bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender-modulated influence of BDNF concentration and Val66Met polymorphism on cognitive outcomes in chronic limb ischemia patients
Authors: Chyrek-Tomaszewska Aleksandra , Popiołek Alicja , Stachowicz-Karpińska Agnieszka , Budzyński Jacek , Linkowska Katarzyna , Kozakiewicz Mariusz , Szelągowski Adam , Borkowska Alina , Bieliński Maciej
Published: November 2024

Introduction

While numerous studies have established associations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cognitive functioning, limited research has delved into the role of BDNF concerning cognitive outcomes in atherosclerosis-related conditions. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between cognitive performance, serum BDNF levels, and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in individuals diagnosed with chronic limb ischemia (CLI).

Participants and procedure

The study encompassed 159 CLI patients (52 females, 107 males) aged 59-73 years. Genetic analysis involved assessing the BDNF Val66Met single-nucleotide polymorphism using a TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay and the ViiA™ 7 Real-Time PCR System. Serum BDNF levels were quantified. Cognitive functioning was evaluated through a computerized battery of tests, including the simple reaction test (SRT) for speed and accuracy assessment, verbal memory test (VMT) for short and long-term memory evaluation, and the GoNoGo test for cognitive control and inhibition.

Results

Gender differences in cognitive performance were observed, with women excelling in VMT, while men demonstrated superior performance in SRT and the GoNoGo test. No statistically significant differences were noted between the Met/Met or Met/Val and Val/Val subgroups. However, notable differences emerged in female Met carriers, exhibiting superior VMT scores but more incorrect Go responses in the GoNoGo test. Conversely, female Val homozygotes showed significantly more incorrect NoGo responses compared to male Val homozygotes. In men carrying the Met allele, higher BDNF concentrations correlated with improved GoNoGo test results (r = 0.248, p = 0.01). Conversely, in women with the Val/Val variant, lower BDNF concentrations were associated with better VMT scores.

Conclusions

This study underscores the sex-specific impact of BDNF serum levels and the BDNF polymorphism on cognitive processes among CLI patients. The findings highlight the nuanced influence of BDNF in shaping cognitive functioning, emphasizing the need for further research into these sex-dependent associations.
The potential mechanism of action of gut flora and bile acids through the TGR5/TRPV1 signaling pathway in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain
Authors: Chen Peng , Jiang Xian , Fu Jia , Ou Cehua , Li Yao , Jia Jing , Liao Changli
Published: November 2024

Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) is a major complication of diabetes that markedly affects the quality of life and health status of patients. Recent studies have investigated the potential regulatory influence of gut flora and bile acids on DPNP via the TGR5/TRPV1 signaling pathway. Dysbiosis of the gut flora not only directly affects bile acid metabolism but also significantly correlates with diabetes-associated neuropathy through interactions with the bile acid receptor TGR5 and the ion channel TRPV1. This review describes how alterations in the gut flora and bile acid metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of DPNP through the TGR5/TRPV1 signaling pathway, revealing potential applications for this pathway in DPNP management. Furthermore, experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the modulation of gut flora and bile acid metabolism as well as targeting the TGR5/TRPV1 signaling pathway as an innovative therapeutic approach. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanism and develop treatment modalities based on gut flora regulation and signaling pathway interventions, thus providing novel insights and approaches for DPNP therapy.
The clinical and pathological significance of tertiary lymphoid structure in extramammary Paget's disease
Authors: Xi Ningyuan , Xu Xiaoxiang , Xu Mingyuan , Wu Nanhui , Wu Yuhao , Chen Jiashe , Liu Shuyi , Jiang Long , Yan Guorong , Zhang Guolong , Liu Yeqiang
Published: November 2024

Background

Tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are functional immune-responsive aggregates, which have been reported to be associated with better prognosis in various tumors. However, their exact characteristics and prognostic value in extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) remain unknown.

Objective

To explore the features of TLSs in EMPD and their association with clinicopathological characteristics.

Methods

In total, 171 EMPD patients from 2015 to 2023, retrospective, single center cohort were collected to assess the presence, maturation status, and location of TLSs by immunohistochemistry. Then, their clinicopathologic association and prognostic significance were further examined.

Results

TLSs were detected in 97 cases (57%) of 171 EMPD patients, including high-density TLSs in 88 cases (91%), peritumoral TLSs (pTLSs) in 89 cases (92%), TLSs around appendages (aTLSs) in 23 cases (24%), and mature TLSs in 16 cases (16%). Secondary EMPD was more likely to produce TLS (Secondary: 16/21 [76%]; Primary: 81/150 [54%]; P = 0.06), and more likely to produce Mature TLS (Secondary: 5/10 [50%]; Primary: 11/80 [14%]; P = 0.02). The subjective symptoms of EMPD patients did not seem to correlate with the presence of TLS. EMPD patients with tumor invasion were more likely to form mature TLS (Invasion: 8/32 [25%]; In situ: 8/65 [12%]; P = 0.06), recurrent EMPD patients were more likely to form TLS (Recurrent: 34/50 [68%]; Initial: 63/121 [52%]; P = 0.06) especially mature TLS (Recurrent: 8/34 [24%]; Initial: 8/63 [13%]; P = 0.04). The depth of tumor invasion in EMPD patients with mature TLS was mostly less than or equal to 4mm (mature TLS+: 7/8 [88%]; TLS-: 6/17 [35%]; P = 0.05), aTLS were less common in EMPD patients with skin appendage invasion (aTLS+: 4/23 [17%]; aTLS-: 32/74 [43%]; P = 0.03). The same EMPD patients relapse after, the existence of TLS increased [TLS+ (initial): 9/17 (53%); TLS+ (recurrence):14/17 (82%); P =.07].

Limitations

Retrospective study design.

Conclusions

Mature TLS is a positive prognostic factor for invasive EMPD and may serve as a new biomarker and therapeutic target for EMPD.
Oxygen optodes on oceanographic moorings: recommendations for deployment and in situ calibration
Authors: Miller Una Kim , Fogaren Kristen E. , Atamanchuk Dariia , Johnson Clare , Koelling Jannes , Le Bras Isabela , Lindeman Margaret , Nagao Hiroki , Nicholson David P. , Palevsky Hilary , Park Ellen , Yoder Meg , Palter Jaime B.
Published: November 2024

Increasing interest in the deployment of optical oxygen sensors, or optodes, on oceanographic moorings reflects the value of dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements in studies of physical and biogeochemical processes. Optodes are well-suited for moored applications but require careful, multi-step calibrations in the field to ensure data accuracy. Without a standardized set of protocols, this can be an obstacle for science teams lacking expertise in optode data processing and calibration. Here, we provide a set of recommendations for the deployment and in situ calibration of data from moored optodes, developed from our experience working with a set of 60 optodes deployed as part of the Gases in the Overturning and Horizontal circulation of the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (GOHSNAP). In particular, we detail the correction of drift in moored optodes, which occurs in two forms: (i) an irreversible, time-dependent drift that occurs during both optode storage and deployment and (ii) a reversible and pressure-and-time-dependent drift that is detectable in some optodes deployed at depths greater than 1,000 m. The latter is virtually unidentified in the literature yet appears to cause a low-bias in measured DO on the order of 1 to 3 µmol kg−1 per 1,000 m of depth, appearing as an exponential decay over the first days to months of deployment. Comparisons of our calibrated DO time series against serendipitous mid-deployment conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD)-DO profiles, as well as biogeochemical (BGC)-ARGO float profiles, suggest the protocols described here yield an accuracy in optode-DO of ∼1%, or approximately 2.5 to 3 µmol kg−1. We intend this paper to serve as both documentation of the current best practices in the deployment of moored optodes as well as a guide for science teams seeking to collect high-quality moored oxygen data, regardless of expertise.
Insulin resistance has closer correlation with the occurrence of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease diagnosed by liver biopsy
Authors: Cao Weihua , Jiang Tingting , Deng Wen , Wang Shiyu , Li Xinxin , Zhang Ziyu , Zhang Lu , Lu Yao , Chang Min , Liu Ruyu , Wu Shuling , Shen Ge , Gao Yuanjiao , Hao Hongxiao , Chen Xiaoxue , Hu Leiping , Xu Mengjiao , Yi Wei , Xie Yao , Li Minghui
Published: November 2024

Objective

To explore any correlation between serum urate (SU) level or insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods

Data from all MASLD patients, diagnosed by liver biopsy, were enrolled and divided into MASLD alone group and MASLD with MS group. They were subdivided into hyperuricemia group and normal SU group to find correlation between SU/IR and MASLD in patients with MS and independent risk factors for MASLD.

Results

Data from 539 MASLD patients were analyzed. Body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.000), waist circumference (WC) (p = 0.004), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p = 0.000) were dramatically higher in MASLD with MS group than those with MASLD alone; MASLD with MS patients had significantly more family history of diabetes (p = 0.000) and hypertension (p = 0.000) than patients with MASLD alone. Height (p = 0.000), weight (p = 0.000), BMI (p = 0.000) and WC (p = 0.001), and LDL (p = 0.007) were dramatically higher in hyperuricemia patients than those with normal SU. SU was inversely associated with age (p = 0.000) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.003), and positively correlated with weight (p = 0.000), BMI (p = 0.000) and WC (p = 0.000), TG (p = 0.000), and LDL (p = 0.000). Logistic Regression analysis showed that age (p = 0.031), TG (p = 0.002), LDL (p = 0.010), HbA1c (p = 0.026), and family history of hypertension (p = 0.000) may be independent risk factors for MASLD in patient with MS.

Conclusion

Insulin resistance (IR) in MASLD patients with MS, but not higher SU levels, has closer correlation with the occurrence of MASLD in patients with family history of hypertension and diabetes having higher BMI, LDL, HbA1c.
Analysis of the clinical manifestations and diagnostic process of the pleural effusion associated with constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Wei Weifeng , Shen Panxiao , Liu Shaowei , Li Naijian , Zeng Yunxiang , Ma Lunchao , Wang Jinlin
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The primary objective of this study is to analyze the clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, and outcomes of patients with pathologically confirmed constrictive pericarditis who presented with bilateral pleural effusions. We aim to outline a stepwise diagnostic approach that could assist clinicians in identifying CP in similar cases.

Methods

In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 19 cases of pathologically confirmed constrictive pericarditis. These patients were admitted to our hospital between January 2019 and December 2022 after pericardial stripping. The collected data included imaging findings, clinical manifestations, pleural effusion characteristics, postoperative pathology, and the diagnostic process.

Results

In this study, the age of the 19 patients ranged from 25 to 74 years, with a median age of 59 years. All patients presented with bilateral pleural effusions, with or without pericardial lesions such as pericardial effusion or thickening. Pleural effusion biochemistry did not exhibit specific characteristics, and both etiology and pleural pathology were negative. Radiographic examinations, including cardiac ultrasound and chest CT, revealed signs of pericardial thickening and/or pericardial effusion or no abnormalities. Pericardial stripping was performed in all patients, and the postoperative pathology confirmed various degrees of thickened pericarditis, consistent with constrictive pericarditis. During a follow-up period of 6–18 months, most patients (17 out of 19) showed favorable recovery with no recurrence of bilateral pleural effusions.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the importance of pleural effusion as a clinical sign of constrictive pericarditis and highlights that a stepwise diagnostic approach, guided by clinical presentation and imaging, can enhance its recognition, particularly in cases with bilateral pleural effusions.
Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from endophytic Aspergillus parasiticus and their antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ali Enas M. , Rajendran Peramaiyan , Abdallah Basem M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a drug-resistant and biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria with severe morbidity and mortality. MRSA showed resistance against currently available antibiotics. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel effective treatments with minimal side effects to eliminate MRSA.

Aim

In this study, we aimed to mycosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the endophytic fungus Aspergillus parasiticus isolated from leaves of Reseda Arabica and to examine their antibacterial activity against MRSA.

Results

Screening of fungal secondary metabolites using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis revealed the presence of high content of bioactive compounds with antibacterial activities. AP-AgNPs were mycosynthesized for the first time using ethyl acetate extract of A. parasiticus and characterized by imaging (transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)). The agar well diffusion method revealed the antibacterial activity of AP-AgNPs against MRSA with 25 μg/mL of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). AP-AgNPs were shown to exert antibacterial action via a bactericidal mechanism based on flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy assessment. Our data demonstrated the effective interaction of AP-AgNPs with the bacterial cell membrane, which resulted in cell membrane damage and disruption of cell surface structure. Furthermore, AP-AgNPs successfully prevented the development of MRSA biofilms by disturbing cell adhesion and destructing mature biofilm reaching over 80% clearance rate. Interestingly, topical application of AP-AgNPs to superficial skin infection induced by MRSA in mice effectively promoted wound healing and suppressed bacterial burden.

Conclusion

Our results provide a novel green nanoparticle drug design with effective therapeutic potential against MRSA-induced skin infection.
Influence of material orientation, loading angle, and single-shot repetition of laser shock peening on surface roughness properties
Authors: Lebea Lebogang , Desai Dawood , Ngwangwa Harry , Nemavhola Fulufhelo
Published: November 2024

Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V is extensively utilized in biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. The design of dental implant surface textures has changed throughout time to address issues with oral rehabilitation in both healthy and damaged bones. The longevity of an implant is significantly impacted by surface roughness. This study examines the use of laser shock peening (LSP) as a surface modification technique to improve the mechanical properties of implants. A numerical model is developed using the commercial finite elements software in ABAQUS/Explicit for simulating dynamic conditions. The aim of the study is to develop surface roughness parameters using computational methods such as studies have not yet been contemplated. The single shot angle, shot repeat, time, material orientation, and laser power are applied for the first time simultaneously to evaluate the impact of material orientation and loading angles on surface roughness parameters. The study showed that the developed computational model’s compressive residual stress was −578.45 MPa, while the experimental samples were −592.18 MPa. Consequently, the difference between the computational and experimental results was 2.32%. Without regard to material orientation or angle, the compressive residual stress of the samples under examination was found to be −578.450 MPa after three repetitions and to decreased to −1.620 MPa after four. These results demonstrate that by varying the material orientation and loading angle, the Ra value may be increased four times.
Boron nitride nanotubes as carriers of genistein for multitherapeutic cancer treatment: A DFT study of electronic and solubility properties
Authors: Mashhoun Sara , Tavahodi Ali
Published: November 2024

Increasing cancer mortality statistics demand more accurate and efficient treatments. Nanostructures have proved to be promising choices in this regard. Nanotubes with large surface areas can play multiple roles from drug carriers in targeted drug delivery to beam absorbers in the photothermal method. While carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show cytotoxicity, Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNTs) offer wide bandgap and biocompatibility. In this study, we investigate the electronic and solvation properties of (5,5), (6,6), and (7,7) BNNTs computationally by the density functional theory. For multimodal therapy, we considered Iron (Fe) doping in the BNNT, which can be helpful in hyperthermia due to the magnetic moment of Fe. Our results show that doping has improved the band positions. Furthermore, we implemented an organic anticancer molecule, genistein, a metastasis inhibitor. All potent configurations connecting genistein with BNNT covalently demonstrated enhanced water solubility as compared to pristine and Fe-doped BNNTs. The results suggest that the (7,7) C3 complex is the most stable structure and the best drug carrier.
Time-dependent phenotypical changes of microglia drive alterations in hippocampal synaptic transmission in acute slices
Authors: Ferrucci Laura , Basilico Bernadette , Reverte Ingrid , Pagani Francesca , Scaringi Giorgia , Cordella Federica , Cortese Barbara , De Propris Gaia , Galeone Andrea , Mazzarella Letizia , Mormino Alessandro , Garofalo Stefano , Khan Azka , De Turris Valeria , Ferretti Valentina , Bezzi Paola , Gross Cornelius , Caprioli Daniele , Limatola Cristina , Di Angelantonio Silvia , Ragozzino Davide
Published: November 2024

It is widely acknowledged that microglia actively regulate synaptic function in the brain. Remarkably, much of our understanding regarding the role of microglia in synaptic regulation is derived from studies in acute brain slices. However, it is still uncertain to what extent the preparation and maintenance of acute slices can influence microglial function and whether microglial changes may affect synaptic transmission. In this study, we examined the impact of acute slice resting time on hippocampal CA1 microglia, by assessing morphological and functional parameters at two distinct time intervals. We report that after 4 h from slicing microglia undergo morphological, functional, and transcriptional changes, including a decrease in the number of branches and in their movement speed. Furthermore, microglia acquire a reactive phenotype, characterized by increased amplitude of outward rectifying K+ currents, increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Tnfα and altered expression of the microglial receptors Cx3cr1 and P2y12r. We also examined time-dependent changes of excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons from acute hippocampal slices, reporting time-dependent decrease in both amplitude and frequency of postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs), along with a decrease in spine density. Noticeably, sEPSCs amplitude decrease was absent in slices prepared from PLX5622 microglia-depleted mice, suggesting that this time-dependent effect on synaptic transmission is microglia-dependent. Our findings highlight possible causal relation between microglia phenotypic changes in the hours following slice preparation and concomitant synaptic changes, pointing to the mechanisms of acute synaptic modulation, whose understanding is crucial for unraveling microglia-neurons interplay in nature. Furthermore, they emphasize the potential issues associated with experimental time windows in ex vivo samples.
αvβ6-integrin targeted PET/CT imaging in pancreatic cancer patients using 68Ga-Trivehexin
Authors: Rehm Jana , Winzer Robert , Pretze Marc , Müller Juliane , Notni Johannes , Hempel Sebastian , Distler Marius , Folprecht Gunnar , Kotzerke Jörg
Published: November 2024

Purpose

68Ga-Trivehexin is a PET tracer targeting αvβ6-integrin, a transmembrane receptor that is frequently expressed by pancreatic cancer cells. This study aimed to determine the biokinetics, image contrast, and acquisition parameters for 68Ga-Trivehexin PET imaging in pancreatic cancers.

Methods

44 patients with pancreatic cancer underwent Trivehexin PET/CT between June 2021 and November 2022 (EK-242052023). Biokinetics and -distribution were extracted. Previous imaging follow-up imaging, and histological findings were used as reference standards. A one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc test was conducted. T-tests for subgroups ± chemotherapy prior to PET were performed. Based on dynamic PET data (n = 11) recorded over 45 min, time-activity curves were generated.

Results

68Ga-Trivehexin PET/CT detected 40 pancreatic cancers, SUVmax 12.6; range [5.1–30.8]; 39 liver metastases, SUVmax 7.9 [2.7–16.3]; 21 lymph node metastases, SUVmax 8.6 [2.5–15.0]; 17 peritoneal metastases, SUVmax 9.5 [4.0–16.9] and 14 other metastases, SUVmax 7.2 [2.9–13.1]. Tukey post-hoc analysis revealed significant differences for SUVmax in pancreatic cancer compared to SUVmax in liver metastases [4.74, 95%-CI (1.74, 7.75)], for SUVmax in pancreatic cancer to SUVmax in lymph node metastasis [4.07, 95%-CI (0.47, 7. 67)], for tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR) of liver metastasis to TLR of pancreatic cancer [1.82, 95%-CI (0.83, 2.80)], for TLR of pancreatic cancer to TLR of peritoneal carcinomatoses [−1.88, 95%-CI (−3.15, −0.61)], and TLR of pancreatic cancer to TLR of pleural carcinomatosis [−2.79, 95%-CI (−5.42, −0.18)]. When comparing subgroups ± chemotherapy prior to PET, TLR of pancreatic cancers and TLR of peritoneal carcinomatoses were significantly different. At 45 min p.i., the highest tumor-to-backround (TBR) was observed.

Conclusion

68Ga-Trivehexin is suitable for imaging of αvβ6-integrin expression in pancreatic cancer due to its ability to distinguish primary carcinoma and metastases from background tissue.
The effects of vitamin D levels on physical, mental health, and sleep quality in adults: a comprehensive investigation
Authors: Singh Anurag Kumar , Kumar Sachin , Mishra Shivang , Rajotiya Sumit , Debnath Sourav , Raj Preeti , Bareth Hemant , Singh Mahaveer , Nathiya Deepak , Tomar Balvir Singh
Published: November 2024

Background

Vitamin D, essential hormone for endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine functions. A billion people are deficient globally which contributing to numerous health issues. This study explores the link between vitamin D levels and sleep quality, impacting mental and physical health in adults.

Methods

This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Nims Hospital, Jaipur, involving 484 adults’ participants. Blood samples were collected for serum 25(OH) D measurements. Data were gathered using the SF-36 and ISI questionnaires to assess health and sleep quality.

Results

Higher vitamin D levels were strongly linked to better physical health, including physical function (r = 0.642, p < 0.001), general health (r = 0.560, p < 0.001), and PCS score (r = 0.441, p < 0.001). Vitamin D also positively impacted social functioning (r = 0.096, p = 0.035) and was negatively related to ISI scores (r = −0.112, p = 0.014).

Conclusion

The study highlights a strong link between higher vitamin D levels and improved physical and mental health, with significant negative correlation to ISI scores. This underscores the importance of adequate vitamin D for overall well-being. The findings call for urgent measures to address vitamin D deficiency and further research into its health impacts.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05 in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Ke , Zeng Kaihong , Jin Shanshan , Ma Yu , Cai Limei , Xu Ping , Nie Yang , Luo Li , Yu Qinghua , Liu Changqi
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The goal of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05, as an adjunct to the treatment of acute watery diarrhea in children.

Methods

Eligible diarrheal children were randomized into intervention group (IG, n = 57) and control group (CG, n = 54), and given probiotics or placebo, respectively.

Results

The total duration of diarrhea in the IG (121.4 ± 13.7 h) was significantly shorter than that in the CG (143.9 ± 19.8 h, p < 0.001). More children in the IG showed improvements in diarrhea than those in the CG for both per protocol analysis (70.2 vs. 46.3%, p = 0.01) and intention-to-treat analysis (66.7 vs. 41.7%, p = 0.003). The LL-37 levels in the IG was markedly higher than that in the CG after the intervention (4349.35 ± 1143.86 pg./g vs. 3682.49 ± 869.21 pg./g, p = 0.039). The intervention led to higher abundance of Bifidobacterium longum and lower abundance of Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Bacteroides fragilis (p < 0.05). LRa05 treatment upregulated the functional genes of gut microbiota involving immunity regulation.

Discussion

Administration of the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05 at a dose of 5 × 109 CFU/day to children aged 0-3 years resulted in shorter duration of diarrhea, faster improvement in fecal consistency, and beneficial changes in gut microbiome composition and gene functions.

Clinical trial registration

The present study has been approved and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registration Center with the registration number of ChiCTR2100053700 (https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=141082).
Efficacy and safety of different noninvasive ventilation strategies for postextubation respiratory support in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Jiayi , Mei Hua , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Jie , Huo Mengyue , Xin Chun
Published: November 2024

Objective

The study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of different noninvasive ventilation (NIV) modalities as primary respiratory support following extubation in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS).

Methods

A search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang database, VIP, and Chinese Biomedical Literature databases with a search time limit of April 2024 for the year of construction, and included randomized controlled clinical trials of different modes of noninvasive respiratory support after extubation in NRDS. The primary outcome indicators were the need for re-tracheal intubation within 72 h of extubation on noninvasive ventilatory support and carbon dioxide retention (PCO2) 24 h after extubation. Secondary outcome indicators included the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), nasal injury, pneumothorax, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or periventricular white matter softening (PVL), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and mortality rate. A systematic review and network meta-analysis of the literature was performed by two investigators who screened, extracted, and evaluated the quality of the data. A systematic review and network meta-analysis were then performed using R software.

Results

A total of 23 studies involving 2,331 neonates were analyzed. These studies examined four noninvasive respiratory modalities: continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (NCPAP), noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation (N-BiPAP), and noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV). Results indicated that NHFOV, NIPPV, and N-BiPAP were significantly more effective than NCPAP in reducing the risk of reintubation (all P < 0.05), with NHFOV being the most effective. For carbon dioxide clearance, NHFOV outperformed both NIPPV and NCPAP (P < 0.05). Regarding the reduction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) incidence, NHFOV and NIPPV showed a significant advantage over NCPAP.

Conclusions

This network meta-analysis (NMA) suggested that NHFOV is the most effective mode of noninvasive respiratory support post-extubation, while NCPAP is the least effective. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number and quality of the studies included.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier (CRD42024544886).
Triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes interfering with the metabolic process of specific clinical drugs
Authors: Li Dawei , Lin Yuxin , Lv Xia , Wu Yuzhuo , Han Chaoyan , Cao Peng , Zhang Guixin , Leng Aijing , Zhou Jian , Wang Chao
Published: November 2024

Background

Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), which possesses various biological effects, has been widely used as traditional medicine and functional food in Asian countries, especially China. In consideration of its various biological effects on human healthcare, G. lucidum was usually used in combination with other drugs. However, the potential drug-drug interaction induced by G. lucidum through cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) remain unknown.

Methods

Using the in vivo activity assay of CYPs, the inhibitory effects of G. lucidum and its constituents could be evaluated. The interference of G. lucidum on the metabolic processes of clinical drugs could be investigated. The chemical constituents of G. lucidum could be identified using LC-MS. The interaction between bioactive compounds and CYPs could be proposed through in silico docking analysis and molecular dynamics.

Results

The dichloromethane extract of G. lucidum could inhibit various CYP450 subtypes in vitro and interfere with the pharmacokinetics of four drugs in rats. Triterpenoids were identified as the main constituents of the dichloromethane extract by Q-TOF-MSn in preliminary analyses. Then, a triterpenoid library containing 66 compounds was established to evaluate their inhibitory effects against CYP 1A2, 2D6, 3A4, 2A6, 2B6, 2C9, and 2C19. CYP 1A2 was inhibited by most lanostane triterpenoids, indicating a strong affinity for these compounds. Among triterpenoids, compound 25 displayed a broad inhibitory effect against CYPs, except for CYP 3A4, 2D6, 2C9, and 2C19. Finally, compounds 6 and 25 exhibited interference with the metabolism of 16 drugs through the inhibition of CYPs in vitro. In silico molecular docking analyses for assaying the interaction between compound 25 and CYPs indicated that the hydrogen bonds formed between the hydroxyl groups and amino acid residues.

Conclusion

G. lucidum displayed broad inhibitory effects on CYPs, with triterpenoids as the main bioactive constituents, which may induce potential drug-drug interaction. This information should be helpful for the rational use of G. lucidum in promoting human health.
Dynamics of stand density and self-thinning in Chinese fir plantations: theoretical insights and empirical validation
Authors: Long Shisheng , Zeng Siqi , Wang Guangxing
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Stand density management is essential for adaptive silviculture, thinning decisions, growth modeling, and yield prediction in forestry, particularly for plantations. Despite extensive research on self-thinning rules and the maximum size-density law, significant gaps remain in the biophysical understanding and validation of the relationships among key stand variables and parameters.

Methods

This study theoretically explored and validated the relationship between maximum size-density and two key metrics: average diameter at breast height (D) and tree height (H). We used time-series data from a 30-year clear-cut, fully stocked Chinese fir plantation, a fast-growing commercial species in China, for validation.

Results

A growth balance status for fully stocked stands was proposed, wherein prior to self-thinning, the growth rate of the stand basal area (G) aligns with that of the average tree height (H), expressed as G'/(G−b0)=H'/H and approaching a constant slope, b1. Generalized maximum size-density and stand density index (SDI) equations were developed: N1.0=A×D−2 and SDI=A⋅D−2 with A=4×(b0+b1H)/π, differing from traditional equations. Additionally, a generalized self-thinning equation, v=kHqN1.0−1 or w=c1HqN1.0−1, was introduced, indicating that in fully stocked stands, tree volume or biomass depends on both tree height and tree count.

Discussion

These findings advance understanding of the maximum size-density law and self-thinning boundary, providing refined tools for managing stand density in Chinese fir plantations.
Systematic characterization of extracellular vesicles from potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Laura) roots and peels: biophysical properties and proteomic profiling
Authors: Ekanayake Gayandi , Piibor Johanna , Midekessa Getnet , Godakumara Kasun , Dissanayake Keerthie , Andronowska Aneta , Bhat Rajeev , Fazeli Alireza
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate inter and intra-species/kingdom communication through biomolecule transfer, including proteins and small RNAs. Plant-derived EVs, a hot topic in the field, hold immense capability both as a potential biomarker to study plant physiology and as a biomaterial that can be mass-produced to be used in various industries ranging from cosmetics and food additives to biological pesticides. However, a systematic characterization of plant EVs is required to establish a foundation for further applications and studies.

Methods

In this study, EVs were enriched from hydroponically cultivated potato plants (Solanum tuberosum, cv. Laura). We isolated EVs from root exudates and the apoplastic wash of potato peels using vacuum infiltration. These EVs were then systematically characterized for their biophysical and chemical properties to compare with standard EV characteristics and to explore their roles in plant physiology.

Results

Biophysical and chemical analyses revealed morphological similarities between potato root and peel-derived EVs. The average diameter of root-derived EVs (164.6 ± 7.3 nm) was significantly larger than that of peel-derived EVs (132.2 ± 2.0 nm, p < 0.004). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) demonstrated substantial protein enrichment in purified EVs compared to crude samples, with a 42% enrichment for root EVs and 25% for peel EVs. Only 11.8% of the identified proteins were common between root and peel EVs, with just 2% of significantly enriched proteins shared. Enriched pathways in both EV proteomes were associated with responses to biotic and abiotic stress, suggesting a defensive role of EVs in plants.

Discussion

With further experimentation to elucidate the specific methods of communication, these findings increase the details known about plant EVs in terms of their physical and chemical characteristics and their potential functions, aiding in sustainable agricultural waste utilization for large-scale EV production, aligning with the concept of “valorization”.
Seasonal changes of mineral nutrient absorption and allocation in the branch and leaf of Zanthoxylum bungeanum ‘Hanyuan’ during the fruit development
Authors: Lu Shuaijie , Xv Jing , Gong Yuanjia , Gong Wei , Hui Wenkai , Qiu Jing , Zhai Yafang , Wang Jingyan
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The dynamic changes of mineral nutrients in the leaf and branch of Zanthoxylum bungeanum ‘Hanyuan’ during fruit development can serve as a basis for nutrient diagnosis and scientific fertilization.

Methods

The content of Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in the branch and leaf were measured using current-year shoots of 10-year-old Z. bungeanum ‘Hanyuan’ during the fruit development period, and the corresponding nutrient content in soil of the orchard were also determined to explore the nutrient demand patterns of Z. bungeanum ‘Hanyuan’ trees.

Results

Both branch and leaf exhibited relatively high levels of various nutrients during the early stages of fruit growth, then declined temporarily. At fruit maturity, the content of Ca and K in branches was the highest, while the content of Ca and N in leaves was the highest. At fruit maturity, the average nutrient content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the branches and leaves were 17.25 g/kg, 1.99 g/kg, 18.84 g/kg, 26.14 g/kg, 3.69 g/kg, 215.61 mg/kg, 248.85 mg/kg, 13.08 mg/kg, and 53.77 mg/kg. The N, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn content in the branches and leaves significantly correlated with those nutrients content in the soil.

Discussion

The appropriate period for nutrient diagnosis of Z. bungeanum is 39−86 d after flowering (AF), with the critical period for branch and leaf nutrient requirements being 1−39 d AF. This provides a basis for nutrient supplements in Z. bungeanum ‘Hanyuan’ orchards management.
Controlling the narrative: the relationship between narrative ability and executive functioning in children with developmental language disorder
Authors: Janssen Lonneke , Scheper Annette , Vissers Constance
Published: November 2024

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) experience problems in language comprehension and/or production. In particular, storytelling or narrative ability is often impaired, as this type of discourse involves all domains of language. These problems may lead to a lower quality of social interaction and mental health. Moreover, problems in oral narrative ability during early development have a negative effect on later literacy. However, telling a story involves more than language alone. Executive functioning is thought to play an important part in stimulating narrative ability, as linguistic utterances need to be planned in a temporal and causal order, and switching is needed between multiple characters and events in the story. Research has shown that children with DLD experience problems with executive functioning, independent of their language ability. Thus, the difficulties in storytelling may be caused by both impaired language and executive functioning, as both domains follow hierarchical developmental paths during the early childhood years. In this review, we discuss three components of narrative ability (comprehension, production of macrostructure and production of microstructure) and how they may be interconnected to the three core components of executive functioning (working memory, switching and inhibition) and attention. This review shows that updating and monitoring information in working memory plays an important part in all three components of narrative ability, across multiple studies. This result may give direction in the development of narrative assessment and intervention, and urge further research to disentangle the interplay between language and executive control in DLD.
Adequate antenatal care service utilizations after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wondmeneh Temesgen Gebeyehu , Solomon Tadesse Zelalem
Published: November 2024

Background

The world faces great difficulty in continuing to provide essential maternity health care after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic Many women have trouble accessing maternity healthcare due to fear of infection. A decline in the utilization of maternity health services is suggested to worsen adequate antenatal care service utilization. Thus, this study aimed to determine the pooled estimate of adequate antenatal care service utilization after the onset of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.

Methods

The searching of articles was carried out on Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CINHAL, Google Scholar, African journals online, and the institutional repository of Ethiopian universities. Using a Microsoft Excel standardized spreadsheet, the data were extracted. A random effect model was used to determine a pooled estimate of adequate antenatal care utilization. I2 statistics were used to quantify the amount of heterogeneity. The evidence of publication bias was examined using Egger's regression test and a visual inspection of the funnel plot. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also carried out.

Results

Finally, this systematic review and meta-analysis included 11 eligible articles. The overall pooled estimate of adequate antenatal care service utilization after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia was 46.28% (95% CI: 35.32%−57.26%). There is a substantial amount of heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 99.07%, p < 0.001). Pregnant women who visited antenatal care early were 10.9 times more likely to have adequate antenatal care utilization than those without early visits (AOR = 10.93, 95% CI: 7.2–14.66).

Conclusion

In this review, the percentage of women who utilized adequate antenatal care after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia was less than half. Early antenatal care visit is an important factor to achieve adequate antenatal care service utilizations.

Systematic review registration

: CRD42023495279.
The crowding-out effect of physical fitness activities on medical expenditure in the aged group
Authors: Liu Tao , Yao Yujiao , Yang Zhandong , Li Kaigeng , Yu Tao , Xia Yalong
Published: November 2024

Introduction

China is facing the challenge of “deep aging”, and promoting healthy aging has become a key research topic. Both medical care and physical exercise are important for health, but while medical services focus on treating illness, physical fitness activities focus on prevention, making them a more effective approach for promoting healthy aging.

Methods

This study uses data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), focusing on individuals aged 60 to 80, to investigate the relationship between physical fitness activities and medical expenditures. A Tobit model was employed to analyze the data.

Results

(1) Active participation in physical fitness activities significantly improves the health of older adults, making physical activity an essential pathway to achieve healthy aging. (2) Participation in sports and fitness activities leads to a crowding-out effect on medical expenditures, significantly reducing healthcare costs for participants. (3) High-intensity physical activities are most suitable for individuals aged 60-65, moderate-intensity activities for those aged 66-70, and low-intensity activities for those aged 71–80.

Discussion

(1) Policies should focus on raising awareness of physical fitness benefits among older adults, encouraging regular physical activity to improve health and reduce medical costs. (2) A shift from treatment to prevention in health management is needed, promoting exercise as a cost-effective way to reduce healthcare spending. (3) Age-specific fitness guidelines should be developed to provide tailored exercise recommendations for different older aldult age groups.
Risk factors for cognitive decline in older Chinese adults: the impact of social activity on the relationship between hearing, functional mobility, and cognition
Authors: Wang Hao , Chen Dan , Hu Daling , Tian Fangyuan , Dai Meifen , Zhang Shuangyan , Jin Liyu
Published: November 2024

Objective

Hearing and functional mobility impairments are recognized as risk factors for cognitive decline in older adults, yet the causal relationship underlying these associations is not well-understood. This study aims to explore whether engagement in social activities mediates the link between hearing or functional mobility impairment and cognitive decline.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was carried out in two cities in Jiangsu Province, Eastern China. Participants self-reported hearing impairment and social activity engagement, whereas functional mobility impairment was assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT). Cognitive function was evaluated through the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Logistic regression analysis explored factors influencing cognitive function, and mediation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between hearing or functional mobility impairment and cognitive decline.

Results

The study included 10,217 adults aged 60 and above. Among them, 19.35% reported hearing impairment, while 40.86% failed the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT). The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) indicated a 30.40% prevalence of cognitive decline. Logistic regression analysis identified significant associations of cognitive function with factors such as gender, age, education level, residency, living arrangement, hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular disease, alcohol consumption, smoking, Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), social activity, hearing, and functional mobility (p < 0.01). Mediation analysis, after adjusting for confounders, showed that social activity engagement partially mediated the impact of functional mobility impairment on cognitive decline (indirect effect: −0.0947, 95% Bootstrapped CI: −0.1228, −0.0695; proportion of total effect: 11.635%, p < 0.01). However, no mediation effect was observed in the relationship between self-reported hearing impairment and cognitive decline.

Conclusion

This study revealed that social activity engagement plays a mediating role in the relationship between functional mobility and cognitive function, but it does not significantly influence the relationship between self-reported hearing impairment and cognitive decline. These findings suggest that social activity engagement could be a crucial factor in preventing cognitive deterioration among older adults with functional mobility impairments.
You (and Your Grandkids) Are What You Eat!
Authors: Saldivar González Fernanda I. , Medina-Franco José L.
Published: November 2024

Food is more than just fuel. On one hand, it is a way to show love and care, and it holds stories from the people around us, our ancestors, and their traditions. On the other hand, food also influences how we feel and perceive ourselves. The more we understand the ways foods can change how our bodies work, the more we can understand how our diets and our health are related. In recent years, scientists have found that foods like broccoli, green tea, peanuts, berries, and grapes can actually, change our gene activity. They have also done experiments to understand how these changes can be passed from mothers to babies, generation after generation. Thanks to computers, we have learned a lot about health, the science behind food, and nutrition education.