bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-commerce and Consumer Protection in Integrated Markets
Authors: Terradas Beatriz Añoveros
Published: May 2020

Consumer protection by European private international law rules have acquired a new dimension that has led to a new paradigm. This change arises from amendments to legislation and new ECJ case law in the field of e-commerce. Firstly, the BIR recast establishes universal rules of jurisdiction in consumer contracts. The reform has eliminated the existence of two different jurisdictional regimes in matters relating to consumer contracts in order to create a unified European system, eliminating the possibility for the national courts to apply the so-called residual jurisdiction rules. Secondly, European Court of Justice case-law concerning e-commerce transactions has shifted its focus to the conduct of suppliers instead of the traditional distinction between active and passive consumers. This new focus covers a wider range of cases in which the consumer is protected. Both changes have greatly increased the protection of the consumer when entering into an international contract. From a European perspective, this should be seen as a step further in the evolution of European consumer policy and its goals. However, more difficulties arise when explaining such an extension from an international perspective.
Protection of the Individual in Recent Private International Law Codification in Latin America
Authors: Paredes Sebastián
Published: May 2020

This chapter presents an overview of the recent developments in Latin American private international law acts and civil codes for cross-border cases. International jurisdiction, applicable law and international judicial co-operation in recent private international law rules contained in national sources are the focus of analysis with special attention to solutions given by traditional approaches and theories but also by modern ones like the possibility to use non-State law for access to justice or for international commercial contracts. Other questions addressed in this chapter are: Is the protection of individuals improved in these new laws? How Latin Americans seek to deal with the decisive upsurge of human rights principles in post-modern private international law and cross border relationships and to fulfil access to justice?
Private International Law and International Commercial Arbitration – A Dialogue about the Usefulness and Awareness of the Former for the Latter
Authors: Cordero-Moss Giuditta , Arroyo Diego P. Fernández
Published: May 2020

This chapter reproduces a keynote debate that took place at one of the conferences in Edinburgh in the context of the PILIM project. Diego Fernandez Arroyo and Giuditta Cordero-Moss discussed the role of private international law in international commercial arbitration. They discuss the usefulness of conflict rules in arbitration proceedings, among other things where the parties have made a choice of law, examining also the limitations of choice of law clauses.
Doing and Becoming: Warlpiri Rituals and Myths
Authors: Glowczewski Barbara
Published: May 2020

This chapter analyses the relation between Warlpiri myth and ritual from the perspective of the cosmological and ritual differentiation of male and female. It is a challenging repositioning of gender in relation to religion and spirituality based on an Aboriginal cosmologic which values a mythical androgyny of some hybrid totemic human and non human ancestors of current humans and their totemic species, animals, plants, or phenomena like rain or fire. To reactualise such a virtual androgyny in themselves, both men and women perform ceremonies reenacting through dances, songs and painted bodies the totemic travels but in ritual spaces restricted to one gender. In this ritual separation, they are both involved in land tenure and dream revelation of new designs to paint, sing or dance as a reactualisation of a virtual collective and earth memory. Women can dream for men and more rarely men dream for women. First published in French in 1991.
Lines and Criss-Crossings: Hyperlinks in Australian Indigenous Narratives
Authors: Glowczewski Barbara
Published: May 2020

This chapter presents digital forms of anthropological restitution developed in the late 1990’s and early 2000 by Barbara Glowczewski with different Aboriginal peoples for their own use and a larger audience. She designed the CD-ROM Dream Trackers (Yapa Art and Knowledge of the Australian Desert published by Unesco) with 51 elders and artists from the Central Australian community of Lajamanu in the Northern Territory. Quest in Aboriginal Land is an interactive DVD based on films by Indigenous filmmaker Wayne Barker, juxtaposing four regions of Australia. Both projects aimed to explore and enhance the cultural foundations of the reticular way in which many Indigenous people in Australia map their knowledge and experience of the world in a geographical virtual web of narratives, images and performances. The relevance of games for anthropological insights is also discussed in the paper. Reticular or network thinking, Glowczewski argues, is a very ancient Indigenous practice but it gains today a striking actuality thanks to the fact that our so-called scientific perception of cognition, virtuality and social performance has changed through the use of new technologies. First published in 2002.
Standing with the Earth: From Cosmopolitical Exhaustion to Indigenous Solidarities
Authors: Glowczewski Barbara
Published: May 2020

This essay shows that the exhaustion of the earth, of certain ontologies, and of our creative forces, are all interconnected, just as the ethico-aesthetic responses to this exhaustion are inseparable from cosmopolitics. More and more activist movements struggling against the destruction of their living environments – especially because of the extractive industries that accelerate the climate change and poison the water and the air, – look for alliance with and inspiration from Indigenous people, such as Aboriginal Australians, whose vision of the Earth is not to deny nature on the pretext that it would have succumbed to human technologies. This article proposes to respond to the reduction of ontologies in anthropology with a “slow anthropology” that would be “standing with the Earth”, a slow anthropology based on a field experience, ecosophically inspired by visions and creativity of Indigenous peoples and of their allies, and by the Science Fiction according to Haraway, Stengers and Meillassoux. First published in 2017.
A Violent Unravelling
Authors: Broers Laurence
Published: May 2020

This chapter provides background on the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict as it unfolded in 1988-1994. Rather than a chronological narrative, the chapter tells the story of these events through the prism of four categories of explanation (structural vulnerabilities, transitional factors, leadership and culture). This situates the conflict against the backdrop of the Soviet collapse, equips the reader with basic facts, and distils the main findings of the existing literature on the conflict.
Conclusion: The After-life of the Ibn ʿAbd al-Hādī Collection
Authors: Hirschler Konrad
Published: May 2020

This conclusion argues that the Ibn ʿAbd al-Hadi book collection survived so well because it was marginal to scholarly practices in the following centuries. Few of its books made their way to the new scholarly centre, Istanbul, and manuscript traders of the nineteenth century only bought a small number of its manuscripts.
Collaboration in Theory and Practice
Authors: Murfin Audrey
Published: May 2020

This chapter considers Robert Louis Stevenson’s collaborations in the context of criticism on literary collaboration. In order to define collaboration, we must consider four essential questions: is it acknowledged? is it mutual? is it equal? and is it separable? All authors receive advice from others, making all creative practice in a sense collaborative, but this chapter proposes that texts in which the collaboration is mutually undertaken and overtly acknowledged differ fundamentally from traditionally authored texts. On the other hand, criticism of collaboration has been hampered by the assumption that true collaboration must be evenly divided (all of Stevenson’s collaborations were, in one way or another, unequal ones), and that the business of the critic is to solve the “problem” of who has written what, a project which shows an a priori scepticism about the possibility of collaboration at all.
Disjecta Membra: Collaboration and the Body of the Text in The Wrong Box and The Master of Ballantrae
Authors: Murfin Audrey
Published: May 2020

Stevenson’s most extensive and lengthy literary collaboration was with his stepson Lloyd Osbourne. Stevenson wrote the comic novel The Wrong Box with Osbourne in 1889. The Wrong Box is the only work for which we have extensive manuscript material showing the creative process that the partners used. While Stevenson and Osbourne were at work together on the The Wrong Box, Stevenson was simultaneously working alone on the much better received The Master of Ballantrae (1889). Thematically similar to The Wrong Box but tonally opposite, The Master of Ballantrae revisits the questions of family and morality posed by The Wrong Box and demonstrates the extent to which Stevenson’s collaborations, and his thoughts about those collaborations, inform even work purportedly not collaborative.
Representation and Identity
Authors: Colburn Henry P.
Published: May 2020

This chapter considers the construction of individual identities and their representations in various visual media. The prevailing view has been that the 27th Dynasty was characterized by artistic poverty brought on by Achaemenid rule. A reexamination of the dating criteria used to create the corpus of Late Period sculpture demonstrates that this ‘poverty’ is a modern scholarly construct. Moreover, these criteria are more frequently used to exclude objects from the 27th Dynasty than to attribute objects to it. The examples of Egyptian art that can unequivocally be assigned to the Achaemenid period are illustrative of a wide range of approaches to and experiences with the empire. These include the statue of Darius found at Susa, the stelae erected along the Red Sea canal, funerary monuments, personal votives, and the naophorous statues of Horwedja, Ptahhotep and Udjahorresnet. Based on these example, it seems that ethnicity was not a clear predictor either of one’s relationship to the empire or of how one conceived of one’s own identity.
Supplementing
Authors: Cooper Sarah
Published: May 2020

This chapter looks specifically at the activity of supplementing what is on screen. Supplementing, as understood here, is a matter of entering into an encounter with onscreen images that inscribe the imprint of what is to be imagined within them. The chapter opens with consideration of a range of short films from To Each His Own Cinema (Gilles Jacob, 2007), before centring in the first main section on Abbas Kiarostami’s Shirin (2008) in which the camera is turned on the expressions of a cinema audience: viewers hear what the women are watching and see the effect it has on their faces through their emotions but they never see it on screen. The second section of this chapter explores a quite different impression of imagination on the onscreen image through discussion of Jan Švankmajer’s The Fall of the House of Usher (1980) and The Pendulum, the Pit, and Hope (1983). The voice-over narrative and/or soundscape paints vivid pictures that flesh out in the mind what is not shown, the impact of which is seen on the screen, and the imagination works between the two, supplementing the onscreen image.
Reshaping
Authors: Cooper Sarah
Published: May 2020

This chapter focuses on the activity of reshaping the image perceived on screen. The first section returns to Patrick Keiller’s London, first spoken about in the opening chapter, and to an example that was not discussed there in which the wandering imaginary figure of Robinson, a latter-day flâneur who is engaged in drifting and free association, pauses to remember a row of factories in a landscape that is now characterised by their absence. The shot of the landscape without the factories is held for long enough for spectators to imagine them as theorised in the first chapter, through layering and filling in. However, the imagining of the factories in such a manner involves a transformation of the perceived landscape and is tied to a political project too; it is this reshaping of the perceptual world that the rest of this chapter develops, concentrating on a few of the forms that this process takes principally with reference to films by Jean-Marie Straub and Danièle Huillet.
William Carleton’s and Charles Kickham’s Ethnographic Realism
Authors: Mullen Mary L.
Published: May 2020

This chapter focuses on William Carleton and Charles Joseph Kickham, two Irish writers who received critical and popular acclaim for their truthful portrayals of Irish life in the nineteenth century but are understood as ethnographic rather than realist writers in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Questioning this distinction between realism and ethnography by studying narrative metalepsis within their novels, the chapter argues that both Carleton and Kickham demonstrate how institutions imagine a future that depends upon forgetting. Remembering what institutions work to forget, the politically conservative Carleton legitimates traditional practices that institutions seek to root out while Kickham, a Fenian who advocated revolution, cultivates an anti-institutional and anti-English political stance.
George Moore’s Untimely Bildung
Authors: Mullen Mary L.
Published: May 2020

Writing at the end of the nineteenth century, George Moore’s realist experiments both consolidated a realist movement in England and actively challenged institutions like circulating libraries that shaped the development of mid-century realism. But despite Moore’s importance to the institutionalisation of realism in England and the flourishing of naturalism in Ireland, he remains woefully understudied in part because of his performative, often comic, refusal of institutions. This chapter takes this performance seriously as it focuses on his revisions to the realist Bildungsroman in the ‘English’ Esther Waters (1894) and the ‘Irish’ A Drama in Muslin (1886). In both of these novels of development, Moore claims that public institutions and private growth are at odds. A Drama in Muslin adopts an explicitly anachronistic narrative temporality that refuses to allow the protagonist’s individual development to represent national development while Esther Waters validates the protagonist’s stasis over time – her illiteracy despite education. Combining an anti-institutional impulse with an anachronistic narrative temporality, Moore questions the institutionalised assumptions of what constitutes proper growth.
Reading the Human Drama in Film and Fiction
Authors: Moss-Wellington Wyatt
Published: May 2020

This chapter goes into greater detail regarding the history of humanist thought and the way a narrative-based humanism might be exhumed from humanism’s philosophical lineage. It looks at the differences between Renaissance, canonical, and contemporary secular humanisms and the set of values that are conjured when a narrative is described as “humanistic.” It makes a case for humanism as both a style of storytelling, and a reading method, and thus establishes a “humanist hermeneutics” that will be carried through the remainder of the book. In so doing, this chapter sets up some core values of narrative humanism: it describes the difference between narrative and character complexity, the use of social science as a hermeneutic tool, the value of incomplete striving for understanding rather than grand theories that totalise people’s worlds, and finally describes some of the alternatives to humanism before concluding.
Short Story
Authors: Laing Sarah
Published: May 2020

Laura had been worried all day about crashing the car – the last time she’d driven Monica, she’d overtaken a cyclist on a blind rise and Monica had flinched, anticipating the crunch of a head-on collision that would ricochet the oncoming car against the Frida Kahlo mural on the concrete retaining wall. The mural was primitive, done by a midnight gang with no council mandate. Ian Curtis’s death date was up there too, and either someone continued to touch up the paint, or it had everlasting properties. Why were people in Wellington so fixated on Ian Curtis’s death? Other people had suicided subsequently. Kurt Cobain, Robin Williams, Antony Bourdain. There were no retaining walls near where she lived and the hill crumbled, cascaded, little slumps of ochre rock strewing the road. There was also a sign, warning drivers about low-flying kereru, but the last time she’d biked up the hill, she saw a wood pigeon on the road, its wings iridescent green and blue, scarlet blood starbursting its head. It was the first time she’d seen one with its eyes shut....
Disputes over the Material Contribution of Semen
Authors: Trott Adriel M.
Published: May 2020

Critics argue that the formal work of semen cannot be done through material because material cannot do the work of form. This chapter examines the restricted material view and the robust material view in the literature as it coalesces around the role of what Aristotle calls vital heat in semen. The second part of the chapter examines Aristotle’s account of form in conversation with Plato and Neoplatonic views of form. It makes a case for individual form in Aristotle that can work through matter in semen.
Sex Differentiation, Inheritance and the Meaning of Form in Generation
Authors: Trott Adriel M.
Published: May 2020

Sex differentiation raises problems for the account of the import of matter for semen’s capacity to animate. Critics of the view that matter matters for semen’s formal work argue that the male contributes a principle and not a material product and so its material is irrelevant. This chapter shows how the specifics of sexual differentiation and trait inheritance support the view that the male contribution works as form on material through the material capacity of heat. The female contribution is similarly shown to be capable of resisting the male contribution and can loosen the male’s ability to produce an offspring like itself because the male’s form is working through material and affected by other matter. The chapter concludes by showing the limits of contradiction and contrariety for thinking the relationship between form and matter beyond opposites to show how the Möbius strip model presents another alternative.
Conclusion: On Material in Aristotle’s Biology
Authors: Trott Adriel M.
Published: May 2020

The conclusion returns to the concern over whether material in Aristotle is subordinated to form, and thus whether Aristotle promulgates a normative metaphysics that maligns matter. The chapter draws together the various aspects of the argument to conclude that Aristotle gives material its own power. The Conclusion considers the implications of this argument for fitting Aristotle into the one-sex and two-sex models and shows how the Möbius strip is a useful model for conceiving the relationship of form to matter.
Topical Shakespeare and the Urgency of Ambiguity
Authors: Desai Adhaar Noor
Published: May 2020

One way to make the Shakespeare classroom a site for social engagement and action, rather than one overly invested in historicizing or aestheticizing Renaissance literature, is letting students themselves decide what Shakespeare’s plays can offer them. Taking his inspiration from James Baldwin, Adhaar Desai describes enlisting Shakespeare as a “witness” to the full scope of human experience through exercises that reframe close reading a “risky, collaborative, and urgent exercise.” Through a process of experimental free association he calls “riffing,” he entices students to trust their instincts and the text’s volatile ambiguities. Experimental, collaborative, and empowering, its goal is to give students, not Shakespeare, authority in the classroom.
Chicano Shakespeare: The Bard, the Border, and the Peripheries of Performance
Authors: Espinosa Ruben
Published: May 2020

Questions of race, ethnicity, power, and identity are not “marginal” to the study of early modern texts, but are indeed central to the work of teaching Shakespeare to students living along the U.S.–Mexico border. Lack of visibility and access regularly alienates Chicanx, Latinx, and other students who have never been invited to imagine Shakespeare as “theirs.” This chapter details an innovative strategy for addressing this problem: student-directed productions (five-minute films) that incorporate original Shakespearean language with dialogue of the students’ own, in which students are free to address contemporary social issues. The result is creative projects that help students feel visible, surmount linguistic barriers, and put the issues that matter to them on the “map.”
Rural Shakespeare and the Tragedy of Education
Authors: Osborne Jeffrey
Published: May 2020

How do professors connect Shakespeare to “something like social justice and democratic practice” when students see higher education as suspect and “learning as an act of cultural betrayal”? This is the challenge faced by many of those teaching early modern texts to first-generation economically disadvantaged students in rural com- munities who have been raised to doubt that “the arts and humanities have any positive value at all.” This chapter proposes that the first step in engaging such students is helping them see that their disaffection is the result of their having actually been “the objects of an injustice.” Osborne describes a general education seminar in literature and philosophy which gives students space to temporarily “suspend and question their values.” Here, the tragedies of Shakespeare and other authors enable the kind of productive disorientation (aporia) that enables rediscovery and leads to a hunger for justice.
Halls of Montezuma and the Utility of War
Authors: Shaw Dan
Published: May 2020

Cavell acknowledged John Stuart Mill as a fellow perfectionist, with reference to On Liberty and its aversion to conformity. But the primary focus of this chapter is Mill’s principle of utility, and the hedonic calculus that springs therefrom. One of the hardest things to accept about war is its cost in human lives. Hollywood films often help us do so by arguing that more lives are saved than are lost by such sacrifices. From the Halls of Montezuma makes the case convincingly in explicitly utilitarian terms. In this regard, it will be contrasted with the mission in Saving Private Ryan, which makes no sense in utilitarian terms.
Thoreau, Civil Disobedience, and Selma
Authors: Shaw Dan
Published: May 2020

Henry David Thoreau is Cavell’s other bellwether American philosopher; he has an entire volume devoted to commentary on Thoreau’s Walden. This chapter will discuss the radical individualism Thoreau advocated in that classic, as well as his revolutionary treatise On Civil Disobedience. Martin Luther King made specific reference to this groundbreaaking work, and then engaged in successful attempts to put Thoreau’s principles into action. The recent Hollywood epic Selma celebrates one of the outstanding examples of such disobedience as leading directly to the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
The Myth and the Logos
Authors: Del Lucchese Filippo
Published: May 2020

This chaper explores the question of monstrosity through the conflictual nature of the archaic and ancient mythology. Already in the early cosmogonies, monstrosity fights for alternative orders of being. Against them, normality is established through a long, painful, and challenging process in which, curiously, monstrosity is not only the principal enemy, but also one of the tools that paradoxically helps the mainstream forces to establish themselves. The material analysed in this chapter constitutes the ground to present the passage from myth to logos and to better understand the genealogy of two alternative visions of nature, i.e. materialism and idealism which, long before the great Attic systematisations, divide the field of pre-Platonic philosophy.
Introduction: The Gift of Being Disgusted
Authors: Bryant Jan
Published: May 2020

This introductory chapter outlines the book’s theoretical concerns: how the political is thought as a distinction between politics (le politique) and the political (la politique); the need to argue for hope as a possibility of the present, disentangled from teleological or theological forms, framed by Andrew Benjamin; and, the indivisibility of politics and aesthetics (the political aesthetic) conceptualised by Rancière. It covers the crucial difference between Schmitt’s ‘enemy/friend conflict’ and ‘dissensus’, which Rancière poses as a struggle for emancipation played out on the aesthetic plane. An important thrust of the book is to see artists’ relationships to others as a quality and methodology that inheres in the practice itself. This is a demand for an ethics of practice (Simon Critchley) that disavows the autonomy of art as an act or an object separated from its making or worldly context. [139]
Alex Monteith – Na Trioblóidí and Decolonising Tactics
Authors: Bryant Jan
Published: May 2020

Alex Monteith’s practice falls somewhere in the interconnecting threads of performance, situation and place, and often involves working with different kinds of communities. As a woman born in Northern Ireland and then as an immigrant to NZ Aotearoa, she offers an interesting perspective on colonialist subjectivity and its ongoing effects. Covered are her Irish works, Chapter and Verse (2005) and Shadow V (2017), both dealing with The Troubles, and her ongoing project Murihiku Coastal Incursions (2014–) that explores questionable archaeological practices in 1970s’ Aotearoa. Each artwork offers a different set of problems about how to present an ethically positioned political-aesthetics that deeply considers the rights of the people with whom she engages. Teased out are the implications of the British Navy’s Pacific explorations in the 18th century that preceded the displacement of first peoples in Aotearoa and Australia by waves of settlers. Other artworks included in this chapter are Sarah Munro’s series, Trade Item (2018), which are reworkings of Tupaia’s, Māori Bartering a Crayfish (1768), William Hodges, Cascade Cove: Dusky Bay (1775) and John Glover’s, The River Nile, Van Diemen’s Land from Mr Glover’s Farm (1837). [187]
Political-Aesthetics and Contemporary Artists: Introduction
Authors: Bryant Jan
Published: May 2020

As introduction to the four essays on contemporary practice, this chapter opens with some examples of political despondency at the turn of the century. Two films from the 1960s, Soy Cuba and Winter Soldier, are closely examined as a way to understand the hopefulness for a renewed future that must have inspired their making. From a contemporary perspective, hope has faded with the unfolding of history and the intensification of class inequality. While this seems to support an ‘end of history’ thesis, it is the point where Andrew Benjamin’s structuring of hope in the present becomes a potent retort. The chapter concludes with a consideration of how political-aesthetics is informed this century by a renewed interest in materials and their effects, while also considering the materialist approaches of Marx, Walter Benjamin, and Elizabeth Grosz. A materialist approach means that focus on the sensate realm determines that a portion of any interpretation of artwork will include a subjective dimension. [154]
How to Be Yourself – But Not Eccentric: Clothes, Style and Self in Bowen’s Short Fiction
Authors: Gasston Aimee
Published: May 2020

If Bowen can be said to ‘indulge’ and ‘antagonize […] modernist theory and practice’ (Hunter 113), a key question is whether it was her extra-experimentalism that ensured her sidelining from the prototypical modernist canon. Critics such as Susan Osborn have described Bowen’s texts as being written in a ‘queer, opaque style’, one that ‘realizes itself not solely as a style to be looked through but as a style to be looked at as well’ (194). Following this line of thought, this chapter examines the stylised, patterned rendering of Bowen’s short fiction as a type of dress and consider its relationship with personal statement. It explores Bowen’s material style as ‘the dress of thought’ in opposition to what she saw as the common flaw of modern short fiction; ‘too much prose draped around an insufficiently vital feeling’, and consider the material detail of her stories not as frivolous frippery but as a key technical expression of her contingent view of the world (Hepburn 250).
‘How Much of Nothing There Was’: Trying (Not) to Understand Elizabeth Bowen
Authors: Tarnopolsky Damian
Published: May 2020

This chapter notes that one of the strangest aspects of Bowen’s novels of the 1930s and 1940s is the prevalence of nothing in these texts. Examples range from sentences including double or triple negatives and words that cancel themselves out, to descriptions of parts of London destroyed by the Blitz, to scenes built around something missing. Her characters complain that they know nothing about each other or their own motives; her plots often resist final explanation, as if the novels are in some sense about nothing. On every page, in sentences, in her characters’ lives, in her sense of the world, Bowen’s novels pursue a paradoxical task: charting the presence of lack, absence and negativity. The chapter argues that Bowen’s obsessive dealing with nothingness is a clue to her sense of her place and time. Exploring Bowen’s ‘nothings’ is a way of understanding the fractured historical moment in which she wrote, and her response to it; it is also a way of placing her responses to late and high modernism, to world history and literary history.
The Tribunal, Parties and Relevant Persons
Authors: Auchie Derek P. , Carmichael Ailsa
Published: May 2020

The 2003 Act introduces for the first time the Mental Health Tribunal for Scotland. It also creates a new category of party to proceedings: the “named person”. Various other persons are entitled to receive intimation of and be given the opportunity to participate in proceedings. The Mental Health Officer and the Responsible Medical Officer each has a raft of statutory responsibilities in terms of the Act. Here we consider those who may be parties to proceedings, and the role of each in proceedings before the Tribunal, by reference both to the Act and to the Rules.
Impact of Quantitative, Emotional, and Cognitive Job Demands on Work-to-Family Conflict of University Faculty in Pakistan
Authors: Sarwar Farhan , Aisyah Panatik Siti
Published: May 2020

University academic faculty in Pakistan are facing greater pressures and higher workload from their jobs. It was hypothesized that faculty face quantitative, cognitive, and emotional demands on their jobs which would positively impact their experience of conflict arising from work and affecting family roles. A sample of 425 public sector faculty member from Pakistan filled an online survey questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information, Work to Family Conflict Scale-Short Form (Kacmar, Wayne, Carlson, Ferguson, & Whitten, 2014), and Job Demands Scale consisting of four items adopted by Experience and Evaluation of Work (Van Veldhoven & Meijman, 1994). Findings of t-test revealed that female faculty perceived significantly higher work-to-family conflict and cognitive demands compared to male faculty, while there was no gender difference in perceptions of quantitative and emotional demands. The hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modeling and a good fit was achieved. The direct relationship between quantitative and emotional job demands with work to the family conflict was significant and between cognitive job demands and work to family conflict was insignificant. No gender-based variance was found in the hypothesized model. The results can provide guidelines for the university administration to device effective work-family policies.
Urdu Translation and Adaptation of Brief COPE Scale
Authors: Nisa Asma , Siddiqui Salma
Published: May 2020

The phenomenon of coping has received remarkable recognition and instruments have been developed to survey diverse coping strategies. This study was aimed to translate, adapt, and validate Brief Coping Orientation of Problems Experienced (Brief COPE) inventory (Carver, 1997) in Urdu language by focusing on dispositional coping. The study includes two phases: Phase I comprised of translation and adaptation of Brief COPE in Urdu while in Phase II, psychometric analyses were carried out. The sample of 400 students (men = 200, women = 200) with age range between 19 to 25 years was taken from universities of Islamabad. The Brief COPE (Urdu), World Health Organization - Quality of Life Scale-Brief (Khan, Akhter, Ayub, Alam, & Naeem, 2003), and Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale (Ali, Reza, Khan, & Jehan, 1998) were administered. Factor analysis of Brief COPE yielded three factors namely, Problem Focused Coping, Avoidance Coping and Emotion Focused Coping that explained 33.66% of variance. The subscales demonstrated acceptable alpha reliability. Psychological distress correlated with avoidance and emotion focused coping; whereas problem focused coping correlated with better life satisfaction. Brief COPE demonstrated good preliminary evidence of internal consistency, convergent, and divergent validity for coping strategies, therefore, could be used in research and clinical settings in future in our culture.
Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS): Translation and Validation in Urdu Language
Authors: Anjum Afifa , Amjad Naumana
Published: May 2020

Values in Action is a classification of 24 character strengths grouped under six virtue categories. This classification is claimed to be universal across cultures and religions (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) and its measure that is, Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) has been translated and validated in many languages. The present study aimed at its Urdu translation and validation on Pakistani adults taken from different educational institutes and workplaces. Study comprised two parts. Part I dealt with the translation and cross-language validation while in Part II, Construct validation on a sample of 542 adults and convergent validity on a sample of 210 adult participants were determined. Findings revealed satisfactory alpha coefficients for Urdu version. Significant positive correlations with positive affect and life satisfaction and negative correlations with negative affect were indicators of its convergent validity. Age was negatively associated with five strengths whereas significant gender differences were found on seven strengths. Social desirability effects were nonsignificant. Strength-to-virtue level factor structure exploration resulted in a theoretically meaningful four factor structure. Factors were named as Interpersonal, Cognitive, Vitality, and Transcendence and were comparable to factor structures proposed in studies on VIA-IS from a few other cultures. The study offers a valid Urdu translation for use in future studies with adult Urdu speaking population.
Impact of Self-Generated Thoughts on Anxiety Symptoms Among University Students: Mediating Role of Rumination
Authors: Kiran Iqra , Ahsan Sadaf , Zaheer Sadaf , Naz Ayisha
Published: May 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of self-generated thoughts (daydreaming) on symptoms of anxiety among university students. Furthermore, mediating role of rumination was also studied. A sample of 300 university students aged 18-28 years and with minimum education of 14 years was collected through purposive sampling technique from different universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Self-report measures including Day-Dreaming Frequency Subscale of Imaginal Process Inventory (Singer & Antrobus, 1970) Ruminative Response Scale (Treynor, Gonzalez, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck, Epstein, Brown, & Steer, 1988) were administered to measure study variables. Results yielded self-generated thoughts as a significant positive predictor of anxiety symptoms, whereas rumination was found to significantly predict anxiety in positive direction. Moreover, rumination mediated the relationship between self-generated thoughts and symptoms of anxiety. Female students scored significantly higher on daydreaming, rumination, and anxiety symptoms as compared to male university students. This study will be helpful for mental health professionals to gain a better understanding that how daydreaming can have an impact on individual’s cognition and thus can raise more awareness about dangers associated with excessive daydreaming.
El secreto financiero como factor de la inversión directa extranjera
Authors: Moreno-Brieva Fernando Javier , Peñaherrera-Patiño Daniel Disyorque
Published: May 2020

Con los escándalos de corrupción relativos a las cuentas offshore de personas vinculadas al ámbito público y privado, que han sido descubiertos en los últimos años, esta investigación pretende comprobar la capacidad predictiva de una metodología alternativa a la clasificación que divide a las jurisdicciones en paraísos fiscales o no y que notoriamente no ha resultado ser eficaz. Específicamente, se ha analizado si el Índice del Secreto Financiero (ISF), que se calcula cada dos años, resulta ser un factor determinante sobre la Inversión Directa Extranjera (IDE) neta de entrada positiva. El método con el cual se ha trabajado es una regresión lineal múltiple, que permite efectuar análisis a nivel global, de jurisdicciones desarrolladas y emergentes, en el período posterior a la crisis económica mundial (2011- 2015). La principal conclusión obtenida del estudio es que existe una relación positiva y significativa entre el valor del ISF y la IDE de entrada neta positiva, solo a escala mundial.
La evaluación institucional en el contexto de la universidad ecuatoriana
Authors: Terán-Cano Fabián Eduardo , Tituaña-Dávila Karina Elizabeth
Published: May 2020

La evaluación institucional está ligada directamente a la toma de decisiones, con el objetivo de lograr la mejora continua de las instituciones universitarias, sus programas, resultados de aprendizaje, el desempeño de los profesores, y con especial énfasis en el entorno del aprendizaje, que permita tener un conocimiento de la realidad que atraviesa la institución, y, al mismo tiempo generar una cultura de evaluación en el ámbito universitario. Evaluar implica necesariamente establecer comparaciones a través de analizar las diferentes posturas presentes en los modelos de evaluación institucional propuestos por autores y organizaciones como Scriven, Stake, Sttufflebeam, EFQM, CINDA, CEAACES, CACES. En este artículo de investigación se realiza el abordaje desde la perspectiva teórica, analizando el estado del arte de los modelos de evaluación institucional, develando su significado para determinar coincidencias y divergencias especialmente en aquellos aplicados en la universidad ecuatoriana, que no han alcanzado el propósito de la calidad educativa, lo que obliga a repensar los enfoques y dimensiones que se consideran para contribuir de una manera asertiva al mejoramiento de los procesos de enseñanza y demás funciones sustantivas de la universidad.
Enfoque científico y filosófico de la aplicación de un modelo de costeo ABC como alternativa de desarrollo del sector agrícola ecuatoriano
Authors: Quiñonez Alvarado Erika Sonia
Published: May 2020

Este estudio tiene como finalidad explicar la concepción del conocimiento, filosofía y ciencias que se considera adecuada para la propuesta de aplicación de un modelo de costeo ABC como alternativa viable para el desarrollo del sector agrícola rural ecuatoriano, se recurrió a la revisión de textos de varios filósofos afines a la ideología de las ciencias contables, para conocer sus teorías, enfoques epistemológicos y metodologías para luego de su entendimiento relacionarlos con el tema planteado.  Desde el punto de vista de lo que se desea lograr con esta propuesta, se evidencia que la concepción de la investigación se dirige a la corriente positivista mientras que el desarrollo del modelo se considera debe ser demostrado en falso para evitar contingencias.  Se concluye que a partir de la investigación científica se pueden generar teorías contables que luego de ser validadas pueden ser aceptadas por la sociedad y así darle el reconocimiento a la Contabilidad como Ciencia.
La logística inversa como estrategia de diferenciación para los mercados dinámicos
Authors: Ruiz Sánchez Joselyn Estefania , González-Illescas Mayiya Lisbeth , Carmenate Fuentes Luis Pastor
Published: May 2020

Las exigencias de los mercados reflejadas en estrictas regulaciones del cuidado ambiental, sumadas a la creciente concienciación de las personas y los gobiernos ha obligado a las organizaciones a involucrase como actores principales en el cuidado ambiental mediante la aplicación de la logística inversa. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la logística inversa como estrategia de diferenciación de las empresas exportadoras para competir en mercados dinámicos, a través de la revisión de trabajos de investigación de otros autores que han estudiado específicamente la implementación de la logística inversa en las empresas. Se aplica un enfoque cualitativo mediante los métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo. Entre los resultados, se destaca que las empresas que han aplicado la logística inversa han mejorado su competitividad al reducir costos, reflejando credibilidad en el mercado por sus esfuerzos en minimizar la huella ambiental. Se concluye que la aplicación de las prácticas que abarca la logística inversa, aumenta las posibilidades de diferenciación de la competencia debido a que generan confianza y seguridad a los consumidores.
Factores que inciden en el crecimiento de las mypes de calzado
Authors: Espinoza Espinoza Alindor Fernando , Venturo Orbegoso Carlos Oswaldo , Bravo Chavez Oscar Jhonny
Published: May 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación busca analizar qué factores son los que tienen una mayor incidencia en el crecimiento de las mypes de calzado en la ciudad de Trujillo (Perú), donde el empresario es un elemento importante para crear valor a la empresa. El estudio ha considerado como referencia el marco teórico por Okpara y Wynn (2007), quienes han propuesto unas categorías para mantener un negocio exitoso, ubicados en: operativos, estratégicos, administrativos y externos. La metodología aplicada en el presente trabajo se desarrolla mediante un estudio cualitativo de desarrollo de casos, donde se delimita a doce empresas del sector calzado, que tienen siete criterios para elegir a los entrevistados.Los datos recolectados se obtendrán mediante una guía de entrevistas con sus respectivas categorías, subcategorías e indicadores respectivos para su confiabilidad. Los datos se examinaron mediante el paquete para triangular información denominado Atlas Ti versión 8. Los resultados de la presente investigación muestran la significancia de la categoría factores administrativos, donde se observa que la sub categoría administración general para el empresario, tiene un impacto fuerte en el desarrollo de las mypes de calzado, mientras que la categoría: factores estratégicos, donde la subcategoría infraestructura, no es un factor significativo para su crecimiento.
Development of a Novel Latching-Type Electromagnetic Actuator for Applications in Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Wang HaoChen , El Wahed Ali K.
Published: May 2020

Single-port laparoscopic surgery (SLS), which utilises one major incision, has become increasingly popular in the healthcare sector in recent years. However, this technique suffers from several problems particularly the inability of current SLS instruments to provide the optimum angulation that is required during SLS operations. In this paper, the development of a novel latching-type electromagnetic actuator is reported, which is aimed to enhance the function of SLS instruments. This new actuator is designed to be embedded at selected joints along SLS instruments to enable the surgeon to transform them from their straight and slender shape to an articulated posture. The developed electromagnetic actuator is comprised of electromagnetic coil elements, a solid magnetic shell, and a permanent magnet used to enhance the magnetic field interaction along the force generation path and also to provide the latching effect. In this investigation, electromagnetic finite element analyses were conducted to design and optimise the actuator’s electromagnetic circuit. In addition, the performance of the new actuator was numerically and experimentally determined when output magnetic forces and torques in excess of 9 N and 45 mNm, respectively together with an angulation of 30° were achieved under a short pulse of current supply to the magnetic circuit of the actuator.
A Cotton Module Feeder Plastic Contamination Inspection System
Authors: Pelletier Mathew G. , Holt Greg A. , Wanjura John D.
Published: May 2020

The removal of plastic contamination in cotton lint is an issue of top priority to the U.S. cotton industry. One of the main sources of plastic contamination showing up in marketable cotton bales, at the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s classing office, is plastic from the module wrap used to wrap cotton modules produced by the new John Deere round module harvesters. Despite diligent efforts by cotton ginning personnel to remove all plastic encountered during unwrapping of the seed cotton modules, plastic still finds a way into the cotton gin’s processing system. To help mitigate plastic contamination at the gin; an inspection system was developed that utilized low-cost color cameras to see plastic on the module feeder’s dispersing cylinders, that are normally hidden from view by the incoming feed of cotton modules. This technical note presents the design of an automated intelligent machine-vision guided cotton module-feeder inspection system. The system includes a machine-learning program that automatically detects plastic contamination in order to alert the cotton gin personnel as to the presence of plastic contamination on the module feeder’s dispersing cylinders. The system was tested throughout the entire 2019 cotton ginning season at two commercial cotton gins and at one gin in the 2018 ginning season. This note describes the over-all system and mechanical design and provides an over-view and coverage of key relevant issues. Included as an attachment to this technical note are all the mechanical engineering design files as well as the bill-of-materials part source list. A discussion of the observational impact the system had on reduction of plastic contamination is also addressed.
Effects of Solvent and pH on Stingless Bee Propolis in Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
Authors: Chong Fung Chun , Chua Lee Suan
Published: May 2020

Ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to extract propolis from a dark and resinous substance harvested from a beehive of Heterotrigona itama, which is commonly known as stingless bees. The propolis extracts were prepared using ethanol and water at different pH values of 3, 6, and 9. The yield of the ethanolic extract was significantly higher than the water extract, but there were no significant differences at different pH values. The ethanolic extract was found to have a lower 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than the water extract at pH values of 6 and 9. However, the acidic propolis extracts, particularly the ethanolic extract, were found to have the highest antioxidant capacity. The addition of 20% polyethylene glycol 400 in the solvent systems was unlikely to improve propolis extraction. This can be seen from the antioxidant capacity and metabolite profile of the propolis extracts. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based high throughput screening of the propolis extracts showed them to have small metabolites of hydrocarbons, esters, terpenes, and alkaloids, as well as high antioxidative 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. The detection of mangostin, mangiferin, and a few flavanones in the acidic ethanolic extract by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry LC–MS/MS proved its high antioxidant capacity compared to the water extract.