bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balkan and Ukrainian Experience of Cultural Heritage Protection and Preservation during Military Operations
Authors:   National University ", Ivanova Oleksandra ,   Kyiv-Mohyla Academy"
Published: March 2024

This essay is devoted to comparing the experiences of countries that have experienced wars on their territories and whose cultural heritage has undergone large-scale destruction. We tried to analyze what steps have been taken for conservation, protection and restoration of heritage in the Balkans and how we can use this experience in Ukraine. Since Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the impact on the archaeological heritage of Ukraine has been devastating countless precious objects and sites have been damaged or destroyed and museums looted. This is one of the innumerable aspects of the Russian war, which has direct consequences for the heritage of all mankind, and such consequences have already occurred in the world in the past. During the conflict in the Balkans, during the war in Afghanistan, during the war in Iraq and in Syria. The task of this work is to take a look on the international legislation of cultural heritage protection, to draw attention to the experience of the Balkan countries in the protection and monitoring of cultural heritage during military operations, compare the foreign experience with the Ukrainian one, understand which methods we can use, and which, on the contrary, are different. Key words: Balkans, Ukraine, cultural heritage, protection of monuments, war.
Organic Concept in Rolf-Dieter Arens’s Piano Teaching Strategy
Authors: Yonathan Aylwin
Published: March 2024

Rolf-Dieter Arens is a distinguished and revered musical figure with a career spanning more than fifty years as a concert pianist, chamber musician, and educator. His innovative teachings have influenced professional pianists, teachers, and students worldwide. The purpose of this study is to document and explain Arens’s distinct piano teaching approach. Data collection methods were participant observation, interviews with students and communication with Arens. Arens’ teaching strategies involve ideas such as the establishment of goals, modelling, listening, visualisation, deconstruction of the musical structure, and subdivision support. However, a major distinction in Arens’s teaching as compared to others is the notion that techniques and artistic interpretation are a holistic unit and are taught simultaneously rather than compartmentally is common. Another major aspect of Arens’s teaching approach involves what is called the “organic” flow which is an understanding of how the musical structure should regulate the artistic and technical decisions for performance. This study provides a substantial guide and reference to pianists and pedagogues who wish to expand their perspectives in the process of music-making as well as improve their teaching and performance techniques.
The Mutual Influence between Asian Cultures and American Minimalist Music: An Essential Channel for Aesthetic Exchange
Authors: Ho Ang-Cheng Kris , Pastor Fernando Martin
Published: March 2024

This research aims to show the mutual influence between Asian cultures and American minimalist music. This cultural exchange that started with John Cage, before continuing with Toru Takemitsu and then, Tan Dun, has been a fruitful channel of communication for new compositions in both continents. The paper explores the close connection between early minimalist composers (Reich, Glass, La Monte Young, and Terry Riley) and Asian music and philosophies (Zen Buddhism and Spirituality) as well as some of the ramifications of these traditions over the past five decades. The concept of minimalism was first applied in the arts as a return to simplicity, in tune with Asian philosophies. For some artists, the practice was already present in Asian arts before it appeared in the West. The minimalistic endeavour starts with the experimental works of Cage and Feldman; followed by the movement “Fluxus”. This coincided with what is often considered early minimalism, leading to the great variety of styles and mix of compositional techniques employed by current Asian composers influenced by American minimalism. This paper also analyses the use of minimalism in the Western and Asian curriculum.
Slendro Culture, Balungan Concept, and Inner Melody of Jawatimuran Karawitan
Authors: Setiawan Aris
Published: March 2024

This study aims to reveal the development and distribution of the slendro tuning and analyze the concept of balungan gending and the inner melody of gending in Jawatimuran karawitan. It became essential to do as an effort to build a scientific milestone in Jawatimuran karawitan. This study uses the participant method, which is an effort to involve the researcher in the study he is studying thoroughly. In-depth observations and active interviews were carried out so that the data obtained from the participant method could continue to be contextualized with reality. The researcher tries to place the resource person as a speaking subject, not a passive object. As a result, apart from Malang, almost all Jawatimuran karawitan cultures use slendro gamelan with a unique side and distinctive character. The concept of balungan gending and the inner melody result in the gendings in Jawatimuran karawitan having complex musicality dynamics, in contrast to other musical styles, Surakarta and Yogyakarta, for example.
Development of Authentic Assessment Instrument for Improving Extensive Capacity of Metacognitive Perspective
Authors: Fathurohman Irfai , Cahyaningsih Riyan Dwi
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out the authentic assessment instrument factors in the ability to read English extensively from a metacognitive perspective. The study was designed with an instrument of developmental research design. The developmental research design refers to the research development proposed by Mardapi. The modification model of the Mardapi instrument development was carried out through three stages, i.e., preliminary stages, development stage and evaluation stage. The results of this study through exploratory factor analysis showed that there were three factors derived from 24 statement items. The loading factor value for each item in each factor is ˃ 0.3 which means that the whole item is valid. Based on the Alpha Cronbach reliability test it was obtained a value of 0.954, the instrument was declared reliable. The conclusion shows an authentic assessment instrument of extensive reading ability in English through metacognitive strategies for PBSI FKIP UMK students was proven to be valid, reliable and feasible to use. Authentic assessment instruments can improve the English reading skills of PBSI FKIP UMK students through a learning process that puts forward an approach according to the characteristics of each student.
An Appraisal of the Attitudes and Achievement Motivation of Arab Postgraduate Students Towards the Learning of the English Language in Selected Malaysian Public Universities
Authors: Idris Mariam Oluwatoyin , Yusuf Muhammed , Mohd Hanif Mohd Hafis , Adekunle Salisu Monsuru , Kayode Bakare Kazeem
Published: March 2024

Motivation and Attitude, being linked frequently to actual classroom studying situations, are very significant and crucial contributing elements within the second language learning process. The role of attitude and motivation in the acquisition of foreign languages has been a major concern to foreign language researchers. Attitude and motivation are known as essential and distinctive thoughts in social sciences. They have as well maintained their position as a central concept on the field. Attitude is an essential part of understanding human behaviour and it is considered as a mental state that includes feelings and beliefs. In this systematic review, the researchers explain the concept of attitude and its models, attitudes and language acquisition, and achievement motivation and its theories. The review of related literature shows that Arab postgraduate students have some positive attitudes towards the learning of the English Language and are also motivated towards the learning of the English Language.
Online Formative Assessment in Higher STEM Education; A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Mahanan Mangai Solomon , Abdul Talib Corrienna , Ibrahim Nor Hasniza
Published: March 2024

Online formative assessment in higher education Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) is gaining attention in recent years based on the increasing use of online learning. This study, aimed at critically reviewing studies on online formative assessment in Higher education STEM between 2011 to 2020. The study adopted a qualitative research design to analyze studies based on specific themes. 1402 articles were systematically searched through Scopus, web of science, and google scholar databases. However, only 12 studies were included in this study after satisfying the inclusion criteria. All data analyses were done using the Endnote X9 reference manager. The findings reveal that, evidence about online tools used, theories used in the learning and assessment process, the domain of learning outcome assessed, assessment of practical skills, and form of assessment used have been implicitly described. However, the online formative assessments have shown great potential of yielding immediate feedback. Therefore, future studies can engage in a more extensive study on areas such as online assessment tools for assessing practical skills and strategies that can enhance the effectiveness of online formative assessment which encompasses all domains of learning outcome within STEM higher education.
Effects of the Wall-Faced Seating Arrangement Strategy on the Behavioural Patterns of the Students in the Architecture Thesis Design Studio
Authors: Tafahomi Rahman
Published: March 2024

The results of the exercise on the Wall-Faced seating arrangement in an architecture thesis design studio reveal the positive effects on the progress, concentration, and design of the students. The seating arrangement encouraged the students for more design products and development through increase the sense of competition. The seating arrangement changed the concentration of the students from the central part of the studio as a location for social interaction toward the drawing board as the learning target of the studio with more concentration on the drawing boards. The seating arrangement changes the concentration from the people in the studio as subject to the drawing board and design development as the object. In the new seating from the level of the collaboration between the students enhanced and the students communicated consistency to enhance the level of the design project in the studio. The research findings reveal that the students present five behavioural patterns in the design studio in the seating arrangement including collaborative, individual, separated, isolated, and disruptive. The level of collaboration, sharing of design ideas, and design development in collaborative behaviour are sufficient and effective although the level fades out in the other behavioural patterns.
The implementation of CEFR in ESL Learning: Why does it matter to the Malaysian Education System?
Authors: Wok Zaki Azurawati , Darmi Ramiaida
Published: March 2024

Implementing the Common European Framework or CEFR in English as a Second Language learning in the Malaysian education system is the focus of this paper. CEFR is a generally established international standard for depicting language proficiency. It is also extensively recognised in Europe and is becoming more widely accepted globally; it is now incorporated into the Malaysian education system. The CEFR provides thorough descriptions of what foreign or second language learners can perform in listening, speaking, reading, and writing at six proficiency levels. Thus the methodology used in this paper is qualitative through review documents specifically on past studies from 2015 to 2021 highlighting CEFR implementation. This study aims to answer two research questions; what are the importance of implementation of CEFR in the Malaysian ESL classroom, and how CEFR can be implemented in classroom assessment in the Malaysian ESL classroom. The findings related to the first aim indicate that the CEFR is important for the needs of the international standard framework, benchmarking, alignment, and calibration. The findings also show that CEFR assists teachers in monitoring students' development in ESL classrooms. This article will also examine the history of the CEFR's implementation in the Malaysian education system and its influence on the curriculum, teaching and learning, and assessment. Then, the descriptors of CEFR in all four primary language skills, learning, speaking, listening, reading, and writing, will be briefly discussed before moving on to implementing the CEFR in classroom assessment. By the end of this paper, the recommendations for future study in implementing CEFR in the Malaysian ESL classroom will be proposed.
The Need for Competencies Required by Vocational and Technical Educators for Quality of Job Performance in Technical Vocational Education
Authors: Izekor Agbonsalo Irenegbe , Ojeaga Joy Ibhade
Published: March 2024

The study investigated vocational educators’ competencies required for job performance. Four questions gave credence to the study, and one reasonable guess. A descriptive survey design was adopted. A population of 127 vocational and technical educators’ participated in the study. Cronbach alpha technique was used for reliability coefficients of 0.84. The questionnaire was validated by three experts. Mean and standard deviation answered the research questions, while a t-test was used for the hypothesis at an alpha level of 5 percent. The finding revealed that vocational and technical educators require pedagogical, problem solving, and internet networking competencies to a very high extent for their job performance, and vocational and technical educators’ competencies were not influenced by gender. As such, the null hypothesis was rejected. It was therefore recommended that pedagogical, problem-solving and internet networking competencies contained in this study be embedded in vocational and technical education curriculum, as they are very critical for job performance in today’s digitalized and competitive economy.
Experiences and Challenges of Graduates in Open Distance Learning at Ifugao State University, Philippines
Authors: Gonzales Nancy Ann Pawid
Published: March 2024

Open Distance Education (ODE) in the Philippines was institutionalized through Republic Act Number 10650. Ifugao State University started offering distance education in the graduate programs in 2006. The study focused to determine the experiences and challenges of the graduates of the university’s ODE program, and how they hurdled the challenges they encountered as students. The phenomenological method was applied with an unstructured interview guide as a way of gathering data. Follow up questions were asked through online communication among the participants until data saturation. There were 11 graduates coming from Africa, Lao PDR, Ireland, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, United States of America and Vietnam who participated in the study. Data gathered were analyzed and interpreted. Results disclosed that the graduates experienced a very well-designed, learner-centered, research-based, and relevant curricular programs; the instructional delivery mode was innovative, learner-oriented, technology based, and flexible; there was evident cooperation, collaboration and complementation between IFSU and its partners; the professors were excellent, experienced and competent. The challenges encountered by the students were timeframe, research works, deadline, overlapping of schedules and internet problems. These constraints were managed through hard work, planning, dedication and motivation.
Partial Least Square Modeling of Personality Traits and Academic Achievement in Physics
Authors: Oluwadamilare Amusa Jamiu , Ayanwale Musa Adekunle
Published: March 2024

Within the purview of educational settings, students possess some unique traits which make them react in an unexpected manner to the learning environment. Students are not only unique in terms of personality characteristics, family background, age and gender, they also showed diverse states of mind and enthusiastic reactions to the environment. Therefore, this study modelled the Big Five personality traits and academic achievement of students in Lagos State, Nigeria. A non-experimental design of scale development research type was adopted. A sample of 480 senior secondary school III students selected through multi-stage sampling procedure across the education districts 2 of Lagos State. Student’s Personality Traits Scale (SPTS) and Physics Achievement Test (PAT) were deployed to capture the needed data after subjecting them to exploratory factor analysis using the psych package implemented in R programming language and item calibration of Item Response Theory. Data were analysed using Partial Least Square (PLS) path modelling to test the proposed model. Findings showed, there was significant direct positive relationship between the five personality traits and academic achievement in physics with (β= 0.23, t = 1.99, p < 0.05). Also, there was significant negative causal linkage of gender on physics achievement with (β = -0.10, t = 2.02, p < 0.05), although, its moderating effect was insignificant between the two constructs with (β = 0.02, t = 0.75, p > 0.05). Among other recommendations, physics teachers were enjoined to pay due attention to the development of positive traits among their students.
Exploring Students’ Experience on Distance Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bauchi State Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu Umar Ibrahim , Muhammad Umar Isah , Auta Muhammad Adamu , Muhammed Aminu Kawu
Published: March 2024

This study aims to reveal the experiences and obstacles on distance education faced by students during the Covid-19 pandemic in Bauchi State Nigeria. A phenomenological research was adopted for the study through shorter case interview. Ten (10) senior secondary school students were selected through purposeful and snow-ball sampling for the study. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the data collected and highlight key findings. The results indicate that the students views were categorized into positive and negative while the obstacles faced were technical, pedagogical, environment and longing for school. Recommendations were offered to overcome and understand these obstacles to benefit teachers, students and curriculum developers in the future.
Modularizing an Acting Imagination Activity for Malaysian Secondary School Theatre Activities
Authors: Suhaimi Nadhilah , Hussain Chin Lena Farida , Saidon Zaharul Lailiddin
Published: March 2024

The primary aim of this study was to develop an Acting Imagination Activity Module that can effectively augment cognitive capabilities within the context of secondary school theatre co-curricular activities. The development of this activity module is grounded in the incorporation of imagination techniques developed from Stella Adler's Acting Theory, Constructivism Theory, and Richey and Klein's DDR Model. The assessment of the module's usability is carried out over two cycles, applying the Delphi Method. The findings obtained from the needs analysis and literature review suggest a dearth of specialized modules and reference materials employed for theatre co-curricular activities, particularly in the context of acting in Malaysian secondary schools. Moreover, the primary objective of developing and implementing this activity module was to augment students' cognitive capacities, in accordance with the National Education Philosophy and Student Aspirations. The objective of this research was to develop an Acting Imagination Activity Module that prioritizes the utilization of imagination techniques to augment the cognitive capacities of pupils and evaluate the applicability of the Acting Imagination Activity Module as a tool for overseeing theatre co-curricular activities in secondary schools within the context of Malaysia. The incorporation of theatrical elements into educational settings was expected to have a positive impact on the cognitive capacities of students, consequently promoting the cultivation of comprehensive human resources. The goal of this strategy was to foster critical thinking, creativity, innovation, and strong student ambitions, in accordance with the goals outlined in the Malaysian Education Development Plan 2013-2025.
Recruitment Challenges for International Schools in Malaysia
Authors: Leong Sok Yee , Said Hamdan
Published: March 2024

There is a critical need for international schools to attract and retain quality teaching staff to ensure the quality of learning for the students and maintain their competitiveness within a dynamic market. This paper reports the findings of a study that investigates teacher recruitment challenges in international schools in Malaysia. A series of semi-structured interviews involving four management personnel from a sample of international schools revealed six recruitment challenges and five solutions highlighted by the participants to respond to these challenges. Such identification of the challenges and solutions would enable administrators to plan for the talent pipeline of their institutions and prepare for unknown disruptions that might occur in the future. This study offered empirical proof of the administration's difficulties during the hiring process and their solutions. Researchers and human resource managers or practitioners facing comparable recruitment challenges can apply these solutions to entice the top candidates.
Pengaruh Tekanan Akademik, Keyakinan Tingkah Laku Akademik dan Kebimbangan dalam Kalangan Pelajar Universiti
Authors: Ahmad Sa'odah , Abdul Latif Nur Fatihah
Published: March 2024

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti hubungan antara tekanan akademik, keyakinan tingkah laku akademik dan kebimbangan dalam kalangan pelajar universiti. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah bukan eksperimen dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Kaedah tinjauan telah digunakan untuk pengumpulan data. Terdapat 209 pelajar yang terlibat dalam kajian dan mereka telah dipilih melalui persampelan rawak berstrata. Skala Persepsi Tekanan Akademik (PAS) telah digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan akademik, Skala Keyakinan Tingkah Laku Akademik telah digunakan untuk mengukur keyakinan akademik dan Skala Kemurungan, Kebimbangan dan Tekanan (DASS-21) (skala kebimbangan) telah digunakan untuk mengukur tahap kebimbangan pelajar. Hasil kajian menunjukkan majoriti responden mempunyai tekanan akademik tahap sederhana dan keyakinan tingkah laku akademik tahap rendah. Tekanan akademik dan keyakinan tingkah laku akademik didapati mempunyai hubungan yang positif dan sederhana dengan kebimbangan pelajar. Hasil analisis regresi pula menunjukkan tekanan akademik merupakan peramal paling mempengaruhi kebimbangan pelajar. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan bahawa untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan pelajar, sebarang langkah intervensi menangani kebimbangan perlulah memberi perhatian kepada faktor tekanan akademik dan keyakinan tingkah laku akademik.
Dark Triad and Sport Performance among Pakistani Players Mediating Role of Antisocial Behavior: A Conceptual Study
Authors: Nazar Naila , Khalid Nur Haziyanti
Published: March 2024

The study will measure the association between dark triad and sport performance among Pakistani players with mediating role of antisocial behavior. The total sample (N= 495) of Pakistani players will be recruited from an affiliation with a university institute, or club, and national players will be selected in this research. The age range will be 18-35 years of participants. Three instruments will be used to collect the data, Short Dark Triad, and Sport Performance Scale. While in this study Antisocial Behavior Scale will be developed and validated. This study will be conducted in two phases. The phase-1 comprised the exploratory sequential mixed methods research design (tool development) used to explore the domains of antisocial behavior, develop, and validate the antisocial behavior scale. While, phase-2, is quantitative and cross-sectional in nature. The methods and procedures adopted for both phases are given separately. Considering the literature review and objectives of the study, three proposed hypotheses will be tested after the data collection. H1: The indigenous antisocial behavior scale will be valid and reliable among Pakistani players. H2: There will be an association of dark triad personality (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy) and antisocial behavior with the sports performance of Pakistani players. H3: There will be an influence of dark triad personality (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy) on the sport performance of Pakistani players with mediating role of antisocial behavior. H4: In the first phase of the study, data will be analyzed through Content Analysis, and in phase 2, the data will be analyzed through SPSS and AMOS to test the psychometrics properties of newly developed Antisocial Behavior Scale, the association between variables and mediation analysis using Structural Equation Modeling. Regarding implications of the study, this study will be helpful for sports psychologists, players, coaches, and sports policymakers. Dark Triad are important personality traits, which can positively and negatively predict sports performance among players. This research will gain the intention of sports psychologists, coaches, and sports policy makers to develop policies regarding personality traits such as dark triad and antisocial behavior. This study recommends to coaches and team selectors during the selection of players, the personality traits of players should also be measured and players who have negative personality traits will be considered for further psychotherapeutic interventions to overcome their negative personality traits, after this so they can enhance their sports performance.
Analisis Fizikal dan Mineral Tembikar Tanah di Gua Lubang Kelawar Bukit Batu Tambah, Hulu Kelantan
Authors: Mohd Ali Muhamad Shafiq , Ramli Zuliskandar , Sauman Yunus , Mt Said Mohd Riduan , Sahrom Mohamad Sazuan
Published: March 2024

Tembikar tanah merupakan antara artifak yang biasa dijumpai sewaktu kerja ekskavasi arkeologi sama ada prasejarah atau protosejarah. Tembikar tanah merupakan antara peralatan yang digunakan oleh masyarakat prasejarah sebagai alatan kegunaan dalam kehidupan seharian. Tembikar tanah yang dijumpai di tapak arkeologi perlu diketahui sama ada ia dibuat oleh masyarakat setempat atau dibawa dari luar. Oleh yang demikian, kajian secara analisis kimia perlu dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kandungan mineral dan unsur tembikar tanah supaya dapat dibandingkan dengan sampel tanah liat yang terdapat di kawasan tersebut. Perbandingan ini untuk mendapatkan kepastian sama ada tembikar prasejarah tersebut, dibuat di sekitar kawasan jumpaan atau dibawa dari luar. Hasil daripada kajian ini mendapati, tembikar yang dijumpai sewaktu ekskavasi di Gua Lubang Kelawar dibawa dari kawasan lain. Selain itu, dipastikan juga tembikar ini dibakar secara terbuka kerana suhu pembakaran yang tidak sekata. Kandungan unsur tembikar juga menunjukkan ia digunakan sebagai bekas menyimpan makanan dan digunakan sebagai perkakas untuk memasak.
Multiplicative Reverse Product Connectivity and Multiplicative Reverse Sum Connectivity of Silicate Network
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University College of Science, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, Karnataka State, India, Pun 572 103, Gowtham Kalkere Jayanna , Husin Mohamad Nazri ,   Special Interest Group on Modeling and Data Analytics (SIGMDA), Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 20130, Terengganu, Malaysia
Published: March 2024

The connectivity indices are helpful to estimate the chemical characteristics of the compounds in chemical graph theory. This report introduces the multiplicative reverse product connectivity index and the multiplicative sum connectivity index of the silicate network. Further, there 2D and 3D graphical representations are plotted.
Modular Home-Based Instruction in Mathematics for Primary Grades During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of Parent-Teachers
Authors:   Sorsogon State University-Magallanes Campus, Magallanes, 4705 Sorsogon, Philippines, Calaminos Franklin
Published: March 2024

The key purpose of this research is to explore the experiences of the parent-teachers on teaching Mathematics of Grade 1 and 2 learners who undergone modular distance learning in Magallanes, Sorsogon. The descriptive qualitative research design was used to describe the experiences of parent-teachers in teaching Math with the use of modules; identify the strategies used to teach and manage learning; and determine the support provided by the school in teaching Math. Validated questionnaire and semi-structured interview were utilized to gather data from five parent-teachers who were in early adulthood, college graduate, employed, and spending at least thirty minutes in teaching their child. With the use of deductive approach of thematic analysis, the experiences of the parent teachers were categorized into learning environment and child’s motivation and attitude towards learning, instructional time and resources, content of the learning modules and being an effective teacher. As to the strategies used, the parent-teachers considered the child’s readiness for learning, classroom setup at home, use of instructional materials and techniques, and review of the previous lesson and reteaching. It was also found out that a teacher’s home visit and evaluation of student’s learning and conduct of meeting with the teacher were the support received by the parent-teachers. The findings of this study may serve as basis for providing a comprehensive and inclusive education policies and as inputs on formulating strategic interventions on the implementation of modular distance learning.
Determination of heavy metals concentration in some sachet water commonly in Abuja Municipal Council, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Authorization and Enforcement, Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Abejide Olugbenga , Ibrahim Umar ,   Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, S. D Yusuf ,   Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Published: March 2024

The aim of the study was undertaken to assess heavy metal concentration in some sachet water commonly consumed in Abuja Municipal Council, Nigeria. This was done by measuring heavy metal concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer at the advance chemistry laboratory, Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHETSCO), FCT, then estimating carcinogenic and non carcinogenic exposure, contamination factor, degree of contamination and pollution load index. The samples were all obtained randomly within Abuja Metropolis. The carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic exposure are far less than 1. The concentration of the heavy metals in sachet water for Cd, Mn, Pb, Cu and Zn are 0.019 mg/l, 0.173 mg/l, 0.219 mg/l, 1.250 mg/l and 0.0760 mg/l respectively. The value of Cd, Pb exceed the recommend standard of 0.01 set by WHO (2008) while the concentration of Mn, Cu and Zn are below the permissible limit of 0.5 mg/l, 2 mg/l and 5 mg/l. The estimated heavy metal risk resulting from exposure to Cd and the estimated concentration of Pb in this study, was higher than the acceptable limit range provided by WHO. This indicates adverse health effects for people who consume sachet water in Abuja municipal council.
Exploring Information Technology Industry Programming Language Trends with Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Topic Modelling
Authors:   Department of Information Technology, College of Computer Studies, Eastern Samar State University, Philippines, Casillano Niel Francis , Cantilang Karen ,   Department of Information Technology, College of Computer Studies, Eastern Samar State University, Philippines
Published: March 2024

The study aimed to determine the preferred programming language among information technology professionals using non-negative matrix factorization topic modelling technique. The results showed that the majority of participants were software developers and programmers who commonly used C#, Java, and Python, and agreed that Java, C, or C++ would be the best language to start with when learning programming. The application of topic modelling revealed key themes such as online video tutorials as effective learning resources, hands-on activities as key to learning programming, importance of feedback, effective teaching strategies, and problem-solving skills as crucial for success in programming. Results of the study may serve as baseline data for the improvement of curricular offerings.
Measurement of Magnetic Field U (MaFiU) Utilizing Smartphone: A Practice Experiment for High School Students
Authors:   Department of Physics, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia, Mardian Vivi , Zaenab Siti ,   Department of Physics, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: March 2024

In this study, we offer a low-cost laboratory practice for an introductory physics class laboratory for students of any grade level in science and engineering. This practice, in which a mobile phone (iOS, Android, or Windows) is used in conjunction with mini magnets (similar to what's found on refrigerator doors), a rule, paper, and a free application (app) which has to be downloaded and installed to measure magnetic fields by using smartphone's magnetic field sensor or magnetometer, was very well received by our pupils. This practice is completely free. The major aim of the exercise is for students to discover the influence of component x of the magnetic field produced by various magnets. We discover that the magnetic field's dependence on distance takes the form x-6, which is perfectly compatible with the theoretical analysis. The second purpose is to compute the magnetic field found in various types of household electronic devices.
Qualitative Analysis of the Transmission Dynamics and Optimal Control of Covid-19
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ogun state, Nigeria, Idowu Oluwatobi Kabir , Loyinmi Adedapo Chris ,   Department of Mathematics, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ogun state, Nigeria
Published: March 2024

Globally, the COVID-19 presents a serious concern to the wellbeing of people. COVID-19 was first detected in Wuhan, China. The disease became a source of concern for Nigerians after the country registered its first case in February 2020. Currently, the country has recorded 255,103 confirmed cases, 249,246 recovered cases, and 3,142 deaths as of March 21, 2022. We proposed a SEQIHRV model to investigate the spread of coronavirus disease in Nigeria. This model defines the infection dynamics' transmission routes as well as effect of contaminated surfaces on the human population. Unfortunately, the virus's propagation and mortality from COVID-19 is increasing daily. Therefore, it is required to manage and control the flow of the infection. The impact of control measures as time-dependent interventions was investigated in this study utilizing optimization technique to determine their effects on the spread of Corona virus. The basic reproduction was calculated and used to calcite the sensitive parameters affecting the system, which revealed the key parameters leading to COVID-19 propagation. The control optimization of the sytem was performed using Pontryagin's maximum principle to determine the best approach for controlling the spread. The discoveries from the simulation showed that the combination of all four control approaches will help to reduce infection to zero in the population.
Development and Usability of ‘Skeletopedia’ Mobile Application for Human Skeletal System
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia, Saidin Syazwan , Fei Lai Yong ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to develop an android-based mobile learning application, Skeletopedia based on the cognitive constructivism and cognitive theory of multimedia learning and evaluated its usability as an educational tool for Form Five Biology students. The Skeletopedia was developed according to ADDIE model. It was designed to aid the Form 5 students in understanding and remembering the Latin terminology of human skeletal system as well as allowing them to visualise the human skeleton through three-dimensional augmented reality skeletal models. Two biology teachers were appointed to assess the face and content validity of the questionnaire and Skeletopedia, while 97 Form Five Biology students from Mara Junior Science College (MJSC) FELDA Trolak were selected as respondents for the field study. The usability questionnaire developed in this study had obtained high validity (κ = 1.00, CVI = 1.00) and reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient = 0.970). The ‘Skeletopedia’ application had acquired high validity in terms of face validity (κ = 1.00) and content validity (CVI = 1.00). The findings show that perception of students on the design of the Skeletopedia have a mean score of 3.637 (SD = 0.443), the mean score for the content is 3.598 (SD = 0.444), the efficiency (mean = 3.650, SD = 0.434), and usefulness (mean = 3.652, SD = 0.430). In conclusion, Skeletopedia has a high content validity and reliability value. Students' perception of the Skeletopedia also has a high mean value. The findings of this study implied that the Skeletopedia is appropriate and effective to be used as a self-learning tool ubiquitously in enhancing students’ understanding of human skeletal system without time and space constraints due to its portability and flexibility.
Forecasting Modelling of Adolescent Pregnancy Crisis in Malaysia Using Runge-Kutta Fourth Order Method
Authors:   School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, USM, Malaysia, Azizan Farah Liyana , Sathasivam Saratha ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, USM, Malaysia, Majahar Ali Majid Khan ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, USM, Malaysia, Hafeez Hazleen Marleesa A. H. ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, USM, Malaysia, Jaafar Nurizzati ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, USM, Malaysia
Published: March 2024

Despite the significant dangers that countries suffer when adolescent pregnancy is neglected, this major problem usually receives little attention. In recent decades, the number of teenage girls who get pregnant has increased worldwide. Therefore, this issue has become many countries' main public health concern. This paper aims to use MATLAB to estimate Malaysian teen pregnancy data for the next few years and to find missing data for a particular year. Since the Runge-Kutta is used to forecast the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy in Malaysia, the comparison reveals that the two sets of data are distinct. Therefore, the order four Runge-Kutta method is insufficient to approximate incomplete data for adolescent pregnancy. Although the results show that adolescent pregnancy has decreased over time, we must continue to treat this issue seriously. It is necessary to educate teenagers about sex education and safe pregnancy. Educating the young about the risk of having pregnancies in their early years is also necessary. Additionally, it is necessary to provide special consideration to those who did not grow up in a good environment and belong to a family unit that does not function in a healthy way according to social norms.
Development of Self-Regulated Learning Material (SLM) for Enhancing Students' Basic Science Process Skills
Authors:   Laguna State Polytechnic University - San Pablo City Campus, Borja Camille A. , Panoy Julie D. Fe ,   Laguna State Polytechnic University, San Pablo City Campus, San Pablo City, Laguna
Published: March 2024

This study examines the impact of self-regulated learning materials on the academic performance of Grade-3 students. Pre-test and posttest were implemented to identify the development of self-regulated learning materials. The materials underwent a validation process by the expert to ensure their content, format, presentation and organization, accuracy, and up-to-datedness were appropriate. Validating self-regulated learning materials is crucial to ensure suitability and efficacy. Furthermore, the materials evaluated based on phase, including forethought, volition, and self-reflection. Self-regulated Materials was evaluated by the school head for validation. A validated material has been carefully reviewed by experts to ensure that it is appropriate and effective. The evaluation rated as very satisfactory. The results indicated that these materials greatly extent students' ability to regulate their learning, enhance motivation, and develop critical think skills. The Pre-test and post-test were conducted before and after the use of supplementary materials to assess the basic science process skills. Inferential statistics were performed using t-test of difference to determine significant difference. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores, indicating the use of self-regulated learning materials significantly enhanced the skills and performance of Grade-3 students. Schools are encouraged to promote the use of self-regulated learning material to enhance learning outcomes. The future researcher on the same topic may be conducted for improving science education where students will be benefited. Educator may improve quality of education and support students in achieving their potential and academic success.
A Systematic Review on Instruments to Assess Critical Thinking & Problem-Solving Skills
Authors: Alias Alysuliana , Mohtar Lilia Ellany , Ayop Shahrul Kadri , Rahim Fanny Rahmatina
Published: March 2024

Critical Thinking and Problem Solving (CTPS) are soft skills essential to be equipped among students according to 21st-century learning. Several instruments have been developed to measure CTPS skills among students in various subjects. This review aimed to identify the type of instrument and the context they are used. The research methodology was based on the systematic literature search in online databases, mainly in Scopus and ERIC, complemented by Google Scholar and MyCite. The keywords used during the searching process included “instrument”, “test”, “assessment”, “critical thinking”, and “problem-solving”. The screening process took into consideration the type of publication in which only the articles written in Malay or English language within the year 2017 to 2021 were considered. The result of this review revealed that the test, rubric, observation sheet, and questionnaire were the most used types of instruments. Meanwhile, the contexts of measurement were by group discussion, experimental report, quiz, and answer sheet. This review can help educators and researchers make informed decisions about choosing the appropriate CTPS instrument and context for their assessments.
A Systematic Literature Review with Bibliometric Meta-Analysis of AI Technology Adoption in Education
Authors: Chanthiran Maran , Ibrahim Abu Bakar , Abdul Rahman Mohd Hishamuddin , Kumar S , Dandage Rahul Vishwanath
Published: March 2024

Education has undergone various developments and changes according to the current world circulation and the development of technology and science. Moreover, Covid-19 has emphasized the significance of technology in education. The use of technology in education increases collaboration among students and helps in academic achievement. The use of Artificial Intelligent (AI) has become a trend in 21st-century education in providing learning aids that are technological and digital. The purpose of this systematic survey is to identify peer-reviewed literature on the adoption of Artificial Intelligent (AI) in education among educators. Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE citation databases are used in the data-gathering phase. PRISMA approach and keyword search were extracted and analyzed. This bibliographic data of articles published in the journals over the seven years were extracted. VOS viewer was used to analyzing the data contained in all journals. The findings show that studies are showing the use and acceptance of Ai technology in education. It also shows that using this technology has a positive effect on mastering a subject among students. However, there is still room to optimize its usability in education, which is currently in the 4.0 education shift in line with the development of the Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0.
An Evolutionary Narrative of Popular Music Learning Cultures: A Case Study of the United Kingdom
Authors: Hueyuen Choong
Published: March 2024

For a very long time, popular music learning cultures had been characterised as informal and aural traditions. However, literature on the ways popular musicians learnt have documented increasing instances of popular musicians engaging with formal and non-aural modes of learning as time went by. Using the United Kingdom (UK) as a case study, the aim of this article is to establish an evolutionary narrative of how popular musicians learn. It begins with a chronological review of literature that examined the learning experiences of popular musicians between the 1970s and 2010s, and then discusses some observations regarding provisions of higher popular music education. In doing so, it revealed how the formalisation of popular music learning and technological advancements propelled the processes of becoming popular musicians in the UK to expand beyond features of informal learning and playing by ear. It argues that popular music learning cultures today comprise diverse combinations of formal and informal learning modes, notation- and ear-based practices, and resources made available by technological advancements, and thus, the informal and aural narrative pinned onto popular music learning cultures needs to be re-examined. Finally, it hopes to encourage discourses surrounding the learning of popular music to evolve beyond the issues of informal and aural-based learning and allocate more attention towards other means of learning in popular music.
Guidelines for creation of a Luk Thung method for trumpet
Authors: Suwantada Patcharee , Bowman Joseph
Published: March 2024

21st century trumpet players are required to play many diverse styles of music. One of these unique musical styles, Luk Thung (a Thai traditional music style) is music derived from Thai folk music culture that describes the Thai rural lifestyle, especially in the lyrics. Learning this style is a crucial part of a trumpet player’s chances for career success in Thailand’s musical industry. For trumpet players, performing Luk Thung music requires fundamental trumpet techniques. Because of the need for training trumpet players in this unique Thai musical style, this research aims to generate the guidelines for a trumpet method design based on Luk Thung music through the study of three categories: (1) fundamental trumpet techniques appearing in Thai Luk Thung music; (2) comparison of fundamental technique approaches between Western pedagogical methods for trumpet and Luk Thung music; and (3) the possibility of using Thai Luk Thung music to develop fundamental trumpet techniques for trumpet players. The purposeful sampling includes official recordings of Thai Luk Thung songs, four major method books for trumpet and in-depth interviews used for collecting data, and analysis. The findings were discussed and presented as the guidelines to design a trumpet method including purpose of the method design, structure of the method, and scope of contents. The generated guidelines will help trumpet players, music teachers or trumpet educators to design their own trumpet methods based on Thai Luk Thung music that suits their needs.