bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal oxide nanostructures by a simple hot water treatment
Authors: Saadi Nawzat S. , Hassan Laylan B. , Karabacak Tansel
Published: July 2017

Surfaces with metal oxide nanostructures have gained considerable interest in applications such as sensors, detectors, energy harvesting cells, and batteries. However, conventional fabrication techniques suffer from challenges that hinder wide and effective applications of such surfaces. Most of the metal oxide nanostructure synthesis methods are costly, complicated, non-scalable, environmentally hazardous, or applicable to only certain few materials. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a simple metal oxide nanostructure fabrication method that can overcome all these limitations and pave the way to the industrial application of such surfaces. Here, we demonstrate that a wide variety of metals can form metal oxide nanostructures on their surfaces after simply interacting with hot water. This method, what we call hot water treatment, offers the ability to grow metal oxide nanostructures on most of the metals in the periodic table, their compounds, or alloys by a one-step, scalable, low-cost, and eco-friendly process. In addition, our findings reveal that a “plugging” mechanism along with surface diffusion is critical in the formation of such nanostructures. This work is believed to be of importance especially for researchers working on the growth of metal oxide nanostructures and their application in functional devices.
Intergenerational Transmission of Paternal Epigenetic Marks: Mechanisms Influencing Susceptibility to Post-Concussion Symptomology in a Rodent Model
Authors: Hehar Harleen , Ma Irene , Mychasiuk Richelle
Published: July 2017

Epigenetic transmission of phenotypic variance has been linked to paternal experiences prior to conception and during perinatal development. Previous reports indicate that paternal experiences increase phenotypic heterogeneity and may contribute to offspring susceptibility to post-concussive symptomology. This study sought to determine if epigenetic tags, specifically DNA methylation of promoter regions, are transmitted from rodent fathers to their sons. Using MethyLight, promoter methylation of specific genes involved in recovery from concussion and brain plasticity were analyzed in sperm and brain tissue. Promoter methylation in sperm differed based on paternal experience. Differences in methylation were often identified in both the sperm and brain tissue obtained from their sons, demonstrating transmission of epigenetic tags. For certain genes, methylation in the sperm was altered following a concussion suggesting that a history of brain injury may influence paternal transmission of traits. As telomere length is paternally inherited and linked to neurological health, this study examined paternally derived differences in telomere length, in both sperm and brain. Telomere length was consistent between fathers and their sons, and between brain and sperm, with the exception of the older fathers. Older fathers exhibited increased sperm telomere length, which was not evident in sperm or brain of their sons.
Correction: Ultra-low fouling alkylimidazolium modified surfaces for the detection of HER2 in breast cancer cell lysates
Authors: Aubé Alexandra , Campbell Shirley , Schmitzer Andreea R. , Claing Audrey , Masson Jean-François
Published: July 2017

Correction for ‘Ultra-low fouling methylimidazolium modified surfaces for the detection of HER2 in breast cancer cell lysates’ by Alexandra Aubé et al., Analyst, 2017, 142, 2343–2353.
Detection of lithium in scalp hair by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry with high energy (MeV) primary ions
Authors: Cloete Karen J. , Jenčič Boštjan , Šmit Žiga , Kelemen Mitja , Mkentane Kwezikazi , Pelicon Primož
Published: July 2017

The application of MeV-SIMS is presented for the detection and mapping of lithium in chemically unprocessed, longitudinally sectioned scalp hair.
A highly luminescent octanuclear gold(i) carbide cluster
Authors: Feuerstein Thomas J. , Poß Marieke , Seifert Tim P. , Bestgen Sebastian , Feldmann Claus , Roesky Peter W.
Published: July 2017

An octanuclear gold(i) carbide bridged amidinate cluster [Au8{μ3-(η1:η2-CC)}2(Me3SiCCC(NDipp)2)4(tht)2], which is the first gold(i) complex with a μ3-η1:η2carbide coordination, has been synthesized. The cluster shows intense luminescence with notable high quantum yields both in the solid state and in solution.
Photoluminescence properties and energy transfer of Ce3+–Tb3+ co-doped SrAlF5 nanorods by a hydrothermal method
Authors: Zhang Wei , Hua Ruinian , Qi Xiaohui , Zhao Jun , Qin Lizhong , Liu Tianqing
Published: July 2017

SrAlF5:Ce3+,Tb3+ nanorods were synthesized via a mild hydrothermal process and the energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ was analyzed.
Identifying the charge generation dynamics in Cs+-based triple cation mixed perovskite solar cells
Authors: Salado Manuel , Kokal Ramesh K. , Calio Laura , Kazim Samrana , Deepa Melepurath , Ahmad Shahzada
Published: July 2017

Triple cation based perovskite solar cells were studied with scanning force microscopy and impedance spectroscopy techniques.
Prediction of hypervalent molecules: investigation on MnC (M = Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs; n = 1–8) clusters
Authors: Shao Peng , Chen Bo-Le , Ding Li Ping , Luo Dao-Bin , Lu Cheng , Kuang Xiao-Yu
Published: July 2017

The density of states (DOS) and electron localization function plots of the ground state Li6C cluster.
Compositional phase diagram and microscopic mechanism of Ba1−xCaxZryTi1−yO3relaxor ferroelectrics
Authors: Liu Shi-Yu , Meng Yang , Liu Shiyang , Li De-Jun , Li Yaping , Liu Yingdi , Shen Yaogen , Wang Sanwu
Published: July 2017

A model of a multiphase with coexisting cubic structures is proposed to provide an atomic-scale mechanism for the relaxor behavior of lead-free BCZT relaxor ferroelectrics.
Microsecond 3MLCT excited state lifetimes in bis-tridentate Ru(ii)-complexes: significant reductions of non-radiative rate constants
Authors: Abrahamsson Maria , Becker Hans-Christian , Hammarström Leif
Published: July 2017

A close to octahedral structure and an unusually small singlet–triplet mixing result in microsecond 3MLCT excited state lifetimes for this class of tridentate Ru(ii)-complexes.
Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and fullerenes on the bioaccumulation and elimination kinetics of phenanthrene in geophagous earthworms (Metaphire guillelmi)
Authors: Zhang Haiyun , Chen Weixiao , Shen Xiaofang , Zhang Meng , Yang Yu , White Jason C. , Tao Shu , Wang Xilong
Published: July 2017

Carbonaceous nanomaterials differentially impact the bioaccumulation and elimination kinetics of phenanthrene in earthworms.
Glucose promoted facile reduction of azides to amines under aqueous alkaline conditions
Authors: Chandna Nisha , Kaur Fatehjeet , Kumar Shobhna , Jain Nidhi
Published: July 2017

A quick and efficient method for the reduction of azides to amines in water using d-glucose and KOH as green reagents is reported.
Bismuth nitrate-promoted disproportionative condensation of indoles with cyclohexanone: a new-type azafulvenium reactivity of indole
Authors: Kilic H. , Bayindir S. , Erdogan E. , Agopcan Cinar S. , Konuklar F. A. S. , Bali S. K. , Saracoglu N. , Aviyente V.
Published: July 2017

The bismuth nitrate-promoted disproportionative condensation of indoles with cyclohexanone in one pot, to yield C3-cyclohexyl substituted indoles and 1,3-di(1H-indol-3-yl)benzene derivatives is reported for the first time.
How exfoliated graphene oxide nanosheets organize at the water interface: evidence for a spontaneous bilayer self-assembly
Authors: Bonatout Nathalie , Muller François , Fontaine Philippe , Gascon Ignacio , Konovalov Oleg , Goldmann Michel
Published: July 2017

In this study, we have characterized graphene oxide films formed at the air–water interface by X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction using synchrotron sources.
Ultralow flexural properties of copper microhelices fabricated via electrodeposition-based three-dimensional direct-writing technology
Authors: Yi Zhiran , Lei Yu , Zhang Xianyun , Chen Yining , Guo Jianjun , Xu Gaojie , Yu Min-Feng , Cui Ping
Published: July 2017

The ultralow stiffness of copper microhelices fabricated by a MCED direct-writing method was studied by the electrically induced quasi-static and dynamic electromechanical resonance technique.
Dye⋯TiO2 interfacial structure of dye-sensitised solar cell working electrodes buried under a solution of I−/I3− redox electrolyte
Authors: McCree-Grey Jonathan , Cole Jacqueline M. , Holt Stephen A. , Evans Peter J. , Gong Yun
Published: July 2017

Dye-sensitised solar cells (DSCs) have niche prospects for electricity-generating windows that could equip buildings for energy-sustainable future cities.
A one-pot synthesis of 2,2′-disubstituted diindolylmethanes (DIMs) via a sequential Sonogashira coupling and cycloisomerization/C3-functionalization of 2-iodoanilines
Authors: Kayet Anirban , Singh Vinod K.
Published: July 2017

Pd(ii)–Ag(i) catalysed, highly efficient synthesis of diindolylmethanes under mild reaction conditions, with six new bonds being formed in a one-pot fashion, and the products being transformed into synthetically useful compounds.
Functional micelles formed from glucose-, thermo- and pH-triple responsive copolymers for controlled release
Authors: Zou Hui , Wang Chunyao , Yuan Weizhong , Wang Shanfeng , Li Maoquan
Published: July 2017

Spherical micelles self-assembled from the block copolymer PPBDEMA-b-PDMAEMA presented glucose, thermo- and pH-triple responsive properties.
Synthesis of well-defined epoxy-functional spherical nanoparticles by RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization
Authors: Hatton Fiona L. , Lovett Joseph R. , Armes Steven P.
Published: July 2017

The environmentally-friendly synthesis of epoxy-functional spherical nanoparticles is achieved via RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate under mild conditions; derivatization of such nanoparticles with sodium azide or diamines is demonstrated.
Emerging microalgae technology: a review
Authors: Pierobon S. C. , Cheng X. , Graham P. J. , Nguyen B. , Karakolis E. G. , Sinton D.
Published: July 2017

Cultivating microalgae has the potential to produce biofuels and bioproducts from solar energy with low land use and without competing with food crops.
Ultrahigh performance of a novel electrochemical deionization system based on a NaTi2(PO4)3/rGO nanocomposite
Authors: Huang Yinxi , Chen Fuming , Guo Lu , Yang Hui Ying
Published: July 2017

A novel electrochemical deionization system based on a NaTi2(PO4)3/rGO nanocomposite with ultrahigh salt removal capacity, rapid desalination rate and good stability.
Enhancing perovskite solar cell performance and stability by doping barium in methylammonium lead halide
Authors: Chan Shun-Hsiang , Wu Ming-Chung , Lee Kun-Mu , Chen Wei-Cheng , Lin Tzu-Hao , Su Wei-Fang
Published: July 2017

The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells can be enhanced by using Ba2+-doped perovskite films.
Aromatic ring substituted g-C3N4for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yu Yu , Yan Wei , Gao Wenyu , Li Pei , Wang Xiaofang , Wu Songmei , Song Weiguo , Ding Kejian
Published: July 2017

An all-carbon aromatic ring substitutionally doped g-C3N4was synthesized with greatly enhanced light absorption, band structure and carrier separation, achieving a 3 times higher hydrogen evolution rate (HER).
Correction: Crystalline In–Sb–S framework for highly-performed lithium/sodium storage
Authors: Nie Lina , Xie Jian , Liu Guangfeng , Hao Shiji , Xu Zhichuan J. , Xu Rong , Zhang Qichun
Published: July 2017

Correction for ‘Crystalline In–Sb–S framework for highly-performed lithium/sodium storage’ by Lina Nie et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5, 14198–14205.
Controllable fabrication of novel all solid-state PbS quantum dot-doped glass fibers with tunable broadband near-infrared emission
Authors: Huang Xiongjian , Fang Zaijin , Kang Shiliang , Peng Wencai , Dong Guoping , Zhou Bo , Ma Zhijun , Zhou Shifeng , Qiu Jianrong
Published: July 2017

Novel all solid-state PbS quantum dot-doped glass fibers with tunable near-infrared emissions were fabricated by using the “melt-in-tube” method.
Novel phosphine oxide-based electron-transporting materials for efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wu Zheng-Guang , Zhou Jie , Yu Lei , Karotsis Georgios , Wang Yi , Zheng You-Xuan , Pan Yi
Published: July 2017

Three electron transporting materials comprising a nitrogen heterocycle and a phosphoryl moiety were utilized for green PhOLEDs, which exhibited decent performances with a peak current efficiency above 80 cd A−1 as well as negligible efficiency roll-off.
Dual feeding cavity resonator for efficiency enhancement in liquid heating applications
Authors: Abduljabar A.A. , Choi H. , Porch A.
Published: July 2017

A new type of microwave resonator feeding topology is proposed to enhance the power delivered to a lossy sample for microwave heating applications. The method uses two input signals with equal phase and magnitude, instead of the usual one input. As a result, for the same total input power, the delivered power can be increased to twice the power than the case of the one input. A 2.45 GHz TM010 cylindrical cavity with dual input ports is used to heat a water sample with a total input power of 0.25 W. The efficacy of the proposed heating topology was verified by 3D electromagnetic simulation and heating measurements, including S‐parameters, incident and reflected power, and thermal images. All measurement results support the increase in heating efficiency in the two port case, while using the same total amount of power as for the one port case.
Ocular Involvement in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Rothova Aniki , Groen Fahriye
Published: July 2017

Ocular involvement in sarcoidosis occurs in ∼40% and the eye is the presenting organ in roughly 20%. The course of ocular disease does not necessarily parallel that of systemic disease. Uveitis is the most common presentation and shows mainly a chronic course; anterior uveitis is associated with better visual prognosis than posterior localization. Painful bilateral anterior granulomatous uveitis most commonly occurs in black patients at younger age, while painless posterior bilateral involvement with peripheral multifocal choroiditis is commonly seen in elderly white females. Patients with posterior uveitis develop often ocular complications and central nervous system involvement. Vitritis, segmental periphlebitis, choroidal granulomas, and peripheral multifocal chorioretinitis are often seen clinical features. Optic nerve involvement is uncommon, but if present, results often in poor visual outcome. Lacrimal gland and conjunctival involvement are also common and present clinically as dry eyes or remain asymptomatic with good visual prognosis. Sarcoidosis-associated uveitis is mostly managed by local treatment with steroid drops or periocular and intraocular steroid injections or with novel intraocular corticosteroid implants. Patients with sight-threatening disease or optic nerve involvement need systemic therapy. Systemic therapy is based on a step-up regimen where corticosteroids are used in the initial phase of the disease and if long-term treatment is required, steroid-sparing immunomodulatory drugs are implemented such as methotrexate or biological agents. Despite the mainly chronic course, need for long-term treatment, and frequent ocular surgeries in the majority of patients, the visual outcome of sarcoidosis-associated uveitis is fairly good if therapy has started on time.
Etiology and Immunopathogenesis of Sarcoidosis: Novel Insights
Authors: Veltkamp Marcel , Meek Bob , Moller David , Beijer Els
Published: July 2017

Sarcoidosis is a disorder of unknown etiology. It is a systemic disease, frequently involving the lungs, skin, eyes, and lymph nodes. It is characterized by formation of noncaseating granulomas at the site(s) of disease. Sarcoidosis has a complex disease pathogenesis, with involvement of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Several innate immune system receptors including NOD-like receptors and Toll-like receptors appear to be involved in the development of sarcoidosis as well as cellular players such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Furthermore, lymphocytes from the adaptive immune system including Th1, Th17, regulatory T cells, and B cells are likely to play a role in the sarcoidosis disease pathogenesis as well. Possibly, genetic susceptibility and exposure to particular etiologic agents including mycobacterial and propionibacterial antigens, metals, and silica can cause sarcoidosis. Besides exogenous triggers, also self-compounds such as serum amyloid A and vimentin, have been found to play a role in the development of sarcoidosis. It is likely that sarcoidosis does not have one single cause but rather is the result of the interplay between different etiologic agents and the immune system in predisposed individuals.
Endovascular Stroke Therapy
Authors: Caganap Scott , Smith Wade
Published: July 2017

Acute ischemic stroke therapy has rapidly evolved over the past two decades. Recently, a paradigm shift has occurred in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion with the publication of several randomized trials proving that mechanical thrombectomy with stent retriever devices improves clinical outcome in comparison to intravenous thrombolysis. Furthermore, pooled data from the clinical trials suggest that mechanical thrombectomy can improve outcome in a broad range of patients, and that the sooner the intervention can be performed, the greater the benefit. Delays in endovascular stroke therapy can occur during multiple time points during a patient's encounter, and these time delays are associated with worse outcomes. This association emphasizes the importance of enhancing speed-of-care processes in patients undergoing endovascular reperfusion. Efforts to reduce time delays in endovascular stroke treatment can be achieved by reflecting on the health care initiatives that took place for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction almost 20 years ago. The ideal system of care to reduce delays in endovascular stroke therapy will likely include rapid transport of all eligible patients directly to the angiography suite to bypass the inefficiencies of workflow during the early inhospital setting. These strategies will undoubtedly take time to implement, as they require further research, infrastructure funding, and policy changes at local, regional, and national levels.
Gastrointestinal Bleed from a Left Ventricle to Colonic Interposition Graft Fistula following an Esophagectomy
Authors: Al Khalifa Abdulwahab , McMaster William , Schieman Colin , Whitlock Richard , Ricci Christopher , Danter Matthew
Published: July 2017

Colonic interposition grafts are commonly used as an esophageal conduit following esophageal resection. Significant morbidity is associated with this reconstruction due to the nature of the operation. Many of the complications associated with this procedure have clear management strategies; however, there is a paucity of data when it comes to managing rare complications. In this report, we discuss the presentation, operative intervention, and postoperative care of a patient who presented with a left ventricle to esophageal colonic interposition graft fistula.
Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in the Treatment of Hemophilia A
Authors: Christophe Olivier , Denis Cécile , Lenting Peter , Muczynski Vincent
Published: July 2017

The development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hemophilia A has been a long-lasting issue since the initial identification of the disease in the early 19th century and has involved several major steps to reach contemporary treatment. The current replacement therapy involving intravenous infusion of plasmatic or recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) has been efficient to control bleeding episodes of patients with hemophilia A. Nonetheless, replacement therapy requires frequent infusions to maintain values of FVIII above the threshold of efficacy and represents a serious burden that significantly impacts the patient's quality of life. The recent half-life extension technologies have permitted the development of a first generation of long-acting FVIII variants with improved circulating survival. These molecules, which are now in clinical phase III studies or have already received food and drug administration (FDA) approval for therapeutic use will allow a reduction in the frequency of infusion and lighten the treatment of hemophilia A. However, the half-life extension of FVIII was not as efficient as initially expected, particularly with regard to the results obtained with other therapeutic molecules. To overcome these limitations inherent to the nature of FVIII biology, several bypassing therapies independent of the FVIII molecule are currently in development. These emerging approaches exploit the modulation of the coagulation/anticoagulation balance taking place in the hemostatic process to compensate for the FVIII deficiency. In this review, we recount the history of hemophilia A treatment up to the recent emerging therapies, with particular focus on infusion-based strategies.
Risk Stratification for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Role of CHADS2 Score
Authors: Xu Zhi-Yuan , Avula Uma , Dong Jian-Zeng , Du Xin , Wu Jia-Hui , Yu Rong-Hui , Long De-Yong , Ning Man , Sang Cai-Hua , Jiang Chen-Xi , Bai Rong , Wen Song-Nan , Li Song-Nan , Chen Xuan , Ma Chang-Sheng , Tang Ri-Bo
Published: July 2017

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study sought to explore if the CHADS2 score could predict the prognosis of PE in patients with AF. In a tertiary hospital, 4,288 consecutive patients with diagnosis of PE were screened. In total, 305 patients with PE had AF and were included in this retrospective study. In-hospital outcome was defined as at least one of the following: death from any cause, need for intravenous catecholamine administration, endotracheal intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or thrombolytic therapy. The in-hospital outcome occurred in 10.2% of the patients. Patients with adverse outcome had higher CHADS2 score, CHA2DS2-VASc score, and simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI) score. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.66, 0.62, and 0.71 for CHADS2 score, CHA2DS2-VASc score, and sPESI score, respectively, in predicting in-hospital outcome. The incidence of in-hospital outcome was 3.4 and 14.4% in sPESI = 0 and sPESI ≥1 groups (p < 0.01). CHADS2 also had good predictive value with the incidence of in-hospital outcome, being 4.6% in CHADS2 < 2 and 14.3% in CHADS2 ≥ 2 groups (p < 0.01). The incidences of in-hospital outcome were 2.6, 4.8, 7.4, and 17.3% in patients with sPESI = 0 and CHADS2 < 2, sPESI = 0 and CHADS2 ≥ 2, sPESI ≥ 1 and CHADS2 < 2, and sPESI ≥ 1 and CHADS2 ≥ 2 (p < 0.01), respectively. In multivariable analysis, CHADS2 (odds ratio: 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.11–2.02; p < 0.01) was an independent predictor of in-hospital adverse outcome. High CHADS2 score could predict worse in-hospital outcome in patients with PE and AF.
Primary Amelanotic CNS Melanoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Mauer Uwe , Mathieu René , Hackenbroch Carsten , Knupfer Janine , Schulz Chris , Mayer Simon
Published: July 2017

Primary malignant melanomas of the central nervous system (CNS) are rarely seen entities in the clinical routine. Primary amelanotic melanomas are even rarer. In our literature review, we found only six case reports of primary amelanotic CNS melanomas. Our case report describes the course of a 71-year-old man with a primary amelanotic CNS melanoma with secondary spread to the spine.
Die En bloc-Resektion von Blasentumoren (ERBT) – eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Struck J. , Kramer M. , Merseburger A. , Hartmann A. , Herrmann T.
Published: July 2017

Hintergrund Als Limitationen der konventionellen transurethralen Resektion von Harnblasentumoren (cTURB) als Standardverfahren zur Detektion und Behandlung von nicht muskelinvasivem Blasenkrebs (NMIBC) sind Stagingfehler aufgrund unzureichender Resektionstiefe ebenso wie die intravesikale Fragmentierung der Proben, die eine histopathologische Begutachtung erschweren, bekannt. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll die aktuelle Datenlage zur En bloc-Resektion von Harnblasentumoren (ERBT) beleuchten und das große Potenzial der Technik hervorheben.

Patienten/Material und Methoden Auswertung der relevanten, PubMed-gelisteten Originalartikel, Übersichtsarbeiten und Metaanalysen zu den Suchbegriffen „bladder cancer” und „en bloc”.

Ergebnisse Die ERBT bietet eine durchgängig hochwertige Resektionsqualität mit wechselnden Nachweisraten von Tunica muscularis in den Resektionsproben. Diese ist der Surrogatmarker der Resektionsqualität in Hinblick auf muskelinvasive Tumoren. Die ERBT kann mit allen Energiequellen, auch in Kombination (Hybridverfahren), sicher durchgeführt werden. Die aktuellen Daten zeigen, dass kein signifikanter Unterschied in Bezug auf die perioperative Morbidität im Vergleich zur cTURB besteht. In Bezug auf die Rezidivraten kann noch keine abschließende Beurteilung getroffen werden, da hier die Datenlage zum Teil kontrovers ist.

Schlussfolgerung Die ERBT hat in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die vermuteten Vorteile gegenüber der cTURB wie bessere Probenqualität und bessere histopathologische Beurteilbarkeit und damit verbessertes Staging scheinen sich für Tumoren mit einer Größe bis zu 4 cm zu bestätigen. Die Auswirkungen auf die Tumorrezidivrate bleibt Gegenstand zukünftiger Studien auf diesem Gebiet.
Fibrillationen und Faszikulationen bei der Evaluation neuromuskulärer Patienten
Authors: Pöschl Peter
Published: July 2017

Fibrillationen und Faszikulationen spielen bei einer Vielzahl neuromuskulärer Erkrankungen eine bedeutende Rolle. Es handelt sich um unwillkürliche, spontan auftretende Muskelfaserdepolarisationen, die bei der Beurteilung neuromuskulärer Patienten eine wichtige diagnostische und differenzialdiagnostische Bedeutung haben. Neben der klinischen Beobachtung unwillkürlicher Muskelaktivität durch Inspektion stehen mit der Elektromyografie (EMG) und der Muskelsonografie diagnostische Verfahren zur Verfügung, die die Detektion dieser Aktivität erleichtern. Die Muskelsonografie kann Faszikulationen zuverlässiger erfassen als die EMG. Die Zuordnung zu einem krankhaften oder physiologischen Krankheitsbild gelingt jedoch besser mittels EMG, da diese Methode zusätzliche neurogene Veränderungen nachweisen kann. Ob Fibrillationen tatsächlich in der Muskelsonografie dargestellt werden können ist nicht sicher geklärt.
Absolute calibration of imaging plate detectors for electron kinetic energies between 150 keV and 1.75 MeV
Authors: Singh S. , Slavicek T. , Hodak R. , Versaci R. , Pridal P. , Kumar D.
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the calibration of two different kinds of image plates (IPs) for detecting electrons with kinetic energy in the range of 150 keV–1.75 MeV. The calibration was performed using a 90Sr β source. The paper also provides the measured fading response for the IPs in the time range from 12 min to 18 h. Calibration results are compared to Monte Carlo simulations of energy deposited by the electrons in the sensitive layer of the IPs. It was found that within this energy range a linear relation between simulated energy deposited by the electron in the phosphor layer and the measured photo stimulated luminescence in the IP is adequate to model the response of the IP.
Ab initio multiple spawning dynamics study of dimethylnitramine and dimethylnitramine-Fe complex to model their ultrafast nonadiabatic chemistry
Authors: Bera Anupam , Ghosh Jayanta , Bhattacharya Atanu
Published: July 2017

Conical intersections are now firmly established to be the key features in the excited electronic state processes of polyatomic energetic molecules. In the present work, we have explored conical intersection-mediated nonadiabatic chemical dynamics of a simple analogue nitramine molecule, dimethylnitramine (DMNA, containing one N–NO2 energetic group), and its complex with an iron atom (DMNA-Fe). For this task, we have used the ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) dynamics simulation at the state averaged-complete active space self-consistent field(8,5)/6-31G(d) level of theory. We have found that DMNA relaxes back to the ground (S0) state following electronic excitation to the S1 excited state [which is an (n,π*) excited state] with a time constant of approximately 40 fs. This AIMS result is in very good agreement with the previous surface hopping-result and femtosecond laser spectroscopy result. DMNA does not dissociate during this fast internal conversion from the S1 to the S0 state. DMNA-Fe also undergoes extremely fast relaxation from the upper S1 state to the S0 state; however, this relaxation pathway is dissociative in nature. DMNA-Fe undergoes initial Fe–O, N–O, and N–N bond dissociations during relaxation from the upper S1 state to the ground S0 state through the respective conical intersection. The AIMS simulation reveals the branching ratio of these three channels as N–N:Fe–O:N–O = 6:3:1 (based on 100 independent simulations). Furthermore, the AIMS simulation reveals that the Fe–O bond dissociation channel exhibits the fastest (time constant 24 fs) relaxation, while the N–N bond dissociation pathway features the slowest (time constant 128 fs) relaxation. An intermediate time constant (30 fs) is found for the N–O bond dissociation channel. This is the first nonadiabatic chemical dynamics study of metal-contained energetic molecules through conical intersections.
A multifunctional plasma and deposition sensor for the characterization of plasma sources for film deposition and etching
Authors: Weise Michael , Seeger Stefan , Harbauer Karsten , Welzel Thomas , Ellmer Klaus
Published: July 2017

Our recently reported multifunctional plasma and deposition sensor [Welzel et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 211605 (2013)] was used for the characterization of two different plasma sources: a magnetron sputtering deposition source and an ion beam source. The multifunctional sensor, based on a conventional quartz crystal monitor (microbalance) for mass increase/decrease measurements, can measure quasi-simultaneously the deposition/etching flux, the energy flux, and the charged particle flux. By moving the sensor or the plasma source stepwise against each other, the lateral (radial) flux profiles of the different sources can be measured with a lateral resolution of about 8 mm, the diameter of aperture in front of the quartz crystal. It is demonstrated that this compact and simple multifunctional sensor is a versatile tool for the characterization of different kinds of plasma sources for deposition and etching purposes. By combining the different measured quantities, the ion-to-neutral ratio and the mean energy per deposited atom can be calculated, parameters that are essential for the characterization of plasma deposition and etch processes.
Quasilinear transport due to the magnetic drift resonance with the ion temperature gradient instability in a rotating plasma
Authors: Zhang Debing , Xu Yingfeng , Wang Shaojie
Published: July 2017

The quasilinear transport fluxes due to the ion temperature gradient instability are calculated in a toroidal plasma, in which the magnetic drift resonance is treated rigorously. The effects of the equilibrium parallel flow and flow shear on the radial particle and heat fluxes are studied numerically in detail. In the radial component of parallel viscosity, there exist the pinches driven by the density gradient, the temperature gradient, and the curvature of the background magnetic field. The direction of these pinches is discussed. It is found that each pinch can be inward or outward, which depends crucially on the resonance condition.
Insights into operation of planar tri-gate tunnel field effect transistor for dynamic memory application
Authors: Navlakha Nupur , Kranti Abhinav
Published: July 2017

Insights into device physics and operation through the control of energy barriers are presented for a planar tri-gate Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (TFET) based dynamic memory. The architecture consists of a double gate (G1) at the source side and a single gate (G2) at the drain end of the silicon film. Dual gates (G1) effectively enhance the tunneling based read mechanism through the enhanced coupling and improved electrostatic control over the channel. The single gate (G2) controls the holes in the potential barrier induced through the proper selection of bias and workfunction. The results indicate that the planar tri-gate achieves optimum performance evaluated in terms of two composite metrics (M1 and M2), namely, product of (i) Sense Margin (SM) and Retention Time (RT) i.e., M1 = SM × RT and (ii) Sense Margin and Current Ratio (CR) i.e., M2 = SM × CR. The regulation of barriers created by the gates (G1 and G2) through the optimal use of device parameters leads to better performance metrics, with significant improvement at scaled lengths as compared to other tunneling based dynamic memory architectures. The investigation shows that lengths of G1, G2 and lateral spacing can be scaled down to 25 nm, 50 nm, and 30 nm, respectively, while achieving reasonable values for (M1, M2). The work demonstrates a systematic approach to showcase the advancement in TFET based Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) through the use of planar tri-gate topology at a lower bias value. The concept, design, and operation of planar tri-gate architecture provide valuable viewpoints for TFET based DRAM.
Structural analysis of double-layer Shockley stacking faults formed in heavily-nitrogen-doped 4H-SiC during annealing
Authors: Tokuda Y. , Yamashita T. , Kamata I. , Naijo T. , Miyazawa T. , Hayashi S. , Hoshino N. , Kato T. , Okumura H. , Kimoto T. , Tsuchida H.
Published: July 2017

We investigated the structures and expansion behavior of double-Shockley stacking faults (DSFs) formed in heavily nitrogen-doped 4H-SiC during annealing. Heavily doped epilayers prepared as specimens were successively annealed. Various types of DSFs showing different shapes and dislocation contrasts were found in photoluminescence and synchrotron X-ray topography images. Taking account of every possible stacking sequence forming DSFs, the structures of various types of DSFs were determined from observations by plan-view transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cross-sectional high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM. We found that a bounding dislocation enclosing a DSF splits into two partial dislocations (PDs), and their Burgers vectors are identical, while the distance of the two PDs depended on their core structures (30° Si-, 30° C- or 90° C-core). We also discussed the contrast rule for the dislocation consisting of two PDs in the synchrotron X-ray topography images and the mobile PDs for the DSF expansion in the epilayers with different nitrogen concentrations.
Comparison of spacer-less and spacer-filled reverse electrodialysis
Authors: Kwon Kilsung , Park Byung-Ho , Kim Deok Han , Kim Daejoong
Published: July 2017

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a renewable energy technology used to recover dissipated chemical energy in river estuaries globally. This technology has recently attracted significant attention owing to its great reliability and scalability. In this study, we propose the use of a spacer-less RED (i.e., a system in which a woven mesh is excluded from the flow channel). The performance of spacer-less RED, including its gross power density, internal resistance, and hydraulic loss, is compared with that of the spacer-filled RED, in relation to the variation in the inlet flow rate. The mixing enhancement is more important than the spacer shadow effect when considering power generation. The spacer-filled RED has uniform internal resistance over the whole range of flow rates, while the spacer-less RED shows a dramatic decrease in resistance with the increasing flow rate. The hydraulic loss is much lower in the spacer-less RED. The maximal net power, accordingly, is generated at the flow rate of 3 ml/min (for spacer-filled RED) and 12.5 ml/min (for spacer-less RED). In the end, a maximal net power density of 0.62 W/m2 was obtained in both structures.
Design and intelligent control of building integrated photovoltaic system
Authors: Hu Qiqi , Tang Ruoli
Published: July 2017

The concept of building an integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system attracts increasing attention due to its promising performance in energy-saving. However, the efficiency of the BIPV system may rapidly deteriorate when the photovoltaic (PV) array is partially shaded by clouds and shadows of the surrounding buildings. This paper presents a novel configuration of a large-scale BIPV system, and the intelligent maximum power point tracking approach is also studied. First, the PV panels installed on each side of the building are designed as the BIPV units (BIPV-Us) with different sizes, and the size of each BIPV-U is determined by the location and surroundings of the target building. Second, the numerical model of the BIPV system is established as an optimization problem, and an intelligent algorithm in our previous work, namely, decentralizing and coevolving differential evolution, is employed to solve this problem. Finally, the proposed BIPV system is tested by simulation experiments. According to the experimental results, the proposed BIPV system and its intelligent control approach can achieve promising performance under complex urban conditions.
Visual and motor components of action anticipation in basketball and soccer
Authors: Urgesi Cosimo
Published: July 2017

Time demanding sports require the ability to form anticipatory representations of on-going actions to complete missing perceptual information and anticipate timely motor responses. Compared to novices, elite athletes are endowed with unique abilities to foresee, predict and anticipate the future of opponents’ actions. In the present chapter, I use a cognitive neuroscience approach to address the issue of whether and how these superior perceptual abilities derive from athletes’ previous motor experience or visual familiarity. I discuss a series of behavioral and neuroscientific studies that have tested the role of motor and visual components of sport expertise and suggest that excellence in sports relies on complimentary and flexible use of motor and visual anticipatory models of ongoing actions, especially when facing players that attempt to fool the observer.
Intercorporeal enaction and synchrony
Authors: Allen-Collinson Jacquelyn , Hockey John
Published: July 2017

Whilst there exists a substantial literature providing abstract theorizations of sport, there is relatively sparse ethnographic research addressing the mundane practices of actually “doing sport” and specifically, “doing sport together”. To address such lacunae, this chapter offers an in-depth, phenomenologically inspired analysis of training together for distance running as requiring finely attuned interaction and intercorporeality. Here, we focus specifically upon the sensory and interactional work we undertake, which constitutes an essential component in our experience of running-together. Employing sociological phenomenology as the theoretical framework, we draw on data from a collaborative autoethnographic project to explore and analyze in detail our various intercorporeal practices and processes, fundamental to the enaction of training-together for distance running.
Teaching bodies
Authors: Schindler Larissa
Published: July 2017

The article is concerned with teaching and learning embodied knowledge in a martial arts class. It argues that in pair exercises of motion sequences practitioners do not only enact something together in a shared corporeality. Rather, these exercises are also communicative means. We can therefore speak of haptic communication once physical contact between bodies is made in the expectation that the other participant will understand the contact as a sign and react to it in a certain way. In martial arts classes different forms of contact between bodies are accomplished in order to create embodied experience about the movement order the students wish to learn.
Intercorporeality with imaginary bodies
Authors: v. Wedelstaedt Ulrich , Singh Ajit
Published: July 2017

In this chapter we explore the ways in which athletes and their coaches transfer bodily knowledge or alter physical performance. Using video based interaction analysis, we look into cases of trampoline and boxing training and into how imaginary elements matter in them. From there we argue that intercorporeality is not limited to flesh and resistant objects. The imaginary, as an intercorporeal element – established and operating between the participants (and not located in any single mind) – is vital for establishing or altering bodily performance. One of the central elements connecting imagination with bodily knowledge is pain, which often serves as key mediator and thus is here understood as a basic resource for interaction, rather than an individual’s perception of a bodily state.
I am and I am not Charlie
Authors: Pujante David
Published: July 2017

In this paper, I provide a theoretical and analytical approach that seeks to explain cases in which the same events can spark contrasting discourses, and therefore serious conflicts, as well as radical disagreements between social groups.

As an example of one such situation, I have chosen the terrorist shooting at the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo and the discourses related to it. This case will provide the paper’s main object of study and will be explored within the frame of our analytical paradigm, constructivist rhetoric, a new rhetorical paradigm which proves particularly useful when examining cases of this nature.
Media representations of recent human migrations to the United Kingdom and other Western countries
Authors: Floyd Alan
Published: July 2017

In the present study, I consider Western media discourse concerning human migration as construction. Its language is shown to be ideologically slanted to the disadvantage of migrants. Mainstream media outlets during recent decades have reported on events in such a biased and selective way that they are emplotted within a narrative where the world is divided into an in-group of “us” and an out-group of “them,” in this case of autochthonous populations and migrants, respectively. My analysis is centred on the labelling devices, metaphors and transitivity devices used in this genre. I conclude that the language so used in mainstream media outlets influences public understanding of current affairs, but that the increasing diversity of media outlets favours a trend toward greater diversity of opinion.
Critical analysis of an educational discourse practice
Authors: Gómez Francisco Vicente
Published: July 2017

In this chapter, I analyse text commentary as a construction of a discourse genre. As a critical instrument to serve both language and literature teaching, text commentary is a social practice through which political power exerts control over the production of discourses in the area of education. Within this discourse practice, a representative model of the change that took place in Spain in the 1970s is used as an example.

The analysis places the practice of commentary within the ideological practices of power and shows how society shapes a relationship with reality through its discourse about reading and understanding texts. This relationship can be either monological or dialogical. The lack of the latter is an emerging social problem.
Posthumanism and the city
Authors: Molpeceres Sara
Published: July 2017

In this paper, I discuss the underlying ideological conflict behind the concept of the “Smart City.” Sometimes naively praised and embraced as a great technological achievement, the Smart City is a very controversial concept, particularly if we interpret it within the context of posthumanist thinking, which discusses the ways in which technology may forever alter our daily lives, our bodies, our minds and, in the end, the whole identity of human beings.

Within the theoretical and analytical framework the constructivist rhetoric offers, my main goal in the paper will be a reflection on the discursive setting of both posthumanism and the Smart City, along with the analysis of a corpus of political discourses describing the “smart” concept regarding the city of Barcelona.
Cognitive frames, imaginaries and discursive constructions
Authors: Morales-López Esperanza
Published: July 2017

In this paper, I analyse the discourse construction of the “Integral Catalan Cooperative” (or CIC), a social group which emerged in Catalonia a year before the outbreak of the 15M social movement, but which became consolidated after this group pitched their tents in the Plaza de Cataluña in Barcelona. This group is developing an eco-social initiative based on a new form of cooperativism. The data were collected in spring 2014 by means of the ethnographic method of participant observation.

The analysis shows how one of the main functions of its discourses is the development of a new framework or social imaginary, the “integral revolution.” This construction is discursively supported by lexical creativity to designate the new realities they are building, lexicalised metaphors (that is, ontological image-schemas) and other exceptionally creative metaphors.
The functional nature of deictic verbs and the coding patterns of Deixis
Authors: Matsumoto Yo , Akita Kimi , Takahashi Kiyoko
Published: July 2017

This chapter examines the nature of linguistic expressions of Deixis, which is often coded somewhat differently from other components of Path. It is argued that deictic verbs like come are not merely spatial in meaning but also functional. Results of a video-based experiment in English, Japanese, and Thai are reported. These revealed that venitive verbs tend to be used more often when the motion is not just toward the speaker but also into his/her space as defined by limits on interaction and visibility, and that they can be used for motion off the direction of the speaker if it is into the speaker’s functional space. Directional venitive PPs like toward me do not clearly have such properties. The functional nature of deictic verbs can account for the distinct coding patterns of Deixis among different Path components.
Metaphorical motion constructions across specialized genres
Authors: Caballero Rosario
Published: July 2017

In this paper I discuss the metaphorical motivation of the figurative – fictive and metaphorical – motion constructions found in architecture, wine, and tennis texts as the preliminary step to argue for the need to adopt a discourse approach to exploring fictive motion in general. My main contention is that in order to explore this phenomenon particular attention needs to be paid to the topic(s) thus predicated, the users of the metaphors (bringing in the discourse communities they belong to), and the characteristics of the discourses and genre(s) where the expressions are used.
Crossing the road or crossing the mind
Authors: Özçalışkan Şeyda , Stites Lauren J. , Emerson Samantha N.
Published: July 2017

Physical motion constitutes a key aspect of human sensorimotor experience; it also serves as an important experiential domain with which we structure abstract concepts. Moreover, speakers of different languages both talk and gesture about physical motion (e.g. Boy runs through park) in systematically different ways – a pattern of crosslinguistic variation that also applies to metaphorical extensions of motion (e.g. Idea runs through mind). Review of existing research – with methods ranging from more explicit verbal descriptions to more implicit indices of underlying mental processes, including gesture – suggests that sensorimotor experience (i.e. physical motion) and the linguistic expression of this experience in a particular language may play important roles in shaping our expression and conceptualization of more abstract concepts (i.e. metaphorical motion).