bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct observation of electronic bandgap and hot carrier dynamics in GeAs semiconductor
Authors: Zhang Zailan , Zhang Jiuxiang , Zhou Gangqiang , Xu Jiyuan , Michel Ian-Evan , Dappe Yannick , Zhang Xiao , Oughaddou Hamid , Qi Weiyan , Papalazarou Evangelos , Perfetti Luca , Chen Zhesheng , Bendounan Azzedine , Marsi Marino
Published: November 2024

Germanium arsenide (GeAs) is a layered semiconductor with remarkably anisotropic thermoelectric and optical properties and a promising candidate for multifunctional devices based on in-plane polarization dependent response. Understanding the underlying mechanism of such devices requires knowledge of GeAs electronic band structure and of the hot carrier dynamics in its conduction band, whose details are still unclear. In this work, we investigate the properties of occupied and photoexcited states of GeAs, by combining scanning tunneling spectroscopy, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), and time-resolved ARPES. We find that GeAs is an ∼0.8 eV indirect gap semiconductor, for which the conduction band minimum (CBM) is located at the Γ¯ point while the valence band maximum is out of Γ¯. A Stark broadening of the valence band is observed immediately after photoexcitation, which can be attributed to the effects of the electrical field at the surface induced by inhomogeneous screening. Moreover, the hot electron relaxation time of 1.56 ps is down to the CBM, which is dominated by electron–phonon coupling. Besides their relevance for our understanding of GeAs, these findings present general interest for the design of high performance thermoelectric and optoelectronic devices based on 2D semiconductors.
Molecular diffusion in aqueous methanol solutions: The combined influence of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic ends
Authors: Zhu Jianzhuo , Zhang Qian , Ma Liang , Wang Sheng , Ma Ying , Duan Xiangyi , Cao Xiaoyu , Fang Zhihang , Liu Yang , Wei Yong , Feng Chao
Published: November 2024

Although the nonmonotonic variation in the diffusion coefficients of alcohol and water with changing alcohol concentrations in aqueous solutions has been reported for many years, the underlying physical mechanisms remain unclear. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the molecular diffusion mechanisms in aqueous methanol solutions. Our findings reveal that the molecular diffusion is co-influenced by hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic ends of methanol molecules. A stronger hydrogen bond (HB) network and a higher concentration of hydrophobic ends of methanol molecules both enhance molecular correlations, thereby slowing molecular diffusion in the solution. As methanol concentration increases, the HB network weakens, facilitating molecular diffusion. However, the increased concentration of hydrophobic ends counteracts this effect. Consequently, the diffusion coefficients of water and methanol molecules exhibit nonmonotonic changes. Previous studies have only focused on the role of HB networks. For the first time, we have identified the impact of the hydrophobic ends of alcohol on molecular diffusion in aqueous alcohol solutions. Our research contributes to a better understanding and manipulation of the properties of aqueous alcohol solutions and even liquids with complex compositions.
Proton quantal delocalization and H/D translocations in (MeOH)nH+ (n = 2, 3)
Authors: Méndez Emilio , Laria Daniel , Hunt Diego
Published: November 2024

In this study, we present results from path integral molecular dynamics simulations that describe the characteristics of the quantum spatial delocalizations of protons participating in OH bonds in (MeOH)2H+ and in (MeOH)3H+. The characterization was carried out by examining the overall structures of the corresponding isomorphic polymers. To introduce full flexibility in the force treatment, we have adopted a neural network fitting procedure based on second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory predictions. For the dimer case, we found that the spatial extent of the shared connective proton can be portrayed in terms of a prolate-like structure with typical dimensions of ∼0.1 Å. On the other hand, the dangling polymers lie confined within a thin spherical layer, spread over length scales of the order of ∼0.25 Å. In contrast, connective protons in (MeOH)3H+ exhibit larger delocalizations along the O–H bond and more localized ones along perpendicular directions, compared to their dangling counterparts. We also examined the characteristics of the relative propensities of H and D isotopes to be localized in dangling and connective positions. Physical interpretations of the different thermodynamic trends are provided in terms of the local geometrical characteristics and of the strengths of the corresponding intermolecular connectivities.
An insight into the vortex-induced vibration and near-wall vortex evolution of a roughed circular cylinder with truncated conical shape protrusions
Authors: Zhu Hongjun , Li Yingmei , Zhang Wenxiang , Zhou Tongming , Alam Md. Mahbub
Published: November 2024

The vortex-induced vibrations of a roughed circular cylinder with truncated conical shape protrusions to simulate the attachment of barnacles are numerically investigated in this paper. The coverage ratio (CR) of protrusions varies from 0% to 80% with an increment of 20%, and the simulation is conducted in the reduced velocity range of Ur = 1.43–11.00. The numerical results indicate that the boundary layer development of the cylinder is continuously disrupted by the protrusions, generating inter-rib vortices. Five near-wall vortex structures are identified, including the main vortex, merged main vortex, subordinate vortex, inter-rib quasi-stagnation vortex and dynamic inter-rib vortex. The evolution of the near-wall vortex is dependent on both the Ur and CR. As CR grows, the numbers of boundary layer separation and reattachment increase, and the associated points become to be more concentrated on the front surface of the cylinder. The vortex formation length and wake width are closely related to the location of boundary layer separation, significantly influencing the hydrodynamic coefficients. The emergence of merged main vortices leads to an increase in the vortex intensity, thereby affecting the hydrodynamic coefficients. The vibration response of the cylinder with protrusions of CR = 20% is significantly enhanced with the accompany of and broadened lock-in region, which is attributed to the transformation of the vortex shedding mode.
Study on dynamic stall control strategy based on dual synthetic jets
Authors: Gong Jianyu , Peng Wenqiang , Luo Zhenbing , Deng Xiong , Zhou Yan , Wang Yifei , Zhao Zhijie
Published: November 2024

Dynamic stall has always been a key problem restricting the improvement of aircraft maneuverability. In this paper, the application potential of dual synthetic jets (DSJ) technology in dynamic stall control is studied. The influence of different momentum coefficients and action positions on the control effect is analyzed, and the aerodynamic control characteristics and the accompanying flow field evolution are explained. DSJ technology can improve the dynamic stall flow field environment. When the control is continuously applied at a single position throughout the pitching process, leading edge DSJ performs best, the middle DSJ is followed, and trailing edge DSJ only increases the lift during the upstroke process. Based on the above research results, a new dynamic stall control concept—the trade-off control concept is introduced, and three new control strategies, optimal control, trade-off control, and separation control, are proposed. The three control strategies have achieved better effect of increasing lift. For the whole pitching process, the average lift coefficient is increased by 19.72%, 20.98%, and 22.63%, respectively. For the downstroke process, the average lift coefficients of the three control strategies are increased by 45.30%, 48.91% and 54.56%, respectively. Among these strategies, the trade-off control concept achieves the best lift increase in the upstroke process, and the separation control concept is more effective for the control of the whole pitching process.
Identifying the localized feature of 3d itinerant electrons of Fe in the van der Waals room-temperature ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2
Authors: Zhou Liang , Liu Jiawei , Liang Rui , Li Shuilin , Li Ziying , Tang Nujiang
Published: November 2024

The van der Waals itinerant ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2 has recently aroused great attention for the promising in spintronic devices applications. For such applications, the intrinsic magnetic properties such as magnetocrystalline anisotropy and room-temperature Curie temperature play the key role, both of which depend on the localized feature of its itinerant 3d electrons of Fe. Here, we study the localized feature of the itinerant 3d electrons of Fe of Fe5GeTe2. The results of Fe5GeTe2 single crystal show that the inverse susceptibility well fits the Curie–Weiss law above the paramagnetic Curie temperature TΔ ≈ 300 K, and the saturated magnetization follows a spin wave model with a power law of 1.525 below 30 K, both of which identify the strongly localized feature. Furthermore, the Rhodes–Wohlfarth ratio of approximately 2.4 of Fe5GeTe2 is higher than the value of 2.14 of vdW itinerant ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2, implying that the localized extent of the former is slightly lower than the latter.
Investigation of bubble interaction and influence on acoustic signals
Authors: Qi Haoyang , Liu Jingting , Sun Xinyu , Deng Peng , Zhang Deman , Song Yongxing
Published: November 2024

Bubble flow is widely used in various industrial scenarios. Usually, bubbles often do not exist alone, resulting in interactions that affect bubble flow patterns, even the efficiency of mass and heat transfer or the radiation acoustics feature. In this paper, two identical nozzles with adjustable center distance are adopted to study the effect of bubble interaction on bubble flow pattern and acoustic signal. The results show that the interaction of bubbles will change the trajectory of bubbles. When the time interval between the two bubbles is larger, the time domain acoustic signal is more likely to have two obvious peaks. The bubble interaction will weaken the vibration intensity of the bubble, so that the frequency band distribution of the acoustic signal is more uniform, and the peak value is lower. This work is of great value to control bubble flow patterns and to study bubble acoustics for passive acoustic emission technology.
Wave mode observation of hydrogen/oxygen driven rotating detonations in the hollow and annular rotating detonation rocket engine
Authors: Wu Yuwen , Guo Jiaxin , Xu Gao , Ding Chenwei , Li Qun , Jiang Tang , Weng Chunsheng
Published: November 2024

The rotating detonation rocket engine (RDRE) fueled by hydrogen/oxygen propellant represents a promising propulsion technology due to its high thermodynamic efficiency and propellant superior specific impulse. The rotating detonation wave (RDW) must propagate in a specific propagation mode while maintaining the self-sustaining state to ensure stable operation. An experimental system of hydrogen/oxygen fueled RDRE was developed in the present study. The operation of RDRE and propagation mode of RDW were investigated under atmospheric pressure conditions, and both hollow and annular combustors were tested. The high-frequency pressure fluctuations in the RDRE were measured by the dynamic pressure transducer, while a high-speed camera was used to capture images of flame luminescence at the rear end of the RDRE. The experimental results showed that the RDW could be initiated and reached a self-sustaining propagation state with hydrogen/oxygen propellant in the hollow and annular RDRE. A single-wave mode, a two-wave co-rotating mode, and a three-wave co-rotating mode were visualized under different conditions. With the increase in the equivalence ratio, the number of rotating detonation fronts decreased, and the variations in the RDW propagation modes were consistent in the hollow and annular RDRE. However, when the equivalence ratio exceeds 1.2, the propagation velocity decreases sharply in the annular combustor, while in the hollow combustor the RDW propagates stably, revealing a higher upper limit for the equivalence ratio. Also, the dominant frequency distribution was more concentrated in the hollow combustor. The findings provide valuable insight into the variations in detonation modes related to the equivalence ratio and combustor configuration.
Identification and prevention of gas source in goaf: Stable carbon hydrogen isotope tracer method and numerical simulation of gas flow field
Authors: Liu Xuan , Pei Yue , Wu Qixuan , Chang Teng , Wang Yifan
Published: November 2024

Gas disaster in goaf (by goaf, we mean the area behind the working face after coal mining) of coal mine has always been the key research object of mine safety. A large amount of gas will flood into the goaf during coal mining work, and accurate identification of its gas source is of great significance for clarifying the focus of gas prevention and optimizing mine gas control. In this paper, the 28 118 working face of the Tunlan coal mine is taken as the research object, and the distribution characteristics of carbon and hydrogen isotopes in desorption gas of each coal seam are revealed by field sampling and experimental determination. The results show that the main contribution form of gas source is the coal seam and the lower adjacent layer. The COMSOL numerical simulation software was used to study the distribution law of gas concentration in goaf under different extraction parameters of large-diameter boreholes. The optimal borehole spacing of large-diameter borehole technology was determined to be 20 m, the extraction negative pressure was 10 kPa, and the borehole diameter was 550 mm. On this basis, the comprehensive prevention and control technology of gas in goaf with large-diameter borehole and directional long borehole is proposed. Compared with buried pipe extraction, the proportion of gas concentration in goaf and lower adjacent layer is reduced by 41.5% and 40.2%, respectively, and the gas concentration in upper corner is reduced by 46.77%. The comprehensive prevention and control technology inhibits the emission of main gas sources in goaf and effectively reduces the gas concentration in upper corner, which fundamentally prevents the gas accumulation and overrun in working face.
Coupling effect of high temperature steam-liquid nitrogen cyclic treatment on pore iteration and fluid flow behavior in bituminous coal
Authors: Li He , Liao Jiajun , Liu Rui , Hong Yidu , Lu Jiexin , Cao Jieyan
Published: November 2024

Coalbed methane is a clean energy source that helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Its low permeability poses great challenges to low-cost mining and impacts the economic benefits of its development and utilization. High Temperature Steam-Liquid Nitrogen Cyclic Treatment (HLCT) presents a novel, environmentally benign, and efficacious technology, which promotes the iteration of pores in coal through repeated hot and cold cycles. This article used hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance to characterize the change of coal after HLCT at the microscopic level. The evolution trend of internal pores was analyzed based on the T2 spectrum, and the T1-T2 spectrum was plotted to show the distribution of fluids. Nuclear magnetic characteristic parameter variation was examined, and the trends of Ds and De before and after cyclic processing were explored. The results indicate that as the cycle progresses, the number of pores at different scales in the coal increases, the free fluid storage space expands, Specifically, after 15 cycles, permeability improved by 1621.72%, and porosity increased to 29.05%. The Ds of coal decreases with cycles while De is the opposite. This study highlights the potential of HLCT in coalbed methane extraction while providing valuable insights for optimizing coal resource utilization in alignment with clean energy goals.
NASA urged to boost R&D at expense of near-term missions
Authors: McKenzie Lindsay
Published: November 2024

An independent committee says the space agency must urgently rebalance its budget to invest in people, research, and infrastructure.
Photoemission of core-level electrons is caught in the act
Authors: Lopatka Alex
Published: November 2024

Advances in attosecond x-ray physics enable researchers to glimpse unique electron interactions not seen before in the study of valence electrons.
Multistability and unpredictability
Authors: Daza Álvar , Wagemakers Alexandre , Sanjuán Miguel A. F.
Published: November 2024

In numerous physical systems, from tossed coins to black holes, the complexity arising from the coexistence of different outcomes limits our ability to make predictions.
What makes a big cat roar?
Authors: Walsh Edward J. , McGee JoAnn
Published: November 2024

Long, rectangular-shaped vocal folds enable lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars to produce their trademark vocalizations.
Heterogeneity of late endosome/lysosomes shown by multiplexed DNA-PAINT imaging
Authors: Bond Charles , Hugelier Siewert , Xing Jiazheng , Sorokina Elena M. , Lakadamyali Melike
Published: November 2024

Late endosomes/lysosomes (LELs) are crucial for numerous physiological processes and their dysfunction is linked to many diseases. Proteomic analyses have identified hundreds of LEL proteins; however, whether these proteins are uniformly present on each LEL, or if there are cell-type-dependent LEL subpopulations with unique protein compositions is unclear. We employed quantitative, multiplexed DNA-PAINT super-resolution imaging to examine the distribution of seven key LEL proteins (LAMP1, LAMP2, CD63, Cathepsin D, TMEM192, NPC1, and LAMTOR4). While LAMP1, LAMP2, and Cathepsin D were abundant across LELs, marking a common population, most analyzed proteins were associated with specific LEL subpopulations. Our multiplexed imaging approach identified up to eight different LEL subpopulations based on their unique membrane protein composition. Additionally, our analysis of the spatial relationships between these subpopulations and mitochondria revealed a cell-type-specific tendency for NPC1-positive LELs to be closely positioned to mitochondria. Our approach will be broadly applicable to determining organelle heterogeneity with single organelle resolution in many biological contexts.
Myosin-binding protein-H: Not just filler
Authors: Barefield David Y.
Published: November 2024

Decades of research into striated muscle have provided a robust understanding of the structure and function of the sarcomere and its protein constituents. However, a handful of sarcomere proteins remain that have had little to no functional characterization. These are typically proteins that are highly muscle-type specific or are products of alternative start sites or alternative splicing.
Large photoresistance and photoinduced magnetoresistance in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 thin film on silicon substrate
Authors: Mohan Brij , Manral Pooja , Rani Reenu , Malik V K
Published: November 2024

The effects of light illumination and magnetic field on the electrical transport properties of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 thin film on a silicon substrate have been studied in detail. Large value of colossal magnetoresistance has been observed under an applied magnetic field in the whole temperature range below 150 K which is related to the presence of both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic phase in the sample. A significant amount of resistance drop is caused by light illumination even at extremely low light intensities, ∼−22% with light of 0.3 μW cm−2 intensity and ∼−42% with 6.2 μW cm−2 intensity at 600 nm wavelength. There has been a notable rise in the photoinduced magnetoresistance value, specifically, a significant decrease in resistance occurs in simultaneous presence of magnetic field and light. For 1 T applied magnetic field, MR% rises from −33% in dark to −58% under light illumination at 150 K i.e. ΔMR% is 25%. As the strength of the magnetic field increases, ΔMR% decreases, suggesting that the magnetoresistive photoinduced phenomenon is more pronounced in the presence of mix phases in the sample. This combined enhanced magnetoresistive photoinduced phenomenon is explained by the interaction of photogenerated charge carriers in the sample and applied magnetic field.
Oscillation search robust dynamic mode decomposition method and its application in rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Huang Ji , Wang Jinhai , Yang Jianwei , Sun Runtao
Published: November 2024

Mechanical equipment has complex structures and operating environments, where bearing fault signals are frequently affected by harmonic interference from internal components and strong external noise. Therefore, it is a struggle to extract periodic impulse transients of fault signals from strong noise and interference. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an oscillation search robust dynamic mode decomposition (OSRDMD) method. Firstly, to enhance the reconstruction accuracy of the dynamic matrix A, a novel scheme is proposed to select valuable left singular subspaces to reduce large energy interference and noise. Then, to further reduce the interference from non-periodic components, the dominant periodic oscillatory modes of DMD are selected to reconstruct the fault signals. Simulation results demonstrate that OSRDMD consistently and reliably extracts fault frequencies even in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments ranging from −10 dB to −15 dB. Furthermore, in real dataset analysis, the proposed method exhibits superior fault diagnosis accuracy compared to existing decomposition techniques.
Fault diagnosis method for imbalanced samples of blade fracture in large petrochemical fan
Authors: Su Naiquan , Chen Yidian , Liu Yang , Wang Mengyu , Zhang Qinghua , Chang XiaoXiao
Published: November 2024

The mechanism analysis of the sudden change in load inertia caused by the failure of large petrochemical fan blades is unclear, which makes it difficult to diagnose imbalanced samples faults based on data-driven methods and has the problem of poor interpretability. Based on this issue, a fault diagnosis method for imbalanced samples of broken blades in large petrochemical fan under sudden changes in load inertia is proposed. This method firstly establishes a failure mechanism model for large petrochemical fan blades, revealing the physical characteristics between inertia, torque and speed under sudden changes in load inertia. Secondly, based on the failure mechanism model, the fault characteristics of broken blades in petrochemical fan are extracted to solve the problem of difficult feature extraction of fault samples in imbalanced samples. Finally, a data-driven diagnostic model was constructed under the constraint of sudden changes in load inertia to improve the interpretability of fault diagnosis for large petrochemical fan with broken blades. The experiment shows that the proposed method significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness for detecting faults in broken blades of petrochemical fans, achieving a fault diagnosis accuracy of 99.03%.
Intrinsic expansions in large Grashof numbers for the steady states of the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Hoang Luan , Jolly Michael S
Published: November 2024

We enable a theory of intrinsic asymptotic expansions for the steady state solutions of the full Navier–Stokes equations (NSE). Such a theory was first developed in Foias et al (2024 Commun. Pure Appl. Anal.
23 269–303) for Galerkin approximations. To overcome the lack of local compactness in infinite dimensional spaces, we introduce the notion of asymptotic expansions in nested spaces. When the inclusion maps between these spaces are compact, we establish the existence of such an asymptotic expansion for a subsequence of any bounded sequence. This consequently yields an intrinsic asymptotic expansion in a single normed space. We apply this result to the steady states of the NSE by utilizing the spectral fractional Sobolev spaces. In the case of the two-dimensional periodic boundary conditions, more properties relating the terms of the asymptotic expansion are obtained.
Algebraic entropy for hex systems
Authors: Gubbiotti Giorgio , Kels Andrew P , Viallet Claude-M
Published: November 2024

Hex systems were recently introduced (Kels 2022 arxiv: 2205.02720 [math-ph]) as systems of equations defined on two-dimensional honeycomb lattices. We give a definition of algebraic entropy for such systems and use it to check the integrability of specific examples.
Energy distribution of negatively and positively charged ions in a magnetron sputtering discharge with a tungsten cathode and a positively biased anode in an argon/oxygen gas mixture
Authors: Hippler Rainer , Cada Martin , Hubicka Zdenek
Published: November 2024

The energy distribution of negatively and positively charged ions in a magnetron discharge with a positively biased anode is investigated. A tungsten cathode operated in an argon/oxygen gas mixture is employed. The magnetron is operated either in direct current magnetron sputtering or in high power impulse magnetron sputtering mode. Positively charged atomic O+, Ar+, and W+ ions, molecular O

2
+

, ArO+, Ar

2
+

, WO+, WO

2
+

, and WO

3
+

, and doubly charged Ar2+, W2+ and WO2+ ions are observed. Negatively charged O−, O

2
−

, W−, WO−, WO

2
−

, and WO

3
−

ions form inside the plasma volume by electron attachment reactions. In addition, a small part of the negatively charged ions is sputtered directly from the negatively biased cathode and observed at high kinetic energies corresponding to the cathode potential.
Au/Ni/Au as a contact for p-type GaAs
Authors: Jones S O , Bancroft E , Jarvis S P , Hayne M
Published: November 2024

An easy to fabricate ohmic-contact to moderately-doped p-type GaAs has been achieved. The tri-layer Au/Ni/Au contact is deposited by thermal evaporation, followed by rapid thermal annealing in nitrogen atmosphere. A series of annealing times and temperatures are explored to determine the influence of annealing conditions on the low-resistance ohmic contacts. The resulting contacts show more than three orders of magnitude reduction in contact resistance compared to alternative Ti/Au depositions.
The gravitational redshift effect of quantum matter waves passing a binary black hole
Authors: Fu Qiyun , Si Tieyan
Published: November 2024

We simulate the gravitational redshift of quantum matter waves with a long de Broglie wavelength by tracing particle beams along geodesics, when they propagate within the rotation plane of binary black holes. The angular momentum of the binary black hole causes an asymmetric gravitational redshift distribution around the two black holes. The gravitational redshift changes the frequency of quantum matter waves and their wavelength, resulting in the different interference patterns of quantum matter waves with respect to different wavelengths. The interference pattern demonstrates strong contrast intensity and spatial order with respect to different wavelengths and the rotational angle of the binary black hole. A bright semicircular arc emerges from the interference pattern to bridge the two black holes, when they rotate to certain angles, which provides a theoretical understanding on the gravitational lensing effect of quantum matter waves.
Tunneling conductance in ferromagnet/superconductor junctions with time-reversal symmetry breaking
Authors: Hong Li , Yang Xin Jian
Published: November 2024

The tunneling conductance of two kinds of tunnel junctions with time-reversal symmetry breaking, normal metal/insulator/ferromagnetic metal/

d

x

2

−

y

2

+
i
s

-wave superconductor (NM/I/FM/

d

x

2

−

y

2

+
i
s

-wave SC) and NM/I/FM/

d

x

2

−

y

2

+
i

d

x
y

-wave SC, is calculated using the extended Blonder–Tinkham–Klapwijk theoretical method. The ratio of the subdominant s-wave and

d

x
y

-wave components to the dominant

d

x

2

−

y

2

-wave component is expressed by

Δ

s

Δ

D

and

Δ

d

Δ

D

,

respectively. Results show that for NM/I/FM/

d

x

2

−

y

2

+
i
s

-wave SC tunnel junctions, the splitting of the zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP) is obtained and the splitting peaks appear at

e
V

Δ

0

=
±

Δ

s

Δ

D

with eV the applied bias voltage and

Δ

0

the zero temperature energy gap of SC. For NM/I/FM/

d

x

2

−

y

2

+
i

d

x
y

-wave SC tunnel junctions, there are also conductance peaks at

e
V

Δ

0

=
±

Δ

d

Δ

D

,

but the ZBCP does not split. For the two types of tunnel junctions, the completely reversed tunnel conductance spectrum indicates that when the exchange energy in FM is increased to a certain value, the proximity effect transforms the tunnel junctions from the ‘0 state’ to the ‘π state’. The shortening of the transport quasiparticle lifetime can weaken the proximity effect to smooth out the dips and peaks in the tunnel spectrum. This is considered a possible reason that the ZBCP splitting was not observed in some previous experiments. It is expected that these analysis results can serve as a guide for future experiments and the relevant conclusions can be confirmed.
Accurate prediction of essential proteins using ensemble machine learning
Authors: Lu 鲁 Dezhi 德志 , Wu 吴 Hao 淏 , Hou 侯 Yutong 俞彤 , Wu 吴 Yuncheng 云成 , Liu 刘 Yuanyuan 媛媛 , Wang 王 Jinwu 金武
Published: November 2024

Essential proteins are crucial for biological processes and can be identified through both experimental and computational methods. While experimental approaches are highly accurate, they often demand extensive time and resources. To address these challenges, we present a computational ensemble learning framework designed to identify essential proteins more efficiently. Our method begins by using node2vec to transform proteins in the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network into continuous, low-dimensional vectors. We also extract a range of features from protein sequences, including graph-theory-based, information-based, compositional, and physiochemical attributes. Additionally, we leverage deep learning techniques to analyze high-dimensional position-specific scoring matrices (PSSMs) and capture evolutionary information. We then combine these features for classification using various machine learning algorithms. To enhance performance, we integrate the outputs of these algorithms through ensemble methods such as voting, weighted averaging, and stacking. This approach effectively addresses data imbalances and improves both robustness and accuracy. Our ensemble learning framework achieves an AUC of 0.960 and an accuracy of 0.9252, outperforming other computational methods. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in accurately identifying essential proteins and highlight its superior feature extraction capabilities.
Non-disruptive error field measurement in DIII-D low safety factor plasmas and projection to ITER
Authors: Hu Q.M. , Logan N.C. , Paz-Soldan C. , Barr J. , Kim S.K. , Hanson J. , Jiang Y.Z. , Yang S.M. , Bortolon A. , Choi W. , Liu Y.Q. , Park J.-K. , Strait E.J. , Yu Q.
Published: November 2024

Previous experiments in DIII-D (Paz-Soldan et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion
62 126007) introduced a method to identify intrinsic error fields (EFs) in tokamaks with minimal disruption risk by promptly healing driven magnetic islands during the conventional ‘compass scan’. This paper presents recent experimental and numerical advancements in extending this approach to low q
95 plasmas, and projects its applicability to ITER. Non-disruptive EF measurement is achieved at q
95 = 4.5 and 3.9 without any initial EF correction (EFC) by reducing the time between the occurrence of the locked mode (LM) and control action to 10 ms and increasing the density 50%–100%. However, 50% correction of the intrinsic EF is required to achieve island healing at q
95 = 3.2 with 10 ms delay for the control action. Nonlinear two-fluid modeling with the TM1 code reproduces the DIII-D experimental observations, indicating that promptly turning off the 3D coil current reduces both magnetic island width and electromagnetic force, while raising the density increases plasma viscosity, facilitating magnetic island healing. The simulations show that for scenarios with q
95 = 3.2, lowering the control action time to 5 ms will lead to island healing without EFC. TM1 simulations are extended to future ITER scenarios with 5 MA and 7.5 MA plasma currents, predicting the dependence of required density rise on action time and EF amplitude. These simulations indicate that, benefiting from the much longer resistive time, island healing can be successfully achieved in ITER when taking control action 100–500 ms after a LM occurrence.
The Dual Hierarchy of Late Antiquity
Authors: Blachford Kevin
Published: November 2024

The rivalry of Byzantium and Persia was examined by the English scholar Martin Wight as an analogy to the bipolar struggle of the Cold War. Ultimately, Wight concluded that late antiquity consisted of too few actors to be considered as a states system, with nomads and rival empires unable to develop a shared culture that would make an inter-polity society possible. Wight’s state-centric lens, however, overlooked that late antiquity was a suzerain system in which the two sedentary empires of Byzantium and Persia sought to order the world between them and manage the polities of nomadic confederations as barbarians who should be subordinate to the civilized great empires. The Byzantine–Persian rivalry therefore evolved across late antiquity into a dual hierarchical order in which the emperor and shah would rule as the ‘Two Eyes of the World’.
Coming into Contact and the Iranshahr
Authors: Blachford Kevin
Published: November 2024

The Roman empire of the Principate era had believed in a concept of Pax Romana in which Roman expansion was inevitable and Roman domination was the natural order of the world. But when the Romans came up against the Persians, they discovered a rival which could not be overcome and who expressed equal claims to imperial greatness. The two empires both professed ideas of universal empire, but such visions of world order were unenforceable in practice. Each power would therefore claim to rule the civilized world and through their rivalry they would come to see that there were in effect two ‘worlds’.
‘Growing up means adapting’: childhood and adaptation
Authors: Rowe Rebecca , Hunter Madeleine
Published: November 2024

This introduction to the Special Issue on Adaptation and Childhood invites researchers to consider the critical opportunities that thinking with and about childhood can offer the field of adaptation studies. Rather than marking the limits of what is possible, this introduction invites scholars to approach the real and conceptualized child and the challenges they pose to adaptation studies theory and criticism as a site of theoretical and methodological possibility. We begin by examining how the field of children’s literature has navigated the problems posed by conceptualizing the child as audience and explore how such theorizations could aid adaptation studies in navigating its own relationship to audiences. Drawing again on work from key theorists in the field of children’s literary criticism, this introduction concludes by arguing for the child as a key ally in reclaiming adaptation’s ‘might’.
XIII—Reclaiming the Idea of ‘the Human’
Authors: Moody-Adams Michele M
Published: November 2024

Progressive social movements correctly presume that justice demands treating people with humane regard: combining respect for human agency with concern for human vulnerability to suffering. Promoting humane regard is a critical means of acknowledging the moral claims of humanity. Some critics reject the underlying concept of a universal humanity, in virtue of which human beings form a distinct community of reciprocal moral obligation. Critics charge that the concept presumes indefensible dualisms (of mind and body, and humanity and nature); that it wrongly assigns a privileged status to reason; and that it involves an unsupportable belief in human exceptionalism. I argue that we can assert the moral claims of humanity without privileging reason, repudiating nature, or denying that there are many valuable ways to be human. I also defend an account of human moral exceptionalism that does not imply human moral superiority, to show that we can meet morally weighty obligations to humans while affirming morally substantive connections to non-human communities and domains.
Gigantic multilayered vesicle-like hydrogel-bilayer composites
Authors: Horihata Naoto , Gong Jian Ping , Nakajima Tasuku
Published: November 2024

Preparation of large vesicles with high stability is generally difficult. Here, we report the millimeter-scale multilayered vesicle-like hydrogel-bilayer composites with long-term stability through stabilization of the vesicular structure by polymerization of the lipid molecules and gelation of the inner solution. The well-oriented multilayered structure was examined by various methods. Reflecting the multilayered structure, the resulting vesicle-like composites exhibited extremely slow drug release behavior.
Virologic Response and Safety of Ibuzatrelvir, A Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antiviral, in Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Mortezavi Mahta , Sloan Abigail , Singh Ravi Shankar P , Chen Luke F , Kim Jin Hyang , Shojaee Negin , Toussi Sima S , Prybylski John , Baniecki Mary Lynn , Bergman Arthur , Banerjee Anindita , Allerton Charlotte , Alami Negar Niki
Published: November 2024

Background

Despite effective vaccines and treatments for COVID-19, clinical burden persists. An unmet need exists for additional effective agents with safety profiles allowing use across a broad population. Ibuzatrelvir is an orally bioavailable SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor with demonstrated in vitro antiviral activity and low potential for safety concerns, including drug–drug interactions.

Methods

This phase 2b, double-blind, randomized clinical trial enrolled US adults aged 18 to <65 years with symptomatic COVID-19 and no risk factors for severe disease. Participants were randomized 1:1:2:2 to receive 100, 300, or 600 mg ibuzatrelvir or placebo orally twice daily for 5 days. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected on days 1 (baseline), 3, 5, 10, 14, and 21; adverse events (AEs) were recorded through day 33. The primary end point was change in SARS-CoV-2 RNA level (viral load [VL]) from baseline to day 5 among participants with baseline VL ≥4 log10 copies/mL.

Results

Of 240 enrollees, 237 received ≥1 dose; 199 were included in the primary analysis. Placebo-adjusted least squares mean (80% confidence interval) change from baseline in VL (log10 copies/mL) at day 5 was significant across all doses: 100 mg, ‒0.7 (‒1.1 to ‒0.3) log10 copies/mL, P = .02; 300 mg, ‒0.8 (‒1.3 to ‒0.3), P = .01; and 600 mg, ‒1.2 (‒1.5 to ‒0.8), P < .0001. AEs occurred in similar percentages of participants across groups. No deaths from any cause or treatment-related serious AEs occurred through day 33, and no participants reported dysgeusia.

Conclusions

All 3 ibuzatrelvir doses were associated with robust antiviral activity and an acceptable safety profile, supporting continued clinical development.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT05799495.
High Retention and Adherence With Rapid Long-acting Injectable Preexposure Prophylaxis Implementation in an Urban Safety Net Clinic Population
Authors: Spinelli Matthew A , Bisom-Rapp Ezra , Heise Megan J , Camp Christina , Appa Ayesha , Liu Albert Y , Sassaman Kevin , Shiels Mary , Mayorga-Munoz Francis , Chimezie Anthonia , Nguyen Janet , Oskarsson Jon , Gandhi Monica
Published: November 2024

In a low-barrier, long-acting preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) program in a safety net setting, permitting same-day or next-day initiation, 85% of injections were on time, and 6-month retention was 83%, surpassing outcomes from most previously reported oral PrEP studies. With drop-in, wraparound services, similar retention among housing-insecure populations was seen. Long-acting PrEP expansion is urgently needed.
Asymmetric semiochemical-mediated interactions of Monochamus spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and associated bark beetles in Portugal and Canada
Authors: Allison Jeremy D , Guignard Quentin , Ochoa Isabelle , Sousa Edmundo , Bonifacio Luis
Published: November 2024

Some coniferophagous bark and woodboring beetles overlap spatially and temporally in host trees. These larval interactions have been classified as competitive and predatory in favor of the larger and more mobile woodborer larvae. In some bark beetles, larval traits have been reported that facilitate evasion of woodborer larvae. Both bark beetles and woodborers mediate mating on host material with volatile pheromones. Although it is known that some woodborers eavesdrop on bark beetle aggregation pheromones to facilitate host location, it is not known what effect woodborer pheromones have on bark beetles. The pheromone monochamol is used by most Monochamus spp. Dejean and coniferophagous species from this genus co-occur with bark beetles in host tissues. Because of the negative consequences these larval interactions have for bark beetles, we hypothesized that the woodborer pheromone monochamol would inhibit captures of sympatric and synchronic bark beetles to intercept traps baited with their aggregation pheromones and host volatiles. We tested this hypothesis in 2 systems, 1 in Ontario, Canada, and another in Setúbal, Portugal with field trapping experiments. Trap captures of Ips sexdentatus (Boerner) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) (2 bark beetle species captured in Portugal), and Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) (1 bark beetle species captured in Canada) were reduced by the presence of monochamol. These results suggest that an additional evasion mechanism in some bark beetles is the detection of the woodborer pheromone monochamol and subsequent reduced response to aggregation pheromone and host volatiles in the presence of this woodborer pheromone.
Survival, development, and reproduction of Aulacorthum solani (Hemioptera: Aphididae) fed on Persicaria lapathifolia
Authors: Gu Chengxu , Yang Kaice , Tian Yifan , Liu Dailin , Tian Zhenqi , Liu Jian
Published: November 2024

The foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), is a polyphagous economic pest. In this study, A. solani were fed on detached leaves of dockleaf knotweed, Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre. Survival, development, and reproduction were studied at constant temperatures of 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, and 32 °C. These data were compared with those of controls fed on Glycines max (L.) Merrill. At 17, 20, 23, and 26 °C, the survival rate of A. solani adults fed on P. lapathifolia were lower than those fed on G. max; the adult longevity, aphid total longevity, and reproduction period were shorter. At 20, 23, and 26 °C, the adult fecundity, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, and net reproductive rate of A. solani fed on P. lapathifolia were smaller than those fed on G. max. At 29 °C, the survival rate of A. solani adults fed on P. lapathifolia were higher than those fed on G. max; the adult longevity and aphid total longevity were longer. These results are consistent with our finding that A. solani feed on P. lapathifolia, which is important for studying the host adaptability of A. solani.
Aortic arch replacement in patients with previous repair of acute aortic dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sef Davorin , Thet Myat Soe , Acharya Metesh , Tyson Nathan , Hadjinikolaou Leonidas , Mariscalco Giovanni , Oo Aung , Benedetto Umberto , Luthra Suvitesh
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES

Despite the popularity of the frozen elephant technique procedure in recent years, evidence is scarce regarding its utilization for aortic arch replacement following previous acute aortic dissection repair. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to analyse clinical outcomes of aortic arch replacement in patients with previous repair of acute aortic dissection.

METHODS

A systematic literature search on PubMed, MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science until March 2024 was performed for studies on open aortic arch replacement with or without frozen elephant technique procedure in adult patients after previous acute aortic dissection repair. Early and late postoperative mortality were primary, while postoperative complications were secondary outcomes of interest. Additionally, a meta-analysis was performed to pool the early and late postoperative mortality.

RESULTS

A total of 574 studies were identified, of which 9 studies including a total of 677 patients met the eligibility criteria. In-hospital or 30-day postoperative mortality and stroke were 0–17.5% and 0–7.7%, respectively. Duration of follow-up across all studies varied from 1.1 to 5.1 years. All-cause late mortality rate ranges from 5.9% to 30.5%. Aortic reintervention rate was 4.8–38.7%. The pooled early and late mortality rate were 8.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.7–13%; I2 = 52%] and 24.9% (95% CI 19.5–31.1%; I2 = 54%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Current evidence suggest that relatively younger patients with chronic post-dissection aneurysm or residual aortic dissection after acute aortic dissection repair can undergo an aortic arch replacement by a dedicated aortic team with acceptable mortality risk. However, postoperative neurological deficit remains an issue.
Changes in perceived neighborhood social cohesion and self-assessed health: 17-year follow-up of the Dutch GLOBE study
Authors: Cail Vernon , Oude Groeniger Joost , Beenackers Mariëlle A , van Lenthe Frank J
Published: November 2024

Prior research has indicated that residents who perceive their neighborhood as more cohesive have better mental and physical health than those with lower perceived neighborhood social cohesion. However, because most studies are based on cross-sectional data, it remains unclear whether improving the perceptions of social cohesion leads to better health over time. This study applied random effects within-between models to examine the within-individual and between-individual associations of perceived neighborhood social cohesion and poor self-assessed health (SAH) in a cohort of Dutch adults with 17-year follow-up. We also tested whether such associations varied by age, educational level, and gender. The results of pooled analyses indicated that higher perceived neighborhood social cohesion was associated with better SAH [odds ratio (OR): 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65, 0.80], but did not find conclusive evidence that within-individual changes in perceived neighborhood social cohesion were associated with SAH (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.04). We also did not observe any moderating effects for age, educational level, or gender. This study provides some evidence that improving social cohesion in neighborhoods may be a beneficial health promotion strategy.