bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highgate
Authors: White Norman
Published: November 2023

For two years Hopkins went to a small private school in Hampstead, and then in September 1854 started at Sir Roger Cholmeley’s School at Highgate. At ten years old he was small for his age and delicatelooking, his head large in proportion to his trunk and shoulders. Photographs of him in the junior school show his mouth hanging open, eyes hooded, with the top lids heavy and half-closed. He had a long cleft chin, a long and low nose, and a well-shaped upper lip. His hair was dark brown to ginger, with golden lights and streaks, and tinges of red; it tended to fall wild and long on either side. His eyebrows were already permanently raised, with an appearance of sardonic superiority. Victorian photographic conditions produced solemn portraits, and unfortunately none survives which suggests Hopkins’s humour or levity.
An Irish Row
Authors: White Norman
Published: November 2023

Since the first week in December 1883 Hopkins had been keeping a secret from his family and friends. He knew he would probably have to leave Stonyhurst for Ireland. On 7 March 1884, he wrote to Bridges on notepaper headed ‘University College, 85 & 86, Stephens Green, Dublin’: ‘Remark the above address: it is a new departure or a new arrival and at all events a new abode. I dare say you know nothing of it, but the fact is that, though unworthy of and unfit for the post, I have been elected Fellow of the Royal University of Ireland in the department of classics.’ He added: ‘There was an Irish row over my election.’ Hopkins had been thrust as a pawn into a controversy of far-reaching importance to Ireland.
Fiction and Friction
Authors: Greenblatt Stephen
Published: November 2023

In September 1580, as he passed through a small French town on his way to Switzerland and Italy, Montaigne was told an unusual story that he duly recorded in his travel journal. It seems that seven or eight girls from a place called Chaumont-en-Bassigni plotted together “to dress up as males and thus continue their life in the world.”1 One of them set up as a weaver, “a well-disposed young man who made friends with everybody,” and moved to a village called Montier-en-Der. There the weaver fell in love with a woman, courted her, and married. The couple lived together for four or five months, to the wife’s satisfaction, “so they say.” But then, Montaigne reports, the transvestite was recognized by someone from Chaumont; “the matter was brought to justice, and she was condemned to be hanged, which she said she would rather undergo than return to a girl’s status; and she was hanged for using illicit devices to supply her defect in sex.” The execution, Montaigne was told, had taken place only a few days before.
Drab and Transitional Prose
Authors: Lewis C S
Published: November 2023

With few exceptions the prose which we were considering two chapters ago was ‘applied’ prose, such as never owed too much and often owed too little to conscious artistry. Of such plain writing some awaits us in the present chapter, but we shall also have to deal with picked prose and even with adorned prose—Kunstprosa as the Germans call it. In order to be fair to the latter we must put considerable constraint upon ourselves. Nothing in literature is so ‘desperately mortal’ as a stylish prose. On the other hand, the prose of men who are intent upon their matter and write only to be understood tends, not quite fairly, to gain from the passage of time. Its content, even when mediocre in itself, acquires historical interest; its most commonplace terms of expression grow pleasantly archaic; proverbs and idioms which were part of the common speech seem to the inexperienced reader to be proofs of individual genius; even characteristic faults are at worst refreshingly unlike the faults of our own prose. To all these general causes of misjudgement there must be added in our age a strong bias in favour of strictly functional beauty and a quite unusual distrust of rhetoric. Decoration, externally laid on and inorganic, is now hardly tolerated except in the human face. We must therefore throughout this chapter endeavour, not indeed to exchange our own prejudices for those of the sixteenth century, but to bring ourselves a little nearer to the ideal middle point. We must practice some deliberate indulgence to the adorned prose, and be strictly critical when we read the plain. For not all plain prose is good. Such efforts as ink-horn terms or euphuism may have been misdirected, even barbarous, but those who made them were not wrong in their belief that our prose needed to be heightened and coloured and ‘strongly trussed up’.
Verse In The ‘Golden’ Period
Authors: Lewis C S
Published: November 2023

I Have named the ‘Golden’ Age from those of its productions which seem to us, looking back, the most characteristic; but of course much work of a different kind was being produced. There is poetry, like Warner’s and much of Drayton’s, which simply lags behind and remains Drab. There is poetry like Donne’s which anticipates and indeed inaugurates the Meta physical period. There is also poetry like South well’s which is sometimes Drab and sometimes Metaphysical, but never Golden: the poet, as it were, ignores the Golden Age and tunnels straight through from the Drab to the seventeenth century. Both these kinds I reserve for my Epilogue. There is poetry like Chapman’s which is partly Golden and partly Metaphysical: Shakespeare’s ripest work, which falls outside our province, belongs to this class. Finally, there is satiric work which neither lags behind the Golden movement through mere incompetence like Warner, nor departs from it in obedience to a revolutionary impulse like Donne, but eschews it for reasons of decorum,just as Spenser generally eschews it in Mother Hubberd’s Tale, because satire ought not to be mellifluous. I will deal first with the poets who simply lag behind the Golden Age: the belated, or vestigial, poetry.
Keats, the Critics, and the Public
Authors: Leader Zachary
Published: November 2023

Though determined to be ‘among the English Poets’, a great and lasting writer worthy of ‘the Temple of Fame’ or ‘the laurel wreath on high suspended’,’ John Keats also needed immediate recognition, to be ‘successful and respected’ as well as great! In early 1818, soon after the publication of his first collection, Poems (1817), Keats determined to ‘overwhelm’ himself in poetry (‘Sleep and Poetry’, 1. 96);i hence in part the attraction of epic. ‘In Endymion’, he writes to Hessey, ‘I leaped headlong into the sea,’ a total immersion which was also ‘a test, a trial of my Powers of Imagination’.
The ultra-radical press: philosophes and populists, 1819-21
Authors: Mccalman Iain
Published: November 2023

To turn from the pungent oratory of Hopkins Street chapel to the literature that came from the same quarter in r8r9 is on the whole a disappointing experience. For though many London ultra-radical tracts and periodicals emerged in the heat of the Petcrloo crisis, their rhetoric often fails to bite. Time and again their analyses seem overburdened by an abstract and theoretical freethought derived mainly from the European Enlightenment.
Mrs Oliphant: Fiction to Herself’
Authors: Jay Elisabeth
Published: November 2023

As an expatriate Scots woman, Mrs Margaret Oliphant (1828-97) started her prolific and accomplished writing career at three removes from the centre of Victorian literary life. Widowed early, and left with not only her own children, but two brothers, a nephew and two nieces to support, she became keenly aware of the discrepancy between society's assumptions about woman's role and her own position as a female breadwinner in the male-dominated world of nineteenth-century publishing. Out of the contrast between her wryly ironic view of life and the conventions of Victorian fiction came the disconcerting questioning of accepted ideologies of the family, religious orthodoxy and a woman's place in society that characterizes her writing. Mrs Oliphant: A Fiction to Herself paints an often surprising picture of the professional Victorian woman writer. By choosing to interweave the life and the work of Mrs Oliphant, Elisabeth Jay's lucid and comprehensive study raises for consideration the way in which a particular woman writer perceived her own life, and the wider question of whether women writers have been well-served by the mythological structures of male biography. 'Elisabeth Jay has drawn upon Oliphant's wide-ranging writing in numerous modes, to give a comprehensive and often surprising portrait of the professional Victorian woman writer. This study of Oliphant's career as a professional Victorian writer, of her critical and intellectual interests, and the extraordinary way in which she managed fiction and journalism over her career, will cast a new light on the period. Elaine Showalter, Professor of English, Princeton Univesity
The Importance Of Defences: Selection And Examination Of Sites
Authors: McNicoll A W , Milner N P
Published: November 2023

In Plato ‘s Laws 778d-779a the Athenian argues that city walls will in stil in soldiers cowardice in the field, and should therefore form no part of the ideal city. Contrast Aristotle. Dealing with practical reality, he claims that walls are in his day more than ever necessary in view of the recent improvement in siegecraft. Aristotle was, of course, thinking of the city-state as an independent entity, an ideal which in general both before and after Alexander did not obtain in Asia Minor or Syro-Palestine, for all that the city-states wished it and rulers proclaimed it.2 Not only was the Polis generally not free, but, as Ehrenberg put it, it was ‘a part alien to the essence of the Hellenistic State, and not connected with it organically ‘. Yet the cities of Asia Minor and Syro-Palestine, lying in the power of the Hellenistic kings, were vital to that power. As loyal allies or unwilling subjects the cities provided social organizations geared to exploit and administer land and other resources on which the rulers depended for revenues, and without which they could not survive. To be exploited the cities had to be held; to be held they had to be fortified and garrisoned.
Sites With Fortifications Of More Than One Period
Authors: McNicoll A W , Milner N P
Published: November 2023

The fortifications of most ancient cities are amalgams of concepts of fortification during different periods. At almost all of the sites examined in earlier chapters minor additions and alterations have been noted. In this chapter three complex ‘multi-period ‘ sites, Caunus, Assos, and Jerusalem, are discussed.
Prehistoric Greek Roof Tiles
Authors: Winter Nancy A
Published: November 2023

The existence of terracotta roof tiles in prehistoric Greece has been the subject of some controversy. Pieces which resemble Archaic Corinthian pan tiles and Laconian cover tiles, or, more closely, their counterparts in Italy and Asia Minor, have been found in clear prehistoric contexts, but generally in circumstances of supposed secondary use, such as in graves or drains, rather than associated with architecture. In addition, the known examples are relatively few, suggesting that the practice was never common, if roofing with tiles can be proved to have existed at all. Lack of uniformity in size, even among pieces from the same site, has been cited as a factor which would preclude their use on a roof, demanding an excessive amount of overlapping, and making them awkward to lay and to cover. Generally, flat tiles could be laid like fish-scales, while curved tiles could be used by themselves to function as both pan and cover, laying them alternately concave and convex, or as convex cover tiles protecting the joints between two flat pan tiles with upturned side borders.
The Corinthian System
Authors: Winter Nancy A
Published: November 2023

Centuries of literary tradition attribute to Corinth a major role in the invention and production of architectural terracottas. Excavations have amply proved that Corinth produced very high quality terracotta roof elements over a long period. As we have seen in Chapter 3, the earliest terracotta roof known at present belonged to the early temple of Apollo at Corinth, supporting at least one of these contentions. A second story (Pliny, Nat. hist. xxxv. 152), that the use of terracotta roof tiles spread from Corinth to Italy when Demaratus fled Corinth and settled in Etruria with three craftsmen c.657 BC, would also appear to have elements of truth.’
The Argive Systems
Authors: Winter Nancy A
Published: November 2023

ARGOS, another of the important Archaic city-states, with its sanctuary of Hera nearby, also played an important role in the production of architectural terracottas. Some early roofs display a distinctive style based on the Protocorinthian system, a style which continues in its basic form from its inception around or before the mid-seventh century BC until the first quarter of the fifth century BC. A second style, which probably represents a second local workshop centred in the eastern Argolid, begins somewhat later, early in the sixth century BC, and favours Corinthian style rather than the local one. This Corinthianizing workshop also continues production until the end of the Archaic period, its quality rivalling that of Corinth itself by the third quarter of the century.
The Central Greek System
Authors: Winter Nancy A
Published: November 2023

The areas of Thessaly, Lokris, Phokis, and Boiotia, and possibly also Euboia, shared at least two different roofing systems, one based on Laconian-style pan and cover tiles (see below), and a second, predominant one using flat pan tiles and pitched cover tiles. This latter system has many of the features which characterize the local roofing system found in the Argolid (see Chapter 8): separately made pan and cover tiles, the pans flat with upward-curving side borders, the covers pitched, eaves tiles whose taenia curves upward at the side edges, matching the line of the finished bottom edge of the separately made antefix; an early raking sima with a flat vertical plaque also occurs. Although these technical features would qualify these roofs as Argive, the decorative repertoire is not paralleled in the Argive system and, at least after c. 570 BC, seems to depend more on the Corinthian system (Chapter 4).
Conclusions
Authors: Winter Nancy A
Published: November 2023

The Archaic Greek mainland stands out from its neighbours in its distinctive and conservative use of architectural terracottas. Although the probable inventor from whom the practice spread to both Italy and Asia Minor, the Greek mainland evolved along separate, if parallel, lines. Unlike both east and west, Greece, for the most part, limited her use of tiled roofs in the Archaic period to sacred buildings, decorated roofs being restricted particularly to temples and treasuries, while plain tiled roofs may have been used for priests’ houses within a sanctuary. Unlike both Italy and Asia Minor, she preferred a considerably more sombre decoration which changed only at long and infrequent intervals, and followed set rules.
Seals and Seal Usage in Antiquity
Authors: Plantzos Dimitris
Published: November 2023

The Greek word for seal is o^payls (sphragis)) Seals were included in the generic family of characters, along with coins.1 2 3 4 The notion of sealing a cabinet or cupboard, a room or a cellar, a letter or a legal document to claim ownership, and hence safeguard its privacy, comes very early in Greek practice and is adequately reflected in literature.
Bending the Truth ‘Ceci n’est pas un conte’ —Froissart, Merigot Marches, and the well-ordered narrative
Authors: Ainsworth Peter F
Published: November 2023

Froissart’S style has long been recognized as remarkable, and it is an undeniably important element of his literary appeal. However, it is not the sole, or even the most fundamental element of the literary specificity of the Chroniques. The texts studied here and in subsequent chapters are all characterized, in their various ways, by their ability to generate connotative readings of considerable richness. They have, as such, no equivalent in the other historical works examined above, and are all marked by that feature which signals the ‘set towards the message’ of Froissart’s best writing: they promise, or threaten, or even purport, to say much more than their obvious, referential meaning. Instead of merely expounding or explaining the phenomena they recount (what ever may have been the intentions of their author), they appear to open up to question these very ‘facts’, for further reflection, scrutiny, or aesthetic enjoyment. From the end of Book II onwards, and especially in the opening chapters of Book III, the chronicler begins to show signs of leaving behind the primarily linear mode of the chronicle of events. The change involved is not easy to circumscribe, but there can be no doubt that, from this point on, we are at times dealing with a much richer textuality than hitherto encountered. The texts under discussion below in Parts II and III all spring, it seems to me, from a creative tension born of the chronicler’s ‘hesitation’ between an attitude of fascination and one of aversion with respect to a number of phenomena that challenge his understanding of what is acceptable in society (according to the consecrated paradigms that he himself recognizes). These texts are all responsive, in varying ways, to readings that allow for the presence of ‘configured’ or even metaphorical meanings.
Introduction: Reading The Body
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: November 2023

The questions of gender and sexuality are amongst the most important facing the contemporary critic. Yet there has been almost no work attempting to analyse Spanish and Spanish American literature in the light of modern theories of sexuality . The aim of this book is twofold: to provide an introduction to the varied and complex treatments of sexuality since Freud; and to read a representative selection of major texts from different areas of Hispanic studies in the light of these treatments.
̒La Chair ouverte, blessée’: Tournier, the Body, and the Reader
Authors: Wilson Emma
Published: November 2023

In the summer of 1990 a colloquium was held at Cerisy about Michel Tournier. The author himself was invited and attended the seven-day gathering. Despite his enthusiastic participation, in the recently published Actes du colloque there is a postface by Tournier where he describes his original response to the idea of ‘une semaine Tournier’. He writes: ‘Surpris par cet honneur exorbitant, j’avais réagi par un refus paniqué. Je me voyais deja en cadavre nu et disséqué entoure de funébres personnages chapeautés de noir, comme clans la Leron d’anatomie de Rembrandt.’ While Tournier’s comment is amusing, and perhaps understandable, I would argue that it may also be read as a more serious revelation of the writer’s attitude to his readers.
Invention, or First Things
Authors: Gordon Robert S C
Published: November 2023

In everything from its title to its structure to its ethical core, Sequesto un uomo concerns itself with dehumanization, the gradual, inexorable destruction of what is human, within Levi himself and those around him. The destruction is physical, emotional, moral; it is completed in stages of humiliation and degradation and is chronicled in all its awful intensity with Levi’s typical complexity and clarity.
Maurice Maeterlinck and the Making of Modern Theatre
Authors: Mcguinness Patrick
Published: November 2023

This is a study of one of theatre's quietest but most radical innovators. The playwright, poet, and essayist Maurice Maeterlinck (1862-1949) has been called the prodigal father of the Theatre of the Absurd. Admired by writers as diverse as Mallarmé and Yeats, Artaud and Strindberg, Chekhov and Jarry, Maeterlinck was the most celebrated avant-garde playwright of his day. By 1900 he had given theatre a new set of bearings: 'static theatre', 'the theatre of the unexpressed', and 'the tragic of the everyday'. He had, according to Rilke, relocated theatre's centre of gravity, replacing action with inaction, events with the eventless, and dialogue with a semantics of silence as expressive as any of Symbolism's most sophisticated poetic constructions. The author of the supreme Symbolist play, Pelléas and Mélisande, and of haunting, minimalist dramas of waiting (L'Intruse, Les Aveugles, Intérieur), Maeterlinck laid the foundations for the most revolutionary theatre of the twentieth century. Opening with a chapter on Maeterlinck's Symbolist and decadent beginnings, and proceeding by way of comparative readings of Maeterlinck and contemporary Symbolist dramatic theory (with particular attention to Mallarmé), Maurice Maeterlinck and the Making of Modern Theatre provides close readings of the one-act plays, and his seminal theories of static theatre and the theatre of waiting.
Mar’ya Vasil’evna Sushkova: an Enlightened Woman of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Rosslyn Wendy
Published: November 2023

The rapid development of Russian intellectual and literary culture in the second half of the eighteenth century was the work of a relatively small number of people. While the nobility as a whole and a few non-nobles gradually accustomed themselves to reading, the production of literary material was confined to the members of restricted and often close-knit circles, usually in the two capitals, who shared their knowledge of and interest in new European trends and supported and nourished each other’s work. The vast majority of these people were men. In 1772, when Novikov published his Opyt istoricheskogo slovarya o rossiiskikh pisatelyakh, he could find only 317 writers in all Russia’s past and present, and of these only nine were women. The role of women in intellectual life and in the production of literary texts was necessarily limited. The exceptions which prove the rule were Catherine II and Ekaterina Dashkova. But while they were not only familiar with classic Enlightenment texts but also personally acquainted with great minds of the day, few other men or women in Russia had the education and reading required to participate in disseminating the ideas and values of the Enlightenment.
Muslim And Jewish Musical Traditions Of The Middle Ages
Authors: Shiloah Amnon
Published: November 2023

In 1492, with the fall of the last Arab stronghold—the Nasarite Kingdom of Granada—eight centuries of Muslim domination over the Iberian Peninsula, as well as over Sicily and southern Italy, came to an end. After the conquest in 711, particularly with the inception of the emirate of ‘Abd al-Rah man II, who succeeded his father al-Hakam in 206/822, the Iberian Peninsula became the scene of one of the most fascinating examples of intercultural contacts.
Polyphonic Music in Central Europe, c.1300–c.1520
Authors: Ward Tom R
Published: November 2023

The fifteenth century saw the rapid development of musical institutions and the expansion of musical activity in the region east of the Rhine and north of the Alps, specifically that part of Europe now made up of Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Austria (see Map 4). The picture of this region during the fifteenth century found in much of the literature of music history of the twentieth century is generally that it is backward, undeveloped, and well behind the times in comparison with northern France, the Italian city-states, and England. In terms of the totality of musical activity in each of these areas and significant figures in the development of music in the fifteenth century, this view is somewhat accurate—there was more activity and there were more major composers in other parts of Europe. Unfortunately, this view has, until quite recently, also influenced research to the extent that only in the last two decades have scholars begun to identify the composers, repertories, and institutions of the region that did indeed exist and thrive during the fifteenth century. Recent research has shown that this region, while not possessing a musical life the equal of that found in major centres in northern France or in Italy, did have developed musical institutions and a significant number of people engaged in the composition, performance, and discussion of music.
Lambach and Salzburg (1769)
Authors: Zaslaw Neal
Published: November 2023

The Benedictine monastery at Lambach, in Upper Austria near Wels, was a convenient way-station for the Mozart family on their journeys between Salzburg and Vienna. Like many other Bavarian and Austrian monasteries of the time, Lambach provided rooms and meals for travellers, and maintained a musical establishment to ornament its liturgy and to provide entertainment. Amand Schickmayr, a friend of Leopold Mozart’s, was at Lambach from 1738 and had become abbot of the monastery in 1746.1 At the beginning of January 1769 the Mozart family, returning to Salzburg from their stay of more than a year in Vienna, stopped at Lambach. The visit, not mentioned in the family’s surviving letters and diaries, is known solely from inscriptions on two musical manuscripts.
Italy: Fons et Origo (1769–1773)
Authors: Zaslaw Neal
Published: November 2023

Mozart’s youth in Salzburg was punctuated by three journeys to Italy lasting from 12 December 1769 to 28 March 1771, 13 August to 15 December 1771, and 24 October 1772 to 13 March 1773. Thus from just before his fourteenth birthday until shortly after his seventeenth, he spent a total of about twenty-two months in the land where the terminology and much else of modern music had originated. (Sonata, cantata, concerto, opera, oratorio, and sinfonia were, after all, not just Italian terms, but Italian inventions.)
Vienna (II): Independence (1780–1791)
Authors: Zaslaw Neal
Published: November 2023

Perhaps the most important turning-point m Mozart’s life came at the age of twenty-five, when he already had to his credit a corpus of music that many a lesser talent would gladly have accepted as the fruits of a lifetime. He decided to break with his father and Salzburg, and to remain in Vienna as a free-lance teacher, performer, and composer—a decision that had far-reaching effects on his music and, hence, on the evolution of the Viennese classical style as a whole. Evidence of his disaffection toward Salzburg is presented at the beginning of the previous chapter: the Archbishop was stingy and unappreciative, Leopold was continually looking over his son’s shoulder and passing judgement, musical life was circum scribed and taste conservative in Salzburg, and Wolfgang’s opportunities to show what he could do in his favourite genres—piano concerto and opera—were few. Vienna, on the contrary, Mozart described to his father as ‘keyboard land’;1 he might equally have called it ‘orchestra land’ or even, as his admirer Johann Friedrich Schink put it, ‘the land of the blessed, the land of music’.2 In this ‘land of music’ symphonies naturally played their role.
Cremona
Authors: Arnold Denis
Published: November 2023

Cremona is built on the banks of the Poe ... tis eight miles in circuit, environed with Walls Bastions, and Ditches, and hath one Cittadel on the Eastpart, the most stupendious, strong and formidable work in all Italy ... The ordinary buildings are so great, that they may be termed Palaces, reared with great expense and excellent Architecture. It hath broad streets, with Orchards, Gardens, and Mills as well within as without the City, a Chanel for driving them being brought from the River thorow the City. In this way a seventeenth-century English writer describes Cremona, where Monteverdi was born. The town lies some fifty miles from Milan in the heart of the great plain of northern Italy. It is comparatively unvisited today, except by tourists who wish to look at the cathedral and the splendidly tall clock tower. Indeed it seems an almost isolated town, not even on a main road to the east or south.
El corazón del bosque (Gutiérrez Aragón, 1979): Mist, Myth, and History
Authors: Hopewell John
Published: November 2023

EL corazón del bosque (1979) was the film that made Manuel Gutierrez Aragón, plumping him on the always slippery plinth reserved for Spain’s most acclaimed cineaste, lionized by the left, the darling of its hard-core intelligentsia, fodder for Sunday supplement features. These were unlikely laurels for a wayward, discreetly savage, and ironic critic of an increasingly sanitized society. But he was to maintain a Spanish directors’ pole position for nearly a decade until Pedro Almodóvar’s Mujeres al horde de un ataque de nervios (1988) consecrated a mainstream Spanish cinema and replaced a meta-text of political debate by a postmodernist discourse whose extra-filmic referentiality was popular culture and Hollywood cinema.
Re-imaging the Community: Imanol Uribe’s La muerte de Mikel ( r98 3) and the Cinema of Transition
Authors: D’lugo Marvin
Published: November 2023

Imanol Uribe’s La muerte de Mikel ( r983) is one of the earliest demonstrations of the possibility of a popular and commercially viable Basque cinema. At the same time, however, the film poses an emotionally charged refutation of the intransigent identity politics at the root of regional cinemas. This apparent ambivalence reflects the underlying project of Mikel: to contest the Manichaean logic that shaped the cultural politics of cinema during the first decade after Franco’s death, and, more generally, to bring audiences to rethink the chain of allegiances and affiliations that have formed and deformed the notion of community for Spaniards.
Introduction
Authors: Rawson Claude
Published: November 2023

Swift’s works are a meeting-house for some of the most troubling moral nightmares of European intellectual history in the last five hundred years: war, imperial conquest, the impulse to extermin ate. His major satires, especially Gulliver’s Travels and A Modest Proposal, contain remarkable prefigurations, not always attractive to a modem sensibility, of later fantasies and anxieties about these subjects, much as A Tale of a Tub stands as an advance-parody, as well as a brilliant exemplar, of some of the best and worst of the forms of modern writing.
Marcel Mihalovici and Samuel Beckett: Musicians of Return
Authors: Fournier Edith
Published: November 2023

Translated from the French by Mary Bryden

‘The artist who stakes his being is from nowhere, has no kith.’What Samuel Beckett was saying here, in r 954, of the artist Jack B. Yeats, can be said of only a handful of artists, whether they be painters or poets, writers or composers: those who, without any pretence, ‘stake’ their entire being in each of their works. Such totally committed artists have no homeland other than their own creative impulse: a spiral ascending from the depths to rise towards the height of beauty. Being the only offspring of his own art, each of these exceptional creative spirits has, in his domain, no ‘kith’: he is incomparable.
Beckett’s Involvement With Music
Authors: Grindea Miron
Published: November 2023

Samuel Beckett’s lifelong passion for music remains one of the most fascinating aspects of his creative work. Andre Gide wrote a long essay on Chopin as well as some lapidary mentions in his Journal,but there is an element of histrionics in his remarks which now renders them rather unconvincing, whereas Sam remains as ‘secretive’ a musician as Julien Green, who, in his ninety-fourth year, still finds solace in his interpretations of Schumann.
Working with Beckett Texts
Authors: Daiken Melanie
Published: November 2023

I could talk of my childhood and theatre and the early days, when my father and mother, Leslie and Lilyan Daiken, visited Paris time and again for Sam’s new productions. My father had been part of the Trinity College group-Leventhal, McCarthy, Beckett-of the Dublin literary circle of the 1930s. Sam insisted on financing their trips: such was his generosity to his friends. ‘Sam is a saint,’ said my mother. When my father died suddenly at the age of 52, in 1964, I made a long summer visit to Ireland, travelling our old verdant haunts of Wicklow, Bray, Dun Laoghaire, and cycling round the whole of Dublin in a fervent attempt to imbibe my father’s spirit, to imbue myself with his character, to immerse myself in the childhood playground of his Circular Road.Once, I lost my route at Windy Arbours: it turned out to be a mental asylum and I wrenched myself away. I read all the books that Sam had presented to my parents, and so Sam and my father and Ireland became engrained in my soul for ever. Later, teaching at Goldsmiths’ College, I was asked by its Head of Music, Stanley Glasser, to write a piece for a summer concert. It seemed natural to want to work with ‘Echo’s Bones’, from the Poems in English.It started life as Band Music,and later I gave it the ironic name Gems of Erin.
A Note: Dead Calm
Authors: Kim Earl
Published: November 2023

Samuel Beckett has been central to my development as a composer. Most of my works which include the voice are based on his texts, taken from various sources-novels, poems, and plays. I identify closely with the beauty and virtuosity of his language in which every detail is reduced to its maximum-only essentials remain.

The following musical example, Dead Calm(over page), is a setting of a portion of Addenda ( r) of Wattwhich was suggestive of palindromes and silences. It is a part of a larger work entitled Exercises en Routewhich includes excerpts from Malone Dies, Krapp’s Last Tape,and The Unnamable.
‘A. Line of Absolute Correctness’: Ruskin’s Enlargements from Greek Vases and the Drawing Classes at Oxford
Authors: Levi Donata , Tucker Paul
Published: November 2023

From 1853, when he gave his first public lectures in Edinburgh, to the 1870s, when Slade Professor of Fine Art at Oxford, Ruskin, like many lecturers prior to the advent of the slide projector, made use of manually enlarged images as visual aids. More than fifty such images survive, some clearly Ruskin’s own work and some that of assistants such as George Allen and Arthur Burgess, while in many other cases they cannot be attributed to any specific hand. Further examples are known only from early photographs, taken by E. T. Cook and Alexander Wedderburn in the course of preparing the Library Edition of Ruskin’s Works.
Goddesses of Instruction and Desire: Ruskin and Music
Authors: Sousa Correa Delia Da
Published: November 2023

Throughout his work, Ruskin used musical vocabulary to discuss the visual arts and language, calling colour and form, for instance, ‘the musical elements of the arts relating to sight’. In Elements of English Prosody (1880), Ruskin revised the definition of poetry at which he had arrived in Modern Painters to make it ‘the presentiment, in musical form, to the imagination ... of noble grounds for the noble emotions’. Such musical analogies are clearly not without significance in relation to Ruskin’s own art. ‘Rhythmic’ and ‘melodious’ are terms which readily come to mind when attempting to describe the qualities of his writing. His exploitation of the musical lexicon in his aesthetic and social criticism also makes a specific contribution to the synaesthetic richness of Ruskin’s language. His writing was experienced as overwhelmingly ‘musical’ by at least one of his contemporaries. George Eliot’s review of the third volume of Modern Painters praised him (in terms closely echoed in the passage from Ruskin’s lecture quoted below) for a ‘voice that can thrill the audience and take possession of their souls’.
America’s Reading of Nature and the Panoramic Gaze of the Fu
Authors: Stamy Cynthia
Published: November 2023

From about 1913, the year of the Armory Show in New York, American poetry was subject to an increasingly international influence. Marianne Moore had, before that time, already begun her vast reading on Chinese subjects. Her poet contemporaries were similarly delving into scholarly texts on the Far East. From 1901 to1905, Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, and H. D. were all at the University of Pennsylvania and reading widely in Eastern literatures. Poetry: A Magazine of Verse was founded in 19 I 2 and published by Harriet Monroe in Chicago, and Pound, as London editor, was promoting lmagism in its pages. Of the several imperatives of this new poetic practice, which was characterized by clarity, precision, and brevity, one feature was decidedly not in keeping with American poetic traditions. In a letter to William Carlos Williams of 21 October 1908, Pound articulated an early version of what became the Imagist Manifesto.
The Period During Which Proceedings Are Sub Judice Or Active
Authors: Miller C J
Published: November 2023

One of the most difficult problems in the law of contempt is to determine when 6.01 proceedings are sub judice so that a publication which is alleged to create a risk of prejudicing their conduct or outcome may give rise to the commission of the offence. The problem may arise both in criminal and civil proceedings and in proceedings before such bodies as tribunals of inquiry. However, in practice it is in the case of criminal proceedings that the problem has proved to be especially acute. At common law the solution has traditionally been sought by asking whether the proceedings allegedly prejudiced were pending or perhaps imminent at the material time.
Contempt In Relation To Particular Civil Proceedings And Proceedings In Tribunals
Authors: Miller C J
Published: November 2023

Although the restrictions imposed by the sub judice rule are associated primarily 8.01 with criminal proceedings, it has long been clear that they apply to civil proceedings as well. Indeed The St James's Evening Post Case? perhaps the locus classicusoE contempt, followed upon the abusing of litigants in civil proceedings.
The Impact of Crime on Children
Authors: Morgan Jane , Zedner Lucia
Published: November 2023

A good deal is now known about the effects of crime on adult victims. In 1984, the British Crime Survey included, for the first time, questions about the impact of crime on the general population.1 As well as general studies of the effects of victimization,2 studies of the impact of specific types of crime have also been carried out, for example concerning burglary victims,3 and victims of violence.4 These studies have shown the effects of crime on adult victims to be highly complex and variable, and largely unpredictable. None the less researchers have attempted to identify and categorize the main types of effect experienced. Shapland et al., in a study of nearly 300 victims of assault, robbery, and rape, identified eight main groups of effects.5 These were direct effects of physical injury and financial and property losses, and also effects on home and social life, on work, and on attitudes and feelings. Of these, the most frequently mentioned effects were those involving attitudes and feelings. Indeed most studies broadly agree that psychological distress is the central, dominant reaction of crime victims, though the degree of distress suffered varies greatly according to the severity of the crime and the personal characteristics of the victim. Whilst property offences might be thought less likely to have a profound psychological impact, Maguire found that many victims of burglary suffered considerable distress. The emotional impact of the burglary seemed to be more important to the victims in his sample than the financial loss incurred.
The Child Victim, The Prosecution Process, and the Court
Authors: Morgan Jane , Zedner Lucia
Published: November 2023

Interest in the impact of criminal proceedings upon child victims has focused almost entirely on the prosecution of cases of child sexual abuse and, in particular, on the traumatic effects of court appearance for child witnesses.1 There has been considerable debate amongst professionals about the desirability of prosecution in cases where a child is abused by a member of their family. In such cases, the overriding factor to be considered is that the child’s best interests are served. Without stringent safeguards prosecution may risk further victimizing the abused child. The Criminal Law Revision Committee (1984) took the view that the intervention of the criminal justice system should be limited as far as possible in cases of abuse within the family. By implication, it suggested that all but the most serious cases should be dealt with by a caution alone, so that rehabilitative work with the family could begin as rapidly as possible.
The Chinese Wall at General Law
Authors: MCVea Harry
Published: November 2023

The exact legal status of the Chinese Wall in multi-functional financial firms, either here or across the Atlantic, has never been clearly established. Although the idea of one entity at law operating in two separate capacities has been sanctioned in English law,1 how far this doctrine extends to separate departments within one financial conglomerate or group is uncertain. At present, support for the Chinese Wall in financial conglomerates is derived from a number of sources. In the UK, the making of Chinese Wall-type rules has been sanctioned by the legislature2 and given recognition by the regulatory authorities. For example, the SIB and SROs and, indeed, the Take-over Panel have all adopted Chinese Wall rules. The SIB rule-book, derived from the Financial Services Act 1986, is without doubt the clearest and strongest expression of approval to have yet been made. However, the SIB’s Chinese Wall rules (and the SRO rules made thereunder) ‘shall not be construed as excluding or restricting any provision of the law of agency or relating to fiduciary or other duties owed by a firm to those for or with whom it deals’. The general law is therefore not abrogated.
Rescripts: System and Style
Authors: Honoré Tony
Published: November 2023

This chapter deals with: (i) the functions of the rescript system; (ii) the procedure for obtaining a rescript; (iii) the source material for third century rescripts; (iv) their style and the method of analysing it. From now on I call answers by the emperor to petitions by private citizens simply ‘rescripts’, since rescriptum (‘reply in writing’) is the standard third-century term. In the second century these answers were often called ‘subscripts’ (subscriptiones),1 a word which reflects the fact that at least originally the answer was written below the petition.
Conclusions
Authors: Poulter Sebastian
Published: November 2023

In 1978 UNESCO expressed its confidence both in the intrinsic worth of the different cultures found throughout the world and in their potential for fruitful interaction, when it declared its conviction that– all peoples and all human groups, whatever their composition or ethnic origin, contribute according to their own genius to the progress of the civilizations and cultures which, in their plurality and as a result of their interpenetration, constitute the common heritage of mankind.
The European Convention on Human Rights and Criminal Justice in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom
Authors: Swart Bert , Young James
Published: November 2023

Both the Netherlands and the UK became parties to the European Convention at an early stage in its history, the UK in 1951 and the Netherlands in 1954. Both have accepted the right of aggrieved individuals to petition the European Commission of Human Rights and the compulsory jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights at the instigation of the Commission or another State Party to the Convention-the Netherlands in 1960 and the UK in 1966. However, the marked difference in approaches to the performance of their treaty obligations has made a considerable difference to the way in which the influence of the Convention has been felt in the two states. In the Netherlands the Convention is enforceable in the courts, whereas successive British governments have rejected proposals to make Convention rights domestically justiciable. Furthermore, the difference between the criminal justice systems in both countries has meant that challenges to national law and practice have been directed at different aspects of each system.
Diversion, Europeanization and the Mentally Disordered Offender
Authors: Fennell Phil , Koenraadt Frans
Published: November 2023

In recent years diversion policies for mentally disordered offenders have been adopted with particular fervour in England and Wales. They rest on three principles: (1) that special safeguards are necessary governing questioning of mentally disordered suspects in the police station and their confession evidence, since they may be especially liable to make false admissions;1 (2) that mentally disordered suspects and offenders should be diverted away from the penal system and into the health and social care system; (3) that, once in the psychiatric system, patients are entitled to be cared for in the least restrictive setting commensurate with the need to protect the public.2 However, the gulf between policy and practice remains wide because, although a legal framework for diversion has existed since 1959 and since 1984 for the protection of vulnerable suspects in the police station, it was not until 1990 that Circular 66/90 on the Diversion of Mentally Disordered Offenders from Custody was issued following renewed expressions of concern about the high numbers of mentally disordered prison inmates and the increasing numbers of suicides in prisons.3
Prisoners ‘ Rights in the Netherlands and England and Wales
Authors: Douglas Gillian , Moerings Martin
Published: November 2023

In this chapter, we compare the protection of prisoners ‘ rights in the Netherlands and England and Wales.1 We outline the current position in the two jurisdictions, and then consider the extent of European influence upon the recognition of the rights prisoners seek to enjoy. We regard the isolation of prisoners from the outside world, and their consequent powerless ness, as the key features of imprisonment, and therefore focus on whether, and if so how, prisoners may seek to uphold their rights to social contacts, and to challenge internal disciplinary findings against them. Not only are the two systems significantly different in their attitude towards, and the consequent treatment of, prisoners, but they also differ radically in the extent to which they look, or are forced to look, to Euro pean and international influences in deciding whether to grant enforceable rights to prisoners. The case law of the two countries plays a part in this difference. While the European Convention on Human Rights is incorporated into Dutch law, and must therefore be taken into account by domes tic courts and authorities when considering whether rights have been infringed, this is not the position in the United Kingdom. There, courts may try to rule on the law so as to be compatible with the Convention, but cannot change the law to achieve this. Public authorities may, but are quite likely not to, consider the possible ramifications of a breach of the Convention when reaching decisions or drafting policies affecting human rights.
Private Law and the Post-Totalitarian Family: Keeping Promises and Giving Help
Authors: Jakubowska lwona
Published: November 2023

Our subject is the situation of the family, or to be more exact, the family in post-totalitarian countries. Posing the problem in this way suggests that we have assumed in advance that this has a specific nature in such countries. This assumption seems well-founded, as sociological studies for many years have shown that Poles value the family most highly, followed by a close circle of friends. A great variety of studies produced such findings, and furthermore similar findings were obtained just before August 1980, which gives rise to difficulty with interpretation in view of the subsequent political developments. Why do family matters seem so very important in the con text of totalitarianism? The answer is rather simple, I believe.