bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Dive Into Yeast's Sugar Diet—Comparing the Metabolic Response of Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, and Maltose Under Dynamic Feast/Famine Conditions
Authors: Verhagen Koen Johannes Anthonius , Pardijs Ilse Henrike , van Klaveren Hendrik Matthijs , Wahl Sebastian Aljoscha
Published: January 2025

Microbes experience dynamic conditions in natural habitats as well as in engineered environments, such as large‐scale bioreactors, which exhibit increased mixing times and inhomogeneities. While single perturbations have been studied for several organisms and substrates, the impact of recurring short‐term perturbations remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to repetitive gradients of four different sugars: glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose. Due to different transport mechanisms and metabolic routes, nonglucose sugars lead to varied intracellular responses. To characterize the impact of the carbon sources and the dynamic substrate gradients, we applied both steady‐state and dynamic cultivation conditions, comparing the physiology, intracellular metabolome, and proteome. For maltose, the repeated concentration gradients led to a significant decrease in biomass yield. Under glucose, fructose, and sucrose conditions, S. cerevisiae maintained the biomass yield observed under steady‐state conditions. Although the physiology was very similar across the different sugars, the intracellular metabolome and proteome were clearly differentiated. Notably, the concentration of upper glycolytic enzymes decreased for glucose and maltose (up to −60% and −40%, respectively), while an increase was observed for sucrose and fructose when exposed to gradients. Nevertheless, for all sugar gradient conditions, a stable energy charge was maintained, ranging between 0.78 and 0.89. This response to maltose is particularly distinct compared to previous single‐substrate pulse experiments or limitation to excess shifts, which led to maltose‐accelerated death in earlier studies. At the same time, enzymes of lower glycolysis were elevated. Interestingly, common stress‐related proteins (GO term: cellular response to oxidative stress) decreased during dynamic conditions.
A Rise in Reactive Criminal Thinking Over the Course of a 10‐Week Prison‐Based Programme Predicts Increased Criminal Propensity: Testing the Exportation Hypothesis
Authors: Walters Glenn D.
Published: January 2025

Background

The importation model holds that inmate behaviour is a function of behaviours and thought patterns offenders bring with them into prison from the community. It may also be that offenders export behaviours and thought patterns they develop or refine in prison when they return to the community.

Aims

The purpose of this study was to determine whether an increase in reactive criminal thinking in prisoners predicts recidivism following release.

Methods

A sample of 282 male prisoners housed in a medium security federal facility completed the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) at the beginning and end of a 10‐week therapy group and were eventually released back to the community.

Results

The results of a Cox proportional hazards survival analysis revealed that prisoners who experienced a rise in reactive criminal thinking over the course of the 10‐week group were significantly more likely to recidivate than prisoners who did not display an increase in reactive criminal thinking, controlling for several factors, including prior arrests.

Conclusions

These results indicate that growth in reactive criminal thinking during incarceration portends poor outcomes upon release from prison. This suggests that a lack of critical thinking, potentially attributable to a rise in reactive criminal thinking during incarceration, may interfere with a person's ability to reintegrate safely and effectively into society once they are released from prison.
Commissural Alignment in SAPIEN 3 Valves: Impact on Gradient and Mortality at Follow‐Up
Authors: Unzue Leire , Antón Belén Díaz , Laderas Adrián Peláez , Polo Lorena Martín , Vázquez Jose María Castellano , Rodrigo Francisco José Rodríguez , Jimenez Francisco Javier Parra , Fernández‐Friera Leticia , Mestre Rodrigo Teijeiro , Fernández Eulogio García
Published: January 2025

Background

Commissural misalignment (CMA) has demonstrated to difficult future coronary access in self‐expandable prosthesis and has been related with subclinical leaflet thrombosis and a potential increase in valve gradients and aortic regurgitation at follow‐up.

Aims

The aim of our study was to assess the commissural alignment of the balloon expandable SAPIEN 3 valve (Edwards Lifesciences) and to evaluate its impact on transvalvular gradient and mortality at 5 years of follow‐up.

Methods

Consecutive patients treated with SAPIEN 3 prosthesis guided with intraprocedural transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) with a minimal follow‐up of 5 years were included. Commissural alignment between the prosthesis and the native valve was measured by TEE by two independent cardiologists using a standardized 3‐cusp view pre and post‐valve deployment. CMA was defined as a neocommissure deviation > 30° compared with native commissures. Echocardiographic gradients and clinical events were recorded during follow‐up and compared between groups.

Results

One hundred and five patients (54% male, mean age 80.4 years) were included; 63 (40%) were classified as “aligned” (CMA < 30°) and 42 (60%) as “misaligned” (CMA > 30°). Patients with CMA > 30° presented smaller aortic annulus (23.8 vs. 20.7, p < 0.01) and received smaller valves. There was a slight increase of mean transvalvular gradient during follow‐up (9.2−10.3 mmHg, p < 0.05), without significant differences between groups. Mortality rate was 16.2% at 1 year and 49.5% at 5 years; and not related to commissural alignment.

Conclusions

Significant CMA is present in 40% of patients treated with SAPIEN 3 valves, however, we didn't find a significant association between CMA and gradient increase or mortality during long‐term follow‐up.
Anatomical Predictors of Access‐Related Vascular Complications Following Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Demirci Gökhan , Aslan Serkan , Şahin Ahmet Anıl , Demir Ali R. , Erata Yunus Emre , Türkmen İrem , Kanyılmaz Mehmet , Türkvatan Aysel , Ertürk Mehmet
Published: January 2025

Background

Access‐related vascular complications (VCs) after percutaneous transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are associated with poor clinical outcomes and remain a significant challenge despite technological advances. The aim of this study was to identify anatomic predictors of access‐related VCs after TAVR on preprocedural contrast‐enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).

Aims

The aim of this study was to identify anatomical predictors of access‐related VCs after TAVR on preprocedural contrast‐enhanced MDCT.

Methods

A total of 348 consecutive patients with symptomatic severe AS who underwent transfemoral TAVR were included retrospectively. The primary endpoint of the study was the composite of minor and major access site complications as defined by the Valve Academic Research Consortium‐3 (VARC‐3) criteria. The study population was divided into two groups according to the VC including VC (+) and VC (−).

Results

A total of 101 patients (29%) developed VC (8.7% major, 20.3% minor) following TAVR. Regression analysis identified severe CFA calcification (p = 0.004), CFA depth (p < 0.001), minimum CFA diameter (p < 0.001), CFA depth‐to‐diameter ratio ≥ 5.6 (p < 0.001), and sheath‐to‐femoral artery ratio (SFAR) (p < 0.001) as significant predictors of VC. ROC curves generated for the occurrence of VC, the AUC for the femoral artery depth‐to‐diameter ratio (0.720) was higher than the AUC for the SFAR and the depth of the femoral artery (0.636, 0.630).

Conclusion

Complications related to vascular access sites continue to be a significant concern for patients undergoing TF‐TAVR. The CFA depth‐to‐diameter ratio has demonstrated superior predictive performance for VC compared to SFAR as expressed in the literature. Utilizing this criterion may enhance risk stratification for VC in high‐risk patients, potentially reducing associated morbidity and mortality.
Phase Behavior Determines Morphology of Amylose Crystallized From Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Ziegler Gregory R. , Creek John A.
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

Here, we present a simplified system comprising amylose of varying degrees of polymerization in water, with the goal of probing the temperature–concentration phase diagram to determine if a miscibility gap leading to liquid−liquid phase separation might serve as a model for starch granule initiation and, if so, under what conditions.

Findings

A miscibility gap in the cooling‐rate‐dependent phase behavior is demonstrated for the amylose−water system, with its temperature and concentration depending on the degree of polymerization (DP) of the starch. Liquid–liquid phase separation within this miscibility gap followed by crystallization of the polymer‐rich phase produced spherulites. If crystallization preceded liquid–liquid phase separation, a precipitate or gel was formed. The upper critical solution temperature appeared between 60°C and 70°C, and the miscibility gap was observed between 5% and 30%–50% w/w starch, depending on DP for DP ≥ 68. For DP 29, the miscibility gap occurred at concentrations ≥ 20% w/w.

Conclusions

A cooling‐rate‐dependent miscibility gap in the temperature–concentration phase diagram has been observed in aqueous amylose solutions under reasonable ambient conditions of temperature and starch concentration, allowing phase separation to occur within plastids in vivo.

Significance and Novelty

This work provides a biophysical complement to the biochemistry associated with starch granule initiation.
Predicting Hand Folded Japanese Sponge Cake Quality Using Rapid Visco Analyzer Flour Pasting Properties
Authors: Mense Andrew L. , Ross Andrew S. , Bock Jayne E.
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate a series of Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) methods for their ability to produce results that were predictive of hand folded Japanese sponge cake (JSC) quality. Two solvents (water and 50% [w/w] aqueous sucrose) and two temperature profiles (Standard 1 [STD 1] and an internal cake temperature profile) were selected to run across a set of flour samples from two crop years. The RVA results were previously analyzed (and published) for their ability to produce results that were predictive of mechanically folded JSC. Due to the continued use of the hand fold method, there was a need to understand how these RVA methods produced results that were predictive of hand folded JSC quality. Hand folded JSC is prepared by manually folding the flour into the egg sugar mixture using a wooden paddle, while the mechanical folding method utilizes a KitchenAid with attached paddle.

Findings

Water, 5% lactic acid, 5% sodium carbonate, and 50% sucrose SRC solvents showed no significant correlations with JSC quality. RVA viscosity results from both profiles using water were generally not significantly correlated with JSC quality while the sucrose solvent batter pasting viscosity (BPV) was significantly correlated. RVA BPV run with the internal cake temperature profile using the sucrose solvent showed significant correlations with hand folded JSC volume (r = 0.76, p ≤ 0.05), firmness (r = −0.89, p ≤ 0.01), and overall score (r = 0.79, p ≤ 0.01).

Conclusions

The RVA BPV results showed that a 50% (w/w) sucrose solvent, when compared to water, could more accurately be used to predict and screen for JSC quality outcomes. The internal cake temperature profile BPV was better correlated with hand folded JSC quality than the STD 1 profile when using sucrose solvent.

Significance and Novelty

This research identified that the RVA BPV employing the internal cake temperature profile, and a 50% sucrose solvent could estimate hand folded JSC quality using less flour and taking less time than a bake test.
Intravascular Large B‐Cell Lymphoma Mimicking Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Oshima Seigi , Sakamoto Soichiro , Takahashi Ken , Kitano Toshiyuki
Published: January 2025

Intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma (IVLBL) poses a diagnostic challenge due to its varied, nonspecific symptoms. Utilizing PET‐CT can be valuable in identifying lesions across the body, aiding clinicians in targeted biopsy planning. Clinicians need to be aware that IVLBL may manifest hepatic lesions along Glisson's sheath mimicking intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Pulmonary Embolism: Highlighting Iron Deficiency Anemia as a Contributing Factor in the Development of Pulmonary Embolism—A Case Report
Authors: Yogeeta Fnu , Devi Muskan , Rauf Sameer Abdul , Tooba Fnu , Sumar Khadija Asif , Haque Md Ariful
Published: January 2025

This case emphasizes iron deficiency anemia (IDA) as a potential risk factor for pulmonary embolism (PE), especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. Early recognition and management of PE and IDA are crucial. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms linking IDA to thrombosis and improve prevention strategies.
Recent advances in non‐noble metal‐based electrocatalysts for hybrid water electrolysis systems
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Jiayi , Zong Kai , Chen Zhen , Yang Xin , Yang Lin , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei
Published: January 2025

The electrocatalytic water‐splitting process is widely acknowledged as the most sustainable and environmentally friendly technology for hydrogen (H2) production. However, its energy efficiency is significantly constrained by the kinetically slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode, which accounts for about 90% of the electrical energy consumption in the water‐splitting process. A new strategy is urgently needed to reduce its energy consumption. In recent years, electrochemical oxidation of small molecules has been considered for replacement of OER for efficient H2 production, due to its benign operational conditions, low theoretical thermodynamic potential, high conversion efficiency and selectivity, and environmental sustainability. Hybrid electrolysis systems, by integrating cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction with anodic oxidation of small molecules, have been introduced, which can generate high‐purity H2 and produce value‐added products or pollutant degradation. In this review, we highlight the recent advancements and significant milestones achieved in hybrid water electrolysis systems. The focus is on non‐noble metal electrocatalysts, reaction mechanisms, and the construction of electrolyzers. Additionally, we present the prevailing challenges and future perspectives pertinent to the evolution of this burgeoning technology.
Digital twins: Transforming the chemical process industry—A review
Authors: Pal Pratyush Kumar , Hens Abhiram , Behera Narottam , Lahiri Sandip Kumar
Published: January 2025

Digital twin (DT) technology represents a significant advancement in the digital transformation of the chemical process industry (CPI), offering innovative capabilities for real‐time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and process optimization. This review investigates the current deployment status, frameworks, architectures, and applications of DTs within CPI, highlighting their transformative potential in improving operational efficiency, enhancing safety, and promoting sustainability. By examining case studies from industry leaders and analyzing recent advancements, this study elucidates the critical roles of DTs in asset health monitoring, process optimization, and environmental performance. The review identifies key components of DT frameworks, including data integration, hybrid modelling, and real‐time analytics, which are essential for effective implementation. It further explores challenges such as high computational requirements, integration with legacy systems, cybersecurity risks, and the lack of standardization, which impede widespread adoption. Despite these challenges, the paper emphasizes opportunities for leveraging advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, edge computing, and 5G connectivity to enhance DT capabilities and scalability. In addition, this review underscores the importance of DTs in addressing global sustainability goals, mainly through their ability to optimize energy consumption, reduce emissions, and facilitate circular economy practices. By synthesizing insights from academia and industry, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of DTs' current state and future potential in CPI, offering strategic directions for research and development. The findings contribute to advancing the deployment of DTs as a cornerstone technology in achieving operational excellence, safety, and sustainability in the chemical process industry.
Simulation of a bubbling fluidized bed reactor for phosphogypsum decomposition with carbon monoxide
Authors: Laasri Fadoua , Mostoufi Navid , Garcia Adrian Carrillo , Chaouki Jamal
Published: January 2025

Phosphogypsum (PG), a by‐product of the phosphoric acid industry and rich in calcium sulphate (CaSO4), has an unfavourable environmental impact, making its management one of the crucial issues of phosphoric acid production. As a result, PG production is integrated with or without treatment in many industries, such as agriculture, building materials, and sulphuric acid. In the latter application, carbon monoxide (CO) is used to decompose PG to extract the sulphur according to a two‐parallel reaction producing calcium sulphide (CaS) and calcium monoxide (CaO) in the solid phase. To depict the effect of the solid temperature (T), CO partial pressure (PCO), inlet gas velocity (U0), residence time (), particle size (PS), and solid exchange coefficient () on the overall fluidized bed reactor performance, a simulation study was performed according to the dynamic two‐phase model. The results show that CO partial pressure, solid residence time, particle size, and inlet gas velocity have the most significant effect on the PG conversion. On the other hand, the temperature and partial pressure of CO have the most critical effect on product selectivity. The concentration profiles of both reactants CaSO4 and CO reveal that the reaction in the emulsion phase is faster than in the bubble phase due to the good mixing in this phase.
Effect of High‐Fat Diets on the Pharmacokinetics of Bedaquiline Fumarate Tablet: A Trial in Healthy Chinese Participants
Authors: Wang Xuanxuan , Zhao Xiaoyu , Yang Shaomei , He Kun , Wen Qing , Zhang Wenyu
Published: January 2025

Bedaquiline is employed to treat multidrug‐resistant and extensive drug‐resistant tuberculosis by inhibiting the proton pump of adenosine triphosphate synthase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study aims to investigate the effect of high‐fat diets on the pharmacokinetics of bedaquiline through a single‐center, open‐label, randomized trial in healthy Chinese participants. Bedaquiline fumarate tablets were administered at a dosage of 100 mg under both fasted conditions and high‐fat diet conditions. The concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental model. The high‐fat diet group showed a maximum plasma concentration that exceeded that of the fasted group by more than 4‐fold and an area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the last measurable point that was more than twice as high. Moreover, compared to the fasted group, the high‐fat diet group exhibits significantly lower levels of apparent clearance, indicating that the high‐fat diet markedly enhances the rate and extent of gastrointestinal absorption of bedaquiline. To optimize drug bioavailability and absorption and ensure safety, the administration of bedaquiline with food is recommended in accordance with clinical usage guidelines and expert consensus.
The High Place Phenomenon: Associations With Markers of Positive and Negative Mental Health in Individuals Suffering From Specific Phobia or Agoraphobia
Authors: Wiesmann Lara , Wannemüller André , Teismann Tobias
Published: January 2025

Background

The Call of the Void phenomenon describes an inexplicable urge to consider dangerous or self‐destructive actions in certain situations. Previous studies have focused on the high place phenomenon (HPP), which is the sudden urge to jump from high places. One aim of this study is to replicate the previously found associations of HPP with suicidality and anxiety in a larger sample of patients suffering from flight phobia or agoraphobia. Furthermore, the influence of personality traits and protective factors, such as self‐efficacy and self‐esteem, will be examined to identify associations between the HPP and potential markers of both positive and negative mental health.

Methods

The study sample comprised 612 patients (76% female; Mage = 43.77, SDage = 12.82) suffering from clinically relevant fear of flying. Participants filled out questionnaires on experiences with the high place phenomenon, depression, personality traits, anxiety sensitivity, suicidal ideation, insecurity in social contact, flight phobia symptoms, positive mental health, self‐efficacy expectations, self‐esteem and satisfaction with life.

Results

Consistent with previous findings, the high place phenomenon was known to nearly 43% of the patient sample. Multiple regression analysis showed that openness to experiences, neuroticism, suicidal ideation and insecurity in social contacts were positively related to the high place phenomenon, whereas agreeableness, self‐efficacy and self‐esteem were negatively related.

Conclusion

The high place phenomenon is a common experience in individuals, whether or not they suffer from suicidal ideation. It is therefore cautioned not to interpret such experiences as an expression of a hidden death wish. Nevertheless, the occurrence of the HPP is influenced by the presence of negative and positive mental health markers. Future studies should examine the association between HPP and intrusions in the context of obsessive‐compulsive disorders.
Localized Janus Kinase Inhibition Modulation as Standalone or Synergistic Therapy With Narrowband UVB Photo Stimulation in Vitiligo Management: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kumar Vaibhav , Kapoor Rinky , Gulhane Avani , Shome Debraj , Pai Khot Atrey J. , Mhatre Pranjal , Bellani Depti
Published: January 2025

Background

Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune dermatosis characterized by progressive hypopigmentation, which affects ~0.2%–2% of the global population. This condition can have significant psychosocial impacts, particularly in individuals with darker skin phenotypes. Recent studies have suggested that Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, especially topical ruxolitinib, could offer therapeutic potential in managing vitiligo.

Objective

To systematically review the therapeutic efficacy, safety profile, and potential synergistic effects of topical JAK inhibitors, particularly ruxolitinib, in the treatment of vitiligo.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Data from 6 studies, encompassing 385 subjects, were synthesized. The primary outcome measure was the improvement in Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI), and the methodological quality was assessed using the MINORS scale.

Results

Topical ruxolitinib demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in VASI scores (pooled estimate = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.44–0.73; p ≤ 0.001). The synergistic effect of ruxolitinib combined with narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) phototherapy yielded a mean VASI score improvement of 37.6%. Furthermore, 30.4% of patients receiving 1.5% ruxolitinib cream achieved a 75% improvement in facial VASI (F‐VASI) scores.

Conclusion

Topical JAK inhibitors, including ruxolitinib, show considerable efficacy in improving VASI scores and facilitating repigmentation in vitiligo patients. The combination of JAK inhibitors with NB‐UVB therapy demonstrates enhanced therapeutic effects. These findings underscore the potential of JAK inhibitors as effective treatment modalities, although further research is needed to standardize treatment protocols and evaluate long‐term impacts on patient quality of life.
Time‐series ground surface deformation revealed by advanced land observing satellite‐2 and Sentinel‐1 along the Bei'an‐Hei'he highway in Northeast China
Authors: Yan Aoxiang , Guo Ying , Shan Wei , Zeng Xujing , Qiu Lisha , Zhang Chengcheng , Liu Shuai , Shan Monan , Ji Qingzhao
Published: January 2025

Climate warming, human activities and the subsequent warming and thawing of permafrost have led to ground surface instability, threatening infrastructures and indigenous northern communities. The northern Da and Xiao Xing'anling mountain ranges, home to the largest latitudinal permafrost region in China, highlight the importance of monitoring the thermal state of permafrost for understanding climate change and regional economic development. This study utilized 11 scenes of the Advanced Land Observing Satellite‐2 (ALOS‐2) data and 54 scenes of Sentinel‐1 data from March 2018 to December 2019 to evaluate the ground surface deformation of the Bei'an‐Hei'he Highway (BHH) in Northeast China. ALOS‐2 results showed deformation rates ranging from −30 to +35 mm/year, while Sentinel‐1, from −30 to +30 mm/year (negative values indicate subsidence and positive, frost heaving). The subsidence zone (deformation rate exceeding −15 mm/year) was found in areas with significant variations in permafrost temperature (greater than ±0.8°C), and deformation rates correlated positively to daily precipitation and air temperature. Thaw settlement was predominantly observed in areas at low elevations (140 to 425 m) and on gentle slope angles (2–6°), affecting both south‐ and north‐facing slopes. A comparison of data sources revealed that ALOS‐2 data were more sensitive to areas with high normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values, while Sentinel‐1 provided more detailed deformation data in regions with low NDVI. This study contributes valuable data and ongoing assessments for road surface stability in permafrost regions of Northeast China.
Mannitol Induces Mercury Tolerance in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Through Improved Growth, Photosynthetic Efficiency, and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Abdulveli Busra Arikan
Published: January 2025

Mercury (Hg) is a hazardous heavy metal that disrupts plant growth and metabolism, posing significant risks to agriculture and human health. The widespread use of Hg in industrial activities and agricultural chemicals has exacerbated Hg contamination in soil and water, resulting in severe phytotoxic effects on crops, including lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). This study explores the potential of mannitol, an osmolyte known for its protective properties, to mitigate Hg‐induced stress in lettuce. Lettuce plants were exposed to Hg stress (10 mg L−1) and treated with foliar applications of mannitol (15 mM) to assess its impact on growth, photosynthetic performance, and oxidative stress responses. Under Hg stress, lettuce exhibited a significant reduction in relative growth rate (RGR) by 31% and relative water content (RWC) by 20%. However, mannitol treatment enhanced RGR by 18% and improved RWC by 13% in Hg‐stressed plants. Nutrient analysis revealed that mannitol treatment restored K, Fe, Mn, and Zn levels, which were otherwise depleted by Hg exposure. Photosynthetic parameters were adversely affected by Hg, with a 62% reduction in carbon assimilation rate (A). Mannitol treatment partially recovered A by 55% and improved PSII photochemistry, including Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo. Mannitol also moderated oxidative stress indicators, evidenced by decreased H2O2 and lipid peroxidation levels, and enhanced the activities of key antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT). The results indicate that mannitol treatment significantly alleviates Hg‐induced phytotoxicity in lettuce by improving growth, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, and modulating oxidative stress responses. This study highlights the potential of mannitol as a viable strategy for mitigating Hg pollution effects, offering new insights into its application for improving crop resilience under heavy metal stress.
Montane Seasonal and Elevational Precipitation Gradients in the Southern Rockies of Alberta, Canada
Authors: Barnes Celeste , MacDonald Ryan J. , Hopkinson Chris
Published: January 2025

Modelling precipitation inputs in mountainous terrain is challenging for water resource managers given sparse monitoring sites and complex physical hydroclimatic processes. Government of Alberta weather station uncorrected and bias‐corrected precipitation datasets were used to examine elevational precipitation gradients (EPGs) and seasonality of EPGs for six South‐Saskatchewan River headwater sites (alpine, sub‐alpine, valley). January EPG from valley to alpine sites (730 m elevation difference) using uncorrected precipitation was 19 mm/100 m. Corrected EPG was approximately three times greater (61 mm/100 m). The valley received more precipitation than the alpine (inverse EPG) in late spring and summer. A seasonal signal was present whereby all sites demonstrated 50%–70% lower summertime precipitation relative to winter months, with the greatest seasonal variance at the alpine site. Winter watershed‐level spatialized precipitation volume was compared to modelled snow water equivalent (SWE) associated with two late‐winter airborne lidar surveys. Uncorrected volumes (2020: 64.0 × 106m3, 2021: 63.2 × 106m3) were slightly higher than modelled mean SWE (2020: 51.6 × 106m3, 2021: 44.2 × 106m3) whereas bias‐corrected (2020: 120.5 × 106m3, 2021: 119.7 × 106m3) almost doubled the estimate. Corrected precipitation is assumed closer to the true value. Cumulative sublimation, evaporation and snowmelt losses result in ground‐level snowpack yield that deviates from total atmospheric precipitation in an increasingly negative manner. The 2020/2021 simulations suggest wintertime atmospheric precipitation exceeds late‐winter snowpack accumulation by up to 57% and 63%, respectively. A loss of 16 × 106m3 (7%) watershed SWE from the alpine zone was partially attributed to redistribution downslope to the treeline‐ecotone. Physical snowpack losses from sublimation and melt, or modelling uncertainty due to precipitation correction and alpine snow‐density uncertainties can also contribute to observed discrepancies between in situ SWE and cumulative precipitation. Ignoring bias‐correction in headwater precipitation estimates can greatly impact headwater precipitation volume estimates and ignoring EPG seasonality is likely to result in under‐estimated winter and over‐estimated summer yields.
From hysterectomy to diagnosis: Histopathologic confirmation of genitourinary schistosomiasis in a patient after hysterectomy—A case report
Authors: Neves da Silva Margarida , Leal Mariana , Campos Marta , dos Santos Joana , Lira Morais Mariana , Pinelo Sueli , Brito Teresa , Novais Veiga Mariana
Published: January 2025

Synopsis

A 44‐year‐old Angolan woman was diagnosed with asymptomatic genitourinary schistosomiasis through histopathology after a hysterectomy, demonstrating the complexities of diagnosing this parasitic infection.
Intergenerational impacts of racial discrimination on child executive functioning problems
Authors: Barbee Nia R. , Dunlop Anne L. , Corwin Elizabeth , Brennan Patricia A.
Published: January 2025

The proposed study sought to investigate whether maternal experiences of racial discrimination and gendered racial stress are associated with offspring executive functioning. Total 266 Black mother–child pairs in the United States were assessed from pregnancy through child age of 4 years. We hypothesized that children whose mothers reported higher rates of perceived gendered racial stress during pregnancy and racial discrimination throughout their lifetime would have lower scores on executive functioning assessments. Furthermore, we hypothesized that low maternal education and income would act as risk moderators whereas social support would act as a protective moderator in the associations between maternal experiences of discrimination (EOD) and child executive functioning. Main effect findings support our hypothesis of an intergenerational association between maternal EOD and gendered racial stress and lower child executive functioning scores. Income was a significant moderator. As hypothesized, the association between mothers reports of lifetime discrimination and lower child executive functioning scores was stronger at lower levels of income. In contrast, however, the association between maternal prenatal reports of gendered racial stress and lower child executive functioning scores was stronger at higher levels of maternal education and income. Social support did not have a significant moderating effect on any of the association.
Rutin Attenuates Pirarubicin‐Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury by Knocking Down lncRNA Miat
Authors: Huang Peng , Yan Kaixu , Zhang Wenqing , Ji Jiahua , Wei Dexian , Zheng Wentao , Li Lu , Ren Liqun
Published: January 2025

Pirarubicin (THP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer, but its clinical use is limited by its cardiotoxicity. In our previous study, we found that rutin (RUT), the main active ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicine Sophora japonica, could attenuate THP‐induced cardiotoxicity. The aim of this study was to further investigate the potential role and mechanism of RUT in attenuating THP‐induced cardiotoxicity. We examined the expression of lncRNA Miat in mouse cardiomyocytes (HL‐1) under the intervention of THP/THP + RUT, respectively. Then we evaluated the protective effect of RUT on THP‐induced HL‐1 by CCK8, TUNEL, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay and Western Blot. The mediating role of lncRNA Miat was verified by transfection of overexpression lncRNA Miat plasmid. The results showed that RUT increased cell viability, inhibited apoptosis, reduced ROS accumulation and decreased calcium overload in THP‐induced HL‐1. While overexpression of Miat significantly abrogated the therapeutic effect of rutin. In conclusion, RUT attenuates THP‐induced myocardial injury by downregulating lncRNA Miat.
Relative Importance of Accounting Standards and National Regulatory Frameworks on Opportunistic Asset Sales Decisions
Authors: Campa Domenico , Donnelly Ray
Published: January 2025

We use a sample of UK‐listed firms reporting under IFRS and US listed firms reporting under US GAAP, and a second sample of UK firms cross‐listed in the US and reporting under IFRS matched with US domestic firms reporting under US GAAP, to explore differences in earnings management through asset sales between IFRS and US GAAP reporters. In the first sample, we find that both US and UK firms use asset sales to manage earnings upward at the benchmark of zero earnings, but only UK companies use asset sales to smooth income. Our second sample shows a consistent and similar use of asset sales for income smoothing purposes for companies reporting under IFRS and US GAAP that are subject to the same (US) regulatory environment. Our results suggest that the regulatory environment rather than accounting standards is pivotal in the decision to use asset sales to manage earnings.
Chronic Severe Neutropenia Associated With Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Multifocal Motor Neuropathy
Authors: Ugarte Shannon , Gebhard Talia , Cornblath David R. , Scherer Steven S. , Babushok Daria V.
Published: January 2025

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an immunomodulatory therapy derived from pooled donor immunoglobulins and used for treatment of various autoimmune conditions. Here we report the diagnosis and management of IVIG‐induced chronic severe neutropenia with absolute neutrophil count <0.5×103/µL in a patient with multifocal motor neuropathy. Serial blood count showed a cyclical pattern of neutropenia: worsening 24–48 h post‐IVIG, then gradually improving before the next infusion. IVIG‐induced neutropenia is rare, with previous reports of predominantly mild transient neutropenia. Our case describes chronic severe neutropenia that developed years after starting IVIG. We summarize available evidence and management strategies for IVIG‐associated neutropenia.
Synthesis of Terminal Alkenylindolines via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Direct CH Alkenylation With Alkenyl Borates
Authors: Wang Liang , He Xiaoyu , Luo Cheng , Li Pengjie , Mei Yina , Gong Cheng , Wang Yimeng , Zhang Jin
Published: January 2025

An efficient method for the synthesis of valuable terminal C7‐alkenylated indolines through the direct C–H alkenylation of N‐pyridinyl indolines in the presence of a rhodium catalyst has been developed. Alkenyl borates were first used as a useful alkenyl reagent for C–H functionalization of indolines. Under mild reaction conditions, a series of indolines with different functional groups were compatible in this transformation, affording the C7‐alkenylated product in good to excellent yields. Moreover, the C7‐alkenylated indoline can be conveniently converted to the pyrroloquinoline derivative, which is a popular tricyclic indoline skeleton in bioactive compounds, highlighting its potential application value.
Fullerene (C60 & C70)‐Meso‐Tris‐4‐Carboxyphenyl Porphyrin Dyads Inhibit Entry of Wild‐Type and Drug‐Resistant HIV‐1 Clades B and C
Authors: Sharma Debdulal , Rai Madhu , Singh Aradhana , Gaur Ritu , Sengupta Devashish
Published: January 2025

The biological applications of noncationic porphyrin‐fullerene (P‐F) dyads as anti‐HIV agents have been limited despite the established use of several cationic P‐F dyads as anti‐cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents. This article explores the potential of amphiphilic non‐cationic porphyrin‐fullerene dyads as HIV‐1 inhibitors under both PDT (light‐treated) and non‐PDT (dark) conditions. The amphiphilic P‐F dyads, PB3C60 and PB3C70, demonstrated enhanced efficacy in inhibiting the entry and production of HIV‐1 (subtypes B and C). Under light‐harvested conditions, the dyads exhibited potent inhibitory effects (EC50 for PB3C60 and PB3C70 < 10 nM) and also maintained significant inhibition under non‐PDT conditions (EC50 for PB3C60 = 1.43 μM and PB3C70 = 1.50 μM), while displaying notably reduced toxicity compared to their water‐soluble porphyrin precursor. The P‐F dyads exhibited substantial efficacy in neutralizing the T20‐resistant strain 9491, both at the entry and postentry phases, thereby addressing the challenge of drug resistance.
The Effect of HBV Therapy on Glycemic Control in HBV‐Infected Patients With Diabetes: A 90‐day Multicenter Study
Authors: Liu Qi , Huang Jie , Hu Jingyi , Ding Yujing , Wang Yue , Zhang Pan , Zhang Zhenlan , Liu Ying , Li Boqi , Xiao Biao , Cai Ting , Yue Tingting , Li Xia , Reza Pourkarim Mahmoud , De Clercq Erik , Zhou Zhiguang , Xiao Yang , Li Guangdi
Published: January 2025

Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of HBV infection; however, the effects of HBV infection and anti‐HBV therapy on the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) remain unclear.

From 2016 to 2023, we recruited a multicenter cohort of 355 HBV‐infected inpatients, including 136 with T1D, 140 with T2D, and 79 with LADA. The control group included 525 HBV‐uninfected inpatients, comparing 171 with T1D, 204 with T2D and 150 with LADA. We employed propensity‐score matching between cases and controls to minimize confounding effects. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was monitored at baseline and at months 1, 2, and 3.

At baseline, median HbA1c was significantly higher in HBV‐infected patients compared to their HBV‐uninfected controls: T1D (10.4% vs. 7.5%, p < 0.01), T2D (9.6% vs. 8.6%, p = 0.01), and LADA (9.4% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.03). Baseline HbA1c levels were significantly lower in HBV‐treated patients compared to those HBV‐untreated patients, regardless of whether they were on antidiabetic therapy (p < 0.05). A 90‐day follow‐up consistently indicated lower HbA1c levels at baseline, as well as at months 1, 2, and 3 among HBV‐treated patients with T1D, T2D, or LADA. Both univariate and multivariate analyses identified HBV therapy (OR = 0.44, p < 0.001) and antidiabetic treatment(OR = 0.51, p = 0.031) as protective factors for glycemic control in HBV‐infected patients with diabetes.

Poor glycemic control is found in HBV‐infected patients with diabetes, but the intervention of anti‐HBV therapy and antidiabetic treatment contributes to improved glycemic control in HBV‐infected patients with T1D, T2D, or LADA.
Exploring the Interplay Between Cervicovaginal Microbiome, HPV Infection, and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Taiwanese Women
Authors: Yang Chung‐Yao , Chang Ting‐Chang , Lee Yi‐Tzu , Shih Ting‐Ying , Li Chang‐Wei , Cheng Chao‐Min
Published: January 2025

This study examined the relationship between the vaginal microbiome, HPV infection, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in 173 women. Subjects were grouped by HPV status and cervical lesion severity, ranging from HPV‐negative to CIN Grade 2 or higher. Using VALENCIA classification, the study identified different community state types (CSTs) of vaginal microbiota, with CST IV subtypes (Staphylococcus dominated) showing high diversity and increased pathogenic bacteria. Results showed a higher microbial diversity in women with CIN compared to HPV‐negative women, with specific microbial profiles like Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus correlating with HPV infection severity. LEfSe and STAMP analyses revealed that particular bacterial species, such as Fannyhessea vaginae and Sneathia vaginalis, could serve as biomarkers for HPV and CIN status. Furthermore, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were associated with HPV genotypes α7 and α9, respectively. These findings highlight how the composition of vaginal microbiota may influence HPV persistence and CIN progression, emphasizing the need for further research into microbial dysbiosis as a potential target for cervical cancer prevention and management.
Metacaspases‐Like Proteases of Trichomonas vaginalis: In Silico Identification and Characterization
Authors: Torres‐Romero Julio César , Alvarez‐Sánchez María Elizbeth , Morales‐Reyna Marcos , Bellavista‐Caballero Andrea , Arreola Rodrigo , Alvarez‐Sánchez Leidi C. , Lara‐Riegos Julio
Published: January 2025

Metacaspases (MCA), are cysteine‐dependent proteases closely related to caspases. In protozoa, MCA plays an important role in programmed cell death (PCD). In Trichomonas vaginalis, a kind of PCD that resembles apoptosis has been described, but the activators of this mechanism have not been demonstrated. We performed a genome‐wide in silico analysis in the T. vaginalis database using consensus MCA domains. A total of 15 protein annotations for MCA‐like sequences were retrieved. Only 7/15 (TvMCA1‐6 and TvMCA9) of the sequences were annotated as putative MCA and exhibited a similar range of amino acid length in comparison to the consensus sequences used for the query. By in silico analysis, we found that they are thermostable, hydrophilic proteins with molecular weights ranging from 27 to 33 KDa and their theoretical isoelectric points are in a 5.08–8.57 range. The phylogenetic analysis showed the similarity of conserved motifs for the predicted TvMCA proteins. 3D structure prediction by homology modeling demonstrated that TvMCA proteins show a similar conformation to crystallized MCA proteins. Taken together, our results indicate that these trichomonad proteins have conserved sequences like MCA proteins and suggest that they may be responsible for proteolytic activity during a PCD‐like mechanism in this parasite.
Effect of initial bone morphology on alveolar bone remodeling following molar extraction: A retrospective study
Authors: Lin Ren‐Jie , Dai Anna , Huang Jia‐Ping , Wang Meng , He Wen‐Tao , Ding Pei‐Hui
Published: January 2025

Background

The clinical evidence about alveolar ridge changes following molar extraction and how the alveolar bone morphology influences the ridge dimensional changes remains limited.

Methods

A total of 192 patients with 199 molar extractions were included in this retrospective study. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of patients were obtained 0–3 months pre extraction and 6–12 months post extraction. Outcome variables included the change rate in ridge height and width. The effect of morphology on the outcomes was explored by single‐factor analysis, correlation analysis, and a multiple linear regression model.

Results

Significant resorption of alveolar bone occurred vertically and horizontally after molar extraction. Jaw, furcation involvement, number of roots, number of bone wall defects, extraction reasons, overall relative bone loss (RBL), bone height of the furcation region, thickness of the lingual/palatal wall, and height difference between buccal and lingual/palatal walls (|HB‐HL|) were significantly correlated with the change in the height of the central alveolar bone (HC). The number of bone wall defects, overall RBL, and |HB‐HL| were significantly correlated with horizontal width change. HC resorption was higher in sockets with |HB‐HL| > 2.5 mm and overall RBL > 50%.

Conclusions

The alveolar bone presented significant resorption after extraction. Anatomical characteristics affected the dimensions of the alveolar bone after molar extraction. When the initial overall RBL was severe or |HB‐HL| was larger, the loss of alveolar bone dimensions was even more.

Plain Language Summary

In recent years, it has been demonstrated that the local anatomical morphology of extraction sites may influence the process of alveolar bone remodeling. However, most studies have focused on the anterior teeth, with fewer investigations addressing molar extraction sites. Therefore, we aimed to describe ridge changes following molar extraction and investigate how alveolar bone morphology influences ridge dimensional changes. In this retrospective study, we included a total of 199 alveolar sockets from 192 patients with molar extractions and obtained the corresponding cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images 0–3 months pre extraction and 6–12 months post extraction. The results showed significant resorption of the alveolar bone following molar extraction. We found that anatomical characteristics significantly affect the dimensions of the alveolar bone after molar extraction. Specifically, the loss of alveolar bone dimensions was greater when the initial overall relative bone loss (RBL) was severe or when the difference between buccal and lingual/palatal walls was greater.
Rapid Identification of Plastic Beverage Bottles by Using Raman Spectroscopy Combined With Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Liu Xinlei , Wang Lei , Li Wei , Wan Jingwei
Published: January 2025

Rapid and accurate identification of plastic beverage bottles is of great importance because plastic beverage bottles can be encountered as physical evidence in cases involving assaults, thefts, and homicides. In this experiment, 40 commercially available plastic beverage bottles were collected as experimental samples, and their Raman spectral data were collected. Initially, the samples were classified into two categories of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene (PE), and the 35 PET samples were further clustered into three categories by K‐means clustering. Savitzky–Golay algorithm smoothing, standard normal variate, multiple scattering correction, and first‐order derivatives were utilized to improve the quality of the Raman spectra. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was constructed for the classification and identification, and four evaluation indexes, such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1‐score, were utilized to compare the model's performance under the four types of preprocessing. The results show that the spectral data preprocessing combining SG and MSC has higher accuracy than other preprocessing methods, and the CNN classification model has the best performance, with 100% correct classification rate in both the training set and the test set, respectively. In conclusion, the results show that convolutional neural networks, when used in combination with Raman spectroscopy, can quickly detect the type of plastic beverage bottle, which is crucial for solving crimes.