bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Household Demand for Market Purchased, Home Producible Commodities
Authors: Weagley Robert O. , Norum Pamela S.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the household‐'s choice to purchase market commodities that could be substituted for home pro duced commodities. A household production model provided the theoretical framework. Logit demand functions for 12 different market commodities were estimated. The commodities were house cleaning, car repair, home repair, lawn care, exterior painting, interior painting, wall papering, food preparation, clothing construction, clothing repair, clothes laundering, and day care for children. The empirical results were used to classify these various activities as relatively sepa rable or inseparable household production activities. The value of time was found to be an important determinant in the purchase of market commodities. The results have implications for family economists and for marketers of household services.
Utilization of Trained Volunteers in a Food and Nutrition Education Program
Authors: Hillers Virginia N. , Peñaranda Cindy W. , Jennings Gladys E.
Published: March 2007

Master Food Preserver is a Cooperative Extension program that uses a team of professionals and volunteers to teach safe food‐handling techniques. A study of the Master Food Preserver program was conducted in the Pacific Northwest to investigate the factors that are essential for satisfactory incorporation of volun teers into a food and nutrition education program. Survey results showed that Master Food Preserver volunteers wanted to be trained in both application and theory. Preferred teaching methods were demonstration, lecture, and group dis cussion. The level of fulfillment that volunteers expressed and the number of hours served as a volunteer were significantly related to loyal attitudes toward the sponsoring agency. Volunteers said that having opportunities to help others, to receive reliable up‐to‐date information, and to improve their skills were strong motivational factors for their continued service. In one year, the 372 volunteers who served in Washington State returned service valued at $60,000 more than the cost of their training.
Baccalaureate Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Management Programs in Home Economics Units
Authors: Schmelzer Claire D. , Costello Patricia S. , Blalock S. Lynn , Meszaros Peggy S.
Published: March 2007

This study investigates the current status of four‐year hospitality education pro grams within home economics units. Using data from a 1987 national survey of 276 members of the Federation of Administrators of Home Economics, status was determined by analysis of variation in enrollment, characteristics of faculty, pro gram options offered, types of laboratory facilities, internship requirements, and student placement services. Programs surveyed varied significantly only in current and predicted enrollment, number of full‐time faculty, number of faculty with Ph.D.s, and proportion of programs placing at least one graduate in mid‐scale dining. Given the increased employment projections for hospitality managers and the fact that the current majority of these programs are within home economics units, hospitality education programs offer an opportunity for substantial home economics program growth.
Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices in the Use of Credit Cards
Authors: Danes Sharon M. , Hira Tahira K.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships arnong knowledge, beliefs, and practices in the use of credit cards. Data were collected from 198 household money managers in a midwestem town during 1982. Those respon dents with high levels of credit card knowledge believe credit cards should be used more for installment reasons than convenience reasons. Those respondents who believe credit cards should be used for installment reasons are inclined to use more credit cards and to accumulate finance charges more often. Those with more education and income have a higher level of knowledge than those with less education and income. The older respondents and those with low incomes believe that credit cards should be used for convenience reasons. Those with high education levels and large household sizes use more credit cards and accu mulate finance charges more often.
Female Consumers' Brand Orientation: The Influence of Quality and Demographics
Authors: Huddleston Patricia , Cassill Nancy L.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether quality proneness and demographic variables were predictors of female consumers' brand orientation. A national random sample of 1,000 female consumers, ages 25—44, was sent ques tionnaires, resulting in a 43 percent (n = 383) return rate. Quality proneness, annual apparel expenditures, and type of store shopped were found to be sig nificant (p < .05) predictors of brand orientation. Results will benefit retailers and apparel manufacturers in identifying targetable market segments for their brand‐ name products.
Evaluating EFNEP Audience Change Through Attrition Patterns
Authors: Armstrong Jill E. , Butkus Sue
Published: March 2007

Data on attrition from the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) were analyzed to determine whether there have been changes in the characteristics of the low‐income audience served by the program. Data from the 1986, 1988, and 1989 programs in a Washington State county were used. Dropouts differed significantly in selected sociodemographic characteristics from year to year, but in ways that reflected year‐to‐year differences in enrollees. A pilot pro gram tested in 1989, which used new recruitment and instructional methods, led to enrollees and dropouts with higher levels of education, income, and dietary adequacy than had been seen in the previous years. There was also evidence that the program in all three years tended to lose clients in the lower income brackets and to retain clients who were less educated and of Asian‐American ethnicity. Dropouts in each year had dietary inadequacies, although these inadequacies varied from year to year. Implications of the different patterns of attrition are discussed relative to program evaluation and future research.
Linkages between Attitudes toward Gender Roles, Body Satisfaction, Self‐Esteem, and Appearance Management Behaviors in Women
Authors: Lennon Sharron J. , Rudd Nancy A.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this research was to examine possible linkages between attitudes toward gender roles, body satisfaction, self‐esteem, and appearance management behaviors. Results of a survey of 194 undergraduate women indicated that women holding nontraditional attitudes toward gender roles had higher self‐esteem (p < .01), but not body satisfaction, than women holding traditional attitudes toward gender roles. A post hoc analysis indicated that body satisfaction and a nontraditional attitude toward gender roles predicted high levels of self‐esteem (p < .0001 and p < .01, respectively), whereas the likelihood of using painful appearance management procedures predicted low levels of self‐esteem (p < .05). Suggestions are offered for adult education andfor socially responsible marketing practices for appearance‐related products.
Protection of Humans from Ultraviolet Radiation through the Use of Textiles: A Review
Authors: Capjack Linda , Kerr Nancy , Davis Sandra , Fedosejevs Robert , Hatch Kathryn L. , Markee Nancy L.
Published: March 2007

One of the growing concerns of the present decade is the health risk associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and its link with problems such as carcinogenesis, cataracts, sunburn, and photoaging. For protection from UVR, medical experts recommend avoiding exposure, using sunscreens, donning hats, and covering up with clothing. Research on the solar‐protective value of clothing, however, still leaves many questions unanswered. This review of literature identifies the need for appropriate protection from the sun, especially for children, and the benefits of clothing as protection. The methods and difficulties associated with assessing the UVR protection and the definition of the sun protection factor (SPF) of clothing are outlined and discussed. Studies using in vivo, radiometric, and spectrophotometric methodologies to assess the UVR transmission throughfabrics are examined. Fabric variables, identified in the literature, that have beenfound to affect UVR transmission values are discussed.
Factors Associated with Emergency Food Recipient's Information Search
Authors: Xiao Jing J. , Malroutu Lakshmi , Olson Geraldine I.
Published: March 2007

Data from a survey of emergency food recipients conducted in a northwestern state were used to identify factors associated with recipient's information search behavior when they sought emergency food help. Results from logistic and general linear multiple regressions indicated that age, phone possession, family income, and household size influenced the use of interpersonal communication as information sources. Age, number of years in residence, television possession, food box usage food stamp usage, and working status affected the use of free‐food‐distributing agencies as information sources. The choice of other information sources differed by gender, life satisfaction status, food stamp usage family income, education, and household size. The use of media as information sources was affected by food box usage, education, life satisfaction status, and household size. Recipients who had more information sources were those who used more food boxes and food stamps, females, and those who had no telephones at home.
Generational Differences in the Meaning of Retirement from Farming
Authors: Marotz‐Baden Ramona , Keating Norah C. , Munro Brenda
Published: March 2007

Developmental stake theory posits that the parental generation will have a greater stake in the family and in family continuity than will their adult children. This research tested the effect of these differential stakes on the meaning of retirement for 365 members of the retiring generation and 276 members of the receiving generation currently farming together in Canada and the United States. The hypotheses that more of the retiring generation would say retirement from farming meant exit from management responsibility and more of the younger generation would say retirement from farming meant exit from ownership were supported. The hypothesis that more of the younger generation would say retirement meant exitfrom labor was not supported. Both generations had stakes in farming andfamily, but the older generation had a greater stake in family continuity. Differences in expectations are predicted to result in intergenerational tension. Implicationsfor practitioners and researchers are discussed.
Needs and Priorities in Balancing Paid and Family Work: A Gender and Social Class Analysis
Authors: Nichols Laurie Stenberg , Wanamaker Nancy , Deringer Nancy
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of gender and social class on perceptions of work‐family needs and priorities. The target population was allfull‐time, on‐campus employees (faculty and staff) of the University of Idaho. Medical information and supportive work environment surfaced as the most pressing work/family needs for all employees. Gender and social class were significant influences of work/family needs, with women and staff reporting greater work/family needs than men orfaculty. Employees report their work/family needs to be partially met in most areas. Supportive work environment emerged as the top priority to be addressed by the university for all groups. Numerous gender differences resulted in rating work/family priorities while only minor differences emergedfor social class. In all cases, women rated work/family concepts as higher priorities for the workplace than did men.
Theses and Dissertations Completed in Family and Consumer Sciences: 1994
Authors: Johnson Kim K. P. , Lee Mi‐Young
Published: March 2007

This article summarizes the 771 titles of theses and dissertations completed in family and consumer sciences in colleges and universities throughout the United States in 1994. The tables present information by institution and by subject matter.
Conceptualization and Measurement of Perceived Consumer Knowledge and Skills in Apparel Products: An Exploratory Study among College Students
Authors: Shim Soyeon , Dubey Smita
Published: March 2007

The objectives of this exploratory study were to delineate dimensions of perceived consumer knowledge and skills in apparel products and to conceptualize these dimensions by developing and testing a measurement model using LISREL confirmatory factor analysis. Based on a sample (N = 574) of college students, a 56‐item perceived consumer knowledge and skill inventory initially revealed 10 interpretable factors. These 10 factors were factored again, revealing three conceptual constructs that served as a basis for the development of a confirmatory factor analysis measurement model. The LISREL confirmatory factor analysis on the hypothesized measurement model revealed that (a) the four dimensions (Comparison Shopping Skills; Efficient, Value‐Oriented Shopping Skills; Shopping Planning Skills; and Information‐Gathering and Evaluation Skills) measure Efficient Shopping, (b) the two dimensions (e.g., Fabric Knowledge and Fashion Knowledge/Appearance Enhancement Skills) measure Product Knowledge, and (c) the three dimensions (Informed Consumers, Knowledge of Legal and Economic Consumer Issues, and Information Interpretation Skills) measure General Consumer Proficiency. It was concluded that perceived consumer knowledge and skills in apparel products were multidimensional and were conceptually classified into three main domains. Several implications for future studies are discussed.
Home was a Hole in the Ground: Memories of Oklahoma Dugouts
Authors: Richards Lynne
Published: March 2007

In the late nineteenth century, the U.S. government began opening parcels of land in the Oklahoma Territory for homesteading and settlers enthusiastically staked claims and built homes. During the 1930s, under a research program sponsored by the federal Works Progress Administration, 6,300 of those early residents were interviewed concerning their memories of territorial life. An analysis of the responses to those interviews provided descriptive information concerning territorial housing, including dugouts, or dwellings excavated into the earth. The results suggested that dugout construction varied according to characteristics of the landscape, availability of supplementary materials, size and needs of the family, urgency of the desire for shelter, and the skill and creativity of the builder. Oklahoma dugouts were constructed either by digging straight down into the ground or by digging horizontally into the face of a hill. Either type might be completely underground, or it might extend several feet above the ground, the upper portion being built of sod, logs, rock, or lumber. Floods, wild animals, snakes, and insects were a constant menace to Oklahoma dugout dwellers. However, the settlers found that dugouts were lifesaving structures during bitter territorial winters, prairie fires, and cyclones.
Attributions about Date Rape: Impact of Clothing, Sex, Money Spent, Date Type, and Perceived Similarity
Authors: Johnson Kim K. P.
Published: March 2007

This study was designed to investigate the independent and combined effects of clothing, sex of subject, money spent, type of date, and perceived similarity of female subjects to the victim on attributions made about a victim and a perpetrator of a date rape. A convenience sample of 703 college students participated (females = 518; males = 177; information missing = 8). Subjects were asked to read a vignette describing a date rape and to view a photograph of the victim. They were asked to make attributions concerning both the victim and the perpetrator. Males indicated to a greater extent than females that the victim wanted to have sexual intercourse. Males indicated to a greater extent than females that the victim led on the perpetrator. Subjects indicated a rape occurred to a lesser extent when the date was planned as compared to unplanned. Subjects indicated the perpetrator behaved violently to a greater extent when the date was unplanned as compared to planned. Females who indicated they were either like or not like the victim rated the victim higher on being able to do something to prevent the incident than did the females who were neutral. Females who indicated they were not like the victim indicated that the victim led the perpetrator on to a greater extent than those females who indicated they were neutral or like the victim. There were no significant findings related to clothing or money spent.
Parent Education in Popular Literature: 1972–1990
Authors: Bigner Jerry J. , Yang Raymond K.
Published: March 2007

Content analyses of popular literature have been performedfor data on child‐rearing advicefrom 1820 to 1970. This study extends these analyses from 1972 to 1990 and identifies main topics by writers and contemporary trends in advice giving about parenting. During this period, the primary topics of interest in three women's magazines were parent‐child relations (27%), the socialization of children (17%), and children's developmental stages (17%). Advocated childrearing practices included promoting androgynous parenting roles, taking a nonsexist approach to child rearing, adjusting to mothers' employment outside the home, helping children adjust to parental divorce, adopting a child‐rearing style that was authoritative in context and practice, avoiding the use of physical punishment with children and adopting more psychologically oriented methods, and enhancing communication skills within thefamily while discussing issues honestly with children. Implications are discussed in relation tofour themes emergingfrom the analysis of parenting advice in popular literature.
Multiple Roles, Balance Between Work and Leisure, and Satisfaction with Level of Living
Authors: Danes Sharon M.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among multiple role involvement, perceived discrepancy in the balance between work and leisure, and satisfaction with the level of living for 513farm women. A path analysis included role involvement, discrepancy, and satisfaction as dependent variables and self‐esteem, locus of control, age, and education as independent variables. Self‐esteem, locus of control, and age predicted role involvement; locus of control, age, and role involvement predicted discrepancy; role involvement, discrepancy, self‐esteem, and locus of control predicted satisfaction. Age and self‐esteem had an indirect effect on discrepancy mediated through role involvement. Self‐esteem, locus of control, age, and role involvement had an indirect effect on satisfaction mediated through discrepancy.
The Changing Marketplace in the Global Economy: Implications for Future Research
Authors: Shim Soyeon
Published: March 2007

The purpose ofthis article is to discuss directionsforfuture research in the consumer, merchandising, and retailingfield. The author believes thatfuture research programs should be driven in large part by technological, social, and economicfactors, and therefore briefly discusses Lester Thurow's thesis that five economicforces will shape tomorrow's world. In developing research questions, researchers are urged to frame issues in the context of a theoretical framework. Research ofthis sort will not only contribute to a pragmatic understanding of markets and consumers but also provide a theoretical basisfor assessing market dynamics.
Transcription Quality as an Aspect of Rigor in Qualitative Research
Authors: Poland Blake D.
Published: March 2007

The importance of ensuring that interview or focus group transcripts are close to "verbatim" accounts of what transpired is widely acknowledged, but seems more often a tacit assumption than an empirically verified assertion. In fact, there appears to have been rather little discussion in the literature regarding the need to routinely review the quality of transcripts before undertaking the analysis of textual data in qualitative research. Establishing the trustworthiness of the transcripts would appear to be a fundamental component of rigor in qualitative research, although it is rarely mentioned in this context. In this article, several potential sources and types of threats to transcrip tion quality are reviewed. A number of suggestions are made for minimizing (avoiding, detecting, and remedying) these, although it is acknowledged that "error" itselfis socially constructed and open to multiple interpretations. It is suggested that an assessment of the trustworthiness of transcripts be routine practice in qualitative research.
Framing the Debate: Ethical Research in the Information Age
Authors: Schrum Lynne
Published: March 2007

Qualitative researchers have always been concerned about using ethical practices, but this goal has become more difficult now that we are able to communicate with individuals around the world for social, professional, and educational purposes. The result is that researchers who study electronic communities or describe on-line communications must change their commonly used research tools and adapt their activities to these new environments. This article explores the possibilities of on-line research, frames the discussion of ethical issues by relating it to ethical qualitative practice, and offers suggestions for appropriate ways in which to use these tools. Through investigation and personal experience, this research demonstrates that little has been done thus far and calls for a debate on this topic. The article concludes with a set of guidelines for ethical electronic research.
Fiction and Ethnography: A Conversation
Authors: Richardson Laurel , Lockridge Ernest
Published: March 2007

This is Part 2 of a paper presented at the Couch-Stone conference in Houston, Texas, in February 1998. It is a conversation between Lockridge, a novelist, and Richardson, an ethnographer. The conversation considers: (a) the profound importance of initial and last encounters (for people, including ethnographers), and ways to represent those encoun ters ; (b) the understanding that an (inter)action has multiple symbolic meanings and ways to represent that understanding; (c) attention to the seemingly minor and marginal as mirrors of what we view as major and central; (d) the potential to envision a study in both its specificity and its generality; and (e) mystery as it appears in everyday interactions.
Turning the Kaleidoscope, Re-Visioning an Ethnography
Authors: Jones Stacy Holman
Published: March 2007

This article is a re-vision that the author began 2 years after writing an ethnography titled Kaleidoscope Notes: Writing Women's Music and Organizational Culture. This ethnography has taken up residence in her mind and heart. She is happy to have it there. However, there have always been questions lurking at edges of this happiness— questions about authorial positioning, questions about what it means to write an "alternative" ethnography. The publications process added other queries: How is she accountable to those she has written about and the people who will publish her work? How does she balance these obligations with the realities of revisions and deadlines? She wrote this article to provide some tentative answers to these uncomfortable questions. This article is a re-visioning that asks the author—and the reader—to consider these questions, to leave the safe structure of awareness for the shared and contested skin of experience.
Writing and Retelling Multiple Ethnographic Tales of a Soup Kitchen for the Homeless
Authors: Miller Dana L. , Creswell John W. , Olander Lisa S.
Published: March 2007

In this article, the authors narrate three tales about a soup kitchen for the homeless and near-homeless. The authors begin with the realist tale to provide a cultural, ethnographic analysis of the culture of the soup kitchen. The confessional tale emerged from the realist tale, as the authors reflected on their fieldwork experiences and shared their ethnographic study with their qualitative research classes. As the authors presented the study to social justice researchers after leaving the field, the critical tale emerged, leading the authors to interrogate their realist and confessional tales and consider the broader political, social, economic, and symbolic implications of their work. This text also describes how multiple ethnographic tales emerge and are further shaped by the retelling of those tales.
Sexism and Sexual Harassment
Authors: WHITSON MARIAN H.
Published: March 2007

This article is drawn from a larger research project that examined social issues identified by a select group of religiously active Black females. The research identifies sexism and sexual harassment as two primary concerns. Women proposed that before churches could appropriately address social injustices inflicted on women in society, they must first acknowledge and combat their prevalence within the church. Inclusion of women in decision-making processes in churches was proposed as an initial step toward improving the status of African American women in the community and in formulating relevant policies directed at minimizing such social injustices as sexism and sexual harassment, precursors to sexual violence.
Holding Men Accountable for Prostitution
Authors: MONTO MARTIN A.
Published: March 2007

The Sexual Exploitation Education Project (SEEP) of Portland, Oregon, is committed to making men more accountable for the persistence of prostitution by focusing attention on the customers who solicit sex from prostituted women. Under a cooperative agreement with the district court, men who are convicted of soliciting prostitution are required to participate in a weekend workshop conducted by SEEP, in which they are educated about the realities of the sex industry and its exploitative nature. Both men and women have been involved in the creation of SEEP and the facilitation of the weekend workshop. This article describes the perspectives that guide the project, the processes through which its unique workshop came into being, and the important and welcome ways that men are contributing to this issue and to this organization.
Rape by Acquiescence
Authors: BASILE KATHLEEN C.
Published: March 2007

In this article, the author examines women's processes of acquiescence to unwanted sex in marriage. Through analyses of 41 interviews with women who have experienced some form of unwanted sex in a marital or long-term intimate relationship, the author uncovers five types of acquiescence to unwanted sex and discusses the conditions under which women adopt a given type. This research extends Finkelhor and Yllo's nonphysical types of coercion to better understand the contexts in which women experience unwanted sex in marriage. It is argued that the processes and consequences of “giving in” to unwanted sex with an intimate have not been given as much scholarly attention as other forms of forced sex that have traditionally been identified as rape.
The Functional Diversity of Urban Neighborhoods
Authors: Warren Donald I.
Published: March 2007

This research stresses the multiplicity of ways neighborhoods perform important social functions. The focus on a specific set of neighborhood roles has both heuristic and practical significance. By delineating functions, discussions about the importance of neighborhood can avoid didactic concern with increase or decline in an ideal-typical sense. Instead, the relative presence or absence of given functions can be taken into account as well as the diversity of functions. Thus, a given neighborhood may be impor tant in performing one role but insignificant in terms of others; other neighborhoods may be functionally pluralistic. As local government and community groups become more earnest in cost-effective assessment of intervention strategies and limited resources, the difference between local neighborhoods is a critical variable.
An Examination of the Relationship between Corporate Spatial Organization, Restructuring, and External Contracting of Producer Services within a Metropolitan Region
Authors: Goe W. Richard
Published: March 2007

Urban analysts contend that a key process underlying the extensive growth of producer services industries in U.S. metropolitan areas is the external contracting of producer services functions by corporations. This practice has been linked to changes in the geographic scope of corporate activity and to corporate restructuring. Using data collected from a sample of headquarters of service sector firms located in the northeast region of Ohio, the relationship between indicators of the geographic scope of corporate activity, corporate restructuring, and external contracting of producer services is examined. Reliance on international markets by corporate headquarters was found to be most extensively related to their use of external contracting for producer services.
Business Participation in Economic Development Programs
Authors: Bachelor Lynn W.
Published: March 2007

Using data from surveys of businesses in Ohio metropolitan areas, the author investigates the limited impact of economic development programs. She identifies the similarities and differences between businesses that participated in these programs and those that had not received government assistance. Nonparticipants lacked information about types of assistance available, were concerned about procedural problems, and expressed negative attitudes toward government. She suggests that decreased reliance on requests for service and an emphasis on retention of existing firms will enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of economic development programs.
Megaphone Diplomacy in the Northern Irish Peace Process
Authors: Sparre Kirsten
Published: March 2007

In early 1994, British and Irish mainstream media were instrumental in facilitating an indirect dialogue between their governments and the Irish Republican movement about the terms on which Sinn Fein, the political wing of the Irish Republican Army, could be admitted into political talks. This article provides evidence of this practice (labeled “megaphone diplomacy”), shows how it works, and discusses the advantages of using such a channel during delicate negotiations. Interviews with journalists working in Northern Ireland show that the channel can work without the active awareness of journalists, but also that it is possible for journalists to strengthen the process and yet stay within the journalistic paradigm. The article concludes with an assessment of the contributions of the media dialogue to the wider peace process.
Lip-Reading, Draft-Dodging, and Perot-Noia
Authors: Koetzle Wm. , Brunell Thomas L.
Published: March 2007

We conducted a content analysis of 505 editorial cartoons drawn from a national sample of newspapers during the 1992 presidential campaign. Our analyses demonstrate that cartoons are less interested in policy and more concerned with candidate personalities and the nature of the campaign. In addition, negativity is the hallmark of editorial cartoon reporting. We find that there was no measurable advantage given to the incumbent in 1992. Furthermore, we did not find evidence that the partisan leanings of a newspaper significantly affected the nature of candidate evaluations in the paper's editorial cartoons. Finally, evaluations about the candidates' personal qualities are shown to be a central component in editorial cartoons.
Hussein as Enemy
Authors: Conners Joan L.
Published: March 2007

This article examines the representation of Saddam Hussein as the enemy in political cartoons of U.S. newspapers during the 1991 Persian Gulf crisis. Cartoon images represented Hussein as an aggressor or a criminal; they dehumanized him into a variety of animals, including spiders and birds. Such images may have aided in rallying support for U.S. participation in the Persian Gulf and the goal of stopping Saddam Hussein. George Bush was sometimes portrayed favorably or neutrally, but the majority of images portrayed him negatively as weak, indecisive, or impatient. Although political cartoons certainly portrayed Hussein as the enemy in the Persian GulfWar, they did not portray Bush as the hero of the war.
Beyond the Feel-Good Factor
Authors: McGregor Judy , Comrie Margie , Fountaine Susan
Published: March 2007

The promise of public journalism is that it makes politics “go well.” However, empirical evaluation of it has been fragmentary. The introduction of a new electoral system in New Zealand saw the print media experiment with the new model. In our study, we examined the journalistic interpretation of election campaign issues under the new circumstances and compared conventional coverage with the use of public journalism. The findings reveal that public journalism provided readers with a different, more constructive framing of political news.
On Nix's Theorem for Two Skew Dislocations in Anisotropic Elastic Half-Spaces and Bimaterials
Authors: Ting T. C.T. , Barnett D. M.
Published: March 2007

In the earlier papers, the net interaction force F between two skew dislocations with Burgers vectors b, b separated by a distance h in an infinite anisotropic elastic space, in a half space, or in a dissimilar bimaterial has been presented. In this paper, the authors employ Green's functions to obtain new explicit expressions of F. The new solutions provide new physical interpretations. The authors show that, for the infinite space and the half-space with a traction-free surface, F is independent of b2, b2 and that F = 0 if b or b is along the x2-axis. F is independent of the skew angle Oif the projections of b, b on the plane X2 = 0 lie along a pair of conjugate radii of an ellipse. For other half-spaces and bimaterials, F(on b) = 0 when b and b x v are along the x2-axis where v is the axial vector of a skew-symmetric matrix. Hence b is arbitrary if v = 0, which is the case for the half-space with a slippery surface and for certain bimaterials. F(on b) is independent of 0 when b is along the x2-axis and b is coplanar with v and the xi-axis. More physical interpretations are presented in the paper.
A Theory of Volumetric Growth for Compressible Elastic Biological Materials
Authors: Klisch Stephen M. , Van Dyke Timothy J. , Hoger Anne
Published: March 2007

A general theory of volumetric growth for compressible elastic materials is presented. The authors derive a complete set of governing equations in the present configuration for an elastic material undergoing a continuous growth process. In particular, they obtain two constitutive restrictions from a work-energy principle. First, the authors show that a growing elastic material behaves as a Green-elastic material. Second, they obtain an expression that relates the stress power due to growth to the rate of energy change due to growth. Then, the governing equations for a small increment of growth are derived from the more general theory. The equations for the incremental growth boundary-value problem provide an intuitive description of the quantities that describe growth and are used to implement the theory. The main features of the theory are illustrated with specific examples employing two strain energy functions that have been used to model biological materials.
On Mechanical Modeling of Dynamic Changes in the Structure and Properties of Adherent Cells
Authors: Humphrey J. D.
Published: March 2007

Over the past two decades, significant information has become available that reveals the fundamental role of mechanical factors in controlling the complex structure and function of many cell types. There is a pressing need, however, to synthesize these many observations via mathematical models, which have predictive capability and which suggest experiments that will provide increased insight and thus refinement of the models. In this paper, it is suggested that some of the salient mechanical behaviors exhibited by cells, including dynamic mechanosensitive changes therein, can be described using a simple constrained mixture model that has recently been proposed for describing tissue-level growth and remodeling. That is, strong similarities in structure-function relationships at multiple length scales—cell, tissue, and organ—may allow us to exploit common constitutive frameworks, which may prove advantageous in future attempts to model across the various scales.
On the Direct and Indirect Methods in the Theory of Elastic Plates
Authors: Constanda Christian
Published: March 2007

A comparison is made between various boundary integral equation methods in the theory of bending of elastic plates. Explicit representation formulae are established for some solutions in terms of others, and the version that is most useful for numerical computations is identified.
Nonlinear Travelling Waves in a Neo-Hookean Plate Subjected to a Simple Shear
Authors: Fu Yibin , Zheng Quanshui
Published: March 2007

Propagation of nonlinear travelling waves in a neo-Hookean plate subjected to a plane-strain simple shear is considered in this paper as a model problem for waves propagating along nonprincipal directions of stretch. The evolution equation for a monochromatic wave is derived with the aid of the virtual work method. We show that the coefficient of the nonlinear term in the evolution equation is real and that this is also true for general form of the strain energy function and prestress. Thus nonlinear travelling waves with constant amplitude and amplitude dependent velocity can propagate in such a prestressed plate. The effect of shear strain on the stability of such nonlinear travelling waves with respect to side-band perturbations is also studied. It is shown that a simple shear has a destabilizing effect.
West Virginia Senior and Disabled Assessment Pilot Project State Innovations: The Role of Technology in State Long-Term Care Reform
Authors: Chadwell Cathy
Published: March 2007

The West Virginia Health Care Authority is in the process of implementing a pilot project in several West Virginia counties to evaluate the appropriateness of a unique, computerized, and comprehensive assessment tool for West Virginia’s seniors and disabled populations. The pilot project objectives stem from West Virginia’s need to embrace a uniform assessment tool for entry into the long-term care system. The pilot includes four users from three home care service types, home health agencies, case management agencies, and county senior programs. The goal of the pilot is to expand the application of this innovative tool across the spectrum of services to build the necessary bridges between the acute and long-term care system. The results and recommendations that come from this cutting-edge project will provide efficient communication of confidential information across providers and enhanced clinical decision making to improve the quality of care delivered to each and every individual.
Wound Management in Home Care: Optimizing Outcomes with APRNs
Authors: Dubuc Debra
Published: March 2007

With the financial ramifications of the Prospective Payment System, many home care agencies are turning to advanced practice registered nurses who specialize in wound care to help provide the most up-to-date and efficient wound treatment possible. Individual patient consultation, educational programs for staff, clinical record audits, and committee memberships are just a few of the ways the wound care APRN can be beneficial to home health agencies. This has positive outcomes for the patients whose healing is accelerated and for the home health agency that reduces cost and provides clinical support for staff.
Preparing for a safer home health care visit
Authors: O'Boyle Mary Ellen
Published: March 2007

Allegheny Home Care and Hospice (AHC/H) is a hospital-based Medicare and Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAHO)-certified home health agency located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The parent institution for AHC/H is Allegheny General Hospital (AGH), a 700- plus bed tertiary care hospital located within city limits. Currently the office location for ap proximately 90 visiting staff members is located off campus from AGH. Service areas for the agency include urban, suburban, and rural settings. Reflecting our national concern focusing upon gang violence, the majority of safety issues recently capturing this region's attention is urban related. This article details actions and outcomes of AHC/H and a newly formed commu nity health and human services group from the Pittsburgh area. This organization has named itself Safe Access For Everyone (SAFE). Key words: communications tool, gang activity, home health care, safety, staff driven
Home-Based Psychiatric Services: A Continuum of Care for Hospitals, Home Health Care, Community Care, and Physicians
Authors: Spoelstra Sandra L. , Fitzgerald Martha
Published: March 2007

This article addresses the development and implementation of a home-based psychiatric (psych) program as a continuum of care in conjunction with hospital care and physician care. Psych patients experience a high level of anxiety and stress; home psych- program coordination offsets this by directing a seamless system of health care delivery. Psych patients can transition from one level of care to another with fewer problems. In the current environment of regulatory and reimbursement cutbacks, improved utilization of resources is imperative to ensure long-term viability of all health care settings. The ability to case manage psych patients by meeting their health care needs in the setting of care at the right point is essential.
Legal Issues in Managed Care Contracting: Home Health Care in the 1990s
Authors: Berliner Marie C.
Published: March 2007

This article addresses the legal issues and considerations relevant to managed care contracting. An increasing demand for high-quality health care services and competitive rates in a managed care setting and the continuing trend toward home health care underscore the need for home health agencies to become competitive players in the managed care market. Federal and state laws affect structural options for establishing managed care networks, the ability to conduct case management, to take risk, and to agree on certain contract terms. Medicare law ultimately affects the ability of home health agencies to generate profits in the managed care setting. Home health agencies should ensure that they are not unreasonably put at risk for outcomes beyond their control.
Smoking Assessment and Intervention: An Essential Part of Disease Treatment
Authors: Baer Carol Ann
Published: March 2007

Approximately 45.8 million Americans smoke. Smoking is a leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death. The Wellness Division of VNA Care Plus, recognizing the relationship between tobacco use and disease, now empowers smokers to progress toward cessation. It has adapted the National Cancer Institute Smoking Cessation Model for Primary Care Sites. The agency's assessment tool and benefits and barriers survey affecting tobacco use are included. The profile of smokers and "Tips for Treating Elder Smokers" are described. Recommendations include standardized protocol, consistent interventions from providers, and suggestions for further study.
When Documentation has Gone Astray: What to do to Get your Staff Back on Track
Authors: Terry Patricia
Published: March 2007

It is not unusual for organizations to have growing pains, especially following a period of rapid growth. These growing pains may appear in the form of documentation errors that are now starting to impact adversely the finances of the organization. This article is designed for quality managers, directors of clinical services, or any staff member with quality improvement interests or responsibilities. This article will provide the reader with examples of common documentation errors and ways to help staff appreciate the importance of their documentation. Two teaching tools are provided, as well as suggestions regarding ways to reward employees for their efforts.
Risk and the Press
Authors: Nelkin Dorothy
Published: March 2007

Press reporting is instrumental in creating public attitudes towards technological risk and related problems of health, and in shaping the policy agenda. This paper uses examples from the coverage of the health effects of dioxin, to explore some characteristics of risk reporting. It suggests how risk reporting reflects both, the constraints of journalism and the attitudes of scientists and industrial sources of information as they seek to manipulate press coverage of risk through increasingly sophisticated public relations.
The Chernobyl Disaster: An International Perspective
Authors: Fabrikant Jacob I.
Published: March 2007

The most important human issue in industrial crisis management remains the health and safety of people, both as individuals and of large populations at risk. The events of Three Mile Island, Bhopal, and Tylenol evolved—in large measure—as local or national crises, and responses to cope with these events were primarily local and national. In contrast, the catastrophic accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Soviet Ukraine elicited major international responses, particularly from Western European and American authorities, for a critical period before the Soviet Union admitted openly that an accident had occurred. While the event of Chernobyl signifi cantly affected a sizeable worker population and residents in the immediate vicinity, it had an adverse but lesser impact on the rest of the Soviet Union, Europe, Asia, and North America. This paper provides some background on the accident, examines how large amounts of radioactive materials were re leased into the environment, how they may have found their way into humans, how nations responded to the accident, and what some of the inter national implications for decision and policy making may be.
Corporate adjustments to catastrophe: a study of investor reaction to Bhopal
Authors: Marcus Alfred A. , Goodman Robert
Published: March 2007

This paper investigates the impact of managerial responses on stock market performance after a major industrial accident. In the Bhopal case, the market is largely driven by the accident itself, which severly depresses stock prices. Defensive managerial signals, in which the company denies that problems ex ist, attempts to lay to rest doubts about the firm's future ability to generate revenues and takes action to resume operations, tend to partially counter news of the event and to stabilize stock prices. Investors, on the other hand, react negatively to accommodative signals in which management accepts responsi bility for the accident and attempts to do something to remedy the situation. The tendency of some investors to buy large quantities of Union Carbide stock in anticipation of a takeover seems to be largely responsible for a strong re bound in stock prices that occurs within nine months of the Bhopal accident. This paper, which is on the boundary of strategic management, sociology and finance, is an empirical analysis of the impact of an organizational disaster on one firm's stock price. It also evaluates the company's effort to manage the crisis and points the way to future research.