bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Therapeutic Potential of Yoga Practice in Managing Hypertension Based on Cardiopulmonary Efficiency and Physical Fitness
Authors: Kothari Ruchi , Gomashe Ashay , Bethamcherla Bala C. , Sivakumar Nithila , Ramamoorthy Lakshiya , Murugesan Lakshmi
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Noncommunicable diseases have surged because of urbanization and prosperity, with physical inactivity increasing hypertension risk. Hypertension leads to early morbidity and mortality. Yoga, an ancient Indian practice, enhances physical, mental, and spiritual well-being through postures, breathing exercises, and meditation. This study examines yoga’s potential to lower blood pressure by increasing VO2 Max, a critical cardiovascular fitness indicator.

Methods:

This study involved 250 hypertension patients (systolic BP >140 mm Hg or diastolic BP >90 mm Hg) from a rural hospital. Conducted over eight months at a rural medical college’s Sports Physiology Laboratory, the study reassessed participants’ cardiorespiratory fitness after six months of yoga therapy. Data were collected using the Metabolic module of the Exercise Physiology System and Power Lab System with LabChart Pro software.

Results:

VO2 Max for males improved significantly from 23.1 ± 10.02 mL/min/kg to 28.5 ± 9.85 mL/min/kg (P = 0.017), and for females from 21.3 ± 3.21 mL/min/kg to 25.4 ± 4.12 mL/min/kg (P = 0.028). Detail demographic data, blood pressure, VO2 Max, and BMI changes before and after yoga therapy.

Conclusion:

The study highlights yoga’s potential in managing hypertension, showing significant improvements in VO2 Max, blood pressure, and BMI, supporting yoga as an effective therapeutic intervention.
Knowledge and Attitude toward Organ Donation and Transplantation among the Adult Population in Bisha, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhalafi Abdullah H. , Alkhushayl Abdullah M. , Altayyib Nawaf M. , Nandi Partha A. , Miskeen Elhadi
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

This study aims to raise awareness and perceptions regarding organ donation among adults in Bisha, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2021 to April 2022 using a well-structured questionnaire distributed via media. Sociodemographic data and awareness of organ donation were evaluated.

Results:

Out of 417 respondents, 65.7% had average to good knowledge, and 69.8% had a positive attitude toward organ donation. Mass media was the primary information source (29%). Willingness to donate was motivated by saving lives (71.7%), while fear of health complications deterred others (56.6%).

Conclusions:

Improving knowledge and attitudes is crucial to addressing organ donation shortages.
Profile of Cardiopulmonary Fitness Across Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Confinement in a Cohort of Young Adults
Authors: Kothari Ruchi , Kumaraswamy Rakshith , Gomashe Ashay , Sushmitha S. , Gopani Maitri , Nallathambi Naveenkumar
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), significantly impacts the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems. Cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF), indicated by VO2 max, is essential for youth health. Reduced physical activity during the pandemic may have affected CPF. This study examines the impact of COVID-19 confinement on CPF by comparing pre- and post-COVID-19 values of VO2 max and HRV in young adults.

Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Sports Physiology laboratory of a rural medical college. Thirty-five volunteers aged 18–25 years with documented prior COVID-19 infection, symptom-free for over 6 weeks, participated. VO2 max was estimated using a motorized treadmill (Modified Bruce protocol), and HRV was recorded using a Wireless Heart Rate Kit. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0.

Results:

The study included 20 males (53.33%) and 15 females (42.85%), with a mean age of 20.29 ± 1.40 years. VO2 max significantly decreased post COVID-19 (P = 0.0013). HRV indices also showed significant changes, with notable decreases in SDNN and RMSSD.

Conclusion:

The significant decrease in VO2 max and changes in HRV indices emphasize the need for strategies to promote physical activity and monitor autonomic function post pandemic.
Comparative Study of Different Irrigation Protocols in Endodontic Treatment
Authors: Paul Midhun , Ravi Rekha V. , Sundaresan Chintu , Kamath Dinesh G. , Yumnam Gargi , Ibrahim Nada M.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Irrigation is ideal in endodontic treatment as it helps in the removal of bacteria, softening of the organic structure, and then evacuation of debris in the root canal.

Materials and Methods:

This in vitro study involved 60 extracted single-rooted human teeth, randomly assigned to three groups (n = 20) based on the irrigation protocol used: The three tested products were Group A, sodium hypochlorite 5. 25%; Group B, Chlorhexidine 2%; and finally, Group C, EDTA 17%. Both groups rated equal in terms of the root canal preparation they were put through. A microbiological technique, debris, and smear layer removal were employed to determine irrigation efficacy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used on the extracted roots. In this study, the analysis of variance and post
hoc tests were used with a predetermined alpha level of (0.05).

Results:

Comparing all the groups, Group A exhibited the best performance with Group B being the second best as seen with the mean log reduction of the bacterial load being 5. With 4.77 (±0. 54), Group A had the highest mean log reduction, while Group B recorded a mean log reduction of 2 (±0. 4). 54 (±0. 36) and Group C had a mean log reduction of 3. 9 (±0. 6). The SEM analysis for Group A was as follows: the cleanliness of samples was found to 85% in contrast to 70% in Group B and 50% in Group C (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Sodium hypochlorite 5. Twenty five percent was found to be the most effective Results showed that 25% is the most effective irrigation protocol in lowering bacterial count as well as in flushing out debris and smear layer from root canal.
Evaluation of Prevalence of Golden Percentage, Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) and Tarulatha-Ruchi (TR) Proportion in Dental Students
Authors: Dhanak Nupur , Mittal Swati , Dave Riya , Kanodia Saloni , Kanodia Shikha , Asthana Geeta
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

One of the important concepts in aesthetic dentistry is “the principle of gradation,” where each tooth appears proportionally narrower than its mesial neighbor as the eye moves laterally from the midline. Various mathematical and physiological theories determine the widths of maxillary anterior teeth.

Objectives:

The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of the golden percentage, the recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion, and the newly proposed Tarulatha-Ruchi (TR) proportion among dental students from Gujarat state.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 100 Gujarati students with aesthetically pleasing smiles, ages 18–25 years, were selected. Standard frontal-view photographs were taken with a DSLR camera, displaying maxillary anterior teeth and gingiva in centric occlusion. Adobe Photoshop CS6 was used to measure tooth widths, and the values were analyzed statistically.

Results:

The exact golden percentage was not followed in any subjects. The percentages for the maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine were 22%, 16%, and 12%, respectively. The RED proportion did not exist, increasing distally from 69% to 78.5%. For the TR proportion, central incisors did not follow the suggested quotient of 0.3; a quotient of 0.4 for the lateral incisor was present in 99% of subjects; a quotient of 0.3 for the canine was present in 25% of subjects; and a suggested quotient of 0.6 for the combined width of the central and lateral incisors was present in none of the subjects.

Conclusion:

The golden percentage and TR proportion can be applied if adjusted. RED did not exist among participants. A proportional constant of 0.4 for the lateral incisor by TR proportion can be used to build a missing or peg-shaped lateral incisor.
Tobacco Use, Body Mass Index, Potentially Malignant Disorder and Attitude towards Passive Smoking in a Primary Health Centre – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Madhu Priyanka Paul , Quazi Zahiruddin Syed , Wankhede Anand N
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:

Primary health center (PHC) settings offer opportunities for tobacco use screening and brief cessation advice. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how thoroughly participants were screened for premalignant lesions associated with smoking and smokeless tobacco use, as well as how closely these lesions correlated with body mass index (BMI).

Methods:

In a PHC, 150 participants aged 18 and above participated in this cross-sectional study. During the study period, tobacco consumption was habitual for 128 males and 22 females at the PHC. The interviewer gathered information to document the subjects’ history of tobacco use, general demographics, and opinions regarding passive smoking through the administration of a questionnaire. Each participant received an oral assessment. The Chi-square statistics were used for data analysis.

Results:

In all of the 150 participants, 20 were smokers, and 32 adopted both smokeless and smoked tobacco. Premalignant disorders with a duration of more than 10 years were more commonly observed in the age range of 36 to 50 years. When the frequency was analyzed, 47% of lesions had consumption between one and five times per day and 71% of robust indications had daily consumption between six and ten times per day.

Conclusion:

According to the findings, there is no conclusive evidence linking a lesion to BMI, and despite their awareness of passive smoking, these individuals continue to smoke in front of their family members and children.
Management of Dadru Kushtha (Tenia corporis)—A Case Report
Authors: Thakre Trupti , Deshmukh Sourabh G. , Chavhan Neha
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Dadru is one of the Kapha–Pitta Pradhana Twak Vikara. It is a chronic disease in which Tridosha are involved so Rakta shodhak and Tridoshaghna along with Kushtaghna Chikitsa give better relief in Dadru. A 32-year-old male patient approached the outpatient department (OPD) of Mahatma Gandhi Ayurveda Hospital, Salod, Wardha, Maharashtra, with a chief complaint of round reddish patches over the axilla with severe Kandu (Itching), Daha (burning sensation), elevated circular lesions, and Raag (erythema). After 15 days of treatment, the patient got relief from all the symptoms by taking proper medicines like Gandhak Rasayan, Panchatikta ghrita, 777 oil, and fungiwin cream. Due to Kushtaghna and the immunity booster properties of drugs, the present case study revealed the efficacy of Ayurveda by Shaman Chikitsa for 15 days in managing Dadru.
Effectiveness of Two Different Irrigants - SmearClear and Q-Mix in Removal of Smear Layer: A Comparative Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Mishra Divya , Mungee Akshada , Chakraborty Sabyasachi , Khatore Sumit K. , Mishra Namrata
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To evaluate and compare the smear layer removal capabilities of Smear Clear and Q-Mix using scanning electron microscopy.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-two human premolars were standardized to a 10 mm root length, cleaned, and shaped with X2 universal rotary ProTaper. The samples were divided into two groups for final irrigation: Group 1 with 17% Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) (n = 20) and Group 2 with Q-Mix (n = 20). The canals were sectioned and analyzed under an SEM at various root levels. Statistical analysis was performed at a significant level of 0.05.

Result:

QMix performed better at removing the smear layer than Smear Clear.

Conclusion:

QMix, a newly introduced irrigant, effectively removed the smear layer from the apical region of the root canal, which is typically inaccessible to conventional irrigants.
Gastrointestinal bleeding after pancreatoduodenectomy: Report of four cases
Authors: Liu Zi-Jin , Hong Jia-Yi , Zhang Chao , She Jing , Zhai Hui-Hong
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage is one of the most severe and life-threatening complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy. We present four cases of gastrointestinal bleeding patients to clarify its appropriate treatment and prevention.

CASE SUMMARY

The main symptoms included black stool, hematochezia, haematemesis, blood in the nasogastric tube, and hemorrhagic shock. The mean age was 66.25 years old and the median onset time was 340 d after the surgery. The bleeding location comprised gastrointestinal anastomosis, bile duct-jejunum anastomosis, and extraluminal bleeding. The possible causes included marginal ulcer, jejunal varix, and abdominal infection. Endoscopic hemostatic clips, as well as a covered stent using angiography, were utilized to stop the bleeding and three patients survived. Only one patient died of gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal bleeding, abdominal infection, hypovolemic shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

CONCLUSION

Early and effective endoscopic intervention is the key to successful hemostasis in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding after pancreatoduodenectomy.
Rectal ameboma: A new entity in the differential diagnosis of rectal cancer
Authors: Memis Kemal Bugra , Celik Ayse Sena , Aydin Sonay , Kantarci Mecit
Published: December 2024

We examined the case report written by Ke et al , describing a rare clinical case. In this editorial, we would like to emphasize the differential diagnosis of rectal masses through a rare case. We describe a case of ameboma, which manifested itself as a mass in the rectum in terms of imaging and rectoscopic features, in an immunocompetent patient who had complaints of constipation and rectal bleeding for weeks. The initial diagnosis suggested malignancy due to imaging and rectoscopic features, but the pathology report reported it as amoebiasis. After ten days of metronidazole and oral amebicide (diloxanide furoate) treatment, the patient’s symptoms and radiological findings were successfully regressed.
Minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy: A bibliometric method applied to the top one hundred cited articles
Authors: Feng Jia-Jie , Zhao Yi-Wen , Liang Hong-Yin , Jiang Ke-Xin , Dai Rui-Wu
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD) is considered one of the most complex procedures in general surgery. The number of articles on MIPD has been increasing annually. However, published reports often have complex research directions, and the focal points frequently change. Therefore, a comprehensive review and organization of the literature in this field is necessary.

AIM

To summarize current research, predict future hotspots and trends, and provide insights for MIPD development.

METHODS

To conduct the study, the Web of Science Core Collection was searched for relevant articles. The analysis focused on the top 100 articles in the field. Two widely used bibliometric tools, CiteSpace and VOSviewer, were used to examine various aspects, including research directions, authors, countries, institutions, journals, and keywords.

RESULTS

The top 100 articles were published between 2005 and 2022, with the majority originating from the United States (n = 51). Among the contributing institutions, Pancreas Center of the University of Chicago and the Health System of the University of Chicago had the highest number of publications (n = 17). In terms of individual authors, “Zeh HJ” and “Zureikat AH” led with 13 articles each. The high-frequency keywords in the literature encompassed three main areas: Surgical modality, perioperative outcomes, and the learning curve. These keywords were further categorized into seven primary clusters, with the largest being “laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy”.

CONCLUSION

The most influential studies predominantly originate from the United States, and there is growing interest in robotic surgery. Despite MIPD’s potential benefits, further research is required to address technical challenges and improve outcomes.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic papillary balloon dilation, and laparoscopic hepatectomy for intra- and extrahepatic bile duct stones
Authors: Chen Zhi-Liang , Fu Hong
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones (BDSs) have a high rate of residual stones, a high risk of recurrence, and a high rate of reoperation. It is very important to take timely and effective surgical intervention for patients.

AIM

To analyze the efficacy, postoperative rehabilitation, and quality of life (QoL) of patients with intra- and extrahepatic BDSs treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) + endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) + laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH).

METHODS

This study selected 114 cases of intra- and extrahepatic BDSs from April 2021 to April 2024, consisting of 55 cases in the control group receiving laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and LH and 59 cases in the observation group treated with ERCP + EPBD + LH. Efficacy, surgical indicators [operation time (OT) and intraoperative blood loss (IBL)], postoperative rehabilitation (time for body temperature to return to normal, time for pain relief, and time for drainage to reduce jaundice), hospital stay, medical expenses, and QoL [Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI)] were comparatively analyzed. Further, Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze factors influencing the QoL of patients with intra- and extrahepatic BDSs.

RESULTS

The data demonstrated a higher overall effective rate in the observation group compared to the control group (P = 0.011), together with notably reduced OT, less IBL, shorter body temperature recovery time, pain relief time, time for drainage to reduce jaundice, and hospital stay (all P < 0.05). The postoperative GIQLI of the observation group was more significantly increased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The two groups demonstrated no marked difference in medical expenses (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The above indicates that ERCP + EPBD + LH is effective in treating patients with intra- and extrahepatic BDSs, which is conducive to postoperative rehabilitation and QoL improvement, with promising prospects for clinical promotion.
Construction of a nomogram prediction model for early postoperative stoma complications of colorectal cancer
Authors: Ba Ming-Qin , Zheng Wen-Lin , Zhang Yu-Ling , Zhang Lin-Lin , Chen Jing-Jing , Ma Jie , Huang Jia-Li
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Postoperative enterostomy is increasing in patients with colorectal cancer, but there is a lack of a model that can predict the probability of early complications.

AIM

To explore the factors influencing early postoperative stoma complications in colorectal cancer patients and to construct a nomogram prediction model for predicting the probability of these complications.

METHODS

A retrospective study of 462 patients who underwent postoperative ostomy for colorectal cancer in the Gastrointestinal Department of the Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital. The patients’ basic information, surgical details, pathological results, and preoperative inflammatory and nutritional indicators were reviewed. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to analyze the risk factors for early postoperative stoma complications in colorectal cancer patients and constructed a nomogram prediction model to predict the probability of these complications.

RESULTS

Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes [odds ratio (OR) = 3.088, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.419-6.719], preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy (OR = 6.822, 95%CI: 2.171-21.433), stoma type (OR = 2.118, 95%CI: 1.151-3.898), Nutritional risk screening 2002 score (OR = 2.034, 95%CI: 1.082-3.822) and prognostic nutritional index (OR = 0.486, 95%CI: 0.254-0.927) were risk factors for early stoma complications after colorectal cancer surgery (P < 0.05). On the basis of these results, a prediction model was constructed and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.740 (95%CI: 0.669-0.811). After internal validation, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the validation group was 0.725 (95%CI: 0.631-0.820). The calibration curves for the modeling group and validation group are displayed. The predicted results have a good degree of overlap with the actual results.

CONCLUSION

A previous history of diabetes, preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, stoma type, Nutritional risk screening 2002 score and prognostic nutritional index are risk factors for early stoma complications after colorectal cancer surgery. The nomogram prediction model constructed on the basis of the results of logistic regression analysis in this study can effectively predict the probability of early stomal complications after colorectal cancer surgery.
Microbiota in patients with cefuroxime resistance and anal fistula revealed by 16S ribosomal DNA
Authors: Ling Yi-Ting , Yao Fei , Li Sen-Juan , Cao Chen-Xi , Chen Zhen-Wei , Qiu Min , Li Bu-Zhuo , Hu Bi-Wen , Zhong Shen-Yan , Hu Guang-Lei , Li Jia-Hua
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Anal fistula is increasingly prevalent due to modern lifestyle factors, and surgery remains the primary treatment. However, the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance, particularly to cefuroxime, complicates perioperative management. The role of gut microbiota in influencing this resistance is not well understood.

AIM

To investigate the relationship between gut microbiota composition and cefuroxime resistance in anal fistula patients and to assess probiotic intervention impact.

METHODS

This study included 30 anal fistula patients categorized into cefuroxime-sensitive (Cefur-S) and cefuroxime-resistant (Cefur-NS) groups. Gut microbiota samples were collected during colonoscopy, and 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing was performed to analyze microbial diversity. Patients in the Cefur-NS group received a 7-day course of Clostridium butyricum tablets. Post-intervention, microbial composition and cefuroxime resistance were reassessed.

RESULTS

Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed no significant differences in microbial diversity between the Cefur-S and Cefur-NS groups. However, effect size analysis identified Roseburia and Butyricicoccus as dominant genera in the Cefur-S group, with higher butyrate production potentially protecting against cefuroxime resistance. Post-intervention, the Cefur-NS group showed a significant reduction in cefuroxime resistance, improved stool consistency, and reduced bowel movement frequency.

CONCLUSION

This study suggests that specific gut microbiota, particularly Butyricicoccus and Roseburia , may mitigate cefuroxime resistance in anal fistula patients by increasing butyrate production. Probiotic intervention targeting gut microbiota composition presents a promising strategy for reducing antibiotic resistance and improving clinical outcomes.
Laparoscopic hepatectomy using indocyanine green attenuates postoperative inflammatory response for hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Wu Wei-Xun , Huang Ming-Bin , Wang Mei-Xia , Chen Li-Hua , Hu Bo , Ding Zhen-Bin
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Improving the intraoperative and postoperative performance of laparoscopic hepatectomy was quite a challenge for liver surgeons.

AIM

To determine the benefits of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy during and after surgery.

METHODS

We retrospectively collected the clinicopathological data of 107 patients who successfully underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy at Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University from June 2022 to June 2023. Whether using the ICG fluorescence imaging technique, we divided them into the ICG and non-ICG groups. To eliminate statistical bias, a 1:1 propensity score matching analysis was conducted. The comparison of perioperative outcomes, including inflammation-related markers and progression-free survival, was analyzed statistically.

RESULTS

Intraoperatively, the ICG group exhibited lower blood loss, a shorter surgical time, lower hepatic inflow occlusion (HIO) frequency, and a shorter total HIO time. Postoperatively, the participation of ICG resulted in a shorter duration of hospitalization (6.5 vs 7.6 days, P = 0.03) and postoperative inflammatory response attenuation (lower neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio on the first day after surgery and platelet-lymphocyte ratio on the third day, P < 0.05). Although the differences were not significant, the levels of all inflammation-related markers were lower in the ICG group. The rates of postoperative complications and the survival analyses, including progression-free and overall survivals showed no significant difference between the groups.

CONCLUSION

The involvement of ICG fluorescence imaging may lead to improved perioperative outcomes, especially postoperative inflammatory response attenuation, and ultimately improve HCC patients’ recovery after surgery.
Preoperative serum total bilirubin-albumin ratio as a prognostic indicator in patients with hepatitis-related cirrhosis after splenectomy
Authors: Chen Yi-Fan , Lin Yu-Xin , Chi Miao-Miao , Li Da-Qing , Chen Lin-Tao , Zhang Yu , Wu Rong-Qian , Du Zhao-Qing
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Splenectomy is an effective yet invasive intervention for alleviating portal pressure in patients with hepatitis cirrhosis. However, the current prognostic indicators for predicting long-term overall survival of these patients have several limitations.

AIM

To assess the potential of preoperative total bilirubin-albumin (B/A) ratio as a prognostic indicator for patients with hepatitis cirrhosis undergoing splenectomy.

METHODS

A total of 257 patients diagnosed with hepatitis cirrhosis were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Normality test, t -test, Wilcoxon test, χ 2 test, or Fisher’s exact test was employed to analyze the intraoperative and postoperative conditions of the patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to depict the 10-year overall survival rate.

RESULTS

During the follow-up period, 85.99% of the patients survived, with a median survival time of 64.6 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that total serum B/A ratio was an independent risk factor for overall survival (P = 0.037). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that a B/A ratio of 0.87 was the optimal cut-off value. Consequently, the patients were categorized into two groups: High B/A group (n = 64) and low B/A group (n = 193). The median follow-up time for the high B/A group and low B/A group was 56.8 months and 67.2 months, respectively (P = 0.045). Notably, the high B/A group exhibited a significantly lower 10-year overall survival compared to the low B/A group (P < 0.001). Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) had lower overall survival rates. Patients with a high B/A ratio exhibited a lower overall survival than those with a low B/A rate in the overall cohort and the subgroups of patients with HCC or not, early Child-Pugh grade, low albumin-bilirubin grade, and model for end-stage liver disease score ≥ 10 (log-rank test, P < 0.001 for all).

CONCLUSION

The B/A ratio can serve as an effective prognostic indicator for overall survival in patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis following splenectomy, and a higher B/A ratio may suggest a poorer prognosis.
Synergistic inhibition of colorectal cancer progression by silencing Aurora A and the targeting protein for Xklp2
Authors: Sheng Gui-Xian , Zhang Yu-Jia , Shang Tao
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Unraveling the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) can aid in developing prevention and treatment strategies. Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is a key participant in mitotic control and interacts with its co-activator, the targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) microtubule nucleation factor. AURKA is associated with poor clinical outcomes and high risks of CRC recurrence. AURKA/TPX2 co-overexpression in cancer may contribute to tumorigenesis. Despite its pivotal role in CRC development and progression, the action mechanism of AURKA remains unclear. Further research is needed to explore the complex interplay between AURKA and TPX2 and to develop effective targeted treatments for patients with CRC.

AIM

To compare effects of AURKA and TPX2 and their combined knockdown on CRC cells.

METHODS

We evaluated three CRC gene datasets about CRC (GSE32323, GSE25071, and GSE21510). Potential hub genes associated with CRC onset were identified using the Venn, search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes, and KOBAS platforms, with AURKA and TPX2 emerging as significant factors. Subsequently, cell models with knockdown of AURKA, TPX2, or both were constructed using SW480 and LOVO cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, cell counting kit-8, cell cloning assays, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays were used.

RESULTS

Forty-three highly expressed genes and 39 poorly expressed genes overlapped in cancer tissues compared to controls from three datasets. In the protein-protein interaction network of highly expressed genes, AURKA was one of key genes. Its combined score with TPX2 was 0.999, and their co-expression score was 0.846. In CRC cells, knockdown of AURKA, TPX2, or both reduced cell viability and colony number, while blocking G0/G1 phase and enhancing cell apoptosis. Additionally, they were weakened cell proliferation and migration abilities. Furthermore, the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2-Associated X, caspase 3, and tumor protein P53, and E-cadherin increased with a decrease in B-cell lymphoma-2, N-cadherin, and vimentin proteins. These effects were amplified when both AURKA and TPX2 were concurrently downregulated.

CONCLUSION

Combined knockdown of AURKA and TPX2 was effective in suppressing the malignant phenotype in CRC. Co-inhibition of gene expression is a potential developmental direction for CRC treatment.
Evaluating risk factors for surgical site infections and the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Wang Shao-Hua
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a significant complication in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), affecting patient outcomes and healthcare costs.

AIM

To identify risk factors associated with SSIs and evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in reducing these infections.

METHODS

A comprehensive retrospective evaluation was conducted on 400 patients who underwent LC from January 2022 to January 2024. Patients were divided into infected (n = 36) and non-infected (n = 364) groups based on the occurrence of SSIs. Data collected included age, diabetes mellitus status, use of prophylactic antibiotics, and specific surgical complications. Statistical analyses using SPSS (Version 27.0) involved univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine factors influencing the risk of SSIs.

RESULTS

The use of prophylactic antibiotics significantly reduced the incidence of SSIs (χ ² = 68.34, P < 0.01). Older age (≥ 60 years) and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus were identified as significant risk factors. Surgical complications like insufficient cystic duct stump, gallbladder perforation, and empyema also increased SSI risk. Notably, factors such as intraoperative blood loss and operation time did not significantly impact SSI occurrence.

CONCLUSION

Prophylactic antibiotics are effective in reducing the risk of SSIs in patients undergoing LC. Age, diabetes mellitus, and certain surgical complications significantly contribute to the risk. Effective management of these risk factors is essential to improve surgical outcomes and reduce the incidence of SSIs.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection in the treatment of adult cystic lymphangioma: A case report
Authors: Qu Luo-Wei , Li Qiu-Xia , Zhu Wen-Ying , Kang Min
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Cystic lymphangioma is a rare hamartoma that is especially found in the adult gastrointestinal tract. In the early stage, most patients are asymptomatic; after the onset of symptoms, there is often no specificity regarding symptoms.

CASE SUMMARY

Here we report the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of an adult patient with cystic lymphangioma of the ascending colon. One patient who came to our hospital with “dull pain in the left lower abdomen for 2 days” was initially misdiagnosed with a colon cyst according to endoscopy and then underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection. The final pathological results suggested cystic lymphangioma. One year later, no recurrence was found on re-examination via colonoscopy.

CONCLUSION

Cystic lymphangioma in the gastrointestinal tract rarely occurs in adults and is easily misdiagnosed or missed. Endoscopy, imaging, histology, and immunohistochemical staining are useful for diagnosis. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment.
LEVERAGING DIGITAL MARKETING OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEORGIA'S ECONOMY
Authors: Makasarashvili Tamar , Giguashvili Giuli
Published: December 2024

Tamar Makasarashvili
E-mail: tamarmakasarashvili@gu.edu.ge
Doctor of Economics, Professor Gori State University
Gori, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0424-1816
 
Giuli Giguashvili
E-mail: giuligiguashvili@gu.edu.ge
Doctor of Economics, Professor Gori State University
Gori, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-7544
 
Abstract: Digital reality presents new challenges to the modern world. The development of technology drives the thorough reorganization of traditional systems and the emergence of new fields. Digital marketing represents one of the essential sectors of the 21st century.
This paper examines and analyzes the use of digital marketing within Georgia's economy, the role and importance of digital marketing in the Georgian ecosystem, and the involvement and role of the scientific community, educational institutions, investors, entrepreneurs, and the state in this process. The study evaluates the objectives of using digital marketing tools, the primary challenges in this field, and measures that have been implemented. The research is based on a review of statistical data, an assessment of the government's anti-crisis policies, and the main directions of state programs. Additionally, it offers insights into the current opportunities and new prospects for digital marketing in Georgia.
Based on research findings, the paper presents conclusions and recommendations for utilizing digital marketing capabilities in Georgia, improving the current level of application, addressing existing challenges, and exploring new, promising directions for development in the sector to grow Georgia's economy.
 
Keywords: Digital Technologies, Digital Marketing, Artificial Intelligence, Economic Growth.
 
JEL classification: M15, M31
THE IMPACT OF THE PANAMA CANAL DISRUPTIONS ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Authors: Poladashvili Tamari , Makharadze Iakob
Published: December 2024

Tamari Poladashvili
E-mail: tamari.poladashvili@bsu.edu.ge
Assistant Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-7997
 
Iakob Makharadze
E-mail: Iakob.makharadze0104@gmail.com
Master of Economics, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
Abstract: Maritime transport hubs are vital for the development of international trade. Their disruptions can have far-reaching effects on global trade. The Panama Canal is one of the most important ports in the world. Due to the drought caused by the El Niño phenomenon in 2023, due to the record low depth of Lake Gatuna, the Panama Canal Agency imposed restrictions on daily transits, which significantly reduced the volume of transported cargo, significantly changed the scale of international trade and negatively affected the trade indicator of Central and South American countries due to restrictions imposed on ships crossing the channel. Some have to use alternative routes, which causes cargo delays, further strains international supply chains, increases transportation costs and freight prices. The purpose of the article is to research the impact of restrictions imposed in the Panama Canal from 2023 on such aspects of international trade as: maritime trade routes, transportation costs, pressure on supply chains, impact on regional economies, and others.
Quantitative analysis of primary, secondary and tertiary sources is used in the article. The discussed issue is multi-layered and located at the intersection of several disciplines, which requires consideration of many factors. The study focuses on those variables that provide the clearest picture of the impact on aspects of international trade following the imposition of restrictions on transit through the Panama Canal. Statistical data is compiled from reports in the Panama Canal Agency database, data posted on PortWatch, and others.
Cross-referencing of information from different sources was used to confirm the accuracy and reliability of the findings. It was possible to find and confirm common findings in the research process by comparing data obtained from different types of sources through the triangulation technique.
The study found that the Panama Canal restrictions are less burdensome for container ships, crude oil tankers and LNG tankers because they agree to pay additional fees to book transit through the canal. The imposed restrictions are more severe on ships with low operating costs and prefer to use alternative trade routes.
 
Key words: International trade, International trade policy, Competition, International trade organizations.
 
JEL classification: F1, F2, F13
SOME OPINIONS ABOUT THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPORTANCE AND RESULTS OF AGRITOURISM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF GEORGIA)
Authors: Seturi Maia
Published: December 2024

Maia Seturi
E-mail: maia.seturi@tsu.ge
Associate Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0246-678X
 
Abstract: The author's discussion in the article focuses on the importance of agritourism and the main aspects of its positive socio-economic results. Tourism in Georgia is considered one of the important parts of the country's development strategy. Agritourism, as a tourist destination, means serving visitors who are interested in studying agricultural activities, getting to know the features and traditions of rural life. It is true that today Georgia is one of the attractive tourist destinations, but it has the potential to become interesting also in the field of agrotourism. The purpose of the research is to determine what positive results the development of agrotourism can bring for the country and its regions.
The author of the article believes that in the post-Covid period, the Georgian tourist and hotel business is working under conditions of increased demand for their services. However, the number of people living in rural areas has significantly decreased in Georgia. Unemployment and low wages are a problem in a number of areas. In such conditions, it is an important issue to raise the awareness of the local population about agritourism in terms of their employment and improvement of their living standards.
Based on the results of the research, the author believes that for the development of agritourism, it is necessary to implement a number of changes in rural areas in those regions that have a great potential for the development of agritourism.
The importance of agritourism in promoting sustainable development and preserving the cultural and natural heritage of the village is great. This creates a win-win situation where both tourists and local residents benefit from the exchange of knowledge, experience and economic activities. Agritourism stimulates the local economy and will promote the development of small businesses.
Especially since there are additional contributing factors for the development of this direction in Georgia (for example, natural environmental factors in the regions, etc.), which will leave an impression on the guests and have a great impact on their satisfaction. And satisfied guests return to places of interest to them in the future and spread positive reviews. According to the author, the effective use of modern marketing approaches and social media marketing will increase the opportunities for the development of agritourism in Georgia. The positive result of which will be that the standard of living of the local population in rural areas will improve significantly. This will help to stop the population migration from rural to urban areas, it will become attractive for many people to live and work in rural areas.
Keywords: Agritourism, Agri-entertainment, Tourism and Hospitality Marketing, Sustainable Development, Sustainable Tourism
JEL classification: M30, M31, Q13, L83
EFFICACY OF ALLOCATING FUNDS TO ESSENTIAL EDUCATIONAL INITIATIVES
Authors: Shainidze Ekaterine , Surmanidze Iamze , Turmanidze Tamila , Poladashvili Tamari , Giorgadze Tariel
Published: December 2024

Ekaterine Shainidze
E-mail: Ekaterine.shainidze@bsu.edu.ge
Associate Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1790
 
Iamze Surmanidze
E-mail: surmanidze.iamze@bsu.edu.ge
Assistant- Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4389-9250
Tamila Turmanidze
E-mail: tamila.turmanidze@bsu.edu.ge
Assistant- Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-2285
 
Tamari Poladashvili
E-mail:tamari.poladashvili@bsu.edu.ge
Assistant- Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-7997
 
Tariel Giorgadze
E-mail: giorgadzetarieli@gmail.com
Assistant Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
 
Abstract: Most countries of the world, funding of higher education and scientific research is a priority direction of the state. Particularly important is the policy of developing countries in relation to higher education. In this regard, there is an interesting picture in Georgia, since there are priority fields that allow students to receive education for free.
The purpose of our research is to evaluate the effectiveness of funding priority educational programs. Within the scope of this research, on the example of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University of Batumi, it is determined what effect the full financing of various educational programs had on the demand of entrants, what is the compatibility of the education and labor market requirements of the mentioned programs, what prospects these specialties have in terms of both employment and creating a successful career.
It is important, that in order to ensure the compliance of priority educational programs with the needs and challenges of the country, it is necessary to revise the approaches annually in accordance with clear criteria selected in advance (the number of enrolled and graduated students, the number of employees according to the specialty, the compliance of their qualifications with the requirements of the labor market and the country's challenges, etc.); Higher educational institutions, while implementing educational programs corresponding to priority directions, should take into account the requirements of the labor market as the basis of relevant studies. In addition, the annual admission quota should be determined not mechanically, but on the basis of experience and perspective assessment;
 
Keywords: Education, Priority programs, labor market
 
JEL classification: I22, H52
THE ATYPICAL NATURE OF THE CRISIS CAUSED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A DISCUSSION OF THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CRISIS AND THEIR IMPACT
Authors: Gvarishvili Nestan
Published: December 2024

Nestan Gvarishvili
E-mail: nestangvarishvili@gmail.com
PhD student of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6845-9980
 
Abstract: This article examines the unique and atypical nature of the economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The study analyzes the main dimensions of the crisis, including economic projections, the decline in manufacturing activity and the significant impact on the service sector. It goes beyond economic aspects to examine the relationship between the pandemic and critical factors such as stock markets, sectoral recession, energy market shocks and social dynamics. Using statistical data and analysis of scientific sources, the study provides additional information about the pandemic's distinctive features and far-reaching effects on a global scale. The conclusions discuss the need to strengthen international cooperation, the role of digitalization in post-pandemic recovery, and policy interventions to maintain household incomes, business activity, and macroeconomic indicators. The study notes the long-term impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global economy and highlights the need for concerted efforts, technological adaptation and strategic policies even after the crisis is over.
 
Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, crisis, global economy, economic forecasts 
 
JEL classification: O35; O44
CONTEMPORARY STATISTICAL TRENDS OF OUTBOUND TOURISM IN GEORGIA
Authors: Chitaladze Ketevan
Published: December 2024

Ketevan Chitaladze
E-mail: Ketevan.chitaladze@tsu.ge
Assistant Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
 
Abstract: In the conditions of rapid rehabilitation of tourism after the pandemic, in parallel with the increase in the statistical parameters of international inbound tourism, outbound tourism has also become quite active. Against the background of the change in the purpose of the trip, the geographical structure of leading tourism changed, the composition of accompanying persons was adjusted, the average duration of the trip increased, the cost structure was transformed, the amount of expenses incurred changed, the sex ratio of tourists changed, etc. Therefore, it is necessary and interesting to analyze the distinct trends of tourism in the background of these changes and to determine the regularities of development.
The aim of the paper is to reveal the statistical trends of outbound tourism in Georgia at the modern stage and analyze it.
Research methodology. Statistical observation, gathering-grouping and analysis methods were used in the research process.
results. The rehabilitation of tourism in Georgia was carried out quickly, and it can be said that its scale and area of both international and domestic tourism have significantly expanded. Quantitative measures of tourism statistics indicators in many cases almost exceeded the indicators of the pre-pandemic period. It is true that, on average, the number of international cruise visits to Georgia decreases by 2% every year during the research period, expectations for the development of cruise tourism in the future are positive; Indicators of interest in outbound tourism are high for the age group of 31-50 years; It should be noted that the percentage of women among tourists is increasing. the average number of nights spent during outbound tourism increases; High degree of satisfaction of tourists with the country is maintained; The main purpose of travel for the residents of the country is to visit friends and relatives and shopping; Even in post-pandemic years starting from 2019, 94.4%-97.9% of referral visits each year were repeat visits. Against the backdrop of a decrease in average indicators, the indicators of outbound tourism in 2023 are increasing, and accordingly the amount of tourist expenses incurred by them has also increased, the acceptable airlines for both foreign and Georgian resident respondents were Georgian and Turkish airlines, the price of the low-budget company Wizz Air and the quality of the service received .
 
Keywords: Outbound tourism, Analysis, Trend, Geographic structure, Tourist costs.
 
JEL classification: C0