bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Not so risky business? How social policies shape the perceived feasibility of self-employment
Authors: Rapp Carolin , Shore Jennifer , Tosun Jale
Published: December 2017

This article addresses ongoing debates about whether the welfare state hinders or fosters self-employment. Starting a business can be an inherently risky undertaking and is thus not a feasible option for all people. Policies that have the potential to shoulder some of this risk can be particularly important for the decision to enter into self-employment. Taking individual differences in terms of risk tolerance into account, we focus on unemployment protection for the self-employed – a type of risk which is particularly difficult to privately insure oneself against – in order to investigate the ways in which policy can shape people’s perceptions of self-employment. We combine individual-level data from a 2009 Flash Eurobarometer survey with country-level data on unemployment policies in Europe in a multilevel design, finding that the presence of unemployment protection for the self-employed positively influences individual perceptions of the feasibility of self-employment. Risk-tolerant individuals, moreover, are found to be even more likely to assess self-employment as a feasible option in countries that offer unemployment protection to the self-employed.
Policy instruments and welfare state reform
Authors: Jensen Carsten , Arndt Christoph , Lee Seonghui , Wenzelburger Georg
Published: December 2017

A core, but so far untested, proposition of the new politics perspective, originally introduced by Paul Pierson, is that welfare state cutbacks will be implemented using so-called ‘invisible’ policy instruments, for example, a change in indexation rules. Expansion should, by implication, mainly happen using ‘visible’ policy instruments, for example, a change in nominal benefits. We have coded 1030 legislative reforms of old-age pensions and unemployment protection in Britain, Denmark, Finland and Germany from 1974 to 2014. With this unique data at hand, we find substantial support for this crucial new politics proposition.
The ‘Great Recession’ and low pay in Europe
Authors: Vacas-Soriano Carlos
Published: December 2017

This article contributes to the literature on low-paid work by analysing the shares of low-paid employment in the period 2006–2014 and the underlying causes. I use an inflation-adjusted low-pay threshold anchored at 60 percent of median wages to assess the impact of the Great Recession, which increased the share of low-paid employees in two-thirds of European countries and in the EU as a whole. This was driven by a general decline in real wages, which was particularly intense in European periphery countries and at the bottom of the wage distribution as well as among employees with shorter tenure. However, compositional effects either prevented a larger expansion of low-pay shares by masking the real extent of the wage correction or were generally negligible in driving low-pay shares. Moreover, growing part-time employment emerges as a significant source of low-paid work from the onset of the crisis.
Breaching of Mustang Island in response to the 8.2 ka sea-level event and impact on Corpus Christi Bay, Gulf of Mexico: Implications for future coastal change
Authors: Ferguson Shannon , Warny Sophie , Anderson John B , Simms Alexander R , White Crawford
Published: December 2017

The results from an investigation of the coupled Mustang Island–Corpus Christi Bay complex, Gulf of Mexico, shows that the island was eliminated as an effective salinity barrier between 8.86 and 8.17 ka. This event is recorded by a 5-fold increase in dinoflagellate cysts within Corpus Christi Bay. During this time, the bay-head delta shifted 15 km landward and oyster reefs within the bay died off. Our age model indicates that this event most likely resulted from the most rapid period of eustatic rise of the Holocene, which peaked at 8.18–8.31 ka. This event is attributed to late-stage ice sheet disintegration, particularly in North America, by the rapid draining of Lake Agassiz–Ojibway. Local glacial-isostatic factors resulted in a sea-level rise of only 0.2–0.56 m in the western Gulf of Mexico, which was less than needed to submerge the barrier. Rather, it was the marked nature of this sea-level rise that led to the virtual destruction of Mustang Island as an effective salinity barrier. These results provide an analog for predicting coastal morphodynamic response to accelerated sea-level rise and emphasize the need for better understanding of barrier response to sea-level rise and developing improved numerical models for predicting future changes to coastal barrier shorelines.
Reasons for cesarean and medically indicated deliveries in pregnancies in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Eudy A M , Jayasundara M , Haroun T , Neil L , James A H , Clowse M E B
Published: December 2017

Objective

To determine reasons for cesarean and medically indicated deliveries in a registry of pregnant women with SLE compared to RA.

Methods

Pregnant women with SLE or RA were prospectively followed, and pregnancy outcomes were collected, including whether labor was spontaneous or medically indicated and delivery was vaginal or cesarean. Preterm birth was defined as a birth <37 weeks gestation. Differences in reasons for cesarean delivery and indication of delivery between term and preterm births were determined by Fisher’s exact test.

Results

Compared to RA pregnancies, SLE pregnancies had modestly higher rates of preterm birth (24% SLE vs 14% RA), pre-eclampsia (15% SLE vs 7% RA), and cesarean delivery (48% SLE vs 30% RA). The majority of preterm births among women with SLE were indicated (70%), most commonly for pre-eclampsia or the health of the infant or mother. The majority of preterm births among women with RA, however, were spontaneous, primarily due to premature rupture of membranes.

Conclusion

Pre-eclampsia and maternal SLE activity appear to be the key drivers for the high rate of preterm birth and medically indicated delivery in SLE. This contrasts with RA, where preterm labor is most often due to spontaneous onset of labor.
The gender time gap: Time use among self-employed women and men compared to paid employees in Sweden
Authors: Hagqvist Emma , Toivanen Susanna , Vinberg Stig
Published: December 2017

In this article, the authors set out to study the time use of men and women in Sweden, comparing self-employed and employed individuals. Previous studies indicate that there are reasons to believe that both gendered time use and mechanisms related to time use might differ between the self-employed and employees. Employing time use data, the aim was to study whether there are differences in gendered time use between self-employed individuals and employees in Sweden, and furthermore, which mechanism relates to gendered time use among self-employed individuals and employees. The results show that self-employed men and women distribute their time in a more gender-traditional manner than employees. In addition, relative resources are found to be an important factor related to gendered time use among the self-employed. For employees, gender relations tend to be a mechanism related to gendered time use. The conclusion is that working conditions are important for gendered time use and should be considered in future studies.
The Zimbardo time perspective inventory: Time for a new strategy, not more new shortened versions
Authors: Temple Elizabeth , Perry John L , Worrell Frank C , Zivkovic Urška , Mello Zena R , Musil Bojan , Cole Jon C , McKay Michael T
Published: December 2017

Researchers continue to attempt to resolve the psychometric problems associated with the five-factor Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory through the development of shortened forms of the scale. These atheoretical efforts have been data driven and have resulted in scales whose reliability and validity have not been subsequently supported. The purpose of this paper was to explore the factorial validity and reliability of new short scales on samples independent from which they were developed. We used data from five different samples in four different countries (Australia, Britain, Slovenia, and the United States) to examine the psychometric validity and reliability of three recently developed scales, the ZTPI-20, ZTPI-17, and ZTPI-15. Results regarding validity were equivocal for all scales and reliability coefficients were suboptimal in all samples. We conclude by stressing the necessity for a theoretically driven approach to enhancing the psychometric assessment of time perspective rather than simply sacrificing reliability or discriminant validity for improved model fit in a shorter scale.
The choice of methods in determining the optimal cut-off value for quantitative diagnostic test evaluation
Authors: Hajian-Tilaki Karimolla
Published: December 2017

Introduction

The choice of criteria in determining optimal cut-off value is a matter of concern in quantitative diagnostic tests. Several indexes such as Youden’s index, Euclidean index, product of sensitivity and specificity in receiver operator characteristic space and diagnostic odds ratio have been used in clinical practices but their advantages and limitations are not well understood by clinicians. This study aimed to compare these methods in determining optimal cut-off values for quantitative diagnostic test.

Methods

The different configurations of binormal and bilogistic distributions with equal and unequal variances for nondiseased and diseased subjects were examined. The cut-off values with increment of 0.1 in Z-scale were varied. Then, the Youden’s index, Euclidean index, product of sensitivity and specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated over various cut-off values under distributional assumptions with confirmed parameters.

Results

According to the obtained data from binormal model and equal variances, the optimal cut-off values derived from Youden’s index, Euclidean index, and product method were similar but the diagnostic odds ratio yielded either extremely low or extremely high optimal cut-off value. For bilogistic pair distributions with equal variances, the Youden’s, Euclidean indexes and product method resulted in an identical cut-off value but the diagnostic odds ratio was constant over various cut-points. By both binormal and bilogistic data with more variations in nondiseased population, the Youden’s index produced a higher sensitive optimal cut-off value; but with more variation for diseased distribution, the Euclidean index showed a more sensitive optimal cut-off. For bilogistic data with unequal variance, the log(diagnostic odds ratio) had a straight line relationship over cut-off values with either positive or negative slope.

Conclusion

As a measure of association, diagnostic odds ratio cannot be informative in determining an optimal cut-off value. The advantage of receiver operator characteristic analysis to obtain the optimal cut-off value is to use Youden’s index, Euclidean index, or product index which is recommended. The choice between them depends on variability of test results in diseased and nondiseased subjects and the desired sensitivity.
From experiments to ecosystems? Reviewing public participation, scientific governance and the systemic turn
Authors: Braun Kathrin , Könninger Sabine
Published: December 2017

The article discusses a recent systemic turn in public participation in science studies. It reviews the main lines of criticism brought forward in science, technology and society towards public participation in science discourse and argues that much of it refers to the field’s preoccupation with isolated, stage-managed minipublics. It then discusses a series of efforts in science, technology and society, and other fields to study public participation in a more systemic or holistic perspective. The article advances the argument that there are different ways of conceptualizing such a perspective, not all of which are well equipped to account for contestation, conflict and power. We distinguish between an aggregative approach, deliberative systems theory, an eco-systemic and a decentred governance approach and argue that the latter allows us to study the complexities of public participation without relying on a normative concept of system and account for power relations that may structure the field of public participation.
Scientists and religious leaders compete for cultural authority of science
Authors: Scheitle Christopher P. , Johnson David R. , Ecklund Elaine Howard
Published: December 2017

Measurement of public trust in sources of information about science primarily examines whether the public turns to the “science communication industry” for information about science. Research posits, however, that scientists are not the singular cultural authority on science. Here, we examine the extent to which people turn to religion and religious individuals for information about science. Drawing on a nationally representative survey of US adults, we examine what factors—when individuals have a question about science—shape respondent’s likelihood of turning to science-based versus religion-based sources. Results show that religiosity is a strong positive predictor of looking to religious sources for scientific information, but it does not deter seeking out scientific sources. The results also show that interest in science has a positive influence on the likelihood of turning to a religious source.
Neonatal screening improves sickle cell disease clinical outcome in Belgium
Authors: Lê Phu-Quoc , Ferster Alina , Dedeken Laurence , Vermylen Christiane , Vanderfaeillie Anna , Rozen Laurence , Heijmans Catherine , Huybrechts Sophie , Devalck Christine , Cotton Frédéric , Ketelslegers Olivier , Dresse Marie-Françoise , Fils Jean-François , Gulbis Béatrice
Published: December 2017

Objectives

To compare the outcomes of sickle cell disease patients diagnosed through neonatal screening with those who were not.

Methods

In an observational multicenter study in Belgium, 167 screened and 93 unscreened sickle cell disease patients were analyzed for a total of 1116 and 958 patient-years of follow-up, respectively. Both groups were compared with propensity score analysis, with patients matched on three covariates (gender, genotype, and central Africa origin). Bonferroni correction was applied for all comparisons.

Results

Kaplan–Meier estimates of survival without bacteremia were significantly higher in the screened group than the unscreened group (94.47%; [95% CI, 88.64–97.36%] versus 83.78% [95% CI, 72.27–90.42%]), p = 0.032. Non-significant differences between both groups were reported for survival without acute chest syndrome, acute anemia, cerebral complication, severe infection, and vaso-occlusive crisis. Significantly lower hospitalization rate and days per 100 patient-years were observed in the screened compared with the unscreened group (0.27 vs. 0.63 and 1.25 vs. 2.82, p = 0.0006 and <0.0001).

Conclusion

These data confirm the benefit of a neonatal screening programme in reducing bacteremia and hospitalization.
Ethical decision-making regarding infant viability: A discussion
Authors: Kelly Janet , Welch Emma
Published: December 2017

Background:

There are no universally agreed rules of healthcare ethics. Ethical decisions and standards tend to be linked to professional codes of practice when dealing with complex issues.

Objectives:

This paper aims to explore the ethical complexities on who should decide to give infants born on the borderline of viability lifesaving treatment, parents or the healthcare professionals.

Method:

The paper is a discussion using the principles of ethics, professional codes of practice from the UK, Nursing Midwifery Council and UK legal case law and statute. Healthcare professionals' experiences that influence parental decision are also considered.

Findings & Discussion:

There are considerable barriers to an effective discussion taking place in an environment where clinical decisions have to be made quickly once the baby is born. This is compounded by the need and respect for parental autonomy and the difficulties they face when making a best interest's decision knowing that this could cause more harm than good for their infant child and balancing any decision they make with quality of life.

Conclusion:

On deciding whether to give lifesaving treatment born at the borderline of viability, it should be a joint decision between the parents and the neonatal team.
Nurse participation in legal executions: An ethics round-table discussion
Authors: Shields Linda , Watson Roger , Darbyshire Philip , McKenna Hugh , Williams Ged , Hungerford Catherine , Stanley David , Ben-Sefer Ellen , Benedict Susan , Goodman Benny , Draper Peter , Anderson Judith
Published: December 2017

A paper was published in 2003 discussing the ethics of nurses participating in executions by inserting the intravenous line for lethal injections and providing care until death. This paper was circulated on an international email list of senior nurses and academics to engender discussion. From that discussion, several people agreed to contribute to a paper expressing their own thoughts and feelings about the ethics of nurses participating in executions in countries where capital punishment is legal. While a range of opinions were presented, these opinions fell into two main themes. The first of these included reflections on the philosophical obligations of nurses as caregivers who support those in times of great need, including condemned prisoners at the end of life. The second theme encompassed the notion that no nurse ever should participate in the active taking of life, in line with the codes of ethics of various nursing organisations. This range of opinions suggests the complexity of this issue and the need for further public discussion.
Nurses’ moral experiences of assisted death: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Elmore James , Wright David Kenneth , Paradis Maude
Published: December 2017

Background:

Legislative changes are resulting in assisted death as an option for people at the end of life. Although nurses’ experiences and perspectives are underrepresented within broader ethical discourses about assisted death, there is a small but significant body of literature examining nurses’ experiences of caring for people who request this option.

Aim:

To synthesize what has been learned about nurses’ experiences of caring for patients who request assisted death and to highlight what is morally at stake for nurses who undertake this type of care.

Design:

Qualitative meta-synthesis.

Methods:

Six databases were searched: CINAHL, Medline, EMBASE, Joanna Briggs Institute, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The search was completed on 22 October 2014 and updated in February 2016. Of 879 articles identified from the database searches, 16 articles were deemed relevant based on inclusion criteria. Following quality appraisal, 14 studies were retained for analysis and synthesis.

Results:

The moral experience of the nurse is (1) defined by a profound sense of responsibility, (2) shaped by contextual forces that nurses navigate in everyday end-of-life care practice, and (3) sustained by intra-team moral and emotional support.

Discussion:

The findings of this synthesis support the view that nurses are moral agents who are deeply invested in the moral integrity of end-of-life care involving assisted death. The findings further demonstrate that to fully appreciate the ethics of assisted death from a nursing standpoint, it is necessary to understand the broader constraints on nurses’ moral agency that operate in everyday end-of-life care.

Ethical considerations:

Research ethics board approval was not required for this synthesis of previously published literature.

Conclusion:

In order to understand how to enact ethical practice in the area of assisted death, the moral experiences of nurses should be investigated and foregrounded.
Direct-to-consumer advertising effects on nurse–patient relationship, authority, and prescribing appropriateness
Authors: Filipova Anna A
Published: December 2017

Background:

Discussing direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs during a visit could affect prescribing practices and provider–patient relationship.

Research objectives:

The study examines advanced practice nurse prescribers’ perceptions of direct-to-consumer advertising and its effects on nurse–patient relationship, prescriptive authority, and appropriateness of patient clinical requests.

Research design:

A cross-sectional survey design was implemented.

Participants and research context:

The random sample consisted of 316 nurses (27.17% response rate) in one of the Midwestern states in the United States. Pearson’s chi-square analysis and multiple/multinomial logistic regression analyses were used.

Ethical considerations:

Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the university’s Institutional Review Board. Participation was voluntary, and measures were taken to protect the anonymity and confidentiality of consenting participants.

Findings:

Most nurses (69%) believed that patients were “poor or very poor” at assessing the relevance of drug advertisements, 61% reported that the increase in drugs advertisements directed at patient was “a bad or a very bad thing,” and only 16% thought the advertisements were accurate to “a very or to a great extent.” Improved nurse–patient relationship was associated with factors such as the patient not bringing printed material, seeking nurse’s opinion only, taking responsibility for their health, and not challenging nurse’s prescriptive authority.

Discussion:

Advertising discussion during a visit could improve as well as pose a challenge to a nurse–patient relationship and nurse’s prescriptive authority.

Conclusion:

The positives of discussing advertising information can be maximized and the negatives minimized through enhanced interpersonal nurse–patient communication.
Meaning in life of older persons: An integrative literature review
Authors: Hupkens Susan , Machielse Anja , Goumans Marleen , Derkx Peter
Published: December 2017

Background:

Meaning in life of older persons is related to well-being, health, quality of life, and “good life.” However, the topic is scarcely covered in nursing literature.

Objective:

The aim of this integrative review for nurses is to synthesize knowledge from scholarly literature to provide insight into how older persons find meaning in life, what are influencing circumstances, and what are their sources of meaning. The review serves as a starting point for including meaning in life of older persons as a major concern for nurses in their role as health promoters.

Method:

An integrative review was performed including empirical research literature and texts on theoretical perspectives.

Ethical consideration:

Researches agree with ethical codes for research of universities in the Netherlands. For literature reviews no additional procedures are necessary according to Dutch law.

Findings:

A total of 44 heterogeneous texts were included in this review. Finding meaning in life is challenging for older persons. Older persons find meaning through a developmental process, by creating and discovering. Meaning in life is found in connection with self and others. Health, living together, high socio-economic status, social relations, activities, and religion are associated with experiencing meaning in later life. The main source of meaning in life of older persons is human relationships. Other sources of meaning in life vary by age and culture.

Discussion:

The review provides insight into meaning in life of older persons. There are several gaps in knowledge: literature is culturally biased, research on discovery of meaning and daily meaning is limited, and research from a nursing perspective is lacking. In practice, nurses have many opportunities to attune to meaning in life of patients. Further development of competence and training are needed.

Conclusion:

Older persons find meaning in life through different processes. Meaning in life is associated with the circumstances old persons live in. Human relationship is the major source of meaning. The knowledge from this review is a necessary knowledge base for nurses to include meaning in life of older patients in care. Further research is needed to explore the role of nurses.
Incivility experiences of nursing students in South Korea
Authors: Hyun Myung Sun , De Gagne Jennie C , Park Jeonghwa , Kang Hee Sun
Published: December 2017

Background:

Incivility behaviors are negative social behaviors that can create conflict and disrespect among the persons involved. In a learning environment, incivility negatively affects learning by reducing academic motivation, lowering satisfaction with the education program, and interrupting the learning process. In addition, incivility causes those involved to feel negative emotions, such as anger, depression, and anxiety.

Research question:

What are the incivility experiences of nursing students during their nursing education? In what context do nursing students experience incivility during their education?

Research design:

This study used an exploratory qualitative methodology.

Participants and research context:

Participants (n = 34) were nursing students at three universities in South Korea. Data were collected during focus group interviews of 34 participants between 20 March and 26 June 2015 and were examined using a qualitative content analysis.

Ethical consideration:

The institutional review board approved this study.

Findings:

The analysis revealed four learning contexts in which participants experienced incivility: (a) in the classroom, (b) outside the classroom, (c) clinical settings, and (d) related to technology use. Five themes were identified: student non-adherence to classroom standards, faculty non-adherence to classroom standards, lack of helping-trusting relationships with peers, lack of dedication to teaching and learning in a clinical setting, and inappropriate use of technology.

Conclusion:

Nursing students experience incivility in a variety of situations and settings and expect a safer, more positive learning environment. The incivility experienced by nursing students during their education affects their goal of becoming professional nurses.
Conflicts of conscience in the neonatal intensive care unit: Perspectives of Alberta
Authors: Ford Natalie J , Austin Wendy
Published: December 2017

Background:

Limited knowledge of the experiences of conflicts of conscience found in nursing literature.

Objectives:

To explore the individual experiences of a conflict of conscience for neonatal nurses in Alberta.

Research design:

Interpretive description was selected to help situate the findings in a meaningful clinical context.

Participants and research context:

Five interviews with neonatal nurses working in Neonatal Intensive Care Units throughout Alberta.

Ethical consideration:

Ethics approval from the Health Research Ethics Board at the University of Alberta.

Findings:

Three common themes emerged from the interviews: the unforgettable conflict with pain and suffering, finding the nurse’s voice, and the unique proximity of nurses.

Discussion and conclusion:

The nurses described a conflict of conscience when the neonate in their care experienced undermanaged pain and unnecessary suffering. During these experiences, they felt guilty, sad, hopeless, and powerless when they were unable to follow their conscience. Informal ways to follow their conscience were employed before declaration of conscientious objection was considered. This study highlights the vital importance of respecting a conflict of conscience to maintain the moral integrity of neonatal nurses and exposes the complexities of conscientious objection.
Migration and development at home: Bitter or sweet return? Evidence from Poland
Authors: Coniglio Nicola Daniele , Brzozowski Jan
Published: December 2017

The existing economic literature focuses on the benefits that return migrants offer to their home country in terms of entrepreneurship and human and financial capital accumulation. However, return migration can have modest or even some detrimental effects if the migration experience was unsuccessful and/or if the migrant fails to re-integrate into the home country’s economy. In our paper, we empirically show which factors – both individual characteristics and features related to the migration experience – influence the likelihood of a sub-optimal employment of returnees’ human capital employing an original dataset on a representative sample of return migrants in Silesia (Poland).
Innovation cycles and geographies of innovation: A study of healthcare innovation in Europe
Authors: Lawton Smith Helen , Bagchi-Sen Sharmistha , Edmunds Laurel
Published: December 2017

This paper examines place-specific factors affecting geographies of innovation, that is, the transfer of research from the laboratory to bedside in the healthcare sector in four European bioscience regions. These regions are Medical Delta (MD; Leiden, Rotterdam and Delft, Netherlands) Oxford and the Thames Valley (OTV; UK), Biocat (Catalonia, Spain) and Life Science Zurich (LSZ; Switzerland). Evidence is drawn from the European Union-funded Healthcare Technology and Innovation for Economic Success (HealthTIES) project (2010–2013). The analytical framework, the HealthTIES Innovation Cycle, is organised into resources (inputs), innovation system elements and outcomes. The paper shows that each region represents different positions within international value chains of innovation in the healthcare sector. They range from the highly research intensive but with relatively less in the way of commercial exploitation location (OTV) to the less research intensive but with more commercialisation (LSZ).
Borderscapes of external Europeanization in the Mediterranean neighbourhood
Authors: Celata Filippo , Coletti Raffaella
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we conceptualize external Europeanization as a multi-situated and selective process of differential inclusion. The aim is to contribute to recent research on the reconfiguration of “normative power Europe” through a more proper consideration of the dialogical positioning of different typologies of both recipients and transmitters of European external policies, and local economic actors, in particular. We show how the idea of the Mediterranean as a borderscape of differential inclusion allows for an analysis that extends beyond the restrictive inside/outside binary typical of many current interpretations of the Euro-Mediterranean and the European Neighbourhood Policy. This view is especially crucial in times of decreasing European Union leverage, internal crises and geopolitical turmoil in the Mediterranean and beyond. The attempt is, therefore, to shed light on the complicated geometries of Europeanization while also emphasizing the ways in which they entangle both symbolic projections and material interests. Such a conceptualization is then applied to a case study of the border between Italy and Tunisia.
Neighbourhood events and the visibilisation of everyday life: The cases of Turro (Milan) and Norra Fäladen (Lund)
Authors: Citroni Sebastiano , Karrholm Mattias
Published: December 2017

While scholars agree on the reasons behind the current proliferation of urban, small-scale, pre-organised events, the implication of these events for public life is more controversial, and involves polarised debates between enthusiasts and critics. This paper develops an international comparison between one city district in Milan (Italy) and one in Lund (Sweden), in order to explore how the variety of events that took place there between 2013 and 2015 possibly affected the local and on-going everyday public life. In both cases, the observed events aimed to de-stigmatise the broader urban districts in which they were staged, as well as to enhance a vibrant urban life in relatively disadvantaged areas. In the study, we identify three different ways in which these events make the public character of everyday life visible, and even redefine patterns of urban civility. The main argument deriving from our comparative ethnography is that the salience of events in the everyday life that they supposedly disrupt can be analytically addressed by developing a pragmatist approach to public space, discussing it in terms of territorial complexity.
Organizational Internal Factors and Construction Risk Management among Nigerian Construction Companies
Authors: Adeleke A. Q. , Bahaudin A. Y. , Kamaruddeen A. M.
Published: December 2017

Significant number of empirical research works have reported contravening results regarding the effects of organizational internal factors on construction risk management. This prompted the introduction of a moderator variable. This research tested the moderating role of rules and regulations on the relationships between organizational internal factors and construction risk management. Drawing on discouragement and organizational control theory, this research studied the effects of organizational internal factors and rules and regulations on construction risk management among 238 employees operating in Abuja and Lagos State construction companies in Nigeria. Self-administered questionnaires were used to gather the data. Using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) for analysis, a significant positive relationship between organizational internal factors and construction risk management was acknowledged. This study also discovered a significant positive relationship between rules and regulations and construction risk management. As expected, rules and regulations was discovered to moderate the relationship between organizational internal factors and construction risk management, with a significant positive result. A significant interaction effect was also discovered between rules and regulations and organizational internal factors. The significance of this study on Nigerian construction industry was also highlighted.
An Empirical Study of Consumers Intention to Purchase Wooden Handicraft Items Online: Using Extended Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Yadav Rohit , Mahara Tripti
Published: December 2017

Handicraft is one of the many productive sectors for developing countries. It contributes significantly towards economic growth. This study seeks to investigate consumers’ perception towards purchase of wooden handicraft items through e-commerce platform. The proposed extended technology acceptance model investigates the role of website quality, service and product perception on consumers purchase intention towards wooden handicraft items online. Trust acts as a mediator to study its effect on consumer intention. The effect of website quality, service and product perception was analyzed for the technology acceptance model constructs, namely perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. A total of 234 respondents were surveyed and data was analyzed using structural equation modelling technique. Service perception and product perception determine perceived usefulness whereas perceived ease of use is determined by website quality and service perception. The results show that trust has positive role in determining consumers’ purchase intention. Website quality, service and product perception determine trust, and they build consumers’ confidence in online shopping. Both seller and website should have effective strategies to build consumers’ trust. The research suggests that sellers can significantly surge consumers’ trust by improvising product and service perception, whereas the website can ensure consumers’ trust by increasing the quality of website and service perception.
A game of snakes and ladders: Player migratory trajectories in the global football labor market
Authors: Velema Thijs A
Published: December 2017

Globalization theorists have typically described the post-Bosman football labor market as an amalgam of global value-added chains funneling players from (semi-)peripheral countries to Europe’s core leagues. However, due to their cross-sectional design, most globalization studies actually do not observe the longitudinal migratory trajectories through which players move towards, within and out of football’s global core. To fill this lacuna, this study examines a unique longitudinal dataset of 4730 complete careers of male professional football players and identifies four characteristics of their migratory trajectories: (1) recurrent mobility; (2) domestic careers for 60% of the players and frequent cross-border transfers for the other 40%; (3) clear career progress towards the top teams for the elite 10% of players and circulation for the other 90%; (4) a highly skewed distribution of transfer fees leading top teams to earn and spend the bulk of transfer fees. This suggests that football’s labor market is somewhat like a game of snakes and ladders in which an elite minority of players seems to be moving in tightly managed global value-added chains towards the top teams. However, the migratory channels through which the majority of players moves are much more porous, two-directional and complex than usually suggested in the literature.
Race and resistance: A typology of African American sport activism
Authors: Cooper Joseph N , Macaulay Charles , Rodriguez Saturnino H
Published: December 2017

Historically, sport has been viewed as an apolitical space where organizers, managers, coaches, spectators, and sponsors expected athletes to focus solely on their performance and adhere to functionalist origins of the activity, including physical fitness benefits, character building, teamwork, and social entertainment. Despite these various positive attributes, the institution of sport does not operate in isolation from broader society. Instead, sport serves as a site where societal inequalities such as racism, sexism, economic stratification, and other forms of oppression are reproduced, exacerbated, and/or ignored. Throughout history, several African American athletes, sport scholar activists, sport institutions, and entrepreneurs have critically reflected upon this arrangement and courageously engaged in actions to promote social justice within and beyond sporting spaces. Recent actions by African American athletes across participation levels have raised questions about the term activism and how it is applied to certain actions. In an effort to foster a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, the purpose of this article is to present a typology that delineates different forms of African American sport activism. The proposed typology outlines five categories: (1) symbolic activism; (2) scholarly activism; (3) grassroots activism; (4) sport-based activism; and (5) economic activism. Implications for future engagement and research are discussed.
Gender dysphoria in Klinefelter’s syndrome: three cases
Authors: Davies Gordon W , Parkinson John
Published: December 2017

Background:

Previous reports have found the incidence of gender dysphoria in Klinefelter’s patients greater than in the general male population.

Methods:

A cohort of patients with gender dysphoria was reviewed.

Results:

Of the 220 patients with gender dysphoria, three had Klinefelter’s syndrome.

Conclusions:

These three reports are further examples of gender dysphoria in Klinefelter’s syndrome. The role of biological factors in gender identity is affirmed. Caution is urged in prescribing testosterone.
Spectrum of care: Current management of childhood autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in New Zealand
Authors: Thabrew Hiran , Eggleston Matthew
Published: December 2017

Objectives:

The purpose of this research was to compare the current status of assessment and intervention for New Zealand children and adolescents who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with recommendations outlined in the 2008 New Zealand ASD Guideline.

Methods:

ASD coordinators and New Zealand District Health Board (DHB) staff working with children and adolescents who have ASD were electronically surveyed.

Results:

Responses were received from 32 staff in 17 (85%) surveyed DHBs. Positive findings included the presence of ASD coordinators in 85% of DHBs, clear pathways for management in 73.1% of DHBs and good communications between paediatric, psychiatric and educational teams in some DHBs regions. Areas for improvement included wait times to assessment, access to longer-term support and intervention for families, and training for staff in ASD and cultural issues.

Conclusions:

Since the launch of the NZ ASD Guidelines, significant progress has been made. However, further work is needed to ensure services for children and adolescents with ASD are accessible, well-coordinated and focussed on both assessment and intervention.
The use of reputation in repeated dyadic interactions
Authors: Inaba Misato , Takahashi Nobuyuki
Published: December 2017

How cooperation is possible has been one of the major puzzles in social sciences. Traditionally, two mechanisms have been proposed to explain cooperation. Cooperation in repeated dyadic interactions has been explained by direct reciprocity, while cooperation between more than two individuals has been explained by indirect reciprocity. Although reputation is theoretically unnecessary to achieve mutual cooperation in repeated dyadic interactions, several experimental studies indicated that people do make use of reputation even in such situations. Therefore, we conducted two experiments to investigate why people make use of reputation in dyadic interactions. Our results revealed that people use reputation because they assume that reputation enables them to predict their partners’ future behaviors in dyadic interactions. We conclude that there is a need to reexamine the system of mechanisms posited to explain the problem of cooperation in particular by expanding the scope of indirect reciprocity.
Teams as Complex Adaptive Systems: Reviewing 17 Years of Research
Authors: Ramos-Villagrasa Pedro J. , Marques-Quinteiro Pedro , Navarro José , Rico Ramón
Published: December 2017

At the turn of the century, Arrow, McGrath, and Berdahl portrayed teams as complex adaptive systems (CAS). And yet, despite broad agreement that this approach facilitates a better understanding of teams, it has only now been timidly incorporated into team research. To help fully incorporate the logic of teams as CAS in the science of teams, we review extant research on teams approached from a nonlinear dynamical system theory. Using a systematic review approach, we selected 92 articles published over the last 17 years to integrate what we know about teams as CAS. Our review reveals the evidence supporting teams as CAS, and the set of analytical techniques to analyze team data from this perspective. This review contributes to teams’ theory and practice by offering ways to identify both research methods and managing techniques that scholars and practitioners may apply to study and manage teams as CAS.
25 Years of Complex Intervention Trials
Authors: Komro Kelli A.
Published: December 2017

For the past 25 years, I have led multiple group-randomized trials, each focused on a specific underserved population of youth and each one evaluated health effects of complex interventions designed to prevent high-risk behaviors. I share my reflections on issues of intervention and research design, as well as how research results fostered my evolution toward addressing fundamental social determinants of health and well-being. Reflections related to intervention design emphasize the importance of careful consideration of theory of causes and theory of change, theoretical comprehensiveness versus fundamental determinants of population health, how high to reach, and health in all policies. Flowing from these intervention design issues are reflections on implications for research design, including the importance of matching the unit of intervention to the unit of assignment, the emerging field of public health law research, and consideration of design options and design elements beyond and in combination with random assignment.
“It’s a Tug of War Between the Person I Used To Be and the Person I Want To Be”: The Terror, Complexity, and Limits of Leaving Crime Behind
Authors: Buck Gillian
Published: December 2017

This article draws upon an ethnographic study of peer mentoring in the United Kingdom criminal justice system. It examines how people attempting to desist from criminal lifestyles often experience a period of crisis, characterized by unsettling practical and personal losses. Through interviews with peer mentors and mentees, and observations of mentoring practices, this study renders this sense of adversity visible. It also reveals the ways in which peer mentors may alleviate the weight of the crisis, by providing a blueprint of change, while appearing to be nonauthoritarian. These are important components given that mentees often feel untethered from known ways of being and describe their interactions with authority figures as embattled. An interesting secondary effect which emerges here is that peer mentors appear to shift the perceptions of external observers. This is a vital feature, given that sustained desistance from crime requires contexts conducive to such changes.
Sustainable Livelihoods Analysis as a Response to the Crisis in the Community and Voluntary Sector
Authors: Goldstraw Katy , Davidson Eve , Packham Carol
Published: December 2017

The aim of this article is to recognize the crisis currently experienced by the voluntary and community sector (VCS) and to consider a creative response to this crisis utilizing VCS assets. The article uses a creative assets based response to the VCS crisis, utilizing sustainable livelihoods’ analysis (SLA) as a means of identifying VCS assets. SLA, traditionally used to explore vulnerabilities and assets at a household level, will be expanded and utilized to analyze the effects of austerity on small voluntary organizations. We use SLA as a theoretical lens through which to analyze our data, we propose that small VCS organizations can consider their position using SLA as a tool. The VCS can use SLA to consider its assets and vulnerabilities in the context of austerity; in engaging in this process, the VCS can recognize opportunities. The small VCS organization typically has high-quality community-based social capital, and it has a human capital and community knowledge. This integrated grassroots social capital expertise and strong community-based human capital is unique to the VCS. In mobilizing its assets, the VCS as a sector can seek to overcome the funding crisis that it is experiencing and develop creative solutions to austerity.
(Engaging or Avoiding) Change Through Reflexive Practices
Authors: Hibbert Paul , Callagher Lisa , Siedlok Frank , Windahl Charlotta , Kim Hee Sun
Published: December 2017

In this article, we explore the ways in which individuals deploy reflexive practices in order to avoid or engage with a call to change either oneself or the social context. We begin by developing a categorization of the modes of reflexive practice associated with avoidance or engagement. We go on to develop—through a relationally reflexive research process—three contributions that build on this. First, we build an understanding of what a repertoire of reflexive practices may include, and “what is going on” in such reflexive practices. Second, we explain how reflexive practices can be mobilizing, thereby enabling shifts between avoidance and engagement modes, or fix action within a single mode. Third, we develop an understanding of the ways in which emotions and relationships influence how reflexive practices of either kind are deployed.