickness between the two cohorts after 30 days.

Conclusion

Taking into account the limitation in sample size, non-significant differences between the HPC-coated and uncoated FDs regarding implantation, foreign body response, and endothelialisation were found.
Microbial biodiversity as related to crop succession and potato intercropping for management of brown rot disease
Authors: Messiha N. A. S. , Elhalag K. M. A. , Balabel N. M. , Farag S. M. A. , Matar H. A. , Hagag M. H. , Khairy A. M. , El-Aliem M. M. Abd , Eleiwa E. , Saleh O. M. E. , Farag N. S.
Published: December 2019

Potato brown rot, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, ranked globally as the second most important bacterial plant pathogen. In the present study, the influence of different cropping programs in potato brown rot management was investigated in four infected fields in Egypt. Two districts were selected as sandy soils in Giza (Wardan) and Behera (Ganuob El-Tahrir) governorates. The other two were selected as silty clay in Minufyia (Talia) and Beni-Suef (Sids) governorates. The followed crop succession included corn, potato intercropped with cabbage, onion, cowpea, wheat, corn again, and ended by potato. The pathogen was undetectable after corn, onion, and wheat. It decreased in cowpea and cabbage rhizospheres in the clay soils. The pathogen was undetectable at all districts, except at Sids, where the pathogen was significantly decreased but was not eradicated. This was possibly attributed to the high ratio of NO3− and Na+ at this district. Decreased R. solanacearum density after corn coincided with the high ratio of fluorescent pseudomonads, endospores, and actinomycetes, being most clear in the poor soils (Wardan) and less clear under iron excess at Ganoub El-Tahrir as well as the clay soils. Corn rhizosphere supported an array of antagonistic actinomycetes such as strains similar to Streptomyces intermedius, Streptomyces albidoflavus group, Streptomyces argenteolus group, and Streptomyces erythrogriseus. Intercropping potato with cabbage decreased the density of the pathogen in rhizosphere, which is associated with greater antagonistic fluorescent pseudomonads, Bacillus spp. and Serratia spp. Onion soil and rhizosphere associated with abundance of antagonists and fluorescent pseudomonads, followed by S. maltophilia and Bacillus spp. Wheat soil and rhizosphere supported fluorescent pseudomonads and antagonistic Streptomyces spp., especially in sandy soils. The pathogen was undetectable after planting the ending potato in the three districts, Wardan, Ganoub El-Tahrir, and Talia. This was accompanied by a general oligotrophism and increased ratio of fluorescent pseudomonads, endospores bacteria, and actinomycetes along with a diversity of R. solanacearum antagonists such as S. maltophilia, Citrobacter freundii, Acinetobacter sp., Delftia sp., and Serratia marcescens.
Effects of climatic changes on olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) population dynamic with respect to the efficacy of its larval parasitoid in Egyptian olive trees
Authors: Abd El-Salam Ahmed Mohamed Ezzat , Salem Sadek Abdel-Wahed , Abdel-Rahman Ragab Shaker , El-Behery Hoda Hassan , Magd Elden Mona Ahmed
Published: December 2019

Background

The potential effects of two parameters of climatic change conditions (temperature and relative humidity) on the population dynamics of the olive fly across the two ecological areas in Egypt were studied. The olive trees in El-Behera Governorate are more affected by the olive fly compared to the olive trees in the orchard of El-Fayoum Governorate. In this study, the character of climate change in influencing the dynamics of insect population and associated parasites was discussed at the regional level.

Results

The results exhibited that the olive trees in the coast governorate were more susceptible to the olive fly than the inner governorate. The parasitism percentage was recorded 41.7 and 46.4% at the beginning of the seasons 2016 and 2017, respectively in El-Fayoum Governorate. In El-Behera Governorate, the maximum parasitism percentage was recorded 49.5% (2016 season), while the 2017 season, the parasitism percentage was recorded 50.4%. The majority of the ordinary parasite was Psyttalia concolor in the two regions.

Conclusion

The study clarifies that there is a positive correlation between B. oleae abundance and the effects of temperature and its parasitoid, Psyttalia concolor. Further, there is no significance found between the olive fly and relative humidity and its parasitoid populations.
Efficacy of soil solarization on black root rot disease and speculation on its leverage on nematodes and weeds of strawberry in Egypt
Authors: Abd-Elgawad Mahfouz M. M. , Elshahawy Ibrahim E. , Abd-El-Kareem Farid
Published: December 2019

Background

Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is an economically important crop in Egypt. Yet complex black root rot disease of strawberry caused by Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium sp. can cause considerable yield losses. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating different aspects of soil solarization against this disease. Such an evaluation would better be viewed in the context of other beneficial effects of soil solarization on nematodes and weeds.

Materials/methods

Growth agar disks, growth suspension, and resting stages of strawberry black root rot fungi were evaluated at different temperatures and exposure times using digital hot water bath. Cloth bags artificially infested with single fungal species were buried into the soil before soil solarization at soil depths of 1–10, 11–20, and 21–30 cm at three spots of each plot for each of the abovementioned fungi for 3, 6, or 9 weeks. The disease incidence and severity in solarized and un-solarized soil was compared with the application of the fungicide Actamyl. Effects of soil solarization on nematodes and weeds were also consulted.

Results

The lethal temperature to F. solani, Pythium sp., and R. solani was 58, 58, and 56 °C, respectively when exposure time was 1 min. Chlamydospores were killed at 62 °C while sclerotia were killed at 58 °C in hot water for 1 min. Maximum soil temperature in solarized soil was raised by 15, 14, and 12 °C at depths of 1–10, 11–20, and 21–30 cm as compared with non-solarized soil. Solarization for 3, 6, and 9 weeks significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity and increased the strawberry yield. Complete reduction in total count of all tested fungi was obtained after 9 weeks at all tested depths. A review of collective soil pest and pathogen control via solarization documented its beneficial application.

Conclusion

The study may exploit hot months in Egypt for soil solarization against the serious root rot disease either singly or in an integrated pest management program.
Ecological and microbiological diversity of chigger mites, including vectors of scrub typhus, on small mammals across stratified habitats in Thailand
Authors: Chaisiri Kittipong , Gill A. Christina , Stekolnikov Alexandr A. , Hinjoy Soawapak , McGarry John W. , Darby Alistair C. , Morand Serge , Makepeace Benjamin L.
Published: December 2019

Background

Scrub typhus, caused by a bacterial pathogen (Orientia spp.), is a potentially life-threatening febrile illness widely distributed in the Asia-Pacific region and is emerging elsewhere. The infection is transmitted by the larval stage of trombiculid mites (“chiggers”) that often exhibit low host specificity. Here, we present an analysis of chigger ecology for 38 species sampled from 11 provinces of Thailand and microbiomes for eight widespread species.

Results

In total, > 16,000 individual chiggers were collected from 1574 small mammal specimens belonging to 18 species across four horizontally-stratified habitat types. Chigger species richness was positively associated with higher latitudes, dry seasonal conditions, and host maturity; but negatively associated with increased human land use. Human scrub typhus incidence was found to be positively correlated with chigger species richness. The bacterial microbiome of chiggers was highly diverse, with Sphingobium, Mycobacterium, Neisseriaceae and various Bacillales representing the most abundant taxa. Only Leptotrombidium deliense was found to be infected with Orientia and another potential pathogen, Borrelia spp., was frequently detected in pools of this species. β-diversity, but not α-diversity, was significantly different between chigger species and geographic regions, although not between habitat types.

Conclusion

Our study identified several key environmental and host-derived correlates of chigger species richness across Thailand, which in turn impacted on human scrub typhus incidence. Moreover, this first extensive field survey of the chigger microbiome revealed species- and province-level variation in microbial β-diversity across the country, providing a framework for future studies on interactions between pathogens and other symbionts in these understudied vectors.
Treatment of Older Patients With Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL): Long-Term Follow-Up of the Randomized European MCL Elderly Trial
Authors: Kluin-Nelemans Hanneke C. , Hoster Eva , Hermine Olivier , Walewski Jan , Geisler Christian H. , Trneny Marek , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Kaiser Florian , Doorduijn Jeanette K. , Salles Gilles , Szymczyk Michal , Tilly Hervé , Kanz Lothar , Schmidt Christian , Feugier Pierre , Thieblemont Catherine , Zijlstra Josée M. , Ribrag Vincent , Klapper Wolfram , Pott Christiane , Unterhalt Michael , Dreyling Martin H.
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE

In an update of the randomized, open-label, phase III European Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) Elderly trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00209209 ), published in 2012, we aimed to confirm results on long-term outcome focusing on efficacy and safety of long-term use of rituximab maintenance.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Five hundred sixty patients with newly diagnosed MCL underwent a first random assignment between rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) and rituximab, fludarabine, and cyclophosphamide (R-FC) induction, followed by a second random assignment in 316 responders between rituximab and interferon alfa maintenance, to be continued until progression. We compared progression-free survival from the second randomization and overall survival (OS) from the first or second randomizations.

RESULTS

After a median follow-up time of 7.6 years, the previously described difference in OS between the induction arms persisted (median, 6.4 years after R-CHOP [n = 280] v 3.9 years after R-FC [n = 280]; P = .0054). Patients responding to R-CHOP had median progression-free survival and OS times of 5.4 and 9.8 years, respectively, when randomly assigned to rituximab (n = 87), compared with 1.9 years ( P < .001) and 7.1 years ( P = .0026), respectively, when randomly assigned to interferon alfa (n = 97). In 58% and 32% of patients treated with R-CHOP, rituximab maintenance was still ongoing 2 and 5 years from start of maintenance, respectively. After R-FC, rituximab maintenance was associated with an unexpectedly high cumulative incidence of death in remission (22% at 5 years). Toxicity of rituximab maintenance was low after R-CHOP (grade 3-4 leukopenia or infection < 5%) but more prominent in patients on rituximab maintenance after R-FC, in whom grade 3-4 leukopenia (up to 40%) and infections were frequent (up to 15%).

CONCLUSION

The excellent results of R-CHOP followed by rituximab maintenance until progression for older patients with MCL persisted in a mature follow-up. Prolongation of rituximab maintenance beyond 2 years is effective and safe.
Predicting Weight Loss Using Psychological and Behavioral Factors: The POUNDS LOST Trial
Authors: Liu Xiaoran , Hanseman Dennis J , Champagne Catherine M , Bray George A , Qi Lu , Williamson Donald A , Anton Stephen D , Sacks Frank M , Tong Jenny
Published: December 2019

Context

Eating habits and food craving are strongly correlated with weight status. It is currently not well understood how psychological and behavioral factors influence both weight loss and weight regain.

Objective

To examine the associations between psychological and behavioral predictors with weight changes and energy intake in a randomized controlled trial on weight loss.

Design and setting

The Prevention of Obesity Using Novel Dietary Strategies is a dietary intervention trial that examined the efficacy of 4 diets on weight loss over 2 years. Participants were 811 overweight (body mass index, 25-40.9 kg/m2; age, 30-70 years) otherwise healthy adults.

Results

Every 1-point increase in craving score for high-fat foods at baseline was associated with greater weight loss (-1.62 kg, P = .0004) and a decrease in energy intake (r = -0.10, P = .01) and fat intake (r = -0.16, P < .0001) during the weight loss period. In contrast, craving for carbohydrates/starches was associated with both less weight loss (P < .0001) and more weight regain (P = .04). Greater cognitive restraint of eating at baseline was associated with both less weight loss (0.23 kg, P < .0001) and more weight regain (0.14 kg, P = .0027), whereas greater disinhibition of eating was only associated with more weight regain (0.12 kg, P = .01).

Conclusions

Craving for high-fat foods is predictive of greater weight loss, whereas craving for carbohydrates is predictive of less weight loss. Cognitive restraint is predictive of less weight loss and more weight regain. Interventions targeting different psychological and behavioral factors can lead to greater success in weight loss.
Multifocal primary musculoskeletal tuberculosis in nonimmunocompromised patient from nonendemic area
Authors: Ali Hosameldeen Mostafa , Shoshan Hoda Mohamed Abdelaziz
Published: December 2019

Iliopsoas primary tuberculous abscess is a rare clinical and imaging entity. Most reported imaging literature cases are secondary to tuberculous spondylodiscitis. Iliopsoas tuberculous inflammation and abscess constitutes a diagnostic challenge owing to its insidious onset and subtle non-specific symptoms. Here, in a case of right iliopsoas and thigh primary tuberculosis abscess complicated with right iliac bone osteomyelitis extended to the right hip joint. The conventional radiography, thigh and pelvic ultrasonography, MRI and CT examinations showed the whole right iliopsoas and thigh abscess compartments and right iliac bone osteomyelitis. No defined other pulmonary or abdominal tuberculous lesions. Percutaneous drainage of the thigh compartment under ultrasound guidance and microbiologic culture of the drained fluid elicited mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Data Analytics in the Internet of Things: A Survey
Authors: Saleem Tausifa Jan , Chishti Mohammad Ahsan
Published: December 2019

The plethora of sensors deployed in Internet of Things (IoT) environments generate unprecedented volumes of data, thereby creating a data deluge. Data collected from these sensors can be used to comprehend, examine and control intricate environments around us, facilitating greater intelligence, smarter decision-making, and better performance. The key challenge here is how to mine out proﬁcient information from such immense data. Copious solutions have been put forth to obtain valuable inferences and insights, however, these solutions are still in their developing stages. Moreover, conventional procedures do not address the surging analytical demands of IoT systems. Motivated to resolve this concern, this work investigates the key enablers for performing desired data analytics in IoT applications. A comprehensive survey on the identiﬁed key enablers including their role in IoT data analytics, use cases in which they have been applied and the corresponding IoT applications for the use cases is presented. Furthermore, open research challenges and future research opportunities are also discussed. This article can be used as a basis to foster advanced research in the arena of IoT data analytics.
Performance of Energy Conservation Models, Generic, Micaz and Micamotes, using AODV Routing Protocol on a Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Dhull Kiran , Arora Payal , Luhach Ashish Kumar
Published: December 2019

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN’s) have gained a considerable importance and are used for a variety of applications. In WSN, an arrangement of sensor nodes is done to sense and collect information from its nearby environment and to send it back to the base station using routing protocol. The biggest challenges are how to handle the routing problems and to optimize the energy consumption in WSN. In this paper, performance evaluation of three energy models, Generic, Micaz and Micamotes, is presented using Ad-Hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. The performance evaluation is done using several parameters: Throughput, Jitter, Average End-to-End Delay (AEED), Total Packets Received (TPR) and Energy consumption inthree modes (transmit, receive and idle). Based on the evaluation, it has been found that Micamotes energy model using AODV routing protocol consumes less energy by 80.46% and 428.57% in transmit mode , 102.94% and 335.6% in receive mode from Micaz and Generic energy models, respectively.
Applying Semantic Web Technologies to Discover an Ontology of Computer Attacks
Authors: Zamfira Andrei , Fat Raluca , Cenan Calin
Published: December 2019

The main scope of this paper is to present a methodology of engineering an ontology and to demonstrate how it is applied for designing and evaluating cyber-defense systems. The ontology is intended to be a vast model of the cybersecurity domain that captures a lot of information about attacks, source and target systems, methods, vulnerabilities exploited, consequences, controls for mitigation etc. For evaluating the quality of the proposed model we headed towards state-of-art methodologies comprised of a suite of metrics for assessing, among others: correctness, consistency, accuracy, completeness, soundness, task orientation. For the most important task, evaluation of efficacy in attacks detection, the proposed ontology was used as a knowledge model of aprototype web application firewall and we tested the system on a known evaluation dataset. The proposed system yielded a good detection rate and a low rate of false positives and negatives on the test data, and it was compared with other existing solutions in the field.
Pressure ulcers: the core, care and cure approach
Authors: Sumarno Adi Subrata
Published: December 2019

Pressure ulcer/injury remains a significant health problem in the community, requiring comprehensive care. Nurses are involved in the management and prevention of pressure injury. However, to date, studies focusing on applying nursing theory to pressure ulcer care have been limited. In the present study, the three dimensions of Lydia Hall's 1964 theory—core, care and cure—are extensively discussed and linked with the practice of pressure injury management. It is hoped that this review will help community nurses understand the application of this nursing theory to the prevention and management of pressure injury.
Nonlinear optical absorption properties of zirconium selenide in generating dark soliton and dark-bright soliton pairs
Authors: Zheng Yue , Wang Mengxiao , Zhao Rui , Zhang Huanian , Liu Danhua , Li Dengwang
Published: December 2019

Our work reports the preparation of zirconium selenide (

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)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film-type saturable absorber (SA) and its nonlinear absorption performance in obtaining dark soliton and dark-bright soliton pairs in an Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The saturation intensity and modulation depth of the

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and 2.3%, respectively. Due to the modulation of the SA, under a pump power of 525.2 mW, stable dark soliton operation with an average output power of 9.75 mW, and a pulse repetition frequency of 20.84 MHz, a pulse width of 3.85 ns was attained successfully. By adjusting the state of the polarization controllers, dark-bright soliton pairs were also observed. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first demonstration focusing on the nonlinear optical absorption applications of

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in obtaining dark soliton and dark-bright soliton pairs. Our results show that

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is a good two-dimensional SA material for acting as an ultrafast optical device due to its suitable nonlinear optical absorption properties.
All optically driven memory device for terahertz waves
Authors: Chen Si-Chao , Yuan Hong-Kuan , Zhai Zhao-Hui , Du Liang-Hui , Zhong Sen-Cheng , Zhu Hong-Fu , Shi Qi-Wu , Huang Wan-Xia , Li Ze-Ren , Zhu Li-Guo
Published: December 2019

We demonstrate an all optically driven memory device based on vanadium dioxide (

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memory device is coded in reconfigurable and multi-level states, taking advantage of its hysteretic metal-to-insulator phase transition (MIT). Further, writing with intense femtosecond pulses, the memory effects are performed by non-thermal photo-induced MIT, and resultant 2-bit coding with a write time of 22 µs is demonstrated, yielding a dramatically improved write rate compared to existing thermally controlled

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memory device. The proposed all optically driven

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-based memory device paves the way for actively manipulating THz waves within robust reconfigurable high-speed memory functionality.
I think I’m happy, she thought, but am I real?
Authors: Sommer Carol
Published: December 2019

I am interested in the possibilities of redressing the absence of feminine subjectivity in the discourses surrounding Iris Murdoch’s philosophical and fictional writing. @cartography_for_girls is an Instagram account set up to share some of the expressions of feminine subjectivity sourced from within Murdoch’s 26 novels, originally published between 1954 and 1995. Murdoch’s incorporation of her particular metaphysical thinking into the reflections, deliberations and doubts of her fictional women characters made me wonder how these philosophically loaded impressions might fare on the affect- and information-driven social networking platform Instagram. ‘I think I’m happy, she thought, but am I real?’, for example, is an interior thought that resonates in ways more than metaphysical against the backdrop of Web 2.0, and is one of 100 posts shared daily from 21 October 2017 to 23 January 2018.
Anti-sonnets
Authors: Staniforth Mark
Published: December 2019

The following article selects twelve works from Mark Staniforth’s year-long ‘Anti-sonnets’ series, for which Staniforth created an experimental sonnet for each day of the year. The project forms part of a broader investigation into the potential exploitation of subjectivity in modern, multi-media-inspired praxis. The sonnets recognize the inevitable failure of the pursuit of absolute objectivity: that authorial influence can never entirely be purged. Therefore it was appropriate that the sonnets were created for and shared on a blog – one of the earliest examples of Web 2.0 user-generated content-driven web design (https://antisonnets.wordpress.com/).
La demanda del turismo europeo sobre Andalucía medida a través de los alojamientos hoteleros en 2017: un modelo de gravedad
Authors: Sánchez-Rivas García Javier , Pérez-Hidalgo María Dolores , Pablo-Romero Gil-Delgado María del Pópulo , Camúñez-Ruiz José Antonio
Published: December 2019

La demanda turística sobre Andalucía (región al sur de España), desde los países europeos, es medida a través del número de turistas alojados en establecimientos hoteleros, para el año 2017. Un modelo econométrico de gravedad sencillo explica dicha demanda, usando elasticidades, a través del PIB de cada país y de la distancia en kilómetros desde dicho país a Andalucía. La obtención de pendiente cercana a la unidad con respecto al PIB nos permite definir una nueva variable, la demanda relativizada por el PIB, y modelizar la misma a partir de la distancia. La pendiente negativa de esta nueva modelización permite plantear la formulación de políticas que minimicen el factor distancia de los países europeos a Andalucía si se quiere incrementar la demanda.
How to Carry Out a Democratic Ethnobotanical Study
Authors: Carlessi Pedro Crepaldi
Published: December 2019

This contribution aims to share some experiences and methodological considerations that arose during an ethnobotanical research project with an Afro-Brazilian religious community in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. By presenting ontological features of plants used in religious practices, and the ways relations are created within this religious cosmology, this work opens a discussion about the political commitments of doing contemporary ethnobotanical science. When the ways of being and living in communities considered “traditional”—here referring to Afro-Brazilian religious communities, and specifically to the Umbanda Afro-Brazilian religion—are treated as equally valid, questions arise about the reaches of our own scientific practices, creating possibilities to construct practices and policies that preserve these communities’ vitality in the face of the overwhelming imposition of colonialism. In this sense, ethnobotanical research is at an analytical crossroads that can give the field an advantage over the political paralysis of the sciences and over the clandestine politicization of science as the spokesperson for a singular nature. These considerations lead to self-reflection on scientific expertise and democratic ways of producing knowledge about plants in plural cultural contexts.
El voluntariado como espacio formativo en competencias interculturales. Un aporte para la integralidad de la formación universitaria
Authors: Clérico Gracia María , Bonelli Mariana , Ingüi Patricia
Published: December 2019

Se presenta una intervención en Santa Fe, en el marco de una experiencia de extensión de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, focalizada en la inclusión socioeducativa y cultural de adolescentes de poblaciones socialmente vulnerables que se lleva adelante desde 2009 en forma conjunta con la Asociación Cultural para el Desarrollo Integral, a la que recientemente se incorporaron otras dos organizaciones no gubernamentales: Asociación de Artistas Plásticos Santafesinos y Asociación Civil “Espacios Ekekos”. La trama tejida en este recorrido ofrece interesantes modalidades para contribuir a la integralidad de la formación universitaria. Esta brinda una contribución significativa para la formación en competencias interculturales de los estudiantes que participan como voluntarios.
Sosok Perempuan dalam Pandangan Bung Karno pada Memoar Sarinah: Sebuah Analisis Wacana Kritis Feminis
Authors: Suyanto Suyanto
Published: December 2019

This study aims: (1) to describe and explain Soekarno's views about women in Sarinah’s memoir by Ir. Soekarno and (2) explained the portrait of Sarinah, a woman during the independence period. Both of these aspects are explained in the frame of sociocultural factors that cause sexism in Sarinah’s memoirs. The material object of this research is a memoir entitled Sarinah, by Ir. Soekarno, first President of the Republic of Indonesia. The formal object of this research is the use of Indonesian in the perspective of critical feminist discourse analysis in the Sara Mills Model. Data collection is done by referring to the method developed with note-taking techniques and literature studies to capture data on social identity, knowledge, and author’s beliefs and literature to obtain data on the social, institutional, and situation of the birth of the memoir. Data analysis is done by reducing data, displaying data, verifying data, interpreting and interpreting the theory, and summarizing the results. In analyzing the data of this study, it was explained by Sara Mills’s feminist stylistic theory and Teun van Dijk's social cognition theory.
Delumping Strategy to Infer Lubrication Reaction Pathways in Internal Combustion Engines
Authors: Domínguez-García S. , Béjar-Gómez L. , Huirache-Acuna R. , Lara-Romero J. , Maya-Yescas R.
Published: December 2019

Lubricant reactions in internal combustion engines follow complex reaction pathways, in which oil (hydrocarbons) and additives form protecting films (known as tribofilms) on the surfaces of the cylinder-piston couple. Up-to-date there is not a fundamental model useful to describe the chemistry involved in formation of these tribofilms, and degradation of oils and additives as result of working time of the engine. One of the main problems associated is the impossible measuring of the actual phenomena inside the engine, at working conditions. In order to model formation of tribofilms, starting by lumping two main groups of lubricating molecules, anti-shear and anti-wear, the lumped kinetics model for degradation products was solved, based on actual data collected in commercial engine workshops. Later these two-lump reaction schemes were delumped into two new systems, each one consisting of three lumps, in order to infer lubricant reaction pathways that form tribofilms and degrade lubricants. Distribution of anti-shear and anti-wear lubricants in tribofilms was predicted by simulation of these two delumped schemes.
Electrochemical Mechanism for the Preparation of Fe-Si Alloys by Melts Electrodeposition
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Dongbin , Liang Jing-long , Yan Hong-yan , Cai Zong-ying , Reddy Ramana G.
Published: December 2019

The melts dissolution characteristics and reaction process during the preparation of Fe-Si alloys by the melts electrochemical method were studied. The thermodynamic calculations and experimental results showed that the solubility of SiO2 in KCl-NaCl-NaF melts was 0.24 mas% at 1073 K. The cyclic voltammetry data showed that the reduction of SiO2 on a Pt electrode was a one-step electron process; when SiO2 accounted for 0.24 mas% of the NaCl-KCl-NaF melts, the Fe-Si alloy was prepared by electrodeposition at 1073 K. When the deposition time was 30 min, Fe3Si was formed.
Intraventricular pressure in non-communicating hydrocephalus patients before endoscopic third ventriculostomy
Authors: Tiefenthaler Werner , Burtscher Johannes , Moser Patrizia L. , Lorenz Ingo H. , Kolbitsch Christian
Published: December 2019

Background

In patients with non-communicating hydrocephalus impairment of cerebral compliance can occur pre- but also intraoperatively.

Methodology

In such patients (n = 6) undergoing endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), the present study aimed to investigate the effect of ETCO2 (e.g 40 mmHg and 60 mmHg) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (e.g. 6 cm and 12 cm H2O) on intraventricular pressure (IVP).

Findings

Before but not after ETV, hypercapnia in contrast to PEEP increased IVP

(before ETV

(PEEP-6/ ETCO2-40: 2.6 ± 2.4 mmHg) vs. (PEEP-6/ ETCO2-60: 12 ± 6.4 mmHg*); (PEEP-12/ ETCO2-40: 4.2 ± 4.1 mmHg) vs. (PEEP-12/ ETCO2-60: 13.7 ± 7.6 mmHg*), * significant, P ≤ 0.05;

after ETV

(PEEP-6/ ETCO2-40: 2.0 ± 1.2 mmHg) vs. (PEEP-6/ ETCO2-60: 4.4 ± 3.1 mmHg); (PEEP-12/ ETCO2-40: 1.6 ± 1.3 mmHg) vs. (PEEP-12/ ETCO2-60: 6.6 ± 2.6 mmHg), * significant, P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

Patients with non-communicating hydrocephalus showed that hypercapnia but not PEEP increases significantly IVP before but not after ETV.
Possibilities of Pressure Die Casting of Iron Alloys
Authors: Ružbarský Juraj , Sitko Jacek
Published: December 2019

The current trends of production of casts are directed towards production of components disposing of higher accuracy, increased quality of surface and homogenous structure. In case of a thin-walled cast the development of speed of pressing and of pressure was observed inside the mould cavity during pressure die casting of ferrous alloys. In case of die casting of ferrous alloys the attention was paid to life service of a pressing piston and of a filling chamber. The optimal temperature of the steel casting ranges from 1600 to 1750°C and optimal mould temperature ranged from 220 to 260°C. The residues having occurred in gates reached the hardness of 38 HRC and in case of casts the value was of 45 HRC. Influence of acting of resistance pressure on the thin-walled casts only minimally. With the increasing resistance pressure the structure becomes more fine-grained and along with the increasing thickness of the wall the influence of the resistance pressure increases as well. Technology of pressure die casting of iron alloys can be compared with the pressure die casting technology of aluminium alloys. As standard, for pressure die casting the cast irons with carbon content of lower than 3% are recommended.
Properties Prediction of Linear Block-Polyurethanes Based on the Mixtures of Simple Oligoethers
Authors: Anisimov Volodymyr Mykolaovych , Anisimov Volodymyr Volodymyrovych , Krenicky Tibor
Published: December 2019

Polyurethanes are materials usable in wide spectrum of applications. This article is aimed at the properties tailoring of selected polymers by an alteration in initial materials. To achieve that goal, we proposed form the polyurethane matrix by mixing materials that have a different ratio of the initial components. Mathematical model has been developed that describes relationship of structure and strength, deformation, rheological and tribotechnical characteristics of linear block-polyurethanes based on oligoether blends. Oligoethers blend samples were obtained by injection moulding on an automatic thermoplastication machine with varying proportions of the starting components over the whole concentration range. A significant change of properties over the whole concentration range was observed and compositions with unique combination of characteristics have been determined. Obtained dependencies allow to predict the composition of the binary mixture with a tailored level of strength, deformation, rheological and tribotechnical characteristics. The obtained results are fully consistent with the practical experience of processing and exploitation of initial polyurethanes.
A weave of symbolic violence: dominance and complicity in sociolinguistic research on multilingualism
Authors: Ganuza Natalia , Karlander David , Salö Linus
Published: December 2019

This paper discusses symbolic violence in sociolinguistic research on multilingualism. It revisits an archived recording of a group discussion between four boys about their chances of having sex with a female researcher. The data is rife with symbolic violence. Most obviously, the conversation enacted a heterosexist form of symbolic violence. This was, however, not the only direction in which violence was exerted. As argued by (Bourdieu & Wacquant. 1992.An invitation to reflexive sociology. Cambridge: Polity), symbolic violence involves two fundamental elements – domination and complicity. In the case at hand, the boys’ sexist banter conformed to dominant expectations about their linguistic behavior, imbued in the research event. This is symbolic complicity of the kind that the Bourdieusian notion foresees. Yet another subordination to the dominant vision occurred when the researchers captured the conversation on tape, but decided to exempt it from publication. Here, we argue that giving deepened attention to sociolinguists’ own run-ins with symbolic violence during research is valuable, because it provides an opportunity to reflexively consider the social conditions of the research practices, in relation to the data produced and analyzed. Ultimately, this reflexive exercise may help sociolinguists sharpen their tools for understanding the give and take of dominance and complicity unfolding in their data.
The crystal structure of trans-carbonyl-(diphenylcyclohexyl-phosphine-κP)iodidomethyl-(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-olato-κ2
O,O′)rhodium(III), C25H28INO3PRh
Authors: Elmakki Mohammed A. , Alexander Orbett T. , Roodt Andreas
Published: December 2019

C25H28INO3PRh, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.339(4) Å, b = 9.887(5) Å, c = 23.069(9) Å, β = 91.125(5)°, Z = 4, V = 2585.7(19) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0463, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1093, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of catena-poly[(E)-2-(((5-((trimethylstannyl)thio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol], C12H15N3OS2Sn
Authors: Sun Junshan
Published: December 2019

C12H15N3OS2Sn, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 13.101(6) Å, b = 11.151(5) Å, c = 20.855(10) Å, V = 3047(2) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0440, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1560, T = 298(2) K.
Crystal structure of 7-(2-{4-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethoxy)-2H-chromen-2-one, C22H23BrN2O3
Authors: Joubert Jacques , Foka Germaine B.
Published: December 2019

C22H23BrN2O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.9023(9) Å, b = 14.554(2) Å, c = 22.801(4) Å, β = 90.801(2)°, V = 1958.5(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0388, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0961, T = 100(2) K.