FEATURES OF RECEIVING, ACCOUNTING AND AUDIT OF LOANS IN FOREIGN CURRENCY AT THE ENTERPRISE
Authors:   National Transport University, Horobinska Iryna , Hoshovska Valentina ,   National Transport University, Masalitina Viktoria ,   National Transport University, Nakonechna Svetlana ,   National Transport University
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the features of receiving, accounting and auditing of a loan in foreign currency at the enterprise. The topicality of the topic is explained by the fact that ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises requires adequate financing at the expense of various components of equity capital, borrowed capital and loan capital, including lending in foreign currency. the share of balances for loans granted in foreign currency was 29% of the loan portfolio of commercial banks in 2021. This indicates the presence of lending in foreign currency and the need for research and scientific substantiation of the mechanism for obtaining, clearing and auditing loans in foreign currency. The object of the study is crediting, accounting and auditing in foreign currency at the enterprise. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the peculiarities of obtaining, accounting and auditing foreign currency loans at the enterprise to ensure complete and reliable information about the financial obligations of the enterprise. The methods of the study are analysis and synthesis, system analysis, statistical analysis to study the dynamics and structure of loans granted to enterprises by commercial banks in foreign currency, the dynamics of average annual interest rates on loans granted to enterprises. Conditional periods based on indicators of balances of funds for loans granted in foreign currency and the share of loans in foreign currency in the credit portfolio of commercial banks are determined. The first conditional period of development of lending in foreign currency lasted until 2008. It is characterized by a high and constantly growing demand for loans in foreign currency; the share of balances on loans granted in foreign currency was 59% in 2008, a decrease in the exchange rate and low interest rates for using loans in foreign currency against the national currency. The second conditional period of development of foreign currency lending began during the financial crisis of 2008. It is characterized by a 5 times decrease in the balances of loans granted in foreign currency due to the introduced institutional restrictions. Features of lending in foreign currency are determined. The sequence of audit stages of crediting in foreign currency at the enterprise has been developed. Conclusions – despite the institutional restrictions on lending in foreign currency introduced after the financial crisis of 2008, business entities form demand for loans in foreign currency from residents and non-residents. Accounting for loans in foreign currency has certain features and complexity compared to accounting for loans in national currency. Correspondence of accounting accounts for loans received in foreign currency according to typical operations: receiving a loan in foreign currency, accrual and payment of interest for using the loan, repayment or extension of the loan in foreign currency, revaluation of the loan in foreign currency and display of exchange rate differences.