bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaccinia Virus Particles Mix Inefficiently, and in a Way That Would Restrict Viral Recombination, in Coinfected Cells
Authors: Lin Y.-C. James , Evans D. H.
Published: December 2009

It is well established that poxviruses are subjected to genetic recombination, but attempts to map vaccinia virus genes using classical genetic crosses were historically confounded by high levels of experimental noise and a poor correlation between physical and genetic map distances. These virus-by-virus crosses also never produced the 50% recombinant progeny that should be seen in experiments involving distant markers. Poxviruses replicate in membrane-wrapped cytoplasmic structures called virosomes (or factories) and we have developed a method for tracking the development of these structures using live cell imaging and cells expressing phage lambda Cro protein fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The EGFP-cro protein binds nonspecifically to DNA and permits live cell imaging of developing vaccinia virus factories. Using this method, we see virosomes first appearing about 4 to 5 h postinfection. The early virosomes exhibit a compact appearance and then, after a period of exponential growth lasting several hours, blur and start to dissipate in a process presumably linked to viral packaging. During the growth period, the virosomes migrate toward the nuclear periphery while colliding and fusing at a rate dependent upon the numbers of infecting particles. However, even at high multiplicities of infection (10 PFU/cell), we estimate ∼20% of the virosomes never fuse. We have also used fluorescence
in situ
hybridization (FISH) methods to study virosomes formed by the fusion of viruses carrying different gene markers. FISH showed that DNA mixes rather poorly within fused virosomes and the amount of mixing is inversely dependent on the time between virosome appearance and fusion. Our studies suggest that the intracellular movement and mixing of virosomes create constraints that reduce opportunities for forming recombinants and that these phenomena create outcomes reflected in classical poxvirus genetics.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Genomic RNA PersistsIn Vivoin the Absence of Viral Replication
Authors: Simon Ian D. , van Rooijen Nico , Rose John K.
Published: December 2009

Our previous studies using intranasal inoculation of mice with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vaccine vectors showed persistence of vector genomic RNA (gRNA) for at least 60 days in lymph nodes in the absence of detectable infectious virus. Here we show high-level concentration of virus and gRNA in lymph nodes after intramuscular inoculation of mice with attenuated or single-cycle VSV vectors as well as long-term persistence of gRNA in the lymph nodes. To determine if the persistence of gRNA was due to ongoing viral replication, we developed a tagged-primer approach that was critical for detection of VSV mRNA specifically. Our results show that VSV gRNA persists long-term in the lymph nodes while VSV mRNA is present only transiently. Because VSV transcription is required for replication, our results indicate that persistence of gRNA does not result from continuing viral replication. We also performed macrophage depletion studies that are consistent with initial trapping of VSV gRNA largely in lymph node macrophages and subsequent persistence elsewhere in the lymph node.
Discovery of 2-Aminothiazoles as Potent Antiprion Compounds
Authors: Ghaemmaghami Sina , May Barnaby C. H. , Renslo Adam R. , Prusiner Stanley B.
Published: December 2009

Prion diseases are fatal, untreatable neurodegenerative diseases caused by the accumulation of the misfolded, infectious isoform of the prion protein (PrP), termed PrP
Sc
. In an effort to identify novel inhibitors of prion formation, we utilized a high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate PrP
Sc
reduction in prion-infected neuroblastoma cell lines (ScN2a). We screened a library of ∼10,000 diverse small molecules in 96-well format and identified 121 compounds that reduced PrP
Sc
levels at a concentration of 5 μM. Four chemical scaffolds were identified as potential candidates for chemical optimization based on the presence of preliminary structure-activity relationships (SAR) derived from the primary screening data. A follow-up analysis of a group of commercially available 2-aminothiazoles showed this class as generally active in ScN2a cells. Our results establish 2-aminothiazoles as promising candidates for efficacy studies of animals and validate our drug discovery platform as a viable strategy for the identification of novel lead compounds with antiprion properties.
Der Streit um den ,,nordischen Gedanken“ in der völkischen Bewegung
Authors: Breuer Stefan
Published: December 2009

This essay analyzes the tensions that the rise of “Nordic racism” associated with Hans F. K. Günther triggered within the völkisch movement in the 1920s. Using the examples of the “Deutschbund,” the völkisch wing of the German youth movement “Bündische Jugend” and the German Aristocrats' Association “Deutsche Adelsgenossenschaft,” this essay shows that the reception of the Nordic idea was partially based on misunderstandings and distortions but was also met with open disagreement.
Thyroid Hormone-Induced Cardiac Mechano Growth Factor Expression Depends on Beating Activity
Authors: van Dijk-Ottens Miriam , Vos Ingrid H. C. , Cornelissen Peter W. A. , de Bruin Alain , Everts Maria E.
Published: December 2009

The mechano growth factor (MGF), a splice variant of the IGF-I gene, was first discovered in mechanically overloaded skeletal muscle and was shown to play an important role in proliferation of muscle stem cells. Since then, the presence and effects of MGF have been demonstrated in other tissues. MGF has been shown to act neuroprotectively during brain ischemia, and pretreatment with MGF before myocardial infarction improves cardiac function. Because MGF plays a permissive role in exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy, we hypothesize that MGF is commonly involved in cardiac hypertrophy. To investigate the regulation of MGF expression in heart, mice were treated with thyroid hormone (T3) for 12 d to induce physiological cardiac hypertrophy. MGF mRNA expression was specifically increased in midregions of the septum and left ventricular wall. Interestingly, MGF expression strongly correlated with the increased or decreased beating frequency of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid hearts. To further investigate the mechanically dependent induction of MGF, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated and exposed to T3. Upon T3 treatment, cardiomyocytes increased both contractile activity measured as beats per minute and MGF as well as IGF-IEa mRNA expression. Importantly, when cardiomyocytes were contractile arrested by KCl, simultaneous exposure to T3 prevented the up-regulation of MGF, whereas IGF-IEa was still induced. These studies demonstrated that MGF but not IGF-IEa expression is dependent on beating activity. These findings suggest that MGF is specifically stimulated by mechanical loading of the heart to mediate the hypertrophic response to thyroid hormone.
Optimal Choice of the Best Available Applicant in Full-Information Models
Authors: Tamaki Mitsushi
Published: December 2009

The problem we consider here is a full-information best-choice problem in which n applicants appear sequentially, but each applicant refuses an offer independently of other applicants with known fixed probability 0≤q<1. The objective is to maximize the probability of choosing the best available applicant. Two models are distinguished according to when the availability can be ascertained; the availability is ascertained just after the arrival of the applicant (Model 1), whereas the availability can be ascertained only when an offer is made (Model 2). For Model 1, we can obtain the explicit expressions for the optimal stopping rule and the optimal probability for a given n. A remarkable feature of this model is that, asymptotically (i.e. n→∞), the optimal probability becomes insensitive to q and approaches 0.580 164. The planar Poisson process (PPP) model provides more insight into this phenomenon. For Model 2, the optimal stopping rule depends on the past history in a complicated way and seems to be intractable. We have not solved this model for a finite n but derive, via the PPP approach, a lower bound on the asymptotically optimal probability.
Improved current collection in WO3:Mo/WO3 bilayer photoelectrodes
Authors: Gaillard Nicolas , Cole Brian , Kaneshiro Jess , Miller Eric L. , Marsen Bjorn , Weinhardt Lothar , Bär Marcus , Heske Clemens , Ahn Kwang-Soon , Yan Yanfa , Al-Jassim Mowafak M.
Published: December 2009

We report on the incorporation of molybdenum into tungsten oxide by co-sputtering and its effect on solar-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Our study shows that Mo incorporation in the bulk of the film (WO3:Mo) results in poor PEC performance when compared with pure WO3, most likely due to defects that trap photo-generated charge carriers. However, when a WO3:Mo/WO3 bilayer electrode is used, a 20% increase of the photocurrent density at 1.6 V versus saturated calomel reference electrode is observed compared with pure WO3. Morphological and microstructural analysis of the WO3:Mo/WO3 bilayer structure reveals that it is formed by coherent growth of the WO3:Mo top layer on the WO3 bottom layer. This effect allows an optimization of the electronic surface structure of the electrode while maintaining good crystallographic properties in the bulk.
Photoelectrochemical responses of anodized titanium oxide films
Authors: Kar Archana , Pando Ryan , (Ravi) Subramanian Vaidyanathan
Published: December 2009

Thin titanium films of 200 nm thickness were prepared by physical vapor deposition over conducting glass plates and anodized to form titanium oxide nanostructured film that demonstrates photoactivity under ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) illumination. Absorbance and photoelectrochemical measurements indicate that the anodized and nitrogen annealed films absorb UV-vis (λ = 300 to 800 nm) illumination to produce a current of 2.5 mA at 0 V and 3 mA at +0.4 V versus Ag/AgCl. A photocurrent of 110 μA and an open-circuit photovoltage (VOC) of 300 mV was noted without application of external bias. Long-term stability tests showed that the photocurrent was stable for 2 h under continuous illumination. The titanium oxide prepared from a small fraction of titanium deposited over conducting glass demonstrates almost similar activity compared with titanium oxides prepared on foils. The material offers promising potential in other applications such as environmental remediation and photocatalytic water splitting.
Arylation of chloroanthraquinones by surprisingly facile Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Thiemann Thies , Tanaka Yasuko , Iniesta Jesus , Varghese H. Tresa , Pannicker C. Yohannan
Published: December 2009

Chloroanthraquinones were found to undergo facile Suzuki–cross coupling with substituted phenyl boronic acids using a commercial catalyst Pd(PPh3)4 and with Pd(PPh3)4 prepared in situ from Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 and PPh3.
Reduction cleavage of S–S bond by Zn/Cp2TiCl2: Application for the synthesis of β-arylthiocarbonyl compounds
Authors: Xu Xiao Bo , Yin Xian Hong , Zhu Yu Yang , Xu Xin Hua , Luo Tao , Li Yin Hui , Lu Xiong , Shao Ling Ling , Pan Jian Gao , Yang Rong Hua
Published: December 2009

Diaryl disulfides were reduced efficiently by a Zn/Cp2TiCl2 system at room temperature in dry THF to give the corresponding nucleophilic sulfur anion–titanocene complex, followed by reaction with α, β-unsaturated esters (ketones or nitriles) to afford the corresponding β-arylthioesters(ketone or nitrile) in good yields.
Thébault's theorem
Authors: Veljan Darko , Volenec Vladimir
Published: December 2009

Ende der dreissiger Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts stellte der französische Geometer Victor Thébault im
American Mathematical Monthly
eine Aufgabe zur Dreiecksgeometrie. Überraschenderweise wurde die erste Lösung dieses Problems erst knapp ein halbes Jahrhundert später veröffentlicht, ebenfalls im
Monthly
. Die Autoren liefern in diesem Beitrag einen weiteren, elementaren Beweis des Satzes von Thébault, indem sie eine Charakterisierung von Kreisen geben, die eine Dreiecksseite und den Umkreis des Dreiecks berühren. Darüber hinaus diskutieren sie am Ende mögliche Verallgemeinerungen des Satzes von Thébault in drei Dimensionen.
Performance analysis of data scheduling algorithms for multi‐item requests in multi‐channel broadcast environments
Authors: Liu Kai , Lee Victor C. S.
Published: December 2009

Nowadays querying multiple‐dependent data items in a request is common in many advanced mobile applications, such as traffic information enquiry services. In addition, multi‐channel architectures are widely deployed in many data dissemination systems. In this paper, we extend a number of data productivity‐based scheduling algorithms and evaluate their performance in scheduling multi‐item requests in multi‐channel broadcast environments. We observe from the experimental results two performance problems that render these algorithms ineffective. Lastly, we discuss possible causes of these problems to give insights in the design of a better solution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quetiapine: a new option in bipolar depression
Authors: Palazidou Eleni
Published: December 2009

Bipolar disorder is a condition characterised by periods of depression, mania or depressive and manic symptoms appearing together. Depression is the predominant symptom and is often responsible for poor quality of life. The condition is treatable, but poor compliance is a major problem. Pharmacological treatments include lithium (although it has poor efficacy in depression), valproate and olanzapine (which can cause metabolic syndrome). In this article, Dr Palazidou considers quetiapine, a second‐generation antipsychotic agent, for the treatment of bipolar depression and mania, as well as mixed affective states in bipolar I disorder. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating time to steady state using the effective rate of drug accumulation
Authors: Panebianco Deborah L. , Maes Andrea
Published: December 2009

Unless all of a drug is eliminated during each dosing interval, the plasma concentrations within a dosing interval will increase until the time course of change in plasma concentrations becomes invariant from one dosing interval to the next, resulting in steady state. A simple method for estimating drug concentration time to steady state based on multiple dose area under the plasma concentration–time curve and effective rate of drug accumulation is presented. Several point estimates and confidence intervals for time to 90% of steady state are compared, and a recommendation is made on how to summarize and present the results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust identification/invalidation in an LPV framework
Authors: Bianchi Fernando D. , Sánchez‐Peña Ricardo S.
Published: December 2009

A robust linear parameter varying (LPV) identification/invalidation method is presented. Starting from a given initial model, the proposed method modifies it and produces an LPV model consistent with the assumed uncertainty/noise bounds and the experimental information. This procedure may complement existingnominalLPV identification algorithms, by adding the uncertainty and noise bounds which produces a set of models consistent with the experimental evidence. Unlike standard invalidation results, the proposed method allows the computation of the necessary changes to the initial model in order to place it within the consistency set. Similar to previous LPV identification procedures, the initial parameter dependency is fixed in advance, but here a methodology to modify this dependency is presented. In addition, all calculations are made on state‐space matrices which simplifies further controller design computations. The application of the proposed method to the identification of nonlinear systems is also discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attacking the kad network—real world evaluation and high fidelity simulation using DVN
Authors: Wang Peng , Tyra James , Chan‐Tin Eric , Malchow Tyson , Kune Denis Foo , Hopper Nicholas , Kim Yongdae
Published: December 2009

The Kad network, an implementation of the Kademlia DHT protocol, supports the popular eDonkey peer‐to‐peer file sharing network and has over 1 million concurrent nodes. We describe several attacks that exploit critical design weaknesses in Kad to allow an attacker with modest resources to cause a significant fraction of all searches to fail. We measure the cost and effectiveness of these attacks against a set of 16 000 nodes connected to the operational Kad network. Using our large‐scale simulator, DVN, we successfully scaled up to a 200 000 node experiment. We also measure the cost of previously proposed, generic DHT attacks against the Kad network and find that our attacks are much more cost effective. Finally, we introduce and evaluate simple mechanisms to significantly increase the cost of these attacks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emergency Care of the Abused
Authors: Gallahue Fiona E. , Melville Laura D.
Published: December 2009

Any general practitioner, pediatrician, or emergency physician will appreciate the easy-to-read, accessible information available in this book which will assist the health care practitioner in managing the acute care of abused patients. It is not intended to be an exhaustive study of each topic, but a quick reference and practical guide for those in the clinical arena who see such patients. Covering a wide range of the abuse that a health care practitioner may see from domestic violence and child abuse to trafficking and torture, topics which are not commonly included in textbooks, it also discusses the cultural influences on managing and investigating abuse. Each chapter has goals and objectives to maximize educational reading on the topic, photographs and tables to assist the clinician, legal aspects of the emergency situation, and quick reference pages to assist the practitioner dealing with an abused patient in an emergency.
Fiction and the Law
Authors: Dolin Kieran
Published: December 2009

Law and literature have been two of the most powerful discourses in the construction of social reality. The relationship between the two has emerged as a vital area of study, as literary representation has proved immensely influential in framing popular understanding of law. In Fiction and the Law: Legal Discourse in Victorian and Modernist Literature Kieran Dolin examines the dialectical interplay between legal discourse and the novel in the century between Walter Scott and E. M. Forster, the period when the institution of the law was undergoing radical reform and the novel was at the peak of its cultural power. Dolin's comprehensive study argues that this cultural power is attributable in part to the novel's critical engagement with the law. His study draws on legal and literary theory to trace this important convergence of disciplines in a series of canonical Victorian and Modernist texts.
Edouard Glissant
Authors: Dash J. Michael
Published: December 2009

Edouard Glissant is an accomplished and influential novelist and poet, and has recently emerged as a major theorist in Caribbean studies and post-colonial literature. In this first full-length study of Glissant's creative and theoretical work J. Michael Dash examines his poems, novels, plays and essays in the context of modern French literary movements and the post-negritude Caribbean situation, providing both a useful introduction to, and a challenging assessment of, Glissant's work to date. Dash shows how Glissant has focused in an unprecedented way on the Caribbean in terms of the diverse and hybrid culture that has been created in the region, and how his ideas on a cross-cultural politics are the shaping force in the francophone Caribbean 'Creolite' movement.
The Making of English National Identity
Authors: Kumar Krishan
Published: December 2009

Why is English national identity so enigmatic and so elusive? Why, unlike the Scots, Welsh, Irish and most of continental Europe, do the English find it so difficult to say who they are? The Making of English National Identity, first published in 2003, is a fascinating exploration of Englishness and what it means to be English. Drawing on historical, sociological and literary theory, Krishan Kumar examines the rise of English nationalism and issues of race and ethnicity from earliest times to the present day. He argues that the long history of the English as an imperial people has, as with other imperial people like the Russians and the Austrians, developed a sense of missionary nationalism which in the interests of unity and empire has necessitated the repression of ordinary expressions of nationalism. Professor Kumar's lively and provocative approach challenges readers to reconsider their pre-conceptions about national identity and who the English really are.
Bankruptcy of Empire
Authors: Marichal Carlos
Published: December 2009

Originally published in 2007, this book incorporates the rich literature on the history of the fiscal organization and financial dynamics of the Spanish empire within the broader historical debates on rival European imperial states from 1760 to 1810. The focus is on colonial Mexico because it served as a fiscal and financial submetropolis that ensured the capacity of the imperial state to defend itself in a time of successive international conflicts. Throughout the reign Charles IV, the finances of the Spanish state began to sink. This collapse was caused by the enormous expense of waging successive wars in the Americas and Europe. In each war, colonial Mexico was a most important source of resources for the Crown, but these demands gradually outstripped the tax base of the viceroyalty despite the extraordinary silver boom of the late eighteenth century. The bankruptcy of the Spanish monarchy and its empire was the inevitable consequence.
Human Rights and Structural Adjustment
Authors: Abouharb M. Rodwan , Cingranelli David
Published: December 2009

'Structural adjustment' has been a central part of the development strategy for the 'third world'. Loans made by the World Bank and the IMF have been conditional on developing countries pursuing rapid economic liberalization programmes as it was believed this would strengthen their economies in the long run. M. Rodwan Abouharb and David Cingranelli argue that, conversely, structural adjustment agreements usually cause increased hardship for the poor, greater civil conflict, and more repression of human rights, therefore resulting in a lower rate of economic development. Greater exposure to structural adjustment has increased the prevalence of anti-government protests, riots and rebellion. It has led to less respect for economic and social rights, physical integrity rights, and worker rights, but more respect for democratic rights. Based on these findings, the authors recommend a human rights-based approach to economic development.
The Moral Force of Indigenous Politics
Authors: Jung Courtney
Published: December 2009

Tracing the political origins of the Mexican indigenous rights movement, from the colonial encounter to the Zapatista uprising, and from Chiapas to Geneva, Courtney Jung locates indigenous identity in the history of Mexican state formation. She argues that indigenous identity is not an accident of birth but a political achievement that offers a new voice to many of the world's poorest and most dispossessed. The moral force of indigenous claims rests not on the existence of cultural differences, or identity, but on the history of exclusion and selective inclusion that constitutes indigenous identity. As a result, the book shows that privatizing or protecting such groups is a mistake and develops a theory of critical liberalism that commits democratic government to active engagement with the claims of culture. This book will appeal to scholars and students of political theory, philosophy, sociology, and anthropology studying multiculturalism and the politics of culture.
Metaphysical Myths, Mathematical Practice
Authors: Azzouni Jody
Published: December 2009

Most philosophers of mathematics try to show either that the sort of knowledge mathematicians have is similar to the sort of knowledge specialists in the empirical sciences have or that the kind of knowledge mathematicians have, although apparently about objects such as numbers, sets, and so on, isn't really about those sorts of things as well. Jody Azzouni argues that mathematical knowledge really is a special kind of knowledge with its own special means of gathering evidence. He analyses the linguistic pitfalls and misperceptions philosophers in this field are often prone to, and explores the misapplications of epistemic principles from the empirical sciences to the exact sciences. What emerges is a picture of mathematics both sensitive to mathematical practice, and to the ontological and epistemological issues that concern philosophers.
Parallel Computing
Authors: Fountain T. J.
Published: December 2009

This book sets out the principles of parallel computing in a way which will be useful to student and potential user alike. It includes coverage of both conventional and neural computers. The content of the book is arranged hierarchically. It explains why, where and how parallel computing is used; the fundamental paradigms employed in the field; how systems are programmed or trained; technical aspects including connectivity and processing element complexity; and how system performance is estimated (and why doing so is difficult). The penultimate chapter of the book comprises a set of case studies of archetypal parallel computers, each study written by an individual closely connected with the system in question. The final chapter correlates the various aspects of parallel computing into a taxonomy of systems.
Negotiation and the Global Information Economy
Authors: Singh J. P.
Published: December 2009

What role do diplomacy and negotiations play in economic globalization? Many argue that great powers shape diplomacy to their advantage, others that, in a 'flat world', diplomacy helps everyone. Going beyond these polarized views, this book explores the conditions under which negotiations matter and the ways in which diplomacy is evolving in the global commercial arena. J. P. Singh argues that where there is a diffusion or decentralization of power among global actors, diplomacy can be effective in allowing the adjustment of positions so that mutual gains will result. In contrast, when there is a concentration of power, outcomes tend to benefit the strong. There will be little alteration in perception of interest, and coercion by strong powers is common. Singh's book suggests that there are possibilities for transformational problem-solving through multilateral diplomacy. Empirically, the book examines the most important information-age trade issues.
Old English Biblical Verse
Authors: Remley Paul G.
Published: December 2009

This is an extended study of the Old Testament poems of the Junius collection as a group. The circumstances surrounding their composition and transmission are mysterious: none is ascribed to a named author and none situated even relatively within the development of Anglo-Saxon Christian poetry. This book seeks to breach this critical impasse by allowing the biblical content of the Junius poems to tell its own story. Paul G. Remley compares them with genuine early medieval texts that are most likely to have circulated in Anglo-Saxon centres, and sets out the full range of variants. He offers engaging exercises in hermeneutic and reader-response criticism. The introductory chapter reviews five centuries of Anglo-Saxon history. All citations of Old English, Latin, and Greek texts are accompanied by modern English translations, making the book accessible to general readers as well as specialists.
Shakespeare's Clown
Authors: Wiles David
Published: December 2009

This book argues that a professional Elizabethan theatre company always contained one actor known as 'the clown'. Its focus is Will Kemp, clown to the Chamberlain's Men from 1594 to 1599 and famed for his solo dance from London to Norwich in 1600. David Wiles combines textual, theatrical and biographical lines of research in order to map out Kemp's career. He shows how Shakespeare and other dramatists made use of Kemp's talents and wrote specific roles as vehicles for him. He discerns a perpetual and productive tension between the ambitions of a progressive writer and the aspirations of a traditional actor whose art was rooted in improvisation. The book also describes the clown tradition in general, dealing with Kemp's inheritance from medieval theatre, with the work of Richard Tarlton, the great comic actor of the 1570s and 1580s, and with Kemp's successor, Robert Armin, who created the 'fool' parts in Shakespeare.
Eighteenth-Century Satire
Authors: Weinbrot Howard D.
Published: December 2009

Howard D. Weinbrot here collects thirteen of his most important essays on Restoration and eighteenth-century British satire. Divided into sections on 'contexts' and 'texts', the essays range widely and deeply across the spectrum of satiric kinds, satirists, satires, and scholarly and critical problems. In 'Contexts', Professor Weinbrot discusses the pattern of formal verse satire of blame and praise popularized by Dryden in 1693 and influential throughout the next century, challenges the traditional view that Hprace and 'Augustanism' define eighteenth-century satire, and focuses on the vexed question of whether there was indeed a 'persona' or theory of masking at work in eighteenth-century satire. In 'Texts' he deals with several of the most important verse satirists and satires of the period and closely analyses them within their historical and artistic frameworks. Clearly written, learned, and often witty, this book is committed to critical inquiry that respects the integrity of its texts. It also emphasized the breadth of context that enriches our understanding of satire and the relationships among the nurturing culture, the producing poet, the poem producers, and the poem as received in its age.
Seventeenth-Century Spanish Poetry
Authors: Terry Arthur
Published: December 2009

This is the first comprehensive study in English of one of the most important bodies of verse in European literature. Seventeenth-century Spanish poetry represents the culmination of a rich Renaissance tradition, and Professor Terry sets out to make this accessible not only to Hispanists but to readers of English, French and Italian poetry, with which it had many points of contact. He deals both with the major poets - Góngora, Lope de Vega, Quevedo, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz - and with the impressively large number of good minor poets, from the Argensolas to Bocángel and Soto de Rojas, whose work is still relatively little read. Drawing upon recent developments in literary criticism as well as paying close attention to individual poems, the book discusses a wide range of issues including the re working of classical and Renaissance models, the importance of rhetoric, and the relationship between author, poem and reader.
Where Flaubert Lies
Authors: Addison Claire
Published: December 2009

This book offers crucial perspectives on the vexed question of chronology in Flaubert's work. Critics have struggled long and hard with the apparent inconsistencies in his writing, but Claire Addison's study reveals that the situation is far more subtle, complex and intriguing than hitherto supposed. She argues that Flaubert's manipulation of dates is deliberate and that what have previously been dismissed as inadvertent errors are in fact evidence of the strong presence of Flaubert's family life, events in historical Europe and events in the life of his literary characters. This interesting reading goes far beyond what traditional methods of literary history allow us to perceive of the link between the life and work of the author.
Soviet Russian Literature since Stalin
Authors: Brown Deming Bronson
Published: December 2009

This study describes and evaluates the main trends in Soviet Russian prose and poetry since the death of Stalin in the light of the cultural, ideological, social and political developments of the past quarter-century. It relates the literary history of the period to the evolution of Soviet literature as a whole, and is the only study to approach the topic so comprehensively and in such depth. Professor Brown begins with an account of the general literary situation as it evolved during this period and describes how the Soviet literary community is organised. He then examines Soviet poets who have written since 1953 and traces the general thematic and stylistic trends that their writing represents. Beginning with Akhmatova, Pasternak, and other members of the generation of Soviet poets who established their greatness before the Revolution, the author discusses this and each succeeding generation. He concludes with a consideration of the post-World War II generation as exemplified by Voznesensky and Evtushenko.
Theatre Matters
Authors: Soyinka Wole
Published: December 2009

Theatre, in a variety of forms and contexts, can make, and indeed has made, positive political and social interventions in a range of developing cultures across the world. In this book a distinguished team of theatre historians and dramatists explores how theatre has a dynamic and often difficult relationship with societies and states, arguing positively that theatrical activity can make a difference. The collection begins with a foreword by Wole Soyinka and, through the volume, specially chosen plays, projects and movements are examined, embracing a variety of theatrical forms from conventional text to on-site developmental work. The communities addressed range from the national to the local, from middle-class elites to the economically dispossessed in countries such as Brazil and Argentina, Nigeria, Eritrea and South Africa, and India and the Caribbean countries.
Rational Economic Man
Authors: Hollis
Published: December 2009

Economics is probably the most subtle, precise and powerful of the social sciences and its theories have deep philosophical import. Yet the dominant alliance between economics and philosophy has long been cheerfully simple. This is the textbook alliance of neo-Classicism and Positivism, so crucial to the defence of orthodox economics against by now familiar objections. This is an unusual book and a deliberately controversial one. The authors cast doubt on assumptions which neo-Classicists often find too obvious to defend or, indeed, to mention. They set out to disturb an influential concensus and to champion an unpopular cause. Although they go deeper into both philosophy and economics than is usual in interdisciplinary works, they start from first principles and the text is provokingly clear. This will be a stimulating book for all economic theorists and philosophers interested in the philosophy of science and social science.
Theology and Contemporary Culture
Authors: Kamitsuka David G.
Published: December 2009

Drawing from postliberal, revisionary and Latin American liberation theological perspectives, David Kamitsuka offers proposals on theological method and doctrine responsive to the intellectual, pastoral and socio-political challenges of contemporary culture. He recasts inter-movement polemics in order to forge a theological approach which promotes what are often considered to be competing values among these three theological movements: solidarity with the oppressed (liberationist), redescribing the Christian communal sense of scripture (postliberal), and fully critical reflection (revisionist). The author advocates an apologetic strategy entailing coherentist and consensus elements for justifying Christian claims in the pluralistic public realm. He provides a model for reading scripture theologically which addresses the challenges of poststructuralism and a globally diverse Church. Kamitsuka uses rule theory to adjudicate doctrinal disputes on the relationship between salvation and political liberation, and he proposes methodological 'virtues' for theological practice rooted in practical judgements concerning the vitality and fidelity of Christian communities.
Fallen Freedom
Authors: Michalson, Jr Gordon E.
Published: December 2009

In this study Professor Michalson attempts to clarify the complex tangle of issues connected with Kant's doctrines of radical evil and moral regeneration, and to set the problems resulting from these doctrines in an interpretive framework that tries to make sense of the instability of his overall position. In his late work Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone (1793), Kant charts out these doctrines in a manner that represents a fresh development in his own thinking on moral and relgious matters, apparently at variance with the mainstream Enlightenment outlook which Kant otherwise embodies. His position appears to amount to a retrieval of the supposedly outmoded Christian doctrine of original sin, and this ambivalence is seen to stem from his desire to do justice both to the Protestant Christian, and the Enlightenment rationalist, tradition, which weigh equally heavily upon him. In this study Professor Michalson attempts to clarify the complex tangle of issues connected with Kant's doctrines of radical evil and moral regeneration, and to set the problems resulting from these doctrines in an interpretive framework that tries to make sense of the instability of his overall position.
'And so we Came to Rome '
Authors: Walaskay Paul W.
Published: December 2009

It has often been suggested that Luke's two volumes were written as an apology for Christianity, to demonstrate to the Roman authorities that the new faith was not a dangerous and subversive innovation, a threat to the Pax Romana and to Roman rule. This book reviews the development of the 'traditional perspective', then raises some questions, e.g. if Luke was writing an apologia pro ecclesia, why does he include so much material politically damaging to the Christian cause? Is it possible that the approach has been made from the wrong angle, that Luke was writing an apologia not pro ecclesia but pro imperio, to assure his fellow Christians that Church and Empire need not fear or suspect each other? This conclusion is then supported by an investigation of the text of Luke-Acts, particularly the trials of Jesus and Paul. This challenging volume will be of interest to students and scholars of the New Testament and to ecclesiastical and Roman historians.
Sir William Scott, Lord Stowell
Authors: Bourguignon Henry J.
Published: December 2009

Sir William Scott's thirty years as judge of the High Court of Admiralty provide the basis of his reputation as the greatest of civilian (as opposed to common) lawyers. In this major study, the first for over seventy years, Professor Bourguignon analyzes his work as judge of the admiralty court in the light of the little-known, unpublished body of law which had been developed prior to his appointment. His term of office coincided with the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, and thus Scott had to bear and determine hundreds of cases involving the capture of vessels in time of war. These prize cases provided Scott with the opportunity to state and develop many aspects of the international law of war, especially the law of neutral and belligerent rights at sea. He also influenced the development of admiralty law in the cases, which he heard of private disputes concerning maritime commerce.
England and the German Hanse, 1157–1611
Authors: Lloyd T. H.
Published: December 2009

The German Hanse was the most successful and most far-flung trade association that existed in medieval and early-modern Europe. Inevitably it appears prominently in every general study of trade, sometimes under the label of 'the Hanseatic League'. This, however, is the first study to be devoted to relations between the Hanse and England throughout the entire period of their contact, which lasted for some 500 years. The composition of trade is analysed, and the fluctuations in its volume and value are reconstructed from primary sources, chiefly customs accounts. But trade was often made possible only by intensive political and diplomatic bargaining between the two sides, sometimes at the level of merchant and merchant, at other times between the English government and the Hanse diet, the highest authority within the German organisation. This aspect of the relationship is explored in equal detail.
Occupation and Society
Authors: Lummis Trevor
Published: December 2009

This book is a study of the effect of occupation on industrial behaviour and how occupation affects social, community and family life. The fishing industry was one of the last to experience the Industrial Revolution. In East Anglia, steam propulsion was introduced within the working life of the oldest of those interviewed for this book, and a number of radical changes in working practices, capital cost and technical development were concentrated into the brief period 1880–1914. As these changes occurred with different timing and force in the two major sectors of the industry - trawling and drifting - East Anglia is an ideal location in which to consider the effect of the forces and relations of production: the fishermen's industrial, social and political attitudes are related to their specific work experience.
The Politics of Privilege
Authors: Bossenga Gail
Published: December 2009

This study analyzes the political and fiscal origins of the French Revolution by looking at the relationship between the royal government and privileged, corporate bodies at local level. Utilizing a neo-Tocquevillian approach, it argues that the monarchy undermined its own attempts at reform by extending central authority, while at the same time it continued to rely upon corporate structures and monopolies to finance the state. The unresolvable, institutional conflicts had the effect of politicising members of the privileged elite and eventually led many of them to embrace a rhetoric of citizenship, accountability, and civic equality that had far-reaching and unanticipated consequences. When Lille's bourgeoisie consolidated a municipal revolution in 1789, they followed a programme that was politically liberal, but economically conservative. Arranged as a series of case-studies, the book illuminates the structure of political power in the Flemish provincial estates, the growth of royal taxation, the problem of municipal credit, the role of venal officeholders, and the relationship of the revolutionary bourgeoisie to monopolies of the guilds.
The Reformation and Rural Society
Authors: Dixon C. Scott
Published: December 2009

What was the effect of the Reformation movement on the parishioners of the German countryside? This book examines the reform movement at the level of its implementation - the rural parish. Investigation of the Reformation and the sixteenth-century parish reveals the strength of tradition and custom in village life and how this parish culture obstructed and frustrated the efforts of the Lutheran reformers. The Reformation was not passively adopted by the rural inhabitants. On the contrary, the parishioners manipulated the reform movement to serve their own ends. Parish documentation reveals that the system of parish rule diffused the disciplinary aims of the church and rendered the pastors impotent. A look at parish beliefs suggests that the nature of parish thought worked to undermine the main tenets of the Lutheran faith, and that the legacy of the Reformation was a dialogue between these two realms of experience.
Catholics and Sultans
Authors: Frazee Charles A.
Published: December 2009

This book surveys the relations between Catholics outside and inside the Ottoman Empire from 1453 to 1923. After the fall of Constantinople the only large Latin Catholic group to be incorporated into the sultan's domain were the Genoese who lived in Galata, across the Golden Horn from the Byzantine capital. Over the next few decades Turkish armies pushed into the Balkans, overrunning the Catholic population of Albania, Bosnia and Hungary. In the Orient, the sixteenth century saw the Maronites of Lebanon, the Latins of Palestine and most of the Greek islands, which once held Latin Catholic communities, come under Turkish rule. Papal response to the loss of these communities was initially a call to the crusade, but response from West European monarchs was disappointing. Their concerns were closer to home. French interest, however, lay in an alliance with the Turks against the Habsburgs. As a bonus, the Catholics of the Ottoman world received a protector at the Porte in the person of the French ambassador. The book traces the subsequent history of the Latin Catholics and each of the Eastern Catholic churches in the Ottoman Empire until its dissolution in 1923.
Cavour and Garibaldi 1860
Authors: Smith Denis Mack
Published: December 2009

First published in 1954, and now re-issued with a fresh preface, Cavour and Garibaldi remains the single most important contribution yet made by an English-speaking historian to the study of the Risorgimento. Devoted to seven crucial months in 1860, the work examines in detail the sequence of events between the Sicilian rebellion in April, and the absorption of all the south into the Italian kingdom of Victor Emmanuel in November. It shows, in the contrasting priorities of the two great leaders, the creative tensions that underlay the movement for Italian unification. Against Cavour's desire to extend to the rest of the peninsula the benefits of Piedmontese liberalism, the author juxtaposes Garibaldi's dream of a united Italy, achieved if necessary by force. The diplomat and political strategist is compared with the soldier and popular hero, and in the comparison it is Garibaldi who emerges as the realist, and Cavour as the inspired but dogmatic muddler.
Introduction to Physical Mathematics
Authors: Harper P.G. , Weaire D. L.
Published: December 2009

Directed primarily at college and university undergraduates, this book covers at basic level the essential applications of mathematics to the physical sciences. It contains all the usual topics covered in a first-year course such as vectors, matrices, differential equations, basic mathematical functions and their analysis, and power series. There is a strong emphasis on qualitative understanding (such as curve sketching) and practical methods of solution. The latter take due account of the impact of computers on the subject. The principles of mathematical expression are illustrated by copious examples taken from a wide range of topics in physics and chemistry. Each of the short chapters concludes with a summary and a large number of problems.
Creep of Crystals
Authors: Poirier Jean-Paul
Published: December 2009

This textbook describes the physics of the plastic deformation of solids at high temperatures. It is directed at geologists or geophysicists interested in the high-temperature behaviour of crystals who wish to become acquainted with the methods of materials science in so far as they are useful to earth scientists. It explains the most important models and recent experimental results without losing the reader in the primary literature of materials science. In turn the book deals with the essential solid-state physics; thermodynamics and hydrostatics of creep; creep models and their applications in the geological sciences; diffusion creep; superplastic deformation and deformation enhanced by phase transformations. Five concluding chapters give experimental results for metals, ceramics and minerals. There are extensive bibliographies to aid further study.