bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of S&P 500 companies with captive insurance subsidiaries
Authors: Chang Mu-Sheng , Chen Jiun-Lin
Published: March 2023

This study examines the overall characteristics of large-cap Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500 companies that own captive insurance subsidiaries to manage and fund their retained risks. Understanding why firms choose risk retention over risk transfer is important because it offers an example of how firms make choices for risk management strategies. Using a panel data set from 2000 to 2016, the logistic regression results provide evidence that larger firms are more likely to form a captive insurance company as an alternative method of risk financing. Of relevance to the use of captives is the finding that firms with captives maintain lower cash reserves than their counterparts. This partly reveals the strategic use of capital by the parent company that allocates a portion of internal funds to its captive insurer for operation and coverage. Finally, nonfinancial companies with smaller proportions of intangible assets and capital expenditures are associated with captive utilization. The use of captives is related to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)- listed status, particularly for firms that formed captives before 2000.
De la singularité à l’impersonnel : la constitution d’un actant collectif dans la praxis énonciative
Authors: Fontanille Jacques
Published: March 2023

Le concept de « praxis énonciative » recouvre les opérations et les instances permettant aux usagers d’un système sémiotique de faire appel à d’autres configurations que celles émanant d’un système ou d’une structure virtuelle, et qui sont disponibles, mais sous un autre mode d’existence que ces structures virtuelles. La séquence schématique de ces opérations prévoit la reprise, l’inventivité, la déformation, la rigidification, la singularité. Le statut actantiel de l’opérateur collectif n’est pas évoqué chez Saussure, mais ce dernier insiste sur le rôle de la « masse » des exécutions individuelles, qui donne lieu au concept de « masse parlante », c’est-à-dire, l’actant collectif de la praxis énonciative. Dans la même perspective, la conception greimassienne aboutit à l’hypothèse d’un actant collectif massif et impersonnel. Nous serons notamment conduit à distinguer l’individuel et le singulier, le pluriel et le collectif, dans la caractérisation des actants impliqués dans les manifestations sémiotiques, dans leurs relations avec l’« absence de personne ».
Quizá introducteur d’une percontative (« Quizá cuánto tiempo »):
Authors: Schenk Astrid
Published: March 2023

Dans cet article nous nous intéressons aux emplois de quizá comme introducteur d’une percontative (Quizá cuánto tiempo ‘qui sait combien de temps’), constructions jugées irrecevables dans toutes les aires hispanophones sauf au Chili, où ces emplois sont au contraire massivement attestés depuis le XXe siècle sans pour autant supplanter les emplois traditionnels de la forme en tant qu’adverbe épistémique (‘peut-être’). Depuis le cadre théorique de la linguistique du signifiant et de ses prolongements récents (analyse submorphémique), nous montrerons que le diatopisme chilien, loin de menacer le monosémisme de cet adverbe, n’est la trace ni d’une remotivation historique ni d’une nouvelle étape de grammaticalisation de la forme, mais une exploitation extrême, particulièrement méta-linguistique, d’un signifié unique et invariant qui fonde l’identité de cet adverbe dans le système pan-hispanique.
Variations chronosyntaxiques des structures corrélatives espagnoles. Entre stratégies interlocutives et consolidation d’une construction émergente
Authors: Fortineau-Brémond Chrystelle
Published: March 2023

Cette étude porte sur les variations chronosyntaxiques des structures corrélatives espagnoles (structures en t-…k-… et structures échoïques), i.e. sur les différentes temporalités opératives qui les constituent et sur les conséquences interprétatives qui en découlent. L’analyse de la chronosyntaxe interséquentielle (succession des séquences corrélatives), puis intraséquentielle (place des marqueurs de corrélation au sein des syntagmes) montre que ces deux syntaxes sont en partie liées et qu’elles obéissent à des stratégies interlocutives variées, parfois basées sur des phénomènes d’iconicité. En outre, est développée l’idée que la syntaxe dominante, qui met en relief l’organisation en diptyque et renforce les phénomènes d’écho, favorise l’identification de la structure corrélative et son ancrage dans la mémoire, facilitant ainsi son énonciation/interprétation et l’émergence du sens corrélatif.
La localisation par le mouvement fictif : de la linguistique cognitive à l’approche énactive
Authors: Barnabé Aurélie
Published: March 2023

L’actualisation langagière de la trajectoire a été explorée par plusieurs études (Talmy, 2000a ; Dan I. Slobin, 1996a, 2003, 2004). La présente analyse examine la structuration  langagière d’un chemin que nous désignons ici « chemin de localisation ». Il s’agit d’une trajectoire réalisée par le mouvement fictif d’une entité le long de ce chemin pour révéler sa localisation dans l’espace. Cet itinéraire verbal est observé au travers d’un corpus constitué de 110 occurrences anglaises (p. ex., The road rose through a valley), ayant toutes comme verbe principal « fall » et « rise ». La stabilité conceptuelle et sémantique des chemins de localisation sera exposée en première partie. On s’attachera ensuite à vérifier si la régularité sémantique qui caractérise le chemin à l’étude fait écho à des modèles syntaxiques récurrents. Dans une deuxième partie, une typologie de constructions syntaxiques dudit chemin en exposera les principales tendances constructionnelles. Si le profil sémantico-syntaxique du chemin de localisation a été identifié par les travaux de la linguistique cognitive, notre objectif consiste à compléter l’étude de ce chemin par une approche théorique complémentaire : l’approche énactive. En troisième partie, on examinera les charges lexicale et aspectuelle de « fall » et « rise » par le paradigme énactif pour mettre en exergue la complémentarité de l’approche énactive à celle de la perspective cognitive dans l’analyse du chemin de localisation.
Revisión de la literatura sobre reformas y cambio en los Cuadernos del Instituto Nacional de la Administración Pública, Argentina
Authors: Piana Ricardo Sebastián
Published: March 2023

En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre reformas y cambio de la administración pública en los Cuadernos del Instituto Nacional de la Administración Pública (Cuinap), de Argentina, desde su inicio hasta la actualidad (2020-2021), a partir de la selección de los conceptos representativos de “cultura organizacional”, “innovación”, “gestión del cambio” y “resistencia organizacional”. Frente a la ausencia de políticas gubernamentales claras en la materia, se quiere detectar, en primer lugar, si la temática aparece con fuerza en la academia y, en segundo lugar, las concepciones de los autores. El análisis de contenido se basó inicialmente en la identificación cuantitativa por tema y por autor, para pasar luego a su lectura en profundidad y metódica —como instrumento de recolección de información— para dar cuenta cualitativa de los objetivos de la investigación. A pesar de los propósitos del propio Instituto Nacional de la Administración Pública (INAP) y de la revista, no se detectó, cuantitativamente, un eje fuerte en materia de reformas y cambio. Sin embargo, en las publicaciones detectadas, los conceptos son contestes entre sí.
Plataformas de trabajo bajo demanda y su inserción en la estructura productiva y en el mercado de trabajo: una lectura en Colombia
Authors: Jurado Conde Luz Karime , Bedoya Dorado Cristian , Rodríguez Vallecilla Víctor Manuel
Published: March 2023

En este artículo se analizan las características de las plataformas de trabajo bajo demanda y su relación con la estructura productiva y los mercados de trabajo en Colombia. Para ello, se tomaron como unidad de análisis las apps de transporte y de domicilio que operan en las distintas ciudades del país. El estudio se abordó desde un enfoque cualitativo de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo en el que se trabajó con fuentes de información secundaria. Los resultados permiten evidenciar que este tipo de plataformas propician nuevas formas de trabajo y remplazan otros trabajos tradiciones. Así mismo, las plataformas se han incorporado en el sector terciario, en donde permiten proveer servicios para diferentes tipos de actividades económicas, y en casos como el transporte, ingresan para competir con asociaciones, gremios y empresas legalmente establecidas.
departamento de humanidades como agente de la educación universitaria en el marco del humanismo cristiano
Authors: Rodríguez Ramírez Juan Gabriel , Serna Collazos Víctor Hugo , Kremer Álvarez Julián Andrés , Acevedo Gómez Wilmar de Jesús , Arboleda Hincapie Darío Fernando
Published: March 2023

En este artículo se hace una reflexión sobre la composición de un departamento de Humanidades de una universidad de inspiración católica, se le observa como actor protagónico en las funciones de docencia, investigación y proyección social que buscan enriquecer, potenciar y facilitar el encuentro de la condición humana con uno mismo, con la trascendencia, con los demás y con el mundo. Lo anterior implica que en cuanto a la formación universitaria, el estudiante puede realizarse como ser humano integral, a partir de la experiencia de formación y crecimiento profesional dentro de la universidad; se hace análisis reflexivo y hermenéutico de entrevistas semiestructuradas de proyectos anteriores, los perfiles, experiencias , actividades universitarias y compromisos curriculares, que como resultados permiten la discusión sobre la interdisciplinariedad y la transdisciplinariedad del humanismo cristiano en el contexto universitario.
Economía social de mercado en Colombia: Entre las leyes del Estado y las leyes del mercado
Authors: Banguero Harold
Published: March 2023

Se trata de un libro de 424 páginas, que se agrupan en ocho capítulos, en el cual los autores desarrollan un trabajo de reflexión y crítica alrededor del tema de la economía social. El mismo está escrito como ensayos temáticos independientes, en donde se logran integrar los conceptos básicos de la economía social de mercado, con la intervención y regulación del Estado como un garante de los derechos de la ciudadanía; lo anterior, en un contexto político democrático.
Innovation strategy decision: a discussion of complementary between technological and nontechnological innovations
Authors:   ,   Universidad del Desarrollo, Guzmán Cofré Cristian Marcelo
Published: March 2023

There is an extensive theoretical and empirical discussion regarding the linear relationship between R&D expenditure and innovation. However, the innovationdecision is not dichotomous since it implies the choice of a combination of technological and non-technological innovation options. Similarly, not only does internal R&D spending allow firms to innovate, but so-called non-R&D activities also allow firms to develop innovations. In this thesis we analyze two theoretical currents found in the innovation literature, innovation strategy and innovation complementarity, to discuss and show which of them allows us to better explain the innovation-decision of firms. We also analyze the effect that internal and external characteristics of firms have on their preferences for the types of R&D and non-R&D activities for the development of innovations
Lo que el COVID-19 nos dejó, reflexiones académicas para entender la sociedad después de la pandemia
Authors: Sabogal Murcia Leonardo , Ocampo Macías Cristian David , Bradbury Valentina , Isáziga David Carlos Hernán , Concha Ávila Victoria E.
Published: March 2023

En este libro presentamos, a través de cuatro escenarios, las reflexiones de un grupo de profesores que participaron en la Convocatoria que permitió la publicación de esta obra, la cual tiene como objetivo brindar un espacio analítico en torno al Covid-19. Asunto que, si bien hemos podido superar gradualmente como sociedad, ha dejado efectos que permiten arriesgar interpretaciones valiosas y que deseamos compartir en un tono agradable, metódico y documentado, que se aleje de la presión que generó escribir en medio de la crisis.
Crisis democrática y pandemia en Colombia
Authors: Sabogal Murcia Leonardo , Ocampo Macías , Cristian David
Published: March 2023

La pandemia originada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) sumada a los recientes estallidos sociales en Ecuador1, Chile2 y Colombia3 han desatado una serie de reflexiones sobre la arquitectura del tipo de sociedad, economía4 y sistema de gobierno que podrían aparecer una vez que –en palabras coloquiales– se aquiete la marea.
Manifestações oculares em recém-nascidos expostos ao Zika vírus: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Sarmento Jefferson Pereira , Coelho Ricardo Lourenço , Cavalcante Almi Soares , Sarmento Thaise de Abreu Brasileiro
Published: March 2023

O Zika vírus pertence ao gênero Flavivírus e é transmitido aos seres humanos, principalmente pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti. A infecção geralmente é assintomática, mas pode se manifestar com graves repercussões em recém-nascidos que tiveram contato com a cepa viral durante o período gestacional. O conjunto de características clínicas apresentadas pelas crianças recebeu a denominação de Síndrome Congênita do Zika, em que a microcefalia e alterações visuais são bastantes comuns. Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar na literatura os danos causados nos órgãos da visão humana em crianças expostas ao Zika vírus durante o período gestacional e estabelecer a relação patogênica dessa síndrome. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada na Biblioteca Nacional em Saúde (BVS), na National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e na Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciElo), utilizando os descritores: Infecção por Zika vírus, Oftalmopatias, Anormalidades Congênitas e os seus correlatos em inglês. Foram eleitos 13 artigos para essa revisão. A hipoplasia do segundo par de nervos cranianos, atrofia coriorretiana, cicatrizes na mácula, coloboma da íris, catarata congênita, glaucoma e microftalmia estão entre as lesões oculares mais prevalentes na Síndrome Congênita do Zika. A despeito desse nexo ainda é possível inferir que quando a infecção ocorre na primeira metade do período gestacional o risco se torna maior.
Crime by outlaw motorcycle gang members during club conflicts
Authors: Cubitt Timothy , Dowling Christopher , Morgan Anthony
Published: March 2023

This study examines the trends in and spatial distribution of recorded offending by Australian outlaw motorcycle gang (OMCG) affiliates at the onset of a territorial conflict between two clubs in the state of New South Wales. Results show an increase in recorded offending by OMCG affiliates involved in the conflict and based in the disputed territory. Comparable increases in recorded offending by these clubs were not detected in the areas surrounding this territory or in the rest of New South Wales, and there was little mobility into the conflict region by those outside of it. There was a smaller, short-lived increase in recorded crime by affiliates of other gangs in the conflict region but not elsewhere. In short, changes in offending patterns were largely limited to the clubs involved in the conflict and localised to the territory in dispute. This research can help guide focused law enforcement responses during periods of gang conflict.
The Gender Perception Towards the Future during the Pandemic
Authors: Dambrosio Gabriella , Sonzogni Barbara
Published: March 2023

The aim of this paper is to explore the consequences resulting from global emergencies cases, such as the current Covid-19 pandemic, focusing on the perceptions toward the future in a gender perspective. To this end, the analysis investigates results obtained from a web-survey, conducted in 2021, whose target group is characterized by all the Sapienza University of Rome students’ that, during the last three years, have spent an academic mobility period outside Italy or inside Rome. The results obtained show how, generally, women have a more pessimistic view of the present and post pandemic with more clear implications on the emotional relationships and the working life; on the other side, men seem to be more optimistic about the imminent end of the pandemic, believing that Covid-19 period helped them in managing their time and in strengthening the relationship with own family members. This gender perspective is also confirmed by a comparison on the prevailing attitudes and feelings that people declared they experienced during the 2020 pandemic period with respect to the perception of the near future: more in detail, women claim to be more demoralized, depressed and nervous than men that, on the contrary, define themselves proactive and confident.
Serum Magnesium Level in Protein-Energy Malnourished Children
Authors: Ikhlaq Warisha , Khalid Adeel , Kamran Amber , Rafique Muhammad , Nasir Sharmeen , Sangi Rumana
Published: March 2023

Background: Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is mainly due to inadequate intake of food both in quantity and quality. Serum magnesium level can be detected to identify magnesium deficiency in malnourished children. Low magnesium level in these children is associated with illness and death. Objective: To determine the serum magnesium level in protein energy malnourished children who are under the age of 5 years. Study Design: Prospective Cross Sectional study. Setting: The Pediatric department, civil hospital, Karachi. Study period: From July to December 2021. Material and Methods: Total 245 patients of both genders with moderate and severe malnutrition were included. Venous samples were sent to laboratory and a centrifuge machine was used to separate the serum, which was maintained at a temperature of 20°C for serum magnesium test. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to measure serum magnesium levels. Descriptive statistics were applied. Frequency and percentage was calculated. Stratification was done using chi square test and p-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Total 156 male and 89 female patients were included in the study. Mean age was 26.63±15.17 months. Mean duration of malnutrition was 11.74±4.86 months. Mean mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) was 11.66±0.76 cm. Serum magnesium level was 1.78±0.22 mg/dl. Overall 180 (73.5%) have moderate PEM. Conclusion: Study showed low serum concentration of magnesium in children with PEM. Keywords: Serum Magnesium Level, Protein Energy Malnutrition, Children Under 5 Years.
Ventilator Associated Pneunomia in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Occurrence and Risk Factors
Authors: Ahmed Fayaz , Iqbal Javaid , Ahmed Khalil , Hussain Faraz , Jabbar Hassan , Ariff Shabina
Published: March 2023

Objectives: To examine the occurrence of pneumonia linked with a ventilator in the neonatal intensive care unit and to determine the related risk factors. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Aga Khan University hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 Methodology: This study includes a total of 70 participants admitted in neonatal intensive care unit. All the patients were put under the ventilator for more than 2 days. At the time of admission, the X-ray of the chest was performed, and it was also performed every day. When certain organisms were present on the tracheal aspirate, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was diagnosed. After 2 days of ventilation, microbial analysis and gram staining were done for tracheal aspirates. They were later examined to determine the occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia and what are the risk factors linked with it. A Chi-square test and t-test were conducted to examine all the data. A confidence level of 0.05 was set. Results: Pneumonia associated with the ventilator occurred in 31.4% of the participants where a large number had developed it between 4-14 days after intubation. There were certain risk factors that were determined in our research. They include the use of H2 blockers, invasive lines, low PaO2/FiO2, and re-intubation. There were two things (use of steroids and enteral feeding through nasogastric) that were not linked with the occurrence of this pneumonia. The patients who were in the group of ventilator-associated pneumonia were having a longer time period of stay and mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: The occurrence of pneumonia associated with ventilators is high. Those patients who were having above mentioned risk factors should require pay special attention towards prevention. Keywords: pneumonia, ventilators, ventilator associated pneumonia, neonatal intensive care unit
Outcomes of Open Versus Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer in the Emergency Setting
Authors: Kumari Barkha , Aslam Talha , Tafheem Malik Muhammad Hamdan , Ashraf Muhammad Nauman , Baig Aftab Ahmad , Uddin Sardar Muhammad Naseer
Published: March 2023

Aim: The study aim is to do the comparison of oncological and short-term results of open and laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in emergency setting. Study Design: This retrospective cohort research was held in the Department of Surgery, Civil Hospital, Karachi and Sheikh Zayed Medical College/ Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan for two-years duration from January 2020 to December 2021. Patients and Methods: after approval of this study and an informed consent agreement was signed by each participant. We performed an emergency analysis on 55 consecutive patients who received emergency open (n=40) or laparoscopic (n=15) resection for colorectal cancer. Results: The gender, age, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, tumor location and prior abdominal surgery history were not significantly different between the laparoscopic and open groups. The T4 pathological tumors were more frequent in the open surgery group (50% vs. 13.3%; p=0.031) than in the laparoscopic group. The open surgery group also experienced high proportion of perforation (42.5% vs. 33.3%) and obstruction (47.5% vs. 26.7%) cases. In the laparoscopic group, bleeding or anemia were much common (33.3% vs. 7.5%; p=0.032). The laparoscopic group did not experience any open conversions. The open surgery group had a high pervasiveness of Hartmann's surgery (35%), whereas the laparoscopic group had high pervasiveness of low anterior resection (26.7%; p=0.064). The complication ration at 30-days for laparoscopy (37.5%) and open surgery (33.3%) was comparable (p=0.900). Conclusions: In some individuals with colorectal cancer, emergency laparoscopic surgery has advantages in relation of short-term and oncologic outcomes. As a result, skilled laparoscopic surgeons may actively consider using laparoscopy in life-threatening situations. Keywords: Laparoscopy, colorectal cancer, and emergency.
Comparison and Analytical Impact of Various Methods of Contraception on Liver Profile of Females of Sindh Province
Authors: Shah Hanozia , Warsi Jamshed , Laghari Zulfiqar
Published: March 2023

Objective: To Compare and Analyze the impact of different methods of contraception on liver Profile of females of Sindh province. Study setting: This is a comparative cross-sectional study that was done at Liaquat university of medical and health sciences Jamshoro, at center 'A' of reproductive health services. Methodology: 300 participants from Hyderabad Sindh were selected. Females aged 20 to 40 years and those on an individual method of contraception were selected.300 females were selected for this study. Among them, 138 ( 46.0%) were residents of rural Sindh whereas162(54.0%) belonged tour ban Sindh. Consent from participants both verbal and written was taken. A structured questionnaire was filled out for demographic characteristics following detailed history. Blood Sampling was done for liver function test. Results: The results showed that present users of contraceptives generally had significantly greater liver parameters biliru bin, gamma GT, SGPT, and Alkaline phosphates compared to non-users ( p-value= <0.05). Bilirubin level was considerably greater among women who were using the contraceptive methods DMPA injection (0.72±0.24), Jadelle (0.54±0.26), IUCD (0.44±0.18) than the corresponding values for nonusers (0.43±0.194) [control 0.43±0.194 vs DMPA injection(0.72±0.24)vsJadelle(0.54±0.26)vsIUCD(0.44±0.18),P-value=<0.05)]. Gama GT level was considerably greater among women who were using the contraceptive methods Jadelle (20.36±11.97), Oral (14.00±3.2) than the corresponding values for non users (15.42±7.36)[control 15.42±7.36 Jadelle (20.36±11.97) vs Oral (14.00±3.2) Oral (14.00±3.2) P-value = <0.05)]. SGPT level was considerably greater among women who were using the contraceptive methods DMPA injection (32.68±18.37), Jadelle (31.34±14.13), IUCD (29.66±14.62), Tubal ligation (18.00±0.00) than the corresponding values for nonusers (25.39±14.59) [control25.39±14.59 vs injection (32.68±18.37) vs Jadelle (31.34±14.13) vs IUCD (29.66±14.62), Tubal ligation (18.00±0.00) P-value = < 0.05)]. Alkaline Phosphatase level was considerably greater among women who were using the contraceptive methods DMPA injection (114.65±48.19),Jadelle (99.28±38.076),IUCD(101.74±42.23)Oral(78.89±21.70)TubalLigation(62.50±2.12)Condom (94.62±25.67) than the corresponding values for nonusers (131.51±59.04) [control131.51±59.04 vs DMPA injection (114.65±48.19) vs Jadelle (99.28±38.076) vs IUCD(101.74±42.23),Oral(78.89±21.70)Tuballigation (62.50±2.12)Condom(94.62±25.67)P-value= < 0.05)]. Conclusion: The impact on the liver of different contraceptive methods was compared and analyzed in the population of Sindh. Keywords: DMPA (depot- medroxy progester one acetate), Implant, Oral Pills, IUCD (intrauterine contraceptive device), tuballigation.
The Frequency of Major and Minor Amputations in Patients with Diabetic Foot
Authors: Muhammad Gul , Ahmed Iftikhar , Kandan Adeel Ur Rehman , Bacha Muhammad Faisal , Bangash Wajeed Gul , Noaman Muhammad , , Mahmood Shahid
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Diabetic foot (DF) is the main cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations. Major and minor amputations in diabetic foot disease are benchmark indicators of natural history and prognosis of disease. This study will help to prevent DF complications and improve care of diabetes foot. Objectives: To determine the frequency of major and minor amputations and the factors responsible for patients with diabetic foot coming in surgical OPD. Methods: All the patients who presented in hospital with diabetic foot ulcer were included in this study from 01-11-2019 to 30-10-2020. One hundred and forty patients of either gender with age between 20 to 80 years with diabetic foot ulcers of any grade were enrolled in the study. Frequency of minor and major amputations was measured. Results: Out of three hundred and twenty patients, 16.4% (n=69/320) patients underwent lower limb amputations. Minor amputations were made in 12.1% (n=51/320) and major were made in 4.3% (n=18) of patients. Frequency of amputations was significantly higher in older age groups (61-80 years), patients with longer disease duration (>10 years), with poor glycemic control (HBA1-C>8.0) and patients with higher grades of ulcers (grades III and IV) (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed among gender, different education and occupation groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: A significant percentage of patients with diabetic foot ulcers underwent lower limb amputations, which was significantly associated with older age, longer disease duration, poor glycemic control and higher grades of ulcers. Keywords: Diabetic foot, Lower limb amputation, diabetic ulcers.
Functional Outcome of Surgical Management of Trimalleolar Fractures
Authors: Anwar Rizwan , Tanveer Omer Farooq , Haider Tanveer , Hannan Muhammad Abdul , Cheema Muneeb Ur Rehman
Published: March 2023

Background: Trimalleolar fracture is very hamstring if it not maintained accurately. It is one of the pitiful condition. Trimalleolar ankle injuries have become more common in the last decade, with up to 40 per 100,000 people affected each year. Study design: It is a prospective study conducted for the duration of six months from February 2022 to July 2022 at Islam teaching hospital, Sialkot. Material and Methods: The study was carried out on 52 patients who were admitted in tertiary care unit during a period of one year. All the patients were following inclusion criteria, those who were unable to fulfill were excluded from the study. There were 36 males and 16 females taken for study. 30 patients had injury in the right side and 18 reported left side injury. The hospital review board committee give the approval to the study. The data was collected and statistically analyzed by using the renowned software SPSS. The result were presented in the form of table. Results: The injury pattern that was frequently observed in patients was supination external rotation reported in 40 patients. While 8 had pronation external rotation and 4 had to face supination adduction pattern. There were 4 cases that complaint about superficial infection and deep infection was observed in case of 2 patients. Conclusion: It is concluded that for the fixation of Trimalleolar fractures, there is a need for proper planning and reduction of lateral malleolus fractures by a lateral plating method. Keywords: ankle fracture, operative planning and Posterior malleolus fracture.
Resurgence of Ebola Virus: Transmission, Pathogenesis, Prevention and Cure
Authors: Aljowaie Reem M.
Published: March 2023

Ebola virus (EBOV) disease is a zoonotic disease that is caused by four species of genus Ebolavirus. The EBOV disease has outbreaks (1976-2022) in West and Central African countries, high mortality rate has made it a public health concern. EBOV is a filamentous virus having negative stranded and non-segmented RNA. The EBOV genome has the unique capability of forming soluble glycoprotein. Since its first emergence in human history, several effective therapeutics and vaccines are developed. These vaccines include replicative or non-replicative vectored vaccines, DNA vaccines and monovalent or polyepitopic vaccines. This article reviewed the structure of EBOV and pathophysiology as well as the immune response of EBOV infection. In addition to diagnosis and vaccinations available to cure EBOV at acute and chronic stages. Keywords: Zoonotic disease, Filovirus, Soluble glycoprotein, DNA vaccines, Polyepitopic, Vectored vaccines, Pathophysiology, Immune response
Association of Symphyseal Morphology with Lower Incisor Inclination in Sagittal and Vertical Growth Patterns
Authors: Shaikh Waheed Gul , Khawar Nosheen , Devi Asha , Sajjad Batool , Omer Syed Ahmed , Azfar Marium
Published: March 2023

Background: The mandibular symphysis is the bodily carnal part of the mandible that consist of alveolar and cortical bones. The mandibular symphysis has different parts like chin, or mentum that consist of unique features of modern humans. Objective: The study aimed to explore the correlation of lower incisor inclination growth pattern with the symphyseal morphology. Study design: It is a retrospective study conducted at Orthodontic Department, Shahida Islam Dental College, Lodhran and Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi for the duration of six months from February 2022 to July 2022. Material and Methods: The correlation between all parameters was studied by ANOVA and other statistical analysis were also performed. The study approval was taken from the review board and ethical committee of the hospital. A total of 18 patients participated in this study. The patients were classified according to the facial category i.e. long, normal, and short. Class I comprises 8 patients and class III comprises 10 patients. Results: An increased value was observed in the case of class I with vertical growth patterns while the value decreased in the case of class III. Three different types of incisor inclinations were observed that is over jet positive, over jet negative, and edge to edge. Conclusion: From this study, it is predicted that a correlation exists between vertical growth patterns and sagittal growth patterns for the inclination in incisors. The height and width of the symphysis and facial patterns are also related to vertical growth patterns and indirectly affect the inclination of incisors. High angle facials have thin and long symphysis, while low angle facials have thick and short symphysis. Keywords: short symphysis, soft tissue and growth dimension.
Workplace Challenges and Violence against Nurses: Subject Review
Authors: Saad Waleed Ibrahim , Kumait Abid Salih , Younis Nasir Muwfaq
Published: March 2023

The "World Health Organization (WHO) defines workplace violence as, Incidents where staff are abused, threatened, or assaulted in circumstances related to their work, including commuting to and from work, involving an explicit or implicit challenge to their safety, well-being, or health." (WV) is listed as one of the world's leading causes of workplace disability, and is widespread in health settings in Arab countries and Iraq as well. Nursing staff have the highest recorded incidence of interpersonal violence in Iraq, posing a major concern for healthcare professionals. Different researchers concentrate on prevalence rates of violence against nurses in hospitals, addressing forms of violence, position and background of violence in the workplace. Thus, some form of occupational violence has been encountered by most Iraqi nurses,that may contribute to harm and abuse and reduced job performance. Reports have described the impact of violence in the workplace on the employee satisfaction of nurses and patient safety, but few studies have been done about whether aggression in the workplace influences patient safety via employee satisfaction. Ultimately, abuse against nurses is perceived by the nursing community to be a dynamic and chronic workplace risk. In the health care sector, nurses are among the most abused staff. Nurses are too often subject to abuse, primarily from clients, relatives of patients, visitors and caregivers team. The purpose of this article is to review the violence against nurses and challenges work place.
An Evaluation of Complications of Ultrasound Guided Percutaneous Nephrostomy in Cases of Obstructive Uropathy
Authors: Haris Muhammad Saddiq , Rasheed Abdur , Hussain Syed Atif , Islam Farhat
Published: March 2023

Objective: To evaluate the complications of ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrostomy in cases of obstructive uropathy at tertiary care hospital. Study design: Case series Duration of study: From February 2022 to August 2022. Setting: Department of Urology, Sheikh Zaid Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Material and methods: Total 133 patients having age between 20-40 years either gender with obstructive uropathy due to ureteric obstruction caused by (impacted ureteric stones, PUJ obstruction, carcinoma prostate involving ureters, iatrogenic ureteric injury and bladder tumors) were included in the study and post procedure complications were evaluated. Results: Mean age was 44.83 ± 13.05 years. Regarding presenting symptoms, total 94 (71%) patients had decreased urine amount, 29 (22%) patients had flank pain while 10 (7%) patients had fever. Septicemia was found in 11 (8.33%) patients, bleeding in 4 (3%) patients followed by PCN dislodgement in 8 (6%) patients. Conclusion: Results of this study revealed that septicemia was the most common complication in cases of obstructive uropathy after PCN. More than 50% patients were between 41-60 years. Male population was commonly suffered from obstructive uropathy. Most of the patients had bilateral obstructive uropathy and decreased urine output was common presenting symptom. Keywords: PCN, obstructive uropathy, nephrostomy, bleeding, blockage
Frequency of Measles Related Complications in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Ullah Farid , Muhammad Taj , Ullah Farman , Naz Rida , Khan Bashir , Qazi Shaista
Published: March 2023

Background: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection, highly prevalent in children, clinically associated with complications of nervous, respiratory and digestive systems, with significant morbidity and mortality rate in the developing countries. Objectives: The study was aimed to determine the frequency of measles-related complications in hospitalized children. Methods: The study was conducted in tertiary care hospital of District Dera Ismail Khan, from February 2022 to November 2022, including 212 children affected with measles. Results: Most of the affected children (p<0.05) were infants of age group less than 2 years (45.28%), and males (63.67%) were at higher risk (p<0.05) as compared to the females (36.32%). Significantly higher proportion (p<0.05) of rural kids were affected with measles (58.96%) than urban. Most of the affected children (p<0.05) were not immunized (93.86%; 199/212), and the disease was significantly associated (p<0.05) with the nutritional, socioeconomic, immunization status of the patients. Different complications like pneumonia (31.13%), gastroenteritis (19.33%), conjunctivitis (17.45%), otitis media (7.07%) and encephalitis (2.35%), while 22.64% (42/212) were also observed and six of the 212 patients died of the infection. Conclusion: A huge proportion of patients contracted the disease due to the absence of vaccination measures and the disease was associated fatal secondary complications. Therefore, the government must encourage immunization against this extremely contagious but preventable infection in the children. Keywords: Complications; Encephalitis; Immunization; Measles; Pneumonia.
Knowledge, Risk Perceptions and Preventive Behaviors Regarding to COVID-19 Pandemic in General Population of Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Jamali Yasir Akbar , Soomro Saman , Kumar Ashok , Soomro Paras , Shah Hanozia , Khuhro Ali Bux , Ahmed Shakil
Published: March 2023

Aim: The purpose of this research was to evaluate how Pakistanis feel about and understand COVID-19 Methods: To conduct the cross-sectional survey, we used Google forms to digitize a questionnaire with 17 items, which we then sent to a sample of the general population. Results: There was a total of 615 questionnaires collected from residents of Sindh Province. Most people 75.1% believe that the disease is spread through direct contact with an infected person or through inhaling air droplets expelled by a sick person while they sneeze or cough. When asked how they had avoided contracting COVID-19 over the preceding 14 days, the vast majority, 39.4%, reported consistently washing and sanitizing their hands. Other steps include not shaking hands with people 33.0% and staying at least one meter away from them (24.9%), not letting people share utensils at meals 38.1%, and masking their faces even when they don't feel sick 28.8%. Additionally, 56.1% of the respondents admitted that they had not taken any special precautions to protect themselves. It is duty of every citizen to obey the government’s steps to avoid from COVID-19. Conclusion: In general, the people who took part knew a lot about the disease and felt good about taking precautions. The government and the public are taking effective steps to stop the spread of disease, but there is still a need for more awareness campaigns and knowledge of safe ways to stop the spread of disease. Keywords: SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19, Sindh, pandemic, epidemic
Effect on Pulmonary Atery Presssres after Transcatheter Occlusion of Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Severe Pulmonary Artery Hypertension
Authors: . Aurangzeb , Sheikh Abdul Sattar , Khan Muhammad Asif , Bux Hussain , Kumara Veena , Sathio Shah Nawaz
Published: March 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to ascertain how the patent ductus arteriosus will respond to trans catheter closure on the pulmonary artery pressure. Methods: All patients having clinical and echocardiographic evidence of hemodynamically significant isolated PDA and patients with PASP > 20 mmHg will be labelled as PDA with PAH, while patients with mean PASP > 60 mmHg will be labelled as PDA with severe PAH. These patients were all included in the research. Both pulmonary artery pressure measurements and echocardiography were done. Once the patient has been assessed, the viability of a transcatheter closure PDA has been confirmed. Results: The Mean age of the patients were 10.6±8.18 years. Out 40 participants 35% were males and 65% were females. A significant variation (p=0.003) in MPA pressure was observed in patients after balloon occlusion. A significant variation in RV higher (0.007) and lower (0.003) pressure was observed in patients after balloon occlusion. A significant variation (p=0.005) in LV Higher pressure was observed in patients after balloon occlusion. A significant variation (p=0.003) in higher Aorta pressure was observed in patients after balloon occlusion. Conclusion: After PDA closure, some individuals with borderline hemodynamic data with PDA and PAH may get worse or continue to have PAH. Care must be taken while providing these individuals with permanent closure.
Outcome of Corticosteroid Injection in Reducing the Intensity of Pain in Patients with Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Ali Waqas , Kaleem Arif , Nadeem Zohaib , Moazzam Aqeel , Ahmad Nisar , Ahmad Imran , Aziz Abdul
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain, accounting for about one million patient visits per year in the United States. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the outcome of corticosteroid injection in reducing the intensity of pain in patients with plantar fasciitis. Material and methods: This descriptive study was conducted in CMH Kharian during March 2022 to September 2022. Data was collected with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. All the data related to physical examination, BMI, age, history of diseases and socioeconomic status were collected. The injections were applied to all patients who included unilateral foot symptoms and didn't respond to conservative treatment for at least six months. Results: Data was collected from 100 patients. Most of the cases were males 63 (63.3%) and rest 36 (36.7%) were females. Age with mean standard deviation was 38.15±10.26 years and had body mass index 23.11±13.51 kg/m2. Practical implication: This study will help us to treat the plantar fasciitis treated with single injection of corticosteroid injection resulted in significant pain reduction. Conclusion: It is concluded that plantar fasciitis treated with single injection of corticosteroid injection resulted in significant pain reduction in our patients. We recommend steroid injection in patients who are refractory to 6 weeks anti-inflammatory drugs and physiotherapy treatment. Keywords: Pain, Reduction, Injection, Corticosteroid, Significant, Treated
The Phantasmatic Dimension of Culture Wars: The Case of Social Conservatism
Authors: Uzlaner Dmitry
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to identifying and describing the phantasmic dimension of the culture wars, in particular the phantasmic dimension of one side of this confrontation—social conservatism. The notion of “phantasm” is used on the basis of the Lacanian tradition of social and political theory. A phantasm is understood as stereotypical, repetitive images or visions that structure the position of “culture warriors” and are the foundation on which other levels (rational, legal, etc.) are superimposed. Conservative phantasms are actualized at the moment when society undergoes a process of radical transformation, which breaks the usual systems of differentiation; it is this process that triggers culture wars. Empirical material to illustrate these ideas is the case of Russian social conservatism.
The Comparative Economics of Neo-Illiberalism
Authors: Csaba László
Published: March 2023

This essay aims to provide an explicitly economistic explanation for the astonishing spread of economic illiberalism in the twenty-first century. Given that the twentieth century was largely a period of economic planning of various sorts, which ended in conspicuous failure, the revival of statism and micro-management of economic affairs in many—if not most—parts of the globe cries out for explanation. The paper explores why and how this trend has re-emerged and solidified in a large number of countries, their diverse factor endowments, historical legacies, cultural backgrounds, and political institutions notwithstanding. The trend has ideational as well as materialistic roots.
e-QA NGS: a user-friendly tool to preprocessing data from next generation sequencing
Authors: Gaia Antonio Sérgio Cruz , De Oliveira Mônica Silva , Moia Gislenne da Silva , Dos Santos Victória Cardoso , Alves Jorianne Thyeska Castro , De Sá Pablo Henrique Caracciolo Gomes , Veras Adonney Allan de Oliveira
Published: March 2023

In the last decade, sequencing platforms have provided advances in the research developed in various omics sciences, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and metagenomics, among others. On the other hand, these platforms still face challenges, in particular the low quality of the bases at the end of the reads, which can hinder future analyses, such as the assembly process. Making it necessary to pre-process these reads where various strategies are used, such as removing low-quality bases and applying a quality filter. There are numerous software programs to help with these tasks. However, most of them execute from long and complex command lines, running on the Linux operating system, which makes it difficult for users without deep computer knowledge. This study presents e-QA NGS (http://biod.ufpa.br/eqa/), a user-friendly web tool that contributes directly to reducing the complexity of pre-processing raw reads from the sequencing process, eliminating the need for the user to install dependencies, running complex command lines, or even have a deep knowledge in the computing area.
The Honest Truth
Authors:   Character Lab, Jayawickreme Eranda
Published: March 2023

Let’s start with the basics. Why is honesty so important? For thousands of years, honesty has been held up as a really important character trait by different philosophical traditions, religious traditions, across multiple cultures. A second, more practical, reason for caring about honesty is that if we want to get things done in the world, we need to form trusting relationships. People need to be able to take what we say at face value. And that has implications for forming good partnerships and marriages and being an active and successful participant in social life. So there are real consequences to being honest or dishonest.
APLICAÇÃO DA FERRAMENTA FMEA EM UMA PEQUENA EMPRESA
Authors: Aoki Fabio Toshio , Saes Elizangela Veloso
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho consiste na aplicação de uma ferramenta da qualidade, em uma pequena empresa, em que se fez necessário uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as PME’s – Pequenas e Médias Empresas, de forma a apresentar as singularidades e características específicas dessas empresas, aqui tratadas como especificidades. A partir disso, por meio de uma pesquisa-ação, aplicou-se o FMEA – Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, de forma a garantir a mitigação de falhas de processo na empresa estudada. Acerca das dificuldades, destaca-se a disponibilidade dos funcionários para coleta de dados, uma vez que os mesmos se encontravam realizando suas tarefas de atendimento ao cliente. O principal resultado alcançado foi proporcionar uma visão detalhada dos processos e suas respectivas oportunidades de melhoria. Este estudo permite unir dois temas, PME’s e FMEA, permitindo avanços nos estudos acadêmicos e práticos, uma vez que, a narrativa sobre esse estudo possibilita a replicação da ferramenta em outras empresas.