bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proyectos de integración, capitalismo global y “Plan Belgrano” en Argentina
Authors: Merino Gabriel , Adriani Héctor Luis
Published: June 2020

El capital transnacional tiene como protagonistas a las cadenas globales de valor (CGV), comandadas por un conjunto de actores de escala global, que monopolizan la tecnología avanzada, el capital-dinero y el conocimiento estratégico para controlar los nodos centrales del proceso de acumulación del capital. Estas nuevas formas de producción capitalista y el desarrollo de actores transnacionales ponen en crisis el sistema institucional clásico del Estado nación, produciendo un tipo de territorialidad global y una nueva estatalidad que modifica el sistema interestatal, a la vez que modifican las relaciones de poder centro-periferia. En una situación de transición histórica mundial, la vieja periferia y algunos de los viejos territorios centrales se debaten entre el proyecto ‘globalista’ y el desarrollo de bloques de poder relativamente autónomos. En dicho escenario, América Latina se ve tensionada por diferentes estrategias de integración, por los recientes cambios políticos que volvieron a fortalecer las políticas neoliberales, el modelo de integración del regionalismo abierto y la inserción territorial subordinada de las regiones a través de políticas como la del Plan Belgrano en Argentina.
An Unambiguous Separation of Gamma-Ray Bursts into Two Classes from Prompt Emission Alone
Authors: Jespersen Christian K. , Severin Johann B. , Steinhardt Charles L. , Vinther Jonas , Fynbo Johan P. U. , Selsing Jonatan , Watson Darach
Published: June 2020

The duration of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) is a key indicator of its physical origin, with long bursts perhaps associated with the collapse of massive stars and short bursts with mergers of neutron stars. However, there is substantial overlap in the properties of both short and long GRBs and neither duration nor any other parameter so far considered completely separates the two groups. Here we unambiguously classify every GRB using a machine-learning dimensionality reduction algorithm, t-distributed stochastic neighborhood embedding, providing a catalog separating all Swift GRBs into two groups. Although the classification takes place only using prompt emission light curves, every burst with an associated supernova is found in the longer group and bursts with kilonovae in the short, suggesting along with the duration distributions that these two groups are truly long and short GRBs. Two bursts with a clear absence of a supernova belong to the longer class, indicating that these might have been direct-collapse black holes, a proposed phenomenon that may occur in the deaths of more massive stars.
Optical Observations Reveal Strong Evidence for High-energy Neutrino Progenitor
Authors: Lipunov V. M. , Kornilov V. G. , Zhirkov K. , Gorbovskoy E. , Budnev N. M. , Buckley D. A. H. , Rebolo R. , Serra-Ricart M. , Podesta R. , Tyurina N . , Gress O. , Sergienko Y. , Yurkov V. , Gabovich A. , Balanutsa P. , Gorbunov I. , Vlasenko D. , Balakin F. , Topolev V. , Pozdnyakov A. , Kuznetsov A. , Vladimirov V. , Chasovnikov A. , Kuvshinov D. , Grinshpun V. , Minkina E. , Petkov V. B. , Svertilov S. I. , Lopez C. , Podesta F. , Levato H. , Tlatov A. , Van Soelen B. , Razzaque S , Böttcher M.
Published: June 2020

We present the earliest astronomical observation of a high-energy neutrino error box of which the variability was discovered after high-energy-neutrino detection. The one robotic telescope of the MASTER global international networks automatically imaged the error box of the very high-energy-neutrino event IceCube-170922A. Observations were carried out in minutes after the IceCube-170922A neutrino event was detected by the IceCube observatory at the South Pole. MASTER found the blazar TXS 0506+056 to be in the off-state after one minute and then switched to the on-state no later than two hours after the event. The effect is observed at a 50σ significance level. We also present own a unique 16 yr light curve of blazar TXS 0506+056 (518 data set).
Antiaging Activity of Gel Preparation Containing Three Varieties of Passion Fruit Peel Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Nazliniwaty Nazliniwaty , Harun Fathur Rahman , Putra Effendy De Lux , Nerdy Nerdy
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Antiaging cosmetics are cosmetics that can prevent or correct the signs of premature aging. Passion fruit (Passiflora sp.) peel is an agricultural waste contains polyphenol compounds and flavonoids which are a source of natural antioxidants to prevent premature aging. The passion fruit peel extract formulated into gel preparations which can increase the economic value of the passion fruit peel waste.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to test the antiaging activity of gel preparations containing ethanolic extracts of purple, red, and yellow passion fruit on experimental animal skins with several parameters (wrinkle, melanin, pore, moisture, and elasticity).
METHODS: Gel was made by adding passion fruit peel extract with several concentrations (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, and 0.25%) in gel base. The blank used is a gel base without extracts. Measurement of wrinkle, black pigment (melanin), pore size, moisture content, and elasticity was performed using a skin analyzer. The use of gel is done 2 times a day for 28 days.
RESULTS: Gel with purple, red, and yellow passion fruit peel extract can be formulated into gel preparations. The higher concentration of passion fruit peel extract shows a higher antiaging activity. Gel preparations with purple, red, and yellow passion fruit peel extract, respectively, show the recovery of wrinkle 16.16%, 8.73%, and 6.49%; recovery of melanin 20.11%, 10.75%, and 8.06%; recovery of pore 18.78%, 10.15%, and 7.69%; recovery of moisture 32.74%, 17.70%, and 13.04%; and recovery of elasticity 30.08%, 16.13%, and 12.30%.
CONCLUSIONS: The highest antiaging activity was given by gel preparations containing purple passion fruit peel extract and the lowest antiaging activity was given by gel preparations with yellow passion fruit peel extracts.
Conservation status of Italian coastal dune habitats in the light of the 4th Monitoring Report (92/43/EEC Habitats Directive)
Authors: Prisco Irene , Angiolini Claudia , Assini Silvia , Buffa Gabriella , Gigante Daniela , Marcenò Corrado , Sciandrello Saverio , Villani Mariacristina , Acosta Alicia T.R.
Published: June 2020

Coastal dunes are among habitats with the worst conservation status on a global, European and national scale. Monitoring and reporting are of strategic importance to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of Habitats Directive and to preserve the unique biodiversity heritage of the Italian dunes. In this study we show main results of the 4th National Report with specific reference to the macro-habitat “Coastal Sand Dunes and Inland Dunes”, highlighting its updated current conservation status at the national and Biogeographical level. A comprehensive Working Group of territorial experts collected, updated, validated and integrated the data available for 11 Annex I Habitats, distributed in the Alpine, Continental and Mediterranean Biogeographical Regions. The conservation status was evaluated through the following criteria: geographic range, surface area, structure, functions, pressures, threats, conservation measures and prospects. Results highlighted the dramatically bad conservation status of Italian dune Habitats: the overall assessment reported 88% of habitats in bad conservation status and the remaining 12% is in inadequate conditions. Results showed a generalised threat and a worrying conservation status both on herbaceous and wooded communities, in particular in some relevant habitats, such as the shifting dunes. Main pressures and threats were linked to residential, commercial and industrial activities, as well as alien species. Although some of the changes in distribution and trends are probably deriving from more accurate and updated data, the alarming conservation status of Italian sand dunes requires a better knowledge of pressures and threats for further management actions and monitoring plans, inside and outside protected areas.
A surprising new genus and species of cave-adapted Plusiocampinae Cycladiacampa irakleiae (Diplura, Campodeidae) from Irakleia Island, Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Archipelago (Greece)
Authors: Sendra Alberto , Nikoloudakis Ioannis , Gavalas Ioannis , Selfa Jesús , Paragamian Kaloust
Published: June 2020

The surprising discovery ofCycladiacampa irakleiae, a new genus and species, a cave-adapted campodeid dipluran highlights the paleobiogeographical importance of the insular Aegean cave-ecosystems. This new dipluran genus inhabits with other noticeable endemic cave-adapted invertebrate species in the isolated Spilaio Agiou Ioanni cave in Irakleia, a small island in the centre of the Cyclades Archipelago.C. irakleiaegen. nov. et sp. nov.is related with Stygiocampa species, a subgenus of Plusiocampa genus, with hereto six cave-adapted species inhabiting karst areas in Dinaric and the Rhopode Mountains. These species share similarities such as the absence of mesonotal and metanotal macrosetae, the abundance and shape of urosternal macrosetae, as well as the lack of medial posterior macrosetae on mesonotum and metanotum. This can be explained by a common ancestor that probably originated from Asia and expanded its distribution to the fragmented Europe since the Eocene-Oligocene, colonizing cave habitats in recent periods.Cycladiacampa irakleiaeis a remarkable addition to the fauna of the cave of Irakleia and should raise awareness on the need to enhance the study and conservation of the cave’s natural heritage.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Maller Justine , Fox Emily , Park K.T. , Paul Sarah Sertial , Baszis Kevin , Borocco Charlotte , Prahalad Sampath , Quartier Pierre , Reinhardt Adam , Schonenberg-Meinema Dieneke , Shipman-Duensing Lauren , Terreri Maria Teresa , Simard Julia , Lavi Idit , Chalom Elizabeth , Hsu Joyce , Zisman Devy , Mellins Elizabeth D.
Published: June 2020

Objective

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is higher than in the general pediatric population. However, reports of IBD in the systemic JIA (sJIA) subtype are limited. We sought to characterize sJIA patients diagnosed with IBD and to identify potential contributing risk factors.

Methods

Using an internationally distributed survey, we identified 16 patients with sJIA who were subsequently diagnosed with IBD (sJIA-IBD cohort). Five hundred twenty-two sJIA patients without IBD were identified from the CARRA Legacy Registry and served as the sJIA-only cohort for comparison. Differences in demographic, clinical characteristics, and therapy were assessed using chi-square test, Fisher exact test,t-test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression, as appropriate.

Results

Of the patients with sJIA-IBD, 75% had a persistent sJIA course and 25% had a history of macrophage activation syndrome. sJIA-IBD subjects were older at sJIA diagnosis, more often non-White, had a higher rate of IBD family history, and were more frequently treated with etanercept or canakinumab compared to sJIA-only subjects. Sixty-nine percent of sJIA-IBD patients successfully discontinued sJIA medications following IBD diagnosis, and sJIA symptoms resolved in 9 of 12 patients treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors.

Conclusion

IBD in the setting of sJIA is a rare occurrence. The favorable response of sJIA symptoms to therapeutic TNF-α inhibition suggests that the sJIA-IBD cohort may represent a mechanistically distinct sJIA subgroup. Our study highlights the importance of maintaining a high level of suspicion for IBD when gastrointestinal involvement occurs in patients with sJIA and the likely broad benefit of TNF-α inhibition in those cases.
Morphological, histological, and molecular evidence of Myxobolusspinacurvatura(Cnidaria: Myxosporea) from Mugilcephalus in the Turkish Black Sea coast
Authors: YARDIMCI Banu , PEKMEZCİ Gökmen Zafer , BÖLÜKBAŞ Cenk Soner , ÖZPİÇAK Melek , YILMAZ Savaş , POLAT Nazmi
Published: June 2020

In the present study, a total of 30 M. cephalus captured from the Samsun coast of the Black Sea, Turkey were examined for myxozoa infections. Different sizes of whitish and rounded cyst-like plasmodia were macroscopically detected in the liver and intestine wall of M. cephalus. Morphological and histological examinations were performed. The SSU rDNA was amplified using nested PCR and myxosporean-specific primers. The present Myxobolus species was identified as M. spinacurvatura based on the spore morphology and host/organ specificity. In the present study, morphological, histological, and molecular data on M. spinacurvatura were presented. Furthermore, BLASTn research showed that SSU rDNA sequences of M. spinacurvatura (accession number MH374629) were identical to that of the reference sequence of M. spinacurvatura (accession from AF378341) recorded previously. The current study includes the first record and molecular evidence of M. spinacurvatura infecting M. cephalus from the Turkish waters. To date, there is no report on comprehensive morphological, histopathological, and molecular data of M. spinacurvatura in M. cephalus as a typical host. Moreover, the new valid SSU rDNA sequence of M. spinacurvatura (accession number MH374629) was the second record in the GenBank. The present SSU rDNA sequence can also be used to construct a phylogenetic tree with other mugiliform-infecting Myxobolus species worldwide.
Involutory-Multiple-Lightweight MDS Matrices based on Cauchy-type Matrices
Authors: Mousavi Mohsen , Zaghian Ali , Esmaeili Morteza
Published: June 2020

One of the best methods for constructing maximum distance separable (\begin{document}$ \operatorname{MDS} $\end{document}) matrices is based on making use of Cauchy matrices. In this paper, by using some extensions of Cauchy matrices, we introduce several new forms of \begin{document}$ \operatorname{MDS} $\end{document} matrices over finite fields of characteristic 2. A known extension of a Cauchy matrix, called the Cauchy-like matrix, with application in coding theory was introduced in 1985. One of the main contributions of this paper is to apply Cauchy-like matrices to introduce \begin{document}$ 2n \times 2n $\end{document} involutory \begin{document}$ \operatorname{MDS} $\end{document} matrices in the semi-Hadamard form which is a generalization of the previously known methods. We make use of Cauchy-like matrices to construct multiple \begin{document}$ \operatorname{MDS} $\end{document} matrices which can be used in the Feistel structures. We also introduce a new extension of Cauchy matrices to be referred to as Cauchy-light matrices. The introduced Cauchy-light matrices are applied to construct \begin{document}$ n \times n $\end{document} \begin{document}$ \operatorname{MDS} $\end{document} matrices having at least \begin{document}$ 3n-3 $\end{document} entries equal to the unit element \begin{document}$ 1 $\end{document}; such a matrix is called a lightweight \begin{document}$ \operatorname{MDS} $\end{document} matrix and can be used in the lightweight cryptography. A simple closed-form expression is given for the determinant of Cauchy-light matrices.
An overview on skew constacyclic codes and their subclass of LCD codes
Authors: Boulanouar Ranya Djihad , Batoul Aicha , Boucher Delphine
Published: June 2020

This paper is about a first characterization of LCD skew constacyclic codes and some constructions of LCD skew cyclic and skew negacyclic codes over \begin{document}$ \mathbb{F}_{p^2} $\end{document}.
Optimal ordering and pricing models of a two-echelon supply chain under multipletimes ordering
Authors: Lou Zhenkai , Hou Fujun , Lou Xuming
Published: June 2020

This paper studies ordering and pricing issues under multiple times ordering. A manufacturer and a retailer are involved in our discussion. The definition of a reasonable price is given based on the practical requirement. First, we construct a Stackelberg model in which the manufacturer and the retailer make their decisions respectively. During the process of derivation, both ordering time-points and optimal prices are expressed as functions of number of times of ordering. By solving a quadratic programming model with an undetermined parameter, we demonstrate that the optimal ordering time-points of the retailer are equidistant time points on the given selling period. Second, a cooperative model is developed in which the manufacturer and the retailer jointly make decisions. It is shown that the optimal retail price is lower and the number of times of ordering is more in the cooperative situation than the noncooperative one. Further, an allocation method based on revenue proportions is proposed.
Pricing and lot-sizing decisions for perishable products when demand changes by freshness
Authors: Kaya Onur , Bayer Halit
Published: June 2020

Perishable products like dairy products, vegetables, fruits, pharmaceuticals, etc. lose their freshness over time and become completely obsolete after a certain period. Customers generally prefer the fresh products over aged ones, leading the perishable products to have a decreasing demand function with respect to their age. We analyze the inventory management and pricing decisions for these products, considering an age-and-price-dependent stochastic demand function. A stochastic dynamic programming model is developed in order to decide when and how much inventory to order and how to price these products considering their freshness over time. We prove the characteristics of the optimal solution of the developed model and extract managerial insights regarding the optimal inventory and pricing strategies. The numerical studies show that dynamic pricing can lead to significant savings over static pricing under certain parameter settings. In addition, longer replenishment cycles are seen under dynamic pricing compared to static pricing, even though similar quantities are ordered in each replenishment.
Two-period pricing and ordering decisions of perishable products with a learning period for demand disruption
Authors: Chen Kebing , Zhou Haijie , Lei Dong
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we develop a two-period inventory model of perishable products with considering the random demand disruption. Faced with the random demand disruption, the firm has two order opportunities: the initial order at the beginning of selling season (i.e., Period 1) is intended to learn the real information of the disrupted demand. When the information of disruption is realized, the firm places the second order, and also decides how many unsold units should be carried into the rest of selling season (i.e., Period 2). The firm may offer two products of different perceived quality in Period 2, and therefore it must trade-off between the quantity of carry-over units and the quantity of young units when the carry-over units cannibalize the sales of young units. Meanwhile, there is both price competition and substitutability between young and old units. We find that the quantity of young units ordered in Period 2 decreases with the quality of units ordered in Period 1, while the pricing of young units is independent of the quality level of old units. However, both the surplus inventory level and the pricing of old units monotonically increase with their quality. We also investigate the influence of two demand disruption scenarios on the optimal order quantity and the optimal pricing when considering different quality situations. We find that in the continuous random disruption scenario, the information value of disruption to the firm is only related to the disruption mean, while in the discrete random disruption scenario, it is related to both unit purchase cost of young units and the disruption levels.
Enterprise Digital Twin
Authors: Barat Souvik
Published: June 2020

Enterprises constantly aim to maximise their objectives while operating in a competitive and dynamic environment. This necessitates an enterprise to be efficient, adaptive, and amenable for transformation. However, understanding a complex enterprise and identifying effective control measure, adaptation choice, or transformation option to realise specific objective is not a trivial task. The digital twin that imitates the real enterprise provides an environment to conduct the necessary interrogative and predictive analyses to evaluate various control measures, adaptation choices, and transformation options in a safe and cost-effective manner without compromising the analysis precision. This chapter reflects on the core concept of the digital twin, evaluates the state-of-the-art modelling and analysis technologies, and presents a pragmatic approach to develop high-fidelity digital twin for large complex enterprises.
The Digital Enterprise as an Emerging Landscape for Universities and Their Operation
Authors: Barn Balbir S.
Published: June 2020

This chapter presents a framing discussion around the notion of a digital enterprise in the context of higher education. The chapter makes the assumption that a university like a commercial enterprise can draw significant benefit from acting as a digital enterprise. The discussion indicates that some of a university's existing and historical activities are in line with notions of a digital enterprise. The chapter proposes a framework for assessing the readiness of a university with respect to its actions as a digital enterprise recognising the complexity of domains residing within the confines of a university environment. Critically, the chapter argues that such a future systems project should not only consider positive use cases but also recognise that a digital enterprise may have unplanned and unintentional consequences. Hence, this chapter argues that new forms of governance may also be required alongside the planned journey to a digital enterprise world.
Modern X-Ray Methods for Studying Bone Tissue
Authors: Malyugina Olga , Kalinin Evgenii , Maslova Elena , Alekberov Rovshan , Murzaeva Dzhamilay , Minasov Timur
Published: June 2020

The detailed study devoted to instrumental diagnostic methods of bone tissue research was performed by authors. The main idea which is the basis for this work is the analysis and study of X-ray methods for examining bone tissue, highlighting their advantages. As a result of the work, we analyzed published scientific data in Russian and foreign literary sources, which addresses many instrumental methods of bone tissue research. After experiments a detailed description of the most common research methods related to the study of bone tissue was given, its structure and other functions. Analysis of the modern scientific data has shown that there is a great need to know the instrumental methods for studying human organs and systems, and their more accurate possibilities for identifying pathological processes, which will permit the use of the research method that in any particular case will be the most informative, which would provide timely diagnosis and its accuracy.
Upregulation of Proinflammatory Bradykinin Peptides in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Vanarsa Kamala , Henderson Jared , Soomro Sanam , Qin Ling , Zhang Ting , Jordan Nicole , Putterman Chaim , Blanco Irene , Saxena Ramesh , Mohan Chandra
Published: June 2020

Our recent study has implicated bradykinin (BK) signaling as being of pathogenic importance in lupus. This study aims to investigate the biomarker potential of BK peptides, BK and BK-des-arg-9, in lupus and other rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Sera from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and healthy subjects were screened for BK and BK-des-arg-9 by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolomics. Serum from 6-mo-old C57BL/6 mice and three murine lupus strains were also screened for the two peptides by metabolomics. Given the promising initial screening results, validation of these two peptides was next conducted using multiple reaction monitoring in larger patient cohorts. In initial metabolomics screening, BK-des-arg-9 was 22-fold higher in SLE serum and 106-fold higher in mouse lupus serum compared with healthy controls. In validation assays using multiple reaction monitoring and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, BK and BK-des-arg-9 showed significant elevations in SLE serum compared with controls (p < 0.0001; area under the curve = 0.79–0.88), with a similar but less pronounced increase being noted in rheumatoid arthritis serum. Interestingly, increased renal SLE disease activity index in lupus patients was associated with reduced circulating BK-des-arg-9, and the reasons for this remain to be explored. To sum, increased conversion of BK to the proinflammatory metabolite BK-des-arg-9 appears to be a common theme in systemic rheumatic diseases. Besides serving as an early marker for systemic autoimmunity, independent studies also show that this metabolic axis may also be a pathogenic driver and therapeutic target in lupus.
Accessibility of O Antigens Shared between Salmonella Serovars Determines Antibody-Mediated Cross-Protection
Authors: Ahmed Anees , Akhade Ajay Suresh , Qadri Ayub
Published: June 2020

Pathogenic Salmonella serovars produce clinical manifestations ranging from systemic infection typhoid to invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in humans. These serovars share a high degree of homology at the genome and the proteome level. However, whether infection or immunization with one serovar provides protection against other serovars has not been well studied. We show in this study that immunization of mice with live typhoidal serovar, Salmonella Typhi, generates cross-reactive immune responses, which provide far greater resistance against challenge with nontyphoidal serovar Salmonella Enteritidis than with another nontyphoidal serovar, Salmonella Typhimurium. Splenic T cells from these immunized mice produced similar levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ upon ex vivo stimulation with Ags prepared from S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium. In contrast, Abs against S. Typhi interacted with live intact S. Enteritidis but did not bind intact S. Typhimurium. These pathogen-reactive Abs were largely directed against oligosaccharide (O)-antigenic determinant of LPS that S. Typhi shares with S. Enteritidis. Abs against the O determinant, which S. Typhi shares with S. Typhimurium, were present in the sera of immunized mice but did not bind live intact Salmonella because of surface inaccessibility of this determinant. Similar accessibility-regulated interaction was seen with Abs generated against S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. Our results suggest that the ability of protective Abs elicited with one Salmonella serovar to engage with and consequently provide protection against another Salmonella serovar is determined by the accessibility of shared O Ags. These findings have significant and broader implications for immunity and vaccine development against pathogenic Salmonellae.
Hypercapnia Suppresses Macrophage Antiviral Activity and Increases Mortality of Influenza A Infection via Akt1
Authors: Casalino-Matsuda S. Marina , Chen Fei , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Francisco J. , Nair Aisha , Dib Sandra , Yemelyanov Alex , Gates Khalilah L. , Budinger G. R. Scott , Beitel Greg J. , Sporn Peter H. S.
Published: June 2020

Hypercapnia (HC), elevation of the partial pressure of CO2 in blood and tissues, is a risk factor for mortality in patients with severe acute and chronic lung diseases. We previously showed that HC inhibits multiple macrophage and neutrophil antimicrobial functions and increases the mortality of bacterial pneumonia in mice. In this study, we show that normoxic HC increases viral replication, lung injury, and mortality in mice infected with influenza A virus (IAV). Elevated CO2 increased IAV replication and inhibited antiviral gene and protein expression in macrophages in vivo and in vitro. HC potentiated IAV-induced activation of Akt, whereas specific pharmacologic inhibition or short hairpin RNA knockdown of Akt1 in alveolar macrophages blocked HC’s effects on IAV growth and the macrophage antiviral response. Our findings suggest that targeting Akt1 or the downstream pathways through which elevated CO2 signals could enhance macrophage antiviral host defense and improve clinical outcomes in hypercapnic patients with advanced lung disease.
Abnormal cervical cytology amongst women infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Ntuli Samuel T. , Maimela Eric , Skaal Linda , Mogale Mabina , Lekota Provia
Published: June 2020

Background: Cervical cancer remains the major public problem worldwide and the most common gynaecological malignancy in the developing world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.Aim: To determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology amongst women with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and examine the association between HIV and histological grading.Setting: The study was conducted in Limpopo province, which is the northernmost province of South Africa. The province has five district municipalities with one tertiary, five regional and thirty four district hospitals.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cervical cancer cases in Limpopo province (LP) of South Africa, using data collected routinely by the National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS). The data on smears submitted for cytology between 2013 and 2015 were extracted from the Central Data Warehouse (CDW) database.Results: A total of 84 466 women were screened for cervical cytology smears. Their mean age was 39.8 ± 13.6 years, with range from 15 to 113 years; 77.2% were in the age group 30 years and older and 19.6% had an abnormal cervical cytology result. Overall, 46.4% of the women screened for cervical cancer were HIV infected. A significantly higher proportion of HIV-positive women had abnormal cytology than HIV-negative women (31.8% vs. 9.2%).Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal cytology amongst HIV-positive women is relatively high, and the risk appears to be significantly greater in all age groups. This finding highlights the need to ascertain HIV status of all women presenting with cervical cancer.
The indirect effect of servant leadership on employee attitudes through diversity climate in selected South African organisations
Authors: McCallaghan Sean , Jackson Leon , Heyns Marita
Published: June 2020

Orientation: Organisations are continuously diversifying their workforces and require information on how to benefit from positive diversity-related outputs. Servant leadership might provide a solution to improve diversity-related outputs. Literature proposes that servant leadership, diversity climate and employee outputs are related; yet, literature is silent on how these observations would operate in a transitional environment where organisations are intentionally attempting to correct inherited workforce imbalances.Research purpose: The study examined indirect effects of diversity climate on the relationship between servant leadership and employee attitudes.Motivation for the study: Examinations of the indirect effects of diversity climate are limited.Method: A quantitative approach with cross-sectional design collected 230 responses from a convenience sample. Respondents completed assessments for servant leadership, diversity climate, organisational commitment, job satisfaction and intention to quit. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, correlational analysis and three independent mediation models.Main findings: Servant leadership and diversity climate are positively associated with organisational commitment, job satisfaction, and non-intention to quit. Servant leadership demonstrated a direct effect on diversity climate, organisational commitment, job satisfaction and non-intention to quit. Diversity climate had a positive impact on organisational commitment. Servant leadership demonstrated an indirect effect on organisational commitment via diversity climate.Practical implications: The improvement of organisational commitment cannot only rely on servant leadership; a conducive diversity climate is also required.Contribution and value-added: The examination contributes towards limited diversity climate research with evidence of the indirect capacity of diversity climate.
PERILAKU PROSOSIAL ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN TERHADAP ANAK DOWN SYNDROME DI PAUD TAMAN BELIA CANDI SEMARANG TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Dewi Anita Chandra , Sofianni Erny
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perilaku prososial  anak usia 5-6 tahun terhadap anak down syndrome di PAUD Taman Belia Candi Semarang Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, wali kelas, guru, anak usia 5-6 tahun, dan orang tua. Hasil analisis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dapat disimpulkan bahwa perilaku prososial anak usia 5-6 tahun telah sesuai dengan Standar Tingkat Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak (STPPA), perilaku anak down syndrome sudah mengalami kemajuan jika dibandingkan dengan pertama kali masuk di sekolah, serta perilaku prososial anak usia 5-6 tahun terhadap anak down syndrome sudah sangat terlihat dan akan dijadikan suatu kebiasaan sehingga anak down syndrome tidak lagi memerlukan pendampingan khusus melainkan hanya membutuhkan bantuan dari teman-temannya.
PERNIKAHAN DINI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Soleman Noviyanti , Elindawati Rifki
Published: June 2020

Child marriage is one of the big problems occur in the world. It has been set up in Millenium Development Goals, either Sustainable Development Goals point 5. Almost every country in the world face the same problem, as well as Indonesia. Indonesia is among the 10 countries with the largest number in aged 20-24 married before 18 years old. Otherwise, Indonesian law has regulated about child marriage in Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinian, however the number is still high. This research aims to know the level of child marriage in Indonesia and the causes.
Komunikasi Visual : Representasi Norma Kesopanan Perempuan Indonesia
Authors: Nurjaman Enang Yusuf
Published: June 2020

Media sosial merupakan hal yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dari kehidupan masyarakat dewasa ini, semua orang bisa menjadi content creator dengan berbagai macam konten termasuk tayangan prank falsenya Angga Candra, seorang youtuber dengan 2,4 juta subscriber, dalam aksi pranknya sebagian besar  korbannya adalah perempuan, respon perempuan Indonesia ketika menjadi korban prank berkaitan dengan norma kesopanan yang dimiliki oleh perempuan yang bisa dijadikan sebagai representasi perempuan Indonesia. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif dan teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini dengan mengumpulkan screen shoot dari kumpulan adegan pada video episode “Prank Taxi Online!! Cewe Berhijab Ini Sebel-Sebel Gemes & Hampir Baper Beneran” pada channel Youtube Angga Candra. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis teori semiotika dari Roland Barthes yang dikenal dengan Two Orders of Signification teori ini adalah ide tentang dua tatanan signifikansi yaitu denotasi dan konotasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka ditemukan representasi kesopanan perempuan Indonesia yaitu; menjaga dirin, ramah, humble, sopan, mengapresiasi dan menghargai prestasi seseorang, bersikap kooperatif, terbuka dan bersikap positif.
Spatiotemporal Traffic Analysis using Big Data
Authors: H Anandakumar , Sailesh Abishek , C Muthumeenal , S Visalakshi , K Muthumani
Published: June 2020

In collaborated online technique traffic prediction methods is proposed with distributed context aware random forest learning algorithm .The random forest is ensemble classifier which learns different traffic and context model form distributed traffic patterns. One major challenge in predicting traffic is how much to rely on the prediction model constructed using historical data in the real-time traffic situation, which may differ from that of the historical data due to the fact that traffic situations are numerous and changing over time. The proposed algorithm is online predictor of real-time traffic, the global prediction is achieved with less convergence time .The distributed scenarios (traffic data and context data) are collected together to improve the learning accuracy of classifier. The conducted experimental results on prediction of traffic dataset prove that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the existing algorithm.
CARBON MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN PAPUA REGION
Authors: Hendri
Published: June 2020

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest tropical rainforest area, especially in Papua Island together with Papua New Guinea accounted the third largest tropical rainforests in the world, after the Amazon (336.7 million ha) and Congo (181.3 million ha). The total tropical rainforest area is 68.7 million ha contained Papua about 57% (39.2 million ha) and 43% (29.5 million ha) Papua New Guinea. Unfortunately, deforestation rates in the few decades increased from 1.39 million ha in the period 1985 – 1997 and 0.6 million ha in the period 2000 – 2005. The direct impact of rapid LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change & Forestry) changes since 1980`s has accumulated critical land by 29.0% of forest area in West Papua and 31.4% of forest area in Papua. Climate change affected in Papua region due to rapid amount GHG`s emissions into the atmosphere by increasing average temperature about 0.7oC, minimum temperature (0.7oC) and maximum temperature (1.2oC) during period 1996 – 2005. Other effects of climate change the decreased rainfall up to 26% per month in the last decade, 50% reduced total agriculture productivity, expanded malaria diseases, and increased extreme condition such as drought with intensity of forest fire detected in Sorong due to inter-annual climate variability events, such as the El-Niño event and flood due to the La-Niña event. However, it is difficult task to build mitigation and adaptation planning in the region or local scale due to the lack information, the lack human resources, and local topography and phenomena. In that case, so far, no study has been conducted in Papua region to build mitigation and adaptation planning for carbon management. Therefore, this study tries to promote a carbon management program for help local government to solve forest environmental problems consideration of climate change.
VIABILITAS BENIH GAHARU (Aquilaria malaccensis) DENGAN MEDIA PERKECAMBAHAN SERBUK GERGAJI DAN ARANG SEKAM PADI
Authors: Auri Amilda , Dimara Petrus A. , Marani Rafel
Published: June 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh media kecambah tanah yang dicampur arang limbah gergaji dan arang sekam dalam perkecambahan benih Aquilaria malaccensis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen yang dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Data dianalisis dengan Analisi Ragam (Anova) untuk mengetahui pengaruh media terhadap daya kecambah. Untuk mengetahui mengetahui media perkecambahan mana yang memberikan persen dan waktu perkecambahan yang baik digunakan analisis HSD (TUKEY). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persen dan waktu perkecambahan benih A. malaccensis yang baik adalah pada media kecambah tanah yang dicampur arang gergaji dan sekam. Persen perkecambahan pada media ini mencapai 79,33% dengan waktu perkecambahan 20 hari.
Fen Bilimleri Dersindeki Madde ve Değişim Ünitesine Yönelik Geçerli ve Güvenilir Başarı Testi Geliştirme: BİLSEM Örneği
Authors: NACAROĞLU Oğuzhan , BEKTAŞ Oktay
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerinde yürütülen fen bilimleri dersindeki “Madde ve Değişim” ünitesine yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir başarı testinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemi desenlerinden tarama kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan bir Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi’nde öğrenimlerine devam eden 115 özel yetenekli öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Başarı testi geliştirme sürecinde öncelikle alan yazın taranmış ve ünite kazanımlarına uygun 35 soru belirlenmiştir. Başarı testinin kapsam geçerliğini sağlamak için belirtke tablosu hazırlanmış ve uzman görüşleri alınmıştır. Her bir kazanıma yönelik en az iki soru içeren test, örneklemde yer alan özel yetenekli öğrencilere pilot çalışma olarak uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 20 paket programı ve Excel kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Her bir soru maddesi için madde güçlük ve ayırt edicilik indeksleri hesaplanmıştır. Bu süreç sonunda bir sorunun testten çıkarılmasına karar verilmiştir. Güvenirlik hesaplamaları sonucunda KR20  iç tutarlık katsayısı .87 olarak hesaplanmış ve faktör analizi sonucunda testin 5 faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında özel yetenekli öğrencilerin madde ve değişim ünitesine yönelik başarı düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla geliştirilen testin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu ifade edilebilir.
Impact Assessment
Authors: Lamb Jacob Joseph
Published: June 2020

In municipalities and rural areas, biogas is a growing form of energy production and is also a feasible waste management option. Biogas manufacturing, in terms of environmental life cycle assessments, appears to have a remarkable opportunity to mix fertilizer recovery with energy generation utilizing different underused methods including urban biowastes or manure. Biogas production life cycle assessments suggest benefits such as CO2 reductions and chemical fertilizer replacement. Established biogas plants have specific biogas processing activities and life-cycle effects are affected by regulations, environmental conditions and biogas production objectives. This chapter describes and examines important biogas problems.
Carboxymethyllysine and carboxyethyllysine in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Damasiewicz-Bodzek Aleksandra , Łabuz-Roszak Beata , Kumaszka Bartłomiej , Tyrpień-Golder Krystyna
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Advanced glycation end-products (AGE) are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the study was to evaluate the intensity of the protein glycation process in patients with multiple sclerosis and its possible involvement in disease activity.

Material and methods

The study group (n = 45) consisted of patients suffering from MS, and the control group (n = 31) consisted of healthy adults. Concentrations of selected glycation markers such as carboxymethyllysine (CML) and carboxyethyllysine (CEL) in sera of patients with MS and healthy volunteers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

Serum CML and CEL concentrations in patients with MS were higher than in healthy volunteers but only for CML the difference was statistically significant. CML concentrations positively correlated with CEL concentrations only in the healthy persons. In MS patients the serum CML and CEL concentrations did not differ significantly depending on the duration of the disease and depending on the EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) score.

Conclusions

Multiple sclerosis is accompanied by an intensification of protein glycation processes, especially within the pathways leading to the formation of carboxymethyllysine. The duration of the disease and the degree of motor impairment do not appear to affect the progression of the glycation processes. However, the disease process associated with multiple sclerosis may affect the relationship between CML and CEL concentrations.
MicroRNA-27a regulates the viability, migration and invasion of human skin cancer cells by targeting MAPK7
Authors: Cao Lei , Luo Ping , Wang Hui , Rao Feiyan
Published: June 2020

Introduction

This study was undertaken to determine the expression profile of microRNA-27a (miR-27a) in human skin cancer and to assess its effects on cell viability, migration and invasion.

Material and methods

Expression analysis was performed by qRT-PCR. Transfections were carried out using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent. AO/EB, DAPI, and Annexin V/PI staining was used for detection of apoptosis. Western blot analysis was performed to detect protein expression.

Results

The results showed up to 7-fold upregulation of miR-27a in skin cancer tissues and up to 5-fold upregulation in skin cancer cell lines. Inhibition of miR-27a resulted in depletion of A431 cell viability as revealed by MTT assay. Phase-contrast microscopy and AO/EB assay showed signs of apoptosis in A431 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed reduction of the Bcl-2, p53 and ki-67 expression in A431 cells. Western blot analysis showed an increase in Bax and caspase-3 and a decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression. The wound healing and transwell assays revealed a remarkable decline of cell migration and invasion upon miR-27a inhibition. The bioinformatics and luciferase assays showed that miR-27a targets MAPK7. The Western blot analysis showed that MAPK7 was significantly downregulated in all skin cancer cells. Nonetheless, the expression of MAPK7 was significantly decreased upon miR-27a inhibition. Furthermore, MAPK7 overexpression increased the viability of A431 cells. However, MAPK1 silencing could avoid the suppressive effects of miR-27a inhibition on A431 cells.

Conclusions

The evidence suggests that miR-27a may find use in the treatment of skin cancer and warrants further investigation.
Smoke-free hospitals in Poland – a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Fedorowski Jarosław J. , Jankowski Mateusz , Buchelt Beata , Maksymowicz Stanisław , Parascandola Mark
Published: June 2020

Introduction

In 2010, the government of Poland passed an amended smoke-free law that strengthened existing tobacco control policies and banned smoking in hospitals. The aims of our study are: to determine the state of smoke-free practices in Polish hospitals, and to identify challenges facing hospitals implementing smoke-free practices.

Material and methods

In 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on a representative sample of 100 hospitals operating in Poland. The research tool was the ENSH-Global Self-Audit Questionnaire. The questionnaire included 48 items related to the various aspects of smoke-free policy implementation in the hospital.

Results

Among the surveyed hospitals, public entities were the dominant group (79%). The mean score for all analyzed standards was 78.55 points (out of 144 maximum available), with no differences (p = 0.4) between public and private entities. All hospitals surveyed displayed signage with information about prohibited tobacco products and tobacco-free campus boundaries. Hospital staff (95%) and service users (98%) reported a basic level of understanding of the hospital’s tobacco-free policy and the available tobacco cessation services. However, tobacco-free policies, in line with the ENSH-Global Standards, were implemented in 61% of surveyed hospitals. More than half of the hospitals (64%) do not currently assess tobacco use or provide tobacco dependence treatment services.

Conclusions

Overall, smoke-free policies in hospitals operating in Poland are compliant with the National Tobacco Control Act and provide a smoke-free environment for service users and staff. However, continued monitoring and evaluation of tobacco control activities are necessary to promote the importance of smoke-free environments.