bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry chemical profile investigation and biological activities of ethylacetate fraction of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) pulp used in the treatment of urinary tract infections
Authors: Fagbemi Kehinde O. , Aina Daniel A. , Coopoosamy Roger M. , Olajuyigbe Olufunmiso O.
Published: January 2022

Background: As a result of high percentage of women infected with urinary tract infection (UTI) annually, many rural dwellers use Adansonia digitata fruit pulp as herbal cure. Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae) is one of the great trees idolised in Africa because of its therapeutic properties.Aim: This study aimed at identifying chemical compounds in the ethylacetate fraction of the baobab fruit pulp and indicated their biological activities to justify its use for the folkloric treatment of UTI.Methods: The crude extract from Baobab fruit pulp was partitioned and ethylacetate extract was used for assay. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was performed to identify the bioactive compounds in the ethylacetate fraction, antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays whilst the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by already adopted protocols. The antibacterial properties were tested against some urinary tract pathogens using macro broth dilution method.Results: A total of 36 bioactive compounds were identified by GC–MS analysis, most of them have been reported as antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiasthma, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. The extract exhibited highest activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 19582 (1.22 mg/mL) whilst Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 (˃ 8.6 mg/mL) displayed high level of resistance amongst the five bacterial isolates used in this study.Conclusion: These findings indicated that the extract contained bioactive compounds of therapeutic importance with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potentials and justify the folkloric use of this fruit in the treatment of UTIs by many African dwellers.
Prevalence of osteoporosis and its associated work-related factors and obesity among a sample of Egyptian women indoor workers and employees
Authors: Hassan Nayera E. , El-Raufe El-Masry Sahar A. , Mahmoud Walaa S. , Soliman Muhammad A. , Khalil Aya , Afify Mahmoud A.S. , Aly Manal M. , Rasheed Enas A. , El-Saeed Gamila S.M. , Alian Khadija M.
Published: January 2022

Background/aim

Obesity and osteoporosis are progressive diseases with complex etiology. They constitute a major public health concern nowadays. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis, vitamin D profile, and its relation to obesity, bone markers, and leptin among a sample of Egyptian women indoor workers and employees at the National Research Centre.

Patients and methods

A cross-sectional study that included 116 Egyptian women aged 25–60 years. Anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, and BMI), dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry [bone mineral density (BMD) and its T score at both lumbar spines and neck of the femur], and laboratory investigations (leptin, calcium, vitamin D, and C-terminal peptide) were done for all participants. They were classified according to their BMI and BMD-T scores at lumbar spines and femur neck.

Results

Osteoporosis was diagnosed among 11.2, 25.2, and 6.8% of participants using the BMD-T score at lumbar spines, femur neck, and at the two sites respectively; osteopenia was diagnosed among 44.8, 51.3, and 25%, respectively. Osteoporosis was significantly more frequent among normal weight women than overweight/obese ones. Normal weight osteoporotic women had significantly higher values of vitamin D and C-terminal peptide, and lower values of leptin and BMI than the nonosteoporotic ones. Among osteoporotic women, BMI had a significant negative correlation with vitamin D. BMI had significant positive correlations with BMD at both lumbar spines and femur neck and their T scores among nonosteoporotic women and total sample. BMI had a significant positive correlation with the C-terminal peptide among the osteoporotic, nonosteoporotic, and total sample, with leptin and age among the osteoporotic and total sample.

Conclusion

BMI had a significant positive correlation with hypovitaminosis D, C-terminal peptide, leptin, and age. It had a significant positive correlation with BMD among nonosteoporotic women, but not among osteoporotic ones. Obesity protects from osteoporosis. Dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry at lumbar spines underestimate the diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia.
3D stereophotogrammetric analysis of lip and nasal symmetry after primary cheiloseptoplasty in complete unilateral cleft lip repair
Authors: van Loon Bram , Reddy Srinivas G. , van Heerbeek Niels , Ingels Koen J.A.O. , Maal Thomas J.J. , Borstlap Wilfred A. , Reddy Rajgopal R. , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne-Marie , Berge Stefaan J.
Published: January 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate symmetry of the lip and nose in patients with CUCLP after primary cheiloseptoplasty (Afroze technique), in comparison to non-cleft controls. Methodology: In this prospective study, forty-four patients with operated non-syndromic CUCLP were included. The control group consisted of 44 volunteers without cleft defects of approximately the same age and sex. Primary septoplasty was performed in conjunction with the cleft lip (CL) repair using the Afroze incision. 3D facial images were acquired using 3D stereophotogrammetry. After a 3D cephalometric analysis of the lip and nose was performed in both groups, linear and volumetric data were acquired. Lip and nose symmetry were calculated and compared using Student`s t-tests as well as the Chi square test. Results: For all measurements, the control group was up to 36% closer to perfect symmetry compared to the CUCLP group after primary surgery. This difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: After primary cheiloseptoplasty according to the Afroze technique in patients with CUCLP, asymmetry in the nose and lip area still exists as compared to non-cleft controls. Although non-cleft individuals also show some degree of asymmetry, the results of this study stress the difficulty in obtaining near normal symmetrical relations.
Solitary chemosensory cells in the respiratory and vomeronasal epithelium of the human nose: a pilot study
Authors: Braun Thomas , Mack Brigitte , Kramer Matthias F.
Published: January 2022

Background: Recently, solitary chemosensory cells have been described in the respiratory and vomeronasal epithelium of the rodent nose. Expressing G-protein coupled receptors for sweet, umami and bitter taste transduction, these cells are thought to mediate trigeminal reflexes upon stimulation with chemical irritants. The present study analyzes human nasal mucosa for the presence of solitary chemosensory cells. Methodology: In human tissue samples from respiratory mucosa and the vomeronasal organ, gene expression of taste receptors families was studied in five patients using the Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array and immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies. Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed that solitary chemosensory cells expressing G-protein coupled receptors for sweet, umami and bitter taste transduction are present in the human nose. cDNA microarray analysis congruently showed that cells expressing bitter taste receptors accumulate in the vomeronasal organ compared to the respiratory epithelium. Conclusions: Solitary chemosensory cells expressing taste receptors are also present in the human nose. Since they are thought to mediate trigeminal reflexes, their role in the pathogenesis of nasal hyperreagibility should be elucidated in further studies.
Diaphragm ultrasound as a better predictor of successful extubation from mechanical ventilation than rapid shallow breathing index
Authors: Alam Mohammad Jhahidul , Roy Simanta , Iktidar Mohammad Azmain , Padma Fahmida Khatun , Nipun Khairul Islam , Chowdhury Sreshtha , Nath Ranjan Kumar , Rashid Harun-Or
Published: January 2022

Background: In 3%–19% of patients, reintubation is needed 48–72 hours following extubation, which increases intensive care unit (ICU) morbidity, mortality, and expenses. Extubation failure is frequently caused by diaphragm dysfunction. Ultrasonography can be used to determine the mobility and thickness of the diaphragm. This study looked at the role of diaphragm excursion (DE) and thickening fraction in predicting successful extubation from mechanical ventilation.Methods: Thirty-one patients were extubated with the advice of an ICU consultant using the ICU weaning regimen and diaphragm ultrasonography was performed. Ultrasound DE and thickening fraction were measured three times: at the commencement of the t-piece experiment, at 10 minutes, and immediately before extubation. All patients' parameters were monitored for 48 hours after extubation. Rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) was also measured at the same time.Results: Successful extubation was significantly correlated with DE (P=0.01). Receiver curve analysis for DE to predict successful extubation revealed good properties (area under the curve [AUC], 0.83; P<0.001); sensitivity, 77.8%; specificity, 84.6%, positive predictive value (PPV), 87.5%; negative predictive value (NPV), 73.3% while cut-off value, 11.43 mm. Diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) also revealed moderate curve properties (AUC, 0.69; P=0.06); sensitivity, 61.1%; specificity, 84.6%; PPV, 87.5%; NPV, 61.1% with cut-off value 22.33% although former one was slightly better. RSBI could not reach good receiver operating characteristic value at cut-off points 100 b/min/L (AUC, 0.58; P=0.47); sensitivity, 66.7%; specificity, 53.8%; PPV, 66.7%; NPV, 53.8%). Conclusions: To decrease the rate of reintubation, DE and DTF are better indicators of successful extubation. DE outperforms DTF.
Doctor's Legal Protection in Health Services for Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Sulistyaningrum Helena Primadianti , Afrilia Dian , Murty Theta
Published: January 2022

Doctors as medical workers are at the forefront of health services for Covid-19 patients. During the pandemic, doctor is the profession that has the highest risk in handling Covid-19 patients. In this case, it is appropriate if doctors get legal protection in carrying out their profession. So, what is the actual form of legal protection that doctors have received so far in handling Covid-19 patients? Have the existing regulations accommodated this protection?. The method of research which used in this research was normatif by examining the law which is conceptualized as a norm or rule that applied in society, and becomes a reference for everyone's behavior. The results of the study indicated that there were preventive and repressive measures which were as means of legal protection for doctors during Pandemic. Preventive efforts can be interpreted as steps or ways that can be taken to prevent an event that has legal consequences in the form of fulfilling obligations as a doctor, namely by carrying out the profession in accordance with professional standard, professional service standard, and standard operating procedures, completing administration in medical practice such as informed consent. and medical records, getting vaccines, providing incentives. While repressive efforts are defined as steps or method which taken if an event that results in law has occurred in the form of providing compensation to doctors who died, giving awards for services, bearing medical expenses for exposed doctors, and prosecution for criminal acts towards people who do not orderly implement health protocols. The legal protection of medical workers in handling Covid-19 is evident in the fact that these medical workers have received legal protection in the form of supervision and guidance carried out by the Central Government, Regional Government or their Work Agencies. It shows that existing regulations have accommodated legal protection for doctors during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Semi-Manual Processing Of Blood Clamps Waste into Chitosan Powder
Authors: Salsabila Chiesa , Wahyuningsih Candra , Fitriana Diana Ayu , Asih Rina Sari , Nida Khoirin , Ferniah Rejeki Siti
Published: January 2022

Blood clams (Anadara granosa) are endemic clams found in Southeast Asia and East Asia. Blood clams are widely consumed by the public as seafood dishes in coastal food stalls. The great potential of blood clams will increase the waste of clam shells produced. The accumulation of shellfish waste will cause pollution and reduce environmental aesthetics. The chitin content in blood clam shells can be used as chitosan. Chitosan is a polymer of -(1-4) glucosamine which is formed when the acetyl group in chitin is substituted by hydrogen to become an amine group. Chitosan has antibacterial and antifungal properties. Isolation of chitosan was carried out through the stages of demineralization, deproteination, and deacetylation. The limited use of laboratories during the pandemic is a major obstacle in the isolation process of chitosan. This study aims to process blood clam shell waste into chitosan in a simple way on a home scale. Processing includes deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation were done using tools and materials available at home. Laboratory equipment such as beakers could be replaced with pots, the reflux process was replaced by using a cloth to filter, and measuring cups were replaced with glasses. The research used 1500 grams of blood clam shell powder and produced 1050 grams of white chitosan with a slightly hard texture
DCGAN ve Siyam Sinir Ağını Kullanarak Demiryolu Bağlantı Elemanlarındaki Kusurların Tespiti
Authors: GÜÇLÜ Emre , AYDIN İlhan , AKIN Erhan
Published: January 2022

Bağlantı elemanlarındaki kusurların tespiti, demiryolu denetiminin önemli bir parçasıdır. Bu nedenle son yıllarda, bağlantı elemanlarının hızlı ve güvenilir bir şekilde denetlenebilmesi için otomatik denetim sistemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Otomatik denetim sistemlerinde derin öğrenme gibi yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Ancak bu tür yöntemler, eğitim için çok fazla veri setine ihtiyaç duyarlar. Geleneksel bir evrişimli sinir ağı küçük bir veri seti ile özellikleri öğrenemez. Eğitim işlemi için sağlam bağlantı elemanlarından oluşan veri setini oluşturmak kolay olmasına rağmen kusurlu bağlantı elemanlarından oluşan veri setini oluşturmak oldukça zordur. Bu tür veri setini oluşturmak için yüzlerce kilometre demiryolundan görüntü toplanması gerekebilir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, DCGAN kullanılarak yapay deforme bağlantı elemanı görüntüleri oluşturulup veri seti çoğaltılmıştır. Ardından, siyam sinir ağı ile bağlantı elemanlarının kusur durumu incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, sağlam ve deforme olmak üzere iki bağlantı elemanı sınıfı bulunmaktadır. Her sınıf için farklı sınıfların görüntüleri arasındaki benzerlik puanları hesaplanmıştır. Temel fikir, bağlantı elemanlarını benzerlik puanlarını kullanarak ve karşılaştırma yaparak tanımlamaktır. Deneysel sonuçlarda, önerilen yöntem için %98,23 doğruluk oranı elde edilerek, geleneksel yöntemlere göre avantajı gösterilmiştir.
Value of Nuchal Translucency in Detection of Chromosomal Aberration in Vietnam Population
Authors:   Master of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam, Hai Nguyen Long
Published: January 2022

Objective: To examine the sensitivity and specificity of different thresholds of nuchal translucency in diagnosis of chromosomal defects. Study Design: This is a longitudinal study of pregnant women have first trimester screening and ultrasound in center of diagnostic antenatal of national hospital of obstetrics and gynecology. A follow-up was made to identify, in all singleton pregnancies in both group of which fetal karyotyping was made and group of normal fetuses. The threshold for nuchal translucency was divided in to above the 95th percentile, the 99th percentile, the 3.0mm and 2.5 MoM of nuchal translucency. The sensitivity and specificity ware calculated in order to diagnosis the chromosomal abbreviation. Results: The research identified 2645 fetuses, 743 amniocentesis (28%). There is 32.4% fetus has NT ≥ the 95th percentile, 28.6% ≥ 2.5mm percentile, 22.3% ≥ 3.0mm, 16.6% above 2.5 MoM. The fetal karyotype was abnormal in 157 (5.8%) pregnancies. The popular conditions were found including trisomy 21(52.2%). Then structural rearrangements occupied 31.2%. Other chromosomes like 13,18,21 occupied 12.7%. The abnormal of sex chromosome was smallest proportion with only 3.8%. At the 95th percentile of nuchal translucency has the highest sensitivity in detection of chromosomal defects (99.4%) but the threshold 2.5mm has a better detection rate (20.4%). The cut off 3.0mm has a better positive prediction rate (22.3%) but could detect less defects (only 132/157 abbreviation). The threshold 2.5xMoM had the highest specificity (86.4%) but lowest sensitivity (only 65%). Conclusion: In fetuses with increased nuchal translucency, more than a half of the chromosomally abnormal group is affected by defects other than trisomy 21 (52.2%). Using threshold 2.5mm helps detect more 23 chromosomal defects in comparison with the threshold 3.0mm and it had the highest average of sensitivity and specificity (87.25%).
Current Intellectual Property Regimes in the U.S. Fail to Protect Fashion Designs
Authors:   Sandra Day O’ Connor College of Law, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA, Martin Nicole
Published: January 2022

The United States does not offer adequate intellectual property protections for designs within the fashion industry. The quick pace and constantly evolving nature of the fashion industry creates obstacles for designers’ ability to obtain lasting protection in their fashion articles. The intellectual property regimes for trademark, trade dress, patent and copyright will be analyzed in the fashion industry context. These intellectual property regimes in the United States do not adequately protect designers in the fashion industry. Small fashion brands and independent designers are often left unprotected by the copying of their designs. Designers “remain vulnerable to knockoff artists who can steal ideas straight off the runway and produce copies before the originals even hit the stores.” Due to the lack of intellectual property protection for fashion designers in the United States, fashion companies and retailers are able to “steal American designs, make low-quality copies in foreign factories with cheap labor and import them into the U.S. to compete with original designs”. This presents a huge concern for young and emerging designers who can be “put out of business before they even had a chance.” Emerging designers are left vulnerable to the threat of copying [1].
Volunteer Love Education Learning and Self-Management Model
Authors:   Professor, National Chengchi University, Volunteer, FU Chuan Charity Foundation, Taiwan, Ho Lin Chi
Published: January 2022

The “FU Chuan Charity Foundation” uses the statutory curriculum of the Department of Social Sciences to implement education on volunteer love and self-management for volunteer students. The statutory courses of the Department of Social Sciences belong to the “Interdisciplinary Curriculum Integration Model”, the “FU Chuan Charity Foundation” opened the “FU Chuan Charity Bachelor Class”, which has been operated by volunteers for 8 years, invisibly in the original “education and learning philosophy”. The outlines of 7 groups of education and learning models gradually emerged, so they were named “Education and Learning Models for the Bachelor of Evangelical Compassion”: including (1) the integration model of old and new students, (2) the cross-age and multi-group co-learning model, (3) Sharing mode in different places and different industries, (4) Social welfare resource co-study mode, (5) Potential mode of voluntary service, (6) Intervention response effect mode, (7) No-handling property mode. The operation of this model has changed from “Originally run a school for the Foundation” to “Run a school for the Friends Association”, and at least assist students in 5 changes: (1) Attitude to study, from “wait and see trial” to “specialized reading” “, then change to “Determined to Grad.” (2) The learning factor changes from “convenient time” to “professional needs”, then to “equal attention to time and professionalism”, and then to “desire to graduate”. (3) The average number of courses taken has changed from “inconsistent courses” to “concentrated courses” and then to “intensive courses”. (4) Student volunteer habits have changed from “adjustment to ups and downs” to “balanced and stable”. (5) The willingness of students to volunteer has changed from “rare concepts” to “stable learning” and then to “dare to face the test of the epidemic” [1].
Multi-Institutional Case Studies of Surface Guided Radiotherapy in USA and Germany
Authors:   Research Medical Physicist, Research Wormhole, Canada, Taqaddas A
Published: January 2022

AlignRT® is a form of Surface Guided Radiotherapy (SGRT). Its use has recently been increased in various parts of the world. The aim of this study is to find out the current status of Surface Guided Radiotherapy especially AlignRT® in Proton therapy treatment and identify challenges and benefits associated with the application of Align RT from point of view of Radiation oncology professionals. A survey was created to assess clinical, technical, organizational and Educational strategies and resources employed to provide Surface Guided RT mainly AlignRT® based Proton therapy treatment in the responders’ Radiation Oncology centres . Another objective of the study is to discover if AlignRT® can completely replace IGRT. Survey was sent to four Radiation oncology professionals in USA and Germany. This has led to four case studies. The responses provide understanding of the current AlignRT® practices and though these responses are important they should not be considered to be representative of radiation oncology as a whole. The study was conducted in 2020.
A Rare Case of Quadruple Negative GIST with an Unusual Presentation in a Young Female
Authors:   Internal Medicine Residency Program, Carle Foundation Hospital, IL, USA, Valasapalli Srijan , Sathe Sanjivani ,   Internal Medicine, Carle Urbana, USA
Published: January 2022

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are an uncommon malignancy, with origin in the interstitial cells of Cajal located in the myenteric plexus. The incidence is 5000 new cases every year in the US. It is important to determine genetic alterations in GIST. Approximately 90% of GISTs have a gain of function mutation in either the c-KIT protooncogene (which encodes for the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT) accounting for 75%, or the platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) protooncogene which accounts for 15%. Only 5-10% constitute Wild Type (WT) GISTs with mutations observed in BRAF, NF1, & SDH. While Imatinib, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI), is used as adjuvant therapy for most KIT-positive tumors, it cannot be used in TKI-resistant tumors that harbor alternative genetic mutations. We present a rare case of quadruple negative (negative for all aforementioned genes) GIST with a mutation identified as ETV6-NTRK3 fusion. This mutation was first described in a case of rectal quadruple negative WT GIST.
Designing Public Health Policy to Curb Health and Economic Impact of Khat Chewing
Authors:   Addis Ababa University School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Published: January 2022

Introduction and Background: Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) known for long period as an indigenous plant to Ethiopia, has many mixed effects and impact. Some consider it as a good means to socialize. Others consider it as a good source of income. Nowadays, as a result of its effect on health, public health concern is growing. However, there are no policies controlling these khat effects. Objective: To present policy option to curtail health and economic impact of khat chewing practice in Ethiopia. Methods: Narrative literature review was made to look into different effects of khat chewing with a particular reference to Ethiopia. Key findings khat chewing has stimulating, euphoric and addictive effects. It has a constricting effect on blood vessels leading to hypertension. It has also neuropsychiatric and physical consequences including aggression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, paranoia, manic behaviors, insomnia, depression, increased heart rate, anorexia and weight loss, dental and pulmonary problems. Additionally, khat abuse found linked to liver damage and failure. Conclusion: Given that medical risks of khat use are modest, or studies are not conclusive, there should be a regulatory framework with the objective of protecting consumers and community. This is best achieved by establishing processes for the quality control of khat and by regulating access and availability. Conclusive studies are very rare and even some are inadequate and contradictory. Most of the evidences on adverse effects of khat come from case reports and observational studies. Therefore, high quality research is justified.
SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion): Perplexing Look of Dengue Fever
Authors:   Associate Professor, Medicine, Ad-din Women’s Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Ronald Gomes Richmond
Published: January 2022

Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease (female mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, principally Aedes aegypti) caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. It is endemic in tropical and subtropical continent. World health organization (WHO) currently estimates there may be 50 -100 million dengue infections worldwide every year with over 2.5 billion people at risk of dengue. Symptomatic dengue virus infection may manifests as undifferentiated fever, classical dengue fever (with or without unusual hemorrhages), and dengue hemorrhagic fever (with or without shock). Isolated organopathy or expanded dengue syndrome (EDS) was coined by WHO in the year 2012 to describe cases, which do not fall into either dengue shock syndrome or dengue hemorrhagic fever. The atypical manifestations noted in expanded dengue are multisystemic and multifaceted with organ involvement, such as liver, brain, heart, kidney, central/peripheral nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, lympho reticular system. Dengue virus has long been considered as a non-neurotropic virus, as animal studies have shown that virus does not cross blood brain barrier. Hyponatremia may be found in association with dengue fever and is thought to be caused by peripheral fluid extravasation and resulting intravascular hypovolaemia. But hyponatremia due to syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH) in Dengue fever is rare. We report a 40 years old male who was diagnosed as Dengue fever (Dengue Ns1Ag positive) with thrombocytopenia and hyponatremia. He was admitted and further investigations revealed SIADH. He responded well to cautious sodium replacement and addition of tolvaptan. He recovered completely and was discharged after one week. Thus, all clinicians should keep in mind the possibility of SIADH as a part of expanded dengue syndrome.
Bladder and bowel: friends or enemies?
Authors:   Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute, Novosibirsk, Russia, Kulchavenya Ekaterina V. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: January 2022

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a very common condition. OAB undoubtedly requires correction since it significantly affects the patient’s quality of life. Literature review showed that pharmacokinetic and metabolic characteristics of trospium chloride make it a drug of choice in elderly and comorbid patients. There is a clear correlation between intestine and bladder dysfunction. The effects of rebamipide discovered by experiments, such as restoration of the damaged urothelium structure and function, as well as suppression of the overactive bladder, require further in-depth study and introduction of the drug to clinical practice for treatment of patients with chronic cystitis and OAB.
First successful experience of the Zenker's diverticulum endoscopic therapy in Kazakhstan
Authors:   National Research Oncology Center, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Batyrbekov Kanat , Zelenyy Alexey ,   Multi-profile medical center, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Galiakbarova Ainur ,   National Research Oncology Center, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2022

Zenker's diverticulum tends to occur in the elderly and is generally a relatively rare disorder; the prevalence of Zenker's diverticulum is 1.5–5% of all esophageal diverticula. Men are affected 2-3 times more frequently than women. To date, Zenker's diverticulum is treated mostly by surgery in Kazakhstan, however, with the development of endoscopy the minimally invasive method, endoscopic diverticuloesophagostomy, is being implemented. The transoral treatment is aimed at creating the common cavity between the esophagus and the diverticulum in order to prevent food accumulation in the diverticulum. The anterior wall between these two structures consists of the diverticular wall, m. сricopharyngeus and esophagus wall, the septum transsection automatically ensures myotomy. Both open surgery and endoscopic transoral treatment of Zenker's diverticulum result in reduced symptoms in 94–100% of patients. The paper reports the first successful experience of the Zenker's diverticulum treatment by endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection in Kazakhstan.
Diabetes type 2 in young people. Clinical case from the practice of endocrinologist
Authors:   Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ivanovo, Russia, Batrak Galina A. , Zhaburina Maria V. ,   Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ivanovo, Russia
Published: January 2022

In recent decades, type 2 diabetes is increasingly recorded in young people, adolescents and children. The most significant risk factors for type 2 diabetes in young patients are family history of the disease, overweight and obesity, and the presence of insulin resistance. The main diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus in young patients, in addition to the traditional ones (hyperglycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin), are a high level of C-peptide and insulin resistance in the absence of antibodies to ICA, insulin, GAD. In connection with the projected increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes at a young age, it is necessary to pay attention to the implementation of preventive measures and timely clinical examination among groups of children and adolescents with the presence of abdominal obesity, burdened with a family history of obesity and type 2 diabetes, in order to prevent or delay the early development of disorders carbohydrate metabolism among this group at an earlier age. Given the predominance of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in young people, it is necessary to give priority to drugs from the metformin group when prescribing treatment. Thus, the global growth of type 2 diabetes, the tendency to "rejuvenate" diabetes, insufficient information on the prevalence, risk factors and clinical manifestations of the disease at a young age emphasize the urgency of studying this problem.
Minerals contributing to human health and well-being
Authors:   Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute, Novosibirsk, Russia, Kulchavenya Ekaterina V. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: January 2022

The gut microbiome is vital for normal human body functioning. The etiological and pathogenetic significance of increased intestinal permeability in disorders of various organs and systems seems to be certain. The term “microbiota-gut-brain axis” has been defined; the crucial role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurological disorders has been confirmed. Gut microbiome not only contributes to digestion, metabolism and immunity, but also mediates sleep and mental health of the host via microbiota-gut-brain axis. Such elements as zinc and selenium are essential to maintain the microbial balance in the gut. Zinc contributes to gut homeostasis and Paneth cell function. Zinc has a direct impact on gut microbiota composition (for example, on some species of Staphylococcus), modulates gut microbiota reducing the fatal entry of bacteria into the bloodstream and lymphatic vessels. Thus, zinc alters microbiome due to direct cytotoxic / cytostatic effect on certain bacteria, such as staphylococci. Zinc possesses therapeutic effect in gastrointestinal infections and diarrhea. Bacterial translocation may be also reduced with Rebamipide possessing cytoprotective and antioxidant activity. Selenium in the form of selenoproteins has a number of functions in normal health and metabolism. Selenium contributes to immune system functioning and to progression of HIV to AIDS. Selenium deficiency results in cardiovascular diseases, infertility, myodegenerative disorders, and cognitive decline.
Role of cardiac MRI in the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. Clinical cases
Authors:   National Medical Research Center of Cardiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Butorov Ekaterina A. , Stukalova Olga V. ,   National Medical Research Center of Cardiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2022

Purpose. The aim of this work is to show the capabilities of late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of a rare disease such as cardiac amyloidosis. Materials and methods. Demonstration of clinical cases detecting cardiac amyloidosis using MRI. Results. Contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI revealed patterns characteristic of cardiac amyloidosis. Conclusion. Cardiac MRI with late gadloinium enhancement is the method of choice in the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis.
Chronic subdural hematomas: challenges and solutions. Part I. Clinical variants and diagnosis
Authors:   Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia, Likhterman Leonid B. , Kravchuk Aleksandr D. ,   Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia, Okhlopkov Vladimir A. ,   Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2022

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a multifactorial extensive intracranial hemorrhage, causing the local and/or general brain compression. Hematoma has a delimiting capsule, which defines all pathophysiological features, clinical course and treatment tactics. The paper reports contemporary views on ethiology and clinical course of cSDH. Emphasis is placed on the diagnosis. Based on the analysis of 558 verified cSDH observations, the phasal course and brain imaging data are reported. CT and MRI signs of cSDH are defined.
Impact of novel coronavirus infection on urogenital system. Immunonutrition as a method of pathogenetic therapy in patients with COVID-19
Authors:   Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute, Novosibirsk, Russia, Kulchavenya Ekaterina V. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: January 2022

On December 12, 2019, the novel coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, China, which caused the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) in human population, spreading rapidly all over the world; on March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the current situation a pandemic. COVID-19 is considered a systemic disease. Kidney may be one of the targets, since the virus enters the cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor, which is present in kidney. The evidence of the kidney cells’ viral invasion is provided by the large number of renal dysfunction cases in patients with COVID-19. Etiotropic therapy for COVID-19 has not been developed; antibiotics are not useful for this infection. It is advisable to improve the immunity of the microorganism, primarily by vaccination, but also by normalization of the intestinal microbiota and the micronutrients’ balance recovery. Vitamins C and E, trace elements selenium and zinc significantly increase the body's resistance to viral infection. The rapid increase in the number of resistant pathogens is expected due to increased antibiotic use for treatment of COVID-19. The overall impact of the pandemic could be assessed later. Currently, the strictest approach is required to prescribing antibacterial drugs to patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urogenital system. If etiotropic antibiotic therapy is unavoidable, it should be supported by pathogenetic therapy. The immune-stimulatory nutraceuticals should be prescribed.
PERTUMBUHAN IMAN KAUM TUNANETRA KEPADA KRISTUS DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI JAWA BARAT, JAKARTA DAN MEDAN
Authors: Setiawan Tjutjun , Kurniawan Andreas , Rachmat Ronald , Setiyawan Linutama , Simanjuntak Ferry
Published: January 2022

Pada masa pandemi Covid-19, gereja dibatasi aturan pemerintah untuk tidak mengadakan ibadah secara onsite tetapi diganti dengan ibadah online melalui YouTube, Zoom Meeting atau media yang lain. Tidak semua orang dapat memanfaatkan teknologi ini terutama mereka yang mempunyai keterbatasan sebagaimana dialami kaum tunanetra. Sebagai orang percaya mereka tetap harus bertumbuh dalam iman. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian adalah bagaimana kaum tunanetra tetap bertumbuh dalam iman kepada Kristus meskipun di masa pandemi Covid-19? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan dibarengi dengan wawancara terhadap kaum tunanetra tentang kebutuhan akan pertumbuhan iman mereka. Pertumbuhan iman bisa didapat melalui ibadah, pembacaan Alkitab. Dengan dihentikan ibadah minggu seperti biasa maka melalui pembacaan Alkitablah mereka mendapatkan pertumbuhan iman. Tetapi mereka terkendala masalah dana untuk memiliki Alkitab khusus bagi mereka. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kaum tunanetra membutuhkan Alkitab Braille. Penulis mendata kebutuhan Alkitab Braille dan membagikannya secara gratis sebagai bentuk pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Penulis berharap penelitian ini dapat membangkitkan kepedulian umat Kristen akan kebutuhan kaum tunanetra maupun mereka yang membutuhkan pertolongan.
ANAK MANUSIA DAN HAMBA YANG MENDERITA: KEMESIASAN YESUS DALAM TEOLOGI BIBLIKA DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI ORANG KRISTEN DI INDONESIA PADA MASA KINI
Authors: Suleni Suleni , Kristanto David , Putralin Eliantri , Malik Malik
Published: January 2022

Konsep Mesias merupakan konsep yang kompleks dan seringkali problematik untuk dipahami baik di kalangan Kristen maupun oleh orang-orang Yahudi. Orang-orang Kristen seringkali menerima konsep tersebut secara terlalu simplistik sampai-sampai kehilangan pandangan atas kontinuitas dari konsep tersebut dengan nubuat-nubuat Mesianis di dalam Perjanjian Lama. Berbeda dengan orang-orang Kristen, orang-orang Yahudi menolak konsep tersebut utamanya sebab konsep Mesianis mereka sangat berkaitan dengan kemuliaan dan kuasa namun mereka tidak memahami bahwa Mesias harus mati bahkan sampai disalib untuk menebus dosa umat-Nya. Menggunakan pendekatan teologi biblika, artikel ini berargumen bahwa konsep Mesias di dalam Alkitab harus dipahami secara utuh dalam kaitannya dengan kemuliaan dan penderitaan Sang Mesias dalam menanggung dosa. untuk memahami penderitaan dan kemuliaan dalam sebutan konsep Anak Manusia dan konsep Hamba Yang Menderita. Di dalam diri Yesus Kristus, kemuliaan dan kekuasaan sang Anak Manusia dan peran sang Hamba Yang Menderita digenapi secara bersamaan melalui perendahan diri-Nya di kayu salib dan peninggian-Nya melalui kebangkitan-Nya dari antara orang mati. Untuk tujuan tersebut artikel ini pertama-tama membahas mengenai pengharapan Mesianik di dalam Perjanjian Lama; kedua, Mesias dan Anak Manusia; ketiga, Anak Manusia dan Hamba Yang Menderita; dan kemudian ditutup dengan sebuah kesimpulan.
PEMAHAMAN HEDONISME KONTEMPORER BERDASARKAN STUDI TEOLOGIS DALAM ROMA 6:2 DAN GALATIA 5:19 SERTA IMPLIKASINYA BAGI ORANG KRISTEN MASA KINI
Authors: Wahyuni Widya , Padabang Yosep Iswanto
Published: January 2022

Mencari kebahagiaan dalam hidup ini adalah sesuatu yang selalu didambakan oleh semua orang namun dalam mencari dan menemukannya seseorang perlu dibimbing dan didorong oleh suatu motivasi yang benar, sehingga kebahagiaan yang diperoleh dapat dinikmati dengan baik, bukan untuk memuaskan keinginan daging semata yang pada akhirnya membuat manusia tersebut binasa dengan dunia ini. Sebagaimana yang diajarkan dalam Alkitab bahwa manusia sebaiknya selalu hidup mencari dan menyenangkan hati Tuhan, namun pada kenyataannya yang terlihat saat ini adalah, ada begitu banyak orang yang hidup mencari kebahagiaan untuk memuaskan keinginannya bukan keinginan Tuhan. Lalu bagaimana dengan kehidupan orang Kristen saat ini? Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, sedangkan terkait dengan kajian teologi dalam kaitannya dengan gaya hidup hedonisme, penulis mengaitkan penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif deskriptif dalam konteks fenomenologi dengan metode kualitatif yang bersifat library research. Yang mana untuk menganalisis kandungan makna yang terdapat dalam sebuah narasi atau teks, dalam kaitannya dengan Kitab Suci, penulis menggunakan analisis naratif. Pada akhirnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa orang percaya sebaiknya selalu hidup menurut keinginan Tuhan, yaitu melakukan hal-hal yang memperlihatkan kasih kepada Allah. dan menjauhkan diri dari Perbuatan yang bersumber dari keinginan daging. serta selalu mengejar kebahagiaan yang abadi bukan kebahagiaan sementara yang diajarkan dalam paham hedonisme.
Manufacture of Banana-Based Paper
Authors: Cabezas William , Davila Daniel , Freire Carlos , Hernandez Steven , Morales Alexander
Published: January 2022

The paper is one of the most used elements in modern society, despite the fact that its invention dates back to ancient times. The paper is used for different domestic, labor and industrial purposes. Its manufacture is made from cellulose pulp and vegetable fibers, which have had a significant environmental impact in recent years. This work proposes the analysis of the production of paper from the use of residues of the banana plant, which could offer a better use of natural resources and a lower impact on nature. In addition, the natural fiber of bananas is resistant and is easily obtained in Latin American countries such as Ecuador, which has a high production of it. The results found show that it is possible to make paper with fiber from banana residues and that it is possible to commercialize and make good use of resources.

Keywords: Organic paper, banana waste, environmental protection.

References

[1]A. Herrera, «ELABORACIÓN DEL PAPEL ORGÁNICO A BASE DE PSEUDOTALLO DE BANANO, CANTÓN SANTA ROSA, PROVINCIA DE EL ORO, ECUADOR,» Guayaquil, 2019.

[2]R. d. León, «Fabrican papel con desechos de plátano,» CIENCIAMX, 1 julio 2016. [En línea]. Available: http://www.cienciamx.com/index.php/tecnologia/biotecnologia/8476-generacion-de-celulosa-a-partir-de-desechos-de-la-planta-del-platano.

[3]A. Cortéz, «ELABORACIÓN DE PAPEL A BASE DE RESIDUOS DE BANANO,» Guayaquil, 2014.

[4]M. Dávalos and S. Zurita, «Organic paper, banana waste, environmental protection,» Universidad Politécnica del Litoral, Chile, 2004.

[5]G. Castillo-Tumaille and W. Espinoza- Espinoza, «Análisis de aceptación del papel a base de pinzote de banano como alternativa de,» Ingeniería Industrial. Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias, vol. V, nº 18, pp. 59-70, 2017.

[6]M. Mazzeo, L. León, L. Mejía, L. Guerrero and J. Botero, «APROVECHAMIENTO INDUSTRIAL DE RESIDUOS DE COSECHA Y POSCOSECHA DEL PLÁTANO EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE CALDAS,» Educación en Ingeniería, vol. junio de 2010, nº 9, pp. 128-139, 2010.

[7]M. Arzola and A. Mejías, «Modelo conceptual para gestionar la innovación en las empresas del sector servicios,» Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, vol. 12, nº 37, pp. 80-98, 2007.

[8]I. Azman and S. Yusrizal, «Service quality as a predictor of satisfaction and customer loyalty.,» Scientific Journal of Logistics. , vol. 12, nº 4, pp. 269-283, 2016.
An Inverse Approach to Windows' Resource-Based Permission Mechanism for Access Permission Vulnerability Detection
Authors: TEMİZ Hakan , BÜYÜKEKE Ahmet
Published: January 2022

In organizations, employees work with information stored in files according to their duties and responsibilities. Windows uses resource-based access permissions that any permission for any user has to be set separately per resource. This approach gets complicated as the number of resources and users increase, and causes oversights in assigning permissions. Therefore, a special mechanism is required to scrutinize what permissions any employee has on any set of resources. This requirement is circumvented by reversing the Windows’ approach in terms of user-accessible resources. This approach is implemented by a program allowing quick and easy examination of any type of permissions granted or denied to active directory users on any folder. In this way, administrators can make sure there is no any missing or overlooked setting that could cause a security vulnerability. This approach can easily be extended to scrutinize other resources, and for other local or active directory objects.
ETHNOLANGUAGE COMPETENCE OF THE POPULATION OF BASHKORTOSTAN IN CONDITIONS OF BILINGUALISM (based on results of ethnosociological studies)
Authors:   R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Studies – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Khaliulina Aigul
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the issues of language competence and speech activity of the population of the republic in different language situations. It was found that, despite the high level of recognition of the native language and language competence, individuals use Russian more when communicating. Such language behavior manifests itself not only in public places, in educational institutions or when communicating with close friends, but even in the family and household sphere. One of the factors of such speech activity of individuals is the ethno-linguistic environment, which contributes to the formation of linguistic competence and further generates linguistic behavior of individuals.
LABOR MOTIVATIONS OF THE POPULATION OF BASHKORTOSTAN IN A MARKET ECONOMY (according to ethnosociological surveys)
Authors:   R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Studies – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Safin Fail ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Ishemgulov Murat ,   R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Studies – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Kulsharipov Fanil ,   R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Studies – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science
Published: January 2022

The transition to a market economy has created certain difficulties in the field of employment and the material and financial situation of the population of the country. In this regard, in the Republic of Bashkortostan, due to the uneven settlement of ethnic groups in cities and in rural areas, there were certain difficulties. Despite the development of a market economy, a significant part of the population, regardless of ethnicity, prefers to work in state-owned enterprises, the number of which has significantly decreased over the years. At the same time, the share of those who want to engage in entrepreneurship and work "for themselves" is growing. The ongoing privatization of state property in the country is also ambiguously perceived by the population of the country. The problem of the economic and financial situation of the population motivates them to look for new sources of earning money to improve their financial condition.