bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Type II Tibial Spine Fractures: Addressing the Treatment Controversy With a Mixed-Effects Model
Authors: Adams Alexander J. , O’Hara Nathan N. , Abzug Joshua M. , Aoyama Julien T. ,   Tibial Spine Research Group, Ganley Theodore J. , Carey James L. , Cruz Aristides I. , Ellis Henry B. , Fabricant Peter D. , Green Daniel W. , Heyworth Benton E. , Janicki Joseph A. , Kocher Mininder S. , Lawrence John T.R. , Lee R. Jay , McKay Scott D. , Mistovich R. Justin , Patel Neeraj M. , Polousky John D. , Rhodes Jason T. , Sachleben Brant C. , Sargent M. Catherine , Schmale Gregory A. , Shea Kevin G. , Yen Yi-Meng
Published: August 2019

Background:

Tibial spine fractures, although relatively rare, account for a substantial proportion of pediatric knee injuries with effusions and can have significant complications. Meyers and McKeever type II fractures are displaced anteriorly with an intact posterior hinge. Whether this subtype of pediatric tibial spine fracture should be treated operatively or nonoperatively remains controversial. Surgical delay is associated with an increased risk of arthrofibrosis; thus, prompt treatment decision making is imperative.

Purpose:

To assess for variability among pediatric orthopaedic surgeons when treating pediatric type II tibial spine fractures.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

A discrete choice experiment was conducted to determine the patient and injury attributes that influence the management choice. A convenience sample of 20 pediatric orthopaedic surgeons reviewed 40 case vignettes, including physis-blinded radiographs displaying displaced fractures and a description of the patient’s sex, age, mechanism of injury, and predominant sport. Surgeons were asked whether they would treat the fracture operatively or nonoperatively. A mixed-effects model was then used to determine the patient attributes most likely to influence the surgeon’s decision, as well as surgeon training background, years in practice, and risk-taking behavior.

Results:

The majority of respondents selected operative treatment for 85% of the presented cases. The degree of fracture displacement was the only attribute significantly associated with treatment choice ( P < .001). Surgeons were 28% more likely to treat the fracture operatively with each additional millimeter of displacement of fracture fragment. Over 64% of surgeons chose to treat operatively when the fracture fragment was displaced by ≥3.5 mm. Significant variation in surgeon’s propensity for operative treatment of this fracture was observed ( P = .01). Surgeon training, years in practice, and risk-taking scores were not associated with the respondent’s preference for surgical treatment.

Conclusion:

There was substantial variation among pediatric orthopaedic surgeons when treating type II tibial spine fractures. The decision to operate was based on the degree of fracture displacement. Identifying current treatment preferences among surgeons given different patient factors can highlight current variation in practice patterns and direct efforts toward promoting the most optimal treatment strategies for controversial type II tibial spine fractures.
Written Feedback on Thermal Index During the First-Trimester Nuchal Translucency Examination Does Not Improve Compliance With the “as Low as Reasonably Achievable” Principle
Authors: Bagley Jennifer E. , Nematzadeh Freshta , Spitz Jean Lea , Baldwin Jonathan
Published: August 2019

Objective: The null hypothesis was that there would be no change in as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) behavior based on feedback from comments on the nuchal translucency quality review (NTQR) image submissions. Methods: A review of the Perinatal Quality Foundation Database found 206 practitioners who failed their first credential attempt and received ALARA comments as feedback. The second submissions of the same subjects were reviewed to determine if compliance with ALARA improved following written feedback. Results: Seventeen percent of all second submissions addressed ALARA. Sixty-one percent of second submissions passed, however only 18.4 % of those addressed ALARA. Among those who submitted thermal index at bone values on both first and second submissions, the mean values on the second submission were 0.20 lower compared to the first submission ( P = .0288). Second submission mean thermal index at bone values were 0.68 lower among those submissions with ALARA concerns addressed compared to those not addressing these concerns ( P < .001). Conclusions: Written feedback without consequences on the ALARA principle did not improve compliance.
Exosomes derived from microRNA-138-5p-overexpressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells confer neuroprotection to astrocytes following ischemic stroke via inhibition of LCN2
Authors: Deng Yiming , Chen Duanduan , Gao Feng , Lv Hong , Zhang Guojun , Sun Xuan , Liu Lian , Mo Dapeng , Ma Ning , Song Ligang , Huo Xiaochuan , Yan Tianyi , Zhang Jingbo , Miao Zhongrong
Published: August 2019

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the progression of ischemic stroke (IS) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived exosomes play a role in IS therapy. Herein we hypothesized that the BMSCs-derived exosomes containing overexpressed miR-138-5p could protect the astrocytes following IS involved with lipocalin 2 (LCN2).

Methods

The differentially expressed gene related to IS was initially identified by bioinformatics analysis. miR-138-5p was predicted to regulate LCN2. The expression of miR-138-5p and LCN2 was altered in the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced astrocytes. Furthermore, the cell behaviors and inflammatory responses were evaluated both in astrocytes alone and astrocytes co-cultured with exosomes derived from BMSCs overexpressing miR-138-5p to explore the involvement of miR-138-5p and LCN2 in IS. Besides, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model was established to explore the effect of BMSCs-derived exosomal miR-138-5p in IS in vivo.

Results

LCN2 was highly expressed in IS. Besides, LCN2 was a target gene of miR-138-5p. BMSCs-derived exosomes could be endocytosed by astrocytes via co-culture. Overexpression of miR-138-5p promoted the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of astrocytes injured by OGD, accompanied by the reduced expression of inflammatory factors, which was achieved by down-regulating LCN2. More importantly, BMSCs delivered miR-138-5p to the astrocytes via exosomes and BMSCs-derived exosomal miR-138-5p alleviated neuron injury in IS mice.

Conclusion

BMSCs-derived exosomal miR-138-5p reduces neurological impairment by promoting proliferation and inhibiting inflammatory responses of astrocytes following IS by targeting LCN2, which may provide a novel target for IS treatment.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sunitinib and integrin antagonist peptide HM-3 show similar lipid raft dependent biphasic regulation of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis
Authors: Hu Jialiang , Wang Wenjing , Liu Chen , Li Mengwei , Nice Edouard , Xu Hanmei
Published: August 2019

Background

Anti-angiogenesis remains an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. Some anti-angiogenic reagents have bell-shape dose-response curves with higher than the effective doses yielding lower anti-angiogenic effects. In this study, two different types of anti-angiogenic reagents, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sunitinib and an integrin antagonist peptide HM-3, were selected and their effects on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis were compared. The involved molecular mechanisms were investigated.

Methods

The effect of high dose Sunitinib and HM-3 on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis was investigated with two animal models: metastasis of B16F10 cells in syngeneic mice and metastasis of human MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice. Furthermore, mechanistic studies were performed with cell migration and invasion assays and with biochemical pull-down assays of intracellular RhoGTPases. Distribution of integrin αvβ3, α5β1, VEGFR2 and the complex of integrin αvβ3 and VEGFR2 inside or outside of lipid rafts was detected with lipid raft isolation and Western-blot analysis.

Results

Both Sunitinib and HM-3 showed a bell-shape dose-response curve on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis in both animal models. The effects of Sunitinib and HM-3 on endothelial cell and tumor cell proliferation and migration were characterized. Activation of intracellular RhoGTPases and actin stress fiber formation in endothelial and cancer cells following Sunitinib and HM-3 treatment correlated with cell migration analysis. Mechanistic studies confirmed that HM-3 and Sunitinib regulated distribution of integrin αvβ3, α5β1, VEGFR2 and αvβ3-VEGFR2 complexes, both inside and outside of the lipid raft regions to regulate endothelial cell migration and intracellular RhoGTPase activities.

Conclusions

These data confirmed that a general non-linear dose-effect relationship for these anti-angiogenic drugs exists and their mechanisms are correlative. It also suggests that the effective dose of an anti-angiogenic drug may have to be strictly defined to achieve its optimal clinical effects.
An efficient wavefield inversion: Using a modified source function in the wave equation
Authors: Alkhalifah Tariq , Song Chao
Published: August 2019

The wavefield is often reconstructed through solving a wave equation corresponding to an active source and using our best knowledge of the medium to reproduce the data that we seek to fit the observed data as part of a process we call full-waveform inversion (FWI). Alternatively, the wavefield can be inverted and used to invert for the velocity model, in an extended optimization problem, in which we can relax the requirement that the wavefield satisfies the wave equation. In this case, the wavefield calculation, as in FWI, requires a matrix inversion (which depends on the velocity) at practically every iteration. Thus, we formulate a bilinear optimization problem with respect to the wavefield and a modified source function, as independent variables. We specifically recast the wave equation so that velocity perturbations are included in this modified source function (which includes secondary or contrast sources); thus, it represents the velocity perturbations implicitly. The optimization includes a measure of the wavefield’s fit to the data at the sensor locations and the wavefield, as well as the modified source function, compliance with a wave equation corresponding to the background model. This problem is, however, complex with an extended model space that is ill-posed, so we use an alternating-direction method to reduce the inversion to two subproblems for inverting each of the wavefields and extended source. On the other hand, the velocity perturbations can be extracted in a separate step via direct division (deconvolution). Because we avoid using gradient methods in extracting the velocity perturbations, we are less prone to crosstalk artifacts when we use simultaneous sources. We evaluate these features on a simple two-anomalies model and the modified Marmousi model.
Neoadjuvant Talazoparib for Patients With Operable Breast Cancer With a Germline BRCA Pathogenic Variant
Authors: Litton Jennifer K. , Scoggins Marion E. , Hess Kenneth R. , Adrada Beatriz E. , Murthy Rashmi K. , Damodaran Senthil , DeSnyder Sarah M. , Brewster Abenaa M. , Barcenas Carlos H. , Valero Vicente , Whitman Gary J. , Schwartz-Gomez Jill , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Thompson Alastair M. , Helgason Thorunn , Ibrahim Nuhad , Piwnica-Worms Helen , Moulder Stacy L. , Arun Banu K.
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE

Talazoparib has demonstrated efficacy in patients with BRCA-positive metastatic breast cancer. This study evaluated the pathologic response of talazoparib alone for 6 months in patients with a known germline BRCA pathogenic variant (g BRCA-positive) and operable breast cancer.

METHODS

Eligibility included 1 cm or larger invasive tumor and g BRCA-positive disease. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive tumors were excluded. Twenty patients underwent a pretreatment biopsy, 6 months of once per day oral talazoparib (1 mg), followed by definitive surgery. Patients received adjuvant therapy at physician’s discretion. The primary end point was residual cancer burden (RCB). With 20 patients, the RCB-0 plus RCB-I response rate can be estimated with a 95% CI with half width less than 20%.

RESULTS

Twenty patients were enrolled from August 2016 to September 2017. Median age was 38 years (range, 23 to 58 years); 16 patients were g BRCA1 positive and 4 patients were g BRCA2 positive. Fifteen patients had triple-negative breast cancer (estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor < 10%), and five had hormone receptor-positive disease. Five patients had clinical stage I disease, 12 had stage II, and three had stage III, including one patient with inflammatory breast carcinoma and one with metaplastic chondrosarcomatous carcinoma. One patient chose to receive chemotherapy before surgery and was not included in RCB analyses. RCB-0 (pathologic complete response) rate was 53% and RCB-0/I was 63%. Eight patients (40%) had grade 3 anemia and required a transfusion, three patients had grade 3 neutropenia, and 1 patient had grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Common grade 1 or 2 toxicities were nausea, fatigue, neutropenia, alopecia, dizziness, and dyspnea. Toxicities were managed by dose reduction and transfusions. Nine patients required dose reduction.

CONCLUSION

Neoadjuvant single-agent oral talazoparib once per day for 6 months without chemotherapy produced substantial RCB-0 rate with manageable toxicity. The substantive pathologic response to single-agent talazoparib supports the larger, ongoing neoadjuvant trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03499353 ).
Local translation of yeast ERG4 mRNA at the endoplasmic reticulum requires the brefeldin A resistance protein Bfr1
Authors: Manchalu Srinivas , Mittal Nitish , Spang Anne , Jansen Ralf-Peter
Published: August 2019

Brefeldin A resistance factor 1 (Bfr1p) is a nonessential RNA-binding protein and multicopy suppressor of brefeldin A sensitivity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletion of BFR1 leads to multiple defects, including altered cell shape and size, change in ploidy, induction of P-bodies and chromosomal missegregation. Bfr1p has been shown to associate with polysomes, binds to several hundred mRNAs, and can target some of them to P-bodies. Although this implies a role of Bfr1p in translational control of mRNAs, its molecular function remains elusive. In the present study, we show that mutations in RNA-binding residues of Bfr1p impede its RNA-dependent colocalization with ER, yet do not mimic the known cellular defects seen upon BFR1 deletion. However, a Bfr1 RNA-binding mutant is impaired in binding to ERG4 mRNA, which encodes an enzyme required for the final step of ergosterol biosynthesis. Consistently, bfr1Δ strains show a strong reduction in Erg4p protein levels, most likely because of degradation of misfolded Erg4p. Polysome profiling of bfr1Δ or bfr1 mutant strains reveals a strong shift of ERG4 mRNA to polysomes, consistent with a function of Bfr1p in elongation or increased ribosome loading. Collectively, our data reveal that Bfr1 has at least two separable functions: one in RNA binding and cotranslational protein translocation into the ER and one in ploidy control or chromosome segregation.
Time Inconsistency and Product Design: A Strategic Analysis of Feature Creep
Authors: Jain Sanjay
Published: August 2019

This paper examines how time-inconsistent consumers affect firms’ product design and pricing decisions.
Two halves of a whole
Authors: Long Kim , Francis Nadine
Published: August 2019

What is it like to work so closely and for so long with a colleague that you cannot imagine being without them? Dental nurses and reception team Kim Long and Nadine Francis reveal the secret of being a good ‘wingman’
The COSHH principles
Authors: Russell Jo
Published: August 2019

Jo Russell considers some key components when collating Control of Substances Hazardous to Health files in dental practices
Morphological and molecular identification of Pfenderius heterocaeca (Trematode: Paramphistomoidea) from Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus)
Authors: Firdausy Lintang Winantya , Prahardani Rahmania , Wusahaningtyas Lu'lu' Sahara , Indarjulianto Soedarmanto , Wahyu Muhammad , Nursalim Muhammad Tauhid , Nurcahyo Wisnu
Published: August 2019

Background and Aim: Paramphistomiasis is common in tropical countries such as Indonesia and affects livestock and various endemic wild animals such as Sumatran elephants. However, the specific species of paramphistomoid worm that causes paramphistomiasis are rarely reported. The study aims at identifying paramphistomoid worm that infects Sumatran elephants.

Materials and Methods: Flukes were collected from the feces of five semi-captive Sumatran elephants that lived at Tegal Yoso Elephant Response Unit in Way Kambas National Park, in 2018, after treatment of oxyclozanide 1 g at the dose of approximately 5-8 mg/kg of body weight. Eight paramphistomoid worms were flattened and stained in Semichon's carmine for morphological identification, and five other worms were used for molecular identification at second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid sequence.

Results: Forty-five flukes were collected from five Sumatran elephants in Lampung, Indonesia. Eight paramphistomoid worms were morphologically identified as Pfenderius heterocaeca> and five isolates did not show any variation in ITS-2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there was a close genetic relationship between our sample and Chiorchis fabaceus that had a family similar to the samples.

Conclusion: Based on the morphological and molecular characteristics, the paramphistomoids found in Sumatran elephant on Way Kambas National Park are P. heterocaeca.

Keywords: internal transcribed spacer-2, paramphistomiasis, Pfenderius spp., Sumatran elephant.
Impact of high temperature drying process on beech wood containing tension wood
Authors: Klement Ivan , Vilkovská Tatiana , Uhrín Miroslav , Barański Jacek , Konopka Aleksandra
Published: August 2019

The technology of high temperature drying has a great influence on dimensional and selected physical changes in tension wood. Article is focused on the measurement properties such as moisture content, color changes and longitudinal warping. The quality of beech wood is determined based on structure and properties of wood, frequency of defects in wood material. The tension wood is considered as an important wood defect causing negative alterations in solid wood quality and limits industrial application of wood. The different values of longitudinal warping which were measured after drying were higher in tension wood than in normal wood. Impact of radial and tangential angle of growth rings is non-significant factor.
Images of Bernstein sets via continuous functions
Authors: Cichoń Jacek , Morayne Michał , Rałowski Robert
Published: August 2019

We examine images of Bernstein sets via continuous mappings.
Among other results, we prove that there exists a continuous function

f
:

ℝ
→
ℝ

{f\colon\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}}

that maps every Bernstein subset of

ℝ

{\mathbb{R}}

onto the whole real line.
This gives the positive answer to a question of Osipov.
Erfassung von Formabweichungen rotierender optischer Flächen mit linien-scannendem Interferometer, Echtzeitauswertung und Achsabweichungskompensation / Detection of form deviations of rotating optical surfaces with line-scanning interferometer, real-time evaluation and compensation of scan axis deviations
Authors: Riebeling Jörg , Wellem Igor , Lehmann Peter , Ehret Gerd
Published: August 2019

Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages wird die Weiterentwicklung eines Michelson-Interferometer- Aufbaus [3, 4] zur Messung von Formabweichungen rotierender Messobjekte vorgestellt. Das Interferometer nutzt eine sinusförmige Weglängenmodulation im Referenzarm, um Oberflächen rotierender Messobjekte mithilfe einer Zeilenkamera zu erfassen. Der Sensor wurde um zwei zusätzliche interferometrisch messende Punktsensoren erweitert, welche gegenüber einer bekannten Referenzfläche sowohl stochastische als auch systematische Abweichungen der Rotationsbewegung mit einer minimalen Messunsicherheit von unter 1nm erfassen können [7, 8] und so den Einsatz einer kostengünstigen Rotationsachse ermöglichen. Aus den Messdaten der Punktsensoren werden in Echtzeit relative Abstandswerte errechnet. Diese werden gespeichert und nach der Messung zur Korrektur der ebenfalls in Echtzeit ermittelten Höhenwerte des Liniensensors verwendet. Ergebnisse einer Messung unter Verwendung einer Rotationsachse mit starken stochastischen Höhenabweichung werden sowohl mit als auch ohne Korrektur anhand der Punktsensorergebnisse gezeigt. Ein optimiertes mechanisches Design wird vorgestellt, welches durch eine reduzierte Anzahl mechanischer Komponenten die Empfindlichkeit des Sensors gegen äußere Störeinflüsse reduziert.
Fusion of range measurements and semantic estimates in an evidential framework / Fusion von Distanzmessungen und semantischen Größen im Rahmen der Evidenztheorie
Authors: Richter Sven , Wirges Sascha , Königshof Hendrik , Stiller Christoph
Published: August 2019

A detailed reconstruction of the environment is a crucial component of mobile robotic systems and enables higher level scene understanding. To achieve information redundancy heterogenous sensors need to be used with each sensor having specific strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, the goal of this work is to fuse information from multiple lidars, radars, a stereo camera and semantic camera information into one common scene representation. In contrast to past publications, we focus on the combination of distance measurements and semantic estimates in the image domain in one common evidential framework. Grid maps are used as common fusion structure which enable efficient data processing. The approach is validated on an automated driving plattform in real traffic scenarios. Experiments show that the scene reconstruction precision increases while still retaining the real-time capability.
Self-x integrated sensor circuits immune to measurement noise in the presence of input perturbation by using robust optimization / Integrierte Sensorelektronik mit Self-x-Eigenschaften und verbesserter Immunität gegenüber Rauscheinflüssen bei der Messung und Störung der Eingangsgrößen durch ein robustes Optimierungsverfahren
Authors: Zaman Qummar , König Andreas
Published: August 2019

This paper aims to propose a new technique to extend the performance of the reconfigurable self-x sensory system for industry 4.0 to efficiently obtain robust solution even in the presence of uncertainty both in the input and output stage. Variance measure is employed to handle the uncertainty in the input stage or search space. As far as measurement or objective space, uncertainty is concerned archive-based method applied, and it does not demand any additional computational resources. The traditional evolutionary algorithm, i.e., particle swarm optimizer (PSO), has been modified by expanding its selection process with the proposed solutions. The performance of the extended algorithm is undertaken to study on three benchmarking functions in the presence of uncertainties. The extrinsic evaluation of the proposed algorithm is also performed on the Miller operational amplifier, which is a fundamental part of sensory systems for industry 4.0. Drift due to fabrication process tolerances and aging effects of the transistors is modeled as input uncertainty of the operational amplifier, and imperfect observer (sensor or analog to digital converter) is modeled as output uncertainty. The application confirms the worthiness of proposed uncertainty handling algorithm for industry 4.0.
Begriffe, Ansprüche und deren Wirklichkeiten
Authors: Müller Ulrike A. C.
Published: August 2019

Der Beitrag stellt bestehende empirische Konzepte vor, die sich für die Untersuchung von sogenannter strategischer Prozessführung eignen. Zunächst wird der Begriff der „strategischen Prozessführung“ kritisch auf Abgrenzbarkeit, analytischen Mehrwert und Präzision geprüft und für eine sozialwissenschaftliche Verwendung verworfen. Die politische Verengung auf einzelne Rechts- und Themengebiete muss kritisch reflektiert werden. Das Hineinwirken-Wollen in außer-rechtliche Bereiche ist keine Besonderheit der Sachverhalte, die als strategische Prozessführung bezeichnet werden, sondern ist auch bei alltäglichen Praxen und bei nicht-offenen Strategien gegeben. Neu sind weniger die rechtlichen Handlungsformen, als vielmehr bestimmte, ideell motivierte nicht-staatliche Akteure. Für eine präzisere Begriffsbildung werden zentrale Befunde der Forschung zu cause lawyering vorgestellt, die eine Differenzierung zwischen Präzedenzfallarbeit und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit nahelegen. Weiterhin ist eine Unterscheidung zwischen ideell und kommerziell motivierten Rechtspraxen nötig, um nicht-offene Formen von strategischem Vorgehen zu erfassen. Der Beitrag schließt mit der Forderung nach einer größeren Distanz zum Untersuchungsgegenstand und mit Forschungsfragen, die u. a. die Frage nach Intentionalität sowie nach kommerziellen Rechtspraxen betreffen.
Legal Tech & Dieselgate Digitale Rechtsdienstleister als Akteure der strategischen Prozessführung
Authors: Rehder Britta , Elten Katharina van
Published: August 2019

Die Digitalisierung hat neue Formen der Rechtsmobilisierung hervorgebracht. Anwaltskanzleien und Rechtsdienstleister machen sich zunehmend digitale Instrumente (Legal Technologies) zunutze, die auf eine massenhafte und standardisierte Generierung und Bearbeitung von Widerspruchs- und Gerichtsverfahren abzielen. Auch Interessengruppen nutzen die neuen Formen der Rechtsmobilisierung. Auf diesem Weg werden Klage- und Widerspruchswellen produziert, die koordiniert als Quasi-Sammelklage auch zur strategischen Prozessführung genutzt werden. Die Klagewelle im Gefolge des Dieselgates in der deutschen Automobilindustrie ist dafür ein prominentes Beispiel. Sie hat zu einem regulativen Wandel beigetragen. So wurden sowohl in Deutschland als auch in den EU-Institutionen Reformen angestoßen, die darauf abzielen, die bereits seit längerem diskutierten kollektiven Klagerechte zu stärken. Die Entwicklungen verweisen auch auf die intensiv diskutierte Debatte, ob und in welchem Umfang europäische Rechtssysteme einenEurolegalismin Anlehnung an das amerikanische Modell desAdversarial Legalismherausbilden. Wir argumentieren, dass die durch die Digitalisierung ermöglichten neuen Formen der Rechtsmobilisierung und der strategischen Prozessführung die weitere Transformation der europäischen Rechtssysteme in die Richtung des US-amerikanischen Modells vorantreiben.
A fatal case of severe gastrointestinal and renal involvement in Henoch–Schönlein purpura
Authors: Cardoso Filipa Santos , Navarro Dias David Barrote , Oliveira Mendes Marco Sandro , Ventura Góis Mário Rui , Viana Helena Sousa , Barbosa Nolasco Fernando Eduardo
Published: August 2019

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is an immune-complex mediated vasculitis affecting small vessels with dominant IgA deposits. It is seen mostly in children, with a self-limiting disease, but can present with more severe clinical features in older patients, such as gastrointestinal (GI) involvement, with a propensity for rapid progression. In this report, we describe our experience with a male HSP patient who presented with pneumonia, palpable purpuric rash, severe GI involvement with hemodynamic compromise and acute kidney injury. Even though we escalated therapy over time given the lack of response with each previous strategy, with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, he developed massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage that was not responsive to any supportive measure and died as a result of hemorrhagic shock. There was no established protocol that guided this treatment due to lack of rigorous data, which emphasizes the need for more studies on adult HSP in order to establish the optimal management for HSP patients with severe gastrointestinal manifestations.
Effect of Specimen Cross Section and Notch Radius on the Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Tempered and Quenched AISI 4140 Steel
Authors: Júnior Marcus Vinícius Rezende , Paes Marcelo Torres Piza , Filho Waldek Wladimir Bose , Arencibia Rosenda Valdés , Franco Sinésio Domingues
Published: August 2019

To investigate the effects of the cross section and notch radius of specimens on the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of AISI 4140 steel at different hardness levels, the incremental step loading technique was used. Initially, the effect of the three factors on the fast force fracture strength values was investigated. The study was based on a full factorial design, 2 × 2 × 3, in which the cross section and notch radius factors were investigated on 2 levels and hardness on 3 levels. Tests were performed using two equipment setup configurations. In the first test, a 1-kN load cell was used for standard test specimens with nominal dimensions of 10 × 10 × 60 mm3, and in the second, a load cell of 20 kN was used for nonstandard test specimens with nominal dimensions of 30 × 30 × 200 mm3. The analysis of variance showed that the cross section factor caused statistically significant effects on the SFFS values (the stress related to PFFS), and the hardness and the interaction between the hardness and cross section had statistically significant effects on the hydrogen embrittlement of AISI 4140 steel. When analysis of variance was performed separately for each cross section, it was observed that for specimens with cross sections of 10 × 10 mm2, the notch radius and the hardness factors caused statistically significant effects on the PFFS value, whereas for specimens with 30 × 30 mm2 cross sections, none of the investigated factors had statistically significant effects because of the larger constraint effect at the notch tip. The incremental step loading technique needs fewer specimens to complete the PTH evaluation when applied using larger strain constraint (larger cross section, smaller notch root, and higher hardness).
Variasi Fonologi dan Leksikon Bahasa Jawa di Kabupaten Cilacap (Kajian) Geografi Dialek di Perbatasan Jawa-Sunda
Authors: Afidah Annisa Ul , Mardikantoro Hari Bakti
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini membahas variasi bahasa Jawa di Kabupaten Cilacap pada tataran fonologi dan leksikon. Titik pengamatan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 4 yang merupakan daerah-daerah yang berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Pangandaran, Jawa Barat, yaitu Desa Kedungreja, Kecamatan Kedungreja dan Desa Tambakreja, Kecamatan Kedungreja serta Desa Purwodadi dan Desa Rawaapu, Kecamatan Patimuan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode pupuan lapangan danmetode cakap. Data-data yang telah terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode padan fonetis artikulatoris dan teknik pilah unsur penentu (teknik PUP) dengan teknik lanjutan yaitu teknik HBB dan teknik HBS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan variasi bahasa Jawa Cilacap (BJC) berupa variasi fonologi dan leksikon. Variasi fonologi meliputi variasi bunyi vokal dan konsonan serta korespondensi bunyi vokal dan konsonan. Variasi leksikon meliputi gejalaonomasiologis dan semasiologis. Data variasi fonologi dan leksikon tersebut selanjutnya disajikan dalam peta bahasa. Faktor-faktor geografis wilayah menjadi akibat munculnya variasi bahasa Jawa di Kabupaten Cilacap, khususnya di wilayah perbatasan Jawa-Sunda.

This study discusses the variation of Javanese language in Cilacap Regency at the level of phonology and  lexicon. Observation points in this study amounted to 4 which are areas bordering Pangandaran Regency, West Java, namely Kedungreja Village, Kedungreja District and Tambakreja Village, Kedungreja District and Purwodadi Village and Rawaapu Village, Patimuan District. Data collection uses field methods and proficient methods. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using the phonetic articulatory matching method and the technique of determining the determinants (PUP techniques) with advanced techniques, namely HBB techniques and HBS techniques. The results showed that variations in the Cilacap Javanese language (BJC) were found in variations of phonology and lexicon. Phonological variations include variations of vowel and consonant sounds and correspondence of vowel and consonant sounds. The lexicon variation includes onomasiological and semasiological symptoms. The phonological and lexicon variation data are then presented in the language map. The geographical factors of the region were due to the emergence of variations in Javanese language in Cilacap Regency, especially in the Javanese-Sundanese border region.
Montreal 2008
Authors: Stojanova Christina
Published: August 2019

MORAL TALES FROM THE MONTREAL WORLD FILM FESTIVAL The Competition selection of the 32nd Montreal International Film Festival (21 August – 1 September 2008) featured twenty fiction films, at least one third of which were well-crafted exemplars of mainstream "cinema of quality" in the best sense of the term. In a way, films like Faubourg 36, Farewell Gulsary, Welcome to Farewell-Gutmann, The Necessities of Life, and to a great extent, Theo's Voyage, seek to update or popularize the stylistic or genre traditions they are made in, whether national or international, without shunning from emotions that often venture into the melodramatic and even the sentimental, or from predictable plot twists meant to keep the viewers both on edge and to please their instinct for imitation, and of anticipated reversals and recognition as Aristotle would have it. Beneath and beyond the emotional excess, displayed in these films, "there lies," as...
Celecoxib as a Potential Treatment for Intractable Lymphatic Malformation
Authors: Imamura Mari , Okamoto Yasuhiro , Nishikawa Takuro , Yoneyama Tomohide , Yamasaki Yuichi , Kawamura Junpei , Kawano Yoshifumi
Published: August 2019

Lymphatic malformation (LM) is a congenital disorder resulting from an abnormal development of lymphatic vessels. LM may result in problems of cosmesis and functional impairment, including airway compression. An 11-year-old girl was referred to our department with increasing dysphagia caused by a large left cervical LM with a long history of treatment. Because of the LM location, surgical resection was not an option, and various therapies, including use of picibanil, had proven ineffective. Celecoxib treatment (100 mg/day) was initiated for local pain management. Softening of the lesion was observed 2 weeks after treatment initiation, and the dose was increased to 200 mg/day with additional shrinking of the LM over the next 2 weeks. With parental consent, celecoxib was continued, with a 65% reduction in volume achieved at 6 months. The patient discontinued treatment at 12 months, and the LM volume increased. Control over the LM was achieved with resumption of celecoxib treatment. After 2 years of treatment, the LM persists, but the size of the malformation is significantly smaller. No adverse effects of celecoxib treatment were observed. The anti–cyclooxygenase-2 effect of celecoxib prevented lymphatic vessel growth through an inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 activity in the conversion of prostaglandin to prostaglandin E2. In conclusion, celecoxib may be a promising therapeutic agent for LM management.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) var. Brunca
Authors: Solís-Ramos Laura-Yesenia , Ortiz-Pavón Julio-César , Andrade-Torres Antonio , Porras-Murillo Romano , Brenes-Angulo Arturo , Castaño de la Serna Enrique
Published: August 2019

Common bean is a crop recalcitrant to in vitro regeneration and therefore it lacks an efficient transformation protocol that can be reproduced using A. tumefaciens. The main goal of this study was to establish a protocol for A. tumefaciens mediated transformation of Phaseolus vulgaris var. Brunca by marker genes (gusA and nptII) together with the gene for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (TPS1) used in other species to increase tolerance to abiotic stress. The β-glucuronidase activity was detected in 45 % of the LBA4404 ElectroMAX® pCAMBIA1301 infected explants. Transformed explants regenerated new shoots after four to five months period in a kanamycin rich media. Surviving plants were evaluated by PCR and presented an 0.5 % efficiency of transformation. The established protocol for genetic transformation of common bean has two additional advantages with respect to previous reports: (1) it allows for obtaining transformed regenerants and (2) the genetic transformation was stable for the selective gene.
Fenología de Crescentia alata (Bignoniaceae) en Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Valverde-Rodríguez Kimberly , Morales Carlos-O. , García Elmer-G.
Published: August 2019

Los estudios fenológicos generan información que contribuye con el conocimiento de las relaciones entre especies y componentes abióticos de los ecosistemas, disponibilidad de alimento para animales y regeneración de cobertura boscosa. Crescentia alata es una especie arbórea abundante en el bosque tropical seco (BTs); su importancia ecológica, cultural y económica ha sido ampliamente reconocida y por eso existe interés en reproducir esta especie, pero antes es necesario conocer detalladamente su desarrollo fenológico. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la fenología de C. alata en el BTs de Costa Rica. Se seleccionaron 20 árboles reproductivos en el Parque Nacional Santa Rosa para observar las siguientes fenofases: follaje, floración y fructificación por 14 meses entre 2015 y 2016. Esta especie produjo más follaje en junio, máxima floración en junio y octubre y mayor número de frutos maduros en enero. Los patrones fenológicos en C. alata se relacionaron con factores climáticos comunes, sobre todo precipitación, temperatura y humedad relativa. Los resultados más relevantes de este estudio podrían contribuir a la propagación, el manejo adecuado y la conservación de esta especie
Keys to the Costa Rican species of paper wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)
Authors: Valverde J.-Pablo , Hanson Paul , Carpenter James 
Published: August 2019

Paper wasps (subfamily Polistinae) are one of the four main groups of eusocial insects in the Neotropics. They are medically important for the frequent stings inflicted on humans, but at the same time are valuable predators of pest insects. Nonetheless, there are no updated keys for the identification of the Central American species. Here we provide keys to the 18 genera and 106 species known to occur in Costa Rica, illustrated with one hundred original line drawings.
Reward reactivity and dark flow in slot-machine gambling: “Light” and “dark” routes to enjoyment
Authors: Dixon Mike J. , Gutierrez Jeffrey , Larche Chanel J. , Stange Madison , Graydon Candice , Kruger Tyler B. , Smith Stephen D.
Published: August 2019

Background and aims

Slot machines are a very popular form of gambling. In this study, we look at two different routes to enjoying slots play. One route involves the degree to which players react to rewards. The other route involves what we call dark flow – a pleasurable, but maladaptive state where players become completely engrossed in slots play, providing an escape from the depressing thoughts that characterize their everyday lives.

Methods

One hundred and twenty-nine high-frequency slots players were tested on slot-machine simulators set up in the lobby of a casino. We measured reward reactivity using post-reinforcement pauses (PRPs) and the force with which players pressed the spin button following different slot-machine outcomes. For each player, we calculated the slopes of PRPs and force as a function of credit gains. We also assessed players’ slots game enjoyment and their experience of dark flow, depression, and problem gambling.

Results

Both the PRP and the force measures of reward reactivity were significantly correlated with players’ enjoyment of the slots session, but neither measure was correlated with either problem gambling or depression. Ratings of dark flow were strongly correlated with slots enjoyment (which accounted for far more positive affect variance than the reward reactivity measures) and were correlated with both problem gambling scores and depression.

Discussion and conclusions

Our results suggest that of these two routes to enjoying slot-machine play, the dark flow route is especially problematic. We contend that the dark flow state may be enjoyable because it provides escape from the negative thoughts linked to depression.
Historical distribution data of New Zealand endemic families Callaeidae and Notiomystidae (Aves, Passeriformes)
Authors: Brincalepe Salvador Rodrigo , Tomotani Barbara Mizumo , Miskelly Colin , Waugh Susan M.
Published: August 2019

Callaeidae (wattlebirds) and Notiomystidae (stitchbirds) are New Zealand-endemic sister-taxa; while widespread before human settlement, they subsequently became critically endangered or extinct. Aside from presently managed populations, information about them is scarce and actual specimens even scarcer. Herein, we provide a snapshot of these families’ historical distribution during the critical periods of European settlement and expansion in New Zealand (19th and early-20th centuries), exploring new data and insights resulting from this approach. We include an extensive catalogue of worldwide museum specimens to facilitate future research. We report the last known record/specimen of huia Heteralocha acutirostris (Gould, 1837) and late 19th century specimens of North Island saddleback Philesturnus rufusater (Lesson, 1828) from Cuvier Island that confirm its occurrence there. We failed to find specimens of North Island saddleback and stitchbird Notiomystis cincta (du Bus de Gisignies, 1839) (with one and two exceptions, respectively) from named locations on the mainland.
O culto às ideias em Germán Carrera Damas
Authors: Martins Matheus Amilton
Published: August 2019

A fórmula do “culto a Bolívar”, elaborada por Germán Carrera Damas em seu livro homônimo, é uma das leituras mais usais e originais sobre o passado venezuelano. Nela, a permanência de imagens do herói no cenário político, ao longo da história, é percebida como uma corruptela do percurso histórico que a nação deveria perseguir. A lógica desse argumento deriva diretamente de um embasamento na História das ideias, o que a leva a uma sequência de problemas de ordem interpretativa e metodológica. O intuito do presente trabalho é debater essas complicações, tendo em vista a centralidade do pensamento de Carrera Damas para a escrita da história venezuelana. Sob o escrutínio das críticas que Elias Palti tece à História das ideias na América Latina e dos estudos de linguagens políticas de John Pocock, busca-se, aqui, desconstruir duas percepções da historiografia de Carrera Damas: 1. que o culto a Bolívar esteja implicado no atraso sociopolítico venezuelano; e 2. que esse fenômeno possa ser reduzido a uma ideologia instrumentalizada para dominação social.
Germanic Loyalty in Nineteenth-Century Historical Studies: A Multi-Layered Virtue
Authors: Paul Herman
Published: August 2019

This article seeks to advance historians’ understanding of epistemic virtues in the history of historiography. Drawing on a nineteenth-century case study, it argues that virtues were often multi-layered in the sense of being charged with multiple meanings. Loyalty (Treue) is a case in point: it was, to some extent, an epistemic virtue, but simultaneously also a political virtue with conservative overtones. Loyalty served as a key concept in an idealized image that nationalistic historians and literary scholars held of the ancient Germans. Moreover, as a civic virtue, loyalty was bound up with social codes that obliged students to be loyal to their teachers – which could lead to frictions if these teachers were associated with all too pronounced views of the discipline. On this basis, the article concludes that the phrase “epistemic virtues” should be used with caution. The adjective denotes an epistemic layer of meaning which can be distinguished but never separated from social, moral, and political layers of meaning.
EL DUALISMO CARTESIANO Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA NUEVA MEDICINA A LA LUZ DE SU CORRESPONDENCIA
Authors: Jiménez Alejandro Rojas , Domínguez Pedro J. Chamizo
Published: August 2019

RESUMEN A pesar de que la reducción de R. Descartes de los animales a meras máquinas puede explicarse como una consecuencia lógica de su punto de partida metafísico y gnoseológico, se puede argüir que esta reducción parece muy difícil de defender, puesto que se nos antoja contradictoria con nuestra experiencia cotidiana. Por otra parte, uno de los propósitos de la filosofía de Descartes es la “conservación de la salud”, que puede conseguirse mediante el establecimiento de una medicina “fundada en demostraciones infalibles”. De cara a conseguir tal medicina el primer paso es alcanzar el conocimiento más preciso posible del cuerpo humano a fin de tener éxito en la práctica de la cirugía. De ahí que sea bastante plausible afirmar que la metafísica y la teoría del conocimiento de Descartes no serían sus principales intereses teóricos, sino solamente una explicación y justificación ingeniosas de lo que la ciencia de su tiempo llevaba haciendo no menos de cien años antes de él, así como una inteligente manera de obviar los escrúpulos cuando se anatomizaban cadáveres humanos y animales (vivos). En consecuencia, en este artículo mantendremos que el mecanicismo y dualismo cartesianos son una verdadera filosofía de la ciencia, desde el momento en que ambos estaban dedicados a explicar y justificar lo que la ciencia estaba haciendo en la práctica.
A DIMENSÃO LITERÁRIA DA GENEALOGIA EM FOUCAULT
Authors: Galantin Daniel Verginelli
Published: August 2019

RESUMO Neste artigo propomos estabelecer uma comparação entre escritos de Foucault sobre a literatura, notadamente seu livro “Raymond Roussel”, e textos que se consagraram pela fortuna crítica enquanto fundadores da genealogia, especificamente “Nietzsche, a genealogia e a história”. Organizamos essa comparação em torno da repetição do uso de duas figuras: i) a proliferação de máscaras enquanto processo de desidentificação e ii) uma experiência da finitude com viés não fundacional. Sustentamos que a recorrência da multiplicação das máscaras para apagar o rosto, assim como a íntima relação entre linguagem e morte, a qual se desdobra, no artigo sobre Nietzsche, nos termos do sacrifício genealógico do sujeito de conhecimento, é sinal de que Foucault estaria se apropriando de certos elementos do pensamento literário que lhe interessavam na década de 1960. Contudo, essa segunda apropriação ocorre mediante algumas mudanças, notadamente com sua mudança de solo, de uma reflexão voltada para o ser da linguagem na modernidade, para uma genealogia histórica. Finalmente, esboçamos uma terceira e última apropriação do pensamento literário por meio de seus escritos derradeiros. Trata-se de uma atitude-limite que passa por uma ontologia crítica e histórica de nós mesmos.
SOBRE ARGUMENTOS TÓPICOS DIALÉTICOS E RETÓRICOS NA “CONSOLAÇÃO DA FILOSOFIA”
Authors: Cruz Luana Talita da
Published: August 2019

RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar os tipos de Argumentos Tópicos reconhecidos por Boécio, apontando suas diferenças quanto à disciplina a que pertencem. A partir disso, pretende-se considerar seu uso na “Consolação”, ressaltando que a utilização dessa forma de argumento possui, de acordo com o próprio filósofo, implicações sobre o objetivo do autor ao escrever o texto. Tendo sido sua última obra e escrita tão próxima ao estudo que realizou dos textos sobre os Tópicos, cuja pretensão era de, mais tarde, harmonizar com as demais partes da lógica para fortalecê-la conforme parece propor em ambos os escritos sobre o tema, pareceria pertinente supor que Boécio utilizaria esse tipo de argumento para encontrar as inferências mais adequadas ao seu discurso, dando-lhe força e deixando clara sua intenção por meio da estrutura formal a que recorreu.