bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Path Decompositions of Kneser and Generalized Kneser Graphs
Authors: Rodger C. A. , Whitt Thomas Richard
Published: December 2014

Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a graph decomposition of the Kneser Graph KGn,2 and of the Generalized Kneser Graph GKGn,3,1 into paths of length three.
A chamber study of the influence of boreal BVOC emissions and sulphuric acid on nanoparticle formation rates at ambient concentrations
Authors: Dal Maso M. , Liao L. , Wildt J. , Kiendler-Scharr A. , Kleist E. , Tillmann R. , Sipilä M. , Hakala J. , Lehtipalo K. , Ehn M. , Kerminen V.-M. , Kulmala M. , Worsnop D. , Mentel T.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Aerosol formation from biogenic and anthropogenic precursor trace gases in continental background areas affects climate via altering the amount of available cloud condensation nuclei. Significant uncertainty still exists regarding the agents controlling the formation of aerosol nanoparticles. We have performed experiments in the Jülich Plant-Atmosphere Simulation Chamber with instrumentation for the detection of sulphuric acid and nanoparticles, and present the first simultaneous chamber observations of nanoparticles, sulphuric acid, and realistic levels and mixtures of biogenic volatile compounds (BVOC). We present direct laboratory observations of nanoparticle formation from sulphuric acid and realistic BVOC precursor vapor mixtures performed at atmospherically relevant concentration levels. We directly measured particle formation rates separately from particle growth rates. From this, we established that in our experiments, the formation rate was proportional to the product of sulphuric acid and biogenic VOC emission strength. The formation rates were consistent with a mechanism in which nucleating BVOC oxidation products are rapidly formed and activate with sulphuric acid. The growth rate of nanoparticles immediately after birth was best correlated with estimated products resulting from BVOC ozonolysis.
Projected pH reductions by 2100 might put deep North Atlantic biodiversity at risk
Authors: Gehlen M. , Séférian R. , Jones D. O. B. , Roy T. , Roth R. , Barry J. , Bopp L. , Doney S. C. , Dunne J. P. , Heinze C. , Joos F. , Orr J. C. , Resplandy L. , Segschneider J. , Tjiputra J.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. This study aims to evaluate the potential for impacts of ocean acidification on North Atlantic deep-sea ecosystems in response to IPCC AR5 Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Deep-sea biota is likely highly vulnerable to changes in seawater chemistry and sensitive to moderate excursions in pH. Here we show, from seven fully coupled Earth system models, that for three out of four RCPs over 17% of the seafloor area below 500 m depth in the North Atlantic sector will experience pH reductions exceeding −0.2 units by 2100. Increased stratification in response to climate change partially alleviates the impact of ocean acidification on deep benthic environments. We report on major pH reductions over the deep North Atlantic seafloor (depth >500 m) and at important deep-sea features, such as seamounts and canyons. By 2100, and under the high CO2 scenario RCP8.5, pH reductions exceeding −0.2 (−0.3) units are projected in close to 23% (~15%) of North Atlantic deep-sea canyons and ~8% (3%) of seamounts – including seamounts proposed as sites of marine protected areas. The spatial pattern of impacts reflects the depth of the pH perturbation and does not scale linearly with atmospheric CO2 concentration. Impacts may cause negative changes of the same magnitude or exceeding the current target of 10% of preservation of marine biomes set by the convention on biological diversity, implying that ocean acidification may offset benefits from conservation/management strategies relying on the regulation of resource exploitation.
Sensitivity of phytoplankton distributions to vertical mixing along a North Atlantic transect
Authors: Hahn-Woernle L. , Dijkstra H. A. , Van der Woerd H. J.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Using in situ data of upper ocean vertical mixing along a transect in the North Atlantic and a one-dimensional phytoplankton growth model, we study the sensitivity of the surface phytoplankton concentration to vertical mixing distributions. The study is divided into two parts. In the first part, the model is calibrated to the observations. The optical model parameters are determined from measurements of the light attenuation. The biological parameters are calibrated to three different reference stations with observed vertical profiles of the chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration and the nutrient concentration. In the second part, the sensitivity of the three model calibrations to the vertical mixing is studied. Therefore measured vertical mixing profiles are applied to the model. These mixing profiles are based on the measurements along the transect and are treated as a set of possible mixing situations of the North Atlantic. Results show that shifts in vertical mixing are able to induce a transition from an upper chlorophyll maximum to a deep one and vice versa. Furthermore, a clear correlation between the surface phytoplankton concentration and the mixing induced nutrient flux is found for nutrient-limited cases. This may open up the possibility to extract characteristics of vertical mixing from satellite ocean colour data using data-assimilation methods.
بيئة الإنسان المترامية ُالأطراف في القرآن الكريم
Authors: Dhaouadi Mahmoud
Published: December 2014

يناقش الكاتب أنه يمكن تفسير الوقائع العلمية للكون من خلال القرآن الكريم و الأحاديث، و يستزد بالقول أن الفصل بين الدين و العلم قد يؤدي إلى نتائج خطيرة. و المحاور الثلاثة التي يتم إستخراجها من القرآن و الحديث هم: ١) عالم الطبيعة على الأرض و في السماء، ٢) تاريخ الأمم و المجتمعات، ٣) الإنسان كخليفة لله على الأرض. و الهدف من هذا البحث هو معرفة أن القرآن به الدلالات لشرح تكوين الكون أو حتى ظاهرة برزخ البحر، و الاستدلال بالبحوث و الإكتشافات العلمية يساعد على إكمال شرح تلك الظواهر، و يظهر أن المسلم أولى بحماية البيئة بسبب كونه "واجب أخلاقي ديني". و أن بيئة الإنسان ليست محصورة فقط على هذه الأرض و إنما تمتد للكون بأكمله .
التفاعل بين البيئة الروحية الداخلية للإنسان والبيئة الكونية
Authors: Baki Meftah Abdel
Published: December 2014

تتناول ورقة البحث الآتية دراسة لتحليلات العلامة الفرنسي عبد الواحد يحيى لموضوع " بيئة الرحل و بيئة الحضريين". و التحليل الروحي يقر بإن "المحيط الكوني ما هي إلا مرآة تنعكس فيها صورة البيئة الروحية و النفسية"، و هذا يظهر أن النظام الكوني و الإنساني مترابطين و يؤثر كل نظام على الآخر. و للإنسان دور و أثر مهم لما يحدث في الكون بسبب موقعه المركزي. و تقوم ورقة البحث على إستخدام قصة قابيل و هابيل لشرح المعاني الإجتماعية و التاريخية لتلك الحادثة، و أعطى تحليلاً مختلفاً عن المتوقع حيث يقوم البحث بإعطاء أسباب إفتراس البيئة المكانية للرحل. و من خلال إستخدام قصة قابيل و هابيل يقوم البحث على شرح أنواع التوازن و الخلل التي تظهر على مر الزمن و تأثيرها بين الإنسان و الطبيعة.
البيئة الحياتية وتوجيهات القرآن الكريم عن البيئة
Authors: Karic Enes
Published: December 2014

يتناول الكاتب في هذه الورقة الحياة البيئية المتنوعة التي وردت في القرءان الكريم. ويعتبر عالم الطبيعة في المنظور الإسلامي، خلق من المخلوقات ، فهي " آية" أي دليل على وجود الخالق وقدره المطلقة، وهي كذلك دالة على جمال وبديع خلق الله سبحانه.كما يتناول الباحث العناصر الأساسية للطبعة ومستوياتها، والعوالم المختلفة المكونة لها، كما أوردها القرءان الكريم.
Retrograde Technicity and the Cinematic Avant-Garde: Towards a New Dispositif of Production1
Authors: Jutz Gabriele
Published: December 2014

Taking as a point of departure the 1970s concept of the ‘dispositif’, this article seeks to redefine it in the context of experimental cinematic practices which reject the usual tools of filmmaking, or, more precisely, replace them by ‘retrograde’ technical means (such as handmade techniques, camera-less films, etc.). Instead of adhering to the classical notion ofdispositif, which privileges the screening situation, the author rather suggest that we envisage adispositif of production, involving the spatial relationship between the body of the artist, the ‘pro-filmic’ event and his/her material at the very moment of production, and that informs the practices of cinematic retrograde technicity.
The Cinema of Exposure: Spiritualist Exposés, Technology, and the Dispositif of Early Cinema
Authors: Natale Simone
Published: December 2014

This article addresses the relationship between early cinema and the tradition of spiritualistexposés. The latter were spectacular shows performed by stage magicians in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, which aimed to debunk the tricks employed by spiritualist mediums in theirséances. Drawing on the theoretical framework of thedispositif, this article shows how early cinema renewed and reinterpreted the tradition of theexposés. Focusing in particular on Hugo Münsterberg’s work, moreover, it addresses the connections between early film theory and psychological studies that debunked the illusions performed in spiritualistséancesand stage magic. In the conclusion, the article proposes to employ the concept of “cinema of exposure” in order to address how early cinema invited spectators to acknowledge their own perceptual delusion.
Technique/Discourse: When Bergson Invented His Cinematograph
Authors: Tortajada Maria , Le Gac Franck , Lefebvre Martin
Published: December 2014

The “cinematographic model of thought” was developed by Bergson in Creative Evolution (1907) after his 1902-1903 lectures at the Collège de France. His appropriation of this device of modernity certainly didn't go unnoticed. Throughout the twentieth century, Bergsonian discourse produced frequently opposing positions on the cinema, making it necessary for the film historian to question the status of Bergson’s cinematographic dispositive. This dispositive, which strictly belongs to philosophical discourse, refers to equipment and procedures whose mechanism is quite recognizable and isn’t solely confined to the device invented by Lumière. Scholars thus need to confront the technical dimension of this dispositive if they are to examine its very singular character. What makes Bergson’s dispositive technical? How does the shift occur from the technical reference to its appropriation by discourse in demonstrative strategies that transform its value? Starting from this case study, this article seeks to address the following question as directly as possible : what does technique become once it enters (philosophical) discourse? Borrowing from the history of techniques outside the specialized literature on cinema, the article also attempts to redefine the web of relations between discourse and technical fact. Finally, it raises the issue of what may be called a user discourse with respect to specialized discourse, emphasizing the predisposition of any discourse for an osmosis of concepts which the epistemology of viewing dispositives can account for.
Resenha de livro: the (in) discipline of tourism
Authors: Barretto Margarita
Published: December 2014

Resenha de TRIBE, John. The (in) discipline of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, v. 24, n. 3, p. 638-657, 1997. John Tribe é Doutor em Economia e trabalha na Universidade de Surrey, Inglaterra. É também o presidente da Associação de Educação Superior em Turismo do Reino Unido. O artigo analisado foi escrito há dez anos e discute a epistemologia do turismo, tema sobre o qual muito pouco se tem avançado neste período. Tomando como marco teórico a filosofia e a sociologia do conhecimento, propõe um novo modelo epistemológico para compreender o turismo.
O turismo místico-esotérico na Zona Uritorco (Córdoba, Argentina): síntese de uma perspectiva etnográfica
Authors: Otamendi Alejandro
Published: December 2014

O presente artigo objetiva sintetizar o processo histórico de construção social e as mudanças produzidas nas representações simbólicas dos moradores da localidade turística Capilla del Monte (Córdoba, Argentina) a partir do surgimento de novos marcos de significados nas últimas duas décadas. Também será brevemente descrito, de uma perspectiva etnográfica, a forma em que os turistas esotéricos, os novos “capillenses” (residentes vindos na última onda migratória) e os órgãos públicos de turismo locais, colaboraram de diferentes formas na origem e surgimento de uma região simbólica peculiar denominada: Zona Uritorco, na serra do mesmo nome, onde desenvolveu-se um discurso místico-esotérico muito peculiar no qual combinam-se narrativas associadas ao sobrenatural, ao étnico, ao natural e, especialmente, o extra-terrestre.
Editorial
Authors: Barretto Margarita , Bastos Sênia
Published: December 2014

É com imensa satisfação que lançamos mais um número da Revista Brasileira de de Pesquisa em Turismo - RBTur (Volume 2, Número 2, julho-2008).O site www.rbtur.org.br entrou no ar em 2007 com o objetivo de disseminar os resultados de pesquisas científicas em Turismo e provocar o debate e a reflexão para a evolução do conhecimento na área.Com efeito, neste número que ora vem a público o leitor encontrará abordagens que enfatizam as representações sobre o Turismo, a importância do planejamento e do Plano Diretor para o setor, bem como as mazelas do turismo sexual ainda presentes no país. Destaque-se a presença de artigos internacionais, que contemplam estudos sobre a Argentina, a Austrália e a Nova Zelândia.Santos critica o viés etnocêntrico que ainda caracteriza os estudos de Turismo e de Hospitalidade, a partir do estudo de George Gardner, naturalista escocês, que veio para o Brasil em 1836, alertando-nos para a necessidade de revisão dessa tendência. Segue-se a análise etnográfica de Otamendi acerca da construção social e das alterações das representações simbólicas do destino turístico argentino de Capilla del Monte (Córdoba). Trata-se da constituição de um discurso místico-esotérico, no qual se combinam narrativas associadas ao sobrenatural, ao étnico, ao natural e, especialmente, ao extraterrestre.O planejamento do Turismo tem especial ênfase nas abordagens de Maciel, Paolucci e Ruschmann que avaliam a capacidade de carga da Praia Brava, Itajaí/SC, considerando o conforto ambiental relativamente à população de moradores e usuários da praia e a projeção decorrente da futura instalação de complexo turístico. Na mesma direção caminha a abordagem de Santiago e Walkowski, cujo foco de estudo é o Plano Diretor de Florianópolis. A partir das relações que o Plano Diretor potencialmente contempla, ou seja, a política urbana, o turismo e planejamento sustentável, as autoras analisam as formas de ocupação no município, relacionados com o crescimento urbano e o incremento da atividade turística local. Também ambientado na cidade de Florianópolis, o estudo de Ferreira ocupa-se das relações que se estabelecem entre turistas argentinos e moças residentes, mais especificamente ao que se refere ao Turismo Sexual.As pequenas vinícolas da Austrália e da Nova Zelândia são objeto do artigo de Hall e Treloar nesse número que contempla a resenha crítica assinada por Korstanje acerca do livro de Wallingre, Historia del Turismo Argentino.Esperamos que este número tenha a mesma boa acolhida que os anteriores e que o seu conteúdo contribua para o enriquecimento dos leitores e da turismologia. Aproveitamos o ensejo para agradecer a contribuição de todos no envio de artigos e na difusão deste periódico.Margarita BarrettoSênia BastosEditoras
“Navegando à deriva”: notas etnográficas sobre o turismo em Ilhéus, Bahia
Authors: Pinto Roque
Published: December 2014

Este texto se propõe a discutir alguns aspectos relacionados à atividade turística na cidade de Ilhéus, localizada no litoral sul da Bahia, centrando-se especialmente nas relações que os empresários ligados à atividade turística estabelecem com o lugar e de que modo tais relações influenciam o próprio sistema turístico local. As investigações foram norteadas por uma metodologia qualitativa, baseada na coleta de dados com vistas à descrição etnográfica. Utilizou-se como técnicas de investigação a observação participante, a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas e não-estruturadas junto a usuários e gestores públicos e privados e a aplicação de questionários em estabelecimentos de alojamento. De acordo com os resultados da investigação, o gap entre os recursos disponíveis e os atrativos efetivamente formatados para o turismo na cidade, bem como a incipiência das ações públicas e as deficiências do setor privado no turismo local representam apenas sintomas – e não causas – de um problema cujo fulcro se encontra na invisibilidade do turismo enquanto atividade produtiva e vetor de desenvolvimento sócio-econômico desde o ponto de vista do poder público.
Análise dos relacionamentos interorganizacionais em empresas do setor hoteleiro de Curitiba: estudo comparativo de casos
Authors: Hocayen-da-Silva Antônio João , Teixeira Rivanda Meira
Published: December 2014

O setor hoteleiro de Curitiba, na segunda metade da década de 90, em função da instalação de montadoras e da transferência de diversas empresas multinacionais para a cidade, tornou-se atrativo para as redes hoteleiras nacionais e internacionais, uma vez que ocorreu aumento significativo na demanda pelos serviços de hospedagem. Assim, buscou com este estudo analisar os relacionamentos interorganizacionais realizados por empresas hoteleiras de Curitiba. Para tanto foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com proprietários, diretores e gerentes, em dois hotéis pertencentes a proprietários ou grupos locais. Os dados secundários foram coletados em jornais e revistas impressos e na Internet. A partir da análise dos dados, foi possível constatar a inexistência de práticas formais de alianças e parcerias entre as empresas do setor analisadas, dificultando assim a obtenção de vantagens competitivas sustentáveis.
Comunidades e Seus Arranjos Produtivos no Turismo do Estado do Ceará
Authors: Rezende Ricardo de Oliveira
Published: December 2014

Vem a lume no ano de 2009 o livro "Arranjos Produtivos Locais do Turismo Comunitário: atores e cenários em mudança", resultado de pesquisa financiada pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), produzido por alunos, professores e pesquisadores do Mestrado em Geografia (MAG) da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE). Reflexão do Grupo de Pesquisa "Turismo, Território e Cultura" desenvolvida no âmbito do "Laboratório de Estudos do Território e do Turismo (NETTUR), com esta obra o MAG consolida sua tradição no estudo pautado pela perspectiva crítica do desenvolvimento do turismo no estado do Ceará.
MacCannell em perspectiva: análise crítica sobre a obra El turista
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel
Published: December 2014

A obra de Dean MacCannell representou uma grande contribuição aos estudos do turismo, a partir da década de 1960, por aportar conceitos na época inovadores sobre o tema da autenticidade da experiência turística. O artigo critica a obra deste sociólogo, não mediante um contraste com a evidência empírica mas indo diretamente ao núcleo teórico, buscando antecedentes na sociologia francesa e na  etnometodologia estadounidense.
Turismo e Dinâmica Cultural em uma Comunidade de Pescadores Artesanais: o Caso do Farol de Santa Marta em Laguna (SC)
Authors: Dos Santos Rafael José , Arantes Eduardo Manchon
Published: December 2014

O artigo apresenta os primeiros resultados de uma pesquisa etnográfica na comunidade litorânea do Farol de Santa Marta, Laguna (SC), constituída por uma população vinculada à pesca artesanal. A localidade vem se transformando nos últimos 25 anos em destino de uma quantidade significativa de turistas, em sua maioria jovens universitários oriundos de grandes centros urbanos. A partir do encontro entre visitantes e residentes engendram-se novos sentidos, transformando a dinâmica cultural local com novas modalidades de ocupação e uso social dos diferentes espaços, bem como práticas de sociabilidade e estilos de vida definidos na relação entre os agentes sociais e ligados ao imaginário moderno.
O Imaginário da Carta de Caminha e sua Apropriação pelo Turismo
Authors: Pacheco Isabel Maria de Jesus
Published: December 2014

A presente pesquisa parte da hipótese de que o imaginário na Carta de Caminha interfere hoje na mentalidade e identidade cultural dos grupos locais da Bahia e, em especial, é utilizado de forma hegemônica pelas propagandas turísticas realizadas na Costa do Descobrimento. Estas propagandas não consideram a diversidade das visões dos grupos, suas diferenças e conflitos sociais, suas lutas por melhores condições de vida, nem a expropriação histórica sofrida pelos mesmos.
Editorial
Authors: Barretto Margarita
Published: December 2014

Editorial
LAS FORMAS ELEMENTALES DE LA HOSPITALIDAD
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel
Published: December 2014

Los estudios modernos han enfatizado en la necesidad de investigar la hospitalidad como una parte importante de la actividad turística. No obstante, estos abordajes se hacen vinculados a la industria de la hotelería, hecho por el cual se descuidan las nociones antropológicas de la hospitalidad en sí misma; el hotel al igual que el hospital son sólo una parte del inmenso mundo de la hospitalidad. Dentro de ese contexto, el presente trabajo teórico intentará ser una contribución al entendimiento de la hospitalidad como fenómeno indo-europeo asociada al principio económico, religioso y político de las sociedades. Partimos del supuesto que tanto hospitalidad como hostilidad conforman dos realidades que dialogan en el complejo entramado social y que ameritan ser deconstruidas en la línea de análisis instaurado por J. Derrida. Formas Elementales de la hospitalidad brindará al lector los elementos necesarios para la comprensión del proceso de la hospitalidad.
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA NOVA GEOGRAFIA CULTURAL NA ATIVIDADE TURÍSTICA
Authors: Garcia Daniela Sottili , Bahl Miguel
Published: December 2014

Este artigo foi desenvolvido tendo como foco de estudo a contribuição da “Nova Geografia Cultural” para a atividade turística, trazendo como exemplo o desenvolvimento do setor de Turismo na cidade de Campo Grande (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil) e a análise de como este setor tem utilizado a cultura local como marca urbana. Utilizou-se como metodologia um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a vertente da “Nova Geografia Cultural” e da atividade turística, e posteriormente a análise de situação da mesma nesta cidade. Apontam-se como resultados que esta vertente geográfica iniciada no mundo por volta de 1960 e no Brasil em 1970, tem contribuído, sobremaneira, para diversos campos de estudo, como é o caso específico do turismo, principalmente por inserir em seus estudos o homem como agente principal, passando a considerá-lo como primordial e parte integrante do processo de desenvolvimento dos espaços.  Palavras–Chave: Nova Geografia Cultural. Turismo e Cultura.
O TERRITÓRIO EM MOVIMENTO NO ASSENTAMENTO RURAL SUL BONITO EM ITAQUIRAÍ/MS: A PRÁTICA TURÍSTICA NA PRAIA DA AMIZADE
Authors: Silva Daiane Alencar , Moretti Edvaldo Cesar
Published: December 2014

O objetivo central apresentado no texto é o de compreender o território rural e seus movimentos a partir da atividade turística. As transformações ocorridas no território do assentamento rural podem ser identificadas por meio das relações que estão sendo desenvolvidas nessa área, principalmente em relação às práticas produtivas. O assentamento rural Sul Bonito constitui-se de 421 famílias que foram assentadas em dezembro de 1996. Localizado no município de Itaquiraí, Mato Grosso do Sul, esse assentamento apresenta-se como um referencial na região quanto a alternativas de produção para os assentados. A atividade turística tem sido colocada como uma dessas alternativas produtivas, capaz de proporcionar uma renda extra às famílias assentadas, tendo em vista que o maior atrativo da região, a chamada Praia da Amizade, está localizado dentro do assentamento.A intenção, portanto, é analisar como o turismo movimenta e modifica o território rural do assentamento, sendo capaz de constituir novas relações e ter seu desenvolvimento priorizado pelo poder público, por se caracterizar como uma nova fonte de renda.
A CONQUISTA DAS FÉRIAS: BREVE HISTÓRIA DO TURISMO NA ARGENTINA
Authors: Guimaraes Valeria Lima
Published: December 2014

Resenha do livro de autoria de Eliza Pastoriza, publicado na Argentina em 2011, que discute a história do turismo doméstico no país portenho a partir da conquista das férias pelas camadas médias e populares.
PRÁTICAS DE ETNOCONHECIMENTO NA GESTÃO PARTICIPATIVA DO TURISMO SUSTENTÁVEL NA AMAZÔNIA: QUILOMBO DE TAPANAGEM (ORIXIMINÁ, PA, BRASIL)
Authors: Campos Leonardo Gama , Mattos Cristiane Passos de
Published: December 2014

Este trabalho busca analisar a utilização de práticas de etnomapeamento como auxílio à gestão participativa sustentável do turismo em áreas habitadas por populações tradicionais que possuem seus territórios em áreas próximas, justapostas ou sobrepostas a diferentes áreas protegidas na Amazônia. Com foco em uma microrregião do Alto Rio Trombetas (Oriximiná, PA, Brasil), estuda o Quilombo Tapagem a partir de trabalhos de campo, pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental, observação participante e técnicas de diagnóstico rural participativo (DRP). Discorre sobre as abordagens e mapas participativos no âmbito da gestão da biodiversidade, e apresenta os resultados da pesquisa. A análise dos diferentes usos dos recursos naturais do território estudado por meio do mapeamento participativo na micro-região estudada se coloca enquanto uma ferramenta útil à formulação de políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento do turismo sustentável.
PELAS FRONTEIRAS DO MEDO: RESISTÊNCIA AO PROCESSO DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DO TURISMO NA ILHA DO MEDO – MARANHÃO, BRASIL
Authors: Sousa Emilene Leite de
Published: December 2014

Este artigo visa analisar o processo de implantação do turismo comunitário na Ilha do Medo, no Maranhão, e a reação dos autóctones frente à chegada dos turistas. Trata também do diálogo que se estabelece entre os nativos e os planejadores de turismo na Ilha do Medo. A reação dos autóctones à tentativa de transformação da Ilha em um novo atrativo turístico em São Luís demonstra a preocupação constante dos ilhéus em manter o modus vivendi local. Para isso, os autóctones utilizam o medo como estratégia para manter os “invasores” distantes. Além de possibilitar uma reflexão sobre as relações que se estabelecem entre nativos e turistas, a análise do processo de implantação do turismo nos permite compreender as redes de relações sociais tecidas entre os planejadores de turismo, os nativos e o etnógrafo em campo, além de apreender os fluxos que se estabelecem pelas fronteiras do medo.
Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Authors: Keyes Katherine M. , Kreski Noah T. , Patrick Megan E.
Published: August 2024

Importance

Depressive symptoms have increased among US adolescents since 2010. It remains unclear as to what extent this increase will persist into young adulthood, potentially turning the youth mental health crisis into a young adult mental health crisis.

Objective

To test the association between birth cohort and adolescent depressive symptoms at ages 18, 19 to 20, and 21 to 22 years and changes in these symptoms by cohort.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This panel cohort study analyzed data from the Monitoring the Future longitudinal survey from 1990 to 2019, including birth cohorts from 1972 to 2001. Survey respondents were recruited from US high schools in 12th grade and were approximately aged 18 years (at baseline) through age 21 to 22 years (during mail and web follow-up). Data analysis was conducted from April to October 2023.

Exposure

Depressive symptoms score (>12 vs ≤12, with >12 representing top-decile scores) on a scale examining affective items (eg, “Life often seems meaningless”).

Main Outcomes and Measures

High (vs lower) depressive symptoms at ages 19 to 20 years and 21 to 22 years.

Results

The 36 552 respondents included 18 597 females (50.5%), and most reported having a parent who graduated from college (44.8%). Among females, 19.1% (95% CI, 16.7%-21.4%) of the most recent birth cohort (born: 1997-2001) had high depressive symptoms at age 18 years, higher than any previous birth cohort. While prevalence declined by age 21 to 22 years, it remained higher than previous cohorts at that age. Among males, 13.4% (95% CI, 11.2%-15.6%) of the most recent birth cohort had high depressive symptoms at age 18 years, and prevalence increased through young adulthood. Males with high baseline depressive symptoms had 10.24 (95% CI, 7.01-14.97) times the odds of symptoms at age 19 to 20 years and 6.20 (95% CI, 3.93-9.78) times the odds of symptoms at age 21 to 22 years. Females with high baseline depressive symptoms had 9.16 (95% CI, 6.57-12.76) times the odds of symptoms at age 19 to 20 years and 7.28 (95% CI, 4.92-10.78) times the odds of symptoms at age 21 to 22 years. The magnitude of the associations did not vary over time. Population attributable fractions indicated that the total proportion of young adult symptoms associated with depressive symptoms at age 18 years among females has increased; in the most recent birth cohort, 55.25% (95% CI, 38.11%-65.13%) of depressive symptoms at age 21 to 22 years were associated with symptoms at age 18 years.

Conclusions and Relevance

This panel cohort study found that increases in depressive symptoms in adolescence persisted into young adulthood, suggesting the need for primary prevention and mental health resources during the adolescent years.
Influence of Simple Salts on Solvent Reduction Stability at Mg‐Alloy Anodes Interface: A Potential‐Dependent DFT Study
Authors: Kim Hyemin , Deng Min , Fortuin Adrian , Würger Tim , Georgopanos Prokopios , Kramer Denis , Zheludkevich Mikhail , Höche Daniel
Published: August 2024

The significance of incorporating anion species into electrolyte solvation structures, particularly with doubly charged Mg2 + ions, is investigated using the grand canonical density functional theory (GC‐DFT) approach. In an extension of previously established methodology, the work explores the thermodynamic stability in acetonitrile (AN) at the interface with Mg3Bi2 and Mg2Sn. Two different anions, TFSI− and , are strategically incorporated based on energy comparisons. Despite the known chemical compatibility of alloy anodes with the electrolyte solution, the research reveals a novel form of solvent degradation, which is also reported in the case of pure Mg anode with conventional electrolytes. Notably, the AN molecule adjacent to anion species exhibits reduced susceptibility to reduction (−0.8 – −0.4 V vs Mg2 +/Mg) in the lower potential range in comparison with the solvation structure of full dissociation. Charge density difference and density of states analyses detail solvent molecules becoming electrophilic, with the LUMO overlapping with the Fermi level at lower potentials when the electrostatic interaction with anion species are considered. Experimental studies using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) validate the theoretical results, providing a comprehensive understanding. This methodology, augmenting prior approaches, provides valuable guidance for electrolyte composition based on predominant solvation structures in multivalent solutions.
Metabolic dysfunctions predict the development of Alzheimer's disease: Statistical and machine learning analysis of EMR data
Authors: Liu Rex , Durbin‐Johnson Blythe , Paciotti Brian , Liu Albert T. , Weakley Alyssa , Liu Xin , Wan Yu‐Jui Yvonne
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and obesity rise concomitantly. This study examined whether factors affecting metabolism, race/ethnicity, and sex are associated with AD development.

METHODS

The analyses included patients ≥ 65 years with AD diagnosis in six University of California hospitals between January 2012 and October 2023. The controls were race/ethnicity, sex, and age matched without dementia. Data analyses used the Cox proportional hazards model and machine learning (ML).

RESULTS

Hispanic/Latino and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, but not Black subjects, had increased AD risk compared to White subjects. Non‐infectious hepatitis and alcohol abuse were significant hazards, and alcohol abuse had a greater impact on women than men. While underweight increased AD risk, overweight or obesity reduced risk. ML confirmed the importance of metabolic laboratory tests in predicting AD development.

DISCUSSION

The data stress the significance of metabolism in AD development and the need for racial/ethnic‐ and sex‐specific preventive strategies.

Highlights

Hispanics/Latinos and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders show increased hazards of Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to White subjects.

Underweight individuals demonstrate a significantly higher hazard ratio for AD compared to those with normal body mass index.

The association between obesity and AD hazard differs among racial groups, with elderly Asian subjects showing increased risk compared to White subjects.

Alcohol consumption and non‐infectious hepatitis are significant hazards for AD.

Machine learning approaches highlight the potential of metabolic panels for AD prediction.
Retrograde tracheal intubation using the S‐guide intubation guide after emergent tracheotomy: A case report
Authors: Ollier Fiona , Eichenberger Alain‐Stéphane , Savoldelli Georges L. , Maillard Julien
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Retrograde intubation is an historic technique that is now rarely used in difficult airway situations. Although not originally designed for this purpose, the use of an S‐guide is a feasible option to aid retrograde intubation because of its malleable rigid body and atraumatic tip.
A Radical Revolution in the 21st Century
Authors: Gómez‐Suárez Adrián , Pitre Spence P. , Zhu Chen
Published: August 2024

This Special Collection on “Radical Chemistry in Homogeneous Catalysis and Organic Synthesis” organized in collaboration with the European Journal of Organic Chemistry and ChemCatChem showcases the maturity of field. Overall, this Special Collection encompasses 11 reviews and 27 research articles, covering a diverse range of topics. It presents the latest advancements in the controlled generation of radical species using transition metal catalysis, photoredox catalysis, or electrochemistry. It highlights the importance of moving towards more sustainable chemical processes, with particular focus on the development of novel organo(photo)catalysts, or efficient catalyst‐free reactions. It presents new transformations to access complex scaffolds as well as new building blocks and reagents, further simplifying single‐electron disconnection logic. In addition, it also highlights the key advancements in addressing some of the current challenges in radical chemistry, such the development of enantioselective reactions or how to scale‐up radical processes to meet the needs of the fine chemical industry.
Assessing the utility of the PC‐PTSD‐5 as a screening tool among a cancer survivor sample
Authors: Smith Sophia K. , Manschot Cole , Kuhn Eric , Laber Eric , Somers Tamara J. , Syrjala Karen L. , Applebaum Allison J.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is an intensive and invasive procedure used in cancer treatment that can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. These symptoms are frequently overlooked in oncology and general health care settings. The suitability and utility of the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM‐5 (PC‐PTSD‐5) within the cancer population remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate its performance as a brief (five‐item) case‐finding screening alternative to the longer (20‐item) PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5) in survivors who received an HCT 1 to 5 years ago.

Methods

A total of 817 cancer survivors completed the PC‐PTSD‐5 and PCL‐5 during recruitment for a randomized clinical trial. Optimal cut scores for identifying probable PTSD and item performance were determined using indices correcting for chance and item response theory analyses.

Results

Of the HCT sample, 10.4% screened as positive for probable DSM‐5 PTSD using the PCL‐5. The PC‐PTSD‐5 exhibited strong internal consistency and significant associations with PCL‐5 scores (total, r = .82; items, rs = .56–.61). A cutoff score of 2 provided optimal sensitivity for screening (κ[Se] = .95), whereas a cut score of 4 demonstrated the highest efficiency for detecting a probable DSM‐5 PTSD diagnosis on the PCL‐5 (κ[Eff] = .39). Item response theory analyses indicated that item 4 (numbing) of the PC‐PTSD‐5 yielded the most informative data, with other items potentially lacking incremental utility.

Conclusion

Although not an instrument validation study, these findings offer efficient evidence for using the PC‐PTSD‐5 as a succinct screening tool among cancer survivors in a clinical context.

Trials Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04058795, registered 8/16/2019
An adaptive fuzzy coordinated control strategy for hybrid electric vehicles considering clutch wear and engine temperature variation
Authors: Gao Aiyun , Fu Zhumu , Tao Fazhan
Published: August 2024

An improved method of clutch coordinated control based on the Kalman filter was proposed to solve the problem that the existing mode switching strategy of hybrid electric vehicles could not adapt to engine temperature changes and clutch wear. First, taking advantage of the relationship between the torque transmitted by the clutch and the starting resistance of the engine, combined with the characteristics of the clutch, the clutch wear was roughly calculated. Accordingly, the control strategy of the clutch in the existing mode switching was improved to adapt to the clutch wear. The adaptive control strategy proposed for clutch wear included the fuzzy control module of the initial engagement pressure, the fuzzy inference module of the clutch engaging pressure change, the clutch wear estimation module and so on. Second, the Kalman filter was used to process the results to improve the estimation accuracy of clutch wear. The engine starting resistance related to starting speed and temperature was modeled to enhance the adaptability of the control strategy to engine temperature. Finally, the designed control strategy was verified in simulation. The results show that the improved control strategy can complete the mode switching when the engine temperature is variable and the clutch is worn. The maximum impact degree increased from 5 m/s3 without wear to 8.5 m/s3 with wear, but it is still less than the index limit, and it can be considered that the proposed strategy can achieve the desired control effect. The fuzzy control algorithm proposed enhances the vehicle's ride comfort during mode switching from pure electric driving to hybrid driving.
THRIVE THROUGH EXTERNAL UNCERTAINTY BY BUILDING INTERNAL PREDICTABILITY
Authors: Homkes Rebecca
Published: August 2024

The author is a high‐growth strategy specialist, CEO advisor, and a Lecturer at the London Business School. She discusses various angles of strategy and decision‐making within organizations, and notes that “the future is uncertain because it is nothing more than a series of events that may or may not occur.” Areas discussed and outlined, in her words, are: Context: I know what we are trying to achieve and why it matters; Agility: I know where decisions take place; Reliability: I can rely on others to do what they say they will do; and Execution: When I adapt, it is recognized and rewarded. She notes that “a good commitment has five characteristics that make up the initialism: AEIOU.” The five are, in her words, active (actively negotiated in a conversation or discussion (not sent as a command in an email); explicit (absolute clarity on who is going to do what); intent‐based (linked to the organization’s strategy and top priorities); open (communicated with transparency, not made in a side conversation); and understood (both parties agree to do it, sign up to the commitment, and understand what they are signing up to).
Fabrication of piezoelectric poly(l‐lactic acid) nanofiber membranes with controllable properties
Authors: Cheng Jie , Yang Yonghao , Zhang Chen , Dong Xuechun , Liu Jinbo , Wu Gensheng , Zhao Gutian , Ni Zhonghua
Published: August 2024

Poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) material has superior biocompatibility, degradability, and piezoelectricity, which have been chosen to fabricate electrospinning membranes to provide high surface area, porosity, and flexibility as applied in implantable medical devices. In this study, PLLA nanofiber membranes with adjustable performance were successfully prepared. The piezoelectricity, mechanical properties, and wettability could be tuned by the molecular weight of PLLA and the concentration of PLLA‐Dichloromethane (DCM) solution. The maximum output voltage of the PLLA nanofiber membranes could be adjusted from 0.28 to 0.55 V, and the breaking strength could vary in the range of 6.3–10.1 MPa. Furthermore, the elongation at break can be adjusted between 22% and 142%. In addition, the wettability of PLLA nanofiber membranes could be changed from hydrophobic state to hydrophilic state by surface treatment techniques. The excellent biocompatibility was further demonstrated by cell culture on hydrophilic membranes. These results implied that the molecular weight of PLLA and the concentration of PLLA‐DCM solutions could be an effective method to regulate characteristics of electrospinning membranes, which can provide more application possibilities for implantable medical devices.
Facile green fabrication of MIL‐101(Cr)/PVA nanofiber composite as effective, stable, and reusable adsorbent for cationic dye removal
Authors: Thamer Badr M. , Al‐aizari Faiz A. , Abdo Hany S. , El‐Newehy Mohamed H.
Published: August 2024

In this study, chromium‐based metal–organic framework (MIL‐101(Cr)) was incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers (PVA NFs) via green electrospinning followed by heat treatment to fabricate MIL‐101(Cr)@PVA NFs composite without the need for any organic solvent or other dispersants. The fabricated MIL‐101(Cr)@PVA NFs were comprehensively characterized using a suite of common techniques. Morphological characteristics of MIL‐101(Cr)@PVA NFs showed a fibrous structure with an average diameter of 228 ± 37 nm and decorated with MIL‐101(Cr) particles arranged in a nanoneedle‐like pattern. Subsequently, its adsorption efficiency towards the cationic crystal violet dye (CV) was evaluated through batch adsorption experiments. The influence of various experimental parameters on CV removal efficiency was systematically optimized using a factorial design approach. The Langmuir isotherm and kinetic pseudo‐second‐order (PSO) model provided an excellent fit to the adsorption equilibrium data, indicating a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 344.18 mg/g for MIL‐101(Cr)@PVA NFs compared with 83.94 mg/g for pristine PVA NFs. Furthermore, the MIL‐101(Cr)@PVA NFs composite demonstrated excellent reusability and stability, maintaining a significant portion of its removal capacity even after six adsorption–desorption cycles. These findings highlight the potential of the fabricated composite as a highly efficient and reusable adsorbent for CV removal from wastewater treatment applications.

Highlights

The MIL‐101(Cr)@PVA NFs nanocomposite fabricated by electrospinning technique.

The MIL‐101(Cr) particle arranged in a nanoneedle‐like pattern in the PVA NFs.

Incorporation of MIL‐101(Cr) improved qmax of PVA by 391.5%.

The MIL‐101(Cr)@PVA NFs membrane has excellent stability and reusability.
Prostate Cancer Related Sexual Dysfunction and Barriers to Help Seeking: A Scoping Review
Authors: Charlick Megan , Tiruye Tenaw , Ettridge Kerry , O’Callaghan Michael , Sara Sally , Jay Alexander , Beckmann Kerri
Published: August 2024

Objective

Despite available support, sexuality needs are the most frequently reported unmet need among men with prostate cancer, which may be due to low help‐seeking rates. Using the Ecological Systems Framework as a theoretical foundation, we conducted a scoping review of the available literature to understand what factors impact help‐seeking behaviour for sexual issues after prostate cancer treatment among men who had received treatment.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search on Medline, PsychInfo, Embase, Emcare, and Scopus was conducted to identify studies of adult prostate cancer patients post‐treatment, which reported barriers and/or facilitators to help‐seeking for sexual health issues. Quality appraisals were conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools, and results were qualitatively synthesised.

Results

Of the 3870 unique results, only 30 studies met inclusion criteria. In general, studies were considered moderate to good quality, though only six used standardised measures to assess help‐seeking behaviour. Barriers and facilitators for sexual help‐seeking were identified across all five levels of the Ecological Systems Framework, including age, treatment type, and previous help seeking experience (individual level), healthcare professional communication and partner support (microsystem), financial cost and accessibility of support (meso/exosystem), and finally embarrassment, masculinity, cultural norms, and sexuality minority (macrosystem).

Conclusions

Addressing commonly reported barriers (and inversely, enhancing facilitators) to help‐seeking for sexual issues is essential to ensure patients are appropriately supported. Based on our results, we recommend healthcare professionals include sexual wellbeing discussions as standard care for all prostate cancer patients, regardless of treatment received, age, sexual orientation, and partnership status/involvement.
Separation of Surface Grafted Microparticles via Light and Temperature
Authors: Vasquez‐Muñoz Daniela , Rohne Fabian , Meier Isabel , Braksch Cevin , Lomadze Nino , Heraji Esfahani Anahita , Nitschke Anne , Taubert Andreas , Santer Svetlana , Hartlieb Matthias , Bekir Marek
Published: August 2024

Separation of equally sized particles distinguished solely by interfacial properties remains a highly challenging task. Herein, a particle fractioning method is proposed, which is suitable to differentiate between polymer‐grafted microparticles that are equal in size. The separation relies on the combination of a pressure driven microfluidic flow, together with simultaneous light illumination and temperature control. Heating the solution forces thermo‐responsive surface grafts to undergo a volume phase transition and therefore locally changing the interfacial properties of the microparticles. Light illumination induces the phoretic/osmotic activity of the microparticles and lifts them into a higher plane, where hovering particles experience a different shear stress proportional to the height. The light‐induced hovering height depends on the interfacial properties, and this complex interaction leads to different movements of the microparticles as a function of their surface grafting. The concepts are visualized in experimental studies, where the complex physical principle provides a simple method for fractioning a binary mixture with at least one thermo‐responsive polymer graft.
Similarity-based ranking of videos from fixed-size one-dimensional video signature
Authors: Mendes Hugo , Seixas Paulo
Published: August 2024

The amount of information is multiplying, one of the popular and widely used formats is short videos. Therefore, maintaining the copyright protection of this information, preventing it from being disclosed without authorization, is a challenge. This work presents a way to rank a set of short videos based on a video profile similarity metric, finding a set of reference videos, using a self-supervised method, without the need for human tagging. The self-supervised method uses a search based on a Genetic Algorithm, of a subgroup of the most similar videos. Similarities are calculated using the SMAPE metric on video signatures vectors, generated with a fixed size, using Structural Tensor, maximum sub matrix and T-SNE.