bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACTO DAS ALTERAÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS NA AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL: O AVANÇO DA SECA NA REGIÃO AGRÍCOLA DO SUDESTE PARAENSE
Authors: Moraes Bergson Cavalcanti de , Sodré Giordani Rafael Conceição , Ferreira Hugo de Souza , Silva Christian Nunes da , Ribeiro João Batista Miranda , Júnior João de Athaydes Silva , Rodrigues Mauro Sérgio , Lima João Batista Marcelo de , Monteiro Tainan Melo Carqueija , Figueiredo Fábio Malcher
Published: August 2024

As alterações no padrão de precipitação provocados pelas mudanças climáticas globais afetam todos os setores da sociedade, no Brasil, um dos setores mais vulneráveis é a agricultura. Diversos pesquisadores apontam que a região amazônica tem enfrentado recorrentes extremos climáticos, indicando que o clima da Amazônia está sendo alterado. Nesse contexto, a mesorregião sudeste paraense merece destaque devido à sua importância no setor do agronegócio e mineração, atividades diretamente impactadas pela variabilidade climática. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a caracterização da variação espacial da precipitação e a evolução do risco agroclimático do município de Marabá. Para caracterizar a dinâmica temporal da seca na região, foram utilizados o Déficit Potencial de Água (DEF) e o Índice de Precipitação e Evapotranspiração Padronizado (SPEI) e para a avaliação da dinâmica de antropização do solo, foram utilizados os dados disponíveis na plataforma do projeto MapBiomas. Os resultados apontam que a precipitação sazonais da mesorregião sudeste paraense apresentaram alteração significativa no seu padrão nos últimos 30 anos. As mudanças podem estar diretamente relacionadas as alterações do uso e cobertura do solo, sendo que o cenário geral do município de Marabá indica a perda de mais de 581.624,97 hectares de áreas de florestas, o que corresponde a 38,44 % da área territorial do município, e o aumento de 577.982,61 hectares da área de agropecuária, cerca de 38,20% da área municipal, no período de 1985 a 2020. Em virtude dessas mudanças sugere-se um período de plantio mais adequado para essa nova realidade.
A RELEVÂNCIA DA PESQUISA NO PROCESSO DE FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL: PRODUÇÕES REALIZADAS POR ESTUDANTES DO CURSO DE SERVIÇO SOCIAL DA UNIOESTE, CAMPUS DE FRANCISCO BELTRÃO/PR
Authors: HONORARTO A.A.S , GODINHO E.P , SILVA A.B. , SANTOS F.Z
Published: August 2024

Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa realizada com apoio do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC), desenvolvida através do curso de Serviço Social da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), campus de Francisco Beltrão, cujo objetivo cumpre a função social universitária de articular a tríade ensino, pesquisa e extensão, bem como efetivar uma formação profissional de qualidade, capaz de habilitar seus acadêmicas/os e formandas/os para uma postura investigativa que fomenta produção de novos conhecimentos que, por sua vez, venham reverberar em transformações sociais. Na mesma direção, situa-se o Serviço Social, profissão de natureza interventiva; portanto, sendo nodal a aproximação e preparação de seus estudantes para o desvendamento do real e da produção de conhecimentos, tornando-os capazes de mediar as intervenções no movimento da realidade, ou seja, frente aos desafios colocados pelas múltiplas e facetadas expressões da questão social oriundas das contradições inerentes ao modo de produção capitalista. Neste sentido, o presente artigo, visa socializar os resultados do estudo de iniciação científica que buscou conhecer, sistematizar e analisar as produções de conhecimento produzidas por estudantes do curso, no período compreendido entre os anos de 2015 e 2023. Para subsidiar a investigação, a metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e, para análises, privilegiou-se o método social crítico, isto é, o materialismo histórico-dialético. Resultados sinalizam que, em decorrência da história do curso, há a necessidade de adensar na pesquisa, logo, na produção do conhecimento.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Asam Sitrat Terhadap Lama Waktu Fermentasi Dan Kandungan Gizi Tempe Sorgum (Sorghum bicholor)
Authors: Samai Ulfiyah Rustam , Une Suryani , Ahyani Sakinah Dahlan
Published: August 2024

Penelitian pemanfaatan biji sorgum sebagai tempe sudah banyak dilakukan, akan tetapi belum ada pengoptimalan waktu fermentasi tempe biji sorgum tersebut. Untuk mempercepat proses fermentasi dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan asam organik salah satunya adalah asam sitrat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeahui pengaruh konsentrasi asam sitrat terhadap lama waktu fermentasi dan kandungan gizi serta uji hedonik pada tempe sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Langkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan 4 perlakuan  yaitu: K0 = kontrol, K1 = asam sitrat 1%, K2 = asam sitrat 2% dan K3 = asam sitrat 3%. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Data analisis dengan uji Sidik Ragam atau Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konsentrasi asam sitrat berpengaruh nyata terhadap Waktu fermentasi, kadar protein, kadar air, dan nilai pH tempe sorgum. Waktu fermentasi paling singkat diperoleh pada perlakuan asam sitrat 1% yaitu 18 jam, kadar protein 15,11% dan kadar air 55,45%. Hasil uji organoleptik tempe sorgum untuk warna dan aroma agak suka, rasa suka dan tekstur agak tidak suka.
Evaluation of YouTube Videos for Learning Interfascial Plane Blocks
Authors: Satıcı Muhammed Halit
Published: August 2024

Aim: The internet and social media are becoming integral to our lives today. YouTube was founded in 2005 and can be helpful in health matters by providing quick and easy access to medical information. However, the reliability of medical videos on YouTube could be improved. Many videos on YouTube about interfascial plane blocks are widely used for analgesic purposes in anesthesia practice. In order to avoid causing incorrect and incomplete information and to prevent information pollution, interfascial plan block videos on YouTube should be examined. Therefore, this study evaluated the educational content and preparation quality of the interfascial plan block videos on YouTube.
Material and Method: Educational videos of eight different interfascial plane block types on YouTube were evaluated using two surveys. Each survey consists of 14 questions. Each question receives a score between 0 and 5. Each video receives a total score between 0 and 70 for each survey.
Results: A statistically significant positive correlation exists between video educational quality scores and video characteristics. A statistically significant positive correlation exists between the video preparation quality score and video characteristics. As the number of video views increases, the video quality score increases.
Conclusion: Although YouTube contains medical training videos, their reliability is questioned. Therefore, it is more accurate and reliable for researchers to obtain medical information from reliable sources, academic articles, or publications of official medical institutions.
Pediatric Head Injuries Occur During the Play Childhood Period of 3-6 Years: A Sample from the South of Türkiye
Authors: Cumaoglu Mustafa Oguz , Vural Abdussamed , Doğan Mustafa , Yuruk Burak , Özçelik Mustafa , Sekme Sabri
Published: August 2024

Aim: Pediatric head traumas (HT) are of significant concern due to their potential for high mortality rates, which are influenced by the clinical progression of traumatic brain injury (TBI). HT poses a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality across all pediatric age groups, underscoring the importance of effective clinical management and follow-up procedures. The current study aims to evaluate the epidemiology, causes, and clinical outcomes of head injuries during childhood play between the ages of 3 and 6.
Material and Method: Focused on pediatric patients aged 3-6 years who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) for HT, and required consultation from a neurosurgeon. Data collected included patients’ demographics, trauma etiology, cranial examination findings, laboratory results upon admission, cranial computed tomography findings, classification of TBI, treatment administered, and clinical progression.
Results: The median Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were found to be significantly lower in the group with intraparenchymal injury compared to the group without intraparenchymal injury (p=0.008). The group with intraparenchymal injury exhibited a higher than expected occurrence of moderate TBI (p=0.012). Females exhibited significantly lower mean rank scores for age compared to males (p=0.032). Patients hospitalized for HT had significantly lower GCS scores than those discharged (p=0.001). There is a higher prevalence of moderate TBI than expected in the group of hospitalized patients (p=0.008). The mortality rate among hospitalized patients was 5.6%, with lower GCS scores and hyperglycemia upon admission significantly associated with fatalities (p=0.015, p=0.045).
Conclusion: Identification and management of moderate TBI are imperative in children presenting to the ED with HT during early childhood play. Children with intraparenchymal injury should be hospitalized. Additionally, hyperglycemia in pediatric HT patients may signify high-energy trauma.
Could There Be a Relationship Between Paranasal Sinus and Migraine Etiology?
Authors: Payas Ahmet , Göktürk Şule , Göktürk Yasin , Koç Ali , Tokpınar Adem , Kocaman Hikmet
Published: August 2024

Aim: Migraine is a complex neurological disease with a neurogenic inflammatory component in which nitric oxide (NO) levels increase. Studies have shown that the NO level produced in adults is closely related to the paranasal sinus volume. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in paranasal sinus volumes responsible for NO synthesis in migraine patients.
Material and Method: The paranasal sinuses of migraine patients (n=50) and healthy subjects (n=50) were examined using cranial T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI). Right and left maxillary, sphenoid and frontal-ethmoid sinus volumes of the groups were calculated in 3D Slicer program and recorded in mm3. Statistical analysis of the study was performed with IBM SPSS 23.0 and p
GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDIES FOR ASSESSMENT OF VARIABILITY IN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)
Authors: Atimokhale Daniel
Published: August 2024

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is an important crop in many countries due to its nutritional value, culinary uses, and economic significance. Genetic improvement of okra for yield is significant to overcome the low genetic potential of the existing varieties and environmental factors which are the major constraints to okra yield. This study was carried out to understand the genetic diversity of okra for effective selection of traits. Seeds of five varieties of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) were collected at the National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The seed of each accession was sown in a plot laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data were collected on thirteen agronomic characters and analyzed. Phenotypic coefficient of variation varied for fresh pod length (9.44) to dry pod weight (29.13), whereas, genotypic coefficients of variation varied from dry pod width (3.18) to plant height (25.60), both indicated considerable diversity in the germplasm studied for various agronomic traits as a result of interaction between the genotypes and the environment. The PCV was moderately higher than GCV in all of the traits studied, which indicated that environment played a little role in the expression of these traits. The low heritability associated with low genetic advance for number of leaves (14.57%, 6.66%), number of branches (11.73%, 5.15%), number of fruits (7.95%, 2.43%), fresh pod length (27.27%, 5.33%), dry pod width (6.44%, 1.62%) and 100-seed weight (25.97%, 5.08%) revealed that environment or non-additive gene action may be prevailing for these characters and so heterosis breeding will be beneficial. High heritability and high genetic advance as percent of mean were recorded for plant height (79.80%, 47.11%), days to flowering (87.60%, 25.43%) and dry pod length (70.63%, 39.64%), indicating that these traits were less influenced by environment and presence of additive gene action. NGB02436 exhibited the highest dry pod weight, suggesting potential for higher seed yield per pod. NGB00425 had the highest 100-seed weight, indicating larger individual seeds which may impact seedling vigor and final yield. NGB02518, NGB00346 and NGB00401 had longer internode length, longer plant height and their productivity is comparatively low due to low number of fruits per plant. A wide range of variability and heritability with high genetic advance was observed for the characters like plant height, days to flowering and fresh pod length. Therefore, selection of superior genetic materials based on these performances could be very effective.
Controvérsias em torno dos Petrolatos: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Baiatones Amanda Ferreira , Serrão Carlos Klinger Rodrigues
Published: August 2024

Introdução: Na gama de cosméticos disponíveis em farmácias, drogarias e supermercados existem produtos que contêm compostos como petrolatos, derivados do petróleo bruto, que são obtidos da desparafinação de óleos pesados, utilizados na fabricação de produtos de higiene e beleza. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as controvérsias do uso de petrolatos e discutir criticamente benefícios e potenciais riscos na indústria cosmética. Método: Este estudo de revisão da literatura, para isso foram consultadas as seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas: Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Google acadêmico, National Library of Medicine (PubMed), utilizaram-se as palavras-chave: produtos cosméticos, petrolatos, indústria cosmética, em ambos os idiomas, inglês e português. Selecionando-se artigos publicados no intervalo dos últimos cinco anos, de 2019 a 2024. Resultados: Os petrolatos, derivados do petróleo bruto e utilizados na indústria de cosméticos, possuem textura semissólida e estrutura química composta por hidrocarbonetos saturados. Apesar de inertes, seu uso em cosméticos levanta debates sobre benefícios e possíveis riscos para a saúde, devido à preocupação com possíveis contaminantes. A capacidade de hidratação e formação de barreira na pele são características valorizadas, levando a uma maior demanda por diretrizes claras sobre seu uso seguro. Conclusões: Diante das lacunas e incongruências nas pesquisas atuais sobre a segurança e eficácia dos petrolatos, é fundamental que seu uso em cosméticos siga as normas e diretrizes da indústria cosmética, pois os impactos desses ingredientes, devem considerar tanto a segurança quanto à crescente demanda dos seus consumidores.
Advancements in Wearable Health Monitoring - Analyzing the Developments of Wearable Sensors and Machine Learning for Epileptic Seizure Detection to improve Athletic Performance
Authors: Dhir Mannat
Published: August 2024

Wearable technology (WT) is a revolution in real-time data analytics and sports performance tracking. Both new and professional athletes depend on wearable technology to improve their competitive outcomes and training efficiency. However, further studies are needed to gain complete understanding to optimize their full potential in sports. A warning before the onset of seizure is important to improve quality of life (QoL) of athletes who have epilepsy. There is a need to evaluate the feasibility of wearable sensors to predict seizures with machine learning (ML). Epilepsy poses different challenges to manage and monitor because of unpredictable seizures. Wearable devices provide real-time data collection and constant monitoring to provide insights to trends and patterns related to seizure. Wearable technology is helpful to manage seizure as it allows early prediction, detection, and personalized intervention to empower healthcare providers and patients. This study explores latest advancements in wearable sensors designed for managing epilepsy. The findings of this study has highlighted the importance of wearable devices to improve accuracy in seizure detection, improve patient health with real-time monitoring, and promote data-based decision-making. However, this study recommends further research to validate reliability and accuracy of those devices in different clinical settings and populations. Combined efforts are needed among clinicians, researchers, patients, and technology developers to drive advancements and innovation in wearable technology for managing epilepsy, ultimately improving quality of life and outcomes for people with this neurological disorder.
Comparative Analysis of Work-Life Balance on Employee Well-Being in Public and Private Institutions in Bamenda
Authors: Marshall Teneng Awa , Emmanuel Mbebeb Fomba , Desmond Mimba Tayong
Published: August 2024

Work-life balance (WLB) has become a critical factor in ensuring employee well-being and organizational success. This study aims to compare the impact of work- life balance on employee well-being in public and private institutions in Bamenda, Cameroon. Using a comparative quantitative design, data were collected from 527 employees (269 from public institutions and 258 from private institutions) using validated scales for work-life balance, employee well-being, and demographic variables. A stratified random sampling technique will be employed to ensure representation from various organisations within each sector. The results for wok life balance reveals that there is a significant difference between employee work life balance in public sector and private sector at 1% level given that the p-value (Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0000) is far less than 0.01. again,the results for well-being sows that there is a significant difference between employee Well-being in public sector and private sector at 1% level given that the p-value (Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.0000) is far less than 0.01. More precisely, results from the unpaired t-test indicate that employee Well-being in public organisation is significantly greater than employee Well-being in private sector at 1% level as show by the result of paired t test of difference greater than 0. A close look of the results shows that, on average, employee work life balance in public organisation is significantly better than employee work life balance in private organisations at 1% level of significance.
National Education Policy 2020: Potential Differences in Public vs. Private Center-Based Early Childhood Care and Education in India
Authors: Fathima Sara , Pandey Pallavi
Published: August 2024

The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a transformative blueprint for India's education landscape, encompassing various aspects of learning, teaching methodologies, and educational infrastructure. This paper explores the intricate dynamics and implications of the NEP 2020, particularly within the context of primary education in India. The study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the potential consequences, challenges, and benefits associated with this policy reform. Through a thorough investigation, this research seeks to understand the fundamental changes envisioned by the NEP 2020 and their direct impact on primary education. Key features of the NEP have been reviewed, drawing insights from various sources, including academic publications, reports, newspapers, and government websites. The findings indicate that overall public awareness of the NEP is below average, with variations observed based on demographic factors such as gender, location, type of institution, years of service, and family background.
Impact of Duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Dynamic Postural Stability
Authors: Sambyal Smati , Kumar Sandeep , . Kanchan , Kaur Kulvinder
Published: August 2024

Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder, affecting over 100 million people globally. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is particularly prevalent, with projections indicating a rise in global prevalence from 8.8% in 2017 to 9.9% by 2045. India, in particular, has the highest number of diabetic patients. T2DM patients often experience peripheral neuropathy and muscle weakness, leading to postural instability and gait issues. This study aims to assess the dynamic postural stability in T2DM patients and its correlation with the duration of diabetes.  Methods An observational study was conducted from February 2024 to June 2024 at the University College of Physiotherapy and the Department of Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot. Thirty patients with T2DM, aged 40-60, were enrolled. The Y-Balance Test (YBT) was used to evaluate dynamic postural stability. Patients performed reach tests in three directions: anterior (AN), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL). The composite reach distance was calculated for each leg, and the composite percentage was determined.  Results The study included 16 males and 14 females with a mean age of 53.2 years and an average diabetes duration of 5.723 years. The composite reach percentages for the left and right legs were 68.43% and 68.37%, respectively. Significant correlations were found between the reach distances of both legs, particularly in the AN, PM, and PL directions. A negative correlation was observed between diabetes duration and composite reach percentages, indicating that longer diabetes duration is associated with greater impairment in dynamic postural stability.  Discussion The findings suggest that patients with longer durations of T2DM have compromised dynamic postural control, increasing their risk of falls and lower limb injuries. The YBT, derived from the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), is effective in assessing these deficits. The results align with previous studies, confirming the impact of diabetes on postural stability.  Conclusion Dynamic postural stability declines with the increasing duration of T2DM, regardless of the presence of diabetic complications. Regular assessment using the YBT can help in early identification and management of postural instability in T2DM patients, potentially reducing fall risk and associated injuries.
Practicality of Case Study Assessment Practice in Enhancing Students’ Active Learning in English Subject in Public Secondary Schools in Same District, Tanzania
Authors: Honory Moshy Gissela , Joseph Chidyau Adam , Lyamtane Rev. Eugene
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate practicality of case study assessment practice in enhancing students’ English active learning in English subject in public secondary schools in Same district, Tanzania. The study was guided by Discovery learning theory. The study employed mixed methods approach whereby convergent research design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data in one phase. Target population for this study included District Quality Assurance Officers, public Secondary School English language teachers, heads of language departments and form three students in public Secondary School in Same District. Stratified random and purposive sampling techniques were used to determine the study sample that consisted of 402 respondents. The study used questionnaires and interview guides in data collection. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in form of percentages, frequencies and mean scores whereas qualitative data from the interview guides was analyzed thematically by transcribing information, coding them and generating themes according to the research questions. The researcher considered research ethics such as confidentiality and anonymity. The study found that teachers in public secondary schools in Same district use to a low extent flipped classroom in assessment processes. The study revealed that, project-based assessment practices are rarely used in public Secondary Schools in Same district. Thus, the study concluded that case studies assessment practices were used public Secondary Schools of Same district by small number of teachers. The study recommends the government should prioritize more on resources, and teacher training to improve case studies assessment practices, ensuring practicality and supporting schools in promoting student active learning.
The Extent to which Conflict of Interest in the Public Sector Affects Private Sector Functioning
Authors: Sewsankar Geeta
Published: August 2024

This analysis explores the profound implications of conflict of interest in the public sector on private companies, highlighting the intricate relationship between governmental decisions and market outcomes. Public-sector conflicts of interest can distort regulatory frameworks, disrupt market competition, and compromise ethical standards, leading to significant challenges for private enterprises, including financial instability and reduced investor confidence. The study underscores the importance of transparent governance and ethical integrity in maintaining a fair and competitive economic environment. It concludes that addressing conflicts of interest in public administration is not only a matter of ethical compliance but a critical necessity for ensuring equitable business practices and sustaining long- term economic growth. By fostering a regulatory environment centered on transparency, accountability, and ethical governance, we can mitigate the detrimental effects of conflicts of interest, thereby promoting a healthier and more trustworthy landscape for private sector operations.
A Study of the Knowledge, Awareness and Behaviour Regarding Plastic Waste Management in Pune City
Authors: Phadtare Ratnakar , Durgade Digambar , Chavan Dipak
Published: August 2024

Plastic waste is a problem for us all. Even though plastic is one of the wonder products the problem starts when it becomes a waste. As the populations grows so does the amount of waste. The waste generation is much more in the urban areas which creates a problem because of the volume and as the waste is not segregates Keshav Sita Memorial Foundation trust is a one of the leading trust in Pune city the works on plastic waste management wherein they create awareness of segregation at source and also collect waste plastic from various households this plastic is usually the post-consumer plastic which includes mainly packaging wrapping and other traditionally non recycling plastic Around 665 people from various backgrounds from various WhatsApp groups respondent to the questionnaire. The basic statistical analysis was done on a various subject ranging from the behind the participation in plastic Warrior project and to understand the Habit change which has resulted into the long lasting behavioural change. It has been shown in many previous studies that for a sustainable waste management one needs active participation from the garbage producers I the people who generate the waste at their home workplace or other places. The behavioural change takes more time but also has longer lasting affect not only on the behaviour of the person but the behaviour of the householders also.
The Constraints of Narrow Channels: Implications for Multimodal Logistics
Authors: Meshari Ibrahim
Published: August 2024

Narrow passages, whether man made, place limitations, on the efficiency of multimodal logistics activities by affecting factors like ship size, cargo capacity, speed of transit and operational effectiveness. This paper delves into the impact of these constraints on logistics and supply chain management emphasizing the importance of developing approaches to overcome these obstacles. Key areas of study include how ships behave in waterways, scheduling and simulating traffic flow establishing passing protocols and reducing risks related to grounding incidents. The study also explores how technological advancements like ships and sophisticated navigation systems can improve safety and operational efficiency. Furthermore, it examines the benefits of integrating water routes into the broader supply chain network to enhance logistics performance and sustainability. Ultimately this research aims to offer insights for optimizing logistics operations in channels with a focus, on enhancing strategies and reducing transit times.
Using 3.4 μm Variability toward White Dwarfs as a Signpost of Remnant Planetary Systems
Authors: Guidry Joseph A. , Hermes J. J. , De Kishalay , Ould Rouis Lou Baya , Ewing Brison B. , Kaiser B. C.
Published: August 2024

Roughly 2% of white dwarfs harbor planetary debris disks detectable via infrared excesses, but only a few percent of these disks show a gaseous component, distinguished by their double-peaked emission at the near-infrared calcium triplet. Previous studies found that most debris disks around white dwarfs are variable at 3.4 and 4.5 μm, but they analyzed only a few of the now 21 published disks showing calcium emission. To test if most published calcium emission disks exhibit large-amplitude stochastic variability in the near-infrared, we use light curves generated from the unWISE images at 3.4 μm that are corrected for proper motion to characterize the near-infrared variability of these disks against samples of disks without calcium emission, highly variable cataclysmic variables, and 3215 isolated white dwarfs. We find that most calcium emission disks are extremely variable: 6/11 with sufficient signal-to-noise show high-amplitude variability in their 3.4 μm light curves. These results lend further credence to the notion that disks showing gaseous debris in emission are the most collisionally active. Under the assumption that 3.4 μm variability is characteristic of white dwarfs with dusty debris disks, we generate a catalog of 104 high-confidence near-infrared variable white dwarfs, 84 of which are published as variable for the first time. We do near-infrared spectroscopic follow-up of seven new candidate 3.4 μm variables, confirming at least one new remnant planetary system, and posit that empirical near-infrared variability can be a discovery engine for debris disks showing gaseous emission.
Coherent Inverse Compton Scattering in Fast Radio Bursts Revisited
Authors: Qu Yuanhong , Zhang Bing
Published: August 2024

Growing observations of temporal, spectral, and polarization properties of fast radio bursts (FRBs) indicate that the radio emission of the majority of bursts is likely produced inside the magnetosphere of its central engine, likely a magnetar. We revisit the idea that FRBs are generated via coherent inverse Compton scattering (ICS) off low-frequency X-mode electromagnetic waves (fast magnetosonic waves) by bunches at a distance of a few hundred times the magnetar radius. The following findings are revealed: (1) Crustal oscillations during a flaring event would excite kHz Alfvén waves. Fast magnetosonic waves with essentially the same frequency can be generated directly or be converted from Alfvén waves at a large radius, with an amplitude large enough to power FRBs via the ICS process. (2) The cross section increases rapidly with radius and significant ICS can occur at r ≳ 100R
⋆ with emission power much greater than the curvature radiation power but still in the linear scattering regime. (3) The low-frequency fast magnetosonic waves naturally redistribute a fluctuating relativistic plasma in the charge-depleted region to form bunches with the right size to power FRBs. (4) The required bunch net charge density can be sub-Goldreich–Julian, which allows a strong parallel electric field to accelerate the charges, maintain the bunches, and continuously power FRB emission. (5) This model can account for a wide range of observed properties of repeating FRB bursts, including high degrees of linear and circular polarization and narrow spectra as observed in many bursts from repeating FRB sources.
Unveiling Mass Transfer in Solar Flares: Insights from Elemental Abundance Evolutions Observed by Chang’E-2 Solar X-Ray Monitor
Authors: Ng Man-Hei , Tang Chi-Long , Zhang Xiaoping , Tam Kuan-Vai , Chen Peng-Fei , Dong Wudong , Li Jing , Tang Chi-Pui
Published: August 2024

Understanding how elemental abundances evolve during solar flares helps shed light on the mass and energy transfer between different solar atmospheric layers. However, prior studies have mostly concentrated on averaged abundances or specific flare phases, leaving a gap in exploring the comprehensive observations throughout the entire flare process. Consequently, investigations into this area are relatively scarce. Exploiting the Solar X-Ray Monitor data obtained from the Chang’E-2 lunar orbiter, we present two comprehensive soft X-ray spectroscopic observations of flares in active regions, AR 11149 and 11158, demonstrating elemental abundance evolutions under different conditions. Our findings unveil the inverse first ionization potential (IFIP) effect during flares for Fe for the first time, and reaffirm its existence for Si. Additionally, we observed a rare depletion of elemental abundances, marking the second IFIP effect in flare decay phases. Our study offers a CSHKP model-based interpretation to elucidate the formation of both the FIP and IFIP effects in flare dynamics, with the inertia effect being incorporated into the ponderomotive force fractionation model.
The Lyα Nondetection by JWST NIRSpec of a Strong Lyα Emitter at z = 5.66 Confirmed by MUSE
Authors: Jiang Haochen , Wang Xin , Cheng Cheng , Kong Xu , Zhou Qianqiao , Meng Xiao-Lei , He Xianlong , Jones Tucker , Boyett Kristan
Published: August 2024

The detections of Lyα emission in galaxies with redshifts above 5 are of utmost importance for constraining the cosmic reionization timeline, yet such detections are usually based on slit spectroscopy. Here we investigate the significant bias induced by slit placement on the estimate of Lyα escape fraction (

f

esc

Ly
α

) by presenting a galaxy (dubbed A2744-z6Lya) at z = 5.66, where its deep JWST/NIRSpec prism spectroscopy completely misses the strong Lyα emission detected in the MUSE data. A2744-z6Lya exhibits a pronounced UV continuum with an extremely steep spectral slope of

β
=
−

2.640

−
0.008

+
0.008

, and it has a stellar mass of ∼108.75
M
⊙, a star formation rate of ∼5.95 M
⊙ yr−1, and a gas-phase metallicity of

12
+
log
(
O

/

H
)
∼
7.90

. The observed flux and rest-frame equivalent width of its Lyα from MUSE spectroscopy are 1.2 × 10−16 erg s−1 cm−2 and 75 Å, equivalent to

f

esc

Ly
α

=
42
%
±
1
%

. However, its Lyα nondetection from JWST NIRSpec gives a 5σ upper limit of <5%, in stark contrast to that derived from MUSE. To explore the reasons for this bias, we perform spatially resolved stellar population analysis of A2744-z6Lya using the JWST NIRCam and HST imaging data to construct 2D maps of star formation rate, dust extinction, and neutral hydrogen column density. We find that the absence of Lyα in the slit regions probably stems from both the resonance scattering effect of neutral hydrogen and dust extinction. Through analyzing an extreme case in detail, this work highlights the important caveat of inferring

f

esc

Ly
α

from slit spectroscopy, particularly when using the JWST multiplexed NIRSpec microshutter assembly.
Constraints on Primordial Magnetic Fields from High Redshift Stellar Mass Density
Authors: Zhang Qile , Li Shang , Tan Xiu-Hui , Xia Jun-Qing
Published: August 2024

Primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) play a pivotal role in influencing small-scale fluctuations within the primordial density field, thereby enhancing the matter power spectrum within the context of the ΛCDM model at small scales. These amplified fluctuations accelerate the early formation of galactic halos and stars, which can be observed through advanced high-redshift observational techniques. Therefore, stellar mass density (SMD) observations, which provide significant opportunities for detailed studies of galaxies at small scales and high redshifts, offer a novel perspective on small-scale cosmic phenomena and constrain the characteristics of PMFs. In this study, we compile 14 SMD data points at redshifts z > 6 and derive stringent constraints on the parameters of PMFs, which include the amplitude of the magnetic field at a characteristic scale of λ = 1 Mpc, denoted as B
0, and the spectral index of the magnetic field power spectrum, n

B
. At 95% confidence level, we establish upper limits of B
0 < 4.44 nG and n

B
< −2.24, along with a star formation efficiency of approximately

f

*

0

∼
0.1

. If we fix n
B at specific values, such as −2.85, −2.9, and −2.95, the 95% upper limits for the amplitude of the magnetic field can be constrained to 1.33, 2.21, and 3.90 nG, respectively. Finally, we attempt to interpret recent early observations provided by the James Webb Space Telescope using the theory of PMFs and find that by selecting appropriate PMF parameters, it is possible to explain these results without significantly increasing the star formation efficiency.
Disparities Exist in Knowledge of Hip Fracture Compared With Stroke and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Choy Sara , Zhuang Thompson , Shapiro Lauren , Kamal Robin
Published: August 2024

Background

This study sought to answer the following questions: (1) Are there differences in knowledge on time to treatment (TTT) between stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and hip fractures in the general population? (2) Are there differences in condition-specific knowledge across these conditions? (3) Are there underlying demographic factors that may contribute to differences in hip fracture-specific knowledge?

Materials and Methods

This was a cross-sectional cohort analysis. Participants were acquired using an online survey distribution platform, Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Individuals older than 18 years with English fluency and literacy were included. A total of 913 participants who completed a survey with questions on TTT knowledge, condition-specific knowledge, history of hip fracture, and demographics were recruited.

Results

On comparing TTT knowledge, the MI mean score was 36.92% higher than that of hip fractures (
P
<.0001). On comparing condition-specific knowledge, the MI-specific mean score was 8.24% higher than that of hip fractures (
P
<.0001). Hip fracture knowledge was associated with demographic factors. Asian and Black participants and participants with Medicaid or Medicare as their primary insurance type were associated with significantly lower hip fracture knowledge.

Conclusion

Hip fracture knowledge was significantly lower than MI knowledge in the study population. Just as professional societies have invested resources in public education campaigns on the importance of TTT for stroke and MI, public education campaigns on the importance of TTT for hip fractures may support earlier TTT for populations vulnerable to delays (Asian and Black). [
Orthopedics.
2024;47(6):377–383.]
Matrix representations of Atkinson-type Sturm-Liouville problems with coupled eigenparameter-dependent conditions
Authors: Cai Jinming , Li Shuang , Li Kun
Published: August 2024

We investigate the Sturm-Liouville (S-L) operator with boundary and transfer conditions dependent on the eigen-parameter. By utilizing interval partitioning and factorization techniques of characteristic function, it is proven that this problem has a finite number of eigenvalues when the coefficients of the equation meet certain conditions, and some conditions for determining the number of eigenvalues are provided. The results indicate that the number of eigenvalues in this problem varies when the transfer conditions depend on the eigen-parameter. Furthermore, the equivalence between this problem and matrix eigenvalue problems is studied, and an equivalent matrix representation of the S-L problem is presented.
Analysis of the current status of interview evaluations in Korean medical schools and professors’ perceptions of the interview evaluations process
Authors: Ha Chungwon , Kang Ye Ji , Lee Seung-Hee , Lee Dong Hyeon , Kim Keunho
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the overall operational status of medical school admission interview evaluations in South Korea and explore the operational experience of universities conducting interview evaluations.Methods: This study used a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Through a nationwide survey and data collection from 39 medical schools, the quantitative analysis explored interview evaluations procedures, the purpose of the interview evaluations, and the competencies expected of medical school freshmen. Concurrently, qualitative data were obtained through focus group discussions with 12 professors from 10 medical schools, providing in-depth insights into the operational experiences and challenges faced during interview evaluations.Results: In the quantitative data, interview evaluations were most prevalent in the “comprehensive school records screening” for rolling admissions (85.5%), but less common in regular admissions (18.6%). Private schools (64.2%) showed a statistically significant higher proportion of interview admissions than public schools (11.1%) in the “high school grades focused admission” (p<0.01). Metropolitan areas (50.0%) conducted interview evaluations more frequently than non-metropolitan areas (11.1%) in the “College Scholastic Ability Test-focused admissions” (p<0.05). In the qualitative data, professors recognize the dominant role of “negative selection” in filtering out unsuitable candidates. Challenges in maintaining a consistent evaluator pool and team-based question development were acknowledged. Strategies, such as seeking student feedback for question improvement and conducting study meetings for interviewer preparation are essential.Conclusion: This study illuminates the operation of admissions interview evaluations in South Korea, revealing variations across regions and admissions types. These findings offer insights for enhancing medical school admission processes, guiding future research and policy.
Perceptions of organization, job attitudes, challenges, and solutions among medical school administrative staff
Authors: Im Ji Hyun , Ahn Jun Moo , Lee Seung Hee
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Staff is essential to the university’s efficient administrative operations, which are critical for education, research, and service. Medical schools, often independent, need specialized administrative elements. This study explores how medical school staff perceives the organization using the Six-Box model and evaluates their perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment based on the concept of job attitudes.Methods: This study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative data via a convergent parallel design. It simultaneously collects and analyzes data from a survey and consensus workshop for medical school staff. The survey data were statistically analyzed (IBM SPSS ver. 25.0; IBM Corp., USA), and the workshop discussions were subjected to content analysis. The findings combined provide a comprehensive understanding of the medical school administrative system.Results: Quantitative analysis revealed purpose (3.80) as the highest-rated organizational perception and rewards (2.72) as the lowest. Similarly, job satisfaction was highest (3.63) in job attitudes, while perceived organizational support (2.96) was the lowest. Group differences were observed by gender, enrollment capacity, and contract type (p<0.05). In qualitative research, keywords appeared in relation to their experiences within the medical school organization, encompassing doctor training, emotional responses, administrative features, personal attributes, and cultural influences. Overload, faculty issues, and communication gaps are obstacles. Strategies for overcoming these challenges focus on improving staff treatment, resource allocation, training, and communication channels.Conclusion: This study was conducted to explore a broad understanding of the administration of medical schools. Findings suggest challenges with workload, communication, and organizational support. We propose a dedicated medical school administrative system, improved work conditions, and enhanced communication.
E-portfolio utilization in medical school clinical practice: assessing satisfaction and learning advantages
Authors: Song Mi Ryoung , Yu Ji Hye , Lee Su Kyung , Moon So Yong , Kim Mi Ran , Lee Jang Hoon
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the difference in satisfaction and learning benefits between e-portfolios compared to paper portfolios during clinical practice in medical schools.Methods: Utilization of and satisfaction with e-portfolios among 40 third-year medical students in the medicine department of Ajou University School of Medicine was collected using an online survey in December 2020. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an analysis of variance.Results: Students perceived that e-portfolios were highly beneficial for consistently documenting activities during clinical practice, when compared to paper-based portfolios (mean±standard deviation [SD]=2.60±1.22). However, the least rated aspect was that e-portfolios require less time than paper-based portfolios (mean±SD=1.80±1.14). Additionally, among the various clinical practice courses using e-portfolios, the highest satisfaction was observed with the fewest content items in the e-portfolio.Conclusion: To maximize the potential benefits of e-portfolios, improvements in implementation and usability are essential. Additionally, for effective utilization of e-portfolios in clinical practice, it is necessary to clearly define students’ required competencies and ultimate goals, and structure content accordingly.
Mingling the Strands
Authors: Woodward Russell , Boyd Mandy , Rodwell Ian
Published: August 2024

Noting published concern regarding cross-functional learning in business schools, this chapter examines final year shared module learning across three business degree strands (Marketing, Organisational Behaviour and Accounting) at a UK Community College. A literature review examines existing work on business strand or majors in context of learning styles, personality traits, threshold concepts and communities of practice. Primary research includes a survey with students on a shared Sustainability module alongside an interview with that tutor. Limitations include the study's snapshot nature, cohort size, and the differing core or elective status of the module. Findings indicate that differences of approach linked to threshold concepts, personality trait differences and community of practice boundaries are not robust to subject learning and cohort group working. The ability of sustainability as a cross-strand business module to achieve this may be distinctive especially due to its current urgent significance. Wider research in terms of student numbers, institutions and different shared modules is recommended.