bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity and distribution of lacustrine diatoms along the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt
Authors: Diana Avendaño , Margarita Caballero , Gabriela Vázquez
Published: December 2022

The Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt is recognised as a highly biodiverse zone and we present a study of diatom diversity and species distributions in its lakes. We aimed to identify diatom taxa with the highest regional occupancy, explore diversity at a regional level, identify the main variables associated with species distributions, and present weighted average optima for variables that could provide a valuable reference for future palaeoenvironmental research.

We used the relative abundances of diatoms in surficial lake sediments to estimate different diversity metrics and alpha, beta and gamma diversities. Groups of lakes with similar diatom assemblages were identified by means of cluster analysis whereas canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to evaluate the association between diatom composition and climatic, morphometric, hydrochemical and trophic status related variables. Weighted average optima were estimated for salinity and temperature.

From a total of 184 diatom taxa, three were endemic to one or two lakes and eight had the largest regional occupancy, two of which were associated with high salinity environments (Stephanocyclus meneghinianus, Nitzschia frustulum) and the rest with freshwater conditions (Aulacoseira ambigua, A. granulata, A. granulata var. angustissima, Discostella stelligera, Fragilaria crotonensis, Achnanthidium minutissimum). Surprisingly, endemic taxa as well as those with high regional occupancy were mostly planktic or epipelic motile forms, with high dispersal potential. Our results showed 13 clusters of lakes with similar diatom assemblages, in close agreement with beta diversity which predicted the presence of 12 communities. There was high species turnover (βSIM = 0.97) and CCA showed not only that the main environmental variable defining these groups was salinity, but also that temperature, precipitation, depth, and soluble reactive phosphorus were meaningful variables. There was no evidence of an altitude–diversity pattern.

This study emphasises the strong influence that climatic variables have on species distribution when relatively broad geographical areas, with large climatic gradients are analysed.
Clinicopathological and molecular features of indolent natural killer‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Yi Hongmei , Li Anqi , Ouyang Binshen , Da Qian , Dong Lei , Liu Yingting , Xu Haimin , Zhang Xiaoyun , Zhang Wei , Jin Xiaofen , Gu Yijin , Wang Yan , Liu Zebing , Wang Chaofu
Published: December 2022

Aims

Indolent natural killer (NK) cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (iNKLPD) is a rare, recently recognised neoplasm. Most of the reported tumours are confined to the GI tract, while a small subset of the tumours harbour JAK3 mutations. We collected four cases of iNKLPD with the goal of adding additional information to the current knowledge of this disease regarding the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular features.

Methods and results

Similar features including medium‐ to large‐sized lymphoid cells with variable amounts of pale or slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, and no evidence of EBER, TCR rearrangement were found in four cases. JAK3 K563_C565del mutation was found in one of three cases that were subjected to targeted next‐generation sequencing. Unique findings of our study include one iNKLPD encountered for the first time in nasopharynx, where lesions could be inadvertently diagnosed as extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, and one iNKLPD located in the gallbladder extended deeply into muscular and adventitial layers. Exceptional CD8‐positive expression was observed in one iNKLPD. In addition, positive staining of phospho‐STAT5, phospho‐STAT3 and phospho‐p38 were found in our cases. None of the four patients received therapy for lymphoma, but all had a benign clinical outcome during a follow‐up time of 20–99 months.

Conclusions

We present four iNKLPDs with clinical, immunohistochemical and molecular features similar to the reported cases, as well as some unusual characters, which expand our knowledge on this disease, and further support the neoplastic nature of iNKLPDs.
The activated partial thromboplastin time‐clot waveform analysis in hemophilia: Does it help in differentiation?
Authors: Mannan Khalid Abdul , Kumar Narender , Ahluwalia Jasmina , Hans Chander , Kler Anita , Prakash Gaurav , Jain Richa
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The clot waveform analysis (CWA) provide valuable information beyond clotting time. The present study was planned to assess whether the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)‐CWA can differentiate between hemophilia A (HA), hemophilia B (HB), or hemophilia A with inhibitors (HAWI).

Methods

The aPTT‐CWA was generated by an optical detection system (ACL‐TOP™ 500 coagulation analyzer) and the other tests were performed as per instructions from the manufacturer in the kit.

Results

A total of 75 samples (47‐HA, 16‐HAWI, and 12‐HB) with prolonged aPTT were recruited. On analyzing the quantitative aPTT‐CWA data of HA (non‐inhibitors) and HB samples, the width of acceleration 1 [+] peak was the differentiating finding. Among the significant parameters, the second derivative [+] peak was lower in both mild and moderate HA, equating to HB. The time for the height of 1/2 fibrin formation and width of velocity was significantly higher in mild, moderate and severe HA. The study did not show any significant differentiating finding while comparing HAWI and hemophilia A non‐inhibitors (HANI). In the subgroups of HAWI and HANI with aPTT <70 s and 70–100 s, the second derivative [+] peak (2A) was higher and the time for the height of 1/2 fibrin formation (1C) was lesser in HAWI.

Conclusion

The aPTT‐CWA parameters may be supportive for the differentiation of hemophilia including its severity and the existence of inhibitors.
Knowledge of intensive care unit nurses about medical device‐related pressure injury and analysis of influencing factors
Authors: Fu Fang , Zhang Lanlan , Fang Jiexin , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Fangfang
Published: December 2022

To investigate ICU nurses' knowledge level with regard to device‐related pressure injuries in northern, central, and southern China and analyse its influencing factors. A total of 261 ICU nurses participated in this cross‐sectional survey A convenience sampling method was used to select ICU nurses as respondents from one hospital in each of the six cities of Taiyuan, Wuhan, Xianning, Guangzhou, Foshan, and Huizhou. Data were collected using the MDRPI Knowledge Questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed by the investigators based on a summary of evidence of MDRPI, which has been reviewed and validated by experts. The obtained data were analysed using SPSS software. The average rate of the correct response about MDRPI was 60.54% (15.74 ± 2.90). The lowest percentage of correct responses was on the “concept and staging” dimension rated 28% (0.56 ± 0.67). The “skin assessment” dimension rated 39.2% (1.57 ± 0.84). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the MDRPI knowledge of ICU nurses included hospital grade, the highest educational attainment, whether or not they had wound care certification, when they last attended MDRPI training or lectures, and whether or not they had attended MDRPI training or lectures. The level of knowledge of nurses about MDRPI was insufficient. Training of ICU nurses on MDRPI should be emphasised at the institutional level. MDRPI training contents should be based on clinical evidence and updated timely. There is a need to focus on the training of wound care certification and education.
Microstructure and property evolution of high‐entropy rare‐earth silicate T/EBCs during thermal aging
Authors: Fan Dong , Zhong Xin , Zhang Zhenzhong , Huang Liping , Niu Yaran , Wang Lujie , Li Qilian , Zheng Xuebin
Published: December 2022

With the increasing service temperature of aeroengines, the development of thermal/environmental barrier coatings (T/EBCs) has been considered to be a great challenge, which requires high‐temperature stability and excellent thermal and mechanical properties. In this work, high‐entropy design was adopted to change the crystal structure of rare‐earth monosilicates used for T/EBCs. The microstructure evolution, thermal and mechanical properties of the plasma‐sprayed (Lu0.25Yb0.25Er0.25Y0.25)2SiO5and (Lu0.2Yb0.2Er0.2Ho0.2Y0.2)2SiO5coatings before and after thermal aging at 1350°C for 50 h were investigated. Results showed that the as‐sprayed coatings exhibited dense structure with amorphous and decomposed phases. The change of microstructure like amorphous crystallized and defect healing occurred after thermal aging, which had obvious influence on thermomechanical properties. Compared with single‐component RE2SiO5(RE = Yb, Er, Y) coatings, the thermal‐aged high‐entropy coatings exhibited lower thermal conductivity, similar thermal expansion coefficient, and better toughness. The work will provide a foundation for the design and application of T/EBCs materials.
Enhancement of piezoelectric properties of BF–BT ceramics by using ZrO2 powder bed during the sintering process
Authors: Zhang Yi , Huang Rongxia , Zhang Fan , Liang Zhihao , Xie Tianbao , Lin Hua‐Tay , Dai Yejing
Published: December 2022

ZrO2 powders of various particle sizes (0.15, 0.7, 500 µm) were used to simulate loose powder bed sintering to prepare BF–BT piezoelectric ceramics. The phase structure, dielectric properties, ferroelectric properties, and piezoelectric properties were compared with the samples sintered by the conventional powder bed method (i.e., powder of the same composition as the sample). Results showed that the use of loose ZrO2 powder bed could improve the heat conduction rate and the sintering quality of bulk BF–BT piezoelectric ceramics. The XPS results showed that the samples sintered with 500 µm ZrO2 powder beds had the lowest concentration of Fe2+, exhibited the largest piezoelectric coefficients (d33 = 201 pC/N). In contrast, the sample sintered with a conventional powder bed under the same sintering conditions had a piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 156 pC/N.
Structure and properties of cerium phosphate and silicophosphate glasses
Authors: Xia Yang , Calahoo Courtney , Rodrigues Bruno Poletto , Griebenow Kristin , Graewe Lennart , Wondraczek Lothar
Published: December 2022

We report on the fabrication, properties, and structure of cerium pyrophosphate glasses and partially substituted cerium silicophosphates. In those glasses, cerium occurs predominantly as Ce(III). A combination of dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance and electrical impedance spectroscopy is used to overcome the problem of assessing cerium speciation. While optical spectroscopy is unable to quantify the ratio of Ce(III)/Ce(IV) due to spectral overlap, proxy observations of the effect of silica‐for‐cerium substitution on optical extinction and the shape and width of the UV band gap corroborate vibrational spectroscopic data of the structural roles of cerium and silica. While silica bonding to phosphate units appears to stabilize Ce(IV), it also impedes the polaron transport, leading to higher polaron activation energy and lower electronic conductivity. On the other hand, Ce(III) is stabilized by coordinating to P = O.
Metabolomic and transcriptomic studies of improvements in myocardial infarction due to Pycr1 deletion
Authors: Xue Zhimin , Pan Yiwen , Kong Xugang , Zhang Jiefang , Wu Danyu , Zhou Binquan
Published: December 2022

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major challenge to cardiovascular health worldwide, with poor healing leaving a direct impact on patients' quality of life and survival. Metabolic abnormalities after MI are receiving increasing attention. Our previous studies showed that enhancing proline catabolism ameliorates hypoxic damage to myocardial cells; therefore, we sought to determine whether reducing the synthesis of endogenous proline also affects MI. We analysed GEO datasets associated with MI and western blot of mouse heart tissue in an MI model to demonstrate pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate reductase 1 (Pycr1) expression level after MI. We constructed Pycr1 KO mice by CRISPR/Cas9 technology to explore the effect of Pycr1 gene KO after MI using transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques. In this study, we found reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of Pycr1 in the hearts of mice after MI. We observed that Pycr1 gene KO has a protective effect against MI, reducing the area of MI and improving heart function. Using transcriptomics approaches, we found 215 upregulated genes and 247 downregulated genes after KO of the Pycr1 gene, indicating that unsaturated fatty acid metabolism was affected at the transcriptional level. Metabolomics results revealed elevated content for 141 metabolites and decreased content for 90 metabolites, among which the levels of fatty acids, glycerol phospholipids, bile acids, and other metabolites increased significantly. The changes in these metabolites may be related to the protective effect of Pycr1 KO on the heart after MI. Pycr1 gene KO has a protective effect against MI and our research will lay a solid foundation for the development of future Pycr1‐related drug targets.
Association of cardiovascular health metrics with annual incidence of prediabetes or diabetes: Analysis of a nationwide real‐world database
Authors: Okada Akira , Kaneko Hidehiro , Matsuoka Satoshi , Itoh Hidetaka , Suzuki Yuta , Fujiu Katsuhito , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Satoko , Node Koichi , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei
Published: December 2022

Aims/Introduction

Little is known about the relationship between cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and the risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes. We examined the association of CVH metrics with the annual risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes.

Materials and Methods

We carried out this study including 403,857 participants aged 18–71 years with available data on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) data for five consecutive years and with normal FPG (<100 mg/dL) at the initial health checkup. We identified the following ideal CVH metrics: non‐smoking, body mass index of <25 kg/m2, maintaining physical activity, taking breakfast, untreated blood pressure of <120/80 mmHg and untreated total cholesterol of <200 mg/dL. We defined the primary end‐point as prediabetes (FPG 100–125 mg/dL) or diabetes (FPG ≥126 mg/dL or use of antihyperglycemic medications). We examined the relationship of CVH metrics with the annual incidence of prediabetes or diabetes. Additionally, we examined the association of 1‐year changes in CVH metrics with the risk for prediabetes or diabetes.

Results

The median age was 44 years, and 65.6% were men. An increasing number of non‐ideal CVH metrics was associated with an elevated risk of prediabetes or diabetes. A non‐ideal body mass index was most strongly associated with the risk of prediabetes or diabetes. The risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes rose as the number of non‐ideal CVH metrics increased over 1 year.

Conclusions

CVH metrics could stratify the risk of the annual development of prediabetes or diabetes. The risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes might be reduced by improving CVH metrics.
Can markers of disease severity improve the predictive power of claims‐based multimorbidity indices?
Authors: Rizzo Anael , Jing Bocheng , Boscardin W. John , Shah Sachin J. , Steinman Michael A.
Published: December 2022

Background

Claims‐based measures of multimorbidity, which evaluate the presence of a defined list of diseases, are limited in their ability to predict future outcomes. We evaluated whether claims‐based markers of disease severity could improve assessments of multimorbid burden.

Methods

We developed 7 dichotomous markers of disease severity which could be applied to a range of diseases using claims data. These markers were based on the number of disease‐associated outpatient visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations made by an individual over a defined interval; whether an individual with a given disease had outpatient visits to a specialist who typically treats that disease; and ICD‐9 codes which connote more versus less advanced or symptomatic manifestations of a disease. Using Medicare claims linked with Health and Retirement Study data, we tested whether including these markers improved ability to predict ADL decline, IADL decline, hospitalization, and death compared to equivalent models which only included the presence or absence of diseases.

Results

Of 5012 subjects, median age was 76 years and 58% were female. For a majority of diseases tested individually, adding each of the 7 severity markers yielded minimal increase in c‐statistic (≤0.002) for outcomes of ADL decline and mortality compared to models considering only the presence versus absence of disease. Gains in predictive power were more substantial for a small number of individual diseases. Inclusion of the most promising marker in multi‐disease multimorbidity indices yielded minimal gains in c‐statistics (<0.001–0.007) for predicting ADL decline, IADL decline, hospitalization, and death compared to indices without these markers.

Conclusions

Claims‐based markers of disease severity did not contribute meaningfully to the ability of multimorbidity indices to predict ADL decline, mortality, and other important outcomes.
Details matter in quality science. Adopting a checklist for magnetic resonance spectroscopy can help you get them right
Authors: Rae Caroline D. , Williams Stephen R.
Published: December 2022

The ISMRM study group on magnetic resonance spectroscopy has produced recommendations for reporting methods. The Journal of Neurochemistry has decided to encourage the use of the checklist for these standards by authors and reviewers in order to improve reproducibility and reliability of the science, make it easier for reviewers and to help educate the scientific community. Here, we explain why getting the details right is important.

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A cautionary tale: Alien prolactins may induce lesser, no, or opposite effects to homologous hormone!
Authors: Barbee Sadie , Radecki Kelly C. , Lorenson Mary Y. , Walker Ameae M.
Published: December 2022

Cost and availability have often dictated the use of heterologous/alien prolactins in experiments, particularly in vivo. The assumption has been that what is initiated in the target cell is representative of the homologous hormone since many heterologous mammalian prolactins bind to and activate rodent receptors. Here, we examined gene expression in mouse liver in response to a 7‐day treatment with recombinant mouse prolactin (mRecPRL), recombinant ovine prolactin (oRecPRL) and pituitary extract ovine prolactin (oPitPRL). Having established mouse ribosomal protein S9 as the most stable reference gene in the liver in the absence and presence of prolactin treatment, we examined expression of the two most highly expressed prolactin receptors (PRLRs) and three members of the Cyp3a group of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes by qRTPCR. For short form (SF) 3 PRLR, mRecPRL doubled expression while for oRecPRL and oPitPRL expression was only 1.3‐fold control. For the long form (LF) PRLR, changes were similar to those seen for SF 3 PRLR, such that the SF3:LF PRLR ratio remained the same. Expression of the Cyp3as was also dependent on the prolactin origin and, although mRecPRL always stimulated, the other PRLs caused varying results. Compared to control, Cyp3a16 was stimulated 12‐fold by mRecPRL, 3‐fold by oRecPRL, and 6‐fold by oPitPRL. For Cyp3a41, mRecPRL was 3.7‐fold control, oRecPRL was without effect, and oPitPRL was 2‐fold control. Importantly, for Cyp3a44, mRecPRL stimulated 2‐fold, whereas both oRecPRL and oPitPRL had an opposite, inhibitory effect, with expression at 0.5‐fold control. We conclude that homologous hormone had the largest stimulatory effect on expression of all measured genes and that by contrast heterologous hormone showed reduced activity, no activity, or opposite activity, depending on the gene being analyzed. Thus, experimentation using alien heterologous PRL may lead to inaccurate conclusions.
The effect of macro‐control and organizational support perception on nurses and physicians intention to quit during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Çetin Aslan Emine , Türkmen İbrahim , Top Mehmet
Published: December 2022

Aim

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of organizational support and COVID‐19 macro‐control perception levels on intention to quit in physicians and nurses.

Background

During the pandemic process, healthcare workers faced great health risks and workloads. Many health workers are considering quitting their job.

Method

A cross‐sectional and explanatory research. The sample of the study consisted of 300 nurses and 73 physicians. To collect data, COVID‐19 perception of macro‐control, perceived organizational support, and intention to quit scales were used. Structural equation modeling was used.

Results

COVID‐19 macro‐control perception and perceived organizational support have a negative effect on the intention to quit. The perceived organizational support has a partial mediating role, on the COVID‐19 macro‐control perception and the intention to quit.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that the macro measures taken against the pandemic and the organizational support received by the nurses and physicians, who are the main actors in the fight against the epidemic, negatively affected their intention to leave.

Implications for nursing practice and clinical relevance

To reduce the intention to quit health workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic, scientific‐based macro‐control measures should be taken, and organizational support should be provided.
Determining the role and responsibilities of the community epilepsy nurse in the management of epilepsy
Authors: Hutchinson Karen , Ryder Tayhla , Coleman Honor , Nullwala Ruqaiya , Herkes Geoffrey , Bleasel Andrew , Nikpour Armin , Wong Chong , Todd Lisa , Ireland Carol , Shears Graeme , Bartley Melissa , Groot Wendy , Kerr Michael , Vagholkar Sanjyot , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Rapport Frances
Published: December 2022

Aims and Objectives

The aim of this study is to enhance the understanding of the core elements and influencing factors on the community‐based epilepsy nurse's role and responsibilities.

Background

Internationally, epilepsy nurse specialists play a key role in providing person‐centred care and management of epilepsy but there is a gap in understanding of their role in the community.

Design

A national three‐stage, mixed‐method study was conducted.

Methods

One‐on‐one, in‐depth semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted online with 12 community‐based epilepsy nurses (Stage 1); retrospective analysis of data collected from the National Epilepsy Line, a nurse‐led community helpline (Stage 2); and focus group conducted with four epilepsy nurses, to delve further into emerging findings (Stage 3). A thematic analysis was conducted in Stages 1 and 3, and a descriptive statistical analysis of Stage 2 data. Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative studies checklist was followed for reporting.

Results

Three key themes emerged: (1) The epilepsy nurse career trajectory highlighted a lack of standardised qualifications, competencies, and career opportunities. (2) The key components of the epilepsy nurse role explored role diversity, responsibilities, and models of practice in the management of living with epilepsy, and experiences navigating complex fragmented systems and practices. (3) Shifting work practices detailed the adapting work practices, impacted by changing service demands, including COVID‐19 pandemic experiences, role boundaries, funding, and resource availability.

Conclusion

Community epilepsy nurses play a pivotal role in providing holistic, person‐centred epilepsy management They contribute to identifying and addressing service gaps through innovating and implementing change in service design and delivery.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Epilepsy nurses' person‐centred approach to epilepsy management is influenced by the limited investment in epilepsy‐specific integrated care initiatives, and their perceived value is impacted by the lack of national standardisation of their role and scope of practice.

No Patient or Public Contribution

Only epilepsy nurses' perspectives were sought.
Beliefs Aggregation and Return Predictability
Authors: KYLE ALBERT S. , OBIZHAEVA ANNA A. , WANG YAJUN
Published: December 2022

We study return predictability using a model of speculative trading among competitive traders who agree to disagree about the precision of private information. Although traders apply Bayes' Law consistently, returns are predictable. In addition to trading on long‐term fundamental value, traders also trade on perceived short‐term opportunities arising from foreseen future disagreement, as in a Keynesian beauty contest. Contradicting conventional wisdom, this short‐term speculation dampens price fluctuations and generates time‐series momentum. Model calibration shows quantitatively realistic patterns of return dynamics. Consistent with empirical evidence, our model predicts more pronounced momentum for stocks with higher trading volume.
Bayesian Solutions for the Factor Zoo: We Just Ran Two Quadrillion Models
Authors: BRYZGALOVA SVETLANA , HUANG JIANTAO , JULLIARD CHRISTIAN
Published: December 2022

We propose a novel framework for analyzing linear asset pricing models: simple, robust, and applicable to high‐dimensional problems. For a (potentially misspecified) stand‐alone model, it provides reliable price of risk estimates for both tradable and nontradable factors, and detects those weakly identified. For competing factors and (possibly nonnested) models, the method automatically selects the best specification—if a dominant one exists—or provides a Bayesian model averaging–stochastic discount factor (BMA‐SDF), if there is no clear winner. We analyze 2.25 quadrillion models generated by a large set of factors and find that the BMA‐SDF outperforms existing models in‐ and out‐of‐sample.
Parents' work arrangements and gendered time use during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lyttelton Thomas , Zang Emma , Musick Kelly
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study uses time diaries to examine how parents' work arrangements shaped their time use at home and work during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Background

The pandemic transformed home and work life for parents, disrupting employment and childcare. The shift to work from home offered more flexibility to manage increased care burdens, but the lack of separation between work and family also likely contributed to more challenging work environments, especially among mothers.

Method

This study relies on the 2017–2020 American Time Use Survey and matching to estimate changes in time use among parents working from home and on site in the pandemic relative to comparable parents prior to the pandemic.

Results

Data showed no overall increases in primary childcare time among working parents. Parents working from home during the pandemic, however, spent more time in the presence of children and supervising children, much in combination with paid work. Mothers working from home increased their supervisory parenting while working for pay more than fathers, and they more often changed their paid work schedules. The study's main findings were robust to gendered unemployment and labor force exits.

Conclusion

Parents, especially mothers, working from home responded to childcare demands through multitasking and schedule changes with potential negative effects on work quality and stress. Parents working on site during the pandemic experienced smaller changes in time use.

Implications

The pandemic has generated new inequalities between those with and without the flexibility to work from home, and exacerbated gender inequalities among those working from home.
Paradox, Dialectics or Trade‐Offs? A Double Loop Model of Paradox
Authors: Berti Marco , Cunha Miguel Pina e
Published: December 2022

Paradox literature is emerging as one of the most vital streams in management studies, but it is affected by some growing pains. First, the concept of paradox is still too fuzzy, which impacts empirical research and hinders communication with other literatures. Second, the assumption that paradoxes are always best met with acceptance and search for balance is problematic because it limits the heuristic potential of a paradox lens, because it constrains the range of sustainable responses to contradictions, and because it may induce to appeasement in face of injustice. In this paper we propose to strengthen paradox theory by incorporating the contributions of two alternative perspectives on organizational tensions: trade‐offs and dialectics. We thus present a model which expands organizational paradox theory by: (1) clarifying the concept of organizational paradox; and (2) offering a model that better describes the varied phenomenology, causes and consequences of organizational tensions and paradoxes.
Identity Conflict Amidst Environmental Change: An Ethnography of a Korean Buddhist Temple
Authors: Song Hee‐Chan
Published: December 2022

Drawing on a Buddhist context, this study examines how societal‐level environmental changes trigger internal identity conflict within a temple between its traditional identity as a silent meditative space for monks and its emerging identity as an open cultural space for people. It investigates the long‐term adaptive process through which the conflict has been recognized and managed amid the environmental changes. The findings reveal that the identity conflict gradually led to the formation of two subgroups of monks: a sacred meditator group and a cultural service provider group. While this separation created mild tension between the subgroups, it paradoxically enabled the temple to simultaneously seek two opposing goals: spiritual meditation practice and cultural service. Consequently, the temple continues to pursue the traditional way of monastic life, while responding to the changing societal demands on religion. These findings extend our understanding of how organizational identity conflict is recognized, interpreted, and managed in response to environmental changes. In particular, they elucidate the link between identity and institutional processes by showing how organizational members, not necessarily through the leaders' agentic actions, spontaneously and organically cope with identity conflict triggered by external changes.
Theorizing the Grey Area between Legitimacy and Illegitimacy
Authors: Siraz Sonia S. , Claes Björn , De Castro Julio O. , Vaara Eero
Published: December 2022

Despite a proliferation of research on legitimacy, the ‘grey area’ that lies between legitimacy and illegitimacy remains undertheorized. Responding to calls for further research, we clarify the construct of legitimacy and extend legitimacy theory by providing a conceptual framework for analyzing the legitimacy‐illegitimacy continuum. First, we propose three novel legitimacy states between legitimacy and illegitimacy – conditional legitimacy, unknown legitimacy, and conditional illegitimacy – and elaborate on the distinct qualitative characteristics of the five legitimacy states. Second, we offer a model of the dynamics of legitimacy state change and the (in)stability of the issue‐specific reference framework that is used to judge them. Third, we explain how our legitimacy states bridge the research streams on legitimacy judgment formation and legitimation strategies. By doing so, we integrate these research streams and enumerate discursive strategies for each state. Our article contributes to a more robust understanding of both how legitimacy states can be conceptualized and analyzed in future research and how they can be dealt with in managerial practice.
Short‐term neurochemical effects of transcutaneous trigeminal nerve stimulation using 7T magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Ritland Bradley M. , Neumeier William H. , Jiang Sam H. , Smith Carl D. , Heaton Kristin J. , Hildebrandt Audrey M. , Jabbar Muhammad A. , Liao Hui Jun , Coello Eduardo , Zhao Wufan , Bay Camden P. , Lin Alexander P.
Published: December 2022

Background and Purpose

The purpose was to explore the effects of transcutaneous trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) on neurochemical concentrations (brainstem, anterior cingulate cortex [ACC], dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC], ventromedial prefrontal cortex [VMPFC], and the posterior cingulate cortex [PCC]) using ultrahigh‐field magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Methods

This double‐blinded study tested 32 healthy males (age: 25.4 ± 7.3 years) on two separate occasions where participants received either a 20‐minute TNS or sham session. Participants were scanned at baseline and twice post‐TNS/sham administration.

Results

There were no group differences in concentration changes of glutamate, gamma‐aminobutyric acid, glutamine, myoinositol (mI), total N‐acetylaspartate, total creatine (tCr), and total choline between the baseline scan and the first post‐TNS/sham scan and between the first and second post‐TNS/sham scan in the brainstem, ACC, DLPFC, VMPFC, and PCC. Between the baseline scan and the second post‐TNS/sham scan, changes in tCr (mean difference = 0.280 mM [0.075 to 0.485], p = .026) and mI (mean difference = 0.662 mM [0.203 to 1.122], p = .026) in the DLPFC differed between groups. Post hoc analyses indicated that there was a decrease in tCr (mean change = –0.201 mM [–0.335 to –0.067], p = .003) and no change in mI (mean change = –0.327 mM [–0.737 to 0.083], p = .118) in the TNS group; conversely, there was no change in tCr (mean change = –0.100 mM [–0.074 to 0.274], p = .259) and an increase in mI (mean change = 0.347 mM [0.106 to 0.588], p = .005) in the sham group.

Conclusion

These data demonstrate that a single session of unilateral TNS slightly decreased tCr concentrations in the DLPFC region.
The effects of socioeconomic status on personality development in adulthood and aging
Authors: Luo Jing , Zhang Bo , Antonoplis Stephen , Mroczek Daniel K.
Published: December 2022

Intro

The current study examined the effects of adulthood socioeconomic status (SES) on levels of and changes in the Big Five personality traits domains and nuances in adulthood and during aging. We also tested whether the relations between adulthood SES and personality traits differed by childhood SES and age.

Methods

Data were drawn from three longitudinal studies: the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA, N = 2000), the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS, N = 6428), and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, N = 23,238).

Results

Using the latent growth models, across samples, we found associations between high SES and low levels of neuroticism and high levels of extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness. The effects of SES on changes in personality traits were mainly observed in the aging sample of HRS. In general, a similar pattern was observed at the nuance level. Analyses of the moderating effects of age suggested some evidence for the increasingly important role of SES in levels of and changes in personality traits in older ages.

Conclusion

The findings support SES as a source that partially accounts for individual differences in personality traits level. Some evidence was found for the relations between SES and changes in personality traits in old age.
Cladosporium species causing leaf spot on silage maize based on multi‐locus phylogeny in China
Authors: Qi Hexing , Lu Guangxin , Li Zongren , Xu Chengti , Tian Feng , He Chenbang , Ma Guihua , Ma Weili , Ma Haixia
Published: December 2022

Qinghai Province is one of China's five major pastoral areas located in the northeastern part of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, and animal husbandry plays a great part in the local economy. One of the most important crops in Qinghai Province is maize for silage, which sustains ecological animal husbandry. However, the leaf spot disease of maize has seriously impeded the healthy development of the maize industry. We found that from 2019 to 2020 leaf spot of silage maize caused by Cladosporium was a common disease in Qinghai Province. This leaf spot disease formed water‐soaked round or irregular spots at the early stage and gradually expanded to black at the later stage, and the incidence of the leaf spot in the fields reached 15%–45%. In this study, 125 isolates were isolated from seven locations in Qinghai Province, with 123 isolated from leaves and two isolated from bracts of maize for silage. Their phylogeny, morphology, and pathogenicity were analysed to identify pathogens and investigate the differences among them. Based on phylogenetic analysis of multi‐locus (ITS, actin, and translation elongation factor (1‐α)) sequences and morphology characteristics, the 125 isolates were identified to belong to eight species of Cladosporium: C. allicinum, C. cladosporioides, C. xylophilum, C. herbarum, C. macrocarpum, C. asperulatum, C. subinflatum, and C. floccosum. Pathogenicity tests by artificial inoculation demonstrated that 125 isolates were pathogenic on eight maize cultivars for silage, and pathogenicity differentiation was not observed. Taken together, our results demonstrated that these eight species of Cladosporium caused leaf spot disease of maize in Qinghai Province. This is the first analysis report on Cladosporium species from maize in China, and our findings provide a theoretical foundation for the management of this disease in the future.
Lipase‐a single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs143793106 is associated with increased risk of aggressive periodontitis by negative influence on the cytodifferentiation of human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Matsumoto Masahiro , Fujihara Chiharu , Nantakeeratipat Teerachate , Kitagaki Jirouta , Yamamoto Yu , Yamada Satoru , Kitamura Masahiro , Murakami Shinya
Published: December 2022

Background and Objective

Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is characterized by general health and rapid destruction of periodontal tissue. The familial aggregation of this disease highlights the involvement of genetic factors in its pathogeny. We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify AgP‐related genes in a Japanese population, and the lipid metabolism‐related gene, lipase‐a, lysosomal acid type (LIPA), was suggested as an AgP candidate gene. However, there is no report about the expression and function(s) of LIPA in periodontal tissue. Hence, we studied the involvement of how LIPA and its single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs143793106 in AgP by functional analyses of LIPA and its SNP in human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells.

Materials and Methods

GWAS was performed using the genome database of Japanese AgP patients, and the GWAS result was confirmed using Sanger sequencing. We examined the mRNA expression level of LIPA and the protein expression level of the encoded protein lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) in periodontium‐composing cells using conventional and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Lentiviral vectors expressing LIPA wild‐type (LIPA WT) and LIPA SNP rs143793106 (LIPA mut) were transfected into HPDL cells. Western blotting was performed to confirm the transfection. LAL activity of transfected HPDL cells was determined using the lysosomal acid lipase activity assay. Transfected HPDL cells were cultured in mineralization medium. During the cytodifferentiation of transfected HPDL cells, mRNA expression of calcification‐related genes, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity and calcified nodule formation were assessed using real‐time PCR, ALPase assay, and alizarin red staining, respectively.

Results

The GWAS study identified 11 AgP‐related candidate genes, including LIPA SNP rs143793106. The minor allele frequency of LIPA SNP rs143793106 in AgP patients was higher than that in healthy subjects. LIPA mRNA and LAL protein were expressed in HPDL cells; furthermore, they upregulated the cytodifferentiation of HPDL cells. LAL activity was lower in LIPA SNP‐transfected HPDL cells during cytodifferentiation than that in LIPA WT‐transfected HPDL cells. In addition, ALPase activity, calcified nodule formation, and calcification‐related gene expression levels were lower during cytodifferentiation in LIPA SNP‐transfected HPDL cells than those in LIPA WT‐transfected HPDL cells.

Conclusion

LIPA, identified as an AgP‐related gene in a Japanese population, is expressed in HPDL cells and is involved in regulating cytodifferentiation of HPDL cells. LIPA SNP rs143793106 suppressed cytodifferentiation of HPDL cells by decreasing LAL activity, thereby contributing to the development of AgP.
Effects of a single subcutaneous dose of enoxaparin on veterinary viscoelastic coagulation monitor variables in healthy cats: Double blind, placebo controlled cross‐over trial
Authors: Yozova Ivayla D. , Kent Michael S. , Jandrey Karl E.
Published: December 2022

Background

Cats placed on anticoagulant medication require frequent monitoring. The veterinary viscoelastic coagulation monitor (VCM‐Vet) could provide a convenient and cost‐effective monitoring, enabling therapeutic decision making.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Enoxaparin will lead to changes in VCM‐Vet variables and these will correlate with antiXa activity.

Animals

Twenty‐one healthy cats.

Methods

Cats were randomized to receive either enoxaparin (1 mg/kg) subcutaneously or 0.9% NaCl (equal volume) and crossed over with a 7‐day washout period. The investigators were blinded to group allocation until data analysis. Jugular blood samples were drawn at time 0, and 2, 4, and 8 hours after injection for VCM‐Vet analysis within 2 min of collection. Citrated plasma was frozen at −80°C for antiXa activity analysis. A Generalized Linear Model was completed to assess changes between baseline measurements and all time points.

Results

Significant differences between the enoxaparin‐treated cats and controls at for T0h and T2h were found and presented as mean ± SD for clotting time (enoxaparin, 593.4 ± 78.0 s; control, 448.5 ± 50.3 s, P < .001), clot formation time (enoxaparin, 183.1 ± 41.7 s; control, 155.4 ± 28.0 s, P = .001), and alpha angle (enoxaparin, 52.4 ± 6.1°; control, 56.9 ± 3.7 s, P = .003). AntiXa activity was significantly different between T0 and all other timepoints for the enoxaparin group (P < .001). There was no correlation between changes in clotting time and antiXa activity.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The VCM‐Vet detects a difference at 2 hours after single‐dose enoxaparin administration and it can be useful for anticoagulant therapy monitoring in cats.
Aggression and burnout in nurses during COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Molero Jurado María del Mar , Gázquez Linares José Jesús , Pérez‐Fuentes María del Carmen , Martos Martínez África
Published: December 2022

Workplace violence against nurses, an ever‐present problem in the healthcare workplace, has been increasing with COVID‐19 and affects occupational health. This study analyzed the consequences of COVID‐19 on violence against nurses, identifying its association with burnout, emphasizing the importance of work‐related variables. A total of 1013 actively employed nurses in Spain with a mean age of 34.71 years filled out a computer‐assisted web interviewing survey. Aggression as a consequence of their work was reported by 73.44% of the nurses. Those most affected were in primary care, and verbal aggression by patients and their families was the most frequent. Nurses who were attacked scored significantly higher in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Furthermore, 83.22% said that COVID‐19 was an important factor in the increase in violence toward healthcare workers. Analysis showed that a perceived secure environment was a mediator between the belief that COVID‐19 was an influential factor in the increase of violence and the depersonalization dimension of burnout. Increasing perceived security in the work environment among nurses can be effective in promoting well‐being, work performance, and commitment to the profession.
MUS81 is required for atypical recombination intermediate resolution but not crossover designation in rice
Authors: Mu Na , Li Yafei , Li Sanhe , Shi Wenqing , Shen Yi , Yang Han , Zhang Fanfan , Tang Ding , Du Guijie , You Aiqing , Cheng Zhukuan
Published: December 2022

The endonuclease methyl methanesulfonate and UV‐sensitive protein 81 (MUS81) has been reported to participate in DNA repair during mitosis and meiosis. However, the exact meiotic function of MUS81 in rice remains unclear.

Here, we use a combination of physiological, cytological, and genetic approaches to provide evidence that MUS81 functions in atypical recombination intermediate resolution rather than crossover designation in rice.

Cytological and genetic analysis revealed that the total chiasma numbers in mus81 mutants were indistinguishable from wild‐type. The numbers of HEI10 foci (the sites of interference‐sensitive crossovers) in mus81 were also similar to that of wild‐type. Moreover, disruption of MUS81 in msh5 or msh4 msh5 background did not further decrease chiasmata frequency, suggesting that rice MUS81 did not function in crossover designation. Mutation of FANCM and ZEP1 could enhance recombination frequency. Unexpectedly, chromosome fragments and bridges were frequently observed in mus81 zep1 and mus81 fancm, illustrating that MUS81 may resolve atypical recombination intermediates.

Taken together, our data suggest that MUS81 contributes little to crossover designation but plays a crucial role in the resolution of atypical meiotic intermediates by working together with other anti‐crossover factors.
Direct balancing of lipid mobilization and reactive oxygen species production by the epoxidation of fatty acid catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 protein during seed germination
Authors: Xiang Fuyou , Liu Wen‐Cheng , Liu Xin , Song Yuwei , Zhang Yu , Zhu Xiaojing , Wang Pengtao , Guo Siyi , Song Chun‐Peng
Published: December 2022

Fatty acid (FA) β‐oxidation provides energy for oil seed germination but also produces massive byproduct reactive oxygen species (ROS), posing potential oxidative damage to plant cells. How plants overcome the contradiction between energy supply and ROS production during seed germination remains unclear.

In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis mvs1 (methylviologen‐sensitive) mutant that was hypersensitive to ROS and caused by a missense mutation (G1349 substituted as A) of a cytochrome P450 gene, CYP77A4.

CYP77A4 was highly expressed in germinating seedling cotyledons, and its protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. As CYP77A4 catalyzes the epoxidation of unsaturated FA, disruption of CYP77A4 resulted in increased unsaturated FA abundance and over accumulated ROS in the mvs1 mutant. Consistently, scavenging excess ROS or blocking FA β‐oxidation could repress the ROS overaccumulation and hypersensitivity in the mvs1 mutant. Furthermore, H2O2 transcriptionally upregulated CYP77A4 expression and post‐translationally modified CYP77A4 by sulfenylating its Cysteine‐456, which is necessary for CYP77A4's role in modulating FA abundance and ROS production.

Together, our study illustrates that CYP77A4 mediates direct balancing of lipid mobilization and ROS production by the epoxidation of FA during seed germination.