bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Capability of Detection of Extensive Air Showers by Simple Scintillator Detectors
Authors: Pryga Jerzy Seweryn , Stanek Weronika , Woźniak Krzysztof Wiesław , Homola Piotr , Almeida Cheminant Kevin , Stuglik Sławomir , Alvarez-Castillo David , Bibrzycki Łukasz , Piekarczyk Marcin , Bar Olaf , Wibig Tadeusz , Tursunov Arman , Niedźwiecki Michał , Sośnicki Tomasz , Rzecki Krzysztof
Published: August 2022

One of the main objectives of the CREDO project is to register cosmic-ray cascades in many distributed detectors in the search for so-called Cosmic-Ray Ensembles (CRE). This requires precise knowledge of the probability of detection of individual Extensive Air Showers (EAS) in a very wide range of energies and an analysis of their correlations. The standard approach based on detailed and extensive simulations is not possible for many such systems; thus, a faster method is developed. Knowing the characteristics of EAS from more general simulations, any required probability is calculated. Such probability depends on particle density at a given point, which is a function of the distance from the centre of the cascade, the energy, mass and the zenith angle of the primary cosmic-ray particle. It is necessary to use proper distribution of the number of secondary particles reaching the ground and their fluctuations. Finally, to calculate the total probability of EAS detection, the primary cosmic-ray spectrum and abundance of various particles in it have to be taken into account. The effective probability can be used to estimate the expected number of EAS events measured by a set of small detectors. In this work, results from several versions of calculations, with different complexity levels, are presented and compared with the first measurement performed with a test detector system. These results confirm that the majority of events observed with this small detector array are caused by cosmic-ray particles with very high energies. Such analysis can be also useful for the design of more effective systems in the future. Slightly larger systems of simple detectors may be used to distinguish cascades initiated by photons from those started from other primary cosmic-ray particles.
Spinor-Vector Duality and the Swampland
Authors: Faraggi Alon E.
Published: August 2022

The Swampland Program aims to address the question, “when does an effective field theory model of quantum gravity have an ultraviolet complete embedding in string theory?”, and can be regarded as a bottom-up approach for investigations of quantum gravity. An alternative top-down approach aims to explore the imprints and the constraints imposed by string-theory dualities and symmetries on the effective field theory representations of quantum gravity. The most celebrated example of this approach is mirror symmetry. Mirror symmetry was first observed in worldsheet contructions of string compactifications. It was completely unexpected from the effective field theory point of view, and its implications in that context were astounding. In terms of the moduli parameters of toroidally compactified Narain spaces, mirror symmetry can be regarded as arising from mappings of the moduli of the internal compactified space. Spinor-vector duality, which was discovered in worldsheet constructions of string vacua, is an extension of mirror symmetry that arises from mappings of the Wilson line moduli and provide a probe to constrain and explore the moduli spaces of (2, 0) string compactifications. Mirror symmetry and spinor-vector duality are mere two examples of a much wider symmetry structure, whose implications have yet to be unravelled. A mapping between supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric vacua is briefly discussed. T-duality is another important property of string theory and can be thought of as phase-space duality in compact space. I propose that manifest phase-space duality and the related equivalence postulate of quantum mechanics provide the background independent overarching principles underlying quantum gravity.
The Classification of Blazar Candidates of Uncertain Types
Authors: Fan Jun-Hui , Chen Ke-Yin , Xiao Hu-Bing , Yang Wen-Xin , Liang Jing-Chao , Chen Guo-Hai , Yang Jiang-He , Yuan Yu-Hai , Wu De-Xiang
Published: August 2022

In this work, the support vector machine (SVM) method is adopted to separate BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) and flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) in the plots of the photon spectrum index against the photon flux, αph∼logF, those of the photon spectrum index against the variability index, αph∼logVI and those of the variability index against the photon flux, logVI∼logF. Then, we used the dividing lines to distinguish BL Lacs from FSRQs in the blazar candidates of uncertain types from the Fermi/LAT catalogue. Our main conclusions are: 1. We separate BL Lacs and FSRQs by αph=−0.123logF+1.170 in the αph∼logF plot, αph=−0.161logVI+2.594 in the αph∼logVI plot and logVI=0.792logF+9.203 in the logVI∼logF plot. 2. We obtain 932 BL Lac candidates and possible BL Lac candidates, and 585 FSRQ candidates and possible FSRQ candidates. 3. Discussion is given regarding comparisons with the literature.
Experimental Infection of Brazilian Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) with Two Strains of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bosco-Lauth Angela M. , Porter Stephanie M. , Fox Karen A. , Wood Mary E. , Neubaum Daniel , Quilici Marissa
Published: August 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is presumed to have originated from wildlife and shares homology with other bat coronaviruses. Determining the susceptibility of North American bat species to SARS-CoV-2 is of utmost importance for making decisions regarding wildlife management, public health, and conservation. In this study, Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) were experimentally infected with two strains of SARS-CoV-2 (parental WA01 and Delta variant), evaluated for clinical disease, sampled for viral shedding and antibody production, and analyzed for pathology. None of the bats (n = 18) developed clinical disease associated with infection, shed infectious virus, or developed histopathological lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. All bats had low levels of viral RNA in oral swabs, six bats had low levels of viral RNA present in the lungs during acute infection, and one of the four bats that were maintained until 28 days post-infection developed a neutralizing antibody response. These findings suggest that Brazilian free-tailed bats are permissive to infection by SARS-CoV-2, but they are unlikely to contribute to environmental maintenance or transmission.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Serologic Response following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Sakuraba Atsushi , Luna Alexander , Micic Dejan
Published: August 2022

Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at greater risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and have attenuated response to vaccinations. In the present meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the serologic response to the COVID-19 vaccine in SOT recipients. A search of electronic databases was conducted to identify SOT studies that reported the serologic response to COVID-19 vaccination. We analyzed 44 observational studies including 6158 SOT recipients. Most studies were on mRNA vaccination (mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2). After a single and two doses of vaccine, serologic response rates were 8.6% (95% CI 6.8–11.0) and 34.2% (95% CI 30.1–38.7), respectively. Compared to controls, response rates were lower after a single and two doses of vaccine (OR 0.0049 [95% CI 0.0021–0.012] and 0.0057 [95% CI 0.0030–0.011], respectively). A third dose improved the rate to 65.6% (95% CI 60.4–70.2), but in a subset of patients who had not achieved a response after two doses, it remained low at 35.7% (95% CI 21.2–53.3). In summary, only a small proportion of SOT recipients achieved serologic response to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, and that even the third dose had an insufficient response. Alternative strategies for prophylaxis in SOT patients need to be developed. Key Contribution: In this meta-analysis that included 6158 solid organ transplant recipients, the serologic response to the COVID-19 vaccine was extremely low after one (8.6%) and two doses (34.2%). The third dose of the vaccine improved the rate only to 66%, and in the subset of patients who had not achieved a response after two doses, it remained low at 36%. The results of our study suggest that a significant proportion of solid organ transplant recipients are unable to achieve a sufficient serologic response after completing not only the two series of vaccination but also the third booster dose. There is an urgent need to develop strategies for prophylaxis including modified vaccine schedules or the use of monoclonal antibodies in this vulnerable patient population.
CMV and EBV Co-Infection in HIV-Infected Children: Infection Rates and Analysis of Differential Expression of Cytokines in HIV Mono- and HIV–CMV–EBV Co-Infected Groups
Authors: Nazim Fizza , Kayani Hammad Afzal , Ali Nathwani Apsara , Mir Fatima , Abidi Syed Hani
Published: August 2022

(1) Background: CMV and EBV co-infections can affect the HIV disease progression by modulating the immune system. The disease dynamics can differ in HIV-positive adults and children. In Pakistan, HIV is rapidly expanding, especially in children; however, the prevalence of CMV and EBV co-infection and the effect on immune modulation in HIV-positive children are not known. This study aimed to bridge this gap by estimating the rate of active CMV and EBV co-infection in HIV-positive children, followed by the analysis of differential expression of cytokines in HIV mono- and HIV/CMV/EBV co-infected children. (2) Methods: DNA samples from 319 HIV-positive children, previously recruited as part of a study to investigate the HIV outbreak in Larkana, Pakistan, in 2019, were screened for CMV and EBV through qPCR. Subsequently, differences in HIV viral loads and CD4 counts were analyzed between the HIV mono- and HIV/CMV/EBV co-infected groups. The RNA samples were used to determine the differential expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the mono- and co-infected groups using RT-qPCR, while unpaired T-test and Pearson correlation test were applied to, respectively, analyze the differential cytokine expression and correlation between cytokine in the two groups. (3) Results: Of 319 samples, the rate of active EBV and CMV co-infection in HIV-positive children was observed in 79.9% and 38.9%, respectively. A significant difference was observed in HIV viral load between HIV mono- and co-infected groups. IFN-γ expression was found to be lower in the HIV mono-infected group, while higher in all other three co-infected groups. Meanwhile, mRNA expression of TGF-β1 was found to be lower in HIV mono- and HIV–CMV–EBV co-infected groups, while higher in HIV–CMV and HIV–EBV co-infected groups. IFN-γ and IL-2 exhibited a significant positive correlation in all except HIV–CMV co-infected group. (4) Conclusions: The study suggests that the presence of EBV/CMV co-infection can affect the HIV viral loads and expression of certain cytokines (IFN-γ and TGF-β1), which may affect the HIV disease dynamics in infected children.
Complete Genome Analysis and Animal Model Development of Fowl Adenovirus 8b
Authors: Liu Aijing , Zhang Yu , Wang Jing , Cui Hongyu , Qi Xiaole , Liu Changjun , Zhang Yanping , Li Kai , Gao Li , Wang Xiaomei , Gao Yulong , Pan Qing
Published: August 2022

Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), hydropericardium syndrome, and gizzard erosion associated with fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infection have caused notable economic losses worldwide. In 2020, severe IBH was observed in a layer chicken farm in Hebei Province, China. Liver samples were collected from layer chickens with severe IBH and virus isolation was performed in LMH cells. DNA sequence and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationship and the pathogenicity assay was conducted in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. HeB20 strain was isolated and identified as FAdV-8b, and the complete genome was successfully sequenced (GenBank No. OK188966). Although widespread recombination in clinical strains has been reported within FAdVs, HeB20 showed some novel characteristics, and did not show any recombination, highlighting that recombinant and non-recombinant FAdV-8b coexist in the clinic poultry industry. Finally, pathogenicity animal model of HeB20 was developed and showed severe IBH and 10% mortality. Collectively, a new FAdV-8b strain (HeB20) was isolated and responsible for the severe IBH in layer chickens. Complete genome of HeB20 was sequenced and valuable for future epidemiological investigations. HeB20 was capable of inducing severe IBH and 10% mortality in SPF chickens; this animal model provides a powerful tool for the future vaccine development.
Induction of Systemic Resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus in Tomato through Foliar Application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain TBorg1 Culture Filtrate
Authors: Abdelkhalek Ahmed , Aseel Dalia G. , Király Lóránt , Künstler András , Moawad Hassan , Al-Askar Abdulaziz A.
Published: August 2022

The application of microbe-derived products as natural biocontrol agents to boost systemic disease resistance to virus infections in plants is a prospective strategy to make agriculture more sustainable and environmentally friendly. In the current study, the rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain TBorg1 was identified based on 16S rRNA, rpoB, and gyrA gene sequences, and evaluated for its efficiency in conferring protection of tomato from infection by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Under greenhouse circumstances, foliar sprays of TBorg1 culture filtrate (TBorg1-CF) promoted tomato growth, lowered disease severity, and significantly decreased TMV accumulation in systemically infected leaves of treated plants relative to untreated controls. TMV accumulation was reduced by 90% following the dual treatment, applied 24 h before and after TMV infection. Significant increases in levels of total soluble carbohydrates, proteins, and ascorbic acid were also found. In addition, a significant rise in activities of enzymes capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species (PPO and POX), as well as decreased levels of non-enzymatic oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and MDA) were observed, compared to untreated plants. Enhanced systemic resistance to TMV was indicated by significantly increased transcript accumulation of polyphenolic pathway (C4H, HCT, and CHI) and pathogenesis-related (PR-1 and PR-5) genes. Out of the 15 compounds identified in the GC-MS analysis, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester and phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), as well as L-proline, N-valeryl-, and heptadecyl ester were present in the highest concentrations in the ethyl acetate extract of TBorg1-CF. In addition, significant amounts of n-hexadecanoic acid, pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-, nonane, 5-butyl-, and eicosane were also detected. These compounds may act as inducers of systemic resistance to viral infection. Our findings indicate that the newly isolated B. amyloliquefaciens strain TBorg1 could be a potentially useful rhizobacterium for promoting plant growth and a possible source of biocontrol agents for combating plant virus infections.
HIV but Not CMV Replication Alters the Blood Cytokine Network during Early HIV Infection in Men
Authors: Vanpouille Christophe , Wells Alan , Dan Jennifer M. , Rawlings Stephen A. , Little Susan , Fitzgerald Wendy , Margolis Leonid , Gianella Sara
Published: August 2022

Objective: CMV coinfection contributes to sustained immune activation in people with chronic HIV. In particular, asymptomatic CMV shedding in semen has been associated with increased local and systemic immune activation, even during suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the effect of seminal CMV shedding in people with HIV in the earliest phase of HIV infection is not known. Methods: Using Luminex, we measured the concentration of 34 cytokines in the blood plasma of sixty-nine men who had sex with men with or without HIV and in subgroups of CMV shedders vs. non-shedders. Differences in blood plasma cytokines between groups were investigated using the multivariate supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis method. Results: Independently of CMV, we found that concentrations of IP-10, MIG, MCP-1, I-TAC 10, IL-16, and MIP-1β were modulated in the earliest phase of HIV infection compared with control individuals without HIV. In people with HIV, there was no difference in blood cytokines among CMV shedders vs. non-shedders. Conclusion: In early/acute HIV infection, asymptomatic CMV shedding in semen does not drive additional cytokine changes in blood. Early ART initiation should remain the priority, while the added benefit of CMV suppression during the various stages of HIV infection needs to be further investigated.
Anti-Spike and Neutralizing Antibodies after Two Doses of COVID-19 Sinopharm/BIBP Vaccine
Authors: Omran Eman , El Naggar Roaa , Ezz Elarab Logina , Hashish Mona , El-Barrawy Mohammed , Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Fekry Marwa
Published: August 2022

Host response to COVID-19 vaccines is partially evaluated through the estimation of antibody response, specifically the binding anti-spike (anti-S) and the neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine-induced humoral response affects decisions on the choice of vaccine type, vaccine acceptance, and the need for boosting. Identification of risk factors for poor antibody response helps to stratify individuals who might potentially require booster doses. The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the antibody response after receiving two Sinopharm vaccine doses. Factors affecting antibody response were additionally studied. Moreover, a predictive cutoff for anti-S was generated to predict positivity of nAbs. Blood samples were collected from 92 adults and relevant data were recorded. Antibody levels (anti-S and nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 were tested one month following the second dose of Sinopharm vaccine using two commercial ELISA tests. Among the 92 participants, 88 tested positive for anti-S (95.7%), with a median level of 52.15 RU/mL (equivalent to 166.88 BAU/mL). Fewer participants (67.4%) were positive for nAbs, with a median percentage of inhibition (%IH) of 50.62% (24.05–84.36). A significant positive correlation existed between the titers of both antibodies (correlation coefficient = 0.875, p < 0.001). When the anti-S titer was greater than 40 RU/mL (128 BAU/mL), nAbs were also positive with a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 90%. Positive nAbs results were associated with a higher anti-S titers (62.1 RU/mL) compared to negative nAbs (mean anti-S titer of 18.6 RU/mL). History of COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with higher titers of anti-S (p = 0.043) and higher IH% of nAbs (p = 0.048). Hypertensive participants were found to have significantly higher median titers of anti-S (101.18 RU/mL) compared with non-hypertensive ones (42.15 RU/mL), p = 0.034. Post-vaccination headache was significantly higher among those with higher anti-S than those with relatively lower titers (98.82 versus 43.69 RU/mL, p = 0.048). It can be concluded that the Sinopharm vaccine produced high levels of binding antibodies but with low neutralizing abilities. Also, levels of anti-S titer greater than 40 RU/mL could adequately predict positivity of nAbs without need for their testing.
Correction: Zhang et al. Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Single-Chain Fragment Variables Play a Protective Anti-Inflammatory Role In Vitro and In Vivo. Vaccines 2021, 9, 1300
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ye Xin , Zhang Yan , Wang Fengqing , Zhang Fanqing , Jia Yan , Wu Dangjin , Tohti Kalbinur , Cheng Manling , Zhu Jianguo
Published: August 2022

In the original publication [...]
Time-Varying Effect of Hybrid Immunity on the Risk of Breakthrough Infection after Booster Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine: The MOSAICO Study
Authors: Ferrara Pietro , Ponticelli Domenico , Magliuolo Roberto , Borrelli Mario , Schiavone Beniamino , Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni
Published: August 2022

This longitudinal observational study investigated the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection up to 6 months after a booster dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in infection-naïve vs. previously infected healthcare workers (HCWs), and whether this difference varied over time. A Cox proportional hazard regression model with Aalen’s additive analysis was fitted to examine the association between the risk of infections and predictor variables. Overall, we observed an incidence rate of 2.5 cases per 1000 person-days (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0–3.0), which dropped at 0.8 per 1000 person-days (95% CI 0.3–2.0) in recipients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The fitted analysis indicated an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.32 (95% CI 0.13–0.80; p-value = 0.01) for those with hybrid immunity with a slope that became steeply negative roughly starting from day 90. No difference was seen according to participants’ smoking habits. Characteristics of infected HCWs were also described. Our study quantifies the time-varying effects of vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity after the booster dose (during the Omicron variant predominance in Italy) and observed that the protection waned more rapidly in infection-naïve recipients starting from the third month. The results add important evidence that can be used to inform COVID-19 vaccination strategies.
Global Prevalence and Potential Influencing Factors of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fajar Jonny Karunia , Sallam Malik , Soegiarto Gatot , Sugiri Yani Jane , Anshory Muhammad , Wulandari Laksmi , Kosasih Stephanie Astrid Puspitasari , Ilmawan Muhammad , Kusnaeni Kusnaeni , Fikri Muhammad , Putri Frilianty , Hamdi Baitul , Pranatasari Izza Dinalhaque , Aina Lily , Maghfiroh Lailatul , Ikhriandanti Fernanda Septi , Endiaverni Wa Ode , Nugraha Krisna Wahyu , Wiranudirja Ory , Edinov Sally , Hamdani Ujang , Rosyidah Lathifatul , Lubaba Hanny , Ariwibowo Rinto , Andistyani Riska , Fitriani Ria , Hasanah Miftahul , Nafis Fardha Ad Durrun , Tamara Fredo , Latamu Fitri Olga , Kusuma Hendrix Indra , Rabaan Ali A. , Alhumaid Saad , Mutair Abbas Al , Garout Mohammed , Halwani Muhammad A. , Alfaresi Mubarak , Al Azmi Reyouf , Alasiri Nada A. , Alshukairi Abeer N. , Dhama Kuldeep , Harapan Harapan
Published: August 2022

Countries worldwide have deployed mass COVID-19 vaccination drives, but there are people who are hesitant to receive the vaccine. Studies assessing the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy are inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and determine the potential factors associated with such hesitancy. We performed an organized search for relevant articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Extraction of the required information was performed for each study. A single-arm meta-analysis was performed to determine the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy; the potential factors related to vaccine hesitancy were analyzed using a Z-test. A total of 56 articles were included in our analysis. We found that the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy was 25%. Being a woman, being a 50-year-old or younger, being single, being unemployed, living in a household with five or more individuals, having an educational attainment lower than an undergraduate degree, having a non-healthcare-related job and considering COVID-19 vaccines to be unsafe were associated with a higher risk of vaccination hesitancy. In contrast, living with children at home, maintaining physical distancing norms, having ever tested for COVID-19, and having a history of influenza vaccination in the past few years were associated with a lower risk of hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccination. Our study provides valuable information on COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, and we recommend special interventions in the sub-populations with increased risk to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
Molecular Characterization of ASFV and Differential Diagnosis of Erysipelothrix in ASFV-Infected Pigs in Pig Production Regions in Cameroon
Authors: Ebwanga Ebanja Joseph , Ghogomu Stephen Mbigha , Paeshuyse Jan
Published: August 2022

African swine fever and swine erysipelas are two devastating diseases with similar manifestations ravaging the domestic pig industry. Only a single phylogenetic study has been carried out in Cameroon, and neither an extensive genotyping aimed at identifying the different serotypes nor has an appropriate differential diagnosis of different species of Erysipelothrix has been effected in ASF-infected animals. Of the 377 blood or tissue samples randomly collected from pig farms and slaughter slabs from January to August 2020, 120 were positive for ASFV (by PCR), giving a prevalence of 31.83%. Intragenomic resolution through sequencing divulged the presence of genotypes I, and Ia, two variants with 19 (ABNAAAACBNABTDBNAFA) and six (ABNAFA) tandem repeat sequences (TRS), serotype IV, and a single GGAATATATA repeat. The sole presence of E. tonsillarum (avirulent species) and not E. rhusiopathiae (virulent species) indicates that the severity observed during the 2020 ASF outbreak in the sampled regions was exclusively due to ASFV genotype I infection. Such characterisations are necessary for designing effective control measures and future potential vaccine candidates.
The Myers–Briggs Personality Types of Veterinary Students and Their Animal Ethical Profiles in Comparison to Criminal Justice Students in Slovenia
Authors: Kubale Valentina , Lobnikar Branko , Dvojmoč Miha
Published: August 2022

Personality types are related to trustworthy, reliable, and competent communication, especially when dealing with clients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Myers–Briggs (MBTI) indicator could be used to detect differences in the personality preferences of students at the Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana (VS) compared to students at the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor (CJS). Our aim was to profile the two cohorts of students in Slovenia, to compare profiles of students from the social and natural sciences with similar personality traits, and to compare them with published results. CJS are considered well-established, well-studied, non-science ombudsman profiles of students in Slovenia for whom care and safety will play important roles in their future work, similar to VS. Views of people’s duties to animals and the implications for animal care, safety, and welfare are also very important, especially for VS. For this reason, we tested the ethical viewpoints of the two cohorts of students using an interactive web-based program. Our results show that both VS and CJS had different MBTI types, with ISTJ (Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging) preferences predominating, followed by INFJ (Introverted, Intuitive, Feeling, and Judging) in VS and ESTJ (Extraverted, Observant, Thinking, and Judging) in CJS. Between the two cohorts, the ratio between ISFJ and INFJ was statistically different. In the animal ethics study, the utilitarian viewpoint was most prevalent and statistically higher in VS compared to CJS, where the animal rights perspective was most prevalent. Compared to previous profile studies, some differences were found that could be related to the COVID-19 pandemic and/or the different generations of students. Overall, this study highlights the importance of personality traits for better communication, work, and animal research in veterinary science as well as criminal justice.
Spatial Heterogeneity of CDOM, Optical Brighteners, and Oils in Mesohaline Tidal Creeks Using Self-Organizing Maps
Authors: Muller Andrew C. , Muller Diana Lynn
Published: August 2022

Shallow tidal creek systems or triblets are often overlooked when documenting and measuring the spatial extent of pollutants of emerging concern despite much of the population living in and around these areas. An innovative in situ fluorometric instrument coupled with a Self-Organi21zing Map was utilized in Chesapeake Bay’s mesohaline tidal creek system to analyze CDOM, dissolved oxygen, optical brighteners, and oils. The in situ fluorometer proved helpful as a rapid reconnaissance tool complementing the investigation when attached to a CTD instrument. This baseline research showed that CDOM follows non-conservative properties in spring and more conservative behavior in the fall. The results show that the Self-Organizing Map method is a suitable alternative to traditional statistical techniques and may be better at finding key patterns that might otherwise have been obscured by high variability. For example, oils revealed a pattern with residual runoff from highways or boating, while optical brighteners displayed a pattern consistent with septic systems. Optical brighteners also revealed lag effects after the passing of heavy rainfall and were consistent with the lab effect of turbidity. The study also reveals that CDOM is the dominant control on light penetration, one of the limiting factors on underwater grass growth. The results also suggest that CDOM should not be overlooked when measuring the effects of restoration in these systems and should be implemented in regular monitoring and TMDLs.
Defining a Precipitation Stable Isotope Framework in the Wider Carpathian Region
Authors: Nagavciuc Viorica , Perșoiu Aurel , Bădăluță Carmen-Andreea , Bogdevich Oleg , Bănică Sorin , Bîrsan Marius-Victor , Boengiu Sandu , Onaca Alexandru , Ionita Monica
Published: August 2022

The eastern part of Europe is very poorly represented in the Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) database, mainly because the monitoring of the stable isotopes in precipitation started only recently compared with other regions. In this respect, the main objective of this article is to fill the gap in the GNIP database over the eastern part of Europe and show the temporal variability and potential drivers of an extended network of δ18O values in precipitation collected from 27 locations in Romania and the Republic of Moldova. We also present the first high-resolution map of the spatio-temporal distribution of δ18O values in precipitation in Romania and the Republic of Moldova, according to an observational dataset. According to our results, the stations from western and northern Romania tend to have LMWLS with higher values than those from southwestern Romania. The monthly variation of the δ18O and δ2H showed a clearly interannual variation, with distinct seasonal differences, following the seasonal temperatures. The analysis of the spatial distribution of stable isotopes in precipitation water was made on the basis of both observational data and modeled data. This allowed us to study the origin of the air moisture and the interaction with regional and local patterns and to analyze the link between the spatial δ18O variations and the large-scale circulation patterns on a seasonal scale.
Long-Term Monitoring and Research in Forest Hydrology: Towards Integrated Watershed Management
Authors: Kuraji Koichiro
Published: August 2022

Forest hydrology, as a discipline, was designed to address fundamental questions regarding the impact of deforestation on floods and droughts [...]
Relative Energy Variation Characteristics Considering Interaction between Waves and Vegetation Structure
Authors: Shih Ruey-Syan , Li Chi-Yu , Weng Wen-Kai , Lin Chih-Hung
Published: August 2022

Although viscous sediment environments along the coast strongly attenuate waves, the attenuation dynamics and physical mechanism governing the attenuation process remain relatively unknown. Extremely complex interactions between muddy seabed have become increasingly important for wave evolution studies pertaining to coastal areas. The coastal protection function of mangroves was confirmed during the 2004 South Asian tsunami. Nevertheless, most research has been limited to macro-qualitative analyses, including those on variations in the transmission coefficient Kt and reflection coefficient Kr, and subsequent comparisons. However, determining the micro-physical characteristics is challenging, similar to coastal vegetation analyses with respect to mangrove vegetation characteristics. This study aims to quantify the attenuation difference in the wave energy owing to the coastal vegetation structure, under different layout conditions and combinations. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology is used to explore the variations in the velocity field and velocity distribution during the interaction process and calculate the wave-induced kinetic energy before and after setting up the vegetation structure. The research results emphasize that the resistance and frictional effects generated by vegetation are inversely proportional to the size of the stem, and the variation of kinetic energy determined from the velocity distribution and the thickness of the vegetation stem is mainly due to the larger frictional resistance of dense vegetation, relative to the fast flow velocity above the vegetation. Different vegetation heights slightly affect the short-period waves; however, the impact on energy reduction was smaller. For long-period waves, vegetation height significantly reduces wave kinetic energy.
Effect of Mo.S.E. Closures on Wind Waves in the Venetian Lagoon: In Situ and Numerical Analyses
Authors: Favaretto Chiara , Manfè Giorgia , Volpato Matteo , Scarpa Gian Marco
Published: August 2022

In the Venetian lagoon, the storm surge barriers (Mo.S.E. system) are crucial to prevent urban flooding during extreme stormy events. The inlet closures have some cascading effects on the hydrodynamics and sediment transports of this shallow tidal environment. The present study aims at investigating the effects of the Mo.S.E. closure on the wind-wave propagation inside the lagoon. In situ wave data were collected to establish a unique dataset of measurements recorded in front of San Marco square between July 2020 and December 2021, i.e., partially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ten storm events were analyzed in terms of significant wave heights and simultaneous wind characteristics. This dataset allowed for validating a spectral wave model (SWAN) applied to the whole lagoon. The results show that the floodgate closures, which induce an artificial reduction of water levels, influence significant wave heights HS, which decrease on average by 22% compared to non-regulated conditions, but in the shallower areas (for example tidal flats and salt marshes), the predicted decrease is on average 48%. Consequently, the analysis suggests that the Mo.S.E. closures are expected to induce modifications in the wave overtopping, wave loads and lagoon morphodynamics.
Dramatic Change in the Kinneret Phytoplankton Community Structure—Peridinium Out, Cyanobacteria in (POCI): Perennial or Disposable
Authors: Gophen Moshe
Published: August 2022

A comprehensive compilation of long-term data records about the dynamics of nutrient migration and availability in the Kinneret epilimnion was statistically evaluated. A replacement of Peridinium spp. domination by cyanobacteria in Lake Kinneret (Israel) was documented. Nitrogen outsourcing is a significant factor within the Kinneret ecosystem structure. Part of the Kinneret watershed, the Hula Valley, which was covered by a shallow lake and swampy wetlands was drained. The result was the conversion of the nitrogen supply, as ammonium and organic forms, into nitrate. Nevertheless, nutrients supplied from aquaculture (fish ponds) and raw sewage partly compensated for the ammonium deficiency. After sewage removal and fish pond restrictions (the early 1990s), the majority of nitrogen migration became nitrate, dependent on climate conditions (rainfall, river discharges). The preference for ammonium by the bloom-forming Peridinium spp. caused a reduction in the efficiency of nitrogen utilization and cyanobacteria replaced phytoplankton for domination.
Accounting and analysis of the effectiveness of the lease
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow state University named after M.V. Lomonosov”, Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Novikov V.A. , Novikova N.E. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation”, Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2022

The issues arising in the economy of an economic entity under the conditions of sanctions imposed by foreign states following the coronavirus epidemic are considered. The possibilities of maintaining business in the conditions of severing ties with suppliers of components, reducing the usual sources of financing of planned activities are analyzed. Such a way of overcoming financial difficulties at the first steps of the activity and during its serious reorganization as the lease of fixed assets is characterized. The issues of classification of lease types, the order of its accounting and presentation in accounting (financial) statements in connection with the release of new accounting standards are investigated. The introduced standards are aimed at a clearer approach to the assessment and presentation of lease information from the participating parties, which creates an opportunity for reporting users to more accurately assess the financial condition of business partners and prospects for its strengthening.
Features of determining the average number of employees by medical organizations
Authors:   Institute of Law and Management, Moscow City University. Moscow, O.V. Shinkareva O.V. Shinkareva , E.V. Danilevskaya E.V. Danilevskaya ,   Moscow City University of Management of the Government of Moscow named after Yu.M. Luzhkov. Moscow
Published: August 2022

Quite often, companies and individual entrepreneurs engaged in medical activities face the need to calculate the average number of employees. The correct calculation of this indicator is especially important for organizations and entrepreneurs applying a simplified or patent taxation system, in which one of the conditions for applying the regime is not exceeding the average number of employees of a certain limit. This indicator will be very important in the event of a transition of medical organizations or individual entrepreneurs to an automated simplified taxation system. Organizations on the general taxation system are also obliged to calculate the average number of employees for certain types of reporting. The article considers the indicators that make up the average number of employees. The peculiarities of calculating the average number of employees of the organization, the average number of external part-time employees and the average number of employees who performed work under civil law contracts were analyzed. Practical examples of calculation of the average number of employees and its individual indicators are given.
The influence of color and the plot of the picture on a person
Authors:   photographer, Moscow, Tolstikov Philipp
Published: August 2022

Every day a person is surrounded by thousands of shades of color, causing a certain mood and special emotions. Photographer Philip Tolstikov will analyze the influence of color and the plot of the picture on a person.
The liar`s paradox — a wild interation. Zong-fantasy by Filet: The through aporia of the liar`s paradox
Authors:   New institute of cultural studies (Moscow), Menshikova E.R.
Published: August 2022

There are more and more precedents with offended infants of 30–40 years old — they are not emotionally abstinent, because they are in an artificial coma of infantilism, in which 'desire' has replaced 'sacrifice', and are clearly hypocritical, which is why the Holiday of Disobedience, hanging around the planet with a blinking garland of conflicts and wars, creates a turbulent zone in which the bifurcation points are taken out — beyond the orbit of common understanding, turning Consciousness into the quietest Sphinx, producing hypotheses.
Cultural experiences with narratives
Authors:   independent researcher (Armenia), Virapyan Ed.G.,
Published: August 2022

Hegel (philosophy of Freemasonry). VELIMIR KHLEBNIKOV (to a stranger in 2022). JERZY KAWALEROVICH (farewell to Poland). PATRIK SUSKIND (German insomnia, farce). SAADI (Nasreddin's smile). Thor Heyerdahl (Easter Island cryptography). SIGN FROM CONSTANTINOPOLE (without statute of limitations). PERFECT FORNICATION.
Evaluation of the combined effects of Turkish mad honey and 5-Fluorouracil in colon cancer model in rats
Authors: KURTDEDE Efe , ALÇIĞIR Mehmet Eray , ALPEREN Ahmet Mahmut , BARAN Berk , KARACA Oğuz Kaan , GÜLENDAĞ Erman
Published: August 2022

It was aimed to evaluate the regressive effect of grayanotoxin-rich Turkish mad honey and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), separately and together by using the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced colon cancer modelling in rats. Study groups were designed as control group (CG), cancer control group (CCG), 5-Flourouracil group (FUG), Turkish mad honey group (HG), Turkish mad honey and 5-FU combined group (FU-HG). White blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total oxidant status (TOS), and total protein values of the rats in the CCG were significantly lower than the values of the rats in the CG, whereas serum Bcl-2 and survivin levels were significantly higher in the rates belonged to the CCG in comparison to those in the CG. The presence of anaplastic epithelial cells, vascularization, precancerous changes, and inflammatory infiltration detected in the colon and small intestine of the rats in FU-HG, FUG, HG were less intense (P<0.05) compared to the findings in the rats in CCG. In conclusion, mad honey and 5-FU reduced anaplastic cell growth and oxidative stress via suppressed anti-apoptotic activity. Considering the histopathological findings in the liver and kidney, no toxicity occurred related to mad honey and 5-FU metabolization. Therefore, the combined use of these two substances may be an alternative method in the treatment of colon cancer.
La tipificación del feminicidio como una representación del populismo penal – Lima, 2021
Authors: Suarez Cruz Janeth , Rodríguez Ludeña Manuel Francisco
Published: August 2022

A través de los medios de comunicación se observa cómo las mujeres son violentadas por su cónyuge, pareja, enamorado o con quienes tengan algún tipo de relación. El objetivo del artículo fue describir cómo el derecho a la vida es vulnerado, pasando a ser un simple acto el quitar la vida a una persona (mujer). El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante el análisis de la información bajo un diseño descriptivo sistemático de enfoque cualitativo. También, se empleó el procedimiento inductivo y de abducción analítica desde las fuentes evidenciadas bajo el método experiencial y naturalista confinado en la realidad problemática corroborado con una interpretación de datos normativos ínsitos. Se concluye que el feminicidio es un problema de índole social y de seguridad pública, donde el derecho penal es el eslabón de última ratio, teniendo como soporte el derogar el artículo 108-B del Código Penal.
RESISTENCIA A COMPRESIÓN SIMPLE DEL CONCRETO CON YESO Y RESIDUOS DE CONCHAS DE ABANICO
Authors:   Departamento de Ingeniería, Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Nacional de Barranca, Barranca, Perú., De La Cruz Vega Sleyther A. , La Borda Dueñas Tovar Leo A. ,   Departamento de Ingeniería, Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Nacional de Barranca, Barranca, Perú., Mendoza Flores Cristian M. ,   Departamento Académico de Física, Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión, Huacho, Perú, Garrido Oyola José A. ,   Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión, Huacho, Perú
Published: August 2022

Los residuos de conchas de abanico son desechados en rellenos sanitarios sin previo tratamiento, contaminando grandes áreas del desierto costero peruano. Este trabajo busca analizar la resistencia a la compresión simple del concreto elaborado con yeso y residuos de conchas de abanico. El proceso de tratamiento de los residuos se realiza mediante la conversión de carbonato de calcio en óxido de calcio por medio de un proceso de calcinación. Los resultados del análisis térmico diferencial de la presente investigación, demostraron que la temperatura adecuada de calcinación es 890°C. La composición del yeso fue de 64.11 % de calcio y 33.81% azufre. La composición de la concha de abanico calcinada fue de 99.43% de calcio y 0.49 % de estroncio. Los resultados mostraron que la resistencia a la compresión del concreto experimental es 222 kg/cm2 frente a la resistencia patrón igual a 228 kg/cm2.
Disciplinas experimentais: desafios enfrentados por professores e alunos do curso de licenciatura no Instituto Federal de educação, ciência e tecnologia do Piauí
Authors: Nunes Francisca Welda Silva , Lima Aylla Santos , Pereira Neto Francisco de Assis
Published: August 2022

A química é a ciências que estuda as transformações que envolvem a matéria e energia, tendo como base a realização de práticas experimentais dos conceitos que são abordados em sala de aula. Com a pandemia do COVID-19, a educação tomou novos rumos em direção às tecnologias, devido a necessidade de se continuar com as aulas mesmo em períodos extremos, didáticas educacionais envolvendo o uso das tecnologias tiveram que ser adaptadas tanto ao educador quanto ao educando, fazendo com que ambos aderissem ao ensino remoto. Nas aulas de práticas experimentais de química, a realização dos experimentos químicos se deu através das aulas remotas, o que causou um efeito de espanto nos professores e alunos, que tiveram que adaptar essas atividades dos conteúdos impostos e necessários a grade curricular do curso de química ao mundo virtual, dessa forma inúmeras desafios surgiram durante esse processo. Portanto esse artigo abordará por meio da verificação das análises de dados de um questionário voltado para professores e alunos os principais desafios enfrentados nas aulas práticas de química durante esse período de pandemia fazendo uma comparação com as aulas práticas presenciais, concluindo que houve vantagens e desvantagens neste processo.