bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid Sampling–Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge as a Secondary Excitation Source for Laser Ablation-Generated Aerosols: Parametric Dependence and Robustness to Particle Loading
Authors: Manard Benjamin T. , Konegger-Kappel Stefanie , Gonzalez Jhanis J. , Chirinos Jose , Dong Meirong , Mao Xianglei , Marcus R. Kenneth , Russo Richard E.
Published: January 2015

Liquid sampling–atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) microplasma is being developed as a secondary vaporization–excitation source for the optical emission analysis of laser ablation (LA)-generated particle populations. The practicalities of this coupling are evaluated by determining the influence of source parameters on the emission response and the plasma's robustness upon LA introduction of easily ionized elements (EIEs). The influence of discharge current (45–70 mA), LA carrier gas flow rate (0.1–0.8 L min–1), and electrode separation distance (0.5–3.5 mm) was studied by measuring Cu emission lines after ablation of a brass sample. Best emission responses were observed for high-discharge currents, low He carrier gas flow rates, and relatively small (<1.5 mm) electrode gaps. Plasma robustness and spectroscopic matrix effects were studied by monitoring Mg(II): Mg(I) intensity ratios and N2-derived plasma rotational temperatures after the ablation of Sr- and Ca-containing pellets. Plasma robustness investigations showed that the plasma is not appreciably affected by the particle loadings, with the microplasma being slightly more ionizing in the case of Ca introduction. In neither case did the concentration of the concomitant element change the robustness values, implying a high level of robustness. Introduction of the LA particles results in slight increases in the rotational temperatures (~10% relative), with Ca-containing particles having a greater effect than Sr-containing particles. The observed variation of 9% in the plasma rotational temperature is in the same order of magnitude as the short-term reproducibility determined by the proposed LA-LS-APGD system. The determined rotational temperatures ranged from 1047 to 1212 K upon introducing various amounts of Ca and Sr. The relative immunity to LA particle-induced matrix effects is attributed to the relatively long residence times and high power densities (10 W mm–3) of the LS-APGD microplasma.
Syndecan-4 Is a Major Syndecan in Primary Human Endothelial Cells In Vitro, Modulated by Inflammatory Stimuli and Involved in Wound Healing
Authors: Vuong Tram Thu , Reine Trine M. , Sudworth Amanda , Jenssen Trond G. , Kolset Svein O.
Published: January 2015

Syndecans are important cell surface proteoglycans with many functions; yet, they have not been studied to a very large extent in primary human endothelial cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate syndecan-4 expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and assess its role in inflammatory reactions and experimental wound healing. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that syndecan-3 and syndecan-4 were highly expressed in HUVECs, whereas the expression of syndecan-1 and -2 was low. HUVECs were cultured with the inflammatory mediators lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). As a result, syndecan-4 expression showed a rapid and strong increase. Syndecan-1 and -2 expressions decreased, whereas syndecan-3 was unaffected. Knockdown of syndecan-4 using siRNA resulted in changes in cellular morphology and focal adhesion sites, delayed wound healing and tube formation, and increased secretion of the pro-inflammatory and angiogenic chemokine, CXCL8. These data suggest functions for syndecan-4 in inflammatory reactions, wound healing and angiogenesis in primary human endothelial cells.
Comparative of wear resistance of low carbon steel pack carburizing using different media
Authors: Hassan Kharia Salman
Published: January 2015

In this study, various carburizing compounds charcoal, cow bone, CaCO3 were added as energizer for the carburizing compounds in percentage of 10%. To produce another compound to pack carburized mild steel 1020 AISI for investigates the influence of these compounds on wear resistance.Many Cylindrical specimens for the adhesion wear tests were prepared from the used metal with dimensions (10x20mm) according to ASTM (G99-04) specificationsThree Heat Treatment process namely pack Carburizing Quenching, and Tempering were done. Firstly the mild steels specimens are carburized at 925° C for 2hr as soaking time and slow cooling in furnace then carburizing specimens were re heating to 870 °C for half hr. and water Quenching .Tempering was done at 160°C for 1 hour and air cooled. the Carburized and Tempered mild steels are subjected for different kind of test such as Adhesive Wear Test with pin on desk method, Hardness Test were taken using Vickers micro-hardness tester and optical microscope is used for microstructure examination X-ray diffraction for phases observation.The result showed that all carburizing compound were contributed in increasing wear resistance and the compound of cow bone with 10% CaCO3 as energizer had a carburizing case depth of 2.32 mm which gives the highest wear resistance while charcoal compound gives a case depth of 1.1 mm .The work shows that cow bone can be used as compounds and energizer in pack carburization of mild steel. The hardness profile plot of the 90 wt.% 10% caco3 cow bone carburized mild steel was also higher than the other compositions and this value contributed on improvements of wear resistance.
Smart metering application for power efficiency studies
Authors: Tudoran Cristian , Albert Stefan , N. Dadarlat Dorin , Tripon Carmen , Dan Anghel Sorin
Published: January 2015

Improving the energy efficiency of our Institute’s data center is an ambitious challenge for our research teams. Understanding how the energy is consumed in each segment of the system becomes fundamental in order to minimize the overall energy consumed by the system itself. In this paper, we propose an experimentally–driven approach to develop a simple and accurate power consumption and temperature monitoring system. In this work we focused our attention on the monitoring, measurement of the energy consumption patterns of our data center system, at INCDTIM Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
On rigid derivations in rings
Authors: Artemovych O.D. , Lukashenko M.P.
Published: January 2015

We prove that in a ring $R$ with an identity there exists an element $a\in R$ and a nonzero derivation $d\in Der R$ such that $ad(a)\neq 0$. A ring $R$ is said to be a $d$-rigid ring for some derivation $d \in Der R$ if  $d(a)=0$ or $ad(a)\neq 0$ for all $a \in R$. We study rings with rigid derivations and establish that a commutative Artinian ring $R$ either has a non-rigid derivation or $R=R_1\oplus \cdots \oplus R_n$ is a ring direct sum of rings $R_1,\ldots ,R_n$ every of which is a field or a differentially trivial $v$-ring. The proof of this result is based on the fact that  in  a local ring $R$  with the nonzero Jacobson radical $J(R)$, for any derivation $d\in Der R$ such that $d(J(R))=0$, it follows that $d=0_R$ if and only if the quotient ring $R/J(R)$ is differentially trivial field.
Наближення модулярних інваріантів, періодів та значень двох еліптичних функцій Якобі
Authors: Barabash G.M. , Kholyavka Ya.M.
Published: January 2015

Нехай $sn_i (z)$, $i=1,2,$ $-$ алгебраїчно незалежні еліптичні функції Якобі. Отримано оцінку сумісного наближення модулярних інваріантів цих функцій, їх періодів, довільного числа $\alpha$ та значень кожної з цих  функцій в періодах іншої та в точці $\alpha$.
Наближення ємностей на метричних просторах ліпшицевими ємностями
Authors: Hlushak I.D.
Published: January 2015

Для довільної ємності на просторі з обмеженою метрикою доведено існування і отримано явний вигляд найближчих до неї ємностей, ліпшицевих з даним коефіцієнтом.
On operators of stochastic differentiation on spaces of regular test and generalized functions of Lévy white noise analysis
Authors: Dyriv M.M. , Kachanovsky N.A.
Published: January 2015

The operators of stochastic differentiation, which are closely related with the extended Skorohod stochastic integral and with the Hida stochastic derivative, play an important role in the classical (Gaussian) white noise analysis. In particular, these operators can be used in order to study properties of the extended stochastic integral and of solutions of stochastic equations with Wick-type nonlinearities. In this paper we introduce and study bounded and unbounded operators of stochastic differentiation in the Levy white noise analysis. More exactly, we consider these operators on spaces from parametrized regular rigging of the space of square integrable with respect to the measure of a Levy white noise functions, using the Lytvynov's generalization of the chaotic representation property. This gives a possibility to extend to the Levy white noise analysis and to deepen the corresponding results of the classical white noise analysis.
Нелокальна крайова задача для системи диференціальних рівнянь з операторними коефіцієнтами у багатовимірній комплексній області
Authors: Il'kiv V.S. , Strap N.I.
Published: January 2015

Досліджено нелокальну крайову задачу для системи диференціальних рівнянь з частинними похідними з оператором $B=(B_1,\ldots,B_p)$, де $B_j\equiv z_j\frac{\partial}{\partial z_j}$, $j=1,\ldots,p$ $-$ оператори узагальненого диференціювання за комплексною змінною $z_j$. Задача є некоректною за Адамаром, а її розв'язність пов'язана з проблемою малих знаменників. Доведено метричні теореми про оцінки знизу малих знаменників, які виникають при побудові розв'язку задачі, а також встановлено умови існування та єдиності цього розв'язку у шкалі просторів функцій багатьох комплексних змінних.
Функції зі зв'язним графіком та $B_1$-ретракти
Authors: Karlova O.
Published: January 2015

Підмножина $E$ топологічного простору $X$ називається $B_1$-ретрактом цього простору, якщо існує відображення $r:X\to E$, яке є поточковою границею послідовності неперервних відображень $r_n:X\to E$, i таке, що $r(x)=x$ для всіх $x\in E$. Доводиться, що графік функції $f:\mathbb R\to Y$, де простір $Y$ - це об'єднання зростаючої послідовності континуумів, є $B_1$-ретрактом добутку $\mathbb R\times Y$ тоді і тільки тоді, коли функція $f$ неперервна.
Gorenstein tiled orders
Authors: Kiricenko V. , Khibina M. , Mashchenko L. , Plakhotnyk M. , Zhuravlev V.
Published: January 2015

The aim of this article is to describe exponent matrices of Gorenstein tiled orders. The necessary and sufficient condition for possibility such to construct a Gorenstein tiled order which has given orders over some discrete valuation ring (the unique for the whole main diagonal) on the main diagonal and its permutation be a product of correspond cycles with given cyclic Gorenstein tiled order is considered.
Про зростання одного класу цілих рядів Діріхле
Authors: Kulyavetc' L.V. , Mulyava O.M.
Published: January 2015

У термінах узагальнених порядків досліджено зв'язок між зростанням цілого ряду Діріхле $F(s)=\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty}a_n\exp\{s\lambda_n\}$ і зростанням цілих рядів Діріхле $F_j(s)=\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty}a_{n, j}\exp\{s\lambda_n\}$,$1\le j\le 2$, якщо коефіцієнти $a_n$ пов'язані з коефіцієнтами $a_{n, j}$ певними співвідношеннями.
On some generalizations of Baer's theorem
Authors: Kurdachenko L.A. , Pypka A.A.
Published: January 2015

In this paper we obtained new automorphic analogue of Baer's theorem for the case when an arbitrary subgroup $A\leq Aut(G)$ includes a group of inner automorphisms $Inn(G)$ of agroup $G$ and the factor-group $A/Inn(G)$ is co-layer-finite.
On orders of two transformation semigroups of the boolean
Authors: Livinsky I.V. , Zhukovska T.G.
Published: January 2015

We consider the semigroup $\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{B}_n)$ of all order-preserving transformations $\varphi : \mathcal{B}_n \rightarrow \mathcal{B}_n$ of ordered by inclusion boolean $\mathcal{B}_n$ of $n$-element set (i.e. such transformations that $A \subseteq B$ implies $\varphi(A) \subseteq \varphi(B)$) and its subsemigroup $\mathcal{C}(\mathcal{B}_n)$ of those transformations for which $\varphi(A) \subseteq A$ for all $A \in \mathcal{B}_n$. Orders of these semigroups are calculated.
The fundamental solution of Cauchy problem for a single equation of the diffusion equation with inertia
Authors: Malytska H.P. , Burtnyak I.V.
Published: January 2015

The paper found the explicit form of the fundamental solution of  Cauchy problem for the equation of Kolmogorov type that has a finite number  groups of spatial variables which are degenerate parabolic.
Про неперевність $KC$-функцій зі значеннями в площині Сідра
Authors: Maslyuchenko V.K. , Myronyk O.D.
Published: January 2015

Показано, що площина Сідра $\mathbb{M}$ - це $\sigma$-метризовний простір, який не має розвинення. У кожної квазінеперервної функції $f:X\to \mathbb{M}$ множина $C(f)$ точок неперервності залишкова в $X$. Досліджена множина $C(f)$ для функцій $f:X\times Y\to \mathbb{M}$, які квазінеперервні відносно першої змінної і неперервні відносно другої змінної.
Задача з косою похідною для параболічних рівнянь з імпульсними умовами і виродженням
Authors: Pukalskiy I.D.
Published: January 2015

За допомогою принципу максимуму та апріорних оцінок вивчається задача з косою похідною для лінійного параболічного рівняння зі степеневими особливостями в коефіцієнтах за просторовими змінними та імпульсними умовами за часовою змінною. У гельдерових просторах зі степеневою вагою встановлено існування та єдиність розв'язку поставленої задачі.
Problem with two-point conditions for parabolic equation of second order on time
Authors: Symotyuk M.M. , Tymkiv I.R.
Published: January 2015

The  correctness of the problem with two-point conditions on time variable and Dirichlet-type conditions  on spetial coordinates for the linear  parabolic equations are established. The metric theorem about estimate from below of small denominators of the problem is proved.
Finite homomorphic images of Bezout duo-domains
Authors: Sorokin O.S.
Published: January 2015

It is proved that for a quasi-duo Bezout ring of stable range 1 the duo-ring condition is equivalent to being an elementary divisor ring. As an application of this result a couple of useful properties are obtained for finite homomorphic images of Bezout duo-domains: they are coherent morphic rings, all injective modules over them are flat, their weak global dimension is either 0 or infinity. Moreover, we introduce the notion of square-free element in noncommutative case and it is shown that they are adequate elements of Bezout duo-domains. In addition, we are going to prove that these elements are elements of almost stable range 1, as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for being square-free element are found in terms of regularity, Jacobson semisimplicity, and boundness of weak global dimension of finite homomorphic images of Bezout duo-domains.
Can the Site-Frequency Spectrum Distinguish Exponential Population Growth from Multiple-Merger Coalescents?
Authors: Eldon Bjarki , Birkner Matthias , Blath Jochen , Freund Fabian
Published: January 2015

The ability of the site-frequency spectrum (SFS) to reflect the particularities of gene genealogies exhibiting multiple mergers of ancestral lines as opposed to those obtained in the presence of population growth is our focus. An excess of singletons is a well-known characteristic of both population growth and multiple mergers. Other aspects of the SFS, in particular, the weight of the right tail, are, however, affected in specific ways by the two model classes. Using an approximate likelihood method and minimum-distance statistics, our estimates of statistical power indicate that exponential and algebraic growth can indeed be distinguished from multiple-merger coalescents, even for moderate sample sizes, if the number of segregating sites is high enough. A normalized version of the SFS (nSFS) is also used as a summary statistic in an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach. The results give further positive evidence as to the general eligibility of the SFS to distinguish between the different histories.
Genetic testing of hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Hadzsiev Kinga , Balikó László , Komlósi Katalin , Lőcsei-Fekete Anett , Csábi Györgyi , Bene Judit , Kisfali Péter , Melegh Béla
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Hereditary spastic paraplegia is the overall term for clinically and genetically diverse disorders characterized with progressive and variable severe lower extremity spasticity. The most common causes of autosomal dominantly inherited hereditary spastic paraplegias are different mutations of the spastin gene with variable incidence in different ethnic groups, ranging between 15–40%. Mutations in the spastin gene lead to loss of spastins function, causing progressive neuronal failure, which results in axon degeneration finally. Aim: The molecular testing of spastin gene is available in the institution of the authors since January, 2014. The experience gained with the examination of the first eleven patients is described in this article. Method: After polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing was performed to examine the 17 exons of the spastin gene. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was performed to detect greater rearrangements in the spastin gene. Eight of the patients were examined in the genetic counseling clinic of the authors and after detailed phenotype assessment spastin gene testing was obtained. The other three patients were referred to the laboratory from different outpatient clinics. Results: Out of the 11 examined patients, four different pathogenic mutations were found in 5 patients. Conclusions: The first Hungarian data, gained with the examination of spastin gene are presented in this article. The five patients, in whom mutations were detected, represent 45.5% of all tested patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia, which is similar to those published in the international literature. Molecular testing and subsequent detailed genotype-phenotype correlations of the Hungarian patients may serve valuable new information about the disease, which later on may influence our therapeutic possibilities and decisions. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(3), 113–117.
Extranodal lymphomas in adults in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Hungary. Analysis of the epidemiologic data of a thirty-year period
Authors: Jakó János , Szerafin László
Published: January 2015

Introduction: In their previous work, the authors reported 27-year’ findings on the epidemiology of extranodal lymphomas in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Hungary. There are no other studies on this topic available in Hungary. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse in detail the epidemiologic data of patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma who were recorded in the leukaemia/lymphoma registry of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county during a 30-year period, to compare the main epidemiologic features of the extranodal and nodal forms, and compare the results with data reported in the international literature. Method: Between January 1, 1983 and December 31, 2012, 1123 adult patients with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma were recorded in the leukaemia/lymphoma registry of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county. Of those, 347 patients suffered from extranodal, and 776 patients from nodal form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The authors compared the incidence of the extranodal and nodal forms, the age and sex distribution of patients, the ratio of B- and T-cell, as well as the indolent and aggressive forms, the geographic distribution and the association with carcinomas. In addition, they studied the occurrence of familial appearance and the localisation of extranodal forms. Results: The occurrence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas indicated an increasing tendency in their county. This tendency was true for both the extranodal and nodal forms, but it was more remarkable in the extranodal form of lymphomas. They found no substantial difference between the main epidemiologic features of the two forms. The gastrointestinal tract was the most frequent site of presentation for extranodal lymphomas. Conclusions: These observations are in line with data reported in the international literature. The data are essentially similar to those published in populations from Western European countries and the United States. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(3), 98–104.
Knowledge and perception of medical students about infertility
Authors: Erdei Márta , Cserepes Réka Eszter , Bugán Antal
Published: January 2015

Introduction: The effectiveness of fertility treatments is influenced by the health care professionals’ knowledge regarding infertility as well as their empathy. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine infertility-related knowledge and perceptions of emotional and mind/body consequences of infertility among medical students. Methods: A questionnaire design was used. Data were obtained from 112 medical university students (76 women, 36 men) who participated involuntary and compensation-free. Results: Medical students’ knowledge concerning infertility proved to be incomplete and ambiguous. Subjects underestimated the presence of mind/body and emotional symptoms caused by infertility in men particularly, and overestimated some emotional concerns in women, e.g. sadness. Conclusions: Medical students have gaps in their subject-specific knowledge, so that they need more (even practical) information regarding infertility during their studies. Students’ conceptions about emotional and physical consequences of infertility are distorted by stereotypes. The risk of these biases is that it could make it difficult to perceive patients in a non-distorted way, especially infertile male patients. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(3), 105–112.
Perspectives in the management of congenital heart defects in adult patients
Authors: Hartyánszky István , Varga Sándor , Havasi Kálmán , Babik Barna , Katona Márta , Bogáts Gábor
Published: January 2015

Due to improving results in congenital heart surgery, the number of adult patients with congenital heart defect is increasing. The question is: what kind of problems can be managed in this patient-group? The authors review the different problems of management of congenital heart defects in adults based on national and international literature data. Simple defects recognised in adults, postoperative residual problems, changing of small grafts and valves, correction of primary or operated coarctation aortae can be usually managed without problems. A very close follow-up is necessary to establish the correct period for heart transplantation in patients with transposition of great arteries with Senning/Mustard operation, and univentricular heart corrected with “Fontan-circulation” type surgical procedure. The authors conclude that although the number of patients increases, only a few congenital heart diseases may cause problems. It seems important (1) to monitor asymptomatic patient who underwent operation (Fallot-IV, Ross procedure, etc.), (2) follow up regularly patients who underwent Senning/Mustard procedure (magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiography, brain natriuretic peptide measurement), (3) define the proper period of preparation for heart transplantation of patients with a univentricular heart, with special attention to the possibility of multiorgan (lung, liver, etc.) failure. Due to the improvement of foetal diagnosis of congenital heart defects, the number of patients with complex congenital heart defects is decreasing. The standard management of these patients could be primary heart transplantation in infancy. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(3), 92–97.
Restructuring the healthcare system: redesigning based on needs
Authors: Szentes Tamás , Vályi-Nagy István
Published: January 2015

The main task of a healthcare system is the provision of the healthcare services demanded by the population. These needs are mostly defined by the epidemiological status, which has been significantly changed during the last century. Due to development of medical science and technology, the main health problems in modern industrial societies are related to chronic diseases rather than infectious diseases occurring at the beginning of the 20th century. However, healthcare services provided by health institutions are still reflective, formed as reactions to current conditions, and they are hardly suited to requirements related to chronic diseases. This paper outlines international and national healthcare models and their shortcomings, and it traces novel paths of a future solution. The structure of the optimal model is suited to systematically produce the services which are needed by the population, decisively in the case of chronic, non communicable diseases. This can significantly relieve the expensive, technology-based reflective care system, nevertheless, it can provide efficient services in case of tertiary prevention. The configuration of this system is cheap, there is no need of significant infrastructure, but needs massive human resource, so that it can be rationally designed in parallel with the constriction of the reflective care system. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(3), 83–91.
DESALINATION OF CHITOOLOGOSACCAHARIDES USING GEL FILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION
Authors: Martosuyono Pujoyuwono , Pratitis Asri , Prasetya Alexander , Prabawati Elisabeth Kartika
Published: January 2015

Chitooligosaccharide (COS) , which is a derivative product from chitosan, has recently been used as a functional food because it has antimicrobial, antifungal, and antitumor properties. The salt content in chitooligosaccharide is one of the main problems in application as functional food or pharmaceutical medicine. The aim of this study was to remove salt from COS with two desalting techniques and determine the variation of COSs in the product. The desalting technique used were dialysis with 10kD Molecular Weight Cut Off (MWCO) and gel filtration chromatography HiPrep 26/10 desalting with G-25 Superfine Sephadex as stationary phase in the column. In order to detect the presence of COS, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method was used, followed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI–TOF–MS) to detect low concentration of COS. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of salt presence were identified using silver nitrate and Volhard method respectively. Ash content was measured using gravimetric method. Results showed those dialysis and gel filtration chromatographies were successfully remove the most of the salt from COS with efficiency of desalting up to 100%. However, the best desalting technique was gel filtration chromatography HiPrep 26/10 which has more complete COS with various degrees of polymerization present in the result.
Health promoting and sensory properties of phenolic compounds in food
Authors: Oliveira Lívia de Lacerda de , Carvalho Mariana Veras de , Melo Lauro
Published: January 2015

Phenolic compounds have been extensively studied in recent years. The presence of these compounds in various foods has been associated with sensory and health promoting properties. These products from the secondary metabolism of plants act as defense mechanisms against environmental stress and attack by other organisms. They are divided into different classes according to their chemical structures. The objective of this study was to describe the different classes of phenolic compounds, the main food sources and factors of variation, besides methods for the identification and quantification commonly used to analyze these compounds. Moreover, the role of phenolic compounds in scavenging oxidative stress and the techniques of in vitro antioxidant evaluation are discussed. In vivo studies to evaluate the biological effects of these compounds and their impact on chronic disease prevention are presented as well. Finally, it was discussed the role of these compounds on the sensory quality of foods.
Fisiologia de espécies florestais da Amazônia: fotossíntese, respiração e relações hídricas
Authors: Marenco Ricardo Antonio , Antezana-Vera Saul Alfredo , Gouvêa Paula Romenya dos Santos , Camargo Miguel Angelo Branco , Oliveira Marcilia Freitas de , Santos Joanne Kelly da Silva
Published: January 2015

A bacia amazônica tem mais de seis milhões de quilômetros quadrados e abriga a maior floresta tropical do mundo, sendo particularmente importante pela sua biodiversidade e pelo seu papel na ciclagem de água e carbono. Fotossíntese, condutância estomática e fluxo de seiva de espécies florestais da Amazônia apresentam variação ao longo do dia seguindo a variação diurna observada na irradiância, temperatura e o déficit de pressão de vapor. Em decorrência da fotorrespiração, cerca de 25% do carbono fixado é retornado para a atmosfera. Os aumentos na concentração de CO2 na atmosfera previstos para as próximas décadas poderão apresentar efeito positivo na assimilação de carbono deste ecossistema florestal. Em comparação à época chuvosa, redução da umidade do solo e aumento no déficit de pressão de vapor (associado à baixa umidade do ar e alta temperatura) favorecem o fechamento dos estômatos em detrimento da fotossíntese. Desse modo, em comparação com a estação chuvosa, a fotossíntese líquida é menor no período seco. No geral, na Amazônia as árvores que atingem o dossel da floresta crescem a taxas maiores na época chuvosa. Exceto em anos de menor precipitação, o ecossistema florestal atua como sumidouro de carbono na época chuvosa. Mais estudos são necessários para determinar como e de que forma fatores específicos do ambiente físico influenciam a assimilação de carbono e o crescimento de árvores nos diversos grupos funcionais na Amazônia.
Bioindicadores ambientais: insetos como um instrumento desta avaliação
Authors: Oliveira Marco Antonio de , Gomes Cliver Fernandes Farder , Pires Evaldo Martins , Marinho Cidália Gabriela Santos , Della Lucia Terezinha Maria Castro
Published: January 2015

Atividades agrícolas, florestais e do setor imobiliário vêm, ao longo do tempo, modificando ambientes ecologicamente estruturados. As consequências são drásticas e, por isso, faz-se necessária a busca por ferramentas e instrumentos para diagnosticar e monitorar a diversidade biológica desses locais. Os insetos têm-se destacado como potenciais organismos bioindicadores e isso se deve ao fato de apresentarem grande capacidade perceptiva, no que se refere a alterações do meio ambiente, principalmente por seu apurado sistema sensorial, que lhes permite qualificar condições ambientais em determinadas situações e, ainda, quantificar danos causados ao meio. Um dos problemas que podem ser associados a este setor é a falta de padronização e definição de protocolos de coleta e avaliação da biodiversidade, para que esses resultados possam ser analisados e extrapolados para diferentes ambientes antropizados. Neste trabalho, é contextualizada a importância da entomofauna como bioindicadora, em ecossistemas.
Nutrição mineral do cafeeiro e qualidade da bebida
Authors: Martinez Herminia Emilia Prieto , Clemente Júnia Maria , Lacerda José Soares de , Neves Yonara Poltronieri , Pedrosa Adriene Woods
Published: January 2015

Os nutrientes minerais interferem na qualidade final do café por duas vias, uma direta, por seu papel no metabolismo da planta e acúmulo de compostos químicos desejáveis, do ponto de vista do aroma e sabor do café, e, outra, indireta, por seu papel na produção de compostos que desfavorecem o desenvolvimento microbiano nos grãos. Neste trabalho, procurou-se destacar as características químicas dos grãos associadas à qualidade da bebida e suas possíveis interações com os macro e micronutrientes, bem como relatar os resultados de pesquisa que relacionam nutrição mineral, qualidade da bebida e produção de compostos a ela associados.
Ácidos húmicos
Authors: Baldotto Marihus Altoé , Baldotto Lílian Estrela Borges
Published: January 2015

Qual é a estrutura molecular das substâncias húmicas? Ainda não foi possível encontrar a resposta. Há muita controvérsia e pouco consenso sobre as estruturas dessas substâncias. Destacam-se dois pontos principais: o acúmulo de informações e os desafios metodológicos. Esta revisão objetivou reunir informações sobre a natureza dos ácidos húmicos e suas funções nos ecossistemas naturais e agrários, visando ao manejo e à conservação, bem como às oportunidades tecnológicas para o desenvolvimento de novos insumos para a agricultura tropical.
The effects of different TENS frequencies applied to LU7 acupoint on cold-induced pain test
Authors: Melo Andressa Lais Salvador de , Gomes Erika Liliana Cruz , Ximenes Vanessa Oliveira , Montenegro Eduardo José Nepomuceno
Published: January 2015

Introduction Pain represents a frequent phenomenon among the general population with great socio-economic impact. TENS is one of the most common forms of electroanalgesia. However, totally effective stimulation parameters remain uncertain. Thus, this study aims to assess the effects of 4 Hz, 10 Hz and 100 Hz TENS applied to the LU7 (Lieque) acupoint on cold-induced pain in young healthy subjects. Methods 100 volunteers, divided into five groups (three TENS groups, one electrode group and one placebo group), completed six experimental cycles. Each cycle comprised three phases: pretreatment, treatment and post-treatment. In each cycle, pain was induced by immersion of the hand into ice water and the pain threshold latency was measured. For the analysis of results, we used the one-way ANOVA test, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test. The level of significance was p < 0.05. Results The 4 Hz TENS group the pain showed elevation of the pain threshold during the treatment phase, when compared to pretreatment (p < 0.05). This elevation was maintained in the post-treatment phase. The other groups showed no changes in the pain threshold. Conclusion 4 Hz TENS applied with 1x1 cm electrodes to LU7 acupoint increases hypothermia-induced pain threshold latency in young healthy subjects.
Correlation between functional capacity and health-related quality of life in COPD: a case series
Authors: Cancelliero-Gaiad Karina Maria , Ike Daniela , Soave Liliana , Gomes Evelim Leal de Freitas Dantas , Dias Fernanda Dultra , Costa Dirceu
Published: January 2015

Objective To correlate functional capacity test scores from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjects with their functional state as assessed by health-related quality of life questionnaires (one respiratory disease-specific [SGRQ] and one generic [SF-36] questionnaire). Materials and methods Study of a case series of 8 COPD patients. The following tests were performed: 1) Six-minute walk test (6-MWT); 2) Shuttle walking test (SWT); 3) Six-minute step test (6-MST); 4) Two-minute sit-to-stand test (STST); and 5) Pegboard and ring test (PBRT). Besides these tests, two health-related quality of life questionnaires were administered: The St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) health survey questionnaire. The statistical analysis was carried out by using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, while correlations were assessed using Pearson's (parametric data) or Spearman's (non-parametric data) rank tests, with p < 0.05. Results The 6-MWT showed strong correlation with the SF-36 scales of physical functioning, general health, vitality, social functioning and mental health. Conversely, the other functional capacity tests showed no correlation with this questionnaire. The SGRQ showed no correlation with any of the tests. Conclusions The 6-MWT may be a good test to reflect the health-related quality of life of COPD subjects.
Impact of dry needling and ischemic pressure in the myofascial syndrome: controlled clinical trial
Authors: Santos Rebeka Borba da Costa , Carneiro Maíra Izzadora Souza , Oliveira Déborah Marques de , Maciel Adriana Baltar do Rêgo , Monte-Silva Kátia Karina do , Araújo Maria das Graças Rodrigues
Published: January 2015

Introduction Musculoskeletal pain is a common clinical condition and about 10% of the population have musculoskeletal disorder. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ischemic pressure and dry needling techniques are able to reduce the pain of patients with myofascial pain syndrome. Method 22 patients aged 20-75 years were randomized into 3 groups: ischemic pressure (IPG = 8), dry needling (DNG = 7) and control (CG = 7). Patients in the IPG and DNG were assessed before and after 10 intervention sessions, which occurred 3 times per week. The CG was assessed initially and reassessed three weeks later. The assessment of pain was done through Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) and quality of life through WHOQOL-BREF (5 domains: global, physical, psychological, social and environmental). Results There was no significant difference for clinical and demographic data of all groups at baseline, except for age (p = 0.042). The results of the VAS expressed that IPG had pain relief in most sessions, the same was not observed for DNG. Comparing the 2 groups was obtained difference in the 4th and 8th sessions. The results of the WHOQOL-BREF showed that the three groups had a significant increase in the psychological domain. The same was not true for global domains, physical, environmental and social. Conclusion Ischemic pressure and dry needling were able to reduce the pain of patients and also change their quality of life, specifically the psychological aspect.
Influence of aquatic exercise training on balance in young adults
Authors: Mann Luana , Kleinpaul Julio Francisco , Mota Carlos Bolli , Santos Saray Giovana dos
Published: January 2015

Introduction Physical exercise programs have been suggested to soften or reverse balance deficits and postural deviation. Objective This study investigated the influence of a systematic aquatic exercise program on body balance. Method Healthy young adult volunteers of both genders, aged 18–30 years were assessed. The experimental group (EG, n = 20) was subjected to 24 sessions of aquatic exercises of 50 minutes long, performed three times a week, and the control group (CG, n = 25) suffered no intervention. A 3-D force platform was used to calculate the center of pressure displacement (COP) in anteroposterior and mid-lateral directions with or without visual information. The individuals were assessed in pre or post-training. Results The results demonstrated a decrease in body oscillation in both visual conditions, with post-training values lower than pre-training ones. Visual information was not expressive for EG post-training. Conclusion It was concluded that the program was effective for body balance improvement.
Assessment and comparison of the effects of two techniques on hamstring flexibility
Authors: Navega Marcelo Tavella , Paleari Bruna , Morcelli Mary Hellen
Published: January 2015

Introduction There are several stretching techniques that help increase flexibility, however, there are still questions regarding which method leads to the most effective gains. Objectives To assess and compare the effects of two stretching techniques, namely proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and static stretching on the flexibility of hamstring muscles of young women. Methods The study sample consisted of 45 young women, mean age 20.45 (± 1.66),assigned to one of three groups: static stretching group (SSG, n = 15), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation group (PNFG, n = 15) and control group (CG, n = 15). Both SSG and PNFG carried out three weekly stretching sessions over a four-week period. The sit and reach and popliteal angle tests were used at the beginning and end of the intervention. Normally distributed data were analyzed using Student’s t-test, whereas data with non-normal distribution were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, to compare initial and end measurements for each technique. Finally, we used the Mann-Whitney U test to compare both techniques with each other. A significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) was adopted. Results There was a significant increase in hamstring flexibility when analyzing the assessments and reassessments of both stretching protocols. Conclusions Both techniques were effective in increasing hamstring flexibility and there were no significant differences to indicate which one is better in increasing the flexibility of this muscle group.
Influence of body weight unloading and support surface during walking of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Celestino Melissa Leandro , Gama Gabriela Lopes , Longuinho Gabryella Santos Cordeiro , Fugita Meico , Barela Ana Maria Forti
Published: January 2015

Introduction Partial body weight support (BWS) systems have been employed for gait training of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Therefore, it would be important to analyze if the type of walking surface and the amount of body weight unloading over lower limbs change the way these children walk. Objectives Investigate the influence of walking surface and amount of body weight unloading on the spatial temporal characteristics during walking of children with CP. Materials and methods Seven children with spastic CP between four and eight years old and GMFCS (Gross Motor Function Classification System) between I and IV, were videotaped walking with 0%, 15% and 30% of BWS on both dynamic (treadmill) and static (ground level) surfaces. Walking spatial temporal variables were calculated. Results Children walked with similar velocity in all experimental conditions. While stance duration decreased as the percentage of BWS increased, no differences were found for stance and swing periods and cadence. Children walked with longer steps and strides and with faster strides on static surface compared to dynamic surface. Conclusion Children with CP presenting different levels of motor impairment presented some alterations in the spatial temporal walking parameters as they walked with body unloading. However, such alterations might be due mainly to the type of walking surface than the percentage of body weight unloading on lower limbs.
Effect of the inclination of support in cervical and upper limb development
Authors: Heck Ailime Perito Feiber , Martinello Micheli , Medeiros Daiane Lazzeri de , Coelho Jerusa Jordão , Ries Lilian Gerdi Kittel
Published: January 2015

Introduction It is expected that a child will acquire control of posture (CP) of the head and upper limbs in a gradual, sequential and organized way. However, there is still no consensus regarding the best position to achieve this; the evidence suggests that it is prone. Objective To investigate whether age and inclination of the supporting surface in the prone position influence the alignment of the head and upper limbs of children with typical motor development (TMD) and atypical motor development (AMD). Methods The study included 29 children aged between one and three months divided according to the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) into groups with TMD (n = 18) and AMD (n = 11). The children were placed in the prone position with three angles of the support surface (0°, 25° and 45°). Kinematic analysis was conducted to evaluate the alignment angles of the head and upper limbs. Results Children with TMD had higher head alignment. There was no difference in the upper limbs’ alignment between the group with TMD and the group with AMD. In the third month of age compared with the first, increased head alignment and decreased upper limb alignment were found in both groups. The inclination of the supporting surface did not influence the alignment of the head and upper limbs. Conclusions Among the positions evaluated, the prone position without inclination of the supporting surface was more appropriate for weight discharge in the upper limbs, favoring the development of postural control of the child.
Thermographic and histological analysis of rabbit different tenorrhaphies techniques (4 and 6 strands) after early active mobilization
Authors: Arenhart Rodrigo , Severo Antônio Lourenço , Maia Philipe Eduardo Carvalho , Silveira Daniela Augustin , Lopez Rodrigo Roca , Bocaccio Darian
Published: January 2015

Introduction This research is based on the results of the surgeries of tenorraphy, which have been improved due to the association between strong and not voluminous sutures and physiotherapic protocols, which preconize the early active motion to the postoperative period. Objective To evaluate the healing process in vivo in different types of tenorraphies. Methods Thirty-six rabbits that underwent early active motion after tenorraphy. The sample was constituted of 3 groups of 12, in accordance with the 3 different types of suture (Brasil, Indiana and Tsai). Results On the 15th and 30th days after the surgery, thermographic and histological analyses revealed similar results that all groups showed similar behaviors in the same time of surgical repair, just differentiating between the periods. On the 30th day analysis were observed that collagen fibers being more exuberant thickening, thus being able to offer higher tensile strength to the tendon. Conclusion That suggests early active motion may be increased gradually to around the 30th day taking this as clinical relevance.
Fatores associados à melhora da composição corporal em indivíduos com DPOC após treinamento físico
Authors: Landal Alana Caroline , Monteiro Fabiane , Hevely B. C. dos Santos , Kanesawa Laryssa M. , Hernandes Nidia , Pitta Fábio
Published: January 2015

Introdução A redução da massa magra corpórea (MMC) é um fator independente de mortalidade em pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) e a literatura mostra que exercícios físicos aumentam a MMC. Objetivo Identificar fatores associados à melhora da composição corporal em indivíduos com DPOC após treinamento físico de alta intensidade. Métodos 37 pacientes com DPOC (19 H; 66 ± 7 anos; IMC = 27 ± 6 kg/m2; VEF1 = 38 ± 16 %pred) foram avaliados segundo sua composição corporal, função pulmonar, força muscular respiratória e periférica, capacidade funcional de exercício (teste de caminhada dos seis minutos, TC6M), nível de atividade física diária (DynaPort®), sensação subjetiva de dispneia (escala Medical Research Council) e qualidade de vida (Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire). O treinamento conteve exercícios de endurance e força muscular (3 vezes por semana por três meses). Após três meses, os pacientes foram reavaliados. Aqueles que apresentaram incremento de MMC incorporaram à estatística. Resultados No pré-treinamento, a MMC se correlacionou significativamente (p ≤ 0,05) com gasto energético total (r = 0,57), TC6M em %predito (r = 0,46), pressão expiratória máxima (PEmax) (r = 0,57), volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo em %predito (r = 0,47), força muscular de quadríceps femoral (r = 0,54), bíceps (r = 0,62) e tríceps braquial (r = 0,63). Contudo, o incremento da MMC após treinamento correlacionou-se significativamente somente com a melhora das escalas MRC (r = 0,4; p = 0,05) e PEmax (r = 0,35; p = 0,04). Conclusão Apesar de a MMC de pacientes com DPOC estar relacionada com a capacidade funcional de exercício, força muscular respiratória e periférica, obstrução pulmonar e gasto energético no pré-tratamento, a melhora da composição corporal está relacionada somente ao incremento da força muscular expiratória e sensação de dispneia após treinamento físico de alta intensidade.