bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell-free tumor DNA, CA125 and HE4 for the objective assessment of tumor burden in patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Heitz Florian , Lakis Sotirios , Harter Philipp , Heikaus Sebastian , Sehouli Jalid , Talwar Jatin , Menon Roopika , Ataseven Beyhan , Bertrand Miriam , Schneider Stephanie , Mariotti Erika , Bommert Mareike , Müller Judith N. , Prader Sonia , Leenders Frauke , Hengsbach Alexandra , Gloeckner Christian , Braicu Elena Ioana , Heukamp Lukas C. , du Bois Andreas , Heuckmann Johannes M.
Published: February 2022

Background

The present prospective study aimed at determining the impact of cell-free tumor DNA (ct-DNA), CA125 and HE4 from blood and ascites for quantification of tumor burden in patients with advanced high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods

Genomic DNA was extracted from tumor FFPE and ct-DNA from plasma before surgery and on subsequent post-surgical days. Extracted DNA was subjected to hybrid-capture based next generation sequencing. Blood and ascites were sampled before surgery and on subsequent post-surgical days. 20 patients (10 undergoing complete resection (TR0), 10 undergoing incomplete resection (TR>0)) were included.

Results

The minor allele frequency (MAF) of TP53 mutations in ct-DNA of all patients with TR0 decreased significantly, compared to only one patient with TR>0. It was not possible to distinguish between patients with TR0 and patients with TR>0, using CA125 and HE4 from blood and ascites.

Conclusions

Based upon the present findings, ct-DNA assessment in patients with high-grade serous EOC might help to better determine disease burden compared to standard tumor markers. Further studies should prospectively evaluate whether this enhancement of accuracy can help to optimize management of patients with EOC.
A prospective registry-based cohort study of the diagnosis and management of acute leukaemia in pregnancy: Study protocol
Authors: Northgraves Matthew , Allsup David , Cohen Judith , Huang Chao , Turgoose John , Ali Sahra
Published: February 2022

Background

Acute leukaemias (AL) are aggressive but potentially curable blood cancers that can potentially affect women of childbearing age. When a pregnancy is complicated by a diagnosis of AL, clinicians face a complex dilemma: to balance risking the mother’s survival through delayed AL treatment, against the potential harm to the foetus through exposure to anti-cancer drugs. Up until now, all guidance and advice regarding the management of AL in pregnancy, have been based on expert opinion and small case studies. There is a pressing need for more studies in the subject to address this evidence gap.

Methods and analysis

This study is a registry-based observational cohort study which aims to monitor and record the treatment outcomes of patients diagnosed with AL during pregnancy. Additionally, the study aims to assess pregnancy outcomes in patients who become pregnant following successful treatment. Prospective and historical cases from August 2009 onwards will be identified from AL treating haematology units within the UK. Details of diagnosis, AL treatment delivered, antenatal and postnatal outcomes for mother and neonate will be collected. This study will establish a new research database for Leukaemia in Pregnancy.

Trial registration

The study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04182074) on the 2nd December 2019.
Farm production diversity and women’s dietary diversity: Evidence from central Tunisia
Authors: Gaillard Cédric , Verger Eric O. , Dury Sandrine , Dop Marie Claude , El Ati Jalila ,   on behalf of the MEDINA Study Group
Published: February 2022

In the context of studies on the effects of agricultural production diversity, there are debates in the scientific community as to the level of diversification appropriate for improving dietary diversity. In Tunisia, agriculture is a strategic sector for the economy and a critical pillar of its food sovereignty. Using instrumental variable methods to account for endogeneity, we have estimated the association between agricultural production diversity and women’s dietary diversity among smallholder farming households in the Sidi Bouzid governorate (central Tunisia). Although we found a low level of agricultural production diversity and a fairly diversified diet among women, we observed a systematic weak positive association between five different indicators of agricultural production diversity and women’s dietary diversity. We observed a stronger positive association between women’s dietary diversity and women being more educated and households being wealthier. Neither diversity of food supplies in food markets nor market distance were associated with women’s dietary diversity, whereas we observed a higher level of consumption of some products (dairy) when they were produced on the farm.
Implementing and optimizing a communication curriculum in medical teaching: Stakeholders’ perspectives
Authors: Brünahl Christian Andreas , Hinding Barbara , Eilers Leonie , Höck Jennifer , Hollinderbäumer Anke , Buggenhagen Holger , Reschke Kirsten , Schultz Jobst-Hendrik , Jünger Jana
Published: February 2022

Objective

The relevance of communication in medical education is continuously increasing. At the Medical Faculty of Hamburg, the communication curriculum was further developed and optimized during this project. This article aims to describe the stakeholders’ perceived challenges and supporting factors in the implementation and optimization processes.

Methods

The initial communication curriculum and its development after a one-year optimization process were assessed with a curricular mapping. A SWOT analysis and group discussions were carried out to provide information on the need for optimization and on challenges the different stakeholders faced.

Results

The curricular mapping showed that the communication curriculum is comprehensive, coherent, integrated and longitudinal. In both the implementation and the project-related optimization processes, support from the dean, cooperation among all stakeholders and structural prerequisites were deemed the most critical factors for successfully integrating communication content into the curriculum.

Conclusion

The initiative and support of all stakeholders, including the dean, teachers and students, were crucial for the project’s success.

Practice implications

Although the implementation of a communication curriculum is recommended for all medical faculties, their actual implementation processes may differ. In a “top-down” and “bottom-up” approach, all stakeholders should be continuously involved in the process to ensure successful integration.
Psychosocial and environmental determinants of physical activity in a Brazilian public university employees - ELDAF: A prospective cohort study protocol
Authors: Oliveira Aldair J. , Lopes Claudia S. , Maranhão Neto Geraldo de Albuquerque , de Sousa Gustavo Mota , Paravidino Vitor , Rostila Mikael , Felippe Felix Mediano Mauro , Griep Rosane Harter , do Vale Wesley Souza , Frota da Rocha Morgado Fabiane
Published: February 2022

Background

Increased physical activity levels and their determinations are essential issues worldwide. The Longitudinal Study of Physical Activity Determinants (ELDAF) aims to understand the roles of psychosocial and environmental factors in workers’ physical activity levels.

Methods

A prospective cohort study of non-faculty civil servants from a public university (approximately 1,200 individuals) will start in 2022 (baseline). The primary measurements will be accelerometer- and questionnaire-based physical activity, social support, social network, socioeconomic status, bereavement, job stress, body image, common mental disorders, depression, and neighborhood satisfaction. Additional measurements will include necessary sociodemographic, physical morbidity, lifestyle and anthropometric information. Participants’ places of residence will be geocoded using complete addresses. All participants will furnish written, informed consent before the beginning of the study. Pilot studies were performed to identify and correct potential problems in the data collection instruments and procedures. ELDAF will be the first cohort study conducted in Latin America to investigate physical activity and its determinants.
Effect of osteoporosis-related reduction in the mechanical properties of bone on the acetabular fracture during a sideways fall: A parametric finite element approach
Authors: Khakpour Shahab , Esrafilian Amir , Tanska Petri , Mononen Mika E. , Korhonen Rami K. , Jämsä Timo
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The incidence of acetabular fractures due to low-energy falls is increasing among the geriatric population. Studies have shown that several biomechanical factors such as body configuration, impact velocity, and trochanteric soft-tissue thickness contribute to the severity and type of acetabular fracture. The effect of reduction in apparent density and elastic modulus of bone as well as other bone mechanical properties due to osteoporosis on low-energy acetabular fractures has not been investigated.

Methods

The current comprehensive finite element study aimed to study the effect of reduction in bone mechanical properties (trabecular, cortical, and trabecular + cortical) on the risk and type of acetabular fracture. Also, the effect of reduction in the mechanical properties of bone on the load-transferring mechanism within the pelvic girdle was examined.

Results

We observed that while the reduction in the mechanical properties of trabecular bone considerably affects the severity and area of trabecular bone failure, reduction in mechanical properties of cortical bone moderately influences both cortical and trabecular bone failure. The results also indicated that by reducing bone mechanical properties, the type of acetabular fracture turns from elementary to associated, which requires a more extensive intervention and rehabilitation period. Finally, we observed that the cortical bone plays a substantial role in load transfer, and by increasing reduction in the mechanical properties of cortical bone, a greater share of load is transmitted toward the pubic symphysis.

Conclusion

This study increases our understanding of the effect of osteoporosis progression on the incidence of low-energy acetabular fractures. The osteoporosis-related reduction in the mechanical properties of cortical bone appears to affect both the cortical and trabecular bones. Also, during the extreme reduction in the mechanical properties of bone, the acetabular fracture type will be more complicated. Finally, during the final stages of osteoporosis (high reduction in mechanical properties of bone) a smaller share of impact load is transferred by impact-side hemipelvis to the sacrum, therefore, an osteoporotic pelvis might mitigate the risk of sacral fracture.
Value of C-11 methionine PET/CT in patients with intracranial germinoma
Authors: Park Yong-Jin , Lee Ji Won , Cho Hee Won , Choe Yearn Seong , Lee Kyung-Han , Choi Joon Young , Sung Ki Woong , Moon Seung Hwan
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of C-11 methionine (MET) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in patients with intracranial germinoma (IG).

Material and methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 21 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed IGs and eight patients with intracranial non-germinomas (INGs) located in a similar region. Clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and tumor markers such as α-fetoprotein (AFP) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were used as clinical variables. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), tumor-to-normal tissue (T/N) ratio, and visual scoring of tumor were used as MET PET parameters.

Results

All IGs were well visualized on MET PET with a three-grade visual scoring system. In addition, SUVmax of IGs was higher than that of INGs (P = 0.005). Pre-treatment (Pre-Tx) T/N ratio was significantly correlated with pre-Tx serum HCG (P = 0.031). Moreover, MET PET parameters showed significant associations with tumor location, sex, KRAS variant, and symptoms.

Conclusion

MET PET/CT could be a useful diagnostic tool in patients suspected of having IGs. In addition, the MET avidity of tumor is a potential surrogate biomarker of HCG, which has been used as a diagnostic marker for IGs. Tumor MET parameters also had significant differences according to tumor locations, sex, symptoms, and KRAS mutation. However, MET avidity of tumors had no significant prognostic value.
Pleuropulmonary pathologies in the early phase of acute pancreatitis correlate with disease severity
Authors: Luiken Ina , Eisenmann Stephan , Garbe Jakob , Sternby Hanna , Verdonk Robert C. , Dimova Alexandra , Ignatavicius Povilas , Ilzarbe Lucas , Koiva Peeter , Penttilä Anne K. , Regnér Sara , Dober Johannes , Wohlgemuth Walter A. , Brill Richard , Michl Patrick , Rosendahl Jonas , Damm Marko
Published: February 2022

Background

Respiratory failure worsens the outcome of acute pancreatitis (AP) and underlying factors might be early detectable.

Aims

To evaluate the prevalence and prognostic relevance of early pleuropulmonary pathologies and pre-existing chronic lung diseases (CLD) in AP patients.

Methods

Multicentre retrospective cohort study. Caudal sections of the thorax derived from abdominal contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) performed in the early phase of AP were assessed. Independent predictors of severe AP were identified by binary logistic regression analysis. A one-year survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves and log rank test was performed.

Results

358 patients were analysed, finding pleuropulmonary pathologies in 81%. CECTs were performed with a median of 2 days (IQR 1–3) after admission. Multivariable analysis identified moderate to severe or bilateral pleural effusions (PEs) (OR = 4.16, 95%CI 2.05–8.45, p<0.001) and pre-existing CLD (OR = 2.93, 95%CI 1.17–7.32, p = 0.022) as independent predictors of severe AP. Log rank test showed a significantly worse one-year survival in patients with bilateral compared to unilateral PEs in a subgroup.

Conclusions

Increasing awareness of the prognostic impact of large and bilateral PEs and pre-existing CLD could facilitate the identification of patients at high risk for severe AP in the early phase and thus improve their prognosis.
Beyond inclusion: Enacting team equity in precision medicine research
Authors: Jeske Melanie , Vasquez Emily , Fullerton Stephanie M. , Saperstein Aliya , Bentz Michael , Foti Nicole , Shim Janet K. , Lee Sandra Soo-Jin
Published: February 2022

Purpose

To identify meanings of and challenges to enacting equitable diversification of genomics research, and specifically precision medicine research (PMR), teams.

Methods

We conducted in-depth interviews with 102 individuals involved in three U.S.-based precision medicine research consortia and conducted over 400 observation hours of their working group meetings, consortium-wide meetings, and conference presentations. We also reviewed published reports on genomic workforce diversity (WFD), particularly those relevant to the PMR community.

Results

Our study finds that many PMR teams encounter challenges as they strive to achieve equitable diversification on scientific teams. Interviewees articulated that underrepresented team members were often hired to increase the study’s capacity to recruit diverse research participants, but are limited to on-the-ground staff positions with little influence over study design. We find existing hierarchies and power structures in the academic research ecosystem compound challenges for equitable diversification.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that meaningful diversification of PMR teams will only be possible when team equity is prioritized as a core value in academic research communities.
Poly(ADP-ribose) potentiates ZAP antiviral activity
Authors: Xue Guangai , Braczyk Klaudia , Gonçalves-Carneiro Daniel , Dawidziak Daria M. , Sanchez Katarzyna , Ong Heley , Wan Yueping , Zadrozny Kaneil K. , Ganser-Pornillos Barbie K. , Bieniasz Paul D. , Pornillos Owen
Published: February 2022

Zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP), also known as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 13 (PARP13), is an antiviral factor that selectively targets viral RNA for degradation. ZAP is active against both DNA and RNA viruses, including important human pathogens such as hepatitis B virus and type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). ZAP selectively binds CpG dinucleotides through its N-terminal RNA-binding domain, which consists of four zinc fingers. ZAP also contains a central region that consists of a fifth zinc finger and two WWE domains. Through structural and biochemical studies, we found that the fifth zinc finger and tandem WWEs of ZAP combine into a single integrated domain that binds to poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), a cellular polynucleotide. PAR binding is mediated by the second WWE module of ZAP and likely involves specific recognition of an adenosine diphosphate-containing unit of PAR. Mutation of the PAR binding site in ZAP abrogates the interaction in vitro and diminishes ZAP activity against a CpG-rich HIV-1 reporter virus and murine leukemia virus. In cells, PAR facilitates formation of non-membranous sub-cellular compartments such as DNA repair foci, spindle poles and cytosolic RNA stress granules. Our results suggest that ZAP-mediated viral mRNA degradation is facilitated by PAR, and provides a biophysical rationale for the reported association of ZAP with RNA stress granules.
CAR/CXCR5-T cell immunotherapy is safe and potentially efficacious in promoting sustained remission of SIV infection
Authors: Pampusch Mary S. , Abdelaal Hadia M. , Cartwright Emily K. , Molden Jhomary S. , Davey Brianna C. , Sauve Jordan D. , Sevcik Emily N. , Rendahl Aaron K. , Rakasz Eva G. , Connick Elizabeth , Berger Edward A. , Skinner Pamela J.
Published: February 2022

During chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection prior to AIDS progression, the vast majority of viral replication is concentrated within B cell follicles of secondary lymphoid tissues. We investigated whether infusion of T cells expressing an SIV-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and the follicular homing receptor, CXCR5, could successfully kill viral-RNA+cells in targeted lymphoid follicles in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. In this study, CD4 and CD8 T cells from rhesus macaques were genetically modified to express antiviral CAR and CXCR5 moieties (generating CAR/CXCR5-T cells) and autologously infused into a chronically infected animal. At 2 days post-treatment, the CAR/CXCR5-T cells were located primarily in spleen and lymph nodes both inside and outside of lymphoid follicles. Few CAR/CXCR5-T cells were detected in the ileum, rectum, and lung, and no cells were detected in the bone marrow, liver, or brain. Within follicles, CAR/CXCR5-T cells were found in direct contact with SIV-viral RNA+cells. We next infused CAR/CXCR5-T cells into ART-suppressed SIV-infected rhesus macaques, in which the animals were released from ART at the time of infusion. These CAR/CXCR5-T cells replicated in vivo within both the extrafollicular and follicular regions of lymph nodes and accumulated within lymphoid follicles. CAR/CXR5-T cell concentrations in follicles peaked during the first week post-infusion but declined to undetectable levels after 2 to 4 weeks. Overall, CAR/CXCR5-T cell-treated animals maintained lower viral loads and follicular viral RNA levels than untreated control animals, and no outstanding adverse reactions were noted. These findings indicate that CAR/CXCR5-T cell treatment is safe and holds promise as a future treatment for the durable remission of HIV.
Live-cell fluorescence imaging of microgametogenesis in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Yahiya Sabrina , Jordan Sarah , Smith Holly X. , Gaboriau David C. A. , Famodimu Mufuliat T. , Dahalan Farah A. , Churchyard Alisje , Ashdown George W. , Baum Jake
Published: February 2022

Formation of gametes in the malaria parasite occurs in the midgut of the mosquito and is critical to onward parasite transmission. Transformation of the male gametocyte into microgametes, called microgametogenesis, is an explosive cellular event and one of the fastest eukaryotic DNA replication events known. The transformation of one microgametocyte into eight flagellated microgametes requires reorganisation of the parasite cytoskeleton, replication of the 22.9 Mb genome, axoneme formation and host erythrocyte egress, all of which occur simultaneously in <20 minutes. Whilst high-resolution imaging has been a powerful tool for defining stages of microgametogenesis, it has largely been limited to fixed parasite samples, given the speed of the process and parasite photosensitivity. Here, we have developed a live-cell fluorescence imaging workflow that captures the entirety of microgametogenesis. Using the most virulent human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, our live-cell approach captured early microgametogenesis with three-dimensional imaging through time (4D imaging) and microgamete release with two-dimensional (2D) fluorescence microscopy. To minimise the phototoxic impact to parasites, acquisition was alternated between 4D fluorescence, brightfield and 2D fluorescence microscopy. Combining live-cell dyes specific for DNA, tubulin and the host erythrocyte membrane, 4D and 2D imaging together enables definition of the positioning of newly replicated and segregated DNA. This combined approach also shows the microtubular cytoskeleton, location of newly formed basal bodies, elongation of axonemes and morphological changes to the erythrocyte membrane, the latter including potential echinocytosis of the erythrocyte membrane prior to microgamete egress. Extending the utility of this approach, the phenotypic effects of known transmission-blocking inhibitors on microgametogenesis were confirmed. Additionally, the effects of bortezomib, an untested proteasomal inhibitor, revealed a clear block of DNA replication, full axoneme nucleation and elongation. Thus, as well as defining a framework for broadly investigating microgametogenesis, these data demonstrate the utility of using live imaging to validate potential targets for transmission-blocking antimalarial drug development.
Exotoxin S secreted by internalized Pseudomonas aeruginosa delays lytic host cell death
Authors: Kroken Abby R. , Gajenthra Kumar Naren , Yahr Timothy L. , Smith Benjamin E. , Nieto Vincent , Horneman Hart , Evans David J. , Fleiszig Suzanne M. J.
Published: February 2022

ThePseudomonas aeruginosatoxin ExoS, secreted by the type III secretion system (T3SS), supports intracellular persistenceviaits ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPr) activity. For epithelial cells, this involves inhibiting vacuole acidification, promoting vacuolar escape, countering autophagy, and niche construction in the cytoplasm and within plasma membrane blebs. Paradoxically, ExoS and otherP.aeruginosaT3SS effectors can also have antiphagocytic and cytotoxic activities. Here, we sought to reconcile these apparently contradictory activities of ExoS by studying the relationships between intracellular persistence and host epithelial cell death. Methods involved quantitative imaging and the use of antibiotics that vary in host cell membrane permeability to selectively kill intracellular and extracellular populations after invasion. Results showed that intracellularP.aeruginosamutants lacking T3SS effector toxins could kill (permeabilize) cells when extracellular bacteria were eliminated. Surprisingly, wild-type strain PAO1 (encoding ExoS, ExoT and ExoY) caused cell death more slowly, the time extended from 5.2 to 9.5 h for corneal epithelial cells and from 10.2 to 13.0 h for HeLa cells. Use of specific mutants/complementation and controls for initial invasion showed that ExoS ADPr activity delayed cell death. Triggering T3SS expression only after bacteria invaded cells using rhamnose-induction in T3SS mutants rescued the ExoS-dependent intracellular phenotype, showing that injected effectors from extracellular bacteria were not required. The ADPr activity of ExoS was further found to support internalization by countering the antiphagocytic activity of both the ExoS and ExoT RhoGAP domains. Together, these results show two additional roles for ExoS ADPr activity in supporting the intracellular lifestyle ofP.aeruginosa; suppression of host cell death to preserve a replicative niche and inhibition of T3SS effector antiphagocytic activities to allow invasion. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that ExoS-encoding (invasive)P.aeruginosastrains can be facultative intracellular pathogens, and that intracellularly secreted T3SS effectors contribute to pathogenesis.
The redistribution of the Tourism Flow in Destination (TFD) from spatial-temporal concentration. Seville is flowing.
Authors: Foronda Robles Concepción , García López Ana María , Navarro Franco Irene
Published: February 2022

This research seeks to interrelate the spatial-temporal behaviour of tourists in the historic centres of urban destinations with the evolution and configuration of Urban Tourism Precincts, based on the analysis of tourist flows and the delimitation of the different tourist areas. For this purpose, the city of Seville was used as a case study, since it is the third urban destination in Spain with the highest number of visitors and overnight stays per year. In terms of methodology, direct observation techniques and GPS tracking technology are used to quantify and track groups of tourists in route, thus obtaining the different types of Tourist Flows in Destination and Tourist Zones. This study shows that tourism is growing and that it has become evident beyond the traditional concentration of visitors in the historical centres. A process of redistribution of flows with territorial repercussions on the use of public space is under way.
Evaluación de los factores estratégicos del sector hotelero en la provincia de Sabana Centro, Colombia
Authors: Arias-Olmos Elka Liliana , Montes-Guerra Maricela Isabel , Castro-Ríos Guido Angello
Published: February 2022

El artículo busca identificar la presencia de factores estratégicos internos en los establecimientos de alojamientos y hospedaje de la provincia de Sabana Centro en el departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia. Se realizó el análisis a partir de fundamentos teóricos de tres factores estratégicos internos que soportan la creación de ventajas competitivas a largo plazo: activos organizacionales, marketing mix y activos reputacionales. Para la recolección de la información se desarrolló un instrumento que se aplicó a los establecimientos formalmente constituidos en la zona. Los resultados evidencian que en su mayoría los establecimientos de alojamiento y hospedaje en la provincia de Sabana Centro adolecen de los factores estratégico internos sugeridos por la teoría de management. Podrían ser apoyados por instituciones públicas y privadas para implementarlos y así impulsarlos a tener una oferta más consistente y competitiva. Esta investigación finalizó meses antes del inicio la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19 y sus efectos no fueron estudiados, pero los resultados aportan a su recuperación en un futuro próximo.
La integración de emprendedores turísticos a redes de cooperación inter-empresarial en entornos rurales: Un análisis relacional
Authors: Cruz Coria Erika , Olmos Martínez Elizabeth , Ibarra Michel Juan Pedro
Published: February 2022

Las micro y pequeñas empresas turísticas y los emprendimientos comunitarios en el ámbito rural tienen que hacer frente a diversos desafíos impuestos por el entorno, además de encontrar estrategias para configurar destinos más innovadores. Las redes de cooperación inter-empresarial (RCI) son estructuras de relaciones sociales que les permiten aprovechar eficientemente los recursos locales y activar las capacidades empresariales. Se presenta una revisión de literatura que busca identificar los factores que determinan la integración social (ISI de los emprendedores turísticos en RCI en entornos rurales; simultáneamente se abordan las ventajas que estos factores generan para su participación en relaciones de cooperación. Es una investigación exploratoria y descriptiva que presenta la revisión de 92 artículos científicos de revistas internacionales. Se optó por un diseño articulado al Análisis Temático (AT) que permitió la creación de 41 subcategorías que corresponden a los factores y las ventajas de IS. Para el análisis de la relación entre estas se utilizó el software Atlas. ti y, Gephi para visualizar las relaciones y las comunidades de códigos a través de una red. Entre los factores determinantes están los fuertes lazos locales y los lazos con actores externos. Los primeros, influyen en la integración de los emprendedores a redes de cooperación local, mientras que los segundos en su integración en redes para la innovación.
El incremento del turismo de proximidad en Cataluña en verano de 2020: una oportunidad para la consolidación del turismo rural como una forma de turismo sostenible y segura
Authors: Dot Jutglà Esteve , Romagosa Casals Francesc , Noguera Noguera Maria
Published: February 2022

En la primera parte del año 2020 la crisis sanitaria del COVID-19 tuvo un enorme impacto negativo sobre el sector turístico. Con el desconfinamiento del verano se produjo un retorno relativo a la actividad, pero muy desigual según territorios y tipos de alojamiento turístico. El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis de la situación de la oferta y la demanda de turismo rural en Cataluña durante el verano de 2020, y su relación con la sostenibilidad. La hipótesis de investigación plantea que el turismo de proximidad experimentó un fuerte crecimiento en Cataluña durante ese período, siendo los espacios rurales y la tipología de establecimiento de turismo rural unos de los principales beneficiados, compensando el descenso del turismo internacional, posibilitando al mismo tiempo la consolidación de prácticas turísticas sostenibles.
Impacto de la actividad turística sobre la pobreza: evidencia para los municipios chilenos mediante un enfoque espacial
Authors: Gálvez Gamboa Francisco Andrés , Muñoz Henriquez Erik Mauricio
Published: February 2022

La pobreza es utilizada comúnmente como un indicador que mide el desarrollo social de un territorio. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo analizar la incidencia de la actividad turística sobre la pobreza utilizando como base datos agregados a nivel municipal para el caso de Chile. La metodología empleada fue cuantitativa, con un enfoque en herramientas de econometría espacial. Se estimó un modelo espacial Durbin (SDM), que permitió modelar el efecto espacial del rezago de la variable dependiente y el rezago espacial de las variables independientes. Los resultados mostraron que existe asociación espacial de la pobreza a nivel municipal, además, que el desarrollo de la actividad turística y su intensidad contribuyen a mejorar este indicador. Lo anterior sugiere un efecto externalidad positivo del turismo y su contribución a la reducción de la pobreza a nivel territorial, en el caso de los municipios chilenos. Como implicancias prácticas, es indispensable la generación de estrategias que fortalezcan la actividad turística para favorecer el empleo y entorno económico local, dado que lo anterior contribuye al mejoramiento del desarrollo de los municipios.
Haemophilus influenzaenon-type b Invasive Disease in Children ≤ 5 yearsof age: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Abd El Nour Monica , Saleh Ezzeldin , Rodriguez Marcela , Chaudhary Subhash , Caprirolo Giovanna , Acakpo-Satchivi Leslie
Published: February 2022

Background:

Haemophilus influenzae

type b (Hib) was the leading cause of invasive disease in children <5 years of age before the introduction of Hib conjugate vaccines. Invasive disease due to non-type H. influenzae has been increasingly reported.

Aims:

To describe a case of invasive non-type b
Haemophilus influenzae and review the literature.

Case and Methods:

We describe a case of a 4-month-old male presented with fever and lethargy, subsequently diagnosed with bacteremia and meningitis due to
Haemophilus influenzae type a (Hia). His clinical course was complicated by subdural empyema (figure 1) and seizures with complete recovery following surgical drainage and prolonged antibiotic therapy. We searched PubMed and Embase from 2010 to 2020 for case reports of non-type b Hi invasive disease in children ≤ 5 years.

Results:

Out of 138 articles screened, 17 were selected for review. 31 individual cases were summarized with 25% reported in the US. Calculated mean age was 1.5 years (range 0-5 years). Most common presentation was bacteremia (80%, 25) and meningitis (55%, 17). Most cases caused by Hia (52%, 16). About 29% (9) has underlying combordities, and additional 13% (4) were later diagnosed with immunodeficiency condition. Subdural collection and seizures occurred separately in 16% (5) Majority of patients recovered, and 3 (10%) died.

Conclusion:

Non-type b Hi invasive disease can lead to high morbidity and mortality in children. Epidemiologic surveillance and serotyping are crucial to monitor changing epidemiology of Hi invasive disease. Inclusion of non-type b
strains in the Hib conjugate vaccine may be necessary to protect against
H. influenzae invasive disease
.
Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental
Authors: Modesto Monica Andrade , Dellela Blengini Isabelle Aparecida , Lima de Oliveira Nepomuceno Aline , Oliveira Araujo Maria Inêz
Published: February 2022

O Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação Ambiental de Sergipe (GEPEASE), situado na Universidade Federal de Sergipe, realiza reuniões de estudos e discussões epistemológicas embasadas na tendência crítica da Educação Ambiental. Nesse sentido, este trabalho, do tipo Estado da Arte, tem como objetivo avaliar a produção científica ligada ao GEPEASE, referente ao interstício 2017-2021, a fim de compreender as tendências teórico-metodológicas que orientaram as pesquisas desenvolvidas no grupo, ancorando-se nos princípios da Educação Ambiental Crítica. Os resultados mais expressivos dos trabalhos analisados, emergentes da Análise Textual Discursiva, estão ligados: a) aos autores e às autoras referências desses trabalhos, b) às discussões voltadas para a dimensão socioambiental não reducionista, c) ao enfrentamento a práticas conservadoras e d) ao movimento de ruptura com o paradigma vigente do capital. Dessa forma, o GEPEASE se reafirma como espaço de resistência, discussão e construção.
Onde está o/a educador ambiental na formação docente em Biologia e em Geografia?
Authors: Maknamara Marlécio
Published: February 2022

Movimentações sobre possibilidades de relação entre educação ambiental e as disciplinas de Biologia e de Geografia ensejam a hipótese de que práticas de formação docente para tais disciplinas seriam instâncias privilegiadas de constituição de educadores/as ambientais. Este artigo objetiva esboçar conceitos e procedimentos para rastrear indícios da constituição de educadores/as ambientais em narrativas (auto)biográficas de docentes dessas disciplinas, discutindo modos de acessar e de problematizar tais narrativas. Os resultados explicitam limites de conceitos e procedimentos tomados como promissores e os cuidados éticos para esquadrinhar as narrativas (auto)biográficas de docentes. Conclui-se pela necessidade de ampliar formas de atenção desse campo às possibilidades constitutivas de educadores/as ambientais em instâncias, dimensões e questões ainda não exploradas.
A produção da Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental no Nordeste e Pesquisa Dialógica
Authors: Figueiredo João Batista de Albuquerque
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo apresenta uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa que objetiva anunciar o estado da arte da Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental (EA), no âmbito dos Programas de Pós-Graduação, do Nordeste Brasileiro, até 2018. Utilizamos como referencial teórico-metodológico a Pesquisa Dialógica associada à Bricolagem, enquanto método e técnica de pesquisa. Investigamos todos os grupos de pesquisa que se diziam trabalhar com EA e dissertações e Teses que traziam como palavra-chave essa temática. Dialogamos com artigos, com vistas à interagir e aprofundar reflexões. Como resultado, constatamos que existe uma certa volaticidade no que se refere a explicitar as opções teóricas, ainda que exista forte tendência da pesquisa em EA se identificar com as abordagens ditas críticas de EA. Porém, muitas ainda se configuram concretamente como propostas fenomenológicas, compreensivistas, sem impacto efetivo nas transformações sociais desejadas.
Irritable bowel syndrome and long-term risk of cancer: a prospective cohort study among 0.5 million adults in UK Biobank
Authors: Wu Shanshan , Yuan Changzheng , Liu Si , Zhang Qian , Yang Zhirong , Sun Feng , Zhan Siyan , Zhu Shengtao , Zhang Shutian
Published: February 2022

Introduction

To investigate the prospective association of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with long-term risk of overall, site-specific cancer and cancer specific mortality in general population.

Methods

Participants free of inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease and any cancer at baseline from the UK Biobank were included, with IBS patients as exposure group and non-IBS patients as reference group. Primary outcome was the incidence of overall cancer and cancer specific mortality. Secondary outcomes included site-specific cancers and types of digestive cancers. Cox proportional hazard model was used to investigate the associated risk of incident malignancies and related mortality.

Results

Among 449,595 participants, 22338(5.0%) were diagnosed with IBS. During a median of 12.2-year follow-up, 2937 cases of incident cancer were identified in IBS patients (11.47 per 1000 person-years), compared with 60,556 cases in reference individuals (12.51 per 1000 person-years). Of these cases, 512 and 12,282 cancer specific deaths occurred in IBS and non-IBS groups. Compared with non-IBS, the adjusted hazard ratio for overall cancer and cancer specific mortality was 0.97 (95%CI: 0.93-1.00, P=0.062) and 0.83 (0.76-0.91, P<0.001) among IBS patients. Specifically, decreased risk of digestive [0.79 (0.71-0.89)], particularly colon [0.75 (0.62-0.90)] and rectal [0.68 (0.49-0.93)] cancers were observed in IBS patients. Further sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis by age and gender indicated similar results.

Discussion Compared with the general population, IBS does not increase the overall risk of cancer. Conversely, IBS is associated with lower risk of incident colorectal cancer and cancer specific mortality.
ALIENASI TERHADAP ALAM: KRITIK EKOFEMINIS TERHADAP KARYA BARBARA KINGSOLVER, HOMELAND
Authors: Susanti Wulandari Rini
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to present ecofeminist insights into the connection between the domination toward women and nature through reading of Barbara Kingsolver’s short story, Homeland. Environment destruction that has occurred in decades endangers the life on earth. Based on the ecofeminism, the one who gets the worst impact of this devastation is women. Furthermore, the ecofeminists say that there is a very close relation between women and nature.  Clean water, forest, farming, and health become women’s concern. In short, these two ideas let women become aware of the environmental issues. They will take action or speak out whenever environment is mistreated or abused. In Homeland, Kingsolver presents a picture of American Indian descendants life that gives high appreciation to nature embedded in their traditional values and customs through the female characters.  She brings us to the fascinating exploration of the values that shows the connection between domination over women and nature. However, modernism brings about alienation toward her ancestor’s land.
Incorrect Strategies Developed by Seventh- Grade Students to Solve Proportional Reasoning Problems
Authors: KARLI Meltem Gulsum , YILDIZ Esra
Published: February 2022

This study was conducted to determine the incorrect strategies developed by seventh-grade students to solve problems that require proportional reasoning and evaluate their solutions according to SOLO Taxonomy. This two-stage case study was conducted in a public school in the Central Black Sea region. The Proportional Reasoning Skill Test was administered to 33 seventh-grade students in the first stage. In the second stage, semi-structured interviews were held with 10 students by determining the 5 problems that students made mistakes in most. The students developed 5 different incorrect strategies when solving problems requiring proportional reasoning: additive relationships, data neglect, using numbers and no content, giving an emotional response, and failure to identify non-proportional situations. Students had difficulty identifying non-proportional situations and established additive relationships in problems requiring multiplicative relationships. Also, the levels of the participants were examined with the SOLO Taxonomy Rubric developed for proportional reasoning skills. Accordingly, the students with a high level of proportional reasoning were at abstract and relational structure levels, whereas those with moderate scores were at uni-structural and multi-structural levels. The students with low scores had low-level skills according to SOLO Taxonomy criteria.
Using Electronic Services Provided by the Ministry of National Education as a Decision Support System: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: YORUK Tayfun , GUNBAYI Ilhan
Published: February 2022

This study aims to put forward a theory for transforming electronic services provided by the Ministry of National Education and used in the schools into decision support systems within the scope of management information systems. This study is a theoretical study based on qualitative research methods using the interpretive paradigm. School administrators, psychological counselors, and guidance counselors make up the research group on the premise that it is voluntary.In the research, semi-structured interview forms were used as a data collection tool, the answers of the participants were recorded on a voice recorder, the recordings were analyzed and transcribed. Themes were obtained by applying open, axial, and selective coding, which are the steps of theory studies based on content analysis, using the NVivo 10.0 program on the obtained transcripts. In the light of these themes, a general model has been obtained explaining the transformation of management information systems into decision support systems. When the findings were examined, it was seen that the model obtained was similar to the open system theory. Accordingly, "Effective User Interface", "Collective Participation Based Monitoring System" and "Statistical Reporting", which correspond to the elements of open system theory, form the basis of the decision support system model to be applied in schools.
Demand forecast for parking spaces and parking areas in Olomouc
Authors: Cempírek Václav , Turek Michal , Kalupová Blanka , Šaradín Pavel
Published: February 2022

The study focuses on the issue of parking in Olomouc and in two localities of this city: the Foerstrova and Hodolany areas. In the first part of the manuscript, general data, approaches, and methods regarding the process of designing parking areas as well as the demand forecasting for parking spaces, when explaining the principles of regression analysis itself, are presented. The second part of the article, which represents a crucial section of the conducted research study, discusses the very analysis of the parking situation and parking demand forecasting for both areas being investigated. As for major findings, an increasing trend related to the number of cars per 1,000 inhabitants in Olomouc can be observed. Furthermore, following the performed analyses and forecasts, it can be stated that there is a parking deficiency issue, which needs to be addressed in the future.
Neutron diffraction study of the low-temperature ageing of martensite in dual-phase steel
Authors: Waterschoot Tom , De Cooman Bruno C. , Vandeputte Sven , Conlon Kelly
Published: February 2022

Neutron diffraction measurements were used to obtain a better understanding of the ageing behaviour in dual-phase ferrite + martensite steels. Therefore, the influence of different ageing treatments on the tempering of low-alloyed 0.4 and 0.7% C FeMnCrMo-martensite and 0.1% C FeMnCrMo dual-phase steels was investigated. On tempering at 170 and 350 °C, the sequential precipitation of g- and h-carbides, as well as the loss of tetragonality was observed in the martensite. The decrease in austenite lattice parameter after tempering is due to stress relaxation in the material. These observations offer an acceptable explanation for the large yield stress increase after ageing at 170 °C.
Investigation of interfacial reactions between Sn–Ag–Bi–In solder and (Cu, electroless Ni–P/Cu) substrate
Authors: Yoon Jeong-Won , Lee Chang-Yong , Lee Chang-Bae , Yoo Choong-Sik , Jung Seung-Boo
Published: February 2022

The growth kinetics of intermetallic compound layers formed between Sn–3Ag–8Bi – 5In solder and (Cu, electroless Ni – P/Cu) substrate were investigated at temperatures between 70 and 170 °C for 1 to 60 days. The layer growth of the intermetallic compounds in the Sn–Ag– Bi – In/Cu and Sn–Ag –Bi – In/electroless Ni –P systems satisfied the parabolic time law. As a whole, because the values of time exponent have approximately 0.5, the layer growth is mainly controlled by diffusion. The apparent activation energies for the growth of the Cu6Sn5 and Ni3Sn4 intermetallic compounds are 81.4 and 67.1 kJ/mol, respectively.
Fatigue life and cyclic deformation behaviour of quenched and tempered steel AISI 4140 at two-step stress- and total-strain-controlled push–pull loading
Authors: Schulze V. , Lang K.-H. , Macherauch E.
Published: February 2022

The behaviour of steels at multi-step cyclic loading was explored up to now almost exclusively in fatigue-life-oriented investigations. Thus, only few works exist dealing with the cyclic deformation behaviour at two- and multi-step loading. Therefore, the cyclic deformation behaviour at two-step experiments with a single amplitude change (2-block experiments) and with multiple changes between two blocks of certain length and different amplitudes (multi-block experiments) was investigated in this work at the technically important steel AISI 4140 (German grade 42CrMo4).
Untersuchungen zur Anrisslebensdauervorhersage gekerbter Proben mit dem örtlichen Konzept am Beispiel des Stahls Cm15
Authors: Laue Sascha , Bomas Hubert , Mayr Peter
Published: February 2022

Eine zutreffende Lebensdauervorhersage für gekerbte Proben mit dem örtlichen Konzept auf der Basis von Daten, die an glatten Proben ermittelt wurden, setzt voraus, dass bei identischer zyklischer Beanspruchung ein vergleichbarer Schädigungsablauf an der glatten und der gekerbten Probe auftritt. Die an einem normalgeglühten Stahl Cm15 durchgeführten Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass die an glatten Proben beobachtete Bildung und Ausbreitung von Ermüdungslüdersbändern und die damit verbundene Aufrauung der Probenoberfläche bei inhomogener Beanspruchung eingeschränkt wird, was zu einer Verletzung des oben angeführten Äquivalenzprinzips und damit zu deutlichen Unterschieden der Anrisslebensdauern bei gleicher örtlicher Beanspruchung führen kann. Durch eine Grobkornglühung des Werkstoffes gewinnt die Rissbildung an den Korngrenzen oder an Ermüdungsgleitbändern an Bedeutung. Dadurch wird der Effekt der Lüdersdehnung verringert, wodurch sich eine Verbesserung der Vorhersagegenauigkeit mit dem örtlichen Konzept erzielen ließ.