bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A doação voluntária de sangue sob a ótica de universitários da área da saúde
Authors: Silva Teodoro Marcelino da , Oliveira Ingrid Mikaela Moreira de , Tavares Natália Bastos Ferreira
Published: May 2021

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar a percepção de universitários da área da saúde sobre a atitude da doação voluntária de sangue. A natureza do estudo é exploratória-descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido, no ano de 2020, com os estudantes da área da saúde de uma universidade pública cearense. Os dados foram obtidos mediante um questionário virtual e interpretados conforme a técnica de análise categorial. Os resultados foram apresentados por meio de duas categorias oriundas da análise de conteúdo, a saber: 1. Doação de sangue como ato de solidariedade e de amor que salva vidas; 2. Necessidade da doação de sangue em situações envolvendo acidentes, doenças e cirurgias. Posteriormente foram discutidas mediante a literatura científica pertinente à temática em estudo. Conforme os resultados encontrados, pôde-se concluir que apesar da maioria dos acadêmicos não serem doadores de sangue, eles reconhecem a doação de sangue como uma atitude voluntária, solidária e altruísta que tem a capacidade de salvar vidas, e sendo amplamente utilizada em procedimentos médicos, doenças e acidentes, a qual, normalmente, faz-se necessária em transfusões sanguíneas.
Análise comparativa dos níveis de glicemia com glicosímetro portátil versus dosagem laboratorial em adultos e idosos
Authors: Faria Ludmila Rosa , Berto Arthur Mineli Kuester , Monte Lizandra Karoline Silva do , Pavoni Mariana Barretto , Borsoi Rebeka Viana , Silva Washington Luiz Mariano da , Melo Geiziane Leite Rodrigues , Neves Rodrigo Vanderson Passos , Rosa Thiago Santos , Moraes Milton Rocha
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Analisar níveis de glicemia gerados pelo glicosímetro portátil, e compará-los com os níveis dados pelo método padrão ouro. Métodos: Busca realizada em periódicos indexados nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PUBMED, LILACS e SCIELO. Os critérios de inclusão dos estudos analisados foram artigos dos últimos 15 anos (2005-2020), alteração de perfil glicêmico, avaliação de outros glicosímetros, aparelhos portáteis e de mesa, glicemia venosa e capilar. Resultados: O estudo verificou que  os aparelhos validados foram Accu-Chek Active (Roche Diagnóstica), Accu-Chek Advantage (Roche Diagnóstica), Contour TS (Bayer) comparados respectivamente com os métodos laboratoriais padrão, não especificado, Prietest Touch (Katal), Flexor EL200 na população adulta e idosa. Para serem aprovados e terem validação confirmada, os glicosímetros portáteis necessitam se enquadrar nas normas da International Organization for Standardization (ISO: 15197:2003). Conclusão: Apenas 3 glicosímetros portáteis foram validados quando comparado ao padrão ouro. Tendo em vista que o uso de medicações e o controle adequado da disglicemia está intimamente ligado às medidas geradas pelos glicosímetros, a utilização dos aparelhos invalidados coloca em risco a saúde, o tratamento e qualidade de vida de seus usuários diabéticos.
Principais fatores que influenciam a colonização por leveduras do gênero Candida em próteses oculares confeccionadas em resina acrílica
Authors: Santana Kássia Regina de , Abreu Allef Monteiro de , Paz Eliana Santos Lyra da , Andrade Emanuel Savio de Souza , Paz Júnior Francisco Braga da , Cardoso Maria do Socorro Orestes , Gerbi Marleny Elizabeth Marquez de Martinez , Prado Victor Felipe Farias do
Published: May 2021

Esta pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, com o objetivo de demostrar os principais fatores que influenciam a colonização por leveduras do gênero Candida em próteses oculares confeccionadas em resina acrílica e a composição microbiológica da secreção conjuntival presente nas cavidades anoftálmicas. Foi realizada a recuperação de estudos publicados, através de um levantamento bibliográfico por meio de estratégia de busca com base nos termos: Candida; Fatores de virulência; Infecções oculares fúngicas; Olho artificial. Sendo os critérios de inclusão: artigos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol; artigos indexados nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), National Library Of Medicine Online (MEDLINE), Scopus e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO); artigos publicados no período de 2001 a 2020. E, como critérios de exclusão: estudos sem informações sobre a amostragem e análise efetuada; estudos de revisão bibliográfica e estudos com duplicidades nas bases de dados. Dentre os fatores que influenciam a colonização das póteses oculares por leveduras do gênero Candida, se destacam: Qualidade do acabamento e polimento das próteses; grau de porosidades e rugosidades superficiais; qualidade da resina acrílica empregada na confecção e grau de conversão dos polímeros; frequência de higienização da prótese e da mucosa conjuntival; secreção lacrimal da cavidade anolftálmica; e fatores de virulência das leveduras colonizadoras. Dessa forma, ressaltamos que o controle da carga microbiana da cavidade anoftálmica, através do emprego correto da técnica de confecção e boa prática de higienização, mostra-se imprescindível para que a reabilitação através do uso das próteses oculares desempenhe seu papel de forma exitosa.
O impacto da pandemia do COVID-19 no atendimento odontológico infantojuvenil no Sistema Único de Saúde de João Pessoa – PB
Authors: Ribeiro Luciana Marina Coutinho de Andrade Ventura , Ferreira Marta Martins , Lima Jabes Gennedyr da Cruz , Farias Danielle Machado , Santos André Azevedo dos , Medeiros Cristianne Kalinne Santos , Almeida Dennys Ramon de Melo Fernandes , Gonçalves Gabriel Coutinho , Silva Herrison Félix Valeriano da , Araújo Suany Lara Soares , Pinheiro Juliana Campos , Leite Rafaella Bastos , Oliveira Renata Dantas Barreto de
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo objetivou analisar o impacto da pandemia de coronavírus Sars-CoV-2 nos atendimentos odontológicos à população infantojuvenil na cidade de João Pessoa-PB. Trata-se de um estudo temporal realizado de setembro de 2019 à 2020. Foram utilizadas informações secundárias públicas aos serviços de atenção básica e secundária, caracterizadas pelos indicadores de saúde bucal os quais foram obtidos pelo SIA/SUS, banco de dados do Ministério da Saúde (DATASUS). Nesse estudo foram considerados os atendimentos odontológicos feitos no SUS, no semestre que antecedeu a pandemia de COVID-19. Nesse período, 1.413 procedimentos foram realizados em crianças e adolescentes na grande João Pessoa. Em média são realizados 235,5 ± 85,3 procedimentos mensais. No primeiro semestre da pandemia do novo coronavírus, o número de procedimentos realizados apresentou uma queda de 46,42%. Foram realizados 757 procedimentos odontológicos e no mês de maio, nenhum procedimento no público infantojuvenil foi referenciado. Dessa forma, nós podemos concluir que houve uma redução significativa no número de atendimentos odontológicos, e esse fenômeno pode gerar uma demanda reprimida significativa nesse público. Com isso nós sugerimos estudos para desenvolver políticas de prevenção e promoção de saúde bucal quando os atendimentos coletivos forem normalizados.
Setting Hover, Roll, Yaw Pitch And Altitude Tricopter Using Arduino Multiwii
Authors: Gunardi Yudhi
Published: May 2021

The development and advancement of drone technology will be a trend now and in the future, it will have an important role as a material for mapping and aerial photography.  with the use of Aeromodelling is a miniature model of an airplane, in which there are many types of aeromodelling, one of which is a tricopter, which is a drone driven by three motors that can be controlled by remote control using a remote control and has a Y-shaped frame. Many Drones are sold with easy-to-operate use but what if we assemble drones will be a lot of constraints because of many hardware and software settings in the manufacture of drones and this becomes a challenge in itself therefore This research specializes in hardware settings using software applications Multiwii Configuration Tools to set PID values for hover, roll, yaw pitch, and altitude values. So the Tricoptrer can go up and down, flight stability, and turn left and right movements. The conclusion of this research Tricopter can fly and move well following the desire to control the movement of tricoppter using a remote controller. The best tricopter flying navigation setting values obtained for Roll are P = 5.9, I = 0.003, D = 16. Pitch is P = 5.7, I = 0.003, D = 17. Yaw is P = 6.8, I = 0.045, D = 7 the height is P = 6.4, I = 0.025, D = 13.
Efficient Synthetic Technique, PASS Predication, and ADMET Studies of Acylated n-Octyl Glucopyranosides
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Karim Md. Hasanul , Matin Mohammed Mahbubul
Published: May 2021

Direct dimolar pentanoylation of octyl β-D-glucopyranoside (OBG) in pyridine-chloroform solvent system furnished the corresponding 3,6-di-O-pentanoate in improved yield. The pentanoate was further converted into three 2,4-di-O-acyl esters to get novel octyl glucopyranosides. To explore medicinal probability of OBG-based esters all the synthesized compounds were subjected for in silico PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances) predication and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) studies. Both the studies indicated that OBG derived carbohydrate fatty acid (CFA) esters are potential alternative for multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens, especially for fungal infections.
A Review Based on Low- and High-Stream Global Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technology and Implementation Strategy
Authors: Ahmed Abu Saleh , Rahman Md. Rezaur , Bin Bakri Muhammad Khusairy
Published: May 2021

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a method used to capture CO2 that is produced via the combustion of fossil fuels and then store it away from the atmosphere for a long time. The focus of CCS is on power generation and industrial sectors, mainly because they emit such a large volume of carbon dioxide that the capture and storage there will be the most beneficial. The most researched/developed ways to capture CO2 are pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxyfuel combustion capture. Once the carbon dioxide is captured, it can either be stored underground or stored in the ocean. Source of CO2 seriously affecting our planet. The major factor in increased global warming comes from carbon dioxide emission. Coal fire power plants, cement/brick factories, oil refineries, natural gas wells, and transportation all emit CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels.  Many countries are planning to set mandatory caps on CO2 emissions, causing companies to develop and test methods to mitigate their carbon footprint. This study focuses on the processes and techniques of CCS technology as well as challenges and policy concerns.
PENGARUH FORMULASI TEPUNG PANGAN LOKAL TERHADAP PENILAIAN ORGANOLEPTIK DAN PROKSIMAT PRODUK MUFFIN: STUDI KEPUSTAKAAN
Authors: Agustin Nella Veby , Wahyuni Sri , Faradilla RH Fitri
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT             This review aimed to determine the effect of the treatment of various types of local flour formulations on the organoleptic characteristics of the muffin products. In addition, this review also aimed to determine the nutritional value of muffin products from local food. The formulation process of various types of flour is carried out to improve the organoleptic characteristics of the muffins produced and to determine the level of consumer acceptance of the product using local flour. The review results show that the proximate value of each formulation of the type of local flour produces different proximate values. Organoleptic characteristics of muffin using local food flour show that the taste and texture assessment had different results for each flour formulation.Keywords: muffin, Local flour ABSTRAKReview ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan formulasi berbagai jenis tepung pangan lokal  terhadap  karakteristik organoleptik produk muffin yang dihasilkan. Selain itu,  review ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai gizi produk muffin dari pangan lokal.  Proses formulasi  berbagai jenis  tepung dilakukan untuk memperbaiki karakteristik  organoleptik muffin yang dihasilkan serta untuk mengetahui tingkat penerimaan konsumen terhadap produkmuffin menggunakan tepung pagan lokal. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa nilai proksimat setiap formulasi dari jenis tepung pangan lokal menghasilkan nilai proksimat yang berbeda. Karakteristik organoleptik muffint erhadap penggunaan tepung pangan lokal terhadap rasa dan tekstur setiap formulasi tepung akan menghasilkan hasil produk yang berbeda. Kata kunci: Muffin, tepung pangan lokal.
DETERMINATION OF NORMATIVE VALUES OF MECHANICAL INDICATORS OF BONDED SOILS BASED ON DYNAMIC PROBING DATA
Authors: Lytvynenko Anatolii
Published: May 2021

In the work on the basis of analytical analysis of tabular data, both current and previous domestic regulatory documents on civil engineering, for mechanical indicators of bonded soils of natural occurrence graphic and analytical (formula) interpretation of these values in relation to the values of the dynamic probing index of Pd, MPa, and yield index IL, units, for the degree of water saturation of these soils Sr ≥ 0.8 units is given. Correlation with the value of dynamic probing of Pd, MPa allows not only to differentiate engineering and geological (geotechnical) cross-sections, more or less detailed, but also to estimate the load-bearing capacity of selected layers of bonded soils accurately enough. The theoretical analysis has shown that the values of mechanical indicators of natural bonded soils adopted in the current regulatory documents, even taking into account their structural strength, can not be directly used as a prototype to assess similar indicators of compacted technogenic soils of artificial structures in the form of embankments of hydraulic dams, road embankments or airfields. This is due to the fact that in the vast majority of cases in civil construction assessed the properties of soils in the plastic state, which tend to have a lower density of dry soil than at the border of rolling, and a mandatory condition for the use of such soils in artificial soil structures is their compliance with the requirements of the so-called standard compaction, that is, the density of dry soil there should be more than the density of dry soil at the border of rolling. These soils are in a solid state (their concentration is ≥ 85 %) and indeed (through direct contact between the soil parts) work as an elastic body and can be characterized by a modulus of elasticity with a corresponding small elastic deflection lmax and a sufficiently large design critical resistance value of R0 ≥ 0.6 MPa, which must be determined at each laboratory test of the samples before they fracture or disproportional movement of the stamp. Keywords: regulatory documents, tabular data, bonded soils, natural, mechanical properties, graphical interpretation, analytical dependencies.
Functional Domains, Functions, and the Notion of Complexity: The Systems of Reference
Authors: Frajzyngier Zygmunt
Published: May 2021

The present study addresses the issues of (1) how to define complexity in the study of functions, (2) how to measure complexity in the study of functions, and (3) the benefits of the notion of semantic complexity in the analysis of language. This argues for a metric of complexity narrowed to single domains, something that has been already mentioned in some other studies. Such measures of complexity can then point to areas of further studies, both synchronic and diachronic. Two metrics of complexity are proposed: The first one involves the number of functions encoded in the given domain. The second is the number of functions that the speaker needs to take into consideration in realizing the functions encoded in the given domain. The argumentation for the proposed approach to complexity is based on cross-linguistic examination of the systems of reference of languages belonging to different families. The implication of this study is that the complexity of functional domains is the fundamental motivation of the complexity of the formal means of coding.
Associations of Meat and Fish Consumption With Conventional and Radiomics Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Phenotypes in the UK Biobank
Authors: Raisi-Estabragh Zahra , McCracken Celeste , Gkontra Polyxeni , Jaggi Akshay , Ardissino Maddalena , Cooper Jackie , Biasiolli Luca , Aung Nay , Piechnik Stefan K. , Neubauer Stefan , Munroe Patricia B. , Lekadir Karim , Harvey Nicholas C. , Petersen Steffen E.
Published: May 2021

Background: Greater red and processed meat consumption has been linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, the impact of these exposures on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) phenotypes has not been adequately studied.

Objective: We describe novel associations of meat intake with cardiovascular phenotypes and investigate underlying mechanisms through consideration of a range of covariates.

Design: We studied 19,408 UK Biobank participants with CMR data available. Average daily red and processed meat consumption was determined through food frequency questionnaires and expressed as a continuous variable. Oily fish was studied as a comparator, previously associated with favourable cardiac outcomes. We considered associations with conventional CMR indices (ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, stroke volume, left ventricular mass), novel CMR radiomics features (shape, first-order, texture), and arterial compliance measures (arterial stiffness index, aortic distensibility). We used multivariable linear regression to investigate relationships between meat intake and cardiovascular phenotypes, adjusting for confounders (age, sex, deprivation, educational level, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise) and potential covariates on the causal pathway (hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, body mass index).

Results: Greater red and processed meat consumption was associated with an unhealthy pattern of biventricular remodelling, worse cardiac function, and poorer arterial compliance. In contrast, greater oily fish consumption was associated with a healthier cardiovascular phenotype and better arterial compliance. There was partial attenuation of associations between red meat and conventional CMR indices with addition of covariates potentially on the causal pathway, indicating a possible mechanistic role for these cardiometabolic morbidities. However, other associations were not altered with inclusion of these covariates, suggesting importance of alternative biological mechanisms underlying these relationships. Radiomics analysis provided deeper phenotyping, demonstrating association of the different dietary habits with distinct ventricular geometry and left ventricular myocardial texture patterns.

Conclusions: Greater red and processed meat consumption is associated with impaired cardiovascular health, both in terms of markers of arterial disease and of cardiac structure and function. Cardiometabolic morbidities appeared to have a mechanistic role in the associations of red meat with ventricular phenotypes, but less so for other associations suggesting importance of alternative mechanism for these relationships.
The Influence of the Permian-Triassic Magmatism in the Tunguska Basin, Siberia on the Regional Floristic Biota of the Permian-Triassic Transition in the Region
Authors: Davydov V. I. , Karasev E. V.
Published: May 2021

The end-Permian extinction event (EPEE) considered to have been caused by the eruption of the Siberian Large Igneous Province (SLIP), the age of which is critical for extinction-SLIP model evaluation. The Tunguska Basin flora during this time, in accordance with the EPEE model, supposed to have been killed by the massive injection into the atmosphere of poisonous substances such as methane, sulfates, mercury and massive combastion of coals. In addition, supposed numerous fires presumably devastated the regional flora. However, the diversity of the Tunguska Basin flora drasticly increased at the beginning of Induan or slightly earlier and become diverse at the species level in the Olenekian and Anisian, when the main phase of basalt eruption and associated intrusive activity occurred. The overall magmatic activity during the latest Permian and Early Triassic did not kill the flora, but rather stimulate their diversity. The geomagnetic secular variations from the intrusions revealed the similarity of paleomagnetic directions of the Norilsk group layered intrusions with those of the upper Olenekian and lower Anisian Mokulaev and Kharaelakh volcanic formations and intrusions of the Talnakh group with the Olenekian Moronga-Mokulaev formations. The U-Pb dates and the geomagnetic secular variations data expose the obvious discrepancy between these two datasets. The paleomagnetic data suggest that the Norilsk-1 intrusion is younger than the Talnakn and Kharaelakh intrusions, but the U-Pb dates indicate the opposite. The data from layered intrusions in Norilsk and the other regions suggest their prolonged duration and multi-stadial formation. The U-Pb dates from the intrusions of the Norilsk region roughly constrain the onset of the SLIP and generally postdate the end-Permian extinction.
Teachers’ Creative Behaviors in STEAM Activities With Modular Robotics
Authors: Leroy Anaïs , Romero Margarida
Published: May 2021

As STEAM activities require both the teachers and learners to be creative, it is important to train teachers to instruct and guide creativity not only when students begin a task, but also throughout its entire process persistently to maintain creative behaviors. To assess the creative process in teacher education, a currently limited topic within the literature, we examined 37 in-service teachers, who were participating in a creative pedagogy course, through a divergent creativity test (Alternative Uses Test) and a CreaCube task (a creative problem-solving task involving modular robotics). We used CreaCube as a digital manipulative task that was performed twice to ensure the creative assessment’s authenticity in relation to STEAM education. In the second execution, the participants did not know whether they had to reproduce the same solution or find a new one. Our results show that only a quarter of the teachers proposed new solutions during the task repetition, and that this conservative and repetitive behavior increased the task completion speed. However, this suggests that even in the context of creative pedagogy courses, teachers’ tendencies to prioritize speed and the application of existing solutions tendency remains a barrier to engaging in more creative behaviors that require inhibiting previous solutions and exploring new ideas. This study sheds light on the importance of teachers experimenting with this conservative behavior bias during their training and the significance of persistently applying creative behaviors in STEAM activities. Accordingly, it is essential that teachers consider these factors when developing and delivering their courses.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Influence of Major Hysteresis on State of Charge Prediction of LiNiMnCoO2 Battery
Authors: Feng Hailong , Wang Zhifu , Zhang Fujun
Published: May 2021

Accurate open-circuit voltage (OCV) is crucial for state of charge (SoC) estimation of lithium-ion batteries and, hence has become a key factor to ensure the safety and reliability of electric vehicles (EVs). In engineering, the incremental OCV (IO) testing has been widely used for OCV calibrating. Based on this, the OCV is commonly simplified by averaging the discharging and the charging OCVs, which essentially ignores the influence of the major hysteresis (MH). By a series of experiments on the LiNiMnCoO2 battery, this work first systematically investigated the influence of the MH on SoC estimation via diverse current profiles tested at various ambient temperatures. Besides, the recursive least square (RLS) and the particle filter (PF) algorithms were introduced to estimate the battery parameters and the SoC, respectively. The results report that, compared with the traditional simplified method, the discharging direction and the charging direction of the MH can enhance the estimation accuracy of the discharging process and the charging process of the battery at all the operating conditions above, respectively. By the MH-based estimation method, the maximum mean absolute estimation error can be reduced by about 70%.
Oversupply of Limiting Cell Resources and the Evolution of Cancer Cells: A Review
Authors: Wu Daniel J.
Published: May 2021

Cancer prevention is superior to cancer treatment—indeed, understanding and controlling cancer risk is a key question in the fields of applied ecology and evolutionary oncology. Ecological cancer risk models offer the dual benefit of being generalizable across cancer types, and unveiling common mechanisms underlying cancer development and spread. Understanding the biological mechanisms of cancer risk may also guide the design of interventions to prevent cancer. Ecological considerations are central to many of these mechanisms; as one example, the ecologically-based hypothesis of metabolic cancer suppression posits that restricted vascular supply of limiting resources to somatic tissues normally suppresses the evolution of somatic cells toward cancer. Here we present a critical review of published evidence relevant to this hypothesis, and we conclude that there is substantial evidence that cancer risk does increase with an abnormal excess of limiting cell resources, including both dietary macronutrients as well as certain micronutrients.
Latent CMV Infection Is Associated With Lower Influenza Virus-Specific Memory T-Cell Frequencies, but Not With an Impaired T-Cell Response to Acute Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: van den Berg Sara P. H. , Lanfermeijer Josien , Jacobi Ronald H. J. , Hendriks Marion , Vos Martijn , van Schuijlenburg Roos , Nanlohy Nening M. , Borghans José A. M. , van Beek Josine , van Baarle Debbie , de Wit Jelle
Published: May 2021

Latent infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is assumed to contribute to the age-associated decline of the immune system. CMV induces large changes in the T-cell pool and may thereby affect other immune responses. CMV is expected to impact especially older adults, who are already at higher risk of severe disease and hospitalization upon infections such as influenza virus (IAV) infection. Here, we investigated the impact of CMV infection on IAV-specific CD8+ T-cell frequencies in healthy individuals (n=96) and the response to IAV infection in older adults (n=72). IAV-specific memory T-cell frequencies were lower in healthy CMV+ older individuals compared to healthy CMV- older individuals. Upon acute IAV infection, CMV serostatus or CMV-specific antibody levels were not negatively associated with IAV-specific T-cell frequencies, function, phenotype or T-cell receptor repertoire diversity. This suggests that specific T-cell responses upon acute IAV infection are not negatively affected by CMV. In addition, we found neither an association between CMV infection and inflammatory cytokine levels in serum during acute IAV infection nor between cytokine levels and the height of the IAV-specific T-cell response upon infection. Finally, CMV infection was not associated with increased severity of influenza-related symptoms. In fact, CMV infection was even associated with increased IAV-specific T-cell responses early upon acute IAV infection. In conclusion, although associated with lower frequencies of memory IAV-specific T cells in healthy individuals, CMV infection does not seem to hamper the induction of a proper T-cell response during acute IAV infection in older adults.
Influences of Ocean Currents on the Diets of Demersal Fish Communities in the Western North Pacific Revealed by Their Muscle Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Compositions
Authors: Ishikawa Naoto F. , Ogawa Nanako O. , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Yamaguchi Moto-omi , Fujikura Katsunori , Miyairi Yosuke , Yokoyama Yusuke , Nagata Toshi , Ohkouchi Naohiko
Published: May 2021

To study the influence of different ocean currents on the trophic spectra found in a sympatric fish community, we analyzed the radiocarbon contents (Δ14C) and stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic compositions in their bulk muscle tissues and the δ15N of individual amino acids in 26 species of demersal fish collected from off Tohoku (Pacific coast), northeastern Japan. The Δ14C values of the fish varied from –42 to +41‰, consistent with the Δ14C of the dissolved inorganic carbon in the cold Oyashio Current (typically about –50‰) and the warm Kuroshio Current (typically about +50‰). The trophic positions (TPs) of the fish estimated from the δ15N values of amino acids increased from 3.1 to 4.5 with increasing snout length. A negative correlation was observed between Δ14C and TP in gadiform fish and flatfish, suggesting that the Oyashio Current delivers a high TP diet to these fish groups. These results suggest that the trophic ecology of marine fish in the coastal western North Pacific is primarily controlled by the two major surface water currents, but is also significantly influenced by a combination of species-specific feeding and migration strategies.
γ-Irradiated Chitosan From Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Latreille, 1802) Improves the Shelf Life of Refrigerated Aquatic Products
Authors: Pati Siddhartha , Sarkar Tanmay , Sheikh Hassan I. , Bharadwaj Kaushik Kumar , Mohapatra Pranab Kishor , Chatterji Anil , Dash Bisnu Prasad , Edinur Hisham Atan , Nelson Bryan Raveen
Published: May 2021

The γ-irradiated horseshoe crab chitosan was used as food coating to extend the shelf life of marine shrimp and fish. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the γ-irradiated chitosan. After employing control (untreated seafood samples/no preservatives), chemical preservation (treated with 2% glacial acetic acid) and 2% chitosan (0, 10, and 20 kGy γ-irradiation) for the assessment assay, the shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis), pomfret (Pampus argenteus), and hilsa fish (Tenualosa ilisha) samples were examined for pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), total viable counts (TVC), and sensory evaluation changes while under 15-day refrigeration at 4°C. The results of FT-IR, XRD, and FE-SEM analysis revealed that irradiated chitosan possessed a crystalline structure with smooth texture on its surface. Analysis of pH, TBARS, TVC, and sensory evaluation demarcated irradiated chitosan with the ability to delay microbial growth and this prolonged the shelf life of refrigerated shrimp and fish. With novelty on γ-irradiated horseshoe crab chitosan use as natural preserving agent, fisheries industries and food packaging practitioners would benefit from its microbial-inert abilities particularly for long distant cold storage transport of packaged marine meats.
Protective Efficacy of Rhomboid-Like Protein 3 as a Candidate Antigen Against Eimeria maxima in Chickens
Authors: Chen Chen , Tian Di , Su Junzhi , Liu Xiaoqian , Shah Muhammad Ali A. , Li Xiangrui , Xu Lixin , Yan Ruofeng , Song Xiaokai
Published: May 2021

Avian coccidiosis brings tremendous economic loss to the poultry industry worldwide. The third generation vaccine, including subunit and DNA vaccines, exhibited promising developmental prospects. In a previous study, we found rhomboid-like protein 3 of Eimeria maxima (EmROM3) was involved in infections by Eimeria species. However, the protective efficacy of EmROM3 against Eimeria maxima (E. maxima) remains unknown. In this study, chickens were intramuscularly immunized with the recombinant protein EmROM3 (rEmROM3) or pVAX1-EmROM3 to determine the EmROM3-induced immune response. The induced humoral immune response was determined by measuring serum IgG antibody levels in immunized chickens. The induced cellular immune response was detected by measuring the transcription level of immune related cytokines and the proportion of T cell subsets of the immunized chickens. Finally, the protective efficacy of the EmROM3 vaccine against E. maxima was evaluated by immunization-challenge trials. Results revealed that the purified rEmROM3 reacted with chicken anti-E. maxima serum. The recombinant plasmid of pVAX1-EmROM3 was transcribed and translated in the injected muscle from the vaccinated chickens. In experimental groups, the IgG titers, proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and transcription level of splenic cytokines were significantly increased compared with the control groups. The immunization-challenge trial revealed that immunization with rEmROM3 or pVAX1-EmROM3 led to restored weight gain, alleviated enteric lesion, decreased oocyst output as well as the higher anticoccidial index (ACI), indicating partial protection against E. maxima. These results indicate that EmROM3 is an effective candidate antigen for developing novel vaccines against infection by E. maxima.
Mechanistic Aspects of Microbe-Mediated Nanoparticle Synthesis
Authors: Ghosh Shubhrima , Ahmad Razi , Banerjee Kamalika , AlAjmi Mohamed Fahad , Rahman Shakilur
Published: May 2021

In recent times, nanoparticles (NPs) have found increasing interest owing to their size, large surface areas, distinctive structures, and unique properties, making them suitable for various industrial and biomedical applications. Biogenic synthesis of NPs using microbes is a recent trend and a greener approach than physical and chemical methods of synthesis, which demand higher costs, greater energy consumption, and complex reaction conditions and ensue hazardous environmental impact. Several microorganisms are known to trap metalsin situand convert them into elemental NPs forms. They are found to accumulate inside and outside of the cell as well as in the periplasmic space. Despite the toxicity of NPs, the driving factor for the production of NPs inside microorganisms remains unelucidated. Several reports suggest that nanotization is a way of stress response and biodefense mechanism for the microbe, which involves metal excretion/accumulation across membranes, enzymatic action, efflux pump systems, binding at peptides, and precipitation. Moreover, genes also play an important role for microbial nanoparticle biosynthesis. The resistance of microbial cells to metal ions during inward and outward transportation leads to precipitation. Accordingly, it becomes pertinent to understand the interaction of the metal ions with proteins, DNA, organelles, membranes, and their subsequent cellular uptake. The elucidation of the mechanism also allows us to control the shape, size, and monodispersity of the NPs to develop large-scale production according to the required application. This article reviews different means in microbial synthesis of NPs focusing on understanding the cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of nanotization of metals.
HCK and ABAA: A Newly Designed Pipeline to Improve Fungi Metabarcoding Analysis
Authors: Mlaga Kodjovi D. , Mathieu Alban , Beauparlant Charles Joly , Ott Alban , Khodr Ahmad , Perin Olivier , Droit Arnaud
Published: May 2021

Introduction

The fungi ITS sequence length dissimilarity, non-specific amplicons, including chimaera formed during Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), added to sequencing errors, create bias during similarity clustering and abundance estimation in the downstream analysis. To overcome these challenges, we present a novel approach, Hierarchical Clustering with Kraken (HCK), to classify ITS1 amplicons and Abundance-Base Alternative Approach (ABAA) pipeline to detect and filter non-specific amplicons in fungi metabarcoding sequencing datasets.

Materials and Methods

We compared the performances of both pipelines against QIIME, KRAKEN, and DADA2 using publicly available fungi ITS mock community datasets and using BLASTn as a reference. We calculated the Precision, Recall, F-score using the True-Positive, False-positive, and False-negative estimation. Alpha diversity (Chao1 and Shannon metrics) was also used to evaluate the diversity estimation of our method.

Results

The analysis shows that ABAA reduced the number of false-positive with all metabarcoding methods tested, and HCK increases precision and recall. HCK, coupled with ABAA, improves the F-score and bring alpha diversity metric value close to that of the BLASTn alpha diversity values when compared to QIIME, KRAKEN, and DADA2.

Conclusion

The developed HCK-ABAA approach allows better identification of the fungi community structures while avoiding use of a reference database for non-specific amplicons filtration. It results in a more robust and stable methodology over time. The software can be downloaded on the following link: https://bitbucket.org/GottySG36/hck/src/master/.
The Smad Dependent TGF-β and BMP Signaling Pathway in Bone Remodeling and Therapies
Authors: Zou Ming-Li , Chen Zhong-Hua , Teng Ying-Ying , Liu Si-Yu , Jia Yuan , Zhang Kai-Wen , Sun Zi-Li , Wu Jun-Jie , Yuan Zheng-Dong , Feng Yi , Li Xia , Xu Rui-Sheng , Yuan Feng-Lai
Published: May 2021

Bone remodeling is a continuous process that maintains the homeostasis of the skeletal system, and it depends on the homeostasis between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-absorbing osteoclasts. A large number of studies have confirmed that the Smad signaling pathway is essential for the regulation of osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation during skeletal development, bone formation and bone homeostasis, suggesting a close relationship between Smad signaling and bone remodeling. It is known that Smads proteins are pivotal intracellular effectors for the members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), acting as transcription factors. Smad mediates the signal transduction in TGF-β and BMP signaling pathway that affects both osteoblast and osteoclast functions, and therefore plays a critical role in the regulation of bone remodeling. Increasing studies have demonstrated that a number of Smad signaling regulators have potential functions in bone remodeling. Therefore, targeting Smad dependent TGF-β and BMP signaling pathway might be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy against osteoporosis. This article aims to review recent advances in this field, summarizing the influence of Smad on osteoblast and osteoclast function, together with Smad signaling regulators in bone remodeling. This will facilitate the understanding of Smad signaling pathway in bone biology and shed new light on the modulation and potential treatment for osteoporosis.
Vital Role of Glutamate Dehydrogenase Gene in Ammonia Detoxification and the Association Between its SNPs and Ammonia Tolerance in Sinonovacula constricta
Authors: Sun Gaigai , Dong Yinghui , Sun Changsen , Yao Hanhan , Lin Zhihua
Published: May 2021

Increasing evidence has revealed accumulated ammonia will cause adverse effects on the growth, reproduction, and survival of aquatic animals. As a marine benthic mollusk, the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta shows better growth and survival under high ammonia nitrogen environment. However, little is known about its adaptation mechanisms to high ammonia stress in an integrated mariculture system. In this study, we analyzed the association between the polymorphism of glutamate dehydrogenase gene (GDH), a key gene involved in ammonia nitrogen detoxification, and ammonia tolerance. The results showed that 26 and 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GDH in S. constricta (denoted as Sc-GDH) were identified from two geographical populations, respectively. Among them, two SNPs (c.323T > C and c.620C > T) exhibited a significant and strong association with ammonia tolerance, suggesting that Sc-GDH gene could serve as a potential genetic marker for molecular marker–assisted selection to increase survival rate and production of S. constricta. To observe the histological morphology and explore the histocellular localization of Sc-GDH, by paraffin section and hematoxylin–eosin staining, the gills were divided into gill filament (contains columnar and flattened cells) and gill cilia, whereas hepatopancreas was made up of individual hepatocytes. The results of immunohistochemistry indicated that the columnar cells of gill filaments and the endothelial cells of hepatocytes were the major sites for Sc-GDH secretion. Under ammonia stress (180 mg/L), the expression levels of Sc-GDH were extremely significantly downregulated at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h (P < 0.01) after RNA interference. Thus, we can speculate that Sc-GDH gene may play an important role in the defense process against ammonia stress. Overall, these findings laid a foundation for further research on the adaptive mechanisms to ammonia–nitrogen tolerance for S. constricta.
Tomato SlCDF3 Delays Flowering Time by Regulating Different FT-Like Genes Under Long-Day and Short-Day Conditions
Authors: Xu Dawei , Li Xueou , Wu Xue , Meng Lili , Zou Zhirong , Bao Encai , Bian Zhonghua , Cao Kai
Published: May 2021

Photoperiod is a crucial inducer of plant flowering. Cycling DOF factors (CDFs) play pivotal roles in the flowering of long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) plants. However, the functions of CDFs in the photoperiod regulated flowering remain unclear in day-neutral plants. In the present study, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. “Ailsa Craig”) seedlings of the wild-type and transgenic lines of overexpressing CDFs were treated with different photoperiods. The flowering time and the expression pattern of SlCDFs and other FT-like genes were investigated. The results showed that tomato SlCDF1, SlCDF2, SlCDF3, SlCDF4, and SlCDF5 are homologs to Arabidopsis cycling DOF factor 1 (AtCDF1). SlCDF1–5 expression levels were influenced by the developmental stage and the tissue location, and notably, the expression patterns throughout light environments showed two opposite trends. Among the SlCDF1–5 overexpression transgenic lines, overexpressing SlCDF3 delayed flowering time in both LD (16 h light/8 h dark) and SD (8 h light/16 h dark) conditions. Furthermore, SlCDF3 led to an increase in the mRNA level of SlSP5G, a tomato FT-like gene, in LD conditions, while the transcription level of the other two FT-like genes, SlSP5G2 and SlSP5G3, were up-regulated in SD conditions. Taken together, at the transcription level, our results demonstrated that SlCDF3 played a significant role in controlling tomato flowering under LD and SD conditions, possibly through directly or indirectly regulating FT-like genes.
Incorporating Volunteering Into Treatment for Depression Among Adolescents: Developmental and Clinical Considerations
Authors: Ballard Parissa J. , Daniel Stephanie S. , Anderson Grace , Nicolotti Linda , Caballero Quinones Elimarie , Lee Min , Koehler Aubry N.
Published: May 2021

Volunteering, or taking part in unpaid work for the benefit of others, can be a powerful positive experience with returns to both individual well-being and community projects. Volunteering is positively associated with mental health in observational studies with community samples but has not been systematically examined as a potential part of treatment interventions with clinical adolescent samples. In this manuscript, we review the empirical evidence base connecting volunteerism to mental health and well-being, outline potential mechanisms based in the theoretical literature from developmental science, and discuss the existing clinical approaches that support community volunteering as a part of treatment. Drawing on this review, we propose that including volunteering as a component of clinical treatment approaches for adolescent depression can be a powerful intervention for adolescents.
Psychological Burden and Psycho-Oncological Interventions for Patients With Hepatobiliary Cancers–A Systematic Review
Authors: Graf Johanna , Stengel Andreas
Published: May 2021

Background

Worldwide, hepatobiliary cancers are frequent diseases and often accompanied by a poor prognosis. These cancers, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) being the most frequent, are often associated with a considerable amount of psychological burden such as anxiety, depressiveness, and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL) which may lead to psychiatric comorbidities. This systematic review gives an overview on psychological burden and on the effectiveness of psycho-oncological interventions for patients with HCC and CHC.

Methods

The databases PubMed, PubPsych, and PsycINFO were used and searched using the following combination of terms: (Neoplasm OR Cancer OR Tumor OR Carcinoma) AND (Psycho-Oncology OR Psychotherapy OR Psychiatr∗) AND (Liver OR Hepatic OR Hepatocellular OR Gallbladder OR Bile∗). Studies were eligible for inclusion if investigating patients affected with tumors of the liver (HCC/CHC) and using diagnostic instruments to assess mental health symptoms and research concerning specific psycho-oncological interventions. In total, 1027 studies were screened by one author with regard to title and abstracts. Afterward, the two authors of the paper discussed inclusion of possible articles.

Results

Twelve studies focusing on distress, anxiety, and depression symptoms as well as quality of life among patients with HCC/CHC and three studies on psycho-oncological interventions were included. Patients suffering from hepatobiliary cancers often experience considerable psychological burden. A quarter of patients suffer from depressive symptoms; anxiety is even more common among these patients with almost 40%. The HRQOL of those affected is reduced in almost all areas, suicide rates increased and the level of distress is considerably increased in one third of patients even in comparison to those with other kinds of cancer. By psycho-oncological intervention the prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety can be reduced, while the quality of life and also the survival rate of patients with hepatobiliary cancer can be increased.

Discussion and Conclusion

Psychological burden is high in patients with hepatobiliary cancers as reflected in high levels of depressiveness and anxiety as well as reduced quality of life. The use of psycho-oncological interventions can reduce psychological burden and increase quality of life compared to patients receiving standard support only.

Systematic Review Registration

(prospero), identifier (CRD42021243192).
Evidence for the Effectiveness and Acceptability of e-SBI or e-SBIRT in the Management of Alcohol and Illicit Substance Use in Pregnant and Post-partum Women
Authors: Wouldes Trecia A. , Crawford Andi , Stevens Suzanne , Stasiak Karolina
Published: May 2021

Alcohol and illicit psychoactive drug use during pregnancy have increased worldwide, putting women and their children's health and development at risk. Multiple drug use, comorbid psychiatric disorders, sexual and physical abuse are common in women who use alcohol and drugs during pregnancy. The effects on the mother include poor reproductive and life-long health, legal, family, and social problems. Additionally, the exposed child is at increased risk of long-term physical health, mental health, and developmental problems. The stigma associated with substance use during pregnancy and some clinicians' reticence to inquire about substance use means many women are not receiving adequate prenatal, substance abuse, and mental health care. Evidence for mHealth apps to provide health care for pregnant and post-partum women reveal the usability and effectiveness of these apps to reduce gestational weight gain, improve nutrition, promote smoking cessation and manage gestational diabetes mellitus, and treat depression and anxiety. Emerging evidence suggests mHealth technology using a public health approach of electronic screening, brief intervention, or referral to treatment (e-SBIRT) for substance use or abuse can overcome the typical barriers preventing women from receiving treatment for alcohol and drug use during pregnancy. This brief intervention delivered through a mobile device may be equally effective as SBIRT delivered by a health care professional in preventing maternal drug use, minimizing the effects to the exposed child, and providing a pathway to therapeutic options for a substance use disorder. However, larger studies in more diverse settings with women who have co-morbid mental illness and a constellation of social risk factors that are frequently associated with substance use disorders are needed.