bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sediment budget monitoring of debris-flow and bedload transport in the Manival Torrent, SE France
Authors: Theule J. I. , Liébault F. , Loye A. , Laigle D. , Jaboyedoff M.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Steep mountain catchments typically experience large sediment pulses from hillslopes which are stored in headwater channels and remobilized by debris-flows or bedload transport. Event-based sediment budget monitoring in the active Manival debris-flow torrent in the French Alps during a two-year period gave insights into the catchment-scale sediment routing during moderate rainfall intensities which occur several times each year. The monitoring was based on intensive topographic resurveys of low- and high-order channels using different techniques (cross-section surveys with total station and high-resolution channel surveys with terrestrial and airborne laser scanning). Data on sediment output volumes from the main channel were obtained by a sediment trap. Two debris-flows were observed, as well as several bedload transport flow events. Sediment budget analysis of the two debris-flows revealed that most of the debris-flow volumes were supplied by channel scouring (more than 92%). Bedload transport during autumn contributed to the sediment recharge of high-order channels by the deposition of large gravel wedges. This process is recognized as being fundamental for debris-flow occurrence during the subsequent spring and summer. A time shift of scour-and-fill sequences was observed between low- and high-order channels, revealing the discontinuous sediment transfer in the catchment during common flow events. A conceptual model of sediment routing for different event magnitude is proposed.
Operational verification of a framework for the probabilistic nowcasting of river discharge in small and medium size basins
Authors: Silvestro F. , Rebora N.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Forecasting river discharge is a very important issue for the prediction and monitoring of ground effects related to severe precipitation events. The meteorological forecast systems are unable to predict precipitation on small spatial (few km) and temporal (hourly) scales. For these reasons the issuing of reliable flood forecasts is not feasible in those regions where the basin's response to rainfall events is very fast and can generate flash floods. This problem can be tackled by using rainfall nowcasting techniques based on radar observations coupled with hydrological modeling. These procedures allow the forecasting of future streamflow with a few hours' notice. However, to account for the short-term uncertainties in the evolution of fine scale precipitation field, a probabilistic approach to rainfall nowcasting is needed. These uncertainties are then propagated from rainfall to runoff through a distributed hydrological model producing a set of equi-probable discharge scenarios to be used for the flood nowcasting with time horizons of a few hours. Such a hydrological nowcasting system is presented here and applied to some case studies. A first evaluation of its applicability in an operational context is provided and the opportunity of using the results quantitatively is discussed.
Spatial relationship between the atmospheric circulation and the precipitation measured in the western Swiss Alps by means of the analogue method
Authors: Horton P. , Jaboyedoff M. , Metzger R. , Obled C. , Marty R.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. An adaptation technique based on the synoptic atmospheric circulation to forecast local precipitation, namely the analogue method, has been implemented for the western Swiss Alps. During the calibration procedure, relevance maps were established for the geopotential height data. These maps highlight the locations were the synoptic circulation was found of interest for the precipitation forecasting at two rain gauge stations (Binn and Les Marécottes) that are located both in the alpine Rhône catchment, at a distance of about 100 km from each other. These two stations are sensitive to different atmospheric circulations. We have observed that the most relevant data for the analogue method can be found where specific atmospheric circulation patterns appear concomitantly with heavy precipitation events. Those skilled regions are coherent with the atmospheric flows illustrated, for example, by means of the back trajectories of air masses. Indeed, the circulation recurrently diverges from the climatology during days with strong precipitation on the southern part of the alpine Rhône catchment. We have found that for over 152 days with precipitation amount above 50 mm at the Binn station, only 3 did not show a trajectory of a southerly flow, meaning that such a circulation was present for 98% of the events. Time evolution of the relevance maps confirms that the atmospheric circulation variables have significantly better forecasting skills close to the precipitation period, and that it seems pointless for the analogue method to consider circulation information days before a precipitation event as a primary predictor. Even though the occurrence of some critical circulation patterns leading to heavy precipitation events can be detected by precursors at remote locations and 1 week ahead (Grazzini, 2007; Martius et al., 2008), time extrapolation by the analogue method seems to be rather poor. This would suggest, in accordance with previous studies (Obled et al., 2002; Bontron and Obled, 2005), that time extrapolation should be done by the Global Circulation Model, which can process atmospheric variables that can be used by the adaptation method.
A high resolution climatology of precipitation and deep convection over the Mediterranean region from operational satellite microwave data: development and application to the evaluation of model uncertainties
Authors: Claud C. , Alhammoud B. , Funatsu B. M. , Lebeaupin Brossier C. , Chaboureau J.-P. , Béranger K. , Drobinski P.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. A new precipitation and convection dataset for the Mediterranean Basin, derived from operational satellite microwave data is documented. The dataset is derived from diagnostics that rely on brightness temperatures measured since 1999 in the water vapour absorption line (183–191 GHz). The dataset consists of twice-daily (a.m. and p.m.) and monthly maps of precipitation and convection occurrences on a 0.2° lat × 0.2° long grid for the area 25°–60° N, 10° W–50° E. The instruments used so far are the AMSU-B sensor on the NOAA-15 to -17 satellites, and the MHS sensor on the NOAA-18 and -19 and METOP-2 satellites, with precipitation and convection available separately for the different sensors. The slightly different radiometric characteristics of MHS compared to AMSU-B do not affect significantly the continuity of the dataset. Precipitation and convection data from different sensors on different satellites are remarkably consistent, with generally small biases between the instruments. When larger biases appear, they can be explained either by the drifts in the satellite orbit, scan asymmetry, or temporal aliasing from insufficiently resolving the diurnal cycle of precipitation and convection. After a description of climatological aspects of rain and deep convection occurrence, the interest of this dataset to evaluate model uncertainties for simulating a high-impact weather event and for climatic regional runs over this area is illustrated.
Stable water isotopes of precipitation and firn cores from the northern Antarctic Peninsula region as a proxy for climate reconstruction
Authors: Fernandoy F. , Meyer H. , Tonelli M.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. In order to investigate the climate variability in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region, this paper focuses on the relationship between stable isotope content of precipitation and firn, and main meteorological variables (air temperature, relative humidity, sea surface temperature, and sea ice extent). Between 2008 and 2010, we collected precipitation samples and retrieved firn cores from several key sites in this region. We conclude that the deuterium excess oscillation represents a robust indicator of the meteorological variability on a seasonal to sub-seasonal scale. Low absolute deuterium excess values and the synchronous variation of both deuterium excess and air temperature imply that the evaporation of moisture occurs in the adjacent Southern Ocean. The δ18O-air temperature relationship is complicated and significant only at a (multi)seasonal scale. Backward trajectory calculations show that air-parcels arriving at the region during precipitation events predominantly originate at the South Pacific Ocean and Bellingshausen Sea. These investigations will be used as a calibration for ongoing and future research in the area, suggesting that appropriate locations for future ice core research are located above 600 m a.s.l. We selected the Plateau Laclavere, Antarctic Peninsula as the most promising site for a deeper drilling campaign.
Role of Ultrasonography in the Preoperative Assessment of Impalpable Testes: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Abbas Tariq O. , Al-Shahwani Noora , Hayati Ahmed , Hady Samaha Abdul , Bassiouny Ibrahim E. , Ali Mansour
Published: March 2012

Background. Abdominoscrotal sonogram is often used in boys with a nonpalpable testis to determine the presence of the testis. We describe our experience with the use of ultrasonography in boys with a nonpalpable testis. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of boys aged less than 14 years, who underwent preoperative ultrasonography for an impalpable undescended testis (IUDT) between 2006 and 2010 in our institution. The results of sonography and laparoscopy were compared. Results. A total of 26 impalpable testes in 22 patients, including 4 with bilateral impalpable testes, were preoperatively assessed by ultrasonography for their localization. Sonography localized only 6 of the 26 (23%) testes, which were laparoscopically explored and followed by orchiopexy. Conclusion. Ultrasound is not reliable in the preoperative assessment of patients with impalpable testes.
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Telfairia occidentalis Leaf on the Performance and Haematological Indices of Starter Broilers
Authors: P. N. Onu
Published: March 2012

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis (Fluted Pumpkin) leaf on the performance and haematological indices of starter broilers. A total of 200, 8-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five (5) treatments, each with 4 replicate groups containing 10 chicks and fed with standard starter broiler diets. Telfaria occidentalis leaves extract (FPLE) was added at 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 mL/litre of drinking water. Growth performance and haematological indices were evaluated. Results showed that there was significant () difference in weight gain, feed conversion, and protein efficiency ratios of the birds among the treatments. Birds fed 80 ml FPLE/litre of water had significantly the highest weight gain and the best feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios. There was no significant () variations in the feed and water intakes of the birds. Results also show no significant () difference in haematological indices of birds among the treatments. The results of this study indicate that, for enhanced weight gain and feed conversion efficiency, birds should be fed 80 mL FPLE/litre of water.
The Devil & Daniel's Spreadsheet
Authors: Burke Maurice J.
Published: March 2012

A tool that combines the power of computer algebra and traditional spreadsheets can greatly enhance the study of recursive processes.
Filtering, smoothing and prediction using a control‐loop spectral factorization method for coloured noise
Authors: Moir T.J.
Published: March 2012

A method for the linear least‐squares estimation of random signals contaminated with random noise that uses a new method of spectral factorization is shown. It is shown that the optimal filter can be written entirely in terms of the two spectral factors of signal plus noise and noise‐alone, and can be applied to the general case of coloured and white additive noise. The method of spectral factorization used is novel and uses control‐system methodology. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐Covalent Functionalization of Individual Nanotubes with Spiropyran‐Based Molecular Switches
Authors: Setaro Antonio , Bluemmel Pascal , Maity Chandan , Hecht Stefan , Reich Stephanie
Published: March 2012

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are functionalized with a spiropyran derivative, which is attached non‐covalently to the SWCNT's sidewall via a pyrene anchor group. Using this non‐covalent functionalization strategy, individual SWCNTs can be stabilized in solution without the need for additional surfactants. Bright luminescence confirms the presence of individual tubes in the thus‐prepared samples. In these samples, the majority of pyrene‐spiropyran molecules are attached to the walls of the SWCNTs. Upon complex formation with the SWCNT, the switching moiety retains its ability to switch, i.e., to undergo reversible transformations between the closed spiropyran and the opened merocyanine form, and is stable over many cycles of operation.
Biologically Enabled Syntheses of Freestanding Metallic Structures Possessing Subwavelength Pore Arrays for Extraordinary (Surface Plasmon‐Mediated) Infrared Transmission
Authors: Fang Yunnan , Chen Vincent W. , Cai Ye , Berrigan John D. , Marder Seth R. , Perry Joseph W. , Sandhage Kenneth H.
Published: March 2012

A scalable wet chemical process has been used to convert the intricate silica microshells (frustules) of diatoms into gold structures that retained the three‐dimensional (3‐D) frustule shapes and fine patterned features. Combined use of an amine‐enriching surface functionalization protocol and electroless deposition yielded thin (<100 nm) conformal nanocrystalline gold coatings that, upon selective silica dissolution, were converted into freestanding gold structures with frustule‐derived 3‐D morphologies. By selecting a diatom frustule template with a quasi‐regular hexagonal pore pattern (Coscinodiscus asteromphalus, CA), gold replica structures possessing such pore patterns were produced that exhibited infrared transmission maxima/reflection minima that were not observed for the starting silica diatom frustules or for flat nonporous gold films; that is, such extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) resulted from the combined effects of the quasi‐periodic hexagonal hole structure (inherited from the CA diatom frustules) and the gold chemistry. Calculated and measured IR transmission spectra obtained from planar gold films with quasi‐periodic hexagonal CA‐derived hole patterns, or with short‐range periodic hexagonal hole patterns, indicated that the enhanced IR transmission exhibited by the gold CA frustule replicas was enabled by the generation and transmission of surface plasmons. This scalable bio‐enabled process provides a new and attractive capability for fabricating self‐supporting, responsive, 3‐D metallic structures for use as dispersible/harvestable microparticles tailored for EOT‐based applications.
Freestanding Single Crystalline Fe–Pd Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Membranes – Role of Mechanical and Magnetic Constraints Across the Martensite Transition
Authors: Ma Yanhong , Setzer Annette , Gerlach Jürgen W. , Frost Frank , Esquinazi Pablo , Mayr S. G.
Published: March 2012

Substrate‐attached and freestanding single crystalline Fe70Pd30 ferromagnetic shape memory alloy membranes, which were synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy on MgO (001) and later released from their substrates, are characterized with respect to their structural, thermal and magnetic properties. Residing in the two‐phase region of austenite and the correct martensite phase with face centered tetragonal (fct) structure at room temperature, they reveal martensite transition with little hysteresis at 326 K and 320 K, respectively. Comparing substrate‐attached with freestanding films, which show fundamentally different magnetic fingerprints, it is proposed that domain structure is capable of posing a bias on the austenite → fct‐martensite phase transition by favoring martensite variants with their easy axis aligned along the field – just as the substrate constitutes a mechanical constraint on the transition. If confirmed, this would suggest thermo‐magnetic actuation as an alternative where only moderate magnetic fields are feasible, but moderate temperature changes are possible.
Formation of Spherical and Non‐Spherical Eutectic Gallium‐Indium Liquid‐Metal Microdroplets in Microfluidic Channels at Room Temperature
Authors: Hutter Tanya , Bauer Wolfgang‐Andreas C. , Elliott Stephen R. , Huck Wilhelm T. S.
Published: March 2012

Here, the formation of eutectic Gallium‐Indium (EGaIn) liquid‐metal microdroplets, both spherical and non‐spherical, in microfluidic devices at room temperature is reported. Monodisperse microdroplets were created in an aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution, in oxygenated and in deoxygenated silicone oil. The volume of the droplets depends on the channel dimensions and flow rates applied, varying between 0.5 and 4 nL. Non‐spherical droplets were formed in oxygenated silicone oil due to the instantaneous formation of an oxide layer. These metal “micro‐rice” droplets retained their shape and did not spontaneously reflow to form shapes of the lowest interfacial energy on egress from the channel, unlike in aqueous PEG solution and in deoxygenated silicone oil. Liquid‐metal droplets with such tunable morphology can potentially be used in MEMS devices for optical and electrical switches, valves and micropumps.
Biobank participation and returning research results: Perspectives from a deliberative engagement in South Side Chicago
Authors: Lemke Amy A. , Halverson Colin , Ross Lainie Friedman
Published: March 2012

To be respectful of the public, biobank guiding principles and operations should be responsive to and inclusive of the values and beliefs of their participants. In an effort to increase knowledge and inform institutional policies, we conducted a deliberative engagement of individuals from two healthcare facilities in South Side Chicago that serve different socioeconomic communities to consider biobank policies regarding return of research results. We recruited primary caregivers of children receiving care at either a Federally Qualified Health Center or a university‐based practice to attend two full‐day deliberative engagement sessions, which included four educational presentations followed by focus group discussions. Surveys were administered to assess attitudes before and after the engagement, and an evaluation was conducted to assess the deliberative engagement process. All 45 participants self‐identified as African‐American. Focus group themes included: (1) overall interest in biobank participation, broad consent, and recontact; (2) root causes of distrust and potential biobank strategies to facilitate trust; (3) perceived positive and negative aspects of receiving research results; and (4) strong interest in receiving and managing their children's research results. Survey data indicated the same degree of interest in receiving results about themselves as about their children. Pre‐ and post‐session findings showed mainly non‐significant attitudinal changes in level of interest in biobank participation and return of research results, although there was a decrease in level of concern regarding identification from research data. Our findings reveal shared community insights important in facilitating relationships and policy discussions between biobank researchers and research participants. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of solid polymeric electrolyte of poly(vinyl) chloride‐low‐molecular weight LENR50 (70/30)‐LiClO4
Authors: Lee T. K. , Ahmad A. , Farina Y. , Dahlan H. M. , Rahman M. Y. A.
Published: March 2012

This work presents the preparation of a free standing electrolyte film containing poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) and 50% liquid epoxidized natural rubber (LENR50) blends as a host for the electrolyte that was doped with lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as the dopant salt. The electrolyte was prepared via solution‐casting technique. From the impedance result, the highest ionic conductivity obtained was 9.6 × 10−9 S cm−1 at the 30 wt % of LiClO4. This ionic conductivity result was supported by XRD analysis that showed the addition of 5–30 wt % of LiClO4 salt to the PVC‐LENR50 was well dissociated in the electrolyte as no salt peaks were observed. This implies that the salt was fully complexed in the system. Thermal analysis revealed that Tg increased with lithium salts concentration. This is due to the formation of transient crosslinkage bonds and increasing viscosity. The morphological studies revealed the good homogeneity of the PVC‐LENR50 (70/30) blend as no phase separation was observed. In addition, the formation of micropores with an addition of salts in the electrolyte improved the mobility properties of Li+ ions in the electrolyte system. Hence, it improves the ionic conductivity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Catalytic Arylation of a CH Bond in Pyridine and Related Six‐Membered N‐Heteroarenes Using Organozinc Reagents
Authors: Hyodo Isao , Tobisu Mamoru , Chatani Naoto
Published: March 2012

Despite significant advances in the catalytic direct arylation of heteroarenes, the application of this reaction to pyridines has been met with limited success. An oxidative nucleophilic arylation strategy has been developed to overcome this problem. Pyridine, pyrazine, quinolone, and related electron‐deficient N‐heteroarenes can be arylated at the most electrophilic site using the developed nickel‐catalyzed reaction. This protocol serves as a complementary method to catalytic direct arylation reactions.
On Controlling the Transient Response of Linear Time Invariant Systems with Fixed Structure Controllers
Authors: Malik Waqar A. , Darbha Swaroop , Bhattacharyya S. P.
Published: March 2012

The problem of controlling transient response is important in many industrial applications; for example, the speed and accuracy of motion control of robots directly relates to the productivity of the robot. The objective of transient control is to determine a feedback controller of a fixed structure that renders the closed loop response of a specified system to lie in a specified envelope. One may associate a set of errors which measures the deviation of the response from the envelope. The set of errors may be defined in such a way that all the errors are non‐negative if and only if the response does not deviate from the envelope at any time. The transient problem can be thus posed as the problem of determining a stabilizing controller that renders the set of all errors to be non‐negative at every time. One may associate a control parameter vector K with a controller of a specified structure. The main topic of investigation of this paper is to find a bound for the set of real control parameters, K, so that a rational, proper transfer function, has a decaying, non‐negative impulse response. It is assumed that the coefficients of the polynomials N(s, k) and D(s, K) are affine in K.
Variable Structure Control with Chattering Reduction of a Generalized T‐S Model
Authors: Al‐Hadithi Basil M. , Jiménez Agustín , Matía Fernando
Published: March 2012

In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based variable structure control (VSC) is presented. The main objective is to obtain an improved performance of highly non‐linear unstable systems. New functions for chattering reduction and error convergence without sacrificing invariant properties are proposed. The main feature of the proposed method is that the switching function is added as an additional fuzzy variable and will be introduced in the premise part of the fuzzy rules; together with the state variables.

In this work, a tuning of the well known weighting parameters approach is proposed to optimize local and global approximation and modelling capability of the Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model to improve the choice of the performance index and minimize it. The main problem encountered is that the T‐S identification method can not be applied when the membership functions are overlapped by pairs. This in turn restricts the application of the T‐S method because this type of membership function has been widely used in control applications. The approach developed here can be considered as a generalized version of the T‐S method. An inverted pendulum mounted on a cart is chosen to evaluate the robustness, effectiveness, accuracy and remarkable performance of the proposed estimation approach in comparison with the original T‐S model. Simulation results indicate the potential, simplicity and generality of the estimation method and the robustness of the chattering reduction algorithm. In this paper, we prove that the proposed estimation algorithm converge the very fast, thereby making it very practical to use. The application of the proposed FLC‐VSC shows that both alleviation of chattering and robust performance are achieved.
Developmental Sensitivity to the Induction of Great Vessel Malformations by N‐(2‐Aminoethyl)ethanolamine
Authors: Moore Nigel P. , Tornesi Belen , Yano Barry L. , Nitschke Kenneth D. , Carney Edward W.
Published: March 2012

N‐(2‐Aminoethyl)ethanolamine (AEEA) induced malformations of the great vessels in the offspring of rats treated during gestation and early lactation (Schneider et al., 2012. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol [in press]). The aim of this study was to determine if in utero exposure alone was sufficient to induce these malformations or whether a peri‐postnatal exposure or physiological component was required. Three groups of five time‐mated female Wistar Han rats were administered AEEA (250 mg/kg/day) by gavage from gestation day (GD) 6 to GD 19 (groups 1 and 2) or from GD 6 to postnatal day 3 (group 3). Animals were euthanized on GD 21 (group 1) or postnatal day 4 (groups 2 and 3), and the hearts of the offspring were examined for changes to the great vessels. The incidence of malformations in group 1 was 91.1%, and primarily consisted of high aortic arch and abnormal carotid course. One fetus had an aortic aneurysm. All fetuses in groups 2 and 3 were malformed, primarily exhibiting abnormal carotid course and aneurysms, which mainly affected the aorta, ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary trunk. The incidence of high aortic arch was lower relative to group 1. Aneurysms were more prevalent in group 3 compared to group 2. These findings indicate that exposure to AEEA during gestation alone was sufficient to induce malformations of the great vessels and aneurysms, which may be triggered by physiological changes that occur during or after birth, but that the critical period of susceptibility to AEEA‐induced aneurysms in the rat extends beyond gestation into the early postnatal period.
Neuroendocrinology‐based therapy for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Palm Russell , Ayala‐Fontanez Nilmarie , Garcia Yoelvis , Lee Hyoung‐gon , Smith Mark A. , Casadesus Gemma
Published: March 2012

The nervous system interacts directly with the endocrine system to control a plethora of central nervous system (CNS) functions. Metabolic and reproductive hormones are known to be important in the maintenance of neuronal health and their fluctuations are important for CNS aspects ranging from sleep and appetite regulation to cognitive function. This review will summarize and critically evaluate how age‐related changes in sex and metabolic hormones modulate affect cognitive function and the implications of targeting the neuroendocrinological system as a therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer's disease.
A potential role for zinc alterations in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lyubartseva Ganna , Lovell Mark A.
Published: March 2012

Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the major causes of disability and mortality in Western societies, is a progressive age‐related neurodegenerative disorder. Increasing evidence suggests that the etiology of AD may involve disruptions of zinc (Zn) homeostasis. This review discusses current evidence supporting a potential role of Zn and zinc transporters (ZnTs) in processing of the amyloid beta protein precursor (APP) and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide generation and aggregation.
Poly(ethylene glycol) cross‐linked hemoglobin with antioxidant enzymes protects pancreatic islets from hypoxic and free radical stress and extends islet functionality
Authors: Nadithe Venkatareddy , Mishra Deepa , Bae You Han
Published: March 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol)‐based hemoglobin conjugates crosslinked with antioxidant enzymes for their ability to protect an oxygen carrier (hemoglobin) and insulin secreting islets from the combination of hypoxic and free radical stress under simulated transplantation conditions. In this study, RINm5F cells and isolated pancreatic islets were challenged with oxidants (H2O2 or xanthine and xanthine oxidase) and incubated with conjugates (hemoglobin–hemoglobin or superoxide dismutase–catalase–hemoglobin) in normoxia (21% oxygen) or hypoxia (6% or 1% oxygen). Hemoglobin protection, intracellular free radical activity and cell viability in RINm5F cells measured by methemoglobin, dichlorofluorescein‐diacetate, and (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, respectively, showed that cells were better protected by conjugates containing antioxidant enzymes. Insulin secretion from islets and qualitative confocal evaluation of viability showed beta cells were protected by conjugates containing antioxidant enzymes when exposed to induced stress. Our study suggested that antioxidant enzymes play a significant role in hemoglobin protection and thus extended cell protection. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 2392–2401. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using electron balances and molecular techniques to assess trichoroethene‐induced shifts to a dechlorinating microbial community
Authors: Ziv‐El Michal , Popat Sudeep C. , Parameswaran Prathap , Kang Dae‐Wook , Polasko Alexandra , Halden Rolf U. , Rittmann Bruce E. , Krajmalnik‐Brown Rosa
Published: March 2012

This study demonstrated the utility in correlating performance and community structure of a trichloroethene (TCE)‐dechlorinating microbial consortium; specifically dechlorinators, fermenters, homoacetogens, and methanogens. Two complementary approaches were applied: predicting trends in the microbial community structure based on an electron balance analysis and experimentally assessing the community structure via pyrosequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Fill‐and‐draw reactors inoculated with the DehaloR⁁2 consortium were operated at five TCE‐pulsing rates between 14 and 168 µmol/10‐day‐SRT, amended with TCE every 2 days to give peak concentrations between 0.047 and 0.56 mM (6–74 ppm) and supplied lactate and methanol as sources of e‐ donor and carbon. The complementary approaches demonstrated the same trends: increasing abundance of Dehalococcoides and Geobacter and decreasing abundance of Firmicutes with increasing TCE pulsing rate, except for the highest pulsing rate. Based on qPCR, the abundance of Geobacter and Dehalococcoides decreased for the highest TCE pulsing rate, and pyrosequencing showed this same trend for the latter. This deviation suggested decoupling of Dehalococcoides growth from dechlorination. At pseudo steady‐state, methanogenesis was minimal for all TCE pulsing rates. Pyrosequencing and qPCR showed suppression of the homoacetogenic genera Acetobacterium at the two highest pulsing rates, and it was corroborated by a decreased production of acetate from lactate fermentation and increased propionate production. Suppression of Acetobacterium, which can provide growth factors to Dehalococcoides, may have contributed to the decoupling for the highest TCE‐pulsing rate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 2230–2239. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utilization of tyrosine‐ and histidine‐containing dipeptides to enhance productivity and culture viability
Authors: Kang Sohye , Mullen Johanna , Miranda Les P. , Deshpande Rohini
Published: March 2012

Adequate supply of nutrients, especially providing a sufficient level of specific amino acids, is essential for cell survival and production. Complex raw materials such as soy hydrolysates or yeast extracts are the source for both free amino acids and peptides. However, typical chemically defined (CD) media provide amino acids only in free form. While most amino acids are highly soluble in media and can be provided at fairly high concentrations, certain amino acids such as tyrosine have poor solubility and thus, only a limited amount can be added as a media component. The limited solubility of amino acids in media can raise the risk of media precipitation and instability, and could contribute to suboptimal culture performance due to insufficient nutrient levels to meet cellular demands. In this study, we examine the use of chemically synthesized dipeptides as an alternative method for delivering amino acids to various monoclonal antibody producing cell lines. In particular, we focus on tyrosine‐containing dipeptides. Due to their substantially higher solubility (up to 250‐fold as compared with free tyrosine), tyrosine‐containing dipeptides can efficiently provide large amounts of tyrosine to cultured cells. When tested in fed‐batch processes, these supplemental dipeptides exerted positive effects, including enhanced culture viability and titer. Moreover, dipeptide‐supplemented cultures displayed improved metabolic profiles including lower lactate and NH production, and better pH maintenance. In bioreactor studies using two‐sided pH control, a lactate spike occurring on Day 10 and the concomitant high levels of base addition could be prevented with dipeptide supplementation. These beneficial effects could be obtained by one‐time addition of dipeptides during inoculation, and did not require further feeds during the entire 11–15‐day process. Non‐tyrosine‐containing dipeptides, such as His–Gly, also showed improved productivity and viability over control cultures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 2286–2294. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Better Beginnings, Better Futures Project: Long‐term Parent, Family, and Community Outcomes of a Universal, Comprehensive, Community‐Based Prevention Approach for Primary School Children and their Families
Authors: Pancer S. Mark , Nelson Geoffrey , Hasford Julian , Loomis Colleen
Published: March 2012

Better Beginnings, Better Futures is a large‐scale, multi‐year, longitudinal research‐demonstration project designed to reduce children's problems, promote healthy child development, and enhance family and community environments in three economically disadvantaged communities in the province of Ontario, Canada. The initial intervention was implemented from 1993 to 1997 and focused on families with children from 4 to 8 years of age in their first 4 years of schooling (from Junior Kindergarten to Grade 2). This study examined the long‐term parent, family and community programme outcomes, 15 years after the start of the intervention, when the young people who had participated in the intervention as young children were 18 to 19 years of age. Comparison of intervention communities with matched non‐intervention communities showed a mix of outcomes. Although few significant differences between intervention and comparison communities were found with regard to parents' health and family outcomes, there was evidence that parents in the intervention communities were engaging in fewer risk behaviours, had lower levels of depression and had more community involvement than parents in the comparison communities. These results suggest that the intervention did have some positive long‐term effects on youths' parents and on their community environments. Results are discussed with respect to the importance of considering family and neighbourhood contexts in the development and evaluation of prevention programmes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reanimating the vital center: Challenges and opportunities in the regional talent development pipeline
Authors: Austin John
Published: March 2012

The Midwest led the creation of the modern community college and public university, designed to support the advance of the industrial economy that grew to be centered in the region. In today's knowledge‐driven economy the role of learning and research institutions has changed dramatically. Looking forward, these institutions must change and contribute in new ways to the region's economic prosperity.
Building regional economic growth and innovation capacity
Authors: Rafn H. Jeffrey
Published: March 2012

This chapter provides a case study on how thirteen institutions of higher education, ten of which are community colleges, created a blueprint for successful regional collaboration on critical education and economic challenges.
Illinois Innovation Talent Project: Implications for two‐year institutions
Authors: Tyszko Jason A. , Sheets Robert G.
Published: March 2012

This chapter defines innovation, explores how companies are reorganizing work and learning to promote innovation, and examines the implications for developing innovation talent in Midwestern high schools and two‐year colleges.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of R2PbSi2S8 (R: Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho), R2PbSi2Se8 (R: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) and R2PbGe2S8 (R: Ce, Pr) Compounds.
Authors: Daszkiewicz M. , Marchuk O. V. , Gulay L. D. , Kaczorowski D.
Published: March 2012

The title compounds are prepared from the elements (1150 °C for 3 h followed by annealing at 500 °C for 720 h) and their crystal structure is determined by powder and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyhedral Magnetite Nanocrystals with Multiple Facets: Facile Synthesis, Structural Modelling, Magnetic Properties and Application for High Capacity Lithium Storage.
Authors: Su Dawei , Horvat Josip , Munroe Paul , Ahn Hyojun , Ranjbartoreh Ali R. , Wang Guoxiu
Published: March 2012

Polyhedral Fe3O4 nanocrystals with multiple facets are hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous solution of FeSO4, Fe(NO3)3, and LiOH (autoclave, 180 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Li2B3O4F3, a New Lithium‐Rich Fluorooxoborate.
Authors: Pilz Thomas , Nuss Hanne , Jansen Martin
Published: March 2012

The new title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a 2:1 mixture of LiBO2 and LiBF4 (553 K, 500 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Wheel‐Shaped Indium—Telluride Nanocluster [In18Te30(dach)6]6‐: Its Formation and Structure.
Authors: Wang Yu‐Hong , Luo Wen , Jiang Jian‐Bing , Bian Guo‐Qing , Zhu Qin‐Yu , Dai Jie
Published: March 2012

The new compound [Mn(dach)3]2 [In18Te30(dach)6] ·2Hdach·H2O (I) (dach: 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane) is solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of InCl3, Mn, and Te in a 7:3 mixture of dach and H2O (pyrex tube, 140 °C, 4 d, 40% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Ytterbium(III) Triflate: An Efficient and Simple Catalyst for Isomerization of 2′‐Hydroxychalcone and 2′‐Aminochalcones in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Rao V. Kameswara , Rao M. Sudershan , Kumar Anil
Published: March 2012

The catalytic system can be recycled and reused.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct N‐ and C‐Vinylation with Trimethoxyvinylsilane.
Authors: Arsenyan Pavel , Petrenko Alla , Paegle Edgars , Belyakov Sergey
Published: March 2012

If a solvent other than dioxane is used for the conversion of (IX) to (X), the respective dialkyne homo coupling product is formed as well besides the desired product (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Homoallylboration and Homocrotylboration of Aldehydes.
Authors: Pei Wenbo , Krauss Isaac J.
Published: March 2012

The reactions allow simple, diastereo‐ and enantioselective access to bishomoallyl alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Heteroaryl Boronic Acids and Vinyl Chlorides.
Authors: Thakur Ashish , Zhang Kainan , Louie Janis
Published: March 2012

An efficient protocol for minimizing protodeboronation in the title reaction using a catalyst combination of Pd(O‐Ac)2 and SPhos in conjuction with CsF in iPrOH is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of Benzyl Chlorides with Terminal Alkynes to Give 1,4‐Diaryl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ones and Related Furanones.
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: March 2012

Palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative coupling of benzyl chlorides (I) with benzylethyne (II) provides access towards a range of benzylidenefuranones (IV), while the reaction with aryl‐ and cycloalkylethynes (V) affords butynones (VI), exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Peroxide Mediated Efficient Amidation and Esterification of Aldehydes: Scope and Selectivity.
Authors: Tank Rekha , Pathak Uma , Vimal Manorama , Bhattacharyya Shubhankar , Pandey Lokesh Kumar
Published: March 2012

The reaction is conducted using an environmentally benign and simple protocol which leads to easily isolable products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Method for the Selective Deprotection of Silyl Ethers Using KF in the Presence of Tetraethylene Glycol.
Authors: Yan Hailong , Oh Joong‐Suk , Song Choong Eui
Published: March 2012

Title deprotection of silyl ethers tolerates a variety of acid‐sensitive functional groups like tetrahydropyranyl or furyl groups.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted 1,3‐Dienes by Hydromagnesiation‐Cross‐Coupling Tandem Reaction of Alkylarylacetylenes with Alkenyl Iodides.
Authors: Ye Xinglin , Wang Pingping , Zhang Haiyun , Cai Mingzhong
Published: March 2012

The procedure is described as applicable to the stereocontrolled synthesis of naturally occurring 1,3‐diene systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemoselective Condensation of β‐Naphthol, Aldehyde, and Urea Catalyzed by Thiamine Hydrochloride.
Authors: Lei Min , Ma Lei , Hu Lihong
Published: March 2012

Multicomponent reaction of aldehydes (III), which bear electron‐donating groups, yields oxazinones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Access to β‐Oxodiazo Compounds by Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Rearrangement of Stabilized Vinyl Diazo Derivatives.
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Lonzi Giacomo , Riesgo Lorena , Tomas Miguel , Lopez Luis A.
Published: March 2012

The target compounds can be converted into various derivatives like (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structures of Fluoroalkylated Triketides.
Authors: Buettner Stefan , Desens Willi , Michalik Dirk , Langer Peter
Published: March 2012

The 3,5‐dioxoesters of type (III) exist exclusively in their enol tautomer form.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Michael Addition of Malonic Acid Half‐Thioesters to β‐Nitroolefins: From Mimicry of Polyketide Synthases to Scalable Synthesis of γ‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Bae Han Yong , Some Surajit , Lee Jae Heon , Kim Ju‐Young , Song Myoung Jong , Lee Sungyul , Zhang Yong Jian , Song Choong Eui
Published: March 2012

The amide (ALK) efficiently promotes the asymmetric coupling of nitroolefins with the thioester (II) giving adducts of type (III)/(VII) with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Methoxy Ether Cleavage of 2,6‐Dimethoxyphenol Followed by a Selective Acylation.
Authors: Adogla Enoch A. , Janser Romy F. J. , Fairbanks Samuel S. , Vortolomei Caitlyn M. , Meka Ranjith K. , Janser Ingo
Published: March 2012

Treatment of (I) with AlCl3 and acyl chlorides at elevated temperature results in selective cleavage of one methoxy group followed by a regioselective acylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Cleavage of Dihydropyrimidine Skeleton.
Authors: Cho Hidetsura , Kwon Eunsang , Yasui Yoshizumi , Kobayashi Satoshi , Yoshida Shin‐ichiro , Nishimura Yoshio , Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: March 2012

Nucleophilic reaction of substrate (I) with anilines and phenylhydrazine results in unexpected ring opening to yield compounds of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CuII—β‐Cyclodextrin Complex as a Nanocatalyst for the Homo‐ and Cross‐Coupling of Arylboronic Acids under Ligand‐ and Base‐Free Conditions in Air: Chemoselective Cross‐Coupling of Arylboronic Acids in Water.
Authors: Kaboudin Babak , Abedi Yaghoub , Yokomatsu Tsutomu
Published: March 2012

Homocoupling of aryl‐ and styrylboronic acids and their hydrolysis to afford biaryls and phenols, resp., are very sensitive to steric effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of β,β‐Diaryl Esters and Ketones from Ethynylcarbonyl Compounds by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Double Arylation with Arylboroxins.
Authors: Nishimura Takahiro , Noishiki Akira , Hayashi Tamio
Published: March 2012

The title reaction proceeds via double arylation of β‐alkoxyacrylate intermediates which are generated in situ from CF3—CH2—OH and the corresponding alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Mediated ArSE Aroylation of Naphthalene Derivative: Distinct Second Aroylation Behavior of α‐Naphthyl Ketone.
Authors: Okamoto Akiko , Mitsui Ryosuke , Oike Hideaki , Yonezawa Noriyuki
Published: March 2012

The formation of the products strongly depends on the Lewis acid and the specific conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Arylhydroxynitroindoles: A New Procedure for the Cleavage of Aryl Methyl Ethers.
Authors: Kokurkina G. V. , Dutov M. D. , Shevelev S. A.
Published: March 2012

The cleavage of the ether bond in methoxyindoles of type (III) can be achieved by heating in tetrabutylammonium bromide.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Substituted‐isoindoles: A Novel Synthetic Route and a Study of the Diels—Alder and Michael Reactions.
Authors: Voitenko Zoia V. , Sypchenko Volodymyr V. , Levkov Igor V. , Potikha Lyudmila M. , Kovtunenko Volodymyr A. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Shishkina Svetlana V.
Published: March 2012

A novel one‐step procedure for the synthesis of isoindoles (III) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Merging Organocatalysis and Gold Catalysis: Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetracyclic Indole Derivatives Through a Sequential Double Friedel—Crafts Type Reaction.
Authors: Loh Charles C. J. , Badorrek Jan , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter
Published: March 2012

The products are of a significant interest due to their potential pharmaceutical activity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Multicomponent Reaction to Synthesis of 3‐(5‐Amino‐3‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐3‐arylpropanoic Acids in Ionic Liquid
Authors: Xiao Zhiyong , Lei Min , Hu Lihong
Published: March 2012

discussion of the mechanism
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective Synthesis of Indazolo[2,1‐a]indazole‐6,12‐diones by Regioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Acylation/Coupling Cyclization Process.
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Yu Bin , Cui Yuan , Sun Xiaoqiang , Bao Weiliang
Published: March 2012

Title compounds (III) are synthesized via a cascade intermolecular N‐acylation/intramolecular C—N coupling cyclization process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and anti‐Candida Potential of Certain Novel 1‐[(3‐Substituted‐3‐phenyl)propyl]‐1H‐imidazoles.
Authors: Aboul‐Enein Mohamed Nabil , El‐Azzouny Aida Abd El‐Sattar , Attia Mohamed Ibrahim , Saleh Ola Ahmed , Kansoh Amany Lotfy
Published: March 2012

Esters (VIIIc) and (VIIId), the most active derivatives synthesized, are equipotent with the reference antifungal tioconazole and more potent than miconazole against Candida albicans and Candida pseudotropicales.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Radha Y. , Manjula A. , Reddy B. Madhava , Rao B. Vittal
Published: March 2012

Novel benzimidazole derivatives possessing two different structural moieties (III) and (VII) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Some Novel Pyrazole Substituted Benzimidazoles (V) and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities.
Authors: Kalirajan R. , Rathore Leela , Jubie S. , Gowramma B. , Gomathy S. , Sankar S.
Published: March 2012

Some compounds show significant antibacterial, e.g. (Va), (Ve), (Vg), (Vi), good antifungal, e.g. (Vg), (Vh), good anticancer, e.g. (Vf), (Vh) or significant antitubercular activities (Vb).
ChemInform Abstract: Click‐Chemistry Approach to Isoxazole‐Containing α‐CF3‐Substituted α‐Aminocarboxylates and α‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: Vorobyeva Daria V. , Karimova Natalya M. , Odinets Irina L. , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Osipov Sergey N.
Published: March 2012

With the object to obtaining promising biologically active compounds, novel α‐CF3‐substituted α‐aminocarboxylates and ‐phosphonates (III) and (V) bearing the isoxazole pharmacophore are synthesized.