bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two Alternative Proofs of the Grüss Inequality
Authors: Tchernookov Martin
Published: October 2020

The classical Grüss inequality has spurred a range of improvements, generalizations, and extensions. In this article, we provide new functional bounds that ultimately lead to two elementary proofs of the inequality that might be of interest. Our results are motivated by the extreme cases where the equality is reached, namely step functions of equal support. Our first proof is based on the standard Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and a simple bound on the variance of a function. Its simplicity would be of particular interest to those who are new to the study of functional inequalities. Our second proof utilizes non-intuitive and novel bounds on functionals defined on L∞(0, 1). As a result, we provide a detailed and new insight into the nature of the Grüss inequality.
Characteristics and nutritional value of selected caviar products
Authors: MAĆKOWIAK-DRYKA MONIKA , PASZKIEWICZ WALDEMAR , SZKUCIK KRZYSZTOF
Published: October 2020

Caviar is a typical example of a luxury food, and the history of its consumption goes back to antiquity. The European Union regulations provide a strict definition of caviar, whose production is regarded as part of aquaculture. There are various caviar products available on the market, which have been classified into categories by Bronzi and Rosenthal. Caviar products purchased most often by consumers are substitutes produced from eggs of fish species other than the Acipenseridae family because of their high availability, low prices, and vast offer. Another type of substitutes are salted snail eggs, but they are produced in limited amounts, and their price is relatively high. Less popular are products imitating caviar, for instance those produced from seaweed. The nutritional value of caviars and their substitutes varies significantly, according to their nutrient content and caloric value, It depends mainly on the origin of the fish roe. Due to its high nutritional value, and especially the presence of unsaturated fatty acids (NNKT), caviar is the most recommended for consumption by humans. Certain caviar substitutes, such as keta roe, also have a high nutritional value. On the other hand, salted snail eggs contain trace amounts of fat, which decreases their nutritional and caloric value.
EXTRATO HIDROETANÓLICO DE GENGIBRE (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) INIBE A OXIDAÇÃO DA LIPOPROTEÍNA DE BAIXA DENSIDADE (LDL), IN VITRO
Authors: De Moraes Stêfani , Portella Amanda Felipe , Zambra Andressa Leal , Da Silva Bruna Morgan , Mori Natacha Cossettin , Rosa Isadora Aguirre , Deuschle Viviane Cecília Kessler Nunes , Bortolotto Josiane Woutheres , Bonfanti Azzolin Gabriela
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Considerando a oxidação da LDL como fator crucial no desenvolvimento da aterosclerose, e as propriedades antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias e anti-angiogênica do gengibre (Zingiber officinale), o objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar o conteúdo fitoquímico, mecanismos antioxidantes e o potencial do Extrato Hidroetanólico de Rizoma de Gengibre (EHEG), sobre a oxidação da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) de pacientes hipercolesterolêmicos, in vitro. Método: No EHEG foram avaliados teores de compostos fitoquímicos e mecanismos antioxidantes. A partir de amostras de soro dos pacientes (n=12), a fração LDL foi isolada, previamente tratada com EHEG (10 - 100 µg/ml) e submetidas à indução oxidativa com AAPH (10 mM). Após, o nível de lipoperoxidação foi medido. Resultados: O EHEG possui compostos fenólicos totais (357,68 ± 39,80 mg AG/g), flavonóides (30,37 ± 5,10 mg Q/g), taninos (51,99 ± 11,88 mg CA/g) e vitamina C (21,53 ± 1,43 mg Vit C/g), além de apresentar atividade removedora de radicais de NO (IC50 = 40,53 μg/mL) e de H2O2 (IC50 = 1,42 mg/mL). Quanto à inibição da oxidação de LDL, observou-se que o EHEG, a partir da concentração de 50 µg/ ml foi efetivo em reduzir o dano oxidativo causado pelo AAPH. Conclusão: O gengibre possui atividade protetora contra a formação de LDL oxidada, sugerindo que seus compostos fitoquímicos conferem-lhe atividade antioxidante, podendo ser efetivo na prevenção e/ou tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares, especialmente as relacionadas ao processo de aterosclerose.
BIOQUÍMICA MITOCONDRIAL E ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO NO TRANSTORNO BIPOLAR: NOVOS HORIZONTES
Authors: Cyrino Luiz Arthur Rangel , Lima Daniela Delwing-de , Ullmann Oliver Matheus , Maia Thayna Patachini , Sardo Ana Carolina
Published: October 2020

Este artigo é uma revisão do efeito do estresse oxidativo (EO) no Transtorno Bipolar (TB). Esta doença é caracterizada como sendo crônica, grave, com alta morbidade, mortalidade e altas taxas de suicídio. É uma doença progressiva, com episódios cada vez mais curtos e frequentes ao longo do tempo. Modificações ocorrem no cérebro, como alterações na neuroplasticidade, neurotransmissão, falhas na apoptose, ativação no processo imunoinflamatório, com alterações na via de sinalização do cálcio, e mais recentemente, sobre o EO. Esses eventos envolvem uma reorganização patológica no cérebro e, portanto, estão associados a alterações morfológicas, como; redução do volume do córtex pré-frontal, do hipocampo e da amígdala aumentada. Essas alterações estruturais e bioquímicas são conhecidas como neuroprogressão, e apresentam diferenças entre o estágio inicial e final do TB. Neurônios e células da glia têm uma das mais altas demandas de energia, onde estas alterações bioquímicas e anatômicas afetam essas células e principalmente organelas, como as mitocôndrias. A mitocôndria é uma organela especializada que gera trifosfato de adenosina (ATP) sendo considerada a principal fonte de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) e espécies reativas de nitrogênio (ERNs), produzidas pela cadeia de transporte de elétrons (CTE), levando assim ao EO. O papel do EO na fisiopatologia da TB tem sido investigado em vários estudos relatando mudanças nos níveis das enzimas antioxidantes, na peroxidação lipídica e do óxido nítrico (NO). Os mecanismos fisiopatológicos do TB contribuem para uma melhor compreensão da atividade da doença e podem revelar possíveis soluções para o diagnóstico e prognóstico.
Temporal analysis of water, sanitation, and hygiene data from knowledge, attitudes, and practices surveys in the protracted humanitarian crisis in Myanmar
Authors: Domini Marta , Guidotti Sunny , Lantagne Daniele
Published: October 2020

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) surveys are commonly conducted by humanitarian actors at project baseline and endline. We hypothesized summarized KAP data could inform water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programming and strategies. In conflict-affected Myanmar, the WASH Cluster collated KAP documents from 2011 to 2016. After developing a methodology for KAP temporal analysis, we reviewed provided documents against inclusion criteria; extracted and categorized data; created a WASH activities and emergency events timeline; completed temporal analysis; and triangulated and summarized results. Sixteen documents met inclusion criteria assessing WASH data at the national level (19%), in Rakhine (56%) or Kachin State (25%). Twenty-five WASH metrics were extracted and categorized. We found WASH knowledge and attitudes (e.g. handwashing knowledge) increased over time; practices (e.g. handwashing) also increased, but at a lower rate and less consistently; and increases were related to WASH programming. Using this methodology, we identified gaps (safe water storage, risk of children's feces, focus on vulnerable populations), barriers (cultural and religious beliefs), and programmatic recommendations (continue hygiene promotion, focusing on closing gaps, and improve waste collection systems) in Myanmar. Additionally, to enable temporal analysis and improve WASH programming, we recommend WASH Clusters standardize KAP data collection tools and analysis in the future.
Prag Uluslararası Öğretmenler Kongresi
Authors: BECERİKLİ Sabri , TANGÜLÜ Zafer
Published: October 2020

Bir bilim dalı olarak eğitim kendisini oluşturan paydaşlarla birlikte geçmişten günümüze kadar bir inceleme ve çalışma alanı olmuştur. Özellikle basılı ve görsel materyallerle beraber geçmişten günümüze kadar süre gelen ulusal ve uluslararası toplantılar, çalıştaylar ve kongreler de bu bilimin gelişmesi adına yapılan bilimsel faaliyetlerdir. Bu çalışma, 1923 tarihinde Prag’da toplanan uluslararası öğretmenler kongresinin Ali Haydar (Taner) Bey’in gözlemleriyle oluşturduğu raporundan yola çıkarak yorumlanıp, sadeleştirilip günümüze kazandırılmış halidir. Kongre eğitim tarihi açısından önemli bir organizasyonudur. Çünkü henüz daha Cumhuriyet kurulmadan evvel Ankara’daki ulusal TBMM Hükümetinin resmi bir davetle bu kongreye çağrılması Türkiye adına önemlidir. Çalışmada bizzat Ali Haydar (Taner) Bey’in kongreye katıldıktan sonra kaleme aldığı raporu ana kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır. Kongre üç gün sürmüş ve günümüzde halen daha tartışmaları devam eden konular üzerine konuşulmuştur. Bu konuların çoğunda genel geçer bir sonuca ulaşılamamış, bir fikir birliğine varılamamıştır. Kongrede tartışılan öğretmen yetiştirme sürecinde staj, derslerin dağılımı, derslerdeki genel kültür ve pedagoji ayrımı gibi hususlar şunu ortaya koydu ki bugün dahi öğretmen yetiştirme program süreçlerinde benzer konuların tartışıldığı ve dolayısıyla geçmişteki sorunların henüz tamamen çözüme ulaştırılamadığıdır. Çalışmanın yöntemi ise doküman incelenmesi üzerine kurulu olan nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarihsel analizdir.
Focus on MicroRNAs as Biomarker in Pediatric Diseases
Authors: Lassandro Giuseppe , Ciaccia Loredana , Amoruso Anna , Palladino Valentina , Palmieri Viviana V. , Giordano Paola
Published: October 2020

Background:

MiRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are involved in the post-transcriptional
regulation of gene expression. MiRNAs are considered a class of epigenetic biomarkers. These biomarkers
can investigate disease at different stages: diagnosis, therapy or clinical follow-up.

Objective:

The aim of this paper is to highlight the innovative use of miRNAs in several childhood diseases.

Methods:

We conducted a literature review to search the usage of miRNAs in pediatric clinical routine or experimental
trials.

Results:

We found a possible key role of miRNAs in different pediatric illnesses (metabolic alterations, coagulation
defects, cancer).

Conclusion:

The modest literature production denotes that further investigation is needed to assess and validate
the promising role of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in pediatric disorders.
LCH of the Scapula in a 2-Year-Old Masquerading as an ABC: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Popovic Aleksandar , Naous Rana , Damron Timothy A.
Published: October 2020

We describe a unique case of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) arising in the scapula of a 2-year old male child masquerading as an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) at clinical presentation and on imaging. Scapular involvement is only occasionally noted in LCH cases. Solitary bone involvement in our patient’s age group is uncommon in LCH without multi-organ involvement. Careful pathologic examination and immunohistochemistry was crucial in establishing this diagnosis due to the presence of a solitary lesion with fluid-fluid levels.
Valorization of underutilized river tamarind Leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis
Authors:   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia, et al. Husin
Published: October 2020

River tamarind or scientifically Leucaena leucocephala, is one of the underutilized nanocellulose resources with the potential to be used in reinforcement materials. This work evaluated the use of the insoluble residual waste or marc obtained during the isolation of galactomannan from Leucaena leucocephala seed (LLS) as a feedstock of cellulose to obtain cellulose nanocrystals by a two-step acid hydrolysis followed by its characterization and morphological study. The first step involved acid hydrolyzation of the hemicellulose and lignin from LLS, while the second step dealt with the removal of the amorphous region to produce crystalline LLS nanocrystals (NLLS). The physicochemical properties of nanocrystals were characterized using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The NLLS isolated showed a rod-like structure in the range of 70–90nm in diameter with a crystallinity index of 76% and thermal stability at 264°C. PSA indicates that 97.5% of the size distribution of NLLS was below 136.9nm. GPC analysis also revealed that the sulphuric acid hydrolyzation during the second step caused a reduction in the molecular weight due to the cleaving of glycosidic bonds in the structure. These results indicated that LLS waste is a potential feedstock for cellulose nanocrystals preparation.
Analyses of the circulation in intermediate and shallow water masses of the North Atlantic with Lagrangian and profiling methods
Authors: Lankhorst Matthias
Published: October 2020

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) transports warm water northwards in near-surface depth layers and cold water southwards at greater depths.
This dissertation investigates aspects of the circulation within the context of the MOC in the northeastern and tropical Atlantic, based on observations of the past 20 years.
The instrumentation mainly relies on submerged drifters called floats, which measure current velocities and, depending on instrument type, hydrographic profiles.
A Serious Game Designed to Promote Safe Behaviors Among Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of “Escape COVID-19” (Preprint)
Authors: Suppan Mélanie , Catho Gaud , Robalo Nunes Tomás , Sauvan Valérie , Perez Monique , Graf Christophe , Pittet Didier , Harbarth Stephan , Abbas Mohamed , Suppan Laurent
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

As many countries fear and even experience the emergence of a second wave of COVID-19, reminding health care workers (HCWs) and other hospital employees of the critical role they play in preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission is more important than ever. Building and strengthening the intrinsic motivation of HCWs to apply infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines to avoid contaminating their colleagues, patients, friends, and relatives is a goal that must be energetically pursued. A high rate of nosocomial infections during the first COVID-19 wave was detected by IPC specialists and further cemented their belief in the need for an engaging intervention that could improve compliance with COVID-19 safe behaviors.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim was to develop a serious game that would promote IPC practices with a specific focus on COVID-19 among HCWs and other hospital employees.

METHODS

The first 3 stages of the SERES framework were used to develop this serious game. A brainswarming session between developers and IPC specialists was used to identify the target audience and acquisition objectives. Nicholson’s RECIPE mnemonic (reflection, engagement, choice, information, play, exposition) for meaningful gamification was used to guide the general design. A common and simple terminology was used to suit the broad target audience. The game was tested on various platforms (smartphones, tablets, laptops, desktop computers) by different users during each development loop and before its final release.

RESULTS

The game was designed to target all hospital staff who could be in direct contact with patients within the Geneva University Hospitals. In total, 10 acquisition objectives were defined by IPC specialists and implemented into the game according to the principles of meaningful gamification. A simple storyboard was first created using Microsoft PowerPoint and was progressively refined through multiple iteration loops. Articulate Storyline was then used to create two successive versions of the actual game. In the final version, a unique graphic atmosphere was created with help from a professional graphic designer. Feedback mechanisms were used extensively throughout the game to strengthen key IPC messages.

CONCLUSIONS

The SERES framework was successfully used to create “Escape COVID-19,” a serious game designed to promote safe IPC practices among HCWs and other hospital employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. This game can be obtained free of charge for research and educational purposes. A SCORM (shareable content object reference model) package is available to facilitate results and completion tracking on most current learning management systems.
Evaluation of a Web Platform to Record Lifestyle Habits in Subjects at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes in a Middle-Income Population: Prospective Interventional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sevilla-Gonzalez Magdalena Del Rocio , Bourguet-Ramirez Brigette , Lazaro-Carrera Laura Sofia , Martagon-Rosado Alexandro J , Gomez-Velasco Donaji Veronica , Viveros-Ruiz Tannia Leticia
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Lifestyle is the focus of type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention strategies. Prevention strategies using mobile health (mHealth)–based therapy have shown positive results for T2D prevention in high-income settings, but little is known about their effectiveness in low- and middle-income populations where the burden of T2D is substantial. “Vida Sana” is a web platform designed to record lifestyle habits and medication use within a lifestyle change program.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to identify the barriers, feasibility, usability, and effectiveness of Vida Sana to record lifestyle habits in subjects at risk of developing T2D in a middle-income setting.

METHODS

This was a 3-month prospective interventional study in Mexican individuals. A total of 77 subjects at risk of T2D (with prediabetes and BMI between 24 and 40 kg/m2) were selected. Feasibility was assessed by study retention. Usability was evaluated with the System Usability Scale (SUS). Effectiveness measures included changes in weight, body composition, BMI, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting blood glucose from baseline to 3 months. Linear regression models were used to account for covariates.

RESULTS

The feasibility of Vida Sana was 42%, with 33 subjects using the platform, and the usability was 48.7 (SD 14.24). Reported barriers to platform usage were; difficulty in accessing the platform from difficulty of use (12 subjects, 36%), lack of time to record their habits (11 subjects, 34%), lack of interest to record their habits (6 subjects, 18%), and lack of resources (4 subjects, 11%). The platform was effective for lowering glucose in fasting (–3.1 mg/dL vs –0.11 [SD 8.08] mg/dL; P=.038) and at 2 hours (–16.9 mg/dL vs 2.5 [SD 26.1] mg/dL; P=.045), body fat percentage (–1.3 [–2.2 to –0.7] vs –1.02 [–1.9 to –0.3]; P=.02), and waist circumference (–3.2 [SD 5.1] cm vs –1.7 [SD 5.0] cm; P=.02) independent of their age, sex, treatment, and education level.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of the web platform was effective for improving glycemic and anthropometric parameters in a population at risk of developing diabetes. Improving accessibility and ease of navigation could improve the acceptance of digital health solutions in a middle-income population.
Differences in Basic Life Support Knowledge Between Junior Medical Students and Lay People: Web-Based Questionnaire Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sturny Ludovic , Regard Simon , Larribau Robert , Niquille Marc , Savoldelli Georges Louis , Sarasin François , Schiffer Eduardo , Suppan Laurent
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation and prompt defibrillation markedly increase the survival rate in the event of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). As future health care professionals, medical students should be trained to efficiently manage an unexpectedly encountered OHCA.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim was to assess basic life support (BLS) knowledge in junior medical students at the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine (UGFM) and to compare it with that of the general population.

METHODS

Junior UGFM students and lay people who had registered for BLS classes given by a Red Cross–affiliated center were sent invitation links to complete a web-based questionnaire. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in a 10-question score regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge. Secondary outcomes were the differences in the rate of correct answers for each individual question, the level of self-assessed confidence in the ability to perform resuscitation, and a 6-question score, “essential BLS knowledge,” which only contains key elements of the chain of survival. Continuous variables were first analyzed using the Student t test, then by multivariable linear regression. Fisher exact test was used for between-groups comparison of binary variables.

RESULTS

The mean score was higher in medical students than in lay people for both the 10-question score (mean 5.8, SD 1.7 vs mean 4.2, SD 1.7; P<.001) and 6-question score (mean 3.0, SD 1.1 vs mean 2.0, SD 1.0; P<.001). Participants who were younger or already trained scored consistently better. Although the phone number of the emergency medical dispatch center was well known in both groups (medical students, 75/80, 94% vs lay people, 51/62, 82%; P=.06), most participants were unable to identify the criteria used to recognize OHCA, and almost none were able to correctly reorganize the BLS sequence. Medical students felt more confident than lay people in their ability to perform resuscitation (mean 4.7, SD 2.2 vs mean 3.1, SD 2.1; P<.001). Female gender and older age were associated with lower confidence, while participants who had already attended a BLS course prior to taking the questionnaire felt more confident.

CONCLUSIONS

Although junior medical students were more knowledgeable than lay people regarding BLS procedures, the proportion of correct answers was low in both groups, and changes in BLS education policy should be considered.
mHealth Interventions for Self-Harm: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Cliffe Bethany , Tingley Jessica , Greenhalgh Isobel , Stallard Paul
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Self-harm is a growing issue with increasing prevalence rates; however, individuals who self-harm do not often receive treatment. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions are a possible solution to some of the barriers that individuals face when seeking support, and they have also been found to be effective in improving mental health. Thus far, reviews of mHealth interventions for self-harm have been limited by study type. Therefore, we determined that a broader scoping review will provide a more exhaustive understanding of mHealth interventions for self-harm.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review aims to identify mHealth interventions for self-harm within the literature, understand the types and features of interventions that have been developed and evaluated, highlight research findings around mHealth interventions for self-harm, and determine what outcomes are typically used to assess the efficacy of interventions.

METHODS

A search was conducted using Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycEXTRA, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Studies were included if they described an mHealth intervention designed to have a direct (ie, if the intervention was designed for self-harm or for people who self-harm) or indirect (ie, if self-harm was measured as an outcome) treatment effect and if the paper was available in English. There were no exclusion criteria based on the study design.

RESULTS

A total of 36 papers were included in the review, and most of them were randomized controlled trials published within the last 4 years. The interventions were mostly smartphone apps and calling or texting services, with 62% (21/34) having underlying therapeutic models to inform the intervention content. They were generally shown to be promising and appealing, but only 5 were widely available for use. Outcomes focused on a reduction of self-harm and suicidality, mood, and the users’ experiences of the intervention. Samples were typically nondiverse, and there was limited variety in the study designs and in the measurements of self-harm recovery.

CONCLUSIONS

Promising and appealing mHealth interventions have been developed but are not widely available. Research could benefit from greater diversity as well as a broader and more nuanced understanding of recovery from self-harm.

CLINICALTRIAL
Interoperable Platform to Report Polymerase Chain Reaction SARS-CoV-2 Tests From Laboratories to the Chilean Government: Development and Implementation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Guinez-Molinos Sergio , Andrade José María , Medina Negrete Alejandro , Espinoza Vidal Sonia , Rios Elvis
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Testing, traceability, and isolation actions are a central strategy defined by the World Health Organization to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. In this sense, the countries have had difficulties in counting the number of people infected with SARS-CoV-2. Errors in reporting results are a common factor, as well as the lack of interoperability between laboratories and governments. Approaches aimed at sending spreadsheets via email expose patients’ privacy and have increased the probability of errors due to retyping, which generates a delay in the notification of results.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to design and develop an interoperable platform to report polymerase chain reaction (PCR) SARS-CoV-2 tests from laboratories to the Chilean government.

METHODS

The methodology to design and develop the interoperable platform was comprised of six well-structured stages: (1) creation of a minimum data set for PCR SARS-CoV-2 tests, (2) modeling processes and end points where institutions interchange information, (3) standards and interoperability design, (4) software development, (5) software testing, and (6) software implementation.

RESULTS

The interoperable Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) platform to report PCR SARS-CoV-2 tests from laboratories to the Chilean government was successfully implemented. The platform was designed, developed, tested, and implemented following a structured methodology. The platform’s performance to 1000 requests resulted in a response time of 240 milliseconds, throughput of 28.3 requests per second, and process management time of 131 milliseconds. The security was assured through a private network exclusive to the Ministry of Health to ensure confidentiality and integrity. The authorization and authentication of laboratories were implemented with a JavaScript Object Notation Web Token. All the PCR SARS-CoV-2 tests were accessible through an application programming interface gateway with valid credentials and the right access control list.

CONCLUSIONS

The platform was implemented and is currently being used by UC Christus Laboratory. The platform is secure. It was tested adequately for confidentiality, secure authorization, authentication, and message integrity. This platform simplifies the reporting of PCR SARS-CoV-2 tests and reduces the time and probability of mistakes in counting positive cases. The interoperable solution with FHIR is working successfully and is open for the community, laboratories, and any institution that needs to report PCR SARS-CoV-2 tests.
Machine Learning–Based Early Warning Systems for Clinical Deterioration: Systematic Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Muralitharan Sankavi , Nelson Walter , Di Shuang , McGillion Michael , Devereaux PJ , Barr Neil Grant , Petch Jeremy
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Timely identification of patients at a high risk of clinical deterioration is key to prioritizing care, allocating resources effectively, and preventing adverse outcomes. Vital signs–based, aggregate-weighted early warning systems are commonly used to predict the risk of outcomes related to cardiorespiratory instability and sepsis, which are strong predictors of poor outcomes and mortality. Machine learning models, which can incorporate trends and capture relationships among parameters that aggregate-weighted models cannot, have recently been showing promising results.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify, summarize, and evaluate the available research, current state of utility, and challenges with machine learning–based early warning systems using vital signs to predict the risk of physiological deterioration in acutely ill patients, across acute and ambulatory care settings.

METHODS

PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed, original studies with keywords related to “vital signs,” “clinical deterioration,” and “machine learning.” Included studies used patient vital signs along with demographics and described a machine learning model for predicting an outcome in acute and ambulatory care settings. Data were extracted following PRISMA, TRIPOD, and Cochrane Collaboration guidelines.

RESULTS

We identified 24 peer-reviewed studies from 417 articles for inclusion; 23 studies were retrospective, while 1 was prospective in nature. Care settings included general wards, intensive care units, emergency departments, step-down units, medical assessment units, postanesthetic wards, and home care. Machine learning models including logistic regression, tree-based methods, kernel-based methods, and neural networks were most commonly used to predict the risk of deterioration. The area under the curve for models ranged from 0.57 to 0.97.

CONCLUSIONS

In studies that compared performance, reported results suggest that machine learning–based early warning systems can achieve greater accuracy than aggregate-weighted early warning systems but several areas for further research were identified. While these models have the potential to provide clinical decision support, there is a need for standardized outcome measures to allow for rigorous evaluation of performance across models. Further research needs to address the interpretability of model outputs by clinicians, clinical efficacy of these systems through prospective study design, and their potential impact in different clinical settings.
The Effect of Distance Teaching on Academic Achievement in the Online Course of Introduction to Computers Science
Authors: Kuo Ying-Sheng
Published: October 2020

For distance teaching, if the teacher can obtain the predicted scores that students may obtain in the final exam at this time, the students whose predicted scores do not meet the standard can be found. Teachers can strengthen the teaching of this type of students in the teaching process, which will greatly improve the overall teaching efficiency of teachers. The target of this research is the students of the course of the “Introduction to Computers Science” at Open University of Kaohsiung. This course is a distance teaching based on online teaching, and the questionnaire and final test are also completed on line. A total of 95 students filled out the questionnaire online, accounting for 77.24% of the electives. This study aims to assess the measurement of students’ pre-learning computer experience, software operation ability, learning motivation, and computer attitude, and analyze their relationship with the performance of subsequent distance teaching on the course of the “Introduction to Computers Science”, and find a multiple regression model to predict student performance. It was found that a multiple linear regression model combining 7 independent variables was statistically significantly related to the final test scores.
Сквозные технологии: изменение структуры традиционной промышленности
Authors: Истомина Н.Л.
Published: October 2020

В России формируется система мер поддержки проектов по цифровому преобразованию приоритетных отраслей промышленности. Это требует перестройки в структуре информационного обеспечения предприятий и изменения базовых методов управления производством. Представлен краткий обзор центральных вопросов, обсуждаемых на совещании по диверсификации предприятий ОПК.
Вопросы измерения влагосодержания в приземном слое атмосферы с использованием внешнего излучателя и фотометра с LED излучателями в режиме фотодетектора
Authors: Маммадова У.Ф.
Published: October 2020

Сформулирована и решена задача измерения влагосодержания в приземном слое атмосферы с использованием внешнего излучателя и LED‑фотометра. Отмечено, что отсутствие во многих зонах планеты автоматизированных станций измерения влагосодержания воздуха международной сети AERONET диктует необходимость разработки и использования простых солнечных фотометров. Приборы измерения влагосодержания в приземном слое атмосферы могут быть построены на базе двух LED‑светоизлучателей, работающих в режиме узкоспектральных фотоприемников. Сформулирована и решена задача определения оптимальной зависимости внешней термальной радиации от длины волны, при которой величина атмосферного пропускания в приземной атмосфере достигает максимума. Получено выражение для определения оптимальной температуры внешнего излучателя.
Inter-relações no cuidado com as plantas medicinais – “vem de berço”
Authors: Almeida Camila , Vaz Ribeiro Márcia , Kaster Portelinha Márcia , Griebeler Oliveira Stefanie , Barbieri Rosa Lía
Published: October 2020

O trabalho teve como objetivo descrever as inter-relações de pessoas que realizam o cuidado em saúde com plantas medicinais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva e etnobotânica que utilizou a Teoria Sistêmica como referencial teórico. Foram entrevistadas seis pessoas referência no cuidado em saúde com plantas medicinais no primeiro semestre de 2018. Os dados foram organizados pelo programa WebQDA qualitative data analysis e foi realizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. São apresentados resultados relacionados a origem do saber sobre o cuidado com plantas medicinais e também acerca da inter-relação social como forma de transmissão de conhecimento. O saber é adquirido na família, por cursos ou, é entendido como um dom. Os informantes transmitem seus saberes em diferentes contextos sociais conforme a disposição de suas inter-relações. Conclui-se que diferentes inter-relações individual, social e ambiental originam diferentes formas de cuidado em saúde com plantas medicinais e seus saberes associados.
La participación de la pareja masculina en el embarazo, parto y posparto: percepciones del equipo de salud en Bogotá
Authors: Lafaurie-Villamil María Mercedes , Valbuena-Mojica Yeimy
Published: October 2020

Introducción: El acompañamiento de la pareja a la gestante obedece a los principios del parto humanizado. Objetivo: Describir la percepción del equipo de salud sobre la participación de la pareja masculina en el embarazo, parto y postparto. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo basado en tres grupos focales, un conversatorio y seis entrevistas a profundidad. Participaron 49 miembros del equipo de salud (médicos, enfermeras, internos de medicina y auxiliares de enfermería). Se realizó un análisis temático con apoyo del software Atlas ti 8. Resultados: Hay una percepción positiva sobre la inclusión de la pareja en el proceso reproductivo, especialmente como apoyo emocional a la gestante. Como limitaciones se destacan barreras culturales asociadas al género en que los hombres son excluidos de los procesos reproductivos y barreras de acceso relacionadas con la infraestructura y ciertos protocolos institucionales. Las mujeres con frecuencia asumen a solas la gestación y parto; los hombres no se sienten apropiados de su papel y temen hacer parte del proceso; hay reticencia en algunos profesionales de salud. Como alternativas se propone: generar cambios culturales e institucionales que incluyan a los hombres en la salud reproductiva, adecuar espacios y recursos, fortalecer procesos de sensibilización al personal de salud y mejorar la información y preparación de los usuarios. Conclusiones: Se requiere una apertura a las nuevas masculinidades en los ámbitos reproductivos, eliminar barreras de acceso que persisten y diseñar estrategias innovadoras de acogida y educación a los hombres basadas en sus necesidades particulares.
Environmentally Induced Entanglement – Anomalous Behavior in the Adiabatic Regime
Authors: Hartmann Richard , Strunz Walter T.
Published: October 2020

Considering two non-interacting qubits in the context of open quantum systems, it is well known that their common environment may act as an entangling agent. In a perturbative regime the influence of the environment on the system dynamics can effectively be described by a unitary and a dissipative contribution. For the two-spin Boson model with (sub-) Ohmic spectral density considered here, the particular unitary contribution (Lamb shift) easily explains the buildup of entanglement between the two qubits. Furthermore it has been argued that in the adiabatic limit, adding the so-called counterterm to the microscopic model compensates the unitary influence of the environment and, thus, inhibits the generation of entanglement. Investigating this assertion is one of the main objectives of the work presented here. Using the hierarchy of pure states (HOPS) method to numerically calculate the exact reduced dynamics, we find and explain that the degree of inhibition crucially depends on the parameter s determining the low frequency power law behavior of the spectral density J(ω)∼ωse−ω/ωc. Remarkably, we find that for resonant qubits, even in the adiabatic regime (arbitrarily large ωc), the entanglement dynamics is still influenced by an environmentally induced Hamiltonian interaction. Further, we study the model in detail and present the exact entanglement dynamics for a wide range of coupling strengths, distinguish between resonant and detuned qubits, as well as Ohmic and deep sub-Ohmic environments. Notably, we find that in all cases the asymptotic entanglement does not vanish and conjecture a linear relation between the coupling strength and the asymptotic entanglement measured by means of concurrence. Further we discuss the suitability of various perturbative master equations for obtaining approximate entanglement dynamics.
Transforming graph states to Bell-pairs is NP-Complete
Authors: Dahlberg Axel , Helsen Jonas , Wehner Stephanie
Published: October 2020

Critical to the construction of large scale quantum networks, i.e. a quantum internet, is the development of fast algorithms for managing entanglement present in the network. One fundamental building block for a quantum internet is the distribution of Bell pairs between distant nodes in the network. Here we focus on the problem of transforming multipartite entangled states into the tensor product of bipartite Bell pairs between specific nodes using only a certain class of local operations and classical communication. In particular we study the problem of deciding whether a given graph state, and in general a stabilizer state, can be transformed into a set of Bell pairs on specific vertices using only single-qubit Clifford operations, single-qubit Pauli measurements and classical communication. We prove that this problem is NP-Complete.
The Impact of Regionalization on Eurasian Integration: Economic and Political Factors
Authors: Shatila K. , Alozian M.
Published: October 2020

This article discusses the legal aspects of regional integration processes in Eurasia. It argues that these processes are driven by both political and economic factors, which in particular include the desire on the international stage of a number of post-Soviet nations for regional peace and security as well as to create a greater and more effective economic system. It is often claimed that in the sense of two different yet strongly linked international organizations - with the same similar composition - the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) and the EurAsEC, officially turning into the Eurasian Economic Union, unitedited Eurasia is hierarchical. The article then provides the history to CSTO and EurAsEC and discusses how they are to be combined. It also discusses the structural structure of these relationships and describes their goals, values, and main collaboration zones. Finally, the paper contains closing remarks aimed at highlighting problems and assessing opportunities for incorporation processes in Eurasia.
Partnership of State and Business in Transcaucasia: History and Current Trends
Authors: Kuklina E. A. , Kuleshov V. S.
Published: October 2020

The article aims to present generally the dynamics of political and economic systems on the territory of Transcaucasia in the period from the second millennium BC to the present. This dynamics is seen as reflecting the historical experience of the Transcaucasian societies, whih is successively preserved at the present time. Institutional aspects are studied of public-private partnership projects currently being implemented by the South-Caucasian member states of the Eastern Partnership integration association.
EastPack: financing future growth opportunities
Authors: Garnevska Elena , Sixpence Farai , Rolleston Whetu
Published: October 2020

EastPack was a New Zealand cooperative providing post-harvest services for its kiwifruit and avocado growers. EastPack was New Zealand’s largest kiwifruit postharvest company with a packing capacity of more than 40 million trays
1
of kiwifruit. It was forecasted that New Zealand kiwifruit volumes would increase by about 50% by 2025. While this was great news for the growers and Zespri – the marketer, it presented a challenge to post-harvest operators like EastPack since they would need to increase their capacity in order to cope with this growth. EastPack needed to develop strategies to manage the strong kiwifruit growth prospects, fund capacity expansion and ensure its growers remained at the heart of their growth.
Nonlinear feedback controller for the synchronization of (chaotic) systems with known parameters
Authors: Haris Muhammad , Shafiq Muhammad , Ibrahim Adyda , Misiran Masnita
Published: October 2020

This paper proposes, designs, and analyses a novel nonlinear feedback controller that realizes fast, and oscillation free convergence of the synchronization error to the equilibrium point. Oscillation free convergence lowers the failure chances of a closed-loop system due to the reduced chattering phenomenon in the actuator motion, which is a consequence of low energy sm ooth control signal. The proposed controller has a novel structure. This controller does not cancel nonlinear terms of the plant in the closed-loop; this attribute improves the robustness of the loop. The controller consists of linear and nonlinear parts; each part executes a specific task. The linear term in the controller keeps the closed-loop stable, while the nonlinear part of the controller facilitates the fast convergence of the error signal to the vicinity of the origin. Then the linear controller synthesizes a smooth control signal that moves the error signals to zero without oscillations. The nonlinear term of the controller does not contribute to this synthesis. The collaborative combination of linear and nonlinear controllers that drive the synchronization errors to zero is innovative. The paper establishes proof of global stability and convergence behavior by describing a detailed analysis based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Computer simulation results of two numerical examples verify the performance of the proposed controller approach. The paper also provides a comparative study with state-of-the-art controllers.
Ideal theory of BCK/BCI-algebras based on hybrid structures
Authors: Muhiuddin G. , Al-Kadi D. , Mahboob Ahsan
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the concept of hybrid ideals in BCK/BCI-algebras is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Further, it is proved that every hybrid ideal is hybrid sub-algebra in BCK/BCI-algebras, but the converse is not valid in general, and an example is provided in this regard. Some characterizations of hybrid ideals in BCK/BCI-algebras are given. Moreover, the notion of hybrid closed ideals in BCI-algebras is introduced, and some associated properties are studied. Furthermore, the hybrid intersection and hybrid union are also discussed.
DAS GREVES DE 1978 À BOLSONARIZAÇÃO DO BRASIL
Authors: Leal Pereira Neto Murilo
Published: October 2020

A fim de compreender a “bolsonarização do Brasil”, o presente artigo analisa três momentos históricos: as greves metalúrgicas de 1978-1980, a formação do Partido dos Trabalhadores, ligada a essas lutas e a sua atuação nas eleições de 1982, e a derrota eleitoral de Fernando Haddad nas eleições municipais de 2016. O fio condutor é a formação e o enfraquecimento de uma coalizão operária e popular como sujeito democrático. Conclui-se que sua reconstrução é condição para revigoramento da democracia.[1] Como método, o artigo adota a orientação progressiva/regressiva de Henri Lefebvre: partir do problema percebido no presente, estabelecer seu estatuto teórico, investigar sua gênese em um ponto determinado do passado, reconstruir sua historicidade e retornar ao presente compreendendo-o melhor.

Palavras-chave: Greves metalúrgicas. Democracia. Partido dos Trabalhadores. Eleições.

 

[1] Agradeço a José Francisco de Oliveira Mattos pela colaboração técnica e intelectual na revisão deste artigo.
MEMÓRIAS CRUZADAS DE MOVIMENTOS ESPECÍFICOS
Authors: Leite Lopes José Sergio , Matos Pereira José Carlos , Carriço Antonio , Starosky Míriam
Published: October 2020

O artigo propõe uma comparação entre práticas de lutas por direitos exercidas por trabalhadores urbanos e trabalhadores rurais através do estudo dos ciclos de greves que ocorreram entre metalúrgicos da área metropolitana de São Paulo e canavieiros de Pernambuco, nos dois últimos anos da década de 70 e nos anos 80 do século passado. O texto centra mais especificamente sua análise no processo de acumulação de forças durante a ditadura, no período anterior aos ciclos de greves.

 

Palavras-chave: Práticas sindicais. Metalúrgicos. Canavieiros. Ciclos de greves.