bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of the Wake Effect of a H-Type Wind Turbine on Downstream Wind Turbine
Authors: Zuo Wei , Kang Shun
Published: March 2015

The unsteady wake effect of upstream wind turbine on the aerodynamic performance of downstream wind turbine is investigated using CFD simulations in this paper with two two-dimensional models of H-type wind turbine of three same blades. Dynamic grids based on the inertial coordinate system are employed and the SST turbulence model is used for turbulence modeling. The wind speed is 5.07 m/s and the tip speed ratio is 2.15. The distance between upstream and downstream wind turbine is 5D, 7D, 9D, 11D, 13D, 15D and 17D (D denotes the diameter of the wind turbine). The power coefficient of upstream and downstream wind turbine is comparative analyzed. The variation of the tangential force coefficient of single blade with azimuth and the velocity distribution of different locations of the wind turbine wake are discussed in detail with the distance between upstream and downstream wind turbine of 7D and 15D. In addition, two-dimensional unsteady viscous flow field through velocity contours in one circle is presented.
Generation Expansion Planning and Evaluation in the Context of Microgrids Using HOMER
Authors: Waqar Asad , Wang Shao Rong , Shi Xiao Han , Zheng Xue Jun , Salih Hasan Wahhab , Khalid Muhammad Shoaib
Published: March 2015

The present paper investigates the generation expansion planning in the context of microgrids. A microgrid consisting of micro hydro turbine, PV array, biomass generator, diesel generator and batteries is integrated to a distribution grid. The microgrid is aimed to dispatch the load demand and transmit the extra power into the grid. The expansion planning is carried out with different sizes of the distributed generation sources. The dispatch strategy is decided by the optimization algorithm with objective function of minimizing the overall costs subject to constraints on minimum reserve margin, maximum fuel threshold and maximum environmental emissions. The optimization is realized using HOMER. The evaluation results show that the planned system is both technically and economically viable even in the presence of constraints.
Research on Application and Improvement Measure of Evaluation on Medium Voltage Distribution Network
Authors: Huang Wei , Ma Jian Wei , Jiao Lian Yao , Cheng Xian
Published: March 2015

The evaluation of distribution network projects mainly rely on manual evaluation, with a heavy workload and high blindness that it cannot accurately reflect the effect of project, and yet cannot satisfy the needs of the development of the distribution network. With the automated development of distribution network, the total amount of data that can be acquired is constantly improve and perfect, which made it possible to apply computer aided software on the post evaluation. In this paper, it first introducing the comprehensive evaluation and analysis software into the post evaluation into distribution network projects, then put forwards the method of combining manual evaluation and computer aided software to reflect the effect of project construction, finally, analyses one project as a detailed example.
Research on Hierarchical Evaluation Index System of Intelligent Level in Smart Distribution Grid
Authors: Wei Ze  Chen , Zhao Feng Zha , Meng Xiao Li , Song Xiao Hui , Ye Zhi Jun , Sheng Ye
Published: March 2015

Scientific and normative evaluation index system of smart distribution grid can provide effective guidance and advice for planning and construction of smart distribution grid. Based on the level and target of smart distribution grid construction, combining with the current situation and the development of smart distribution grid in China, this paper built a preliminary framework of evaluation index system of distribution grid intelligent level by hierarchical method, the system contains base layer, measurement and control network layer, management layer and effect layer. The key and new indicators are defined for each layer. We can estimate the distribution grid intelligent level objectively and comprehensively, and a reference for improvement and development of smart distribution grid will be provided with the help of this evaluation index system.
Online Safety Control Decision-Making Optimization Based on Operation Risk of Grid
Authors: Yang Jun , Li Yang , Sun Qiu Ye , Wang Zhi Liang
Published: March 2015

This paper put forward the online safety control decision-making optimization based on operation risk of the grid. The method emphasized on combining with the present situation of the application of the three-defense-line by risk classification. Then new preventive control model based on risk is presented, and the effect to emergency control and corrective control is considered.
One Operational Method for Offshore Wind Speeds Retrieval from SAR Image
Authors: Fan Xu Yan , Chen Peng , Fan Kai Guo , Tang Zhong
Published: March 2015

The high resolution offshore wind speeds retrieval from SAR image is of great signification in the field of offshore wind energy estimation. In this paper, one operational method for offshore wind speeds retrieval from SAR image is conducted. Taking one scene ENVISAT ASAR image as a case study, the offshore wind speeds is operational retrieved combing with the NCEP/QSCAT blended sea surface wind directions. The retrieved wind speeds are compared with those from both the NCEP/QSCAT blended sea surface wind speeds and daily averaged Quick Scatter meter sea surface wind speeds. The results show that they are in good agreement. The root mean square errors of wind speed are 1.9 m/s and 1.6 m/s respectively, which show that the operational method for offshore wind speeds retrieval from SAR is available and give the orientation of SAR offshore sea surface wind energy business application in the future.
A Method for Combustion Calculation Based on Proximate Analysis and Net Calorific Value of Coal
Authors: Chen Bao Kui , Sun Feng Zhong
Published: March 2015

For the combustion calculation of coal fired boiler, a new concept of oxygen consumption for combustible material was proposed which was different from the traditional oxygen consumption for elements. A mathematical model was developed for the combustion calculation. The calculation formulas of theoretical air and flue gas volume were established through reasonable hypothesis and simplification, which were based on proximate analysis and net calorific value of coal. In contrast to the results of the elemental analysis for the 15 different kinds of coals which are typical in China, the average relative error of formulas is lower than 2%, the biggest relative error is 7.11%, which can be used for the control over boiler operation, testing and debugging, and calculation of heat transfer.
Analysis of the Sintered Porous Brick Wall Insulation Performance Using Different Ways Masonry
Authors: Liu Jian Long , Xie Jie Nan , Liu Peng , Huang Mu Ye
Published: March 2015

Through the three-dimensional heat transfers numerical simulation of eight kinds with the different number of holes, void ratio and arrangement of sintered shale porous brick (size: 240mm×190mm×90mm), which simulate the sintered porous brick under two different laying way that is 240mm wall and 190mm wall of equivalent thermal conductivity. The result shows: the same kind of porous brick as 240mm wall and 190mm wall, when the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient has phased difference that the wall insulation effect is obviously different. Through the analysis of two different methods of the masonry wall thermal insulation performance of the influence by different reasons, targeted to put forward some suggestions in order to improve calorific performance of the wall.
Causes of Architect’s “Absence” in Green Building Practices
Authors: Xu Jin , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2015

Beginning from an analysis of the green building evaluation and labeling projects reviewed, this paper has a comprehensive analysis on the low content of green design and obvious “absence” of architects in the majority of evaluation and labeling projects by use of the theories of green architecture and economics. The author holds that such “absence” is originated from the external economy and technical complexity of green buildings and attributes the causes to two aspects: First, there is no sound and effective incentive mechanism in the environment in which the architects are, especially the lack of professional identity and motivation of green design in architectural design appraisal, award and review criteria; Second, architects are less self-motivated, mentally backward and poor in comprehensive quality. Targeted measures are expected to advance the concept changes in the architectural education community, promote architects to transform thinking and enhance capacity and boost the “green” development of green buildings.
Psychrophilic Carbonic Anhydrase Producing Bacteria for Screening and Optimizing the Enzyme Production
Authors: Zhang Wen Jing , Li Qiong Fang , He Xin , Dai Qun Wei , Zhang Wei , Wang Jian Ping
Published: March 2015

Carbonic anhydrase(CA)has a catalytic effect on calcium carbonate (CaCO3) deposition, and can also control the deposition of CaCO3. Screening strains that can produce carbonic anhydrase can solve the microbial CA from the natural environment in the role of CaCO3deposition. Through the single and orthogonal test, the present paper focused on temperature, pH value, culture time and inoculation of 4 factors to optimally culture the psychrotrophic strains, which could produce CA by independent screening from Huanglong of cold calcified water, in order to get high yield of CA psychrophilic strains. The results showed that the optimal condition of the 15-33 strains producing enzyme was temperature 15 °C?, incubation time 12 h, pH 6.0, and inoculation 2.0 mL. The 18-10 strains,was temperature 15 °C?, incubation time 24 h, pH 6.5, and qinoculation 2.0 mL.
The Effects of Climate Change on the Distribution of Snub-Nosed Monkey in China
Authors: Hu Xiao Yan , Liu Fang , Jiang Ying , Xue Da Yuan
Published: March 2015

Study on effects of climate change on species is very popular and necessary at present. This paper investigated the effects of climate change on the distribution of snub-nosed monkey in China using Arcgis and Maxent model. It compared the historical and modern distribution of snub-nosed monkey in China, and evaluated the effects of climate change on Rhinopithecus bieti to explore effects on the distribution of snub-nosed monkey, so as to protect them. Results indicate that the distribution range of snub-nosed monkey has decreased greatly from the previous 17 to 8 provinces. The distribution trends are from north to south, east to west, dense to sparse and form several isolated distribution areas. Moreover, six precipitation variables are identified as having remarkable effects on the habitat suitability of Rhinopithecus bieti and therefore protective actions can be taken accordingly.
Analysis on Phytoplankton Community Diversity in Xingkai Lake
Authors: Liu Shi Bo , Zhou Xu Shen , Meng Xian Zhi , Zhang Jing Bo , Lin Chao
Published: March 2015

The phytoplankton community were investigated at Xingkai Lake in July and August 2011. The results showed that there were 31 species belonging to 5 phylum of phytoplankton in Xingkai Lake. In the detect, 10 species (32.29%) of Cholorophyta was found. Cell density in Dangbi town and Lake center was 1.592×106ind./L and 1.562×106ind./L respectively. Cell density of Cyanophyta was the highest, and the dominant species were Merismopedia tenuissim, Anabaena sphaerica and Phormidium anomala . Shannon-Wiener index of samples in the two places were 2.85 and 2.86 respectively, and Margalef index were 1.59 and 1.27 respectively. It showed that the type of water was mesosaprobic-heavy pollution type, and we should pay attention to the water pollution.
Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Underground Water in Mining Area of Nandan County
Authors: Ban Mei Ling , Guo Shi Qi , Yu Rong , Huang Rui Zhi
Published: March 2015

Guangxi Nandan county is a typical karst geological area, groundwater is rich, rich Tibetan non-ferrous metals. In order to study the risk of groundwater pollution on human health in mining area of Nandan County, base on the investigation and monitoring, The results of groundwater environment risk assessment of mine area of Nandan County show that water environmental health risk of No.5 belong to the minimum level, No.1, No. 2, No.3 and No.7 of four monitoring points is low risk,No.4 and No.6 for medium risk, No.8 as high risk.The health risk average value caused by toxic substances to individual person per year is 4.76×10-5a-1, which is less than the maximum acceptable level5×10-5a-1recommended by ICRP. The groundwater environmental health risks, mainly comes from chemical carcinogens arsenic (As), accounted for the average health risk (Rt) 99.998%,non carcinogenic health risk accounted for only 0.002%, almost negligible, therefore,stricter governing of chemical carcinogens is an effective way to reduce the health risk of groundwater pollution in mining area of Nandan County.
Hazard Assessment for Japanese Abandoned Chemical Weapons Destruction Based on Local-Scale Atmospheric Dispersion Simulation
Authors: Huang Shun Xiang , Yang Wei Di , Zhou Jia Yin , Yang Yue Qiao
Published: March 2015

The local-scale atmospheric dispersion model with complex conditions based on the 3D boundary layer model for atmospheric dispersion over complex terrain was developed, and coupled the urban canopy model of Peking University. The comparing results of fields experiment and numerical simulation revealed that the relative errors on hazard depth were 5.7% and 7.4% respectively at two threshold doses. A series of studies were completed on numerical simulation under the various conditions. The dispersion of pollutants influenced by complex terrains, buildings and non-uniform underlying surface were simulated. The numerical simulation results revealed that the chemical hazard depth was distributed from 60m to 772m for the Haerbaling Japanese Abandoned Chemical Weapons destruction.
Study on the Health Risk Assessment for Typical Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites and Remediation Target Values
Authors: Liu Zhi Chao , Gao Liang Min , Liu Ning , Zhang Xiao Xiao , Chen Li Li
Published: March 2015

Certain heavy metal contaminated site is taken as the example to determine whether the four pollutants, namely As, Cr, Cr (VI) and Ni, exceed the screen levels of soil pollutants for health risk assessment of residential lands specified in Screening Levels for Soil Environmental Risk Assessment of Sites (DB11/T 811-2011) through sampling analysis. In allusion to the main exposure pathway of sensitive population, RBCA model is adopted to assess the health risk of this site, and the results show that the carcinogenic risks of Cr (VI) and As in the three layers of tested sample soils both exceed 10-6 with Cr (VI) and Ni in the first and second layers have larger non-carcinogenic quotient. At last, 10-6 and 1 are regarded as acceptable risk levels, then the RBCA model is used to adversely deduce the pollution remediation target values of the site, and the calculated results are compared with Grade A standards specified in the Assessment Standards for Soil Environmental Quality of Exhibition Lands (Provisional) (HJ350-2007). Then the background values of local soil environment for correction and finally the relatively rational soil pollution remediation target values have been obtained: Cr (VI): 2mg•kg-1, As: 20mg•kg-1, Ni: 50mg•kg-1, Cr: 190 mg•kg-1.
Analysis of Radio Frequency Risks in Flammable and Explosive Environments
Authors: Wang Wen Bin , Jiang Hui Ling , Zhang Yong Ping
Published: March 2015

In this paper, the mechanism of radio frequency (RF) causing fire and explosion directly and indirectly was recommended, studies of RF risks in flammable and explosive environments were summarized, some problems in RF risk researches recently were discussed, study prospects of RF risks in flammable and explosive environments were analyzed. The fact that the mechanisms and conditions of RF igniting combustible gases should be researched by more deeply theories and technological means, and that RF security standards should be laid down and a complete and precise RF security assessment system should be established in flammable and explosive environments was put forward.
Numerical Analysis of Diffusion of Leaked UDMH on a Cliff
Authors: Chen Jia Zhao , Wang Xue Ren , Zhang Yu Xiang
Published: March 2015

Built-in VOF model and k-ε turbulence model in Fluent were used to simulate the evaporation and diffusion of the pool formed by leaked UDMH on a cliff. Different situations in three wind speeds were calculated, and the diffusion mode and concentration distribution law were analyzed. The results show that there is a large poisoned area formed on the cliff, and people under the cliff should escape to upwind immediately and the emergency personnel should access the accident spot along the back of the cliff.
An Improved Method for Measuring AOD Using Field Spectrometer
Authors: Ma Yu Juan , Chen Yan Long , Yang Jian Hong , Wang Lin , Feng Qian
Published: March 2015

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) was an important parameter of the aerosol monitoring. This study had proposed an improved method for measuring AOD using field spectrometer, which included a basic algorithm and a correction model together. By using this method, the AOD observed by field spectrometer kept quite consistent with those observed by sun photometer. The RMS of AOD observed by field spectrometer was less than 0.05 which met the precision requirement of the WMO. Besides, this method did not need long time to operate the instrument, and had no strict requirement for platform stability. So the improved method could be used to measure marine aerosols more accurately and handily, and it belonged to contribution for marine remote sensing technology.
Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Biological Samples by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography
Authors: Liu Yong Li , Ping Xian Yin
Published: March 2015

Based on headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) procedure coupled with gas chromatography, a method for determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in biological samples was developed. The optimization of factors influencing the performances of SPME was studied in detail. To perform the HS-SPME polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polydimethylsiloxane-divinyl benzene (PDMS-DVB) and polyacrylate (PA) fibers were compared on the basis of their absorption capacities for the selected compounds, and PDMS-DVB fiber was selected. The influence of various parameters on PCBs extraction efficiency by HS-SPME was studied using GC-electron capture detector (ECD). The linear range of most compounds was found to be between 1 and 100 μgL−1 and the limits of detection were between 20.1 and 42.3 ngL−1. The reproducibility of the method (n = 6), expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was between 4.63 and 9.71%. Finally, the optimization of method was applied to determine selected PCBs in biological samples.
Control Strategies for Enhancement of Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste
Authors: Song Xiao , Han Meng , Gao Qing Feng , Yang Guo Qing , Qi Yi , Teng Gang , Yin Feng Chao , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2015

Food waste management has become an important issue from the environmental, economic, and social points of view due to the fast increase of food waste production and serious environmental pollution. Food waste is considered to be an attractive feedstock of anaerobic digestion and has attracted worldwide attention because of its good biodegradability and high methane production potential. However, in practice, anaerobic digestion system of food waste often shows poor performance and stability, which greatly limited the development of anaerobic digestion process of food waste. In order to obtain high treatment efficiency and satisfactory methane yield, many researchers employed various control strategies for anaerobic digestion of food waste including pretreatment, additive agent addition, two-phase anaerobic digestion, and anaerobic co-digestion. Therefore, this article is intended to review the control strategies for anaerobic digestion process that have been developed for methane production from food waste.
Feasibility Study on Membrane Technology for Ship Oil-Water Separation in China
Authors: Cai Ou Chen , Chen Jun Feng , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2015

The case study of membrane technology applied in oily water treatment in petrochemical industry demonstrated that it is also technically feasible in ship oil-water separation in China. Based on the analysis of the membrane technological parameter selection, a practical ship oil-water separator has been designed, which consists of two-stage devices, a preliminary treatment device and a membrane filtration device for advanced treatment. The pore size and the hydrophilicity of the membrane should be decided by the influent oil content; the operating temperature could be the influent temperature; the TMP should be controlled at 0.1-0.2 MPa; the influent oil concentration and flux should be modified by the preliminary treatment device so they are appropriate for the membrane filtration device.
Influence of Turning on Physicochemical Properties and Odor Emission during Composting
Authors: Shen Yu Jun , Hou Yue Qing , Zhao Li Xin , Meng Hai Bo
Published: March 2015

In order to study the impact of turning on physicochemical properties, oxygen supply and odor emission during composting, the physicochemical properties, oxygen, odor and volatile organic compounds concentrations before and after turning were investigated. Results showed that turning can accelerate the temperature, density and moisture decrease. Among the four times turning, the first turning influnenced pile temperature, porosity and odor emission deepest which the temperature and density decreased 16.9% and 22.2% respectively after turning than before, while the NH3 and VOCs emission were higher than 115% and 150% respectively than before. However, the forth turning effected moisture change deepest which decreased 6% than before. The other turings didn’t effect pile parameters significantly. Considering energy saving and parameter changes, it’s suggested to reduce the turning frequency. Moeover, proper measures should be adopted to controll odor spread during first turning.
Simple Analysis Solar Solid Adsorption Refrigeration in the Application of Central Air Conditioning
Authors: Liu Jia Xing , Ji Xu , Li Ming , Song Xiang Bo , Zhang Qi Chao
Published: March 2015

Advantage of solid adsorption refrigeration is environmental protection, energy saving, simple structure, no noise and the advantages of stable and reliable operation, the use of solar energy driven refrigeration is an energy-saving environmental protection technology, it can effectively reduce the huge energy consumption and environmental pollution due to the burning of fossil energy resources. This article introduces the general situation of development of solar adsorption refrigeration, puts forward the research progress and application prospect of the solar energy air conditioning system.
Isolation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria from the Liaohe Estuary at Cold Climate
Authors: Guo Ping , Lin Jian Guo , Cao Bin Xia , Ta Na
Published: March 2015

Two cold-tolerant petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria strain named CHD1 and CHD2 were isolated from oil-contaminated soil at cold climate. The isolated strains were able use diesel oil as sole carbon. The petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rate was analyzed using UV-spectrometry-based methods. The results showed that the diesel oil degradation rate of CHD1 and CHD2 were 22% and 25%, respectively.
Microwave-Induced Catalytic Removal of Hazardous Gases
Authors: Zhou Huan , Cheng Zhen Xing , Wang Nan , Zhang Hong Peng , Tang Hua Min
Published: March 2015

A microwave-induced catalytic removal device was designed and set up for studying removal of hazardous or toxic gas from contaminated air. Catalytic oxidative Removal ratios of several hazardous gases of VOCs, CO and H2under microwave field were tested. Results suggested that structure of hazardous gas and catalyst type were main factors affecting the removal efficiency of hazardous gas. Oxidative catalyst contributed to removal of reductive gas. In addition, the flow rate also affected the removal efficiency.
Optimization of Immobilized Microorganisms Technology to Cr (VI) in Wastewater
Authors: Xu Yan , Chen Xiao Ming , Wang Chao , Ruan Chen , Liu Xiao Ling , Song Shou
Published: March 2015

In order to establish a low cost and high efficiency immobilized microorganism system to treat Cr (VI) wastewater, the effects to removal capacity to Cr (VI) of microbe strain, additives and medium were investigated. These strains were immobilized with SA (sodium alginate) by immobilized microorganism technology combined with three additives CNTs (carbon nanotubes), activated carbon, straw and nutrient source, respectively. The results showed that three kinds of additives could improve the removal effect to Cr (VI), and the removal rate up to 30% when Cr (VI) concentration was 10mg/L. There was not a significant difference among these additives. The solution contains 40% medium could significantly improve the removal capacity to Cr (VI). The removal rate could reach more than 98% when Cr (VI) concentrations were 10mg/L-20mg/L. Therefore, efficient strains, additives and medium could improve the removal capacity to Cr (VI) of immobilized microorganism technology. It can be widely used in chromium contaminated wastewater.
Simulation Assessment of Dangerous Consequence Caused by Toxic Gas Products during KCN Decontamination Process
Authors: Cai Ya Wei , Tang Hua Min , Wang Xin Gang , Wang Lian Yuan , Zhu Hai Yan
Published: March 2015

Chlorine-based or per-oxygen-based decontaminants could be used for destruction of cyanide ion in the emergency management of leakage. During destruction, poisonous gases like ClCN and HCN were often produced. It may lead to serious damage for personal safety and quality of environment. In this study, the amount of gaseous products of ClCN and HCN during destruction of KCN by hypochlorite solutions and peroxyl acid were first measured. And quantitative risks assessments correspond to different damage criterions were established. Results showed that toxic HCN gas would form once KCN aqueous exposed to atmosphere. And different decontaminants would result in different hazardous gasses. Chlorine-based decontaminants reacted with KCN would cause toxic gas of ClCN, and it lead to relatively larger depth of damage. It would cause medial lethal depth of damage under certain conditions, such as higher concentration of decontaminant, lower flow speed, higher temperature and large volume of KCN being destructed. For per-oxygen-based decontaminants, toxic HCN gas produced would cause relatively smaller depth of damage.
Study on the Illumination Characteristics of Solar Photovoltaic Battery
Authors: Liu Zhen Yong , Sun Jian Qi , Ma Zhi Chun
Published: March 2015

Effects of solar panels must be taken into account by the light intensity of its output characteristics in practical application, especially solar panels placed outdoor. So the light intensity coefficient is an important parameter to be considered. In this paper,we took the light intensity characteristics of single crystal silicon solar cell as the research object. Also,through transforming the illumination intensity which are 777.60W/m2,996.97 W/m2 and 1224.88 W/m2, we would finish researching the characteristics of the cell sheet, which included battery plate volt ampere characteristic, open circuit voltage, short circuit current and maximum output power. Also, we’ve got the relationship of Uoc-T, Isc-T and Pm-T, respectively and Put forward the better intensity theory. It would lay a solid foundation of practice for the further study on how to improve the rate of light conversion.
Study on the Treatment of Ammonia-Nitrogen Wastewater by Oxidization Methods
Authors: Hao Lin , Chen Yu , Cui Xue
Published: March 2015

NaClO is chosen as the best oxygen among Ca (ClO)2 and ClO2.The best experimental factors were achieved through the single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, according to these factors, the actual wastewater project was verified. The results showed that the removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen was above 90% when the matter amounts rate was 2:7, pH=9 and the react time was 60min. Considering the operation cost, the best reaction parameters were that the matter amounts rate was 2:3, pH=7 and the react time was 30min in the actual wastewater project.
The Example of High Salinity Coking Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse Project
Authors: Huang Qi , Gao Chao , Li Huan Huan , Yuan Yi Fan , Hu Feng Ping
Published: March 2015

The high salinity coking wastewater is a poor biodegradability, extremely complex composition and refractory industrial wastewater after biochemical treatment, which is difficult to achieve reuse standards by conventional processing method. A coking plant used advanced treatment (micro-electrolysis, Fenton) and desalination (electrodialysis, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis) to treat coking wastewater after biochemical treatment. The effluent quality achieved stability and better than the required quality indicators of reclaimed water of “Code for design of industrial recirculation cooling water treatment” (GB50050-2007). The concentrated water was sent to mining company to comprehensive utilization, which achieved near zero emissions.
The Progress of Deacidification Technologies of Paper Documents in China and Abroad
Authors: Ge Huai Dong
Published: March 2015

Paper acidification has become a serious problem in the world and deacidification is an effective way to extend the life of the paper documents. This essay introduced the acidification of the paper documents and the regular methods of deacidification at present. It surveyed the deacidification technologies in Europe and America countries and the progress of decacidification research programs in China, and then proposed the opinions on R&D and promotion of paper document acidification technology in China.
Using Fly Ash to Preparare Polysilicate Aluminum Ferric Flocculant and Treating Coal Slurry
Authors: Yang Jian Li , Du Mei Li , Li Gang
Published: March 2015

Solid waste resource utilization is a important way for sustainable economic development, environmental and ecological protection. Using adsorption and flocculation characteristics of fly ash to preparare fly ash-based inorganic flocculant and use it for treating slime water, make waste fly ash into treasure, not only solve environmental problems, but also has very important theoretical significance and application value.In this study, we use Na2CO3 melt to improve acid-soluble activity of fly ash, extract ideally the aluminum and iron silicon as active ingredients in the fly ash. On the basis of the solubilization experiment, we design orthogonal experiment about larger impact several factors on the the flocculant preparation of process: silicon and aluminum element ratio, silicon iron element ratio and curing temperature, the orthogonal experiment results show that the best optimum process conditions is: Si: Al (mole ratio) is 1:0.5, Si: Fe (molar ratio) is 1:0.5, curing temperature is 60°C, curing time is 2 hours. Finally, we use poly silicate aluminum iron flocculants prepared to do flocculation test on slime water, determine the best flocculation conditions is: when we treat slime water which concentration is 8g/L and volume is 250mL, the optimum dosage of polysilicate aluminum iron is 1.3mL, the transmittance gets to 74.2%, the flocculation effect is the best.
Preparation of Au/MnOx Catalyst and its Catalytic Performance for CO Oxidation
Authors: Xu Jia Yu , Zhang Hong Peng , Yan Chun Xiao , Zhou Chao Hua , Ma Wen He , Ma Lan , Yang Yang
Published: March 2015

In recent years, with the aggravating of environmental pollution, the purification of carbon monoxide is currently a subject of interest. The catalytic oxidation method is an effective way. Manganese oxide nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion self-assembly method and then, synthetic and commercial manganese oxide-supported gold nanoparticle catalysts were successfully synthesized by the deposition-precipitation (DP) method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, Raman, BET, ICP and HRTEM. The activity of the oxide and oxide-supported gold nanoparticle catalysts were evaluated on the fixed bed microreactor and Au/MnOx had the highest activity. The intrinsic activity of Au/MnOx at 35 °C is 0.81 molCO·mol-1Au·min-1. Compared with O2, CO concentration has bigger effect on the reaction activity.
Study on Preparation and Decontamination Properties of Hybrid-Photocatalysis Based on Graphene and TiO2
Authors: Xu Zhi Ying , Wang Xin Gang , Liu Yang Bo , Ma Wei Sheng , Mo Ze Qin
Published: March 2015

The hybrid-photocatalyst was successfully prepared by compositing graphene and TiO2 in this thesis. The properties of the hybrid-photocatalyst was stydited by XRD, SEM. The hotocatalytic activity of the hybrid-photocatalyst was evaluated by decolorization of acid yellow dye solution under visible light irradiation. The result shows that the main phase of the hybrid-photocatalyst is antase TiO2. The effects of different titanium carbon ratio, photocatalysis time, catalyst dosage and pH on the photocatalytic for acid yellow dye are discussed. Under the conditions that titanium carbon ratio 100:50, the photocatalytic time 120 min, catalyst dosing concentration 0.1g / L and the optimum pH 8, the treatment of methyl orange dye is the best.
Analysis of Centromedullary Nailing with Implant Failure
Authors: Cristescu Ioan , Antoniac Iulian Vasile , Vilcioiu Daniel , Safta Florin
Published: March 2015

Centromedullary nailing is the most preferred surgical technique for the treatment of lower limb fractures and sometimes also on the upper extremity. It is a minimal invasive surgical intervention used mainly for long bones fractures that permits treatment without opening the fracture site thus preserving the local vascularization. With the improved knowledge and understanding of the fracture pattern and of the implantation technique good stability and rapid bone healing is obtained.We present a study on 8 patients with long bones fractures (femur, tibia, humerus) that were surgically treated with intramedullary nailing which failed due to non-union. Implant failure usually occured at 6 to 10 months after surgery. In our group of patients the primary causes of non-union was improper fracture reduction, infection and faulty surgical technique. The implant usually failed several months after loading when the nail was not sharing but bearing all the weight. In this cases the metallic implant usually fails due to fatigue in its weakest point. Loss of reduction, inadequate fixation, a need to change implant and breakage of nails were considered as implant failure.Inappropriate usage of intramedullary nailing technique will lead to nonunion or delayed union and after loading the affected limb the metallic implant will bear all the mechanical forces. This will lead to implant failure and a new difficult surgery for the patients.Revision surgery should address both the biological part and the mechanical part of bone union .
Dental Plating Efficiency of Metal Base Dental Alloys by Thermal Diffusivity Study
Authors: Miculescu Marian , Bane Marin , Miculescu Florin , Preda Oana , Plotog Ioan
Published: March 2015

The need for reliable data on thermophysical properties of materials has increased continuously in the last period. The existing data, except for some pure elements or alloys and compounds, often unreliable, and in many cases the need for accurate and acceptable data, can only be achieved by measuring a given property. This paper focuses on elements of the used test methods associated with the description of the newly introduced parameter (effectiveness of dental coating). The selected method was the “pulse method” for determining thermal diffusivity (the method allows simultaneous determination of thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity) directly applicable in the study of the thermal compatibility of metal-ceramic systems in dental applications.
Determination of Mastication Forces in Case of Total Dental Prosthesis
Authors: Rusu Lucian , Vigaru Cosmina , Stoia Dan Ioan
Published: March 2015

In whole wide world, lots of individuals lose teeth from different causes. In these cases, in first phase, a dental implant is the best solution. In some cases, as the last solution, a dental prosthesis is needed. To correct these disorders, rehabilitation treatments with adequate dentures, either fixed or removable, are indicated. [6] The forces that appear during mastication are influenced by occlusion type and space distribution of teeth. In case of persons that have a dental prosthesis the forces that occurred during mastication can be reduced if the dental prosthesis is correctly generated. A mastication simulator is any device that reproduces the conditions present during the process of chewing in order to reconstruct the complicated process of mastication outside the body. [5] The aim of this paper is to produce a device that can simulate the mastication and use it to determinate the mastication forces that appears during the mastication of different foods types. On the device that was build can be placed different dental prosthesis. [2] Using the device adjustment facilities we are able to simulate any type of occlusion. Using this device, a mechanical testing equipment and different types of food we are able to determinate the vertical force that occur. Base on these results we will be able to determinate if the dental prosthesis was correctly produced.
Finite Element Analyses Comparison Between Normal Teeth and Prosthetic Teeth
Authors: Petrescu Horia Alexandru , Vlasceanu Daniel , Stamate Andrei , Bololoi Robert , Hanganu Stela Carmen
Published: March 2015

Dental medicine represents a very important part of our life. As our appearance or looks is a major concern for us, a beautiful smile can improve our life. Moreover, our teeth health reflects on our overall health. This paper presents a method for highlighting the differences between a natural tooth and a prosthetic one. In order to determine the stress distribution in teeth during the use of prosthetics pivots, several virtual geometric models of the teeth were created (canine, first premolar, first molar and second molar), both in their natural form and when using pivots. The results obtained from these analyses were compared in order to reveal the behavior of a prosthetic tooth during normal life loads. Such results of real life behavior can be used by dental medics in order to predict the life span of restored teeth.
Numerical Analysis for Determining the Displacements of a Lung Tumor
Authors: Petrescu Horia Alexandru , Vlasceanu Daniel , Pastrama Stefan Dan , Gruionu Lucian Gheorghe
Published: March 2015

In this paper, a numerical analysis is undertaken in order to establish the three dimensional linear displacementsof tumors located inside the lung. In this way, the position of the tumor can be emphasized in various stages of the breathing process, helping thus the healthcare professionals both in surgical operations and in performing transbronchial biopsy. First, a geometrical model of the lung and airways was achieved with a 3D reconstruction program using CT scan images. The model was then imported in the ANSYS finite element software, which was used to perform the numerical simulations. The breathing process was simulated by applying external pressure on the surfaces of the lung. The values of this pressure were chosen as to correspond to the inspiration phase of the breathing process. Finally, conclusions are drawn regarding the values of the displacement of the nodules during breathing.
Sonication in Orthopedics for the Diagnosis of Implant-Associated Infections
Authors: Carstoiu Catalin , Ene Razvan , Panti Zsombor , Ene Patricia , Mihailescu Raluca , Arama Victoria , Carstoiu Monica
Published: March 2015

Introduction. Implant-associated infections in orthopedics represent a major challenge for diagnosis and treatment. Sonication is an alternative method for the diagnosis in prosthetic infections, with a higher sensitivity compared to the conventional periprosthetic cultures. Our aim was to compare the results of conventional culturing and sonication process in per prosthetic joint infections. Material and method. We followed up in a period of 7 years (2007-2014) patients who underwent to total joint arthroplasty, and fracture fixation with internal fixation in the University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest. Conventional and sonication fluid culturing was performed in order to compare the results of it. In 3 cases the cultures after sonication was negative in 9 cases Methicilin resistant (MR) staphylococcus was isolated. Sonication Results Our study involved 34 patients with an average age of 63.08 ±10.65SD. In 3 cases the cultures after sonication was negative in 9 cases Methicilin resistant (MR) staphylococcus was isolated, in 1 case Serratia Marcescens and another case with Staphylococcus Warmei. Discussion Our study underlines the importance of the etiological diagnosis with the application of sonication Coclusions The sonication technique is simple and can be performed in the most of microbiological laboratories. Sonication has the benefit of the etiological diagnosis either in mono-microbial and poli-microbial implant-associated infections, with a higher sensitivity than standard culturing.
Alternative Technologies for Obtaining the Metal-Ceramic Dental Prostheses Imposed by some Clinical Situations – A Case Series
Authors: Opri Mirela , Manolea Horia Octavian , Rîcă Radu , Cotorcea Simona
Published: March 2015

In the contemporary dentistry the highly esthetic prosthetic restorations are readily achievable knowing the patient's expectations, communicating effectively with the dental technician and selecting appropriate materials and technologies. One of the important factors that influence the ceramic resistance in the metal-ceramic restorations is the design of the framework. A design of the framework that provides support for cusps may therefore be advantageous in preventing the fracture of the plating ceramics. The outer geometry of the metal-ceramic restorations is strongly defined by anatomical and physiological circumstances. Although a change in the framework design does not necessarily affect the external form of the restoration, a thicker frame automatically implies a thinner layer of veneering and vice versa.In this study we present a series of clinical cases in which we have used different techniques for modeling the wax patterns of the future metal structure according to several clinical features. There are presented techniques for obtaining the layouts for the metallic structures of partial or total esthetic metal-ceramic restorations, dental supported or implant supported, classic techniques and innovative techniques that allow previewing the final aspect of restoration and the transfer of clinical data for a highly functional prosthesis.The wax patterns are exact copies of future prosthetic parts, so should be done with great care. The ergonomics had made place also at this level currently existing a multitude of techniques and materials that facilitate the dental technician’s work.
New Surgical Option in Correction of Scoliotic Seformity – LSZ System
Authors: Popa Iulian , Oprea Manuel , Mardare Mihai , Laka Alexandr A. , Poenaru Dan V.
Published: March 2015

Introduction Between 2004-2006 in Moscow at the Russian University of People’s Friendship Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology under the lead of Alexandr Laka, there have been created more new instruments, which allowed individualised treatment for each scoliotic patient.Case outline The case that we bring to your attention belongs to the patients group to which the deformation practically reached it’s final form. The patient is known with dextroconvex thoraco-lumbar idiopathic scoliosis that set out at the age of 11 years. Despite a long physical treatment, the deformity progressed reaching by the time she addressed to us, a critical stage with a 90º Cobb angle and 45º rotation at T9 apical vertebrae. Surgery was performed by using LSZ implant for correction of scoliotic deformity. The surgical technique is described step by step and the final result was a good tridimensional correction. Postoperatory X-Ray demonstrates 50% correction, with Cobb angle of 45º and 15% torsion correction.Conclusion The good result obtained in the case described, as well as in the studies published in literature, demonstrates that this technique is efficient for correction of scoliotic deformities both in frontal and sagittal plane, easy to perform and associated with a minimal risk for complications and encourage us to recommend this technique to other spine surgery departments.
Modern Approaches in Choosing Materials for Implant Supported Prosthesis
Authors: Manolea Horia Octavian , Fronie Adrian , Popescu Sanda Mihaela , Opri Mirela , Ciucă Eduard
Published: March 2015

The materials used in manufacturing the implant supported prosthesis may influence the occlusal stress distribution to the bone due to their different elastic modulus. Thus, compared with alloys of Co-Cr, the material currently used for the realization of the implant supported prosthesis’ resistance structure, the titanium prosthesis’ elasticity allows a less rigid solidarization, especially important as the extent of the bridge is greater, more so in the mandible, which presents an elastic deformation during mastication.The use of modern composite materials based on polyether-ether-ketones for manufacturing the implant supported prosthesis’ resistance structure is gaining more and more interest due to optimization opportunities of the distribution of masticatory forces around the implant.Regarding the aesthetic component of the implant supported prosthesis, ceramic masses remain the most commonly used materials due to their outstanding restorer options and proven biocompatibility. However, speaking of the transmission of forces to the implant support, the composite materials are preferred due to advantages related to the possibility of stress relief and to ensure a durable link frame - composite, the aesthetic result being more than satisfying.
The Analysis of Main Causes of Different Osteosynthesis Implants Failure in a Series of Clinical Cases
Authors: Cirstoiu Catalin , Ene Razvan , Nica Mihai , Ene Patricia , Cîrstoiu Monica
Published: March 2015

The study presented in this paper was conducted to assess the main causes of osteosynthesis implants failure, among which implant material defects and unstable osteosynthesis fixation occur. A total number of 42 patients with osteosynthesis implant failure were included in this study in the Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic of Bucharest Emergency University Hospital. The osteosynthesis implants failure was determined using radiological examination, only the patients with the age between 18 and 60 were selected. From the total number of patient included in our study, 18 had osteosynthesis performed with open reduction and plates and screws fixation, 5 intramedullary implants with open reduction, 4 intramedullary implants with close reduction, 15 cases of fixation with locking screws. For evaluating the macroscopic and microstructural features of the failure, we use microscopically techniques like stereomicroscopy, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques in conjunction with radiological images. After our analysis, in 14 cases we found a correct fixation but the microscopic examination of the implant materials reveals cracks in their structure, 24 cases showed an imperfect reduction of the fracture with interfragmentary diastasis and malrotation, and 4 had inadequate size devices, where the examination of failed metallic implants revealed no structural defects in implant materials. The results of our study showed that both design errors and inappropriate surgical procedures were causes of osteosynthesis failure. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the surgical fixation procedure but also to the fixation implant materials used.