bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo fitossociológico em fragmento de caatinga em dois estágios de conservação, Patos, Paraíba
Authors: Santos William de Sousa , Souza Maílson Pereira de , Santos Wellington de Sousa , Medeiros Felipe Silva de , Alves Allyson Rocha
Published: April 2018

Os estudos fitossociológicos são ferramentas fundamentais para a compreensão das espécies florestais em uma determinada comunidade, sendo possível estabelecer graus de hierarquização entre as espécies e avaliar a necessidade de medidas voltadas para a preservação e conservações. O objetivo foi comparar duas fisionomias florestais de Caatinga buscando a melhor forma de compreender o comportamento da vegetação diante de ações antrópicas. O trabalho foi realizado no Distrito de Santa Gertrudes, Patos-PB. A área onde foram inventariadas as espécies foi dividida em duas (Área I e Área II), onde foram lançadas quatro unidades amostrais de 20 m x 20 m distribuídas de maneira aleatória em cada áreas. Na área I ocorreu 318 indivíduos, distribuídos em 9 famílias, 16 gêneros e 16 espécies, na área II foram amostrados 379 indivíduos, distribuídos em  2 famílias,  3 gêneros e  3 espécies. As famílias mais importantes em número de espécies e indivíduos em ambas as áreas foram Fabaceae e Euphorbiaceae. O corte raso seguido de broca em florestas de caatinga provoca redução da diversidade e dominância de certos grupos de espécies.
Caracterização florística e fitossociológica em área de Caatinga para fins de manejo florestal no município de São Francisco-PI
Authors: Vasconcelos Alexandro Dias Martins , Henriques Ikallo George Nunes , De Souza Maílson Pereira , Santos William de Sousa , Santos Wellington de Sousa , Ramos Gabriela Gomes
Published: April 2018

Objetivou-se neste trabalho conhecer a diversidade florística-fitossociológica e a produção madeireira de uma área de caatinga destinada ao Manejo Florestal Sustentável. Realizou-se o inventário florestal por meio da Amostragem Aleatória Simples, instalando-se 19 unidades amostrais de 20 x 20 m. Avaliou-se os parâmetros fitossociológicos da estrutura horizontal e vertical, a diversidade florística das espécies e a produção madeireira da área. As famílias Fabaceae, Apocynaceae e Combretaceae foram as mais representativas. As três espécies de maior representação na área foram Combretum glaucocarpum Mart., Xylopia sericea A.St.-Hil. e Terminalia fagifolia Mart . O índice de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H’) observado para a área foi de 3,08 nats. ind-1. A área basal estimada para a área foi de 3,08 m².ha-1. O volume real estimado foi de 112,9 m³.ha-1. Para todo o efeito de comparação, a diversidade de espécies no fragmento estudado foi considerada elevada para o padrão normal em áreas de Caatinga, haja vista que quando comparada com outros estudos, apresentou superior.
Produção de mudas orgânicas com raiz longa de maracujazeiro-amarelo
Authors: Da Silva Raiury Santos , Araújo Neto Sebastião Elviro , Da Silva Nilciléia Mendes , Da Silva Daiany Fonteneles , E Souza Luís Gustavo De Souza , Uchôa Thays Lemos
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar tamanhos de recipientes no crescimento de mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo de raiz longa produzido em sistema orgânico. O experimento foi realizado no período de agosto de 2016 a janeiro de 2017 no Sítio Ecológico Seridó em Rio Branco, Acre. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos, quatro repetições com três plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de tubos de PVC de 75 mm de diâmetro com tamanhos de: 25 cm; 50 cm, 75 cm; 100 cm e 125 cm. Foi utilizado substrato alternativo com condicionador ouricurí. Após 148 dias da semeadura foram avaliadas as seguintes características: altura, diâmetro do colo, massa seca da parte aérea, de raiz e total. As mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo crescem linearmente em função do tamanho do recipiente e volume de substrato. A utilização de recipientes de 125 cm promovem a obtenção de mudas com maior qualidade em relação aos recipientes menores.
Posturas adotadas pelos trabalhadores na implantação e manutenção de florestas de produção
Authors: Berude Leandro Christo , Fiedler Nilton Cesar , Carmo Flavio Cipriano de Assis do , Gonçalves Saulo Boldrini , Canzian Weslen Pintor
Published: April 2018

As atividades de implantação e manutenção florestal realizadas de forma manual e semimecanizadas são operações que exigem elevado esforço postural dos trabalhadores. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as posturas adotadas pelos trabalhadores nas atividades de implantação e manutenção florestal. Participaram da avaliação 22 trabalhadores de uma empresa prestadora de serviços. Foram analisadas as atividades de aplicação de herbicida, coveamento, adubação, plantio, coroamento, poda, capina e roçada. As posturas foram coletadas e analisadas por meio de filmagens e medições para posterior aplicação do método OWAS. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, a atividade de plantio apresentou a postura mais incorreta e danosa, sendo sugeridas correções tão logo quanto possível. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as únicas atividades que não necessitam de nenhuma medida corretiva foram a adubação, aplicação de herbicida e roçada. Em 12,5% das atividades são necessárias correções posturais tão logo quanto possível e em 37,5% são necessárias correções em um futuro próximo.
Ocorrência de incêndios florestais em Caicó e Natal - RN.
Authors: Diógenes Francisco Edislan Gurgel , Guimarães Pompeu Paes , Botrel Rejane Tavares
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o período de maior probabilidade de ocorrência de incêndios florestais para Caicó e Natal, Rio Grande do Norte por meio da utilização da Fórmula de Monte Alegre Alterada (FMA+) aplicada de forma acumulativa aos dados diários de umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento medidas às 13 horas, e a precipitação pluviométrica no período compreendido entre 2010 a 2014. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que nos meses contidos entre julho e janeiro foram encontradas as maiores concentrações dos graus de perigo classificados como altos e muito altos; sendo que os meses de agosto a novembro apresentaram maiores probabilidades de ocorrência de incêndios florestais. Em contrapartida os meses de março, abril e maio, apresentaram a menor probabilidade de ocorrência de incêndios florestais para a cidade de Caicó-RN. Já para a cidade de Natal-RN, os meses que apresentaram uma maior probabilidade de ocorrência de incêndios florestais concentram-se entre outubro e janeiro, sendo que os meses compreendidos no período de fevereiro a setembro apresentam uma maior variação entre as classes de perigo de incêndio. Os meses junho, julho e agosto apresentam menor probabilidade de ocorrência de incêndios florestais.
Upaya Peningkatan Produktifitas Pengusaha Lele Melalui Mesin Pelet Lele
Authors: Afandi Akhmad , Lusia Nuraini , Wari Naris
Published: April 2018

Application technology for society of catfish’s entrepreneur has been done in Kedungrejo village, Muncar district. The purpose of this activity to improve the knowledge of partners for catfish’s business, appropriate technology for making pellet has been applicated to decrease the cost of catfish feed (pellet). The target reached is producing appropriate technology for catfish feed mould, improvement knowledge of partner in catfish business was marked with increasing capability to make catfish feed independently and increasing the number of catfish harvested 50-70%.  The result of this activity is the creation of catfish feed with drying system machine. The improvement of knowledge in operating and maintenance of that machine through the training by the dedication team. By the appropriate technology of catfish feed with drying system machine, the income of catfish business was increased 70% from the total cost. This activity was very advantages for the partners
Pelatihan Kompetensi Komunikasi Bagi Anggota Karang Taruna Padu Selaras di Kec. Ciburial Bandung
Authors: Prasanti Ditha , Indriani Sri Seti
Published: April 2018

This article is the result of Community Service Activities (PKM) which has been done by the author on members of Karang Taruna Padu Selaras in Cirapuhan village, Kec. Ciburial, Bandung. PKM activities conducted are about Communication Competency Training for Coral Reef Members Padu Selaras in Cirapuhan village, Kec.Ciburial, Bandung. Community Service Activities has the objective of producing outcomes, namely: 1) Providing concrete knowledge and insight on communication competency training; 2) Provide basic skills on communication competence for members of Karang Taruna Padu Selaras. The method of PKM implementation conducted in this training activity is ice breaking method; lecture method; Group discussion methods; And feedback collection methods. The conclusions of this communication competency training are: (1) As a benchmark for members of Karang Taruna Padu Selaras in understanding the communication competence (2) Increasing their awareness of the importance of having good and right communication competence; (3) Improving the basic capability of members of the Parang Taruna Padu Synchronized in communicating.
Linking Green HRM Practices with Organizational Practices for Organizational and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Dubey Sweety , Verma Bhuwan Gupta
Published: April 2018

As we are becoming more materialistic and money oriented, somehow we are overlooking the environment sustainability by depleting or degrading our natural resources. By analyzing the seriousness of the problem many organizations across the globe trying to go green and implementing various policies and practices to ensure the social, economic and most importantly the environment sustainability. Green HRM practices are one of those innovative HR practices through which we can link our workforce with mission to save our three pillars of stable environment, and HR department can play a significant role to make its workforce ready to understand the importance of such initiatives in long run and to motivate them so that the workforce can actively contribute in achieving the target. Many sectors in India are breaking the glass ceiling and moving towards modern innovative practices in place of traditional one but still there is lack of awareness among various sectors about the Green HR practices, therefore the success of this initiative is largely based on the leadership skills of the top management of any of the organization to spread awareness among the people and to change their mindset so that they can readily accept and adopt the change. The objective of this paper is to analyze the benefits of Green HRM for creating sustainable environment by analyzing the initiative taken by different sectors in this concern and to suggest the importance of environmental sustainability in service sector especially in the education sector in India
Non Performing Assets: A study of Pithoragarh District Co- Operative Bank Ltd (Uttarakhand)
Authors: Joshi Vimal Kumar , Joshi C. S.
Published: April 2018

Now a days the Indian banking sector has been facing serious problems of raising Non – Performing Assets. Non – Performing Assets are a burning topic of concern for the public sector banks, as managing and controlling NPA is very important. A well – built banking sector is significant for a prosperous economy. The crash of banking sector may have an unfavourable blow on other sectors. A banker should be very cautious in lending, because banker is not lending money out of his own pocket. A major portion of the money lent comes from the public deposits and government share. At present NPA is increasing year by year in nationalized banks. According to the RBI data the Gross NPA of nationalised banks as on end of September 2017 hits 7.34 lakh crore. In this direction present paper is undertaken to study the reasons for advances becoming NPA of the Pithoragarh District CO- Operative Bank ltd and to give suitable suggestions to overcome the mentioned problem.
A Study Report on Consumer Awareness towards Pithoragarh District Co-Operative Bank
Authors: Joshi Vimal Kumar , Joshi C.  S.
Published: April 2018

This paper deals the consumers ability to understand common banking services and e-banking with special reference to Pithoragarh and Champawat District of Uttarakhand in respect of Pithoragarh district co –operative Bank ltd. Data for this investigation were collected from primary sources only. Random sampling is used. The data was collected during the months between Dec 2017 to Jan 2018.The data collected from the primary source were analysed with the help of various statistical measures such as simple percentage analysis, averages, F-Statistic, chi square test and probability analysis is used. According to the study, the researcher concludes that the most of the customer are not aware about all banking services in these districts. This paper clearly gives the suggestion for bank to educate the customers new technology and other services offered by the bank.
An In Depth Review Paper on Numerous Image Mosaicing Approaches and Techniques
Authors: Abdul – Rahim Mohamed , Yu Zheng – Sheng
Published: April 2018

Image mosaicing is one of the most important subjects of research in computer vision at current. Image mocaicing requires the integration of direct techniques and feature based techniques. Direct techniques are found to be very useful for mosaicing large overlapping regions, small translations and rotations while feature based techniques are useful for small overlapping regions. Feature based image mosaicing is a combination of corner detection, corner matching, motion parameters estimation and image stitching.
Furthermore, image mosaicing is considered the process of obtaining a wider field-of-view of a scene from a sequence of partial views, which has been an attractive research area because of its wide range of applications, including motion detection, resolution enhancement, monitoring global land usage, and medical imaging. Numerous algorithms for image mosaicing have been proposed over the last two decades.
In this paper the authors present a review on different approaches for image mosaicing and the literature over the past few years in the field of image masaicing methodologies. The authors take an overview on the various methods for image mosaicing.
This review paper also provides an in depth survey of the existing image mosaicing algorithms by classifying them into several groups. For each group, the fundamental concepts are first clearly explained. Finally this paper also reviews and discusses the strength and weaknesses of all the mosaicing groups.
O poder da política e a política do poder
Authors: Grohmann Luís Gustavo Mello
Published: April 2018

O trabalho traz uma reflexão sobre os processos de reforma política no Brasil, as suas proposições e as alterações institucionais após 1988. Considera especialmente o período que antecedeu o impedimento da Presidente Dilma até o primeiro ano do Governo Temer. Tem como eixo normativo a constituição e manutenção dos processos democráticos. Alcança perspectivas para o desenvolvimento político brasileiro, focando no processo de representação política, forças em competição e eleições para 2018.
ANALISIS PENGARUH INFLASI DAN KURS TERHADAP EKSPOR DI NEGARA ASEAN 5 PERIODE TAHUN 2012-2016
Authors: Fuad Anshari Muhammad , El Khilla Adib , Rissa Permata Intan
Published: April 2018

Every open market system based country is doing international trade activity everyday like export-import. Many research found that export is effected by foreign exchange and inflation rate. But from the latest data, in UK, the weakening of poundterling has failed to increase their export value. This research try to find an evidence  if there is relation between foreign exchange and inflation rate on export in ASEAN-5 countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. And how these variables affecting the export. Using 5 years observation data from 2012 to 2016 and ordinary least square method we conclude that simultaneously foreign exchange and inflation rate has significant effect on export. Partially, exchange rate depreciation has negative significant effect on Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore Export. Also has positive significant effect on Philippines export. While, inflation rate only has positive significant effect on Philippines export. Setiap negara yang menganut sistem perekonomian terbuka tidak akan lepas dari aktifitas perdagangan internasional seperti ekspor-impor. beberapa penelitian menyebutkan bahwa aktifitas ekspor seringkali dipengaruhi oleh nilai tukar dan tingkat inflasi suatu negara. Namun berdasarkan data terbaru diketahui bahwa di Inggris melemahnya nilai tukar poundsterling tidak mampu meningkatkan ekspor negaranya. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk membuktikan apakah terdapat pengaruh antara nilai tukar dan inflasi terhadap ekspor di negara ASEAN-5 seperti Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura, dan Thailand serta bagaimana variabel-variabel tersebut mempengaruhi ekspor apakah secara positif atau negatif. Dengan mengunakan periode pengamatan di tahun 2012 – 2016 dan metode analisis  ordinary least square  diketahui bahwa secara simultan inflasi dan kurs berpengaruhi terhadap nilai ekspor di negara ASEAN-5.  Secara parsial, depresiasi kurs berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap ekspor negara Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Singapura serta berpengaruh positif signifikan di Filipina. Sedangkan Inflasi hanya berpengaruh secara positif signifikan  di Filipina.
EVALUATION OF THE SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND LIQUEFACTION RISK IN KAZIMPASA, ADAPAZARI (TURKEY), CASE STUDY
Authors: Kurnaz T. Fikret
Published: April 2018

It is necessary to determine the local soil properties in order to safe constructions in settlement areas under the earthquake hazard. In this study, the local soil conditions of Kazimpasa region in Adapazari were investigated by geological, geophysical and geotechnical data in order to evaluate the soil characteristics and liquefaction risk. 19 seismic and 19 drilling studies results have been evaluated to determine the soil characteristics of the study area. The study area is located in the 1st degree earthquake zone. The geology of the study area is generally controlled by Quaternary aged alluvium and Eocene aged claystones. The local soil classes were determined as Z4 in the alluvium and Z2 in some areas controlled by altered claystones in the study area. The P-wave velocities were measured between 333 - 2026 m/s and the S-wave velocities were measured between 118 - 1089 m/s according to the seismic studies. The ground water level in the alluvium is varying between 0 – 3 m. The liquefaction analysis results indicated that some areas covered with alluvium have liquefaction potential considering the soil properties and seismic activities of the study area.
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MODELLING OF SAKAHANE MASJID USING AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE
Authors: ŞASİ AHMET , YAKAR Murat
Published: April 2018

Turkey has been home to various cultures and civilizations throughout history. Thus, it is a piece of land that has architecturally maintained the cultural structure of civilizations throughout history. This geography we live in served as a capital to many civilizations to this date. Considered as the birth place of civilization, the Anatolian soils historically accommodated many civilizations. To this end, Konya served as the capital of Anatolian Seljuk Empire between 1086 and 1308. Ergo, this geography houses a vast accumulation of cultural and historical heritage. We owe history a debt to show necessary effort in order to pass down these cultural assets that survived throughout history to future generations. Therefore, documentation and protection of cultural assets are important for them to be passed down from one generation to the other. This article discusses the 3D photogrammetric modelling of Sakahane Masjid from the Anatolian Seljuk Empire era, located in Ferhuniye Neighborhood in Konya Province. A Nikon D90 Camera and DJI Phantom 4 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle were used in taking photographs of the historical artifact for the purposes of 3D photogrammetric modelling. DJI Go 4 and Pix4Dcapture mobile applications were used to capture photographs using the unmanned aerial vehicle. The data obtained were evaluated via Agisoft PhotoScan software and 3D models of the artifact were acquired. The 3D model of the said cultural asset is meant to be a resource for future generations in terms of the protection of cultural heritage. It is foreseen that this model will also provide an opportunity for a faithful restoration in case of any possible damage to this historical artifact, as well as offering solutions to the problems of many professional disciplines today.
THE INVESTIGATION ON ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CdO/CNT NANOCOMPOSITE
Authors: GÜLER Ömer , ALBAYRAK M.gökhan , TAKGÜN Mehmet , GÜLER Seval Hale
Published: April 2018

In this study, composite materials reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT) containing cadmium oxide were produced and investigated optical and electrical properties of them. Carbon nanotubes which used support materials were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. After then, they were reinforced in to the cadmium oxides which were sold by commercial. As another group, cadmium oxides were synthesized by sol-gel method and reinforced carbon nanotubes with different rate. Synthesized CNT’s were subjected to TEM investigation. Obtained CNT’s were also subjected to SEM as structural. After those, gained composite samples were investigated for both electrical conductivity, changing temperatures and optical properties by UV-vis spectrometers. It was clear, as a result that electrical conductivity was increased by raising CNT rates for both groups. Beside composites containing CdO, synthesized by sol-gel method have higher conductivity than composites containing CdO bought by commercial have. To sum up, CdO composites synthesized by sol-gel have both higher conductivity and optical properties comparing with commercials have.
Fertigung beruhigen, feste Reihenfolgen einführen
Authors: Bernhard Ralf
Published: April 2018

Kurzfassung

Die fertigende Industrie muss ihre Produktionsprozesse zunehmend flexibler und zugleich effizienter planen. Tools mit klassischer Sukzessivplanung stoßen dabei an ihre Grenzen. Stattdessen können Anwender nun in die SAP HANA Plattform integrierte Tools wie die erweiterte Produktionsplanung PP/DS und die Consilio Lösung zur stabilen Produktionsplanung im PP/DS zur Effizienzsteigerung nutzen. Der Beitrag stellt Abläufe, Funktionsweisen und Key Benefits der integrierten Software-Tools vor.
Growth and wool production of sheep reared at highland of Nepal
Authors: Khanal B , Kabir AKMA , Baral BR , Dhakal HR
Published: April 2018

Sheep farmers lived in high altitude of Nepal have limited options of supplying roughages in winter season which is resulting severe feed deficit in these periods. Quality roughages like hay and other dried cereal stalks are not sufficiently available in the areas to mitigate the feed deficit in dry harsh winter. Therefore, the study was conducted to evaluate the effects of commonly practiced feeding system on growth and wool production of sheep in winter season. The research was performed at Sheep and Goat Research farm, Jumla, Nepal which is located at 2700 meters above sea level. The animals were supplied with three different rations viz (i) adlibitum oat hay with concentrate feed @ 1% of body weight;(ii) adlibitum conventional hay with concentrate feed @1% of body weight, and (iii) grazing in moderate pasture with concentrate feed @ 1% of body weight. The differences among the treatments were found significant ((p<0.05) changes in terms of average daily weight gain and total weight gain, while wool length and wool production were not significantly different (p>0.05) among the treatments. The treatment of feeding oat hay with concentrate @ 1% of body weight had yielded highest body weight gain.  The result of the study revealed that feeding oat hay was more profitable in comparison to conventional system of grazing and feeding conventional hay. Inclusion of oat hay on the sheep diet in dry harsh winter season could make substantial improvement in the body weight gain of the sheep in the high altitude of Nepal.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (3): 159-163
Effect of corn flour and storage period on sensory and physiochemical properties of chicken meatball
Authors: Al-Mamun MA , Khan M , Hashem MA
Published: April 2018

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different levels of corn flour on the quality characteristics of chicken meatball. The meatballs were formulated having 0, 05, 10 and 15% of corn flour. After formulation, samples were preserved at -20˚C for 60 days and analyzed the data at 0, 15, 30 and 60th day, respectively. The products were analyzed for various sensory, proximate, biochemical and physicochemical attributes. The sensory (color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability), proximate composition- dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP) and ash, biochemical parameters- free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid value (TBARS) and physicochemical (raw pH, cooked pH and cooking loss) were analyzed. Data were analyzed in a 4x4 factorial experiment in completely randomized design with replicated three times per cell. Results showed that corn flour inclusion in meatballs have no effect on sensory parameters, but the highest value for all sensory parameters was found at 15th day storage period, (p<0.05). After 15th day, with the increasing of storage period the value for all sensory parameters were decreased (p<0.05). The proximate component’s value were differ with treatment and day interval group (p<0.05). The highest value of raw pH and lowest value of cooking loss were found in 5% corn flour group (p<0.05). The highest value of cooked pH and lowest value of cooking loss were found at 15th day storage period. There were no effect of treatment or day interval on FFA and TBARS. Highest value of PV were found in 0% cornflower group (p<0.05). It may be concluded that 5% corn flour and 15 days storage period is suitable for chicken meat ball.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (3): 164-171
Impact of heat stress on milk yield and composition in early lactation of Holstein Friesian crossbred cattle
Authors: Chanda T , Debnath GK , Khan KI , Rahman MM , Chanda GC
Published: April 2018

The aim of the study was to know the effect of heat stress on milk yield and its composition of Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows rearing under intensive management system.Heat stress in dairy cows is caused by a combination of environmental factors i.e. temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and air movement, etc. Grading-up of local cattle by temperate breeds for greater performance results to increase the sensitivity to heat stress. The trial was conducted during hot (May-July) and cool period (December-February) on a total of 12 crossbred dairy cows in early lactation period (first 60 days of lactation). The selected cows were divided into two groups namely as G1 (Holstein-Friesian 50% × Local 50%) and G2 (Holstein-Friesian 75% × Local 25%) and each group containing three cows of 3rd lactation in both periods of trail. Cows of each group were offered same quality and quantity of feed and reared in same management condition in both the trail periods. The mean average temperature humidity index (THI) of the stanchion barn were 70.83± 0.535 and 83.87± 0.375 in cool and hot period, respectively. The differences of THI of cool and hot season was significant (p<0.05). The average rectal temperature (0F) of G1 group was 101.51± 0.027and 102.15±0.049 in cool and hot period, respectively. On the other hand, the average rectal temperature (0F) of G2 group was 101.68± 0.035 and 102.5±0.052 in cool and hot period, respectively. The differences of rectal temperature of both groups between cool and hot season were significant (p<0.05). The average milk yield (Liter/day) of both groups was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cool period (14.92±0.019 and 19.54± 0.116 for G1 and G2 group, respectively) than in hot period (12.84±0.152 and 15±0.137 for G1 and G2 group, respectively). The milk yield of G2 group hampered more compare to G1 group due to higher THI during hot season. The milk fat, protein and lactose of both groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) during lower THI period compare to higher THI period, while the higher values of minerals detected in higher THI period but the differences were not statistically significant (p<0.05). From the result it is evident that the milk yield and composition are greatly affected by the heat stress during early lactation period.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (3): 192-197
Performances of Nageswari duck of Bangladesh under intensive management condition
Authors: Bhuiyan MSA , Mostary DS , Ali MS , Hussain MM , Ferdaus AJM
Published: April 2018

The present study was conducted to know the production and reproduction potentials, and egg quality characteristics of Nageswari duck under intensive management condition. Data were collected from a nucleus flock of Nageswari ducks that have been maintained from day old to 72 weeks of age at AI center, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, from May 2015 to October 2016. Irrespective of sex, the average live weight of ducklings at day old, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7thand 9thweeks of age were observed to be 38.85±1.40, 99.06±2.93, 373.29±8.73, 650.31±11.26, 867.74±11.79 and 1076.11±16.34 g, respectively. There was a steady increasing trend observed in live weights for both drakes and ducks from 17thto 72 weeks of age. The average age of sexual maturity and weight were found 130±1.83 days and 1400.84±12.68g respectively. The average egg weight and annual egg production were 58.20±1.50g and 204.23±14.19 no’s, respectively. Hen day egg production was found 55.67±2.74% while the peak production was observed at 26th week of age. The estimated mean egg mass production (g/b/day), feed intake(g) during laying, feed conversion efficiency and performance efficiency index of Nageswari duck were 32.40±2.29, 154.85±2.27, 4.63±0.21 and 20.92±1.37, respectively in Nageswari duck. The external egg quality characteristics like shape index, egg breaking strength, shell thickness and membrane thickness were observed to be 74.59±0.61, 2.00±0.03 kg/cm2, 3.99±0.06 mm and 0.50 ± 0.02 mm respectively whereas, internal quality attributes such as albumen index, yolk index, yolk color score and Haugh unit were 8.89±0.29, 34.36±0.61, 8.42±0.28 and 86.29±1.06, respectively. In conclusion, the studied parameters of Nageswari duck provided some breed specific baseline information and year round actual production potentials of this genetic resource under intensive management condition that could be utilized for future conservation and breeding programs in Bangladesh.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (3): 198-205
L'urbanisation et l'aménagement de l'espace au Japon (Deuxième article)
Authors: Doumenge François
Published: April 2018

La reconstruction des villes japonaises pour la plupart détruites par les bombardements de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, s'est faite en conservant l'ordonnance et la nature de l'habitat traditionnel.

Ce sont les exigences de la croissance économique qui ont entraîné un remodelage urbain et l'adoption de nouveaux styles rendus nécessaires par les transformations de genres de vie.

La concentration des investissements a provoqué une poussée d'urbanisation qui prend diverses formes.

Tokyo, devenue une super-métropole étendant son emprise sur environ 25 millions d'habitants, développe ses fonctions portuaires, réorganise son réseau de circulation et aménage des centres-relais à l'intérieur de l'agglomération et des villes nouvelles dans la banlieue. La recherche de nouveaux espaces se traduit par une poussée de constructions en hauteur. La conurbation du Kansai groupe 12 millions d'habitants. Kyoto garde encore de nombreux traits hérités de l'histoire, Kobé reste une création artificielle, tandis qu'Osaka s'oriente vers des formules nouvelles : centres commerciaux souterrains, immeubles incorporés dans les autostrades urbaines.

Entre Tokyo et le Kansai se met en place une Mégalopolis structurée autour d'axes de communications rapides. Nagoya avec 2 millions d'habitants dans la ville et 3 millions en banlieue, a réussi à jouer un rôle de métropole d'équilibre grâce à son dynamisme économique et administratif. L'agglomération de Nagoya ayant été reconstruite suivant un schéma d'urbanisme cohérent sert d'exemple pour l'adaptation des villes japonaises aux exigences des nouveaux genres de vie liés à l'économie de marché et de consommation.

Les effets de la concentration urbaine se font maintenant sentir sur toute la façade Pacifique de l'Archipel. Le nouveau réseau urbain qui se met en place se caractérise par l'organisation d'agglomérations millionnaires appuyant leur croissance sur la création de nouvelles zones industrielles et sur l'aménagement de l'infrastructure de transports routiers et ferroviaires.
Croissance urbaine au Sahara : Ghardaïa
Authors: Josse Raymond
Published: April 2018

Urban Growth in the Sahara : Ghardaïa.

The growth of Ghardaïa owes nothing to the usual factors of urban development, but its founders had discovered there the isolation for which they searched. Later on, after the planting of a few palm groves, saharan trade and the emigration of men to the Tell brought to Ghardaïa increasing resources.

The population of the five towns — Ghardaïa, Melika, Beni Isguen, Bou Noura, El Ateuf — continues to augment : it now totals 53,000 inhabitants, of which 32,000 live in Ghardaia. This population is diverse : Arabs and Negroes almost outnumber the Mzabites, already a minority in Ghardaïa itself. New residential quarters greet the new inhabitants, who are drawn to the area by construction sites and the creation of various industries.

Indirectly, the Mzab has profited from the exploitation of petroleum resources in the neighbouring regions, which were opened up to development just when there was a serious crisis in nomadism. But to a large measure economic expansion favors the Mzabites, who possess the initiative for it owing to the capital that they have amassed over the centuries.
Le développement de l'agriculture en Afrique tropicale
Authors: Guinard André
Published: April 2018

Les problèmes posés par le développement de l'agriculture en Afrique tropicale ont été étudiés, sous les auspices de la Banque Mondiale, par une équipe de cinq spécialistes (économistes, sociologue et agronome). L'étude a porté sur de nombreuses opérations réalisées dans plusieurs Etats et choisies de manière à représenter la très grande diversité des situations. Le rôle des multiples éléments physiques, humains, techniques et économiques qui ont une influence sur la production, a été précisé. Les causes de succès ou d'échecs ont été analysées. L'expérience acquise permet ainsi de formuler des recommandations pour améliorer la préparation, l'exécution et l'organisation des projets de mise en valeur agricole.
Le centre du plateau rio-grandense : une région en mutation
Authors: Pébayle Raymond
Published: April 2018

Vieille région d'élevage extensif, le centre du plateau rio-grandense passe actuellement par une profonde phase de transformation. Les éleveurs gauchos traditionnels, pour habiles qu'ils soient à exploiter les différentes variétés de pâtures naturelles du campo, n'ont pas su éviter une décadence qui n'a épargné jusqu'ici que quelques secteurs de campo particulièrement riches. Des fermiers, qui ont d'abord cultivé le blé selon un système monocultural extensif, consolident maintenant une inégale conquête de la prairie après avoir adopté les cultures d'été. Les grandes fermes mécanisées, fondées en majorité par des descendants de colons polyculteurs, donnent de beaux rendements, mais sont encore un peu fragiles. Les premiers signes d'une mutation profonde apparaissent cependant car, à la suite d'observations ou d'événements fortuits, les éleveurs commencent à adopter l'agriculture de campo, tandis que les fermiers eux-mêmes ébauchent une association de l'agriculture et de l'élevage.
La mortalité au Cambodge : ses facteurs
Authors: Migozzi Jacques
Published: April 2018

La rareté des renseignements démographiques au Cambodge n'autorise que des estimations : la mortalité y est en baisse mais son taux brut dépasserait encore 16 0/00 en 1969. Les facteurs de morbidité et de mortalité, qui font l'objet de cet article, restent en effet redoutables. Les progrès à réaliser dans les régions rurales dans le domaine de l'éducation sanitaire sont encore importants ; les défauts de l'hygiène et certaines carences alimentaires expliquent les indices de forte mortalité générale et infantile. Mais le problème essentiel est bien celui du paludisme dont le vecteur principal est ici Anopheles Balabacencis, peu connu et étudié jusqu'à présent.

Les mesures antipaludiques sont rendues délicates par différents aspects du complexe pathogène, notamment dans les régions forestières. La baisse de la mortalité ne peut que se poursuivre, elle accentuera encore l'accroissement démographique déjà voisin de 3 % par an et l'on peut se demander si, à long terme au moins une nouvelle répartition de la population ne s'ensuivra pas avec l'extension des régions peuplées et mises en valeur et une croissance urbaine accélérée.
Les différents types d'élevage ovin dans la province du Cap
Authors: Baticle Yves
Published: April 2018

La Province du Cap compte 31 % de l'effectif ovin de l'Afrique du Sud. Les trois régions étudiées ici : Karroo oriental, Swartland et Districts du Sud-Ouest, sont parmi celles qui ont la plus forte densité ovine, tandis que celle-ci diminue vers le Kalahari. Cette répartition est due à la pluviométrie, au type de végétation et à la proximité des grands marchés.

Le Karroo est le domaine de l'élevage extensif, avec troupeaux mérinos exploités pour la laine ; malgré la sécheresse du climat, les conditions biogéographiques sont favorables. L'économie rurale du Karroo sera bientôt modifiée par la création de vastes périmètres irrigués. Le Swartland et les Districts du Sud-Ouest, de climat méditerranéen, ont un élevage plus intensif, intégré à un assolement blé-légumineuses, et orienté de plus en plus vers la production de viande, le «battery-farming » représente le maximum d'intensité.

Les coopératives contrôlent 80 % des ventes de laine et de viande, dirigées surtout vers les grands ports et le Transvaal. Ces deux produits subissent une forte concurrence, mais les Bantous et les Métis offrent un large débouché.
Un port industriel du Maroc : Mohammedia
Authors: Bouquerel Jacqueline
Published: April 2018

An industrial port of Morocco : Mohammedia

On the Moroccan Atlantic coast, situated 20 kilometers north of Casablanca, Mohammedia (the former Fédala) is an oil port and a large industrial center. In it resides a population of 60,000, and the city continues to grow.

The well-sheltered bay of the port was improved early. Basins and special piers were constructed, and the port is equipped with two

«sea lines» for the unloading of oil tankers. Petroleum products, in fact, constitute the principle port traffic which, in 1968, totaled 1,382,700 tons.

The industrialization of Mohammedia commenced round 1930. The first industries built are linked with fishing and the crops grown in the surrounding region. The food industry, for many years of considerable importance, expanded until the crisis of 1953. Other industries were founded after the war : textile, metallurgy, chemical. After going through a period of depression between 1953 and 1960, the Fedalian industries were consolidated. The companies ICOMA, Ets GOURVENNEC and STRAFOR-MAROC are among the most representative of the new industrial quarter. Other companies have been founded since 1960 : Moroccan Aluminium Manufacturing and, among the largest of all, SAMIR, whose refinery provides petroleum products for the Moroccan economy.

The worker population of Mohammedia approximates 3,600 persons, housed, in the main, in the vicinity of the various industrial plants. More and more, this industrial port is becoming a true annex of the large industrial area of Casablanca.
Païlin : une région du Cambodge en voie de mutation
Authors: Blanadet Raymond
Published: April 2018

La région de Païlin, aujourd'hui cambodgienne, doit sa mise en valeur, vers la fin du siècle dernier, à la découverte d'importants gisements de pierres précieuses et semi-précieuses. Après une période difficile qui va de la Première Guerre mondiale à la fin des années 50, elle connaît aujourd'hui une reprise vigoureuse dont témoigne l'accroissement rapide de sa population. Région minière, elle tire l'essentiel de sa prospérité actuelle de l'extraction des gemmes mais l'enrichissement de ses classes possédantes a provoqué depuis quelques années un vigoureux effort de plantation. Elle est aujourd'hui une importante productrice de fruits qu'elle écoule sur les marchés urbains les plus proches.
Problèmes de population et perspectives économiques en Martinique et en Guadeloupe
Authors: Cazes Georges
Published: April 2018

Le recensement de la population effectué en 1967 fait apparaître en Martinique et en Guadeloupe un ralentissement de l'expansion démographique dont les causes sont à chercher plus dans l'émigration continue vers la métropole que dans les premiers effets de la restriction volontaire des naissances. Malgré le puissant soutien financier dont bénéficient ces départements, la situation économique montre d'inquiétants signes de dégradation : crise de l'économie sucrière, abandon des métiers ruraux sans contrepartie suffisante du côté de l'industrialisation, gonflement artificiel du secteur tertiaire, hypertrophie et déséquilibre des centres urbains principaux. Les perspectives du développement touristique paraissent incapables de résoudre seules les problèmes du sous-emploi et de la sous-production.
Le développement économique du Gabon
Authors: Lotito Gaston
Published: April 2018

Avec une superficie de 267 000 km2, le Gabon n'a guère plus de 500 000 habitants ; or il fait figure d'Etat pilote en Afrique équatoriale. Son économie est en progrès rapide grâce à l'exploitation de la forêt (85 % de la superficie) et des ressources minières (pétrole, uranium, manganèse) qui sont d'ailleurs loin d'être toutes mises en valeur. Cependant le développement de l'exploitation des ressources naturelles ne profite guère aux industries de transformation (2 % du P.I.B.), à l'artisanat ou à l'agriculture qui reste traditionnelle et qui emploie la majeure partie de la population gabonaise. Les employés de l'Etat et des sociétés forestières ou minières ont des revenus beaucoup plus élevés que les cultivateurs. La population s'accroît lentement (5 0/00), les conditions sanitaires restent médiocres. Le sous-peuplement hypothèque le développement économique. Le Ier Plan quinquennal (1966-71), doit développer les moyens de communication de façon à permettre l'expansion des secteurs forestier et minier et la modernisation de l'agriculture. Les conditions locales sont favorables à l'implantation d'unités industrielles de grandes dimensions transformant les matières premières en produits semi-finis. La prospérité actuelle du Gabon (la balance commerciale est largement excédentaire), ne peut faire oublier sa dépendance vis-à-vis de l'extérieur.
Le peuplement du Mexique
Authors: Enjalbert Henri
Published: April 2018

Depuis 1940, le Mexique a vu son peuplement se développer sous l'effet d'une explosion démographique sans précédent. Heureusement, l'économie a pu suivre et, l'industrialisation aidant, le niveau de vie n'a pas baissé. Au contraire, il a pu dépasser tout récemment le seuil critique des 500 dollars par personne et par an.

Peuplé de 19,6 millions d'habitants en 1940, le Mexique en a aujourd'hui 50 millions. Dans le secteur tropical, les campagnes sont surpeuplées, mais il n'y a pas de grandes villes. Sur le plateau central, le phénomène remarquable est constitué par l'extraordinaire croissance de Mexico, qui passe de 1 750 000 habitants en 1940 à 8,5 millions en 1970. Plus surprenante encore a été la soudaine expansion urbaine des villes de la frontière du Nord. Elles ont poussé le plus souvent en plein désert. Neuf villes échelonnées de Tijuana à l'Ouest, à Matamoros à l'Est, groupent aujourd'hui plus de 2 millions d'habitants dans cette zone pionnière d'un style très particulier.
Hassi Messaoud
Authors: Lerat Serge
Published: April 2018

La région pétrolifère d'Hassi Messaoud , où le pétrole jaillit pour la première fois en 1956, a produit plus de 33 000 000 t de pétrole en 1969. Sur ce total, près de 19 000 000 t ont été fournies par le champ d'Hassi Messaoud proprement dit, exploité par la C.F.P. (A.) et la S.N.RE.P.AL. ; toutefois, des difficultés liées à la structure interne du réservoir ralentissent le rythme de la production. Plus de 5000 personnes se sont fixées dans la région d'Hassi Messaoud. Les deux compagnies pétrolières ont édifié des bases pour loger leur personnel ; un embryon de ville est sorti de terre ; des gourbis ont été construits, pour la plupart dans de petites dépressions échancrant la surface du plateau. L'avion est le moyen de liaison le plus commode avec l'extérieur, en particulier avec les centres de direction de cette exploitation, centres situés à Alger et à Paris.
Les Chinois du Cambodge littoral
Authors: Pourtier Roland
Published: April 2018

L'article présente le groupe chinois dont l'importance numérique (le tiers de la population régionale), la profonde empreinte laissée dans les paysages, la diversité d'activités à caractère spéculatif, constituent la principale originalité du Cambodge littoral. Une première partie est consacrée aux conditions du peuplement : organisation d'un réseau politico-commercial embrassant tout le littoral de Saigon à Bangkok à la fin du XVIIe siècle, vagues de migrations à la suite de l'introduction de la culture du poivre après 1850, installation de pêcheurs sur la côte déserte de Koh Kong. Les caractères originaux de la société chinoise sont ensuite analysés, de même que les processus de la «khmérisation». Les activités chinoises font l'objet de la dernière partie : culture et crise du poivre, arboriculture, exploitation de la mer. L'étude fait ressortir le rôle pionnier joué par les Chinois et leur efficacité dans la mise en valeur des régions côtières du Cambodge.
La pêche sur la Comoé (Côte d'Ivoire) : L'emprise des immigrants ghanéens
Authors: Surroca Claude
Published: April 2018

La pêche et la consommation du poisson ont une importance considérable en Afrique noire. En Côte d'Ivoire le poisson consommé est surtout originaire de la cuvette intérieure du Niger au Mali et de la région lagunaire et côtière ; cependant la pêche s'est développée sur les rivières, sur la Comoé en particulier où elle fait vivre une population assez importante. Ce fleuve long de 1 160 kilomètres connaît une crue d'été et des basses eaux d'hiver très favorables à la pêche qui dure de six à huit mois. Jusqu'à l'arrivée des immigrants éwé, venus du Ghana , les peuples riverains, Baoulé, Agni, Attié, n'exploitaient presque pas le fleuve sauf les Agni. Les Ewé, arrivés après 1950, ont installé sept campements sur la moyenne Comoé. Leurs techniques de pêche sont artisanales, de même que celles des Agni, mais leur perfection atteint une grande efficacité ; pirogues et pagaies, filets et hameçons pour barrer le fleuve, nattes tressées constituent le matériel. La pêche se fait sous la direction rigoureuse du chef de campement (prise de poissons, vente, répartition du produit des ventes). Chez les autochtones agni elle n'est qu'une activité accessoire à côté de l'agriculture. Sur les rives de la Comoé coexistent, sans trop de heurts, deux types de population profondément différentes dans leur genre de vie ; les Ewé par leur expérience de la pêche pourraient servir d'exemple et éduquer les populations paysannes auxquelles ils apportent un appoint alimentaire précieux.