bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of spatio-temporal dynamics of the constrained network of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina using a geomatics-based approach
Authors: Ledoux Clara , Bobée Cécilia , Cabet Éva , David Pascal , Filaine Frédéric , Hachimi Sabrina , Lalanne Christophe , Ruprich-Robert Gwenaël , Herbert Éric , Chapeland-Leclerc Florence
Published: February 2024

In their natural environment, fungi are subjected to a wide variety of environmental stresses which they must cope with by constantly adapting the architecture of their growing network. In this work, our objective was to finely characterize the thallus development of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina subjected to different constraints that are simple to implement in vitro and that can be considered as relevant environmental stresses, such as a nutrient-poor environment or non-optimal temperatures. At the Petri dish scale, the observations showed that the fungal thallus is differentially affected (thallus diameter, mycelium aspect) according to the stresses but these observations remain qualitative. At the hyphal scale, we showed that the extraction of the usual quantities (i.e. apex, node, length) does not allow to distinguish the different thallus under stress, these quantities being globally affected by the application of a stress in comparison with a thallus having grown under optimal conditions. Thanks to an original geomatics-based approach based on the use of automatized Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, we were able to produce maps and metrics characterizing the growth dynamics of the networks and then to highlight some very different dynamics of network densification according to the applied stresses. The fungal thallus is then considered as a map and we are no longer interested in the quantity of material (hyphae) produced but in the empty spaces between the hyphae, the intra-thallus surfaces. This study contributes to a better understanding of how filamentous fungi adapt the growth and densification of their network to potentially adverse environmental changes.
Evaluación de la imagen de un destino de turismo rural a través del UGC
Authors: Sánchez Vargas Elena , Campón Cerro Ana María , Di Clemente Elide , Prado Recio Elvira
Published: February 2024

Los destinos de turismo rural están aumentando su popularidad debido a las experiencias de viaje que ofrecen diferentes a otras tipologías turísticas. Aun así, son destinos que pueden mejorar su competitividad, por lo que, para crear estrategias efectivas de marketing, conocer la imagen percibida del destino es una opción adecuada. El contenido generado por el usuario (UGC) se ha convertido en una fuente de información que permite conocer la imagen del destino de un territorio e influye en los comportamientos de visita de potenciales turistas. Para obtener información de valor sobre cómo los turistas valoran la imagen de un destino de turismo rural a través del UGC, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la imagen turística de la comarca Tajo-Salor-Almonte (Cáceres, España) para el desarrollo de estrategias de marketing turístico en el territorio basadas en los elementos más valorados por los turistas, permitiendo descubrir los elementos diferenciadores del destino. Para ello se realiza una evaluación de este destino de turismo rural a través de los títulos de los comentarios en Tripadvisor sobre hoteles, restaurantes y recursos. Se recurre a un análisis de contenido cuantitativo-cualitativo para extraer información de utilidad que permita conocer los temas que más mencionan los turistas en este destino. Los resultados revelan que los gestores del destino y los empresarios de la zona deben enfocar sus comunicaciones de marketing en torno a tres ítems clave: la tranquilidad y el descanso, la oferta gastronómica y el entorno rural y su historia. El análisis basado en UGC es de utilidad para gestores de empresas y destinos, ya que permite crear estrategias de marketing adaptándose a los gustos y preferencias de los turistas. En el caso de los destinos de turismo rural, el UGC puede ayudarles a tener más visibilidad en diferentes plataformas y atraer nuevos flujos de turistas.
“O mais cristão dos sistemas políticos modernos”
Authors: Ribeiro Renato Ferreira
Published: February 2024

Na primeira metade do século XX, muitos intelectuais católicos enxergaram os fascismos como aliados na luta contra a decadência da civilização cristã-ocidental e o Estado fascista como a forma secular mais apta a realizar a visão da Igreja no mundo moderno. Nos países da América Latina, os católicos estiveram entre os principais grupos que recepcionaram e disseminaram as ideias fascistas na região ao longo das décadas de 1920 e 1930. Neste artigo, analiso o pensamento e a atuação política do intelectual Francisco Clementino de San Tiago Dantas entre os anos de 1929 e 1945, quando esteve vinculado ao laicato católico e à Ação Integralista Brasileira. Ainda pouco estudadas, as intervenções políticas e intelectuais realizadas por San Tiago Dantas neste período podem trazer importantes pistas para o entendimento da recepção e circulação das ideias fascistas, autoritárias e corporativistas entre os católicos brasileiros, bem como para a compreensão de sua atuação durante a Era Vargas.
Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are at Increased Risk of Hospitalization Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Smith Ryan A. , Desai Aakash , Barnes Edward L. , Hayney Mary , Kochhar Gursimran S. , Hashash Jana G. , Farraye Francis A. , Caldera Freddy
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of developing respiratory infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory virus with adverse outcomes in older adults. This study aimed to determine whether patients with IBD are at increased risk of a serious infection due to RSV.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective study using the multi-institutional research network TriNetX to assess the risk of hospitalization in a cohort of patients with IBD compared with that in a non-IBD control cohort with RSV infection from January 1, 2007, to February 27, 2023. One-to-one (1:1) propensity score matching was performed for demographic variables and RSV risk factors between the 2 cohorts. Risk was expressed as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS:

There were 794 patients in the IBD-RSV cohort and 93,074 patients in the non–IBD-RSV cohort. The mean age of the IBD-RSV cohort was 55.6 ± 20 years, 59% were female, 80% were White, and 56.9% had Crohn's disease. The IBD-RSV cohort was at an increased risk of hospitalization (aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.06–1.59). There was no difference in the risk (aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.58–1.19) of a composite outcome of hospitalization-related complications between the 2 cohorts. Recent systemic corticosteroid use (<3 months) was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization (aOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.30–2.59) in the IBD-RSV cohort.

DISCUSSION:

We found that adult patients with IBD and RSV infection are at an increased risk of hospitalization and may benefit from the new RSV vaccine recommended for adults aged 60 years and older.
Use of Ultrasound-Assisted, Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis in a Patient With High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Gill Karam P. S. , O’Brien Daniel P. , Soverow Jonathan E.
Published: February 2024

High-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) is a complex clinical entity associated with high mortality rates. Ultrasound-assisted, catheter-directed thrombolysis, typically used for intermediate-risk PE, may be a viable treatment approach for high-risk PE, particularly in patients at increased risk for major bleeding. This report describes a case in which ultrasound-assisted, catheter-directed thrombolysis was successfully used to treat high-risk PE in a female patient with extensive peritoneal metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma. Other examples from the literature, in which ultrasound-assisted, catheter-directed thrombolysis was used to treat high-risk PE, are also provided.
Kitosan sebagai Bioadsorben Logam Besi (Fe) pada Jaringan Lunak Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis)
Authors: Pramastuti Fransisca Ria , Supriyantini Endang , Pramesti Rini , Sedjati Sri , Ridlo Ali
Published: February 2024

Logam besi (Fe) merupakan logam berat essensial yang dibutuhkan oleh makhluk hidup termasuk manusia dalam jumlah sedikit.  Jika jumlahnya melebihi batas ambang dapat menimbulkan efek racun karena bersifat karsinogenik. Salah satu upaya mengurangi kadar logam Fe pada daging kerang tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan kitosan atau turunan kitosan yaitu karboksimetil kitosan (KMK) sebagai adsorben. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi KMK dan kitosan terhadap kapasitas dan daya adsorpsi, serta konsentrasi terbaik dalam menurunkan kandungan logam berat Fe pada jaringan lunak kerang hijau. Metode penelitian secara eksperimental laboratoris. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu sumber kitosan yang digunakan yaitu kitosan dan karboksimetil kitosan (KMK) dan faktor kedua yaitu variasi konsentrasi yaitu kontrol (0%); 0,5%; 1%; 1,5% dan masing-masing perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Konsentrasi logam berat Fe awal pada kerang hijau sebesar 13,17 mg/kg. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh variasi konsentrasi kitosan dan KMK terhadap kapasitas dan daya adsorpsi logam berat Fe pada jaringan lunak kerang hijau. Konsentrasi terbaik pada kitosan 1,5% dapat menurunkan logam berat Fe menjadi 2,43 mg/kg dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 0,72 mg/g dan daya serap 81,56%, sedangkan KMK 1,5% dapat menurunkan logam berat Fe menjadi 3,68 mg/kg dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 0,63 mg/g dan daya serap sebesar 72,04%.  Fe is an essential heavy metal needed by humans in small amounts, if the amount exceeds the threshold, it can cause toxic effects because it is carcinogenic. To reduce the metal content of Fe in mussel meat, it can be done by utilizing chitosan or chitosan derivatives, namely carboxymethyl chitosan (KMK) as an adsorbent. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of KMK and chitosan on the adsorption capacity and power as well as the best concentration in reducing the heavy metal content of Fe in the soft tissue of green mussels. The research method is experimental laboratory. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors. The first factor is the source of chitosan used, namely chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan (KMK) and the second factor is the variation in concentration used, namely control (0%), 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% and each treatment 3 repetition. The initial heavy metal concentration of Fe in green mussels was 13.17 mg/kg. The results showed that there was an effect of variations in the concentration of chitosan and KMK on the capacity and adsorption ability of heavy metal Fe in green mussel meat. The best concentration of 1.5% chitosan can reduce heavy metal Fe to 2,43 mg/kg with adsorption capacity of 0.72 mg/g and absorption ability of 81.56%. Meanwhile, KMK 1.5% can reduce heavy metal Fe to 3.68 mg/kg with adsorption capacity of 0.63 mg/g and absorption ability of 72.04%.
Keanekaragaman Bivalvia Di Perairan Kabupaten Aceh Utara
Authors: Erniati Erniati , Andika Yudho , Imanullah Imanullah , Imamshadiqin Imamshadiqin , Salmarika Salmarika , Yulistia Elva Dwi , Lazuardi Rafly , Maulana Sanja
Published: February 2024

Kabupaten Aceh Utara memiliki potensi sumberdaya hayati laut yang melimpah salah satunya adalah bivalvia. Sebagai langkah awal dalam pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan potensi bivalvia di wilayah Kabupaten Aceh Utara maka perlu dilakukan penelitian terkait dengan keanekaragaman dan kepadatan bivalvia. Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat keanekaragaman dan pola sebaran bivalvia di Perairan Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli - Agustus 2022 di perairan Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan plot 1 x 1 m dengan analisis PCA dan cluster. Hasil penelitian melaporkan ditemukan 7 jenis bivalvia di Kabupaten Aceh Utara yaitu Geloina erosa, Donax cuneatus, Crassostrea sp1., Crassostrea sp2., Maretrix sp., Donax faba, dan Anadara granosa. Keanekaragaman bivalvia di Kabupaten Aceh Utara tergolong rendah berkisar 0 – 0,67. Ada jenis yang mendominasi dengan kepadatan tertinggi yaitu jenis A. granosa yaitu sebesar 23 Ind/m2. Kepadatan tertinggi bivalvia ditemukan pada Kecamatan Syamtalira Bayu yaitu sebesar 19 Ind/m2. Karakteristik kualitas perairan masih dalam rentang baku mutu untuk kelangsungan kehidupan biota laut. A. granosa telah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Aceh Utara untuk dijual atau dikonsumsi sendiri. Untuk mengatasi masalah eksploitasi secara berlebihan maka perlunya pengelolan sumberdaya kerang ini untuk pemanfaatan secara berkelanjutan.  North Aceh District has abundant marine biological resource potential, one of which is bivalves. As a first step in the management and utilization of the potential of bivalves in the North Aceh district, it is necessary to carry out research related to the diversity and density of bivalves. The aim of the study was to look at the diversity and distribution patterns of bivalves in the waters of North Aceh District. The research was carried out in July - August 2022 in the waters of North Aceh Regency. The method used was purposive sampling with a 1 x 1 m plot with PCA and cluster analysis. The results of the study reported that there were 7 types of bivalves in North Aceh District, namely Geloina erosa, Donax cuneatus, Crassostrea sp1., Crassostrea sp2., Maretrix sp., Donax faba, and Anadara granosa. Bivalve diversity in North Aceh District is low, ranging from 0 to 0.67. There is a type that dominates with the highest density, namely A. granosa, which is 23 Ind/m2. The highest density of bivalves was found in Syamtalira Bayu District, which was 19 Ind/m2. Characteristics of water quality are still within the range of quality standards for the survival of marine biota. A. granosa has been used by the people of North Aceh for sale or self-consumption. To overcome the problem of overexploitation, it is necessary to manage these shellfish resources for sustainable use.
Kondisi dan Status Kesehatan Ekosistem Padang Lamun di Pulau Bangka Bagian Selatan, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung
Authors: Supratman Okto , Adi Wahyu , Muftiadi M. Rizza , Henri Henri , Pamungkas Aditya
Published: February 2024

Ekosistem lamun di Bangka Selatan terjadinya gangguan dan ancaman dari beberapa aktivitas antropogenik. Akan tetapi data tentang kondisi dan kesehatan padang lamun sangat terbatas. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis kekayaan jenis, persentase tutupan dan kesehatan ekosistem padang lamun. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2022 hingga Desember 2022 di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan yang meliputi pesisir Tanjung Kerasak, Pantai Tukak, Pantai Penutuk, Pulau Anak Air dan Pantai Puding. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari 1) Pengumpulan data lamun, makroalga, dan epifit, 2) Pengukuran parameter lingkungan, 3) Analisis data meliputi analisis kesehatan lamun dengan metode Indeks Kesehatan Ekosistem Lamun (IKEL). Hasil penelitian  terdapat 8 jenis lamun yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Oceana serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis, Halophila minor, Halophila ovalis, dan Halodule pinifolia. Nilai tutupan lamun berkisar antara antara 2,04% hingga 41,93%  dengan rata-rata tutupan lamun yaitu 26,8 % yang dikategorikan miskin. Indek kesehatan ekosistem lamun (IKEL) di Bangka Selatan berkisar antara 0,60 sampai dengan 0,70 atau dikategorikan sedang sampai dengan baik. Kondisi kesehatan ekosistem lamun dikategorikan baik ditemukan di Pentuk (0,70), sedangkan dikategorikan sedang ditemukan di Tanjung Kerasak (0,68), Pantai Tukak (0,62), Pantai Puding (0,60), dan Pulau Anak Air (0,61).   The seagrass ecosystem in South Bangka is experiencing disturbance and threats from several anthropogenic activities. However, data on the condition and health of seagrass beds is very limited. The aim of the research is to analyze species richness, percentage cover and health of the seagrass ecosystem. The research was carried out from February 2022 to December 2022 in South Bangka Regency which includes the coast of Tanjung Kerasak, Tukak Beach, Penutuk Beach, Anak Air Island and Puding Beach. The research stages consisted of 1) collecting data on seagrass, macroalgae and epiphytes, 2) measuring environmental parameters, 3) data analysis including analysis of seagrass health using the Seagrass Ecological Quality Index (SEQI) method. The research results showed that there were 8 spesies of seagrass found at the research location. Spesies founded is Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Oceana serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis, Halophila minor, Halophila ovalis, and Halodule pinifolia. The seagrass cover value ranges from 2.04% to 41.93% with average seagrass cover is 26.8% which is categorized as poor. The seagrass ecology quality index in South Bangka ranges from 0.60 to 0.70 which categorized  as moderate to good. The health condition of the seagrass ecosystem was assessed as good in Pentuk (0.70), while moderate was found in Tanjung Kerasak (0.68), Tukak Beach (0.62), Puding Beach (0.60), and Anak Air Island (0. .60).
Physical Well-Being Needs of Bone Cancer Patients during Treatment in the Hospital: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Priyanto Priyanto , Fauzi Kamal Achmad , Dahlia Debie , Besral Besral
Published: February 2024

Background: Bone cancer patients undergoing hospitalization require support to manage physical challenges for optimal healing and recovery. The physical aspects experienced by the patients significantly affect their physical well-being. Addressing these aspects is essential for nurses in providing care. However, comprehensive assessments of bone cancer patients’ physical needs have not been thoroughly explored. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the physical well-being needs of patients with bone cancer undergoing hospitalization. Methods: This qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted among 14 bone cancer patients selected through purposive sampling. The criteria included patients with a primary cancer diagnosis, undergoing hospitalization at a cancer center, and having good orientation and verbal communication abilities. In-depth interviews were employed to delve into the patients’ well-being needs. To triangulate the data, 12 cancer nurses were involved. Data analysis utilized the Creswell method.Results: This study found chronic pain and bone lumps as fundamental physical challenges, leading to disruptions in physical movement, sleep disturbances, and dependency on others for self-care. Six themes emerged regarding the physical well-being needs of hospitalized bone cancer patients: goals and needs for physical well-being, need for pain management, need for physical mobility, need for sleep and rest, need for self-care, and the meaning of physical well-being for patients. Physical well-being provides a significant meaning in achieving nursing goals.Conclusion: This study shows the significance of addressing pain management, physical mobility, sleep and rest, and self-care for the physical well-being of bone cancer patients. Nurses should be able to identify various physical complaints and help improve the physical well-being of bone cancer patients.
Financial Toxicity and Its Associated Factors in Cancer Patients: A Cross-sectional Study in Indonesia
Authors: Handayani Dewi , Afiyanti Yati
Published: February 2024

Background: Financial toxicity has been shown to negatively affect cancer patients’ quality of life, depression, anxiety, and even mortality rates. However, there is only limited data on financial toxicity and its associated factors, which are needed to address this problem in Indonesia. Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors associated with financial toxicity in cancer patients in Indonesia.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that recruited respondents at a cancer health center in Indonesia using a convenience sampling method. A total of 110 adult cancer patients undergoing treatment took part in the study. The questionnaires comprised sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, and the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST). Logistic regression was performed to achieve the study's aim.Results: The median value of the financial toxicity index was 3.01 (min-max=1-5), indicating a medium level of financial toxicity. Occupational status was the only factor found to be associated with financial toxicity in this study. The participants who were unemployed were 2.389 more likely to have a higher financial toxicity level compared to those who were employed (OR=2.389; p=0.048).Conclusion: Unemployment was identified to be associated with financial toxicity among cancer patients. Nurses should assess and assist patients in utilizing financial resources and develop strategies to manage extra costs that burden them financially. Future nationwide studies are essential to provide more robust evidence on multifaceted factors influencing financial toxicity and inform policy-making aimed at effectively addressing financial toxicity.
„Najlepsza książka mówiona”. Wat, głos, awangarda i „świadectwa” Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Authors: Rakoczy Marta
Published: February 2024

Analizując Mój wiek Aleksandra Wata jako coś więcej niż relację zaangażowanego uczestnika wydarzeń Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, chciałabym pokazać jego eksperymentalny, bliski estetykom awangardowym, potencjał. Potencjał ten, moim zdaniem, wpisywał się w obszerne pole instytucjonalno-dyskursywne, wiązał się bowiem ze zwrotem mówionym w historiografii drugiej połowy XX wieku przetwarzanym na różne sposoby w społecznych politykach pamięci. W mojej interpretacji pamiętnik mówiony Wata nie był ani fikcjonalną kreacją, ani też niefikcjonalnym „świadectwem”. Był on gatunkiem twórczości słownej, który domagał się pogłębionej refleksji nad jego społecznym usytuowaniem i znaczeniem. W przypadku Mojego wieku należało dostrzec w opowieści Wata zdarzenia dziejące się między negocjującymi ze sobą aktorami rozmowy i rozmaitymi, uruchamianymi przez nich gatunkami opowieści. Wydarzenia te były pełne ambiwalencji, napięć i negocjacji, które działy się w polu gatunków wypowiadania doświadczenia, instytucji je inicjujących oraz ich politycznie, społecznie i kulturowo umocowanych aktorów i dyskursów. Były też oparte na określonych kulturowo i społecznie politykach pozyskiwania, odzyskiwania, przywracania, wywoływania lub przemilczania wspomnień oraz intencjonalnych i gatunkowych wyborach samego Wata. Wat i Miłosz zdecydowali się na – jak charakteryzował historię mówioną w 1998 roku Alessandro Portelli – „dialogowe kształtowanie dyskursu”, „bogatą heteroglosję” i „sekwencje procesów werbalnych i […] „konstruktów generowanych przez kulturowe i osobiste spotkania”. W artykule tym chcę pokazać, że heteroglosja ta prowokowała odmienne polityki pamięci. Konstruowała też odmienne ideologie głosu intelektualistów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej.
Performatywny wymiar Multipartu Tadeusza Kantora
Authors: Michalik-Tomala Justyna
Published: February 2024

Artykuł jest próbą analizy akcji Multipart jako formy i zarazem modelu eksperymentalnego archiwum. Archiwum będącego z jednej strony zbiorem i materializacją idei, wcześniejszych doświadczeń i konkretnych inspiracji Kantora, z drugiej zaś archiwum stanowiącego równie „artystyczny” zapis codzienności nabywców i „użytkowników” tych osobliwych dzieł. Interesującą mnie kwestią jest między innymi pytanie o to, w jakim stopniu Multipart mógł stanowić dla Kantora inspirację czy też impuls do procesu wytwarzania „żywego archiwum” swojej twórczości, któremu z całą determinacją oddał się pod koniec życia. Istotnym kontekstem dla moich rozważań jest ówczesna działalność krytyków tworzących Galerię Foksal, którzy w publikowanych tekstach krytyczno-teoretycznych zarówno podejmowali tematy związane ze sposobem prowadzenia galerii sztuki, jak i stawiali pytania o dokumentację czy galerię jako „żywe archiwum”.
Dzienniki wojenne Leopolda Buczkowskiego. Lektura antropologiczna
Authors: Libich Maciej
Published: February 2024

Tekst jest antropologiczną lekturą dzienników wojennych Leopolda Buczkowskiego prowadzonych w latach 1943–1945, a także polemiką z rozpoznaniami Sławomira Buryły i Radosława Siomy. Autor tekstu dowodzi, że trzy zeszyty zdeponowane w Muzeum Literatury im. Adama Mickiewicza to nie czystopisy z lat 80. – jak twierdzą edytorzy Dziennika wojennego (2001) – lecz oryginalne rękopisy. Badacz opisuje materialną warstwę diariusza, a zwłaszcza te jego elementy, które wyróżniają dziennik spośród innych zapisków czasu wojny: to między innymi zagadkowa interpunkcja, enigmatyczne notatki sporządzane na marginesach, a także nieczytelne rysunki i znaki umieszczane na parzystych stronach zeszytów, niezapełnionych pismem.
A kiskorú árvákról való gondoskodás Győr megye falvaiban a 19. század első felében
Authors: Horváth József
Published: February 2024

Caring for Minor Orphans in the Villages of Győr County in the First Half of the 19th Century Using the example of two settlements in Győr county, Kajár and Gyarmat, the study shows how minor orphans were cared for in the Benedictine estates of Szentmárton and the Premontre estates of Csorna in the first half of the 19th century. It briefly talks about the composition of document sets, wills and "fatherly agreements" that influence inheritance, and the operation of the estate's orphan fund; but it also addresses, for example, what happened to the property of the minor orphan after his death.
A gyermekkel kapcsolatos normasértések, bűntettek a magyar népballadákban
Authors: Lanczendorfer Zsuzsanna
Published: February 2024

Children-Related Violations of Norms and Crimes in Hungarian Folk Ballads In my study, I am introducing what kind of conflict situations and violations against norms appear in Hungarian folk ballads, in the parent-child relationship. I am presenting what sort of abuses and crimes occur, which are committed against children. I am touching upon public op nion punishment related to the topic, as well as upon children's contemporary legal defence.
Decoding Semantics from Dynamic Brain Activation Patterns: From Trials to Task in EEG/MEG Source Space
Authors: Magnabosco Federica , Hauk Olaf
Published: February 2024

The temporal dynamics within the semantic brain network and its dependence on stimulus and task parameters are still not well understood. Here, we addressed this by decoding task as well as stimulus information from source-estimated EEG/MEG human data. We presented the same visual word stimuli in a lexical decision (LD) and three semantic decision (SD) tasks. The meanings of the presented words varied across five semantic categories. Source space decoding was applied over time in five ROIs in the left hemisphere (anterior and posterior temporal lobe, inferior frontal gyrus, primary visual areas, and angular gyrus) and one in the right hemisphere (anterior temporal lobe). Task decoding produced sustained significant effects in all ROIs from 50 to 100 ms, both when categorizing tasks with different semantic demands (LD-SD) as well as for similar semantic tasks (SD-SD). In contrast, a semantic word category could only be decoded in lATL, rATL, PTC, and IFG, between 250 and 500 ms. Furthermore, we compared two approaches to source space decoding: conventional ROI-by-ROI decoding and combined-ROI decoding with back-projected activation patterns. The former produced more reliable results for word category decoding while the latter was more informative for task decoding. This indicates that task effects are distributed across the whole semantic network while stimulus effects are more focal. Our results demonstrate that the semantic network is widely distributed but that bilateral anterior temporal lobes together with control regions are particularly relevant for the processing of semantic information.
An Integrated Undergraduate Laboratory Exercise to Demonstrate Microbial Evolution
Authors: Qi Qin , Stacey Jeremy A. C. , Wright Nureeni , Tetu Sasha G. , Gillings Michael R.
Published: February 2024

Understanding that evolution progresses through generation of DNA variants followed by selection is a key learning outcome for biology students. We designed an integrated and innovative undergraduate laboratory exercise using Saccharomyces cerevisiae to demonstrate these principles. Students perform in vitro experimental evolution by repeatedly propagating large or small yeast colonies on a weekly basis. Small-colony variants known as petites arise by mutations that disrupt aerobic respiration. To demonstrate the effects of increased mutation rates, half of the selection lines are exposed to ultraviolet irradiation. To understand how the petite phenotype arises, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is performed to examine mitochondrial DNA, while biochemical assays are used to assess the ability of petites to undergo aerobic respiration. This exercise demonstrates evolution by artificial selection over a suitably short timeframe and links the results to a critical biochemical process: the role of mitochondria in aerobic respiration and ATP production. By implementing these experiments, we successfully demonstrated that the frequencies of petite mutants in evolved populations varied according to the selection pressure we applied, and that petite mutants carried deletions in mitochondrial DNA as anticipated. Through an integrated learning context, this practical exercise promotes fundamental understanding of evolutionary processes and fosters critical thinking skills.
A Tool to Teach Evolution of Protein Sequences and Structures
Authors: Szarecka Agnieszka , Dobson Christopher
Published: February 2024

Computer modeling and protein structure visualization tools are effective and engaging ways of presenting various molecular biology concepts to high school and college students. Here, we describe a series of activities and exercises that use online bioinformatics databases and programs to search for and obtain protein sequence and structure data and use it to build homology models of proteins. Exercises in homology modeling can serve the pedagogical purpose of introducing and illustrating the concept of homology within gene and protein families, which results in conservation of the 3D structures of proteins and allows us to predict structures when experimental data are not available.
Fields of contestation and contamination: Maize seeds, agroecology and the (de)coloniality of agriculture in Malawi and South Africa
Authors: Bezner Kerr Rachel , Wynberg Rachel
Published: February 2024

Farmer-managed seed systems and the conservation of agrobiodiversity are increasingly recognized as important components of food and seed sovereignty. In contrast, hybrid, genetically modified (GM), and, increasingly, gene-edited crops continue to be promoted by Green Revolution proponents as a “climate smart” package that includes fertilizers, pesticides, purchased seeds, and links to global markets. Influencing seed laws and policies to support the uptake of modern crop varieties has been a key entry point in many countries, facilitated by networks of foreign donors, philanthropists, governments, and multinational companies. Using the case of South Africa, where GM crops have been grown for several decades, we provide insights on implications for Malawi, which passed a Seed Act in 2022, implicitly supporting GM crops. Both countries have histories of colonial agriculture with strong policy support for modern, hybrid varieties of maize, and the replacement (and displacement) of local, open-pollinated maize varieties. In South Africa, several studies have revealed the contamination of smallholder fields and seed systems. Through a political ecology lens, we explore how maize and its cotechnologies were commodified in South Africa and Malawi, and what South African experiences of GM crop adoption in smallholder farming systems can tell us about the challenges to be faced by smallholder Malawian farmers. We reveal how colonial histories and ongoing colonialities of power, knowledge, being, and nature continue to shape the character and form of agriculture in both countries, running counter to the needs of agroecological smallholder farmers and their ways of knowing and being. We conclude by envisioning what reimagined, transformed and decolonial approaches for food and agriculture might look like on the African continent, and how they might contribute toward the attainment of food and seed sovereignty and an agroecological future.
Negative affect in sustained flow: An investigation into adverse consequences of prolonged engagement
Authors:   University of Rzeszów, Poland, Pietluch Arkadiusz
Published: February 2024

Sustained flow (SF) is a motivational phenomenon characterised by long-term, heightened engagement in pursuit of personally meaningful goals (Dörnyei et al. 2014). As SF experiences allow indi-viduals to produce exceptional accomplishments, it was initially conceptualised that positive emotionality is the only type of affect associated with the flow. However, a closer analysis of former studies revealed that negative emotions, such as frustration or anxiety, are not uncommon for the phenomenon at hand (Ibrahim 2016; Muir 2020; Sak & Gurbuz 2022). Considering the scarcity of prior efforts to scrutinise SF experiences for the presence of negative affect, the present study was initiated to fill the gap in SF-relat-ed research. Following the sampling phase, which sought to identify prospective SFs amongst 163 adult individuals learning foreign languages, thematic analysis was applied to elucidate the nature of the affect experienced by the respondents. The final sample consisted of 4 participants who reported experiencing severe negative emotional stimulation associated with their SFs. Based on these accounts, three major sources of negative affect were identified, i.e., preoccupation beyond SF requirements, inner coercion to perform SF routines, and a prolonged sense of loss. While instances of negative affect associated with SF are relatively rare, it was found that this type of emotionality may cause some experiences to cease prematurely, and some of its potential consequences may exceed the lifespan of SF.
Bilateral pheochromocytomas: clinical presentation and morbidity rate related to surgery technique and genetic status
Authors: Lider Burciulescu Sofia Maria , Gheorghiu Monica Livia , Muresan Andrei , Gherlan Iuliana , Patocs Attila , Badiu Corin
Published: February 2024

Background

Pheochromocytomas (PHEOs) are rare catecholamine-secreting adrenal tumors. Approximately 60–90% of bilateral PHEOs are hereditary. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with bilateral PHEOs and the morbidity rate (malignancy, tumor recurrence and adrenal insufficiency (AI) rate) related to surgery technique and genetic status of the patients.

Results

Fourteen patients (12.5%, nine women, five men) had synchronous or metachronous bilateral PHEOs (out of 112 PHEO patients who underwent surgery between 1976 and 2021). The median age at diagnosis was 32 years (9–76) (three were children). Nine patients (64.2%) presented synchronous bilateral tumors, five (35.7%) contralateral metachronous tumors, 2–12 years after the first surgical intervention; three (21.4%) were metastatic. Median follow-up: 5 years (1–41), IQR 19 months. A total of 78.5% had a germline mutation (eight RET gene with MEN2A syndrome, three VHL syndrome, three not tested). Post-surgery recurrence was noted in 16.6% of patients (one with MEN2A syndrome and metastatic PHEOs, one with VHL syndrome), with similar rates after total adrenalectomy or cortical-sparing adrenal surgery. AI was avoided in 40% after cortical-sparing surgery.

Conclusion

Bilateral PHEOs are usually associated with genetic syndromes. The surgical technique for patients with hereditary bilateral PHEOs should be chosen based on a personalized approach, as they are at higher risk for developing new adrenal tumors requiring additional surgeries.
The ETA–ESE statement on the European Chemicals Agency opinion on iodine as an endocrine disruptor
Authors: Moreno-Reyes Rodrigo , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Piekiełko-Witkowska Agnieszka , Gaspar da Rocha Adriana , Badiu Corin , Köhrle Josef , Duntas Leonidas
Published: February 2024

Graphical abstract

In 2022, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) made a statement concluding that iodine is an endocrine disruptor (ED). We stress the fact that the ECHA opinion ECHA/BPC/357/2022 is based on their misguidedly zooming in on exclusively the biocidal products (e.g. hand disinfectants, disinfection of animals’ teats/udder, embalming fluids before cremation) that contain molecular iodine (I2), entirely neglecting the 2013 ECHA Regulation (EU) no. 528/2012 describing iodine as being of ‘great importance for human health’. Clearly, the current sweeping and erroneous classification of ‘iodine’ as an endocrine disruptor is ill-advised. We moreover call upon the scientific and medical community at large to use the accurate scientific nomenclature, i.e. iodide or iodate instead of ‘iodine’ when referring to iodized salts and food prepared there with. Drugs, diagnostic agents, and synthetic chemicals containing the element iodine in the form of covalent bonds must be correctly labeled ‘iodinated’, if possible, using each time their distinctive and accurate chemical or pharmacological name.
SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY INDICES IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT GLIOMAS AND EFFECTS OF PLATELET SECRETOME IN VITRO
Authors: Rozumenko V. , Liubich L. , Pedachenko E. , Staino L. , Egorova D. , Kot L. , Malysheva T.
Published: February 2024

Background. To date, no significant clinical progress has been achieved in the treatment of brain malignant gliomas (MG), and the active search for non-invasive circulating biomarkers continues. The prognostic significance of the ratio of the main peripheral blood cell populations of patients with MG is evaluated. Considerable attention is paid to the secretome of platelets (Pt) of peripheral blood. Aim. To evaluate the indicators of the peripheral blood cell population ratios in patients with brain MG and to study the influence of the secretome of Pt (SPt) of the peripheral blood of patients with brain MG in cell cultures in vitro. Materials and Methods. We studied samples of peripheral blood from patients with glioma CNS WHO grade G2 (n = 5), G3 (n = 12), and G4 (n = 20). The peripheral blood cell counts were analyzed in the preoperative period on an automatic hematology analyzer. The in vitro study of SPt was performed on the U251 human glioblastoma cell line cultured with SPt from MG patients or SPt pre-incubated with anti-TGF-β1 antibody. Cell cultures were observed for 72 h, and mitotic index (MI) was calculated. Results. In MG patients, the count of peripheral blood leukocytes and neutrophils increased (p < 0.05). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) increased by 2—3 times compared to control. Nevertheless, correlation analysis did not reveal significant relationships between quantitative indicators of peripheral blood cells and the tumor malignancy degree in MG patients. The MI in U251 cells increased under the influence of SPt from patients with MG (p < 0.021), correlated with the tumor degree of malignancy (r = 0.246, p = 0.014). Pre-incubation of SPt with anti-TGF-β1 antibody tends to neutralize this promitotic effect. Conclusion. In MG patients, the integral indicators of NLR and SII increased but no significant relationship with the degree of tumor malignancy was found. In U251 cells, promitotic effects of SPt of MG patients partially decreased by anti-TGF-β1 antibody.
EXPRESSION PROFILE OF miR-145, -182, -21, -27a, -29b, and -34a IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS OF YOUNG AGE
Authors: Chekhun V. , Borikun T. , Mushii O. , Zadvornyi T. , Martyniuk О. , Kashuba E. , Bazas V. , Hrybach S. , Krotevych M. , Lyalkin S. , Lukianova N.
Published: February 2024

Background. Breast cancer (BC) in young women remains a significant public health concern. While progress has been made in understanding the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of BC in this population, challenges persist. The identification and utilization of prognostic biomarkers offer valuable tools for tailoring treatment strategies and improving outcomes for BC patients. Aim. To evaluate the relationship between the expression of tumor-associated microRNAs and the clinical and pathological features of BC in young patients. Materials and Methods. The work is based on the results of the examination and treatment of 50 women younger than 45 years with stage I—II BC. miR-145, -182, -21, -27a, -29b, and -34a expression in tumor samples was analyzed by the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results. Higher expression of miR-182, -21, and -29b and lower levels of miR-27a were associated with tumor stage in young BC patients. Patients without lymph node metastases (N0) had significantly higher levels of miR-182, -27a, and -34a and lower levels of miR-29b compared to N1 cases (p < 0.05). Expression of miR-145, -182, -21, -27a, and -29b was associated with molecular BC subtypes. Conclusion. Obtained results show that a high malignancy degree of BC in young women is associated with an increase in the miR-182, -21, -29b, and -34a expressions and a decrease in the miR-27a level in the tumor tissue, which indicates the prospects of the use of them for predicting the aggressiveness of the disease.
SOLUBLE CD150 ISOFORM LEVEL IN PLASMA OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS
Authors: Gordiienko I. , Scherbina V. , Shlapatska L.
Published: February 2024

Background. SLAMF1/CD150 is an active player in B cell signaling networks in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CD150-mediated signaling initiates through a homophilic CD150 binding, which spans the adjacent cells, or the interaction with the soluble CD150 isoform (sCD150). The expression of sCD150 isoform at the mRNA and protein levels ex vivo was confirmed. However, it is unclear whether sCD150 isoform present in the blood plasma of CLL patients is a factor in the constitutive activation of CD150+ cells. The aim of this study was to develop an ELISA assay for the specific sCD150 evaluation and assess the sCD150 levels in the blood plasma of CLL patients with different CD150 expression on B cells. Materials and Methods. Blood plasma samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 40 previously untreated CLL patients were analyzed. An ELISA method, ex vivo drug sensitivity assay, and a cell viability assay were used. Results. The sCD150 isoform was found in all studied plasma samples of CLL patients at different levels regardless of the cell surface CD150 expression status of B cells and sCD150 mRNA expression. CLL cases with low levels of the cell surface CD150 expression in B cells are characterized by high levels of sCD150 in blood plasma in contrast to the CLL cases with high cell surface CD150 expression on B cells. The elevated levels of sCD150 in blood plasma are associated with a better sensitivity of malignant B cells to cyclophosphamide and bendamustine. Conclusions. The sCD150 isoform is actively secreted by CLL B cells with its accumulation in blood plasma, which may be regarded as an additional factor in the CLL clinicopathologic variability.
Аналіз синаптичної передачі сигналів на основі кінетичної моделі
Authors: Vasyliev O.M. , Zaitseva O.V. , Chalyi O.V.
Published: February 2024

У статтi аналiзуються особливостi передачi нервових сигналiв через синаптичну щiлину (контакт мiж двома нейронами). Вiдповiдний аналiз виконується з використанням кi-нетичної моделi, яка ґрунтується на системi нелiнiйних диференцiальних рiвнянь першого порядку i дозволяє вiдстежувати кiлькiсть активованих рецепторiв на постсинаптичнiй мембранi та кiлькiсть медiатора в синаптичнiй щiлинi. Модель поєднує в собi вiдносну простоту та функцiональнiсть, що дозволяє отримувати якiснi результати, спiвставнi з наявними експериментальними даними та результатами iнших теоретичних дослiджень. Показано, що модель на якiсному рiвнi коректно описує процес проходження сигналу через синаптичну щiлину. Отримано та проаналiзовано точнi (числовi) та наближенi (аналiтичнi) розв’язки для кiлькостi активованих рецепторiв на постсинаптичнiй мембранi та кiлькостi медiатора в синаптичнiй щiлинi. Доведено стiйкiсть стацiонарних станiв в рамках моделi, що свiдчить про самоузгодженiсть останньої i можливiсть її використання для моделювання проходження сигналiв через синапс.
Modelling the Dynamics of Electrified Particle Flow during Wind Drift using OpenFoam
Authors: Malinovskaya Elena Aleksandrovna , Gorchakov Gennady Ilyich , Karpov Alexey Vladimirovich , Maksimenkov Leonid Olegovich , Datsenko Oleg Igorevich
Published: February 2024

We study the generation of dust aerosol in the wind-driven cascading motion of charged particles over an irregular surface. The particles move under the influence of air flow over two elements of ripple type on an aeolian surface. Behind the obstacles the flow of saltation particles becomes non-uniform, the character of motion is noted by quasi-periodicity. The problem of including electrostatic effects into the hydrodynamic model, in which the mutual influence of particles and air medium is taken into account, was solved. A parametric model is proposed, which allows taking into account the chargeability of dust particles and the underlying surface in modeling wind transport. Computational experiments are carried out using the open source OpenFOAM package, the Eulerian-Lagrangian turbulent k-ω-model. Accordingly, the dynamics of charged particles is considered taking into account the electrification of the surface itself. From the results of computational experiments for different density characteristics of particles charged homonymously with the surface, the influence of the electric field on the frequency of change of the number of particles in the flow, on the scattering of values of velocities and the height of particle hops, as well as on the weakening of the effect of particles on the medium behind obstacles is estimated. When the influence of electrostatic effects is taken into account, an increase in the disturbing effect of particles flying after obstacles on the air medium is revealed (the distance from the obstacle increases, more local areas of disturbance appear). A decrease in the dispersion value is noted for the velocities of hopping particles. The height of particle jumps increases, which is confirmed by known experiments. The lower value of characteristic frequencies of change in the number of particles in the flow decreases. The non-uniformity of the particle flow determines changes in the intensity of dust aerosol generation.
Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza – historia i współczesność
Authors:   Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza, Marciniak Sylwester
Published: February 2024

This paper aims at sectional presenting of the evolution of the National Electoral Commission (PKW) as the highest and the only permanent election commission in Poland – from the interwar period to the modern times. For that reason, this paper enumerates the members of the first polish National Electoral Commission which was constituted by the regulations of the Electoral System to Sejm of the Republic of Poland of 1922 as well as the way of appointing of PKW in the consecutive electoral statutes. Furthermore, during analysing of the personel of PKW, the author references to the provisions of Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters adopted by the Venice Commission. The main conclusion of this paper is that contemporary and historical structure of the personal composition of PKW are very similar to each other.