bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QTL analysis for late blight resistance in an Andean Tetraploid potato population
Authors: Santa S Juan David , Berdugo C. Jhon Alexander , Mosquera V. Teresa , Cely Nubia Liliana , Soto S. Mauricio , Galeano M Carlos H.
Published: March 2024

Un problema fitosanitario importante en la producción de papa en Colombia es el tizón tardío, causado por el oomiceto Phythopthora infestans (Mont) de Bary. Este problema fitosanitario puede alcanzar hasta el 100% de las pérdidas en el campo. En este momento, la producción de papa en Colombia cuenta con poca resistencia cultivares y dependientes del manejo de enfermedades principalmente en el uso de fungicidas, por lo tanto el control químico representa un impacto negativo en el medio ambiente y el consumidor. Por lo general, múltiples genes o QTL controlan la resistencia cuantitativa a las enfermedades. Para resistencia hasta el tizón tardío, un mapa de consenso reportó 24 meta QTL agrupando 144 QTLs reportados previamente. Los avances en las plataformas de genotipado, como el Innium Potato Array, han hecho posible mapeo genético de alta densidad en genotipos tetraploides de diversos caracteres con interés agronómico. A pesar de estos avances, la investigación sobre la genética de la papa tetraploide y específicamente sobre la resistencia a enfermedades es limitada. Por lo tanto, los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: construir un mapa de ligamiento y para mapear QTL de resistencia a P. infestans usando la cruz F1 RN × 2384.
Comportamiento de los cultivares de brócoli (Brassica oleracea L.) Avenger y Legacy a diferentes dosis de nitrógeno, fosforo y potasio
Authors: Lozano Fernández Jaime , Orozco Luz Fanny
Published: March 2024

La poca oferta existente, en la región del Oriente Antiqueño, de trabajos de investigación sobre fertilización en brócoli, provoca un uso excesivo de fertilizantes compuestos y simples. Entre mayo y agosto de 2014 se evaluaron diferentes niveles de fertilización en dos cultivares de brócoli (Avenger y Legacy), en el Centro de Investigación La Selva de CORPOICA Rionegro (Antioquia), a 2.020 msnm, con 14°C promedio ambiente; en un suelo de unidad cartográfica: Asociación Rionegro, de taxonomía Typic Fulvudans (IGAC, 2007). Para Avenger y Legacy los mayores rendimientos (19,0 y 12,2 t/ha respectivamente) se obtuvieron con 60 Kg/ha de N, 40 Kg/ha de P2O5 y 55 Kg/ha de K2O.
Departamento del Cesar : anexo 6
Authors: Loaiza Echeverri Ana María , Garavito A. Heydi Carolina , Mateus Julian , Ramírez Durán Julio , Zuluaga Mogollón María Victoria , García Gómez Gustavo , Campo Cuello Carlos Eduardo , Álvarez Quintero Yadira , Aramendiz Hernán Eliecer , Díaz Melendez Gustavo Enrique , Guerrero Badir , Morón Carlos Darío , Canchila Fabio , Angulo Oswaldo , Lozano Julio Cesar , Zapata Mario Augusto
Published: March 2024

El presente documento se preparó con el fin de proveer información básica sobre el desempeño de la cadena productiva, sus vínculos con la orientación de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación y las demandas del sector sobre conocimiento técnico, para superar problemas productivos, mejorar la competitividad, la sostenibilidad, aprovechar oportunidades de mercado, potenciar capacidades y focalizar la inversión pública. Esta información se consolidó a través del proceso de revisión y ajuste de la Agenda Dinámica Nacional de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación (Agenda I+D+i), como insumo para orientar las estrategias del PECTIA
Factors Underlying Vaccine Hesitancy and Their Mitigations in Saudi Arabia: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Kanan Mohammed , Abdulrahman Samar , Alshehri Abdulaziz , AlSuhaibani Renad , Alotaibi Nawaf M , Alsaleh Azhar , Nasser Bushra , Baowaydhan Rana , Alredaini Ibrahim , Khalid Taif , Almukhtar Fatima , Altoaimi Nourah , Alhneshel Almaha , Alanazi Shouq , Algmaizi Shahad
Published: March 2024

Background

Vaccine hesitancy is a growing concern in Saudi Arabia, impacting even well-educated parents. The decision-making process involves various factors such as accessibility, trustworthy information, and the influence of social networks, reflecting a complex interplay of emotional, cultural, social, spiritual, and political dimensions.

Objective

This review seeks to evaluate the prevalence and trends of vaccine hesitancy, identify contributing factors, and explore potential solutions to enhance immunization rates. This review aligns with global concerns, as the World Health Organization has identified vaccine hesitancy as a top global health threat.

Methods

Our systematic review will follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study) criteria for comprehensive assessment. We will conduct a thorough search across various databases, encompassing a wide range of vaccines, and pay special attention to vaccination campaigns and refusals. Inclusion criteria involve descriptive, observational, and analytical studies focusing on factors influencing vaccine acceptance or hesitancy. The study will use the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool for quality assessment and perform a narrative synthesis to summarize findings thematically.

Results

This systematic review is expected to unveil the prevalence and trends of vaccine hesitancy in diverse populations in Saudi Arabia, shedding light on cultural, religious, and social factors contributing to hesitancy. It aims to assess the effectiveness of implemented strategies, enable regional and global comparisons, and provide implications for tailored vaccination policies. Additionally, the review may pinpoint research gaps, guiding future investigations to address and mitigate vaccine hesitancy effectively.

Conclusions

The findings are expected to have direct policy implications and guide interventions to strengthen vaccination programs and improve public health outcomes.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/54680
Exploring the Performance of ChatGPT Versions 3.5, 4, and 4 With Vision in the Chilean Medical Licensing Examination: Observational Study
Authors: Rojas Marcos , Rojas Marcelo , Burgess Valentina , Toro-Pérez Javier , Salehi Shima
Published: March 2024

Background

The deployment of OpenAI’s ChatGPT-3.5 and its subsequent versions, ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-4 With Vision (4V; also known as “GPT-4 Turbo With Vision”), has notably influenced the medical field. Having demonstrated remarkable performance in medical examinations globally, these models show potential for educational applications. However, their effectiveness in non-English contexts, particularly in Chile’s medical licensing examinations—a critical step for medical practitioners in Chile—is less explored. This gap highlights the need to evaluate ChatGPT’s adaptability to diverse linguistic and cultural contexts.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT versions 3.5, 4, and 4V in the EUNACOM (Examen Único Nacional de Conocimientos de Medicina), a major medical examination in Chile.

Methods

Three official practice drills (540 questions) from the University of Chile, mirroring the EUNACOM’s structure and difficulty, were used to test ChatGPT versions 3.5, 4, and 4V. The 3 ChatGPT versions were provided 3 attempts for each drill. Responses to questions during each attempt were systematically categorized and analyzed to assess their accuracy rate.

Results

All versions of ChatGPT passed the EUNACOM drills. Specifically, versions 4 and 4V outperformed version 3.5, achieving average accuracy rates of 79.32% and 78.83%, respectively, compared to 57.53% for version 3.5 (P<.001). Version 4V, however, did not outperform version 4 (P=.73), despite the additional visual capabilities. We also evaluated ChatGPT’s performance in different medical areas of the EUNACOM and found that versions 4 and 4V consistently outperformed version 3.5. Across the different medical areas, version 3.5 displayed the highest accuracy in psychiatry (69.84%), while versions 4 and 4V achieved the highest accuracy in surgery (90.00% and 86.11%, respectively). Versions 3.5 and 4 had the lowest performance in internal medicine (52.74% and 75.62%, respectively), while version 4V had the lowest performance in public health (74.07%).

Conclusions

This study reveals ChatGPT’s ability to pass the EUNACOM, with distinct proficiencies across versions 3.5, 4, and 4V. Notably, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have not significantly led to enhancements in performance on image-based questions. The variations in proficiency across medical fields suggest the need for more nuanced AI training. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of exploring innovative approaches to using AI to augment human cognition and enhance the learning process. Such advancements have the potential to significantly influence medical education, fostering not only knowledge acquisition but also the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills among health care professionals.
Study on the Tax Burden Sharing between Supply and Demand--Based on a Perspective of Microeconomics
Authors: Yao Jingwu , Zhao Jingyi
Published: March 2024

Although a country's tax on market goods increases fiscal revenue to a certain extent, the tax burden is borne by both the supply and demand, which damages the interests of both consumers and suppliers. In the long run, government taxes on goods hurt both producers and consumers and hurt economic growth. This paper analyzes the nature of national taxation, the impact of tax burden on both supply and demand, and the relationship between tax burden allocation and elasticity of supply and demand. At the same time, this paper analyzes that the difference between the supply and demand elasticity is the main reason for the difference between producers and consumers. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures to promote economic growth and reduce the tax burden of producers and consumers.
On the total edge irregularity strength of certain classes of cycle related graphs
Authors: A. S. Saranya , K. R. Santhosh Kumar
Published: March 2024

For a graph G=(V,E), an edge irregular total k-labeling is a labeling of the vertices and edges of G with labels from the set {1, 2, ..., k } such that any two different edges have distinct weights. The sum of the label of edge uv and the labels of vertices u and v determines the weight of the edge uv. The smallest possible k for which the graph G has an edge irregular total k-labeling is called the total edge irregularity strength of G. We determine the exact value of the total edge irregularity strength for some cycle related graphs.
Campus Selection System
Authors: Boya Ms. Anuradha
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The main aim of the Research Project is to develop software to manage university registration processes and create an interactive GUI through which TPO can manage all student details, messages on its console and send letters to students informing them about their student needs. registration process. Although the scope of this project is broad, the most important is the presentation of personal and educational information of students and companies. Students and companies can edit fields such as username and password. The project also allows the database administrator to access student and company information and put it into the main database. It is also possible to remove student and company information from the main database after the application is completed.
Digital Emporium
Authors: Solanki Chills
Published: March 2024

Abstract: E-commerce has become an indispensable part of contemporary business, revolutionizing the way goods and services are bought and sold by utilizing electronic networks, particularly the internet. This shift in commerce has significantly altered traditional business frameworks, witnessing remarkable global expansion. In India, e-commerce has experienced substantial growth alongside the widespread adoption of internet usage, particularly among startups, which have adopted it as a distinctive business model. Despite its widespread acceptance, e-commerce remains a field that warrants further exploration. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the e-commerce landscape by analyzing trends and crucial factors essential for success. Furthermore, the study investigates consumer preferences and purchasing behaviors across various e-commerce platforms, including JD, Taobao, Pinduoduo, and Tmall, with the goal of enhancing marketing effectiveness through a deep understanding of consumer inclinations and motivations. Through empirical analysis and gathering feedback, this study aims to illuminate the varied preferences of consumers across different platforms, shedding light on factors that influence platform selection, such as product categories, age, and gender. Ultimately, the objective of this research is to contribute to a more profound understanding of e-commerce dynamics and their implications for both businesses and consumers.
Effective Width of the T-section Flange of Ribbed Slabs
Authors: Zamaliev F. S.
Published: March 2024

Ribbed ceilings in reinforced concrete, and more recently in steel-reinforced concrete and wood-concrete versions, occupy a significant place in the total volume of buildings and structures. An analysis of the regulatory and technical literature shows that in domestic and foreign sources, empirical dependencies are proposed for assigning the effective width of a T-section flange, which does not lead to economical and reliable design solutions.

The purpose of the study is to determine the calculated effective width of a flange of a tee monolithic section or a composite section of a floor. Based on the analysis of the stress-strain state of a bent tee section, analytical ex-pressions are written and formulas are obtained for determining the design flange width.
Stability of the RC Column under Horizontal Impacts
Authors: Alekseytsev A. V.
Published: March 2024

Approaches to assessment of stability of reinforced concrete columns in case of horizontal emergency impact have been investigated. For this purpose, finite-element modeling of the system in spatial formulation, calculation according to the deformed scheme in the scope of nonlinear static analysis and dynamic transient process have been implemented. When constructing the model, the hexahedral elements were used, working in accordance with the Drucker-Prager model for concrete, and the rebars deformed according to the Prandtl model were used to modelling the reinforcement.

The impact action was considered as a short-term pulse of constant intensity. Dependence diagrams for critical force on various scenarios of emergency impacts on the column have been obtained. Results of researches can be used for an estimation of resistance to the progressive collapse of reinforced concrete structures at their variants design and optimization.
Conceptual Approaches to Robustness Assessment of Building Structures, Buildings and Facilities
Authors: Tamrazyan Ashot G.
Published: March 2024

Some examples of failures of structures, buildings, where the lack of robustness was recognized, are analyzed. Several author’s definitions for robustness are presented and discussed. Special emphasis is given to the fact that define robustness as an intrinsic structural property and the other hand it as a property of the structure and its environment. Some related concepts are presented and discussed.

The most important proposed measures for robustness are also present-ed including some illustration examples. Finally, a comparison between them is made and the respective shortcomings are identified. After anal-ysis of the robustness nature, a new structural oriented definition is pro-posed. Based on the highlighted shortcomings of the existing measures, in particular those related with the application to deteriorated structures, a conceptual framework for robustness assessment is proposed.
Reconstruction of Reinforced Concrete Structures on The Example of Bridge Spans Damaged as a Result of Dynamic Impacts
Authors: Simakov Oleg A.
Published: March 2024

The problem of restoring reinforced concrete structures that have received dynamic impacts (emergency as a result of collisions with vehicles, damage as a result of dismantling nearby structures, explosive impacts) is quite an urgent issue. The current regulatory documents regarding the restoration and reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures do not fully correspond to the issues related to the results of dynamic impacts that have characteristic features. Also, the volume of published scientific papers on this topic is not sufficient and implies the need for further research. Nevertheless, to date, a certain amount of work has been carried out to restore such structures with subsequent tests and confirmation of the required level of reliability. The article considers the experience of restoring reinforced concrete structures of bridge spans that were damaged as a result of dynamic impact from vehicles - the result.
To the Analysis of the Reliability of Structures of Beam Systems
Authors: Tamrazyan Ashot G.
Published: March 2024

The article discusses the issues of reliability for various types of failures of beam systems. A single-span bending beam is analyzed. The limit state functions for moment failure modes in the characteristic sections of the beam are determined. The ways of forming a plastic hinge for a beam are shown. The lower and upper limits of the beam reliability are calculated. Limit state functions corresponding to failure mechanisms are presented.
Development of the Method for Calculation of Reinforced Concrete Structures on the Formation and Opening of Normal Cracks
Authors: Trekin Nikolay N. , Kodysh Emil N. , Parfenov Sergey G. , Andrian Konstantin R.
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the history of the development of the method for calculating the crack resistance of reinforced concrete elements according to Soviet and modern design standards, which was based on the work of the Soviet and foreign scientists, such as: A.F. Loleit, V.I. Murashev, A.A. Gvozdev, S.A. Dmitriev, A. Clark, J. Monier and others. Also, the article discusses the currently updated calculation methods for the formation and opening of normal cracks according to domestic and foreign standards.
Ensuring Seismic Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Authors: Mkrtychev O. V. , Reshchetov A. A.
Published: March 2024

There are a large number of works on a comprehensive assessment of the seismic resistance of buildings and structures. However, these studies, as a rule, do not take into account the random nature of the seismic impact, which is a pronounced non-stationary random process. An adequate assessment of the seismic resistance of buildings and structures is possible only on the basis of methods that allow taking into account the large variability of seismic impact parameters. The article presents a probabilistic method for calculating multi-storey reinforced concrete buildings designed in seismic regions, taking into account the interaction of a building with a non-linearly deformable foundation. The developed technique makes it possible to provide the required level of seismic resistance for the designed buildings based on the non-collapse criterion. As an ex-ample, the calculation of a multi-storey reinforced concrete building is considered. External seismic action is represented as a non-stationary random process. The external seismic action is considered as a non-stationary random process, which is obtained by multiplying the stationary random process by a deterministic envelope function. The parameters necessary for constructing the envelope and the stationary random process were obtained from the results of processing the available database of intense earthquakes. The stationary random process was generated by the shaping filter method. The impact parameters are based on the results of processing the available database of intense earthquakes. When modeling reinforced concrete structures, a concrete model is used with the function of damage accumulation under cyclic loads, as well as taking into ac-count the degradation of the strength and stiffness of the material during an intense earthquake. Accounting for the interaction of the building with the soil base is implemented using the SSI interface (Soil Structure Interaction). To prevent the influence of waves reflected from the boundaries of a limited ground massif, a PML layer (Perfectly Matched Layer) is used. The calculation was carried out using explicit methods for integrating the equations of motion on a computing cluster using parallel computing technology. The presented technique makes it possible to investigate the nature of the destruction of reinforced concrete structures during intense earthquakes and to identify zones with a deficiency in bearing capacity. The proposed probabilistic approach to modeling seismic impact as an implementation of a non-stationary random process with given parameters, together with taking into account the nonlinear deformation of the reinforced concrete structures of the building and foundation, allows you to control the level of reliability and design buildings with a given seismic resistance.
Variation-Difference Method of Calculation of Layered Rubber-Metal Vibration Isolators Used for Protection of Reinforced Concrete Buildings from Anthropogenic Vibration
Authors: Sizov D. K.
Published: March 2024

In the modern construction complex of the city of Moscow for the protection of buildings and structures from man-made vibration arising from the movement of trains of rail transportation (subway trains, railroad lines and trams). To protect buildings and structures from anthropogenic vibration arising from the movement of rail transport trains (subway trains, railroad lines and streetcars), Moscow uses layered rubber-metal vibration isolators [1]. Most often, to determine their static and dynamic characteristics, the finite element method (FEM) is used, which makes it possible to determine all components of the stress-strain state and frequencies of free oscillations in the loaded state practically for any structural forms of isolators. However, for the most popular software packages that implement FEM, the problem of optimizing the structural shape of the vibration isolator still requires significant time expenditures for multiple changes of the finite element mesh, repeated setting of boundary conditions and implementation of a series of calculations. Only some of the software packages implementing the FEM solve optimization problems of the shape of the product being calculated, most often it is related to foreign software products with universal functionality. Variation-difference method (VDM) is the closest to the finite element method (FEM) in terms of its computational capabilities. It is possible to create program modules that repeatedly and automatically solve three-dimensional problems of elasticity theory taking into account the changed geometry of the vibration isolator: the dimensions of the product, the location of perforations within the rubber layers, as well as the thickness of the rubber layer and other parameters important for obtaining an effective technical solution for vibration isolation of buildings. Further, the article describes the method of implementation of the variational-difference method (VDM) as applied to the solution of the problem of determining the components of the stress-strain state inside a three-dimensional layered vibration isolator with perforations of different sizes having different locations relative to the contour of the vibration isolator, i.e., the solution of the problem of optimizing the three-dimensional shape of the vibration isolator is given.
O último deus: uma investigação do lugar ontológico dos deuses no pensamento do Heidegger
Authors: Silva Marcos Ricardo da
Published: March 2024

Anterior a todo real e todo agir, anterior até aos deuses é a natureza. Pois ela é "mais velha que os tempos", e está acima dos deuses. A natureza não está um pouco sobre os deuses, como se fosse um âmbito do real "por cima" deles. A natureza está "acima" dos deuses. Ela é " potente", consegue algo diferente dos deuses: uma vez que é clareira, tudo se faz presente nela. Höderlin chama a natureza sagrada, pois é "mais velha que os tempos, e está acima dos deuses do Oeste e do Oriente". Portanto a "santidade" não é, de forma alguma, uma propriedade que pertença a um Deus subsistente. O sagrado não é sagrado porque é Divino; melhor dizendo, o Divino é que é divino porque é "sagrado" em sua essência. O Sagrado é a própria natureza. Heidegger, "Explicações da Poesia de Hölderlin".
The use of the iBrainstorm app in a collaborative argumentation-based learning context for developing listening comprehension skills by EFL learners
Authors: Yenkimaleki Mahmood , van Heuven Vincent J.
Published: March 2024

The present study investigated the use of the iBrainstorm app in a collaborative argumentation-based learning context for developing listening comprehension skills by EFL learners. Two groups of students were formed. All of them studied English as a foreign language at the BA level at Bu-Ali Sina University, Iran. Participants were assigned to groups at random. Participants took a pre-test of listening comprehension skills before starting the programme. The control group listened to authentic audio tracks in English and discussed their contents, watched authentic English movies, discussed issues in the movies in pairs in the classroom. The experimental group spent part of the time on theoretical explanation of, and practical exercises with, argumentation-based learning by the iBrainstorm application. The total instruction time was the same for two groups, i.e., 32 hours. Students then took a post-test and, a month later, a delayed post-test in listening comprehension skills. The results show that the use of the iBrainstorm app significantly improved the students’ listening comprehension skills, and significantly more so than those of the control group. These results have pedagogical implications for curriculum designers, material producers, and all who are involved in language study and pedagogy.
Tides and Low Horizon in Calculating the Beginning of the Qamariyah Month
Authors: Aulia Rizka , Himmatur Riza Muhammad
Published: March 2024

The lowness of the horizon is the plane that passes through the center point of the earth and is perpendicular to the vertical line. In general, during determination of the beginning of the month of Qamariyah, there is rarely a correction to the low horizon with the majority of these activities carried out on the beach. Tidal force is the fluctuation of sea water due to the attraction of celestial bodies. With the hypothesis that when the sea is in a state of high tide, the horizon is also higher and when the sea is at low tide the horizon is in a lower position. This study is intended to answer the problem of how the influence of tides on the low horizon? This research is a library research with primary data in the form of tidal data from Buku Tabel Pasang Surut Kepulauan Indonesia 2022 yang diterbitkan oleh Hidro-Oseanigrafi TNI AL. In this article, we will examine sea tides and their effect on the low horizon. With the result of tides the sea water does not affect the lowness of the horizon.
Quiste de colédoco Todani I en una paciente adulta: caso clínico y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Medina Ortega Marco Antonio , Vallejo Vallecilla Guillermo , Gomez Mosquera Ana Valeria
Published: March 2024

Los quistes de vía biliar se caracterizan por la dilatación de los conductos biliares intrahepáticos o extrahepáticos. Es una patología congénita poco frecuente, diagnosticada principalmente en niños. La presentación clínica en adultos suele ser inespecífica, pero importante debido a su riesgo aumentado de desarrollar carcinoma. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 37 años que consulta por dolor en epigastrio irradiado al hipocondrio derecho, asociado a emesis y coluria. La ecografía hepatobiliar resultó normal, pero debido al riesgo de coledocolitiasis se realizó una colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética en la que se evidenció una dilatación quística del colédoco proximal de aproximadamente 2 cm, clasificada como Todani tipo I. Los quistes de vía biliar se han asociado a varias complicaciones, y el colangiocarcinoma es la más importante. La probabilidad de malignización es mayor en adultos y en los quistes Todani tipo I.
Sangrado de tubo digestivo bajo por lesión de Dieulafoy rectal: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Cervín Báez Cristhel , Haro Orduño Sigifredo , González Altamirano Jorge , Aragón Ochoa Francisco Rafael
Published: March 2024

La lesión de Dieulafoy es una lesión vascular de 1-3 mm en la submucosa y representa del 1%-2% del total de hemorragias digestivas; 80% se localiza en el estómago y 15% en el duodeno, mientras que su hallazgo en el resto del tubo digestivo representa < 5%. En el siguiente trabajo se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 79 años que presentó choque hipovolémico por sangrado de tubo digestivo secundario a lesión de Dieulafoy rectal con manejo endoscópico inicial y posteriormente quirúrgico.
A position modification device for the prevention of supine sleep during pregnancy: a randomised crossover trial.
Authors: Wilson Danielle , Whenn Carley , Barnes Maree , Walker Susan , Howard Mark
Published: March 2024

Objective: to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of a
pillow-like position modification device to reduce supine sleep during
late pregnancy, and to determine the impacts on the severity of
sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and fetal wellbeing. Design: Randomised
cross-over study Setting and population: Individuals in the third
trimester of pregnancy receiving antenatal care at a tertiary maternity
hospital in Australia. Methods: Participants used their own pillow for a
control week and an intervention pillow for a week overnight, in
randomized order. Sleep position and total sleep time for each night of
both weeks was objectively monitored, with a sleep study and fetal heart
rate monitoring performed on the last night of each week. Main Outcome
Measures: Percentage of sleep time in the supine position,
apnoea-hypopnoea index, fetal heart rate decelerations and birthweight.
Results: Forty-one individuals were randomized with data collected on 35
participants over 469 nights. There was no difference in percentage of
total sleep time in the supine position overnight between the control or
intervention pillow week (13.0% [6.1, 25.5] v 16.0% [5.6,
27.2], p = .81), and no difference in the severity of SDB or fetal
heart rate decelerations across weeks. However, increased supine sleep
was significantly related to a higher apnea-hypopnea index (r
= .37, p = .003), lower birthweight (r
= -.45, p = .007) and lower customised birthweight
centile (r = -.45, p = .006). The proportion of supine
sleep each night of the week varied widely both within and across
participants, despite awareness of side-sleeping recommendations.
Conclusions: The adoption of a pillow designed to discourage supine
sleep was not effective in late pregnancy, with women spending an
average of one hour per night supine. Supine sleep was associated with
SDB and lower birthweight. Alternative devices should be investigated,
incorporating lessons learnt from this study to inform trials of supine
sleep minimisation in pregnancy. Clinical Trial Registration
Number – ACTRN12620000371998 (Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials
Registry)
PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN THE SAILFIN MOLLY III. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN REACTION NORMS OF GROWTH AND MATURATION TO TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY
Authors: Travis Joseph , Trexler Joel
Published: March 2024

Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a single genotype to produce
different phenotypes under different environmental conditions, plays a
profound role in several areas of evolutionary biology. However, it is
unclear how much reaction norms vary among conspecific populations and
whether differences in reaction norms represent adaptations to different
levels of environmental variation. We present data on the reaction norms
of growth and maturation to variation in temperature and salinity in
sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna) from three populations from South
Carolina (SC). This area is the northern edge of the species range and
we compare these reaction norms to those previously reported in
populations from north Florida (NF), which is the center of the species
range. In general, fish from SC displayed less plasticity than fish from
NF because they grew faster and matured earlier at the lower
temperatures and salinities compared to NF fish. Among fish from both
regions, males were much less plastic than females. In both sexes, fish
from SC matured at much younger ages than NF fish in the same
conditions. While there was no detectable heterogeneity among
populations from NF, males from one of the SC populations displayed a
strikingly different response in age at maturity to temperature
variation than did males from the other two SC populations, maturing
earlier at the lower temperature, rather than at the higher one. The
pattern in fish from SC is one of countergradient variation, in which
they grow faster and mature earlier in conditions that would otherwise
slow growth and delay maturity. This pattern is well-matched to the
cooler thermal regime and shorter growing season experienced in SC
populations, suggesting an adaptive divergence in reaction norms.
The Effects of Transcutaneous Aurıcular Vagus Stımulatıon on Sustaıned Attentıon and Depressıon in Indıvıduals Who Are Lıkely to Have Adhd
Authors: yıldız rıdvan , ÖZDEN ALİ VEYSEL , nişancı onur seçgin , demirkıran bedriye cansu
Published: March 2024

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effects of transcutaneous
auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on sustained attention and
depression in individuals with suspected attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD). Methods: Between May 1, 2022 and September 25, 2022,
the study included 60 students (9 males, 51 females; mean age: 21.11±1.6
years; range, 18 to 24 years) identified as being at high risk for
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants were
randomly assigned to either the intervention or control groups. Each
group consisted of 30 individuals. The intervention group received taVNS
in conjunction with mobile-assisted games and relaxation exercises,
while the control group received mobile-assisted games and relaxation
exercises alone. The data were collected using a descriptive information
form, the Beck Depression Inventory, and mobile-assisted assessment
parameters. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test,
t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Significant differences were
observed in the intervention group concerning the sub-parameters used to
measure attention and depression scale scores; however, in the control
group, all but one of the attention sub-parameters showed significant
differences. A comparison between the two groups revealed significant
differences in reaction times and Beck Depression Inventory scores in
favor of the intervention group. Conclusion: This study revealed that
taVNS can effectively improve attention (cognitive function) and
alleviate symptoms of depression.
Investigating the effect of an underdeveloped financial sector on non-oil export in Nigeria
Authors: Ogunjumo Rotimi
Published: March 2024

Several policies have been implemented in Nigeria to shift the export trade
from oil to non-oil goods; yet the share of non-oil export in total exports
remains very small compared to oil export, which may be due to the low level
of financial sector development in the country. Unlike previous studies on
Nigeria that focused exclusively on financial sector development and
aggregate export (combined exports of oil and non-oil goods), this study
concentrates on financial sector development and non-oil export using an
autoregressive distributed lag technique, the dynamic ordinary least squares
technique, and the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag technique over
the period 1986-2020. The empirical results showed that the relationship
between financial sector development and non-oil export is linear. Results
also showed that, in the short term, the country?s level of financial sector
development worsens exports of non-oil products. However, in the long term,
there is no connection between non-oil export and financial sector
development, which challenges the theoretical view that trade and financial
sector development are linked at any given time period. The study recommends
that the government and policymakers in Nigeria should make sure that the
financial sector is sufficiently developed, otherwise the goal to diversify
the export base may not be achieved.
Investigation of Wettability Behavior and Surface Topology of PVC Materials Used in Outdoor Applications
Authors: Çakır Musa Faruk , Karhan Mustafa , Issı Fatih
Published: March 2024

The wettability behavior is crucial in determining the materials' applications and durability. To assess the wettability behavior, the measurement of contact angle is utilized. In this study, commercially produced PVC profiles were sampled, and a contact angle measurement system, consisting of both software and hardware, was developed to measure the contact angle of the samples. The contact angle measurements were conducted by placing approximately 20 µl of distilled water on the samples, and each sample was measured six times, with the average being taken. A device for measuring roughness was used to determine the surface roughness of the samples, and the average roughness value was obtained from four different parts of each sample. Additionally, SEM images of each sample were taken to conduct surface and structural analyses. The correlation between roughness, SEM image analysis results, and contact angle was examined in the research study. Moreover, the wettability behavior of PVC materials was analyzed by evaluating the impact of the elements in their structure and their homogeneity on the contact angle values.
Numerical simulation and experimental study on the heat and mass transfer behavior during the pulsed laser cladding process
Authors: Li Chang , Sun Han , Zhao Junjia , Han Xing
Published: March 2024

Compared with continuous wave (CW), pulse wave (PW) perturbation results in a larger temperature change rate inside the cladding layer, which leads to a higher quality cladding layer. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model of laser cladding Fe60 powder was established. The multiphysics field coupling transient evolution and solute distribution under PW and CW operating modes were studied. The problem of lack of theoretical support for laser cladding process under different working modes in heat source was solved. Calculations show that at 1970 ms when the temperature is stable, the maximum temperature, flow rate, and stress under the PW mode are 2660 K, 0.34 m/s, and 354 MPa, respectively, which are smaller than those under the CW mode. The four solute distributions at stable temperature are as follows: The minimum mass fractions of Fe and Mn are 87% and 0.49% in the CW mode, and the maximum mass fractions of Cr and Ni are 11% and 5%. In the PW mode, the minimum mass fractions of Fe and Mn are 82% and 0.44%, and the maximum mass fractions of Cr and Ni are 14% and 5%. PW has a smaller heat input than CW, resulting in a smaller molten pool, so the elements in the molten pool are more fully mixed with other alloying elements. Metallographic experiments were performed using a scanning electron microscope to examine the mechanical properties on the fusion cladding layer, and the accuracy of the model was verified by combining numerical simulations with experimental studies for comparative analysis.
Medbestemmelsessystemets direkte medvirkning: Resultater fra et aksjonsforskningsprosjekt i sykehjem og barnehager
Authors: Øyum Lisbeth , Lebesby Kristin
Published: March 2024

I hovedavtalene i norsk arbeidsliv forplikter arbeidsgivere og arbeidstakere seg til å samarbeide om virksomhetsutvikling. Fokus for arbeidet er organisatorisk utviklingsarbeid, kompetanseheving, innføring av teknologi og forebyggende arbeidsmiljøarbeid. I Norge er mye av den empiriske forskningen på praktisering av topartssamarbeid om virksomhetsutvikling gjennomført i privat sektor. Denne artikkelen er et bidrag til forståelser av forutsetninger og muligheter for topartssamarbeid i kommunal sektor, og vi viser hvordan plasstillitsvalgte og enhetsledelse i kommunal sektor kan utvikle og styrke en slik praksis ved å initiere avgrensede organisasjonsutviklingstiltak som involverer ansatte. Problemstillingene som reises, er på hvilken måte plasstillitsvalgte opplever at sin rolle som samarbeidende utviklingsaktør med ledelsen kan praktiseres når de samtidig skal forsvare medlemmenes interesser. Vi diskuterer resultater fra et toårig aksjonsforskningsprosjekt med plasstillitsvalgte, lokale verneombud og enhetsledere i tre barnehager og tre sykehjem, hvor partene satte i gang organisatoriske endringsprosesser for å forbedre arbeidsmiljøet eller prøve ut nye strukturer for arbeidsorganisering. Artikkelen svarer på følgende forskningsspørsmål: (1) Hvordan kan plasstillitsvalgte utøve rollen sin i topartssamarbeid om strategisk virksomhetsutvikling, og (2) hvordan utfordrer dette den plasstillitsvalgtes ansvar som representant for de ansatte? Vi konkluderer med at de ansatte, som utgjør medvirkningssystemet, må involveres i utviklingsprosessene slik at de kan forstå hvordan systemet for medbestemmelse ivaretar deres interesser, til tross for et utviklingsorientert topartssamarbeid med ledelsen. I et slikt format kan topartssamarbeid om virksomhetsutvikling forstås som «medbestemmelsessystemets direkte medvirkning». 
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Shop stewards’ role as representatives in labour-management collaboration on business development: Findings from an action research project in nursing homes and kindergartens in Norway
The article discusses the effects of an action research project in kindergartens and nursing homes where local managers, shop stewards and local safety representatives collaborated in developing their practice of social dialogue by initiating business developments projects involving employees. The research question is: “In which way can shop stewards fulfil their role as representatives of employees when they enter joint business development activities with management?” We conclude by arguing that employees must be involved in shaping actions in the business development initiatives, in order for the union members to gain knowledge on why and how shop stewards’ collaborative practice with management do not threaten their ability to represent the interests of employees.
Specific features of anesthetic management in simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation in a recipient with morbid obesity
Authors: Lebedev M. V. , Kuznetsova N. K. , Talyzin A. M. , Korotkova E. A. , Zhuravel S. V.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Anesthetic management in simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation in recipients has some specific features. In addition to the presence of underlying pathology in the form of type 1 diabetes mellitus and secondary diabetic complications, pronounced comorbidities can often make some difficulties for an anesthesiologist.

Aim. We have reported a clinical case showing the specific features of anesthetic support for simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation in a recipient with morbid obesity.

Clinical Case Report. Specific features of the anesthetic management of a 42-year-old patient L. with morbid obesity (body mass index 43.3 kg/m2) and hypertension who underwent simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation have been described. A preoperative examination of this patient revealed predictors of difficult airways, so endoscopically assisted intubation was performed. The Trendelenburg position of the patient during surgical intervention due to an excess body weight led to the increased intrathoracic pressure intraoperatively. The pressure ventilation mode, the neutral position of the patient on the operating table, and the monitoring of ventilation efficiency made it possible to return the elevated intrathoracic pressure to normal. A preoperative examination by a cardiologist, timely diagnosis and treatment of hypertension at the stage of placing the patient on the waiting list made it possible to exclude adverse hemodynamic reactions at the main stages of the operation. The patient was extubated on surgery completion in the Operating Room. The pancreatic graft function and the kidney graft function were satisfactory.

Conclusion. Our approaches ensured the safety and efficacy of anesthesiological support and contributed to the successful implementation of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation in the recipient having the concomitant pathology in the form of morbid obesity.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TAX AVOIDANCE PADA PERUSAHAAN LQ45 DI BEI PERIODE 2019-2021
Authors: Sulia Sulia
Published: March 2024

Tax avoidance merupakan upaya dari perusahaan untuk meminimalisir beban pajak yang akan dibayar dengan memanfaatkan celah yang ada dalam perpajakan. Objective dari penelitian ini adalah menguji dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi Tax Avoidance. Penelitian ini berobjek pada emiten yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2019-2021. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 60 perusahaan. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah metode purposive sampling dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 34 perusahaan dengan total pengamatan 102. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dan diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak IBM SPSS AMOS 24. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Return on Asset (ROA) dan leverage tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tax avoidance. Sedangkan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap tax avoidance pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2019-2021.
FAKTOR APA SAJAKAH YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMAHAMAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN PADA IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA?
Authors: Diyani Lucia Ari , Oktapriana Chita , Rahman Huda Aulia
Published: March 2024

Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) Program has been launched since 2020. One of the requirements is that the courses offered are courses without prerequisites, but in practice there are courses with prerequisites. MBKM participants come from different study programs, so they have different absorption capacities. On the basis of these problems, a research idea emerged to look for factors that influence understanding of Financial Accounting Standards in the implementation of MBKM. The population uses MBKM participants in odd semester 2021/2022 Intermediate Accounting classes who come from public and private universities in Indonesia. Sampling using a purposive non-random method, more precisely judgment sampling. 124 respondents met the requirements and after conducting moderated regression analysis, the results of simultaneous testing were Education, Study Period, and Accounting Insights which had a positive effect on the understanding of all financial accounting standards issued by the Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia. While testing separately, Accounting Education and Insights had a positive effect but Study Period had no effect. In addition, the variable majors in high school are not able to moderate the influence of Education, Study Period and Accounting Insights on understanding of financial accounting standards. Research results can contribute input to universities and the government.