bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF THIAMETHOXAM, ASSOCIATED WITH INSECT POPULATIONS IN PAPAYA (Carica Papaya Linnaeus) CULTIVATION
Authors: Megchún-García Juan Valente , Chávez María del Refugio Castañeda , Rodríguez-Lagunes Daniel Arturo , Adame-García Jacel , Murguía-González Joaquín , Lango- Reynoso Fabiola , Leyva-Ovalle Otto Raúl
Published: October 2020

Papaya crops areas present phytosanitary problems since neonicotinoid pesticides are currently applied without efficient control methods. It is necessary to study insects behavior associated with this type of crop in response to the use of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam. In order to know the efficiency of this insecticide, different doses were evaluated for the control of the type of insects referred to below. The study area was the locality of Mata Tambor in Cotaxtla, Veracruz, Mexico. Where a plot of papaya "Maradol" of 2,778 plants ha-1 was established, applying different doses of thiamethoxam during the process: T1) 0 kg/ha; T2) 0.3 kg/ha; T3) 0.4 kg/ha; and T4) 0.6 kg/ha. The variables were: insect population, gross mortality rate and the identification of pests that cause damage to the crop. No significant statistical differences were found in insect populations when applying those different doses. The mortality rate 16 days after applying thiamethoxam was higher in T3 at a dose of 0.4 kg/ha, this response is attributed to the fact that the insecticide achieved a residual effect on the culture. The use of T2 with a dose of 0.3 kg/ha in the crop became effective in pest control, generating a gross mortality rate of 241 individuals. Papaya cultivation can be associated with pests such as Bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, Frankliniella occidentalis and Toxotrypana curvicuada, which are the main vectors of virus in the culture.
COMPARISION OF BINARY DIAGNOSTIC PREDICTORS USING ENTROPY
Authors: Alfred Kathare , Argwings Otieno , Victor Kimeli
Published: October 2020

The use of gold standard procedures in screening may be costly, risky or even unethical. It is, therefore, not admissible for large scale application. In this case, a more acceptable diagnostic predictor is applied to a sample of subjects alongside a gold standard procedure. The performance of the predictor is then evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. The area under the curve, then, provides a summative measure of the performance of the predictor. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve is a trade-off between sensitivity and specificity which in most cases are of different clinical significance. Also, the area under the curve is criticized for lack of coherent interpretation. In this study, we proposed the use of entropy as a summary index measure of uncertainty to compare diagnostic predictors. Noting that a diseased subject who is truly identified with the disease at a lower cut-off will also be identified at a higher cut-off, we substituted time variable in survival analysis for cut-offs in a binary predictor. We then derived the entropy of the functions of diagnostic predictors. Application of the procedure to real data showed that entropy was a strong measure for quantifying the amount of uncertainty engulfed in a set of cut-offs of binary diagnostic predictor.
LEVELS OF HORMONES TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND PLASMA BLOOD GLUCOSE BROILER STARTER DUE TO HEAT STRESS AND PRELIMINARY DIFFERENCE FEEDING TIME
Authors: Ximenes Liborio , Trisunuwati Pratiwi , Muharlien
Published: October 2020

The study was conducted to know blood glucose and triiodothyronine levels of broiler starter due to heat stress and different initial-time feeding. The material used in this study was 64 male DOC broilers of Lohmann strain with the average initial weight of 47.98 ± 2.24 g. The experiment was designed based on randomized block design with a 2x2 factorial and four replications. The treatment combinations as follow: S1W1 = low temperature, feeding 12 hours post-hatching; S1W2 = low temperature, feeding 24 hours post-hatching; S2W1 = high temperature, feeding 12 hours post-hatching; S2W2 = high temperature, feeding 24 hours post-hatching. The Data were Analyzed by using ANOVA. If there was a significant effect (P <0.05) or very significant effect (P <0.01) in Followed by Duncan's test. The result Showed that heat stress treatment significantly affected (P <0.05) to the triiodothyronine level, while initial feeding treatment had no significant effect. Also, blood glucose levels had no significant effect due to the treatments. It concluded that heat stress negatively affected by the blood glucose and triiodothyronine levels of broiler starter. The initial-time feeding has no effect on the blood glucose and triiodothyronine levels. Interactions between treatment and different temperature-time initial feeding have no effect. Nevertheless, the low temperature treatment and initial feeding of 12 hours post-hatching shows the best results with blood glucose 246.25 ± 9.91 mg / dl and triiodothyronine of 2.05 ± 0.14 ng / ml.
Geopolitical Challenges, Complexities, and Future Uncertainties in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Land and Population’s Perspectives
Authors: Salem Hilmi S.
Published: October 2020

Geopolitical challenges, complexities, and future uncertainties have greatly and adversely affected all aspects of life, as well as the well-being of the Palestinian citizens living in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), comprised of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip. The OPT were militarily occupied by the Israeli forces in June 1967 and, since then, the Israeli military rules have been applied to the OPT. The demographic issues in the OPT have gained a great importance at the political, geopolitical, social, economic, environmental, educational, health-wise, and housing, as well as at other aspects of life. This is due to the fact that demographic issues, along with the land, are the main determinants of the Palestinian choices towards sustainable development in a future, sovereign, independent, stable, and secure state of Palestine to be established in the OPT, with East Jerusalem as its capital. So, because of the limited areas of land which Palestinians have access to; because of the limited natural resources that are available to them; and because of the narrowing of the political horizons and choices available to the Palestinians, the real Palestinian wealth in the OPT is the human being. This article investigates and analyses several geopolitical challenges, complexities, and future uncertainties in the OPT, with a focus on key demographic issues, including human trends and socioeconomic trends, which include marital status, housing, education, and health. Additionally, the article examines the historical background of the present situation. It also provides important recommendations and supporting elements towards developing Palestinian national policies related to the well-being of the Palestinian citizens and institutions within the OPT.
The study of the effects of airborne fungal spores in allergic and pathogenic infections in Akoko environment, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Essien Benjamin Christopher
Published: October 2020

Fungal spores and hyphal fragments have been associated with out-door allergens and constitute human, animal and plant pathogens with long history of epidemiology. Airborne fungal spores of Akoko environment during the months of October 2016 to September 2017 were trapped and analyzed palynologicaly to determine the genera with allergic and pathogenic implications. Very high concentrations of these aerospora were documented. Out of 35 fungal spore type identified, the most commonly documented genera were species of Nigrospora, Endophragmiella, Ustilago, Botryodiplodia, Curvularia, Pithomyces, Corynespora and Venturia among others. The availability of these airborne fungal spore types is not only a reflection of their degree of abundance in the atmosphere, but an indication of the availability of host plants and other spore sources in the region. Statistical analysis shows that there was significant difference in the mean monthly fungal spore recorded. Multiple comparisons (using DMRT) showed that the mean fungal spores recorded in the month of October was significantly different (P<0.05) from that recorded in the month of July but not significantly different from those recorded for other months. Seasonal variation showed that the highest mean monthly fungal spore abundance were more from June - July and October - December due to higher sporulation activities by the fungi. This study would provide relevant information that could be useful in monitoring the frequency and intensity of fungal allergies and other pathogenic disease conditions of plants, animals and humans in the study environment and proffer adequate measures for safety health and environment.
Tramas de sociedad: miradas contemporáneas
Authors: Cala Matiz Laura Cecilia
Published: October 2020

Nina Alejandra Cabra y Manuel Roberto Escobar, editores del texto Tramas de sociedad: miradas contemporáneas, nos hacen una invitación atrevida al iniciar la lectura de esta publicación de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Humanidades y Arte de la Universidad Central (UC). Atrevida porque no es usual que un texto académico proponga un recorrido favorecido por la magia, a través del cual se construya una trama celeste, una serie de complejos pasadizos, movimientos y casualidades que constituyen lo que podríamos llamar una “tecnología del tránsito, del pasaje” (11). Como lectora cómplice, abordé Tramas de sociedad con este espíritu mágico en un intento por comprender los dos sentidos que los autores proponen para la trama: como un tejido, un hilado que poco a poco toma forma, y como la serie de sucesos que van componiendo una historia. Dado que no me fue dado el don y la habilidad del tejido con las manos, recurrí a la imaginación, elemento fundamental, pero a veces olvidado del conocimiento, para construir esta narrativa contemporánea.
Discapacidad y sexualidad en América Latina: hacia la construcción del acompañamiento sexual
Authors: Míguez Passada María Noel
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las luchas por el reconocimiento en la relación sexualidad-discapacidad en América Latina, con miras a la construcción del rol y la figura del acompañamiento sexual para personas en situación de discapacidad (PsD) con dependencia severa. Adelanta unas primeras conclusiones sobre las lógicas normativas, de poder, religiosas y simbólicas que circundan esta figura.
Devenir discapacitado: nuevos monstruos, cyborgs y desplazados en el capitalismo contemporáneo
Authors: Zerega Maria Mercedes , Tutivén Román Carlos , Bujanda Héctor
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo propone aproximarse al concepto de discapacidad extendiendo el campo del análisis a los efectos que dejan sobre los cuerpos el transhumanismo, la sociedad del rendimiento y los accidentes o catástrofes –sociales, económicas, políticas, tecnológicas–, efectos que abren el espacio para pensar otras modalidades subjetivas, asociadas con la vulnerabilidad. El texto sostiene que el devenir discapacitado se nos presenta, entonces, como el nuevo horizonte desde el cual pensar las formas de resistencia ética, social y política en el presente.
Public Information Disclosure: Mapping the Understanding of Multiple Actors in Corruption- Prone Indonesian Provinces
Authors: Jannah Lina Miftahul , Sipahutar Muhammad Yasin , Hariyati Desy
Published: October 2020

Recent scholarships in public administration and legal studies have agreed on the role of public information disclosure as a necessary requirement in eradicating corruption. Moreover, it is evident that accessibility of public information to the citizen helps to improve governance reform and policy making. In that situation, the citizen is involved in the participatory process and subsequently tightens public oversight to the government. Nevertheless, the literature might only be valid in relatively homogenous societies or in countries successfully achieving their development goals. This article seeks to confront this scholarship to the prevalence of a country experiencing ongoing construction of administrative law framework amidst discrepancies of development progress across regions. Three provinces in Indonesia are chosen to explain this matter by identifying relevant actors and mapping their understanding about public information disclosure against corruption. We employ qualitative research by process-tracing methods to identify causal mechanisms over multiple determining factors affecting the understanding. Data is inquired through in-depth interviews and analyses of open, accessible electronic data. Our recent work progress suggests that impediments to undertake public information disclosure against corruption come from very basic situations, including a sort of misunderstanding of predefined terminology between disclosed or classified information to the public and over-reliance on prevailing laws related to the issue without any improvements of the regulatory framework or policy instruments.
Tribological behavior of the boric acid and titanium dioxide based nanofluid in machining of EN24 steel
Authors: Avvari Ravi Kant , Penta Shreenivasa Rao , Rao PVJ Mohan
Published: October 2020

Turning operation is a widely recognized metal removal process in the industry. If the machining were not run efficiently, it may affect the performance of the tool and the work piece by generating higher cutting forces and the temperature as in hard steel. To minimize these effects, lubrication has to be effective in reducing these forces and lowering the tool temperature. In the present study, machining experiments were conducted on EN24 steel with the application of nano sized boric acid (50 nm) as the solid lubricant that is mixed with titanium dioxide (100 µm) in SAE 40 oil. Turning tests are conducted using tungsten carbide tool inserts under dry, wet and MQL conditions to measure and compare the cutting forces, tool temperatures and roughness of the work piece. Results indicate that boric acid enables significant reduction in the cutting forces which in combination with the titanium dioxide helps to improve the heat dissipation; an advantage that makes such lubricants an effective cutting fluid. H3BO3 and TiO2 based nanofluid resulted in reducing the surface roughness of up to 2.7 µm that is a re-duction by ~15%.
The influence of type of dispersed phase on rolling contact fatigue of lubricating greases on mineral base oil
Authors: Kozdrach Rafal
Published: October 2020

The paper discusses the influence of type dispersed phase on value of rolling contact fatigue of bearings lubricated with selected lubricating compositions. The compositions, which were produced on the mineral base oil were thickened of lithium stearate, calcium stearate, aluminum stearate, lithium complex soap and modified silica, montmorillonite, and polytetrafluoroethylene were evaluated.

Were carried out the investigations of rolling contact fatigue (pitting) of bearings, which were lubricated of the compositions prepared on the above-mentioned thickeners. Then was evaluated the influence of various thickeners on changes of rolling contact fatigue. The tribological tests were carried out using T-03 four-ball machine under high load conditions.

On the basis of obtained results it may be concluded, that used of thickeners such as: modified amorphous silica, montmorillonite and polytetrafluoroethylene to produce of lubricating compositions, positively affected on the change of rolling contact fatigue of tribosystems lubricated with the above-mentioned compositions in comparison to the compositions, when as a dispersed phase  were used a soap thickeners.
Media Tutorial Kerajinan Gerabah Di Lombok Barat Berbasis Multimedia
Authors: Ekanadi Andi Yana
Published: October 2020

Gerabah merupakan perkakas yang terbuat dari tanah liat yang dibentuk kemudian dibakar untuk dijadikan alat-alat yang berguna membantu kehidupan manusia, salah satunya adalah digunakan sebagai alat rumah tangga, namun seiring dengan perkembangannya, gerabah tidak hanya digunakan sebagai alat rumah tangga akan tetapi digunakan sebagai hiasan atau pernak pernik. Keahlian membuat gerabah ini hanya dimiliki oleh orang-orang tertentu yang sudah terbiasa dalam membuatnya, karena membuat gerabah memiliki tingkat kesulitan yang tinggi dan harus di pelajari dalam pembuatanya. Aplikasi media tutorial ini bertujuan menyampaikan informasi dan memperkenalkan gerabah khususnya bagi pengrajin pemula dan bisa menciptakan cara belajar baru yang mudah dipahami dan dimengerti oleh pengrajin gerabah khususnya bagi para pemula yang ingin belajar membuat kerajinan gerabah, sehingga kedepannya banyak pengrajin-pengrajin gerabah yang baru. Dalam pembuatan aplikasi Media Tutorial Kerajinan Gerabah ini penulis akan menggunakan Metode pengembangan multimedia Luther Sutopo. Adapun tahapannya adalah concept, Design, Material collecting, Assembly, Testing, Distribution. Hasil dari penelitian  adalah sebuah aplikasi Media Tutorial Kerajinan Gerabah Berbasis Multimedia. Didalam aplikasi ini nantinya terdapat konten-konten informasi sejarah gerabah, jenis gerabah, alat dan bahan, dan proses pembuatan, gallery, dan about. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari pembuatan aplikasi Media Tutorial Kerajinan Gerabah adalah dapat membantu masyarakat dan pengrajin pemula untuk belajar membuat kerajinan gerabah yang lebih menarik dan mudah dipahami dengan adanya aplikasi ini
Juvenile Delinquency and First-Time Detained: An Exploratory Study of Noncognitive Factors
Authors: Coker David
Published: October 2020

An archival review of records for first-time detained juvenile delinquents was conducted.
Object Cliticization in Standard Arabic
Authors: Alazzawie Abdulkhaliq
Published: October 2020

Unlike displaced lexical DP objects in Standard Arabic (SA) syntax, displaced
pronominal objects, however, have received less critical attention especially
within Rizzi’s (1997, 2004) left periphery theory and, therefore, some
areas of this constructions remain poorly understood. The present paper examines pronominal object cliticization in SA,
the status of the clitic, the derivation of the process and the reasons behind
its obligatory movement. The analysis is couched within Minimalist Syntax
(Chomsky 2001, 2005) and Split CP (Rizzi, 1997, 2004) to explain the motivation
for this movement and its landing site. To achieve the aim of the study, a
questionnaire containing samples of the studied structures were presented to five
native speakers of Arabic who were asked to provide grammaticality judgments. It
is suggested that, in this context, the object clitic can be analyzed as
undergoing focus movement as a separate verbal complement like a full DP with
an additional cliticization process to the head T hosting the lexical
verb.
kegiatan senam pagi di desa tino
Authors: Sofia
Published: October 2020

Kuliah kerja lapang plus ( KKLP ) merupakan suatu kegiatan perkuliahan yang bersifat intrakurikuler dalam bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Oleh karena sifatnya intrakurikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelesaikan studi di perguruan tinggi pada suatu program strata satu ( s1 ) harus mengikuti KKLP.
Identification of key positive psychosocial constructs in pediatric and adolescent/young adult patients with cancer: a scoping review.
Authors: Wayant Christian Cole , Manquen Jack , Wendelbo Hannah , Kerr Natalie , Crow Matthew , Goodell Jon , Tricco Andrea , Mack Jennifer , Hellman Chan , Vassar Matt
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Children and adolescents/young adults (AYAs) with cancer are a vulnerable population susceptible to numerous late effects, such as fatigue and depression, that may diminish their long-term psychosocial, physical, spiritual, and emotional health. A well-rounded understanding of how positive psychosocial constructs affect the quality of care and treatment outcomes is therefore warranted.Methods. We conducted a scoping review of 15 positive psychosocial constructs in children and AYAs with cancer. The primary research questions were 1) what is known about positive psychosocial constructs in children and AYAs with cancer; 2) what value is ascribed to these constructs by patients?. Results. 276 articles were included after database search and screening. These studies were mostly observational or qualitative and conducted in North America. Constructs were often poorly defined, and measurement tools used to gather data were wide-ranging. Numerous factors were correlated with increased or decreased expression of certain constructs, but overall themes were difficult to identify. Similarly, patients often spoke of what increased or decreased expression of a construct, with less emphasis on what they implicitly value.Discussion. This scoping review found ample evidence for what increases or decreases expression of positive psychosocial constructs, but this evidence was observational and often conflicting. In the future, we recommend the development of a core set of psychosocial outcomes, with definitions and corresponding measurement tools. We further recommend an emphasis on randomized trials to more rigorously study how expression of constructs can be improved and what effect this has on quality of life.
Pengaruh motivasi kepemimpinan dan kerja yang ada pada perusahaan (Firm Performance)
Authors: amien haqqan
Published: October 2020

Dalam metode bibliometrik untuk menjelaskan literatur yang masih ada dalam proseduroperasi untuk mengembangkan konseptual tentang karakteristik dan fungsi dalam intelijenbisnis. Dalam analisis yang bergerak di bidang penelitian yang di fokuskan untuk memprosesatribut umum dari konstruksi teoritis. proses bisnis dapat secara signifikan mengurangi biayaoperasi dan meningkatkan profitabilitas perusahaan dalam bisnis. Untuk fungsi dalam intelijenbisnis, proses dinamis yang dimulai dengan pengetahuan kognitif, integrasi informasi, danpemanfaatan pengetahuan yang ditangkap, dan diakhiri dengan kemampuan mengemudimeningkatkan mekanisme pembelajaran, dan mengubah sumberdaya perusahaan. (Chen & Lin,2020)
Sheffield-Let's Change4Life: A whole systems approach to tackling overweight and obesity in children, young people and families - a local evaluation report
Authors: Copeland Robert J. , Moullin Max , Reece Lindsey , Gibson Debra , Barrett David
Published: October 2020

This report presents an independent critical appraisal of ‘Sheffield - Let’s change4life’ (SLC4L) – a whole systems approach to tackling obesity. The report intends to provide commissioners, providers, practitioners, researchers and evaluators of public health interventions with an informed and empirically sound platform upon which to consider the future prevention of obesity in young people, particularly in Sheffield.The report provides the following: A background to the SLC4L Programme. This includes consideration of the national and local political, fiscal and health contexts in which the programme was delivered. A brief outline of the SLC4L Programme and the Healthy Communities Challenge Fund application. An overview of the methods used and the theoretical underpinning of the evaluation. Research findings are presented beginning with the headline outcomes and finishing with the capacity and leadership elements. A comprehensive strand by strand review of interventions and findings is also provided. Recommendations for commissioners, providers and evaluators of public health interventions regarding the determinants of success using whole system approaches in the prevention of overweight and obesity in children, young people and families are made.
Strategi Penginjilan Kontekstualisasi Terhadap Kebudayaan Gawai Dayak Bakati Di Kiung
Authors: Kosmanto Kokos
Published: October 2020

Strategi penginjilan merupakan hal yang penting diterapkan oleh seorang misionaris-misionaris saat ini. Dengan kehadiran Injil ditengah-tengah kehidupan manusia yang mempunyai masing-masing kebudayaan. Dalam kehidupan manusia sendiri mempunyai kebutuhan masing-masing seperti kebutuhan yang bersifat sosial, bersifat materi bahkan kebutuhan yang bersifat spiritual. Karena pada dasarnya manusia merupakan mahluk yang mempunyai kebutuhan dan harus dipenuhi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Penginjilan terhadap kebudayaan Gawai Dayak Bakati di Desa Kiung Kecamatan Suti Semarang Kabupaten Bengkayang. Masing-masing sub suku Dayak mempunyai adat-istiadat dan budaya urip, sesuai dengan kemasyarakatannya, baik Dayak di Indonesia maupun Dayak di Kalimantan. Dayak sendiri berasal dari “Daya” yang artinya hulu, untuk menyebutkan masyarakat yang tinggal di pedalaman atau perhuluan. Suku Dayak sendiri mempunyai ciri khas masing-masing seperti: sejata, budaya, rumah panjang (rumah adat) dan lain-lain. Suku Dayak sendiri sampai saat ini masih memegang teguh kepercayaan akan adanya benda-benda gaib seperti: pohon-pohon besar, danau, patung-patung yang terbuat dari kayu jati dan tanah liat. Hal tersebut sudah dahulu lahir dari nenek-moyang suku Dayak.
The Move More Plan - A framework for increasing physical activity in Sheffield 2015-2020.
Authors: Copeland Robert J.
Published: October 2020

There is compelling and indisputable evidence that physical activity performed on a regular basis, is good for individuals, for society, for the environment and the economy. Yet, the physical activity of the population in the UK is low. The dominant position that physical inactivity currently assumes at city-level in Sheffield, means that the majority of society and particularly the least affluent are experiencing negative physical and emotional health with huge medical, psycho-social and economic consequences. The Move More plan sets out a framework for a systems approach to the promotion of physical activity in Sheffield. Under the banner of ‘Move More’, the plan is owned by the Board of the Olympic Legacy programme: The National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine in Sheffield. Move More is supported by all the major city partners, including; the Voluntary Sector, the NHS, both Universities, Sheffield City Council, Sheffield Chamber of Commerce, and Sheffield International Venues (SIV). The aim of the Move More plan is to provide the overall direction for increasing physical activity in Sheffield and to secure and align stakeholder commitment to that direction. Increasing physical activity at a population level is a system challenge and requires the input of numerous organisations, sectors and champions. The Move More plan is therefore intended to be inclusive of, and integral to the strategic and implementation plans of these stakeholders. The Move More plan is split into distinct sections with the main body of the plan focusing on the Vision and Mission of Move More, the challenge of increasing physical activity at population level and the outcomes to be achieved through the application of this framework. The principles that underpin the framework and the proposed programmes of work (ambitions) that are designed to deliver the outcomes are also outlined.
Working memory load affects intelligence test performance by reducing the strength of relational item bindings and impairing the filtering of irrelevant information
Authors: Schubert Anna-Lena , Löffler Christoph , Sadus Kathrin , Göttmann Jan , Hein Johanna , Schröer Pauline , Teuber Antonia , Hagemann Dirk
Published: October 2020

There is a broad consensus that individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) are strongly related to individual differences in intelligence. However, correlational studies do not allow conclusions about the causal nature of the relationship between WMC and fluid intelligence. While research on the cognitive basis of intelligence typically assumes that simpler lower-level cognitive processes contribute to individual differences in higher-order reasoning processes, a reversed causality or a third variable giving rise to two intrinsically uncorrelated variables may exist. In two studies (n1 = 65, n2 = 113), we investigated the causal nature of the relationship between WMC and intelligence by assessing the experimental effect of working memory load on intelligence test performance. Moreover, we tested if the effect of working memory load on intelligence test performance increased under time constraints, as previous studies have shown that the association between the two constructs increases if intelligence tests are administered with a strict time limit. We show that working memory load impaired intelligence test performance, but that this experimental effect was not affected by time constraints, which suggests that the experimental manipulations of working memory capacity and processing time did not affect the same underlying cognitive process. Using a computational modeling approach, we demonstrated that external memory load affected both the building and maintenance of relational item bindings and the filtering of irrelevant information in working memory. Our results confirm that WMC causally contributes to higher-order reasoning processes. Moreover, they support the hypothesis that working memory capacity in general and the abilities to maintain arbitrary bindings and to disengage from irrelevant information in particular are intrinsically related to intelligence.
COVID-19, Family Dynamics, and Perceived Mental Health Among Families in Singapore
Authors: Yang Yang , Chua Jallene Jia En , Khng Kiat Hui , Yu Yue
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic presents a significant challenge to the lives and well-being of families with underaged children. Although previous studies have documented COVID-related deterioration in well-being and identified protective and risk factors, the mechanisms under which the pandemic leads to worsened well-being remain unclear. In addition, from a policymaker’s perspective, it is important to differentiate between the effects of government-issued infection control measures (such as lockdown) and families’ voluntary responses when facing the coronavirus (such as self-quarantine) on well-being. Using Singapore as an example, we collected retrospective self-reports on the everyday activities, stressors, and well-being of parents and other caregivers at three timepoints: before local transmission (Pre-pandemic), after local transmission but before the “circuit breaker” (Pandemic), and during the “circuit breaker” (Lockdown). We estimated the effects of the pandemic itself and families’ voluntary responses to it by contrasting Pandemic against Pre-pandemic, and we estimated the additional effects of imposed lockdown measures by contrasting Lockdown against Pandemic. Results showed significant changes in jobs and income, childcare arrangement, family dynamics, and parents’ emotional well-being throughout the three timepoints. Both mothers and fathers reported to worry most about the health and safety of family members and self. Mothers’ time spent on housework partially mediated the effect of lockdown on their emotional well-being, and parents’ conflict with other adults in the household partially mediated the effects of both pandemic and lockdown on their emotional well-being. The effects of pandemic and lockdown were also moderated by parents’ age, education level, and fathers’ authoritarian values.
“I know it's just pouring it from the tap, but it's not easy”: Motivational processes that underlie water drinking
Authors: Rodger Amy , Wehbe Lara , Papies Esther K.
Published: October 2020

Water drinking behaviour is under-researched despite the prevalence and adverse health consequences of underhydration. We conducted a qualitative exploration into the motivational processes that affect water drinking. We interviewed and analysed data from 60 participants using thematic analysis. Our findings suggest that participants form and maintain situated water drinking habits, so that within certain situations they report regularly drinking water. However, the way participants situated their water drinking had consequences on the amount and consistency of their water intake. Participants who situated their water intake in one key situation (e.g., drinking water during their work routine), had low and inconsistent intake when they left this situation. Some situations happened so infrequently during the day (e.g., drinking before bed) that participants’ daily water intake was low. Many participants reported drinking water in reaction to thirst cues, but these were easily suppressed or went unnoticed, so that water drinking was inconsistent. Participants who saw drinking water as part of their self-identity had consistent and high water intake across a variety of internal and external situations. Few participants perceived water as positive or understood the importance of hydration. Many participants also lacked insight into strategies to increase water intake, which lead to ineffective attempts at behavioural change. Participants’ mentions of cues of dehydration and their responses to a urine colour chart further suggested that many participants were possibly underhydrated. Our findings suggest that health interventions and practitioners attempting to increase water intake need to increase knowledge about the importance of hydration, and encourage individuals to develop effective situated water drinking habits.
PENGARUH MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN dan PERKEMBANGAN DAUN BAWANG (Allium fistulosum L.) BIBIT ANAKAN
Authors: Awali Danimaulia Nurraafi , Kiswari Lusinta , Singgih Suwito
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian, yaitu untuk megetahui pengaruh media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan daun bawang yang ditanam dengan cara memotong bibit anakan. Dalam penelitian, media tanam yang digunakan adalah tanah dan air.Penelitian dilakukan selama sepuluh hari, terhitung sejak tanggal 29 mei sampai 7 juni 2020. Penelitian dilaksanakan di desa Ajibarang kulon, kabupaten Banyumas. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan penelitian acak lengkap (RAL) dengan cara mengamati perbedaan pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bawang daun bibit anakan yang ditanam pada air dan tanah sekali dalam dua hari.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : Air yang digunakan sebagai media tanam mempunyai pengaruh nyata terhadaptinggi daun,dan pertumbuhan daun baru. Tinggi daun saat hari kedua penelitian mencapai 2 cm, dan terus bertambah 2 cm setiap dua hari. Daun baru muncul terhitung pada hari ke-dua, dan setelah itu muncul di hari ke-empat.Tanah yang digunakan sebagai media tanam mempunyai pengaruh nyata terhadap Panjang penguningan pada daun. Pada hari ke-enam, salah satu daun menguning hingga 3 cm.
Safety and Security of Sexual-reproductive Health and Gender-based Violence among Rohingya Refugee Women in Bangladesh
Authors: Yousuf Rabeya , Salam Md Mushtahid , Akter Shaima , Salam Abdus
Published: October 2020

Rohingya refugee women and girls are from a vulnerable society taking shelter in Bangladesh for humanitarian assistance following the serious human rights violations in Myanmar. They are facing a number of challenges such as insecurity, violence, very limited freedom of movement or ability to speak up and influence decisions in their communities. They are most vulnerable to exploitation due to inadequate basic living facilities in the camp causing them to be physically or sexually abused, forced prostitution and human trafficking. Gender-based violence, abandonment by their husbands in the camps, early marriage, teenage pregnancies including lack of safer pregnancy and childbirth are all important issues and challenges faced by them. Access to basic amenities and educational opportunities with special attention about sexual and reproductive health including issues such as gender equality, relationships and conflict management and adequate community health care can help the Rohingya women to overcome the situation. Actually, the word “Rohingya” derived from the people who exist in from the British rule of the medieval period in the current “Rakhine” state, formerly known as “Roshang” later turned into “Rohang” due to colloquial usage. Although officially Myanmar is not using the term “Rohingya” as this might potentially endorse their indigenous origin, an international involvement is obligatory to find a solution for sustainable return of Rohingya refugees to Myanmar.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 163-170
Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) Targeted Therapy with Switchable Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (sCAR T-Cell) Potential as Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy Agent
Authors: Umar Tungki Pratama , Ramadhan Muhammad Syahrul , Mahfuza Nindya
Published: October 2020

Pancreatic cancer is the cancer with highest mortality-incidence rate compared with other types of cancer. Most cases can only be treated palliatively. Targeted therapy comes as an alternative to its treatment especially with Switchable CAR T-cells (sCAR T-cells). In pancreatic cancer, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a specific target that is excessively expressed in tumor cell microenvironment. Targeted therapy using sCAR T-cells has been proved safe and effective in other types of malignancy such as B cell lymphoma, so it has potency as immunotherapy agent in pancreatic cancer patient.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 171-176
The COVID-19 pandemic and positive reflections on Ramadhan
Authors: Mohd Zaini Ahmad Faidhi , Rashid Aneesa Abdul
Published: October 2020

This year the Ramadhan holy month of the Muslim calendar fell amidst a pandemic. Ramadhan is a month of worship, where many of the normal practices involve among other things; social gathering. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many practices could not be done. This article looks into the positive reflections of Ramadhan during a pandemic.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 191-193
Importance of screening and identification of alloantibodies in multi-transfused patients of thalassemia major.
Authors: Hazra Subhajit , Parveen Pauline Ara , Lyngdoh Banduriap , Moi Pratima , Bagdi Sunita , Ghosh Sulekha , Ghosh Tapan Kumar
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Thalassemia is a form of inherited autosomal recessive blood disorders characterized by abnormal formation of hemoglobin. These patientsneed blood transfusion on regular basis to maintain the hemoglobin level in the body.The frequent transfusions received by thalassemia major patients, expose them to the risk of contracting infectious diseases, and development of complication such as iron overload and alloimmunization. The production of antibodies against such alloimmunization induces further hemolysis.Subject and methodology: The main objective of the study was to find out clinically significant antibodies in multi-transfused thalassemiamajor patients to prevent hemolysis and to reduce frequency of blood transfusion there by reducing morbidity and mortality. A prospective and observational study comprising of total 205 thalassemic patients were included in the study (females 99 and males 106) in the age ranging from3to 43 years who had received more than 10 units of blood within one year. Majority of them were β thalassemia major followed by Eβ and sickle cell disease.Apart from ABO and Rh grouping and issuing of blood by proper crossmatching the alloantibodies were detected by using 3 cell and 11 cell panel by gel technique.Alloantibodies against Rh phenotypes were more than 90%.Discussion and conclusion:Findingof unexpected antibodies must be a part of all pretransfusion testing procedure which will help to accomplish more effective and uneventful blood transfusionof multi-transfused thalassemia patient. Production of alloantibodiesinmulti-transfused thalassemia patients can be prevented by screening for minor blood groups from beginning in addition to ABO and Rh grouping.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 230-234
Association between Insulin Resistance and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Sarkar Susmita , Saha Atanu , Dawn Indranil
Published: October 2020

Introduction:Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign disease in older men characterized by stromal and epithelial cell hyperplasia. Insulin is an independent risk factor and a promoter of BPH. Insulin resistance may change the risk of BPH through several biological pathways.Aim and objective: Aim of our studyis to estimate the insulin resistance and prostatic specific antigen level in the patients suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia and compare them with the control.Materials and Methods : Hospital based cross sectional case control study.40 BPH-patients (aged above 50 years), clinically diagnosed and supported by serum PSA and USG findings were selected as case.Results:Insulin resistance was found to be elevated in the patients suffering from BPH. HOMA-IR score of cases was compared with the controls and found to be significantly elevated.A significant increase in fasting glucose level and PSA level were found in cases compared to controls. Conclusion: The insulin resistance was found to be significantly higher in patients.Further study regarding the relationships between metabolic syndrome and benign prostate diseases, including its underlying mechanisms is necessary.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 240-245
Pleuropulmonary Solitary Fibrous Tumour with Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Authors: Zainulabid Ummu Afeera , Razak Megat Razeem Abdul , Md Salleh Nor Hafliza , Othman Noriah , Mohamed Dahlia
Published: October 2020

The pleuropulmonary solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a rare type of tumour. This paper outlined a 63-year-old female who came to the hospital with two weeks history of chronic cough, shortness of breath, and hypoglycemia. Contrast-Enhanced CT Thorax showed a huge heterogeneously-enhancing mass occupying the right hemithorax. US-guided biopsy followed by histological examination showed the features of an SFT. In view of the association between pleuropulmonary SFT and hypoglycaemia, the patient was highly likely to be suffering from a paraneoplastic syndrome known as Doege-Potter Syndrome.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 251-253
On the Role of Isothermal Martensite Formation during Cryogenic Treatment of Steels
Authors: Villa Matteo , Somers Marcel A. J.
Published: October 2020

This contribution addresses the effect of sub-zero Celsius treatments at cryogenic temperatures on the steel microstructure. It is shown that the formation of martensite, including the socalled isothermal, i. e. time dependent or thermally activated, martensitic product, can provide an explanation to the observations in the literature that both the temperature of cryogenic treatment and the holding time at cryogenic temperatures may have an influence on the performance of steel products in service. This review traces the most important stages in the development of cryogenic treatments along the last 95 years and describes it in parallel with the description of the current state of understanding of the kinetics of martensitic transformation in steel. In the last part of the contribution, the new insight is put into context with a practical example where various types of subzero Celsius treatments are applied.
Doing global investments the Nordic way
Authors: Lange Siri
Published: October 2020

In the Nordic countries, unions are represented in company boards and can influence companies’ policies toward labor abroad. This article focuses on the Norwegian national oil company Equinor and its support of unionization of its employees in Tanzania. This was inspired by the Nordic tradition of social dialogue between corporations and strong, independent unions. Corporation managers and union representatives tend to refer to this social dialogue as “the Norwegian model,” but this is a narrow conceptualization of the model that disregards the role of the state. I argue that while it is beneficial for the Tanzanian workers to be organized, it is probably also “good for business” to have unionized workers who have adopted the Nordic collaborative model, rather than a more radical union model.
Livelihood Challenges of Brakchakkhan Community of District Shigar Gilgit Baltistan
Authors: - Samina , Zeeshan Mahwish
Published: October 2020

The research was conducted to study the livelihood challenges faced by Brak chakkhan (stone crushers) community in district Shigar. The study aimed to inquire the challenges face by this community. The nature of the study was descriptive. The methods used in the research were in –depth interview, case study and observation. The research was conducted from an Anthropological perspective. The paper highlights the challenges faced by this community for sustainable livelihood. Purposive sampling was used to gather data from 65 respondents. The findings of the study reflect that the miners lack education; both formal and informal. Lack of safety measures, lag in technological advancement in mineral excavation and tedious manual labor in 21st century is yet an eye opener for the policy makers of the country.
Exploring The Colonial Era Developments of The Mall Road, Lahore
Authors: Aslam Seemin
Published: October 2020

Lahore, a city with Aurenhammer, is the second largest city of Pakistan. The antiquities of Lahore span over three historic periods including pre-colonial, colonial and post-independence periods. Colonial period laid the foundations of modern Lahore with Indo- Islamic style of architecture. To connect Anarkali with the new British administrative area known as Mian Mir Cantonment, a public road was built that was later named Mall Road. This research paper is a descriptive evaluation of the literature available on Mall Road, Lahore and is an attempt to disclose the concept of this road and to unveil the developments on this promising public road made by the British; hence, it will provide the reader a glimpse of the Mall Road, Lahore. This paper concludes the Mall Road as the representative of a rich urban character and as a hub of different activities which made it the spine of the city during the colonial era.
Role of Geography in Formation of Character of Civilizations Case Studies: Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley
Authors: Awan Muhammad Yusuf , Khilat Faiqa , Jamil Farah
Published: October 2020

When human race began its activities on Earth, it faced severe challenges of survival. The pursuit of basic necessities like food and shelter advanced them from hunting, to cultivation and food processing. The initiation of agriculture brought qualitative changes in the average human life, following the establishment of permanent settlements, cultures and civilizations. At the beginning of the age of tilling, settlers preferred locations which offered unrestrained water, fertile land and comfortable climate. Every location had its own geographical characteristics, which played a fundamental role in formation of the character and architecture of civilizations. The major early contemporary civilizations include the Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Indus Valley. The natural barren boundaries across the River Nile in Egypt enabled Pharaohs to form a strict slave system. The area accommodating two ancient rivers; Tigris and Euphrates, resulted in a settlement now known as the Mesopotamian civilization. The five rivers of Punjab and Ganges River provided people of the Indus Valley with a large piece of very fertile land. They cultivated land from Himalayan peaks in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south, expanding their civilization and architecture vastly. This paper studies these three civilizations, with reference to their geography, highlighting its effects on the development pattern and architecture. The research will give the apparent picture of how the geography effects the overall growth of civilizations, and also the similarities and dissimilarities from one location to the other.