bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Новые подходы к исследованию феномена глобализации в зарубежной науке
Authors: Ильин Илья , Леонова Ольга
Published: October 2023

The authors, based on a review of the latest foreign scientific literature on the problems of globalization, consider the emerging trends in its research. Some new views on understanding globalization and highlighting its essential characteristics are shown. Among the most significant features of globalization, Western researchers emphasize its dynamic nature, depending on a combination of social, economic and political factors. In general, the works of Western scientists and specialists on globalization have implemented an objective, comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of this phenomenon. However, the economic-centric view still dominates, when the essence of globalization and global processes is reduced mainly to its economic aspect. New topics in research such as global risks, the role of information technology in global processes, possible consequences of globalization are considered mainly in the economic context in connection with the process of development of the global economy. The analysis of these works allowed us to state the growing diversity of methodological approaches used by Western scientists to the study of globalization. Among them are transdisciplinarity, consideration of its multidimensionality, multi-aspect character of globalization, the relationship of globalism with geopolitics and geo-economics. The most productive is the use of civilizational, anthropological, institutional, constructivist and evolutionary approaches.
Revealing of promising ways of converting electrical energy parameters
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University 400005, Russia, Volgograd, V.I. Lenina pr., 28, Avdzeiko V.I. , Karnyshev V.I. ,   Volgograd State Technical University 400005, Russia, Volgograd, V.I. Lenina pr., 28, Drozdova A.A. ,   Volgograd State Technical University 400005, Russia, Volgograd, V.I. Lenina pr., 28, Rulevskiy V.M. ,   Volgograd State Technical University 400005, Russia, Volgograd, V.I. Lenina pr., 28
Published: October 2023

This paper performs an analysis of the electric power conversion methods, and also examines the development trends of DC-to-DC, AC-to-AC, AC-to-DC and DC-to-AC power converters with the use of the International Patent Classification (2023). A comparison has been made of such different kinds of converters as power converters with intermediate conversion and without intermediate conversion into AC or DC, converters using devices of a transistor and thyristor type, and specific circuit implements corresponding to the IPC classification. Perspective directions of such converters’ development have been revealed. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the US patents databases which were formed by the authors for the IPC groups H02M3, H02M5, H02M7 within 2012 to 2023. The perspective directions were revealed by constructing time series of the US patents for the analyzed power converters and their further comparison by the issued patents number and growth patterns. As a result of research, the advantage of transistor converters circuits has been proved, the perspective development directions of the electric power parameters conversion methods as well as their implementation have been described. There was found a decrease of the issued US invention patents in the considered IPC groups by 40% within 2019 to 2022.
Resistance of spring bread wheat cultivars and lines to Septoria leaf blotch, tan spot, and spot blotch pathogens
Authors: Zeleneva Yu. V. , Sudnikovа V. P. , Kovalenkо N. M. , Gusev I. V.
Published: October 2023

Background. Leaf and stem diseases of cereal crops are among the most harmful in the agrocenoses of Tambov Province, significantly reducing grain yield and rapidly progressing in many regions of Russia. The aim of the study was to identify spring bread wheat lines and cultivars developed at the Middle-Russian Branch of the I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center that show resistance to leaf and stem diseases.

Materials and methods. The target material was represented by 3 cultivars and 23 breeding lines of spring bread wheat. Disease resistance in seedlings was assessed in the laboratory, while for adult plants the process was carried out in the field in 2020–2022. The presence of the Tsn1 allele controlling susceptibility to the PtrToxA fungal toxin was detected using the Xfcp623 molecular marker.

Results and conclusions. Accessions with high levels of resistance to Zymoseptoria tritici were identified: L-8252, L-82/60, L-8107, L-8078(23), L-43-9, L-43-1, L-4, Stb-8/15, Stb-7/15, and Stb-92. Accessions Stb-97, Stb-89, Stb-89(a), Stb-90, Stb-34, and Rl-6-22 were resistant to Parastagonospora nodorum; L-8134, L-8114, L-82/60, L-8107, Stb-10/15, Stb-9/15, Stb-8/15, Stb-7/15, Stb-97, Stb-89, Stb-89(a), Stb-90, Stb-34, and Rl-6-22 to P. pseudonodorum; L-8252, L-8107, L-43-9, L-43-1, L-4, Stb10/15, Stb-9/15, Stb-97, Stb-92, Stb-92(a), Stb-89, Stb-89(a), and Stb-34 to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; and L-8114, L-82/60, L-43-9, L-43-1, L-4, Stb-90, Stb-34, and Rl-6-22 to Bipolaris sorokiniana. The cultivars and breeding lines showed group resistance to two, three or four pathogens. It was Lines L-8252, L-8134, L-82/60, L-8107, L-8078 (23), L-43-9, L-43-1, L-4, Stb-89, Stb-90, Stb-34, and L-33809-7-3 were observed to carry the recessive allele of the tsn1 gene.
Genetic gain of grain yield and quality in bread wheat cultivars representing 40 years of breeding in Morocco
Authors: Bennani S. , Taghouti M. , Gaboun F.
Published: October 2023

Background. Knowledge about the genetic gain for fundamental traits over time is essential for a critical assessment and improvement of breeding programs, especially regarding staple crops like bread wheat.

Materials and methods. To estimate the genetic gain in bread wheat breeding in Morocco, grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC) data were collected from 12 multi-environment field trials for 20 bread wheat cultivars released between 1980 and 2022.

Results and discussion. Analysis of variance highlighted a high significant variability between environments (E), cultivars (G), and a significant G × E interaction (P < 0.001). Based on stability analysis, the modern cultivars released during the two last decades (2002–2012 and 2013–2022) showed the highest performances and wider stability than old ones, especially in low-yielding environments. Genetic gain (GG) for GY was 21.4 kg ha−1 yr−1 (0.75% yr–1) over 4 decades of breeding. This progress was declining when advancing in decades and ranged from 11% (from 1980–1990 to 1991–2001) to less than 7% (from 2002–2012 to 2013–2022). The GG in low and intermediate yielding environments were the most important (17.34% and 6.88% yr–1 respectively), while GG was nonsignificant in high-yielding environments (4.62% yr–1). Within the same period, GPC showed a nonsignificant negative trend of –0.007% (–0.002% yr–1), while derivative parameters from GY and GPC indicated high positive genetic progress. More efforts should be deployed to implement a good balance between yield performance and quality in the new released cultivars despite the negative correlation between these two traits (r = –0.36; P < 0.001).

Conclusion. Adopting advanced technologies, like genomic selection, adequate agronomic practices, and more efficient selection criteria are essential steps to further increase simultaneously grain yield and quality traits.
Evaluation of grain yield and quality in maize hybrids of various origin under the conditions of Primorsky Territory
Authors: Butovets E. S. , Danilenko I. N. , Kraskovskaya N. A.
Published: October 2023

Background. This study was dedicated to the evaluation and selection of maize hybrids of different origin for important agronomic traits and for protein and oil accumulation in grain under the conditions of Primorsky Territory, as well as for their possible use as source material for breeding.

Materials and methods. Twenty-two grain maize hybrids of various geographic origin were studied at the Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika” in 2017–2020. Useful agronomic characters and biochemical indications were assessed, correlations between parameters were established, and an integrated evaluation of maize hybrids was made. The hybrids were ranked relative to a predetermined ideal model.

Results. Based on the results of the integrated assessment, maize hybrids Р 7709, Р 8688 and Р 8523 (Pioneer Corporation) and Si Rotango (Syngenta) had the highest scores for a set of important agronomic traits under the conditions of Primorsky Territory. Higher protein content levels were detected in maize grain when the combination of temperature and moisture was optimal (Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient = 1.1). The highest oil content was observed at an enhanced level of soil moisture (HTC = 3.1). The Si Rotango hybrid had the maximum protein content. The NUR, Ladozhsky 181 MV and P 7054 hybrids showed the maximum in oil content. Strong direct correlations were discovered between the yield and the weight of 1000 kernels and one ear, and between grain yield and the height of the lower ear position. Weak reverse correlations were observed between biochemical parameters and yield, and between a FAO maturity group and grain yield.
Ecogeographic study of peanut accessions from the VIR collection
Authors: Bemova V. D. , Asfandiyarova M. Sh. , Yakusheva T. V. , Gavrilova V. A. , Kishlyan N. V.
Published: October 2023

Background. It has been shown that southern oilseeds, including peanuts, can be successfully grown in the south of the Russian Federation under the conditions of Krasnodar Territory and Astrakhan Province. Currently, only two peanut cultivars are included in the State Register of the Russian Federation: ‘Otradokubansky’ and ‘Astrakhansky 5’. Development of raw material for obtaining new peanut cultivars adaptable to the growing conditions in Krasnodar Territory and Astrakhan Province is a relevant task.

Materials and methods. We examined 57 peanut accessions of various origins from the VIR collection. The study of peanut accessions for agronomic characters was carried out in two ecogeographic sites located in Krasnodar Territory and Astrakhan Province. Cv. ‘Otradokubansky’ was used as a reference. ANOVA was applied for statistical data processing.

Results and discussion. A wide range of variability in agronomic characters was revealed during the study of peanut accessions. The most stable character was the 1000 seed weight. The share of the genotype the variability of productivity was from 30 to 40%. A great effect of soil and climate factors and the place of cultivation on the ripening of beans was observed. Seed yield depended on the genotype (60–70%) as well as on the temperature factors and the presence of moisture in the soil. The best accessions were selected according to their agronomic characters; they may serve as promising material for breeding. Some accessions are able to produce a good harvest either in Astrakhan Province or Krasnodar Territory, while others can do it regardless of the place of cultivation. This study confirmed the possibility of growing peanuts in Astrakhan Province on medium loamy soils under irrigation, or in Krasnodar Territory on black earth without irrigation.
Development of the potato cryocollection preserved in the VIR cryobank
Authors: Efremova O. S. , Volkova N. N. , Rybakov D. A. , Lisitsyna O. V. , Ozerski P. V. , Gavrilenko Т. A.
Published: October 2023

Background. The article presents the results of the studies carried out within the framework of a complex program for the long-term conservation of genotyped accessions of domestic potato cultivars in the cryobank of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). These accessions are genetically identical to the nomenclature standards of the corresponding cultivars.

Materials and methods. The research material included 24 accessions from the in vitro collection of VIR, corresponding to the nomenclature standards of Russian potato cultivars developed in different breeding centers of the Russian Federation. Cryopreservation was carried out using the droplet vitrification method, several stages of which were modified in the Department of Biotechnology of VIR.

Results and discussion. The frequency of post-cryogenic regeneration for the analyzed 24 cultivars in control variants with short-term immersion of explants in liquid nitrogen varied from 20 to 47.3%, and in 9 accessions it exceeded 39% – the current level of reliable long-term preservation of samples in cryobanks. The data of the statistical analysis failed to reveal a significant effect of the genotype or the calendar dates of different experiment replications on the regeneration ability. These 24 accessions were added to the potato cryocollection stored in the VIR cryobank. An analysis of the composition and structure of VIR’s potato cryocollection, which currently includes 140 accessions, is presented.
Phenological assessment of early-maturing soybean accessions (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) under the conditions of Moscow Province
Authors: Vlasova E. V. , Gorbunova Yu. V. , Seferova I. V.
Published: October 2023

Background. The range of early-maturing cultivars suitable for the Non-Black-Earth Zone of the Russian Federation (RF) is extremely limited. The main method of finding sources of earliness for crop production and breeding is the evaluation of the gene pool under the required conditions.

Materials and methods. The objects of the study were 81 soybean accessions from the VIR collection, precharacterized as early-ripening under the conditions of Northwest Russia. The studies were carried out in 2018–2020 as field trials under the conditions of Moscow Province.

Results. Soybean accessions were characterized by the duration of the emergence-to-flowering (37–53 days), flowering-to-ripening (50–85 days) and emergence-to-ripening (81–130 days) periods. The extreme ripening dates for the accessions were observed from August 20 to October 5, while the maximum duration from emergence to ripening was from 93 to 139 days. The highest sum of active temperatures above 10°C for a growing season ranged from 1642 to 2189°C. Most of the studied accessions were characterized by a short emergence-to-flowering period. Therefore, the differences among accessions in the duration of the growing season were mainly due to the different lengths of their flowering-to-ripening period.

Conclusion. Soybean seeds should ripen no later than the first 10 days of September for a stable harvest under the weather conditions of the Russian Non-Black-Earth Zone. There were 32 accessions from breeding centers of the RF, Belarus, Poland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S. that met these requirements during the three years of observations. The selected accessions demonstrated a short emergence-to-flowering period of 37–48 days, and the length of their flowering-to-ripening period of 50–66 days, on average for three years. They can be used as sources of earliness in soybean breeding.
Состояние изученности перспективных сортов проса посевного в Нижнем Поволжье
Authors: Зеленев Александр Васильевич , Неймышева Алла Николаевна , Карякин Владимир Владимирович , Смутнев Павел Анатольевич
Published: October 2023

Представлены данные по изучению сортов проса посевного в Нижнем Поволжье. В конкурсном сортоиспытании изучали 3 сорта селекции ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН (Волгоград): Диана, Саратовское 10 × [(Саратовское 8 × Сангвинеум 7) × К8982] и Камышинское 98 × К9980 (М-81-67-09); в демонстрационном посеве 5 сортов: Золотистое (Россия); Казачье (Россия), Козацьке (Украина), Камышинское Юбилейное и новый сорт Диана (Россия). В коллекцию ВИР входили 5 образцов: К2049 (Турция), К10421 (Украина), К1565 (Азербайджан), К1643 (Иран) и К9880 (Украина). Стандартом выступал сорт Саратовское жёлтое (Россия). Самые высокие растения проса в конкурсном сортоиспытании формировались у сорта Камышинское 98 × К9980 (М-81-67-09) — 79,2 см, в демонстрационном посеве — у сорта Золотистое — 89,0 см. Самая длинная метёлка в конкурсном сортоиспытании обеспечивалась у сортов Диана и Камышинское 98 × К9980 (М-81-67-09) — соответственно 20,9 и 20,8 см, в демонстрационном посеве — у сорта Золотистое — 27,9 см. Самое большое количество междоузлий в конкурсном сортоиспытании и демонстрационном посеве формировал сорт Диана — 5,8 шт. В конкурсном сортоиспытании и демонстрационном посеве по урожайности лидировал сорт Диана — 1,31 и 1,25 т/га соответственно. В коллекционном питомнике наибольшую урожайность обеспечивал образец К9880 (Украина) — 1,91 т/га. Полученные результаты показывают перспективность возделывания проса посевного Диана в Нижнем Поволжье.
Resolving the conundrum of impediments while navigating from radial path to coronary lumen
Authors: Dash Debabrata , Mody Rohit , Mylarappa Yashas , Kibos Ambrose , Mody Bhavya
Published: October 2023

Through the efforts of dedicated interventionists, catheterization of the cardiovascular system by transradial method has been recognized as the gold standard due to the several advantages associated with it, such as early ambulation, decline in bleeding and in various other vascular complications. It has successfully turned as an alternative to femoral access. The huge experience of interventionists has helped in understanding the anatomical impediments that can result in many technical issues and complications associated with the transradial approach. A trial-and-error method adopted by the interventionists on their learning curve at the cost of increased procedural failure, complications and patient inconvenience may not be justifiable. The objective of the present manuscript was to review all these difficulties, and understand the treatment method and various preventative strategies that can be used to overcome the complications.
Rediscovering past narrations: The oral history of the Romanian language preserved in the National Phonogram Archive
Authors:   “Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” Institute of Linguistics, Romanian Academy, Niculescu Oana , Marin Maria ,   “Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” Institute of Linguistics, Romanian Academy, Răuţu Daniela ,   niversitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
Published: October 2023

This article examines the concepts of colonial and migrational anxiety by discussing North American accounts of experiences on wagon trains in the mid-nineteenth century. The focus is on the personal accounts of emigrants across the plains contained in travel diaries and private correspondence. This study aims to identify markers of anxiety identified in a hitherto unexplored primary corpus by discussing these signifiers in terms of discourses which were constructed to mask the realities of the migrational process. The study will draw on the theoretical basis of colonial anxiety in South Asia, discussed by scholars such as Homi Bhabha, Edward Saïd and Ranajit Guha in order to draw parallels between the two contexts. Through the examination of North American wagon train experiences in this way, it will be argued that their role was both colonial and migrational, and should thus be seen as a point of intersection for colonial and migrational anxiety.
اثر النجاح التنظيمي على إقامة المخيمات الكشفية الجامعية
Authors: Kareem Nibal
Published: October 2023

يعد النجاح التنظيمي من المفاهيم الإدارية التي دخلت الإدارة الحديثة فهو عمل اداري تم التخطيط له بصورة جيدة وفق اهداف مدروسة وتم تنفيذ واتقان العمل بنجاح.
تهدف الدراسة الحالية بناء مقياس النجاح التنظيمي والتعرف على إثر النجاح التنظيمي على إقامة المخيمات الكشفية الجامعية ،استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوب المسحي وتألفت عينة البحث العاملين بالنشاط الكشفي في الجامعات العراقية وتكون المقياس من ثلاث محاور وهي (الرؤية الاستراتيجية والتخطيط الكشفي – القيادة الكشفية – تقسيم العمل الكشفي) وتضمنت أداة الدراسة من (28) عبارة وقد أعطيت البدائل الخمسة للمقياس وتوصلت الدراسة الى اهم النتائج والتوصيات:

امتلاك العاملين بالنشاط الكشفي بمستوى عالي من النجاح التنظيمي
ان للنجاح التنظيمي اثر في نجاح المخيمات الكشفية الجامعية.
ان تكاثف الجهود وتقسيم الأدوار والتخطيط الجيد من قبل القائمين على إقامة المخيمات الكشفية الجامعية ساعد على تحقيق النجاح التنظيمي

اما من اهم التوصيات

ادخال المفاهيم الإدارية الحديثة الى واقع المخيمات الكشفية.
تقييم أداء ومدى تطور المخيمات الكشفية ومقارنتها بالسنوات السابقة.
اجراء بحوث تجريبية حول متطلبات استمرارية نجاح المخيمات الكشفية السنوية المقامة في الجامعات العراقية.

الكلمات المفتاحية: النجاح التنظيمي، المخيمات الكشفية
Tẩy trắng san hô = Chết đói
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang
Published: October 2023

Con người có thể thích màu trắng ở đâu đó như trong phòng, đồ gỗ, trang phục hay những loài hoa trắng tiêu biểu cho sự tinh khiết. Nhưng dứt khoát, màu trắng không phải thứ màu mong muốn thấy ở các rạn san hô. Nói một cách đơn giản, màu trắng của san hô biểu hiện của sự trơ xương, dấu hiệu của quá trình đi đến suy kiệt dinh dưỡng và cuối cùng là cái chết.
A cross-sectional study of undergraduates’ ethical reasoning skills at a liberal arts institution
Authors: TerMaat Joel , Williams Kristopher J. , Wentworth Christopher D
Published: October 2023

Liberal arts institutions, given their inherent purpose, are arguably well-positioned to promote the ethical development of science and engineering students. When assessed using the Defining Issues Test (DIT2) corresponding to the Neo-Kohlbergian model of moral development, other researchers have typically observed dramatic gains during college, particularly pronounced at liberal arts institutional types. A cross-sectional DIT2 study sampling across the residential student population was conducted to investigate the localized and modern impact at the home liberal arts institution. Other considerations due to gender, political identification, retention mortality, and major/division are discussed.
Sign language in d/Deaf students’ spoken/written language development: A research synthesis and meta-analysis of cross-linguistic correlation coefficients
Authors: Zhang Dongbo , KE SIHUI , Yang Junhui , Anglin-Jaffe Hannah
Published: October 2023

This paper presents the first systematic review and meta-analysis on cross-linguistic correlations between sign language and spoken/written language competences in bilingual d/Deaf learners. A total of 202 effect sizes were identified based on 70 independent samples that appeared in 52 published and unpublished outputs from 1981 to 2023 (N = 3,570). The effect sizes involved seven sign language correlates (e.g., fingerspelling, phonological awareness [PA], lexico-semantic knowledge) and eight spoken/written language correlates (e.g., PA, lexico-semantic knowledge, word reading, reading comprehension). Estimated mean correlations of 26 cross-linguistic relationships ranged from r = .322 (p < .001) for sign language PA and reading comprehension to r = .645 (p < .001) for fingerspelling and word reading. Among other moderators, age/grade (elementary, secondary, vs. university/adult), signer status (native vs. non-native), program type (bilingual vs. Total Communication/SimCom), and task type (passage comprehension vs. sentence comprehension) either showed significant moderation effects or resulted in differing size (small, medium, vs. large) in the correlation coefficients among subgroups of primary studies. The meta-analytic findings lend support to the legitimate application of linguistic interdependence, common underlying proficiency, cross-linguistic transfer facilitation, and their associated constructs to the educational development of signing/bimodal bilingual learners. The moderator analysis results, in particular, have shed light on the conditioning of linguistic interdependence and transfer and expanded current understandings about the complexity of the issue and its practical implications in bilingual deaf education.
On the role of experience in nudge interventions
Authors: Keilikhis Shanny , Roth Yefim
Published: October 2023

The effectiveness of nudge interventions is a subject of debate, with some studies reporting significant positive impacts, while others find null effects. Potential explanations for these disparities include publication bias, conceptual ambiguity surrounding what constitutes a nudge, and vested interests. Recent research also highlights the role of individual experience in shaping the outcomes of nudge interventions.
Contrasting Social and Cognitive Accounts on Overimitation: The Role of Causal Transparency and Prior Experiences
Authors: Schleihauf Hanna , Breyel Sabine , Pauen Sabina , Hoehl Stefanie
Published: October 2023

Three experiments (N = 100) examine the influence of causal information on overimitation. In Experiment 1, atransparent reward location reveals that the reward is unaffected by nonfunctional actions. When 5-year-oldsobserve an inefficient and subsequently an efficient strategy to retrieve a reward, they show overimitation inboth phases—even though the reward is visible. In Experiment 2, children observe first the efficient then theinefficient strategy. The latter is always demonstrated communicatively, whereas the efficient strategy is pre-sented communicatively (2a) or noncommunicatively (2b). Regardless of whether the efficient strategy isemphasized through communication or not, most children do not switch from the efficient to the inefficientstrategy. Depending on the situation, children base their behavior on social motivations or causal information.
Disrupting Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Affects Moral Anchoring During Hypothetical Torture
Authors: Guillard Celia , Harris Lasana
Published: October 2023

What psychological mechanisms facilitate moral anchoring, and behaviour that deviates from moral anchors? Here, we report data collected at two timepoints—a few weeks and a year following an act of terrorism—just a few miles from the location of the attack. Across two repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) studies, we disrupted the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)—a brain region implicated in executive function—before participants searched for the correct intensity of physical and psychological harm to inflict on a hypothetical suspect to prevent a subsequent terrorist attack across a variety of torture techniques. We explore moral anchoring—the influence of initial estimates of morally appropriate behaviour on subsequent estimates—by considering search strategies that vary in their moral anchoring across these hypothetical harming scenarios at these two time points. We find that disrupting DLPFC increased moral anchoring for psychological harms when attacks had recently occurred, but when attacks were more distant, it increased moral anchoring for physical harms. These results suggest that the extent to which people morally anchor differs based on the type of harm, the salience of threat, and involvement of DLPFC.
Factual Corrections: Concerns and Current Evidence
Authors: Porter Ethan , Wood Thomas J.
Published: October 2023

Factual corrections that target misinformation improve belief accuracy. They do so across a wide variety of countries, political beliefs and demographic characteristics. Instances of backfire, wherein exposure to corrections reduce accuracy, are exceedingly rare and may be an artifact of research design. The evidence regarding other common concerns is mixed. While the effects on corrections on belief are not permanent, they are not entirely ephemeral, either. With some exceptions, corrections mostly only affect belief accuracy, with minor to nonexistent influence on downstream attitudes and behaviors. While corrections are not unpopular among the public, limited available evidence suggests that those who see misinformation are exceedingly unlikely to see relevant corrections.
How Not to Fool Ourselves About Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects
Authors: von Hippel Paul Thomas , Schuetze Brendan A.
Published: October 2023

Researchers across many fields have called for greater attention to heterogeneity of treatment effects—shifting focus from the average effect to variation in effects between different treatments, studies, or subgroups. True heterogeneity is important, but many reports of heterogeneity have proved to be false, non-replicable, or inflated. In this review, we catalog ways that past researchers fooled themselves about heterogeneity, and recommend steps to stop fooling ourselves about heterogeneity in the future.We make 18 specific recommendations, which we illustrate with examples from education research. These are the most common themes: (1) seek heterogeneity only when the causal mechanism offers clear motivation and the data offer adequate power; (2) shy away from seeking “no-but” heterogeneity when there is no main effect; (3) separate the noise of estimation error from the signal of true heterogeneity; (4) shrink variation in estimates toward zero; (5) increase p values and widen confidence intervals when conducting multiple tests; (6) estimate interactions rather than subgroup effects; and (7) check whether findings of heterogeneity are sensitive to changes in model or measurement. We also resolve two longstanding debates: one about centering interactions in linear models and one about estimating and interpreting interactions in nonlinear models such as logistic, ordinal, and interval regression.Following these recommendations will screen out many false, confusing, and non-replicable findings. Claims of heterogeneity that pass the screens should be more plausible, better calibrated, and more replicable.
Expertise in management research: A review and agenda for future research
Authors: Heimstädt Maximilian , Koljonen Tomi , Elmholdt Kasper Trolle
Published: October 2023

Management scholars and practitioners have a longstanding interest in expertise and its benefits for individuals, organizations, and markets. However, today, experts and expertise also face a significant and broad crisis of credibility, authority, and trust in society. In order to better examine, understand, and realize the potential of expertise in and around organizations in this context, our field is overdue for a comprehensive review of recent work on the concept. With an integrative review of the past two decades of management research on expertise, we map out this fragmented field and outline three perspectives on the concept. A realist perspective sees expertise as a substantive ability of individuals, a constructivist perspective sees expertise as socially constructed quality of collective actors, and a situationist perspective sees expertise as a situated enactment involving human and non-human actors. These perspectives make different assumptions about the nature of expertise and therefore reach different conclusions about its benefits and problems. By teasing out similarities and differences across the perspectives, we work towards greater construct clarity and develop six integrative opportunities for future research. We conclude with suggestions about how each of the three perspectives can help us better understand the crisis of expertise.
Influences on sexting in an intimate relationship: Motivations, risks, communication, personality traits, and relationship variables
Authors: Falconer Tasha A. , Humphreys Terry P. , O’Hagan Fergal T. , Johnson Jessica R.
Published: October 2023

People in intimate relationships sext more than those in casual relationships or those who are single. Past research indicates a differential pattern in sexting behaviour based on relationship status, so a closer look at how sexting might serve the sexual and relationship needs of those in intimate relationships is warranted. In this study, we used quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate several factors that influence sexting behaviour within intimate relationships. Participants ( N = 771; 76% women, 23% men, 0.5% non-binary) completed an online questionnaire about personality traits, satisfaction, communication, trust, commitment, motivations, and risks that included open-text space to elaborate responses. This study used incentive motivational theory as a guide. Results suggest that for those in committed relationships, sexting is a way to have intimate connection that is mediated by technology. Participants were motivated to sext for several reasons, but most commonly for sexual gratification. Participants did not perceive there to be any risks to sexting with their partner. Sexting was found to be positively related to relationship and sexual satisfaction, commitment, erotophilia, and sexual sensation seeking. The therapeutic implications of these results are discussed.
Correlation of Chlorophyll-a and Dissolved Oxygen in the Phytoplankton Abundance in Leyte Gulf, Philippines
Authors: Salonga Jennifer , Gino Christian , Galve Dixcen , Sapul Evangeline , Leyson Jonneil , Camu Darlyn Grace , Fortaliza Roger , Salazar Claribel
Published: October 2023

Leyte Gulf is an important fishing ground in the Philippines that serves as a livelihood and food source for many coastal communities. This study aimed to determine the composition, abundance, and diversity of phytoplankton, examine the chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and distribution, and correlate the results of phytoplankton abundance to the examined water parameters in the Leyte Gulf. Samples were collected at 20 established oceanographic stations from April 24 to May 8, 2020, using 10 liters (L) of Niskin bottles at a depth of 10 meters (m), 25 m, 50 m, and 75 m. Phytoplankton were categorized into three classes, namely diatoms, dinoflagellates, and blue-green algae. Results of this study showed that diatoms were the most dominant class comprising about 89% abundance. Of all the identified phytoplankton taxa, Leptocylindrus spp., Rhizosolenia spp., and Coscinodiscus spp. were the most abundant. Leptocylindrus spp. was found to have a higher density in all sampling stations. Based on the diversity index and density-depth analysis, the phytoplankton abundance has a similar distribution in Leyte Gulf. A high concentration of phytoplankton abundance in the Leyte group was observed, wherein a high concentration of chl-a and DO occurred. Additionally, the status of water parameters throughout the study area was tolerable. Results further revealed that the relationship between the chl-a and DO was strongly positively correlated to phytoplankton. Therefore, continued monitoring of phytoplankton and other important water parameters within the gulf must be done.
Deployment of Artificial Habitats Alone Cannot Make up for the Degradation of Coral Reefs
Authors: Bahinting Sandra Enn , Mostrales Thea Philea , Principe Alexis , Licuanan Wilfredo
Published: October 2023

Artificial habitat projects are expensive endeavors that should be carefully designed and planned to be sustainable and effective. Artificial habitats must be implemented with other fisheries enhancement and management measures and be monitored to allow for future improvements in site selection criteria and design. Coral reef rehabilitation is much more expensive than protection. Given the considerable cost and effort involved, artificial habitat deployments are justified in only a few situations. The lessons shared in this brief contain recommendations for the review and amendment of the joint memorandum concerning the use and management of artificial reefs.
Harmful Jellyfishes are Manageable
Authors: Verdadero Francis Xavier , Licuanan Wilfredo , Ang Julia Louise , de los Santos Jr Berlin , Metillo Ephrime
Published: October 2023

Very little is known about harmful jellyfish species in the Philippines, much less about their impacts on society (e.g., fishing and tourism sectors, local community).
The Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR), Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Departments of Health (DOH) and Tourism (DOT) together with the Department of Science and Technology – Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (DOST-PCAARRD), other research institutions and academe, should conduct more research related to harmful jellyfish species to address the paucity in information.
To reduce injuries and deaths resulting from harmful jellyfish envenomation, DA, DENR, DOH, and DOT, and their counterparts in local governments must strengthen their information and education campaigns, preventive measures, emergency response, and treatment of jellyfish-related injuries and stings.
DA-BFAR should monitor box and other harmful jellyfishes in collaboration with the local governments with high coastal tourism traffic. This monitoring should be made participatory in high tourism-traffic areas, involving members of the public, the fisheries, tourism, and health sectors of the local governments in coordination with local academic institutions.
DA-BFAR and DENR should also maintain a publicly available database of jellyfish envenomation dates, times, and locations. Health workers and law enforcement officials should be taught to recognize the stings and record casualties for the DA-BFAR and DENR databases. This database and monitoring could be the basis for a national risk map and calendar and, eventually, an advisory and warning system.
Status of Sea Cucumber Fisheries in Mindanao: Harnessing Local Knowledge in Determining Diversity and Production Values
Authors: Arriesgado Elgen , Sornito Marnelle , De Guzman Asuncion , Zalsos Josuah , Besoña Jomar , Alia Leemarc , Cadeliña Flordeline , Magcanta-Mortos Maria Lyn , Uy Wilfredo
Published: October 2023

Sea cucumber fishery is a significant livelihood in the Philippines; however, overexploitation and inadequate management programs resulted in the decline of various sea cucumber species. This paper describes the current sea cucumber fisheries across 32 municipalities in Mindanao assessed from August 2019 to January 2020 through key informant surveys (KIS) and focus group discussions (FGD). About 47 sea cucumbers were identified from KIS, mostly for export. The high-value Holothuria scabra is the most exploited species across Mindanao, but the top catches are mainly composed of low to medium-value species. At least four sea cucumber species were noted by gatherers to have disappeared from some sites during the KIS. The FGDs showed that the sea cucumber fishery is small-scale, involving about 1,922 gatherers from 10 municipalities. Half of them (56%) engage in full-time sea cucumber gathering and employ various methods depending on the location of their collection grounds. Estimates of mean daily sea cucumber catch ranged from 1–7.3 kg-1 gatherer-1 day-1, with the highest catch in Olutanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, and lowest in Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental. Catch per unit effort ranged from 0.2-1.8 kg-1 gatherer-1 day-1, with the highest catch rate in Dimataling, Zamboanga del Sur, and lowest in Laguindingan. Gatherers often sold their catches as fresh to consolidators or traders. Net incomes from the combined fresh catches ranged from PHP 70–950, with the highest income in Olutanga and the lowest in Laguindingan. Historical trendlines show decreasing catches in all sites over time. Overall, the sea cucumber fishery in Mindanao is rapidly declining and needs urgent management interventions to sustain stocks and livelihoods.
Identification and Morphology of the Two Horseshoe Crab Species, Tachypleus tridentatus (Leah, 1819) and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Latreille, 1802) (Merostomata: Limulidae) from Honda Bay, Palawan, Philippines
Authors: Baylon Juliana , Alcantara-Creencia Lota
Published: October 2023

There were reports of the existence of horseshoe crabs in Palawan, Philippines, but there is a need to identify and confirm these species. A total of 128 adult horseshoe crabs were collected from Honda Bay, Palawan, Philippines. These were identified as Tachypleus tridentatus (68 males, 40 females) and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (2 males, 18 females). Morphology, morphometric measurements, and ratios of male and female of each species were described. Morphological characteristics in differentiating a male from a female crab involve examination of the appearance of the genitalia. Morphological characteristics in identifying the species include the presence or absence of notches in the frontal margin, arching in the frontal view, appearance of the chelae of the 2nd and 3rd prosomal appendages, number of lateral spines and the immovable spines in the opisthosoma, the presence of spinnerets on the surface of the telson, and shape of the telson and its cavity in cross-section. This study confirmed the identification of the two species found in Palawan, Philippines, and the morphological characteristics of the male and female of each species. In addition, a comparison was made of the size of the horseshoe crab species in Palawan with those found in other locations in the Asia-Pacific region.
Integration of Vacuum Processing into an Automated Vertical Quenching Furnace
Authors: Rex Zoe J. , Acken Bob
Published: October 2023

Integral quenching (IQ) is a widely adopted heat treatment technique known for its efficient and rapid quenching capabilities. Vertical vacuum IQ furnaces give heat treaters a larger working zone for efficient and rapid quenching. This article describes the elements of a vacuum IQ furnace line and describes its operational workflow and process control.
مراجعة كتاب: من تعددية الأخلاق إلى أخلاق التعددية لـعبد القادر ملوك
Authors: عنيات عبد الكريم
Published: October 2023

عنوان الكتاب: من تعددية الأخلاق إلى أخلاق التعددية.
المؤلف: عبد القادر ملوك.
الناشر: الدوحة/ بيروت: المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات.
سنة النشر: 2018.
عدد الصفحات: 159.
Nunca es tarde si la informetría es buena: comentario de Introduction to informetrics
Authors: González-Salmón Elvira
Published: October 2023

El mundo de la informetría ha cambiado enormemente desde 1990, año en que Leo Egghe y Ronald Rousseau publicaron por primera vez Introduction to informetrics: Quantitative methods in library, documentation and information science. En esta nota revisitamos este clásico de la informetría, con la visión puesta en el análisis de los contrastes y continuidades que encontramos entre la primera aproximación al término que propusieron estos autores, y la realidad de este campo de investigación en 2023.
Homão da porra: Rodrigo Hilbert e a rede textual de masculinidades transformadas
Authors: Gonçalves Juliana Soares
Published: October 2023

A partir das enunciações de Rodrigo Hilbert como um homem desconstruído, nos dedicamos a refletir sobre a configuração da textualidade desse projeto de masculinidade transformada. Para isso, acionamos como lentes analíticas o conceito de textualidades, bem como as discussões de gênero a partir da perspectiva de construções simbólicas, compostas por tecnologias e próteses materiais e metafóricas.
Encruzilhadas e espaços-seguros da mulher negra em “Bom Mesmo É Estar Debaixo D’Água”
Authors: Lima Barbara , Gomes Josué , Carvalho Fonseca Maria Gislene
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho realiza uma análise das dimensões de um feminino negro no álbum “Bom Mesmo É Estar Debaixo D’Água” da cantora Luedji Luna, a partir dos conceitos de Encruzilhada (Martins, 2021) e de Espaços Seguros (Collins, 2019). As análises tomam as imagens das faixas “Chororô”, “Ain’t I a Woman?” e “Lençóis” para discutir os processos de autodefinição (Collins, 2019) manifestados pelo corpo da artista, que aciona encruzilhadas-fêmeas no seu transitar pelo tempo e pelo espaço.
Book Reviews
Authors: Irakoze Kevin , Majavu Mandisi , Etoke Nathalie
Published: October 2023

Nathalie Etoke, Black Existential Freedom. Roman & Littlefield, 2023, 156 pp. ISBN: 978-538173060 (pbk).

Tendayi Sithole, Refiguring in Black. Polity Press, 2023, VII +158 pp. ISBN: 978-1509557028 (pbk).

T Hasan Johnson, Solutions for Anti-Black Misandry, Flat Blackness, and Black Male Death: The Black Masculinist Turn. Routledge, 2023, 131pp. ISBN: 978-1032529592.
Percepción de docentes sobre la formación por competencias en el marco de la integralidad de funciones universitarias
Authors: Del Valle Alvarez Gabriela , Alina Bondar Sandra , Soto Zulma Carmen
Published: October 2023

Las universidades y las instituciones formadoras de profesionales están atravesando procesos de acreditación, para lo cual deben cumplir con ciertos estándares, donde cada carrera, en especial las ingenierías, tienen especificaciones sobre las competencias que los egresados deben desarrollar en su formación profesional. Por lo tanto, en el presente artículo, se busca describir las percepciones de los docentes universitarios con respecto a las competencias que los estudiantes desarrollan mediante la integralidad de las funciones universitarias (docencia, investigación y extensión). Lo anterior se convierte en el punto de partida para poder adecuar e implementar los planes de estudios de las carreras. Esta investigación se realizó bajo el diseño de investigación cualitativo, a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a 21 docentes. Los resultados analizados reflejan las competencias genéricas que los docentes identificaron como aquellas que se desarrollan a través de las actividades de extensión e investigación, indicando una conciencia sobre el valor formativo de estas funciones sustantivas en la educación de los futuros graduados. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para el diseño curricular y la enseñanza centrada en el desarrollo de competencias en los estudiantes de carreras productivas. Se puede concluir que cada día es necesario incorporar y planificar actividades extensionistas e investigativas en el currículo, considerando las competencias que se espera que los futuros egresados desarrollen. Al incluir estas actividades en la estructura curricular, se les otorgaría la misma importancia que a la docencia, brindando oportunidades equitativas para que todos los estudiantes participen y desarrollen habilidades en investigación y extensión.
APLIKASI E-COMMERCE PADA TOKO ISC EXHAUST BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Fajri Hersanto , Berlina Wulandari  , Al Farizi Muhammad Daffan
Published: October 2023

Pemanfaatan smartphone dan internet telah mempengaruhi bisnis dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. E-commerce menjadi hal penting dalam perekonomian karena memperluas jangkauan pasar, menarik investor, dan mempermudah evaluasi bisnis. Meskipun demikian, toko ISC EXHAUST dalam penjualan otomotif belum sepenuhnya menggunakan potensi smartphone dan internet untuk e-commerce, yang mengakibatkan keterbatasan dalam penyampaian informasi produk, promosi, dan pembayaran. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan aplikasi e-commerce berbasis Android untuk toko ISC Exhaust yang dilengkapi fitur ongkir dan metode pembayaran midtrans menggunakan metode pengembangan waterfall. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan aplikasi e-commerce dengan metode waterfall telah berhasil dalam menyampaikan informasi produk kepada konsumen, menyediakan estimasi biaya ongkir yang jelas, dan memfasilitasi transaksi yang aman dengan metode pembayaran midtrans. Penelitian ini memberikan manfaat penting bagi pengembang aplikasi e-commerce pada toko ISC EXHAUST terutama dalam hal fitur ongkir dan metode pembayaran midtrans.