bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influência do Raio de Curvatura e Tensões Residuais em Hastes de Implantes Pediculares na Coluna Vertebral
Authors: Masiero Lucas Verdan , Habib Anderson Závoli , Aliaga Luis César Rodríguez , Lima Lucas Venâncio Pires de Carvalho
Published: August 2021

Hastes pediculares são utilizadas em implantes na coluna vertebral com o objetivo de estabilizar e corrigir deformidades. Em diversas aplicações clínicas, as hastes são dobradas (conformação a frio) no momento da cirurgia, a fim de, por exemplo, fornecer ao paciente um bom alinhamento sagital. Entretanto, o teste normativo que avalia estes implantes (ASTM F1717-04) o faz numa configuração de haste reta (sem conformação). O presente trabalho buscaverificar a influência de tal dobra no estado de tensões da haste, que pode reduzir a vida útil do implante. Neste trabalho dois efeitos são avaliados: a influência de novas geometrias (pela variação de diferentes raios de curvatura) e a influência das tensões residuais provenientes da flexão. A influência da geometria foi averiguada por meio de modelagem em elementos finitos utilizando o software ANSYS Mechanical APDL. A influência das tensões residuais foi estimada a partir de um modelo simplificado, proposto por equilíbrio de momentos para uma haste de seção circular. Verificou-se que ambos os efeitos são influentes. Para os efeitos geométricos, quanto mais a haste se aproxima doponto de aplicação da força (por causa da conformação), menor a tensão trativa na parte posterior do implante. Para as tensões residuais o efeito é contrário, quanto maior o dobramento, maiores são as tensões trativas no mesmo local. Os resultados do presente trabalho apontam que seria benéfico o emprego de hastes pediculares pré-conformadas de forma que os processos de fabricação minimizem as tensões residuais presentes nestas.
“The Great Game of Hide and Seek Has Worked”: Suzanne Césaire, Cultural Marronnage, and a Caribbean Mosaic of Gendered Race Consciousness around World War II
Authors: Boittin Jennifer Anne
Published: August 2021

Cet article analyse la résistance culturelle dans les Caraïbes autour de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Se basant sur les écrits de Suzanne Roussi Césaire pour la revue Tropiques (1941–1945), sous le régime de Vichy en Martinique, mais s’inspirant aussi de son travail pour la revue, tel l’obtention du papier nécessaire pour l’imprimer, cet article propose de reconnaître ses pratiques comme une forme de marronnage. En reconnaissant la part du marronnage dans ses tactiques, on peut mieux apprécier les liens étroits entre les Œuvres de Suzanne Roussi Césaire, et les activités d’autres femmes caribéennes tout au long de la première moitié du XXe siècle. En effet, ses pratiques de marronnage rejoignent celles de Suzanne Lacascade, des sŒurs Paulette et Jane Nardal, ou encore d’Annie Desroy. Ensemble, elles produisent au fil de plusieurs décennies une conscience de race genrée, une mosaïque faite des histoires et mémoires de l’esclavage, de la colonisation et de la dissidence, et qui cumulera dans la décolonisation d’après-guerre.
Influencia del directorio en el desempeño del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano
Authors: Améstica Rivas Luis , King Domínguez Andrea , Moraga Dionicio Viviana , Romero Romero Rodrigo
Published: August 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo comprobar si características de la composición del directorio, tales como porcentaje de mujeres, independencia del directorio o tamaño y concentración de propiedad del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano (MILA), contribuyen en el desempeño económico de las empresas. Como medidas de desempeño se utilizaron los indicadores ROA, ROE y Q de Tobin. Este estudio utiliza análisis de regresión con datos de panel mediante el Modelo Tobit, con paneles dinámicos y estáticos con efectos fijos a una muestra de 83 empresas. Se encontró evidencia de que el tamaño del directorio y la concentración de la propiedad influyen en el desempeño de las empresas.
Financiamiento sostenible de la inversión pública: evidencia para México, 2001-2019
Authors: Hernández Mota José Luis , Marín Medrano Iván Abdel
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el gasto en inversión pública con financiamiento externo sostenible. El desarrollo teórico considera las condiciones de solvencia y cumplimiento fiscal que permitan determinar una regla de acumulación de deuda sostenible con una política de gasto en inversión pública. Empíricamente se analiza una función de reacción fiscal que valida la hipótesis de efectos positivos de la implementación de la regla sobre el balance primario y sobre la inversión física presupuestaria para el periodo 1990:I-2019:IV. Los resultados sugieren discutir la pertinencia de modificar la política de endeudamiento y gasto público para el estímulo de la actividad económica.
Intragastric Botox Injection Barely To the Antrum vs. Diet: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kasapoğlu Benan
Published: August 2021

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to report the clinical outcomes of antral BTX-A injection in the absence of wide- spread injections and compare the results with the control cases who only were under a diet program without any invasive procedure. Methods: Intragastric BTX-A injection was performed in 42 patients. Meanwhile, 38 age- and gender-matched pa- tients who started a new diet program were included in the control group. Only the patients with a body mass index (BMI) between 30 kg/m2 and 35 kg/m2 were included for analysis. Results: In total, 42 patients (11 males, 31 females) who had intragastric BTX-A injection and 38 patients (8 males, 30 females) who were under a diet program were included in this study. In the group administered with BTX-A, the mini- mum weight loss in this 5-month period was 7 kg, and the maximum weight lost was 19 kg with a mean of 14.48±2.20 kg; while the minimum weight loss in this 5-month period was 5 kg and the maximum weight lost was 13 kg with a mean of 10.78±2.09 kg in the control group (p=0.001). Discussion and Conclusion: Intragastric BTX-A injection, barely to the antrum, was determined to be more effec- tive in inducing significant weight loss in patients with grade 1 obesity than only diet and exercise. Approximately 10%–15% weight loss was achieved after antral BTX-A injection in about 3 months without any significant adverse events. In that aspect, intragastric BTX-A injection could be a promising way of inducing weight loss in obese patients.
Mean Platelet Volume and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio among Patients with Ulcerative Colitis as an Indicator of Activation
Authors: Yalcin Kadir Serkan
Published: August 2021

Introduction: To determine the changes in mean platelet volume (MPV) and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in activation period among patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: Overall, 83 patients (49 female and 34 male) diagnosed with UC were retrospectively screened and includ- ed in this study. The complete blood count results, including hemoglobin, white blood cell (WBC) count, NLR, platelet count, and MPV, of all patients were recorded in both activation and remission periods. The serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and sedimentation levels of all patients were also recorded. Endoscopic disease activities (endoscopic activity index (EAI)) were also noted. Results: Compared with the remission periods, MPV values were statistically significantly lower (p=0.023) and NLR values were statistically significantly higher (p=0.011) in activation periods. In the correlation analysis, MPV levels were correlated with disease age (p=0.019), hemoglobin (p=0.012), WBC count (p=0.009), platelet count (p=0.001), sedimentation rate (p=0.001), CRP levels (p=0.009), and EAI (p=0.008) during activation periods. Conversely, the NLR did not correlate with MPV, hemoglobin, WBC, platelet count, or sedimentation and CRP levels; however, the NLR was also correlated with EAI (p=0.036). Discussion and Conclusion: We have studied two inexpensive, easily applicable, and noninvasive serum biomarkers, MPV and NLR, to determine UC activation and found that these two parameters are well correlated with other inflam- matory markers and EAI.
An Unusual Presentation of Celiac Disease: Recurrent Spontaneous Abortus
Authors: Yozgat Ahmet
Published: August 2021

Celiac disease is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease that may affect many systems and organs. Herein we will report a young patient diagnosed with celiac disease after three times of spontaneous abortus. Clinicians should be aware that celiac disease may have some diverse clinical presentations which should be kept in mind during the differential diagnosis of patients with recurrent abortus.
A heterostakeholder cooperation for sustainable internet policymaking
Authors: Belli Luca
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the rise of a multistakeholder approach to internet policymaking and takes a critical stance with regard to the sole reliance on the multiplicity of stakeholders rather than focusing on the heterogeneity of stakeholders’ interests. The article analyses the evolution of the multistakeholder discourse from the Tunis Agenda for the Information Society to the NETmundial Multistakeholder Statement. Secondly, it presents a selection of examples of stakeholder inclusion within policy-development processes at national and international level. Thirdly, it argues that the focus on the diversity of stakeholders’ interests, rather than the mere affiliation with different stakeholder groups, may provide a more suitable conceptual framework for the elaboration of sustainable policies. As a conclusion, an embryonic model of heterostakeholder approach is put forward. Such an approach may be used to assess the diversity of interests represented within internet governance processes and strengthen pluralism of ideas and interests.
A big data framework for E-Government in Industry 4.0
Authors: Long Cu Kim , Agrawal Rashmi , Trung Ha Quoc , Pham Hai Van
Published: August 2021

The next generation of E-Government and healthcare has the potential to increase the more intelligent governance with improvements in transparency, accountability, efficiency, and effectiveness. It enables organizations to use the benefits of information via big data analysis to settle the difficulties effectively. Big Data has emerged which plays a significant role in many sectors around the world. Global trends in taking advantage of the benefits from big data are considered with an overview of the US, European Union, and several developing countries. To deeply understand the utilization of big data in several domains, this study has presented a brief survey of key concepts (such as IoT-enabled data, blockchain-enabled data, and intelligent systems data) to deeply understand the utilization of big data in several domains. Our analysis sets out also the similarities and differences in these concepts. We have also surveyed state-of-the-art technologies including cloud computing, multi-cloud, webservice, and microservice which are used to exploit potential benefits of big data analytics. Furthermore, some typical big data frameworks are surveyed and a big data framework for E-Government is also proposed. Open research questions and challenges are highlighted (for researchers and developers) following our review. Our goal in presenting the novel concepts presented in this article is to promote creative ideas in the research endeavor to perform efficaciously next-generation E-Government in the context of Industry 4.0.
Reassessing the Role of Parthia and Rome in the Origins of the First Romano-Parthian War (56/5–50 BCE)
Authors: Overtoom Nikolaus Leo
Published: August 2021

This article reevaluates the origins of the First Romano-Parthian War (56/5–50 BCE) to better understand the different perspectives, policies, and objectives of the various Parthian and Roman leaders in the early and middle 50 s that helped forge the great rivalry that emerged between Parthia and Rome. This article breaks from the dominate Rome-centric, anti-Crassus traditions concerning the investigation of the origins of this conflict. Centuries of anti-Crassus propaganda have led most scholars to discount or overlook the critical agency of the Parthians in the conflict and the serious implications of Gabinius’ actions in 56–55, while blaming Crassus for indefensible Roman aggression and greed. The propensity of modern scholarship to villainize and criticize Crassus follows ancient propaganda and stems in part from a lack of understanding of the geopolitical realities that Parthia and Rome faced in the middle 50 s. Further, this article challenges the misguided traditions that, first, describe the Parthians as feeble, passive, and duplicitous in their interactions with foreign powers and, second, that blame the incompetence or weakness of the Parthians’ enemies to explain their actions and successes. Indeed, the Parthians were important, active, and powerful agents in these events, something often obscured or overlooked because of the inherent Roman focus and bias of the Graeco-Roman literary tradition and modern scholarship.
Internal Structure and Heat Conduction in Rigid Solids: A Two-Temperature Approach
Authors: Gonzalez-Narvaez Ruth Estephania , López de Haro Mariano , Vázquez Federico
Published: August 2021

A non-Fourier thermal transport regime characterizes the heat conduction in solids with internal structure. Several thermodynamic theories attempt to explain the separation from the Fourier regime in such kind of systems. Here we develop a two-temperature model to describe the non-Fourier regime from the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The basic assumption is the existence of two well-separated length scales in the system, namely, one related with the matrix dimension (bulk) and the other with the characteristic length of the internal structure. Two Fourier type coupled transport equations are obtained for the temperatures which describe the heat conduction in each of the length scales. Recent experimental results from several groups on the thermal response of different structured materials are satisfactorily reproduced by using the coupling parameter as a fitting parameter. The similarities and differences of the present formalism with other theories are discussed.
Rapid Global Spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) Variant: Spatiotemporal Variation and Public Health Impact
Authors: Shi Qi , Dong Xiao-Ping
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has already affected human society for more than 1.5 years. As of August 8, 2021, this pandemic had caused more than 203 million infected and 4.3 million deaths worldwide. As an RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2 is prone to genetic evolution, thus resulting in development of mutations over time. Numerous variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been described globally, four of which are considered variants of concern (VOCs) by the WHO: Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P1) and Delta (B.1.617.2). The Delta VOC was first reported in India in December of 2020 and has since affected approximately 130 different countries and regions. Herein, the spatiotemporal spread of the Delta VOC during April to July 2021 in 20 selected countries with available data were analyzed. The prevalence of the Delta VOC sequences was maintained at low levels in the beginning of April, increased rapidly in the following 3 months and is now becoming the predominant viral strain in most regions of the world. We also discuss the effects of the Delta VOC on transmissibility, clinical severity and vaccine effectiveness according to the latest data. The Delta VOC has greater transmissibility and risk of hospitalization than the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strains and the other three VOCs. The Delta VOC places partially or unvaccinated sub-populations at high risk. Currently authorized vaccines, regardless of vaccine type, still have reliable effectiveness against symptomatic infections and hospitalizations due to the Delta VOC.
A comparative study of the effect of cellulose-based deep coating and pulp refining on the structural and mechanical properties of paper
Authors: Krysztof Marta , Olejnik Konrad , Kulpiński Piotr , Erdman Aleksandra , Sąsiadek Elżbieta
Published: August 2021

A new coating method was developed, based on cellulose regenerated from an N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) solution applied to paper. In particular, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the “deep coating” method using cellulose regenerated from NMMO solution and the classic pulp refining process as methods to improve paper mechanical properties and overall quality. The “deep coating” name comes from the fact that the coating process is combined with subsequent heating of the coating before its final solidification. As a result of this operation, deep penetration of the cellulosic solution into the paper structure occurs. This increases the contact surface of the solution with the cellulosic fibers, which increases the strength properties of the paper structure. It was found that the cellulosic coating increased the apparent density of the paper, the tensile strength, the elongation, the resistance to bursting, and the double fold number. However, the coating also decreased the air permeability and the tear resistance of the paper samples. Despite some technological difficulties, this method could be an attractive solution in the case of a need for additional functionalization of a paper structure.
Accurate and automated detection of surface knots on sawn timbers using YOLO-V5 model
Authors: Fang Yiming , Guo Xianxin , Chen Kun , Zhou Zhu , Ye Qing
Published: August 2021

Knot detection is a challenging problem for the wood industry. Traditional methodologies depend heavily on the features selected manually and therefore were not always accurate due to the variety of knot appearances. This paper proposes an automated framework for addressing the aforementioned problem by using the state-of-the-art YOLO-v5 (the fifth version of You Only Look Once) detector. The features of surface knots were learned and extracted adaptively, and then the knot defects were identified accurately even though the knots vary in terms of color and texture. The proposed method was compared with YOLO-v3 SPP and Faster R-CNN on two datasets. Experimental results demonstrated that YOLO-v5 model achieved the best performance for detecting surface knot defects. F-Score on Dataset 1 was 91.7% and that of Dataset 2 was up to 97.7%. Moreover, YOLO-v5 has clear advantages in terms of training speed and the size of the weight file. These advantages made YOLO-v5 more suitable for the detection of surface knots on sawn timbers and potential for timber grading.
Natural cellulosic material characteristics: A possibility to develop antimicrobial active fiber-based packaging
Authors: Parichanon Prangthip , Matan Nirundorn , Limbo Sara , D'Incecco Paolo , Matan Narumol
Published: August 2021

Coconut husk, rubberwood sawdust, and palm leaf base are cellulosic agricultural wastes that have potential to be processed to fiber as absorbing material. This study investigated characteristics (morphological, physiological properties, chemical composition, absorption capacity, and water absorption isotherms) of coconut, rubberwood, and palm fiber. Also, the study aimed to develop an antimicrobial sachet packaging to resist against foodborne pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli) by adding lime oil (LO) emulsion or Litsea cubeba (LC) oil at 50 to 700 µL into the material (1 g) before, and then dried and placed in the 1-L seal box. Results showed that among the three, coconut performed the best in terms of releasing the essential oil (EO) emulsion against bacteria. Coconut could adsorb and release volatile LO or LC at the lowest concentrations (LO, 500 µL/L; LC, 300 µL/L) to inhibit bacteria compared with the other fibers (700 µL/L) at 35 °C. Results indicated that coconut has a low water absorption rate, which influenced the faster adsorption of EO emulsion in the beginning of the process; therefore, using low concentrations of EO in coconut for bacterial inhibition is possible. Coconut contains 34.5% lignin, 68.7% holocellulose, 37.6% cellulose, and 31.2% hemicellulose. Coconut is suitable as an alternative to the biocomposite material in developing a new antimicrobial packaging design.
Optimizing methods to characterize caffeic, ferulic, and chlorogenic acids in Salicornia sinus-persica and Salicornia bigelovii extracts by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Authors: Cybulska Iwona , Zembrzuska Joanna , Brudecki Grzegorz , Hedegaard Thomsen Mette
Published: August 2021

Three types of phenolic acids (caffeic, ferulic, and chlorogenic acid) were identified and quantified in two halophytic plants (Salicornia bigelovii and Salicornia sinus-persica). Analysis was performed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) system via the standard addition method. The matrix effect (ME), recovery efficiency (RE), and process efficiency (PE) parameters were evaluated for S. bigelovii extracts, which revealed a strong ME on the ionization of the three acids. The matrix had little to no effect on the extraction step for all samples. The quantitation results revealed that S. bigelovii was more abundant in the acids analyzed (total of 319.2 µg/g dry water extract) when compared to S. sinus-persica (117.2 µg/g dry water extract), and chlorogenic acid was the dominant component. The extractives content was high in both plants, representing over 35% of the dry plant weight. All the extracts exhibited antioxidant activity toward both DPPH and ABTS radicals at levels comparable to other medicinal plants.
Armed Conflict and Early Childhood Development in 12 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Goto Ryunosuke , Frodl Thomas , Skokauskas Norbert
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES

Despite 1 in 10 children being affected by armed conflicts, there is limited evidence on the effects of conflicts on early childhood development (ECD), an important Sustainable Development Goals indicator. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between exposure to conflicts and ECD.

METHODS

We conducted a multinational observational study using population-based data on 27 538 children 36 to 59 months old from Demographic and Health Surveys from 12 low- and middle-income countries merged with prospective data on conflicts from Uppsala Conflict Data Program. We estimated the association between 1 to 5 consecutive years of exposure to conflicts within 50 km and ECD after inverse probability of treatment weighting. Mediators of the relationship between conflicts and ECD were identified. We also estimated the association between conflicts and individual domains of ECD.

RESULTS

Exposure to conflicts was associated with a 5.9% decrease (95% confidence interval −7.5% to −4.3%) in the probability of a child being developmentally on track from the first year of exposure. This was compounded after the second year, with 5 consecutive years of exposure associated with a 10.4% decrease in the probability of a child being developmentally on track (95% confidence interval −13.7% to −7.2%). A lack of access to early childhood education was a significant mediator into the fifth year of exposure. Among individual ECD domains, socioemotional development was disproportionately impaired.

CONCLUSIONS

Exposure to nearby conflicts is associated with an increased probability of delayed ECD, especially with chronic exposure. Children in affected areas should be provided psychosocial support and early childhood education from an early stage.
Additive manufacturing of high-strength multiphase nanostructures in the binary Ni–Nb system for the discovery of new types of superalloys
Authors: Jones M. R. , DelRio F. W. , Pegues J. W. , Lu P. , Puckett R. , Bobbitt N. S. , Hardin T. J. , Chandross M. , Kustas A. B. , Argibay N.
Published: August 2021

Ni-based superalloys have been studied extensively due to their impressive mechanical properties, including strength and creep resistance at high temperatures. Growing interest surrounding additive manufacturing (AM) methods has led to recent investigations of alloys that are traditionally difficult to process, including Ni-based superalloys. Recent work has shown that AM methods enable high-throughput materials discovery and optimization of difficult- or impractical-to-process alloys, including those with high or even majority refractory element compositions. This work focuses on AM-enabled investigations of composition-dependent mechanical and microstructural properties for Ni–Nb binary alloys. Specifically, we report on the mechanical behavior of compositionally-graded NixNb1−x and uniform composition Ni59.5Nb40.5 specimens made with AM. The AM fabrication process resulted in extraordinarily high strength, attributed to the formation of a dual-phase microstructure consisting of δ-Ni3Nb and µ-Ni6Nb7 intermetallic compounds with nanostructured and multimodal grain size and eutectic lamellar spacing.

Graphic Abstract
Teoria das Representações Sociais e Racionalidades Distintas: Tensionamentos e Sínteses Entre a Ciência e o Senso Comum
Authors: Nóbrega Danielle Oliveira da , Andrade Erika Dos Reis Gusmão
Published: August 2021

O texto em tela objetiva discutir as relações entre os saberes do universo científico e aqueles do senso comum, tendo como norte as construções teóricas da Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS), com destaque à abordagem dialógica. Parte-se dos escritos de Serge Moscovici, buscando tecer relações entre suas motivações para a proposição da TRS e a defesa de uma racionalidade atinente aos conhecimentos cotidianos. Busca-se, através do resgate de autores da TRS que evidenciam o caráter sócio genético, dinâmico e dialógico das representações sociais, traçar diferenças entre esses conhecimentos, todavia, sem considerá-los de forma estanque e distanciada. Reflete-se, por fim, sobre a pertinência da epistemologia dialógica das representações sociais para a superação das dicotomias entre esses saberes, destacando o papel da comunicação nesse processo.
Globalit, Inc.; or, The Cultural Logic of Global Literary Studies
Authors: Baucom Ian
Published: August 2021

“Charter'd Companies may indeed be the form the world has now increasingly begun to take,” announces Charles Mason in Thomas Pynchon's 1997 novelMason and Dixon.Taking that cryptic comment as a starting point and drawing on Giovanni Arrighi's account of the recurrent organization of capital by metropolitan “spaces-of-flows,” this essay investigates what it might mean for Mason's comment to be true of both his late-eighteenth-century moment and the late-twentieth-century moment of the novel's publication and asks what such a reading of the “form [of] the world” implies for contemporary attempts to rethink literary study under the sign of the global. The essay offers “laws” of such a global form (expansion contracts, contraction enriches, enrichment haunts) and deploys them to read the two modes of globalized literary study that have achieved dominance of late: global literary study as method and as project—the key method in question understood here as a type of global historicism and the key project as the appeal to reconfigure literary study as the study of something called global literature.
The Seducer as Friend: The Disappearance of Sex as a Sign of Conquest inLes liaisons dangereuses
Authors: Marlan Dawn
Published: August 2021

Lex liaisons dangereusesneither celebrates pure cynicism nor confirms Rousseauesque sentiment. Instead, the problem that this novel traces takes the form of a question: how is it possible to reconcile the desire for power, in the form of seduction, with the desire to overcome power in friendship? The answer to this question is embedded in the relationship between Valmont and Merteuil, who develop a new model for friendship, one that is merged with seduction. Because sex does not turn out to be a sign of conquest in the relationship between seducers, conquest can begin to operate invisibly.Les liaisons dangereusespoints toward the emergence of a new representational possibility—that of invisible conquest—in the literary history of seduction.
Elegant Tom Dillar
Authors: Briggs Charles Frederick , Browner Stephanie P.
Published: August 2021

Written by charles frederick briggs and published in the may 1853 issue ofPutnam's monthlywhile Briggs was an editor there, “Elegant Tom Dillar” mediates a persistent tension in United States culture between working-class nationalism and highbrow culture. As a cofounder and coeditor ofPutnam's, Briggs must have negotiated this tension often as he made managerial decisions at the magazine, which promised quality native literature, earned “unparalleled respect” in the literary and publishing world, and delivered some of the best American writing of the century. On the one hand, Briggs was a cultural nationalist. He supported copyright legislation, he repeatedly lampoonedHarper'sfor its use of pilfered English material, and he enthusiastically endorsed the magazine's policy of publishing only original American work. On the other hand, as a former conscience Whig, he condemned annexation and the extension of slavery, valued elite culture, and was wary of jingoistic nationalism that could be used to foment working-class resentment.
Authorship and Autography
Authors: North Michael
Published: August 2021

The Single Most Influential Contemporary Statement on Authorship is Still the Obituary that Roland Barthes pronounced over thirty years ago (Burke,Death19). Partly by the stark extremity of its title, Barthes's essay “The Death of the Author” transformed New Critical distaste for the biographical into an ontological conviction about the status of language (Burke,Death16) and in so doing made the dead author far more influential than living authors had been for some time. If authorship is now a subject of contention in the academy rather than a vulgar embarrassment, it is largely because of the way that Barthes inflated the issue in the very act of dismissing it. Though the idea that “it is language which speaks, not the author,” seems to demote the human subject (“Death” 143), it may also promote the written word, and it has been objected from the beginning, by Michel Foucault first of all, that the notion ofécriture“has merely transposed the empirical characteristics of an author to a transcendental anonymity” (Foucault 120). Many later critics have agreed, and thus there have been a series of arguments, from the theoretical (Burke,Death) to the empirical (Stillinger), to the effect that the whole post-Saussurean turn exemplified by Barthes has not so much killed off the concept of the author as raised it to a higher plane of abstraction. But it may be that, approached from another angle, Barthes's essay will turn out to have its own relation to certain social and technological developments, and that these, in their turn, will help to situate the death of the author as a historical phenomenon.
A Phantom Discipline
Authors: Chow Rey
Published: August 2021

In the academic study of cinema, as in other kinds of academic discourses, one of the most commonly encountered questions these days tends to be some version of the following: Where in this discipline am I? How come I am not represented? What does it mean for me and my group to be represented in this manner? What does it mean for me and my group to have been made invisible? These questions pertain, of course, to the urgency and prevalence of the politics of identification, to the relation between representational forms and their articulation of subjective histories and locations. This is one reason the study of cinema, like the study of literature and history, has become increasingly caught up in the study of group cultures: every group (be it defined by nation, class, race, ethnicity, or sexual orientation), it seems, produces a local variant of the universal that is cinema, requiring critics thus to engage with the specificities of particular collectivities even as they talk about the generalities of the filmic apparatus. According to one report, for instance, at the Society of Cinema Studies Annual Conference of 1998, “nearly half the over four hundred papers (read from morning to night in nine rooms) treated the politics of representing ethnicity, gender, and sexuality” (Andrew 348).' Western film studies, as Christine Gledhill and Linda Williams write, currently faces its own “impending dissolution […] in […] transnational theorization” (Introduction 1). How did this state of affairs arise?
Dr. Strange Media; or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Film Theory
Authors: Rodowick D. N.
Published: August 2021

Imagine that you are a young sociologist working around 1907. On your daily ride to the university, you witness an explosion of nickelodeons along the trolley route. They seem to operate continuously, day and night, and it is rare not to see a queue outside their doors. Because your children spend an extravagant amount of time and money unsupervised within their walls and exhibit an extraordinary and sometimes incomprehensible fascination with the characters presented there and the people who play them, perhaps you have gone inside to see a photoplay or two. How can you comprehend, despite the breadth and depth of your knowledge, that an entirely new medium and an important industry are being created that, in many respects, will come to define the visual culture of the twentieth century?
The Feel of Not to Feel It
Authors: Rzepka Charles J.
Published: August 2021

At one Minute to Midnight on New Year's EVE 1999, my Wife and I Were Eating Goat Curry on South Andaman island, in the Bay of Bengal. Our motel had set up card tables for buffet diners—Americans, Europeans, and Indians—on a dilapidated tennis court. Nearby stood a large glittering display that read, “Feel 2000 Very Happy New Year.” We had come to India the week before to visit my son, Adam, in the Himalayan village of Dharamsala, home to the Tibetan government in exile. Adam was studying the recent emergence of a Tibetan secular literature, the New Writing that had sprung up in response to Tibet's dual encounter with Maoist China and the exigencies of deracination. He discovered on arrival that, since his last visit, several New Writers had left for places like London and Indianapolis. In serendipitous coincidence with the new millennium, New Writing had just completed its first period of growth and was beginning its diaspora.
Umbilical Cord Prolapse and Evaluation of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: SİMSEK Deniz , CANSEVEN Elif , ALTEKİN Yasin
Published: August 2021

Aim

Umbilical cord prolapse(UCP) is the presence of the umbilical cord preceding ahead of the fetal presenting part with absent membranes through the cervical canal. Delayed delivery can even cause stillbirth. Despite improved obstetric care and liberal use of cesarean delivery, the incidence has not been decreased dramatically. The purpose of this study was to review the literature about umbilical cord prolapse and represent clinical experience to improve neonatal outcomes.

Material and Method

A retrospective cohort study was conducted between October 2016-December 2019. Patients who experienced UCP were evaluated in terms of antenatal care, risk factors for UCP, labor progress, and neonatal outcomes.Maternal and neonatal outcomes of these patients were compared with the women who underwent emergent cesarean delivery due to acute fetal distress(AFD).

Results

Forty-three pregnant women experienced UCP with an incidence of 11/10.000.The diagnosis was achieved by palpating the umbilical cord during the vaginal examination after detecting fetal bradycardia, severe deceleration or loss of reactivity in the Non-Stress Test. In two cases umbilical cord had seen in the vaginal introitus.The mean cervical dilatation of the patients was 5,4 cm.

The number of women who underwent emergent cesarean, recruited in the study was 255. The APGAR scores were similar.

Conclusion

Emergent cesarean delivery could improve neonatal outcomes in patients diagnosed with UCP. Fetal wellbeing monitorization, especially in the one hour from rupture of fetal membranes, provides remarkable clues for UCP diagnosis. To improve neonatal outcomes, there should be one available operating theatre for emergent circumstances and a pediatrician for neonatal resuscitation.
CagA Positive Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Coronary Atherosclerosis: Discriminative value of lymphocyte to mean platelet volume ratio.
Authors: ŞENSOY Barış , SENSOY Nur Ozer
Published: August 2021

Aim: Potent combined and long-term antithrombotic therapies that predispose to gastric injury are the mainstay of treatment in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Severe chronic gastric mucosal inflammation due to the Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) infection was shown to be associated with higher peripheral blood lymphocytes and lower blood mean platelet volume (MPV) levels. We aimed to investigate the discriminative usefulness of blood lymphocyte to MPV ratio as a simple premise marker for CagA positive H. Pylori infection before the required advanced diagnostic tests in patients with coronary arterial disease (CAD).
Materials and Methods: A total of 293 patients’ who had undergone elective and urgent coronary angiography due to CAD were included in the study. Serologic H. pylori infection status and hematological parameters were determined. Two groups were compared according to CagA serology status. Confounding factors were adjusted by propensity score matching and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: Rates of ACS, male gender, diabetes mellitus, family history of CAD, current smoking and lymphocyte to MPV ratio were higher in seropositive patients according to seronegative patients (p < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the lymphocyte to MPV ratio at a cut-off point of 165 had 71% sensitivity and 60% specificity for discriminating patients with positive H. pylori serology (AUC = 0.71, p < 0.0001). Lymphocyte to MPV ratio was independently associated with positive H. Pylori serology.
Conclusion: Lymphocyte to MPV ratio can be helpful for discriminating CagA positive H pylori infected CAD patients requiring advanced confirmatory tests.
Comparison of Isokinetic Muscle Function and Anaerobic Exercise Capacity in the Knee According to Kukki Taekwondo Training Type
Authors: Kang Jonghyeon , Park Jusik , Johnson John Arthur
Published: August 2021

Introduction: This study’s purpose was to measure and compare isokinetic muscle function and anaerobic exercise capacity of knee joints according to the three Kukki Taekwondo competition types. Methods: A total of 21 elite Korean male poomsae (forms), gyorugi (sparring), and demonstration athletes majoring in Taekwondo were selected as the subjects of the study. Subjects’ physical fitness levels were measured using standardized strength, endurance, agility, balance, and flexibility tests. In particular, the isokinetic muscle function measurement system was used to measure the muscle function of subjects’ knee joints, and the Wingate test was used to measure their anaerobic exercise ability. Results: Gyorugi athletes showed better results than their poomsae and demonstration counterparts in nearly all metrics, including body composition, physical fitness factors, isokinetic muscle function (60°/sec), muscle power (180°/sec), and anaerobic exercise capacity. Gyorugi athletes were also taller and showed higher muscle mass, strength, muscular endurance, and agility. However, poomsae athletes showed a higher level of flexibility. The results found isokinetic muscle function and anaerobic exercise capacity of the knee joint to be most important for gyorugi athletes and then for demonstration and poomsae athletes, in that order. Conclusions: This study provides useful information needed to identify the physical fitness factors of the different Kukki Taekwondo athletes, and, in turn, it is may serve as important fundamental data for developing future systematic Taekwondo training programs.
The Effect of Lumbar Erector Spinae Muscle Endurance Exercise on Perceived Low-back Pain in Older Adults
Authors: Tufail Muhammad , Lee Haebin , Moon Yang Gyu , Kim Hwang , Kim KwanMyung
Published: August 2021

This study investigates changes in lumbar erector spinae (LES) muscle endurance, perceived low-back pain (LBP), and perceived exercise fatigue in older adults, and analyzes the trends of these changes during a 5-week lumbar exercise. Sixteen older adults with LBP were equally and randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group with incline-standing and the control group with the level-standing positions. They were separately treated with lumbar exercise tasks and 10 seconds of muscle endurance tests using surface electromyography (sEMG). There was a trend of changes in both groups. The exercise tasks led to increase LES muscle endurance in the experimental group (53.7%) and the control group (45.4%) and decrease perceived LBP score significantly with the incline-standing position. There was no significant difference between the two groups in perceived exercise fatigue (p>0.05). Trunk flexion and extension with an incline-standing position can be an effective method to increase LES muscle endurance and reduce LBP in older adults.
Associations between the occurrence of the ACTN3 R577X, ACE I/D, BDKRB2 +9/-9 polymorphisms and anaerobic performance among a group of elite fencers
Authors: Balko Iva , Balko Stefan , Petr Miroslav , Heidler Josef , Benesova Lucie , Kohlikova Eva
Published: August 2021

Introduction: This research aims to detect possible associations between the ACTN3 R577X, ACE I/D, BDKRB2 +9/-9 genetic polymorphisms, and selected anaerobic performance indicators among elite and sub-elite fencers. Methods: The sample of participants included a group of 20 fencers (males, age 25.5 ± 6.9 years; height 185.1 ± 5.8; weight 78.3 ± 9.8). We obtained genotype analysis for selected polymorphisms (ACTN3 R577X, ACE I/D, BDKRB2 +9/-9) through buccal swabs. 30-second Wingate test was used for the anaerobic performance where the following variables were monitored: the maximal anaerobic performance – Pmax [W], the anaerobic capacity – AnC [kJ], the total number of revolutions – TR [n], the peak blood lactate concentration – LApeak [mmol·l-1]. Results: Within ACTN3 R577X polymorphism, no differences were found in the observed variables between genotypes. However, ACE I/D heterozygotes reached higher Pmax, AnC, and LApeak values than homozygotes. Furthermore, BDKRB2 +9/-9 polymorphism homozygotes with -9 allele reached higher Pmax and AnC values than homozygotes with +9 allele. No statistical differences were found in all monitored variables between genotypes of monitored polymorphisms. Conclusions: The research findings might serve as another useful piece of knowledge related to the existing statements in the field of genetics, focusing on speed-strength performance problems. It should be highlighted that current studies are only the first steps in helping us better understand the associations between genetic factors and performance in sports.
MANDİBULA METASTAZI İLE TANI ALAN NADİR BİR METASTATİK BERRAK HÜCRELİ RENAL HÜCRELİ KARSİNOM OLGUSU
Authors: DURAK Özlem , BAŞPINAR Şirin , YÜCEER Ramazan Oğuz , KOÇER Gülperi
Published: August 2021

Renal hücreli karsinomların oral kaviteye metastazı

oldukça nadirdir. Burada mandibulada berrak hücreli

renal hücreli karsinom metastazı olan 77 yaşındaki

erkek olgu sunulacak ve baş boyun bölgesinde görülen

primer ve metastatik tümörlerin ayırıcı tanısı tartışılacaktır.
DIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE OF THE CARHART NOTCH IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: BİLGİN Ergin , DİNÇ Aykut Erdem , ŞEVİK ELİÇORA Sultan , ERDEM Duygu , ALATAŞ Semih
Published: August 2021

Objective

The false sensorineural loss caused by otosclerosis

due to stapes fixation is known as the Carhart notch.

To examine the changes in air-bone gap (ABG)

and bone-conduction (BC) hearing thresholds by

comparing the preoperative and postoperative

audiometry results in patients with chronic otitis media

(COM), to investigate the effects of air conduction

(AC) on BC, to determine the effects of postoperative

improvement in AC on BC, to detect the presence

of the Carhart notch in COM, and to determine the

effects of surgery on the Carhart notch.

Material and Methods

A total of 104 patients who underwent type 1

tympnoplasty between January 2012 - March 2017

in our clinic were included in this retrospective study.

Parameters measured during the preoperative and

postoperative sixth month audiometric evaluation

comprised AC hearing thresholds at the frequencies

of 250-8,000 Hz, BC hearing thresholds at 500-4,000

Hz, and ABG values at 500-4,000 Hz intervals.

Results

Before surgery, the Carhart notch was present in

46 (44.2%) of the 104 patients. Postoperatively, the

Carhart notch was observed to have been corrected

in 25 (54.3%) of these patients (p=0.029).

Conclusion

After tympanoplasty, significant improvement in ABG

may lead to improvement in BC at 2,000 Hz in COM

cases with an intact and mobile ossicular chain. The

Carhart notch may also be present in COM.
Comparative analysis of coating modalities for producing high resolution textured micrographs v2
Authors: Mentor Shireen , Cummings Franscious , Fisher David
Published: August 2021

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides a technical platform for nanoscopic mapping of biological structures. Correct preparation of SEM samples can provide an unprecedented understanding of the nexus between cellular morphology and topography. This comparative study critically analyses two coating methods for investigating biological samples utilizing scanning electron microscopy. Biological material is often non-conducting, thermally sensitive and fragile and, therefore, needs to be fixed correctly and coated with thin conducting metal. This study aimed to compare biological sample coating modalities employed in the visualizing and analysis of texturized, membranous ultrastructures. The experimental model employed immortalized mouse brain endothelial cells (b.End5). The topographical structures of developing endothelial cells (ECs) were explored at high definition utilizing SEM as a tool to investigate the ultrastructural dynamics of membrane differentiation during monolayer development. Cell monolayers were prepared using two coating modalities, namely: carbon and gold:palladium (Au:Pd) sputter coating. SEM produced three-dimensional micrographs from which useful topographical cellular data could be extrapolated. We report on the novel ultrastructural membranous features of b.End5 cells. Furthermore, nanostructures were observably secreted on the BEC plasma membrane and are the nexus between direct cell-to-cell communication and cell monolayer development. The two coating methods display distinct differences in the topographical profile of developing BEC cytoarchitecture. SEM provides a glimpse of the ultrastructural behaviour of a differentiating cell surface topography. This study illuminates the relationship between generating highly definitive images and the appropriate coating method. The micrographical data suggests that Au:Pd sputter-coated samples generate descript imagery, providing useful information for profiling membrane nanostructures.
mIHC staining (OHSU, Coussens' lab) SOP (TMA_TNP) v1
Authors: Betts Courtney , Coussens Lisa , Sivagnanam Shamilene , Betre Konjit
Published: August 2021

This protocol describes multiplex immunohistochemical staining of human FFPE tissues. A staining "cycle" is defined as being one heat-mediated antigen retrieval step followed by either 1 or 2 or 3 staining "rounds". A "round" is defined as protein block, primary antibody incubation, secondary antibody incubation, chromogen development, whole slide scanning (visualization), and chromogen removal (with alcohol). If 2+ antibodies are used within a cycle a HRP inactivation step is used between rounds in order to block any chromogen development from the first round from contributing to signal in the second round. The multiple rounds in a single cycle must use antibodies produced in different species, i.e. rabbit and mouse, in order to ensure single target chromogen amplification.