bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica and Its Organic Functionalization for High CO2 Uptake
Authors: Dutta Arghya , Nandi Mahasweta , Sasidharan Manickam , Bhaumik Asim
Published: June 2012

Highly ordered 3D‐hexagonal mesoporous silica HMS‐3 and its vinyl‐ and 3‐chloropropyl‐functionalized analogues HMS‐4 and ‐5, respectively, are synthesized under strongly alkaline conditions at 277 K. Tetraethyl orthosilicate, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and 3‐chloropropyltrimethoxysilane are used as silica sources, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the structure‐directing agent. The 3D‐hexagonal pore structures of HMS‐3, 4‐, and ‐5 were confirmed by powder XRD and high‐resolution TEM studies. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas of these materials are 1353, 1211, and 603 m2 g−1 for HMS‐3, ‐4, and ‐5, respectively. Among these materials, vinyl‐functionalized mesoporous material HMS‐4 adsorbs the highest CO2 (5.5 mmol g−1, 24.3 wt %) under 3 bar pressure at 273 K. The 3D‐hexagonal pore openings, very high surface area, and cagelike mesopores as well as organic functionalization could be responsible for very high CO2 uptakes of these materials compared to other related mesoporous silica‐based materials.
Automated analysis of flow cytometric data for CD34+ stem cell enumeration using a probability state model
Authors: Herbert Donald J. , Miller David T. , Bruce Bagwell C.
Published: June 2012

Background:

Flow Cytometry is widely used for enumeration of hematopoietic stem cell (SC) levels in bone marrow, cord blood, peripheral blood, and apheresis products. The ISHAGE single‐platform gating method is considered by many to be the standard for CD34+ SC enumeration. However, attempts at uniform application of this ISHAGE method have met with only partial success. We propose an automated, multivariate classification approach for SC analysis based on Probability State Modeling™ (PSM). In this study, we compare the results from automated PSM analysis with manual ISHAGE gating analysis as performed by a trained analyst.

Methods:

A total of 258 samples were assayed on BD FACSCanto II flow cytometers using a stain‐lyse‐no‐wash technique. Populations were defined using CD34, CD45, 7‐AAD, and light scatter. BD TruCount™ bead tubes were used for absolute SC concentrations. A PSM was designed to classify events into beads, debris, intact‐dead cells, and intact‐live SC; run unattended and record results.

Results:

The ISHAGE and PSM methods show excellent agreement in estimating the concentration of #SC/μL: slope = 1.009, r2 = 0.999. Bland‐Altman Analysis for the SC concentration has an average difference (bias) of 2.018 SC/μL. The 95% confidence interval is from −59.350 to 63.380 SC/μL. The operator‐to‐operator agreement using PSM is perfect: r2 = 1.000.

Conclusions:

Automated PSM analysis of SC listmode data produces results that agree strongly with ISHAGE gate‐based results. The PSM approach provides higher reproducibility, objectivity, and speed with accuracy at least equivalent to the ISHAGE method. © 2012 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Predictive factors for diabetic foot ulceration: a systematic review
Authors: Monteiro‐Soares M. , Boyko E. J. , Ribeiro J. , Ribeiro I. , Dinis‐Ribeiro M.
Published: June 2012

Improving ability to predict and prevent diabetic foot ulceration is imperative because of the high personal and financial costs of this complication. We therefore conducted a systematic review in order to identify all studies of factors associated with DFU and assess whether available DFU risk stratification systems incorporate those factors of highest potential value.

We performed a search in PubMed for studies published through April 2011 that analysed the association between independent variables and DFU. Articles were selected by two investigators‐independently and blind to each other. Divergences were solved by a third investigator.

A total of 71 studies were included that evaluated the association between diabetic foot ulceration and more than 100 independent variables. The variables most frequently assessed were age, gender, diabetes duration, BMI, HbA1c and neuropathy. Diabetic foot ulceration prevalence varied greatly among studies. The majority of the identified variables were assessed by only two or fewer studies. Diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, foot deformity and previous diabetic foot ulceration or lower extremity amputation – which are the most common variables included in risk stratification systems – were consistently associated with diabetic foot ulceration development.

Existing diabetic foot ulceration risk stratification systems often include variables shown repeatedly in the literature to be strongly predictive of this outcome. Improvement of these risk classification systems though is impaired because of deficiencies noted, including a great lack of standardization in outcome definition and variable selection and measurement. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Riparian vegetation responses to altered flow regimes driven by climate change in Mediterranean rivers
Authors: Rivaes Rui , Rodríguez‐González Patricia M. , Albuquerque António , Pinheiro António N. , Egger Gregory , Ferreira Maria Teresa
Published: June 2012

Mediterranean regions are characterized by a large intra‐annual and inter‐annual variability in rainfall and associated hydrological regime patterns. Predictions of changes in climate indicate that mean precipitation and annual temperature will both increase, with a concentration of precipitation and the existence of extended and harsher drought periods with profound implications for river ecosystems. Our aim in this study was to predict the response of Mediterranean riparian vegetation to different climate change scenarios, using a dynamic riparian vegetation model that relates flow regime with riparian vegetation dynamics. In our case study, mapped riparian patches were significantly distinct in between, and altitude, height above water table, patch age and stem diameter were the most important of the factors that distinguished succession phases. A floodplain vegetation model was calibrated and achieved a good strength of agreement between simulated and observed maps. Model results with the expected flow regime under the effect of climate change demonstrate that nonwoody sparsely vegetated areas expand outwards and mature succession patches expand inwards, whereas pioneer and young riparian patches decrease in area. Our results suggest that extreme climatic change in Mediterranean rivers will promote the disappearance of the pioneer and young succession stages of riparian woodlands, thus making efforts to conserve these ecosystems a challenging task. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tetrafluoroborate Selective Electrodes on the Basis of Cations with Delocalized Charge
Authors: Studenyak Yaroslav , Fershal Maksym , Kushnir Larysa , Gomonnai Alexander V.
Published: June 2012

Screening of active substances based on styryl and trimethine cyanine dyes was carried out to prepare tetrafluoroborate ion‐selective electrodes. Correlations between the nature of the organic cation (pKa) and working pH ranges of the sensors were studied. New tetrafluoroborate‐selective PVC membrane electrodes based on an active substance formed by the ion pair of 2‐(n‐ethylcarbazol‐3)‐ethenyl‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐3H‐indolium and 2‐[3‐(5,6‐dimethyl‐3‐nonyl‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐2(3H)‐ylidene)propenyl]‐5,6‐dimethyl‐3‐nonyl‐1,3‐benzothiazolium with tetrafluoroborate ion were developed. The electrodes are non‐sensitive to pH in the range of 2–8 and can be used for boron determination in acidic media of 6–7 mol L−1 H2SO4. The developed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of B2O3 in CdS(Se) nanocrystal‐doped glasses.
In vivo flow cytometric Pig‐a and micronucleus assays: Highly sensitive discrimination of the carcinogen/noncarcinogen pair benzo(a)pyrene and pyrene using acute and repeated‐dose designs
Authors: Torous Dorothea K. , Phonethepswath Souk , Avlasevich Svetlana L. , Mereness Jared , Bryce Steven M. , Bemis Jeffrey C. , Weller Pamela , Bell Sara , Gleason Carol , Custer Laura L. , MacGregor James T. , Dertinger Stephen D.
Published: June 2012

Combining multiple genetic toxicology endpoints into a single in vivo study, and/or integrating one or more genotoxicity assays into general toxicology studies, is attractive because it reduces animal use and enables comprehensive comparative analysis using toxicity, metabolism, and pharmacokinetic information from the same animal. This laboratory has developed flow cytometric scoring techniques for monitoring two blood‐based genotoxicity endpoints—micronucleated reticulocyte frequency and gene mutation at the Pig‐a locus—thereby making combination and integration studies practical. The ability to effectively monitor these endpoints in short‐term and repeated dosing schedules was investigated with the carcinogen/noncarcinogen pair benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and pyrene (Pyr). Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated via oral gavage for 3 or 28 consecutive days with several dose levels of Pyr, including maximum tolerated doses. BP exposure was administered by the same route but at one dose level, 250 or 125 mg/kg/day for 3‐day and 28‐day studies, respectively. Serial blood samples were collected up to Day 45, and were analyzed for Pig‐a mutation with a dual labeling method (SYTO 13 in combination with anti‐CD59‐PE) that facilitated mutant cell frequency measurements in both total erythrocytes and the reticulocyte subpopulation. A mutant cell enrichment step based on immunomagnetic column separation was used to increase the statistical power of the assay. BP induced robust mutant reticulocyte responses by Day 15, and elevated frequencies persisted until study termination. Mutant erythrocyte responses lagged mutant reticulocyte responses, with peak incidences observed on Day 30 of the 3‐day study (43‐fold increase) and on Day 42 of the 28‐day study (171‐fold increase). No mutagenic effects were apparent for Pyr. Blood samples collected on Day 4, and Day 29 for the 28‐day study, were evaluated for micronucleated reticulocyte frequency. Significant increases in micronucleus frequencies were observed with BP, whereas Pyr had no effect. These results demonstrate that Pig‐a and micronucleus endpoints discriminate between these structurally related carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic agents. Furthermore, the high sensitivity demonstrated with the enrichment protocol indicates that the Pig‐a endpoint is suitable for both repeated‐dose and acute studies, allowing integration of mutagenic and clastogenic endpoints into on‐going toxicology studies, and use as a short‐term assay that provides efficient screening and mechanistic information in vivo. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Upregulation of astrocytes protein phosphatase‐2A stimulates astrocytes migration via inhibiting p38 MAPK in tg2576 mice
Authors: Liu Xiu‐Ping , Zheng Hong‐Yun , Qu Min , Zhang Yao , Cao Fu‐Yuan , Wang Qun , Ke Dan , Liu Gong‐Ping , Wang Jian‐Zhi
Published: June 2012

One of the earliest neuropathological changes in Alzheimer disease (AD) is the accumulation of astrocytes at sites of β‐amyloid (Aβ) deposits, but the cause of this cellular response is unclear. As the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is significantly decreased in the AD brains, we studied the role of PP2A in astrocytes migration. We observed unexpectedly that PP2A activity associated with glial fibrillary acidic protein, an astrocyte marker, was significantly upregulated in tg2576 mice, demonstrated by an increased enzyme activity, a decreased demethylation at leucine‐309 (DM‐PP2Ac), and a decreased phosphorylation at tyrosine‐307 of PP2A (pY307‐PP2Ac). Further studies by using in vitro wound‐healing model and transwell assay demonstrated that upregulation of PP2A pharmacologically and genetically could stimulate astrocytes migration. Activation of PP2A promotes actin organization and inhibits p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK), while simultaneous activation of p38 MAPK partially abolishes the PP2A‐induced astrocytes migration. Our data suggest that activation of astrocytes PP2A in tg2567 mice may stimulate the migration of astrocytes to the amyloid plaques by p38 MAPK inhibition, implying that PP2A deficits observed in AD may cause Aβ accumulation via hindering the astrocytes migration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of BMI1 and p16 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Allegra Eugenia , Caltabiano Rosario , Amorosi Andrea , Vasquez Enrico , Garozzo Aldo , Puzzo Lidia
Published: June 2012

Background

The clinical evolution of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is undetectable with the current staging criteria. To more completely understand the biology of laryngeal SCC, we assessed the expression of the proteins B‐cell–specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) and p16.

Methods

We assessed immunohistochemically the expression of BMI1 and p16 in 25 laryngeal SCCs at different stages.

Results

High BMI1 expression was detected in 11.7% of glottic tumors and in 50% of supraglottic tumors. No significant differences were observed in the patients' clinical data after they were stratified by the tumor expression of p16. The expression of nuclear BMI1 in the absence of p16 immunoreactivity correlated significantly with the pN status of the primary tumors.

Conclusion

Nuclear BMI1 expression in the absence of p16 expression seems to characterize a subset of patients with a high risk of developing lymph node metastasis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Olanzapine monotherapy in posttraumatic stress disorder: efficacy in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Carey Paul , Suliman Sharain , Ganesan Keith , Seedat Soraya , Stein Dan J.
Published: June 2012

Objectives

Although there have been important advances in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), many patients fail to respond to first‐line pharmacotherapy. Limited evidence suggests that second generation antipsychotics may have a role to play as monotherapy in PTSD.

Methods

We undertook a randomized, placebo‐controlled study using flexible‐dose olanzapine monotherapy for 8 weeks in 28 adult male and female participants (mean age: 40.75 ± 11.59 years) with non‐combat related chronic PTSD. Data were analysed with repeated measures analysis of variance, using an intention to treat, last observation carried forward approach.

Results

The olanzapine group (n = 14) demonstrated significantly greater improvement on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale from baseline to endpoint than the placebo group (n = 14) (F = 5.71, p = 0.018). Olanzapine was generally well tolerated, with no serious adverse events recorded. Substantial weight gain (6–10 kg) was, however, reported in 6/14 participants in the olanzapine group.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first controlled evidence of the efficacy of olanzapine monotherapy in an exclusively non‐combat related chronic PTSD group. Despite the small sample size, these data suggest that olanzapine may have a role in the treatment of PTSD. These findings warrant replication in a larger sample. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary supplementation with curcumin enhances metastatic growth of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice
Authors: Yan Lin
Published: June 2012

Our study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with curcumin [(1E,6E)‐1,7‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene‐3,5‐dione] on spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were fed with the AIN93G control diet or with the diet supplemented with 2 or 4% curcumin for 5 weeks at which time they were injected subcutaneously with 2.5 × 105 viable LLC cells. The subcutaneous primary tumor was surgically removed when it reached ∼ 8 mm in diameter, and the experiment was terminated 10 days after the surgery. There was no difference in pulmonary metastatic yield among the groups. Curcumin supplementation at either dietary level did not significantly increase the size of metastatic tumors; however, the combined data from both curcumin groups showed that curcumin treatment increased metastatic tumor cross‐sectional area by 46% (p < 0.05) and volume by 70% (p < 0.05) compared to the controls. Curcumin supplementation increased plasma concentrations of angiogenic factors angiogenin (p < 0.05), basic fibroblast growth factor (p < 0.05) and vascular endothelial growth factor (p < 0.05), as well as inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β (p < 0.05) and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (p < 0.05), compared to the controls. These results demonstrate that curcumin does not prevent metastasis and indicate that it can enhance metastatic growth of LLC in mice, perhaps through upregulation of angiogenesis and inflammation.
Iron overload accelerates bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women and middle-aged men: A 3-year retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: Kim Beom-Jun , Ahn Seong Hee , Bae Sung Jin , Kim Eun Hee , Lee Seung-Hun , Kim Hong-Kyu , Choe Jae Won , Koh Jung-Min , Kim Ghi Su
Published: June 2012

Despite extensive experimental and animal evidence about the detrimental effects of iron and its overload on bone metabolism, there have been no clinical studies relating iron stores to bone loss, especially in nonpathologic conditions. In the present study, we performed a large longitudinal study to evaluate serum ferritin concentrations in relation to annualized changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy Koreans. A total of 1729 subjects (940 postmenopausal women and 789 middle-aged men) aged 40 years or older who had undergone comprehensive routine health examinations with an average 3 years of follow-up were enrolled. BMD in proximal femur sites (ie, the total femur, femur neck, and trochanter) was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry using the same equipment at baseline and follow-up. The mean age of women and men in this study was 55.8 ± 6.0 years and 55.5 ± 7.8 years, respectively, and serum ferritin levels were significantly higher in men than in women (p < 0.001). The overall mean annualized rates of bone loss in the total femur, femur neck, and trochanter were −1.14%/year, −1.17%/year, and −1.51%/year, respectively, in women, and −0.27%/year, −0.34%/year, and −0.41%/year, respectively, in men. After adjustment for potential confounders, the rates of bone loss in all proximal femur sites in both genders were significantly accelerated in a dose-response fashion across increasing ferritin quartile categories (p for trend = 0.043 to <0.001). Consistently, compared with subjects in the lowest ferritin quartile category, those in the third and/or highest ferritin quartile category showed significantly faster bone loss in the total femur and femur neck in both genders (p = 0.023 to <0.001). In conclusion, these data provide the first clinical evidence that increased total body iron stores could be an independent risk factor for accelerated bone loss, even in healthy populations. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: Reflecting on Narcissism
Authors: Bender Donna S.
Published: June 2012

This article introduces a special issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session focused on the conceptualization and treatment of narcissism. Obscured by an ongoing debate about how best to define pathological narcissism, clinicians have often lost sight of the fact that narcissistic investment in the self is a normal developmental trend that can be disturbed to varying degrees by environmental stresses and failures of nurturing. Using case presentations, contributing authors demonstrate the following: the importance of understanding the closely interrelated grandiosity and vulnerability associated with narcissistic difficulties; variation in the expression of narcissistic “types”; the role of perfectionism and sadomasochism; and the possibility that narcissistic issues are present across all types of personality psychopathology. Specific alliance‐building recommendations are offered, and the greater utility of defining narcissism dimensionally rather than categorically is explored. A clinical case in the current article illustrates each of these central ideas. Together, the discussions presented in this issue invite greater insight into, and appreciation of, narcissistic phenomena, along with examples of effective and empathic treatment approaches.
Mice embryology: A microscopic overview
Authors: Salvadori Maria Letícia Baptista , Lessa Thais Borges , Russo Fabiele Baldino , Fernandes Renata Avancini , Kfoury José Roberto , Braga Patricia Cristina Baleeiro Beltrão , Miglino Maria Angélica
Published: June 2012

In this work, we studied the embryology of mice of 12, 14, and 18 days of gestation by gross observation, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Grossly, the embryos of 12 days were observed in C‐shaped region of the brain, eye pigmentation of the retina, first, second, and third pharyngeal arches gill pit nasal region on the fourth ventricle brain, cervical curvature, heart, liver, limb bud thoracic, spinal cord, tail, umbilical cord, and place of the mesonephric ridge. Microscopically, the liver, cardiovascular system and spinal cord were observed. In the embryo of 14 days, we observed structures that make up the liver and heart. At 18 days of gestation fetuses, it was noted the presence of eyes, mouth, and nose in the cephalic region, chest and pelvic region with the presence of well‐developed limbs, umbilical cord, and placenta. Scanning electron microscopy in 18 days of gestation fetuses evidenced head, eyes closed eyelids, nose, vibrissae, forelimb, heart, lung, kidney, liver, small bowel, diaphragm, and part of the spine. The results obtained in this work describe the internal and external morphology of mice, provided by an integration of techniques and review of the morphological knowledge of the embryonic development of this species, as this animal is of great importance to scientific studies. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection and identification of genetically modified EE‐1 brinjal (Solanum melongena) by single, multiplex and SYBR® real‐time PCR
Authors: Ballari Rajashekhar V , Martin Asha , Gowda Lalitha R
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND: Brinjal is an important vegetable crop. Major crop loss of brinjal is due to insect attack. Insect‐resistant EE‐1 brinjal has been developed and is awaiting approval for commercial release. Consumer health concerns and implementation of international labelling legislation demand reliable analytical detection methods for genetically modified (GM) varieties.

RESULTS: End‐point and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were used to detect EE‐1 brinjal. In end‐point PCR, primer pairs specific to 35S CaMV promoter, NOS terminator and nptII gene common to other GM crops were used. Based on the revealed 3′ transgene integration sequence, primers specific for the event EE‐1 brinjal were designed. These primers were used for end‐point single, multiplex and SYBR‐based real‐time PCR. End‐point single PCR showed that the designed primers were highly specific to event EE‐1 with a sensitivity of 20 pg of genomic DNA, corresponding to 20 copies of haploid EE‐1 brinjal genomic DNA. The limits of detection and quantification for SYBR‐based real‐time PCR assay were 10 and 100 copies respectively.

CONCLUSION: The prior development of detection methods for this important vegetable crop will facilitate compliance with any forthcoming labelling regulations. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Ten steps to enchanting your employees
Authors: Kawasaki Guy
Published: June 2012

Kawasaki believes that leaders should enchant their employees, who operate on the front lines of a business. This creates and sustains a sense of delight. It comprises such properties as trustworthiness, likability, endurance, preparation and overcoming resistance. He presents ten ways to accomplish enchantment, including providing a MAP (Meaning, Autonomy, Purpose), empowering people to do the right thing, and getting a devil's advocate. Be wary of money as a source of enchantment. Pay fairly, but make sure that employees work hard because they really believe in what the organization produces, not just for a paycheck.
Leading in 24/7: What is required?
Authors: Helgesen Sally
Published: June 2012

“The convergence of demographic, economic, and technological shifts,” Helgesen writes, “and the radical social change this convergence creates, is altering our understanding of the essential tasks of leadership.” She outlines several key capabilities that leaders must have in a 24/7 world, including leading people who have different values, practicing inclusion, and supporting self‐renewing cultures. The latter is especially important due to the crushing pace and intensity of an always‐on environment, and means that individuals within these cultures must “find fresh sources of energy, inspiration, and commitment over time.”
Long live bureaucracy!
Authors: Feser Claudio
Published: June 2012

In determining the right structure for an organization and for it to operate most effectively and efficiently, Feser says we need to develop “a more nuanced and articulated perspective on hierarchies.” The latter can help organizations (especially large ones) to organize the work of many people while implementing the firm's strategy. Using examples from such companies as Toyota, Nestlé and Whole Foods, he says effective and adaptive organizations display three key principles: prioritizing an organization's objectives and scope; creating self‐managed performance cells; and building on standards set in such areas as finance, human resources, and information technology.
Calderón‐type theorems for operators with non‐standard endpoint behavior on Lorentz spaces
Authors: Malý Lukáš
Published: June 2012

The Calderón theorem states that every quasilinear operator, which is bounded both from \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$L^{p_1,1}$\end{document} to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$L^{q_1,\infty }$\end{document}, and from \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$L^{p_2,1}$\end{document} to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$L^{q_2,\infty }$\end{document} for properly ordered values of p1, p2, q1, q2, is bounded on some rearrangement‐invariant space if and only if the so‐called Calderón operator is bounded on the corresponding representation space. We will establish Calderón‐type theorems for non‐standard endpoint behavior, where Lorentz Λ and M spaces will be the endpoints of the interpolation segment. Two distinctive types of non‐standard behavior are to be discussed; we’ll explore the operators bounded both from Λ(X1) to Λ(Y1), and from Λ(X2) to M(Y2) using duality arguments, thus, we need to study the operators bounded both from Λ(X1) to M(Y1), and from M(X2) to M(Y2) first. For that purpose, we evaluate Peetre's K‐functional for varied pairs of Lorentz spaces.
Wear analysis of rolled and ground iron‐based‐alloy‐coatings with and without hard material reinforcement
Authors: Tillmann W. , Luo W. , Tekkaya A.E. , Franzen V.
Published: June 2012

In dieser Forschungsarbeit wird das Verschleißverhalten thermisch gespritzter Verschleißschutzschichten, welche entweder in einem inkrementellen Glattwalz‐ oder Schleifprozess geglättet wurden, mittels Pin‐on‐Disk‐Test untersucht. Hierbei wurden die beiden lichtbogengespritzten Eisenbasislegierungsschichten WSC‐FeCSiMn und FeCrBSiMn gegenübergestellt. Zunächst wurden die unterschiedlich nachbearbeiteten Schichtsysteme anhand von Bestimmung der Topographie und Morphologie charakterisiert. In den anschließend durchgeführten Verschleißuntersuchungen wurden zwei unterschiedliche Verschleißgegenkörper aus Edelstahl und Keramik verwendet. Um die daraus resultierten unterschiedlichen Verschleißmechanismen zu bestimmen, wurden die Verschleißspuren im Rasterelektronenmikroskop untersucht.
Metal‐Plastic‐Hybrids: Investigations about the mechanism of the uretdione powder system adhesive layer
Authors: Bräuer M. , Edelmann M. , Häußler L. , Kühnert I.
Published: June 2012

Metall‐Kunststoff‐Verbunde erlauben die Kombination der Eigenschaften der Einzelkomponenten in einem Bauteil: die sehr hohe Steifigkeit und Festigkeit der Metallkomponente sowie die sehr guten Formgebungsmöglichkeiten der spezifisch leichteren Kunststoffkomponente. Das ermöglicht die Herstellung von innovativen Bauteilen mit zunehmender Funktionsintegration. Eine effektive und kostengünstige Technologie zur Herstellung solcher Metall‐Kunststoff‐Verbunden stellt das Montagespritzgießen dar. Wir untersuchen Dreischichtverbunde aus Stahlblech, der Weichkomponente Thermoplastisches Polyurethan (TPU) und einer Adhäsionsschicht aus einem Niedertemperatur‐Uretdion‐Polyurethan‐Pulverlack in zwei unterschiedlichen Aushärtungsstufen, der Allophanat‐ und der Urethangruppenstufe. Das Ziel der Arbeiten besteht in der Aufklärung des Einflusses der zwei Aushärtungsstufen der Adhäsionsschicht auf die Verbundfestigkeit der Dreischichtverbunde. Die Ergebnisse der Modellversuche und der analytischen Untersuchungen korrelieren mit dem Befund der Verbundfestigkeit und erlauben die Formulierung von zwei Thesen: der Anschmelz‐ und der Reaktionsthese.
The soluble pyocins S2 and S4 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa bind to the same FpvAI receptor
Authors: Elfarash Ameer , Wei Qing , Cornelis Pierre
Published: June 2012

Soluble (S‐type) pyocins are Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriocins that kill nonimmune P. aeruginosa cells by gaining entry via a specific receptor, which, in the case of pyocin S2, is the siderophore pyoverdine receptor FpvAI, and in the case of pyocin S3, FpvAII. The nucleic acid sequence at the positions 4327697–4327359 of P. aeruginosa PAO1 genome was not annotated, but it was predicted to encode the immunity gene of the flanking pyocin S4 gene (PA3866) based on our analysis of the genome sequence. Using RT‐PCR, the expression of the immunity gene was detected, confirming the existence of an immunity gene overlapping the S4 pyocin gene. The PA3866 coding for pyocin S4 and the downstream gene coding for the immunity protein were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and the His‐tagged S4 pyocin was obtained in pure form. Forty‐three P. aeruginosa strains were typed via PCR to identify their ferripyoverdine receptor gene (fpvAI–III) and were tested for their sensitivity to pyocin S4. All S4‐sensitive strains had the type I ferripyoverdine receptor fpvA gene. Some S4‐resistant type I fpvA‐positive strains were detected, but all of them had the S4 immunity gene, and, following the deletion of the immunity gene, became S4‐sensitive. The fpvAI receptor gene was deleted in a S4‐sensitive strain, and, as expected, the mutant became resistant to S4. The N‐terminal receptor binding domain (RBD) of pyocin S2, which also uses the FpvAI receptor to enter the cell, was cloned in the pET‐15b vector, and expressed in E. coli. When the purified RBD was mixed with pyocin S4 at different ratios, an inhibition of killing was observed, indicating that S2 RBD competes with the pyocin S4 for the binding to the FpvAI receptor. The S2 RBD was also shown to enhance the expression of the pvdA pyoverdine gene, suggesting that it, like pyoverdine, works via the known siderophore‐mediated signalization pathway.
Global spatial regularity for elasticity models with cracks, contact and other nonsmooth constraints
Authors: Knees Dorothee , Schröder Andreas
Published: June 2012

A global higher differentiability result in Besov spaces is proved for the displacement fields of linear elastic models with self contact. Domains with cracks are studied, where nonpenetration conditions/Signorini conditions are imposed on the crack faces. It is shown that in a neighborhood of crack tips (in 2D) or crack fronts (3D), the displacement fields are
regular. The proof relies on a difference quotient argument for the directions tangential to the crack. To obtain the regularity estimates also in the normal direction, an argument due to Ebmeyer/Frehse/Kassmann (2002) is modified. The methods are then applied to further examples like contact problems with nonsmooth rigid foundations, to a model with Tresca friction and to minimization problems with nonsmooth energies and constraints as they occur for instance in the modeling of shape memory alloys. On the basis of Falk's approximation theorem for variational inequalities, convergence rates for finite element discretizations of contact problems are derived relying on the proven regularity properties. Several numerical examples illustrate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New energy identities and super convergence analysis of the energy conserved splitting FDTD methods for 3D Maxwell's equations
Authors: Gao Liping , Li Xingjie , Chen Wenbin
Published: June 2012

The energy‐conserved splitting finite‐difference time‐domain (EC‐S‐FDTD) method has recently been proposed to solve the Maxwell equations with second order accuracy while numerically keep the L2 energy conservation laws of the equations. In this paper, the EC‐S‐FDTD scheme for the 3D Maxwell equations is proved to be energy‐conserved and unconditionally stable in the discrete H1 norm. The EC‐S‐FDTD scheme is of second‐order accuracy both in time step and spatial steps, which suggests the super‐convergence of this scheme in the discrete H1 norm. And the divergence of the electric field of the EC‐S‐FDTD scheme in the discrete L2 norm is second‐order accurate. Numerical experiments confirm our theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some generalizations of Bohr's theorem
Authors: Hamada Hidetaka , Honda Tatsuhiro
Published: June 2012

Let X be a complex Banach space and Y be a JB*‐triple. Let G be a bounded balanced domain in X and BY be the unit ball in Y. Let f : G → BY be a holomorphic mapping. In this paper, we obtain some generalization of Bohr's theorem that if a = f(0), then we have for z ∈ (1 / 3)G, where φa ∈ Aut(BY) such that φa(a) = 0. Moreover, we show that the constant 1 / 3 is best possible. This result generalizes Bohr's theorem for the open unit disc Δ in the complex plane . Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional data learning by Hilbert feedforward neural networks
Authors: Zhao Jianwei
Published: June 2012

This paper focuses on learning algorithms for approximating functional data that are chosen from some Hilbert spaces. An effective algorithm, called Hilbert parallel overrelaxation backpropagation (HPORBP) algorithm, is proposed for training the Hilbert feedforward neural networks that are extensions of feedforward neural networks from Euclidean space to some Hilbert spaces. Furthermore, the convergence of the iterative HPORBP algorithm is analyzed, and a deterministic convergence theorem is proposed for the HPORBP algorithm on the basis of the perturbation results of Mangasarian and Solodov. Some experimental results of learning functional data on some Hilbert spaces illustrate the convergence theorem and show that the proposed HPORBP algorithm has a better accuracy than the Hilbert backpropagation algorithm. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autoregulation of Musashi1 mRNA translation during Xenopus oocyte maturation
Authors: Arumugam Karthik , MacNicol Melanie C. , MacNicol Angus M.
Published: June 2012

The mRNA translational control protein, Musashi, plays a critical role in cell fate determination through sequence‐specific interactions with select target mRNAs. In proliferating stem cells, Musashi exerts repression of target mRNAs to promote cell cycle progression. During stem cell differentiation, Musashi target mRNAs are de‐repressed and translated. Recently, we have reported an obligatory requirement for Musashi to direct translational activation of target mRNAs during Xenopus oocyte meiotic cell cycle progression. Despite the importance of Musashi in cell cycle regulation, only a few target mRNAs have been fully characterized. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a new Musashi target mRNA in Xenopus oocytes. We demonstrate that progesterone‐stimulated translational activation of the Xenopus Musashi1 mRNA is regulated through a functional Musashi binding element (MBE) in the Musashi1 mRNA 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR). Mutational disruption of the MBE prevented translational activation of Musashi1 mRNA and its interaction with Musashi protein. Further, elimination of Musashi function through microinjection of inhibitory antisense oligonucleotides prevented progesterone‐induced polyadenylation and translation of the endogenous Musashi1 mRNA. Thus, Xenopus Musashi proteins regulate translation of the Musashi1 mRNA during oocyte maturation. Our results indicate that the hierarchy of sequential and dependent mRNA translational control programs involved in directing progression through meiosis are reinforced by an intricate series of nested, positive feedback loops, including Musashi mRNA translational autoregulation. These autoregulatory positive feedback loops serve to amplify a weak initiating signal into a robust commitment for the oocyte to progress through the cell cycle and become competent for fertilization.Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 553‐563, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial aspects of member retention, participation and co‐creation in tourism settings
Authors: Olsson Anna Karin
Published: June 2012

Many customers today belong to a number of different membership programs. Memberships have been applied in different ways in tourism settings since the 1970s. Gradually memberships have developed from merely rewarding loyal or frequent customers into building long‐term relationships generating mutual value. Membership programs are of increasing importance as competitive marketing tools. Membership bases are often geographically dispersed as membership organizations attract members living in various locations. This study focuses on member behaviours as interactions within a membership relationship. The influence of distance on member behaviours such as retention, participation, and co‐creation is studied. A survey of 755 members was conducted at a major Swedish nonprofit tourist attraction. Findings indicate that member behaviours such as supporting, visiting, use of member information channels, recruiting new members, performing volunteer work, sense of doing something good, and to get appreciation of member work show significant differences depending on how far away members live. Further studies of members are needed to find ways of developing memberships as strategic resources and especially member interactions as important innovative elements in performance and competition in tourism settings.

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of fiber orientation in the injection molding of long fiber suspensions
Authors: Ortman Kevin , Baird Donald , Wapperom Peter , Aning Alex
Published: June 2012

The properties of long glass fiber reinforced parts are highly dependent on the fiber orientation generated during processing. In this research, the orientation of concentrated long glass fibers generated during the filling stage of a center‐gated disk (CGD) mold was simulated. The orientation of the fibers was calculated using both the Folgar‐Tucker model and a recently developed semiflexible Bead‐Rod model. Rheologically consistent model parameters were used in these simulations, as determined from a previously proposed method, using a sliding plate rheometer and newly modified stress theory. The predicted CGD orientations were compared with experimentally measured values obtained from the parts. Both models performed very well when using model parameters consistent with the independent rheological study, and the results provide encouragement for the proposed method. Comparatively, the Folgar‐Tucker model provided slightly better orientation predictions up to 20% of the fill radius, but above 20% the Bead‐Rod model predicted better values of the orientation in both the radial and circumferential directions. The Folgar‐Tucker model, however, provided better orientation values perpendicular to the flow direction. Lastly, both models only qualitatively represented the orientation above 70% of the fill radius where frontal flow effects were suspected to be non‐negligible. The uniqueness of this research rests on a method for obtaining model parameters needed to predict fiber orientation which are independent of the experiments being simulated and a method for handling long semiflexible fiber suspensions. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Impact of laterally non‐uniform carrier lifetime on photoconductance‐based lifetime measurements with self‐consistent calibration
Authors: Liang W. S. , Weber Klaus J. , Ren Y. L.
Published: June 2012

The impact of laterally non‐uniform carrier lifetime on the determination of the lifetime from photoconductance‐based measurements, based on the self‐consistent method proposed by Trupke and Bardos, is investigated using a simple model. It is shown that the method can result in an overestimation of the mean lifetime, with the magnitude of the error mainly dependent on the distribution of the effective lifetime across the area sensed by the photoconductance coil. Although in many cases the error introduced will be relatively small (in the order of 5% or less), much larger errors can result in some cases, such as for samples that feature small areas with a significantly higher than average lifetime. The error can be eliminated through independent measurement of the sample optical properties. Experimental measurements confirm the model predictions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A theoretical analysis of substituted aromatic compounds
Authors: Bhavaraju Manikanthan , Gwaltney Steven R.
Published: June 2012

The substituents CH3, F, NO2, OCH3, and CH2CH2 were placed at the ortho, meta, and para positions on the aromatic molecules aniline, benzaldehdye, nitrobenzene, and phenol. MMFF94, AM1, B3LYP, M06, M06‐2X, ωB97X, ωB97X‐d, and RI‐MP2 using cc‐pVDZ and cc‐pVTZ and CCSD(T) with cc‐pVDZ basis sets were used to calculate the geometries and energies of all regiomers of the molecules. Relative energies of the ortho and meta regiomers relative to the para regiomers were calculated and compared to the CCSD(T) values. A good basis set correlation between cc‐pVDZ and cc‐pVTZ was observed in RI‐MP2. Overall, RI‐MP2 gave the best correlation with the CCSD(T) results. All of the hybrid functionals showed similar accuracy and could effectively describe the intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions of these compounds. The methoxy group at the para position in methoxyaniline, methoxyphenol, methoxynitrobenzene, and methoxybenzaldehyde was rotated around the phenyl‐O bond. HF, along with the cc‐pVDZ basis with the other methods, generated inaccurate energy profiles for p‐methoxyphenol. For the density functional theory methods, it was necessary to use improved grids to get smooth curves. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reaction mechanism of hydrogenation and direct desulfurization routes of dibenzothiophene‐like compounds: A density functional theory study
Authors: Valencia Diego , Peña Laura , García‐Cruz Isidoro
Published: June 2012

Reaction mechanisms of the two distinct routes, namely hydrogenation (HYD) and direct desulfurization (DDS), of dibenzothiophene (DBT)‐type compounds in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process have been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT). A series of methyl‐ and dimethyl‐compounds substituted at different positions in DBT were compared to get a deeper insight into the electronic effects of the alkyl position substitution. The Gibbs energy of reaction for each route and the CS bond energies were calculated. The calculations showed that HYD route is more exergonic than DDS route. Refractory compounds exhibited less reaction energy values and high CS bond stability. Full chemical structures in the energetic profile of HYD and DDS routes were identified. We proposed a reaction mechanism for each HDS route based on our theoretical calculations. According to our proposed mechanisms, the HYD reaction route is favored compared to DDS reaction route because energetic barriers are higher on the DDS route. The effect of methyl groups is clearly observed. Refractory compounds have higher activation and lower formation energies. This systematic study trough DFT method provides an important contribution in the field of HDS because the proposed mechanisms are related with some experimental observations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of structurally diverse alkaloids in Corydalis species by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Jeong Eun‐Kyung , Lee Sun Young , Yu Se Mi , Park Na Hyun , Lee Hyun‐Seok , Yim Yong‐Hyeon , Hwang Geum‐Sook , Cheong Chaejoon , Jung Jee H. , Hong Jongki
Published: June 2012

RATIONALE

Alkaloids with significant therapeutic effects are the main active constituents of Corydalis (C.) species. There are several kinds of alkaloids in C. species associated with diverse alkaloid metabolism in plants, but they are rarely identified. This study aimed to identify diverse alkaloids in C. species by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS).

METHODS

Several types of alkaloids were extracted from C. species using ultrasonication with 70% CH3OH, and the extract was partitioned at pH 2 and 12. Separation of alkaloids was achieved by C18 high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and MS/MS analysis was conducted by electrospray ionization triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry. For further confirmation, LC/Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)‐MS was used to obtain accurate mass data and gas chromatography (GC)/MS combined with trimethylsilyl derivatization was applied for identification of the minor alkaloids.

RESULTS

Thirty‐three alkaloids among three different C. species were successfully separated and identified by LC/ESI‐MS/MS and LC/FTICR‐MS. Structural assignment of individual alkaloids was performed according to MS/MS spectral patterns. For further confirmation, accurate mass data of alkaloids by LC/FTICR‐MS were obtained within 5 ppm and the GC/MS data for the trimethylsilyl alkaloids were also obtained. Among 33 alkaloids identified from this study, 13 alkaloids were reported for the first time in the investigated C. species.

CONCLUSIONS

The LC/ESI‐MS/MS technique was effective in obtaining structural information and yielded diagnostic ions for diverse alkaloids. Based on the identified 33 alkaloids, marker compounds were suggested for the three C. species with different geographic origins. This study may also be useful for elucidating unknown alkaloids in herbal medicines. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of a combined thermal treatment of substrate heating and post‐annealing on the microstructure of InGaZnO films and the device performance of their thin film transistors
Authors: Moon Mi Ran , Na Sekwon , Jeon Haseok , Lee Tae Hun , Jung Donggeun , Kim Hyoungsub , Yang Jun‐Mo , Lee Hoo‐Jeong
Published: June 2012

This study examined the possibility of engineering the microstructure of InGaZnO films and enhancing the device performance of their thin film transistors by combining the thermal treatments of substrate heating and post‐annealing. Microstructure characterization using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy‐filtered selected area electron diffraction helped us to unravel a systematic improvement in atomic order induced by substrate heating. Hall measurement analysis confirmed that the electrical properties (carrier concentration and electron mobility) varied very sensitively with the thermal treatments. The combined thermal treatments were found to effectively enhance the overall device performance of the transistors, and the sample deposited at 200 °C and post‐annealed at 400 °C showed the best transistor characteristics with a saturation mobility (μsat) of nearly 26 cm2/V s. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.