bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Neural Correlates of Empathy in Juveniles Who Have Sexually Offended
Authors: Jones Sara , Cisler Josh , Morais Hugo , Bai Shasha
Published: February 2016

To effectively address the needs of youth who perpetrate sexual violence and reduce rates of recidivism, a better understanding of the mechanisms of juvenile sexual offending is needed. Current literature identifies various factors that are believed to put youth at risk for sexual offending, two of which are empathy deficits and childhood sexual abuse (CSA). The extent to which empathy deficits contribute to juvenile sexual offending, however, is often debated, though studies have not yet explored a neurobehavioral model of this mechanism. This pilot study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the neural correlates of empathy in juveniles who sexually offend (JSOs), and the possible role of CSA. A total of 38 males (ages 12-20) were enrolled, including 11 healthy control subjects and 27 JSOs, of which, 11 had a history of CSA. Participants underwent clinical assessment and completed an empathy task during fMRI. Using both whole-brain and region-of-interest analysis, results of the fMRI data showed no statistical differences in engagement of brain regions associated with empathy between controls and all JSOs. There were also no significant differences between JSOs with and without a history of CSA. These null findings pose implications for guiding future research studies with larger samples and more statistical power, and may support the need to further explore empathy-related explanatory models and interventions for JSOs. Neuroimaging may demonstrate to be a useful tool to identify individualized risk factors and aid in tailoring interventions for this population.
Acetate tape impression test for diagnosis of notoedric mange in cats
Authors: Sampaio Keytyanne O , de Oliveira Lorena MB , Burmann Priscylla M , Sousa Filho Reginaldo P , Evangelista Janaina SAM , Cunha Marina GMCM
Published: February 2016

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of acetate tape impression with skin squeezing and superficial skin scraping methods for the diagnosis of burrowing mites ( Notoedres cati) in cats.

Methods

Samples were collected from 50 cats showing signs of notoedric mange. The most affected region was selected for sampling using acetate tape impression with skin squeezing, and superficial skin scraping.

Results

No significant difference was observed in the number of mites found by both methods, regardless of the stage of development of the mite. The tests showed a high correlation to the total number of mites (r = 0.928). However, in two animals it was possible to confirm the presence of N cati only by the acetate tape impression test.

Conclusions and relevance

We conclude that the acetate tape impression test is a good method for confirming the presence of N cati in cats. In our experience, this technique is as sensitive as superficial skin scraping, even in animals presenting with a low infestation. Moreover, the technique is less traumatic and allows the collection of clinical specimens in more sensitive locations, such as the eyelids, lips and paws.
Diaspora as an Ethnographic Method
Authors: James Malcolm
Published: February 2016

This article reflects on diaspora as an ethnographic method. Grounded in a decolonial critique of colonial methodologies (including an evaluation of transnational scholarship), it discusses how diaspora provides intellectual and practical tools for ethnography, tools grounded in the appreciation for the relational, dialogical and poetic qualities of social and cultural life and invested in decolonial approaches to knowledge and power. This article is not another call for a one-size-fits-all approach to ethnographic methods, but instead reflects on the knots of ethnographic enquiry around three outer East London youth clubs, between 2008 and 2012. In doing so, it highlights a number of debates pertinent to this special issue: how to think and do ethnography with young people in a changing migratory and racialized landscape; how to engage transformations in youth culture; and how to address digital technologies.
Transition to higher education in contemporary China: A study of high school graduates in urban Nanjing
Authors: Lai Gina , Song Jing , Wong Odalia , Feng Xiaotian
Published: February 2016

China has undergone an expansion of higher education in the 1990s. The university enrollment rate among high school graduates increased from 27.3% in 1990 to 87.6% in 2013. At the same time, Chinese universities are stratified into key universities and non-key universities, which differ significantly in resource input and prestige. Chinese parents are found to play an increasingly active role in preparing their children for the competition to get into elite universities. Researchers argue that in the era of mass education, social inequality is effectively maintained through school stratification and raising entrance bars for prestigious institutions. Thus, the focus of educational inequality should move from quantitative to qualitative differences. While educational inequality in China has attracted much research attention in the past decade, little is understood about educational inequality in China in qualitative terms. The present study aims to fill this research gap. Data come from a panel survey of 759 high school graduates in urban Nanjing initiated in 2010. A vast majority of these students (98.4%) were enrolled in post-secondary education in 2012, among whom 96.6% attended colleges or universities in China. Our findings do not show inequality in mere access by family background or high school prestige. However, family backgrounds make a difference in educational destinations (local vs. overseas as well as prestige of the institutions) but the family impact tends to be mediated by high school ranking. The findings suggest meritocratic elitism in mass education in China, which legitimizes the intergenerational transfer of social advantages and mediated role of school in producing educational inequality.
Development of a web-based epidemiological surveillance system with health system response for improving maternal and newborn health: Field-testing in Thailand
Authors: Liabsuetrakul Tippawan , Prappre Tagoon , Pairot Pakamas , Oumudee Nurlisa , Islam Monir
Published: February 2016

Surveillance systems are yet to be integrated with health information systems for improving the health of pregnant mothers and their newborns, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to develop a web-based epidemiological surveillance system for maternal and newborn health with integration of action-oriented responses and automatic data analysis with results presentations and to assess the system acceptance by nurses and doctors involved in various hospitals in southern Thailand. Freeware software and scripting languages were used. The system can be run on different platforms, and it is accessible via various electronic devices. Automatic data analysis with results presentations in the forms of graphs, tables and maps was part of the system. A multi-level security system was incorporated into the program. Most doctors and nurses involved in the study felt the system was easy to use and useful. This system can be integrated into country routine reporting system for monitoring maternal and newborn health and survival.
Sensory material architectures: Concepts and methodologies for spatial tectonics and tactile responsivity in knitted textile hybrid structures
Authors: Ahlquist Sean
Published: February 2016

As the knowledge of material computation advances, continuing the seamless integration of design and fabrication, questions beyond materialization can be addressed with a focus on sensing, feedback, and engagement as critical factors of design exploration. This article will discuss a series of prototypes, design methodologies, and technologies that articulate a textile’s micro-architecture, at the scale of fibers and stitches, to instrumentalize simultaneous structural, spatial, and sensory-responsive qualities. The progression of research displays an ever-deepening instrumentalization of fiber structure and its implications to form definition and responsivity, in creating form- and bending-active structures. The research results in a more refined definition of material behavior as the innate phenomena which emerge at the moment of textile fabrication. Ultimately, the architecture, in its materiality and physical, visual, and auditory responsivity, is designed to address specific challenges for children in filtering multiple sensory inputs, an underlying factor of autism spectrum disorder.
Analysis of Kentucky’s Law Protecting the Rights of Schoolchildren With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Culp-Roche Amanda , Adegboyega Adebola
Published: February 2016

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic, life-threatening disorder that affects children of all ages. Based on data from 2008 to 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that in the United States, 191,986 youth younger than age 20 require treatment for diabetes, the majority of whom have Type 1 diabetes mellitus. These children require assistance with counting carbohydrates, testing blood glucose, and administering subcutaneous insulin. Establishing appropriate diabetes care models in schools is necessary for children’s immediate safety, long-term well-being, and optimal academic performance. Kentucky House Bill 98 was passed by the state legislature in 2014 to allow unlicensed school personnel to assist children with diabetes care. The purpose of this article is to apply Kingdon’s policy streams model to an analysis of a state policy allowing unlicensed school personnel to assist children with diabetes care. The article covers potential policy alternatives and concludes with a discussion of implications for nursing practice.
A Hospital-Based Interdisciplinary Model for Increasing Nurses’ Engagement in Legislative Advocacy
Authors: Waddell Ashley , Audette Kathryn , DeLong Amy , Brostoff Marcie
Published: February 2016

The Legislative Action Interest Group (LAIG) is a hospital-based health policy forum that engages nurses in exploring clinical implications of existing and pending health policies and regulations, while also creating a feedback loop to inform policy makers about the realities nursing practice and patient care. The LAIG is a collaborative effort between the hospital’s Department of Nursing and Patient Care Services and the Office of Government Relations at an academic children’s hospital. Nurses participating in the LAIG forums build a working knowledge of health policy and can articulate the practice realities for policy decision makers. Participants explore the political context of nursing and pediatric policies while learning about the state legislative process. Beyond the monthly meetings, members build policy advocacy skills and have testified at public hearings, met with state and federal legislators, and led tours for policy makers through the hospital. The LAIG model also benefits the government relations staff by providing time for them to discuss clinical implications of pending policies with nurses from practice settings in the hospital. Forum discussions enhance the ability of the hospital’s lobbyists to articulate practice implications of health policy to lawmakers. This case study, describing the origin, structure, operations, and outcomes of the LAIG model, and has implications for nurses in hospitals and academic settings who are interested in engaging in policy work. Opportunities to research the sustainability, replicability, and patient-centered outcomes of LAIG forums represent future work needed to advance nursing’s participation in policy.
Do Social Bonds Buffer the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Reoffending?
Authors: Craig Jessica M. , Baglivio Michael T. , Wolff Kevin T. , Piquero Alex R. , Epps Nathan
Published: February 2016

Research from multiple disciplines has reported that exposure to childhood traumatic events, often referred to as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), increases an individual’s chances of experiencing a wide variety of negative consequences such as chronic disease, unemployment, and involvement in serious, violent, and chronic offending. The current study assesses how protective factors from social bonds may moderate the relationship between ACEs and future offending in a sample of high-risk adjudicated youth. While results showed that increased ACE exposure led to a higher likelihood of rearrest and more social bonds lowered the likelihood of rearrest, in contrast to expectations, the analyses revealed that stronger social bonds did not reduce the deleterious effects of exposure to more types of ACEs on recidivism. A discussion of these findings is offered, along with study limitations and future directions.
Resolvin D1, resolvin D2 and maresin 1 activate the GSK3β anti-inflammatory axis in TLR4-engaged human monocytes
Authors: Gu Zhen , Lamont Gwyneth J , Lamont Richard J , Uriarte Silvia M , Wang Huizhi , Scott David A
Published: February 2016

Pro-resolving, docosahexaenoic acid-derived mediators have recently emerged as important potential therapeutic agents for the amelioration of complications arising from inflammation, such as vascular disease, asthma, acute lung injury and colitis. While resolvin D1 (RVD1), resolvin D2 (RVD2) and maresin 1 (MaR1) are established pro-resolvins, their mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here we show that, in LPS-stimulated primary human monocytes, RVD1, RVD2 and MaR1 each suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, IL-8) and the innate/adaptive bridging cytokine, IL-12 p40, while simultaneously augmenting the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Such resolving activity is accompanied by the increased phosphorylation (enhanced anti-inflammatory state) of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) along with increased phosphorylation (activation) of Akt, SGK1 and CREB but not MAPK-related molecules. Gain and loss of function experiments confirm a key role for GSK3β and CREB in the anti-inflammatory actions of resolvins. These results suggest that induction of the GSK3β anti-inflammatory axis is a common mechanism of action for RVD1, RVD2 and MaR1.
Duodenal neuroendocrine tumor and the onset of severe diabetes mellitus in a US veteran
Authors: Murray Lauren , Haley Chelsey , Berry-Cabán Cristóbal S , Toledo Almond
Published: February 2016

Objective:

Neuroendocrine tumors are neoplasms derived from endocrine cells, most commonly occurring in the gastrointestinal tract. Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors are rare tumors averaging 1.2–1.5 cm, and most are asymptomatic. Common presentation is abdominal pain, upper gastrointestinal bleed, constipation, anemia, and jaundice.

Methods:

An adult, Black, male patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department with elevated liver function test and fatigue.

Results:

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography demonstrated a large obstructing mass (3.6 cm × 4.4 cm × 3 cm) within the second and third portions of the duodenum at the ampulla. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated an ulcerated duodenal mass that was biopsied. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin B, and CK7. Chromogranin A was in normal range. Post-Whipple procedure demonstrated a 5.5 cm × 4.1 cm × 2.9 cm duodenal mass with invasion of the subserosal tissue of the small intestine, a mitotic rate of 2 per high-power field, and antigen Ki-67 of 2%–5%.

Conclusion:

This case raises the question as to if the patient developed diabetes mellitus due to the tumor size and location or if the new onset of diabetes was coincidental. This case also demonstrates the importance of a proficient history and physical.
Predictors of Financial Identity Development in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Bosch Leslie A. , Serido Joyce , Card Noel A. , Shim Soyeon , Barber Bonnie
Published: February 2016

To explore how emerging adults grapple with the increasing demands of fiscal responsibility, the present study tests a model of identity formation in the domain of finance. We draw on Erikson’s theory of identity formation as operationalized by Marcia’s identity status model, which details four identity statuses: achieved, foreclosed, moratorium, and diffused. A sample of college students ( N = 1,511) were surveyed at two time points: in their first (ages 18–21, T1) and fourth (ages 21–24, T2) years of college. Primarily, we find evidence for financial identity stability, although we found some evidence for financial identity regression from moratorium to foreclosed status. After controlling for T1 financial identity, T1 variables were most predictive of changes in T2 foreclosure: Increases in foreclosure were predicted by measures of perceived parental socioeconomic status, parental communication, financial education, and subjective norms at T1.
A Realist Case Study of a Regional Hospital’s Response to Improve Emergency Department Access in the Context of Australian Health Care Reforms
Authors: Reddy Sandeep , Carey Timothy A. , Wakerman John
Published: February 2016

Introduction:

Major health-care reforms have extended across all Australian public hospitals in recent years. Improving emergency department (ED) access has been a focus of these reforms.

Objective:

This study evaluates how the national reforms have led to improvement in ED access in a regional hospital in remote Australia.

Methods:

Assessing a complex scenario such as national reforms and the challenges faced by the regional hospital to implement these reforms requires in-depth analysis. A realist evaluation theory-based approach was employed, allowing investigation of what, how, why, and for whom change occurred. A case study mixed methods design was adopted within the realist framework to answer these questions about change.

Results and Conclusion:

The study identified moderate improvement in ED access as a result of the reforms (investment in infrastructure and workforce and the introduction of ED targets). Clinical leadership and support from management were essential for the improvement. Without ongoing investment and clinical redesign activities, however, sustainability of the improvement may prove difficult.
Can Management Education Create New Model Leaders?
Authors: Gillespie Janet
Published: February 2016

After all our years of observation and research, why can we not seem to discover how to teach in a way that will give our world great leaders? If business school teachers and researchers could discover this one thing—what do we need to do to teach transformative leadership frames of mind to our students—wouldn’t it make a worthwhile difference? Short-term thinking in academia and accrediting agencies, with simplistic measurements of success, mitigate finding a solution. I observe leadership models that might be worth considering and recommend streams of research and scholarship that would help in finding answers for assessing long-term learning, tracking conduct of graduates, finding what leaders do to cultivate emotional resilience in the face of challenge and failure, and, importantly, finding ways to measure the deep learning that precedes becoming a superlative leader.
The mathematics of spatial transparency and mystery: using syntactical data to visualise and analyse the properties of the Yuyuan Garden
Authors: Yu Rongrong , Gu Ning , Ostwald Michael
Published: February 2016

Background

One school of thought argues that the Traditional Chinese Private Garden's (TCPG) primary spatial property is that it features both freestanding buildings in space, and spaces freely positions in the landscape, creating a great sense of phenomenal transparency. In contrast, a more traditional interpretation of the TCPG stresses that its primary purpose is to evoke mystery, or provide places of isolation or for retreat.

Method

This paper examines these two complex, multi-variable propositions using Space Syntax theory, a method which enables a mathematical analysis of the structural and visual configuration of the spaces in a plan to be undertaken. The methods used for the analysis are variations of the convex space and isovist mapping techniques, and the data is analysed mathematically and then visually using heat-maps. The sixteenth century Yuyuan Garden, one of the most famous TCPGs, is used as a test case for the research.

Results

The results of this study suggest that those features of the TCPG which are associated with mystery are more correlated with its trafficable structure than its visual accessibility. Conversely, the transparency of the TCPG is potentially more related to the directional features of the space than to transparency in isolation.

Conclusion

This paper presents a computational visualisation and analysis method based on the use of Space Syntax techniques for examining vision and movement potential in a complex garden environment. As demonstrated in the example of the Yuyuan garden, the method is effective for analysing and visualising spatial properties beyond the surface level of forms and shapes. Through the application of this method we have been able to provide a new insight into two of the most famous, but poorly understood perceptual properties of TCPGs: transparency and mystery.
Origin and schizophrenia in young refugees and inter-country
adoptees from Latin America and East Africa in Sweden: a comparative
study
Authors: Manhica Hélio , Hollander Anna-Clara , Almquist Ylva B. , Rostila Mikael , Hjern Anders
Published: February 2016

Background

Migrants' socioeconomic adversity has been linked to schizophrenia.

Aims

To investigate whether the more favourable socioeconomic situation of
adoptees prevents them from the high risk of schizophrenia found in other
migrants.

Method

Register study in a cohort of refugees and inter-country adoptees aged
16–40 years, born in East Africa (n=8389), Latin America
(n=11 572) and 1.2 million native Swedes.
Cox-regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of schizophrenia in
data from psychiatric care.

Results

Despite diverse income levels, HRs for schizophrenia were similar for
refugees and adoptees, with East Africans having the highest HRs: 5.83
(3.30–10.27) and 5.80 (5.03–6.70), followed by Latin Americans: HRs 3.09
(2.49–3.83) and 2.31 (1.79–2.97), compared with native Swedes. Adjustment
for income decreased these risks slightly for refugees, but not for
adoptees.

Conclusions

This study suggests that risk factors associated with origin are more
important determinants of schizophrenia than socioeconomic adversity in
the country of settlement.
Treating anxiety and depression in older adults: randomised
controlled trial comparing guided V. self-guided
internet-delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy
Authors: Titov Nickolai , Fogliati Vincent J. , Staples Lauren G. , Gandy Milena , Johnston Luke , Wootton Bethany , Nielssen Olav , Dear Blake F.
Published: February 2016

Background

Symptoms of anxiety and depression are prevalent in older adults.

Aims

To compare clinician-guided and self-guided versions of a transdiagnostic
internet-delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy (iCBT) intervention for
adults aged 60 years and above.

Method

Adults (n=433) with symptoms of anxiety and depression
were randomly allocated to: (1) clinician-guided treatment
(n=153); (2) initial clinician interview followed by
self-guided treatment (n=140); or (3) self-guided
treatment without interview (n=140).

Results

Large reductions (d ≥1.00) in symptoms of depression and
anxiety were observed across groups, and sustained at follow-up. No
differences were observed in clinical outcomes or satisfaction ratings.
Age did not affect outcomes.

Conclusions

Carefully developed iCBT interventions may significantly reduce symptoms
of anxiety and depression in older adults when delivered in either
clinician-guided or self-guided formats.
The challenges of implementing ADHD clinical guidelines and research best evidence in routine clinical care settings: Delphi survey and mixed-methods study
Authors: Hall Charlotte L. , Taylor John A. , Newell Karen , Baldwin Laurence , Sayal Kapil , Hollis Chris
Published: February 2016

Background

The landmark US Multimodal Treatment of ADHD (MTA) study established the benefits of individualised medication titration and optimisation strategies to improve short- to medium-term outcomes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This individualised medication management approach was subsequently incorporated into the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) ADHD Clinical Guidelines (NICE CG78). However, little is known about clinicians' attitudes towards implementing these medication management strategies for ADHD in routine care.

Aims

To examine National Health Service (NHS) healthcare professionals' consensus on ADHD medication management strategies.

Method

Using the Delphi method, we examined perceptions on the importance and feasibility of implementing 103 ADHD treatment statements from sources including the UK NICE ADHD guidelines and US medication management algorithms.

Results

Certain recommendations for ADHD medication management were judged as important and feasible to implement, including a stepwise titration of stimulant medication. Other recommendations were perceived as important but not feasible to implement in routine practice, such as weekly clinic follow-up with the family during titration and collection of follow-up symptom questionnaires.

Conclusions

Many of the key guideline recommendations for ADHD medication management are viewed by clinicians as important and feasible to implement. However, some recommendations present significant implementation challenges within the context of routine NHS clinical care in England.
Obesity-Dependent Increases in Oocyte mRNAs Are Associated With Increases in Proinflammatory Signaling and Gut Microbial Abundance of Lachnospiraceae in Female Mice
Authors: Xie Fang , Anderson Christopher L. , Timme Kelsey R. , Kurz Scott G. , Fernando Samodha C. , Wood Jennifer R.
Published: February 2016

RNAs stored in the metaphase II-arrested oocyte play important roles in successful embryonic development. Their abundance is defined by transcriptional activity during oocyte growth and selective degradation of transcripts during LH-induced oocyte maturation. Our previous studies demonstrated that mRNA abundance is increased in mature ovulated oocytes collected from obese humans and mice and therefore may contribute to reduced oocyte developmental competence associated with metabolic dysfunction. In the current study mouse models of diet-induced obesity were used to determine whether obesity-dependent increases in proinflammatory signaling regulate ovarian abundance of oocyte-specific mRNAs. The abundance of oocyte-specific Bnc1, Dppa3, and Pou5f1 mRNAs as well as markers of proinflammatory signaling were significantly increased in ovaries of obese compared with lean mice which were depleted of fully grown preovulatory follicles. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation analyses also demonstrated increased association of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 with the Pou5f1 promoter in ovaries of obese mice suggesting that proinflammatory signaling regulates transcription of this gene in the oocyte. The cecum microbial content of lean and obese female mice was subsequently examined to identify potential relationships between microbial composition and proinflammatory signaling in the ovary. Multivariate Association with Linear Models identified significant positive correlations between cecum abundance of the bacterial family Lachnospiraceae and ovarian abundance of Tnfa as well as Dppa3, Bnc1, and Pou5f1 mRNAs. Together, these data suggest that diet-induced changes in gut microbial composition may be contributing to ovarian inflammation which in turn alters ovarian gene expression and ultimately contributes to obesity-dependent reduction in oocyte quality and development of infertility in obese patients.
Endothelial cell-derived semaphorin 3A inhibits filopodia formation by blood vascular tip cells
Authors: Ochsenbein Alexandra M. , Karaman Sinem , Proulx Steven T. , Berchtold Michaela , Jurisic Giorgia , Stoeckli Esther T. , Detmar Michael
Published: February 2016

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A is a well-known major chemoattractant driver of angiogenesis – the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. However, the repellent factors that fine-tune this angiogenic process remain poorly characterized. We investigated the expression and functional role of endothelial cell-derived semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) in retinal angiogenesis, using genetic mouse models. We found Sema3a mRNA expression in the ganglion cell layer and the presence of Sema3A protein on larger blood vessels and at the growing front of blood vessels in neonatal retinas. The Sema3A receptors neuropilin-1 and plexin-A1 were expressed by retinal blood vessels. To study the endothelial cell-specific role of Sema3A, we generated endothelial cell-specific Sema3A knockout mouse strains by constitutive or inducible vascular endothelial cadherin-Cre-mediated gene disruption. We found that in neonatal retinas of these mice, both the number and the length of tip cell filopodia were significantly increased and the leading edge growth pattern was irregular. Retinal explant experiments showed that recombinant Sema3A significantly decreased VEGF-A-induced filopodia formation. Endothelial cell-specific knockout of Sema3A had no impact on blood vessel density or skin vascular leakage in adult mice. These findings indicate that endothelial cell-derived Sema3A exerts repelling functions on VEGF-A-induced tip cell filopodia and that a lack of this signaling cannot be rescued by paracrine sources of Sema3A.
The Notch meeting: an odyssey from structure to function
Authors: Chitnis Ajay , Bally-Cuif Laure
Published: February 2016

The Notch signaling pathway plays fundamental roles in diverse developmental processes. Studies of the basic biology of Notch function have provided insights into how its dysfunction contributes to multi-systemic diseases and cancer. In addition, our understanding of Notch signaling in maintaining stem/progenitor cell populations is revealing new avenues for rekindling regeneration. The Notch IX meeting, which was held in Athens, Greece in October 2015, brought together scientists working on different model systems and studying Notch signaling in various contexts. Here, we provide a summary of the key points that were presented at the meeting. Although we focus on the molecular mechanisms that determine Notch signaling and its role in development, we also cover talks describing roles for Notch in adulthood. Together, the talks revealed how interactions between adjacent cells mediated by Notch regulate development and physiology at multiple levels.
Neokaisaria (Pierie): Exemple d' emigration massive recente a partir d un village de Macedoine occidentale vers l' Allemagne Federale
Authors: Kolodny Emile
Published: February 2016

Dans le contexte des migrations helléniques contemporaines les
mouvements en direction de l'Allemagne Fédérale se distinguent par
leur caractère récent et massif, leur destination fonctionnelle comme
main d’oeuvre industrielle non spécialisée, un certaine fluidité, ainsi
que des origines géographiques précises. La majorité des migrants
viennent de Macédoine, région tardivement rattachée à l'Hellade et
dont la population a été profondément remaniée avec le conflit grécoturc
de 1912-23, par l’apport en nombre des réfugiés d’Asie Mineure.
Neokaisaria, petit village des environs de Katerini, fondé en 1928
par des réfugiés originaires du Pont et qui a perdu la moitié de sa
population depuis 1961 par le fait des départs vers la RFA, offre le
cadre d'une étude monographique, représentative à maints égards des
processus migratoires en milieu rural macédonien. Cette étude a été
effectuée parallèlement dans la localité de départ et la concentration
principale de ces migrants en RFA, dans la région urbaine de Stuttgart,
entre 1975 et 1977. Elle se fonde à la fois sur l’exploitation de
sources et documents inédits, grecs et allemands, ainsi que sur des enquêtes
individuelles. L'étude monographique de Neokaisaria s'insère
dans le cadre d’une recherche géographique plus vaste, engagée par le
CNRS depuis 1975, et qui concerne les migrations de main-d’oeuvre
entre six pays de la façade septentrionale de la Méditerranée et
l'Allemagne Fédérale.
Les fiefs electoraux en epire: Une analyse quantitative des elections dans le departe ment de Jannina entre 1956 et 1964
Authors: Damianakos Stathis
Published: February 2016

Lieu de manifestation privilégié des relations de clientèle dans lacam­
pagne grecque, le fief électoral constitue un mode particulier d’inser­
tion de la paysannerie dans la vie politique nationale et exprime un
certain type de rapports entre le Pouvoir et les structures élémentaires
(sociabilité villageoise). La persistance, la transformation ou le
dépérissement de ces rapports témoignent aussi bien de l'évolution
différenciée que fait subir aux sociétés locales traditionnelles la
pénétration inégale des rapports capitalistes, que du degré selon le­
quel le système de patronage stoppe, détourne, tempère, transforme
ou dissimule le caractère de classe des conflits sociaux. Le déroule­
ment du jeu électoral dans le département de Janriina au cours des
cinq consultations électorales qui ont eu lieu entre 1956 et 1964, fait,
dans cette perspective, l'objet d’une analyse quantitative qui tranche,
par sa démarche, sur les études de la sociologie électorale tradition 

nelle: l’objectif primordial n'est pas l'étude de la distribution spatiale
de l'influence des partis politiques ou la mesure de l'impact de cer
laines variables sur le choix électoral, mais bien plus l'analyse des
mécanismes sociaux qui aboutissent au vote et leur évaluation quan­
titative; l'électorat paysan n’est pas traité comme une catégorie parmi
d’autres au niveau national, une spécificité lui est attribuée qui con­
siste non pas dans le «qui» mais dans le «comment» de son choix
électoral; l’unité d'analyse est celle de la commune (reconnue comme
le niveau d'agrégation le plus pertinent pour les variables choisies) et
non pas celle du canton ou du département qui déforment con­
sidérablement (annulent, renforcent ou inversent) les associations et
corrélations constatées dans des unités plus restreintes. L'article
présente une partie des résultats de cette recherche; dans un premier
chapitreest examiné le contexte de la région à l'aide d'une batterie de
variables démographiques, géographiques et culturelles. Le second
chapitre analyse les rapports qu'entretiennent ces mêmes variables
avec une variable construite («le comportement électoral»!, censée
mesurer l’emprise des relations de clientèle pour chaque commune.
Enfin, dans un troisième chapitre, un modèle d'analyse multivariée
est proposé qui aboutit à une typologie des espaces sociaux et élec­
toraux de la région. La cartographie qui accompagne le texte révèle
des contiguïtés et des ruptures spatiales significatives
Representation mythique du monde et domination masculine chez les Pomaques Grecs
Authors: Vernier Bernard
Published: February 2016

Ce travail, qui fait partie d'un ensemble de recherches sur les rapports
de dominations et/ou d'exploitation intra familiaux en Grèce, essaie
d’éviter le double écueil du formalisme théorique et de la monographie
dépourvue de problématique. Utilisant la méthode de l'étude
de cas, l'analyse des rapports entre les sexes dans un village
pomaque sert de prétexte à l'analyse d'un mode de domination par­
ticulier par lequel peut se réaliser l'exploitation des femmes dans cer­
taines sticiétés rurales.
On ne peut comprendre la division sexuelle du travail chez les
Pomaques sans la référer au système des oppositions mythiques qui
informe toutes les pratiques et les classe en masculines ou féminines.
Les contradictions apparentes s'expliquent par les problèmes que ren
contre la pensée mythique en s'actualisant dans la division du travail
et qui sont d'ordre technico-économique autant que logique. Si la
pensée mythique échappe cependant à la contradiction c'est qu elle
classe les activités selon différents types de classement en saisissant
chaque activité sous une multitude de rapports: lieu d'exercise,
posture exigée, caractère plus ou moins salissant du travail, etc.
En position dominante dans les rapports de production, les hom­
mes trouvent, dans les oppositions mythiques, les conditions idéologi­
ques du maintien de leur domination. Parcequ'il fonde la place de
chaque sexe dans la nature des choses, parcequ'il tend à produire con­
tinûment les preuves de sa véracité et qu'il est relativement autonome
par rapport aux rapports de domination et d'exploitation qu'il soustend, le «discours» mythique occulte ces rapports. Par ailleurs en
reléguant les femmes dans un espace clos, en les excluant de l'école et
du cinéma, en les séparant d'avec l'argent il est au principe de leur
dépendance totale et il leur ôte les instruments intellectuels et les
moyens matériels nécessaires à leur libération
Du fait de leur position dominante, les hommes ont trouvé dans les
changements, provoqués par l'ouverture de la société pomaque vers
l'extérieur, l'occasion de renforcer leur position. Pour les femmes les
changements ont entraîné un surcroît de travail et surtout un ren­
forcement de leur dévalorisation. Cependant ils sont à terme, pour
elles, des facteurs de libération comme le montre l'émergence chez les
jeunes filles d’une conscience aiguë de leur exploitation.
Elymbos, village de Karpathos: Structuration d' une societe "archaisante"
Authors: Capetanakis Sissi
Published: February 2016

F.lymbos, dans Elle de Karpathos, est une communauté villageoise
fortement stratifiée, structurée selon trois dichotomies complémen­
taires: la première entre hommes et femmes, qui sc traduit par l’exi­
stence de deux lignes de dcscedance. l'une paternelle-masculine et
l’autre maternelle-féminine; une seconde, fondée sur l'âge relatif qui
introduit une discrimination entre aînés et cadets des deux sexes: et
une troisième, entre deux groupes socio-professionnels, les agri­
culteurs et les bergers. Ce système constitue le modèle de référence.
L'émigration massive conduit au dépeuplement progressif du
village. Cependant, même si les retours périodiques des émigrés ont
amené le bouleversement de l'organisation sociale traditionnelle, la
restructuration de la société, tout en traduisant une situation conflic
tuelle entre deux systèmes de valeurs différents, le système tradition­
nel et celui du monde extérieur, se greffe sur le modèle de référence,
pourtant vidé de sa substance fonctionnelle.
Les inegalites du changement dans un village montagnard Grec: (Sterea Hellas: Evritanie)
Authors: Collard A.
Published: February 2016

Cet article se basesur 8 mois de travailsur le terrain effectué en 1978.
dans un village montagnard d'Evritanie en Grèce Centrale.
Les changements sociaux, dans la définition la plus large du terme, se
produisent sur plusieurs niveaux de l'organisation sociale: économe
que, politique, social, etc... Ces niveaux sont étroitement liés entre eux 

dans l'univers social, quoique les changements qui les affectent soient
souvent inégaux, c'est-à-dire qu'ils se produisent à des rythmes
différents et pour les raisons variées. Ln conséquence, ces
changements peuvent entraîner certaines contradictions (par exemple
l'absence de changement) dans une composante quelconque du
champ social ou dans lefonctionnement de la société en question. C es
changements peuvent également faire apparaître certaines inégalités
entre diverses parties de la société, par exemple entre régions rurales
et urbaines.
L'article décrit les manifestations et les raisons de l'inégalité du
changement dans une communauté donnée de la Grèce rurale. Le
village, dans la société globale grecque, est souvent «défavorisé»,
pour la bonne raison que les changements qui s'y produisent, dépen
dent, en grande partie, de processus qui dépassent ses frontières. Ceci
se manifeste dans certaines contradictions qui naissent au sein même
du village, par exemple dans la façon dont se combinent le
«moderne» et le «traditionnel». On peut comprendre le village si on
le considère comme le lieu où s'exercent des forces qui lui sont ex
térieures et à la lumière d'évènements qui sont propres à la société
globale. C’est dans cette perspective que l'on peut savoir pourquoi
une communauté particulière existe sous sa forme actuelle
Changement et immobilite dans la montagne de Corfou
Authors: Couroucli Maria
Published: February 2016

Cet article repose sur uneétude d'anthropologie historique à Episkepsi. un village de montagne à Corfou. Un riche matériel d'archives a
permis de suivre l'évolution de sa population et de son organisation
économique pendant plus de deux siècles. Pendant la période de
l'entre-deux-guerres la réformeagraire fait des anciens colons des pro­
priétaires de petites exploitations en même temps que la technologie
moderne fait son apparition au village. Ceci a bouleversé les rapports
sociaux, mais les paysans se sont vite adaptés à la nouvelle réalité tout
en concervant leconoiflie traditionnelle basée sur la monoculture de
l'olivier, qui devient le seul produit commercialisé du village.
Si Episkepsi est actuellement assez prospère et en profite pour
adopter un mode de vie moderne, c’est parce quelle a su s’ouvrir au
monde extérieur et échapper ainsi à son isolement géographique, tout
en concervant certaines structures traditionnelles qui assurent la sur­
vie de la communauté en tant qu'unité sociale.
Advances in Understanding and Managing Chronic Urticaria
Authors: Moolani Yasmin , Lynde Charles , Sussman Gordon
Published: February 2016

There have been recent advances in the classification and management of chronic urticaria. The new term chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) has replaced chronic idiopathic urticaria and chronic autoimmune urticaria. In addition, chronic inducible urticaria (CINDU) has replaced physical urticaria and includes other forms of inducible urticaria, such as cholinergic and aquagenic urticaria. Furthermore, novel research has resulted in a new understanding with guidelines being revised in the past year by both the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAAAI) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)/Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN)/European Dermatology Forum (EDF)/World Allergy Organization (WAO). There are some differences in the recommendations, which will be discussed, but the core updates are common to both groups. The basic treatment for chronic urticaria involves second-generation non-sedating non-impairing H1 antihistamines as first-line treatment. This is followed by up to a 4-fold increase in the licensed dose of these H1 antihistamines. The major therapeutic advance in recent years has been in third-line treatment with omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E (anti-IgE) antibody that prevents binding of IgE to the high-affinity IgE receptor. Several multicenter randomized controlled trials have shown safety and efficacy of omalizumab for CSU. There are also some small studies showing efficacy of omalizumab in CINDU. While there were previously many treatment options which were lacking in strong evidence, we are moving into an era where the treatment algorithm for chronic urticaria is simplified and contains more evidence-based, effective, and less toxic treatment options.
Unrelated Machine Scheduling with Stochastic Processing Times
Authors: Skutella Martin , Sviridenko Maxim , Uetz Marc
Published: February 2016

Two important characteristics encountered in many real-world scheduling problems are heterogeneous processors and a certain degree of uncertainty about the processing times of jobs. In this paper we address both, and study for the first time a scheduling problem that combines the classical unrelated machine scheduling model with stochastic processing times of jobs. By means of a novel time-indexed linear programming relaxation, we show how to compute in polynomial time a scheduling policy with provable performance guarantee for the stochastic version of the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with the weighted sum of completion times objective. Our performance guarantee depends on the squared coefficient of variation of the processing times and we show that this dependence is tight. Currently best-known bounds for deterministic scheduling problems are contained as special cases.
Integrating Timetabling and Crew Scheduling at a Freight Railway Operator
Authors: Bach Lukas , Dollevoet Twan , Huisman Dennis
Published: February 2016

We investigate to what degree we can integrate a train timetabling/engine scheduling problem with a crew scheduling problem. In the timetabling/engine scheduling problem, we determine for each demand a specific time within its time window when the demand should be serviced. Furthermore, we generate engine duties for the demands. In our solution approach for the overall problem, we first obtain an optimal solution for the timetabling/engine scheduling problem. When solving the crew scheduling problem, we then exploit the fact that numerous optimal and near optimal solutions exist for the previous problem. We consider all these solutions that can be obtained from the optimal engine schedule by shifting the demands in time, while keeping the order of demands in the engine duties intact. In particular, in the crew scheduling stage it is allowed to retime the service of demands if the additional cost is outweighed by the crew savings. This information is implemented in a mathematical model for the crew scheduling problem. The model is solved using a column generation scheme. We perform computational experiments based on a case at a freight railway operator, DB Schenker Rail Scandinavia, and show that significant cost savings can be achieved.
The pros and cons of removing lower third molars
Authors: McKernon Sarah
Published: February 2016

Sarwar H, Mahmood-Rao S (2015) Coronectomy; good or bad? Dental Update 42(9): 824–828
Writing for publication. Part 6: series summary
Authors: Fowler John
Published: February 2016

This series has been exploring how dental nurses can develop their skills by writing for professional publication
An author report: Elfreda Annmary Chatman
Authors: Eren Murat Erkan
Published: February 2016

The main aim of this report is to become familiar with Elfreda A. Chatman and her major works and theories. She has contributed information science by producing several theories such as “the theory of information poverty,” “the normative behavior theory” and “the theory of life in the round” and implemented many studies about information seeking behavior of ordinary people. Although her major is library and information science, she focused on women in prison, the feminist movement, poor workers and janitors at large universities by using an ethnographic perception. She emphasized their information seeking behaviors in small communities and tried to describe their approach about information poverty. Also, she studied public libraries and the role of mentorship of the library leaders. The findings she found in her studies are useful not only for information science but also other disciplines such as sociology and psychology.
List of Technical Publications, Conference Presentations, and Lectures
Authors: Rizzo Frank J.
Published: February 2016

List of Technical Publications, Conference Presentations, and Lectures March 27, 2003
Boundary Element Methods in Solid Mechanics - a Tribute to Frank Rizzo
Authors: Mukherjee Subrata
Published: February 2016

Frank Rizzo proposed the first Boundary Integral Equation (BIE) formulation for linear elasticity in a seminal paper in 1967. I have had the very good fortune to call Frank a friend of mine for many years. The present paper describes some of my experiences with the BIE over nearly thirty years, some of it in the context of Frankâ€™s pioneering contributions to the subject and my interactions with him.