bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Question of Ideology in Light of Perspectival Knowledge: The Truths of Marx and Nietzsche
Authors: Payne Christine A.
Published: February 2017

This article reflects on the political sensibilities of Marx and Nietzsche in light of their approaches to truth and illusion. Marx and Nietzsche are read in relation to one another in order to highlight a partial overlap between Nietzsche’s perspectival approach to truth and illusion and Marx’s investigation of ideology and its relation to political critique and class struggle. At stake is the possibility of undertaking critique and struggle absent secure or stable epistemological foundations. Walking the tightrope between Marx’s analyses of ideology and class struggle and Nietzsche’s critiques of attempts to ground and authoritatively justify universal claims to truth and falsity, this essay considers the character of political critiques and practices aimed at the realization of desires for material well-being and the cultivation of human freedom. Understanding Marx’s and Nietzsche’s epistemological projects in relation to one another compels fresh conceptualizations of the character and scope of emancipatory political projects.
‘People Can’t Believe We exist!’: Social Sustainability and Alternative Nonprofit Organizing
Authors: Jensen Peter R.
Published: February 2017

Nonprofit organizational sustainability is increasingly framed in terms of fiscal expediency. This framing of sustainability has led nonprofit organizations to increasingly adopt for-profit innovations, at times at the expense of core organizational values or nonprofit mission. Drawing on ethnographic field methods and semi-structured interviews, I examine how one anarchist-run homeless shelter resists and challenges current trends in nonprofit sustainability. I argue that by drawing on a personalist organizing model, this shelter offers a refutation of the necessity of adopting business-like organizing practices to maintain organizational sustainability. The findings from this paper highlight how this organization has used personal connections and anarchist organizing practices over more than 30 years to continue organizational operations in a shifting market economy. The results have implications for how nonprofit sustainability may be accomplished, and more broadly offers an alternative to the idealized marketized nonprofit organization.
Death Following Recent Admission Into Nursing Home From Community Living: A Systematic Review Into the Transition Process
Authors: Ferrah Noha , Ibrahim Joseph Elias , Kipsaina Chebiwot , Bugeja Lyndal
Published: February 2017

Objective: This study examines the impact of the transition process on the mortality of elderly individuals following their first admission to nursing home from the community at 1, 3, and 6 months postadmission, and causes and risk factors for death. Method: A systematic review of relevant studies published between 2000 and 2015 was conducted using key search terms: first admission, death, and nursing homes. Results: Eleven cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. Mortality within the first 6 month postadmission varied from 0% to 34% (median = 20.2). Causes of deaths were not reported. Heightened mortality was not wholly explained by intrinsic resident factors. Only two studies investigated the influence of facility factors, and found an increased risk in facilities with high antipsychotics use. Discussion: Mortality in the immediate period following admission may not simply be due to an individual’s health status. Transition processes and facility characteristics are potentially independent and modifiable risk factors.
Development of a comprehensive delamination assessment factor and its evaluation with high-speed drilling of composite laminates using a twist drill
Authors: Babu Jalumedi , Paul Alex Nevin , Abraham Sonu P , Philip Jose , Anoop BN , Davim J Paulo
Published: February 2017

Composites are cutting edge engineering materials for modern high-technology products. Their heterogeneous structure entails processing defects uncommon with metallic parts. Drilling is a crucial manufacturing process to facilitate fastening and assembly of composite components. High-speed drilling especially is a promising technique to increase the productivity as well as the quality of the drilled hole. The severity of delamination damage around the drilled hole is a critical factor in the error-free performance of these parts in service. A new method to characterize the delamination induced by drilling with a comprehensive assessment factor called effective equivalent delamination factor is developed to overcome the limitations of other measures being used hitherto. The capability and appropriateness of effective equivalent delamination factor as a delamination assessment factor are verified from experimental results.
Investigation of a carbon fibre-reinforced plastic grinding wheel for high-speed plunge-cut centreless grinding application
Authors: Hänel Albrecht , Teicher Uwe , Pätzold Holger , Nestler Andreas , Brosius Alexander
Published: February 2017

High-speed plunge-cut centreless grinding opens up enormous potential for the manufacturing of difficult-to-machine materials and to improve the surface quality while reducing the grinding forces. For this investigation, a new grinding wheel base body of carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) was developed to achieve grinding wheel speeds up to 150 m/s in plunge-cut centreless grinding of hardened shafts. For evaluation of the performance characteristics, the grinding forces and the surface quality of different grinding tools were detected. These experiments were conducted using a newly developed measuring system to analyse the grinding forces in the workrest blade. The experimental results are described and discussed in this article.
Differential planetary mechanism of reduction gear for robotic applications
Authors: Lee Bumjoo , Kim Donghan , Hong Young-Dae
Published: February 2017

This study proposes a novel planetary gear mechanism composed of normal spur gears. Similar to a harmonic drive system, one pair of gears generates differential angular motion to achieve a high reduction gear ratio. While a harmonic drive system utilizes slightly different number of gear teeth between the flex spline and the circular spline to induce differential motion, a planetary gear mechanism with different gear modules is adopted for this purpose in the proposed system. Since the manufacture of special components like the wave generator and flex spline in harmonic drive system is not required here, the machinability and usability are improved. In addition, the mechanism can be achieved with a flat shape, which is crucial for various applications such as robotic systems. After the basic concept and three-dimensional design are introduced, the prototype system is presented.
A ‘smart tire’ for estimating the tire force and the extents of the influences of specific factors
Authors: Zhu Xiaolong , Lu Dang
Published: February 2017

This paper describes an intelligent device for detection of the mechanical characteristics of a tire and its test method. When deformation of the operating tire occurs, by tracking the displacements of fluorescent marker points with a camera, a neural network algorithm is applied to obtain the tire forces. The FTire model is used to fit the experimental curves obtained by measuring the mechanical properties in order to compare whether the test data agree with the actual motion law of the tire. The proposed system bypasses the use of a tire-testing machine and a six-component sensor to measure the force and the torque, and it can achieve real-time measurement and computation without isolating the tire and the vehicle. The proposed method is simple, possesses a compact structure, is easy to operate, and has low costs.
Optimisation of the piston compression ring for improved energy efficiency of high performance race engines
Authors: Morris Nick , Mohammadpour Mahdi , Rahmani Ramin , Rahnejat Homer
Published: February 2017

The primary function of the piston compression ring is to seal the combustion chamber from the bottom end of the engine. As a result, its conformance to the cylinder liner surface is of prime importance. This close-contact contiguity results in increased friction, making this contact conjunction responsible for a significant proportion of energy losses. The frictional losses can be as much as 2–6% of the expended fuel energy, which is quite significant for such a diminutive contact. Under these conditions, the geometrical profile, the surface topography and the inertial properties of the ring assume significant importance. The paper presents an integrated mixed-hydrodynamic analysis of the compression ring–cylinder liner contact with multi-parameter optimisation, based on the use of a genetic algorithm. The multi-objective functionality includes minimisation of the parasitic energy loss, reduction in the incidence of asperity level interactions as well as minimisation of the ring mass. Both cold running engine conditions and hot running engine conditions in line with the New European Drive Cycle were considered. Hitherto, such an approach has not been reported in the literature.
The emissions and the performance of diethyl succinate in a diesel fuel blend
Authors: Jenkins Rhodri W , Bannister Chris D , Chuck Christopher J
Published: February 2017

The finite natures of fossil fuels and their contributions to anthropogenic climate change are driving the development of biofuels. However, because of the inherent issues with current biofuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel, innovative replacements are being increasingly sought. Recently, four esters produced from fermentation, namley diethyl succinate, dibutyl succinate, dibutyl fumarate and dibutyl malonate, were reported to have suitable physical properties as a substitute for conventional diesel fuel. Although the physical properties are indicative of the fuel behaviour, the determination of the combustion emissions and the performance of a fuel using controlled engine testing is vital. In this investigation, the engine performance and emissions produced from the most viable fuel, namely diethyl succinate, were examined. Diethyl succinate was blended with diesel in a 20 vol % blend, owing to the low cetane number of diethyl succinate, and the emissions established in pseudo-steady-state conditions using a 2.0 L turbocharged direct-injection EURO 3-compliant light commercial vehicle equipped with a direct-injection common-rail diesel engine. When using the diesel–20 vol % diethyl succinate blend, the fuel demand and the wheel force were higher for the majority of engine speeds than those of diesel, whereas the exhaust gas temperatures were lower. The difference between the exhaust gas temperature for the diesel–20 vol % diethyl succinate blend and that for diesel increased with increasing pedal demand. In comparison with the carbon monoxide emissions from petroleum-derived diesel, the carbon monoxide emissions obtained when using the diesel–20 vol % diethyl succinate blend were reduced, most probably because of more complete combustion due to the increased oxygen content. However, the total hydrocarbon emissions and the mono-nitrogen oxide emissions were shown to increase on using the diethyl succinate blend. Both of these factors were presumably due to the lower cetane number of the fuel, although the increase in the total hydrocarbon emissions was deemed negligible because of the low amount produced by both fuels.
Formability of aluminum 5083 friction stir welded blank in two-point incremental forming process
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Pejman , Baseri Hamid , Mirnia Mohammad J
Published: February 2017

In the present study, an attempt was made to analyze the formability of aluminum 5083 fiction stir welded blank through an incremental forming process. Experiments are performed on the joints which were fabricated by optimal welding parameters with 73% strength sufficiency. Firstly, a series of experiments were carried out to compare the formability of welded blank in single-point and two-point incremental forming operations, under different wall angles. Thereafter, an experimental study based on response surface methodology was carried out to find out the effect of incremental forming factors on the dimensional accuracy and minimum thickness. It was found from the results that irrespective of the wall angle, the formability of welded blank (i.e. forming height until occurrence of tear) which formed in two-point incremental forming process is relatively higher than that of single-point incremental forming. Also, statistical analysis revealed that tool rotary speed and step down has a significant effect on the critical thickness, while springback is affected by the sequence of tool rotary speed and feed rate.
An efficient extended target detection method based on region growing and contour tracking algorithm
Authors: Yan Bo , Xu LP , Yan JZH , Li Cong
Published: February 2017

Extended target detection in the presence of K-distributed clutter has gained a special interest in recent years. High-resolution radars allow a target to be found in several resolution cells. Therefore, the detection rate and the false alarm rate of an extended target should be analyzed by these cells jointly rather than in one single resolution cell. A detector in which all the cells whose magnitude affected by one target are considered jointly is present. The performance and optimal parameters of the detector are analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, the large amount of calculation caused by enormous raw data is also considered. Then, an efficient method based on region growing algorithm and contour tracking algorithm is proposed. Only part of the resolution cells is scanned once with the proposed method, while all the cells are scanned at least one times in the existing methods. Therefore, considerable calculations are saved. Furthermore, the proposed method and several existing methods are performed with real data and simulated data, and the results show that the proposed model is practical and efficient to detect the extended targets in K-distributed clutters.
Persons living with HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy also consulting traditional healers: a study in three African countries
Authors: Wanyama Jane N , Tsui Sharon , Kwok Cynthia , Wanyenze Rhoda K , Denison Julie A , Koole Olivier , van Praag Eric , Castelnuovo Barbara , Wabwire-Mangen Fred , Kwesigabo Gideon P , Colebunders Robert
Published: February 2017

Traditional healers provide healthcare to a substantial proportion of people living with HIV infection (PLHIV) in high HIV burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the impact on the health of retained patients visiting traditional healers is unknown. In 2011, a study to asses adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) performed in 18 purposefully selected HIV treatment centers in Tanzania, Zambia and Uganda showed that ‘consulting a traditional healer/herbalist because of HIV’ was an independent risk factor for incomplete ART adherence. To identify characteristics of PLHIV on ART who were also consulting traditional healers, we conducted a secondary analysis of the data from this study. It was found that 260 (5.8%) of the 4451 patients enrolled in the study had consulted a traditional healer during the last three months because of HIV. In multivariable analysis, patients with fewer HIV symptoms, those who had been on ART for >5.3 years and those from Tanzania were more likely to have consulted a traditional healer. However, at the time of the study, there was a famous healer in Manyara district, Loliondo village of Tanzania who claimed his herbal remedy was able to cure all chronic diseases including HIV. HIV treatment programs should be aware that patients with fewer HIV symptoms, those who have been on ART for five or more years, and patients attending ART centers near famous traditional healers are likely to consult traditional healers. Such patients may need more support or counseling about the risks of both stopping ART and poor adherence. Considering the realities of inadequate human resources for health and the burden of disease caused by HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, facilitating a collaboration between allopathic and traditional health practitioners is recommended.
The erudite humility of the historian: the ‘critical epistemology’ of Georges Lantéri-Laura
Authors: Basso Lorini Elisabetta
Published: February 2017

This paper analyses the historical and epistemological work of the French psychiatrist Georges Lantéri-Laura (1930–2004) within the context of the French ‘tradition’ of history and philosophy of sciences, with special reference to Georges Canguilhem and Michel Foucault. After an introduction devoted to a critical survey of the most recent works on the history and historiography of psychiatry in French, the paper outlines Lantéri-Laura’s approach by focusing especially on the role played by the methodological concept of ‘semiology’ as regards the relation between medicine and psychiatry. The last part of the paper draws attention to the relation between the history and philosophy of psychiatry in light of Lantéri-Laura’s ‘critical epistemology’.
Infodemiology of systemic lupus erythematous using Google Trends
Authors: Radin M , Sciascia S
Published: February 2017

Objective

People affected by chronic rheumatic conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), frequently rely on the Internet and search engines to look for terms related to their disease and its possible causes, symptoms and treatments. ‘Infodemiology’ and ‘infoveillance’ are two recent terms created to describe a new developing approach for public health, based on Big Data monitoring and data mining. In this study, we aim to investigate trends of Internet research linked to SLE and symptoms associated with the disease, applying a Big Data monitoring approach.

Methods

We analysed the large amount of data generated by Google Trends, considering ‘lupus’, ‘relapse’ and ‘fatigue’ in a 10-year web-based research. Google Trends automatically normalized data for the overall number of searches, and presented them as relative search volumes, in order to compare variations of different search terms across regions and periods. The Menn–Kendall test was used to evaluate the overall seasonal trend of each search term and possible correlation between search terms.

Results

We observed a seasonality for Google search volumes for lupus-related terms. In the Northern hemisphere, relative search volumes for ‘lupus’ were correlated with ‘relapse’ (τ = 0.85; p = 0.019) and with fatigue (τ = 0.82; p = 0.003), whereas in the Southern hemisphere we observed a significant correlation between ‘fatigue’ and ‘relapse’ (τ = 0.85; p = 0.018). Similarly, a significant correlation between ‘fatigue’ and ‘relapse’ (τ = 0.70; p < 0.001) was seen also in the Northern hemisphere.

Conclusion

Despite the intrinsic limitations of this approach, Internet-acquired data might represent a real-time surveillance tool and an alert for healthcare systems in order to plan the most appropriate resources in specific moments with higher disease burden.
Translating ‘others’ as ‘us’ in Huckleberry Finn: dialect, register and the heterogeneity of standard language
Authors: Yu Jing
Published: February 2017

Studies on the translation of literary dialects have devoted much attention to linguistic features used in the recreation of source text dialects. Only limited discussions can be found on what strategies have been used in the translation of the source text (ST) standard language that the ST dialect is contrasted with. This is because studies on dialect translation have often rested on two assumptions: that standard language in the ST is always translated into a standard neutral target variety and that the use of standard language invariably leads to the erasure of literary effect in the target text (TT). Both assumptions are related to the misconception that standard language is a single neutral register. This article challenges these assumptions by proposing that translating dialect requires translating both sides of the dialect variation, that is to say, translating both the dialect itself and the standard language against which it is set in relief. Drawing particular attention to the translation of the standard side of the variation, this article sets out to achieve two purposes: (1) to explain how register varieties from standard language can function as sociolects in dialect translation, and (2) to build a dynamic model that incorporates both sides of the linguistic variation into the translation process. The following case study on the canonized Chinese translation of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Zhang Yousong and Zhang Zhenxian shows how social hierarchies and power structures in Twain’s work have been reversed in the translation so as to construct social ‘others’ as ‘us’ and a socially elevated version of ‘us’ – a ‘better us’.
Powerful rhyme and sluttish time: A cross-linguistic study of time personification in poetic discourse
Authors: Piata Anna , Pagán Cánovas Cristóbal
Published: February 2017

Despite the exponential growth of metaphor studies in recent decades, personification has nonetheless remained overshadowed by other types of metaphor. Specifically, it has been suggested that not all personifications are equal in that they vary considerably in linguistic, conceptual and communicative terms. In this paper, we argue that personification indeed features cultural diversity and stylistic creativity, yet its expression is underpinned by a shared conceptual structure along the lines of a generic integration template. Drawing on data from poetic discourse, we focus on a particular domain, that of time, and its various personified manifestations in four languages (English, Modern Greek, French and Spanish). We show that time personification is grounded in an Abstract Cause Personification template, in which the cause of an event is mapped onto an agent that performs an action that results in that same event (e.g., ‘cancer killed him’). This causal tautology (that in the case of time amounts to the time is a changer metaphor) can then be further blended with yet another agent, which acts in a more concrete scenario (e.g., ‘Time is a great healer’). In the case of time, in particular, the cross-linguistic evidence we examine points to a generic personified construal that we dub Time the Enemy (cf. Death the Grim Reaper and Eros the Archer).
Narrativity and creativity in oral storytelling: Co-constructing a story with the audience
Authors: Lwin Soe Marlar
Published: February 2017

Drawing on concepts from narratology and stylistics, this article examines narrativity and creativity in an interactive oral storytelling context where the teller engages the audience directly in the storytelling process by calling for their outward responses and then incorporating these responses into her representations of events and characters. I analyse one storytelling performance of a contemporary professional storyteller as an example of interactive storytelling and discuss how she established narrativity and displayed creativity in the process of co-constructing an oral story with an adult audience. Challenges an oral storyteller may face in this process are also discussed.
Securities markets and political securitization: The case of the sovereign debt crisis in the Eurozone
Authors: Langenohl Andreas
Published: February 2017

What were the effects of securities markets’ dynamics on the issue of political securitization, in the sense of the Copenhagen School, in the context of the sovereign debt crisis in the European Monetary Union (EMU)? This article addresses that question in an attempt to bring together the theory of political securitization and the financial securitization of government bonds. In conceptual terms, the article argues that the intervention of securities markets into the securitization of the euro can be understood as a confrontation between two types of validity claims. Securitizing moves, and the response they elicit, together constitute symbolically a political collectivity; this provokes a struggle between the adequate representation of that collectivity and its security concerns. In contrast to this, market communications – in fact, price signals – neither invoke a political collectivity nor can they be semantically refuted. Because of this quality, market signals can amplify or weaken securitizing moves. In the case of the EMU sovereign debt crisis, market communications triggered a privileging of supranational securitizations while impairing national ones.
Strictly business: Critical Theory and the society of rackets
Authors: Granter Edward
Published: February 2017

This article explores the parallels between organized crime – specifically racketeering – and the behaviour of corporate and political actors. It reviews the key literature which has developed around the concept of organized crime as business, and business as organized crime, and discusses the nature of rackets in historical and organizational context. The paper takes as its theoretical inspiration the Frankfurt School’s notion of a racket society, which Writers such as Adorno, Horkheimer and Kirchheimer developed as part of their Critical Theory of society. As such, it builds on a small but developing field of literature which applies theories of the racket society to contemporary contexts. In this case, the paper provides contemporary examples of racket like behaviour at the corporate/political nexus, and highlights the social harms associated with this.
Pragmatic engagement in a low trust supply chain: Beef farmers’ perceptions of power, trust and agency
Authors: Brooks Stephanie , Leaver Adam , Spence Michelle , Elliott Christopher T , Dean Moira
Published: February 2017

The academic discussion of power in supply chains has changed from a discussion of the use of coercive power to one which emphasizes the role of trust in embedding co-operation and disincentivizing opportunism. Whilst a number of empirical studies have suggested the former is alive and well, this paper argues that power relations may also be constituted by the self-perceptions of weaker actors as much as by the explicit actions of more powerful ones. This study explores the role of power through the perceptions of subjugated actors, which set the ‘rules of the game’. Our case centres on perceptions of Northern Irish beef farmers and their reflections on their ‘powerlessness’ in relation to the larger, more consolidated processors that they sell to. We find that the way farmers make sense of the power relations they encounter is influenced by the individuating character of the power relations exercised by the processors, which debilitates their ability to collaborate and resist collectively. What emerges is a story about the process of accommodation whereby farmers pragmatically resign themselves to play by ‘the rules of the game’ to remain ‘part of the game’.
Health Beliefs Related to Salt-Restricted Diet and Associated Factors in Turkish Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Kara Belgüzar
Published: February 2017

Purpose: To examine health beliefs related to salt-restricted diet, to investigate their associations with demographic/disease-related characteristics and family support, and to determine the need for tailored interventions in Turkish patients on hemodialysis. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 patients on hemodialysis. Data were collected through an information form, the Perceived Social Support from Family Scale and the Beliefs about Dietary Compliance Scale, including two subscales: perceived benefits and barriers. Descriptive statistics, Student’s t test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and linear regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The item mean perceived benefit score was higher than the item mean perceived barrier score. Limiting salt intake, family support, and the presence of residual urine output were associated with health beliefs. Conclusions/Implications: The likelihood of adherence to salt-restricted diet was high. A better understanding of health beliefs about salt-restricted diet and their related factors may facilitate the implementation of tailored interventions.
Optimal aero-structural design of an adaptive surface for boundary layer motivation using an auxetic lattice skin
Authors: Garland Michael GC , Santer Matthew J , Morrison Jonathan F
Published: February 2017

The aero-structural design of an adaptive vortex generator for repeatable, elastic, deployment and retraction from an aerodynamically clean surface is presented. A multidisciplinary objective function, containing geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis and large eddy simulation, is used to derive the optimal adaptive geometry for increasing the momentum of the near-wall fluid. It is found that the rapid increase of in-plane membrane stress with deflection is a significant limitation on achievable deformation of a continuous skin with uniform section. Use of a 2D auxetic lattice structure in place of the continuous skin allows for significantly larger deformations and thus a significant improvement in performance. The optimal deformed geometry is replicated statically and the effect on the boundary layer is validated in a wind tunnel experiment. The lattice structure is then manufactured and actuated. The deformed geometry is shown to compare well with the FEA predictions. The surface is re-examined post actuation and shown to return to the initial position, demonstrating the deformation is elastic and hence repeatable.
Applying Psycholinguistic Evidence to the Construction of a New Test of Verbal Memory in Late-Life Cognitive Decline: The Auditory Wordlist Learning Test
Authors: Hessler Johannes Baltasar , Brieber David , Egle Johanna , Mandler Georg , Jahn Thomas
Published: February 2017

The construction of the German Auditory Wordlist Learning Test (AWLT) for the assessment of verbal memory in late-life cognitive decline was guided by psycholinguistic evidence, which indicates that a word’s linguistic characteristics influence its probability of being learned and recalled. The AWLT includes four trials of learning, short and long delayed free recall, and a recognition task. Its words were selected with taking into account their semantic content, orthographic length, frequency in the language, and orthographic neighborhood size (the number of words derived by adding, subtracting, or replacing a single letter at a time). Through this method, it was possible to better control item and test difficulty, improve the similarity between parallel forms, and reduce bias through recall advantages for certain words due to their linguistic characteristics. In two pilot studies with cognitively healthy subjects, the AWLT showed good internal consistency, split-half reliability, and parallel forms reliability and proved able to assess learning, retention, and recognition. Overall, linguistic recall effects were mitigated; however, an advantage for high-frequency words was observed.
Research on chatter stability in milling and parameter optimization based on process damping
Authors: Zhu Lida , Liu Baoguang , Chen Hongyu
Published: February 2017

Cutting stability is the prerequisite to ensure efficient and high-precision machining, resulting in poor surface quality and damaged tool, which is the basis for the optimization of process parameters and improvement of processing efficiency. Aiming at process damping caused by interference between a tool flank face and a machined surface of part, the dynamic model and critical condition of stability is proposed in the paper. The frequency method is applied to solve the stability of the cutting chatter, and the correctness of the model is validated by experiments. Moreover, through orthogonal experiments, regression analysis methodology are adopted to establish a prediction model of surface roughness and finally combined with the study findings on milling stability based on process damping and surface roughness, achieved optimization of the milling parameters by genetic optimization algorithm. This conclusion provides a theoretical foundation and reference for the milling mechanism research.
Characteristics of High- and Low-Efficiency Hospitals
Authors: Rosko Michael , Wong Herbert S. , Mutter Ryan
Published: February 2017

We compared performance, operating characteristics, and market environments of low- and high-efficiency hospitals in the 37 states that supplied inpatient data to the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project from 2006 to 2010. Hospital cost-inefficiency estimates using stochastic frontier analysis were generated. Hospitals were then grouped into the 100 most- and 100 least-efficient hospitals for subsequent analysis. Compared with the least efficient hospitals, high-efficiency hospitals tended to have lower average costs, higher labor productivity, and higher profit margins. The most efficient hospitals tended to be nonteaching, investor-owned, and members of multihospital systems. Hospitals in the high-efficiency group were located in areas with lower health maintenance organization penetration and less competition, and they had a higher share of Medicaid and Medicare admissions. Results of the analysis suggest there are opportunities for public policies to support improved efficiency in the hospital sector.
Looking at Regional Governance Institutions in Other Countries as a Possible Model for U.S. Metropolitan Areas: An Examination of Multipurpose Regional Service Delivery Districts in British Columbia
Authors: Wolman Harold (Hal)
Published: February 2017

General purpose or multipurpose governments at the metropolitan level have proven extremely difficult to create and sustain in the United States. In their absence, a range of institutions have evolved to address problems of regional fragmentation and to promote interlocal cooperation and collaboration. These include single-purpose regional special districts, interlocal contracts and agreements, and voluntary regional organizations of local governments such as councils of government. However, several countries make use of another institutional form, multipurpose special districts, rather than or in addition to single-purpose special districts, as a mechanism for facilitating regional governance and intermunicipal collaboration. This essay examines one example of such an institution: regional districts in British Columbia. It analyzes what accounts for their successful creation and institutionalization and considers whether such an institutional model is potentially adoptable in the United States. It focuses particularly on the perceived reduction in transaction cost for achieving intermunicipal agreements.
The Perils of Rationalism in American Urban Policy
Authors: Imbroscio David
Published: February 2017

A strong and enduring commitment to liberalism marks much of urban policy discourse in the United States. Although this Liberal Urban Policy compares favorably with its neoliberal and neoconservative rivals, it is nevertheless deeply flawed. One particularly serious problem is its strong commitment to rationalism. I offer a critique of this Rationalist Paradigm at the core of Liberal Urban Policy, which is extensively developed along both normative and empirical dimensions. In light of this critique, I conclude by gesturing toward a possible alternative—an Organic Paradigm—that might conceivably serve as a superior foundation for American urban policy in the twenty-first century.
Adult ADHD Is Associated With Gambling Severity and Psychiatric Comorbidity Among Treatment-Seeking Problem Gamblers
Authors: Brandt Laura , Fischer Gabriele
Published: February 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is as follows: (a) exploring retrospective childhood and adult ADHD symptomatology in treatment-seeking gamblers, (b) providing detailed characteristics of the association between pathological gambling (PG) and ADHD, and (c) identifying risk factors for a history of ADHD. Method: Eighty problem gamblers (20% female) were examined using a standardized interview (PG: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [4th ed.; DSM-IV] criteria, Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Survey; ADHD: Wender Utah Rating Scale– deutsche Kurzform, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale; comorbidities: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). Results: Forty-three percentage of patients screened positive for childhood ADHD, and in 11%, ADHD persisted in adulthood. Patients with adult ADHD had more severe gambling problems ( p = .009, d = 1.03) and a higher number of psychiatric comorbidities ( p < .001, d = 1.62) compared with those without ADHD. Substance abuse/dependence constituted a predictor for having a history of ADHD (odds ratio [OR] = 4.07, p = .025). Conclusion: ADHD–PG comorbidity is linked to factors that worsen the prognosis. Thus, screening for ADHD and verifying persistence in adulthood should be an integral component in the interdisciplinary treatment of problem/pathological gamblers.
Individual- and School-Level Factors Related to School-Based Salad Bar Use Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Spruance Lori Andersen , Myers Leann , O’Malley Keelia , Rose Donald , Johnson Carolyn C.
Published: February 2017

Background. Consumption levels of fruits and vegetables (F/V) among children/adolescents are low. Programs like school-based salad bars (SB) provide children/adolescents increased F/V access. Aims. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between SB use and individual and school-level factors among elementary and secondary school students in New Orleans public schools. Method. Twelve schools receiving SB units from the Let’s Move Salad Bars to Schools Campaign participated in this study. Self-reported data were collected from students ( n = 1,012), administrators ( n = 12), and food service staff ( n = 37). School environmental data were obtained through direct observation. Generalized estimating equation regression methods were used to develop a multilevel model including both school-level (e.g., length of lunchtime, SB marketing, vending machines) and individual-level (e.g., sex, food preferences, nutrition knowledge) effects. Results. Female students had higher odds of using the SB compared to males. Students with healthier food preferences had higher odds of using the SB than those who reported less healthy food preferences. Within the multilevel model for all students, only sex and healthy food preferences remained significant. In a multilevel model assessing secondary students only, student encouragement toward others for healthy eating and school-based SB marketing were significantly related to SB use. Conclusions. Little research has examined factors related to school-based SB use. These findings suggest recommendations that may help improve student use of SBs. For example, increasing the promotion of SB, particularly in secondary schools, might encourage their use among students.
Cutpoints for screening blood glucose concentrations in healthy senior cats
Authors: Reeve-Johnson Mia K , Rand Jacquie S , Vankan Dianne , Anderson Stephen T , Marshall Rhett , Morton John M
Published: February 2017

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to determine the reference interval for screening blood glucose in senior cats, to apply this to a population of obese senior cats, to compare screening and fasting blood glucose, to assess whether screening blood glucose is predicted by breed, body weight, body condition score (BCS), behaviour score, fasting blood glucose and/or recent carbohydrate intake and to assess its robustness to changes in methodology.

Methods

The study included a total of 120 clinically healthy client-owned cats aged 8 years and older of varying breeds and BCSs. Blood glucose was measured at the beginning of the consultation from an ear/paw sample using a portable glucose meter calibrated for cats, and again after physical examination from a jugular sample. Fasting blood glucose was measured after overnight hospitalisation and fasting for 18–24 h.

Results

The reference interval upper limit for screening blood glucose was 189 mg/dl (10.5 mmol/l). Mean screening blood glucose was greater than mean fasting glucose. Breed, body weight, BCS, behaviour score, fasting blood glucose concentration and amount of carbohydrate consumed 2–24 h before sampling collectively explained only a small proportion of the variability in screening blood glucose.

Conclusions and relevance

Screening blood glucose measurement represents a simple test, and cats with values from 117–189 mg/dl (6.5–10.5 mmol/l) should be retested several hours later. Cats with initial screening blood glucose >189 mg/dl (10.5 mmol/l), or a second screening blood glucose >116 mg/dl (6.4 mmol/l) several hours after the first, should have fasting glucose and glucose tolerance measured after overnight hospitalisation.
Gendered scenes: conceptualising the negotiation of paid work and child care among performers in film, television and theatre production
Authors: Gregory Sheree , Brigden Cathy
Published: February 2017

The pervasiveness of gender inequality in the media and entertainment industry has become an issue of growing public interest, debate and agitation. Whether it is the gender pay gap, the ongoing presence of the casting couch, the absence of women film directors, the experiences for women and men are strikingly different. Drawing on the findings of a case study of how performers manage care and precarious paid work in film, television and theatre production in Australia, this article provides a context in which work and care regimes can be analysed. Individualised negotiations with agents and producers are buttressed by individualised arrangements with family and extended networks to accommodate complex and changing needs. Despite high unionisation among performers, the key finding is that the overwhelming tendency was to deal with issues individually or as a couple, without reference to the union or through collective avenues.
One turn … and now another one: Do the turn to practice and the turn to affect have something in common?
Authors: Gherardi Silvia
Published: February 2017

The turn to practice has been prominent in the community of Management Learning and still occupies an important place in the debate that approaches practice from the standpoint of learning and knowing. On considering how the turn to practice contributes to the ongoing conversation on post-epistemologies, one notes a convergence with another ‘turn’. The turn to affect started more or less in the same years as the turn to practice, but the conversation between the two has not yet been fully articulated. I argue that both share a concern for (1) a relational epistemology, (2) the body and (3) sociomateriality. To show how they may interact, three vignettes are presented to illustrate their commonalities and how they try to produce in the reader an affective reaction. This article is also the outcome of an experimentation conducted with a visual writer during the Organizational Learning, Knowledge and Capabilities conference in Milan, and it proposes a reflection on the limits of representationalism.
Learning at the museum
Authors: Brida Juan Gabriel , Nogare Chiara Dalle , Scuderi Raffaele
Published: February 2017

Museum attendance is often seen as a chance for visitors to learn and thus increase their cultural capital. However, a share of the visitors may decide to attend museums for reasons other than cultural capital accumulation. This article investigates whether learning process takes place also in the case of tourists whose main motivation for the visit is recreational. Different attitudes towards cultural consumption may have a role in explaining visit length, seen as a proxy for learning. We present an empirical analysis of the determinants of both willingness to stay and actual length of stay at a museum. Evidence is based on a survey of tourists visiting the Italian museum of Vittoriale. Generalized ordered logit under partial proportional odds assumption and Cox proportional hazard models are used to assess the role of the covariates. A set of economic, socio-demographic, trip-related and psychographic controls is tested, with particular emphasis on motivation.
An event-level examination of successful condom negotiation strategies among young women
Authors: Peasant Courtney , Montanaro Erika A , Kershaw Trace S , Parra Gilbert R , Weiss Nicole H , Meyer Jaimie P , Murphy James G , Ritchwood Tiarney D , Sullivan Tami P
Published: February 2017

This study examines the effect of condom negotiation strategies on condom use and partner type and substance use before sex as moderators of strategy effectiveness. Women reported their daily sexual behavior during the last month. Withholding sex was more strongly associated with condom use when utilized with a non-casual sex partner. Directly requesting condom use was more strongly and using deceptive reasons to influence condom use was less strongly related to condom use during substance use. Results underscore the importance of understanding the contexts in which condom negotiation strategies are successful in order to improve HIV/sexually transmitted infection prevention efforts among women.
Collaborative approach to mentoring in the tourism sector: Embracing new partners to enhance an industry programme
Authors: Sharples Liz , Marcon-Clarke Gaby
Published: February 2017

This study considers the impact of a new mentoring scheme within the UK tourism sector. To broaden the portfolio of expertise within this programme, launched by the trade’s professional newspaper the Travel Trade Gazette, an academic was selected as a mentor alongside senior travel professionals and business leaders. The key findings show that embracing specialists who work indirectly within the field can add depth and a new focus to mentoring within the tourism business. Therefore, it is hoped when developing future mentoring schemes including practitioners, who are linked to the sector, but not directly involved, can be a valid option to those working in the business.
‘It Brings it all Back, all those Good Times; it Makes Me Go Close to Tears’. Creating Digital Personalised Stories with People who have Dementia
Authors: Critten Valerie , Kucirkova Natalia
Published: February 2017

The purpose of these three case studies was to analyse and theoretically explain the contribution of digital multimedia personalisation to stimulate and share long-term memories of people who live with mild to moderate dementia. We investigated how the use of a freely available iPad app can, in a supporting context, facilitate the creation of personalised multimedia stories, including the participants’ audio recordings, texts and photos of items, places or people important to them. Three people who were recruited from a club for people living with dementia created personalised multimedia stories using their own photographs and/or pictures downloaded from the internet, with written captions and audio-recorded voiceovers. Our analysis focuses on the themes and symbols across the three final stories of the participants and the process of creating stories with the Our Story iPad app. The discussion concerns the theoretical value of multimedia and the practical value of story-making apps for people with dementia. We conclude that the multimedia features available with the Our Story app offer a unique opportunity for people living with dementia to store, access and generate memories, capture them in writing and audio; and the ability to continue adding to the original stories.