bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why Assessment Which Carries No Grades and Marks is the Key for the Future of Education?
Authors: Ibrahim Mohd Salami , Yusof Muhamad Saiful Bahri , Abdul Rahim Ahmad Fuad
Published: July 2021

Formative assessments are commonly being mixed up with summative assessments which provide feedback. The ambiguity leads to a loss of distinction between the two. This blending is in direct contrast to the best practice of education, which advocates clarity of formative and summative function as a precursor to a quality assessment. In this commentary, we emphasise the non-credit bearing as the discriminatory feature, which illuminates the formative purpose of an assessment. We begin by revisiting the history from the time of the founding scholars who conceptualised formative and summative ideas. Subsequently, we compare it with the contemporary practice of assessment. Then we elucidate the philosophical underpinning of formative assessment and how the future of education relies on education, which move away from a pure exam-oriented focus of the curriculum. Finally, we relate the revolutionary concept of formative assessment with personalised education as the key curriculum design of tomorrow’s education.
Effects of Playing Angklung and Practicing Silence on Emotion, Cognition and Oxytocin Levels in Children: A Preliminary Study
Authors: M Maramis Margarita , Setiawati Yunias , Febriyanti Nining , Fitriah Munawaroh , Atika Atika , Salim Rasyid , Kristianto Budi , Sumiati Nyoman , Pradanita Vista Nurasti , Citra Dewi Elisabet , Gautama Sheila Maryam , Nugroho MY Safira , Pantouw Jakobus Gerick
Published: July 2021

Background: Playing angklung, an Indonesian traditional musical instrument and practicing silence have been shown to exert beneficial effects on emotion and cognition; the mechanism of such an effect possibly involve oxytocin. To date, only a few clinical and biomolecular studies have investigated the effects of playing angklung and practicing silence. This study aimed to examine the effects of playing angklung and practicing silence on human emotion and cognition and on oxytocin levels.
Methods: This experimental study involved 61 Fourth Grade students from Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The participants were divided into two groups: the angklung intervention group and silence intervention group. The two interventions were performed for 15 min before the morning classes for 2 months. The control group attended their classes as usual. Clinical parameters, namely, emotion and cognition, as well as the saliva oxytocin levels were measured.
Results: No significant differences were observed among the three groups in terms of concentration and cognitive flexibility. However, changes in oxytocin levels significantly differed among the three groups (P < 0.001) and the oxytocin levels were highest in the silence intervention group.
Conclusion: Practicing silence significantly increased the oxytocin levels, but it did not elicit changes in cognitive function and emotion of the students.
Analysis of Available Nutrition Recommendations to Combat COVID-19: A Scoping Review
Authors: Che Abdul Rahim Norsyamlina , Manjit Singh Jayvikramjit Singh , Pardi Munawara , Zainuddin Ahmad Ali , Salleh Ruhaya
Published: July 2021

The current COVID-19 pandemic remains severe. There is no doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting every aspect of our lives. Currently, the spread of inaccurate information or fake news on the internet to the public is causing the community to panic. Thus, this study aims to obtain available information on food and nutrition related to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 from various sources. A scoping review framework was used to chart the evidence on nutritional recommendations to prevent COVID-19 based on the preferred method in reporting systematic review and meta-analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The articles were categorised into three main groups: i) general dietary recommendations; ii) supplementation with specific micronutrients and iii) their mixtures and supplementation with traditional herbs and miscellaneous foods. A total of 60 articles met the inclusion criteria and were used in the review. This scoping review demonstrates that there is no miracle cure, food or supplement that can cure or prevent COVID-19. Currently, there is no confirmed treatment or vaccine for the disease. Practicing healthy eating habits is the best nutritional recommendation during the pandemic. Hence, this review hopefully will provide evidence-based nutrition recommendations that are available for current COVID-19 treatment. We hope that the authorities can inform the public and media to stop the spread of nutrition pseudoscience in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Fascioliasis in Kelantan, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ahmad-Najib Mohamad , Wan-Nor-Amilah Wan Abdul Wahab , Wong Weng Kin , Arizam Muhammad Faez , Noor-Izani Noor Jamil
Published: July 2021

Bovine fascioliasis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease that causes significant economic losses to the livestock industry. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of bovine fascioliasis in Kelantan. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 308 stool and blood samples of farmed cattle were collected from December 2017 to June 2018. The stool samples were examined microscopically for the presence of Fasciola spp. eggs following a formalin-ether sedimentation process. The blood samples were subjected to a commercial ELISA kit (Bio-X-Diagnostic, Rochefort, Belgium) for the detection of anti-Fasciola IgG antibody. The association between coprological findings and risk factors was determined using Pearson’s chi-square (χ2). The coproprevalence and seroprevalence of bovine fascioliasis was 14.6% and 37.3%, respectively. There were significant (P < 0.05) associations between the risk of infections and the sex, type of feedings, anthelmintic treatment and farm hygiene. Female cattle (OR: 3.104; 95% CI: 1.265, 7.615), feeding by grazing (OR: 4.458; 95% CI: 1.823, 10.90), untreated cattle (OR: 3.833; 95% CI: 1.620, 9.071), non-schedule anthelminthic treatment (OR: 3.927; 95% CI: 1.685, 9.152) and farm that have never been cleaned (OR: 2.829; 95% CI: 1.428, 5.608) showed higher odds of Fasciola spp. infection. These findings suggested bovine fascioliasis is a serious veterinary disease in Kelantan. Thus, appropriate control, prevention and monitoring strategies of this parasitic infection are urgently needed to reduce the burden of the disease.
Further Insights into Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE): The Current Status of Seroprevalence Among Small Ruminants in Two Selected States of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Paul Bura Thlama , Hashi Hamza Abdirahman , Burhannuddin Nurul Najwa , Lim Teik Chung, Eric , Jesse Faez Firdaus Abdullah , Mohd Lila Mohd Azmi , Haron Abd Wahid , Che Amat Azlan , Abba Yusuf , Maqbool Arsalan , Bhutto Khaleeq ur Rehman , Mat Isa Kamarulrizal , Amira Nur Azhar , Odhah Mohammad Naji , Hambali Idris Umar , Norsidin Mohd Jefri
Published: July 2021

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a member of the genus lentivirus causing caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE), a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the lungs, joints, udder and central nervous system of small ruminants such as sheep and goats. CAE is distributed worldwide and is recognised as a significant cause of morbidity and decreased milk production in dairy goats. Earlier studies highlighted the clinicopathological features and supplied preliminary serological evidence for the existence of CAE among selected goat herds in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to provide further insights into the seroprevalence and contributing factors of CAE among sheep and goat herds in two states of Peninsular Malaysia. The blood samples and biodata were randomly collected from a total of 262 individual sheep (40) and goat (222) in seven smallholder farms. Blood sera were tested for specific anti-CAEV antibodies using Qayee-Bio CAEV sandwich-ELISA test kits according to standard procedures. Our results of the study revealed 21.4% (95% CI: 15.8–28.6) apparent and 20.6% (95% CI: 14.5–27.8) true seroprevalence with significant differences (p < 0.05) in seroconversion rates between the states, farms, production systems and breeds of small ruminants. The prevalence of CAE in the Malaysian Peninsular is a potential threat to the small ruminant industry and developing agricultural economy. Further studies are required to determine the genetic characteristics, distribution and risk factors of CAEV for effective prevention and control in Malaysia.
The Second Skin of Seagrass Leaves: A Comparison of Microalgae Epiphytic Communities Between Two Different Species Across Two Seagrass Meadows in Lesser Sunda Islands
Authors: Atmaja Putu Satya Pratama , Bengen Dietriech G. , Madduppa Hawis H.
Published: July 2021

Epiphytes as the important features in the seagrass ecosystems have been studied
widely, and their functions as a primary producer, influence rates of herbivory grazer, and prevent seagrass leaf from desiccation is well known. However, patterns and distribution among seagrasses especially in Indonesia, which was known as hotspot marine biodiversity is not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to examined epiphytic assemblages on two seagrass species with different morphological and longevity, Enhalus acoroides and Cymodocea rotundata, in two different meadows (conservation area and non-conservation area) in Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali and Lombok). A total of 22 taxa of microalgae epiphytes species were identified from eight sites and 2 different species of seagrass. The highest number of collected species between class was from Bacillariophyceae (18), followed by Cyanophyceae (3) and Fragilariophyceae (1). Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) revealed a significant difference of microalgae epiphytes assemblages between sites and seagrasses. Epiphytes assemblages in conservation area were more abundant than non-conservation area, both in Bali and Lombok. On seagrass comparison, Enhalus acoroides showed higher abundance of epiphytes assemblages than those on Cymodocea rotundata. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), this study highlights the microalgae epiphytic communities strongly influenced by seawater temperature, phosphate’s concentration, and pH in sediment. This study also demonstrated that the assemblages of microalgae epiphytic communities affected by differences of seagrass morphological and longevity.
Growth of Marine Microalgae in Landfill Leachate and Their Ability as
Pollutants Removal
Authors: Shaari Asma Liyana , Che Sa Siti Norsyuhaila , Surif Misni , Zolkarnain Noorazah , Ghazali Razmah
Published: July 2021

Leachate from landfill contains concentrated nutrients that may enter the terrestrial and aquatic environment, including nearby coastal areas. The nutrient contaminants eventually bring harm to marine organisms, including microalgae. This study was performed to investigate the growth of two green microalgal species, i.e. Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. in diluted landfill leachate. Besides, the ability of nutrient removal by these microalgal was also explored from the changes of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nutrients content. The initial and final concentrations of COD, NH3-N, and PO43- in the diluted leachate (5%, 10% and 15%) were measured and the growth patterns of these species were determined by counting the cell numbers for 12 days. Comparison of these microalgae showed that the growth rate of Nannochloropsis was significantly higher compared to Chlorella in all leachate concentrations. Leachate at 5% enhanced the growth of both microalgae, while leachates at 10% and 15% decreased their growth as early as at the beginning of the test. It is apparent that the less concentrated leachate discharged into seawater would not pose any toxicity to the environment and would not bear adverse effect to microalgae yet could promote their growth. This study also revealed that the microalgae could remediate leachate pollution by its ability of nutrient removal; thus, leading to the potential application in wastewater bioremediation, including industrial waste and palm oil mill effluent.
Mass transfer associated with chloritization in the hydrothermal alteration process of granitic pluton
Authors: Yuguchi Takashi , Matsuki Takanobu , Izumino Yuya , Sasao Eiji , Nishiyama Tadao
Published: July 2021

This study, along with our previous studies (Yuguchi et al. 2015, 2019a), reveals the hydrothermal alteration processes in a pluton, with a focus on the mass transfer between minerals and hydrothermal fluid. It also depicts the sequential variations in fluid chemistry as alteration progresses. Hydrothermal alteration of the Toki granite in Tono, Japan—the study area of this research—progressed through the successive processes of chloritization, plagioclase alteration, and precipitation of a carbonate. This paper describes the alteration processes of hornblende chloritization, K-feldspar chloritization, and the formation of fracture-filling chlorite through petrography and mineral chemistry. A set of singular value decomposition analyses was conducted to obtain reaction equations for the chloritization processes, which facilitates the quantitative assessment of mass transfer between the reactant and product minerals, and the inflow and outflow of components through the hydrothermal fluid. Several types of chloritization reactions (including biotite chloritization) can be characterized by their reaction with the inflow of Al3+, Fe2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+ and the outflow of H4SiO4, Ca2+, K+, and F–.

The age and thermal conditions of hornblende chloritization (64–54 Ma and 330–190 °C), K-feldspar chloritization (68–53 Ma and 350–210 °C), and precipitation of fracture-filling chlorite (66 and 63 Ma, 340 and 320 °C) overlap with those of biotite chloritization (68–51 Ma and 350–180 °C). The chloritization reactions (this study and Yuguchi et al. 2015) and plagioclase alteration (Yuguchi et al. 2019a) represent sequential variations in fluid chemistry at temporal conditions from 68 to 51 Ma as the temperature decreased from 350 to 180 °C. As the alteration proceeds, the concentrations of aluminum, iron, manganese, and magnesium ions in the hydrothermal fluid decrease gradually, and those of calcium, hydrogen, and fluorine ions increase gradually.

Hornblende chloritization is associated with formation of magnetite and ilmenite. The thermal conditions of the hydrothermal fluid yielding the formation of magnetite and ilmenite can be interpreted by the chemical characteristics of chlorite around their associated minerals. The formation temperature of magnetite was higher than that of ilmenite, implying a decrease in oxygen fugacity in the hydrothermal fluid with the decrease in temperature from 280–310 to 220–250 °C.
Nitscheite, (NH4)2[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)2]·3H2O, a new mineral with an unusual uranyl-sulfate sheet
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Olds Travis A. , Plášil Jakub , Nash Barbara P. , Marty Joe
Published: July 2021

Nitscheite (IMA2020-078), (NH4)2[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)2]·3H2O, is a new mineral species from the Green Lizard mine, Red Canyon, San Juan County, Utah, U.S.A. It is a secondary phase found in association with chinleite-(Y), gypsum, pyrite, and Co-rich rietveldite. Nitscheite occurs in subparallel and divergent intergrowths of yellow prisms, up to about 0.3 mm in length. Crystals are elongated on [101] and exhibit the forms {100}, {010}, {001}, and {111}. The mineral is transparent with vitreous luster and very pale-yellow streak. It exhibits bright green fluorescence under a 405 nm laser. The Mohs hardness is ~2. The mineral has brittle tenacity, curved fracture, and one good cleavage on {010}. The measured density is 3.30(2) g·cm−3. The mineral is easily soluble in H2O at room temperature. The mineral is optically biaxial (–), α = 1.560(2), β = 1.582(2), γ = 1.583(2) (white light); 2Vmeas = 17(1)°; no dispersion; orientation X = b, Z ≈ [101]; pleochroism X colorless, Y and Z yellow; X < Y ≈ Z. Electron microprobe analysis provided the empirical formula (NH4)1.99U2.00S3.00O21H10.01. Nitscheite is monoclinic, P21/n, a = 17.3982(4), b = 12.8552(3), c = 17.4054(12) Å, β = 96.649(7)°, V = 3866.7(3) Å3, and Z = 8. The structure (R1 = 0.0329 for 4547 I > 3σI reflections) contains [(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)2]2− uranyl-sulfate sheets, which are unique among minerals, with NH4 and H2O groups between the sheets.
Chemistry-dependent Raman spectral features of glauconite and nontronite: Implications for mineral identification and provenance analysis
Authors: Baumgartner Raphael J. , Cuadros Javier , Michalski Joseph , Pejcic Bobby , Laukamp Carsten , Hu Siyu , Bourdet Julien
Published: July 2021

This study provides a comprehensive Raman spectral characterization of nontronite and glauconitenontronite mixed-layer phases from seafloor hydrothermal fields. These 2:1 phyllosilicates, which show isomorphous cation exchange between Mg2++Fe2+ and Fe3++Al3+ in the dioctahedral sheets, exhibit three diagnostic Raman peaks in the low wavenumber region (v1 ~241–257 cm−1; v2 ~600–606 cm−1; v3 ~690 cm−1), and one peak at ~3548–3570 cm−1 (v4). With increasing (Mg2++Fe2+)oct, the presumed stretching band of octahedral OH-O bonds (v1) is displaced to a higher wavenumber, whereas the stretching band of tetrahedral Si-O-Si bonds (v2) is shifted to a lower wavenumber. Peak v4, which relates to O-H bonds of hydroxyls linked to octahedral cations, shows a downshift with increasing (Mg2++Fe2+)oct. The band v4 can be mathematically fitted by three bands, two of which strongly correlate with the cation occupancy in the octahedral sheets; i.e., vibrations of hydroxyls linked to triva-lent cations (Fe3+ and Al3+) are mainly represented by a band at ~3560–3573 cm−1, whereas divalent cations (Mg2+ and Fe2+) mainly contribute to a band at ~3538–3540 cm−1. This result is consistent with theoretical considerations for dioctahedral phyllosilicates, which predict for the incorporation of Mg2+ and Fe2+ a weakening/lengthening of O-H bonds in the OH groups, accounting for a downshift of the O-H vibrations. Hence, this is one of the first studies that trace how even subtle chemical modifications in phyllosilicates influence Raman spectral features. The reported findings have implications for mineral identification and provenance analysis, such as during surface exploration on Mars, where compositionally diverse phyllosilicates occur.
Alumino-oxy-rossmanite from pegmatites in Variscan metamorphic rocks from Eibenstein an der Thaya, Lower Austria, Austria: A new tourmaline that represents the most Al-rich end-member composition
Authors: Ertl Andreas , Hughes John M. , Prowatke Stefan , Ludwig Thomas , Lengauer Christian L. , Meyer Hans-Peter , Giester Gerald , Kolitsch Uwe , Prayer Albert
Published: July 2021

Alumino-oxy-rossmanite, ideally ☐Al3Al6(Si5AlO18)(BO3)3(OH)3O, is here described as a new member of the tourmaline supergroup. It is an early magmatic Al-rich oxy-tourmaline from a small pegmatitic body embedded in amphibolite and biotite-rich paragneiss. This new pink tourmaline was found in a Moldanubian pegmatite (of the Drosendorf Unit) that occurs in a large quarry near the village of Eibenstein an der Thaya, Waidhofen an der Thaya district, Lower Austria, Austria. The empirical formula of the holotype was determined on the basis of electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), spectroscopical methods (optical absorption and infrared spectroscopy), and crystal-structure refinement (SREF) as X(☐0.53Na0.46Ca0.01) Y(Al2.37Mn0.213+Li0.16☐0.14Mn0.072+Fe0.033+Fe0.012+Ti0.014+) ZAl6(Si5.37Al0.41B0.22O18)(BO3)3V[(OH)2.77O0.23] W[O0.80(OH)0.15F0.05]. Chemical composition (wt%) is: SiO2 33.96, TiO2 0.10, Al2O3 47.08, B2O3 11.77, FeO 0.08, Fe2O3 0.23, MnO 0.52, Mn2O3 1.70, CaO 0.04, Li2O 0.25, ZnO 0.03, Na2O 1.51, H2O 2.79, F 0.09, total 100.11. The presence of relatively high amounts of trivalent Mn in alumino-oxy-rossmanite is in agreement with the observation that the OH groups are present at a lower concentration than commonly found in other Al-rich and Li-bearing tourmalines. The crystal structure of alumino-oxy-rossmanite [space group R3m; a = 15.803(1), c = 7.088(1) Å; V = 1532.9(3) Å3] was refined to an R1(F) value of 1.68%. The eight strongest X-ray diffraction lines in the (calculated) powder pattern [d in Å (I) hkl] are: 2.5534 (100) 051, 3.9508 (85) 220, 2.9236 (78) 122, 4.1783 (61) 211, 2.4307 (55) 012, 2.0198 (39) 152, 1.8995 (30) 342, 6.294 (28) 101. The most common associated minerals are quartz, albite, microcline, and apatite. Beryl and, in places, schorl are also found as primary pegmatitic phases. Because of the low mode of associated mica (muscovite), we assume that the silica melt, which formed this pegmatite, crystallized under relatively dry conditions, in agreement with the observation that alumino-oxy-rossmanite contains a lower amount of OH than most other tourmalines. This new member of the tourmaline supergroup exhibits the most Al-rich end-member composition of the tourmaline supergroup (theoretical content: ~54 wt% Al2O3). The significant content of tetrahedrally coordinated Al could reflect the relatively high-temperature conditions (~700 °C) inferred for crystallization of the pegmatite.

Alumino-oxy-rossmanite was named for its chemical relationship to rossmanite, ☐(LiAl2)Al6(Si6O18) (BO3)3(OH)3(OH), which in turn was named after George R. Rossman, Professor of Mineralogy at the California Institute of Technology (Pasadena, California, U.S.A.).
Competencias digitales para la industria 4.0. Efectividad del proceso de virtualización de un laboratorio de Metrología en la carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica.
Authors: Garrido Garrido César , Garrido Rivera Andrea , Álvarez Mendoza Patricio , Vargas Tejeda Sergio
Published: July 2021

El escenario actual ha limitado fuertemente la realización de actividades presenciales, por lo que una parte significativa del quehacer docente ha sido  soportado en base a diversas Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), generando además  un espacio para explorar e innovar en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Bajo este contexto, en este trabajo se propone una innovación metodológica para la asignatura Metrología, que considera el uso de tecnologías virtuales para la realización de laboratorios de medición en reemplazo de los laboratorios presenciales. Para ello se diseñó e implementó una experiencia piloto con 22 estudiantes y se evaluó la efectividad del uso de herramientas virtuales. Para la evaluación se implementó una encuesta cuyos resultados mostraron que los estudiantes valoran positivamente el uso de instrumentos virtuales y el apoyo con plataformas educacionales para alcanzar los resultados de aprendizaje, pero manifiestan como desventaja los problemas de conectividad y la ausencia del contacto social con los profesores y demás estudiantes. Se espera que en un futuro las herramientas virtuales puedan ser incorporadas en forma definitiva en el programa de asignatura como un complemento de las actividades presenciales, y además puedan ser replicadas transversalmente en los planes de estudio de ingeniería.
Análisis categórico de materiales didácticos digitales en Educación Infantil
Authors: Becerra Brito Cecilia V. , Martín Gómez Sebastián , Bethencourt Aguilar Anabel
Published: July 2021

Tecnología Educativa que hoy están de actualidad tienen su origen tras una trayectoria de dotación de recursos, conectividad y planes de formación desde la década de los 80. El Portal EcoEscuela 2.0 es un ejemplo de esfuerzo en torno a habilitar un repositorio estructurado donde encontrar materiales educativos digitales diversos asociados a las distintas etapas y áreas del sistema educativo. Este trabajo se enmarca en el Proyecto de investigación titulado “Los materiales didácticos digitales en la Educación Infantil. Análisis y propuestas para su uso en la escuela y el hogar” (RTI2018-093397-B-100) financiado por la Agencia Estatal de Investigación del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. En este artículo realizamos un análisis descriptivo de veinticinco MDD, a través de una matriz de contenido con las siguientes categorías de análisis: dimensión tecnológica, dimensión de diseño, dimensión pedagógica, dimensión de contenido y por último, la evaluación y seguimiento. En cuanto a los resultados, se destaca la necesidad de mantener los recursos operativos y disponibles técnicamente, la relación coherente y adecuada del contenido y diseño a las características psicoevolutivas de la etapa de Educación Infantil, así como su tendencia conductista y repetitiva de las actividades que presentan estos MDD.
Critical Analysis on Tasawwuf Schools
Authors: Rozikin Mokhamad Rohma
Published: July 2021

As one of disciplines, Sufism has undergone the stages of scientific development. It is difficult to reach an agreement related to the classification of Sufism schools from the first time it appeared until today. However, by taking the characteristics of each thought into account, Sufism can be classified into several schools, namely Rajā 'wa khauf Sufism, Maḥabbah Sufism, Happy Sufism, Al-Ḥallāj Sufism, Al-Gazzālī Sufism, Philosophical Sufism, and Ibn Taimiyyah Sufism. Sufism that grew in the early days, in the first and second centuries of Hegira, such as Maḥabbah and Rajā' wa khauf Sufism, was in general undisputed because it was still far from the influence of foreign elements and had strong attachments to Al-Qur'an and Sunah. Sufism in the third and fourth centuries of Hijra, although from the scientific side is more established, systematic, and structured, the symptoms of conflict with Fiqh began to grow which reached its peak in the time of Al-Hallāj. Sufism in the fifth century, at the time of Al-Gazzālī, was the most beautiful period in the history of Sufism because Sufism and Fiqh could be integrated. Sufism in the next period began to had another conflict because of the influence of philosophy until the time of Ibn Taimiyyah who wanted to return Sufism to its origin. This paper conducted a literature review on the history of Sufism to capture the schools that have emerged since its inception. In the final section, a critical analysis of the Sufism schools was carried out and it was closed with a few ideas on how to eclectically adapt the results of this critical analysis for the Islamic Education learning.
Weberian Sociology and Portrait of Contemporary Sufism Studies
Authors: Riyadi Abdul Kadir
Published: July 2021

There is always a sense of desperation and pride when one speaks of Weberians sociology in the study of Islam. This paper is composed of that feeling dominating all along. Weber has been the major architect in modern sociology. But in his major works, Islam and only Islam among major world religions, has been left out. If he did pay attention to it, he did so with a sense of pessimism and apathy. But his little interest in Islam has nonetheless stimulated a lot of interest and sparked long debate. His so-called intellectual heirs continued his project and did a great deal of research in Islam. Unbalanced and unsympathetic this study might be, they have nonetheless contributed to the sociological study of Islam and certainly of Sufism. On the other side of the coin, his critiques are no less enthusiastic in their refutation of his major theses and their defense of the more objective study of Islam and Sufism. Hence, the academic debate between the Weberians and their opponents on the nature of Sufism is not yet ceasing and is even developing. This paper is aimed at looking at that debate. It is a kind of contribution to the Weberians sociological study of Sufism. It tries to display the richness of the sociological study in the spiritual dimension of Islam both by the Weberians and their adversaries.
Acousto-ultrasonic analysis of defects in composite specimens used in transportation domain
Authors: Spyrou Evangelos D. , Tsenis Theocharis , Kappatos Vassilios
Published: July 2021

Metal parts have recently been substituted with composite in the transport industry due to their characteristics, which include increased strength, stiffness and reduced weight. Acousto-ultrasonics is an inspection technique, which combines the acoustic emission methodology with ultrasonic simulation of stress waves to assess defect states in materials. Acousto-ultrasonics belong to the family of inspection tools, which emerge to identify and measure occurred damage or decay state of transportation modes and infrastructure. In this paper, we attempt to detect defects by performing initial experiments with composite specimens. Specifically, the attenuation of simulated acoustic emission events are measured aiming to further investigate the phenomenon of edge reflections from small composite specimens. Also, only two features from the signal can be used to detect two different types of faults. Finally, a new triangular–like larger specimen is introduced and assessed using the two sensors, in order to show the difference of the two aforementioned features when two different material and dimension specimens are used.
Lymphatic Transport of Lipid-Based Drug Delivery System
Authors: Verma Ravinder , Kaushik Deepak , Kumari Beena , Khatkar Anurag
Published: July 2021

The gastrointestinal tract is abundantly provided with both lymphatic and
blood vessels. In this way, material or drugs that are retained over the small intestinal
epithelial cells can conceivably go through either lymphatic or blood vessels. The
larger parts of drugs or compounds are transported into blood vessels because of a high
flow rate (500-overlay), greater than that of intestinal lymph. Lymphatic transport of
drugs will occur when the drug is profoundly lipophilic (log P >5) and demonstrates
high solubility in TGs (>50mg/ml). Type of lipid, co-administered lipid substance, and
level of unsaturation of lipid can alter the degree of lymphatic drug transportation.
Biopharmaceutical issues such as increment in the rate of disintegration and
dissolvability in the intestinal fluids, shieldthe drug from chemical and enzymatic
degradation in the oil globules. The development of lipoproteins favor lymphatic
transportation of highly hydrophobic drugs. The food impact is gathered throughout the
ongoing decades, and it depends on the various components emerging from physiology,
dosage form, and physicochemical features. The dietary lipids that occur in the food
also play a role as solubilizers for drugs and consequently experience the lipid
digestion by gastric and pancreatic lipases, similar to the mechanism depicted for LBFs
to create different micellar species. A variety of in vitro models can act as a substitute
to in vivo models for the investigation of lymphatic drug transport. In the intestinal
permeability model, caco-2 cells are utilized to estimate the intracellular lipoproteinlipid
assembly. Animal models are used to investigate the direct estimation of the drug
via lymphatic drug transport by cannulation of the intestinal lymphatic duct. Rat is
mainly used as an animal model, but other large animals such as dogs, pigs, and sheep
have also been reported. Most SMEDDS formulations have not been capable to come
into the sale due to lack of effective in vitro tests that are representative of authentic in
vivo behavior. Impact of lipidic excipients, the influence of self-emulsifying lipidbased
formulations on food effect, and reduction of food effect are discussed
thoroughly; these affect limited lymphatic assimilation. This chapter highlights the various lymphatic mechanisms that help in attaining improved bioavailability, various
factors, and various models used for the assessment of drug assimilation via the
lymphatic system.
Solid-SMEDDS: Techniques of Solidification and Recent Advancements
Authors: Verma Ravinder , Kaushik Deepak , Pandey Parijat , Jalwal Pawan
Published: July 2021

From the point of view of dosage forms, S-SEDDS represents the solid dose
formulation with self-emulsification features. The S-SEDDS becomes the focal point
when adding liquid or semisolid SE components into powders or nanoparticles through
various solidification strategies, such as adsorption to solid carriers, spray drying, spray
cooling, supercritical liquid-based technique, melt extrusion, nanoparticle technology,
etc. S-SMEDDS offers various benefits, such as diminishing the threat of interaction of
the SMEDDS ingredients with the shell of the capsule. Immediate or controlled-release
formulations can be formulated, relying upon the decision of the powder ingredient to
be incorporated in the formulation; SE granules or pellets diminish the rate of the
gastric emptying time and smooth entry in the gut, which generally leads to less threat
of dosage fluctuations. Various types of S-SMEDDS include SE solid dispersions, SE
tablets, SE enteric-coated dry emulsion, SE beads, SE sustained-release microspheres,
SE nanoparticles, SE mouth dissolving film, SE floating dosage form, positively
charged SMEDDS, self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system, supersaturatable
SMEDDS, and so on. While lecithin-linker SEFs, sponges carrying SMEDDS, herbal
SMEDDS and SE phospholipid suspension are novel S-SMEDDS. Different issues are
related to the solidification strategies, such as the quantity of solidifying ingredients,
the release rate of the drug, degradation of drug amid solidifying procedure, difficulty
in content uniformity, decrease in drug loading limit and the probability of remaining
solvents amid granulation and so on. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to
highlight the various methods for solidifying SMEDDS, their issues and types of Solid-
SMEDDS.
PERBANDINGAN INDEKS ERODIBILITAS TANAH YANG DITETAPKAN DENGAN METODE WISCHMEIER DAN RAINFALL SIMULATOR
Authors: Triyudanto Sena Rizki , Kusuma Zaenal , Nita Istika
Published: July 2021

Land use in the upstream area of the Brantas watershed, including that in Tawangsari village, Pujon District of Malang Regency, has undergone significant changes. The conversion of forest to moor, plantations, and settlements has resulted in decreased soil quality leading to soil degradation. The purpose of this research was aimed to compare the soil erodibility index determined by the rainfall simulator with Wischmeier methods. The results showed that there was a relationship between the results of the soil erodibility value using the Wischmeier method with land use and slopes based on the correlation and regression values caused by the physical properties of the soil. There were differences in soil erodibility index with the Wischmeier method and the Rainfall Simulator method, namely the average agroforestry results of 0.108 and 0.112 and an average of 0.152 and 0.147 moor. The use of the Wischmeier method is more recommended.
Patellofemoral contact during squat simulation on cadaveric knees
Authors: Van Haver Annemieke , Quintelier, Jan , Verdonk P. , Almqvist F. , De Beule M. , De Baets Patrick
Published: July 2021

The Ghent Knee Rig was built in 2006 for studying the biomechanical behavior of postmortem human knees. To validate this test rig the patellofemoral contact pressures and areas were investigated in 3 post-mortem knees tested under the same circumstances and compared to results in literature. To load the quadriceps, the vastus intermedius and rectus femoris were separated and clamped together. The pulling cable was aligned according to the shaft of the femur to keep the Qangle at physiological values. A pressure film was inserted in the patellofemoral joint to measure the patellofemoral contact area and pressure. The results follow the general accepted trends of patellofemoral contact during knee flexion and extension; when the patella enters the trochlear groove at approximately 20 degrees of knee flexion, the intra articular contact pressure and area start to build up and the contact area on the patella shifts from distal to proximal. Though working with cadaveric specimens remains a simulation of in vivo situations with well known limitations, the test rig shows a good repeatability and reliability. The next stage of this research project is a comparison of normal with pathological knees
Design to connect
Authors: Blueze Tore , De Baets Patrick , Detand J.
Published: July 2021

Design to Connect is a cooperation between Howest University, Industrial Design Center and GhentUniversity, Laboratory Soete. The aim of the research is to create a methodology to support (industrial)designers to design mechanical connections and joining methods considering mechanical and user centredfactors in the total product life. This paper gives a short overview of the most important existing methods,guidelines and tools to design and select mechanical connections. It also situate the research project andits potential added value for product designers to the existing methods. Finally a basic framework fordeveloping the new methodology is created: Design to Connect (D2C).
Height-independent topographic parameters of worn surfaces
Authors: Barányi I. , Czifra Á. , Kalácska Gabor
Published: July 2021

Surface microtopography plays a dual role in the course of friction and wear processes. It affectsthe contact and temperature conditions, and it undergoes significant changes in accordance with the wearmechanism. Fractal dimension (Df), root mean square gradient (Sdq), surface area ratio (Sdr) and surfacekurtosis (Sku) parameters of microtopographies provides opportunities for understanding more deeply thewear processes independently from the amplitude of the roughness. Wear experiments and surfaceroughness measurements before and after wear were performed. Investigations extended to wear in thecourse of the non-lubricated ferrodo-steel material pairs, and lubricated camshaft-bushing pairs.
Abrasive wear of different hot-dip galvanized multilayers
Authors: Szabadi L. , Kalácska G. , Pék L. , Pálinkás I.
Published: July 2021

More and more steel constructions are provided with zinc coatings as durable protection against corrosion.Hot-dip galvanizing process is widely used in Europe considering its favourable characteristics. Latelybeside the corrosion resistance demand of hot-dip galvanized coatings as a new requirement is theabrasive wear resistance. The industrial floor boards, agricultural walking grids get heavy abrasion effect.The abrasive wear resistance of zinc coatings with multilayer structure is not tested yet, less knowndomain.
A novelty design of a smart road for crowd prediction and prevention SRCPP
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hai’l, Hai’l, Saudi Arabia, Alshmmari Ahmed S.
Published: July 2021

The portable smart road is a mobile road that can be installed on roads that had crowd accidents in the past or roads with a high probability of crowd. The product is designed to predict the intended crowd based on sensors fixed at certain points along the road path. Once the sensor is activated, the Field Programmer Gate Array (FPGA) sends a signal to trigger motors to block the road from reverse movement and open emergency paths to evacuate pilgrims. At the same time, the FPGA sends a signal to a smart application (webpage and/or phone application to the organizers to take further actions). The apps which been installed previously in the organizer smartphones. The apps provide alarm, crowded area number, quick call, chat, and gate status.
Letramento literário crítico racial e políticas de leitura na educação infantil em Curitiba.
Authors: Silva Paulo Vinicius Baptista da
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo discutimos políticas de leitura na educação infantil em Curitiba a partir da compreensão das formas como a literatura infantil operam neste complexo contexto, propondo o conceito de literatura literária racial como forma de interpretação dos discursos literários dirigidos à infância e distribuídos e lidos em unidades de educação infantil de Curitiba. A proposta metodológica é de interpretação crítica sobre relações raciais. A análise do conjunto de dados da pesquisa nos permite a proposta de análise a partir dos conceitos discutidos por Aparecida Ferreira (2012; 2014a) de letramento racial e letramento crítico racial e sua integração com o campo de estudos sobre os letramentos literários, propormos para a análise do campo da educação das relações étnico-raciais o termo letramentos literários raciais, já que as políticas de leitura e de educação infantil, os acervos e os livros de literatura infantil ainda estão proporcionalmente estruturados por uma branquidade normatizadora, silenciam outras identidades que não as brancas e muitas vezes com formas de estereotipia e discriminação.
CONTROVÉRSIAS E BINARISMOS: CONCEPÇÕES DE PROFESSORAS SOBRE BRINCADEIRAS E GÊNERO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Correa Luciane Cristina , Graupe Mareli Eliane , Braganolo Regina Ingrid
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as concepções de gênero e de brincadeiras de professoras de Educação Infantil de uma cidade do interior do Sul do Brasil. O referencial teórico abarca autores(as) como: Butler (1990), Meirelles (2015), Campos e Barbosa (2015), Kishimoto (2008), Finco (2003) e Louro (2014). A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo e teve como registro metodológico entrevistas focalizadas com cinco docentes e observação participante passiva. Os dados apontam que o debate de gênero na Educação Infantil apresenta controvérsias e ambivalências, na concepção das professoras, ao tratar das brincadeiras e gênero na medida que fazem uso de uma ordem conceitual pautado nos binarismos: entre meninos e meninas, nos brinquedos e brincadeiras e nos modos de organização dos corpos nos espaços educativos.  Desse modo, a ampliação da produção de conhecimentos no campo de estudos de gênero e educação infantile é urgente e necessária.
Correction of Sunglint Effects in High Spatial Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery Using SWIR or NIR Bands and Taking Account of Spectral Variation of Refractive Index of Water
Authors:   Remote Sensing Division, Code 7232, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA, Gao Bo-Cai , Li Rong-Rong ,   Remote Sensing Division, Code 7234, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA
Published: July 2021

Passive high spatial resolution hyperspectral and multispectral imaging systems in the solar spectral region from aircraft and satellite platforms are being increasingly used for remote sensing of coastal waters and inland lakes. However, the remotely sensed data are often contaminated by the specular reflection of solar radiation at the air/water interface. Thus, the effects of sunglint need to be corrected. The purpose of sunglint correction is to remove the undesired specular reflected portion of radiance that does not carry any information about the water body and its bottom surface properties and to obtain the water-leaving radiance from the measured total radiance. In general, adequate treatment of the spectral variation of the sunglint effect with due consideration of the physics and the spectroscopy principles has not been done in previously reported hyperspectral sunglint removing techniques. In this study, a practical sunglint removing technique using either a shortwave infrared (SWIR) band or a near-infrared (NIR) band has been developed, where the liquid water absorption is sufficiently large, and the water-leaving radiance (in units of reflectance) is negligible. In the proposed method, proper consideration has been taken for the spectral Fresnel reflection in the wavelength range of 0.35–2.5 mm. Four cases of sunglint removal from hyperspectral imaging data acquired from two airborne imaging spectrometers have been presented.
Design and Implementation of a Laboratory Sucker Rod Pumping Unit Using Industry 4.0 Concepts
Authors:   Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, USA, Sharma Aditya , Bello Opeyemi ,   Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, USA, Teodoriu Catalin ,   Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, USA, Karami Hamidreza ,   Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, USA
Published: July 2021

The Industry 4.0 is here, and advanced technologies are widely available for domains such oil and gas which are traditionally slow in adopting extreme new technologies. This paper presents the design architecture and implementation of effective data acquisition (DAQ) and monitoring system applied to an experimental sucker rod pumping unit for both event occurrence and educational purpose using latest technological advancements and industry 4.0 principles. The designed framework allows control and monitoring of analog and digital sensors configured in a decentralized generation structure. This system controls the values of the sampling frequency, range of channels, the number of points to acquire and then retrieves the data acquired from the operation of a sucker rod pump setup. National Instruments LabVIEW was used for the solution architecture presented in this study data collection and diagnostic analysis. Some of the operational physical parameters analysed and monitored include pressure, fluid production rate, valve leakage, pump efficiency, vibrations and energy consumption. The proposed architecture can be built easily with very low energy consumption, high reliability, ample flexibility for quicker data retrieval and prospective future modifications.
A Program to Improve Digital Access and Literacy Among Community Stakeholders: Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Drazich Brittany F , Nyikadzino Yeukai , Gleason Kelly T
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

For many research teams, the role of community stakeholders is critical. However, community stakeholders, especially those in low-income settings, are at risk of being excluded from research and community engagement initiatives during and after the COVID-19 pandemic because of the rapid transition to digital operations.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to describe the implementation and feasibility of a program called Addressing the Digital Divide to Improve Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, which was designed to address barriers to technology use, and to examine changes in participants’ perceived comfort with digital technology before and after the program.

METHODS

To promote full engagement, we worked with 20 existing community leaders to cocreate a training course on using digital technology. We assessed the frequency of technology use and comfort with technology through an adapted 8-item version of the Functional Assessment of Comfort Employing Technology Scale and used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for survey analysis. We also conducted a focus group session with 10 participants and then performed reflective journaling and content analysis to determine emergent themes.

RESULTS

We found that the program was feasible to implement and worthwhile for participants (15/16, 94%). After the program, the participants perceived an increase in the frequency of technology use (z=2.76, P=.006). The participants reported that the program was successful because of the technology training program, but recommended that the program have a slower pace and include a helpline number that they could call with questions.

CONCLUSIONS

Future programs should consider that populations with low literacy view technology training as a core element to decreasing technology disparity. This study demonstrates that through low-cost input, community members can be provided the resources and training needed to virtually participate in research studies or community engagement initiatives.

CLINICALTRIAL
MA VE PU again: Kill Caesar! (Georg. I 424–471)
Authors: Adkin Neil
Published: July 2021

This article deals with the Virgilian onomastic in Georgic I 429-433: some fresh considerations are advanced. In particular this sphragis would seem to endorse an overlooked acrostic: “Kill Caesar!”