bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aquarellus: a numerical too to calculate accumulation of particulate matter in drinking water distribution systems
Authors: Van Summeren Joost , Dash Amitosh , Morley Mark , De Waal Luuk , Van Steen Jip
Published: March 2024

Despite preventive measures, turbid (vernacular: “discolored”) distributed drinking water is still a common cause for customer complaints across the world. Discoloration events are caused by the accumulation of particulate matter in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) and subsequent remobilization during hydraulic events [1], although uncertainties remain concerning the specific accumulation and transport processes. For Dutch DWDSs, it is plausible that microscopic particles originating at treatment plants contribute substantially to the particulate matter that resides in DWDSs, and that physical processes within the distribution network are cardinal in the subsequent transport during distribution. Aquarellus, a predictive numerical tool has been developed to predict the accumulation of particulate material in DWDSs. It integrates hydraulic calculations using the EPANET toolbox with a particle transport module that is based on a description of gravitational settling, particle stagnation, bed load transport, and resuspension of particles in distribution pipes, depending on the shear stress near the pipe wall [2]. The performance of the multi-core calculations allows for simulating  distribution network sizes that are common to Dutch water utilities (100s of km total pipe length). The user can assign the injection of multiple particle species corresponding to temporal patterns at multiple source locations. A graphical user interface handles user IO and the visualization of geographical maps as well as time-dependent build-up of particulate material across the distribution network and within individual pipes. To characterize particle properties (critical input parameters) encountered in Dutch DWDSs, we performed lab experiments on 9 samples from 3 water utilities to determine particle size distributions, mass density, mobility thresholds, and a measure for gravitational settling. Using the outcomes of these lab experiments, a sensitivity test with a range of input parameters was performed in Aquarellus. This helped determine how the variation in the relevant input parameters influence the calculated spatial patterns of accumulated particulate matter  ̶  a measure for the discoloration risk. We compared the modeling results to turbidity measurements from systematic cleaning actions in a real-life Dutch distribution network (Spijkenisse). Finally, we will discuss the potential for applying the tool to assist the planning of cleaning actions and monitoring programs.
Modelling of water mixing and renewal time in storage tanks
Authors: Covas Didia Isabel Cameira , Pinheiro Alexandre , Vaz Sofia , Monteiro Laura , Martins Nuno , Ricardo Ana Margarida
Published: March 2024

The current paper aims at presenting the main developments and achievement attained in research project IMiST – Improving mixing in Storage Tanks for safer water supply, funded by Fundação para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, carried out between 2018 and 2022. This project aimed at a better understanding of flow dynamics inside water supply systems’ storage tanks to find practicable solutions to improve the design and the rehabilitation and to support operation of the existing tanks. The project comprised the development of an extensive experimental programme of small-scale tests, full-scale testing in a real storage tank and advanced numerical modelling. Small-scale tests were carried out in the Laboratory of Hydraulics and Water Resources of Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal, for different tank’s configurations and operating conditions. Two different cross-section tanks (circular and rectangular) were tested with and without interior structures (baffles) and with the inlet and outlet pipes at different locations. Three sets of experimental tests were carried out using different instrumentation to collect complementary data, namely traditional tracer tests, dye tracer tests and velocity field measurements by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). A methodology for assessing mixing conditions in full-scale storage tanks was developed and tested in a real tank with a rectangular cross-section and 3500 m3 capacity with inner baffles. Advanced numerical modelling using Computational Fluid Dynamics was carried out for the submerged and plunging get in a circular tank for betted understanding the velocity fields and the flow patterns. This complementary experimental and numerical modelling have allowed drawing conclusions concerning improving mixing measures, by readjusting the tank configuration (e.g., location, number and diameter of inlet/outlet pipes, jet inflow, fluctuating stored water volume and geometry) and changing operating conditions (e.g., extreme tank levels, pump scheduling). New knowledge on water storage tank hydrodynamics has been created and guidelines for upgrading tank design, rehabilitation and operation were prepared with design criteria for new tanks and measures for the improvement/rehabilitation of existing tanks in supply systems, that will be briefly summarised herein.
Multidimensional data generation in water distribution systems using the Cycle-GAN
Authors: Jung Donghwi , Kim Sehyeong
Published: March 2024

A water distribution system (WDS) consists of thousands of components interacting with each other.  To analyze the status or to manage the operation of the WDSs, two main feature values have been mainly used: nodal pressure and pipe flow rate. However, insufficient data due to the malfunction of the sensors or economical limitations interrupts the collection of abundant information in many cases. Therefore, this study proposes a WDS data generation model based on the cycle-GAN (Generative Adversarial Networks). The proposed model learns the demand time series data and its corresponding time series data of pressure or flow. All training data is two-dimensionally constructed by considering the time series data for 24 hours of each component as a single row and arranging all row data vertically. After normalizing all the data to integers from 0 to 255, they become a greyscale image. Then, the cycle-GAN model consisting of two generators and two discriminators trains those image datasets, to translate the demand image data to the WDS feature image data (i.e., pressure or flow). Firstly, based on the random seeds, the first generator in the cycle-GAN model is trained to generate the demand image, and the second generator is trained to generate the WDS feature image. After the fundamental training for the generation of their own data, the second generator trained for the feature image data starts to use the synthesized demand image results from the first generator as its seeds, not using the random noise. This process makes the second generator have the ability to translate the demand images to the WDS feature images by using the convolutional and deconvolutional functions in the neural network layers. This model was demonstrated by applying to the Mays network, which is the benchmark network consisting of 13 nodes and 21 pipes with two reservoirs.
Flow Ratio and Pressure Control in a Low Losses WDS – Analysis of Dynamics
Authors: Ulanicki Bogumil , Beaujean Philippe , Plancke Juliaan , Leruth Bastien
Published: March 2024

Société wallonne des eaux (SWDE) is the most important water production and distribution company in Wallonia, one of the regions in Belgium. Its distribution network stretches over 40,000 km. It covers nearly 200 municipalities and has more than one million connections. SWDE supplies drinking water to nearly 2.4 million people, constituting over 70% of the Walloon population. Recently, SWDE has launched a major multimillion-Euro project to improve security of the water supply in Wallonia. The project involves a 500/800 mm extension of a 1000 mm wide, over 100 km long pipeline as a backbone of the distribution network, starting from the Eupen and Gileppe reservoirs. The project created a number of engineering challenges and one of them is considered in this paper. It is concerned with the design of a feedback control scheme to achieve satisfactory operation in terms of water mixing from two sources and pressure stability in the new water distribution system (WDS). A feedback control strategy to maintain this constant ratio have been investigated. The objective was to check stability of the control scheme. The concern was about potential interactions between the PRV operation and the pump speed control loop. Matlab/Simulink which allows to model generic dynamic systems as well as control components has been selected as a modelling environment. A dynamic model of the WDS has been implemented following the general methodology developed by the authors and presented earlier in the literature. Pipes have been represented by the rigid column model, the PRV by behavioral model described by a first order differential equation and a pump by a first order inertial equation. In a low losses system, small changes of the pressure at the PRV outlet may cause significant changes in the flow, making the flow ratio control difficult. An important innovation was to introduce an additional TCV downstream to the PRV to increase head losses and reduce the interactions between the flow ratio control loop and the PRV. The paper presents results of an extensive simulation study of the control system behavior for different control parameters and time varying demands.
Household Behaviour and Energy Loss in Intermittent Water Supply Networks
Authors: Mohabbat Hamidreza , Meyer David D.J.
Published: March 2024

Intermittent water supply (IWS) networks are a problematic reality for over one billion people. Despite their drawbacks, IWS networks persist, and projects to convert them to continuous supply often fail. Here we explore one reason such projects might fail: the energy loss associated with IWS. Under IWS, water is delivered over a shorter period, increasing flow rates and thereby increasing energy losses. Could this energy loss prevent utilities from increasing their supply durations?To explore this question, we built two IWS versions of the Modena water network in EPANET. All households were assumed to withdraw water either i) as hastily as possible or ii) as patiently as possible. Artificial tanks and emitters modelled household storage and network leakage, respectively. Artificial tanks filled quickly, mimicking hasty withdrawals. To model patient withdrawals, a flow control valve was installed upstream of the tank, distributing withdrawals evenly throughout the duration of water supply.Simulations showed that when households withdraw hastily, energy losses strictly increase as the supply continuity of the network increases. Conversely, when households withdraw water patiently, energy losses increase initially, reach at least one maximum, and then decrease as supply continuity increases. Our results suggest that since energy losses often increase as utilities increase continuity, energy loss could obstruct some utilities from increasing supply continuity and from achieving continuous supply. We also found clear evidence that network behaviour strongly depends on the hastiness of household withdrawals. We also found that when networks with patient households are supplied with ample continuity, leakage can substantially influence the energy loss. We recommend additional theoretical and field research on IWS investigate the pace at which household withdrawals occur.
An optimization framework for large water distribution systems based on complex network analysis
Authors: Sitzenfrei Robert
Published: March 2024

The major task of water distribution networks (WDNs) is to reliably supply water in sufficient quantity and quality. Due to the complexity in design and operation of WDNs, and to ensure a reliable level of service with minimum costs, multi-objective design approaches are used which are usually rely on evolutionary algorithms. However, for large WDNs the decision variable space increases exponentially. When considering multiple objectives (e.g., resilience, costs, water quality), for complex, large (real) WDNs with several thousand decision variables, evolutionary algorithms are practically infeasible to apply. With complex network analysis mathematical graphs of WDNs can be analysed very computationally efficient and therefore such an approach is especially suitable for analysing large spatial transport networks. Recently, based on complex network, a highly efficient approach for Pareto-optimal design of WDNs was developed. Based on topological features and a customized graph measure for the demand distribution (demand edge betweenness centrality), a graph-based multi-objective design approach was developed, which outperformed the results of an evolutionary algorithm regarding the quality of solutions and computation time (factor 105 faster). Further, also based on complex network analysis, a highly efficient surrogate method for assessing water quality in large WDNs was developed (2.4∙105 times faster than extended period simulation Epanet2). In this paper, these two approaches based on complex network analysis: (1) two objective optimization model and (2) the graph-based water quality model, are combined in a novel graph optimization framework which is especially suitable for complex, large (real) WDNs. The applicability of this very computationally efficient, novel approach is shown on a real case studies with 4,000 decision variables for which the results are be obtained within 18.5 seconds of computation time, while with a state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm it took more than 8 weeks.
Leak localisation method using a detailed hydraulic model combined with high resolution pressure sensors applied to a real network
Authors: Grau Torrent Sergi , Pérez Magrané Ramon , Torret Requena Xavier , Casado Ruiz David
Published: March 2024

The objective has been the elaboration of a method of locating specific and background leaks in hydraulic models. We have worked with high-resolution hydraulic models with high resolution pressure sensors. The method has been applied to a real network. To execute an agile adjustment of the models, it is essential to link the hydraulic model with the data of the SCADA. The tool developed by the GISWATER ASSOCIATION, QGIS on POSGRESQL allows exporting networks to EPANET with the demanded resolution. This Work has used three levels of definition regarding the nodes introduced. As instrumentation, three pressure sensors have been used with a resolution of 1 centimetre. The situation of sensors in the network has been defined by using algorithms based on the sensitivity matrix. Background leakage has been modelled using EPANET emitter coefficients. The value of these coefficients has been calculated based on the overall performance of the sector. They have been calculated individually for each node weighted by the lengths of the pipes linking to each node. The combination of a network with a high density of nodes, a distribution of background leakage balancing the emitting coefficients has allowed to adjust the model with errors in the pressures in the three control nodes of the order of 17 centimetres. A previous macrocalibration phase was required because the sensitivity of the model became high enough to detect the existence of a tank that had not been considered due to its little effects. To obtain the flow attributed to punctual leak, a fictional reservoir has been used to subsequently calculate the most likely area where it is located from a thorough search on all nodes. At points where the leak situation is most likely, the average error of the three pressure sensors has been below 11.5 cm
Machine learning methodologies to predict possible water quality anomalies as a support tool for online monitoring of organic parameters
Authors: Kadinski Leonid , Schuster Jonas , Abhijith Gopinathan R. , Hao Cao , Grieb Anissa , Meier Thomas , Li Pu , Ernst Mathias , Ostfeld Avi
Published: March 2024

Water Distribution Systems (WDSs) function to deliver high-quality water in major quantities. While standard water quality parameters are monitored at waterworks, it is still a challenge to monitor water quality in the WDS network itself. While mostly hydraulic parameters are frequently monitored and modelled in drinking water networks in Germany, the measurements of specific organic and bacteriological water quality parameter are still done offline which can take hours or even days which might be too late to react to possible water events. This study utilizes water quality data of a Utility in Hamburg, Germany to train machine learning algorithms to predict possible anomalies in specific water quality parameters which can indicate the necessity for more thorough investigations. While a large amount of water parameters is utilized and checked for deviations from the normal distribution, the input features to train the machine learning algorithms are just parameters which can be measured online like pH, temperature, total cell count of bacteria and the organic content of the water sample. A parallel study uses innovative online testing methods like fluorescence spectroscopy and flow cytometry in batch and flow experiments with the overarching goal of validating the trained algorithm to develop a wholesome online monitoring and warning system for drinking water anomalies. Various algorithms like Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression and Artificial Neural Networks are trained to predict whether the water samples indicate possible water quality anomalies. First results of this study show promising possibilities for a data driven online water quality prediction methodology which can help to digitalize the water sector immensely.
Multiobjective optimization of water distribution system under uncertainty using robust optimization
Authors: Ostfeld Avi , Boindala Sriman Pankaj
Published: March 2024

Uncertainty is inevitable while trying to tackle any real-world problem, Water distribution system design problem is not an exception for that. Among the many uncertainties involved in the design problem, demand uncertainty is most important. The current study aims to provide efficient designs that can handle the predicted variations in demand without compromising the resilience of the network system. Most previous studies explored stochastic solutions to handle the uncertainty that consumed immense computational power. Innovations in developing non-probabilistic techniques like robust optimization paved a way to reduce computational time and handle uncertainty efficiently. A new methodology is proposed in this study to obtain efficient designs for the multiobjective design problem of WDS under uncertainty. The proposed methodology uses a combination of robust optimization approaches to handle the uncertainty and a multiobjective cuckoo search algorithm. The proposed methodology is applied to a standard benchmark water distribution system problem, and the designs are compared with the nominal designs obtained when demand is assumed as certain. Furthermore, the effect of considering different uncertainty sets are discussed.
Physical and water quality indicators assessment in main pipelines: The impact of hydraulic transient events
Authors: Agostinho Mariele De Souza Parra Agostinho , Ferreira Danieli Mara , Fernandes Cristovão Vicente Scapulatempo
Published: March 2024

An indicator that correlates physical quantities with water quality has great relevance for the definition of projects and understanding of real hydraulic transient phenomena. The work proposing a method to estimate water quality in real system focusing on turbidity measurements during a transient, as surrogate to understand potential dynamics in real systems. In order to get an empirical formula to turbidity during hydraulic transients, was observed 5 years’ data from a real system. This system is one of the mains important pipelines of the Water Supply System of Curitiba and Metropolitan Region, in South Brazil.
Analysis of PDA-based Water Distribution System Suspension Risk using statistical and machine learning method
Authors: Oh Yoojin , Park Haekeum , Hyung Jinseok , Kim Taehyeon , Kim Kibum , Koo Jayong
Published: March 2024

Recently, there have been frequent cases of water shortages caused by failure to old water pipes. As water is the most basic resource in life and is an indispensable resource in various fields such as industry and agriculture, the scale of the failure is significant in the event of accidents in the water supply pipe network, and in order to minimize the damage of accidents, it is important to prevent accidents through timely maintenance. At this time, the risk map of the water shortage of the water pipeline needs to be prepared for efficient maintenance, and it needs to be managed first from the high-risk area.To this end, water shortage risk analysis due to pipe failure was performed in this study. Risk analysis is one of the ways in which water pipes are evaluated and decisions on investment plans, such as replacement or repair, can be supported. The risk is generally calculated by multiplying PoF (Probability of failure) with the resulting direct and indirect effects of CoF (Consequence of failure). In this study, PoF was derived as the failure of an individual water pipe was set as the probability of failure caused by corrosion, and in order for it to be predicted, MLP (Multi-layer perceptron) and XGBoot were developed as a data-based machine learning model. In addition, it was analyzed by setting the amount of water (supply shortage) that CoF could not be supplied due to failure, considering that the failure to the water pipe was directly linked to water shortage. In order to analyze the supply shortage at this time, the mathematical analysis of PDA (Pressure driven analysis) was performed.Finally, the developed methodology was applied to the cities of the Republic of Korea, and the risks were analyzed by calculating the PoF and CoF of individual water pipes, and the GIS technique was used to create the risk map.The results of this study can be more accurate in predicting the condition of water pipes, which can be helpful when water utilities establish maintenance plans.
Efficiency analysis and evaluation model development of water distribution system rebuilding project using DEA method
Authors: Park Haekeum , Kim Kibum , Hyung Jinseok , Kim Taehyeon , Koo Jayong
Published: March 2024

The water supply facilities of Korea have achieved a rapid growth, along with the other social infrastructures consisting a city, due to the phenomenon of urbanization according to economic development. However, as an adverse effect of rapid growth, the quantity of aged water supply pipes are increasing rapidly, while pipe aging causes water suspension accidents and the scale of such accidents is getting large. Accordingly, the Ministry of Environment has been promoting the local water distribution system rebuilding project since 2017 to build a block system, pipe network maintenance work, leak management work, etc. Related projects are being promoted. In this study, analyzed the efficiency of the improvement of the revenue water ratio according to the DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) method-based water distribution system rebuilding project, and develop an evaluation model for the water distribution system rebuilding project using the efficiency analysis results.In this study, DEA analysis was performed by selecting 15 local governments that showed cost-effectiveness among 20 local governments that were carrying out the performance evaluation for the 2017 rebuilding project. In this study, DEA analysis was performed considering the number of DMUs secured three times or more than the sum of input and output factors suggested in Banker et al.(1984)’s previous study.The input indicators of this study are the values ​​derived by dividing the block system construction cost, pipe network maintenance cost, leak management cost invested for the local water distribution system rebuilding project from 2017 to 2020 by the lengths of the project target water distribution pipes. As the output indicators, the rate of increase in the revenue water ratio, which was changed according to the input project cost, was applied.In addition, a project cost evaluation model was developed for the improvement of the revenue water ratio by using the optimal efficiency point derived through the efficiency analysis with the effect of improving the revenue water ratio as a calculation index. For model development, multiple regression analysis was performed according to the step-selection method that included only independent variables with high explanatory power that had an influence on the dependent variable in the regression model to develop the model.As such, in this study, the efficiency analysis of local governments performing the local water distribution system rebuilding project was performed, and a project cost evaluation model was developed to improve the revenue water ratio. It is judged that the methodology and development model used in this study can be utilized in the analysis and evaluation of the project efficiency of the additional target area of ​​the local water distribution system rebuilding project in the future.
Unsteady Friction Modeling Technique for Lagrangian Approaches in Transient Simulations
Authors: Zeidan Mohamad , Ostfeld Avi
Published: March 2024

This study tackles the problem of simulating the head damping effect in transient flows when modeled in the Lagrangian approach rather than Eulerian. The Lagrangian approach normally requires orders of magnitude fewer calculations, which allows very large systems to be solved in an expeditious manner, and it has the additional advantage of using a simple physical model as the basis for its development. Moreover, since it is continuous in both time and space, the method is less sensitive to the structure of the network and the length of the simulation process, resulting in improved computational efficiency. Nevertheless, most recent studies used an Eulerian approach when simulating the systems transient response (e.g., method of characteristics), thus focused on developing and improving different computational routines for modeling and simulating unsteady friction models that are better fixated for Eulerian methods and are not suited for Lagrangian ones. One-dimensional methods of representing unsteady contributions to skin friction based on instantaneous acceleration have a long track record (e.g., Daily et al. 1956, Carstens and Roller 1959). And it is still the most popular method in software used for practical simulations, despite it cannot accurately depict the system's transient responses without additional calibrations and tunings. However, the more accurate models (e.g., Brunone 2000) are not suited for the Lagrangian approach. The lack of a mesh structure in the Lagrangian approach makes it challenging to consider the convective acceleration terms in addition to the local acceleration. Therefore, there is a need for a more accurate friction model that is suited for Lagrangian methods without compromising their performance. Unfortunately, such a model is yet to be published in the literature. This study presents a new friction modeling technique that compensates for both the local and convective acceleration terms for the Lagrangian transient modeling approach, without compromising the computational time. Additionally, fixating only on the Eulerian approach for transient modeling and undermining the Lagrangian based models is concerning since it can provide different perspectives for developing novel solutions and tools that take advantage of transient events.
Experimental analysis for the losses assessment in water distribution systems
Authors: Darvini Giovanna , Soldini Luciano
Published: March 2024

Water leaks assessment is a crucial aspect for the management of the water distribution systems. One strategy commonly used for the leakage reduction is to control the network pressure. Many studies have been dedicated to both the definition of the law between the leaks flow rate and the network pressure and the parameters that influencing the phenomenon. This paper presents the preliminary results of an experimental research on the water leaks evaluation conducted at the Laboratory of Hydraulics and Maritime Construction at the Università Politecnica delle Marche in Ancona, Italy. The tests were carried out varying the hydraulic operating conditions and simulating leakages from holes with different shape and size. Furthermore, different pipe materials were considered. The first results of the laboratory experiments show that the leakage from the hole increases as the pressure in the pipeline increases. The coefficients of the mathematical law for the leakage evaluation in function of the pressure were estimated. The results were compared with similar studies described in the literature.
Terrorist attacks against women’s healthcare facilities 1970-2018
Authors: Sajak Christina , Jasani Gregory , Alfalasi Reem , Cavaliere Garrett , Lawner Benjamin
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Targeted acts of violence against women’s healthcare facilities and healthcare providers are a continued threat to the safety and well-being of those seeking reproductive care as well as those who provide it around the world.

Study objectives: This study aims to review and analyze terrorist attacks against facilities and providers who offer women’s healthcare services globally.

Methods: A thorough analysis of data coming from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) was performed. This database is run by the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism.

Results: Two hundred and seventy-one incidents registered in the GTD between 1970 and 2018 were found to be terrorist attacks on women’s healthcare facilities, the majority of which occurred in the United States. The method of attack or weapons used varied greatly. While the majority of these attacks targeted facilities, a number of attacks focused on individuals, namely, healthcare providers.

Conclusion: Facilities and providers associated with women’s healthcare services, particularly reproductive health, remain at risk of terror attack. Although carried out by a variety of groups and with diverse methods, these attacks appear most prevalent, or most reported, in Western society and threaten essential reproductive healthcare.
Challenges in handling a civilian mass pediatric disaster during flood relief in a partially inundated armed forces medical facility
Authors: Patnaik Saroj Kumar , Lamba N. S. , Aneja Aradhana , Gupta Ashish Kumar
Published: February 2024

Background: Armed forces hospitals are often called upon to provide medical aid to civilians during natural calamities. Though children are often the most vulnerable segment of population in these events, research that addresses their unique needs and the role of armed forces hospitals remains sparse.

Objectives: We examined pediatric morbidity and mortality at a flooded armed forces hospital. Factors that affected outcomes were identified.

Methods: 158 patients were evacuated en masse from a children’s hospital in northern India that was submerged by flood to an adjacent partially inundated armed forces hospital specializing in military medicine and adult trauma. The children were provided case-based clinical care as per existing disaster management protocol. Geoclimatic vulnerability factors, morbidity/mortality, and medical and logistical challenges for future intervention were investigated.

Results: One pediatrician who provided initial triage was joined by two others after 48 hours. A limited load of adult patients permitted more resources for the children, majority (49 percent) of whom were neonates. Intensive care was necessitated for 32 (20.2 percent) cases, with half managed in adult ICU. Overall in-hospital mortality was 5.7 percent. Experienced staff, cross-specialty multitasking, and innovative and noncensorious leadership were identified as assets amidst resources compromised by flooding. Clear delineation of primary caregiver role of pediatrician at outset, pediatric emergency care training, pediatric triage, resource allocation for thermoregulation, oxygen therapy and ventilation, earmarking centers for transfer of cases, and safe transportation to the centers were identified as areas meriting further attention.

Conclusion: Armed forces hospitals in vulnerable geoclimatic zones must address pediatric concerns in disaster management plans.
Volume 18, Number 1
Authors: Disaster Medicine American Journal of
Published: February 2024

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As dinâmicas psíquicas do ódio e suas formas de expressão nas subjetividades contemporâneas
Authors: Tereza Certain Simas de Paula Ana , Moreira Lagoas Juliano
Published: February 2024

De acordo com a perspectiva psicanalítica, o ódio é um afeto constitutivo do ser humano edas relações sociais, o que significa dizer que não tem apenas um caráter “negativo” e geradorde situações de violência, mas também exerce um papel fundamental nos processos deformação das subjetividades, na cultura e na organização política das sociedades. É notávelque o tema dos discursos de ódio tem sido sobremaneira veiculado nos meios de comunicaçãonos últimos anos, em parte devido a sua manifestação expressiva na sociedade brasileira,tanto nas interações sociais presenciais, quanto nas virtuais. Uma expressão disso foi o cenáriode disputa eleitoral para presidência no ano de 2022, contexto de realização desta pesquisa.Partindo desse cenário, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os discursos de ódio naatualidade brasileira, procurando identificar e compreender alguns de seus modos demanifestação e seus impactos nos processos de subjetivação e de sofrimento psíquico. Tratousede compreender o lugar das ambivalências afetivas nos modos de manifestação do ódio eanalisar o papel da racionalidade neoliberal na formação dos discursos de ódio na atualidade.A abordagem metodológica utilizada foi a “análise de discurso psicanalítica”, que articula osprincípios da Análise de Discurso de matriz francesa aos aportes teórico-clínicos da psicanálise.A pesquisa se deu em três etapas principais. Na primeira, foi realizado um levantamento deproduções científicas da área das ciências sociais e humanas sobre os conceitos pertinentes àtemática. Na segunda, divulgou-se um formulário elaborado na plataforma Google Formsdirecionado a pessoas que acreditavam ser (ou ter sido) afetadas por discursos de ódiodisseminados em mídias digitais e nas relações sociais. E, por fim, na terceira etapa, procedeusea uma busca nas redes sociais por publicações que veiculassem discursos de ódio contragrupos sociais. O material coletado foi selecionado a partir da relevância e da relação de seuconteúdo com a temática do ódio e do contexto social e político brasileiro. Nesse sentido,foram analisadas quatro (4) publicações das redes sociais e treze (13) respostas do formulário,a partir dos referenciais teóricos da psicanálise e das ciências humanas e sociais. Os resultadosencontrados apontaram para a existência de processos históricos e culturais da sociedadebrasileira legitimadores da manifestação de discursos de ódio. Foi possível observar aprevalência de expressões de ódio direcionadas a grupos sociais específicos, como apopulação nordestina, negros e mulheres.
Direito à cidade: caminhos possíveis para melhoria da mobilidade urbana em Brasília e sua região metropolitana
Authors: Régia Silva Rêgo Vitória , Nery Julia , Tadeu Guimarães Sávio
Published: February 2024

Compreender a dinâmica da mobilidade urbana em Brasília enseja análise aprofundada dos processos históricos, políticos e econômicos que influenciaram a consolidação da cidade-símbolo do urbanismo moderno. Nesse sentido, a investigação busca evidenciar como as decisões projetuais acerca do desenho urbano calcado na setorização e na supremacia do carro encabeçaram os processos de profunda segregação socioespacial promovida pela centralização da infraestrutura social e baixa densidade populacional no Plano Piloto, o espraiamento urbano e a dissociação espacial entre emprego-moradia neste território e em suas adjacências no Distrito Federal.Sob este contexto, a partir do arcabouço teórico levantado, pretendemos propor uma reflexão sobre como a mobilidade urbana é capaz de tangenciar outras áreas da vida urbana, podendo promover ou intensificar os desafios urbanos. Adotamos então, métodos de pesquisa de caráter teórico e empírico, de maneira que os procedimentos de pesquisa e manipulação de dados pudessem perpassar as modalidades qualitativa e quantitativa. Desta forma buscamos na própria experiência urbana, por meio de caminhadas e discussões analisar sob diversas dimensões o contexto contemporâneo da cidade modernista, dando atenção às diversas corpografias urbanas, ou seja, a forma como as pessoas se apropriam da cidade e como a cidade é também inscrita nos diferentes corpos, cada qual com sua percepção e camadas sobrepostas de privilégios ou opressões em seus percursos cotidianos pelo Distrito Federal
Efeito restaurador da saúde mental: o papel da conectividade com a natureza no aumento do bem-estar e diminuição do estresse
Authors: Freires Feitosa Amanda , Honorato de Oliveira Marcos , Abreu Gomes Cruz Ligia
Published: February 2024

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Estudo comparativo entre a unidade de vizinhança de Brasília e as Supermanzanas de Barcelona
Authors: Delfina Paiva Graça Ana , Maria Delpino Sapena Rossana
Published: February 2024

Este estudo teve o propósito de identificar a possibilidade de melhorias ecossistêmicas nas superquadras brasilienses. Para tanto, comparou unidade de vizinhança de Brasília com as supermanzanas de Barcelona, para avaliação da qualidade e da sustentabilidade do meio urbano. Adotou metodologia de natureza aplicada e abordagem qualitativa, com levantamentos de informações de literatura referencial teórica e dados fornecidos por órgãos oficiais. Utilizou como base comparativa os parâmetros do guia metodológico das supermanzanas. Esclareceu que a pesquisa não tem a pretensão de aplicar por completo o guia que possui mais de cinquenta índices e demanda equipe especializada para apuração técnica de todos os parâmetros. Teceu considerações sobre Salvador Rueda, responsável técnico pela criação das supermanzanas, bem como sobre o guia metodológico elaborado pela equipe dele para diagnóstico da área urbana. Contextualizou historicamente as cidades cotejadas. Definiu o que é uma supermanza e seus objetivos. Colacionou explicações sobre o urbanismo ecológico, base teórica das supermanzanas. Descreveu brevemente o modelo de cidade sustentável, sob a ótica do urbanismo ecológico, assim como aborda seus quatro eixos para esclarecer que a cidade sustentável é aquela que se apresenta compacta, complexa, coesa socialmente e eficiente. Efetuou análise comparativa das supermanzanas e da unidade de vizinhança, sob todos os eixos do modelo de cidade sustentável, sem, todavia, esgotar o tema. Forneceu diagramas analíticos para que a informação possa ser lida de maneira mais gráfica. Comparou a compacidade dos dois modelos, com análise da relação habitações por área e do espaço público disponível, quanto à dimensão, ventilação, luz natural, campo visual ocupado por vegetação e, ainda, no que se refere à mobilidade. Fez o confronto quanto à complexidade, observando a busca de autossuficiência dos modelos e verificando a diversidade de uso das edificações e a relação área natural por habitante. Em relação à eficiência, anotou as possibilidades de uma cidade se tornar mais sustentável. Destacou o potencial energético solar de Brasília. Por fim, fez breve comparativo de coesão social. Diante do observado, registrou que as superquadras de Brasília têm muitos aspectos positivos, segundo os parâmetros do modelo de cidade sustentável, especialmente, seus espaços públicos e sua vegetação. No entanto, percebeu que alguns pontos se revelam menos promissores, tais como a relação de habitações por área e a mobilidade. A setorização do comércio promove uma dinâmica diferente nas superquadras. Sinalizou que, apesar de dotada de alguns equipamentos para melhor coesão social, os moradores não optam por usá-los. Assim, apresentou diferenças e semelhanças entre os dois modelos comparados que são capazes de nortear propostas de melhoria da qualidade do espaço urbano das superquadras de Brasília.
O impacto da morosidade do instituto de refúgio sobre a subjetividade dos requerentes: a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento do refúgio para contenção da revitimização
Authors: Amaral Merino Guimarães Esdras , Moreira da Silva Tédney
Published: February 2024

A presente pesquisa analisou o impacto da morosidade na concessão do refúgio, institutojurídico e de direito internacional, sobre a subjetividade de venezuelanos que o requereramjunto ao Estado brasileiro. Para tanto, a partir da adoção do método qualitativo e por meiode entrevistas semiestruturadas, como principal instrumento de coleta de dados utilizados,foram entrevistadas quatro pessoas venezuelanas que, livre e conscientemente,submeteram-se às entrevistas. Atualmente, residem em Brasília; possuem faixa-etária,instrução escolar e percepção de mundo distintas. Discorreram sobre a vida que hoje levam,e a dimensão das questões que as compeliram a sair de seu país de origem. Isso permitiu acoleta de diversos dados, examinados à luz do conceito de Sigmund Freud sobre o quadropsíquico de unheimliche (infamiliar). Ademais, a pesquisa traz, ao início, uma breve evoluçãohistórica sobre o instituto do refúgio e, desse modo, abarca questões que inter-relacionam apsicanálise com os Direitos Internacional e Brasileiro. Os relatos prestados à pesquisadenunciaram ilegalidades e abusos de poder, contêm críticas sociais e dilemas psicológicos.
A influência das redes sociais na saúde mental de universitários em tempos de Covid 19
Authors: Oliveira Gomes Carolina , Vasconcelos Arruda Sarah , Mascarenhas Oliveira Ester
Published: February 2024

A pandemia do COVID-19 trouxe consigo mudanças significativas na vida dos universitários, redefinindo a forma como eles(as) se relacionam e impulsionando o uso das redes sociais durante os períodos de confinamento. Diante deste cenário, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral “conhecer a influência das redes sociais na saúde mental de universitários em tempos de COVID-19, na capital brasileira”. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando a análise de discurso de Bardin, que compreende três fases essenciais: pré-análise, exploração do material e tratamento dos resultados e interpretação. A amostra incluiu 115 estudantes universitários de uma instituição de ensino superior no Distrito Federal, sendo a coleta de dados realizada entre novembro de 2022 e fevereiro de 2023. Para direcionar o estudo foram identificadas duas categorias relacionadas à saúde mental dos universitários: "mecanismo de fuga e entretenimento" e "ansiedade nas redes sociais". Durante o período de confinamento, as redes sociais tornaram-se um meio de escape e distração da realidade, proporcionando vantagens como o entretenimento, a manutenção de relações sociais e a facilidade de inserção na sociedade, além de fornecer informações rápidas.
A influência de fatores estressores externos na gravidez e suas consequências no desenvolvimento do transtorno do espectro autista
Authors: Pacheco dos Santos Boquady Maressa , Rodrigues de Almeida Rego Oliveira Larissa
Published: February 2024

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), popularmente conhecido como autismo, é umadoença neurológica que gera alterações no desenvolvimento. Ele é caracterizado porlimitada comunicação e interação social, bem como alterações comportamentaisestereotipadas. A etiologia do TEA ainda não é bem elucidada, mas sabe-se que sua causa émultifatorial .Evidências recentes demonstraram uma variação de 40-50% no risco do TEA,devido a influência dos aspectos ambientais na gravidez, o que chama ainda mais atençãopara que ela seja investigada. Sendo assim, observa-se uma maior incidência de TEA emcrianças cujas mães passaram por eventos estressores na gravidez, como: violência, presençaem desastres naturais, rompimento da estrutura familiar, fatores imunes e sofrimentopsicológico, que associados à predisposição genética agem como estressores importantes, demodo a fundamentar essa teoria. Dessa forma, tem-se como objetivo analisar a incidência eprevalência de fatores estressores durante a gestação e sua relação com o desenvolvimentodo TEA na criança. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal, de caráter exploratórioe retrospectivo; a coleta de dados acontecerá a partir do procedimento técnico delevantamento. Será uma pesquisa quantitativa, de natureza básica - com o intuito demelhorar as teorias científicas e aumentar as bases disponíveis. Sendo assim, os resultadosirão proporcionar uma oportunidade de melhor gestão dos recursos públicos para atenderessas mães e crianças a partir da capacitação de profissionais, da distribuição adequada decentros de atendimento e escolas - de acordo com o perfil epidemiológico das regiõesadministrativas - além de prover uma oferta precisa de informação para as gestantes,tratamento precoce dos casos diagnosticados e consequentemente melhor prognósticodessas crianças. Dentre os resultados encontrados destacou-se o aumento na prevalência doTEA com o aumento da idade materna e paterna, além de constatar que a quantidade degestações e os casos confirmados de TEA na família podem influenciar no desenvolvimentodo transtorno. Observou-se forte influência da depressão pós parto e do baby blues e odesenvolvimento do TEA, juntamente com situações de rompimento amoroso e violênciapsicológica principalmente quando ocorridas no 2° e 3° trimestre de gestação. O PSS-14,quando aplicado a mães de crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista(TEA), revelou um aumento médio de 6 pontos na pontuação geral em comparação com aaplicação do mesmo instrumento em mulheres grávidas de outro estudo. Conclui-se,portanto, que vários fatores estressantes analisados neste estudo foram capazes de gerardiscussões relevantes para a análise da relação causal entre esses fatores e odesenvolvimento do TEA nas crianças. Por outro lado, alguns fatores não obtiveram dadossuficientes para tal análise, evidenciando a necessidade de mais estudos nessa área.