bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of microparticles released during murine systemic inflammation on macrophage activity and reactive nitrogen species regulation
Authors: Ortmann Weronika , Such Anna , Kolaczkowska Elzbieta
Published: November 2023

Microparticles (MPs) packaged with numerous bioactive molecules are essential vehicles in cellular communication in various pathological conditions, including systemic inflammation, Whereas MPs are studied mostly upon isolation, their detection in vivo is limited. Impact of MPs might depend on target cell type and cargo they carry; thus herein, we aimed at verifying MPs’ impact on macrophages. Unlike neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages are rather inactive during sepsis, and we hypothesized this might be at least partially controlled by MPs. For the above reasons, we focused on the detection of MPs with intravital microscopy (IVM) and report the presence of putative neutrophil-derived MPs in the vasculature of cremaster muscle of endotoxemic mice. Subsequently, we characterized MPs isolated not only from their blood but also from the peritoneal cavity and observed differences in their size, concentration, and cargo. Such MPs were then used to study their impact on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line performance (cell viability/activity, cytokines, oxygen, and nitrogen reactive species). Addition of MPs to macrophages with or without co-stimulation with lipopolysaccharide did not affect respiratory burst, somewhat decreased mitochondrial activity but increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and NO production especially in case of plasma-derived MPs. The latter MPs carried more iNOS-controlling ceruloplasmin than those discharged into the peritoneal cavity. We conclude that MPs can be detected in vivo with IVM and their cellular origin identified. They are heterogeneous in nature depending on the site of their release. Consequently, microparticles released during systemic inflammation to various body compartments differentially affect macrophages.
Trademarks in the Age of Automated Commerce: Consumer Choice and Autonomy
Authors: Sevastianova Vera N.
Published: November 2023

In the age of automated commerce, powered by artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) tools, the role of trademarks in shopping may be diminishing. For instance, the Alexa voice assistant will announce only a couple of purchase options under specific trademarks, concealing the plenitude of other products on its interface. Another example is that Amazon will pursue the shipping-then-shopping scenario, with trademarks being perceived by consumers only upon delivery. Moreover, it has been predicted that, in some cases, the new AI/ML tools will search for products irrespective of trademarks and will do so faster than any human being. Under those circumstances, consumer search costs will be lower, not because of trademarks but because of the new shopping architecture based on those tools. While lowering consumer search costs has traditionally been the role of trademarks, the availability of other tools for the same purpose may be a positive development. However, another trend is that the new AI/ML tools are constantly taking part in consumer decision-making, possibly reducing consumers’ freedom of choice and personal autonomy. In attempting to tackle this issue, it is worth approaching trademarks from the perspective of choice and autonomy. Seen from this angle, it may be possible to learn specific lessons from European Union (EU) trademark law that will assist in reshaping the automated – and autonomous – shopping architecture for the benefit of consumer well-being. In this exercise, close attention will be paid to the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, with its discourse on product alternatives, while due regard will be shown to the new legislation on the platform economy in the EU. In the end, this paper will demonstrate that trademarks are valuable not only because they help reduce search costs but also because they promote alternatives and, thus, improve consumers’ general autonomy.
Early Interplay of Smell and Sight in Human Development: Insights for Early Intervention With High-Risk Infants
Authors: Purpura Giulia , Petri Stefania
Published: November 2023

Purpose of Review

In this narrative review, the early interplay between olfaction and vision is analysed, highlighting clinical effects of its manipulation in typical subjects and in presence of visual disorders. In addition, new methods of early intervention, based on this multisensory interaction, and their applications on different infant populations at risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities are discussed.

Recent Findings

Multisensory processes permit combinations of several inputs, coming from different sensory systems, playing a key role in human neurodevelopment, and permitting an adequate and efficient interaction with the environment. In particular, during the early stages of life, the olfactory and the visual systems appear to interact to facilitate the adaptation and the mutual bond with the caregiver and to mediate the development of social attention of the infant, although, at birth, the olfactory system is much more mature than the visual system.

Although the results from this line of research are promising, mechanisms at the basis of this interlink between sight and smell are unclear, so more work needs to be done before concluding that a multisensory approach, based on visual and olfactory stimulations, is applicable in clinical practice.
Croizat’s form-making, RNA networks, and biogeography
Authors: Mahlfeld Karin , Parenti Lynne R.
Published: November 2023

Advances in technology have increased our knowledge of the processes that effect genomic changes and of the roles of RNA networks in biocommunication, functionality, and evolution of genomes. Natural genetic engineering and genomic inscription occur at all levels of life: cell cycles, development, and evolution. This has implications for phylogenetic studies and for biogeography, particularly given the general acceptance of using molecular clocks as arbiters between vicariance and dispersal explanations in biogeography. Léon Croizat’s development of panbiogeography and his explanation for the distribution patterns of organisms are based on concepts of dispersal, differential form-making, and ancestor that differ from concepts of descent used broadly in phylogenetic and biogeographic studies. Croizat’s differential form-making is consistent with the extensive roles ascribed to RNAs in development and evolution and recent discoveries of genome studies. Evolutionary-developmental biology (evo-devo), including epigenetics, and the role of RNAs should be incorporated into biogeography.
Recent trends in synthesis of 2D MXene-based materials for sustainable environmental applications
Authors: Verma Ritesh , Sharma Ankush , Dutta Vishal , Chauhan Ankush , Pathak Dinesh , Ghotekar Suresh
Published: November 2023

The unique properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials have piqued the interest of the technical community. Titanium carbide (MXene) is a member of a rapidly expanding family of 2D materials with exceptional physiochemical characteristics and a wide range of uses in the environmental field. 2D MXene has long been a topic of interest in environmental applications, including wastewater treatment, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, photocatalysis, and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) due to its high conductivity, varied band gap, hydrophilic nature, and exceptional structural stability. This study covers important developments in 2D MXene and discusses how design, synthetic methods, and stability have changed over time. In this review paper, we have discussed the strategy synthesizing of conventional, affordable heterojunctions and Schottky junctions, as well as the development, mechanisms, and trends in the deterioration of environmental organic contaminants, HER, and EMI Shielding. We also explore the obstacles and restrictions that prevent the scientific community from producing practical MXene with regulated characteristics and structures for environmental applications and analyzing its present usage. The hazardous-environmental aspects of MXene-based materials and the problems and future possibilities of these applications are also examined and emphasized. This review paper focused on environmental applications such as heavy metal detection and removal, EMI shielding, and hydrogen generation using MXenes. The issues related to wastewater, electromagnetic interference, and clean energy production are very persistent in the environment, and a better material is required to address these challenges. Thus, MXene is a kind of material that could be a better alternative to address these persistent issues, and hence, this review becomes very important, which can pave the way for the development of MXene-based materials to address these issues.

Graphical abstract
Incorporation of N-doped biochar into zero-valent iron for efficient reductive degradation of neonicotinoids: mechanism and performance
Authors: Li Xiangying , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhang Peng , Wang Xinhua , Sun Hongwen , Lu Yongyue , Jiao Le , Liu Chenglan
Published: November 2023

The extensive use of neonicotinoids on food crops for pest management has resulted in substantial environmental contamination. It is imperative to develop an effective remediation material and technique as well as to determine the evolution pathways of products. Here, novel ball-milled nitrogen-doped biochar (NBC)-modified zero-valent iron (ZVI) composites (named MNBC-ZVI) were fabricated and applied to degrading neonicotinoids. Based on the characterization results, NBC incorporation introduced N-doped sites and new allying heterojunctions and achieved surface charge redistribution, rapid electron transfer, and higher hydrophobicity of ZVI particles. As a result, the interaction between ZVI particles and thiamethoxam (a typical neonicotinoid) was improved, and the adsorption–desorption and reductive degradation of thiamethoxam and ·H generation steps were optimized. MNBC-ZVI could rapidly degrade 100% of 10 mg·L−1 thiamethoxam within 360 min, its reduction rate constant was 12.1-fold greater than that of pristine ZVI, and the electron efficiency increased from 29.7% to 57.8%. This improved reactivity and selectivity resulted from increased electron transfer, enhanced hydrophobicity, and reduced accumulation of iron mud. Moreover, the degradation of neonicotinoids occurred mainly via nitrate reduction and dichlorination, and toxicity tests with degradation intermediates revealed that neonicotinoids undergo rapid detoxification. Remarkably, MNBC-ZVI also presented favorable tolerance to various anions, humic acid, wastewater and contaminated soil, as well as high reusability. This work offers an efficient and economic biochar-ZVI remediation technology for the rapid degradation and detoxification of neonicotinoids, significantly contributes to knowledge on the relevant removal mechanism and further advances the synthesis of highly reactive and environmentally friendly materials.

Graphical Abstract
Indian Englishes in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Leuckert Sven , Lange Claudia , Bernaisch Tobias , Yurchenko Asya
Published: November 2023

English fulfils important intra- and international functions in 21st century India. However, the country's size in terms of area, population, and linguistic diversity means that completely uniform developments in Indian English (IndE) are unlikely. Using sophisticated corpus-linguistic and statistical methods, this Element explores the unity and diversity of IndE by providing studies of selected lexical and morphosyntactic features that characterise Indian English(es) in the 21st century. The findings indicate a degree of incipient 'supralocalisation', i.e. a spread of features beyond their place of origin, cutting through the typological Indo-Aryan vs. Dravidian divide.
Genocide: Theories of Participation and Opportunities for Intervention
Authors: Luft Aliza
Published: November 2023

This essay evaluates the current United Nations approach to preventing and punishing genocide by considering micro-level research on behavioral variation in genocide and proposing two ideas for intervention. The first idea extends the theory that economic inequality explains people’s decisions to kill or not kill in genocide and suggests specific economic remedies to intervene in ongoing violence. The second idea extends the theory that local authorities shape civilians’ decision making about violence and suggests specific ways to bolster moderate meso-level authorities to mitigate violence. The essay concludes by considering how social science research and theory can practically impact international law concerning genocide.
Toward a Sociology of International Law: John Hagan and Beyond
Authors: Meierhenrich Jens
Published: November 2023

Socio-legal scholars these days devote themselves routinely to the study of international law. It was not always thus. In the late twentieth century, no more than a handful of law-and-society scholars asked themselves how international law worked. Even fewer ventured into the field. John Hagan was one of those who did and the first sociologist to study empirically—and rigorously—what we now call international criminal law. In this article, I use Hagan’s oeuvre to reflect on the intellectual history of international legal scholarship in the twenty-first century. I argue that Hagan brought three things to the study of international law: criminology, methodology, and ideology. I trace each of these contributions in detail, assess their intellectual import, and relate them to alternative ways of seeing international law. The story I tell is of a pioneering scholar who charted an empirical path toward the sociology of international law, but whose moral compass—acquired during his socialization in the Vietnam era—also occasionally blinded him to the dark sides of virtue.
Streets, Suites, and States: John Hagan’s Contributions to the Study of Law, Power, and Inequality
Authors: Levi Ron , Burch Traci , Nelson Robert L.
Published: November 2023

We start this special issue with two perspectives. First, that the sociological study of crime and law often intersects with the study of inequality, power, the state, and life chances. Second, that the study of crime and law are deeply interconnected—institutionally, politically, and culturally. Legal institutions build on normative ideas, organizations, careers, and power to govern, to criminalize, and to punish (and, conversely, to ignore or absolve), and everyday understandings of crime are deeply tied to cultural understandings of legality, perceptions of justice and injustice, and hopes for everyday life. Law and crime are thus dynamically tied to social aspirations, fears, and divisions, and are political and social contests over what unites and what divides societies.
Tumor heterogeneity and immune-evasive T follicular cell lymphoma phenotypes at single-cell resolution
Authors: Suma Sakurako , Suehara Yasuhito , Fujisawa Manabu , Abe Yoshiaki , Hattori Keiichiro , Makishima Kenichi , Sakamoto Tatsuhiro , Sawa Aya , Bando Hiroko , Kaji Daisuke , Sugio Takeshi , Kato Koji , Akashi Koichi , Matsue Kosei , Carreras Joaquim , Nakamura Naoya , Suzuki Ayako , Suzuki Yutaka , Ito Ken , Shiiba Hiroyuki , Chiba Shigeru , Sakata-Yanagimoto Mamiko
Published: November 2023

T follicular helper (TFH) cell lymphomas (TFHLs) are characterized by TFH-like properties and accompanied by substantial immune-cell infiltration into tumor tissues. Nevertheless, the comprehensive understanding of tumor-cell heterogeneity and immune profiles of TFHL remains elusive. To address this, we conducted single-cell transcriptomic analysis on 9 lymph node (LN) and 16 peripheral blood (PB) samples from TFHL patients. Tumor cells were divided into 5 distinct subclusters, with significant heterogeneity observed in the expression levels of TFH markers. Copy number variation (CNV) and trajectory analyses indicated that the accumulation of CNVs, together with gene mutations, may drive the clonal evolution of tumor cells towards TFH-like and cell proliferation phenotypes. Additionally, we identified a novel tumor-cell-specific marker, PLS3. Notably, we found a significant increase in exhausted CD8+ T cells with oligoclonal expansion in TFHL LNs and PB, along with distinctive immune evasion characteristics exhibited by infiltrating regulatory T, myeloid, B, and natural killer cells. Finally, in-silico and spatial cell-cell interaction analyses revealed complex networking between tumor and immune cells, driving the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. These findings highlight the remarkable tumor-cell heterogeneity and immunoevasion in TFHL beyond previous expectations, suggesting potential roles in treatment resistance.
Perovskite single-pixel detector for dual-color metasurface imaging recognition in complex environment
Authors: Xiong Jiahao , Zhang Zhi-Hong , Li Zile , Zheng Peixia , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Xuan , Gao Zihan , Wei Zhipeng , Zheng Guoxing , Wang Shuang-Peng , Liu Hong-Chao
Published: November 2023

Highly efficient multi-dimensional data storage and extraction are two primary ends for the design and fabrication of emerging optical materials. Although metasurfaces show great potential in information storage due to their modulation for different degrees of freedom of light, a compact and efficient detector for relevant multi-dimensional data retrieval is still a challenge, especially in complex environments. Here, we demonstrate a multi-dimensional image storage and retrieval process by using a dual-color metasurface and a double-layer integrated perovskite single-pixel detector (DIP-SPD). Benefitting from the photoelectric response characteristics of the FAPbBr2.4I0.6 and FAPbI3 films and their stacked structure, our filter-free DIP-SPD can accurately reconstruct different colorful images stored in a metasurface within a single-round measurement, even in complex environments with scattering media or strong background noise. Our work not only provides a compact, filter-free, and noise-robust detector for colorful image extraction in a metasurface, but also paves the way for color imaging application of perovskite-like bandgap tunable materials.
Vertical serpentine interconnect-enabled stretchable and curved electronics
Authors: Jiao Rui , Wang Ruoqin , Wang Yixin , Cheung Yik Kin , Chen Xingru , Wang Xiaoyi , Deng Yang , Yu Hongyu
Published: November 2023

Stretchable and curved electronic devices are a promising technology trend due to their remarkable advantages. Many approaches have been developed to manufacture stretchable and curved electronics. Here, to allow such electronics to better serve practical applications, ranging from wearable devices to soft robotics, we propose a novel vertical serpentine conductor (VSC) with superior electrical stability to interconnect functional devices through a silicon-based microfabrication process. Conformal vacuum transfer printing (CVTP) technology was developed to transfer the networked platform onto complex curved surfaces to demonstrate feasibility. The mechanical and electrical performance were investigated numerically and experimentally. The VSC interconnected network provides a new approach for stretchable and curved electronics with high stretchability and reliability.
Knockdown of TACC3 inhibits tumor cell proliferation and increases chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Shi Saimeng , Guo Duancheng , Ye Longyun , Li Tianjiao , Fei Qinglin , Lin Mengxiong , Yu Xianjun , Jin Kaizhou , Wu Weiding
Published: November 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant digestive tract tumor with limited clinical treatments. Transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (TACC3) is a component of the centrosome axis and a member of the TACC family, which affect mitosis and regulate chromosome stability and are involved in tumor development and progression. However, the role of TACC3 in PDAC remains elusive. In this study, by exploiting the TCGA database, we found that high TACC3 expression in PDAC is associated with poor prognosis. shRNA-mediated TACC3 knockdown caused S phase arrest of the cell cycle and inhibited proliferation in PDAC cell lines. Through RNA sequencing and protein co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry, KIF11 was identified as a protein that interacts with TACC3. TACC3 stabilizes and regulates KIF11 protein expression levels in PDAC cells through physical interaction. Knockdown of TACC3 or KIF11 resulted in abnormal spindle formation during cell division both in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of TACC3 or KIF11 can suppress tumor cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. Our studies further demonstrated that high expression of TACC3 and KIF11 mediated the resistance of PDAC to gemcitabine, and deficiency of TACC3 or KIF11 increased the sensitivity of PDAC cells to chemotherapy. In conclusion, our study reveals the fundamental role of TACC3 expression in PDAC cell proliferation and chemoresistance, suggesting that TACC3 can be used as a molecular marker to evaluate the prognosis of PDAC.
A papain-like cysteine protease-released small signal peptide confers wheat resistance to wheat yellow mosaic virus
Authors: Liu Peng , Shi Chaonan , Liu Shuang , Lei Jiajia , Lu Qisen , Hu Haichao , Ren Yan , Zhang Ning , Sun Congwei , Chen Lu , Jiang Yaoyao , Feng Lixiao , Zhang Tianye , Zhong Kaili , Liu Jiaqian , Zhang Juan , Zhang Zhuo , Sun Bingjian , Chen Jianping , Tang Yimiao , Chen Feng , Yang Jian
Published: November 2023

Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), a soil-borne pathogen, poses a serious threat to global wheat production. Here, we identify a WYMV resistance gene, TaRD21A, that belongs to the papain-like cysteine protease family. Through genetic manipulation of TaRD21A expression, we establish its positive role in the regulation of wheat to WYMV resistance. Furthermore, our investigation shows that the TaRD21A-mediated plant antiviral response relies on the release of a small peptide catalyzed by TaRD21A protease activity. To counteract wheat resistance, WYMV-encoded nuclear inclusion protease-a (NIa) suppress TaRD21A activity to promote virus infection. In resistant cultivars, a natural variant of TaRD21A features a alanine to serine substitution and this substitution enables the phosphorylation of Serine, thereby weakening the interaction between NIa and TaRD21A, reinforcing wheat resistance against WYMV. Our study not only unveils a WYMV resistance gene but also offers insights into the intricate mechanisms underpinning resistance against WYMV.
Power laws in species’ biotic interaction networks can be inferred from co-occurrence data
Authors: Galiana Nuria , Arnoldi Jean-François , Mestre Frederico , Rozenfeld Alejandro , Araújo Miguel B.
Published: November 2023

Inferring biotic interactions from species co-occurrence patterns has long intrigued ecologists. Yet recent research revealed that co-occurrences may not reliably represent pairwise biotic interactions. We propose that examining network-level co-occurrence patterns can provide valuable insights into community structure and assembly. Analysing ten bipartite networks of empirically sampled biotic interactions and associated species spatial distribution, we find that approximately 20% of co-occurrences correspond to actual interactions. Moreover, the degree distribution shifts from exponential in co-occurrence networks to power laws in networks of biotic interactions. This shift results from a strong interplay between species’ biotic (their interacting partners) and abiotic (their environmental requirements) niches, and is accurately predicted by considering co-occurrence frequencies. Our work offers a mechanistic understanding of the assembly of ecological communities and suggests simple ways to infer fundamental biotic interaction network characteristics from co-occurrence data.
Heart rhythm complexity analysis in patients with inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Tang Shu-Yu , Ma Hsi-Pin , Lin Chen , Lo Men-Tzung , Lin Lian-Yu , Chen Tsung-Yan , Wu Cho-Kai , Chiang Jiun-Yang , Lee Jen-Kuang , Hung Chi-Sheng , Liu Li-Yu Daisy , Chiu Yu-Wei , Tsai Cheng-Hsuan , Lin Yen-Tin , Peng Chung-Kang , Lin Yen-Hung
Published: November 2023

Heart rhythm complexity (HRC), a subtype of heart rate variability (HRV), is an important tool to investigate cardiovascular disease. In this study, we aimed to analyze serial changes in HRV and HRC metrics in patients with inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) within 1 year postinfarct and explore the association between HRC and postinfarct left ventricular (LV) systolic impairment. We prospectively enrolled 33 inferior STEMI patients and 74 control subjects and analyzed traditional linear HRV and HRC metrics in both groups, including detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and multiscale entropy (MSE). We also analyzed follow-up postinfarct echocardiography for 1 year. The STEMI group had significantly lower standard deviation of RR interval (SDNN), and DFAα2 within 7 days postinfarct (acute stage) comparing to control subjects. LF power was consistently higher in STEMI group during follow up. The MSE scale 5 was higher at acute stage comparing to control subjects and had a trend of decrease during 1-year postinfarct. The MSE area under scale 1–5 showed persistently lower than control subjects and progressively decreased during 1-year postinfarct. To predict long-term postinfarct LV systolic impairment, the slope between MSE scale 1 to 5 (slope 1–5) had the best predictive value. MSE slope 1–5 also increased the predictive ability of the linear HRV metrics in both the net reclassification index and integrated discrimination index models. In conclusion, HRC and LV contractility decreased 1 year postinfarct in inferior STEMI patients, and MSE slope 1–5 was a good predictor of postinfarct LV systolic impairment.
Anopheles gambiae on remote islands in the Indian Ocean: origins and prospects for malaria elimination by genetic modification of extant populations
Authors: Ditter Robert E. , Campos Melina , Crepeau Marc W. , Pinto João , Toilibou Ali , Amina Yssouf , Tantely Luciano Michaël , Girod Romain , Lee Yoosook , Cornel Anthony J. , Lanzaro Gregory C.
Published: November 2023

The mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. is a primary malaria vector throughout sub-Saharan Africa including the islands of the Comoros archipelago (Anjouan, Grande Comore, Mayotte and Mohéli). These islands are located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in eastern Africa. Previous studies have shown a relatively high degree of genetic isolation between the Comoros islands and mainland populations of A. gambiae, but the origin of the island populations remains unclear. Here, we analyzed phylogenetic relationships among island and mainland populations using complete mitochondrial genome sequences of individual A. gambiae specimens. This work augments earlier studies based on analysis of the nuclear genome. We investigated the source population of A. gambiae for each island, estimated the number of introductions, when they occurred and explored evidence for contemporary gene flow between island and mainland populations. These studies are relevant to understanding historical patterns in the dispersal of this important malaria vector and provide information critical to assessing their potential for the exploration of genetic-based vector control methods to eliminate this disease. Phylogenetic analysis and haplotype networks were constructed from mitogenome sequences of 258 A. gambiae from the four islands. In addition, 112 individuals from seven countries across sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar were included to identify potential source populations. Our results suggest that introduction events of A. gambiae into the Comoros archipelago were rare and recent events and support earlier claims that gene flow between the mainland and these islands is limited. This study is concordant with earlier work suggesting the suitability of these oceanic islands as appropriate sites for conducting field trial releases of genetically engineered mosquitoes (GEMs).
Salvia officinalis restores semen quality and testicular functionality in cadmium-intoxicated male rats
Authors: Basal Wesam T. , Issa Aliaa M. , Abdelalem Omnia , Omar Amel R.
Published: November 2023

The present study investigated the potential ability of Salvia officinalis, one of the oldest medicinal plants, to protect male rats against cadmium reproductive toxicity. Twenty-eight healthy male rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 7); control, Salvia-extract treated group, cadmium treated group and a group treated with both Cd and Salvia. Administration of cadmium reduced the relative testis to body weight and significantly affected sperm parameters by decreasing motility, viability, count and increasing morphological aberrations. Comet assay was used to detect DNA fragmentation in sperms of the rats exposed to Cd. Serum levels of testosterone T, follicle stimulating hormone FSH, and luteinizing hormone LH were significantly decreased. The biochemical analysis of testicular tissue showed a significant rise in Malondialdehyde MDA level coupled with a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase SOD, glutathione peroxidase GPx and catalase CAT). The histological examination of testis sections after Cd administration revealed severe degeneration of spermatogenic cells. Seminiferous tubules were filled with homogenous eosinophilic fluid associated with atrophy of other seminiferous tubules. Co-treatment with the Salvia officinalis extract restored the oxidative enzymes activities and decreased the formation of lipid peroxidation byproduct, which in turn ameliorated the effect of Cd on sperm parameters, DNA damage and testis histopathology. Taken together, it can be concluded that the synergistic antioxidant and radical savaging activities of Salvia officinalis prevented the effect of Cd on semen quality, sperm DNA damage, along with the oxidative stress and histological abnormalities in the testis tissues.
Azarshahr travertine compression strength prediction based on point-load index (Is) data using multilayer perceptron
Authors: Mao Yimin , Licai Zhu , Feng Li , Nanehkaran Yaser A. , Zhang Maosheng
Published: November 2023

Azarshahr County in the northwest of Iran is predominantly covered by Azarshahr travertine, a prevailing sedimentary rock. This geological composition has led to extensive open-pit mining activities, particularly in the western and southwestern parts of the county. The rock's drillability and resistance to excavation play a pivotal role in determining its overall durability and hardness, crucial factors that influence the mining process. These attributes are intimately tied to the compressive strength of the rock. Accurate assessment of rock strength is vital for devising reliable excavation methodologies at mining sites. However, conventional approaches for analyzing rock strength have limitations that undermine the precision of strength estimations. In response, this study endeavors to leverage artificial intelligence techniques, specifically the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), to enhance the prediction of travertine's compressive strength. To formulate a robust model, a comprehensive database containing data from 150 point-load index (Is) tests on Azarshahr travertine was compiled. This dataset serves as the foundation for the development of the MLP-based predictive model, which proves instrumental in projecting rock compressive strength. The model's accuracy and efficacy were rigorously assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, employing both training and testing datasets. The modeling outcomes reveal impressive results. The estimated R-squared coefficient attained an impressive value of 0.975 for axial strength and 0.975 for diametral strength. The overall accuracy, as indicated by the Area Under the Curve (AUC) metric, stands at an impressive 0.968. These exceptional performance metrics underscore the efficacy of the MLP model in accurately predicting compressive strength based on the point-load index of samples. The implications of this study are substantial. The predictive model, empowered by the MLP approach, has profound implications for excavation planning and drillability assessment within the studied region's travertine deposits. By facilitating accurate forecasts of rock strength, this model equips mining endeavors with valuable insights for effective planning and execution.
Association between physical activity and the prevalence of tumorigenic bacteria in the gut microbiota of Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Iwasaka Chiharu , Ninomiya Yuka , Nakagata Takashi , Nanri Hinako , Watanabe Daiki , Ohno Harumi , Tanisawa Kumpei , Konishi Kana , Murakami Haruka , Tsunematsu Yuta , Sato Michio , Watanabe Kenji , Miyachi Motohiko
Published: November 2023

Escherichia coli harboring polyketide synthase (pks+E. coli) has been suggested to contribute to colorectal cancer development. Physical activity is strongly associated with lower colorectal cancer risks, but its effects on pks+E. coli remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between pks+E. coli prevalence and physical activity. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 222 Japanese adults (27–79-years-old, 73.9% female). Triaxial accelerometers were used to measure light-intensity physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, the physical activity level, step-count, and time spent inactive. Fecal samples collected from participants were used to determine the prevalence of pks+E. coli. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline curves were used to examine the association between pks+E. coli prevalence and physical activity. The prevalence of pks+E. coli was 26.6% (59/222 participants). The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest tertile with reference to the lowest tertile of physical activity variables were as follows: light-intensity physical activity (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.26–1.5), moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.39–1.87), physical activity level (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.32–1.51), step-count (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.42–2.00) and time spent inactive (OR 1.30; 95% CI 0.58–2.93). No significant dose–response relationship was found between all physical activity variables and pks+E. coli prevalence. Our findings did not suggest that physical activity has beneficial effects on the prevalence of pks+E. coli. Longitudinal studies targeting a large population are needed to clarify this association.
Examination of psycho-motor development of children who were 6–36 months in the COVID-19 stay-at-home period
Authors: Kılıç Mahmut , Koçak Şeyda
Published: November 2023

This study aims to examine the pandemic's effect on the psycho-motor development of children aged 6–36 months during the Covid 19 pandemic period and now aged 2–5 years. This study was cross-sectional and children (n = 150) aged 2–5 years were included in the study. Data were collected using the Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory (ADSI) in 2022. The proportion of children included in the study who have general development, language-cognitive, fine motor, gross motor, and social skill-self-care development levels at a delay-suspiciously were 25.4%, 18.0%, 58.7%, 22.0%, and 25.3%, respectively. Children's overall development and specific areas of development are more positively affected by the younger age of the child. Additionally, shorter pregnancies, earlier pregnancies, and father involvement in childcare all have positive effects on child development. During the pandemic period, the fact that older children stay at home has further negatively affected their development. Fine motor development was most negatively affected.
Genomic analysis of Plasmodium vivax describes patterns of connectivity and putative drivers of adaptation in Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Alebachew Messele , Sutanto Edwin , Trimarsanto Hidayat , Benavente Ernest Diez , Barnes Mariana , Pearson Richard D. , Siegel Sasha V. , Erko Berhanu , Assefa Ashenafi , Getachew Sisay , Aseffa Abraham , Petros Beyene , Lo Eugenia , Mohammed Rezika , Yilma Daniel , Rumaseb Angela , Nosten Francois , Noviyanti Rintis , Rayner Julian C. , Kwiatkowski Dominic P. , Price Ric N. , Golassa Lemu , Auburn Sarah
Published: November 2023

Ethiopia has the greatest burden of Plasmodium vivax in Africa, but little is known about the epidemiological landscape of parasites across the country. We analysed the genomic diversity of 137 P. vivax isolates collected nine Ethiopian districts from 2012 to 2016. Signatures of selection were detected by cross-country comparisons with isolates from Thailand (n = 104) and Indonesia (n = 111), representing regions with low and high chloroquine resistance respectively. 26% (35/137) of Ethiopian infections were polyclonal, and 48.5% (17/35) of these comprised highly related clones (within-host identity-by-descent > 25%), indicating frequent co-transmission and superinfection. Parasite gene flow between districts could not be explained entirely by geographic distance, with economic and cultural factors hypothesised to have an impact on connectivity. Amplification of the duffy binding protein gene (pvdbp1) was prevalent across all districts (16–75%). Cross-population haplotype homozygosity revealed positive selection in a region proximal to the putative chloroquine resistance transporter gene (pvcrt-o). An S25P variant in amino acid transporter 1 (pvaat1), whose homologue has recently been implicated in P. falciparum chloroquine resistance evolution, was prevalent in Ethiopia (96%) but not Thailand or Indonesia (35–53%). The genomic architecture in Ethiopia highlights circulating variants of potential public health concern in an endemic setting with evidence of stable transmission.
The effect of free school fruit on academic performance: a nationwide quasi-experiment
Authors: Halkjelsvik Torleif , Bere Elling
Published: November 2023

In past research, higher intake of fruit has been associated with better academic achievement. In Norway, the government required lower secondary schools to provide fruit to their pupils from 2007 to 2014. The present study assessed whether this policy improved academic performance. In addition to secondary schools, the policy covered schools with combined elementary and lower secondary education, but not ordinary elementary schools. This differentiation, in combination with administrative data on test scores before, during, and after the law was enforced, created a nationwide quasi-experiment. Population register data on parents’ sociodemographic characteristics allowed for targeted analyses on a subsample of boys with low sociodemographic status. In analyses of 5th grade tests, the free fruit policy coincided with a slight decline in test scores among eligible compared to non-eligible pupils in the subsample (B = − 0.18, 95%CI[− 0.35, − 0.01]) and entire population (B = − 0.14, 95%CI[− 0.24, − 0.05]). Exploratory analyses of exam data in 10th grade yielded similar results, and sensitivity tests either failed to detect any effect or demonstrated a negative tendency. In a Western country with low levels of food insecurity, a policy that required schools to provide free fruit to pupils did not appear to improve academic performance.
Changes in natural killer and T lymphocyte phenotypes in response to cardiovascular risk management
Authors: Good Elin , Åkerman Linda , Nyström Sofia , Jonasson Lena , Ernerudh Jan , de Muinck Ebo
Published: November 2023

The pro-inflammatory and regulatory roles of T lymphocytes in atherosclerosis are well established but less is known about natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT)-like cells. The effects of cardiovascular risk management on the phenotypes of these cells are unknown. To assess changes in NK cell and lymphocyte phenotypes and circulating inflammatory proteins in response to cardiovascular risk management in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Fifty patients were included in a prospective clinical study. Measurements were at baseline and after 12 months of cardiovascular risk management. Circulating NK, NKT-like and T lymphocyte subpopulations were phenotyped by multi-colour flow cytometry. Proximity extension assay was performed for 176 plasma proteins associated with inflammation and cardiovascular disease. At 12 months there were significant reductions in LDL (P = 0.001) and blood pressure (P = 0.028). NK cells responded with a reduction in pro-inflammatory (NKG2C+) cells (P = 0.0003), an increase in anti-inflammatory (NKG2A+) cells (P = 0.032), and a reduction in terminally differentiated (CD57+) NK cells. NKT-like cells showed a similar decrease in terminally differentiated subpopulations (P = 0.000002). Subpopulations of T helper cells exhibited a significant reduction in central memory (P = 1.09 × 10−8) and a significant increase in CD4+ naïve- (P = 0.0008) and effector memory T cells (P = 0.006). The protein analysis indicated that cardiovascular risk management affects proteins involved in the inflammatory NF-κB pathway. The consistent decrease in senescent phenotypes of NK, NKT-like and CD4+ cells with a concomitant increase in more naïve, phenotypes suggests a change towards a less pro-inflammatory lymphocyte profile in response to cardiovascular risk management.

Trial registry name: CARotid MRI of Atherosclerosis (CARMA). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04835571 (08/04/2021). https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04835571.
Highly directional and carrier density-independent plasmons in quasi-one-dimensional electron gas systems
Authors: Gao Han , Zhang Xuejin , Ding Chao , Ma Xikui , Wang Mingzheng , Li Yangyang , Zhao Mingwen
Published: November 2023

Recent advancements in developing metahyperbolic surfaces through substrate patterning have enabled the realization of highly-directional hyperbolic surface plasmons, but the feasibility of reproducing the same properties in natural hyperbolic two-dimensional (2D) materials is still unexplored. In this study, we expand the possibility of natural 2D materials in achieving electromagnetic scenarios akin to those observed in metahyperbolic surfaces. Natural hyperbolic 2D materials provide inherent advantages for simplicity, predictability, and lower losses compared to meta-surfaces. By employing first-principles calculations, we find that realistic 2D material, specifically the RuOCl2 monolayer, are suitable alternatives to metahyperbolic surfaces. Indeed, RuOCl2 monolayer sustains carrier-density-independent and broadband low-loss hyperbolic responses across the terahertz to ultraviolet spectral range, owning to the highly-anisotropic electronic band structures characterized by quasi-one-dimensional electron gas. These findings shed light on the integration of hyperbolicity in natural 2D materials, opening new avenues for the design and development of optoelectronic devices and nanoscale imaging systems.
Towards a global strategy for the conservation of deep-sea active hydrothermal vents
Authors: Menini Elisabetta , Calado Helena , Danovaro Roberto , Manea Elisabetta , Halpin Patrick N.
Published: November 2023

Deep-sea active hydrothermal vents are globally diverse, vulnerable, rare, remote, and isolated habitats, yet they face increasing threats from human activities, including deep-sea mining. To address the conservation challenges surrounding these habitats, we present a global assessment of the conservation status of deep-sea active vents. Our findings reveal that while 25% of the known deep active hydrothermal vents are currently under conservation interventions, only 8% benefit of full protection. These conservation interventions, consisting of area-based and regulation-based management measures, are implemented by 17 Sovereign States, three Regional Fisheries Management Organizations and one international treaty through 30 discrete interventions. However, our assessment and comparison of the specific measures for the 155 managed active hydrothermal vents reveal that the current conservation remain fragmented and discordant across jurisdictions and biogeographical provinces, resulting in overall insufficient protection, especially in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction. Seizing the current momentum for ocean conservation, it is crucial to harmonize the management and protection of active deep-sea vents worldwide, taking into account their global biogeographic context and spatial distribution. This requires aligning current international initiatives that could improve baseline policies for the global protection of deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
“Reactive Mineral Sink” drives soil organic matter dynamics and stabilization
Authors: Wu Songlin , Konhauser Kurt O. , Chen Baodong , Huang Longbin
Published: November 2023

Reactive primary and secondary minerals play a critical role in the transformation and stabilization of organic matter (OM) in soil, a critical aspect that has been largely overlooked in existing literature. In this regard, we propose a new model known as the “reactive mineral sink” (RMS) to illustrate three primary mechanisms through which these minerals drive the bioprocessing, transformation, transport and stabilization of OM in soil. Firstly, from a biological perspective, reactive minerals influence enzymatic and microbial OM processing through binding enzymatic proteins or influencing the structure of microbial communities. Secondly, from a chemical standpoint, these minerals have the capacity to adsorb OM and/or coprecipitate with it, leading to a more diverse distribution of OM in the soil. This distribution, in turn, triggers OM transformation through chemical catalysis and redox reactions. Thirdly, on a physical level, reactive minerals have a substantial impact on soil architecture, aggregate dynamics, porosity development, and hydrological processes. These physical changes then affect the transport, reprocessing and stabilization of OM. The RMS model provides a conceptual framework that underscores the fundamental role of reactive minerals in driving the dynamics of OM and carbon (C) sequestration in natural soil. Furthermore, it promotes the restoration of soil biogeochemical processes and ecological resilience. We advocate for the implementation of strategies based on the RMS model to enhance the sequestration of organic C in soils for the purposes of rejuvenating soil health and mitigating CO2 emission.
Microfluidics: a concise review of the history, principles, design, applications, and future outlook
Authors: Hajam Mohammad Irfan , Khan Mohammad Mohsin
Published: November 2023

This review offers a reliable platform for comprehending microfluidics, covering key concepts, historical advancements, technological evolution, materials, successful implementations, applications, market trends, and future prospects.
Correction: UV and VUV-induced fragmentation of tin-oxo cage ions
Authors: Haitjema Jarich , Wu Lianjia , Giuliani Alexandre , Nahon Laurent , Castellanos Sonia , Brouwer Albert M.
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘UV and VUV-induced fragmentation of tin-oxo cage ions’ by Jarich Haitjema et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, 23, 20909–20918, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP03148A.
Pyrene fluorescence in 2,7-di(4-phenylethynyl)pyrene-bridged bis(alkenylruthenium) complexes
Authors: Gogesch Franciska S. , Bauer Lea , Vollstädt Florian D. , Linseis Michael , Senft Laura , Ivanović-Burmazović Ivana , Winter Rainer F.
Published: November 2023

The large π-extended 2,7-di(1-vinyl-4-ethynylphenyl)pyrene-linker mutually insulates the terminally appended ruthenium moieties and electronically decouples them from the pyrene fluorophore, resulting in stable pyrene emission at 77 K.
Chemopreventive effects of α-tocopherol and its long-chain metabolites α-13′-hydroxy- and α-13′-carboxychromanol in LT97 colon adenoma cells
Authors: Schlörmann Wiebke , Liao Sijia , Dinc Tülin , Lorkowski Stefan , Wallert Maria , Glei Michael
Published: November 2023

Anticancer effects of α-tocopherol and long-chain metabolites in LT97 colon adenoma cells.