bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lexicographical and Translation Issues in the Inclusion of English
Authors: Mateo Martinez José
Published: January 2017

This is a crossroads time for dictionaries in print in general and for bilingual dictionaries of Economics in printin particular. A time when the prevalence of information technologies supposedly makes access to specializedlexicographical information easier and faster. The present study first reviews briefly the current situation of bilingual dictionaries of Economics on paper and their viability in a near future. It then examines, with more detail, the specific lexicographical issue of incorporating (i.e. translating) English financial neonyms, which appear practically everyday in print and internet media, into English-Spanish/Spanish-English Dictionaries of Economics on paper, normally published in the lapse of years. This gap between the immediacy of the Internet and the delay of printing, seems to cause serious problems to bilingual lexicographers specialized in Economics especially when questionable translations of such neonyms are already circulating on the web. This, in addition to the ample presence of electronic glossaries and dictionaries, easily accessible by translators and professionals, but whose reliability, on the other hand, is not always guaranteed. Finally, a more active role is recommended to bilingual lexicographers in Economics by taking advantage of internet information media services and by joining efforts with finance experts and professionals.
Semantiske relasjoner i reformulering
Authors: Fløttum Kjersti
Published: January 2017

The object of study in this article is the analysis of microsemantic aspects of the reformulation sequence signalled by c'est-à-dire in written French. The aim of the work presented is to explain what language users do when producing reformulations and to clarify the relation between form and function in such operations. Five types of semantic relationships between the reformulated and the reformulating segments are introduced. These constitute the basis of a typology of reformulation functions. The article underlines the explanatory role of the semantic component in a global modular approach of the reformulation, where structural, pragmatic and textual factors are also considered.
Situationen i Sprog
Authors: Sørensen Finn
Published: January 2017

No abstract.
Making Zines: Re-Reading European Trash Cinema (1988–98)
Authors: Lázaro-Reboll Antonio
Published: January 2017

Discussion of the horror film fanzine culture of the 1980s and early 1990s has been dominated by an emphasis on questions around the politics of taste, considerations of subcultural capital and cultism in fan writing, and processes of cultural distinction and the circulation of forms of capital. Sconce‘s concept of paracinema has come to shape the conceptual approach to fanzines. The aim of this article is to refocus attention on other areas of fanzine production, providing a more nuanced and richer historicisation of these publications and the ways they contributed to the circulation, reception and consumption of European horror film. Focusing on the fanzine European Trash Cinema (1988–98) I propose a return to the actual cultural object – the printed zine – examining the networks of producers converging around, and writing about, Eurohorror films and related European trash cinematic forms, as well as the contents within the publication itself.
Genetic screen in Drosophila muscle identifies autophagy-mediated T-tubule remodeling and a Rab2 role in autophagy
Authors: Fujita Naonobu , Huang Wilson , Lin Tzu-han , Groulx Jean-Francois , Jean Steve , Nguyen Jen , Kuchitsu Yoshihiko , Koyama-Honda Ikuko , Mizushima Noboru , Fukuda Mitsunori , Kiger Amy A
Published: January 2017

Transverse (T)-tubules make-up a specialized network of tubulated muscle cell membranes involved in excitation-contraction coupling for power of contraction. Little is known about how T-tubules maintain highly organized structures and contacts throughout the contractile system despite the ongoing muscle remodeling that occurs with muscle atrophy, damage and aging. We uncovered an essential role for autophagy in T-tubule remodeling with genetic screens of a developmentally regulated remodeling program in Drosophila abdominal muscles. Here, we show that autophagy is both upregulated with and required for progression through T-tubule disassembly stages. Along with known mediators of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, our screens uncovered an unexpected shared role for Rab2 with a broadly conserved function in autophagic clearance. Rab2 localizes to autophagosomes and binds to HOPS complex members, suggesting a direct role in autophagosome tethering/fusion. Together, the high membrane flux with muscle remodeling permits unprecedented analysis both of T-tubule dynamics and fundamental trafficking mechanisms.
Dramatic effects of chlorine addition on expanding synthesis conditions for fluorine-free metal–organic decomposition YBa2Cu3Oy films
Authors: Motoki Takanori , Ikeda Shuhei , Honda Genki , Nagaishi Tatsuoki , Nakamura Shin-ichi , Shimoyama Jun-ichi
Published: January 2017

The synthesis conditions of fluorine-free metal–organic decomposition (FF-MOD)-processed YBa2Cu3O
y
(YBCO) films on buffered metallic substrates have been systematically investigated. Chlorine addition to the starting solution was found to be quite effective for expanding the synthesis conditions of highly c-axis-oriented YBCO films. YBCO films showing a high critical current, ∼100 A/cm (77 K, ∼0 T), were successfully obtained by sintering at 740 °C, which is ∼50 °C lower than the typical sintering temperature for FF-MOD-processed YBCO films. This strongly indicated that chlorine addition is promising for the development of long and homogeneous YBCO tapes even by sintering at a low temperature of ∼740 °C.
On the generation mechanisms of fluid‐driven seismic signals related to volcano‐tectonics
Authors: Fazio Marco , Benson Philip M. , Vinciguerra Sergio
Published: January 2017

The generation mechanics of fluid‐driven volcano seismic signals, and their evolution with time, remains poorly understood. We present a laboratory study aiming to better constrain the time evolution of such signals across temperature conditions 25 to 175°C in order to simulate a “bubbly liquid.” Simulations used pressures equivalent to volcanic edifices up to 1.6 km in depth using a triaxial deformation apparatus equipped with an array of acoustic emission sensors. We investigate the origin of fluid‐driven seismic signals by rapidly venting the pore pressure through a characterized damage zone. During the release of water at 25°C broadband signals were generated, with frequencies ranging from 50 to 160 kHz. However, the decompression of a water/steam phase at 175°C generated a bimodal spectrum of different signals, in the range 100–160 kHz. These new results are consistent with natural signals from active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna, and highlight the role of fluid and gas phases (such as bubbly liquids) in generating different types of volcano‐tectonic seismicity.
Schumann resonances at Mars: Effects of the day‐night asymmetry and the dust‐loaded ionosphere
Authors: Toledo‐Redondo S. , Salinas A. , Portí J. , Witasse O. , Cardnell S. , Fornieles J. , Molina‐Cuberos G. J. , Déprez G. , Montmessin F.
Published: January 2017

Schumann resonances are standing waves that oscillate in the electromagnetic cavity formed between the conducting lower ionosphere and the surface of the planet. They have been measured in situ only on Earth and Titan, although they are believed to exist on other planets like Mars. We report numerical simulations of the Martian electromagnetic cavity, accounting for the day‐night asymmetry and different dust scenarios. It has been found that the resonances are more energetic on the nightside, the first resonance is expected to be 9–14 Hz depending on the dust activity and to have low quality factors (Q≃2). This work serves as an input for the upcoming Exomars surface platform (launch 2020), who will attempt to measure them for the first time.
Assessment of simulated aerosol effective radiative forcings in the terrestrial spectrum
Authors: Heyn Irene , Block Karoline , Mülmenstädt Johannes , Gryspeerdt Edward , Kühne Philipp , Salzmann Marc , Quaas Johannes
Published: January 2017

In its fifth assessment report (AR5), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change provides a best estimate of the effective radiative forcing (ERF) due to anthropogenic aerosol at −0.9 W m−2. This value is considerably weaker than the estimate of −1.2 W m−2 in AR4. A part of the difference can be explained by an offset of +0.2 W m−2 which AR5 added to all published estimates that only considered the solar spectrum, in order to account for adjustments in the terrestrial spectrum. We find that, in the CMIP5 multimodel median, the ERF in the terrestrial spectrum is small, unless microphysical effects on ice‐ and mixed‐phase clouds are parameterized. In the latter case it is large but accompanied by a very strong ERF in the solar spectrum. The total adjustments can be separated into microphysical adjustments (aerosol “effects”) and thermodynamic adjustments. Using a kernel technique, we quantify the latter and find that the rapid thermodynamic adjustments of water vapor and temperature profiles are small. Observation‐based constraints on these model results are urgently needed.
Seismotectonics of the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain and Gorringe Bank, eastern Atlantic Ocean: Constraints from ocean bottom seismometer data
Authors: Grevemeyer Ingo , Lange Dietrich , Villinger Heinrich , Custódio Susana , Matias Luis
Published: January 2017

At the eastern end of the Azores‐Gloria transform fault system to the southwest of Portugal, the plate boundary between Africa and Iberia is a region where deformation is accommodated over a wide tectonically active area. The region has unleashed large earthquakes and tsunamis, including the Mw ~ 8.5 Great Lisbon earthquake of 1755. Although the source region of the 1755 earthquake is still disputed, most proposals include a source location in the vicinity of the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain (HAP), which is bounded by the 5000 m high Gorringe Bank (GB). In this study we characterize seismic activity in the region using data recorded by two local networks of ocean bottom seismometers. The networks were deployed in the eastern HAP and at the GB. The data set allowed the detection of 160 local earthquakes. These earthquakes cluster around the GB, to the SW of Cabo Sao Vicente, and in the HAP. Focal depths indicate deep‐seated earthquakes, with depths increasing from 20–35 km (mean of 26.1 ± 7.2 km) at the GB to 15–45 km (mean 31.5 km ± 10.5 km) under the HAP. Seismic activity thus extends down to levels that are deeper than those mapped by active seismic profiling, with the majority of events occurring within the mantle. Thermal modeling suggests that temperatures of approximately 600°C characterize the base of the seismogenic brittle lithosphere at ~45 km depth. The large source depth and thermal structure support previous suggestions that catastrophic seismic rupture through the lithospheric mantle may indeed occur in the area.
A fast hybrid (3‐D/1‐D) model for thermal radiative transfer in cirrus via successive orders of scattering
Authors: Fauchez Thomas , Davis Anthony B. , Cornet Céline , Szczap Fredéric , Platnick Steven , Dubuisson Philippe , Thieuleux François
Published: January 2017

We investigate the impact of cirrus cloud heterogeneity on the direct emission by cloud or surface and on the scattering by ice particles in the thermal infrared (TIR). Realistic 3‐D cirri are modeled with the 3DCLOUD code, and top‐of‐atmosphere radiances are simulated by the 3‐D Monte Carlo radiative transfer (RT) algorithm 3DMCPOL for two (8.65 μm and 12.05 μm) channels of the Imaging Infrared Radiometer on CALIPSO. At nadir, comparisons of 1‐D and 3‐D RT show that 3‐D radiances are larger than their 1‐D counterparts for direct emission but smaller for scattered radiation. For our cirrus cases, 99% of the 3‐D total radiance is computed by the third scattering order, which corresponds to 90% of the total computational effort, but larger optical thicknesses need more scattering orders. To radically accelerate the 3‐D RT computations (using only few percent of 3‐D RT time with a Monte Carlo code), even in the presence of large optical depths, we develop a hybrid model based on exact 3‐D direct emission, the first scattering order from 1‐D in each homogenized column, and an empirical adjustment linearly dependent on the optical thickness to account for higher scattering orders. Good agreement is found between the hybrid model and the exact 3‐D radiances for two very different cirrus models without changing the empirical parameters. We anticipate that a future deterministic implementation of the hybrid model will be fast enough to process multiangle thermal imagery in a practical tomographic reconstruction of 3‐D cirrus fields.
On the secular retention of ground water and ice on Mars
Authors: Grimm Robert E. , Harrison Keith P. , Stillman David E. , Kirchoff Michelle R.
Published: January 2017

Tropical ground ice on Mars undergoes long‐term sublimation and likely exospheric escape. Without restriction of sublimation, the cryosphere would eventually breach, leading to massive loss of any underlying groundwater. We seek to understand the conditions under which the ground‐ice seal, groundwater, and subsurface habitability are preserved. Using multireservoir models for the evolution of deuterium‐to‐hydrogen ratios, we derive a median estimate of the Hesperian‐Amazonian H2O loss of 60 m (interquartile range 30–120 m) global equivalent layer (GEL), neglecting magmatic degassing. Most of the loss may have been early, with consequent low loss in the “modern” cold and dry climate. We modeled global H2O transport within Mars following an assumed abrupt transition to modern conditions at 3 Ga. Sublimation is retarded (in order of decreasing priority) by higher obliquity, smaller porosity, higher tortuosity, lower heat flow, and smaller pore radius. Higher obliquity reduces H2O loss by decreasing tropical surface temperatures and raising global atmospheric water vapor. Time‐variable obliquities do not overly influence outcomes as long as the total duration <30° obliquity is <1 Gyr, with no interval longer than a few hundred million years. Decreased solar luminosity or a thicker CO2 atmosphere can also retard loss of subsurface H2O, whereas lower atmospheric water vapor accelerates sublimation. If Mars' post‐Noachian crustal H2O inventory was a few hundred meters GEL or more, then the modest loss since then implies that the cryospheric seal has been maintained following top down freezing and that groundwater likely exists globally on Mars today.
Phase Evolution during High Energy Cube Milling of Ti–6Al–4V–0.5 vol% TiC Powders Using Heptane and Tin as Process Control Agents (PCAs)
Authors: Babu N. Kishore , Kallip K. , Leparoux M. , Talari M. K. , AlOgab K. A. , Alqahtani N. M.
Published: January 2017

The present study investigated the influence of heptane and tin process control agents on cube milled Ti–6Al–4V + 0.5 Vol% TiC (Ti–6Al–4V–0.5TiC) powder. A smaller particle size and nar‐row particle distribution was observed for Ti–6Al–4V–0.5TiC powder milled with heptane, while the powder milled with tin showed relatively larger particle size and broader particle distribution due to the cold welding of particles. Hcp phase was observed in the Ti–6Al–4V–0.5TiC powder milled with tin. The formation of fcc Ti(C, H)metastable phase with high lattice strain and interstitial content in Ti–6Al–4V–0.5TiC powder milled with heptane, resulted in higher hardness compared to the powder milled with tin.
Thermal Properties of Two Dimensional Layered Materials
Authors: Wang Yuxi , Xu Ning , Li Deyu , Zhu Jia
Published: January 2017

The rise of graphene has motivated intensive investigation into other two‐dimensional layered materials (2DLMs). In addition to their superior optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, 2DLMs have also demonstrated intriguing thermal properties, the understanding of which is not only fundamentally important but also critical to enabling widespread applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and energy conversion and storage devices. Here, we review recent progress in the thermal transport of 2DLMs. Indeed, due to unique and diversified two dimensional crystal structures and the contribution of different phonon modes to thermal transport, while the family of 2DLMs share common thermal properties, such as layer‐dependent thermal conductivity, each member also has unique features related to thermal transport. Ultimately, the unusual and rich thermal properties of two‐dimensional materials can lay a solid foundation for understanding new phonon transport physics and potentially lead to novel applications in various emerging fields.
Photoinduced Tetrazole‐Based Functionalization of Off‐Stoichiometric Clickable Microparticles
Authors: Wang Chen , Zieger Markus M. , Schenzel Alexander , Wegener Martin , Willenbacher Johannes , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Bowman Christopher N.
Published: January 2017

We report the preparation of tetrazole‐containing step‐growth microparticles and the subsequent use of photoinduced nitrile imine‐mediated tetrazole‐ene cycloaddition (NITEC) reactions on the particles with spatiotemporal control. Microparticles with an average diameter of 4.1 µm and with inherent tetrazole‐ene dual functionality are prepared by a one‐pot off‐stoichiometric thiol‐Michael addition dispersion polymerization. The NITEC reaction is performed efficiently in the solid phase by UV irradiation, leading to the formation of fluorescent pyrozoline adducts, with an estimated quantum yield of 0.7. Particle concentration‐independent reaction kinetics are observed and full conversion is reached within 10 min of UV exposure at an intensity of 8 mW cm−2. Temporal control is demonstrated with either UV or rooftop sunlight irradiation of variable duration. By using two‐photon writing with a laser centered around 700 nm wavelength, spatial control is demonstrated with micrometer‐scale resolution via surface patterning of the microparticles. Further, microparticles with exclusive tetrazole functionality are prepared by a one‐pot, two‐step thiol‐Michael addition dispersion polymerization. The NITEC reaction between tetrazole‐functional particles and acrylates in solution is examined at various tetrazole/alkene molar ratios, and a 10:1 excess of alkenes in solution is found necessary for efficient functionalization.
Corrosion‐Resistant Superhydrophobic Coatings on Mg Alloy Surfaces Inspired by Lotus Seedpod
Authors: Zang Dongmian , Zhu Ruiwen , Zhang Wen , Yu Xinquan , Lin Ling , Guo Xinglin , Liu Mingjie , Jiang Lei
Published: January 2017

Superhydrophobic surfaces are widely found in nature, inspiring the development of excellent antiwater surfaces with barrier coatings isolating the underlying materials from the external environment. Here, the naturally occurring superhydrophobicity of lotus seedpod surfaces is reported. Protective coatings that mimic the lotus seedpod are fabricated on AZ91D Mg alloy surfaces with the synergistic effect of robust superhydrophobicity and durable corrosion resistance. The predesigned titanium dioxide films are coated on AZ91D by an in situ hydrothermal synthesis technique. Through sonication assisted electroless plating combined with a self‐assembling method, the densely packed Cu‐thiolate layers are uniformly plated with robust adhesion on the Mg alloy substrate, which function as a superhydrophobic barrier that can hold back the transport of water and corrosive ions contained such as Cl−. Notably, the two extreme wetting behaviors (superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity) as well as corrosion resistance and improved corrosion resistance can be easily controlled by removal of the hydrophobic materials (n‐dodecanethiol) at elevated temperature (350 °C) and modifying them at room temperature for 18 cycles, indicative of exceptional adhesion between the superhydrophobic coating and the underlying AZ91D Mg alloy.
Self‐Assembled Peptide‐ and Protein‐Based Nanomaterials for Antitumor Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Abbas Manzar , Zou Qianli , Li Shukun , Yan Xuehai
Published: January 2017

Tremendous interest in self‐assembly of peptides and proteins towards functional nanomaterials has been inspired by naturally evolving self‐assembly in biological construction of multiple and sophisticated protein architectures in organisms. Self‐assembled peptide and protein nanoarchitectures are excellent promising candidates for facilitating biomedical applications due to their advantages of structural, mechanical, and functional diversity and high biocompability and biodegradability. Here, this review focuses on the self‐assembly of peptides and proteins for fabrication of phototherapeutic nanomaterials for antitumor photodynamic and photothermal therapy, with emphasis on building blocks, non‐covalent interactions, strategies, and the nanoarchitectures of self‐assembly. The exciting antitumor activities achieved by these phototherapeutic nanomaterials are also discussed in‐depth, along with the relationships between their specific nanoarchitectures and their unique properties, providing an increased understanding of the role of peptide and protein self‐assembly in improving the efficiency of photodynamic and photothermal therapy.
Dual‐curing thermosetting monomer containing both propargyl ether and phthalonitrile groups
Authors: Bulgakov B. A. , Sulimov A. V. , Babkin A. V. , Kepman A. V. , Malakho A. P. , Avdeev V. V.
Published: January 2017

Novel self‐curing monomer containing two thermosetting groups, namely propargyl ether and phthalonitrile (PN) in a molecular structure, is synthesized and investigated. The study of catalyzed and uncatalyzed curing is performed and high heat release during curing is observed. This disadvantage can be adjusted by catalysis of propargyl ether polymerization with Ni (II), Co (II), and Cu (II) salts. The cured monomer possesses high thermal properties featured to phthalonitrile matrices (Heat deflection temperature, HDT = 428 °C, T5% = 499 °C) and moderate mechanical properties (E = 4.9 ± 0.65 GPa, GIC = 106 ± 26 J/m2), it can be applied as a high temperature matrix for carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). Low melt viscosity (223 mPa s at 120 °C) of the monomer provides a possibility to consider its application for composite material formation by vacuum infusion or resin transfer molding (RTM) techniques, which are exceptionally rarely applied for matrices with HDT > 300 °C but allow to obtain composites of complex shape with minimal joining parts. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 133, 44786.
An autonomous self‐healing hydrogel based on surfactant‐free hydrophobic association
Authors: Owusu‐Nkwantabisah Silas , Gillmor Jeffrey R. , Switalski Steven C. , Slater Gary L.
Published: January 2017

Self‐healing hydrogels are attractive for a variety of applications including wound dressings and coatings. This paper describes the facile preparation and characterization of an autonomous self‐healing hydrogel system comprising surfactant‐free hydrophobic associations. The hydrogel comprised a copolymer of benzyl methacrylate (B), octadecyl methacrylate (O), and methacrylic acid (MA). The hydrogels were prepared via a controlled dehydration procedure to achieve the formation of strong intermolecular hydrophobic associations of the octadecyl groups above a critical polymer concentration. Fractured hydrogels healed within 30 min without any external intervention. Increasing hydrogel polymer content from 31 wt % to 39 wt % resulted in a threefold increase in the shear modulus and 50% reduction of the relaxation time. Addition of 4 mM NaCl to a hydrogel of 31 wt % polymer content resulted in 2.5 times longer relaxation time and 24% decrease in shear modulus. The hydrogels swelled up water by up to four times its weight, which corroborates the robustness of the hydrophobic association crosslinks. The bulk properties of the hydrogels are discussed in terms of the hydrophobic associations of the O‐groups and the electrostatic interaction of the MA‐groups in the polymer chains. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44800.
Chloro Derivatives of Azafullerenes C59NCl5 and Non‐Classical C97NCl21
Authors: Markov Vitaliy Yu. , Troyanov Sergey I.
Published: January 2017

High‐temperature chlorination of HPLC fullerene fractions containing mainly C92/C94 and C102/C104 resulted in the isolation and X‐ray structural characterization of chloro derivatives of azafullerenes, C59NCl5 and C97NCl21. It was assumed that formation of azafullerenes in the arc‐discharge synthesis of fullerenes occurred due to air leakage into the reactor. The molecule of C59NCl5 contains an isolated aromatic pyrrole ring on the fullerene cage and possesses C5v symmetrical shape typical of other known C59NR5 derivatives. The molecule of non‐classical (NC) C97N(NC)Cl21 contains an NC6 heptagon on the azafullerene cage that assumes its formation by a C2 loss from C99N in the course of chlorination. The chlorination pattern is characterized by the presence of stabilizing isolated aromatic systems and isolated double C=C bonds on the C97N(NC) azafullerene cage.
Acetoin production via unbalanced fermentation in Shewanella oneidensis
Authors: Bursac Thea , Gralnick Jeffrey A. , Gescher Johannes
Published: January 2017

This study describes the realization of an anoxic acetoin production process using the proteobacterium Shewanella oneidensis. Fermentative processes are of high biotechnological relevance since they offer high productivity and a low percentage of substrate consumption for anabolic processes. Nevertheless, the range of compounds that can be produced as sole end product of a fermentative process is limited, since the average oxidation state of substrate and products has to be identical in the absence of an external electron acceptor. This limitation could be overcome by the transfer of the surplus of electrons to a poised electrode surface, which of note is the only known anaerobic electron acceptor that cannot be depleted. In the first genetic engineering step, deletion mutants were developed that are devoid of either one, two, or all three prophages in their genome with the aim to construct a more stable chassis strain for microbe‐electrode interaction, due to less prophage induced cell lysis (Gödeke et al., 2011). Current production in a bioelectrochemical system together with the analysis of cells on the anode surface were used as surrogate for the stability assessment. The λ‐prophage deletion mutant produced overall 1.34fold more current (6.7 μA cm−2) than the wild type and all other constructed strains and showed with 1.1 × 1011 cells the highest cell density on the anode surface (2.3fold more than the wild type). The strain was further modified to contain codon optimized versions of acetolactate synthase and acetolactate decarboxylase derived from Bacillus subtilis. This allowed for the production of a mixture of acetoin and acetate from lactate in an almost 0.4:1 ratio. Further process improvement was reached by the deletion of the acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase genes ackA/pta. The acetoin yield increased in this mutant from 40 to 86% of the theoretical maximum and acetoin was the only detectable end product. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1283–1289. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Objective physical and mental markers of self‐reported fatigue in women undergoing (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for early‐stage breast cancer
Authors: Mortimer Joanne E. , Waliany Sarah , Dieli‐Conwright Christina M. , Patel Sunita K. , Hurria Arti , Chao Joseph , Tiep Brian , Behrendt Carolyn E.
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Objective, treatment‐independent markers of cancer‐related fatigue are needed to advance clinical trials. In the current study, the authors evaluated physical, neurocognitive, and serologic markers for correlation with self‐reported fatigue before and after (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with early‐stage breast cancer.

METHODS

Women with AJCC TNM Stage I‐III breast cancer consented to assessment before and after the completion of 4 cycles of dose‐dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Assessment included self‐reported fatigue (using the Brief Fatigue Inventory), depression (using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale [CES‐D]), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 28 objective measures (grip strength in dominant and nondominant hands, 6‐minute walk, daily total energy expenditure, 14 neurocognitive tests, and 10 serologic markers). Generalized linear regression models of fatigue were constructed (1 model per marker), and adjusted for depression, timing before/after chemotherapy, menopausal status, obesity, and educational level. P values were adjusted to control the False Discovery Rate.

RESULTS

Of 28 subjects, 3 withdrew without completing baseline assessments. Prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy data were available for the evaluation of physical measures (25 subjects aged 50.6 ± 9.5 years), neurocognitive tests (22 subjects), and serologic markers (10 subjects). On covariate‐adjusted analysis, interleukin (IL)‐12 was found to be associated with fatigue at both assessments (P<.01). Serum eotaxin (P < .01), IL‐1RA (P < .01), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) (P<.01), and performance on 2 neurocognitive (Trail Making) tests (P<.01 and P = .02, respectively) were found to be inversely associated with fatigue before chemotherapy but not afterward, whereas daily energy expenditure, serum MCP‐1, and serum macrophage inflammatory protein 1a (MIP‐1a) were found to be associated with fatigue after receipt of chemotherapy but not before (P<.01 for each). The association between energy expenditure and fatigue was detectable only if an actively athletic subject with outlier values of energy expenditure was excluded.

CONCLUSIONS

Serum IL‐12 merits confirmatory testing as an objective, treatment‐independent measure of fatigue in patients with early‐stage breast cancer. Cancer 2017;123:1810–1816. © 2017 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Multiphoton microscope measurement–based biphasic multiscale analyses of knee joint articular cartilage and chondrocyte by using visco‐anisotropic hyperelastic finite element method and smoothed particle hydrodynamics method
Authors: Nakamachi Eiji , Noma Tomohiro , Nakahara Kaito , Tomita Yoshihiro , Morita Yusuke
Published: January 2017

The articular cartilage of a knee joint has a variety of functions including dispersing stress and absorbing shock in the tissue and lubricating the surface region of cartilage. The metabolic activity of chondrocytes under the cyclic mechanical stimulations regenerates the morphology and function of tissues. Hence, the stress evaluation of the chondrocyte is a vital subject to assess the regeneration cycle in the normal walking condition and predict the injury occurrence in the accidents. Further, the threshold determination of stress for the chondrocytes activation is valuable for development of regenerative bioreactor of articular cartilage. In this study, in both macroscale and microscale analyses, the dynamic explicit finite element (FE) method was used for the solid phase and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used for the fluid phase. In the homogenization procedure, the representative volume element for the microscale finite element model was derived by using the multiphoton microscope measured 3D structure comprising 3 different layers: surface, middle, and deep layers. The layers had different anisotropic structural and rigidity characteristics because of the collagen fiber orientation. In both macroscale and microscale FE analyses, the visco‐anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive law was used. Material properties were identified by experimentally determined stress‐strain relationships of 3 layers. With respect to the macroscale and microscale SPH models for non‐Newtonian viscous fluid, the previous observation results of interstitial fluid and proteoglycan were used to perform parameter identifications. Biphasic multiscale FE and SPH analyses were conducted under normal walking conditions. Therefore, the hydrostatic and shear stresses occurring in the chondrocytes caused by the compressive load and shear viscous flow were evaluated. These stresses will be used to design an ex‐vivo bioreactor to regenerate the damaged articular cartilage, where chondrocytes are seeded in the culture chamber. To know the stress occurred on and in the chondrocytes is vitally important not only to understand the normal metabolic activity of the chondrocyte but also to develop a bioreactor of articular cartilage regeneration as the knee joint disease treatment.
Privacy‐ensuring electronic health records in the cloud
Authors: Souza S. M. P. C. , Gonçalves R. F. , Leonova E. , Puttini R. S. , Nascimento A. C. A.
Published: January 2017

Despite the evident benefits of the access to virtually unlimited computational resources in cloud environments, enterprises and researchers still face upending challenges when deploying applications that deal with sensitive information to the cloud. That is specially true for medical or tax records, for which there are strong legal restrictions to data escrow. In these cases one must be certain that a third party, such as the cloud provider, will never have access to the data. This work presents a solid access control framework that uses hybrid cryptography at client‐side and a two‐factor authentication technique to guarantee a secure key management protocol. We also demonstrate the use of homomorphic and order‐preserving encryption as a viable solution for the computation of regular searches over electronic health records in the cloud, while preserving the confidentiality of clinical data and the privacy of patients, even in the face of a semi‐honest, or “honest, but curious,” cloud provider. We introduce a trusted element, a browser extension, to prevent attacks from malicious cloud providers. The result is evaluated through a full‐featured prototype that manages health records modeled with a few OpenEHR archetypes. The prototype can be easily extended to handle any data structure modeled with OpenEHR.
A novel “top‐down” strategy for preparing organosilica micelle encapsulating multiple hydrophobic quantum dots as efficient fluorescent label
Authors: Liu Hongxin , Liang Yuan , Li Nana , Wu Gang
Published: January 2017

Organosilica micelle incorporating multiple hydrophobic CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) was prepared by a surfactant free microemulsion approach assisted by ultrasonication. The size of emulsion droplets along with their QDs loading amount was controlled and determined by QDs concentration in alkylsilane. Sodium silicate deposition was important in transforming the amorphous micelles into spherical beads with well defined QDs/SiO2 structure. These QD micelles were subsequently modified with epoxy group by silane coupling and covalently conjugated to transferrin. After incubated with Hela cells, these fluorescent micelles were detected as bright clusters in cells, which demonstrated the efficient cell internalization of these functionalized particles.
Refuge or predation risk? Alternate ways to perceive hiker disturbance based on maternal state of female caribou
Authors: Lesmerises Frédéric , Johnson Chris J. , St‐Laurent Martin‐Hugues
Published: January 2017

Human presence in natural environments is often a source of stress that is perceived by large ungulates as an increased risk of predation. Alternatively, disturbance induced by hikers creates a relatively predator‐free space that may serve as a refuge. We measured the behavioral responses of female caribou to disturbance associated with the presence of hikers during summer in the Gaspésie National Park. We used those data to determine whether caribou responded negatively to human activity (i.e., the predation risk hypothesis) or whether human activity resulted in a decrease in the magnitude of perceived risk (i.e., the refuge hypothesis). Female caribou with a calf spent nearly half of their time feeding, regardless of the presence of a trail or the number of hikers. They also decreased their vigilance near trails when the number of hikers increased. Conversely, lone females fed less frequently and almost doubled the time invested in vigilance under the same circumstances. However, both groups of females moved away from trails during the day, especially in the presence of hikers. We demonstrated that risk avoidance was specific to the maternal state of the individual. Lactating females accommodated the presence of hikers to increase time spent foraging and nutritional intake, providing support for the refuge hypothesis. Alternatively, lone females with lower energetic requirements and no maternal investment in a vulnerable calf appeared less tolerant to risk, consistent with the predation risk hypothesis. Synthesis and applications: Hikers influenced the vigilance–feeding trade‐off in caribou, underlining the importance of appropriate management of linear structures and human activities, especially across the critical habitat of endangered species. Even if some individuals seemed to benefit from human presence, this behavioral adaptation was not sufficient to reduce annual calf mortality associated with predation.
The Impact of Resource Protection on the Transformation of Property Regimes: The cases of Moose hunting and Cod fishing in Norway
Authors: Rysstad Sigurd , Aarset Bernt
Published: January 2017

Moose and cod, two traditional natural resources in Norway, exhibited remarkable growth rates in biomass beginning in the 1950s (moose) and 1990s (cod). We explore the evolution of governance institutions for these two resource systems, utilizing a combined longitudinal and comparative approach. We propose that the evolution of species‐specific property regimes paved the way for public governance institutions. While the institutional set‐ups of the property regimes differ for cod and moose resources, responses to critical resource conditions include limitation of access and withdrawal, and increased transferability. The development of the institutions governing these two resources develops towards closure along similar lines set off by endogenous incidents, but the processes are not historically coordinated. We argue that a closed proportional cooperative creates a relative stability in the management of both common pool resources. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
High‐Pressure Synthesis and Magnetic Behavior of A‐Site Columnar‐Ordered Double Perovskites, LnMn(Ga0.5Ti0.5)2O6 (Ln = Sm, Gd)
Authors: Shimura Gen , Niwa Ken , Shirako Yuichi , Hasegawa Masashi
Published: January 2017

A‐site columnar‐ordered double perovskites, LnMn(Ga0.5Ti0.5)2O6 (Ln = Sm, Gd), were successfully synthesized under high pressure and high temperature (6 GPa, 1375 K). From the synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction patterns, all of the diffraction peaks can be indexed by the P42/nmc space group with lattice parameters a, c ≈ 2ap (ap: primitive cubic perovskite lattice) and no ordering of the B‐site cations. Rietveld analysis of the synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction patterns and Curie–Weiss fitting of their magnetizations reveal that the ionic formulae of these perovskites are Ln3+Mn2+(Ga3+0.5Ti4+0.5)2O2–6. SmMn(Ga0.5Ti0.5)2O6 shows canted‐antiferromagnetic behavior, whereas GdMn(Ga0.5Ti0.5)2O6 exhibits two different magnetic states at low temperature depending on the applied magnetic field and shows an unusual magnetization curve. These magnetic behaviors originate by decreasing the antiferromagnetic interaction by substituting Ga3+(d10) for Ti4+(d0) and by decreasing the ferromagnetic interaction between columnar‐ordered Ln3+ and Mn2+.
Logic digital fluidic in miniaturized functional devices: Perspective to the next generation of microfluidic lab‐on‐chips
Authors: Zhang Qiongdi , Zhang Ming , Djeghlaf Lyas , Bataille Jeanne , Gamby Jean , Haghiri‐Gosnet Anne‐Marie , Pallandre Antoine
Published: January 2017

Microfluidics has emerged following the quest for scale reduction inherent to micro‐ and nanotechnologies. By definition, microfluidics manipulates fluids in small channels with dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers. Recently, microfluidics has been greatly developed and its influence extends not only the domains of chemical synthesis, bioanalysis, and medical researches but also optics and information technology. In this review article, we will shortly discuss an enlightening analogy between electrons transport in electronics and fluids transport in microfluidic channels. This analogy helps to master transport and sorting. We will present some complex microfluidic devices showing that the analogy is going a long way off toward more complex components with impressive similarities between electronics and microfluidics. We will in particular explore the vast manifold of fluidic operations with passive and active fluidic components, respectively, as well as the associated mechanisms and corresponding applications. Finally, some relevant applications and an outlook will be cited and presented.
Experimental–numerical investigation on the seismic behaviour of moment‐resisting timber frames with densified veneer wood‐reinforced timber joints and expanded tube fasteners
Authors: van Bakel R. , Rinaldin G. , Leijten A. J. M. , Fragiacomo M.
Published: January 2017

This paper investigates the seismic behaviour of moment‐resisting timber frames with beam‐column joints fastened with expanded tubes and reinforced with densified veneer wood. Laboratory experiments are carried out on single joints to investigate the cyclic behaviour and, more specifically, the impairment of strength, the ductility ratio and the equivalent viscous damping ratio. A phenomenological numerical model is proposed, where the beams and columns are schematized using linear‐elastic beam elements, and the joints with non‐linear hysteretic spring calibrated on the results of the experimental tests. The model is used to analyse some representative moment‐transmitting structures characterised by different number of bays and storeys. After an estimation of the lateral load‐carrying capacity using a pushover analysis, the numerical model is used to estimate the behaviour factor. An incremental dynamic analysis is performed using a set of accelerograms spectrum consistent with a chosen design spectrum. The analyses lead to an estimation of the behaviour factor of 3 and 6 for a portal frame and a five‐storey, three‐bay frame, respectively, which confirms the highly dissipative behaviour of this kind of moment connection. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic wireless network shaping via moving cells: The nomadic nodes case
Authors: Tsoulos George , Bulakci Ömer , Zarbouti Dimitra , Athanasiadou Georgia , Kaloxylos Alexandros
Published: January 2017

Within the Fifth Generation framework of dynamic network topology and moving cells, the nomadic node (NN) concept is seen as a promising paradigm to provide coverage extension and capacity improvement on demand as well as to attain reduced capital expenditure and operational expenditure when compared with fixed‐node deployment, such as microcells. This paper proposes an enabling architecture for the NN operation in the framework of a wireless network, and then analyzes the physical layer aspects of the problem and investigates the performance of NN operation in the context of a realistic multi‐cellular wireless network, with the help of site‐specific propagation modeling and real geographical databases.

The produced results provide useful insights into the performance of the NN operation; the results show that the NN operation is beneficial both in line‐of‐sight and non‐line‐of‐sight scenarios and demonstrate that the NN selection strategy, which is based on the backhaul signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio with a 10 dB power window, offers almost identical performance with the optimum end‐to‐end throughput algorithm.
A high‐order backward forward sweep interpolating algorithm for semi‐Lagrangian method
Authors: Mortezazadeh Mohammad , Wang Liangzhu Leon
Published: January 2017

Conventional semi‐Lagrangian methods often suffer from poor accuracy and imbalance problems of advected properties because of low‐order interpolation schemes used and/or inability to reduce both dissipation and dispersion errors even with high‐order schemes. In the current work, we propose a fourth‐order semi‐Lagrangian method to solve the advection terms at a computing cost of third‐order interpolation scheme by applying backward and forward interpolations in an alternating sweep manner. The method was demonstrated for solving 1‐D and 2‐D advection problems, and 2‐D and 3‐D lid‐driven cavity flows with a multi‐level V‐cycle multigrid solver. It shows that the proposed method can reduce both dissipation and dispersion errors in all regions, especially near sharp gradients, at a same accuracy as but less computing cost than the typical fourth‐order interpolation because of fewer grids used. The proposed method is also shown able to achieve more accurate results on coarser grids than conventional linear and other high‐order interpolation schemes in the literature. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orbital‐scale droughts in central‐northern Mexico during the late Quaternary and comparison with other subtropical and tropical records
Authors: Quiroz‐Jiménez Jesús David , Roy Priyadarsi D. , Beramendi‐Orosco Laura E. , Lozano‐García Socorro , Vázquez‐Selem Lorenzo
Published: January 2017

Palaeoclimate research in subtropical arid Mexico is mainly focused to infer dynamics and geographic distributions of different precipitation regimes, but droughts have received less attention. We present a new sedimentary core record indicating orbital‐scale dynamics of droughts that occurred in central‐northern Mexico during the late Quaternary. This record is reconstructed from abundances of authigenic carbonate and windblown clastic sediments in a 1026‐cm‐long sediment core from the Santiaguillo ephemeral lake. The Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 lacked drought, and at least two different droughts were centred at c. 13.5 ka and at c. 7 ka during the MIS 1. The drought of c. 13.5 ka in the Santiaguillo ephemeral lake was contemporary to an interval of droughts in the Basin of Mexico (central Mexico) and stronger aeolian activity in the Baja California peninsula (northwestern Mexico). This synchronous arid condition, observed in the subtropical as well as tropical Mexico, occurred during an interval of higher spring insolation, relatively warmer but fluctuating global temperature, and stronger El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. Unsuccessful radiocarbon dating for the lower part of the sediment core led to an assignment of uncertain chronology to droughts that occurred possibly between MIS 5 and MIS 3. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.