bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BLOOD FLOW IN ARISTOTLE
Authors: Bubb Claire
Published: August 2020

Modern readers view ancient theories of blood flow through the lens of circulation. Since the nineteenth century, scholarly work on the ancient understanding of the vascular system has run the gamut from attempting to prove that an ancient author had in fact, to some extent or another, pre-empted Harvey's discovery of the circulation of the blood or towards attempting, often with some empathetic embarrassment, to explain the failure on the part of an ancient author to notice something that seems so obvious to the modern eye. Thus C.R.S. Harris's 1973 book The Heart and Vascular System in Ancient Greek Medicine, which remains the standard on the topic, opens with a sentence in which he marvels at how the otherwise admirable ancient Greek physicians could have ‘failed entirely to arrive at any conception of the circulation of the blood’. This modern vantage point has had an unfortunate effect. In the case of Aristotle in particular, understanding of his cardiovascular system has been diminished by a tendency to define it in contradistinction to our own modern understanding of circulation. By deliberately uncoupling from the framework of modern physiology, this paper will offer a richer and more accurate picture of his views.
Endoparasitic diversity from the Southern Ocean: is it really low in Antarctic fish?
Authors: Muñoz G. , Cartes F.D.
Published: August 2020

The biodiversity and composition of endoparasites in fish obtained from the Antarctic and subantarctic zones are compared in this study. Several fish were collected in the summer from Antarctica (King George Island) and the Southern Pacific coast (Strait of Magellan and Almirante Montt Gulf). This database was complemented with published information on fish endoparasite communities from both zones, with specimens of fish sample sizen≥ 15. Thus, 31 fish species were analysed in this study, which altogether had 79 parasite species. Diversity indices were calculated for the parasite community of each fish species. Then they were compared between the Antarctic and subantarctic zones. Parasite species composition and host specificity (as the number of fish species used by a parasite species) were also analysed and compared between zones. The diversity indices and the abundance of parasites were significantly higher in the Antarctic than the subantarctic fish. Few parasite species (7.6%) were shared between fish from both zones, showing significant differences in parasite composition. Antarctic parasites were less host-specific than subantarctic parasites, which allowed the coexistence of several parasite species in the fish. The high parasite abundance in Antarctic fish could trigger sympatric speciation in certain parasitic lineages or the exploitation of new resources, resulting in more parasite species than those in subantarctic environments. The high abundance of Antarctic parasites implies different methods and rates of transmission than those of subantarctic parasites. In addition, more alternative fish hosts were used by the Antarctic than subantarctic parasites. This altogether indicates that host–parasite interaction dynamics significantly differ between the Antarctic and subantarctic systems.
Atypical context-dependent speech processing in autism
Authors: Yu Alan Chi Lun , To Carol Kit Sum
Published: August 2020

The ability to take contextual information into account is essential for successful speech processing. This study examines individuals with high-functioning autism and those without in terms of how they adjust their perceptual expectation while discriminating speech sounds in different phonological contexts. Listeners were asked to discriminate pairs of sibilant-vowel monosyllables. Typically, discriminability of sibilants increases when the sibilants are embedded in perceptually enhancing contexts (if the appropriate context-specific perceptual adjustment were performed) and decreases in perceptually diminishing contexts. This study found a reduction in the differences in perceptual response across enhancing and diminishing contexts among high-functioning autistic individuals relative to the neurotypical controls. The reduction in perceptual expectation adjustment is consistent with an increase in autonomy in low-level perceptual processing in autism and a reduction in the influence of top-down information from surrounding information.
(Non-)Stereotypical representations of older people in Swedish authority-managed social media
Authors: Xu Wenqian
Published: August 2020

Social media facilitates the sharing of ideas, thoughts and information about older people and later life through online networks and communities in contemporary society. Social media content about older people has become important for understanding media representations of older people, but it has not been sufficiently studied. Recent studies suggest that older people are predominantly represented as a disempowered, vulnerable and homogeneous group on social media sites, such as Facebook and Twitter. Because local authorities in many countries have begun using Facebook to reach out to and interact with citizens, they are seen as a significant producer of media content about older people and later life. The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which Swedish local authorities have visually portrayed older people in their use of Facebook compared with other age groups. This research performed a visual content analysis of 1,000 Facebook posts posted by 33 Swedish local authorities, employing ten analytical aspects to describe and interpret the signs, activities and contexts associated with older people and other age groups (infants, children, adolescents and adults). The study found that the representations of older people on the Facebook pages of local authorities appeared to be not very diverse; specifically, older people (including those in residential care homes) were mainly portrayed as remaining socially engaged and moderately physically capable. This media representation destabilised the prevalent negative stereotypes of older people as being out of touch and dependent; however, it collided with the reality of older individuals with care needs. Additionally, this study argues that older people are represented as inferior to the young in terms of physical and technological competence, based on the connotations of the signs. Given that local authorities have progressively incorporated social media into their daily work, it is expected that this study will contribute to a greater understanding of the ways in which local authorities produce (non-)stereotypical representations of older people on social media.
Opaque distributional generalisations in Tundra Nenets
Authors: Staroverov Peter
Published: August 2020

Based on primary data from Tundra Nenets, this paper explores phonological patterns which seem to require restrictions on the input, and thus present a particular challenge to Optimality Theory. In these patterns, a contrastive segment appears only in the environments where it is also derived by active alternations in the language. I illustrate this with the behaviour of Tundra Nenets /k/, and argue that these patterns can be analysed as distributional generalisations that hold only at early derivational levels. A Stratal OT analysis is proposed. Tundra Nenets also presents a pattern which appears to involve unnatural classes, but is reanalysed with only natural class alternations in my account.
Dietary patterns, foods and nutrients: a descriptive analysis of the systematic reviews conducted to inform the Australian Dietary Guidelines
Authors: Wingrove Kate , Lawrence Mark A. , McNaughton Sarah A.
Published: August 2020

Dietary guidelines should be underpinned by the best available evidence on relationships between diet and health, including evidence from nutrient-based, food-based and dietary patterns research. The primary aim of the present study was to analyse the systematic reviews conducted to inform the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines according to dietary exposure. The secondary aim was to analyse the reviews by health outcome, and design of included studies. To identify the systematic reviews, the dietary guidelines report was used as a starting point and relevant references were retrieved. The evidence report contained the data used in this analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse reviews according to exposure, outcome, and design of included studies. A total of 143 systematic reviews were included in this analysis. Foods were the most common exposure (86·7 % of reviews), followed by nutrients (10·5 %) and dietary patterns (2·8 %). Chronic disease morbidity and/or mortality was the most common outcome (80·4 %), followed by chronic disease risk factors (19·6 %). Most reviews included evidence from cohort or nested case–control studies (92·3 %), many included evidence from case–control studies (61·5 %) and some included evidence from randomised controlled trials (28·7 %). These results reflect the research questions that were asked, the systematic review methods that were used, and the evidence that was available. In developing future iterations of the Australian Dietary Guidelines, there is an opportunity to review the latest evidence from dietary patterns research.
Venous duct stenting in a 940-gram infant with infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Authors: Hope Kyle D. , Lahiri Subhrajit , Qureshi Athar M.
Published: August 2020

An extremely low birthweight infant (940 grams) with a rare variant of obstructed infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous return underwent stenting of the venous duct as bridge to later surgical intervention. While technically challenging, this procedure represents a bridge to surgery for infants who might otherwise not be surgical candidates.
Myocardial infarction in a child with multiple coronary aneurysms and neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Isabelle Piazza , Gianluca Pontone , Paolo Ferrero
Published: August 2020

Vascular involvement in neurofibromatosis type 1 has been described, although coronary artery disease is rare. Data about clinical presentation and natural history are anecdotal. This is the first case of myocardial infarction due to coronary aneurysms in a 13-year-old boy with neurofibromatosis type 1. We discuss pathophysiology, diagnostic images, and therapeutic management of this rare association.
Agent-based modelling of interstellar contacts using rumour spread models
Authors: Uyar Tevfik , Özel Mehmet Emin
Published: August 2020

Some stochastic model of rumours asserts that even an advanced communication network does not guarantee every agent hears certain news because they predict that rumour spreaders convert to stifflers when contacted with an informed agent. In this study, we adapted two rumour spread models to interstellar communication by developing an agent-based model (ABM) for exploring the issue more rigorously. We enhanced the spread models by adding two additional parameters called conversion probability and stop-criterion, which represent the eagerness and persistency of civilizations to establish new contacts. Results of the ABM under several settings suggest that limited SETI searches lead to undiscovered civilizations. Earth may be one of these undiscovered civilizations although an advanced communication network might already be set up. Hence, we speculate that rumour spread models can propose another solution to Fermi's Paradox.
Lost Voices: Chinese Muslim Modernists and the Issue of Polygamy in the Republican Era
Authors: Chen Bin
Published: August 2020

This study brings the voices of Chinese Muslim modernists back into discussions on polygamy in the Republican era. Starting from the late nineteenth century, abolishing the practice of polygamous marriage became a vital component of Chinese modernizing elites’ vision of modern Chinese society, as they saw polygamy as an obstacle to modernization. Chinese Muslim modernists actively engaged in China's struggle with polygamy. Their dynamic discussions on polygamy were not insignificant and peripheral. On the contrary, when the Republican law promoting monogamy was hard to implement, some Chinese Muslim modernists pushed their fellow Muslims to set examples for other Chinese to obey the law. The Chinese translations of Arabic scholarly work even helped some Chinese Muslim modernists take a different approach to the issue of polygamy by arguing that polygamy, if properly regulated, could be beneficial to modern societies.
Umgangsregelung – wie geht es danach weiter?
Authors: Schemminger Maximilian , Deuchert Sabrina , Conzelmann Annette , Günter Michael , Klosinski Gunther , Renner Tobias , Karle Michael
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung. Gerichtliche Fragestellungen in familienrechtlichen Verfahren betreffen häufig die Umgangsregelung zwischen Kind und einem Elternteil. Dabei bestehen derzeit kaum Daten dazu, wie sich die Umgangssituation vor, nach gutachterlicher Stellungnahme und einer gerichtlichen Umgangsregelung Jahre später in den Trennungsfamilien darstellt. Ziel der Studie war es, diesen Prozess zu untersuchen und die Elternteile bezüglich ihrer Zufriedenheit mit der Umgangsregelung zu befragen. Hierzu wurden 91 Sachverständigengutachten zur Umgangsregelung, die zwischen 2011 und 2014 von der Gutachtenstelle der Abteilung für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter der Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Tübingen erstellt wurden, ausgewertet. Nachfolgend konnte 2017 in 36 Trennungsfamilien eine Fragebogenuntersuchung zu aktuellen Umgangsmodalitäten durchgeführt werden. Es zeigte sich eine geringe Übereinstimmung mit der Beurteilung und Durchführung der Umgangssituation der jeweiligen beteiligten Familien, Gutachter und Gutachterinnen und Gerichte im Prozessverlauf. So kamen die Sachverständigen Gutachter und Gutachterinnen oft zu Entscheidungen, die vorher bestehende Umgangsregelung zu ändern, die Gerichte hielten sich oft nicht an die Gutachten der Sachverständigen und die Familien wiederum setzten nicht immer die richterliche Entscheidung um. Zudem zeigte sich, dass die betreuenden Eltern mit der Umgangssituation zufrieden waren, die nur umgangberechtigten Eltern nicht. Die Eltern stimmten einer Befragung der Kinder nicht zu. Anzumerken ist, dass sich die Ergebnisse auf eine kleine selektive Stichprobe beziehen und dringend in größeren Untersuchungen repliziert werden sollten. Die Studie möchte dazu anregen, da die vorliegenden Daten darauf schließen lassen, dass im Prozess der Festlegung von Umgangsregelungen eine Optimierung stattfinden könnte. Auch wäre zu überdenken, wie die Kinder geschützt in diesen Optimierungsprozess mit Bedacht einbezogen werden können.
Emotionale Kompetenzen bei drei- bis sechsjährigen Kindern mit und ohne Entwicklungsbeeinträchtigungen
Authors: Sarimski Klaus
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen emotionalen Kompetenzen und kognitiven oder sprachlichen Entwicklungsbeeinträchtigungen bei drei- bis sechsjährigen Kindern zu untersuchen. An der Studie nahmen 111 Kinder mit Entwicklungsbeeinträchtigungen teil, die einen Schulkindergarten besuchten, der an ein Förderzentrum mit Förderschwerpunkt geistige oder sprachliche Entwicklung angeschlossen ist, sowie 107 Kinder ohne Entwicklungsbeeinträchtigung, die einen allgemeinen Kindergärten besuchten. Die Kinder wurden mit dem „Inventar zur Erfassung emotionaler Kompetenzen bei Drei- bis Sechsjährigen“ (EMK 3 – 6) untersucht. Die pädagogischen Fachkräfte bewerteten die sozial-emotionalen Kompetenzen im Alltag mittels der „Verhaltensskalen für das Kindergartenalter“ (VSK). Interne Konsistenz und Inter-Korrelationen der EMK 3 – 6 – Untertests waren in beiden Teilgruppen hoch. Kinder mit kognitiven und/oder sprachlichen Entwicklungsbeeinträchtigungen wiesen signifikant niedrigere Werte in drei der vier emotionalen Kompetenzskalen des EMK 3 – 6 auf (Emotionen erkennen und benennen, Wissen um prosoziales Verhalten, Wissen um empathische Reaktionen). Bei Kindern mit Entwicklungsbeeinträchtigung, die einen Schulkindergarten besuchen, erwiesen sich das Wissen um prosoziale Kompetenzen und empathische Reaktionen als signifikante Prädiktoren für die Einschätzung der sozial-emotionalen Kompetenzen durch die pädagogischen Fachkräfte. Bei Kindern mit kognitiven und/oder sprachlichen Beeinträchtigungen sollte eine gezielte Förderung emotionaler Kompetenzen zur Schulvorbereitung gehören.
Non‐Additivity of the Midlatitude Circulation Response to Regional Arctic Temperature Anomalies: The Role of the Stratosphere
Authors: De Bithi , Wu Yutian , Polvani Lorenzo M.
Published: August 2020

Previous studies have documented the impact of the Arctic sea ice loss and associated warming on the midlatitude weather and climate, especially the influence of sea ice retreat over the Barents‐Kara Sea on the North Atlantic and Europe regions. However, less attention has been given to other geographical locations over the Arctic, and to the linear additivity of the circulation response to regional Arctic sea ice loss and temperature anomalies. Using a simplified dry dynamical core model, we demonstrate that responses to regional Arctic temperature anomalies over the Barents‐Kara Sea, Baffin Bay‐Davis Strait‐Labrador Sea, and East Siberia‐Chukchi Sea, separately, cause similar equatorward shift of the tropospheric jet, but different stratospheric polar vortex responses. Furthermore, responses to regional Arctic temperature anomalies are not linearly additive, and the residual resembles a positive Northern Annular Mode‐like structure. Additional targeted experiments highlight the stratospheric influence in the non‐additivity of the midlatitude tropospheric response.
Forming a Mogi Doughnut in the Years Prior to and Immediately Before the 2014 M8.1 Iquique, Northern Chile, Earthquake
Authors: Schurr B. , Moreno M. , Tréhu A. M. , Bedford J. , Kummerow J. , Li S. , Oncken O.
Published: August 2020

Asperities are patches where the fault surfaces stick until they break in earthquakes. Locating asperities and understanding their causes in subduction zones is challenging because they are generally located offshore. We use seismicity, interseismic and coseismic slip, and the residual gravity field to map the asperity responsible for the 2014 M8.1 Iquique, Chile, earthquake. For several years prior to the mainshock, seismicity occurred exclusively downdip of the asperity. Two weeks before the mainshock, a series of foreshocks first broke the upper plate then the updip rim of the asperity. This seismicity formed a ring around the slip patch (asperity) that later ruptured in the mainshock. The asperity correlated both with high interseismic locking and a circular gravity low, suggesting that it is controlled by geologic structure. Most features of the spatiotemporal seismicity pattern can be explained by a mechanical model in which a single asperity is stressed by relative plate motion.
A Relationship Between ITCZ Organization and Subtropical Humidity
Authors: Hohenegger Cathy , Jakob Christian
Published: August 2020

Motivated by the results of idealized studies on the self‐aggregation of convection, we investigate a potential relationship between the degree of organization of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and humidity based on reanalysis data. We focus on the Atlantic ITCZ and use the number of long convergence lines occurring per month to define the degree of organization. The latter shows a weak enhancement during June to August (JJA) and a large interannual variability. On an interannual time scale and particularly during JJA, a relationship exists between organization and humidity: Years with more organized ITCZs are associated with a moister ITCZ region and drier subtropics. Even though we cannot demonstrate any causality and cannot rule out the presence of another agent, we show that these moisture anomalies are not incompatible with an effect of organization. We also note that the annual cycle in sea surface temperature (SST) gradient may contribute to the intra‐annual variability in organization.
Seasonal Forecasts of Winter Temperature Improved by Higher‐Order Modes of Mean Sea Level Pressure Variability in the North Atlantic Sector
Authors: Dalelane Clementine , Dobrynin Mikhail , Fröhlich Kristina
Published: August 2020

The variability of the sea level pressure in the North Atlantic sector is the most important driver of weather and climate in Europe. The main mode of this variability, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), explains up to 50% of the total variance. Other modes, known as the Scandinavian index, East Atlantic, and East Atlantic/West Russian pattern, complement the variability of the sea level pressure, thereby influencing the European climate. It has been shown previously that a seasonal prediction system with enhanced winter NAO skill due to ensemble subsampling entails an improved prediction of the surface climate variables as well. Here, we show that a refined subselection procedure that accounts both for the NAO index and for the three additional modes of sea level pressure variability is able to further increase the prediction skill of wintertime mean sea level pressure, near‐surface temperature, and precipitation across Europe.
Isostatic Control of Axial Rivers and Large Drainage Basins on Passive Margins
Authors: Jiao Ruohong , Braun Jean , Kravitz Katherine
Published: August 2020

More than half of the world's large rivers flow towards the ocean crossing passive continental margins. Here using an analytical solution and numerical models, we demonstrate that on passive margins, river basins may be integrated by major margin‐parallel channels, which form as a flexural isostatic response of the lithosphere to mechanical/erosional unloading along the margin. We analyzed the downstream courses of large rivers flowing across the passive margins and find that the majority of them (31 of 36) have major margin‐parallel channels. Occurrences of these channels are generally consistent with the model predictions, although the exact locations and geometry of these rivers may also be controlled/changed by other factors. Our results suggest that the lithosphere strength has an important control on the geometry of large river systems on passive margins, linking the evolution and routing of the Earth's freshwater systems to its deep interior dynamics.
Impact of Interannual Ozone Variations on the Downward Coupling of the 2002 Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Hendon H. H. , Lim E.‐P. , Abhik S.
Published: August 2020

The Southern Hemisphere experienced its first recorded major sudden stratospheric warming during September 2002, which subsequently resulted in strong low polarity of the Southern Annular Mode (low SAM) and extreme daily mean maximum temperatures and low rainfall over eastern Australia during October 2002. The warming and weakening of the polar vortex were accompanied by anomalously high values of polar stratospheric ozone, which possibly could have constructively sustained the weakened vortex and subsequent development of low SAM. We explore the impact of this ozone variation by conducting an idealized forecast experiment using the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's operational subseasonal to seasonal prediction system (Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator‐Seasonal forecast system version 1, ACCESS‐S1), whose atmospheric model well resolves the stratosphere. The ACCESS‐S1 control forecasts are generated with prescribed climatological monthly mean ozone, whereas the observed monthly mean ozone during 2002 is prescribed during the forecast for the experiment. While the control forecasts initialized on 1 August 2002 demonstrate good skill in predicting the weakening of the polar vortex and the resultant occurrence of low SAM during October, the extremity of the SAM anomaly and associated extreme high temperatures and low rainfall over eastern Australia were significantly underpredicted. Prescribing the observed ozone results in more realistic weakening of the stratospheric vortex and stronger development of low SAM and extreme warm conditions in eastern Australia during October 2002. These results suggest that polar stratospheric ozone variations are a potential source of long lead climate variability, which can be tapped with future ACCESS‐S development.
Nonstationary Frequency Analysis of Censored Data: A Case Study of the Floods in the Yangtze River From 1470 to 2017
Authors: Xiong Bin , Xiong Lihua , Guo Shenglian , Xu Chong‐Yu , Xia Jun , Zhong Yixuan , Yang Han
Published: August 2020

Censored data (CD) of floods, that is, the combination of systematic data (SD) and historical data, can help improve the robustness of flood frequency analysis, due to its temporal information expansion. However, in nonstationary flood frequency analysis, the approach to utilize the CD has rarely been investigated. In this study, a covariate‐based nonstationary flood frequency analysis framework based on various likelihood functions using the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution was built to utilize the CD, with uncertainty considered. This framework was applied to the study of the annual maximum flood frequency of the Yichang gauging station 44 km downstream of the Three Gorges Dam over the period from 1470 to 2017. A summer precipitation anomaly and a reservoir index were used as covariates to explain the variation of the distribution parameters. The results show that for either the SD or CD, the nonstationary models are preferred to the stationary ones by the deviance information criterion, and these nonstationary models may prove to be practical in engineering application, due to the acceptable uncertainty range in flood quantiles derived from covariates. Compared to the stationary or nonstationary models based on the SD, the corresponding model based on the CD results in a higher posterior mean and a smaller posterior standard deviation for the shape parameter of the GEV distribution. It is concluded that the use of historical information under the nonstationary frequency analysis framework may be remarkable in reducing design flood uncertainty, especially for the very small exceedance probability at the tail.
Mega-oss and Mega-TCP versus Bio-Oss granules fixed by alginate gel for bone regeneration
Authors: Wang Tong-Yue , Xu Shu-Lan , Wang Zhi-Ping , Guo Jin-Yuan
Published: August 2020

Objectives/Aims

Bone graft materials are widely used at present because inadequate bone volume is usually found in implant patients. To determine the biocompatibility of a new grafting material, in vitro research is routinely performed before animal experiments and clinical testing. However, during in vitro experiments, bone material particles might move during testing, which could affect the accuracy of the results.

Materials and Methods

To evaluate the biocompatibility of new bone substitutes, Mega-oss and Mega-TCP were compared with Bio-Oss using osteoblast cells and osteoclast cells fixed with alginate gel. Cell morphology, viability, bone resorption, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and staining were tested to compare the biocompatibility differences in the performance of Mega-oss, Mega-TCP, and Bio-Oss.

Results

Cells spread better on Mega-oss and Mega-TCP than the round shape on Bio-Oss. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) results showed that Mega-oss, Mega-TCP, and sodium alginate had good viability. Meanwhile, Mega-oss and Mega-TCP had the same osteoblast differentiation ability as Bio-Oss. The resorption rates of Mega-TCP and Mega-oss were higher than those of Bio-Oss (24.4%, 15.3%, and 3.3%, respectively).

Conclusion

Mega-oss and Mega-TCP might be useful alternative bone graft materials compared with Bio-Oss. In addition, fixing the materials with sodium alginate gel could be a new method for in vitro bone material experiments.
Partially automated whole-genome sequencing reanalysis of previously undiagnosed pediatric patients can efficiently yield new diagnoses
Authors: James Kiely N. , Clark Michelle M. , Camp Brandon , Kint Cyrielle , Schols Peter , Batalov Sergey , Briggs Benjamin , Veeraraghavan Narayanan , Chowdhury Shimul , Kingsmore Stephen F.
Published: August 2020

To investigate the diagnostic and clinical utility of a partially automated reanalysis pipeline, forty-eight cases of seriously ill children with suspected genetic disease who did not receive a diagnosis upon initial manual analysis of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were reanalyzed at least 1 year later. Clinical natural language processing (CNLP) of medical records provided automated, updated patient phenotypes, and an automated analysis system delivered limited lists of possible diagnostic variants for each case. CNLP identified a median of 79 new clinical features per patient at least 1 year later. Compared to a standard manual reanalysis pipeline, the partially automated pipeline reduced the number of variants to be analyzed by 90% (range: 74%-96%). In 2 cases, diagnoses were made upon reinterpretation, representing an incremental diagnostic yield of 4.2% (2/48, 95% CI: 0.5–14.3%). Four additional cases were flagged with a possible diagnosis to be considered during subsequent reanalysis. Separately, copy number analysis led to diagnoses in two cases. Ongoing discovery of new disease genes and refined variant classification necessitate periodic reanalysis of negative WGS cases. The clinical features of patients sequenced as infants evolve rapidly with age. Partially automated reanalysis, including automated re-phenotyping through CNLP, has the potential to identify molecular diagnoses with reduced expert labor intensity.
A comprehensive CHO SWATH-MS spectral library for robust quantitative profiling of 10,000 proteins
Authors: Sim Kae Hwan , Liu Lillian Chia-Yi , Tan Hwee Tong , Tan Kelly , Ng Daniel , Zhang Wei , Yang Yuansheng , Tate Stephen , Bi Xuezhi
Published: August 2020

Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion spectra (SWATH) is a data-independent acquisition (DIA) strategy that requires a specific spectral library to generate unbiased and consistent quantitative data matrices of all peptides. SWATH-MS is a promising approach for in-depth proteomic profiling of Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines, improving mechanistic understanding of process optimization, and real-time monitoring of process parameters in biologics R&D and manufacturing. However, no spectral library for CHO cells is publicly available. Here we present a comprehensive CHO global spectral library to measure the abundance of more than 10,000 proteins consisting of 199,102 identified peptides from a CHO-K1 cell proteome. The robustness, accuracy and consistency of the spectral library were validated for high confidence in protein identification and reproducible quantification in different CHO-derived cell lines, instrumental setups and downstream processing samples. The availability of a comprehensive SWATH CHO global spectral library will facilitate detailed characterization of upstream and downstream processes, as well as quality by design (QbD) in biomanufacturing. The data have been deposited to ProteomeXchange (PXD016047).
Increases in cholecystectomy for gallstone related disease in South Africa
Authors: Khan Zafar Ahmed , Khan Muhammed Uzayr , Brand Martin
Published: August 2020

Studies suggest that the rate gallstone disease in Africa is low. Previous studies suggested an increase in gallstone rates and cholecystectomies related to urbanization and the adoption of Western lifestyle habits. This study examined cholecystectomy rates for gallstone disease in South Africa (SA). An audit of cholecystectomies in SA was done by reviewing gallbladder specimens processed by the SA National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) from 2004 and 2014. Urbanization rates were obtained from Statistics South Africa and BMI data from previously published studies. Fisher’s exact test, t test’s and Pearson’s R were used for comparisons; cholecystectomy rates were calculated per 100,000 population. 33,467 cholecystectomy specimens were analysed. There was a 92% absolute increase in cholecystectomies during the study period (Pearson r 0.94; p < 0.01) with the overall cholecystectomy rate increasing by 65% from 8.36 to 13.81 per 100,000 population. The data was divided into two equal periods and compared. During the second period there was a 28.8% increase in the number cholecystectomies and patients were significantly younger (46.9 vs 48.2 years; p ≤ 0.0001). The Northern Cape was the only province to show a decline in the cholecystectomy rate in this period and was also the only province to record a decline in urbanization. Population based studies in SA demonstrate increases in BMI and an association with increased urbanization. This nationwide African study demonstrates a sustained increase in cholecystectomies for gallstone disease. Increases in BMI and urbanization may be responsible for this trend.
Author Correction: Antidepressant–like effects of fish, krill oils and Vit B12 against exposure to stress environment in mice models: current status and pilot study
Authors: Zadeh-Ardabili Parastoo Mojtahed , Rad Sima Kianpour , Rad Soheila Kianpour , Movafagh Abolfazl
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Characterization of gap-plasmon based metasurfaces using scanning differential heterodyne microscopy
Authors: Akhmedzhanov Ildar M. , Deshpande Rucha A. , Baranov Dmitry V. , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I.
Published: August 2020

Optical phase-gradient metasurfaces, whose unique capabilities are based on the possibility to arbitrarily control the phase of reflected/transmitted light at the subwavelength scale, are seldom characterized with direct measurements of phase gradients. Using numerical simulations and experimental measurements, we exploit the technique of scanning differential heterodyne microscopy (SDHM) for direct phase and amplitude characterization of gap-plasmon based optical metasurfaces. Two metasurface configurations utilizing the third-order gap surface plasmon (GSP) resonance, representing a binary grating and linear phase gradient, are experimentally characterized with the SDHM operating at the light wavelength of 633 nm. Comparing the experimental performances of these GSP metasurfaces with those expected from the phase and amplitude profiles reconstructed from the SDHM measurements, we verify the efficiency and accuracy of the developed SDHM characterization approach for direct inspection of GSP reflective metasurfaces.
Development of a simple prediction model for adrenal crisis diagnosis
Authors: Katabami Takuyuki , Tsukiyama Hidekazu , Tanabe Makito , Matsuba Ren , Murakami Mariko , Nishine Ami , Shimizu Sachi , Sakai Kensuke , Tanaka Yasushi , Yanase Toshihiko
Published: August 2020

To develop a prediction model for adrenal crisis (AC) diagnosis among individuals with adrenal insufficiency that relies on the values of routinely measured clinical parameters, for application in standard clinical practice. We retrospectively analysed data from five referral centres in Japan. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of AC, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine their optimal cut-off points. The analysis included data from 54 patients with 90 AC events. Logistic regression revealed that serum sodium and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were independent predictors of AC. Serum sodium levels < 137 mEq/L had a sensitivity of 71.1% and specificity of 95.6%. CRP levels > 1.3 mg/dL had a sensitivity of 84.4% and specificity of 94.9%. In combination, serum sodium levels < 137 mEq/L or CRP levels > 1.3 mg/dL for AC diagnosis had sensitivity and specificity values of 97.8% and 94.4%, respectively. The combined use of serum sodium and CRP levels had high sensitivity and specificity, and can be used for AC screening in standard clinical practice. The model can assist in identifying AC among high-risk individuals. A larger prospective study is needed to validate these results.
Author Correction: An Early Cretaceous pterosaur with an unusual mandibular crest from China and a potential novel feeding strategy
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Rodrigues Taissa , Jiang Shunxing , Cheng Xin , Kellner Alexander W. A.
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Endosinotarsal device exerts a better postoperative correction in Meary’s angle than exosinotarsal screw from a meta-analysis in pediatric flatfoot
Authors: Hsieh Chiun-Hua , Lee Chia-Che , Tseng Tzu-Hao , Wu Kuan-Wen , Chang Jia-Feng , Wang Ting-Ming
Published: August 2020

For pediatric flexible flatfoot, the subtalar extra-articular screw arthroereisis (SESA) and endosinotarsal device are the most popular techniques in current practice. Nevertheless, scarce literature is available comparing the outcomes between these two techniques. Thus, we aimed to provide a meta-analysis for the radiographic and clinical outcomes, respectively. A systemic search for correction of pediatric flexible flatfoot using subtalar arthroereisis was conducted mainly in Pubmed and Scopus, and the search was completed on 31 Dec., 2019. The standardized mean differences (SMD) of postoperative versus preoperative calcaneal pitch and Meary’s angle were defined as the primary outcomes, whereas the preoperative versus posteoperative AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) as the secondary outcome. The meta-analysis included 12 comparative studies comprising 2063 feet in total. The quantitative analysis showed a marked improvement in Meary’s angle of endosinotarsal cone implant group (SMD: 4.298; 95% CI 2.706–5.889) than exosinotarsal screw group (SMD: 1.264; 95% CI 0.650–1.877). But no significant difference was noted between both groups in calcaneal pitch and AOFAS. The exosinotarsal screw and endosinotarsal device are both effective arthroereisis implant for pediatric flexible flatfoot. While considering the correction of Meary’s angle, the endosinotarsal device is better than exosinotarsal screw.
Impaired brain function improved by l-carnitine in patients with cirrhosis: evaluation using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Hayakawa Yuka , Kubota Youhei , Kurosaki Masayuki , Osawa Leona , Inada Kento , Kirino Sakura , Yamashita Koji , Sekiguchi Shuhei , Okada Mao , Wan Wang , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Kaneko Shun , Tamaki Nobuharu , Yasui Yutaka , Noda Takamasa , Nakanishi Kaoru , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Itakura Jun , Takahashi Yuka , Izumi Namiki
Published: August 2020

To evaluate the effects of l-carnitine on impaired brain function in patients with liver cirrhosis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included sequential 80 liver cirrhosis patients with impaired brain function evaluated using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Among them, l-carnitine was administered to 48 patients. The NIRS data and blood ammonia level at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment were compared between patients administered with l-carnitine (l-carnitine group) and those who were not (control group). The NIRS data at baseline were similar between the l-carnitine and control groups (0.04 ± 0.04 vs. 0.04 ± 0.05 mMmm, p = n.s), whereas those in the l-carnitine group (n = 48) were significantly better than that of the control group at 8 weeks of treatment (n = 32) (0.103 ± 0.081 vs. 0.040 ± 0.048 mMmm, p < 0.001). In the l-carnitine group, 35.4% (17/48) of patients had hyperammonemia. The NIRS data of the l-carnitine group at 8 weeks of treatment were significantly improved than that of the control group, irrespective of baseline ammonia levels (0.11 ± 0.09 vs. 0.04 ± 0.05 mMmm, p = 0.005, and 0.10 ± 0.06 vs. 0.02 ± 0.03 mMmm, p = 0.003, for normal baseline ammonia and elevated ammonia levels, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, l-carnitine administration (odds ratio [OR] 3.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–9.99, p = 0.019) and baseline NIRS data of ≤ 0.07 mMmm (OR 5.21, 95% CI 1.69–16.0, p = 0.0041) were found as independent significant factors. l-carnitine improves impaired brain function in patients with liver cirrhosis.
A DNAzyme-based label-free fluorescent probe for guanosine-5′-triphosphate detection
Authors: Hu Chengzhen , Jiang Kemei , Shao Zihao , Shi Minqing , Meng Hong-Min
Published: August 2020

A DNAzyme-based fluorescent probe with self-phosphorylation ability for label-free and sensitive GTP detection in buffer and human serum samples.
A zwitterionic hydrogel coated titanium surface with high-efficiency endothelial cell selectivity for rapid re-endothelialization
Authors: Wen Chiyu , Zhang Jiamin , Li Yongjian , Zheng Weiwei , Liu Min , Zhu Yingnan , Sui Xiaojie , Zhang Xiangyu , Han Qiang , Lin Yu , Yang Jing , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2020

A bifunctional antifouling and endothelial cell selective coating, based on a zwitterionic hydrogel and the REDV peptide, can promote re-endothelialization and achieve multi-resistance of proteins, bacteria, blood cells and smooth muscle cells.
Design of two complementary copolymers that work as a glue for cell-laden collagen gels
Authors: Nishimoto Taihei , Matsukawa Ko , Nagase Kenichi , Kanazawa Hideko , Akimoto Aya Mizutani , Yoshida Ryo
Published: August 2020

This study realised cytocompatible “in situ” surface functionalization of collagen gel for adding the property of gel-to-gel adhesion.
High conversion and selectivity of photodimerization under air conditions by supramolecular oxidation restraint within a metallocage-like nanoreactor
Authors: Yang Lu , Qin Lan , Dou Yong , Zhang Daopeng , Zhou Zhen , Wang Suna
Published: August 2020

The well-designed metal–organic cage Ce-BHP acts as an efficient catalyst and molecular nanoreactor for photodimerization of 9,10-anthraquinone under air condition.
Structural investigation of bromide complexation with bipodal, tripodal and tetrapodal cationic molecules
Authors: Ling Irene , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Loh Sze Le , Turner Gemma F. , Moggach Stephen A.
Published: August 2020

Various multipodal molecules comprising dicationic bipodal molecules, tricationic tripodal molecules and tetracationic tetrapodal molecules with adaptable functional groups have been synthesized and characterised.
Counter-ion influence on the mechanism of HMTA-mediated ZnO formation
Authors: van Rijt Mark M. J. , Oosterlaken Bernette M. , Joosten Rick R. M. , Wijkhuijs Levina E. A. , Bomans Paul H. H. , Friedrich Heiner , de With Gijsbertus
Published: August 2020

The influence of the metal counter-ion on the mechanism of formation, nucleation location and the reaction product for the formation of ZnO under mild aqueous conditions is demonstrated.
Singlet (1Δg) O2as an efficient tropospheric oxidizing agent: the gas phase reaction with the simplest Criegee intermediate
Authors: Sarkar Saptarshi , Bandyopadhyay Biman
Published: August 2020

The reaction between CH2OO and1ΔgO2has been investigated by means of high level quantum chemical and chemical kinetic calculations.
Rectification of bipolar nanopores in multivalent electrolytes: effect of charge inversion and strong ionic correlations
Authors: Fertig Dávid , Valiskó Mónika , Boda Dezsö
Published: August 2020

The conductance properties of bipolar nanopores change non-monotonically with surface charge in the presence of multivalent ions due to charge inversion.
Emerging 2D MXenes for supercapacitors: status, challenges and prospects
Authors: Hu Minmin , Zhang Hui , Hu Tao , Fan Bingbing , Wang Xiaohui , Li Zhenjiang
Published: August 2020

This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the emerging 2D MXene electrode materials for supercapacitor application.
Computation-guided design of high-performance flexible thermoelectric modules for sunlight-to-electricity conversion
Authors: Xu Shengduo , Hong Min , Shi Xiaolei , Li Meng , Sun Qiang , Chen Qixiang , Dargusch Matthew , Zou Jin , Chen Zhi-Gang
Published: August 2020

A computation-guided design of a flexible thermoelectric module achieves a high output power density of 3 μW cm−2 by sunlight-to-electricity conversion.
Fabrication of layered double hydroxide microcapsules mediated by cerium doping in metal–organic frameworks for boosting water splitting
Authors: Xu Huajie , Shan Changfu , Wu Xiaoxia , Sun Mingzi , Huang Bolong , Tang Yu , Yan Chun-Hua
Published: August 2020

A one-step synthesis has been developed to fabricate layered double hydroxide microcapsules via a Ce-doping strategy in metal–organic frameworks.
Photodegradation of antihistamine chlorpheniramine using a novel iron-incorporated carbon material and solar radiation
Authors: Mar-Ortiz A. F. , Salazar-Rábago J. J. , Sánchez-Polo M. , Rozalen M. , Cerino-Córdova F. J. , Loredo-Cancino M.
Published: August 2020

Water pollution due to emerging contaminants is a topic that should be researched to a greater extent because of the ignorance of adverse effects these pollutants may have on living beings.
Mechanochemical synthesis of (hetero)aryl Au(i) complexes
Authors: Ingner Fredric J. L. , Giustra Zachary X. , Novosedlik Sebastian , Orthaber Andreas , Gates Paul J. , Dyrager Christine , Pilarski Lukasz T.
Published: August 2020

Shake, Rattle and Gold! Mechanochemistry enables the efficient and selective synthesis of organo-Au(i) complexes.
Developing a method for the determination of sulphur and other elements in avian bone and slag using ETV-ICPOES
Authors: MacConnachie Margaret , Lapointe Michel , Galiano Eduardo , Beauchemin Diane
Published: August 2020

The direct analysis of solid pigeon bones allows quantification of elements accumulating due to the ingestion of metal-rich slag.
The effect of ZnO particle lattice termination on the DC conductivity of LDPE nanocomposites
Authors: Karlsson M. E. , Calamida A. , Forchheimer D. , Hillborg H. , Ström V. , Gardner J. M. , Hedenqvist M. S. , Olsson R. T.
Published: August 2020

Nanocomposite insulation materials for HVDC cables are demonstrated to dominantly rely on the inorganic particle terminations.
Aspect ratio controlled synthesis of tellurium nanowires for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Pokhrel Dipendra , Bastola Ebin , Phillips Adam B. , Heben Michael J. , Ellingson Randy J.
Published: August 2020

Here, we report an aspect ratio-controlled synthesis of tellurium (Te) nanowires (NWs) utilizing a hot injection colloidal method and demonstrate their use as a back buffer layer in cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaics.
Self-assembled Zn phthalocyanine as a robust p-type selective contact in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Aktas Ece , Jiménez-López Jesús , Azizi Kobra , Torres Tomas , Palomares Emilio
Published: August 2020

The use of self-assembled monolayers as selective charge extracting layers in perovskite solar cells is an efficient approach to replace the traditionally used contacts, as they can easily modify the interface to improve the solar cell performance.
Metal carbide/Ni hybrids for high-performance electromagnetic absorption and absorption-based electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Xie Qindong , Yan Zhiyang , Qin Feng , Wang Le , Mei Lin , Zhang Yanpei , Wang Zhongke , Zhao Guangtao , Jiang Ruibin
Published: August 2020

Metal carbide/Ni hybrid nanostructures are designed to realize electromagnetic absorption and absorption-based electromagnetic interference shielding (EIS). An EIS effectiveness larger than 60 dB is achieved with an absorption contribution of 98.9%.
A thermal decarboxylative Cloke–Wilson rearrangement of dispirocyclopropanes derived from para-quinone methides and bromo-Meldrum's acids: an approach to synthesize spirobutyrolactone para-dienones
Authors: Li Tong , Yan Dandan , Cui Chaoxing , Song Xixi , Chang Junbiao
Published: August 2020

An unprecedented approach to synthesize spirobutyrolactone para-dienones from para-quinone methides and bromo-Meldrum's acids has been developed.
Investigation of the reaction kinetics of photocatalytic pollutant degradation under defined conditions with inkjet-printed TiO2 films – from batch to a novel continuous-flow microreactor
Authors: Zhan Xiang , Yan Chenhui , Zhang Yilin , Rinke Günter , Rabsch Georg , Klumpp Michael , Schäfer Andrea Iris , Dittmeyer Roland
Published: August 2020

Reaction kinetics was studied for photocatalytic pollutant degradation with inkjet-printed TiO2 in a batch and a continuous-flow microreactor.