bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Prenatal Health Conditions and Health Behaviors in Pregnant Women on Infant Birth Defects in the United States Using CDC-PRAMS 2018 survey.
Authors: Shelke Girish , Marwaha Rochisha , Shah Pankil , Challa Suman
Published: October 2022

Abstract: Objective: To assess both individual and interactive effects of prenatal medical conditions depression and Diabetes, and health behaviors including smoking during pregnancy on infant birth defects. Methods: The data for this research study were collected by the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) in 2018. Birth certificate records were used in each participating jurisdiction to select a sample representative of all women who delivered a live-born infant. Complex sampling weights were used to analyze the data with a weighted sample size of 4,536,867. Descriptive statistics were performed to explore frequencies of the independent and dependent variables. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to examine associations among the independent and dependent variables. Results: The results indicate and significant interaction between the variables smoking and Depression and Depression and Diabetes (OR= 3.17; p-value <0.001 and OR= 3.13; p-value <0.001 respectively). Depression during pregnancy was found to be strongly associated with delivering an infant with a birth defect (OR= 1.31, P-value < 0.001). Conclusion: Depression during pregnancy and its interaction with smoking and Diabetes are vital in determining birth defects in infants. The results indicate that birth defects in the United States can be lowering Depression in pregnant women.
Repeated Intravaginal Inoculation of Zika Virus Protects Cynomolgus Monkeys from Subcutaneous Superchallenge
Authors: Shofa Maya , Okamura Tomotaka , Urano Emiko , Yasutomi Yasuhiro , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Saito Akatsuki
Published: October 2022

Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in Central and South America caused severe public health problems in 2015 and 2016. These outbreaks were finally contained through several methods, including mosquito control using insecticides and repellents. Additionally, the development of herd immunity in these countries might have contributed to containing the epidemic. While ZIKV is mainly transmitted by mosquito bites, mucosal transmission via bodily fluids, including the semen of infected individuals, has also been reported. We evaluated the effect of mucosal ZIKV infection on continuous subcutaneous challenges in a cynomolgus monkey model. Repeated intravaginal inoculations of ZIKV did not induce detectable viremia or clinical symptoms, and all animals developed a potent neutralizing antibody, protecting animals from the subsequent subcutaneous superchallenge. These results suggest that viral replication at mucosal sites can induce protective immunity without causing systemic viremia or symptoms.
Horse Riding Simulator Design to Replicate Human Walking Gait for Hippotherapy in Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation
Authors: Trusaji Wildan , Satriawan Ardianto , Rahadini Septia Susanti , Hasanuddin Muhammad Ogin , Setianingsih Casi , Pratomo Nurseptian , Selekta Mayang Cendikia , Sungkar Ellyana
Published: October 2022

Hippotherapy is a popular rehabilitation method for children with cerebral palsy (CP), which is done by riding an actual horse or a horse riding simulator (HRS) device. Riding a real horse is more expensive than using an HRS device due to its high maintenance cost. However, most HRS devices commonly sold in the market are designed as exercise devices, not rehabilitation devices. Most of them are designed to simulate a horse's walk, trot, canter, or gallop gait at various speeds. Hippotherapy aims to improve the walking ability of CP patients. Therefore, the device should aim to replicate the walking gait of a healthy human, the end goal of hippotherapy. This problem motivates us to design and build a specialized HRS device replicating the walking gait of a healthy human that is suitable for hippotherapy, which is achievable by simulating a horse walking gait with several adjustments. We first studied and observed the walking gait cycle of a horse, then analyzed and derived a formulation of it. We then continue by designing an HRS device using a single electrical rotational motor and mechanical means to replicate the walking gait of a horse, then tune it to an extent to replicate a human walking gait. To measure the performance of our design, we compare the gait of the user when riding our device versus walking.
When the Beetles Hit the Fan. The Fan-Trap, an Inexpensive, Light and Scalable Insect Trap under a Creative Commons License, for Monitoring and Experimental Use
Authors: Grégoire Jean-Claude , Caiti Emilio , Hasbroucq Séverine , Molenberg Jean-Marc , Willenz Sylvain
Published: October 2022

Monitoring is an important component of pest management, to prevent or mitigate outbreaks of native pests, and to check for quarantine organisms. Surveys often rely on trapping, especially when the target species respond to semiochemicals. Many traps are available for this purpose, but they are bulky in most cases, which raises transportation and deployment issues, and they are expensive, which limits the size and accuracy of any network. To overpass these difficulties, entomologists have used recycled material, such as modified plastic bottles, producing cheap and reliable traps but at the cost of recurrent handywork, not necessarily possible for all end-users (e.g., for national plant protection organizations). These bottle-traps have allowed very large surveys which would have been impossible with standard commercial traps, and we illustrate this approach with a few examples. Here we present, under a Creative Commons BY-SA License, the blueprint of a fan-trap, a foldable model, laser-cut from a sheet of polypropylene, that can rapidly be produced in large numbers, and could be transported and deployed in the field with very little efforts. Our first field comparisons show that fan-traps are as efficient as bottle-traps, and we describe two cases where they are being used for monitoring.
Weak Deflection Angle for Curvature-Coupled Antisymmetric Wormhole Solution
Authors: Javed Wajiha , Zahra Touqeer , Pantig Reggie , Övgün Ali
Published: October 2022

This paper is devoted to study the gravitational lensing for Curvature-coupled antisymmetric wormhole solution to compute the bending angle of light by utilizing the Gibbons and Werner technique. To achieve this, we find the Gaussian optical curvature and then apply Gauss-Bonnet theorem in the weak field limits. We also study the effects of plasma as well as dark matter mediums on the bending angle.
Moreover, we analyze the graphical behaviour of the deflection angle $\alpha$ with respect to the impact parameter $\sigma$ and minimal radius $r_{0}$ in non-plasma and plasma mediums. We examine that deflection angle shows direct relation with $r_{0}$ such that large values of $r_{0}$ gives large deflection angle and small values of $r_{0}$ gives small deflection angle. For impact parameter $\sigma$, deflection angle $\alpha$ shows inverse relation. Additionally, we derive the deflection angle of light by using Keeton and Petters method and compare with the previous results.
Dissemination of Pt-Ir k-112 mass measurement standards to E0-74 working standards with sub-divisional methods
Authors: Ismail Zuhdi , Kresiani Renanta Hayu
Published: October 2022

The mass value of the weights that are the mass unit's standard must be determined correctly, especially for E0 no 74 as the national working standard. Sub-division is the method commonly used to determine the mass of these weights. The sub-division method involved three standard weights in this study, namely Pt-Ir K-112, E0 no 74, and E0 no 75. Pt-Ir was used as the measuring standard, while the E0 class weights were test weights and check standard. The mass value of both weights was determined based on the mass value of Pt-Ir, which was analyzed using the weighted least squares method. The calibration obtained that the mass values of E0 no 74 and E0 no 75 were 1000,000046 g and 1000,000163 g, respectively. In measurement, the uncertainty value becomes a very important part of being stated. The uncertainty obtained for both E0 weights is 0.036 mg.
Real-Time Inspection of Rod Straightness and Appearance by Non-Telecentric Camera Array
Authors: Miyashita Leo , Ishikawa Masatoshi ,   The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan,   Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we propose a measurement system that employs a camera array based on a non-telecentric optical system and an accompanying measurement algorithm to measure the straightness, length, diameter, and appearance of a rod. Measurements using telecentric optical systems, which employ orthogonal projection to preserve the dimensional ratios regardless of distance, are common in image-based inspection of the dimensional or geometrical tolerances of industrial products. However, some cases depend on the size of the target or inspection item, wherein it is difficult to configure a measurement system using telecentric optical systems. As an example, this study considers the measurement of straightness of a long rod and shows that it is possible to achieve high measurement accuracy using non-telecentric optical systems by introducing methods to calibrate miniscule errors and distortions that remain uncorrected in conventional image calibration methods. We also show that the same measurement allows for the measurement of other inspection items and evaluation of their respective measurement accuracies, thereby proving that a flexible image-based inspection process can be constructed using the proposed system and method.
State-Based and National U.S. Registries
Authors: Hallstrom Brian R. , Hughes Richard E. , Huddleston James I.
Published: October 2022

The concept of a total joint registry as a tool to gather and compare longitudinal clinical outcome data emerged in the early 1970s; although initially begun as a single-institution effort, it soon spread to the development of large nationwide registries, first in Scandinavia and subsequently around the world. These national registries established the value of population-wide results, large cohorts, and the importance of ongoing implant surveillance efforts, as detailed elsewhere in this series. In the United States, concerted efforts to establish a national total joint registry for the hip and knee began in earnest in the early 2000s and culminated with the incorporation of the American Joint Replacement Registry (AJRR) in 2009. Parallel efforts soon followed to establish state-based total joint registries, either as stand-alone entities or in affiliation with the AJRR. Some of these state-based efforts succeeded, and some did not.

In the first section of this article, Brian Hallstrom, MD, details the highly successful Michigan Arthroplasty Registry Collaborative Quality Initiative (MARCQI). This state-based effort was made possible by a unique partnership between a single dominant statewide private payer and the Michigan orthopaedic surgery community; it has already successfully advanced the quality of care for patients in Michigan, and efforts are ongoing.

The second section, by James I. Huddelston, MD, details a different path to the establishment of a focused state-based registry. The California Joint Replacement Registry (CJRR) was the result of a partnership with representatives of the statewide business community and resulted in a pioneering effort to successfully collect and publicly report patient-reported outcome measures as part of the registry data set. Further discussed are the establishment, development, and status of the AJRR and its current place among the family of American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) registries, which were inspired by the AJRR and span a range of orthopaedic specialties.
Design and Build a Customer Segmentation Website at the Hijabiken Online Store
Authors: Purwaningrum Oktania , Arifiyanti Amalia Anjani , Kartika Dhian Satria Yudha
Published: October 2022

Data can be processed to produce useful information for an organization/company. Example of transaction data that is processed to segment customers. Customer segmentation needs to be done so that sellers can find out market conditions and can be taken into consideration in developing marketing strategies. Customer segmentation can also make sellers know their customers well. Of course, customer segmentation needs to be done at the Hijabiken Online Store, this store sells Muslim products such as hijabs. Seeing the current conditions in the store, data storage is still manual which can be prone to damage and loss. Therefore, in this study, we will build a website that can store and process transaction data. Website design using DFD, CDM, PDM, and mockups. Segmentation is carried out using data mining science in the clustering process. Clustering is done with the K-Means algorithm and LRFM model. The results of testing every function of the website can be run properly.
Mark Edwards, Dimitrios Pallis, and Georgios Steiris. Eds. The Oxford Handbook on Dionysius the Areopagite. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
Authors: Riesgo Gustavo
Published: October 2022

Este libro de reciente aparición representa una síntesis actualizada de los orígenes, recepciones e influencia del Corpus Dionysiacum. Los tópicos que desarrolla no se limitan a la raíz neoplatónica y su fusión con el cristianismo, sino que explora asimismo las tradiciones que confluyen en el pensamiento de (Pseudo) Dionisio Areopagita y su despliegue en diversas filosofías y teologías que son profundamente afectadas por los modos de lectura del Corpus. La reconocida autoridad de los firmantes y la extensión temática que abarcan constituyen este volumen en una nueva obra de referencia necesaria para los estudios dionisianos y de las recepciones del pensamiento tardo-antiguo en general.
Intermediate Parts of Motion According to Ramon Llull: Some Remarks About His Medieval Background
Authors: Higuera Rubio José
Published: October 2022

Following Aristotle, Averroes rejects atomism and the infinite division of geometric lines. Thus, his arguments dealt with the continuity and contiguity of the non-atomic parts of motion. He vindicates the perceptual aspect of physical movement that shows itself like in-progress-path between two edge points A and B, in which there are middle parts where qualitative, local, or quantitative changes occur. Ramon Llull took the lines’ geometrical points as “motion parts.” Points are intermediate divisions that represent physical phenomena by the continuity of geometrical lines, surfaces, and figures. Also, he appeals to relational logic to spot the middle parts between A and B into the in-progress-path of motion. Those middle parts are signified by a dynamic vocabulary, called: correlative language. This contribution focuses on the conceptual environment of Llull’s assumptions, in which Averroes’ Latin readers explored the geometry and the vocabulary of motion intermediate parts.
EVALUATING INDONESIAN ISLAMIC BANKING SCHOLARLY PUBLICATIONS: A DATA ANALYTICS
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Kabir , Hudaefi Fahmi Ali , Agung Ahmad
Published: October 2022

This study employs bibliometric analysis to evaluate 443 scholarly works on the topics of Indonesian Islamic banking published on 194 academic platforms, and authored by 1049 scholars. The machine learning tools i.e., R Studio and VOSviewer were employed to analyse the Scopus’ bibliographical data automatically harvested from the database. We developed four research questions based on the theories that are fundamental to bibliometric study, i.e., performance analysis, citation and co-citation analyses, bibliographic coupling and social network analysis, to identify the most impactful manuscripts, scholarly journals, authors, and institutions of affiliation. We further established the discussion of the current issues in Indonesian Islamic banking topics from the keyword analysis and the bibliographic coupling. These findings derive some recommendations for future research. This study provides a supply of scholarly novelty in the assessment of Indonesian Islamic banking publications which are both practically and theoretically importance to regulators, academia and industry professionals.
The prognostic significance of the absolute counts of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Guan , Xia Ying , Liu Aqing , Yang Yanjie , Li Wentao , Liu Yunhe , Zhang Jing , Cui Qian , Wang Dong , Liu Xu , Guo Yongtie , Chen Huayu , yu jianchun
Published: October 2022

The percentages of lymphocyte subsets (PL) of peripheral blood which mainly include CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, B, and NK cells have been paid much attention in advanced gastric cancer (AGC), but PL is often inconsistent with disease severity and tumor progression, appear no significant changes even after chemotherapy, which often lead to clinical misjudgment. Clinic observation suggests that absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets (ACL) are more correlated to the tumor progression and prognosis.
The 291 patients with AGC including 93 who received chemotherapy and 63 normal controls (NCs) were recruited from the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The PL and ACL of peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry-based single-platform method. PL and ACL between AGC patients (AGCs) and NCs were compared. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), the second endpoint was complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), Disease Control rate, and progressive disease (PD). Two independent t-tests were used to compare between groups. PFS was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the variables that affect disease progression. Compared to NCs, the percentages of CD3+CD8+ and B cells were decreased only (P < 0.05), while the AC of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, B and NK cells were significantly lower (P < 0.001). AGCs with high ACL had longer PFS and OS than those with low ACL (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that when the AC of CD3+CD4+ cells was more than 405 cells/μL, the PFS and OS of AGCs were significantly prolonged (P < 0.001), and the sensitivity and specificity were the most obvious. This study evaluated the prognosis of 93 AGCs received chemotherapy: the high ACL had significantly longer PFS and OS compared with low groups (P < 0.0001), excepted AC of NK cells in PFS; the AC of CD3+CD4+ > 405 cells/μL was an independent protective factor for PFS and OS in AGCs (P < 0.001); all ACL have greater disease control rate (DCR) than progressive disease (PD) rate at high ACL, in contrast to low ACL where PD rate is higher than DCR. The ACL was significantly impaired and closely associated with PFS and OS in AGCs, the same was true in patients receiving chemotherapy. Statistics suggested the AC of CD3+CD4+ cells was the most sensitive parameter for the prognosis of AGCs.
Chinese Clinic Trial Registry number: ChiCTR-IOR-17014139; Registry date: 2017/12/25.
Effects of tailored residual stress on micro end milling: numerical modelling and validation
Authors: Yadav Rahul , Chakladar Nilanjan Das , Paul Soumitra
Published: October 2022

Precision components often require micro-milling, where burrs may occur as surface defects. Such defects are likely to be influenced by the stress state in the raw material prior to micro-milling. A pre-treatment on the surface is found to compensate for the formation of burrs and improve the finishing of the micro-milled component. A finite element model of the micro-milling process was developed in Abaqus. An enhanced flow algorithm based on strain-gradient and dynamic recrystallization was used, along with a tool/workpiece friction model. This study revealed that compressive residual stress of about 613 MPa in Ti-6Al-4V can lower burr formation by up to 60%, cutting temperatures by 7% and contact forces by 15%. Additionally, surface residual stresses induced by micro-milling are predicted for compressively pre-stressed and as-received samples. The mechanism of burr formation, cutting forces, and cut marks on the sidewall surface were reported. The simulated burr morphology, chip contact length, cutting forces and surface residual stresses after micro-milling were verified with experimental results.
A pragmatic approach for assessing risk of arsenic in water–soil–plant-human continuum in an arsenic endemic area (Nadia) of West Bengal, India
Authors: Mishra Rahul , Datta Siba Prasad , Golui Debasis , Meena Mahesh Chand , Dwivedi Brahma Swaroop , Bandyopadhyay Kali Kinkar , Bhatia Arti , Rahman Mohammad Mahmudur , Roy Arkaprava , Pandey Punyavrat S
Published: October 2022

A pragmatic approach has been chosen to assess the risk of arsenic (As) in the water-soil-plant-human continuum in an arsenic-prone area of Nadia district in West Bengal. Arsenic is a dangerous carcinogen, and people’s exposure to As via rice consumption is widely recognized. For this purpose, 201 paired soil and rice grain samples were collected from the main rice-producing agricultural field in West Bengal and analysed for their pH levels, organic carbon, extractable As, and As content in rice grain. Olsen extractable As concentration varied from 0.48 to 3.57 mg kg− 1 with a mean value of 1.45 mg kg− 1. Rice grain samples contained As in the 0.20 to 0.61 mg kg-1 range while the mean value was 0.43 mg kg− 1. The hazard quotient for As intake via human consumption is due to the rice grain varying between 0.27 to 0.83. Lifetime cancer risks related to As intake through drinking water and dermal intake were 1.0 × 10− 3 and 4.23× 10− 5, respectively, yielding a cumulative value for an overall lifetime cancer risk ranging from 5.70 × 10 − 4 to 4.10 × 10− 3 with a mean value of 1.09 × 10− 3. Solubility-free ion activity model (FIAM) could explain up to 75% variation in As concentration in rice grain. This model has been successfully validated in half of the data set for its future use for the first time. A ready reckoner was developed based on FIAM to define toxic limits of extractable As in soil with reference to pH, OC, and grain As content.
Live-Attenuated Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Vaccines Are Safe in Pediatric Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Treated with Biologics
Authors: Herrera Michelle , Lowe Robert , Lellis-Petrie Sophie
Published: October 2022

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) broadly refers to a group of heterogenous diseases that share the common feature of chronic inflammatory arthritis of unknown cause lasting longer than 6 weeks with onset before 16 years of age [3]. Patients with autoimmune diseases such as JIA remain under-vaccinated due to hypothetical concern for infection development. However, it is crucial for these patients to be protected against vaccine-preventable illnesses due to their underlying immune dysfunction as well as the various immunomodulatory drugs that are used in its treatment. Current recommendations are out of date, as they clearly advise physicians to avoid giving these important vaccinations due to unsupported concerns that they are putting patients at risk of preventable death from infection arising from live vaccines. We performed a retrospective chart review and obtained data from patients via phone survey. Our results showed that the use of live-attenuated MMR and VZV vaccines is safe in pediatric patients with JIA being treated with biologics, as there were no serious adverse events reported.
PHB2 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis through NDUFS1-mediated Oxidative Phosphorylation
Authors: ren lin , Meng Li , Gao Jing , Lu Mingdian , Guo Chengyu , Li Yunyun , Rong Ziye , Ye Yan
Published: October 2022

The alteration of cellular energy metabolism is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). Accumulating evidence has suggested oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is upregulated to meet the demand for energy in tumor initiation and development. However, the role of OXPHOS and its regulatory mechanism in CRC tumorigenesis and progression remain unclear. Here, we reveal that Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) expression is elevated in precancerous adenomas and CRC, which promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesis of CRC. Additionally, knockdown of PHB2 significantly reduces mitochondrial OXPHOS levels in CRC cells. Meanwhile, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 (NDUFS1), as a PHB2 binding partner, is screened and identified by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, PHB2 directly interacts with NDUFS1 and they co-localize in mitochondria, which facilitates NDUFS1 binding to NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V1 (NDUFV1), regulating the activity of complex Ⅰ. Consistently, partial inhibition of complex Ⅰ activity also abrogates the increased cell proliferation induced by overexpression of PHB2 in normal human intestinal epithelial cells and CRC cells. Collectively, these results indicate that increased PHB2 directly interacts with NDUFS1 to stabilize mitochondrial complex Ⅰ and enhance its activity, leading to upregulated OXPHOS levels, thereby promoting cell proliferation and tumorigenesis of CRC. Our findings provide a new perspective for understanding of CRC energy metabolism, as well as novel intervention strategies for CRC therapeutics.
The potential of adding mammography to HHUS and ABUS to reduce unnecessary biopsies in BI-RADS ultrasound category 4a: a multicenter hospital-based study in China
Authors: Ren Wenhui , Zhao Xuelian , Zhao Xiaowei , Yan Huijiao , Hu Shangying , Qiao Youlin , Xu Zhijian , Zhao Fanghui
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This study compares image features influencing false-positive lesions in category 4a between handheld ultrasound (HHUS) and automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and explores the role of second-look mammography (MAM) adjunct to US of 4a masses.
Methods
Women aged 30 to 69 underwent HHUS and ABUS from 2016 through 2017 at five high-level hospitals in China with those aged 40 or older also accepting MAM. Logistic regression analysis assessed image variables correlated with false-positive lesions in US category 4a. Unnecessary biopsies, invasive cancer (IC) yields, and diagnostic performance among different biopsy thresholds were compared.
Results
1946 women (44.9±9.8 years) were eligible for analysis. 188 (9.66%) were categorized as category 4a in HHUS and 117 (6.01%) of ABUS. Orientation, architectural distortion, and duct change were independent factors associated with the false-positive lesions in 4a of HHUS, whereas premenopausal, size, calcification, and architectural distortion were significant features of ABUS (all P＜0.05). For HHUS, both unnecessary biopsy rate and IC yields were significantly reduced when changing biopsy thresholds by adding MAM for US 4a patients (scenario #1:BI-RADS 3, 4, and 5; scenario #2: BI-RADS 4 and 5) compared with the current scenario (all P＜0.05). However, scenario #1 reduced false-positive biopsies without affecting IC yields when compared to the current scenario for ABUS (P＜0.001; P=0.125).
Conclusions
The higher unnecessary biopsy rate of category 4a by ABUS was similar to HHUS. However, the second-look MAM adjunct to ABUS has the potential to safely reduce false-positive biopsies.
Proof that Fermat's Last Theorem holds in a large range
Authors: XU YAJUN
Published: October 2022

It is proved that for the equation x^n+y^n=z^n,for any positive integer x and n (x≥n,n≥3), when y>[x((x/n)^(1/(n-1))],Fermat's Last Theorem holds.
Molecular structure and characteristics of phytoglycogen, glycogen and amylopectin subjected to mild acid hydrolysis
Authors: Miao Ming , Pan Bo , Li Yungao , Hamaker Bruce
Published: October 2022

The structure and properties of phytoglycogen and glycogen subjected to acid hydrolysis was investigated using amylopectin as a reference. The degradation took place in two stages and the degree of hydrolysis was in the following order: amylopectin > phytoglycogen > glycogen. Upon acid hydrolysis, molar mass distribution of phytoglycogen or glycogen gradually shifted to the smaller and broadening distribution region, whereas the distribution of amyopectin changed from bimodal to monomodal shape. The kinetic rate constant for depolymerization of phytoglycogen, amylopectin and glycogen were 3.45×10− 5, 6.13×10− 5 and 0.96×10− 5 s− 1, respectively. The acid-treated sample had the smaller particle size, lower percentage of α-1,6 linkage as well as higher rapidly digestible starch fractions. The depolymerization models were built to interpret the structural differences of glucose polymer during acid treatment, which would provide guideline to improve the structure understanding and precise application of branched glucan with desired properties.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Effects of High Intensity Exercise on Physiological Indicators of Recovery Period by Wearing Face Masks of Elite Athletes
Authors: Kwon Hyeong-Tae , Kim Do-Youn , Kim Daeho
Published: October 2022

Background
Athletes need to maintain the necessary physical conditioning for sports performance with wearing face masks to reduce the risk of virus transmission during training and competition during the COVID-19 situation. The quantitative and physiological (i.e., heart rate, PRE, lactate) effects of face masks on exercise capacity needs to be reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate elite athletes’ sports performance and body composition during the COVID-19 in 2020, and to quantify in detail the effect of KF94 on changes in lactic acid during recovery after high-intensity aerobic exercise.
Methods
The 13 athletes who participated in December 2019 and December 2020 were surveyed and matched by age, gender, and sports categories to evaluate their body composition and sports performance (lower limb strength test, anaerobic power test). In addition, a crossover design was used to examine the effects of using a disposable KF94 face mask during exercise.
Results
The 2020 group (16.29 ± 3.25 kg) was lower in the leg muscle mass than the 2019 group (16.72 ± 3.24 kg). The right knee extensor strength (p = 0.005) and power (p = 0.003) were lower in the 2020 group’s isokinetic muscle function than in the 2019 group. In the Wingate anaerobic test, peak power (p = 0.001) and average power (p = 0.006) of the 2020 group were also lower than those of the 2019 group. Resting state blood lactate level were 1.35 ± 0.14mM/L without a mask, 2.50 ± 0.49mM/L with an KF94 mask (p < 0.001). Also, the lactic acid concentration at 20 minutes of recovery after maximum exercise was 5.98 ± 1.53mM/L without a mask, 7.61 ± 1.85mM/L with an KF94 mask (p < 0.001). However, there was no statistical differences in blood lactate concentrations immediately after exercise (p = 0.407), at 5 (p = 0.671) and 10 minutes (p = 0.313) of recovery. The rate of lactic acid removal in the post-exercise recovery period were 53.56 ± 6.77 (%) without a mask, 45.5 ± 9.9 (%) with a KF94 mask (p < 0.001). The maximum laps of shuttle run tests were 101.5 ± 22.5 laps without a mask, 94.2 ± 20.2 laps with a KF94 mask (p < 0.001). However, changes in maximum heart rate and post-exercise recovery heart rate showed no statistical difference regardless of the mask (p = 0.118).
Conclusions
The main results of the study show that anaerobic peak power, average power, and extensor muscles of the lower-limb were significantly lower than before the COVID-19 situation by wearing masks in training and normal daily living, and the KF94 mask-wearing group had lower performance in high-intensity aerobic exercise and recovery rate than non-mask group.
Long-term survival and immune reconstitution of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for childhood molecular relapse of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: leping zhang , guanhua hu , yingxi zuo , yingjun chang , xiangyu zhao , pan suo , yueping jia , aidong lu , yu wang , chenhua yan , yu wang , lanping xu , xiaohui zhang , kaiyan liu , yifei cheng , Huang Xiao-Jun
Published: October 2022

Measurable residual disease (MRD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an independent risk factor for relapse in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and immune reconstitution of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in patients with molecular relapse after allo-HSCT. Eleven patients with molecular relapse of B-cell-ALL who underwent CAR-T therapy after allo-HSCT were enrolled. The rate of MRD negativity after a month of CAR-T infusion was 81.8%. Patients who bridged to second-HSCT after CAR-T therapy (n = 3) showed a trend of higher 3-year leukemia-free survival and 3-year overall survival than those who did not (n = 8; 100% vs. 75.0%; 95% CI, 45.0–104.9%; P = 0.370). No treatment-related mortalities were observed. Among patients who did not bridge to second-HSCT and remained in complete remission until the last follow-up (n = 6), five of them had not recovered normal immunoglobulin concentrations with a median follow-up of 43 months. CAR-T therapy may be a safe and effective treatment strategy to improve survival after allo-HSCT; however, the problem of prolonged hypogammaglobulinemia in patients who do not bridge to second-HSCT is worth noting.
The roles of the dietitian in an 18-week telephone and mobile application nutrition intervention for upper gastrointestinal cancer: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Testa Sharni , Furness Kate , Choi Tammie , Haines Terry , Huggins Catherine E.
Published: October 2022

Purpose This study aimed to explore the patient-dietitian experience during an 18-week nutrition counselling intervention delivered using the telephone and a mobile app to people newly diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer to 1) elucidate the roles of the dietitian during intervention delivery and 2) explore unmet needs impacting nutritional intake.
Methods Qualitative case study methodology was followed, whereby the case was the 18-week nutrition counselling intervention. Dietary counselling conversations and post-intervention interviews were inductively coded from six case participants which included: fifty-one telephone conversations (17 hours), 244 written messages and four interviews. Data were coded inductively, and themes constructed. The coding framework was subsequently applied to all post-study interviews (n=20) to explore unmet needs.
Results Themes describing the roles of the dietitian were: regular collaborative problem solving to encourage empowerment, a reassuring care navigator including anticipatory guidance, and rapport building via psychosocial support. Psychosocial support included provision of empathy, reliable care provision and delivery of positive perspective. Despite intensive counselling from the dietitian, nutrition impact symptom management was a core unmet need as it required intervention beyond the scope of practice for the dietitian.
ConclusionDelivery of nutrition care via the telephone or an asynchronous mobile app to people with newly diagnosed UGI cancer required the dietitian to adopt a range of roles to influence nutritional intake: they empower people, act as care navigators, and provide psychological support. Limitations in dietitians’ scope of practice identified unmet patient’s needs in nutrition impact symptom management, which requires medication management.
Trial Registration 27th January 2017 Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12617000152325).
Longstanding overt ventriculomegaly diagnosed in adolescents, not adults: a pediatric case report
Authors: Ohashi Eri , Hayakawa Itaru , Usami Kenichi , Ogiwara Hideki , Abe Yuichi
Published: October 2022

Background
Longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA) is a new form of progressive hydrocephalus characterized by onset in early childhood and gradual progression into adulthood. Patients with LOVA are usually asymptomatic in childhood. The diagnosis of LOVA in adolescence has not been reported.
Case report
A patient with macrocephaly and mild ventriculomegaly from infancy developed headache exacerbation and cognitive dysfunction at the age of 11 years. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed mild tri-ventriculomegaly with no radiological aggravation compared to imaging at the age of 8 years. No papilledema was observed. Drainage of 15 ml of spinal fluid via a lumbar puncture relieved the headache and cognitive dysfunction. Based on repeated improvements in cognitive function and headaches after spinal fluid drainage, we diagnosed the patient with LOVA with symptom onset in early adolescence. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed, and the headaches disappeared completely. The full-scale intellectual quotient, verbal comprehension, and working memory improved significantly.
Conclusions
LOVA may manifest as early as adolescence. The clinical presentation, age, clinical, radiological features, and management vary, and a spinal tap exam is useful for diagnosing LOVA, even in children. The spinal tap exam may be indicated in children with longstanding ventriculomegaly and neurological symptoms to diagnose this “treatable intellectual disability.”
Seismic resilience assessment of buildings: case study of Blida city
Authors: Yousfi Nacim , Mounir Ait Belkacem , Boukri Mehdi , Guessoum Nabila , Bensaibi Mahmoud
Published: October 2022

Several studies have been carried out to assess the building’s seismic vulnerability, in order to mitigate the seismic risk in urban areas, which is one of the most devastating natural hazards causing considerable economic and human losses. These studies must be incorporated to improve the planning of urban areas in order to have resistant and resilient cities in case of disasters. The seismic feedback has shown that the build back better concept has a direct impact on the city’s economic growth. In this paper, the existing buildings resilience is assessed, in order to highlight the capacity of these last to keep the functionality when an earthquake occurs. This building’s resilience has been determined according to the damages states, the reconstruction time and the reconstruction cost for three types of structures: masonry, reinforced concrete and steel. The vulnerability curves used give the damage grade according to the vulnerability index and the seismic intensity. A seismic resilience scenario was performed using a geographic information system (GIS) and applied for the Blida city (Algeria) classified as a high seismic zone according to Algerian seismic regulations.
A retrospective cohort study of pharmacogenetics of warfarin dosing in Chinese Adults with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zhu Ye , You Jia , Gu Xiang , Zhu Hua , Liu Jia
Published: October 2022

Background: The guide for the use of genotype-guided warfarin dosing in patients for the treatment of non-valvular atrial fbrillation (NVAF) is still lacking.
Aim: We aimed to evaluate whether genotype-guided warfarin dosing is superior to conventional clinical dosing for the outcomes of interest in Chinese patients.
Method: The patients of this study were assigned to two cohorts to receive their dose of warfarin determined by a genetic and clinical factor (gene group) or dosing determined empirically(control group).We incorporated CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes into the gene group. The international normalized ratio (INR) measurement and standard protocols were used for further dose adjustment in both groups. The primary outcomes were the percentage of time in the therapeutic range (%TTR) and INR measurement during follow up. Secondary safety outcome included bleeding and thrombotic events.
Results: Compared with the control group, the average TTR of the gene group was higher(68.4 ± 20.6) % vs (48.5 ± 21.6) %, P<0.001) .The frequency of the average INR monitoring times of the gene group was lower(P=0.02).At the end of follow-up, the gene group had a significant lower risk of cumulative incidences of ischemic stroke events in the adjusted model [relative risk (RR) 0.4 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.8),P =0.008] than control group.
Conclusion: Genotype-guided warfarin administration increases the average TTR, reach higher TTR levels in the early anticoagulant phase and significantly reduce the risk of ischemic stroke events.
No-Dose Photodynamic Therapy Against half-dose Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Servillo Andrea , Sacconi Riccardo , Zucchiatti Ilaria , Grachova Elena , Querques Lea , Prascina Francesco , Tombolini Beatrice , Dorin Giorgio , Mainster Martin , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe
Published: October 2022

Objective
To describe the effects of no-dose full fluence photodynamic therapy without verteporfin (no-dose PDT) and to compare no-dose PDT with half-dose verteporfin full-fluence photodynamic therapy (HDFF PDT) for managing chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC).
Methods
This retrospective study evaluated 11 patients with chronic recurrent CSC treated with no-dose PDT between January 2019 and March 2022. Most of these patients were also treated with half-dose full-fluence PDT (HDFF PDT) a minimum of 3- months before and were considered as control group. We described the changes of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), maximum subretinal fluid (mSRF), foveal subretinal fluid (fSRF) and choroidal thickness (CT) 8 ± 2 weeks after no-dose PDT, and we compared BVCA, mSRF, fSRF and CT of no-dose PDT with those of the of same patients previously treated with HDFF PDT.
Results
Fifteen eyes of 11 patients (10 males, mean age 54 ± 12 years) received no-dose PDT; among these, 10 eyes of 8 patients (7 males, mean age 53 ± 12 years) received also HDFF PDT. Three eyes showed complete resolution of fSRF after no-dose PDT. No significant differences were disclosed between treatment with and without verteporfin comparing BCVA, mSRF, fSRF, and CT at the baseline and 8 ± 2 weeks from the treatment (p > 0.05 in all analyses).
Conclusion
BVCA and CT significantly improved after no-dose PDT. Short-term functional and anatomical treatment outcomes for cCSC were similar for HDFF PDT and no-dose PDT. We hypothesize that the potential benefits of no-dose PDT may arise thermal elevation triggers and enhances photochemical activities by endogenous fluorophores that activates a biochemical cascade response that rescues / replaces sick, dysfunctional RPE cells. Results of this study suggest the potential value of a prospective clinical trial to evaluate no-dose PDT for managing cCSC, especially when verteporfin is contraindicated or unavailable.
Burden of chronic kidney diseases and underlying causes in Zambia: evidence from the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Bosomprah Samuel , Bjonstad Erica C. , Musuku John , Siyumbwa Namasiku , Ngandu Mwila , Chisunka Mukobe , Banda Patrick , Goma Fastone , Mweemba Aggrey
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been a global public health problem and a major source of suffering and poor quality of life for those afflicted. Using data from the global burden of disease (GBD) study 2019, we estimated the magnitude of the burden of CKD as well as the underlying causes of CKD in the Zambian population.
Method
The data used for this study were extracted from the GBD 2019 study. The GBD 2019 provides estimates of several metrics of disease burden including the commonly used disability-adjusted life year (DALYs) for over 369 diseases and injuries, and 87 risk factors and combinations of these in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. We estimated the burden of CKD as the number and rates (per 100,000 population) of DALYs, disaggregated by year, sex, and age group. We examined the underlying causes of CKD by estimating the population attributable fraction as the percentage contributions of risk factors to CKD DALY.
Results
The number of DALYs for CKD was estimated as 76.03 million (95% UI: 61.01 to 93.36) in 2019 compared to 39.42 million (95% UI: 33.09 to 45.90) in 1990, representing 93% increase whereas the DALYs rate per 100,000 population was estimated as 416.89 (95% UI: 334.53 to 511.93) in 2019 compared to 496.38 (95% UI: 416.55 to 577.87) in 1990, representing 16% reduction. CKD due to hypertension accounted for 18.7% of CKD DALYs and CKD due to diabetes (types 1 and 2) accounted for 22.7%, while CKD from glomerulonephritis accounted for the most DALYs at 33%. The age group most impacted from CKD were adolescents and young adults.
Conclusion
The burden of CKD remains high in the Zambian population with diabetes, high blood pressure, and glomerulonephritis as important causes. The results highlight the need to develop a comprehensive action plan to prevent and treat kidney disease. Increasing the awareness of CKD among the public as well as adaptation of guidelines for treating patients with end stage kidney disease are important considerations.
Comparative analysis of Acomys cahirinus and Mus musculus responses to genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation
Authors: Ghebryal Lamees N , Noshy Magda M , El-Ghor Akmal A , Eissa Shaymaa M
Published: October 2022

The Egyptian spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus, is a recently described model organism for regeneration studies. It has surprising powers of regeneration with relatively fast repairing mechanisms and reduced inflammation form compared to other mammals. Although several studies have documented the exceptional capabilities of Acomys to regenerate different tissues after injury, but its response to different cellular and genetic stresses is not yet investigated. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate Acomys abilities to resist genotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation induced by acute and subacute treatments with lead acetate. Responses of Acomys were compared with those of the lab mouse (Mus musculus), which displays signatures of the “typical” mammalian response to various stressors. Cellular and genetic stresses were induced by using acute and subacute doses of Lead acetate (400 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg for 5 days, respectively). The assessment of genotoxicity was carried out by using comet assay, while oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the biomarkers; MDA and reduced GSH. Moreover, inflammation was assessed by analyzing the expression of some inflammatory-regeneration-related genes: CXCL1, IL1-β, and Notch 2 in brain tissue, in addition to histopathological examination of brain, liver, and kidneys. The obtained results revealed a unique resistance potency of Acomys to genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation in certain tissues in comparison to Mus. Altogether, the results revealed an adaptive and protective response to cellular and genetic stresses in Acomys.