bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment and Early Outcomes of Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans
Authors: Zheng Evan T. , Osada Koya , Williams Kathryn A. , Bae Donald S.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Treatment for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the humeral capitellum has been predominantly guided by fragment stability and articular cartilage integrity. Nonoperative management is recommended for stable lesions, whereas surgical intervention is indicated for unstable lesions and those that fail nonoperative care. Several surgical options may be considered, although limited information is available regarding indications for specific surgical techniques and comparative postoperative results.

Purpose:

To assess surgical outcomes of patients with capitellar OCD treated according to a decision-making approach focused on subchondral bone involvement.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients diagnosed with capitellar OCD at a tertiary academic center were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Patient information was collected at the time of enrollment, and OCD lesions were classified according to the Nelson grade. Clinical and radiologic data were collected both pre- and postoperatively for those undergoing surgical treatment. Surgical procedures were performed based on an evolving treatment framework that included considerations specifically for lesion containment and depth of subchondral bone disease. Timmerman scores were obtained to assess patient functional outcomes.

Results:

A total of 154 patients were prospectively enrolled, 19 of whom had bilateral disease. The mean age at presentation was 13.7 years; 39% were gymnasts and 28.5% were primary baseball or softball athletes. Surgery was performed on 145 elbows, including 43 drilling/microfracture procedures, 21 internal fixations, and 63 autologous osteochondral grafting (OG) procedures. Clinically, there were significant improvements in pain, elbow motion, and mechanical symptoms. Timmerman scores significantly improved after each type of surgical procedure. A total of 76% of patients returned to their primary sport. When stratified by the Nelson grade, patients with OG had lower revision surgery rates than those treated with drilling/microfracture and fixation. Furthermore, for Nelson grade 2 lesions, patients treated with OG had significantly better postoperative elbow motion and higher Timmerman scores compared with those treated with other procedures.

Conclusion:

Using a treatment framework incorporating lesion containment and depth of subchondral bone disease, surgery for capitellar OCD provides clinical, radiologic, and functional improvements. Patients treated with OG may have lower revision rates and better functional outcomes compared with those treated with other surgical techniques, with OG warranting consideration even for lower-grade OCD lesions.
Evaluation of Preoperative Factors That Affect the Alpha Angle of Screw Insertion After the Open Latarjet Procedure
Authors: Lee Hee Dong , Kim Su Cheol , Choi Yun Seong , Kim Dae Yeung , Yoo Jae Chul
Published: November 2024

Background:

The open Latarjet procedure yields excellent results as a treatment for anterior shoulder instability. The position of the bony fragment and the insertion angle of the screw (the alpha angle) are critical factors for a successful procedure. The alpha angle is considered overangulated at >25°, which is associated with poor bone fixation and healing.

Purpose:

To assess preoperative patient anatomic factors that affect the alpha angle in the Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, 76 patients who underwent the open Latarjet procedure between October 2009 and December 2023 were included. Postoperative computed tomography scans were reviewed for the alpha angle, and patients were classified into 2 groups: group 1 (alpha angle ≥25°) and group 2 (alpha angle <25°). Preoperative patient characteristics and radiological parameters obtained from preoperative computed tomography scans were analyzed and compared between groups 1 and 2. We developed a novel method to measure the depth of the chest and the angle between the deltopectoral interval and the plane of screw insertion. We also measured the thickness of the pectoralis major and subscapularis muscles.

Results:

Of the 76 patients in this study, 41 and 35 patients were included in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The mean alpha angles of groups 1 and 2 were 36° and 12°, respectively, and the body mass index was significantly higher in group 1 ( P < .001). In addition, group 1 had a significantly longer distance from the anterior edge of the glenoid to the skin margin of the deltopectoral interval ( P < .001). The angle between the deltopectoral interval and the plane of screw insertion (traction angle) was significantly larger in group 1 ( P < .001), and the pectoralis major and subscapularis muscles were thicker in group 1 ( P = .017 and P = .032, respectively).

Conclusion:

The alpha angle after the Latarjet procedure was strongly related to the patient's weight, body mass index, depth of the chest, and the angle between the deltopectoral interval and the plane of screw insertion. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the preoperative factors that facilitate proper screw fixation in the Latarjet procedure are reported.
Crisis Feminisms: How Convenient Forgetting, Feminist Ambivalence, and Racial Gaslighting Maintain the Status Quo
Authors: Moussawi Ghassan , Reyes Victoria
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we interrogate what are considered feminist issues for feminist sociologists, prodding us to expand our definition of ‘feminist sociology’ considering what we are still learning from global crises. We take our cue from Black, indigenous, women of color, and transnational feminisms, who highlight the importance of the self, center gender, sexuality, racialization, class, power and transnational processes, and have a commitment to feminist praxis. In doing so, we introduce the concept of ‘crisis feminisms’ as a theoretical tool to unpack how and why feminist practices and processes re-enact epistemic violence and maintain the status quo, despite rhetorically declaring otherwise. These processes, we argue, occur through three intertwined mechanisms: convenient forgetting, feminist ambivalence, and racial gaslighting. Documenting how these processes are enacted, we argue that radical potentialities for change are possible, but only if we embrace and practice what such feminist knowledges teach us.
Detection of Oronasal Fistula Using a Fluorescent Water Passing Test
Authors: Ogawa Masao , Yamaki Seiya , Yamashita Masamichi , Kanegaya Shinya , Amimoto Hirokazu , Hachimura Hisae , Osaki Tomohiro , Okamoto Yoshiharu , Amimoto Akiteru
Published: November 2024

The confirmation of a connection between the oral and nasal cavities provides a definitive diagnosis for an oronasal fistula (ONF). However, visual detection is difficult in patients with small fistulas. This study examined whether fluorescein sodium could be used to detect small ONFs. The study included 25 dogs that underwent dental examination and had confirmed periodontal pockets at the Amica Pet Clinic, Japan, between 2020 and 2022. Saline containing fluorescein sodium was injected into the periodontal pocket, termed a fluorescent “water-passing test,” followed by detection of fluid discharge from the external naris using an examination light. Of the 25 dogs, 13 showed symptoms consistent with an ONF and of these, 12 were positive and one was negative on the fluorescent water-passing test. Of the 12 asymptomatic dogs, 3 tested positive and 9 tested negative on the fluorescent water-passing test. The fluorescent water-passing test enhanced visibility and facilitated the detection of small volumes of the discharged fluid. The results of this study confirmed the fluorescent water-passing test was useful for the detection of small ONFs.
An innovative framework to securely transfer data through the Internet of Things using advanced generative adversarial networks
Authors: Bennour Akram , Elhoseny Mohammed , Veerasamy Bala Dhandayuthapani , Bhatt Ruby , Agrawal Amit , Shukla Piyush Kumar , Ghabband Fahad
Published: November 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is developing so quickly that cloud-centric computing finds it challenging to keep up with the demands of usability and low latency. Edge computing unifies computing, networking, storage and applications into a distributed open system. At the edge of the IoT, it provides intelligent services. The edge network is made up of several wired and wireless networks, and edge nodes have constrained amounts of memory and processing power. The edge network is vulnerable to several types of cyberattacks because of these factors. Large-scale network data gathering and detection for IoT security is also challenging for an IoT edge node to provide. Data analytics for intrusion detection guarantees high accuracy of intrusion detection systems (IDSs), but the implementation of such algorithms on IoT might be a challenge due to the limited resources on edge nodes. Inspired in part by these challenges, we suggest a sophisticated IDS based on a generative adversarial network (GAN). This article suggests a novel method for detecting intrusions in the IoTs networks that make use of Colony Predator Algorithm (CPA) for optimization of the detection process. Through the use of GANs to create real-looking data samples, the suggested technique helps to have reliable anomaly and intrusion detection. The integration improves the training process, making it more efficient and enabling the CPA system to better differentiate between benign and malicious activities, which exponentially raises the system's efficiency.
Structure similitude for a nonlinear rotor system with connected Geislinger coupling
Authors: Wang Jinhong , Li Zhenping , Li Hongguang , Zhang Wendi , Bao Ke
Published: November 2024

This investigation is aimed to propose scaling laws for a nonlinear system with connected Geislinger coupling. Different from the scaling laws for rotor systems with linear stiffness that are commonly used, the proposed method has better prediction accuracy for a rotor system with two rotor connected by nonlinear coupling. First, a crankshaft-Geislinger coupling-propeller shaft model is established. On this basis, frequency responses and critical velocities between nonlinear and linear prototype models are compared. Then, the nonlinear stiffness factor is derived based on the system vibration equation and nonlinear stiffness characteristics, and the scaling laws are carried out. Finally, the prediction accuracy is calculated with different scaled models in terms of the modal, frequency response, and transient response respectively. The result shows a better similarity and prediction using the proposed method, which will be powerful in systems with nonlinear stiffness like large flexible structures or nonlinear connections.
Vibration characteristics of rolling bearing cage under speed variation conditions
Authors: Tu Wenbing , Liu Chenlu , Liang Jie , Liu Yuqing , Chen Zaigang
Published: November 2024

Speed variation conditions will deteriorate the stress state of the rolling bearing internal components and aggravate the vibration of the cage, thereby affecting the service life and reliability of rolling bearings. In this paper, a nonlinear dynamic analysis model of the cylindrical roller bearing is established considering the rubbing effect and hydrodynamic contact between the cage and the guiding ring, as well as the sliding between the cage and other rolling elements. The vibration characteristics of the cage is discussed under the start-stop conditions and different fluctuations of rotation rate. The results show that the vibration of the cage mainly occurs at the middle and late stages of the acceleration process, and the impact mainly occurs at the middle stage of the deceleration process under the start-stop conditions. Moreover, the fluctuation of inner ring speed will enhance the unstable motion of the cage, among which the vibration and impact of the cage are most severe under the rectangular fluctuation of speed, followed by simple harmonic and triangular fluctuations. The findings can provide a theoretical guidance for improving the performance of rolling bearings and ensuring their safe and reliable operation.
Application of gray relational analysis for optimizing stud welding parameters of IF 7114 steel for the automotive industry
Authors: Çinay Fatma , Kalyon Ali , Kaya Yakup
Published: November 2024

In this study, the application of stud welding to IF 7114 steel sheets in the automotive industry using stainless steel and copper-plated steel studs with different diameters and welding voltages was investigated. The aim is to optimize welding parameters and investigate their effects on the mechanical properties of the weld zone. Taguchi optimization and gray relational analysis were used to identify the best welding parameters for tensile strength and torque resistance. Results showed that the highest tensile strength and torque resistance were achieved with a stainless steel M8 stud diameter and 150 V welding voltage, while the lowest values were observed with copper-plated steel M5 studs and 180 V voltage. Additionally, stainless steel studs consistently outperformed copper-plated steel in both tensile strength and torque resistance. The study concludes that stainless steel studs, particularly with an M8 diameter at 180 V, offer the most favorable welding performance.
Multiple unmanned aerial vehicle coordinated strikes against ground targets based on an improved multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Xin , Yu Wei , Xie Mingyang
Published: November 2024

With the development of swarm intelligence, multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cooperation in uncertain dynamic environments has been able to safely and efficiently realize all-round strikes on ground targets. However, the limited life span of UAV onboard batteries challenges the cooperative strikes against the ground targets. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an improved multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (i-MADDPG) algorithm for energy-saving cooperative strikes of ground targets. Introducing a sensor fusion layer and self-attention mechanism to the actor network helps the UAVs collect more comprehensive information and filter the collected data, resulting in more accurate environmental perception. In addition, importing an egocentric state representation mechanism into the critic network contributes to the computation of different Q-values for different UAV observation states, which ensures each UAV can make appropriate decisions based on its own state. Simulation experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the improved MADDPG algorithm. The results show that the success rate of ground target strikes of the proposed algorithm is improved by 29.5%, and the collision rate is reduced compared with the traditional MADDPG algorithm.
Underwriter Reputation, Retail Demand, and Performance of Newly Public Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Aneesha M A , Athira A , Lukose P J Jijo
Published: November 2024

This paper examines how underwriter reputation influences the retail demand for SME IPOs in India. Additionally, we unearth the impact of underwriter reputation and retail demand on the initial and aftermarket performance of SME IPOs. Using sample data of 610 SME IPOs from 2012 to 2021, we found that retail investors rely on external signals, particularly those from underwriters, to make investment decisions. Moreover, IPOs backed by reputed underwriters exhibit superior performance in the long run. In addition, we observe a positive association between retail demand and initial return. However, this relationship does not translate into long-term performance, emphasizing the challenge retail investors face in accurately assessing the long-term prospects of IPOs.

JEL Codes: G11, G24, G32
Quantitative DCE Dynamics on Transformed MR Imaging Discriminates Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wei Zhouping , Iluppangama Malinda , Qi Jin , Choi Jung W. , Yu Alice , Gage Kenneth , Chumbalkar Vaibhav , Dhilon Jasreman , Balaji K. C. , Venkataperumal Satish , Hernandez David J. , Park Jong , Yedjou Clement , Alo Richard , Gatenby Robert A. , Pow-Sang Julio , Balagurunanthan Yoganand
Published: November 2024

Dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) imaging is a valuable sequence of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). A DCE sequence enhances the vasculature and complements T2-weighted (T2W) and Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), allowing early detection of prostate cancer. However, DCE assessment has remained primarily qualitative. The study proposes quantifying DCE characteristics (T1W sequences) using six time-dependent metrics computed on feature transformations (306 radiomic features) of abnormal image regions observed over time. We applied our methodology to prostate cancer patients with the DCE MRI images (n = 25) who underwent prostatectomy with confirmed pathological assessment of the disease using Gleason Score. Regions of abnormality were assessed on the T2W MRI, guided using the whole mount pathology. Preliminary analysis finds over six temporal DCE imaging features obtained on different transformations on the imaging regions showed significant differences compared to the indolent counterpart ( P ≤ 0.05, q ≤ 0.01). We find classifier models using logistic regression formed on DCE features after feature-based transformation (Centre of Mass) had an AUC of 0.89-0.94. While using mean feature-based transformation, the AUC was in the range of 0.71-0.76, estimated using the 0.632 bootstrap cross-validation method and after applying sample balancing using the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE). Our study finds, radiomic transformation of DCE images (T1 sequences) provides better signal standardization. Their temporal characteristics allow improved discrimination of aggressive disease.
Reflection phenomena of thermoelastic plane waves on a rigid surface within a size-dependent elastic media
Authors: Sarkar Nantu
Published: November 2024

The current investigation aims to comprehend the spread of time-harmonic thermoelastic plane waves in an isotropic and homogeneous nonlocal elastic material without bounds, within the framework of the Lord–Shulman model and Eringen’s nonlocal stress model. Our analysis reveals two sets of coupled longitudinal waves and one independent shear-type wave. The coupled longitudinal waves experience dispersion and damping over time due to the dissipative nature of the L-S model. In contrast, the vertically shear-type waves exhibit dispersion characteristics due to the presence of nonlocality in the medium. Furthermore, we observe that the shear-type wave encounters a critical frequency, while the coupled longitudinal waves may face critical frequency conditions under certain circumstances. We explore the reflection of thermoelastic waves at a rigid, thermally insulated, and isothermal boundary of a thermoelastic half-space, particularly in the case of an incident coupled longitudinal thermoelastic wave. We determine the amplitude ratios of the reflected waves to the incident wave through analytical methods. For a specific model, we generate various graphs to analyze the behavior of phase speeds, attenuation coefficients, and reflection coefficients. To assess the impact of the elastic nonlocal parameter on the variations of phase speeds, attenuation coefficients, and amplitude ratios of the reflected waves, we present graphical representations. Notably, our observations indicate that all waves are influenced by the nonlocality of the medium. Longitudinal waves exhibit sensitivity to thermal parameters, whereas the shear-type wave remains independent of thermal effects. Furthermore, the presence of elastic nonlocality results in a reduction in the classical shear-type wave speed.
Risk factors affecting all-cause mortality in cats hospitalized by a referral soft tissue service
Authors: Baker Michaela M , Schmiedt Chad W , Lewis Meghan , Wallace Mandy L , Sutherland Brian , Grimes Janet A
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study was to describe the all-cause mortality rate in cats hospitalized by the soft tissue surgery service of an academic referral hospital over a 5-year period and to identify specific risk factors for mortality. The hypotheses were that the all-cause mortality rate during hospitalization would be low, and cats undergoing emergency surgery and those with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status of 3 or more would be at increased risk for mortality.

Methods

The case log of cats hospitalized by the soft tissue surgery service at the University of Georgia was searched retrospectively to identify all cats hospitalized in the years 2015–2020. Data collected about each cat included age, sex and neuter status, weight, body condition score (1–9), pre-existing heart disease, chronic kidney disease, concurrent infection or cancer, emergency status, time of surgery (daytime vs after hours, which was defined as after 4 pm), if the surgery was performed on a weekday or weekend, and general type of surgery. Univariable logistic regressions were implemented to test and estimate odds ratios for the effects of risk factors on in-hospital mortality. A multivariable logistic regression was developed that initially included all risk factors with P <0.05 on univariable analysis. Log-likelihood ratio test P values and profile-likelihood confidence intervals were reported.

Results

The all-cause mortality rate was 6.1%. Analysis was limited because of low mortality, but multivariable analysis identified increasing ASA status and emergency surgery as significant risk factors for increased mortality while hospitalized.

Conclusions and relevance

The findings of this study confirmed that increasing ASA status and emergency procedures are significant risk factors for mortality in cats. Clinicians should be aware of these risk factors and consider how to best monitor and manage these feline patients.
The Expressed Worries of Ukrainian Adolescents: A Quantitative Analysis of Chat Conversations During Active War
Authors: Peltonen Kirsi , Hakala Venla , Laajasalo Taina , Stenvall Elina , Mielityinen Laura , Ellonen Noora
Published: November 2024

Children and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to warfare and military violence. In this study, we aim to shed light on adolescents’ experiences during times of war in a natural help-seeking environment. We use survey data obtained from two real-time online chat services designed for Ukrainian-speaking children and adolescents and explore young people’s ( n = 1,471) personal experiences during Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. It was found that the most common topic that the adolescents wanted to talk about was mental well-being (30%), followed by the topic of personal relationships (29%) and home and family (22%). It is alarming that over 130 adolescents in our sample talked about self-harming or suicidality, and over a hundred expressed an unwillingness to live. As the war continues effective ways to support the mental well-being of young people and to treat mental health problems should be sought.
Acute infectious endophthalmitis after chandelier-assisted scleral buckling surgery
Authors: Choudhary Ayushi , Hande Prathiba , Gandhi Priyanka , Prabhu Vishma , Kathare Rupal , Chhablani Jay , Venkatesh Ramesh
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To report a rare case of acute bacterial endophthalmitis that developed after scleral buckling surgery performed with non-contact wide-angle viewing system (WAVS) and chandelier endoillumination.

Case description

A 63-year-old man underwent scleral buckling surgery using a WAVS with chandelier endoillumination for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair in his left eye. Seven days after the surgery, the patient noticed a marked decrease in his vision with ocular pain. No anterior chamber inflammation or exudates were found. No focal congestion or exudates were noted at the sclerotomy site. Posterior segment examination revealed severe vitreous haze and yellowish exudates in the vitreous cavity. Ocular ultrasound revealed dense vitritis, complete posterior vitreous separation, a fully attached retina, and a peripheral scleral buckle indent. Vitreous biopsy combined with pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotic injections was done immediately, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was detected in the vitreous fluid. Following surgery, the inflammation and infection subsided and the visual acuity recovered to 6/9 in 6 weeks.

Conclusion

Infectious endophthalmitis is a rare occurrence after chandelier-assisted scleral buckling (SB) surgery, characterized by ocular pain and a sudden decline in vision as key symptoms. Clinicians should be cognizant of the possibility of its occurrence following SB surgery, especially when utilizing the WAVS with chandelier endoillumination.
Examining the impact of hagwons and the South Korean Education System on the entity mindset development of young South Korean adults
Authors: Joung Caroline , Morgan Daniel Porter
Published: November 2024

Objectives: When discussing the South Korean Education System, Hagwons are an integral factor in the academic pressure to receive exemplary grades. This paper’s objective was to examine the impact of Hagwons on the entity mindset development of young adults in South Korea. Past literature has focused on the physical and psychological impact of hagwons on the adolescent population in Korea. This paper extends beyond existing literature by examining how hagwons have impacted the young adult population. Methods: An interpretive methodology was utilized to conduct hour-long in-depth interviews with South Korean undergraduates who had all attended hagwons during their adolescence. The interviews were then transcribed and coded by utilizing a three-coding-round thematic analysis method. Results: Three key themes emerged: suppression of agency/power imbalance, entity mindset development, and strong awareness/long-term regret. Conclusions: The three key themes that emerged from the study depict a pattern of strong norm culture in South Korea surrounding hagwons, as well as a contradiction between the meritocratic promise that effort guarantees success during adolescence and the majority of interviewees who review such efforts with futility as adults, establishing a paradox in the Hagwon and Korean Education System.
BookTok Helped Us Sell It: How TikTok Disrupts Publishing and Fuels the #Romantasy Boom
Authors: Balling Gitte , Martens Marianne
Published: November 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, TikTok quickly became an important source for connection and entertainment, as people made creative videos and participated in TikTok challenges. The app’s affordances contributed to the emergence of sub-communities, including BookTok, which connected readers across a sociotechnical landscape, and launched backlist titles onto best-seller lists. Using interviews with publishers and booksellers in Denmark and the United States, observations of booksellers’ in-store BookTok displays, and analysis of content created by publishers and online influencers on BookTok, this study examines how BookTok disrupts Darnton’s (1982) Communications Circuit and its subsequent revisions. It explores the impact of BookTok on the landscape of book production and dissemination, the creation of new genres like romantasy within, and how publishers and booksellers are leveraging the organic landscape of BookTok to authentically market to readers.
Efficacy of positive expressive writing in reducing depression and social anxiety symptoms among schoolchildren during COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hu Chao S. , Zhang Haotian , Hu Lihao , Nadiiev Artur , Yan Junru , Liu Mengyuan
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic harmed children’s mental health, and limited therapy access exacerbates the issue. We studied positive expressive writing (EW) as a psychological intervention for teachers to reduce depression and social anxiety symptoms among schoolchildren. Altogether, 165 Chinese schoolchildren aged 10–15 were randomly assigned to positive EW, memory EW, or control group. EW groups wrote for 10 minutes weekly for 7 weeks about people and things they felt grateful for (positive EW) or memorable in the past week. The control group continued with regular weekly class meetings. All groups measured depression and social anxiety before and after the intervention. Positive EW significantly reduced depression and social anxiety symptoms compared to the control condition (both Cohen’s d = −0.45) and reduced social anxiety symptoms compared to memory EW (Cohen’s d = −0.32). Therefore, teachers can implement positive EW to support schoolchildren’s mental health recovery during and after disasters.
People, personalisation, prominence: A framework for analysing the PSM shift to digital portals and interrogating universality across contexts
Authors: Iordache Catalina , Martin Daniel , Münter Lassen Julie , Raats Tim , Świtkowski Filip , Gajlewicz-Korab Katarzyna , Johnson Catherine
Published: November 2024

In the context of enhanced platformisation, Public Service Media (PSM) are once again forced to rethink the ways in which they achieve core public values. To this end, PSM have been prioritising the development of their own video-on-demand portals. To contribute to ongoing research, we propose a theoretical framework that can be applied by future PSM work, based on the operationalisation of platformisation in PSM policy documents and strategy. We identify the shared priorities across ten media organisations in seven media markets: Belgium—Flanders and Wallonia-Brussels, Canada, Denmark, Italy, Poland, and the UK. The study is based on the qualitative analysis of 61 documents, outlining the PSM remit and how they report and present themselves to governments, collaborators, and audiences, contextualised by ongoing national and regional debates. Findings confirm that the framework of people, personalisation, and prominence can serve as a useful theoretical basis for understanding and interrogating universality across contexts.
Development of a new patient-reported outcome measure for Dupuytren disease: A study protocol
Authors: Eckerdal David , Lyrén Per-Erik , McEachan Jane , Lauritzson Anna , Nordenskjöld Jesper , Atroshi Isam
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Dupuytren disease is a common condition that causes progressive finger contractures resulting in impaired hand function and difficulties in performing daily activities. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are commonly used in research and clinical practice to evaluate treatment outcomes. Both general upper extremity PROMs and Dupuytren-specific PROMs are available, typically developed using conventional methodology based on classical test theory. However, most current PROMs have been shown to have low responsiveness and the relevance of included items have been questioned. In this study we aim to develop a new Dupuytren-specific PROM using modern measurement methodology based on item response theory (IRT). Methods: The study will be performed in three phases. In Phase 1, (completed), an expert group developed a questionnaire with a large number of potentially relevant items derived from existing PROMs and patient collaboration. In Phase 2, the questionnaire will be administered to 300 patients with Dupuytren disease, and their responses will be analyzed with IRT methodology to identify the best performing items to be included in the new PROM. In Phase 3, the new PROM will be administered to 300 additional patients for validation. Conclusion: This new Dupuytren-specific patient-reported outcome measure will help advance clinical research on Dupuytren disease.
The politics of pretrial detention: Mapping the development of Swedish remand policy
Authors: Lönnqvist Emelí
Published: November 2024

Since the early 1990s, Sweden has received severe criticism from international human rights monitoring bodies for their pretrial detention regimes. Contrary to its acknowledged humane prison conditions, the majority of individuals held on remand are confined in conditions that resemble solitary confinement. While all Nordic countries have received similar criticism, Sweden has been argued to have done the least to change their remand practices. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the development and political processes that has shaped Swedish remand policy since the establishment of the 1948 Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure and the 1958 Act on Detention. The article shows that despite political concerns of the harms and infringements that the remand practices entail, the outcomes of reforms have been limited: due to administrative burdens, legal constraints, and increased punitive demands. The article elucidates the actors and conflicting agendas involved in shaping remand policy—of penal, political, humanitarian, administrative and legal nature—that are unattainable in structural analyses, and have application beyond the Swedish context and future in-depth examinations of developments in remand policy.
Park on the social sciences and the consequences of war
Authors: Kivisto Peter
Published: November 2024

Robert Park’s response to the First World War can only be understood by considering his body of work extending from before the outbreak of that war to publications written near the end of his life. Park and his son Edward had contemplated writing a book on the nature of war, but it never came to fruition. His wrote sparingly and unsystematically—but insightfully—on the topic. His first publication on the topic appeared in a 1900 journalistic article on “The German Army: The Most Perfect Military Organization in the World.” In it, he pointed to the uniquely destructive potential of modern warfare. In a second article he speculated about the impact of the First World War on the social sciences and in a third he explored the impact—potential and real—of the First World War on immigrant communities in the United States. During the Second World War, Park published an article on “The Social Function of War: Observations and Notes” that serves as his most systematic effort at articulating a theory of war. His final publication, refracted through the Nazi idea of the master race, explored the potential for racial ideologies to foster racial conflict and violence in the future.
The temporal nature of place-making
Authors: Malone Sheila , Keegan Brendan , Mytting Iver , Calogiuri Giovanna
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the temporal nature of place-making by focusing on a nature-centred urban regeneration project that has experienced significant change over time. Adopting Ricoeur’s theory of three-fold present, we demonstrate how, through residents’ narratives, place-making is defined temporally through memories (past-in-the-present), experiences (present-in-the-present), and expectations (present-in-the-future). The findings support the notion of place-making as a fluid process but extend this understanding by promoting a temporal logic that is necessary to account for the transformation of meaning over and with time – its past, present and future – and by those who experience it. In doing so, we provide a conceptualisation of place-making as multi-temporal. The importance of celebrating the distinctiveness of place based on how it is experienced, and embracing its temporal nature directly supports place marketing and place branding activities. We further contribute to the marketing literature by offering insight into a temporal logic that affects and ultimately shapes consumption processes and how these materialise through narratives of time.
All time-scale decomposition method and its application in gear fault diagnosis
Authors: Cheng Zhengyang , Yang Yu , Hu Niaoqing , Cheng Zhe , Cheng Junsheng
Published: November 2024

Adaptive signal decomposition methods, especially without parameters, have become a popular way of diagnosing mechanical faults due to their capability to process mechanical vibration signals adaptively. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD), local mean decomposition (LMD), and local characteristic-scale decomposition (LCD) are typical parameterless adaptive signal decomposition methods currently applied to mechanical fault diagnosis. All of these methods use extreme points to construct baselines, and the mono-component signals are decomposed from an original signal by multiple sift. However, since these methods define time-scale parameters only through extreme points, they are prone to lose the local feature information of an original signal and lead to mode mixing. Aiming at the above problems, the time-scale parameters is defined by using extreme points and zero crossing points simultaneously in this paper. Therefore, we propose a new adaptive signal decomposition method called all time-scale decomposition (ATD). A complex signal can be adaptively decomposed into multiple independent all time-scale components by the ATD method. The baselines of ATD are constructed jointly by extreme points and zero crossing points, so ATD can extract more local feature information of a signal to suppress the mode mixing. First, the principle of ATD is proposed and the method of determining zero crossing points is introduced in this paper. Then, an empirical formula for compensation factor used to determine zero crossing points is deduced. Finally, ATD is verified by the simulation signals and gear signals, respectively. The results indicate that ATD has stronger mode mixing suppression capability and decomposition performance than EMD, LMD, and LCD, and it can be effectively used for gear fault diagnosis.
Intelligent fault diagnosis of high-speed train axle box bearings under parameter fluctuation working conditions using continuous cohomology-based meta-transfer learning framework
Authors: Li Yang , Meng Xiangyin , Xu Feiyun , Xiao Shide
Published: November 2024

Due to the challenges associated with acquiring fault data from high-speed train axle box bearings operating under parameter fluctuation working conditions, the diagnostic accuracy of data-driven fault diagnosis methods often suffers from insufficient fault information. To address this issue, we propose an intelligent fault diagnosis strategy utilizing a novel continuous cohomology-based meta-transfer learning (CCMTL) framework. This approach aims to enhance fault identification accuracy by developing comprehensive feature representations despite limited data availability. Initially, acoustic emission data are transformed into a barcode chart using the continuous cohomology mechanism, from which fault topology features are derived. Subsequently, these features are input into a specially designed meta-transfer model for multi-task learning, thus forming a pre-trained model. This pre-training model undergoes further refinement both externally and internally to optimize its ability to adapt quickly to few-shot tasks. According to carry out the abovementioned steps, the proposed method can effectively overcome the challenges (e.g., data scarcity, difficulty in fault feature extraction, low robustness, and generalization ability) in the fault diagnosis of high-speed train axle box bearings under parameter fluctuation working conditions. Compared with existing fault diagnosis methods, the proposed CCMTL algorithm has three obvious advantages: (1) improve the fault diagnosis robustness of high-speed train axle box bearings, (2) reduce the cost of data annotation, and (3) adapt to a wide range of working conditions and parameter fluctuations. Experimental findings validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach in scenarios requiring few-shot fault diagnosis. Specifically, when compared with current advanced diagnostic methods, the CCMTL method demonstrates superior diagnostic accuracy for fault diagnosis in high-speed train axle box bearings under parameter fluctuation working conditions. In conclusion, the practicality and generalization ability of the proposed CCMTL-based fault diagnosis approach are thoroughly demonstrated through comprehensive ablation studies. On the other hand, the designed CCMTL framework is not limited to specific machinery or operational conditions. With proper training and adjustments, the model can be applied to other industrial equipment with similar fault patterns and data characteristics. In summary, although this article emphasizes a specific application scenario (e.g., parameter fluctuation working conditions), the proposed method possesses broad applicability and can be extended to other similar industrial fault diagnosis tasks.
Revitalizing sumatriptan: transforming expired medication into a potent solution for corrosion control in acidic environments
Authors: Renuka P. H. , Srilatha Rao , Smitha Shree S. , Arathi A. , Prashanth G. K. , Lalithamba H. S. , Bhagya N. P.
Published: November 2024

The concerns regarding pharmaceutical waste, particularly expired drugs have prompted the exploration of their alternative applications. This research highlights the potential of repurposing expired pharmaceuticals as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for their industrial applications. An expired drug sumatriptan was investigated for its anticorrosive properties on MS in 1 M HCl medium. Electrochemical techniques, including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were employed to evaluate the inhibition efficiency and complemented by surface characterization studies (SEM, EDAX, CA and AFM). The results demonstrated that sumatriptan acts as an effective mixed-type inhibitor, achieving maximum inhibition efficiencies of 94.51% and 93.85% from PDP and EIS studies respectively for 500 ppm at 318 K. The adsorption of sumatriptan on the metal surface followed the Langmuir isotherm having an R2 value of ∼1, suggesting a physical adsorption behaviour with Δ G° values ranging from −16.286 to −21.518 kJ mol−1. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of sumatriptan as a corrosion inhibitor and the potential of repurposing expired pharmaceuticals as eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives.
In Brief
Authors: van Stee Elena , Muzzerall Parker , Uscola Colter J. , Liu Sophie X.
Published: November 2024

Cultural appropriation, status consistency, and parenting gender: A snapshot of new research.
Job Preferences, Motherhood, and the Gender Pay Gap
Authors: Eppard Lawrence M. , Linker Annie , Laughman Madison , Bonomo Katie
Published: November 2024

Lawrence M. Eppard, Annie Linker, Madison Laughman, and Katie Bonomo on global pay gaps.
Who should Provide Health-Related Services?
Authors: Wolf Julia Kay , Cossman Lynne S.
Published: November 2024

Julia Kay Worlf and Lynne S. Cossman on local preferences.
The Importance of contexts: A Q&A with the Graduate Editorial Board
Authors: Ghaziani Amin , Abrutyn Seth , Page Letta
Published: November 2024

Amin Ghaziani, Seth Abrutyn, and Letta Page speak with Contexts graduate editorial board members about their experiences working on the magazine and their visions for its future.
Recovery Horizons: Nature-Based Activities as Adjunctive Treatments for Co-Occurring Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Shirazi Anaheed , Brody Arthur L. , Soltani Maryam , Lang Ariel J.
Published: November 2024

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently co-occur, and individuals with co-occurring PTSD and SUD often experience more complex treatment challenges and poorer outcomes compared to those with either condition alone. Integrative treatment approaches that simultaneously address both PTSD and SUD are considered the most effective and include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. In recent years, complementary interventions have garnered increased attention due to their broad appeal and potential therapeutic benefits in enhancing existing treatments for PTSD and SUD. This review explores the existing literature on the use of nature-based activities, such as hiking, camping, sailing, and surfing in treating individuals with co-occurring PTSD and SUD. Nature-based activities offer promising adjunctive benefits, including the reduction of PTSD symptoms and craving levels. While evidence supports the therapeutic value of nature-based activities, current research remains limited. Further research is needed to better understand their therapeutic role and to refine their implementation in clinical practice.
Transradial versus transfemoral access for mechanical thrombectomy: A single institution experience
Authors: Bram Richard , Nie James W , Theiss Peter , Marotta Dario , Hillman Maureen , Alaraj Ali , Atwal Gursant S
Published: November 2024

Background

There has been debate in the literature regarding the adoption of a “radial-first” approach for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Conflicting reports suggest that transradial access (TRA) may allow for shorter times to reperfusion while others conclude that long-term functional outcomes may favor transfemoral access (TFA). Here, we report a single-institution experience with the adoption of TRA as the primary route for acute stroke intervention.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed a single-institution database of patients undergoing MT for AIS from March 2020 to April 2023. This time period was selected to capture the change in clinical practice at our institution from TFA to TRA. Primary and secondary outcomes included technical success, procedural complications, and long-term functional outcomes. Patients were stratified into two cohorts from initial access. Cohorts were compared utilizing inferential statistics.

Results

A total of 192 consecutive cases were identified, with 80 in the TFA cohort and 112 in the TRA cohort. There was no difference in outcomes with respect to time from puncture to recanalization, rates of successful recanalization (TICI ≥ 2b), number of passes, rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), modified Rankin scale (mRS) at discharge and 90 days, and 90-day mortality ( p ≥ 0.05, all). The TRA had a higher rate of access conversion ( p < 0.001), while the TFA cohort had a higher rate of access site complications ( p < 0.05).
Characteristics of exhaust emissions from MGO–bioethanol fuel blend using a combustion chamber
Authors: Kim Ju Wan , Park Jong Un , Lee Tae Ho , Kang Il Seok
Published: November 2024

We conducted combustion tests with marine gas oil (MGO) blended with bioethanol (BE) in ratios of 0%–30% to address International Maritime Organization air pollution regulations on exhaust gases emitted from ships and fossil fuel resource depletion and achieve carbon neutrality. We designed and manufactured a standard 1-ton combustion chamber, using an attached gun-type burner to analyze the exhaust gases of each sample under similar conditions. Compared to pure MGO (BE0), the oxygen content increased by approximately 1.91% at the maximum blend ratio (BE30), while carbon dioxide decreased by 1.39%. Nitrogen oxides were reduced by approximately 30%. Sulfur oxides were minimal (<0.03%), with MGO alone at approximately 0.08 ppm, confirming the superior quality of low-sulfur fuel. In all blends containing BE, no sulfur oxides were detected. Additionally, exhaust gas temperature decreased by 5.8%, and combustion efficiency decreased from 72.24% to 70.33%, a reduction of approximately 1.9%. This indicated that BE has a relatively lower calorific value; however, it provides a similar thermal output, with some reduction of exhaust emissions. A one-way ANOVA and post-hoc verification confirmed that with increased BE content, emission differences were significant ( p < 0.01 level in all areas). Through this study, it was confirmed that the use of eco-friendly fuels such as bioethanol has excellent effects on reducing exhaust emissions. It is analyzed that it would help solve global warming and air environment pollution problems. Therefore, it is determined that the future application of MGO-bioethanol blended fuel as an eco-friendly alternative fuel for ships holds significant potential, and positive outcomes are anticipated.