bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blood transfusion in cats
Authors: Pennisi Maria Grazia , Hartmann Katrin , Addie Diane D , Lutz Hans , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Horzinek Marian C , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Marsilio Fulvio , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Möstl Karin ,   European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases
Published: June 2015

Overview:

The availability of blood components has increased the number of indications for transfusing cats, and fresh whole blood is readily accessible to clinicians because it can be taken from in-house donor cats or ‘volunteer’ feline blood donors. A certain amount of risk remains to the recipient cat, as immediate or delayed adverse reactions can occur during or after transfusion, related to immunemediated mechanisms. This article, however, focuses on adverse events caused by infectious agents, which may originate either from contamination of blood following incorrect collection, storage or transfusion, or from transfusion of contaminated blood obtained from an infected donor.

Prevention of blood contamination:

In cats, blood cannot be collected through a closed system and, therefore, collection of donor blood requires a multi-step manipulation of syringes and other devices. It is crucial that each step of the procedure is performed under the strictest aseptic conditions and that bacterial contamination of blood bags is prevented, as bacterial endotoxins can cause an immediate febrile reaction or even fatal shock in the recipient cat.

Prevention of disease transmission:

With a view to preventing transmission of blood-borne infectious diseases, the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine has adopted basic criteria for selecting pathogens to be tested for in donor pets. The worldwide core screening panel for donor cats includes feline leukaemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, Bartonella species and feline haemoplasma. The list should be adapted to the local epidemiological situation concerning other vector-borne feline infections. The most practical, rapid and inexpensive measure to reduce transfusion risk is to check the risk profile of donor cats on the basis of a written questionnaire. Blood transfusion can never, however, be considered entirely safe.
Disinfectant choices in veterinary practices, shelters and households
Authors: Addie Diane D , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Horzinek Marian C , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Möstl Karin ,   European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases
Published: June 2015

Overview:

Regardless of whether a pathogen is viral, bacterial, parasitic, fungal or an emerging unknown, the mainstay of infectious disease control is hygiene, and the cornerstone of good hygiene is effective disinfection.

Challenges and current choices:

Certain pathogens present a challenge to kill effectively: parvovirus, protozoal oocysts, mycobacteria, bacterial spores and prions resist most disinfectants but can be eliminated through heat, especially steam, which will kill protozoal oocysts. Heat is the safest and most effective disinfectant, but cannot be universally applied. Temperatures in washing machines and dishwashers should be at least 60°C to eliminate pathogenic spores and resistant viruses. Enveloped viruses are susceptible to most disinfectants; of the non-enveloped viruses, parvovirus is recognised as being the most difficult to eradicate. Sodium hypochlorite is recommended for many applications: cleaning of floors, laundry, food preparation surfaces and utensils. Skin scrubs and rubs containing alcohols are more effective than those containing chlorhexidine, and less subject to contamination.

Disinfectants to avoid:

Deficiency of the enzyme UDP-glucuronosyl transferase renders the cat susceptible to the toxic effects of phenol-based disinfectants (including many essential oils), so these should be avoided in feline environments. Quaternary ammonium compounds (eg, benzalkonium chloride) are also probably best avoided.

The future:

Veterinary disinfection approaches in the future may include use of ultraviolet radiation and, increasingly, silver.
Waiting More Than 100 Years for the Second Avenue Subway to Arrive
Authors: Plotch Philip Mark
Published: June 2015

Decade after decade, New York’s elected officials have deliberately raised false expectations about their ability to build a Second Avenue subway line. As a result, the city and state have wasted resources, eliminated critical transit infrastructure, and nearly ruined the nation’s most important transit system.
Regional pressure and temperature variations across the injured human brain: comparisons between paired intraparenchymal and ventricular measurements
Authors: Childs Charmaine , Shen Liang
Published: June 2015

Introduction

Intraparenchymal, multimodality sensors are commonly used in the management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The ‘gold standard’, based on accuracy, reliability and cost for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is within the cerebral ventricle (external strain gauge). There are no standards yet for intracerebral temperature monitoring and little is known of temperature differences between brain tissue and ventricle. The aim of the study therefore was to determine pressure and temperature differences at intraparenchymal and ventricular sites during five days of continuous neuromonitoring.

Methods

Patients with severe TBI requiring emergency surgery. Inclusion criteria: patients who required ICP monitoring were eligible for recruitment. Two intracerebral probe types were used: a) intraventricular, dual parameter sensor (measuring pressure, temperature) with inbuilt catheter for CSF drainage: b) multiparameter intraparenchymal sensor measuring pressure, temperature and oxygen partial pressure. All sensors were inserted during surgery and under aseptic conditions.

Results

Seventeen patients, 12 undergoing neurosurgery (decompressive craniectomy n = 8, craniotomy n = 4) aged 21–78 years were studied. Agreement of measures for 9540 brain tissue-ventricular temperature ‘pairs’ and 10,291 brain tissue-ventricular pressure ‘pairs’ were determined using mixed model to compare mean temperature and pressure for longitudinal data.

There was no significant overall difference for mean temperature (p = 0.92) or mean pressure readings (p = 0.379) between tissue and ventricular sites. With 95.8 % of paired temperature readings within 2SD (−0.4 to 0.4 °C) differences in temperature between brain tissue and ventricle were clinically insignificant. For pressure, 93.5 % of readings pairs fell within the 2SD range (−9.4756 to 7.8112 mmHg). However, for individual patients, agreement for mean tissue-ventricular pressure differences was poor on occasions.

Conclusions

There is good overall agreement between paired temperature measurements obtained from deep white matter and brain ventricle in patients with and without early neurosurgery. For paired ICP measurements, 93.5 % of readings were within 2SD of mean difference. Whilst the majority of paired readings were comparable (within 10 mmHg) clinically relevant tissue-ventricular dissociations were noted. Further work is required to unravel the events responsible for short intervals of pressure dissociation before tissue pressure readings can be definitively accepted as a reliable surrogate for ventricular pressure.
Use of RNA sequencing to evaluate rheumatic disease patients
Authors: Giannopoulou Eugenia G , Elemento Olivier , Ivashkiv Lionel B
Published: June 2015

Studying the factors that control gene expression is of substantial importance for rheumatic diseases with poorly understood etiopathogenesis. In the past, gene expression microarrays have been used to measure transcript abundance on a genome-wide scale in a particular cell, tissue or organ. Microarray analysis has led to gene signatures that differentiate rheumatic diseases, and stages of a disease, as well as response to treatments. Nowadays, however, with the advent of next-generation sequencing methods, massive parallel sequencing of RNA tends to be the technology of choice for gene expression profiling, due to several advantages over microarrays, as well as for the detection of non-coding transcripts and alternative splicing events. In this review, we describe how RNA sequencing enables unbiased interrogation of the abundance and complexity of the transcriptome, and present a typical experimental workflow and bioinformatics tools that are often used for RNA sequencing analysis. We also discuss different uses of this next-generation sequencing technology to evaluate rheumatic disease patients and investigate the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and Sjögren’s syndrome.
On monotone Ćirić quasi-contraction mappings with a graph
Authors: Alfuraidan Monther Rashed
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of fixed points for monotone quasi-contraction mappings in metric and modular metric spaces endowed with a graph. This is the extension of Ran and Reurings and Jachymski fixed point theorems for monotone contraction mappings in partially ordered metric spaces and in metric spaces endowed with a graph to the case of quasi-contraction mappings introduced by Ćirić.
Review on airborne electromagnetic inverse theory and applications
Authors: Chang-Chun Yin , Xiu-Yan Ren , Yun-He Liu , Yan-Fu Qi , Chang-Kai Qiu , Jing Cai
Published: June 2015

Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data processing and inversion has progressed from the early conductivity-depth imaging, to 1D inversion for a layered earth model, and most recently to 2D/3D inversions. The new processes have used methods for searching for solutions, applying constraints, and focusing images, such as Occam’s, laterally constrained, and holistic inversions. For airborne data imaging and 1D inversion, some algorithms are fast, whereas others have control over data misfit and the vertical or lateral smoothness. Beyond 1D algorithms, 2D/3D inversions are based on currently used methods such as isolated conductor models (which are good for highly conductive orebodies in resistive background) and techniques that discretized regions that are used for more complex structures and backgrounds. In the latter case, the computations are slow, so research is focusing on time-efficient computer algorithms for solving the equations such as Gauss-Newton, quasi-Newton, and nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithms. For the electromagnetic (EM) problem, the solution can be obtained in a more practical time frame if material that has minimal impact is ignored. Two approaches can be used to speedup the EM inversion process — the moving footprint and direct solver methods. We hope our work will to some extent help stimulate and focus the research in AEM inversion.
DISCOURSE MARKER LIKE IN REAL Time: CHARACTERIZING THE Time-Course OF SOCIOLINGUISTIC IMPRESSION FORMATION
Authors: Hesson Ashley , Shellgren Madeline
Published: June 2015

Discourse marker like (DML) is recognized as a highly stigmatized feature of American English, one with strong ideological ties to inarticulate, “Valley Girl” speech. Previous work suggests that individual listeners form impressions that both reference and perpetuate DML's status, as DML-containing speech is judged as friendlier and less intelligent than controls. Though informative, such studies cannot speak to the magnitude and/or stability of DML-based impressions nor to the potential interactions between said effects and individual processing styles. The current study continuously measures real-time listener evaluations of speech samples differing only by a single use of DML using a dynamic motion-capture interface. It also integrates a measure of participants' social interaction preferences and cognitive flexibility, thus assessing the influence of individual differences on participants' moment-by-moment impression formation. Our results indicate that DML has an initial negative effect on both friendliness and intelligence ratings. While the “unfriendly” perception is relatively transient, the “unintelligent” evaluation persists and intensifies over time. Individuals with relatively high levels of social aptitude and/or cognitive flexibility are largely responsible for these trends. Collectively, these results offer a preliminary characterization of the sociocognitive interplay between individual, interpersonal, and societal influences on attitude formation.
Sustainable Supply Chain Management: a Literature review on Brazilian publications
Authors: Da Silva Minelle Enéas , Neutzling Daiane Mulling , Alves Ana Paula Ferreira , Dias Patrícia , Dos Santos Carlos Alberto Frantz , Nascimento Luis Felipe
Published: June 2015

Based on the progress in the international research on sustainability and supply chains, this paper aims to analyze how the concept of Sustainable Supply Chain Management has been explored in papers published in major Brazilian journals and conference proceedings, especially regarding the research areas of operations management and sustainability. Recognizing the theme as incipient in Brazil, there are few published studies, mainly in relation to journals, with a total of 44 papers focused specifically on the topic. The literature review indicates that the understanding of the topic includes recurrent discussions with environmental or economic dimensions. However, a comprehensive definition of the concept, i.e., including social issues, is lacking. Therefore, this creates a research gap and an opportunity for Brazilian researchers to contribute to the gradually developing field.DOI: 12660/joscmv8n1p29-45URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv8n1p29-45
STATE YOUTH POLICY: FROM PAST TO PRESENT
Authors: Елисеев  , Eliseev Anatoliy
Published: June 2015

The article deals with the historical experience of the formation and development of the state youth policy. The experience of state policy in relation to young people throughout the XX century is analyzed, the role of the Communist Party in the development of youth policy is showed, the role of the Young Communist League in the solution of problems faced by the young generation of the country is traced.
PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSURANCE MARKET IN CRISIS
Authors: Мироненко  , Mironenko Aleksey
Published: June 2015

In the article an analysis of the outcome of the country´s insurance companies and certain regional offices in 2014 is made, which shows the lack of attention of insurers to such factor of stability as customer loyalty. At the same time, focus on corporate services of large companies in crisis makes insurance companies dependent on macroeconomic processes, while the insurance market gained experience and established its own ramified system of services that can provide a significant increase in the insurance sector up to the standards of developed countries.
ABOUT ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF REGULATION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE FAMILY FORMER MEMBERS OF THE OWNER OF PREMISES BY THE LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Дмитриева  , Dmitrieva Nelli
Published: June 2015

In the article the analysis of the problems connected with realization of the housing rights by the family former members of the owner of premises according to the housing legislation is presented. The author reveals a number of shortcomings of legal regulation of the studied relations. As a result suggestions for improvement of the mechanism of realization of the housing rights of the family former members of the owner of premises are formulated.
MARKETING RESEARCH CONSUMER PERFORMANCE FOOD
Authors: Ляпина  , Lyapina Innara , Проконина  , Prokonina Oksana
Published: June 2015

The main issue facing now is to find out who gets the consumers of their products. Possessing such information, the company can focus its activities on track and achieve maximum understanding with his clientele. In this regard, the article is devoted to studying the effect of different segmentation criteria for the behavior of consumers of food products.
FEATURES OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF STATE INSTITUTIONS AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Authors: Тишков  , Tishkov Dmitriy
Published: June 2015

The article deals with the legal status of state-owned public institutions in connection with the reform of the public sector in the Russian Federation. The author examines the characteristics of property rights, responsibilities and the nature of the activities carried out by public institutions.
Industrial Complexes, Foreign Expertise and the Imagining of a New Levant
Authors: Handel Dan , Nitzan-Shiftan Alona
Published: June 2015

In the 1980s, Israeli industrialist Stef Wertheimer proposed transforming the eastern Mediterranean into a transnational economic bloc that would overcome territorial conflicts through shared prosperity. This vision grew out of his extensive correspondence during the 1970s with local and international experts. In a grand scheme he called the ‘New Levant’, multiple ‘industrial gardens’ – industrial enclaves for entrepreneurial development – would accommodate technological incubators in a sachlich (matter-of-fact) architectural environment. Several examples of the industrial garden model have been built in and around Israel. This article argues that the ‘New Levant’ scheme on the one hand echoed a contemporary geopolitical divide between oil and non-oil producing countries, and, on the other, a moment of proto-globalization of national economies in the region. The article further aligns this vision of a Levantine network with scholarly depictions of the historic Levant – a territory in which extraterritorial capitulation, pragmatism and foreign expertise facilitated transnational economic exchange. Furthermore, it is suggested that the architecture of the industrial gardens spatially articulates economic processes. The economy-driven architecture and planning of the ‘New Levant’ thus became an efficient vehicle for negotiating national and cultural boundaries. As such, it allows for a critical reading of the region’s globalization and emerging identities.
Genetic patterns in range-edge populations of Vaccinium species from the central Balkans: implications on conservation prospects and sustainable usage
Authors: Bjedov Ivana , Obratov–Petković Dragica , Mišić Danijela , Šiler Branislav , Aleksic Jelena
Published: June 2015

L., L. and L. are perennial, cold-adapted clonal shrubs distributed throughout Europe, northern Asia and North America. Due to their usage in food (berries) and pharmaceutical industry (berries and leaves), their natural populations are exposed to anthropogenic and other impacts that affect their genetic make-up. We analyzed 14 fragmentary distributed and small-sized peripheral populations of these species from the Balkans, which represents the southeastern-European marginal area of their wide European distributions, using RAPD molecular markers. The contemporary genetic patterns in all three species within the Balkans were generally similar, and in comparison to previous reports on populations of these species found in northward Europe, where they have a more continuous distribution, the levels of genetic diversity were more or less halved, genetic differentiation was several times higher, gene flow exceptionally low, and the expected prevalence of clonal individuals was lacking. The population dynamics of all three species within the Balkans was complex and distinct, and was characterized by a past admixture of individuals from discrete populations of the same species and interspecific hybridisation not only between and but also between and , the latter not being reported to date. Conservation measures suitable for preservation of presumably genetically distinct portions of the Balkansâ gene pools of studied species have been suggested, while the utility of interspecific hybrids in breeding programs and/ or in food/pharmaceutical industry is yet to be assessed.Â Vaccinium myrtillus Vaccinium uliginosum Vaccinium vitis-idaea V. myrtillus V. vitis-idaea V. uliginosum V. vitis-idaea
Thienopyrimidines - the new class of low molecular weight regulators of the female reproductive system
Authors: Shpakov A O
Published: June 2015

The authors analyse the original and literature data concerning thienopyrimidine derivatives showing the activity of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor agonists. These compounds are known to specifically interact with the allosteric site of LH receptors localized in the transmembrane channels and activate the LH-sensitive adenylate cyclase signal system. The thienopyrimidine derivatives were shown to stimulate steroidogenesis and ovulation both in vitro and in vivo by acting on the cells that have not only normal but also mutant receptors. The thienopyrimidine derivatives are believed to be efficacious inducers of ovulation in the women.
Charity Program «Alfa-Endo» for children with endocrine disease
Authors: Dedov I I , Peterkova V A , Karpushkina A V
Published: June 2015

Charity program to help children with endocrine diseases «Alpha-Endo” is aiming to improve quality of medical care for children with endocrine pathology. The main directions of the Program include: molecular-genetic and immunological testing of hereditary endocrine diseases; improvement of health and social care for children; and obesity prevention. The best evidence-based Russian and international managerial strategies, and clinical practices of diagnostics, prevention and treatment of endocrine diseases are reviewed by experts and implemented within the Program. The synergistic cooperation involving the highly qualified Endocrinology Research Centre staff, significant financial resources “Alfa Group” and organizational support of CAF Foundation helps to solve difficult problems in pediatric endocrinology and improve welfare of children with endocrine diseases.
Oxidative stress and volatile organic compounds: interplay in pulmonary, cardio-vascular, digestive tract systems and cancer
Authors: Calenic Bogdan , Miricescu Daniela , Greabu Maria , Kuznetsov Andrey V. , Troppmair Jakob , Ruzsanyi Vera , Amann Anton
Published: June 2015

Oxidative stress (OS) can be defined as an imbalance between antioxidant systems and various pro-oxidants. This loss of balance is closely associated with initiation and development of a wide range of systemic or organ specific diseases.

Exhaled breath of healthy humans contains a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from cellular metabolism, released by microorganisms or taken up from the environment. Qualitative or quantitative changes in their composition are associated with diseases and various pathological conditions, also characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl anion, peroxinitrite, etc. Several volatile organic compounds such as ethane and pentane are direct end-products of the reaction of ROS with various biological compounds (e.g., lipid peroxidation, DNA or protein damage). Being able to accurately identify ROS-generated VOCs could be of particular importance in devising sensitive tests that can diagnose and follow-up oxidative stress-related diseases.

This review describes current knowledge on the associations between oxidative stress and free radicals and the release of several marker volatile organic compounds in a number of diseases. A special focus will be placed on such VOCs in the cardiovascular pathologies, pulmonary diseases and gastro-intestinal tract affections.
Ebola virus screening during pregnancy in West Africa: unintended consequences
Authors: Deaver John E. , Cohen Wayne R.
Published: June 2015

We hypothesized that predictive value of traditional Ebola virus disease (EVD) screening in West African pregnant women is low because febrile and hemorrhagic complications of pregnancy that can mimic EVD are common.

Proportions of various categories of pregnancy loss from a hypothetical cohort of West African gravidas were used to construct a Kaplan-Meier curve. The incidence rate of each category was determined by multiplying its proportion by the overall incidence rate, calculated from the inverse of the area under the curve. Incidence rates of Ebola-like illnesses during pregnancy were obtained by multiplying their percentages by the incidence rates of categories of loss with which they coincide.

During pregnancy about 1.5% of suspected EVD cases would prove to have EVD. Most of the remaining 98.5% would have hemorrhagic and febrile complications of pregnancy.

Current guidelines consider obstetrical interventions inappropriate in suspected EVD during pregnancy. However, because the overwhelming majority of cases suspected by screening do not have EVD and might benefit from obstetrical intervention, policy makers must consider whether the small risk to properly protected health care workers from the 1.5% with true EVD justifies withholding potentially life-saving care from the 98.5% who ultimately test negative for EVD.
Invitation refusals in Cameroon French and Hexagonal French
Authors: Farenkia Bernard Mulo
Published: June 2015

Descriptions of regional pragmatic variation in French are lacking to date the focus has been on a limited range of speech acts, including apologies, requests, compliments and responses to compliments. The present paper, a systematic analysis of invitation refusals across regional varieties of French, is designed to add to the research on intralingual regional pragmatic variation in French. Using questionnaire data collected in France and Cameroon, this paper examines the strategies employed by French speakers in Cameroon and in France to decline an invitation to a friend’s birthday party, an invitation by a classmate to have a drink and an invitation to attend a talk given by a professor’s colleague. The findings reveal some parallels in both varieties of French with respect to the preference for face-saving refusal strategies (indirect refusal and adjuncts to refusals and internal modification devices). However, many differences emerged with respect to the choices of indirect refusals. Also, the Cameroonian participants tend to produce more complex utterances and to use more relational address forms than the French.
Plasmon-enhanced photodetection in nanostructures
Authors: Bao Yanjun , Fang Zheyu
Published: June 2015

Photodetection, which converts light into electric current, has significant importance in modern physics. For the graphene photodetector, the performance is mainly limited by its low external quantum efficiency, mainly due to its poor light absorption properties. While for the semiconductor photodetector, photocurrent generation is limited to photon energies above the band gap of the semiconductor. When a metallic nanostructure is introduced, on the one hand, the plasmon oscillations lead to a dramatic enhancement of the local electric field around graphene, resulting in a significant performance improvement of the graphene photodetector; on the other hand, hot electrons from plasmon decay can transfer across the Schottky barrier at the metal-semiconductor interface, resulting in a photocurrent, which is no longer limited to photon energies greater than the band gap of the semiconductor, but rather to photon energies above the Schottky barrier height. Here, we review typical plasmonic nanostructures for the enhancement of photodetection in graphene and other semiconductor materials.
Copper oxide nanoparticles: an antidermatophytic agent for Trichophyton spp.
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Shukla Shashi Kant , Pandey Anand , Srivastava Sanjeev Kumar , Dikshit Anupam
Published: June 2015

Copper oxide (CuO) is one of the most important transition metal oxides due to its unique properties. It is used in various technological applications such as high critical temperature, superconductors, gas sensors, in photoconductive applications and so on. Recently, it has been used as an antimicrobial agent against various pathogenic bacteria. In the present investigation, we studied the structural and antidermatophytic properties of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by a precipitation technique. Copper sulfate was used as a precursor and sodium hydroxide as a reducing agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed flower-shaped CuO NPs and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed the crystalline nature of CuO NPs. These NPs were evaluated against two prevalent species of dermatophytes, i.e. Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes by using the broth microdilution technique. Further, the NPs activity was also compared with synthetic sertaconazole. Although better antidermatophytic activity was exhibited with sertaconazole as compared to NPs, being synthetic, sertaconazole may not be preferred, as it shows different adverse effects. Trichophyton mentagrophytes is more susceptible to NPs than T. rubrum. A phylogenetic approach was applied for predicting differences in susceptibility of pathogens.
Are there treatments for atypical parkinsonism? An update on actual options
Authors: Moretti Davide V.
Published: June 2015

Success in treating patients with atypical parkinsonism remains exceedingly low. It is particularly important for both neurologists and general practicians to have a guideline in the actual possible cure options. This study reviews the limited available literature reporting treatment trials about treatment in parkinsonism. Various therapeutical approaches have been tried with rasagiline, immunoglobulin, autologous mesenchymal stem cells, davunetide, lithium, and tideglusib. Recently, the transdermal rotigotine has been proposed for the treatment of atypical parkinsonism, as well as deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the peduncolopontine nucleus alone or combined with globus pallidus internus stimulation. The outcomes reviewed here highlight the need for the development of randomized, placebo-controlled trials to validate outcomes about rotigotine, DBS, and all other new therapies directed at altering the underlying biological mechanisms involved in the disease process.
Pediatric Tuberculosis at Moulay Youssef University Hopsital – Morocco
Authors: Aharmim Mohamed , Bouti Khalid , Soualhi Mouna , Hanim Fatima Zohra , Marc Karima , Zahraoui Rachida , Benamor Jouda , Bourkadi Jamal Eddine , Iraqi Ghali
Published: June 2015

Background: There are few studies on presentations, treatment and outcomes of pediatric tuberculosis in Morocco.
This study aimed to describe clinico-epidemiological profiles, laboratory findings, treatment and outcomes of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) in a tertiary care hospital in Morocco.
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, descriptive study undertaken in children diagnosed with TB between June 2011 and May 2012. Clinico-pidemiologicalprofiles, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of patients was recorded. Statistical significance of category variables was evaluated. Analysis was done on SPSS package. Results were expressed as rates and proportions. Chi square test was used to test for statistical significance.
Results: 53 children aged 2 to 16 years (mean age of 9±3.2) with TB diagnosis were enrolled in our study. 33 (62%) of patients were female. Common symptoms were fever, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, decreased appetite and weight loss. The types of TB were: pulmonary TB (32, 60%), and extrapulmonary TB (21, 39.6%). The sites of pediatric extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) were: lymph nodes (7, 13.2%), peritoneal (6, 11.3%), meningeal (4, 7.5%) and osteoarticular (4, 7.5%). 24 (45,3%) of the patients had positive Calmette-Guérin vaccine scar, and 42(79.2%) of the patients had a positive tuberculin skin test. An adult TB contact was identified in 19 (35.8%) of the cases. On direct microscopy, acid-fast bacilli were found in 3 (5.6%) patients and positive cul¬ture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in 2 (3.7%). Drug mono- or multiresistance was not detected.
Conclusion: Paediatric TB in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms is a challenging diagnosis, and is a common occurrence in our setting.
Diagnosis was based on a combination of epidemiological and clinical suspicion supported by results of various investigations.
La delimitación de la clínica de las fobias en la nueva cultura occidental.
Authors: Campodónico Nicolás Matías
Published: June 2015

La delimitación del estatuto clínico de la fobia ha sufrido modificaciones a lo largo de la historia de la psiquiatría planteándose desde el siglo XIX, diferencias entre los clínicos e investigadores que abordaron el tema, destacándose entre ellos la figura de Freud quien también, en su vasta obra, concibió la fobia de diversos modos a medida que iba formalizando la teoría psicoanalítica. El objetivo general del trabajo consistirá en establecer la especificidad de la fobia, delimitando su concepto; siendo los objetivos específicos describir la relación entre la noción de fobia definida y las manifestaciones patológicas predominantes en la clínica actual y plantear un abordaje terapéutico posible desde el lugar habilitador y constituyente del deseo, que es la palabra. Para responder los lineamientos del trabajo se realizará un recorrido temático partiendo del empleo del concepto de fobia en la psiquiatría desde el siglo XIX. Luego se planteará cómo la noción de fobia se fue modificando en relación a los diferentes momentos de la obra de Freud y de Lacan a continuación, y desde el marco teórico propuesto por ambos autores, se describirá la relación existente entre las manifestaciones de la fobia en el presente y el contexto sociocultural postmoderno para, finalmente, plantear la posibilidad de su abordaje terapéutico en función de la palabra y atendiendo a la urgencia con que hoy se presenta.
Análisis de las relaciones entre las dimensiones del autoritarismo, la centralidad de la religión y las orientaciones religiosas: diferencias en el análisis lineal y no lineal de sus relaciones
Authors: Etchezahar Edgardo , Brussino Silvina
Published: June 2015

La centralidad de la religión y las orientaciones religiosas han sido estudiadas en sus relaciones con el autoritarismo debido a que dichas expresiones de la religiosidad ofrecen un marco social convencional estable, el cual incluye una serie de pautas que rigen el comportamiento del sujeto autoritario. Sin embargo, estudios previos que analizaron estas relaciones no tuvieron en cuenta el aporte específico de cada una de las dimensiones del autoritarismo. El objetivo principal del estudio fue analizar las relaciones entre las dimensiones del autoritarismo, la centralidad de la religión y las orientaciones religiosas. Participaron 431 estudiantes universitarios, con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y 35 años, de los cuales el 72,38% eran mujeres. Se observó que las dos dimensiones del autoritarismo se relacionan con la centralidad de la religión, la orientación religiosa intrínseca y extrínseca personal. Se discuten las relaciones entre las dimensiones, así como su análisis lineal y no lineal.
Amphisbaenians, municipality of São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Barbo Fausto E. , Sawaya Ricardo J.
Published: June 2015

We provide a checklist, distribution map, and key to the amphisbaenians of the municipality of São Paulo. Seven species in three genera were recorded. Between August 2003 and June 2007, 104 individuals in two genera and five species were received at the Laboratório de Herpetologia of the Instituto Butantan: Amphisbaena alba, A. dubia, A. mertensi, A. trachura, and Leposternon microcephalum. Records for two additional species, Amphisbaena hogei and Cercolophia roberti, were recovered at the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Two widely distributed species, Amphisbaena dubia and Leposternon microcephalum, present different distribution patterns, probably reflecting the distribution of open and forested areas in the studied region, close to contact areas between the Atlantic Forest and adjacent open formations. Most amphisbaenians seem to endure habitat modifications in urbanized areas, but some species as A. hogei and C. roberti are no longer recorded in the São Paulo area.
Petromyzontidae, Entosphenus tridentatus: southern distribution record, Isla Clarión, Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico
Authors: Renaud Claude B.
Published: June 2015

None.
Evolution of Carbon Fiber Microstructure During Carbonization and High-Temperature Graphitization Measured In Situ Using Synchrotron Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Behr Michael , Rix James , Landes Brian , Barton Bryan , Hukkanen Eric , Patton Jasson , Weigand Steven , Keane Denis
Published: June 2015

This paper will discuss the structure-property model developed that correlates the tensile modulus to the elastic properties and angular distribution of constituent graphitic layers for carbon fiber derived from a polyethylene precursor. In addition, a high-temperature fiber tensile device was built to enable heating of carbon fiber bundles at a variable rate from 25 °C to greater than ∼2300 °C, while simultaneously applying a tensile stress. This capability combined with synchrotron wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), enabled observation in situ and in real time of the microstructural transformation from different carbon fiber precursors to high-modulus carbon fiber. Experiments conducted using PAN- and PE-derived fiber precursors reveal stark differences in their carbonization and high-temperature graphitization behavior.
Surface Analytical Characterization of P3HT-Streptavidin Bilayers for Biosensing Applications
Authors: Sportelli Maria Chiara , Picca Rosaria Anna , Manoli Kyriaki , Magliulo Maria , Re Marilena , Pesce Emanuela , Tapfer Leander , Santacroce Maria Vittoria , Di Franco Cinzia , Cioffi Nicola , Torsi Luisa
Published: June 2015

Ultrasensitive biosensors based on bottom gate organic field-effect transistors can be developed by depositing a functional biological (protein) interlayer directly on the silicon oxide gate dielectric and underneath the organic semiconductor film. However, the deposition methods for assembling the protein biological recognition layer can affect the biosensor analytical performances for the target analyte detection. Here, spin-coating and layer-by-layer techniques were considered as different approaches for streptavidin protein deposition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was systematically used in the non-destructive parallel angle resolved mode to characterize the multilayer device at each step of its assembly to gain information on elemental depth profiles. Scanning electron and scanning Helium ion microscopies gave information about stacked layer structure and morphology corroborating XPS results.
The impact of two modules on first year occupational therapy students' knowledge and attitudes to the core constructs of occupation
Authors: Green Caryn , Hudson Kerry , Wicht Minkateko , Willows Claire , Buchanan Helen
Published: June 2015

INTRODUCTION: The first year occupational therapy course at the University of Cape Town focusses on developing an understanding of occupation. Two first semester modules form the foundation for this understanding. This study aimed to describe the impact of these modules on first year students' knowledge of, and attitudes towards, the core constructs of occupation. METHODOLOGY: A pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was used with a convenience sample recruited from the 2013 first year occupational therapy class. A self-administered questionnaire was developed for the study based on an extensive literature review and consultation with international occupational therapy experts. Data were gathered before and after participating in the modules. Content and construct validity, test-retest and inter-rater reliability were determined using the expert panel and a pilot test. Data were analysed with STATISTICA. RESULTS: Forty-five (N=60) participants completed pre-test and post-test questionnaires and were included in the analysis. Knowledge improved significantly (p<0.001) between pre-test and post-test, and positive attitudinal changes were noted. CONCLUSION: Knowledge and attitudes improved after completing the modules suggesting that students were equipped with a sound foundational understanding of the core constructs of occupation. Key words: Occupation; core constructs; knowledge; attitudes; education; occupational therapy
Meaningful occupation clarified: Thoughts about the relationship between meaningful and psychologically rewarding occupations
Authors: Ikiugu Moses N , Hoyme Ashley K , Mueller Brittany A , Reinke Rochelle R
Published: June 2015

A core assumption in occupational therapy is that participation in meaningful occupations is related to health and a sense of well-being. However, the exact nature of "meaningful occupation" is not clear. Many scholars seem to equate meaningful with psychologically rewarding occupations, whereby "psychologically rewarding" refers to an experience of absorption into the occupation and a positive mood at the time when the person is engaged in the occupation. In this paper, we argue that the two types of occupations are different. Meaningful occupation may not be immediately psychologically rewarding, but a psychologically rewarding occupation is always meaningful to the person performing it. Therapists should consider planning their therapeutic interventions in such a way that they use both types of occupations in order to optimise the benefits of therapy. Research is indicated to clarify the exact differences between the two types of occupations. Key words: Meaningful occupation; psychologically rewarding occupation; mood; control; identity; transcendence
An introduction to Cultural Historical Activity Theory as a theoretical lens for understanding how occupational therapists design interventions for persons living in low-income conditions in South Africa
Authors: Gretschel Pam , Ramugondo Elelwani L. , Galvaan Roshan
Published: June 2015

Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) is a cogent conceptual tool to guide thinking about, observations of and analyses of what people do. This article offers an introduction to the basic tenants of CHAT. It describes how CHAT can be applied as a meta-theory in a case study, which explores the processes by which a group of occupational therapists designed a new occupational therapy intervention for caregivers of HIV positive children living in low-income conditions in South Africa. Drawing on CHAT this paper proposes that occupational therapy intervention design could be viewed from a collective and also a historical and socio-cultural perspective. This allows for the discovery and analysis of the potential enablers and limits to innovative, relevant and critically considered occupational therapy interventions in the South African context. Key words: activity theory, occupational therapy, intervention design, HIV/AIDS, children, action research
Using Clustering by Coupled Map Lattices for Metapopulation Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Кулаков М.П. , Kulakov M.P.
Published: June 2015

This paper investigates the phenomena of clustering and multistability in a non-global coupled Ricker population model. The possibility of approximating the clusters dynamics by
the smaller dimension systems is demonstrated. It is shown the formation and transformation of clusters is similar to the emergence and transformation of asynchronous modes of
approximating systems.
Campanha de Prevenção ao Câncer da Pele (Rio Grande - RS): Perfil Epidemiológico dos Atendidos
Authors: Clavico Leandro Sampaio , Trindade Gilma Santos , Rodrigues Obirajara , Trindade Régis Augusto Reis
Published: June 2015

A cidade de Rio Grande ocupa o segundo lugar nos registros de câncer da pele no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Este estudo visa investigar o perfil epidemiológico dos atendidos pelas Campanhas de Prevenção ao Câncer de Pele de 2010, 2011 e 2012 realizadas em Rio Grande. Para isso foram realizadas observações participantes e semidirigidas. Foi demonstrado que foram mulheres brancas e pardas quem mais participaram e que os homens estão em um processo crescente de participação. Dos participantes, no mínimo 50% expõem-se ao sol sem qualquer proteção, principalmente por suas atividades ocupacionais. Foi constatado que o uso de protetores solares está bem aquém do necessário, sendo que em 2010 e 2011 os percentuais de indivíduos que não fizeram uso de protetores solares foi de 53,01% e 45,58%, respectivamente. Dicotomicamente, foram semelhantes os percentuais de quem nunca teve história de queimaduras solares ao longo da vida e daqueles que tiveram mais de três episódios, bem como os percentuais de quem não teve e de quem já teve história prévia de câncer de pele. Foi praticamente consenso a importância de conhecer os índices de radiação ultravioleta diário e seus riscos à saúde e que é a escola a fonte mais apropriada para divulgar e trabalhar informações sobre este tema. Nossos dados permitem propor políticas educacionais e sociais sobre a relação entre a exposição à radiação ultravioleta e o câncer de pele. Prevention Campaign Against Skin Cancer in Rio Grande, Brazil: An Epidemiological Profile ABSTRACT: The city of Rio Grande ranks second in skin cancer in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current study investigates the epidemiological profile of people attended to in the campaign against skin cancer in Rio Grande in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Participating and semi-directed observations were undertaken. White and brown-skinned females participated most, although males were on the increase. At least, 50% of the participating population expose themselves to the sun without any protection, especially during their occupational activities. Solar protection is not sufficiently used: in 2010 and 2011, the percentages of people who failed to use solar protectors were respectively 53.01% and 45.58%. Contrastingly, percentages were similar to those who never had sun burns and those with more than three episodes, similar to percentages of who never had and who had a previous skin cancer episode. All agreed on the importance of being informed on daily UV radiation and health risks. All agree that the school is the most appropriate place to disseminate information and discuss such issues. Data suggest educational and social policies on the relationship between exposure to UV radiation and skin cancer.
Postura Corporal: Aspectos Estruturais Funcionais para Promoção da Saúde
Authors: Bertolini Sonia Maria Marques Gomes , Melocra Polyana , De Paula Karla Pereira
Published: June 2015

Este estudo se propôs a realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a postura, suas implicações e funções ocupacionais. A revisão bibliográfica foi realizada a partir de artigos científicos obtidos por meio de sites de busca como Lilacs, Medline, Scielo e PubMed, referente ao período de 2000 a 2012, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: postura, antropologia, equilíbrio corporal postural. Verificou-se que a postura está diretamente relacionada ao equilíbrio corporal e que ambos são de fundamental importância para o movimento. A postura corporal é influenciada por diversos fatores próprios do indivíduo e também ambientais, o que inclui o envelhecimento, as funções e intervenções ocupacionais. Concluiu-se que a orientação postural, bem como a participação em programas de prevenção de problemas posturais são essenciais para a manutenção da saúde corporal. Body Posture: Functional and Structural Aspects for Health Promotion ABSTRACT. Current study comprises a bibliographical review on body posture, its implication and occupational functions. The bibliographical review was undertaken from scientific articles published between 2000 and 2012 and retrieved from Lilacs, Medline, Scielo and PubMed sites. The descriptor terms posture, anthropology, postural and body equilibrium were used. Posture is directly related to body equilibrium and both have a great importance in movement. Body posture is affected by several factors in the subject and in the environment, which includes aging, functions and occupational interventions. Results show that postural guidance and participation in prevention programs for postural problems are relevant for the maintenance of body health.