bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuatro décadas de historiografía del evolucionismo en España
Authors: Catalá Gorgues Jesús I.
Published: December 2013

La producción historiográfica sobre el evolucionismo en España ha dado lugar a un conjunto de trabajos originales muy apreciables, tanto en número como en calidad. Efectivamente, la difusión de las teorías evolucionistas ofrece materiales de estudio muy atractivos, bien desde el punto de vista de la historia de las ideas y de las teorías científicas, como desde la perspectiva de los estudios de la interacción social amplia que la ciencia establece con su entorno. Las profundas implicaciones ideológicas y religiosas que la cuestión evolucionista envuelve encuentran en el caso español un ejemplo especialmente interesante. Este artículo pretende ofrecer un panorama de las propuestas presentadas en los últimos cuarenta años, de modo que pueda servir como motivo de reflexión para nuevas líneas de investigación en el futuro.
Las ciencias y las razas en Brasil hacia 1900
Authors: Sánchez Arteaga Juan Manuel
Published: December 2013

El presente artículo trata de mostrar una visión panorámica sobre el modo en que la medicina y la antropología física brasileñas trataron la cuestión de las «razas» y el mestizaje durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, a la vez que los principios evolucionistas pasaban a ser aceptados por la ciencia nacional.
En busca de la biología. Reflexiones sobre la evolución
Authors: Sandín Máximo
Published: December 2013

Después de 150 años de concebir y tratar a la Naturaleza en términos de competencia, costebeneficio, explotación de recursos, estrategias…, hemos conseguido que ésta entre en «recesión». Este alejamiento de la realidad, de los fenómenos naturales, ha puesto en grave peligro el futuro de la Humanidad sobre nuestro planeta y hace necesaria, incluso urgente, la búsqueda de una concepción de la Biología basada en conceptos y vocabulario científicos que nos vuelva a conectar con la Naturaleza antes de que sea demasiado tarde.
Lamarck necesita a Darwin: la búsqueda de intención en el estudio de la evolución y de la historia
Authors: Moreno Juan
Published: December 2013

a teoría de Lamarck sobre herencia de caracteres adquiridos y sobre respuestas inmediatas a retos ambientales ha ofrecido una promesa de intencionalidad y protagonismo en el proceso evolutivo al ser humano y a los restantes organismos. La teoría de Darwin sobre evolución por selección natural no ofrece este consuelo y no presupone nada más que procesos de recambio gradual en poblaciones naturales. El estudio de la ecología, la etología, la neurobiología, la cultura animal, la psicología y la historia humana revela que las interpretaciones lamarckianas de los cambios y procesos de transmisión de caracteres presuponen siempre lo que pretenden explicar, es decir procesos previos de evolución darwiniana que garantizan la naturaleza adaptativa de las respuestas observadas. La búsqueda continua de dirección y de intención en los procesos evolutivos por muchos científicos sugiere la escasa aceptación de explicaciones materialistas como las que ofrece la teoría de Darwin.
Puerto del Pendulo, doubtful sound: la visita de la expedición Malaspina a Nueva Zelanda en busca de la verdadera forma de la tierra
Authors: King Robert J.
Published: December 2013

La expedición Malaspina tuvo por misión realizar una serie de experimentos utilizando un péndulo para medir la fuerza de la gravedad en los diferentes lugares recorridos durante el viaje. El objetivo inmediato consistió en establecer la longitud de un péndulo oscilando durante unos segundos a una latitud de 45º como unidad básica de un nuevo sistema métrico universal. Aunque la nueva unidad, el metro, fue finalmente establecida por otro principio diferente, los experimentos que llevó a cabo la expedición sobre la gravedad proporcionaron una información geodésica muy útil y por casualidad dieron lugar al primer trazado de mapa de Doubtful Sound, en Nueva Zelanda.
La antropología física y los «zoológicos humanos»: exhibiciones de indígenas como práctica de popularización científica en el umbral del siglo XX
Authors: Sánchez Arteaga Juanma
Published: December 2013

Durante todo el siglo XIX se celebraron en numerosos países diversas exposiciones de carácter «científico» en las que miembros de diferentes comunidades indígenas, especialmente transportadas desde sus tierras, eran exhibidos públicamente, tanto para instrucción del público lego como para el estudio in vivo por parte de especialistas en biología humana. Este trabajo presenta una breve descripción de algunas de estás exhibiciones y trata de ponerlas en relación con el discurso teórico de la biología humana del periodo.
Naturalismo, novela y sociedad en España entre los siglos XIX Y XX
Authors: Ortíz Carmen
Published: December 2013

La segunda mitad del siglo XIX es un periodo caracterizado por una muy importante presencia social de la ciencia, que incluso llega a permear las clases populares. Las teorías evolucionistas y algunas figuras como la del propio Darwin aparecen así en ámbitos en principio alejados de los de la creación científica. La utilización de conceptos y leyes de origen biológico para el diagnóstico y la práctica política frente a determinadas realidades sociales problemáticas, como la delincuencia o la pobreza, dio lugar al surgimiento de teorías y escuelas intelectuales que hicieron valer los principios evolucionistas de aplicación biológica al análisis de complejas realidades de desigualdad sociocultural. La atracción por la diferencia y por el método científico, junto a la posibilidad de observación de situaciones de pobreza y desigualdad social que el desarrollo industrial y la modernidad ponían delante de los escritores, provocaron un interés literario por la degeneración, física y cultural, de la humanidad que confluía con el de naturalistas y biólogos.
La formación científica y ejercicio profesional en España de Vicente Cervantes Mendo
Authors: Pastor Villegas José
Published: December 2013

Vicente Cervantes Mendo (Ledrada, Salamanca, 1758-México, 1829) fue un insigne científico hispanomexicano; hoy es patrimonio de España y México. Como una continuación de dos artículos recientes sobre su vida en España, este artículo trata de su formación científica, como farmacéutico y como botánico, y de su ejercicio profesional en Madrid. Dos informes de Casimiro Gómez Ortega de 1786, catedrático primero del Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, en relación con la Real Expedición Botánica a Nueva España (1787-1803), han servido para establecer conclusiones que precisan los aspectos estudiados y corrigen errores.
El movimiento de proyectiles en la mecánica de Diego Hurtado de Mendoza y la nueva dinámica renacentista
Authors: Iommi Echeverría Virginia
Published: December 2013

Este artículo examina la traducción hecha por Diego Hurtado de Mendoza de la Mecánica aristotélica en el contexto del ambiente científico-humanista italiano de mediados del siglo XVI. A partir del análisis de los últimos problemas sobre dinámica, se demuestra su estrecha relación con las obras de Piccolomini y Cardano; sugiriéndose además la originalidad de la interpretación hecha por el autor español del problema XXXIV basada en la combinación de la física tardomedieval y la explicación aristotélica.
Equívoca quintaesencia. Alquimia espiritual y moneda falsa en la España del siglo XVI
Authors: Tausiet María
Published: December 2013

Una de las principales obsesiones de la Edad Moderna consistió en determinar las nociones de verdadero y falso para aplicarlas a los distintos campos del saber y, de ese modo, fundamentar la separación entre lo lícito y lo prohibido. Dicha tendencia iba a afectar especialmente a los terrenos de la religión y la ciencia, haciéndose necesario distinguir no sólo verdaderos y falsos espíritus, reliquias o milagros, sino también verdaderos y falsos astrólogos y alquimistas. Situada a caballo entre el idealismo y el materialismo, la alquimia ejemplificaba especialmente dichas tensiones, como se comprobará a través del proceso incoado en 1593 contra un fraile del monasterio jerónimo de Santa Engracia de Zaragoza, a quien su prior acusó de fabricar «plata de humo y joyas de trasgos».
Salud comunitaria y acción social en el control epidemiologíco del tracoma infantil, España (1932-1939)
Authors: Bernabeu-Mestre Josep
Published: December 2013

En el contexto de la endemia tracomatosa que afectó a diversas regiones españolas hasta la década de 1960, se analizan los determinantes epidemiológicos del tracoma infantil y su abordaje desde el modelo de asistencia preventiva que encerraba el concepto de salud comunitaria que se perfiló en el período de entreguerras. La detección precoz de casos, unida a actividades preventivas, educativas, terapéuticas y de inspección, como las que llevaron a cabo las enfermeras visitadoras, contribuyeron al control de la enfermedad. Los resultados reafirman la validez de las estrategias de intervención horizontal de mejora de las condiciones higiénicas y de los factores medioambientales que explicaban la prevalencia del tracoma.
Antoine Thomas, SI como «Paciente» del Emperador Kangxi (R.1662-1722): Un estudio sobre la apropiación de la teriaca en la Corte Imperial
Authors: Puente-Ballesteros Beatriz
Published: December 2013

En el presente artículo me centro en la enfermedad y muerte de Antoine Thomas (28 de Julio, 1709) en Beijing. Lo cual servirá como estudio para aclarar ciertos aspectos del papel jugado por la medicina Jesuita, es decir, médicos Jesuitas y medicinas Jesuitas en la corte del emperador Kangxi (r. 1662-1722), el primero de los tres grandes emperadores de la dinastía Qing (1644-1911). Primero se presentará la red de poder, según se ve reflejada en los llamados memoriales de palacio de medicina, para poder llegar a una evaluación más profunda de la involucración médica de los Jesuitas, como médicos practicantes, proveedores de medicamentos extranjeros y como pacientes. Se demostrará que las circunstancias de la enfermedad y muerte de Thomas han de basarse en un análisis político y social del papel de la medicina de corte promovida por el emperador Kangxi. En segundo lugar, el estudio sobre Antoine Thomas también nos permitirá reflexionar sobre la deslocalización y apropiación de la teriaca en la corte china - uno de los medicamentos extranjeros en cuyo suministro posiblemente participaran los Jesuitas. Para terminar, presentaré numerosas referencias en documentos de archivo que arrojarán algo más de luz sobre la enfermedad y muerte de Thomas, y cómo fueron percibidas y tratadas en la corte imperial.
Confucianismo y democracia: ciudadanos, príncipes, individuos
Authors: De Prada García Aurelio
Published: December 2013

En este artículo se aborda la cuestión de si la democracia es o no compatible con la perspectiva que, según opinión generalizada, constituye la base de la cultura china: el confucianismo. Una perspectiva que es analizada tanto desde su marco contextual como en sí misma, cotejándola con el concepto de democracia. El resultado de todo ello lleva a la conclusión de que la democracia es ajena al confucianismo y por ello a la cultura china. Sin embargo, la democracia no es necesariamente incompatible con tal perspectiva hasta el punto de que cabría imaginar una síntesis entre ambas.
La política del acontecimiento. El “nacionalsocialismo privado” de Heidegger como totemismo ontológico
Authors: Llorente Jaime
Published: December 2013

El propósito del presente estudio es analizar las implicaciones políticas derivadas del concepto heideggeriano de Ereignis (“acontecimiento” o “evento apropiador”). Se trataría, tomando como hilo conductor el sentido de la expresión “nacionalsocialismo privado”, de mostrar el modo en el que Heidegger despliega (fundamentalmente en sus cursos y tratados inéditos de los años treinta) un larvado proyecto político derivado de sus tesis ontológicas. Un proyecto tendente a la disolución del sujeto como protagonista del devenir histórico, así como a su sustitución por la primacía de poderes supraindividuales y externos a la subjetividad tales como la “comunidad popular” o la “tierra natal”.
La creación política: con y más allá de Cornelius Castoriadis
Authors: Profumi Emanuele
Published: December 2013

¿Qué significa “la creación política”? Si deducimos esta idea general valorizando el discurso del filosofo contemporáneo Cornelius Castodiadis, cuando habla de proyecto de autonomía refiriéndose al proceso social-histórico donde nace la polis de Atenas, gracias al imaginario político griego, y donde se produce la revolución francesa a partir de la fin del cambio de la sociedad religiosa de la Edad Media, entonces podemos mostrar cuales son las presuposiciones lógica-ontológicas que constituyen las raíces de esta idea. Podemos aclarar su condición especifica y su condición general, como también su expresión concreta a nivel de praxis de transformación social-histórica. Para llegar a este resultado es necesario analizar críticamente las ideas principales que Castoriadis conecte con la idea y la práctica de autonomía, y, en particular, las ideas de social-histórico y de política. Encontrando en la filosofía practica de Aldo Capitini, filosofo de la religión, una confirmación importante de una posible traducción ético-política de estas presuposiciones.
X-RAY COLLIMATOR DESIGN USING MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS
Authors: Han Eun Young , Clarkson Richard , Sharma Sunil , Corry Peter M. , Moros Eduardo G. , Ratanatharathorn Vaneerat
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this study was to apply Monte Carlo (MC) based simulations to design a new collimation system to achieve a larger beam size (2 ± 0.1 cm) and tight penumbra (< 1 mm) with a kV X-ray small animal irradiator. The BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc MC-based programs were adapted to simulate the system. First the aperture of the primary collimator was expanded until the desired size of the beam was obtained. Subsequently, the beam was trimmed by reducing the aperture size of the secondary collimator in order to eliminate low energy scattered photons and sharpen the penumbra. Finally, the new collimator was constructed and the resultant dose distributions were evaluated with EBT2 film measurements. From the MC computed dose profiles, a 2.1 cm FWHM (1.9 cm width at 95% of the dose) and a sharp penumbra (< 1.0 mm) at 1.0 cm depth in water were obtained. Dose distribution comparisons between the EBT2 film measurements and the MC calculations showed acceptable agreement. MC-based calculation is an effective tool to expedite the creation of new collimator designs and avoid costly machining.
MUSCLE RECRUITMENT PATTERNS AND CONSISTENCY, AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH MOTOR TIME DURING A KARATE FRONT KICK
Authors: Wang Han-Chung , Li Jia-Da , Chien Hui-Lien , Hsieh Fu-Hsiu , Lu Tung-Wu
Published: December 2013

Adequate muscle recruitment patterns and their consistency are essential to achieve effective posture and force exertion during a karate front kick. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reaction time (RT), motor time (MT) and total response time (TRT), as well as their correlation during a front kick, and to investigate the muscle recruitment patterns and their consistency during motor time. Fourteen professional karate athletes (age: 23.7 ± 2.6 years; height: 174.6 ± 7.1 cm; mass: 72.8 ± 10.7 kg) participated in the current study. Each subject was instructed to pose in combat stance first and then to use their right leg to kick at an instrumented kicking target as soon as they saw the start signal. Surface electromyograms (EMG) were recorded from 16 muscles. Start and stop signals from the instrumented target were also recorded synchronously to obtain the TRT. Significant correlation between MT and TRT indicated that MT was a primary determinant for the TRT of the kick. The muscle recruitment synergies during karate front kicks were identified. When performing a front kick, the athletes initiated the postural adjustments of the supporting leg prior to the onset of the voluntary kick. A successful motion of the karate front kick was dependent not only on the kicking leg, but also on the supporting leg. Tibialis anterior, biceps femoris and gluteus maximus of the supporting leg were the primary muscles providing stabilization, while the ankle and knee flexors, and tensor fasciae latae of the kicking leg were dominant muscles for the kicking movement. These results provide important information on the patterns and the consistencies of the muscle recruitment for coaching a karate front kick, which should be helpful for a better understanding of the motor control strategies of a karate front kick and for developing a suitable training protocol.
Preliminary ground thermal data from field sites established summer 2013 along the Alaska Highway easement, Yukon
Authors: Smith S L , Ednie M
Published: December 2013

Cased boreholes along the Alaska Highway easement in the southern Yukon were acquired from TransCanada Pipelines Ltd. by the Geological Survey of Canada. Eight of the boreholes between KP1559 (near Haines Junction) and the Alaska border were instrumented for
ground temperature measurement in July 2013 to provide improved information on current permafrost conditions in the highway corridor. The initial data acquired shortly after installation of thermistor cables, indicates that ground temperatures are generally higher than -1°C except at one site
near the Alaska border where ground temperature is about -3°C. The instrumented sites will be maintained in collaboration with the Yukon Research Centre, Yukon Department of Highways and Public Works and the Yukon Geological Survey. Continuous data collection for at least one year will
facilitate characterization of ground thermal conditions in this portion of the corridor and provide updated information to support infrastructure design and decisions regarding development projects in the region.
Watershed mapping and monitoring for northern community impact assessment - Whale Cove, Nunavut
Authors: Budkewitsch P , Prévost C , Pavlic G , Pregitzer M
Published: December 2013

This report highlights the Whale Cove watershed assessment activity conducted by scientists from the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing at Natural Resources Canada and staff from the Nunavut research Institute (NRI). This activity included the use of high
resolution satellite imagery, airphotos, and on-site field surveys to map the watershed boundaries and lake depths of the supply lakes for Whale Cove.
This activity was also used as a technology transfer exercise, whereby staff from NRI was trained to understand and use a set of tools and solutions for conducting small lake surveys and for collecting GPS locations.
This document is copyright of Natural Resources Canada and contains copyrighted material of Digital Globe Inc, the provider of the Worldview-1tm high resolution satellite image shown in this report.
Digital computer files resulting from this project, and described in this document, are available upon request by contacting the project leader or project members. The digital files comprise of:
- Vector file of the watershed outline (ESRI shapefile.shp).
- Raster files illustrating the water depth model of the actual and former water supply lakes for Whale Cove (Geotiff.tif).
- Vector files illustrating the depth contours (isobaths) of the actual and former water supply lakes for Whale Cove (ESRI shapefile.shp).
- Tabular statistics featuring the water volume for the actual and former water supply lakes for Whale Cove.
- Lake volume statistics stored as .kml file (Keyhole Markup Language) viewable on tools such as Google Earth.
- Vector file illustrating the depth contours of the actual and former water supply lake for Whale Cove stored as an .img file compatible with Garmintm GPS map devices.
- Vector files illustrating the local roads and trails.
- A Worldview-1 digital elevation model (DEM).
- A 3D anaglyph image.
Health Care Utilization and Access to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing and Care and Treatment Services in a Rural Area with High HIV Prevalence, Nyanza Province, Kenya, 2007
Authors: Ackers Marta-Louise , Hightower Allen , Obor David , Ofware Peter , Ngere Lilian , Kubaje Adazu , Laserson Kayla F.
Published: December 2013

We present health and demographic surveillance system data to assess associations with health care utilization and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) service receipt in a high HIV prevalence area of western Kenya. Eighty-six percent of 15,302 residents indicated a facility/clinician for routine medical services; 60% reported active (within the past year) attendance. Only 34% reported a previous HIV test, and self-reported HIV prevalence was 6%. Active attendees lived only slightly closer to their reported service site (2.8 versus 3.1 km; P < 0.001) compared with inactive attendees. Multivariate analysis showed that younger respondents (< 30 years of age) and active and inactive attendees were more likely to report an HIV test compared with non-attendees; men were less likely to report HIV testing. Despite traveling farther for HIV services (median distance = 4.4 km), 77% of those disclosing HIV infection reported HIV care enrollment. Men and younger respondents were less likely to enroll in HIV care. Socioeconomic status was not associated with HIV service use. Distance did not appear to be the major barrier to service receipt. The health and demographic surveillance system data identified patterns of service use that are useful for future program planning.
The Role of Landscape Composition and Configuration on Pteropus giganteus Roosting Ecology and Nipah Virus Spillover Risk in Bangladesh
Authors: Hahn Micah B. , Gurley Emily S. , Epstein Jonathan H. , Islam Mohammad S. , Patz Jonathan A. , Daszak Peter , Luby Stephen P.
Published: December 2013

Nipah virus has caused recurring outbreaks in central and northwest Bangladesh (the “Nipah Belt”). Little is known about roosting behavior of the fruit bat reservoir, Pteropus giganteus, or factors driving spillover. We compared human population density and ecological characteristics of case villages and control villages (no reported outbreaks) to understand their role in P. giganteus roosting ecology and Nipah virus spillover risk. Nipah Belt villages have a higher human population density (P < 0.0001), and forests that are more fragmented than elsewhere in Bangladesh (0.50 versus 0.32 patches/km2, P < 0.0001). The number of roosts in a village correlates with forest fragmentation (r = 0.22, P = 0.03). Villages with a roost containing Polyalthia longifolia or Bombax ceiba trees were more likely case villages (odds ratio [OR] = 10.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3–90.6). This study suggests that, in addition to human population density, composition and structure of the landscape shared by P. giganteus and humans may influence the geographic distribution of Nipah virus spillovers.
Assessing remote polarimetric measurement sensitivities to aerosol emissions using the geos-chem adjoint model
Authors: Meland B. S. , Xu X. , Henze D. K. , Wang J.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Uncertainties in aerosol sources, microphysical properties, and global distributions undermine efforts to evaluate the radiative impacts of atmospheric aerosols. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using remote polarimetric measurements for constraining aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions in light of these uncertainties. A model that incorporates a radiative transfer model with forward and adjoint chemical transport models has been applied to quantify the sensitivity of the reflectance at the top of atmosphere over land to aerosol emissions and microphysical properties. A set of simulated satellite observations, one intensity based and one capable of polarimetric measurements, are used to illustrate differences in the assimilation potential between the two. It is found that the sensitivity of the polarized reflectance to aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions tends to be significantly higher than that of the intensity for cases of non-absorbing aerosols. This is true even when the polarimetric sampling scheme is spatially sparser than that of the intensity sampling. This framework allows us to quantify upper limits on the uncertainties in the aerosol microphysical properties for which a 50% change in aerosol emissions is detectable using these simulated observations. It was found that although typical current remote sensing instrumentation provides retrievals of the refractive index and effective radius with accuracies within acceptable limits to detect a 50% change in emissions, retrievals of the effective variance contain uncertainties too large to detect these changes in emissions. These results may guide new applications of polarimetric measurements to constrain aerosol sources, and thus reduce uncertainty in our broader understanding of the impacts of aerosols on climate.
A method for sizing submicrometer particles in air collected on Formvar films and imaged by scanning electron microscope
Authors: Hamacher-Barth E. , Jansson K. , Leck C.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. A method was developed to systematically investigate individual aerosol particles collected onto a polyvinyl formal (Formvar)-coated copper grid with scanning electron microscopy. At very mild conditions with a low accelerating voltage of 2 kV and Gentle Beam mode aerosol particles down to 20 nm in diameter can be observed. Subsequent processing of the images with digital image analysis provides size resolved and morphological information (elongation, circularity) on the aerosol particle population. Polystyrene nanospheres in the expected size range of the ambient aerosol particles (20–900 nm in diameter) were used to confirm the accuracy of sizing and determination of morphological parameters. The relative standard deviation of the diameters of the spheres was better than ±10% for sizes larger than 40 nm and ±18% for 21 nm particles compared to the manufacturer's certificate. Atmospheric particles were collected during an icebreaker expedition to the high Arctic (north of 80°) in the summer of 2008. Two samples collected during two different meteorological regimes were analyzed. Their size distributions were compared with simultaneously collected size distributions from a Twin Differential Mobility Particle Sizer, which confirmed that a representative fraction of the aerosol particles was imaged under the electron microscope. The size distributions obtained by scanning electron microscopy showed good agreement with the Twin Differential Mobility Sizer in the Aitken mode, whereas in the accumulation mode the size determination was critically dependent on the contrast of the aerosol with the Formvar-coated copper grid. The morphological properties (elongation, circularity) changed with the number of days the air masses spent over the pack-ice area north of 80° before the aerosol particles were collected at the position of the icebreaker and are thus an appropriate measure to characterize transformation processes of ambient aerosol particles.
On the potential vegetation feedbacks that enhance phosphorus availability – insights from a process-based model linking geological and ecological time scales
Authors: Buendía C. , Arens S. , Hickler T. , Higgins S. I. , Porada P. , Kleidon A.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. In old and heavily weathered soils, the availability of P might be so small that the primary production of plants is limited. However, plants have evolved several mechanisms to actively take up P from the soil or mine it to overcome this limitation. These mechanisms involve the active uptake of P mediated by mycorrhiza, biotic de-occlusion through root clusters, and the biotic enhancement of weathering through root exudation. The objective of this paper is to investigate how and where these processes contribute to alleviate P limitation on primary productivity. To do so, we propose a process-based model accounting for the major processes of the carbon, water, and P cycle including chemical weathering at the global scale. We use simulation experiments to assess the relative importance of the different uptake mechanisms to alleviate P limitation on biomass production. Implementing P limitation on biomass synthesis allows the assessment of the efficiencies of biomass production across different ecosystems. We find that active P-uptake is an essential mechanism for sustaining P availability on long time scales, whereas biotic de-occlusion might serve as a buffer on time scales shorter than 10 000 yr. Although active P uptake is essential for reducing P losses by leaching, humid lowland soils reach P limitation after around 100 000 yr of soil evolution. Given the generalized modeling framework, our model results compare reasonably with observed or independently estimated patterns and ranges of P concentrations in soils and vegetation. Furthermore, our simulations suggest that P limitation might be an important driver of biomass production efficiency (the fraction of the gross primary productivity used for biomass growth), and that vegetation on older soils becomes P-limited leading to a smaller biomass production efficiency. With this study, we provide a theoretical basis for investigating the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to P availability linking geological and ecological time scales under different environmental settings.
Model-data comparison and data assimilation of mid-Holocene Arctic sea-ice concentration
Authors: Klein F. , Goosse H. , Mairesse A. , de Vernal A.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. The consistency between a new quantitative reconstruction of Arctic sea-ice concentration based on dinocyst assemblages and the results of climate models has been investigated for the mid-Holocene. The comparison shows that the simulated sea-ice changes are weaker and spatially more homogeneous than the recorded ones. Furthermore, although the model-data agreement is relatively good in some regions such as the Labrador Sea, the skill of the models at local scale is low. The response of the models follows mainly the increase in summer insolation at large scale. This is modulated by changes in atmospheric circulation leading to differences between regions in the models that are albeit smaller than in the reconstruction. Performing simulations with data assimilation using the model LOVECLIM amplifies those regional differences, mainly through a reduction of the southward winds in the Barents Sea and an increase in the westerly winds in the Canadian Basin of the Arctic. This leads to an increase in the ice concentration in the Barents and Chukchi Seas and a better agreement with the reconstructions. This underlines the potential role of atmospheric circulation to explain the reconstructed changes during the Holocene.
The impact of particle shape on friction angle and resulting critical shear stress: an example from a coarse-grained, steep, megatidal beach
Authors: Stark N. , Hay A. E. , Cheel R. , Lake C. B.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. The impact of particle shape on the friction angle, and the resulting critical shear stress on sediment dynamics, is still poorly understood. In areas characterized by sediments of specific shape, particularly non-rounded particles, this can lead to large departures from the expected sediment dynamics. The steep slope (1:10) of the mixed sand-gravel beach at Advocate Harbour was found stable in large-scale morphology over decades, despite a high tidal range of ten meters or more, and strong shorebreak action during storms. The Advocate sand (d < 2 mm) was found to have an elliptic, plate-like shape. Exceptionally high friction angles of the material were determined using direct shear, ranging from φ ≈ 41–46°, while the round to angular gravel was characterized by φ = 33°. The addition of 25% of the elliptic sand to the gravel led to an immediate increase of the friction angle to φ = 38°. Furthermore, re-organization of the particles occurred during shearing, being characterized by a short phase of settling and compaction, followed by a pronounced strong dilatory behavior and an accompanying strong increase of shear stress. Long-term shearing (24 h) using a ring shear apparatus led to destruction of the particles without re-compaction. Finally, submerged particle mobilization was simulated using a tilted tray in a tank. Despite a smooth tray surface, particle motion was not initiated until reaching tray tilt angles of 31° and more, being 7° steeper than the latest gravel motion initiation. In conclusion, geotechnical laboratory experiments quantified the important impact of the elliptic, plate-like shape of Advocate Beach sand on the friction angles of both pure sand and sand-gravel mixtures. The resulting effect on initiation of particle motion was confirmed in tilting tray experiments. This makes it a vivid example of how particle shape can contribute to the stabilization of the beachface.
Poster Presentations from the 7th Canadian Conference on Dementia (CCD) held in Vancouver, October 2013
Authors: Authors Various
Published: December 2013

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Geriatric Medicine Leadership of Health Care Transformation: To Be or Not To Be?
Authors: Heckman George A. , Molnar Frank J. , Lee Linda
Published: December 2013

Geriatric Medicine is well-suited to inform and lead healthcare system redesign to address the needs of seniors with complex conditions. We posit that geriatricians must urgently consider how to “brand” Geriatric Medicine in a manner that garners active support from those outside the specialty, including how to adapt practice patterns to better meet the needs of patients and of the health-care system.
Analyse de contenu de plans de travail : vers la responsabilisation des élèves ?
Authors: Connac Sylvain
Published: December 2013

En France, le recours aux manuels scolaires est prépondérant dans les établissements, mais aucun d’eux ne propose de se référer aux plans de travail. Si les plans de travail sollicitent la responsabilisation et l’autonomie des élèves, quels rapprochements avec les manuels contribueraient à densifier l’activité cognitive des élèves ? Cette étude consiste à proposer une analyse de contenu d’un corpus de 52 plans de travail issus de classes primaires, enrichie d’une quinzaine d’observations de situations pédagogiques et d’une trentaine d’entretiens d’enseignants. Le croisement de ces données permet de proposer plusieurs pistes pour une évolution des manuels scolaires vers une responsabilisation accrue des élèves.
Intégration des pratiques d’évaluation des apprentissages aux pratiques pédagogiques dans le domaine des arts au collégial
Authors: Leduc Diane , Blais Jean-Guy , Raîche Gilles
Published: December 2013

Avec comme toile de fond les approches par compétences, cette recherche a pour objectif de décrire l’intégration des pratiques d’évaluation des apprentissages aux pratiques pédagogiques chez des enseignants du collégial. Au terme de l’analyse des réponses à deux questionnaires auxquels ont répondu des enseignants en arts plastiques et en danse, d’une analyse des politiques d’évaluation des apprentissages et d’un examen des documents d’évaluation des enseignants, il appert que l’intégration des pratiques d’évaluation des apprentissages est présente dans toute la démarche évaluative. En effet, depuis les règles prescrites par les politiques jusqu’à la remise des travaux aux étudiants, les enseignants participants ont le souci d’harmoniser l’évaluation des apprentissages à leur enseignement tout en respectant les exigences institutionnelles. Toutefois, cette préoccupation se présente ponctuellement à certains moments de l’enseignement et est moins le reflet d’une démarche mûrement réfléchie que d’actions intuitives répondant soit à des prescriptions, soit à des besoins en classe.
Variables Influencing Spectators’ Desire to Stay at A Professional Golf Tournament In Japan
Authors: Watanabe Yasuhiro , Matsumoto Koji , Nogawa Haruo
Published: December 2013

The main purpose of this study is to examine the variables influencing golf spectators’ desire to stay at a professional golf tournament in Japan. The data used in this project were based on a questionnaire administered to 1023 spectators at two professional golf tour tournaments near Tokyo; 991 of these questionnaires were returned. The results indicated that the variables that most affected the golf spectators’ desire to stay at the event site were affection for the player, fondness for the game, the course itself, and hospitality and service management. Overall, the event operation of the tournament appeared to have the strongest impact on the spectators’ desire to stay at the event site. Keywords: Desire to Stay, Golf Spectator, Professional Golf Tour Tournament To cite this document: Yasuhiro Watanabe, Koji Matsumoto, and Haruo Nogawa, "Variables Influencing Spectators’ Desire to Stay at A Professional Golf Tournament In Japan", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.9, No.3, pp.283-298, 2013. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.10974
The Effect of Assortment Changes on Consideration Set Formation
Authors: Dahana Wirawan Dony
Published: December 2013

Product assortment is one of the most important determinants of store performance. Past studies have shown that a reduction in the number of items can alter sales. This paper examines the impact of assortment changes on the formation of the consumer consideration set when an item is delisted as well as when a new item is introduced. We employed a choice model that incorporates the consideration effect based on the theory of search and applied this model to scanner data in the toothpaste category. We found that when an item was eliminated, its former buyers adjusted their consideration set by replacing the delisted item with items sharing common key attributes with it, followed by promoted and low-priced items. Furthermore, the consideration set was affected by the introduction of a new item in a way that the newly introduced item drew a large share of consideration from items that were similar in terms of product attributes. Keywords: Product Assortment, Consideration Set, Brand Choice To cite this document: Wirawan Dony Dahana, "The Effect of Assortment Changes on Consideration Set Formation", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.9, No.3, pp.231-246, 2013. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.11020
Relationships among Brand Experience, Brand Personality, And Customer Experiential Value
Authors: Keng Ching-Jui , Tran Van- Dat , Le Thi Tuyet Mai
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationships among brand experience, brand personality, and customer experiential value. Understanding these relationships is helpful to managers in their assessment of the level of appeal that will influence target consumers’ perception of brand personality, as well as their brand experience. An empirical survey conducted with 270 real consumers in Taiwan is used to test the hypotheses. Data are analyzed using Amos 17 to understand the effect of the research model. The empirical results reveal that brand experience positively influenced customer value, brand personality positively affected customer experiential value, and brand experience positively affected brand personality. Keywords: Brand Experience, Brand Personality, Customer Experiential Value To cite this document: Ching-Jui Keng, Van- Dat Tran, and Tuyet Mai Le Thi, "Relationships among Brand Experience, Brand Personality, And Customer Experiential Value", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.9, No.3, pp.247-262, 2013. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.11086
2013 AGU Named Lecturers and Section and Focus Group Awardees
Authors: Williams Danica
Published: December 2013

Each year nearly 25 individuals are chosen to present lectures under the Bowie Lecture Series as well as the Section and Focus Group Named Lecture Series. The Bowie Lecture was inaugurated in 1989 to commemorate the 50th presentation of the William Bowie Medal, which is AGU's highest honor and is named for AGU's first president. Named lectures are designated by sections and focus groups to honor and memorialize distinguished scientists in their respective fields of science. This year's crop of lecturers represents some of the most innovative minds in their fields.
Effects of upwelling increase on ocean acidification in the California and Canary Current systems
Authors: Lachkar Zouhair
Published: December 2013

Upwelling‐favorable winds have increased in several coastal upwelling systems and may further increase in the future. The present study investigates the effects of upwelling intensification on ocean acidification in the California and Canary Current systems (CSs). Model simulations show that the volume of water undersaturated with respect to aragonite almost triples in the California CS under a doubling of wind stress. In contrast, the same wind perturbation results in the disappearance of undersaturation in the Canary CS. These contrasting responses arise from the differences in the relative contributions of circulation and biological processes to aragonite undersaturation in the two systems and the sensitivity of these processes to upwelling intensification. When combined with rising atmospheric CO2 and increased stratification, upwelling intensification accentuates acidification in the California CS and dampens it in the Canary CS. These findings highlight the challenge to predict the future evolution of ocean acidification in regions subject to concurrent disturbances.
Air‐water gas exchange and CO2 flux in a mangrove‐dominated estuary
Authors: Ho David T. , Ferrón Sara , Engel Victor C. , Larsen Laurel G. , Barr Jordan G.
Published: December 2013

Mangrove forests are highly productive ecosystems, but the fate of mangrove‐derived carbon remains uncertain. Part of that uncertainty stems from the fact that gas transfer velocities in mangrove‐surrounded waters are not well determined, leading to uncertainty in air‐water CO2 fluxes. Two SF6 tracer release experiments were conducted to determine gas transfer velocities (k(600) = 8.3 ± 0.4 and 8.1 ± 0.6 cm h−1), along with simultaneous measurements of pCO2 to determine the air‐water CO2 fluxes from Shark River, Florida (232.11 ± 23.69 and 171.13 ± 20.28 mmol C m−2 d−1), an estuary within the largest contiguous mangrove forest in North America. The gas transfer velocity results are consistent with turbulent kinetic energy dissipation measurements, indicating a higher rate of turbulence and gas exchange than predicted by commonly used wind speed/gas exchange parameterizations. The results have important implications for carbon fluxes in mangrove ecosystems.
Modeling ionospheric disturbance features in quasi‐vertically incident ionograms using 3‐D magnetoionic ray tracing and atmospheric gravity waves
Authors: Cervera M. A. , Harris T. J.
Published: December 2013

The Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) has initiated an experimental program, Spatial Ionospheric Correlation Experiment, utilizing state‐of‐the‐art DSTO‐designed high frequency digital receivers. This program seeks to understand ionospheric disturbances at scales < 150 km and temporal resolutions under 1 min through the simultaneous observation and recording of multiple quasi‐vertical ionograms (QVI) with closely spaced ionospheric control points. A detailed description of and results from the first campaign conducted in February 2008 were presented by Harris et al. (2012). In this paper we employ a 3‐D magnetoionic Hamiltonian ray tracing engine, developed by DSTO, to (1) model the various disturbance features observed on both the O and X polarization modes in our QVI data and (2) understand how they are produced. The ionospheric disturbances which produce the observed features were modeled by perturbing the ionosphere with atmospheric gravity waves.
Ice shelf/ocean interactions under the Amery Ice Shelf: Seasonal variability and its effect on marine ice formation
Authors: Herraiz‐Borreguero Laura , Allison Ian , Craven Mike , Nicholls Keith W. , Rosenberg Mark A.
Published: December 2013

Marine ice is an important factor in ice shelf stability. An extensive marine ice layer is present under the Amery Ice Shelf (AIS), East Antarctica. This paper documents observations on the seasonal variability of the AIS‐ocean interaction beneath the marine ice layer. We focus on data collected during 2002 through a borehole at AM01, 100 km from the ice shelf calving front, and use additional data from two other boreholes to complement the study. At AM01, the top ∼20 m of the water column is super‐cooled almost year round, protecting the marine ice layer and promoting frazil ice formation. The mixed layer thickness varies from ∼50 m in February to at least 160 m by June, as the water column cools and freshens. High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW) abruptly arrives at AM01 in June–August as an eddy‐like flow. We suggest that the flow characteristics are a result of baroclinic instabilities. In addition, the inflow of HSSW results in a steepening of the isopycnals that enhances the upwelling of Ice Shelf Water. This study documents, for the first time, a seasonal signal in the formation of marine ice under the AIS. Our results highlight the vulnerability of the marine ice layer to ocean variability with potential consequences for the overall ice shelf mass balance.
Slab bending, syn‐subduction normal faulting, and out‐of‐sequence thrusting in the Central Apennines
Authors: Carminati Eugenio , Fabbi Simone , Santantonio Massimo
Published: December 2013

In the Central Apennines, a Tertiary‐Present eastward‐vergent fold and thrust belt, thrusting mainly occurred in‐sequence, cutting across a Mesozoic to Early Neogene succession, deposited in rifted (Early Jurassic) to passive continental margin, to foredeep (late Miocene) conditions. However, the Simbruini Mts were characterized by the occurrence of regional out‐of‐sequence thrusts (the Vallepietra‐Filettino‐Monte Ortara thrust fault) and ofTertiary prethrusting normal faults, associated with the deposition of thick breccia deposits (Brecce della Renga, Tortonian‐early Messinian). A direct link between these two features is here proposed. Evidence for a prethrusting normal faulting origin for the Brecce della Renga is amply discussed. Although evidence for subduction‐related normal faulting is growing in the Apennines literature, nowhere in the region are known extensional systems so vast and their syn‐tectonic deposits so thick as in the Simbruini area. We propose that the Simbruini prethrusting normal faults were subduction related, i.e., they developed in the foreland due to anomalous bending of the lithosphere subducting in Late Tertiary time under the Apennines in the Simbruini Mts area. The associated breccia deposits were subsequently deformed during the development of the Simbruini Mts thrust front. We speculate that the prethrusting normal faults allowed the penetration of fluids within the subducting crust and possibly also in the mantle, weakening this part of the subducting plate. As a consequence, the weaker plate was anomalously down‐bent, leading to a subcritical state of the Apennines wedge. The regional scale out‐of‐sequence thrust faults developed in order to bring the Apennines wedge back to the critical state.
The Dynamic Flux of Continuing Higher Education: Redefining the New Roles, Responsibilities, and Expectations
Authors: Braverman Lisa R.
Published: December 2013

Continuing higher education has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, illustrated by such innovations as MOOCs, globalization, strategic collaborations with government and industry, and increased entrepreneurship. As a result, continuing education (CE) units have experienced a fundamental shift in the way they conduct business in our field.
Partnerships with Academic Departments
Authors: English Anthony M.
Published: December 2013

This chapter describes how professional and continuing higher education units can develop and sustain successful partnerships with academic departments in order to deliver educational programs effectively to students.