bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Proximities in Coworking Spaces: Evidence from Italy
Authors: Mariotti Ilaria , Akhavan Mina
Published: August 2020

Since the mid-2000s, the rising phenomenon of coworking spaces (CSs) has provided a flexible and mainly affordable solution for freelancers, entrepreneurs, small firms and start-ups, which may had experienced the issues of isolation when working from home, to work in a shared workplace, interact, socialize and share knowledge. This article explores the phenomenon of CSs within the theoretical framework of proximity measures a là Boschma (2005) – cognitive, organisational, social and institutional – that underpin the aspects of innovation, interaction and knowledge exchange. Though some studies on CSs have indirectly studied the different aspects of proximity, only a few of them focused on the importance of proximity measures at the workspace. With the aim to fill the gap in the literature, an empirical study was applied to Italy with 549 active CSs in 2018. The data was collected through an on-line questionnaire, addressed to a sample of 326 coworkers, focusing mainly on the set of questions devoted to understanding whether coworkers have exploited the proximity typologies in their CSs, have experienced increases in their revenues and well-being. The results are critically discussed, and some insights on policy implications are proposed.
An Integrative Modelling Approach to Analyse Landscape Dynamics Through Intensity Analysis and Cellular Automata-Markov Chain Model
Authors: Hasani Mohammad , Salmanmahiny Abdolrassoul , Tabrizi Alireza Mikaeili
Published: August 2020

The goal of this study is offer a deep understanding of the landscape dynamics in the Gorgan Township, the Golestan Province, Iran. Landsat satellite imagery of two different time thresholds, i.e. the years 1992 and 2011, was acquired from the US Geological Survey database and the changes were quantified for the Gorgan area covering a 19-year time span. Furthermore, an integrated Cellular Automata-Markov Chain (CA-MC) model was applied to predict future changes up to the year 2030. We used the intensity analysis method to compare the historical dynamics of different land categories at multiple levels. The results indicated that during the 19 years, the built-up and forest areas increased by 2.33% and 0.27%, respectively, while agriculture and remnant vegetation decreased by 2.43% and 0.24%, respectively. The CA-MC model illustrated that in the following 19 years, the built-up areas could increase by 2.45%. An intensity analysis revealed that forest gains and losses were dormant while remnant vegetation gains and losses were active. The built-up area’s gains and water bodies’ losses were active and stationary during both time intervals. The transitions from water bodies and remnant vegetation to agriculture were regularly targeting and stationary, while the transition from forest to agriculture was regularly avoiding and stationary. Our findings also indicated a heavy systematic transition from agriculture to built-up areas. Regarding the increasing population growth and urbanisation in the region, the outcomes of this study can help make informed decisions for the management and protection of natural resources in the study area.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ТИПИЗАЦИИ ЗАПАСОВ УГЛЕЙ ДЛЯ ЕДИНОГО УЧЕТА
Authors: Охотников Константин Владимирович
Published: July 2020

Актуальность. Исследование проблем и существующих предпосылок в создании единого учета угольной массы в виде запасов в недрах, сырья при добыче и товара при реализации показало допустимость решения данной задачи. Единый учёт позволит достоверно оценивать ресурсный потенциал угольных бассейнов и отдельных недропользователей, делая его открытым и понятным для международных инвестиций. С другой стороны, устраняется несогласованность в государственном регулировании налогообложения за пользование недрами. Цель: предложить подход к формированию единой классификации углей для типизации запасов. Объекты: месторождения каменного, бурого угля и антрацита. Апробация проводилась на углях разного марочного состава действующих участков угольной компании «Ресурс», расположенных в Ерунаковском, Прокопьевско-Киселевском геолого-экономических районах. Предлагаемый подход опирается на существующую нормативную базу стандартов стран СНГ, в частности ГОСТ 25543-2013. Методы: сравнительный анализ существующих подходов классифицирования углей, применение марок, технологических групп и направления использования как критериев для типизации запасов. Результаты. Показана проблема понимания глубокой переработки как критерия оценки ценности углей, необходимость внесения данного критерия в виде требования для правильного проведения геологоразведочных работ, направленных на выявление и оконтуривание углей с различными технологическими свойствами. Данный критерий, наряду с другими показателями ценности угольного сырья, необходим для деления углей по типам в зависимости от глубокой их переработки. Даны рекомендации по ранжированию углей на основе технологических групп, и представлена типизация запасов углей. Дифференциация угольных запасов по направлениям использования углей, как критерий оценки, обеспечивает правильное обоснование и проектирование разведки в границах лицензионного участка.
СХОДИМОСТЬ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО МЕТОДА ДЕШИФРИРОВАНИЯ С ПОЛЕВЫМИ РАБОТАМИ НА ЛИНЕЙНОМ ОБЪЕКТЕ. НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОПОЛЗНЕВОГО УЧАСТКА
Authors: Баборыкин Максим Юрьевич
Published: July 2020

Рассматривается технология воздушного лазерного сканирования, применяемая для изучения топографии, геоморфологии и картирования опасных геологических процессов с описанием,требуемымв нормативных документах, а также сопоставление данных дистанционного метода прогнозного определения зеркала скольжения с геофизическими и геологическими методами исследований. Цель: проведение работ для получения положительной статистики применения метода дешифрирования материаловвоздушного лазерного сканированиясовмещенного с цифровой аэрофотосъёмкой для изученияоползней; сопоставление прогнозных данных зеркала скольжения с классическими геологическими и геофизическими исследованиями оползневого участка и, как следствие, выявление надежности применения метода дешифрирования материалов воздушного лазерного сканирования. Объект: участок склона проектного проложения магистрального трубопровода. Предмет исследования – гравитационные геологические процессы, их форма, состояние и активность. Методы: метод дешифрирования материалов воздушного лазерного сканированияс выделением оползней по прямым признакам. Так как лазерное сканирование местности позволяет получить массив точек лазерных отражений от поверхности грунта при наличии растительности, выделение оползней по прямым признакампозволяет установить их границы и текстурные особенности. Применялись традиционные методы исследований, геодезическая съёмка местности, бурение скважин, геофизические исследования и т.д. Результаты. Сопоставление дистанционного метода и полевых изысканий показало достаточно высокую сходимость по выявлению оползней (границ тел и их внешнего облика). Определение предполагаемого зеркала скольжения оползня по его внешнему облику для дополевой оценки также показывает сходимость результатов достаточную для оценки при выборе конкурентных направлений. Мировой опыт, накопленный в области применения аэрометодов в съемках, показывает их исключительную эффективность. Таким образом, метод эффективен для принятия проектных решений перед полевыми исследованиями, а также исключает возможность недоизученности территории непосредственно перед началом полевых исследований.
Seagrass Vegetation Analysis on The Coast of Hadirin and Batu Lawang Beach Karimunjawa National Park
Authors: Hasyim Muhammad Asmuni , Yaqin Muhammad Ainul , Ulum M. Bahrul , Hanifa Berry Fakhry , Cahyono Teguh
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and condition of seagrass communities  in the waters of hadirin Beach and Batu lawang karimunjawa. national park. This exploratory research used descriptive qualitative methods, each study location is divided into two transects. Data identified at SPTN Office 1 Kemujan Karimunjawa National Park. The results of the study were six species of seagrass, namely: Holodule uninervise, Thalassodendron ciliatum, Halophila minor, Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea serrulata. The percentage of seagrass cover namely Holodule uninervise is 38.04 %. Thalassodendron ciliatum of 6.25%, Halophila minor of 29.56%, Syringodium isoetifolium of 31.25%, Thalassia hemprichii at 14.21% and Cymodocea serrulata to 16.9%. The highest density of seagrass species in Hadirin Beach is from the Uninervise holodule species 72.30%, with 858 stands on the first transect and 54.66% on the second transect with 253 stands. Whereas for the highest Batu Lawang Beach is the species of Thalassia hemprichii 51.1% with 162 stands, on the first transect and 44.9% with 114 stands. The substrate has the type of sandy clay and coral fragments. Holodule uninervise is the most dominant species found on the beach of Hadirin meanwhile Thalassia hemprichi is the most dominant species in Batu Lawang.
MAPPING SCHOOL BULLYING PADA ANAK DI KOTA SAMARINDA DENGAN EPI MAP
Authors: Susanti Rahmi , Ifroh Riza Hayati , Wulansari Ika
Published: July 2020

Siswa sekolah dasar mengalami intimidasi baik secara fisik maupun mental sebanyak 80%. Terdapat 457 kasus pelecehan seksual dan kekerasan pada anak yang terjadi di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, diantaranya terdapat kasus bullying sepanjang tahun 2015 lalu. Siswa usia remaja di Kota Samarinda sebanyak 23% memiliki tingkat bullying yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan mapping school bullying di sekolah dasar negeri Kota Samarinda tahun 2016. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif untuk melihat pola sebaran school bullying di Kota Samarinda. Lokasi penelitian ini di Kota Samarinda, dimana responden berasal dari 30 sekolah dasar negeri di 10 kecamatan. Penentuan sekolah dasar yang menjadi lokasi penyebaran angket ditentukan oleh UPTD setempat. Data diolah menggunakan bantuan Epi Info pada menu Epi Map. Besar sampel yang digunakan sebagai responden berjumlah 1.491 yang terdiri dari siswa laki laki dan perempuan. Sebaran angka school bullying dimuat kedalam peta Samarinda yang terbagi menjadi 10 kecamatan. Peta menggambarkan angka berdasarkan chloropeth dan dot density per wilayah. Pelaku school bullying mencapai 544 anak dan korban school bullying 769. kecamatan dengan pelaku tertinggi adalah Samarinda kota yakni 43.50% dan kecamatan dengan korban tertinggi adalah Sambutan yakni 57,50%. Berdasarkan hal ini maka perlu pembentukan tim satuan anti penindasan di sekolah dapat dilakukan oleh pihak sekolah agar menjadi wadah pengawasan terhadap kejadian school bullying.
INSPEKSI KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH DASAR DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Azizah Nur Risca , Puspikawati Septa Indra , Oktanova Merrisa Ayu
Published: July 2020

Kondisi lingkungan sekolah yang buruk berisiko menimbulkan penyakit, untuk itu inspeksi kesehatan lingkungan sekolah diperlukan guna menjaga lingkungan sekolah agar tetap sehat serta terwujud perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat bagi siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran sanitasi sekolah dasar yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mojopanggung Banyuwangi. Metode penelitian ini adalah desktiptif observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling yaitu 22 sekolah dasar. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Februari 2018. Variabel penelitian terdiri dari variabel lingkungan, fasilitas sanitasi, bangunan atau gedung, kebersihan perorangan dan lain-lain. Variabel tersebut diukur dengan instrumen inspeksi kesehatan lingkungan sekolah yang dibuat oleh Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menampilkan distribusi frekuensi dari masing-masing variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua sekolah (100%) telah memenuhi variabel lingkungan dengan baik, sebanyak 2 sekolah (9,1%) memiliki fasilitas sekolah kurang baik karena pengaruh letak geografis wilayahnya yang lebih tinggi dari area sekolah lain. Terdapat 1 sekolah (4,6%) yang memiliki bangunan kurang baik karena ruangan kelas tidak rapi dan kotor. Masih ada murid di 3 sekolah (13,6%) yang kebersihan perorangannya kurang baik, masih banyak siswa yang memiliki kuku yang panjang dan kotor.
Les bases de la génétique quantitative : Populations et variabilité
Authors: MALLARD J.
Published: July 2020

Cet article présente de façon aussi imagée et peu calculatoire que possible un certain nombre de concepts de base de statistique. Sont définies successivement les notions de population et de distribution des caractères, de moyenne, de variance et de corrélation. Le principe de la prédiction par régression est développé, ainsi que celui de techniques de représentation de distributions multidimensionnelles.
Les bases de la génétique quantitative : Du modèle génétique au modèle statistique
Authors: DUCROCQ V.
Published: July 2020

L’étape préliminaire à l’étude d’un caractère quantitatif est la modélisation statistique des observations, c’est-à-dire la représentation mathématique d’une réalité biologique, cohérente avec le modèle génétique. Ce modèle décrit très généralement chaque observation comme étant la somme d’effets du milieu et d’effets génétiques. Différentes façons de modéliser chacune de ces parties sont possibles en fonction des objectifs de l’étude, et ont des conséquences diverses sur les hypothèses requises pour l’obtention de résultats fiables. Ainsi, il est essentiel d’inclure dans l’analyse uniquement les facteurs du milieu ayant un effet important sur la performance observée, mais sans en omettre aucun. On peut ne faire intervenir dans la partie génétique du modèle que des animaux apparentés aux animaux "auteurs" des observations. Des simplifications importantes notamment calculatoires peuvent en découler, mais les résultats peuvent alors être fortement biaisés si certaines hypothèses qu’il faut faire ne sont pas vérifiées. Enfin, selon qu’une connaissance a priori des caractéristiques statistiques des effets est disponible et utilisée, il est possible de distinguer trois types de modèles (à effets fixés, aléatoires ou mixtes) auxquels correspondent des méthodes différentes d’estimation des paramètres étudiés.
Les bases de la génétique quantitative : Le progrès génétique et sa réalisation dans les expériences de sélection
Authors: DE ROCHAMBEAU H.
Published: July 2020

La génétique quantitative fournit un modèle pour prévoir a priori le progrès génétique. Il est fonction de l’intensité de sélection, de la précision, de la racine carrée de la variance génétique additive et de l’intervalle entre générations. L’intensité de sélection est fonction de la différentielle de sélection ou du taux de sélection. La précision dépend de l’héritabilité du caractère sélectionné et de la méthode utilisée. L’intervalle entre générations est l’âge moyen des parents à la naissance de leurs descendants qui seront soumis à la sélection pour produire la génération suivante. La réalisation d’expériences de sélection confirme la validité de ce modèle, tout en montrant ses limites. Dans le cas d’une expérience de sélection sur le gain de poids post-sevrage chez la souris, on observe, après 14 générations, une réponse qui augmente avec l’intensité de sélection et avec la taille de la population. Dans le cas d’une expérience de sélection pour le nombre d’oeufs chez la poule, la sélection est toujours efficace après 30 générations. Il existe différentes modalités de sélection. La sélection individuelle ou massale consiste à choisir les individus d’après leurs propres performances. Les performances des individus apparentés aux candidats sont des sources d’information complémentaires. On distingue classiquement trois types d’apparentés (les ascendants, les collatéraux et les descendants), et donc trois autres modalités : la sélection sur ascendance, sur collatéraux et sur descendance.
Les bases de la génétique quantitative : Les méthodes de mise en évidence des gènes majeurs
Authors: LE ROY P.
Published: July 2020

S’il existe un gène à effet majeur sur un caractère, la distribution des phénotypes est un mélange de distributions élémentaires dans des proportions obéissant aux lois de Mendel. Différents tests statistiques basés sur ce principe sont présentés. Les données exploitées peuvent provenir d’expériences de croisements spécialement conçues pour détecter un gène majeur, mais aussi de fichiers de contrôle des performances de structure quelconque. Les méthodes utilisées sont des tests d’hypothèses permettant de choisir entre l’absence et la présence d’un locus majeur à partir des informations disponibles. Il s’agit soit d’indicateurs numériquement très simples à obtenir, soit de méthodes plus complexes faisant appel aux techniques du maximum de vraisemblance. Dans l’un et l’autre cas, les tests construits prennent plus ou moins en compte la structure généalogique de la population. La méthode la plus élaborée est l’analyse de ségrégation qui permet de synthétiser toute l’information disponible pour comparer différentes hypothèses de transmission du caractère et qui fournit des estimations des paramètres du modèle génétique retenu. Cependant, elle est numériquement très coûteuse et nécessite des simplifications pour être applicable aux populations d’animaux domestiques. Des critères moins puissants mais plus simples ont donc un intérêt non négligeable en permettant en première approche une recherche systématique des gènes à effet majeur.
L’évaluation des reproducteurs : Le modèle sous-jacent à l’évaluation des valeurs génétiques
Authors: BOICHARD D. , BONAÏTI B. , BARBAT A. , BRIEND M.
Published: July 2020

La valeur génétique additive peut être prédite en modélisant d’une part les performances, d’autre part le déterminisme génétique des caractères. Les performances sont décomposées en effets génétiques, en effets de milieu identifiés et en une résiduelle du modèle, constituée de multiples effets génétiques ou de milieu non identifiés et non maîtrisés. Si le déterminisme du caractère est polygénique additif, la corrélation entre les valeurs génétiques de deux individus est proportionnelle à leur coefficient de parenté. Toute l’information (performances, facteurs de variation, relations de parenté) est combinée en un système d’équations unique qui permet d’estimer simultanément les effets génétiques et les effets de milieu. L’adoption d’un modèle "animal" permet de combiner toute cette information de façon optimale et de prendre en compte l’effet de la sélection et des accouplements non au hasard dans la population. Grâce à la structure de l’inverse de la matrice de parentés, le modèle animal fournit des équations très simples, facilitant l’explication et la diffusion de son principe : un effet de milieu est estimé par une moyenne de performances ajustées ; l’index d’un individu combine trois informations, sur ascendance, sur descendance et sur performances propres. Le modèle est souple et peut facilement être modifié pour prendre en compte des situations complexes. L’évaluation génétique est bien sûr un outil de sélection mais, compte tenu de ses propriétés, représente aussi un outil puissant de diagnostic et de prévision.
L’évaluation des reproducteurs : L’analyse de la longévité
Authors: DUCROCQ V.
Published: July 2020

pas de résumé disponible pour cet article
L’évaluation des reproducteurs : Les index multicaractères
Authors: MALLARD J.
Published: July 2020

La sélection porte simultanément sur plusieurs caractères. Leur prise en compte suppose que l’on sache établir l’importance relative qu’ils revêtent au sein d’un objectif global unique. Ils sont de nature et d’importance très diverses, caractérisés par des paramètres phénotypiques, génétiques et économiques fort variables. Une solution conceptuellement simple consiste à déterminer pour chaque caractère le supplément de rentabilité engendré par son augmentation de une unité. En pondérant chaque index partiel par le "prix" ainsi défini du caractère correspondant, on obtient un total qui représente l’intéret économique global du reproducteur. Ce procédé n’est cependant jamais utilisé sans précautions. Un objectif de sélection, selon l’idée que s’en fait le sélectionneur, n’est pas entièrement réductible à la connaissance de ces seuls critères économiques. La détermination d’une pondération se poursuit par une succession de tâtonnements, qui permettent de déterminer un compromis entre les calculs économiques, les possibilités d’évolution génétique de la population et ce que l’on pense des exigences à venir du marché. Il existe bien quelques outils mathématiques pour accélérer la "convergence" vers cet heureux compromis. Mais il ne s’agit que de commodités. Ils n’enlèvent pas à la décision prise son caractère de pari sur un avenir lointain.
La gestion des populations : L’évaluation de la diversité génétique des gros animaux de ferme
Authors: LAUVERGNE J.J.
Published: July 2020

Même s’il n’existe pas de corps de doctrine officialisée, l’évaluation de la diversité génétique domestique animale est un exercice auquel se sont livrés et se livrent encore de nombreux auteurs. Une telle démarche est évidemment fondamentale en phylogénie, sélection et gestion rationnelle des ressources génétiques de la planète. En ces quelques pages il ne peut être question d’épuiser le sujet, mais de dégager quelques notions de base.
Les apports de la cytogénétique chez le Porc
Authors: POPESCU P.
Published: July 2020

Les verrats ayant conçu des portées de petite taille sont détectés au Centre de Traitement de l’Information Général de l’INRA (CTIG) selon un procédé dérivé du programme national de Gestion technique des troupeaux de truies. Les verrats qui engendrent moins de 8 porcelets nés totaux en moyenne par portée, sur au moins 6 mise bas sont considérés hypoprolifiques et leur caryotype est examiné. Depuis 1979 neuf translocations originales ont été découvertes chez des verrats hypoprolifiques. Chez la truie, les translocations n’ont pas d’effet sur l’intervalle sevrage-oestrus ni sur le taux d’ovulation. Par contre l’intervalle sevrage-fécondation est significativement augmenté. La réduction de la taille des portées des verrats porteurs est provoquée par la formation de gamètes à caryotype déséquilibré qui fécondent mais produisent des embryons non viables. Les anomalies chromosomiques peuvent être utilisées comme marqueurs dans les travaux de cartographie génique et pour le tri de chromosomes par la cytométrie en flux.
Utilisation de marqueurs pour la sauvegarde de la variabilité génétique des populations
Authors: CHEVALET C.
Published: July 2020

On discute une possibilité d’utiliser des marqueurs polymorphes pour contrebalancer, dans une population d’effectif limité, les effets de la dérive aléatoire des fréquences alléliques. Le critère de sélection utilisé est un index favorisant le maintien de l’hétérozygotie aux locus marqueurs. Dans des populations d’effectif petit (moins de 100 reproducteurs efficaces) il semble qu’un marquage peu dense mais uniformément réparti (3 marqueurs pour 100 centimorgans) permette des gains sensables pour le maintien de l’hétérozygotie sur l’ensemble du génome avec une intensité de sélection faible. Par ailleurs la réponse observée aux marqueurs s’avère très élevée même avec un assez grand nombre de marqueurs sélectionnés simultanément.
Analysis of the Characteristics of Residential Function in the Mountainous Cities (Case Study: Rwandz City – Erbil Governorate – Iraq)
Authors: Mahmood Kamaran
Published: August 2020

House is the haven that keeps people from natural and human conditions, it gives them trust, safety, and steadiness. It is one of the most basic human needs this became a serious function which cities offer, and became one of the most important aspects which caught urban researchers interest, they take into consideration a wide range of architectural, social, and economic indicators. The study aims to provide an overall conception of Rwandz residential functions, using a collection of parameters and some GIS and statistical techniques, to help establish plans and future projects to improve the growth of this city and other towns and cities in that area. The study found that the old parts of Rwandz city which are located in the core, differ from the outer parts which are relatively newer in many properties, generally, the core is more densely populated than the outer, bigger family size, more illiteracy, and unemployment, few incomes, older houses, smaller houses, in the opposite of the outer parts. Besides, the study tested the correlation coefficient between the criteria; it found some strong statistical relationships between them, which reflected some real-life properties of the residential function. Lastly, the study designed a regression model to predict the main residential function criteria.
Strategi bermukim Suku Bajo di Desa Mola, Kabupaten Wakatobi
Authors: Eryano Laode Musyafir , Sudaryono Sudaryono , Iskandar Doddy Aditya
Published: July 2020

Desa Mola merupakan salah satu permukiman suku Bajo yang berada di Kepulauan Wakatobi yang memiliki kepadatan cukup tinggi dan berada di pesisir Mandati yang merupakan bagian dari kawasan perkotaan Wangi-Wangi. Perkembangannya permukiman suku Bajo di Desa Mola yang cukup pesat dikhawatirkan akan menciptakan konflik antara masyarakat yang ada di darat dengan suku bajo terkait pemanfaatan laut sebagai tempat bermukim yang di tuding menguntungkan pihak suku Bajo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seperti apa strategi bermukim suku Bajo di Desa Mola yang merupakan wilayah adat orang darat dan apakah strategi tersebut berpotensi menghasilkan konflik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode induktif-kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi yang dalam tahapannya melalui proses grandtour, wawancara mendalam di Desa Mola. Analisa data dilakukan dengan cara kualitatif untuk menjelaskan fenomena yang terjadi terkait ruang, kegiatan dan pelaku yang ada di Desa Mola. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa strategi suku Bajo dalam bermukim yaitu melalui tata kelola lahan di laut  yang diatur oleh lembaga adat Sara Mandati sebagai perwakilan masyarakat yang ada di darat melalui pemberian izin dan rekomendasi terhadap kepemilikan lahan dan pembangunan di laut serta adanya pemberian sanksi terhadap pelanggaran dilakukan. Selain itu Pengelolaan terhadap pemanfataan laut sebagai tempat bermukim suku Bajo oleh Sara Mandati tidak berpotensi menghasilkan konflik karena adanya ikatan sejarah serta adanya hubungan kelembagaan.
Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) dalam Menjawab Tantangan Multikultural di Indonesia : Studi Kasus Papua
Authors: Dewi Nevy Rusmarina , Sholahuddin Ahmad
Published: August 2020

Partai kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB)  is one of the Islamic parties which has a fairly large mass in Indonesia. Its existence in Indonesia is very important to unite the multicultural nation of Indonesia. During Gus Dur's leadership, PKB opened many discourses on the issue of multiculturalism so that many people made PKB a role model in multicultural life. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method using literature study sources in the form of books, websites, articles and newspapers. One case that shows the attitude of PKB is multicultural is the Papua Conflict case. Recent cases have become very important issues for the sustainability of politics and governance in Indonesia. PKB gave a statement in overcoming this conflict, that the Indonesian government immediately resolve the issue. Multicultural open policy has become part of PKB in the political arena in Indonesia. In this article, we will discuss how PKB attitudes in political life in Indonesia, especially regarding attitudes in conflict in Papua.
Kebijakan Sensus Penduduk Online: Integrasi Kepentingan Elit dan Massa
Authors: Utomo Setiyo Budi , Addiansyah M. Nur Rofiq , Fikri Azza Ihsanul
Published: August 2020

Kebijakan sensus penduduk secara on line diterapkan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. Sensus dalam jaringan ini dilakukan pada Tahun 2020. Kebijakan sesus penduduk secara on line merupakan strategi yang dilakukan untuk menghitung jumlah penduduk secara efektif dan efesien. Sensus penduduk secara on line ini juga dilakukan untuk menyesuaikan Era 4.0 yang dilakukan berbasis informasi dan teknologi.  Pelaksanaan sensus secara on line ini mengandalkan big data yang terintegrasi. Sensus penduduk secara daring ini merupakan yang pertama di Indonesia dan mengandalkan bonus demografi. Kebijakan sensus penduduk secara on line ini juga dapat kita lihat dari respon bagaimana integrasi antara elit yakni pemerintah dan masa yakni masayarakat dalam merespon kebijakan sensus penduduk secara on line.
Комплексная диагностика сократит риск второй волны коронавирусной инфекции
Authors: Фишер Леонид , Фишер Ольга
Published: July 2020

Разработки российских медиков позволяют проводить комплексную диагностику для раннего и более точного выявления развития коронавирусной инфекции. Одна из них – метод радиотермометрии, который успешно опробован при диагностике онкологических заболеваний. Комплексная диагностика из нескольких методов особенно важно в условиях возможности возникновения второй волны коронавирусной инфекции.
НАРУШЕНИЯ ФУНКЦИИ ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНОГО ТРАКТА ПРИ COVID-19 У ДЕТЕЙ
Authors: Попова Раиса , Руженцова Татьяна , Хавкина Дарья , Чухляев Павел , Гарбузов Александр , Мешкова Наталья
Published: August 2020

Цель исследования – изучить особенности нарушений функции желудочно-кишечного тракта у детей, больных коронавирусной инфекцией, вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2.

Материалы и методы

Проанализированы данные историй болезней 36 детей, находившихся на лечении с диагнозом: внебольничная пневмония коронавирусной этиологии (вирус SARS-CoV-2 идентифицирован) в детском инфекционном отделении ГБУЗ МО «МГКБ» г. Мытищи. Большинство пациентов имели средне-тяжелую форму заболевания (96%), тяжелых форм не было. Возраст детей был от 8 месяцев до 17 лет. Всем детям в 1-й день госпитализации был проведен клинический осмотр, рентгенографии или компьютерной томографии (КТ) легких, анализы крови клинический и биохимический, коагулограмма, общий анализ мочи. Пациенты получали терапию в условиях стационара в течение 8-15 дней стационарного лечения. За этот период оценка клинического статуса проводилась не реже 1 раза в день, дополнительное обследование – не реже 1 раза в 7 дней, по показаниям – чаще. Вирус SARS-CoV-2 был идентифицирован методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР). Все пациенты получали стандартную терапию в соответствии с временными методическими рекомендациями, по показаниям – другие лекарственные средства.

Результаты и обсуждение

Желудочно-кишечные нарушения проявлялись у пациентов на 4-5 день у 23х детей (64%) и продолжалась от 3 до 5 дней. У большинства детей отмечали диарею (64%) и боли в животе (57%). Другие симптомы, свидетельствующие о дисфункции желудочно-кишечного тракта, были зарегистрированы у 67% детей.

Выводы

Желудочно-кишечные нарушения имеются у большинства детей, госпитализированных с внебольничной пневмонией, вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2. Симптоматика купируется при проведении курса основной терапии, показанной для лечения COVID-19, и дополнительной, рекомендуемой при острых кишечных инфекциях.
Loneliness as a risk factor for frailty transition among older Chinese people
Authors: SHA SHA , Xu Yuebin , Chen Lin
Published: July 2020

Background: Previous literature has reported that loneliness is a strong predictor of frailty risk. However, less is known about the role of loneliness in frailty transition types. This study aimed to examine whether and how loneliness are related to frailty transition among older Chinese people. Methods: Our study used participants (aged ≥60 years) from 2008/2009, 2011/2012 and 2014 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Loneliness was assessed by a single question asking how often the respondent feels lonely. The FRAIL Scale was created to measure physical frailty for our study, and frailty was also assessed by a broader definition of the frailty index. Frailty transition as an outcome variable has been designed as two types according to the measurement of frailty.Results: Greater loneliness at baseline reduced the possibility of remaining in a robust or prefrail physical frailty state after 3 years (OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.68–0.91, p<0.01). Greater loneliness was associated with an increased risk of worsening physical frailty over time: compared with those who had never felt lonely, the odds ratios for people who often felt lonely were 1.19 (95%CI: 1.01–1.41, p<0.05) after 3 years and 1.34 (95%CI: 1.08–1.66, p<0.01) after 6 years. The association between loneliness and change in the frailty index differed in the survey periods: loneliness at baseline was found to increase the possibility of participants remaining in frailty (seldom loneliness: OR= 1.78, 95%CI: 1.25–2.55, p<0.01; often loneliness: OR= 1.74, 95%CI: 1.21–2.50, p<0.01) after 6 years, but no significance was shown in the 3-year follow up. Additionally, loneliness at baselines was significantly associated with frailty transition at follow up among the male participants. However, a similar association was not observed among the female participants.Conclusion: Older people with a high level of loneliness tend to be frail in the future, and greater loneliness is related to an increased risk of worsening frailty and remaining frail. Male elderly with a high level of loneliness were more likely to have a worse frailty transition than female elderly in China.
The hospice as a learning environment: A follow-up, qualitative study with palliative care professionals and school teachers involved in a previous death education intervention
Authors: Testoni Ines , Sblano Fabio Vito , Palazzo Lorenza , Pompele Sara , Wieser Michael Alexander
Published: August 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Transcriptomic profiling revealed key signaling pathways for cold tolerance and acclimation of two carp species
Authors: Ge Guodong , Long Yong , Shi Lianyu , Ren Jing , Yan Junjun , Li Chitao , Li Qing , Cui Zongbin
Published: July 2020

Background Closely related species of the carp family ( Cyprinidae ) have evolved distinctive abilities to survive under cold stress, but molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of cold resistance remain largely unknow. In this study, we compared transcriptomic profiles of two carp species to identify key factors and pathways for cold tolerance and acclimation. Results Larvae of Songpu mirror carp and Barbless carp that were pretreated at 18°C for 24 hours significantly improved their survival rates under lethal cold temperature at 8°C or 10°C, indicating that two carp species possess the ability of cold acclimation. However, Songpu mirror carp exhibited stronger abilities of cold tolerance and acclimation than Barbless carp. Transcriptomic profiles of Songpu mirror carp and Barbless carp larvae at 28°C and 18°C were compared during cold acclimation through RNA-seq. Differentially expressed genes that are closely associated with the differences in cold acclimation between two carp species were identified through bioinformatics and Venn's diagram analysis. GO enrichment analysis of these genes indicated that cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis, secondary alcohol metabolism and drug transport were the most up-regulated biological processes during cold acclimation of Songpu mirror carp. Conversely, positive regulation of macroautophagy, intracellular protein transport, and organonitrogen compound catabolism were the most down-regulated biological processes during cold acclimation of Barbless carp. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that factors in the FoxO-related signaling pathways are mainly responsible for the development of differences in cold tolerance and acclimation between two carp species since altering the phosphorylation of key proteins in the FoxO-related signaling pathways with inhibitors or an activator significantly decreased the cold tolerance and acclimation of Songpu mirror carp. These data provided key clues for dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cold tolerance and acclimation in carps. Conclusions These findings indicate that larvae of two carp species possess different abilities of cold tolerance and can build cold acclimation under mild low temperature. Multiple biological processes and FoxO-related signaling pathways are closely associated with the development of differences in cold tolerance and acclimation between two carp species.
Performance of IRS on malaria prevalence and incidence using pirimiphos-methyl in the context of pyrethroids resistance in Koulikoro region, Mali
Authors: Kané Fousseyni , Keïta Moussa , Traoré Boïssé , Diawara Sory Ibrahim , Bane Sidy , Diarra Souleymane , Sogoba Nafomon , Doumbia Seydou
Published: July 2020

Background: Koulikoro Health District is one of three districts of Mali where the indoor residual spray (IRS) has been implemented from 2008 to 2016. With widespread of resistance to pyrothroid, IRS was shifted from pyrethroid to pirimiphos-methyl from 2014 to 2016. We assessed the added value of IRS to LLINs on the prevalence of parasitemia and malaria incidence among children under 10 years old. Methods: A comparative study was carried out to assess the effects of pirimiphos-methyl based IRS on malaria prevalence and incidence among children from 6 months to 10 years old in selected pyrethroid resistance villages of two health districts in Mali: one where IRS was implemented in combination with LLINs (intervention area) and one with LLINs-only (control area). Two cross-sectional surveys were carried out at the beginning (June) and end of the rainy season (October) to assess seasonal changes in malaria parasitemia by microscopy. A passive detection case (PCD) was set-up in each study village for 9 months to estimate the incidence of malaria using RDT. Results: There was an increase of 220% in malaria prevalence from June to October in the control area (14% to 42%) versus only 53% in the IRS area (9.2% to 13.2%).Thus, the proportional rise in malaria prevalence from the dry to the rainy season in 2016 was 4 times greater in the control area compared to the IRS area. The overall malaria incidence rate was 2.7 per 100 person-months in the IRS area compared with 6.8 per 100 person-month in the control areas. The Log-rank test of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that children living in IRS area remain much longer free from malaria (Hazard ratio (HR)=0.45, CI 95% = 0.37-0.54) than children of the control area (P < 0.0001).Conclusions: IRS using pirimiphos-methyl has been successful in reducing substantially both the prevalence and the incidence of malaria in children under 10 years old in the area of pyrethroid resistance of Koulikoro, Mali. Pirimiphos-methyl is a better alternative than pyrethroids for IRS in areas with widespread of pyrethroid resistance.
The Feasibility of Laparoscopic TSME Preserving the Left Colic Artery and Superior Rectal Artery for Upper Rectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wei Hao-tang , Hu Wenqing , Sun Yueming , Zhang Qinyuan , Abe Masanobu , Du Zhuoran , Xu Yingying , Zong Liang , Hu Xiang
Published: July 2020

Background Laparoscopic TSME preserving the left colic artery and superior rectal artery is still a technically challenging procedure. We conducted this study to demonstrate the feasibility of this procedure for upper rectal cancer. Methods A total of 184 patients with upper rectal cancer were retrospectively analyzed in our cancer center between April 2010 and April 2017. These patients were treated with either laparoscopic TSME (n=46) or laparoscopic TME (n=138). In the TSME group, the left colonic artery and superior rectal artery were preserved while they were not in the TME group. Results The operation time in the TSME group was longer than that in the TME group (218.56 ± 35.85 min vs. 201.13 ± 42.65 min, P=0.004). Furthermore, the number of resected lymph nodes in the TSME group was greater than that in the TME group (19.43 ± 9.46 vs. 18.03 ± 7.43, P=0.024). The blood loss between the TSME and TME groups was not significant. No mortality occurred in either the TSME or TME groups. One patient in the TME group underwent conversion to laparotomy. The total postoperative complication rates in the TSME and TME groups were 8.7% and 17.4%, respectively. There was no difference in severe complications between the two groups (anastomotic leakage and stenosis).Conclusions Laparoscopic TSME preserving the left colic artery and superior rectal artery can be safely conducted for upper rectal cancer. [1]
Night sleep duration and risk of each lipid profile abnormality in a Chinese population: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Song Qiaofeng , Liu Xiaoxue , Zhou Wenhua , Wu Shouling , wang xizhu
Published: July 2020

Background To explore the associations between sleep duration and abnormalities in serum lipid levels in a Chinese population. Methods A prospective study was conducted with 34,260 participants from the general Chinese population. Sleep duration was categorized as ≤5, 6, 7, 8 or ≥9 h. Each lipid profile abnormality was defined according to the Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults (2016). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between sleep duration and dyslipidemia. Results Compared with a 7 h sleep duration, long sleep duration (≥9 h) was significantly associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (hazard ratio (HR): 1.24; 95% CI: 1.12–1.38). In subgroup analyses, the positive association between long sleep duration and low HDL-C level in men and in the different age groups was more pronounced than the association in women. No significant interactions were observed in the association between sleep duration and each abnormal serum lipid level by sex/age in the study population (P-interaction>0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that long sleep duration is associated with low HDL-C level among the Kailuan community population.
Mental health, smoking, harm reduction and quit attempts – a population survey in England
Authors: Brose Leonie , Brown Jamie , Robson Debbie , McNeill Ann
Published: July 2020

Background: Tobacco control strategies have engendered overall declines in smoking; however, a large gap remains between people with and without mental health problems, causing substantial health inequalities. Population-level information on barriers and opportunities for improvements is scarce. We aimed to assess mental health status of cigarette smokers and recent ex-smokers (‘past-year smokers’) in England, and smoking and harm reduction behaviour and quit attempts by mental health status.Methods: Data were collected from 5,637 current and 434 recent ex-smokers in 2016/17 in household surveys of representative samples of adults. We calculated weighted prevalence of different indicators of mental health problem: a) ever diagnosis, b) none, moderate, serious past-month distress, c) past-year treatment. We compared weighted smoking status, cigarette type, dependence, motivation to stop smoking, cutting down, use of nicotine replacement therapy or e-cigarettes, short-term abstinence, and quit attempts according to mental health status. Results: Among past-year smokers: 35.9% ever had a diagnosis; 24.3% had experienced moderate, an additional 9.7% serious, past-month distress; 21.9% had had past-year treatment. Those with an indication of a mental health problem were more highly dependent and more likely to smoke roll-your-own cigarettes but also more likely to be motivated to stop smoking, to cut down, use nicotine replacement therapy or e-cigarettes and to have attempted to quit in the past year.Conclusions: About a third of cigarette smokers in England have mental health problems. Interventions should address their increased dependence and leverage higher prevalence of harm reduction behaviours, motivation to stop and attempts to stop smoking.
Synergistic inhibition of metastatic breast cancer by dual-chemotherapy with excipient-free rhein/DOX nanodispersions
Authors: Wang Ruoning , Yang Yujie , Yang Mengmeng , Yuan Dandan , Huang Jinyu , Chen Rui , Wang Honglan , Hu Lihong , Di Liuqing , Li Junsong
Published: July 2020

Background: The management of metastatic cancer remains a major challenge in cancer therapy worldwide. The targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs through rationally designed formulations is one potential therapeutic option. Notably, excipient-free nanodispersions that are entirely composed of pharmaceutically active molecules have been evaluated as promising candidates for the next generation of drug formulations. Formulated from the self-assembly of drug molecules, these nanodispersions enable the safe and effective delivery of therapeutic drugs to local disease lesions. Here, we developed a novel and green approach for preparing nanoparticles via the self-assembly of rhein (RHE) and doxorubicin (DOX) molecules, named RHE/DOX nanoparticles (RD NPs); this assembly was associated with the interaction force and did not involve any organic solvents. Results: According to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, DOX molecules tend to assemble around RHE molecules through intermolecular forces. This intermolecular retention of DOX was further improved by the nanosizing effect of RD NPs. Compared to free DOX, RD NPs exerted a slightly stronger inhibitory effect on 4T1 cells in the scratch healing assay. As a dual drug-loaded nanoformulation, the efficacy of RD NPs against tumor cells in vitro was synergistically enhanced. Compared to free DOX, the combination of DOX and RHE in nanoparticles exerted a synergistic effect with a combination index (CI) value of 0.51 and showed a stronger ability to induce cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the RD NP treatment not only effectively suppressed primary tumor growth but also significantly inhibited tumor metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, with a better safety profile. Conclusions: The generation of pure nanodrugs via a self-assembly approach might hold promise for the development of more efficient and novel excipient-free nanodispersions, particularly for two small molecular antitumor drugs that potentially exert synergistic antiproliferative effects on metastatic breast cancer.