bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence based impact of school inspection on teaching and learning in primary school education in Tanzania
Authors: Matete Rose Ephraim
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of school inspection on teaching and learning in primary school education in Tanzania. The study was carried out in Mbeya region and data was collected qualitatively from 59 participants where 6 were head teachers, 44 classroom teachers, 8 school inspectors, and a District Education Officer (DEO). Data was collected through open-ended questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary analysis. The findings indicate that school inspectors gave some advice to teachers on how to teach and help the pupils with learning difficulties. However, it was found that school inspectors did not regularly visit the classroom for lesson observations to identify the strengths and weaknesses of teachers for the improvement of teaching and learning. The findings also indicate that school inspectors focused on the professional documents when evaluating the teachers’ work performance without classroom observation and helping teachers on how to teach the difficult topics that could be the added value of the school inspection. It was further found that school inspectors’ working conditions were poor as they lacked allowances to facilitate their school visits and they lacked a means of transport. It is argued in this paper that for teachers to grow professionally and improve the quality of teaching and learning in primary schools, school inspectors need to carry out classroom observations and be trained based on the subject matter. Nevertheless, improvement of the school inspectors’ work conditions and provision of a means of transport to the school inspectorate department is equally important
Utilization of ICT for Quality Assurance in Secondary
Authors: Nihuka Kassimu , Ngonile Tuli A.
Published: April 2024

The study reported in this paper investigated the perceived potential for utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for quality assurance practices in secondary schools in Dar es Salaam. The study used survey research design and a total of 56 quality assurers (i.e., 53 school quality assurers and 03 chief school quality assurers) drawn from Dar es Salaam, Ilala, Kinondon and Temeke participated in the study. Structured questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data which were then analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Data Reduction Technique respectively. Findings have revealed that there is a potential for utilization of ICT for quality assurance practices in secondary schools. Findings have shown that between 57.1% to 98.2% of quality assurers have access to computer (83.9% and mobile phones (98.2%). Also, over 50% of the school quality assurers are already utilizing ICT for report writing (66.1%), storage of information (58.9%), to access stored information (53.6%) and to surf educational resources (50%). However, about 40% of the quality assurers lack ICT knowledge of basic computer applications. Appropriate recommendations are suggested based on the findings and discussion.
Utilization of Fiscal Resources in Fee-Free Education Policy: The Case of Selected Community Secondary Schools’ Heads in Tarime Urban District
Authors: Chacha Lucas , Kiwonde Flora
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the capacity of heads of schools in utilizing the fiscal resources for implementing fee free education policy (FFEP) in community secondary schools. The study employed descriptive research design with a quantitative approach where stratified sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 190 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data and SPSS served as an analysis tool in interpreting the collected data. The findings revealed that heads of schools supervise and monitor the expenditure of school funds as per government directives and financial regulations although they do not provide accurate financial information of their schools. On the other hand, the study found that heads of schools do not properly keep records of staff in planning and allocation of fiscal resources related to implementing FFEP. The study concluded that although heads of schools do not delegate the mechanism of financial matters to capable staff, the prioritization of financial allocation according to the needs, helped successful implementation of the FFEP. The study recommends that heads of schools should keep records of staff properly in planning and allocation of fiscal resources for implementing FFEP. This goes together with the heads of schools giving accurate financial information of their schools and involving important stakeholders in decision making and matters concerning school budget.
An Emerging Era Of Research In Agriculture Using AI
Authors: Anurag Chandra Mishra  , Joydeep Das  , Ram Awtar
Published: April 2024

AI-driven precision agriculture, predictive analytics, robots, and market intelligence boost contemporary agriculture's production, efficiency, and sustainability. Precision agriculture, powered by AI algorithms, gives farmers detailed insights into crop health, soil conditions, and weather patterns for data-driven resource allocation and management. AI in agriculture's predictive analytics helps stakeholders forecast crop yields, market dynamics, and climate-related dangers, improving resilience and strategic planning. AI has great promise to solve agriculture's complicated problems. AI technologies allow computers to mimic human cognition and evaluate massive volumes of data to draw conclusions. AI can improve resource utilization, productivity, decision-making, and environmental effect in agriculture. AI-powered precision agriculture, crop monitoring, supply chain optimization, and market analysis are making agriculture more sustainable and resilient. To show AI's influence on farming, we explored precision agriculture, predictive analytics, robots, and supply chain optimization. Farmers may optimize resource usage, manage risks, and make data-driven choices using these tools, enhancing output, sustainability, and resilience.
ADOPTION AND INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL TOOLS IN HOME ECONOMICS PRACTICE IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: UMEH-IDIKA, Adaku. S.
Published: April 2024

The study examined the adoption and integration of digital tools in Home Economics practice in Abia State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select all the lecturers and technologists of Home Economics in the Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire which was validated by experts in the area of Home Economics. The data was analysed using frequency, percentage, mean and Standard deviation. The results showed that the majority of the professionals adopted and integrated digital tools into the practice. Additionally, the majority of the lecturers found digital tools to be extremely helpful and believed that they have positive impacts on the teaching and learning outcomes. The study found the following; 12 types of digital tools available, 8 items on current state of adoption, 6 benefits of using digital tools, 11 factors that affects adoption and integration of digital tools in Home Economics Practice and 10 solutions to the problem were found.
Prediction of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Both Lean and Obese Patients Utilizing the Waist to Height Ratio (WHR) and Fatty Liver Index (FLI)
Authors: Rasool Nida , Balouch Abdul Wahid , Khan Raja Taha Yaseen , Akbar Nishat , Sanjani Shahrukh Reza , Haq Muhammad Manzoor Ul , Ismail Hina , Majid Zain , Nasir Abdullah , Luck Nasir Hasan
Published: April 2024

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a burgeoning health issue with a global prevalence that mirrors the rise in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Non-invasive diagnostic indices like the Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR) and the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) are crucial for early detection and management, offering an alternative to the invasive liver biopsy. These indices are particularly pertinent for populations with distinctive body compositions, such as those seen in Asian countries, where traditional measures like Body Mass Index (BMI) may not accurately reflect metabolic risk.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of WHtR and FLI as non-invasive diagnostic tools for NAFLD in both lean and obese populations, and to identify the most reliable indicator for predicting the presence of fatty liver disease across different body compositions.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was approved by the Ethical Review Board (ERC-771) and conducted at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation. It included 757 participants aged 18-70 years, with 559 lean and 298 obese individuals based on BMI classifications. Exclusion criteria included other forms of hepatitis, use of steatogenic medication, and significant gastrointestinal disorders. Diagnostic measures included abdominal ultrasonography performed by an expert radiologist and calculation of WHtR and FLI. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25, and diagnostic accuracy was assessed through sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) curves.
Results: Fatty liver was detected in 49% of obese patients and 33% of lean patients. The obese cohort demonstrated a WHtR >0.63 with a diagnostic accuracy of 94.63%, whereas the FLI had a diagnostic accuracy of 83.6% for a cutoff >74. In lean patients, FLI >16.5 was more predictive of NAFLD with a diagnostic accuracy of 96.96%, as opposed to WHtR, which was less effective. The AUROC for WHtR and FLI in obese patients was 0.847 and 0.704, respectively, while in lean patients, the AUROC for FLI was 0.875, suggesting superior diagnostic performance over WHtR.
Conclusion: The study confirms that WHtR and FLI are valuable non-invasive tools for predicting NAFLD, with WHtR being more effective in obese patients and FLI showing greater reliability in lean patients. These findings highlight the need for tailored approaches in diagnosing NAFLD according to body composition. Further large-scale, multicentric research is needed to generalize these diagnostic cut-offs.
Advances in Understanding and Managing Osteoarthritis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Salod, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, India, Andraskar Kalyani
Published: April 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) stands as the foremost prevalent form of arthritis, causing substantial pain and disability worldwide. According to the 2015 Global Burden of Disease study, OA exhibits a significantly higher incidence among women, doubling that of males, and its prevalence escalates with age, particularly peaking after 60 years. Symptoms of OA encompass pain, painful stiffness, and radiographic evidence, with a notable age-standardized prevalence of symptomatic hand OA at 6% and 14.4% for males and females, respectively. In India, a nation of 1.252 billion people, primary knee OA frequency was studied across five distinct locations, revealing significant risk factors such as age, sex, obesity, genetics, and nutritional factors, as well as alignment and cell/extracellular matrix interactions, crucial in articular cartilage physiology. The pathophysiology of OA is typically segmented into three stages: proteolytic degradation (Stage I), synovial inflammation (Stage II), and proinflammatory cytokine involvement (Stage III). Diagnosis relies on various modalities including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). In the management of OA, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are pivotal. Analgesic drugs are commonly employed, while steroid injections aim to alleviate discomfort and enhance function. Efforts in OA management and understanding continue to evolve, offering hope for improved outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals.
Exploring the Evolution of Analytical Method Validation: Current Perspectives
Authors:   Dr. Vedprakash Patil College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India, Pawar Rohini , k Vikas ,   Dr. Vedprakash Patil College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
Published: April 2024

In this review, we delve into the critical process of analytical method development and validation within the realm of pharmaceutical drug development. The creation of sound analytical methods stands as a cornerstone from the early stages of drug discovery through to the eventual marketing approval. Our objective is to meticulously examine the methodology behind developing, optimizing, and validating analytical methods, particularly focusing on their application to drug products – from the formulation's developmental stage to the production of commercial batches. We begin by elucidating the significance of method development tailored to the specific components of finished drug products or in-process tests. Additionally, we delve into the intricacies of sample preparation techniques essential for accurate analysis. Central to our discussion are the practical approaches employed to ascertain critical parameters including selectivity, specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, linearity, range accuracy, precision, recovery, solution stability, ruggedness, and robustness of liquid chromatographic methods. These parameters are indispensable for supporting routine, in-process, and stability analyses crucial for ensuring the safety, efficacy, and quality of pharmaceutical products. By dissecting the intricacies of method development and validation, this review aims to provide pharmaceutical researchers and practitioners with valuable insights and practical guidelines to navigate the complex landscape of analytical method validation in drug development.
Embracing Self-collecting cervico-vaginal Human Papilloma Virus testing for cervical cancer screening: An exploratory study of acceptability among women in Penang
Authors: Fazida Farah Amirah , Zhang Haoling , Zhang Haolong , Sany Salina , Sandai Doblin
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aims to assess the acceptability and awareness of Penang women regarding self-collected cervico-vaginal specimens for HPV testing. Method: The study was conducted in Penang State throughout January to December 2020, in collaboration with the Penang West Hat Community Programme. The study's target population included women aged 25-60 from the Little Siradan, North West, Terenga, and Barat daya communities, who self-collected cervicovaginal samples using a cervicovaginal brush. Following sample collection, participants completed brief questionnaires to gauge their acceptance and perceptions of this self-sampling approach. They also received counseling and guidance at local health departments for Pap test follow-ups. Result: Vaginal microbiota examination revealed a significant correlation between baseline (W0) and twelve weeks later (W12) across various parameters, encompassing the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ), blood samples, fecal samples, distributed products to subjects, and vaginal samples (p < 0.001). Analysis of DNA concentration (VM) demonstrated a substantial difference in A260/280 ratios (p < 0.001), while A260/230 ratios showed no statistical significance (p=0.212). Additionally, the vaginal microbiome results displayed noteworthy distinctions between fecal and vaginal samples. Conclusion: The findings of this study hold promise for the initial community-wide implementation of HPV testing, which is anticipated to be introduced in Malaysia in the near future.
Design and Simulation of VCO for RF Transceivers with Low Power, Low Phase Noise and Wider Tuning Range using Silterra 130nm CMOS Technology
Authors: Yakubu Mohammed  , Nkeleme V.O.  , Boyson Andrew
Published: April 2024

The performance of low-power transceivers is required to meet stringent specifications for an advanced wireless radio frequency (RF) application. The design topology in this paper is simulated to meet the specifications and operation of VCO for low power, low phase noise and wide tuning range in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) 130nm technology for RF transceivers. The relationship between the phase noise, power consumption and frequency turning range is fully analyzed to further improve the performance of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The architecture of the VCO employs two sets of symmetrical cross-couple split NMOS and PMOS with biased current sources operating in the triode region, and a resonator tank that achieves the desired low phase noise performance of about -110 dB/Hz at a tuning range of 4.1 to 4.5 GHz with a supply of 0.9 V. The control of the DC bias point reduces the conduction angle, which improves the current efficiency, power consumption and phase noise. The topology generates sufficient –gm for the oscillator incorporation to mitigate the start-up issue of the VCO. At the center frequency of 4.38 GHz, the VCO serves as a promising solution for improving low power and low phase for wireless communication systems and RF transceiver applications. The design consumes a very low power of 0.138 mW, achieves a phase noise of -110.53 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, and a figure of merit (FoM) of -191.90 dBc/Hz.
Evaluación de la Filtración Apical al Utilizar Dos Selladores Biocerámicos
Authors: Labarta Alicia Beatriz , Hernandez C , Conde M L , Escobar E , Gualtieri A F , Rodríguez P A
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Evaluar con técnica de diafanización el grado de filtración apical al utilizar dos selladores biocerámicos y la técnica de cono único con taper ex vivo. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron 60 premolares inferiores humanos uniradiculares extraídos. La instrumentación se realizó con lima Primary 25/.07 (WaveOne Gold, Dentsply Maillefer), según protocolo del fabricante. Se irrigó con NaOCl 2,5% y EDTAC 17%. Para la obturación, la muestra se dividió aleatoriamente en 4 grupos (n=15). Grupo 1: Cono único y Bio C Sealer. Grupo 2: Cono único y MTA Fillapex. Grupo control negativo: no se obturó. Grupo control positivo: Cono único y AH Plus. En todas las muestras se aplicaron dos capas de esmalte para uñas en toda la superficie dentaria con excepción del tercio apical y del grupo control positivo, que se esmaltó en su totalidad. Medio de filtración: tinta china negra por difusión pasiva. Se diafanizó con técnica de Robertson. Se usó programa AutoCad 2022, para medir filtración en milímetros lineales. Los datos se analizaron mediante prueba de Kruskal-Wallis seguida por comparaciones post hoc empleando el método de Conover (p<0,05, significativo). Resultados: La filtración con Bio C Sealer, MTA Fillapex, control negativo y control positivo tuvo una media (mínimo-máximo) de 0 (0-2), 1 (0-3), 6 (2-12) y 0 (0-0); sin diferencias significativas entre Bio C Sealer y MTA Fillapex (p>0,05), ni entre Bio C Sealer y control positivo (p>0,05); pero con diferencias significativas entre MTA Fillapex y control positivo (p<0,05), y entre control negativo y cualquiera de los otros tres grupos (p<0,05). Conclusión: La obturación con Bio C Sealer lograría un nivel de sellado similar al que se obtiene con el control positivo; mientras que la obturación con MTA Fillapex produciría un sellado ligeramente menos efectivo que el control positivo. Sin embargo, la filtración no variaría sustancialmente entre obturaciones con Bio C Sealer y MTA Fillapex.
Protocolo para la Medición de Espacios Vacíos Dentro de la Obturación Endodóntica con Microtomografía
Authors: Loiacono Romina , Cabirta María Lorena , Rodríguez Pablo Alejandro
Published: April 2024

La microtomografía es un estudio que utiliza la radiación X para obtener imágenes de tamaños de milésimas de milímetros y de alta resolución. Las imágenes 2D son procesadas por diferentes softwares para lograr obtener volúmenes capaces de ser analizados tridimensionalmente. La microtomografía es el estudio de elección a la hora de evaluar características muy pequeñas con gran precisión. La obturación endodóntica buscar lograr un sellado que no tenga espacios vacíos dentro de la masa de obturación. Esto es importante debido a que los poros pueden permitir, si están en contacto con la pared dentinaria, la entrada de microorganismos al conducto radicular. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el procedimiento para el análisis y visualización de los espacios vacíos dentro de la obturación endodóntica, utilizando la microtomografía de rayos x, y establecer un protocolo para ser utilizado por cualquier investigador.
DEBATE ABOUT PERSONALITY AS A FACTOR IN MODERN BOSNIAN HISTORY
Authors: Duranović Amir
Published: April 2024

Rad raspravlja o tri političke biografije objavljenje u skorije vrijeme u Bosni i Hercegovini o Mehmedu Spahi, Džemalu Bijediću i Aliji Izetbegoviću. Autor analizira metodološke pristupe, izvornu podlogu, narative i utjecaj navedenih biografija zajedno sa vlastitim, ali i drugim kritičkim osvrtima objavljenim u Bosni i Hercegovini i drugdje. Takvim pristupom autor nastoji ukazati na stanje u savremenoj bosanskohercegovačkoj historiografiji.
O EXPOENTE ZERO EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DA EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR BRASILEIRA
Authors: Tomazi Fernanda , Piano Cátia , Ribeiro Dulcyene Maria
Published: April 2024

O ensino de Matemática é sempre permeado por algumas inseguranças dos professores e por algumas dificuldades dos alunos. No ensino de potenciação, uma das dificuldades surge quando o zero está envolvido. Neste artigo trataremos de como o conteúdo “potência de expoente zero” foi desenvolvido em quatro livros didáticos utilizados no Brasil. Os livros analisados foram escolhidos de forma a representarem quatro períodos que julgamos importantes na educação brasileira: Escola Nova, Movimento Matemática Moderna, publicação dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e publicação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Apresentamos primeiramente a história do número zero, que nos motivou a selecionar este conteúdo específico, pois a utilização do número zero sempre envolveu exceções. Posteriormente, apresentamos um resumo de características dos períodos a que os livros pertencem, para então apresentarmos as análises dos livros de acordo com as características dos períodos em que foram escritos. Concluímos que a diferença na abordagem do expoente zero nas obras analisadas consiste na apresentação justificada pelas propriedades nas obras mais antigas, enquanto é trazida como uma definição pelas obras mais recentes.
HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: um mapeamento das licenciaturas em matemática de uma instituição pública federal paulista
Authors: Cabral Libório Reginaldo Guilhermino , Cardia Cardoso Virgínia
Published: April 2024

Objetiva-se mapear e discutir a presença de temáticas relativas à História da educação matemática (Hem) em disciplinas dos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática oferecidos em treze campi do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP). Desenvolveu-se um estudo na abordagem qualitativa, do tipo documental, no qual optou-se por analisar os Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso (PPC) dos respectivos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática. Observou-se que temáticas relativas à Hem estão presentes em disciplinas de sete cursos (54% do total de cursos da respectiva área ofertados pela instituição). Como resultado, foi possível evidenciar que os PPC dos cursos da Instituição pesquisada tratam de forma incipiente a Hem nas estruturas curriculares. Os cursos que fazem referência à temática alinham-se aos pressupostos do campo de investigação Hem. Além disso, salienta-se que, embora haja uma evolução expressiva do campo de investigação da Hem nos últimos vinte anos, no currículo prescrito desses cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática, não se observa sua institucionalização na qualidade de “campo disciplinar”.
La formación profesional para la promoción de la cultura científica
Authors: Montejo Rodríguez Erley , García Rodríguez Reynier , Pérez Viera Odalys , Figueroa Soledispa Liliana
Published: April 2024

El desarrollo científico-tecnológico mundial está siendo tan extraordinario que se vislumbra un futuro más prometedor en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de enfermedades, la optimización de los procesos sociales por medio de la gestión de la ciencia y, una comprensión cada vez más profunda del medio ambiente y del propio organismo humano. Por ello, en el decurso del siglo XX evolucionó el concepto cultura científica y se esbozó, desde el sector de la ciencia primeramente y, posteriormente desde la educación, la necesidad de la formación, desarrollo y promoción de la cultura científica, para la comprensión de la naturaleza social de la ciencia, su función en el entramado social y su impacto en la vida de los seres humanos y la toma de decisiones. Por lo anterior, es una obra coral e interdisciplinaria que involucra diversos actores sociales entre los cuales los educadores tienen una función primordial, porque les corresponde repensar continuamente la educación científica y la formación de los profesores de ciencia para que ocurra una sinergia entre la manera en que se manifiesta la ciencia y la actividad científica y la manera en que se enseña y se aprende. A tono con lo anterior, se presenta la estrategia pedagógica para la promoción de la cultura científica en estudiantes que se forman como profesores de Química y Biología, cuya pertinencia y factibilidad demostrada permite una sincronía entre los componentes del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje y los procesos sustantivos de la formación universitaria para el logro de este propósito.
AI in Healthcare: Transforming the Future
Authors: Krishna Pasupuleti Murali
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This chapter delves into the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare, highlighting its potential to revolutionize patient care, diagnostics, and healthcare operations. AI empowers healthcare professionals to make more informed decisions, optimizes patient outcomes, and streamlines administrative processes. The chapter explores the impact of AI across various domains, including diagnostics, patient monitoring, treatment personalization, and operational efficiency, while also addressing the ethical considerations and challenges inherent in deploying AI solutions, such as data privacy, consent, and bias. As AI continues to advance, its potential to improve healthcare outcomes and accessibility is immense, provided that innovation is guided by ethical considerations and a collaborative approach among technologists, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. This chapter underscores the importance of continuous innovation, ethical practices, and collaboration to fully realize AI's benefits in healthcare, setting the stage for a future where AI-driven healthcare solutions are both transformative and responsibly implemented. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI),Healthcare,Patient Care,Diagnostics,Personalized Medicine,Machine Learning,Deep Learning,Natural Language Processing (NLP),Healthcare Operations,Ethical Considerations,Data Privacy,Treatment Personalization,Remote Monitoring,Clinical Decision Support and Healthcare Innovation.novation.
Advancing Real-Time Intelligence with Edge AI
Authors: Pasupuleti Murali Krishna
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This chapter explores into the transformative world of Edge AI, a technological innovation that brings the power of artificial intelligence to the edge of the network, enabling real-time intelligence across various sectors. By processing data locally on devices, Edge AI drastically reduces latency, optimizes bandwidth usage, and enhances privacy and security, marking a significant shift from traditional cloud-based data analysis. The exploration begins with an overview of Edge AI, including its definition, components, and the key technologies that facilitate its implementation. It then highlights the critical need for real-time intelligence in applications such as autonomous vehicles, healthcare monitoring, and smart manufacturing, illustrating the limitations of cloud computing in meeting these demands. The advantages of Edge AI, including latency reduction, bandwidth optimization, and enhanced privacy and security, are discussed in detail. The chapter further examines the challenges and solutions in implementing Edge AI, from infrastructure and deployment considerations to navigating power consumption and environmental constraints. Through case studies in autonomous vehicles, healthcare, and manufacturing, the practical applications and transformative potential of Edge AI are showcased. The chapter concludes by looking at the future directions of Edge AI, emphasizing the importance of continuous innovation and ethical considerations in its advancement. This comprehensive overview of Edge AI illuminates its role in driving real-time intelligence and underscores its potential to revolutionize how we interact with technology in our daily lives and professional environments. Keywords/Index Terms: Edge AI,Real-Time Intelligence,Autonomous Vehicles,Healthcare Monitoring,Smart Manufacturing,Latency Reduction,Bandwidth Optimization,Data Privacy,Security in Edge Computing,AI Algorithms,5G Technology,Power Consumption,Environmental Constraints,Ethical Considerations in AI and Future of Edge AI.
Sistem Pembayaran pada Usaha Makanan Kecil Khas Betawi untuk Keberlangsungan Usaha Masyarakat di Wilayah Kelurahan Joglo Jakarta Barat
Authors: Oktaviar Chairiel , Utama Andyan Pradipta , Arief Harefan
Published: April 2024

Fenomena menunjukan begitu besarnya minat dan niat masyarakat untuk mendapatkan penghasilan (income) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan tuntutan untuk tetap bisa bertahan hidup (survive) yang harus terus diperjuangkan, maka timbullah inisiatif untuk membuka usaha kecil di tengah adanya permasalahan keterbatasan financial (modal), keterbatasan pengetahuan tentang sistem pembayaran (finansial tekhnologi) dan juga permasalahan pengetahuan strategi pemasaran berbasis digital, ketiga permasalahan tersebut justru menjadi tantangan dan penyemangat untuk dipelajari dan moment kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menjadi kesempatan terbaik untuk dapat berbagi ilmu pengetahuan dan pengalaman kepada masyarakat peserta dan mitra UMKM, agar tetap dapat mempertahankan keberlangsungan usaha yang telah dirintis.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND LIVING ORGANISMS
Authors:   Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Aliyeva I.B.
Published: April 2024

Phytotoxic properties of Absheron soils were studied when they were contaminated with oil and oil products. For this purpose, samples were taken from gray-brown semi-desert soil from Binagadi settlement of Absheron region and light chestnut soil from Saray settlement. Studies conducted with these soil types have shown that arid areas are not resistant to pollution by oil and oil products in terms of phytotoxicity. It was found that the soils of the Absheron peninsula contaminated with oil and oil products have a negative effect on the growth and development of test plants.
Analysis of Cretan metalwork
Authors: Giumlia-Mair Alessandra R. , Ferrence Susan C.
Published: April 2024

This paper presents an overview of the analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) of metal objects from Cretan sites, carried out in the frame of a research project on Bronze Age Cretan metallurgy, sponsored by the Institute for Aegean Prehistory (INSTAP). This paper focuses on the analysis of data from objects that were excavated at sites dating to different periods: copper-based and silver finds from Livari Skiadi, Hagia Photia, and Petras dated to the Early Minoan IB period (ca. 3000–2900 BC); the finds from Gournia, a Late Minoan I settlement (ca. 1625–1450 BC) now in the collection of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (Penn Museum); and those from the Late Minoan I–III (ca. 1625–1200 BC) town of Mochlos, an important port of trade.
Archaeometallurgical studies on corrosion behaviour of Cu-As alloys from "Lama" (2nd millennium BC), Iran
Authors: Emami Mohammadamin , Jafari Javad
Published: April 2024

The Lama cemetery is located in west of the Zagros Mountains in Iran. The excavated materials are bronze objects, silver rings, iron items and pottery that were scattered in the graves. Pottery with continuous painted lines and triangular patterns and metal tools were the main evidence for dating the cemetery to the Middle Elamite II, III and Neo-Elamite I periods (1400-800 B.C). The objects were analyzed by means of ICP-OES, OM and SEM-EDX in order to obtain data on the metal composition and alloying process. The results show various compositions concerning the Cu/Sn ratio in the metallic core of the objects. The variety of tin content proves that the objects were not made by using a particular proportion of alloying elements. An uncontrolled process was used to produce tin bronze, such as co-smelting, cementation, recycling or smelting copper- tin bearing ores.
Calcium content in metallurgical slag as a proxy for fuel efficiency of ancient copper smelting technologies
Authors: Ben-Yosef Erez , Yagel Omri
Published: April 2024

While analysis of slag material is essential for reconstructing ancient smelting technologies, the interpretation of the analytical data might be challenging. In this paper we address a particular question, namely the interpretation of calcium (Ca) content in copper smelting slag, based on ICP-OES/MS analysis of multiple slag samples from the copper ore district of Timna Valley (southern Israel). The new data indicate a decrease in the average calcium content in slag between the Late Bronze Age (~12th century BCE, 2.38±1.65 wt.% [n=27]) and the Iron Age (~10th century BCE, 1.17±0.91 wt.% [n=15]). Based on several lines of argument we suggest that this difference represents primarily an improvement in fuel efficiency (i.e., less fuel per smelting cycle while similar quantity of copper was produced), rather than a change in the smelting charge (flux, ore and charcoal) or furnace construction materials. The new data demonstrate that a deliberate search for increasing fuel efficiency was a main trigger behind technological progress in the hyper arid zone of the southern Levantine deserts.
Stock Market Analysis and Prediction Using LSTM: A Case Study on Technology Stocks
Authors: Li Zhenglin , Yu Hanyi , Xu Jinxin , Liu Jihang , Mo Yuhong
Published: April 2024

This research explores the application of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for stock market analysis and prediction, focusing on four major technology stocks: Apple Inc. (AAPL), Google LLC (GOOG), Microsoft Corporation (MSFT), and Amazon.com Inc. (AMZN). Historical stock price data from Yahoo Finance spanning from January 1, 2012, to the present is utilized. The study aims to develop and evaluate an LSTM-based prediction model for forecasting future stock prices. The LSTM model consists of two LSTM layers with 128 and 64 units, respectively, followed by two dense layers. The model is trained using the Adam optimizer and mean squared error (MSE) loss function. Evaluation of the model is done using the root mean squared error (RMSE) metric. The results demonstrate the potential of LSTM models in capturing complex patterns in stock price movements and making reasonably accurate predictions.
A PROTOTYPE CHARPY AND IZOD IMPACT TESTER DESIGN AND IMPACT TEST ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT ALUMINUM ALLOYS
Authors:   YKK Metal and Plastic Products Industry and Trade Inc, Unal Mustafa , Dalmis Ibrahim ,   Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Çorlu Engineering Faculty
Published: April 2024

Different international standards have been established to determine the fracture energy of materials. In this study to determine the fracture energies of aluminum materials in different alloys, a prototype of Charpy and Izod impact tester was designed and manufactured. This tester were been designed and manufactured by ASTM E23 and TS EN ISO 148-1 standard. This study was completed during the postgraduate period. The Charpy and Izod impact energies of ETIAL-160, ETIAL 171, ETIAL 177, ETIAL 195, and AC2A which are aluminum materials commonly used in the manufacturing industry, were determined by the designed machine.
TRANSFER PHENOMENA IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sykorsky”, Jakhno Oleg , Gnativ Roman ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Nochnichenko Ihor ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky"
Published: April 2024

The phenomenon of transfer finds great application in the problems of hydromechanics of heat and mass transfer associated with structural features and rheological properties of liquid media. A wide distribution of problem solving on the use of ideas about the phenomena of transfer was found in the physicochemical processes of biological media, the processes of transfer of mechanical media, phenomena associated with systems. The article considers cases of solving hydrodynamic problems using the analysis of transport processes for different types of channel flows described by non-stabilized pulsating flow equations, as well as open channel flows that find their place in practice.
SEARCH OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL VEHICLES USING THE VENN DIAGRAM AND MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sykorsky”, Kuznietsov Yurii
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to one of the directions of the search for technical ideas in the methodology of scientific and technical creativity on the example of the creation of multifunctional vehicles on land, water and in the air using a system-morphological approach and a three-level Venn diagram. Consider interesting examples for movement in non-standard situations. The proposed considerations can be useful for students, graduate students and engineering and technical workers when searching for creative and innovative ideas in various branches of the national economy.
EFFECTS OF MACHINING PARAMETERS ON TOOL LIFE
Authors:   Trakya University, Ayer Önder , Çolakoglu Burak ,   Eksal Aluminum Extrusion Dies&Tooling
Published: April 2024

Cutting tools, which are used extensively in machining, are expected to have high performance and longer service life. Tool life term defines the time period between the starting of the cutting tool and the sharpening of the tool so that the tool is actively used. According to international standards, tool deterioration by wear is a specific criterion used to determine tool life. In this study, the effects of cutting parameters on the cutting performance and tool life of standard end mills with diameters Ø6, Ø8, Ø10, Ø12 which are used extensively in the die-making industry, were investigated. Detection of cutting-edge wear conditions was achieved by conducting detailed surface observations with a high-resolution camera of a three-dimensional (3D) digital microscope
INVESTIGATION OF HARDNESS AND ELASTIC MODULUS OF MILLED AND SLM Ti6Al4V ALLOY
Authors:   Medical University of Varna, Dikova Tsanka , Dunchev Vladimir ,   Technical University of Gabrovo, Gagov Yavor ,   Medical University of Varna
Published: April 2024

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the hardness and elastic modulus of Ti6Al4V alloy produced by CAD/CAM milling and selective laser melting. The Vickers micro-hardness is measured, while the modulus of elasticity is determined by new developed methodology consisting of bending test and finite element analysis. It was established that the manufacturing methodlead to differences in the micro-hardness and elastic modulus of the milled and SLM samples. The measured micro-hardness of the Ti6Al4V alloy was higher for the SLM samples (396 HV) compared to the milled ones (347 HV). The values of the modulus of elasticity of Ti6Al4V alloy are 180 GPa for the milled and 120 GPa for the SLM fabricated samples. They are higher than the data given in the literature or by the manufacturers. Subsequent heat treatment with porcelain firing modes slightly decreased the micro-hardness to 322 HV for the milled and 388 HV for the SLM produced samples and had almost no effect on the modulus of elasticity for both groups.
Studerendes udvikling af professionsidentitet gennem musikpædagogi
Authors: Pallesen Lærke Nørgård , Madsen Christina Dahl
Published: April 2024

Der er stor kropslig diversitet blandt børn i danske dagtilbud, og hermed et pædagogisk behov for at kunne skabe deltagelsesmuligheder for alle børn. I et aktionsforskningsstudie undersøger vi, hvordan studerendes arbejde med børns deltagelsesmuligheder i musikaktiviteter understøtter deres professionsidentitet. Artiklen peger på, at studerendes erfaringer forankrer sig kropsligt som særligt meningsfulde, når de erfarer øjeblikke af at forbinde sig til og afstemme børns udtryk og behov musikalsk. Et musikalsk repertoire med fokus på samskabelse kan understøtte disse erfaringer. Når studerende deler erfaringer og udviklingsmuligheder omkring pædagogiske situationer i refleksive fællesskaber, kan det give studerende mulighed for at integrere opnåede kropslige erfaringer i deres forståelse af sig selv som kommende pædagoger.
Turnover tax, sales tax and value added tax as different approaches to the application of universal excise tax
Authors: Shamaev Semen Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2024

At the moment, it is possible to note the imperfection of the current fiscal system of the Russian Federation and its weak ability to implement its key functions. In order to identify growth points for the Russian tax system, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of existing tax relations in the field of indirect taxation. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive retrospective analysis of the use of various forms of universal excise, a comparative analysis of the theory and practice of using such forms. The subject of the work is turnover tax, sales tax and value added tax as different approaches to the application of universal excise tax; the purpose of the work is to explore the use of universal excise tax in evolutionary development, both in the Russian Federation and in the USSR. The main research method was a retrospective analysis, and research methods such as synthesis, comparison and forecasting were also used. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that, from the point of view of trends in the use of turnover tax, sales tax and value added tax in the Russian Federation, actual problems of the country's tax system were identified, as well as prospects for improving the tax system of the Russian Federation in terms of the application of universal excise tax. The result of the work was the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of these taxes. The scope of the work is the fiscal system of Russia. The main conclusions are to assess the relationship between the level of economic development and the applicable tax, as well as the forms and mechanisms of using universal excise tax in the tax system of the Russian Federation in the coming years. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that, choosing between value added tax and sales tax as an alternative, most civilized countries prefer the former, which indicates its greater viability and compliance with the economic and social needs of the state.
Unfair competition: the current state of criminalization
Authors: Danilovskaia Anna Vladimirovna
Published: April 2024

The subject of the study is the state of criminalization of unfair competition in the Russian Federation. The article examines the relationship of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition", which contains prohibitions on manifestations of unfair competition; the elements of crimes provided for in art. 128.1, 146, 147, 180, 183, 185.3 and 185.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, when analyzing objective and subjective signs of which elements of certain forms of unfair competition are seen, as well as law enforcement in the designated area; static data reflecting the current situation of identifying facts of unfair competition in the activities of the antimonopoly authority, law enforcement agencies, as well as aspects of interaction between the antimonopoly authority and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in the field of countering market manipulation and the misuse of insider information as separate manifestations of unfair competition. The methodology of the research is based on the provisions of the doctrine of materialistic dialectics, as well as a systematic approach, in particular, general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition were used – methods of system analysis, logical, comparative, formal dogmatic method, method of legal forecasting and classification. The novelty lies in establishing the fact of the correlation of crimes provided for in art.128.1, 146, 147, 180, 183, 185.3 and 185.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, with the prohibitions of the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition" based on the analysis of objective and subjective signs of the listed crimes, as well as the practice of sentencing in this area, in substantiating the possibility of using articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation to combat manifestations of unfair competition, but also to improve criminal law norms in order to unify their content with the prohibitions of a special law. The conclusions are that the above analysis of the signs of the elements of crimes provided for in art. 128.1, 146, 147, 180, 183, 185.3 and 185.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, indicates a certain degree of their compatibility with the prohibitions of forms of unfair competition contained in the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition", although they need to be improved. Appropriate legislative changes are advisable due to the public danger of unfair competition, the level of which may be no less than that of cartels recognized as a threat to the country's economy.
Unbiased multivariate multiscale sample entropy
Authors: Li Wei-Jia , Shen Xiao-Hong , Li Ya-An ,   School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China,   Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Published: April 2024

The development of multi-channel data acquisition techniques has provided richer prior information for studying the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of complex systems. However, conventional nonlinear feature extraction algorithms prove unsuitable in the context of multi-channel data. Previously, the multivariate multiscale sample entropy (MMSE) algorithm was introduced for multi-channel data analysis. Although the MMSE algorithm generalized the multiscale sample entropy algorithm, presenting a novel method for multidimensional data analysis, it remains deficient in theoretical underpinning and suffers from shortcomings, such as missing cross-channel correlation information and having biased estimation results. In this paper, unbiased multivariate multiscale sample entropy algorithm (UMMSE) is proposed. UMMSE increases the embedding dimension from M to M + p. This increasing strategy facilitates the reconstruction of a deterministic phase space. By virtue of theoretical scrutiny grounded in probability theory and subsequent experimental validation, this paper illustrates the algorithm's effectiveness in extracting inter-channel correlation information through the integration of cross-channel conditional probabilities. The computation of similarities between sample points across different channels is recognized as a potential source of bias and instability in algorithms.Through simulation experiments, this study delineates the parameter selection range for the UMMSE algorithm. Subsequently, diverse simulation signals are employed to showcase the UMMSE algorithm’s efficacy in extracting both within-channel and cross-channel correlation information. Ultimately, this paper demonstrates that the new algorithm has the lowest computational cost compared with traditional MMSE algorithms.