bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data classification based on the hybrid intellectual technology
Authors: Demidova Liliya , Egin Maksim
Published: April 2018

In this paper the data classification technique, implying the consistent application of the SVM and Parzen classifiers, has been suggested. The Parser classifier applies to data which can be both correctly and erroneously classified using the SVM classifier, and are located in the experimentally defined subareas near the hyperplane which separates the classes. A herewith, the SVM classifier is used with the default parameters values, and the optimal parameters values of the Parser classifier are determined using the genetic algorithm. The experimental results confirming the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid intellectual data classification technology have been presented.
SVM prediction of the attestation success on the base of the poll results
Authors: Demidova Liliya , Egin Maksim , Sokolova Yulia
Published: April 2018

The problem of the data analysis in the educational sphere in the context of prediction of the passing's success of the final state attestation by the graduates of the secondary school has been considered. Such data can be imbalanced substantially. To solve this problem it is offered to use the SVM classifiers on the base of the modified PSO algorithm, which allows choosing the kernel function type, the values of the kernel function parameters and the value of the regularization parameter simultaneously. In advance, the different rebalancing strategies, based on the basic SMOTE algorithm, can be applied for rebalance the classes in the experimental datasets. The prediction results with the use of the SVM classifiers on the base of the modified PSO algorithm and the different rebalancing strategies have been presented and compared with the prediction results received on the base of the most known software packages, such as Statistica StatSoft and IBM SPSS Modeler.
Development of a Common Format of Questionnaire Tests for a Web-based Platform of Population and Experimental Psychological Research
Authors: Nikulchev Evgeny , Ilin Dmitry , Kolyasnikov Pavel , Ismatullina Victoria , Zakharov Ilya
Published: April 2018

A web platform for psychological research needs a single format of questionnaire tests to ensure interaction between its components. The study proposes a general test structure, variant questions, variations in response types, and an embedded domain-specific language for computations. The use of JSON is proposed and justified to store the hierarchical structure of the questionnaire test, and JSON Schema is defined as a technology suitable for the formation of the standard. From the considered validation instruments for compliance with the standard described in JSON Schema, ajv was defined as the most applicable to the task. To build the documentation, Doca is relevant, but this tool needs to be modified to meet the requirements of the task.
Population status of the native Cottus gobio after removal of the alien Salmo trutta: a case-study in two Mediterranean streams (Italy)
Authors: Lorenzoni Massimo , Carosi Antonella , Giovannotti Massimo , Porta Gianandrea La , Splendiani Andrea , Barucchi Vincenzo Caputo
Published: April 2018

In the Mediterranean area, one of the major threats to freshwater fish fauna is represented by the introduction of alien species. The bullhead, Cottus gobio, is a species of great conservation interest threatened by the massive introduction of hatchery-reared brown trout, Salmo trutta, for angling purposes. The aims of this research were: i) to present a case-study of interspecific and intraspecific competition in dwelling fish from two Mediterranean streams (central Italy); ii) to evaluate the bullhead population status before and after the alien brown trout removal, and iii) to investigate the influence of the environmental parameters on the abundance of both species. For the bullhead populations the abundances and the young-of-the-year percentage significantly increased after the removal activities. The growth analysis showed that, after the trout removal, bullhead were distinguished by greater performance and larger sizes in all age classes in comparison to the pre-removal period, while the condition factor (Kn) showed no differences, suggesting that the effects of trout population control acted mainly through predator-prey dynamics. An inverse correlation between the abundance of bullhead and its body condition suggested that the beneficial effects due to the reduction of predation could be compensated by the intraspecific competition due to the increase of the bullhead population density.
Application of Copper Cladding Aluminum Composites in UHV Portable Earthing and Short-circuiting Wires
Authors: Zhu Jianjun , Yu Guangkai , Liu Ting , Liu Kai , Lei Xinglie , Su Ziming , Zhu Linyue
Published: April 2018

Aiming at the heavy weight and inconvenience when carrying and installing copper earthing wires on the UHV transmission lines, in this paper, we present the use of copper clad aluminum(CCA) composite materials as a lightweight method for UHV earthing wire conductor. Theoretical calculations and tests of the fusing current in a short time for copper and CCA material are conducted. The results show that the theoretical value of the earthing wire conductor's fusing current corresponds with the test value on condition of the conductor cross section greater than 4mm2 as well as fusing time less than 1.5s. The CCA-10 earthing wires get 36.2% weight reduction compared with copper wires.
Full Wave Simulation and Design of Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Filters
Authors: Bo Du , Jian Lin , Li Ou , Yu Shi , Jin-yi MA
Published: April 2018

In order to simulate the frequency response of thin film bulk acoustic wave filter accurately, the MBVD model of film bulk acoustic wave filter chip and three dimension electro-magnetic model of package were respectively established. And then, the collaborative simulation of acoustic and electro-magnetic components was realized in ADS software. Finally, thin film bulk acoustic wave filter with working frequency of 2.825GHz and 5.6 GHz were designed and fabricated by this method. Insertion loss of 2.825GHz FBAR filter is less than 1.5dB, and rejection is more than 40dB. Insertion loss of 5.6GHz FBAR filter is less than 1.7dB, and rejection is more than 30dB. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method has good design precision and can simulate the influence of package on the performance of the filter accurately.
Magnetic field computation and simulation of the coil systems using Comsol software
Authors: Zatonov Ivan , Baranov Pavel , Kolomeycev Andrey
Published: April 2018

The article considers the calibration system computation with the inhomogeneity of magnetic field less than 0.1 %. Method of calculation is described. The numerical simulation using finite-element analyze was made for such system as: Helmholtz coils, improved Helmholtz coils, four and six coils system. Authors made the calculation of the magnetic field homogeneity toward axial direction. Based on procure results, authors analyzed magnetic field homogeneity and compared different types of coil systems.
A Single-Phase Grounding Fault Judgment Method Based on Mutation Current Logic Matrix
Authors: Xiaobin Wu , Shihua Xu , Hui Zhao , Wei Zhang
Published: April 2018

In order to solve the problem of single-phase grounding fault judgment in non-solid-earthed distribution network, the power flow in non-solid-earthed distribution is analyzed. A single-phase grounding fault judgment method based on mutation current logic matrix is proposed. The minimum fault judgment area model is constructed by the parent and child nodes. The feeder mutation current matrix is generated by the feeder real-time current matrix and the feeder history current matrix. The feeder mutation current matrix is transformed into the feeder mutation current logic matrix by the capacitance current threshold, and the non-zero elements of the feeder mutation current logic matrix are extracted into the mutation current logic sequence list. Then the single-phase grounding fault can be determined in the minimum fault judgment area of the last element of the mutation current logic sequence list as the parent node. The detailed calculation formulas are given. This method is also applicable to the non-solid-earthed distribution network containing distributed generation. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper has a good adaptability to the permanent grounding fault and it is worth popularizing.
Study of Non-contact Voltage Detector of 1000kV UHV AC Based on MEMS Electric Field Sensor
Authors: Zhu Jianjun , Lei Xinglie , Su Ziming , Liu Ting , Liu Kai , Yu Guangkai , Zhu Linyue
Published: April 2018

This paper expounds the working principle of non-contact voltage detector and the electric field sensor which made by the technology of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), determined the requirements of the detecting area and the threshold of the detector through simulation, and correct the threshold by carrying out experiments, which shows that by setting the threshold of the detector at 25kV/m, when the detector is 10-15m away from the conductors, or 2m away from the tower toward the conductor at the tower body whereas the same high as the conductor or on the crossarm, the detector can effectively identify whether the conductor is power on or off. The MEMS no-contact voltage detector and the method put forward by this paper can solve the problem of voltage detecting on UHV transmission lines, which has wide popularization and application value.
Linear Motor Motion Control Experiment System Design Based on LabVIEW
Authors: Cuixian He , Jianqi Li , Feng Yang , MingHao Li
Published: April 2018

In order to meet the needs of experimental training of electrical information industry, a linear motor motion experiment system based on LabVIEW was developed. This system is based on the STM32F103ZET6 system processor controller, a state signal when the motor moves through the grating encoder feedback controller to form a closed loop, through the RS232 serial port communication with the host computer, the host computer is designed in the LabVIEW interactive environment monitoring software. Combined with the modular design concept proposed overall program, given the detailed hardware circuit, targeted for the software function design, to achieve man-machine interface. The system control of high accuracy, good stability, meet the training requirements for laboratory equipment, but also as a reference embodiment of the linear motor monitoring system.
Design of Ultra-low-end Controllers for Efficient Stepper Motor Control
Authors: Raji Mordecai , Shokanbi Akeem , Monday Happy
Published: April 2018

This paper lays emphasis on thedevelopment of low cost controllers for stepper motors in contrast to its resource limitations such as memory size, few I/O pins and computing power compared to High-end designs. The microchip AVR ATtiny45 microcontroller was employed alongside a redesigned (reduced-input pin count) pulse distribution circuit for two H-Bridge drivers. The motor can rotate in both directions as well as possible speed control. The concept of the motor control signals was modeled in Matlab/Simulink, firmware was written in Atmel AVRStudio development environment, while theoverall design was carried out in Proteus software followed by Hardware implementation. Total material cost is about $5 which would be less in commercial production cases.
Research on lightning stroke model and characteristics of electronic transformer
Authors: Li Mu , Li Lian Lian , Fang Shu Bo , Wang Jing Jing
Published: April 2018

In order to improve the reliability of power supply, a large number of electronic voltage and current transformers are used in digital substations. In this paper, the mathematical model of the electronic transformer is analyzed firstly, and its circuit model is given. According to the difference of working characteristics between voltage transformer and current transformer, the circuit model of voltage type electronic transformer and current type electronic transformer is given respectively. By analyzing their broadband transmission characteristics, the accuracy of the model is verified, and their lightning analysis models are obtained.
Preparation and Characterization of Nicke-iron Alloy Film as Freestanding Electrode for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yao Mengqi , Chen Weilin , Hu Wencheng
Published: April 2018

This work reports the porous nicke-iron alloy film supported on stainless steel mesh as freestanding electrode for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst prepared from an one step electrodeposition method. Results indicated that the porous nickle-iron alloy film exhibits a low overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm-2and excellent electroconductibility. The superior OER properties can be attributed to its novel synthetic process, conductive substrate and porous structure. This work will provide a new strategy to fabricate alloy film for OER electrocatalyst.
Research on Frequency Control of Grid Connected Sodium-Sulfur Battery
Authors: Zhang Fenglin , Chen Luan , Chang Haotian , Chen Jianxin , Deng Zhibin , Yang Yuncong
Published: April 2018

Sodium sulfur battery is the only energy storage battery with large capacity and high energy density. It has a great application prospect in the peak load shifting of power grid, due to the lack of domestic research on it, it is urgent to evaluate the effect of grid-connection of sodium sulfur battery scientifically. According to the experimental data of the sodium sulfur battery project, the battery model is built. Compared with the real discharge curve, the error of the model simulation curve is small, so the battery model is effective. The AC / DC power grid model is built, and the rectifier and inverter control circuits are designed to simulate the scenario that the wind turbine and the battery are supplied to the passive load. The simulation results show that the grid-connected model of the sodium sulfur battery under the two control strategies can stabilize the larger frequency fluctuation.
Design of Auxiliary Decision-Making System for Power Grid Fault Disposal
Authors: Chen Hao , Jiang Xinfan , Hu Dijun , Wang Tao , Zhou Fan
Published: April 2018

Accident treatment is the most important part in the daily monitoring, and the improvement of the intelligent level is of great significance to improve the efficiency of scheduling accident and shorten the time of the accident. This paper puts forward a set of intelligent power grid accident treatment decision system, introduces the background of the system, the composition module and the realization of functions, to facilitate the operation of the operator to automatically identify the grid failure, isolation and recovery, reduce the pressure of staff, guarantee the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
A New Security Warning Model about Power Grid
Authors: Bi HuiJing , Zhang HongYan , Jiang YueMei , Zhao XiLan
Published: April 2018

In recent years, lots of power grid blackouts at home and abroad indicates that the meteorological disasters caused by external meteorological conditions has gradually rose to major contradiction of power grid security. Basing on release information of meteorology, lightning monitoring information and power transmission equipment monitoring information, it established a weather warning model about power grid security, combined with real-time security analysis. Firstly, mathematical models of various types of weather conditions and weather risk assessment model grid were built, then actual operating conditions of a certain regional power grid and model results were compared, the comparison result prove the accuracy of the warning model, and provides a strong recommendation for decision-making.
Adaptive Terminal Sliding-Mode Control for Servo Systems with Inertia Variations
Authors: Wang Xiang , Wu Yifei , Yan Fei , Gao Yang , Xu Zhen
Published: April 2018

Inertia variations in servo systems greatly affect the control performance. This paper presents an adaptive terminal sliding-mode controller to deal with the problem. Instead of using traditional mathematics model, a characteristic model, which has more advantages in describing time-varying dynamics, is adopted to describe the servo system with inertia variations. The parameters of characteristic model are identified by the recursive least squares algorithm. Then, an adaptive terminal sliding-mode controller is designed based on the characteristic model. Theoretical analysis proves that the quasi-sliding mode is reached in finite steps. Simulation results demonstrate the improvement of tracking performance of the proposed controller.
Research on Ship Trajectory Tracking with High Precision Based on LOS
Authors: Hengzhi Liu , Tao Geng , Wei Zhang
Published: April 2018

Aiming at how precise to track by LOS, a method is proposed. The method combines the advantages of LOS simplicity and intuition, easy parameter setting and good convergence, with the features of GPC softening, multi-step prediction, rolling optimization and excellent controllability and robustness. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, the method is simulated by Matlab. The simulation’s results show that it makes ship tracking highly precise.
Fault-Tolerant Path Planning of the Space Manipulator with Single Joint Failure Based on the Dexterity Space
Authors: Tan Jia-Yi , Chen Gang , Wang Yu-Qi
Published: April 2018

To enable the space manipulator to complete the original task efficiently after any single joint fails, a fault-tolerant path planning method for the manipulator with single joint failure is proposed based on dexterity space in this paper. On the base of solving the degraded workspace, the dexterity space of the manipulator with single joint failure is established by constructing the dexterity index, and then the traditional A* algorithm is improved to complete fault-tolerant path planning in the dexterity space. The correctness and validity of fault-tolerant path planning based on improved A* algorithm are verified by simulating experiments with 7R manipulator.
Adaptive GridMap Building Algorithm for Mobile Robot Based on Multiway Tree
Authors: Zhou Jing , Ruan Xiaogang , Dong Pengfei , Zhang Jingjing
Published: April 2018

In order to solve the problem that uniform grid map occupies large storage space in the process of large-scale map creation, a new adaptive grid map building algorithm based on multiway tree is proposed. The environment map is divided into nine grids. The algorithm determines whether the grid is completely occupied, partially occupied or vacant. Then the part occupied gridsare further subdivided into smaller grids. The algorithm continues to determine whether the smaller grid is completely occupied, partially occupied or vacant.Repeat the above segmentation process until the entire map search is completed and the accuracy requirements are met. Finally, the scale of grid map does not depend on human experience but presenting adaptive characteristics. The algorithm is compared with the uniform grid method.The simulation results show that the algorithm has convergence.Andcompared with the uniform scale raster map, itgreatly saves the storage space.
Detecting the Trajectory of Moving Object for Single-Pixel Imaging System
Authors: Hui Shao , Dongsheng Wu , Jie Chen , Zhao Li , Xiaoxue Xu , Fangbing Zhai
Published: April 2018

In order to get the trajectory of moving object using single-pixel imaging system, an algorithm is proposed. The same pseudorandom masks are employed to illuminate the different time scene. A time weighted sum of the background correction signals is employed to get the trajectory information using compressed sensing (CS) method. In ideal situation, we can obtain other parameters (e.g., speed, orientation) besides the trajectory. However, the reflective intensity of the object can be change due to the reflective angle change caused by the motion in some situations. This will mislead for achieving the speed, orientation parameters. In order to eliminate this effect, a division method is utilized. At last, the computer simulation results prove the effect validity of the proposed algorithm.
Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction of Highway Network Based on Network-Constrained Lasso and NN
Authors: Wu Cong , Chen Zhaozheng , Li Xiaofei
Published: April 2018

Accurate and timely traffic flow prediction is important for the successful deployment of intelligent transportation systems. Most of existing methods have not made good use of information from adjacent sections to analyse the trends of the object section. A new method for traffic flow prediction of highway network, namely network-constrained Lasso (Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and Neural Networks, was proposed. Unlike existing methods, our approach incorporated all the spatial and temporal information available in a highway network to carry our short-term traffic flow prediction for the objective section. To capture the spatial correlation of traffic network, the Laplacian matrix was introduced to describe the highway network structure. Subsequently, a network-constrained Lasso method was applied for sparse variable selection. With the extracted historic and real-time data, the back propagation neural networks were implemented to predict traffic flow at different time intervals in future. The experimental results verified that the proposed method could achieve above 90% average accuracy in the 30-minutes speed predictions for 78 road sections.
A Novel Information Fusion Method for Redundant Rotational Inertial Navigation Systems Based on Reduced-Order Kalman Filter
Authors: Wang Lin , Wu Wenqi , Wei Guo , Li Jinlong , Yu Ruihang
Published: April 2018

The redundant rotational inertial navigation systems can satisfy not only the high-accuracy but also the high-reliability demands of underwater vehicle on navigation system. However, different systems are usually independent, and lack of information fusion. A reduced-order Kalman filter is designed to fuse the navigation information output of redundant rotational navigation systems which usually include a dual-axis rotational inertial navigation system being master system and a single-axis rotational inertial navigation system being hot-backup system. The azimuth gyro drift of single-axis rotational inertial navigation system can be estimated by the designed filter, whereby the position error caused by that can be compensated with the aid of designed position error prediction model. As a result, the improved performance of single-axis rotational inertial navigation system can guarantee the position accuracy in the case of dual-axis system failure. Semi-physical simulation and experiment verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Error analysis in gravity aided navigation
Authors: Hongwei Wei , Meiping Wu , Junbo Tie , Shenquan Wang
Published: April 2018

For underwater vehicles, because GPS signals are not always available, it is necessary to use inertial navigation system (INS) for navigation. In order to improve the navigation performance, the gravity value calculated by the gravity field model is introduced into the navigation system to reduce the influence of gravity on the navigation accuracy. However, due to the difference between the actual gravity field and the gravity field model, the navigation error caused by gravity field still exists. In this paper, this error is studied based on the theoretical analysis and simulation. The results show that the accuracy of gravity-aided navigation will decrease sharply when the position error of the underwater vehicles reach 9.6 n miles, because at this moment, the calculation error of vertical deflection is the largest. In the simulation experiment, the position error of the gravity-aided navigation system reach 9.6 n miles in 44 hours. Therefore, for the underwater vehicles navigation system, it is recommended that the vehicles should be corrected once every 44 hours.
Classification of Motor Imagery EEG Based on Sparsification and Non-negative Matrix Factorization
Authors: Su Jing , Yang Zuyuan , Wang Haiping , Han Wei
Published: April 2018

The analysis of EEG is a hot topic in the area of biomedical signal processing. In this paper, the EEG signals with Mu (Μ) rhythm and Beta (Β) rhythm are used to solve the motor imagery problem, i.e., the imagery of the left hand and the right hand. The collected raw data is first filtered by FIR band-pass filter, followed by using the maximization of feature difference to increase the sparsity of the matrix. Then, to reduce the redundant information of these features, a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method is employed. Due to the usage of the NMF scheme, the obtained factorizations has been better class property. Simulations show that our method achieves higher classification accuracy (more than 91%) than existing results (about 86%).
Maintaining temporal validity of real-time data on non-continuously executing resources
Authors: Bai Tian , Lu Hong , Yang Juan
Published: April 2018

This paper studies the problem of temporal validity maintenance on non-continuously-executing resources. Response time bounds for sensor transaction scheduling are derived in the context of the hybrid extended multiprocessor periodic resource model. Then two deadline and period assignment schemes are proposed to maintain the temporal validity of real-time data. The calculation based scheme (DPA-C) uses the response time bounds to compute deadlines and periods. The check based scheme (DPA-A) assigns deadlines and periods directly. It then checks the feasibility of the assignment based on the response time bounds. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes. The results show that DPA-C performs better than DPA-A in terms of the scheduling success ratio and the imposed update workload.
Preparation and Evaluation of Midazolam Rectal Gel in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Xiaojia , Li Wanqin , Li Ying , Guo Fei , Zhang Hui , Gao Jing , Sun Jianxu , Zheng Aiping
Published: April 2018

Midazolam has been successfully used for sedation, which the tablets, injections and oral solutions were available in market. However, the oral bioavailability of midazolam is less due to the first effect, while injection formulation has a low patient compliance. The purpose of this study was to obtain midazolam rectal gel to meet the production and market requirements. We evaluated the in vitro release behavior of midazolam powder, a physical mixture of midazolam and HPMC, and midazolam gel. The results showed that the midazolam gel has superior release degree compared to the other. Correspondingly, midazolam gel produced relevant plasma concentrations result in the rats. At the same dose (1 mg/kg), the Cmax and AUC (0-t) of midazolam after administration of the midazolam rectal gel were 8-10 times higher than that of the oral solution. The midazolam rectal gel was evaluated for physico-chemical tests including pH, viscosity, drug content at 40°C /75%RH (relative humidity) for 180 days (6 months). It provides information about the shelf lives of medicine, as well as the conditions for their storage. Rectum irritation test demonstrated that frequent application of midazolam rectal gel did not induce rectal mucosal damage. In conclusion, midazolam rectal gel was a potential new dosage form, which could alleviate the feeling of alien, discomfort and refusal during application of the patients. It was likely to be a more convenient and effective sedative medicine form specifically for infants and children.
Motivierende Kurzinterventionen nach Krankenhausaufenthalt bei Alkoholintoxikation bei Jugendlichen – Effektive Option sekundärer Prävention?
Authors: Klein Marcus , Hammerich Sünje , Eggert Paul , Ankermann Tobias
Published: April 2018

In einer prospektiven, randomisierten, einfach blinden Studie wurden 48 Jugendliche zwischen 13 und 17 Jahren am Morgen nach stationärer Aufnahme mit Alkoholintoxikation mithilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens zum bisherigen Trinkverhalten befragt. Während bei einem Teil der Jugendlichen eine psychologische Intervention (HaLT-Präventionsprojekt) erfolgte (A: n=28), wurde bei dem anderen Teil der Studienteilnehmer auf das Gespräch verzichtet (B: n=20). 6 und 12 Wochen nach dem stationären Aufenthalt wurden die Jugendlichen telefonisch zum aktuellen Trinkverhalten befragt. Insgesamt tranken 58% (n=28) der Studienteilnehmer im Untersuchungszeitraum weniger und/ oder seltener Alkohol als vor der Alkoholintoxikation. 17% (n=8) verzichteten während der 12 Wochen komplett auf den Konsum alkoholischer Getränke. 54% (n=26) der Jugendlichen behaupteten, nicht wieder betrunken gewesen zu sein. 38% (n=18) haben ihr Trinkverhalten nicht verändert und 6% (n=3) tranken mehr und/oder häufiger als zuvor Alkohol. Es gab keinen statistisch signifikanten Unterschied in der Entwicklung des Trinkverhaltens zwischen den beiden Gruppen: 58% (A) bzw. 65% (B) der Jugendlichen mit bzw. ohne Gespräch tranken nach dem Ereignis weniger und/ oder seltener (χ²=0,6269, p=0,4285). Ein Einfluss der Gespräche im Rahmen des HaLT-Präventionsprojektes bei stationär aufgenommenen Jugendlichen nach Alkoholintoxikation konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Weitere Untersuchungen müssen Interventionen bei Eltern und peers mit einbeziehen.
New and Emerging Treatments for Lymphedema
Authors: Aldrich Melissa , Schaverien Mark
Published: April 2018

Although nonoperative and operative treatments for lymphedema (LE) are well established, these procedures typically provide only partial relief from limb swelling, functional impairment, and the risk of cellulitis. The lack of a cure for LE, however, is due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and current research efforts are focusing on elucidating these processes to provide new, targeted therapies for this prevalent disease for which there is no cure. This article reviews the current literature regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie LE, as well as new and emerging therapies for the condition.
Manipulation of the Periorbital Musculature
Authors: Langsdon Phillip , Karter Nicholas
Published: April 2018

The resting and expressive states of the periorbital region contribute to perceived age, emotion, gender, race, and countenance. A thorough understanding of the periorbital musculature is essential for comprehensive facial rejuvenation. Surgical and nonsurgical manipulation of these muscles can lead to alterations in brow elevation, resting brow position, and dynamic periorbital rhytids. Both surgical and nonsurgical techniques can produce desired effects, and they are often used concomitantly to obtain optimal results.
Scalp Advancement and the Pretrichial Brow Lift
Authors: Spiegel Jeffrey
Published: April 2018

This article will review considerations for scalp advancement, or forehead shortening, when done in combination with a brow lift. The author's technique for anterior hairline reshaping is presented with particular focus on simultaneous reduction of temporal recession.
Rejuvenation of the Upper Face and Brow: Neuromodulators and Fillers
Authors: Lighthall Jessyka
Published: April 2018

Facial aging involves a combination of volume loss and descent, loss of skin elasticity, dynamic lines due to facial mimetic muscle action, and development of static rhytids. Although surgery remains an option for treatment, minimally invasive aesthetic procedures continue to gain popularity with the use of neuromodulators and soft tissue fillers being the most sought-after procedures. Although these may be used in isolation to treat specific concerns, they are often combined to address multiple facets of aging. Multiple different neuromodulators and fillers are commercially available. Although relatively effective and safe, a thorough understanding of their indications, compositions, and potential adverse effects is paramount. This article will review the available aesthetic products for minimally invasive periorbital rejuvenation with botulinum toxin and injectable fillers. Although it will not focus on other therapies aimed at facial rejuvenation, such as resurfacing techniques or surgical interventions, it is important to note that an individualized treatment plan may combine multiple therapies to optimize patient outcomes and satisfaction.
Surgical Anatomy of the Upper Face and Forehead
Authors: Garritano Frank , Quatela Vito
Published: April 2018

Aesthetic ideals regarding proportion and balance of the face have existed for centuries. The upper third of the face, including the brow, forehead, and temple, provides an important contribution to the overall facial aesthetic. This is especially true given how the brow frames the eyes, and the eyes serve as the key focal point in our interactions with others. There exists a variety of surgical and nonsurgical procedures aimed at improving the aesthetic of the upper portion of the face, and a thorough knowledge of the surgical anatomy of the upper face and forehead is critical to their successful execution.
Neurocysticercosis in Pregnancy
Authors: Webb Camille , Rosa Mauricio , Olson Gayle , Cabada Miguel
Published: April 2018

The normal physiologic changes during pregnancy contribute to nutritional, metabolic, and immunologic adjustments, which can have an impact on the presentation of several diseases. New onset seizures during pregnancy and the postpartum can be attributed to several etiologies. Patient demographic data as well as personal and social histories are key in determining the etiology of new onset seizures. Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a commonly overlooked etiology, must be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with new onset seizures coming from NCC endemic areas. The diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical findings, exposure history, imaging, and serology. We present two cases of patients with NCC that became symptomatic during pregnancy or postpartum period. We will review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management of NCC in pregnancy.
S2-Leitlinie: der kindliche Knick-Senk-Fuß
Authors: Hell Anna , Döderlein Leo , Eberhardt Oliver , Hösl Matthias , von Kalle Thekla , Mecher Frauke , Simon Angela , Stinus Hartmut , Wilken Bernd , Wirth Thomas
Published: April 2018

Der kindliche Knick-Senk-Fuß ist eine 3-dimensionale Fußfehlstellung mit vermehrter Valgusstellung der Ferse, Abflachung der medialen Längswölbung und Abduktion des Vorfußes. Man unterscheidet die flexible von der kontrakten (rigiden) Form. Die Diagnostik gliedert sich in Anamnese, klinische Untersuchung, apparative Diagnostik wie Pedobarografie und die Ganganalyse sowie bildgebende Verfahren. Wichtig ist die Einbeziehung in ein Therapieschema von eventuell vorliegenden pädiatrischen oder neuropädiatrischen Erkrankungen (z. B. Muskeldystrophien, Ehlers-Danlos- oder Marfan-Syndrom u. Ä.). Es zeigt sich, dass bei Kindern ≤ 6 Jahre der flexible Knick-Senk-Fuß fast ausschließlich physiologisch vorkommt (bei 97% aller 19 Monate alten Kinder). Bis zum Alter von 10 Jahren bildet sich die mediale Fußlängswölbung zunehmend aus. Bei einem kleinen Anteil (10-jährige Kinder 4%) persistiert der Knick-Senk-Fuß oder wird progredient. Oberhalb von 10 Jahren besteht die Gefahr der Dekompensation mit zunehmender Rigidität. Nur die Minderheit der Kinder entwickelt eine Schmerzsymptomatik (< 2%). Ein Risikofaktor zur Persistenz des Knick-Senk-Fußes stellt das Übergewicht im Kindesalter dar (62% der 6-Jährigen mit Knick-Senk-Fuß sind übergewichtig). Pathogenetische Faktoren können muskulär, knöchern und bindegewebig sind, wobei hier der Einfluss der unterschiedlichen Faktoren kontrovers diskutiert wird. Die Hauptprävention besteht in einer umfassenden Aufklärung über eine normale kindliche motorische Entwicklung. Daraus resultiert die Eigenförderung der physiologischen Entwicklung durch tägliche Bewegung, das Anstreben eines normalen Gewichtes, das Tragen von weichen Schuhen mit ausreichender Länge und Weite zum Schutz und das Barfußlaufen auf wechselnden Untergründen. Im Falle einer nötigen Intervention kann Physiotherapie inklusive manueller Techniken nötig werden. Eine Einlagen- oder Orthesenversorgung sollte bevorzugt mit einer sensomotorischen Bettung erfolgen. Operative Eingriffe sind selten. Im Falle einer geplanten operativen Intervention muss ein differenziertes Indikationsschema angewandt werden. Verschiedenste operative knöcherne und weichteilige Methoden stehen zur Verfügung.
Unerwünschte Effekte von Psychotherapie bei depressiven Patienten – Erste Anwendung der Positive and Negative Effects of Psychotherapy Scale (PANEPS)
Authors: Peth Judith , Jelinek Lena , Nestoriuc Yvonne , Moritz Steffen
Published: April 2018

Hintergrund Die Positive and Negative Effects of Psychotherapy Scale (PANEPS), ein Selbstauskunftsfragebogen für Patienten zur Erfassung von positiven Effekten (PE) und unerwünschten Ereignissen (UE) während der letzten Psychotherapie (PT), wurde erstmalig bei einer Patientenstichprobe mit Depression eingesetzt. Der Fragebogen wurde auf seine Anwendbarkeit hin überprüft und lieferte erste empirische Ergebnisse zu PE und UE einer PT bei dieser Patientengruppe.

Methode Im Rahmen einer Onlinebefragung füllten 135 Personen mit einer aktuellen oder früheren depressiven Störung die 43 Items der PANEPS aus, welche UE in Nebenwirkungen (NW), Kunstfehler (KF) und unethisches Fehlverhalten (UF) unterteilt. Zusätzlich wurden soziodemografische Angaben (Alter, Geschlecht, Beziehungsstatus) sowie Details zu psychotherapeutischer Vorerfahrung und der zuletzt wahrgenommenen PT erfasst. Die PANEPS wurde mittels Hauptkomponentenanalyse mit Varimax-Rotation geprüft und überarbeitet.

Ergebnisse Eine 4-Faktoren-Lösung wurde ermittelt, welche die zuvor definierten Skalen (PE, NW, KF, UF) abbildet und eine weitere Reduktion der PANEPS ermöglicht. Die finale Version der PANEPS, wies eine zufriedenstellende bis exzellente interne Konsistenz auf (Cronbach’s α=0,72–0,92). Von den Befragten gaben 95,6% mind. einen PE (Range=0–5, MW=3,3, SD=1,4) an und 52,6% mind. ein UE (Range=0–14, MW=1,8, SD=2,9). Es gaben 38,5% mind. eine NW (Range=0–6, MW=0,7, SD=1,3), 26,7% mind. einen KF (Range=0–10, MW=0,9, SD=1,9) und 8,1% mind. ein UF (Range=0–4, MW=0,1, SD=0,5) an. PE korrelierten negativ mit KF, aber nicht mit NW und UF. Zudem bestehen Zusammenhänge zwischen Patientenmerkmalen und dem Auftreten von GE und UE.

Diskussion Etwas mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten bestätigte mind. ein UE im PANEPS, wobei besonders die Zustimmung zu mind. einem KF oder UF unerwartet hoch ausfielen. Insbesondere die aktuelle Symptombelastung (PHQ-9) scheint für die Zustimmung zu PE und UE einer PT relevant zu sein. Der negative Zusammenhang zwischen PE und KF unterstreicht die Wichtigkeit leitliniengerechter Behandlung für den Erfolg von Psychotherapie.

Schlussfolgerung Nebenwirkungen von PT sind auch bei Patienten mit Depressionen zu erwarten und sollten regelhaft erfasst werden.
Parameter dependence of high-frequency nonlinear oscillations and intrinsic chaos in short GaAs/(Al, Ga)As superlattices
Authors: Essen Jonathan , Ruiz-Garcia Miguel , Jenkins Ian , Carretero Manuel , Bonilla Luis L. , Birnir Björn
Published: April 2018

We explore the design parameter space of short (5–25 period), n-doped, Ga/(Al,Ga)As semiconductor superlattices (SSLs) in the sequential resonant tunneling regime. We consider SSLs at cool (77 K) and warm (295 K) temperatures, simulating the electronic response to variations in (a) the number of SSL periods, (b) the contact conductivity, and (c) the strength of disorder (aperiodicities). Our analysis shows that the chaotic dynamical phases exist on a number of sub-manifolds of codimension zero within the design parameter space. This result provides an encouraging guide towards the experimental observation of high-frequency intrinsic dynamical chaos in shorter SSLs.
Physical effects of magnetic fields on the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a free shear layer
Authors: Liu Y. , Chen Z. H. , Zhang H. H. , Lin Z. Y.
Published: April 2018

The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of a parallel shear flow with a hyperbolic-tangent velocity profile has been simulated numerically at a high Reynolds number. The fluid is perfectly conducting with low viscosity, and the strength of the applied magnetic field varies from weak to strong. We found that the magnetic field parallel to the mainstream direction has a stabilizing effect on the shear flow. The magnetic field mainly stabilizes short-wave perturbations. Small viscosity and/or slight compressibility could introduce some instability even in the presence of a strong magnetic field in a certain circumstance. The suppressing effect of the magnetic field on the instability is accomplished by two parts: the separating effect of the transverse magnetic pressure and the anti-bending effect of magnetic tension pointing to the center of curvature. The former shows prevailingly stronger effect on the fluid interface than the latter does, which is different from the conventional opinion that magnetic tension dominates. Essentially it is mainly the Maxwell stress that weakens and balances the momentum transport conducted by the Reynolds stress, reducing the mixing degree of the upper fluid and the lower fluid.
A molecular dynamics investigation of the surface tension of water nanodroplets and a new technique for local pressure determination through density correlation
Authors: Leong Kai-Yang , Wang Feng
Published: April 2018

The surface tension of nanoscale droplets of water was studied with molecular dynamics simulations using the BLYPSP-4F water potential. The internal pressure of the droplet was measured using an empirical correlation between the pressure and density, established through a series of bulk simulations performed at pressures from 1 to 1000 bars. Such a procedure allows for reliable determination of internal pressure without the need to calculate the local virial. The surface tension, estimated with the Young-Laplace relation, shows good agreement with the Tolman equation with a Tolman length of −0.48 Å. The interface of a liquid water droplet is shown to be around 1.1–1.3 nm thick depending on radii. The fairly thick interface region puts a lower limit on the size of droplets that still have a bulk-like interior.
SQUID-detected FMR: Resonance in single crystalline and polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet
Authors: O’Reilly J. M. , Stamenov P.
Published: April 2018

Here two new techniques for the detection of broadband (100 MHz–20 GHz) ferromagnetic resonance (FMR)/ferrimagnetic resonance in single and poly-crystalline materials, which rely on SQUID-based gradiometry detection of small changes in the magnetisation, are developed. In the first method, small changes in the along-the-applied-field projection of the coupled magnetic moment (Δmz) are detected as the material is driven into resonance. Absolute measurement of the longitudinal component of the magnetisation and the resonance induced lowering of this moment makes estimation of the precession cone angle accessible, which is typically difficult to extract using conventional cavity or stripline based detection methods. The second method invokes the change in Δmz with the resonance-induced thermal heating dmzdT. Magnetisation dynamics in bulk Y3Fe5O12 are observed over a broad range of experimental temperatures (4 K–400 K) and fields (10–500 mT). The inhomogeneous microwave excitation allows for the observation of higher magnetostatic modes and the convenient tracking of very broad resonances. The two SQUID-detection techniques when combined with conventional broadband vector network analyser-FMR, low-frequency magnetic susceptibility, and DC magnetometry, all easily realised, essentially concurrently, using the same module, greatly expand the amount of static and dynamic information accessible.
Disappearance of dielectric anomaly in spite of presence of structural phase transition in reduced BaTiO3: Effect of defect states within the bandgap
Authors: Sagdeo Archna , Nagwanshi Anjali , Pokhriyal Preeti , Sinha A. K. , Rajput Parasmani , Mishra Vikash , Sagdeo P. R.
Published: April 2018

We report the structural, optical, ferroelectric, and dielectric properties of reduced BaTiO3 samples. For this purpose, oxygen vacancies in BaTiO3 are created by heating these samples with a Ti metal in a vacuum environment at different temperatures. It is observed that with an increase in oxygen deficiencies, the c/a ratio decreases as compared to that of the oxygen treated sample. The ferroelectric properties of the oxygen deficient samples are visibly different as compared to those of the oxygen treated sample. The disappearance of the P-E loop and the anomaly in the temperature variation of the dielectric constant have been observed; however, the structural phase transition corresponding to ferroelectric phase transitions still persists. Thus, it appears that the anomaly in dielectric data and the presence of the P-E loop are getting masked possibly by the Maxwell-Wagner effect. The presence of Ti+3 states in the prepared samples has been confirmed by X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements. The Kubelka-Munk optical absorption shows the presence of extra states below fundamental transition, indicating the emergence of new electronic states within the bandgap, which might be due to Ti+3 states. These new states appear at different energy positions, and with different intensities for different samples, which are reduced in the presence of Ti. These new states within the bandgap appear to modify the electronic structure, thereby reducing the overall bandgap, and hence, they seem to modify the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the samples. Our results may be treated as experimental evidence for theoretically proposed defect states in oxygen deficient or reduced BaTiO3.
A coordinated optimization method considering time-delay effect of islanded photovoltaic microgrid based on modified backtracking search algorithm
Authors: Yang Hanqing , Yu Jin , Qiu Yibin , Li Qi , Chen Weirong
Published: April 2018

Photovoltaic (PV) microgrids operating in the islanding mode are more susceptible to stability problems, due to the fluctuation of PV output power and weak system structures. In this paper, a coordinated optimization method considering the time-delay effect of islanded PV microgrids based on the modified backtracking search algorithm is proposed to improve the stability of PV on the condition of suffering small disturbances. First, the small signal model of PV microgrid considering time-delay characteristics of the inverter, which consists of a PV array, batteries, dc/ac inverters, and loads, is studied. Then, the range of controller parameters are obtained by analysing small signal stability using the technique of eigenvalue analysis. Finally, a coordinated optimization objective function is built and the modified Backtracking search algorithm is adopted to optimize the parameters. The simulation results show that the proposed method is effective for improving the stability of PV microgrids when suffering small disturbance.
The control of electron quantum trajectories on the high-order harmonic generation of CO and N2 molecules in the presence of a low frequency field
Authors: Koushki A. M. , Sadighi-Bonabi R. , Mohsen-Nia M. , Irani E.
Published: April 2018

In the present work, an efficient method is theoretically investigated for extending high-order harmonics and ultrashort attosecond pulse generation in N2 and CO molecules by using the time-dependent density functional theory approach. Our results show that by utilizing chirped laser field in the presence of a low frequency field, not only is the harmonic cutoff extended remarkably but also the single short quantum trajectory is selected to contribute to the harmonic spectra. When a low frequency field is added to the two-color chirped laser field, the long quantum trajectories are suppressed and only the short quantum trajectories contribute to the higher harmonic emission mechanism. As a result, the spectral modulation is significantly decreased and an intense ultrashort pulse can be generated from the supercontinuum region of high harmonics. With such a scheme, the isolated ultrashort attosecond pulses can be generated in length, velocity, and acceleration gauges. Furthermore, these results are explained by using the classical and quantum time-frequency analyses.