bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEMO: Extraction and normalization of organization names from PubMed affiliations
Authors: Jonnalagadda Siddhartha Reddy , Topham Philip
Published: April 2023

Background: We are witnessing an exponential increase in biomedical research citations in PubMed. However, translating biomedical discoveries into practical treatments is estimated to

take around 17 years, according to the 2000 Yearbook of Medical Informatics, and much information is lost during this transition. Pharmaceutical companies spend huge sums to identify opinion leaders and centers of excellence. Conventional methods such as literature search, survey, observation, self‐identification, expert opinion, and sociometry not only need much human effort, but are also non‐comprehensive. Such huge delays and costs can be reduced by “connecting those who produce the knowledge with those who apply it”. A humble step in this direction is large‐scale discovery of persons and organizations involved in specific areas of research. This can be achieved by automatically extracting and disambiguating author names and affiliation strings retrieved through Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and other keywords associated with articles in PubMed. In this study, we propose NEMO (Normalization Engine for Matching Organizations), a system for extracting organization names from the affiliation strings provided in PubMed abstracts, building a thesaurus (list of synonyms) of organization names, and subsequently normalizing them to a canonical organization name using

the thesaurus.

Results: We used a parsing process that involves multi‐layered rule matching with multiple dictionaries. The normalization process involves clustering based on weighted local sequence

alignment metrics to address synonymy at word level, and local learning based on finding connected components to address synonymy. The graphical user interface and java client library

of NEMO are available at http://lnxnemo.sourceforge.net.

Conclusion: NEMO associates each biomedical paper and its authors with a unique organization name and the geopolitical location of that organization. This system provides more accurate

information about organizations than the raw affiliation strings provided in PubMed abstracts. It can be used for : a) bimodal social network analysis that evaluates the research relationships

between individual researchers and their institutions; b) improving author name disambiguation; c) augmenting National Library of Medicine (NLM)’s Medical Articles Record

System (MARS) system for correcting errors due to OCR on affiliation strings that are in small fonts; and d) improving PubMed citation indexing strategies (authority control) based on

normalized organization name and country.
EpiphaNet: An Interactive Tool to Support Biomedical Discoveries
Authors: Cohen Trevor , Whitfield G Kerr , Schvaneveldt Roger W , Mukund Kavitha , Rindflesch Thomas
Published: April 2023

Background. EpiphaNet (http://epiphanet.uth.tmc.edu) is an interactive knowledge discovery system, which enables researchers to explore visually sets of relations extracted from MEDLINE using a combination of language processing techniques. In this paper, we discuss the theoretical and methodological foundations of the system, and evaluate the utility of the models that underlie it for literature‐based discovery. In addition, we present a summary of results drawn from a qualitative analysis of over six hours of interaction with the system by basic medical scientists.

Results: The system is able to simulate open and closed discovery, and is shown to generate associations that are both surprising and interesting within the area of expertise of the researchers concerned.

Conclusions: EpiphaNet provides an interactive visual representation of associations between concepts, which is derived from distributional statistics drawn from across the spectrum of biomedical citations in MEDLINE. This tool is available online, providing biomedical scientists with the opportunity to identify and explore associations of interest to them.
Towards A Networked Privacy Paradigm: Assumptions And Implications
Authors: De Wolf Ralf Patrick , Heyman Rob
Published: April 2023

There is a long tradition of research on why and to whom people disclose information and manage their privacy, especially since the emergence of social media. Recently, there has been a push to conceptualize privacy in relation to social media as ‘networked privacy’, where privacy is framed in terms of networks, relationships or people. Despite the popular term it is unclear what makes networked privacy new and how it relates to other privacy conceptualizations. In this paper, we therefore analyze networked privacy together with the following privacy theories; Warren and Brandeis’ right to be left alone, Westin’s privacy control, Nissenbaum’s theory of contextual integrity and Petronio’s communication privacy management theory. Each theory refers (implicitly or explicitly) to different ontological and epistemological claims and we will clarify these and illustrate how fundamentally different the networked privacy paradigm is from its counterparts. The analysis serves as a first step towards defining fundamental principles for a paradigm of networked privacy.
Towards A Theory Of Cross-Media Networked Microcelebrity: Of Bedrooms, Blogsites, Broadcasts, And Boardrooms
Authors: Lundmark Evelina
Published: April 2023

The purpose of my research is to examine the new visibility of atheism and non-religion in a sphere that blurs private and public. In this paper I will look at how US women performing and constructing atheist identity via personal YouTube channels are enacting and invoking a counter public(s). These technologically mediated counter publics actualize issues of race, gender, religion, nationality and the issue of having voice in broader US society. These women speak of vulnerability, stereotyping, and the wish both to be seen and to remain hidden. My study highlights issues of what it means to have privacy in a hyper mediated sphere, and how intimacy is invoked in network spaces to connote authenticity. Using Actor Network Theory (ANT) I will be looking at these performances as relational and embedded in a particular nexus of technology, associative logic, templates of behavior, as well as material affordances and objects (Latour 2005). The purpose is to look at lived non-religion, not in order to categorize or make sense of the non-religious but to look at the performance of the personal and stigmatized in an ambivalent public. As a complement to ANT I appropriate Lynn Schofield Clark’s (2011) usage of mediatization theory, her usage is dynamic and emphasizes agency, if not necessarily intent, and contributes to a discussion on rethinking the conceptualization of public sphere and public discourse. I will use ANT to develop mediatization theory, particularly exploring if and how mediatization can be understood on a micro level.
USER’S DIGITAL IMAGINARIES OF SELF USURPED THROUGH WORK: WHY USERS AUTONOMY IS AT RISK
Authors: Buchbach Jacinta
Published: April 2023

This paper argues that employers are dictating standards of online behaviour that unduly restrict the ability of users to manage their imagined identities and audiences on social media. Users carefully manage their personal and professional identities online and offline in an effort to avoid blurring of these domains. They exercise some degree of choice in segmenting or integrating their personal and professional domains. Whilst much of the rhetoric around the management of identity in social media revolves around autonomous choice in sharing practices and the affordances and process of platforms, socially engaged employees have little control over the way they manage their personal and professional boundaries. In fact, the social media policies adopted by some organisations actively deprive users of autonomy in how they manage these domains. By conducting a legal analysis of social media policies through the theoretical lens of boundary theory, I argue that restrictive policies impede an employee’s ability to manage their identities by collapsing boundaries which facilitate further blurring of domains. These insights give rise to legal concerns about the enforceability of these policies against employees.
Role of Green Finance, Trade Openness, FDI, Economic Growth on Environmental Sustainability in Pakistan
Authors: Khizar Sana , Anees Alvena
Published: April 2023

With time, the world is concerned about environmental protection and climate change, so policymakers and researchers focus on green finance. We investigate the role of green finance, GDP, trade openness, and foreign direct investment on environmental sustainability in Pakistan from the period from 1980 to 2020. By applying the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) we find that green finance, GDP, and foreign direct investment are a positive and significant relationship with environmental sustainability while trade openness is a negative and insignificant effect on environmental sustainability. According to the theory of the environmental Kuznets curve, a model of environmental sustainability is developed.
Effect of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Openness on the Poverty Alleviation in Burundi – Sub African Country: ARDL (Co-integration) Approach
Authors: Ilyas Amina , Banaras Amina , Javaid Zainab , Ur Rahman Saif
Published: April 2023

International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment openness are crucial for economic growth and development. These are equally significant for developed and under-developed countries. The study’s major goal was to look at how foreign direct investment, inflation, GDP and trade openness affected the poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan African Countries. A country where half of the population lives below the poverty. Annual data for the period 1990 to 2021 gathered from World Development Indicators database to investigate the long run & short run effects of the independent variables for the Sub-Saharan African countries by using Auto-regressive and Lag distributive (Co-integration) model. The findings revealed negative long run influence of foreign direct investment and GDP to poverty head count ratio. The shreds of Evidence also showed that FDI has not shown any distinctive effect on poverty in a shorter period. Moreover, GDP, trade openness and inflation are also effective in reducing poverty in short run. While inflation urges the investors to do more investment in production sector that reduces unemployment and poverty in the end. The study suggested the government officials, policymakers, and investors, to invest more in the poor countries. As FDI is crucial in creating jobs for the unemployed population that lead to the rise in income and living standard of the people. Moreover, the study suggested questioning some other factors causing poverty.
Parasites as biological indicators of fish of lake Ladoga amd lake Ilmen
Authors: Voronin V. N. , Pechenkina A. A. , Vasiliev F. V. , Kamenchenko A. V.
Published: April 2023

It has been established that the parasitofauna of pike and roach caught from Lake Ladoga and Lake Ilmen differ, which is determined by the significant hydrological and environmental features of these reservoirs. Parasites such as Paracoenogonimus ovatus and Ergasilus sieboldi, which are numerous in the fish of Lake Ilmen and practically absent in Lake Ladoga, can be used as biological tags to determine the reservoir from which this fish was caught. No helminth larvae dangerous to humans and animals were detected in the studied fish.
Association of parasitic diseases in the Masalli district of Azerbaijan
Authors: Mamedova M. M. , Mekhralyeva U. M.
Published: April 2023

The article describes the associative infection of sheep with parasitic diseases. Determining the presence of helminthic and blood-parasitic diseases was carried out in sheep farms of the Masalli region of Azerbaijan. In scatological studies in animals, infection with nematodiasis caused by the nematode Nematodirus spathiger from the Trichostrongylidae family was detected, and a clinical examination of sick and recovered sheep was also carried out. Anaplasmosis and babesiosis have been registered in sheep, the carriers of which are ticks Rhipisephalus bursa. Microscopic examination of the causative agent of anaplasmosis and babesiosis is located in the center of erythrocytes, and up to 1-4 parasites can be traced in one erythrocyte. The parasites are round and pear-shaped, 1.2-5 µm in size with a pear-shaped form and 1-1.5 µm with a round one, and there are about 20-45% of babesias in 100 fields of view of a microscope. Thus, an association of parasitic diseases - nematodirosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis has been established in the sheep farms of the Masalli region of Azerbaijan.
Influence of injectable vitamin complexes on blood morpho-biochemical composition and dynamics of live weight growth in calves
Authors: Nikolaev S. V.
Published: April 2023

The paper evaluates the effect of various vitamin preparations on the morphobiochemical composition of blood and the dynamics of body weight gain in calves. For this purpose, the first group of young animals (n=10) was injected once every 14 days four times intramuscularly with the vitamin complex "Oligovit", the second group (n=10) with 4 ml of the drug "Aquiton" in a similar mode, the third – "Asidivit" with 6 ml, the fourth group of animals was a control (without treatments). It was found that calves treated with oligovit had a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (by 27.9%; P<0.05), concentrations of inorganic phosphorus (by 14.7%; P><0.05), erythrocytes (by 27.4%; P><0.01) and hematocrit (by 26.8%; P><0.05), with an increase in the hemoglobin content in erythrocytes (by 35.2%; P><0.01). Treatment of young animals with aquiton was accompanied by a decrease in phosphorus concentration (by 25.3%; P><0.001), iron level (by 75.5%; P><0.05), hematocrit (by 23.7%; P><0.05), an increase in the calcium-phosphorus coefficient (by 22.0%; P><0.001) and the concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (29.7%; P><0.01). Treatment with asidivit contributed to a decrease in the average volume of red blood cells (by 5.8%; P><0.05) and an increase in the average concentration of hemoglobin in the>˂0.05), concentrations of inorganic phosphorus (by 14.7%; P˂0.05), erythrocytes (by 27.4%; P˂0.01) and hematocrit (by 26.8%; P˂0.05), with an increase in the hemoglobin content in erythrocytes (by 35.2%; P˂0.01). Treatment of young animals with aquiton was accompanied by a decrease in phosphorus concentration (by 25.3%; P˂0.001), iron level (by 75.5%; P˂0.05), hematocrit (by 23.7%; P˂0.05), an increase in the calcium-phosphorus coefficient (by 22.0%; P˂0.001) and the concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (29.7%; P˂0.01). Treatment with asidivit contributed to a decrease in the average volume of red blood cells (by 5.8%; P˂0.05) and an increase in the average concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (by 19.3%; P˂0.05). In the control group of animals, there was an increase in globulins (by 32.0%; P˂0.05), an increase in the concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (by 21.8%; P˂0.05), with a decrease in the level of iron in the blood serum (by 62.9%; P˂0.05). The largest weight gain was obtained in calves treated with oligovite (226.0±29.0), and the smallest in the control group of animals (171.4±27.5).
Vascularization of the shoulder and forearm of the big gray goose
Authors: Glushonok S. S. , Bylinskaya D. S. , Khvatov V. A.
Published: April 2023

Goose wings are organs that serve for flying or soaring in the air, they have a powerful muscular system that needs constant blood supply. Arterial blood flows from the heart to the tissues through the arteries, which in turn are divided into arterioles to distribute blood through the tissues of the wing. On the wing of the goose there are flight feathers, without which flight would not be possible. For the growth and development of the feather, a good vascularization of the thoracic limb of this bird is also required. Knowing this, it can be assumed that the vessels going to the wing have a large diameter and a convenient skeletotopic arrangement for various veterinary manipulations during treatment and multiple preventive measures. We decided to set a goal – to study the vascularization of the shoulder and forearm on the example of a large gray goose, as well as to perform morphometry of the main arteries, to study their course and branching. The research was conducted at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the SPbGUVM. The corpses of a large gray goose in the amount of six pieces, aged from 7 to 9 months, were used as material. The corpses of the birds were delivered from a private farm in the Gatchina district of the Leningrad region. Studies of vascularization of the shoulder and forearm of a large gray goose were carried out using a complex of classical and modern research methods used in morphology. As a result of the study, it was found that the arteries of the thoracic limb of a large gray goose include the subclavian, pterygeal, axillary (axillary), scapular, brachial, which, separating, gives the radial and ulnar, deep artery of the shoulder, cranial circumference artery of the shoulder.
Post transfusion reactions in animals (review)
Authors: Nekrasova E. A. , Andreeva N. L. , Lunegov A. M. , Zvyagina S. A.
Published: April 2023

Currently, veterinary specialists are increasingly using blood transfusion in various pathological conditions of the animal body. But at the same time, the effect of hemoconservatives on the body of animals and whole blood has been little studied. The review article provides an analysis of the results of studies of post-transfusion complications in the period from 2008 to 2022. Particular attention in these studies was paid to the frequency of occurrence, the quality of blood or its component, the compatibility of the donor and recipient, complications during and after hemotransfusion. Post-transfusion reactions that can occur as a result of blood transfusion have shown a number of possible immunological and nonimmunological reactions of the organism of animals and humans, the origin of which has been little studied. Posttransfusion reactions of the body include incompatibility reactions, reactions to erythrocyte proteins, reactions to platelets and leukocytes during plasma transfusion, anaphylactoid reactions, hypothermia, heparinization, coagulopathy and thrombosis, microbial contamination, hyperammonemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperkalemia, acidosis, pre-transfusion hemolysis, hemosiderosis. The frequency of occurrence of these reactions has not been sufficiently studied, since mainly isolated cases or studies with a small sample are described. The problem of post-transfusion reactions in animals in our country began to be studied recently. Post-transfusion reactions are practically not monitored, since this requires additional research in a hospital veterinary clinic.
Hypokaliemia etiological causes in companion animals assessment
Authors: Karpenko L. Yu. , Kozitsyna A. I. , Bakhta A. A.
Published: April 2023

Potassium is a vital element involved in ensuring the work of excitable tissues and maintaining the osmotic pressure of all body cells, therefore any of its displacements are critically important both for the diagnosis and prediction of the course of the disease, but also for monitoring treatment. In the presented study, the biochemical blood parameters of small breeds of dogs (Yorkshire Terrier, Toy Poodle, pug, Miniature Pinscher and Pomeranian), large breeds (Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd), cats (Burmese, British, Maine Coon, Russian blue, Scottish Straight and European shorthair) were analyzed. The purpose of the presented study was to identify and assess the frequency of occurrence of etiological causes leading to the development of hypokalemia in cats and dogs of different breeds in the territory of St. Petersburg with subsequent statistical processing of the results obtained. Serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, glucose, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, as well as the activity of enzymes alanine aminotransferase (AlAt), aspartate aminotransferase (AsAt) and alkaline phosphatase were determined. The parameters of hematocrit, hemoglobin, the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes were determined in the stabilized blood, also according to generally accepted methods. It was found that the most common causes of hypokalemia in cats are chronic kidney disease (41%), dysphagia as a result of dental disease (29%), neoplasms – mainly mammary glands (24%). In dogs of large and small breeds – enteropathies and conditions accompanied by vomiting (32%), blood parasites (16%) and hepatopathy (16%), with a predominance of enteropathies in dogs of both groups and blood parasitic diseases causing anemia in dogs of large breeds. It should be noted that in order to more accurately determine the diagnostic significance and the possibility of determining forecasts, it is necessary to increase the number of samples of animals with an assessment of indicators in dynamics.
Estimation of the diameter of arterial vessels of the multicameral stomach in sheep of the Edilbaev breed at different stages of postnatal ontogenesis
Authors: Melnikov S. I. , Shchipakin M. V. , Khvatov V. A.
Published: April 2023

The multicameral stomach of sheep of the Edilbaevsky breed, as in other ruminants, according to domestic and foreign authors, has a large number of branches of the main arterial highway, which is due to the functional feature of this organ. The main arterial highway of the multicameral stomach is the abdominal artery. The hepatic artery first departs from it, and then the right cicatricial artery branches off, which goes along the right longitudinal furrow of the scar and exits to its left surface, and the splenic artery branches off the thick right cicatricial artery, and itself in the form of a thin vessel is directed to the spleen. Further, the abdominal artery smoothly passes into the left gastric artery, which goes from the right between the scar and the mesh and, having reached the book, gives the left gastro-omentum artery to the large curvature of the rennet, and the rennet itself anastomoses with the right gastric artery on the small curvature. The methods for the study were fine anatomical dissection, vasorentgenography and computed tomography of the vascular bed with the introduction of a contrasting substance. Corpses and live individuals of sheep of the Edilbaevsky breed aged from 10 days to 14 months, from a private farm in the Leningrad region, served as material for the study. According to the results of the study, it was found that the largest increase in the diameter of the vessels of the arterial bed of the multicameral stomach in sheep of the Edilbaev breed over the entire period of research was observed in the right cicatricial artery. The diameter of other vessels vascularizing this organocomplex increases uniformly at all stages of development. We associate this fact with the active growth of this organ in the first three months of life.
Legal Basis for Handling Animal By-products
Authors: Shukhov F. G. , Rytchenko A. V.
Published: April 2023

Preservation of the ecosystem and biological safety is closely tired with search for ways to use animal waste. Federal Law No. 248-FZ "On by-products of Animal Husbandry and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" is aimed to environmental protection and for the development of agriculture and especially the sector of organic fertilization. It introduces the concept of animal by-products into the legal field and regulates the entire life cycle of these products. The law has special importance for the safety of the environment. Based on this fact we see that though it establishes strict requirements for working with by-products, the legislator makes it possible to remove a certain burden from agricultural producers and acts in a clear logic of strengthening biological safety.
Legislative base for regulation of the number of hunting resources on the example of the Leningrad Region
Authors: Chekhovskikh I. A. , Ol E. M.
Published: April 2023

Federal Law No. 209-FZ of July 24, 2009 “On hunting and on the conservation of hunting resources and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation” establishes the basis for regulating the number of hunting resources, which are specified by subordinate regulatory legal acts and norms of veterinary legislation.

The article discusses the requirements that determine the procedure for organizing and conducting activities to regulate the number of hunting resources, explains the essence and necessity of this activity, provides materials and research methods. Particular attention is paid to the condition of the hunting resources of the Leningrad Region and the justification for the need to regulate their numbers in accordance with regional environmental and economic needs.
On the issue of licensing pharmaceutical activities carried out in the field of circulation of medicinal products for veterinary use
Authors: Zakhodnova D. V. , Poyarkova R. V. , Shershneva I. I.
Published: April 2023

The article analyzes data on the provision of public services for licensing pharmaceutical activities in the field of circulation of medicines for veterinary use.

Studied regulatory legal documents on the procedure for licensing. The register of licensees and making appropriate changes to it is maintained by the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance. In accordance with the established procedure, the Service provides interested persons with information from the Register and other information in this field of activity. Through the Unified Portal of Public Services of the Federal State Information System, applications for the provision of licenses are sent. In electronic form, a request is also made to the licensing authority to amend the Register and terminate the licenses. The use of EPGU for this purpose was introduced from March 1, 2022.

The data of the North-Western Interregional Department of Rosselkhoznadzor in the assigned field of activity for granting licenses, suspension of their validity, renewal and termination of licenses are analyzed.
Antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and practical significance for veterinary medicine
Authors: Makavchik S. A. , Borisova M. S.
Published: April 2023

For successful pharmacotherapy of animals, species identification of pathogens, analysis of antibiograms and interpretation of the results, and laboratory monitoring of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are important. This is necessary for veterinarians to rationally select antibacterial drugs and predict their clinical effectiveness. In veterinary clinics, antimicrobial therapy requires review of therapeutic efficacy more often than other treatments.

Klebsiella are widely distributed in nature. These microorganisms are often etiological factors in septicemia in cattle, birds, horses, pigs, as well as in the development of infectious diarrhea in young farm animals.

The purpose of the study is to study the antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from dogs and its practical significance for veterinary medicine.

Materials and methods. The microorganism K. pneumoniae was isolated from wound contents in a dachshund dog. The dog was observed in the intensive care unit in the veterinary clinic.

The sensitivity to antibacterial drugs was assessed by the method of diffusion of antibiotics into agar.

Research results. In the period from 2021 to 2022, a total of 100 isolates were isolated from dogs with purulentinflammatory processes, among which 18% are gram-negative and 82% are gram-positive microorganisms, and the case of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolation is 1%.

The isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia were characterized by resistance to aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin), III generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime), IV cephalosporins (cefepime), penicillins (Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid), carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem). ), fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin), aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin) and a number of other antimicrobial drugs (sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim). Klebsiella was highly sensitive only to fosfomycin.

When analyzing this antibiogram of Klebsiella pneumoniae, it is necessary to conduct additional laboratory studies in order to establish the minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics and to study the mechanisms of resistance.

Conclusion. Among strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from wound exudate in dogs, there is a spread of resistance to most antibiotics, as well as an increase in resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems. It is necessary to carry out laboratory control of antibiotic resistance for further rational use of antibacterial drugs.
Changes in the immunobiological properties of vaginal secretions of patients with genital mycoplasmosis of cows against the background of the use of Tulatromycin
Authors: Vasiliev R. M.
Published: April 2023

The state of reproductive health of females determines not only their successful insemination, but also the birth of healthy viable young. However, in the conditions of livestock complexes, one often has to deal with pathologies of the reproductive tract organs, among which, recently, diseases characterized by a long latent period have become most relevant, which complicates their timely diagnosis and therapy. One of these diseases is genital mycoplasmosis of cattle. The aim of our research was to study the therapeutic efficacy of the antibiotic tulatromycin in genital mycoplasmosis in cows and its effect on the immunobiological properties of vaginal secretions. For the experiment, two groups of cows were formed, 8 heads each. The first group (experimental) – cows with a positive PCR test for Mycoplasma spp., who were treated with the antibiotic traksovet (tulatromycin) subcutaneously, at the rate of 2.5 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight, once. The second group (control) – clinically healthy cows with a negative PCR test for Mycoplasma spp. In animals, a secret was collected from the vaginal walls in which the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH), lysozyme activity, Ig G, Ig M, Ig A and sIg A content were determined. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by repeated PCR test 14 days after the drug application. The use of tulatromycin in a dose of 2.5 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight for the treatment of cows with genital mycoplasmosis, once leads to the elimination of the pathogen from the genital tract in 75% of sick animals, which indicates its high therapeutic efficacy. In addition, tulatromycin therapy leads to a partial normalization of the vaginal secretion reaction and its lysozyme activity, but they do not reach the level of healthy cows. The content of immunoglobulin classes in vaginal secretions under the action of the drug underwent recovery to their levels in healthy animals.
Hemotransmissive infections in blood donor cats
Authors: Zvyagina S. A. , Kovalev S. P.
Published: April 2023

The paper provides information about studies conducted on 490 cats, aged from 1 to 8 years, in females and males belonging to different breeds. All animals tested for infection passed the stage of clinical examination and had no contraindications to donation, and accordingly had no visible clinical signs of hemotransmissive infections (GTI). A detailed clinical examination of the patient and competent collection of anamnesis allows you to minimize the risks of detecting GTI in an animal. GTI diagnostics was performed by PCR on Bio-Rad CFX Connect Real-Time PCR Detection System and BioRad CFX 96 Real-Time PCR Detection System, ELISA – on Thermo Scientific Multiskan FC Microplate Photometer. According to the results of the study, feline immunodeficiency virus (VIC) was detected in 11 cats (2.2%), feline leukemia virus (VLC) in 5 cats (1%), hemoplasmosis (Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum) in 7 cats (1.4%), Bartonella henselae in 5 cats (1%). Despite the low percentage of animals in which GTI was detected, it is worth noting the need for blood banks for animals in which all potential donors undergo mandatory diagnostics. Many of the animals that turned out to be carriers of GTI had previously donated blood privately, thereby not helping recipients, but transmitting diseases to them, often incurable. Animals in contact with GTI carriers should be monitored regularly and in more depth at the GTI. Even a positive patient history and the absence of clinical signs in the animal require additional monitoring in the form of blood tests, which is very rarely carried out privately when owners donate animals as donors outside of blood banks. This fact contributes to the spread of GTI during hemotransfusion.
Laboratory methods for monitoring resistance to methycillin of Staphylococcus of zoonotic origin
Authors: Makavchik S. A. , Borisova M. S.
Published: April 2023

The development of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms is considered a modern phenomenon, which is usually caused by empirical antibiotic therapy. One of the representatives with high antibiotic resistance is staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics and is responsible for most nosocomial infections. This microorganism synthesizes penicillinase, an enzyme that breaks down penicillin molecules. To effectively combat Staphylococcus aureus, a modified penicillin, methicillin, was previously used, the molecule of which was not destroyed by this enzyme. However, methicillin-resistant strains of this pathogen are also known today.

As part of the group of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRSA), there are three subgroups: nosocomial variants of MRSA, community-acquired MRSA, MRSA associated with farm animals, common among farm animals (livestockassociated MRSA, LA-MRSA). MRSA are characterized by multidrug resistance.

It was previously believed that Staphylococcus intermedius is the most dangerous staphylococcus for pets. However, over the past few years it has been found that the most common is Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, which is gaining increasing relevance. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is a bacterium commonly found on the skin, mouth, nasal mucosa, and gastrointestinal tract in approximately 50% of pets. Unlike MRSA, MRSP is much more common in dogs and cats. One of the main methods of laboratory control over their spread is a monitoring study of the epizootic and epidemiological situation among animals and the population.

The home environment plays a major role in the transmission of MRSA and MRSP, therefore, by taking careful measures to prevent the spread of infection, the likelihood of infection in both companion animals and humans can be reduced.

The determination of sensitivity and resistance by phenotypic methods is carried out using: disk diffusion method, broth microdilution method, agar dilution method, E-test method.

Laboratory methods for monitoring the mechanisms of resistance of staphylococci to methicillin include phenotypic methods using disks with oxacillin, or cefoxitin.

Genotypic methods using polymerase chain reaction allow detecting the mecA, mecC gene.

For a serological diagnostic method, a latex agglutination test is used to identify MRSA and MSSA (PSB2a / PSB2 spicelin-binding protein).

Treatment of animals requires special attention because infections caused by multi-resistant staphylococci are more severe, chronic or latent, which increases the duration of treatment.
Specifics of the use of bovine blood serum in the technology of cultivation of avian metapneumovirus
Authors: Skorik A. S. , Pankratov S. V. , Kron N. V.
Published: April 2023

When obtaining virus-containing material of avian metapneumovirus infection (MPVI) on Vero cell culture, special attention should be paid to the composition of growth and supporting nutrient media, since their components directly affect the proliferation and viability of the cell culture, and hence the quality of the resulting target product.

For Vero cell culture, the main nutrient medium is the DMEM medium, into which various additional components are added. It is customary to add up to 10% of fetal bovine serum (FBS) to the growth medium, as for the supporting medium, the question of the need to add blood serum of cattle (cattle) to it does not have an unambiguous solution. Since the financial costs of nutrient media have a significant impact on the cost of the final product, it is necessary to analyze the economic feasibility of using one or another component, in connection with which we have studied the role of blood serum of cattle (FBS and blood serum of adult cattle) in the technology of obtaining the MPVI virus.

As a result of the conducted studies, it was revealed that in the growth medium for Vero cell culture, it is possible to replace FBS with blood serum of adult cattle with no more than two consecutive passages. However, if the Vero cell culture is replanted more than twice, then such a replacement is impossible, since already in the 3-4 passage there are signs of a decrease in the rate of cell division and cell culture degeneration. A large number of voids and rounded cells are noted in the cell layer, which makes it impossible to use it further for the cultivation of viruses or further replanting.

It was also found that when cultivating the MPVI virus on a Vero cell culture, the DMEM maintenance medium containing 2% of cattle blood serum is optimal for use, since it ensures the production of virus-containing material with higher infectious activity compared to the DMEM medium, which does not contain or contains 10% of cattle blood serum at all.
Epizootological situation of Salmonellesis in apiaries of North -Eastern Regions of Azerbaijan
Authors: Gyulalyeva F. R.
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the study of bee salmonellosis in beekeeping farms in the north-eastern regions of Azerbaijan. As a result of studies conducted in 2013-2021. in the beekeeping farms of the north-eastern regions of Azerbaijan, it has been established that salmonellosis is widespread and causes significant economic damage to beekeeping. The studies were carried out in beekeeping farms with bees of the Gonagkend population of the Bozdag Caucasian breed Aphis mellifera caucasica Gorb. 720 bee colonies were subjected to research. Infection in the Gusar region is 62.5%, in Khachmaz region - 37.5%, in Guba farms - 75.0%. Thus, in the Khachmaz region, salmonellosis infection is 37.5%, in the Gusar region - 62.5%, and in the Guba region - 75.0%. Thus, in the Khachmaz region, salmonellosis infection is 37.5%, in the Gusar region - 62.5%, and in the Guba region - 75.0%. The seasonal dynamics, the degree of spread of invasion along the altitudinal zones, depending on the strength of bee colonies, were studied. Depending on the strength of the bees, the dynamics of salmonellosis in bee colonies weakens with warming weather, that is, from March to May. So, in May, the average infection in families with poor nutrition is 18.47%, in families with average nutrition - 12.77%, in families with strong nutrition - 10.53%. The spread and development of salmonellosis is inversely proportional to the increase in ambient temperature.
Use of sexed semen for reproduction in dairy cattle breeding
Authors: Paderina R. V. , Vinogradova N. D.
Published: April 2023

Today, farms use traditional semen and sememen divided by sex for insemination. The use of sexed sperm and the increase in the number of heifers in the offspring due to this will allow breeding enterprises: to ensure optimal parameters for entering the first calves into their own herd; refuse to acquire expensive breeding young from other farms; significantly reduce the cost of raising gobies sold for meat; reduce the number of difficult calving and reduce culling of animals for gynecological diseases; improve the economic condition of the enterprise.

The article provides the results of the use of sexed sperm in one of the farms of the Kirov region. As a result of the studies, it was found that the use of sexed semen makes it possible to significantly increase the number of calves in the obtained offspring by 2 times compared to the use of traditional seed 94.3% versus 48.2% of the use of traditional semen.

The effectiveness of the use of sexed semen is significantly higher when used on heifers: an increase of 7.5% in the effectiveness of the first insemination; a 41.9% decrease in steely animal attrition and a 0.2% decrease in abortion rates.

An essential condition for the successful use of sexed semen is the health of the herd, the qualification of an artificial insemination technician and a veterinarian.
The meaning of vascularization in ulcerative processes in the cornea in pets
Authors: Goncharova A. V. , Saroyan S. V. , Kostylev V. A.
Published: April 2023

Evaluation of the role of corneal neovascularization is very important due to a large number of diseases and various effects of exogenous and endogenous factors inducing angiogenesis. Despite the large number of keratopathies accompanied by angiogenesis, ulcerative processes remain the most common cause of vascular growth in stroma. The variety of symptoms accompanying corneal ulcer, as well as the difference in both volume and depth of the corneal lesion dictates the need to assess the value of vascularization in ulcerative lesions of the cornea in small domestic animals. The objects of the study were 317 animals, including 157 cats and 160 dogs. The animals were admitted to the Department of Diseases of small pets of the Department of Veterinary Surgery of Moscow State Academy of Veterinarian medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K.I. Skryabin. All animals underwent ophthalmological examination with magnifying glass, a slit lamp, and corneal staining with sodium fluorescein to detect the diameter and depth of the defect. Ulcerative keratitis or corneal ulcer was diagnosed. The severity of the disease and its courses were established to realize the purpose of the study. The symptoms of corneal ulcers were different, including: blepharospasm, mucous, mucopurulent or purulent discharge from the conjunctival cavity, edema and hyperemia of the conjunctiva, infiltration by leukocytes at the site of the ulcer, the diameter of the lesion was from ¼ of the area of the cornea to total, the depth from damage to the multilayer squamous epithelium to a perforated ulcer, myosis, hypopion were observed from the uveal tract or a hyphae. In most cases, vascularization accompanied ulcerative processes in the cornea. It was superficial or mixed. Assessing the role of vascularization in the development of ulcerative processes in the cornea, we attach the great importance to barrier the pathological focus, preserve the integrity of the eye, as well as predict the outcome of the ulcerative process.
Economic efficiency of castration of boars using different methods on the background of immunocorrection under the conditions of industrial technology
Authors: Reshetnyak V. V. , Stekolnikov A. A. , Burdeyny V. V. , Treskin M. S.
Published: April 2023

The article presents the results of determining the economic efficiency of the use of two immunocorrectors — thymogen and mikovit (ribav) during castration of boars in industrial technology.

The studies were performed on 49 boars (aged 5 months), divided into seven groups — two control and five experimental ones (n=7 in each).

All animals were castrated: in the 1st control, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups — using open method; in the 2nd control and the 5th experimental groups — using closed method. Preoperative support was carried out according to the methodology used to the farm.

The boars of the experimental groups were additionally treated with immunomodulators: in the first one — with thymogen (five-day course before surgery), in the second one — with mycovit (ribav), according to the scheme of the first group with local application after surgery, in the third — according to the scheme of the first group, but after the surgery; in the 4th and 5th — only with the working solution of mikovit (ribav) according to the method of the 2nd experimental group.

The economic effect of the developed schemes was defined as the difference between the damage prevented as a result of veterinary measures and veterinary costs, taking into account the additional cost obtained by increasing the quantity of manufactured products and improving their quality. As an additional method, the total index of the effectiveness of veterinary measures was used, which was calculated by multiplying the economic damage by veterinary costs (per animal in each group) and then dividing the resulting number by their minimum multiplication.

It was shown that the inclusion of thymogen at a dose of 100 μg/cm3 into the basic regimen of intramuscular injections with a five-day course after surgery using an open castration method or irrigation of the wound surface according to the above scheme with the solution of mycovit (ribav) can significantly increase the economic effect of veterinary measures. In the conditions of industrial pig breeding (taking into account the higher manufacturability of the application), preference should be given to thymogen.
Analysis of the pharmacokinetic properties of a native drug on the basis of a complex of sorbents
Authors: Popova O. S.
Published: April 2023

Absolutely all preclinical studies involve three groups of experiments: preclinical studies of the pharmacokinetics of the substance, including toxicokinetics, preclinical studies of the pharmacokinetics of the drug and the clinical study of pharmacokinetics on target animals. Pharmacokinetic studies of native drugs are complex because they usually involve the administration of complex components. Thus, only the use of the whole complex of pharmacognostic, chemical, spectral, physicochemical and biological methods can provide an objective assessment of the authenticity and quality of medicinal herbal raw materials and medicinal herbal preparations. The study used Wistar white rats, weight 150-160g according to the Guidelines for Evaluation of Medicinal Products (3).

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of a new feed additive in the form of a premix of sorbents and phytocompositions: milk thistle (DV-silibinin, Pharmcenter VILAR CJSC), thyme (DV-timol, Akhma100). Supplements in the form of finished dosage forms were standardized for the active substance, and have a constant composition. Thus, it allowed to create a study design for a new substance in one animal species. Since the composition of the sorption component was studied earlier, the introduced substances were considered separately and in combination with sorbents.

After a single injection, the linearity of the pharmacokinetics was assessed, based on the administered different doses, the analysis of the main biochemical parameters of the blood was carried out, and the bioavailability was also calculated. Thus, the new premix based on sorbents and plant substances in the form of milk thistle and thyme does not have a negative effect on the body of laboratory animals. As a result of the studies, LD50 and LD100 were not established for the drug, the drug is classified as low-toxic, belongs to the fourth hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007-76 "Harmful substances", which allows further toxico-therapeutic tests.