bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Unique Integrated Care Competencies to Inform Health Profession Curriculum Development
Authors: Moran Monica , Martin Priya , O'Keefe Maree , Steketee Carole
Published: January 2025

Background

Integrated care can enhance health outcomes for patients, as well as improve healthcare efficiency for organisations. However, it is unclear what values and competencies health professionals need to develop at the pre‐qualification stage to engage in integrated care practice upon graduation. Therefore, this review aimed to identify published integrated care competencies for professional entry health professional education programmes.

Methods

Guided by the systematic search methods of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses, PubMed and CINAHL were searched for publications between January 2013 and December 2022. A two‐stage screening process was used to determine eligibility of papers against the set inclusion criteria.

Findings

The initial search yielded 493 articles, with 35 articles eligible for full text screening. Of these, five articles addressed integrated care curriculum in a general sense and were included in the review. The focus of these articles was mainly educational activities and professional attributes deemed important for students to experience and develop if they are to work across sectors and systems. However, no studies described a specific set of integrated care competencies for students enrolled in any health discipline at professional entry level.

Discussion

Since our review, several frameworks covering a broad range of professional competency domains for integrated care have been recently published. A distillation of these frameworks is now needed to identify the unique capabilities required for new health professionals to deliver integrated care.

Conclusion

Educators now need specific integrated care competencies so they can create appropriate, learning, teaching and assessment experiences for pre‐entry students.
A Critical Analysis of Current Characterizations of Categorical Properties: Their Insufficiencies in Addressing the Individuation Regress in Dispositionalism
Authors: Yu Jing
Published: January 2025

Dispositionalism confronts the well‐known challenge of the regress of the individuation of dispositional properties. Proposed solutions to this issue can be broadly categorised into two types: Alexander Bird's holistic‐graph approach, which asserts that dispositional properties can be uniquely individuated by their positions within the holistic graph formed by manifestation‐stimulus relations, and the dispositional‐categorical mixed/dual views, which introduce non‐dispositional (categorical) properties to circumvent the regress. This article critically examines the latter approach, contending that the current characterizations of categorical properties within this framework are problematic. These characterizations either obscure the very nature of the mixed/dual views, undermine the fundamentality and objectivity of categorical properties, or inadvertently reintroduce dispositional elements. In the first two cases, categorical properties fail to serve as a viable solution to the individuation regress. In cases where dispositional elements are inadvertently introduced, the regress remains unresolved unless proponents of the mixed/dual views invoke a holistic graph ostensibly distinct from Bird's. However, upon closer examination, this article demonstrates that such a holistic graph ultimately proves identical to Bird's. Consequently, adopting this approach would render the mixed/dual view redundant, failing to offer a distinct and independent resolution to the problem. By demonstrating the deficiencies in these characterizations, this article compels mixed/dual theorists to devise alternative characterizations of categorical properties.
Comparative efficacy and safety of ilunocitinib and oclacitinib for the control of pruritus and associated skin lesions in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Forster Sophie , Boegel Annette , Despa Simona , Trout Candace , King Stephen
Published: January 2025

Background

Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have been shown to reduce pruritus and improve associated inflammatory skin lesions in canine atopic dermatitis (cAD).

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ilunocitinib, in comparison to oclacitinib, for the control of cAD in a randomised, blinded trial.

Animals

Three‐hundred‐and‐thirty‐eight dogs with cAD.

Materials and Methods

Dogs were randomised to receive oclacitinib (0.4–0.6 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days; then once daily) or ilunocitinib (0.6–0.8 mg/kg once daily), for up to 112 days. Owners assessed pruritus using an enhanced Visual Analog Scale (PVAS). Investigators assessed skin lesions using the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th interaction (CADESI‐04).

Results

Reduction in pruritus and CADESI‐04 scores was similar for both treatment groups from Day (D)0–D14. PVAS scores increased between D14 and D28 for oclacitinib and decreased for ilunocitinib. On D28 to D112, mean PVAS and CADESI‐04 scores were significantly lower for ilunocitinib compared to oclacitinib (p ≤ 0.003 and p ≤ 0.023, respectively). On D28 to D112, a greater number of ilunocitinib‐treated dogs achieved clinical remission of pruritus (i.e. PVAS score <2). Subjective assessment of overall response was significantly better for ilunocitinib on D28 to D112 (p ≤ 0.002). Both drugs demonstrated similar safety throughout the study.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Ilunocitinib rapidly and safely controlled signs of cAD. Ilunocitinib demonstrated significantly better control of pruritus and skin lesions compared to oclacitinib, with more dogs achieving clinical remission of pruritus.
Potentilla rhizoma (Rosaceae), a new species in Korea
Authors: SUN Eun-Mi , YANG JiYoung , KIM Seung-Chul , CHUNG Kyong-Sook , IM Hyoung-Tak
Published: January 2025

A new species, Potentilla rhizoma H.T. Im, was found in the eastern area of central Korea. Potentilla rhizoma has similar morphological characters on its aerial parts to P. fragarioides but differs due to its thick vigorously growing rhizomes.
Complete chloroplast genome of Syzygium glomeratum (Myrtaceae) and phylogenetic analysis
Authors: QUANG Minh Trong , HUYNH Thu-Thao Thi
Published: January 2025

Syzygium glomeratum (Lam.) DC., known as “Tram Tron” in Vietnam, is an evergreen tree known for its medicinal properties. To understand the genomic and evolutionary basis of this plant, we sequenced and assembled the complete chloroplast genome of S. glomeratum for the first time, using the Illumina platform. The complete chloroplast of S. glomeratum was 158,469 bp in length and contained a large single-copy region (87,962 bp) and a small single-copy region (18,391 bp) separated by inverted repeat regions (26,058 bp). The genome encoded 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. A phylogenetic analysis of 42 Syzygium species revealed significant insight into their evolutionary relationships, indicating a closer relationship between S. glomeratum and its sister group (S. cinereum and S. claviflorum). In conclusion, our results provide genomic information pertaining to the chloroplast genome in S. glomeratum, which is also genetic information useful for further study of biodiversity, conservation, and evolutionary biology.
Respiratory muscle endurance training among patients with chronic diseases: A systematic review of available evidence
Authors: Laurent Hélène , Costes Frédéric , Richard Ruddy , Filaire Marc
Published: January 2025

This systematic review summarizes the available evidence on respiratory muscle endurance training involving voluntary isocapnic hyperpnoea among patients with chronic diseases. It includes both randomized and non‐randomized controlled trials implementing this exercise training modality performed either alone or in combination with other interventions. It was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Cochrane and ReeDOC. It was drafted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The final analysis was conducted on 12 studies (n = 257). There was heterogeneity in participants, training modalities and comparators used. The underpowered level of evidence is attributable to the lack of robustness of the original studies, including a lack of description of the intervention, lack of blinding, and missing data. Respiratory muscle endurance training is an exercise training modality that is both safe and feasible, even in the setting of the patient's home. It increases respiratory endurance time. However, its effect on peak oxygen consumption at exercise, maximal work rate, 6‐min walking distance, quality of life, dyspnoea and fatigue remains to be confirmed. In conclusion, this systematic review shows that respiratory muscle endurance training increases respiratory endurance among patients with chronic diseases. The populations that benefit the most and the mechanisms involved remain to be investigated. Further high‐quality studies are needed to understand its role, whether it is performed alone or as an add‐on modality to usual pulmonary rehabilitation programmes.
Modeling and Simulation of Solar Compound Parabolic Concentrator-Integrated Low-Temperature Thermal Desalination System
Authors: Muthuvairavan Guna , Kopalakrishnaswami Arjun Singh , Venkatesan G , Natarajan Sendhil Kumar
Published: January 2025

This study introduces an innovative approach to saline water desalination using a stationary compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) to power a low-temperature thermal desalination (LTTD) system. The integration of CPC into LTTD was thermodynamically modeled and simulated under tropical climatic conditions. Key parameters, including hot feed saline water temperature, temperature gradient, cold-water inlet temperature, feed saline water flowrate, flash chamber pressure, and varying salinity levels, were examined for their impact on freshwater production. Additionally, the design requirements for CPC arrays and economic considerations were thoroughly analyzed to achieve a large-scale freshwater production capacity of 1000 L/day. The results showed that increasing the thermal gradient, feed saline water temperature, and flowrate, while decreasing the flash chamber pressure, significantly enhanced freshwater production. For example, as the temperature gradient increased from 7 °C to 20 °C, the average freshwater yield rose from 75.23 L /h to 120.19 L /h. Achieving the target freshwater production required 126 to 152 CPC units with an area of approximately 3 m2 for hot feed saline water temperatures between 37 °C and 50 °C. Furthermore, increasing the feed saline water flowrate from 7500 L /h to 22,500 L /h resulted in a 66.48% increase in freshwater yield. Reducing flash chamber pressure from 12.35 kPa to 4.5 kPa led to a substantial increase in potable water production, ranging from 21.65% to 90.9% across different temperature gradients. The study also evaluated the effects of salinity levels, finding a slight decrease in freshwater production with higher salinity.
Selective molecular gas phase etching in layered high aspect-ratio nanostructures for semiconductor processing. II. Experiments and model validation
Authors: Zajo Zach , Mui David S. L. , Zhu Ji , Shari’ati Yusef , Kawaguchi Mark , Shaqfeh Eric S. G.
Published: January 2025

A simulation model for selective molecular gas etching in nanostructures has been described in Paper I [Z. Zajo et al. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 43, 013006 (2025)], in which the transport of molecules was modeled as Knudsen diffusion in the free-molecular flow regime and the surface reactions were modeled using (i) a simple linear model and (ii) a Langmuir adsorption based model. In this paper, we complete experiments on etching of stacked SiGe-Si structures by molecular F2 and compare the results of experiments and the predictions from the model mentioned above. The results of our investigation show that the transport of F2 in the nanostructures is in the nearly total re-emission regime for the range of process parameters and length scales involved in our experiments and that only a very small fraction of the incoming F2 flux reacts with SiGe. This is evidenced by the small values of estimated sticking coefficients on SiGe (∼10−6–10−3) from the linear model as well as the small values of the reaction rate constant on SiGe relative to the F2 flux on an open surface, k2/J (∼10−7–10−4) with the exact value being dependent on Ge% and the temperature at which the etching is performed. This enables the achievement of uniform etch rates across all layers in highly stacked nanostructures as required in the fabrication of gate-all-around nanotransistors. We also estimate the surface reaction rate constants as well as the activation energies as a function of Ge% for SiGe etching by F2, and the results are consistent with the observed Ge composition dependence of etch selectivity of SiGe over Si.
Ultrasound as a predictor of time-loss injury for the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and plantar fascia in division I collegiate athletes
Authors: Cushman Daniel M , Stokes Derek , Vu Leyen , Corcoran Blake , Fredericson Michael , Eby Sarah F , Teramoto Masaru
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Tendinopathy and fasciopathy are common conditions that can result in time-loss injury in athletes. This study aimed to determine if preseason sonographic abnormalities of the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and plantar fascia are associated with future time-loss injuries in collegiate athletes.

Methods

National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes from three institutions participated in this 3-year prospective, observational study. Each athlete completed a questionnaire, self-reporting current and prior symptoms and underwent an ultrasound examination of bilateral patellar tendons, Achilles tendons and plantar fasciae during annual preseason examinations. Ultrasound evaluations assessed for tendon and fascia thickening, hypoechogenicity and neovascularisation. Athletes were monitored for time-loss injury over the subsequent year.

Results

A total of 695 athletes across 18 sporting disciplines (61.1% female, age 20.0±1.6, body mass index 23.1±2.9 kg/m2) were analysed over 3 years. Sonographic abnormalities were identified in 36.6%, 7.5% and 2.8% of the patellar tendons, Achilles tendons and plantar fasciae, respectively. Injuries were reported in 3.3%, 1.6% and 0.7% of these structures with an adjusted relative risk of injury increased by 8.9 (95% CI 3.7, 21.4), 18.8 (95% CI 7.2, 48.8) and 21.0 (95% CI 6.4, 68.1) times in those with preseason ultrasound abnormalities (p<0.001). The presence of an ultrasound abnormality was more predictive of future injury than self-report of a prior injury or pain in the area at the time of the scan.

Conclusion

Preseason sonographic abnormalities of the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon or plantar fascia are associated with a higher risk of developing time-loss injuries in collegiate athletes.
Early treatment discontinuation in patients with deficient mismatch repair or microsatellite instability high metastatic colorectal cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Taieb Julien , Ambrosini Margherita , Alouani Emily , Lonardi Sara , Sinicrope Frank A , Decraecker Marie , Boileve Alice , Hafliger Emilie , Mazard Thibault , Pernot Simon , Parent Pauline , Ros Javier , Overman Michael J , Jayachandran Priya , Nasca Vincenzo , Salvatore Lisa , Guimbaud Rosine , Cremolini Chiara , Tougeron David , Pietrantonio Filippo
Published: January 2025

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are recommended to treat patients with deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability high (dMMR/MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Pivotal trials have fixed a maximum ICI duration of 2 years, without a compelling rationale. A shorter treatment duration has the potential to improve patients' quality of life and reduce both toxicity and cost without compromising efficacy. Here we examine whether early treatment discontinuation (ETD) before 13 months in patients without progressive disease (PD) can lead to similar long-term disease control compared with a longer treatment duration (LTD).

Methods

To assess whether ETD is associated with similar outcomes compared with LTD, we assembled an international cohort of patients with dMMR/MSI-H mCRC treated with ICIs who stopped treatment for a reason other than PD within 395 days (ETD group) and compared them to those who continued for >395 days (LTD group). Outcomes were adjusted for patient/tumor characteristics. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and safety.

Results

Of 976 patients, 137 and 394 were allocated to the ETD and LTD groups, respectively. In the ETD group, treatment was discontinued due to toxicity (n=56), objective response (n=43), surgery (n=28), patient decision (n=2) or other reasons (n=8). Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two groups: 22% in both groups received both anti-programmed death-(ligand) 1 (anti-PD-(L)1) + anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4); all others received anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy. ORR to ICIs was 81% in both groups. Median duration of treatment was ~7 months in the ETD and ~24 months in the LTD group. After a median follow-up of 44 months (IQR: 30–67), similar PFS (HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.60 to 1.40, p=0.69) and OS (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.66 to 1.99, p=0.62) from the start of ICIs were observed in ETD and LTD patients. In the ETD group, 28 (20%) patients had a PFS event and 9 restarted ICIs with a disease control rate of 66%.

Conclusions

In our international series of dMMR/MSI-H mCRC, ETD of ICIs in the absence of PD did not seem detrimental in terms of PFS and OS compared with continuing treatment beyond 1 year. Randomized clinical trials to compare short and long treatment duration are now warranted.
The effects of acute hot-water immersion on force steadiness and motor unit discharge rate variability in young, healthy adults
Authors: Rodrigues Patrick , Orssatto Lucas B.R. , Trajano Gabriel S. , Wharton Lee , Minett Geoffrey M.
Published: January 2025

This study examined the effects of core and muscle temperature on force steadiness and motor unit discharge rate (MUDR) variability after a hot-water immersion session. Fifteen participants (6 women; 25 ± 6 years) completed neuromuscular assessments before and after either 42 °C (hot) or 36 °C (control) water immersion. Force steadiness was measured during knee extension, while HD-sEMG signals were recorded from vastus lateralis and medialis for MUDR variability analysis. Following water immersion, force steadiness decreased by 0.11% ( p < 0.05; d = 0.38) and MUDR variability increased by 1.25% ( p < 0.01; d = 0.57) potentially driven by increased muscle temperature. Elevated core temperature did not further affected these changes.
Characteristics of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome During Pregnancy Resulting from Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ho Nguyen-Tuong , Pham Thi-Thanh-Thao , Kao Shu-Huei , Tzeng Chii-Ruey
Published: January 2025

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a rare complication often associated with superovulation cycles for fertility treatment. This report presents a case of spontaneous OHSS (sOHSS) during a frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle, an event rarely documented in the literature. We describe herein the case of a 37-year-old nulligravida woman who presented with features suggestive of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), underwent FET using an artificial endometrial preparation protocol, and was transferred with two frozen-thawed blastocysts, which finally resulted in a diamniotic twin pregnancy. At the 12th week of gestation, the patient developed sOHSS with hyperthyroidism, which was successfully managed conservatively, and favorable outcomes were observed at delivery. This case contributes to the limited literature on sOHSS in FET cycles, reinforcing the importance of tailored monitoring and conservative management for optimal outcomes in such infertile patients.
How Good is Graphene Carbon as a Fuel Cell Catalyst Support?
Authors: Yarlagadda Venkata , Ramaswamy Nagappan
Published: January 2025

Graphene-based carbon supports have been widely researched in the fuel cell community due to their interesting morphology, microstructure, and surface chemistry. In this study, the scope of graphene carbon’s practical use as a support material for PtCo cathode catalyst was evaluated in detail. Graphene support has favorable oxygen transport characteristics due to its sheet like morphology thereby enabling a superior beginning-of-life performance compared to that of state-of-art KetjenBlackTM type high surface area carbon (HSC). Further, significant hydrophilicity due to higher water uptake by graphene surface functional groups enables 30% lower ionomer usage in the electrode. However, the durability of PtCo/Graphene is lower compared to that of PtCo/HSC carbon support especially at current densities < 2 A cm−2 due to increased Pt catalyst coarsening on the sheet-like graphene carbon and possible restacking of graphene sheets. Efforts were made to improve the durability of PtCo/Graphene catalyst layers via dilution with HSC support but only with modest success. Unlike the several publications in the literature that discuss the benefits of graphene carbon support, this article highlights the significant durability improvements needed to enable PtCo/Graphene as a viable cathode in fuel cell applications.
Understanding the Morphological Properties of Sulfur Electrodes for High-Capacity and High-Power Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Gulzar Umair , Lonergan Alex , Zhang Yan , Grant Alex , Carroll Aoife , Ferguson Matthew , O’Dwyer Colm
Published: January 2025

Porosity, composition, and electrode thickness play a vital role in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. They can be difficult to control and can make the link between morphology and its performance more complex. We evaluated the utilization of sulfur during the discharge process in carbon-sulfur composite with varying porosity, carbon encapsulant type and relative mixture ratios, the distribution of sulfur utilization between the upper and lower voltage plateau of the discharge, and the overall rate capability of sulfur electrodes. Chronoamperometry was used as a simple and fast technique to obtain high resolution rate curves while the distribution of charge between upper and lower plateaux was thoroughly investigated using galvanostatic cycling. Our results suggest that discharge capacity associated with the upper higher voltage plateau of the Li-S discharge curve is limited by the maximum concentration of polysulfide species inside the electrolyte-filled pores of the sulfur electrode, not by the porosity. By varying the type of carbon material composited with sulfur, electrode morphologies unique to those encapsulants have a significant impact on the deposition of lithium sulphide, and the overall rate capability is strongly linked to changes in electrode morphology where the porosity, carbon-sulfur ratio are varied for each type of carbon encapsulant.
Diagnostic Accuracy of CT and MR Venography in Acute Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Räty Silja , Hiltunen Sini , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Adamou Anastasia , Ajdini Erold , Virtanen Pekka , Korvenoja Antti , Ntaios George , Putaala Jukka , Strbian Daniel
Published: January 2025

Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of stroke with variable clinical presentation and challenging diagnosis. Computed tomography venography (CT‐V) or magnetic resonance venography (MR‐V) are recommended for detecting CVT, but their diagnostic performance is unclear. This systematic review examines the accuracy of CT‐V and MR‐V in diagnosing CVT.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search up to 02 July 2023 to retrieve original articles studying the diagnostic accuracy of CT‐V or MR‐V in patients with suspected CVT. Studies with a reference standard comprising at least one other imaging method alone or in addition to clinical data were included. The quality of studies was assessed with the QUADAS‐2 tool.

Results: We found eight studies (478 subjects) published between 1995 and 2022 that compared one or more diagnostic methods to a reference: CT‐V (four studies, n = 95) and/or MR‐V (three studies, n = 83) versus clinical and radiological consensus, CT‐V versus MR‐V (two studies, n = 292), or MR‐V versus digital subtraction angiography (DSA) (one study, n = 52). They reported excellent diagnostic accuracy for both CT‐V (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94%–100%) and MR‐V (sensitivity 90%–100%, specificity 71%–100%) compared to clinical and radiological consensus, for CT‐V compared to MR‐V (sensitivity 96%–100%, specificity 99%–100%), and for MR‐V compared to DSA (sensitivity 100%, specificity 71%). The heterogeneity of the studies allowed only an exploratory meta‐analysis. The risk of bias in the use of the reference standard was high.

Conclusions: Our systematic review found a high accuracy of CT‐V and MR‐V for detecting CVT, suggesting that CT‐V is a feasible option for centers with limited access to MR‐V. However, the small sample sizes and variable reference methods impair conclusions drawn from the current literature.
Investigating Contributors to Hit‐and‐Run Violations in Urban River‐Crossing Road Tunnels: A Random Parameter Logit Model With Heterogeneity in Means
Authors: Wang Dengzhong , Zhou Jiayu , Li Gen , Min Haigen , Jiang Chenming , Lu Linjun
Published: January 2025

The hit‐and‐run caused a delay in medical assistance to the victim and posed a significant threat to the safety of drivers in road tunnels. This study investigates the potential factors contributing to drivers’ hit‐and‐run violations in river‐crossing tunnels. This paper built three models (the logit model, the random parameter logit model, and the random parameter logit model with heterogeneity in means) based on a dataset consisting of crashes reported in thirteen river‐crossing tunnels in Shanghai, China. Potential contributors from five aspects (offending drivers, vehicle conditions, tunnel characteristics, environmental conditions, and crash information) were explored. Results showed that the random parameter logit model with heterogeneity in means produced the highest fitting accuracy among the three models. Eight important variables (nighttime, single‐vehicle, multi‐vehicle, two‐wheeled vehicle, passenger car, heavy goods vehicle, rear‐end, and short tunnel) were found to affect hit‐and‐run violations significantly. The research has highlighted that nighttime and short tunnel increase the likelihood of hit‐and‐run and other variables are the opposite. The results of this study could provide useful information for the development of interventions to improve the level of safety in tunnels and reduce the rate of hit‐and‐run offenses.
Predictive Application Value of Metagenomic Next‐Generation Sequencing in the Resistance of Carbapenem‐Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Tian Jiacheng , Wang Chengtan , Song Pingping , You Zhiqing , Jia Xiuqin , Li Xuan , Pang Feng
Published: January 2025

Objective: Although metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) technology has achieved notable outcomes in pathogen detection, there remains a gap in the research regarding its application in predicting the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to analyze the clinical application value of mNGS in predicting the resistance of carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), as well as the relevant influencing factors, thereby providing valuable insights for clinical antimicrobial therapy.

Methods: Nonduplicate isolates of Enterobacterales bacteria collected from Liaocheng People’s Hospital from April 2023 to June 2024 were selected, and CRE bacteria were screened. mNGS was used to detect resistance genes, and the results were compared with those of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of gene detection. Furthermore, the performance of mNGS in identifying pathogenic microorganisms and predicting antibiotic resistance was assessed by comparing the sequencing results with those of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST).

Results: A total of 46 isolates were confirmed as CRE through traditional AST and were further identified using the Vitek MS and Vitek 2 systems. The results indicated 27 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 14 isolates of Escherichia coli, 2 isolates of Enterobacter hormaechei, 2 isolates of Enterobacter cloacae, and 1 isolate of Citrobacter freundii. These isolates were subjected to both mNGS and PCR for detection. The calculation of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated the reliability of mNGS in detecting resistance genes.

Conclusion: mNGS demonstrated high sensitivity in predicting the presence of carbapenemase resistance genes in CRE, showing potential in early indication of isolate resistance information, thereby facilitating timely guidance for clinical treatment strategies.
Pediatric Interventions in a Sanfilippo Syndrome Patient Under General Anesthesia: A Case Report
Authors: Al Malak Ahmad , Issawi Hassan , Hassoun Mohammad , Al Halabi Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Type III (MPS III) or Sanfilippo syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder. This disorder is responsible for lysosomal storage disorder at the cellular aspect. Due to lysosomal enzyme perturbance leading to the alteration of macromolecule metabolisms, this cellular perturbance causes multiple severe systemic and mental outcomes. Sanfilippo syndrome is the most frequent lysosomal disorder among the different types of MPS.

Case Presentation: A 9‐year‐9‐month‐old female was presented at our private clinic accompanied with her parents and referred from a general practitioner, and the preclinical examination revealed atypical craniofacial structure and skeletal features such as abnormal posture and movements adding on atypical behavioral manifestations such as temper tantrums, speech difficulties, dementia, and destructive behavior.
Iliac Crest Bone Block Autograft Transfer for Ballistic Posterior Glenoid Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Serotte Jordan Cook , Baker Hayden , Lee Cody , Strelzow Jason A.
Published: January 2025

Case: A 25‐year‐old male presented with a ballistic fracture of the right glenoid resulting in > 30% loss of the posterior glenoid articular surface and acute posterior glenohumeral instability that was treated with open reduction internal fixation with iliac crest autograft transfer.

Conclusion: There is limited consensus on the operative management of ballistic intra‐articular fractures due to the heterogeneity of these injuries. Acute posterior glenohumeral instability secondary to a ballistic fracture is a rare injury pattern. In this case, we were able to successfully treat posterior glenohumeral instability with iliac crest autograft transfer and open reduction internal fixation.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Following Immune Checkpoint Therapy (ICT)
Authors: Gajagowni Saivaroon , Wang Emily , Wang Jianbo , Campbell Matthew T. , Siddiqui Bilal A.
Published: January 2025

In the past decade, the use of immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has increased across many malignancies, including metastatic renal cell carcinoma as an option for frontline and subsequent lines of therapy. Despite the many therapeutic benefits of ICT, its use is complicated by the potential risk of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). One rare but potentially life‐threatening irAE is hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). HLH is a systemic inflammatory disorder resulting in multiorgan failure. The diagnosis of HLH is a challenge due to nonspecific symptoms and overlap with other systemic conditions, which can lead to delays in receiving appropriate treatment and potentially poor patient outcomes. This case illustrates the management of HLH caused by nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy through the use of corticosteroids and tocilizumab in a patient with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Early Enteral Nutrition May Improve Survival in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Zheng Liangliang , Duan Jingwei , Duan Baomin
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: International guidelines recommend early enteral nutrition (EEN) for critically ill patients. However, evidence supporting the optimal timing of EN in patients diagnosed with cardiogenic shock (CS) is lacking. As such, this study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and safety of EEN versus delayed EN in patients diagnosed with CS.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV version 2.2 database. Patients who received EN within 2 days of admission were assigned to the EEN group. A 1:1 propensity score‐matched (PSM) analysis was performed to control for bias in baseline characteristics and ensure the reliability of the results. To exclude the impact of confounders, an adjusted proportional hazards regression model was used to verify the independence between EEN and survival outcomes.

Results: Of 1846 potentially eligible patients, 1398 received EEN and 448 received delayed EN. After 1:1 PSM, 818 patients were assigned to the EEN (n = 409) and delayed EN (n = 409) groups. Regarding cumulative survival, patients with CS receiving EEN experienced better 30‐, 90‐, and 180‐day survival outcomes than the delayed EN group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.803 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.647–0.998], p = 0.045; HR 0.729 [95% CI 0.599–0.889], p = 0.001; and HR 0.778 [95% CI 0.644–0.938], p = 0.008, respectively). After adjusting for confounders, EEN was found to be independently associated with survival outcomes. Moreover, EEN did not increase the risk(s) for ileus, aspiration pneumonia, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients who received delayed EN experienced longer hospital stays than those receiving EEN (17 days [interquartile range [IQR] 10–25] versus 12 days [IQR 7–19 days], respectively; p < 0.001).

Conclusion: EEN was not associated with harm, but rather with improved survival outcomes in patients diagnosed with CS. Further studies are required to verify these findings.
Interventions for Increasing Pedestrian Visibility to Prevent Injury and Death: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khabiri Roghayeh , Jahangiry Leila , Birgani Hosna Rashidi , Sadeghi-bazargani Homayoun
Published: January 2025

Background: Pedestrian visibility is a critical factor in reducing the number of pedestrian accidents on roads. A review of pedestrian visibility literature may reveal different types of interventions that are feasible for promoting pedestrian visibility. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the interventions to increase pedestrian visibility.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted on electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for full‐text articles published from 2003 to December 17, 2023. All interventions used for pedestrians to increase their visibility were considered for the review.

Results: Our systematic search identified 13,472 records, of which 5749 duplicated articles were removed. The remaining 7723 records were initially screened on the basis of title and abstract. After full reading of 804 articles, finally, 14 articles were eligible to be included in the review. The strategies for the visibility of pedestrians were categorized based on the nature of strategies intervened on pedestrians, components, and benefits. The categorizations highlight a diverse range of strategies employed to enhance pedestrian visibility, including technological solutions, wearable, nonverbal communication, detection‐based warnings, and educational interventions.

Conclusion: The diverse range of strategies explored in the reviewed studies underscores the multidimensional approach required to enhance pedestrian visibility and safety. It highlights the need for effective interventions to improve detection and recognition of pedestrians by drivers, which is crucial for reducing accidents. The findings suggest that a combination of technological advancements, wearables, nonverbal communication, detection‐based warnings, and educational interventions can contribute to a safer pedestrian environment. However, further research is needed to assess the long‐term effectiveness and real‐world applicability of these strategies.
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Sickness Impact Profile‐30 (SIP‐30) in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Siavash Sajad , Ghaffari Amin , Taghizadeh Ghorban , Lajevardi Laleh , Azad Akram
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Accurate measurement tools are essential for evaluating the health‐related quality of life in older adults. We aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Sickness Impact Profile‐30 (SIP‐30) in community‐dwelling older adults.

Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty older adults participated in this study. To evaluate construct validity, its correlation with General Health Questionnaire‐28, Geriatric Depression Scale‐15, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale was assessed. Reliability features were also investigated.

Results: The results of construct validity analysis demonstrated a moderate to high (r = 0.61–0.84) correlation between the total score of SIP‐30 and GHQ‐28, GDS‐15, HADS, MHAQ, and NPRS. There was a moderate inverse (r = −0.67) correlation between the total score of the SIP‐30 and the FAB Scale. Test–retest reliability (ICC > 0.83) and internal consistency (α = 0.94) of the Persian SIP‐30 were high.

Conclusions: The results indicated that the Persian SIP‐30 is a reliable and valid measure to assess health‐related quality of life in community‐dwelling older adults.
Shenlian Decoction Ameliorates LPS‐Related Inflammation in db/db Mice: Coupling Network Pharmacology With Experimental Verification
Authors: Liu Yi-fan , Liu Yuan-yuan , Xiao Yao , Huang Wei-jun , Sun Rui-xi , Hu Jie , Fu Xiao-zhe , Tian Chu-xiao , Fu Qiang , Zhao Jin-xi
Published: January 2025

Background: Shenlian (SL) decoction, a renowned traditional Chinese formula for diabetes mellitus, has also been employed to treat intestinal disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of SL decoction in regulating blood glucose and intestinal bacteria. Nevertheless, further analysis is required to elucidate the mechanistic link between SL decoction–mediated improvement of intestinal function and treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Firstly, the active ingredients of SL decoction were sourced from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, with putative targets of active ingredients being predicted using the same database. Secondly, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and GeneCards databases were employed to screen the aforementioned targets that act on T2DM, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed in accordance with the results. Thirdly, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), which resulted in a comprehensive analysis of the association between SL decoction for the treatment of T2DM and the modulation of intestinal functions. Finally, the effect of the SL decoction on predicted lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐related targets, as well as intestinal function markers, was validated through in vivo experimentation.

Results: A total of 36 active ingredients and 145 potential targets of SL decoction were predicted. GO enrichment analysis indicated that the principal biological processes by which the SL decoction acted against T2DM were responses to LPSs, while KEGG enrichment analysis identified the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway and toll‐like receptor signaling pathway as the key pathways involved. The in vivo experiments showed that SL decoction improved glycolipid metabolism indexes, inflammatory factor levels, and LPS levels in db/db mice. The immunohistochemical results demonstrated that the SL decoction restored the expression of Occludin, Claudin‐1, and ZO‐1 in the intestine and inhibited the expression of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88), and NF‐κB in both the intestine and pancreas. Furthermore, it may influence the levels of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces.

Conclusions: This research investigated the multigene pharmacological mechanism of SL decoction against T2DM using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. SL decoction treatment of T2DM may reverse inflammation by inhibiting LPS‐related pathway activation and improving intestinal function.
Fast Preparation of Fish Sauce Treated With Marine Protease‐Producing Bacillus zhangzhouensis sp.
Authors: Bai Niuniu , He Jianlin , Hong Bihong , Wu Zelong , Wang Liping , Shao Zongze
Published: January 2025

Background: Traditional fish sauce is made from fish that have been coated in 30%–40% sea salt and fermented for up to 2 years. The preparation requires a long time, and the fish source contains considerable biogenic amines. In this report, by measuring the growth curve and identifying the intracellular enzyme and the activity of protease, B. zhangzhouensis with the highest activity of protease production was selected from eight strains, which were applied to the fermentation process of fish sauce.

Results: Optimized by response surface methodology, the content of amino nitrogen was taken as the response value, and the best fermentation conditions were 4.15% inocula, pH 9.13, and 36.3°C. Under the optimized conditions, fish sauce samples were obtained by fermentation with B. zhangzhouensis for 15 h, 3 days, 7 days, 15 days, and 30 days, respectively. The contents of amino nitrogen, total nitrogen, biogenic amine, and various flavor substances were determined and compared with the traditional 2‐year‐fermented fish sauce. As a result, the 7‐day‐fermented fish sauce using B. zhangzhouensis had a similar composition of flavor substances to traditional fish sauce, but a much lower level of biogenic amines.

Conclusion: The new method of preparing fish sauce with a fermentation condition of 4.15% B. zhangzhouensis, pH 9.13, and 36.3°C can improve the production efficiency of fish sauce, and the flavor is similar to that of traditional fish sauce.
Nitrogen and Metal Ions Accumulation in Two Sensitive Himalayan Lichens From Western Nepal: A Reference for Ecosystem Health Monitoring
Authors: Pradhan Suman Prakash , Bista Hirendra , Lamsal Bishal , Dotel Nirvik , Pandey Bishnu Prasad , Sharma Subodh
Published: January 2025

In this study, thalli nitrogen (N) and metal ions contents in the two fruticose lichens (Ramalina intermedia and Usnea cornuta) were quantified, which were collected from a pristine Himalayan forest of Shey Phoksundo National Park of western Nepal. Besides, the probable impacts of N and metal ions in physicochemical responses such as electrical conductivity, chlorophyll contents, and chlorophyll degradation were studied. Our initial hypothesis was there are considerable amounts of thallus N and metal ions in lichens from the study area, and it has substantial impacts on physicochemical responses. In comparison, the thalli N concentration was observed to be the greatest in R. intermedia thalli (0.24%–1.15%). However, comparable amounts of metal ions in both lichen species were observed. Regression analysis revealed the least or no impacts of N and metal ions in physicochemical responses. The principal component analysis suggests the contribution of different environmental variable and their correlation with lichen’s variables. This study provides evidence of the least concentration of N and metal ions and only minor impacts on the physicochemical integrity of the two sensitive lichens in our study area. This study is likely to contribute as field‐based reference information for further studies on the species‐specific N and metal ions accumulation in lichens from different Himalayan forest systems to monitor ecosystem health.
The Potential of Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plants as Anti–Quorum Sensing in Biofilms: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Putri Salsabila Aqila , Julaeha Euis , Kagawa Natsuko , Kurnia Dikdik
Published: January 2025

The formation of biofilms occurs due to a group of bacteria gathering together. The increasing of cell density will stimulate chemical signals for bacteria to communicate through quorum sensing system. Quorum sensing plays a role for competition, virulence, resistance, and pathogenesis. Quorum sensing produces signaling response called as autoinducers. Gram‐negative bacteria produce N‐acyl‐L‐homoserine lactones as autoinducer, while quorum sensing in Gram‐positive bacteria produces autoinducing peptides. By looking at quorum sensing responses in bacterial pathogenesis and resistance, the study of natural antibiotic agents became a particular concern for researchers. This review summarizes the study of quorum sensing systems acting on Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, the role of quorum sensing on biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria, and the potential use of medicinal plants as natural anti–quorum sensing agents reviewed in vitro and in silico. The use of extracts from leaves, fruits, flowers, stems, and isolated compounds of some types of plants and essential oils has been successfully tested to have anti–quorum sensing activity.
Quality of Life After Laser Vision Correction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Peyman Alireza , Irajpour Matin , Yazdi Maryam , Dehghanian Farzaneh , Noorshargh Pegah , Broumand Yasaman , Fatemi Farnaz , Pourazizi Mohsen
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To analyze patients’ quality of life (QOL) after laser vision correction (LVC) from a worldwide literature review.

Methods: Studies of prospective or cross‐sectional design which evaluated QOL in patients after LVC and compared that to preoperative values or a matched group of emmetropes were included. The Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest were searched for relevant articles published until February 2024. The fixed‐ or random‐effects models were used to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) for postoperative QOL changes. Meta‐regression was conducted for adjusting the effects of potential confounders.

Results: A total of 11 peer‐reviewed articles (1753 patients) were included in the study. LVC improved QOL of patients at one (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.60), three (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.50), and six months after surgery (SMD = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.11). In meta‐regression analysis, QOL improvement was lower in older patients compared to younger ones (β = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.11, −0.01). Also, no statistically significant difference was noted while comparing QOL in post–laser refractive surgery patients and emmetropes (SMD = −0.44, 95% CI: −0.95, 0.07).

Conclusion: Patients undergoing LVC experience significant improvements in QOL, particularly in younger subjects, and achieve comparable QOL to individuals with emmetropia.