bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Merits You Should Know about Immunoglobulin F(ab) and F(ab')2 fragments v1
Authors: Smitu Bello
Published: August 2018

Overview of the fragment antigen binding The fragment antigen binding (Fab fragment) is an antibody structure which still binds to antigens although it is monovalent with no Fc portion. Antibody that is digested by the enzyme papain will yields two fab fragments of about 50 kDa each and an Fc fragment. However, fab2 fragment antibodies are produced by pepsin digestion of whole IgG antibodies in order to remove the Fc region while leaving intact some of the hinge region. They have two antigen-binding fab portions linked together by disulfide bionds and then are divalent with a molecular weight of about 110kDa. The advantages of fragment secondary fab antibodies F(ab) and F(ab')2 fragment antibodies eliminate non-specific binding between Fc portions of antibodies and Fc receptors on cells. Penetrate tissues more efficiently due to their smaller size. Since fragment antibodies do not have Fc portions, they do not interfere with anti-Fc mediated antibody detection. Reasons for choosing a fab fragment Monovalent antibody fragments (F(ab) fragments) are powerful tools to block background from primary antibody binding and in double staining experiments. F(ab) fragments are used to block endogenous immunoglobulins on cells, tissues and exposed immunoglobulins in multiple labeling experiments using primary antibodies from the same species. After the blocking step with normal serum, we recommend incubating F(ab) fragments in excess to block endogenous immunoglobulins in IHC. These antibodies are not recommended for blocking immunoglobulins in WB and ELISA. Reasons for choosing a F(ab')2 fragment Divalent antibody fragments (F(ab')2 fragments) are smaller than whole IgG molecules and enable a better penetration into tissue thus faciliting better antigen recognition in IHC. The use of F(ab')2 fragments also avoids unspecific binding to Fc receptor on live cells or to Protein A/G. F(ab')2 fragments are not recommended for blocking since they have two binding sites that are available to capture the primary antibody introduced subsequently. However, as opposed to F(ab) fragments, F(ab')2 fragments can both bind and precipitate antigens thanks to their two binding sites. We recommend using normal serum with these antibodies to prevent the binding to Fc receptors.
Gamma-diversity partitioning of gobiid fishes (Teleostei: Gobiidae) ensemble along of Eastern Tropical Pacific: biological inventory, latitudinal variation and species turnover v2
Authors: Valencia Omar
Published: August 2018

Results of the additive and multiplicative diversity partitioning of gobiid fishes
INDIVIDUALISM ALLOWED ACCESS
Authors: Halapsis Oleksy
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the article is to identified the origin and essence of Western individualism. Methods of research. I used the methodology of post-nonclassical metaphysics of history, as well as the methods of epistemological polytheism and com parative. Results. The first sprouts of individualism can be detected in Greek poleis. It is the crisis of the polis system in Ancient Greece that predetermined the disappointment of the Greeks in the old collectivist ideals. Roman collectivism quite naturally got along with ideas about civil liberties and the dignity of an individual citizen. The idea of citizenship was brought to the theoretical perfection by moving it beyond the boundaries of city walls. The Christian ideal is not a self-sufficient person, but the community of believers. It is the weakening of the church’s position and the strengthening of the influence of Antiquity that led to the formation of the Western style of thinking, which became the basis of the new European civilizational project. John Locke rethought the Hobbesian «Roman» theory of the social contract, thereby laying the foundations of liberalism, and hence of individualism. However, radically changing the hierarchical society, even the shaken revolution and the restoration of the Stuarts, no theoretical work could not. But in the New World, free from class barriers, Locke’s ideas found a much more fertile soil. Conclusions. The Western version of individualism emerges as a civilizational ideal at the junction of two completely different paradigms — the Ancient (Greek and Roman) and the Christian. Being present in the «body» of the West, individualism could not access its code. The latter was guarded by numerous barriers, among which the Catholic collectivism and the class divisions of hierarchical society were the most powerful guards. In American society, security barriers were significantly weaker, which allowed individualism to develop in the United States. Then American individualism returned to Europe and is now perceived as an integral element of Western civilization.
FOREIGN POLICY OF UKRAINE UNDER CURRENT CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL AND REGIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Taranenko Anna
Published: August 2018

Foreign policy as one of the key areas for the functioning of sovereign states is designed to protect their national interests and promote maintenance of the welfare of the population. For Ukraine, such vectors of foreign policy as European, Euro-Atlantic, Eurasian, Middle Eastern, and Asian are traditionally important. One of the main vectors of Ukraine's foreign policy at the current stage is integration into the European Union. At the same time, an extremely important task for Ukrainian diplomacy is countering Russian aggression, protection of the population in the East of the state and in the Crimea and the soonest possible resolution of the conflict in the Donbas region.
Consequently, this topic is of considerable interest, and it is worth examining in detail the current state of Ukraine's foreign policy, in particular, in view of the current challenges of global and regional security. Analysis of foreign and Ukrainian sources on this topic indicates the interest of researchers in matters of foreign policy of Ukraine, as well as international conflicts and their settlement.
The purpose of this article is to study the current state of Ukraine's foreign policy in the context of the current challenges of global and regional security.
Based on the analysis, it was determined that at the current stage there is sufficient potential for further development of Ukraine's foreign policy, in particular in view of the current challenges of global and regional security. On the basis of the analysis, one can arrive at conclusions that among the successes of Ukraine's foreign policy in recent years one can mention withstanding Russian aggression, introduction of a visa-free regime with the European Union, further deepening of cooperation within the framework of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement and deepening of Euro-Atlantic integration. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the effective use of the foreign policy resource to efficiently respond to the challenges of global and regional security. There are further prospects for research related to the effective resolution of international conflicts at the current stage.
Argümana Dayalı Sorgulama Öğretiminin 7. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Akademik Başarılarına ve Argümantasyon Seviyelerine Etkisi
Authors: AKTAŞ Tuba , DOĞAN Özgür Kıvılcan
Published: August 2018

“Kuvvet
ve Enerji” ünitesinin öğretiminde argümana dayalı sorgulama yönteminin 7. sınıf
öğrencilerinin akademik başarılarına, argümantasyon seviyelerine ve tartışmaya
katılma isteklerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen çalışmada yarı
deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Örneklem amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak
belirlenmiş olup İstanbul ili Gaziosmanpaşa ilçesindeki bir ortaokulun yedinci
sınıf şubeleri arasından iki şube deney grubu (27 kişi) ve kontrol grubu (28
kişi) olarak seçilmiştir. Dersler, deney grubunda argümana dayalı sorgulama
öğretim modeline uygun hazırlanan modüller çerçevesindeki etkinlikler
kullanılarak, kontrol grubunda ise geleneksel laboratuvar yöntemi doğrultusunda
hazırlanan deney föyleri kullanılarak işlenmiştir. Nicel veriler; Tartışmacı
Anketi (TA) ile araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan Başarı Testinin (BT) deneysel
işlem öncesinde ön-test ve deneysel işlem sonrasında son-test olarak
uygulanmasıyla toplanırken nitel veriler öğrencilerin yaptıkları her deney
sonrası bireysel olarak yazdıkları raporlardan uygulama başında, ortasında ve
sonunda yazılanların Erduran, Simon ve Osborne (2004) tarafından geliştirilen
argümantasyon seviyeleri modeline göre analiz edilmesiyle elde edilmiştir. Verilerinin
analizi için bağımsız örneklemler t-testi ve bağımlı örneklemler t-testi
yapılmıştır. Bireysel öğrenci raporları öncelikle Argümantasyon Seviyeleri
Modeli ile analiz edilmiş, daha sonra t-testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın
sonucunda “Argüman Dayalı Sorgulama” yöntemini temel alan laboratuvar
eğitiminin geleneksel yönteme göre, Fen Bilimleri dersinde öğrencilerin
akademik başarılarını ve argümantasyon seviyelerini arttırmada, geleneksel
yönteme göre daha etkili olduğu ancak öğrencilerin tartışmaya yönelik
eğilimlerinde ise bir değişim meydana getirmediği tespit edilmiştir.
E-Öğrenme ve E-Sınavlar: Çevrimiçi Ölçme Değerlendirme Süreçlerinde Kimlik Doğrulama Yöntemlerine İlişkin Öğrenen Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Bozkurt Aras , Uçar Hasan
Published: August 2018

Uzaktan
eğitimde çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamlarıyla beraber bu ortamlarda yapılan sınavlar
da yaygınlaşmaktadır. Kimlik doğrulama yöntemleri çevrimiçi sınav güvenliğini
arttırmasına rağmen, öğrenenlerin biyometrik/kişisel bilgilerinin ve kişisel
nesnelerin kullanılmasından dolayı hassas süreçleri içermektedir. Bundan dolayı
çevrimiçi sınavlarda kullanılan kimlik doğrulama yöntemlerinin daha fazla
incelenmesine yönelik bir ihtiyaç vardır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada uzaktan
öğrenenlerin bakış açısıyla çevrimiçi sınavlarda kullanılabilecek kimlik
doğrulama yöntemlerine ilişkin öğrenen görüşleri incelenmiştir. Kesitsel tarama
modelinde 186 uzaktan öğrenenle gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada çevrimiçi
sınavlarda hangi kimlik doğrulama yöntemlerinin daha güvenilir bulunduğuna
ilişkin soruya yanıt aranmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre katılımcıların
biyometrik ve bilgi tabanlı kimlik doğrulama yöntemlerini daha güvenilir
bulduğu yönünde görüş bildirdikleri belirlenmiş; ancak çevrimiçi sınavlarda
yapılan bu tür kimlik doğrulama yöntemlerine karşı güven konusunda
kararsızların yüzdesinin de çok olduğu görülmüştür.
Öğretmenlere Yönelik Örgütsel Sinerji Ölçeği’nin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: Akpolat Tuba , Levent Ahmet Faruk
Published: August 2018

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin içinde bulundukları eğitim örgütünde
algıladıkları örgütsel sinerji düzeyini ortaya koymak için bir ölçme aracı
geliştirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda; ölçek taslağının hazırlanması, uzman
görüşüne başvurma, ölçeği uygulama ile geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışmalarını
içeren dört aşamalı yol izlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, İstanbul ili Eyüp ilçesinde
bulunan ilk ve ortaokullarda görev yapan 778 öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Öğretmenlere
Yönelik Örgütsel Sinerji Ölçeği’nin, özdeğeri 1.00’in üzerinde dört faktörlü
yapı sergilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu dört faktör; etkileşim ve takdir etme,
bütünleşme, strateji, güncellenme ve güçlenme olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Ölçeğin
tamamı için bulunan Cronbach alfa katsayısı .97’dir. Araştırmadan elde edilen
bulgular doğrultusunda, geliştirilen Öğretmenlere Yönelik Örgütsel Sinerji
Ölçeği’nin öğretmenlerin içinde bulundukları eğitim örgütünde algıladıkları
örgütsel sinerji düzeyini ortaya koymak için kullanılabilecek, güvenirliği ve
geçerliği olan bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.
Ön Lisans Öğrencilerinin Nomofobi Düzeylerinin Akıllı Telefon Kullanım Durumlarına Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: Sırakaya Mustafa
Published: August 2018

Nomofobi,
bireyin mobil cihazına (akıllı telefon, tablet, cep bilgisayarı vb.) ulaşamama
ya da mobil cihazı üzerinden iletişim kuramamaya (online ya da offline) ilişkin
yaşadığı istemsiz korku olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı ön
lisans öğrencilerinin nomofobi düzeylerinin akıllı telefon kullanımlarına göre
değişimini belirlemektir. Tarama modelinde yürütülen araştırmanın örneklemini
439 ön lisans öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, yanında şarj
aleti taşıyan, sabah uyandığında akıllı telefonunu kontrol eden, gece uyumadan
önce akıllı telefonunu kontrol eden ve gece akıllı telefonunu kapatmayan
öğrencilerin nomofobi düzeyleri bunları yapmayanlara göre anlamlı derece
yüksektir. Ayrıca akıllı telefon kullanım yılı, günlük akıllı telefonu kontrol
etme sayısı, mobil internet kullanım yılı ve günlük mobil internet kullanım
süresindeki artışın nomofobiyi anlamlı şekilde farklılaştırdığı sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır. Sosyal ağlara bağlanmak ve alışveriş yapmak amacıyla akıllı
telefon kullanımı nomofobi düzeyini değiştirirken, diğer kullanım amaçlarına
göre nomofobi düzeyinin farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Lise Öğrencilerinin Öz Yönetimli Öğrenmeye Hazırbulunuşlukları ile Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ULUSOY Burcu , KARAKUŞ Fazilet
Published: August 2018

Araştırmanın amacı lise öğrencilerinin öz yönetimli
öğrenmeye hazırbulunuşlukları ve eleştirel düşünme eğilimlerini belirlemektir.
Araştırma karma yöntem araştırma desenlerinden yakınsayan paralel desen
yaklaşımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın nicel aşamasında betimsel
araştırma yöntemi olan tarama modeli, nitel aşamasında ise açık uçlu sorular
yoluyla veriler elde edilmiştir. Nicel bulguların elde edilmesinde, “Öz
yönetimli Öğrenmeye Hazırbulunuşluk” ve “Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimi” ölçekleri
kullanılmıştır. Nitel
aşamada ise, açık uçlu sorular kullanılarak bulgular elde edilmiştir.
Araştırma, 2014-2015 eğitim öğretim yılının ikinci döneminde Mersin ili merkez
ilçelerindeki dörder genel lise ve meslek lisesi olmak üzere sekiz lisedeki
öğrenciler ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın nicel boyutunda 1280
öğrenciden, nitel boyutunda ise, seçilen sekiz okulun her birinden 30 öğrenci
olmak üzere toplam 240 öğrenciden veri elde edilmiştir. Nicel verilerin
analizinde ölçeklerin yapı geçerliğini belirlemek amacıyla
faktör analizleri yapıldıktan sonra betimsel istatistikler, nitel verilerin
analizinde tümdengelimsel nitel analiz yapılmıştır. Araştırmada lise
öğrencilerinin öz yönetimli öğrenmeye hazırbulunuşluk anlamında, öğrenmeye
yönelik istekli oldukları, hedef belirledikleri, öğrenme sorumluluklarını
aldıkları, öğrenmeye ilişkin plan yaptıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Eleştirel
düşünme eğilimi boyutunda ise, öğrencilerinin problem çözme sürecinde etkin
katılım, bilişsel süreçleri yürütme, yeni fikirler ve bilgilere açık olma,
yenilikleri izlemeye istekli olma, yeni fikirleri araştırma, keşfetme ve
öğrenmeye istekli olma gibi eğilimlere sahiptir. Nicel ve nitel veriler
birbirini desteklemektedir.
İlkokul 4. Sınıf Ders Kitaplarının Okunabilirliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Özbek Ahmet Bilal , Ergül Cevriye
Published: August 2018

Okuma problemleri
ülkemizde yalnızca özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin değil aynı zamanda tüm
öğrencilerin yaşadığı bir durumdur. Son dönemde uluslararası değerlendirmelerin
sonuçları okuryazarlık ile ilişkili okullarda gerçekleştirilen öğretimler ve
kullanılan materyallerde düzenlemeler yapılması gerektiğini göstermektedir.
Öğretim sürecinde öğrencilerin sınıf düzeylerine uygun okuma materyalleri ile
çalışmaları önemlidir ve bu nedenle, ders kitapları hazırlanırken yazılan
metinlerin okunabilirliklerine dikkat edilmelidir. Öğrencilerin eğitsel
düzeylerinin üzerinde zorluğa sahip metinler öğrencilerin okuduğunu anlama
performanslarını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada ilkokul 4. sınıf Türkçe,
Fen Bilgisi ve Sosyal Bilgiler kitaplarından seçkisiz olarak belirlenen metinler
Ateşman (1997), Çetinkaya-Uzun Okunabilirlik Formülü (2010), Yeni Okunabilirlik
Düzeyi (Bezirci ve Yılmaz, 2010) okunabilirlik formüllerine göre
değerlendirilmiş ve formüllerin sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular
incelendiğinde okunabilirlik formüllerine göre kitapların 4. sınıf düzeyinin
üzerinde zorluk derecelerine sahip oldukları ve formüller arasında
farklılıkların oluştuğu görülmüştür. Bu durumun nedenleri ve çözüm önerileri
tartışılmıştır.
Lise Öğrencilerinde Akran Zorbaliğina Maruz Kalma: Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar ve Anne-Babaya Duygusal Erişilebilirlik
Authors: Gök Fatma , Cenkseven Önder Fulya
Published: August 2018

Bu
araştırmada lise öğrencilerinin akran
zorbalığına maruz kalmalarının yordayıcıları olarak temel psikolojik
ihtiyaçları ve anne-babalarına duygusal erişilebilirlikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma 1198 lise (588'i kız, 610
erkek) öğrencisi üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada lise öğrencilerinin akran zorbalığına ilişkin veriler
‘California Zorba Mağduriyeti Ölçeği’ (Felix,
Sharkey, Green, Furlong ve Tanigawa, 2011), temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlara ilişkin veriler 'Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçları
Ölçeği’ (Deci ve Ryan, 2000), anne-babaya duygusal erişilebilirliğine ilişkin
veriler ise ‘Ebeveyn Duygusal Erişilebilirlik Ölçeği’ (Lum ve Phares, 2005)
kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu veriler temel istatistiksel
analizler ve lojistik regresyon analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda
lise öğrencilerinin mağduriyet puanları ile özerklik, yeterlik, ilişki
ihtiyaçları ve anne babaya duygusal erişilebilirlik arasında negatif yönde
anlamlı ilişkiler bulgulanmıştır. Lise öğrencilerinin akran zorbalığına maruz kalma,
temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ve anne-babaya duygusal erişilebilirlikleri
cinsiyetlerine göre incelendiğinde erkek öğrencilerin akran zorbalığına maruz
kalma puan ortalamalarının kız öğrencilerin puan ortalamalarından daha yüksek
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar açısından bakıldığında
erkek öğrencilerin yeterlik ihtiyaç puan ortalamaları kız öğrencilerin puan
ortalamalarından daha yüksektir. Araştırmada kızların ve erkeklerin zorbalık mağduru olmalarını yordayan temel
psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ve anne- babaya duygusal erişilebilirliğe ilişkin analiz
ayrı ayrı yapılmıştır. Özerklik ihtiyacı ve anneye duygusal erişilebilirliğin
kız ergenlerde görülen akran zorbalığına maruz kalmayı yordamada anlamlı katkı
yapan değişkenler olduğu görülmüştür. Erkek ergenlerde, özerklik ve ilişki
ihtiyaçları akran zorbalığına maruz kalmayı yordamada anlamlı katkı yapan
değişkenler olarak belirlenmiştir.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimi ile Liderlik Yönelimleri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Yalçın , BUYRUK Halil , GÜNGÖR Sabri
Published: August 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının eleştirel düşünme eğilimi ile liderlik yönelimleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Araştırma, nicel yaklaşıma uygun olarak tarama deseninde, 2017-2018 akademik yılı bahar döneminde Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi ve Kafkas Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik ile sınıf öğretmenliği programlarında öğrenimlerine devam eden 405 öğretmen adayıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada “Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimi” ile “Liderlik Yönelimi” ölçekleri ve kişisel bilgi formundan oluşan veri toplama araçları kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğretmen adaylarının demografik özellikleri için betimsel istatistikler, değişkenler arası ilişkilerin belirlenmesinde t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, Pearson Çarpım Momentler Korelasyon Analizi ve eleştirel düşünme eğiliminin liderlik yönelimleri üzerindeki yordayıcı gücünü incelemek için Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara bakıldığında öğretmen adaylarının üniversite, cinsiyet, program-sınıf ve anne eğitim düzeyi ile eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri ve üniversite, program ve sınıf ile liderlik yönelimleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Araştırma sonucuna göre öğretmen adaylarının eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri ile liderlik yönelimleri arasında orta düzeyde pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmektedir. Eleştirel düşünme eğilimlerinden özellikle analitiklik, meraklılık ve kendine güven ile liderlik yönelimleri arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmakta ve eleştirel düşünme eğiliminin bu boyutlarının liderlik yönelimlerinin güçlü yordayıcıları olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Guest Editors’ Introduction to JLAS Special Issue on Athlete Activism and Sports Social Responsibility
Authors: Miller Arthur R. , Balsam Jodi S.
Published: August 2018

When San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick knelt during the national anthem prior to National Football League (NFL) games during the 2016 season, he quickly became a symbol of a renewed era of athlete activism, triggering collegiate and professional athlete activists across the country to join demonstrations and sparking national conversations about racism and police brutality. But athlete activism is much broader, extending to philanthropic work such as NFL wide receiver Brandon Marshall’s efforts to spread mental health awareness and National Basketball Association superstar LeBron James’s funding of college scholarships for inner-city youth. Professional athletes’ willingness to take public stands on political and social issues is reflected and reinforced by sports entities’ social responsibility initiatives. For example, the NCAA relocated men’s basketball championship games out of North Carolina in response to a state law that curbed anti-discrimination protections for transgender people. Most sports leagues and governing bodies regularly participate in socially responsible causes.
Social Responsibility in Sports: Current Landscape
Authors: Parent Brendan
Published: August 2018

While most industries are being held increasingly responsible for engaging in socially responsible business practices and contributing to public interest efforts, professional sports are likely held to an even higher standard of what is traditionally considered corporate social responsibility (CSR). Professional sports are intricately embedded in their communities, arguably more dependent on consumer and government support, with greater influence on culture and more power to improve community well-being. These facts lead to the expectation that professional sports will contribute more to society than just exciting exhibitions. As this expectation is relatively new, the parameters of social responsibility in sports (SRS) is not well defined. Most professional leagues and teams in the United States are participating in efforts to improve their communities, the well-being of their employees, and promote safety and integrity within their competitions. But neither the motivations behind these efforts nor the outcomes have been well characterized. This examination draws on original research to describe how SRS differs from typical CSR. It will then identify some key legal mechanisms through which socially responsible efforts in sports are carried out, and the importance of a leadership culture that embraces SRS. Finally, it will explain the value of authentic social responsibility efforts, both to the community and to the implementing sport organization, which calls for investments in SRS initiatives that are strategically tailored to the organization’s identity and are held accountable for meeting the needs of the community.
Social Responsibility in Sports: A Call for a Systematic Approach
Authors: Chung Jason
Published: August 2018

There appears to be a general understanding among stakeholders in the sports industry that its organizations have a distinct responsibility to engage in socially responsible behavior and works. This has resulted in a plethora of types of activities undertaken as part of this social responsibility of sports (SRS). However, efforts to measure and systematize SRS activities to gauge effectiveness and impact have proven to be a challenge. Much as with corporate social responsibility efforts in other industries, the sheer breadth and diversity of motives and modes of engagement for SRS activities often obfuscate goals and metrics for success. This paper outlines such challenges and provides a framework for engaging in SRS in a manner that advances both organizational and societal goals. It also argues that the desire to “do good” among sports organizations must be complemented by a systematic approach and consistent program evaluation using mixed methodological methods to maximize the impact of SRS dollars. Should the sports industry be able to agree and commit to such an approach, it can serve as an example for responsible and effective social engagement to other industries.
Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of the umbilical cord prolapse at the Befelatanana University Hospital Centre of Obstetric Gynecology in Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: R. Randriamahavonjy , M. Rakotonirina Andriamaro , T. Ratsiatosika Andriamanetsiarivo , I. Housni , A. Abasse B. , F. Rakototiana A , R. Andrianampanalinarivo H.
Published: August 2018

Background: Umbilical cord prolapse is a major obstetrical emergency that threatens the fetal prognosis during labor. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiologic and clinical profile of pulsatile cord prolapse at the Befelatanana University Hospital of Obstetric Gynecology.Methods: It is about a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Befelatanana University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Antananarivo over a period of 3 years, from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2014. We have identified all cases of umbilical cord prolapse. We studied obstetric, neonatal and maternal parameters.Results: We found 70 cases of pulsatile umbilical cord prolapse, a prevalence of 0.28% of deliveries. The average age of the patients was 28 ± 3.2 years with extremes ranging from 18 to 43 years. Multiparous women predominated with (51.43%) Pregnancy was long term, with 71.43% of cases associated with placenta praevia, lateral prolapse of the limb, long cord and contracted pelvis. The prolapse of the cord was 1st degree with 44.29% of cases. All patients had received (100%) of oxygen therapy. Almost all patients were caesarized (95.71%). Neonatal complications were represented by admission to neonatal intensive care unit (32.86%), perinatal asphyxia (31.43%), prematurity (28.57%), neonatal infection (4.29%) and neonatal death (10%).Conclusions: The umbilical cord prolapse is relatively rare. Fetal extraction in the shortest possible time, especially when the cord is externalized, which is the main determining factor of neonatal prognosis.
Serum and follicular fluid concentration of stem cell factor in PCOS
Authors: Kalem Ziya , Kalem Müberra Namli , Seval Murat , Bakirarar Batuhan , Simsir Coskun , Yılmaz Canan , Atabekoglu Cem , Gurgan Timur
Published: August 2018

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, which affects 5 to 20% of women in the reproductive age worldwide. This study aimed to compare the levels of SCF in serum and follicular fluid of PCOS patients with those of non-PCOS group and to investigate the relationship of SCF levels with ICSI success.Methods: This is an observational case control study that included the patients who underwent ICSI in the Infertility-IVF center at Ankara University Faculty of Medicine and in a private IVF center between March 2016 and February 2017. The study group consisted of 57 PCOS patients diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria and the control group consisted of 75 patients with normofollicular and regular menstrual cycles. Serum and follicular fluid samples were taken on day of oocyte retrieval. Serum and follicular fluid SCF levels were determined by ELISA using the SCF ELISA kit..Results: Serum and follicular fluid SCF levels in PCOS patients were found to be lower than in non-PCOS group. sSCF and ffSCF were statistically significantly higher who had clinical pregnancy than those who had no clinical pregnancy in the PCOS group.Conclusions: SCF levels are low in serum and follicular fluid in patients with PCOS and that the increase in SCF levels is associated with an increase in oocyte maturation and clinical pregnancy rates in PCOS.
Epidemiological profile, maternal and neonatal issue of uterine rupture at the Befelatanana Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital
Authors: Ratsiatosika Tanjona Andriamanetsiarivo , Randriamahavonjy Romuald , Ravelojaona Andry Nirina , Abasse Baco Abdallah , Ibrahim Housni , Rakotonirina Ando-Miora , Rasoanandrianina Bienvenue Solange , Andrianampanalinarivo Rakotovao Hery
Published: August 2018

Background: Uterine rupture is an obstetric emergency. It involves the life of the mother and the fetus. The main objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological-clinical profile of uterine rupture in Befelatanana Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital from January 2016 to April 2018.Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study conducted from January 1, 2016 to April 30, 2018 at the Befelatanana Hospital Centre of Gynecology-Obstetrics. All pregnant patients with uterine rupture were included.Results: We recorded 35 cases of uterine rupture in 13184 deliveries with a prevalence of 2.65%. The average age was 27.69±6.21 years old. More than half of the pregnant women attended at least four prenatal care consultations. Uterine rupture occurred after a vaginal delivery attempt outside the centre in 62.86%. There were 77.14% cases occurring on non-scarred uterus and 14.29% on mechanical dystocia. A case of fetal macrosomia has been reported. There were 28.57% maternal deaths and 51.43% perinatal deaths, half of which were fetal deaths in utero and the other half were early neonatal deaths.Conclusions: Uterine rupture remains high in Madagascar. Quality antenatal care and training of the personal would be needed.
Comparison of laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy, total abdominal hysterectomy and vaginal hysterectomy: A four years retrospective study in tertiary care centre
Authors: Padvi Namrata Vasant , Ghumare Jitendra Pundalik
Published: August 2018

Background: Hysterectomy is one of the commonest gynaecological operations performed in India. Traditional surgical treatments performed are abdominal hysterectomy and vaginal hysterectomy. Vaginal and laparoscopic procedures are considered “minimally invasive” surgical approaches because they do not require a large abdominal incision and, thus, typically are associated with shortened hospitalization and postoperative recovery times compared with open abdominal hysterectomy. With the aid of laparoscopic procedure, a potential abdominal hysterectomy can be converted to a vaginal one and a difficult vaginal hysterectomy can be converted into a fairly simple vaginal hysterectomy. Aim of the present study is to compare above methods of hysterectomy in terms of operating time, estimated blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay and complication, so as to provide best course of treatment to patient.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in tertiary care centre. Four-year data was collected from January 2012 to December 2016. Cases of LAVH with benign gynaecological condition and up to 12 weeks size uterus, without any associated medical condition were selected in study randomly, and compare with cases of NDVH, TAH in terms of duration of operative procedure, blood loss during surgery, and postoperative hospital stay.Results: In present study we found that average duration of procedure in LAVH was 84.35 minute, which was maximum compare to other method. Estimated blood loss in LAVH was least as compare to NDVH and TAH it was maximum. The average hospital stays in LAVH and NDVH was less as compared to TAH.Conclusions: LAVH should be considered a better approach in view of the relatively less blood loss and intraoperative complication. Due to lack of large randomized controlled trials, the role of Laparoscopic hysterectomy is difficult to define.
Evaluation of Reid’s Combined Colposcopic Index as a predictor of cervical intraepithelial lesion
Authors: Verma Indu , Pundhir Pratibha , Kaur Tejinder , Jain Veena , Sood Dinesh
Published: August 2018

Background: Carcinoma cervix is the commonest cancer among women worldwide and in India it accounts for 80% of all genital cancers. Screening methods include cervical cytology, human papilloma virus testing and colposcopy. Objective of present study was to evaluate suspicious cervix colposcopically using Reids Colposcopic Index (RCI) and to correlate RCI with histopathological findings.Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study done on 125 women with clinical diagnosis of suspicious cervix. Colposcopy was performed and grading of the disease was done according to RCI. Positive cases were subjected to cervical biopsy and endocervical curettage was performed in unsatisfactory colposcopy.Results: Colposcopy was done on 125 women with suspicious cervix. Out of 125, sixty two showed abnormal colposcopic findings which were graded according to RCI into Low grade disease predicting histological diagnosis of CIN1 in 47, Intermediate grade disease predicting histological diagnosis of CIN1/2 in 11 and High grade disease predicting histological diagnosis of CIN2/3 in 4 women. Colposcopy of one women suggested invasive carcinoma and was confirmed on histopathology to be microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma. Six women with unsatisfactory colposcopy showed benign histopathology. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and false negative rate of colposcopy for invasive disease was 50%, 100%, 100% and 1.60% respectively with 98.40% diagnostic accuracy. Colposcopic diagnosis of invasive disease and histopathology report showed 100% correlation.Conclusions: Correlation between RCI and histopathology was good. Predictive accuracy of colposcopy increased with increasing severity of disease.
Maternal socio-demographic determinants and fetal outcome of intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Singh Arpita , K. Ambujam
Published: August 2018

Background: Intrauterine Growth Restriction is a major neonatal health issue. It is associated with increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal factors are the major contributing factors of IUGR and studying these factors can help in preventing IUGR and reducing perinatal mortality. The objective is to study the maternal sociodemographic risk factors associated with Intra uterine growth restriction.Methods: This is a Case-control study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GMC Thrissur. 115 cases of Intra Uterine Growth Restriction were compared to 115 controls. Data was collected by interviewing the mother using structured questionnaire which is pretested and by persual of antenatal records. Intra Uterine Growth Restriction is defined as occurring if the sonographic estimated fetal weight <10th percentile for that gestational age. Chi Square test was used for the analysis of data.Results: Low socio-economic status and malnutrition (BMI<18.5) were significant socio-demographic factors associated with fetal growth restriction. Mean birth weight in IUGR group was 1.8kg compared to 2.9kg in control group. Female fetuses were more commonly associated with IUGR. Intra Uterine Growth Restricted babies had lower Apgar scores (<7) and had more chances for NICU admission.Conclusions: By studying the maternal risk factors associated with Intra Uterine Growth Restriction, we could identify the high-risk group. Early predictive studies could be done in these high-risk pregnancies with focus on good antenatal care to reduce the problem of IUGR in the community.
A prospective study to evaluate the role of hysterolaparoscopy in infertility
Authors: Kale Pooja Subhash , Noronha Sylvia
Published: August 2018

Background: Infertility is one of the most important and underappreciated reproductive health problems in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of hysterolaparoscopy in infertility.Methods: It was observational prospective study. In this study, 50 patients in the age group of 20-40 years who are anxious to conceive formed the study group. All women were subjected to a detailed history taking followed by clinical examination.Results: Out of 50 cases studied, 30 (60%) were of primary infertility while, 20 (40%) were of secondary infertility. Laparoscopic findings were as follows, 28% had polycystic ovaries, 20% had endometriosis, 18% had tubal factors, 18% had adhesions, and 8% had fibroids while 4% had PID. Hysteroscopic findings were uterine septum in 16%, T shaped cavity in 14%, shaggy-hyperplastic endometrium in 10% while adhesions and polyps in 8% and 4% respectively. 16 women (32%) conceived after the procedure during the study period.Conclusions: It is concluded that while investigating the causes of female infertility combined simultaneous diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy with operative interventions wherever indicated should be performed in all infertile patients before treatment, especially in women with age more than 30 years.
Knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of women concerning osteoporosis above 45 years women
Authors: Agarwal Juhi , Badkur Poorva
Published: August 2018

Background: The objective is to determine the knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of women above 45 years old.Methods: It is a cross-sectional analytical study of 100 women above 45 years of upper class women. The interview schedule consisted of 4 parts including questions about knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) and also demographic questions.Results: A significant relationship between the score of preventive practice and all the following parameters was found: level of education, hearing about osteoporosis, knowledge score, perceived barrier to preventive actions and perceived seriousness of osteoporosis.Conclusions: Inaccurate or insufficient knowledge and their negative attitude to the preventive actions and their weak practice in case of prevention, it is the responsibility of health policymakers and medical associations to plan for osteoporosis education and prevention initiatives.
Measures of generalized and central obesity among medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Kumar S. Senthil , Vithiavathi S. , Parameswaren P. , Kumar S. Rakesh
Published: August 2018

Background: Obesity is a disease process characterized by excessive body fat accumulation which is associated with a large number of debilitating and life-threatening disorders. It is necessary to curb obesity when its beginning in late childhood or adolescence and youngsters. Hence this study is aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity among medical college students.Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted at Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference were measured, and BMI and Waist Hip ratio has been calculated according to WHO standards to determine obesity level in students.Results: Out of the total 94 students included in the study 56.4% students were in normal weight, 26.6% overweight, 6.4% were obese and shockingly 10.6 % were in the underweight category. Nearly 81.8% and 79.5% of female and male students respectively were in the substantially increased risk category showing insignificant difference between genders.Conclusions: This study shows that overweight and obesity is prevalent among medical students without much difference in gender basis. Frequent screening might create awareness among students and help them become more self-conscious regarding overweight and obesity.
Knowledge attitude and practice about diabetes among patients with diabetes attending medicine OPD of tertiary care hospital at Kulasekharam
Authors: Bruce Praythiesh
Published: August 2018

Background: Diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death as per the World Health Organisation in the year 2030. The public health concern in developing countries is diabetes. In adults the prevalence of diabetes globally has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. The knowledge regarding the diabetic drugs can be improved by group education and patient counselling.Methods: The study was conducted on diagnosed cases of diabetic patients visiting Medicine OPD SMIMS, Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu. In this study, convenient sampling was done and was conducted from May 2016 to October 2016 using a pre tested, semi‐structured questionnaire.Results: 200 diabetic mellitus patients were enrolled during the study period. The knowledge score of the patients was found to be 23.00±1.22, attitude score was 8.00±1.22 and practice score was 8.00±1.22 out of maximum possible scores of 25, 10 and 10 for knowledge, attitude and practices respectively. Knowledge scores had a strong association both with attitude as well as practice scores (p<0.05).Conclusions: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice of diabetic patients was very good.
Qualidade do serviço no comércio varejista de vestuário: lacunas percebidas pela clientela feminina
Authors: Campos Domingos Fernandes , Garcia Ellen Figueiredo Leão , Campos Daniel Cavalcanti Fernandes , Pereira Filho Evadio
Published: August 2018

Resumo: No presente estudo apresenta-se um comparativo de expectativas e percepções do serviço no segmento do vestuário em três centros comerciais – um comércio popular de bairro, um shopping center e uma rua de comércio tradicional de alto poder aquisitivo – na Cidade de Natal, RN. Foram coletadas expectativas e percepções do serviço recebido de 1.155 mulheres sobre um conjunto de 23 atributos. O modelo das lacunas de qualidade foi utilizado para a avaliação da qualidade do serviço percebido em cada área. Em todos os centros comerciais houve predominância de lacunas negativas, indicando que as clientes percebem o serviço oferecido aquém de suas necessidades. O confronto entre os níveis de importância e as lacunas de qualidade possibilitou apontar os atributos que deveriam receber uma atenção destacada dos gestores. Os resultados sugerem que o comércio no bairro popular tende a atrair clientes menos exigentes. Ao mesmo tempo, esses clientes percebem níveis mais baixos de qualidade no serviço recebido.Palavras-chave: Qualidade do serviço. Lacunas de qualidade. Varejo. Matriz de importância e desempenho. Quality of service in retail clothing: gaps perceived by female customers Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to compare expectations and perceptions of service in the clothing segment in three commercial centers – a district, a shopping center and a strip retail – in Natal, RN. Expectations and perceptions of received service were collected from 1,155 women in a set of 23 attributes. The model of quality gaps was used to assess the quality of service perceived in each area. In all retail centers there was predominance of negative gaps, indicating that customers perceive the service offered below their needs. The confrontation between the levels of importance and quality gaps allowed to identify the attributes that should be given a prominent attention from managers. The results suggest that commerce in the popular neighborhood tends to attract less demanding customers. At the same time, these customers perceive lower quality levels in the service received.Keywords: Quality service. Quality gaps. Retail. Importance-performance analysis.
Crédito consignado: segmentos e efeitos econômicos
Authors: Medeiros Angélica Pott de , Oliveira Giulia Xisto de , Bender Filho Reisoli
Published: August 2018

Resumo: O cenário de instabilidade política, a recessão econômica e as mudanças nas regras de concessão de crédito pautaram o objetivo de examinar o relacionamento do crédito consignado, por segmento de concessão, com variáveis macroeconômicas, caso do consumo, da produção industrial e do produto agregado, na última década (2007-2017). Os resultados foram obtidos por meio da estimação do vetor de correção de erros, funções de impulso-resposta e decomposição da variância, possibilitando a análise das relações de curto e de longo prazo entre as séries temporais e indicaram que as diferentes modalidades do crédito consignado implicam efeitos distintos sobre as variáveis econômicas em curto prazo. O segmento de aposentados e pensionistas impacta positivamente ambas as variáveis analisadas, com destaque para os bens de consumo das famílias. Já a concessão ao setor privado, embora represente a menor parcela do crédito consignado concedido, mostrou elevada sensibilidade a alterações na oferta dessa modalidade de crédito, enquanto que o crédito ao setor público, de maior participação, apresentou efeitos reduzidos e de curta duração.Palavras-chave: Crédito consignado. Segmentos. Economia brasileira. Payroll loans: segments and economic effects Abstract: The environment of political instability, economic recession and changes in the rules of granting credit were guiders to aim to examine the payroll loans relationship, by concession segment, with macroeconomic variables, case of consumption, industrial production and aggregate product, in the last decade (2007-2017). The results obtained by error correction vector estimation, and functions of impulse-response and variance decomposition, making it possible to analyze the short- and long-term relationships between the time series and indicated that the different modalities of payroll loans imply different effects on economic short-term variables. With retirees and pensioners segment positively impact on both analyzed variables, highlighting the household consumption goods. The concession to the private sector, although it represents the smallest portion of payroll loans granted, it showed high sensitivity to the changes of this modality. About credit to the public sector, which has the biggest portion, it showed reduced and short-term effects.Keywords: Payroll loans. Segments. Brazilian economy.
Editorial
Authors: Oro Ieda Margarete
Published: August 2018

Editorial