bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservation Agriculture versus Conventional Agriculture: The Influence of Agriculture System, Fertilization and Plant Protection on Wheat Yield
Authors: GRIGORAS Mircea Adrian , POPESCU Agatha , PAMFIL Doru , HAS Ioan , GIDEA Mihai
Published: March 2018

The paper aimed at making a comparison between conservation agriculture and conventional agriculture on wheat yield, in a three crop rotation (wheat, maize and soybean) system. A three factorial experiment based on the split-plot model and variance analysis was set in the Transylvania area of Romania, as follows: A factor-agriculture system: A1-tillage, A2-no-tillage, B factor-fertilization: B1-N40P40 kg/ha. B2-N40P40 kg/ha+N50P30 kg/ha; C factor- treatments: C1-4 treatments, C2-3 treatments, C3-2 treatments at heading, C4-2 treatments at blooming. Fertilization applied in its B2 variant in conservation agriculture brought 460 kg/ha production gain, significantly and statistically ensured. Under conservation agriculture, two treatments applied at blooming determined 318 kg/ha production gain, statistically and significantly covered. The interaction fertilization-treatments produced the highest wheat yield 5001 kg/ha in case of the B2C3 variant, in conventional agriculture, and 5272 kg for the same variant in conservation agriculture, the difference of 953 kg compared to the central variant B1C1 being statistically ensured. Under the conditions of Transylvania, farmers could adopt conservation agriculture as a solution for increasing wheat production, reducing the number of treatments and applying more fertilizer upon blooming. The advantage of the implementation of such a system resides in its beneficial effect on soil structure, water reserve and biodiversity, as well.
Drought Resistance and Mitotic Instability of Tritipyrum Compared with Triticale and Bread Wheat
Authors: SHAHRIARI Zolfaghar , ASSAD Mohammad Taghi , HASANI Hosein Shahsavand
Published: March 2018

This study presents the first data on the drought resistance pattern of seven new synthetic 6x primary Tritipyrum amphiploid linesand evaluates their mitotic instability. The primary Tritipyrum lines were crossed with Iranian 6x bread wheat â€˜Navidâ€™ cultivar and theirF1 and F2 progenies were obtained. Two experiments with complete randomized design were conducted under optimum and limitedwater conditions to evaluate Tritipyrum-derived genotypes for drought resistance in greenhouse. Under optimum water conditions,grain yield, numbers of grains per spike and harvest index of Tritipyrum-derived genotypes were significantly lower than bread wheat;however the differences were not significant under limited water conditions. These results showed the better responses of Tritipyrumderivedgenotypes to drought conditions. Evaluation of leaf osmotic and water potentials and drought susceptibility index showedthat drought resistance of Tritipyrum and F1 genotypes was significantly higher than that of bread wheat and Triticale. Cytologicalinvestigations showed that Tritipyrum-derived genotypes aneuploidy was significantly higher than Triticale and bread wheat (p<0.05).Mitotic instability in light grains (1000-grains weight < 30 gr) was significantly higher than heavy grains (1000-grains weight > 30 gr) inparental and F2 genotypes (p<0.01). Aneuploidy has showed a significant negative correlation with fertility, grain yield and 1000-grainsweight in Tritipyrum genotypes. In general, Tritipyrum may complement the role of bread wheat in arid and semi-arid regions; butfurther breeding research is needed to overcome its mitotic instability.
Ancient Greek Illustrated Dioscoridean Herbals: Origins and Impact of the Juliana Anicia Codex and the Codex Neopolitanus
Authors: JANICK Jules , STOLARCZYK John
Published: March 2018

The pharmacopeia of Pedanius Dioscorides (20-70 ce), entitled Peri Ylis Ialikis (latinized as De Materia Medica, On Medical Matters)was written in Greek about the year 65. It was destined to be one of the most famous books on pharmacology and medicine but is also richin horticulture and plant ecology. An illustrated alphabetical version of Dioscoridesâ€™ manuscript was completed in Constantinople about 512. This magnificent volume was prepared and presented to the imperial Princess Juliana Anicia (462-527), daughter of the Emperor Anicius Olybrius, Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The bound manuscript stored in ÅŒsterreichische National bibliothek in Vienna is available in facsimile and is now referred to as the Juliana Anicia Codex (JAC) or the Codex Vindobonensis Dioscorides. The JAC contains 383 paintings of plants including many horticultural crops, many of which can still be recognized in modern day examples. Ananalys is of the illustrations indicates that they were made by numerous artists of varying skills and it is probable that some were derived from an earlier lost version. The Codex Neapolitanus (NAP) (late 6th or early 7th century) which now contains 406 plant images on 172folios resides in the Biblioteca Nazionale, Naples is closely related to JAC, and is also available in facsimile editions. A comparison ofthe 352 common illustrations contained in both NAP and JAC suggests that many of the illustrations derived from a common source,perhaps an illustrated collection owned by Theodosius II, but the possibility also exists that some of the NAP images are direct copies of JAC images. There are 31 images in JAC which do not appear in NAP, 1 is a 13th century addition, 4 are images that can be assigned to2 torn pages. and 26 can be assigned to 11 missing leaves of the NAP. Of the 54 images in NAP which do not appear in JAC, 2 are likely to have been Mandragora included in lost folios in JAC, but the other 52 may include other images that existed in the common source. While common images in NAP and JAC are often very similar, 11.6% show substantially differences including variants of the same plant in different stages. Additional images in the archetypic source including different stages of the same plant could have provided the copyists working on JAC and NAP the opportunity to select different images to fulfill their commissions.
Biological and Chemical Phosphorus Fertilizers Effect on Yield and P Accumulation in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: MADANI Hamid , MALBOOBI Mohammad Ali , BAKHSHKELARESTAGHI Kioomars , STOKLOSA Agnieszka
Published: March 2018

A field experiment was conducted for investigation of different phosphorus fertilizer sources and their importance in rapeseed farms on 2007 at Arak, Iran. Ammonium phosphate fertilizer with 50% P2O5 (APF) was as chemical phosphorus sources with 3 rates of application and Phosphor solublizing bacteria (PSB) was as biological phosphorus surcease in 4 levels. Experiment was factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. APF levels were control (AP0), 125kg/ha APF (AP1) and 250kg/ha (AP2) application and PSB levels were, control (PSB0), PSB at sowing time only (PSB1), PSB as top dress fertilizer after over wintering only (PSB2) and PSB at dual fertilizing in sowing time and also after over wintering (PSB3). The statistical analyses were showed that the PSB3 treatment was a great treatment for increasing seed yield. The heist rate of seed yield was recorded at 9.9t/ha under dual fertilizing in sowing time and after rosette over wintering stage. The interaction effects of phosphorus solublizing bacteria and ammonium phosphate fertilizer application had not significant effect on plant height, biomass yield, number of silique per plant, seed oil percent and seed yield. Interaction effects of phosphorus solublizing bacteria and ammonium phosphate fertilizer application were significant for plant tissues phosphorus content.
Ecological Ordination and Distribution of Hygrophilous Species Growing on a Mediterranean Riverbank (SW Spain)
Authors: GOMEZ MERCADO Francisco , GIMENEZ LUQUE Esther , LOPEZ CARRIQUE Enrique , DE HARO LOZANO Sergio , DEL MORAL TORRES Fernando
Published: March 2018

The Guadiamar riverbanks are home to riparian plant communities, such as alder, poplar and ash forests, tamujares, salt marshes,reed beds, etc. characteristic of Mediterranean rivers. A data set of these communities, including floristic relevÃ©s and environmentalvariables (physical and chemical soil properties, bioclimate) was analysed to correlate their floristic composition/species distributionwith environmental variables. By means of an RDA (redundancy analysis) and a complementary cluster analysis four groups of specieswere discriminated according to their ecological requirements. The RDA displayed three major, parallel-running gradients (i.e., textural,bioclimatic and chemical) in environmental variables. Other less conspicuous, crossed gradients revealed the impact of man-madealterations, particularly in the middle reaches of the river. The results can be helpful in the planning of future ecologically orientedrestoration programmes of wetlands.
Variation in Seed and Seedling Traits among Fifteen Chinese Provenances of Magnolia officinalis
Authors: SHU Xiao , YANG Xu , YANG Zhiling
Published: March 2018

Magnolia officinalis seeds were collected from 15 different provenances, ranging from 336 to 1387 m in China. The main objective of this study was to identify germplasm resources of M. officinalis by test seed traits, seed germination, seedling traits, and seedling growth rate. There are significant differences among provenances in all studied attributes except relative growth rate and the net assimilation rate. Seed weight exhibited maximum variation among provenances in seed morphometric traits with a significant positive correlation in terms of average annual temperature and average annual rainfall, and negative correlation with latitude of seed origin. Overall average seed germination in nursery was 59.4% varying from 26.6% to 91.2%. Seedling height decreased by geographical latitude gradually from south to north, while stem diameter declines from east to west. That means the geographic variation of the plant at the seedling stage manifests a two-way variation with the latitude and longitude. Seed of Longsheng, Yangxian, Jingning, Wuyishan, Kaixian and Ningqiang provenance have been identified suitable to produce quality seedlings. It can be concluded that the observed patterns of variation will have implications for genetic resources conservation and tree improvement.
Graft-take Success in Walnut Under Controlled Conditions and Plant Development in the Nursery
Authors: PAUNOVIC Svetlana M. , MILETIC Rade , MITROVIC Milisav , JANKOVIC Dragan
Published: March 2018

The production of walnut nursery plants is a complex process, being dependent upon a range of factors that affect graft-take success and behaviour of walnut plants in the nursery. The experiment included two parts. Three different treatments were used in the heated room under controlled air temperature and humidity conditions: Treatment 1-grafting without paraffin treatment of the scion and graft union, coupled with covering the graft with sawdust up to the top of the scion; Treatment 2-grafting involving paraffin treatment of the scion and graft union, coupled with covering the graft with sawdust up to the top of the scion; and Treatment 3-grafting involving paraffin treatment of the scion and graft union, coupled with covering the graft with both sawdust up to the top of the scion and polyethylene foil. The treatments were evaluated for their effect on graft-take success. Graft planting in the nursery was followed by two treatments: treatment without foliar fertilisation and treatment with foliar fertilisation. Under controlled conditions, treatment 3 induced a higher graft-take success as compared to the other two treatments, whereas foliar fertilisation in the nursery had a positive effect on the survival, production of class 1 plants and vegetative growth of walnut plants.
An Analysis of the Distribution of Seed Size: A Case Study of the Gymnosperms
Authors: JANTSCHI Lorentz , SOBOLU Rodica C. , BOLBOACÄ‚ Sorana D.
Published: March 2018

Seed morphology is one of the most addressed issues in seeding plants studies due to its importance in the propagation of seeding plants, which can be related to the influence of the environment of the genetic structure in plant populations. A distribution analysis was conducted on extreme values (minimum and maximum) of seed width and length for gymnosperms spread within the Carpathian Mountains region. Combining the probabilities from independent tests successfully limited the best-fit distribution to a small number of distribution laws. Analyses revealed that the extreme values of investigated seed width and length best fit a log-logistic distribution or one of its generalised forms. The left-weighting of the distribution (to small sizes) revealed a better adaptation of small-sized seeding species. The extreme values of seed dimensions could be used to predict the dimension of a random observation, while the composition of the seeds, which is related to dimension, could provide phylogenetic information.
The Effect of Tillage System and Rimsulfuron Application on Weed Flora, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Root Colonization and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: BILALIS Dimitrios , TRIANTAFYLLIDIS Vassilios , KARKANIS Anestis , EFTHIMIADOU Aspasia , KAKABOUKI Ioanna
Published: March 2018

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of tillage system and rimsulfuron application on weed flora and growth of maize (Zea mays L. Mitic F1) at a site with no history of pesticide use for the last 5 years. A randomized complete block design was employed with three replicates per treatment (conventional tillage without rimsulfuron application (control), no-tillage with rimsulfuron application (NT+Rim) and conventional tillage with rimsulfuron application (CT+Rim)). The lowest leaf area index, dry weight and yield of maize were recorded in NT+Rim plots. In addition, the highest soil bulk density was determined in NT+Rim plots. Moreover, the rimsulfuron application resulted in significant reduction in the root growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization. The lowest root biomass, root length density, root surface and AM root colonization was found in CT+Rim plots. The lowest weed number and biomass was also observed at CT+Rim plots. Sustainability yield index (SYI) shown that the maize crop is more stable under conventional tillage compared with no-tillage. Our results indicated that root growth was reduced significant by rimsulfuron application but statistically significant lower maize yield was obtained in no-tillage system.
Mitigation of Salt Stress-Induced Inhibition of Plantago crassifolia Reproductive Development by Supplemental Calcium or Magnesium
Authors: GRIGORE Marius N. , BOSCAIU Monica , LLINARES Josep , VICENTE Oscar
Published: March 2018

In Plantago crassifolia, a moderate halophyte characteristic of borders of salt marshes in the Mediterranean region, reproductivedevelopment is more sensitive to high soil salinity than vegetative growth. To investigate the possible role of calcium and magnesiumsalts in the responses of this species to salt stress, adult plants were submitted over a 2-month period to treatments with 300 mMNaCl-a concentration which affects, but does not completely inhibit seed formation in P. crassifolia-either alone or combined with lowconcentrations of CaCl2 (10 mM) or MgCl2 (20 mM). The NaCl treatment did not affect plant vegetative growth and had a stimulatingeffect on flowering. Yet almost half the spikes produced had aborted seeds, and the effect on seed number and quality-estimated bytheir mean weight and germination capacity-was obviously deleterious. Addition of calcium or magnesium chloride during the saltstresstreatment completely counteracted the negative effect of NaCl on the â€˜reproductive successâ€™ of the plants: the number, weightand germination frequency of the seeds were similar to that in the control, non-stressed plants. These results indicate that both divalentcations can suppress or mitigate the deleterious effects of salt stress. While this protective role is well established in the case of calcium,we provide here the first experimental evidence of a similar function for magnesium.
In vitro Regeneration of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. and the Potential for Genetic Transformation
Authors: REHMAN Hafiz Mamoon , RANA Iqrar Ahmad , IJAZ Siddra , MUSTAFA Ghulam , JOYIA Faiz Ahmad , KHAN Iqrar Ahmad , PIJUT Paula M.
Published: March 2018

Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. (Sissoo) is a native forest tree species in Pakistan. Many ecological and economical uses are associated with this premier timber species, but dieback disease is of major concern. The objective of this study was to develop a protocol for in vitro regeneration of Sissoo that could serve as target material for genetic transformation, in order to improve this species. Callus formation and plantlet regeneration was achieved by culturing cotyledons, immature seeds, and mature embryos on a modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium supplemented with plant growth regulators. Callus induction medium containing 2.71 ?M 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.93 ?M kinetin produced better callus on all explants tested compared to other treatments, such as 8.88 ?M 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 2.69 ?M ?-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), or 2.71 ?M 2, 4-D and 2.69 ?M NAA. Shoot regeneration was best on MS medium containing 1.4 ?M NAA and 8.88 ?M BA compared to other treatments, such as 1.4 ?M NAA and 9.9 ?M kinetin, or 2.86 ?M indole-3-acetic acid and 8.88 ?M BA. Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1.4 NAA ?M and 8.88 ?M BA was better in general for regeneration regardless of callus induction medium and the type of explant used. Rooting was best on half-strength MS medium with 7.35 ?M indole-3-butyric acid. Regenerated plantlets were acclimatized for plantation in the field. Preliminary genetic transformation potential of D. sissoo was evaluated by particle bombardment of callus explants with a pUbiGus vector. The bombarded tissue showed transient Gus activity 1week after bombardment. Transformation of this woody tree is possible provided excellent regeneration protocols. The best combination for regeneration explained in this study is one of such protocols.
Seasonal Variation of Essential Oil Yield and Composition of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Grown in Castilla - La Mancha (Central Spain)
Authors: ARRAIZA Maria P. , ARRABAL Carlos , LOPEZ Jose V.
Published: March 2018

Links between phenology, yield and composition of the essential oil of common sage, Salvia officinalis L., grown in Guadalajara (Central Spain) were determined in the different phases of the biological cycle during one year. Data showed an average yield about 1.0%. The analysis of the oil components was carried out by GC-FID and GC/MS. The main oil constituent was alpha thujone (40.1-46.5%). Other identified compounds are beta pinene (2.6-4.5%), cineole (3.5-8.7%), beta thujone (4.1-5.6%), camphor (4.1-8.0%), borneol (1.3-3.7%), alpha humulene (3.8-7.3%), viridiflorol (3.4-12.6%) and manool (0.1-4.5%). The highest yield of oil was obtained in the period of full flowering and the highest concentration of alpha thujone in the period of initial flowering.
Genetic Stability of In vitro Multiplied Phalaenopsis gigantea Protocorm-like Bodies as Affected by Chitosan
Authors: SAMARFARD Samira , KADIR Mihdzar A. , KADZIMIN Saleh B. , RAVANFAR Seyedali , SAUD Halimi M.
Published: March 2018

Chitosan is a carbohydrate polymer derivative of chitin which presents in shell of crustaceans. This biopolymer is a non toxic and environmentally friendly, considered as a plant growth stimulator in some plant species. The present study investigates the effects of chitosan and media types on multiplication and genetic stability of Phalaenopsis gigantea protocorm-like bodies (PLBs). PLBs were inoculated in liquid New Dogashima Medium (NDM) and Vacin and Went (VW) supplemented with various concentrations of chitosan (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/L). The highest PLB multiplication was observed on VW and NDM supplemented with 10 mg/L chitosan with mean number of PLBs 177 and 147, respectively. Chitosan promoted the formation of juvenile leaves and the highest number was observed in NDM supplemented with 20 mg/L chitosan with mean number of 66 leaves after 8 weeks of culture. Genetic stability was assessed among mother plant and secondary PLBs after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of culture in liquid media. 8 out of 10 ISSR markers produced a total of 275 clear and reproducible bands with mean of 6.9 bands per primer. The secondary PLBs produced during sub-culturing process of chitosan treated liquid culture were genetically uniform and similar to mother plant.
Comparison of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties for Ginkgo biloba and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) from Egypt
Authors: EL-BELTAGI Hossam S. , BADAWI Mona H.
Published: March 2018

The widespread use of medicinal plants for health purposes has increased dramatically due to their great importance to the public health. In this study levels of phenolic, flavonoid contents of Ginkgo biloba and Rosmarinus officinalis from Egypt were determined. HPLC was used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds in selected plants. The plant extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant activities using various antioxidant methodologies, (i) scavenging of free radicals using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, (ii) metal ion chelating capacity, and (iii) scavenging of superoxide anion radical. The antimicrobial activity of both plantâ€™s extracts were evaluated against a panel of microorganisms by using agar disc diffusion method. The total phenolic content (75.30 and 98.31 mg/g dry weight in G. biloba and R. officinalis, respectively) was significantly (p<0.05) different. Among the identified phenolic compounds, quercetin, kaempferol and caffeic acid were the predominant phenolic compounds in Ginkgo biloba, whereas carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, narinigen and hispidulin were the predominant phenolic compound in Rosmarinus officinalis leaves. The antioxidant activity increased with the concentration increase. The R. officinalis was more active than G. biloba extract against Gram-negative bacteria. This study reveals that the consumption of these plants would exert several beneficial effects by virtue of their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Seasonal Patterns of Carbohydrates in Mandarin cvs. â€˜Fremontâ€™, â€˜Novaâ€™ and â€˜Robinsonâ€™ on Different Rootstocks
Authors: YILDIZ Ercan , KAPLANKIRAN Mustafa , DEMIRKESER Turan Hakan , TOPLU Celil
Published: March 2018

The study was conducted at the experimental farm of Mustafa Kemal University, DÃ¶rtyol, Turkey during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of â€˜Troyerâ€™ and â€˜Carrizoâ€™ citranges (Poncirus trifoliata Raf. Ã— Citrus sinensis Osb. var. â€˜Troyerâ€™ and â€˜Carrizoâ€™), and common sour orange (Citrus aurantium L. var. common), rootstocks on the seasonal variation of carbohydrate content in the leaves of cvs. â€˜Fremontâ€™, â€˜Novaâ€™, and â€˜Robinsonâ€™ mandarin. The seasonal variation of carbohydrate content of the three cultivars budded on different rootstocks was nearly same. Soluble carbohydrate concentration showed a continuous decrease from January to mid or late-summer, and then slowly began to increase after early autumn till winter. The sucrose was the dominant soluble carbohydrate in leaves. The seasonal evolution of starch content in leaves increased initially during January to March, and then decreased in April. The starch concentration showed a continuous decrease slowly until the mid-autumn, and then accumulation began during late-autumn and winter. The total carbohydrate content differences among the rootstocks were significant, but the content was changed among the cultivars and according to the season. The change in the total carbohydrate content of leaf tissues showed a strong similarity in cultivars budded on different rootstocks throughout the year. The total carbohydrate content reached their lowest levels in July for cv. â€˜Robinsonâ€™, in August for cv. â€˜Fremontâ€™ and cv. â€˜Novaâ€™. The total carbohydrate content in leaves increased from the mid- or late-summer to winter. It is suggested that the seasonal variation of carbohydrate content in plant tissues can be considered during fertilization program in mandarin trees.
High Frequency Plant Regeneration System of Aerides odorata Lour. Through Foliar and Shoot Tip Culture
Authors: DEVI Huidrom Sunitibala , DEVI Sanglakpam Irabati , SINGH Thingbaijam Dikash
Published: March 2018

An efficient protocol for rapid clonal propagation from different explants of Aerides odorata Lour.- an endemic orchid of Manipur has been established. Leaf base explants showed significant response in Â½ strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Callus were initiated only from leaf base explants after 60 days of culture while other parts of leaves failed to response in all the treatments. Medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L TDZ produced protocorm like bodies (PLBs) at the leaf base. Shoot tip explants of A. odorata showed different morphogenetic responses in different phytohormone treatments. Calli were initiated only in the medium containing Î±-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Highest calli frequency was observed in the medium containing 2 mg/L (NAA) (85.71Â±0.21) which indicates the importance of exogenous auxin in embryonic callus proliferation. Direct shoot regeneration on the other hand was observed in all the treatments. Highest number of shoot was obtained in higher concentration of NAA (2 mg/L) and BAP (4 mg/L) (4.80Â±0.18), showing combined effect of BAP and NAA, which may be due to the synergistic effect of cytokinin and auxin. Among the different rooting phytohormones, addition of NAA (0.5 mg/L) in Â½ MS medium shows highest frequency of root induction. More than 95% in vitro plants survived during acclimatization under ex vitro conditions. This phytohormones and explants based micropropagation system can open up the route for in vitro clonal multiplication of this commercially important Aerides species.
Effects of Short Day Conditioning, Chilling and GA3 Treatments to Yield and Fruit Quality in Strawberry Plug Transplants Aiming Early Fruit Production
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Emine , KAŞKA Nurettin , GÜNDÜZ Kazim , SERÇE Sedat
Published: March 2018

In this study, we tested the effects of short day (SD), chilling (Ch) and gibberalic acid (GA3) treatments on the yield and fruit characteristics of ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Sweet Charlie’ plug plants under a freeze-protected greenhouse in Mediterranean conditions for two growing seasons in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. The treatments included control (ambient day length and temperature); SD (8 h days) and ambient temperature; SD + Chilling (Ch) (18/12°C day/night temperatures); SD + Ch (10°C); SD + Ch (2°C); and, GA3 (10 ppm applied to the plants in November). In each growing season, the plug plants were planted in mid-August using bag culture. Yield, fruit weight, firmness, total soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS/TA ratio were investigated. Considerable amounts of early yield (March and April) were recovered from ‘Sweet Charlie’; 116 and 72 g/plant in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. ‘Sweet Charlie’ also had consistently higher total yield than ‘Camarosa’ (457 vs. 400 g/plant in the 2006-2007 season and 446 vs. 406 g/plant in the 2007-2008 season). Treatment did not have a consistent effect on the fruit quality traits measured. The results indicated that although SD conditioning, Ch and GA3 treatments may have an effect on the total and early yield of strawberries, these effects may be cultivar-dependent and further regulated by environmental factors. Therefore, we propose that low-chilling varieties be utilized for early fruit production that can initiate flower buds in warmer, longer days.
Fertilization Effects on the Chemical Composition and In vitro Organic Matter Digestibility of Semi-natural Meadows as Predicted by NIR Spectrometry
Authors: DALE Laura M. , THEWIS André , ROTAR Ioan , BOUDRY Christelle , PĂCURAR Florin S. , LECLER Bernard , AGNEESSENS Richard , DARDENNE Pierre , BAETEN Vincent
Published: March 2018

Management of livestock grazing in highly-productive mountain meadows is an important aspect for the economic viability and the environmental impact of a grassland-based farm. The main aim of this study was to build near infrared models to determine the chemical composition and in vitro organic matter digestibility of Romanian meadow forages. The treatments were organic and mineral fertilizer combinations, and forage samples were obtained from three fertilization experiments conducted in the Apuseni Mountains; these samples were analysed using classical and NIR methods. The samples were scanned in the NIR wavelength band. The CRA-W Gembloux ‘local’ calibration models were validated with Romanian meadow forages and then used in order to predict the forage quality of samples. A second objective of the study was to determine the effects of fertilization on forage quality. The results showed a decrease in crude protein content from the NPK treatment (150:75:75), which can be explained by a reduction of Fabaceae plants with this treatment from 17.25% of the populations in the control (semi-natural meadow not fertilized) to 6.25% in the fertilized plots. The decrease in protein content and in vitro organic matter digestibility was related to a reduced Fabaceae presence. Our recommendation is to use mineral fertilization with NPK doses less than 100:50:50 to improve meadow productivity; meanwhile organic fertilization can also be used to complement and maintain biodiversity and forage quality.
Histo-Anatomical Studies in Allium saxatile, a Specie with Ornamental Potential
Authors: DRAGHIA Lucia , IVĂNESCU Lăcrămioara , CHELARIU Elena-Liliana , BOSCAIU Monica , PARASCHIV Nicoleta Luminița
Published: March 2018

The current paper presents some characteristics of the anatomy of vegetative organs (adventive root and leaf) of Allium saxatile M. Bieb., a species rare in the Romanian flora, which have not been described before in the literature. Histo-anatomical studies performed on Allium saxatile plants sampled from three local populations identified in the Dobrogea area, complete already existing data from other species of this genus, and represent the beginning of future studies on ecological anatomy, taxonomy and ex situ conservation strategies. Some of the obtained results confirm data from literature, but additional observations have been made that show features not reported previously for any specie of the Allium genus, such as the presence of colenchymatized cells in the internal mesophyll at the lamina level; or the presence, at sheath level, of epidermal cells with uniformly lignified and thick walls.
Microsporogenesis of Apricot Cultivars in Hungary
Authors: HAJNAL Veronika , OMID Zarif , LADÁNYI Márta , TÓTH Magdolna , SZALAY László
Published: March 2018

Like all phenological processes, microsporogenesis is mainly determined genetically, but its phenotypical expression is greatly influenced by environmental factors, particularly the temperature. During the 3-year experimental period, the process of microsporogenesis was examined in eight apricot cultivars originated in North America and in Romania. The Hungarian cultivar ‘Gönci magyar kajszi’ was used as the control. Based on the results it was possible to rank the cultivars in terms of their microsporogenesis schedule. The same order was found in all three years. This order also indicates the yield reliability of the cultivars. Endodormancy ended between January 10th and 25th in the buds of the earliest cultivar ‘Pinkcot’, but not until February 5-10th in the latest cultivar ‘Harlayne’. Three of the cultivars had faster flower bud development than the control, in the order ‘Pinkcot’, ‘Orange Red’ and ‘Harcot’. Growing these cultivars thus involves greater risk than for ‘Gönci magyar kajszi’ in Hungary, due to their rapid winter flower bud development. Some cultivars found to have slower flower bud development than ‘Gönci magyar kajszi’; ‘Litoral’, ‘Harogem’, ‘Comandor’, ‘Sirena’ and ‘Harlayne’ – thus these cultivars can be grown more reliably.
First Occurence of Fire Blight on Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) in Hungary
Authors: VÉGH Anita , PALKOVICS László
Published: March 2018

During July 2012, a severe unusual disease symptom was observed on young shoots on apricot (Prunus armeniaca 10/13 hybrid) in the city of Pomáz, near Budapest. The naturally infected shoots showed typical symptoms of fire blight including terminal shoots with brown to black necrotic lesions. Symptoms were the same as fire blight symptoms reported from other hosts and locations. The first occurrence of fire blight on an apricot tree in Europe was recorded in Czech Republic in 2011. Samples of the leaves and shoots with symptoms were macerated and spread on King’s medium B. After 24 hours of incubation at 26 °C, bacteria morphologically similar to E. amylovora were detected. Isolate induced hypersensitive reaction on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘White Burley’) leaves. Biochemical test was also used for identification, and the result of API 20E kit (Biomérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France), demonstrate that the bacterium belongs to Enterobacteriaceae family. A pathogenicity tests were positive on young apricot shoots and immature fruits. For molecular identification of the pathogen the 16S rDNA region was amplified from isolate Ea-ApricotPo1 with a general bacterial primer pair (63f forward and 1389r reverse). The PCR products were cloned into a pGEM T-Easy plasmid vector (Promega, Madison, WI USA) and were transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α cells. A recombinant plasmid (2A2.5) was sequenced by M13 forward and reverse primers. The sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. HF546214) and showed 99-100% sequence homology with a number of E. amylovora isolates, including type strain FN666575 with 100% similarity. On the basis of the symptoms, colony morphology, biochemical tests, and 16S rDNA sequence homology, the pathogen was identified as E. amylovora. This is a first record of a natural outbreak of fire blight on apricot in Hungary.
Crop Response to Glyphosate Trimesium Sulphosate
Authors: PAVLOVIC Danijela , VRBNICANIN Sava , REINHARDT Carl
Published: March 2018

Glyphosate may cause injury to non-target plants. The first detectable symptom after glyphosate treatment is the growth inhibition, followed by noticeable yellowing (chlorosis) of the treated tissue. Five to ten days after the treatment, the chlorosis turns into necrosis and the plants begin to die. Greenhouse research was conducted in 2007 to investigate the response of glyphosate resistant (GR) soybeans PAN 520 line and non-glyphosate resistant EGRET line of soybeans to glyphosate trimesium sulphosate and to evaluate soybeans injury to help in weed resistance detection. The methods used to detect changes were dose response test, HPLC measurement based on glyphosate induced accumulation of shikimate, and morpho-anatomical changes (light and electron microscopy). Damaged chloroplasts are a clear indication of a glyphosate injury. If the injury rating is related to increased shikimate levels, there is greater certainty that differences among biotypes are due to glyphosate tolerance.
Synteny of Images in Three Illustrated Dioscoridean Herbals: Juliana Anicia Codex, Codex Neapolitanus, and Morgan 652
Authors: JANICK Jules , WHIPKEY Anna L. , STOLARCZYK John
Published: March 2018

Plant illustrations were compared in three ancient illustrated recensions of the non-illustrated manuscript of Dioscorides titled Î ÎµÏÎ¯ ÏÎ»Î·Ï‚ Î¹Î±Ï„ÏÎ¹ÎºÎ®Ï‚ (De Materia Medica in Latin; On Medical Matters in English) written about the year 65: Juliana Anicia Codex (JAC) or Codex Vindobonensis produced in the year 512, Codex Neapolitanus (NAP) produced in the late 6th or early 7th century, and Morgan 652 (M652) produced between 927 and 985. M652 contains many illustrations that are similar to those of JAC, and it has long been evident that large parts of the M652 were based on the JAC or a precursor. NAP also appears to be a source in the creation of M652 since M652 contains several images that appear in NAP but not JAC, and when images are common in all three herbals about 19.3% of the M652 images are closer to NAP than JAC. We conclude that M652 illustrations are based on images from both JAC and NAP. A database of the three herbals is available online www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/herbalimages.
Micropropagation of the Endangered and Decorative Specie Dianthus serotinus Waldst. et Kit.
Authors: MARKOVIĆ Marija , GRBIĆ Mihailo , DJUKIĆ Matilda
Published: March 2018

During past decades, great attention has been paid to propagation of endangered plant taxa in order to preserve biodiversity. The aim of this study was to optimize a protocol for in vitro propagation of the critically endangered and decorative species Dianthus serotinus Waldst. et Kit. The effects of different concentration of MS salt (Murashige and Skoog) of the culture, medium pH and different carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) on shoot multiplication were examined. The best results were obtained on half-strength MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium, whose pH was 5.8, with sucrose supplied at a concentration of 3%, when shoots with 1-2 nodes or shoot tips (with terminal buds only) were used as explants. The shoots were rooted (76.7%) on half-strength MS medium containing 0.5 mg∙L-1 NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid). The obtained plantlets were successfully acclimatized (89%) in a 4:1 mixture of peat and sand and they flowered the following year. Presented protocol enables successful in vitro propagation of D. serotinus.
The Influence of the Developmental Stage and Culture Medium upon the Somatic Embryo Induction in Quercus petraea
Authors: TIMOFTE Adrian Ioan , VICAȘ Simona
Published: March 2018

The somatic embryogenesis is an advanced method for clonal propagation and a useful tool for ex situ conservation of genetic resources. In this paper an experimental device was designed, composed of: one oak species (Quercus petraea), one provenance, four types of explants (developmental stages of the zygotic embryo) and four variants of culture medium. It was released the two-way statistical analyses of the two analyzed factors affecting the embryo induction efficiency: the stage of explant and culture medium (4 stages x 4 culture media). The most important factor affecting the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis was found to be the developmental stage of the zygotic embryos used as juvenile explants. The high embryogenic ability of young zygotic embryos and low embryogenic ability of maturing zygotic ones showed the strong positive relationship between somatic embryo induction and accumulation of reserve nutrients in cotyledons. The best results were obtained with the youngest embryos (stage 1), with a linear decrement towards the stage 4. The embryo induction efficiency ranged between 44% and 10% in Q. petraea. Two nutritive culture media and two growth hormone combinations were tested. The effect of culture medium proved to be totally insignificant, besides the differences observed among the variants cultivated on different media. The situation was the same as well for the nutrients as for growth regulators.
In vitro Conservation and Cryopreservation of Nandina domestica, an Outdoor Ornamental Shrub
Authors: OZUDOGRU Aylin , Da SILVA Diogo Pedrosa CorrÃªa , KAYA Ergun , DRADI Giuliano , PAIVA Renato , LAMBARDI Maurizio
Published: March 2018

The study focused on an economically-important ornamental outdoor shrub, Nandina domestica, with the aims to (i) optimize an effective in vitro conservation method, and (ii) develop a cryopreservation protocol for shoot tips by the PVS2 vitrification and droplet-vitrification techniques. For in vitro conservation of shoot cultures, the tested parameters were sucrose content in the storage medium (30, 45, 60 g/L) and storage temperature (4 Â°C or 8 Â°C). Cryopreservation was performed by applying the PVS2 vitrification solution, in 2-ml cryovials or in drops over aluminum foil strips, for 15, 30, 60 or 90 min at 0 Â°C, followed by the direct immersion in liquid nitrogen of shoot tips. Results show that N. domestica shoots can be conserved successfully for 6 months at both the temperatures tested, especially when 60 g/L sucrose is used in the storage medium. However, conservation at 4 Â°C showed to be more appropriate, as hyperhydricity was observed in post-conservation of shoots coming from storage at 8 Â°C. As for cryopreservation, a daily gradual increase of sucrose concentration (from 0.25 to 1.0 M) produced better protection to the samples that were stored in liquid nitrogen. Indeed, with this sucrose treatment method, a 30-min PVS2 incubation time was enough to produce, 60 days after thawing, the best recovery (47% and 50%) of shoot tips, cryopreserved with PVS2 vitrification and droplet-vitrification, respectively.
Fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica: fatores associados e comparação com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico no ELSA-Brasil
Authors: Freitas Roberta Souza , Fonseca Maria de Jesus Mendes da , Schmidt Maria Inês , Molina Maria del Carmen Bisi , Almeida Maria da Conceição Chagas de
Published: March 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (FCH) em participantes do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil), identificar fatores de risco associados e comparar com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados da linha de base de uma coorte de servidores públicos. O FCH é definido pela presença simultânea de circunferência da cintura (CC) aumentada (≥ 80cm para mulheres, ≥ 90cm para homens de acordo com a Federação Internacional de Diabetes - IDF; e ≥ 88cm para mulheres, ≥ 102cm para homens de acordo com o Programa Nacional de Educação sobre o Colesterol dos Estados Unidos - NCEP) e hipertrigliceridemia. A associação entre as variáveis independentes e FCH foi testada por meio de modelos de regressão logística multivariada. O FCH foi comparado também com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico por meio de testes de correlação, índice kappa, sensibilidade e especificidade. Após exclusões, foram analisados 12.811 participantes. A prevalência do FCH variou de 24,7% (IDF) a 13,3% (NCEP). FCH foi associado a ter idade mais avançada, ao consumo excessivo de álcool, ser ex-fumante, apresentar HDL baixo, não-HDL alto e PCR aumentado, independente do sexo ou critério de definição. FCH associou-se a indicadores de risco cardiovascular, especialmente à síndrome metabólica. A elevada prevalência de FCH e sua associação com indicadores de risco cardiovascular, especialmente com a síndrome metabólica, apoia sua utilização como ferramenta de triagem de risco cardiometabólico na prática clínica.
Atenção à saúde bucal no Parque Indígena do Xingu, Brasil, no período de 2004-2013: um olhar a partir de indicadores de avaliação
Authors: Lemos Pablo Natanael , Rodrigues Douglas Antônio , Frazão Paulo , Hirooka Lucila Brandão , Guisilini Alana Cristina , Narvai Paulo Capel
Published: March 2018

A Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal redefiniu em 2011 seu modelo de atenção para os povos indígenas, preconizando o subsídio da epidemiologia e o acompanhamento do impacto das ações por meio de indicadores adequados. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a evolução desses indicadores, propostos pelo Ministério da Saúde, no Parque Indígena do Xingu, Brasil, no período de 2004-2013. Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, com o uso de dados secundários do Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena Xingu e do Projeto Xingu, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Observou-se cobertura de primeira consulta odontológica programática maior que 60% em todos os anos analisados, exceto em 2009 e 2010, cujas coberturas foram de 44,7% e 53,4%, respectivamente. O indicador de tratamento odontológico básico concluído apresentou aumento significativo, de 44,9% para 79,9%, entre 2006 e 2008. A proporção de exodontias no conjunto dos procedimentos diminuiu de 24,3% em 2004 para 3,8% em 2011. A cobertura da média da ação coletiva de escovação dental supervisionada obteve a maior variabilidade (1,2 a 23,3%) no período analisado. O acesso à saúde bucal mostrou boa cobertura e o indicador de tratamento concluído apresentou percentual mais elevado em comparação com outros povos indígenas no mesmo período. O melhor desempenho do indicador de exodontias pode decorrer de mudança no enfoque assistencial possibilitado por parcerias com universidades, ainda que os indicadores de escovação supervisionada indiquem ser necessário priorizar ações preventivas. Mudanças na gestão da saúde indígena, com fragilização ou ausência de parcerias, podem ter influenciado negativamente os indicadores do programa.
Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (ELESEU): design, methodological procedures, and preliminary results
Authors: Nogueira Patrícia Simone , Ferreira Márcia Gonçalves , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Melo , Muraro Ana Paula , Pereira Lídia Pitaluga , Pereira Rosangela Alves
Published: March 2018

Admission to a university may cause significant changes in the pattern of exposure to health risks. The aim of this paper is to describe the study design and methodological procedures adopted in the Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (ELESEU). This study examines a dynamic cohort of full-time students at a public university in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This research, which started in 2015, will have four years of follow-up and is scheduled to end in 2018. A self-administered questionnaire is applied, containing questions regarding demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and information on health conditions and risk factors such as lifestyle, perceived stress, symptoms of depression, body image, risk behaviors for eating disorders, self-assessment of health and diet quality, and other issues related to nutrition and health. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements are also recorded. Two 24-hour dietary recalls and cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose capillary measurements are collected in 50% of the students. In 2015, 495 participants (82.6% of the eligible students) were assessed in the baseline study. Of these, 348 (70.3%) were followed up in 2016. In 2016, 566 participants were included in the cohort (81% of the eligible students). This study will help to identify the factors that might influence changes in the nutritional, health, and metabolic status of young adults during college life.
SURFACE RUNOFF OF RAINFALL IN AN EXPERIMENTAL PLANTATION OF MACAÚBA PALM (Acrocomia aculeata) UNDER DIFFERENT FORMS OF MANAGEMENT
Authors: Corrêa João Batista Lúcio , Dias Herly Carlos Teixeira , Tonello Kelly Cristina , Cicco Valdir de , Silva Elias , Silveira Lucas Jesus da , Sato Aurora Yoshiko
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Several studies have been conducted aiming to explore the commercial potential of the macaúba palm. However, research on the hydrological processes of this crop are scarce. Thus, we aimed to quantify the surface runoff in a macaúba plantation subjected to different crop management techniques, from September 2012 toAugust 2013. We established 10 plots for surface runoff quantification; each plot had a 63-m² area, was delimited by metallic foils and had a gallon to collect runoff water at its outlet. Plots consisted of three treatments and three repetitions, plus one control plot, each having four macaúba plants. Treatments were as follows: treatment one (T1) - with no soil conservation technique being implemented; treatment two (T2) - with a narrow-base terrace 40 cm wide and 30 cm deep; treatment three (T3) - with bean being planted during the rainy months, forming vegetation strips; and control treatment (T0) - with no macaúba plants, with spontaneous vegetation growing throughout the entire plot and with no soil conservation technique being implemented. Surface runoff differed among treatments. T2 was the treatment with lowest runoff and also the one that demanded the highest precipitation volume for surface runoff to occur. Our results indicate that both the cover and the use of soil conservation techniques are closely related to surface runoff, which in turn affects the occurrence of erosion and infiltration.