bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity of Single Vaccination of Ad26.RSV.preF‐Based Regimen in Japanese Adults Aged 60 Years and Older
Authors: Eto Takashi , Okubo Yusuke , Momose Atsushi , Tamura Hiroshi , Zheng Richuan , Callendret Benoit , Bastian Arangassery Rosemary , Comeaux Christy A.
Published: June 2024

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is increasingly recognized as a significant cause of lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) in older adults. The Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine demonstrated protective efficacy against RSV related LRTD in a Phase 2b study in the United States. Hence, Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine candidate was evaluated in the Japanese older adult population.

Methods

This Phase 1 study evaluated safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine at dose level of 1 × 1011 vp/150 μg in Japanese healthy adult aged ≥60 years. The study included a screening Phase, vaccination, 28‐day follow up Phase, a 182‐day follow‐up period, and final visit on Day 183. A total of 36 participants were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine (n = 24) or placebo (n = 12). After study intervention administration, the safety and immunogenicity analysis were performed as per planned schedule. Immune responses including virus‐neutralizing and preF‐specific binding antibodies were measured on Days 1, 15, 29, and 183.

Results

There were no deaths, SAEs, or AEs leading to discontinuation reported during the study. The Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine had acceptable safety and tolerability profile with no safety concern in Japanese older adults. The Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine induced RSV‐specific humoral immunity, with increase in antibody titers on Days 15 and 29 compared with baseline which was well maintained until Day 183.

Conclusions

A single dose of Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile and induced RSV‐specific humoral immunity in Japanese healthy adults.

Trial Registration

NCT number: NCT04354480; Clinical Registry number: CR108768.
Status of home blood pressure measurement in treated hypertensive patients. Results of a survey from two cities in Korea
Authors: Lee Kyung‐ju , Rhee Moo‐Yong
Published: June 2024

Knowledge of the status of real‐world home blood pressure (BP) measurements is crucial for establishing policies promoting hypertension treatment through home BP monitoring. However, only a few studies have investigated the status of home BP measurements in real‐world settings. This study investigated the practice of Korean patients in measuring BP at home. This study recruited participants aged ≥20 years who were taking antihypertensives and conducted a questionnaire‐based survey on home BP measurements. Of 701 participants recruited between August 2018 and April 2020, 673 were included in the analysis. Of these, 359 (53.3%) possessed home BP measurement devices. The devices used by 184 (51.3%) participants were validated, 110 (30.6%) were nonvalidated, and 65 (18.1%) had an unknown validation status. Only 18 patients (5.0%) with home BP devices were aware of the validation tests for home BP measurement devices. Of the 673 participants, 278 (41.3%) measured BP at home (77.4% of the patients owned home BP measurement devices). Among them, at least 74 (26.6%) performed proper measurements (at least once a month, at least twice a day or twice at a time, after at least 1 minute of rest, with at least a 1‐min interval between each measurement, and 30 min after drinking coffee, exercising, or smoking). In conclusion, our community‐based survey in the nonpresentive Korean population revealed a low rate of home BP measurement, a high rate of using nonvalidated devices, and a high rate of inappropriate measurements, suggesting that more efforts toward patient education regarding home BP measurements are needed.
Development of an e‐learning program for biofeedback in pelvic floor muscle training for adult women using self‐performed ultrasound: An observational study
Authors: Muta Miyako , Takahashi Toshiaki , Tamai Nao , Sanada Hiromi , Nakagami Gojiro
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for urinary incontinence (UI) is recommended in combination with biofeedback to visualize pelvic floor muscles. The focus is on non‐invasive hand‐held ultrasound (US) measurement methods for PFMT, which can be performed at home. Recently, self‐performed US measurements in which the patient applies the US to themself have gradually spreading. This study aimed to develop an educational program for the biofeedback method using self‐performed US and to evaluate its feasibility.

Methods

This study was an observational study. The ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) was utilized to create an e‐learning program for women aged ≥40 years with UI. Participants self‐performed bladder US via e‐learning, using a hand‐held US device with a convex probe. The primary outcome was the number of times the bladder area was successfully extracted using an existing automatic bladder area extraction system. The secondary outcome was the total score of the technical evaluation of the self‐performed US, which was evaluated across three proficiency levels. Descriptive statistics were conducted for participant characteristics, presenting categorical variables as percentages and continuous variables as means ± SD.

Results

We included 11 participants with a mean age of 56.2 years. Nine participants were able to record US videos, and two were unable to record bladder videos. Regarding the technical evaluation scores, all participants scored ≥80%; four had perfect scores.

Conclusions

This study showed that transabdominal self‐performed bladder US can be performed in 81.8% of women with UI in their 40–60s by using an e‐learning program.
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from abdominal wall endometriosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Deng Panxia , Weng Chongrong , Xu Jian , Nie Huilong
Published: June 2024

Endometriosis, affecting 6%–10% of women of reproductive age, can lead to severe symptoms such as chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Among its rarer manifestations is abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE), which has been increasingly reported following cesarean deliveries. This case discusses a 39‐year‐old woman who presented with a 13‐year history of cyclical pain at her cesarean section scar, exacerbated over the last year by the development of a painful abdominal mass. Medical evaluations indicated endometriosis at the scar, with further investigations including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showing involvement of the rectus abdominis muscle. Elevated tumor markers HE4 and CA‐125, along with a biopsy, confirmed adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent extensive surgical treatment, including the resection of the mass, hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, and lymphadenectomy. Pathology confirmed moderately differentiated infiltrative adenocarcinoma originating from endometriosis. Despite the absence of postoperative chemotherapy, the patient showed no recurrence, emphasizing the effectiveness of comprehensive surgical management. This case highlights the critical importance of recognizing the potential for malignant transformation in AWE, particularly following cesarean deliveries, and underscores the necessity for vigilant monitoring and personalized treatment strategies. The management of AWE, especially when malignant transformation is suspected, necessitates a multidisciplinary approach similar to that used in ovarian cancer, focusing on rigorous surgical intervention and the potential for adjuvant therapies.
Status and trends in United States terrestrial mammal research since 1900
Authors: Readyhough Taylor S. , Butler Andrew R. , Stephens Ryan B. , Hall Lily M. , Heit David R. , Poisson Mairi K.P. , Moll Remington J.
Published: June 2024

In the face of the growing global biodiversity crisis, we must critically examine factors driving patterns in research to identify knowledge gaps, guide future funding and inform conservation policies and actions.

In this article, we reviewed the literature on terrestrial mammals in the contiguous United States to evaluate which factors influence the number of publications for over 300 species and to identify trends in publication rates during the past 50 years.

We expected larger body mass, broader geographic range, more years since a species was described, and higher relative abundance to correspond with an increase in the number of publications about a species, and that conservation status and taxonomic order would also affect the number of publications.

We found that publications focussed on species that were larger, widespread, described longer ago and at a higher relative abundance. There were no clear trends in research due to a species conservation status, and research effort was not consistent among orders over time.

We advocate for changes in requirements for professional advancement, shifts in the publication process and focus, and novel allocations of research funding.
Dark Durkheimianism: What the ethno‐symbolic approach misses
Authors: Gorski Philip
Published: June 2024

Drawing on the neo‐Durkheimian cultural sociology of Jeffrey Alexander and Anthony Smith's ethno‐symbolic approach, Schertzer and Woods argue that contemporary ‘populist’ movements in France, the US and the UK are better understood as ‘ethno‐nationalist’ movements. In this, they join a recent spate of revisionist work that emphasises the role of ethno‐nationalism and White supremacism in the historical trajectories of these supposedly ‘civic’ nations. The central weakness of this approach and of their argument is that it detaches symbolic struggles from material ones and in‐group solidarity from out‐group violence. Here, Bourdieu's theory of class‐ification struggles and the dark Durkheimianism of the mid‐20th century provides a helpful supplement.
The basic‐reproduction number of infectious diseases in spatially structured host populations
Authors: van den Bosch Frank , Helps Joe , Cunniffe Nik J.
Published: June 2024

The spatial structure of a host population has a profound effect on the dynamics of infectious diseases. The basic reproduction number, a central quantity in the study of epidemic dynamics, is affected by host clustering as well as host density. Several authors have developed methods to quantify the basic reproduction number in a spatially structured host population. The methods used and the expressions derived are however difficult to apply to real life spatial host structures. In this paper we introduce an explicit expression for the basic reproduction number using the O‐ring statistic, developed in spatial statistics, that quantifies the host density as a function of the distance from a randomly selected host individual. The O‐ring statistic is frequently used in the study of the ecology of spatially structured plant populations, being a convenient summary of the properties of a landscape by way of a single function. The connection we develop between spatial statistics and epidemic dynamics can be used to study the effect of host spatial pattern on the basic reproduction number of infectious diseases. As well as showing how explicit expressions for the basic reproduction number can be derived for landscapes with standard structures, our expression for the basic reproduction number is tested against a simulation model. The model structure in our simulation is motivated by the spread of a plant disease epidemic, although it is applicable more broadly. The agreement between our analytic expression for the basic reproduction number and the corresponding numeric quantity extracted from simulations is close to perfect across a wide range of landscape structures and model parameterisations, and including cases in which more than one species of host is at risk of infection.
Amiodarone and β‐blocker combination therapy versus β‐blocker monotherapy for ICD shock prevention: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yazdi Vahid , Moustafa Abdelmoniem , Nawras Mohamad , Yazdi Bayan , Chacko Paul
Published: June 2024

While implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) shocks are a lifesaving therapy, they can negatively affect the patient's quality of life. Amiodarone is commonly combined with β‐blockers (BB) in ICD recipients. However, this combination therapy's efficacy in preventing shocks compared to standard BB monotherapy is not well studied. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to determine if combined amiodarone and BB therapy improves prevention of ICD shock delivery compared to BB monotherapy. We performed a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases, for studies that assess the impact of amiodarone and BB versus BB monotherapy in patients with an ICD. The primary outcome was a total number of ICD shocks delivered by the end of the study period. Four studies: three retrospective studies and one randomized controlled trial (RCT), with a total of 5818 patients with ICDs, were included in the analysis. Follow‐up periods ranged from 1 to 5 years. The combined amiodarone and BB group was not associated with a significantly lower number of ICD shocks compared to the BB monotherapy group (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.44‐1.31; P = .32). A combination therapy of amiodarone and BB was not associated with any further reduction in ICD shocks, hospitalizations, or mortality. Additional RCTs are recommended to further validate our findings.
OsJRL negatively regulates rice cold tolerance via interfering phenylalanine metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis
Authors: An Zengxu , Yang Zihan , Zhou Yi , Huo Shaojie , Zhang Siyan , Wu Dianxing , Shu Xiaoli , Wang Yin
Published: June 2024

The identification of new genes involved in regulating cold tolerance in rice is urgent because low temperatures repress plant growth and reduce yields. Cold tolerance is controlled by multiple loci and involves a complex regulatory network. Here, we show that rice jacalin‐related lectin (OsJRL) modulates cold tolerance in rice. The loss of OsJRL gene functions increased phenylalanine metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis under cold stress. The OsJRL knock‐out (KO) lines had higher phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) activity and greater flavonoid accumulation than the wild‐type rice, Nipponbare (NIP), under cold stress. The leaves had lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and showed significantly enhanced cold tolerance compared to NIP. In contrast, the OsJRL overexpression (OE) lines had higher levels of ROS accumulation and showed lower cold tolerance than NIP. Additionally, the OsJRL KO lines accumulated more abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) under cold stress than NIP. The OsJRL OE lines showed increased sensitivity to ABA compared to NIP. We conclude that OsJRL negatively regulates the cold tolerance of rice via modulation of phenylalanine metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis.
Metacognition as a window into subjective affective experience
Authors: Cushing Cody A. , Lau Hakwan , Hofmann Stefan G. , LeDoux Joseph E. , Taschereau‐Dumouchel Vincent
Published: June 2024

When patients seek professional help for mental disorders, they often do so because of troubling subjective affective experiences. While these subjective states are at the center of the patient's symptomatology, scientific tools for studying them and their cognitive antecedents are limited. Here, we explore the use of concepts and analytic tools from the science of consciousness, a field of research that has faced similar challenges in having to develop robust empirical methods for addressing a phenomenon that has been considered difficult to pin down experimentally. One important strand is the operationalization of some relevant processes in terms of metacognition and confidence ratings, which can be rigorously studied in both humans and animals. By assessing subjective experience with similar approaches, we hope to develop new scientific approaches for studying affective processes and promoting psychological resilience in the face of debilitating emotional experiences.
A case of mother and child with CANDLE syndrome: Diagnosis and subsequent treatment with baricitinib
Authors: Guo William , Lozeau Daniel , Tonnesen Marcia , Schuval Susan , de Jesus Adriana , Miller Devin , Alehashemi Sara , Kristal Leonard
Published: June 2024

Chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE) or proteasome‐associated autoinflammatory syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory disorder that typically presents in infancy with characteristic symptoms, including recurrent fever, panniculitis, and progressive lipodystrophy, among other findings. We present a case of mother and child with CANDLE syndrome. The child was eventually started on baricitinib with normalization of rash and systemic findings.
An unusual case of acquired generalized lipodystrophy (panniculitis variety)
Authors: Hill Marlee , Weissman Amanda S. , Hirshburg Jason , McBride Jeffrey D. , Lawrence Hillary
Published: June 2024

Acquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGL) is a rare disease characterized by variable loss of adipose tissue and concurrent metabolic derangements, typically with childhood or adolescent onset. AGL has three subclassifications: panniculitis (type 1), autoimmune disease (type 2), and idiopathic (type 3). This report highlights a rare case of AGL type 1 in a previously healthy 3‐year‐old female who presented with diffuse erythematous subcutaneous nodules, progressive lipoatrophy, and histopathological findings of a lobular panniculitis.
Hydrocarbon‐derived thrombolites from the Outer Carpathians (Lower Cretaceous, Poland)
Authors: Giunti Stefano , Gedl Przemysław , Kędzior Artur , Marynowski Leszek , Paszkowski Mariusz , Wetzel Andreas , Bojanowski Maciej J.
Published: June 2024

Shallow marine thrombolites from a newly discovered Lower Cretaceous cold seep in the Outer Carpathians (Poland) were analysed in order to untangle the complex sedimentological and biogeochemical processes involved in their formation and their diagenetic modifications. The studied thrombolites are made of two components: (i) microcrystalline mesoclots; and (ii) spar‐filled framework cavities. These components are dominated by calcite and show a complex spatial relationship, resulting in a heterogeneous, clotted fabric. The mesoclots exhibit digitate structures, often concentrically‐laminated, and are chiefly composed of microcrystalline material with δ13C values from −34.8 to −19.4‰ PeeDee Belemnite. Biomarkers analyses show the presence of 2, 6, 10, 15, 19‐pentamethylicosane within the mesoclots. The mesoclots host <5 mm wide microtubes filled with isopachous calcite recording even lower δ13C values (from −39.0 to −20.5‰ PeeDee Belemnite). The morphology of the mesoclots relative to their internal lamination and their geochemistry indicates that their growth was linked to anaerobic oxidation of methane while the microtubes acted as conduits for hydrocarbon‐charged fluids. The framework cavities are internally lined with framboidal pyrite, and are cemented by calcite spar with relatively high δ13C (−15.1 to −7.3‰ PeeDee Belemnite) and low δ18O values (−9.3 to −4.4‰ PeeDee Belemnite). Carbonate precipitation within the framework cavities is interpreted to have been related to bacterial sulphate reduction. U‐shaped trace fossils attributed to the ichnogenus Balanoglossites cross‐cut both mesoclots and framework cavities. The mechanisms involved in the formation and diagenesis of thrombolites at cold seeps are yet to be fully understood, and this work provides new insights on these complex biogeochemical and sedimentological processes.
Alterations of bacterial community related C cycle by affecting soil carbon fractions under aged biochar application
Authors: El‐Desouki Zeinab , Li Yuxuan , Abd‐Elkader Ali M. , Riaz Muhammad , Wang Jiyuan , Babar Saba , Wang Xiangling , Xia Xiaoyang , Jiang Cuncang
Published: June 2024

Biochar is a beneficial substance for sequestering organic carbon in soil. Application of fresh biochar (FB) to the soil leads to an increase in soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the effects of aged biochar on SOC stabilization in acidic soils are unclear. A 90‐day incubation study was assessed to evaluate the impact of adding rice straw biochar on acid soil. The study aimed to assess the alterations in carbon fractions, enzyme activity and bacterial communities in soil. We used different ageing processes (water‐washed biochar [WB] and H2O2 oxidation biochar [OXB]) at a rate of 2%, with control at 0% of biochar. The results indicated that aged biochar reduced CO2 efflux and increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC), reducing the microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2). The SOC and its fractions increased with ageing relative to the FB treatment. Compared with the FB treatment, the carbon pool management index (CPMI) also increased with the OXB application. Additionally, the application of OXB stimulated the soil enzymes involved in carbon cycling, specifically β‐1,4‐glucosidase (βG), β‐1,4‐xylosidase (βX) and cellobiohydrolase (CBH) relative to the FB and WB treatments. Moreover, biochar applications improved the structure and functions of the bacterial population in soil with high acidity. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi were the most prevalent species in all treatments, as shown by their relative abundances. The redundancy analysis revealed that the DOC (dissolved organic carbon) and MBC significantly impacted on the microbial community. Furthermore, adding OXB altered the Bacterial community involved in the C cycle by affecting SOC. These findings help us learn more about how applying fresh or aged rice straw biochar changes different carbon fractions and microbial communities in soil. It may serve as an instance for studying the provision of soil organic carbon after applying biochar in acidic soil.
HLA‐DPB1 and DPA1 ~ DPB1 linkage mismatch affects the survival of recipients receiving HLA‐14/14 matched unrelated donor HSCT
Authors: Liu Shuang , Zhang Tengteng , Wu Xiaojin , Yuan Xiaoni , Zhu Wenjuan , Chen Luyao , Jiang Xue , Yang Tianjie , Li Ying , Wang Lan , Gong Yuxi , Wu Depei , Bao Xiaojing , He Jun
Published: June 2024

To analyse the effect of HLA‐DPA1 and HLA‐DPB1 allelic mismatches on the outcomes of unrelated donor haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (URD‐HSCT), we collected 258 recipients with haematological disease who underwent HLA‐10/10 matched URD‐HSCT. HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1, ‐DQB1, ‐DRB3/4/5, ‐DQA1, ‐DPA1 and ‐DPB1 typing was performed for the donors and recipients using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology. After excluding 8 cases with DQA1 or DRB3/4/5 mismatches, we included 250 cases with HLA‐14/14 matching for further analysis. Our results showed that the proportion of matched DPA1 and DPB1 alleles was only 10.4% (26/250). The remaining 89.6% of donors and recipients demonstrated DPA1 or DPB1 mismatch. In the DPA1 matched and DPB1 mismatched group, accounting for 18.8% (47/250) of the cohort, DPB1*02:01/DPB1*03:01 allelic mismatches were associated with decreased 2‐year OS and increased NRM. DPB1*02:02/DPB1*05:01 and DPB1*02:01/DPB1*05:01 mismatches showed no impact on outcomes. Moreover, the specific allelic mismatches observed were consistent with the DPB1 T‐cell epitope (TCE) classification as permissive and non‐permissive. We innovatively established an analysis method for DPA1 ~ DPB1 linkage mismatch for cases with both DPA1 and DPB1 mismatched, accounting for 70% (175/250) of the total. DPA1*02:02 ~ DPB1*05:01/DPA1*02:01 ~ DPB1*17:01 linkage mismatches were associated with lower 2‐year OS, especially among AML/MDS recipients. DPA1*02:02 ~ DPB1*05:01/DPA1*01:03 ~ DPB1*02:01 linkage mismatches showed no impact on outcomes. In conclusion, applying the DPA1 ~ DPB1 linkage mismatch analysis approach can identify different types of mismatches affecting transplant outcomes and provide valuable insight for selecting optimal donors for AML/MDS and ALL recipients.
Mapping the unseen: Dissecting property crime dynamics in urban Malaysia through spatial analysis
Authors: Ahmad Azizul , Masron Tarmiji , Junaini Syahrul Nizam , Kimura Yoshinari , Barawi Mohamad Hardyman , Jubit Norita , Redzuan Mohd Sofian , Bismelah Luqman Haqim , Ali Asykal Syakinah Mohd
Published: June 2024

Extensive research over the years has illuminated how urban land use and development intricately influence property crime dynamics. Yet, there remains a notable paucity of simultaneous explorations of spatial–temporal patterns and their correlation with urban geography. This study aims to bridge this gap by employing advanced spatial analytical techniques, providing a nuanced understanding of how property crime is distributed and how it evolves within the urban fabric of Malaysia. This research rigorously investigates the spatial–temporal patterns of property crime within the urban context of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor in Malaysia, utilizing a novel combination of mean center and standard deviational ellipse methodologies. Concentrating on the regions of Selangor, the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, and the Federal Territory of Putrajaya, the study meticulously analyzes property crime data spanning from 2015 to 2020. This analysis uncovers pivotal insights into the distribution and trends of criminal activities. The integration of these spatial analytical techniques not only facilitates the identification of prevalent hotspots and directional tendencies in property crimes but also probes into their association with urban land use and developmental patterns. The outcomes of this study shed light on the intricate interplay between the incidence of crime and urban spatial configurations, thereby yielding significant theoretical and practical ramifications. The research makes a substantial contribution to the disciplines of criminological geography and urban planning, underscoring the indispensable role of advanced spatial analysis in devising robust crime prevention mechanisms and bolstering the safety of urban environments.
Hepatitis B transmission/reactivation associated with Hepatitis B core antibody and Hepatitis C nucleic acid testing positive organs: A report from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Disease Transmission Advisory Committee
Authors: Te Helen S. , Lee Dong Heun , Woolley Ann E. , Abidi Maheen Z. , Fisher Cynthia , Sellers Marty T. , Taimur Sarah , Livelli Taylor , Watkins Tamika , Handarova Dzhuliyana , Berry Gerald J. , Graves Riki , Ho Chak‐Sum , Hughart Anna L. , Kittleson Michelle , Marboe Charles C. , Miller Rachel A. , Sharma Tanvi S. , Trindade Anil J. , Wood R. Patrick , Zaffiri Lorenzo N. , Pouch Stephanie M. , Danziger‐Isakov Lara
Published: June 2024

Background

Better access to direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy has broadened the utilization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) nucleic acid testing (NAT) positive organs with excellent outcomes. However, DAA therapy has been associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation.

Aim

To determine the risk of HBV transmission or reactivation with utilization of HBV core antibody positive (HBcAb+) and HCV NAT positive (HCV+) organs, which presumably required DAA therapy.

Methods

The number of HBcAb+ donors with delineated HCV NAT status was obtained from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) database. The number of unexpected HBV infections from transplanted organs adjudicated as “proven” or “probable” transmission was obtained from the OPTN Ad Hoc Disease Transmission Advisory Committee database. A chart review of the donors of “proven” or “probable” cases was conducted.

Results

From January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021, 7735 organs were procured from 3767 HBcAb+ donors and transplanted into 7469 recipients; 545 (14.5%) donors were also HCV+. HBV transmission or reactivation occurred in seven recipients. The rate is not significantly different between recipients of HCV+ (0.18%, 2/1115) and the HCV NAT negative (HCV‐) organs (0.08%, 5/6354) (p = 0.28) or between recipients of HCV+ and HCV‐ livers as well as non‐liver organs. HBV transmission or reactivation occurred within a median of 319 (range, 41–1117) days post‐transplant in the setting of missing, inadequate, or truncated prophylaxis.

Conclusion

HBV reactivation associated with DAA therapy for HBcAb+ HCV+ organs is less frequent than reported in the non‐transplant population, possibly due to the common use of HBV prophylaxis in the at‐risk transplant population.

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Donor‐derived infections in the United States: Opportunities to learn from the Disease Transmission Advisory Committee's experience
Authors: Danziger‐Isakov Lara , La Hoz Ricardo M , Wolfe Cameron R , Blumberg Emily A
Published: June 2024

The Disease Transmission Advisory Committee (DTAC) of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network focuses on issues related to the transmission of disease through organ transplantation. Providing a review of potential cases of transmission, translating aggregate data into actionable education and guidance for the transplant community, and providing input for policy development, DTAC aims to improve the safety of organ transplantation through a reduction in donor‐derived transmission events. Through its nearly 20‐year history, DTAC has provided education, guidance, and policy, addressed numerous emerging infections, and continuously focused on the community's understanding of risk assessment related to donor‐derived transmission. By updating the DTAC mission to both decrease transmission and safely expand the donor pool with additional guidance to safely use organs previously not considered for transplantation due to transmission concerns, the Committee's role will remain critical.
Resilient Circularity in Manufacturing: Synergies Between Circular Economy and Reconfigurable Manufacturing
Authors: Hassan Hadear , Bushagour Amira , Layton Astrid
Published: June 2024

Reconfigurability in manufacturing signifies a system's capacity to promptly adapt to evolving needs. This adaptability is critical for markets to maintain operations during unexpected disruptions, including weather anomalies, cyber-attacks, and physical obstructions. Concurrently, the concept of a circular economy is gaining popularity in manufacturing to mitigate waste and optimize resource utilization. Circular economy principles aim to reduce environmental impacts while maximizing economic benefits by emphasizing the reuse of goods and resource byproducts. The nexus between reconfigurability and the circular economy stems from their shared pursuit of sustainability and resilience. Interestingly, biological ecosystems also exhibit these traits, showcasing exceptional adaptability to disturbances alongside the ability to effectively utilize available resources during normal operations. This study explores various manufacturing system configurations to assess both their adaptability and connection to circular economy principles. Forty-four configurations are categorized based on layout (e.g., job shop, flow line, cellular) and analyzed using convertibility, cyclicity, and degree of system order metrics. A significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.655) is found between high convertibility and ecologically similar levels of structural cycling, suggesting that effective resource utilization supports adaptability in manufacturing systems. Furthermore, this paper proposes the existence of a possible “window of vitality” for cyclicity, as it demonstrates a significant correlation (R2 = 0.855) between the degree of system order and cyclicity. Identifying systems that strike a balance between redundancy, efficiency, convertibility, and cyclicity can aid manufacturing system designers and decision-makers in making choices that address increasing requirements for both sustainability and resilience.
Optimized Design and Simulation Study of Liquid-Cooled Heat Sink Model for IGBT Module Based on TPMS Structure
Authors: Wei Fuyin , Sun Xianglong , Lv Zhuopei , Cai Lixiang , Zhai Feiqi , Kong Chenyang , Shi Jianping , Zhang Hua
Published: June 2024

In this article, we propose a liquid-cooled heat sink model utilizing a triple periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure for insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules. By using parametric modeling software ntopology, we establish the following three TPMS structures: Schwarz P, Gyroid, and Diamond. Thermal simulation analysis is conducted on the radiator model using ansys fluent. The optimal structural parameters are determined to ensure effective heat dissipation while preventing excessive pump power consumption due to inappropriate inlet flowrates. Simulation results demonstrate that the liquid-cooled radiator with the TPMS structure outperforms conventional radiators in heat transfer efficiency, albeit with higher inlet and outlet pressure drops. Among the TPMS-structured radiators, the Schwarz P configuration exhibits the lowest pressure drop, approximately 20% less than the remaining two, offering superior thermal management advantages.
Recovering speech intelligibility with deep learning and multiple microphones in noisy-reverberant situations for people using cochlear implants
Authors: Gaultier Clément , Goehring Tobias
Published: June 2024

For cochlear implant (CI) listeners, holding a conversation in noisy and reverberant environments is often challenging. Deep-learning algorithms can potentially mitigate these difficulties by enhancing speech in everyday listening environments. This study compared several deep-learning algorithms with access to one, two unilateral, or six bilateral microphones that were trained to recover speech signals by jointly removing noise and reverberation. The noisy-reverberant speech and an ideal noise reduction algorithm served as lower and upper references, respectively. Objective signal metrics were compared with results from two listening tests, including 15 typical hearing listeners with CI simulations and 12 CI listeners. Large and statistically significant improvements in speech reception thresholds of 7.4 and 10.3 dB were found for the multi-microphone algorithms. For the single-microphone algorithm, there was an improvement of 2.3 dB but only for the CI listener group. The objective signal metrics correctly predicted the rank order of results for CI listeners, and there was an overall agreement for most effects and variances between results for CI simulations and CI listeners. These algorithms hold promise to improve speech intelligibility for CI listeners in environments with noise and reverberation and benefit from a boost in performance when using features extracted from multiple microphones.
In Situ Power–Cadence Relationship for 2-, 5-, and 20-Minute Duration: A Proof of Concept in Under-19 Cyclists
Authors: Bertron Yann , Bowen Maximilien , Samozino Pierre , Leo Peter , Pacot Alexandre , Quiclet Jean-Baptiste , Hintzy Frédérique , Morel Baptiste
Published: June 2024

Background: The force–velocity relationship suggests that maximal power (Pmax) can only be produced in optimal torque (Topt) and cadence (Copt). However, the cadence at which mean maximal power (MMP) is produced has never been studied. This study aimed to determine the individual MMP–cadence relationship from in situ data. Method: We analyzed 1 year of data from 14 under-19 cyclists and calculated the MMP for each cadence between 50 and 120 rpm for 2-, 5-, and 20-minute durations. The MMP–cadence relationship was fit with a second-order polynomial function. The goodness of fit (r2) and odd-day–even-day absolute and relative reliability were evaluated, respectively, for Pmax, Topt, and Copt. Results: The goodness of fit was very high for every duration studied. Topt and Pmax, but not Copt, were significantly higher for shorter durations. Pmax was significantly correlated only with Topt for the 3 durations (r2 = .63, .71, and .64 for 2, 5, and 20 min, respectively). Discussion: Evaluation of the MMP–cadence relationship from in situ data is feasible and reliable for 2-, 5-, and 20-minute durations. This profiling approach would enable better detection of the strengths and weaknesses of cyclists and make it possible to design more effective training interventions. Practical Applications: The analysis makes it possible to identify the torque versus cadence component that individually limits power production. Knowing the Copt for a given duration of maximal effort could help athletes choose the right gear ratio and regulate cadence during a race in order to maximize performance.
Unpacking Ableism: Perspectives From the Chilean Physical Education Discourse
Authors: Arroyo-Rojas Fabián
Published: June 2024

In this article, I reflect on the presence of ableism in the discourse surrounding physical education in Chile. The purpose of this article was to highlight three areas where ableism is ingrained. First, I examined historical actions within the Chilean physical education system that prioritize White ideals and able-bodied individuals. Second, I examined curriculum and evaluation recommendations that overlook the unique needs of disabled students. Finally, I critique pedagogical practices that, under the guise of inclusion, implicitly strive to meet normative levels of functionality. In conclusion, ableism intersects with colonialism in the Global South, specifically Latin America, leading to unreasonable expectations for all students, including disabled students, in the realm of physical education.
Conformation- and activation-based BRET sensors differentially report on GPCR–G protein coupling
Authors: Wright Shane C. , Avet Charlotte , Gaitonde Supriya A. , Muneta-Arrate Itziar , Le Gouill Christian , Hogue Mireille , Breton Billy , Koutsilieri Stefania , Alarcia Rebeca Diez , Héroux Madeleine , Lauschke Volker M. , Bouvier Michel
Published: June 2024

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate cellular signaling processes by coupling to diverse combinations of heterotrimeric G proteins composed of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits. Biosensors based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) have advanced our understanding of GPCR functional selectivity. Some BRET biosensors monitor ligand-induced conformational changes in the receptor or G proteins, whereas others monitor the recruitment of downstream effectors to sites of G protein activation. Here, we compared the ability of conformation-and activation-based BRET biosensors to assess the coupling of various class A and B GPCRs to specific Gα proteins in cultured cells. These GPCRs included serotonin 5-HT
2A
and 5-HT
7
receptors, the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), and the M
3
muscarinic receptor. We observed different signaling profiles between the two types of sensors, highlighting how data interpretation could be affected by the nature of the biosensor. We also found that the identity of the Gβγ subunits used in the assay could differentially influence the selectivity of a receptor toward Gα subtypes, emphasizing the importance of the receptor-Gβγ pairing in determining Gα coupling specificity. Last, the addition of epitope tags to the receptor could affect stoichiometry and coupling selectivity and yield artifactual findings. These results highlight the need for careful sensor selection and experimental design when probing GPCR–G protein coupling.
Supplemental Material: Tracking the porphyry-epithermal mineralization transition using U-Pb carbonate dating
Authors: Mottram Catherine , al. et
Published: June 2024

Table S1 contains a summary of sample textures, grain size, associated minerals, and ages. Table S2 contains U-Pb data table. Supplemental material includes S1: Sample locations; S2: Analytical methods; S3: detailed sample descriptions and U-Pb data; and S4: supplementary references for Figure 1.  
Supplemental Material: P–T evolution of metapelitic and metamafic rocks from Northern Liaoning: Implications on the Neoarchean tectonic regime of the North China Craton
Authors: Guo Minjie , Zhang Jian , al. et
Published: June 2024

This section includes additional data figures and tables that support the findings presented in the main manuscript.
Cysteamine toxicity presenting with acute encephalopathy and spastic tetraparesis
Authors: Allen Claire , Armstrong Kirsty , Game David , Kinton Lucy
Published: June 2024

Cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disorder usually presenting with renal disease in infancy. As soon as the diagnosis is made, cysteamine (a cystine-depleting medication), is started, significantly improving life expectancy. We describe a young woman taking lifelong cysteamine for nephropathic cystinosis, who became acutely encephalopathic with a spastic tetraparesis secondary to cysteamine toxicity, which was potentially worsened by copper deficiency. On replacing copper and reducing the dose of cysteamine, she made a full neurological recovery. We discuss the case, and review cystinosis and what is known about cysteamine toxicity.
Synthesis of guidance available for assessing methodological quality and grading of evidence from qualitative research to inform clinical recommendations: a systematic literature review
Authors: Sekhon Mandeep , de Thurah Annette , Fragoulis George E , Schoones Jan , Stamm Tanja A , Vliet Vlieland Theodora P M , Esbensen Bente Appel , Lempp Heidi , Bearne Lindsay , Kouloumas Marios , Pchelnikova Polina , Swinnen Thijs Willem , Blunt Chris , Ferreira Ricardo J O , Carmona Loreto , Nikiphorou Elena
Published: June 2024

Objective

To understand (1) what guidance exists to assess the methodological quality of qualitative research; (2) what methods exist to grade levels of evidence from qualitative research to inform recommendations within European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR).

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed in multiple databases including PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, COCHRANE and PsycINFO, from inception to 23 October 2020. Eligible studies included primary articles and guideline documents available in English, describing the: (1) development; (2) application of validated tools (eg, checklists); (3) guidance on assessing methodological quality of qualitative research and (4) guidance on grading levels of qualitative evidence. A narrative synthesis was conducted to identify key similarities between included studies.

Results

Of 9073 records retrieved, 51 went through to full-manuscript review, with 15 selected for inclusion. Six articles described methodological tools to assess the quality of qualitative research. The tools evaluated research design, recruitment, ethical rigour, data collection and analysis. Seven articles described one approach, focusing on four key components to determine how much confidence to place in findings from systematic reviews of qualitative research. Two articles focused on grading levels of clinical recommendations based on qualitative evidence; one described a qualitative evidence hierarchy, and another a research pyramid.

Conclusion

There is a lack of consensus on the use of tools, checklists and approaches suitable for appraising the methodological quality of qualitative research and the grading of qualitative evidence to inform clinical practice. This work is expected to facilitate the inclusion of qualitative evidence in the process of developing recommendations at EULAR level.
Investigation of the effect of geometric irregularities on capacity of traffic circles by using partial least squares regression method
Authors: Özinal Avşar Yağmur , Yıldırım Zeynel Baran , Politi Ruti R. , Tanyel Serhan
Published: June 2024

This paper examined the impact of geometric irregularities on the intersection capacity at traffic circles. A new empirical capacity relation was proposed to predict the capacity of the traffic circles as a function of geometric elements, exit and circulating flows. Within this scope, first, the relationship between the vehicles entering from the minor approach and the circulating flow from the turning movement in the traffic circle was examined based on the K-Means cluster analysis method. The analysis was created in accordance with an exponential relationship between entry and circulating flow. Second, two clusters were selected by the partial least squares regression method to improve the model’s effectiveness. Lastly, to validate the model, “leave-one-out” cross-validation was used to select the components that maximize the model’s predictive ability. The results show that geometric parameters of a traffic circle create different effects on capacity, especially in different circulating flow conditions.
Remarks on generalized Calabi–Gray manifolds
Authors: Fei Teng
Published: June 2024

Generalized Calabi–Gray manifolds are non-Kähler complex manifolds with very explicit geometry yet not being homogeneous. In this note, we demonstrate how generalized Calabi–Gray manifolds can be used to answer some questions in non-Kähler geometry.
The general minimal Orlicz surface area for measures
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Dai Jin , Li Wan
Published: June 2024

Petty proved that a convex body in [Formula: see text] has the minimal surface area among its [Formula: see text] images if and only if its surface area measure is isotropic. In this paper, we seek the general minimal Orlicz surface area of a convex body containing the origin in its interior among its [Formula: see text] images for a measure [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] with density that has a positive degree of homogeneous, demonstrate the existence of the extreme body, and establish a necessary condition for the extreme body. Moreover, we also provide a counterexample to negate the uniqueness of the extreme body attaining the general minimal Orlicz surface area for [Formula: see text].
Teleparallel Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity
Authors: Böhmer Christian G. , Ferraro Rafael , Fiorini Franco
Published: June 2024

We introduce a new class of two-dimensional gravity models using ideas motivated by the Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity. This leads to a rather natural formulation of a theory that has close links with Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity. After introducing the theory and discussing its vacuum solutions, we present the Hamiltonian analysis. This implies the presence of a single dynamical degree of freedom, which is in sharp contrast to General Relativity, where there are no degrees of freedom in two spacetime dimensions. Our approach can be extended to various other lower-dimensional gravity theories and thus could be of wider interest.
Investigation of the Penetration Capability of Exponential Bullets into Two Typical TPMS Lattice Structures
Authors: Hao Bo , Jiang Qi , Zhang Ziwen , Lu Yuangen
Published: June 2024

The TPMS lattice structure is widely utilized in the military UAV, and effectively striking the TPMS structure holds significant reference value in bullet design. This paper conducts a numerical simulation to study the penetration performance of exponential curve bullets with varying power exponents on the TPMS structures of Gyroid and Diamond. MATLAB is employed to design the TPMS lattice structure, and ABAQUS is used for numerical simulation. The results indicate that the velocity reduction rate of the bullet initially increases and then decreases with an increase in power exponent. Moreover, a larger power exponent leads to a smaller residual velocity and kinetic energy of the bullet. Different cell structures have a substantial impact on residual kinetic energy, with the Gyroid structure exhibiting significantly greater residual kinetic energy compared to the Diamond structure, resulting in an average kinetic energy difference of 15.429[Formula: see text]J. The research shows that the curve of the arc part of the warhead has a great influence on the penetration performance. When designing the bullet used to hit the military UAV, the warhead with a large curvature change within a certain range can be considered.