bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insight and recovery and the stigma of mental illness - analysis of the phenomenon of insight in schizophrenia and its correlations with the processes of stigma and self-stigma
Authors: Soroka Ewelina , Dziwota Kamila , Pawęzka Justyna , Olajossy Marcin
Published: April 2018

Does better insight associated with the process of recovery mean a stronger sense of mental illness stigma? This article presents the relationship between a multidimensional construct, which is the insight and the phenomena of stigma and self-stigma of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. It is well known that the term insight contains: a sense of illness, the patient's attitude to its symptoms, explanation of the causes of the illness, attitude to the rationale of treatment and awareness of the risk of relapse. On the other hand, self-stigma occurs when the patient internalizes and refers to himself/herselfnegative and stigmatizing social attitudes, conditioned by the presence of conventionalbeliefs, strengthened by the media, and this weakens the process of recovery.

How much does good insight strengthen the patient on the way to fuller social functioning, and how much does it imprint stigma of mental illness and weaken its positionin society? The authors of the paper are discussing the subject of insight and stigma from the patient's perspective, over the patient’s attitude towards the diagnosis of schizophrenia, the process of recovery and the aspect of hope - important in recovery. These study of construct insight shows that the relationship insight-recovery-stigma is a multi-dimensional plane, dependent on various factors, that needs constant deepening and complementing with further research.
Measurement of HDO Products Using GC-TCD: Towards Obtaining Reliable Analytical Data
Authors: Zuas Oman , Budiman Harry , Mansur Dieni , Mulyana Muhammad Rizky
Published: April 2018

This paper reported the method development and validation of a gas chromatography with thermal conductivity detector (GC-TCD) method for the measurement of the gaseous products of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). The method validation parameters include selectivity, precision (repeatability and reproducibility), accuracy, linearity, limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantitation (LoQ), and robustness. The results showed that the developed method was able to separate the target components (H2, CO2, CH4 and CO) from their mixtures without any special sample treatment. The validated method was selective, precise, accurate, and robust. Application of the developed and validated GC-TCD method to the measurement of by-product components of HDO of bio-oil revealed a good performance with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 1.0% for all target components, implying that the process of method development and validation provides a trustworthy way of obtaining reliable analytical data.
Accurate determination of the CYP2D6 (*1/*4)xN genotype by quantitative PCR
Authors: Pondman Kirsten M. , van Schaik Ron H.N. , van der Weide Jan
Published: April 2018

Background:

CYP2D6is responsible for the metabolism of approximately 25% of all drugs. The expression of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is influenced by a combination of factors including polymorphisms in theCYP2D6gene. Analysis of theCYP2D6genotype is used to personalize the medication to a patient’s metabolism. Although many genotypes can be determined using standard genotype analysis, in some cases, an incomplete analysis is performed. TheCYP2D6genotype *1/*4 often occurs in combination with a multiplication of theCYP2D6gene, and is reported as (*1/*4)xN. Accurate determination of the multiplied gene is essential to provide a phenotype prediction for these patients. Duplication of the *1 gene leads to an extensive metabolizer genotype whereas multiplication of the *4 gene would not lead to extra functional enzyme and therefore provides an intermediate metabolizer phenotype.

Methods:

Here, a technique is described in which the copy numbers of both the *4 and *1 genes are determined using quantitative PCR techniques.

Results and conclusions:

This technique provides a method to predict the patient’sCYP2D6phenotype, and is therefore an important step toward personalized medicine.
Moses Maimonides und Immanuel Kant – negative Theologie, Skeptizismus und die Rolle des Unendlichen
Authors: Botwinick Aryeh
Published: April 2018

This paper argues that Kant’s argument in favor of the primacy of the categories over the world is embedded in a Maimonidean stream of theorizing. In terms of how words and concepts are configured in relation to possible entities outside of themselves, it recapitulates Maimonides’ argument concerning how to situate the human world in relation to God. The judge in Maimonides is the human being who ideally encodes in his character and personality the metaphysical stance reflected in Kant’s categories and Maimonides’ theorizing of God.
Leiblichkeit und personale Identität in der Demenz
Authors: Fuchs Thomas
Published: April 2018

Theories of personal identity in the tradition of John Locke and Derek Parfit emphasize the importance of psychological continuity and the abilities to think, to remember and to make rational choices as a basic criterion for personhood. These concepts, however, are situated within a dualistic framework, in which the body is regarded as a mere vehicle of the person, or a carrier of the brain as the organ of mental faculties. Based on the phenomenology of embodiment, this paper elaborates a different approach to personal identity. In this perspective, selfhood is primarily constituted by pre-reflective self-awareness and the body memory of an individual, which consists in the embodiment and enactment of familiar habits, practices and preferences. As can be shown, this understanding of personhood still applies to dementia patients even in the later stages of the disease.
Aufbruch an den Rand der Philosophie
Authors: Thomä Dieter
Published: April 2018

The recently discovered first draft of Heidegger’sWhat Is Metaphysics?, his Inaugural Lecture in Freiburg from 1929, is published here for the first time. It differs from the version known so far in numerous, philosophically relevant details. The first draft is marked by a fierce attack on “science,” a dramatic invocation of “nothingness,” and a sharp critique of the current state of philosophy or of philosophy as such. An editorial note addresses philological issues concerning the status of this text and its authenticity. An extended commentary situates it within Heidegger’s writings of the period and discusses its preparatory role with regard to his National-Socialist turn. AsWhat Is Metaphysics?– together with Carnap’s response in “Overcoming Metaphysics Through Logical Analysis of Language” – serves as a reference point for the great divide between so-called analytic and so-called continental philosophy, this original version is an opportunity to reassess its premises and limits.
Neuplatonische politische Philosophie in der Rede Περὶ βασιλείας des Synesios von Kyrene
Authors: Schramm Michael
Published: April 2018

This paper argues that Synesios’ De regno is a mirror for princes and a splendid example of Neoplatonic political philosophy. It is based on Plato’s Politeia and its model of philosopher-kingship. Synesios makes his audience compare the current political reality with the ideal of the philosopher-kings, who are the image of the transcendent god in the political realm. In doing so he recommends political virtue in general, especially phronesis and sophrosyne. Particularly he argues for reforming the recruitment of military and civil officials with reference to Plato’s concept of friendship in the Politeia.
Language support competence and language proficiency of early years professionals in monolingual and bilingual settings: Similarities and differences
Authors: Ofner Daniela
Published: April 2018

Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) professionals need specific knowledge and abilities to support children’s language development: language support competence (LSC). Research has shown varying levels of LSC of the personnel in early childhood education centers. However, only early childhood educators in monolingual institutions promoting the majority language were included in these studies. The growing interest in bilingual education in early childhood in many European countries raises the question whether ECEC professionals in bilingual institutions are better qualified for language-related tasks due to the evident focus on language and multilingualism. In a cross-sectional study, LSC and language proficiency of 115 ECEC professionals in monolingual and 24 ECEC professionals in bilingual early childhood education centers in Germany were assessed with standardized tests. Participants in bilingual institutions reached higher knowledge scores but did not differ from their colleagues in monolingual institutions in their abilities or language proficiency. Correlational and regression analyses revealed that LSC is related to several personal and professional background factors such as level of education or participation in professional development courses. The results are discussed with respect to language support practices in early childhood education and possible selection processes in personnel recruitment.
Women’s experiences of formula feeding their infants: an interpretative phenomenological study
Authors: Sze Kin Yan , Chan Zenobia Chung Yee , Chiang Vico Chung Lim
Published: April 2018

Objective

This study aimed to explore the experiences of women in the process of formula feeding their infants. The World Health Organization has emphasized the importance of breastfeeding for infant health. After decades of breastfeeding promotions, breastfeeding rates in Hong Kong have been rising consistently; however, the low continuation rate is alarming. This study explores women’s experiences with formula feeding their infants, including factors affecting their decision to do so.

Methods

A qualitative approach using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was adopted as the study design. Data were collected from 2014 to 2015 through individual in-depth unstructured interviews with 16 women, conducted between 3 and 12 months after the birth of their infant. Data were analyzed using IPA.

Results

Three main themes emerged as follows: (1) self-struggle, with the subthemes of feeling like a milk cow and feeling trapped; (2) family conflict, with the subtheme of sharing the spotlight; and (3) interpersonal tensions, with the subthemes of embarrassment, staring, and innocence. Many mothers suffered various stressors and frustrations during breastfeeding. These findings suggest a number of pertinent areas that need to be considered in preparing an infant feeding campaign.

Conclusions

The findings of this study reinforce our knowledge of women’s struggles with multiple sources of pressure, such as career demands, childcare demands, and family life after giving birth. All mothers should be given assistance in making informed decisions about the optimal approach to feeding their babies given their individual situation and be provided with support to pursue their chosen feeding method.
The Meaning, Causes, and Possible Results of the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: Sanders Elizabeth
Published: April 2018

Donald Trump owes his election to post-1972 changes in party institutions and economic developments that were largely the result of presidential policies supported by both parties. Political scientists and pundits who relied on survey data and assumptions about motives and character of Trump supporters failed to understand the deep causes of the 2016 election outcome, and to inform the public and party leaders about strategic and coalition options for the future. Focusing on expressive protest and labeling are probably antithetical to party reorganization leading to genuine reform and reduction in inequality.
Global integrability for solutions to some anisotropic problem with nonstandard growth
Authors: Gao Hongya , Jia Miaomiao
Published: April 2018

This paper deals with the problem

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\in u_{*}+W_{0}^{1,(p_{i})}(\Omega),\\
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Decoupling of Dual-band Closely Spaced MIMO Antennas Based on Novel Coupled Resonator Structure
Authors: Zou XiaoJun , Wang GuangMing , Wang YaWei , Zong BinFeng
Published: April 2018

A pair of dual-band closely spaced MIMO monopole antenna array working at WLAN 2.45/5.25GHz with a dual-band coupled resonator structure for decoupling is proposed, the edge-to-edge distance of which is 0.0735
${^{\lambda _0}}$ at 2.45GHz and 0.1575
${^{\lambda _0}}$ at 5.25GHz. Simulation and measurement on coupled antennas and decoupled antennas indicate that mutual coupling reductions of 24.52dB and 26.57dB at two frequencies are achieved. With good impedance matching, improved total efficiency and increased channel capacity, the proposed structure owns good applicability, compact size and effective decoupling capability, and is promising in the application of wireless terminal MIMO system.
Permian A-type rhyolites of the Muráň Nappe, Inner Western Carpathians, Slovakia: in-situ zircon U–Pb SIMS ages and tectonic setting
Authors: Ondrejka Martin , Li Xian-Hua , Vojtko Rastislav , Putis Marian , Uher Pavel , Sobocký Tomas
Published: April 2018

Three representative A-type rhyolitic rock samples from the Muráň Nappe of the inferred Silicic Unit of the Inner Western Carpathians (Slovakia) were dated using the high-precision SIMS U–Pb isotope technique on zircons. The geochronological data presented in this paper is the first in-situ isotopic dating of these volcanic rocks. Oscillatory zoned zircon crystals mostly revealed concordant Permian (Guadalupian) ages: 266.6 ± 2.4 Ma in Tisovec-Rejkovo (TIS-1), 263.3 ± 1.9 Ma in Telgárt-Gregová Hill (TEL-1) and 269.5 ± 1.8 Ma in Veľká Stožka-Dudlavka (SD-2) rhyolites. The results indicate that the formation of A-type rhyolites and their plutonic equivalents are connected to magmatic activity during the Permian extensional tectonics and most likely related to the Pangea supercontinent break-up.
Calcareous nannofossil and ammonite integrated biostratigraphy across the Jurassic – Cretaceous boundary strata of the Kopanitsa composite section (West Srednogorie Unit, southwest Bulgaria)
Authors: Stoykova Kristalina , Idakieva Vyara , Ivanov Marin , Reháková Daniela
Published: April 2018

Calcareous nannofossil, calpionellid and ammonite occurrences have been directly constrained across the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary interval in the section of Kopanitsa, SW Bulgaria. This section reveals a continuous and expanded sedimentary record through the Upper Tithonian and Lower Berriasian, besides an excellent calcareous nannofossil and ammonite record. The topmost part of the NJT 16b and the base of NJT 17a nannofossil Subzones correspond to the ammonite Microcanthum / Transitorius Subzone. The major part of the NJT 17a Subzone equates to the Durangites spp. ammonite Zone, whereas the NJT 17b Subzone correlates to the lower part of the B. jacobi ammonite Zone. The NKT nannofossil Zone approximately corresponds to the upper part of the B. jacobi Zone and the NK-1 nannofossil Zone correlates at least to the lowest part of the T. occitanica Zone. The FOs ofNannoconus globulus minor, N. wintereri, N. kamptneri minor, N. steinmannii minor, N. kamptneri kamptneriandN. steinmannii steinmanniiare confirmed as reliable bio-horizons for correlations in the Mediterranean Tethys area. The first occurrence ofNannoconus wintereriis regarded as an almost concomitant event with the first occurrence ofBerriasella jacobi. We suggest it could be the most useful nannofossil proxy for approximating the base of the B. jacobi Zone. Rare, but relatively well preserved calpionellids and calcareous dinoflagellates together with microfacies analysis were used additionally for stratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental interpretations. The investigated sediments are typical for the steep slope of a steepened ramp, with accumulation of hemipelagic and gravitational deposits.
Identifying the degree of luminescence signal bleaching in fluvial sediments from the Inner Mongolian reaches of the Yellow River
Authors: Li Fuqiang , Pan Baotian , Lai Zhongping , Gao Hongshan , Ou Xianjiao
Published: April 2018

The partial bleaching of the luminescence signal prior to deposition results in age overestimation, and can be a problem in delineating fluvial evolution within an OSL chronological framework. The Inner Mongolian reaches of the Yellow River are characterised by a high sediment load and complex sources of sediments. To test the incomplete bleaching occurring in this type of environment, the residual doses and the luminescence signal characteristics of different particle size fractions from 14 modern fluvial sediment samples were investigated. Furthermore, 26 OSL ages derived from drilling cores were compared with 11 radiocarbon ages. Our results show that the residual equivalent doses principally range between 0.16 and 0.49 Gy for silt grains, and between 0.35 and 3.72 Gy for sand grains of modern samples. This suggests that medium-grained quartz has been well bleached prior to deposition, and is preferable to coarse-grained quartz when dating fluvial sediments in this region. The results also show that the De values of coarse-grained fractions display a stronger correlation with distance downstream. In addition, a comparison of OSL and radiocarbon ages from drilling cores establishes further confidence that any initial bleaching of these sediments was sufficient. As a result, we believe that the studied fluvial samples were well bleached prior to deposition.
Stability analysis of delay integro-differential equations of HIV-1 infection model
Authors: Ali Nigar , Zaman Gul , Jung Il Hyo
Published: April 2018

In this paper, the analysis of an HIV-1 epidemic model is presented by incorporating a distributed intracellular delay.
The delay term represents the latent period between the time that the target cells are contacted by the virus and the time the virions penetrated into the cells.
To understand the analysis of our proposed model, the Rouths–Hurwiz criterion and general theory of delay differential equations are used.
It is shown that the infection free equilibrium and the chronic-infection equilibrium are locally as well as globally asymptotically stable, under some conditions on the basic reproductive number

R
0

{R_{0}}

.
Furthermore, the obtained results show that the value of

R
0

{R_{0}}

can be decreased by increasing the delay.
Therefore, any drugs that can prolong the latent period will help to control the HIV-1 infection.
Optimization of submerged fermentation conditions to overproduce bioethanol using two industrial and traditional Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Authors: Shaghaghi-Moghaddam Reza , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda , Mehdikhani Parviz , Alijanianzadeh Reza , Jalalian Sepide
Published: April 2018

The present study focuses on the overproduction of bioethanol through submerged fermentation. In a batch-scale submerged bioreactor using a traditional and an industrialSaccharomyces cerevisiae(NCYC 4109 and SFO6) strains, the fermentation was accomplished. The effects of the substrate brix (20.50–24.00 °Bx) and inoculum percentage in the initial fermentation solution (15%–45%) as independent variables on bioethanol production (g/l) as the dependent variable were assessed using the response surface methodology. Using the obtained experimental values for the response variable based on experiments for the fermentation parameters, a general model (second-order) with high coefficient of determination values (R2> 95%) was generated to predict the bioethanol concentrations that were obtained using both yeast strains. The obtained results indicated that the optimum fermentation conditions to overproduce bioethanol (56.14 g/l) using the SFO6 yeast were at the substrate brix and inoculum percentage values of 24.70 °Bx and 26.35%, respectively. However, a higher concentration of bioethanol (53.1 g/l) using the NCYC 4109 yeast strain was obtained at the substrate brix and inoculum percentage values of 24.68 °Bx and 40.07%, respectively.
Mountain grassland ecosystems on abandoned agricultural terraces (Russia, North Caucasus)
Authors: Gracheva Raisa , Belonovskaya Elena , Vinogradova Vera
Published: April 2018

Terraces represent one of the most common agricultural landscape elements in the mountainous regions of the North Caucasus. In the Central and West Caucasus, most of the arable terraces were converted into grasslands for grazing and haymaking 60-70 years ago and then abandoned or underused during the last 20-25 years. The role of abandoned terraces in maintaining the diversity of grasslands of the mountain slopes was studied in the case of eight terraces of different types. Plant communities of subalpine meadows and meadow steppes were distinguished on the terraces depending mainly on slope steepness at the same altitudes and to a lesser extent on the slope aspect. In general, the grasslands of the terrace platforms and those of original unterraced slopes had similar traits. At that, the mesophilous communities on the rich soils of terrace edges and scarp communities similar to vegetation of steep slopes with eroded soils create regular patterns on the terraced slopes. Thus, former agricultural terraces conditioning geodiversity also contribute to the diversity of plant communities and landscape fragmentation. The current increase of temperature and humidity may lead to a reduction of climatic differences of the slopes, and the further convergence of grassland communities can be assumed.
Dynamics of the species diversity and composition of the ruderal vegetation of Slovak and Czech cities
Authors: Rendeková Alena , Mičieta Karol , Randáková Zuzana , Miškovic Ján
Published: April 2018

This study reports the results of the evaluation of changes in the species diversity and composition of ruderal vegetation of three Slovak and one Czech city over the time. The dataset of 1489 relevés from five ruderal syntaxa from the cities Bratislava, Malacky, Trnava and Brno was used. Data were from two different time periods, the older dataset from the years 1960–1982, the more recent dataset from the years 2005–2016. The statistical analysis revealed the decrease of Shannon–Wiener diversity index of all (native + alien) species in the majority of classes of ruderal vegetation of cities. The analysis of the changes in the Pielou’s measure of species evenness showed that in some of the classes and cities, the species evenness remained unchanged, in the other ones it decreased. The percentage of native species in the ruderal vegetation did not change over the time, but the percentage of invasive alien species in the majority of syntaxa and cities increased significantly. In total, 38 invasive taxa were recorded in the ruderal vegetation of cities. Most of them are neophytes, therophytes and belong to the family Asteraceae. The majority of invasive taxa were recorded in both time periods. Some of the invasive species, e.g.Fallopia japonicaandJuncus tenuiswere recorded only in the more recent time period. Our results contribute to the knowledge about biological invasions in the cities.
Effects of sample size on swelling and shrinkage of Larix kaempferi and Cryptomeria japonica as determined by digital caliper, image analysis, and digital image correlation (DIC)
Authors: Lee So Sun , Jeong Gi Young
Published: April 2018

Swelling (Sw) and shrinking (Sh) of Larix kaempferi and Cryptomeria japonica woods were observed with the methods digital caliper, image analysis, and digital image correlation (DIC) as a function of cubic sample sizes (203, 503, and 1003 mm3) and the three anatomical directions of wood. The moisture content (MC) of the samples was 19, 12, and 8%, such as MC→ and MCsatur. Coefficients of swelling were significantly different at the three sample sizes. Coefficients of shrinking were significantly different by species and sample size. Results of DIC revealed that the magnitude of mixed Sw/Sh behaviors increased with increasing sample size.
Leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), melatonin and zinc levels in experimental hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism: relation with melatonin and the pineal gland
Authors: Baltaci Abdulkerim Kasım , Mogulkoc Rasim
Published: April 2018

Background

Melatonin, an important neurohormone released from the pineal gland, is generally accepted to exercise an inhibitor effect on the thyroid gland. Zinc mediates the effects of many hormones and is found in the structure of numerous hormone receptors.

Aim

The present study aims to examine the effect of melatonin supplementation and pinealectomy on leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), melatonin and zinc levels in rats with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Methods

This study was performed on the 70 male rats. Experimental animals in the study were grouped as follows: control (C); hypothyroidism (PTU); hypothyroidism + melatonin (PTU + M); hypothyroidism + pinealectomy (PTU + Pnx); hyperthyroidism (H); hyperthyroidism + melatonin (H + M) and hyperthyroidism + pinealectomy (H + Pnx). Blood samples collected at the end of 4-week procedures were analyzed to determine melatonin, leptin, NPY and zinc levels.

Results

It was found that thyroid parameters thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodthyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total T3 (TT3) and total T4 (TT4) decreased in hypothyroidism groups and increased in the groups with hyperthyroidism. The changes in these hormones remained unaffected by melatonin supplementation and pinealectomy. Melatonin levels rose in hyperthyroidism and fell in hypothyroidism. Leptin and NPY levels increased in both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Zinc levels, on the other hand, decreased in hypothyroidism and pinealectomy, but increased in hyperthyroidism.

Conclusion

The results of the study demonstrate that hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism affect leptin, NPY, melatonin and zinc values in different ways in rats. However, melatonin supplementation and pinealectomy do not have any significant influence on the changes occurring in leptin, NPY and zinc levels in thyroid dysfunction.
Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines: to separate the wheat from the chaff
Authors: Drexler Hans G. , Pommerenke Claudia , Eberth Sonja , Nagel Stefan
Published: April 2018

Characteristic components of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) tissue are the mono- or multinucleated Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells. Given the challenges of isolating these rare malignant cells and the difficulty in culturing cells from patients, many investigators have tried to establish cell lines in efforts to develop cellular tools for in vitro studies. A limited number of HL cell lines exist and have provided valuable insights into HL pathobiology. A literature survey indicated that 35 cell lines derived from HL patients have been published. To determine whether all these alleged HL cell lines hold up to scrutiny, we examined the available data and also put some of these cell lines to the test of hierarchical clustering, providing additional information regarding assignment to cell line type and tissue derivation. Hierarchical clustering separated the bona fide (classical) HL cell lines completely from cell lines derived from other lymphoma categories and proved conclusively that HL cell lines represent a distinct entity, irrespective of the cellular origin of the HRS cells. We conclude by pointing out the need for an intensified search for new cell culture avenues in order to develop a new generation of informative HL cell lines covering more widely the spectrum of HL stages and subtypes.
Comments on the special issue
Authors: McGhee Paul
Published: April 2018

This article includes comments on each contributing author’s article in this special issue of Humor. The articles represent an assessment of McGhee’s research, work on practical applications or influence in the following areas: 1) the development of children’s humor, 2) construction and validation of the Sense of Humor Scale (SHS), 3) usefulness of specific subscales of the SHS, including “playfulness” and “laughing at yourself,” 4) development and evaluation of the 7 Humor Habits Program—a training program for learning to use humor to cope with stress, 5) humor’s impact on physical health and emotional well being, 6) impact on the field of nursing, and 7) humor and the brain. McGhee provides here his response to each contributed article.
Chimpanzee and gorilla humor: progressive emergence from origins in the wild to captivity to sign language learning
Authors: McGhee Paul
Published: April 2018

This article examines available (mainly anecdotal) evidence related to the experience of humor among chimpanzees and gorillas in the wild, in captivity and following systematic sign language training. Humor is defined as one form of symbolic play. Positive evidence of object permanence, cross-modal perception, deferred imitation and deception among chimpanzees and gorillas is used to document their cognitive capacity for humor. Playful teasing is proposed as the primordial form of humor among apes in the wild. This same form of humor is commonly found among signing apes, both in overt behavior and in signed communications. A second form of humor emerges in the context of captivity, consisting of throwing feces at human onlookers—who often respond to this with laughter. This early form of humor shows up in signing apes in the form of calling others “dirty,” a sign associated with feces. The diversity of forms of signing humor shown by apes is linked to McGhee, Paul E.Humor: Its origin and development. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman & Co, McGhee, Paul E.Understanding and promoting the development of children’s humor. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt. model of humor development.
How one mad scientist grasped the profound potential of humor and changed the face of nursing
Authors: Buxman Karyn
Published: April 2018

The history of nursing and the history of humor theory become intertwined with the help of a look-alike-mad-scientist, Dr Paul McGhee. A review is given as to how McGhee played the role of catalyst, pioneer and mentor to many in the health profession and the impact that has resulted in the nursing profession.
Three problems connected with the use of diachronic corpora
Authors: Rissanen Matti
Published: April 2018

In compiling and testing the diachronic part of the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts, our project group has come across three problems which arise from the use of computer corpora in studies of syntax and vocabulary. While these problems are mainly associated with work on diachronic corpora, they may be universal enough to deserve somewhat more general consideration. They could be called “The philologist’s dilemma”, “God’s truth fallacy”, and “The mystery of vanishing reliability”. The first could be described as pedagogical, the second methodological and the third pragmatic.
From broadcast archive to language corpus: Designing and investigating a sociohistorical corpus fromDesert Island Discs
Authors: Smith Nicholas , Waters Cathleen
Published: April 2018

The aims of this paper are twofold: i) to present the motivation and design of a sociohistorical corpus derived from the popular BBC Radio show,Desert Island Discs(DID); and ii) to illustrate the potential of the DID corpus (DIDC) with a case study. In an era of ever-increasing digital resources and scholarly interest in recent language change, there remains an enormous disparity between available written and spoken corpora. We describe how a corpus derived from DID contributes to redressing the balance. Treating DID as an example of a specialized register, namely, a ‘biographical chat show’, we review its attendant situational characteristics, and explain the affordances and design features of a sociolinguistic corpus sampling of the show. Finally, to illustrate the potential of DIDC for linguistic exploration of recent change, we conduct a case study on two pronouns with generic, impersonal reference, namelyyouandone.
The relationship between spiritual intelligence and aggression in medical science students in the southeast of Iran
Authors: Baloochi Ali , Abazari Farokh , Mirzaee Moghaddameh
Published: April 2018

Background

Due to their presence in clinical educational settings when dealing with patients, medical science students are more affected by mental disorders than other students. Some experts believe that spiritual intelligence enhances people adaptability and compatibility and creates calm in humans, especially in stressful situations.

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and aggression among students of medical sciences in the southeast of Iran.

Methods

This analytical-descriptive study was conducted among bachelor students of Medical Sciences in the Southeast of Iran and examples of the research were selected from the Schools of Nursing and Midwifery, Public Health, Paramedical and Management by a stratified random sampling method. To examine samples questionnaires were used which examined students’ demographic information, and included King’s 24-item Questionnaire of Spiritual Intelligence and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). After completing the questionnaires, data were analyzed using statistical analysis software (SPSS version18) with a significance level (p < 0.05).

Results

The results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between spiritual intelligence and aggression of students (r = −0/19, p = 0/001). Results also showed that Students of Medical Sciences in the Southeast of Iran with a spiritual intelligence average score of 52.28 have an average spiritual intelligence and those with an aggression average score of 78.57 have higher aggression than average.

Conclusion

The results showed that with increasing spiritual intelligence, aggression decreases. The results can be used by policymakers and managers to take steps to reduce aggressive behaviors and mental disorders and for the promotion of spiritual intelligence of students of medical sciences.
Notes on Test and Estimation in Comparison of Three Treatments under A Simple Carry-Over Three-Period Model
Authors: Lui Kung-Jong
Published: April 2018

Under the three-treatment three-period crossover design with simple carry-over effects, we derive the least-squares estimators for period effects, treatment effects and carry-over effects, as well as their covariance matrix in closed and explicit expressions. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we compare the test procedure adjusting carry-over with that ignoring carry-over with respect to Type I error and power. We further compare interval estimators adjusting carry-over with those ignoring carry-over with respect to the coverage probability and the average length. When the variation of responses within patients is small, the test procedure and interval estimators ignoring carry-over can lose accuracy in the presence of carry-over effects. When the variation of responses within patients is large, this loss of accuracy may become small or even minimal. We note that the loss of efficiency due to the adjustment of carry-over under the simple carry-over three-period crossover design is moderate, and is much less than that found for a two-period crossover design. We use the double-blind three-period crossover trial comparing formoterol solution aerosol and salbutamol suspension aerosol with a placebo for patients suffering from exercise-induced asthma on the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to illustrate the use of test procedures and interval estimators discussed here.
Non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis of heavy oil in an O2/CO2 atmosphere
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Liu Ming , Cheng Xingxing , He Yusheng , Hu Yingjie , Ma Chunyuan
Published: April 2018

Although heavy oil is an abundant and promising energy source, its processing and utilization are complicated due to its high density, low hydrogen/carbon ratio, and high asphaltene content. Fortunately, these problems can be mitigated by the application of oxy-fuel combustion. To gain deeper insights into the above technology, the characteristics of heavy oil combustion in an O2/CO2 atmosphere was investigated using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. We demonstrate that the combustion process consisted of four stages. Low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons reacted at low temperature, whereas heavy ones required a higher temperature. Increasing the concentration of oxygen resulted in increased TGA and DSC peak intensities and decreased peak widths, and these peaks were shifted to lower temperatures. Coat-Redfern and Flynn-Wall-Ozzawa methods were used to evaluate the kinetic parameters (E, A) of the oxidation process, showing that the high-temperature activation energy was much higher than the low-temperature one due to the different molecular weights of the oxidized substrates in each region. The reaction was demonstrated to be diffusion-controlled, as reflected by the lower activation energy at high oxygen concentration and high temperature, with the influence of oxygen concentration on QO processes being much more obvious than that on SO ones.
A PBM-CFD Model with Optimized PBM-Customized Drag Equations for Chemisorption of CO2 in a Bubble Column
Authors: Liu Qi , Liang Xiao-Fei , Luo Xian-Jin , Luo Zheng-Hong
Published: April 2018

In this work, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach based on two-fluid model (TFM) is introduced to describe the reversible two-step reactions found in the chemisorption process of${\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}$by an aqueous${\text{NaOH}}$solution in a lab-scale bubble column reactor. The population balance model (PBM) is applied to track the bubble size distribution with considering the coalescence and breakage terms, which then leads to a CFD-PBM model for describing the chemisorption of CO2in an aqueous${\text{NaOH}}$solution. Drag force is considered for the interfacial momentum transfer and a modified PBM-customized drag model with the correction factor is subsequently adopted, in which the contribution of different bubble size groups in each computational cell is computed. The tested boundary conditions include superficial gas velocities, gas-inlet sparger and the reactor dimension. Detailed and comprehensive investigations are done in the evolution of gas holdup, pH value, concentration distribution and bubble diameter distribution which are essential in optimizing the reactor performance in terms of yield and selectivity. Importantly, the current CFD-PBM model is able to predict the entire reaction process.
Simultaneous Diesel and Oxygen Transfer Rate on the Production of an Oil-degrading Consortium in an Airlift Bioreactor: High-dispersed Phase Concentration
Authors: Dutta Abhishek , Valdivia-Rivera Sergio , Lizardi-Jiménez Manuel Alejandro
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study was to simultaneously evaluate diesel transfer rate (DTR) and oxygen transfer rate (OTR) on the production of an oil-degrading consortium in a three-phase airlift bioreactor (ALB) working at high hydrocarbon phase concentration with the purpose of determine whether the oxygen transfer rate is increased or diminished by an increase in the oil-phase concentration. Increase in hydrocarbon concentration allows an increase in DTR and a consequently higher DTR/OTR ratio thus avoiding hydrocarbon mass transfer limitations. This study demonstrates evidence that at high diesel concentrations, the main carbon fate is the production of biosurfactants.
Design of Filter based Wide Area Damping Controllers in Power System
Authors: Bhadu Mahendra , Senroy Nilanjan
Published: April 2018

In this paper, the concept of analog filter circuit is used for designing of wide area damping controller (WADC) in power system. The designed continuous mode filter based WADC is robust enough to deal with the problem of imperfect communication medium, which include process noise, measurement noise and signal latency in wide area remote signal. Residue method is used for the selection of wide area control signal and controller location. Modelling of imperfect communication network is done using Pade approximation and by inserting Gaussian random noise. The effectiveness of filter based WADC as a power system stability agent is assessed in the frequency domain using two typical test power systems and via appropriate time domain simulations based upon the non-linear model on MATLAB/Simulink software platform.
Real Time Harmonic Mitigation Using Fuzzy Based Highly Reliable Three Dual-Buck Full-Bridge APF for Dynamic Unbalanced Load
Authors: Patel Ranjeeta , Panda Anup Kumar
Published: April 2018

This study presents a highly reliable 3-phase 4-wire, three dual-buck full-bridge shunt active power filter (3 DB FB APF) for distribution system. The proposed topology uses three single phase dual buck full bridge inverter sharing the same dc-link capacitor with high utilization of dc-bus voltage. The dual buck inverter circuit composed of one power switch and one diode leg instead of two power switches conventional inverter leg effectually eliminate the undesirable “shoot-through” phenomenon occurs in conventional inverter circuit. The fuzzy and adaptive hysteresis current controller based id-iqcontrol strategy has been adopted to generate optimized switching frequency. For validation, the proposed topology is implemented in the OPAL-RT LAB using OP5142-Spartan 3 FPGA. The dynamic performance of the proposed 3 DB FB APF is assessed for sinusoidal, unbalanced and non-sinusoidal voltage source condition with unbalanced non-linear load that is when both three-phase and single-phase loads are present in the system. Besides, the results with proportional-integral (PI) controller are compared with FLC in terms of harmonic compensation. Furthermore, a comparison has been made between split capacitor dual buck half bridge active power filter (2C DB HB APF) and proposed 3 DB FB APF based on switch power rating.
Official bilingualism meets de facto multilingualism: public service interpreting for the Chinese in Catalonia
Authors: Vargas-Urpi Mireia
Published: April 2018

Catalonia is well known for being a bilingual region with language policies that give full support to promoting Catalan. More recently, the number of languages spoken in Catalonia has risen significantly due to immigration flows, while immigration policies encourage all citizens living in Catalonia to be able to communicate in Catalan with the public Administration. The same immigration policies, however, also acknowledge that interpreting (or intercultural mediation) may be necessary to facilitate immigrants’ rights to access public services during the first few years they are living in Catalonia. This article analyses the relationship between a minoritized language (Catalan), a dominant language (Spanish) and a group of recently arrived languages (Standard Chinese and other Chinese varieties) from the perspective of public service interpreting. It discusses some of the results of an empirical qualitative research which included: (a) interviews with public service interpreters and intercultural mediators working with Chinese living in Catalonia, (b) interviews with managers and coordinators in charge of interpreting or mediation services, and (c) questionnaires answered by Chinese users of public services in Catalonia. This research depicts a complex reality: it not only reflects interpreters’ and managers’ biases towards Spanish or Catalan, often motivated by their place of origin or life experience, but also the challenges when dealing with linguistic variation, i.e. the variety of languages (geolects and mutually unintelligible dialects) included under the umbrella term of Chinese.
Aged coconut oil with a high peroxide value induces oxidative stress and tissue damage in mercury-treated rats
Authors: Abarikwu Sunny O. , Njoku Rex-Clovis C. , Onuah Chigozie L.
Published: April 2018

Background

Exposure to mercury (Hg) and the ingestion of peroxidized edible oil represent a health risk. This study evaluated the effects of peroxidized coconut oil (CO) on the liver and kidney of rats treated with Hg.

Methods

Male albino Wistar rats were administered HgCl2 and CO separately or as a combination for 21 days. The concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), which were used as markers of oxidative stress were measured in the liver and kidney homogenates. The activities of gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as the levels of bilirubin and creatinine (CREA) as markers of liver and kidney functions were analyzed in the serum.

Results

The level of MDA in the kidney and liver homogenates was significantly increased in the HgCl2, CO, and CO+HgCl2 groups when compared to control values (p<0.05). Liver SOD activity and GSH level were increased and CAT activity was decreased, whereas kidney GSH level and SOD activity were decreased and CAT activity was increased in the CO and CO+HgCl2 groups when compared to control values (p<0.05). The increase in CREA and bilirubin levels as well as γ-GT and LDH activities observed in the CO+HgCl2 group when compared to the control values (p<0.05) were associated with pathological changes in both tissues, and were considered to be due to oxidative stress.

Conclusions

In summary, peroxidized CO and Hg alone or in combination induces oxidative damage in the liver and kidney of rats.