bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Responsibility Messages and Worker Wage Requirements: Field Experimental Evidence from Online Labor Marketplaces
Authors: Burbano Vanessa C.
Published: June 2016

This paper examines the effects of employer social responsibility on the wages workers demand through randomized field experiments in two online labor marketplaces. Workers were recruited for short-term jobs and I manipulated whether or not they received information about the employer’s social responsibility. I then observed the payment workers were willing to accept for the job. In the first experiment, information about the employer’s social responsibility marginally reduced prospective workers’ wage requirements on average and had a significant effect on the highest performers, who were willing to give up the wage differential they would otherwise demand. In the second, prospective workers submitted 44% lower wage bids for the same job after learning about the employer’s social responsibility. This paper provides causal empirical evidence of a revealed preference for social responsibility in the workplace, and of a greater preference among the highest performers. More broadly, it provides evidence that workers value purpose and meaningfulness at work, and it demonstrates that workers are willing to give up pecuniary benefits for nonpecuniary benefits. It furthermore highlights heterogeneity in worker preferences for nonpecuniary benefits by worker performance type.
Dynamic Cost Efficiency in Port Infrastructure Using a Directional Distance Function: Accounting for the Adjustment of Quasi-Fixed Inputs Over Time
Authors: Tovar Beatriz , Wall Alan
Published: June 2016

This paper analyzes dynamic efficiency in ports. Using parametric techniques we estimate a stochastic cost frontier to measure overall long-run cost efficiency and an input-oriented directional distance to measure dynamic technical efficiency for a set of 26 Spanish port authorities observed over the period 1993–2012. Technical inefficiency is conceived as the ability of ports to simultaneously expand gross investment and contract variable inputs while maintaining output constant. Ports in this framework are assumed to invest with a view to minimizing the present value of future production costs. Our results show that ports could achieve long-run cost savings of over 38%, two-thirds of which could be achieved by reducing input use and the remainder to changing the input-mix used.
Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite and ZnO Nanoparticles via Different Routes and its Comparative Analysis
Authors: Mahapatra P. , Kumari Shreya , Simran Simran , Sharma Shruti , Gaurav K. , Kumari N. , Kommu Parameshwar , Prabhakar P. , Bhattacharyya A. S.
Published: June 2016

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was prepared from egg shells by various routes using hexane and acetic acid followed by heat treatment. HAp has a wide application in water treatment by removal of metal ions. XRD of the samples showed use of acetic acid followed by high temperature sintering leads to formation crystalline phases of HAp. Strong evidence of CaCO3 in calcite phase was obtained in other samples. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have also been synthesized by different methods such as sol-gel, co- precipitate and green synthesis. The effect of different synthesis methods were investigated using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The structural properties of nanoparticles including particle size were calculated from XRD data. The XRD reveals that the prepared ZnO samples were highly crystalline, having wurtzite crystal structure. The comparative analysis shows variations in particle size with different synthesis methods.
Study of Proton Conducting PVdF based Plasticized Polymer Electrolytes Containing Ammonium Fluoride
Authors: Kumar R. , Sharma Shuchi , Dhiman N. , Pathak D.
Published: June 2016

Polymer electrolytes based on polyvinyledene fluoride (PVdF) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) have been prepared and characterized. Films of polyvinyledene fluoride and ammonium fluoride have been prepared by solution casting technique using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent. Maximum conductivity of 1.17 x 10-7 S/cm at room temperature has been obtained for polymer electrolytes containing 10wt% NH4F. The conductivity of polymer electrolyte has been increased by three orders of magnitude from 10-7 to 10-4 S/cm with the addition of dimethylformamide (DMF) as plasticizer. The increase in conductivity has been explained to be due to the dissociation of undissociated salt/ion aggregates present in the polymer electrolytes with the addition of high dielectric constant plasticizer (DMF). Maximum conductivity of 1.26 x 10-4 S/cm has been observed for plasticized polymer electrolytes. The variation of conductivity with temperature suggests that these polymer electrolytes are thermally stable and small change in conductivity with temperature is suitable for their use in practical applications like solid state batteries, fuel cells, electrochromic devices, supercapacitors etc.
Synthesis and Characterization of methyl Methacrylate Modified Poly (Ester-Amide) Resins from Melia Azedarach Seed Oil as Coating Material
Authors: Ahamad Sageer , Ahmad S. A. , Hasnat A.
Published: June 2016

Synthesis of polymeric materials from natural renewable resources has attracted a lot of attention of researcher throughout the world as they not only reduce the dependency on petrochemicals but also friendly to the environment. Utilization of non-traditional and non-edible vegetable oils in the synthesis of valuable polymeric materials solves the problem of waste disposal as well as bringing down the cost of end products. Melia azedrach seed oil (MASO), a non-traditional and non-edible seed oil is utilized for the synthesis of poly(ester-amide) (MAPEA) by the aminolysis with diethanolamine followed by step-growth polymerization with phthalicacid. To improve the performances and utility of the MAPEA,methyl methacrylate (MMA) classified as hard monomer in the literature of acrylate embedded to it in different phr to obtained methyl methacrylate modified poly (ester-amide) (MMMAPEA) resins. The MMMAPEA resins were characterized by physic-chemical analysis as per standard reported methods. The structural elucidation of the resin was carried out by spectral analyses. Physico-mechanical and chemical/corrosion resistance performances of the MMMAPEA resins were investigated for the optimization of MMA content.
Infection in total elbow arthroplasty with stable components
Authors: Streubel P. N. , Simone J. P. , Morrey B. F. , Sanchez-Sotelo J. , Morrey M. E.
Published: June 2016

Aims

We describe the use of a protocol of irrigation and debridement (I& D) with retention of the implant for the treatment of periprosthetic infection of a total elbow arthroplasty (TEA). This may be an attractive alternative to staged re-implantation.

Patients and Methods

Between 1990 and 2010, 23 consecutive patients were treated in this way. Three were lost to follow-up leaving 20 patients (21 TEAs) in the study. There were six men and 14 women. Their mean age was 58 years (23 to 76). The protocol involved: component unlinking, irrigation and debridement (I& D), and the introduction of antibiotic laden cement beads; organism-specific intravenous antibiotics; repeat I& D and re-linkage of the implant if appropriate; long-term oral antibiotic therapy.

Results

The mean follow-up was 7.1 years (2 to 16). The infecting micro-organisms were Staphylococcus aureus in nine, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in 13, Corynebacterium in three and other in six cases. Re-operations included three repeat staged I& Ds, two repeat superficial I& Ds and one fasciocutaneous forearm flap. One patient required removal of the implant due to persistent infection. All except three patients rated their pain as absent or mild. Outcome was rated as good or excellent in 15 patients (mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score 78 points, (5 to 100) with a mean flexion-extension arc of 103° (40° to 150°)).

Conclusion

A staged protocol can be successful in retaining stable components of an infected TEA. Function of the elbow may compare unfavourably to that after an uncomplicated TEA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:976–83.
The effect of using components from different manufacturers on the rate of wear and corrosion of the head–stem taper junction of metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties
Authors: Whittaker R. K. , Hothi H. S. , Meswania J. M. , Berber R. , Blunn G. W. , Skinner J. A. , Hart A. J.
Published: June 2016

Aims

Surgeons have commonly used modular femoral heads and stems from different manufacturers, although this is not recommended by orthopaedic companies due to the different manufacturing processes. We compared the rate of corrosion and rate of wear at the trunnion/head taper junction in two groups of retrieved hips; those with mixed manufacturers (MM) and those from the same manufacturer (SM).

Materials and Methods

We identified 151 retrieved hips with large-diameter cobalt-chromium heads; 51 of two designs that had been paired with stems from different manufacturers (MM) and 100 of seven designs paired with stems from the same manufacturer (SM). We determined the severity of corrosion with the Goldberg corrosion score and the volume of material loss at the head/stem junction. We used multivariable statistical analysis to determine if there was a significant difference between the two groups.

Results

We found no significant difference in the corrosion scores of the two groups. The median rate of material loss at the head/stem junction for the MM and SM groups were 0.39 mm3/year (0.00 to 4.73) and 0.46 mm3/year (0.00 to 6.71) respectively; this difference was not significant after controlling for confounding factors (p = 0.06).

Conclusion

The use of stems with heads of another manufacturer does not appear to affect the amount of metal lost from the surfaces between these two components at total hip arthroplasty. Other surgical, implant and patient factors should be considered when determining the mechanisms of failure of large diameter metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:917–24.
The clinical implications of metal debris release from the taper junctions and bearing surfaces of metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty
Authors: Sidaginamale R. P. , Joyce T. J. , Bowsher J. G. , Lord J. K. , Avery P. J. , Natu S. , Nargol A. V. F. , Langton D. J.
Published: June 2016

Aims

We wished to investigate the influence of metal debris exposure on the subsequent immune response and resulting soft-tissue injury following metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasty. Some reports have suggested that debris generated from the head-neck taper junction is more destructive than equivalent doses from metal bearing surfaces.

Patients and Methods

We investigated the influence of the source and volume of metal debris on chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) concentrations in corresponding blood and hip synovial fluid samples and the observed agglomerated particle sizes in excised tissues using multiple regression analysis of prospectively collected data. A total of 199 explanted MoM hips (177 patients; 132 hips female) were analysed to determine rates of volumetric wear at the bearing surfaces and taper junctions.

Results

The statistical modelling suggested that a greater source contribution of metal debris from the taper junction was associated with smaller aggregated particle sizes in the local tissues and a relative reduction of Cr ion concentrations in the corresponding synovial fluid and blood samples. Metal debris generated from taper junctions appears to be of a different morphology, composition and therefore, potentially, immunogenicity to that generated from bearing surfaces.

Conclusion

The differences in debris arising from the taper and the articulating surfaces may provide some understanding of the increased incidence of soft-tissue reactions reported in patients implanted with MoM total hip arthroplasties compared with patients with hip resurfacings. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:925–33.
No difference in clinical outcome between patient-matched positioning guides and conventional instrumented total knee arthroplasty two years post-operatively
Authors: Boonen B. , Schotanus M. G. M. , Kerens B. , van der Weegen W. , Hoekstra H. J. , Kort N. P.
Published: June 2016

Aims

We wished to compare the clinical outcome, as assessed by questionnaires and the rate of complications, in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) undertaken with patient-matched positioning guides (PMPGs) or conventional instruments.

Patients and Methods

A total of 180 patients (74 men, 106 women; mean age 67 years) were included in a multicentre, adequately powered, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. The mean follow-up was 44 months (24 to 57).

Results

There were no significant or clinically relevant differences between the two groups for all outcome measures (Knee Society Score, p = 0.807; Oxford Knee Score, p = 0.304; Western Ontario and McMaster osteoarthritis index, p = 0.753; visual analogue scale for pain, p = 0.227; EuroQol-5D-3L index score, p = 0.610; EuroQol-5D-3L VAS health, p = 0.968.) There was no difference in the rate of complications (p = 0.291).

Conclusion

PMPGs are already in relatively common use and their short-term clinical results are equal to conventional instrumented TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:939–44.
The role for arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in knees with degenerative changes
Authors: Lamplot J. D. , Brophy R. H.
Published: June 2016

Aims

Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee commonly have degenerative meniscal tears. Arthroscopic meniscectomy is frequently performed, although the benefits are debatable. Recent studies have concluded that there is no role for arthroscopic washout in osteoarthritis of the knee. Our aim was to perform a systematic review to assess the evidence for the efficacy of arthroscopic meniscectomy in patients with meniscal tears and degenerative changes in the knee.

Patients and Methods

A literature search was performed, using the PubMed/MEDLINE database, for relevant articles published between 1975 and 2015. A total of six studies, including five randomised controlled trials and one cross-sectional study of a prospective cohort, met the inclusion criteria. Relevant information including study design, operations, the characteristics of the patients, outcomes, adverse events and further operations were extracted.

Results

The degree of osteoarthritis in the patients who were included and the rate of cross over from one form of treatment to another varied in the studies. Two randomised controlled trials showed a benefit of arthroscopic surgery in patients with limited degenerative joint disease, compared with conservative treatment. One cross-sectional study showed that patients with less severe degenerative changes had better outcomes.

Conclusion

Patients with symptomatic meniscal tears and degenerative changes in the knee can benefit from arthroscopic meniscectomy, particularly if the osteoarthritis is mild. A trial of conservative management may be effective and should be considered, especially in patients with moderate osteoarthritis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:934–8.
The Smithsonian-Mason Semester for Conservation Studies: Advancing Innovative Ways to Teach the Practice of Conservation
Authors: DeLuycker Anneke , Buff Jennifer , Lessard-Pilon Stephanie , McNeil Jim
Published: June 2016

The Smithsonian-Mason Semester for Conservation Studies is the cornerstone of an innovative partnership between George Mason University and the Smithsonian Institution, established to educate future conservation practitioners in an experiential framework. This 16-credit residential program addresses complex conservation imperatives within diverse disciplines, including the biological, physical, and social sciences. We aim to teach conservation as conservation is practiced, engaging students in real-world experiences. The semester is rooted in an integrative teaching design, focusing on dialogue and problem-solving using case studies in immersive field and laboratory experiences. Students learn from a large number of conservation practitioners and professionals, often up to 50 in one semester, enabling a collaborative atmosphere in which students develop a professional network. Class sizes are kept deliberately small so that students may engage in intensive mentoring with faculty. Since the beginning of the program in 2008, faculty have been using a pre- and post-semester learning gains assessment, including quantitative and qualitative questions, to gauge student understanding of the academic subject matter and their proficiency with professional skills. Data from these assessments will be compiled and reviewed to evaluate student learning gains of complex skills within the field of conservation and investigate long-term career development outcomes of alumni.
Influence of Density on Properties of Compressed Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica) Wood Panels
Authors: Li Neng , Bao Minzhen , Chen Yuhe , Zhang Yamei , Bao Yongjie , Yu Wenji
Published: June 2016

Compressed wood panels (CWP) is a biomaterial that can potentially address common issues with fast-growing wood, including low density, high perishability, and low mechanical strength. As wood density is known to significantly affect material properties, this study examines the cellular structure, wettability, physicomechanical performance, water absorption (WA), and dimensional stability of compressed weeping willow wood panels (CWWWP) at various densities. The cellular structure was investigated by a scanning electron microscope, and major physicomechanical properties were also measured, i.e., modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and horizontal shear strength. Contact angle measurements and surface free-energy (SFE) calculations were used to elucidate CWWWP wettability. The experimental results showed that the cellular deformation, composite strength, and volume-swelling efficiency all tended to increase with increasing density. However, both the SFE and WA were negatively correlated with the CWWWP density. This study concludes that higher-density CWWWP, with better mechanical performance and lower WA, is suitable for structural wood products and engineering materials, whereas lower-density CWWWP is suited for use as decorative material because of its lower density and higher SFE, which increases the ease of coating and painting.
Picture perfect
Authors: Mohamed Salma , Butler Daniel P , Horwitz Maxim , McConaghie Greg
Published: June 2016

The potential role of the mobile phone in clinical photography
Lessons in leadership from… Sir Clive Woodward
Authors: Shah Jyoti
Published: June 2016

Our series on leadership continues this month with one of England’s greatest sporting leaders: Sir Clive Woodward.
The role of a community head and neck team in training foundation doctors
Authors: Long J , De Zoysa N , Jefford J , Tordesillas S , Oakley R
Published: June 2016

One experience of delivering community-based medical training in south-east London.
A good foundation?
Authors: Meecham L , Macano C , Brookes A F , Riera-Portell E M , Farquharson A L
Published: June 2016

FYI trainees may feel they gain sufficient surgical knowledge to practise as GPs, but do their supervising consultants agree?
Mr Slop and the secret password
Authors: Slop
Published: June 2016

The mysteries of modern technology have even made it as far as Midhampton.
Relación del gasto en ocio y vacaciones con variables del ciclo de vida del hogar, demográficas, geográficas y económicas
Authors: Portilla Idoia , Díaz de Rada Vidal , Abascal Fernández Elena
Published: June 2016

El gasto en ocio y vacaciones de los hogares puede depender de variables demográficas, geográficas y económicas asociadas al hogar o al sustentador principal. También afecta el tipo de hogar, cuya clasificación puede realizarse según los modelos considerados en la teoría del ciclo de vida del hogar (CVH). En este trabajo, se utiliza el programa estadístico SPAD para aplicar la metodología de la caracterización de la variable y analizar el poder explicativo de un total de doce variables sobre el gasto en “vacaciones todo incluido”, “servicios culturales” y otras cinco partidas destacadas del grupo “Ocio, espectáculos y cultura” de la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares (EPF) de España. El estudio confirma el interés de considerar variables como el número de dependientes para segmentar consumidores de ocio y vacaciones, pero no de variables más complejas basadas en modelos del CVH.
El bienestar y la conducta de los empleados de hotel en el contexto de la actual crisis económica
Authors: Zoghbi-Manrique-de-Lara Pablo , Verano-Tacoronte Domingo , Guerra-Báez Rita María
Published: June 2016

Se sabe poco sobre la medida en que la inseguridad laboral provocada por la crisis económica actual está afectando al comportamiento y rendimiento de los empleados del sector turístico. Este trabajo examina el posible impacto que i) la inseguridad laboral puede ejercer sobre la ansiedad y ii) depresión de los empleados de hoteles, y si estos estados de ánimo, a su vez, afectan su iii) comportamiento cívico (OCB) y iv) al rendimiento de sus tareas. Los datos fueron extraídos de 188 empleados de siete hoteles entre tres y cinco estrellas de la isla de La Palma (España). Los resultados respaldan efectos significativos de la inseguridad laboral sobre la ansiedad y la depresión. A su vez, conforme a lo esperado, la depresión afectó negativamente a la conducta del empleado, pero sólo a su comportamiento cívico (OCB) dirigido hacia la organización (OCB-O). Sin embargo, la ansiedad no se relacionó conforme a lo esperado, aumentando el OCB-O del empleado y el rendimiento de sus tareas, lo que pudiera perseguir un intento de protección de su puesto de trabajo. Los hallazgos nos permiten afirmar que la actual situación de crisis está afectando significativamente al empleado de hotel, perjudicando su estado de ánimo y, a través de la depresión, su conducta OCB-O.
Estrategias determinantes para la competitividad de un destino de sol y playa. El caso de Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México.
Authors: Velarde Valdez Mónica , Santillán Núñez María Aída , Magio Kennedy Obombo
Published: June 2016

El presente estudio se realizó con el propósito de dar un entendimiento global de la situación actual en lo referente a la competitividad de Mazatlán como destino turístico; conocer las particularidades del destino permite aplicar procedimientos innovadores y participativos en la búsqueda de competitividad, lo que favorece un mejor desarrollo turístico. El principal valor de esta investigación radica en la necesidad de identificar las estrategias para lograr competitividad y convertir el turismo de sol y playa en una palanca de desarrollo económico y generadora de empleos. El estudio se realizó bajo la perspectiva metodológica cualitativa ejecutada a través de diferentes métodos; por un lado, el enfoque de triangulación implicó análisis documental para contextualizar la competitividad turística del destino y por otro lado, análisis de datos generados de las discusiones en grupos focales con los actores de la actividad turística del destino.  Se revisaron los fundamentos teóricos de la competitividad sistémica, con referencia especial al Índice de Competitividad Sistémica de las Ciudades Mexicanas (ICSar-ciudades) únicamente para definir indicadores o categorías analíticas que fueron incluidos en la discusión (marco regulatorio, ambiente de negocios e infraestructura y recursos humanos, culturales y naturales). Entre los principales resultados, se destaca la necesidad empaquetar los atractivos turísticos del destino, lo cual permita constituir un producto turístico, tarifado y publicado como un elemento completo; la necesidad de contar con adecuados canales de distribución y comercialización; un adecuado sistema de movilidad en el destino que cubra las necesidades de los turistas; el fortalecimiento de la infraestructura turística para maximizar los flujos turísticos; colaboración de todos los niveles de gobierno e Instituciones, sectores públicos o privados en el diseño e implementación de planes de marketing.
La opinión del residente como criterio para la elaboración de rutas turísticas en el entorno urbano mediante SIG
Authors: Rubio Iborra Jose
Published: June 2016

La importancia de la actividad turística para las economías locales es un hecho constatado en las últimas décadas desde los diferentes organismos oficiales, tanto nacionales como internacionales. La mejora y cada vez mayor posibilidad de acceso a la tecnología permite desarrollar metodologías que faciliten el avance hacia modelos locales de turismo más eficientes e innovadores, acordes tanto con el valor y los recursos endógenos, como con las posibilidades reales del destino turístico en cuestión. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido desarrollar y aplicar una metodología que permita, a partir de la opinión de los residentes de la ciudad de Murcia, seleccionar los principales puntos de interés cultural de la capital para elaborar, mediante el uso de un SIG, una ruta turística óptima conformada a partir de la localización de dichos puntos.
Islam in Indonesia’s Foreign Policy, 1945-1949
Authors: Fogg Kevin W.
Published: June 2016

Although most policy studies argue there has been no influence of Islam on Indonesia's foreign policy, the foreign relations of the Republic of Indonesia during the revolution for independence provide a counter-example. Because of the greater role for society in conducting, rather than just influencing, foreign relations, Islam was used as a key element in Indonesia's diplomatic efforts in the Arab world between 1945 and 1949. This led to several key, early successes for Indonesia on the world stage, but changing circumstances meant that relations with the Arab world and thus the place of Islam in foreign policy were no longer prominent from 1948.[Meskipun sebagian besar studi mengenai kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia menyatakan tidak adanya pengaruh Islam dalam hal tersebut, kebijakan pada zaman revolusi kemerdekaan memperlihatkan adanya pengaruh itu. Karena adanya peran yang lebih besar bagi masyarakat dalam membentuk dan menjalankan kebijakan pada saat itu, Islam digunakan sebagai sebuah elemen pokok dalam menjalankan hubungan diplomatik Indonesia dengan dunia Arab dari tahun 1945 hingga 1949. Hal ini mengarah ke beberapa keberhasilan awal yang menonjol bagi Indonesia di pentas internasional. Namun, sesuai dengan perubahan keadaan dunia sesudah tahun 1948, hubungan dengan dunia Arab menjadi tidak sepenting sebelumnya serta peranan Islam semakin memudar dan tidak lagi menjadi elemen kebijakan luar negeri.]
On Popoviciu-Ionescu Functional Equation
Authors: Almira Jose M.
Published: June 2016

We study a functional equation first proposed by T. Popoviciu [15] in 1955. It was solved for the easiest case by Ionescu [9] in 1956 and, for the general case, by Ghiorcoiasiu and Roscau [7] and Radó [17] in 1962. Our solution is based on a generalization of Radó’s theorem to distributions in a higher dimensional setting and, as far as we know, is different than existing solutions. Finally, we propose several related open problems.
Determination of emissivity coefficient of heat-resistant super alloys and cemented carbide
Authors: Kieruj Piotr , Przestacki Damian , Chwalczuk Tadeusz
Published: June 2016

This paper presents the analysis of emissivity engineering materials according to temperature. Experiment is concerned on difficult to machine materials, which may be turned with laser assisting. Cylindrical samples made of nickel-based alloys Inconel 625, Inconel 718, Waspaloy and tungsten-carbides based on cobalt matrix were analyzed. The samples’ temperature in contact method was compared to the temperature measured by non-contact pyrometers. Based on this relative, the value of the emissivity coefficient was adjusted to the right indication of pyrometers.
Process influences and correction possibilities for high precision injection molded freeform optics
Authors: Dick Lars , Risse Stefan , Tünnermann Andreas
Published: June 2016

Modern injection molding processes offer a cost-efficient method for manufacturing high precision plastic optics for high volume applications. Besides form deviation of molded freeform optics, internal material stress is a relevant influencing factor for the functionality of a freeform optics in an optical system. This paper illustrates dominant influence parameters of an injection molding process relating to form deviation and internal material stress based on a freeform demonstrator geometry. Furthermore, a deterministic and efficient way for 3D mold correcting of systematic, asymmetrical shrinkage errors is shown to reach micrometer range shape accuracy at diameters up to 40 mm. In a second case, a stress-optimized parameter combination using unusual molding conditions was 3D corrected to reach high precision and low stress freeform polymer optics.
Assessment of the data on distribution, habitats and population size of Liparis loeselii (Orchidaceae) in Lithuania
Authors: Žalneravičius Egidijus , Gudžinskas Zigmantas
Published: June 2016

Liparis loeselii is a declining orchid species in almost all European countries, mostly because of habitat loss. Therefore, good knowledge about the species ecology, distribution and populations is required in order to substantiate measures for its conservation. The aim of this research was to evaluate all available information about distribution, habitat types and population sizes of L. loeselii in Lithuania, in order to reveal the current state of our knowledge and identify information gaps. The study was based on the analysis of herbarium specimens and information in publications and various databases (a total of 481 unique records were used: 118 from herbaria, 121 from literature and 242 from databases). Intensive accumulation of information about L. loeselii started in the second half of the 20th century and a particularly large number of records were made in the period from 2010 to 2015 during the implementation of inventory and mapping of EU Habitats all over Lithuania. A summary of all information about L. loeselii revealed that it was registered in a total of 93 grid squares, and is mainly confined to uplands. The available information is quite sufficient for the evaluation of the species distribution and prevailing habitats, but is incomplete for the evaluation of population sizes, demographic structures and population trends under changing habitat conditions. Additional investigations are, therefore, required to enable a more accurate assessment of the size and viability of the L. loeselii metapopulation in Lithuania.
New data on distribution and ecology of lichen Parmotrema stuppeum (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Belarus
Authors: Bely Pavel
Published: June 2016

The paper presents information about new localities of Parmotrema stuppeum, rare foliose lichen in Belarus. Both earlier known and new localities of the species are discussed. New data on the ecology of P. stuppeum in Belarus are provided.
Application of Sinusoidal Function and a 25–1Fractional Factorial Array in the Kinetics and Optimization Study of Gmelina Seed Oil Modified Alkyd Resin Synthesis
Authors: Uzoh Chigozie F. , Onukwuli Okechukwu D.
Published: June 2016

An overnight dry hard alkyd resin has been designed from non-drying gmelina seed oil (GSO). The study was enhanced through pseudo combined array (PCA) and a dynamic data processor (DDP). The GSO modified alkyd resin was synthesized through a two stage alcoholysis-esterification method using glycerol, phthalic and maleic anhydride. The DDP was designed for the conversion of the GSO acid functional group in the alkyd reactor on the basis of the third order kinetic model and sinusoidal function. Models describing the molecular properties (conversion, viscosity and molecular weight average) in terms of the process parameters were derived from multiple regression by integrating a 25–1fractional factorial array (FFA) in a central composite design (CCD) implemented with design expert. The fatty acid profile of the raw GSO was determined using GC-MS while structural elucidation of the raw GSO, chemically modified GSO and GSO based alkyd resins were determined using FTIR spectrometry. The synthesized alkyds show very good physic-chemico-mechanical properties. Specifically, the drying schedule shows that the GSO alkyd resin achieved a dry hard time of 8.3 h in presence of nano-ZnO pigment. The designed kinetic model was able to track the trajectory of the reaction motion such that the molecular properties falls within specification. The Optimum responses of 89.66 % conversion, viscosity of 293 cP and molecular weight average of 5,481 predicted, fall within the range suggested from the kinetic model. Correspondent experiments conducted with the predicted optimum conditions were in reasonable agreement with the predicted values.
Stimuli design for SSVEP-based brain computer-interface
Authors: Jukiewicz Marcin , Cysewska-Sobusiak Anna
Published: June 2016

The paper presents a process of stimuli design for SSVEP-based brain computer-interface. A brain computer-interface can be used in direct communication between a brain and a computer, without using muscles. This device is useful for paralyzed people to communicate with the surrounding environment. Design process should provide high accuracy recognition of presented stimuli and high user comfort. It is widely known how to make stimuli for BCI which are using high-grade EEG. Over recent years cheaper EEGs are becoming more and more popular, for example OpenBCI, which uses ADS1299 amplifier. In this article we review past works of other authors and compare it with our results, obtained using EEG mentioned before. We try to confirm that it is possible to use successfully OpenBCI in BCI projects.
Dual Port Antenna Combining Sensing and Communication Tasks for Cognitive Radio
Authors: Nachouane Hamza , Najid Abdellah , Tribak Abdelwahed , Riouch Fatima
Published: June 2016

Dynamic spectrum access has been proposed as the effective solution to overcome the spectrum scarcity issue, supported by cognitive radio technology. Sensing and communication functions are both the most important tasks in cognitive radio systems. In this paper, an antenna system combining sensing and communication tasks is proposed to be integrated into cognitive radio front-ends. The sensing task is performed by means of an ultra-wideband quasi-omnidirectional antenna. Whilst the communication task is ensured by using a narrowband antenna. Both antennas have been designed on the same layer of an FR4 substrate, for manufacturing cost constraint. Therefore, the isolation between them must take into consideration. The measured mutual coupling of less than -18 dB is achieved over the whole impedance bandwidth. The proposed sensing antenna covers a wide range frequency bands ranging from 2 to 5.5 GHz. While the communication antenna operates at 2.8 GHz, and by adding inductors to the antenna, the resonant frequency can be tuned from 2.6 to 2.7 GHz. The whole antenna system was designed, fabricated, and tested. Measurement and simulation results prove the feasibility of the proposed structure for cognitive radio applications.
Hierarchical Fast Selection of Intraframe Prediction Mode in HEVC
Authors: Siast Jakub , Stankowski Jakub , Domański Marek
Published: June 2016

In the new HEVC standard, there are 35 intraframe prediction modes. Therefore, real-time implementations need fast mode pre-selection to reduce the computational load of cost comparison for individual modes. In this paper, a simple technique is proposed to reduce the complexity of the Unified Intra Prediction by decreasing the mode candidate number evaluated in the Rough Mode Decision step. We call this approach hierarchical as we decrease stepwise the angles between the directions of the prediction modes that are tested. Obviously, the fast mode selection results in significant complexity reduction obtained at the cost of choosing a sub-optimum mode related to slightly reduced compression performance. In the paper, it is proposed how to calculate the trade-off between encoder complexity and compression performance, using the ratio of relative coding time reduction and average bitrate increase estimated for constant decoded video quality. Extensive experiments prove that this ratio is much higher for the proposed technique than for many other techniques from the references.
Performance of IP address auto-configuration protocols in Delay and Disruptive Tolerant Networks
Authors: Schoeneich Radosław O. , Sutkowski Patryk
Published: June 2016

At this moment there is a lack of research respecting Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) address assignment methods used in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN). The goal of this paper is to review the SDAD, WDAD and Buddy methods of IP address assignment known from MANET in difficult environment of Delay and Disruptive Tolerant Networks. Our research allows us for estimating the effectiveness of the chosen solution and, therefore, to choose the most suitable one for specified conditions. As a part of the work we have created a tool which allows to compare these methods in terms of capability of solving address conflicts and network load. Our simulator was created from scratch in Java programming language in such a manner, that implementation of new features and improvements in the future will be as convenient as possible.
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Leakage Power Reduction in VLSI Circuits
Authors: Leela Rani V. , Madhavi Latha M.
Published: June 2016

Leakage power is the dominant source of power dissipation in nanometer technology. As per the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) static power dominates dynamic power with the advancement in technology. One of the well-known techniques used for leakage reduction is Input Vector Control (IVC). Due to stacking effect in IVC, it gives less leakage for the Minimum Leakage Vector (MLV) applied at inputs of test circuit. This paper introduces Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to the field of VLSI to find minimum leakage vector. Another optimization algorithm called Genetic algorithm (GA) is also implemented to search MLV and compared with PSO in terms of number of iterations. The proposed approach is validated by simulating few test circuits. Both GA and PSO algorithms are implemented in Verilog HDL and the simulations are carried out using Xilinx 9.2i. From the simulation results it is found that PSO based approach is best in finding MLV compared to Genetic based implementation as PSO technique uses less runtime compared to GA. To the best of the author’s knowledge PSO algorithm is used in IVC technique to optimize power for the first time and it is quite successful in searching MLV.
Flexible Neural Network Architecture for Handwritten Signatures Recognition
Authors: Połap Dawid , Woźniak Marcin
Published: June 2016

This article illustrates modeling of flexible neural networks for handwritten signatures preprocessing. An input signature is interpolated to adjust inclination angle, than descriptor vector is composed. This information is preprocessed in proposed flexible neural network architecture, in which some neurons are becoming crucial for recognition and adapt to classification purposes. Experimental research results are compared in benchmark tests with classic approach to discuss efficiency of proposed solution.
Development of Free Electron Lasers in Europe Local and Global Implications – 2016
Authors: Romaniuk Ryszard S.
Published: June 2016

Free electron laser FELs are built in Europe mainlyB as nondependent infrastructures, or as a development of synchrotron ones. They are constructed mainly in centres which have considerable experience with synchrotron light sources of the third generation like DESY, Trieste, INFN, etc. Advances in very energetically efficient superconducting linear accelerators for electron beams, like TESLA type, caused an abrupt development of FEL machines all over Europe. New generation of FELs emits light beam of extreme intensity, good parameters, in IR, VIS, UV, EUV and X-ray spectral regions. The machine construction teams comprise also of young active researchers from Poland. In particular, these is a considerable participation of M.Sc. and Ph.D. students from Warsaw University of Technology at building of FLASH I, FLASH II, and EXFEL machines. Unique experiences gathered at work with these large experiments result in development of these young teams, and their further engagement in new initiatives: laser, laser – accelerator, inertial, plasma, plasma – energy, etc. This is what we observe with satisfaction. However, due to the lack of large research infrastructures in Poland, we are not members of the infrastructure owner clubs. Our young researchers may take part in the initiatives only indirectly as members of cooperative teams from the leading countries. As a further consequence, there is also a confined access of Polish laser and accelerator researchers to some kinds of European infrastructure development projects now under realization within the H2020.
Cultivar effect on the sweet cherry antioxidant and some chemical attributes
Authors: Skrzyński Jan , Leja Małgorzata , Gonkiewicz Aleksander , Banach Przemysław
Published: June 2016

This research was carried out to evaluate the phenolic composition, antioxidant capacities, sugars and organic acids content of sweet cherry cultivars (Bianca, Burlat, Johanna 1, Johanna 2, Kordia, Kunzes Kirsche, Merton Premier, Napoleon, Orleans, Regina, Rivan, Schneiders Spate Knorpelkirsche, Summit, Trebnitzer Lotkirsche) grown in Poland. Significant differences were observed between tested cultivars for all studied parameters.

The sum of total soluble solids ranged from 14.3 (‘Burlat’) to 20.9 g 100 g−1 FW (‘Bianca’) and that of organic acids from 0.43 (‘Burlat’) to 0.76 g 100 g−1 FW (‘Napoleon’). Fruit of Bianca cultivar showed the highest levels of anthocyanin (108.5 mg 100 g−1 FW) while ‘Napoleon’ and ‘Kunzes Kirsche’ contained the lowest levels (1.5 and 1.8 mg 100 g−1 FW, respectively). Total phenolic contents ranged from 101 (‘Napoleon’) to 558 (‘Bianca’) mg 100 g−1 FW, tartaric esters from 26.2 (‘Summit’) to 66.5 (‘Bianca’) mg 100 g−1 FW and flavonoids from 7.9 (‘Summit’) to 49.1 (‘Bianca’) mg 100 g−1 FW. Bianca cultivar has also the highest free radical scavenging activity assayed by ABTS and DPPH methods 88 and 90% respectively.
Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks Found in the Near Vicinity of Mariupolites within the Alkaline Oktiabrski Massif (SE Ukraine) – Preliminary Investigations
Authors: Dumańska-Słowik Magdalena , Heflik Wiesław
Published: June 2016

The preliminary results of the mineralogical and geochemical investigations of ultramafic (peridotite and pyroxenite) and mafic (olivine gabbro) rocks from the Mazurovski Field of the Oktiabrski Massif in South-eastern Ukraine are presented in this paper. Peridotite is mainly composed of olivine (forsterite), pyroxene (diallage), plagioclase (labradorite) and ore minerals such as magnetite, ilmenite and pyrite. Antigorite and talk are secondary components. Diallage with subordinate plagioclase, olivine and Fe compounds (oxides/sulphides) are found in pyroxenite. Gabro is made of two generations of plagioclase, diallage, olivine, biotite and amphiboles (hornblende and actinolite). Chlorite, talk and ore minerals (ilmenite, pyrite, Fe oxides/hydroxides) occur as its subordinate components. On the basis of their mineral composition peridotite was classified as wehrlite, pyroxenite as clinopyroxenite, whereas the mafic rocks are represented by olivine gabbro. The mafic rocks are most likely products orginating from calc-alkaline magma. Owing to the fact that chromite was not identified in periodite, it is very probable that this rock is loco-temperature differentation product of ultramorfic rocks. The ultrabasic rocks and enriched with Al2O3, CaO and Fe and complethy impoverished of REES and alkalis. Only one olivine gabbro shows some amounts of REEs (0.096 wt.% REEs with the distinct predominance of LREE over HREE) and alkalis (2.89–4.0 wt.% Na2O + K2O), which are surely genetically associated with alkaline rocks occurring in the near vicinity of the ultramafic and mafic rocks of the Oktiabrski Massif. The enrichment of gabbro in REEs and alkalis most probably proceeded post-magmatic activity.
Market Capacity of Coal for Heating and its Regional Differentiation as a Basis for Making Directions of Marketing Activities of Mining Companies in a Segment of Individual Customers
Authors: Bogacz Paweł
Published: June 2016

The article describes the importance of individual client in making level of demand for hard coal in Poland, and points to lack of use this potential by Polish hard coal producers. These arguments were derived firstly on the basis of analysis of the present structure of the hard coal market in Poland, including terms of the competitive situation. Secondly were taken into account characteristics of the level of demand for the product generated by the segment of individual clients. First of all the author focused on the second element, indicating the size and capacity of the quantitative and valuable part of the market for the year 2013. These analyses were carried out on the national level and in terms of individual provinces. In this way the level of the annual capacity of individual clients in Poland is 19.25 million Mg of hard coal. Taking into account prices of coal, calculation of the capacity of value is equal to 15.6 billion złoty per year. In regional terms the author also identified the most attractive in terms of capacity volumes and values Polish province, which included Mazowieckie and Silesia.
Prospective copper resources in Poland
Authors: Oszczepalski Sławomir , Speczik Stanisław , Małecka Kinga , Chmielewski Andrzej
Published: June 2016

The most significant copper reserves in Poland are confined to sediment-hosted stratiform Kupferschiefer-type deposits that occur at the Zechstein/Rotliegendes transition in the Fore-Sudetic Monocline and North-Sudetic Trough. Gradual depletion of shallow reserves results in exploitation of deeper beds. Latest studies of numerous drill hole cores strongly indicate that the Kupferschiefer series in SW Poland (outside the Lubin-Sieroszowice Copper District) contains a very large volume of prognostic, prospective and hypothetical resources.

38 prospects have been delineated (including 6 areas with prognostic resources, 4 with prospective resources, and 28 areas with hypothetical resources). Among the prospective areas, particular attention is paid to the areas adjacent to the existing mines of Lubin-Sieroszowice copper district, with prognostic resources (Białołęka, Grochowice, Kulów, Luboszyce). Also the areas: Nowiny, Żarków and Mirków are interesting due to accessible depths, Sulmierzyce and Janowo areas due to considerable resources and reasonable depth, and Mozów area – because of high Cu-Ag grading mineralized body with credible continuation to south east through Jany and Grochowice prospects, towards the Lubin-Sieroszowice mining district. It can be estimated that approximately 179 million tons Cu and 346 thousand tons Ag concentrated as potential resources in prospects of SW Poland for future mining, which will be possible, when geological and technological barriers (depth, temperature, oil and gas) will meet economic trends in the world market. Expected progress in underground mining at depths exceeding 1500 m (a depth limit for economic categories) will make this approach effective and technically possible.

Additional six prospective areas have been delineated in the contact zone between Upper Silesia and Małopolska blocks, where porphyry-type Mo-Cu-W mineralization (locally with skarns) occurs within porphyry/granitoid rocks and Ediacaran, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous metasediments and other sedimentary formations.

It should be noted, however, that irregular network of examined drill holes tended to simplify the ranges of prospects and to overestimate resource evaluation. Extensive deep exploration drilling is required to verify resource potential of granted and applied exploration licenses in several targets. The long-term challenges require new solutions for mining industry of the future and industrial market within the EU, to enable the reindustrialization of Europe.