bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Ginsenoside Rg3 Nanoparticles Against Ehrlich Solid Tumor Growth in Mice
Authors: El-Banna Mona A , Hendawy Omnia M , El-Nekeety Aziza A , Abdel-Wahhab Mosaad A.
Published: November 2021

Solid tumors are fairly common and face many clinical difficulties since they are hardly surgically resectable and broadly do not respond to radiation and chemotherapy. The current study aimed to fabricate ginsenoside Rg3 nanoparticles (Rg3-NPs) and evaluate their antitumor effect against Ehrlich solid tumors (EST) in mice. Rg3-NPs were fabricated using whey protein isolates (WPI), maltodextrin (MD), and gum Arabic (GA). EST was developed by the injection of mice with Ehrlich ascites cells (2.5 x 106). The mice were divided into a control group, EST group, and the EST groups that were treated orally 2 weeks for with normal Rg3 (3 mg/kg b.w), Rg3-NPs at a low dose (3 mg/kg b.w), and Rg3-NPs at a high dose (6 mg/kg b.w). Serum and solid tumors were collected for different assays. The results revealed that synthesized Rg3-NPs showed a spherical shape with an average particle size of 20 nm and zeta potential of -5.58 mV. The in vivo study revealed that EST mice showed a significant increase in AFP, Casp3, TNF-α, MMP-9, VEGF, MDA DNA damage accompanied by a significant decrease in SOD and GPx. Treatment with Rg3 or Rg3-NPs decreased the tumor weight and size and induced a significant improvement in all the biochemical parameters. Rg3-NPs were more effective than Rg3 and the improvement was dose-dependent. It could be concluded that fabrication of Rg3-NPs enhanced the protective effect against EST development which may be due to the synergistic effect of Rg3 and MD, GA, and WPI.
Methionine-stabilized nonclassical growth within self-assembled de novo gold nanoparticles in conjunction with secondary nucleation inhibition
Authors: Sahu Jitendra , Lone Shahbaz , Sadhu Kalyan
Published: November 2021

The key steps for seed mediated growth of noble metal nanoparticles involve primary and secondary nucleation, which depends upon the energy barrier and ligand supersaturation standards of the medium. Herein we report the unique case of methionine (Met) controlled growth reaction, which rather proceeds via impeding secondary nucleation in presence of citrate stabilized gold nanoparticle (AuNP). The interaction between freshly generated Au+ and thioether group of Met in the medium restricts the secondary nucleation process involving further Au+ reduction. This incomplete conversion of Au+ results in a significant enhancement of the zeta (ζ) potential even at low concentration of Met. Furthermore, the aurophilic interaction of Au+ controls the self-assembly process of the in situ generated emissive nucleated particles. Nucleation of primary particles on seed surface, their segregation and time dependent conversion to larger particles within self-assembly confirm the nonclassical growth, which has further been explored with Met containing bio-inspired peptides.
Global economic costs of herpetofauna invasions
Authors: Soto Ismael , Cuthbert Ross N. , Kouba Antonín , Capinha César , Turbelin Anna , Hudgins Emma J. , Diagne Christophe , Courchamp Franck , Haubrock Phillip J.
Published: November 2021

Biological invasions by amphibian and reptile species (i.e. herpetofauna) are numerous and widespread and have caused severe impacts on ecosystems, the economy and human health. However, there remains no synthesised assessment of the economic costs of these invasions. Therefore, using the most comprehensive database on the economic costs of invasive alien species worldwide (InvaCost), we analyse the costs caused by invasive alien herpetofauna according to taxonomic, geographic, sectoral and temporal dimensions, as well as the types of these costs. The cost of invasive herpetofauna totaled 17.0 billion US$ between 1986 and 2020, divided between 6.3 billion US$ for amphibians, 10.4 billion US$ for reptiles and 334 million US$ for mixed classes. However, these costs were associated predominantly with only two species (brown tree snake Boiga irregularis and American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus), with 10.3 and 6.0 billion US$ in costs, respectively. Costs for the remaining 19 reported species were relatively minor (< 0.6 billion US$), and they were entirely unavailable for over 94% of known invasive herpetofauna worldwide. Also, costs were positively correlated with research effort, suggesting research biases towards well-known taxa. So far, costs have been dominated by predictions and extrapolations (79%), and thus empirical observations for impact were relatively scarce. The activity sector most affected by amphibians was authorities-stakeholders through management (> 99%), while for reptiles, impact was reported mostly through damages to mixed sectors (65%). Geographically, Oceania and Pacific Islands recorded 63% of total costs, followed by Europe (35%) and North America (2%). Cost reports have generally increased over time. A greater effort in studying the costs of invasive herpetofauna is necessary for a more complete understanding of invasion impacts of these species. We emphasise the need for greater control and prevention policies concerning the spread of current and future invasive herpetofauna.
Laser Intensity Profile Based Terahertz Field Enhancement from a Mixture of Nano-Particles Embedded in a Gas
Authors: Varshney Prateek , Singh Akhileshwar Prasad , Kundu Mrityunjay , Gopal Krishna
Published: November 2021

Nano-particle embedded system plays an importance in developing of future terahertz (THz) radiation source for real-world applications. The laser interactions with nanoparticle embedded system can produce a wide range of THz radiation due to plasma oscillations excitation. We investigate THz field generation from the laser-beat wave interaction with a mixture of spherical and cylindrical graphite nanoparticles (NPs) in argon gas. Different laser intensity distributions such as Gaussian, cosh-Gaussian, flat-top and ring shape laser pulses have been studied in this work. The relevant plasmon resonance conditions with appropriate symmetry of spherical nanoparticles (SNPs) and cylindrical nanoparticles (CNPs) are discussed. THz field is enhanced upto the order of when the laser intensity redistributes along the polarization direction for a ring shape field envelope.
Characteristics of biological control and mechanisms of Pseudomonas chlororaphis zm-1 against peanut stem rot
Authors: Yang Shan , Xu Fenghua , Zhang Zhen , Lu Yifang , Liu Fengying , Zhang Juanmei , Wang Gang
Published: November 2021

BackgroundPeanut stem rot is a serious plant disease that causes great economic losses. At present, there are no effective measures to prevent or control the occurrence of this plant disease. Biological control is one of the most promising plant disease control measures. In this study, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca strain zm-1, a bacterial strain with potential biocontrol properties isolated by our team from the rhizosphere soil of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, was studied to control this plant disease. MethodsWe prepared extracts of P. chlororaphis zm-1 extracellular antibacterial compounds (PECEs), determined their antifungal activities by confrontation assay, and identified their components by UPLC-MS/MS. The gene knockout strains were constructed by homologous recombination, and the biocontrol efficacy of P. chlororaphis zm-1 and its mutant strains were evaluated by pot experiments under greenhouse conditions and plot experiments, respectively. ResultsP. chlororaphis zm-1 could produce extracellular antifungal substances and inhibit the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii, the main pathogenic fungus causing peanut stem rot. The components of PECEs identified by UPLC-MS/MS showed that three kinds of phenazine compounds, i.e., 1-hydroxyphenazine, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), and the core phenazine, were the principal components. In particular, 1-hydroxyphenazine produced by P. chlororaphis zm-1 showed antifungal activities against S. rolfsii, but the previously reported 2-hydroxyphenazine did not. The extracellular compounds of two mutant strains, ΔphzH and ΔphzE, was analysed and showed that ΔphzE did not produce any phenazine compounds, and ΔphzH no longer produced 1-hydroxyphenazine but could still produce PCA and phenazine. Furthermore, the antagonistic ability of ΔphzH declined, and that of ΔphzE was almost completely abolished. According to the results of pot experiments under greenhouse conditions, the biocontrol efficacy of ΔphzH dramatically declined to 47.21% compared with that of wild-type P. chlororaphis zm-1 (75.63%). Moreover, ΔphzE almost completely lost its ability to inhibit S. rolfsii (its biocontrol efficacy was reduced to 6.19%). The results of the larger plot experiments were also consistent with these results. ConclusionsP. chlororaphis zm-1 has the potential to prevent and control peanut stem rot disease. Phenazines produced and secreted by P. chlororaphis zm-1 play a key role in the control of peanut stem rot caused by S. rolfsii. These findings provide a new idea for the effective prevention and treatment of peanut stem rot.
A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy of machine learning models on mammography in breast cancer classification
Authors: Hanis Tengku Muhammad , Islam Md Asiful , Musa Kamarul Imran
Published: November 2021

In this meta-analysis, we aimed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of machine learning models on digital mammograms and tomosynthesis in breast cancer classification and to assess factors affecting its diagnostic accuracy. We searched for related studies in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase. The studies were screened in two stages to exclude unrelated studies and duplicates. Finally, 36 studies containing 68 machine learning models were included in this meta-analysis. The area under the curve (AUC), hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) curve, pooled sensitivity and pooled specificity were estimated using a bivariate Reitsma model. Overall AUC, pooled sensitivity and pooled specificity were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.85–0.90), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78–0.87) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.81–0.87), respectively. Additionally, the three significant covariates identified in this study were country (p=0.003), source (p=0.002) and classifier (p=0.016). Additionally, Deeks’ linear regression test indicated that there exists a publication bias in the included studies (p=0.002). Thus, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Increased Generosity Under COVID-19 Threat
Authors: Fridman Ariel , Gershon Rachel , Gneezy Ayelet
Published: November 2021

In the face of crises – wars, pandemics, and natural disasters – both increased selfishness and increased generosity may emerge. In this paper, we study the relationship between the presence of COVID-19 threat and generosity using a four-year longitudinal dataset (N = 696,942) capturing real donations made before and during the pandemic, as well as six-months dictator game allocations (N = 1,003 participants) made during the early months of the pandemic. Consistent with the notion of “catastrophe compassion” (Zaki 2020), and contrary to prior research showing a tendency toward self-interested behavior under threat, individuals across both datasets exhibited greater financial generosity when their county experienced COVID-19 threat. While we find that the presence of threat impacted individual giving, behavior was not sensitive to threat level. Our findings have significant societal implications and advance our understanding of economic and psychological theories of social preferences under threat.
A New Design of Pressure Sensor Based on a GaAs-based Two Dimensional Photonic Crystal Slab on SiO2 Substrate
Authors: Norouzi Saeide , fasihi kiazand
Published: November 2021

This paper reports the design and three dimensional (3D) simulation of a new photonic crystal (PC) pressure sensor. The device is constructed using a GaAs-based 2D PC slab on SiO2 substrate. The strain/stress simulations and also the spectral simulations are done using CST Studio Suite. In this investigation, the sensitivity of the proposed pressure sensor is calculated by considering the variation of the refractive index and also the deformation of the structure. The numerical results show that when pressure is applied, the refractive index variations cause an increment in the resonant wavelength of the transmission spectrum, but the deformation factor cause a decrease in the resonant wavelength. It has been shown that the relationship between the applied pressure and the resonant wavelength of the designed micro-cavity is linear. Based on the simulation results, the quality factor of the designed micro-cavity and the sensitivity of the pressure sensor are 2200 and 3.5 nm / GPa, respectively.
A community-based intervention approach to control disease outbreaks and climate-related deaths in communally raised goat kids in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Slayi Mhlangabezi , Zhou Leocadia , Tyasi Thobela Louis , Jaja Ishmael
Published: November 2021

A community-based intervention study was conducted, from April 2017 to March 2019, on 512 kids born from flocks of 30 purposively selected households in ten villages within Alice district of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of combined efforts from the research team and farmers to control disease outbreaks and climate change-related deaths. Diseases and climate-related deaths were diagnosed based on clinical signs, laboratory results and relevant necropsy records. One hundred and thirty two kids died in year-1, accounting for 56.17%, while sixty two kids died in year-2, accounting 22.38% for mortality rate. Seasonal prevalence of helminthosis (P=0.0058), diarrhea (P=0.0056) and acquired injuries (P=0.0044) to predatory attacks predisposed to various causes of mortalities. Tick loads were only recorded (P=0.0069) to kids older than 90 days. Death due to heartwater (P=<0.0001) was prevalent to kids older than 90 days during hot-dry and hot-wet seasons. Gastrointestinal problems (P=0.0024) were recorded throughout the year irrespective (P=0.0080) of the age group. Wound-related deaths were enrolled throughout (P= 0.0042) the four seasons. Kids younger than 45 days died from pneumonia (P=0.0003) and hypothermia (P=0.0058) during cold-dry months. Does in parity 1 were the only victims to abortions (P=0.0002), stillbirths (P=<0.0001) and dystocia (P=<0.0001). A decline in kid mortalities in year-2 indicates that the approach was a moderate success. However, this requires further consideration regarding affordability and accessibility prior to implementing the intervention model at a broader scale.
Engineered PAM-flexible FnCas9 variants for robust and specific genome editing and diagnostics
Authors: Acharya Sundaram , Ansari Asgar , Hirano Seiichi , Paul Deepanjan , Rauthan Riya , Kumar Manoj , Phutela Rhythm , Sarkar Sajal , Gulati Sneha , Mahato Sudipta , Maddileti Savitri , Pulimamidi Vinay , Mariappan Indumathi , Nishimasu Hiroshi , Nureki Osamu , Maiti Souvik , Chakraborty Debojyoti
Published: November 2021

The clinical success of CRISPR therapies is dependent on the safety and efficacy ofCas proteins. The Cas9 from Francisella novicida (FnCas9) has negligible affinity formismatched substrates enabling it to discriminate off-targets in DNA with very highprecision even at the level of binding. However, its cellular targeting efficiency is low,limiting its use in therapeutic applications. Here, we rationally engineer the protein todevelop engineered(enFnCas9) variants with enhanced activity and expand its cellularediting activity to genomic loci previously inaccessible. Notably, some of the variantsrelease the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) constraint from NGG to NGR/NRGmaking them rank just below SpCas9-RY and SpCas9-NG in their accessibility acrosshuman genomic sites. The enFnCas9 proteins, similar to Cas12a and Cas12f, harborhigh intrinsic specificity and can diagnose single nucleotide variants accurately.Importantly, they provide superior outcomes in terms of editing efficiency, knock-inrates, and off-target specificity over other engineered high-fidelity versions of SpCas9(SpCas9-HF1 and eSpCas9). Broad targeting range coupled with remarkablespecificity of DNA interrogation underscores the utility of these variants for safe andefficient therapeutic gene correction across multiple cell lines and target loci.
Darboux Transformation, Exact Solutions and Conservation Laws for the Reverse Space-Time Fokas-Lenells Equation
Authors: Song Jiang-Yan , Xiao Yu , Zhang Chi-Ping
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we firstly deduce a reverse space-time Fokas-Lenells equation which can be derived from a rather simple but extremely important symmetry reduction of corresponding local equation. Next, the determinant representations of one-fold Darboux transformation and N-fold Darboux transformation are expressed in detail by special eigenfunctions of spectral problem. Depending on zero seed solution and nonzero seed solution, exact solutions, including bright soliton solutions, kink solutions, periodic solutions, breather solutions, rogue wave solutions and several types of mixed soliton solutions, can be presented. Furthermore, the dynamical behaviors are discussed through some figures. It should be mentioned that the solutions of nonlocal Fokas-Lenells equation possess new characteristics different from the ones of local case. Besides, we also demonstrate the integrability by providing infinitely many conservation laws. The above results provide an alternative possibility to understand physical phenomena in the field of nonlinear optics, and related fields.
Integrability and Multisoliton Solutions of the Reverse Space or/and Time Nonlocal Fokas-Lenells (FL) Equation
Authors: Zhang Wen-Xin , Liu Yaqing
Published: November 2021

This paper studies reverse space or/and time nonlocal Fokas-Lenells (FL) equation, which describes the propagation of nonlinear light pulses in monomode optical fibers when certain higher-order nonlinear effects are considered, by Hirota bilinear method. Firstly, variable transformations from reverse space nonlocal FL equation to reverse time and reverse space-time nonlocal FL equations are constructed. Secondly, the one-, two- and three-soliton solutions of the reverse space nonlocal FL equation are derived through Hirota bilinear method, and the soliton solutions of reverse time and reverse space-time nonlocal FL equations are given through variable transformations. Dynamical behaviors of the multisoliton solutions are discussed in detail by analyzing their wave structures. Thirdly, asymptotic analysis of two- and three-soliton solutions of reverse space nonlocal FL equation is used to investigated the elastic interaction and inelastic interaction. At last, the Lax integrability and conservation laws of three types of nonlocal FL equations is studied. The results obtained in this paper possess new properties that different from the ones for FL equation, which are useful in exploring novel physical phenomena of nonlocal systems in nonlinear media.
Impact of the Gamma Variant on the ICU Admission in a Hospital of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA), Argentina
Authors: Mandich Veronica , Chiacchiara Daniel , Bravo Marcelo , Pilipec Antonio , Grimaldi Santiago , Cotez Johnny , Paniouk Victor , Arevalo Henry , Escobar Oswaldo , Flach Sebastian Perez , Pozo Amilcar Herbas , Aimar Alejandro , Vargas Mario , Zañudo Karina
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Comparison between patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with ventilatory support during the first and second wave (Gamma variant) of COVID 19 in a tertiary hospital in the City of Buenos Aires.Method: Descriptive, observational, prospective cohort study in ICU of an acute general hospital in Argentina, with patients adult patients COVID-19 admitted consecutively to the ICU. The ICU the main variables of interest: Demographic and laboratory data, history, duration of MV, mortality.Results: 44 patients were recruited during the first wave, and 80 in the second. Significant differences were observed in the second wave for age (60, [SD 11]; vs 68 [SD 11]; p <0.01), days with symptoms (9 [SD 5]; vs 4.5 [SD 3]; p <0.01), duration of MV (10 days [SD 7]; vs 16 [SD 13]; p <0.01), Ferritin (1450 mcg / l [SD 547]; vs 941 mcg / l [ SD 593]; p 0.04) and use of antibiotics (97% vs 45% p <0.01). There was no difference in mortality (66% vs 78% p 0.14) but there was in its primary causes; being more frequent hypoxemia associated with sepsis in the second wave (40% vs 3.4% p <0.01) and hypoxemia and multiorgan failure in the first (28% vs 4% p <0.01).Conclusions: During the second wave of the pandemic, due to Gamma variant, more patients were admitted to our unit, younger, with a longer evolution time, a shorter time on MV and a greater inflammatory response, with no difference in mortality, although there was a difference in its causes.
Filmgespräche und Contact-sheets als Mittel der Analyse von Dokumentarfilmen des Uncontrolled Cinema
Authors:   , Michaelis Andy
Published: November 2021

In dieser Arbeit betrachte ich den Herstellungsprozess von Dokumentarfilmen aus der subjektiven Sicht der Filmemacher. Anhand von ausgewählten Filmen hinterfrage ich die Umstände ihrer Entstehung. Es ist eine Filmgespräch zentrierte Arbeit. Bevor ich den Filmemacher oder die Filmemacherin besuche schaue ich mir einige seiner Filme an und spreche dann gezielt über ein, zwei oder drei verschiedene Filmprojekte mit ihm. Ich nehme den Filmemacher mit der Kamera auf und bin dabei gleichzeitig auch Gesprächspartner. Zu Beginn meiner Arbeit wurde mir einmal geraten, doch mit Büchern zu arbeiten und auf Interviews zurückzugreifen, die schon verschriftlicht worden sind. Doch jedes Buch verfolgt seine eigene Agenda, seine eigene Zielsetzung, und der Herstellungsprozess wird meistens nur fragmentarisch behandelt. Das Filmemachen ist eine gesellschaftliche ästhetische Praxis, die sehr komplex ist und sehr vielen Einflüssen unterliegt, wie zum Beispiel 1.) ständig wechselnde Orte, an denen ein Filmteam über einen längeren Zeitraum zusammenarbeitet; 2.) Protagonisten, mit denen man über einen längeren oder kürzeren Zeitraum etwas zu tun hat und wodurch sich auch noch nach den Dreharbeiten Freundschaften entwickeln können; 3.) das Arbeiten mit einer Kamera- und Tontechnik, die sich immer wieder verändert, wodurch man sich auf neue Technik einlassen muss und lernen muss, damit umzugehen; 4.) finanzielle Probleme, weil das Filmemachen als freier Filmemacher teuer ist und Fördermittel beantragt werden müssen; 5.) die Frage, ob mit dem gefilmten Bildmaterial am Ende eine Geschichte erzählt werden kann und ob die Protagonisten sich damit wohl fühlen.
Border security Wireless Integrated Network Sensor attack resistance analysis by integral cryptanalysis of AES cipher
Authors: Florin Medeleanu
Published: November 2021

Wireless Integrated Network Sensor (WINS) make available monitoring and control capabilities for surveying the borders of a country. Applying these capabilities the illegal persons which cross the border by trespassing or unlawful activities which occur in a protected area can be easily identified. In order to achieve this objective, the protected area is split into a number of nodes. Each node communicates with each other and with the central node by the means of secured communication channels. In order to securely transmit the information to and from the nodes in a real system the cryptographic algorithm AES is often used. Integral cryptanalysis is an attack that makes use of chosen-plaintext and can subvert the security of cryptographic algorithm. This paper reports on analysis and results of integral cryptanalysis or square attack on a 4 round reduced version of the AES cipher (mini-AES).
The quality of port services – an important factor in port competition
Authors: Nistor F
Published: November 2021

Considering that transport on water is used in very high proportion in international trade, the port industry is particularly important for economies of countries with coastlines. The role of ports for the national or even regional economies forces the stakeholders involved in port administration to manage the activities and services offered by ports carefully. An important aspect of the port industry that can be observed or even measured is the quality offered to customers. Customer perception regarding the quality of port infrastructures is an indicator measured annually by the World Economic Forum. By considering the processes in a port, this paper studies the components of quality, the role played by automation, digitization in the evolution of port services quality and how customer perception can ensure port competitiveness.
The Major Determinants of International Financial Markets’ Functional Efficiency
Authors: Catalin Popa
Published: November 2021

The financial market dynamics as part of International Monetary and Financial System (IMFS), become very relevant and important at least due to the last two last decades experiences, when the excessive diversification, the lack of regulation and weaker monitoring policy implementation have marked on negative manner the market game, disrespecting the economic rationales on regional and global level. On the present paperwork, the authors have aimed to describe the most relevant functional determinants of the market efficiency, with the reference of market value assessment, risk diversification tendencies and capital allocation process. Following the proposed theoretical model comprising the market efficiency variables, the article conclusions are focused on functional depiction of International Monetary and Financial System dynamics and its sensibilities related to the market game and speculations.
Aspects of Optimizing the Magneto Hydrodynamic Naval Thrusters
Authors: V Dobref
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the authors analyze several problems relating to the efficiency of an MHD thruster. In this regard have been defined, calculated and shown by graphs the propulsive efficiency as a function of the magnetic field flux density, used for different thruster sizes. Finally, it was draw the conclusions about the number of necessary thrusters for a maximal efficiency.
Adaptation of the Adlerian Personality Priority Assessment into Turkish
Authors: GÜNGÖR Abdi , DILLMAN TAYLOR Dalena
Published: November 2021

Personality priorities are important concepts in Adlerian theory, contributing to understanding and conceptualizing clients’ lifestyles. Even though Adlerian psychology promises multicultural applications and has been interested in Turkey, no instrument measuring personality priorities has been developed or adapted into Turkish. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to adapt the Adlerian Personality Priority Assessment (APPA) into Turkish and examine its psychometric properties with a sample of Turkish undergraduate students. This study was conducted in three steps. In the first step, a linguistic equivalence test was performed with a sample of 73 students enrolled at the Department of English Language Education. In the second step, the structure of the APPA was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with a sample of 1,279 undergraduate students. In the final step, test-retest reliability was tested with a sample of 93 undergraduate students within 4-week interval. The results of the linguistic equivalency study revealed that translations were linguistically and culturally proper. According to the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the Turkish form of the APPA consisted of 24 items loaded with four factors consistent with the original form. The results also revealed good levels of internal and test-retest reliabilities. The findings of this study showed that the Turkish form of the APPA is a valid and reliable instrument, and it can be used in research and practice with Turkish populations. The results and limitations were discussed, along with implications for future research and practice.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Initial Return 1 Hari, Return 1 bulan, dan Pengaruh Terhadap Return 1 Tahun Setelah IPO
Authors: Emilia Emilia , Sulaiman Lucky , Sembel Roy
Published: November 2021

There are some anomalies happenning when the shares are traded in the secondary market or stock exchange. When the shares price at the secondary market is higher than the primary market, then we say that there is a positive initial return or underpricing happened. The opposite is negative initial return or overpricing. The purpose of this research is to to study whether the underwriter’s reputation, auditor’s reputation, value of the share offering, percentage of the share offering, and earnings per share towards the IPO price influence the one day initial return, one month return, and one year return after the IPO. The objects of the research are 92 companies that went public through the Jakarta stock exchange market during 1999-2005 that had either positive or negative initial return. This research is done using multiple regression analysis with F Test, t Test, R2 Test, and classic assumption testing. The result indicates that only the value of the share offering variable that significantly influence the one day initial return and one month initial return negatively. For the one year return regression model, only the one month return that significantly influence the return one year after the IPO positively. It can be concluded that the higher the value of the share offering the smaller the one day initial return and one month initial return will be, and thus minimizing the positive initial return. Furthermore, the higher the one month initial return the higher also the one year return after the IPO.
Analisis Kinerja Reksa Dana Saham Dengan Metode Raw Return, Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen dan Sortino
Authors: Simforianus Simforianus , Hutagaol Yanthi
Published: November 2021

Mutual Fund (Reksa Dana) can be used as one of the investment alternatives besides personal saving, time deposit, shares and bond. Mutual fund is an investment that has a form as a collective contract investment and managed by the profesionals. From various mutual funds in Indonesia, the investor should choose the mutual fund that they want to invest in. The problem is the type of indicators that the investor can use to choose the mutual funds. The writer did research with 16 equity-based mutual funds in Indonesia with the period from December 31, 2002 to December 31, 2007. Firstly, the writer measures all mutual funds according to their performance, which is based on raw return, Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen and Sortino. Mutual funds with above average performance are considered as superior mutual funds. Afterwards, whether there is any consistency in the performance is checked by using probabilistic method and Chi Squared test. Then, ranking will be made started with the best to the worst mutual funds. The candidates for the best mutual funds are the mutual funds that achieve the superior level at least three times during the six years of the research period. The best mutual fund is the mutual fund which obtains the highest rank according to the five methods above. Probabilistic method indicates a high consistency level with an average of 71.50%. This result is supported by the chi squared test, where the hyphotesis that stated that there is a consistency between mutual fund performances can be proven. The final result is the rank of equity-based mutual funds in Indonesia. The following is the rank of the mutual funds with superior performance: Fortis Pesona, Schroder Prestasi Plus, Dana Reksa Mawar, Fortis Ekuitas, Trim Kapital, Panin Dana Maksima, Si Dana Saham, Rencana Cerdas dan Bahana Dana Prima.
Financial Planning Determination of Retirement Fund for Indonesian People: The Significant of Expenses Ratio
Authors: Liman Nathan , Hananto Ligwina Poerwo
Published: November 2021

Many Indonesian people do not have individual retirement fund. They think that their expenses in retirement years can be paid by their children. Although it is a good opportunity for younger people to look after their parents, it can be a burdensome to some of the people who do not have stable income for themselves. It is unfortunate that not all Indonesian people are aware of the individual retirement fund. Furthermore, even if they knew about individual retirement fund, they would not give the contribution to make individual retirement fund. Moreover, there is limitation on information on the website and local book to guide Indonesian people to have and calculate his/her individual retirement fund. The purpose of this research is to help Indonesian people to aware about total individual retirement fund by calculating their individual retirement fund. In order to calculate individual retirement fund, they must know the expenses ratio, inflation rate, net interest rate, productive years, and retirement years. These five variables will help them to give the formula to calculate the individual retirement fund. Due to limitation of time and data, this thesis will only give more emphasis in expenses ratio, because it has significant level of determining total individual retirement fund that will differ from one to another person. The result of this thesis explains the relationship between each variable toward the individual retirement fund by doing sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, this thesis guides Indonesian people step-by-step to calculate individual retirement fund by using spreadsheet, such as Microsoft Excel.
Correlation Analysis between Jakarta Composite Index and LQ45 Index With Net Asset Value of Equity Mutual Fund and Balanced Mutual Fund
Authors: Halim Johan , Surya Sherly Meilintan
Published: November 2021

Subprime mortgage is one factor causes world economic in crisis. The impact has stroke the stock exchange world wide, included Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI).The investors who are investing in the instrument of Stocks and Mutual Fund are having consequences of global financial crisis and index prices drops. In Indonesia, Mutual Fund is guaranteed by the BAPEPAM with the Act of Capital Market no.8, 1995 (Undang-Undang Pasar Modal). The main purposes of the research is to analyze JCI and LQ 45 index with Equity Mutual Fund and Balanced Mutual Fund in terms of risk and return, sharpe ratio, correlation and whether the JCI and LQ 45 are linked together over time with Vector Autoregression (VAR). Types of research methodology are using secondary research method and analysis method. In return, Equity Mutual Fund has a higher return than Balanced Mutual Fund because the portfolio diversification consists of money market and equity, but in Balanced Mutual Fund there is also bond as portfolio. In risk, Equity Mutual Fund is more risky than Balanced Mutual Fund as compensation with higher return. Sharpe ratio is used to measure the performance of mutual fund. The higher the Sharpe ratio, the better the fund's historical risk-adjusted performance. In VAR, both Equity Mutual Fund and Balanced Mutual Fund will affect by both JCI and LQ 45 Index.
THE BALANCED SCORECARD AS A STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE CONTROL TOOL AND ITS LINK TO THE ECONOMIC PROFIT MEASUREMENT- EVA AND MVA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Krishnan Anbalagan , Ravindran R.
Published: November 2021

The organizational performance measurement and control system is vital to sustain the business in all economic environments. Organization requires a control system that measures the performance strategically. This paper gathers the literature discussion of one such popular integrated strategic performance control system, the balanced scorecard approach (BSC).  The discussion focuses on BSC approach on facilitating the implementation of organizational strategic and its link to the economic profit measures. Two popular economic profit measures, the Economic Value Added (EVA) and Market Value Added (MVA) are discussed in detail from various researchers point of view. The paper highlights the difference between these two measures and difference with the Return on Investment (ROI). The limitation of the economic profit measure is also highlighted in the discussion. As conclusion the link between the BSC strategic performance control tool and the economic profit measures are noted. This paper provides detailed discussions of both BSC strategic tool and economic profit measures based on literature review.
VALUE-AT-RISK (VAR) APPLICATION AT HYPOTHETICAL PORTFOLIOS IN JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX
Authors: Tamara Dewi , Ryabtsev Grigory
Published: November 2021

The paper is an exploratory study to apply the method of historical simulation based on the concept of Value at Risk on hypothetical portfolios on Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). Value at Risk is a tool to measure a portfolio’s exposure to market risk. We construct four portfolios based on the frequencies of the companies in Jakarta Islamic Index on the period of 1 January 2008 to 2 August 2010. The portfolio A has 12 companies, Portfolio B has 9 companies, portfolio C has 6 companies and portfolio D has 4 companies. We put the initial investment equivalent to USD 100 and use the rate of 1 USD=Rp 9500. The result of historical simulation applied in the four portfolios shows significant increasing risk on the year 2008 compared to 2009 and 2010. The bigger number of  the member in one portfolio also affects the VaR compared to smaller member. The level of confidence 99% also shows bigger loss compared to 95%. The historical simulation shows the simplest method to estimate the event of increasing risk in Jakarta Islamic Index during the Global Crisis 2008.
ANALISIS PENGARUH RISIKO KREDIT TERHADAP IMBAL HASIL SAHAM PERBANKAN DI BURSA EFEK JAKARTA PERIODE TAHUN 2001-2005
Authors: Rahardjo Siane Handayani , Sophy2 Ingrid Maya , Fardiansyah Tedy
Published: November 2021

Banks have an important role in the economy and serves as a financial intermediary. Credit risk, as one of indicator of the health of the bank, is an interest of all stakeholders including investors stock. This study was conducted to determine the effect of credit risk on bank stock returns listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange. The sampling method performed on 8 banks for a sample of meeting the requirements of the study. Credit risk data consisting of CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio), NPL (Non Performing Loans) and PPAP (Removal of Assets Allowance) financial ratios derived from the quarterly during January 2001-December 2005. The stock prices are taken from the weekly closing stock price data weekly during January 2001-December 2005. Tests using multiple regressions were conducted to determine the effect of credit risk on stock returns. The results show that jointly or individually no significant effect on credit risk with stock returns.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN PENGGUNAAN SISTEM INFORMASI PERKREDITAN (STUDI KASUS: KOPERASI PERUMAHAN WANABAKTI NUSANTARA)
Authors: S. M. Fajriyansyah , Abdurachman Edi
Published: November 2021

In the dynamic aviation business, change is a difficult thing to avoid, especially when it comes to the use of information technology. However, when information technology has been used, many problems can emerge and it is important to comply with the needs and expectations of management, as the company has often allocated large budgets for development. The users also need to know whether it meets their expectations or not. Measurements will be performed by comparing the independent variables of Informativeness, Information Format, Ease of Use, Timeliness and Reliability, as well as user aspects divided into a wide variety of factors, namely Age, Work Experience, , Background Department of Education, Training, and Old Computer Usage. Analysis was conducted on the gap analysis, linear regression analysis, and chi-square analysis. From the analyses there was found to be a significant gap between performance and user expectations in the KPWN credit information system. The regression analysis found that the only variable significantly related to user satisfaction was Reliability, and the chi-square analysis found that Educational Background significantly influenced user satisfaction.
VALUE RELEVANCE OF BANK OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Wong Yulina
Published: November 2021

The objective of the paper is to examine the value relevance of the disclosure of bank operating performance, as regulated by Bank of Indonesia. There are five operating performance ratios (CAR, NIM, BOPO, LDR, NPL) are examined in this study. The valuation model, then, also includes earnings and market condition, as control variables. The sample firms are bank that are listed in IDX during period 2005-2010, which consists of 144 observations. The result shows that some observations had performance measures below or above Bank of Indonesia’s acceptable ratio ranges. The analysis shows that only NIM is regarded as a relevant valuation factor. CAR and BOPO are less relevant, when earnings are used as control variables. Earnings and market condition are positively related to market value of the banks. This concludes that market is indifferent in their valuation approach to banking industry and other industries.
FINANCIAL RESTRUCTURING DRIVEN BY SINGLE PRESENCE POLICY (SPP) (A CASE STUDY MERGER AT PT. BANK NIAGA TBK AND LIPPO BANK TBK)
Authors: Kristanto Mikael Rommy , Sihotang Parulian
Published: November 2021

The issuance of Single Ownership Policy stated in PBI No. 8/16//PBI/2006 has an implication on the controlling shareholders in more than one bank. The shareholders are given three choices to make adjustment of their structure of ownership in order to match it with the single ownership policy. One of the choices available is merger. At one side, merger can increase its capital and minimize the number of existing banks. On the order side, merger can also result in monopoly that inflicts loss to the fair business competition. The first objective of Financial Restructuring or Merger is to take measures that avert the impending insolvency and that ensure the sort-term survival of the business. This is the prerequisite for a sustainable restructuring process. The medium and long term goal of financial restructuring is reestablishment of a healthy and solid capital structure. In Bank Niaga and Lippo Bank merger process was driven by Single Presence Policy which normatively obligates the controlling share holders of a bank to consolidate its share possession by divesting their share, merging or even forming a holding company. One of the existing controlling share holder by far already got impacted by this policy is Khazanah National Berhad, a foreign investor from Malaysia, who used to control Bank Niaga and Lippo Bank. The SPP indicated its implementation in Indonesia, which foremost align with vision of Indonesian Banking Architecture which is to designate healthy, strong and dynamic national banking structure.
RELATIVE VALUATION MODEL ANALYSIS OF IDX
Authors: Inezwari Dian K.
Published: November 2021

There are various valuation models can be used by investors in order to predict the stock value. This paper focuses on the Relative Valuation Model, which is the popular model used by investors as it is easier to use compared to other models. The aim of this paper is to compare the prediction accuracy of various ratios in the model. Ratios examined in this paper are Price to Earning (PE), Price to Book Value (PBV), Price to Cash Flow (PCF), and Price to Sales (PS). Using the LQ45 listed stocks during period 2006 – 2010, it is found that, overall, PBV appears to be the best ratio to predict LQ45 stocks in Indonesian equity market. However, mixed results are found in the yearly analysis, in which PE, PBV, and PCF result in lower prediction errors, in different years. In the sector industry analysis, both PE and PBV are the best predictors in three sectors each. The descriptive analysis is supported by the hypo research testing that shows the accuracy of examined ratios is different. The research result implication is that investors should take time and sectors into the account before choosing a single ratio as a predictor.
Mengatasi Anak Tantrum Dengan Media Melukis Pada Masa Pandemi
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Afrianingsih Anita
Published: November 2021

Temper trantum merupakan suatu bentuk luapan emosi yang tidak terkontrol pada anak. Masih Banyak di Indonesia orangtua belum  mengenal istilah ini, namun sangat akrab dengan perilaku yang ditunjukkan anak saat mengalami temper tantrum seperti menangis keras-keras, berteriak, menjerit, memukul, menggigit, mencubit, menendang, serta melempar badan ke lantai. Covid-19 telah resmi menjadi pandemi di Dunia. Sejak di tetapkannya pandemi ini banyak sekali aktivitas yang berubah mulai dari pekerjaan,  sekolah bahkan kehidupan sehari-hari pun berubah. Kegiatan yang dilakukan di rumah saja berdampak cukup besar kepada siswa, diantaranya adalah mereka harus belajar dari rumah. Belajar dari rumah secara Daring membuat siswa harus beradaptasi secara ekstrim perubahan gaya belajar mereka. Hal ini menimbulkan kecemasan pada siswa, karena mereka tidak bisa bersosialiasai dan bermain bersama teman seperti biasa, berkurangnya bimbingan dari guru, orang tua yang kurang mampu memberikan bimbingan belajar, membuat siswa panik karena takut tidak dapat pencapai target belajar mereka sebelumnya. Anak usia dini merupakan anak yang baru belajar mengenal dirinya sendiri, termasuk sosial emosionalnya. Pada masa ini pula anak-anak baru mengenal perasaan senang, sedih, marah, kecewa dan sebagainya.  anak usia dini masih belum mampu mengelola dan mengekspresikan emosinya secara wajar. Konselor dalam sesi konseling harus memiliki berbagai cara keterampilan untuk membantu mengungkap permasalahan ataupun keinginan konseli, salah satu cara mengungkap permasalahan konseli dapat dilakukan menggunakan lukisan. Lukisan sangat tepat untuk mengepresikan berbagai hal yang sulit diungkapkan konseli secara verbal maupun tulisan Konseling yang baik adalah dengan seni, karena lebih selaras dengan humaniora dibandingkan dengan ilmu pengetahuan (Hansen, 2012). Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan metode Observasi dan tindakan orang tua. Pada penelitian ini subyek menangis karena tidak ingin mengerjakan PR BDRnya daningin bermain dengan memandikan ayamnya, akan tetapi orangtuanya mencegahnya sehingga ia menangis dan melempar-lempar barang yang ada di sekitarnya. Dalam penelitian ini konseling memberikan terapi Melukis Pada subyek dan subyek merespon dengan baik.
Weak fault feature extraction of rolling element bearing based on variational mode extraction and multi-objective information fusion band-pass filter
Authors: Wang Hongchao , Du Wenliao , Li Haiyi , Li Zhiwei , Hu Jiale
Published: November 2021

Aiming at solving the difficulty in extracting early weak fault features of rolling element bearing (REB), a feature extraction method by combing variational mode extraction (VME) with multi-objective information fusion band-pass filter (MIFBF) is proposed. This method is based on the advantage of the VME in filtering out the interference signals and the enhancement effect of the MIFBF on the impact characteristic signals. Firstly, VME is used as the signal preprocessing method to filter out the interference noise. Then, the filtered signal is taken as the target signal, and then MIFBF is used to analyze it to obtain the optimal band-pass filter parameters-center Frequency and bandwidth, thereby constructing the optimal band-pass filter. Finally, further filter the target signal based on the constructed optimal band-pass filter and apply envelope demodulation spectral (EDS) analysis on the filtered signal. At last, satisfactory fault feature extraction effect can be achieved. To obtain key parameters of the optimal band-pass filter, this paper proposes a method based on time and frequency domain fusion indexes to balance the extraction of impact characteristics and cyclostationary characteristics while REB failure occurs. Compared with the existed single index based on time domain or frequency domain, better results could be obtained. Effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified through simulation and experiments.