bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Investigation of the Closure Relations for Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed by Swift in the Post-plateau Phase and the GRB Fundamental Plane
Authors: Srinivasaragavan G. P. , Dainotti M. G. , Fraija N. , Hernandez X. , Nagataki S. , Lenart A. , Bowden L. , Wagner R.
Published: October 2020

Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most explosive phenomena in the universe after the big bang. A large fraction of GRB lightcurves (LCs) shows X-ray plateaus. We perform the most comprehensive analysis of all GRBs (with known and unknown redshifts) with plateau emission observed by The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory from its launch until 2019 August. We fit 455 LCs showing a plateau and explore whether these LCs follow closure relations, relations between the temporal and spectral indices of the afterglow, corresponding to two distinct astrophysical environments and cooling regimes within the external forward shock (ES) model, and find that the ES model works for the majority of cases. The most favored environments are a constant-density interstellar or wind medium with slow cooling. We also confirm the existence of the fundamental plane relation between the rest-frame time and luminosity at the end of the plateau emission and the peak prompt luminosity for this enlarged sample, and test this relation on groups corresponding to the astrophysical environments of our known redshift sample. The plane becomes a crucial discriminant corresponding to these environments in terms of the best-fitting parameters and dispersions. Most GRBs for which the closure relations are fulfilled with respect to astrophysical environments have an intrinsic scatter σ compatible within 1σ of that of the “Gold” GRBs, a subset of long GRBs with relatively flat plateaus. We also find that GRBs satisfying closure relations indicating a fast cooling regime have a lower σ than ever previously found in literature.
Cloud Atlas: Unraveling the Vertical Cloud Structure with the Time-series Spectrophotometry of an Unusually Red Brown Dwarf
Authors: Lew Ben W. P. , Apai Dániel , Marley Mark , Saumon Didier , Schneider Glenn , Zhou Yifan , Cowan Nicolas B. , Karalidi Theodora , Manjavacas Elena , Bedin L. R. , Miles-Páez Paulo A.
Published: October 2020

Rotational modulations of emission spectra in brown dwarf and exoplanet atmospheres show that clouds are often distributed non-uniformly in these ultracool atmospheres. The spatial heterogeneity in cloud distribution demonstrates the impact of atmospheric dynamics on cloud formation and evolution. In this study, we update the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) time-series data analysis of the previously reported rotational modulations of WISEP J004701+680352—an unusually red late-L brown dwarf with a spectrum similar to that of the directly imaged planet HR 8799e. We construct a self-consistent spatially heterogeneous cloud model to explain the HST and the Spitzer time-series observations, as well as the time-averaged spectra of WISE 0047. In the heterogeneous cloud model, a cloud thickness variation of around one pressure scale height explains the wavelength dependence in the HST near-IR spectral variability. By including disequilibrium CO/CH4 chemistry, our models also reproduce the redder

color of WISE 0047 compared to that of field brown dwarfs. We discuss the impact of vertical cloud structure on atmospheric profile and estimate the minimum eddy diffusivity coefficient for other objects with redder colors. Our data analysis and forward modeling results demonstrate that time-series spectrophotometry with a broad wavelength coverage is a powerful tool for constraining heterogeneous atmospheric structure.
Surface Brightness Evolution of Galaxies in the CANDELS GOODS Fields up to z ∼ 6: High-z Galaxies Are Unique or Remain Undetected
Authors: Whitney A. , Conselice C. J. , Duncan K. , Spitler L. R.
Published: October 2020

We investigate the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV, λ ∼ 2000 Å) surface brightness (SB) evolution of galaxies up to z ∼ 6 using a variety of deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging. UV SB is a measure of the density of emission from mostly young stars and correlates with an unknown combination of star formation rate, initial mass function, cold gas mass density, dust attenuation, and the size evolution of galaxies. In addition to physical effects, the SB is, unlike magnitude, a more direct way in which a galaxy’s detectability is determined. We find a very strong evolution in the intrinsic SB distribution that declines as

, decreasing by 4–5 mag arcsec−2 between z = 6 and z = 1. This change is much larger than expected in terms of the evolution in UV luminosity, sizes, or dust extinction, and we demonstrate that this evolution is “unnatural” and due to selection biases. We also find no strong correlation between mass and UV SB. Thus, deep HST imaging is unable to discover all of the most massive galaxies in the distant universe. Through simulations we show that only ∼15% of galaxies that we can detect at z = 2 would be detected at high z. We furthermore explore possible origins of high-SB galaxies at high z by investigating the relationship between intrinsic SB and star formation rates. We conclude that ultra–high-SB galaxies are produced by very gas-rich dense galaxies that are in a unique phase of evolution, possibly produced by mergers. Analogs of such galaxies do not exist in the relatively nearby universe.
Humanisme médical et médecine complémentaire, alternative et intégrative
Authors: Pietschmann Inès Sophie , Mertz Marcel , Broi Antonin
Published: October 2020

L’avènement de la biomédecine moderne est souvent considéré comme une avancée majeure. Cependant, l’ humanisme médical remet en question l’idée que la biomédecine actuelle et son système de santé soient (encore) suffisamment tournés vers des valeurs humanistes telles que la dignité, l’autonomie, l’individualité, l’empathie ou l’humilité. À côté de la biomédecine, il existe cependant de nombreuses approches relevant de la médecine non conventionnelle qui affirment fréquemment être davantage holistiques ou empathiques que la biomédecine. Cette contribution souhaite donc examiner si la médecine dite complémentaire, alternative et intégrative (MCAI) pourrait mieux correspondre aux valeurs attribuées à l’humanisme médical que la biomédecine.
Approche intersectionnelle et postcoloniale d’un privilège
Authors: Le Renard Saba A.
Published: October 2020

À partir d’une enquête sociologique sur le privilège occidental tel qu’il se déploie entre Dubaï et la France, cet article intervient dans deux débats au sein du champ de l’intersectionnalité : comment cette notion peut-elle se combiner avec les approches transnationales et postcoloniales ? Est-il pertinent d’utiliser l’intersectionnalité pour travailler sur des personnes en position dominante ? L’article montre qu’à Dubaï, tou·te·s les titulaires de passeports occidentaux bénéficient d’avantages, mais pas des mêmes avantages : les contrats d’expatriation et packages famille suravantagent des hommes blancs. Le fossé entre les expériences se creuse à moyen terme. Certain·e·s sont mobiles, tandis que d’autres se sentent contraint·e·s de rester à Dubaï. Certaines carrières, notamment de femmes non-blanches, tournent court. L’expérience d’un privilège est alors précaire et éphémère. Enfin, les projections en France sur le Golfe n’affectent pas tou·te·s les personnes qui en reviennent de la même manière.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Robot-Children Interaction for Autism Syndrome
Authors: Chathurani T. D. K. Upeksha , Wijethunge Akila
Published: October 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered a lifelong disability which causes deficits in both social and cognitive functions and affects to the quality of an individual life. The limited human resources, time, and considerable cost have affected the diagnosis and treatment methods of ASD over the world. The state of the art implies how modern technologies and robotics can offer promising tools to reinforce the researches and therapies of ASD. Robots have been shown to have a promise approach as therapeutic tools that can be implemented to diagnose ASD, improve social interaction in the scope of stimulating emotional engagement and physical activity engagement while creating an interactive environment with less anxiety. Nowadays, AI has become a significant and frequent factor in robotic solutions, introducing flexibility and learning capabilities for the applications. Impact of introducing AI for robotics solutions to autism syndrome has been discussed throughout this chapter.
Intelligent Driving Using Cognitive Science
Authors: Mudaliar Ranjani Arsu , Rajurkar Sonal Sanjay , Thirugnanam Mythili
Published: October 2020

Due to negligence by drivers, there might be large number of road accidents. In order to overcome this current issue, various methodologies were used to combine the artificial intelligence theory and road traffic control system. In addition to that, researches were performed regarding driving behaviours which include intelligent driving and artificial driving. These two behaviours were based on cognitive science and as well as simulation. Cognitive science is scientific study of the mind and its processes. In the current research papers, autonomous driving system was implemented but had some drawbacks while overtaking. Therefore, this work aims to modify and implement an intelligent driving system to help the drivers and lower the accident rates.
The Effects of Remote Work on Family Relationships
Authors: Montaudon-Tomas Cynthia M. , Pinto-López Ingrid N. , Yañez-Moneda Alicia L. , Amsler Anna
Published: October 2020

This chapter analyses the effects of remote work on family relationships during confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is centered on faculty and staff members from a private business school in Puebla, Mexico. The research was conducted almost five months after the university closed its doors and moved all its activities online, having participants time to adapt to the new normal. A scale was developed and validated, and later on, it was applied in a country where family values, cultures, and traditions are strong. The scale included five distinct areas of study: remote working conditions, time and task management, work performance, stress, and family relations. All the business school faculty and administrative staff were invited to participate in the study. Results show employees' perceptions about how working remotely positively or negatively affected their relationships at home and their productivity at work, leading to the design of best practices and useful guidelines that will minimize the adverse effects of remote work while enhancing the positive ones.
Developing Leadership Talent for Success in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Kişi Nermin
Published: October 2020

Digital disruption brought by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies has a major impact on cultures, strategies, structures, and processes of organizations. This change also requires a shift in leadership mindset to respond to opportunities, challenges, and dilemmas in the implementation of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Moreover, effective leadership in the digital age requires developing a wide variety of core components of leadership. Therefore, improving the essential characteristics, capabilities, and skills of leaders plays a pivotal role in accelerating the path to success in the I4.0. In this regard, this chapter provides an in-depth discussion on leadership aspects of I4.0. The purpose of this chapter is to first present emerging leadership styles in I4.0. The chapter also explores what leadership roles have become more relevant in the age of I4.0 and what kind of fundamental leadership skills they need to possess in order to succeed.
Future of Work and Its Implication on Employee Well-Being in the 4IR Era
Authors: Abe Ethel N. , Abe Isaac Idowu , Adisa Olalekan
Published: October 2020

Capitalist corporations seek ever-new opportunities for trade and gain. As competition intensifies within markets, profit-seeking corporations innovate and diversify their products in an unceasing pursuit of new market niches. The incessant changes and unpredictable nature of capitalism often leads to insecurity regarding job loss. Job insecurity has been empirically proven to have negative effects on individuals and organisations. It associates to reduced job satisfaction and decreased mental health. A longitudinal Swedish study showed an indirect effect of trust on job satisfaction and mental health of employees. The advent of AIs, humanoids, robotics, and digitization present reason for employees to worry about the future of their work. A recent study conducted by the McKinsey Global Institute reports that by 2030, a least 14% of employees globally could need changing their careers as a result of the rapid rate of digitization, robotics, and advancement in artificial intelligence disruptions in the world of work.
Future of Work
Authors: Abe Ethel Ndidiamaka , Abe Isaac Idowu , Adisa Olalekan
Published: October 2020

Work as we know it has changed with the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Prior to the advent of the 41R, skill gaps have been widening. Though the 4IR comes with bright projections, it also will predict the way things are done and the requisite skills to have. Clearly, not everyone will be up to date with the needed skills in the future work environment. Intricate underlying factors about the future of work have fuelled debates bothering on the issues of digitization on work and professions, artificial intelligence (AI), and the uncertainty of work and careers left after automation. The changing patterns of work and work arrangements, the gig economy, as well as fissured jobs (involving employment as outsourced services) are of great concern. Also rife are matters around work-skill misalignment expected in the 4IR as the presentation skills that employees have may not be relevant in the new world of work. Therefore, skill obsolescence and the need to reskill and/or upskill is expected.
The Snowball Effect
Authors: Fuhrmann Laura L. , Wallace Andrea M.
Published: October 2020

Recognizing the persistent problem of the underrepresentation of women in computer science, this chapter examines the barriers existing in the kindergarten through Grade 12 educational environment. It explores the vicious cycle that exists in the education field, as the change agents are predominantly women. Much of the research from the past decade reiterates the issue but substantive changes to reduce the gender gap have not occurred at rates that keep pace with the evolving digital society. This chapter offers practical solutions to (1) distinguish between computer science, instructional technology, and digital literacy in the K-12 educational setting; (2) propose ways to promote opportunities in these environments, for all students, with a focus on the underrepresented female population; (3) formulate strategies for educational leaders to incorporate computer science knowledge including computational thinking skills into teacher preparation programs and professional development to support those never exposed.
Minority Students in Computer Science
Authors: Hur Jung Won
Published: October 2020

Over the past decade, a number of collaborative efforts to expand computer science (CS) education in U.S. K-12 schools have been made (e.g., CS 10K and CSforAll). Despite various efforts, minority students, such as African Americans and Hispanics, still face unique barriers to accessing CS courses, resulting in the underrepresentation of minorities in the field of CS. This chapter reviews factors affecting minority students' interest in and access to CS learning and identified barriers, such as a lack of CS courses offered in schools, students' lack of self-efficacy in CS, and a lack of role model who can encourage minority students to study CS in college. The chapter also introduces the culturally responsive teaching (CRT) framework, followed by a discussion on how teachers can incorporate CRT strategies to create culturally responsive computing learning environments where minority students' engagement and success in CS are promoted.
Safe and Secure Home Automation Through IoT Applications
Authors: Rastogi Rohit , Jain Puru , Jain Rishabh
Published: October 2020

In current conditions, robotization has changed into the fundamental piece of our lives. Everybody is completely subject to mechanization whether it is an extraordinary bundling or home robotization. So as to bring home automation into thought, everybody now needs a heterogeneous state security, and in our task on residential robotization, such high security highlights are completely on the best possible consumption for this reason. In light of the structure of the interruption zone, there are some fundamental interests in it. Piezoelectric sensors are compelling for sharpening appropriated wellbeing checking and structures. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a structure that screen for suspicious movement and issues alarms when such advancement is found. While impossible to miss worthiness and presentation is, some obstruction divulgence structures are fit to take practice when poisonous improvement or peculiar action is perceived.
Beyond the Haze of Carnival Candles
Authors: Kretzer Andreas
Published: October 2020

This chapter addresses new approaches for design and production practices by applying film as a medium and production design techniques as a method in (interior) architectural education. In various courses and formats with international students on Bachelor and Master level, the author is exploring cinematic tools for phenomenological analysis, scenographic reinterpretation, and architectural storytelling in order to expand the range and toolbox of contemporary academic teaching in the architectural context. The common ground of architectural and cinematic space goes back much further than the history of film itself. But despite comprehensive literature on both the topic of sequence in architecture and fundamental film theoretical writings on cinematic space, we are still the men who stare at static representations. Off the beaten path of tried and tested design methods and beyond Gottfried Semper's “haze of carnival candles,” cinematic methods are providing valuable tools for the creation, evaluation and representation of spatial designs in (interior) architecture.
Best Practices in Project-Based Learning
Authors: Rosenblum Jason
Published: October 2020

A retrospective case study design was used to analyze online instructional technology courses at two US universities. A project-based learning design model was used for both complete online delivery and emergency remote teaching formats. Although deep areas of scholarship exist for online learning, project-based learning, and digital media literacies, research in the area of project-based learning designs to support technical learning in online courses is nascent. A review of these areas of literature is presented, and results from this case analysis are presented as recommendations to faculty who wish to design project-based learning for online technical courses, or for those who are planning emergency remote teaching conversions for similar technical courses.
The Social Media, Politics of Disinformation in Established Hegemonies, and the Role of Technological Innovations in 21st Century Elections
Authors: Wogu Ikedinachi Ayodele Power , Njie Sharon Nanyongo N. , Katende Jesse Oluwafemi , Ukagba George Uzoma , Edogiawerie Morris Oziegbe , Misra Sanjay
Published: October 2020

Deep concerns about the rise in the number of technological innovations used for perpetrating viral dissemination of disinformation, via major social media platforms during multiparty elections, have been expressed. As strategy scholars observe, it is inimical to democratic systems whose election results are questioned by reason of faulty electoral processes. The Marxian alienation theory and Marilyn's ex-post facto research designs were used for evaluating the consequences of adopting political disinformation strategies (PDS) as tools for manipulation, via innovative artificial intelligent technologies, on established social media networks during recent democratic elections in the US and other rising hegemonies. The study observed that most governments and expert political campaigners continue to find it a politically viable platform suitable for swinging the votes of electorates in desired directions. Authors recommended stiffer regulations for media platforms and party agents as this would aid discontinuing the practice of PDS during elections in established and rising hegemonies.
“TRANSVER” O ENSINO
Authors: Faria Sâmela Estéfany Francisco , Gomes Jacqueline de Souza
Published: October 2020

Este ensaio, reconhecendo que a indisciplina tende a ser uma das principais queixas no ambiente escolar, questiona o próprio conceito de disciplina e perspectivas que defendem o ensino disciplinar. Nosso ponto de partida é o pensamento de Morin sobre complexidade a fim de promovermos uma ruptura com o conceito linear de disciplina, tão imaculado no ensino tradicional e representante de uma prática escolar conectada ao viés normatizador, que se rege por normas, regras, modos de ser e estar no mundo, promovendo práticas excludentes sob um olhar enviesado que vê o diverso como inadequado. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica, fundamentada em autores como bell hooks, Michel Foucault, Paulo Freire e Edgar Morin, refletimos sobre o disciplinamento ínsito na lógica normatizadora das práticas opressoras e de dominação do outro. A partir disso, apresentamos como forma de superação dessa lógica nas escolas a educação como prática da liberdade, alicerçada na concepção de transdisciplinaridade.
OS PROJETOS TEMÁTICOS NA ESCOLA PÚBLICA E A PRODUÇÃO DE AUSÊNCIAS EPISTÊMICAS
Authors: Prado Paulo Afonso do , Vieira Aline Rosa Valente , Mello Maristela Barenco Correa de , Milagres Yuri Marx Silva
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo busca problematizar – a partir das inquietações de um professor da referida rede pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (integrante do grupo de autores deste estudo -, a lógica produtora de ausências epistêmicas, que subjaz aos projetos temáticos das escolas da rede pública de educação, mesmo quando estes buscam seguir as diretrizes da legislação educacional brasileira que aspira uma perspectiva interdisciplinar.  O artigo empreende uma análise teórico-epistemológica a partir das propostas (estruturas) do Currículo e o (do) Projeto Político Pedagógico do Colégio Estadual Johenir Henriques Viégas em diálogo com os estudos de Santos (1987, 2007, 2008), Foucault (1999), Lopes (2011) Morin (2000, 2010), Larrosa (2003, 20013) e Maturana (2005), que constituem o referencial teórico utilizado na reflexão, com o qual os autores buscam propor outros sentidos para a Interdisciplinaridade.
A INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE E OS SEUS DESAFIOS NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE SENTIDOS, LÓGICAS E PRÁTICAS E PRÁTICAS POLÍTICO-PEDAGÓGICAS DIALÓGICAS EFETIVAS
Authors: Mello Maristela Barenco Corrêa de , Rabelo Amanda Oliveira
Published: October 2020

O objetivo desta publicação é forjar um campo de reflexão em torno da problemática da interdisciplinaridade – um conceito extremamente desafiante, nas perspectivas teórico-práticas, que tem sido utilizado mais como adjetivo e complemento, agregador de um determinado contexto, tendo em vista a sua validação, do que em sua lógica e em suas possibilidades efetivas. O conceito de interdisciplinaridade tornou-se um termo quase obrigatório em ciência, mas cuja polissemia e uso irrestrito e genérico o enfraquecem, sobretudo em um cenário de hiperespecializações.
ENTRE A MORALIDADE E A RELIGIOSIDADE
Authors: Amorim Simone Silveira , Pinto Manoela Barbosa
Published: October 2020

Este artigo objetiva identificar de que maneira a legislação que institucionalizou provas para concurso para o magistério primário contribuiu para a definição dos saberes necessários à prática docente e para a configuração do trabalho docente na província de Sergipe na década de 70 do século XIX. Para tanto, tomou-se como base a contribuição teórico-metodológica da História Cultural e as discussões de Elias (1994, 2001),  Tardif (2014) e Amorim (2014), com o intuito de compreender como se configurou e se institucionalizou a profissão docente em Sergipe, identificando os saberes necessários à prática profissional, assim como as tensões no campo, mais especificamente no âmbito do ensino primário, verificando, assim, de que forma se constituiu o perfil profissional pensado para o projeto de constituição de nação para o Brasil. Utilizando como fontes documentos manuscritos como ofícios, cartas e projetos de leis identificados no acervo da Biblioteca Nacional, além de provas de concurso para professores primários encontradas no Acervo Público do Estado de Sergipe, notou-se que os saberes docentes necessários à prática profissional estavam imbuídos de forte apelo moral e religioso, aspectos que deveriam compor o perfil profissional dos que seriam responsáveis por formar as bases da sociedade sergipana.
A LIGA DAS SENHORAS CATÓLICAS DE CURITIBA
Authors: Tortelli Eliane , Almeida Orlando Evelyn
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo, consideramos as representações em revistas e jornais do Paraná da Liga das Senhoras Católicas de Curitiba (LSCC), no período de 1953 a 1960, mais especificamente do Jornal o Dia, do estado do Paraná. O objetivo é perceber as representações desse movimento católico de mulheres em nossa sociedade, na interligação com os interesses da implementação e divulgação dos objetivos da Igreja Católica em recristianizar a sociedade brasileira. Por meio desse movimento identificamos também as lideranças femininas que se destacaram e atuaram como mediadoras culturais através da implementação da Liga no âmbito nacional.
Design and Development of Magnetorheological Fluid Machine for Flat Surface Finish
Authors: Myataza Odwa , Abou-El-Hossein Khaled
Published: October 2020

Surface finishing of glass and ceramics flats is difficult to perform using already existing traditional processes because of the brittle nature of these materials. In order to make traditional processes be able to accommodate these materials, relatively expensive aiding devices and approaches are required. The newly developed magnetorheological (MR) fluid finishing offers a solution to this problem at a relatively low cost. Magnetorheological fluids have been used in mechanical engineering applications because of the rheological behavior they possess under a magnetic field which enables the manipulation and pressure of loose abrasives on the machined surfaces and perform cutting action. This paper describes the design and development of an MR fluid machine-tool for flat surface finishing. The design presented herewith includes the design of the mechanical aspects of the ball-end tool machine and its support structure for a three-axis motion system. The objective of this study is realized based on utilizing a magnetic field, magnetorheological fluid and CNC router design to perform flat surface finishing.
Stress Relaxation Behavior of GH4169 Alloy
Authors: Lu Xu Dong , Shi Song Yi , Wen Bo , Zhang Ya Wei , Du Jin Hui
Published: October 2020

The relaxation properties of GH4169 alloy were studied contrastively at temperatures ranging from 600 oC to 700 °C and initial stress ranging from 550 MPa to 850 MPa. The relationship between the microstructure and relaxation behavior was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy techniques. It was found that the relaxation limit and relaxation stability of the alloy decreased obviously with the increase of temperature. Further investigations show that the relaxation behavior is mainly depend on both precipitate characteristics and its interaction with dislocations. The alloy with higher strength lever has more excellent stress relaxation stability, because of the inhibition of a large number subgrains on dislocations motion.
Effect of Mussel Shells as a Permeable Reactive Barrier in Municipal Sewage Sludge Treatment by Electrokinetic Remediation
Authors: Ribeiro André , Mota André , Araújo Jorge , Vilarinho Cândida , Carvalho Joana
Published: October 2020

IIn this work, it was evaluate the utilization of mussel shells (raw and calcinated) as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for the treatment of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) contaminated with heavy metals, creating a novel combined system, which integrates two technologies: electrokinetic remediation technology, and adsorption by the utilization of mussel shells adsorbents. Regarding the adsorption process into the mussel shells adsorbents, it was also aimed to study the influence of aragonite and calcite on the adsorption of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn). For the preparation of the PRB, it was used three adsorbents: MEXMT (raw mussel shells); MEXMT 600 (mussel shells calcinated at 600°C) and finally, a commercial calcium carbonate (CCCom). It was applied an electric current of 1 V cm-1 and it was used an adsorbent/sludge ratio of 30 g kg-1 of contaminated sludge for the preparation of the PRB. Results proved that this process is perfectly suited for the removal of the heavy metals understudy from the sludge, especially with MEXMT (raw mussel shells) adsorbent. With this adsorbent, at the end of the 92 hours of operation time, it was obtained high removal rates for each metal in study. Results demonstrate that higher removals rates were achieved in lead (92%), followed by zinc (82%), copper (76%), and finally chromium with 72%. Based on these results, it was proved the technical viability of the proposed technology (electrokinetic remediation with raw mussel shells as a permeable reactive barrier) to treat municipal sewage sludges.
Within-group spatial position and activity budget of wild sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Gba Bomey Clément , Bene Jean-Claude Koffi , Gone Bi Zoro Bertin , Mielke Alexander , Kone Inza
Published: October 2020

Within social groups, feeding competition and predation pressure affect individual spatial position. The costs and benefits associated to each position are likely to influence the time that individuals allocate to different activities. Whether the effect of spatial positioning on activity budget differs between individuals of different sex or dominance rank remains unclear. This study aimed at investigating the effect of within-group spatial position on the activity budget of male and female sooty mangabeys. Focal behavioral observations was used to collect the individual location and behavior every 15 minutes (N=5115 locations) on 29 individuals from a wild group of sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) in the Taï National Park. The joint effect of rank, sex and spatial position on individual‟s activity budget was investigated. Females were more central in the group and both fed and rested more than males, independently of their rank. High-ranking  individuals from both sexes were more likely to be central and both fed and rested longer than low-ranking ones. Females and high-ranking individuals from both sexes benefit from their social status by adopting spatial positions in the community that could influence their fitness positively. These results are discussed to improve our understanding of social dynamics in wild primates.Keywords: Spatial position, primates, socio-ecology, social dynamics.
Habitats naturels des écosystèmes du Cameroun
Authors: Onana Jean-Michel , Fobane Jean Louis , Biye Elvire Hortense , Tchatchouang Eric Ngansop , Mbolo Marguérite Marie Abada
Published: October 2020

Dans le cadre de la Stratégie et le Plan d’Action National sur la Biodiversité, afin d’améliorer la compréhension et la documentation des écosystèmes, l’objectif de cette étude est l’identification et la cartographie les habitats naturels du Cameroun. Les matériels utilisés ont été les référentiels  constitués de la classification standard des habitats de l’Union   Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature (UICN) pour la  nomenclature, et les cartes phytogéographique, du relief et de  l’hydrographie pour les habitats terrestres et aquatiques pour les cartes thématiques respectivement. Les méthodes ont été d’adapter la  classification de l’UICN à celle des phytochories pour la nomenclature ; et la fabrique des délimitations sur des fonds de cartes existantes pour la  cartographie. Les résultats obtenus sont la reconnaissance de différents  types d’habitats naturels du Cameroun : trois cartes qui présentent les  délimitations des habitats naturels terrestres par écosystème, et  aquatiques par bassin hydrographique ; et que la répartition des habitats terrestres est corrélée avec la nature des sols. Ces données complètent les connaissances sur les écosystèmes et sont un outil pour l’application de l’approche par écosystème. C’est une contribution à la cartographie des milieux naturels du Cameroun en rapport avec la gestion durable de la biodiversité.Mots clés. Cameroun, habitat naturel, écosystème, phytochorie,  hydrographie, cartographie. English Title: Natural habitats of the ecosystems of CameroonWithin the framework of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, to improve the understanding and documentation of the ecosystems, the objectives of this study are the identification and the mapping of natural habitats of Cameroon. The materials used have been the referentials made up of the classification standard scheme of the habitats of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for  nomenclature, and the phytogeographic, relief and hydrography maps for terrestrial and aquatic habitats respectively. The methods have been to adapt the IUCN classification to that of phytochoria for nomenclature; and fabricate boundaries on existing maps for cartography. The results obtain are the recognition of different natural habitat types in Cameroon: three maps showing the boundaries of terrestrial natural habitats by ecosystem, and aquatic by watershed; and that the distribution of terrestrial habitats is correlated with the nature of the soil. These data improve the knowledge on ecosystems, and are an instrument for the implementation of the  ecosystem approach. It’s a contribution to the mapping of natural  environments of Cameroon in relation with the sustainable management of the biodiversity.Keywords: Cameroon, natural habitat, ecosystem, phytochoria, hydrography, mapping
Food and feeding habits of Hemichromis fasciatus Peters, 1857 and Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829) in lake Ehuikro (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Kouadio Akissi Nathalie , Konan Yao Aristide , Yao Stanislas Silvain , Gogbé Zeré Marius , Gooré Bi Gouli
Published: October 2020

The main of this study was to compare the diet of Hemichromis fasciatus (Perciformes, Cichlidae) and Heterotis niloticus (Osteoglossiformes, Arapaimidae) in Lake Ehuikro (Bongouanou, Ivory Coast). Ffish were caught using gillnets between July 2017 and June 2018. A total of 206 stomachs of H. fasciatus and 71 stomachs of H. niloticus were examined and the relative importance index (RI) was used to analyze the importance of different items. Results indicate that both species are omnivorous tending towards insectivorous with a predominance of Chaoboridae. Despite the overlap obtained in diet of both species (Cλ = 0.89), the ecological niche was small and wide in H. fasciatus and H. niloticus, respectively. Dietary variations indicated ontogenic changes in the first specie and seasonal changes in the second specie. Proportion of mineral fraction observed in stomach contents suggests pelagic feeding behavior in H. fasciatus and benthic behavior in H. niloticus.Keywords: Diet, fish, omnivorous, insectivorous, ecological niche.
Rice Farmers’ Adoption and Economic Benefits of Integrated Pest Management in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Bulkis Sitti , Rahmadanih Rahmadanih , Nasruddin Andi
Published: October 2020

The study examined the adoption levels and economic benefits of IPM among rice farmers in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The research was conducted in two main rice producing areas of the province, Soppeng and Maros Regencies. Simple random sampling was employed in selecting 20% of the total populations, resulting in sample sizes of 69 repondents in Soppeng and 52 respondents in Maros. A structured questionnaire was used in direct interview with the selected respondents to obtain data on their socio-economic profile, IPM implementation, and profit gained from IPM. Percentage was used to present the data. In both regencies, overall IPM adoption rates were high with most respondents were categorized as medium and high IPM adopters with adoption rates of 85.1% in Soppeng and 88.5% in Maros. The medium and high IPM adopters gained more economic profits of 26.9% in Soppeng and 16%% in Maros in comparison to the low IPM adopters. The high adoption rates indicated that although the nationwide IPM Program has ended in late 1990’s, there was a continuous technological transfer from older farmers who participated in IPM-FFS to younger farmer generation. In order to improve IPM implementation by the younger farmers, they need to be provided with intensive extension support for IPM innovations.

Keywords: Integrated pest management, rice farmers, adoption, economic benefit
Farmers’ Adoption of Organic Rice Production in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand
Authors: Suwanmaneepong Suneeporn , Kerdsriserm Chanhathai , Iyapunya Krichanont , Wongtragoon Unggoon
Published: October 2020

This study analysed the factors affecting the adoption of organic rice production in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire completed by 108 farmers: (58 organic rice farmers and 50 non-organic rice farmers) in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. A t-test was employed to investigate the differences in the demographics of organic and non-organic rice farmers, and percentage mean, and standard deviation was used to describe farmers’ attitudes. Logistic regression was employed to investigate factors influencing organic rice adoption, educational level, and farm size were significantly different between the organic and non-organic rice farmers. Education (positive), farming experience (positive), age of household head (negative) and farm size (negative) had highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) influences on organic farming adoption. The farmers’ attitude toward environmental concern was the most important reason for adopting organic rice farming. This research identified the factors affecting the adoption of organic rice farming; this information can be used to encourage farmers to practice organic rice farming in the targeted organic rice area in Thailand. In addition, the farmers’ attitudes toward organic farming systems could be used to help support farmers practicing organic rice farming.

Keywords: organic rice adoption, organic rice production, organic farming adoption, farmer attitudes.
Effect of Cooperative Learning on Students’ Achievements in Literature in English Subject: A Case of Dodoma City, Tanzania
Authors: Faustino Anagrolia , Muneja Mussa
Published: October 2020

The study sought to establish effectiveness of Cooperative Learning in Literature in English Subject among government Secondary Schools in Dodoma City, Tanzania. Through survey research design, questionnaires were distributed to 160 students who took the Literature in English subject but the respondent rate was 150 (93.75%). Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The study revealed that the rate of cooperative learning effectiveness is high. This is due to the fact that students either strongly agreed or agreed with all the items in the questionnaire regarding effectiveness in Literature in English. Further, the study concludes that the achievement in Literature in English subject is high. This is due to the fact that students agreed with all the items in the questionnaire regarding the achievement in Literature in English subject. Finally, the study established that there is a significant relationship between interest in Literature in English subject and students’ academic achievement in the subject. The study recommends that teachers should strive to maintain the effectiveness in cooperative learning which is the key factor for learning effectiveness. They should also take advantage of students’ interest in Literature in English subject as a way to mobilize them maintain positive attitude toward that subject. Secondly, teachers should try to convince students who are not taking the Literature in English subject to do so since the subject is manageable as students who take it performed well. Lastly, since interest in learning increases students achievement in Literature in English subject, there is need to inculcate the positive attitude toward Literature in English subject since primary school level so that when students join secondary schools they already have interest in the subject.
Conceptual Study of Techno-Stress on Women in Non-IT Sector
Authors: Mallick Ms. Koyel
Published: October 2020

Over past few months, teaching and technology experienced a special bond owning to the Covid-19 induced new normal. The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools in a work-from-home (WFH) scenario though proved prospective for many user/educators. In the hindsight, it has disrupted work-life balance causing counterproductive results. The stakes were high with inadequate training, fund allocation, unidentified strategies, skill deficit and scarce collaborative approaches in the teaching fraternity, further making it quite difficult for an educator to cope-up with sudden challenges to re-invent the teaching trends accordingly. Hence, in this milieu, fast gaining attention is idea of ‘Technostress’. It is conceptually defined as any form of ICT that stimulates stress over the user striving to interact effectively through numerous technological platforms/ gadgets for a substantial span of time. Though past researchers had analyzed it with job satisfaction, employee performance, work load, behavioral stress and aspects of work-family conflict; a special treatment of women educators (in Indian context) undergoing the stress is awaited. In furtherance, education technology with its affinity towards pedagogy, educational policy administrators, technology developers and market are yet to identify women educators need exclusively. Together factors bearing stress under technology-overdrive with strategies to alleviate the same. Now, it is time to reckon women educator’s need, ability, and interest, which should be mapped on optimum and effective use of technology.
Belief System & Mind Patterns: Conceptual Overview of Impact on Women’s Reproductive Health
Authors: Ramya Ms. K. , Manimozhi Dr. K.
Published: October 2020

A woman’s reproductive system is one of the delicate and complex parts of the body and there are numerous factors that affect it causing dysfunction of the associated organs. Various biological and psychological changes occur in the body that are connected to the reproductive system. Many researches have been carried out about how specific medical conditions, genetic factors, hormonal fluctuations, stressful life events, psychological factors, socioeconomic & cultural factors, changes in lifestyle, etc. act as contributors to women’s reproductive health. This research focuses on how one’s belief system, thought process and mind patterns induces complications or pathological conditions within the reproductive system as well as overall well-being of women. Suggestions are given on how women can change their limiting beliefs, thereby embracing womanhood to lead a healthy life.
ESCRAVOS E SERTANEJOS: HORIZONTE SOCIAL DO SÉCULO XIX, RESISTÊNCIA E TENSÕES EM VIDAS SECAS
Authors: Roque Andrius Felipe , Tarini Ana Maria de Fátima Leme
Published: October 2020

A partir da leitura da representação do escravo negro nos discursos político-históricos do século XIX, considerando ainda a hipótese de que ela formará, incidentalmente ou não, a matéria bruta para o retrato ficcional do sertanejo do século XX, este estudo propõe análise do romance Vidas Secas em suas soluções éticas e estéticas para a representação do oprimido, dialogando, portanto, com o pensamento social do século XIX e suas cristalizações sobre o negro escravo. Ao fim, espera-se ter demonstrado como Vidas Secas atualiza a apropriação do pobre na literatura, afastando-se das representações eivadas de vícios e preconceitos cristalizados pelo pensamento dominante.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Vidas Secas. Escravidão. Sertanejo. Pensamento social.
A STUDY ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF A LOCAL BOTTLE MANUFACTURING OPERATION: DEPLOYMENT OF LEAN PRINCIPLES AND DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION
Authors: Yorke Ezekiel , Chowdary Boppana , Bansee Jainarine
Published: October 2020

Local manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SME) have faced continuous challenges in competing with manufacturing firms of scale on the global market. Factors such as the presence of a traditional organisational structure and inefficient utilisation of resources have contributed to the challenges faced by local SMEs in keeping up with regional and international competitors within the manufacturing sector. To investigate the aforementioned challenges, a case study was conducted on a local bottle manufacturing SME which sought to improve their system performance across their Plastic Injection Melding (PIM) operation. Using strategies in the form of lean manufacturing as well as ARENA® simulation software, the challenges identified within their operation were observed and mitigated using key performance indicators. Lean strategies such as Heijunka, Kanban and Six Sigma were utilised as possible methods of reducing waste within the existing simulation model. When comparing the key performance indicators from the simulation, findings highlighted improvements in the Work in Process (WIP) and Waiting Time (WT) by 84.78% and 98.03% for the entire operation. A cost-benefit analysis was carried out to identify the most financially feasible strategy in purchasing the resources that were required for the strategy’s integration into the actual system.
ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSE AND EFFECTS OF PART DEFECTS IN ABS SAMPLES MADE USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Authors: Mohammed Arshad , Chowdary Boppana
Published: October 2020

This study highlights the cause and effects of part defects in ABS-Based samples using an additive manufacturing process. The parameters that were investigated include build orientation, infill pattern, number of contours, airgap, road width and annealing as a post-processing parameter. Samples were made, and their compressive strength was tested. Additionally, the tested samples were investigated using optical microscopy and the classification of their defects was done. This study is unique in investigating the effect of stress relief annealing along with build process parameters. Furthermore, the various defects associated with compressive failure in additively manufactured artefacts were categorized and a cause and effect diagram was derived which would enable designers to predict the areas of failure of a part.