bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of phase response of fiber Fabry-Pérot cavity microphones
Authors: Cheng Jin , Ren Baokai , Zhao Longjiang , Yu Changkun , Qin Lei , Zou Xiaoping , Tan Yidong
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the phase response of fiber Fabry–Pérot cavity-based fiber optic microphones (FFPC-FOMs) is discussed through an analysis of the results of simulation and experiments. The phase difference of FFPC-FOMs mainly originates from two aspects: different phase lags of the mechanical-acoustic systems and different quadrature working points (Q*) on interference curves. The former is analyzed by an impedance-type analogous circuit, and the simulation results reveal that the change in cavity length and resonance frequency in a large range have an insignificant influence on the phase difference. The latter shows a unique effect on the phase difference and causes the phase of FFPC-FOMs to be either in or out of phase. The phase differences of four samples of FFPC-FOMs with different cavity lengths and resonance frequencies are measured in the frequency range 50 Hz–4 kHz. Experimental results of the phase difference are well consistent with simulation results. All samples of FFPC-FOMs can be divided into two groups: one is near 0° and the other is near 180°. In addition, the FFPC-FOMs in each group have good phase consistency for the array applications.
Utility of an Isometric Midthigh Pull Test to Assess Lower Body Muscular Strength in Professional Netball Players
Authors: Hogarth Luke , McKean Mark , McKenzie Max , Collings Tyler
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This study established the relationship between isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) peak force and court-based jumping, sprinting, and change of direction (COD) performance in professional netball players. The change in IMTP peak force in response to sport-specific training was also examined. Methods: IMTP peak force and court-based jumping, sprinting, and COD were collected in 18 female athletes contracted to a Suncorp Super Netball team. Linear regression models established the relationship between absolute and normalized strength values and court-based performance measures in the participant cohort. Changes in IMTP peak force and court-based performance measures were examined following 2 consecutive preseason training blocks in a subset of participants. Results: The IMTP peak force values normalized to body mass were found to be determinants of court-based jumping, sprinting, and COD performance in the participant cohort (R2 = .34–.65, P ≤ .016). The participants showed increases in absolute (mean ± SE = 398 ± 68.5 N, P < .001, Hedge g = 0.70 [−0.05 to 1.35]) and normalized IMTP peak force (mean ± SE = 4.6 ± 0.78 N·kg−1, P < .001, Hedge g = 0.47 [−0.04 to 0.97]) over 2 consecutive training blocks that coincided with improvements in jumping, sprinting, and COD performances. Conclusion: IMTP peak force is a determinant of court-based jumping, sprinting, and COD performance and is sensitive to training in professional netball players. These results support the utility of the IMTP test to monitor the development and maintenance of maximal lower body muscular strength in these athletes.
A Novel Transdermal Application for Clearing Skin Colonization by Candida auris
Authors: Ghannoum M. , Herrada J. , McCormick T. S. , Long L.
Published: February 2021

Candida auris
has demonstrated the ability to colonize the skin of hospitalized patients, possibly contributing to nosocomial spread. The objective of this study was to determine whether two novel transdermal agents could clear skin colonization established by
C. auris
.
EloR Interacts with the Lytic Transglycosylase MltG at Midcell in Streptococcus pneumoniae R6
Authors: Winther Anja Ruud , Kjos Morten , Herigstad Marie Leangen , Håvarstein Leiv Sigve , Straume Daniel
Published: February 2021

Bacterial cell division has been a successful target for antimicrobial agents for decades. How different pathogens regulate cell division is, however, poorly understood.
Inside the Undergraduate Immunology Classroom: Current Practices that Provide a Framework for Curriculum Consensus†
Authors: Bruns Heather A. , Wisenden Brian D. , Vanniasinkam Thiru , Taylor Rebekah T. , Elliott Samantha L. , Sparks-Thissen Rebecca L. , Justement Louis B. , Pandey Sumali
Published: February 2021

Although immunological research has become increasingly important in recent decades for understanding infectious and immune-mediated diseases, immunological pedagogy at the undergraduate level has lagged behind in reports of evidence-based scholarship. To address the need for a renewed emphasis on immunology education and to describe the current status of undergraduate education in immunology, an online survey of instructors with experience in teaching immunology was conducted.
Progressive silicone lymphadenopathy post mastectomy and implant reconstruction for breast cancer
Authors: Chae Raphael Park , Tsao Simon Chang-Hao , Baker Caroline Blanche , Lippey Jocelyn
Published: February 2021

A 56-year-old woman with a 12-year history of recurrent triple-negative invasive carcinoma of the breast presented with progressive enlargement of lymph nodes in the setting of established rupture of the ipsilateral silicone breast implant. Although this was proven to be benign on cytology, its progressive nature led to repeated core biopsies for histology, which were necessary given the high-risk nature of triple-negative breast cancer and the multiple proven previous recurrences. The histology demonstrated features of silicone deposits without evidence of malignancy. This case demonstrates the dilemma in surveillance of high-risk patients with breast cancer who have had previous silicone lymphadenopathy.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in association with cabergoline therapy
Authors: Saleh Zia , Koshy Susan , Sidhu Vaninder , Opgenorth Andrea , Senaratne Janek
Published: February 2021

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare but increasingly recognised cause of acute coronary syndrome. While numerous risk factors are associated with SCAD, one potential cause is coronary artery vasospasm. The use of cabergoline—an ergot derivative and dopamine agonist that may induce vasospasm—has been associated with SCAD in one other case report worldwide. Here, we describe SCAD in a 37-year-old woman on long-term cabergoline therapy with no other cardiac risk factors. Cabergoline-induced SCAD should be considered in patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome who are treated with this medication.
Rare thymopharyngeal duct cyst presentation in an adult patient
Authors: Wahi Jessica Emilia , Delgado Ruben , Medina Ana Maria , Mesko Thomas
Published: February 2021

Retained thymic tissue may occur anywhere along the path of descent of the thymus. Cervical thymic cysts are a rare cause of benign neck masses. Thymopharyngeal duct cysts are thymic cysts that span the length of the neck and extend towards the mediastinum. These lesions are rare and classically have been described in paediatric patients. Here, we present the case of a 23-year-old woman with a left-sided neck mass, which was found to be a thymopharyngeal duct cyst. Multiple analytic modalities including the clinical presentation, imaging, operative findings and histology were required to confirm the diagnosis and are discussed below.
Effects of barley and corn as sources of silage and grain on dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, and total-tract digestibility in growing beef heifers
Authors: Sutherland B.D. , Johnson J.A. , McKinnon J.J. , McAllister T.A. , Penner G.B.
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of barley (BS) or corn (CS) silage when fed with dry-rolled barley grain (BG), corn grain (CG), or an equal blend (BCG) of BG and CG for backgrounding cattle. Ruminally cannulated heifers (n = 5) were assigned to an incomplete 6 × 6 Latin square design. Treatments contained either BS or CS in combination with BG, CG, or BCG. Samples were collected to determine dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, total-tract nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen (N) balance. Interactions between cereal silage and cereal grain sources were detected for the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate where the magnitude of change with the type of cereal grain was increased in heifers fed CS relative to BS. Feeding CS increased estimated microbial N production (silage, P = 0.022) and fecal N excretion (silage, P = 0.042) over BS. Diets containing BG had greater dry matter, organic matter, starch, and gross energy digestibility values compared with CG, but values for BCG were not different (grain, P ≤ 0.043). Based on limited silage × grain interactions, use of CS in backgrounding diets may increase microbial N production relative to BS and dry-rolled CG may reduce apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility relative to dry-rolled BG.
Methodology for seismic risk screening of existing buildings in Canada: Structural scoring system
Authors: Fathi-Fazl Reza , Cai Zhen , Jacques Eric , Cortés-Puentes W. Leonardo
Published: February 2021

The National Research Council Canada recently developed a Semi-Quantitative Seismic Risk Screening Tool (SQST) for seismic risk screening of existing buildings in Canada. This paper presents the structural scoring system that is part of the SQST. The structural scoring methodology is based on FEMA P-154, but has been substantially modified to suit Canadian seismicity and seismic design and construction practices. Structural scores are obtained by adding structural basic scores and applicable score modifiers. For an existing building, a structural basic score is determined by calculating the probability of collapse on the basis of a number of assumptions. Then a series of score modifiers are calculated to address the effects of applicable building characteristics on the building’s seismic performance. The structural score is compared with an acceptable structural threshold to determine whether the structural seismic risk is acceptable. The objective of the structural scoring system is to ensure an acceptable and consistent seismic risk in building portfolios while minimizing life safety threats.
Big runs of little fish: first estimates of run size and exploitation in an amphidromous postlarvae fishery
Authors: Engman Augustin C. , Kwak Thomas J. , Fischer Jesse R.
Published: February 2021

Amphidromous postlarvae fisheries (APFs) constitute a globally widespread and distinctive class of fishery that is largely unknown to fisheries science. APFs harvest ocean-to-river migrating fishes at smaller sizes and younger ages than any other class of fishery. No quantitative estimates of run size and exploitation exist, which are needed to evaluate APF sustainability. Migrating amphidromous fishes are vectors of marine nutrients to estuaries and rivers, and run size quantification is needed to reveal the magnitude of this ecosystem function. We present a novel adaptation of trapezoidal area under the curve methods, which we apply in a Caribbean case study to yield the first simultaneous estimates of an APF run size and harvest. Run size estimates ranged 7.3–9.4 million postlarvae (926–1184 kg), and exploitation estimates (5.8%–7.0%) indicated low harvest in the Río Grande de Arecibo, Puerto Rico. Our representative run size estimates reveal that amphidromous postlarvae transport hundreds of kilograms of biomass per month to an estuary and river, the first empirical evidence that amphidromous migrations are large-magnitude material subsidies of lotic ecosystems.
The impact of nonminimal universal extra dimensional model on $$\Delta B=2$$ transitions
Authors: Shaw Avirup
Published: February 2021

We measure the impact of nonvanishing boundary localised terms on $$\Delta B=2$$

Δ
B
=
2

transitions in five-dimensional Universal Extra Dimensional scenario where masses and coupling strengths of several interactions of Kaluza–Klein modes are significantly modified with respect to the minimal counterpart. In such scenario we estimate the Kaluza–Klein contributions of quarks, gauge bosons and charged Higgs by evaluating the one-loop box diagrams that are responsible for the $$\Delta B=2$$

Δ
B
=
2

transitions. Using the loop function (obtained from one-loop box diagrams) we determine several important elements that are involved in Wolfenstein parametrisation. Moreover, with these elements we also study the geometrical shape of unitarity triangle. Besides, we compute the quantity $$\Delta M_s$$

Δ

M
s

scaled by the corresponding Standard Model value. Outcomes of our theoretical predictions have been compared to the allowed ranges of the corresponding observables simultaneously. Our current analysis shows that, depending on the parameters in this scenario the lower limit on the inverse of the radius of compactification can reach to an appreciable large value ($$\approx 1.48$$

≈
1.48

TeV or even higher).
Learning to Model G-Quadruplexes: Current Methods and Perspectives
Authors: Ortiz de Luzuriaga Iker , Lopez Xabier , Gil Adrià
Published: February 2021

G-quadruplexes have raised considerable interest during the past years for the development of therapies against cancer. These noncanonical structures of DNA may be found in telomeres and/or oncogene promoters, and it has been observed that the stabilization of such G-quadruplexes may disturb tumor cell growth. Nevertheless, the mechanisms leading to folding and stabilization of these G-quadruplexes are still not well established, and they are the focus of much current work in this field. In seminal works, stabilization was observed to be produced by cations. However, subsequent studies showed that different kinds of small molecules, from planar and nonplanar organic molecules to square-planar and octahedral metal complexes, may also lead to the stabilization of G-quadruplexes. Thus, the comprehension and rationalization of the interaction of these small molecules with G-quadruplexes are also important topics of current interest in medical applications. To shed light on the questions arising from the literature on the formation of G-quadruplexes, their stabilization, and their interaction with small molecules, synergies between experimental studies and computational works are needed. In this review, we mainly focus on in silico approaches and provide a broad compilation of different leading studies carried out to date by different computational methods. We divide these methods into twomain categories: ( a) classical methods, which allow for long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations and the corresponding analysis of dynamical information, and ( b) quantum methods (semiempirical, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics, and density functional theory methods), which allow for the explicit simulation of the electronic structure of the system but, in general, are not capable of being used in long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations and, therefore, give a more static picture of the relevant processes.
Identification of a Two‐m6A RNA Methylation Regulator Risk Signature as an Independent Prognostic Biomarker in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma by Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Yang Feilong , Zhao Guojiang , Ge Liyuan , Song Yimeng , Hong Kai , Zhang Hongxian , Liu Cheng , Hong Peng , Ma Lulin
Published: February 2021

N6‐Methyladenosine (m6A), the most common form of mRNA modification, is dynamically regulated by the m6A RNA methylation regulators, which play an important role in regulating the gene expression and phenotype in both health and disease. However, the role of m6A in papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is unknown. The purpose of this work is to investigate the prognostic value of m6A RNA methylation regulators in pRCC; thus, we can build a risk score model based on m6A RNA methylation regulators as a risk signature for predicting the prognosis of pRCC. Here, we investigated the expression and corresponding clinical data by bioinformatic analysis based on 289 pRCC tissues and 32 normal kidney tissues obtained from TCGA database. As a result, we identified the landscape of m6A RNA methylation regulators in pRCC. We grouped all pRCC patients into two clusters by consensus clustering to m6A RNA methylation regulators, but we found that the clusters were not correlated to the prognosis and clinicopathological features of pRCC. Therefore, we additionally built a two‐m6A RNA methylation regulator risk score model as a risk signature by the univariate Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression. The risk signature was constructed as follows: 0.031HNRNPC + 0.199KIAA1429. It revealed that the risk score was associated with the clinicopathological features such as pT status and pN status of pRCC. More importantly, the risk score was an independent prognostic marker for pRCC patients. Thus, m6A RNA methylation regulators contributed to the malignant progression of pRCC influencing its prognosis.
Software Birthmark Usability for Source Code Transformation Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Guan Keqing , Nazir Shah , Kong Xianli , Rehman Sadaqat ur
Published: February 2021

Source code transformation is a way in which source code of a program is transformed by observing any operation for generating another or nearly the same program. This is mostly performed in situations of piracy where the pirates want the ownership of the software program. Various approaches are being practiced for source code transformation and code obfuscation. Researchers tried to overcome the issue of modifying the source code and prevent it from the people who want to change the source code. Among the existing approaches, software birthmark was one of the approaches developed with the aim to detect software piracy that exists in the software. Various features are extracted from software which are collectively termed as “software birthmark.” Based on these extracted features, the piracy that exists in the software can be detected. Birthmarks are considered to insist on the source code and executable of certain programming languages. The usability of software birthmark can protect software by any modification or changes and ultimately preserve the ownership of software. The proposed study has used machine learning algorithms for classification of the usability of existing software birthmarks in terms of source code transformation. The K-nearest neighbors (K-NN) algorithm was used for classification of the software birthmarks. For cross-validation, the algorithms of decision rules, decomposition tree, and LTF-C were used. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed research.
Antiobesity Effect of a Novel Herbal Formulation LI85008F in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Choi Hak Joo , Kim Hwa Young , Park Kyoung Sik
Published: February 2021

A variety of natural products have been explored for their antiobesity potential and widely used to develop dietary supplements for the prevention of weight gain from excess body fat. In an attempt to find a natural antiobesity agent, this study was designed to evaluate the antiobesity activity of a novel herbal formulation LI85008F composed of extracts from three medicinal plants in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice. After the thirteen-week oral administration of the test materials to mice, the body weight gain, whole-body fat mass, adipose tissue weight, and the expression levels of obesity-related proteins were measured. Our results indicated that LI85008F can suppress body weight gain and lower whole-body fat mass in HFD-induced obese mice. Significant decreases in epididymal and retroperitoneal fat mass were observed in LI85008F-treated groups compared with the HFD-fed control group (

p
<
0.05

). Furthermore, the oral administration of LI85008F caused significant decreases in the expression level of adipogenic (C/EBPα and PPARγ) and lipogenic (ACC) markers and notable increases in the production level of thermogenetic (AMPKα, PGC1α and UCP1) and lipolytic (HSL) proteins. These findings suggest that LI85008F holds great promise for a novel herbal formulation with antiobesity activities, preventing body fat accumulation and altering lipid metabolism.
Long-Term Strength of Porous Geomaterials by a Micromechanical Model considering Alternate Wetting and Drying Condition
Authors: Zhang Jin , Fu Shirong , Ni Tao , Han Bei , Shi Chong
Published: February 2021

This study is devoted to determining the long-term strength of porous geomaterials under alternate wetting and drying condition by statical shakedown analysis. In the framework of micromechanics of porous materials, Gurson’s hollow sphere model with Drucker-Prager solid matrix is adopted as the representative volume element. The effects of alternate wetting and drying are considered as variable water pressure imposed on the inner boundary surface of the unit cell. The cyclic responses are separated as a pure hydrostatic part under compressive/tensive loads and an additional deviatoric part to capture shear effects. The reduction of the long-term strength due to inner water pressure is observed by the illustration of obtained macroscopic criteria with respect to various load parameters. In addition, the accuracy of the analytical solution is also verified by comparing to the results of FEM-based step-by-step computations.
Blockchain‐Based DNS Root Zone Management Decentralization for Internet of Things
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Wenfeng , Xia Zhongda , Wang Zhongze , Liu Lu , Zhang Weizhe , Zhang Hongli , Fang Binxing
Published: February 2021

Domain Name System (DNS) is a widely used infrastructure for remote control and batch management of IoT devices. As a critical Internet infrastructure, DNS is structured as a tree‐like hierarchy with single root zone authority at the top, which puts the operation of DNS at risk from single point of failure. The current root zone management is lack of transparency and accountability, since only the root zone file is published as the final outcome of operations inside the root zone authority. Towards distributed root zone operation in DNS, this paper presents a blockchain‐based root operation architecture—RootChain, composed of multiple root servers. On the basis of maintaining the single root authority for top‐level domain (TLD), RootChain decentralizes TLD data publication by empowering delegated TLD authorities to publish authenticated data directly. The transparency and accountability of root zone operation are attained by smart‐contracting the whole life cycle of TLD operation and logging all operations on the chain. RootChain is transparent to recursive/stub resolver and DNS/DNSSEC‐compatible. A proof‐of‐concept prototype of RootChain has been implemented with Hyperledger Fabric and evaluated by experiments.
Trustworthy Jammer Selection with Truth‐Telling for Wireless Cooperative Systems
Authors: Wen Yingkun , Jing Tao , Gao Qinghe
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we propose a trustworthy friendly jammer selection scheme with truth‐telling for wireless cooperative systems. We first utilize the reverse auction scheme to enforce truth‐telling as the dominant strategy for each candidate friendly jammer. Specifically, we consider two auction cases: (1) constant power (CP) case and (2) the utility of the BS maximization (UBM) case. In both cases, the reverse auction scheme enforces truth‐telling as the dominant strategy. Next, we introduce the trust category and trust degree to evaluate the trustworthiness of each Helper transmitter (Helper‐Tx). Specifically, an edge controller calculates the reputation value of each Helper‐Tx periodically using an additive‐increase multiplicative‐decrease algorithm by observing its jamming behavior. With the historical reputation values, the edge controller (EC) classifies a Helper‐Tx into one of four trust categories and calculates its trust degree. Then, the EC selects the best Helper‐Tx based on the trust category and trust degree. Lastly, we present numerical results to demonstrate the performance of our proposed jammer selection scheme.
Measurement of Countable Compactness and Lindelöf Property in RL‐Fuzzy Topological Spaces
Authors: Zhang Xiongwei , Alshammari Ibtesam , Ghareeb A.
Published: February 2021

Based on the concepts of pseudocomplement of L‐subsets and the implication operator where L is a completely distributive lattice with order‐reversing involution, the definition of countable RL‐fuzzy compactness degree and the Lindelöf property degree of an L‐subset in RL‐fuzzy topology are introduced and characterized. Since L‐fuzzy topology in the sense of Kubiak and Šostak is a special case of RL‐fuzzy topology, the degrees of RL‐fuzzy compactness and the Lindelöf property are generalizations of the corresponding degrees in L‐fuzzy topology.
Debilitating Manifestation of a Disease with Multiple Names: A Severe Case of Sclerosing Mesenteritis
Authors: Klymenko Valeriia , Varughese Reba , Woolley Katherine A , Wetherell Joseph M , Mopuru Haritha , Mensah Edward , Siddiqui Imran
Published: February 2021

Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is a rare inflammatory condition with unknown etiology that affects the mesenteric adipose tissue. We present a case of a 49-year-old male with severe abdominal pain who underwent abdominal biopsy confirming the presence of adipose inflammation and necrosis. The diagnosis of SM was made, and the patient was treated with prednisone and tamoxifen. As this condition is rare, there are no standard guidelines for management. This case aims to outline a possible treatment plan.
Relationship between Team Conflict and Performance in Green Enterprises: A Cross‐Level Model Moderated by Leaders’ Political Skills
Authors: Tu Yanhong , Zhang Leilei
Published: February 2021

It is evident that, being a member of the organization, the team has to cue the influx of the green management concepts. This study focuses on the aspect of team management in green enterprises. Applying leadership theory to sample green enterprises, this paper proposes that political skills of team leadership have moderating effects on the relationship between team conflict (relationship conflict and task conflict) and performance at both the individual and team levels. Empirical data were collected from 85 dyads of leaders and team members in 36 green enterprises in China. It was found that the leaders’ political skills weakened the negative effects of relationship conflict on individual performance and team performance. Further, leaders’ political skills strengthened the positive effects of task conflict on individual and team performance. The results of this study deepen the cognition of two types of team conflict in theory and provide theoretical guidance for green enterprises in carrying out effective team conflict management and practical political skills training for leaders.
Triaxial Mechanical Properties and Micromechanism of Calcareous Sand Modified by Nanoclay and Cement
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Jian , Hu Jun
Published: February 2021

Calcareous sand is developed by the fracture of marine biological skeleton under the impact of seawater. Calcareous sand is not transported in the process of deposition. Therefore, calcareous sand retains the characteristics of marine biological skeleton, low strength, and porous. In order to study the effect of nanoclay and cement on the modification of calcareous sand, a series of tests were carried out on the modified cement calcareous sand (CCS) with different content of nanoclay. In this study, the triaxial mechanical properties and failure modes of nanoclay and cement composite modified calcareous sand (NCCS) were studied through the triaxial UU test. Then, SEM tests were carried out on CCS and NCCS samples, and the micromechanism of nanoclay and cement composite modified Nanhai calcareous sand was analyzed. The results showed that (1) the shear properties of CCS could be improved by adding nanoclay. The optimum admixture ratio of nanoclay was 8%, and its peak stress was 23%-39% higher than that of CCS. (2) The peak stress and strain of NCCS showed a linear correlation. (3) Compared with CCS, the internal friction angle and cohesion of NCCS were increased by 5.2% and 52%, respectively. (4) Nanoclay could improve the compactness and structure of cement calcareous sand, and the macroscopic performance is the improvement of peak stress and cohesion.
New View on the Genesis of the Bashuihe Pluton, Laoshan Granites, China: Indications from Fluid Inclusions and H–O Isotopes
Authors: Liu Huimin , Song Zhaojun , Yan Hongbo , Wang Wenyu , Wang Xinru , Sun Yifang , Li Haonan
Published: February 2021

Oval caves have recently been discovered in the Bashuihe granite pluton of Laoshan Mountain, China. Oval caves typically occur in alkaline granites. This study conducted microthermometry and stable isotope analysis of quartz inclusions from oval caves and host rocks from the Bashuihe pluton to reconstruct the diagenetic evolutionary history of the Laoshan area. The temperature measurement results indicated a homogenisation temperature range from 162.5 to 261.6°C (mean 203.9°C), a salinity range of 2.1–8.3 wt% (mean 5.07 wt%), and a density range of 0.8–0.98 g/cm3 (mean 0.90 g/cm3), indicating a low-temperature, low-salinity, and low-density fluid. The emplacement depth ranged from 2.73 km to 4.43 km, indicating medium-shallow granite. A hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis (

δ
D
=
−
83.58
–
−
67.17

,

δ

18

O

H

2

O

=
0.83
–
0.39

) revealed that the diagenetic fluids of the Bashuihe pluton represented a mixed hydrothermal solution composed of meteoric water and magmatic water. The results of a whole rock, H–O isotopes, rare earth element, and high field strength element analysis on the Laoshan alkali granites suggest significant hydrothermal activity in the late stage of magmatism. Primary oval caves in the Bashuihe pluton most likely evolved in the following sequence: fluid was enriched in the late diagenetic stage, diagenetic minerals crystallised under low temperature and pressure conditions, the crystallisation rate accelerated, and the magma condensed rapidly. Moreover, the increase in magma fluid enabled the movement and convergence of fluid. The accumulated fluid and volatiles occupied more space, and rapid magma condensation trapped the accumulated fluid and volatiles in the pluton, forming the oval granite cave. This research provides a crucial theoretical reference for the development and utilisation of underground space and engineering buildings in granite regions.
Zombie Follower Recognition Based on Industrial Chain Feature Analysis
Authors: Tang Juan , Xu Hualu , Cheng Pengsen , Liu Jiayong , Huang Cheng , Tang Xun
Published: February 2021

Zombie followers, a type of bot, are longstanding entities in Sina Weibo. Although the features and detection of zombie followers have been extensively studied, zombie followers are continuously increasing in social networks and gradually developing into a large-scale industry. In this study, we analyze the features of eight groups of zombie followers from different companies. The findings indicate that although zombie followers controlled by different companies vary greatly, some industries may be controlled by the same organization. Based on the feature analysis, we use multiple machine learning methods to detect zombie followers, and the results show that zombie follower groups with short registration time are more easily detected. The detection accuracy of zombie followers that have been cultivated for a long duration is low. Moreover, the richer the feature sets, the higher the recall, precision, and F1 of their detection results will be. Under a given rich feature set, the accuracy of the combined-group detection is not as high as that of the single-group detection. The random forest achieves the highest accuracy in both single- and combined-group detections, yielding 99.14% accuracy in the latter case.
Organic Matter Accumulation Mechanism in the Lower Cambrian Strata from Well Luntan 1 in the Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Deng Qian , Zhang Haizu , Wang Haozhe , Wei Zhiwei , Cheng Bin , Li Shida , Wang Yunpeng , Faboya Oluwabamise Lekan , Liao Zewen
Published: February 2021

A large amount of light crude oils have been found within 4000 to 7000 m deep strata of Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, NW China. To enhance the understanding of parental materials of deep oils, a set of high-quality source rocks from the Yuertusi Formation in well Luntan 1 (maximum drilling depth of 8882 m) was studied in terms of their sedimentary condition and mechanism of organic matter enrichment. Total organic carbon (TOC) content, carbon isotope of kerogen (δ13Cker), and major and trace elements of the rocks from the Sinian Qigebulake, Cambrian Yuertusi, and Xiaoerbulake Formations in well Luntan 1 were analysed. The results showed that the δ13Cker value of the Yuertusi Formation barely changed with an average of -31.19‰. High TOC contents accompanied by enrichments of the bioessential trace elements, such as cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc, occurred in the lower part of the Yuertusi Formation. Excess barium (Baxs) and phosphorus concentrations revealed high primary productivity during the deposition of the Yuertusi Formation. Moreover, variations in the enrichment factors of molybdenum, uranium, and vanadium and molybdenum-uranium covariation pattern indicated suboxic-anoxic conditions in the Qigebulake Formation, anoxic-euxinic conditions in the Yuertusi Formation, and suboxic-oxic conditions in the Xiaoerbulake Formation. The TOC contents were significantly correlated with the paleoproductivity and paleoredox parameters, indicating that high productivity and reducing conditions jointly controlled the organic matter accumulation and preservation in well Luntan 1.
Modified Time-Varying Damage Model with Caputo Fractional Derivative on the Creep Destruction Prediction of Rock Slope
Authors: Zhen Zhi-Xin
Published: February 2021

Based on the consideration of the time effect and connecting with typical instances, the modified Caputo fractional time-varying damage model is proposed in this paper. The parameters of creep constitutive model of slope are determined by using the powerful mathematical software and the influence of the parameters of time varying viscus element and damage element,

α

and

ξ

, on strain are shown. As

α

increases, the strain rates of the first and second stages of creep attenuation and steady-state stages gradually decrease and the strain rate in the acceleration stage is reflected in

ξ

. The fitting curve is in good agreement with the experimental data, which proves that the damage model proposed in this paper is reasonable and accurate. It provides useful reference and guidance for further study of slope creep failure and practical applications.
Simulation Investigation of the Stowing and Deployment Processes of a Self-Deployable Sunshield
Authors: Cao Xu , Xu Yan , Jiang Changhong , Fang Qin , Feng Hao
Published: February 2021

The stowing and deployment processes of a self-deployable sunshield are investigated numerically in this paper. The composition of the self-deployable sunshield is described. Deployed moment theoretical models for lenticular booms are formulated based on the bending theory of curved shell. The numerical analysis method of deployed moment is proposed. Two types of control methods for a fold crease are presented, and a dynamic analysis model considering geometry and nonlinear contact is built. The analysis results indicate that the press flattening method can be used effectively for controlling the fold crease, and the analytical results of the deployed moment are very close to the theoretical results. A stowing and deployment process analysis of the self-deployable sunshield is conducted. Thus, the deployment configurations and the time history curves of the dynamic behaviors are obtained. The results verify the feasibility of the analysis model, and this study can provide technical support for the engineering application of the self-deployable sunshield.
How to Improve Fine Motor Skill Learning in Dentistry
Authors: El-Kishawi Mohamed , Khalaf Khaled , Winning Tracey
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Restorative dental treatment is a complex task involving various procedures which require the development and integration of both theoretical knowledge and fine motor skills. It aims to provide the theoretical background and role of key factors in learning these skills. Materials and Methods. The following electronic databases were searched to identify relevant articles to our topic: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Generic keywords, that is, factors, fine, performance, and dentistry, and MeSH terms, that is, “learning,” “instruction,” “patient simulation,” “motor skills,” “perception,” “tactile,” “neurophysiology,” and “working memory” were used to conduct our comprehensive search. Results and Conclusions. Several techniques are used in performing different restorative procedures in dentistry, that is, root canal preparation, root planning, and minor oral surgery procedures. Mastering these techniques requires a good understanding of the underpinning cognitive, sensory, and neuromuscular processes. Factors including the amount and timing of instructions provided, cognitive abilities, and practice schedule of learning trials may have significant implications on the design of fine motor skill learning exercises.
Cyclic Relatively Nonexpansive Mappings with Respect to Orbits and Best Proximity Point Theorems
Authors: Shanjit Laishram , Rohen Yumnam , Singh K. Anthony
Published: February 2021

In this article, we introduce cyclic relatively nonexpansive mappings with respect to orbits and prove that every cyclic relatively nonexpansive mapping with respect to orbits

T

satisfying

T

A

⊆
B
,
T

B

⊆
A

has a best proximity point. We also prove that Mann’s iteration process for a noncyclic relatively nonexpansive mapping with respect to orbits converges to a fixed point. These relatively nonexpansive mappings with respect to orbits need not be continuous. Some illustrations are given in support of our results.
Stability Monitoring and Deformation Laws of the Yuanjue Cave in the Influence Zone of the Unloading Zone
Authors: Meng Zhigang , Wang Fengnian , Qi Gan , Cui Xuebin , Ma Juan
Published: February 2021

As a representative of cliff-like stone cultural relics, caves are carved on natural mountains and cliffs, which overlap with the influence zone of the geological unloading zone. Cracks in the unloading zone lead to stability issues, including falling blocks, collapse, water seepage, and deformation. This article analyzes the stability of the roof facing the Yuanjue Cave, the cultural heritage site of Dazu Rock Carvings. We systematically analyzed the characteristics of the Yuanjue Cave and established a method to monitor cave stability based on the framework of the protection system. As shown through in-field practice, the monitoring method showed good modularization, construction, and spatial expansion performance in narrow spaces. Taking fracture displacement, roof subsidence, roof denudation rates, and roof pressure as monitoring elements, the method showed high precision over a short timeframe. The deformation law of the surrounding rock mass was also obtained through coupling the analysis of multisource monitoring data in the Yuanjue Cave. The method could integrate protection and monitoring systems, permitting preservation of the Yuanjue Cave and its cultural relics, providing a useful reference for similar cases.
A Comprehensive Review of Infectious Granulomatous Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Amarnath Shivantha , Deeb Liliane , Philipose Jobin , Zheng Xiaomin , Gumaste Vivek
Published: February 2021

A granuloma is defined as a localized inflammatory reaction or a hypersensitive response to a nondegradable product leading to an organized collection of epithelioid histiocytes. Etiologies of granulomatous disorders can be divided into two broad categories: infectious and noninfectious (autoimmune conditions, toxins, etc.) causes. The endless list of causalities may prove challenging for gastroenterologists and pathologists to formulate a list of clearly defined differentials. This is true when distinguishing these etiologies based on various clinical presentations and endoscopic and histological findings. We aim to provide a comprehensive review of some of the frequent and rare infectious granulomatous diseases of the gastrointestinal tract documented in the literature to date. We provide an overview of each infectious pathology with an emphasis on epidemiology, clinical presentation, and endoscopic and histologic findings, in addition to treatment.
Both Chloroquine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir Are Ineffective for COVID‐19 Treatment and Combined Worsen the Pathology: A Single‐Center Experience with Severely Ill Patients
Authors: Sevilla-Castillo Fernando , Roque-Reyes Oscar J. , Romero-Lechuga Fernanda , Gómez-Núñez Mario F. , Castillo-López Mariel , Medina-Santos Diana , Román Perla Oriana , Flores-Hernández Jorge Rafael , Méndez-Coca Juan Daniel , Montaño-Olmos Daniela , Farfán-Lazos Karla Cecilia , Tobón-Cubillos Miranda , Viveros-Hernández América , Torres-Ortega Leonardo , Hernández-Skewes Karla Y. , Montiel-Bravo Guillermo , Ortega-Rodríguez Shannat , Peón Alberto N.
Published: February 2021

The off‐label use of antiviral and antimalarial drugs has been considered by many researchers as a fast and relatively safe alternative to provide therapeutic options to treat COVID‐19, but the assessment of such drug‐specific effectiveness in this regard is far from complete. Especially, the current body of knowledge about COVID‐19 therapeutics needs more data regarding drug effectiveness and safety in the severely ill patients with comorbidities. In the present article, we retrospectively analyze data from 61 patients that received treatment with chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, both drugs administered together, or a standard treatment with no antiviral drugs, and the study was carried in severely ill patients. We found that either drug is ineffective at treating COVID‐19, as they are not able to reduce hospitalization length, mortality, C‐reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), d‐Dimer, or ferritin, or to enhance gasometric parameters, lymphocytes, total leukocytes, and neutrophil levels, whereas both drugs administered together decrease circulating lymphocytes, increase LDH and ferritin levels, and more importantly, enhance mortality. In this way, our results show that both drugs are ineffective and even potentially harmful alternatives against SARS‐CoV‐2.
The Tale of Stridor and Wheezing in an Infant
Authors: Muhammad Umer , Shaffer Marcus , Bishara John
Published: February 2021

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a respiratory disease caused by human papillomavirus and can infect any part of the aerodigestive tract, but the larynx is most involved (Derkay et al. 2010). This report is a discussion about a 7-month-old male that presented to our institution for respiratory distress. He was admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) for stabilization, observation, and further treatment and management due to an acute RSV infection. Initial efforts failed to improve his respiratory failure. A bronchoscopy was performed and showed various flesh-colored lesions throughout the larynx, vocal cords, and tracheal tree just above the carina. Pediatric otolaryngology performed an emergent debulking surgery to alleviate his respiratory failure. He has had multiple exacerbations of his condition since then and has required frequent debulking procedures with a few trials of intralesional bevacizumab therapies.
The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Deng Liling , Du Chenzhen , Song Peiyang , Chen Tianyi , Rui Shunli , Armstrong David G. , Deng Wuquan
Published: February 2021

Foot ulcers are one of the most common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus with significant resultant morbidity and mortality. Multiple factors impair wound healing include skin injury, diabetic neuropathy, ischemia, infection, inadequate glycemic control, poor nutritional status, and severe morbidity. It is currently believed that oxidative stress plays a vital role in diabetic wound healing. An imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants in the body results in overproduction of reactive oxygen species which lead to cell, tissue damage, and delayed wound healing. Therefore, decreasing ROS levels through antioxidative systems may reduce oxidative stress‐induced damage to improve healing. In this context, we provide an update on the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in diabetic wound healing through following four perspectives. We then discuss several therapeutic strategies especially dietary bioactive compounds by targeting oxidative stress to improve wounds healing.
Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Xin , Zhao Qi , Chen JingWen , Liu Jiayue , Lin Jiacheng , Lu Jiaxuan , Li Wenqing , Yu Dongsheng , Zhao Wei
Published: February 2021

Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) are a carbon nanomaterial with broad potential for application in the field of nanomaterial biomedicine. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) play an important role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This study investigated the effects of GOQDs on SHED osteogenic differentiation. GOQDs were synthesized; then, the proliferation of SHEDs incubated in GOQDs at different concentrations was evaluated; and the live cells were observed. We observed that live SHEDs incubated in GOQDs emitted green fluorescence in the absence of chemical dyes, and 1, 10, and 50 μg/mL GOQDs significantly promoted SHED proliferation. Culture with the osteogenic induction medium containing 10 μg/mL GOQDs induced calcium nodule formation, increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and upregulated SHED mRNA and protein levels of OCN, RUNX2, COL I, and β-catenin. With the addition of Dickkopf 1 (DKK-1) or β-catenin knockdown, expression levels of the above mRNAs and proteins were decreased in GOQD-treated SHEDs. In summary, at a concentration of 10 μg/mL, GOQDs promote SHED proliferation and osteogenic differentiation via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This work provides new ideas and fundamental information on interactions between GOQDs and SHEDs that are relevant for the biomedical engineering field.
Immediate Effect of Baricitinib on Arthritis and Biological Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Lesions in Two Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tada Yoshifumi , Ono Nobuyuki , Koarada Syuichi
Published: February 2021

Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are very effective for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, they sometimes induce adverse events such as psoriasis-like skin lesions. We describe psoriasis-like skin lesions that developed simultaneously with an RA flare in patient 1 during treatment with abatacept and in patient 2 soon after starting certolizumab pegol. The skin lesions persisted in patient 2 despite stopping certolizumab. Baricitinib was initiated because of RA flare and resulted in immediate beneficial effects on arthritis as well as skin lesions. The RA went into remission in both patients, and the psoriasis-like skin lesions disappeared within four weeks (patient 1) and three months (patient 2).