bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between Shame and Fear. Review of Selected Cognitive Models of Shame in Lithuanian (On the Basis of Text and Lexicographic Data)
Authors: Bogdzevič Monika
Published: December 2020

Linguistic and cultural research of concepts of emotional states and values finds its place among the most frequently chosen research directions in contemporary linguistics. Such popularity could be determined, on the one hand, by the desire to penetrate the complicated mental structure of human consciousness and its cognitive and cultural determinants. On the other hand, it is due to the belief in close links between language, human cognitive abilities and culture, resulting from cognitive sciences, as well as treating the research on linguistic structures and semantics of language as a tool for reaching the way of understanding and evaluating the world (cf. Bartmiński 2007; Geeraerts 2006, Evans, Green 2006). This conviction is of particular importance in the study of the lexicalization of objects and abstracts invisible to the naked eye, including emotional states.One of the main goals of the analysis of the names of emotions is revealing the way of understanding and evaluating the underlying emotional states and the experiences associated with them. In order to achieve this goal, conceptual representations of individual categories of feelings are reconstructed on the basis of the American cognitive models proposed by cognitive scientists or the base image profiles proposed by J. Bartmiński. The aim of this article is to present cognitive models and lexical units related to them, which constitute a specific borderline of emotional states of SHAME and FEAR, e. g. shame as fear of rejection, fear as a consequence of shame, etc. Thus, these are cases of linguistically certified transmissions of certain aspects of the feeling of shame and fear and their mutual convergence. The analysis presents a linguistic image of the areas of emotional experiences that constitute the periphery of the category of feelings from the family of SHAME, but not yet included in the category of feelings of FEAR in its basic sense.
Truth in Language: Textual Data Analysis
Authors: Snukiškienė Irena
Published: December 2020

The article presents Lithuanian linguistic cultural image of truth reconstructed from textual data. Textual data consists of contemporary and archaic (folklore and paremia) texts. The picture of truth distinguished from the textual data is highly philosophical, what proves the opinion that language is the reflection of a nation’s philosophy and worldview. Contemporary Lithuanian language reflects two main semantic aspects of truth: absolutism and relativism. Absolutism views truth as eternal and unique, forming the background of peoples’ lives. This type of truth usually has its source in religion. Subjectivism views truth as subjective and relative, depending on time, circumstances and opinions. The boundary between subjective truth and lie is very vague. This type of truth is never unique and has a pragmatic aspect which is either collective or individual. However, the dialogue of different sides is very important as it can help to achieve the final, objective truth. Epistemological aspect of truth is also salient. Two main aspects concerning truth cognition are scepticism and dogmatism. Cognition and knowledge is seen as the way to achieve the truth; however, sceptical question is raised whether truth cognition is possible at all. Dogmatism accepts certain facts or dogmas as naturally true. Truth is usually presented as unpleasant, painful, dangerous and unclear; however, it is highly important. Textual data also reflect a lot of opposites of truth: lie, unknown, myth, bluff, artificiality, half-truth, benefit.
Expression of Value System in the Samogitian Daily Discourse of the 2nd Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Pajėdienė Jūratė
Published: December 2020

The analysis of the material found in the sources of the Samogitian discourse of the second half of the 20th century, which builds upon the model of the categorization of values proposed by Viktor E. Frankl, makes it clear that the Samogitian daily discourse mainly focuses on creative values. Work is described as essential to everyone and making no harm to the human being. The person’s diligence is associated with one’s abilities, agility, understanding and trustworthiness, because many jobs require people’s collective action. Samogitians are convinced that diligence enables the person to live, to get rich and experience the meaning of life. Both personally and as a member of an ethnic community a Samogitian construes diligence as a quality giving an advantage over others and providing good grounds to brag. The possibility of subsistence and the quality of life are linked with work. However, excessive diligence is considered harmful, and therefore Samogitians advise not to forget common sense while working.The values which are based on experience and feeling are discussed far less commonly. In the sources of Samogitian discourse the expression of exper iential values is linked with joy and surprise about simple objects from the daily environment and the intention to draw the interlocutor’s attention towards them. Love is described as a universal feeling, but Samogitians are not prone to talk openly about it, unless they speak about the stories of their past.The person actualizes attitudinal values whenever he or she is confronted with the restrictions of life and reacts to the suffering sent by one’s fate. Samogitians are used to describe every person’s situation as resulting from the higher force or determined by one’s fate. The gift of life is described as meaningful per se and providing self-confidence.Hardships, troubles and pain are described as temporary conditions, which are easier to live through when one knows that it is always better to be alive than dead. Ethical values always require people to refuse certain temptations. Circumspection allows individuals to avoid deception in the form of abuse or flattery and to keep one’s dignity. The promotion of respect towards another and self-respect is based on the principle of equality by proposing not to treat others as you would not want them to treat you.The available sources of Samogitian discourse include a number of observations that the continuously improving conditions of life and work change people’s behaviour and values: an easier life changes people’s communication towards seclusion and alienation, reduces diligence and concern over the future, promotes effeminacy and lack of self-restraint expressed through the choice of a less virtuous lifestyle. According to interlocutors, the Samogitian language itself changes as well.
Two-stage threecomponent synthesis of 6,11-diaza-1,5(2,5)-dioxazole- 3(1,2)-benzenecycloundecapha ne-14,54- dicarbonitrile
Authors:   V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Merzhyievskyi D.O. , Shablykin O.V. ,   V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Shablykina O.V. ,   V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Shevchenko N.M. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Brovarets V.S. ,   V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: December 2020

The possibilities of 2-amino-3,3-dichloroacrylonitrile (ADAN) used for the construction of macrocyclic structures such as cyclophanes with two oxazole fragments are investigated. For this purpose, bifunctional reagents were used in the classic ADAN transformation into 5-amino-4-cyanooxazoles (sequential treatment of ADAN with acyl chloride and a primary or secondary amine). As a result of the reaction of 2,2'‎-(1,2-phenylene)-diacetyl chloride with 2 eq of ADAN, a compound with two acrylonitrile fragments, 2,2' ‎- (1,2-phenylene)bis(N- (2,2-dichloro-1-cyanovinyl)acetamide), was obtained. In this substance, both ADAN residues can interact with amines and form oxazole cycles: for example, the treatment with an excess of dimethylamine produces 2,2'‎ - (1,2-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(5-(dimethylamino)oxazole-4-carbonitrile). The target macrocyclic structure was obtained by the interaction of 2,2'‎ - (1,2-phenylene)bis(N-(2,2-dichloro-1-cyanovinyl)acetamide) with butane-1,4-diamine, as a result the simultaneous forming of both oxazole rings and an aliphatic bridge connected with them was happened. At this stage, it was used a procedure, that is typical of the creation of macrocyclic structures based on polyfunctional reagents, — strong dilution (about 0.04 M). The molecule of the synthesized 6,11-diaza-1,5(2,5)-dioxazole-3(1,2)-benzenecycloundecaphan-14,54-dicarbonitrile has high spatial symmetry, which is confirmed by the presence of only one series of peaks in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra (for example, the butane-1,4-diamine fragment in the aliphatic part of the spectrum looks likes two triplets). The formation of a macrocyclic structure is evidenced by HPLC-MS data, as well as homo- and heteronuclear correlations in the NMR spectra. The proposed procedure for the synthesis of 6,11-diaza-1,5(2,5)-dioxazole-3(1,2)-benzenecycloundecaphan- 14,54-dicarbonitrile is based on the use of simple and inexpensive reagents, and the total yield of the target substance in two stages starting with the 2,2'‎ - (1,2-phenylene)diacetyl chloride, is 51 %.
Population Registers as the Core of the System Registers in Northern European Countries
Authors: PUHACHOVA M. V. , GLADUN O. M.
Published: December 2020

Electronic registry systems, established in many European countries, have long proven their eff ectiveness in various areas of the functioning of the state and separate fi rms and in improving the interaction of the population with government and private organizations. Population registers have a special place in the systems of registers. Th ey provide comprehensive and complete personal information, while saving time and eff ort in solving urgent problems, requests and requirements related to health, education, property, employment, pensions, social assistance, etc. Population registers have also proven their eff ectiveness in recent rounds of population and housing censuses. Northern European countries are pioneers in the creation and use of population register systems. Th e relevance of the article for Ukraine is due to: the active development of various registers, which, however, interact poorly with each other and do not constitute a holistic system; the need to take into account the experience of advanced countries in creating a full-fl edged system of registers. Th e purpose of the article is to summarize the experience of northern European countries in the creation and operation of register systems and to determine the role of the central population register as one of the basic registers. Th e novelty of the article lies in a generalized and comparative analysis of the register systems of the Nordic countries, a study of the role of the central population register and other basic and specialized registers as providers of information about the population. Research methods: systems analysis, scientifi c generalization, comparative analysis, methods of research of complex systems. Th e article investigates the general aspects of the creation and use of population registers in Northern Europe. A characteristic feature of northern European countries, in contrast to Ukraine, is the systematic in creation of separate registers, when a certain administrative register immediately determines the place in the general system and the relationship with other, primarily basic, registers. Th e example of two of the most advanced countries in this issue - Denmark and Norway — analyzes the measures to create systems of personal identifi cation numbers and the practice of using these numbers in registry systems. Examples of subsystems of health and education registers, as well as some other registers containing personalized information, are given. Based on the experience of northern European countries, proposals are formulated to create a real functioning system of registers in Ukraine.
The Influence of Employment Abroad on Childbearing Behaviour of Return Migrants
Authors: MAIDANIK I. P.
Published: December 2020

Th e purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of temporary employment abroad on the reproductive activity of return migrants in Ukraine. Th e novelty of the study lies in establishing the quantitative eff ect of international migration experience on the reproductive behavior of return migrants, determining the impact of the presence and number of siblings on respondents’ childbearing activity. Th e main methods used are comparison, grouping and indicators standardization. Th e baseline data and calculations presented in this publication are grounded on the results of a sample study carried out within the TEMPER project, which has surveyed 736 persons with an experience of employment in Italy or Poland and 509 respondents who have never worked outside of Ukraine. It is found that among return migrants one person has an average of 1.09 children, while among non-migrants the corresponding fi gure is 1.26. To avoid the impact of diff erences in gender and age structure between the two categories of respondents age-specifi c coeffi cients of the average number of children per person are calculated in the article and the procedure of their standardization is applied. Th e standardized average number of children per one woman of reproductive age from the group of return migrants is 1.10, which is only 0.01 less than the value of the actual indicator. For women of the same age who had never worked abroad, the fi gure is 1.41. If women of childbearing age with migration experience were to have on average the same number of children as women from non-migratory group have, the total number of child -ren of this category of persons would be 25 % higher than the actual one. Th e overall impact of the educational levels of both parents on the average number of children is revealed: returnees with higher education who have a partner with the same educational level have an average 1.21 children; in couples where one partner has higher education and the other secondary, the corresponding fi gure was 1.3; in cases where both spouses have diplomas of secondary level, the analyzed fi gure is 1.62 (for non-migrants, the coeffi cients were 1.28; 1.57 and 1.76 respectively).
Asymmetric of the Characteristics оf “Decent Work” Within the Aspects of Regional Human Development
Authors: OTKYDACH M. V.
Published: December 2020

Applying asymmetry coeffi cients to investigate the “decent work” component in an index model of regional human development is proposed. Th e author presents the methodology for measuring asymmetry for aspects of human development and calculates asymmetry coeffi cients for the “decent work” aspect. Th e article analyzes the manifestations of asymmetry in leading regions and in regions with low subindex rate and gives the graphical representation of asymmetry concerning to the perfectly symmetric situation and the division of regions into groups according to the level of their asymmetry coeffi cients. Th e main characteristics that provoke asymmetry in the regions are identifi ed and the nature of their impact on human development is determined. Th e Matrix form presents the results of the division of regions by the level of decent work development and the degree of asymmetry of the component “decent work”. Th is analysis shows that there is a signifi cant positive relationship between the asymmetry index and the subindex rates of the decent work aspect. At the same time, it is revealed that a low asymmetry is not always accompanied by positive achievements. Th e problems of regional peculiarities are actualized today in the context of human development studies. Th ere is a special interest in establishing the sub-index aspects of human development, in particular the decent work. From now on, there is a need for more detailed methodological approaches, as well as a better analysis of the situation, process and to fi nd out the disproportions in the labor markets of Ukrainian regions. Th e purpose of the article is to present results of measuring the asymmetry of decent work components in an index model of regional human development. Th e methods of research are the following: logical analysis, generalization and analogy, statistical data analysis, graphical method, economic and mathematical modeling. Th e methodological basis of the presented research is the modern studies of human development. Th e novelty of the paper is the implementation of the new research idea of using asymmetry coeffi cients to investigate the decent work component within an index model of regional human development.
Features of formation and development of lease relations in Tavriya province (2nd half of XIX century – 1917)
Authors: Chernikova Nataliia
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the process of formation and development of lease relations in the agrarian sector of Tavria province in the second half of the 19th century-1917 in the conditions of vendible farming and animal husbandry development. The causes of widespread leasing and the specificity of this process in different counties of the province are analyzed. The role of landlord ownership in the formation of the lease fund of the region is determined. The vast lands served as a significant source of productive and non-productive profit for the local nobility. Few owners of capitalist-type farms used the proceeds of the lease to modernize their farms. Lease was the main means of land use for the vast majority of nobles. The ways of involving the Taurian peasantry in the lease relations in the conditions of its property and social differentiation are revealed here. Attention is drawn to the fact that the wealthy peasantry was the main tenant who used the leased land primarily for the organization of commercial agriculture. Characterization of the types of land constituting the lease fund of the region have been made. It has been found that private ownership constituted its vast majority, as well as peasant allotments, treasury lands and private institutions. The specifics of the lease of state-owned lands in Tavria province are shown. A wide variety of statistical sources cover the types of land leases and regional features of their using. Skopschina was a popular form of rent; however, on the areas of commercial agriculture, there was a dynamic development of monetary rent as a characteristic feature of capitalist housekeeping. The dynamics of changes in rental prices in the context of species and regional differentiation are traced. The advantages and disadvantages of rent for the owners and tenants of the province are highlighted. It was concluded that the lease occupied an important place in the land tenure and land using of the population of Tavria province - above all, the nobility and the peasantry as the main subjects of lease relations and makers of agricultural products. It contributed to the development of entrepreneurship and the strengthening of capitalist forms of farming in the countryside.
The “last” wave of decommunization of urbanonimics in Ukraine and Poland: a comparative analysis
Authors: Kuczabski Oleksandr , Kopec Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

The features of decommunization on the example of the toponymic policy of Ukraine and Poland are explored in the article. The “last” wave of decommunization of the city toponymics, which began in 2014 and peaked in 2015–2017, was the object of interest. 14 Ukrainian and Polish cities were selected for comparative research. The study covered all decommunization legal acts in selected cities. 451 urbanonims were analyzed, the vast majority of which were decommunizated in Ukraine (89%). Polish cities accounted for 11% of the total renamed amount, respectively.The content-statistical analysis made it possible to determine the scale of urbanonymy changes, the recurrence of old and new urbanonymy in the sample under study. The classification of old and new names has been carried out in terms of persons, events, or other objects and phenomena. As a result, objective information was obtained to assess the scale, intensity, and territorial characteristics of urban changes in both states. It has been established that, although in general toponymic decommunization was supported and understood in both states by a significant part of society, it caused certain ideological, political, organizational, and competence contradictions. Decommunization toponymic policy in Ukraine and Poland has not only common but also distinctive features. In particular, the renaming in Ukraine turned out to be several times larger than the Polish one. Along with the signs of decommunization, it also bore signs of de-Russification of symbolic space. Decommunized names in Ukraine turned out to be, on the whole, more neutral, compromise and de-ideologized. It was revealed that, unlike the Ukrainian one, the Polish judicial system often defended local self-government bodies from attempts by the central government under the guise of decommunization to interfere in local urbanonymy politics.
Political conflict hybrid type: global and regional measurement
Authors: Berezovska-Chmil Olena , Kobets Yuliia
Published: December 2020

The authors of the article have studied the nature, forms, causes, driving forces, specifics of political conflicts of the hybrid type. The content of the concept of "political conflict of the hybrid type", its difference from the concept of hybrid wars and modern armed conflicts are analyzed; it is emphasized that the political conflict of the hybrid type often manifests itself as a combination of military and non-military methods of conducting foreign policy by some modern states. It is detected that opponents in the political conflict of the hybrid type use a spectrum of non-military facilities of influence such as political, economic, social, environmental, and other means. In the case of military confrontation, various types of weapons are added to the features of this type of conflict. The hypothesis about the expediency of interpretation of the term "hybrid-type political conflict" is expressed not only as a general name for the latest form of military-political conflict, but also as the name of a single (unique) historical event. In this new perspective, hybrid warfare appears as the highest type of conflict to be correlated with the Cold War and the well-known wars with their own names. It has been proven that hybrid conflicts, hybrid threats and hybrid wars are considered as important feature of the international security environment in a state of systemic crisis today. At the same time, the military and analytical communities lack unity in understanding the phenomenon of hybrid warfare. The study clarifies and systematizes the leading modern concepts and theories regarding the definition of the features and nature of the phenomenon of "hybrid warfare". The views of the problem of leading Ukrainian and foreign scientists are considered in the course of the work. From the standpoint of the synthesized approach, the features of global and regional military-political conflicts of the hybrid type are established. The mutual influence of such conflicts on world political processes and the world community, geopolitical players of the formation of hybrid threats is rated.
Political, Social and Religious Aspects of Georgian-Persian Diplomacy
Authors: Baindurashvili Khatuna
Published: December 2020

Article was prepared within the scopes of grant funded by Shota Rustaveli National Scientific Fund of Georgia (FR 17-554 Documentary Sources (Deeds, Epigraphic Inscriptions, Colophons) in the First half of 17th c. (1600-1662) about the Kings of Kartli and Kakheti (research and publication of sources). For thorough study of Iran-Georgian relationships in 16th – 17th centuries research of Georgian-Persian historical documents is of particular interest. These historical documents provide valuable data about social, administrative and state institutes in Georgia.Georgian-Persian historical documents describe dynamically the political, social and religious processes that have taken place in Eastern Georgia due to intervention of Safavid Iran in 16th-17th centuries. Studying of the separate segments of diplomatic monuments – interrelations between Georgian and Persian texts provide precise illustration of Georgian reality and specific nature of political, social and religious relations between Iran and Georgia.Research of Georgian-Persian bilingual deeds clearly shows attempts of Iran to intervene into Georgian landholding system and its substitution with Iranian-Moslem one; Invocation of Georgian kings and the legends on their Persian seals clearly demonstrate the political and religious influence to which they were subjected as a result of Safavid censorship. Based on all these, we can imagine specific nature of operation of Georgian secretariat-chancellery, see the movement of the documents from their composition to their entry into legal force and the term of their effectiveness.Studying of the seals on Persian and Georgian texts of diplomatic monuments allowed identification of important chancellery officials participating in issuance of Georgian-Persian documents, as well as in their consideration and approval.Georgian texts of bilingual documents, with their contents and structure, were entirely based on Georgian traditions of paperwork while the Persian texts complied with Iranian requirements. Iranian diplomatic formulas were adapted to Georgian reality.Georgian-Persian historical deeds provide unbiased description of severe reality resulting from religious and political power of Iran in Eastern Georgia; and Georgians had to fight for maintaining their state, national and religious identity.
Bond Strength Evaluation of Bulk- fill Composites to Dentin Under Different Surface Treatments
Authors: Bas Kazım , Uslu Cender Ebru
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the shear bond strength of three high-viscosity bulk-fill composite resins applied as single layers of 4mm thickness and of one microhybrid composite resin applied incrementally with a thickness of 2mm on dentin surfaces prepared with different surface preparation methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 132 caries-free human molars whose dentines had been exposed were used. Three groups, each containing 44 teeth, were formed. The acid group was etched with 32% phosphoric acid; laser group was etched with Er, Cr; YSGG laser and the control group was prepared with silicon carbid paper. Following the application of bonding agent, composite resin materials were applied on teeth using teflon moulds of 4x4mm. The samples were then subjected to shear bond strength tests. Two-way variance analysis and Tukey HSD multiple comparison test were applied on collected data. Results: There was a significant difference between surface treatment methods used regarding shear bond strength (P<0.001). The highest shear bond strength values were detected in the “Acid” group while the lowest shear bond strength values were detected in the “control” group. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference among composite resins (P>0.05). Conclusions: Laser etching of the dentin tissues is not as effective as acid etching. Bulk-fill composites had similar effects compared with conventional composite resins with regard to bonding strength. More in vitro studies supported with clinical data are required to investigate the performance of bulk-fill composites and laser.
A talaj fixált ammónium-ion tartalmának hatása a talajvíz tisztulási folyamataira a szennyezőforrás felszámolását követően települési környezetben
Authors: Mester Tamás , Cavalli Daniele , Balla Dániel , Szabó György
Published: December 2020

Growing NH4+ content of groundwater results in increasing exchangeable and fixed ammonium ion content of the soil. NH4+ bond in the soil may go again into solution parallel with the dilution of the soil solution but at a slower rate than fixing. This process influences significantly the NH4+ content of the soil. In settlements with no sewerage system the high NH4+ content of sewage flowing out of uninsulated septic tanks may increase the fixed NH4-N content of the soil that could have a significant effect on the quality of groundwater even after the potential disappearance of pollution sources.

In this study the effects of the fixed NH4-N content of the soil around an uninsulated residential septic tank on the purification processes of the groundwater were investigated. The septic tank in the study area was dismantled in 2014 after 27 years of operation as a sewerage system was constructed. When the tank was still in operation in 2012 and 2013, very high, 55–75 mg l-1 NH4+ content was measured in the water of the monitoring well 1 metre from the tank in the course of seasonal sampling. When sewage outflow was terminated in 2014 concentrations decreased right away but even 5 years after pollutant supply was stopped, concentrations (35–57 mg l-1) highly exceeding the pollution limit (0.5 mg l-1) were measured. Considering this very high concentration, it can be assumed that great amount of NH4+ is still released into the groundwater.

In order to prove this, the exchangeable and fixed NH4-N and NO3-N contents of the soil were determined by 20 cm down to a depth of 4 metres (2019). The measurements indicated the significant accumulation of exchangeable and fixed NH4-N in the zone between 220 and 400 cm. Highest fixed NH4-N concentrations of 457 mg l-1 were found between 220 and 240 cm suggesting that sewage outflow was most intense at this depth. Slow decrease in concentrations can be observed in deeper zones but concentrations higher than 350 mg l-1 were measured between 220 and 380 cm. Based on correlation analyses, the quantity of fixed NH4-N shows no correlation with the soil texture thus it can be stated that the vertical pattern of NH4-N content is determined dominantly by sewage outflow and its depth. In the unsaturated zone of the borehole a significant accumulation of NO3-N was also identified. The maximum of NO3-N was found in the zone between 100 and 140 cm. The peak nitrate calculated for NO3- ion with a value >1300 mg kg-1 is 2.5 times the limit set for the nitrate content of the geological medium.

Based on the results, exchangeable and fixed NH4-N contents in the soil are still very high, 5 years after sewage outflow was stopped. The continuous solution of this component still contributes to the high NH4+ content of the groundwater. As a result, the contaminated soil in the immediate environment of the septic tank is still a pollution source.
Kadmiumstressz detektálására alkalmazható in situ és destruktív mérési módszerek összehasonlító vizsgálata búzán
Authors: Kelemen Bettina , Füzy Anna , Cseresnyés Imre , Parádi István , Kovács Ramóna , Rajkai Kálmán , Takács Tünde
Published: December 2020

The effects of cadmium (Cd) stress and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculation were investigated in wheat [Triticum aestivum L. cv. TC-33] under controlled conditions. The experiments aimed to reveal what stress responses belong to the different levels of Cd load in the growth medium (0; 1; 2,5 and 5 mg Cd kg-1 substrate). To detect the effect of Cd stress, we compared plant physiological and growth indicators measured with both in situ and destructive methods. Electrical capacitance (CR) was evaluated during the experiments as a method to indicate stress responses through of Cd-induced root system changes.

During the growth period, the photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm), the chlorophyll content index (CCI) of the leaves, and the CR of the root-soil system were monitored in situ. After harvest, the membrane stability index (MSI), the cadmium and phosphorus concentrations of the plants, the root dry mass (RDM), the shoot dry mass (SDM) and the leaf area (LA) were measured. The root colonization of AM fungi was estimated by microscopic examination. Data matrices were evaluated with principal component analysis (PCA) which had been proved to be a good statistical method to the sensitivity between measurement methods.

Taking all parameters into account in the PCA, a complete separation was found between the contaminated and non-contaminated variants along the main component PC1. The measured values of the Cd1 treatment sometimes overlapped with that of control plants, but differed from that of the Cd2 and Cd3 doses. The parameters well reflected that AMF inoculation alleviated the stress caused by Cd. PCA shows a visible effect of AM, but the separation between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants is weaker than that between Cd contaminated and non-treated ones. The Cd stress significantly decreased the Fv/Fm, CCI, CR, SDM, RDM and LA. The CR and growth parameters proved to be the best indicators to characterize the Cd phytotoxicity in the TC-33 wheat cultivar.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: certain aspects of the use in obstetric clinic
Authors:   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ukraine, Nazarenko L.H.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the pathogenetic basis of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in clinical medicine. Presented classification and list registered in Ukraine representatives of this group of drugs. Posted current understanding of the mechanisms of clinical efficacy of NSAIDs and side effects. Presented the information about the place NSPVP during pregnancy, risks to the fetus, positive aspects in the management of women with threatened preterm labor, pathological preliminary period, as well as a basic component of postoperative pain management after obstetric and gynecological operations. Key words: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, premature birth, preliminary period, postoperative analgesia.
Work Culture of Sundanese Transmigrant Community Sindangkasih Village Ranomeeto Barat District Konawe Selatan Regency
Authors: Turmudi Muhamad
Published: December 2020

This article provides an overview of the work culture of the Sundanese transmigrant community in Sindangkasih Village. Sindangkasih is a village located in the District of Ranomeeto Barat Barat, Konawe Selatan Regency opened as a residential area in 1968 through a transmigration program. The first generation of Sindangkasih Village community originated from the transmigration group came from several districts in West Java including Ciamis Regency, Tasik Malaya Regency, Garut Regency, Sumedang Regency, Majalengka Regency, Cirebon Regency, Kuningan Regency and Bandung Regency.Using qualitative methods this article finds that (1) the first generation of Sindangkasih Village people came from West Java with Sundanese ethnicity who joined transmigration in 1968 generally working as farmers (2) the next generation besides continuing to work as farmers, the people of Sindangkasih Village have chosen the profession as traders, builders, mechanics, car rental, barbershop and rice mill (3) the work culture formed from the efforts of the Sindangkasih village community is discipline, skillful, creative, openness and cooperation.
“To Thee Do We Send Up Our Sighs”
Authors: Campbell Eve
Published: December 2020

Public Marian shrines are a ubiquitous element of rural and urban landscapes in the Republic of Ireland. Largely dating from the mid-twentieth century, the monuments formed part of a broader process of reconfiguring the Irish landscape in the post-Independence period. In this photo essay I explore the monuments, reflecting on how they served to articulate restrictive gender norms influenced by nationalist discourse and Catholic teaching. I also look at contemporary material practices associated with the shrines and their role in more vernacular forms of Marian devotion outside the tightly regulated space of the Catholic Church.
(Uns)table assemblage
Authors: Finlay Nyree
Published: December 2020

An abandoned table in a forgotten avocational workroom exposes the temporalities of archaeological practice and conventional lithic artefact analysis, and reveals creative encounters around the co-creation of self and stone.
Weight of History
Authors: Starzmann Maria Theresia , Papoli-Yazdi Leila
Published: December 2020

In an attempt at situating the experiences of common people within larger historical structures, this paper takes inspiration from innovative historiographical approaches, in particular "history from below". After introductory thoughts on the practice of writing history, we trace several distinct yet interconnected moments in the political history of Iran that have unfolded over the course of three generations. Our textual narrative is accompanied by an artistic rendering, which not only encourages readers to recognize different formats through which the past can be accessed, but also invites them to experience history as an accumulation of storylines.
From a Laboratory of Power to a Laboratory of Violence
Authors: Rees Lea
Published: December 2020

Drawing on the theories of Michel Foucault’s Discipline and Punish, Hannah Arendt’s Origins of Totalitarianism and Wolfgang Sofsky’s The Order of Terror, this article takes the panoptic layout of Sachsenhausen concentration camp as a case study to explore the diverging intentions of disciplinary and absolute power. Research into the history, architectural layout and social hierarchies of Sachsenhausen can help us to understand the psychological impacts of the built environment and the social structure of the camp on its inmates. The article is based not only on scientific literature but also on eyewitness reports of survivors in the form of written accounts and visual history. Moreover, archaeological material of excavations carried out at Sachsenhausen offers insights into – otherwise undocumented – aspects of daily life, strategies of survival and ways of resistance of the prisoners.
Analysis of the residential mortgage market in the Ural Federal District
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russia, Zinovyeva Ekaterina G. , Balynskaya Natalya R. ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russia, Koptyakova Svetlana V. ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russia, Akhmetzianova Oksana O. ,   University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Published: December 2020

The relevance of this study stems from the fact that it analyzes the current situation on the mortgage market in Russia: the influence of macro-economic factors causes a fall in collateral value, dramatic increase in mortgage default and poor performance of the Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending (AHML). The study is aimed at investigating the current state of residential mortgage lending on the regional level in Russia by focusing on the case of the Ural Federal District. The study considers the interests of all the participants of this market: individual borrowers, state authorities, financial and credit institutions engaged in mortgage lending. The study analyzes statistical data on the primary residential mortgage market in the Ural Federal District provided by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, Federal State Statistics Service and the AHML. Results. Modern approaches to mortgage system evaluation are compared in order to identify and systematize the key criteria and statistical indicators characterizing the current state of this form of lending relationships. The analysis also brings to light the negative trends in mortgage lending in the Ural Federal District. As a part of our further research, we are going to develop a procedure for evaluating the performance of a mortgage system.
Across the Universe: Policy Support for Employment and Revenue in the Pandemic Recession
Authors: Decker Ryan A. , Kurtzman Robert J. , Lutz Byron F. , Nekarda Christopher J.
Published: December 2020

Using data from 14 government sources, we develop comprehensive estimates of U.S. economic activity by sector, legal form of organization, and firm size to characterize how four government direct lending programs—the Paycheck Protection Program, the Main Street Lending Program, the Corporate Credit Facilities, and the Municipal Lending Facilities—relate to these classes of economic activity in the United States. The classes targeted by these programs are vast—accounting for 97 percent of total U.S. employment—though entityspecific financial criteria limit coverage within specific programs. These programs notionally cover a far larger universe than what was targeted by analogous Great Recession-era lending policies. We relate our estimates to those from timely alternative data sources, which do not typically cover the majority of the economic universe.
Literatura juvenil e crítica feminista: emancipação nos contos de fada de Marina Colasanti
Authors: BARBOSA DA SILVA CORDEIRO MAISA , RIBEIRO RODRIGUES RAUER
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho analisa a representação de mulheres nos contos “A primeira só” e “São os cabelos das mulheres”, presentes nos livros Uma ideia toda azul (1979) e Com certeza tenho amor (2009), de Marina Colasanti. Nosso objetivo é defender que há, nos contos analisados, transgressões de gênero a partir da alteração do papel da mulher nos contos de fadas. Se, majoritariamente, nos contos de fadas, o destino das personagens mulheres é alterada a partir da interferência mágica ou masculina, em Colasanti as próprias mulheres modificam seu destino ao se posicionarem eticamente contra o domínio patriarcal. Os contos analisados apontam para o questionamento, no plano do literário, de valores patriarcais ainda vigentes, por meio de personagens que se debatem com a condição de assujeitamento na qual elas estão imersas.
Impacto da mudança de estratégia na gestão de projetos: estudo de caso em uma empresa do ramo petroquímico
Authors: Silva Jocieli Francisco da , Borba Maicon Carvalho de , Silva Débora Oliveira da , Silva Flávia Luana da
Published: December 2020

A busca por competitividade e inovação se torna algo cada vez mais importante no cenário atual. Comumente, Gestão de Projetos e Planejamento Estratégico atuam associados nas organizações, e o desalinhamento entre as partes pode originar resultados improdutivos. Mudanças estratégicas se tornam necessárias quando o cenário competitivo direciona para novas oportunidades de mercado, porém, planos anteriores estão em desenvolvimento e a adaptação correta busca provocar o menor impacto entre a Gestão de Projetos e Mudança. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar os impactos que a mudança de estratégia de uma organização traz para a gestão de projetos. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma empresa do ramo químico e petroquímico. Através desta pesquisa, foi possível identificar os impactos que a mudança de estratégia causa na gestão de projetos em uma organização e as abordagens utilizadas para minimizar os efeitos negativos. Reuniões periódicas, análise do objetivo do projeto ao final de cada etapa do pipeline e estudo da compatibilidade do projeto em relação à estratégia são abordagens utilizadas pela empresa para minimizar os impactos. Problemas relacionados a atraso no prazo de entrega, reprogramação de equipes, cumprimento de metas das equipes de processo e custos são características afetadas pela mudança de estratégia.
Framework para gestão de processos com a utilização do simulador Flexsim: estudo de caso em uma linha de montagem de tratores
Authors: Rosa Lucas Cruz , Bueno Wagner Pietrobelli
Published: December 2020

O cenário brasileiro no âmbito do agronegócio, a demanda diversificada de produtos e a alta concorrência de grandes empresas na produção de tratores e implementos agrícolas faz com que seja necessária a presença de políticas, metodologias e práticas capazes de efetuar melhorias nos procedimentos da empresa visando a eliminação de desperdícios com a finalidade de reduzir os custos do produto final. Para alcançar melhorias em uma linha de montagem de tratores de uma fábrica localizada no sul do Brasil e baseado em uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa e quantitativa, o estudo de caso propôs um framework para a gestão de processos produtivos com a aplicação de ferramentas como a simulação virtual, gráfico de Yamazumi, de balanceamento de operações e cronoanálise. Após a aplicação do estudo de caso, se conseguiu projetar um cenário futuro para linha de montagem com uma melhor distribuição das cargas de trabalho entre os operadores através do balanceamento de operações resultando na melhoria da capacidade de produção de dois tratores a mais por semana.
Indicadores no setor de suprimentos: um estudo exploratório nas indústrias fabricantes de embalagens flexíveis
Authors: Reckers Eduardo Bakkar , Goecks Lucas Schmidt , Gomes Ismael Becker , Nara Elpidio Oscar Benitez
Published: December 2020

Diversas empresas encontram dificuldades para maximizar o potencial de sua cadeia de suprimentos, pois falham em desenvolver um método de avaliação eficaz. Diante dessa problemática e da necessidade de se mensurar efetivamente a cadeia de suprimentos, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar os indicadores de desempenho. A pesquisa estruturou-se a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica e de um questionário para identificação dos principais indicadores da cadeia de suprimentos, que foi enviado para empresas de embalagens flexíveis do RS. A partir dos resultados e cálculos dos KPI, FCS e PVF, foram definidos rankings conforme o questionário. Para os KPI, os indicadores de maior importância foram: custo do produto vendido, OTD e qualidade do produto adquirido. Tratando-se dos FCS, foram definidos como mais importantes os custos operacionais, acuracidade do atendimento do pedido e o cumprimento de especificações técnicas de qualidade. Referente aos PVF, as melhores colocações foram qualidade, flexibilidade e custos. Por fim, este estudo contribui com a proposição de indicadores-chave de desempenho, a partir da literatura e apoiado por gestores de cadeias de suprimentos.
Percepção dos agricultores familiares sobre ergonomia e segurança em tratores agrícolas
Authors: Pereira Aline Soares , Dos Reis Ângelo Vieira , Ferreira Mauro Fernando , Gomes Mário Conill , Ojeda Elka Carolina
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a percepção dos agricultores familiares sobre os temas ergonomia e segurança em tratores agrícolas. A escolha do tema para a realização deste trabalho foi baseada na importância de compreender como os agricultores entendem os conceitos, visto que estão diretamente envolvidos na seleção dos tratores no momento da aquisição do mesmo. Os tratores agrícolas são máquinas amplamente utilizadas nas propriedades rurais, portanto, os fabricantes devem seguir as recomendações normativas e de legislação para assegurar o conforto e segurança durante a sua operação. Para atingir os resultados propostos utilizou-se um roteiro com algumas questões sobre ergonomia e segurança em tratores, este foi aplicado aos agricultores por meio de entrevistas. Após a análise dos dados, identificaram-se questões importantes a serem consideradas para construção de um sistema de avaliação de ergonomia e segurança para tratores novos utilizados na agricultura familiar. Entre essas questões destaca-se o entendimento do agricultor sobre o que é segurança, fundamentada em dois dispositivos previstos em normas, que são o cinto de segurança e o arco de proteção (EPC). E a definição sobre o termo conforto, que é percebida em tratores que possuem cabine, ar condicionado e assento com regulagens.