Revolutionizing Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review of IoT Farming
Technologies
Authors: Baranitharan Balakrishnan , Prabhkar G. , Chandran Karthik , vairavel Dinesh kumar , Murugesan Rajalakshmi , Gheisari Mehdi 
Published: September 2024

IoT technology has triggered a revolutionary transformation across various industries, with agriculture being no exception. Smart farming, the integration of IoT in farming, has
led to a complete overhaul of traditional agricultural practices by seamlessly combining sensor
networks, data analytics, and automation. This comprehensive review aims to explore the diverse contributions of IoT in agriculture, synthesising insights from a wide range of research
papers. The analysis delves into the multifaceted applications of IoT in farming, assessing its
profound impact on productivity, resource management, environmental sustainability, and the
challenges faced during implementation. By merging advanced sensor networks with data analytics, IoT in agriculture has given rise to intelligent farming practices, empowering farmers to
make data-driven decisions and optimize their operations. Utilizing sensors to monitor soil
moisture, temperature, and nutrient levels, along with advanced analytics, allows farmers to
make real-time adjustments, thus maximizing crop yield and quality. Resource management
has also been greatly affected by IoT in agriculture. The adoption of precision agriculture techniques enables farmers to precisely administer water, fertilizers, and pesticides, minimizing
wastage and reducing the environmental footprint of conventional agricultural practices. Efficient resource use enhances agricultural sustainability and contributes to cost reduction and increased profitability for farmers. Moreover, the integration of IoT technology in agriculture
holds great promise for fostering environmental sustainability. Farmers can proactively detect
early signs of pest infestations or diseases by deploying IoT-based monitoring systems, facilitating timely intervention and reducing the need for excessive chemical treatments. This environmentally friendly approach helps preserve biodiversity, minimize soil and water pollution,
and promote eco-conscious agricultural practices. Despite the numerous advantages, IoT implementation in agriculture does pose particular challenges. Connectivity issues, data security
and privacy concerns, and the initial high costs of IoT deployment are among the primary obstacles faced by farmers. Addressing these challenges requires collaboration among stakeholders, including researchers, policymakers, and technology providers, to develop sustainable solutions that can facilitate the broader adoption of IoT in agriculture. In conclusion, this review
paper sheds light on the immense potential of IoT technology in transforming the agricultural
landscape. Smart farming, through IoT integration, paves the way toward sustainable food production, increased productivity, and efficient resource management. However, overcoming the
challenges and ensuring seamless IoT integration is vital to fully harnessing this groundbreaking technology's benefits in agricultureIoT technology has triggered a revolutionary transformation across various industries, with agriculture being no exception. Smart farming, the integration of IoT in farming, has
led to a complete overhaul of traditional agricultural practices by seamlessly combining sensor
networks, data analytics, and automation. This comprehensive review aims to explore the diverse contributions of IoT in agriculture, synthesising insights from a wide range of research
papers. The analysis delves into the multifaceted applications of IoT in farming, assessing its
profound impact on productivity, resource management, environmental sustainability, and the
challenges faced during implementation. By merging advanced sensor networks with data analytics, IoT in agriculture has given rise to intelligent farming practices, empowering farmers to
make data-driven decisions and optimize their operations. Utilizing sensors to monitor soil
moisture, temperature, and nutrient levels, along with advanced analytics, allows farmers to
make real-time adjustments, thus maximizing crop yield and quality. Resource management
has also been greatly affected by IoT in agriculture. The adoption of precision agriculture techniques enables farmers to precisely administer water, fertilizers, and pesticides, minimizing
wastage and reducing the environmental footprint of conventional agricultural practices. Efficient resource use enhances agricultural sustainability and contributes to cost reduction and increased profitability for farmers. Moreover, the integration of IoT technology in agriculture
holds great promise for fostering environmental sustainability. Farmers can proactively detect
early signs of pest infestations or diseases by deploying IoT-based monitoring systems, facilitating timely intervention and reducing the need for excessive chemical treatments. This environmentally friendly approach helps preserve biodiversity, minimize soil and water pollution,
and promote eco-conscious agricultural practices. Despite the numerous advantages, IoT implementation in agriculture does pose particular challenges. Connectivity issues, data security
and privacy concerns, and the initial high costs of IoT deployment are among the primary obstacles faced by farmers. Addressing these challenges requires collaboration among stakeholders, including researchers, policymakers, and technology providers, to develop sustainable solutions that can facilitate the broader adoption of IoT in agriculture. In conclusion, this review
paper sheds light on the immense potential of IoT technology in transforming the agricultural
landscape. Smart farming, through IoT integration, paves the way toward sustainable food production, increased productivity, and efficient resource management. However, overcoming the
challenges and ensuring seamless IoT integration is vital to fully harnessing this groundbreaking technology's benefits in agriculture