bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sertularia marginata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the Mediterranean: an alien species in expansion?
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-DUARTE M. M. , MEGINA C. , BETHENCOURT M.
Published: August 2013

Mature and dense populations of the tropical hydroid species Sertulariamarginata were detected in the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean) and in the Atlantic coast of the Strait of Gibraltar. Until now, it had only been recorded in the eastern basin within the Mediterranean Sea.This species has previously been recorded in estuaries and anthropogenichabitats but, in the area studied here, we only found it in natural zones. These observations could indicate an early expansion and naturalization in the Mediterranean Sea. Due to its limited dispersion capacity by its own natural means and the history of its records, the observations provided here support the hypothesis of an arrival and a spread by anthropogenic vectors.A pathway of arrival and dispersion of alien species into the Mediterranean Sea is proposed for future monitoring: from Macaronesia (particularly Canary Islands) to the Atlantic coast of the Strait of Gibraltar and from here into the Mediterranean.
The diet and feeding ecology of Conger conger (L. 1758) in the deep waters of the Eastern Ionian Sea
Authors: ANASTASOPOULOU A. , MYTILINEOU CH. , LEFKADITOU E. , KAVADAS S. , BEKAS P. , SMITH C.J. , PAPADOPOULOU K.N. , CHRISTIDES G.
Published: August 2013

The diet of the European conger eel Conger conger was investigated for the first time in the Eastern Mediterranean. Fish dominated the European conger eel diet in the deep waters of E. Ionian Sea. All other prey taxa were identified as accidental preys. However, intestine analysis showed that Natantia, Brachyura and Cephalopoda might have a more important contribution in the diet of the species. C. conger exhibited a benthopelagic feeding behavior as it preyed upon both demersal and mesopelagic taxa. The high vacuity index and the low stomach and intestine fullness indicated that the feeding intensity of the species in the deep waters of Eastern Ionian Sea was quite low. C. conger feeding strategy was characterised by specialisation in various resource items. A between-phenotype contribution to niche width was observed for some prey categories. European Conger eel feeding specialisation seemed to be an adaptation to a food-scarce environment, as typified in deep-water habitats
Assessment of heavy metals pollution in the gulf of Gabes (Tunisia) using four mollusk species
Authors: RABAOUI L. , BALTI R. , ZRELLI R. , TLIG-ZOUARI S.
Published: August 2013

Since the establishment of the ‘Tunisian Chemical Group’ in Gabes city, Tunisia, no serious investigations were carried out about the heavy metal pollution in Gabes gulf.  In the present study, the contents of four heavy metals were assessed in four mollusk species (two gastropods, Gibbula ardens and Patella caerulea, and two bivalves, Pinctada radiata and Pinna nobilis), collected from twelve coastal stations. The results obtained showed generally that high concentrations of heavy metals were recorded in the central area of Gabes gulf, nearer to Gabes city; the low concentrations were in contrast found at the edges of this gulf, which is probably due to the chemical pollution generated from the huge industry of phosphoric acid in Gabes city. Comparing the results found with the four examined species, the lowest concentrations were noted with the two bivalve species P. radiata and P. nobilis. The highest heavy metals’ concentrations, noted during this study, are comparable to the findings of other authors in other areas, but they are considerably beyond the standards. A remediation action is necessarily needed either by reducing the amount of heavy metals in the phosphgypums quantities thrown directly in the sea or by stopping completely this harmful industry to protect the marine life in the area. A remediation action is necessarily needed to protect the marine life in the area.
Relaciones deícticas espacio-temporales: análisis comparativo del sistema de los demostrativos polacos y españoles
Authors: Zieliński Andrzej
Published: August 2013

SPATIO-TEMPORAL DEIXIS RELATIONSHIP: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DEMONSTRATIVE SYSTEMS OF POLISH AND SPANISH The main objective of this paper is to show the differences and similarities in the use of demonstrative forms in Polish and Spanish, which arise not only from differences paradigmatic (Spanish ternary system vs Polish binary system), but also pragmatic context. With the help of electronic corpora the author tries to answer the question of what factors influence the conceptualization of these deictic expressions in both languages.
Reliable Sex and Strain Discrimination in the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Tolokh Illya I. , Fu Xiaoyan , Holy Timothy E.
Published: August 2013

Animals modulate their courtship and territorial behaviors in response to olfactory cues produced by other animals. In rodents, detecting these cues is the primary role of the accessory olfactory system (AOS). We sought to systematically investigate the natural stimulus coding logic and robustness in neurons of the first two stages of accessory olfactory processing, the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). We show that firing rate responses of just a few well-chosen mouse VNO or AOB neurons can be used to reliably encode both sex and strain of other mice from cues contained in urine. Additionally, we show that this population code can generalize to new concentrations of stimuli and appears to represent stimulus identity in terms of diverging paths in coding space. Together, the results indicate that firing rate code on the temporal order of seconds is sufficient for accurate classification of pheromonal patterns at different concentrations and may be used by AOS neural circuitry to discriminate among naturally occurring urine stimuli.
CA1 Pyramidal Cell Theta-Burst Firing Triggers Endocannabinoid-Mediated Long-Term Depression at Both Somatic and Dendritic Inhibitory Synapses
Authors: Younts Thomas J. , Chevaleyre Vivien , Castillo Pablo E.
Published: August 2013

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are retrograde lipid messengers that, by targeting presynaptic type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs), mediate short- and long-term synaptic depression of neurotransmitter release throughout the brain. Short-term depression is typically triggered by postsynaptic, depolarization-induced calcium rises, whereas long-term depression is induced by synaptic activation of Gq/11protein-coupled receptors. Here we report that a physiologically relevant pattern of postsynaptic activity, in the form of theta-burst firing (TBF) of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, can trigger long-term depression of inhibitory transmission (iLTD) in rat hippocampal slices. Paired recordings between CA1 interneurons and pyramidal cells, followed bypost hocmorphological reconstructions of the interneurons' axon, revealed that somatic and dendritic inhibitory synaptic inputs equally expressed TBF-induced iLTD. Simultaneous recordings from neighboring pyramidal cells demonstrated that eCB signaling triggered by TBF was highly restricted to only a single, active cell. Furthermore, pairing submaximal endogenous activation of metabotropic glutamate or muscarinic acetylcholine receptors with submaximal TBF unmasked associative iLTD. Although CB1Rs are also expressed at Schaffer-collateral excitatory terminals, long-term plasticity under various recording conditions was spared at these synapses. Consistent with this observation, TBF also shifted the balance of excitation and inhibition in favor of excitatory throughput, thereby altering information flow through the CA1 circuit. Given the near ubiquity of burst-firing activity patterns and CB1R expression in the brain, the properties described here may be a general means by which neurons fine tune the strength of their inputs in a cell-wide and cell-specific manner.
Axonal Localization of Neuritin/CPG15 mRNA in Neuronal Populations through Distinct 5′ and 3′ UTR Elements
Authors: Merianda Tanuja T. , Gomes Cynthia , Yoo Soonmoon , Vuppalanchi Deepika , Twiss Jeffery L.
Published: August 2013

Many neuronal mRNAs are actively transported into distal axons. The 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of axonal mRNAs often contain cues for their localization. The 3′ UTR of neuritin mRNA was shown to be sufficient for localization into axons of hippocampal neurons. Here, we show that neuritin mRNA localizes into axons of rat sensory neurons, but this is predominantly driven by the 5′ rather than 3′ UTR. Neuritin mRNA shifts from cell body to axon predominantly after nerve crush injury, suggesting that it encodes a growth-associated protein. Consistent with this, overexpression of neuritin increases axon growth but only when its mRNA localizes into the axons.
Neural Correlates of Interval Timing in Rodent Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Kim Jieun , Ghim Jeong-Wook , Lee Ji Hyun , Jung Min Whan
Published: August 2013

Time interval estimation is involved in numerous behavioral processes, but its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In particular, it has been controversial whether time is encoded on a linear or logarithmic scale. Based on our previous finding that inactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) profoundly impairs rat's ability to discriminate time intervals, we investigated how the mPFC processes temporal information by examining activity of mPFC neurons in rats performing a temporal bisection task. Many mPFC neurons conveyed temporal information based on monotonically changing activity profiles over time with negative accelerations, so that their activity profiles were better described by logarithmic than linear functions. Moreover, the precision of time-interval discrimination based on neural activity was lowered in proportion to the elapse of time, but without proportional increase in neural variability, which is well accounted for by logarithmic, but not by linear functions. As a population, mPFC neurons conveyed precise information about the elapse of time with their activity tightly correlated with the animal's choice of target. These results suggest that the mPFC might be part of an internal clock in charge of controlling interval-timing behavior, and that linearly changing neuronal activity on a logarithmic time scale might be one way of representing the elapse of time in the brain.
Involvement of the Globus Pallidus in Behavioral Goal Determination and Action Specification
Authors: Arimura Nariko , Nakayama Yoshihisa , Yamagata Tomoko , Tanji Jun , Hoshi Eiji
Published: August 2013

Multiple loop circuits interconnect the basal ganglia and the frontal cortex, and each part of the cortico-basal ganglia loops plays an essential role in neuronal computational processes underlying motor behavior. To gain deeper insight into specific functions played by each component of the loops, we compared response properties of neurons in the globus pallidus (GP) with those in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and the ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC and dlPFC) while monkeys performed a behavioral task designed to include separate processes for behavioral goal determination and action selection. Initially, visual signals instructed an abstract behavioral goal, and seconds later, a choice cue to select an action was presented. When the instruction cue appeared, GP neurons started to reflect visual features as early as vlPFC neurons. Subsequently, GP neurons began to reflect goals informed by the visual signals no later than neurons in the PMd, vlPFC, and dlPFC, indicating that the GP is involved in the early determination of behavioral goals. In contrast, action specification occurred later in the GP than in the cortical areas, and the GP was not as involved in the process by which a behavioral goal was transformed into an action. Furthermore, the length of time representing behavioral goal and action was shorter in the GP than in the PMd and dlPFC, indicating that the GP may play an important role in detecting individual behavioral events. These observations elucidate the involvement of the GP in goal-directed behavior.
Prefrontal Cortex HCN1 Channels Enable Intrinsic Persistent Neural Firing and Executive Memory Function
Authors: Thuault Sébastien J. , Malleret Gaël , Constantinople Christine M. , Nicholls Russell , Chen Irene , Zhu Judy , Panteleyev Andrey , Vronskaya Svetlana , Nolan Matthew F. , Bruno Randy , Siegelbaum Steven A. , Kandel Eric R.
Published: August 2013

In many cortical neurons, HCN1 channels are the major contributors to Ih, the hyperpolarization-activated current, which regulates the intrinsic properties of neurons and shapes their integration of synaptic inputs, paces rhythmic activity, and regulates synaptic plasticity. Here, we examine the physiological role of Ihin deep layer pyramidal neurons in mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC), focusing on persistent activity, a form of sustained firing thought to be important for the behavioral function of the PFC during working memory tasks. We find that HCN1 contributes to the intrinsic persistent firing that is induced by a brief depolarizing current stimulus in the presence of muscarinic agonists. Deletion of HCN1 or acute pharmacological blockade of Ihdecreases the fraction of neurons capable of generating persistent firing. The reduction in persistent firing is caused by the membrane hyperpolarization that results from the deletion of HCN1 or Ihblockade, rather than a specific role of the hyperpolarization-activated current in generating persistent activity.In vivorecordings show that deletion of HCN1 has no effect on up states, periods of enhanced synaptic network activity. Parallel behavioral studies demonstrate that HCN1 contributes to the PFC-dependent resolution of proactive interference during working memory. These results thus provide genetic evidence demonstrating the importance of HCN1 to intrinsic persistent firing and the behavioral output of the PFC. The causal role of intrinsic persistent firing in PFC-mediated behavior remains an open question.
Perivascular Fibroblasts Form the Fibrotic Scar after Contusive Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Soderblom Cynthia , Luo Xueting , Blumenthal Ezra , Bray Eric , Lyapichev Kirill , Ramos Jose , Krishnan Vidhya , Lai-Hsu Catherine , Park Kevin K. , Tsoulfas Pantelis , Lee Jae K.
Published: August 2013

Injury to the CNS leads to formation of scar tissue, which is important in sealing the lesion and inhibiting axon regeneration. The fibrotic scar that comprises a dense extracellular matrix is thought to originate from meningeal cells surrounding the CNS. However, using transgenic mice, we demonstrate that perivascular collagen1α1 cells are the main source of the cellular composition of the fibrotic scar after contusive spinal cord injury in which the dura remains intact. Using genetic lineage tracing, light sheet fluorescent microscopy, and antigenic profiling, we identify collagen1α1 cells as perivascular fibroblasts that are distinct from pericytes. Our results identify collagen1α1 cells as a novel source of the fibrotic scar after spinal cord injury and shift the focus from the meninges to the vasculature during scar formation.
Transnational Marriages between Vietnamese Women and Asian Men in Vietnamese Online Media
Authors: Bélanger Danièle , Hồng Khuất Thu , Linh Trần Giang
Published: August 2013

This paper examines the social construction of marriage migration in Vietnamese online media. We present a content analysis of 643 items published online between 2000 and 2010 on international marriages between Vietnamese women and foreign Asian men. Our analysis reveals that online media content speaks to four important shifts discussed in Vietnamese studies: (1) shifts in notions of gender, sexuality, and marriage; (2) emerging discourses around class-making; (3) emerging discourse on human trafficking; and (4) shifting roles of the media.
Histologic and Biomechanical Evaluation of 2 Resorbable-Blasting Media Implant Surfaces at Early Implantation Times
Authors: Marin Charles , Bonfante Estevam A. , Jeong Ryan , Granato Rodrigo , Giro Gabriela , Suzuki Marcelo , Heitz Claiton , Coelho Paulo G.
Published: August 2013

This study evaluated 3 implant surfaces in a dog model: (1) resorbable-blasting media + acid-etched (RBMa), alumina-blasting + acid-etching (AB/AE), and AB/AE + RBMa (hybrid). All of the surfaces were minimally rough, and Ca and P were present for the RBMa and hybrid surfaces. Following 2 weeks in vivo, no significant differences were observed for torque, bone-to-implant contact, and bone-area fraction occupied measurements. Newly formed woven bone was observed in proximity with all surfaces.
Marginal Fit of Implant-Supported All-Ceramic Zirconia Frameworks
Authors: Zaghloul Hanaa Hassan , Younis Jihan Farouk
Published: August 2013

This study evaluated the effect of fabrication techniques and cyclic loading on the vertical marginal fit of implant-supported fixed partial denture (FPD) frameworks. Thirty implant-supported 3-unit FPD frameworks were fabricated on a model system, divided into 3 equal groups (n = 10). The first group (control) was constructed from base metal alloy; the other 2 test groups were constructed from all-ceramic zirconia using a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Cerec 3 system and a copy milling (Zirkonzahn) system. A cyclic load of 200 N was applied to each framework for up to 50,000 cycles. Linear measurements were made in micrometers of the vertical gap between the framework and the implant-supported abutment at 16 predetermined points before and after cyclic loading. The frameworks were viewed using scanning electron microscopy to inspect any fractographic features. One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the marginal discrepancy values of the control and the 2 test groups and for each group; a t test was applied to determine whether significant changes in the fit were observed after cyclic loading (α = 0.05). The CAD/CAM group showed significantly higher marginal gap mean values (80.58 μm) than the Zirkonzahn and control groups (50.33 μm and 42.27 μm, respectively) with no significant difference. After cyclic loading, the CAD/CAM group recorded the highest marginal gap mean value (91.50 ± 4.260 μm) followed by control group (72.00 ± 2.795 μm); the Zirkonzahn group recorded the lowest marginal gap (65.37 ± 6.138 μm). Cyclic loading significantly increased the marginal gap mean values in the control group only. A marginal chip was observed in one of the CAD/CAM ceramic frameworks. Within the limitations of this study, the fabrication technique influenced the marginal fit of the implant-supported 3-unit FPD frameworks. Cyclic loading failed to change the fit of all-ceramic zirconia frameworks, whereas significant changes were found in the metal frameworks.
Autologous Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Regeneration of Defect Created in Canine Periodontal Tissue
Authors: Khorsand Afshin , Eslaminejad Mohamadreza Baghaban , Arabsolghar Mohadeseh , Paknejad Mojghan , Ghaedi Baharak , Rokn Amir Reza , Moslemi Neda , Nazarian Hamid , Jahangir Shahrbanoo
Published: August 2013

This study aimed to investigate effects of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on regeneration of a defect experimentally created in the periodontium of a canine model. Surgically created mesial 3-walled periodontal defects with ligature-induced periodontitis were produced bilaterally in the first lower premolar teeth of 10 mongrel dogs. Simultaneously, DPSCs were derived from the maxillary premolar teeth of the same dogs. Four weeks after creation of the periodontitis model, autologous passaged-3 DPSCs combined with Bio-Oss were implanted on one side as the test group. On the other side, only Bio-Oss was implanted as a control. Eight weeks after surgery, regeneration of the periodontal defects was evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically in terms of bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), and cement formation. Histologically, in all test specimens (10 defects), regeneration of cementum, bone, and PDL was observed. In the control groups, although we observed the regeneration of bone in all defects, the formation of cementum was seen in 9 defects and PDL was seen in 8 defects. Histomorphometric analyses showed that the amount of regenerated cementum and PDL in the test groups (3.83 ± 1.32 mm and 3.30 ± 1.12 mm, respectively) was significantly higher than that of the control groups (2.42 ± 1.40 mm and 1.77±1.27 mm, respectively; P < .05). A biocomplex consisting of DPSCs and Bio-Oss would be promising in regeneration of periodontal tissues.
Brain stimulation used as biofeedback training for recovery of motor functions deteriorated by stroke
Authors: Calomeni Mauricio Rocha , Rocha José Antonio Martins da Silva , Silva Alair Pedro Ribeiro da , Ribeiro Luiz Henrique Brandão , Marques Luciene , Siza Maria Auxiliadora Freire , Silva Vernon Furtado da
Published: August 2013

According to World Health Organization, approximately 15 million people are affected by cerebrovascular accident in the world. We study the effect of brain stimulation plus an imaging procedure used as biofeedback training for recovery of motor functions impaired by CVA. Four individuals aged between 33 and 72 years were included in the study, of both genders, with hemiparesis on the left arm due to the CVA. They had their brain activity monitored by EEG. Functional tasks were evaluated according to an observational model proposed by the international classification of functioning and by runtime. The training was composed of 12 sessions of 30 minutes of stimulation by light and sound, as well as imaging procedures. Results revealed that improvements in the performance of the task, with regard to both the runtime and the functional quality of movements, are more related to the increase of effectiveness of neuronal function.
Quantitative sensory testing in trigeminal traumatic neuropathic pain and persistent idiopathic facial pain
Authors: Siqueira Silvia R. D. T. de , Siviero Mariana , Alvarez Fábio K. , Teixeira Manoel J. , Siqueira José T. T. de
Published: August 2013

The objective of this article was to investigate, with a systematic protocol of quantitative sensory testing, patients with persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) and others with trigeminal traumatic neuropathic pain (TTN) compared to controls. Thirty patients with PIFP, 19 with TTN, and 30 controls were evaluated on subjective numbness and dysesthesia and with a systematic protocol of quantitative sensory testing for thermal evaluation (cold and warm), mechanical detection (touch and pinpricks for mechanical pain), superficial pain thresholds, and corneal reflex. We found that PIFP and TTN had numbness and dysesthesia higher than controls (p<0.001 and p=0.003), and that in both of them mechanical pain by pinpricks detection was abnormal intra and extra orally at the mandibular branch (p<0.001). Cold, warm, and tactile detections and pain thresholds were similar among the groups. Corneal reflex was abnormal in TTN (p=0.005). This study supports neuropathic mechanisms involving pain processing in PIFP and that the criterion on absence of sensorial variations in PIFP should be revised.
Cochlear implant: what the radiologist should know
Authors: Gomes Natália Delage , Couto Caroline Laurita Batista , Gaiotti Juliana Oggioni , Costa Ana Maria Doffémond , Ribeiro Marcelo Almeida , Diniz Renata Lopes Furletti Caldeira
Published: August 2013

Cochlear implant is the method of choice in the treatment of deep sensorineural hypoacusis, particularly in patients where conventional amplification devices do not imply noticeable clinical improvement. Imaging findings are crucial in the indication or contraindication for such surgical procedure. In the assessment of the temporal bone, radiologists should be familiar with relative or absolute contraindication factors, as well as with factors that might significantly complicate the implantation. Some criteria such as cochlear nerve aplasia, labyrinthine and/or cochlear aplasia are still considered as absolute contraindications, in spite of studies bringing such criteria into question. Cochlear dysplasias constitute relative contraindications, among them labyrinthitis ossificans is highlighted. Other alterations may be mentioned as complicating agents in the temporal bone assessment, namely, hypoplasia of the mastoid process, aberrant facial nerve, otomastoiditis, otosclerosis, dehiscent jugular bulb, enlarged endolymphatic duct and sac. The experienced radiologist assumes an important role in the evaluation of this condition.
Persistence of stapedial artery: a case report
Authors: Carvalho Bruna Vilaça de , Gaiotti Juliana Oggioni , Diniz Renata Lopes Furletti Caldeira , Ribeiro Marcelo Almeida , Motta Emília Guerra Pinto Coelho , Moreira Wanderval
Published: August 2013

Persistent stapedial artery is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs by a failure in the involution of such artery. Most patients with persistent stapedial artery are asymptomatic. The imaging diagnosis is made principally by means of multidetector computed tomography. In the present case, persistent stapedial artery was an incidental computed tomography finding. The authors discuss the embryogenesis, computed tomography findings and the importance of an early diagnosis of such anomaly.
Trayectorias y desafíos de la historiografía de los museos de historia natural en América Del Sur
Authors: Podgorny Irina , Lopes Maria Margaret
Published: August 2013

En el siglo XIX los museos de historia natural de América del Sur se constituyeron en instrumentos clave para el intercambio y la circulación de datos y especímenes y, en ese sentido, en loci privilegiados de la infraestructura de las ciencias y del saber. Almacenaron tal cantidad de objetos y colecciones que los organizadores de estas instituciones se enfrentaron al problema de cómo guardarlos y exhibirlos dándoles un orden que pudiera entenderse. Por eso, los museos no pueden separarse de la historia del papel, del archivo y de los catálogos. Este artículo repasa algunas cuestiones de la historiografía producida en las últimas décadas, discutiendo, entre otras cosas, la identificación acrítica entre museos, memoria y representación de la nación. A su vez, propone el desafío de cómo escribir la historia de los museos incorporando los agentes humanos y no humanos y el conjunto de circunstancias que sustentan sus éxitos y fracasos.
Another history of museums: from the discourse to the museum-piece
Authors: Poulot Dominique
Published: August 2013

The history of museums could get inspired on the procedures of material studies and of Anthropology in order to take a new stand and move away from the institutional approach and consider the approach of objects traditionally labelled as museum objects. The so-called "museum pieces" are supposed to have a number of characteristics, particularly some great historical and artistic qualities, sometimes an heritage quality, but above all the ability to make "friends" around the community or around the world. In all these respects, it is proposed here a number of research procedures that may supplement or enrich the directions usually assigned to the history of institutions.
Museus de Cabo Verde: continuidade e inovação
Authors: Gouveia Henrique Coutinho
Published: August 2013

O cenário da museologia cabo-verdiana tem-se vindo a desenvolver ao longo de pouco mais de três décadas, pelo que comporta ainda aspectos que se deverão considerar como em vias de definição. A independência, proclamada em julho de 1975, perfila-se assim como um marco determinante do horizonte cronológico a analisar. As referências aos antecedentes setecentistas, oitocentistas e mesmo novecentistas que se procurarão explicitar, assumem particular importância, num contexto histórico que ultrapassa a realidade do território, o que confere a esses elementos um interesse acrescido. Será portanto relativamente ao período mais recente que são detectáveis os vectores de evolução que se afiguram mais significativos. O comentário a apresentar será desenvolvido nessa linha, sendo focadas a par algumas questões relevantes para um melhor esclarecimento do assunto tratado que se julgam merecedoras de comentário.
Habitar a metrópole: os apartamentos quitinetes de Adolf Franz Heep
Authors: Silva Joana Mello de Carvalho e
Published: August 2013

A reestruturação do mercado imobiliário e o surgimento de uma nova tipologia habitacional em São Paulo a partir de meados dos anos 1940, o apartamento quitinete, coincidiram com as transformações nos parâmetros disciplinares que orientavam o discurso e a prática arquitetônica no Brasil. Analisar o momento em que a nova tipologia foi formulada, as suas motivações iniciais e os desenvolvimentos posteriores, permite não só recuperar a trajetória do arquiteto germânico Adolf Franz Heep (1902-1978) como investigar diálogos entre as vanguardas arquitetônicas européias, as experiências norte-americanas, a produção arquitetônica e as demandas locais.
Confluindo gênero e educação popular por meio de uma pesquisa-ação para a abordagem do tabagismo feminino em contextos de vulnerabilidade social
Authors: Borges Márcia Terezinha Trotta , Barbosa Regina Helena Simões
Published: August 2013

O artigo apresenta resultados gerados por uma pesquisa-ação (PA) que abordou o tabagismo feminino em espaços populares. A proposta originou-se do diálogo entre os campos conceituais e metodológicos oriundos do feminismo e da educação popular, e teve por objetivo captar e compreender questões subjetivas e objetivas do universo feminino relacionadas ao fumar, tanto no âmbito familiar quanto no sociocomunitário. A PA capacitou seis moradoras de uma comunidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, ex-fumantes, para desenvolveram um processo educativo que alcançou, de forma dialogada e participativa, mulheres, homens, jovens e crianças. Os resultados revelam como se constrói, por meio da práxis educativa dialógica, um conhecimento compartilhado sobre a saúde que resulta da integração entre saber acadêmico e saber popular, confirmando o potencial desta proposta de enfrentamento do tabagismo feminino nos contextos populares.
Contribuições das plantas medicinais para o cuidado e a promoção da saúde na atenção primária
Authors: Antonio Gisele Damian , Tesser Charles Dalcanale , Moretti-Pires Rodrigo Otávio
Published: August 2013

Analisaram-se programas e ações de fitoterapia na atenção primária à saúde brasileira (APS) a partir da literatura. O metaestudo incluiu seis bases de dados, de 1988 a 2012, sendo registradas 24 publicações. A inserção da fitoterapia acontece a partir de motivações diversas: aumentar os recursos terapêuticos, resgatar saberes populares, preservar a biodiversidade, educação ambiental e popular, agroecologia e desenvolvimento social. Há uma ambivalência que ora pende para o reforço da autoatenção, as ações educativas, intersetoriais e a participação comunitária, constituindo-se em forma de cuidado e promoção da saúde; ora restringe o processo à incorporação de fitoterápicos manipulados ou industrializados à farmácia dos serviços de APS, para uso estritamente profissional. Ressalta-se uma visão ampliada da fitoterapia que incorpore esses dois enfoques, numa perspectiva de uma ecologia de saberes e práticas em saúde.
Alegrias e tristezas no cotidiano de trabalho do agente comunitário de saúde: cenários de paixões e afetamentos
Authors: Galavote Heletícia Scabelo , Franco Túlio Batista , Lima Rita de Cássia Duarte , Belizário Antônio Márcio
Published: August 2013

O estudo busca desvendar o processo de trabalho do agente comunitário de saúde (ACS) com base na teoria das afecções de Espinosa. Considera o encontro como uma unidade de análise, e pretende compreendê-lo na sua dinâmica de produção do cuidado, analisando as afecções que se expressam por alegrias e tristezas e os seus efeitos no trabalho do ACS. Trata-se de estudo exploratório-descritivo, de caráter qualitativo, realizado na Unidade Jardim Catarina, São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em entrevista com dez ACS's, por meio de roteiro semiestruturado e observação etnográfica. O estudo revela um ACS múltiplo, exposto às afecções das relações que mantém, variando entre o reconhecimento e a submissão às lógicas instituídas, resultando em alegria e tristeza, aumento e redução da sua potência de agir, respectivamente.
L'excrit
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: August 2013

Texte publié originellement dans Po&sie, n° 47, 1988, et inclus dans le recueil Une pensée finie (1990). Il se situe dans le contexte des travaux sur la communauté et Georges Bataile. Au printemps de 1983, sortait La communauté désœuvrée, dans la revue Alea (n° 4), par la suite (1986), repris dans le volume de même titre avec deux autres essais. Il s'agit ici comme là d'écrire "en communauté avec Georges Bataille". "Écrire", s'écrit dans ce cas, à partir d'une extériorité, marquée par le préfixe ex-, donc ex-crire; écrit, comme "excrit", où se joint l'homophonie de ex-cri (cri, de crier). Écrire, pour Georges Bataille, ou ex-crire, renvoie à une équivoque essentielle: on écrit toujours le cri (et pas "sur" le cri), la vie, "la chose même", l'être, c'est à dire, ce que par définition ne s'écrit pas, ce qui se passe et exclu une quelconque possibilité d'écrire. Ex-crit, veux dire, écrit dehors, dans une extériorité qui, pourtant, ne renvoie pas à un réfèrent, par exemple, la vie de Georges Bataille, mais à quelque chose qui s'inscrit (ou excrit) toujours et seulement dans l'ex-criture.
"Um precipício, como a existência"
Authors: Michel Jean-Paul
Published: August 2013

Se o fato antropológico está ligado ao empreendimento de conjurar por meio de "feitiçarias" (Mallarmé) de linguagem o fora-de-todo-sentido do fato da existência (ele, "um precipício"), todo discurso de saber (toda teoria) não menos do que toda arte se descobrem então, uns não menos do que outros, como as propiciações que são. Este artigo pretende sustentar um entendimento radical, meditado, de Kafka: "Escrever é uma forma de oração
Serum activity of creatine kinase and aminotransferase aspartate enzymes of horses submitted to muscle biopsy and incremental jump test
Authors: Soares Otavio Augusto Brioschi , D'Angelis Flora Helena de Freitas , Feringer Júnior Walter Heinz , Nardi Kamirro Bacciotti , Trigo Pablo , Almeida Fernando Queiroz de , Miranda Cláudia Tavares , Queiroz- Neto Antonio , Ferraz Guilherme de Camargo
Published: August 2013

The objective was to evaluate serum activity of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which are leakage enzymes responsive to muscle injury, of athletic horses that underwent muscle biopsy and incremental jump test (IJT) involving incremental jumps. The animals were grouped as follows: the first group, horses with history of superior performance (SP); the second, with a history of inferior performance (IP); and lastly, a control group (CG). All groups underwent biopsy of the gluteus medius muscle, while groups SP and IP were also submitted to the incremental jump test (IJT) 24 hours after biopsy. The IJT consisted of three stages with 40 jumps each, where jump height increased progressively, from 40 to 60 and last, 80cm. Blood samples were drawn before biopsy, and 6 and 24 hours after the exercise as well. The levels of CK serum activity increased 6 hours after exercise and decreased 24 hours later in all groups, including CG. AST activity did not increase after biopsy and exercise. There was no increase of both enzyme activities that could be attributed to the exercise, possibly due to exercise short duration and/or low intensity. We conclude that the muscle biopsy was able to show that there was enough stimulus to cause CK enzyme leakage into the plasma, and consequent detection of increased serum activity, while the incremental jump test did not.
Digestibility and bioavailability of phosphorus from spray-dried yeasts in the diet of starting pigs (15-30 kg)
Authors: Peñuela Sierra Lina Maria , Moreira Ivan , Furlan Antonio Claudio , Carvalho Paulo Levi de Oliveira , Poveda Parra Ângela Rocio , Oliveira Gisele Cristina
Published: August 2013

Two experiments were carried out to determine the bioavailability of phosphorus in two spray-dried yeasts - sugarcane yeast (SCY), and sugarcane yeast + brewer's yeast (SCBY) - in starting pigs, by comparing different methods (Apparent Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - ADCP; True Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - TDCP; slope ratio; and standard curve). In experiment I, a digestibility assay were carried out using 30 cross breed pig with initial weigh of 22.69 ± 4.24kg, allotted in a completely randomized design. The mean ADCP and TDCP values were 62.68 and 64.15% for SCY and 77.01 and 79.33% for SCBY. ADCP and TDCP for SCBY were higher (P<0.05) than the values for SCY. In Experiment II, a growth test was conducted, 56 crossbred piglets, were utilized, with initial live weight of 15.11 ± 3.43kg, allotted in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments, four replications, and two pigs per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without supplementation with P and the same diet including supplementation with two levels of P (0.053% and 0.105%) from dicalcium phosphate, SCY and SCBY. The relative bioavailability mean value of 57.23% for SCY and 91.96% for SCBY, corresponding to 0.30% and 0.40% of available phosphorus, respectively.
A new approach about the digestion of fibers by ruminants
Authors: Moreira Leonardo Marmo , Leonel Fernando de Paula , Vieira Ricardo Augusto Mendonça , Pereira José Carlos
Published: August 2013

The decisive role of metallic cations in the formation of supramolecular clusters involving lignin, cellulose, and hemi-cellulose and its relationship to energy losses in ruminants associated with fibrous feed resources is still not well understood. Indeed, interactions between lignin, cellulose and metallic cations generate highly stable clusters that significantly decrease the capability of cellulase to break bonds between sugar units in order to facilitate the absorption of a great quantity of cellulose, which is ingested by ruminants as forage. Furthermore, several metallic cations cannot be absorbed as a consequence of the formation of coordinated ligations with the oxygen atoms of the lignocellulosic cluster. The loss of lignocellulose-metal clusters by ruminants is responsible for a substantial waste of nutrients, which is a significant problem in animal science. Moreover, the chemical structure of these relevant supramolecular systems is poorly understood. In the present review, we discussed this topic in detail in reference to relevant literature from the chemical and animal sciences in order to analyze the perspectives associated with the improvement of nutritional absorption from feed resources by ruminants.
Grão de milheto em suplementos para terminação de bovinos de corte em sistema integração lavoura e pecuária
Authors: Alonso Marcell Patachi , Moraes Eduardo Henrique Bevitori Kling de , Pina Douglas dos Santos , Pereira Dalton Henrique , Hoffmann Alvair , Sanson Renan Marcelo Medeiros , Wruck Flávio Jesus
Published: August 2013

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo e econômico de animais consumindo quatro suplementos diferenciados pelos níveis crescentes de grão de milheto em substituição ao grão de milho, assim como analisar as características nutricionais do pasto de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu em sistema de integração lavoura e pecuária. Foram utilizados 64 novilhos, não castrados, sendo 32 mestiços (Holandês x Nelore) e 32 da raça Nelore, com média de idade de 20 meses e o peso corporal médio inicial de 388 ± 26kg. A área experimental constituiu-se de quatro piquetes de 4,68ha, formados com B. brizantha cv. Marandu. A massa de forragem total e a massa de forragem potencialmente digestível foram de 5,24t/ha e 3,39t/ha, respectivamente. O experimento foi estruturado segundo um esquema fatorial (2x4) distribuído em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, onde foram avaliados dois grupos genéticos e quatro diferentes níveis de grão de milheto em substituição ao grão de milho na formulação dos suplementos (0%; 33%; 66% e 100%). A quantidade ofertada de suplemento foi de 4,0kg/animal/dia. Houve efeito de grupo genético sobre o ganho produtivo dos animais, sendo que novilhos Nelore apresentaram melhor desempenho. O ganho de peso médio diário, ganho de peso total e peso corporal final, reduziram linearmente com a substituição do alimento energético grão de milho por grão de milheto nos suplementos. A inclusão de 33% de grão de milheto em suplementos concentrados promove redução nos dias necessários para a obtenção de animais de peso corporal de 450kg.
Effects of medications and laser on induced tooth movement and associated root resorption: four key points
Authors: Consolaro Alberto
Published: August 2013

The following four fundamental points on the use of experimental models will be described to ensure an accurate evaluation of the effects of medication and laser therapy on induced tooth movement and associated root resorption: (1) If the objective is to check the effect on root resorption, the forces experimentally applied must produce a lesion on the cementoblast layer in all specimens; (2) If the objective is to optimize induced tooth movement and reduce treatment time without side effects, the forces experimentally applied should not produce a lesion in the cementoblast layer in any specimen; (3) The laser therapy operator, the person administering medication and the person that places appliances should not know which animals will effectively receive the test treatment, and the control groups should receive placebo treatments; (4) CT and microscopic analysis of the specimens should be random, and the group to which the specimen belongs should not be identified to ensure that the person reading images and the pathologists are not influenced in their evaluation of phenomena. These measures will ensure that results are more reliable and easier to extrapolate to orthodontic clinical practice.
Assessment of the dimensions and surface characteristics of orthodontic wires and bracket slots
Authors: Dolci Gabriel Schmidt , Spohr Ana Maria , Zimmer Eduardo Rigon , Marchioro Ernani Menezes
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensions and surface characteristics of orthodontic wires and bracket slots of different commercial brands. METHODS: Thirty metallic brackets (0.022 x 0.028-in and 0.022 x 0.030-in) were divided in three groups: DYN/3M group = Dyna-Lock, 3M/Unitek (stainless steel, or SS); STD/MO group = Slim Morelli (SS); and Ni-Free/MO group = Slim Morelli (Ni-Free). The stainless steel wires (0.019 x 0.025in) were divided into two groups: MO group = Morelli; and 3M group = 3M/Unitek. The bracket and wire measurements were done by two methods: (a) Surface Electron Microscopy (SEM), and (b) Profile projection. The surface analysis was done qualitatively, based on SEM images and/or by a rugosimeter. The quantitative results were analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey's test (p < 0.05) and Student's t test. RESULTS: A significant difference in the dimensions of slots was observed, and the NiFree/MO group showed the greatest changes when compared to the other groups. The analysis of surface topography of the brackets indicated greater homogeneity of the metallic matrix for DYN/3M and STD/MO groups. As for the dimensions of the wires, groups showed statistically different mean heights. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that wires and brackets slots can present altered dimensions, which might directly and unintentionally affect the planned tooth movement.
Shear bond strength of metallic and ceramic brackets using color change adhesives
Authors: Stumpf Aisha de Souza Gomes , Bergmann Carlos , Prietsch José Renato , Vicenzi Juliane
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE: To determine the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets using color change adhesives that are supposed to aid in removing excess of bonding material and compare them to a traditional adhesive. METHODS: Ninety metallic and ninety ceramic brackets were bonded to bovine incisors using two color change adhesives and a regular one. A tensile stress was applied by a universal testing machine. The teeth were observed in a microscope after debonding in order to determine the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). RESULTS: The statistical analysis (ANOVA, Tukey, and Kruskall-Wallis tests) demonstrated that the mean bond strength presented no difference when metallic and ceramic brackets were compared but the bond resistance values were significantly different for the three adhesives used. The most common ARI outcome was the entire adhesive remaining on the enamel. CONCLUSIONS: The bond strength was similar for metallic and ceramic brackets when the same adhesive system was used. ARI scores demonstrated that bonding with these adhesives is safe even when ceramic brackets were used. On the other hand, bond strength was too low for orthodontic purposes when Ortho Lite Cure was used.
Assessment of motivation, expectations and satisfaction of adult patients submitted to orthodontic treatment
Authors: Oliveira Patrícia Gomide de Souza Andrade , Tavares Rubens Rodrigues , Freitas Jairo Curado de
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychological aspects of adult patients who sought and underwent orthodontic treatment, evaluating their expectations and discomfort during treatment, as well as their satisfaction after completion of dental movement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Data obtained from previous published papers, and also from questionnaires answered by 54 patients, showed that adult patients stood out for their attention to details and high interest in the esthetic improvements provided by treatment, and also for a greater perception of their initial malocclusion. On the other hand, the same data showed that adult patients, once informed about the limitations of their treatment and having confidence on the orthodontist, presented a high level of satisfaction with treatment results, revealing themselves as good patients for indication and execution of orthodontic procedures.
Expectations of orthodontic treatment in adults: the conduct in orthodontist/patient relationship
Authors: Souza Ricardo Alves de , Oliveira André Frutuoso de , Pinheiro Suélem Maria Santana , Cardoso Jefferson Paixão , Magnani Maria Beatriz Borges de Araújo
Published: August 2013

INTRODUCTION: The high demand for orthodontic treatment, evidenced over the last few decades, has been justified mainly by the greater importance given to facial esthetics, influencing individual's self esteem. However, the professional frequently does not meet all the patient's expectations, for not establishing good communication and not knowing about the critical points during orthodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to elucidate patients' desires and doubts regarding orthodontic treatment, by means of a survey applied to 60 adult patients. RESULTS: The analysis of results revealed that most individuals (38.3 %) noticed treatment success after its conclusion. Occlusion deviation was pointed out by 66.7 % as the main reason for seeking treatment, and esthetics ranked as second (with 48.3 %). Treatment time was considered within the prediction by 46.7% of the interviewees and the results were judged as very good by 43.3 %. The social relations of most participants were not affected by treatment (73.3 %). Also, 58.3 % of the interviewees reported pain as the main complaint and 53.3 % found it difficult to use dental floss. Most participants saw the orthodontist as a professional who was concerned about their health (76.7 %), and believed that he/she was more able to treat them (96.6 %) when compared with the general practitioner. CONCLUSION: The orthodontist/ patient relationship enables an understanding of the expectations regarding orthodontic treatment, resulting in greater motivation and cooperation, leading to a successful outcome.