bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Supply Chain Visibility and Resilience Through Information Systems Integration
Authors: Holloway Samuel
Published: February 2025

This study examines the incorporation of information technology to improve visibility and resilience in supply networks. Amid increasing global complexity and volatility, enterprises must embrace innovative digital technology to maintain competitiveness and adaptability. This research utilizes qualitative methodologies, namely in-depth interviews with industry experts and practitioners, to investigate the impact of integrated information systems on supply chain performance. The results indicate that effective integration enhances operational efficiency and promotes real-time data exchange, allowing companies to make prompt, informed choices. The research identifies key themes, including the need of cooperation among supply chain partners, the disruptive effects of technologies like artificial intelligence and blockchain, and the need to cultivate a culture of innovation and trust. Moreover, the study underscores the difficulties encountered in the deployment of these technologies, including financial implications and the need for qualified staff. The research highlights that leadership dedication and a conducive organizational culture are crucial for surmounting these hurdles and successfully harnessing digital change. This study enhances the comprehension of how integrated information systems may enhance supply chain resilience and visibility, providing significant insights for both practitioners and scholars. By underscoring the strategic significance of these systems, businesses may improve their capacity to address disruptions, maintain operational excellence, and attain sustainable development in a fluctuating business landscape.
Tracking Interpersonal Violence: A 13-Year Review of Cases in a Referral Hospital (2009-2022)
Authors: Santiago-Sáez Andrés , Lázaro del Nogal Montserrat , Villavicencio Carrillo Patricia , Martín Acero María Teresa , Fernández Alonso Cesareo , Lana Soto Raquel
Published: February 2025

Interpersonal violence involves intentional physical harm with psychological effects, influenced by interper-sonal and societal factors. Health systems play a vital role in detecting and addressing such violence, requir-ing improved training and surveillance. Our hospital established a registry for suspected violence cases re-ported by healthcare professionals to enhance understanding, prevention strategies, and recognition of vio-lence types and risk factors. Since 2009, all admitted patients suspected of experiencing violence were in-cluded, regardless of age or gender. Data from 2009 to 2022 covered demographics, violence details, medical interventions, and legal actions. Among 1,284 patients, 83.4% were seen in the emergency department, with women comprising 80.8% and a mean age of 33.19 years. Reports of violence rose from 1.9% in 2009 to 16.9% in 2022. Risk factors included pregnancy [5.6%], age below 18 or over 80 [18.9%], disability [10.2%], and psy-chiatric conditions [11.3%]. Perpetrators were known in 56.8% of cases, mainly intimate partners [25.2%], with 29.4% of victims living with the aggressor. Doctors were primary reporters, and injury reports were is-sued in 65.5% of cases. Violence types included physical [44.5%], sexual [22.4%], psychological [13.3%], and economic [12.5%], with 36.3% involving multiple types. Routine hospital screening and trained staff can im-prove victim support and enable injury prevention programs.
Morphinan Alkaloids and Their Transformations: A Historical Perspective of a Century of Opioid Research in Hungary †
Authors: Marton János , Cumming Paul , Rice Kenner C. , Linders Joannes T. M.
Published: February 2025

The word opium derives from ancient Greek word ὄπιον (ópion) for the juice of any plant, but today means the air-dried seed capsule latex of Papaver somniferum. Alkaloid chemistry began with the isolation of morphine from crude opium by Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner in 1804. More than a century later, the Hungarian pharmacist János Kabay opened new perspectives for the direct isolation of morphine from dry poppy heads and straw without the labor-intensive harvesting of opium. In 2015, Kabay’s life and achievements obtained official recognition as constituting a «Hungarikum», thereby entering the national repository of matters of unique cultural value. To this day, the study of Papaver alkaloids is a focus of medicinal chemistry, which the (perhaps unstated) aspiration to obtain an opioid with lesser abuse potential and side effects, while retaining good analgesic properties. We begin this review with a brief account of opiate biosynthesis, followed by a detailed presentation of semisynthetic opioids, emphasizing efforts of the Alkaloida Chemical Company, founded in 1927 by János Kabay, and the morphine alkaloid group of the University of Debrecen.
Functional Connectome Fingerprinting Through Tucker Tensor Decomposition
Authors: Carvalho Vitor , Liu Mintao , Harezlak Jaroslaw , Estrada Gómez Ana María , Goñi Joaquín
Published: February 2025

The human functional connectome (FC) is a representation of the functional couplings between brain regions derived from blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals. We hypothesized that tensors, given their ability to project high-dimensional data into lower dimensional spaces via decomposition techniques, enable detecting the brain fingerprint with high accuracy. In this work, we present a mathematical framework based on Tucker decomposition to uncover the FC fingerprint of participants from the Young-Adult Human Connectome Project (HCP) Dataset. We analyzed how the following factors relate to within-and between-condition (rest-task) fingerprinting: brain parcellation granularity, decomposition rank, and scan length. Relative to FC matrices, we observed the highest increase in matching rates for parcellation granularity of 214 in the within-condition setting. Notably, our framework provides a substantial matching rate improvement in the between-condition setting relative to original FC matrices. Further, with our framework, sub-sampling the resting-state time series in the between-condition setting yielded fingerprinting results similar to those obtained by sampling the entire resting-state time series.
Leveraging Technology for Agile and Coordinated Responses to Supply Chain Disruptions
Authors: Holloway Samuel
Published: February 2025

The global supply chain management environment has undergone considerable change, requiring a transition to more robust and flexible operating frameworks. This study examines the crucial influence of technology-facilitated agility and coordination on improving supply chain resilience, especially in light of current global difficulties. The research employs a thorough qualitative investigation of 30 supply chain specialists, revealing significant themes including technology integration, supplier engagement, effective risk management, and the impact of leadership on organizational culture. Research indicates that firms using new technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and automation achieve enhanced operational efficiency and response to disturbances. Furthermore, cultivating robust supplier connections is essential for facilitating collaborative problem-solving and resource sharing, thereby improving overall supply chain agility. The report emphasizes the importance of proactive risk management practices that enable firms to recognize and successfully reduce possible hazards. Leadership is recognized as a pivotal element in fostering innovation and developing a flexible organizational culture, vital for managing the intricacies of contemporary supply chains. This study offers essential information for firms aiming to improve their resilience and responsiveness in a turbulent global context. By adopting these technology-driven concepts, firms may establish resilient supply chains that can prosper amid uncertainties and interruptions.
A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Use of Restricted Boltzmann Machines and Deep Belief Networks for Human Action Recognition
Authors: Joudaki Majid
Published: February 2025

This literature review provides a comprehensive synthesis of research on the use of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) and Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) for human action recognition (HAR) from 2012 to the present. The review begins by introducing the theoretical foundations of RBMs and DBNs, detailing their architectures, training algorithms (notably contrastive divergence), and various extensions—including convolutional and recurrent adaptations—that have been developed to better capture the spatial–temporal dynamics inherent in video data. Key contributions in the field are systematically analyzed, with emphasis on hybrid models that integrate RBM/DBN pretraining with modern deep learning techniques to enhance feature extraction and improve recognition accuracy. The review also examines the major benchmark datasets used in HAR research (such as KTH, HMDB51, UCF101, NTU RGB+D, and Kinetics), discussing preprocessing strategies, evaluation metrics, and the challenges associated with overfitting, computational complexity, and model interpretability. In addition, recent trends such as the incorporation of attention mechanisms, self-supervised learning, and multi-modal data fusion are explored. By highlighting both the historical significance and the evolving advancements of RBM/DBN methodologies, this review provides insights into the current state of HAR research and outlines promising directions for future investigation, including the integration of generative pretraining with emerging architectures for robust and efficient real-time action recognition.
Co-variations of Geophysical Agents and Physicochemical Proper-ties of the Skin in Examinees in High Latitudes: Prospects for the Using of Gas-Discharge Visualization Method
Authors: Belisheva Natalia Konstantinovna , Solovyevskaya Natalia Leonidovna , Yusubova Tatiana Andreevna , Ysubov Ramiz Ragimogly
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the study was to estimate the capabilities of the Gas Dis-charge Visualization (GDV) method for detection of effects of geophysical agents (GA) on the human body and to compare it's advantage with Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), usually applied for detection stress. The studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 years on the Spitsbergen archipelago, and in 2023-2024 - in Apatity, Murmansk region, where daily the GDV and GSR indices were detected along of recruited participants of the study. For the first time, the daily covariations of GA and the GDV indices, mani-festing the physicochemical properties of the skin, were revealed in these studies. It was found, that correlations and their signs between the GA and GDV indices were determined by the intensity of the neutron flux at the Earth's surface, and the variabil-ity of the Solar Wind (SW). The correlations between the GDV and GA indices were reproduced in different years, in the case of comparability of the neutron level at the Earth's surface in the study period. The advantage of the GDV method, in comparing with the GSR was shown. The finding evident that GDV indices are indicators of ef-fects of GA on the human body.
Research and Design of Three-Joint Bionic Fish Based on BCF Model
Authors: Yu Bojian , Pavlenko Petro
Published: February 2025

This study aims to enhance the maneuverability and monitoring capabilities of biomimetic robotic fish in aquatic environments. A three joint biomimetic fish with forked tail fins was designed based on the body and tail fin (BCF) model to optimize propulsion efficiency and mimic natural fish swimming. The mechanical structure uses servo modules connected in series to simulate spinal joints, and precise control is achieved through PWM signals and Arduino based systems. The tail fin design follows the principles of fluid dynamics, especially the anti Karman vortex street effect, while the ballast mechanism is used to adjust the pitch angle to achieve vertical motion. The robotic fish integrates temperature, pH, and turbidity sensors for real-time water quality monitoring and data transmission through WiFi. The experimental results show that the swimming speed of the bionic fish is 0.018 m/s, the turning angular velocity is 15 °/s, and the maximum pitch angle is 5.69 °, verifying its good maneuverability. The water quality monitoring experiment shows that compared with traditional methods, the deviations of water temperature, pH value, and turbidity are 0.67%, 0.05%, and 0.23%, respectively, which meet the accuracy requirements of water quality parameter detection. This design successfully combines biomimetic motion with embedded sensing technology, providing a compact solution for dynamic aquatic monitoring. Although the system has shown potential in environmental applications, improvements in speed, maneuverability, and sensor accuracy are still needed in the future to enhance its operational capabilities in complex underwater environments.
Can Progressive Supranuclear Palsy be Accurately Identified on MRI with the Use of Visual Rating Scales and Signs?
Authors: Anyfantakis George
Published: February 2025

Introduction Neurodegenerative diseases like progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) present challenges concerning their diagnosis. Neuroimaging using magnetic resonance (MRI) may add diagnostic value. However, modern techniques such as volumetric assessment using Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM), although proven to be more accurate and superior methods compared to MRI, have not gained popularity among scientists in the investigation of neurological disorders, due to their higher cost and time‐consuming applications. Conventional brain MRI methods may present a quick, practical, and easy to use imaging rating tool for the differential diagnosis of PSP. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a string of existing visual MRI rating scales and signs with regards to their impact for the diagnosis of PSP. Materials and Methods The population study consisted of 30 patients suffering from PSP and 72 healthy controls. Each study participant underwent a brain MRI, which was subsequently examined by two independent researchers, in a double-blinded fashion. Fifteen visual rating scales and signs were evaluated including pontine atrophy, cerebellar atrophy, midbrain atrophy, aqueduct of Sylvius enlargement, cerebellar peduncles hyperintensities, οκι8θ of the fourth ventricle (100% sensitivity ‐ 71% specificity) and left temporal lobe atrophy (97% sensitivity ‐ 78% specificity). Conclusions Enlargement of Sylvius aqueduct, enlargement of the fourth ventricle and atrophy of both temporal lobes together with presence of morning glory and hummingbird signs can be easily and quickly distinguished and identified by an experienced radiologist without involving any complex analysis making them a useful tool for the PSP diagnosis. MRI visual scale measurements could be added to the diagnostic criteria of PSP and may serve as an alternative to highly technical and more sophisticated quantification methods.
Comprehensive Analysis of Knee Joint Mobilization Skills in Physical Therapy Education: Validity and Reliability of On-Site and Off-Site Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS)
Authors: Hou Yu-Jen , Liu Wen-Yu , Hsieh Ming-Ju , Lien Hen-Yu , Wang Tzyy-Jiuan , Cheng Chih-Hsiu , Yau Sze-Yuen , Lin Yang-Hua
Published: February 2025

Background: The direct observation of procedural skills for knee joint mobilization (DOPSknee) tool requires validation to ensure its reliability and validity for providing immediate feedback and assessing its applicability in off-site settings. We aimed to describe the implementation and clinimetric properties of DOPSknee in both on-site and off-site environments, as well as to evaluate the preclinical competencies of physical therapy (PT) students.
Methods: Following the development of DOPSknee, 42 preclinical PT students were filmed performing knee joint mobilization. Their performance was assessed by two clinical instructors using DOPSknee, in on-site and off-site conditions, with an interval of 1.5–4.5 months between assessments.
Results: DOPSknee exhibited good on-site inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.78). However, it had poor off-site inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.37) and intra-rater reliability differed substantially between on- and off-site evaluations (evaluator 1: ICC = 0.42; evaluator 2: ICC = 0.88). Nevertheless, DOPSknee exhibited good reliability for average measures from on- and off-site evaluations (ICC = 0.84). Average total DOPSknee scores were significantly correlated with average global rating scores in both on-site (r = 0.47) and off-site conditions (r = 0.75), as well as in cross-over conditions (r = 0.54 and 0.71). The cutoff score for DOPSknee was determined to be 14 points. Construct validity analysis of both on- and off-site evaluations revealed that students who passed the DOPSknee evaluation had significantly higher average global rating scores (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: DOPSknee exhibited good validity and reliability for assessing student performance in on-site conditions. However, caution is recommended when interpreting off-site results. Using average measures may improve reliability in off-site assessments.
Loading of a porous rock with constant micro-seismic event rate suppresses seismicity and promotes subcritical failure
Authors: Mangriotis Maria-Daphne , Cartwright-Taylor Alexis , Main Ian , Curtis Andrew , Bell Andrew , Butler Ian B. , Fusseis Florian
Published: February 2025

Catastrophic failure is the end result of progressive localisation of damage creating brittle failure on a variety of system scales in the Earth. However, the factors controlling this evolution, and the relationship between deformation and the resulting earthquake hazard, are not well constrained. Here we address the question of how to adapt operational controls in a strain-inducing laboratory experiment so as to minimize associated microseismicity. We simultaneously image the induced damage using x-rays at a synchrotron, and detect acoustic emissions which can be fed back to change operational controls on the experiment. We confirm that using continuous servo-control based on acoustic emission event rate not only slows down deformation compared to standard constant strain rate loading, but also suppresses events of all sizes, including extreme events. We develop a new model that explains this observation, based on the observed evolution of microstructural damage and the fracture mechanics of subcritical crack growth. The model is independently consistent with the observed stress history and acoustic emission statistics. Our results imply that including seismic event rate control may improve risk management of induced seismicity over a range of event magnitudes, if similar processes are relevant at larger scales.
A Population-Based Cohort to Investigate the Impact of COVID-19 on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mental Health Care in Italy (Comeh): Study Protocol
Authors: Petrelli Alessio , Aragona Massimiliano , Ciampichini Roberta , Napoli Anteo Di , Fano Valeria , Leone Sara , Pacifici Martina , Rosini Claudio , Silvestri Caterina , Zucchi Alberto , Ventura Martina
Published: February 2025

Purpose
The CoMeH cohort was established to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of mental health services in Italy in the short and long term, with a particular focus on socioeconomic and/or citizenship inequalities.
Methods
All residents subjects for at least 2 years, aged ≥ 10 years, and assisted by an NHS general practitioner (GP) of the area of residence, in three vast catchment areas (N = 5,167,043). Primary outcomes of interest are the following indicators of mental health care services’ use: first access to any mental health care service, total number of accesses to mental health care services, the consumption of psychiatric drugs, the number of psychiatric or psychological outpatient visits, the number of residential or day care days spent in psychiatric facilities, the number of emergency and/or inpatient admissions to hospitals.
Results
Incident users were 3.2% of the population for Bergamo LHA, 3.5% for Rome2 LHA, and 4.4% for the Tuscany Region. The overall crude incidence rate of access to mental health care was 3.3% in the pre-COVID-19 period and 2.6% during the pandemic. Prescriptions for a mental disorder (57.2%) and ED admissions (25.1%) were the main reasons for enrollment. Compared to the general population, people with mental health conditions were older and more often female. The distribution of the incident users by deprivation index overlapped that of the population. Immigrants were younger, socioeconomically more deprived, and more often entered the study for an ED admission.
Conclusion
We will focus on the impact of the pandemic through the evaluation of accesses to hospitalization, emergency, outpatient visits, residential and day care services, and drug prescriptions. We will also evaluate socioeconomic inequalities through the use of census-based deprivation index and migration status. Finally, we will also analyze the impact of COVID-19 infection and outcome on the study cohort.
Differences between behavioral time budget and welfare indicators in two different slow-growing broiler genotypes kept in the free-range system
Authors: Sozcu Arda , Ipek Aydın , Gunnarsson Stefan
Published: February 2025

The consumer interest for meat from slow growing broilers in free-range system has increased recently. Therefore, the need for knowledge about behaviour and welfare of birds in these systems has increased. The aim of this study was to compare the differences between behavioral time budget, and clinical welfare indicators in two slow growing broiler genotypes (Hubbard ISA Red JA-57 and Sasso XL44 × SA51A) kept in a free-range system. In total of 480 one-day old chicks were reared, and the birds were regularly scored for behavioral time budget and multiple welfare indicators. The eating and drinking showed a decreasing tendency in Sasso birds, whereas they showed a decrease and then an increment in Hubbard birds with increasing of age (P < 0.01). Hubbard birds had the highest percentage of explorative pecking (7.65%), whereas Sasso birds had the lowest percentage of explorative pecking (4.33% at day 63, P < 0.01). The duration of tonic immobility was found to be longer, as well as the number of tonic immobility inductions was higher in Sasso birds compared to the Hubbard (26.49 vs. 19.68 s; 1.54 and 1.24, respectively P < 0.01). These findings indicate that birds of the Hubbard genotype may be more prone to aggression behaviors such as comb pecking and skin injuries, but they showed less fearful and higher walking ability, compared to Sasso birds.
GPR176 enhances the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Mu Guangchuan , Li Kaiyan , Hu Chaozhen , Cai Jintao , Ruan Huichao , Zhu Guanyu , Liu Dang
Published: February 2025

Gastric cancer is characterized by a high incidence and unfavorable prognosis. The exploration of novel molecular markers and a deeper understanding of their mechanisms of action hold the potential to offer fresh insights into gastric cancer treatment. Leveraging the TCGA-STAD and GSE66254 datasets, this study conducted an analysis on the relationship between GPR176 and clinical pathological features. Furthermore, it was validated in patients from The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. Cell migration and invasion capabilities were evaluated through Transwell and scratch assays. Western blot was performed to detect the impact of GPR176 on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Nude mouse tumorigenesis experiments were conducted to validate the impact of GPR176 on tumor growth in vivo. GPR176 exhibited higher expression levels in gastric cancer tissues, and was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Significant downregulation of GPR176 suppressed the invasive and migratory capabilities of gastric cancer cells, concomitant with the inhibition of the PI3K and EMT signaling pathways. However, the phenotypic changes induced by GPR176 downregulation and its inhibitory effects could be reversed by the overexpression of PIP5K1A. Nude mouse tumorigenesis experiments validated the findings from cell experiments, demonstrating that GPR176 downregulation suppressed tumor growth, while GPR176 overexpression promoted tumor growth. Similarly, after GPR176 downregulation, the EMT and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in tumor cells were significantly inhibited, whereas GPR176 upregulation led to their substantial activation. In conclusion, GPR176 emerged as a newly identified prognostic marker in this study. GPR176 may promote the EMT of gastric cancer cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
The Effect of Climate Change on the Sustainable Development of Algeria and its Regions for the period 2010 to 2022
Authors: Touitou Mohammed , Afandi waleed
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of climate change on sustainable development in Algeria and its regions during the period 2010–2022. To achieve this, an econometric analysis was conducted using generalized linear models, with Eviews 10.0 software to estimate a set of four econometric models. These models were designed to identify the causal relationships between climate change and sustainable development variables. The key findings of the research provide strong evidence that climate change negatively impacted sustainable development in Algeria and its regions, with a medium-intensity effect. Specifically, the study reveals that climate change had adverse effects on the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development between 2010 and 2022.
Significant Muscle Strength Deficits Persist One Year After ACL Reconstruction with Hamstring Tendon Autografts
Authors: eğerci ömer faruk , köse özkan , arslan gufat , doğruöz fırat , yapar aliekber , dikmen ismail , ünal melih
Published: February 2025

Background
Hamstring tendon (HT) autografts are frequently used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, but their impact on muscle strength recovery and knee functionality remains a concern.
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the changes in muscle strength and recovery dynamics in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using hamstring tendon autografts. The primary focus was on assessing quadriceps and hamstring strength, hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q) ratios, and Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) before and one year post-surgery. Additionally, the study examined clinical outcomes using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm Knee Scores.
Study Design:
Prospective cohort study; Level of evidence; 2.
Methods
Seventeen male patients (mean age 25.1 ± 7.1 years) who underwent ACL reconstruction with hamstring autografts were included. Isokinetic testing assessed muscle strength preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively. Outcome measures included concentric and eccentric peak torque values for quadriceps and hamstrings, H/Q ratios, LSI, and functional outcomes measured by the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Score and the Lysholm Knee Score. Statistical analysis compared preoperative and postoperative data.
Results
Significant preoperative disparities were observed in concentric quadriceps strength between injured and uninjured sides, with persistent deficits postoperatively. Eccentric quadriceps strength showed stability, but hamstring strength significantly decreased post-surgery. Conventional and functional H/Q ratios worsened postoperatively, failing to meet normal benchmarks. LSI for both quadriceps and hamstrings remained below the 90% threshold postoperatively, indicating persistent strength deficits. Despite these muscle imbalances, significant improvements were observed in knee function, with increased IKDC and Lysholm scores.
Conclusion
One year after ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon autografts, patients exhibit substantial deficits in quadriceps and hamstring strength, reflected in lowered H/Q ratios and LSI values. Despite these deficits, significant improvements in knee function and stability are observed. Extended and targeted rehabilitation focusing on concentric and eccentric muscle strengthening may be necessary for optimal recovery.
Suspended graphene-based NEMS accelerometers with direct electrical readout
Authors: Fan Xuge , Ding Jie , He Chang , Ma Hongliang , Zhang Wendong
Published: February 2025

Atomically thin suspended graphene can be used as NEMS transducers for ultra-small and high-performance sensors due to its excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Most applications of suspended graphene in NEMS devices are limited to pressure sensors, resonators, switches, etc. Graphene-based NEMS accelerometers have rarely been reported, with limitations such as mechanical robustness, life span and device yield, thereby limiting their practical applications. Here, we reported piezoresistive graphene-based NEMS accelerometers with high manufacturing yield, excellent mechanical robustness and stability, and long life span, in which the width of trenches for suspending graphene membranes was only 1 µm and fully-clamped suspended double-layer graphene membranes with an attached SiO2/Si proof mass was used as acceleration transducer. The impact of geometrical sizes of the proof mass attached to the suspended graphene membranes on the output signal of devices has been studied. These findings would contribute to rapid developments and practical applications of ultra-small and high-performance graphene-based NEMS accelerometers and related devices.
Evaluation of pyroptosis-associated genes in endometrial cancer based on the 101- combination machine learning framework and multi-omics data
Authors: Huang Li Juan , Chen Lin , Tang Min , Zhan Shi Tong , Chen Feng , Teng An Yi , Sang Wei Lin , Zhou Li Na , Yang Ye
Published: February 2025

Background
Endometrial cancer (EC) represents a common malignancy within gynecological cancers, characterized by a notably high mortality rate. The absence of reliable prognostic biomarkers significantly impairs the effectiveness of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) strategies. Pyroptosis, a distinct form of programmed cell death, has been closely linked to anti-cancer immune responses. Nonetheless, the precise role of pyroptosis in the context of EC remains elusive.
Methods
Pyroptosis-associated genes (PAGs) were screened in Msigdb. We used consensus clustering to classify PAGs from TCGA-UCEC into two clusters, and examined their characteristics. The Seurat package was employed to analyze significant PAGs in EC single-cell data. The mime package was utilized to screen suitable machine learning approaches and build models. A nomogram was constructed to validate the model's performance. Additionally, CIBERSORT was used to evaluate immune infiltration results, and TIDE scores from the TCIA database were applied to assess EC patients' responses to immune checkpoint therapy. Subsequently, we performed PAG-related pathway analysis in EC patients with or without response to PD-1 therapy using the CellChat module in Seurat. Finally, the OncoPredict package was used to predict drug sensitivity in EC patients.
Results
A consensus PAGs ("CASP3", "CHMP3", "CYCS", "GSDMD", "IRF1", and "NOD1") was constructed based on a 101-combination machine learning computational framework, demonstrating outstanding performance in predicting prognosis and clinical translation. We observed distinct biological functions and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment between the high- and low-risk groups. Notably, the immunophenoscore (IPS) score showed a significant difference between risk subgroups, suggesting a negative response to PD-1 in the high-risk group. Potential drugs targeting specific risk subgroups were also identified.
Conclusion
Our study constructed an PAGs that can serve as a promising tool for prognosis prediction, targeted prevention, and personalized medicine in EC.
From Night Lights to Wildfire Risk: Uncovering Human Exposure in a Mediterranean Hotspot
Authors: Turco Marco , Torres-Vázquez Miguel Ángel , Vaglie Matteo Dalle , Kettridge Nicholas , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo , Provenzale Antonello , Royé Dominic , Randelli Filippo , Martellozzo Federico
Published: February 2025

This study examines the evolution of human exposure to wildfires in Catalonia, Spain, over the period 1992–2021, by integrating geospatial data on fire perimeters, population, satellite-derived nighttime light (NTL) imagery, and settlement records. Although the burned area shows a slight statistically non-significant decrease (-0.43 km²/year), human exposure per unit of burned area has risen by 42% to 138%, depending on the buffer distance and dataset used. This alarming trend is mainly driven by rapid urban expansion and population redistribution, particularly in coastal regions, which highlights a growing intersection between human settlements and fire-prone areas. Our findings emphasize the critical role of urbanization in amplifying wildfire risks, underscoring the urgent need to integrate demographic dynamics into fire risk management strategies. By employing innovative proxies such as nighttime light data alongside high-resolution population and building density datasets, this study provides a comprehensive framework to assess wildfire exposure in rapidly urbanizing Mediterranean environments.
Evaluation of the genes CYP 85 A 2 , BZR1, and CAD1 in the attenuation of cadmium in seedlings of the species Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby (PARICÁ) under different concentrations of 24- epibrassinolide
Authors: Ribeiro Erick dos Santos , Neto Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira , Filho Ednaldo da Silva , Hamoy Igor Guerreiro , Brito Ana Ecídia de Araújo , de Araújo Dênmora Gomes , Nascimento Juliana Freitas do , de Figueiredo Evelyn Luane Pinheiro , Costa Dayane dos Santos , Barros Lilian Tatiana Costa , Amancio Vinícius Oliveira
Published: February 2025

The Amazonian species paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby) accumulates cadmium (Cd) primarily in the roots, but the lack of understanding of gene modulation in response to this metal and the phytohormonal mechanisms complicates its relevance in the rehabilitation of degraded areas. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the expression of the CYP85A2 and BZR1 genes, precursors of 24-EBL, in the production of chelating proteins by the CAD1 gene in seedlings of the Paricá species, under various concentrations of CdCl2 and 24-EBL. The experiment was conducted in a growth room at the Laboratory of Studies on Biodiversity of Higher Plants (EBPS) at the Federal Rural University of Amazon (UFRA), Belém-Pará Campus, following a completely randomized experimental design (CRD), in a 4x3 factorial scheme, totaling 60 experimental units with 4 treatments of CdCl2 (0, 50, 100, and 150 µM) and 3 doses of 24-epibrassinolide (0, 20, and 40 nM). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05), and the differences between treatments were analyzed using Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The biometric variables indicated a significant reduction in root length due to the harmful effect of CdCl2. Additionally, losses in Chl a, Chl b, and Chl a+b were observed due to the entry of Cd2+ into the leaf tissues. Despite this, the CYP85A2, BZR1, and CAD1 genes showed greater expression in the aerial part with varying doses of 24-EBL, while CAR and ACN were affected by increased CdCl2, indicating a genetic adjustment in the upper parts of the plants to cope with Cd toxicity and maintain biological functions.
Black Carbon Emissions Generally Underestimated in the Global South as Revealed by Globally Distributed Measurements
Authors: Ren Yuxuan , Oxford Christopher , Zhang Dandan , Liu Xuan , Zhu Haihui , Dillner Ann , White Warren , Chakrabarty Rajan , Hasheminassab Sina , Diner DJ , Roy Emmie Le , Kumar Joshin , Viteri Valerie , Song Keyao , Akoshile Clement , Amador-Muñoz Omar , Asfaw Araya , Chang Rachel , Francis Diana , Gahungu Paterne , Garland Rebecca , Grutter Michel , Kim Jhoon , Langerman Kristy , Lee Pei-Chen , Lestari Puji , Mayol-Bracero Olga , Naidoo Mogesh , Nelli Narendra , O'Neil Norman , Park Sang Seo , Salam Abdus , Sarangi Bighnaraj , Schechner Yoav , Schofield Robyn , Tripathi Sachchida , Windwer Eli , Wu Ming-Tsang , Zhang Qiang , Rudich Yinon , Brauer Michael , Martin Randall V
Published: February 2025

Characterization of black carbon (BC) on a fine scale across the world is essential for understanding its climate and health impacts. However, a paucity of BC mass measurements in different parts of the world and the coarse scale resolution of global models have inhibited evaluation of global BC emission inventories. Here, we apply a novel dataset of globally distributed BC mass measurements from the Surface Particulate Matter Network (SPARTAN) and complementary measurement networks to evaluate contemporary BC emission inventories. We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) in its high-performance configuration (GCHP) for high-resolution simulations to relate BC emissions to ambient concentrations for comparison with the measurements. Simulations using the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) emission inventory exhibit skill (r2 = 0.73) in representing variability in SPARTAN measurements across primarily developed regions with low BC concentrations but exhibit pronounced discrepancy (r2 = 0.00019) across regions with high BC concentrations in the Global South. The model underestimates BC at most Global South sites with a normalized mean bias of -38%. Alternative inventories (EDGAR, HTAP) yield similar results. These findings motivate renewed attention to the challenging task of characterizing BC emissions from developing regions.
Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy for the Evaluation of Atypical Chest Pain - Likely Non-Cardiac - in Type 2 Diabetic Individuals with Systemic Hypertension
Authors: Andrade Luis Jesuino de Oliveira , de Oliveira Gabriela Correia Matos , Andrade João Cláudio Nunes Carneiro , Oda Daniela , Xavier Isabela Pimenta , de Oliveira Luís Matos
Published: February 2025

Background: Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) is an essential diagnostic tool for evaluating coronary artery disease, particularly in high-risk populations such as hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM). Despite its clinical relevance, there remains a significant gap in understanding its optimal application and diagnostic accuracy in this subgroup, warranting further research to refine risk stratification and improve patient outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of myocardial ischemic abnormalities in hypertensive T2DM, patients presenting with atypical chest pain and either normal resting electrocardiogram (ECG) or ventricular repolarization disturbances, through MPS.
Methods: A total of 165 participants, comprising 50 men (30.3%) and 115 women (69.7%), with a mean age of 65.6 ± 6 years, underwent MPS using a 2-day protocol.
Results: The results revealed that 63.0% of patients exhibited normal perfusion scans, while 37% demonstrated findings consistent with myocardial ischemia. Additionally, a subset of the cohort underwent exercise stress testing (90.9%), which yielded positive results for ischemia in 33.3% of cases. The agreement between MPS and exercise ECG was analyzed, revealing a moderate correlation (Kappa = 0.52; P < 0.001).
Conclusion: These findings reinforce the clinical utility of MPS as a reliable diagnostic tool for detecting coronary artery disease in patients with T2DM and systemic hypertension who present with atypical chest pain, particularly in those with inconclusive findings on resting ECG.
Skin Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning Techniques: A Review
Authors: Murali Pampana , Mazumder Dilwar Hussain
Published: February 2025

Melanoma and other skin cancers offer serious health hazards, especially given the high fatality rates linked with late detection. Early identification is critical for improving patient outcomes; yet, present clinical approaches are often subjective and difficult, resulting in varied accuracy. This research investigates the application of deep learning (DL) for skin cancer diagnosis, with a focus on four convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures: AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet, and DenseNet. These models are tested for their ability to categorise skin lesions and differentiate between melanoma and non-melanoma instances using extensive image analysis. These designs provide a strong alternative to standard diagnostic approaches by harnessing CNNs' skills in feature extraction and pattern recognition.
The research emphasises a few major findings: ResNet and DenseNet surpass AlexNet and VGG16 in terms of classification accuracy and generalisability on a variety of datasets. However, substantial impediments continue to exist, including data imbalance, poor interpretability of model conclusions, and the difficulty of generalising across distinct patient populations. Addressing these constraints is critical to increasing the clinical value of CNN-based systems.
Future study should concentrate on incorporating multimodal data, such as clinical information and imaging data, to improve model robustness. Furthermore, establishing explainable AI (XAI) frameworks will be critical to improving confidence in AI-powered diagnostic tools. Despite these obstacles, deep learning provides a scalable and cost-effective method for early skin cancer diagnosis, which has the potential to drastically cut death rates and enhance treatment results.
Advanced Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Naratriptan Hydrochloride: A Path to Improved Migraine Treatment
Authors: Lade Swati
Published: February 2025

Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder affecting a significant portion of the global population. It is characterized by frequent neurobiological or neurovascular disturbance, including heightened excitability of the central nervous system. Addressing these challenges, this study focuses on developing nanostructured lipids carriers (NLC) for intranasal drug delivery of naratriptan, aiming to provide a rapid and targeted treatment for migraine.
The NLC was successfully formulated, characterized, and optimized using the Box Behnken Design (BBD). The optimized formulations underwent comprehensive characterization including assessments of % yield, encapsulation efficiency (%EE), particle size, Zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), surface morphology via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), crystallinity by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and thermal behavior using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), stability studies were conducted under varied conditions to evaluate formulation robustness. The optimized NLC formulation (NLCF2) demonstrated promising attributes with a % yield of 75.65±0.15, % EE of 68.16±1.06, particle size of 79.74±1.37, along with PDI of 0.315, and Zeta Potential of -32.50.
In-vivo pharmacodynamics studies using acetic acid-induced writhing and light/dark box models revealed significant efficacy of intranasal NLCs. Pharmacokinetic analysis, conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), demonstrated a 1.71-fold increase in drug concentration in the brain for the NLC formulation compared to the pure drug, underscoring enhanced bioavailability and brain targeting.
The successful design and development of intranasal NLCs for migraine treatment represent a novel and effective approach to drug delivery. By facilitating rapid and targeted delivery, these nanocarriers have the potential to minimize systemic side effects and significantly improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from migraines.
Effect of Panel Method Codes in Estimating the Time-Domain Responses of Floating Wind Turbines
Authors:   Hydraulics Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Türkiye, Ucar Muhammed ,   Civil Engineering Department, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42140, Konya, Türkiye, Hmedi Mohamad ,   Alcatel Submarine Networks Marine, 92150, Suresnes, France, Uzunoglu Emre ,   Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa,  1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal,   KONGSTEIN AS, 5257, Bergen, Norway, Oguz Elif ,   Hydraulics Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Türkiye,   METU Center for Wind Energy Research (ODTÜ RÜZGEM), 06800, Ankara, Türkiye
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of frequency-domain hydrodynamic outputs from several panel method codes on estimating time domain responses of floating wind turbines. The tools under examination are WAMIT and three open-source codes (HAMS, NEMOH, and BEMUse). The panel method codes deliver hydrodynamic coefficients and exciting forces in the frequency domain. The results serve as inputs to time-domain simulations, from which the coupled responses are calculated. Hence, the differences in frequency-domain inputs are reflected in the time-domain. Two platforms are employed: OC3-Hywind spar and OC4-DeepCWind semi-submersible. Discrepancies between hydrodynamic coefficients, excitation forces, and response amplitude operators are inspected. Then, the floaters’ time-domain responses are questioned in operational and extreme environmental conditions. The findings highlight limited reflection of frequency-domain differences on the platform motions in time-domain.
INVESTIGATION OF THE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF A FERROELECTRIC BARIUM TITANATE FILM OBTAINED BY MICROARC OXIDATION
Authors:   Penza State University, A. Pecherskaya Ekaterina , S. Chikhrina Ulyana ,   Penza State University, V. Karpanin Oleg ,   Penza State University, E. Golubkov Pavel ,   Penza State University, A. Gurin Sergey ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. The object of research is a ferroelectric film of barium titanate, for which the authors proposed a method of microarc oxidation, previously widely used for the development of the surface of products made of metals and alloys of the light group. The subject of research is the parameters characterizing the quality of the obtained film, which also determine the possible directions of its use. In the presented study, the spectral composition and surface roughness are considered as such parameters. Materials and methods. The method of microarc oxidation was used to obtain a ferroelectric film of barium titanate. In this case, the titanium substrate was immersed in a galvanic cell filled with an electrolyte based on barium hydroxide. A Mitaka PF-60 laser contour profiler was used to measure roughness. Results. The results of measurements of surface roughness and spectral composition of barium titanate on two types of samples are presented: with a substrate pre-prepared in lactic acid and an untreated titanium substrate. Conclusions. The main parameters characterizing the roughness are determined: the arithmetic mean deviation of the profile, the height of the irregularities at ten points, the maximum height of the irregularities and others. The surface roughness of barium titanate depends on the method of its preparation and processing. A comparative analysis of the presented experimental results was performed, which confirmed an increase in hardness and a decrease in the roughness of coatings for substrates that were subjected to preliminary etching.