bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subsurface stratigraphy and basin-fill architecture of the late Paleozoic eastern Taos trough, northern New Mexico, U.S.A.
Authors: Chowdhury Nur Uddin Md Khaled , Sweet Dustin E.
Published: November 2020

The greater Taos trough located in north-central New Mexico represents one of numerous late Paleozoic basins that formed during the Ancestral Rocky Mountains deformation event. The late Paleozoic stratigraphy and basin geometry of the eastern portion of the greater Taos trough, also called the Rainsville trough, is little known because the strata are all in the subsurface. Numerous wells drilled through the late Paleozoic strata provide a scope for investigating subsurface stratigraphy and basin-fill architecture of the Rainsville trough. Lithologic data obtained predominantly from petrophysical well logs combined with available biostratigraphic data from the greater Taos trough allows construction of a chronostratigraphic framework of the basin fill. Isopach- and structure-maps indicate that the sediment depocenter was just east of the El Oro-Rincon uplift and a westerly thickening wedge-shaped basin-fill geometry existed during the Pennsylvanian. These relationships imply that the thrust system on the east side of the Precambrian-cored El Oro-Rincon uplift was active during the Pennsylvanian and segmented the greater Taos trough into the eastern Rainsville trough and the western Taos trough. During the Permian, sediment depocenter(s) shifted more southerly and easterly and strata onlap Precambrian basement rocks of the Sierra Grande uplift to the east and Cimarron arch to the north of the Rainsville trough. Permian strata appear to demonstrate minimal influence by faults that were active during the Pennsylvanian and sediment accumulation occurred both in the basinal area as well as on previous positive-relief highlands. A general Permian decrease in eustatic sea level and cessation of local-fault-controlled subsidence indicates that regional subsidence must have affected the region in the early Permian.
Structure and genesis of the Boulder-Weld allochthon, Denver Basin, Colorado - Gravity slide or Laramide thrust sheet?
Authors: Sterne Edward J.
Published: November 2020

This study was undertaken to determine the structure and genesis of the Boulder-Weld allochthon (BWA), the 216 mi2 (559 km2) remnant of a once larger feature, that moved east from the flank of the Front Range into the western part of the Denver Basin. This review of surface and subsurface data revealed new aspects of the BWA, especially in its western part. There, the decollement of the BWA ramps 900 feet up-section to the east from a near bedding-parallel detachment low in the upper transition member of the Pierre Shale to a bedding-parallel detachment near the base of the Fox Hills Formation. Repeated sections found in wells east of the decollement ramp demonstrate up to two miles of translation in the system. Secondary faults in the hanging wall of the allochthon include antithetic thrusts bounding pop-up structures and occasional normal faults that almost exclusively overprint the decollement ramp. The hanging wall is also cut by a postulated tear fault separating areas exhibiting different amounts of translation. The western, trailing edge of the decollement shows attenuation in its hanging wall that increases to the west. This part of the decollement either represents a very low-angle breakaway normal fault or a thrust fault cutting slightly down-section in the direction of transport. Past studies perceived a southeast transport direction for the BWA in contrast to the northeast slip directions on nearby Laramide thrusts, a difference used to interpret the allochthon as a gravity slide. However, similar east-west oriented slickenlines on thrusts across the western part of the allochthon and into the neighboring Front Range leave open the possibility the BWA originated as a Laramide thrust sheet. Furthermore, both the BWA and Laramide thrusts in the neighboring Front Range utilized detachments near the top of the Pierre Shale, suggesting a possible common genesis. Given the available data, both the gravity slide and Laramide thrust models provide viable explanations for the BWA.
Praktek Monopoli Pos Dan Kargo Yang Dikelola Oleh Pengelola PT. Angkasa Pura II (Persero)
Authors: Rahmawitri Mita , Hutabarat Sylvana Murni Deborah
Published: November 2020

Indonesia adalah salah satu Negara kepulauan terbersar di dunia, dengan jumlah populasi penduduk yang besar sehingga memiliki potensi Perdagangan dan juga pelaku usaha disemua sektor perekonomian yang dapat memberikan kesejahteraan bagi rakyat. Sektor Perdangangan tersebut dapat terhubung melalui Transportasi Udara dimana dapat memaksimalkan dan menghemat waktu dalam pendistribusian kepada pelaku usaha yang melakukannya. Dengan adanya sektor perdagangan tersebut maka PT Angkasa Pura II (Persero). Sebagai Badan Usaha Milik Negara di bidang Badan Usaha  Bandar Udara  memberikan pelayanan jasa kebandarudaraan berupa pelayanan jasa barang dan pos yang salah satunya adalah penyediaan dan/atau pengembangan fasilitas terminal untuk pelayanan angkutan kargo dan pos. Namun dalam proses penyediaan fasilitas tersebut PT Angkasa Pura II (Persero) di bandar udara Kualanamu Medan terdapat praktek monopoli perdangan, dimana praktek tersebut melanggar Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Dalam pembahasan Jurnal ini, Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian Hukum Normatif (yuridis normatif) dimana metode tersebut sesuai dengan kasus yang akan dibahas terkait Praktek Monopoli Perdangan yang dilakukan pada PT Angkasa Pura II (Persero) Bandar Udara Kualanamu Medan.
Morphological variation in Bradyidius pacificus (Brodsky, 1950) (Copepoda: Aetideidae) in the eastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Sedova N.A. , Grigoryev A.S. , Grigoryev S.S.
Published: November 2020

This study deals with individual variation in Bradyidius pacificus (Brodsky, 1950) which is one of the most common aetideid copepods of the waters near Kamchatka. Material was collected during spring-summer 2001 in the eastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Only data on females of V-VI copepodite stages are presented. Studied was the structure (setation in particular) of individual limbs, rostrum, cephalothorax and abdomen in more than 50 specimens. There were observed 12 variants of the rostrum, up to 5 variants of the structure of individual segments of the antennules, 8 variants of the protopodites of the maxillipedes and up to 3 variants of the structure of the basipodites of the periopods. The rostrum, antennules and maxillipedes were the most variable parts. There were no variability observed of the structure in the maxillules and the antennae. It is shown that the maxillipedes are more variable than it was considered earlier.
Comparative morphology of the hammer-shaped penisesof two species of opisthobranch mollusсs of the genus Philine Ascanius, 1772 (Opisthobranchia: Cephalaspidea: Philinidae)
Authors: Chaban E.M. , Soldatenko E.V.
Published: November 2020

Penises of two species of opisthobranch mollusks of Philine were first examined with use of a scanning electron microscope: Ph. aperta (Linnaeus, 1767) and P. finmarchica M. Sars, 1858. This study revealed significant morphological differences. The morphology of male copulatory apparatus of these species is discussed
Contribution to the aphid fauna (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) of Racha-Lechkhumi floristic region (Western Georgia)
Authors: Barjadze Sh.Z. , Bakhtadze N.G. , Bakhtadze G.I. , Kintsurashvili N.T. , Chakvetadze N.L. , Zhukovskaya N.A.
Published: November 2020

Twenty two species are given in an annotated faunal list of Aphidoidea of the Racha-Lechkhumi floristic region. Of the species reported, 10 are new to the fauna of this region, while Aphis vitalbae Ferrari, 1872 and Macrosiphum hellebori Theobald & Walton, 1923 are recorded for the first time from Transcaucasia.
New family of Crustacea (Calanoida) – Rostrocalanidae fam. nov.: making the name available
Authors: Markhaseva E.L. , Schulz K. , Martinez Arbizu P.
Published: November 2020

Recently, we (Markhaseva et al., 2008) introduced a family-group name Rostrocalanidae for a new family of clausocalanoid copepods but the name is unavailable for it does not meet the conditions of Art. 16.2. of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Here, the Rostrocalanidae fam. nov. is established in a way that makes the name available.
PELATIHAN BUDIDAYA METODE VERTICAL GARDEN DALAM MENGHADAPI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Rizqi Zati Muhammad , Murdhiani Murdhiani , Rosalina Dhian
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAKKegiatan Pengabdian ini merupakan pelatihan menggunakan metode vertical garden dengan paralon sebagai media tanam Tujuan kegiatan adalah membina dan memberdayakan mitra dengan memotivasi bahwa pemanfaatan pekarangan rumah untuk bercocok tanam merupakan modal serta peluang dalam meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga. Metode budidaya vertical garden pada dasarnya adalah metode bercocok tanam dengan rangkaian tanaman yang ditanam di atas media tanam kemudian disusun secara vertikal, dan dapat digunakan secara mandiri di pekarangan serta dimanfaatkan menjadi apotik dan warung hidup, taman pekarangan akan membantu keluarga mengatasi turunnya daya beli sebagai akibat pandemik covid 19. Pengabdian dilaksanakan di gampong baroh Langsa Lama yang terletak di kecamatan Langsa Lama, kota Langsa, Aceh, metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah sosialisasi, pelatihan, dan pendampingan terhadap mitra. Dengan mitra pengabdian adalah 30 orang masyarakat buruh harian lepas di desa Baroh Langsa Lama, yang tidak memiliki penghasilan tetap, maka diharapkan kegiatan ini tepat sasaran meningkatkan ketahanan pangan mitra. Kesimpulan kegiatan ini adalah 1) Kegiatan ini membantu mitra memanfaatkan media tanam paralon untuk menanam sayur sayuran yang diperlukan keluarga, 2) Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah mitra mampu membuat sendiri media tanam dari paralon, kemudian mitra dapat melakukan pembibitan sampai dengan panen hasil tanam. Kata kunci : budidaya metode vertical garden; ketahanan pangan. ABSTRACTThis activity is a training and empowerment using the vertical garden method with a paralon as a planting medium. The purpose of the activity is to empower partners with the motivation that the use of house yards for farming is an asset and an opportunity to improve the family economy.The Vertical Garden method is a farming technique with a series of plants planted on the planting medium and then arranged vertically, and can be used in the yard or in the house. Thus, it can help families overcome the impact of the recession as a result of the Covid 19 pandemik. This activity was carried out in the Baroh Langsa Lama village which is located in the Langsa Lama district. The methods used in this activity are outreach, training, and mentoring to partners. With daily laborers as activity partners, who live in the village of Baroh Langsa Lama, who do not have regular income, it is hoped that this activity will be right on target in increasing the partner's food security. The conclusions of this activity are as follows: 1) This activity helps partners utilize planting media such as paralon and so on to grow vegetables needed by the family, 2) The result of this activity is that partners are able to make their own planting media from Paralon, then partners can carry out seeds until the harvest of the planting results Keywords: cultivation of the vertical garden method; food security.
PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN RUANG KELAS DALAM UPAYA MENDUKUNG TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Refranisa Refranisa , Saputra Chairul
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAKKegiatan ini merupakan kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat yang berlangsung karena adanya permintaan dari Ketua Pengurus PAUD Tunas Melati Malaka Jaya, Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur . Pada kondisi sekarang ini keadaan PAUD Tunas Melati sebagai PAUD yang masih menggunkan bangunan RW sebagai wadah untuk pembelajaran. Para Pengurus mengusulkan untuk mengubah suasana ruang kelas dengan merenovasi ruang kelas agar lebih nyaman dan memberikan kesan menarik secara visual. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah membantu para pengurus PAUD untuk melakukan renovasi pada ruang kelas, dengan membuatkan desain interior yang nantinya hasil desain tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai acuan pengembangan. Diharapkan dengan diadakanya desain ruang kelas dapat meningkatkan stimulus dan minat belajar pada siswa. Tahapan metode yang digunkan adalah dengan pengumpulan data, pembuatan desain lalu tahap evaluasi terhadap desain. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan selama 3 bulan dimana kami  melakukan diskusi  konsep dan proses mendesainbersama dengan para pengurus PAUD Tunas Melati meliputi 7 orang guru dan 12 orang tua. Hasil Luaran yang dicapai pada kegiatan ini adalah desain ruang kelas yang digambar dalam bentuk 3D . Kata kunci: desain ruang kelas;renovasi; anak usia dini. ABSTRACTThis activity is a community service activity that takes place due to a request from the Chairperson of the PAUD Tunas Melati Malaka Jaya Management, Duren Sawit, East Jakarta. In its current condition,  PAUD Tunas Melati still uses the RW building as a place for learning. The management proposes to change the atmosphere of the classroom by renovating the classroom to make it more comfortable and give a visually attractive impression. The purpose of this activity is to help PAUD administrators to make renovations to classrooms, by making interior designs which later on can be used as a reference for development. It is hoped that the holding of classroom design can increase the stimulus and interest in learning in students. The stage of the method used is by collecting data, making the design and then evaluating the design. This community service activity was carried out for 3 months where we discussed the concept and design process together with the administrators of PAUD Tunas Melati, including 7 teachers and 12 parents. The output achieved in this activity is a classroom design that is drawn in 3D. Keywords: classroom design; renovation;  early childhood.
KEPRAKTISAN PANDUAN PRAKTIKUM IPA SEDERHANA SEKOLAH DASAR (SD) BERORIENTASIKAN LINGKUNGAN SEKITAR
Authors: Sri Darmayanti Ni Wayan , Wijaya I.K.Wisnu Budi , Sanjayanti N.P.A. H.
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keterpakaian produk yang dikembangkan dalam hal ini panduan praktikum IPA sederhana SD berorientasikan lingkungan sekitar. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Panduan praktikum menjadi subyek dalam penelitian dan kepraktisan dari panduan praktikum yang dirancang sebagai objek penelitian. Pada penelitian ini tingkat kepraktisan diukur dengan menggunakan angket yang diberikan kepada siswa untuk melihat tanggapan siswa dalam penggunaan panduan praktikum. Data dianalisis menggunakan skala likert untuk menganalisis tingkat kepraktisan produk. Skala likert adalah skala yang memiliki gradulasi penilaian, yaitu sangat baik (5), baik (4), kurang baik (3), tidak baik (2) dan sangat tidak baik (1). Data kepraktisan yang telah diisi melalui angket dan kemudian dijumlahkan. Total skor yang sudah diperoleh dikonversikan menjadi data kualitatif dengan skala lima. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah teruji kepraktisan dari praktikum IPA sederhana SD berorientasikan lingkungan sekitar. Di mana skor dengan kriteria sangat praktis berjumlah 3 orang dengan persentase 8%, kriteria cukup praktis berjumlah 2 orang dengan persentase 6% dan  kriteria praktis berjumlah 30 orang dengan persentase 86%. Keseluruhan skor rata-rata kepraktisan panduan praktikum adalah 25  dan memilki kriteria praktis..Kata kunci:  kepraktisan; panduan praktikum; lingkungan sekitar ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the usability level of the product developed in this case a simple natural science practical guide for elementary school oriented environment. This type of research is a descriptive study. The practicum guide is the subject of research and the practicality of the practicum guide which is designed as an object of research. In this study, the level of practicality was measured using a questionnaire given to students to see student responses after using the practicum guide. The data were analyzed using a Likert scale to analyze the practicality of the product. The Likert scale is a scale that has a gradation of ratings, namely very good (5), good (4), not good (3), not good (2) and very bad (1). Practicality data that has been filled in through a questionnaire and then added up. The total score that has been obtained is converted into qualitative data on a scale of five. The results showed that the practicality of a simple natural science practicum elementary school oriented environment has been tested. Where the score with very practical criteria amounted to 3 people with a percentage of 8%, the criteria were quite practical amounting to 2 people with a percentage of 6% and the practical criteria were 30 people with a percentage of 86%. The overall practicality average score of the practicum guide is 25 and has practical criteria. Keywords: practicality; practical guide; environment
The unique concept ofglory: Devaluation ofthevalue ofpersonal fame in the Russian folk epics
Authors: Mironov Arseny S.
Published: November 2020

The article is dedicated to the concept of glory, which should be placed among the main concepts of the world’s folk epics. According to the author’s analysis (undertaken through the axiological, comparative-historical, and historical-genetic methods), glory – as rendered in Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, The Mahābhārata, European and Oriental medieval epics, etc. – is most often related to the rumors about a concrete hero and emerges as a substitute of individual immortality or as a pledge of postmortem beatitude. Among nearly all known works of heroic poetry, only the Russian folk epics are fundamentally opposed to this interpretation: Bylinas don’t treat glory as a specific attribute belonging to this or that hero, but as a collective virtue of all Russian knights – the one intended to deter foreign rulers from their invasions of Russia and to protect, in this earthly world, both the divine law and suffering people. Accordingly, the article provides a comparison between different works of heroic folklore and Russian bylinas, which enables both to interpret more fully the axiological structure of the epic tradition as such (the notions of glory, honor, boasting, and rumor – the ones still insufficiently analyzed in scholarly literature and defined more precisely in the present paper), and to determine the principal originality of the Russian folk epics, their unique position among other oral songs of similar nature. In particular, a comparison between the heroic songs of Christian Europe and Russian bylinas allows the author to argue confidently that precisely the latter incarnated (in the most original and profound way, at different levels of their artistic structure, including plot, motives, and imagery) the values and the ideas of Christianity, its spiritual and moral potential.
The communicative power of trade unionism: labour law, political opportunity structure and social movement strategy
Authors: Ioannou Gregoris
Published: November 2020

This article argues that more emphasis should be paid to the communicative power of trade unionism because it may constitute a starting point or a privileged standpoint which a trade union may use to counter its weakness regarding its other sources of power. Reviewing the trade union revitalisation literature, it is argued that social movement theory in general and especially ‘political opportunity structure’, can complement and enrich the power resources approach which is a useful tool in the analysis of trade union action. The case study of a weak trade union winning a strike largely as a result of its successful utilisation of its communicative power is presented where the public communication of the two sides to the conflict is subjected to content and discourse analysis. The article argues that trade unions can enhance their position through the adaptation of social movement strategy and campaign tactics into trade union activity because social movements are more accustomed to orienting their action in the public sphere. In this effort trade unions may draw upon the more explicitly normative and substantive dimension of labour law as a resource to legitimise and garner support for the unions’ objectives framing in a more expansive manner the issues at stake so that a significant section of society can identify with the trade union struggle at hand.
Analyzing Individual-Level Secondary Data with Instrumental Variable Methods Is Useful for Studying the Effects of Air Pollution on Dementia
Authors: Bishop Kelly C. , Husain-Krautter Sehba , Ketcham Jonathan D. , Kuminoff Nicolai V. , Schimming Corbett
Published: November 2020

We hypothesize that analyzing individual-level secondary data with instrumental variable (IV) methods can advance knowledge of the long-term effects of air pollution on dementia. We discuss issues in measurement using secondary data and how IV estimation can overcome biases due to measurement error and unmeasured variables. We link air-quality data from the Environmental Protection Agency’s monitors with Medicare claims data to illustrate the use of secondary data to document associations. Additionally, we describe results from a previous study that uses an IV for pollution and finds that PM2.5’s effects on dementia are larger than non-causal associations.
Thrombin Signaling Contributes to High Glucose-Induced Injury of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Vittal Rao Haripriya , Bihaqi Syed Waseem , Iannucci Jaclyn , Sen Abhik , Grammas Paula
Published: November 2020

Background: Diabetes is one of the strongest disease-related risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In diabetics, hyperglycemia-induced microvascular complications are the major cause of end-organ injury, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Microvascular pathology is also an important and early feature of AD. The cerebral microvasculature may be a point of convergence of both diseases. Several lines of evidence also implicate thrombin in AD as well as in diabetes. Objective: Our objective was to investigate the role of thrombin in glucose-induced brain microvascular endothelial injury. Methods: Cultured Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) were treated with 30 mM glucose±100 nM thrombin and±250 nM Dabigatran or inhibitors of PAR1, p38MAPK, MMP2, or MMP9. Cytotoxicity and thrombin activity assays on supernatants and western blotting for protein expression in lysates were performed. Results: reatment of HBMVECs with 30 mM glucose increased thrombin activity and expression of inflammatory proteins TNFα, IL-6, and MMPs 2 and 9; this elevation was reduced by the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Direct treatment of brain endothelial cells with thrombin upregulated p38MAPK and CREB, and induced TNFα, IL6, MMP2, and MMP9 as well as oxidative stress proteins NOX4 and iNOS. Inhibition of thrombin, thrombin receptor PAR1 or p38MAPK decrease expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress proteins, implying that thrombin may play a central role in glucose-induced endothelial injury. Conclusion: Since preventing brain endothelial injury would preserve blood-brain barrier integrity, prevent neuroinflammation, and retain intact functioning of the neurovascular unit, inhibiting thrombin, or its downstream signaling effectors, could be a therapeutic strategy for mitigating diabetes-induced dementia.
Implementing Delirium Prevention in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Radhakrishnan Nila S. , Mufti Mariam , Ortiz Daniel , Maye Suzanne T. , Melara Jennifer , Lim Duke , Rosenberg Eric I. , Price Catherine C.
Published: November 2020

Patients admitted with COVID-19 can develop delirium due to predisposing factors, isolation, and the illness itself. Standard delirium prevention methods focus on interaction and stimulation. It can be challenging to deliver these methods of care in COVID settings where it is necessary to increase patient isolation. This paper presents a typical clinical vignette of representative patients in a tertiary care hospital and how a medical team modified an evidence-based delirium prevention model to deliver high-quality care to COVID-19 patients. The implemented model focuses on four areas of delirium-prevention: Mobility, Sleep, Cognitive Stimulation, and Nutrition. Future studies will be needed to track quantitative outcome measures.
Mortality in Dementia from 1996 to 2015: A National Registry-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Taudorf Lærke , Nørgaard Ane , Waldemar Gunhild , Laursen Thomas Munk
Published: November 2020

Background: It remains unclear whether the increased focus on improving healthcare and providing appropriate care for people with dementia has affected mortality. Objective: To assess survival and to conduct a time trend analysis of annual mortality rate ratios (MRR) of dementia based on healthcare data from an entire national population. Methods: We assessed survival and annual MRR in all residents of Denmark ≥65 years from 1996–2015 using longitudinal registry data on dementia status and demographics. For comparison, mortality and survival were calculated for acute ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cancer. Results: The population comprised 1,999,366 people (17,541,315 person years). There were 165,716 people (529,629 person years) registered with dementia, 131,321 of whom died. From 1996–2015, the age-adjusted MRR for dementia declined (women: 2.76 to 2.05; men: 3.10 to 1.99) at a similar rate to elderly people without dementia. The sex-, age-, and calendar-year-adjusted MRR was 2.91 (95%CI: 2.90–2.93) for people with dementia. MRR declined significantly more for acute IHD and cancer. In people with dementia, the five-year survival for most age-groups was at a similar level or lower as that for acute IHD and cancer. Conclusion: Although mortality rates declined over the 20-year period, MRR stayed higher for people with dementia, while the MRR gap, compared with elderly people without dementia, remained unchanged. For the comparison, during the same period, the MRR gap narrowed between people with and without acute IHD and cancer. Consequently, initiatives for improving health and decreasing mortality in dementia are still highly relevant.
Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient for Navigation of Mobile Robots
Authors: de Jesus Junior Costa , Bottega Jair Augusto , Cuadros Marco Antonio de Souza Leite , Gamarra Daniel Fernando Tello
Published: November 2020

This article describes the use of the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient network, a deep reinforcement learning algorithm, for mobile robot navigation. The neural network structure has as inputs laser range findings, angular and linear velocities of the robot, and position and orientation of the mobile robot with respect to a goal position. The outputs of the network will be the angular and linear velocities used as control signals for the robot. The experiments demonstrated that deep reinforcement learning’s techniques that uses continuous actions, are efficient for decision-making in a mobile robot. Nevertheless, the design of the reward functions constitutes an important issue in the performance of deep reinforcement learning algorithms. In order to show the performance of the Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithm, we have applied successfully the proposed architecture in simulated environments and in experiments with a real robot.
Optimal Fractional-Order Fuzzy-MPPT for solar water pumping system
Authors: Shalaby Raafat , Ammar Hossam Hassan , Azar Ahmad Taher , Mahmoud Mohamed I.
Published: November 2020

This paper seeks to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system using Fractional-order Fuzzy Maximum Power Point Tracking (FoF-MPPT) control and Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) technique. The fractional calculus has been used to provide an enhanced model of PV water pumping system to, accurately, describe its nonlinear characteristics. Moreover, three metaheuristic optimizers are applied to tune the parameters of the proposed FoF-MPPT, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and the GWO. The FoF-MPPT is intensively tested and compared to the Perturb and Observe (PO), the Incremental Conductance (INC) and the FL-MPPT controllers. A MATLAB-Simscape based physical model of the PV water pumping system has been developed and simulated for different control techniques with the proposed optimization algorithms. The response of the PV water pumping systems is evaluated under rapidly changing weather conditions to prove the effectiveness of the optimized FoF-MPPT compared to the conventional algorithms. The reliability of the comparative study has been emphasized in terms of several transient tracking and steady- state performance indices under different operating conditions. The simulation results show the effective performance of the proposed metaheuristic optimized FL-MPPT and FoF-MPPT control under different climatic conditions with disturbance rejection and robustness analysis.
Urologic guidelines for the care and management of people with spina bifida
Authors: Joseph David B. , Baum Michelle A. , Tanaka Stacy T. , Frimberger Dominic C. , Misseri Rosalia , Khavari Rose , Baillie Sharon , Yerkes Elizabeth B. , Wood Hadley
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE: The life expectancy for people with spina bifida has increased, thus resulting in greater need for guidelines in urologic care in order to protect normal renal function, to develop strategies for urinary continence, and to advance independence through adult years. METHODS: The English literature was assessed from 2002–2015; greater than 300 publications identified. Case reports and opinion pieces were eliminated leaving 100 for in depth review. Clinical questions were then established for each age group that allowed for focused assessment. RESULTS: There was no Level 1 evidence for any of the defined clinical questions. This resulted in group consensus for all questions throughout all age groups. Guidelines were provided for identifying a symptomatic urinary infection, the role of urodynamic bladder testing and identification of bladder hostility, determining methods of renal function assessment and surveillance, the initiation of continence control, and transitioning to self-care through the teen and adult years. CONCLUSION: Urologic guidelines continue to be based on clinical consensus due to the lack of high level evidence-based research. Further research is required in all aspects of urologic management. While not the “Standard of Care,” these guidelines should be considered “Best Practice”.
Bowel function and care: Guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida
Authors: Beierwaltes Patricia , Church Paige , Gordon Tiffany , Ambartsumyan Lusine
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE: Bowel dysfunction, such as constipation and fecal incontinence, has a significant impact on health, activities of daily living, and quality of life among people with spina bifida. Secondary complications may result from bowel dysfunction and include urologic dysfunction, loss of skin integrity, shunt (hydrocephalus) function, as well as loss of social opportunities and employability. METHODS: Using a consensus building methodology, the guidelines for management of bowel dysfunction in spina bifida were written by experts in the field of spina bifida and bowel function and care. RESULTS: The evidence-based guidelines are presented in table format and provide age-specific recommendations to achieve fecal continence without constipation. Recommended treatments are presented from least to most invasive options. Literature supporting the recommendations and the interval research published to date is also presented. CONCLUSION: These guidelines present a standardized approach to management of bowel dysfunction in spina bifida. Bowel management in children and young adults with spina bifida is limited by variability in clinical practice and paucity of robust research in neurogenic bowel. Collaborative multi-institutional efforts are needed to overcome research barriers and provide innovative solutions.
Orthopedic guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida
Authors: Conklin Michael J. , Kishan Shyam , Nanayakkara Chanka B. , Rosenfeld Samuel R.
Published: November 2020

Orthopedic or musculoskeletal problems are common in individuals with spina bifida. They can affect function and mobility and, in the case of spinal deformity, affect pulmonary function. We discuss the current treatment guidelines developed through collaboration with the Spina Bifida Association and the Orthopedics and Mobility working group using a specific methodology previously reported [1,2]. General considerations are discussed followed by evaluation and treatment guidelines for specific age ranges. References are provided where applicable, but where data is lacking treatment guidelines fall under the umbrella of clinical consensus. This leaves “research gaps” where areas of possible future study could be considered.
HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES ON THE BLOOD PRESSURE IN MEDICAL STUDENTS’ ORGANISM
Authors: Derkach Sergej , Blagaіa Anna
Published: November 2020

Blood pressure is one of the critical indicators of a person's physiological state. This indicator and the pulse reflect the state of the cardiovascular system. Their values can directly or indirectly determine the presence of diseases of the heart and blood vessels, and other organs. Therefore, determination of blood pressure among people of different levels of health is an urgent task of modern medicine. The aim of the work: hygienic assessment and monitoring of blood pressure in medical students smoking e-cigarettes. Materials and methods: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the level of systolic, diastolic pressure, mean arterial and pulse pressure in medical students aged 18-23 years, before and after smoking e-cigarettes was carried out. Results: The findings of the study fully reflect the importance of tonometry. Thus, the level of systolic blood pressure increased after 10 minutes by an average of 7.7%, but after 50 minutes returned to optimal value. The level of diastolic blood pressure increased after 10 minutes by an average of 8.8%, but after 50 minutes – an increase of 4%. Conclusions: This type of changes in the short period are not critical, as the body’ compensatory mechanisms stabilize hemodynamic parameters, but daily smoking can lead to the development of COPD, as well as pathology of the cardiovascular system, including myocardial ischemia or heart failure. Therefore, smoking e-cigarettes cannot be attributed to a harmless type of habit.
MODIFICATION OF GUT BACTERIAL BILE SALT HYDROLASE ACTIVITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK: A RANDOMIZED STUDY
Authors: Neverovskyi Artem , Chernyavskyi Volodymyr , Shypulin Vadim , Gvozdecka Lesya , Mikhn`ova Nataliya
Published: November 2020

Introduction: secretion of bacterial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) is one of the main mechanisms by which gut microbiota play role in cholesterol metabolism. There are limiting and controversial data regarding the clear effect of gut BSH activity correction on modification of serum cholesterol and cardiovascular risk (CVR). Aim of investigation was to evaluate the relationship between modification of the gut bacterial BSH relative activity (RA) by probiotic L. plantarum and serum cholesterol with CVR levels. Methods: the study was conducted as open, comparative, randomized, parallel and included 26 almost healthy participants (healthy control group) and 77 patients with dyslipidemia and without anamnesis of major cardiovascular events, that were divided in two groups: main treatment group (n=41) received combination therapy (capsules with Lactobacillus plantarum in the amount of 2*109 CFU one time a day and tablets simvastatin 20 mg one time a day) and control treatment group (n=36) received monotherapy (simvastatin 20 mg one time a day) during 12 weeks. Before and after 12 weeks of treatment the assessment of total RA of gut BSH, lipid profile and CVR level according to 5 risk scores were performed. Results: at baseline the RA of BSH was higher in healthy adults comparing to participants with dyslipidemia (p<0,001); after 12 weeks of treatment there wasn`t difference between healthy control and only main treatment groups (р=0,45). It was found that with increasing of RA of gut bacterial BSH, the risk of failure of treatment efficacy endpoints achievement (³20% reduction of values) decreased regarding: total cholesterol (TC) (p=0,0306), OR=0,00133 (95% CI; 3,28*10-6-0,538); low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (p<0,001), OR=5,65*10-14(95% CI; 6,38*10-20-5*10-8); CVR level according to Framingham score (р=0,0035), OR=4,09*10-5(95% CI; 4,66*10-8-0,0359); CVR level according to 2013 ACC/AHA algorithm (р=0,0135), OR=3,8*10-4(95% CI; 7,34*10-7-0,197); CVR level according to PROCAM score (p=0,00125), OR=8,38*10-6 (95%; CI; 6,93*10-9-0,0101). Conclusions: additional supplementation with BSH-producing bacteria L. plantarum was more effective in increasing of BSH activity compared to simvastatin monotherapy. Increasing of BSH RA by L. plantarum was associated with higher chances to achieve treatment efficacy goals regarding reduction of TC, LDL and CVR levels according to Framingham, 2013 ACC/AHA algorithm and PROCAM scores.
Riserva, produzione, mercato e consumo di manganese brasiliano tra il 2010 e il 2013
Authors: Torres Carine Correa , Araújo Franciolli da Silva Dantas , Fecury Amanda Alves , Oliveira Euzébio , Dendasck Carla Viana , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: November 2020

Di solito trovato allo stato solido, il manganese (Mn) è una sostanza metallica, è uno degli elementi più abbondanti della crosta terrestre, essendo associato ad altri elementi, formando vari tipi di minerali, ma ce ne sono pochi che compongono i minerali del minerale di manganese. L’estrazione, o estrazione mineraria, di minerale di manganese può essere effettuata con il metodo a cielo aperto con l’uso di escavatori meccanici, increspature, dragline o altre attrezzature, senza l’uso di esplosivi. Le riserve discusse nell’articolo si riferiscono alle riserve lavabili ufficialmente approvate dal Dipartimento Nazionale della Produzione Mineraria, trascurando quelle sotto la licenza, l’estrazione e l’autorizzazione dell’estrazione mineraria. La ricerca è stata condotta in sintesi minerali pubblicate dal Dipartimento Nazionale della Produzione Minerale – DNPM, i dati sono stati presi dai riassunti e compilati nel programma Excel del pacchetto Office di Microsoft Corporatoion, per ulteriori analisi. Sono stati utilizzati articoli scientifici dei database Di Google Scholar, Scielo e Periodicos Capes. È stato osservato che la produzione di manganese è strettamente correlata al mercato dei consumi, diminuendo o aumentando in base alle sue esigenze. Ciò che può influenzare il mantenimento del Brasile in una posizione privilegiata tra i principali produttori di manganese al mondo sono le sue riserve. Poiché si tratta di riserve grandi e ad alto contenuto in Brasile, lo sfruttamento del minerale di manganese diventa economicamente redditizio, aumentando la produzione, data la domanda del mercato interno ed estero dei consumatori. Gli stati che detengono la maggior parte della produzione sono Pará (70%), Minas Gerais (15%) e Mato Grosso do Sul (14,6%). Alla base dei risultati presentati, si comprende che il Brasile ha un potenziale sufficiente per essere in una posizione più vantaggiosa tra i principali produttori di manganese al mondo, a causa delle riserve di cui dispone. Nonostante abbia notevoli quantità, il Brasile deve ancora investire in ricerche che indica nuove riserve da età, in modo che la produzione brasiliana soddisfi la crescente domanda del mercato dei consumatori, soprattutto quando si riferisce all’esportazione dei suoi prodotti, poiché il suo aumento offre vantaggi al paese.
Hubungan Panjang Badan Lahir dan Riwayat Imunisasi Dasar dengan Kejadian Stunting Balita
Authors: Windra Doni Alsri , Yusefni Elda , Susanti Dewi , Kartika Wulandari Putri
Published: November 2020

Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak akibat kekurangan gizi kronis sejak dalam kandungan sampai usia 2 tahun sehingga anak terlalu pendek untuk usianya. Data Riskesdas  prevalensi stunting secara nasional tahun 2007 sebesar 36,8 %, tahun 2013 sebesar 37, 2% dan tahun 2018 sebesar 30,8% . Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan panjang badan lahir dan riwayat imunisasi dasar dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan metode study literatur review jenis narrative review. Populasi penelitian ini Anak balita umur 12–59 bulan. Sampel penelitian dengan literatur yang diambil saat study literature review. Tahapan pengumpulan data berpedoman pada studi study literature review. Hasil penelitian ada hubungan panjang badan lahir dan riwayat imunisasi dasar dengan kejadian stunting dimana  panjang badan lahir dapat memicu stunting dan riwayat imunisasi dasar yang tidak lengkap berisiko terjadinya stunitng. Kesimpulan diketahui mayoritas kejadian stunting  terjadi pada anak balita. Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan lebih meningkatkan upaya untuk mencegah stunitng di wilayah kerjanya masing-masing.
Assessing the response of exploited marine populations in a context of rapid climate change: the case of blackspot seabream from the Strait of Gibraltar
Authors:   Inst. Español de Oceanografia (IEO), Spain, Báez J. C. , Macías D. ,   Inst. Español de Oceanografia (IEO), De Castro M. ,   Univ. de Vigo, Spain, Gómez-Gesteira M. ,   Univ. de Vigo, Spain, Gimeno L. ,   Univ. de Vigo, Spain, Real R. ,   Univ. de Málaga, Spain
Published: November 2020

There is a growing concern over the decline of fisheries and the possibility of the decline becoming worse due to climate change. Studies on small–scale fisheries could help to improve our understanding of the effect of climate on the ecology of exploited stocks. The Strait of Gibraltar is an important fishery ground for artisanal fleets. In this area, blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) is the main species targeted by artisanal fisheries in view of its relevance in landed weight. The aims of this study were to explore the possible effects of two atmospheric oscillations, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO), on the capture of blackspot seabream in the Strait of Gibraltar, to determine their association with oceanographic conditions, and to improve our knowledge about the possible effects of climate change on fisheries ecology so that fishery management can be improved. We used two types of data from different sources: (i) landings per unit of effort reported from a second working group between Morocco and Spain on Pagellus bogaraveo in the Gibraltar Strait area, for the period 1983–2011, and (ii) the recorded blackspot seabream landings obtained from the annual fisheries statistics published by the Junta de Andalucía (Andalusian Regional Government). Our results indicate that the long–term landing of blackspot seabream in the Strait of Gibraltar is closely associated with atmospheric oscillations. Thus, prolonged periods of positive trends in the NAO and AO could favour high fishery yields. In contrast, negative trends in NAO and AO could drastically reduce yield.
Sarpa salpa herbivory on shallow reaches of Posidonia oceanica beds
Authors:   Dauphin Island Sea Lab, USA, Steele L. , Darnelli K. M. ,   Marine Science Inst., Univ. of Texas, USA, Cebrián J. ,   Dauphin Island Sea Lab, USA, Sánchez-Lizaso J. L. ,   Univ. of Alicante, Spain
Published: November 2020

Here, we examined the temporal and small–scale spatial variability of grazing by the herbivorous fish Sarpa salpa on shallow beds of the temperate seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Herbivory intensity expressed as the percent of leaf area taken by fish bites was higher in September 2006 than in February 2007, and at 0.5 m than at 1.5 m during both sampling times. All S. salpa feeding at the shallow locations studied were juveniles, with bite sizes ranging from 0.03 to 0.62 cm2. Juveniles feeding at 1.5 m were larger in February 2007 than in September 2006, as evidenced by significant differences in mean bite size per shoot. However, the larger juveniles feeding at 1.5 m in February 2007 did not appear to feed as frequently as the comparatively smaller juveniles feeding at the same depth in September 2006, as suggested by significant differences in number of bites per shoot. The number of bites per shoot was also lower at 1.5 m than at 0.5 m in February 2007, although mean bite size did not differ significantly between the two depths at that sampling time. In general S. salpa juveniles did not select a particular range of leaf ages when feeding in the study locations, although the juveniles feeding at 1.5 m in September 2006 appeared to select mid–aged leaves. Fish did not show a preference for more epiphytized leaves. These results show that grazing activity by S. salpa juveniles in shallow reaches of P. oceanica meadows may vary temporally and across small changes in depth, which in turn may affect the overall intensity of herbivory on the seagrass.
Preferencia de hábitat del murciélago hortelano meridional Eptesicus isabellinus (Temminck, 1840) en ambientes mediterráneos semiáridos
Authors:   Univ. de Murcia, Spain, Lisón F. , A. Haz , Calvo J. F. ,   Univ. de Murcia, Spain
Published: November 2020

Several molecular studies have recently reported the presence of a second species of the genus Eptesicus in the Iberian peninsula, the meridional serotine bat, E. isabellinus. This species is present in the south of Iberia and it seems to have an allopatric distribution with its twin species, E. serotinus. Ecological studies are now needed to understand the biology of E. isabellinus in southeast Spain. In this study, we used presence–only data for E. isabellinus to perform an ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA) and to create a habitat suitability map (HSM). Our results show that the species has a low marginality index, suggesting it is well adapted to the semiarid conditions of the study area. The main habitats used by E. isabellinus are water courses, scrublands, and zones with high primary productivity. The species avoids non–irrigated cropland and shows no preference for human settlements or irrigated cropland. This study provides information about the ecology of E. isabellinus in southeast Spain and allows us to discuss relevant aspects for its conservation.
A new endemic species of Bryconamericus (Characiformes, Characidae) from the Middle Cauca River Basin, Colombia
Authors:   Univ. del Quindío, Colombia, Román–Valencia C. , Ruiz-C. R. I. , Taphorn D. C. ,   Univ. del Quindío, Colombia, García-Alzate C. ,   Univ. del Atlántico, Colombia
Published: November 2020

Bryconamericus caldasi, a new species, is described from the Middle Cauca River drainage, Andean versant of Colombia. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by: the number of predorsal scales (15–17 vs. 9–14); a wide anterior maxilla tooth, at least twice as wide as the posterior tooth, both of which are pentacuspid (vs. maxilla teeth of same size); a dark lateral stripe overlaid by a peduncular spot; and a reticulated pattern on the sides of body (vs. peduncular spot and other body pigments not superimposed over a dark lateral stripe). We found several differences that distinguish the new species from B. caucanus, the only sympatric congener: number of predorsal median scales (15–17 vs. 12–13); convex predorsal profile (vs. oblique); scale size and number of scale rows at caudal–fin base (small scales arranged in two or more rows vs. large scales in just one row); pectoral fins not or just reaching pelvic fin insertions (vs. pectoral fins reaching posterior to pelvic–fin insertions); and dorsal–fin origin position (at vertical through posterior tip of pelvic–fin vs. at a vertical anterior to pelvic–fin tip).