bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CALIDAD BIOLÓGICA DE AGUAS RESIDUALES UTILIZADAS PARA RIEGO DE CULTIVOS FORRAJEROS EN TULANCINGO,HIDALGO, MÉXICO
Authors: Hernández-Acosta Elizabeth , Quiñones-Aguilar Evangelina E. , Cristóbal-Acevedo David , Rubiños-Panta Juan E.
Published: May 2014

El uso de aguas residuales para el riego de cultivos forrajeros es una práctica que aumenta día a día en áreas donde el agua, para este fin, es escasa. Sin embargo, los usuarios, al estar en contacto directo con las aguas residuales, padecen enfermedades gastrointestinales a causa de coliformes y parásitos (helmintos). En el presente estudio se evaluaron coliformes fecales (en aguas residuales, suelo y plantas) y helmintos (en aguas residuales) en el módulo II del Distrito de Riego 028, Tulancingo, Hidalgo. El análisis bacteriológico y de helmintos se hizo acorde con las metodologías señaladas en la NMX-AA-003-1980, NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996, PROY NMX-AA-042-SCFI-2008 y en la sección 9810 APHA. Se determinaron 16 sitios de muestreo de aguas en los canales de riego y se tomaron 54 muestras, tanto de suelo como de plantas. Las concentraciones más altas de coliformes fecales fueron 2 x 1010 NMP·100 mL-1 de agua, 109 NMP·100 g-1 de suelo, 109 NMP·100 g-1 de raíz y 3 x 109 NMP·100 g-1 de tallo. Once de los 16 sitios de muestreo tuvieron helmintos. Se sugiere tratar las aguas residuales antes de su uso, para evitar problemas de salud entre los usuarios.
CONTENIDO DE HUMEDAD Y SUSTANCIAS INORGÁNICAS EN SUBPRODUCTOS MADERABLES DE PINO PARA SU USO EN PÉLETS Y BRIQUETAS
Authors: Correa-Méndez Fermín , Carrillo-Parra Artemio , Rutiaga-Quiñones José G. , Márquez-Montesino Francisco , González-Rodríguez Humberto , Jurado-Ybarra Enrique , Garza-Ocañas Fortunato
Published: May 2014

La industria forestal de la cabecera municipal Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro y de la Comunidad Indígena de Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacán, México, generan 1,232 m3·año-1 de aserrín y viruta de pino que son subutilizados. El aserrín y la viruta de Pinus leiophylla Sch. Et Cham., P. montezumae Lamb. y P. pseudostrobus Lindl se analizaron fisicoquímicamente para determinar si reunían los requisitos para la elaboración de pélets y briquetas. El contenido de humedad, ceniza y elementos inorgánicos de los subproductos se determinaron según estándares internacionales. El contenido de humedad en aserrín fue 51.5 ± 1.9 % y 53.7 ± 0.1 % en viruta; estos valores superaron el máximo permisible. El contenido de cenizas en el aserrín y en la viruta fue 0.26 ± 0.03 % y 0.34 ± 0.03 %, respectivamente. En las tres especies evaluadas, el porcentaje medio de Ca, K, Mg, P, S, Si, Fe, Al y Na en el aserrín fue 47.1 ± 2.8, 26.0 ± 2.5, 13.5 ± 0.4, 5.0 ± 0.4, 3.2 ± 0.4, 2.3 ± 0.8, 1.0 ± 0.1, 1.3 ± 0.4 y 1.4 ± 0.3, respectivamente, mientras que el porcentaje medio de Ca, K, Mg, P, S, Si, Fe, Al y Na en la viruta fue 43.2 ± 7.0, 16.5 ± 3.0, 10.1 ± 4.8, 4.0 ± 0.6, 1.8 ± 0.2, 3.6 ± 0.3, 1.0 ± 0.6, 1.1 ± 0.1, y 1.0 ± 0.6, respectivamente. El arsénico sólo se encontró en la viruta (17.1 ± 17.1 %). De acuerdo con los resultados, el aserrín es el subproducto más adecuado para la producción de pélets y briquetas.
ESTRUCTURA Y DIVERSIDAD ARBÓREA DE VEGETACIÓN SECUNDARIA DERIVADA DE UNA SELVA MEDIANA SUBPERENNIFOLIA EN QUINTANA ROO
Authors: Carreón-Santos Roy J. , Valdez-Hernández Juan I.
Published: May 2014

La estructura y diversidad de una selva mediana subperennifolia se analizó en el ejido Andrés Quintana Roo, municipio de Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Quintana Roo. Para ello, se establecieron seis unidades de muestreo de 20 x 50 m (1,000 m2), dos unidades por condición de desarrollo de la selva (edad de la perturbación): a) incendio hace 10 años (C10), b) uso agrícola hace 24 años (C20) y c) uso ganadero hace 33 años (C30). La estructura se caracterizó mediante la distribución diamétrica y de altura de los individuos en cada condición, así como empleando los índices de valor de importancia (IVI) y forestal (IVF). Pouteria reticulata fue la especie con mayor IVI y Ficus sp. tuvo el mayor IVF, ambas en C10 y C20, mientras que Bursera simaruba y Lysiloma latisiliquum obtuvieron los mayores IVI e IVF, respectivamente, en C30. La diversidad se evaluó aplicando índices de abundancia proporcional (Shannon: H’) y semejanza florística (Sorensen: IS). La diversidad de especies de brinzales, fustales y latizales fue mayor en C10, C30 y C20, respectivamente. Los fustales tuvieron, en promedio, semejanzas florísticas de 60 % entre las condiciones de desarrollo de la selva, mientras que los brinzales y latizales tuvieron menos de 50 %.
Turbulent and viscous sediment transport – a numerical study
Authors: Durán O. , Andreotti B. , Claudin P.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Sediment transport is studied as a function of the grain to fluid density ratio using two phase numerical simulations based on a discrete element method (DEM) for particles coupled to a continuum Reynolds averaged description of hydrodynamics. At a density ratio close to unity (typically under water), sediment transport occurs in a thin layer at the surface of the static bed, and is called bed load. Steady, or "saturated" transport is reached when the fluid borne shear stress at the interface between the mobile grains and the static grains is reduced to its threshold value. The number of grains transported per unit surface therefore scales as the excess shear stress. However, the fluid velocity in the transport layer remains almost undisturbed so that the mean grain velocity scales with the shear velocity u*. At large density ratio (typically in air), the vertical velocities are large enough to make the transport layer wide and dilute. Sediment transport is then called saltation. In this case, particles are able to eject others when they collide with the granular bed. The number of grains transported per unit surface is selected by the balance between erosion and deposition and saturation is reached when one grain is statistically replaced by exactly one grain after a collision, which has the consequence that the mean grain velocity remains independent of u*. The influence of the density ratio is systematically studied to reveal the transition between these two transport regimes. Finally, for the subaqueous case, the grain Reynolds number is lowered to investigate the change from turbulent and viscous transport.
Assessing the spatial variability in peak season CO2 exchange characteristics across the Arctic tundra using a light response curve parameterization
Authors: Mbufong H. N. , Lund M. , Aurela M. , Christensen T. R. , Eugster W. , Friborg T. , Hansen B. U. , Humphreys E. R. , Jackowicz-Korczynski M. , Kutzbach L. , Lafleur P. M. , Oechel W. C. , Parmentier F. J. W. , Rasse D. P. , Rocha A. V. , Sachs T. , van der Molen M. M. , Tamstorf M. P.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. This paper aims to assess the functional and spatial variability in the response of CO2 exchange to irradiance across the Arctic tundra during peak season using light response curve (LRC) parameters. This investigation allows us to better understand the future response of Arctic tundra under climatic change. Data was collected using the micrometeorological eddy covariance technique from 12 circumpolar Arctic tundra sites, in the range of 64–74° N. The LRCs were generated for 14 days with peak net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using an NEE -irradiance model. Parameters from LRCs represent site specific traits and characteristics describing: (a) NEE at light saturation (Fcsat), (b) dark respiration (Rd), (c) light use efficiency (α), (d) NEE when light is at 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 (Fc1000), (e) potential photosynthesis at light saturation (Psat) and (f) the light compensation point (LCP). Parameterization of LRCs was successful in predicting CO2 flux dynamics across the Arctic tundra. Yet we did not find any trends in LRC parameters across the whole Arctic tundra but there were indications for temperature and latitudinal differences within sub-regions like Russia and Greenland. Together, LAI and July temperature had a high explanatory power of the variance in assimilation parameters (Fcsat, Fc1000 and Psat), thus illustrating the potential for upscaling CO2 exchange for the whole Arctic tundra. Dark respiration was more variable and less correlated to environmental drivers than was assimilation parameters. Thus, indicating the inherent need to include other parameters such as nutrient availability, substrate quantity and quality in flux monitoring activities.
Measurements of total alkalinity and inorganic dissolved carbon in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent Southern Ocean between 2008 and 2010
Authors: Schuster U. , Watson A. J. , Bakker D. C. E. , de Boer A. M. , Jones E. M. , Lee G. A. , Legge O. , Louwerse A. , Riley J. , Scally S.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Water column dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity were measured during five hydrographic sections in the Atlantic Ocean and Drake Passage. The work was funded through the Strategic Funding Initiative of the UK's Oceans2025 programme, which ran from 2007 to 2012. The aims of this programme were to establish the regional budgets of natural and anthropogenic carbon in the North Atlantic, the South Atlantic, and the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, as well as the rates of change of these budgets. This paper describes in detail the dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity data collected along east–west sections at 47° N to 60° N, 24.5° N, and 24° S in the Atlantic and across two Drake Passage sections. Other hydrographic and biogeochemical parameters were measured during these sections, and relevant standard operating procedures are mentioned here. Over 95% of dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity samples taken during the 24.5° N, 24° S, and the Drake Passage sections were analysed onboard and subjected to a first-level quality control addressing technical and analytical issues. Samples taken along 47° N to 60° N were analysed and subjected to quality control back in the laboratory. Complete post-cruise second-level quality control was performed using cross-over analysis with historical data in the vicinity of measurements, and data were submitted to the CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office (CCHDO), the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) and and will be included in the Global Ocean Data Analyses Project, version 2 (GLODAP 2), the upcoming update of Key et al. (2004).
Lake surface water temperatures of European Alpine lakes (1989–2013) based on the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 1 km data set
Authors: Riffler M. , Wunderle S.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Lake water temperature (LWT) is an important driver of lake ecosystems and it has been identified as an indicator of climate change. Thus, the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) lists LWT as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV). Although for some European lakes long in situ time series of LWT do exist, many lakes are not observed or only on a non-regular basis making these observations insufficient for climate monitoring. Satellite data can provide the information needed. However, only few satellite sensors offer the possibility to analyse time series which cover 25 years or more. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is among these and has been flown as a heritage instrument for almost 35 years. It will be carried on for at least ten more years finally offering a unique opportunity for satellite-based climate studies. Herein we present a satellite-based lake surface water temperature (LSWT) data set for European (pre-alpine) water bodies based on the extensive AVHRR 1 km data record (1989–2013) of the Remote Sensing Research Group at the University of Bern. It has been compiled out of AVHRR/2 (NOAA-07, -09, -11, -14) and AVHRR/3 (NOAA-16, -17, -18, -19 and Metop-A) data. The high accuracy needed for climate related studies requires careful pre-processing and consideration of the atmospheric state. Especially data from NOAA-16 and prior satellites were prone to noise, e.g., due to transmission errors or fluctuations in the instrument's thermal state. This has resulted in partly corrupted thermal calibration data and may cause errors of up to several Kelvin in the final resulting LSWT. Thus, a multi-stage correction scheme has been applied to the data to minimize these artefacts. The LSWT retrieval is based on a simulation-based scheme making use of the Radiative Transfer for TOVS (RTTOV) Version 10 together with operational analysis and reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts. The resulting LSWTs were extensively validated using in situ measurements from lakes with various sizes between 14 and 580 km2 and the resulting biases and RMSEs were found to be within the range of −0.4–0.6 K and 1.0–1.9 K, respectively. The upper limits of the reported errors could be rather attributed to uncertainties in the data comparison between in situ and satellite observations than inaccuracies of the satellite retrieval. The cross-platform consistency of the retrieval was found to be within ~0.2 K. A comparison with LSWT derived through global sea surface temperature (SST) algorithms shows lower RMSEs and biases for the simulation-based approach. A running project will apply the developed method to retrieve LSWT from the northern part of Finland to southern Italy to derive the climate signal of the last 30 years. The data are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.831007.
Snow water equivalent modeling components in NewAge-JGrass
Authors: Formetta G. , Kampf S. K. , David O. , Rigon R.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. This paper presents a package of modified temperature-index-based snow water equivalent models as part of the hydrological modeling system NewAge-JGrass. Three temperature-based snow models are integrated into the NewAge-JGrass modeling system and use many of its components such as those for radiation balance (short wave radiation balance, SWRB), kriging (KRIGING), automatic calibration algorithms (particle swarm optimization) and tests of goodness of fit (NewAge-V), to build suitable modeling solutions (MS). Similarly to all the NewAge-JGrass components, the models can be executed both in raster and in vector mode. The simulation time step can be daily, hourly or sub-hourly, depending on user needs and availability of input data. The MS are applied on the Cache la Poudre River basin (CO, USA) using three test applications. First, daily snow water equivalent is simulated for three different measurement stations for two snow model formulations. Second, hourly snow water equivalent is simulated using all the three different snow model formulae. Finally, a raster mode application is performed to compute snow water equivalent maps for the whole Cache la Poudre Basin.
The coupled atmosphere-chemistry-ocean model SOCOL-MPIOM
Authors: Muthers S. , Anet J. G. , Stenke A. , Raible C. C. , Rozanov E. , Brönnimann S. , Peter T. , Arfeuille F. X. , Shapiro A. I. , Beer J. , Steinhilber F. , Brugnara Y. , Schmutz W.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The newly developed atmosphere–ocean-chemistry-climate model SOCOL-MPIOM is presented by demonstrating the influence of the interactive chemistry module on the climate state and the variability. Therefore, we compare pre-industrial control simulations with (CHEM) and without (NOCHEM) interactive chemistry. In general, the influence of the chemistry on the mean state and the variability is small and mainly restricted to the stratosphere and mesosphere. The largest differences are found for the atmospheric dynamics in the polar regions, with slightly stronger northern and southern winter polar vortices in CHEM. The strengthening of the vortex is related to larger stratospheric temperature gradients, which are attributed to a parametrization of the absorption of ozone and oxygen in the Lyman-alpha, Schumann–Runge, Hartley, and Higgins bands. This effect is parametrized in the version with interactive chemistry only. A second reason for the temperature differences between CHEM and NOCHEM is related to diurnal variations in the ozone concentrations in the higher atmosphere, which are missing in NOCHEM. Furthermore, stratospheric water vapour concentrations differ substantially between the two experiments, but their effect on the temperatures is small. In both setups, the simulated intensity and variability of the northern polar vortex is inside the range of present day observations. Sudden stratospheric warming events are well reproduced in terms of their frequency, but the distribution amongst the winter months is too uniform. Additionally, the performance of SOCOL-MPIOM under changing external forcings is assessed for the period 1600–2000 using an ensemble of simulations driven by a spectral solar forcing reconstruction. The amplitude of the reconstruction is large in comparison to other state-of-the-art reconstructions, providing an upper limit for the importance of the solar signal. In the pre-industrial period (1600–1850) the simulated surface temperature trends are in reasonable agreement with temperature reconstructions, although the multi-decadal variability is more pronounced. This enhanced variability can be attributed to the variability in the solar forcing. The simulated temperature reductions during the Maunder Minimum are in the lowest probability range of the proxy records. During the Dalton Minimum, when also volcanic forcing is an important driver of temperature variations, the agreement is better. In the industrial period from 1850 onward SOCOL-MPIOM overestimates the temperature increase in comparison to observational data sets. Sensitivity simulations show that this overestimation can be attributed to the increasing trend in the solar forcing reconstruction that is used in this study and an additional warming induced by the simulated ozone changes.
Quantification of volatile organic compounds in smoke from prescribed burning and comparison with occupational exposure limits
Authors: Romagnoli E. , Barboni T. , Santoni P.-A. , Chiaramonti N.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Prescribed burning represents a serious threat to personnel fighting fires due to smoke inhalation. The aim of this study was to investigate exposure by foresters to smoke from prescribed burning, focusing on exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The methodology for smoke sampling was first evaluated. Potentially dangerous compounds were identified among the VOCs emitted by smoke fires at four prescribed burning plots located around Corsica. The measured mass concentrations for several toxic VOCs were generally higher than those measured in previous studies due to the experimental framework (short sampling distance between the foresters and the flame, low combustion, wet vegetation). In particular, benzene, phenol and furfural exceeded the legal short-term exposure limits published in Europe and/or the United States. Other VOCs such as toluene, ethybenzene or styrene remained below the exposure limits. In conclusion, clear and necessary recommendations were made for protection of personnel involved in fighting fires.
Modelling environmental influences on calving at Helheim Glacier in eastern Greenland
Authors: Cook S. , Rutt I. C. , Murray T. , Luckman A. , Zwinger T. , Selmes N. , Goldsack A. , James T. D.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Calving is an important mass-loss process for many glaciers worldwide, and has been assumed to respond to a variety of environmental influences. We present a grounded, flowline tidewater glacier model using a physically-based calving mechanism, applied to Helheim Glacier, eastern Greenland. By qualitatively examining both modelled size and frequency of calving events, and the subsequent dynamic response, the model is found to realistically reproduce key aspects of observed calving behaviour. Experiments explore four environmental variables which have been suggested to affect calving rates: water depth in crevasses, basal water pressure, undercutting of the calving face by submarine melt and backstress from ice mélange. Of the four variables, only crevasse water depth and basal water pressure were found to have a significant effect on terminus behaviour when applied at a realistic magnitude. These results are in contrast to previous modelling studies, which have suggested that ocean temperatures could strongly influence the calving front. The results raise the possibility that Greenland outlet glaciers could respond to the recent trend of increased surface melt observed in Greenland more strongly than previously thought, as surface ablation can strongly affect water depth in crevasses and water pressure at the glacier bed.
The impact of cooling methods on microbiological quality of broiler carcasses
Authors: Popelka Peter , Pipová Monika , Nagy Jozef , Nagyová Alena , Fečkaninová Adriana , Figeľ Jozef
Published: May 2014

The aim of this work was to compare two chilling methods, combined (aerosol) and water chilling, in terms of their effectiveness in chilling of different weight categories of broiler chickens. At the same time microbial associations of different weight categories of broiler chickens were evaluated. Samples were collected in an approved establishment and poultry carcasses were divided according to weight and chilling methods into five categories. The first four categories were chilled using combined chilling method and fifth category was chilled with water. The temperature of the breast muscle before and after chilling and microbiological parameters (total viable count, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella) was measured. By comparing the temperature of the breast muscle after combined chilling method was not achieved in the breast muscles temperature below 4 °C in all weight categories. In any case, the lowest average temperature has been reached in the weight category <1.2 kg (4.9 °C) and with increasing weight, the average temperature was rising, and the highest was in weight category 1.8 to 2.5 kg (10.8 °C). Poultry carcasses were subsequently divided into portions and after cutting were chilled up to a temperature below 4 °C. In poultry carcasses chilled by water, the average temperature of the breast muscle after 20 minutes in the water bath was even higher (19.6 °C) compared to combine chilling. Thus chilled poultry carcasses were frozen up to -18 °C in a core of muscles. Comparing the microbiological contamination in different weight categories and chilling techniques, we found that the lowest total viable count (TVC) before and after chilling was in the lowest category and the difference before chilling was significantly lower comparing with all other categories. Conversely TVC after chilling by water was decreased. In comparing the number of Enterobacteriaceae before and after chilling, a similar pattern of contamination as above was found. Microbiological examination of samples of poultry carcasses did not detect the presence of Salmonella.
Detection of native starches in meat products using histochemical Lugol Calleja method
Authors: Pospiech Matej , Petrášová Michaela , Tremlová Bohuslava , Randulová Zdeňka
Published: May 2014

Starch has been still used in food industry today as one of the main additives in foodstuffs. The reason for the use of starches in foodstuffs is their ability to bind water and to contribute to the coherent structure of the final product. However, the presence of starch in some foodstuffs is limited by legislation. These are especially meat products where legislation prohibits using starches. This study deals with determination of native starches using histochemical Lugol Calleja staining in meat products. The targeted structures of this successive staining are starches and collagen ligaments. Other structures can also be detected, based on the knowledge of their morphology. Within the scope of this study, the possibility of histochemical proof on the basis of reaction between Lugol's iodine solution and starch amylose was demonstrated. From the samples analyzed, the following criteria for the method were determined: Repeatability and repeatability of intralaboratory results was 100%, selectivity was determined to be 1.03, specificity of the method was determined to be 0.9, limit of detection was established to be 100% for 0.001 g.kg-1 of the addition, and 87.7% for the concentration of 0.0001 g.kg-1 of the starch addition. Based on the results it is obvious that the method is suitable for determination of native starches in meat products, and, in combination with staining of other foodstuffs ingredients, it gives a complex view of the composition and structure of the meat product.
Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in bulk tank milk and milk filters
Authors: Bogdanovičová Kateřina , Skočková Alena , Šťástková Zora , Karpí­šková Renáta
Published: May 2014

This work is focused on the monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus prevalence in raw milk and milk filters, its antibiotic resistance and detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Samples of raw cow´s milk and milk filters were collected in the period from 2012 till 2014, from 50 dairy farms in the Czech Republic. The total of 261 samples (164 samples of raw milk and 97 milk filters) were cultivated on Baird-Parker agar. Both the typical and atypical colonies were examined by plasmacoagulase test and PCR method was used for detection of species specific fragment SA442 and mecA gene. Standard disk diffusion method was used to determinate resistance to antimicrobial agents. The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus was detected on 25 farms (50%). The antimicrobial resistance showed differences between the farms. Total of 58 samples were positive for Staphylococcus aureus, of which were 37 (14.2%) isolated from raw milk samples and 21 (8.1%) from milk filters. From these samples we isolated 62 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 41 isolates bacteria S. aureus from raw milk (66.1%) and 21 isolates S. aureus from milk filters (33.9%). The presence of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates was low, most of them were resistant to amoxicilin. According to the results obtained by the PCR method for the methicillin - resistant S. aureus (MRSA), the mecA gene was present in 6 strains (9.7%), 4 isolates obtained from milk samples (6.5%) and 2 isolates from milk filters (3.2%).  These isolates can be considered as a possible source of resistance genes, which can be spread through the food chain. Nowadays, a globally unfavourable increasing trend of prevalence of methicillin resistant staphylococci strains especially Staphylococcus aureus is being observed worldwide. The improper hygiene and poor farm management practices contributed to the presence of S. aureus in the milk. This may have contributed to the high level of S. aureus isolated. Improving the hygienic conditions of the milking environment and utensils may reduce the prevalence of S. aureus in milk. Objective of this study was monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus prevalence and determine the prevalence rate of antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus isolated from raw milk and milk filters in the Czech Republic.
The Borat Effect: Film-Induced Tourism Gone Wrong
Authors: Pratt Stephen
Published: May 2014

This research estimates the economic impact of an increase in tourism to Kazakhstan as a result of the film Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan, released in 2006. The film, controversial for its shock value, portrayed Kazakhstan in a negative light, yet raised awareness of the country as a tourist destination. Despite the negative depiction of Kazakhstan, international tourist expenditure increased by 6.4%. However, the increase in tourism was estimated to have an overall adverse effect on the economy. This adverse effect on the rest of the economy overshadowed the positive benefits of tourism.
Wnt-Responsive Cancer Stem Cells Are Located Close to Distorted Blood Vessels and Not in Hypoxic Regions in a p53-Null Mouse Model of Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Vadakkan Tegy J. , Landua John D. , Bu Wen , Wei Wei , Li Fuhai , Wong Stephen T.C. , Dickinson Mary E. , Rosen Jeffrey M. , Lewis Michael T. , Zhang Mei
Published: May 2014

Cancer stem cells (CSCs, or tumor-initiating cells) may be responsible for tumor formation in many types of cancer, including breast cancer. Using high-resolution imaging techniques, we analyzed the relationship between a Wnt-responsive, CSC-enriched population and the tumor vasculature using p53-null mouse mammary tumors transduced with a lentiviral Wnt signaling reporter. Consistent with their localization in the normal mammary gland, Wnt-responsive cells in tumors were enriched in the basal/myoepithelial population and generally located in close proximity to blood vessels. The Wnt-responsive CSCs did not colocalize with the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-positive cells in these p53-null basal-like tumors. Average vessel diameter and vessel tortuosity were increased in p53-null mouse tumors, as well as in a human tumor xenograft as compared with the normal mammary gland. The combined strategy of monitoring the fluorescently labeled CSCs and vasculature using high-resolution imaging techniques provides a unique opportunity to study the CSC and its surrounding vasculature.
Everyday Life Situations of School-Aged Children with Severe Disabilities: What are the Goals for the Future? An Exploratory Study
Authors: Adolfsson Margareta , Westerberg Christina , Möller Kerstin
Published: May 2014

This study investigated present and future everyday life situations (ELS) in home, school, work, and leisure environments for a group of school-aged children with severe disabilities, including complex disorders and a combination of disabilities. The purpose was to explore universal ELS; clarify how the children can be supported in their development of autonomy; and to gather information on potential overall goals for interventions. To make data comparable, all reported ELS were linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Child and Youth version (ICF-CY) and listed along with information on the setting. Both today, and in the future, recreational activities and participation in school or work were of highest importance, but few reported ELS involved directly interacting with other children. More ELS were predicted to occur outside the home and with a higher degree of autonomy. Therefore, interventions would be focused on the overall goal that children with severe disabilities take initiatives to become independent and to form relationships with others.
Cognitive Algebra Underlying Special Education Teachers’ and Psychology Students’ Attitudes Towards School Inclusion of People with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Morales Guadalupe Elizabeth , Lopez Ernesto Octavio , Villarreal-Treviño María  Guadalupe , Montalvo Emily Samantha , Mezquita-Hoyos Yanko Norberto , Castro-Sanchez Marcela Estefania
Published: May 2014

Attitudes towards regular school inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are affected by factors such as disability severity, educational level, and teacher experience. Nevertheless, the ways that teachers integrate these factors to form inclusion judgments remains unclear. The current paper explores what systematic cognitive algebra rules are used to cognitively integrate this set of inclusion factors by special education teachers and psychology students. To do so, 469 special education teachers and psychology students were asked to take part in two experimental cognitive algebra studies. In each study, participants had to read a set of school inclusion scenarios and rate the probability that a scenario actor with ID could be successfully integrated into a regular school program. To this purpose, factor effects on successful school inclusion and ID related to individuality, situational aspects, and contextual considerations (e.g., school environment, grade level taught) were explored. Results suggested that participants showed attitudes to school inclusion ranking from light to moderate positive values. Situational factors, as well as context factors, were judged to be more significant than other factors in elementary education. These factors were integrated by following a cognitive summative rule. Overall, judgment for successful school inclusion follows a summative rule to integrate sources of information. This rule is maintained irrespective of the disability under consideration. However, valuation of each source of information does depend on the type of the current study sample. Implications of these results for inclusion of people with disabilities in regular schools are discussed in this paper.
Intellectual Disability and Psychiatric Diagnoses of Children and Adolescents with a History of Stressful Events and Social Deprivation in Brazil: Preliminary Results. IQ, Depression and Stress
Authors: Oliveira Paula Approbato de , Moreira Carolina Fuentes , Scivoletto Sandra , Rocca Cristiana Castanho de Almeida , Fuentes Daniel , Cunha Paulo Jannuzzi
Published: May 2014

Background: Studies have shown that stressful events in childhood are associated with impairments in cognitive functions and intellectual disability.
Objective: Compare the intellectual functioning in groups of Brazilian children and adolescents with a history of stressful events with lifetime history of depression and without lifetime history of depression.
Method: 30 children and adolescents underwent psychiatric evaluation and neuropsychological assessment of estimated intellectual quotient (EIQ), verbal knowledge, and visuospatial skills.
Results: 15 patients (50%) had EIQ within the average and 6 had EIQ in the lower average (20%) for Brazilian standardized norms. The other part had at least some degree of intellectual disability and they were classified as: 2 mild mental retardation (6.7%) and 7 borderline (23.3%). Also, half of the sample had at least one lifetime depressive episode, and the performance in EIQ and visuospatial skills was worse in this group.
Conclusion: 50% of the children and adolescents with a history of early stressful events and social deprivation had at least some degree of intellectual disability. In addition, a subgroup with history of depressive episodes had worse EIQ performance when compared to those without depression, possibly due to a greater impairment in visuospatial skills. The specific role of impaired right cerebral hemisphere, corpus callosum, and prefrontal cortex associated with depressive disorders and maltreatment should be investigated in further studies.
Assessment of Vitamin D Supplementation in People with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Zabalza Ramón , Múgica Iñaki , Sistiaga Fernando , Garrido Adolfo , Emparanza José Ignacio , Zubillaga Paul
Published: May 2014

Vitamin D levels are often lower than recommended among certain groups, and these so-called at risk populations include institutionalised people with intellectual disabilities. The administration of vitamin D supplements does normalize these levels, but they tend to fall again when treatment is discontinued. The objectives of this study were, first, to assess whether the administration of 20,000 IU of cholecalciferol monthly and 60,000 IU quarterly over a year provide similar satisfactory results, and second, to explore whether the results are associated with following variables: sex, antiepileptic medication, being a wheelchair user or able to walk, and being a resident or day care user. The study population was composed of 204 individuals of both sexes cared for in four centres of the same institution. There were no differences between the levels reached with monthly and quarterly administration. The overall results show that, at the end of the test period, total 25(OH)vitamin D levels were <30 nmol/L in 3.5% of participants, 30 to < 50 nmol/L in 34%, 50 to <75 nmol/L in 41% and ≥75 nmol/L in 21.5%. There were significant differences between centres. We did not observe any harmful adverse effects attributable to the treatment. To conclude, we propose the continuous systematic administration of 60,000 IU of cholecalciferol every three months in this at-risk population.
Living Conditions in Retirement Homes in the Czech Republic and Austria from Seniors’ Point of View
Authors: Mathová L. , Formánková P.
Published: May 2014

Senior citizens generally face more challenging life situations than other people (death of people close to them, deteriorating health, loss of social status, leaving home, etc.) – even multiple such situations at one time – and must cope with them. The focus of this report is one of these situations: the life of senior citizens in a retirement home, which is a type of residential social services. Objective: The objective of this research was to map the living conditions of seniors living in 1 retirement home in the Písek region (Czech Republic) and in 1 retirement home in the Innsbruck region (Austria). METHODS: The enquiry method was chosen for the research. A semi-standardised interview with 40 seniors was carried out as part of routine data collection. The topics of the interview were compiled as to cover areas related to residential standards, eating, economic situation, maintaining of social contacts, use of free time and assessment of health care. RESULTS: The research showed that both Czech and Austrian seniors assess their living conditions in the home as good. The respondents gave positive feedback on the clean environment, health and nursing care and the rate of participation in events organised in the homes. What the seniors found positive is maintaining social contacts and they prefer the availability of the above-standard service provided in the home. CONCLUSION: The research also showed that the reason for moving into the retirement home is primarily health problems and the related fear of compromised independence.
Arquivos Brasileiros de Ciências da Saúde: balanço 2007–2012
Authors: Souto Ricardo Peres do
Published: May 2014

Resumo não disponível.
Caracterização da diversidade funcional motora e autonomia de sujeito com amiotrofia muscular espinhal tipo III
Authors: Oliveira Ana Ivone Antonia de , Cunha Márcia Cristina Bauer
Published: May 2014

Introdução: Conforme a Organização Mundial da Saúde existem no mundo aproximadamente 610 milhões de pessoas com algum tipo de deficiência. As doenças neuromusculares (DNM) causam deficiências que levam à incapacidade física por perda de força. Entre as DNMs, a atrofia muscular espinhal (AME) é uma doença genética que afeta o corpo do neurônio motor na ponta anterior da medula espinhal. Relato de Caso: Realizado estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa e exploratória sobre um indivíduo com diagnóstico de AME tipo III (Doença de Kugelberg-Welander). A coleta de dados ocorreu de janeiro a março de 2012 por meio de questionário elaborado pelos autores contendo 20 questões sobre autonomia e independência individual. O sujeito relata infância típica de criança com deficiência motora, a importância da vida profissional e relacionamento social para sua satisfação pessoal. Ressalta seu esforço para ajudar outros indivíduos com diversidade funcional. Percebe-se a importância de tecnologia assistiva a sua vida. Conclusão: O estudo apresenta um indivíduo cuja deficiência não impediu que lutasse para ter uma vida satisfatória dentro dos seus próprios limites.
Efeitos da dieta hipocalórica sobre a função endotelial em adultos obesos
Authors: Ghetti Fabiana De Faria , Laterza Mateus Camaroti
Published: May 2014

A obesidade é uma doença inflamatória crônica caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de gordura no tecido adiposo. Componentes fisiopatológicos decorrentes do excesso de gordura corporal, como alterações no balanço de adipocinas, resistência insulínica e aumento de mediadores inflamatórios, promovem disfunção endotelial, e, consequentemente, maior risco de morbidade e mortalidade de origem cardiovascular. Por outro lado, a adoção de dieta hipocalórica tem sido recomendada como medida não farmacológica para o tratamento da obesidade. Portanto, o objetivo desse artigo foi o de realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os efeitos da dieta hipocalórica na função endotelial em adultos com obesidade. Foram analisados 26 artigos com os descritores dieta redutora, restrição calórica e perda de peso, combinados com os termos vasodilatação e endotélio, publicados nas bases de dados eletrônicas Medline e Scielo. Foi possível observar que a dieta hipocalórica, quando associada à perda de peso corporal, melhora os parâmetros metabólicos, inflamatórios, hemodinâmicos e neurovasculares, os quais promovem melhora da função endotelial em indivíduos obesos. Entretanto, para que esses benefícios sejam obtidos, a dieta deve ser individualizada, balanceada e com orientação e prescrição de especialistas.
Treinamento muscular respiratório em pacientes em desmame da ventilação mecânica
Authors: Pascotini Fernanda Dos Santos , Denardi Camila , Nunes Graziana Oliveira , Trvisan Maria Elaine , Antunes Vívian Da Pieve
Published: May 2014

Introdução: A fraqueza da musculatura respiratória é uma das principais causas da dificuldade e/ou insucesso no desmame. Para minimizar os efeitos da ventilação mecânica (VM) prolongada, os fisioterapeutas utilizam o treinamento muscular respiratório, sendo o Threshold IMT® o método mais utilizado. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do treinamento muscular respiratório com o uso do aparelho Threshold IMT®, sobre parâmetros respiratórios de pacientes em desmame da VM. Métodos: Os pacientes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupo controle e grupo experimental (GI e GII). Foram avaliados no primeiro dia do início do desmame quanto à força muscular respiratória: Pressão inspiratória máxima/Pressão Expiratória Máxima (PImáx/PEmáx), volume corrente (VC), frequência respiratória (FR) e cardíaca (FC). Diariamente, durante sete dias, o GI recebeu três sessões de fisioterapia convencional e o GII realizou, adicionalmente, treinamento muscular respiratório (TMR) com o Threshold IMT®, uma vez ao dia, no período da tarde, conectado à traqueostomia, sendo três séries de dez repetições com carga de 20% da PImáx. Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente, adotando-se o nível de significância α=0,05. Resultados: Observou-se aumento (p=0,02) na FR e redução da PImáx (p=0,04) no GI, demonstrando aumento do trabalho respiratório e perda de força muscular entre o primeiro e sétimo dia de desmame. No GII, as variáveis não sofreram alterações significativas, observando-se a manutenção da função respiratória. Conclusão: Sendo assim, o TMR foi benéfico, garantindo a manutenção dos parâmetros respiratórios, podendo ser um aliado para o desmame.
A sphingolipid-dependent diffusion barrier confines ER stress to the yeast mother cell
Authors: Clay Lori , Caudron Fabrice , Denoth-Lippuner Annina , Boettcher Barbara , Buvelot Frei Stéphanie , Snapp Erik Lee , Barral Yves
Published: May 2014

In many cell types, lateral diffusion barriers compartmentalize the plasma membrane and, at least in budding yeast, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the molecular nature of these barriers, their mode of action and their cellular functions are unclear. Here, we show that misfolded proteins of the ER remain confined into the mother compartment of budding yeast cells. Confinement required the formation of a lateral diffusion barrier in the form of a distinct domain of the ER-membrane at the bud neck, in a septin-, Bud1 GTPase- and sphingolipid-dependent manner. The sphingolipids, but not Bud1, also contributed to barrier formation in the outer membrane of the dividing nucleus. Barrier-dependent confinement of ER stress into the mother cell promoted aging. Together, our data clarify the physical nature of lateral diffusion barriers in the ER and establish the role of such barriers in the asymmetric segregation of proteotoxic misfolded proteins during cell division and aging.
PRINCÍPIOS DE INCERTEZA, ESTADO ESTACIONÁRIO E EVOLUÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL NA ANÁLISE SISTÊMICA DAS RELAÇÕES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS NO TURISMO
Authors: Santos Lobo Heros Augusto
Published: May 2014

A teoria geral dos sistemas se baseia na análise integrada das relações espaço-temporais entre os seus elementos, sua matriz e os processos decorrentes. Nos sistemas turísticos, os estudos realizados têm enfocado a descrição de seus componentes e algumas de suas relações de interação. O presente estudo trata dos processos entre os elementos e a matriz dos sistemas turísticos, considerando a complexidade dos sistemas abertos, sua homeostase e entropia face à capacidade de suporte no processamento dos inputs recebidos, e questões ligadas ao seu estado estacionário, à sua manutenção e ao colapso do sistema por causas estruturais-determinísticas ou mesmo estocásticas. Nas considerações finais, ressalta-se a baixa similaridade dos processos desenvolvidos nos diferentes sistemas turísticos e em distintos momentos espaço-temporais em um mesmo sistema, ressaltando a impossibilidade prática da geração de modelos universais para os sistemas turísticos.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Anjos Sara Joana Gadotti dos , Corrêa Cynthia Harumy Watanabe
Published: May 2014

Editorial da RBTur, 6(1), jan./abr. 2012.
THE LEARNING PROCESS OF THE USE OF TECHNOLOGIES AS PRACTICE: AN ETHNOMETHODOLOGICAL APPROACH IN TRAVEL AGENCIES
Authors: Bispo Marcelo de Souza , Godoy Arilda Schmidt
Published: May 2014

Technology and the internet are transforming social relations and the way of working and organizing of organizations in different markets. In this way, travel agencies were also impacted by these changes and are facing a time of transition and rediscovery. This paper uses the Practice-based studies (Gherardi, 2006) and ethonomethodology (Garfinkel, 2006) to understand the impact of technology in this kind of organization through a qualitative empirical research. The aim of the paper is to comprehend the process of learning that permeates the use of information and communication technologies, particularly the internet, as work practice in a travel agency and how it can reassemble this kind of organization. As main findings, the paper discusses the use of information and communication technologies as practice and their impact in the learning, knowing and organizing processes inside three travel agencies of a Brazilian company.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA VITIVINICULTURA E AS POSSIBILIDADES DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DE ROTEIROS ENOTURÍSTICOS NA REGIÃO DE SÃO JOAQUIM (SC, BRASIL)
Authors: Losso Flavia Baratieri , Pereira Raquel Maria Fontes do Amaral
Published: May 2014

Partindo da análise das origens e desenvolvimento da vitivinicultura na região de São Joaquim (SC), o presente artigo propõe roteiros enoturísticos para uma área da Serra Catarinense já reconhecida por sua experiência com o segmento de turismo no espaço rural, com base em seus recursos paisagísticos e climáticos. Visando a consecução desses objetivos são enfocados a introdução e o desenvolvimento da produção de vinhos finos, bem como da atividade turística na região. Apesar de a investigação ter como foco central os municípios de Bom Retiro, São Joaquim, Urubici e Urupema, onde se encontram as empresas vitivinícolas com vinhos lançados no mercado desde 2004, a área de abrangência da pesquisa inclui também os municípios de Bom Jardim da Serra e Lages, em razão do seu significado para o incremento de atividades ligadas ao turismo. Como base teórica fundamental é utilizada a categoria de formação sócio-espacial aliada à ideia de combinações geográficas que, na análise do espaço geográfico, considera o modo como se combinam, ao longo do tempo, os elementos físicos, biológicos e humanos. O interesse pela vitivinicultura de altitude, suas origens, evolução e panorama atual em Santa Catarina, decorre do entendimento de que essa realidade apresenta-se como um novo potencial a ser explorado pelo turismo, tendo em vista as características paisagísticas singulares das áreas produtoras, os novos parâmetros de articulação dos recursos disponíveis e as estratégias de competitividade que tem afetado o mercado global e nacional de vinhos. Assim, pois, o cultivo da uva e a produção de vinhos na região de São Joaquim representam uma alternativa para o incremento da oferta turística regional, a partir da definição e implantação de roteiros para a prática do enoturismo.
Editorial
Authors: Anjos Sara Joana Gadotti dos
Published: May 2014

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Psychedelic Therapy Scrutinized by FDA Advisory Committee?
Authors: Marks Mason
Published: July 2024

This Viewpoint analyzes the Psychopharmacologic Drugs Advisory Committee’s decisions regarding 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine–assisted therapy and what they mean for psychedelic research.