bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIGURE 4 from A Druggable FOXA1-Glucocorticoid Receptor Transcriptional Axis Drives Tumor Growth in a Subset of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Dorso M. , Patel Payal T. , Pankov Aleksandr , Boyer Jacob A. , Soni Rajesh K. , Del Priore Isabella S. , Hayatt Omar , Kulick Amanda , Hagen Connor J. , de Stanchina Elisa , Junttila Melissa R. , Daemen Anneleen , Friedman Lori S. , Hendrickson Ronald C. , Chandarlapaty Sarat
Published: September 2023

Growth promoting functions of GR in FOXA1/GR-dependent NSCLC can be inhibited by ORIC-101. A, Chemical structures of steroidal GR antagonist, ORIC-101 and non-steroidal GR antagonist, OP-4954. Proliferation of H441 and H3255 cells cultured in normal media and treated with indicated concentrations of ORIC-101 (B) or OP-4954 (C). Datapoints are Resazurin fluorescence normalized to DMSO treated cells, means ± SD, n = 6. D, Measurement of luciferase activity driven by glucocorticoid response element promoter in 293T cells cultured in charcoal-stripped media. Cells were treated with vehicle, 100 nmol/L dexamethasone, or 100 nmol/L dexamethasone plus indicated concentrations of ORIC-101 or OP-4954 for 24 hours. Data are shown as means ± SD of three biologically independent replicates. E, mRNA levels over a 24-hour period of indicated FOXA1/GR targets in H441 cells cultured in normal serum-containing media and treated with 10 μmol/L of ORIC-101 (black) or OP-4954 (pink). Values represent fold change in expression relative to 0 hour. (no treatment) condition from three replicates ± SEM. F, Immunoblots of FOXA1/GR targets and signaling pathways downstream of targets in H441 cells treated with 10 μmol/L of ORIC-101 or OP-4954. G, Cell-cycle distribution of H441 cells treated for 24 hours with DMSO or 10 μmol/L ORIC-101 or DMSO or 10 μmol/L OP-4954 as measured by DNA content using FACS, plotted as % cells in G1, S, and G2–M phases. Data are means ± SD of three independent biological repeats. P value calculated by two-tailed Student t test. H, Growth of H441 xenograft tumors treated with vehicle, 75 or 150 mg/kg daily. N = 8 mice/group, data are means ± SEM. P value calculated by two-tailed Student t test.
FIGURE 3 from A Druggable FOXA1-Glucocorticoid Receptor Transcriptional Axis Drives Tumor Growth in a Subset of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Dorso M. , Patel Payal T. , Pankov Aleksandr , Boyer Jacob A. , Soni Rajesh K. , Del Priore Isabella S. , Hayatt Omar , Kulick Amanda , Hagen Connor J. , de Stanchina Elisa , Junttila Melissa R. , Daemen Anneleen , Friedman Lori S. , Hendrickson Ronald C. , Chandarlapaty Sarat
Published: September 2023

FOXA1 and GR regulate the expression of targets involved in growth factor receptor activation and cell-cycle progression. A, Venn diagram depicting overlap in FOXA1 binding events following vehicle or dexamethasone stimulation and GR binding events following dexamethasone stimulation in H441 cells. B, GSEA of 789 genes bearing FOXA1 and GR overlapping binding events. C, IGV browser views for GR ChIP-seq (black) and FOXA1 ChIP-seq (pink) in H441 cells cultured in full serum media and treated with vehicle or 100 nmol/L dexamethasone for 30 minutes as indicated. Tracks shown are combined peaks from two independent replicates. D, ChIP-qPCR analysis of GR, FOXA1, and IgG following 30 minutes of indicated treatment. Rabbit isotype IgG was used as a negative control. Values correspond to mean percentage of input chromatin ± SEM of duplicate qPCR reactions. E, Motif analysis at FOXA1 and GR binding regions in indicated treatment conditions. F, Immunoblots of FOXA1, GR, and β-Actin in H441 cells expressing inducible shRNAs targeting FOXA1, GR, or FOXA1 and GR, treated with 1 μg/mL doxycycline for 48 hours. G, mRNA levels of FOXA1, NR3C1 (GR), and FOXA1/GR targets following treatment with 1 μg/mL doxycycline for 72 hours. Fold change in mRNA is normalized to 0 hour. CT values for each cell line. Values correspond to mean of three replicates ± SD.
Data from Blood Leukocyte AHRR Methylation and Risk of Non–smoking-associated Cancer: A Case-cohort Study of Non–Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Dahl Christina , Hvidtfeldt Ulla A. , Tjønneland Anne , Guldberg Per , Raaschou-Nielsen Ole
Published: September 2023

Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) hypomethylation in peripheral blood is tightly linked with tobacco smoking and lung cancer. Here, we investigated AHRR methylation in non–Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), a non–smoking-associated cancer. In a case-cohort study within the population-based Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, we measured AHRR (cg23576855) methylation in prediagnostic blood from 161 participants who developed NHL within 13.4 years of follow-up (median: 8.5 years), with a comparison group of 164 randomly chosen participants. We measured DNA-methylation levels using bisulfite pyrosequencing and estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for baseline age, sex, educational level, smoking status, body mass index, alcohol intake, physical activity, and diet score. Global DNA-methylation levels were assessed by long interspersed nucleotide element 1 (LINE-1) analysis. Overall, the IRR for AHRR hypomethylation (lowest vs. other quartiles) was 2.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24–5.15]. When stratified according to time between blood draw and diagnosis, low AHRR methylation levels were associated with a future diagnosis of NHL [IRR: 4.50 (95% CI, 1.62–12.50) at 0–<5 years, 7.04 (95% CI, 2.36–21.02) at 5–<10 years, and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.21–1.45) at ≥10 years]. There was no association between global DNA-methylation levels and risk of NHL. Our results show that AHRR hypomethylation in blood leukocytes is associated with a higher risk of NHL in a time-dependent manner, suggesting that it occurs as a response to tumor development.
Significance:
Our population-based study demonstrated that lower AHRR methylation levels in peripheral blood leukocytes were associated with an increased risk of NHL. This association was independent of tobacco smoking, sex, and lifestyle characteristics, but was highly dependent on time to diagnosis. These findings highlight the potential of AHRR methylation as a biomarker for NHL risk, effective up to 10 years after blood draw.
Cervical Varix Associated with Placenta Previa: A Case Report
Authors: Fernandes Shalini , Nikhat Fareeda , Bahutair Shadha Nasser , Mahgoub Faiza Badawi , Alhubaishi Laila Yahya
Published: September 2023

Uterine cervical varix is a rare finding during pregnancy, and it can cause significant bleeding during pregnancy. We present here a case report of cervical varix coexisting with placenta previa. In this case report, we describe the clinical course, diagnosis, and follow-up of a 33-year-old woman at 31 weeks of gestation with placenta previa complicated by cervical varix, when she presented for the first time with antepartum hemorrhage. Speculum examination, followed by transvaginal ultrasonography with color Doppler, confirmed the diagnosis of huge cervical varices. A healthy baby was successfully delivered at 36 weeks of gestation by cesarean section. Clinicians should be aware of this entity, to avoid misdiagnosis and be vigilant to prevent maternal morbidity.
Esophageal Stenting: How I Do It
Authors: Silva Rui
Published: September 2023

Endoscopic esophageal stent placement is an effective palliative treatment for malignant strictures and has also been successfully used for benign indications, including esophageal refractory strictures and iatrogenic leaks and perforations. Despite several decades of evolution and the wide variety of esophageal stents available to choose from, an ideal stent that is both effective and without adverse events such as stent migration, tissue ingrowth, or pressure necrosis has yet to be developed. This paper is an overview of how this evolution happened, and it also addresses the characteristics of some of the currently available stents, like their material and construction, delivery device, radial and axial force pattern, covering and size which may help to understand and avoid the occurrence of adverse events. The insertion delivery systems and techniques of placement of an esophageal self-expandable metal stent are reviewed, as well as some tips and tricks regarding placement and management of adverse events.
Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Aneurysm in a Chinese Pediatric Population with Kawasaki Disease at Low Risk of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Resistance: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Jie , Su Danyan , Yuan Piaoliu , Ye Bingbing , Qin Suyuan , Pang Yusheng
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Multiple scoring systems for predicting intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance have been developed. Although low-scoring patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) have a favorable prognosis, many develop coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). Herein, we determined the risk factors for CAA development among patients with KD with low risk of IVIG resistance. Methods: We compared 14 scoring systems for predicting IVIG resistance among patients with KD hospitalized from 2003 to 2022. Patients were risk stratified using an optimal scoring system. Association between baseline characteristics and CAA development was assessed within the low-risk group. Results: Overall, 664 pediatric patients with KD were included; 108 (16.3%) had IVIG resistance, and the Liping scoring system had the highest area under the curve (0.714). According to this system, 444 (66.9%) patients with KD were classified as having low risk of developing IVIG resistance (<5 points). CAA development was significantly associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.946; 95% CI: 1.015–3.730), age <6 months at fever onset (OR, 3.142; 95% CI: 1.028–9.608), and a baseline maximum Z score of ≥2.72 (OR, 3.451; 95% CI: 2.582–4.612). CAA incidence increased with the number of risk factors, and comparisons with a Kobayashi score of <5 points among patients with KD revealed similar results. Conclusions: Predicting the response to IVIG might help further reduce CAA development in patients with KD.
The Impacts of Heat Waves on Hospital Admissions and Mortality in the Fethiye Province of Turkey
Authors: Ozturk Yunus , Baltaci Hakki , Akkoyunlu Bülent Oktay
Published: September 2023

tHeat waves (HWs) are one of the most important atmospheric events that negatively affect human health. In this study, HWs which occurred between May 1 and September 30, 2019 in Fethiye Province (SW Turkey) were investigated for their effects on human health. For this purpose, as a first step, percentile-based threshold criteria and at least three consecutive days’ methodology were applied to the daily maximum temperatures to identify HWs. Using these criteria, a total of 3 HWs (HW 1, HW 2, and HW 3) with lengths of 6, 7, and 5 days, respectively, were found in 2019. In statistical analyses, hospital data recorded on HW days (including the 3 lag days) on reference days were compared using the logarithmic Z test method. Hospital data between May 1 and September 30 in the 5 years between 2014 and 2018 were used as reference data. As a result, in the 3 HWs that occurred in 2019, the risk ratios (RRs) and their confidence intervals in HW 1, HW 2, and HW 3 at hospital admissions were 1.09 (95% CI: 1.06–1.12), 1.11 (95% CI: 1.08–1.14), and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.09–1.16), (p < 0.05), respectively. When the effect of HW on death was examined, the RR values and confidence intervals in HW 1, HW 2, and HW 3 were 1.90 (95% CI: 1.04–3.46), 1.96 (95% CI: 1.03–3.75), and 2.18 (95% CI: 1.13–4.20), (p < 0.005), respectively. As a result, it was found that a total of 22 extra deaths occurred when three HWs were recorded in 2019. When the deaths were analysed by age, it was seen that the most affected group was the elderly (≥65 years), accounting for 82% of deaths. It was determined that 64% of the deaths were male, and 36% were female. These results show that HWs in Fethiye are an important natural disaster that negatively affects human health.
A Systematic Literature Review to Identify Patient Registries in Portugal
Authors: Pedrosa Hugo , Pereira Fábio , Carrilho Magda , Martins Catarina , Martins Ricardo , Cruz Pedro
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Patient registries are one of the main sources of real-world data (RWD), which enables different healthcare stakeholders to analyse and benchmark clinical practice and foster better care. Despite the growing need for RWD, the current use of patient registries in Portugal is not fully understood. This study aimed to identify and provide an overview of patient registries in Portugal. Methods: Registries identification included a systematic literature review (SLR) using PRISMA© methodology. An electronic search was conducted in Embase®, MEDLINE©, and Cochrane Ovid® software, considering a set of rules and relevant search terms. Patient registries and databases, hospital, primary healthcare, and population-based studies between January 1955 and March 2021 were considered while randomized controlled trials and transversal observational studies were excluded. A manual review for validation was performed to identify unique registries. To complement SLR, an additional hand search was conducted using the Google® search engine. A literature and website search was conducted to provide an overview of the registries identified. Results: From the 108 unique registries, 76 (70%) were classified as national and 32 (30%) as international (with data collected from the Portuguese population). Most national registries were found to be owned by medical societies and health authorities (88%) and are predominantly implemented in hospitals (82%). National registries cover 18 different medical specialities, mostly Cardiology and Oncology. Discussion: This study identified and provided an overview of the registries collecting data from the Portuguese population. The study results aim to improve the information available to promote the increased utility of RWD at both national and international levels. In the future, an easy-access and centralized repository, aggregating all patient registries, should be created in Portugal to disseminate information. Additionally, an in-depth characterization of the 76 national registries must be performed to better understand and clarify their potential and usefulness.
Diversity of Megakaryocytes
Authors: Puhm Florian , Laroche Audrée , Boilard Eric
Published: September 2023

Megakaryocytes are commonly known as large, polyploid, bone marrow resident cells that contribute to hemostasis through the production of platelets. Soon after their discovery in the 19th century, megakaryocytes were described in tissue locations other than the bone marrow, specifically in the lungs and the blood circulation. However, the localization of megakaryocytes in the lungs and the contribution of lung megakaryocytes to the general platelet pool has only recently been appreciated. Moreover, the conception of megakaryocytes as uniform cells with the sole purpose of platelet production has been challenged. Here, we review the literature on megakaryocyte cell identity and location with a special focus on recent observations of megakaryocyte subpopulations identified by transcriptomic analyses.
Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signatures in Ischemic Muscle Satellite Cells Affected by Peripheral Artery Disease—Brief Report
Authors: Tran Lillian , Xie Bowen , Assaf Edwyn , Ferrari Ricardo , Pipinos Iraklis I. , Casale George P. , Mota Alvidrez Roberto Ivan , Watkins Simon , Sachdev Ulka
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

We hypothesized that transcriptomic profiling of muscle satellite cells in peripheral artery disease (PAD) would identify damage-related pathways contributing to skeletal muscle myopathy. We identified a potential role for ferroptosis—a form of programmed lytic cell death by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation—as one such pathway. Ferroptosis promotes myopathy in ischemic cardiac muscle but has an unknown role in PAD.

METHODS:

Muscle satellite cells from donors with PAD were obtained during surgery. cDNA libraries were processed for single-cell RNA sequencing using the 10X Genomics platform. Protein expression was confirmed based on pathways inferred by transcriptomic analysis.

RESULTS:

Unsupervised cluster analysis of over 25 000 cells aggregated from 8 donor samples yielded distinct cell populations grouped by a shared unique transcriptional fingerprint. Quiescent cells were diminished in ischemic muscle while myofibroblasts and apoptotic cells were prominent. Differential gene expression demonstrated a surprising increase in genes associated with iron transport and oxidative stress and a decrease in GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) in ischemic PAD-derived cells. Release of the danger signal HMGB1 (high mobility group box-1) correlated with ferroptotic markers including surface transferrin receptor and were higher in ischemia. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation in muscle satellite cells was modulated by ferrostatin, a ferroptosis inhibitor. Histology confirmed iron deposition and lipofuscin, an inducer of ferroptosis in PAD-affected muscle.

CONCLUSIONS:

This report presents a novel finding that genes known to be involved in ferroptosis are differentially expressed in human skeletal muscle affected by PAD. Targeting ferroptosis may be a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce PAD myopathy.
Oxidized Phospholipid oxPAPC Alters Regulatory T-Cell Differentiation and Decreases Their Protective Function in Atherosclerosis in Mice
Authors: Appleton Brenna D. , Palmer Sydney A. , Smith Harrison P. , Stephens Lilly E. , Major Amy S.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Regulatory T cells (T
regs
) are protective in atherosclerosis but reduced during disease progression due to cell death and loss of stability. However, the mechanisms of T
reg
dysfunction remain unknown. Oxidized phospholipids are abundant in atherosclerosis and can activate innate immune cells, but little is known regarding their impact on T cells. Given T
reg
loss during atherosclerosis progression and oxidized phospholipid levels in the plaque microenvironment, we investigated whether oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (oxPAPC), an oxidized phospholipid associated with atherosclerotic plaques, alters T
reg
differentiation and function.

METHODS:

CD4
+
T cells were polarized to T
reg
, T helper (Th) 1, and Th17 cells with or without oxPAPC and assessed by flow cytometry. Gene expression in oxPAPC-treated T
regs
was analyzed by bulk RNA sequencing. Functional studies of oxPAPC-induced T
regs
were performed by coculturing T
regs
with CellTrace Violet–labeled cells in vitro, and by adoptively transferring T
regs
to hyperlipidemic
Ldlr

−/−

mice to measure atherosclerosis progression.

RESULTS:

Compared with controls, oxPAPC-treated T
regs
were less viable, but surviving cells expressed higher levels of the Th1-associated markers T-bet, CXCR3, and IFN (interferon)-γ. Th1 and Th17 skewing cultures were unaltered by oxPAPC. IFN-γ is linked to T
reg
instability, thus T
reg
polarization experiments were repeated using
Ifngr1

−/−

CD4
+
T cells. IFNγR1 (INF gamma receptor 1) deficiency did not improve cell viability in oxPAPC-treated T
regs
; however, T-bet and IFN-γ expression was not increased in surviving cells suggesting a role for IFN-γsignaling. OxPAPC-treated T
regs
were less suppressive in vitro, and adoptive transfer studies in hyperlipidemic
Ldlr

−/−

mice showed that oxPAPC-induced T
regs
possessed altered tissue homing and were insufficient to inhibit atherosclerosis progression.

CONCLUSIONS:

OxPAPC elicits T
reg
-specific changes altering T
reg
differentiation and inducing a Th1-like phenotype in surviving cells partially through IFN-γ signaling. This is biologically relevant as oxPAPC-treated T
regs
do not reduce atherosclerosis progression in
Ldlr

−/−

mice. This study supports the role of oxidized phospholipids in negatively impacting T
reg
differentiation and atheroprotective function.
High-Soluble-Fiber Diet Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Vascular Remodeling and the Development of Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Pakhomov Nikolai V. , Kostyunina Daria S. , Macori Guerrino , Dillon Eugene , Brady Tara , Sundaramoorthy Geetha , Connolly Claire , Blanco Alfonso , Fanning Séamus , Brennan Lorraine , McLoughlin Paul , Baugh John A.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is a difficult disease to manage that is characterized by sustained elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure due to vasoconstriction, perivascular inflammation, and vascular remodeling. Consumption of soluble-fiber is associated with lower systemic blood pressure, but little is known about its ability to affect the pulmonary circulation.

METHODS:

Mice were fed either a low- or high-soluble-fiber diet (0% or 16.9% inulin) and then exposed to hypoxia (FiO
2
, 0.10) for 21 days to induce pulmonary hypertension. The impact of diet on right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance was determined in vivo or in ex vivo isolated lungs, respectively, and correlated with alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome, plasma metabolome, pulmonary inflammatory cell phenotype, and lung proteome.

RESULTS:

High-soluble-fiber diet increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, with parallel increases in plasma propionate levels, and reduced the abundance of disease-related bacterial genera such as
Staphylococcus
,
Clostridioides
, and
Streptococcus
in hypoxic mice with parallel decreases in plasma levels of p-cresol sulfate. High-soluble-fiber diet decreased hypoxia-induced elevations of right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. These changes were associated with reduced proportions of interstitial macrophages, dendritic cells, and nonclassical monocytes. Whole-lung proteomics revealed proteins and molecular pathways that may explain the effect of soluble-fiber supplementation.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study demonstrates for the first time that a high-soluble-fiber diet attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and the development of pulmonary hypertension in a mouse model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and highlights diet-derived metabolites that may have an immuno-modulatory role in the lung.
Determinants and Temporal Trends of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Mild Noncardioembolic Stroke
Authors: Del Brutto Victor J. , Yin Ruijie , Gardener Hannah , Ying Hao , Gutierrez Carolina M. , Jameson Angus M. , Rose David Z. , Alkhachroum Ayham , Foster Dianne , Dong Chuanhui , Ancheta Selina , Sur Nicole B. , Gordon Perue Gillian , Rundek Tatjana , Asdaghi Negar , Sacco Ralph L. , Romano Jose G.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Short-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) reduces early stroke recurrence after mild noncardioembolic ischemic stroke (NCIS). We aim to evaluate temporal trends and determinants of DAPT prescription after mild NCIS in the Florida Stroke Registry, a statewide registry across Get With The Guidelines-Stroke participating hospitals.

METHODS:

In this cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study, we included patients with mild NCIS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤3) who were potentially eligible for DAPT across 168 Florida Stroke Registry participating hospitals between January 2010 and September 2022. Using antiplatelet prescription as the dependent variable (DAPT versus single antiplatelet therapy), we fit logistic regression models adjusted for patient-related factors, hospital-related factors, clinical presentation, vascular risk factors, and ischemic stroke subtype, to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CIs.

RESULTS:

From 283 264 Florida Stroke Registry ischemic stroke patients during the study period, 109 655 NCIS were considered eligible. Among these, 37 058 patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >3 were excluded, resulting in a sample of 72 597 mild NCIS (mean age 68±14 years; female 47.3%). Overall, 24 693 (34.0%) patients with mild NCIS were discharged on DAPT and 47 904 (66.0%) on single antiplatelet therapy. DAPT prescription increased from 25.7% in 2010 to 52.8% in 2022 (
β
/year 2.5% [95% CI, 1.5%–3.4%]). Factors associated with DAPT prescription were premorbid antiplatelet therapy (aOR, 4.66 [95% CI, 2.20–9.88]), large-artery atherosclerosis (aOR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.43–1.97]), diabetes (aOR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.13–1.47]), and hyperlipidemia (aOR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.10–1.39]), whereas female sex (aOR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.75–0.93]), being non-Hispanic Black patients (compared with non-Hispanic White patients; aOR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.68–0.90]), admission to a Thrombectomy-capable Stroke Center (compared with Comprehensive Stroke Center; aOR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66–0.92]), time-to-presentation 1 to 7 days from last seen well (compared with <24 h; aOR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.76–0.96]), and small-vessel disease stroke (aOR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.72–0.94]) were associated with not receiving DAPT at discharge.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite a temporal trend increase in DAPT prescription after mild NCIS, we found substantial underutilization of evidence-based DAPT associated with significant disparities in stroke care.
Neurovascular Inflammation and Complications of Thrombolysis Therapy in Stroke
Authors: Liu Qiang , Shi Kaibin , Wang Yongjun , Shi Fu-Dong
Published: September 2023

Intravenous thrombolysis via tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) is the only approved pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but its benefits are limited by hemorrhagic transformation. Emerging evidence reveals that tPA swiftly mobilizes immune cells which extravasate into the brain parenchyma via the cerebral vasculature, augmenting neurovascular inflammation, and tissue injury. In this review, we summarize the pronounced alterations of immune cells induced by tPA in patients with stroke and experimental stroke models. We argue that neuroinflammation, triggered by ischemia-induced cell death and exacerbated by tPA, compromises neurovascular integrity and the microcirculation, leading to hemorrhagic transformation. Finally, we discuss current and future approaches to attenuate thrombolysis-associated hemorrhagic transformation via uncoupling immune cells from the neurovascular unit.
Sustainability Hermeneutics
Authors: Nilsen Tina Dykesteen
Published: September 2023

Ecological issues are not just planet-related issues; they are also people-related issues, and vice versa, as the UN’s 2030 Agenda implies. Hence, ecological aspects in biblical studies should also be studied in relation to social justice, whether this be liberation from oppression, indigenous rights, postcolonialism/neo-colonialism, gender, health, poverty or other. I propose sustainability hermeneutics as the name of an approach which combines perspectives on the environment (ecology), equity (society) and economy. In this article, I emphasise theoretical aspects in developing this new approach, as I discuss different definitions of sustainability and aspects of sustainability theory and show how these may be applied to hermeneutics. I clarify the aims and contributions of sustainability hermeneutics and suggest possible methods and potential material. As an illustration, I present a case study of sustainability hermeneutics applied to a biblical text.
The Glory Jest and Riddle: Jonathan Z. Smith and an Aesthetic of Impossibles
Authors: Gill Sam
Published: September 2023

The late Jonathan Z. Smith was a central influence in the development of a study of religion on a par with the social and even natural sciences. This article reexamines Smith’s legacy for the inspiration to build a proper academic study of religion. It looks to Smith’s common use of jokes and riddles, grounded in his early studies of Frazer’s The Golden Bough, in order to tease out not simply stylistic or methodological concerns, but fundamental philosophical shapings of religion theory. I develop a presentation of this position in what is termed an aesthetic of impossibles, the distinctively human capacity of considering things as equal or identical knowing full well that they are not and doing so without any necessity for reconciliation. This aesthetic is examined and illustrated in a consideration of Smith’s views of comparison and mapping. In an extended discussion, it is also considered in terms of human self-moving as the marker of vitality, established in both philosophy and biology.
Crystal Shops and Shopping for Crystals in Estonia: Materiality and Experience as Sources of Value
Authors: Teidearu Tenno
Published: September 2023

This article concentrates on crystal shops and shopping for crystals in Estonia. Consumption and commerce are inherent parts of New Spirituality. Crystals became the most salient commodities in esoteric shops during the 2010s, most of the shops having become “crystal shops” in Estonia. The aim of this article is to analyze the meaning-making potential of the materiality of crystals in shopping, and the material and sensuous aspects of crystal shops. From the perspective of material culture and consumption studies, this case study proposes that crystals are valuable in shopping primarily because of their materiality as a source of meaning and experience. In choosing crystals, people follow their material form and material qualities instead of a textual description of their supportive effects. Crystal shops are generally described as therapeutic places, however as an “experiencescape” they are strictly sensuous and material places.
Handling and Photographing Fossils
Authors: Ceccarelli David
Published: September 2023

Paleontological iconography has come under considerable scrutiny in the recent years. In particular, historians have analyzed the impact of photography on paleontological illustration, with authors often coming to different conclusions. The present article aims at showing that visual alteration has long represented a fundamental tool of scientific inquiry in paleontological photography. During the 1900s–1960s period, paleontologists, photographers and other practitioners developed several techniques to handle fossils and fossil pictures in order to bring out phenotypic characteristics useful for taxonomic determination. The article will examine two major case-studies: photographic retouching and the so-called “coating” techniques, with specific regard to the ammonium chloride and magnesium oxide methods for whitening fossils.
Masculinity Challenged?
Authors: Lecaros Véronique , Asenjo Alvarado Samuel
Published: September 2023

This article aims to present some of the results of our investigation on prisoners’ conversion into Evangelical churches, amongst (ex)convicts in Piura, a Peruvian Northern city and in Lima. Our objective is to research highly debated and understudied topics about this type of process of conversion: whether it is an individual process or a strategy to gain protection from the church in a dangerous surrounding (Algranti)? Which changes do (ex)convicts undergo through conversion, especially in ways of enacting virile masculinity, a very important feature of gang members and of Evangelical churches? Many (ex)convicts’ religious careers oscillate between extremes, from delinquency to strict church discipline, until some of them may stabilize. We argue that in spite of conversion and apparent changes in behaviors, the social religious imaginary (Morello), especially in terms of ideals of masculinity, remains almost unchanged, based on relations of power, fights and domination. (Ex)convicts pass from a “perverse” version of masculinity to a “virtuous” one (Fuller). For them, the ideal of femininity remains rooted in submissive women.
Let’s Talk about Gender
Authors: Vliek Maria
Published: September 2023

Within Europe, gender and Islam have a complex and often polarised discursive history. Whilst some find only repression of women in patriarchal and religious structures, others hail Islam as the birthplace of emancipation. This article explores the experiences of women who have moved out of Islam in both the Netherlands and the UK and finds that many navigate in between these narratives of suppression and liberation. The aim of this article is twofold: based on 22 life-history interviews, it firstly explores gendered experiences whilst growing up (from personal experienced inequality to observing theological or legislative problems), which may have led to various degrees of doubt or distress. It further unpacks gendered embodied experiences, such as veiling, modesty or mosque attendance as having relative importance when moving out of Islam. Secondly, this article elaborates on how these women position themselves, within religious and secular expectations of what it means to be a former Muslim woman. It explores their positionality in a polarised debate: how did they relate to the discourses of suppression and liberation, from either secular(ised) or religious environs?
“Islam Is My Washing Line”
Authors: van Nieuwkerk Karin
Published: September 2023

Although conversion is an ongoing religious journey, it is rarely studied as such. This article provides a longitudinal study of conversion to Islam by Dutch women. People who recently convert might firmly hold on to their new convictions, not providing space for doubts and uncertainty, whereas studying the long-term process also gives insights into moments of weak belief, doubts, and ambivalence, or growing faith and spirituality. Not only these internal contestations are important to examine, also the context of the conversion narrative can change over time. Conversion is a contested issue, yet which aspects of the conversion are contested can shift due to societal debates on Islam. This article conceptualizes the conversion experience as a contextual narrative of the ongoing religious transformation of the ‘self’ in relation to different ‘others’ over time.
Reinstatement of Kalanchoe stearnii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; K. subg. Kalanchoe), a small-growing, rotundifolioid species, likely from southern Africa
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: September 2023

Following the recent refinement of the circumscription of Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), K. stearnii is here reinstated as an accepted species. Kalanchoe stearnii is separated from K. rotundifolia, from which it differs by having shiny, light green, narrowly obovate leaves, and the adaxial corolla lobe surface that is yellow, while plants of K. rotundifolia are glaucous to dull light yellowish green, with the adaxial corolla lobe surface dull red to orange.
Molecular and acoustic evidence support the species status of Anthus rubescens rubescens and Anthus [rubescens] japonicus (Passeriformes: Motacillidae)
Authors: DONIOL-VALCROZE PAUL , COIFFARD PAUL , ALSTRÖM PER , ROBB MAGNUS , DUFOUR PAUL , CROCHET PIERRE-ANDRÉ
Published: September 2023

The Buff-bellied Pipit Anthus rubescens comprises two allopatric subspecies groups: A. r. rubescens and A. r. alticola in North America and A. [r.] japonicus in north-east Asia. Despite their great morphological resemblance in breeding plumage, most individuals can be assigned to one or the other subspecies group in non-breeding plumage. Allopatric distributions, morphological differentiation and previously reported molecular divergence suggested the need for additional taxonomic study to assess the rank of these two populations. To resolve the taxonomy of the Buff-bellied Pipit species complex we analysed i) two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) loci and ii) nine bioacoustic parameters across 69 sound recordings (338 flight calls) recovered from public databases using principal component analysis and Euclidean distance measures. By comparing our mtDNA and call divergence measures with similar values measured between long-recognised species pairs of the genus, we show that the level of mitochondrial and acoustic divergence between the two Buff-bellied Pipit subspecies groups is typical of species-level divergence in the genus Anthus. Therefore, we recommend splitting the Buff-bellied Pipit species complex into two species: Anthus rubescens (American Pipit) and Anthus japonicus (Siberian Pipit). Our results also suggest that the Water Pipit A. spinoletta deserves taxonomic reassessment as its lineages are highly divergent in acoustics and mtDNA, while mtDNA relationships suggest paraphyly relative to the Rock Pipit A. petrosus. Our work highlights the crucial importance of integrative approaches in taxonomy and the usefulness of bioacoustics in studying cryptic diversity.
On the Physics of High CAPE
Authors: Emanuel Kerry
Published: September 2023

Large values of convective available potential energy (CAPE) are an important ingredient for many severe convective storms, yet there has been comparatively little research on how, physically, such large values arise or why they take on the observed values and climatology. Here we build on recently published observational and theoretical work to construct a simple, one-dimensional coupled soil–atmosphere model of preconvective boundary layer growth, driven by a single diurnal cycle of prescribed net surface radiation. Based on this model and previously published research, we suggest that high CAPE (>∼1000 J kg−1) results when air masses that have been significantly modified by passage over dry, lightly vegetated soils are advected over moist and/or moderately vegetated soils and then exposed to surface solar heating. Several diurnal cycles may be needed to raise the moist static energy of the boundary layer to levels consistent with high CAPE. The production of CAPE and erosion of convective inhibition (CIN) are strongly affected by the potential temperature of the desert-modified air mass, the level of near-surface soil moisture (and root-zone soil moisture if significant vegetation is present), the type of soil, and the characteristics of the vegetation. Consequently, CAPE production and severe convective weather may be significantly affected by regional-scale land-use changes and by climate change.

Significance Statement

The energy available for severe convective storms depends strongly on the properties of the underlying soil and vegetation and the temperature of air masses formed over dry terrain upstream. This implies that the severity of convective storms can be strongly affected by changes in land use and by climate change.
Enhancing tire tread performance with combined nano and micro-silica particles in styrene butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber compound
Authors: Salkhi Khasraghi Samaneh , Shojaei Akbar , Momenilandi Mahnoosh
Published: September 2023

The influence of fumed nano-SiO2 on the performance of a typical tire tread compound, fabricated by mechanical mixing process, was investigated in the present research. The tire tread compound contained styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/ cis-butadiene rubber (BR) blend reinforced with a well-developed commercial highly dispersive silica filler at 70 phr loading. Nano-SiO2 with higher specific surface area, e.g., ∼240 m2/g, was substituted partially with silica particle at three different concentrations of 5, 10, 15 phr. Improvement in various aspects of the control sample including crosslink density calculated based on the swelling test and tube theory, bound rubber content, and physico-mechanical properties was observed for nano-SiO2 loading below 10 phr due to its effective role in refinement of filler dispersion state and enhancement of rubber-filler interactions. However, most of the properties were sacrificed at 15 phr nano-SiO2 loading even with respect to the control sample which emphasized the effectiveness of nano-SiO2 within an optimum loading. Moreover, nano-SiO2 at optimum loading exhibited great improvement in initial decomposition temperature about 50°C, considerable improvement in rolling resistance (more than 8%) and enhancement in wear resistance which could be crucial for tire tread manufacturers.
A Modified Retainer to Prevent Supra-Eruption of Maxillary Molars
Authors: Verma Sanjeev , Lal Chaman , Verma Raj Kumar , Singh Satinder Pal , Kumar Vinay
Published: September 2023

The adult patients requiring orthodontic treatment usually need adjunctive dental care for complete rehabilitation. There are so many orthodontic appliances that are used as retainer after comprehensive treatment to retain the orthodontic tooth movement achieved. The purpose of this clinical pearl is to showcase a modified acrylic retainer to prevent the supra-eruption of terminal molar whose antagonist tooth was to be replaced using dental implant after the completion of orthodontic treatment.
Prediction of Pavement Overall Condition Index Based on Wrapper Feature-Selection Techniques Using Municipal Pavement Data
Authors: Adesunkanmi Rahmat , Al-Hamdan Abdallah , Nlenanya Inya
Published: September 2023

Municipalities make significant efforts with limited resources to collect pavement condition data. Overall Condition Index (OCI), which uses the pavement surface evaluation and rating manual to identify roadways needing repair, is a convenient and common way of pavement condition assessment. Many data used in assessing the OCI are collected from fieldwork. Some data features give little insight into road conditions, and one feature may provide similar information to another; thus, effective data-collection resources can be optimized by selecting which data feature to keep and which to discard. In addition, the OCI reflects how local agencies highlight the important variables driving their pavement-management investments. It is also a reflection of the triggers that they use to propose various treatment strategies. This research aimed to evaluate pavement distresses in West Des Moines, Iowa, using machine-learning methods, and determine which combination of distresses and their distress proportions can accurately predict the OCI class of a particular pavement type. The wrapper feature-selection methods were used, fitting their results to classification-tree models. Automatic feature selection, using Featurewiz, was also considered to select the desired number of variables. Feature parameters were screened for OCI prediction using the mean decrease impurity, and the results could be used to model classification that may be used for year-long predictions. Results showed that an effective OCI estimate methodology could be determined with significant accuracy with fewer features.
“I Can Never Feel Safe”: Latinx Youth Voices on Psychosocial Impacts of 287(g) in Georgia
Authors: Lemon Emily D. , Mera Nieto Kathleen S. , Serrano Laguna Luis Yael , Flores Yesnely A. , Niño-Suastegui Maria , Peraza Campos Jonathan , Fuentes Viridiana , Lozada Kenia , Ling Audrey , Woods-Jaeger Briana
Published: September 2023

Increasingly, immigration policies are understood as structural determinants, rooted in racism, nativism, and ethnocentrism, which raise serious public health concerns for Latinx adolescents’ mental health. Our objective was to examine how immigration policy enforcement affects mental health of Latinx youth raised in a county with an aggressive interior immigration enforcement program. From 2009 to 2021, Gwinnett County, GA, led the nation in deportations under the 287(g) program as a “universal enforcement model,” where local law enforcement were deputized to detain undocumented immigrants, primarily through traffic violations. From June to July 2022, we followed a participatory action research approach with two groups of Latinx youth who grew up in Gwinnett County. In total, 10 youth took photos related to the research question, and engaged in facilitated dialogue using photovoice guide SHOWED/VENCER for four, 2-hour sessions that were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed following grounded theory principles to arrive at a conceptual model codeveloped and validated by youth. Youth described how 287(g) led to policing and deportation in their communities, fueling stereotypes, and discrimination that criminalized Latinx immigrants. Youth linked immigration enforcement policies like 287(g) to exclusionary systems that contributed to fear, marginalization, and loss in their communities, bringing experiences of sadness, grief, isolation, hopelessness, and low self-worth. From youth-driven research, we identified mental health implications of the 287(g) program among Latinx youth. The cascading harms of immigration enforcement policies highlight the need to address these policies and identify immediate strategies to promote Latinx youth mental health.
Needs, creativity and care: Adorno and the future of work
Authors: Reeves Craig , Sinnicks Matthew
Published: September 2023

This paper attempts to show how Adorno’s thought can illuminate our reflections on the future of work. It does so by situating Adorno’s conception of genuine activity in relation to his negativist critical epistemology and his subtle account of the distinction between true and false needs. What emerges is an understanding of work that can guide our aspirations for the future of work, and one we illustrate via discussions of creative work and care work. These are types of work which cater to persistent human needs, albeit ones that are distorted under present social conditions. Adorno’s thought helps us to understand why this is the case.
Contingent universality: The epistemic politics of global mental health
Authors: Bemme Dörte
Published: September 2023

The field of global mental health (GMH) has undergone profound changes over the past decade. Outgrowing its earlier agenda it has performed a reflexive turn, broadened towards a social paradigm and developed new modes of knowledge production, all of which reshaped ‘mental health’ as a global object of knowledge and care, and the epistemic politics of the field. Drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork among GMH experts and recent agenda-setting publications, I discuss how GMH advocates and critical observers alike have created conceptual and practical middle-grounds between different forms of mental health knowledge – across culture, epistemic power, lived experience, policy platforms and academic disciplines – framing their dynamic encounters as dialogue, adaptation, participation, co-production or integration. Ultimately, I argue, GMH today is focusing less on establishing mental health as a universal problem than on managing its inherent multiplicity through alignment and integration across different bodies of knowledge. Global knowledge, so conceived, is fluid and malleable and produced in open-ended knowledge practices, governed by what I call ‘contingent universality’. It is not new that the concepts and practices of the psy-disciplines are malleable and multiple, internally and externally contested, rapidly changing over time and not easily transferrable across space. What is new is that within the increasingly heterogenous epistemic space of GMH, these features have become assets rather than liabilities. GMH knowledge achieves both global reach and local relevance precisely because ‘mental health’ can be many things; it can be expressed in a wide range of idioms and concepts, and its problems and solutions align easily with others, at many scales. These fluid and integrative knowledge practices call for renewed empirical, critical and collaborative engagement.
Reconceptualising risky and harmful consumption through molar and molecular lines: Mobile smartphone sports betting arrangements
Authors: Gordon Ross , Harada Theresa , Waitt Gordon , Gurrieri Lauren
Published: September 2023

This paper seeks to extend existing conceptualisations of risky and harmful consumption. Our work draws on a qualitative, rhizomatic study of Australian consumers’ sports betting practices. We utilise Deleuze and Guattari’s related concepts of molar and molecular lines and lines of flight to draw attention to sports betting’s mutually affecting discursive, socio-material and emotional intensities. We examine the ongoing tensions between how people understand themselves as gamblers, the social normalisation of gambling and the parameters of risky betting behaviour. We argue that conceiving gambling consumption through molar and molecular lines challenges the binaries inherent in current framings of risky and harmful consumption. We also consider the possibilities for lines of flight and implications for gambling harm.