bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cult of Saints (Awliya) and Pilgrims in Social Networks (Based on the Materials of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia)
Authors: Tuzbekov Ainur , Akhatov Albert
Published: August 2024

The article analyses the practice of pilgrimages to the graves of awliya (Islamic saints) in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The authors propose that pilgrims should be studied as a distinct socio-cultural group using the methods of online research. In the course of the research, digital netnography methods were applied by scientists to study the internet group “Sufi RB”, created and moderated by the followers of the Naqshbandiyya Haqqani Tariqah. The results of the study of pilgrims as a socio-cultural group using digital netnography methods, supplemented with the results of field surveys, indicate that this approach is effective and provide a basis for its use in scientific research.
Pagan Customs of the Veleti According to Notker Labeo
Authors: Kutarev Oleg Vladislavovich
Published: August 2024

The article studies a literary fragment written by Notker Labeo around 1000 in Old High German, which mentions a strange cannibalistic custom of the Slavs. This fragment had almost been forgotten by scholars of pre-Christian Slavic culture. It is a commentary on Notker’s translation of De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii by Martianus Capella, which was considerably influenced by a certain literary tradition. The paper looks into Notker’s sources, his influences and the trustworthiness of his evidence.
Shattering Glass Ceilings
Authors: Somani Pritesh Pradeep
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores the burgeoning phenomenon of women entrepreneurship, highlighting its rise and undeniable influence on the business landscape. Traditionally faced with the metaphorical “glass ceiling” in corporate structures, women are increasingly taking the reins and forging their own paths to success. This chapter delves into the factors driving this trend, examining how women are overcoming challenges and establishing themselves as powerful forces in diverse industries. The chapter explores the impact of women entrepreneurs, not just on their own ventures but on the broader business ecosystem. It examines how their unique perspectives and leadership styles are shaping new business models and driving innovation. Additionally, the chapter sheds light on the role women entrepreneurs play in inspiring and empowering the next generation of female leaders. In conclusion, “Shattering Glass Ceilings” paints a compelling picture of the rise of women entrepreneurship, emphasizing its transformative impact on the world of business.
Exploring Innovative and Alternative Liquidity Management Instruments for Islamic Banks in the Republic of Tajikistan
Authors: Ikromovich Nazarov Ilhomiddin , Hassan Rusni
Published: August 2024

Every transaction or commitment by a bank has implications for its liquidity, making it essential to be managed effectively. This study focuses on the liquidity management practices of Islamic banks in the Republic of Tajikistan, and explores the need for innovative and efficient Shariah-compliant liquidity management instruments. There are limited liquidity management instruments available for Islamic banks in the country that require additional measures due to their unique characteristics and requirements. The study employed semi-structured interviews with local and international experts and a library research method. The research proposed a comprehensive Shariah compliant liquidity management program, identified potential liquidity problems, suggested innovative alternative liquidity instruments, and restructured liquidity management on both liability and asset sides. The study is expected to assist Islamic banks, enrich the literature about liquidity management instruments, and be a cornerstone for conducting more research in this area.
Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Decision
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , González-Ávila Francisco J. , Vargas-Gonzàlez Omar C.
Published: August 2024

This study is aimed to analyze the relationships between the variables entrepreneurship ecosystem decision-policy making and strategic framework. It departs from the assumption that a decision policy-making and strategic based on an analysis of regional weaknesses and opportunities for entrepreneurship ecosystems assumes a broader contribution to socio-economic and environmental development beyond that patenting, licensing, and start-up creation. The method used is the meta-analytical, descriptive, and reflective based on conceptual, theoretical, and empirical literature review. The study concludes that a decision policy making and strategic framework contributes to creating, developing, and strengthening regional entrepreneurship ecosystems.
Performance of Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Activities
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , González Ávila Francisco J. , Rodriguez-Maillard Carlos , Barrientos-Lujàn Jannet M. , Vargas-Gonzàlez Omar C.
Published: August 2024

This study aims to analyze the relationships between entrepreneurship ecosystem activities with the entrepreneurship performance. It departs from the assumption that the concept entrepreneurial ecosystem activities are the objective output, value creation and outcome that lead to entrepreneurship performance. The method used is the meta-analytical, reflective, and descriptive as the result of the conceptual, theoretical, and empirical literature review. The analysis concludes that the entrepreneurship ecosystem activities have influential relationships with the entrepreneurship ecosystem performance.
Business Intelligence and Blockchain in Entrepreneurship
Authors: Ayyaswamy Kathirvel , Naren A. K. , Santhoshi B.
Published: August 2024

By 2027, the blockchain market will have a valuation of 163 billion US dollars. In fact, a firm may find it too much to comprehend and use the technology that has taken off. Blockchain is a distributed database that is shared by multiple system nodes. The reason it is named Blockchain is that it gathers data in encrypted blocks that are connected to other sets of blocks to create a virtual chain. The development of numerous cryptocurrencies, dApp monetization smart personal contracts, decentralized finance apps (Defi), and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) preceded general adoption of the blockchain concept. blockchain technology (BT) is digital money, which increases in value every hour by a factor of bigger than its previous worth. Even though blockchain's widespread appeal has been confined to its role in the development of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, a number of other applications are currently being developed steadily. This demonstrates the promise of decentralized technology and the undeniable influence of blockchain on business across many industries.
From Start-Up to Scale-Up Leadership Dynamics in Entrepreneurial Ventures
Authors: Chandratreya Abhijit
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores the critical role of leadership dynamics in the journey of entrepreneurial ventures from start-up to scale-up. Drawing upon insights from organizational psychology, leadership theory, and real-world examples, it examines the evolving leadership challenges and strategies that entrepreneurs face as their ventures transition through different growth phases. Key topics include leadership styles, team dynamics, decision-making processes, organizational culture, and strategic adaptation. By elucidating the complexities of leadership in entrepreneurial contexts, this chapter aims to provide valuable insights for aspiring and practicing entrepreneurs, enabling them to successfully navigate the intricacies of scaling their ventures.
Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Mohana Sundari V. , Shriya K. , Seshasai Saladi Jaswanth
Published: August 2024

This study explores how social entrepreneurship can improve communities and tackle social issues. It looks at how social entrepreneurs use new ideas to create positive changes and make communities stronger. The research considers factors like having enough resources, supportive policies, community involvement, using new technology, and how resilient communities are. By using statistical analysis, it shows how these factors are connected and how they affect social entrepreneurship. The study finds that having more resources and supportive policies helps social entrepreneurs succeed, leading to more community involvement and innovation. This research provides useful ideas for supporting social entrepreneurship, which can make a big difference in society and community well-being.
Outcomes Of Cardiac Arrests in ICU Patents with COVID-19: A Single Centre Study From Sri Lanka
Authors: Ratnayake A. , Rajapakse A. , Kumarihamy P. , Wijesena N. , Dissanayake H. , Sandaru G. L. G. , Bandara H. M. C. D. , Morel N. S.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Cardiac arrests (CA) in patients with COVID-19 carry poor prognoses in hospital (1). In ICUs, CAs are witnessed arrests and it is a better place to study the clinical details of CA to improve outcomes. This study is to assess the incidence, clinical details, and details related to CAs in a single centre in Sri Lanka.Methodology: A retrospective study was done at a COVID-designated ICU in Base Hospital- Teldeniya, Sri Lanka from the 1st January to the 31st December 2021. All patients who suffered CAs were included in the study. Details related to disease severity, comorbid disease and CA were collected using a Performa and analysed using SPSS software. Results: 202 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to the ICU during the period. 92 patients suffered CAs and out of them, 60 were unexpected. 51.08% were male and 48.91% were female, in the cardiac arrest group. 67% of patients suffered more than two co-morbid diseases. Non-shockable rhythms were the commonest and the commonest cause of CA is hypoxaemia. Out of the 60 patients who suffered unexpected CAs in ICU, only 2 patients survived. Conclusion: Despite having a controlled environment in the ICU, this cohort's outcome of cardiac arrest resuscitation was poor.
Study On Cubital Vein Dimensions of Patients Presenting for Dialysis Access Surgeries to A Single Unit in Sri Lanka: An Imaging-Based Study
Authors: Arudchelvam J. , Rajiev B. J. , Gurusamy K.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: There are many patients with chronic kidney disease in need of renal replacement therapy (RRT) at present in Sri Lanka. Main mode of RRT is haemodialysis through an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The diameter of the veins used for the AVF is important for its success. This study focuses on the dimensions of cubital veins. Methodology: This is a prospective study done at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka Colombo (NHSL) from June to July 2020. Patients referred for AVFs were included. Data on patients’ age, gender, height, dominant hand, and diameters of the veins were collected. The diameters were measured at elbow crease using ultrasound scan. Results: Sixty-seven patients were included with 34 (50.7%) females. Mean age was 44.63 years (interquartile range [IQR] 50.0-57.5). The mean diameters of the cephalic vein (CV) and the basilic vein (BV) were 3.57mm (IQR 2.6 - 4.25) and 3.36mm (IQR 4.0 - 3.98). The mean diameters of the median cubital vein (MC) and the median basilic vein (MB) were 4.95 mm (IQR 3.45 - 6.3) and 3.54 mm (IQR 2.7- 4.25). The MC diameter was significantly larger than CV and BV diameters (p=0. 0001). The mean diameter difference of CV and BV of patients less than or more than 158 cm height were not statistically significant (p=0.29 and 0.16). Discussion: Guidelines recommend a vein diameter of 2.5 mm for a successful AVF creation. The best way to assess the diameter is the ultrasound imaging. This study shows that the diameter of the veins around the elbow varies. Therefore, imaging of the veins is essential prior to AVF creation.
Hair Fall: Exposed
Authors: Rupasinghe S. D. , Abeysinghe D.
Published: August 2024

No abstract available
Injectable agents for the induction of Peyronie’s disease in model rats: a comparative study
Authors: Du Guang-Jun , Xing Si-Yan , Wu Ning , Wang Tong , Jiang Yue-Hui , Song Tao , Yang Bai-Bing , Dai Yu-Tian
Published: August 2024

Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a disorder characterized by fibrous plaque formation in the penile tissue that leads to curvature and complications in advanced stages. In this study, we aimed to compare four injectable induction agents for the establishment of a robust rat model of PD: transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibrin, sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) combined with TGF-β1, and polidocanol (POL) combined with TGF-β1. The results showed that injection of TGF-β1 or fibrin into the tunica albuginea induced pathological endpoints without causing penile curvature. The STS + TGF-β1 combination resulted in both histological and morphological alterations, but with a high incidence of localized necrosis that led to animal death. The POL + TGF-β1 combination produced pathological changes and curvature comparable to STS + TGF-β1 and led to fewer complications. In conclusion, fibrin, STS + TGF-β1, and POL + TGF-β1 all induced PD with a certain degree of penile curvature and histological fibrosis in rats. The POL + TGF-β1 combination offered comparatively greater safety and clinical relevance and may have the greatest potential for PD research using model rats.
Female Anorectal Malformation with Genitourinary Prolapse
Authors: Sinha Amit Kumar , Kumar Amit , Rashi  , Ali Md. Mokarram , Kumar Bindey
Published: August 2024

Genitourinary prolapse in newborn females as an introital mass is an uncommon entity. The usual causative mechanisms are poor pelvic innervation, damage or pressure on pelvic musculature and ligaments etc. Different methods of reduction as treatment were proposed in the past. Apart from uncommon occurrence of genitourinary prolapse in newborns, its association with anorectal malformation is not reported in English literature after searching on PubMed and Google Scholar. We report three cases of genitourinary prolapse with anorectal malformation in newborn females where decompressing colostomy was curative for the condition reflecting increased intra-abdominal pressure as causative mechanism.
Difficult Removal of a Stuck Chemoport Catheter of a Paediatric Patient in Post-Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Era – Management Strategies and Literature Review
Authors: Sen Chuah Jun , Cheng Yoong Chee
Published: August 2024

A chemoport is widely used in paediatric oncology population. Removal is a relatively easy procedure, but difficulty can be encountered in case the catheter is densely adherent to the vascular wall. It is a rare complication and is associated with long indwelling duration and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Forceful traction can lead to vascular injury and high morbidity. Herein, we report a 7-year-old girl with precursor B ALL who had delayed chemoport removal due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The removal process was difficult, as the catheter was adherent to the right innominate vein. Out of panic, the surgeon pulled it out forcefully. Fortunately, the catheter and its fragment were successfully retrieved completely and the child was discharged the next day. The management strategy varies and ranges from minimally invasive to open surgery. Leaving a stuck chemoport catheter in situ can be a bailout method or part of conservative management.
Acute Appendicitis in Children in the Era of Covid-19
Authors: Fadhle Muhamed Jassim , Al-Mayoof Ali Farooq
Published: August 2024

Background

Abdominal pain is a common complaint encountered by paediatric surgeons. This complaint could be related to surgical or non-surgical causes. With coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the incidence of abdominal pain has increased and mimicked acute appendicitis in paediatric patients.

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric acute appendicitis in terms of demographic data (age and sex), and operative findings, specifically, the complicated appendicitis and negative appendectomy rates.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective cohort study reviewed the records of children aged 5–15 years, who were diagnosed with acute appendicitis and underwent surgery between January 2018 and December 2021. The patients were divided into pre-pandemic and pandemic groups. Demographic, operative and histopathological findings were compared between the two groups.

Results

A significant increase in the incidence of acute abdominal pain amongst the admitted children (39.8% vs. 32.7%, P < 0.0001) and a significant decrease in the incidence of acute appendicitis (27% vs. 33%, P < 0.013) were observed in the pandemic group. An associated non-significant increase in the rates of complicated appendicitis (30% vs. 26%, P = 0.299) and negative appendectomy (5.8% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.359) was noted. During the pandemic period, no statistically significant differences were found between polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive and PCR-negative patients in complicated appendicitis or negative appendectomy rates (30% vs. 29.7%, P = 0.841, and 6.7% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.424, respectively).

Conclusion

COVID-19 is associated with an increased incidence of acute abdominal pain in children but a decreased rate of acute appendicitis. The latter tends to present at a younger age than usual. The rates of complicated appendicitis and negative appendectomy increased but were not significantly affected by the pandemic or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection status.
Predictors of clozapine efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A cross-sectional analysis of sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, and electrophysiological EEG changes
Authors: Asif Sumaila , Pattnaik Jigyansa Ipsita , Debata Ipsita , Das Sudipta Kumar , Ravan Jayaprakash Russell , Samantaray Swayanka , Swain Ramakant
Published: August 2024

Context:

Although neuroleptics are available for treating schizophrenia, patient compliance with treatment remains a major hurdle. Such patients turn into treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) where clozapine can be prescribed, but it causes severe side effects. Many markers can predict favorable responses to clozapine therapy.

Aims:

To assess sociodemographic, clinical, electrophysiological, and biochemical parameters among TRS patients and to evaluate the difference between TRS patients with and without response to clozapine.

Settings and Design:

A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 2 years from October 31, 2020, to November 1, 2022, in the Psychiatry Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Odisha.

Materials and Methods:

All patients visiting the Psychiatry Department of a tertiary care hospital, diagnosed with International Classification of Diseases schizophrenia were screened for TRS as per modified Kane’s criteria. The assessed parameters were compared using the Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale of Schizophrenia, and Clinical Global Impressions scale.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were compiled and analyzed using IBM corporation’s Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 27.

Results:

Thirty-one eligible patients consented to the study, with 21 (67.7%) females and 10 (32.3%) males. Maximum, 17 (54.8%), belonged to 18–35 years of age. The biochemical parameters, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and triglycerides (TGs) had mean values of 94.56 (±6.6) mg/dL and 157 (±9.8) mg/dL, respectively. Gross electroencephalogram abnormalities were seen in 3 (10%) cases.

Conclusions:

The female gender, higher education, and a shorter duration of untreated psychosis predicted a better outcome. The patients showing good responses had higher trends in FBS and TGs at follow-up. Clozapine was associated with increased electrophysiological intra- and interhemispheric asymmetry.
A rare case series on hypertensive encephalopathy manifesting as psychosis
Authors: Pasupula Sai Kiran , Kolli Katyayani , Vandanapu Naveen , Jyothi Neeli Uma
Published: August 2024

Hypertensive encephalopathy is a rare condition which is a clinically and radiologically diagnosed disorder. It usually presents in known hypertensive cases among young- and middle-aged adults. Although it presents with altered consciousness and other multisystem manifestations, symptoms of psychosis are rarely seen; management of the disorder is proper blood pressure control. Now, we present two cases of de novo hypertension and a case of chronic hypertension with no history of psychiatric illness and presented with symptoms of irritability, confusion, and hallucinations. To our knowledge, these are the few case reports showing psychosis in hypertensive patients presented with hypertensive encephalopathy.

Categories: Internal Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology
A report on gray matter heterotopias and neuropsychiatric manifestation: A bleary phenomenon
Authors: Veeraraghavan Vishnupriya
Published: August 2024

Malformations of the cortical system are associated with many neuropsychiatric manifestations. Gray matter heterotopia is a neuronal migration disorder characterized by the presence of normal gray matter neurons and glial cells, which are abnormally located in clusters within areas of white matter. Neurological manifestations such as seizure disorder, specific learning disability, intellectual disability, and stroke are the most common presentations. Psychiatric manifestations such as schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression although more common yet underreported or masked. Here, we present the report of a 17-year-old female with subependymal heterotopias, poor academic performance, and seizure disorder presenting with panic attacks.
Adrenal pheochromocytoma masquerading as a hydatid cyst: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Saxena Mehul , Roy Shubhajeet , Gaurav Kushagra , Anand Akshay , Rana Chanchal , Sonkar Abhinav Arun
Published: August 2024

Hydatid cysts, caused by Echinococcus larval infections, are common in certain regions. In an unusual medical case, a 26-year-old female with a hydatid cyst was unexpectedly found to have an adrenal pheochromocytoma, a rare tumour producing catecholamines. She initially complained of persistent, non-specific right upper abdominal pain. Imaging revealed a cystic lesion resembling a hydatid cyst. During surgery, unexpected arrhythmia and electrocardiographic changes led to the suspicion of acute coronary syndrome, halting the procedure. Further investigation revealed elevated urinary metanephrine levels and a suspicious soft-tissue mass, resulting in laparoscopic right adrenalectomy with hypertensive spikes. The patient was successfully managed, and post-operative examination confirmed the adrenal pheochromocytoma. Hydatid cysts usually present with non-specific symptoms and are diagnosed through imaging. Similarly, diagnosing cystic pheochromocytomas is challenging without typical symptoms, potentially leading to intraoperative complications. Misdiagnosed cases can result in hypertensive crises and hypotension, requiring specific management. Due to their variable presentation and rarity, pheochromocytomas are often misdiagnosed.
Determinants of Morbidities and Occupational Hazards among Scuba Divers in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Vincent Vivin , Ramakrishnan Kalyani , Singh Shivshankar , Shanmugam Jeevithan
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Occupational health hazards pose significant risks in unique work environments such as scuba diving. This investigation aims to assess health profiles and occupational health determinants among scuba instructors in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among certified scuba instructors in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands during 2022–2023 by using a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Ethical approval was granted by the institutional ethical committee.

Results:

The study population comprised 423 male instructors with a mean age of 26.24 ± 4.71 years. They averaged 9 ± 5.2 years of diving experience and 4 ± 3.86 years as instructors. Physical injury underwater was the most prevalent hazard, experienced by 10.4% of participants. There was a positive correlation between the instructors’ knowledge of health and safety and their years of experience.

Conclusion:

The scuba instructors displayed elevated levels of anxiety and depression, likely due to the high risks associated with their job.
Training and Education for Dental Professionals on Tobacco Cessation
Authors: Rani Vishakha , Khosla Ritesh , Sharma Rohini , Kunsi Somanath R. , Chandran Thara , Ali Anzil K. S.
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Tobacco use remains a major public health issue, contributing to numerous oral and systemic diseases. Dental professionals are in a unique position to offer tobacco cessation support, yet many lack adequate training and education in this area. This study evaluates the impact of a comprehensive training program on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental professionals regarding tobacco cessation.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 150 dental professionals from various dental clinics participated in a six-month training program. The program included workshops, online modules, and practical sessions focused on tobacco cessation techniques, motivational interviewing, and patient education. Pre- and post-training surveys were administered to assess changes in knowledge, confidence, and frequency of tobacco cessation counseling. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and Chi-square tests.

Results:

The training program significantly improved the participants’ knowledge of tobacco cessation (mean score increased from 60% to 85%, P < 0.001) and their confidence in providing cessation counseling (mean confidence rating increased from 3.2 to 4.5 on a 5-point scale, P < 0.001). Additionally, the frequency of tobacco cessation interventions in dental practices increased by 40% post-training (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Comprehensive training and education programs can substantially enhance the ability of dental professionals to support tobacco cessation. Such initiatives not only improve the knowledge and confidence of dental practitioners but also lead to more frequent and effective tobacco cessation interventions in clinical practice.
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students and Staffs in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alam Mohammad Mahtab
Published: August 2024

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to increase the anxiety levels of university stakeholders. In view of COVID-19 fast transmission nature, life-threatening consequences and to follow preventive guidelines academic institutions have transformed their traditional classroom teaching into online mode. Directives of online teaching, learning, and evaluation with COVID-19 preventive guidelines create havoc among university students and teaching and nonteaching employees (staffs). These two factors together generate unendurable psychological pressure on university students and staffs.

Aims and Objectives:

The study aims to examine and quantify the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic among university students and staffs in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

Data were collected from five Public universities in the southern region of Saudi Arabia using cluster sampling. A close-ended structured questionnaire was drafted using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 instruments. A total of 1134 responses were received, and 1005 were included.

Results:

The results of the study indicated that one-fourth (25.2%) of participants experienced a mild level of anxiety followed by a moderate level of anxiety (18.7%) and a severe level of anxiety (6.4%). The anxiety levels were statistically insignificant from age, gender, universities, area of study or courses, and friends or relatives with COVID-19 symptoms. Moreover, significant protective factors against experienced anxiety included being married (odds ratio [OR]=0.444, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.315–0.624), staying with parents or family (OR = 0.195, 95% CI = 0.213–0.595), and spending more time in exercise (OR = 0.987, 95% CI = 0.674–1.579) were significant protective factors against experienced anxiety while suspected cases in neighbor (OR = 0.145, 95% CI = 0.070–0.300) and smoking (OR = 0.654, 95% CI = 0.070–0.300) were statistically insignificant protective factors against experienced anxiety.

Conclusions:

Economic influence, restricted lifestyle, and annoying academic pressure were significantly linked with anxiety while social support was insignificant with the level of anxiety. The psychological health of university students and staffs should be supervised during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Urinary Incontinence in Southern Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alamri Abdulaziz , Alqahtani Mohammed , Asiri Khalid , Albagami Saad , Hassan Bahaeldin Ahmed , Alhumaid Rawa M. , Alharbi Amer , Safar Omar , Khan Muhammad Abid
Published: August 2024

Background:

Besides knowing the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI), it is also vital to know its risk factors and how many patients will seek treatment. UI affects women’s quality of life considerably, but the severity and impact on quality of life differ significantly. Postpartum urinary incontinence (p-UI) reported a wide range ranging from 3% to 40%. It is essential to estimate the prevalence of postpartum incontinence accurately.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study of consented females of childbearing age with previous delivery and complaints of p-UI from August to December 2022. Experts developed a questionnaire form after a literature review of similar articles. Data have been collected from attendants of obstetrics and gynecology departments at three leading hospitals in the region after obtaining consent for direct interviews and answering the questionnaire.

Results:

One hundred and seventy-six females with UI agreed to be included in the study. Participants age ranged from 18 to 50 years old, with a mean of 32.1 ± 6.8 years. Of 103 (58.5%) had previous 1–3 deliveries and 33 (18.8%) had previous deliveries of 6 times or more. The most reported type of delivery was normal vaginal delivery (NVD) among 115 (65.3%), whereas 24 (13.6%) had both NVD and cesarean section. Exact 44.3% of the females complained of urinary frequency. Furthermore, 37.5% felt an urgent need to empty the bladder, and 35.2% had frequent lower abdomen pain. Urgency was reported by 34.1% of the females, and 26.7% complained of experiencing a minimal amount of urinary incontinence (urine drops).

Conclusions:

The prevalence of p-UI about one-third of the participants in southern Saudi Arabia with mixed UI was the most common type. Moreover, old age, multiparity, and high BMI were significant risk factors.
Microsurgical Management of Nonsurgical Endodontically Treated Fiasco in Natural Permanent Upper Molar Tooth – A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Sindi Abdulelah Sameer
Published: August 2024

The maxillary first permanent molar presents wide anatomical alterations for root number and their respective canal system. The medial root (mesiobuccal) specifically has been invariably associated to treatment failures when nonsurgical endodontic procedures have been solely carried out. In endodontic treatments, the decision to retreat the failed endodontic treatment with a surgical procedure depends on multiple factors. Evidence about the enduring prognosis of conventional retreatment (nonsurgical) comparative to invasive surgery (root end) remains questionable which requires additional scrutiny. The present case report presents a case of a patient (female, age 53 years) who presented with agony in relation to the maxillary first molar (left-sided) abutment of a four-unit fixed partial denture. Routine endodontic treatment was performed for the affected tooth which showed evidence of failure at 6-month follow-up intervals. Surgical intervention as part of the desired treatment was undertaken with the sealing of the canals done by Portland cement-based repair material. A pursual (6 months) after apicoectomy showed a complete rebuilding of the lateral apical region with freshly laid bone and a complete symptom-free patient. This clinical case report is directed to highlight the prospect of nonconservative clinical procedures once a noninvasive approach produces less anticipated results.
Assessment of Parental Awareness and Knowledge Regarding Testicular Torsion in the Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alamri Abdulaziz , Al-Hunaif Aljohrah M. , Asiri Nouf A. , Al-Ghanim Ahmed Gubran , Al-Kasi Lujain Yahya S. , Khan Muhammad Abid , Mallick Ayaz Khurram
Published: August 2024

Background:

Testicular torsion (TT) is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention to prevent testicular injury. It is crucial for parents to be aware of this condition, as early recognition and timely medical attention can significantly improve the outcome for affected individuals. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of TT among parents in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia using a survey-based approach.

Methods:

The survey included questions about the participants’ awareness of TT, its symptoms, risk factors, and recommended management. The findings of the study revealed a significant lack of parental awareness and knowledge regarding TT in the Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia.

Results:

The survey showed that 62.9% of parents were unsure and unable to differentiate a normal testicle. However, the majority (82.0%) believed that society needs to be more aware of TT and 75.6% expressed concern about the possibility of their child experiencing TT.

Conclusion:

Efforts should be made to educate parents about the condition, its symptoms, and the importance of timely intervention to prevent testicular damage. Increasing awareness can lead to early recognition and appropriate medical care, reducing the risk of complications associated with TT.
Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of Myrtus communis Leaf Extract and Its Effect in Association with Antifungal Drugs against Trichosporon mucoides and Cryptococcus humicola
Authors: Mir Mushtaq Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Background:

Since the past decade, there has been a significant rise in invasive infections by Trichosporon and nonneoformans cryptococcus species, especially in immunocompromised patients having hematological malignancies. These infections, usually associated with the use of indwelling devices, are difficult to cure because of the resistance to standard antifungal agents and the formation of biofilms on indwelling devices. The long-term use of antimicrobials adds to the severity of the disease.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate the antifungal and antibiofilm properties of ethanolic leaf extract of Myrtus communis against Trichosporon mucoides and Cryptococcus humicola and evaluate the impact of the extract on the efficacy of the common antifungal medications such as fluconazole and nystatin.

Materials and Methods:

Agar well diffusion method and microplate dilution methods were used to determine the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Crystal violet and microplate alamarBlue methods were used to investigate the biofilm formation and growth kinetics of the fungi. A checkboard assay was used to determine the combined effect of M. communis extract and standard antifungal agents against these fungal strains.

Results:

The M. communis leaf extract inhibited the planktonic and biofilm growth of both the fungal strains T. mucoides and C. humicola with MIC of 78 μg/ml and MFIC of 19.5 μg/ml. The zone of inhibition for T. mucoides and C. humicola was found to be 22 mm and 23 mm, respectively. The growth inhibition in both the strains was dose dependent, with more growth inhibition at 2 × MIC than at MIC. The extract showed synergistic activity in association with fluconazole, while in association with nystatin its activity was indifferent for both the strains tested.

Conclusion:

The bioactives of ethanolic M. communis leaf extract possess a strong antifungal activity and could inhibit the growth of fungal cells entrenched in biofilm matrix. Purification and evaluation of compounds for antifungal activity need to be explored.
Second-Trimester Uterine Rupture Following Medical Termination of Pregnancy Using Misoprostol: A Case from Abha, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almanie Norah I.
Published: August 2024

Spontaneous uterine rupture is an uncommon complication of pregnancy that can result in the extrusion of the amniotic sac and fetal parts through the uterine defect, placental abruption, and major bleeding in the mother. Medical termination using misoprostol and mifepristone has become a common practice in inducing abortion, which may lead to uterine rupture, having serious repercussions for both the mother and the fetus. Here, we report the case of a young grand multiparous woman who suffered uterine rupture consequent to the medical termination of the malformed fetus in the second trimester. This case underlines the importance of detailed obstetric history and a high degree of suspicion toward any atypical presentation or response to drugs. Where clear management guidelines are not available, for example, in cases of grand multiparity, multiple CS or scarred uterus, lower doses of misoprostol, or surgical intervention should be considered for termination of pregnancy. This case served as a deflection point in revising the hospital policy on second-trimester abortion. Another important takeaway message is the lack of awareness about reproductive health and family planning which begs the attention of policymakers in the region.
Intestinal Parasitic Infections May Be Overlooked Drivers of the Tuberculosis Pandemic
Authors: Steel Lili B. , Narasimhan Prakash Babu , Chaudhari Megha , Dauphinais Madolyn R. , Huang Samantha , Beall Kaley , Carwile Madeline E. , Cintron Chelsie , Du Xinyi , Heysell Scott K. , Lakshminarayanan Subitha , Singh Urvashi B. , Sinha Pranay
Published: August 2024

The burden of tuberculosis (TB) is disproportionate in tropical and subtropical regions, where parasitic coinfections are common. Given the significant geographical overlap between TB and intestinal parasitic infections, it is important to consider the implications of intestinal parasitic infections for the TB pandemic. Intestinal parasitic infections have been theorized to increase vulnerability to TB by altering the inflammatory milieu, inducing undernutrition that blunts the immune response, and affecting drug pharmacokinetics. In this perspective piece, we provide a background of the epidemiological and immunological evidence that links parasitic infections to increased risk of TB progression and worse treatment outcomes. We also identify gaps in our knowledge and call for increased research on TB-parasitic coinfections to ensure action on a potentially widespread TB comorbidity.
The Angiopoietin–Tie-2 Axis in Children and Young Adults with Dengue Virus Infection in the Philippines
Authors: Mishra Hridesh , Ngai Michelle , Crowley Valerie M. , Tran Vanessa , Painaga Maria Salome Siose , Gaite James Yared , Hamilton Patrick , Kain Kevin C. , Hawkes Michael T.
Published: August 2024

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is associated with plasma leakage, which may progress to shock. The angiopoietin (Ang)–tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain 2 (Tie-2) axis regulates endothelial permeability. We examined the clinical utility of Ang-1, Ang-2, and the Ang-2-to-Ang-1 ratio for prediction of progression to severe DENV in a prospective cohort study of children and young adults (age 1 to <26 years) with DENV infection. Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie-2 were measured at presentation to an outpatient clinic in the Philippines from stored plasma by multiplex Luminex® assay. Patients were followed prospectively to document the clinical course (hospitalization, length of stay, intravenous fluid resuscitation, and transfer to a higher level facility). We included 244 patients (median age 9 years, 40% female). At presentation, 63 patients (26%) had uncomplicated dengue, 179 (73%) had dengue with warning signs, and 2 (0.82%) had severe dengue. One hundred eighty-one patients (74%) were hospitalized. Ang-1 levels were lower and Ang-2 higher in patients who required hospitalization. Ang-2-to-Ang-1 ratio >1 was associated with a relative risk of hospitalization of 1.20 (95% CI: 1.03–1.36, P = 0.016). A higher Ang-2-to-Ang-1 ratio was associated with longer length of hospital stay, higher frequency of transfer to a higher level facility, larger intravenous fluid requirement, hemoconcentration, and thrombocytopenia. Angiopoietin-2 was correlated with procalcitonin (Kendall’s τ = 0.17, P = 0.00012), a marker of systemic inflammation, as well as soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (τ = 0.22, P <0.0001) and Endoglin (τ = 0.14, P = 0.0017), markers of endothelial activation. In conclusion, altered Ang-2-to-Ang-1 ratio can be detected early in the course of DENV infection and predicts clinically meaningful events (hospitalization, length of stay, and fluid resuscitation).
Asymptomatic Leishmania Infection among Blood Donors in a Southern Province of Thailand
Authors: Piyaraj Phunlerd , Bualert Lertwut , Kalrat Areerat , Leelayoova Saovanee , Ruang-areerate Toon , Theprin Nisaichol , Naaglor Tawee , Mungthin Mathirut
Published: August 2024

Leishmaniasis poses significant public health challenges in endemic regions. Understanding the prevalence of asymptomatic Leishmania infection and identifying risk factors among blood donors is crucial. This study addressed a knowledge gap by evaluating the prevalence of asymptomatic Leishmania infection and pinpointing associated risk factors among blood donors in an endemic area in Thailand and aimed to enhance blood donation safety protocols and reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted Leishmania infection. A cross-sectional study and a longitudinal follow-up were conducted among 500 blood donors in Trang Province, southern Thailand. A serological test was performed using the direct agglutination test (DAT), and DNA detection was performed using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) to screen for Leishmania infection. Potential risk factors associated with the infection were also assessed. The study identified a 19.0% prevalence of asymptomatic Leishmania infection among blood donors, with nPCR proving more effective in detecting infections (13.0%) than DAT (6.4%). Notably, Leishmania martiniquensis was the predominant species identified, highlighting the local epidemiological profile of Leishmania infection. Furthermore, using multivariate analysis, living in stilt houses was independently associated with Leishmania infection (adjusted odds ratio = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.04–3.28; P = 0.035). A high prevalence of asymptomatic Leishmania infection among blood donors underscores the need for integrating comprehensive Leishmania screening protocols into blood donation processes, particularly in endemic regions. It advocates for using molecular diagnostics to enhance detection accuracy. Furthermore, living in stilt houses as a risk factor emphasizes the importance of environmental management in leishmaniasis control efforts.
Elastomer: Fluorosilicone Rubber (FVMQ) Fuel and Oil Resistant 65 – 75 Durometer Type ‘A’ Hardness For Products in Fuel Systems/Lubricating Oils
Authors:   AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Published: August 2024

This specification covers a fluorosilicone (FVMQ) elastomer that can be used to manufacture product in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes. This specification should not be used for molded rings, compression seals, molded O-rings or molded O-ring cord, and molded in place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications.
AN OVERVIEW OF TÜRKİYE’S RENEWABLE ENERGY OUTLOOK
Authors: Çakmak Zafer
Published: August 2024

A critical outcome of climate change and energy security concerns is the need to diversify energy sources. In this context, renewable energy emerges as a significant opportunity. Türkiye has significant potential in terms of renewable energy resources. In particular, the widespread use of wind and solar energy sources has gained momentum since 2011. In recent years, Türkiye's renewable energy sector has experienced rapid growth and is poised to become a prominent player among European countries in this field. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the renewable energy sector in Türkiye. The study was conducted using the document analysis method. The information presented in this article was taken from national and international reports, national energy plans, international agreements, energy company statistics and research papers. The results show that the renewable energy sector in Türkiye has experienced radical growth in the last fifteen years. Hydropower has been used for many years and Türkiye is one of the leading countries in terms of installed capacity. However, the development of installed wind and solar capacity is particularly noteworthy. Between 2010 and 2024, installed wind power capacity increased about sevenfold. Between 2015 and 2024, installed solar power capacity grew by about fifty times.
Schauspiel & Doppeltes Bewusstsein. Zur Verhandlung dissoziativer Phänomene bei Coquelin, Archer, Martersteig und Craig
Authors: Brucher Rosemarie
Published: August 2024

Im späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert avancierten dissoziative Bewusstseinsspaltungen zu einem zentralen Forschungsthema. Verfahren der Hypnose und Suggestion sowie Zustände des Somnambulismus und der Trance rückten ins Zentrum psychowissenschaftlicher Aufmerksamkeit, um Aufschluss über die „verborgenen Sphären“ des Ich zu erlangen. Diese Entdeckungen wurden auch von Theatertheoretiker*innen aufgegriffen, um die schauspielerische Fähigkeit zur Verwandlung und zur Darstellung unterschiedlicher Charaktere besser zu verstehen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht mit Fokus auf die vier Schauspieltheoretiker Constant Coquelin, William Archer, Max Martersteig und Edward Gordon Craig, wie diese die neuen psychologischen Erkenntnisse zu Bewusstseinsspaltungen in ihre Überlegungen einbezogen. Anhand ihrer Schriften aus den Jahren 1880 bis 1910 wird aufgezeigt, wie sich durch den Einbezug bewusstseinstheoretischer Überlegungen die traditionelle Auffassung von Identität und Identifikation im Schauspiel veränderte.
GRAVIDEZ NA ADOLESCÊNCIA
Authors: Matos Rodrigues Thais , Patricia Souza Carvalho Angela , Malta Febronio Lara , Fonseca da Costa Micaelly
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil das publicações científicas relacionadas à gravidez na adolescência. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura nas seguintes bases de dados: Scielo, Medline e Lilacs, a partir de estudos entre os anos de 2013 a 2018. Foram utilizados os descritores adolescência, gravidez e saúde para a busca dos artigos. Resultados: A partir da análise dos estudos selecionados percebeu-se que os fatores de maior influência para a gravidez na adolescência estão relacionados com a situação socioeconômica. E tal determinante reflete a evasão escolar e a dificuldade de ingresso no mercado de trabalho. Conclusão: Dessa forma, acredita-se que o maior nível de escolaridade e acesso a informações, com a participação da família e dos órgãos governamentais, possibilitem a diminuição desse quadro.