bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH STRESS KERJA, LINGKUNGAN DAN PELATIHAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN STUDI KASUS PT MARUKI INTERNATIONAL INDONESIA
Authors: Haslindah Andi , Andrie Andrie , Agustiadi Irwan
Published: December 2022

ABSTRAK

Sumber daya manusia (SDM) adalah elemen inti dari sebuah organisasi. Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia sangat penting bagi organisasi Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh stress kerja, lingkungan kerja dan pelatihan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menyebarkan kuesioner lalu menganilisis data SMART PLS software versi 3.0. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai p values menunjukkan angka 0,000 dengan nilai signifikansi < 0,05. Sementara nilai t-statistik sebesar 16.199 > 1,96. Kemudian pelatihan juga berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai p values menunjukkan angka 0,035 dengan nilai signifikansi < 0,05. Sementara nilai t-statistik sebesar 2,120 > 1,96. Sedangkan stress kerja tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai p values menunjukkan sebesar 0,232 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,05. Sementara nilai t-statistik sebesar 1.196 > 1,96. Adapun yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan adalah lingkungan kerja dengan nilai 1,068. Sehingga dapat di simpulkan bahwa jika karyawan mengalami stress kerja atau tidak maka tidak akan mpengaruhi kinerja mereka, untuk memperoleh hasil kinerja baik maka dibutuhkan lingkungan kerja yang nyaman, aman, harmonis dan juga untuk meningkatkan kinerja dibutuhkan pelatihan untuk karyawan.
ANALISIS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PADA PROSES PRODUKSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE AHP (STUDI KASUS PT. PP. LONDON SUMATRA INDONESIA TBK )
Authors: Haslindah Andi , Syarifuddin Rizal , Darmawan Syamsul , Khaerul Muh. Aedil
Published: December 2022

Supply Chain Management merupakan suatu pendekatan yang digunakan secara efektif untuk mengintegrasikan pemasok, pabrik, gudang, serta tokoh-tokoh sehingga produk yang dibuat dapat di distribusikan dalam jumlah, posisi, serta waktu yang pas. Adapun tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu ntuk mengetahui  pengadaaan bahan baku pada proses  produksi PT. PP. London Sumatra indoneisa tbk dan untuk mengetahui dampak penerapan metode AHP pada supply chain management PT. PP. London Sumatra indoneisa tbk. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi, wawancara kepada staff perusahaan, dan studi pustaka. Pengolahan data yang digunakan yaitu editing, pemberian kode (coding), dan tabulasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini peneliti menemukan bahwa bahan baku diperoleh dari dua lahan sendiri yang dikelola oleh perusahaan tersebut dengan total karet berkisar 200,000 – 400,000 ton/bulan. Karet tersebut diproduksi di pabrik dengan kapasitas pabrik 5 ton setiap sekali produksi dalam 2 kali shift per hari. Adapun kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu dapat meningkatkan keuntungan serta memaksimalkan nilai keseluruhan yang dihasilkan untuk memenuhi kebutuahan dan permintaan costumer serta meminimumkan biaya secara keseluruhan seperti biaya pemesanan, penyimpanan, dan transportasi.
APLIKASI ABSENSI SISWA MENGGUNAKAN QR-CODE BERBASIS WEB PADA SMK YAPMI MAKASSAR
Authors: M Saripuddin , Kamal Kamal , Malajong Lary Septisari , Mahmud Hasrah
Published: December 2022

Pertumbuhan teknologi terkhusus pada bidang telekomunikasi memotivasi berkembangnya berbagai jenis perangkat lunak yang berguna untuk kehidupan manusia, salah satunya pada sistem absensi di era saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun serta menerapkan   Aplikasi Absensi Siswa menggunakan QR-Code dalam membantu proses  absensi  belajar  mengajar  pada  Sekolah  Menengah  Kejuruan  YAPMI  Makassar.  Metode  penelitian  yang digunakan  yaitu  metode  R&D  (Research  and  Development)  atau  penelitian  serta  pengembangan.  Sumber  data penelitian berupa data siswa, data guru, data kelas serta data mata pelajaran. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisa. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian Black Box yang dilakukan adalah absensi menggunakan QR-Code, Setiap guru membuat QR-Code sesuai mata pelajaran  yang  diajarkan serta siswa  login  menggunakan NISN, kemudian  masuk  di menu scanner yang akan mendeteksi QR-Code. Siswa yang telah melakukan scan QR-Code akan secara otomatis hadir dalam mata pelajaran tersebut. Kesimpulan adalah aplikasi ini dapat membantu guru serta operator sekolah dalam melakukan rekap absen serta dapat digunakan sebagai arsip, namun belum efisien dalam segi waktu karena siswa harus menghadap satu per satu pada guru yang mengajar untuk proses scanning.
OPTIMALISASI PENINGKATAN KESELAMATAN ANGKUTAN PENYEBERANGAN LINTAS PAMATATA-BIRA SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Rahman Abdul
Published: December 2022

Peningkatan keselamatan kapal merupakan upaya program pemerintah dimana pemerintah memprioritaskan masalah keselamatan transportasi laut yang lebih dikenal “Zero Accident”. Kecelakaan dilaut salah satunya disebabkan faktor lingkungan dan cuaca. Opimalisasi peningkatan keselamatan penyeberangan dengan memperhaatikan informasi BMKG menjadikan referensi waktu operasi kapal. Tujuan penelitin menggambarkan secara sistematis, cermat akurat waktu melakukan operasi kapal terkait upaya optimalisasi keselamatan angkutan penyeberangan Metode diigunakan non-eksperimental bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Kondisi penyeberangan sering terjadi cuaca buruk untuk pelayaran. Bulan januari, juni-agustus pada jam-jam tertentu cuaca mengalami perubahan pluktuatif-ekstrim sebuah pelayaran. Puncak terjadi juli, gelombang tinggi terjadi diawal hingga pertengahan bulan pada siang-sore menjelan malam, gelombang 3-4 meter,  kecepatan angin diatas 25 knot, arus 85-100 m/s. Angin yang bertiup dominan dari arah timur, angin berhembus diperairan menyebabkan arus lebih kuat sehingga kondisi dianggap ekstrim untuk berlayar. Data penyeberangan juni-desember mengalami lonjakan, puncak kepadatan penumpang terjadi juli, ini berpengaruh terhadap waktu operasi kapal, memperhatikan jadwal keberangkatan kapal secara normal dalam 1 bulannya maksimal 60 trip, tetapi juli waktu operasi kapal mencapai 90 trip. Memperhatikan kondisi cuaca terkait waktu operasi untuk peningkatan angkutan penyeberangan perlu melihat informasi BMKG terkait waktu operasi kapal agar menghindari cuaca ekstrim melakukan  pelayaran.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, MOTIVASI, LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN PEKERJA DAN KINERJA PEKERJA PROSES PANEN PADI KELOMPOK TANI KABUPATEN PINRANG
Authors: Haslindah Andi , Modding Basri , Alam Roslina , Zakaria Junaidin
Published: December 2022

Pekerja atau buruh merupakan bagian dari tenaga kerja  yaitu tenaga kerja yang bekerja di dalam hubungan kerja, dibawah perintah pemberi kerja. Tujuan Penelitian ini menguji dan menganalisis secara empiris Pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi, Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kepuasan Kerja, Pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pekerja melalui kepuasan kerja. Desain penelitian ini Pendekatan penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan kuantitatif.  Jumlah Sampel 300 Pekerja. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam pengujian hipotesis adalah Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) AMOS. Hasil Penelitian bahwa kompetensi  tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja melalui kepuasan pekerja proses panen padi pada kelompok tani di Kabupaten Pinrang tidak dapat memberikan hasil yang optimal kepada kelompok tani yang disebabkan kurang efesien, kualitas hasil kerja masih rendah, ketarampilan, penempatan posisi kerja. Hal ini terjadi karena kepuasan  pekerja tidak adanya perbedaan upah yang diterima antara kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh pekerja, Motivasi  pekerja memberikan pengaruh terhadap kinerja melalui kepuasan pekerja dimana dihargainya kinerja bila mencapai target baik jumlah maupun kualitas kerja yang telah ditetapkan oleh kelompok tani, hal ini menunjukkan kepuasan pekerja merasa puas dengan penghargaan yang diberikan atas hasil kerja, dan Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja melalui kepuasan pekerja dapat dijadikan parameter kepuasan pekerja. Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pekerja dimana hasil yang diperoleh pekerja sangat optimal tidak terpengaruh oleh kondisi alam sedangakan pengaruh lingkungan kerja non fisik dapat meningkatkan kinerja atau hasil  dengan kerjasama dan komunikasi yang baik.
Editorial
Authors: Diaz Dumont Jorge Rafael
Published: December 2022

ALPHA CENTAURI, presenta el Vol. 3 Nº 4 (2022) de su Revista Científica y Tecnológica arbitrada y editada por Professionals On Line SAC y por el equipo de investigadores reconocidos por el estado peruano en el Registro Nacional Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica RENACYT – CONCYTEC que conforman parte de su Consejo Editorial; esta es una publicación trimestral, gestionada mediante Open Journal System y la que tiene como objetivos: Promover y contribuir a la difusión de la investigación científica en las diferentes disciplinas del conocimiento, difundir los resultados de las diferentes investigaciones para diversas consultas y ser un medio de acceso abierto que recoge la producción científica de las comunidades académicas.
Impacto del marketing holístico del sector de catering de la empresa “Postres y Refrigerios” por medio de una estrategia empresarial en la ciudad de Bogotá Colombia
Authors: Ochoa Guevara Sandra Patricia , Medina Acero Cesar Augusto
Published: December 2022

Los constantes cambios en el entorno organizacional representan significativas amenazas para las micros, pequeñas y medianas empresas “Mipymes”. Con el fin de neutralizarlas, cada empresa tiene la obligación de idear, formular y desarrollar estrategias que conlleven a la obtención de ventajas comparativas, con las que logre alcanzar, conservar y superar su lugar en el mercado. Por tanto, el propósito es determinar el impacto del marketing holístico del sector de catering de la empresa “Postres y Refrigerios” por medio de una estrategia empresarial en la ciudad de Bogotá Colombia. Partiendo de un enfoque cuantitativo, con un estudio descriptivo correlacionar y un diseño experimental, bajo la técnica de la Evaluación de Factores Externos e Internos con una muestra de 14 empresas del sector en la localidad y su interactividad con una la estructura Brief de marketing holístico. Los resultados demuestran que al interactuar con estos factores y el Brief de Marketing Holístico, aporta de manera integral, eficiente y eficaz al potencializar el servicio catering de la empresa “Postres y Refrigerios” por medio de una estrategia empresarial llamada “DREPS” como resultados de interactuar los marketing Digital, Relacional, Estratégico, Proactivo y Sostenible para atenerse en un mercado altamente competitivo.
Apertura a la nueva normalidad, replanteando las políticas públicas para la educación básica en el Perú frente al covid-19
Authors: Ruíz Rafael Jorge Luís , Albino Espada Jesus Remigio , Medina Sotelo Cristian Gumercindo
Published: December 2022

La crisis covid-19 determinó el cierre total de centros de instrucción básica regular y superior, suspendiendo la continuidad de la educación presencial, generando una crisis educativa a la cual se dio como única alternativa de solución una educación a distancia o remota, llegando en tiempo real a los estudiantes por medio del uso fundamental de las tecnologías de información y comunicación. La investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar una descripción bibliográfica de las políticas ejecutadas para dar continuidad al sistema educativo. La metodología fue cualitativa, con procesamiento de información documentaria correlacional y sustento teórico-analítico encontrado en bases de datos y revistas científicas como ProQuest, EBSCO HOST, Google Scholar, Dialnet y Scielo, con variables de búsqueda: políticas públicas en educación y covid-19, encontrándose 100 artículos, utilizándose 50 relacionados con el objetivo de investigación, siendo estos del 2020 en adelante. Los resultados indican que los educandos y profesores, no tienen una preparación virtual previa en todos los niveles educativos, incluido el inicial. Se concluye que el modelo virtual debe ser fortalecido por el estado peruano, ya que favorecen un aprendizaje dinámico, practico y entendible, que facilita el desarrollo educativo en los diversos niveles socio culturales.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Okul Öncesi Dönemde Din Eğitimi Hakkındaki Görüşleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: AYBEY Salih
Published: December 2022

Okul öncesi dönem, çocuğun karakterinin şekillendiği, bütün özellik ve yeteneklerinin oluşmaya başladığı ve bunların kullanılabildiği bir dönemdir. Eğitim insan içindir ve temel amacı insanın bütün yeteneklerini ortaya çıkararak geliştirmek ve duygularının sağlıklı bir şekilde doyurulmasına katkı sunmaktır. Çocukta doğuştan var olan yüce bir varlığa inanma duygusunun ortaya çıkarılması ve eğitilmesi de eğitimcinin görevidir. Bu itibarla çocuğun bütün gelişim alanları gibi, gelişimin ayrılmaz bir parçası olan dini gelişiminin de birlikte desteklenmesi, gelişimin “bütünlük” ilkesi bağlamında dikkat edilmesi gereken önemli bir husustur. Dolayısıyla okul öncesi dönemde diğer bilgi ve beceriler kadar din eğitimi de gereklidir. Çocuğun içinde bulunduğu gelişim dönemi özelliklerini dikkate alarak, çocuğa uygun yöntem ve teknikleri kullanarak verilecek din eğitimi, hayatı boyunca çocuğa katkı sağlayabilecektir. Burada önemli olan husus, verilecek olan bu eğitimin pedagojik olarak temellendirilmesi ve diğer bilim dallarının verilerinden yararlanılmasıdır. Ne var ki, ülkemizde okul öncesi döneme ait öğretim programlarında çocuğun dini gelişim alanlarını desteklemeye yönelik herhangi bir kazanım bulunmadığı gibi, çocukların sorduğu dini kavramlara dair sorulara verilen cevaplar dışında herhangi bir din eğitimi faaliyeti de yer almamaktadır. İşte bu çalışmada okul öncesi dönemde din eğitiminin gerekliliği, önemi, muhtemel sonuçları, ilke ve yöntemlerinin neler olması gerektiği gibi pek çok husus okul öncesi öğretmenlerin gözünden kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınacaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli esas alınarak yapılan bu çalışma sonucunda, okul öncesi dönemde çocukların gelişim dönemleri dikkate alınarak din eğitimi verilmesinin uygun olacağı, din eğitimi verilmemesi durumunda çocuğun dini gelişim alanının eksik kalacağı gibi bazı sonuçlara ulaşılmış, konuyla ilgili bir takım önerilere de yer verilmiştir.
Habeş Yahudiliği: Falaşa Keşişler ve Habeş Hristiyanlığı Üzerinden Habeş Yahudiliğinin Nasıl Oluştuğuna Dair Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KURAN Neslihan
Published: December 2022

Habeş Yahudiliği tarihini detaylandırmak oldukça zordur. Konu hakkında net bir bilgi mevcut olmamakla birlikte genelde Habeşistan’da Yahudi bir grubun varlığı antik Yahudi topluluğunun üyeleriyle olan temasın sonucu olarak açıklanmaktadır. Son araştırmalar Habeş Yahudiliğinin çok daha farklı ve karmaşık bir resmini çizmektedir. Öncelikle Habeşistan’ın erken dönemlerinde etnik ve dinî olarak ayırt edilmiş bir Yahudi topluluğa henüz rastlanmadığını bilmek önemlidir. Habeş Yahudiliği araştırmasında sorgulanması gereken şey, uzun yıllar İbranî unsurlarını nakleden bir araç olarak hizmet eden Etiyopya Ortodoks Tevhîd Kilisesi’nin (Habeş Ortodoks Kilisesi ve Hristiyanlığı) kendisi olmalıdır. Habeş Hristiyanlığı dünya Hristiyanlığında farklı bir yapıyı temsil etmektedir ki bu anlamda hâlâ Şabatı gözetmekte ve hâlâ erkek çocuklarını sünnet etmeye devam etmektedir. Dahası, Ahid Sandığı’nın Süleyman Mâbedi’nin yıkılmasından önce topraklarına getirildiğine olan inancı sürdürmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar neticesinde, özellikle dinî pratikler açısından Yahudi ve Hristiyan bir geleneğe sahip olan Habeş Hristiyanlığı görmezden gelinerek mevcut kanıtlar eşliğinde -topluluk olarak- ayrı bir Habeş Yahudiliği tarihi oluşturulmak istense bunun başlangıç noktasının 14. yüzyıldan sonra olabileceği anlaşılmaktadır.

Çalışmanın iddiası, Habeş Yahudiliğinin oluşum sürecinin köken itiba-riyle doğrudan bir Yahudi grubun devamlılığından ziyade, Hristiyanlığın kabulüyle beraber Habeşistan’daki dinî-siyasî gelişmeler neticesinde ortaya çıkmış bir gelişme olabileceğidir. Habeş Yahudiliğinin günümüz temsilcisi olduğu iddia edilen Falaşa topluluğunda görülen Yahudi etkinin ağırlığı ise, 15. yüzyıl sonrası yerli keşişlerin yönelimleri ve aktardıkları metinlerin ya-ratmış olduğu sonuçla alakalıdır. Falaşaların etnik ve dinî konumları tarafsız bir şekilde değerlendirildiğinde Falaşalar doğrudan Habeşistan’ın Yahudi-Hristiyan özelliğindeki geleneğin içine yerleşmektedir. Dolayısıyla Habeş bölgesindeki Yahudilik için uzun yıllar Yahudi ve Hristiyan geleneği takip eden Habeş Hristiyanlığı karşısında sonradan ortaya çıkan Falaşa topluluğuna sorumluluk yüklenemeyeceği anlaşılmaktadır.
Osmanlı Şeyhülislamlarının Siâye (Jurnalcilik) Konusundaki Fetvaları ve Hanefî Doktrinine Katkıları
Authors: ERGİN Burak
Published: December 2022

Hanefî mezhebinde pek çok mesele tahriç yöntemi kullanılarak hükme bağlanmıştır. Tahriç yöntemiyle hükmü belirlenen meselelerden birisi de siâye konusudur. Siâye, kişinin zalim bir idareciye ya da devlet görevlisine başka birini haksız yere şikâyet ederek malî veya bedenî bir zarara sebebiyet vermesidir. Mezheb içerisinde, farklı asıllara ve fer‘î meselelere mukayeseyle tahriç yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenen siâye meselesi hakkında, zaman içeri-sinde gelişen zengin bir malzeme ortaya çıkmıştır. Osmanlı dönemine gelin-diğinde siâyeyle alakalı tartışmaların ve fetvaların arttığı görülmektedir. Siâye meselesi özellikle borçlar hukuku ve ceza hukuku ile yargılama usulü gibi fıkhın birçok alanını ilgilendiren konu başlıkları altında ele alınmıştır. Şeyhülislamlar, jurnalcinin sorumlu olacağına dair müteahhir âlimler tarafından benimsenen görüşü kendisine mukayese edilecek bir asıl haline getirmişler ve bundan hareketle birçok yeni meseleyi cevaplayarak fetvalar vermişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, zikredilen konular göz önünde bulundurularak tazmin sorumluluğu bağlamında Şeyhülislâmların ve Arap topraklarında yaşayan Hanefî âlimlerinin siâyeyle ilgili meselelere yaptığı katkı ortaya konulacaktır.
Dil Öğrenimi ve Öğrenen Kimliği: Bir Alanyazın Taraması
Authors: GÜLTEKİN TALAYHAN Özgül
Published: December 2022

Dil öğrenimi, fiziksel, bilişsel ve duygusal olarak bütün kişiliğin kullanılmasını gerektiren kapsamlı ve uzun soluklu bir süreçtir. Bu süreçte dili öğrenenler; kendilerini ana dillerinin konuşanları ve ikinci bir dilin öğrenenleri olarak nasıl tanımladıkları konusunda bocalama yaşarlar. Bu sebepten, son zamanlarda benlik ve kimlik gibi kavramlar dil öğrenme literatüründe önem kazanmıştır. Alanyazın incelendiğinde; dil öğrenimi ve kimlik oluşumu arasındaki etkileşim üzerine araştırmaların sınırlı sayıda olduğu görülmüştür. Özellikle Türkiye’de bu iki değişken arasındaki etkileşim üzerine yapılmış çalışmalar çok kısıtlıdır. Bu bakımdan, bireylerin öğrenme davranışını değerlendirebilmek için dil öğreniminde benlik kavramının rolünü anlamak önemlidir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada; dil öğrenme süreci ile kimlik arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklayarak literatüre katkı sağlamak ve eğitimcilere bu konunun önemiyle ilgili daha fazla bilgi sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, Türkçe ve İngilizce olarak yayımlanmış önceki araştırmaların incelenmesini kapsayan alanyazın taraması şeklinde desenlenmiştir. İlgili çalışmalara Web of Science (WOS), ERIC, EBSCO, TR Dizin, Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK) lisansüstü tez merkezi ve Google Scholar veri tabanları aracılığıyla ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan çalışmalardan elde edilen bilgiler ışığında dil öğrenimi süreci ve kimlik kavramına ilişkin açıklamalara yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca, dil öğrenimi ve kimlik arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamak için yurtdışında ve Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalar ele alınmıştır.
A Metaphorical Analysis of Giftedness and Inclusive Education for Pre- Service Teachers
Authors: ZARFSAZ Elham , UÇAR Serpil , KAYMAKCI Güliz
Published: December 2022

The purpose of present study is to ascertain how prospective pre-service teachers see the notions of Gifted student and Inclusive Education. The study was carried out with 92 pre-service teachers studying in Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Education Faculty and Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Education Faculty Department of foreign languages and science education during the academic year 2022–2023. This study is descriptive since it tries to present the current condition. The metaphors created by pre-service teachers were examined and commented upon within this framework in five steps: Identifying metaphors, categorizing metaphors, creating categories, assessing validity and reliability, and transferring quantitative data into the SPSS package program are the first three steps. To learn the pre-service teachers' opinions regarding the chosen ideas, an open-ended question survey with two open-ended questions was employed as a data collection instrument. In the questionnaire, the questions "A gifted student is like...... because......" and "Inclusive Education is like...... because......" were to be answered by the participants. Through the use of content analysis, the survey question data was examined. The lists of metaphors and categories were distributed to three faculty members who are authorities in the subject of study in order to assess the accuracy of the metaphors identified as a consequence of the analysis and the categories derived from them. Following the expert opinions, the non-overlapping metaphors were discussed in order to determine the final metaphors and categories for the study. It was concluded as a result that pre-service teachers created 92 valid metaphors for the idea of giftedness and inclusive education. As a result, it was discovered that pre-service teachers had positive opinions of the term "giftedness," additionally, they also created some favorable metaphors for the inclusive education.
PENDIDIKAN CINTA MENURUT AJARAN SUFISTIK JALALUDDIN RUMI DAN URGENSINYA DALAM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Aseffudin Muh , Muhammadun Ikhrom , Sutiyono Agus , Susilo Edi
Published: December 2022

Abstrak

Cinta sebagai puncak kosakata moral manusia ternyata secara mengejutkan tidak banyak dicantumkan dalam buku-buku akademis pendidikan dan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap ajaran sufistik Jalaluddin Rumi yang memuat pendidikan cinta dan menemukan prinsip-prinsip pendidikan cinta. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi pustaka (Library Research) dengan pendekatan metode analisis isi (content analysis) untuk menghasilkan deskripsi yang objektif dan sistematik mengenai isi pemikiran Rumi. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dari bahan-bahan yang koheren dengan objek penelitian yang dimaksud. Kemudian data dianalilis dengan cara reduksi data, penyajian data serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan cinta mengandung lima prinsip yang harus disadari semua pelaku pendidikan, kelima itu adalah pendidikan itu bertahap dan berkelanjutan; kemampuan peserta didik itu berbeda; pendidikan akhlak kemudian intelektual; pendidikan mental dan intelektual harus melibatkan masyarakat dan pelajar harus selalu memohon kemurahan Tuhan.

Kata kunci: Ajaran sufistik, Pendidikan Cinta, Jalaluddin Rumi

 

Abstract

Love which is at the summit of our moral vocabulary is surprisingly not widely included in educational and learning academic books. This study aims to reveal the Sufistic teachings of Jalaluddin Rumi which includes love education and discover the principles of love education. This study uses a literature study (Library Research) with a content analysis method approach to produce an objective and systematic description of the content of Rumi's thoughts. Data collection techniques obtained from materials that are coherent with the object of research in question. Then the data is analyzed by means of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions and verification. The results of this study indicate that love education contains five principles that must be realized by all educators, the fifth is that education is gradual and continuous; students' abilities are different; moral and then intellectual education; Mental and intellectual education must involve the community and students must always ask for God's grace.

Keywords: Sufistic Teaching, Love Education, Jalaluddin Rumi
INTEGRASI PENDEKATAN RE-SEAT (RELIGION, SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, ART, AND TECHNOLOGY) DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA ABAD KE-21
Authors: Rizaldi Dedi Riyan , Sudarsono Sugeng , Fatimah Ziadatul
Published: December 2022

Pendidikan pada Abad ke-21 menekankan bahwa proses pembelajaran harus berorientasi pada peserta didik. Orientasi tersebut ditujukan untuk melatih, meningkatkan, dan membiasakan keterampilan Abad ke-21 bagi peserta didik seperti berpikir kritis (Critical Thinking), kreatifitas (Creativity), kerjasama (Colaboration), komunikasi (Comunication), dan berbasis teknologi. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan terkait integrasi Pendekatan Re-SEAT (Religion, Science, Engineering, Art, and Technology) dalam proses pembelajaran fisika pada Abad ke-21. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan data dikumpulkan melalui proses observasi dan dokumentasi serta dianalisis secara derkripsi. Berdasarkan data yang sudah diperoleh dan dianalisis diperoleh bahwa pembelajaran dengan pendekatan Re-SEAT (Religion, Science, Engineering, Art, dan Technology) dapat digunakan oleh guru sebagai alternatif dalam mengintegrasikan berbagai pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam satu proses pembelajaran. Hal tersebut terlihat dari tingkat partisipasi peserta didik yang tinggi dalam setiap tahapan pembelajaran
FENOMENA GURU NON-MUSLIM DI MADRASAH BALI SEBAGAI POTRET MODERASI BERAGAMA
Authors: Widoretno Suci Andhini , Amalia Echa
Published: December 2022

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menggambarkan potret moderasi beragama di madrasah-madrasah yang memiliki guru non-muslim. Metode penelitian yaitu kualitatif fenomenologi. Subjek penelitian mencakup seluruh warga madrasah negeri di Jembrana yang memiliki guru non-Muslim serta pihak lain yang memahami tentang permasalahan penelitian. Penentuan informan dengan purposive dan snowball sampling sebanyak 17 orang, yaitu: (1) 5 kepala madrasah, (2) 5 guru/staff Muslim, (3) 5 guru non-Muslim, (4) 1 siswi, serta (5) 1 akademisi sekaligus pengasuh pondok pesantren. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Pengecekan keabsahan data melalui triangulasi data dan sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa warga madrasah: (1) menerima kehadiran guru non-Muslim dengan baik, dan (2) memahami moderasi beragama tidak hanya sebatas definisi saja, tapi juga mengimplementasikannya dalam kehidupan sosial di madrasah. Hal ini terlihat dari interaksi seluruh warga madrasah yang: (1) senantiasa bersikap santun, tidak arogan, saling menyapa, mau membantu, dan melebur dengan sesama, (2) memegang teguh nilai-nilai yang dipercayai namun tidak bersikap ekstrem, (3) menghargai hak minoritas dalam beribadah, (4) memberikan kebebasan untuk berpendapat, (5) saling menghargai dan mampu bekerja sama di tengah keberagaman, serta (6) tidak mempermasalahkan perbedaan yang ada.

 

Kata kunci: Guru non-Muslim; Madrasah; Moderasi beragama
B-CПЛАЙН УСУЛЛАРИДАН ФОЙДАЛАНГАН ҲОЛДА ТЕМИР ЙЎЛНИ ГЕОМЕТРИК МОДЕЛЛАШТИРИШ
Authors: Мухамадиев Абдували , Расулмухамедов Мухамадазиз , Сайдуллаева Дилнавоз
Published: December 2022

Турли вакт шкалалари ва турли хил сигнал улчамлари шкалаларидан кушимча маълумот олиш нуткни аниклашнинг аниклигини ошириши мумкин. Нуткни аниклаш тизимларини куришда юзага келадиган энг мууим масалалардан бири бу таснифлаш учун ишлатиладиган хусусиятлар базасини аниклашдир. Куллаш коидасининг самарадорлиги ва пировардида нуткни аниклаш муаммосини уал килиш сифати хусусиятларни тугри танлашга боFлик. Ушбу макола вейвлет-таулил ёрдамида хусусиятларни ажратиб олишга баFишланган булиб, нутк сигналларини таулил килишда вейвлет алмаштириши ва Фурье алмаштириши уртасидаги асосий фаркларни кискача куриб чикилади.
Validación del California Bullying Victimization Scale en una muestra de universitarios mexicanos
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida, México, Vega-Cauich Julio Isaac , Cisneros-Cohernour Edith ,   Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida, México
Published: December 2022

Muchos instrumentos de bullying no evalúan los tres componentes teóricos que lo conforman; y solo algunos instrumentos abordan el desbalance de poder. México no es la excepción. Es por ello que el propósito de este estudio es validar el California Bullying Victimization Scale (CBVS) en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de México, al ser un instrumento que sí contempla todos sus componentes. Participaron 1116 estudiantes universitarios mayores de 18 años. Se aplicó la versión en español del CBVS junto al cuestionario de agresión reactiva y proactiva, el Inventario de Depresión de Beck y la Escala de Malestar Psicológico de Kessler. Se analizó la confiabilidad, y su estructura, así como pruebas de asociación entre el CBVS y las otras escalas. El instrumento presentó una confiabilidad alta según el alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald. Se encontró una estructura bifactorial, que agrupa los reactivos en violencia directa e indirecta. El instrumento presentó evidencia de validez de constructo al tener asociaciones con la agresión, la satisfacción académica, la ansiedad y el malestar psicológico. El instrumento presentó propiedades psicométricas adecuadas tanto de confiabilidad como de validez, y la estructura del test es consistente con la teoría de agresión directa e indirecta del bullying.
La opinión pública colombiana sobre el acuerdo de paz 2016-2020: punitivismo, desconfianza y ostracismo
Authors:   Universidad de Zaragoza. Zaragoza, España, Gómez-Quintero Juan David , Maldonado Lina ,   Universidad de Zaragoza. Zaragoza, España, Aguerri Jesús C. ,   Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche. Elche, España, Pasachova Nataly ,   Fundación Seminario de Investigación para la Paz Huesca, España
Published: December 2022

Después de varias décadas de conflicto armado en Colombia, el Gobierno colombiano y las Farc-EP firmaron, en 2016, el Acuerdo Final para la terminación del conflicto y la construcción de una paz estable y duradera. No obstante, este acuerdo no fue refrendado por la ciudadanía, en un plebiscito celebrado ese mismo año. En 2018, ganó las elecciones presidenciales un candidato que prometió cambiar las condiciones del Acuerdos Final y modificar uno de sus principales instrumentos: la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP). En ese contexto esta investigación se pregunta: ¿cuál es la opinión de los colombianos sobre el Acuerdo Final y la JEP? La investigación indaga en las opiniones de los colombianos a través de un análisis estadístico comparativo de tres encuestas de opinión de 2016, 2018 y 2020. Los resultados detallan los cambios actitudinales ocurridos en esos años, como la disminución del rechazo frontal a los Acuerdos de Paz y el leve incremento de las posibilidades de reintegración de los excombatientes a la vida civil. También, expone algunas reticencias al cambio, como la desconfianza persistente, la reafirmación del rechazo al indulto de los excombatientes (punitivismo) y a su participación política (ostracismo).
Prevalence And Intensity Of Human Schistosomiasis In Selected Rural Communities Of Mecha District And Bahir Dar Town Administration, West Gojjam, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Asmamaw Abat Getu
Published: December 2022

The study was conducted in Selected Rural Communities of Mecha District and Bahir Dar Town Administration, West Gojjam, Northwestern Ethiopia, to determine the prevalence and intensity of human schistosomiasis. A total of 490 stool and urine specimens were collected using stool cup and test tubes respectively. The overall prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma mansoni was 10.4% and 128.03 eggs per gram of stool (EPG) respectively. The prevalence of infection ranging from 7.8% in Wotet Abay Peasant Associations to 12.9% Kudmi Peasant Associations. The prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among males and females was 13.2% and 7.5%, respectively, and the intensity of infection was 132.37 EPG and 120.42 EPG, respectively. The prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among different age groups ranging from 3.9% in ≥ 30 years to 20.5% in 10-14 years whereas, the intensity of infection was ranging from 89.47 EPG in ≥ 30 years to 168.22 EPG in 10-14 years. It signifies the fact that the age groups 10-14 and 15-19 years are the highest risk groups. It is recommended that to control schistosomiasis in the areas should target at the youngest segment of the population.
Twitter Media Information Sharing on BPJS Kesehatan Services
Authors: Fitriyah Neka , Nursih Isti
Published: December 2022

Health services are one of the fundamental rights of the people whose provision must be administered by the Government as mandated in the 1945 Constitution. BPJS Kesehatan twitter account often finds various types of complaint tweets, questions, criticisms and suggestions every day from the public in submitting opinions, questions, confirmations and other information. This research tries to see how the role of Twitter BPJS Kesehatan as a medium for sharing information. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method that tries to describe BPJS Kesehatan’s Twitter social media as a means of sharing information. The results of this study illustrate the role of Twitter in BPJS Kesehatan including: (1) Promoting blog posting companies through company accounts (2) Communicating problems faced by the community in obtaining BPJS Kesehatan services (3) Building a reputation for BPJS Kesehatan services (4) Educational facilities to the public.
The Relationship of Completeness of Medical Information with the Accuracy of Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Codes at X Kediri Hospital
Authors: Gunawan  , Sangkot Hartaty Sarma , Putri Alifia Lestiana
Published: December 2022

Completeness of medical information is very supportive in determining the accuracy of the diagnosis code for each disease. The correct diagnosis code determines the value of the claim following the tariff pattern that has been determined by the insurance company. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is in the top 10 diseases in Indonesia, so research in this field is important. The analysis of the relationship between the completeness of medical information and the accuracy of the diabetes mellitus diagnosis code is the purpose of this study. The research design used correlation analytics with the cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 68 medical record documents with diabetes mellitus cases in January-August 2021. The research sample used the entire population, namely 68 inpatient medical record documents. The results showed that complete medical information was 39 medical record documents (57%) and incomplete was 29 medical record documents (43%). The accuracy of the correct diagnosis code for diabetes mellitus is 17 medical record documents (24%) and the incorrect code is 51 medical record documents (76%). Based on the results of the Chi-Square statistical test, the results obtained p-value = 0.023, which means p-value <0.05 so H0 is rejected, which means that there is a significant relationship between the completeness of medical information and the accuracy of the diabetes mellitus diagnosis code. As conclusion, the completeness of information in medical record influence the accuracy of diagnose, specifically in diabetes mellitus cases (p-value = 0.023) Therefore, medical record officer plays important roles for the completeness of the documents
Nghiên cứu khả năng tích hợp hydrogen xanh vào Nhà máy Đạm Cà Mau
Authors: Lê Dương Hải , Trương Văn Nhân , Trần Vĩnh Lộc , Nguyễn Thị Châu Giang , Nguyễn Huỳnh Hưng Mỹ , Nguyễn Minh Hiếu , Huỳnh Minh Thuận
Published: December 2022

Xu hướng chuyển dịch năng lượng, giảm phát thải khí gây hiệu ứng nhà kính, sản xuất các sản phẩm xanh (trong đó có hydrogen xanh) đang phát triển trên thế giới và được dự báo sẽ tăng trưởng ở Việt Nam trong giai đoạn sau năm 2030 khi Chính phủ triển khai các cơ chế, chính sách để thực thi cam kết phát thải ròng CO2 bằng 0 vào năm 2050.

Kết quả nghiên cứu của Viện Dầu khí Việt Nam (VPI) cho thấy Nhà máy Đạm Cà Mau có thể tích hợp sản xuất và sử dụng 10% hydrogen xanh để giảm lượng khí thiên nhiên tiêu thụ, giảm lượng CO2 phát thải ra môi trường với tổng mức đầu tư sau thuế khoảng 3.209 tỷ đồng (tương đương 137 triệu USD). Để nhà máy có thể đầu tư sản xuất và sử dụng hydrogen xanh, cạnh tranh với hydrogen xám, cần sớm nghiên cứu áp dụng các cơ chế chính sách khuyến khích đầu tư sản xuất xanh như DPPA, thị trường carbon và chính sách thuế carbon, ưu đãi thuế trong đầu tư xây dựng dự án...
NOMINATA
Authors: Acertte Revista
Published: December 2022

Relação dos avaliadores/revisores.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SEMINÁRIOS COMO FACILITADORES NO PROCESSO DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Da Silva Fonseca Enir , Elias Santiago Verni Domeiver
Published: December 2022

Para estruturar a produção de seminários com as turmas dos cursos de Administração e Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas, os respectivos períodos letivos se iniciam com uma proposta de avaliação considerando-se as principais necessidades e desafios identificados. Com o principal objetivo de analisar os resultados da aplicação de seminários como facilitador no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, foram introduzidos em momentos e turmas distintas os conceitos de Inovações Tecnológicas para a Indústria 4.0, a Engenharia e Qualidade de Softwares, o Uso da Tecnologia Vestida nas Organizações, a Interação Humano Computador e a Sociedade, e a Internet das Coisas e suas Aplicações no Mundo dos Negócios. Empregou-se uma pesquisa exploratória e explicativa, a fim de averiguar as ideias e pensamentos, proporcionando desta forma maior familiaridade com o problema, para oportunizar esclarecimentos sobre o assunto investigado, compreendendo assim as causas e efeitos. Os principais resultados indicam uma ampla participação discente durantes os anos de 2020, 2021 e 2022 com sete trabalhos aprovados e apresentados no início do projeto, em 2020, quinze produções em 2021 e dezesseis apresentações em 2022. A partir dos resultados obtidos e com os debates críticos ocorridos ao longo da construção dos painéis, constatou-se um potencial estimulador para as pesquisas e novas construções durante as aulas.
AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE INCLUSÃO NO CONTEXTO DO ATENDIMENTO EDUCACIONAL ESPECIALIZADO (AEE): ENTRE A TEORIA E A PRÁTICA - ESTUDO REALIZADO NA ESCOLA ESTADUAL PROFESSOR SEBASTIÃO AUGUSTO LOUREIRO FIHO, MANAUS-AM / BRASIL
Authors: Azevedo Mafra Mackson
Published: December 2022

A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar como as políticas públicas de inclusão – no que tange ao Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) – são colocadas em prática no atendimento aos alunos PcD do ensino médio da Escola Estadual Professor Sebastiao Augusto Loureiro Filho, município de Manaus – Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. A investigação objetivou trazer uma discursão teórica sobre a legislação que norteia como deve ocorrer, na prática, o processo de inclusão de alunos PcD no ensino público regular. Buscou-se também mostrar como os docentes da escola pesquisada estão familiarizados com a base legal e o que está acontecendo, na prática, na unidade investigada. Participaram da pesquisa 07 (sete) professores do ensino médio que se dispuseram a participar da pesquisa, das disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa, Matemática, Biologia, Química, Física, Educação Física e Língua Inglesa. Os descritores da dissertação foram: Educação Especial; Atendimento Educacional Especializado Ensino Médio, que retratam a abordagem da pesquisa qualitativa, na qual se toma o método dialético na condução deste artigo, cujo objetivo foi fazer uma relação dinâmica entre o sujeito e o objeto no processo de conhecimento, e valorizar o observado e o observador, o todo e a parte.  A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de fevereiro a maio do ano de 2020. Os resultados apontaram que, embora os professores entendam o conceito de inclusão escolar, a própria Unidade Escolar dispõe de poucos recursos para o atendimento dos alunos do ensino médio que necessitam de Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE).
Research on Cultivation of Applied Talents in Automation Major in the Background of New Engineering
Authors: Wang Keqing
Published: December 2022

With the development of the social economy, the demand for applied talents of automation majors in the background of new engineering shows the trend of diversification, refinement and specificity. And in recent years, domestic universities have made many types of research and reforms in talent training to cope with the demand for talents under the new situation and new development, which to a certain extent alleviates the pressure of talent demand in the industry under the background of new engineering, but there still exists the phenomenon of mismatch between talent training and industry demand. In this paper, we will analyze the current situation of the cultivation of applied talents in automation majors in colleges and universities by combining macro factors such as social and economic development and market demand in China at the present stage, and elaborate on four problems that still exist in the cultivation of talents, such as curing concept, old teaching mode, lack of practical teaching content and platform, and insufficient teachers, etc., and make suggestions from four aspects: updating the cultivation concept, innovating cultivation teaching mode, creating a diversified practical platform, and strengthening We also put forward suggestions in four aspects, such as updating talent cultivation concept, innovating cultivation teaching mode, creating diversified practice platform, and strengthening faculty construction, so as to provide a reference for the cultivation of applied talents of automation majors in China.
Analysis of the Strategy of Leading the Development of Private Kindergartens in Township Central Kindergartens
Authors: Wang Xinxin
Published: December 2022

At present, social development enters a new stage, along with the continuous implementation of new education policies, people pay more and more attention to the development of kindergarten education. Township center kindergartens are of great significance to the development of rural preschool education. Strengthening the construction of township center kindergartens has an important impact on the development of private kindergartens. Therefore, relevant educators need to analyze township center kindergartens, learn from the development advantages of township center kindergartens, and continuously improve the teaching quality of private kindergartens. At the same time, private kindergartens need to pay attention to infrastructure construction, meet the actual teaching needs, and provide a good learning environment for children so that each child can be integrated into learning. This paper analyzes and researches the implementation strategies of township central kindergartens to lead the development of private kindergartens.
Use of high technology to strengthen the use of heritage conservation analysis
Authors: Tang Tiantian
Published: December 2022

Cultural relics are the carriers of history, storing the essence of Chinese culture for 5,000 years. Through the conservation and utilization of cultural relics, it can preserve historical memory, provide an important reference value for the historical research of Chinese civilization, and allow more people to understand Chinese culture. With the advent of the digital era, the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology has introduced high technology in order to enhance the conservation and utilization of cultural relics. Based on this, this paper focuses on exploring the use of high technology to enhance the conservation and utilization of cultural relics. I hope to provide some help to the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of cultural relics regarding the protection and utilization of the cause.
Performance Management Practices and Productivity of Employees in the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government, Kenya
Authors: OKELLO JANE ACHUCHI , WAMWAYI SCHOLASTICA WAMWAYI
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of performance management practices on productivity of employees in the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government, Kenya.

Methodology: This study used descriptive research design to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. The target population of this study was 350 officers drawn from various departments. The study used simple random sampling techniques to select from the list of departments, directorates and divisions to be included in the study. This study adopted Yamane (1967) sampling formula to calculate the sample size which provided the number of responses that should to be obtained. Therefore, the sample size for this study was 187 employees. The respondents for this study constituted heads of departments in the Ministry.

Findings: The study found that performance management practices significantly affect employee productivity in the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government in Kenya.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practices: Based on the study findings, it was recommended that companies should encompass their training in all their activities in order to have competitive advantage. In addition, supervisors should oversee whether the work has been done appropriately in terms of procedures as it increases employee productivity. Furthermore, it was recommended that managers should attempt to minimize stress in organizations. The goals set by companies must be able to be broken into manageable simple actions achievable in the short term with the main focus on measurable, tangible results for each quarter.
Narrating Gender
Authors: Dasgupta Sanjukta
Published: December 2022

Tagore’s short stories script the steady emergence of the Bengali New Woman, literate, intelligent and vocal. The stories critiqued in this paper can be regarded as resistance texts. These transgressive stories configure the agency of women, hitherto relegated to the margins.
Mahābhārata and Emergency
Authors: Damsteegt Theo
Published: December 2022

Through an analysis of some of the dialogues in a play by Girirāj Kiśor based on the Mahābhārata, this article shows that one of the themes of the play is that of subjects being dominated by a ruler and protesting against that dominance. The analysis also shows how a woman, Draupadī, has conversational power over men in the dialogues in which she participates. In her statements, she identifies with the people rather than the royal family into which she has married.

The play is found to argue against the extreme dominance of a ruler over his subjects, and was thus acutely relevant at the time it was written and first performed, in 1976, a time when Indira Gandhi had abolished democratic rights during the Emergency.
De l’usage diplomatique du discours sur le panislamisme
Authors: D’Agostini Aldo
Published: December 2022

The idea of the existence of an Islamic danger has been used occasionally as an instrument of pressure and dissuasion against some governments of countries of the Islamic world. In 1881, French government developed this kind of strategy during a diplomatic conflict with the Ottoman government caused by French invasion of Tunisia. In this circumstance, the idea of the Islamic danger developed into a discourse on Pan-Islamism: the French ambassador, Charles-Joseph Tissot, accused the Ottoman government of exerting a secret Pan-Islamic policy which consisted in fomenting a general uprising of Islamic peoples in North Africa. This indeed was a tactic to elude the Ottoman protestations about French occupation of Tunis. In this article, we analyze this diplomatic strategy throughout the political correspondence between Paris and Istanbul in 1880–81.