bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic staphylococcal osteomyelitis of the spine. Eletsky (Orth. and Traum., 1928, book 5-6)
Authors: Kiptenko N.
Published: February 2022

Chronic staphylococcal osteomyelitis of the spine, according to Eletsky, is a rare disease. It affects individuals who have undergone trauma of the spine and at the same time have a staphylococcal focus in the form of a furuncle, abscess, panarization, etc. I and II lumbar vertebrae are usually affected, with slight kyphosis or only flattened lumbar lordosis. The process starts from the periosteum and spreads from there to the vertebral body.
Malignant rubella. Carrieu, Lamy, and Bonchet (Presse med., 1928, No. 18)
Authors: Tarnopolsky I.
Published: February 2022

Contrary to the common view that rubella is completely safe, the authors describe one case of rubella with a fatal outcome and an epidemic of rubella in a village with a population under 1000 people, where out of 100 cases of rubella 2/3 were very easy, but 3 cases were fatal and the rest were accompanied by various degrees of pain.
To the pathogenesis and diagnosis of bronchiectasias in children. Duken (Zeit. f. Kinderheilk., Bd. 44, H 1/2, 1927)
Authors: Gasul M.
Published: February 2022

In an extensive paper, Duken reports on his clinical and experimental studies on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of bronchiectasis in childhood. The experimental part of his work is devoted to the study of bronchial smooth muscle function in guinea pigs and dogs, to which he injected iodipine into the bronchi, followed by X-ray imaging. Using the same technique the author studied the bronchial peristalsis; which is reported by some authors.
Bacteriotherapy of gonorrhea in girls. Ryabtseva and Poller (Ven. and Derm., 1928, No. 3)
Authors: Yasnitsky N.
Published: February 2022

An experience of this kind was made by Ryabtseva and Poller, who applied for therapeutic purposes the introduction of a tampon soaked in an emulsion of pure lactic acid culture into the vagina for 8-10 hours daily. The vagina was prewashed with 1% lactic acid solution. In 16 cases of gonorrhea in girls, the authors saw favorable results, manifested clinically by the cessation of separation, disappearance of inflammatory phenomena and bacteriologically by the disappearance of gonococci in smears and negative results of repeated cultures in all cases. The duration of treatment did not exceed 40 days.
Improvement of Giemsa paint. Lestoquard (Cpt. rend. Soc. Biol., t. 94, No. 19)
Authors: Blagoveshchensky N.
Published: February 2022

The author suggests a simple way of treating Giemsa paint to increase its coloring ability. This method consists in adding serum, drop by drop, with constant shaking, to the basic paint in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The resulting thin precipitate does not harm the color further. The optimal amount of serum added is equal to one tenth of the total amount of paint that is to be improved.
Does syphilis decrease and change its face? Prof. Chlenov (Ven. and Derm., 1928, No. 1)
Authors: Yasnitsky N.
Published: February 2022

An extensive article, which cannot be summarized succinctly, addresses the extremely interesting and important question of the decline of syphilis and changes in its clinical presentation. The author cites numerous references to statistics from Western European states and the USSR, which give complete reason to think that the incidence of fresh syphilis has declined sharply almost everywhere.
Cardiointervalography in predicting the state of premature babies in the early neonatal period
Authors: Cherezova I. N. , Logvinenko A. V.
Published: February 2022

The results of a prospective examination of 65 premature babies showed that the absence of disorders in the condition of a premature baby using the proposed analysis of cardiointervalograms can be predicted with an accuracy of up to 95%, and their presence - up to 97%. The accuracy of the differentiated determination of the severity of the condition of a premature newborn averaged 73%. The developed cardiointervalographic indicators have a much greater sensitivity than specificity, which is important in screening studies.
Therapeutic tactics in colonic diverticulosis complicated by bleeding
Authors: Sakhautdinov V. G. , Mehdiyev D. I. , Timerbulatov V. M.
Published: February 2022

Of the 526 patients with colonic diverticulosis, severe bleeding was observed in 80 (15.2%) people, mainly in the elderly. Emergency surgical interventions were required in 13.8% of patients. Surgical tactics are described depending on the prevalence of diverticulosis and the intensity of bleeding.
Syphilitic fever
Authors: Platovsky A. K.
Published: February 2022

In the present essay I will try to give a brief account of the extremely interesting question of syphilitic fever, which has not yet received its final resolution. The closest reason that has prompted me to present syphilitic infection as a febrile process is the observation by authorities in the field (Buschke, Fischer, Freund, etc.) that syphilis has recently been reported to occur frequently with febrile increases in t.
The complement fixation reaction. Chernokhvostov (Jour. Exp. Biol., 1927, No. 20)
Authors: Weinstein A.
Published: February 2022

Complement fixation both in specific reactions (toxin and antitoxin) and in nonspecific reactions (colloidal metal solutions), as well as in the Wassermann reaction, is due to the whole complement rather than its separate fraction. Specific in all these reactions is not the fixation of complement, but those processes that lead to the formation of physicochemical complexes (immunobiologically bound or not) capable of fixing (adsorbing) complement.
Infection of the uterine fetus with filtered tbc virus. Rabinowitsch-Kempner (Deut. m. W., 1927, No. 47)
Authors: Mastbaum M.
Published: February 2022

The tbc bacillus is known to have a filtered invisible form, which, according to Rabinowitsch-Kempner's experiments, passes through the placenta in pregnant animals (guinea pigs), becoming an acid-fast bacillus in the young generation. The virulence of this bacillus is apparently very low; it rarely causes progressive tbc in young animals.
On the technique of senile cataract extraction. Prof. Elseinig (Arch. f. Aug., Bd. 94)
Authors: Volzhensky E.
Published: February 2022

The author reports three auxiliary techniques in the extraction of senile cataracts, which he finds very valuable. In his clinic, retrobulbar anesthesia is now routinely used, even in normal cataract extraction.
Portes' method of caesarean section. Phaneuf (Surg., gynec. a. obst., v. 44)
Authors: Timofeev A.
Published: February 2022

The author describes the surgical technique and establishes the indications for the operation. The uterus is removed from the abdomen through a laparotomy incision, and the abdominal wound is immediately and carefully sutured. This is followed by emptying the uterus, which thus remains lying outside the abdominal cavity. After 1 to 2 months, when all infection has passed, a relaprotomy is performed and the uterus is inserted back into the abdominal cavity, or, as a last resort, amputated supravaginally.
Treatment of gonorrhea with malaria. Scherber (Wien. kl. Woch., 1927, No. 44)
Authors: Weinstein A.
Published: February 2022

The author tried malaria inoculation in 15 men and 2 women suffering from gonorrhea. Malaria tertiana was inoculated with a strain from Prof. Wagner-Jaureg's clinic in Vienna. Local treatment for gonorrhea was also given before and after vaccination. The best results were obtained in patients who had 10-12 attacks with high fever.
Prof. V. I. Molchanov. Growth and Development Disorders in Children. Moscow. 1928, Sabashnikov's edition
Authors: Menshikov V.
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this book, as the author points out, is to arouse interest among a wide range of physicians in diseases manifested by growth and developmental disorders in children. Usually these diseases do not attract the attention of the physician and often remain without proper recognition and treatment, while timely treatment, according to the author, can sometimes radically change the course of development and prevent serious consequences.
To the etiology of endemic goiter
Authors: Blumshtein Z. N.
Published: February 2022

Last autumn of 1927 I accepted a proposal of the Mari Autonomous Province Department of Health to investigate the iodine content in the drinking water of some villages affected by goiter, having made a trip to take samples and to observe the local morbidity. As far as I know from available Russian literature of the last years, similar researches were not made in our country, and therefore it seems to me, the results received by me, will be interesting for the publication. I visited some villages in Zvenigskiy canton of the region and I did 16 tests on iodine content in water samples taken in these villages. I will briefly summarize the data of my inspection, as well as the results of the analyses.
The significance of various globulin reactions for the diagnosis of tbc. Ipatiev and Holtzman (Vopr. Tub., 1928, No. 1)
Authors: Ofeibach M.
Published: February 2022

On the sanatorium material the authors studied the comparative value of Daranui, Brusk'a, Соstа reactions and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Their conclusions are that Daranui p. is the most valuable and necessary, because it subtly conveys changes in the course of tbc process, being the most correct indicator of the activity of the process.
Initial tbc infiltration in adults. Prozorov and Kantorovich (Vopr. Tub., 1928, No. 1)
Authors: Ofeibach M.
Published: February 2022

Stating this extremely interesting and important question and based on the works of Assman and Redeker, Prozorov and Kantorovich on the basis of their 19 cases give the clinical and roentgenologic picture of the initial tbc infiltration in adults. This large focal infiltration, located close to the pleural surface, is most often found at the level of ribs II and III on the right, in the upper lobe of the lung, and is characteristic not only of adolescence. With progression of the process, its pneumonic forms with decay of lung tissue are also observed, but in most cases the infiltrate is resolved or becomes melted.
Mucous colitis (Journ. of Amer. Med. Ass., 1927, No. 4)
Authors: Kramov N.
Published: February 2022

The causes of mucous colitis are very different: mechanical, chemical, nervous. Septic foci in the teeth, in the tonsils, in the pelvis also often play an important etiological role here. If none of these causes is found, then colitis is based either on a metabolic disorder or on disorders of the nervous system.
Pr.-Assoc. Ya. M. Bruskin and Pr.-Assoc. S. R. Frenkel. The latest methods of surgical X-ray diagnostics. With a preface by prof. P. A. Tercena. 141 pages, 55 figures. Ed. I Moscow State. Univ. Moscow. 1928. Price 2 rubles
Authors: Gasul R. Ya.
Published: February 2022

This book is the fruit of a successful combination of radiologist and surgeon. It is a practical guide to the radiological diagnosis of diseases of the brain, spinal cord, gallbladder, and genitourinary system by introducing contrast agents-air, iodine oil, sodium bromide, and tetraiodophenolphthaleinatrium into organ cavities or into the blood. Based on their own material and literature data, the authors outline the basics of encephalo- and ventriculography and air injection by cistern puncture, lumbar puncture, or ventricular puncture. While not silent about possible failures, they are critical about the data of the method and the issue of contraindications.
Е. Markovits. Radiodiagnostics of diseases of internal organs in tables. With a preface by Holzknecht. 390 figures, 198 pp. Published by Georg Thieme. 1928. Leipzig. Price 13 Mar.
Authors: Gasul R.
Published: February 2022

The rapid and widespread development of clinical radiology, and radiology diagnostics in particular, has contributed to the stabilization of valuable and indisputable radiological symptoms, the detailed study of which, in view of the enormous accumulation of special literature, becomes beyond the power of the practicing radiologist. The author, following the example of detailed notes existing in other branches of medicine, set out to present in a concise, schematic tabular form all the essentials of radiodiagnostics.
Reconstructive plastic surgery on the uterus and postoperative rehabilitation of patients
Authors: Susloparov L. A. , Lukin V. A. , Zhibura L. P. , Andreeva T. B.
Published: February 2022

Surgical treatment of 97 patients with uterine myoma and anomalies of its development was carried out. Conservative myomectomy, high supravaginal amputation, amputation of the uterus with endometrial plasty, Strassmann operation were used. In the postoperative period, physiotherapeutic methods of rehabilitation were used, which made it possible to reduce the postoperative period and restore reproductive and menstrual function in women.
Microsurgical and physical methods of treatment of patients with lymphostasis of the lower extremities
Authors: Obydennov S. A. , Mikusev Yu. E.
Published: February 2022

Currently, a lot of experience has been gained in the treatment of chronic lymphatic insufficiency by forming direct anastomoses (LVVA) or lymphonodulovenous anastomoses. Most surgeons apply LVVA in secondary forms of lymphedema due to impaired patency of the lymphatic vessels or nodes after trauma, surgery, inflammation, or radiotherapy. At the same time, there are reports of surgical treatment of primary lymphedema.
The state of the nervous system in persons exposed to industrial noise
Authors: Reznikov E. B.
Published: February 2022

We studied the state of the nervous system in 95 stamping workers exposed to pulsed high-frequency noise with an intensity of 94-103 db for a long time.
U.S. Hispanic Television Viewers
Authors:   , Ortiz Erica I. , McHugh Michelle
Published: February 2022

As one of the largest and fastest growing consumer groups in the United States, Hispanics are poised to impact the television industry in many ways. With a growing buying power now in the trillions and adopting technology at a faster rate than any other segment group, U.S. Hispanics are in a position to drive programming and online subscriptions in large numbers. This qualitative study looked to explore how the television industry views this specific viewer group and identify their existing targeted strategy in reaching them. The author interviewed several television executives in research, insights, development, marketing and programming. A consistent agreement among the industry executives was that in the end, content was king and would be the key ingredient to attracting and retaining U.S. Hispanic viewers along all platforms.
The impact of weight suppression on brain reward responsivity to anticipatory and consummatory food cues in bulimia nervosa
Authors:   , Singh Simar , Lowe Michael R.
Published: February 2022

Objective: Calculated as the difference between one's highest past weight and current weight, weight suppression (WS) has been implicated in both the etiology and maintenance of bulimia nervosa (BN). It has been hypothesized that higher WS is associated with a reduced reward satiation to food, which could maintain the illness. Methods: In this work, we examine whether WS moderates brain reward responsivity to visual and gustatory food stimuli, using the food reward paradigm previously employed by Burger and Stice (2011). Our aims are two-fold: (1) to examine differences in anticipatory and consummatory reward found in those with BN, and (2) to explore whether WS is related to brain responsivity in reward-related regions. Results: Greater activation in the right thalamus, left fusiform gyrus, and right visual association cortex was observed in response to cues signaling milkshake delivery compared to those signaling tasteless solution delivery; while greater activation in the left occipital pole was observed in response to cues signaling tasteless solution delivery compared to milkshake delivery. Greater activation in the medial PFC, middle temporal gyrus, and left temporal pole was observed in response to milkshake receipt compared to tasteless solution receipt; while greater activation in the right fusiform was observed in response to tasteless solution receipt compared to milkshake receipt. WS was not significantly correlated with any a priori ROIs under the anticipatory condition; however, under the consummatory condition, there was a significant positive correlation between WS and the left caudate. Discussion: These findings suggest those with BN experience heightened reward activation in response to both anticipation and consumption of milkshake compared to control solution. Although further research is needed to replicate and extend WS's positive relation with activation in the caudate upon receipt of palatable foods, this finding could provide insight into a possible mechanism by which WS maintains BN.
DESIGN SOLUTIONS OF THE MECHANICAL PRESSES LEADING TO IMPROVEMENT OF THEIR TECHNICAL PARAMETERS WHILE IMPROVING THEIR ENERGY DEMANDS
Authors:   UNIVERSITY OF WEST BOHEMIA, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Pilsen, Czech Republic, ZAHALKA MARTIN , CECHURA MILAN ,   UNIVERSITY OF WEST BOHEMIA, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Pilsen, Czech Republic, KUBEC VACLAV ,   UNIVERSITY OF WEST BOHEMIA, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Pilsen, Czech Republic
Published: February 2022

The article states that the significant improvement of technical parameters for mechanical crank presses of the current concept is already very limited. Significant improvements in technical parameters can be made at the cost of changing the design concept. To substantiate this statement, an analysis of the current situation is performed and the possibility of successful improvement of technical parameters for the set criteria is documented on the examples of a new conceptual solution.
Invasive infections of Bacillus species in Iceland, 2006-2018
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, Gunnarsdóttir Anna Kristín , Erlendsdóttir Helga ,   2Department of clinical microbiology, Department of infectious diseases, Landspitali University Hospital, Gottfreðsson Magnús ,   Department of infectious diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Department of science Landspitali University Hospital
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION: The bacterial genus Bacillus is widely distributed environmentally and is usually considered a low-virulence organism, except for B. anthracis. A blood culture positive for Bacillus is often looked at as contamination. Nevertheless, B. cereus can cause invasive infections in humans and produces harmful toxins. The epidemiology of these infections remains poorly studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All possible invasive infections caused by Bacillus during 2006-2018 at Landspitali University Hospital were identified from culture results. Clinical information was used to evaluate if there was a possible infection or confirmed infection. Here, the authors propose and use clinical criteria to categorize each case as contamination, possible infection or confirmed infection. The incidence of possible or confirmed infections was calculated using hospital catchment population data. RESULTS: Positive cultures of Bacillus sp. from sterile sites during 2006-2018 were identified from 126 patients; blood (116), synovial fluid (8) and cerebrospinal fluid (2). In total, 26 cases were confirmed infection (20.6%), 10 possible infection (7.9%) and 90 contamination (71.4%). The incidence was 1.4 cases/100.000 inhabitants/year. Injection drug use was a risk factor among 11/26 patients with confirmed infection. The most common clinical presentation was sepsis. In this study, Bacillus was resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics in 92% of confirmed infections and 66% of the cases considered contamination (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Positive blood cultures of Bacillus sp. should be taken seriously, especially among patients with injection drug use, malignancy or immunocompromised state. It is important to draw two sets of blood cultures if there is a real suspicion of an infection to establish diagnosis and avoid unnecessary antibiotic therapy.
Air ambulance service from Akureyri, Iceland 2012–2020
Authors:   Department of Health Sciences, University of Akureyri, Department of Anaesthesia and Emergency, The Hospital of Akureyri, Gunnarsson Björn , Björnsdóttir Kristrún María ,   Department of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Dúason Sveinbjörn
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the use of fixed-wing air ambulance in Iceland between 2012 and 2020. MATERIAL: Medical records were filled out during each flight and information afterwards entered into an electronic database. METHODS: The annual number of patient transports nationwide; triage scale category; reason for transportation, age and gender; and departure and arrival airports were analyzed. Response time and total transport time were compared between years and locations. Poisson regression analysis was used to compare the yearly number of transports. One-way ANOVA was used to compare response time and total transport time by year and departure site. RESULTS: In total, 6011 patients were transported in fixed-wing air ambulances during the study period. Majority were male (54.3%). Median age was 64 years (range 0-99 years). Most patients were transported due to medical conditions; 15.8% due to trauma. Thirty percent of women aged 20 to 44 years were transported due to pregnancy or childbirth. Two-thirds of patients were transported to Reykjavik (n=3937), and one-fifth to Akureyri (n=1139). Median response time for acute transports was 84 minutes (range 0-2870 minutes). Median total transport time was 150 minutes (range 50-2930 minutes). Differences were found in total transport time from departure locations (F=32.19; DF 9, 2678; p<0.001). Egilsstaðir, Norðfjörður, Höfn, and, partly, Ísafjörður had the longest total transport times. CONCLUSION: Icelandic air ambulance flights are often long, likely affecting outcomes for patients with time-sensitive medical conditions. Access to specialized healthcare is unequal among places of residence, and it is important to address this.
Profile of hypospadias patients at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta period 2015-2020
Authors: Hariyono Dedy C. , . Wibisono
Published: February 2022

Background: Hypospadias is the second most common congenital malformation in males and the most common congenital malformation of the penis. This malformation is characterized by the anatomical position of the urinary tract opening on the ventral or anterior part of the penis. The prevalence of hypospadias in western countries around 8 of 1000 live births and is reported to increase every year.Methods: This study is a descriptive study with a retrospective cross-sectional approach. All data were retrieved from RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta using hypospadias patients medical records from January 2015 – December 2020. The hypospadias case were classified into mild, moderate, and severe hypospadia based on location. The age of being diagnosed, concomitant congenital disease, surgery technique, and surgical complication were described.Results: There were 120 cases of hypospadias, consisted of 47.5% severe hypospadias, 34.9% moderate hypospadias and 17.4% mild hypospadias. Patients’ age of being diagnosed was most in the 1-5 years group (35.9%). Seventy-eight (75.7%) cases without concomitant congenital disease, 10.7% with undecensus testiculorum, 4.8% with cyanotic congenital disease, and 3.8% with cloacal. There were 68.9% cases repaired with first-stage surgical technique and 31.1% repaired with two-stage surgical technique. Most surgical complications were meatal stenosis 9%.Conclusions: Majority of hypospadias cases were severe hypospadia. Other profile like age of being diagnosed, concomitant congenital disease, surgery technique, and surgical complication were found in this study.
Breast conserving surgery with immediate partial breast reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi mini flap: oncological clearance and cosmetic outcomes
Authors: A. Raflis Ruzairee , T. Ju Ann , A. A. Nur Aziah , D. Nor A. Hakim , E. Nur Aina
Published: February 2022

Background: In our center, a breast conserving surgery (BCS) with immediate partial breast reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi mini flap (LDMF) is performed in women with a large tumor-to-breast-size ratio who declined mastectomy. We conducted a study to assess the oncological clearance and cosmetic outcomes following a BCS with immediate LDMF partial breast reconstruction in women with various breast pathologies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients who underwent a BCS with immediate LDMF reconstruction between January 2016 and January 2021 in the hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The demographic data, tumor characteristics, operative details and post-operative complications were documented. The histopathological reports were reviewed to determine the oncological clearance. Patient’s satisfaction on the cosmetic outcomes evaluated using a standard breast-Q questionnaire.Results: Thirty patients with various breast pathologies were recruited; invasive carcinoma (n=26, 86.7%), ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) (n=1, 3.3%), phyllodes tumor (n=2, 6.7%), and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (n=1, 3.3%). The mean tumor size was 4.92 cm, giving the mean specimen weight of 224 g. Adequate oncological clearance was obtained in 96.7% of all cases. Seventeen of the patients (n=17, 56.6 %) were deeply satisfied and the remaining patients were satisfied (n=13, 43.3 %).Conclusions: In a stage II/III breast cancer, a BCS with immediate partial breast reconstruction using a LDMF can be safely performed with satisfactory cosmetic outcomes in women with a large tumor-to-breast-size ratio.
Clinico-pathological study of craniopharyngioma
Authors: Sikandar Mohammed , Venugopal G. , Reddy M. Srinivas
Published: February 2022

Background: Craniopharyngioma is a tumour of the suprasellar region that histologically has two distinct variants with some differences in clinical behaviour. The papillary type is almost always seen in adults and has a more indolent course. We studied clinical and radiological characteristics, surgical resectability, clinical outcome and recurrence patterns in tertiary care center.Methods: The present study is a prospective study, comprising of 32 patients of craniopharyngiomas studies over a period of 3 years. All the patients were thoroughly evaluated for the symptoms and signs with particular stress on visual impairment and field defects.Results: There were 16 male and 16 female patients. The incidence of craniopharyngioma was observed more in the age group of 6-10 years. Fundoscopy examination revealed optic atrophy and papilloedema in (56.25%) eases. Endocrinological dysfunction were present in 31.25% cases. Appearance on computed tomography (CT) scan showed 31.25% as cystic and 68.75% was mixed respectively. Surgical approach to the tumor was through pterional approach in (75%) sub frontal in (18.75%) transphenoidal in 18.75%. There was 2 death, 10 patients were advised postoperative radiotherapy and follow up period was from 6 months to 2 years. There were 6 recurrences out of 32 patients who were under follow-up.Conclusions: Treatment should focus not only on long term control and survival, but also on the reduction of the disease and related morbidity and preservation of quality of life.
Learning should never stop: a survey of surgery residents and supervisors on online teaching during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tandup Cherring , Sahu Swapnesh Kumar , Behera Arunanshu , Kaman Lileswar , Dahiya Divya , Savlania Ajay , Thakur Vipul , Kumar Manish , Naik Anil L. , Reddy Lasya
Published: February 2022

Background: The pandemic has imposed a prodigious limitation on surgical training and has disrupted hospital procedures, hindering continuing medical training. We have established an online classroom platform at our institute to pursue medical education, which has been a new experience for our residents and consultants.Method: Across-sectional survey was conducted in the department of general surgery to know the perception of surgical consultants/registrars and junior residents regarding online classes and conventional teaching methods. Survey was conducted online, wherein questionnaires related to online teaching were circulated to resident surgeons and consultants/registrars.Results: A total of 91 surgery residents and 26 surgical supervisors consisting of faculty members and registrars completed the survey. Junior residents provided encouraging feedback and supported online education in the COVID-19 period; they felt that courses were well discussed, except clinical case presentation. A total of 84.6% of surgery residents and all the surgical supervisors felt that lack of a functional operating theatre impeded their training. Majority of surgical supervisors (66%) were moderately satisfied by the quality of online training, whereas junior residents (79%) were very to extremely satisfied and most (83%) approved online classes in future. Majority of junior residents (90%) found the virtual platform very easy to use, opposite to surgery supervisors.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that online education is a feasible way to train surgical residents. However, since surgical specialties depend heavily on practical experience, it is very important to implement new ways of acquiring practical skills.
Early enteral feeding in patients with gastrointestinal surgery time to send the patient home early
Authors: Soni Deepak Kumar , Sharma Shrikant , Khan Shehtaj
Published: February 2022

Background: There has been a trend among surgeons to delay enteral feeding following gastrointestinal surgery so that complications like anastomotic site leak and infection can be prevented and also to give time for operated site to heal. Newer studies suggest that early enteral feeding is useful in comparison to conventional method of feeding i.e. waiting for bowel function to return. This study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and tolerability of early enteral feeding after gastrointestinal surgeries in terms of postoperative complications and length of hospitalization.Methods: This study was prospective observational study with retrospective controls done over a period of 18 months at a tertiary care center in India. 35 patients were included in each group (case versus control). Early enteral feeding was defined as commencement of oral feed within 48 hours of surgery. The data was analyzed using statistical package of social science (SPSS Version 20; Chicago Inc., USA).Results: Both groups were found to be well matched in terms of age and sex distribution. The mean hospital stay for patients given early enteral feeding was significantly lower as compared to controls (10.26±3.09 versus 13.4±2.186). They had a complication rate of 11.4 % as compared to late enteral feeding group (25.7%).Conclusions: Early enteral feeding has been found beneficial in most of the studies worldwide. Hence, it is time to open our minds and embrace it to improve surgical outcome in gastrointestinal surgery practice.
A study of venous thromboembolic complications following laparoscopic mesh hernioplasty for midline ventral hernias
Authors: Parmar Parth , Lal Romesh , Borgharia Saurabh , Chaudhary Poras , Sharma Deborshi , Garga U. C.
Published: February 2022

Background: Midline ventral hernia is a common complication of abdominal surgeries. Laparoscopic mesh hernioplasty is novel method of hernia repair but has many complications. Venous thromboembolic complications are one of them.Methods: A prospective observational study in patients with midline ventral hernia was carried out. Based on the size of defect patients were divided into two groups (consisting 60 patients each). Group A with hernia defect size of less than 6cm and group B with more than 6 cm. Group A patients underwent intraperitoneal onlay mesh plus repair and group B patients underwent endoscopic components separation technique with intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair. Each patient was followed up at day 5 and day 30 postoperatively and Well’s score was calculated. The patients with ‘Likely’ score were taken for Doppler ultrasonography. The patients with ‘Unlikely’ score were further evaluated with D-Dimer study. Patients with raised value of D-Dimer were taken for Doppler ultrasonography.Results: Well’s score on post-operative day 1 and 5 did not show any statistical significance between both groups (p<0.05). D-dimer done in Unlikely score showed no statistical significance. In all the patients with Likely score and raised D-dimer, no abnormality was detected on sonography.Conclusions: Performing Wells score preoperatively and postoperatively one can get an idea about the risks of development of thromboembolic events.
The study on the role of laparoscopy in the blunt abdominal trauma: a case series
Authors: Sahu Rakesh Kumar , Chandrakar Sandeep , Ratre Rajendra , Agrawal Sujan Narayan
Published: February 2022

The blunt trauma to the abdomen is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in India and also worldwide. The young and productive age group are the main victims. The common causes of blunt injury to the abdomen are road traffic accidents, assault, fall from height and work-related injuries. Abdominal trauma is present in 7-10% of all trauma victims and in cases of severe trauma, it is often associated with orthopedic, thoracic or central nervous system injuries. Identification of serious intra-abdominal injuries is often challenging. Thus, a rapid and accurate diagnosis is mandatory. The diagnostic laparoscopy has gained widespread acceptance as a valuable tool for the diagnosis and management of patients with blunt abdominal trauma. When the imaging techniques fail to give the precise diagnosis, diagnostic laparoscopy is a viable alternative for the management of such trauma. This case series consisted of 22 patients admitted to our institute. All the patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. The blunt trauma managed by laparoscopy while 12 patients required conversion to exploratory laparotomy. It was observed that the most common organ injured was spleen in 10 patients (45.4%), liver in 9 patients (40.9%), mesenteric injury in 4 patients (18.1%) and small bowel injury in 3 patients (13.6%) respectively. Diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy is a preferred in hemodynamically stable patients, it reduces the hospital stay and postoperative complications. This case series underlines the importance of diagnostic and therapeutic application of laparoscopy in the victims of blunt injury abdomen.
A rare case of pseudoaneurysm of posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery related with hemosuccus pancreaticus: a case report
Authors: Kopperundevi V. , Prabhakar Joyce , S. L. Samarthan , Kannan R.
Published: February 2022

Hemosuccus pancreaticus is a rare cause of obscure and intermittent upper GI bleeding, often life threatening. Usually seen in a patient with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis complicated with pseudoaneurysm of splenic artery in most of the cases. In the given case reports it was pseudoaneurysm of the posterior branch of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA) which accounts for less than 0.07% of total 10% of pseudoaneurysm of visceral arteries caused by hemosuccus pancreaticus. These patients usually present with an obscure moderate upper GI bleed. Early clinical, endoscopic and radiological diagnosis helps to determine the appropriate method of management. Most of the cases require the endovascular interventions like glue embolisation or metal coiling or beads, very few cases end up with explorative laparotomy. Here we report a rare case presentation of upper GI bleed due to pseudoaneurysm of IPDA in hemosuccus pancreaticus, it’s diagnosis and management.
Jejunal diverticular perforation: a masquerader in the elderly during COVID era
Authors: Shajini N. , Senthilkumar M.
Published: February 2022

Jejunal pseudo-diverticulosis is a rare, acquired condition. In this era of COVID-19 pandemic, although there is insufficient data to suggest causation, gastro-intestinal complications of it have been reported. Being associated with high mortality, our case sheds light onto a potential gastrointestinal manifestation of COVID-19 and implicates the need for a high clinical suspicion of complicated jejunal diverticulosis in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive elderly presenting with acute abdomen, having had long-term non-specific symptoms.
Spontaneous scapular region hematoma extending upto anterior chest wall in a patient of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an unusual site presentation
Authors: Gopal Vaibhav Raj , Srivastava Akash , Yadav Neha , Singh Vineet Kumar
Published: February 2022

Spontaneous haemorrhage and thrombosis should always raise the suspicion of CML as one of the differential as it is associated with qualitative platelet dysfunction. We here report a rare case of CML with spontaneous hematoma at an unusual site. A 26 years male presented with complaints of sudden onset non traumatic spontaneous swelling over the left scapular region and progressively extending up-to the left anterior chest wall which was associated with dull aching moderate intensity pain. Swelling was warm, soft in consistency and tender. He also had hepato-splenomegaly. General blood picture showed marked leucocytosis with myeloid hyperplasia. CT scan thorax reported a large hypodense lesion in the scapular and anterior chest wall region which on diagnostic aspiration revealed blood thereby confirming the diagnosis of spontaneous hematoma with CML. Imatinib therapy was started and hematoma was managed conservatively with antibiotics. The swelling resolved spontaneously without any surgical intervention.
Torsion of giant Meckel’s diverticulum causing acute small bowel obstruction
Authors: Kalyan Kumar M. S. , V. Vijayalakshmi , Girieasen M. Sabari , S. Deepika , R. Kannan
Published: February 2022

Meckel’s diverticulum occurs in 2% of the population and is the most common congenital anomaly of the small intestine. It is the only true diverticulum of the small intestine and occurs due to the persistence of a part of the vitello intestinal duct that does not undergo normal obliteration by the fifth to ninth week of gestation. Though the majority are clinically silent, there is a 4-6% lifetime risk of complications. Axial torsion is the rarest complication associated with Meckel’s diverticulum and its coexistence with intestinal obstruction is largely unheard of with reported cases being few and far between. Here we discuss one such case of axial torsion of a giant Meckel’s diverticulum associated with intestinal obstruction in an adult male.
Complete intraluminal migration of IPOM mesh causing sub-acute intestinal obstruction: a rare case report
Authors: Murugesan Srinivasan , Amudhan Anbalagan , Devakumar Murugesan Satish , Rengasamy Sudhagar , Thangasamy Selvaraj , Sathyanesan Jeswanth
Published: February 2022

Incisional hernia is a common complication following an abdominal surgery. They have ideally managed with open/ laparoscopic mesh repair. Mesh related complication are many due to increasing number of surgeries. This is a case of complete transluminal migration of a IPOM mesh and an eroding Onlay mesh presenting as a sub-acute intestinal obstruction after 2 years of incisional hernia surgery. Mesh migration is one of the complications of incisional hernia repair because of inadequate fixation or by ongoing inflammation (foreign body reaction). Complete trans luminal mesh migration is a rare complication with very few reports noted on bowel and urinary bladder. Transluminal migration into small bowel is a rare complication and it should be considered in differentials whenever patient comes with abdominal symptoms with past history of hernia repair.
A rare case of intrapulmonary teratoma
Authors: Bansod Atish N. , Awachar Neha S. , Umalkar Rohan K. , Jatli Manjunath C. , Tayade Priyanka C. , Patil Ishwar G.
Published: February 2022

Benign cystic teratomas of the lung are extremely rare. We diagnosed such case in 22 years old male suffering from heaviness in left side of chest for 2 years with occasional cough with expectoration for 1 year. Patient suffered typical symptom of white hair in expectoration. Diagnosis was confirmed on computed tomography thorax and Fine needle aspiration cytology. Teratoma was located in anterior segment of left upper lobe and was treated with left upper lobectomy. Histopathology was done and was implicational mature teratoma.
COVID-19 risk perception and protective behaviour among service providers at Yangon international airport
Authors: Oo Kyaw Min , Lwin Swe Mar M. , L. Mon Khaing , Win Hla H.
Published: February 2022

Background: International travel and trade have been increasing at the greatest rate around the world and at the same time, several emerging and re-emerging public health emergencies are threatening the safety of people. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, risk perception, and protective behaviour of COVID-19 among the service providers at the major designated point of entry in Myanmar.Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out among 216 service providers at Yangon international airport by using online telephone interviews during 2020. Participants with at least 6 months duration of working service (both private and public sectors) in their current area were included. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors influencing the protective behaviour of COVID-19.  Results: All participants have heard about the COVID-19 pandemic and about (63%) also knew that coronavirus was the causal organism of the pandemic. Of 216 participants, only 18.5% had a low knowledge level. Overall good perception level towards COVID-19 was moderate to high. Majority (81.5%) reported good protective behaviour. Knowledge and perception of participants on COVID-19 did not influence the protective behaviour in this study, however, female (aOR=6.64, 95%CI=1.85, 22.61), and those who had long working hours (12 hours shift) (aOR=3.36, 95% CI=1.60, 7.05) had better protective behaviour on COVID-19.  Conclusions: Although few service providers with limited knowledge and protective behaviour, most had good perception levels on COVID-19. Regular risk communication and awareness-raising activities were needed to increase the protective behaviours among the service providers at the airports.
Tuberculosis prevalence relation to COVID-19: mortality in malaria free countries
Authors: Raham Tareef Fadhil
Published: February 2022

Background: Both malaria and latent tuberculosis (TB) are possible factors related to decreased COVID-19 mortality. Malaria endemicity variable is a possible confounder when conducting a study on the correlation of latent TB prevalence to COVID-19 mortality. Studies regarding latent TB prevalence" according to different studies" did not adjust malaria endemicity as a possible confounder. Many malaria-endemic countries are high TB prevalent. Malaria-free countries could be: high, moderate, or low in TB prevalence. The main aim of this study is to look for the influence of TB prevalence on COVID-19 mortality. TB prevalence reflects latent TB prevalence in the absence of malaria endemicity as a possible confounding factor in TB studies.Methods: The total chosen countries were sixty-nine non-malaria endemic countries. Countries were classified according to TB prevalence groups into low, moderate, and high prevalent groups. Covid-19 deaths/Million (M) inhabitant were taken as reported on September 2, 2020. "Kendall's-τ Correlation Coefficient", "Kruskal-Wall is test, and Mann-Whitney test were used in statistical analyses.Results: We found inverse relationships between TB prevalence and COVID-19 deaths/ (M) inhabitant and a highly positive significant correlation coefficient was reported (0.008) in Kendall's-τ correlation coefficient test. Kruskal-Wall is test showed a significant relationship within studied groups. Furthermore, the low TB prevalent group had significant reverse associations with both high and moderate TB prevalent groups in the Mann-Whitney test.Conclusions: In the absence of possible malaria confounding, TB prevalence in malaria free countries is inversely related to COVID-19 mortality in a highly significant association.
The effect of tooth brushing before and after eating on salivary pH of elementary school students
Authors: Sulastri Siti , . Suharjono , Sulistyani Herastuti
Published: February 2022

Background: According to studies in Asian countries, including Indonesia, 80-90% of children under the age of 18 are affected by dental caries. Dental caries is caused by factors: food, bacteria, teeth and saliva. The state of saliva that is acidic, at a pH of 5.5 will result dental caries. To overcome the overly acidic condition, brushing teeth right after eating and before sleeping is necessary. Brushing teeth properly and correctly can increase salivary pH and it help the remineralization process of small lesions in the enamel layer.Methods: This research was conducted using pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental with control group design. The sample is all students of Nglahar public elementary school, Sumbersari, Moyudan, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, with a total of 85 students using total sampling technique. The data was collected with examine the effect of brushing teeth before and after eating on the salivary pH.Results: The elementary school students’ salivary pH was 7.59 (alkaline) when the students brushed their teeth before eating, whereas tooth brushing within 20 minutes after eating resulted in elementary school students’ salivary pH of 7.82 (alkaline). This showed that brushing the teeth 20 minutes after eating can return salivary pH as before eating.Conclusions: Brushing teeth 20 minutes after eating can increase the salivary pH as a before eating.
Under nutrition and associated factors among adolescent girls in Fik district, Erar zone, Somali region, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Ali Abdisalan Muktar , Abdi Abdirahman Abdisamed
Published: February 2022

Background: Malnutrition in adolescent is a major public health problem in the world, especially in developing countries, which is responsible for bone mass disability and affects their ability to learn and work at maximum productivity. Despite this, there is a shortage of information on the nutritional status of adolescent girls in Somali region, Ethiopia. This study was therefore performed to help redress this lack of data and to provide information for future improvements by health planners and policy makers.Method: Data were collected from 538 adolescent girls aged 10-19 years by community cross sectional study design. WHO Anthro-plus software was used to analyze nutritional statuses of adolescent girls and magnitudes were determined using WHO 2007 references point. Data were entered into Epi data and transferred to SPSS (version 20) for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to measure the association between the dependent variable and independent variables with 95% confidence intervalResults: The result of the study revealed that prevalence of thinness and stunting are 32.7% and 2.8% respectively. Factors independently associated with thinness were age of adolescent girl (AOR=0.50, 95% CI=0.27-0.92), mother education status (AOR=2.30, 95% CI=0.72-7.36), father occupation (AOR=0.44, 95% CI0.22-0.87), dietary diversity score (AOR= 0.61, 95% CI=0.38-0.97) and less than two daily meal frequencies (AOR= 2.17, 95% CI=1.00-4.69).Conclusions: The prevalence of thinness was high in the study area. Thus, focus should be given adolescent girls nutrition and provide a unique opportunity to break the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. The government, school teacher and parents should give more attention to adolescent girls as they are crucial segment of the population and develop strategies on improvement of dietary diversity intake.