bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kondičné schopnosti v štruktúre limitujúcich ukazovateľov výkonu karatistov
Authors: Vanderka Marián , Longová Katarína
Published: February 2018

Th e aim of the presented work is to contribute to the clarifi cation of the structure of sport performance limiting factors within karate, out of which the following were chosen: disjunctive reaction time lower extremities on visual stimulus and velocity of strike seiken čoku cuki from the perspective of hierarchical formation of the mathematical model. Th e measured values were processed and the paired comparison analysis was used to fi nd the dependency rate between the particular variables. We used both regression and partial correlation analysis for creating the empirical model of the structure of selected motoric factors, which are limiting the performance in karate. On the “second level factor” concerning dependent variables which we have selected, the following motoric factors proved to be signifi cant: standing long jump, 400m run, overhead medicimbal throw and No of sit ups during 1 min. period. On the “third level factor” it were: 50m dash from standing start, No of push ups in 10 second, shuttle run 10x5m, pull ups and isometric endurance in upright possition of pull ups, calculation of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max).
Funkční charakteristiky hráčů fotbalu
Authors: Teplan Jaroslav , Malý Tomáš , Hráský Pavel , Zahálka František , Kaplan Aleš , Malá Lucía , Heller Jan
Published: February 2018

The aim of this contribution is to summarize the state of the functional characteristics of soccer players. Th e key points addressed in the study are motion model structures player in the game and physiological parameters that can aff ect a player‘s performance in the match. Physiological parameters and model physical structures in football are addressed in a number of studies and constantly stress the need for sophisticated scientifi c approach to the player‘s performance in the game. In the survey study, we proceed from the results and conclusions of studies published in foreign scientifi c journals or presented at important posts of scientifi c conferences. Player positions are characterized by distinct physical demands in the model motion structure and bioenergetic expenditure and planning training process should respect the following aspects. Players must match within a short period of time to react to changes in direction or manage football in the intensity of locomotion. During the match aerobic and anaerobic overlap metabolism in terms of intensity loads. Th e player must repeatedly perform in a match of high intensity activity with rapid recovery of energy resources and delaying the maximum fatigue emerging. Th e diff erence between elite players and lower level is the amount of physical activities performed at high intensities. Due to fatigue at the end of the game players appear less smooth coordination and implementation of technical skills. Based on surveillance studies diff erent views and determinants of the functional readiness of the player were identifi ed. Th e dominant role is played by the following criteria: player´s level (professional, amateur, etc.), competition (international, national, etc.), post player, tasks player´s stage game and game system.
Analýza výkonu v triatlonu
Authors: Kovářová Lenka , Jurič Miroslav , Kovář Karel
Published: February 2018

The article analyzes four sports performance modifi cations triathlon: sprint, short, long and off -road race. For the analysis results were used during the fi rst 30 classifi ed riders at the fi nish triathlon analyzed modifi cations in the category of elite men. For the analysis of relationships in all parts of the triathlon modifi cations was due to the results of tests of normality using Spearman‘s correlation coeffi cient. In analyzing the highest correlation was found between swimming and overall performance at long distance triathlon (0.469), lowest in the sprint triathlon. When analyzing the relationship between bicycle parts, and overall performance was the highest correlation with off -road triathlon (0.802), lowest in a sprint triathlon (-0.046). Analysis of cross-country relations and overall performance parts revealed the highest correlation with long-distance triathlon (1,000), off -road triathlon at the lowest (0.787). It turns out that modifi cations in the meaning of each part of the overall result are diff erent, although their percentage is similar for all modifi cations.
Postoje žiakov 4. ročníku základných škôl v okrese Zvolen k telesnej a športovej výchove
Authors: Mesiarik Peter
Published: February 2018

This paper presents the results of research to determine attitudes of students 4thgrades of primary schools in the district Zvolen to physical and sport education. Research set consisted of 553 students from 8 urban and 8 village primary schools. As a basic research tool was a standardized questionnaire designed for attitudinal students first primary school. The authors found that boys and girls more positive and very positive attitudes toward physical and sport education over the indifferent attitudes. Students of urban primary schools had more positive attitudes than students of village primary schools. The most indifferent attitudes toward physical education for pupils showed low-class village primary schools, where are poor conditions for physical and sport education.
Význam pohybových aktivit seniorek z hlediska úprav funkčního stavu svalového systému
Authors: Wiednerová Veronika , Kopřivová Jitka , Budíková Marie
Published: February 2018

The study deals with the investigation of functional condition of seniors’ muscular system at the age of 60 and more. The research was performed with an intentionally selected file of seniors in which a physical activity was regularly stimulated. The functional condition of muscular apparatus was investigated according to Janda test (2004) and the following motoric changes were evaluated with the help of Friedman test and objective relevance. On the basis of the recorded data in accordance to previous proved findings we can state that an adequate physical intervention has a high importance for adjustment of tested motoric stereotypes, restoring physiological length of tested muscles and muscles with a tendency to shortening, and restoring strength of tested muscles and muscles with tendency to weakening. These findings might support the idea of including physical activity to seniors’ everyday life.
Vývoj hráčské struktury v družstvech ženské basketbalové Excelsior ligy se zaměřením na věk a státní příslušnost
Authors: Řepka Emil , Novotný Petr
Published: February 2018

This article looks at the evolution of structure teams in the top Czech women‘s basketball competition - Excelsior league. Tracking period is since seasons 1998/99 to 2010/11. The cardinal method of this research is based on content analysis of game match statistics – these include the number of female players (their age), minutes played, points scored and coefficient of usefulness. The sample of players is classified into three groups (Czech players younger than twenty years, Czech players twenty years old and older, foreign players). The results confirm the expected increase of number of foreign players as well as continuously growing impact on the game, in our study presented a coefficient of utility players. The trend of integration into Czech female players younger than 20 years is inversely dependent on the number of Czech female players older than 20 years. Our assumptions were confirmed. The article refers to the change of the team constitution.
Zmena pravidla o 3-bodovom území a jej vplyv na početnosť a úspešnosť streľby za 3 body u vrcholových basketbalistov U16 a U18
Authors: Vencúrik Tomáš
Published: February 2018

The article deals with the impact of the change of 3-point field goal shooting area rule (change of horizontal distance from 6.25 m to 6.75 m from the basket) on the number of attempts and the successfulness of the 3-point shooting in age categories under 16 (U16) and under 18 (U18) years old male basketball players. The research sample consists of teams which took part in European Championships (ECH) in years 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 in categories U16 and U18. Analyzed were 548 game statistics of all games played in both categories. When we compared the number of 3-point shooting attempts, before (ECH 2009, 2010) and after the change of rules (ECH 2011, 2012), we found a statistically significant difference in U16 (21.32  5.58 vs. 18.31  10.28; p < 0.01) and also in U18 (22.49  5.14 vs. 20.01  5.46; p < 0.01). When the percentage of 3-point shooting successfulness was compared between ECH 2009, 2010 and ECH 2011, 2012 the statistically significant differences were not determined in U16 (28.03  10.17 % vs. 27.89  10.28 %; p > 0.05) as well as in U18 (29.62  10.51 % vs. 29.24  9.77 %; p > 0.05). The results indicate that changes probably appeared in chosen models of game of monitored teams, therefore the preferred shooting in offensive phase of game was 2-point shooting. Furthermore, it was proved that the time period between individual ECH is long enough for the adaptation of players to the new rules.
Gymnastická hra jako podnět k modernizaci výuky gymnastiky ve školní tělesné výchově
Authors: Vorálková Jitka , Novotná Viléma , Šimůnková Iveta
Published: February 2018

Gymnastics is included in the physical education at all school levels. Gymnastic skills learned in the gymnastic games may specifically contribute to the development of pupils’ skills, promote physical literacy level, contribute to the development of selected components of physical fitness and stimulate movement creativity. Nowadays the concept of gymnastics as an apparatus exercises, is not enough included in school physical education programs. The reasons are: unsatisfactory range of teachers preparation, traditional teaching methods or no equipment and apparatus at school gyms. One possible significant changes in the approach of teaching is to use gymnastic games and newly designed types of equipment and programs created under the concept of curriculum Gymnastics for all (GFA).Gymnastic games along with modern apparatus are attractive, appealing and inspiring for specific movement skills. They improve safety of training, and expand the range of creativity. We assume that the modernization and inovation of teaching gymnastics through gymnastic games will develop pupils’ competence,increase the level of physical literacy, increase the number of skills and becomes an important motivation for lifelong physical activity leading to a healthy lifestyle.
Srovnání terapie metodikou STOB a pohybové intervence
Authors: Erbenová Pavla , Kopřivová Jitka , Hanáček Miroslav
Published: February 2018

The article displays an evaluation of efficiency and effects of the complex approach (a synergy of the cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy and the intervention program of physical exercises) in a therapy of the overweight and obesity. There were two groups of probands (women). The first one where the probands participated both in the STOB course and the intervention movement program, and the other one where the participants went through the intervention movement program only. 22 probands who were overweight or obese participated in a twelve-week programme. An average rate of BMI in the STOB group was 33,77 (± 19,3). A control group (of 10 probands) participated in an intervention programme only. An average rate of BMI in this group was 29,99 (± 6,96). The research started in the autumn of 2009 and finished in the autumn of 2011. It was investigated as a part of the dissertation thesis. The article examines the efficiency and effects seen in the experimental group (the STOB group) and the control group (the IMP group). The examined parameters are the rates of BMI. The results display a positive influence of the complex approach in this kind of therapy (the STOB programme) that mean a synergic effect of the cognitive-behavioural therapy and the intervention movement programme and the diet programme. The STOB group decreased significantly the BMI value by 5,37 % during the intervention. The IMP group changed the BMI value only by 0,45 %. The results of quantitative evaluation of intervention movement programme proved positive and statistically significant change of the time load in the STOB group. The difference in the IMP group time load was found to be non-significant.
Úroveň akceleračnej rýchlosti, explozívnej sily dolných končatín a špeciálnej vytrvalosti futbalových útočníkov
Authors: Pivovarniček Pavol , Švantner Roman , Kitka Boris , Pupiš Martin
Published: February 2018

The purpose of the study was to analyse a level of sprint and jump abilities and intermittent endurance of forwards of Slovakia national soccer team category U21 (n = 5) in the period of classification for The UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship 2011. A level of sprint abilities was diagnosed by the apparatus FiTRO Light Gates (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, Slovak republic). The criterion of the assessment of the endurance was the time obtained in the distance of 10 m with the exactness 0.01 s. A level of jump abilities was diagnosed by the apparatus FiTRO Jumper (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, Slovak republic). The criterion of the evaluation was the highness of vertical jump from knee-bend/ squat with countermove and with the use of hand swing work in cm with the exactness 0,1cm. A level of intermittent endurance was diagnosed by Yo-Yo Intermittent recovery test level 2. The criterion of the assessment of the endurance was the distance (m) in Yo-Yo test. Differences in the level of sprint and jump abilities and intermittent endurance were recognised and defined by the expertise analysis. A level of sprint abilities of the object was presented by the average endurance with evaluation 2.20±0.06 s. A level of jump abilities was presented by the average endurance with evaluation 39.9±4.8 cm. A level of intermittent endurance was presented by the average endurance with evaluation 1304±288 meters equivalent converted at VO2max.kg-1 63.0±3.9 ml.kg-1.min-1. The expertise analysis of the level of sprint abilities has showed that one forward had significantly high level and one forward had significantly low level of sprint abilities when comparing with the average level of sprint abilities. The expertise analysis of the level of jump abilities has showed that one forward had significantly low level. The expertise analysis of the level of intermittent endurance has showed that one forward had significantly high level and one forward had significantly low level opposite to the average level of intermittent endurance of the object.
Identifikácia chronotypov vysokoškolských študentiek
Authors: Vančová Dominika , Jančoková Ľudmila , Palovičová Júlia , Pivovarniček Pavol
Published: February 2018

The aim of the study was chronotype´s identification of university´s students who have been practising the activity of aerobics during their free time. The experimental ensemble composed of probands (n = 62, age = 21.2±1.4 years) who attended I. and II. level of university´s studies. The probands attended various study programmes and field of studies on particular faculties of Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica. We identified chrontypes thanks to the method of standardised questionnaire. The identification was being done by quantification of score points of all questions. The scores were added together and the sum converted into a stated five point scale. The analysis has shown that 48 probands (77.4 %) tend to be the neither chronotype, 8 probands (12.9 %) are represented by moderately morning chronotype. Moderately evening chronotype is dominated for 5 probands (8.1 %). 1 proband (1.6 %) tends to be definitely evening chronotype. Definitely morning chronotype was not identified.
Výsledky pilotní studie dotazníku SE-PETE-D, který zjišťuje důvěru studentů učitelství tělesné výchovy v jejich kompetence k realizaci výuky integrované tělesné výchovy
Authors: Baloun Ladislav , Kudláček Martin , Ješina Ondřej
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this work is the presentation of the questionnaire of the Self-Efficacy Scale for Physical Education Teacher Education Majors towards the Children with Disabilities (SE-PETE-D), which should be used in the future to identify self-efficacy of the students of the teacher training in physical education. At the same time will be also presented the results of a pilot study of standardization of this questionnaire in the conditions of the Czech environment. A key concept of questionnaire is self-efficacy. and introduced its the Canadian-American psychologist Albert Bandura (1997). Apilot study and comparison encompass bachelor students took part in the teaching of physical education, students of bachelor studies in adapted physical education and students of the follow-up master degree in adapted physical education. The results show that students of bachelor studies in adapted physical education have higher self-efficacy than students of bachelor studies in physical education.
Drums Alive® – bubnování na gymnastických míčích jako prostředek rozvoje koordinace
Authors: Knappová Věra , Kavalířová Gabriela
Published: February 2018

Quality of coordination of movement significantly influences everyday life of a man and creates preconditions for effective acquiring motor skills. Stability, locomotor movement and manipulative movement belong among fundamental motor skills (Doty, McEven, Parker & Laskin, 1999). People with disability are not often able to perform many of them on the same level as their same-age peers without disability. Imperfections in movement coordination can be negatively reflected in quality of their life. On the basis of published knowledge about appropriate movement interventions on development of movement coordination by people without disability we can apply individually adjusted specific movement programs for people with various disabilities. Our paper is focused on use of new specialization of music-movement therapy Drums Alive® (drumming on exercise balls in holders). Drums Alive® joins the dynamic and dance movements with the pulsating rhythms of the drums. It is sensorimotor program, which the author Carrie Ekins designed as combination of drumming activities and targeted movement activity (Ekins, 2012). By means of these activities it is possible to influence the quality and level of motor skills and better movement coordination used primarily in common life of disabled people.
Dny na monoski 2013 – Příklad propagace APA pro širokou veřejnost
Authors: Kučera Martin , Bartoňová Radka
Published: February 2018

Actions implemented in the four ski areas in Bohemia and Moravia had two main objectives. The first was to attract skiing especially those people with disabilities who have never ski on monoski to create the positive attachment to the sport, or other incentives to operate. The second objective was to present monoskiing to public. First, through media campaigns on the web, on billboards and radio. Either directly in the ski areas that gave them the opportunity to experience firsthand skiing monoski interested from the healthy skiers. All costs were covered by the APA Center and event partners. The whole series of events met with great success for both target groups and is already seeing the requirements for repeating events in at least the same, if not more widely. The biggest challenge is to connect with the commercial sector, which in the case of adapted physical activities is not very common phenomenon.
Náplň volného času u dětí základní školy
Authors: Tůma Jiří
Published: February 2018

This paper focuses on filling their leisure time of children in primary school. Introduces the issue that is very current issues affecting the use of leisure time activities, cooperation between family and school. He wants to bring such activities to give children at primary schools in their volitional time. Figuring out how children actively involved in their leisure time.
Zimní sporty ve Speciálních olympiádách
Authors: Válková Hana
Published: February 2018

Physical activities and sports in winter outdoor environment are the part of spectrum of possible activities of persons with intellectual disability. Theoretical study is focused on description of winter sports related to domains: a) different approaches in Inas-FID and Special Olympics; b) survey of World Winter Games and national games of SO; c) check-list of winter sports included in World Special Olympic Games and in Czech National program; d) specific regulations of sports selection according sportsman abilities; e) „maximal effort“ regulation; f) possibilities of participation in Special Olympics, and winter sports.
Životní způsob a jeho vybrané determinanty u dětí s onkologickým onemocněním
Authors: Vyhlídal Tomáš , Ješina Ondřej , Holická Kateřina
Published: February 2018

Children and young people with oncological diseases (OD) after intensive treatment (the so-called period of remission) are a group with special needs and problems. Those are the most immediately associated with the treatment of OD. Among the return among peers after the long separation, often shy around and concern with the adoption, the formation of private persons during the period of treatment, often changing the value system, a change of lifestyle, etc. Just because the way this audience with the perspective of the determinant, which affect it as essential, is the subject of our study. The aim of our investigation is to find out and describe the specificity of particular selected determinants for future remediation of potential risks. The main research instrument is the questionnaire known as the disHBSC (“dis” means a group of people with disabilities and health handicaps; Health Behaviour of School-aged Children). We conducted a pilot survey for youth groups with the OD, which are provided by the interesting results for further processing.
Specifika a komparace přípravy vrcholových cyklistů s tělesným postižením
Authors: Zaoral Marek , Rybová Lucie , Ješina Ondřej
Published: February 2018

Road cycling is a widespread sport. Training preparation is an essential component of the system applicable in the peak of cycling. Our research is focused on the training differences of top road cyclists with disabilities and without disability. There were total 6 respondents in this research, 3 cyclists with different types of disability and 3 cyclists without disabilities with international experiences. The selection of respondents was intentional. The results are noticeable differences in the preparation of training both groups. Most obvious differences are reflected in the overall support (financial, material and team support), absence of stress testing in the groups of cyclists with disability and also in the composition of pre-season training and in the use of flexible forms of organization during training. It was also found that selected athletes with disability have a higher number of training sessions with the same volume at weekly training mode.
Životný štýl a sociálna inklúzia seniorov športovými aktivitami
Authors: Bendíková Elena , Jančoková Ľudmila , Paugschová Božena
Published: February 2018

This article presents partial results, based on the lifestyle of seniors with a focus on the particular determinants (with focus on sport activities), which belong to key social factors of the quality of life of seniors. Survey respondents were seniors from Liptovsky Mikulas city. A questionnaire was used to detect primary indicators of quality of life and lifestyle of seniors. The findings significantly showed that physical education and sport activity play an important role in maintaining social contacts, bonds, health and independence, which are particularly specific in that age of seniors from different points of view.
Chůze v evidenci pohybových aktivit osob se zrakovým postižením
Authors: Bláha Ladislav
Published: February 2018

It is more difficult in many ways to carry out physical activities for people with visual impairments. The negative trends of contemporary lifestyle related to the imbalance of energy intake and expenditure may lie on them in the increased rate. They do not have too many opportunities for the energy expenditure. The most commonly reported physical activities of people with visual impairments include walking. But its realization may be associated with a number of problems. The aim of the study was to find out the volume of everyday physical activities in comparison with the passive relaxation and to find out to which extent they are a part of everyday life of people with visual impairments. We investigated the indicators characterizing the applied physical activity and inactivity during the week among the citizens with the visual impairment in the Usti Region (n = 15) using the short version of the IPAQ questionnaire. The acquired data were converted to values MET and MET-min · week–1. In the total volume of reported activities during the week (2 967 MET-min · week–1) there is a big volume of walking (2 222 MET-min · week–1). We tried to objectify the acquired data by using pedometers and it showed low volumes of steps for selected individuals. It turns out that only a small proportion of people with visual impairments fulfil more of the medical recommended criteria. Their lifestyle may suffer from an excess of sedentary activities that may adversely affect health. We recommend supporting their activity by the presence of tracers, improvements in navigation and preparation of specific programmes. We also see the arrangements at the level of local politics.
Sociálne determinanty zdravia školákov so zdravotným postihnutím
Authors: Brindová Daniela , Kmeť Marek , Ješina Ondřej
Published: February 2018

The main objective of this paper is to present an international research project disHBSC („Health Behaviour in School Aged Children with disabilities“), which a methodology is based on international research of lifestyle of school-aged children. The aim of the new study is to deepen the understanding of health and health-related behavior among disabled school-aged children. Our interest is focused on children with the most common types of disadvantage in the population: children with visual impairments, hearing impairments, physical and mental disabilities, children with oncological disease and children with chronic diseases, which are often eliminated from the researches. Presented will be the development of protocol and research methodology modified specifically for the selected group of Czech and Slovak disabled school-aged children. It will be also described process and first outcomes of the pilot study specifically focused on two selected groups of disadvantages: intellectual disability (mental retardation) and oncological desease. Working group preparing documents for international research disHBSC includes under the coordination of the research team of the Faculty of Medicine, University of PJ Safarik in Kosice mainly partners of the Faculty of Physical Culture Palacky University in Olomouc, in collaboration with Cyril and Methodius Theological Faculty in Olomouc and partners Faculty of Education in Bratislava with the support of WHO office in Bratislava. The achievement of the objectives of the project can be sustained contribution in scientific research and knowledge and also in the health promotion of the target population of adolescents with disabilities.
Českoslovenští sportovci a jejich účast na Pershingově olympiádě
Authors: Tlustý Tomáš
Published: February 2018

The presented article deals with the participation of Czechoslovak sportsmen in Inter-Allied Games. This great sports action, which was mainly organized by the YMCA, took place in Paris in 1919 to celebrate the victorious states of WWI. From the newly founded Czechoslovakia the wrestlers, tennis players, football players, fencers and rowers took part. The Czechoslovak sportsmen achieved a lot of great results, for example the first place in football tournament. Except from comparison of results of Czechoslovak and foreign sportsmen the Inter-Allied Games had a great impact for the development of physical education and sport in interwar Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovakian participants started to cooperate with the American team coach – the Czech-American Josef Amos Pipal, who contributed to sports development in Czechoslovakia in early 1920s.
Aplikace intervenčního programu hudebně-pohybové výchovy do hodin školní tělesné výchovy na ZŠ
Authors: Doležalová Kateřina , Novotná Viléma
Published: February 2018

The aim of this paper is to present the content and results of pre research study of dissertation. Musicalmovement education is part of the curriculum of physical education lesson. Although the educational content of physical education remains essentially the same during the year, the methods and forms of teaching are more subjected on the social requirements. Existing musical-movement education is using traditional forms of teaching, which is not that attractive for students. Therefore, the aim of the study is to create the new interventional musical-movement program and verification of its effect on the level of the selected music and movement skills. The paper presents the main characteristics of the intervention program and results obtained within the pre research in secondary school. Measuring the effectiveness of the musical-movement program was implemented through tests of music-movement abilities in the group of 14 girls, students of secondary school in Prague. The tests assessing the level of rhythmic perception and rhythmic adaptability, shows no statistically significant differences in the pretest and posttest. The tests of dynamic balance and collective movement creativity demonstrate statistically significant effect. The results could be influenced by a small number of respondents. We assume, the results of music movement education will contribute to the further insights that can contribute to creating new musica- movement programs and help them with implementation in to the physical education lessons.
Komparace postojů a názorů adolescentů ve věku 15–18 let ke sportu a pohybovým aktivitám
Authors: Jansa Petr
Published: February 2018

In the article we present the research results carried out in 2015. The research was focused on recognition of adolescents’ opinions and attitudes (15–18 years of age) towards physical activities and sport from different points of view. A subtask dealt with comparing the research of compatible items resulting of the questionnaire PASA conducted in 2000 (Slepička et al., 2001). The work hypothesis assumed certain differences in the real estimates of own sporting and physical activities including the selection of practised sports. Data were analysed by the questionnaire PASA (physical activities and sport in adolescents), which was presented among adolescents at secondary schools (Grammar schools). In general, 1067 respondents were inquired, 468 of them boys and 599 girls. Regarding the results it is clear that in 2000 more than 50 % of boys aged 15 to 18 years of age did physically nothing at all or were just hardly keeping current physical condition. In 2015 only 40 %, which means improvement of about 10 % in favor of physical activities and sports among boys. As for the girls it was over 61 % (2000) and 45 % (2015), and that was a surprising improvement in favor of physical activities and sports of 16,1 %. Within the fifteen-year period, the selection of sports among boys, was almost identical. They preferred football and cycling. in the third place it was sightly different – in 2000, they preferred martial arts while in the year 2015 jogging. The girls differed more in the year 2000, the ranking was – aerobics, volleyball and cycling, but in 2015 – beach volleyball, work out (home exercise) and orienteering.
Studentské hodnocení sportovní výuky
Authors: Jůva Vladimír , Valkounová Eva
Published: February 2018

Importance of student evaluation of teaching (SET) growing currently as a response to demands of improving the quality of university education. The paper deals with SET aimed specifically at sports university education. The introduction briefly describes the concept, function and significance of SET. It also identifies selected specifics of student evaluation of university sports teaching. The empirical part of this text describes the methodological aspects and selected results of the evaluation carried out investigation and research aimed at the creation and verification tools for student evaluation of sports university teaching. The following discussion analyses selected issues that accompany this particular SET. Conclusion presents suggestions and asks other questions related to SET focused on university sports teaching.
Kde jsou výsledky, kde popis zápasů? Proměna sportovních rubrik v pondělních vydáních českých deníků
Authors: Trunečka Ondřej
Published: February 2018

The massive development of new media has influenced the traditional media, including the printed daily newspapers. Their sports sections are likely to be affected more than other parts of print media. This article describes the on-going changes and presents the results of an extensive sports journalism research project. The years 2001 and 2015 include the expansion of sports content on the Internet and the development of specialized TV channels, therefore this study analyzes how the sports sections of chosen Czech daily newspapers, MF DNES, Právo, Lidové noviny and Hospodářské noviny, have changed. It focuses on their Monday editions, which usually summarize the rich weekend program of matches, races and other events. The study proves the reduction of sports content, results and statistics, as well as demonstrates a move from pure sports reporting to other forms. This trend is evident even in instances where sports sections have been growing.
Analýza ukazatelů výkonové motivace u studentů sportovního gymnázia
Authors: Králíková Jitka
Published: February 2018

Achievement motivation is part of every performance, not just in sport. The aim was to find out what the average indicators of achievement motivation of students in sports gymnasium are and compare them with indicators of the general population, between men and women, between the youngest and oldest classes and types of sports played. For the measurement of achievement motivation has been used a standardized questionnaire achievement motivation (D-M-V). The results found that the achievement motivation among students of sports gymnasium is the average, we can find the highest motivation in athletics, achievement motivation of men and women is the same, the youngest classes show a lower level of achievement motivation compared to the oldest classes. Utility of the research is mainly for directing sports gymnasium that can improve teaching less motivated sports. Also for parents deciding between a sport offered by school or by an individual. Trainers and PE (physical education) teachers can make use in their job of the fact that achievement motivation is the same on both sexes, and they can use the same motivational methods.
Sportovní talent versus nadání
Authors: Vičar Michal
Published: February 2018

Czech kinanthropology views sports talent and giftedness as static attributes. They are considered to be a sum of predispositions within a specific sport discipline. Talent, in contrast to giftedness, denotes predispositions of a higher quality, with physical abilities playing only a minor role in both of them. This paper compares this conventional interpretation with dynamic approaches utilised in psychology and sport psychology, primarily with Gagné’s Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent and Simonton’s Emergenetic and Epigenetic Model of Talent. A new definition of terms is proposed where talent and giftedness are regarded as synonyms with appropriate physical abilities as their significant constituents. A base for a multidisciplinary holistic approach to sports talent identification and its development is thus being formed.
Stav antropometrických parametrov a telesného zloženia u detí mladšieho školského veku
Authors: Hadžega Tomáš , Bunc Václav
Published: February 2018

The aim of our observation was to measure selected anthropometric characteristics and to analyze actual body composition in children of younger school age from elementary schools in Prague. The group consisted of a total of 222 probands, boys (n-117) and girls (n-105) aged 8–11 years (average boys age = 9.0 ± 1.0 years, body height = 139.9 ± 8.6 cm, body weight = 32 ± 7.5 kg, BMI = 16.3 ± 2.4 kg.m–2). Average age girls = 8.9 ± 0.9 years, body height = 137.3 ± 8.8 cm, body weight = 30.5 ± 7.3 kg, BMI = 15.9 ± 2.4 kg.m–2). The BIA 2000 M multi-frequency apparatus (whole-body bioimpedance analysis) was used to analyze the body composition. Children of younger school age showed higher TBW values – total body water (boys 65.5 ± 6.0%, girls 66.6 ± 6.5%), low body fat (boys 16.1 ± 2.4%, girls 16.5 ± 2.9%) and higher ECM/BCM coefficients (boys 1.0 ± 0.13, girls 1.02 ± 0.11). The authors draws, attention to the importance of monitoring other body composition parameters. The percentage of fat-free mass (FFM) and the share of segmental distribution of body fat and muscle mass on individual parts of the human body.
POHYBOVÁ AKTIVITA SENIORŮ S DIAGNÓZOU DIABETES MELLITUS II. TYPU
Authors: Řepka Emil
Published: February 2018

Today’s society is confronting with a huge increase of noninfectious (affluence) diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus etc. and high prevalence of obesity and overweight. In all economically advanced countries the population is getting older. The problem of health and its determinant such as physical activity is getting more frequently not only credited term but one of the basic mainstays of healthy lifestyle too. The healthy lifestyle is one of the possible options of positive change. The Study has a descriptive character, the main aim was to analyze the volume of physical activity in seniors with diagnoses Diabetes mellitus type II. Further aim was to compare volume of physical activity between persons of different gender, age, BMI and type of disease treatment. Persons with diagnoses Diabetes mellitus type II. were involved into research sample. Research conducted on 40 respondents aged 60 to 70 years in České Budějovice from March to July 2013. Pedometers YAMAX SW-700 were used to determine the volume of physical activity. Five probands had to be excluded from the research sample due to uncompleted hebdomadal observation by pedometer. Hence, 21 women and 14 men were included into final data set. Women achieved 6132 steps/day and men achieved 6412 steps/day in the sample of persons diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus type II. According to classification Tudor-Locke and Bassett (2004), 57 % of men and 76 % of women fell into „low active“category. For people diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus type II there were not found any differences in the volume of physical activity between men and women, younger and older seniors, persons with normal weight, overweight or obesity, neither in persons with difference type of disease treatment. With respect to the findings, walking might be appropriate physical activity for persons diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus type II. Cooperation between physiotherapists, instructors of physical activity and attending physicians (practitioners, diabetologist, doctor of sports medicine) etc. is necessary and essential for long-term effect. For using the physical activity as a non-pharmacological remedy, there is important that diabetics understand the importance of physical activity and parameters which evaluated volume and intensity of physical activity
A Causal Mechanism of Policy Innovation: The Reform of Colombia’s Oil-Rents Management System
Authors: Paz Bayron , Fontaine Guillaume
Published: February 2018

This article analyzes policy innovation in Colombia, through the adoption of a new centralized oil-rent management system in 2011, after 20 years of decentralized policies. Using a policy-design framework, we identify a causal mechanism linking the opening of a policy window to policy change as a combination of the emergence of a new policy network, the adoption of a new policy paradigm and the selection of a new instruments mix. Drawing on Bayesian statistics, the 11 tests conducted on the causal mechanism show the importance of State resources of information, authority, treasury and organization to assess the outcome of policy change.
La cuestión de la violencia en la crítica de Hannah Arendt a Karl Marx
Authors: Paredes Goicochea Diego
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this article is to show that there was a significant shift in Hannah Arendt’s interpretation of the question of violence in the thought of Karl Marx. While Arendt emphasized the “basic contradiction” of violence during the study she made of Marx’s place in the tradition of the Left in the 1950s, she later employed the concepts of “development” and “dialectical movement” in order to clarify and deepen her critique of Marx’s theory about the transformation of violence. This article relates this change to the differentiation she made between violence and politics.
Estado y religión: tendencias conceptuales incidentes en la apreciación pública del fenómeno religioso
Authors: Picó Rubio Jorge Del
Published: February 2018

Based on the renewed interest in the public impact of religious practices, this article spotlights and analyzes some significant contemporary trends in the way they are seen in the public sphere which affect their legal recognition by legal systems in the West. Our analysis mainly focuses on a review of current doctrines in this area, whose influence is widely acknowledged in Latin America, and it is undertaken from a socio-legal standpoint. Among other aspects, it addresses the dominant trends in the institutional approach to religious practices, the leading role they have again assumed in the public sphere, their political-legal recognition, the place which communities of worshippers hold in secular systems, the overriding importance in legal systems of the principle of religious freedom and the status of religion in a laical State.
Effects of osmolytes and macromolecular crowders on stable GAAA tetraloops and their preference for a CG closing base pair
Authors: Leonard Kaethe N. , Blose Joshua M.
Published: February 2018

Osmolytes and macromolecular crowders have the potential to influence the stability of secondary structure motifs and alter preferences for conserved nucleic acid sequences in vivo. To further understand the cellular function of RNA we observed the effects of a model osmolyte, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200, and a model macromolecular crowding agent, PEG 8000, on the GAAA tetraloop motif. GAAA tetraloops are conserved, stable tetraloops, and are critical participants in RNA tertiary structure. They also have a thermodynamic preference for a CG closing base pair. The thermal denaturation of model hairpins containing GAAA loops was monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy in the presence and absence of PEG 200 or PEG 8000. Both of the cosolutes tested influenced the thermodynamic preference for a CG base pair by destabilizing the loop with a CG closing base pair relative to the loop with a GC closing base pair. This result also extended to a related DNA triloop, which provides further evidence that the interactions between the loop and closing base pair are identical for the d(GCA) triloop and the GAAA tetraloop. Our results suggest that in the presence of model PEG molecules, loops with a GC closing base pair may retain some preferential interactions with the cosolutes that are lost in the presence of the CG closing base pair. These results reveal that relatively small structural changes could influence how neutral cosolutes tune the stability and function of secondary structure motifs in vivo.
A new slider turtle (Testudines: Emydidae: Deirochelyinae:Trachemys) from the late Hemphillian (late Miocene/early Pliocene) of eastern Tennessee and the evolution of the deirochelyines
Authors: Jasinski Steven E.
Published: February 2018

Trachemys(Testudines: Emydidae) represents one of the most well-known turtle genera today. The evolution ofTrachemys, while being heavily documented with fossil representatives, is not well understood. Numerous fossils from the late Hemphillian Gray Fossil Site (GFS) in northeastern Tennessee help to elucidate its evolution. The fossilTrachemysat the GFS represent a new species. The new taxon,Trachemys haugrudi, is described, and currently represents the most thoroughly described fossil emydid species known. A phylogenetic analysis, including 31 species, focusing on the subfamily Deirochelyinae is performed that includes the new fossil species, along with numerous other modern and fossil deirochelyine species, representing the first phylogenetic analysis published that includes several fossil deirochelyines. The phylogenetic analysis, utilizing morphological evidence, provides monophyletic clades of all modern deirochelyines, includingChrysemys,Deirochelys,Pseudemys,Malaclemys,Graptemys, andTrachemys. A strict consensus tree finds the recently described fossil speciesGraptemys kernerito be part of a clade ofGraptemys+Malaclemys. Three fossil taxa, including one previously referred toPseudemys(Pseudemys caelata) and two toDeirochelys(Deirochelys carriandDeirochelys floridana) are found to form a clade with modernDeirochelys reticularia reticularia, withD. floridanasister to the other members of the clade.Chrysemysis found to be part of a basal polytomy withDeirochelysin relation to other deirochelyine taxa. Two fossil taxa previously referred toChrysemys(Chrysemys timidaandChrysemys williamsi) form a paraphyly with the modernChrysemys picta pictaandDeirochelys, and may be referable to distinct genera. Additionally, fossil taxa previously attributed toTrachemys(Trachemys hillii,Trachemys idahoensis,Trachemys inflata, andTrachemys platymarginata) andT. haugrudiare found to form a clade separate from clades of northern and southernTrachemysspecies, potentially suggesting a distinct lineage ofTrachemyswith no modern survivors. Hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships mostly agree between the present study and previous ones, although the inclusion of fossil taxa provides further clues to the evolution of parts of the Deirochelyinae. The inclusion of more fossil taxa and characters may help resolve the placement of some taxa, and further elucidate the evolution of these New World turtles.