bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facile and single-step route towards ZnO@C core–shell nanoparticles as an oxygen vacancy induced visible light active photocatalyst using the thermal decomposition of Zn(an)2(NO3)2
Authors: Sawant Sandesh Y. , Cho Moo Hwan
Published: July 2016

Zinc oxide/carbon core–shell nanoparticles, synthesized using thermal decomposition of zinc aniline nitrate complex, showed excellent visible-light driven photocatalytic activity.
High quality perovskite films fabricated from Lewis acid–base adduct through molecular exchange
Authors: Cao X. B. , Li Y. H. , Fang F. , Cui X. , Yao Y. W. , Wei J. Q.
Published: July 2016

High quality CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films without residual PbI2 are fabricated from the Lewis adduct of PbI2·xDMF through molecular exchange. The photovoltaic performances of the perovskite solar cells are thus improved significantly.
Facile hydrothermal synthesis of MoS2nano-sheets with controllable structures and enhanced catalytic performance for anthracene hydrogenation
Authors: Li Min , Wang Donge , Li Jiahe , Pan Zhendong , Ma Huaijun , Jiang Yuxia , Tian Zhijian
Published: July 2016

Intermediate MoS2with rich active sites and desired stability was controllably synthesized and exhibits optimized catalytic activity of anthracene hydrogenation.
Correction: Iminoboronates are efficient intermediates for selective, rapid and reversible N-terminal cysteine functionalisation
Authors: Faustino Hélio , Silva Maria J. S. A. , Veiros Luís F. , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L. , Gois Pedro M. P.
Published: July 2016

Correction for ‘Iminoboronates are efficient intermediates for selective, rapid and reversible N-terminal cysteine functionalisation’ by Hélio Faustino et al., Chem. Sci., 2016, 7, 5052–5058.
Three-dimensional carbon foam/N-doped graphene@MoS2hybrid nanostructures as effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Park Seung-Keun , Chung Dong Young , Ko Dongjin , Sung Yung-Eun , Piao Yuanzhe
Published: July 2016

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-based hybrid nanostructures have attracted much attention as promising alternatives to Pt-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Coding scheme based on multi‐dimensional constellations for relay‐assisted multi‐user system
Authors: Huang Ying , Lei Jing
Published: July 2016

For relay‐assisted system, better relay channel and instable direct transmission (DT) channel exist. The recent coding schemes always focus on how to improve the system performance when channels are in medium signal‐to‐noise ratios. For the instability of DT channel, a novel coding scheme with multi‐dimensional constellations at relay is proposed, which make use of the robust relay channel. The design rule based on best approximate performance is given in the form of an optimisation problem, and its general solution is also shown. In addition, the optimal relay‐coding matrix design for 8PSK and 16QAM has been discussed in detail. Simulation results show that the authors’ proposed coding scheme outperforms the conventional scheme with repetition and is more robust than other well designed schemes in confronting the instability of DT channel.
Transceiver design for cooperative non‐orthogonal multiple access systems with wireless energy transfer
Authors: Sun Ruijin , Wang Ying , Wang Xinshui , Zhang Yuan
Published: July 2016

In this study, an energy harvesting (EH)‐based cooperative non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system is considered, where node S simultaneously sends independent signals to a stronger node R and a weaker node D. The authors focus on the scenario that the direct link between S and D is too weak to meet the quality of service (QoS) of D. Based on the NOMA principle, R, the stronger user, has prior knowledge about the information of the weaker user, D. To satisfy the targeted rate of D, R also serves as an EH decode‐and‐forward relay to forward the traffic from S to D. In the sense of equivalent cognitive radio concept, R viewed as a secondary user assists to boost D’s performance, in exchange for receiving its own information from S. Specifically, transmitter beamforming, power splitter and receiver filter are jointly designed to maximise R’s rate with the predefined QoS constraint of D and the power constraint of S. Since the problem is non‐convex, they propose an iterative approach to solve it. Moreover, a zero‐forcing based low‐complexity solution is also presented. Simulation results demonstrate that, both two proposed schemes have better performance than the direction transmission.
Auditory Speech Perception Development in Relation to Patient's Age with Cochlear Implant
Authors: Ciscare Grace , Mantello Erika , Fortunato-Queiroz Carla , Hyppolito Miguel , Reis Ana
Published: July 2016

Introduction A cochlear implant in adolescent patients with pre-lingual deafness is still a debatable issue.

Objective The objective of this study is to analyze and compare the development of auditory speech perception in children with pre-lingual auditory impairment submitted to cochlear implant, in different age groups in the first year after implantation.

Method This is a retrospective study, documentary research, in which we analyzed 78 reports of children with severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, unilateral cochlear implant users of both sexes. They were divided into three groups: G1, 22 infants aged less than 42 months; G2, 28 infants aged between 43 to 83 months; and G3, 28 older than 84 months. We collected medical record data to characterize the patients, auditory thresholds with cochlear implants, assessment of speech perception, and auditory skills.

Results There was no statistical difference in the association of the results among groups G1, G2, and G3 with sex, caregiver education level, city of residence, and speech perception level. There was a moderate correlation between age and hearing aid use time, age and cochlear implants use time. There was a strong correlation between age and the age cochlear implants was performed, hearing aid use time and age CI was performed.

Conclusion There was no statistical difference in the speech perception in relation to the patient's age when cochlear implant was performed. There were statistically significant differences for the variables of auditory deprivation time between G3 - G1 and G2 - G1 and hearing aid use time between G3 - G2 and G3 - G1.
Two-photon LIF on the HIT-SI3 experiment: Absolute density and temperature measurements of deuterium neutrals
Authors: Elliott Drew , Sutherland Derek , Siddiqui Umair , Scime Earl , Everson Chris , Morgan Kyle , Hossack Aaron , Nelson Brian , Jarboe Tom
Published: July 2016

Two-photon laser-induced fluorescence measurements were performed on the helicity injected torus (HIT-SI3) device to determine the density and temperature of the background neutral deuterium population. Measurements were taken in 2 ms long pulsed plasmas after the inductive helicity injectors were turned off. Attempts to measure neutrals during the main phase of the plasma were unsuccessful, likely due to the density of neutrals being below the detection threshold of the diagnostic. An unexpectedly low density of atomic deuterium was measured in the afterglow; roughly 100 times lower than the theoretical prediction of 1017 m−3. The neutral temperatures measured were on the order of 1 eV. Temporally and spatially resolved neutral density and temperature data are presented.
The correlation between fragility, density, and atomic interaction in glass-forming liquids
Authors: Wang Lijin , Guan Pengfei , Wang W. H.
Published: July 2016

The fragility that controls the temperature-dependent viscous properties of liquids as the glass transition is approached, in various glass-forming liquids with different softness of the repulsive part of atomic interactions at different densities, is investigated by molecular dynamic simulations. We show that the landscape of fragility in purely repulsive systems can be separated into three regions denoted as RI, RII, and RIII, respectively, with qualitatively disparate dynamic behaviors: RI which can be described by “softness makes strong glasses,” RII where fragility is independent of softness and can only be tuned by density, and RIII with constant fragility, suggesting that density plays an unexpected role for understanding the repulsive softness dependence of fragility. What is more important is that we unify the long-standing inconsistence with respect to the repulsive softness dependence of fragility by observing that a glass former can be tuned more fragile if nonperturbative attraction is added into it. Moreover, we find that the vastly dissimilar influences of attractive interaction on fragility could be estimated from the structural properties of related zero-temperature glasses.
On the acoustic signature of tandem airfoils: The sound of an elastic airfoil in the wake of a vortex generator
Authors: Manela A.
Published: July 2016

The acoustic signature of an acoustically compact tandem airfoil setup in uniform high-Reynolds number flow is investigated. The upstream airfoil is considered rigid and is actuated at its leading edge with small-amplitude harmonic pitching motion. The downstream airfoil is taken passive and elastic, with its motion forced by the vortex-street excitation of the upstream airfoil. The non-linear near-field description is obtained via potential thin-airfoil theory. It is then applied as a source term into the Powell-Howe acoustic analogy to yield the far-field dipole radiation of the system. To assess the effect of downstream-airfoil elasticity, results are compared with counterpart calculations for a non-elastic setup, where the downstream airfoil is rigid and stationary. Depending on the separation distance between airfoils, airfoil-motion and airfoil-wake dynamics shift between in-phase (synchronized) and counter-phase behaviors. Consequently, downstream airfoil elasticity may act to amplify or suppress sound through the direct contribution of elastic-airfoil motion to the total signal. Resonance-type motion of the elastic airfoil is found when the upstream airfoil is actuated at the least stable eigenfrequency of the downstream structure. This, again, results in system sound amplification or suppression, depending on the separation distance between airfoils. With increasing actuation frequency, the acoustic signal becomes dominated by the direct contribution of the upstream airfoil motion, whereas the relative contribution of the elastic airfoil to the total signature turns negligible.
A curved edge diffraction-utilized displacement sensor for spindle metrology
Authors: Lee ChaBum , Mahajan Satish M. , Zhao Rui , Jeon Seongkyul
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a new dimensional metrological sensing principle for a curved surface based on curved edge diffraction. Spindle error measurement technology utilizes a cylindrical or spherical target artifact attached to the spindle with non-contact sensors, typically a capacitive sensor (CS) or an eddy current sensor, pointed at the artifact. However, these sensors are designed for flat surface measurement. Therefore, measuring a target with a curved surface causes error. This is due to electric fields behaving differently between a flat and curved surface than between two flat surfaces. In this study, a laser is positioned incident to the cylindrical surface of the spindle, and a photodetector collects the total field produced by the diffraction around the target surface. The proposed sensor was compared with a CS within a range of 500 μm. The discrepancy between the proposed sensor and CS was 0.017% of the full range. Its sensing performance showed a resolution of 14 nm and a drift of less than 10 nm for 7 min of operation. This sensor was also used to measure dynamic characteristics of the spindle system (natural frequency 181.8 Hz, damping ratio 0.042) and spindle runout (22.0 μm at 2000 rpm). The combined standard uncertainty was estimated as 85.9 nm under current experiment conditions. It is anticipated that this measurement technique allows for in situ health monitoring of a precision spindle system in an accurate, convenient, and low cost manner.
Tokamak-independent software analysis suite for multi-spectral line-polarization MSE diagnostics
Authors: Scott S. D. , Mumgaard R. T.
Published: July 2016

A tokamak-independent analysis suite has been developed to process data from Motional Stark Effect (mse) diagnostics. The software supports multi-spectral line-polarization mse diagnostics which simultaneously measure emission at the mse σ and π lines as well as at two “background” wavelengths that are displaced from the mse spectrum by a few nanometers. This analysis accurately estimates the amplitude of partially polarized background light at the σ and π wavelengths even in situations where the background light changes rapidly in time and space, a distinct improvement over traditional “time-interpolation” background estimation. The signal amplitude at many frequencies is computed using a numerical-beat algorithm which allows the retardance of the mse photo-elastic modulators (pem’s) to be monitored during routine operation. It also allows the use of summed intensities at multiple frequencies in the calculation of polarization direction, which increases the effective signal strength and reduces sensitivity to pem retardance drift. The software allows the polarization angles to be corrected for calibration drift using a system that illuminates the mse diagnostic with polarized light at four known polarization angles within ten seconds of a plasma discharge. The software suite is modular, parallelized, and portable to other facilities.
Voltage-controlled low-energy switching of nanomagnets through Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions for magnetoelectric device applications
Authors: Ghosh Bahniman , Dey Rik , Register Leonard F. , Banerjee Sanjay K.
Published: July 2016

In this article, we consider through simulation low-energy switching of nanomagnets via electrostatically gated inter-magnet Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interactions on the surface of three-dimensional topological insulators, for possible memory and nonvolatile logic applications. We model the possibility and dynamics of RKKY-based switching of one nanomagnet by coupling to one or more nanomagnets of set orientation. Potential applications to both memory and nonvolatile logic are illustrated. Sub-attojoule switching energies, far below conventional spin transfer torque (STT)-based memories and even below CMOS logic appear possible. Switching times on the order of a few nanoseconds, comparable to times for STT switching, are estimated for ferromagnetic nanomagnets, but the approach also appears compatible with the use of antiferromagnets which may allow for faster switching.
Voltage control of cavity magnon polariton
Authors: Kaur S. , Yao B. M. , Rao J. W. , Gui Y. S. , Hu C.-M.
Published: July 2016

We have experimentally investigated the microwave transmission of the cavity-magnon-polariton (CMP) generated by integrating a low damping magnetic insulator onto a 2D microwave cavity. The high tunability of our planar cavity allows the cavity resonance frequency to be precisely controlled using a DC voltage. By appropriately tuning the voltage and magnetic bias, we can observe the cavity photon magnon coupling and the magnetic coupling between a magnetostatic mode and the generated CMP. The dispersion of the generated CMP was measured by either tuning the magnetic field or the applied voltage. This electrical control of CMP may open up avenues for designing advanced on-chip microwave devices that utilize light-matter interaction.
Phase stability and B-site ordering in La2NiMnO6 thin films
Authors: Jin Xiao-Wei , Lu Lu , Mi Shao-Bo , Liu Ming , Jia Chun-Lin
Published: July 2016

Thin films of multiferroic double-perovskite La2NiMnO6 are prepared on (001)-oriented SrTiO3, (La0.289Sr0.712)(Al0.633Ta0.356)O3, and LaSrAlO4 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Microstructure investigation by advanced electron microscopy shows that the La2NiMnO6 films have a monoclinic structure on the SrTiO3 substrates and a rhombohedral structure on the (La0.289Sr0.712)(Al0.633Ta0.356)O3 and LaSrAlO4 substrates. Atomic-scale elemental maps of the monoclinic and rhombohedral phases reveal a short-range and/or partial ordering of the B-sites. In addition, domains and columnar grains are found in the films. Our results demonstrate that the phase and microstructure of the La2NiMnO6 films can be tuned by epitaxial strains induced by different substrates.
Using laser to modulate a linear resistance change in Cu2O/Si heteroepitaxial junction
Authors: Gan Zhikai , Zhang Biao , Zhou Peiqi , Huang Xu , Mei Chunlian , Wang Hui
Published: July 2016

A large laser modulated resistance effect was observed in a Cu2O heterojunction of Cu2O/Si. Compared to the no laser illumination condition, the lateral resistance of the Cu2O film was greatly altered. More interestingly, through the spatial movement of a laser spot between two electrodes, a tunable resistance with good linearity was achieved. We attribute this surface resistance effect to the difference in carrier mobility and carrier density between the Cu2O and Si sides. The strong linear resistance change ratio of Cu2O/Si indicates that this simple PN heteroepitaxial junction structure is a potential candidate for laser-controlled resistors, sensors, and even storage devices.
Communication: Theory of melt-memory in polymer crystallization
Authors: Muthukumar M.
Published: July 2016

Details of crystallization processes of a polymer at the crystallization temperature Tc from its melt kept initially at the melt temperature Tm depend profoundly on the nature of the initial melt state and often are accompanied by memory effects. This phenomenon is in contrast to small molecular systems where the supercooling (Tm0−Tc), with Tm0 being the equilibrium melting temperature, and not (Tm − Tc), determines the nature of crystallization. In addressing this five-decade old puzzle of melt-memory in polymer crystallization, we present a theory to describe melt-memory effects, by invoking an intermediate inhomogeneous melt state in the pathway between the melt and crystalline states. Using newly introduced dissolution temperature T10 for the inhomogeneous melt state and the transition temperature Tt0 for the transition between the inhomogeneous melt and crystalline states, analytical formulas are derived for the nucleation rate as a function of the melt temperature. The theory is general to address different kinds of melt-memory effects depending on whether Tm is higher or lower than Tm0. The derived results are in qualitative agreement with known experimental data, while making predictions for further experiments on melt-memory.
Evaluation of a floating fish guidance structure at a hydrodynamically complex river junction in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA
Authors: Romine Jason G. , Perry Russell W. , Pope Adam C. , Stumpner Paul , Liedtke Theresa L. , Kumagai Kevin K. , Reeves Ryan L.
Published: July 2016

Survival of out-migrating juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River delta, California, USA, varies by migration route. Survival of salmonids that enter the interior and southern Delta can be as low as half that of salmonids that remain in the main-stem Sacramento River. Reducing entrainment into the higher-mortality routes, such as Georgiana Slough, should increase overall survival. In spring 2014, a floating fish-guidance structure (FFGS) designed to reduce entrainment into Georgiana Slough was deployed just upstream of the Georgiana Slough divergence. We used acoustic telemetry to evaluate the effect of the FFGS on Chinook entrainment to Georgiana Slough. At intermediate discharge (200–400m3 s–1), entrainment into Georgiana Slough was five percentage points lower when the FFGS was in the on state (19.1% on; 23.9% off). At higher discharge (>400m3 s–1), entrainment was higher when the FFGS was in the on state (19.3% on; 9.7% off), and at lower discharge (0–200m3 s–1) entrainment was lower when the FFGS was in the on state (43.7% on; 47.3% off). We found that discharge, cross-stream fish position, time of day, and proportion of flow remaining in the Sacramento River contributed to the probability of being entrained to Georgiana Slough.
Cell division plane orientation based on tensile stress inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Louveaux Marion , Julien Jean-Daniel , Mirabet Vincent , Boudaoud Arezki , Hamant Olivier
Published: July 2016

Significance

The control of cell division plane orientation is crucial in biology and most particularly in plants, in which cells cannot rearrange their positions, as they are glued to each other by their cell walls. Cell geometry has long been proposed to determine cell division plane orientation. Here, using statistical analysis, modeling, and live imaging in theArabidopsisshoot apex, we show that plant cells instead divide along maximal tension.
Outer membrane protein functions as integrator of protein import and DNA inheritance in mitochondria
Authors: Käser Sandro , Oeljeklaus Silke , Týč Jiří , Vaughan Sue , Warscheid Bettina , Schneider André
Published: July 2016

Significance

Growth of mitochondria and their transmission during cytokinesis depends on protein import from the cytosol as well as on the faithful replication and segregation of their genomes. Here, we show that in the early diverging eukaryote
Trypanosoma brucei
, a single mitochondrial outer membrane protein controls both the assembly of the master protein translocase as well as the inheritance of the single-unit mitochondrial genome. Although the protein is unique to trypanosomatids, it shows functional similarity to an outer membrane protein of yeast. The concept that a single protein mediates the assembly of the major protein translocase and the transmission of mitochondrial DNA might therefore be conserved in other eukaryotes.
Transcriptional control of amino acid homeostasis is disrupted in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Sbodio Juan I. , Snyder Solomon H. , Paul Bindu D.
Published: July 2016

Significance

Aberrant amino acid metabolism has been reported in Huntington’s disease (HD), but its molecular origins are unknown. We show here that the master regulator of amino acid homeostasis, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), is dysfunctional in HD, reflecting oxidative stress generated by impaired cysteine biosynthesis and transport. Accordingly, antioxidant supplementation reverses the diminished ATF4 response to nutrient stress. We identify a molecular link between amino acid disposition and oxidative stress that underlies multiple degenerative processes in HD. This disruption may be relevant to cellular dysfunction in other neurodegenerative conditions involving oxidative stress. Agents that restore cysteine balance may provide therapeutic benefit.
Spatially patterned matrix elasticity directs stem cell fate
Authors: Yang Chun , DelRio Frank W. , Ma Hao , Killaars Anouk R. , Basta Lena P. , Kyburz Kyle A. , Anseth Kristi S.
Published: July 2016

Significance

The expansion and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), an important cell type that is frequently used in stem-cell–based therapies, are regulated by interactions with their local extracellular microenvironment. Matrix stiffness is one of the key regulators, but often varies in space at a range of length scales in the local niche. To better understand and harness cell–matrix interactions, we used an innovative phototunable hydrogel platform to provide compelling evidence that the magnitude and spatial organization of matrix mechanics influence hMSCs through systematic regulation of cytoskeletal tension and transcriptional activation. These findings may have important implications in deepening our fundamental understanding of the role of extracellular matrix organization on disease, aging, and regenerative processes.
Predictive Validity of a Quality Measure for Intensive Substance use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Schmidt Eric M. , Gupta Shalini , Bowe Thomas , Ellerbe Laura S. , Phelps Tyler E. , Finney John W. , Asch Steven M. , Humphreys Keith , Trafton Jodie , Vanneman Megan , Harris Alex H. S.
Published: July 2016

Background

Measures of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment quality are essential tools for performance improvement. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) developed a measure of access to and engagement in intensive outpatient programs (IOPs) for SUD. However, predictive validity, or associations between this measure and treatment outcomes, has not been examined.

Methods

Data on veterans with SUD came from 3 samples: the Outcomes Monitoring Project ( N = 5436), a national evaluation of VHA mental health services ( N = 339,887), and patients receiving detoxification services ( N = 23,572). Propensity score–weighted mixed-effects regressions modeled associations between receiving at least 1 week of IOP treatment and patient outcomes, controlling for facility-level performance and a random effect for facility.

Results

Propensity score weighting reduced or eliminated observable baseline differences between patient groups. Patients who accessed IOPs versus those who did not reported significantly reduced alcohol- and drug-related symptom severity, with significantly fewer past-month days drinking alcohol ( b = 1.83, P < .001) and fewer past-month days intoxicated ( b = 1.55, P < .001). Patients who received IOP after detoxification services had higher 6-month utilization of SUD outpatient visits ( b = 2.09, P < .001), more subsequent detoxification episodes ( b = 0.25, P < .001), and lower odds of 2-year mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–0.75; P < .001).

Conclusions

Receiving at least 1 week of SUD treatment in an IOP was associated with higher follow-up utilization, improved health outcomes, and reduced mortality. These associations lend support to the predictive validity of VHA's IOP quality measure. Future research should focus on measure feasibility and validity outside of VHA, and whether predictive validity is maintained once this quality measure is tied to performance incentives.
Microstructural characteristics and impact toughness in YS690MPa steel weld metal for offshore structures
Authors: Wang H. H. , Li G. Q. , Wan X. L. , Wang H. H. , Nune K. C. , Li Y. , Wu K. M.
Published: July 2016

The fine-grained mixed microstructure of acicular ferrite (AF) and bainite in YS690MPa steel weld metal contributes to attain high-impact toughness. The morphology and evolutionary mechanism of fine-grained mixed microstructure in this weld metal were investigated. Single or multiple AF grains were nucleated on complex inclusions by forming Mn-depleted zones, where Mn spontaneously diffused into Ti oxide inclusions due to the cation vacancies. It is in good agreement with the theoretical calculation by first principle. The bainite nucleated on austenite grain boundary and then assisted the pre-formed AF to partition the austenite grain into small and separate regions. Furthermore, the later formed ferrite nucleated on the broad surface of pre-formed ferrite plates and grew in those small regions with limited grain size. All of them resulted in the formation of fine-grained mixed microstructure, which provided excellent impact toughness in this weld metal with dimples and quasi-cleavage fracture surface combination.
Adults’ Implicit Associations to Infant Positive and Negative Acoustic Cues: Moderation by Empathy and Gender
Authors: Senese Vincenzo Paolo , Venuti Paola , Giordano Francesca , Napolitano Maria , Esposito Gianluca , Bornstein Marc H.
Published: July 2016

In this study a novel auditory version of the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT-A) was developed to investigate (a) the valence of adults’ associations to infant cries and laughs, (b) moderation of implicit associations by gender and empathy, and (c) the robustness of implicit associations controlling for auditory sensitivity. Eighty adults (50% females) were administered two SC-IAT-As, the Empathy Quotient, and the Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale. Adults showed positive implicit associations to infant laugh and negative ones to infant cry; only the implicit associations with the infant laugh were negatively related to empathy scores, and no gender differences were observed. Finally, implicit associations to infant cry were affected by noise sensitivity. The SC-IAT-A is useful to evaluate the valence of implicit reactions to infant auditory cues and could provide fresh insights into understanding processes that regulate the quality of adult–infant relationships.
Magnetic structure and frequency scaling of limit-cycle oscillations close to L- to H-mode transitions
Authors: Birkenmeier G. , Cavedon M. , Conway G.D. , Manz P. , Stroth U. , Fischer R. , Fuchert G. , Happel T. , Laggner F.M. , Maraschek M. , Medvedeva A. , Nikolaeva V. , Prisiazhniuk D. , Pütterich T. , Ryter F. , Shao L.M. , Willensdorfer M. , Wolfrum E. , Zohm H.
Published: July 2016

Limit-cycle oscillations (LCOs) close to the power threshold of L- to H-mode transitions are investigated in plasmas of ASDEX Upgrade. During this phase, referred to as I-phase, a strong magnetic activity in the poloidal magnetic field

B
⋅

θ

with an up–down asymmetry is found. In some cases, the regular LCOs during I-phase transition smoothly into a phase with intermittent bursts which have similar properties to type-III edge localised modes (ELMs). Indications of precursors during the intermittent phase as well as in the regular LCO phase point to a common nature of the I-phase and type-III ELMs. The LCO frequency measured in a set of discharges with different plasma currents and magnetic fields scales as

f
∼
(

B

t

1

/

2

I

p

3

/

2

)

/

(
n
T
)

.
Derived equivalences induced by nonclassical tilting objects
Authors: Fiorot Luisa , Mattiello Francesco , Saorín Manuel
Published: July 2016

Suppose that

A

\mathcal {A}

is an abelian category whose derived category

D

(

A

)

\mathcal {D}(\mathcal {A})

has

H
o
m

Hom

sets and arbitrary (small) coproducts, let

T
T

be a (not necessarily classical) (

n
n

-)tilting object of

A

\mathcal {A}

and let

H

\mathcal {H}

be the heart of the associated t-structure on

D

(

A

)

\mathcal {D}(\mathcal {A})

. We show that there is a triangulated equivalence of unbounded derived categories

D

(

H

)

⟶

≅

D

(

A

)

\mathcal {D}(\mathcal {H})\stackrel {\cong }{\longrightarrow }\mathcal {D}(\mathcal {A})

which is compatible with the inclusion functor

H

↪

D

(

A

)

\mathcal {H}\hookrightarrow \mathcal {D}(\mathcal {A})

. The result admits a straightforward dualization to cotilting objects in abelian categories whose derived category has

H
o
m

Hom

sets and arbitrary products.
Monomial difference ideals
Authors: Wang Jie
Published: July 2016

In this paper, basic properties of monomial difference ideals are studied. We prove the finitely generated property of well-mixed difference ideals generated by monomials. Furthermore, a finite prime decomposition of radical well-mixed monomial difference ideals is given. As a consequence, we prove that every strictly ascending chain of radical well-mixed monomial difference ideals in a difference polynomial ring is finite, which answers a question raised by E. Hrushovski in the monomial case.
Sex-Differential Non-Vaccine-Specific Immunological Effects of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination
Authors: Noho-Konteh Fatou , Adetifa Jane U. , Cox Momodou , Hossin Safayet , Reynolds John , Le My Thanh , Sanyang Lady Chilel , Drammeh Abdoulie , Plebanski Magdalena , Forster Thorsten , Dickinson Paul , Ghazal Peter , Whittle Hilton , Rowland-Jones Sarah L. , Sutherland Jayne S. , Flanagan Katie L.
Published: July 2016

Vaccines can have nontargeted heterologous effects that manifest as increased protection against nonvaccine infections, as described for measles vaccine (MV), or increased susceptibility to infections and death, as described following diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis (DTP) vaccination. The mechanisms are unknown, and high-quality immunological studies are lacking. This study was designed to investigate the heterologous effects of MV and DTP in 302 Gambian infants. The results support a sex-differential immunosuppressive effect of DTP on innate proinflammatory responses and T-cell immunity. Males but not females receiving MV had enhanced proinflammatory innate responses. The results point to modified signaling via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a possible mechanism for the effects on innate immunity. When both vaccines were administered together, purified protein derivative responses were enhanced in females but downregulated in males. Collectively, these data indicate immunological effects that could account for heterologous effects of MV and DTP, to take forward into prospective trials.
High-energy gamma-ray observations of the accreting black hole V404 Cygni during its 2015 June outburst
Authors: Loh A. , Corbel S. , Dubus G. , Rodriguez J. , Grenier I. , Hovatta T. , Pearson T. , Readhead A. , Fender R. , Mooley K.
Published: July 2016

We report on Fermi/Large Area Telescope observations of the accreting black hole low-mass X-ray binary V404 Cygni during its outburst in 2015 June–July. Detailed analyses reveal a possible excess of γ-ray emission on 2015 26 June, with a very soft spectrum above 100 MeV, at a position consistent with the direction of V404 Cyg (within the 95 per cent confidence region and a chance probability of 4 × 10−4). This emission cannot be associated with any previously known Fermi source. Its temporal coincidence with the brightest radio and hard X-ray flare in the light curve of V404 Cyg, at the end of the main active phase of its outburst, strengthens the association with V404 Cyg. If the γ-ray emission is associated with V404 Cyg, the simultaneous detection of 511 keV annihilation emission by INTEGRAL reqires that the high-energy γ-rays originate away from the corona, possibly in a Blandford–Znajek jet. The data give support to models involving a magnetically arrested disc where a bright γ-ray jet can re-form after the occurrence of a major transient ejection seen in the radio.
Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Oil-In-Water Nano-Emulsion Formulation Against Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus
Authors: Yang C. Y. , Powell C. A. , Duan Y. P. , Zhang M. Q.
Published: July 2016

Nano-emulsion is a promising delivery system for increasing pesticide use and enhancing the therapeutic efficiency against pathogens. The pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) that causes destructive citrus huanglongbing (HLB) resides in citrus phloem, which makes it difficult to treat with chemicals. Based on various physiochemical characteristics of oils, surfactants, and organic solvents, an oil-in-water (O/W) nano-emulsion formulation was developed and optimized to combat citrus HLB. The nano-emulsion was formulated through a spontaneous emulsification method for efficient delivery of ampicillin into the citrus phloem using bark application. The nano-emulsion that was prepared from Cremophor EL (viscous oil), acetone (water miscibility organic solvent), and Span 80/Tween 80 (surfactant) formed a small droplet size (17.33 ± 0.52 nm) and exhibited an improved absorption rate. Peak concentration was detected at 2 days posttreatment and the maximum concentration (Cmax) and relative bioavailability (RBA) of ampicillin in HLB-affected citrus were 71.86 ± 35.38 ng/g and 267.25% ± 44.1%, respectively. The peak concentration of Amp appeared at 6 days posttreatment in the citrus trees that were treated with Amp alone and their Cmax and RBA were 56.44 ± 32.59 ng/g and 100%, respectively. The same nano-emulsion was used to deliver five different antimicrobials to control citrus HLB through bark application. We found that the droplet size of the antimicrobials in the nano-emulsion was significantly reduced and the nano-emulsion also enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of validoxylamine A alone and in combination with actidione as well as sulfadimoethoxine sodium against Las. Therefore, this study provides an efficient bark application nano-emulsion formulation for citrus HLB control.
PCR-Mediated Detection and Quantification of the Goss’s Wilt Pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis Via a Novel Gene Target
Authors: McNally R. Ryan , Ishimaru Carol A. , Malvick Dean K.
Published: July 2016

Goss’s leaf blight and wilt of maize (corn) is a significant and reemerging disease caused by the bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. Despite its importance, molecular tools for diagnosing and studying this disease remain limited. We report the identification of CMN_01184 as a novel gene target and its use in conventional PCR (cPCR) and SYBR green–based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for specific detection and quantification of C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. The cPCR and qPCR assays based on primers targeting CMN_01184 specifically amplified only C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis among a diverse collection of 129 bacterial and fungal isolates, including multiple maize bacterial and fungal pathogens, environmental organisms from agricultural fields, and all known subspecies of C. michiganensis. Specificity of the assays for detection of only C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis was also validated with field samples of C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis–infected and uninfected maize leaves and C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis–infested and uninfested soil. Detection limits were determined at 30 and 3 ng of pure C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis DNA, and 100 and 10 CFU of C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis for the cPCR and qPCR assays, respectively. Infection of maize leaves by C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis was quantified from infected field samples and was standardized using an internal maize DNA control. These novel, specific, and sensitive PCR assays based on CMN_01184 are effective for diagnosis of Goss’s wilt and for studies of the epidemiology and host-pathogen interactions of C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis.
Development and Validation of High-Resolution Melting Markers Derived from Rysto STS Markers for High-Throughput Marker-Assisted Selection of Potato Carrying Rysto
Authors: Nie Xianzhou , Sutherland Darcy , Dickison Virginia , Singh Mathuresh , Murphy Agnes M. , De Koeyer David
Published: July 2016

Sequence analysis of the chromosome region harboring the sequence-tagged site (STS) markers YES3-3A and YES3-3B for Rysto, a gene responsible for extreme resistance to Potato virus Y (PVY) in potato, was performed in tetraploid potato ‘Barbara’ (Rrrr) and ‘AC Chaleur’ (rrrr) as well as their progeny selections. Three and two sequence variants were identified in Barbara resistant (R) selections and AC Chaleur susceptible (S) selections, respectively. Further analysis indicates that the variant with a 21-nucleotide (nt) deletion is likely the chromosome copy harboring the STS markers. Two primer pairs, one targeting the region containing a 20-nt deletion and the other targeting the region anchoring the YES3-3A reverse primer, were designed. As anticipated, pair one produced two visible fragments in Barbara-R bulk and one visible fragment in AC Chaleur-S bulk; pair two produced one visible fragment in all samples. When subjected to high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, two distinct melting profiles for R and S samples were observed. Analysis of 147 progeny of Barbara × AC Chaleur revealed 72 and 75 progeny with R and S melting profiles, respectively, which was consistent with YES3-3A and YES3-3B assays and phenotyping analysis, thus demonstrating the potential of HRM profiles as novel molecular markers for Rysto. The efficacy of the newly developed HRM markers for high-throughput marker-assisted selection for Rysto-conferred resistance to PVY was validated further with three populations involving Barbara as the R parent.
Differences in Neuropeptide Y Secretion Between Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Schebesch Karl-M. , Bründl Elisabeth , Schödel Petra , Hochreiter Andreas , Scheitzach Judith , Bele Sylvia , Brawanski Alexander , Störr Eva-M. , Lohmeier Anette , Proescholdt Martin
Published: July 2016

Background:

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most potent endogenous vasoconstrictors, and its contribution to the multifactorial cascade of cerebral vasospasm due to nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not yet fully understood. This experimental study compared the hemorrhage-specific course of NPY secretion into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and into plasma between 2 groups: patients with SAH and patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage (BGH) or cerebellar hemorrhage (CH) over the first 10 days after hemorrhage.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy-nine patients were prospectively included: SAH patients (n=66) (historic population) and intracerebral hemorrhage patients (n=13). All patients received an external ventricular drain within 24 hours of the onset of bleeding. CSF and plasma were drawn daily from day 1 to day 10. The levels of NPY were determined by means of competitive enzyme immunoassay. The CSF samples of 29 patients (historic population) who had undergone spinal anesthesia due to orthopedic surgery served as the control group.

Results:

NPY levels in CSF were significantly higher in the 2 hemorrhage groups than in the control group. However, the 2 hemorrhage groups showed significant differences in NPY levels in CSF (SAH mean, 0.842 ng/mL vs. BGH/CH mean, 0.250 ng/mL; P<0.001) as well as in the course of NPY secretion into CSF over the 10-day period. NPY levels in plasma did not differ significantly among SAH, BGH/CH, and controls.

Conclusions:

Our findings support the hypothesis that excessive release of NPY into CSF but not into plasma is specific to aneurysmal SAH in the acute period of 10 days after hemorrhage. In BGH/CH, CSF levels of NPY were also increased, but the range was much lower.
Early Effects of Enteral Urea on Intracranial Pressure in Patients With Acute Brain Injury and Hyponatremia
Authors: Annoni Filippo , Fontana Vito , Brimioulle Serge , Creteur Jacques , Vincent Jean-Louis , Taccone Fabio S.
Published: July 2016

Background:

Hyponatremia occurs commonly after acute brain injury and is often due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Urea administration is 1 therapeutic option.

Methods:

In our Department, enteral urea is routinely administered to patients with acute brain injury who develop hyponatremia consistent with SIADH and do not respond to an initial sodium load. We reviewed the records of all patients over a 2-year period, who had acute brain injury, received enteral urea because of hyponatremia, and had intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring using an intraventricular catheter. We recorded demographic, biological, and clinical data; mean ICP values during the 6 hours before and after the first dose of urea were also recorded.

Results:

We included 40 patients (23 subarachnoid hemorrhage, 8 traumatic brain injury, 6 intracranial hemorrhage, 2 postbrain tumor surgery, and 1 ischemic stroke); median age was 54 years (IQRs, 44 to 63 y) and median admission APACHE II score was 19 (13 to 19); 6-month survival was 63%. Median baseline sodium was 133 mEq/L (131 to 135 mEq/L). No patients received additional therapy to decrease ICP during the 6 hours following urea initiation. After the first urea dose (15 g), ICP decreased from 14 (13 to 18 mm Hg) to 11 mm Hg (8 to 13 mm Hg) (P<0.001). Changes in ICP were not correlated to changes in sodium (r
2=0.02). The reduction in ICP was larger in patients with ICP≥15 mm Hg (n=22) than in the others (−8 mm Hg [−14 to −3 mm Hg] vs. −2 mm Hg [−3 to 0 mm Hg], P=0.001).

Conclusions:

Enteral urea administration in patients with acute brain injury and hyponatremia is associated with a significant reduction in ICP independent of changes in sodium levels.
Controversies in Intramedullary Fixation for Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures
Authors: Baldwin Paul C. , Lavender Randy C. , Sanders Roy , Koval Kenneth J.
Published: July 2016

Intertrochanteric hip fractures are common and costly. Intramedullary fixation has gained popularity as a means of stabilizing intertrochanteric hip fractures. This review article presents some of the controversies surrounding the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures using a cephalomedullary nail. These topics include nail length, the need for distal interlocking, proximal screw design, the number of proximal lag screws, and integrated proximal sliding lag screws.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Computed Tomography Assessment of Peroneal Tendon Displacement and Posteromedial Structure Entrapment in Pilon Fractures
Authors: Fokin Alex , Huntley Samuel R. , Summers Spencer H. , Lawrie Charles M. , Miranda Alejandro D. , Caban-Martinez Alberto J. , Steinlauf Steven D.
Published: July 2016

Objectives:

To determine the proportion of (1) peroneal tendon displacement (PTD) and posteromedial structure entrapment (PMSE) cases in a sample of pilon fractures, (2) missed diagnoses of PTD and PMSE on computed tomography (CT) by radiologists and attending orthopaedic trauma surgeons, and PTD and PMSE cases by (3) OTA/AO classification, and (4) fibular fracture.

Design:

Retrospective cohort review.

Setting:

Regional level 1 Trauma Center.

Patients/Participants:

Two hundred patients treated between July 2008 and November 2014.

Intervention:

Axial and reconstructed CT images were used in bone and soft tissue windows to identify PTD and PMSE.

Main Outcome Measurements:

Medical charts were reviewed to identify OTA/AO fracture classification, the presence of concomitant fibular fracture, whether radiologist CT interpretation noted PTD or PMSE, and whether attending orthopaedic trauma surgeons' operative notes mentioned recognition of and management of PTD or PMSE.

Results:

From the retrospective review of CT, PTD was identified in 11.0% and PMSE in 19.0% of all pilon fractures. Of the 22 patients with PTD, 59.1% sustained a concomitant fibular fracture and 90.9% sustained a 43-C fracture. Patients with PTD sustained more 43-C fractures (90.9% vs. 62.9%) but significantly fewer fibular fractures (59.1% vs. 80.3%; P = 0.023) than patients without PTD. Of the 38 patients with PMSE, 81.6% sustained a fibular fracture and 86.8% sustained a 43-C fracture. PMSE was more common in patients with 43-C fractures (86.8% vs. 61.1%). The final preoperative radiologist CT interpretation commented on PTD and PMSE in 50.0% of cases.

Conclusions:

Higher energy pilon fractures (43-C) are associated with higher incidence of PMSE and PTD. Concomitant fibula fracture may play a protective role in PTD in the setting of pilon fractures. Both attending radiologists and attending orthopaedic trauma surgeons frequently fail to recognize the diagnoses of PTD and PMSE.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.