bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Energy Transfers between Mesoscale and Submesoscale Motions in the Open Ocean’s Upper Layers
Authors: Garabato Alberto C. Naveira , Yu Xiaolong , Callies Jörn , Barkan Roy , Polzin Kurt L. , Frajka-Williams Eleanor E. , Buckingham Christian E. , Griffies Stephen M.
Published: November 2021

Mesoscale eddies contain the bulk of the ocean’s kinetic energy (KE), but fundamental questions remain on the cross-scale KE transfers linking eddy generation and dissipation. The role of submesoscale flows represents the key point of discussion, with contrasting views of submesoscales as either a source or a sink of mesoscale KE. Here, the first observational assessment of the annual cycle of the KE transfer between mesoscale and submesoscale motions is performed in the upper layers of a typical open-ocean region. Although these diagnostics have marginal statistical significance and should be regarded cautiously, they are physically plausible and can provide a valuable benchmark for model evaluation. The cross-scale KE transfer exhibits two distinct stages, whereby submesoscales energize mesoscales in winter and drain mesoscales in spring. Despite this seasonal reversal, an inverse KE cascade operates throughout the year across much of the mesoscale range. Our results are not incompatible with recent modeling investigations that place the headwaters of the inverse KE cascade at the submesoscale, and that rationalize the seasonality of mesoscale KE as an inverse cascade-mediated response to the generation of submesoscales in winter. However, our findings may challenge those investigations by suggesting that, in spring, a downscale KE transfer could dampen the inverse KE cascade. An exploratory appraisal of the dynamics governing mesoscale–submesoscale KE exchanges suggests that the upscale KE transfer in winter is underpinned by mixed layer baroclinic instabilities, and that the downscale KE transfer in spring is associated with frontogenesis. Current submesoscale-permitting ocean models may substantially understate this downscale KE transfer, due to the models’ muted representation of frontogenesis.
Correcting PAR Data from Photovoltaic Quantum Sensors on Remote Weather Stations on the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Nunez Manuel , Cantin Neal , Steinberg Craig , van Dongen-Vogels Virginie , Bainbridge Scott
Published: November 2021

The study addresses a network of remote weather stations on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) that house Licor192 quantum sensors measuring photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) above water. There is evidence of significant degradation in the signal from the sensors after a 2-yr deployment. Main sources of uncertainty in the calibration are outlined, which include degradation of the photodiode, soiling of the sensors by dust and salt spray, cosine responses, and sensitivity to air temperature. Raw PAR data are improved using correction factors based on a cloudless PAR model. Uncertainties in cosine responses of the instrument are low but significant errors may occur if the supporting platform is misaligned and not horizontal. A set of recommendations are provided to improve the quality of the PAR data.

Significance Statement

A method is described to correct historical PAR data collected on the Great Barrier Reef, such that these valuable observations may be improved and used effectively.
On the Misclassification of Dust as Cloud at an AERONET Site in the Sonoran Desert
Authors: Evan Amato , Walkowiak Blake , Frouin Robert
Published: November 2021

Here we present retrievals of aerosol optical depth τ from an Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) station in the southeastern corner of California, an area where dust storms are frequent. By combining AERONET data with collocated ceilometer measurements, camera imagery, and satellite data, we show that during significant dust outbreaks the AERONET cloud-screening algorithm oftentimes classifies dusty measurements as cloud contaminated, thus removing them from the aerosol record. During dust storms we estimate that approximately 85% of all dusty retrievals of τ and more than 95% of retrievals when τ > 0.1 are rejected, resulting in a factor-of-2 reduction in dust-storm averaged τ. We document the specific components in the screening algorithm responsible for the misclassification. We find that a major reason for the loss of these dusty measurements is the high temporal variability in τ during the passage of dust storms over the site, which itself is related to the proximity of the site to the locations of emission. We describe a method to recover these dusty measurements that is based on collocated ceilometer measurements. These results suggest that AERONET sites that are located close to dust source regions may require ancillary measurements to aid in the identification of dust.

Significance Statement

In this study we demonstrate that, during dust storms, measurements made with a sun photometer at an AERONET site in the western Sonoran Desert are frequently classified as cloud contaminated by the network’s processing algorithm. We identify the various algorithmic tests that result in the misclassification and discuss the physical reasons why dust typically fails those tests. We then present a method to restore these data that utilizes measurements from a collocated ceilometer. This work highlights the challenges, and one solution, to operating an AERONET site in a region that is close to the sources of airborne dust.
Carcinogenicity Evaluation of Baclofen in TgrasH2 Mice
Authors: Chevalier Guillaume , Aubert Nicolas , Thirion-Delalande Catherine , Palate Bernard , Singh Pramila
Published: November 2021

Baclofen is a γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor agonist used for control of spastic muscle activity and as a treatment for alcohol abuse. The review of the nonclinical database suggested a data gap for potential carcinogenicity following long-term use. Regulatory requirements for pharmaceutical safety testing of cancer-causing potential have historically included 2-year rodent studies in rats and mice. The availability of transgenic models with greater specificity and sensitivity to carcinogens provides safety testing alternatives that align with the 3Rs. The carcinogenicity of baclofen was evaluated in CB6F1-TgrasH2 transgenic mice following daily oral administration at 45, 90, and 180 mg/kg/d for 26 weeks, preceded by a 2-week drug-conditioning period. There were no treatment-related palpable masses or neoplastic findings, and survival rates were not affected by the baclofen treatment. In conclusion, baclofen was considered as noncarcinogenic in CB6F1-TgrasH2 mice, which is consistent with results previously obtained in a 2-year rat study.
Chemerin regulates autophagy to participate in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Luo Xiaodong , Gong Yangyang , Cai Liuyun , Zhang Lei , Dong Xiaojing
Published: November 2021

Objective

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Chemerin has recently been discovered as a novel adipokine associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Excessive autophagy activity and overexpression of autophagy-related genes in follicular granulosa cells are important mechanisms of PCOS. This study aimed to investigate the effect of chemerin on autophagy in PCOS.

Methods

A rat model of PCOS was established by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate under a high-fat diet. Expression levels of chemerin and its receptor CMKLR1 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Proliferation and apoptosis of human granulosa cells in vitro and expression of autophagy-related genes were examined using bafilomycin A1 (autophagy inhibitor) and Torin1 (autophagy inducer).

Results

Chemerin and CMKLR1 expression were significantly increased in the ovary in a rat model of PCOS. Ectopic expression of chemerin promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of COV434 cells. Ectopic expression of chemerin also induced autophagy by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway.

Conclusions

Chemerin and CMKLR1 were overexpressed in PCOS rats. Chemerin promoted autophagy through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and may provide a potential target and biomarker of PCOS.
On the emerging global relevance of atmospheric rivers and impacts on landscapes and water resources
Authors: Ramseyer Craig A , Teale Natalie
Published: November 2021

This progress report discusses the lineage of atmospheric rivers (ARs) research, focusing on the transformation of the topic from an important regional atmospheric feature along the U.S. West Coast to a globally relevant driver of extreme hydrometeorological events. As the AR literature has advanced, so has the regional expanse covered, initially expanding into the Central U.S. and Europe. Recently, new, emerging regions are being explored in the AR literature such as the high latitudes, New Zealand, China, North Africa, and the Middle East. The literature on the impact of AR-driven hydrometeorological events on land surface processes (e.g., landslides and avalanches) and water resources is also rapidly developing. This progress report seeks to expose the broader physical geography discipline to the global relevance of ARs and promote new applied research frontiers at the intersection of ARs and those processes studied by physical geographers.
The MRI of Jahi McMath and Its Implications for the Global Ischemic Penumbra Hypothesis
Authors: Shewmon D. Alan , Salamon Noriko
Published: November 2021

Jahi McMath was diagnosed brain dead on 12/12/2013 in strict accordance with both the pediatric and adult Guidelines, reinforced by 4 isoelectric electroencephalograms and a radionuclide scan showing intracranial circulatory arrest. Her magnetic resonance imaging scan 9 1/2 months later surprisingly showed gross integrity of cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and upper brainstem. The greatest damage was in the white matter, which was extensively demyelinated and cystic, and in the lower brainstem, most likely from partial herniation that resolved. The apparent integrity of gray matter and the ascending reticular activating system may have provided a potential structural basis for the reemergence of some limited brain functions, while the white matter and lower brainstem lesions would have caused severe motor disability, brainstem areflexia and apnea. The findings indicate that there could never have been a period of sustained intracranial circulatory arrest. Rather, at the time of brain death diagnosis, low blood flow below the detection threshold of the radionuclide scan was sufficient to maintain widespread neuronal viability, though insufficient to support synaptic function. Her case represents the first indirect confirmation of the reality and clinical relevance of global ischemic penumbra, hypothesized in 1999 as a generally unacknowledged and possibly common brain death mimic.
Frequency, Predictors, and Outcome of Seizures in Patients With Myelomeningocele: Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Karakas Cemal , Fidan Emin , Arya Kapil , Webber Troy , Cracco Joan B.
Published: November 2021

To determine the frequency, predictors, and outcomes of seizures in patients with myelomeningocele, we retrospectively analyzed the data from patients with myelomeningocele followed longitudinally at a single center from 1975 to 2013. We identified a total of 122 patients (61% female). The mean follow-up duration was 11.1 years (minimum-maximum = 0-34.5 years, SD = 8.8, median = 9.1 years). A total of 108 (88.5%) patients had hydrocephalus, and 98 (90.7%) of those patients required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure. Twenty-four (19.7%) patients manifested with seizures, 23 of whom had hydrocephalus. The average age of seizure onset was 4.8 years (median 2 years of age). Falx dysgenesis ( P = .004), lumbar myelomeningocele ( P = .007), and cortical atrophy ( P = .028) were significantly associated with epileptic seizure development. The average seizure-free period at the last follow-up in patients with a history of myelomeningocele and seizures was 8.1 years. We conclude that myelomeningocele patients with seizures have an overall good prognosis with considerable long-term seizure freedom.
Diet Quality and the Number of Comorbidities Are Associated with General Health Among Older Female Cancer Survivors
Authors: Danko Allison , Naughton Michelle , Spees Colleen , Bittoni Anna Maria , Krok-Schoen Jessica L.
Published: November 2021

Objective: We aimed to investigate the associations between diet quality, general health, and comorbidities among older female cancer survivors. Methods: Participants ( n = 171) completed one-time surveys to assess health-related quality of life (RAND-36), diet quality (Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015)), and number of comorbidities. Additional demographic and clinical variables were collected. Descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance, correlations, and linear regressions were utilized. Results: A positive correlation was found between HEI-2015 and general health subscale scores (r = .26, p = .002). A negative correlation was found between the number of comorbidities and general health (r = −.21, p = .02). Being white (β = −.24, p = .02) and having fewer comorbidities (β = −.22, p = .04) were significantly associated with higher general health. Being unmarried (β = .24, p = .02) and having higher education (β = .32, p = .002) were significantly associated with higher HEI-2015 scores. Discussion: Healthcare providers should seek guidance from registered dietitian nutritionists for nutritional education to promote optimal nutritional status, thus contributing to improved general health among this growing population.
Leflunomide Inhibits rat-to-Mouse Cardiac Xenograft Rejection by Suppressing Adaptive Immune Cell Response and NF-κB Signaling Activation
Authors: Ma Yunhan , Xie Baiyi , Guo Junjun , Chen Yingyu , Zhong Mengya , Lin Qingru , Hua Jianyu , Zhong Jiaying , Luo Xuewei , Yan Guoliang , Dai Helong , Qi Zhongquan
Published: November 2021

Xenotransplantation is a potential solution for the severe shortage of human donor organs and tissues. The generation of humanized animal models attenuates strong innate immune responses, such as complement-mediated hyperacute rejection. However, acute vascular rejection and cell mediated rejection remain primary barriers to xenotransplantation, which limits its clinical application. In this study, we systematically investigated the immunosuppressive effect of LEF using a rat-to-mouse heart xenotransplantation model. SD rat xenogeneic hearts were transplanted into C57BL/6 mice, and survived 34.5 days after LEF treatment. In contrast, BALB/c allogeneic hearts were transplanted into C57BL/6 mice, and survived 31 days after LEF treatment. Compared to normal saline treatment, LEF treatment decreased xenoreactive T cells and CD19+ B cells in recipient splenocytes. Most importantly, LEF treatment protected myocardial cells by decreasing xenoreactive T and B cell infiltration, inflammatory gene expression, and IgM deposition in grafts. In vivo assays revealed that LEF treatment eliminated xenoreactive and alloreactive T and B lymphocytes by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, these observations complement the evidence supporting the potential use of LEF in xenotransplantation.
Importance of Personality Factors in Determining the Psychological Consequences of Infertility: A Systematic Review
Authors: Darolia Shashi , Ghosh Debasruti
Published: November 2021

Background and purpose

The diagnosis of infertility not only involves biological but the psychosocial links have also been established. Individual difference variables, such as personality and temperament have been found playing prominent role in modifying the psychological and biological aspects of infertility. This systematic review aimed to examine evidence-based research on the role of personality traits in determining vulnerability to stress in infertility, understand the gender-based differences, and deliver suggestions for future researches.

Method

The search for studies relating to the variables was accomplished using various electronic databases. The search was kept limited to a time span of about 20 years, that is, from January 2000 to April 2020. Additional researches were collected from library source and others were retrieved by contacting experts. Studies were selected on the basis of a predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality of the studies was also taken into account.

Results

The search of studies through above methods was fruitful in identifying 23 studies including six longitudinal and prospective studies, and 17 cross-sectional studies covering both individual- and model-based personality attributes related findings. The overall quality ratings of the studies ranged from fair to good.

Conclusion

The review revealed that personality factors such as neuroticism, harm avoidance, and psychoticism are the potential risk factors, whereas optimism has a protective impact in the context of fertility disorders. The long-term impact of personality on infertility needs further exploration. Trait modification interventions during the treatment of infertility were also suggested in the light of previous findings.
Exploring a circular business model: Insights from the institutional theory perspective and the business model lens
Authors: Alpsahin Cullen Ufuk
Published: November 2021

Circular entrepreneurship is becoming a new, promising reality, in the manner of needed radical paradigmatic change in the era of Anthropocene. Circular entrepreneurs intend to create social and environmental value while they build financially viable businesses. They are embedded in multiple institutionalised value systems that they are expected to adhere to. Those institutionalised systems provide circular entrepreneurs with different, in many cases, contradictory norms, values and guiding principles. Substantial amount of research has been done to date to examine the impact of institutions on entrepreneurial endeavours. And yet, research lacks sufficient insights into how circular entrepreneurs engage with the institutional structures in designing business models on a financially feasible ground while creating social and environmental value. To address this, this paper investigates how circular entrepreneurs respond to the value systems of surrounding institutions in business modelling and how two fundamental aspects of embeddedness, namely resource integration and value cocreation, are achieved within a circular business model that is coherent in itself and with the entrepreneur's ambitions. Both the institutional context and the institutional logics surrounding entrepreneurs are examined to comprehend the surrounding institutional systems more in-depth and extensively. By analysing a longitudinal in-depth case study, this article aims to develop better insights into circular business modelling and underlying mechanisms of embeddedness. The case is a born-circular small cidermaker in Cornwall (UK), namely Wasted Apple. The findings show that the circular entrepreneur is surrounded by dominant normative institutions forming the principles of business model design. circular entrepreneurs mark fidelity to the institutional norms to obtain a range of microcompetencies and to manage integrated hybrid tensions within the value creation system. And therefore, a circular business model is a more holistic and inclusive structure as compared to a typical conventional linear business model. And yet, paradoxically embeddedness facilitates business survival but hinders strategic business planning as well as business profitability and growth.
“Standing behind your phrase”: Arendt and Jaspers on the (post-)metaphysics of evil
Authors: Dege Carmen Lea
Published: November 2021

This article turns to Hannah Arendt's Eichmann in Jerusalem in order to illustrate the difficulties involved in approaching the (formerly) metaphysical concept of evil as a secular phenomenon. It asks how the advocate of plurality, natality and forgiveness could also vouch for the death sentence of Eichmann based on a rhetoric of retribution and revenge. It then shows that Arendt's surprisingly consistent view of evil is based on a quasi-ontological understanding of the human condition that allowed her to negate Eichmann's humanity. Rather than simply unmasking a metaphysical account in disguise, however, the article develops an alternative perspective that emerges from the conversation between Arendt and Jaspers. It argues that Jaspers's interpretation of Kant offers a way to defend the idea of secular evil and judge Eichmann on the basis of his thoughtlessness.
A novel autonomous strategy for multi-bolt looseness detection using smart glove and Siamese double-path CapsNet
Authors: Wang Furui
Published: November 2021

Recently, the issue of bolt looseness has attracted more attention due to its severe consequences. Among different methods for bolt looseness detection, the active sensing method that is based on stress wave signals is preferred since it is low cost and high robust. However, current active sensing method depends on permanent contact sensors, which may be impractical. Moreover, the investigation of multi-bolt looseness detection via the active sensing is very limited so far. With the above deficiency in mind, we propose a new robotic-assisted active sensing method based on our newly designed PZT-enabled smart gloves (SGs) and position-based visual servoing (PBVS) technique. Particularly, another main contribution is that we develop a new Siamese CapsNet to classify stress wave signals under different cases for multi-bolt looseness detection. Compared to machine learning (ML) and traditional deep learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), the proposed Siamese CapsNet model can achieve better performance and realize the recognition of signals that is never used during the training, which is impossible for common classification methods. Finally, an experiment is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and Siamese CapsNet, which can guide future research significantly.
MiR-101-3p Suppresses Progression of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting and Down-Regulating KPNA2
Authors: Wang Hong , Xiao Rongxin , Yang Biao
Published: November 2021

Objective We explored mechanism of microRNA-101-3p/Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) axis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Bioinformatics methods were applied to identify genes for the study. Cell functional assays were implemented to examine the role of the genes in malignant progression of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Targeting relationship between genes was verified by dual-luciferase assay. Results: MicroRNA-101-3p was lowly expressed in cervical squamous cell carcinoma, while KPNA2 was highly expressed. Dual-luciferase assay identified direct targeting relationship between microRNA-101-3p and KPNA2. Functional assays manifested that highly expressed microRNA-101-3p suppressed cervical squamous cell carcinoma cell growth by targeting KPNA2. Conclusion: Overall, microRNA-101-3p/KPNA2 axis can play an important part in progression of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Li Meihui , Fan Ying , Lu Hongyang
Published: November 2021

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung (HAL) is an comparatively rare malignant tumor originating from the lung with shorter survival. HAL morphologically and pathologically exhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-like characteristics, while its clinical features resemble pulmonary adenocarcinoma. High concentration of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is often detected in the serum of HAL patients with no hepatic occupying lesion. Patients with AFP-negative HAL survive a few months longer than those with positive AFP test. HAL is a rare type of carcinoma, so there is a lack of systematic and extensive statistical research. The treatment strategy for HAL is similar to common lung adenocarcinoma. Complete surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy are the current major treatments for HAL patients. There are also a few of case reports suggesting that HAL patients may benefit from immunotherapy and targeted therapy. This review focuses on the clinical and pathological features, immunohistochemical staining characteristics, treatment and prognosis of HAL.
Increasing Warmth in Oncological Patients: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Pilot Trial Examining the Efficacy of Mustard and Ginger Footbaths
Authors: Vagedes Jan , Kuderer Silja , Vagedes Katrin , Hiller Stefan , Beissner Florian , Szőke Henrik , Joos Stefanie , Wolf Ursula
Published: November 2021

Objective:

To analyze the thermogenic effects of footbaths with medicinal powders in oncological patients (ON) and healthy controls (HC).

Intervention and Outcomes:

Thirty-six participants (23 ON, 13 HC; 24 females; 49.9 ± 13.3 years) received 3 footbaths in a random order with cross-over design: warm water only (WA), warm water plus mustard (MU, Sinapis nigra), and warm water plus ginger (GI, Zingiber officinale). Warmth perception of the feet (Herdecke Warmth Perception Questionnaire, HeWEF) at the follow-up (10 minutes after completion of footbaths, t2) was assessed as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included overall warmth as well as self-reported warmth (HeWEF) and measured skin temperature (high resolution thermography) of the face, hands and feet at baseline (t0), post immersion (t1), and follow-up (t2).

Results:

With respect to the warmth perception of the feet, GI and MU differed significantly from WA ( P’s < .05) with the highest effect sizes at t1 (WA vs GI, d = 0.92, WA vs MU, d = 0.73). At t2, perceived warmth tended to be higher with GI compared to WA ( d = 0.46). No differences were detected between ON and HC for self-reported warmth. With respect to skin temperatures, face and feet skin temperatures of ON were colder (at t0 and t1, 0.42 ≥  d ≥ 0.68) and tended to have diametrical response patterns than HC (ON vs HC: colder vs warmer after MU).

Conclusion:

Among adult oncological patients and healthy controls, footbaths with mustard and ginger increased warmth perception of the feet longer than with warm water only. The potential impact of regularly administered thermogenic footbaths over extended periods merits further investigation for the recovery of cancer-related sense of cold.
Reconsidering Police in Schools
Authors: King Ryan , Schindler Marc
Published: November 2021

In this article on School Police Officers (SPOs), we showcase the link between SPOs and exacerbated racial disparities in justice involvement and youth being driven deeper into criminal justice systems. Yet SPOs have been linked with increased arrests for non-criminal, youthful behavior, fueling the school-to-prison pipeline. It is important to note that the presence of SPOs is notably higher in schools with higher percentages of Black or Latino youth. Singling out the concerning and ever-widening reach of the justice system, SPOs are frequently given authority to intervene when non-criminal school rules are broken. By engaging mostly in law enforcement tactics, such as arrests, rather than education and mentorship programs that can act as preventative measures to rule-breaking at school, SPO presence often results in overall harsher punishments and increased arrests for youth non-criminal behavior. These policing practices “disproportionately expose children of color to the justice system at a young age [and] are correlated with a higher likelihood of incarceration as an adult”. Given the long term consequences associated with a single arrest—increased likelihood of dropping out and long-term consequences in obtaining adequate employment—we present policy recommendations to help rethink investments toward the types of approaches that are more likely to make schools safe and away from SPO involvement. These include using counselors, social workers and teachers, and alternative and restorative justice practices to address problematic behavior in schools.
Theta Burst Magnetic Stimulation Improves Parkinson’s-Related Cognitive Impairment: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: He Weijia , Wang Jia-Chi , Tsai Po-Yi
Published: November 2021

Background. Evidence remains mixed as to the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective. In this study, we examined the short- and long-term effects of patterned rTMS. Methods. We randomly assigned 35 patients with PD with MCI to two groups. One group received intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS; n = 20), and the other received its sham counterpart (n = 15). The stimulations were applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 10 consecutive weekdays. Measurements based on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were conducted at three time points: at baseline, immediately after the last intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Each patient received a 99mTc-TRODAT-1 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain scan at baseline. Results. The iTBS group exhibited significantly greater improvement than the sham group did in total RBANS and MoCA scores ( p < .001 for both) immediately after intervention and at the 3-month follow-up. Radiotracer uptake in the bilateral basal ganglion in baseline SPECT was positively correlated with response to iTBS conditioning with respect to improvements in MoCA scores ( p = .021). Conclusion. This randomised controlled trial provides evidence that a consecutive iTBS protocol can achieve a persistent and wide-ranging therapeutic effect in patients with PD with MCI.
Investigation on mechanical and chemical properties of mechanically extracted banana fibre in pseudostem layers: From Sri Lankan banana (Musa) cultivation waste
Authors: Balakrishnan Subashini , Wickramasinghe Ganemulle Lekamalage Dharmasri , Wijayapala Udumalagala Gamage Samudrika
Published: November 2021

This research investigates the factor influencing the quality of the fibre inside the banana pseudostem to determine which layers are suitable for delivering fine banana fibre. This research identifies the banana pseudostem layer-wise properties. Puwalu and Ambun fibres were obtained from the Kurunagala district in Sri Lanka. Banana fibres were separated from pseudostem by using a decorticator machine. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and universal tensile tester machine were used for the testing. The test results showed that the middle layers of the pseudostem to be the finest and strong. The lignin contains in the middle layer of fibre was lower than that of the first layer of fibres. The linear density of the ambun middle layer is 25 tex, the average diameter value is 80 µm and range of single fibre strength is 273–270 gf. Linear density of the puwalu middle layer is 29 tex, the diameter value was varying in between 98 and 100 µm and range of single fibre strength is 270–271 gf. The findings of this research will help anybody to select a suitable layer of Sri Lankan banana cultivars fibres based on physical and chemical properties. Then, these fine fibres can be a bridge over the extensive gap between natural cellulose substitute fibre demand.
Mouth care training and practice: a survey of nursing staff working in National Health Service hospitals in England
Authors: Doshi Mili , Mann Jessica , Quentin Léa , Morton-Holtham Luke , Eaton Kenneth A
Published: November 2021

Background

This study investigated the training and mouth care practice of nursing staff in hospital Trusts across England. Oral health has been found to deteriorate during hospital admission, mouth care standards have been found to be poor.

Aims

The objectives of the study were to assess if and what the barriers are to supporting inpatients' mouth care, and to assess how confident nursing staff are in carrying out mouth care assessments and mouth care and see if this is related to previous training.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in 33 Trusts in England with 1576 members of the nursing team including nurses and nursing assistants. Nursing staff were asked to complete a questionnaire on previous oral health training and their current practice.

Results

Nursing staff reported that they had limited training in mouth care. The main barriers to mouth care were time and patient compliance. Confidence in recognising oral cancer was low.

Conclusions

Nursing staff would benefit from mouth care training targeted at assessing the mouth and providing mouth care for all inpatients.
Natural Cembrane Diterpenoids From the Soft Coral Sinularia querciformis
Authors: Wu Yi-Ying , Hsieh Chia-Ching , Li Chia-Ying , Chang Wen-Huei , Chen Jih-Jung , Lai Kuei-Hung , Wen Zhi-Hong , Chung Hsu-Ming
Published: November 2021

Chemical examination of Sinularia querciformis afforded one new cembranoid, querciformolide F (1), along with four known cembranoids, sinulariolone (2), granosolide A (3), querciformolide A (4), and sinulariolide (5). The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic (IR, ESIMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR) analysis and by comparison with those previously reported in the literature. Compounds 2 to 4 were found to exhibit significant anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 mouse macrophages through attenuating the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) proteins.
Pan-genome Analyses of 3 Strains of Inonotus obliquus and Prediction of Polysaccharide and Terpenoid Genes
Authors: Guo Xiaofan , Wang Shouming
Published: November 2021

Inonotus obliquus is a rare, edible and medicinal fungus that is widely used as a remedy for various diseases. Its main bioactive substances are polysaccharides and terpenoids. In this study, we characterized and investigated the pan-genome of three strains of I. obliquus. The genome sizes of JL01, HE, and NBRC8681 were 32.04, 29.04, and 31.78 Mb, respectively. There were 6 543 core gene families and 6 197 accessory gene families among the three strains, with 14 polysaccharide-related core gene families and seven accessory gene families. For terpenoids, there were 13 core gene families and 17 accessory gene families. Pan-genome sequencing of I. obliquus has improved our understanding of biological characteristics related to the biosynthesis of polysaccharides and terpenoids at the molecular level, which in turn will enable us to increase the production of polysaccharides and terpenoids by this mushroom.
Stripping back the novelty: A critical reflection on the dual use of a comic-based approach to engage participants and publics
Authors: Rainford Jon
Published: November 2021

There has been increasing use of comic-based approaches within qualitative research as part of an increase in creative and visual methods more generally within social science research. However, whilst increasingly prevalent in dissemination, their use within data collection is less common. This paper examines the dual use of a comic-based approach embedded within a study that explored widening participation in higher education. Initially developed for the triangulation of emergent research findings with a wider group of participants, a comic panel was developed to be used as a focus of discussions within a workshop with 11 practitioners. This was then further developed for wider dissemination and to create a space for dialogue and to engage wider publics with the study’s recommendations. Both uses are critically examined, highlighting the affordances of comic-based approaches such as their capacity for supporting dissemination to a wider audience by distilling the findings and presenting them in an engaging way. Furthermore, it argues that the form can allow for creating points of ambiguity that create spaces for the audience to challenge and question taken for granted assumptions on a topic. The paper also sets out possible challenges such the need for specialist skills, the potential for oversimplification and misrepresentation of complex issues. This paper argues that with careful planning, comic-based approaches can add significant value and increase engagement with research. Finally, it offers suggestions for how this approach could be developed by future researchers.
Effects of digital mediation and familiarity in online video interviews between peers
Authors: Van Zeeland Ine , Van den Broeck Wendy , Boonen Michelle , Tintel Stephanie
Published: November 2021

In times of social distancing, we need to adapt some of our research methods. Methodologies in field research can be partly replaced by a combination of online methods, which will often include online interviews. Technologically, there are few limitations to conducting interviews online, but there are side effects to digital mediation: privacy related concerns, technology hiccups, and physical distance may be barriers to disclosure for the interviewee. A survey among master students who had conducted interviews online confirmed these negative effects on the flow of interviews. Barriers to disclosure may be overcome by introducing familiarity and role-sharing. We tested the methodology of duo interviews via online video-calling tool Skype. In duo interviews, two respondents who know each other, interview each other in absence of a researcher. This explorative study investigated the effects of digital mediation on the flow of interviews and possible mitigation by familiarity between interviewer and interviewee. The qualitative study’s respondents were mostly experienced interviewers who knew each other well and were also experienced in using online video-calling tools, which reduced the influence of variation in technical and interviewing skills. The focus of the study was on finding conditions for the use of the familiarity strategy in online interviews. While familiarity between interview participants was reported to positively affect disclosure, the use of this method is limited to specific interview purposes. An unexpected finding was that the absent researcher was, in fact, present in the interview due to the element of video-recording. We list recommendations and conditions for conducting duo interviews over online video-calling tools, as well as limitations.
Reflecting on Success in Difficult Times: A Key to Enhance Proactivity and Employability
Authors: Matsuo Makoto
Published: November 2021

Employability and proactivity are believed to be key factors for survival in uncertain and unpredictable environments. Despite the related importance of continuous learning, little is known how learning-related factors enhance employability and proactivity. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of reflection in enhancing perceived employability and proactive behavior in turbulent conditions, drawing on positive psychology. A two-wave survey of Japanese employees ( n = 408) was conducted during a pandemic period of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Results of a structural equation model show that reflection on success had positive direct and indirect effects on perceived employability mediated through proactive behavior, while reflection on failures had no significant effect on perceived employability and proactive behavior. The findings extend prior research on employability and proactivity by examining the role of learning-related cognitive factors based on the broaden-and-build theory.
Factors Engaging College Students in Online Learning: An Investigation of Learning Stickiness
Authors: Li Aixia , Islam A. Y. M. Atiquil , Gu Xiaoqing
Published: November 2021

This study extended the Expectancy Confirmation model (ECM) to examine the factors that influence online learning stickiness. The structural equation modeling was used to reveal the relationships among the factors through a survey of 395 online consumers. The findings indicate that learning stickiness was significantly impacted by switching cost and satisfaction. Learners’ perceived usefulness, perceived interactivity, and expectation confirmation have a significant effect on their satisfaction. Furthermore, learners’ perceived usefulness was significantly influenced by their perceived interactivity and expectation confirmation. The results of this research also provide sustainable development directions for online platforms, such as the quality of curriculum design and the level of interaction between curriculum platforms.
A Longitudinal Systematic Review of Credit Risk Assessment and Credit Default Predictors
Authors: Çallı Büşra Alma , Coşkun Erman
Published: November 2021

This study aims to reveal the predictors of individuals’ financial behavior associated with credit default for accurate and reliable credit risk assessment. Within the scope of credit use research, a systematic review of 108 studies was performed. Among the reviewed studies, a fair number have analyzed the determinants of default and delinquency. A remarkable number has examined the factors affecting outstanding and problematic debt levels, and some have investigated the financial behavior in terms of responsibility, debt repayment, and credit misuse. A wide range of socioeconomic, demographic, psychological, situational, and behavioral factors was explored, and their role in predicting the investigated outcome domain at various time-points was analyzed. The main analysis techniques and mix of predictors in papers also differed based on different time periods. While the synthesis of findings revealed some strong and consistent predictors for each outcome variable, mixed results were obtained for some factors. Additionally, a cluster of new practices that includes a wide range of alternative factors to improve prediction accuracies were uncovered. Study findings revealed a paradigm shift regarding the use of non-traditional data sources, especially big data, and novel techniques.
Level of Income and the Investment Development Path Theory: Evidence From Africa
Authors: Djokoto Justice G. , Pomeyie Paragon
Published: November 2021

The investment development path theory delineates countries in stages I, II, III, IV, and V according to the level of development as developing, transition, and developed countries. The World Bank’s classification of countries by income, however, identifies countries as lower-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high income. In this paper, we test the investment development path theory for countries based on the level of income using data from 1980 to 2019. Africa offers unique data as it is the only continent made up of entirely developing countries together with countries that fit into all four classifications based on income. Income level classifications appear to enhance the position of countries within the investment development path ahead of that based on the United Nations classification. The use of income classification should complement that of the United Nations in the empirical testing of the investment development path theory for a more current investment development path status.
Predicting Chinese University Students’ E-Learning Acceptance and Self-Regulation in Online English Courses: Evidence From Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) During COVID-19
Authors: Zhou Sijing , Zhou Yu , Zhu Huiling
Published: November 2021

A growing concern for online course learning is to what extent learners are concentrated and self-regulated when they are isolated from their classmates and instructors. To address this issue, this study collected both quantitative and qualitative data from a sample of 580 Chinese university learners from varied majors, who were taking online English courses in Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) mode during COVID-19. This study identified specific psychological and contextual factors that impact learners’ e-learning acceptance and online self-regulation, based upon Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Learners’ actual use of three sub-processes of self-regulated strategies, namely, goal setting, task strategies, and self-evaluation was also examined. Partial least squares (PLS)-structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used to test hypotheses and proposed research model. The quantitative results indicate that media richness, as a contextual factor, and social presence and flow, as two typical psychological factors, are determining antecedents that impact Chinese learners’ e-learning acceptance. Meanwhile, quantitative findings show that learners’ behavioral intention to use e-learning is a main contributor of their use of all three sub-processes of self-regulated learning strategies. Furthermore, thematic analysis was conducted to study the qualitative data, revealing that learners held rather divided and mixed perceptions regarding online learning experience. These findings have important implications for effective online English course design and implementation.
Enhance Volunteering Education Through Overseas Volunteer Service
Authors: Chuan Chen Fei , Hwan Shyr Yi
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to determine how the learning stimulation and intrinsic motivation of students affect their culture sharing in volunteering via general altruism and intention. Stratified random sampling was used, and 850 invitation questionnaires were sent to participants, of whom 264 returned valid questionnaires (return rate, 31.06%), which were analyzed with the partial least squares method. It was found that students’ intrinsic motivation for overseas volunteering increases their understanding of global issues. Thus, schools or organizations should develop a mechanism for volunteering students to interact with others within a professional virtual community in order to enhance their volunteering experience and inspire their continuous learning from overseas volunteering.
Testicular Torsion in Patients With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Shields Lisa B. E. , Daniels Michael W. , Peppas Dennis S. , Rosenberg Eran
Published: November 2021

Patients with intellectual/developmental disabilities are at risk of delayed diagnosis of testicular torsion due to their inability to effectively communicate their symptoms. We identified males ages 1 to 18 years with testicular torsion between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020, focusing on patients with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities. Of the 140 patients with testicular torsion, 5 (3.6%) patients exhibited intellectual/developmental disabilities with an inability to effectively verbalize testicular/groin/scrotal pain. The patients with intellectual/developmental disabilities underwent more orchiectomies (5/5, 100%, P = .009) and had a longer duration of symptoms (median = 48 hours, P = .047) compared to those without intellectual/developmental disabilities (51/135, 38% and median = 9 hours, respectively) (51/134, 38%) ( P = .038). Parents and other caregivers of males with intellectual/developmental disabilities who are unable to adequately verbalize their testicular/groin/scrotal pain should be cognizant of the signs and symptoms associated with testicular torsion, perform a genitalia examination, and seek an immediate evaluation to diagnose and treat this urgent condition.