bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SRGeJ045359.9+622444: A 55 Minute Period Eclipsing AM Canum Venaticorum Star Discovered from a Joint SRG/eROSITA + ZTF Search
Authors: Rodriguez Antonio C. , Galiullin Ilkham , Gilfanov Marat , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Khamitov Irek , Bikmaev Ilfan , van Roestel Jan , Yungelson Lev , El-Badry Kareem , Sunayev Rashid , Prince Thomas A. , Buntov Mikhail , Caiazzo Ilaria , Drake Andrew , Gorbachev Mark , Graham Matthew J. , Gumerov Rustam , Irtuganov Eldar , Laher Russ R. , Masci Frank J. , Medvedev Pavel , Purdum Josiah , Sakhibullin Nail , Sklyanov Alexander , Smith Roger , Szkody Paula , Vanderbosch Zachary P.
Published: August 2023

AM Canum Venaticorum (AM CVn) systems are ultracompact binaries where a white dwarf accretes from a helium-rich degenerate or semidegenerate donor. Some AM CVn systems will be among the loudest sources of gravitational waves for the upcoming Laser Interferometer Space Antenna; yet the formation channel of AM CVns remains uncertain. We report the study and characterization of a new eclipsing AM CVn, SRGeJ045359.9+622444 (hereafter, SRGeJ0453), discovered from a joint Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) Extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) mission and Zwicky Transient Facility program to identify cataclysmic variables (CVs). We obtained optical photometry to confirm the eclipse of SRGeJ0453 and determine the orbital period to be

P

orb

=
55.0802
±
0.0003

min

. We constrain the binary parameters by modeling the high-speed photometry and radial-velocity curves and find M
donor = 0.044 ± 0.024M
⊙ and R
donor = 0.078 ± 0.012R
⊙. The X-ray spectrum is approximated by a power-law model with an unusually flat photon index of Γ ∼ 1 previously seen in magnetic CVs with SRG/eROSITA, but verifying that the magnetic nature of SRGeJ0453 requires further investigation. Optical spectroscopy suggests that the donor star of SRGeJ0453 could have initially been a He star or a He white dwarf. SRGeJ0453 is the ninth eclipsing AM CVn system published to date, and its lack of optical outbursts have made it elusive in previous surveys. The discovery of SRGeJ0453 using joint X-ray and optical surveys highlights the potential for discovering similar systems in the near future.
An Extreme Black Hole in the Recurrent X-Ray Transient XTE J2012+381
Authors: Draghis Paul A. , Miller Jon M. , Brumback McKinley C. , Fabian Andrew C. , Tomsick John A. , Zoghbi Abderahmen
Published: August 2023

The black hole (BH) candidate XTE J2012+381 underwent an outburst at the end of 2022. We analyzed 105 NICER observations and two NuSTAR observations of the source during the outburst. The NuSTAR observations of the M ∼ 10 M
⊙ BH indicate clear signs of relativistic disk reflection, which we modeled to measure a BH spin of

a
=

0.988

−
0.030

+
0.008

and an inclination of

θ
=

68

−
11

+
6

deg (1σ statistical errors). In our analysis, we test an array of models and examine the effect of fitting NuSTAR spectra alone versus fitting simultaneously with NICER. We find that when the underlying continuum emission is properly accounted for, the reflected emission is similarly characterized by multiple models. We combined 52 NICER spectra to obtain a spectrum with an effective exposure of 190 ks in order to probe the presence of absorption lines that would be suggestive of disk winds, but the resulting features were not statistically significant. We discuss the implications of this measurement in relation to the overall BH spin distribution in X-ray binary systems.
False-positive Self-lensing Events: TESS Observing Asteroid-crossing Events in Disguise
Authors: Sorabella Nicholas M. , Laycock Silas G. T. , Neeley Liam J. , Christodoulou Dimitris M. , Bhattacharya Sayantan
Published: August 2023

We report observations of four asteroid-crossing events in Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite light curves masquerading as self-lensing pulses from binary systems containing main-sequence stars and black hole or neutron-star companions. The observed changes in flux and the durations of the events appear to be consistent with self-lensing pulses provided that (a) the compact-object mass is greater than 2 solar masses, and (b) the transit is not a perfect alignment, i.e., the center of the lens is not passing directly in front of the center of the source. We examine the relationship between the physical characteristics of these asteroid crossings and the derived parameters of our self-lensing model fits to the data sets. As the search for new self-lensing systems continues, we caution observers about such false-positive signals imitating real self-lensing pulses.
Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Hard X-Ray Sources in a Flare Model with a Vertical Current Sheet
Authors: Shabalin Alexander N. , Ovchinnikova Evgeniia P. , Charikov Yuri E.
Published: August 2023

We analyzed changes in the height of the coronal hard X-ray (HXR) source for flares SOL2013-05-13T01:50 and SOL2013-05-13T15:51. Analysis of the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager data revealed the downward motion of the HXR source and the separation of the sources by energy and height. In the early stages of the flares, a negative correlation was found between the HXR source area in the corona and HXR flux. For the SOL2013-05-13T15:51 event, an increasing trend in the time delay spectra at the footpoints was obtained. For both events, the spectra of the time delays in the coronal HXR source showed a decreasing trend with energy in certain flare phases. To interpret the observed phenomena, we considered a flare model of collapsing traps and calculated the distribution functions of accelerated electrons along the magnetic loop using a nonstationary relativistic kinetic equation. This approach considers betatron and Fermi first-order acceleration mechanisms. The increasing trend of the time delay spectra at the footpoints was explained by the high mirror ratio in the magnetic loop and betatron acceleration mechanism. The observed features in the spatial and temporal behavior of the HXR sources, such as the negative correlation between the HXR source area and HXR flux, can be interpreted by the collapsing trap model.
Completeness of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) Local Volume Sample
Authors: Cook D. O. , Mazzarella J. M. , Helou G. , Alcala A. , Chen T. X. , Ebert R. , Frayer C. , Kim J. , Lo T. , Madore B. F. , Ogle P. M. , Schmitz M. , Singer L. P. , Terek S. , Valladon J. , Wu X.
Published: August 2023

We introduce the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) Local Volume Sample (NED-LVS), a subset of ∼1.9 million objects with distances out to 1000 Mpc. We use UV and IR fluxes available in NED from all-sky surveys to derive physical properties, and estimate the completeness relative to the expected local luminosity density. The completeness relative to near-IR luminosities (which traces a galaxy’s stellar mass) is roughly 100% at D < 30 Mpc and remains moderate (70%) out to 300 Mpc. For brighter galaxies (≳L
*), NED-LVS is ∼100% complete out to ∼400 Mpc. When compared to other local Universe samples (GLADE and HECATE), all three are ∼100% complete below 30 Mpc. At distances beyond ∼80 Mpc, NED-LVS is more complete than both GLADE and HECATE by ∼10%–20%. NED-LVS is the underlying sample for the NED gravitational-wave follow-up service (NED-GWF), which provides prioritized lists of host candidates for GW events within minutes of alerts issued by the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA collaboration. We test the prioritization of galaxies in the volume of GW170817 by three physical properties, where we find that both stellar mass and inverse specific star formation rate place the correct host galaxy in the top 10. In addition, NED-LVS can be used for a wide variety of other astrophysical studies: galaxy evolution, star formation, large-scale structure, galaxy environments, and more. The data in NED are updated regularly, and NED-LVS will be updated concurrently. Consequently, NED-LVS will continue to provide an increasingly complete sample of galaxies for a multitude of astrophysical research areas for years to come.
Harmonic maps into sub-Riemannian Lie groups
Authors: Grong Erlend , Markina Irina
Published: August 2023

We define harmonic maps between sub-Riemannian manifolds by generalizing known definitions for Riemannian manifolds. We establish conditions for when a horizontal map into a Lie group with a left-invariant metric structure is a harmonic map. We show that sub-Riemannian harmonic maps can be abnormal or normal, just as sub-Riemannian geodesics. We illustrate our study by presenting the equations for harmonic maps into the Heisenberg group.
Psychological consequences of a diagnosis of infertility in men: a systematic analysis
Authors: Biggs Sarah N , Halliday Jane , Hammarberg Karin
Published: August 2023

Almost half of infertility cases involve male infertility. Understanding the consequence of a diagnosis of male infertility, as a sole or partial contributor to the couples’ infertility, to the mental health of men is required to ensure clinical care meets their psychological needs. The aim of this systematic analysis was to synthesize the evidence regarding whether men diagnosed with male factor infertility experience greater psychological distress than (1) men described as fertile and (2) men in couples with other infertility diagnoses. Online databases were searched using a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) headings and keywords relating to male infertility and psychological distress. The search yielded 1016 unique publications, of which 23 were included: 8 case–control, 14 prospective cohort, and 1 data linkage studies. Seven aspects of psychological distress were identified depression, anxiety, self-esteem, quality of life, fertility-related stress, general psychological stress or well-being, and psychiatric conditions. Case–control studies reported that men with male factor infertility have more symptoms of depression, anxiety and general psychological distress, worse quality of some aspects of life, and lower self-esteem than controls. When men with male factor infertility were compared to men in couples with other causes of infertility, there were few differences in the assessed aspects of psychological distress. Despite methodological limitations within the studies, this systematic analysis suggests that the experience of infertility, irrespective of its cause, negatively affects men’s mental health and demonstrates the need for assisted reproduction technology (ART) providers to consider men undergoing assisted reproduction as individuals with their own unique support needs.
What is the effect of Tribulus terrestris on testicular morphology and sperm production? An experimental study in the rat model
Authors: Da Silva Marcello Henrique Araujo , Buys-Gonçalves Gabriela Faria , Estrada João Henrique Duque Reis , Sampaio Francisco José Barcellos , de Souza Diogo Benchimol
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate whether treatment with Tribulus terrestris (Tt) has any impact on the testicular morphology and function in a rodent model. Twenty male rats were divided into a control group and a group receiving 100 mg kg−1 body weight of Tt supplementation. After 40 days of experiment, the animals were submitted to euthanasia; epididymal tail spermatozoa were collected; and spermatozoa concentration, motility, and viability were analyzed. In addition, testicles were collected and processed for histomorphometrical analyses. Data were compared using the Student’s t-test and considered significant when P < 0.05. Spermatozoa concentration, motility, and viability showed no difference between the groups. Further, testicular weight and volume, seminiferous tubule diameter, tunica propria surface density, seminiferous epithelium surface density, and intertubular compartment surface density were statistically similar between the groups. However, seminiferous epithelium height and tubular lumen surface density were augmented in animals treated with Tt. Treatment with Tt does not cause a major impact on testicular morphology, promoting only subtle modifications. No difference on spermatozoa parameters was observed.
Comparative study of effect of phacoemulsification on central macular thickness in diabetic and nondiabetic patients assessed with spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Hasan Mohd Ghaniul , Agrawal Ajai , Singh Anupam , Mittal Sanjeev Kumar , Sinha Smita , Samanta Ramanuj
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this work was to study the effect of uneventful phacoemulsification on central macular thickness (CMT) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients as assessed with spectral domain-optical coherence tomography.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective, observational, comparative, cohort study was carried out at a tertiary care center in North India from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019. A total of 90 diabetic patients and 95 nondiabetic controls undergoing phacoemulsification surgery were evaluated. CMT and visual acuity (VA) were noted preoperatively and postoperatively at the 6th and 12th weeks, respectively.

Results:

A total of 185 patients, 95 nondiabetic, and 90 diabetic patients were included in the study. The mean age (years) of the study population was 64.56 (10.38). The subclinical increase in macular thickness was maximum at 6 weeks postoperatively (P < 0.001) and was more in diabetic as compared to nondiabetic patients. Final macular thickness at 12 weeks was comparable in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients (P < 0.05). However, the difference in change in macular thickness (preoperative versus postoperative) between the two groups was not clinically significant at 6 weeks (0.67 µm) and 12 weeks (0.08 µm).

Conclusion:

Uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery with posterior chamber implantation of an intraocular lens is associated with subclinical macular thickening. However, there is no significant increase in macular thickness after phacoemulsification, irrespective of the glycemic status.
Bilateral vision loss as first presentation of vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Shrinkhal  , Kumar Arviand , Soni Annanya , Singh Suyash , Kanchan Arvind , Maurya Shailja , Gupta Shruti
Published: August 2023

Vestibular schwannoma is a benign, slow-growing tumor of the vestibular nerve, located at cerebellopontine angle. It is derived from the Schwann cells of the myelin sheath of cranial nerve eight. We present here a unique case of vestibular schwannoma, who visited us with a primary complaint of bilateral decreased vision. Detailed examination revealed bilateral papilloedema associated with right-sided cranial nerve five and eight involvements. Patient was operated for the right-sided cerebellopontine angle tumor under intraoperative neuromonitoring. Postoperatively, patient showed significant improvement, both symptomatically and clinically.
Ocular perspective of mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Shrinkhal  , Kothari Ashish , Mamgain Garima
Published: August 2023

A hereditary condition known as mucopolysaccharidosis is characterized by a lack of enzymes necessary for the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAG is improperly broken down, resulting in extensive lysosomal buildup throughout the different organs. From minor systemic and ocular involvement to a severe phenotype that can be lethal even in the few months of life, the clinical spectrum varies. Physical and cognitive skills are further hampered by visual impairment brought on by corneal clouding, retinopathy, and optic nerve involvement. Enzyme replacement therapy and bone marrow transplants are two examples of treatment methods that help patients live longer and better lives. The preferred course of treatment for people with visibly significant corneal clouding is keratoplasty. A thorough preoperative evaluation and patient counseling regarding the anticipated visual outcomes as well as postoperative complications such as graft re-opacification, rejection, and glaucoma should be conducted. Future therapies such as substrate reduction therapy and targeted gene therapy may be able to reverse corneal clouding. These therapeutic approaches are still in the testing phase.
Solitary choroidal mass: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Sood Gitanjli , Mahajan Sandeep , Sood Shilpa
Published: August 2023

We report a case of 46-year-old male who had progressive visual loss in right eye for 1 month, preceded by pain. He had visual acuity of hand movement at presentation and examination revealed a choroidal mass lesion in the superior quadrant with exudative retinal detachment. Systemic workup was inconclusive. Fluorescein angiography revealed speckled fluorescence contrary to hypo fluorescence of choroiditis, and the presence of T sign on B-scan led us to the diagnosis of nodular posterior scleritis (NPS). The patient was treated with oral steroids and visual acuity recovered to 6/6. NPS can present as a choroidal mass resembling granuloma; careful workup and investigations can diagnose the entity and result in good treatment outcome.
Comparative evaluation of anxiety level during restorative treatment using no music, monaural beats, and binaural auditory beats as audio distraction behavior guidance technique in children aged 6–12 years: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bhusari Bhuvanesh Nitin , Hugar Shivayogi M. , Kohli Neha , Karmarkar Sanika , Gokhale Niraj , Saxena Nivedita
Published: August 2023

Background:

Binaural auditory beat is an auditory illusion perceived when two different pure-tone sine waves with less than a 30 Hz difference are presented to a listener dichotically. Monaural beat stimulation is achieved by the superposition of amplitude-modulated signals of nearby frequencies to both ears simultaneously.

Aim:

The study aims to evaluate and compare anxiety level during restorative treatment using no music, monaural beats, and binaural auditory beats as audio distraction behavior guidance techniques in children aged 6–12 years.

Settings and Design:

Three-arm, parallel-group randomized study was conducted in the department of pediatric and preventive dentistry.

Materials and Methods:

The sample size of 45 participants was calculated and allocated into three groups as no music, monaural beats, and binaural auditory beats group. Teeth with Class I cavity in primary or permanent molars were prepared and restored. Anxiety was measured pre and postintervention using pulse oximeter and Venham’s picture test.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data obtained were analyzed with SPSS software version 20.0 and were carried out using one-way analysis of variance and dependent t-test and significance value < 0.05 was considered.

Results:

Binaural auditory beats and monaural beats showed a better reduction in anxiety levels as per Venham’s picture test scores with statistically significant “P” value 0.0001 and 0.064, respectively. Likewise, binaural auditory beats showed better reduction in anxiety levels as per pulse rate scores with statistically significant “P” value 0.0001 as compared to conventional treatment technique.

Conclusion:

Binaural auditory beat was found to be the most effective followed by the monaural beat compared to the control group. Thus, binaural auditory beats and monaural beats can be used effectively as an essential aid to reduce anxiety in children.
Assessment of changes in Streptococcus pyogenes levels using N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase marker and pharyngeal airway space with appliance therapy in mouth breathers – An ELISA-based study
Authors: Singh Meha , Mathur Shivani , Jhingan Pulkit , Jain Anshi
Published: August 2023

Background:

The frequency of adenotonsillar hypertrophy in mouth-breathing children when compared to the average found in the general population is considered to be higher. Mouth breathing is considered as one of the causative factors for tonsillitis in children. Through continuous irritation on tonsillar wall, tonsils swell up and inflammation develops.

Purpose:

The purpose of the study is to evaluate Streptococcus pyogenes count using colony-forming units (CFUs) and N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase side chain marker on ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) in mouth breathers and to establish its correlation with pharyngeal airway space pre- and post-oral screen appliance therapy.

Materials and Methods:

A total number of 24 (n) mouth breathers aged between 5 and 12 years were included in the study and given oral screen appliance therapy. The subjects were evaluated for the various parameters before the delivery of a habit-breaking appliance and then reevaluated for the same parameters (presence of S. pyogenes and its counts, size of tonsils, and pharyngeal airway space dimensions) after 6 months of appliance usage.

Results:

A statistically significant difference was seen in levels of S. pyogenes using ELISA and CFUs. Furthermore, statistically significant difference was observed in Friedman tonsil scoring and pharyngeal airway space and pre- and post-oral screen appliance therapy.

Conclusion:

Oral screen appliance therapy reduced the frequency of occurrence of tonsillitis in mouth breathers by decreasing the counts of S. pyogenes bacteria. Upper and lower pharyngeal airway space dimensions were increased after 6 months of appliance therapy in mouth breathers.
Reliability of three pain assessment tools in children requiring dental treatment: A comparative clinical study
Authors: Nagarwal Priya , Rana Vivek , Srivastava Nikhil , Kaushik Noopur , Pruthi Tushar
Published: August 2023

Background:

The appropriate intervention of pain is based on its accurate evaluation, which is a challenge in the pediatric population as they often do not have the language development or cognitive sophistication to describe it correctly. Untreated pain has a negative impact on the psychosocial well-being of children.

Aim and Objectives:

The study aimed to evaluate and compare the reliability of different pain assessment scales, namely, the Wong Baker Facial Pain Rating scale (WBFPS), Modified Emoji Pain Scale (MEPS), and indigenously developed indigenously made GIF Pain Scale (SPGPS) in children undergoing dental treatment under local anesthesia (LA).

Materials and Methods:

The study included 152 children aged 4–6 years with a Frankl behavior rating of score 3 and 4 (positive and definitely positive) requiring dental treatment under LA. After local infiltration, each child with two independent observers was asked to record the response of the current pain on the WBFPS, MEPS, and SPGPS. The reliability of the pain scales was assessed on the basis of similar responses given by all three individuals.

Results:

The Pearson correlation test was performed to determine the correlation among the scales. A very strong correlation was found between the WBFPS and SPGPS (r = 0.848), while a moderate correlation was found among the WBFPS and MEPS (r = 0.691). A strong correlation was found between the SPGPS and MEPS (r = 0.723).

Conclusion:

The SPGPS proved to be a more reliable pain assessment tool compared to the WBFPS and MEPS in clinical pediatric dentistry.
Bite force evaluation at maximal intercuspal position: An in vivo comparative study between stainless steel and zirconia crowns on primary molar teeth
Authors: Maheshkumar K. , Chowdhary Nagalakshmi , Chowdharry Ramesh , Vundela Rajashekar Reddy , Sonnahalli Nithin Kumar , Anuraaga A. Thirumagal
Published: August 2023

Objective:

The objective of this study was to clinically evaluate and compare the mean bite force changes at maximum intercuspal position, along with parental satisfaction following full crown restoration using stainless steel crown/zirconia crown on primary molar teeth using digital occlusal analysis system T-Scan III (Tekscan Corp, Boston, Mass., USA).

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-six primary molars of children aged 6–9 years with pulpal involvement were selected for the study. The selected teeth were allocated to either of the two groups using simple random sampling technique: Group A = stainless steel crowned teeth and Group B = zirconia crowned teeth. The mean bite force was recorded before the placement of the crown, after the placement of the crown, and after 1 month-follow-up. The inter-group and intra-group comparison was done among the groups. After the placement of the crown, parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire for assessing parental satisfaction.

Results:

A significant result in the bite force on crowned tooth, vertical dimension was seen from baseline to 1-month follow-up between the SSC and zirconia groups. In the zirconia crown group, the mean bite force was more compared to the stainless steel crown group. Parents’ satisfaction was higher with zirconia crown in terms of color and esthetics.

Conclusion:

SSC is more acceptable than zirconia crown since occlusal re-equilibration was attained better in SSC as compared to zirconia crown.
Determination and correlation of matrix metalloproteases profile and total antioxidant capacity in severe early childhood caries children – A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Thimmegowda Umapathy , Pai K. Soumya
Published: August 2023

Background and Objective:

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a multigene family that belongs to the metalloproteinase class of endopeptides, responsible for the remodeling and degeneration of extracellular matrix molecules. MMPs are collectively called Matrixins are known to participate in tooth development and dentin-caries progression. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is the measure of the amount of free radicals scavenged by a test solution, being used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of biological samples. Oxidative stress can affect the initiation and progression of many inflammatory and infectious diseases such as dental caries. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious public health problem that adversely affects children’s physical and mental health.

Aim:

The study aims to investigate and correlate the presence of MMPs and TAC in saliva of children with ECC.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was done on 50 children aged 3–6 years with severe ECC. Unstimulated, whole saliva samples were collected and stored and all 50 samples were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine MMPs and were subjected to spectrometry to assess the TAC of saliva. The samples with the presence of MMPs and increased TAC values were subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to check the correlation of MMPs and TAC in ECC.

Results:

TAC was 0.81 ± 0.14 mmol/l in the caries-active group and 0.15 ± 0.05 mmol/l in the caries-free group and was statistically significant at P < 0.001. MMP level in the caries-active group was 715.75 ± 102.42 μg/ml, whereas, in the caries-free group, it was 250.89 ± 86.51 μg/ml and was statistically significant at P < 0.001. The salivary MMP and TAC levels showed a significant positive moderate correlation with caries scores in the caries-active group and the finding was statistically significant at P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

From our results, it can be concluded that the both MMPs and TAC levels were high in caries active group than in the caries-free group. The salivary MMPs showed a moderate positive correlation with TAC in the ECC group. In age-wise comparison, the mean MMP levels in the caries active group were higher in children between 3 and 4 years than in 5–6 years. In the caries-free group, the mean MMP level was similar in both the age groups.
A comparative assessment of efficacy and preference between needleless device INJEX and insulin syringe for anesthetizing primary maxillary teeth in children aged 4–9 years: A split-mouth crossover randomized clinical study
Authors: Patel Megha , Bhatt Rohan , Mehta Miral , Patel Chhaya , Patel Foram , Makwani Disha
Published: August 2023

Background:

Managing pain in children is the most challenging task as it forms the foundation for instilling positive behavior toward dental treatment. Adequate local anesthesia (LA) is the cornerstone of pain management. However, the fear of needles, particularly in young children, can result in complete avoidance and refusal of treatment.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and preference between needleless device INJEX and insulin syringe for anesthetizing primary maxillary teeth in children aged 4–9 years.

Materials and Methods:

This randomized clinical study included 46 children aged 4–9 years. The patients were digitally allotted to receive 4% articaine for extractions of primary maxillary teeth, either using needleless device INJEX or insulin syringe on each side of the maxillary arch, in two different appointments after a 1-week washout period. Pain perception was measured by the subjective (Faces Pain Scale–Revised [FPS-R]) and objective pain scores (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability [FLACC]) and hemodynamic parameters (heart rate and oxygen saturation) during LA administration and during extractions. After the second appointment, children were asked about their preference between needleless device INJEX and insulin syringe.

Results:

On evaluating subjective pain scores with FPS-R, intergroup differences between the INJEX and insulin syringe groups were found statistically insignificant, both during LA administration (P = 0.101) and extraction (P = 0.080). However, on assessing pain objectively during extraction using FLACC, the mean pain score was less with insulin syringe (2.78) as compared to INJEX (4.72) and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.000). There was no significant difference in patient preference between the two methods.

Conclusion:

Pain perception was minimal during local anesthesia administration using needleless device INJEX; however, its clinical efficacy during extractions was reported to be lower than insulin syringe.
Comparative evaluation of Tell-Show-Do technique and its modifications in managing anxious pediatric dental patients among 4–8 years of age
Authors: Lekhwani Priyanka Sunil , Nigam Anant Gopal , Marwah Nikhil , Jain Shradha
Published: August 2023

Background:

Dentistry has made a remarkable progress in techniques, materials and technologies, however the anxiety of the child related to dental treatment still remains constant. Tell Show Do is the most common technique behaviour management of the child in the dental clinic since many years. Recently, many modifications of Tell Show Do technique have been researched and most of them provided an enhanced potential for the conventional technique research but were always individually compared to conventional technique.

Aim:

To evaluate the effectiveness of Tell Show Do technique in comparison with its 4 modifications Tell Play Do, Tell Play Do with Smart Phone Dentist Game, Tell Show Play Doh, Ask Tell Ask among 4-8 years old children during restorative treatment.

Methodology:

150 children aged 4-8 years were randomly selected divided into 5 groups comprising of 30 patients each. Evaluation of anxiety was done using Physiologic-Pulse Rate, Facial Image Scale and Venham’s Anxiety Scale.

Results:

Except for Ask Tell Ask Group the anxiety level of the subjects decreased in all groups according to physiologic readings and facial image score. Anxiety Score decreased preoperatively to postoperatively in all groups except for Tell Play Do and Ask Tell Ask group according to venhams anxiety scale.

Conclusion:

Although Tell Show Do technique is most widely accepted and modified technique, due to changing scenarios of today’s children Tell Play Do, Tell Play Do with Smart Phone Dentist Game and Tell Show Play Doh are also showing encouraging results.
Morphology of the occlusal surface of primary molars as a risk factor for caries
Authors: Kaskova Luidmyla , Sadovski Marina , Khmil Olena , Vashchenko Iryna , Morhun Natalia
Published: August 2023

Aims:

Impact of primary molars is a significant problem for children with early caries, as they are the ones that predominate in the structure of damage to primary teeth. The goal of our study was to investigate the peculiarities of the primary molars occlusal surfaces with the study of their types and possibilities of caries occurrence in them.

Methods:

To study the odontoglyphics of primary molars, a clinical preventive dental examination of 335 children of preschool institutions in the city of Poltava and Poltava region was conducted with the written consent of their parents. As a part of this examination, the occlusal surface of primary molars was studied according to the classic dental examination method with the examination card of each examined child being filled in. After a detailed study of odontoglyphic patterns of occlusal surfaces, photoprotocoling was carried out. A total of 2484 primary molars were examined: 622 maxillary first molars, 634 maxillary second molars, 608 mandibular first molars, and 620 mandibular second molars.

Results:

We found that both maxillary and mandibular primary molars which have a complex relief of the occlusal surface are most often affected by caries.

Conclusions:

The obtained data indicate that the primary molars of the upper and lower jaw, which have a complex pattern of the chewing surface, are most often affected. However, there is a need for preventive measures in children with such types of structure of the chewing surface.
The prevalence of varicella zoster virus, herpes simplex virus type 2, and human papillomavirus in breast cancerous tissues and their adjacent ones in Iran
Authors: Tavakolian Shaian , Faghihloo Ebrahim
Published: August 2023

Background:

Breast cancer is the second type of cancer in the world. Some internal and external risk factors, especially infection diseases, can progress breast cancer. As the relation between varicella zoster virus (VZV), human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and breast cancer has not been understood, it was attempting to find the effect of these viruses and breast cancer in this study.

Materials and Methods:

We collected 40 breast cancer and 50 healthy adjacent tissues from Taleghani and Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 3 years starting in 2017. After extracting DNA from breast tissues, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR, and PCR were done to analyze the prevalence of HSV-2, VZV, and HPV.

Results:

Our results showed that HPV may be one of the important causes of breast cancer. Nested PCR illustrated nine breast cancerous tissues (mean age: 43) and three healthy adjacent ones (mean age: 41) were infected by HPV. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that all of the infected HPV cancerous and healthy tissues were HPV 18 (except two healthy samples infected with HPV 6). Nevertheless, there were not any infected tissues by HSV-2 and VZV.

Conclusion:

It seems that HPV virus type 18 can have high prevalence in breast cancerous tissues in comparison with healthy adjacent ones, and it is likely to have an effect on breast cancer progression. However, the opposite trend is true for HSV-2 and VZV as we did not find any differences between different kinds of breast tissues.
The complete reversal effect following angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and beta-blockers after the primary diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhou Ping , Jiang Xin , Wang Na , Shou Jialing , Fang Yuqiang
Published: August 2023

Background:

Whether combination administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and beta-blockers (BBs) has a “reversal” effect on cardiac structure and function for first-diagnosed idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (FSIDCM) patients with unclear etiologies and inducements is unknown.

Materials and Methods:

We studied the effect of the protocol on FSIDCM patients. The effect was investigated in 26 FSIDCM patients. The criteria of “complete reversal” included left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) ≤50 mm for females or ≤55 mm for males and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥45%; the criteria of “partial reversal” was the decreased rate of LVEDD (ΔLVEDD) >10% or the increase rate of LVEF (ΔLVEF) >10%; the criteria of “no reversal” included LVEDD >50 mm for females or >55 mm for males and ΔLVEDD <10%, and LVEF <45% and ΔLVEF <10%.

Results:

Within the follow-up period, nine patients showed “complete reversal,” eight “partial reversal,” and nine “no reversal.” Improvements in echocardiogram parameters were the most significant in “complete reversal” patients (P < 0.001), followed by “partial reversal” and “no reversal” patients (P < 0.05). The QRS (Q wave, R wave, S wave) duration and symptoms duration in “complete reversal” patients were the shortest, followed by “partial reversal” and “no reversal” patients.

Conclusion:

ACEIs or ARBs and BBs have a “complete reversal” effect on the left ventricular size and function of some FSIDCM patients. Patients with a narrow QRS and short symptom duration may have a good response.
Correlation of biofilm formation, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups among Escherichia coli strains causing urinary tract infection: A global systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mirzahosseini Hossein Karballaei , Najmeddin Farhad , Najafi Atabak , Ahmadi Arezoo , Sharifnia Hamidreza , Khaledi Azad , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba
Published: August 2023

Background:

Different virulence factors are involved in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC); hence, this study aimed to study the prevalence of biofilm formation, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups and their correlation with biofilm formation among UPEC isolates through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Materials and Methods:

A literature search was conducted from 1, 2000, to the end of 2021 in different databases for studies that reported biofilm together with virulence genes or phylogenetic groups in UPEC isolates from patients with UTI according to PRISMA protocol. Data were analyzed by Comprehensive meta-analysis software.

Results:

The pooled prevalence of biofilm formers was 74.7%. The combined prevalence of phylogenetic Groups A, B1, B2, and D (s) were reported at 19.6%, 11%, 50.7%, and 20.5%, respectively. The most common virulence genes reported worldwide were fimA, ecpA, and fimH, with a combined prevalence of 90.3%, 86.6%, and 64.9%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of biofilm formation in UPEC isolates with phylogenetic Groups A, B1, B2, D, C, and F were 12.4%, 8.7%, 33.7%, 12.4%, 2.6%, and 2.65%, respectively. Several studies showed a correlation between biofilm production and virulence genes, or phylogenetic groups.

Conclusion:

Regarding data obtained, the high level of combined biofilm formation (74.7%) and the presence of a positive correlation between biofilm production and virulence genes, or phylogenetic groups as reported by the most studies included in the present review, indicates an important role of biofilm in the persistence of UPEC in the UTI.
The adaptation of epoxy resin and calcium silicate-based sealers in the middle third of the root canal wall: In vitro study
Authors: Maharti Ike Dwi , Ahimsa Raissa Ardelia , Putranto Aditya Wisnu
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

An ideal sealer produces a hermetic closure, does not cause tooth discoloration, is bacteriostatic, insoluble in tissue fluids and biocompatible, and has good adhesion and a long setting time. Until now, no sealer material has met all these criteria. This study analyzed the differences in sealer adaptation between epoxy resin calcium silicate-based sealers in the middle third of the root canal wall.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-two mandibular premolar teeth were prepared and divided into two groups (n = 16 each) according to the type of sealer used for obturation, Group 1 teeth were obturated with an epoxy resin-based sealer, and Group 2 teeth were obturated with a calcium silicate-based sealer. The teeth were cut vertically and prepared for scanning electron microscopy analysis. Sealer adaptation was scored and then analyzed statistically by a Chi-square test.

Results:

The adaptation scores were poor for 0 (0%) teeth, good for 13 (81.25%), and very good for 3 (18.75%) for the epoxy resin-based sealer and poor for 3 (18.75%) teeth, good for 5 (31.25%), and very good for 8 (50%) for the calcium silicate-based sealer. No statistically significant difference was detected between the adaptation of epoxy resin-based and calcium silicate-based sealers (P > 0.05). Overall, the particles appeared larger for epoxy resin than for calcium silicate.

Discussion and Conclusion:

No statistical difference was detected for sealer adaptation between epoxy resin-based and calcium silicate-based sealers in the middle third of the root canal wall.
Efficacy of corticosteroids on postoperative pain levels after nonsurgical endodontic treatment: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Lalfakawmi Serena , Gupta Alpa , Bukhari Seema , Abraham Dax , Singh Arundeep , Mrinalini
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

According to previously published data, the severity of pain caused by pulp therapy and root canal treatment is more compared to other dental operative procedures. Corticosteroids are one of the most common drugs used in endodontics for reducing postoperative pain levels. The aim of this study is to compare and assess the effect of corticosteroids on postoperative pain levels with an active or passive placebo after nonsurgical endodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:

The standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Checklist was used for framing the review protocol and it was then registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42022372527). In this overview, systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis that evaluated the efficacy of corticosteroids alone, irrespective of their route, time, dosage of administration, and tooth vitality, in controlling postoperative pain levels in teeth requiring root canal treatment were included. The assessment of multiple systematic reviews tool was used to investigate the methodological quality of the systematic reviews included in this review.

Results:

The majority of the studies that were selected for this review showed that using corticosteroids led to a significant decrease in pain levels following endodontic treatment, especially at 6 h after completion of treatment. Pain levels were reduced considerably when prednisolone was compared with other forms of corticosteroids. It is suggested that when prednisolone is administered 30 min before the commencement of root canal therapy, it is similar in its effect to using similar doses for a longer duration. However, further randomized controlled trials are required keeping the strict inclusion criteria in mind.

Conclusions:

The systematic reviews summarized in this overview support the conclusion that using corticosteroids greatly reduced postoperative pain following endodontic treatment, and they also dispel any misconceptions about corticosteroids’ routine use in moderation.
Implementing rotary root canal instrumentation in the clinical training of undergraduate students from Saudi Dental Schools: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Alotaibi Badi B.
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Rotary nickel–titanium files for root canal therapy have become standard treatment modalities in general practice and specialized dental centers. Undergraduate dental students should receive proper training in using rotary files before graduation. Therefore, this study aimed to provide detailed insight into the implementation of rotary root canal instruments in the clinical training of undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

Two randomly selected private schools and 13 government-owned schools were selected to represent all administrative regions in Saudi Arabia. The SurveyMonkey® questionnaire was sent to each dental school through direct communication. It covered most aspects of the rotary root canal instruments used in the clinical training of undergraduate students before graduation.

Results:

Approximately 92.9% of the included dental schools reported using rotary files in undergraduate teaching; however, only 57.1% had specific clinical requirements for rotary root canal instrumentation in their curricula. Laboratory simulation sessions were the most commonly used preclinical training methods for rotary instrumentation (85.7%). Most dental schools implemented rotary file training in the 4th and 5th years (53.8% and 38.5%, respectively). The ProTaper® (Universal, Next, Gold) was the most commonly used rotary system. Most dental schools had an instructor-to-student ratio of 1:5.

Conclusion:

Most Saudi dental schools have adopted rotary files during their undergraduate training. However, the curricula of some dental schools do not include a predetermined number of clinical cases treated with rotary instrumentation to ensure better training for students before graduation.
Assessment of debris extrusion on using automated irrigation device with conventional needle irrigation – An ex vivo study
Authors: Choudhari Sahil , Teja Kavalipurapu Venkata , Kumar Raja , Ramesh Sindhu
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Irrigation is an essential aspect of effective cleaning and disinfecting the root canal system. Debris tends to extrude in due course of instrumentation and irrigation. The present study aimed to assess the debris extrusion using an automated root canal irrigation device.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty-six intact maxillary premolars with double-rooted morphology undergoing extraction were collected. They were allocated into three groups – Group I: control (distilled water irrigation), Group II: conventional needle irrigation, and Group III: automated root canal irrigation (n = 22). Each specimen was then inserted into the Eppendorf tube for debris collection. The canals were then instrumented to 40 size 0.04 taper using HyFlex CM rotary file system. Experimental irrigation varied based on the specific group allocated. Finally, after the irrigation, the collected debris was weighed using the analytical balance.

Results:

A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was elicited in the debris extrusion scores seen among different groups assessed.

Conclusion:

Debris extrusion was minimal with automated root canal irrigation device as compared to syringe needle irrigation.
Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with and without horizontal posts, using packable and bulkfill flowable composite: An in vitro study
Authors: Jha Swati , Sinha Dakshita Joy , Bhalla Sugandha , Sharma Pallavi , Sharma Nidhi , Vats Swapnil
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Root canal therapy is often required due to the pulpal and periradicular infection after coronal hard tissue loss. A high risk of biomechanical failure is associated with loss of structural integrity with endodontically treated teeth. Prognosis is affected by various parameters, such as extent of tooth structure loss, ferrule height, post and cores, and materials used for restoration.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities restored with horizontal glass fiber resin posts and composite.

Materials and Methods:

Ninety intact extracted maxillary molars were collected, subjected to endodontic treatment, and were divided into 6 groups (n = 15): Group 1 (control group, untreated teeth), Group 2 (cavity without restoration), Group 3a (cavity restored with Neo Spectra ST), Group 3b (cavity restored with Neo Spectra ST after placement of horizontal glass fiber resin posts), Group 4a (cavity restored with SDR Plus), and Group 4b (cavity restored with SDR Plus after placement of horizontal fiber resin posts). Then samples were subjected to a universal testing machine for evaluation. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

The mean (standard deviation) fracture load among groups was 354.46 N (±31.15N) to 1241.73 N (±29.97N). Significant statistical difference at P < 0.05 was present between the groups, Group 1>Group 4b>Group 3b>Group 4a>Group 3a>Group 2.

Conclusion:

Under the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that samples of MOD cavities in endodontically treated teeth, when incorporated with horizontal glass fiber resin posts, resulted in higher fracture resistance.