bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proximal fibular osteotomy for pain relief and functional improvement in patients of osteoarthritis of knee
Authors: Rai Anil Kumar , Saurabh Anand , Shekhar Shubhanshu , Kunwar Abhijeet , Verma Vishal
Published: June 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of proximal fibular osteotomy in relieving pain and functional improvement in patients of osteoarthritis knee.Methods: We selected 38 patients with KOA, out of which 30 patients gave written informed consent and underwent proximal fibular osteotomy. The median time of follow-up was 13.3 months. Preoperative and postoperative weight-bearing and whole lower extremity radiographs were obtained to analyse the alignment of the lower extremity (tibio-femoral angle) and ratio of the knee joint space (medial/lateral compartment). Assessment of knee pain was done using a visual analogue scale, and knee functional activities were evaluated using the American Knee Society score (KSS 1 and 2) preoperatively and postoperatively.Results: Pain relief was observed in almost all patients after proximal fibular osteotomy. Weight-bearing lower extremity radiographs showed significant change in tibio-femoral angle an average increase in the postoperative medial knee joint space. Additionally, obvious change in alignment was observed in the whole lower extremity radiographs in 24 out of 30 patients. In three patients tibio-femoral angle showed progressive more varus alignment after proximal fibulectomy.Conclusions: In short-term study, proximal fibular osteotomy provides pain relief and functional wellbeing to the patients of KOA.
A prospective clinical study of fistula in ano: comparing different treatment modalities in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: G. S. R. Hareesh , Nenavath Siva Prasad Naik
Published: June 2019

Background: Fistula in ano is one of the common anorectal condition, which is easy to diagnose but difficult to manage because of post-operative complications like incontinence and recurrence. Also numerous procedures have been described for its treatment so as to individualize treatment options.The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of different treatment modalities in fistula in ano.Methods: This is a prospective study carried out in a tertiary medical college hospital where 75 patients with fistula in ano are analysed for clinical features and surgical modalities compared.Results: Total 75 patients are studied. 82.70% patients presented with discharge in perianal region. Posterior fistulas are seen in 93.30% and anterior in 6.70% patients. 94.70% patients have low level fistula, 84% patients had simple fistula & 16% had complex fistula. 49.30% patients were treated with fistulectomy. 36.0% have undergone fistulotomy. 8.0% had LIFT and 6.7% had SETON. Recurrence is seen in 6.70% of patients.70.70% patients have stayed 4-6 days.Conclusions: Most of the fistulas are simple, posterior and low level fistulas. Fistulectomy is the most common procedure performed. Newer procedures like LIFT and Seton application show promising results with less complications.
Clinical study of the patients undergoing stoma reversal in a tertiary care centre: a retrospective study from a developing country
Authors: Yadav Pranav , Kushwaha Jitendra , Anand Akshay , Sonkar Abhinav Arun , Yadav Premlata
Published: June 2019

Background: Word “stoma” comes from the Greek word meaning mouth or opening. Fashioning of stoma is commonly one of the components of surgical interventions on the small and large bowel surgeries. Indications of stoma formation in India are different from the western world. Loop ileostomy is relatively superior. This study was done to study the pre and post take down complications of stoma.Methods: This retrospective, longitudinal, observational study was done on the patients admitted between February and December 2018, in the Department of Surgery (General), King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, UP. The data from e- Hospital software system and operative records were collected and was analysed using SPSS software. All the adult patients having age more than 15 year were included in the study. Blunt trauma abdomen was excluded from this study.Results: Out of total 196 patients male to female were in a ratio of 2:1. Most common diagnosis at the time of stoma creation was ileal perforation 52%. Most common site (42%) of stomas were done at a distance of approximately 12 inches from the ileocaecal junction. Mostly (97.5 %) reversals were performed through the local site. Most common pretake down complication was surgical site infection (22%) and post take down complication was enterocutaneous fistula (5%).Conclusions: Stomas were mostly given for ileal perforation and reversed through local approach by end to end anastomosis. Change in the pretake down complications from skin complications to surgical site infection in our study.
Clinical utility of diabetic ulcer severity score in surgical practice
Authors: Menezes Jose V. Francisco , G. M. Sreenidhi , Vani K. Satya
Published: June 2019

Background: In surgical practice we come across many diabetic foot ulcer patients who often present late, leading to limb loss and even death. In the search for an effective screening tool to assess the severity of the disease and predict the outcome we have adopted the DUSS.Methods: Prospective study from October 2016 to April 2018 including 200 patients with diabetic foot ulcers conducted at Surgery Department in KIMS, Bangalore. DUSS was applied at the time of admission. DUSS comprises 4 clinical parameters: 1) pedal pulses, 2) probing to bone, 3) ulcer site and 4) ulcer number. These wounds were graded into score 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. Standard management was given to all patients according to a protocol. The outcome of treatment was recorded as healed ulcer, minor amputations, (toe or forefoot) or major amputations (below or above knee). Co-relation between the DUSS scores and final outcome was done.Results: Healing rates were higher in those with lower DUSS scores (88.9% in score 0 compared to 0% in Score 4). Minor amputation rates for scores 0, 1, 2,3 were 11.1%, 30.5%,28.3% and 44.1% respectively. Major Amputation rates were higher in patients with high DUSS scores i.e. 3 (41.8%) and 4 (100%).Conclusions: DUSS is an effective clinical tool to assess the severity of diabetic foot ulcers. DUSS scores help in predicting the outcome of treatment hence it can be used to counsel the patient regarding the disease and its prognosis. Patients with higher DUSS scores should require a more aggressive approach to minimise morbidity and mortality.
Relevance of scoring systems in acute appendicitis
Authors: Tandi Niranjan S. , Pai Srinivas , Mulla Sameer Ahmed , Kini Aakarsh G.
Published: June 2019

Background: Acute appendicitis continues to be a clinical dilemma, despite the addition of myriad diagnostic modalities to the surgeon’s arsenal. A reliable scoring system would help streamline diagnosis as well as avoid unnecessary surgeries, in a limited resource setting.Methods: Retrospective observational study evaluating 2 clinical scoring systems for acute appendicitis.Results: For Teicher and Izbicki scores, a sensitivity of 49.5% and 55.71%, specificity of 63.41% and 51.22%, positive predictive value of 92.22% and 90.90%, negative predictive value of 12.56% and 11.67%, negative appendicectomy rate of 8.82% and 10% were found respectively.Conclusions: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common cases presenting to the general surgeon and its diagnosis continues to be clinical enigma, owing to a variety of presentations, degrees of severity and differential diagnoses. Our study shows that Teicher and Izbicki scoring systems can be of value in decision making in acute appendicitis and in reducing the number of negative laparotomies, particularly in limited resource settings where access to advanced diagnostic modalities is limited and expensive. Amongst the two scoring systems, the Teicher score appears to be superior in reducing the negative appendicectomy rate.
A prospective study of serum C-reactive protein and D-lactate levels for early prediction of strangulation in intestinal obstruction
Authors: Dhoon Ramprasad , Kumawat Suresh , Soni M. L. , Rohella M. K. , Sharma Sunil , Karosia Vinod , Chahil Rajesh
Published: June 2019

Background: Intestinal obstruction is one of the commonest clinical problems encountered in surgical practice. One of the grave complications of intestinal obstruction is strangulation, which requires an emergency laparotomy for management. This study was conducted to emphasise the significance of early estimation of rise in serum C-reactive protein and D- lactate levels.Methods: Hospital based prospective study was performed on 50 patients admitted in J.L.N. Hospital, Ajmer in various surgical units with diagnosis of acute intestinal obstruction and underwent explorative Laparotomy.Results: CRP test sensitivity was 85.00%, specificity was 80.67%, PPV was 73.91% and NPV was 88.89% to detected the obstruction with strangulation when using a cutoff value of 60 mg/L. D-lactate test sensitivity was 80.00%, specificity was 90.00%, PPV was 84.30% and NPV was 87.10% to detected the obstruction with strangulation when using a cutoff value of 4.5 mmol/L.Conclusions:Serum CRP and D-lactate can be useful and reasonable markers for predicting strangulation in cases of acute intestinal obstruction in an emergency setting.
Surgical management of gall bladder stones at tertiary care institute of Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat
Authors: Rao Gyaneshwar , Sukla Rajesh , Rao Aayushi
Published: June 2019

Background: Gallstones are the major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. With at least 10 % of the adults have gallstones with a recent rise in the incidence due to change in the dietary factors. This study intends to know its various modes of presentation, treatment, and outcome.Methods: Fifty patients with symptoms and signs of cholelithiasis were included in the study, clinical profile, investigation, treatments, outcomes were analyzed.Results: The highest age incidence of cholelithiasis was in the 5th decade, more common in females. Pain abdomen was the most common symptom. Ultrasonography showed gallbladder stones in all patients and 52% of patients undergone open cholecystectomy, 48% of patients undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The conversion rate of lap to open cholecystectomy was 4%. The operating room time and the length of post operative stay were 65 min and 7 days in open cholecystectomy and 115 min and 3 days in lap cholecystectomy.Conclusions: The result showed cholelithiasis was more common in females, 5th decade, presented most commonly with pain abdomen. Ultrasonography was the most common investigation. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduces the number of hospital days, pain disability.
Laparoscopic repair of left paraduodenal hernia in an adult: case report and literature review
Authors: Sedik Alaa , Elsayed Mostafa , Maali Mufid , Haraga Abdehamid , Touhahria Meriam , Elhoushy Salwa
Published: June 2019

An internal hernia is a protrusion of bowel through a normal or abnormal orifice in the peritoneum or mesentery and the resulting hernia remains intraperitoneal. The para-duodenal type is the most common type of congenital internal hernias. We reported a case of left paraduodenal hernia, who presented with recurrent attacks of severe abdominal pain and occasional vomiting. The case was diagnosed as a left huge paraduodenal hernia, and prepared for a laparoscopic repair after which he made uneventful recovery and remained free of symptoms when he was seen for follow up in surgery outpatient clinic.
Território e Desterritorialização: A EaD na Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Authors: Granetto Moreira Julia Cristina , Dal Molin Beatriz Helena
Published: June 2019

A intenção desta pesquisa é apresentar o Núcleo de Educação a Distância da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, localizada na cidade de Cascavel/PR, discutindo o percurso para sua implantação. Será contextualizado o cenário; apresentado como foi e está sendo pensado e ocorrendo o processo de implantação local para a criação do NEaDUNI. A discussão se ampara em teorias e maneiras de conceber e pensar no ensino e aprendizagem, assim como novas e outras experimentações e desafios na forma de ensinar, aprender-aprendência e de desterritorializar os territórios já estabelecidos. Para o embasamento teórico utilizamos diversos autores: Deleuze e Guattari, Gallo, Dal Molin, Motter, Dans e Vitkowski, assim como documentos nacionais da Educação a Distância e da universidade citada.

Palavras-chave: Educação a distância. Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. Território. Desterritorialização.
Czy niepojętość Boga tłumaczy jego ukrycie? Refleksja z punktu widzenia teizmu personalistycznego
Authors: Dobrzeniecki Marek
Published: June 2019

Jeden z kontrargumentów do argumentu z ukrycia Boga, który zyskuje popularność w ostatnich latach, odnosi się do niepojętości Boga. Jeśli Bóg jest transcendentny, twierdzą zwolennicy tego argumentu (tj. Michael Rea i Roger Pouivet), to nie wiemy, czy Boska miłość wyraża się w otwarciu na osobiste relacje ze skończonymi istotami, jak twierdzi pierwsza przesłanka argumentu o ukrytości. Oskarżają J. L. Schellenberga o kształtowanie koncepcji Boga na wzór współczesnych koncepcji człowieka. W odpowiedzi wskazuję na fakt, że chociaż w pismach Schellenberga istnieje niebezpieczeństwo antropomorfizmu, personalistyczny teizm musi zaakceptować pierwszą przesłankę argumentu z ukrycia. Uzasadniam swoją tezę, odwołując się do zasady scholastycznej, która pozwala przypisać Bogu wszystkie doskonałości, i argumentując na rzecz tezy, że osobowość (rozumiana w kategoriach racjonalności i wolności) jest jedną z doskonałości.
Krytyka oficjalnego chrześcijaństwa w późnych pismach Sørena Kierkegaarda
Authors: Roszyk Maksymilian
Published: June 2019

Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie syntetycznego uporządkowania zawartej w późnych pismach Kierkegaarda krytyki oficjalnego chrześcijaństwa, czyli tego, co w świecie funkcjonuje pod nazwą „chrześcijaństwo”, a co w rzeczywistości zdaniem Duńczyka nim nie jest. Artykuł otwiera zarys niezbędnej dla zrozumienia tej krytyki pozytywnej koncepcji chrześcijaństwa u Kierkegaarda, w szczególności jego idei naśladowania Chrystusa. Dalej omówione są trzy główne zarzuty, jakie wysuwa Duńczyk: (1) prowadzenie pogańskiego życia pod nazwą chrześcijaństwa, (2) zastąpienie naśladowania Chrystusa rozmaitymi aktywnościami werbalnymi, m.in. uczynienie z chrześcijaństwa doktryny, oraz (3) zastąpienie naśladowania Chrystusa oddawaniem mu czci. Te trzy zarzuty uzupełnione są (4) Kierkegaardowską krytyką stanu duchownego. W końcowej części zostaje postawiona teza, że przedstawiona przez Kierkegaarda krytyka ma charakter uniwersalny, tzn. dotyczy wszystkich głównych wyznań chrześcijańskich.
“There Is an ‘Is’”: Intuition of Being in the Thought and Writings of Gilbert Keith Chesterton (a Maritainian Perspective)
Authors: Wąs Maciej
Published: June 2019

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that Gilbert Keith Chesterton possessed the genuine intuition of being as defined by the French Thomist, Jacques Maritain, albeit almost without the proper metaphysical habitus. It opens with some explanations of the terms used, and with a short extrapolation of the theory of the intuition of being. Next it proceeds to proving the thesis assumed by the means of demonstrating that Chesterton exhibited the intuition of being as to three most important elements: its proper object (with the principle of identity included), the principle of sufficient reason and the principle of finality. Next it attempts to demonstrate that despite that understanding, he never spoke in a properly metaphysical manner, the fact that points to the lack of metaphysical habitus, and to establish certain consequences of this state of things. The text ends with a list of practical conclusions that could be drawn from an analysis such as this.
Czym jest pedagogika integralna?
Authors: Dziaczkowska Lucyna
Published: June 2019

Prezentowane rozważania stanowią próbę syntetycznej odpowiedzi na pytanie: Czym jest pedagogika integralna? Czym jest w swojej istocie i czym jest jako dziedzina realnie kreowana przez pedagogów? Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że – w sferze założeń – pokrywa się ona z pedagogiką w ogóle. Przyjęte przez nią niezwykle trudne zadanie badania wychowania w całej jego złożoności oraz jego uczestników w pełni ich jestestwa, generuje potrzebę nieustannego uwrażliwiania pedagogów na unikanie pułapek redukcjonizmu, na przyjęcie humanizmu jako fundamentu prowadzonych poszukiwań. Autorów takich uwrażliwień, którzy jednocześnie zabiegają o ich urzeczywistnienie, można nazwać reprezentantami pedagogiki integralnej. Jest ona kreowana na różne sposoby, niemniej jednak wymaga swoistego postępowania metodologicznego, otwartego na bogactwo stosowanych metod, ciągłe poszerzanie ich katalogu w celu głębokiego poznania procesów wychowawczych i uczestniczących w niej podmiotów.
Integralne aspekty samowychowania chrześcijańskiego
Authors: Balcer Elwira
Published: June 2019

Każdy człowiek jest zaproszony do podjęcia odpowiedzialności za kształt własnego człowieczeństwa poprzez samowychowanie (ascezę). Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie w zarysie zasadniczych aspektów samowychowania chrześcijańskiego. Obejmuje on zarówno aspekty: antropologiczny i teologiczny, jak i psychologiczny, etyczno-moralny, społeczno-kulturowy i religijno-ascetyczny.
The Relationship Between Male/Female Identities Along the Biblical-Christian Tradition: Guidelines for Today’s Educations
Authors: Mari Giuseppe
Published: June 2019

The article presents anthropological, philosophical and theological foundation of the relationship between male/female identities in the light of the biblical-christian tradition. The first part introduces the concept of the primary reciprocity in Gen 1-2 focusing on affinity and difference between man and woman as well as man and woman’s reciprocal essentiality. The second part pertains to male/female reciprocity according to the “theology of the body” by John Paul II which includes a broad notion of freedom. Lastly, the article describes educational tasks including the nuptiality of human body with regards to Christian personalization. Proposed pedagogical vision involves promoting male and female identities according to their difference and to their common dignity.
W służbie wychowania. Ks. Wincentego Granata „wizja” pedagogii życia i pedagogiki katolickiej
Authors: Sakowicz Eugeniusz
Published: June 2019

Ks. Wincenty Granat (1900-1979) jako kapłan, profesor, nauczyciel akademicki, pisarz oraz rektor Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego (1965-1970) głosił „słowem, piórem i życiem Prawdę w miłości”. Z racji wybitnych osiągnięć naukowych w zakresie teologii, idących w parze ze skromnością i pokorą, obdarzony został tytułem Doctor humanus. Cechą charakterystyczną teologii ks. W. Granata był personalistyczny humanizm oraz wymiar antropologiczno-chrystologiczny, nadto pragmatyzm duszpasterski.

Imperatywem pedagogii życia ks. W. Granata było: „prawdę czynić w miłości” (por. Ef 4,15). Przekonywał, iż ludzie wierzący nie tyle idą z Jezusem Chrystusem, ile „w Nim chodzą”. Pan Jezus nie jest zatem wobec człowieka Pedagogiem „zewnętrznym”, lecz „wewnętrznym” Nauczycielem – Mistrzem duchowym. Pedagogię tę cechuje otwartość. Człowiek wychowywany przez innych, ale również i przez siebie, powinien podejmować nieustanny trud otwierania się na Boga, a także coraz większego uwrażliwiania się na to, co ludzkie.

Pedagogika katolicka powinna być w służbie człowieka. Ks. W. Granat podkreślał rolę pedagogiki religijnej w procesie odbudowy polskości. Celem edukacji i wychowania młodego pokolenia jest przeciwstawienie się pedagogicznym nurtom laickim negującym duchowy wymiar człowieka. O wewnętrznym dynamizmie wychowania stanowi cel ostateczny życia człowieka (tj. eschatologia), który nadaje sens każdej chwili życia ludzkiego. Wychowanie katolickie formuje osobę odpowiedzialną za siebie, za drugiego człowieka, za naród, za Kościół. „Ku człowiekowi i Bogu w Chrystusie” to nie tylko podana przez ks. W. Granata definicja teologii, ale też i pedagogii Bożej oraz pedagogiki.
Papież Franciszek jako wychowawca młodzieży
Authors: Olczyk Sławomir
Published: June 2019

Artykuł stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na szereg pytań: w jaki sposób papież Franciszek realizuje się jako wychowawca? Analizując przesłania do młodych ludzi oraz wystąpienia Ojca świętego, a wcześniej Kardynała Bergoglio, autor tekstu zastanawia się jednocześnie nad walorami wychowawczymi oraz aktualnością jego poglądów i udzielanych przez niego wskazówek. Stara się potwierdzić dydaktyczną wartość przemówień papieskich dotyczących młodzieży i jego spotkań z młodzieżą.
O niektórych błędach sumienia i trudnościach w ich przekraczaniu
Authors: Szudra-Barszcz Anna
Published: June 2019

Przedmiotem artykułu jest wadliwość sumienia. Część pierwsza prezentuje wybrane koncepcje sumienia oraz praktyczne skutki ich przyjęcia. W dalszej kolejności przedstawiona jest argumentacja na rzecz tezy, że zachodzi konieczny związek między przekraczaniem błędów sumienia a rozpoznaniem obiektywnej wartości dobra moralnego. Ostatnia część artykułu została poświęcona zakłamaniu, które oparte na błędnej koncepcji sumienia, stanowi jego najbardziej oporną na zmiany deformację.
Manajemen Perencanaan Pembelajaran Aktif di Lembaga ‎Kursus Bahasa Arab Al-Azhar Pare Kediri
Authors: Rosyid Muhammad Kholilur , Faizin Moch Sulthoni , Nuha Nazahah Ulin , Arifa Zakiyah
Published: June 2019

Al-Azhar is one of the famous foreign language courses in Pare Kediri. This research is conducted because Al-Azhar Course Institute has interesting programs, and some teaching staff are native Arabs (Yemen), and use fun methods that make it easier for students to understand and Arabic quickly. This study aims to describe the planning and design of learning in Al-Azhar course institutions. This study uses qualitative research with descriptive methods. Data collection is done by observation, interview and documentation. Data is obtained from informants who are instructors at the Al-Azhar Course Institute. Data analysis in this study consists of 3 stages, namely: Data Condensation, Data Display, and Conclusion Drawing / Verification. The results obtained in this study are: First, the planning carried out by the Al-Azhar course institution is a type of project planning, and top-down planning. Second, the design of learning that is carried out is initiated by placement test, then determines the material that is in accordance with students' abilities, and finally evaluates.
Teşekkül Sürecinde Diğer Mezhep Mensuplarının İmam Eş‘ari ve Eş‘arîlik Algısı
Authors: TORU Ümüt
Published: June 2019

Mezhep
mensupları, mezheplerinin kendilerine sunduğu paradigma ekseninde belli bir
din, dünya ve âlem tasavvuruna sahip olurlar. Diğer mezheplere nasıl
bakılacağının ana çerçevesini de bu paradigma belirler. Bunun yanında mezhep
mensuplarının rakip konuma gelmesi gibi sosyo-kültürel ve sosyo-politik
birtakım gelişmeler de mezheplerle ilgili söylemi etkiler. İlk muhataplarının
Eş‘arîlik söylemi de benzer faktörlerin etkisi altında şekillenmiştir. Örneğin
Mu‘tezilî âlimler, Eş‘arîliği Mecûsilik ile özdeşleştirmişledir. Çünkü
Büveyhîler sayesinde elde ettikleri meşruiyeti korumak istemişlerdir. Bu konuda
önlerindeki en büyük engel, Eş‘arîler tarafından onlar hakkında yaygın bir
şekilde dillendirilen Mecûsilik ithamıydı. Mu‘tezilî âlimlerin aksine Sünnî ve
Hanefî bir geleneğe mensup Pezdevî ise Eş‘arîliği Sünnî bir mezhep olarak
takdim etmiştir. Çünkü o, Hanefîler arasında kelamı yaymayı istemektedir. Bu
kapsamda Eş‘arî’nin kelamî faaliyetlerini örnek göstermiş, Ehl-i Sünnet
kapsamında kalınarak da kelam yapılabileceğini anlatmaya çalışmıştır. Ebû
Temmâm, vahyin gizli birtakım anlamlarının olduğunu savunan Karmatî âlimdi. Bu
yüzden o, Eş‘arîliğin öncelikle Zâhirî düşünme biçimini hedef aldı. Zâhirî
mezhepler arasında da onu Müşebbihe’nin bir kolu olarak sundu. Çünkü
Karmatîlik, Allah’ın sıfatlarının hiçbir şekilde bilinemeyeceğini savunuyordu.
İ'tizâl Fikri Nispet Edilen Şâfiî Şahıslar ve Fıkıhta Şâfiîliği Benimseyen Mu'tezilî Şahıslar
Authors: ALİBEKİROĞLU EREN Fatmanur
Published: June 2019

Tarihsel süreçte i'tizâl fikri nispet edilen Şâfiî şahıslar ile fıkıhta Şâfiîliği benimseyen Mu'tezilî bazı şahısların mevcut olduğu görülmektedir. Üçüncü/dokuzuncu asrın ikinci yarısından, altıncı/on ikinci asra kadar özellikle Bağdat ve Nişabur şehirlerinde yaşayan pek çok şahıs i'tizâl ile Şâfiîliği bir arada benimsemiştir. Bu etkileşimin pekişmesinde Büveyhîler gibi bazı siyasî unsurların mezhep politikalarının etkili olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Şâfiî-Mu'tezilî olarak da isimlendirilebilecek olan söz konusu şahıslara Şâfiî ve Mu'tezilî geleneğin biyografi kitaplarında işaret edilmiştir. Bunun yanında tam bir Mu'tezilî sayılamamakla birlikte kısmen i’tizâlî görüşleri benimseyen Şâfiî şahıslara dair de örnekler söz konusudur. Şâfiîlik-Mu'tezile etkileşiminin tezahürü olarak sayılabilecek tüm bu örneklere her iki geleneğin yaklaşımında ise bazı farklılıkların mevcut olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Biz bu çalışmada öncelikle Şâfiîlik-Mu'tezile etkileşimine dair mülahazalara yer verdik ve burada her iki mezhebin birbirine olan bakış açısını değerlendirdik. Daha sonra i'tizâl fikri nispet edilen Şâfiî şahıslar ile fıkıhta Şâfiîliği benimseyen Mu'tezilî şahıslardan tespit edebildiklerimizin biyografilerine yer verdik. Bunu yaparken, şahıslarla ilgili genel malumatı vermek yerine, şahısların özellikle Mu'tezile ve Şâfiî mezhepleri ile ilişkileri üzerinde durduk. Bu çalışma ile amacımız tarihsel süreçte şahıslar bazında mevcut olan tüm etkileşim örneklerini bütüncül bir şekilde ele almaktır.
The Internationalization of Higher Education in Japan: Effective Organization for a Sustainable Internationally Cooperative Higher Education Program
Authors: Saito Kiyoko , SoungHee Kim
Published: June 2019

The goal of this study is to explore the challenges of international collaboration in higher education activities in Japan by identifying the management frameworks and elements necessary to run sustainable, quality-assured, internationally collaborative activities. Internationalization was examined from three perspectives: collaboration between a university’s headquarters and its departments, program management, and quality assurance. A qualitative case study design was used that involved interviews with 48directors of collaborative international higher education programs. Regarding intra-university collaboration, it was found that there were four major system types divided into eight subtypes: 1. Top-down; (A) Leaving the job to departments, (B) Control, and (C) Ownership; 2. Bottom-up; (A) Approval and (B) Independent; 3. Acting as one; and 4. Cooperation; (A) Regional and (B) Field. The most frequent subtype was “Approval” and the most successful subtype was “Independent.” Regarding program management, many institutions have mature systems, but even these systems found it difficult to achieve accreditation by external agencies. To enable Japanese higher education institutions to survive in the global market, central leadership that encourages departmental independence is necessary. Entrepreneurialism, whereby not only executives but also academics and administrators explicitly seek out new strategies is a key element in Japanese higher education institutions.
The image of a corrupt official as perceived by Russia’s youth: using the unfinished sentences method
Authors: Pinchuk Antonina N. , Tikhomirov Dmitry A.
Published: June 2019

This article considers the image of a corrupt official as perceived by young Russians. The object of this study was represented by students from three Moscow-based universities. The survey was carried out in 2018. The sample consisted of 118 people ages 17 to 21. The results of the analysis show that, in order to develop anti-corruption measures in the field of education, it is necessary to study those personal, professional and behavioral image characteristics of a corrupt official which are relevant to young people. With this goal in mind, a sociological study was conducted in 2018 utilizing the unfinished sentences method, with students from three Russian universities participating in the study. The results of the study reflect a multilevel collective image, defined by the behavioral characteristics of a corrupt official. A conclusion was drawn that, while describing individual traits of a corrupt official, personal qualities, field of professional activities and means of interacting with others bear special significance. In recreating an image, the mentality and willpower of corrupt officials are shown in a light which points to mixed attitudes towards the person initiating acts of corruption. Meanwhile certain areas are highlighted where said image becomes somewhat blurred, with corrupt officials being regarded as “regular” people without any distinctive traits. It is suggested that these thoroughly analyzed substantive qualities of the image of a corrupt official should be considered while developing measures for cultivating intolerant attitudes among young people towards the main subjects of acts of corruption.
Kuramsal Açıdan: Ekran
Authors: ÜSTÜNDAĞ Alev
Published: June 2019

Ekran ve medya; dünya görüşü, inanç, kültürel değer ve yönelim
geliştirilmesinde önemli bir role sahiptir. Ayrıca; çoğunlukla klişeleşmiş
görüntü ve değerlerin dünyaya yayılmasını da sağlamaktadır. Medya, kültürel
yönelimin aynası olmakla birlikte toplumu yönlendirerek, toplumun temel unsuru
olabilmektedir. Medyanın kişiler üzerindeki etkisi yeni tartışılan bir konu
değildir. Bu konuda yerli ve yabancı pek çok araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu
çalışmada medyaya kuramsal açıdan yaklaşılarak, yetiştirme kuramı ve sosyal
öğrenme kuramı kapsamında açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
ANONİM BİR İLMİHAL VE BU İLMİHALDE GEÇEN DİL UYUMUNA AYKIRI ÖRNEKLER
Authors: YAVİ Fecri
Published: June 2019

Türkçenin
en eski dönemlerinden beri var olan dil uyumu ya da kalınlık-incelik uyumu, günümüze
kadar büyük oranda bozulmamakla beraber bazı yazma eserlerde uyuma aykırı
örnekler görmek mümkündür. Bunlar, Türkçenin klişeleşmiş imlâsıyla alakalı
olabileceği gibi ağız özellikleriyle ve Türkçenin tarihi seyrinde geçirdiği
gelişmeler ve değişmelerle ilgili olabilir. Bu yüzden bu uyumsuzlukları göz
ardı etmek doğru değildir.

Elimizdeki
çalışma, TBMM Kütüphanesinde kayıtlı, anonim ilmihal üzerine yapılmıştır. Eserde
dil uyumuna aykırı örneklerin çokluğu dikkat çekmektedir. Bu örnekler tespit
edilip bugüne kadar konu hakkında yazılmış çalışmalar ışığında bazı
varsayımlarda bulunulmuştur. Böylelikle Türkçenin tarihi gelişimi üzerine
yapılacak çalışmalara ve ağız özelliklerinin aydınlatılmasına katkıda bulunmak
amaçlanmıştır.
KADINLAR DÜNYASI YAZARLARINDAN NİMET CEMİL’İN KADINA BAKIŞI
Authors: KARACAN Osman
Published: June 2019

Sosyal, ekonomik ve
politik alanda erkeklerle kadınların eşitliğini ve özgürlüğünü savunan feminizm
hareketi Tanzimat sonrasında Osmanlı kadınları arasında ciddi destek bulmuştur.
Dernekler, sendikalar, gazeteler ve dergiler üzerinden örgütlenen Osmanlı kadın
hareketi temel hak ve özgürlükleri kadınların lehine yeniden yorumlayarak
özgürlük ve eşitlik mücadelesini vermiştir. Kadınlar Dünyası’nda neşrettiği çok
sayıda makale ile kadın haklarını savunan Nimet Cemil, kadınların sosyal
konumlarını güçlendirmek için kadınlar arasında bir bilinç oluşturmaya
çalışmıştır. Nimet Cemil, yazılarında kadının bir birey olarak toplumda var
olmasını, sosyal ve ekonomik olarak erkeklerle eşit ve özgür olmasını
savunmuştur. Çalışmamızda Nimet Cemil’in Osmanlı kadınlarının yaşadığı
sorunlara bakışı ve çözüm önerileri ele alınmıştır.
Cervical transforaminal ligaments on MRI and its clinical significance
Authors: Li Junlin , Wang Lina , Zhang Xiaoqin , Ouyang Xuehui
Published: June 2019

Background

This study examined cervical transforaminal ligament(TFL) displays in cadavers and living bodies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluated the correlation between nerve entrapment in the brachial plexus by the TFL and cervical radiculopathy(CR).

Methods

First, 6 normal intact adult cervical specimens were used to calculate the relevant capacity in displaying the cervical TFLs by the three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (3D-FIESTA). Second, 10 patients with CR and 10 healthy subjects were selected to perform the 3D-FIESTA sequence scan at the C4-T1 intervertebral foramina. The TFL display rate was calculated, and its correlation with CR was analysed.

Results

The microscopic anatomical results showed that the cervical TFL incidence was 39.6%. The relative capacity of the 3D-FIESTA sequence in displaying cervical TFLs showed a 96.6% specificity and a 73.7% sensitivity. In the 10 patients with CR, cervical TFLs were present in 17 intervertebral foramina, of which, 10 cases showed hypertrophy of the TFLs causing nerve entrapment, and corresponding symptoms of CR were found in 8 cases of cervical TFLs. The correlation between nerve root entrapment by the cervical TFL and CR showed a 96.8% specificity and an 80% sensitivity. In the 10 healthy subjects, cervical TFLs were present in 13 intervertebral foramina.

Conclusions

The MR 3D-FIESTA sequence has high clinical value in displaying cervical TFLs in both cadavers and living bodies. If 3D-FIESTA sequencing shows nerve entrapment by the TFL, the possibility of CR caused by this TFL is approximately 80.0%. Conversely, the possibility of CR remains at 3.2%.
Sociodemographic and clinical determinants of in-facility case fatality rate for 938 Ebola patients treated in Sierra Leone
Authors: Kangbai Jia Bainga , Heumann Christian , Hoelscher Michael , Sahr Foday , Froeschl Guenter
Published: June 2019

Background
The 2013 – 2016 West Africa Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak recorded the highest incidence and mortality since the discovery of the virus in Zaire in 1976. Studies relating to previous outbreaks usually involved small sample sizes. In this study we are set to identify those sociodemographic and clinical features that predict in-facility mortality among EVD patients using a large sample size.
Methods
We analysed the anonymized medical records of 938 laboratory-confirmed EVD patients 15 years old and above that received treatment at the 34 Military Hospital and the Police Training School EVD Treatment Centers in Sierra Leone in the period June 2014 to April 2015. We used both univariable and multivariable logistic regression to determine the predictors for in-facility mortality of these patients based on their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Results
The median age of the EVD cases was 33 years (interquartile range = 25 to 40 years). The majority of the EVD cases were male (59.0%) and had secondary level education (79.3%). A low overall in-facility case fatality rate of 26.4% was shown. The associations between case fatality rates and EVD patients who reported fever, abdominal pain, cough, diarrhoea, vomiting, fatigue, haemorrhage, dysphagia, conjunctival injection, dyspnoea, and skin rash at the time of admission were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Our preferred model with age group of EVD patients and the presence of the symptoms diarrhoea, vomiting, fatigue, dysphagia, conjunctival injection, dyspnoea and muscle pain produced a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with an AUC (area under the curve) value of 0.94.
Conclusions
The age of EVD patients, as well those patients who reported vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue, dysphagia, conjunctival injection, dyspnoea and muscle pain have increased odds of dying during treatment and hence will require prompt and intensive treatment at the time of admission. We argue that the high proportion of individuals with higher educational levels may have been a critical determinant for the low case fatality rate.
Gestão de Custos no Terceiro Setor: aplicação na Instituição de Longa Permanência de Idosos de Rio Paranaíba/MG
Authors: Rocha Lucas Alexandre , Leroy Rodrigo Silva Diniz , Marques Maycon Henrique , Almeida Edson Rodrigo de
Published: June 2019

O Terceiro Setor possui significativa importância na sociedade em função dos serviços prestados, sendo suas atividades e sustentabilidade financeira desejáveis para a sociedade. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa analisou a estrutura de custos com base nas informações gerenciais da Instituição de Longa Permanência de Idosos (ILPI) do município de Rio Paranaíba/MG. O estudo foi do tipo qualitativo, sendo resultado de uma pesquisa ação realizada em uma Casa de Repouso no ano de 2018. Com base na Resolução 283/2005 da ANVISA para divisão em classes dos internos, o estudo resultou no custo de R$ 6.830,22 para incapazes, R$ 3.569,63 para dependentes e R$ 3.173,79 para independentes, valores por trimestre. Os resultados possibilitaram à entidade maior conhecimento gerencial para a análise de admissões, tomada de decisões e na busca de novas fontes de recursos, visando a longevidade dos serviços, bem como o bem-estar social.
Disseminando conhecimentos sobre manejo da irrigação no cafeeiro
Authors: Rosa David Rafael Quintão , Nogueira Natiélia Oliveira , Monteiro Cleiton Rodrigues
Published: June 2019

Em razão dos baixos índices pluviométricos dos últimos anos, observa-se um aumento da área irrigada na cafeicultura. Esse aumento pode promover uma elevada pressão sobre os recursos hídricos de uma região. Nesse cenário, objetivou-se com este projeto difundir conhecimentos sobre o adequado manejo da irrigação principalmente para a cafeicultura familiar da região de Manhuaçu/MG. Para que os objetivos fossem alcançados a equipe de extensão elaborou uma ferramenta para ser utilizada no manejo da irrigação, além de materiais didáticos. Para a difusão do conhecimento foi realizada uma palestra. Também foram realizadas reuniões para debate de temas relacionados ao uso racional da água. Ao final, pode-se concluir que o projeto contribuiu para fomentar o debate democrático sobre o uso da água na cafeicultura, além de disponibilizar uma ferramenta simples e de fácil acesso para os cafeicultores irrigantes.
Formação Continuada de professores de Ciências e Biologia no litoral do Paraná: relato de experiência.
Authors: Dos Santos Everaldo , Cavallet Izabel Carolina Raittz , Pereira Leandro Angelo , Portela Caroline Dorada Pereira
Published: June 2019

O processo de formação continuada de professores é fundamental para a efetivação de um currículo que seja adequado às realidades locais e regionais, dessa forma, o projeto de extensão promovido pelo IFPR - Campus Paranaguá - em 2012 e 2014 teve como objetivo a oferta de oficinas para promover a formação continuada dos professores de Ciências e Biologia da rede pública de ensino do estado do Paraná do Núcleo Regional de Paranaguá, a partir da experiência dos docentes e estudantes do Campus Paranaguá do IFPR. Para isso, foram ofertadas duas oficinas para professores dos diferentes municípios do litoral do Paraná, sendo uma de Ciência no Cinema e outra de Experimentação em Ciências. As inscrições e participações foram oportunizadas pelo Núcleo Regional de Educação do Paraná – Paranaguá (NRE). Com o relato desta experiência de extensão foi possível perceber que o projeto oportunizou o intercâmbio de práticas e conhecimentos entre os professores da rede pública. Além disso, foi possível diagnosticar a carência de oferta desses cursos de formação continuada na região litorânea do Paraná e o potencial de mudança de práticas pedagógicas de acordo com as realidades locais no litoral do Paraná.
Construindo saberes sobre desenvolvimento rural sustentável e agroecologia: uma experiência com extensão universitária
Authors: Barata-Silva André Wagner , Santos Pereira Viviane , Augusto Gomes Luiz Antônio
Published: June 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo compartilhar uma experiência com extensão universitária sobre a construção de saberes, para a promoção do desenvolvimento rural sustentável, a partir da agroecologia no município São Thomé das Letras - MG. Foram realizadas dez reuniões e doze atividades com a comunidade em vinte meses. Inicialmente foi realizado um diagnóstico participativo, e todas as ações foram construídas de forma coletiva, considerando-se as demandas da comunidade. Observaram-se, no decorrer do projeto, algumas limitações, principalmente, relacionadas à falta de financiamento e à participação às reuniões. Como potencialidades, ressaltam-se as diversas possibilidades dos atores sociais envolvidos em aprender, dialogar e ensinar sobre o desenvolvimento rural sustentável e agroecologia. Essa experiência foi marcada pelo diálogo e troca de saberes, ao buscar superar a ideia de transmissão de conhecimentos da universidade para a sociedade.
“O que sabemos sobre cuidados paliativos”: (re)construindo conceitos por meio de uma experiência dialógica
Authors: Lins Ana Luiza Rodrigues , Andrade João Vitor , Paiva Leticia Milagres , Martins Thalyta Cássia de Freitas , Mendonça Erica Toledo de
Published: June 2019

Este relato apresenta como objeto uma dinâmica que identificou conhecimentos prévios dos participantes sobre cuidados paliativos. Tem como objetivo relatar a experiência e os resultados da dinâmica “O que sabemos sobre cuidados paliativos?”, realizada pela Liga de Oncologia no minicurso de cuidados paliativos, e é um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência. No primeiro momento da atividade, os participantes responderam por escrito à questão “O que sabemos sobre cuidados paliativos?”. Após, os mesmos colaram as tarjetas na lousa para posterior debate. As respostas foram avaliadas pela análise de conteúdo. Emergiram três categorias; uma que conceituou o tema, relacionando-o às tecnologias leves, e as demais, que expressavam os entraves, dilemas e potencialidades dos cuidados paliativos. Destaca-se a importância de implementar estratégias como a descrita, a fim de discutir e ressignificar os cuidados paliativos entre estudantes e profissionais de saúde.
Critical Literacy for ELT in Indonesia: What EFL Teachers should be Aware of
Authors: Mbau Anitha Thalib , Sugeng Bambang
Published: June 2019

This article explores the basic and important issues related to critical literacy for ELT in Indonesia. Hopefully, it could contribute to improving EFL teachers’ understanding of critical literacy, particularly in Indonesia. Critical literacy is still considered as a new approach in EFL contexts. However, it is promising such benefits for both students and teachers for it might contribute to developing both teachers’ and students’ critical manners in reading and writing. This article describes the concept of critical literacy. Then, it elaborates the appropriate learning sources and activities to support the development of students’ critical literacy. After that, it describes some challenges for implementing critical literacy in ELT in the Indonesian context briefly. Finally, it offers conclusions on the important points of the topic. 
ARABULUCULUKTA TARAFSIZLIK İLKESİNİN GÖRÜNÜMÜ VE ETİK KURALLAR ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÖZMUMCU Seda
Published: June 2019

Arabuluculukta tarafsızlık ilkesi, arabuluculuk yönteminin en önemli esaslı unsurlarından biridir. Çünkü bu ilke olmadan, arabuluculuk sürecinin adil ve hakkaniyete uygun bir şekilde yürütülmesi ve bu süreç sonunda taraflarca ortak bir payda etrafında anlaşmaya varılıp, adil bir sonucun elde edilmesi mümkün değildir. Dolayısıyla tarafsızlık ilkesi, arabuluculuğun ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Bununla birlikte Batı hukuk sistemlerinde bu ilke, aynı zamanda soyut bir üst kavram olarak değerlendirildiği için, kapsamı içinde yer alması gereken unsurlar uzun yıllar tartışmaya konu olmuştur. Aslında tarafsızlık ilkesi, bir üst kavram olarak, arabuluculuk müzakereleri sırasında taraflar arasında ayırım gözetmeme, eşit davranma, adil olma ve menfaat çatışmasına girmeme gibi diğer alt kavramları da kapsamaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu üst kavram, altında yer alan diğer unsurlar ile birlikte bir bütünlük taşımaktadır. Tarafsızlık ilkesi, hukuk sistemleri içinde arabuluculuk usulünü kabul eden bütün ülkelerde ve ülkemizde arabulucuların uyması gereken etik kurallar içinde de yer almaktadır. Makalemizin konusu, bu ilkenin sadece çok küçük bir bölümüne temas ederek, meselenin uygulama açısından taşıdığı öneme dikkat çekmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Application of Agaricus bisporus industrial wastewater to produce the biomass of Pichia burtonii
Authors: Huang Jiafu
Published: June 2019

By using Plackett–Burman combined with Box–Behnken design, the fermentation conditions of Pichia burtonii using Agaricus bisporus industrial wastewater as culture medium were optimized. The biomass of P. burtonii in the fermentation broth was analyzed by multispectral imaging flow cytometry. Plackett–Burman design was used to screen out three factors from six factors affecting the biomass of P. burtonii as major factors. The Box–Behnken response surface method was used to optimize the interaction of the three main factors to predict the optimal fermentation conditions. The significant factors affecting the biomass of P. burtonii, such as shaking speed, solubility and culture temperature, were screened. The optimum conditions for P. burtonii were as follows: a shaking speed of 265 rmp, a solubility of 8%, a culture temperature of 25 °C, an initial pH of 6.0, an inoculation amount of 8%, and an amount of 30 mL liquid in 250 mL, and the total living yeast can reach 1.27 ± 0.02 × 108 Obj/mL, which was within the 95% confidence interval of the predicted model (1.08–1.32 × 108 Obj/mL).
Concept of terrorist war in russia during after-reform period
Authors: Ermakov Vyacheslav Alekseevich
Published: June 2019

The work carried out a historiographic reconstruction of the conceptual justification of the terrorist war in Russia of the post-reform period. The concept of a terrorist war is seen as an alternative to the concept of the Russian liberation movement. On the basis of historical evidence of the «Russian Right», objective preconditions for the formation of the concept of a terrorist war are analyzed. It is shown that the Black-Hundred literature contained the basic definitions of revolutionary terror as a total war aimed at the destruction of the Russian national state. The psychodiagnostic characteristics of terrorists by Russian psychiatrists are given. The historiographic works of modern authors of the patriotic direction are reviewed, in which the concept of a terrorist war developed in black-hundred journalism has been rethought and supplemented. The author analyzed the statistical data and historical evidence of contemporaries about the leading role of revolutionary Jewry in a terrorist war. The reveals the issue of the formation of active participants and leaders of terrorist organizations from the the Jewish Pale, as well as the problem of sponsorship and ideological support of anti-Russian terror by the special services of Western countries. The author raised a topic concerning the ways and methods of resistance of the Russian people to revolutionary gangs. Given the main characteristics of the concept of a terrorist war as an anti-Russian, anti-state, criminal activity. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the concept of the Russian liberation movement is palliative, ideologically one-sided, Russophobic and does not reflect the objective processes of anti-Russian terror. Conversely, the concept of a terrorist war allows researchers to uncover historically accurate facts and approach an objective study of the causes and specifics of the phenomenology of terrorism in Russia.
The role of implicit semantic components during the synthesis of russian verbal modifications (a case study for the verbs of mechanical phonation)
Authors: Ivlieva Irina Valentinovna
Published: June 2019

The article examines the implicit components in the meaning of semantically modified derivatives. Using the methods of componential analysis of definitions from various Russian explanatory and aspectual dictionaries, the implicit components in the sound verbs’ meanings are inventoried. The impact of the relevant implicit components on the synthesis process is examined; the dichotomy of the implicit components of meaning and corresponding synthesizing prefixes is identified. The productivity and typical colloquial usage of synthesized derivatives is demonstrated using data from the Russian National Corpus.