bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Helping in Times of War: How Uncertainty Modulates Aid to Ukrainian Refugees through Compassion and Threat
Authors: Mannarini Terri , Angelelli Mario , Ciavolino Enrico , Arima Serena , Longo Mariano , Limone Pierpaolo , Salvatore Sergio
Published: October 2024

The present paper focuses on the antecedents of solidarity behavior towards Ukrainian refugees, specifically examining the role of subjective uncertainty generated in public opinion by the aggression of Ukraine on feelings of compassion and perceptions of refugees as a threat. Based on pooled data from six representative samples collected in different waves during the first six months of the Russian army’s invasion of Ukraine among a representative sample of adult Italian citizens (N = 6,063), the study provided support for the intensification hypothesis, suggesting that uncertainty can act as an affective amplifier. Indeed, the results showed that uncertainty increased perceptions of refugees as a threat (acting on its emotional component, i.e., anxiety), but also feelings of compassion, which is a main driver of solidarity. Moreover, compassion seemed to reduce the (perceived) threat posed by refugees on an economic, cultural, security, or political level. The pattern of relationships tested in the model proved to be stable across different areas of the country and for the first 6 months of the Russian invasion, suggesting that the empathic concern generated by the suffering of the Ukrainian population under attack did not significantly diminish its effects over the period considered.
Exploration of neuroprotective and cognition boosting effects of Mazus pumilus in Alzheimer’s disease model
Authors: Saadullah Malik , Batool Jahan Ara , Rashad Muhammad , Asif Muhammad , Chauhdary Zunera , Bibi Asia
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Mazus pumilus (MP) an Asian flowering plant, known for various reported pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and hepatoprotective effects. This study focused on further exploring Mazus pumilus’s methanol leaf extract (MPM) for bioactive principles and investigating its neuroprotective and cognition-enhancing potential in Alzheimer’s disease models.

Methods

For the phytochemical screening and identification, TLC, HPLC, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were employed. In-vitro antioxidant potential was assayed by DPPH Free Radical Scavenging method, followed by in-vivo neuroprotective effect of MPM (100, 200, 300 mg/kg) using Wistar-albino rats, sodium azide for induction of AD and rivastigmine as standard. Over 21 days, we observed neurobehavioral changes and performed biochemical (GSH, CAT, SOD, and AchE activity) and histopathological evaluations.

Results

Results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, amino acids, terpenoids, glycosides, sterols, and saponins. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of gallic acids, sinapic acid, and caffeic acid. DPPH confirmed the antioxidant effect of MPM, which served as a base for its potential neuroprotective activity. Biochemically, oxidative stress markers improved significantly post-treatment, with decreased GSH, SOD, CAT levels, and increased AchE activity, indicating a reversal of AD-induced changes. Behavioral assessments showed improvements in locomotion, memory, spatial learning, and cognition. Histologically, there was a dose-dependent reduction in neurodegenerative features like neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid beta plaques.

Conclusions

Hence, this study concluded MPM is a promising candidate for prophylaxis and treatment of behavioral deficits and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease.
A speech-based convolutional neural network for human body posture classification
Authors: Abdulmohsin Husam Ali
Published: October 2024

Problem

In recent years, computing and sensing advances have helped to develop efficient human posture classification systems, which assist in creating health systems that contribute to enhancing elder’s and disable’s life quality in context-aware and ambient assistive living applications. Other applications of body posture classification include the simulation of human bodies into virtual characters, security applications such as kidnapping and the body position of the kidnapper or victim, which can provide useful information to the negotiator or the rescue team, and other sports applications.

Aim

This work aims to propose a body posture classification system based on speech using deep learning techniques.

Methods

All samples pass through the preprocessing phase. The Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) with 12 coefficients was used as features, and the best features were selected by the correlation-based feature selection method. Two supervised learning techniques called artificial hydrocarbon networks (AHN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) were deployed to efficiently classify body postures and movements. This research aims to detect six human positions through speech, which include walking downstairs, sitting, walking upstairs, running, laying, and walking. The dataset used in this work was prepared by the authors, named the human activity speech dataset.

Results

The best performance gained was with the AHN classifier of 68.9% accuracy and 67.1% accuracy with the CNN.

Conclusion

It was concluded that the MFCC features are the most powerful features in body position classification, and the deep learning methods are powerful in classifying body positions.
Joint PAPR reduction with channel estimation for OFDM-based VLC systems
Authors: Ali Mansour Eliwi , Abdulkafi Ayad A.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a new combination of channel estimation (CE) methods and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based visible light communication (VLC) systems. We first propose iterative clipping and filtering to minimize the PAPR of optical OFDM signals. Then, we introduce a computationally efficient, high-performance channel estimation approach using block-type pilots with modified clipped signals. The proposed method integrates clipping with three distinct CE techniques, resulting in both significant PAPR reduction and enhanced bit error rate (BER) performance. Among the CE methods evaluated, the expectation-maximization (EM) technique provides better BER results compared to other approaches. Simulation results confirm that the combined use of clipping and advanced CE methods leads to notable improvements in PAPR reduction and BER performance for OFDM-based VLC systems.
Selecting optimal progestational agents either alone or in combination in common pediatric endocrine settings: challenges of unmet needs
Authors: Reich Jenna , Badrinath Murthy Deepa , Coble Chanelle , Shah Bina
Published: October 2024

Progesterone is a natural hormone, mainly produced by the corpus luteum, with the foremost endocrine function on the secretory glands of the endometrium. Since being isolated, both natural and synthetic forms have been produced and are utilized for several purposes, including regulating the menstrual cycle and preventing endometrial hyperplasia. Specifically, the use of progestational agents is essential in the treatment of many common endocrine conditions, including polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia Turner syndrome and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. Although these agents are essential for disease management, literature that focuses on the benefits of specific progestins as well as the effects on glucocorticoid receptors (GR), mineralocorticoid receptors (MR), and androgenic receptors (AR) is limited. In this review, we provide a disease specific summary of the available literature and highlight where more information is needed.
Completely hereditarily atomic OMLS
Authors: Harding John , Kornell Andre
Published: October 2024

An irreducible complete atomic oml of infinite height cannot be algebraic and have the covering property. However, modest departure from these conditions allows infinite-height examples. We use an extension of Kalmbach’s construction to the setting of infinite chains to provide an example of an infinite-height, irreducible, algebraic oml with the 2-covering property, and Keller’s construction provides an example of an infinite-height, irreducible, complete oml that has the covering property and is completely hereditarily atomic. Completely hereditarily atomic omls generalize algebraic omls suitably to quantum predicate logic.
Global Mild Solutions For Hilfer Fractional Neutral Evolution Equation
Authors: Li Qien , Luo Danfeng
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present the existence of global mild solutions for the Hilfer fractional neutral evolution equations (HFNEEs), regardless of whether the semigroups are compact or noncompact. We achieve our main results by utilizing the generalization Ascoli-Arzelà theorem, Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem, Laplace transform, and measures of noncompactness. To demonstrate the feasibility of our method, we provide an example.
The discrete fractional Karamata theorem and its applications
Authors: Řehák Pavel
Published: October 2024

We establish a fractional extension of the discrete Karamata integration theorem for two types of fractional sum operators. This result, along with other properties of regularly varying sequences and the tools such as comparison theorems and a fixed point theorem in FK-space, is then used to study asymptotic properties of solutions to a nonlinear fractional difference equation. We also establish and utilize a fractional extension of the Stolz–Cesáro theorem, i.e., of the discrete l’Hospital rule. Both, the discrete fractional Karamata theorem and the discrete fractional l’Hospital rule, are believed to find applications in a broader context within the discrete fractional calculus.
Liouville type theorem for a system of elliptic inequalities on weighted graphs without (p
0)-condition
Authors: Minh Nguyen Cong , Duong Anh Tuan , Nguyen Ngoc Huong
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the existence and nonexistence of solutions of a system of inequalities

Δ
u
+

h
1

v
p

≤
0
 in 
V
,

Δ
v
+

h
2

u
q

≤
0
 in 
V
,

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\begin{cases}
\Delta u+h_1v^p\le 0\text{ in } V,
\\
\Delta v+h_2 u^q\le 0\text{ in } V,
\end{cases}
\end{array}$$

where (V, E) is an infinite, connected, locally finite weighted graph, p > 1, q > 1, h
1, h
2 are positive potential functions and Δ is the standard graph Laplacian. We prove that, under some growth assumptions on weighted volume of balls and the existence of a suitable distance on the graph, any nonnegative solution of the above system must be trivial. We also give an application to the N-dimensional integer lattice graph ℤ
N
and show the sharpness of the obtained result. In particular, our result is a natural extension of the recent result [Monticelli, D. D.—Punzo, F.—Somaglia, J.: Nonexistence results for semilinear elliptic equations on weighted graphs, arXiv:2306.03609, (2023)] from a single inequality to a system of inequalities.
Optimization of vehicle conceptual design problems using an enhanced hunger games search algorithm
Authors: Mehta Pranav , Panagant Natee , Wansasueb Kittinan , Sait Sadiq M. , Yildiz Ali Riza , Kumar Sumit , Yildiz Betul Sultan , Hussien Abdelazim G.
Published: October 2024

Electric vehicles have become a standard means of transportation in the last 10 years. This paper aims to formalize design optimization problems for electric vehicle components. It presents a tool conceptual design technique with a hunger games search optimizer that incorporates dynamic adversary-based learning and diversity leader (referred to as HGS-DOL-DIL) to overcome the local optimum trap and low convergence rate limitations of the Hunger Games search algorithm to improve the convergence rate. The performance of the proposed algorithms is studied on six widely used engineering design problems, complex constraints, and discrete variables. For the HGS-DOL-DIL practical feasibility analysis, a case study of shape optimization of an electric car suspension arm from the industry is carried out. Overall, the inclusion of the OL strategy has proven its superiority in solving real-world problems, especially in solving real-world problems such as shape optimization of an electric vehicle automobile suspension arm, showing that the algorithm improves the search space improves the solution quality, and reflects its potential to find global optimum solutions in a well-balanced exploration and exploitation phase.
Crystal structure of bis(3-isopropylphenyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride dihydrate, C28H30N2⋅2Cl⋅2H2O
Authors: Li Guangyi
Published: October 2024

C28H34Cl2N2O2, orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a = 30.5739(5) Å, b = 8.00310(10) Å, c = 10.5257(2) Å, V = 2575.49(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt (F) = 0.0374, wR
ref (F
2) = 0.1029, T = 100.01(10) K.
Crystal structure of 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl 2-acetoxybenzoate, C16H12ClFO4
Authors: Chen Guohua , Zi Lili , Lu Xi , Zhu Chongxian
Published: October 2024

C16H12ClFO4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 25.653(8) Å, b = 8.368(3) Å, c = 13.809(6) Å, β = 104.342(15)°, V = 2871.9(9) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt
(F) = 0.0287, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0713, T = 218(2) K.
Crystal structure of (R)-2-((3-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-6-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazin-4(5H)-yl) methyl)-4-fluorobenzonitrile benzoate monohydrate, C24H27FN6O4
Authors: Wen-Jie Xu , Song Li , Qin-Ze Li
Published: October 2024

C24H27FN6O4, monoclinic, C2 (no. 5), a = 19.7270(4) Å, b = 6.4057(2) Å, c = 36.3058(8) Å, β = 94.602(2)°, V = 4573.0(2) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt
(F) = 0.0625, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1565, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of (1E,3E,5E)-1,6-bis(4-(pentyloxy)phenyl)hexa-1,3,5-triene, C28H36O2
Authors: Shen Li , Xia Yu-Pei , Meng QingGuo
Published: October 2024

C28H36O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 25.4751(13) Å, b = 7.4053(3) Å, c = 6.3520(3) Å, β = 93.923(5)°, V = 1,195.5(1) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0650, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2007, T = 298 K.
Leading a faculty-wide peer-support programme for widening participation students
Authors: Hayman Rick , Mendes Regina , Allan Jaden , Veuger Stephany
Published: October 2024

Whilst existing research has explored the impact of a peer support role on the holistic development of mentees and mentors, very little is known about the experiences of those students who work in partnership alongside academic and service colleagues in co-creating, implementing, and delivering these programs. In this exploratory case study, the unique aspect was to use the P.O.W.E.R Reflective Framework for Students-as-Partners Practices and Processes to contextualise an undergraduate intern’s experiences of leading a project and the consequent impact it has had upon their personal and professional development. Key findings and reflections from the intern’s interview provide a deeper understanding of the peer mentor experience, highlighting aspects that are often overlooked or not readily apparent. The value of these activities for interns and how best to support their needs, motivations, and expectations are shared, as are implications for academic and service colleagues involved in promoting collaborative learning and mentoring.
Formulation and Development of Tara Gum-mediated Tablets for Delivery of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Lade Pravinkumar Dinkar , Singla Neelam
Published: October 2024

Background: Natural polysaccharide tara gum (TG) has been investigated for several biological uses. The current study involved the administration of imatinib, an anticancer model medication, via TG.

Methods: Imatinib-modified release tablets were developed using a direct compression method with different concentrations of TG and other excipients. Compressed tablets were evaluated for physicochemical properties.

Result: All formulations had an in vitro disintegration time ranging from 10–23 min. Among the formulations, F6 exhibited excellent extended-release behaviour with 72% release over 12 h. TG tablets were rich in phytoconstituents, including saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids.

Conclusion: TG has potential in the drug delivery application of anticancer medications as a rate-retarding polymer.
The Zebrafish Cerebellar Neural Circuits Are Involved in Orienting Behavior
Authors: Hosaka Shiori , Hosokawa Miu , Hibi Masahiko , Shimizu Takashi
Published: October 2024

Deficits in social behavior are found in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Since abnormalities in cerebellar morphology and function are observed in ASD patients, the cerebellum is thought to play a role in social behavior. However, it remains unknown whether the cerebellum is involved in social behavior in other animals and how cerebellar circuits control social behavior. To address this issue, we employed zebrafish stereotyped orienting behavior as a model of social behaviors, in which a pair of adult zebrafish in two separate tanks approach each other, with one swimming at synchronized angles (orienting angles) with the other. We harnessed transgenic zebrafish that express botulinum toxin, which inhibits the release of neurotransmitters, in either granule cells or Purkinje cells (PCs), and zebrafish mutants ofreelin, which is involved in the positioning of cerebellar neurons, including PCs. These zebrafish, deficient in the function or formation of cerebellar neural circuits, showed a significantly shorter period of orienting behavior compared with their control siblings. We found an increase in c-fosandegr1expression in the cerebellum after the orienting behavior. These results suggest that zebrafish cerebellar circuits play an important role in social orienting behavior.
Distinct Modulation ofIhby Synaptic Potentiation in Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons
Authors: Herstel Lotte J. , Wierenga Corette J.
Published: October 2024

Selective modifications in the expression or function of dendritic ion channels regulate the propagation of synaptic inputs and determine the intrinsic excitability of a neuron. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels open upon membrane hyperpolarization and conduct a depolarizing inward current (Ih). HCN channels are enriched in the dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons where they regulate the integration of synaptic inputs. Synaptic plasticity can bidirectionally modify dendritic HCN channels in excitatory neurons depending on the strength of synaptic potentiation. In inhibitory neurons, however, the dendritic expression and modulation of HCN channels are largely unknown. In this study, we systematically compared the modulation ofIhby synaptic potentiation in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and stratum radiatum (sRad) interneurons in mouse organotypic cultures.Ihproperties were similar in inhibitory and excitatory neurons and contributed to resting membrane potential and action potential firing. We found that in sRad interneurons, HCN channels were downregulated after synaptic plasticity, irrespective of the strength of synaptic potentiation. This suggests differential regulation ofIhin excitatory and inhibitory neurons, possibly signifying their distinct role in network activity.
ZEYTİN KARASUYU FENOLİK BİRLEŞİKLERİNİN OHMİK, MİKRODALGA VE ULTRASON DESTEKLİ EKSTRAKSİYONU ve KİNETİK MODELLEMESİ
Authors: Alifakı Yaşar Özlem , Yılmaz Merve Sılanur , Şakıyan Demirkol Özge , İşci Yakan Asli
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, zeytinyağı proses atığı olan karasuyundaki fenolik maddelerin bertaraf edilmesi için ekstraksiyon sistemlerinin kıyaslanmasıdır. Ayrıca çalışmanın bir diğer amacı derin ötektik çözgen (DÖÇ: kolin klorür:formik asit (1:2, n:n)) kullanılarak ohmik, mikrodalga ve ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon sistemi ile fenolik bileşiklerinin ekstraksiyonu ve kinetik modellenmesidir. Çalışmada, dört farklı ekstraksiyon tekniği (ohmik, mikrodalga, ultrason ve maserasyon) ve ekstraksiyon çeşidine göre değişen farklı işlem süreleri kullanılarak kolin klorür:formik asit (1:2, n:n) ve su karışımı (1:1, v:v) ile 1:5 (m:v) karasu:solvent oranında ekstraksiyon işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bağımlı değişken olarak toplam fenolik madde miktarı belirlenmiştir. En yüksek toplam fenolik madde miktarına (24.25±1.19 mg GAE/g karasu) mikrodalga (270 W güçte) destekli ekstraksiyon işleminde ve 80 dakikada ulaşılmıştır. Ek olarak modelleme sonucunda fenolik madde değişiminin Peleg modeline uyum gösterdiği görülmüştür. En yüksek B0 ve Cmax değerleri sırasıyla ohmik destekli ekstraksiyon işlemi ve mikrodalga destekli ekstraksiyon işleminde tespit edilmiştir.
Mapping the spatial distribution of air pollutants in Quang Ninh province (Vietnam) using Sentinel 5P data
Authors: Trinh Le Hung , Le Van Phu , Tong Thi Hanh , Mai Sinh Dinh
Published: October 2024

Vietnam is a country with rich mineral resources, of which coal reserves are about 8.6 billion tons, concentrated mainly in the coal basin of Quang Ninh province. Besides the economic and social benefits, coal mining has negative impacts on the environment, such as air and water pollution. Air pollution in coal mining areas seriously affects human health and the environment. This study presents the results of mapping the quarterly spatial distribution maps of air pollutants in Quang Ninh province, including CO, NO2, O3 and SO2 from Sentinel 5P TROPOMI data. Sentinel 5P TROPOMI data on four air pollutant concentrations in the entire year 2023 was collected using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform and then averaged over the quarters. The results of air pollution assessment from remote sensing data are compared with the limit values of basic parameters in the air in QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT National technical regulation on air quality. Analysis of the achieved results show that the concentrations of CO, NO2, O3 and SO2 in Quang Ninh province in 2023 are all high compared to regulations in QCVN, especially in the southern region where large coal mines are concentrated. The results received in this study provide timely information to help managers monitor air quality in coal mining areas.
Spremembe v gostoti energije magnetnega polja Zemlje na observatoriju PIA, Slovenija, med geomagnetno nevihto G5 11. maja 2024
Authors: Čop Rudi
Published: October 2024

Geomagnetic storms are the largest disturbance in the Earth's magnetic field. On May 11, 2024, a geomagnetic storm occurred at the peak of the 25th solar cycle, reaching the highest level (G5) on the planetary scale. On that day, a geomagnetic storm was also measured at the PIA geomagnetic observatory (Piran, Slovenia), reaching the maximum possible value of the geomagnetic index K = 9. Such strong geomagnetic storms occur on average every 40 to 60 years. A geomagnetic storm with an index of K = 9 represents an important reference for all disturbances in the local magnetic field from different sources and different intensities. Therefore, an analysis of accelerations in the energy density of the local magnetic field during the first 150 days in 2024 was made. The identified effects of geomagnetic storms with different K indices will serve to better analyse disturbances in the local magnetic field that have occurred in the past years and will happen in the future.
Emerging roles of osteocytes in the regulation of bone and skeletal muscle mass
Authors: Moin Md Rameez , Das Shubhrajyoti , Sanyal Sabyasachi
Published: October 2024

Contrary to the popular perception that bone is merely a structural organ, decades of research has established its functional importance in whole-body metabolism. Osteocytes, which comprise >80% of all bone cells, were also initially thought to be terminally differentiated dormant cells lacking metabolic functions. New research, however, is increasingly providing evidence that osteocytes not only play a role in the structural integrity of bone but also have secretory functions that regulate other bone cells and other organs, including skeletal muscle, the structural–mechanical neighbor of the bone, via paracrine and endocrine pathways. However, interpretations of the publicly available preclinical and clinical data pertaining to the factors secreted by osteocytes and their functions in the musculoskeletal system largely fail to reach a consensus. This review aimed to objectively collate all information available in the public domain for efficient access by researchers in the field. We strongly believe that this review will assist researchers attempting the unbiased design of therapeutic strategies for musculoskeletal disorders.
Improving access to sexual and reproductive health services among adolescent women in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mhlanga M , Mangombe A , Karumazondo J J , Yohannes T
Published: October 2024

Background

Unplanned pregnancies increased among adolescents in Zimbabwe, resulting in unsafe abortions, sexual and gender-based violence, and forced marriages. Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) has been scanty among pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers owing to negative social norms, stigma and discrimination. This project specifically targeted pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers through a differentiated and targeted care approach to improve uptake and sexual and reproductive health outcomes.

Methods

Target-specific peer support groups for pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers were established in Epworth district of Zimbabwe. The Champions of Change, a peer-based approach, was used to facilitate comprehensive sexuality education. Mentors were adolescent mothers trained on how to use a tailor-made manual to facilitate sessions. Two health centers, namely Epworth Clinic and Overspill Clinic, were purposively selected to participate in this study. A total of 60 participants were recruited into this study, 30 from each clinic. Knowledge and attitude were measured using a semi-structured questionnaire administered before and after the intervention. A scorecard was used to assess friendliness and quality of service provision. A Chi-square test of association was used to determine the significance of the change in outcomes.

Results

A significant improvement in knowledge of SRHR, attitudes, and healthcare-seeking behaviors was noted. There was a significant improvement in attitudes and friendliness in service provision. Access to services significantly increased with improvements in relationships and trust.

Conclusion

A targeted and differentiated care approach increases the uptake of services and health outcomes among adolescent women by addressing their unique needs and circumstances.

Lay summary

Adolescent pregnancy and motherhood have significantly risen in Zimbabwe with the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. The condition of these adolescent women has been worsened by poor access to and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services by this unique group, resulting in poor sexual health outcomes. Pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers are less likely to access sexual and reproductive health services due to heightened stigma and discrimination by peers, communities and service providers themselves. We adopted a peer-based approach to increase the agency of adolescent women and empower them through comprehensive sexuality education, engaging healthcare service providers, and improving parent-child communication. With our intervention, we noted a significant improvement in the proportion of pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers accessing services and reporting improvement in relationships with parents and healthcare providers. We encourage health providers to consider providing targeted services to this group to improve uptake and health outcomes.
O-GlcNAc participates in the meiosis of aging oocytes by mediating mitochondrial function
Authors: Li Chuwei , Qian Zhang , Zhang Hong , Ge Xie , Chen Li , Xue Mengqi , Tang Ting , He Zhaowanyue , Zheng Lu , Cao Chun , Zhang Kemei , Ma Rujun , Yao Bing
Published: October 2024

In brief

O-GlcNAc plays an important role in many age-related diseases. This study shows that O-GlcNAc participates in oocyte aging and that reducing O-GlcNAc levels in aging oocytes improves oocyte quality.

With an increase in the mean age at parturition worldwide, female reproductive aging has become a key health problem. Advanced maternal age is reflected by decreased oocyte quality; however, the molecular mechanisms of oocyte aging are uncharacterized. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a dynamic posttranslational modification, plays a critical role in the development of many age-related diseases; yet, it remains unclear whether and how O-GlcNAc participates in oocyte aging. Here, we found that global O-GlcNAc was elevated in normal biological aging mice oocytes (9 months), which were characterized by meiotic maturation failure and impaired mitochondrial function. Specifically, O-GlcNAc targeted the mitochondrial fission protein dynamic-related protein 1 to mediate mitochondrial distribution in the process of aging. Using the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) pharmacological inhibitor Thiamet-G and Oga knockdown (Oga-KD) to mimic the age-related high O-GlcNAc in young oocytes from 6–8 week-old mice mimicked the phenotype of oocyte aging. Moreover, reducing O-GlcNAc levels in aging oocytes restored spindle organization to improve oocyte quality. Our results demonstrate that O-GlcNAc is a key regulator of meiotic maturation that participates in the progression of oocyte aging.
Las competencias digitales y la autonomía del estudiantado de educación superior. Validación y diagnóstico
Authors: Sánchez-Macías Armando , Veytia-Bucheli María Guadalupe , Flores-Rueda Isabel Cristina
Published: October 2024

Aim. This study aims to analyze the levels of digital competencies (DC) and autonomy among higher education students and to characterize the possible correlation between these variables. Method. A non-probabilistic convenience sample of 294 Mexican undergraduate Social Sciences and Humanities students was used. The research was quantitative-correlational, descriptive-cross-sectional, and non-experimental. Self-administered online questionnaires were used to measure the DC and autonomy variables: an adaptation to Mexican Spanish of the instrument “Basic Digital Competencies 2.0 of University Students” (COBADI®) (Zapata-Ross, 2013) and the “Autonomy” by Bei et al. (2019), respectively. Results. Diverse levels of DC and autonomy were found among students from the different universities. Higher levels of DC and autonomy were associated with being female, using ICT for academic activities, having computer equipment and the Internet, and using the computer for more hours. Non-parametric tests confirmed direct and moderate associations between the variables, particularly when considering some of their dimensions. Conclusions. Adequate levels of DC are associated with higher student autonomy in ICT-mediated education.
Primer registro de la langosta roja (Panulirus penicillatus) en la costa continental de Ecuador
Authors: Figueroa-Guzmán Jorge , Zambrano René
Published: October 2024

Panulirus penicillatus is a lobster species primarily found in insular regions but also recorded in coastal continental zones of various countries along the American Pacific. This study reports P. penicillatus for the first time in the coastal area of Manabí Province, mainland Ecuador. Previously, its presence was known only in the Galápagos Islands, where it is a commercial species. The record is based on two adult individuals of P. penicillatus, both collected in October 2023 from fishing activities, one through nighttime apnea diving and the other via artisanal fishing using a gillnet.
Revisiting Loxanthocereus riomajensis, lectotypification, biogeography and conservation status of an endemic species from Arequipa, Peru
Authors: Pauca Tanco G. Anthony , Hoxey Paul
Published: October 2024

This study aims to clarify the taxonomy of Loxanthocereus riomajensis, as well as to understand its actual and potential geographic distribution, and to present its conservation status. Specialized literature was reviewed, and field visits were conducted. The collected data, including herbarium samples, presence records, and additional information, were used to describe the species in detail, create a geographical distribution map, generate potential distribution models using the MaxEnt algorithm, and assess its conservation status using IUCN considerations. The results demonstrate that morphologically, L. riomajensis is an independent species endemic to the departament of Arequipa, found in the provinces of Condesuyos and Caylloma, spanning an altitudinal range from 1600 to 2100 m asl. The potential distribution covers an area of 1135.3 km2, in the provinces of Condesuyos, Castilla, La Unión, Caravelí, Caylloma, and Arequipa. Regarding its conservation status, it is classified as endangered (EN). Finally, a lectotype is designated.
Caracterización morfológica de pelos de guardia de seis especies mamíferos pequeños no voladores del occidente de Ecuador
Authors: Torres-Domínguez Álvaro , Molina-Moreira Natalia , Chevasco Sergio , Salas Jaime A.
Published: October 2024

This study presents the morphological characterization of guard hairs from six species of small non-flying mammals. Guard hair samples were obtained from both live individuals and museum specimens, with cuticular and medullary impressions made from the middle portions of the shafts and shields, respectively. A total of 112 samples were collected from the following species: Marmosa simonsi, Metachirus myosorus, Sigmodon peruanus, Aegialomys xanthaeolus, Rattus sp., and Mus musculus. This information can be used for taxonomic identification and, for instance, in the identification of prey items in carnivore and nocturnal raptor diet studies, which are areas lacking information in western Ecuador.
Clonidine as Monotherapy for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Bada Henrietta S. , Westgate Philip M. , Sithisarn Thitinart , Yolton Kimberly , Charnigo Richard , Pourcyrous Massroor , Tang Fei , Gibson Julia , Shearer-Miller Jennifer , Giannone Peter , Leggas Markos
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

We sought to determine whether clonidine, a non-opioid α−2-adrenergic agonist, would effectively treat neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS).

METHODS

This was an intention-to-treat randomized clinical trial. Enrollment criteria included prenatal opioid exposure, age ≤7 days, gestational age ≥35 weeks, no other medical condition, and need for pharmacotherapy. Primary outcomes were length of treatment and neurobehavioral performance.

RESULTS

A total of 1107 patients were screened for enrollment (645 ineligible, 91 parents or staff unavailable, 216 declined, 155 consented). Of 155 infants, 120 required treatment and were randomized to receive oral clonidine (n = 60) at 1 µg/kg/dose or morphine (n = 60), 0.06 mg/kg/dose, every 3 hours. Infants with no improvement had their doses increased by 25% of the initial dose every 12 to 24 hours. Those without improvement by the fourth dose increase, received adjunct therapy. Length of treatment did not differ between morphine and clonidine, with median (95% confidence interval [CI]) days, respectively, of 15 (13–17) and 17 (15–19), P = .48. More clonidine-treated infants (45%) needed adjunct therapy versus 10% in the morphine group, adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) = 8.85 (2.87–27.31). After treatment completion, the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales summary scores did not differ between clonidine-treated and morphine-treated infants.

CONCLUSIONS

Length of pharmacologic treatment and final neurobehavioral performance were not significantly different between the clonidine- and morphine-treated groups. Clonidine appears to be an effective non-opioid medication to treat NOWS. Future studies are needed to determine the optimal clonidine dosage for a quicker response and obviation of adjunct therapy.
Connection with Nature and professional performance
Authors: Teixeira Paz Damaris , Ferrari Justulin Zacarias Elisa , Gasparetto Higuchi Maria Inês
Published: October 2024

O contato com os ambientes naturais é essencial para a constituição da Conexão com a Natureza (CN), um apego subjetivo à natureza, que por sua vez é fonte de benefícios para a saúde integral dos humanos. O tipo e a frequência de contato com ambientes naturais podem variar por diversos motivos. No âmbito laboral, a escolha da formação profissional pode se constituir em um indicativo de Conexão com a Natureza (CN). Para compreender a possível associação da formação acadêmica e níveis de CN, este estudo envolveu profissionais de várias áreas. Os 295 participantes responderam a um questionário virtual com dados sociodemográficos e escalas de CN. Nos dois estudos conduzidos confirma-se que a área de graduação e de pós-graduação dos profissionais são fatores que afetam a CN dos adultos, juntamente com um histórico de convívio positivo com a natureza tido na infância. Os resultados confirmam ainda que profissionais das áreas ambientais possuem níveis de CN maiores do que os de humanidades.
A realidade dos imigrantes venezuelanos no extremo norte brasileiro
Authors: Pessoa Bento Halaine Cristina , Macêdo da Silva Talitha Lúcia
Published: October 2024

A intensa crise sociopolítica e econômica que aflige a Venezuela potencializou a migração venezuelana para as nações vizinhas em busca de melhores condições de vida. O artigo teve por objetivo compreender a realidade dos imigrantes venezuelanos em Roraima, principal porta de entrada destes no Brasil. Foram realizadas 12 entrevistas com venezuelanos entre 19 e 29 anos de idade em Boa Vista (RR). Os resultados apontam que a realidade dos venezuelanos está relacionada a uma migração por sobrevivência, contudo, ao chegarem no Brasil, ainda enfrentam vulnerabilidades referentes a violências como a xenofobia, desafios de acesso ao trabalho, dificuldades para conseguir moradia e comprar alimentos. Observou-se a importância do acolhimento realizado pelos abrigos da Operação Acolhida em Roraima. Além disso, constatou-se os sentimentos de frustação e gratidão nos participantes no processo migratório. Portanto, o estudo possibilitou novas reflexões sobre a criação de futuras ações que ofereçam qualidade de vida aos imigrantes venezuelanos no Brasil.
¿Qué es la «estética» cotidiana?
Authors: Navarro-Renalias Natxo
Published: October 2024

En este artículo, ofrezco una visión general de la subdisciplina de la estética cotidiana en torno a la noción de lo estético. Distingo tres etapas en su desarrollo: una primera caracterizada por expandir la noción de lo estético; una segunda marcada por criticar dicha expansión; y una tercera, en la actualidad, donde disminuye la reflexión teórica al respecto. Además, analizo críticamente algunas de las críticas que recibe la subdisciplina y sugiero futuras líneas de investigación.
Rhizomic Interdisciplinary Model in the Research into the Phenomenon of “New Sincerity”
Authors: Barebina Natalia
Published: October 2024

The article localizes the problem of interscientific system methodology in the study of a new social practice domain, which manifests itself in the form of the trend towards sincerity and frankness in language interaction. The purpose of the article is to consider the issues that arise within the overlapping scientific approaches in the context of polyparadigmality in linguistics. The article describes vectors and scenarios of discipline interaction, as well as the examples of interdisciplinary transfer practice. The author presents the concept of rhizomic interdisciplinarity as a nonlinear development of scientific research that contains the potential for differentiation and integration. The system methodology application has enabled the author to build the core part of the model for describing linguistic facts. It includes some clusters of scientific knowledge that are undergoing a development phase. The article outlines the problems of “new sincerity” with an emphasis on network communication. For illustration, data from social events with elements of a flash mob, cases of cancel culture and eco-alarmism were used. The patterns that form a social community in the form of thematic fashion, Internet communication algorithms, and mobilizing potential are indicated. The author presents several clusters of research into the phenomenon of “new sincerity” from the perspective of the science of language. Being indicative of the dynamics of interaction amongst currently existing approaches and theories, they can form the core of the research model.
Discourse Implementation of “New Sincerity” in Communicative Space of Media
Authors: Gladko Marina
Published: October 2024

The article represents the peculiarities of “new sincerity” discursive representation in a media text. The research into this phenomenon from sociocultural angle presupposes conducting a multifaceted analysis, in particular, in communicative-and-cognitive and communicative-and-discursive perspectives. It is shown that the willingness of a linguistic personality to share their own thoughts and feelings in the public space is manifested in the generation of media discourse of “new sincerity”. The referential aspects of the “new sincerity” are revealed. The author establishes a repertoire of denotative-identifying reference (concrete, abstract referents, referent event), and a set of subject-marked text reference (emotive, evaluative referents). The explication of “new sincerity” is proved to become a tool of linguistic creative activity, as a result of which discourse scenarios are generated. They are focused on influencing the addressee (explication of personal significance, hypersensitivity). The macrostructural positions of the radio discourse of the “new sincerity” are revealed: lead, detailing, evaluative, emotionally oriented parts. Thematic dominants that form the discursive field of “new sincerity” are identified: “everyday life”, “life’s troubles”, “demonstration of weaknesses, inability”, “personal achievements and failures”, “personal preferences, secrets, qualities, interests, habits”, “fears and phobias”, “desires and dreams”, “details of personal life”. The television and radio discourses are rich in emotionally and personally oriented topics and concepts of sincerity, which leads to a change in the status of sincerity and sensitivity from peripheral phenomena to discourse-forming ones. It determines significant functional, qualitative changes in television and radio discourse.
“New Sincerity” in Social Media Texts: Intentions, Effects and Speech Features
Authors: Kaminskaya Tatyana
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a study on the phenomenon of “new sincerity” examined on the material of posts on social networks (about 2 thousand contexts in total). It has been noticed that while in registered media the phenomenon mainly exists as initiated by the journalist (in the genres of interviews with famous people), in social media it acts as an initiative of the author. The object of the study was the intentions of the authors of the posts, manifested in their speech, as well as the feedback that the authors received in response to their confession. The discursive approach used in the study has demonstrated the correlation between the topics of confessional posts and the general tasks of public social networks, between author’s intentions and word usage. Thus, feminist public accounts are created specifically to demonstrate those aspects of women’s life in society that have not been publicly discussed before. Borrowed vocabulary is widely used in such cases, as well as words that belong to the field of psychotherapy. Confessional posts on the authors’ personal accounts are much rarer, more varied in topic, most often aimed at creative self-expression and focused on a circle of familiar people. The types of addressees’ reactions to confessional posts are characterized: from distrust of what has been said to support with a demonstration of their similar experience and advice. The research contributes to the development of communication studies in general and media text linguistics in particular.
Lexical-and-Semantic Field “New Sincerity”: Neologisms in Russian and Chinese Media Discourse
Authors: Lijun Guo , Shchetinina Anna
Published: October 2024

The ideographic description of new vocabulary and the linguistic units within the lexical-and-semantic field of the idiom new sincerity in particular, is being considered. It is noted that in addition to its cultural significance, this expression has also acquired two new meanings: marketing technology and communicative practice. It is precisely in these meanings that the idiom new sincerity is studied in this research. Using component, contextual, and interpretive methods of analysis, with the support of the ideographic dictionary compiled by one of the authors and examples of usage in media discourse texts, the vocabulary within the lexical-and-semantic field of “new sincerity” has been identified and described. Most of the linguistic units in this group have been established to be neologisms. The presented ideographic network has a frame structure and reflects the fragments of modern reality represented in the linguistic worldview by new vocabulary. The authors have identified 5 segments (slots) of the ideographic network: “new sincerity” as a tactic in internet communication, social-and-political communication, as a basis for uniting people, a form of expressing aggression, and as a communicative practice in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic. Each segment includes a set of ideograms that unite lexical representatives – neologisms. It is noted that the expression new sincerity is not used in Chinese media texts. However, there has been an increasing interest in open expression of feelings and sharing personal stories by participants in modern Chinese shows, which corresponds to the practice of “new sincerity” in virtual and real life.
From Irony to Post-Irony: Means of Expressing “New Sincerity” in the Magazines The Rules of Life and The New Yorker
Authors: Zvereva Ekaterina , Kochkina Elena , Drozhzhina Anastasia
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the study is determined by the demand for “new sincerity” that has emerged in society. Reflecting modern trends, mass media highlight the urgency of research into this phenomenon from various angles. The purpose of the work is to describe mass media potential for the use of irony and post-irony as means of expressing “new sincerity”. The analysis is carried out on the material of modern intellectual periodicals The Rules of Life (formerly Esquire) and The New Yorker, which represent a striking example and an integral part of postmodern culture, create and communicate its values. The novelty of the study lies in the integrated approach that enabled the authors to describe the linguistic mechanisms of transforming irony to post-irony and to prove the capability of the “new sincerity” concept extrapolation to the sphere of mass media through determining the characteristic features of irony and post-irony that reflect new communicative strategies. An empirical study identifies lexical, syntactic, stylistic, graphic means of post-irony expression in modern intellectual periodicals and allows to conclude that it is represented in pathos and categoricity reduction, explicit criticism and sarcasm elimination, as well as transition from the irony of rejection to the post-irony of sensitivity, frankness and sympathy. Post-irony is shown to constitute the style of intellectual periodicals while the magazines themselves are noted to be the bearers of the “new sincerity” philosophy.