bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Corporate Annual Reports Communicate Corporate Strategy?
Authors: Srinivasan R.
Published: June 2016

This paper studies communication of corporate strategy through annual reports to their stakeholders. Content analysis of MD&A sections of annual reports of large Indian firms was done to explore strategy content, positive nature of text (existence of Pollyanna effect), and presence of self-serving attributions. It was found that ftrms focus their communication on describing the external business environment, an analysis of their actions and strategies, and the resulting performance over the past year(s), rather than discuss the future. A relatively smaller proportion of text is devoted to discussing the mandated risks and concerns, and future outlook, and a much lesser proportion to the firm's planned course of action⁄ strategy for the future.
Proposition Typology of Technology Strategy for Technological Innovation
Authors: Sahay A. , Gupta R.K. , Gupta Meeta Das
Published: June 2016

How managers take decisions with respect to the acquisition and deployment of technology to promote technological innovation is central to the field of strategic management. The main objective of this research is to explore how technology decisions drive technological innovation in organizations. Technology decisions have been explored through the lens of substance and enactment of technology strategy. The paper reports findings from three Indian Power Distribution Firms that have taken various initiatives to turn around the dilapidated power distribution situation in the country. The study proposes typologies of technology acquisition and deployment strategies
Embeddedness: An Exploratory Investigation of the Role of Ties in Social Venture Formation
Authors: Chung Ed , Ciocirlan Cristina , Ngo Paul
Published: June 2016

This paper describes a socially embedded approach to social entrepreneurship taken in response to recent critics who argue that the field, because of an undue focus on the traits of individuals, has paid insufficient attention to the social networks of individuals (Dacin, Dacin & Tracey, 2011). We conducted a three-month ethnographic study of Opus, an infant social venture dedicated to saving printed books in a digital world where they are devalued and discarded. The founders of Opus hope to avoid the destruction of economic value by enabling people to freely take donated books that might have otherwise been thrown away. This also contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing strain on limited landfill space. In addition, Opus enhances the social fabric of the local community by creating culturally embedded relationships among printed book lovers. The birth of Opus sheds light on the visioning and development of social ventures united by a common purpose but with limited funds and other resources. Our findings may resonate with those who find themselves in similar situations or are contemplating similar initiatives and may help dispel some common myths about organization formation and planning.
Negative Job Experiences and Employees Job Attitudes and Health in High‐Performance Work Organizations
Authors: Srivastava A.K. , Chaturvedi Shakti
Published: June 2016

The study aimed at examining the effects of work intensification and occupational stress, experienced by employees engaged in High-Performance Work Organizations on their job involvement, job satisfaction, work family balance and psychological well-being. The study helped in understanding the underlying psychological reactions of the employees to the High Performance Work Organizations. The study was conducted on 200 employees of different levels randomly selected from identified High Performance Work Organizations. Psychometrically standardized tool were employed to assess the extent of work intensification, occupational stress, work-family conflict, job involvement, job satisfaction and psychological well-being. Statistical analyses of the data obtained through these tools of measurement revealed that participants who experienced high level of work intensification and occupational stress showed lower level of job involvement, job satisfaction, and psychological well-being, while manifested relatively more symptoms of psychological ill-health, and experienced more work-family conflicts in comparison to the employees who experienced relatively lower degree of work intensification and occupational stress. Work intensification and occupational stress correlated negatively with employees' job-attitudes, and well-being, and positively with psychological symptoms and work family conflicts. The results suggest that in High Performance Work System Organizations, high organizational performance is being achieved on the cost of satisfaction and well-being of the employees in general.
An Investigation of Box‐Spread Strategy and Arbitrage Efficiency on Indian Index Options Market
Authors: Priyan P.K. , Mohanti Debaditya
Published: June 2016

The aim of the present study is to examine the internal market efficiency of the Indian index options by testing S and P CNX Nifty index options using box-spread arbitrage strategy. Daily closing prices of index options from April 01, 2008 to March 31, 2012 are used to identify the mispricing and arbitrage opportunities with the model-free box-spread approach. The result of the sensitivity analysis of violations with respect to time to maturity and moneyness demonstrates that the majority of violations in options contract are deceptive, as the liquidity is expected to be very low in such contracts. Further, the proportion of exploitable violations severely falls after considering the transaction costs, as most of the profits were wiped out and showing negative profits. Thus, although the Indian index options market shows traces of inefficiency, in totality it is suggested that the Indian index options market is efficient as majority of violations are un-exploitable after incorporating transaction costs.
Measuring Intellectual Capital in Indian PSEs
Authors: Datta Biswajit , Ahmed Salma
Published: June 2016

In the modern innovation-driven world, lea~ing and the command of intellectual capital have become the key success factors of international competitiveness. New technologies based on this intellectual capital are the key in creating the more sophisticated product and the business of. the future, which will be able to improve the quality of the environment. The research objective is to evaluate the performance of Intellectual Capital of the Public Sector Enterprises in India to maximize return to the shareholders. There are nine hypotheses have been formulated and those have been tested by correlation and regression analyses. Ten year data, i.e. from 2001-02 to 2010-2011 for 50 numbers of Public Sector Enterprises listed on Bombay Stock Exchange have been taken for analysis. Data are taken from the annual reports, BSE website, direct contact, Prowess database of CMIE etc. There are eight variables have been taken for study. At the end conclusion, implications, limitation and future direction of research is provided.
Vibration of a multiphase magneto-electro-elastic simply supported rectangular plate subjected to harmonic forces
Authors: Shooshtari Alireza , Razavi Soheil
Published: June 2016

Nonlinear forced vibration of a magneto-electro-elastic rectangular plate is studied based on the first-order shear deformation theory. The excitation force is harmonic, the boundary condition is considered to be immovable simply supported, and the plate rests on a viscoelastic foundation. The electric and magnetic fields are assumed to be applied along the thickness direction, and different magneto-electric boundary conditions are considered. Magneto-electric behavior of the plate is modeled using Gauss’ laws for electrostatics and magnetostatics. The system is discretized using Galerkin method and then multiple time scale method is used to solve the obtained equation analytically. As a result, closed-form solutions are obtained for the frequency responses of the plate in the primary and subharmonic resonances. Time history and phase portraits of the plate are also obtained numerically. Some examples are carried out to validate the proposed model and to investigate the effects of electric and magnetic potentials, material properties, and plate size on the frequency responses of these smart multiphase plates.
Abuse of Older Persons With Dementia: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Fang Boye , Yan Elsie
Published: June 2016

In view of the rapidly aging population, increasing attention has been paid to studying persons with dementia. Factors associated with its onset, prognosis, and treatment as well as ways to support caregivers in the community have been extensively studied. Despite the fact that older persons with dementia are at higher risk of abuse compared to their cognitively unimpaired counterparts in institutions and the community, however, relatively little attention has been paid to understanding such abuse. This review summarizes the available literature on abuse of older persons with dementia. It compares methodologies used across studies and highlights the implications of using different informants, sampling strategies, and abuse subtypes in studying abuse of persons with dementia and discussed the relevant cultural considerations for research. The results of this review provide important information for researchers, policy makers, and practitioners.
Play-Based Mathematics Activities as a Resource for Changing Educator Attitudes and Practice
Authors: Cohrssen Caroline , Church Amelia , Tayler Collette
Published: June 2016

This multiple case study explored early childhood educators’ implementation of a suite of play-based mathematics activities with children aged 3 to 5 years in six different early childhood education and care programs in Melbourne, Australia. Educators approached the enactment of the activities differently; however, those educators who used the activities reasonably frequently and with attention to the underpinning mathematical concepts reported an increase in their self-confidence in supporting children’s mathematical thinking. For these educators, increasing self-confidence, in conjunction with children’s enthusiasm, led to increased frequency and further gains in self-confidence. Some educators did not implement the activities and no change in attitude was observed. New ways to support early childhood mathematics teaching practice, as a means to challenge entrenched attitudes and beliefs, are needed.
Contraceptives Scavenger Hunt: An Example of Experiential Learning in a Sexual and Reproductive Health College Class
Authors: López Castillo Humberto , Lockhart Elizabeth A. , Oberne Alison B. , Daley Ellen M.
Published: June 2016

Teaching sexual and reproductive health in general, and contraceptives in particular, presents instructors with diverse challenges. While instructors need to cover textbook concepts, the classroom setting does not offer much context for a significant, experiential learning opportunity. We have developed and implemented a Contraceptives Scavenger Hunt assignment, designed to facilitate experiential learning and put class concepts into real-life context. Students were provided with three groups of sexual and reproductive health items that were discussed in class (contraceptives for males, contraceptives for females, and other interesting items). They had to choose one item from each group and hunt for it in local stores, pharmacies, sex shops, and so on. They reported on their overall experience and identified barriers they would not have thought of in class (e.g., transportation, cost, ease of access). Variations to this activity, its implications for experiential learning, challenges to its implementation, and its impact on student learning outcomes were discussed.
Editorial: An ATRA oddity: new questions revealed on retinoid synthesis in bone marrow cells
Authors: Pelletier Margery G H , Gaines Peter
Published: June 2016

Discussion on ATRA synthesis in bone marrow progenitors vs. mature macrophages, and lack of ATRA synthesis within in vivo hematopoietic cells.
The FDA's failure to address the lack of generalisability of antidepressant efficacy trials in product labelling
Authors: Zimmerman Mark
Published: June 2016

According to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) regulations, the criteria used to select patients into registration studies should be addressed in a product's label. The FDA's labelling guidelines, which specifically indicate that the routine exclusion of patients of a certain level of severity should be noted in the label, has been uniformly ignored.
Cost and carbon burden of long-acting injections: a sustainable evaluation
Authors: Maughan Daniel L. , Lillywhite Rob , Cooke Matthew
Published: June 2016

Aims and method

This study explores the economic cost and carbon footprint associated with current patterns of prescribing long-term flupentixol decanoate long-acting injections. We conducted an analysis of prescription data from a mental health trust followed by economic and carbon cost projections using local and national data.

Results

A reduction of £300 000 could be achieved across England by improving prescribing behaviour, which equates to £250 per patient per year and 170 000 kg CO2e. These savings are unlikely to be released as cash from the service, but will lead to higher-value service provision at the same or lower cost. Most of these carbon emissions are attributable to the carbon footprint of the appointment – 88000 kg CO2e (including energy use and materials used) and the overprescribing of medication – 66000kg CO2e.

Clinical implications

Psychiatrists need to review their prescribing practice of long-acting injections to reduce their impact on the National Health Service financial budget and the environment.
Services for people with complex psychosis: towards a new understanding
Authors: Edwards Tom , Macpherson Rob , Commander Martin , Meaden Alan , Kalidindi Sridevi
Published: June 2016

This paper describes the need for commissioners and service providers to consider the development of a whole-system approach to providing rehabilitation services for patients with complex psychosis, in the context of the current economic pressures and emergence of a competitive market in this area of mental health. The practical and organisational arrangements for the management of risk with such services are described, taking into account the varying provision of rehabilitation services across the UK and considering how these can be developed against the care clustering system and interfaces with other mental health services.
Community treatment orders and reduced time in hospital: a nationwide study, 2007–2012
Authors: Taylor Mark , Macpherson Melanie , Macleod Callum , Lyons Donald
Published: June 2016

Aims and method

Community treatment orders (CTOs) were introduced in Scotland in 2005, but are controversial owing to a lack of supportive randomised evidence. The non-randomised studies provide mixed results on their efficacy and utility. We aimed to examine hospital bed day usage across Scotland both before and after CTOs were initiated in a national cohort of patients, spanning 5 years.

Results

In total, 1558 individuals who were subject to a CTO between 2007 and 2012, of whom 63% were male, were included. After CTO initiation the number of hospital bed days fell, on average, from 66 to 39 per annum per patient. Those with a longer psychiatric history appeared to benefit more from a CTO, in terms of reduced time in hospital.

Clinical implications

Our data offer cautious support for the use of CTOs in routine practice, in terms of reducing time spent in psychiatric hospital. This finding is balanced by the more rigorous randomised studies which do not find any benefit to CTOs.
Aspirin As Secondary Prevention in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: An Unselected Population-Based Study
Authors: Bains Simer J. , Mahic Milada , Myklebust Tor Åge , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Yaqub Sheraz , Dørum Liv Marit , Bjørnbeth Bjørn Atle , Møller Bjørn , Brudvik Kristoffer Watten , Taskén Kjetil
Published: June 2016

Purpose

Regular use of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is associated with reduced incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, aspirin as primary prevention is debated because of the risk of hemorrhagic adverse effects. Aspirin as secondary prevention may be more justified from a risk-benefit perspective. We have examined the association between aspirin use after the diagnosis of CRC with CRC-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS).

Materials and Methods

An observational, population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted by linking patients diagnosed with CRC from 2004 through 2011 (Cancer Registry of Norway) with data on their aspirin use (The Norwegian Prescription Database). These registries cover more than 99% of the Norwegian population and include all patients in an unselected and consecutive manner. Exposure to aspirin was defined as receipt of aspirin prescriptions for more than 6 months after the diagnosis of CRC. Multivariable Cox-proportional hazard analyses were used to model survival. The main outcome measures of the study were CSS and OS.

Results

A total of 23,162 patients diagnosed with CRC were included, 6,102 of whom were exposed to aspirin after the diagnosis of CRC (26.3%). The median follow-up time was 3.0 years. A total of 2,071 deaths (32.9%, all causes) occurred among aspirin-exposed patients, of which 1,158 (19.0%) were CRC specific. Among unexposed patients (n = 17,060), there were 7,218 deaths (42.3%), of which 5,375 (31.5%) were CRC specific. In multivariable analysis, aspirin exposure after the diagnosis of CRC was independently associated with improved CSS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.92) and OS (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.01).

Conclusion

Aspirin use after the diagnosis of CRC is independently associated with improved CSS and OS.
Cep78 is a new centriolar protein involved in Plk4-induced centriole overduplication
Authors: Brunk Kathrin , Zhu Mei , Bärenz Felix , Kratz Anne-Sophie , Haselmann-Weiss Uta , Antony Claude , Hoffmann Ingrid
Published: June 2016

Centrioles are core components of centrosomes, the major microtubule-organizing centers of animal cells, and act as basal bodies for cilia formation. Control of centriole number is therefore crucial for genome stability and embryogenesis. Centriole duplication requires the serine/threonine protein kinase Plk4. Here, we identify Cep78 as a human centrosomal protein and a new interaction partner of Plk4. Cep78 is mainly a centriolar protein that localizes to the centriolar wall. Furthermore, we find that Plk4 binds to Cep78 through its N-terminal domain but that Cep78 is not an in vitro Plk4 substrate. Cep78 colocalizes with Plk4 at centrioles and is required for Plk4-induced centriole overduplication. Interestingly, upon depletion of Cep78, newly synthesized Plk4 is not localized to centrosomes. Our results suggest that the interaction between Cep78 and the N-terminal catalytic domain of Plk4 is a new and important element in the centrosome overduplication process.
CCAP and FMRFamide-like peptides accelerate the contraction rate of the antennal accessory pulsatile organs (auxiliary hearts) of mosquitoes
Authors: Suggs Julia M. , Jones Talitha H. , Murphree C. Steven , Hillyer Julián F.
Published: June 2016

Insects rely on specialized accessory pulsatile organs (APOs), also known as auxiliary hearts, to propel hemolymph into their antennae. In most insects, this is accomplished via the pulsations of a pair of ampulla located in the head, each of which propels hemolymph across an antenna via an antennal vessel. Once at the distal end of the appendage, hemolymph returns to the head via the antennal hemocoel. Although the structure of the antennal hearts has been elucidated in various insect orders, their hormonal modulation has only been studied in cockroaches and other hemimetabolous insects within the superorder Polyneoptera, where proctolin and FMRFamide-like peptides accelerate the contraction rate of these auxiliary hearts. Here, we assessed the hormonal modulation of the antennal APOs of mosquitoes, a group of holometabolous (Endopterygota) insects within the order Diptera. We show that crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), FMRFamide and SALDKNFMRFamide increase the contraction rate of the antennal APOs and the heart of Anopheles gambiae. Both antennal hearts are synchronously responsive to these neuropeptides, but their contractions are asynchronous with the contraction of the heart. Furthermore, we show that these neuropeptides increase the velocity and maximum acceleration of hemolymph within the antennal space, suggesting that each contraction is also more forceful. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that hormones of a holometabolous insect modulate the contraction dynamics of an auxiliary heart, and the first report that shows that the hormones of any insect accelerate the velocity of hemolymph in the antennal space.
Making dimers of oligomeric membrane proteins using copper-free click chemistry
Authors: Dong Wang , Sturgis James N.
Published: June 2016

Here we describe the development of a protocol to make small oligomers, dimers and trimers, from highly oligomeric membrane proteins. The proteins that we used are the light harvesting 2 proteins and core complexes from photosynthetic bacteria, which contain respectively 16 and 56 individual polypeptides. Creating specific dimers between such multimeric protein poses several problems. We propose a protocol based on asymmetric lysine localization, thanks to the positive inside rule, and copper-free click chemistry. With this method we are able to produce specific dimeric complexes in detergent solution of possible biological relevance.
Two new Neonerita Hampson species with redescription of Neonerita dorsipuncta Hampson, 1901 (Lepidoptera: Erebiidae: Arctiinae: Phaegopterina)
Authors: Laguerre Michel , VINCENT Benoit
Published: June 2016

Two new species of the genus Neonerita are described from Guatemala and French Guiana: Neonerita bernardoespinozai sp. nov. and Neonerita martinezi sp. nov. Detailed species descriptions are based upon morphological and molecular characters as well as distribution data. These new taxa are discussed and compared to Neonerita dorsipuncta, species with which both new species were confused with up to now.
Surgical navigation in paediatric orthopaedics
Authors: Docquier Pierre-Louis , Paul Laurent , TranDuy Khanh
Published: June 2016

Computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery was born in the 1990s. Nowadays, computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery is used for transpedicular screw fixation and for total knee arthroplasty. Patient-specific instrumentation is one type of computer-assisted surgery based on volumetric images, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. In this article, possible applications of patient-specific instruments in paediatric orthopaedics are described. The use of patient-specific instrumentation for the correction of cubitus varus is given as an example with complex osteotomy. Another application for tarsal coalition resection is shown. A last example of using patient-specific instrumentation for both tumour resection and allograft reconstruction is illustrated. Patient-specific instruments based on computed tomography of the bone can increase peri-operative accuracy and decrease operative time. They are very helpful for the surgeon. Other applications are possible and will be probably developed in the future.

Cite this article: Docquier PL, Paul L, TranDuy V. Surgical navigation in paediatric orthopaedics. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:152-159. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000009.
Patella instability in children and adolescents
Authors: Hasler Carol C. , Studer Daniel
Published: June 2016

Patellar instabilities are the most common knee pathologies during growth. Congenital dislocations are rare. Extensive, early soft tissue releases relocate the extensor mechanism and may enable normal development of the femoro-patellar anatomy. Conservative management is the preferred strategy after a ‘first-time’ traumatic dislocation. In cases with concomitant anatomical predisposing factors such as trochlear dysplasia, malalignment, malrotation or ligamentous laxity, surgical reconstruction must be considered. The same applies to recurrent dislocations with pain, a sense of instability or re-dislocations which may also lead to functional compensatory mechanisms (quadriceps-avoiding gait in knee extension) or cartilaginous lesions with subsequent patello-femoral osteoarthritis. The decision-making process guiding surgical re-alignment includes analysis with standard radiographs and MRI of the trochlear groove, joint cartilage and medial patello-femoral ligament (MPFL). Careful evaluation of dynamic and static stabilisers is essential: the medial patello-femoral ligament provides stability during the first 20° of flexion, and the trochlear groove thereafter. Excessive femoral anteversion, general ligamentous laxity with increased femoro-tibial rotation, patella alta and increased distance between the tibial tuberosity and the trochlear groove must also be taken into account and surgically corrected. In cases with ongoing dislocations during skeletal immaturity, soft tissue procedures must suffice: reconstruction of the medial patello-femoral ligament as a standalone procedure or in conjuction with more complex distal realignment of the quadriceps mechanism may lead to a permanent stable result, or at least buys time until a definitive bony procedure is performed.

Cite this article: Hasler CC, Studer D. Patella instability in children and adolescents. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:160-166. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000018.
Knee replacement in chronic post-traumatic cases
Authors: Benazzo Francesco , Rossi Stefano M.P. , Combi Alberto , Meena Sanjay , Ghiara Matteo
Published: June 2016

Post-traumatic knee arthritis is a challenging condition. Prosthetic surgery is demanding and the risk of complications is relatively high. Planning is an essential element of this surgery; correct diagnosis (to exclude latent infection) and adequate considerations regarding approach, axis, bone loss, choice of implant and level of constraint are indispensable. There are two main categories of post-traumatic arthritis: extra-articular deformities and articular deformities. Use of an algorithms can support the surgeon’s choice of implant. Correct implant positioning and limb alignment restoration is associated with very good results, similar to those achieved with standard total knee arthroplasty.

Cite this article: Benazzo F, Rossi SMP, Combi A, Meena S, Ghiara M. Knee replacement in chronic post-traumatic cases. EFORT Open Rev 2016:1:211-218. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000025.
Treatment strategy for tibial plateau fractures: an update
Authors: Prat-Fabregat Salvi , Camacho-Carrasco Pilar
Published: June 2016

Tibial plateau fractures are complex injuries produced by high- or low-energy trauma. They principally affect young adults or the ‘third age’ population. These fractures usually have associated soft-tissue lesions that will affect their treatment. Sequential (staged) treatment (external fixation followed by definitive osteosynthesis) is recommended in more complex fracture patterns. But one should remember that any type of tibial plateau fracture can present with soft-tissue complications. Typically the Schatzker or AO/OTA classification is used, but the concept of the proximal tibia as a three-column structure and the detailed study of the posteromedial and posterolateral fragment morphology has changed its treatment strategy. Limb alignment and articular surface restoration, allowing early knee motion, are the main goals of surgical treatment. Partially articular factures can be treated by minimally-invasive methods and arthroscopy is useful to assist and control the fracture reduction and to treat intra-articular soft-tissue injuries. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is the gold standard treatment for these fractures. Complex articular fractures can be treated by ring external fixators and minimally-invasive osteosynthesis (EFMO) or by ORIF. EFMO can be related to suboptimal articular reduction; however, outcome analysis shows results that are equal to, or even superior to, ORIF. The ORIF strategy should also include the optimal reduction of the articular surface. Anterolateral and anteromedial surgical approaches do not permit adequate reduction and fixation of posterolateral and posteromedial fragments. To achieve this, it is necessary to reduce and fix them through specific posterolateral or posteromedial approaches that allow optimal reduction and plate/screw placement. Some authors have also suggested that primary total knee arthroplasty could be an option in specific patients and with specific fracture patterns.

Cite this article: Prat-Fabregat S, Camacho-Carrasco P. Treatment strategy for tibial plateau fractures: an update. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:225-232. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000031.
Patient-specific instrumentation for total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Gomes Nuno Sampaio
Published: June 2016

Shoulder arthroplasty is a demanding procedure with a known complication rate. Most complications are associated with the glenoid component, a fact that has stimulated investigation into that specific component of the implant. Avoiding glenoid component malposition is very important and is a key reason for recent developments in pre-operative planning and instrumentation to minimise risk. Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) was developed as an alternative to navigation systems, originally for total knee arthroplasty, and is a valid option for shoulder replacements today. It offers increased accuracy in the placement of the glenoid component, which improves the likelihood of an optimal outcome. A description of the method of pre-operative planning and surgical technique is presented, based on the author’s experience and a review of the current literature.

Cite this article: Gomes N. Patient-specific instrumentation for total shoulder arthroplasty. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:177-182. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000033.
Constrained liners, dual mobility or large diameter heads to avoid dislocation in THA
Authors: Guyen Olivier
Published: June 2016

Dislocation remains a common cause of failure after total hip arthroplasty. The limitations of existing approaches to address instability have led to the development of powerfull options: constrained liners, dual mobility and large heads. These implant-related options have proven to be very efficient, but have raised concerns. With constrained liners, restricted range of motion (ROM) is responsible for impingement leading to high likelihood of failure, depending on the design, with various failure modes. Improvements of the bearing materials have addressed some of the concerns about increased volumetric wear of conventional polyethylene and offer an option to reduce instability: large diameter heads have the advantage of increased ROM before impingement, increased head-neck ratio, and jump distance. Highly cross-linked polyethylene helps address the risk for increased wear, and also large heads provide improved stability without the risk of mechanical failures observed with constrained liners. However, the increase of the head size remains limited as reducing the thickness of the liner may lead to fractures. In addition, the jump distance decreases as the cup abduction increases. The dual mobility concept simultaneously attempts to address head-neck ratio, constraint, and jump distance. Despite the need for longer follow-up, concerns raised about potential increased wear and intra-prosthetic dislocation with first generation implants have been addressed with modern designs. With a dramatic increase of the head-neck ratio whilst reducing the risk of mechanical failure or excessive wear, dual mobility THA outperforms large diameter heads and constrained liners at 10 years follow-up. For these reasons, dual mobility continues to gain interest worldwide and is becoming the most popular option to manage instability.

Cite this article: Guyen O. Constrained liners, dual mobility or large diameter heads to avoid dislocation in THA. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:197-204. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000054.
Polytrauma in the elderly: a review
Authors: Braun Benedikt Johannes , Holstein Jörg , Fritz Tobias , Veith Nils Thomas , Herath Steven , Mörsdorf Philipp , Pohlemann Tim
Published: June 2016

Although the field of geriatric trauma is – ironically – young, care for the elderly trauma patient is increasingly recognised as an important challenge, considering the worldwide trend towards increasing longevity. Increasing age is associated with physiological changes and resulting comorbidities that present multiple challenges to the treating physician. Even though polytrauma is less likely with increasing age, lower-energy trauma can also result in life-threatening injuries due to the reduced physiological reserve. Mechanisms of injury and resulting injury patterns are markedly changed in the elderly population and new management strategies are needed. From initial triage to long-term rehabilitation, these patients require care that differs from the everyday standard. In the current review, the special requirements of this increasing patient population are reviewed and management options discussed. With the increase in orthogeriatrics as a speciality, the current status quo will almost certainly shift towards a more tailored treatment approach for the elderly patient. Further research expanding our current knowledge is needed to reduce the high morbidity and mortality rate.

Cite this article: Braun BJ, Holstein J, Fritz T, Veith NT, Herath S, Mörsdorf P, Pohlemann T. Polytrauma in the elderly: a review. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:146-151. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.160002.
Constructing cultural memory: A memetic approach
Authors: Swiatek Lukasz
Published: June 2016

Research on memes has been growing within cultural memory studies. To date, this research has largely focused on the ways in which memes transmit representations of shared pasts. This article, instead, examines how memes are used to construct cultural memory. It makes two arguments: first, that cultural memory can be engineered through memes and can take the form of texts, artefacts or practices. Second, large sets of such memes – ‘memeplexes’ – can help societies not only engage in acts of remembrance, but also help guide their future behaviours and attitudes. However, these processes are problematic, and the article discusses these tensions. The Nobel Peace Prize serves as the article’s case study, with an analysis of the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony illustrating its arguments.
Negotiating the past in hyperconnected memory cultures: Post-Soviet nostalgia and national identity in Russian online communities
Authors: Kalinina Ekaterina , Menke Manuel
Published: June 2016

This article presents an empirical analysis and theoretical reflections on the negotiation of memories in hyperconnected memory cultures. In order to describe the conditions of memory negotiation, we suggest using the notion of ‘hyperconnected memories’, which refers to the mediatization of memory in a nexus of contingent forms of communication. By conducting a critical discourse analysis (CDA), we show how the Soviet past is negotiated in contemporary Russia and analyse how national identity is discursively constructed alongside official narratives and individual memories. We argue that an important element in this process is nostalgia, which motivates people to join mnemonic online communities but also functions as an intermediary between cultural memory and national identity by making history a personal, sentimental matter. However, we will also demonstrate that the negotiation of official history and individual memory in mnemonic online communities does not automatically lead to emancipation from state-propagated narratives.
Memory, storytelling and the digital archive: Revitalizing community and regional identities in the virtual age
Authors: Mutibwa Daniel H.
Published: June 2016

This article discusses how the interplay between the canon, the archive and performance informs the use of digital heritage resources in the construction, interpretation, representation, circulation and preservation of cultural and/or collective memory with a view to animating community and regional identities. To this end, the article draws on a range of relevant theoretical models and ethnographic fieldwork to interrogate how the aforementioned interplay enables and encourages different approaches to meaning and memory-making through the lens of two British case study heritage projects in Stoke-on-Trent (West Midlands of England) and the Isle of Bute (West Coast of Scotland). The overarching argument is that local, alternative, bottom-up approaches to telling (hi)stories and re-enacting the past not only effectively take on a socio-political dimension directed at challenging dominant, hegemonic, institutional narratives and versions of the past, but – in doing so – they also offer new and refreshingly different ways of understanding, representing, remembering and rediscovering the past meaningfully in ways that local communities and regions can relate with.
EGG PRODUCTION AND HATCHABILITY OF LOCAL DUCKS UNDER SEMI INTENSIVE VS EXTENSIVE MANAGEMENTS
Authors: Widiyaningrum P. , Lisdiana L. , Utami N. R.
Published: June 2016

The study aimed to compare the egg production and hatchability of local ducks under different management systems, namely semi-intensive and extensive. The research conducted was an experimental one-way classification withtwo treatments.Each treatment used 15 male and 120 females (mating ratio 1:8), and ducks aged 13-14 months. Eggs production was recorded during three weeks period. About300 eggs were selected from each treatment to be hatched. Fertility was observedat 4th days of hatching process using egg candler. Data of eggs production, eggs weight, fertility,and hatchability were analyzed using unpaired two sample Student’s t-test. The results showed that average of egg weight, fertility and hatchability were notdifferent under two managementsystem, but egg production in the semi-intensive maintenance was significantly higher (P<0.05) thanthose inthe extensive system.Egg production in the semi-intensivewas 12.3% higher than those in the extensive.In conclusion, the semi-intensive system that is applied in this study the number of eggs production but did not affect the average of egg weight, fertility and hatchability.
Pre-treatment of Fulvic Acid Plays a Stimulant Role in Protection of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Leaves Against Heat and Salt Stress
Authors: Dinler Burcu Seckin , Gunduzer Esra , Tekinay Turgay
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study was to illuminate the effects of fulvic acid in plants’ stress signaling pathway. 2.0 mg/l fulvic acid was sprayed on soybean leaves for 3 days at 12 h intervals, followed by treatment of 150 mM NaCl or exposed to heat stress at 35°C for 2 h over 2 days. Pre-treatment with fulvic acid increased the relative water content (RWC), antioxidant enzyme, isoenzyme activities (SOD, APX, GST), as well as alleviated the stress-induced oxidative damage by decreasing the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, the application of fulvic acid under salt stress induced rubisco expression only at 12 h, while it induced the expression of cytochrome c oxidase at 6 h and 12 h. On the other hand, fulvic acid under heat stress induced significant expression of both rubisco and cytochrome c oxidase at 6 h and 12 h. However, under high salinity conditions, fulvic acid suppressed the transcript levels of Hsp70, while it induced increases in Hsp70 levels under heat treatment at 6 h. As a result, in this study, fulvic acid played the role of a regulator and stimulant in stress response of soybean leaves.
Establishment of Highly Efficient Agrobacterium Rhizogenes-mediated Transformation for Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni Explants
Authors: Michalec-Warzecha Żaneta , Pistelli Laura , D’Angiolillo Francesca , Libik-Konieczny Marta
Published: June 2016

Leaves and internodes from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plants growing in different conditions were used for transformation with two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes: ATCC 15384 and LBA 9402. Hairy roots formation was observed and the percentage of the transformed explants depended on the type of explant, time of inoculation and inoculum concentration. Inoculation of explants from ex vitro and in vitro plants with LBA 9402 strain led to higher efficiency of transformation than inoculation with ATCC 15384 strain. Growth rate of hairy roots in liquid culture was assessed under light and dark conditions. It was found that the growth of hairy roots decreased significantly under light conditions. Transformation of hairy roots growing in different culture conditions was confirmed at the molecular level using PCR method with primers constructed against rolB and rolC genes from A. rhizogenes.
Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation Affects Expression of Genes Involved in Biosynthesis and Turnover of 2-Phenylethylamine in Maize Seedlings
Authors: Sytykiewicz Hubert , Horbowicz Marcin , Wiczkowski Wiesław , Koczkodaj Danuta , Mitrus Joanna , Sawicki Tomasz , Sławianowska Julia , Szwed Magdalena
Published: June 2016

The objective of the study was to assess the influence of methyl jasmonate (MJ) vapors on accumulation of 2-phenylethylamine (PEA), phenylacetic acid (PAA) and 2-phenylethanol (PE) in leaves and roots of maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays, saccharata group, cv. Złota Karłowa) seedlings. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression patterns of eight genes (ADH1, ADH2, AO2, CAO, PDC1, PDC2, PTA and LOX, encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and 2, primary amine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase 2, phenylalanine decarboxylase 1 and 2, phenylalanine (histidine) transaminase and lipoxygenase, respectively) involved in biosynthesis and turnover of PEA in maize tissues. In addition, the effect of MJ application on fresh biomass and growth of the tested seedlings was recorded. One-day MJ exposure increased the fresh weight of aerial parts and roots of Z. mays seedlings, whereas the opposite tendency occurred after 4-day of MJ treatment. One-day application of MJ resulted in an increase in the length of roots and its fluctuations in the aerial parts of maize plants, but extended exposure declined the growth of both parts of the seedlings. Methyl jasmonate elicitation caused various changes in the contents of PEA, PAA and PE in the maize seedlings. MJ treatments led to high upregulation of most genes, with the exception of three genes (i.e., ADH1, ADH2 and AO2) whose expression was downregulated after a 4-day exposure.
Sensitivity analysis for optimal control problems governed by nonlinear evolution inclusions
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. , Repovš Dušan D.
Published: June 2016

We consider a nonlinear optimal control problem governed by a nonlinear evolution inclusion and depending on a parameter λ. First we examine the dynamics of the problem and establish the nonemptiness of the solution set and produce continuous selections of the solution multifunction

ξ
↦

S
⁢

(
ξ
)

${\xi\mapsto S(\xi\/)}$

(ξ being the initial condition). These results are proved in a very general framework and are of independent interest as results about evolution inclusions. Then we use them to study the sensitivity properties of the optimal control problem. We show that we have Hadamard well-posedness (continuity of the value function), and we establish the continuity properties of the optimal multifunction. Finally, we present an application on a nonlinear parabolic distributed parameter system.
Chinese Word Identification and Sentence Intelligibility in Primary School Classrooms
Authors: Peng Jianxin , Jiang Peng
Published: June 2016

The Chinese word identification and sentence intelligibility are evaluated by grades 3 and 5 students in the classrooms with different reverberation times (RTs) from three primary school under different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The relationships between subjective word identification and sentence in- telligibility scores and speech transmission index (STI) are analyzed. The results show that both Chinese word identification and sentence intelligibility scores for grades 3 and 5 students in the classroom in- creased with the increase of SNR (and STI), increased with the increase of the age of students, and decreased with the increase of RT. To achieve a 99% sentence intelligibility score, the STIs required for grades 3, grade 5 students, and adults are 0.71, 0.61, and 0.51, respectively. The required objective acoustical index determined by a certain threshold of the word identification test might be underestimated for younger children (grade 3 students) in classroom but overestimated for adults. A method based on the sentence test is more useful for speech intelligibility evaluation in classrooms than that based on the word test for different age groups. Younger children need more favorable classroom acoustical environment with a higher STI than older children and adults to achieve the optimum speech communication in the classroom.
Noise Annoyance Caused by Amplitude Modulated Sounds Resembling the Main Characteristics of Temporal Wind Turbine Noise
Authors: Hafke-Dys Honorata , Preis Anna , Kaczmarek Tomasz , Biniakowski Adam , Kleka Paweł
Published: June 2016

Annoyance ratings for artificially created noises, resembling the main characteristics of temporal wind turbine noise, were studied by means of a listening experiment involving 21 participants with normal hearing. Three types of stimuli were examined: broadband noise (−4 dB/octave), noise generated by moving cars, and narrowband noise. All stimuli had the sound level fluctuations typical for wind turbine noise. The magnitude of the sound level fluctuations was measured in a quantitative way, by using the characteristics of amplitude modulated sound: modulation rate and modulation depth. Our aim was to examine how the modulation rate and the modulation depth influence the noise annoyance assessment of broadband and narrowband amplitude modulated noises. Three different modulation rates, 1, 2 and 4 Hz, and sound level fluctuations (a measure of the modulation depth), 3, 6, 9 dB, were applied to each type of stimuli (with exception of noise generated by the moving cars) and investigated. The participants in the listening experiment were presented with sound stimuli in laboratory conditions and asked to rate their annoyance on a numerical scale. The results have shown a significant difference between the investigated conditions. The effect was particularly strong between the annoyance judgments of different types of noise (narrow and broadband), and modulated versus unmodulated noises. Temporal fluctuations occurring in wind turbine noise are very pertinent to the perception of annoyance and could be responsible for its being a relatively annoying noise source. The obtained results were discussed and compared to the typical modulation rates and level changes that occur in recordings of real wind turbine noise.