bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arbitragem no contexto do esporte escolar: percepções de violência narradas por árbitros
Authors: Bressan João Carlos Martins , Carneiro Kleber Tuxen , Silveira Viviane Teixeira , Dos Santos Dominique Stefany Gomes , Reverdito Riller Silva
Published: August 2019

O árbitro/a ocupa uma posição de destaque no esporte, tendo a responsabilidade de realizar a gestão do jogo, função que o/a expõe a situações de violência. Em competições em nível escolar, a pesquisa nesse campo ainda é incipiente. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi reconhecer a violência percebida por árbitros/as no contexto dos jogos escolares da juventude. Lança mão de uma abordagem qualitativa de caráter exploratório, e fora realizado na fase estadual dos jogos em 2016 no estado de mato grosso. Participaram da pesquisa árbitros/as (n=19), das categorias a e b. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas, registradas em um gravador digital (sonyⓇ icd-px312) e transcritas na íntegra, empregou-se a análise de conteúdo, usando o software nvivoⓇ10. Com base nos resultados, observou-se que todos/as sofreram ou vivenciaram algum tipo de violência, bem como a relativizam considerando o contexto investigado. Revelou-se também a fragilidade no sistema de controle dessas situações, atribuindo ao/a árbitro/a a exclusiva responsabilidade pela gestão do ambiente de competição. O papel do/a árbitro/a deverá ser abordado como conteúdo do processo de formação de jovens no esporte e, nesse sentido, deverão compreender que são corresponsáveis pela educação esportiva.
Programa de exercício físico entre hipertensos atendidos pela atenção primária de saúde: variáveis antropométricas e gastos com saúde
Authors: Ferro Izabela Dos Santos , Araújo Monique Yndawe Castanho , Rocha Ana Paula Rodrigues , Queiroz Dayane Cristina , Juday Valéria , Codogno Jamile Sanches
Published: August 2019

Pouco se sabe sobre o possível impacto da implementação de programas de exercício físico regular sobre adiposidade corporal e gastos com saúde de pacientes atendidos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde, sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo foi implementar e verificar o efeito de um programa de exercício físico com duração de 12 meses, sobre a obesidade e gastos públicos em saúde desses pacientes. Amostra composta por 25 adultos, com idade ≥50 anos, hipertensos e insuficientemente ativos. Anteriormente ao início do treinamento, aos seis meses e ao final foi realizada avaliação da composição corporal, pressão arterial e análise dos gastos em saúde. O treinamento era realizado três vezes na semana com duração de 60 minutos. Para o fator intervenção houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos somente para a variável circunferência de cintura (p=0,019). Para os valores de gordura corporal, o grupo intervenção apresentou reduções ao longo do seguimento, as quais foram significativas quando comparadas ao grupo controle. Os gastos com consultas reduziram ao longo do tempo em ambos os grupos (p=0,026). O programa de exercícios físicos foi capaz de proporcionar benefícios ao percentual de gordura corporal dos pacientes, porém gastos com saúde não foram afetados
O ensino dos jogos esportivos coletivos no ensino fundamental: um estudo com universitários em Educação Física
Authors: Backes Ana Flávia , Brasil Vinícius Zeilmann , Souza Jeferson Rodrigues de , Kuhn Filipy , Costa Matheus Da Lapa , Souza Edison Roberto de , Milistetd Michel , Ramos Valmor
Published: August 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o processo de ensino dos jogos esportivos coletivos de universitários do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física nas séries finais do Ensino Fundamental. Adotou-se procedimentos de pesquisa qualitativa, a partir de estudos de casos múltiplos com quatro universitários de uma universidade pública no Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da combinação de planos de ensino e aula, observações e procedimentos de estimulação de memória. A técnica de Análise de Conteúdo foi utilizada para a análise dos dados. As evidências indicaram a adoção de fundamentação teórica crítica e propósitos procedimentais/motores nos planejamentos dos universitários. A partir das ações de ensino dos universitários, verificou-se a ênfase na seleção de conteúdos técnicos/motores; por meio de tarefas globais e analíticas; estratégias de instrução de explicação, demonstração, intervenções de gestão; feedbacks prescritivos e avaliativos; estratégias de gestão grupais e individuais, com ênfase na restrição dos materiais aos alunos e relação social centrada nos próprios universitários. Privilegiou-se também a avaliação nas dimensões procedimental/motora, conceitual/cognitiva e atitudinal/afetivo-social, através de provas, trabalhos e conceitos de participação. Conclui-se que o processo de ensino da maioria dos universitários em Educação Física investigados corresponde às características verificadas nos modelos diretivos.
The Influence of Composition of Raw Materials on Formation of Phenolic Resin from Cashew Nut Shell Waste (CNSW)
Authors: Do Quang Minh , Huynh Ngoc Minh , Nguyen Vu Uyen Nhi , Nguyen Ngoc Tri Huynh , Kieu Do Trung Kien , Pham Trung Kien , Nguyen Hoc Thang
Published: August 2019

Phenolic resin can be formed from the powder of cashew nut shell waste (CNSW), phenoland sulfuric acid. In this study, the powder of CNSW, phenol and sulfuric acid were mixed withvarious ratios in the reactions for formation of phenolic resin at 150oC during 180 minutes. Theformation of phenolic resin was evaluated by the non-reactive residue of CNSW, which was used tofind the best composition. The molecular mass and the separation of the constituents in the sampleswere also identified by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The samples with optimizedcomposition were characterized molecular structures and functional groups using Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
Increasing the Strength and Reliability of the Jetty Pile Structure with the Application of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Authors: Wisnugroho Joko , Afsari Digby Febri Ardyansah , Indrajaya Yulius
Published: August 2019

In oil distribution process, especially in archipelago countries like Indonesia, jetty is anessential tool in loading and unloading oil from and to tanker. The main problem in jetty structurewith steel piling is its corrosion resistance. The deterioration of the jetty structure strength was causedby the piling depletion caused by corrosion. In this study, calculation and mechanical strength testingfor Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) were conducted. The study was then applied toPertamina Tanjung Uban jetty to strengthen the piling, and increase in compression strength of up to63.38% was observed. The increase of compression strength from the application of GFRP however,doesn’t have a linear strengthening effect when applied for other applications.
Improving the Productivity of Avocado Seed for Create High Value Products
Authors: Espinosa-Garza Gerardo , Hernández Imelda Loera , Tijerina Aguilera Jacobo
Published: August 2019

Nowadays there is a significant increase in the consumption of vegetables and fruits, due toall the therapeutic properties that have been associated with them, some of these fruits and vegetablesare consumed in processed form [1]. During the process, byproducts such as husks and seeds aregenerated, which are usually difficult to handle waste since they have a high organic load and carryan additional cost for their treatment [2]. Proteins, carbohydrates, bioactive substances, essential oils,are some of the compounds that can be found in this type of waste [3-6]. The subproduct mentionedcan be used as raw material for obtaining other products of high value for consumption. The objectiveof the present investigation was to determine the concentration of various minerals, fatty acids,resveratrol and phytosterols present in the avocado seed in order to add value to this residue. Afterconducting all these experiments in the laboratory, it was shown that the avocado seed containsresveratrol and other components that help improve glucose and cholesterol levels. An avocado seedsupplement was obtained that has been tested with rabbits for the moment.
Cold Roll Forming Behavior of Wrought Magnesium Alloy with Tension - Compression Asymmetry
Authors: Kobayashi Harunori , Watari Hisaki
Published: August 2019

In recent years, the movement that banning the sale of gasoline cars and diesel vehiclesespecially in Europe and allowing only electric cars for passenger’s cars has been accelerated. Forexamples, Germany’s federal council, the Bundesrat, has passed a resolution calling for a ban oncombustion engine cars by 2030. If the ban were to go through, German citizens would only bepermitted to purchase electric or hydrogen-fueled cars. In Norway, until 2025 there is a movement tolegislation prohibiting the registration of new cars for passenger car gasoline and diesel cars.Beginning in 2025 in the Netherlands, a bill to prohibit the sale of new cars for gasoline and dieselvehicles was submitted to Congress. Under the circumstances, the growing demand for light weightproducts for automotive industries has been increased due to global trend of environmentalpreservation. Although requires of magnesium has risen dramatically, production of magnesium alloysheet remains still at a very low level in practical use. The aim of the study is to establish a guidelinefor roll design in the roll forming of wrought magnesium alloys to extend practical use of roll formedproducts of wrought magnesium alloys. A three-dimensional elasto-plastic analysis by finite elementmethod has been conducted to express exact roll forming behavior of wrought magnesium alloys thathave different stress-strain curves in tension and compression. A simple V-sections were formed by atandem six stands roll forming machine to demonstrate effectiveness of the simulation methods withdifferent stress-strain curves in the case of tension and compression. Also, spring back analysis hasbeen performed to investigate exact cold roll forming phenomenon for wrought magnesium alloysheets.
Effect of Acids on Synthesis of WO3 and their Application in Supercapacitor
Authors: Kim Chi Hoon , Lokhande Vaibhav , Ji Taek Soo
Published: August 2019

In this study, the characteristics of WO3 prepared with acidic solution were analyzed. The acidic solution was prepared by using hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid as the solutions to be added during the hydrothermal synthesis process. SEM, XRD and electrochemical characteristics tests were performed based on the prepared samples. Samples prepared in hydrochloric acid (W1) solution can identify platelet crystals and nanospheres, and samples made from sulfuric acid (W2) solutions can identify nanospheres and nanocubes. From the XRD data, it was confirmed that all of the diffraction peaks had a hexagonal phase. Electrochemical properties showed good rate capability of W1 samples but low capacitance and W2 samples showed relatively high capacitances.
Rapid Pitting Corrosion Failure Analysis of 13Cr Stainless Steel as Thermocouple Protecting Material in Dry Gas Pipeline
Authors: Ma Yun , Li Yao , He Yan Jun , Wang Xuan , Bai Hai Tao
Published: August 2019

This paper presents corrosion failure analysis of 13Cr stainless steel (SS) in gas pipeline ingas pipeline, which was used as thermocouple protecting material (TPM). A portion of TMP faileddue to pitting corrosion under unknown circumstances. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) andX-ray diffraction (XRD) are employed to characterize the scales and/or corrosion products near thefailed portion. Based on visual and microscopic analyses, reviewing the background information andthe thermodynamic calculation, the following rapid pitting corrosion failure sequences wereidentified: Once the pitting appeared, in addition to the gas leakage and expansion, the temperaturedrop should lead a small amount of water in dry gas to condense on the surface of TPM. On one hand,the high salinity produced water will corrode the thermocouple. On the other hand, the high salinityproduced water will pass into the annular space of TPM through the pitting because of the pressuredrop, and the water will stay on inner surface for more time than that of external surface, whichaccelerated pitting of TPM. More and more pitting appeared, and the surface roughness increased.The film-forming property of condensation water will also increase. So, the TPM will be scrappedsoon.
The Alliance Negotiation Scale: Portuguese adaptation
Authors: Galvão Maria Inês , Silva Ana Nunes da , Vasco António Branco
Published: August 2019

The transtheoretical conceptualization of the working alliance and the ensuing evaluation tools tend to overestimate the collaboration between therapist and patient and to disregard the negotiation. The degree to which therapists and patients are able to negotiate their disagreements between goals and tasks is an important variable for establishing and maintaining the alliance. The purpose of this study was to adapt the Alliance Negotiation Scale – which operationalizes the theoretical construct of negotiation – to the Portuguese population. A translation and study of the psychometric traits of the scale are presented. After a backward-translation of the scale it was distributed, with the help of therapists, to a sample of 120 participants, all patients in therapeutic process. The scale showed a similar structure to its previous versions, and adequate levels of internal consistency (α=.82). These results reinforce the quality of the scale, construct’s relevance and its transtheoretical nature. These results are a step forward for Portuguese therapists’ and researchers’ ability to evaluate the bond between patient and therapist and to compare results from different countries.
Self-writing as a tool for change: the effectiveness of a psychotherapy using diary
Authors: Faccio Elena , Turco Francesca , Iudici Antonio
Published: August 2019

There is an abundance of literature investigating the relationship between self-writing and well-being in cases of trauma or life-changing events, but no such research has assessed the value of keeping a daily diary in promoting small changes, describing an individual’s identity in its slow, but realistic evolution. This study examined how the use of diary as a narration tool contributed to improving a patient’s awareness of his personal emotions and feelings during a course of psychotherapy. It investigated the changes occurring in the prevailing writing style of a 200-page diary written by a patient suffering from hypochondria over a period of two and a half years. Sentences relating to the need for change, to the self, to suffering and to the function attributed to the self-writing activity were analyzed on the basis of specific criteria deriving from dialogical self theory, which conceptualizes ways to adopt new identity positions during the course of change. Respondent validation identified a good correspondence between the findings of the textual analysis and the writer’s own point of view. Results showed an improvement in awareness of moods and feelings. Identity positions became more integrated and writing more enjoyable. These findings demonstrate the potential of innovative use of diary writing as a longitudinal tool for consolidating strategies for change and as an additional means for assessing psychotherapy efficacy. Writing a diary proved effective both in supporting the patient’s personal reflections and changes and in making it easier for him to share his thoughts with the therapist.
A clinical heritage of empirical research. In memory of Jeremy Safran
Authors: Lingiardi Vittorio , Gentile Daniela
Published: August 2019

Not available.
Ter begeleiding
Authors: Engelbrecht B.J.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
The homogeneity of audibility and prosody of Zulu words for Speech Reception Threshold (SRT) testing
Authors: Panday Seema , Kathard Harsha , Pillay Mershen , Govender Cyril
Published: August 2019

The aim of this investigation was to determine which of 58 preselected Zulu words developed by Panday et al. (2007) could be used for Speech Reception Threshold (SRT) testing. To realize this aim the homogeneity of audibility of 58 bisyllabic Zulu low tone verbs was measured, followed by an analysis of the prosodic features of the selected words. The words were digitally recorded by a Zulu first language male speaker and presented at 6 intensity levels to 30 Zulu first language speakers (18 -25 years, mean age of 21.5 years), whose hearing was normal. Homogeneity of au­dibility was determined by employing logistic regression analysis. Twenty eight words met the cri­terion of homogeneity of audibility. This was evidenced by a mean slope of 50% at 5.98%/dB. The prosodic features of the twenty eight words were further analyzed using a computerized speech laboratory system. The findings confirmed that the pitch contours of the words followed the pro­sodic pattern apparent within Zulu linguistic structure. Eighty nine percent of the Zulu verbs were found to have a difference in the pitch pattern between the two syllables i.e. the first syllable was low in pitch, while the second syllable was high in pitch. It emerged that the twenty eight words could be used for establishing SRT within a normal hearing Zulu speaking population. Fur­ther research within clinical populations is recommended.
Developing a corporate image model
Authors: Van Heerden C. H.
Published: August 2019

A survey of current literature and corporate identity manuals may create the impression that corporate identity consists solely of visual identity cues. In this paper the view is explored that corporate identity consists of both visual and behavioural cues. Most corporations strive towards a positive corporate image. This can be attained only by taking into account also such aspects as customer service and employee behaviour, and not just creating attractive buildings, uniforms, logos and slogans. An analysis of selected literature and the results of four independent studies are reported to support the proposal of a Corporate Image Model that needs further research and refinement.
Overcoming the development problem of the Nation-State in Africa through regionalism
Authors: Asante S. K.B.
Published: August 2019

Regionalism, of which the European Union is a successful example, has also been adopted by several African countries. The economic problems to be overcome here, more often than not include a sparse population, small internal markets, deficient infrastructure and economies vulnerable to fluctuating world prices. A further rationale for regionalism is more explicitly political in nature. Meeting the challenges of African development through a strategy of regionalism has been an enormous task in the past, and while there may be grounds for pessimism, this paper views the future with guarded optimism.
A South African perspective on the existence of an interest tax shield
Authors: Pienaar A. J. , Shotter M.
Published: August 2019

This paper investigates whether the use of debt in the capital structure of a company is beneficial to its shareholders. It finds that, in the South African context, gearing has no effect on the value of a company. The use of debt can increase the value of a company in a country where capital profits and interest are taxed equally. This is the result of an interest tax shield, which is directly related to the tax deductibility of interest paid. However, when capital growth and dividends are exempt in the bands of investors, as is the case in South Africa, the interest tax shield does not exist, and there appears to be no benefit in increasing debt.
Influences of the free trade agreement between South Africa and the European Union on the South African fresh orange industry
Authors: Gay S. H. , Nieuwoudt W. L.
Published: August 2019

This paper evaluates the effects of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between South Africa and the European Union (EU) on the South African orange industry. Oranges account for ten percent of South African agricultural exports. The aggregate trade simulation model used here is designed on the programme STELLA, and consists of regional production models, a local market model, an export model and an exchange rate model. Results indicate that the FTA is expected to have small positive effects on both South African producers and consumers. This is caused by increasing real free-on-board prices and decreasing real local prices of oranges. Total area under oranges will increase more with the FT A, which thus results in a larger orange production too.
Entrepreneurial attitudes: What are their sources?
Authors: Van Wyk R. , Boshoff A. B. , Bester C. L.
Published: August 2019

The relationship between Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientations (Robinson, Stimpson, Huefner & Hunt, 1991) and different biographic/demographic, personality and work related variables were investigated. The sample consists of 375 professionals, 200 pharmacists and 175 accountants. The personality variables measured are Type A behaviour, Locus of Control Inventory, Career Orientations and Self-Concept. The work related variables are job satisfaction and job involvement. Some strong relationships were found between entrepreneurial attitudes and personality and work variables. Multiple Regression Analyses also identified strong predictors of the different entrepreneurial attitude dependent variables.
The implementation of performance management in the Cape Town Municipality: 1996-2000
Authors: Cameron Robert , Sewell Bill
Published: August 2019

The aim of this article is to describe, interpret and critically analyse the political and managerial processes which the newly constituted Cape Town Municipality (CTM) followed in initiating and implementing its performance management approach from 1996-2000. The following research questions were posed:(i) How clearly were the political-administrative vision and values of the CTM formulated and developed? (ii) How was achievement of strategic performance objectives facilitated through management effectiveness and efficiency? (iii) How effectively was a normative framework of international best practice implemented by the CTM? (iv) What was the impact of political and union attitudes and actions on performance management principles and practice? (v) What issues of co-ordination and co-operation were evident in the process?
South African pharmaceutical prices: An international price comparison
Authors: Djolov George G.
Published: August 2019

A major presumption underlying the current debate on pharmaceutical prices in South Africa is that South African medicines are priced at levels out of line with comparable products in other countries. This paper presents some empirical evidence in an attempt to ascertain the validity of these presumptions. The results provide little support for the view that South African prices are in need of controls over and above those already existing through competition. The evidence reveals that recent calls and public policy proposals for parallel importation and its variant reference pricing are misplaced. To put forward such proposals without taking account of existing empirical knowledge for policy (or legislative) making purposes is a less than optimal approach.
Análise Crítica de Gênero: uma análise de um teste de proficiência em inglês como língua estrangeira
Authors: Marcuzzo Patrícia , Petry Radünz Amanda
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é reportar uma Análise Crítica de Gênero (ACG) do Teste de Suficiência em Leitura em Língua Estrangeira (TESLLE). A análise textual incluiu seis edições do TESLLE de língua inglesa ofertadas entre 2014 e 2016, além de documentos oficiais. As questões foram classificadas em relação ao tipo e ao enfoque; e então em relação aos elementos da linguagem que acionam. A análise contextual foi realizada a fim de interpretar os dados obtidos. Os resultados apontam que as questões do teste são de três tipos e apresentam 12 enfoques. Além disso, as questões acionam quatro níveis da linguagem. A análise demonstrou que o teste realmente testa a habilidade da leitura, por acionar principalmente o nível da Semântica e da Pragmática, e que a visão de linguagem que subjaz o teste é de “linguagem como gênero”, uma vez que a relação entre texto e contexto é explorada.
Public Wealth in the United States
Authors: Gonguet Fabien , Hellwig Klaus-Peter
Published: August 2019

We analyze the US public sector balance sheet and project it forward under the assumption that
current policies remain in place. We first document the history of the balance sheet and its
components since World War II, with a detailed account of its evolution during and after
the global financial crisis. While, based on assets and liabilities alone, public sector net
worth is negative, additional challenges arise from commitments to future spending implied
by current legislation and demographic trends. To quantify the risks to the balance sheet,
we then apply the macroeconomic scenarios from the Federal Reserve’s bank stress test to
the public sector balance sheet.
Long-Term Returns in Distressed Sovereign Bond Markets
Authors: Andritzky Jochen , Schumacher Julian
Published: August 2019

Sovereign debt restructurings are perceived as inflicting large losses to bondholders.
However, many bonds feature high coupons and often exhibit strong post-crisis
recoveries. To account for these aspects, we analyze the long-term returns of sovereign
bonds during 32 crises since 1998, taking into account losses from bond exchanges as well
as profits before and after such events. We show that the average excess return over risk-free
rates in crises with debt restructuring is not significantly lower than the return on
bonds in crises without restructuring. Returns differ considerably depending on the
investment strategy: Investors who sell during crises fare much worse than buy-and-hold
investors or investors entering the market upon signs of distress
E-commerce as a Potential New Engine for Growth in Asia
Authors: Kinda Tidiane
Published: August 2019

The use of e-commerce around the world has accelerated in recent years, with Asia, led by China, spearheading the rise. Using cross-country enterprise survey data, this paper shows that firms engaged in e-commerce have higher productivity and generate a larger share of their revenues from exports than other firms. This is particularly true in Asia, where firms have 30 percent higher productivity and generate about 50 percent more of their revenues from exports. The results presented in this paper are robust to the use of instrumental variables, which highlight possible larger effects of e-commerce on Asian productivity and exports when essential elements are in place for its effective use, such as reliable electricity, telecommunication, and transport infrastructure. Despite the rapid growth of e-commerce in recent years, gaps persist in digital infrastructure and legislation, preventing many Asian countries from fully reaping the potential benefits of e-commerce.
Productivity Drag from Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Japan
Authors: Colacelli Mariana , Hong Gee Hee
Published: August 2019

Productivity growth in Japan, as in most advanced economies, has moderated. This paper finds supportive evidence for the important role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in explaining Japan’s modest productivity growth. Results show a substantial dispersion in firm-level productivity growth across sectors and even across firms within the same sector. SMEs, on average, exhibit lower productivity growth than non-SMEs in Japan, with smaller and older SMEs showing particularly low productivity growth. Estimates suggest that boosting productivity growth in all of the worst-performing SMEs could improve overall productivity growth by up to 1.8 percentage points. The SME credit guarantee system, SME financing constraints, demographic factors, and lack of intangible capital investment are discussed as contributors to the slow productivity growth of Japan’s small and old SMEs.
Trade Wars and Trade Deals
Authors: Caceres Carlos , Cerdeiro Diego , Mano Rui
Published: August 2019

This paper studies the potential long-term effects of three illustrative scenarios using a multi-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) trade model calibrated to 165 countries. The first scenario estimates effects from potential U.S. auto tariffs. The second analyzes a ‘transactional deal’ between the U.S. and China to close their bilateral deficit. The third, in the absence of such a deal, considers a potential escalation in bilateral tariffs between the two countries. Some common features emerge across all three scenarios: the overall effects on GDP tend to be relatively small albeit negative in most cases, including for the U.S. However, sectoral disruptions and positive and negative spillovers to highly exposed ‘by-stander’ economies can be large. There is also heterogeneity at the subnational level in the U.S. -- richer states tend to benefit from certain scenarios. We discuss how estimated impacts depend on the extent to which the U.S. is able to re-shore production in protected sectors. These results can usefully complement estimates obtained through macroeconomic models that are better suited to capture dynamic effects, such as those stemming from trade policy uncertainty. More generally, our results both underscore the value of adhering to the existing levels of liberalization, and highlight the risks associated with a fragmentation or even a complete breakdown of the trading system.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from α-pinene, alkanes, and oil-sands-related precursors in a new oxidation flow reactor
Authors: Li Kun , Liggio John , Lee Patrick , Han Chong , Liu Qifan , Li Shao-Meng
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Oil-sands (OS) operations in Alberta, Canada, are a large
source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). However, the SOA formation
process from OS-related precursors remains poorly understood. In this work,
a newly developed oxidation flow reactor (OFR), the Environment and Climate
Change Canada OFR (ECCC-OFR), was characterized and used to study the yields
and composition of SOA formed from OH oxidation of α-pinene,
selected alkanes, and the vapors evolved from five OS-related samples (OS
ore, naphtha, tailings pond water, bitumen, and dilbit). The derived SOA
yields from α-pinene and selected alkanes using the ECCC-OFR were in
good agreement with those of traditional smog chamber experiments but
significantly higher than those of other OFR studies under similar
conditions. The results also suggest that gas-phase reactions leading to
fragmentation (i.e., C–C bond cleavage) have a relatively small impact on
the SOA yields in the ECCC-OFR at high photochemical ages, in contrast to
other previously reported OFR results. Translating the impact of
fragmentation reactions in the ECCC-OFR to ambient atmospheric conditions
reduces its impact on SOA formation even further. These results highlight
the importance of careful evaluation of OFR data, particularly when using
such data to provide empirical factors for the fragmentation process in
models. Application of the ECCC-OFR to OS-related precursor mixtures
demonstrated that the SOA yields from OS ore and bitumen vapors (maximum of
∼0.6–0.7) are significantly higher than those from the vapors
from solvent use (naphtha), effluent from OS processing (tailings pond water),
and from the solvent diluted bitumen (dilbit; maximum of ∼0.2–0.3), likely due to the volatility of each precursor mixture. A
comparison of the yields and elemental ratios (H∕C and O∕C) of the SOA from
the OS-related precursors to those of linear and cyclic alkane precursors of
similar carbon numbers suggests that cyclic alkanes play an important role
in the SOA formation in the OS. The analysis further indicates that the
majority of the SOA formed downwind of OS facilities is derived from
open-pit mining operations (i.e., OS ore evaporative emissions) rather than
from higher-volatility precursors from solvent use during processing and/or
tailings management. The current results have implications for improving the
regional modeling of SOA from OS sources, for the potential mitigation of OS
precursor emissions responsible for observed SOA downwind of OS operations,
and for the understanding of petrochemical- and alkane-derived SOA in
general.
Atmosphere–ocean exchange of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Russian Arctic Ocean
Authors: Ji Xiaowen , Abakumov Evgeny , Xie Xianchuan
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can greatly influence biotic activities and organic sources in the ocean. However, fluxes of these compounds as well as their fate, transport, and net input in the Arctic Ocean have not been thoroughly assessed. During April–November of the 2016 Russian High Latitude Expedition, 51 air (gases, aerosols, wet deposition) and water samples were collected from the Russian Arctic within the Barents Sea, Kara Sea, Leptev Sea, and East Siberian Sea. Here, we report on the Russian Arctic assessment of the occurrence in dry and wet deposition of 35 PAHs and 9 metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Hg), as well as the atmosphere–ocean fluxes of 35 PAHs and Hg0. We observed that Hg was mainly in the gas phase and Pb was most abundant in the gas phase compared with the aerosol and dissolved water phases. Mn, Fe, Pb, and Zn showed apparently higher levels than the other metals in the three phases. According to the results for the 35 detected PAHs, the concentrations of PAHs in aerosols and the dissolved water phase were about one magnitude higher than those in gas. The abundances of higher molecular weight PAHs were highest in the aerosols. Higher levels of both heavy metals and PAHs were observed in the Barents Sea, Kara Sea, and East Siberian Sea, which were close to areas with urban and industrial sites. Diagnostic ratios of phenanthrene / anthracene to fluoranthene / pyrene showed a pyrogenic source for the aerosols and gases, while the patterns for the dissolved water phase were indicative of both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources; pyrogenic sources were most prevalent in the Kara Sea and Leptev Sea. These differences between air and seawater reflect the different sources of PAHs through atmospheric transport, which included anthropogenic sources for gases and aerosols and mixtures of anthropogenic and biogenic sources along the continent in the Russian Arctic. The average dry deposition of ∑9metals and ∑35PAHs was 1749 ng m−2 d−1 and 1108 ng m−2 d−1, respectively. The average wet deposition of ∑9metals and ∑35PAHs was 33.29 μg m−2 d−1 and 221.31 μg m−2 d−1, respectively. For the atmosphere–sea exchange, the monthly atmospheric input of ∑35PAHs was estimated at 1040 tonnes. The monthly atmospheric Hg input was approximately 530 tonnes. These additional inputs of hazardous compounds may be disturbing the biochemical cycles in the Arctic Ocean.
Denudation systematics inferred from in situ cosmogenic 10Be
concentrations in fine (50–100 μm) and medium (100–250 μm)
sediments of the Var River basin, southern French Alps
Authors: Mariotti Apolline , Blard Pierre-Henri , Charreau Julien , Petit Carole , Molliex Stéphane ,   Team ASTER
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Marine sedimentary archives are well dated and often span several glacial cycles; cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in their detrital quartz grains could thus offer the opportunity to reconstruct a wealth of past denudation rates. However, these archives often comprise sediments much finer (
Impacts of fluvial processes on medieval settlement Lukovskoe (Tatarstan, Russia)
Authors: Gafurov Artur , Gainullin Iskander , Usmanov Bulat , Khomyakov Petr , Kasimov Alexey
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This work is continuation of the research aimed at
developing of a system for analysing of risks of destruction of
archaeological objects of Volga-Bulgaria period (X–XIII centuries AD) on
the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. Most of the Volga-Bulgaria
settlements located on the small rivers banks. This fact is determining the
risk of their destruction by natural processes. In order to identify the
risk of transformation of archaeological sites by fluvial processes bank
erosion dynamics at Lukovskoe fortified settlement evaluated. Modern field
survey with use of UAV and GNSS methods applied to study the relief of
monument territory. The measured data were analysed using the Geographical
Information System (GIS) to evaluate intensity of bank erosion. Historical
maps, archival remote sensing data and actual orthophotoplans compared to
get quantitative characteristics of monument territory damage. The main
factors that influence bank erosion at Lukovskoe fortified settlement
placement are the meandering of the Kubnya riverbed, bank height and the
ground that forms it. This study shows that remote sensing and 3-D-modelling
on the base of UAV survey is very important in study of fluvial processes
dynamics as a factor of archaeological objects destruction. The results of
research will help to identify trends in monuments state and to quantify the
risks of their destruction.
Quantifying channel bank erosion of a small mountain river in Russian wet subtropics using erosion pins
Authors: Kuznetsova Yulia , Golosov Valentin , Tsyplenkov Anatoly , Ivanova Nadezhda
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Channel bank erosion was monitored using erosion pin
arrays in a small mountain stream located in the Tsanyk River basin near the
Caucasian Black sea coast. The study area is characterized by high
precipitation, low mountainous topography, and flysch bedrock. Erosion pins
arrays were installed at six key sections each with different bank lithology
and morphology. Bank lithology (bedrock or alluvial deposits), morphology
(vertical or concave) and orientation towards the local flow direction were
the dominant factors controlling the rate of bank retreat and/or collapse.
In contrast to alluvial banks, bedrock slopes are predominantly affected by
chemical weathering processes in a wet subtropical climate. Results on
sediment mobilization and volume removed are presented for different bank
types. Variability in channel bank recessional dynamics is discussed in the
context of hydrometeorological data (2016–2018) and an extreme flood.
Strategies and effectiveness of land decontamination in the region affected by radioactive fallout from the Fukushima nuclear accident: A review
Authors: Evrard Olivier , Laceby J. Patrick , Nakao Atsushi
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 resulted in the contamination of Japanese landscapes with radioactive fallout. Accordingly, the Japanese authorities decided to conduct extensive remediation activities in the impacted region to allow for the relatively rapid return of the local population. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the decontamination strategies and their potential effectiveness in Japan, focussing on particle-bound radiocesium. In the Fukushima Prefecture, the decision was taken to decontaminate the fallout-impacted landscapes in November 2011 for the 11 municipalities evacuated after the accident (Special Decontamination Zones – SDZ, 1117 km2) and for the 40 non-evacuated municipalities affected by lower, although still significant, levels of radioactivity (Intensive Contamination Survey Areas, 7836 km2). Decontamination activities predominantly targeted agricultural landscapes and residential areas. No decontamination activities are currently planned for the majority of forested areas, which cover ~ 75 % of the main fallout-impacted region. Research investigating the effectiveness of decontamination activities underlined the need to undertake concerted actions at the catchment scale to avoid the renewed supply of contamination from the catchment headwaters after the completion of remediation activities. Although the impact of decontamination on the radioactive dose rates for the local population remains a subject of debate in the literature and in the local communities, outdoor workers in the SDZ represent a group of the local population that may exceed the long-term dosimetric target of 1 mSv yr−1. Decontamination activities generated ~ 20 million m3 of soil waste by early 2019. The volume of waste generated by decontamination may be decreased through incineration of combustible material and recycling of the less contaminated soil for civil engineering structures. However, most of this material will have to be stored for ~ 30 years at interim facilities opened in 2017 in the close vicinity of the FDNPP before being potentially transported to final disposal sites outside of the Fukushima Prefecture. Further research is required to investigate the perennial contribution of radiocesium from forest sources. In addition, the re-cultivation of farmland after decontamination raises additional questions associated with the fertility of remediated soils and the potential transfer of residual radiocesium to the plants. Overall, we believe it is important to synthesize the remediation lessons learnt following the FDNPP nuclear accident, which could be fundamental if a similar catastrophe occurs somewhere on Earth in the future.
To Investigate Gender Based Difference in Undergraduate Students’ L2 Integrative Motivation
Authors: Ahmed Muhammadi Tanveer , Lohar Shoukat Ali , Pathan Habibullah
Published: August 2019

This study took place in Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Sindh Paksitan. This University is in the general category with 29 departments. Keeping in mind the regional context, a questionnaire containing adapted and adopted statements from Attitude Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) and other questionnaires of L2 (second language) motivation researchers was developed. The participants of the study were 350 students (178 males and 172 females) from first year of undergraduate courses. The study aimed at inquiring if there was gender-wise difference among the students in the integrative motivation for learning English. The L2 motivation study in the area of gender-wise differences has yet to accumulate in Pakistan. The worldwide literature on the topic also suggests dearth of it internationally and a variance in results. Traditionally, gender-based differences have been found in favour of females (scoring high in integrative and instrumental motivation). However, this study found no such difference.
SOPORTE SOCIAL EN USUARIOS DE LOS SERVICIOS DE SALUD EN UNA INSTITUCION DE SEGUNDO NIVEL
Authors: Estrada Maria Cristina Ochoa , Contreras Jaqueline Karina Yonemoto , Rodríguez Isaias Ivan Briceño , Avendaño David Jahel García , Alvarado Monica Gallegos , Rodriguez Eloisa Esquivel
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Descrever o nível de suporte social percebido por usuários de serviços de atençãosecundária.Método: Estudo descritivo com uma amostra de 287 usuários de serviços de saúde do estadode Durango, México, aplicando a Escala de Suporte Social de Saúde, e utilizando o programaSPSS para a análise de resultados.Resultados: Os usuários ambulatoriais do hospital perceberam maior suporte por parte daequipe de enfermagem quando comparado aos médicos e assistentes sociais, com uma médiade M=10,70, 10,19, e 9,58, respectivamente; e com uma diferença significativa de p<0,05.Conclusão: A equipe de enfermagem fornece mais suporte social aos usuários dos serviços desaúde, respondendo às perguntas que são feitas e permitindo aos pacientes que expressemseus sentimentos.
MOTIVAÇÃO DE ALUNOS DA ÁREA DA SAÚDE EM DISCIPLINAS TOTALMENTE A DISTÂNCIA: INFLUÊNCIA SOCIOECONÔMICA
Authors: Antunes Fernanda Regina , Alves Francine Da Costa , Pina-Oliveira Alfredo Almeida , Apostolico Maíra Rosa , Puggina Ana Claudia
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: avaliar se as características socioeconômicas de alunos da saúde interferem na motivação no uso das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação.Método: estudo analítico realizado em 2015 com 713 alunos de graduação da área de saúde. Foi aplicada a Escala de Avaliação de Fatores de Motivação com Relação à Integração das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação ao Ensino em uma instituição de Ensino da Região metropolitana de São Paulo.Resultados: houve significância para o fator Desmotivação entre estudantes com companheiro estável. Menor renda familiar interferiu positivamente nos fatores Controle Externo e Controle Interno. Os semestres iniciais dos cursos implicaram em maiores médias no controle externo, controle interno, controle por identificação e na motivação intrínseca.Conclusão: o conhecimento da relação entre as características socioeconômicas e os fatores de motivação de estudantes em disciplinas totalmente a distância contribui para o planejamento de abordagens personalizadas e contextualizadas no ensino superior.
CADERNETA DE SAÚDE DA CRIANÇA: COORDENAÇÃO DO CUIDADO E ACESSO À SAÚDE
Authors: Rosolem Letícia Helena , Contiero-Toninato Ana Paula , Sanguino Gabriel Zanin , Bonati Poliana Castro de Resende , Rezende Valéria Dias , Mello Débora Falleiros de , Furtado Maria Cândida De Carvalho
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: analisar fatores associados ao preenchimento da caderneta de saúde da criança parafomentar a coordenação do cuidado e acesso à saúde.Método: estudo quantitativo, realizado entre janeiro e junho de 2016, em município paulista.Entrevistadas 284 mães e observadas as cadernetas de seus filhos; considerados significativosresultados com p< 0,05.Resultados: identificou-se baixo preenchimento para pré-natal (5%), dados do recém-nascido(40%), exames de triagem neonatal (10%) e alta hospitalar (6%). Escolaridade materna (p=0,006)foi fator associado ao correto preenchimento de dados do recém-nascido.Conclusão: a caderneta não tem sido fonte de dados para seguimento da atenção ao recém-nascidono município investigado. Favorecer continuidade da atenção após o nascimento e a execução deregistros adequados potencializa a coordenação do cuidado. O preenchimento desse instrumento,incorporado às práticas dos serviços e dos profissionais de saúde em todos os pontos da rede deatenção à criança, traz contribuições ao acesso à saúde.