bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the false memory literature: The state of affairs on open science practices
Authors: Wiechert Sera , Leistra Phaedra , Ben-Shakhar Gershon , Pertzov Yoni , Verschuere Bruno
Published: February 2025

In response to the replication crisis in psychology, the scientific community has advocated open science practices to promote transparency and reproducibility. Although existing reviews indicate inconsistent and generally low adoption of open science in psychology, a current-day, detailed analysis is lacking. Recognizing the significant impact of false memory research in legal contexts, we conducted a preregistered systematic review to assess the integration of open science practices within this field, analyzing 388 publications from 2015 to 2023 (including 15 replications and 3 meta-analyses). Our findings indicated a significant yet varied adoption of open science practices. Most studies (86.86%) adhered to at least one measure, with publication accessibility being the most consistently adopted practice at 73.97%. While data sharing demonstrated the most substantial growth, reaching about 75% by 2023, preregistration and analysis script sharing lagged, with 20-25% adoption in 2023. This review highlights a promising trend towards enhanced research quality, transparency, and reproducibility in legal false memory research. However, the inconsistent implementation of open science practices may still challenge the verification, replication, and interpretation of research findings. Our study underscores the need for a comprehensive adoption of open science to substantially improve research reliability and validity, fostering trust and credibility in psychology.
A Mixture IRT Model for Handling Different Types of Careless Respondents
Authors: Uglanova Irina , Nagy Gabriel , Ulitzsch Esther
Published: February 2025

Careless and insufficient effort responding (C/IER) in self-report questionnaires occurs when responses are given without attention being paid to the item content. In this study, we provide a mixture item response theory (IRT) model that efficiently accommodates various C/IER types and can be easily implemented in standard IRT software. In an extensive simulation study, we evaluated the conditions that might facilitate the separation of respondents who exhibit and respondents who do not exhibit C/IER. The results indicate that, for all investigated patterns of C/IER, the suggested model performs well when scales comprise 10 or more items, include items that clearly differ from each other in their category thresholds (high item heterogeneity), and combine positively and negatively worded items. Empirical support for interpreting the latent class variable as assessing C/IER was obtained by reanalyzing a publicly available Big Five inventory data set. The model-based identification of C/IER was closely aligned with results from attention check items; the mixture IRT model was more sensitive to differences in the prevalence of C/IER across assessment platforms than the attention check items were.
Freshwater salinization of seasonal ponds: High salinity and stratification threaten critical, overlooked habitats
Authors: Brady Steven , Benoit Gaboury
Published: February 2025

Nearly a century of road salt use in the snowbelt region of North America has led to substantial increases in salinity levels in freshwater habitats (1, 2). Salt pollution in lakes and rivers is well characterized (3, 4). Lacking are broad insights for seasonal ponds. As critical habitats for many endemic species, these small and often poorly flushed surface waters are especially vulnerable to accumulating high levels of salts and other pollutants. Here, we measured salinity in 165 seasonal ponds, characterizing salt pollution patterns across space, through time, and over depth within ponds. We found that 70% of ponds within 37 m of a road contained salinity levels exceeding Canadian federal guidelines. 54% of ponds within 25 m exceeded less conservative US federal guidelines. Within ponds, the water column was stratified due to the combined density effects of salt and temperature. Bottom waters of polluted ponds were about 57% saltier than near surface waters, though many were much saltier than this. Compared to lakes and rivers, far more seasonal ponds appear to be compromised by deicing salt, and overall, the concentration of salt appears to be substantially higher. Among aquatic habitats, seasonal ponds are experiencing the most severe impacts of freshwater salinization with consequent impacts on sensitive aquatic organisms.
Seismic Actions on Long Tunnels: Records from 1-g Shaking Table Tests
Authors: Yuan Yong
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the current research progress in long tunnels subjected to earthquakes. Using the facilities of the multi-functional laboratory of the state-key laboratory, a series of large-scale shaking table tests were completed considering long tunnels under the excitation of travelling waves or junction structures, ground variations, tunnels crossing liquefiable ground, and fault sites under strong shaking. The test results were compared with numerical and analytical calculations to help understand this sophisticated problem. Several meaningful records can be used for the aseismic design of long tunnels and validation of the design formula.
Feature synergy enhances saliency of figure-ground segregation
Authors: Hunt Cordula , Schubert Anna-Lena , Meinhardt Günter
Published: February 2025

Texture areas which differ from the surround in more than one local feature are moreeasily detected. Recently, it has been shown that a low-level summary statistic, net contrastenergy, predicts this double-cue advantage, suggesting integration at an early stageof image analysis. Here we asked whether there is also a double-cue advantage in moreadvanced shape-from-texture judgments beyond figure-ground segregation. In targetdetection and a more complex shape discrimination task d’ sensitivity was adjusted tothe same baseline levels for targets with feature contrast in orientation and spatial frequencycues, and performance was measured for double-cue targets. Contrary to earlierresults reported for simpler shape discriminations we found a weaker double-cue advantagein the more complex shape identification task. Particularly, double-cue sensitivitywas notably lower than the algebraic sum of the single-cue sensitivities, a level whichwas consistently reached in the detection task. Control measurements with high featuredifferences between target and background showed perfect detection performance,both with single cues and their combination. Shape identification performance, however,saturated at levels between 83% − 90% accuracy, depending on the feature condition,indicating that enhanced target saliency is insufficient for extracting unique shape representationsfrom the texture stimuli. The findings corroborate that cue summation enhancesfigure-ground segregation in cluttered images, while there is no evidence that italso augments more specific processes involved in the recognition of 2D texture shapes.
Fodor's Self-Concept: Conceptual Atomism and its Implications for Self-Categorization Theory
Authors: Skorich Daniel
Published: February 2025

Self-Categorization Theory (Turner et al., 1987; 1994) has proven itself to be one of the most influential and robust explanatory theories in social cognition. Its two foundational texts have been cited almost 25,000 times and it has spurred theoretical, empirical, and applied research across a wide array of topics. Despite its successes, I will argue in this talk that its theoretical commitment to a “Roschian” prototype view of categorization holds it back. In particular, I will argue that its reliance on the “principle of meta-contrast” for category discrimination (1) renders it computationally intractable; and (2) saddles it with a model of semantic content that does not meet the criterion of naturalness. I will propose instead that Fodor’s (1995; Fodor & Pylyshyn, 2015) “conceptual atomism” should be adopted. I will outline Fodor’s critiques of what he refers to as the “inferential role semantics” of prototype models and discuss their relevance to self-categorization. I will then explore the implications for Self-Categorization Theory of adopting a conceptual atomism approach, with a particular emphasis on issues of context dependence, prototypicality, and perceiver readiness.
Ako postupovať pri vypracovaní a obhajobe záverečných prác v študijnom programe anglický jazyk a anglofónne kultúry
Authors: Pokrivčák Anton , Pokrivčáková Silvia
Published: February 2025

Táto študijná pomôcka je určená študentom 1. a 2. stupňa a frekventantom rigorózneho konania vo filologickom študijnom programe anglický jazyk a anglofónne kultúry, pred ktorými stojí náročná úloha napísať a obhájiť svoju záverečnú prácu. Cieľom príručky je pomôcť jej používateľom, aby sa lepšie zorientovali v pomerne bohatej škále noriem a smerníc, a tiež aby lepšie zvládli organizáciu tvorby práce, jej metodickú a formálnu stránku a pohodlnejšie prešli procesmi odovzdania a obhajoby práce.

Obsah príručky je rozdelený do jedenástich kapitol. Na úvod charakterizujeme vedný odbor filológia a študijný program anglický jazyk a anglofónne kultúry, ktorý k nemu prislúcha. V druhej kapitole sa pozornosť presúva na typy záverečných prác vo filológii a na prehľad predmetov, ktoré študenta na vypracovanie jeho záverečnej práce pripravujú. V tretej kapitole sa venujeme možnému tematickému zameraniu a odporúčanej štruktúre kvalifikačných prác s ohľadom na štyri hlavné oblasti filológie: lingvistika, preklad, kultúra a literatúra. Štvrtá kapitola sa sústreďuje na samotný proces tvorby práce. V piatej a šiestej kapitole čitateľ získa prehľad o štruktúrnych a formálnych náležitostiach filologických záverečných prác. Osobitnú pozornosť venujeme ich metodologickej stránke, ktorá je pre štruktúru práce určujúcim faktorom.

Siedma kapitola rekapituluje kľúčové etické zásady tvorby akademických prác s osobitným dôrazom na súčasné výzvy, ktoré sú dôsledkom prudkého nástupu umelej inteligencie do procesov písomnej produkcie. Vo ôsmej a deviatej kapitole získa študent detailnejšiu predstavu o procesoch odovzdania a hodnotenia záverečných prác, ktoré majú zvyčajne podobu písomných posudkov. Desiata kapitola je venovaná príprave a priebehu ústnej obhajoby záverečnej práce. Posledná, jedenásta kapitola prináša stručný prehľad publikačných možností, ktoré majú autori záverečných prác so záujmom o efektívnejšiu disemináciu svojich výskumných výsledkov v širšej odbornej komunite.
Pojęcie państwa trzeciego w prawie Unii Europejskiej – uwagi ogólne do Wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej w sprawie C-632/20P, Hiszpania vs. Komisja Europejska
Authors: Kalicka-Mikołajczyk Adriana
Published: February 2025

In the judgement in case C-632/20P, Spain v. European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) had to determine whether Kosovo fell into the scope of the definition “third country” for the purposes of Article 35 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1971. The CJEU ruled that the term “country” can be used interchangeably with the term “State” and the European Commission did not err in law in finding that Kosovo can be considered a third country in order to provide for the participation of its national regulatory authority in the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC). The CJEU stressed that the treatment of Kosovo as a third country does not affect the individual positions of EU Member States as to whether Kosovo has the character of an independent state under international law. This judgement confirms the status quo in relations between Kosovo and the EU. It also safeguards the position of those EU Member States that do not recognise Kosovo, while ensuring the further development of EU cooperation with Kosovo. By ruling that there is no difference between the concepts of “country” and “State”, and thus allowing their interchangeable use, the CJEU has prevented their artificial separation. This judgement, in a broader perspective than the EU’s bilateral relations with Kosovo, demonstrates that the question of establishing international cooperation with states not recognised by all member states is of little relevance to the development of their bilateral relations with the EU. Such a state can therefore join various forms of multilateral cooperation in the international arena, which does not affect the bilateral relations between it and a member state that has not recognised it. In this vein, Kosovo has established multilateral relations with various international organisations without having to engage in bilateral cooperation with states that do not recognise it.
Studi Perbandingan Algoritma Random Forest dan K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) dalam Klasifikasi Gangguan Tidur
Authors: Khasanah Nurul , Eka Saputri Daniati Uki , Aziz Faruq , Hidayat Taopik
Published: February 2025

Gangguan tidur seperti insomnia dan sleep apnea dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup secara signifikan serta meningkatkan risiko penyakit kronis. Identifikasi dini dan klasifikasi gangguan tidur menjadi penting untuk mencegah dampak lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan performa algoritma Random Forest dan K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) dalam klasifikasi gangguan tidur menggunakan Sleep Health and Lifestyle Dataset dari Kaggle, yang berisi data kesehatan dan gaya hidup yang relevan dengan pola tidur. Algoritma Random Forest dan KNN diterapkan untuk mengklasifikasikan gangguan tidur ke dalam kategori 'None', 'Sleep Apnea', dan 'Insomnia'. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, algoritma Random Forest menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 89,69%, dengan performa terbaik pada kategori 'None' yang mencapai recall 96,08%. Sementara itu, KNN menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 87,02% dengan K=5. Meskipun Random Forest menunjukkan hasil yang lebih unggul, tantangan masih ditemukan dalam mendeteksi kategori 'Sleep Apnea', di mana recall hanya mencapai 74,55%, yang kemungkinan disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan data. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa algoritma Random Forest lebih efektif dalam klasifikasi gangguan tidur dibandingkan KNN. Langkah penelitian selanjutnya adalah penyeimbangan data dan eksplorasi algoritma lain seperti XGBoost untuk meningkatkan performa deteksi gangguan tidur.
Penerapan Zahir Accounting Versi 6.0 Dalam Meningkatkan Efisiensi Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Rahmawati Mari , Tukan Mechtildis Berliana , Agustina Teni , Saridawati Saridawati , Suryani Rani , Sabariah Etika , Indrarti Wahyu
Published: February 2025

Akurasi laporan keuangan merupakan elemen kritis bagi keberlangsungan dan pertumbuhan bisnis. Sistem informasi akuntansi dalam siklus pendapatan merupakan salah satu bagian dari keseluruhan sistem informasi akuntansi yang dirancang dan diimplementasikan oleh perusahaan. Suatu sistem informasi akuntansi yang efektif juga sangat penting bagi keberhasilan jangka panjang suatu perusahaan. Pencatatan manual dalam pengelolaan data keuangan seringkali menyebabkan kesalahan yang dapat berdampak signifikan. Kesalahan tersebut umumnya terjadi pada pencatatan laporan keuangan, pencatatan stok opname, dan perhitungan laba/rugi di dalam perusahaan sehingga terdaoat ketidakakuratan dalam pencatatan keuangan. Laporan keuangan yang akurat tidak hanya penting untuk pengambilan keputusan manajemen tetapi juga memenuhi kebutuhan pihak eksternal seperti investor, kreditur, dan regulator.  PT. Mitra Esa Antama adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang Penjualan. Penulis melakukan penelitian di PT. Mitra Esa Antama bahwa pengolahan data akuntansi dari segi akurasi dalam penggunaan Zahir Accounting Versi 6.0 seringkali terkait dengan kesalahan pencatatan data dan proses manual yang masih dilakukan oleh beberapa perusahaan. Meskipun software ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, tantangan dalam implementasi dan pemahaman pengguna dapat mempengaruhi akurasi laporan keuangan yang dihasilkan. Penerapan akurasi ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketepatan dalam penyajian data keuangan perusahaan. Zahir Accounting adalah perangkat lunak akuntansi yang membantu dalam pengelolaan transaksi keuangan, dari pencatatan hingga pelaporan. Dengan Zahir Accounting, PT. Mitra Esa Antama dapat mencatat transaksi secara otomatis, meminimalisir kesalahan input, dan memastikan validasi data yang baik, serta menyediakan laporan keuangan yang lengkap dan akurat.
Omental Infarction After Infectious Caesarian Section: A Case Report
Authors: Shahraki Ahmad Reza
Published: February 2025

There have been about 300 cases of omental infarction reported in literature. Omental infarction is a rare disease entity that can cause acute or subacute abdominal pain. In the past, it was thought that omental infarction mainly occurred on the right side because it was detected when surgery was performed on patients who complained of abdominal pain on the right side. Although the classical treatment of omental infarction is surgery, more recently the conservative management has been suggested. Thus, we believe that the knowledge of the characteristic imaging findings is essential for establish a correct preoperative diagnosis, which can avoid unnecessary surgical intervention. This case presentation wants to show rare results of abdominal surgery and following the patient after surgery is so important.

Our case was a 19 years old female with abdominal pain that underwent caesarian section 10 days before, that CT scan shows infection in uterine and abdomen and in laparotomy omental infarction and infected uterine was seen. After treatment she discharge healthy.

By adding omental infarction to the list of differential diagnoses in patients who present with acute abdominal pain, future management of patients with an acute abdomen can be adjusted for the optimal approach to not overlook any surgery-requiring diagnosis as well as to prevent overtreatment.
Analysis of Pre-Competition Anxiety in Female Athletes in A Number of Women's Sports
Authors: Anatolyevich Bugaevsky Konstantin
Published: February 2025

The article presents the materials of the study devoted to the study of personal and situational anxiety in female athletes of adolescent age, in the period before competitions. The definition of personal and situational anxiety was applied using the method of C.D. Spielberger, as adapted by Yu.L. Khanin. It was established that the level of personal and situational anxiety in most athletes performing in individual sports is much higher and more pronounced than in athletes performing in team sports.
Squamous Odontogenic Tumour of the Jaw
Authors: Singh Ankur
Published: February 2025

The squamous odontogenic tumor has been described in just 50 instances in the English-language literature since it was initially published in 1975. These cases usually show the microscopic features of the tumor in great detail. However, there aren't many papers that include radiographic elements, particularly ones that focus on differential diagnosis. To help dental doctors during routine diagnosis, the current book suggests evaluating jaw lesions that have the same radiographic features as the squamous odontogenic tumor.
El desafío de aplicar el modelo HIP en la educación secundaria: transformando hacia la democratización
Authors: Vila Soriano Rocío , Monsalve Lorente Laura
Published: February 2025

Introducción: La sociedad contemporánea requiere transformaciones en sus instituciones y un modelo que acelere cambios profundos en las organizaciones. El modelo HIP (Hexágono de la Innovación Pública) facilita la creación de un entorno innovador adaptado a contextos específicos, mejorando la eficiencia institucional y promoviendo una transformación integral con un enfoque en el gobierno abierto y el cambio sistémico. Metodología: Este estudio, hemos empleado una metodología cualitativa basada en la investigación-acción, analizando el proyecto educativo del IES Moixent mediante un estudio de caso en el CEIP "Ramón y Cajal" de Alpartir. Resultados: A través de cuestionarios autodiagnósticos, se identificaron deficiencias y se propuso una intervención para mejorar los vectores CO y OPEN, con un plan integral destinado a consolidar una Escuela Democrática entre 2022 y 2024. Discusión: La aplicación del modelo HIP permitió comprender el ecosistema escolar y delinear las acciones necesarias para la democratización educativa, con la participación activa de toda la comunidad educativa en la ejecución y evaluación del plan de acción. Conclusiones: Los datos obtenidos respaldan la adopción del modelo HIP, confirmando que, con una implementación adecuada, es posible lograr mejoras sustanciales en el ecosistema educativo, facilitando la transición hacia una Escuela Democrática.
Extinction in Uncommon Worlds
Authors: Ogden Laura A.
Published: February 2025

Concerns about species extinctions have produced efforts to stabilize these losses and to do so on a planetary scale. These conservation efforts call upon the language and politics of the commons, although in often divergent ways. Using ethnographic research that examines efforts to save the California condor, I analyze the moral claims that animate these conservation practices. The specter of the Sixth Extinction has led conservation communities to treat the Earth as a ‘planetary commons’, albeit an apocalyptic one. Yet ‘touching extinction’ produces practices of bioethical care that exist and resist the abstractions of the planetary commons. Lastly, I offer an example of condor reintroduction into the Grand Canyon to illustrate how these commoning practices have the potential to enact ‘uncommon worlds’.
Facial variability of gypsums, speleogenesis, and morphology of karst cavities: new insights from Polyakova Ducha Cave (Chernivtsi region, Ukraine)
Authors: Kostiuk Uliana , Popiuk Yana
Published: February 2025

The research focuses on studying the facies diversity of the Miocene gypsum sequence within the Polyakova Ducha Cave, located at the junction of the Pre-Carpathian Foredeep and the East European Platform (Chernivtsi region, Ukraine). A detailed lithological and stratigraphic analysis of the gypsum facies on the polished walls of the cave galleries was conducted, allowing for the reconstruction of the depositional conditions. Five main gypsum facies were identified, each corresponding to different stages in the development of the Miocene evaporite basin. It was determined that the formation of the lower part of the gypsum sequence was accompanied by earthquakes. The cave’s morphology indicates its complex speleogenesis, involving both hypogenic and epigenetic karstification processes. Correlation was established between the stratigraphy of the gypsum facies and the mesomorphological features of the cave. This enabled the reconstruction of the evolution of the underground cavity and the identification of factors influencing karst development.

Keywords: sulfate sequence, gypsum, karst, facies, Miocene, cave, morphology.
Georgia as a testing ground for Putin’s policy of “land return”: from the occupation of territories to the anti-European Course of the “Georgian Dream”
Authors: Nechayeva-Yuriychuk Nataliia
Published: February 2025

In the 21st century, Russian imperialism continues its convulsive attempts to remain on the geopolitical map of the world, which is reflected in the active measures taken by Moscow towards Georgia and Ukraine. The events in Georgia and the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war have shown that Moscow has lost its military power but continues to maintain its geopolitical influence both through its presence in international organizations, primarily the UN, and through the use of a wide range of manipulative tools. Moscow’s open interference in the internal affairs of Georgia, first through mythical “peacekeeping” and after 2008 - the open occupation of part of Georgian territories - is only one aspect of Russian activity in the South Caucasus.

Having lost control over Tbilisi’s actions after the Rose Revolution of 2003 and the coming to power of M. Saakashvili, Moscow used all possible means – diplomatic, economic, military, and informational, to regain its influence in the region. It was impossible to discredit Saakashvili and his chosen course for Euro-Atlantic integration by the “active means” already traditional for Moscow, so the Kremlin chose a different tactic. Through the mechanism of creating a puppet political force, tested in the last century, Moscow joined Georgia's party and political life through the “Georgian Dream”, which turned out to be Russian.

Georgian society, democratically minded and tired of increasing manifestations of authoritarianism on the part of Saakashvili, took the first destructive step – it elected the “Georgian Dream” to parliament. The next decade is an accelerated rollback of the democratic reforms of the “United National Movement” and a turn towards Russia with a conscious transition to an anti-integration movement towards the EU on the part of official Tbilisi. Despite active protests from Georgian society, the authorities continue their reverse movement towards Russia. The world is watching the testing of the new strategy of Putin’s policy of “returning the lands”, which the author defined as “retroactive governance”.
Principles of Policymaking and Implementing Digital Policy in the European Union
Authors: Popovych Oleksandr
Published: February 2025

The article defines and details the principles of policymaking and implementing a common digital policy in the European Union, analyzes the nature of the integration of values and humanism in the field of EU digital policy, and explores the idea of EU digital sovereignty as a security factor that determines the quality of the Union's digital policy. It is proven that the source of the Union's common digital policy is a set of geopolitical, security and economic challenges that the EU faces and which are capable of transforming the vision of its future due to the need to conceptualize the idea of digital sovereignty without resorting to territoriality. It is substantiated that digital sovereignty as one of the principles of developing and implementing a common EU digital policy actualizes not only the traditional regulatory and legislative aspects of the European public policy cycle, but also draws attention to the regulatory status of digital infrastructure and the geopolitical context. It has been established that the digital field, as a subject of EU policy, is acquiring the features of the field of global politics, in which the subject of policy has not only economic characteristics, but also security and value characteristics. The content and nature of the EU political discourse on digital sovereignty has actualized the rethinking of the interaction of political power and digital technologies, which ensures the development of a structured and strategic EU digital policy, which is based and implemented in the paradigm of human dignity as a basic value of the EU.
The Asian Region as a Target of International Broadcasting by Leading International Relations Actors
Authors: Tereshchuk Vitaliy
Published: February 2025

The article examines the place of the Asian macroregion as the object of international broadcasting by leading actors of international relations (on the example of Great Britain, France, the United States of America, the People’s Republic of China). It shows the various tasks that have been and are being set for international broadcasting systems of these countries in the region, and an attempt was made to identify priority subregions for each actor.
Arbitraje, derechos patrimoniales del Estado y de otras entidades públicas (Comentario a la Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo, Sala de lo Contencioso, Sección Tercera, de 20 diciembre 2017)
Authors: Soriano Hinojosa Álvaro
Published: February 2025

La Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo, Sala de lo Contencioso, de 20 diciembre 2017 resuelve que la Autoridad Portuaria de Vigo no puede someterse a arbitraje frente a una sociedad que estaba que realizaba trabajos propios de una planta de conglomerado asfáltico en terrenos públicos. En particular, niega que el arbitraje pueda cobrar virtualidad cuando estén en juego bienes demaniales, por mucho que existiera un convenio previo en el que la Administración Pública se sometió a un arbitraje de derecho. De pasada, la Sentencia indica las dificultades para que la Administración Pública se someta a arbitraje.
El acuerdo de inversiones EU-China y sus efectos sobre la creación de una corte multilateral de inversiones
Authors: Beneyto José María
Published: February 2025

El nuevo Acuerdo de Inversiones entre la Unión Europea y China favorecerá una mayor reciprocidad entre ambas y dará previsiblemente un nuevo vigor a las inversiones mutuas, claramente deficitarias si lo comparamos con la relación comercial. Puede ser también un instrumento importante para generar reformas estructurales en China. Supone un hito histórico en las relaciones de Europa con China, habiendo conseguido la UE sustanciales avances en términos de acceso al mercado, liberalización y la aplicación de los principios de sostenibilidad, transparencia, así como la aceptación por parte de China de compromisos medioambientales y laborales. Pero, dado el número de excepciones y salvaguardas previstos y las características chinas, mucho dependerá de la ejecución del Acuerdo. Aunque se ha previsto un mecanismo de solución de controversias Estado a Estado, no se ha alcanzado consenso sobre el sistema de tribunal de inversiones para las disputas inversor-Estado que la UE deseaba, siguiendo el modelo del CETA. El artículo analiza el efecto del nuevo Acuerdo sobre el proyecto comunitario de crear una Corte Multilateral de Inversiones y subraya las paradójicas expectativas (geo)políticas asociadas con el arbitraje de inversiones.
¿Enemigos íntimos? El uso del arbitraje de emergencia en los arbitrajes de inversión iniciados bajo tratados
Authors: Mori Bregante Pablo
Published: February 2025

Los Estados y el arbitraje de emergencia («AE») no son, ni deberían ser, enemigos. Los Estados tienen incentivos para utilizar el AE para proteger los intereses de aproximadamente 1,500 empresas estatales alrededor del mundo, de las acciones u omisiones de otros gobiernos extranjeros. Con eso en mente, este artículo explora la historia del uso del AE en arbitrajes de inversión iniciados bajo tratados ante el Instituto de Arbitraje de la Cámara de Comercio de Estocolmo («CCE»), desde el primer arbitraje de emergencia conocido en dicho contexto, Tskinvest c. Moldavia, en 2014. Desde entonces, se han presentado al menos doce solicitudes de AE ante la CCE, existiendo al menos cinco laudos de emergencia públicos, que nos permiten entender el razonamiento de los árbitros de emergencia. Estos laudos también resaltan la importancia de contar con un recurso rápido y adecuado para obtener medidas provisionales que de otro modo no estarían disponibles para los demandantes hasta que se constituya el tribunal arbitral, lo que en los hechos podría tomar hasta quince meses. Existen críticas y preocupaciones válidas respecto al uso del AE en disputas de inversión, entre otras cosas debido al temor de usurpación de los poderes soberanos de un Estado. Sin embargo, diversas solicitudes de emergencia, que buscaban evitar la aplicación de reformas tributarias o liberar a personas físicas que habían sido detenidas luego de un proceso penal local, han sido rechazadas, protegiendo así la soberanía de los Estados. También debe recordarse que las determinaciones jurisdiccionales que toman los árbitros de emergencia son solo prima facie y que los laudos de emergencia son, en el mejor de los casos, solo provisionales y susceptibles de ser revocados una vez constituido el tribunal arbitral. En general, el uso del AE en arbitrajes de inversión parece ser una herramienta útil tanto para inversionistas como para Estados. Por tanto, las partes deberían tener al menos la libertad de elegir si aceptan o no al AE, en lugar de que exista una prohibición general contra dicho tipo de procedimientos en las reglas aplicables.
Entre plazas de toros y centros agrícolas: Breves comentarios sobre el «Caso Cantuarias»
Authors: Tam Pérez José , Olórtegui Huamán Julio
Published: February 2025

A través del presente artículo los autores analizarán los hechos ocurridos en Perú (de carácter público) que fueron materia de análisis en el requerimiento de prisión preventiva que llevó el Tercer Juzgado de Investigación Preparatoria de Corte Especializada en Delitos de Corrupción y que dio comoresultado la privación provisional de libertad del árbitro internacional Fernando Cantuarias Salaverry. Los autores concluyen que la fijación y recepción de honorarios arbitrales y las reuniones con las partes no constituyen, a la luz de la práctica arbitral, irregularidades, demostrándose así la falta de conocimiento y entendimiento del arbitraje, por parte del sistema de justicia ordinaria.
Algunas consideraciones sobre la Regla 41(5) de las Reglas de Arbi traje del CIADI y su impacto en la tramitación del procedimiento
Authors: E. Salinas Quero Celeste
Published: February 2025

Desde su incorporación en 2006 a las Reglas de Arbitraje del CIADI, la Regla 41(5) ha tenido una aplicación relativamente acotada. A la fecha se conocen treinta y cinco casos en los que una excepción preliminar se ha opuesto bajo dicho procedimiento sumario. Entre tales casos, apenas cinco han conducido a la desestimación sumaria de todas las reclamaciones por manifiesta falta de mérito  jurídico. La presente nota describe la tramitación del procedimiento bajo la Regla 41(5), y su impacto en la duración de los arbitrajes en los que la excepción opuesta ha sido rechazada. La nota también comenta el alto estándar que tribunales CIADI han aplicado al examinar si una reclamación carece manifiestamente de mérito jurídico, y el posible impacto que dicho estándar ha tenido en la acotada fase de argumentación escrita y oral en la que se enmarca la Regla 41(5). La nota concluye que, en la práctica, la tramitación de la Regla 41(5) cumple con el formato sumario que se quiso dar a la disposición en 2006. También concluye que, aun cuando la excepción se rechace de lleno, el tribunal se habrá acercado tempranamente a estudiar la disputa; y, aun cuando ella se rechace parcialmente, habrá contribuido a acotar su ámbito.
Validez de las cláusulas de arbitraje en la Ley de Navegación Maríti ma de 2014
Authors: Pérez Font Javier
Published: February 2025

Con el objetivo de blindar a los empresarios españoles frente a las cláusulas queles obligan a arbitrar sus disputas marítimas en el extranjero, la Ley de Navegación Marítima implementa una controvertida regulación proteccionista sobre la validez y transferibilidad de las cláusulas de arbitraje. Distinguiendo entre la regulación de la validez de estas cláusulas y sus efectos frente a terceros, el artículo examina el ámbito de aplicación real de la regulación contenida en la Ley de Navegación Marítima de acuerdo con la Convención de Nueva York.
Soft Mobility Products
Authors: Brezet Han  , Beella Satish
Published: February 2025

Design oriented faculties of the TU Delft today partly gain new knowledge by advanced product development, next to regular research. The “Research by Design” approach enables the answering of research questions that otherwise would be difficult to deal with: in addition to disciplinary problem solution and simulation models, the integration of multiple elements in an advanced, real product design indicates if and under what circumstances user benefits can be realized.
A General Model for Epistemic State Revision using Plausibility Measures
Authors: Ma Jianbing  , Liu Weiru
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present a general revision model on epistemic states based on plausibility measures proposed by Friedman and Halpern. We propose our revision strategy and give some desirable properties, e.g., the reversible and commutative properties. Moreover, we develop a notion called plausibility kinematics and show that our revision strategy follows plausibility kinematics. Furthermore, we prove that the revision following plausibility kinematics satisfies the principle of minimal change based on some distance measures. Finally, we discuss a revision operator defined for plausibility functions and its relationship with iterated belief revision proposed by Darwiche and Pearl. We show that the revision operator satisfies all the DP postulates when it is Max-Additive.
A new Approach for Solving Satisfiability Problems with Qualitative Preferences
Authors: Di Rosa Emanuele  , Giunchiglia Enrico  , Maratea Marco
Published: February 2025

The problem of expressing and solving satisfiability problems (SAT) with qualitative preferences is central in many areas of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. In previous papers, it has been shown that qualitative preferences on literals allow for capturing qualitative/quantitative preferences on literals/formulas; and that an optimal model for a satisfiability problems with qualitative preferences on literals can be computed via a simple modification of the Davis-Logemann-Loveland procedure (DLL): Given a SAT formula, an optimal solution is computed by simply imposing that DLL branches according to the partial order on the preferences. Unfortunately, it is well known that introducing an ordering on the branching heuristic of DLL may cause an exponential degradation in its performances. The experimental analysis reported in these papers hightlights that such degradation can indeed show up in the presence of a significant number of preferences.
Reinforcement Learning with the Use of Costly Features
Authors: Goetschalckx Robby  , Sanner Scott  , Driessens Kurt
Published: February 2025

A common solution approach to reinforcement learning problems with large state spaces (where value functions cannot be represented exactly) is to compute an approximation of the value function in terms of state features. However, little attention has been paid to the cost of computing these state features (e.g., search-based features). To this end, we introduce a cost-sensitive sparse linear-value function approximation algorithm — FOVEA — and demonstrate its performance on an experimental domain with a range of feature costs.
Bayesian Methods for Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Authors: Ghahramani Zoubin
Published: February 2025

Bayesian methods provide a framework for representing and manipulating uncertainty, for learning from noisy data, and for making decisions that maximize expected utility----components which are important to both AI and Machine Learning. However, although Bayesian methods have become more popular in recent years, there remains a good degree of skepticism with respect to taking a fully Bayesian approach. This talk will introduce fundamental topics in Bayesian statistics as they apply to machine learning and AI, and address some misconceptions about Bayesian approaches. I will then discuss some current work on non-parametric Bayesian machine learning, particularly in the area of unsupervised learning.
Designing a multi-modal affective knowledge-based user interface: combining empirical studies
Authors: Virvou Maria  , Tsihrintzis George  , Alepis Efthymios  , Stathopoulou Ioanna-Ourania
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present and discuss three empirical studies that we have conducted involving human subjects and human observers concerning the recognition of emotions from audio-lingual visual-facial and keyboard-evidence modalities. Many researchers agree that these modalities are complementary to each other and that their combination can improve the accuracy in affective user models. However, there is a shortage of research in empirical work concerning the strengths and weaknesses of each modality so that more accurate recognizers can be built. In our research, we have investigated the recognition of emotions with respect to 6 basic emotional states, namely happiness, sadness, surprise, anger and disgust as well as the emotionless state which we refer to as neutral. We have concluded that, in cases where a single modality may be deficient in providing emotion recognition evidence, the recognition process can be supported and complemented by the other modalities.
A CSP Model for Mobile Channels
Authors: Welch Peter H.  , Barnes Frederick R.M.
Published: February 2025

CSP processes have a static view of their environment – a fixed set of events through which they synchronise with each other. In contrast, the π-calculus is based on the dynamic construction of events (channels) and their distribution over pre-existing channels. In this way, process networks can be constructed dynamically with processes acquiring new connectivity. For the construction of complex systems, such as Internet trading and the modeling of living organisms, such capabilities have an obvious attraction. The occam-π multiprocessing language is built upon classical occam, whose design and semantics are founded on CSP. To address the dynamics of complex systems, occam-π extensions enable the movement of channels (and multiway synchronisation barriers) through channels, with constraints in line with previous occam discipline for safe and efficient programming. This paper reconciles these extensions by building a formal (operational) semantics for mobile channels entirely within CSP. These semantics provide two benefits: formal analysis of occam-π systems using mobile channels and formal specification of implementation mechanisms for mobiles used by the occam-π compiler and run-time kernel.
A Critique of JCSP Networking
Authors: Chalmers Kevin  , Kerridge Jon  , Romdhani Imed
Published: February 2025

We present a critical investigation of the current implementation of JCSP Networking, examining in detail the structure and behavior of the current architecture. Information is presented detailing the current architecture and how it operates, and weaknesses in the implementation are raised, particularly when considering resource constrained devices. Experimental work is presented that illustrate memory and computational demand problems and an outline on how to overcome these weaknesses in a new implementation is described. The new implementation is designed to be lighter weight and thus provide a framework more suited for resource constrained devices which are a necessity in the field of ubiquitous computing.
CSPBuilder – CSP based Scientific Workflow Modelling
Authors: Friborg Rune Møllegård  , Vinter Brian
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces a framework for building CSP based applications, targeted for clusters and next generation CPU designs. CPUs are produced with several cores today and every future CPU generation will feature increasingly more cores, resulting in a requirement for concurrency that has not previously been called for. The framework is CSP presented as a scientific workflow model, specialized for scientific computing applications. The purpose of the framework is to enable scientists to exploit large parallel computation resources, which has previously been hard due of the difficulty of concurrent programming using threads and locks.
Planning and SAT
Authors: Rintanen Jussi
Published: February 2025

The planning problem in Artificial Intelligence was the first application of SAT to reasoning about transition systems and a direct precursor to the use of SAT in a number of other applications, including bounded model-checking in computer-aided verification.
Temporal Logic Applied in Information Systems
Authors: Rissino Silvia  , Lambert-Torres Germano  , Martins Helga G.
Published: February 2025

This chapter presents a revision of logic temporal, where the potentialities and used in temporal logic in information systems are presented, mainly what refers to its development. The purpose of this work is to show how Temporal logic is applied to an Information System besides introduction an elementary introduction of Modal Logic, Kripke Semantics, the features of Temporal Logic and it use in some areas of Computer Science.
The Label Based Concurrency Control in XML Databases
Authors: Sikorski Andrzej
Published: February 2025

We propose a label based technique for an effective management of structural locks in XML databases. In particular we consider two types of such locks, acquired by transactions on sets of nodes. These are path locks and range locks – the latter understood as some subset of document's nodes defined by a pair of labels, with the sub-tree lock being a special case of range lock. We put forward algorithms for consolidation of shared locks that define a continuous covering, a way of initial processing simplifying and accelerating the lock manager. Two algorithms for the lock manager are framed with the use of XML labels for both the 2PL protocol and the cooperative one. We also point to some interesting ties between the lock management and the shortest path problem. Our motivation is given in the context of the SEDNA native XML DB isolation rules, however, our technique is useful for most of the fine-granular lock protocols.
On Generic Groups and Related Bilinear Problems
Authors: Lubicz David  , Sirvent Thomas
Published: February 2025

Groups with pairing are now considered as standard building blocks for cryptographic primitives. The security of schemes based on such groups relies on hypotheses related to the discrete logarithm problem. As these hypotheses are not proved, one would like to have some positive security argument for them. It is usual to assess their security in the so called generic group model introduced by Nechaev and Shoup. Over the time, this model has been extended in different directions to cover new features.
Software Implementation of Pairings
Authors: Hankerson Darrel  , Menezes Alfred  , Scott Michael
Published: February 2025

This chapter describes and compares the software implementation of popular elliptic curve pairings on two architectures, of which the Intel Pentium 4 and Core2 are representatives.
Hardware Implementation of Pairings
Authors: Keller Maurice  , Ronan Robert  , Byrne Andrew  , Murphy Colin  , Marnane William
Published: February 2025

In this chapter the efficient hardware implementation of pairings is considered. For each of the three fields,andsuitable curves, pairing algorithms and field arithmetic architectures are presented. An example architecture for computing the ηTpairing in characteristic 2 or 3 is presented and its implementation results on a Xilinx FPGA considered. Finally the implementation results of several pairing architectures from the literature are discussed.
Personalized and On-Demand Retrieval of Parliamentary Proceedings with Social Feedback on Elected Representatives
Authors: Sánchez-Nielsen Elena  , Chávez-Gutiérrez Francisco
Published: February 2025

In order to be part of a modern society, Parliaments must open up to the public in the process of making new laws. The approach presented in this paper is conceptualized as a social system where information and communication technologies can change: (i) the way people interact with their elected representatives in Parliaments, (ii) the way people access to parliamentary proceedings and (iii) the way people subscribe to new parliamentary contents. In this paper, we explore the use of multimedia content delivery technologies, semantic technologies, personalized retrieval of multimedia contents and social feedback in order to present a smart information system for parliamentary proceedings. Currently, this approach is being developed for plenary sessions of the Parliament of the Canary Islands.