bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labour market segmentation, self-employment, and Hukou reform
Authors: Huang Chunyang , Ke Wenxiu
Published: November 2024

This study aims to examine the impact of the Hukou system, a labour mobility-restricting institution, on the decision to engage in non-agricultural self-employment in China, reflecting the dynamic process of labour transition from contractual work to self-employment within the country’s evolving labour market. By using the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) dataset, the results show that urban migrants, who own rural Hukou but migrate to large cities, are more likely to turn to self-employment than local citizens conditional on individual characteristics. Taking advantage of the 2014 Hukou reform, we provide supporting evidence that Hukou discrimination is a key factor in explaining the higher self-employment rate among representative urban migrants. Further heterogeneous analysis suggests that low-income migrants experience greater constraints imposed by the Hukou system, while high-income level migrants are more likely to turn to self-employment voluntarily.
Rational torsion points on abelian surfaces with quaternionic multiplication
Authors: Laga Jef , Schembri Ciaran , Shnidman Ari , Voight John
Published: November 2024

Let A be an abelian surface over

${\mathbb {Q}}$

whose geometric endomorphism ring is a maximal order in a non-split quaternion algebra. Inspired by Mazur’s theorem for elliptic curves, we show that the torsion subgroup of

$A({\mathbb {Q}})$

is

$12$

-torsion and has order at most

$18$

. Under the additional assumption that A is of

$ {\mathrm{GL}}_2$

-type, we give a complete classification of the possible torsion subgroups of

$A({\mathbb {Q}})$

.
Releasing long bubbles trapped in thin capillaries via tube centrifugation and inclination
Authors: Marcotte Alice , Ledda Pier Giuseppe , Buriasco Valentin , Dené Paul , Gallaire François , Keiser Ludovic
Published: November 2024

In confined systems, the entrapment of a gas volume with an equivalent spherical diameter greater than the dimension of the channel can form extended bubbles that obstruct fluid circuits and compromise performance. Notably, in sealed vertical tubes, buoyant long bubbles cannot rise if the inner tube radius is below a critical value near the capillary length. This critical threshold for steady ascent is determined by geometric constraints related to the matching of the upper cap shape with the lubricating film surrounding the elongated part of the bubble. Developing strategies to overcome this threshold and release stuck bubbles is essential for applications involving narrow liquid channels. Effective strategies involve modifying the matching conditions with an external force field to facilitate bubble ascent. However, it is unclear how changes in acceleration conditions affect the motion onset of buoyancy-driven long bubbles. This study investigates the mobility of elongated bubbles in sealed tubes with an inner radius near the critical value inhibiting bubble motion in a vertical setting. Two strategies are explored to tune bubble motion, leveraging variations in axial and transversal accelerations: tube rotation around its axis and tube inclination relative to gravity. By revising the geometrical constraints of the simple vertical setting, the study predicts new thresholds based on rotational speed and tilt angle, respectively, providing forecasts for the bubble rising velocity under modified apparent gravity. Experimental measurements of motion threshold and rising velocity compare well with theoretical developments, thus suggesting practical approaches to control and tune bubble motion in confined environments.
Leader’s feelings of violation and high LMX relationships: A multilevel approach to examine a contextual boundary condition in LMX
Authors: Valenzuela Marcus A. , Ross John , Crawford Wayne , Zare Mortaza , Linhardt Rylee M. , Maalouf Jamal T. , Aad Amine Abi
Published: November 2024

Leader–member exchange (LMX), a well-researched leadership theory that focuses on the dyadic relationships between leaders and subordinates, is associated with positive subordinates’ outcomes. However, the contexts outside the LMX dyadic relationship might influence those favorable outcomes. In this study, we investigate the cross-level moderating effect of leader’s feelings of violation, as a contextual boundary, on LMX outcomes. Based on social exchange theory, crossover model, and the psychological contract literature, we discuss how the relationship between a subordinate’s perceived LMX and favorable subordinate attitudes and behaviors, such as performance, task-focused citizenship behaviors, and organizational commitment, is reduced when the leader experiences feelings of violation toward the organization. Using a three-wave time-lagged multilevel design with a sample of 226 subordinates and 39 leaders, we find that leader’s feelings of violation mitigate the positive association of perceived LMX on citizenship behavior and commitment but have no effect on performance. Research and practical implications are discussed.
Advocacy versus depart: How perceived organizational support influences employee well-being and shapes their intentions
Authors: Viot Catherine , Benraiss-Noailles Laila
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the influence of perceived organizational support (POS) on employees’ intentions to recommend their employer or leave the organization. Based on social exchange theory, it explores how POS affects employee well-being and shapes behaviors such as loyalty and advocacy. An online survey gathered data from 604 French employees across various sectors, analyzing variables like POS, positive and negative well-being, and intentions to leave or recommend the employer. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships among these variables and to test the mediating role of well-being. Results show that POS positively influences employee well-being. High POS is associated with improved positive well-being, which decreases the intention to leave and increases the intention to recommend. Similarly, reduced negative well-being linked to high POS lowers the desire to leave and lessens negative effects on recommendation intentions. The study confirms the mediating role of well-being between POS and employee intentions. The study provides new insights into the impact of POS on employee intentions by highlighting the pathways of positive and negative well-being. For human resource practices, strengthening POS is essential to boost employee retention and encourage positive behaviors, thereby enhancing the organization’s reputation and attractiveness.
Querying Public Scholarship: An Unfinished List of Questions toward More Meaningful University–Community Partnerships
Authors: Kornstein Harris , Barrios Jacqueline Jean
Published: November 2024

How do we do public scholarship? It might seem like a simple question, but as anyone who has attempted to experiment with academic norms—let alone work collaboratively in and through institutional regulations, cultural expectations, and diverse personalities—is well aware, things get complicated quickly. As scholars, practitioners, and educators in the public humanities, the authors offer a set of sticky and thorny questions that are both theoretically minded and practice oriented, as possibilities to consider throughout the process of working on public projects or with community partners. Questions are grouped thematically—Framing, Planning, Partnerships, Institutions, Tools, Outputs and Forms, Documentation, Evaluation and Reflection—though are not meant to be exhaustive or prescriptive. In so doing, the essay insists that public scholarship not be codified into a clearly-defined discipline, but rather acknowledged as both an always already present practice for many scholars and in a constant state of emergence as a field. To that end, the authors also invite direct engagement with these questions, both inside and outside of the space of the text, encouraging readers to generate and share their own questions as well.
On (And Off) the Waterfront: The International Longshore and Warehouse Union and Its Place in Labor History
Authors: Meyris Andreas
Published: November 2024

Labor historians, particularly in the United States, have given unique attention to the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU). Emerging out of a series of tumultuous strikes on the West Coast during the early Depression years, the ILWU won trend-setting employment contracts, survived Second Red Scare-era persecution despite keeping avowedly leftwing leadership, and maintained its presence on the docks even after containerization dramatically reshaped the longshore industry. This review examines multiple recent works on the ILWU, noting new interventions—both in ILWU history and labor history, more broadly. All three reviewed works offer invaluable insight for how contemporary unions can adapt to technological changes in the workplace, foster internal democracy, and build labor power while fighting for social justice. The review concludes by offering potential avenues for further scholarly research, particularly on the nature of leftwing unionism and labor-generated alternatives to deindustrialization and workforce displacement.
Unequal Power Relations at the Center of Social Vulnerability to Climate Change: Empirical Insights from Coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Saleh
Published: November 2024

Climate change is a global phenomenon affecting millions of people. Low-income people and communities are particularly at risk because of limited capacities to cope with climate-related stresses. Differential access to social and economic resources determines the level of adaptive potential; thus, the variations in social vulnerability to climate change. This article explores how unequal power relations influence the level of vulnerability in rural agrarian Bangladesh. Using data from the coastal region, it specifically discusses ethnicity, religion, gender, and farm size as the sources and manifestations of power relations in Bangladeshi rural society. I argue that the deeply rooted institutions of power in the country shape access to important resources that might increase adaptive capacity and thus resilience in the context of rapid climate change.
LGBTQ+ Families, Welfare, and Same-sex Marriage Legalisation in Taiwan: A Social Policy Perspective
Authors: Lo Iris Po Yee
Published: November 2024

This article examines whether and to what extent legalised same-sex marriage can assist lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ+) people to develop family life and protect them from defamilisation and familisation risks. It focuses on the provision of and gaps in welfare for LGBTQ+ people since Taiwan’s same-sex marriage legalisation in 2019. A content analysis of online community discussions since marriage equality shows that local LGBTQ+ community discussions were filled with concerns about the lack of familial status for cross-border couples, lack of legal parental status and rights for same-sex parents, and questions about heteronormative values and kinship ties. This article reveals how heteronormative assumptions embedded in the policy system and in the wider society adversely influence LGBTQ+ people’s welfare, and identifies supplementary and alternative measures. It highlights the importance of providing universal basic services free from heteronormative biases and prioritising the well-being and rights of all citizens.
Compassion fatigue and palliative care in neonatal nurses
Authors: Bozdag Fatma , Basdas Oznur , Atlı Neslihan
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) emerge as one of the areas where palliative care is most needed. This study was conducted to examine the attitudes and compassion fatigue levels of NICUs nurses working in Şanlıurfa, where the fertility rate and infant mortality are highest in Turkey, toward palliative care.

Design

This study was conducted in descriptive type.

Methods

The research was carried out with 204 (85%) nurses who agreed to participate in the research between October 2022 and February 2023, out of 240 neonatal intensive care nurses working in the NICU of 2 training and research hospitals and a university hospital in Şanlıurfa. The data of the study were collected using an Introductory Information Form, the Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale, and the Compassion Fatigue Short Scale.

Results

Nurses; compassion fatigue scale mean score was 61.46 ± 26.64, palliative care scale mean score was 3.13 ± 0.74 for organization subdimension, 2.85 ± 0.73 for resources subdimension, and 3.08 ± 0.89 for clinician subdimension. In the results of the study, 8 barriers (parents do not participate in decisions, there is not enough staff, lack of time to spend with the family, lack of policies/rules in institutions for palliative care, lack of education and communication, society’s beliefs, nurses’ personal attitudes toward death, and lack of appreciation of past experiences with palliative care) and 6 facilitators (Nurses’ ability to express their perceptions, views and beliefs about palliative care, to participate and support palliative care, to inform parents, to provide counseling, adequate physical conditions) for palliative care were determined.

Conclusion

While it was determined that nurses had a slightly below moderate level of compassion fatigue and a close attitude toward organization and resources toward palliative care, it was determined that ethical conflict toward palliative care was high in clinical subdimension scores.

Objectives and Significance of Results

It is recommended that all nurses working in the NICU obtain certificates, improvements in resources such as personnel and equipment, improvements in the shift work system and development of policies/rules in institutions for palliative care.
Posttraumatic growth in young adults with parents diagnosed with cancer: Application of the self-regulation model
Authors: Shinan-Altman Shiri , Becker Liat
Published: November 2024

Background

The rising incidence of cancer has led to an increased number of adult children impacted by parental cancer. Previous research primarily focused on younger individuals, leaving a gap in understanding the experiences of adult children aged 20–35.

Objectives

To examine a model that integrates the interrelationships among the disease’s characteristics (i.e., disease stage), illness representations, coping strategies, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in young adults with parents diagnosed with cancer. In addition, we examined indirect relationships involving illness representations as independent variables, coping strategies as mediators, and PTG as the outcome variable.

Purpose

The rising incidence of cancer has led to an increased number of adult children impacted by parental cancer. Previous research primarily focused on younger individuals, leaving a gap in understanding the experiences of adult children aged 20–35. This study examines a model that integrates the interrelationships among the disease’s characteristics (i.e., disease stage), illness representations, coping strategies, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in young adults with parents diagnosed with cancer. In addition, we examined indirect relationships involving illness representations as independent variables, coping strategies as mediators, and PTG as the outcome variable.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 109 adult children (ages 20–35) of cancer patients. Data were collected using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, and the COPE questionnaire. Path analysis was performed to test the study’s hypotheses.

Results

The findings revealed that illness representations and coping strategies accounted for significant variance in PTG. Higher perceived severity of the parent’s illness was associated with greater use of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies, which were linked to higher PTG. Lower perceived control over the illness was associated with less use of problem-focused coping and subsequently lower PTG.

Conclusions

This study underscores the importance of subjective perceptions and coping strategies in fostering PTG among young adults with parents diagnosed with cancer. The findings highlight the need for tailored psychosocial interventions to enhance adaptive illness representations and effective coping strategies, promoting resilience and growth in this unique demographic.
Policy over Protest: Experimental Evidence on the Drivers of Support for Movement Parties
Authors: Mercea Dan , Santos Felipe G.
Published: November 2024

Across the world, political parties are incorporating social movement strategies and frames. In this study, we pivot from the dominant focus on party characteristics to analyze drivers of support for movement parties in six European countries. We report results from a choice-based conjoint survey experiment showing that contrary to previous research, movement party voters favor neither candidates who are institutional outsiders nor those who actively participate in protests. Candidate policy positions are the most important driver of the vote for movement parties. Movement party voters, additionally, prefer candidates who either display anti-elitist sentiments or who want to ensure the smooth running of the current political system. These insights invite renewed attention to movement parties as an electoral vehicle whose voters prioritize decisive policy change.
Buoyancy Modes in a Low Entropy Bubble
Authors: Toffoletto F. R. , Wolf R. A. , Derr J.
Published: November 2024

In the nightside region of Earth's magnetosphere, braking oscillations or buoyancy modes have been associated with the occurrence of low entropy bubbles. These bubbles form in the plasma sheet, particularly during geomagnetically disturbed times, and because of interchange, move rapidly earthward and may eventually come to rest in the inner plasma sheet or inner magnetosphere. Upon arrival, they often exhibit damped oscillations with periods of a few minutes and are associated with Pi2 pulsations. Previously we used the thin filament approximation to compare the frequencies and modes of buoyancy waves using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) ballooning and classic interchange theory. Interchange oscillations differ from the more general MHD oscillations by assuming constant pressure along a magnetic field line. It was determined that MHD ballooning and interchange modes are similar for plasma sheet field lines but differ for field lines that map to the inner magnetosphere. This suggested that the classic interchange formulation was only valid in the plasma sheet. This paper tests the hypothesis that the agreement between MHD ballooning and classic interchange could be restored inside a bubble. We create a small region of entropy depletion in the magnetotail and compare the buoyancy mode properties. At some locations inside the bubble, the MHD ballooning buoyancy modes resemble interchange modes but with lower frequencies than those of the unperturbed background. Unstable modes are found on the earthward edge of the bubble, while at the tailward edge, MHD ballooning predicts a slow mode wave solution not seen in the pure interchange solution.
Rheological Structure and Stress Triggered Megathrust Slip Constrained From the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura Crustal Earthquake
Authors: Wang Kai , Hu Yan , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2024

Understanding postseismic processes following the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake remains challenging due to the time‐dependent afterslip over the complex forearc system including crustal faults and megathrust, and the viscoelastic relaxation of the upper mantle. How the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura crustal earthquake interacts with the megathrust has yet to be better understood. Here we have derived the first 5‐year postseismic displacements from Global Positioning System (GPS) time series of 75 stations to study postseismic processes through a three‐dimensional viscoelastic finite element model. The optimal steady state viscosities of the crustal shear zone, megathrust shear zone, Australian upper mantle and Pacific upper mantle in the lowest‐misfit model among test models are 1018 Pa s, 4 × 1017 Pa s, 2 × 1019 Pa s and 1020 Pa s, respectively. The stress‐driven afterslip within the first 5 years after the earthquake is up to 80 cm over crustal faults, and up to 70 cm over the megathrust. A Kapiti slow slip sequence is probably promoted with a shorter interval by the 2016 earthquake, and is up to ∼11 cm within the first year after the earthquake. Afterslip over crustal faults and the megathrust are both required to reproduce the first‐order pattern of horizontal GPS observations. Coseismic rupture over the megathrust enhances shallow megathrust afterslip, which better fit the eastward postseismic displacement of sites near the rupture area. The southern end of Hikurangi megathrust may be activated during the 2016 earthquake and undergo continuous aseismic slip after the event.
Cuproptosis-related lncRNA JPX regulates malignant cell behavior and epithelial-immune interaction in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via miR-193b-3p/PLAU axis
Authors: Sun Mouyuan , Zhan Ning , Yang Zhan , Zhang Xiaoting , Zhang Jingyu , Peng Lianjie , Luo Yaxian , Lin Lining , Lou Yiting , You Dongqi , Qiu Tao , Liu Zhichao , Wang Qianting , Liu Yu , Sun Ping , Yu Mengfei , Wang Huiming
Published: November 2024

The development, progression, and curative efficacy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are influenced by complex interactions between epithelial and immune cells. Nevertheless, the specific changes in the nature of these interactions and their underlying molecular mechanisms in HNSCC are not yet fully understood. Cuproptosis, a form of programmed cell death that is dependent on copper, has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. However, the understanding of cuproptosis in the context of HNSCC remains limited. In this study, we have discovered that cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (CRLs) known as JPX play a role in promoting the expression of the oncogene urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) by competitively binding to miR-193b-3p in HNSCC. The increased activity of the JPX/miR-193b-3p/PLAU axis in malignant epithelial cells leads to enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HNSCC. Moreover, the overexpression of PLAU in tumor epithelial cells facilitates its interaction with the receptor PLAUR, predominantly expressed on macrophages, thereby influencing the abnormal epithelial–immune interactome in HNSCC. Notably, the JPX inhibitor Axitinib and the PLAU inhibitor Palbociclib may not only exert their effects on the JPX/miR-193b-3p/PLAU axis that impacts the malignant tumor behaviors and the epithelial–immune cell interactions but also exhibit synergistic effects in terms of suppressing tumor cell growth and arresting cell cycle by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK4/6) for the treatment of HNSCC.
Consequences of hyposalivation in relation to cancer treatment and early management of radiation-induced caries: case reports
Authors: Maret Delphine , Palmier Natalia Ranger , Guignes Philippe , Betancourt Sabine , Teulières Marie-Christine , Vigarios Emmanuelle , Banerjee Avijit
Published: November 2024

Given the prevalence of head and neck carcinoma and the salivary changes induced by the oral side effects of radiotherapy, such patients are at higher risk/susceptibility of developing dental caries. Radiation-caries is often under-treated in patients undergoing cervicofacial radiotherapy, yet these lesions can increase the risk of osteoradionecrosis due to necessary subsequent dental extractions. Moreover, xerostomia is accompanied by difficulties with speech, chewing and swallowing. The prevention and/or early management of radiation-induced carious lesions is essential in preventing oral complications and improving patients' quality of life. Based on a French case series, this paper proposes a protocol for the dental management of radiation-induced carious lesions.
TAp73 regulates mitochondrial dynamics and multiciliated cell homeostasis through an OPA1 axis
Authors: Buckley Niall A. , Craxton Andrew , Sun Xiao-Ming , Panatta Emanuele , Pinon Lucia Giraldez , Beier Sina , Kalmar Lajos , Llodrá Jaime , Morone Nobuhiro , Amelio Ivano , Melino Gerry , Martins L. Miguel , MacFarlane Marion
Published: November 2024

Dysregulated mitochondrial fusion and fission has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. We have identified a novel function of the p53 family protein TAp73 in regulating mitochondrial dynamics. TAp73 regulates the expression of Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1), a protein responsible for controlling mitochondrial fusion, cristae biogenesis and electron transport chain function. Disruption of this axis results in a fragmented mitochondrial network and an impaired capacity for energy production via oxidative phosphorylation. Owing to the role of OPA1 in modulating cytochrome c release, TAp73−/− cells display an increased sensitivity to apoptotic cell death, e.g., via BH3-mimetics. We additionally show that the TAp73/OPA1 axis has functional relevance in the upper airway, where TAp73 expression is essential for multiciliated cell differentiation and function. Consistently, ciliated epithelial cells of Trp73−/− (global p73 knock-out) mice display decreased expression of OPA1 and perturbations of the mitochondrial network, which may drive multiciliated cell loss. In support of this, Trp73 and OPA1 gene expression is decreased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, a disease characterised by alterations in mitochondrial dynamics. We therefore highlight a potential mechanism involving the loss of p73 in COPD pathogenesis. Our findings also add to the growing body of evidence for growth-promoting roles of TAp73 isoforms.
KHDRBS1 regulates the pentose phosphate pathway and malignancy of GBM through SNORD51-mediated polyadenylation of ZBED6 pre-mRNA
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Liu Xiaobai , Dong Weiwei , Wang Ping , Liu Libo , Liu Lu , E Tiange , Wang Di , Lin Yang , Lin Hongda , Ruan Xuelei , Xue Yixue
Published: November 2024

Glioblastoma is one of the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors. The aberration of metabolism is the important character of GBM cells and is tightly related to the malignancy of GBM. We mainly verified the regulatory effects of KHDRBS1, SNORD51 and ZBED6 on pentose phosphate pathway and malignant biological behavior in glioblastoma cells, such as proliferation, migration and invasion. KHDRBS1 and SNORD51 were upregulated in GBM tissues and cells. But ZBED6 had opposite tendency in GBM tissues and cells. KHDRBS1 may improve the stability of SNORD51 by binding to SNORD51, thus elevating the expression of SNORD51. More importantly, SNORD51 can competitively bind to WDR33 with 3’UTR of ZBED6 pre-mRNA which can inhibit the 3’ end processing of ZBED6 pre-mRNA, thereby inhibiting the expression of ZBED6 mRNA. ZBED6 inhibited the transcription of G6PD by binding to the promoter region of G6PD. Therefore, the KHDRBS1/SNORD51/ZBED6 pathway performs an important part in regulating the pentose phosphate pathway to influence malignant biological behavior of GBM cells, providing new insights and potential targets for the treatment of GBM.
Reduced contrast sensitivity function and outer retina thickness in convalescent Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
Authors: Li Yi-Sha , Hu Xia , Zhou Fang-Yue , Guo Xingneng , Yang Xiaoling , Liu Ruru , Lin Dan , Dai Mali , Wu Ke , Wu Jiaqing , Hou Fang , Lesmes Luis Andres , Lu Zhong-Lin , Wang Yu-Qin
Published: November 2024

Background

To evaluate contrast sensitivity function (CSF) in convalescent Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and investigate the relationship between CSF and chorioretinal thickness in VKH patients with and without sunset glow fundus (SGF).

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study. Seventy-six eyes of VKH patients and 56 eyes of normal controls were evaluated. Patients were divided into SGF and non-SGF groups. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of all the participants was ≤0.0 logMAR. Their CSF and macular chorioretinal thickness were measured with quantitative CSF (qCSF) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and compared using repeated measures analysis of variance at the group level. Relationships between CSF and macular chorioretinal thickness were evaluated using generalized estimating equations.

Results

The CSF was significantly impaired in the SGF group compared to that in the control group (p = 0.001), especially at medium and high spatial frequencies. No significant CSF difference was found between the non-SGF group and control group, nor between the SGF and non-SGF groups. Compared to the controls, outer retinal thickness (ORT) in both VKH subgroups was significantly reduced (P < 0.001 or 0.005, respectively), although their outer nuclear layer thickness (ONLT) and choroidal thickness (CT) were not significantly different (both P = 1.000, P = 0.829 or 0.112, respectively). We found no significant correlation between CSF metrics and outer retinal thickness.

Conclusions

Despite good recovery of visual acuity, reduced CSF and outer retina thickness were found in convalescent VKH patients. CSF may be an important and sensitive metric to evaluate functional vision in VKH disease.
mRNA delivery enabled by metal–organic nanoparticles
Authors: Gu Yuang , Chen Jingqu , Wang Zhaoran , Liu Chang , Wang Tianzheng , Kim Chan-Jin , Durikova Helena , Fernandes Soraia , Johnson Darryl N. , De Rose Robert , Cortez-Jugo Christina , Caruso Frank
Published: November 2024

mRNA therapeutics are set to revolutionize disease prevention and treatment, inspiring the development of platforms for safe and effective mRNA delivery. However, current mRNA delivery platforms face some challenges, including limited organ tropism for nonvaccine applications and inflammation induced by cationic nanoparticle components. Herein, we address these challenges through a versatile, noncationic nanoparticle platform whereby mRNA is assembled into a poly(ethylene glycol)-polyphenol network stabilized by metal ions. Screening a range of components and relative compositional ratios affords a library of stable, noncationic, and highly biocompatible metal–organic nanoparticles with robust mRNA transfection in vitro and in mice. Intravenous administration of the lead mRNA-containing metal–organic nanoparticles enables predominant protein expression and gene editing in the brain, liver, and kidney, while organ tropism is tuned by varying nanoparticle composition. This study opens an avenue for realizing metal–organic nanoparticle-enabled mRNA delivery, offering a modular approach to assembling mRNA therapeutics for health applications.
A tuneable minimal cell membrane reveals that two lipid species suffice for life
Authors: Justice Isaac , Kiesel Petra , Safronova Nataliya , von Appen Alexander , Saenz James P.
Published: November 2024

All cells are encapsulated by a lipid membrane that facilitates their interactions with the environment. How cells manage diverse mixtures of lipids, which dictate membrane property and function, is experimentally challenging to address. Here, we present an approach to tune and minimize membrane lipid composition in the bacterium Mycoplasma mycoides and its derived ‘minimal cell’ (JCVI-Syn3A), revealing that a two-component lipidome can support life. Systematic reintroduction of phospholipids with different features demonstrates that acyl chain diversity is more important for growth than head group diversity. By tuning lipid chirality, we explore the lipid divide between Archaea and the rest of life, showing that ancestral lipidomes could have been heterochiral. However, in these simple organisms, heterochirality leads to impaired cellular fitness. Thus, our approach offers a tunable minimal membrane system to explore the fundamental lipidomic requirements for life, thereby extending the concept of minimal life from the genome to the lipidome.
An assessment of China’s methane mitigation potential and costs and uncertainties through 2060
Authors: Khanna Nina , Lin Jiang , Liu Xu , Wang Wenjun
Published: November 2024

China, the world’s largest methane emitter, is increasingly focused on methane mitigation in support of its climate goals, but gaps exist in the understanding of key methane sources, as well as mitigation opportunities and their associated uncertainties. We use a bottom-up modeling approach with updated methane emission projections and abatement cost analysis to account for additional sources, uncertainties, and mitigation measures in China’s energy and agricultural sectors. Here we show the significant cost-effective potential for reducing methane emissions in China by 2030, with 660 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent possible with average negative abatement costs of US$6.40 per tonne CO2e. Most of this potential exists in the energy sector, particularly coal mining, but the greater potential will shift towards agriculture by 2060. Aquaculture and biochar applications in rice cultivation have net economic benefits but need greater support for deployment, while new mitigation measures will be needed for remaining emissions from enteric fermentation, rice cultivation, and wastewater.
Metformin associates with higher myocardial perfusion reserve and survival in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Sharrack Noor , Knott Kristopher D. , Gulsin Gaurav S. , Kotecha Tushar , Brown Louise A. E. , Yeo Jian L. , Porcari Aldostefano , Adam Robert D. , Thirunavukarasu Sharmaine , Chowdhary Amrit , Levelt Eylem , Moon James C. , McCann Gerry P. , Fontana Marianna , Kellman Peter , Munyombwe Theresa , Gale Chris P. , Buckley David L. , Greenwood John P. , Swoboda Peter P. , Plein Sven
Published: November 2024

Metformin is an antihyperglycemic used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with T2DM are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We explored the association between metformin use and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) derived stress myocardial blood flow (MBF), myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; all cause death, MI, stroke, heart failure hospitalisation and coronary revascularisation) in patients with T2DM. Multi-centre study of patients with T2DM, and healthy controls, underwent quantitative myocardial perfusion CMR using an artificial intelligence supported process. Multivariable regression analysis, and cox proportional hazard models of propensity score weighted patients quantified associations between metformin use, MBF, MPR, all cause death and MACE. Analysis included 572 patients with T2DM (68% prescribed metformin) with median follow-up 851 days (IQR 935 − 765). Metformin use was associated with an increase of MPR of 0.12 [0.08–0.40], p = 0.004. There were 82 MACE events (14.3%) including 25 (4.4%) deaths of which 16 were in those not prescribed metformin (8.7%), compared to 9 in patients prescribed metformin (2.3%): adjusted hazard ratio 0.24 (95% CI 0.08–0.70, p = 0.009). MACE events were similar between groups. This multicentre, inverse probability weighting propensity score analysis study showed that in patients with T2DM, metformin use is associated with higher MPR and improved all cause survival.
Uncovering novel polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes and unique pathway in yeast hanseniaspora valbyensis for sustainable bioplastic production
Authors: Abd-El-Haleem Desouky A.M. , Elkatory Marwa R. , Abu-Elreesh Gadallah M.
Published: November 2024

This study delves into the exploration of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis genes within wild-type yeast strains, spotlighting the exceptional capabilities of isolate DMG-2. Through meticulous screening, DMG-2 emerged as a standout candidate, showcasing vivid red fluorescence indicative of prolific intracellular PHA granules. Characterization via FTIR spectroscopy unveiled a diverse biopolymer composition within DMG-2, featuring distinct functional groups associated with PHA and polyphosphate. Phylogenetic analysis placed DMG-2 within the Hanseniaspora valbyensis NRRL Y-1626 group, highlighting its distinct taxonomic classification. Subsequent investigation into DMG-2’s PHA biosynthesis genes yielded promising outcomes, with successful cloning and efficient PHA accumulation confirmed in transgenic E. coli cells. Protein analysis of ORF1 revealed its involvement in sugar metabolism, supported by its cellular localization and identification of functional motifs. Genomic analysis revealed regulatory elements within ORF1, shedding light on potential splice junctions and transcriptional networks influencing PHA synthesis pathways. Spectroscopic analysis of the biopolymer extracted from transgenic E. coli DMG2-1 provided insights into its co-polymer nature, comprising segments of PHB, PHV, and polyphosphate. GC-MS analysis further elucidated the intricate molecular architecture of the polymer. In conclusion, this study represents a pioneering endeavor in exploring PHA biosynthesis genes within yeast cells, with isolate DMG-2 demonstrating remarkable potential. The findings offer valuable insights for advancing sustainable bioplastic production and hold significant implications for biotechnological applications.
3D hydrogen-like screening effect on excitons in hBN-encapsulated monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Takahashi S. , Kusaba S. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Yanagi K. , Tanaka K.
Published: November 2024

We observe both s-series and p-series excitons by using sum frequency generation spectroscopy on monolayer (1L-)MX2 (M = Mo, W, X = S, Se) encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Moreover, we perform numerical calculations with the Rytova-Keldysh potential and obtain the relative dielectric constant of hBN among other parameters. The obtained relative dielectric constant can be approximated by the high-frequency limit of the infrared dispersion even though the exciton binding energies are almost on the phonon resonances in hBN. This suggests that the theoretically indicated modification of the exciton level structure due to the phonon resonances is negligible. The power-law scaling of exciton binding energies indicates that dielectric screening of 1L-MX2 exciton levels other than 1s can be approximated by that of a 3D hydrogen model with the dielectric constant of hBN.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for fibromyalgia-like syndrome in patients with Long-COVID: a pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zulbaran-Rojas Alejandro , Bara Rasha O. , Lee Myeounggon , Bargas-Ochoa Miguel , Phan Tina , Pacheco Manuel , Camargo Areli Flores , Kazmi Syed Murtaza , Rouzi Mohammad Dehghan , Modi Dipaben , Shaib Fidaa , Najafi Bijan
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for fibromyalgia-like symptoms including chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and/or gait impairment in twenty-five individuals with long-COVID. Participants were randomized to a high dose (intervention group, IG) or low dose (placebo group, PG) TENS device. Both groups received daily 3–5 h of TENS therapy for 4-weeks. The Brief Pain Inventory assessed functional interference from pain (BPI-I), and pain severity (BPI-S). The global fatigue index (GFI) assessed functional interference from fatigue. Wearable technology measured gait parameters during three 30-feet consecutive walking tasks. At 4-weeks, the IG exhibited a greater decrease in BPI-I compared to the PG (mean difference = 2.61, p = 0.008), and improved in gait parameters including stride time (4-8%, test condition dependent), cadence (4-10%, depending on condition), and double-support phase (12% in dual-task) when compared to baseline. A sub-group meeting the 2010 American College of Rheumatology Fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria undergoing high-dose TENS showed GFI improvement at 4-weeks from baseline (mean change = 6.08, p = 0.005). Daily TENS therapy showed potential in reducing functional interference from pain, fatigue, and gait alterations in long-COVID individuals. The study’s limited power could affect the confirmation of certain observations. Extending the intervention period may improve treatment effectiveness.
Warming-induced contrasts in snow depth drive the future trajectory of soil carbon loss across the Arctic-Boreal region
Authors: Pongracz Alexandra , Wårlind David , Miller Paul A. , Gustafson Adrian , Rabin Sam S. , Parmentier Frans-Jan W.
Published: November 2024

The Arctic-Boreal region is projected to experience spatially divergent trends in snow depth following climate change. However, the impact of these spatial trends has remained largely unexplored, despite potentially large consequences for the carbon cycle. To address this knowledge gap, we forced a customised arctic version of the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS with daily CMIP6 outputs from a global climate model (MRI-ESM2-0) under three climate scenarios. We find that snow depths increased the most in the coldest, northernmost regions, insulating the soil, which led to increased heterotrophic respiration and reduced carbon residence times. We emphasise the need for improved projections of future snow depth - in particular diverging trends across landscapes - to more accurately simulate the strength of Arctic-Boreal carbon feedbacks and their impact on global climate.
How climate change intensified storm Boris’ extreme rainfall, revealed by near-real-time storylines
Authors: Athanase Marylou , Sánchez-Benítez Antonio , Monfort Eva , Jung Thomas , Goessling Helge F.
Published: November 2024

Disentangling the impact of climate change on environmental extremes is of key importance for mitigation and adaptation. Here we present an automated system that unveils the climate change signal of the day in near-real-time, employing a set of innovative storyline simulations based on a coupled climate model. Its potential to complement probabilistic assessments is showcased for storm Boris, which brought record-breaking rainfall over Central and Eastern Europe in September 2024, leading to devastating floods. Our near-real-time storylines suggest that storm Boris deposited about 9% more rain due to human-induced warming. The area impacted by the same storm’s extreme rainfall (>100 mm) was 18% larger and would continue expanding in a future warmer climate. Results from our prototype storyline system are disseminated publicly via an online tool. The case of Storm Boris demonstrates the potential of near-real-time storylines for rapid evidence-based climate change communication.
Flocs as vectors for microplastics in the aquatic environment
Authors: Wu Nan , Grieve Stuart W. D. , Manning Andrew J. , Spencer Kate L.
Published: November 2024

Microplastics (MPs) are an important component of suspended particulate matter in aquatic environments with two main transport modes, that is, as individual entities or in flocs. Despite its importance to MP pollution management, understanding and predicting MP flocculation remains a challenge. In this Article, we combined a meta-analysis of published data (>2,000 measurements) with new experimental data (>4,000 measurements) to investigate which size fraction of MPs can be incorporated into and transported by flocs in the aquatic environment. The size relationship between MPs and flocs can be used to predict the flocculation of MPs in various aquatic environments, and we have proposed a mathematical model to show that small MPs (<162 µm) are predominantly transported as flocs, regardless of the physicochemical characteristics of the MPs or water body. This provides valuable information to predict the transport modes of MPs, presenting a critical insight for multiple environmental settings and future pollution control strategies.
Synthesis and Functionalization of Advanced Materials for Pollutant Removal
Authors: Rajappan Kalaivizhi , Bose Neeraja , Ambrose Anishia , Iqbal Anwar
Published: November 2024

Water pollution has emerged as a pressing global concern due to the accumulation of hazardous compounds originating from pharmaceuticals, textiles, ternary industries etc. It is in high demand to develop advanced materials as sustainable solutions for eradicating diverse impurities from the aqueous ecosystem. Advanced materials encompass a wide range of nanomaterials, including nanocomposites, nanoparticles, and functionalized materials such as graphene-based materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), MXene, and bio-based nanocomposites. Their unique structural and surface properties are explored in depth, highlighting their enhanced adsorption, catalytic, and photocatalytic capabilities. In addition, to enhance their removal efficiency, these materials can be further functionalized by introducing significant functional groups onto the surface of the material. Furthermore, this chapter highlights the advanced materials, kinds of functionalization, and synthesis methods. The challenges and perspectives of advanced materials have also been studied for better conclusions.
Synthesis and modification of boron nitride nanomaterials for gas sensors: from theory to application
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Yan , Qin Cong , Cao Jianliang
Published: November 2024

The synthesis and modification of BN based nanomaterials for gas sensors is summarized from theory to application.
GLAS: an open-source easily expandable Git-based scheduling architecture for integral lab automation
Authors: Cousty Jean-Charles , Cavagna Tanguy , Schmidt Alec , Mariano Edy , Villat Keyan , de Nanteuil Florian , Miéville Pascal
Published: November 2024

We propose a new open-source Github-based, adaptable to any type of laboratory automation, scheduling architecture for massive parallelization of operations. GLAS can accommodate a large variety of equipment via a multilayered approach.
Cationic first-row transition metal saccharinate complexes with tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine: synthesis, structures and anticancer studies
Authors: Icsel Ceyda , Aydinlik Seyma , Aygun Muhittin , Yilmaz Veysel T.
Published: November 2024

Highly cytotoxic dinuclear oxo-bridged Fe(iii) saccharinate complex with tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine induces excessive ROS generation, mitochondrial and DNA damage in HT29 colon cancer cells.
High-performance chemically recyclable multifunctional polyolefin-like biomass-derived polyester materials
Authors: Li Zheng-Ming , Li Xing-Liang , Li Yao , Zhang Yu-Hang , Fu Teng , Wang Xiu-Li , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: November 2024

Novel, fully bio-based, and performance-privileged multifunctional polyolefin-like polyester materials with inherent recyclability, exceptional mechanical and barrier properties and ultra-high machinability.
A green method for the synthesis of lubricating ester oil using a bi-functional ionic liquid
Authors: Wang Yanan , Zhao Qilong , Yin Jun , Su Huaigang , Yu Hongyuan , Lou Wenjing
Published: November 2024

An ionic liquid [BTAMIM][DEPH] was prepared that could not only catalyze the synthesis of ester oil with good catalytic activity but also serve as a lubricant additive, which improved the friction reduction and anti-wear performance of the ester oil.
Comparative study of luminescent Cd-MOF and Cd-MOF@HNT nanomaterials for the detection of hydroxyl-functionalized nitroaromatic compounds
Authors: Arya Kushal , Mehra Sanjay , Kumar Ajay , Saini Vaneet , Kumar Arvind , Mehta Surinder Kumar , Kataria Ramesh
Published: November 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as a key solution for detecting and adsorbing hazardous nitroaromatic compounds, driven by environmental and security concerns.
Synthesis and characterization of carbonyl functionalized organotellurium(iv) derivatives
Authors: Singh Puspendra , Khan Mariya , Duthie Andrew , Butcher Ray J.
Published: November 2024

Aryltellurium trichlorides, ArTeCl3 (Ar = C6H5, Ph; 4-Me-C6H4, p-Tol; 1-C10H7, 1-Nap; 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, Mes) react under mild conditions with acetylacetone/benzoylacetone to give carbonyl functionalized organotellurium(iv) derivatives.
FeNi bimetallic oxides derived from MOFs as precursors promote efficient electrochemical synthesis of ammonia
Authors: Xiong Jiuqing , Zhang Yanli , Wang Yifan , Zhang Haoyu , Huang Shengwei , Yan Shihai , Liu Bingping
Published: November 2024

Both experimental results and theoretical data indicate that the synthesized NiFe2O4 is a high-yield and efficient catalyst with great potential in sustainable ammonia production and wastewater treatment.