bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Pengembangan Zakat Produktif Studi Komparatif di Indonesia dan Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Saputra Andrian
Published: December 2024

This research examines the productive zakat development model in Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam through a comparative approach. Productive zakat is an effort to utilize zakat funds to improve the economic welfare of mustahik in a sustainable manner. In Indonesia, zakat is regulated by Law no. 23 of 2011 and managed by the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) and various Amil Zakat Institutions (LAZ). Meanwhile, in Brunei Darussalam, zakat is managed by the Brunei Islamic Religious Council (MUIB) based on sharia law. This study found that the two countries have different approaches but both focus on empowering the mustahik economy through programs such as providing business capital, skills training and assistance with production equipment. Indonesia shows diversity in program implementation with extensive collaboration between various institutions, while Brunei Darussalam utilizes full government support for more focused and effective program implementation. Challenges facing Indonesia include unequal distribution and weak supervision, while Brunei faces challenges in economic diversification. However, both countries have great opportunities to increase the effectiveness of productive zakat programs through technological innovation and closer collaboration between the public and private sectors. This study provides insight into best practices and lessons that can be drawn from each country to improve the welfare of mustahik in a sustainable manner. The conclusion of this research emphasizes the importance of strengthening the legal and institutional framework, as well as increasing transparency and accountability in the management of productive zakat.
ADAPTATION OF THE NALANDA BUDDHIST TRADITION IN THE MODERN WORLD
Authors: Erendzhenova Yu. Yu.
Published: December 2024

The research is devoted to the identification of the main factors of adaptation of the Buddhist tradition, formed on the basis of the religious and philosophical heritage of the scholars of the ancient Indian monastery of Nalanda, in the modern world. It is determined that the ideas of voidness, compassion and bodhichitta, as well as contemplative practices, studied in detail in the works of Nalanda’s Panditas and actively preached by Tibetan Buddhists, are becoming important both in religious and secular contexts, and therefore can represent answers to the global challenges of our time.
THE WORLD OF CHINESE MAHAYANA BUDDHISM
Authors: Yangutov L. E.
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the specific features of the world of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism. It gives brief historical information about the penetration and spread of Buddhism in China. The civilizational features of China that Buddhism had encountered are shown, the reasons and conditions for the formation of Chinese schools of Buddhism are indicated. It is substantiated that the teachings of the schools of Chinese Buddhism do not contradict the basic principles of the mother Buddhism that came from India.
GESER AND ZHAMSARAN IN THE ASPECT OF THEIR BUDDHIST THEOGONY
Authors: Urbanaeva I. S. , Loschenkov A.V.
Published: December 2024

In the article, the authors, based on the fact of the wide popularity of the Geser epic and the Buddhist cult of Geser in Inner Asia, formulate the question of the origins of the opposition between Geser and Dharmapala Zhamsaran among the Buryat lamas. And as a result of the analysis of theogonic versions of the origin of the Buddhist cults of Geser and Zhamsaran (Begtse) they come to the conclusion that the search for the reasons for their opposition leads beyond the comparative theogonic analysis into the area of religious-political relations in the history of Inner Asia.
«SUTRA ON IMPERMANNESS» (PREFACE, TRANSLATION FROM TIBETAN, COMMENTARY)
Authors: Nesterkin S. P.
Published: December 2024

In the «Sutra on Impermanence» (Skt. Anityatāsūtra, Tib. mi rtag pa nyid kyi mdo), preached by Buddha Shakyamuni in the Jeta Grove in Sravasti, he talks about such a fundamental quality of samsara as impermanence, explaining it using examples of health, youth, prosperity and life. The sutra is included in the Tibetan canon (Toh 309, Deges Kangyur, T. 72 (mdo sde, sa), l. 155a–155b).
BUDDHISM AND POSTHUMOUS NAMES IN JAPAN
Authors: Frolova E.L.
Published: December 2024

As part of a Buddhist funeral, Japanese people receive a special posthumous name. This tradition has been in place since the Middle Ages, but today it is criticized for the high cost of posthumous names. The religious significance of posthumous names is weakening in a consumer society.
PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF COMPARISONS OF QUANTUM PHYSICS WITH BUDDHIST ONTOLOGY
Authors: Urbanaeva I.S.
Published: December 2024

The article highlights those discoveries of quantum physics, the philosophical understanding of which leads researchers to compare its ontology with Buddhist ontology. These are phenomena that reveal the subjectivism of physics. Thus, the discovery of the fundamental role of the observer for quantum mechanical processes and the collapse of the wave function became a «bridge» for the rapprochement of quantum mechanics and Buddhist philosophy, which asserts the relative nature of reality. The phenomenon of quantum non-locality or the plurality of parallel worlds became another basis for seeing the similarity of quantum physics and Buddhism. The idea of universal interdependence, characteristic of relational interpretations of quantum physics, also contributes to strengthening the idea of its similarity with Buddhist ontology. However, as the analysis of two representative comparative approaches shows – one developed by W. Mansfield from the side of physics, and the other developed by A. A. Terentyev from the side of Buddhism – the general tendency to compare the ontology of quantum physics and Buddhism is based on the incorrect reduction of Buddhist ontology to the doctrine of dependent origination and the wrongful identification of emptiness with dependent origination. Although the perception of Buddhist ontology as «Indra’s net» serves for comparativists from the side of physics, as well as for a wide circle of intellectuals, as the first step towards understanding the closeness of Buddhist philosophy to modern science, nevertheless, such popular interpretations are not entirely correct.
BUDDHIST CONCEPT OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES IN THE MODERN TIMES
Authors: Mukunda Bista
Published: December 2024

Consciousness has been at the center of debates and discussions from the ancient time. In India, for example, there were several schools of thoughts professing different ideas on consciousness and its nature. It ranged from an extreme form of material monism to the extreme form of idealism, mental monism. Somehow the debate in the modern time too continues, about the status and the nature of consciousness; whether it has an independent existence, independent to the matter, or whether it is still an extension of matter. Since the beginning of consciousness studies in the 21st century, and particularly since the evolution of quantum physics, the gnawing question of consciousness, its existence, nature, and role has re-emerged fresh among intellectuals, philosophers, and scientists. Here, I will present the Buddhist view of consciousness and how modern studies on consciousness can benefit from the immense knowledge accumulated on consciousness since 2500 years ago by Buddhists.
DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO BUDDHIST DHARMA IN ABHIDHARMAKOSHA AND ABHISAMAYALAMKARA
Authors: Magsarzhav Gantuyaa
Published: December 2024

There are different approaches to understanding Buddhist truth or Dharma in «Abhidharma» and «Anhisamayalamkara». In «Abhidharmakosa», the comprehension of Truth begins with the analysis of suffering associated with birth, aging, illness and death of a person. Next, the more subtle aspects of suffering are discussed, such as suffering from change and suffering from attachment to existence, etc. And the path to liberation includes eight components, known as the Noble Eightfold Path: right understanding, intention, speech, action, lifestyle, effort, attention and concentration. Each component is studied and practiced with the goal of eliminating the causes of suffering and achieving Nirvana. In «Abhidharma», questions are considered from the more understandable and obvious to the deeper and more complex, moving from physical and mental suffering to understanding the nature of the soul and achieving Nirvana. The «Abhisamayalamkara», which is the main Prajna-Paramita shastra, offers a different approach to the Dharma. It begins with the highest knowledge, which covers all aspects of existence. This knowledge is considered to be all-pervasive and comprehensive, including the understanding of the knowledge of the Buddha. After explaining the highest knowledge, attention switches to the knowledge of the Path to the libaration and the knowledge of the Foundation of the Truth. They include moral and ethical aspects that support the structure of the worldview. This knowledge is given in order from top to bottom, starting with the understanding of the highest reality and ending with its manifestations on the Path to the Dharmakaya. Thus, the philosophies of «Abhidharmakosa» and «Abhisamayalamkara» represents different approaches to understanding Buddhist Truth and achieving spiritual enlightenment. «Abhidharma» begins with the analysis of suffering and ends with the attainment of Nirvana, while the «Abhisamayalamkara» begins with the highest knowledge of the Buddha and descends to more specific aspects of the path to this highest knowledge.
WAYS TO SOLVING THE EASY PROBLEM OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN THERAVADA BUDDHISM
Authors: Vorobyov V.V.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to analyzing two main approaches to the study of consciousness proposed by philosopher David Chalmers: the third-person approach and the first-person approach. The first approach, characteristic of the Western scientific tradition, views consciousness through objective observation and physical correlates such as neural activity and behavior. The second approach, proposed by Descartes, explores consciousness through subjective experience and internal states. Theravada Buddhist philosophy, which offers an alternative view of the nature of consciousness where subjective experience is explained through an objective continuous stream of moments, is also considered. The article emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive study of consciousness that combines both approaches to better understand its nature and to explain difficult problems of consciousness, such as qualia and free will.
BUDDHISM AND THE SPHERE OF MONGOLIAN CULTURE
Authors: Byambakhishig Purevsuren
Published: December 2024

The influence of Buddhism on Mongolian culture is mainly manifested in the following spheres:

– In Mongolia, Buddhism experienced significant influence from India and Tibet. Buddhism spread three times in the history of Mongolia, and each time has its own unique characteristics.

– In Mongolia, Vajrayana Buddhism has a special influence.

– Buddhism focuses on lifestyle with a legitimate means of livelihood. And the nomadic civilization of Mongolia itself developed minimal consumption. Syncretization of Buddhist and nomadic lifestyle should be taught to modern urbanized youth of Mongolia.

– In Buddhism, physical suffering is considered inevitable and beneficial for spiritual progress. Modern Mongolian youth need the spiritual and moral education of Buddhism. Also by the Buddhist education modern Mongolian politicians should strive for the well-being of their people and put aside their personal material interests.

– Buddhism encourages vegetarianism to improve health, which reflects non-violence towards animals. Mongolia is a country of pastoralism, and the Mongolian people, in the process of pastoralism, introduce methods and practices of extensive knowledge of zoology, botany, meteorology, geography and astronomy combined with Buddhist theories.

– Buddhist art originated in India and developed in Mongolia due to contact with Mongolian culture. Special works of many generations of Mongolian artisans express the characteristics of Mongolian Buddhist art.
RESEARCH ON BUDDHISM IN CHINA
Authors: Habdaeva A.K.
Published: December 2024

The main trends in the development of Chinese Buddhology, which determined its current state, were laid in the 20th century, when scientific research began in this field. An important role in the development of Chinese Buddhology was played by lay Buddhists Yang Wenhui, Taixu, Ouyang Jingwu, Yin Shun, Zhao Puchu, who proclaimed the ideas of «Buddhism of life» and «humanistic Buddhism». During the crisis period of Chinese history at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, significant scientific achievements were achieved by Lü Cheng and Hu Shi. The key figures in Chinese Buddhology in the 21st century can be recognized as the scientists Yang Zengwen and Hong Xiuping. The discovery of the Dunhuang manuscripts and the introduction of Buddhist works brought from Japan into scientific circulation at the beginning of the 20th century were of great importance in activating scientific interest in Chinese Buddhism. Currently, Buddhology is an important part of China’s research work in the social sciences and humanities.
SCIENTIFIC IDEAS AND MEANINGS IN THE CONTEXT OF BUDDHIST THEORIES AND PRACTICES OF THE MONGOLIAN PEOPLES (KHAMAG MONGOL)
Authors: ABAEVA L.L.
Published: December 2024

The author of this article, firstly, tries to prove that in such an ancient and highly organized confessional structure as Buddhism there were already scientific approaches and scientific methods of knowing certain phenomena of the material and immaterial worlds. The Mongolian peoples (Khamag Mongol), as classical representatives of the nomadic civilization, quite actively and successfully adapted not only some philosophical postulates and symbols of Buddhist culture, but also quite successfully perceived its practical realities.
NOTION OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN BUDDHA-DHARMA
Authors: Aashish B.V.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of consciousness in the sensory world, without which, according to the author, there is no “beingˮ. In Eastern religious philosophy, consciousness is one of the most inevitable aspects of the discussion that leads to the full realization of awakening or enlightenment.
GENE STRUCTURE AND SETTLEMENT OF PARISHIONERS OF THE KHAMINIGAN DATSANS IN THE WORKS OF DOMESTIC RESEARCHERS
Authors: Zhamsueva D.S.
Published: December 2024

The article presents an overview of the clan composition and settlement of the Khamnigan in the works of Russian researchers, including the heterogeneity of the composition of its population, which are illustrated by the example of the parish structure of six Khamnigan datsans founded in the period from 1802 to 1828.
THE EXPERIENCE OF CATALOGUING MONGOLIAN MANUSCRIPTS AND WOODCUTS FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE ETHNOGRAPHIC MUSEUM OF THE PEOPLES OF TRANSBAIKALIA
Authors: Miyagasheva S.B.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of Mongolian written sources from the EMNZ funds and the description of the experience of their cataloging. A brief description of the annotated catalog is given, in which manuscripts and woodcuts are classified and introduced into scientific circulation.
BUDDHIST VOCABULARY IN THE MODERN BURYAT LANGUAGE
Authors: Tsybenova E.B.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the identification of new trends in the verbal culture of the Buryats as the return of the vocabulary of spiritual culture from the fund of archaisms to active use in the modern Buryat language. The lexical dearchaization of Buddhist terms and concepts, which for some time was little used and uncommon, is facilitated by the attitude of society to the revival of spiritual traditions, cultural values and social realities lost in the course of history or «pushed» into the background. The fact that the dearchaized Buddhist vocabulary was organically actualized in the speech of modern Buryats without «special resistance» suggests that the traditions of Buddhism, its significant influence on the broad masses of modern Buryat society were historically formed during the previous centuries and preserved in the language, despite the ban and persecution during the years of Soviet power.
BUDDHIST RITUALS AND PRACTICES IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA
Authors: Voytishek E.E. , Wang Ting
Published: December 2024

This study is devoted to the history, rituals and practices of Buddhism in the northeastern of China. The main attention is paid to the study of the rituals of North-Eastern Buddhism, their historical evolution and cultural implications, revealing the important role of rituals in Buddhist beliefs and social culture.
«CRITICAL BUDDHISM» AND THE PROBLEMS OF SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION IN JAPAN
Authors: Lugavtsova A.P.
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the socio-ethical aspect of “Critical Buddhism”, which is one of the modern trends of Japanese Buddhist philosophy. It is shown how its ideologists attempted to find the source of social problems of Japanese society, in particular, discrimination against Burakumin (descendants of so-called “impure” castes), and ways to solve them through the prism of religious perception of Buddhism by the population of the Japanese islands, namely, the centuries-old imposition of Buddhist doctrines of “primordial enlightenment” and “Buddha nature”. It is revealed that for the ideologists of “Critical Buddhism” the very foundations of Japanese and the whole Far Eastern Buddhism, contained in these doctrines, centered in themselves false ideals contrary to the “authentic” teachings of The Buddha, and the root of the social inequality that continues to persist in Japan.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUDDHISM AND TAOISM IN HISTORICAL RETROSPECT AND MODERNITY
Authors: Yangutov L.E.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of interaction between Taoism and Buddhism in their historical development from the moment of Buddhism’s entry into China to the formation of syncretism of three teachings, known in China as the unity of three teachings (san jiao, 三教). The article examines the conventional stages of interaction between Buddhism and Taoism, their relationship to each other, mutual influence and mutual borrowing. It shows the interaction of Buddhism and Taoism in the framework of their syncretism, including Confucianism, as well as the demand for such syncretism in the modern conditions of China.
EL CUERNO VIRTUAL: ESTRATEGIAS DIGITALES PARA LA DOCUMENTACIÓN Y DIFUSIÓN DE LA ARQUEOLOGÍA DEL CUERNO DE ÁFRICA
Authors: De Torres Rodríguez Jorge , Franco Fernández Manuel Antonio , Aparicio Resco Pablo , Rouco Collazo Jorge
Published: December 2024

El proyecto StateHorn busca entender, desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar, el origen y la consolidación de los estados medievales islámicos del Cuerno de África, para comparar su estabilidad entre los siglos XI y XVI con las actuales tensiones en la región. Para manejarse en un complejo escenario que incluye varios países, diferentes tradiciones académicas y lenguajes, el proyecto StateHorn ha desarrollado una serie de estrategias y herramientas para documentar e integrar datos documentales y arqueológicos. Este artículo presenta tres de las estrategias usadas en nuestra investigación. El primero es el programa Ibapp Beta, una aplicación diseñada por uno de los miembros del proyecto para recoger datos en campo en diferentes contextos, añadir fotografías, datos GPS e información arqueológica. El segundo caso de estudio es la reconstrucción virtual de una mezquita medieval de Somalilandia, empleando antiguas fotos de archivo, fotogrametría y documentación arqueológica y etnográfica. Finalmente, un tercer caso versa sobre la reconstrucción de la planimetría del asentamiento de Amud, una villa medieval ahora desaparecida, pero con algunas fotografías aéreas de la década de 1930. Combinándolas con ortofotos e imágenes satelitales, ha sido posible reconstruir el trazado urbano de este importante yacimiento, pero muy dañado.
PRESENTACIÓN
Authors: Maldonado Ruiz Alexis , Rouco Collazo Jorge
Published: December 2024

Presentación para el Monográfico CPAG 2024
The phenomenon of business memoirs in the English-language sociocultural context of the late 20th – early 21st centuries
Authors: Efremov Bogdan Vyacheslavovich
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to identify the cultural specificity of memoir texts of entrepreneurs of the late 20th – early 21st centuries. The article defines the cultural and historical prerequisites for the formation of business memoirs as a modification of the memoir text. The main attention is paid to the description of the cultural and historical events that influenced the formation of the typology and periodization of the memoir text in Western Europe and the United States. In addition, a descriptive analysis of the structural and substantive characteristics in modern memoir texts of entrepreneurs is presented, through which the reasons for the increased demand for entrepreneurial memoirs were identified. The scientific novelty of the study consists in determining the genesis of business memoirs as a type of memoir text and systematizing the structural and substantive characteristics of English-speaking entrepreneurs’ memoirs based on their cultural context. As a result of the study, it was found that the current popularity of business memoirs in Western countries is explained by their technical development, as well as the cultural tradition of doing business and the tradition of writing memoirs. It was also established that the above-described traditions are a consequence of the development in the United States of ideas and images of Puritanism as a branch of Christianity.
The structure of the modular training system for teachers of additional education in promising areas of use of unmanned systems
Authors: Chernega Elena Anatolyevna , Efimenko Yuri Alexandrovich , Sokolovsky Sergey Leonidovich
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to substantiate and develop the structure of a professional retraining program for teachers of additional education in promising areas of the use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) based on modular training. The article considers the problem of applying modular training to the retraining of teachers in the field of ALS. The structure of the modular training program for teachers of additional education in promising areas of use of unmanned systems in Russia, which consists of three large modules, is presented.: "Basic", "Industry-specific" and "Developmental". The modules are interconnected with each other, but solving their own specific didactic task. The convenience and versatility of the learning modules means that students can complete them at their own pace, providing a comprehensive and rewarding learning experience. The scientific novelty is due to the fact that a variable structure of a modular professional retraining program for teachers of additional education has been developed and theoretically substantiated in promising areas of using ALS, which allows teachers to be trained depending on their initial level of training and various industry orientations. As a result of the research, the structural system of the modular teacher training program is described in promising areas of using unmanned systems.
Pharmacopoeias’ and manufacturers’ requirements for the quality of hard gelatin capsule shells
Authors: Kovaleva E. L. , Matveeva O. A. , Shelestova V. V. , Balatskaya K. A.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION. The lack of national requirements regulating the quality of empty hard gelatin capsule shells (before filling with medicines) causes difficulties not only for capsule developers and manufacturers but also for experts evaluating regulatory submissions. This necessitates a comparative analysis of Russian and international requirements for the quality of hard gelatin capsule shells in order to draft a pharmacopoeia monograph on empty hard gelatin capsule shells.

AIM. This study aimed to analyse the level of quality requirements for hard gelatin capsule shells, the selection of quality attributes for testing, and the applicable methods and analytical procedures for the preparation of a draft monograph for the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.

DISCUSSION. The results of this study indicate that the growing interest of manufacturers in producing capsule formulations is due to a number of features and advantages of this dosage form. Monographs on empty hard gelatin capsule shells are available in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Belarus, the Indian Pharmacopoeia, the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, the Korean

Pharmacopoeia, and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. The pharmacopoeial requirements for hard gelatin capsule shells include testing for quality attributes, such as description, identification (gelatin, titanium dioxide, dyes, and preservatives), odour, average capsule mass, disintegration, loss on drying, microbiological quality, impurities (sulfate ash, heavy metals, and arsenic), and preservatives (parabens and sulfur dioxide). Compared with other pharmacopoeias, the pharmacopoeias of Belarus and China provide the most detailed approach to the control of hard gelatin capsule shells. According to the materials of registration dossiers for 65 medicinal products formulated as capsules, the hard gelatin capsule shells that are most frequently used in Russia are produced by eight manufacturers. The specifications of these manufacturers include all the common quality attributes described in the pharmacopoeias and additional tests for arsenic and lubricants.

CONCLUSIONS. The results of this comparative analysis of pharmacopoeial quality standards and manufacturers’ specifications for hard gelatin capsule shells justify the selection of the necessary quality attributes, limits, and requirements for inclusion in the draft monograph on empty hard gelatin capsule shells.
Standardisation of the method of residual organic solvent determination (review)
Authors: Kornilova O. G. , Smiryagin E. A. , Bagirova V. L. , Sumtsov M. A.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION. An important quality attribute of medicines and excipients is the content of residual organic solvents (ROS). The general chapter on ROS (1.1.0008) of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (Ph. Rus.) does not provide analytical procedures for ROS identification, limit tests, and quantitative determination. This impedes the standardisation of approaches to the control of ROS.

AIM. This study aimed to analyse global pharmacopoeial practices for and methodological approaches to the control of ROS in order to prepare a draft general chapter on ROS.

DISCUSSION. According to the comparative analysis of the requirements for the control of ROS of the European Pharmacopoeia, the United States Pharmacopoeia, the Pharmacopoeia of the Eurasian Economic Union, and the Ph. Rus., the current Ph. Rus. general chapter lacks a description of chromatographic systems, and this description should be provided. The validation requirements for the relevant test procedures in neither of the analysed pharmacopoeias include an exhaustive list of equipment characteristics that are necessary and sufficient to satisfy all analytical conditions.

CONCLUSIONS. It is reasonable to harmonise the Ph. Rus. general chapter on ROS (1.1.0008) with global pharmacopoeial approaches to ROS determination by gas chromatography. The authors recommend supplementing the draft general chapter on ROS with analytical procedures for ROS identification, limit tests, and quantitative determination.
Measurement of CP Violation in D0 Meson Decays at the CMS Experiment
Authors: Sergeychik V. S. , Polikarpov S. M.
Published: December 2024

The paper describes the search results for CP violation in the D0 → $$K_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}$$ decay. The analysis was performed using the proton–proton collision data with centre-of-mass energy of $$\sqrt s $$ = 13 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The analyzed data sample contains about 1010 events associated with production of charm hadrons, which allows performing precise measurements. The measured CP violation parameter is ACP (D0 → $$K_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}$$) = (6.2 ± 3.1 (stat.) ± 0.2 (syst.) ± 0.8 (ACP (D0 → $$K_{S}^{0}$$π+π−))%, where the last uncertainty is due to the uncertainty in the reference channel asymmetry ACP (D0 → $$K_{S}^{0}$$π+π−). The obtained results are consistent with no CP violation in the studied decay. This analysis is the first measurement of CP violation in charm sector at the CMS experiment.
Greenwashing and Corporate Financial Performance: Assessing the Relationship
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Nazarova V. V. , Torgachkina S. A. ,   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Haukka O. V. ,   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”
Published: December 2024

In today’s world, nature conservation and environmental sustainability are becoming increasingly critical for maintaining a business’s competitive advantage. Many companies leverage these factors to enhance their reputation and attract new customers. However, some engage in greenwashing by making misleading or false claims about their environmental achievements. This study aims to analyze the impact of greenwashing practices on the key financial indicators of companies suspected of such behavior. To achieve this, the Greenwashing Index (GWI) was calculated, reflecting the degree of discrepancy between declared environmental initiatives and actual business actions. Econometric models were built using a sample of 100 companies from various industries, with return on assets (ROA) as the dependent variable. Analyzing the relationship between ROA, the GWI, and other related variables allowed for an assessment of how the GWI affects a company’s financial performance. Academic literature indicates that the financial implications of greenwashing are ambiguous. Most research either examines the effect of greenwashing on specific business performance indicators or focuses on the legal consequences of violating environmental regulations. This article contributes to the literature by evaluating the financial performance implications of greenwashing through the calculation of the GWI. The findings reveal that greenwashing practices positively impact financial performance of businesses. Even negative media coverage of greenwashing did not adversely affect the financial outcomes of the companies analyzed. This study significantly advances the understanding of the relationship between greenwashing and financial performance. However, further research is needed to deepen this understanding. Future studies should expand the time horizon (this study covered the 2020–2022 period), include a broader range of industries (this research focused on those most frequently associated with greenwashing), and consider additional control variables. These steps will provide a more comprehensive understanding of greenwashing dynamics and their impact on sustainable business development.
Building Working Alliance on Online and Offline Counselling
Authors: Alifa Hafnia Rahma , Nugraha Suci , Nawangsih Endah
Published: December 2024

Telecounseling in Indonesia can be a solution to overcome the shortage of mental health professionals to address psychological problems. Telecounseling is a new challenge for psychologists. The high public interest in using telecounseling has not been accompanied by empirical data on the challenges psychologists face in providing online counseling services, especially in establishing working alliances as a key competency for building therapeutic relationships. The purpose of this study was to understand counselor competencies in building working alliances in online and offline psychological services. Participants in this cross-sectional study were 93 counselors selected by simple random sampling. The measurements were conducted using the Indonesian version of the Therapist Interpersonal Skill Scale. In general, the counselor’s ability to provide online counseling was lower (79.58%) than when providing offline counseling (96.8%). The differences in counselors’ abilities covered all three aspects of the working alliance measured, namely 1) extra-therapeutic influence, 2) therapy skills, and 3) perception of outcomes. Because this research is cross-sectional, it can only analyze the characteristics of respondents in one-time period, but it does offer empirical data about the differences in counselor ability to build working relationships in online and offline counseling.
Laro Ng Lahi Through the Lens of Junior High School Students: A Phenomenological Inquiry
Authors: Ruin Myra F. , Tamban Victoria E. , Bandoy Marcial M.
Published: December 2024

Junior high school students’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of traditional games are crucial to explore, and their integration into curriculum programs can optimize learning and developmental outcomes.  This study aimed to understand and explore the lived experiences of junior high school students regarding their attitude and engagement toward Laro ng Lahi and its cultural significance. Laro ng Lahi has become unfamiliar or is no longer recognized by today’s generation. The researcher aimed to emphasize the love for traditional games.  Traditional games, such as Luksong baka, jump over the person (baka) or "cow," without touching, Patintero where goal for offensive players without being tagged, Piko which hop from section to section without touching the lines and Tumbang preso, tossing a slipper at a can object of the game. This study used a qualitative transcendental phenomenological approach. We aimed to examine the lived experiences of 20 junior high school students. The findings revealed that the students initially found the traditional games to be fun, exciting, and deeply memorable, often evoking strong emotions and a sense of nostalgia. We also identified challenges such as varying levels of student engagement and the need for more inclusive strategies to effectively integrate Laro ng Lahi into the broader educational framework. Our study strongly advocated for a more nuanced approach to incorporating Laro ng Lahi into the curriculum, stressing the need to overcome barriers and leverage these games as a valuable resource for holistic education.
The Cognitive Gradient Innovation Index (CGII): A Scalable Framework for Measuring and Optimizing Innovation Across Cognitive Levels
Authors: Coupland Stephen John
Published: December 2024

The Cognitive Gradient Innovation Index (CGII) introduces a novel, interdisciplinary framework to measure and optimize innovation potential across a nine-level cognitive gradient. Unlike existing models, CGII integrates neurodiversity, whole-brain functionality, and modern psychological insights to create a comprehensive tool for assessing individual and systemic innovation capacity. By analyzing the contributions of neurotypical and neurodivergent individuals, and incorporating left-right brain dynamics alongside IQ, EQ, and personality traits, CGII addresses societal and organizational imbalances in innovation. It provides actionable pathways to bridge cognitive gaps, ensuring inclusive and sustainable progress. The CGII offers governments, organizations, and researchers a groundbreaking method for unlocking untapped human potential and fostering systemic transformation.
Challenging the Education Bias: Examining and Addressing the Systemic Inequities in Large Language Models
Authors: Beckford Will
Published: December 2024

Large language models (LLMs) have become powerful tools in natural language processing, but they also exhibit notable biases that can have significant societal implications. One such bias is the tendency to favor and promote educational attainment, which can perpetuate inequalities and limit accessibility. This paper examines the bias for education inherent in LLMs and its consequences.The paper first discusses how the bias for education manifests in LLM outputs, such as conveying the notion that individuals with advanced degrees are more reliable or deserving of respect, and providing more favorable responses to queries related to educational opportunities. This bias likely stems from the biases present in the textual data used to train these models.The implications of this bias are then explored, highlighting how it can marginalize individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds with limited access to quality education, and how it can shape decision-making, policy formation, and the dissemination of information in ways that reinforce narrow pathways to success.To address this issue, the paper proposes several strategies, including diversifying training data, incorporating debiasing techniques, promoting transparency and accountability, and developing alternative AI systems that prioritize equity and inclusivity. By acknowledging and mitigating the bias for education, the goal is to work towards more fair and accessible AI systems that serve the needs of all individuals, regardless of their educational backgrounds.
Quantum Entanglement-Based Signature Detection for Ransomware Traces in Encrypted Traffic
Authors: Trit Philip , Vanderpool Felix , McGillicuddy Charles , Fairweather Tobias
Published: December 2024

Encrypted communication channels present significant challenges for identifying malicious activities, demanding innovative approaches that surpass the limitations of traditional methods. Harnessing the unique characteristics of quantum entanglement, a cutting-edge detection framework was designed to analyze complex traffic patterns and identify ransomware behaviors within encrypted environments. Through the use of hybrid architectures combining quantum and classical computational systems, the framework demonstrated substantial accuracy in detecting both established and emerging ransomware variants. Advanced quantum algorithms, including Fourier-based transformations, were utilized to expose deeply embedded behavioral signatures, enabling the system to maintain effectiveness even under conditions of high traffic volume and noise interference. The scalability of the system was validated across diverse network scenarios, revealing its ability to process high-dimensional data with minimal resource overhead. Detection metrics showcased consistent reliability, with false positive rates reduced to negligible levels, underscoring the precision of the entanglement-based methodology. Energy efficiency analyses further highlighted the practicality of implementing quantum technologies in active threat detection systems. Comparative experiments revealed significant advantages over conventional and machine learning approaches, particularly in encrypted traffic where feature obfuscation is prevalent. By focusing on computational precision and operational resilience, the study establishes a new paradigm for integrating quantum computing into the detection of sophisticated cyber threats. These findings highlight the transformative potential of quantum mechanics in shaping the future of cybersecurity solutions.
Comment on “Protection from COVID-19 vaccination and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection among children aged 6 months - 4 years...”
Authors: Mueller Siguna
Published: December 2024

In the United States, mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were first authorized in June 2022 for childrenaged 6 months - 4 years with the aim to prevent severe outcomes from COVID-19. However, dataon the actual safety and efficacy to prevent infection or severe disease, also in the context of priorexposure to the virus and the emergence of new viral variants, are scarce. To address this extremelyurgent issue, Feldstein et al. [4] recently published merged data from 3 prospective cohort studies inchildren <5 years of age. The information provides valuable insights into the real-world performanceof the injections in this age group. In contrast to the author’s highlights of their potential to reducesevere disease, here, an independent analysis that examines the totality of data, identifies importantinsights missed before. The critique done here is exclusively based on the information provided in [4]and identifies the radically opposing narrative given by Feldstein et al., in sharp contradiction to theirown findings. This investigation concludes with potential underlying mechanisms to explain some ofthe underappreciated data by Feldstein and collaborators.
Spanish – Issues in Applied Phonology, Phonetics, and Pronunciation
Authors: Zárate-Sández Germán
Published: December 2024

This entry introduces the reader to critical issues and themes in Spanish applied phonology, phonetics, and pronunciation. The article begins with a description of the sounds and main suprasegmental features of Spanish. Given the spread and influence of Spanish all over the world, the article also provides an overview of differences between dialects of Spanish, focusing on those that carry strong social values for both native and second language speakers. The final sections summarize the areas of Spanish pronunciation that prove challenging for second language learners and present an overview of recent research in this area, including findings from different contexts where pronunciation can be learned (classroom, study abroad, and technology-mediated environments).
Reproductive desires of nonparent women - epidemiological stress, socio-economic status and abortion politics in Poland
Authors: marcinkowska Urszula M , Kasparek Krzysztof , Zabdyr-Jamróz Michał , kozłowska marta , Nenko Ilona
Published: December 2024

Deterioration of economic conditions, societal uncertainty, and negative expectations about the future have all been linked to delayed childbearing plans. All these negative circumstances can be related to the epidemiological stress, which in turn becomes one of the culprits for changes in fertility plans. This study aims to analyse what individual factors decrease the probability of wanting to have children after the exposure to epidemiological stress in the form of COVID-19 pandemic. We have found that: 1) for 43.3% of repondents the desire to have children decreased; 2) more epidemiologically stressed women more frequently declared decrease in desired number of children than the less stressed ones. Due to the political circumstances in Poland incidentally co-occurring with pandemic (limiting of reproductive rights by introducing abortion restrictions) we have additionally asked how the political situation influenced reproductive desires in the same period as pandemic restriction. Our results show that the political situation was related with the declared decrease in the willingness to have children for 70% of the respondents. Additional qualitative analyses were conducted based on open-ended questions to explore the trend. The situation in Poland during COVID-19 restrictions provided a unique combination of political and epidemiological stressors, affecting women and their reproductive desires
Assessment of Syngas Kinetic Models for the Prediction of a Turbulent Nonpremixed Flame
Authors: Marzouk Osama , Huckaby E. David
Published: December 2024

We consider eight kinetic models for syngas (CO-H2) oxidation, which have been proposed or used for different applications, such as laminar counter-flow flames and hypersonic engines. The models range in size from 2 global steps to 38 elementary steps. We assess the models performance in predicting a simple turbulent jet flame (Sandia/ETH-Zurich flame A). The fuel consists of CO, H2, and N2 with 40%, 30%, and 30% by volume, respectively. We simulate the turbulent flame using the finite volume method and compare the Favre-averaged profiles of temperature and mass fractions of the stable species with the experimental data. These comparisons characterize the applicability of the kinetic models to turbulent flames. Turbulence is modeled using the k-epsilon model with McGuirk-Rodi modification for round jets. Turbulence-chemistry interaction is modeled using the partially stirred reactor (PaSR) approach. The kinetic models vary largely in their computational cost. Five of the models overpredicted the maximum flame temperature (by 200K-320K). The 2-step (Slavinskaya et al., 2005) and 9-step (Edelman-Fortune, 1969) models underpredicted the maximum temperature by 240K and 580K, respectively. Predictions using the 3-step model of Cuoci et al. (2009), which is based on the Westbrook-Dryer (1981) model for hydrocarbon fuels, gave less than 10K difference. This model also has the lowest computational cost.
A Protocol for International Mental Health Guidelines for Esports
Authors: Poulus Dylan R , Sharpe Benjamin T
Published: December 2024

Despite esports' rapid growth as a competitive platform, the industry lacks comprehensive mental health support systems for players, coaches, and stakeholders who face unique challenges including emotional distress, online toxicity, and inadequate support structures. This study aims to develop evidence-based international mental health guidelines for the esports ecosystem using a Community-Based Participatory Research framework. The research employs a six-phase methodology: (1) stakeholder focus groups to determine preferences for guideline content and scope, (2) an e-Delphi study with international experts to gather recommendations, (3) an Expert Guideline Development Committee meeting to draft initial guidelines, (4) follow-up focus groups to assess guideline acceptability and usability, (5) a second e-Delphi study for expert feedback on revised guidelines, and (6) implementation case studies across various esports organizations. By 2026, these guidelines aim to establish a globally applicable framework that addresses the urgent need for mental health support in esports, while ensuring practical implementation across diverse organizational contexts.
Ideological beliefs as cues to exploitation-exploration behavior
Authors: Koch Alex , Dotsch Ron , Imhoff Roland , Unkelbach Christian , Alves Hans
Published: December 2024

We argue that one reason why people consider others’ ideological beliefs (i.e., progressive vs. conservative) is that people profit by predicting others’ exploration behavior from their beliefs. Eight experiments confirmed that people more readily invested in progressives when switching to novel options (i.e., exploration) was more profitable than staying with valuable resources (i.e., exploitation). In contrast, people more readily invested in conservatives when exploitation was more profitable than exploration. Thus, considering others’ beliefs may be one means to navigate ecologies with different reward structures, a task that has remained relevant throughout human history and across cultures.