bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of astrocyte-secreted pleiotrophin contributes to neuronal structural and functional deficits in Down Syndrome
Authors: Brandebura Ashley N. , Asbell Quinn N. , Micael Mariel Kristine B. , Allen Nicola J.
Published: September 2023

Neuronal dendrite patterning and synapse formation are tightly regulated during development to promote proper connectivity. Astrocyte-secreted proteins act as guidance and pro-synaptogenic factors during development, but little is known about how astrocytes may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we identify down-regulation of the astrocyte-secreted molecule pleiotrophin as a major contributor to neuronal morphological alterations in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down Syndrome. We find overlapping deficits in neuronal dendrites, spines and intracortical synapses in Ts65Dn mutant and pleiotrophin knockout mice. By targeting pleiotrophin overexpression to astrocytes in adult Ts65Dn mutant micein vivo, we show that pleiotrophin can rescue dendrite morphology and spine density and increase excitatory synapse number. We further demonstrate functional improvements in behavior. Our findings identify pleiotrophin as a molecule that can be used in Down Syndrome to promote proper circuit connectivity, importantly at later stages of development after typical periods of circuit refinement have completed.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of cyclo-tetrabromido-1κ2
Br,3κ2
Br-tetrakis(μ2-2-{[(pyridin-2-yl)methyl]amino}ethane-1-thiolato-κ3
N,S:S)tetramercury(II)
Authors: Thomas Isla D. , Kocher Kathryn R. , Viehweg Julie A. , Pike Robert D. , Bebout Deborah C.
Published: September 2023

The macrometallacyclic title compound, [Hg4Br4(C8H11N2S)4] or [((HgL
2)(HgBr2))2] (1) where HL = 2-{[(pyridin-2-yl)methyl]amino}ethane-1-thiol, was prepared and structurally characterized. The Hg2+ complex crystallizes in the P21/c space group. The centrosymmetric Hg4S4 metallacycle is constructed from metal ions with alternating distorted tetrahedral Br2S2 and distorted seesaw N2S2 primary coordination environments with pendant pyridyl groups. The backfolded extended chair metallacycle conformation suggests interactions between each of the bis-chelated mercury atoms and Br atoms lying above and below the central Hg2S4 plane. Supramolecular interactions in 1 include a fourfold aryl embrace and potential hydrogen bonds with bromine as the acceptor. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that H...H (51.7%), Br...H/H...Br (23.0%) and C...H/H...C (9.5%) interactions are dominant.
An environmental-based perspective framework: integrating IoT technology into a sustainable automotive supply chain
Authors: El Jaouhari Asmae , Arif Jabir , Samadhiya Ashutosh , Kumar Anil , Garza-Reyes Jose Arturo
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Over the next decade, humanity is going to face big environmental problems, and considering these serious issues, businesses are adopting environmentally responsible practices. To put forward specific measures to achieve a more prosperous environmental future, this study aims to develop an environment-based perspective framework by integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) technology into a sustainable automotive supply chain (SASC).

Design/methodology/approach

The study presents a conceptual environmental framework – based on 29 factors constituting four stakeholders' rectifications – that holistically assess the SASC operations as part of the ReSOLVE model utilizing IoT. Then, experts from the SASC, IoT and sustainability areas participated in two rigorous rounds of a Delphi study to validate the framework.

Findings

The results indicate that the conceptual environmental framework proposed would help companies enhance the connectivity between major IoT tools in SASC, which would help develop congruent strategies for inducing sustainable growth.

Originality/value

This study adds value to existing knowledge on SASC sustainability and digitalization in the context where the SASC is under enormous pressure, competitiveness and increased variability.
An exploratory study of benefits and challenges of neurodivergent employees: roles of knowing neurodivergents and neurodiversity practices
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Grabarski Mirit K. , Baker Marzena
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Neurodiversity refers to a spectrum of neurological differences. Little is known about the benefits and challenges of employing neurodivergent individuals in the retail industry and how knowing neurodivergent individuals/neurodiversity practices are linked to benefits/challenges. This study provides these insights using the lenses of the value-in-diversity perspective, stigma theory and intergroup contact theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from an online survey of retail supervisors and co-workers from Australia, resulting in 502 responses from various retail organizations.

Findings

The findings indicate that supervisors have higher awareness of neurodiversity and perceived benefits of neurodivergent employees. Knowing neurodivergents was positively associated with perceived benefits and disclosure challenges and negatively associated with equity and inclusion challenges. Neurodiversity practices were positively associated with benefits of neurodivergent employees, negatively associated with disclosure challenges and equity and inclusion challenges in small stores, and positively associated with equity and inclusion challenges in large stores.

Originality/value

Current empirical research on workplace neurodiversity is scarce. This study provides pioneering evidence for awareness of workplace neurodiversity in the retail industry and the impact of knowing neurodivergent employees/neurodiversity practices on benefits and challenges. It differentiates between supervisors' and co-workers’ perceptions, highlighting the importance of exposure to information in reducing stigma.
A hybrid integrated multi-criteria decision-making approach for risk assessment: a study of automotive parts industry
Authors: Chakhrit Ammar , Bougofa Mohammed , Guetarni Islam Hadj Mohamed , Bouafia Abderraouf , Kharzi Rabeh , Nehal Naima , Chennoufi Mohammed
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to enable the analysts of reliability and safety systems to evaluate the risk and prioritize failure modes ideally to prefer measures for reducing the risk of undesired events.

Design/methodology/approach

To address the constraints considered in the conventional failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method for criticality assessment, the authors propose a new hybrid model combining different multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used to construct a criticality matrix and calculate the weights of different criteria based on five criticalities: personnel, equipment, time, cost and quality. In addition, a preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) method is used to improve the prioritization of the failure modes. A comparative work in which the robust data envelopment analysis (RDEA)-FMEA approach was used to evaluate the validity and effectiveness of the suggested approach and simplify the comparative analysis.

Findings

This work aims to highlight the real case study of the automotive parts industry. Using this analysis enables assessing the risk efficiently and gives an alternative ranking to that acquired by the traditional FMEA method. The obtained findings offer that combining of two multi-criteria decision approaches and integrating their outcomes allow for instilling confidence in decision-makers concerning the risk assessment and the ranking of the different failure modes.

Originality/value

This research gives encouraging outcomes concerning the risk assessment and failure modes ranking in order to reduce the frequency of occurrence and gravity of the undesired events by handling different forms of uncertainty and divergent judgments of experts.
Configurations for emerging market firms to achieve a high-level servitization strategy: evidence from Chinese manufacturing firms
Authors: Zhu Jiantao , Zhang Jun , Jiang Zhongshuang , Li Jinghua
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Emerging markets face the developmental circumstances of a weak foundation in both manufacturing and services. Although servitization is viewed as an opportunity to realise industry transformation and upgrading, ways for emerging market firms to implement a high-level servitization strategy is still understudied. This study examines combinations of causal conditions for emerging market firms to implement a high level of servitization.

Design/methodology/approach

Anchored in the strategy tripod model, this study examines the configurations for implementing a high-level servitization strategy by using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and data from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research Database (CSMAR).

Findings

The findings identify three kinds of configurations for achieving a high-level servitization strategy: market-cultivational servitization, competition-driven servitization and government-related servitization. Furthermore, the mechanisms for implementing a high-level servitization strategy differ within the regional marketization level and state-owned equity. Specifically, the improvement of the regional marketization level helps manufacturing firms realise a high level of servitization by strengthening service capacity, and state-owned equity helps firms gain distinctive legitimacy to integrate suppliers and providers into the servitization context.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed multilevel perspective frameworks enable manufacturing firms in emerging markets to achieve a high level of servitization strategy.

Originality/value

This paper explores the impact of institutional environment, industry conditions and firm-level microfoundations on servitization, therefore providing a reference framework for emerging market firms interested in implementing high-level servitization strategies.
New perspectives on people management dimensions in recycling startups
Authors: Adhikari Dev Raj , Shrestha Prakash , Adhikari Bibek Raj
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This research aims to explore people management (PM) dimensions in Nepalese recycling startups (R-startups).

Design/methodology/approach

It follows a case study and qualitative research approach. Information is collected from Internet searches and R-startups’ blogs. For research purposes, 12 cases out of 30 R-startups are selected using convenient and purposeful non-probability sampling methods.

Findings

Three major findings are as follows: (1) the founders of R-startups have become more environmentally aware and motivated to source materials, manufacture products and deliver them without harming the environment; (2) the founders are establishing work-flow to create future employment opportunities and (3) the PM dimensions in R-startups appear to be sustainable and apparently linked with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12.5, which aims to reduce waste generation substantially through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse.

Research limitations/implications

Since researchers use widely accessible internet information, there is no possibility of interfering with the website's text and data. The analysis is solely based on the opinions of founders/co-founders of R-startups.

Practical implications

This research presents PM dimensions in R-startups and contributes to the literature in this new field of study. Although on a small scale, this research can provide a basis for minimizing circulatory gaps and closing the loop through circular business (CB). It also provides insights into managing waste in order to create opportunities and wealth.

Originality/value

This is one of the few unexplored areas of academic research. The critical PM dimensions investigated in this study can serve as a baseline for future theoretical development in the context of a specific country.
Employee well-being: the role of perceived competence
Authors: Kultalahti Susanna , Viitala Riitta , Hujala Maija , Kekale Tauno
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to gain more understanding of how competence might matter from the perspective of well-being at work. The authors explore how perceived competence is connected to perceived work-related well-being among Baby Boomer, Generation X and Generation Y employees.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors explore how perceived competence is connected to perceived work-related well-being among Baby Boomer, Generation X and Generation Y employees. The frames of reference of the study are based on literature on employee well-being (measured with work engagement and overcommitment) and competence, as well as on generational discussions. The quantitative, questionnaire-based study was conducted in 88 companies in Finland, with the total number of respondents being 4,418.

Findings

The main finding was that perceived competence related to current duties is statistically significantly connected to employee well-being. The results indicate that high competence results in high employee well-being in all generational groups. Further, Generation Y estimated their work well-being, both in terms of work engagement and overcommitment, lower than Baby Boomers or Generation X. The results suggest that developing competence of employees in organizations seems to be an important means to also support work well-being. It is especially important to pay attention to that among Generation Y, who take their first steps in working life. Competence is a meaningful factor for coping in working life in continually changing work environments. Incompetence is not just a factor for poor performance but also a potential threat to employee well-being.

Originality/value

Most of the competence/workplace learning results research concentrates on cognitive competence and skills, often from the employers’ benefit viewpoint (useful skills, productivity increase). This study starts from the finding that new generations of workers rather look for a meaningful work life, and thus, a feeling of having the necessary competences directly improves their well-being and, thus, life quality. Furthermore, the study is based on an original questionnaire-based study conducted in 88 companies in Finland, with the total number of respondents being 4,418.
Benefits and challenges of living in extra care housing: perspectives of people living with dementia
Authors: Atkinson Teresa , Oatley Rebecca
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the views of people living with dementia in extra care housing (ECH). This is a model of housing with care and support aiming to support older people, including those with dementia, to live independently. Previous research identifies benefits but is predominantly derived from third-party accounts, with the voices of those living with dementia in ECH significantly absent.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a qualitative approach conducting 100 interviews across 8 ECH schemes in England. Over half of the interviews were conducted with people living with dementia and their families with the remainder involving staff and commissioners.

Findings

Findings suggest there are a range of benefits including owning your own home, having a safe, age friendly location with flexible support, social interaction and continuing to live as a couple. Challenges included availability of staff, flexible resourcing, loneliness and the advancing symptoms of dementia.

Research limitations/implications

Despite efforts to create an inclusive, diverse sample, the participants were all White British. Participants involved were identified by gatekeepers, which may present some bias in the selection.

Practical implications

Whilst ECH offers benefits to people living with dementia, addressing the challenges is essential for effective dementia care. Improving staff training, promoting person-centred care and fostering an inclusive community are critical for enhancing residents’ well-being and quality of life.

Originality/value

This paper explored the lived experiences of residents and family members, providing new insight into the advantages and disadvantages of ECH for people living with dementia.
Polyphyllin I, a strong antifungal compound against Candida albicans
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Jingxiao , Sun Jian , Zhang Min , Liu Xin , Yang Longfei , Yin Yongjie
Published: September 2023

This study was performed to explore the antifungal and antibiofilm effects of polyphyllin I (PPI) on Candida albicans. Microdilution assay was performed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of PPI against Candida species. Adhesion assay, hyphal growth assay, biofilm formation, and development were used to test the impacts of PPI on C. albicans virulence factors. Propidium iodide staining was performed to test whether the permeability of cell membrane was influenced by PPI. PPI showed significant antifungal activities against several Candida species, with MIC below or equal to 6.25 μM. PPI also inhibited the adhesion to polystyrene surfaces, hyphal growth, and biofilm formation. PPI significantly increased the permeability of C. albicans cell membrane. In sum, PPI can suppress the planktonic growth and biofilm of C. albicans and its mechanism involves the increased permeability of cell membrane.
Evaluating the effect of childhood sunburn on the risk of cutaneous melanoma through Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zhong Shengdong , Lan Liting , Wen Yuqing
Published: September 2023

Despite numerous observational studies indicating an increased risk of cutaneous melanoma (CM) due to childhood sunburn, no studies have established a definitive cause‐and‐effect relationship. Therefore, our objective was to employ a Mendelian randomization (MR) design to explore a possible causal association between childhood sunburn and the risk of CM. To investigate the causal relationship between childhood sunburn and CM, we used large‐scale genetic summary‐level data from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), including childhood sunburn (n = 346,955) and CM (n = 262,288), building upon previous observational studies. In the analysis, we mainly used the inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method of the random effects model, supplemented by the weighted median method and MR‐Egger method. The results of the IVW method demonstrated that genetically predicted childhood sunburn was significantly associated with higher odds of CM, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.418 (95%CI, 1.426–4.099; p = .001). The weighted median method and MR‐Egger regression also demonstrated directionally similar results (both p < .05). Furthermore, both the funnel plot and the MR‐Egger intercepts showed the absence of directional pleiotropy between childhood sunburn and CM. Our study offers potential evidence linking genetically predicted childhood sunburn with CM, underscoring the need for individuals with a history of childhood sunburn to be extra vigilant regarding the occurrence of CM.
Caregiver education programme on intellectual and developmental disabilities: An acceptability and feasibility study in an academic medical setting
Authors: Stone‐Heaberlin Meg , Blackburn Allison , Qian Cheng
Published: September 2023

Background

Children and adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), including autism spectrum disorder, benefit from a variety of specialized interventions. However, there are barriers that impact families' ability to access such services for their children. While not intended as a replacement for individualized or group‐based interventions, educational classes may be an option in providing supplemental resources and support to families of individuals with I/DD. This study was a programme evaluation that examined the feasibility and acceptability of a Caregiver Education Program that was created in an outpatient specialty clinic of an academic medical centre, designed to provide educational information on a variety of topics relevant to children and adolescents with I/DD (e.g., toilet training, understanding behaviour and managing anxiety).

Method

The review included 1027 participants from 40 classes led by licensed clinicians, trainees, and/or experienced caregivers. Classes occurred approximately one time per month over the course of three‐and‐a‐half years and targeted caregivers of children and adolescents with I/DD and community‐based professionals in the field of I/DD. Participants were able to attend one or multiple classes, based on their interest in the given topic. Participants were asked to complete post‐training surveys at the end of each session as part of ongoing programme evaluation.

Results

Participants reported a high level of satisfaction and increased knowledge as a result of participating in classes, and higher knowledge gained and higher satisfaction for in‐person classes compared to virtual classes.

Conclusions

This programme is one model of education delivery with high acceptability and feasibility, designed to support families and increase access to information beyond specialized interventions. Future directions include improving the model of programme data collection, examination of the programme's generalization to practice and to other communities, and an emphasis on culturally responsive curricula.
Neutral polysaccharide from Gastrodia elata alleviates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis‐mediated neuroinflammation via the NRF2/HO‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yonggang , Ye Peng , Zhu Hua , Gu Lijuan , Li Yuntao , Feng Shi , Zeng Zhi , Chen Qianxue , Zhou Benhong , Xiong Xiaoxing
Published: September 2023

Aims

The crosstalk between ferroptosis and neuroinflammation considerably impacts the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI). Neutral polysaccharide from Gastrodia elata (NPGE) has shown significant effects against oxidative stress and inflammation. This study investigated the potential effects of NPGE on CIRI neuropathology.

Methods

The effects of NPGE were studied in a mouse model of ischemic stroke (IS) and in oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)‐induced HT22 cells.

Results

NPGE treatment decreased neurological deficits, reduced infarct volume, and alleviated cerebral edema in IS mice, and promoted the survival of OGD/R‐induced HT22 cells. Mechanistically, NPGE treatment alleviated neuronal ferroptosis by upregulating GPX4 levels, lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Fe2+ excessive hoarding, and meliorating GSH levels and SOD activity. Additionally, it inhibited neuroinflammation by down‐regulating the level of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, NLRP3, and HMGB1. Meanwhile, NPGE treatment alleviated ferroptosis and inflammation in erastin‐stimulated HT22 cells. Furthermore, NPGE up‐regulated the expression of NRF2 and HO‐1 and promoted the translocation of NRF2 into the nucleus. Using the NRF2 inhibitor brusatol, we verified that NRF2/HO‐1 signaling mediated the anti‐ferroptotic and anti‐inflammatory properties of NPGE.

Conclusion

Collectively, our results demonstrate the protective effects of NPGE and highlight its therapeutic potential as a drug component for CIRI treatment.
Clinical and oncological outcomes of pelvic exenteration surgery for anal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Quyn Aaron J. , Murthy Shilpa , Gould Laura , Said Hager , Tiernan Jim , Sagar Peter , Antoniou Anthony , Jenkins Ian , Burns Elaine M.
Published: September 2023

Aim

Anal cancer incidence and mortality rates are rising in the United Kingdom (UK). Surgery is an important treatment modality for persistent or recurrent disease. There is a paucity of data on outcomes for patients undergoing pelvic exenteration for anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) for persistent or recurrent disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes for patients who were treated with pelvic exenteration for anal SCC from two high‐volume, high‐complexity pelvic exenteration units in the UK.

Method

A retrospective review of prospectively maintained databases from 2011 to 2020 was undertaken. Primary endpoints included R0 resection rates, overall and disease‐free survival at 2 and 5 years.

Results

From 2011 to 2020, 35 patients with anal SCC were selected for exenteration. An R0 resection was achieved in 26 patients (77%). Of the remaining patients, seven patients had an R1 resection and one had a R2 resection. One further patient was excluded from additional analysis as the disease was inoperable at the time of laparotomy. With a median follow‐up of 19.5 months (interquartile range 7.9–53.5 months), overall survival was 50% (17/34). Patients with an R1/2 resection had a significantly poorer overall survival [0.27 (0.09–0.76), p = 0.021] than those patients in whom R0 resection was achieved. Disease‐free survival was 38.2% (13/34) and an R1/R2 resection was associated with a significantly reduced disease‐free survival [0.12 (0.04–0.36), p < 0.001].

Conclusion

Complete R0 resection for recurrent or persistent anal SCC is possible in the majority of patients and improves overall and disease‐free survival compared with R1/R2 resection.
Influence of physical post‐exercise recovery techniques on vagally‐mediated heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Laborde Sylvain , Wanders Jannik , Mosley Emma , Javelle Florian
Published: September 2023

In sports, physical recovery following exercise‐induced fatigue is mediated via the reactivation of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). A noninvasive way to quantify the reactivation of the PNS is to assess vagally‐mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), which can then be used as an index of physical recovery. This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated the effects of physical recovery techniques following exercise‐induced fatigue on vmHRV, specifically via the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). Randomized controlled trials from the databases PubMed, WebOfScience, and SportDiscus were included. Twenty‐four studies were part of the systematic review and 17 were included in the meta‐analysis. Using physical post‐exercise recovery techniques displayed a small to moderate positive effect on RMSSD (k = 22, Hedges' g = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20–0.61, p = 0.04) with moderate heterogeneity. In the subgroup analyses, cold water immersion displayed a moderate to large positive effect (g = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.42–1.07) compared with none for other techniques. For exercise type, physical recovery techniques performed after resistance exercise (g = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48–0.89) demonstrated a larger positive effect than after cardiovascular intermittent (g = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.06–0.97), while physical recovery techniques performed after cardiovascular continuous exercise had no effect. No significant subgroup differences for training status and exercise intensity were observed. Overall, physical post‐exercise recovery techniques can accelerate PNS reactivation as indexed by vmHRV, but the effectiveness varies with the technique and exercise type.
Real world experience with conversion from valganciclovir to letermovir for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis: Letermovir reverses leukopenia and avoids mycophenolate dose reduction
Authors: Jorgenson Margaret R. , Descourouez Jillian L. , Saddler Christopher M. , Smith Jeannina A. , Odorico Jon S. , Rice John P. , Mandelbrot Didier A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Valganciclovir (VGC) is the gold‐standard for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis (PPX) after solid organ transplant (SOT). Letermovir (LTV) was recently approved in high‐risk kidney transplant and has reduced myelosuppressive toxicity. Conversion from VGC to LTV may be pursued in the setting of leukopenia. It is unknown if this strategy is effective.

Methods

Adult patients receiving abdominal SOT were included if converted from VGC to LTV between January 1, 2018 and January 31, 2023. Primary objective was to describe the impact of LTV conversion as measured by WBC recovery, mycophenolate modification, and use of GCSF, and prophylaxis efficacy assessed by course completion and breakthrough DNAemia. Secondary objective was to evaluate rates of post‐prophylaxis CMV.

Results

Seventy five SOT recipients met inclusion criteria. Mean change in WBC in response to LTV conversion by day 14 was +2.02 ± 2.52 k/uL. 75%(56/75) of the population did not require mycophenolate adjustment or had their dose increased after conversion. GCSF was required in 38.7%(29/75) prior to conversion; only 21.3%(16/75) of patients required GCSF after conversion. Early termination was uncommon, 14.7%(11/75) stopped due to lack of ongoing insurance approval, only one patient stopped due to adverse effects (1.3%). One patient had clinically significant breakthrough (1.3%) that was successfully managed with VGC. Incidence of post prophylaxis CMV was 40%.

Conclusion

Withholding of VGC with LTV conversion may improve leukopenia without need for additional supportive measures. Most importantly, this strategy avoided additional mycophenolate modifications. In our study, LTV was associated with low rates of breakthrough. Post‐prophylaxis CMV was similar to VGC prophylaxis.
Groin wound management after decannulation of veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in heart transplantation: Role of sartorius muscle flap
Authors: Isath Ameesh , Gregory Vasiliki , Ohira Suguru , Levine Avi , Dhand Abhay , Laskowski Igor , Mateo Romeo , Babu Sateesh , Spielvogel David , Kai Masashi
Published: September 2023

Background

The management of complex groin wounds following VA‐ECMO after heart transplant (HT) is uncertain due to limited experience. Sartorius muscle flaps (SMF) have been used in vascular surgery for groin wound complications. However, their use in HT recipients with perioperative VA‐ECMO is unclear. This study aims to describe characteristics and outcomes of HT patients with groin complications after arterial decannulation for femoral VA‐ECMO.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed HT patients who underwent peri‐transplant femoral VA‐ECMO at our institution from April 2011 to February 2023. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence of cannulation‐related wound complications.

Results

Among the 34 patients requiring VA‐ECMO peri‐transplant, 17 (50%) experienced complications at the cannulation site. Baseline characteristics including duration of VA‐ECMO support were comparable in both groups. Patients with complications presented mostly with open wounds (41.1%) after a median duration of 22 days post‐transplant. Concurrent groin infections were observed in 52.3% of patients, all caused by gram‐negative bacteria.

Wound complications were managed with 12 (70.6%) undergoing SMF treatment and 5 (31.2%) receiving conventional therapy. Four SMF recipients had preemptive procedures for wound dehiscence, while eight underwent SMF for groin infections. Among the SMF group, 11 patients had favorable outcomes without recurrent complications, except for one patient who developed a groin infection with pseudoaneurysm formation. Conventional therapy with vacuum assisted closure (VAC) and antibiotics were utilized in four patients without infection and one patient with infection. Three patients required additional surgeries with favorable healing of the wound.

Conclusion

Complications related to femoral VA‐ECMO are common in HT patients, with infection being the most frequent complication. SMFs can be a useful tool to prevent progression of infection and improve local healing.
‘I know you like the back of my hand’: biometric practices of humanitarian organisations in international aid
Authors: Açιkyιldιz Çağlar
Published: September 2023

Humanitarian organisations are increasingly utilising biometric data. However, we know little about the extent and scope of this practice, as its benefits and risks have attracted all the attention so far. This paper explores the biometric practices of the United Nations Refugee Agency, the United Nations World Food Programme, the International Committee of the Red Cross, Médecins Sans Frontières, and World Vision International. The study analysed relevant documents published over the past two decades and 17 semi‐structured interviews with humanitarian workers conducted between June 2021 and June 2022. The findings reveal that humanitarian organisations use diverse types and functions of biometric data for different services, collaborate with many actors, and employ various data protection measures. Ultimately, challenging the straightforward generalisations about the use of such data, the paper argues that variational applications of biometrics in the humanitarian context require case‐by‐case analysis, as each instance will likely produce a different outcome.
Technical change and the postwar slowdown in Soviet economic growth in a long run perspective, 1885–2019
Authors: Kukić Leonard
Published: September 2023

The existing studies usually find that technical change was very important in constraining the economic growth of the Soviet Union. While these studies have been successful in quantifying the extent of technical change, they have been less successful in quantifying its nature. This paper moves a step closer to probing the essence of Soviet efficiency by splitting the aggregate technical change into its subcomponents – namely, capital and labour efficiency. I find that the Soviet Union registered strong labour efficiency gains during most of the postwar period, converging towards the labour efficiency level of the global frontier – the US. Labour efficiency growth did decrease over time, but labour efficiency was not a primary cause of Soviet growth retardation. That retardation was instead caused by a decline in capital efficiency. At a disaggregated level, I find that the decrease in capital efficiency was driven by structures. I hypothesize that labour shortages and an inadequate investment policy resulted in a large stock of unfinished, and hence idle, structures, distorting Soviet economic growth.
Carnap and the a priori
Authors: Marschall Benjamin
Published: September 2023

What are Carnap's views on the epistemology of mathematics? Did he believe in a priori justification, and if so, what is his account of it? One might think that such questions are misguided, since in the 1930s Carnap came to reject traditional epistemology as a confused mixture of logic and psychology. But things are not that simple. Drawing on recent work by Richardson and Uebel, I will show that Carnap's mature metaphilosophy leaves room for two distinct notions of a priori justification: one propositional, the other doxastic. The latter is especially interesting since it comes closest to a traditional understanding of a priority. On the other hand, Carnap has little to say about doxastic justification in his writings. This lacuna can be filled by drawing on an unpublished exchange with Irving M. Copi. In it, so I will show, Carnap endorses the view that agents can come to know all mathematical truths a priori. This fact, so I will further argue, can be used to adjudicate a dispute between Ricketts and Friedman about the nature and viability of Carnap's philosophy of mathematics—specifically his reliance on infinitary methods.
Hair relaxation after shaping – A kinetic approach
Authors: Breakspear S. , Noecker B. , Popescu C.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Hair fibres have been shaped via either a thermal route or via a chemical route. The time‐relaxation transients of the shaped hairs in air, and in water, respectively, were evaluated. The collected data were kinetically modelled in order to reveal information about the rate controlling mechanism of the recovery process.

Methods

Hair fibres were thermally shaped at different temperatures between heated plates and left to relax in an environment of controlled humidity and temperature. Different hair fibres were chemically shaped and left to relax in water of different controlled temperatures. Relaxation data were used for modelling the kinetics of the recovery processes by using exponential and logarithmic kinetic laws. The fitting of the models to the two sets of data has been checked by using the residual sum of squares for matching the proper model to each set of data.

Results

The processes of shaping and recovery were assimilated with a sequence of two successive quasi‐chemical reactions, occurring at the used temperatures. Based on chemical and physical assumptions, the two groups of experiments were modelled by two different laws: an exponential law, suggesting a first‐order process as the rate‐determining step of the relaxation of thermally shaped fibres, and a logarithmic law, suggesting a slow relaxation, based on percolation theory, for the chemically shaped fibres. This allowed use of chemical kinetics tools for calculating the values of the activation energy in each case. The evaluated values of activation energy of the relaxation processes for both thermal and chemical shaping were found to be close to each other, in spite of the different methods of shaping.

Conclusion

The kinetic analysis suggests that despite different reaction sequences occurring during the different shaping‐relaxation processes, the rate‐controlling mechanism that manages the recovery process is the same in all cases; and this process is proposed to be the thiol‐disulphide reformation of intra‐protein bonds inside hair.
Anthropomorphism and consumer behaviour: ASPAR‐4‐SLRprotocol compliant hybrid review
Authors: Khan Fateh Mohd , Anas Mohammad , Uddin S. M. Fatah
Published: September 2023

The notion of ‘anthropomorphism’ has been a subject of intrigue for transdisciplinary academics and scholars for the longest time, as the origin of this concept dates back to the BCE (Before Common Era). Over the past few decades, anthropomorphism literature has been burgeoning in the marketing discipline and its subfields (branding, advertising, consumer behaviour, etc.). This relatively novel stream adopts anthropomorphism as a concept and offers fascinating insights into consumers and their choices, behaviour, and intentions. Although there have been several qualitative review‐based assessments of anthropomorphism within the marketing field, none have been informed by quantitative tools or through a framework‐based approach. Our hybrid variant of systematic review fills this gap by using bibliometric techniques (performance analysis, co‐authorship analysis of countries and authors, and co‐word analysis of keywords) and Theories‐Context‐Characteristics‐Methods (TCCM) framework to show theevolution,trends,and intellectual structure of anthropomorphismin consumer behaviour research. We depict the evolving trajectory and trends over time using a sample of 432 peer‐reviewed journal articles and 27,671 secondary references (between 2005 and 2023) on anthropomorphism in consumer behaviour. Significant results include identifying and describing the most influential authors, articles, journals and countries, different research streams, their development, and future research directions. We also present six knowledge clusters delineating the intellectual knowledge structure of the field. An additional section depicting theories employed, characteristics explored, contexts examined, and methods utilized in the domain have also been presented. Furthermore, we used the TCCM framework to orchestrate possible trajectories for future research. By doing this, we offer academics and practitioners a systematic comprehension of the advancements in the domain and a comprehensive road map for future research.
Symptom prevalence and secondary attack rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 in rural Kenyan households: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Gallagher Katherine E. , Nyiro Joyce , Agoti Charles N. , Maitha Eric , Nyagwange James , Karani Angela , Bottomley Christian , Murunga Nickson , Githinji George , Mutunga Martin , Ochola‐Oyier Lynette Isabella , Kombe Ivy , Nyaguara Amek , Kagucia E. Wangeci , Warimwe George , Agweyu Ambrose , Tsofa Benjamin , Bejon Philip , Scott J. Anthony G. , Nokes David James
Published: September 2023

Background

We estimated the secondary attack rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 among household contacts of PCR‐confirmed cases of COVID‐19 in rural Kenya and analysed risk factors for transmission.

Methods

We enrolled incident PCR‐confirmed cases and their household members. At baseline, a questionnaire, a blood sample, and naso‐oropharyngeal swabs were collected. Household members were followed 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days after the date of the first PCR‐positive in the household; naso‐oropharyngeal swabs were collected at each visit and used to define secondary cases. Blood samples were collected every 1–2 weeks. Symptoms were collected in a daily symptom diary. We used binomial regression to estimate secondary attack rates and survival analysis to analyse risk factors for transmission.

Results

A total of 119 households with at least one positive household member were enrolled between October 2020 and September 2022, comprising 503 household members; 226 remained in follow‐up at day 14 (45%). A total of 43 secondary cases arose within 14 days of identification of the primary case, and 81 household members remained negative. The 7‐day secondary attack rate was 4% (95% CI 1%–10%), the 14‐day secondary attack rate was 28% (95% CI 17%–40%). Of 38 secondary cases with data, eight reported symptoms (21%, 95% CI 8%–34%). Antibody to SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein at enrolment was not associated with risk of becoming a secondary case.

Conclusion

Households in our setting experienced a lower 7‐day attack rate than a recent meta‐analysis indicated as the global average (23%–43% depending on variant), and infection is mostly asymptomatic in our setting.
California's Suicide Decline, 1970–1990
Authors: Males Mike
Published: September 2023

From 1970 to 1990 California experienced a 32% decline in suicide, which was particularly pronounced among women, non‐whites, the young, and urban dwellers. Suicide declines of over 50% were recorded in San Francisco and Los Angeles, and large decreases occurred in other coastal counties. Additionally, California was the only one of 51 states to show a consistent decline in teenage and young‐adult suicide (accompanied by an 88% decrease in teenage drug and other poisoning deaths). Initial investigation of death certification, accident and homicide trends, economic measures, and prevention efforts did not produce an explanation for a suicide decrease of California's magnitude. However, the state does display anomalous trends in certain social measures (reduced divorce, rising non‐White population, and rising homicide) that point to multifactorial hypotheses including demographic changes and changed attitudes toward violence. Review of the accuracy of past suicide certification procedures nationally is also indicated.
A Comparison of 15 Theories of Suicide
Authors: Lester David
Published: September 2023

A method is illustrated for studying the lives of suicidal individuals. Each of 15 theories of suicide is operationalized with 10 statements. These 150 statements are then rated as present or absent in the lives of 30 famous suicides for whom a biography is available. The theory of Aaron Beck is found to be most applicable to the suicidal lives and that of Sigmund Freud least applicable. A factor analysis has identified five clusters of theories; and the age, sex, national origin, era, and experience of loss are found to be associated with scores of the 30 suicides on the 15 theories.
Relationship satisfaction in Black heterosexual couples: The role of self‐compassion and openness
Authors: Williams Zenova , Baptist Joyce
Published: September 2023

The study examined how Black heterosexual couples cope with the impact of racial discrimination on their relationship. The Vulnerability Stress Adaptation (VSA) model was utilized to examine the role of self‐compassion in mitigating negative interaction in the relationship and how racial discrimination might disrupt this protective process. Further, the influence of open communication on the relationship between negative interaction and overall relationship satisfaction was explored. Participants included 210 Black married heterosexual couples. A common‐fate moderated mediation model was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that first, higher levels of self‐compassion in both spouses were associated with lower negative interaction within the couple's relationship. Second, among wives, the relationship between self‐compassion and negative interaction changed in response to higher levels of racial discrimination. Third, couples' negative interaction suppressed the positive effects of self‐compassion on overall relationship satisfaction. Fourth, for wives, the level of open communication played a role in the relationship between negative interaction and relationship satisfaction. Fifth, specifically for wives, the extent to which self‐compassion was related to relationship satisfaction through negative interaction depended on the level of discrimination perceived by wives and the degree of open communication in their relationships. The findings have implications for clinical work and further research.
Persian orientalism: Raciolinguistic ideologies and the construction of ‘Iranianness’
Authors: Mohammadpour Ahmad
Published: September 2023

This article excavates the Eurocentric roots of Iranian nationalist discourse, which emerged from the political and intellectual trajectories of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Premised on the epistemic privilege of the Persian language, a selective remembrance of the past, and forging an internal Other, I contend that this raciolinguistic ideology equated Persianness with Iranianness and naturalised Persian as both a language and a race. I begin by tracing the origin of Iranianness or Irāniyat: a concept coined by Mirza Fath'Ali Akhundzadeh and Mirza Aqa Khan Kermani, two influential figures in late Qajar Iran, whose writings introduced and disseminated the Eurocentric and Orientalist view of the non‐Persian Other. In the second section, I examine how the Berlin Circle, a group of Iranian nationalist intellectuals in the early 20th century, elaborated these ideas into a coherent racial and political ideology that later informed the Pahlavis' state‐building project in 1925. The last section of the article engages with the recent neologism of the ‘Persianate World’, an intellectual enterprise imbued with an Orientalist predisposition that aims to inscribe a trans‐border and transcultural quality to Persian culture far beyond its current boundaries, encompassing Eurasia and Central Asia.
Aquinas on Wisdom
Authors: O'Grady Paul
Published: September 2023

The topic of wisdom attracted much less attention in modern thought than in ancient and medieval times. However, there has been a renewal of interest in it in recent psychology and philosophy, and a variety of questions has emerged from this current work. Aquinas has a detailed and elaborate account of the wisdom which pervades hisoeuvre. This paper explores that and seeks to answer some of these contemporary questions from Aquinas's perspective.
Aquinas and Anscombe on Connaturality and Moral Knowledge
Authors: Haldane John
Published: September 2023

The idea of ‘connatural knowledge’ is attributed to Aquinas on the basis of passages in which he distinguishes between scientific and affective experiential knowledge of religious and moral truths. In a series of encyclicals beginning with Leo XIII's Aeterni Patris, popes have celebrated and commended Aquinas as the supreme guide in philosophy and theology and in some of these cited his discovery of connatural knowledge. The course and context of his ‘elevation’ are explored before proceeding to a discussion of moral knowledge in which different forms of non-theoretical cognition are identified. This leads to an examination of work by Elizabeth Anscombe on the factuality of ethical judgement and connaturality. Aquinas and Anscombe offer important insights but more work remains to be done. Moral knowledge is a many-faceted thing. More accurately, it is not one thing but many things analogously related both by their modes and by their objects.