bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of features and differences in PD-1 inhibitor-associated myocarditis and acute myocardial infarction using proteomic analysis
Authors: Luo Yuxi , Yi Yali , Xu Wenjie , Lu Zhiqin , Fang Haiyang , Huang Min , Xu Peng , Liu Anwen , Zeng Zhimin
Published: May 2024

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-related myocarditis is a rare but severe side effect that is often accompanied by elevated levels of cardiac troponin I, making it difficult to distinguish from acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Objective Our study aims to explore the differences in blood protein profiles between ICIs-related myocarditis and AMI, and to identify potential biomarkers.
Main measures:Patients diagnosed with either ICIs-related myocarditis or AMI were selected and matched with corresponding plasma samples based on potential confounding factors, including age, gender, smoking history, and chronic heart diseases. A label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) proteomics approach was employed to identify sensitive and specific protein molecules associated with ICIs-myocarditis. Further validation of these findings conducted in both patient and animal models of ICIs-related myocarditis and AMI.
Key results:We performed plasma proteomics on 15 plasma samples from 5 pairs of samples with ICIs-related myocarditis at ICIs treatment baseline and diagnosis, and 5 cases of AMI confirmed by coronary angiography. A total of 1521 plasma proteins were identified, with 1325 quantifiable plasma proteins across all 15 plasma samples. The ICIs-related myocarditis group showed differential expressed protein (DEPs) involved in myocardial contraction, proteasome, immunoregulation, NF kappa B signaling pathway, arginine and proline metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. We identified three potential plasma proteins linked to the onset of ICIs-related myocarditis, including MYOM3, Galectin-1, and CSF1, and utilized more AMI plasma samples, as well as animal models of ICIs-related myocarditis and AMI to further validate our findings.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that MYOM3, Galectin-1, and CSF1 are highly expressed in ICIs-related myocarditis compared with other groups by plasma proteomics analysis and subsequent validation experiments. These results have the potential to provide valuable predictive information for future clinical research.
Automated Hemorrhage Volume Quantification in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Sanchez Sebastian , Miller Jacob M , Jones Matthew T , Patel Rishi R , Sagues Elena , Dier Carlos , Gudino Andres , Vargas-Sanchez Ariel , Samaniego Edgar Andres
Published: May 2024

Background
The volume of hemorrhage is a critical factor in predicting outcomes following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Although grading scales such as the Fisher score are extensively used, their subjective nature can lead to inaccuracies in quantifying the total volume of blood. We analyzed a large cohort of patients with aSAH with an automated software for the precise quantification of hemorrhage volume. The primary aim is to identify clear thresholds that correlate with the likelihood of complications post-aSAH, thereby enhancing the predictive accuracy and improving patient management strategies.
Methods
An automated algorithm was developed to analyze non-contrast computed tomography scans of aSAH patients. The algorithm categorized tissues into blood, gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid, isolating the blood for volume quantification. Receiver operating curve analysis was done to establish thresholds for vasospasm, acute hydrocephalus, shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (SDH), and death within 7 days. Additionally, we determined if there is any relationship between the aneurysm size and the amount of hemorrhage.
Results
A total of 500 aSAH patients and their respective aneurysms were analyzed. Hemorrhage volume was significantly higher in patients with vasospasm (21.7 [10.9, 41.4] vs 10.7 [4.2, 26.9], p < 0.001), acute hydrocephalus (22.7 [9.2, 41.8] vs 5.1 [2.1, 13.5], p < 0.001), SDH (23.8 [11.3, 40.7] vs 11.7 [4.1, 28.2], p < 0.001), and those who died before 7 days (52.8 [34.6, 90.6] mL vs 14.8 [5.0, 32.4] mL, p < 0.001) compared to their counterparts. Notably, specific hemorrhage thresholds were identified for each complication: 15.16 mL for vasospasm (65% sensitivity and 60% specificity), 9.95 mL for acute hydrocephalus (74% sensitivity and 69% specificity), 16.76 mL for SDH (63% sensitivity and 60% specificity), and 33.84 mL for death within 7 days (79% sensitivity and 77% specificity).
Conclusion
Automated blood volume quantification tools could aid in stratifying complication risk after aSAH. Established thresholds for hemorrhage volume related to complications could be used in clinical practice to aid in management decisions.
Short-term continuous monocropping reduces Curcuma kwangsiensis yield mainly via altering soil pH and Microbial community
Authors: Huang Yuan , Zhigang Yan , Wei Lin , Shugen Wei , Yingying Liu , Zhanjiang Zhang , Lijun Shi
Published: May 2024

Pursose
In order to investigate the effects of short-term continuous monocropping on rhizosphere soil of Curcuma kwangsiensis (C. kwangsiensis) and establish a theoretical foundation for the conservation of the soil ecological environment as well as the future sustainable development of the C. kwangsiensis cultivation industry.
Methods
This study examined how short-term continuous monocropping affected the physicochemical characteristics, enzyme activities and microbial community of the rhizosphere soil of C. kwangsiensis. Rhizosphere soil samples were taken from C. kwangsiensis that had been planted for 1 (Y1) and 2 years (Y2). The soil before planting was used as the control (Y0). The microbial community structure in the rhizosphere soil was studied using a high-throughput analysis.
Results
The results showed that the yield of C. kwangsiensis in Y2 was 58.38% of that in Y1. The soil pH decreased; soil nutrients accumulated, and the activities of soil enzymes increased initially and then decreased with continuous cropping. Continuous cropping produced a relatively high abundance and diversity of bacterial and fungal species. Continuous cropping resulted in a significantly higher relative abundance of Planctomycetota as the dominant bacterial phylum, while the relative abundances of Ciliophora and Cercozoa as the dominant fungal phyla were also significantly higher. The pH was the most important factor that affected the microbial community composition.
Conclusion
The continuous monocropping of C. kwangsiensis reduced the soil pH and altered the physicochemical properties and activities of enzymes in the soil, which resulted in a decrease in the proportion of bacteria. This finding explains the decline in C. kwangsiensis production and provides a potential remedy for growers.
Decentralized Collaborative Filtering for Distributed Hash Tables
Authors: Shukla Krishna
Published: May 2024

We implement a decentralized method for collaborative filtering via matrix factorization that can rest on peer-to-peer Distributed Hash Table architectures like Pastry and Chord, for the purpose of realizing a scalable and robust decentralised search engine. We begin by introducing a centralized method for matrix factorization that involves minimizing a cost function consisting of the ratings and user and item latent factors. We introduce biases and then derive the gradients for the error update step. We then introduce gossip learning; a matrix-factorization based collaborative filtering approach for a decentralized network. Since we could not obtain a dataset of browsing activity of users where the rating would constitute the number of times a website is visited, we used a dataset of movie ratings to test our method. This preserves the user and item biases and provides user-item ratings for rating to latent factor error computation. We performed a train-test split and loaded the training and validation set onto each node separately. This method is then tested using the PeerSim peer-to-peer network simulator to obtain the best learning rate $\eta$, regularization parameter $\lambda$ and latent factors $k$ for a $10,000$ node peer-to-peer network. The optimization metric used is the Root Mean Squared Error measuring the discrepancy between the ratings in the validation set and their respective predictions by model updates on the training set at each node. We found that by the fortieth cycle of the PeerSim simulator, the training set is fully distributed across each node. The best performing parameter setting over our $63$ experiment runs has learning rate $\eta = 0.001$, regularization parameter $\lambda = 1$ and latent factors $k = 20$. These settings are then built into a basic working prototype of a Pastry algorithm based peer-to-peer distributed search engine with message passing tested for $50$ nodes.
Unlocking Potential: Temperature-Driven Morphology and Electrolyte Influence on Chemical Free Pine Apple Peel-Derived Amorphous Carbon for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Shadap Matbiangthew , Joseph Vinofia. S , Subbiah Kavitha , Suryakanth J. , Ayyasamy Sakunthala
Published: May 2024

In this study, we present a novel approach to synthesizing amorphous carbon from agricultural waste, specifically pineapple peel, for electrochemical energy storage applications. The research emphasizes the critical role of calcination temperature and the subsequent interplay with different electrolytes (basic, neutral, and acidic) to tailor the material’s properties for improved performance. Controlled calcination at varying temperature of 400, 500, and 600◦C yielded samples named PAC400, PAC500, and PAC600, respectively, with PAC500 demonstrating the most favourable electrochemical properties. The calcination temperature was found to be pivotal in determining the material’s structural and functional characteristics. PAC500, in particular, exhibited an optimal balance of morphological structure and functional groups that facilitated enhanced charge storge and energy density, especially when interfaced with acidic electrolytes. Comprehensive characterization through XRD and FTIR affirmed the amorphous nature of the carbon and the presence of electrochemically active functional groups. Electrolyte selection proved to be a determining factor in the material’s capacitive behaviour, with each electrolyte types bringing forth distinct capacitance and energy density profiles. PAC500 consistently showed good performance in all the electrolyte system, and outperformed in acidic media due to the optimal interaction between the electrolyte ions and the tailored surface chemistry of the carbon. The insight from this research highlights the influence of calcination temperature in modifying the physical and chemical characteristics of carbon materials derived from biomass, without the need for additional porosity-enhancing treatments. The results contribute to a greener pathway for producing advanced materials for energy storage, reinforcing the potential of agricultural by-products in crafting next generation energy solution.
Global glomerulosclerosis proportions above 10% predict nephropathy progression in IgA Nephropathy: a multicenter retrospective analysis with propensity score matching
Authors: Zou Wen-li , Liu Yue-ming , Xu Bai-hui , Wu Juan , Shen Wei , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jia-wei , Meng Yao , Zhu Yan , Yu Jing-ting , Gong Jian-guang , Shen Xiao-gang , Zhu Bin
Published: May 2024

We evaluated the prognostic effect of Global glomerulosclerosis (GS) in the patients with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). In this three-center retrospective study, A total of 1626 IgAN patients were recruited and divided into two groups(GS1 and GS2) based on the median of GS proportion in the study population. The results revealed that, higher GS proportions was associated with higher age, increased amounts of urine protein, decreased eGFR, higher level of serum IgA and C4, lower level of serum IgM, as well as higher score of M, S, T according the Oxford MEST-C classification, and more likely to undergo corticosteroids or RAS blockade therapy. Both in the full and matched cohort, higher GS proportions were found to be independent prognostic factors for the renal survival via Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Additionally, the multivariate Cox regression models identified higher proteinuria, decreased eGFR, higher score of T, higher GS proportions as independent prognostic factors for poor renal outcomes and corticosteroids therapy was a protective indicator of renal outcomes. Lastly, the prediction model based on these prognostic factors were validated to be accurately predict the renal outcome when including GS proportions.
Construction of Functional Covalent Organic Framework Films by Modulator-Solvent Induced Polymerization
Authors: Huo Fengwei , Li Xuerong , Ji Xingyue , Zhang Xinglong , Chen Xinyi , Li Hongfeng , Zhang Suoying , Zhang Weina
Published: May 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are attractive candidates for the next generation films in technical applications. However, due to their crystallization nature, insolubility in common solvents as well as infusible at high temperatures make it challenging to grow them spontaneously or process them into films. Herein, we report an efficient strategy to fabricate COF films based on a modulator-solvent induced polymerization process. The addition of modulator slows down the nucleation rate during the initial stages of COF growth, resulting in the formation of fluidic precursors that are easy to process. Subsequently, a suitable drying process is introduced to balance the evaporation rate of solvent and the crystallization rate of modulator induced, resulting in the formation of COF films with a mixture of amorphous and crystalline structures. This strategy is universal for the fabrication of several types of COF films with large-scale and freestanding state. Moreover, COF films with asymmetric structure can function as organic vapor-triggered actuators, offering excellent repeatability and reversibility. By introducing functional molecules such as fluorescence, chirality and catalyst during the nucleation process, versatile functional COF films can be easily fabricated, which endow them with broader application prospects.
NOSTRIN is an emerging negative regulator of decompensated cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Vairappan Balasubramaniyan , S Ravikumar T , Ram Amit Kumar , Mohan Pazhanivel , Pottakkat Biju
Published: May 2024

Background and aims: Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in a cirrhotic liver contributes to high intrahepatic vascular resistance (IHVR) and portal hypertension (PHT). Nostrin is an inhibitory protein of NO synthesising enzyme endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), shown to increase in cirrhosis with PHT, however, the precise molecular mechanism is poorly documented. This study aimed to elucidate the role of Nostrin and associated derangement in hepatic NO generation in cirrhotic liver. Further, we investigate whether Nostrin could be a biomarker in the progression of cirrhosis. Methods: The study was conducted in sixty healthy subjects and 120 cirrhotic patients (both compensated and decompensated) to analyze the blood Nostrin, cGMP and cytokine levels. In addition, liver tissue samples collected from cirrhotic patients were used for the analysis of gene and protein expression of Nostrin, eNOS and inflammatory markers.
Results:When compared to healthy controls, systemic levels of Nostrin and cGMP were elevated in compensated cirrhosis. In decompensated cirrhosis, further robust increases in Nostrin and cGMP were noted. Furthermore, hepatic Nostrin expression was considerably higher whilst reduced eNOS activity and hepatic cGMP levels in cirrhotic liver compared to control liver. Hepatic iNOS and NF kB protein expression were significantly increased in cirrhotic liver compared to control liver.
Conclusions: In decompensated cirrhotic patients, a robust increase in hepatic Nostrin expression was associated with inflammation and thus, reduced eNOS activity with concomitant local NO generation. Furthermore, Blood Nostrin concentration was higher and parallel to disease severity and could be a key diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cirrhotic patients with exacerbated PHT.
Observed changes in rainfall extremes and current trends in Gandhinagar, Gujarat
Authors: Kalyan Sandeep , Pathak Bhawana
Published: May 2024

Climate change has drastically impacted rainfall distribution and patterns over the globe in recent decades. Developing countries such as India have experienced severe floods and erratic rainfall causing socio-economic and hydrological misbalance. Thus examining rainfall extreme indices plays a vital role in sustainable disaster management and strategies. This study analysed spatio-temporal trends and variation in rainfall extremes using Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) observed gridded data (0.25° × 0.25°) for 1991–2022 for Gandhinagar district of Gujarat. Mann-Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope estimator were used for the statistical significance test. Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) defined selected rainfall extreme indices have been calculated for yearly and decadal scales. Results indicated a non-significant increase in rainfall however a decrease in pre-monsoon while an increase in post-monsoon months has been observed. Though consecutive dry days (CDD) have decreased therefore an increase in moderate and extreme rainy days has been found. Days having extreme rainfall (R30mm) exhibit a positive relation with maximum rainfall in consecutive five days (Rx5day). The outcomes of the study highlight the significance of extreme indices variability which may pose a grave risk to sustainable development, ecosystem, water resources, human health and agriculture and can be used for policy planning and mitigation strategies.
Monitoring the Quality Parameters of Mango Juices Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Sabir Kokab , Ahmad Naveed , Ali Hina
Published: May 2024

The potential of fluorescence spectroscopy has been effectively utilized to assess and analyze commercially available mango juice samples, enabling their characterization and differentiation based on their unique fluorescence signatures. These fluorescence emission spectra exhibit distinct and pronounced peaks at wavelength of 445, 469, 522, 545, 580, 634, 674 and 772 nm indicating the presence of various fluorophores including water content, beta carotene, tartrazine color and components of chlorophyll. Adulteration effects were analyzed by the addition of water and food color in the original pulp. Furthermore, thermal effects on the molecular composition of mango pulp are presented. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been utilized for the characterization of different brands of commercially available mango juices for the greater understanding. The analysis classified mango juice brands into two main clusters, with some juices scattered separately, indicating variations in mango pulp content and adulteration. The clustering patterns correlated with label information, particularly regarding water and mango pulp percentages. Additionally, PCA revealed that the amount of chlorophyll and carotenoid was a significant determinant in the classification of mango juice samples. In general, fluorescence emission spectroscopy along with PCA proved to be successful in classifying mango juice brands according to their spectral characteristics, offering information on composition and quality.
Hypo-osmotic stress shifts transcription of circadian genes
Authors: Qifti Androniqi , Adeeko Ayobami , Rennie Maddie , McGlaughlin Elizabeth , McKinnon David , Rosati Barbara , Scarlata Suzanne
Published: May 2024

Cells respond to hypo-osmotic stress by initial swelling followed by intracellular increases in the number of osmolytes and initiation of gene transcription that allow cells to adapt to the stress. Here, we have studied the genes that change expression under mild hypo-osmotic stress for 12 and 24 hours in rat cultured smooth muscle cells (WKO-3M22). We find shifts in the transcription of many genes, several of which are associated with circadian rhythm, such as per1, nr1d1, per2, dbp, and Ciart. To determine whether there is a connection between osmotic stress and circadian rhythm, we first subjected cells to hypo-osmotic stress for 12 hours, and find that Bmal, a transcription factor whose nuclear localization promotes transit through the cell cycle, localizes to the cytoplasm, consistent with cell cycle arrest. Bmal nuclear localization recovers after 24 hours and cell cycle resumes even though the osmotic stress remains elevated. We postulated that osmotic force is transmitted into the cell by deforming membrane domains called caveolae, which releases one of its structural proteins, cavin-1, which can travel to the nucleus and affect gene transcription. In support of this idea, we find that Bmal localization becomes independent of osmotic stress with cavin-1 down-regulation, and Bmal localization is independent of osmotic stress in a cell line that lacks caveolae. These studies indicate that osmotic stress transiently arrests cell cycle progression through caveolae deformation.
Clinical Experience with a New, Non-Acidified Liquid Human Milk Fortifier in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.
Authors: Moya Fernando , Fowler Jennifer , Florens Adrian , Frank Kirsten , Dombrowski Jennifer , Davis Olivia , Blanks Tiffony , Gratton Austin
Published: May 2024

Objective
To compare nutritional outcomes among infants receiving a new non-acidified liquid human milk fortifier (NALHMF) or an acidified liquid human milk fortifier (ALHMF).
Study Design:
Retrospective, multicenter study including 515 VLBW infants. Primary outcome was growth velocity during fortification. Student’s t, ANOVA, Wilcoxon, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for numeric variables, or, chi-squared and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Growth velocity between groups was compared with repeated measures regression.
Results
242 and 273 infants received ALHMF and NALHMF, respectively, with no demographic differences between the groups. Growth velocity during fortification was significantly higher in the group receiving NALHMF, despite similar total fluid or calorie intake. Metabolic acidosis was diagnosed less frequently with the NALHMF, with marked differences between centers.
Conclusion
Fortification of human milk using the new NALHMF resulted in faster growth velocity during fortification and less metabolic acidosis compared with feeding human milk fortified with an ALHMF.
Pediatric Surgery Collaboration in Uganda, the Benefits of Long Term Partnerships at Regional Referral Hospitals
Authors: Klazura Greg , Kayima Peter , Situma Martin , Musinguzi Edwin , Mugarura Robert , Nyonyintono James , Yap Ava , Cope James , Akello Richard , Kiwanuka Emmanuel , Odonkara Moses , Okellowange Chelsea , Adongpiny Jennifer , Lakwanyero Daniels , Atim Patricia , Cadrine Aber Patience , Olara Joshua , Boppana Amulya , Laverde Ruth , d'Agostino Sergio , Cigliano Bruno , Ozgediz Doruk , Sims Thomas , Kisa Phyllis
Published: May 2024

Background: In 2022 there were only seven pediatric surgeons in Uganda, but approximately 170 are needed. Consequently, Ugandan general surgeons treat most pediatric surgical problems at regional hospitals. Accordingly, stakeholders created the Pediatric Emergency Surgery Course, which teaches rural providers identification, resuscitation, treatment and referral of pediatric surgical conditions. In order to improve course offerings and better understand pediatric surgery needs we collected admission and operative logbook data from four participating sites. One participating site, Lacor Hospital, rarely referred patients and had a much higher operative volume. Therefore, we sought to understand the causes of this difference and the resulting economic impact.
Methods: Over a four-year period, data was collected from logbooks at four different regional referral hospitals in Uganda. Patients < 18 years old with a surgical diagnosis were included. Patient LOS, referral volume, age, and case type were compared between sites and DALYs were calculated and converted into monetary benefit.
Results: Over four sites, 8,615 admissions, and 5,457 cases were included. Lacor patients were younger, had a longer length of stay, and were referred less. Additionally, Lacor’s long-term partnerships with a high-income country institution, a missionary organization, and visiting Ugandan and international pediatric surgeons were unique. In 2018, the pediatric surgery case volume was: Lacor (967); Fort Portal (477); Kiwoko (393); and Kabale (153), resulting in a substantial difference in long-term monetary health benefit.
Conclusion: Long-term international partnerships may advance investments in surgical infrastructure, workforce, and education in low- and middle-income countries. This collaborative model allows stakeholders to make a greater impact than any single institution could make alone.
The serum metabolic profile plays a role in mediating the regulatory impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on susceptibility to obesity in mice
Authors: Huang Jingrong , Chen Baoting , Wen Yuhang , Luo Yadan , Lv Shuya , Qiu Hao , Chen Huanxin , He Lvqin , Feng Baochun , Yu Zehui , Zhao Mingde , Yang Qian , He Manli , Xiao Wudian , Zou Xiaoxia , Lu Ruilin , Gu Congwei
Published: May 2024

Obesity is a multifaceted health concern that is impacted by genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors, with varying levels of individual susceptibility. Research has identified distinct physiological characteristics among individuals with differing susceptibilities to obesity. Prior research has demonstrated notable variances in gut microbiota and gut metabolites between obesity-prone (OP) individuals and those obesity-resistance (OR). However, the potential impact of these differences on serum metabolites remains uncertain, as does the potential role of serum metabolite changes in influencing susceptibility to obesity. We performed non-targeted metabolomic analysis on serum samples from OP and OR mice. Subsequently, correlation analysis was conducted on the data pertaining to serum metabolites, gut microbiota, gut metabolites, obesity-related physiological indicators, among other factors. This study aimed to investigate the association between alterations in serum metabolites and gut microbiota and metabolites in OP and OR mice, as well as to examine the impact of serum metabolites on susceptibility to obesity. Our research demonstrates that following HFD, gut 8Z,11Z,14Z-Eicosatrienoic acid (ESA) and gut Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can impact lipid levels through the regulation of serum Arachidonic acid (AA) and serum EPA. EPA also influences the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, resulting in increased lipid accumulation. Moreover, Ruminiclostridium_9 exacerbates levels of serum saturated fatty acids and serum AA by decreasing EPA. Additionally, gut Hydroxybenzoic acid influences susceptibility to lipid accumulation by elevating serum Choline levels. These alterations contribute to the development of susceptibility to obesity, indicating that variations in serum metabolites play a significant role in susceptibility disparities, with the serum metabolites being influenced by gut microbiota and gut metabolites.
Establishment and validation of a prognostic model based on grouping of vasculogenic mimicry-related genes in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhao Xueyuan , Jia Yan , Wen Weijia , Shao Caixia , Zou Qiaojian , Chen Linna , Jiang Hongye , Yang Guofen , Wang Wei , Zhang Chunyu , Yao Shuzhong
Published: May 2024

Background
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a vascular-like microcirculatory delivery system directly formed by tumor cells. It plays significant roles in tumor invasion and resistance to antiangiogenic drugs. However, there is no model based on VM for ovarian cancer (OC) prognosis.
Results
The occurrence and progression of OC is associated with vasculogenic mimicry-related genes (VMGs) interactions in a cellular network. The prognostic VMGs can distinguish between two subgroups with significantly different prognoses. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the subgroups suggest that certain signaling pathways and cellular functions are involved in the formation or promotion of VM. Based on filtered DEGs, a prognostic model was constructed and demonstrated outstanding performance in internal and external validations. The model results do not affect the distribution of clinical features and can be used to construct a nomogram. There are differences in immune cell composition and immune infiltration between the high-risk group and the low-risk group. Differences also exist in their resistance and sensitivity to certain drugs. Finally, subgroups analysis demonstrated differences in ovarian cancer VM structures which may be associated with different expressions of VMGs and VM-related prognostic indices (VMRPI).
Conclusions
VM may play a crucial role in the development and tumor immune microenvironment of serous ovarian cancer. VMRPI holds promise as a valuable prognostic biomarker. This is the first time that it is used to identify high risk OC patients with ovarian cancer and may indicate responsiveness to specific drug treatments.
Understanding maternal mortality: A multifaceted analysis of demographic, temporal, and contextual factors
Authors: Khan Noor Ullah , Asif Nida , Miraj Muhammad Arqam , Khalid Hamza , Awan Talha Bin , Khan Maaz Ahmed , Khalid Nimra , Khan Muneeb Ullah , Safi Sidequllah
Published: May 2024

Background
Maternal mortality remains a significant public health challenge globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the factors contributing to maternal deaths is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study aimed to comprehensively analyse demographic, temporal, and contextual factors associated with maternal mortality using the three-delay model framework.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of secondary data from the Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey 2018–19 was conducted. The data were extracted from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey Verbal Autopsy dataset. Descriptive statistics and stratified analyses were performed to assess demographic characteristics, the timing of maternal deaths, and delays in care-seeking behavior.
Results
The study included 1,177 maternal deaths, with a mean age of 34 years. The majority of deaths occurred in health facilities (93.4%), primarily due to direct obstetric causes such as hemorrhage and sepsis. Delays in decision-making (mean delay: 3.81 days), accessing care (mean delay: 3.74 hours), and receiving treatment (mean delay: 7.58 minutes) were observed. Notably, 56.2% of deaths occurred within 42 days postpartum. The reasons for delays included financial constraints, geographical challenges, and resource limitations.
Conclusions
Addressing maternal mortality requires a multifaceted approach that targets sociodemographic disparities and healthcare system deficiencies. Efforts should focus on improving access to timely and quality maternal healthcare services, addressing contextual barriers, and strengthening health systems. Tailored interventions based on the Three Delays Model can contribute to reducing maternal mortality and improving maternal health outcomes in low-resource settings.
Game-Theoretic Implications for Uncovering the Effects of Virtual Tipping in Complex User Networks
Authors: Ueki Shintaro , Toriumi Fujio , Sugawara Toshiharu
Published: May 2024

Consumer-generated media (CGM), including social live streaming service (SLSS), often incorporate gamification elements to engage users. Online virtual tips and gifts, such as ”bits” in Twitch, exemplify this approach by fostering interactive dynamics between live streamers and their audience. However, issues remain in understanding the impact of (virtual) tips on user behavior and how platform commissions, which are partly collected from the tips provided by other users, influence the platform’s overall revenue and user behavioral strategies. This study considers a CGM/SLSS platform, such as Twitch, as a variation of the public goods game and proposes a game-theoretical model integrated with a platform-mediated tipping system with a certain commission rate. In experiments , the proposed model was applied to artificial and actual SLSS networks, demonstrating that the influence of a tipping system on user behavior is significant , impacting the motivation for live streaming and the effort to improve its quality. Depending on individual preferences for psychological or monetary reward, the commission rate is determined by the platform depending on the users’ network positions, such as the degree of connectivity, which corresponds to the number of followers/followees in SLSS networks. Our findings offer valuable insights into the design and management of SLSS platforms and further suggest that there may be an appropriate commission rate to maximize platform revenue.
Can overweight/obesity be prevented among drinkers by appropriately modifying breakfast habits? A national cross-sectional study
Authors: He Feiying , Fu Rong , Zhang Xingran , Zhai Jingbo , Huang Zhixiang , Wu Yibo , Shi Lei
Published: May 2024

Purpose Alcohol consumption is a significant factor in obesity, yet the effects of different drinking habits and breakfast intake on the body weight of this population are still controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between breakfast habits and overweight/obesity among individuals who consumed alcohol.
Methods Data for the study were collected from the 2022 Psychological and Behavioral Survey of Chinese Residents Research (PBICR), which employed a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to balance any disparities in the distribution of demographic characteristics. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between alcohol consumption and overweight/obesity.
Results Ourstudy revealed that individuals who consumed alcohol regularly had a greater risk of being overweight/obese than did former drinkers (OR=1.150, 95% CI=1.003, 1.318). Furthermore, the risk of overweight/obesity was greater among those who preferred spirits than among those who preferred beer (OR=1.655, 95% CI=1.441, 1.900). Notably, consistent alcohol drinkers who consumed breakfast three to four times a week were less likely to be overweight/obese than those who consumed breakfast daily (OR=0.595, 95% CI=(0.405,0.874). Additionally, individuals who consumed three types of breakfast per meal exhibited a greater risk of overweight/obesity than did those who consumed one type or less of breakfast per meal (OR=1.642, 95% CI=1.070, 2.522).
Conclusion Among all drinking populations, those who consistently consume alcohol and drink spirits are at a greater risk of being overweight or obese. Furthermore, eating breakfast three to four times a week was found to be a protective factor against overweight/obesity, whereas consuming certain types of breakfast regularly was identified as a risk factor for overweight/obesity.
Discovery of a New Class of Cell-Penetrating Peptides by Novel Phage Display Platform
Authors: Liu Jinsha , Heddleston John , Perkins Douglas Raymond , Chen Jack Jia Hua , Ghanbarpour Ahmadreza , Smith Bill William , Miles Rebecca , Aihara Eitaro , Afshar Sepideh
Published: May 2024

The primary hurdles for small interference RNA (siRNA) in clinical use are targeted and cytosolic delivery. To overcome both challenges, we have established a novel platform based on phage display, called NNJA. In this approach, a lysosomal cathepsin substrate is engineered within the flexible loops of PIII, that is displaying a unique random sequence at its N-terminus. NNJA library selection targeting cell-expressed targets should yield specific peptides localized in the cytoplasm. That is because phage internalization and subsequent localization to lysosome, upon peptide binding to the cell expressed target, will result in cleavage of PIII, rendering phage non-infective. Such phage will be eliminated from the selected pool and only peptide-phage that escapes lysosomes will advance to the next round. Proof of concept studies with the NNJA library demonstrated cytosolic localization of selected peptide-phage and peptide-siRNA, confirmed through confocal microscopy. More importantly, conjugation of siHPRT to monomeric or multimeric NNJA peptides resulted in significant reduction in HPRT mRNA in various cell types without significant cytotoxicity. Sequence similarity and clustering analysis from NGS dataset provide insights into sequence composition facilitating cell penetration. NNJA platform offers a highly efficient peptide discovery engine for targeted delivery of oligonucleotides to cytosol.
A Bipartite Network Analysis of International Trade Volatility
Authors: Schoeneman John , Brienen Marten , Lambert Lixia , Lambert Dayton
Published: May 2024

This study examines the unprecedented global trade disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and their propagation through international supply chains. By analyzing monthly data for 75 countries across 1,260 product categories, we find that declining trade disruptions are more concentrated than surge disruptions, indicating a broader impact of negative shocks on global trade. Our findings also suggest that disruptions in export flows tend to have a greater effect than those in imports, and that trade disruptions within a given commodity are more likely to spread to other countries trading in that same commodity rather than to other commodities traded by the same country. These insights offer valuable lessons for firms and policymakers seeking to mitigate the effects of future exogenous shocks on global markets and supply chains.
A UVC photodetector based on Mg-doped ZnO film
Authors: Ren Bowen , Zhai Jiawei , Song Jinhui
Published: May 2024

The solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) can find extensive applications in fire prevention, ozone hole monitoring, navigation, and more, for the advantage of no solar background radiation in the UVC band (200-280 nm) at the earth's surface. However, most of the UVC PDs reported in recent years, including gallium oxide PDs, zinc oxide-based PDs, and aluminum nitride PDs, suffer from the complex and costive fabrication process, which requires high-temperature material fabrication and high fabrication costs. Here, we report a UVC PD composed of magnesium-doped zinc oxide (MgZnO) photosensitive functional material via a simple low-temperature sol-gel fabrication method. In the study, firstly, the synthesizing method of the MgZnO photosensitive functional layer is systematically investigated. Then, the optical bandgap change of MgZnO with the doped Mg concentrations is explored. The physical model of the relationship between the Mg-doped concentrations and the optical bandgap of the MgZnO photosensitive functional layer is established by spectroscopic methods. Based on the doping study, a highly responsive MgZnO UVC PD has been designed and fabricated. The MgZnO UVC PD shows a response bandwidth of 200 nm-280 nm, a high responsivity of 108 mA/W, and rise and fall times as low as 0.4 s and 2.4 s, respectively. The work reported here may open an easy, low-cost route for developing UVC PDs.
The role of body composition in neurological and hematologic toxicity in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The COMBOTOX study
Authors: Leone Alba Di , Filippone Alessio , Maggiore Claudia , Rossi Maria Maddalena , Rossi Cristina , Micco Annalisa Di , Forcina Lucia , Franco Antonio , Ionta Lucia , Fabi Alessandra , Paris Ida , Scardina Lorenzo , Sanchez Alejandro Martin , Pafundi Pia Clara , Franceschini Gianluca , Masetti Riccardo , Magno Stefano
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has a well estabilished role in locally advanced or chemoresponsive breast cancers (BC). Chemotherapic regimens are effective when patients receive the optimal doses. Toxicities are common in overweight/obese patients but may occur also in normal weight counterparts. This lead to delays, reductions or discontinuation of treatment, with impact on outcomes. Current dosing is based on body weight and predicted Body Surface Area (BSA). These parameters do not take into consideration the individual variations of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) that affect pharmacokinetics. Assessment of body composition (BoCo), rather than Body Mass Index (BMI), could help to better plan chemotherapy and reduce drug-related toxicities. Our aim was to analyze the correlations between body weight, anthropometric measures, BoCO and toxicities related to NAC in non metastatic BC patients.
Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study that includes 120 consecutive BC patients undergoing NAC, enrolled between May 2018 and December 2020. All patients received an evaluation of anthropometric parameters (height, weight, waist and hip circumference, BMI) and an assessment of BoCo using Segmental Multi Frequency-Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.
Results: A logistic regression models confirmed that a higher FM was associated with a higher rate of neurological and hematological toxicities in protocols containing Platinum. Moreover, patients with a low FFM% have a higher risk for hematologic toxicity in protocols containing Platinum.
Conclusion: A routinary assessment of BoCo, in addition to evaluation of anthropometric measures and BMI, could allow to personalize chemotherapy doses, in order to reduce chemotherapy-related toxicities.
Detection of autochthonous virus strain responsible for the recent outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in North Macedonia, July to August 2023
Authors: Jakimovski Dejan , Banović Pavle , Spasovska Katerina , Rangelov Goran , Cvetanovska Marija , Cana Fadil , Simin Verica , Bogdan Ivana , Mijatović Dragana , Cvetkovikj Aleksandar , Djadjovski Igor , Christova Iva , Meletis Eleftherios , Kostoulas Polychronis , Zana Brigitta , Lanszki Zsófia , Görföl Tamás , Tauber Zsófia , Kemenesi Gabor
Published: May 2024

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a severe illness transmitted by ticks and infectious body fluids, characterized by fever, hemorrhagic syndrome, and high fatality rates. This study investigates the recent outbreak of CCHF in North Macedonia, where cases had not been reported for over 50 years, aiming to elucidate factors contributing to its re-emergence and inform public health strategies. Through a multidisciplinary approach encompassing epidemiological, clinical, and molecular analyses, we garnered pivotal insights into the outbreak dynamics. Centralized in Kuchica village, our serosurveys conducted among local livestock populations disclosed a significant rate of CCHFV exposure, which underlines the urgent necessity for persistent monitoring of the virus's circulation. The phylogenetic analysis distinctly pointed to the autochthonous nature of the CCHFV Hoti strain implicated in the outbreak. This local strain circulation may be influenced by ecological changes, probably climate change, which is likely altering tick distribution, activity patterns and the extrinsic incubation of the virus in North Macedonia. This report underscores the importance of clinical vigilance, proactive surveillance, early detection, and collaborative efforts in combating emerging infectious diseases like CCHF. By prioritizing monitoring, risk assessment, and preparedness measures, we can effectively mitigate the impact of CCHF and protect public health in affected regions.
Molecular detection of microcystin synthetase genes (mcy genes) and semi- quantitative immunological detection of the production of microcystin toxin in vitro-grown pure cultures of cyanobacteria
Authors: Chaturvedi Prashant , Singh Divya , Pathak Renu , Beohar Purnima
Published: May 2024

Laboratory mass cultures were established for cyanobacterial strains M. aeruginosa, O. laetevirens var. minimus, A. fertilissima, P. uncinatum, and S. elongates. The growth of these cultures was assessed by monitoring turbidity, chlorophyll concentration, and protein content. After an 18-day inoculation period, the maximum growth of pure cultures was observed. Well-developed cultures were concentrated using centrifugation and subsequently lyophilized to preserve them in powdered form. DNA extraction was performed on the lyophilized cultures, resulting in clear DNA bands just below the wells. The quality of the extracted DNA, as determined by the A260/280 ratio, ranged from 1.6 to 1.8. The genes mcyABDE were successfully amplified in M. aeruginosa and O. laetevirens var. minimus, while A. fertilissima and P. uncinatum showed amplification of mcyABD and mcyABE genes, respectively. No amplification was observed in S. elongatus. Using a semi-quantitative ELISA technique, a significant concentration of Microcystin was detected only in Microcystis aeruginosa, at a level of 0.5 ppb, whereas the other cultures produced trace amounts below 0.5 ppb.
Potential of ceramic waste aggregate to improve the engineering performance of hollowed masonry units
Authors: Villarosa Jurielle A. , Benito Emel Ken D. , Aragoncillo Ariel Miguel M. , Madlangbayan Marish S.
Published: May 2024

Due to their inherent brittleness, ceramic materials are prone to breakage, generating significant waste stream. This has driven research into repurposing the waste materials for various applications. Processed ceramic waste has been extensively studied in the past as a substitute for cement or sand to produce cementitious composites. However, its applications have primarily been limited to solid mortars and concrete. Here, the influence of ground ceramic tiles as a fine aggregate of hollowed masonry units (HMU) has been investigated. Ceramic waste aggregate (CWA) was introduced in HMUs at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the fine aggregate volume, and their compressive strength, densities at various moisture states, and moisture characteristics were evaluated. Results showed that adding CWA significantly improved the strength (by as much as three times), reduced the density (by 13.9%), minimally affected the absorption capacity, and lowered the material cost (by up to 21.3%) of HMU, with the 100% replacement achieving the most favorable results. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed that CWA contained a higher amount of amorphous silica than river sand, which may explain the improvement in the HMU’s engineering performance. The HMUs were found to satisfy the required strength for nonloadbearing blocks. Moreover, the block with 100% CWA was classified as medium weight while all other blocks were classified as normal weight. In summary, this study demonstrated the potential of ceramic tile waste as an aggregate alternative for nonloadbearing masonry construction.
Benchmarking of Commercial Large Language Models: ChatGPT, Mistral, and Llama
Authors: Hou Guangyu , Lian Qin
Published: May 2024

Recent developments in artificial intelligence have ushered in a new era of language models, with capabilities that are rapidly advancing the frontiers of technology and communication. The present research conducts a detailed comparative analysis of three prominent large language models—ChatGPT, Mistral, and Llama—utilizing the Hugging Face platform to benchmark their performance across multiple dimensions, including computational efficiency, linguistic accuracy, and ethical alignment. Results indicate that while each model exhibits unique strengths, they also possess distinct limitations which can guide future enhancements. Specifically, ChatGPT excels in linguistic accuracy, Llama in adaptability across languages, and Mistral offers novel approaches in complex language processing. This benchmarking exercise provides critical insights into the current capabilities of large language models, highlighting areas for potential improvement and suggesting avenues for future research to enhance their effectiveness and ethical alignment. The findings showed the necessity for ongoing evaluations to support the development of AI technologies that are both powerful and aligned with ethical standards. The exploration of hybrid models that combine the strengths of these existing systems could pave the way for the next generation of language models that are not only more efficient and accurate but also more aligned with human values and ethical standards.