bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE STRATEGIES IN INNOVATION PRECINCT DESIGN
Authors: Maulida Farah Vicka , Maharani Rizka Tiara
Published: January 2025

Increasing carbon emissions and energy consumption due to the development of high-tech infrastructure, implementation of sustainable architecture strategies in innovation precincts arises as a solution to reduce environmental impacts. One of which raising this concern includes Melbourne Connect that has achieved numerous sustainability awards. This research explores two main questions: (1) What are the sustainable design strategies implemented at Melbourne Connect? and (2) How do these strategies contribute to sustainability? This research uses a qualitative approach and thematic analysis based on Sassi's Strategies for sustainable architecture theory, using data sources from literature study, video recording, and field observations. The results show that Melbourne Connect has implemented all components within Sassi's theory, represented by sustainable design strategies such as brownfield site utilization, porosity principle, natural elements, waste & rain water collection system, solar panel usage, and energy efficient façade design. These strategies are proven to not only reduce overall energy consumption by 40-50% compared to conventional buildings, but also create collaborative and healthy community. Therefore, Melbourne Connect can serve as an appropriate exemplar for the design of future sustainable innovation precincts.
Autocorrelation and Cross-Correlation of Climatological Time Series: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ferreira Elvira Catiana De Oliveira Santos , Vasconcelos Rodrigo Nogueira de , Silva Filho Aloísio Machado da
Published: January 2025

Objective: This article aims to contribute to the investigation of the evolution of scientific knowledge related to autocorrelation and cross-correlation analysis techniques in time series of climatological variables, wind speed and solar radiation, in order to understand what is discussed on the subject and, in addition, to support future productions.
 
Theoretical Framework: Conducting a study to investigate trends in the evolution of publications related to autocorrelation and cross-correlation measures, used to analyze climatological time series, is relevant to consolidate and deepen knowledge in this scientific field. Understanding the behavior of climatic elements is relevant in several areas of application: the spread of respiratory diseases; agricultural and urban planning tools; the relationship between climatological factors and pollutants; and renewable energy sources.
 
Method: To achieve this objective, the bibliometric review technique was used to map the literature on the research topic, assessing the impact of production by country, identifying the authors, institutions and journals that stand out, trends in the number of publications and microanalysis.
 
Results and Discussion: A total of 173 scientific articles were recorded during the analysis period, with the highest productivity peaks during the years 2013 and 2019 with 12 and 13 publications, respectively, representing together 18.25% of the total publications and from these years onwards a significant growth in the number of publications was evidenced. The countries that stood out the most in number of publications were China (21.96%), followed by the United States (4.05%) and Japan (4.05%). The most relevant authors were Li, Y. in the lead with 5 articles and Dinpashoh, Y. with 4, the same authors maintained productions on the subject over time.
 
Conclusion: Our findings highlighted the relevance of mapping scientific advances related to autocorrelation and cross-correlation of climatological time series. It is noted that China is the country with the highest number of citations received and its significant number of articles and citations may indicate that this country has relevant scientific publications on the subject. These results will be useful as a constructive reference for future research on the subject.
Design of Strategies to Minimize the Environmental Impact Generated by the Manufacturing of Wooden Furniture At Legno’s Company
Authors: Oviedo Rossana Del Carmen Hernández , Julio Valentina Michell Ramos , Ortega Gean Pablo Mendoza , Ordosgoitia Rodrigo Daniel Salgado
Published: January 2025

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the environmental impact generated by the manufacturing processes of the company Legno’s, using the Publicly Available Specification 2050 (PAS 2050) methodology and to propose strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
 
Theoretical Framework: The research is conceptually based on environmental sustainability, carbon footprint, and mitigation of environmental impacts. PAS 2050 provides a framework for emission calculation, while the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) facilitates a multi-criteria evaluation of strategies to reduce emissions.
 
Method: The methodology adopted comprises a quantitative and analytical approach. PAS 2050 was used to calculate CO2eq emissions generated in 2018, estimating a total of 13.58 tons. Subsequently, AHP was applied to prioritize mitigation strategies, considering economic and environmental criteria.
 
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the proposed strategies have the potential to reduce GHG emissions by 72.7%, requiring a total investment of $3192,62 (USD). This approach allows maintaining a production capacity of 233 pieces of furniture per month. The discussion contextualizes these findings, highlighting the effectiveness of investments in terms of sustainability and efficiency.
 
Research Implications: The practical implications include the significant reduction of environmental impact in the furniture manufacturing sector, reinforcing the applicability of methodologies such as PAS 2050 and AHP to assess and mitigate environmental impacts.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by combining PAS 2050 and AHP to propose an integrated model for emission reduction in the wood industry.
GHG Emissions and Deforestation in the Sealba Region Between 2000 and 2022
Authors: Santos Matheus Souza , Suela Attawan Guerino Locatel , Rego Lyvia Julienne Sousa , Soares Naisy Silva , Jesus Sabrina Silva De , Santos Breno Arles Da Silva
Published: January 2025

Aim: The research aimed to analyze gross CO₂eq emissions and deforestation levels in the SEALBA region between 2000 and 2022.
 
Methodology: The methodology used was based on a descriptive analysis, with a quantitative approach, and was characterized as a documentary, bibliographic and data analysis investigation.
 
Data: The data were obtained from sources such as the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS), the Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals Estimation System (SEEG) and the MapBiomas platform.
 
Results: The results indicated a significant variation in deforestation levels between the SEALBA states, with emphasis on Sergipe and Bahia. Regarding gross CO₂eq emissions, high levels were observed in the agriculture, land use change and energy sectors within the analyzed agricultural frontier. On the other hand, the waste sector occupied the last position in terms of emissions. However, it showed a continuous growth in emissions, albeit modest, throughout the studied period.
Analysis of the Temporal Trend and Factors Associated With Aids Mortality in Bahia, 2009-2019
Authors: Silva Elisangela Mascarenhas da , Contreras Jean Carlos Zambrano , Souza Jessica Suzarte Carvalho de , Silva Maria Emilia Cirqueira , Silva Filho Aloisio Machado da , Silva Carlos Alberto Lima da
Published: January 2025

Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of AIDS mortality rates in Bahia, from 2009 to 2019, taking into account the sociodemographic characteristics of patients.
 
Theoretical framework: Increased access to testing and highly active antiretroviral therapy have favored the reduction of opportunistic diseases, enabling a better quality of life for people living with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of cases in the Northeast region. In the 1990s, Bahia was relevant in the occurrence of deaths from HIV, leading to the need to to analyze the epidemiological picture of this disease to direct control actions.
 
 Method: The spatial distribution of average HIV death rates in Bahia from 2009 to 2019 will be investigated using data from the Mortality Information System and trend analysis, using simple linear regression with residual correction, according to the Prais Winsten methodology.
 
Results and discussion: The analysis of the temporal trend showed that the rates by sex and race were stationary, while the rates by race/color (mixed race and indigenous people) were increasing. This highlights the need to plan health policies and reorganize specialized services to serve people with AIDS, considering the epidemiological profile of each region and the most vulnerable populations.
 
Research implications: The results can contribute to the management and planning of public health policies, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of the aspects that interfere with AIDS mortality, considering local and regional specificities to combat the disease, especially in Bahia.
 
Originality/Value: The epidemiological picture of AIDS mortality in Bahia has been little analyzed at the local level.
The Unsuspected Intrinsic Property of Eukaryotic Cell to Dissociate the Water Molecule. Implications in the Context of Brain Ventricles Volume
Authors:   Human Photosynthesis™ Research Center, Solís Herrera Arturo
Published: January 2025

The volume of the cerebral ventricles is an important anatomical feature that is relatively simple to appreciate clinically but complex to evaluate with greater certainty. Currently, no standard exists for evaluating normal capacity, size or even growth of cerebral ventricular volume.
Revisiting Mothers’ Identity in Sharenting in Digital Era: Indonesian Mothers’ Neoliberal Performativity and Media Engagement
Authors: Triastuti Endah , Siahaan Rony Agustino
Published: January 2025

This study revisits the notion of sharenting by providing a study within Indonesia context. Scholarship discusses sharenting and concludes that as a practice, sharenting does not resemble what constitutes the identity of a 'good mother' and risk children’s safety online. This study reframes Employing argument on identity and performativity, this study demostrates the neoliberal mothers have established a new image of ‘a good mother’, especially within their engagement with digital media. Employing the digital ethnography approach, this study collect data from both online observations as well as depth interviews with mothers who are engaged with sharenting practices. Focusing on sharenting practices on 8 Indonesian mothers, this study agrees that identity of a good mother is not fixed, yet it is very conflictual and progressive. Mothers do not only show agency in claiming the performativity, yet they are also aware the consequence of the claim. Following the neoliberal narrative of the intensive motherhood, this study shows that mothers renarrate identity of a good mother as discipline, happy, grateful, competitive, resilient, hardworking and adept at risk management including managing children safety risk online. At the same time, mothers remain preserving the dominant identity of a good mother, who fully devote themselves to the childrearing activities. This study conclude that mothers’ agency in claiming new forms of identity in the neoliberal regime portrays the notion of the subject-in-process, that mothers’ performativity in neoliberal regime is both subversive, yet preserving the dominant identity of mother, and beyond.
Diffusion of Innovation Process of the ESQ Public Speaking Model in the Communication Training Development
Authors: Efendi Yusran , Kristanti Shinta , Ridwan Qilan Umara , Stellarosa Yolanda
Published: January 2025

Public speaking is an important communication ability that influences numerous areas of life, including business, school, and daily life. As the generation's decision-making and education evolve, public speaking modules should be innovated to keep knowledge current and enlighten students' challenges in public speaking, such as psychological conditions, language competence, and topical knowledge both internal and external. External challenges, such as learning environments and performance conditions, can have an impact on students' confidence and ability to speak. The research uses The diffusion of innovation theory by Rogers to find out the process of the ESQ Public Speaking Model in the Communication Training Development. This study adopts a qualitative descriptive methodology, collecting data from a variety of sources to analyze the creation and diffusion of the ESQ public speaking model, which includes an analysis of interview findings from ESQ Training Institute students and graduates. As a result, the ESQ Public Speaking method has demonstrated diffusion of innovation towards its module by enhancing the audience's visual, auditory, and kinesthetic delivery modalities and awareness, as well as by developing his own capital, which includes his spiritual, mental, and emotional intelligence. raising individuals' sense of self-worth, communicating ideas clearly, and being conscious of creating a mental and spiritual balance to boost confidence by enabling participants to activate their minds and souls through the law of mindfulness, the ESQ public speaking method creates an internal component in addition to an exterior one, which is its most unique innovation.
Empowering educators: Enhancing teacher engagement for excellence in virtual education
Authors: Guissepe Hernández Yulibeth Katiuska , Moucharrafieh Sandra Moucharrafieh , Guerra Rincón Dulce María , Hernández Chávez William Jesús
Published: January 2025

Virtual education in universities has been significantly influenced by technology due to the rapid evolution of various tools, which, when implemented in the educational sector, modernize the roles of learning and teaching in the digital era. This research aims to analyze the role of teacher engagement in fostering effective performance in virtual education. The study employed an interpretive paradigm with a qualitative approach and a phenomenological design, utilizing the hermeneutic method for analysis. Ten teachers and five teaching coordinators, who served as key informants, were interviewed. The findings highlight the critical importance of teacher engagement and commitment in achieving effective performance in virtual education. Such engagement enhances meaningful learning and critical thinking among students, improves the virtual educational process, elevates the quality of higher education, and supports the effective social integration of graduates.
ANALISIS PENYEBAB RESERVOIR RESISTIVITAS RENDAH PADA LAPISAN BATUPASIR FORMASI TALANG AKAR CEKUNGAN SUNDA ASRI DAN SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Octavia Dea , Rian Cahya Rohmana  , Widi Atmoko
Published: January 2025

This research area is an oil and gas field characterized by low-resistivity zones in the Talang Akar Formation of the Sunda Asri and South Sumatra basins. The formation's lithology comprises sandstone, claystone, shale, and interspersed limestone, all deposited in a shallow marine environment. The objective of conducting petrophysical analysis is to identify the potential of the formation, particularly its low-resistivity reservoirs. The research utilizes well log, core, mud log, petrography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and biostratigraphy data. Analysis of these data yields Gamma Ray logs, Resistivity logs, and Porosity logs, which include neutron log porosity (NPHI) and density porosity (RHOB).
Several factors contribute to the low resistivity of reservoirs in this area, including the presence of clay minerals like kaolinite, chlorite, and illite in the Talang Akar formation, which interfere with low resistivity readings. The occurrence of conductive minerals such as pyrite, biotite, and tourmaline, the high salinity of formation water (>10,000 ppm), classified as High Saline Water, the fine to medium grain size of the sand (0.063 – 0.5 mm) which can retain formation water (irreducible water), leading to low resistivity readings, and the thickness of the rock layers, as evidenced by the depositional environment of the Talang Akar Formation, ranging from the upper delta plains to the lower delta plains, are also influential factors.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Microcrystalline Cellulose-Infused Maxillofacial Silicone
Authors: Saad Ahmed Ali
Published: January 2025

Background: Maxillofacial prosthetics frequently tackle with the challenge of bacterial colonization, particularly by Staphylococcus epidermidis, causing risks of material failure and infections. Recent relevance has grown in using antimicrobial potential of microcrystalline cellulose as a possible solution, markedly recognized in different dental uses. Aims: This study aimed to determine the antibacterial efficacy of incorporating microcrystalline cellulose into silicone while focusing on its capacity to reduce Staphylococcus epidermidis adherence. Furthermore, the study also examined the influence on some mechanical properties of silicone. Materials and methods: The investigation employed 120 room temperature vulcanized silicone specimens. Microcrystalline cellulose was integrated as an antibacterial agent at concentrations of 1wt.% and 2wt.%, chosen based on preliminary pilot study results. Then, antibacterial properties were assessed using a bacterial adhesion test, determining bacterial adherence to silicone. Mechanical properties were assessed, including tear strength and Shore A hardness, with each test involving 10 specimens for each concentration and control groups. Statistical analysis involved one-way ANOVA tests with significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: There was a substantial decrease in adherent bacterial cells compared to the control group. The most significant reduction in colonization appeared in the 2wt.% microcrystalline cellulose addition group, followed by the 1wt.% group, both varying significantly from the control group. Tear strength exhibited a significant decrease, with the 2wt.% addition group presenting the lowest value, followed by the 1wt.% group and the control group. Conversely, hardness revealed significant increases, with the highest value in the 2wt.% group. Conclusion: Microcrystalline cellulose demonstrates effectiveness against Staphylococcus epidermidis. It confirms promise as an additive to silicone, decreasing bacterial adhesion effectively at both 1wt.% and 2wt.% percentages, with the latter showing superior antibacterial performance. Importantly, cellulose incorporation leads to a statistically significant reduction in tear strength, alongside an increase in hardness that remains within acceptable limits.
Fracture Resistance of Different Monolithic Zirconia Crowns with Horizontal and Vertical Finishing Lines: A Comparative in Vitro Study
Authors: Qasim Nasir Mohammed , Jawad kadhim Alaa
Published: January 2025

Objective: The primary objective was to examine how different preparation techniques and zirconia materials affected fracture strength. Materials and methods: 48 sound human maxillary first premolars of similar shape and size were used, categorized into two main groups of 24 teeth, as per the preparation technique:
Group A:  chamfer preparation design. Group B: vertical preparation design. Then, based on the type of material, each main group was subcategorized into three subgroups of eight teeth: IPS emax Zircad LT, IPS emax MT and IPS emax Prime (IvoclarVivadent). All the samples, prepared by the same operator, with the assistance of a dental surveyor. Intra-oral scanning was performed on the prepared teeth. The SironaInLab CAD 20.0 software was used to design crowns and were subsequently generated using a 5-axis milling machine. Self-adhesive resin cement was used to bond crowns to their respective teeth. To assess the crown's fracture strength, a computer-controlled universal testing system was used, which records the fracture strength automatically in each sample in Newton (N) during a single load-to-failure test. Burke's classification was employed to assess the fracture mode by analyzing each sample under a 40x digital microscope. The collected data were evaluated using statistical analysis using the independent t-test and ANOVA, with a 0.05 significance level. Results: Vertical preparation technique had higher fracture strength than the chamfer preparation technique with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). While comparable fracture resistance was identified across various monolithic zirconia crowns. All samples demonstrated a severe fracture of the crown and/or tooth (Code V). Conclusion: The vertical preparation design illustrated significantly better fracture strength than the chamfer preparation design, Materials comparisons showed comparable fracture resistance.
Maximum Deflection Level of Different Orthodontic Fixed Lingual Retainers at Failure Occurrence
Authors: A. Hussain Noor , M. AL-Khatieeb Mustafa
Published: January 2025

This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate the maximum deflection level of different orthodontic fixed lingual retainers at debonding failure occurrence. Four types of fixed-bonded lingual retainers: fiber-reinforced composite with spot and full techniques (SF,FF), braided chain wire (BCW), round metallic wire (RMW), and flat metallic wire (FMW) were used to be tested. A three-point bending test was done to measure the maximum deflection with an acrylic Frasaco mandibular model. These values were measured using a Universal Instron testing machine. Mean deference were statistically treated by ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test. The FF showed the highest mean values of the maximum deflection at debonding failure than the other retainer types, followed by the RMW, BCW, and SF respectively, while the FMW showed the lowest value of the maximum deflection of the retainer type at debonding failure occurrence from acrylic teeth. There were highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) between FMW and RMW, BCW, and FF, and between RMW and SF, and between SF and FF types; on the other hand, there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between SF and FMW and BCW, while there were non-significant differences (P > 0.05) between RMW and BCW, and FF groups. The FF retainer type was less flexible, while the SF retainer had a strong bending resistance. The BCW wire had higher impact strength, which gives the retainer more power to absorb forces and resist breakage. The RMW retainer type showed high rigidity. The FMW retainer had the least rigidity, which can be attributed to its dead-soft nature.
Salivary Flow Rate / Salivary PH Effect on Dental Caries Experience Among 5 Years Passive Smokers Children in Ramadi City / Iraq
Authors: Taha Khaudhair Aseel
Published: January 2025

Background: The most common oral condition affecting people of all ages is dental caries. Smoking tobacco has a number of detrimental impacts on the oral cavity, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Additionally, many studies revealed that the prevalence of caries increase in the study group than in the control group.
Aim of study: This study was carried out in Ramadi, Iraq, among five-year-old passive smokers children to predict the association between caries and salivary pH and flow rate.
Method: In this study, 60 kindergarten children (28 girls and 32 boys) were examined. The comparison between the 30 passive smoking children and the 30 control children was done. According to the decayed, missing, and filling Surface index (dmfs index for primary teeth) criteria, caries experience was identified and reported according to (WHO, 2013). In order to measure salivary flow rate and pH, stimulated salivary samples were taken from samples.
Result: Children who are passive smokers have higher rates of dental caries, higher salivary flow rates than study groups despite statistically insignificant differences, and higher salivary pH levels than control groups despite highly statistically significant differences between these two groups.
Conclusion: This study concluded that children who are passive smokers are more prone to have dental caries. Caries experience did not significantly positively correlate with salivary flow rate or pH. Children who are passive smokers have decreased salivary flow rates and pH levels, which increases their risk of developing caries.
Tensile Strength and Water Sorption of The Modified Soft Liner with Two Types of Plasticisers
Authors: Faris Thanoon Maab , Al-Nema Luma
Published: January 2025

Aims: Evaluate some mechanical and physical  properties of Acrylic-based soft- liner modified with two types of plasticisers by adding plasticisers Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and glycerol in two distinct weight percentages (2% and 5%).Materials and Methods: a Total of 90samples were prepared ,45 specimens for tensile strength test with a Dumbbell-shaped specimens and a central cross- sectional area of (25 × 4 × 2 mm) were produced by an acrylic-based soft liner(EZ- soft liner, Korea) divided into 5 groups according to the amount of plasticiser added, and 45 specimens were prepared for water sorption , with the a dimension of( 10 diameter x 5mm thickness) and divided into 5 group also according to the amount of plasticiser added. The anaylsis of sorption was based on the intial dry weight and on the wet and dry weight after immersion. Software for statistics was used to examine the data (SPSS).
Results: In comparison to the other groups, the groups that were changed by plasticisers exhibited a considerable decrease in tensile strength for both materials. Sorption was higher in the group C and D than in the control group.
The Effect of Mechanical and Energetic Methods for Surface Treatments of Titanium Implant Abutments on The Tensile Bond Strength With (5) Yttria Zirconia Crowns
Authors: Altaie Abduljabar Amani , Farhan Alkhalidi Emad
Published: January 2025

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical and energetic  surface treatments of a titanium-abutment (Dentium/ Korea) on the tensile bond strength of a (5) Y Zirconia coping. Methods: forty  implant analogs and standard titanium abutments of (5.5mm) in height and (4.5 mm) in diameter were embedded vertically in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin blocks. Zirconia crowns with a special design were fabricated using a CAD/CAM system. Samples were divided according to their surface treatment of titanium abutment into four groups (n 10 for each group); Group (1) acted as control (without any surface treatment for abutment). Group (2) bur surface treatment for an abutment. Group (3) cold atmospheric plasma surface treatment for abutment. Group (4) combine surface treatment with bur and cold atmospheric plasma. Forty crowns of (5)Y Zirconia were fabricated by CAD/CAM system, cemented with treated abutment by Allcem resin cement . After the (5000) cycles of the thermocycling process, crown retention was measured by a universal testing machine. After that each deboned surface was examined stereo-microscopically at a 20x magnification. The experimental results were statistically evaluated with a one-way analysis of variance, Duncan tests the honest significant difference. Results: Significant differences were found between groups based on the type of surface treatment (p>0.01). Conclusion: implant abutment treatment by combining bur and cold atmospheric plasma was the highest group of tensile bond strength followed by bur-only surface treatment. The lowest tensile bond strength was in control group.
The Relationship Between Stress and Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Dental Students
Authors: Waleed Ahmed Alkuhla Hamzah , Ibrahim Abbas Nabil , Nihad Mohammed Enas
Published: January 2025

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is common amongst patients with musculoskeletal pain problems. MPS is a pain state originating from muscle and neighboring fascia. Patients typically present with localized pain in a constrained area or referred pain of numerous patterns. Dental students experience substantial amounts of stress during their clinical study, since this type of training (genuine treatment of patients), are by far the most stressed-out when compared to other medical students.
The present study aimed to investigate the relation between stress and myofascial pain syndrome in dental students.
The Study was conducted at the Al-Farabi University College in Baghdad, A 15 males and 15 female students were examined, and their ages ranging from 22 to 25 years, all patients’ muscles were examined according to diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders 2014.
Two clinical examinations were performed one after spring vacation and another one four months later near final examination period, result of second clinical examination showed marked increase in number of students with involved muscles especially for the temporalis and submandibular muscles.
Increase psychological stress in final stage of dental college due to intensive course of study and clinics cause some student to clench their teeth repeatedly which increase the prevalence of myofascial pain syndrome.
Comparison of The Tensile Strength of The Nickel-Titanium Archwires Before and After Artificial Aging
Authors: Abd Alsattar ALsegar Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Background: Comprehensive orthodontic treatment calls for archwires with exceptional strength, excellent springiness, and a lengthy range of motion during the initial alignment stage. Due to a number of reasons that could impair their effectiveness, these archwires and other components of fixed orthodontic appliances are susceptible to deterioration or corrosion inside the oral cavity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the tensile strength of new conventional superelastic nickel titanium (NiTi) archwires to those after artificial aging.
Materials and methods: The total sample of 40 pieces of 0.016 inch round preformed NiTi archwire cutting into straight segments (30mm), 20 pieces of NiTi archwire as received wires which served as baseline and 20 pieces of NiTi archwire subjected to acid challenge experiment, and then subjected to the tensile strength.
Results:  The mean tensile strength of group A (before aging) was lower than group B (after artificial aging). The independent T Test revealed a significant difference between the groups (P <0.05).
Conclusion: the NiTi archwire exhibited significantly the lowest force value at baseline, while after aging, the NiTi archwire provided the highest force value. Therefore, the NiTi archwires are more resistant to in vitro aging than at baseline condition.
Effect of Metal Ions Released from Fixed Orthodontic Appliance on Kinetic Friction of New I Archwire
Authors: S. Yakop  Hussein , S. Salih Al Qassar Sarmad , Ahmad Hamood Aljoubory Mahmood
Published: January 2025

Background: kinetic friction force (KFF) between the orthodontic brackets and wire impacts to the sliding mechanics that affecting teeth movements and treatment duration. This sliding media is released metal ions from the fixed appliances. This study aimed to assess the KFF and surface topography of stainless steel and I archwires in dry conditions and in media fully with metal ions that released from fixed appliances.
Methods: In this research study, a set of 60 as-received straight archwires specimens (50 mm) length wire were employed and categorized into two groups based on the material type (30 super elastics new I archwires gauge (0.4572 x 0.3556 inch) and 30 stainless steel archwires 0.4572 x 0.5588" as a control (. The archwires' KFF was measured while sliding a loaded Roth Stainless Steel brackets (0.4572) on the archwire using a universal tensile testing machine in dry and metal ions released media. While the topography surface was assessed using a noncontact Atomic Force Microscope.
Results: KFF of I arch wire was significantly lower than SS wire in dry condition. Metal ions media released from fixed appliance significantly reduced KFF compared to dry condition for both wires. surface roughness reports revealed that the highest mean of all three roughness parameters was in SS group, followed by I arch wires in descending order. Additionally, Metal ions media significantly reduce all roughness parameters.
Conclusion: KFF of I archwire lesser than SS standard archwire in all conditions specially in ion media. Full ion media reduce KFF for both tested wires.
تأثير الحرب الروسية الاوكرانية على السياسة الدفاعية الاوربية دراسة الابعاد الجيوسياسية والامنية
Authors: م.م اسراء خليل مجيد العبيدي
Published: January 2025

تتناول الدراسة تطور السياسة الدفاعية الأوروبية بعد الحرب الروسية على أوكرانيا في فبراير 2022. وساهمت الحرب الروسية على أوكرانيا في ظهور أبعاد وتحديات أمنية وجيوسياسية لأوروبا، وعلى رأسها تنامى التهديد الروسي النووي، وتراجع الدور الأمني الأمريكي في أوروبا. والتي بدورها قد أجبرت الأوروبيين على تطوير السياسة الدفاعية الأوروبية، والمضي قدما أيضا في خطوات الاستقلالية الدفاعية التامة. وكانت من أبرز مظاهر هذا التطور هو زيادة الإنفاق العسكري لمستويات كبيرة، وتدشين برنامج للصناعات الدفاعية الأوروبية. وعلى الرغم من التطورات غير المسبوقة في السياسة الدفاعية الأوروبية بعد 2022؛ فإن تلك التطورات تواجه بعض من التحديات من أبرزها تحدى الإنفاق العسكري، واستمرار الثقة المطلقة في مظلة الحماية الأمريكية. وعلى إثر ذلك أيضا، يعد تحقيق الاستقلالية الدفاعية التامة لأوروبا مسألة مستحيلة.
Human-centered Approach to the Governance of AI in Higher Education
Authors: Selvaratnam Ratna , Venaruzzo Lynnae
Published: January 2025

A recent study in Australasia (Selvaratnam & Venaruzzo, 2023) revealed some challenges and gaps in the governance of AI and data in higher education, mainly from the human-centeredness perspectives of accessibility, inclusivity and wellbeing. This paper is a narrative review to discern principles of a human-centered approach to the governance of artificial intelligence (AI), benchmarking literature, policies and practice across diverse geopolitical contexts for higher education, synthesizing the review results to provide guiding principles that can support this.
Optical detrapping of charge from the 110C quartz TL region
Authors: Bailey R. M.
Published: January 2025

A series of experiments has shown that the mechanism responsible for the enhanced rate of decay under illumination of PTTL (photo-transferred thermoluminescence) in the ~110°C region is most likely to be optical detrapping of charge. It has been demonstrated that an alternative explanation for the decay, related to changes in acceptor site concentrations, is unlikely to be the cause. An optical half-life of ~600s is deduced for the ~110°C PTTL emission for the conditions described (420-560nm, 12 mW.cm-2 stimulation).
Improvements in infrared stimulated dating of partially bleached sediments - the 'differential' partial bleach technique
Authors: Singhvi A. K. , Lang A.
Published: January 2025

A new approach to estimate optical ages making use of the most light sensitive component of partially bleached sediments is proposed. A differential partial bleach tecnique is used where the stimulation duing measurement substitutes for the laboratory bleach. Results on infrared stimulated luminescence frome fine grain sediments of diverse depositional environments, based on this approach are presented. Improvements are obtained in the case of poorly bleached sediments, whereas results for well bleached sediments are consistent with other optical dating results. The differential partial bleach technique is seen as primarily applicable to silt-sized sediments, for which single-grain dating is not feasible.
Further comments on decay kinetics of isotropic radicals in carbonates
Authors: Idrissi S. , Bentourkia M. , Debuyst R.
Published: January 2025

This work is a continuation of previous investigations on decay kinetics of isotropic radicals in carbonates (Ancient TL, 1997, 15, 30-35). It rules out a model implying only chemical reactions between CO2 and CO3 radicals, questions the use of a sum of first-order kinetics and supports the dispersive second-order equal concentration kinetics with a time-dependent rate constant.
HF treatment for the isolation of fine grain quartz for luminescence dating
Authors: Prasad S.
Published: January 2025

Optical dating of silt sized quartz is advantageous for fluvially transported sediments where the extent of predepositional zeroing is uncertain. The effect of sunlight on the OSL of quartz is faster, than for feldspar, and the silt sized particles being carried closer to the surface of water than sand sized ones will have received a greater sunlight exposure. An HF treatment for isolation of quartz, requiring only a few hours, is described. This method has been found to be useful for samples containing up to 40% feldspar.
Red luminescence emission from potassium feldspars stimulated by infrared
Authors: Fattahi M. , Stokes S. , Lamothe M.
Published: January 2025

The use of the blue–UV Infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) from feldspars in luminescence dating has generally been unsuccessful due to age underestimation related to anomalous fading. The red emission from feldspar may however provide a non-fading alternative. A series of experiments are reported here which investigate IR stimulated (λ = 833 ± 5 nm) red luminescence emission from potassium feldspar. The aim is to demonstrate the potential of red IRSL as an alternative to the widely used UV-blue emission IRSL approaches. Five key factors are optimised to increase the dose-related red IRSL signal, and to decrease the background signal levels. These include photomultiplier tube (PMT) characteristics, detection filter combinations, laser diode intensity, measurement temperature, and substrate related effects. Preliminary measurements are described that illustrate the considerable potential of red IRSL for dating applications, including low sensitivity changes from volcanic potassium feldspars and high dose saturation of red IRSL from sedimentary and volcanic potassium feldspars.
A linear modulation OSL study of the unstable ultrafast component in samples from Glacial Lake Hitchcock, Massachusetts, USA
Authors: Goble R. J. , Rittenour T. M.
Published: January 2025

Optical ages were determined for samples from delta and sand dune deposits associated with Glacial Lake Hitchcock near Amherst, Massachusetts using the single aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technique. However, a strong unstable ultrafast component caused initial rejection of data from a large proportion of aliquots. A linearly modulated blue OSL (LM-OSL) study was undertaken on the sample with the strongest ultrafast component, with the data modelled using the equation of Bulur et al. (2000) as 5 fast, medium and slow components, and 1 ultrafast component. The ultrafast component dominates the LM–OSL, almost completely obscuring the fast component. As suggested by Jain et al. (2003), the thermal stability of the ultrafast component was examined, using temperatures between 180°C and 300°C (10s preheat) and extended preheats at 300°C (10-60s). Preheats of sufficient stringency to remove the ultrafast component (300ºC for ≥ 20s) also strongly depleted the fast component. The stabilities of the ultrafast and fast components were also examined as a function of low-power, short-duration continuous-wave blue-light stimulations (CW-OSL). A 3.0s, 0.35 mW.cm-2 (1% diode power), 125ºC preshine in combination with a 240ºC/10s preheat removed the ultrafast component, and caused significantly less fast component depletion than more stringent preheats. Data from a modified SAR procedure in which each OSL measurement is preceded by a low-power preshine have improved recycling ratios and reduced equivalent dose (De) errors. De values and resultant ages determined using the preshine-based SAR proposed here are consistent with regional age constraints on the delta and sand dune samples from Glacial Lake Hitchcock.
note on estimating the error when subtracting background counts from weak OSL signals
Authors: Li B.
Published: January 2025

The counting statistics of the instrumental background that underlies all OSL measurements was investigated and found not to follow a Poisson distribution. However, if the instrumental background is assumed to have a Poisson distribution, substantial underestimation of the error of the background-corrected OSL signal may occur, especially for samples with a weak OSL signal. An alternative method is suggested for estimating the error on the background-corrected OSL signal by making a separate measurement of the variance of the instrumental background.
Evaluation of soil-moisture content for OSL dating using an infiltration model
Authors: Rosenzweig Ravid , Porat Naomi
Published: January 2025

Uncertainty in soil-moisture content estimation can introduce large errors into calculation of OSL ages. In the current paper we evaluate the soil-moisture content by using an infiltration model which encompasses site-specific information regarding the climatic conditions and soil properties. The model provides the variation of the soil-moisture content with depth and time. It also provides clear uncertainty bounds for the estimated soil-moisture profile which serves as a measure for model reliability. The current approach is implemented to calculate the soil-moisture profile of a LateHolocene, open-structure soil section subjected to Mediterranean climate in which hot and dry summers and cool and wet winters generate large variation in the moisture-content. We show that the model can improve soil-moisture estimation, reducing the associated uncertainty and accounting for the depth from the soil surface. These estimates can then be used to better constrain uncertainties in OSL dose rate calculations.
Software in the context of luminescence dating: status, concepts and suggestions exemplified by the R package ‘Luminescence’
Authors: Kreutzer S. , Burow C. , Dietze M. , Fuchs M. C. , Fischer M. , Schmidt C.
Published: January 2025

The relevance of luminescence dating is reflected by the steadily growing quantity of published data. At the same time, the amount of data available for analysis has increased due to technological and methodological advances. Routinely, luminescence data are analysed using a mixture of commercially available software, self-written tools and specific solutions. Based on a luminescence dating literature screening we show how rarely articles report on the software used for the data analysis and we discuss potential problems arising from this. We explore the growing importance of the statistical programming language R in general and especially its reflection in recent software developments in the context of luminescence dating. Specifically, for the R package ‘Luminescence’ we show how the transparency, flexibility and reliability of tools used for the data analysis have been improved. We finally advocate for more transparency if unvalidated software solutions are used and we emphasise that more attention should be paid to the tools used for analysing the data.
Quantifying hydrofluoric acid etching of quartz and feldspar coarse grains based on weight loss estimates: implication for ESR and luminescence dating studies
Authors: Duval M. , Guilarte V. , Campaña I. , Arnold L. J. , Miguens L. , Iglesias J. , González-Sierra S.
Published: January 2025

A series of hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching experiments were performed on several 50 to 300 µm (nominal sieve opening) quartz and feldspar samples, and average etching thicknesses were subsequently determined from weight loss estimates, following the approach of Bell & Zimmerman (1978). Our results are consistent with previous studies and confirm that both HF experimental conditions (etching time, HF concentration, agitation) and the nature/origin of the minerals have a significant effect on etching rate and magnitude. For the samples considered in this study, the outer 10 µm of quartz (i.e., the usual etching target in most ESR and luminescence dating studies) was removed with 40% HF after 40 min of etching, in fair agreement with previous studies. Similar etching results were achieved in just over 20 min when the quartz samples were constantly agitated during 40% HF treatment. For K-feldspars, 10% HF etching for between 10 and 40 min was required to remove the same thickness, although some variability in etching efficiency was evident between different samples and experimental conditions. For a given experimental setup, the overall variability in etching thickness among quartz samples was found to be of at least 20% after 40–60 min with 40% HF, and can be as high as ∼35%. A set of 14 K-feldspars from a single site revealed an inherent variability of 14% in etching thickness. As a first order approximation, these data may provide useful insights into the expected variability among samples of different origin and from a given area, respectively. However, we recommend that each laboratory evaluates etching thickness losses for their specific HF experimental setup. Additionally, our results show that the 10 µm etching usually considered in ESR and luminescence dating studies may reduce the alpha contribution of the total dose rate to
How reliable are our beta-source calibrations?
Authors: Tribolo C. , Kreutzer S. , Mercier N.
Published: January 2025

The calibration of any artificial β-source attached to a luminescence reader is fundamental for the accuracy of luminescence dating results. Here, we present calibration results obtained for a β-source attached to a single grain Risø reader in Bordeaux using a series of quartz of different origins. The quartz was irradiated with three different γ-irradiators. An unexpected variability of the apparent dose rates was observed and our results suggest that the γ-irradiation is the main reason for this variability. Further work is needed to clarify the underlying reasons.
Luminescence as a Relative Dating Tool: Part B – Application
Authors: Hood A. G. E. , Köhler E. C. , Highcock E. G. , Schwenninger J.-L.
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses the applicability of using luminescence as a relative numerical dating tool. Examples of when such an application may be useful include the dating of museum materials for which original external dose rate information is no longer obtainable. Without the external dose rate, it is still possible to obtain the relative ages of two or more vessels, which is particularly useful when attempting to ascertain typological sequences or chronological implications of archaeological assemblages. This paper presents a case study on determining the relative numerical age using optically stimulated (OSL) dating, carried out on a group of ancient Egyptian ceramics. This paper is preceded directly by Part A (Highcock et al., 2019) of this article, which presents a derivation of the formulae for obtaining both a relative luminescence age and the associated relative error.
Luminescence Dating of Quartz: A MATLAB-Based Program for computation of SAR paleodoses using natural sensitivity correction (NCF)
Authors: Kaushal R. K. , Chauhan N. , Singhvi A. K.
Published: January 2025

This study presents a MATLAB based program to implement the natural sensitivity correction (NCF) for the assessment of single aliquot regeneration based paleodoses (Singhvi et al., 2011; Chauhan & Singhvi, 2019). Several software packages /spreadsheets are in use to calculate the SAR paleodoses (Des) but do not offer the facility for such a correction. The user-friendly program presented here, computes NCF-SAR paleodoses (Des) and includes the errors in the measured NCF values. MonteCarlo simulation was used to propagate the uncertainties in the paleodoses from the NCF and uncertainties in curve fitting parameters.