bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELECTRONIC EDUCATIONAL COURSES IN PHYSICS IN THE SYSTEM OF PRE-HIGH PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
Authors: Semakova T. O. , Podozyorova A. V.
Published: April 2021

The article defines the essence of the concept of “electronic educational course”, defines its characteristics and qualities, reveals the requirements for its creation and application in institutions of professional pre-high education in Ukraine. The essence of the electronic educational course concept as a didactic computer environment containing is systematized material on the relevant discipline, united by a single software shell. The description of such a course is revealed from two positions: as a structured educational material and as a computer program. The functional subsystems of the electronic educational course are characterized. They are information and navigation, informative and diagnostic. The stages of development and implementation of the electronic educational course in educational institutions are disclosed. The functional capabilities of educational resources management systems, where the electronic educational course can be located, are shown. The authors describe the peculiarities of the process of the electronic educational course creating and introducing in institutions of professional pre-high education, which are determined by peculiarities of the educational process, and are shown in the semantic content and methods of using the electronic course. The requirements for the creation of electronic educational course, which provides opportunities for students’ skills development of the self-educational activity, are considered. One of the principles, which is worth using in the development of the electronic educational course intended for the study of educational physics in institutions of professional pre-high education. The structural composition of mentioned the electronic educational course is described and some recommendations for its application in the study of physics are given.
Modelling the residual mean meridional circulation at different stages of sudden stratospheric warming events
Authors: Koval Andrey V. , Chen Wen , Didenko Ksenia A. , Ermakova Tatiana S. , Gavrilov Nikolai M. , Pogoreltsev Alexander I. , Toptunova Olga N. , Wei Ke , Yarusova Anna N. , Zarubin Anton S.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Ensemble simulation of the atmospheric general
circulation at altitudes up to the lower thermosphere is performed using the
3-D nonlinear mechanistic numerical model MUAM. The residual mean meridional
circulation (RMC), which is the superposition of the mean Eulerian and
wave-induced eddy components, is calculated for the boreal winter. Changes
in the vertical and meridional RMC velocity components are analysed at
different stages of a simulated composite sudden stratospheric warming (SSW)
event averaged over 19 model runs. The simulation results show a general
decrease in RMC velocity components up to 30 % during and after SSW in the
mesosphere and lower thermosphere of the Northern Hemisphere. There are also
increases in the downward and northward velocities at altitudes of 20–50 km at
the northern polar latitudes during SSW. Associated vertical transport and
adiabatic heating can contribute to warming the stratosphere and downward
shifting of the stratopause during the composite SSW. The residual mean and
eddy mass fluxes are calculated for different SSW stages. It is shown that
before the SSW, planetary wave activity creates wave-induced eddy
circulation cells in the northern upper stratosphere, which are directed
upwards at middle latitudes, northward at high latitudes and downwards near
the North Pole. These cells increase heat transport and adiabatic heating in
the polar region. During SSW, the region of upward eddy vertical velocity is
shifted to high latitudes, but the velocity is still downward near the North
Pole. After SSW, upward eddy-induced fluxes span the entire polar region,
producing upward transport and adiabatic cooling of the stratosphere and
providing the return of the stratopause to higher altitudes. The obtained
statistically significant results on the evolution of RMC and eddy
circulation at different SSW stages at altitudes up to the lower
thermosphere can be useful for a better understanding the mechanisms of planetary
wave impacts on the mean flow and for the diagnostics of the transport of
conservative tracers in the atmosphere.
Snapshots of mean ocean temperature over the last 700 000 years using noble gases in the EPICA Dome C ice core
Authors: Haeberli Marcel , Baggenstos Daniel , Schmitt Jochen , Grimmer Markus , Michel Adrien , Kellerhals Thomas , Fischer Hubertus
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Together with the latent heat stored in glacial ice sheets, the ocean heat uptake carries the lion's share of glacial–interglacial changes in the planetary heat content, but little direct information on the global mean ocean temperature (MOT) is available to constrain the ocean temperature response to glacial–interglacial climate perturbations. Using ratios of noble gases and molecular nitrogen trapped in the Antarctic EPICA Dome C ice core, we are able to reconstruct MOT for peak glacial and interglacial conditions during the last 700 000 years and explore the differences between these extrema. To this end, we have to correct the noble gas ratios for gas transport effects in the firn column and gas loss fractionation processes of the samples after ice core retrieval using the full elemental matrix of N2, Ar, Kr, and Xe in the ice and their individual isotopic ratios. The reconstructed MOT in peak glacials is consistently about 3.3 ± 0.4 ∘C cooler compared to the Holocene. Lukewarm interglacials before the Mid-Brunhes Event 450 kyr ago are characterized by 1.6 ± 0.4 ∘C lower MOT than the Holocene; thus, glacial–interglacial amplitudes were only about 50 % of those after the Mid-Brunhes Event, in line with the reduced radiative forcing by lower greenhouse gas concentrations and their Earth system feedbacks. Moreover, we find significantly increased MOTs at the onset of Marine Isotope Stage 5.5 and 9.3, which are coeval with CO2 and CH4 overshoots at that time. We link these CO2 and CH4 overshoots to a resumption of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which is also the starting point of the release of heat previously accumulated in the ocean during times of reduced overturning.
User-oriented hydrological indices for early warning systems with validation using post-event surveys: flood case studies in the Central Apennine District
Authors: Lombardi Annalina , Colaiuda Valentina , Verdecchia Marco , Tomassetti Barbara
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Floods and flash floods are complex events, depending on
weather dynamics, basin physiographical characteristics, land use cover and
water management. For this reason, the prediction of such events usually deals
with very accurate model tuning and validation, which is usually
site-specific and based on climatological data, such as discharge time
series or flood databases. In this work, we developed and tested two
hydrological-stress indices for flood detection in the Italian Central
Apennine District: a heterogeneous geographical area, characterized by
complex topography and medium-to-small catchment extension. The proposed indices
are threshold-based and developed considering operational requirements of
National Civil Protection Department end-users. They are calibrated and tested through the
application of signal theory, in order to overcome data scarcity over
ungauged areas, as well as incomplete discharge time series. The validation
has been carried out on a case study basis, using flood reports from various
sources of information, as well as hydrometric-level time series, which
represent the actual hydrological quantity monitored by Civil Protection
operators. Obtained results show that the overall accuracy of flood
prediction is greater than 0.8, with false alarm rates below 0.5 and
the probability of detection ranging from 0.51 to 0.80. Moreover, the different
nature of the proposed indices suggests their application in a complementary
way, as the index based on drained precipitation appears to be more sensitive
to rapid flood propagation in small tributaries, while the discharge-based
index is particularly responsive to main-channel dynamics.
Hysteresis in soil hydraulic conductivity as driven by salinity and sodicity – a modeling framework
Authors: Kramer Isaac , Bayer Yuval , Adeyemo Taiwo , Mau Yair
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Declining soil-saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) as a result of saline and sodic irrigation water is a major cause of soil degradation. While it is understood that the mechanisms that lead to degradation can cause irreversible changes in Ks, existing models do not account for hysteresis between the degradation and rehabilitation processes. We develop the first model for the effect of saline and sodic water on Ks that explicitly includes hysteresis. As such, the idea that a soil's history of degradation and rehabilitation determines its future Ks lies at the center of this model. By means of a “weight” function, the model accounts for soil-specific differences, such as clay content. The weight function also determines the form of the hysteresis curves, which are not restricted to a single shape, as in some existing models for irreversible soil processes. The concept of the weight function is used to develop a reversibility index, which allows for the quantitative comparison of different soils and their susceptibility to irreversible degradation. We discuss the experimental setup required to find a soil's weight function and show how the weight function determines the degree to which Ks is reversible for a given soil. We demonstrate the feasibility of this procedure by presenting experimental results showcasing the presence of hysteresis in soil Ks and using these results to calculate a weight function. Past experiments and models on the decline of Ks due to salinity and sodicity focus on degradation alone, ignoring any characterization of the degree to which declines in Ks are reversible. Our model and experimental results emphasize the need to measure “reversal curves”, which are obtained from rehabilitation measurements following mild declines in Ks. The developed model has the potential to significantly improve our ability to assess the risk of soil degradation by allowing for the consideration of how the accumulation of small degradation events can cause significant land degradation.
Spatially and temporally resolved ice loss in High Mountain Asia and the Gulf of Alaska observed by CryoSat-2 swath altimetry between 2010 and 2019
Authors: Jakob Livia , Gourmelen Noel , Ewart Martin , Plummer Stephen
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Glaciers are currently the largest contributor to sea
level rise after ocean thermal expansion, contributing ∼ 30 % to the sea level budget. Global monitoring of these regions remains a
challenging task since global estimates rely on a variety of observations
and models to achieve the required spatial and temporal coverage, and
significant differences remain between current estimates. Here we report the first application of a novel approach to retrieve spatially resolved
elevation and mass change from radar altimetry over entire mountain glaciers areas. We apply interferometric swath altimetry to CryoSat-2 data acquired
between 2010 and 2019 over High Mountain Asia (HMA) and in the Gulf of
Alaska (GoA). In addition, we exploit CryoSat's monthly temporal repeat to
reveal seasonal and multiannual variation in rates of glaciers' thinning at
unprecedented spatial detail. We find that during this period, HMA and GoA
have lost an average of −28.0 ± 3.0 Gt yr−1 (−0.29 ± 0.03 m w.e. yr−1) and −76.3 ± 5.7 Gt yr−1 (−0.89 ± 0.07 m w.e. yr−1), respectively, corresponding to a contribution to sea level rise of 0.078 ± 0.008 mm yr−1 (0.051 ± 0.006 mm yr−1 from exorheic basins) and 0.211 ± 0.016 mm yr−1. The cumulative loss during the 9-year period is equivalent to 4.2 % and 4.3 % of the ice volume, respectively, for HMA and GoA. Glacier thinning is ubiquitous except for in the Karakoram–Kunlun region, which experiences stable or slightly
positive mass balance. In the GoA region, the intensity of thinning varies
spatially and temporally, with acceleration of mass loss from −0.06 ± 0.33 to −1.1 ± 0.06 m yr−1 from 2013, which
correlates with the strength of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. In HMA ice
loss is sustained until 2015–2016, with a slight decrease in mass loss from
2016, with some evidence of mass gain locally from 2016–2017 onwards.
Dependence of Aerosol Particle Concentration in Surface Air over the Moscow Region on Wind Speed and Lapse Rate
Authors:   Central Aerological Observatory, Stulov E. A. , Sosnikova E. V. ,   Central Aerological Observatory, Monakhova N. A. ,   Central Aerological Observatory
Published: April 2021

Based on the daily measurements of atmospheric aerosol characteristics in the city of Dolgoprudny (20 km from the center of Moscow) carried out during 2013-2018, the influence of some meteorological factors on the concentration of various aerosol fractions in the surface layer of the atmosphere is analyzed. It is that the aerosol concentration depends most on the wind speed and the vertical temperature gradient. The method of simple estimation of aerosol particles accumulation conditions in the surface layer based on the use of standard radiosonde data is developed.
Orographic Turbulence Forecasting from Numerical Model Output Data
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, Shakina N. P. , Skriptunova E. N. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, Zav’yalova A. A. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

A method to forecast orographic turbulence based on the COSMO-Ru7 numerical model output data is presented. The calculation algorithm represents the critical amplitude approach for gravity waves and allows identifying zones of mountain wave breaking that generate turbulence. Its intensity is estimated through the wave drag value. The calculation was based on the model data for the territory of European Russia for April–September in 2019. Its results obtained from forecast data are in good agreement with those from initial model data for the forecast time. The turbulent zones are more intense at night than in the daytime and are situated over obstacles (for example, over the Crimean and Ural mountains) and on their lee slopes, in accordance with the physics of the phenomenon
Impact of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Equatorial and North Pacific on the Arctic Stratosphere According to INMCM5 Climate Model Simulations
Authors:   Central Aerological Observatory, Vargin P. N. , Kolennikova M. A. ,   Moscow State University, Kostrykin S. V. ,   Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Volodin E. M. ,   Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

Five 50-year simulations with version 5 of the INM RAS coupled climate model revealed that the winters with El Nio are characterized by higher Arctic stratospheric temperature as compared to the seasons with La Nia. Lower stratospheric temperature in the Arctic regions as compared to the seasons with negative sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies corresponds to the winter seasons with positive SST anomalies in the North Pacific.
Monitoring the Variability of the Stratospheric Aerosol Layer over Tomsk in 2016–2018 Based on Lidar Data
Authors:   Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Marichev V. N. , Bochkovskiia D. A. ,   Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

The results of observations of the features of intraannual variability for the vertical structure of background aerosol in the stratosphere over Western Siberia in 2016–2018 are presented and analyzed. Experimental data were obtained at the lidar complex of Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics (Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) with a receiving mirror diameter of 1 m. The objective of the study is to investigate the dynamics of background stratospheric aerosol, since during this period there were no volcanic eruptions leading to the transport of eruptive aerosol into the stratosphere. The results of the study confirm a stable intraannual cycle of maximum aerosol filling of the stratosphere in winter, a decrease in spring to the minimum, practical absence in summer, and an increase in autumn. At the same time, the variability of stratification and aerosol filling is observed for different years. It was found that aerosol is concentrated in the layer up to 30 km all year round, except for the winter period. It is shown that the vertical aerosol stratification is largely determined by the thermal regime of the tropo- sphere–stratosphere boundary layer. The absence of a pronounced temperature inversion at the tropopause contributes to an increase in the stratosphere–troposphere exchange and, as a result, to the aerosol transport to the stratosphere. This situation is typical of the cold season. For the first time, data on the quantitative content of stratospheric aerosol (its mass concentration) were obtained from single- frequency lidar data.
Spatial Distribution of Snow Storage and Snowmelt Dynamics in Central Yenisei Siberia
Authors:   Institute of Forest named after V.N.Sukacheva of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Danilova I. V. , Onuchin A. A. ,   Institute of Forest named after V.N.Sukacheva of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center"
Published: April 2021

In this paper the spatial distribution of water reserves in the snow cover and the dynamics of snow cover melting due to the peculiarity of the thermal regime were analyzed for the central part of Yenisei Siberia. To create digital maps of water reserves in the snow cover, regression models were developed. The geographic coordinates, elevation above sea level and the distance from the orographic boundaries were used as independent variables in regression models. Based on the created maps, the dynamics of snow cover melting was obtained in the study area, taking into account the thermal regime at a key weather station.
Tornadoes in the Russian Regions
Authors:   Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernokulsky A. V. , Kurgansky M. V. ,   Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mokhov I. I. ,   Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shikhov A. N. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, Azhigov I. O. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, Selezneva E. V. ,   Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zakharchenko D. I. ,   Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, Antonescu B. ,   European Severe Storms Laaboratory, Germany,   ational Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE2000, Romania, Kuhne T. ,   ational Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE2000, Romania
Published: April 2021

New data are presented on tornadoes over land in Russia for the period of 1900–2018 based on various sources. In total, information on 1763 tornadoes was collected, including 993 tornadoes from eyewitness reports on tornado passage and/or associated impacts and 770 tornadoes from satellite data on tornado-induced windthrows. Both single tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, the cases of formation of several tornadoes within one meso- or synoptic-scale system, were reported. On average for 2009– 2018, more than 100 tornadoes are observed in Russia per year, including 15 significant tornadoes (with a wind speed >50 m/s) and one intense tornado (with a wind speed >70 m/s). In some years, these rates can be significantly higher and reach 342, 52, and three tornadoes per year, respectively. Tornadoes are observed on about 41 days per year, up to 68 days per annum in some years. The frequency of occurrence of tornadoes of different categories and the probability of their passage over a point on the ground were estimated. These estimates can be further used to assess a risk of tornado-hazardous situations. The general underestimation of the number of tornadic events in routine meteorological observations and existent statistics is discussed.
Environments of Formation of Severe Squalls and Tornadoes Causing Large-scale Windthrows in the Forest Zone of European Russia and the Ural
Authors:   Perm State University, Kalinin N. A. , Shikhov A. N. ,   Perm State University, Chernokulsky A. V. ,   Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences,, Kostarev S. V. ,   Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Earth Sciences, Bykov A. V. ,   Perm State University
Published: April 2021

The environments of 53 severe squalls and tornadoes that caused large-scale windthrows in the forest zone of European Russia and the Ural in 1989–2019 are analyzed. The CFSR and ERA-5 reanalyses and sounding data were used to estimate characteristics of the environments including convective instability indices. It was found that the substantial temperature gradient on the atmospheric front (9.6C/500 km on average) and the jet stream presence in the lower or middle troposphere oriented along the frontal zone are important factors to estimate environments of the formation of severe squalls and tornadoes. In most cases, squalls and tornadoes require a combination of high precipitable water content (40 mm on average), moderate or high convective instability (CAPE >1000 J/kg), and moderate or strong wind shear. High precipitable water content and strong convective instability are important for the formation of squalls, while low-level wind shear plays a principal role for the tornado generation.
Regional Features of Interannual Variations in Water Temperature in the Subarctic Pacific
Authors:   Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov I. D. , Dmitrieva E. V. ,   Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

Based on the NOAA climate datasets, trends, regional features, and possible causal relationships of interannual variations in water temperature on the surface (SST) and in the upper 750-meter layer of the subarctic Pacific with variations in the fields of air temperature, air pressure, wind, and climate indices over the past four decades are identified. The results revealed a degree of heterogeneity of the study region response to the ongoing global climate change, identified isolated areas, and quantified the warming rate in these areas. It is shown that in the west of the region, the SST trends are much higher than in the east, and in the warm season, they are about twice higher than in the cold season. Changes in water temperature and heat content anomalies in the water column of different regions are extremely uneven. The phases of alternating warm and cold periods are consistent with trends in the characteristics of the atmospheric centers of action, climate indices, and different climatic parameters.
Correction to Doyle et al. (2021)
Authors: Creagh Tracy
Published: April 2021

In the article The Importance of Incorporating Lived Experience in Efforts to Reduce Australian Reincarceration Rates by Caroline Doyle, Karen Gardner and Karen Wells (The International Journal of Crime, Justice and Social Democracy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.1666) published on February 17, 2021, some text in the literature review was unintentionally missing attribution. This corrected version of the article can be found at https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.1942
The Study Deformation Of Bore Pile Foundation Caused by Horizontal Load In Soft Clay
Authors: Jehlaeh Fadel , Darjanto Helmy , Sutowijoyo Hendro
Published: April 2021

A sturdy of building must be contain with a strong foundation, which is able to withstand the burden on it;  channel the load into the ground and be able to withstand external forces such as earthquakes. In this study discussed the deformation of the bore pile foundation due to horizontal load on the soil slope by using the Lpile application.The  aim is to know the displacement of foundation motion due to horizontal loads using the Lpile application, Lateral bearing capacity analysis which is important aspect in the design of the foundation to anticipate the failure of the pile foundation. One method is the p-y curve, It is a development of the Beam method in the Winkler Foundation.
Protective effect of melatonin on the rat lung following exposure to 900-MHz electromagnetic field: a stereological and histopathological study
Authors: Yahyazadeh Ahmad , Kıvrak Elfide Gizem , Koç Gülüna Erdem
Published: April 2021

Long-term use of cell phone emitting electromagnetic field (EMF) has increased concerns regarding histopathological change in vital organs. Our present study was aimed to investigate the effect of 900 megahertz (MHz) EMF on the rat lungs, as well as the possible efficacy of melatonin (MEL) on lung tissues. Fifteen female Wistar albino rats were randomly selected and assigned into five groups as follow: control (CONT), SHAM, EMF, melatonin (MEL) and EMF+MEL group. Subsequently, female rats were then mated, and pregnant rats underwent the experimental application for 21 days. After parturition, 6 pups (2 pups from each mother) were randomly chosen and maintained for 4 weeks. At the end of the 4th week, the lung tissues of all groups were used for the stereological analysis and histopathological examination. We found that the mean volumes of the alveoli, bronchioles and blood vessels were significantly lower in the EMF group compared to the control group (p<0.05). In the EMF+MEL group, the mean volumes of the alveoli, bronchioles and blood vessels were significantly increased compared to the EMF group. Our histopathological results showed marked change in the lung tissues. We speculated that exposure to EMF caused the damage to the rat lung tissues, and that MEL administration alleviated 900 MHz EMF-induced complications.
A comparative analysis of world health systems and Covid-19
Authors: İKİNCİ KELEŞ Ayşe , KELEŞ Gökhan
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes severe airway problems, first emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan. The virus led to a pandemic that affected the entire world. COVID-19 affects not only health, but also economic and social life. The emergence of this pandemic has led to health systems across the world being questioned. The aim of this study was to assess the adequacy of world health systems in the face of this pandemic. Twelve countries were selected and analyzed in the study. The choice of these countries was determined by the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Information concerning health systems and COVID-19 was obtained from Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 2018, World Health Organization 2020 and Deep Knowledge Group data and was subjected to statistical analysis. According to the analysis, the country with the highest investment in health expenditures is the United States (10586 US dollars/capita), and Germany stands out as the best in health services. Another finding is the first and second wave of COVID-19 was identified as the USA with the highest case and death rate (First wave cases 1.942.363 and deaths 110.514; second wave cases at 7.419.230 and deaths 2.09.450). As a result of the meta-analysis, it is revealed that only socio-economic power is not enough, countries with good health systems are more successful in the pandemic. In addition, the analysis once again reveal how important health systems are in the face of such a pandemic.
The effect of lowering school entry age on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Yusuf Yasin , YÜRÜMEZ Esra
Published: April 2021

The school entry age was changed from 72 to 66 months in 2012 with a new education system adjustment in Turkey. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of lowering school entry age on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis and symptom severity. The records of children at first and second grade diagnosed with ADHD according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria in the Child Psychiatry outpatient clinic between January and July 2010 (when the old system was in use) and between January-July 2013 (when the new system was in use) were retrospectively screened to create the old-system and new system groups. Among the two groups, T-DSM-IV-S fulfilled by parents and teachers were used to assess symptom severity. The frequency of ADHD and ADHD predominantly inattentive subtype diagnosis we found to be significantly higher among the girls in the new system compared to old system (25.8%, 8.9%, p=0.027 - 56.3%, 0%, p=0.012). Additionally, mother’s subscale scores of T-DSM-IV-S were lower among the children in the new system compared to the ones in the old system. By lowering school entry age due to the new education system, frequency of ADHD diagnosis increased while symptom severity rates decreased among the first-grade girls. Thus, it may be suggested that despite decreased symptom severity, the girls who started school with the new system were diagnosed with ADHD more frequently due to a marked disruption in academic, social, and behavioral functionality associated with insufficient neurodevelopmental maturity.
Evaluation of serum levels of copper and selenium in Helicobacter pylori positive and negative gastritis patients
Authors: OMRAN Vahid Hamidi , RANAEI Mohammed , NEAMATI Nahid , SHIRVANI Javad Shokri , TILAKI Karimolah Hajian , MOSAPOUR Abbas , YAMCHI Mehdi Soltanzadeh , TOURANI Mehdi , PARSIAN Hadi
Published: April 2021

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection can result in various complications, included micronutrient variations, nutritional impairment, gastric tissue damages and oxidative stress. The present study aimed to evaluate serum variations of Cu and Se in H. pylori infected individuals. A prospective case-control study was performed on 69 participants with abdominal pains (40 patients with H. pylori gastritis versus 29 control group). Serum levels of Cu and Se were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Comparisons of elements between included groups were done using independent sample t-test. Subgroup analysis between male and female (with or without H. pylori) was performed using one way analysis of variance. Correlation between serum Cu and Se was assessed using Pearson’s correlation test. The p-value levels less than 0.05 were considered as significant. There were no significant differences in serum levels of Cu and Se between H. pylori positive and negative persons. In male with H. pylori, Se levels were 38.4% higher than control male (p-value=0.03). A positive and significant correlation was observed between serum Cu and Se levels (r = 0.51, P-value = 0.024). Although no statistic difference was observed in serum Cu and Se levels, the significant correlation between measured elements represents as good evidence for some discrepancies. Given the importance of well controlled micronutrients in whole body health, especially in high-risk H. pylori patients, more studies are needed to clarify the exact relation of these and other trace elements with H. pylori outcomes.
The success of laser ablation of fistula tract (laft) technique in anal fistula treatment: Early results of a tertiary center
Authors: TARIM İsmail Alper , DEREBEY Murat , AKGUN Can , MUTLU Vahit , ATALAY Fatih , KAMALI POLAT Ayfer
Published: April 2021

Laser Ablation of the Fistula Tract (LAFT) is a newly defined technique for anal fistula treatment. Our aim in this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the LAFT technique and to discuss the precise indications and limitations of the technique by sharing our own truths and mistakes over our early results. All patients with anal fistulas who were treated LAFT tecnique by same team from April 2019 until March 2020 at the our center, were evaluated in this study, retrospectively. While the patients who failed LAFT were included in the "Reccurrence after LAFT" group, the patients with successful LAFT were included in the "Healing" group. Differences between the groups were investigated. LAFT technique was applied to 19 patients in the specified period. Twelve (63%) of the cases were male and 7 (37%) were female, and the mean age was 45±14.5. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 13±3.4 months. Eleven cases had undergone surgery at least once with the diagnosis of anal fistula. Loose seton was applied in only 4 (25%) cases. It was observed that only 7 (37%) patients recovered with the LAFT technique (Table 1). LAFT was found to be more successful in patients who had never been operated before (p = 0.048, Table 2). In conclusion, LAFT technique is more successful in primary anal fistula cases and this technique should definitely be among the surgical options for anal fistula treatment.
Movilidad nacional para formación de intelectuales indígenas como artefacto académico preparatorio para estancias internacionales de los posgrados
Authors: Rodríguez Bustos Esteban
Published: April 2021

El escrito, pretende analizar la movilidad nacional de estudiantes indígenas como un artefacto académico a través del desarrollo de tres de sus funciones: la formación de intelectuales-investigadores; su capacidad transformadora de los posgrados; y su importancia estratégica previa a toda estancia de movilidad internacional. Su impulso, surge de la necesidad de transformar el proceso formativo de los posgrados que desarrollan de manera tradicional con base en el modelo áulico, enciclopedista, conductista, desarrollado en el siglo XX a través del modelo Taylorista que las instituciones de educación superior en México y el mundo implementaron en su modelo formativo. Para su desarrollo se analizaron los artículos publicados por estudiantes indígenas en formación de intelectuales-investigadores, producto de sus investigaciones fuera de las aulas de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Ajusco en México, para vivir un encuentro formativo a través de su estancia en ambientes socioculturales educativos en comunidades originarias, desarrollándose su inserción por medio de la intervención-investigación que integra la participación interinstitucional, interdisciplinaria e inter-colectiva con el fin de generar el desarrollo de un compromiso social y solidario en pos de una educación de calidad e intercultural, en este caso con los docentes de la Escuela “Moisés Sáenz” y la comunidad originaria de la cultura Ikoots de San Mateo del Mar Oaxaca en México. El trabajo se desarrolla a través del concepto de formación que parte de la subjetividad de los sujetos de Michel Foucault (1988), bajo el método de la teoría fundamentada en estudios culturales longitudinales, con apoyo del análisis de documentos.
La interculturalidad en el proyecto educativo de Macedonia: consideraciones acerca de la educación indígena en el Amazonas
Authors: Brito Charles
Published: April 2021

El artículo reflexiona sobre la interculturalidad en el Proyecto Educativo Comunitario de la Institución educativa Francisco de Orellana, en la comunidad Ticuna ribereña de Macedonia (Departamento de Amazonas, Colombia). Las referencias teóricas son las de interculturalidad crítica y la descolonialidad. El abordaje del campo fue etnográfico, desarrollado con jóvenes, adultos y maestros, a través de entrevistas, cuestionarios y observaciones de diarios de campo. Como conclusión, el artículo enfatiza que la interculturalidad tiene una cualidad sustantiva que facilita las relaciones con el estamento, una cuyo agregado hace que la escuela parezca un enclave occidental. Sin embargo, la interculturalidad, en su perspectiva crítica, puede revertir la situación, ya que ayuda a que la escuela se dé cuenta de sus capacidades para interculturalizar desde la práctica pedagógica, permitiendo así, enriquecer una educación propia desde la cual es posible el equilibrio de saberes.
REVISITANDO DISSERTAÇÕES SOBRE SABERES DOCENTES (1996-2015):
Authors: Cardoso Bruna da Silva , Nakashima Rosária Helena Ruiz
Published: April 2021

Este artigo apresenta um mapeamento de dissertações sobre a temática “saberes docentes”, no período de 1996 a 2015. A Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB) 9394/96 fundamentou a seleção do início do recorte temporal, ao considerá-la um marco na educação brasileira, por suas contribuições, principalmente, para a formação inicial e continuada de professores/as. A partir das palavras-chave “Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Educação Básica, Saberes Docentes” realizamos a busca dos trabalhos no banco de teses e dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e do Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT). Dessa forma, foram selecionadas algumas dissertações,  destacando os principais objetivos, elencando as metodologias e os referenciais teóricos utilizados e explicitando os resultados das pesquisas. Assim, este artigo enfatiza a importância da revisão de estudos para conhecer o que foi e vem sendo produzido na área, bem como nos convida a pensar outros caminhos para realização de trabalhos sobre os/as saberes dos/as professores/as e sobre a profissão professor/a e suas infinitas possibilidades.
SÍNDROME DE BOURNOT EM PROFESSORES BRASILEIROS
Authors: Silva Jefferson Rodrigues da
Published: April 2021

A síndrome de burnout é comum a profissionais que atuam sob pressão. Estudos apontam que os docentes são susceptíveis de ser acometidos por esta síndrome. Ela causa prejuízos na qualidade de vida do professor e na prática educativa. É necessário entender as condições de trabalho dos docentes brasileiros à luz da síndrome de burnout. Esta pesquisa desenvolveu-se com uma metodologia mista e uma amostra de 40 indivíduos. Aplicou-se um questionário quantitativo: sobre aspectos profissionais, de sintomatologia e de ações de prevenção ao burnout; também o instrumento de verificação pré-diagnóstica da síndrome burnout de Jbeili, inspirado no Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Como resultado, observa-se que 53% dos professores, segundo o instrumento (que não substitui um diagnóstico médico), encontram-se na fase inicial da síndrome de Burnout. Além disso, observa-se a ocorrência de sintomas característicos como irritabilidade, perda de interesse pelo trabalho e pensamento ao suicídio. De cinco ações preventivas sugeridas da literatura, 65% dos professores praticam apenas uma ou nenhuma delas. Na análise qualitativa multivariada é frequente a citação (23%) da ausência de programas institucionais de prevenção. Conclui-se que o panorama de esgotamento profissional ou burnout entre professores é crítico. Embora eles apresentem diversos sintomas característicos da síndrome, não se têm tomado, com a devida frequência, ações individuais e institucionais que diminuam a incidência de burnout. O estudo contribui para o entendimento da vida profissional em direção à qualidade de vida e da prática docente em si.
A Reverse Digital Divide: Comparing Information Security Behaviors of Generation Y and Generation Z Adults
Authors: Debb Scott M. ,   Department of Psychology, Norfolk State University, Brown Hall: 216, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA., Schaffer Daniel R. , Colson Darlene G. ,   Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, USA.,   Norfolk State University and Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, U.S.A
Published: April 2021

How individuals conceptualize their accountability related to digital technology. There may also be age-based vulnerabilities resulting from personal perceptions about the importance of engaging in best-practices. However, age may not be as critical as experience when it comes to implementation of these behaviors. Using the Cybersecurity Behaviors subscale of the Online Security Behaviors and Beliefs Questionnaire (OSBBQ), this study compared the self-reported cybersecurity attitudes and behaviors across college-aged individuals from Generation Y and Generation Z. Data were derived from a convenience sample of predominantly African-American and Caucasian respondents (N=593) recruited from two public universities in Virginia, USA. Four of the eight OSBBQ subscale items demonstrated significant differences between Generation Y and Generation Z adults. Generation Y adults reported greater reviewing of privacy policies on social media, maintenance of antivirus updates, watching for unusual computer performance, and acting on malware alerts, but no significant differences on the other items. It is reasonable to assume that the observed elevated scores were accompanied by greater individual knowledge of information security simply because of being older as a cohort, suggesting that the group was also more experienced and less likely to perceive themselves as invulnerable to online victimization.
Trends in antibiotic susceptibility of enteric fever isolates among children attending a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar, KP
Authors: Ahmad Samreen , Zahid Shahzada Bakhtyar , Salahuddin Abid , Khan Adnan , Khan Muhammad Hassam , Ali Husnul Maab
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The rising trend of multi-drug resistance in bacteria has also been documented in the organism Salmonella enterica causing Typhoid or Enteric Fevers, and cases of multidrug and extended drug resistance are on the rise. Determining the trends of antibiotic susceptibility provides an important therapeutic aid to the practicing clinician.Objective: To evaluate the ten-year trends in antibiotic susceptibilities of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi isolated from blood cultures in the paediatric patients of a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Materials & Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the department of Paediatrics, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar from June 2019 to May 2020 based on ten years retrospective data of children with positive blood culture for Salmonella spp. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The level of significance was set at p ≤0.05.

Results: A total of 168 cases Salmonella enterica spp. were isolated over the 10-year study period, of which 97(64.88%) isolates were identified as Salmonella typhi and 71(42.26%) as Salmonella paratyphi A; 94(55.95%) patients were male and 74(44.04%) were female, with mean age of 4.76 ± 2.65 years (range 2 to 12 years); majority, 69(41.07%) of patients were of ages 5-8 years. S. typhi strains showed the highest sensitivity to Imipenem and Meropenem; the lowest sensitivity seen was to Ampicillin. Bacterial sensitivity to Ceftriaxone was 79.76% and to Ciprofloxacin 58.97%. In the S. typhi group, there were six (2.6%) cases of MDR typhoid and four (2.38%) cases of XDR typhoid which was only sensitive to Imipenem.

Conclusion: Increased resistance to Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone was found, however complete sensitivity was found to Imipenem along with Meropenem.
CRIME STUDY IN POSTMODERNISM PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Fernandes Butar Butar Herry
Published: April 2021

This research answers how Postmodernism criminology explains about conceptual meaning of crime that differed from modern perspective. With the development of criminology and the rise of new thought in criminology gave us chance at renewing the approach in doing research needed to explain crime and how crime occurred. In post-modernism criminology that has been critically question that modern perspective had not been explained crime as how crime defined empirically. The research is using qualitative perspective with literature study and case study of crime such as environment crime, womanizing, the rise of sentencing in Indonesia and other cases and analysing it with the perspective of post-modern criminology. The case study goals are how to see crime from postmodern and modern criminology and gave the option how to create policy to handle crime
PERSAMAAN AKUNTANSI DALAM TRANSAKSI BISNIS
Authors: Ulfah Almira Keumala
Published: April 2021

This study intends to analyze comprehensively about accounting equations in business transactions. The accounting equation is the basis for understanding accounting records that use paired records so that the amount of debit is always balanced with credit and can know where the position of assets, debt position and capital position in each transaction. The basic accounting equation is an equation that shows the balance between assets, liabilities, and equity. The basic accounting equation is an equation that shows the balance between assets, liabilities, and equity. The accounting equation does not only record transactions that are directly related to assets, debt and capital. The accounting equation can also be used to see the effects of income, expenditure, expense, and transaction transactions. Therefore, before making financial statements we must first have to understand the basic concept of accounting, the accounting equation. The basic equation in accounting is a basic concept in making financial statements.

Keywords: accounting equations, financial statements, and business transactions

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif tentang persamaan akuntansi dalam transaksi bisnis. Persamaan akuntansi merupakan dasar untuk memahami pencatatan akuntansi yang menggunakan catatan berpasangan sehingga besarnya debit selalu seimbang dengan kredit dan dapat diketahui dimana posisi aset, posisi hutang dan posisi modal dalam setiap transaksi. Persamaan akuntansi dasar adalah persamaan yang menunjukkan keseimbangan antara aset, kewajiban, dan ekuitas. Persamaan akuntansi dasar adalah persamaan yang menunjukkan keseimbangan antara aset, kewajiban, dan ekuitas. Persamaan akuntansi tidak hanya mencatat transaksi yang berhubungan langsung dengan aset, hutang dan modal. Persamaan akuntansi juga dapat digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh pendapatan, pengeluaran, pengeluaran, dan transaksi transaksi. Oleh karena itu, sebelum membuat laporan keuangan kita terlebih dahulu harus memahami konsep dasar akuntansi yaitu persamaan akuntansi. Persamaan dasar dalam akuntansi merupakan konsep dasar dalam pembuatan laporan keuangan.

Kata kunci: persamaan akuntansi, laporan keuangan, dan transaksi bisnis
EKSISTENSI KEADILAN SOSIAL DALAM KEUANGAN PUBLIK ISLAM
Authors: Razali Ramadhan , Febriansyah Sutan
Published: April 2021

The Conclusion form this research is social justice in Islamic societies can prosper society and advance the economic level of the State. The existence of the principle of social justice can be seen from the instruments of Islamic distribution of interest in equalizing wealth in society. The principle of justice is also contained in the Islamic land tax instrument. Therefore, the bidding instrument in Islamic public finance offered by Abi Ja'far Ibn Nasr al-Dawudi  is very relevant to this era.

This study uses Adam Smith's taxation theory which says that the principles of taxation are certainty, fairness, economics, and belief. While for the theory of social justice the writer uses the theory of John Rawls which explains about justice must represent the principles of justice and equality.

The method used by the author is a qualitative method. Through collecting data and information through literature (library research). As primary data in this study is the book Al-Dawudi, that is Wa b Al-Amwal by Abi Ja'far Ibn Nasr Al-Dawudi. While for secondary data the authors use books related to the theme, namely the thesis or dissertation of journals and information media relating to the theme of this thesis. What was being discussed was discussing history and discussing contemporary Islamic economics.