bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge discovery in data using formal concept analysis and random projections
Authors: Kumar Cherukuri
Published: December 2011

Knowledge discovery in data using formal concept analysis and random projections

In this paper our objective is to propose a random projections based formal concept analysis for knowledge discovery in data. We demonstrate the implementation of the proposed method on two real world healthcare datasets. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a mathematical framework that offers a conceptual knowledge representation through hierarchical conceptual structures called concept lattices. However, during the design of a concept lattice, complexity plays a major role.
On Measurement Uncertainty of ADC Nonlinearities in Oscillation-Based Test
Authors: Mrak Peter , Biasizzo Anton , Novak Franc
Published: December 2011

On Measurement Uncertainty of ADC Nonlinearities in Oscillation-Based Test

Oscillation-based test (OBT) is one of the approaches for measuring static ADC parameters such as differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) that can be implemented in a built-in self-test arrangement. When applying the OBT approach in practice we noticed an inherent measurement uncertainty related to the slope of the ADC input signal in OBT test mode. Experimental environment in Matlab has been set up to study the phenomenon. Experiments with varying values of slope were performed to demonstrate the margins of DNL measurement uncertainty.
What is – really – in a dataset?
Authors: Heltberg Therese
Published: December 2011

Aim

The article considers methodological problems of working with register data and shows how deficiencies in a quantitative dataset may constitute a tool for discovery if data shortcomings are used as input in a qualitative investigation of data genealogy.

Data

Based on a specific research case example the article demonstrates how qualitative moments are intrinsically embedded both in quantitative datasets and in the statistical processing.

Conclusions

It is argued that statistical analyses of datasets cannot be made without considerations of institutional organisation and perceptions of persons implied in the production of data. Lastly it is suggested that prison-based drug misuse treatment research currently needs to face the paradoxical challenge of excessive statistical programmatic power, which has encouraged formulations of ‘causalist’ research questions. It is further suggested that a reorientation towards theoretical explanation as an addition to the statistical demonstration of factor associations is important if quantitative studies are to further open the black box of treatment.
Anna Barbauld on Fictional Form in The British Novelists (1810)
Authors: Toner Anne
Published: December 2011

Anna Barbauld has been recognized as advancing the critical study of the novel in her edition of The British Novelists. This article considers closely the attention Barbauld pays to novelistic form in the preface and critical essays in that work. She prioritizes carefully-conceived plot above aspirations to realism and to moral didacticism, and places considerable emphasis on narrative closure. This attention to closure is examined in light of both contemporary and later critical debate on the importance and value of novelistic ending. There is some irony in Barbauld's disparagement of disrupted narrative forms considering her reputation as the author of the Gothic fragment “Sir Bertrand.” While this was firmly attributed to her brother John in the 1820s, there is some correlation between the expository essay to “Sir Bertrand” and Barbauld's later writing on Gothic works in The British Novelists. In both “Objects of Terror” and in The British Novelists more generally there is an interest in the construction of readerly curiosity and the power exerted over the reader by a work's end.
Devotional Reading and Novel Form: The Case of David Simple
Authors: Pettella Tera
Published: December 2011

Although the novel as a form gained popularity throughout the eighteenth century, devotional texts such as the Bible, printed sermons, and books of practical divinity, including The Whole Duty of Man, continued to dominate the print market. These devotional texts establish and foster discontinuous, repetitive, and emblematic reading practices. The form of devotional texts and religious reading practices is essential to a more satisfying description of the formal development of the novel, most notably episodic, sentimental novels like Sarah Fielding's The Adventures of David Simple. The complex relationship between devotional and secular texts involved authors borrowing and adapting forms from devotional texts, while readers adapted their own devotional reading practices to secular texts. The force and visibility of the novel in the eighteenth century resulted more from the novel form's familiarity than its novelty.
Selection In Segregating Population Of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) For Growth, Yield And Virus Resistance
Authors: Islam MS , Ahmad S , Hoque MA
Published: December 2011

Nineteen segregating lines of tomato were evaluated at the Horticulture Research Centre of BARI during winter season of 2008-2009 with a view to developing high yielding virus resistant varieties. Wide variation was observed among the lines in respect of number of fruits per plant (13.5-38.3), individual fruit weight (56.8-162.3g), fruit yield per plant (1.28-2.40 kg), and locule number of fruit (2.0-8.5). The highest number of fruits per plant was observed in the line 14-1-1-1-1, but its corresponding individual fruit weight was only 58.4g. The line 15-3-4-2-1 had the highest individual fruit weight (162.3g). The highest fruit yield was recorded from the line 15-3-4-2-1 (81.6 t/ha), which was closely followed by the line 15-1-2-2-1 (79.5 t/ha). Thirteen genotypes were found free from virus infection up to 60 days after transplanting, while the rest had very low (1.4 - 2.8%) virus incidence. Among the entries, considering yield and virus reaction, the lines, 8-1-3-4-1, 8-1-3-1-1, 8-1-3-2-2, 14-1-1-1-1, 15-3-4-2-1, 15- 1-2-2-1 and 15-1- 2-1-2 were selected for further evaluation and recommendation as varieties.  Keywords: Segregating population; tomato. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9278 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 507-512
Changes In Different Forms Of K In Rice Rhizosphere Under K Application
Authors: Uddin MS , Mian MJ Abedin , Islam MR , Saleque MA , Moslehuddin AZM
Published: December 2011

A pot experiment was conducted with four soils from two locations (BAU farm, Mymensingh and BADC farm, Madhupur, Tangail) in order to monitor the transformation of added K (soil solution K, exchangeable K+ and nonexchangeable K) in BRRI dhan-41 rhizosphere at saturation condition. There were six levels of K viz., 0, 30, 60, 90,120 & 150 kg/ha from MoP. Eight kg soil was taken into each pot. The K concentration in soil solution increased with increasing K addition and decreased with increasing incubation period. Soil solution K was drastically reduced at 45 days due to higher crop uptake. The amount of exchangeable K also increased with increment of added K and gradually decreased over time. The non-exchangeable K increased up to 45 days and then decreased up to 105 days. Keywords: Rice rhizosphere; exchangeable K+; non-exchangeable K DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9279 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 513-519
Miss(ed) Generation: Douglas Coupland’s Miss Wyoming
Authors: Jensen Mikkel
Published: December 2011

This article presents a reading of Douglas Coupland’s 2000 novel Miss Wyoming. Long before this novel was published Coupland had denounced the Generation X phenomena he had started in the early nineties, and this article examines Miss Wyoming’s intertextual references to Jack Kerouac as a representative of the Beat generation, which was the previous self-labeled literary generation in North America before the Generation X of the 1990s. Taking this relationship as a point of departure, the article also explores the novel’s relationship with the Bildungsroman, and it is suggested that the novel portrays communicative and emotional immaturity especially in relation to ideas of postmodernism and irony.
Five anthocyanin polymorphisms are associated with an R2R3‐MYB cluster in Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae)
Authors: Lowry David B. , Sheng Calvin C. , Lasky Jesse R. , Willis John H.
Published: December 2011

• Premise of study: Botanists have long been interested in the reasons for genetic variation among individuals, populations, and species of plants. The anthocyanin pathway is ideal for studying the evolution of such phenotypic variation.

• Methods: We used a combination of quantitative trait loci mapping and association studies to understand the genetic basis of variation in five anthocyanin phenotypes including calyx, corolla, and leaf coloration patterns that vary within and among populations of Mimulus guttatus. We then examined what genes might be responsible for this phenotypic variation and whether one of the traits, calyx spotting, is randomly distributed across the geographic range of the species.

• Key results: All five phenotypes in M. guttatus were primarily controlled by the same major locus (PLA1), which contains a tandem array of three R2R3‐MYB genes known to be involved in the evolution of flower color in a related species of Mimulus. Calyx spotting was nonrandomly distributed across the range of M. guttatus and correlated with multiple climate variables.

• Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that variation in R2R3‐MYB genes is the primary cause of potentially important anthocyanin phenotypic variation within and among populations of M. guttatus, a finding consistent with recent theoretical and empirical research on flower color evolution.
Dissecting American Health Care: Commentaries on Health, Policy, and Politics
Authors: Kamerow Doug
Published: December 2011

The intersection of health care, politics, and policy is a controversial one, and this book of lively essays takes on many of today’s hot health topics: alternative medicine, health care reform, screening mammograms, taxes to change behavior, gun control, and many more. Former Assistant Surgeon General Douglas Kamerow, a family doctor, journal editor, and NPR commentator, combines evidence, opinion, and humor in 47 essays from his health policy columns in the medical journal BMJ and his nationally broadcast radio commentaries.
PATTERNS OF RIVER RUNOFF CHANGE CONSIDERING THE SIZE OF THE BASIN / ĮVAIRAUS BASEINO DYDŽIO LIETUVOS UPIŲ NUOTĖKIO KAITA / ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ СТОКА РЕК ЛИТВЫ РАЗНОЙ КРУПНОСТИ
Authors: Bagdžiunaitė-Litvinaitienė Lina , Litvinaitis Andrius , Šaulys Valentinas
Published: December 2011

Climatic change and fluctuations of river runoff are among the most urgent topics nowadays. It is important to analyse and establish tendencies for forecasting.

The article deals with the reasons of runoff variation trends, i.e. river basins with different physical-geographical and meteorological conditions are analysed. In the research, statistical Mann-Kendall test and correlation coefficients were applied to assess the influence of precipitation amount variation on the variation of river discharges.

The achieved results showed that the correlation links between a major river outflow (Neris) and precipitation were established only during autumn and winter seasons, however, the links were very weak (correlation coefficient of 0.4). The correlation between major river runoff and precipitation is also weak but can be observed during summer season as well. The highest correlation coefficients were established in rivers of average size. This proves that the smaller the river, the stronger is the reaction to local climatic factors.

Santrauka

Klimato kaita ir upių nuotėkio svyravimai – viena iš aktualiausių nūdienos temų. Aptariama nuotėkio kaitos tendencijų priežastys, t. y. analizuojama upių baseinai, kurių skirtingos fizinės-geografinės bei meteorologinės sąlygos. Tyrimams taikyti statistikos Mann-Kendall testas bei koreliacijos koeficientai. Jais buvo įvertinta kritulių kiekio kaitos įtaka upių debitų kaitai. Gauti rezultatai parodė, kad labai didelės upės nuotėkio ir kritulių koreliacijos ryšiai nustatyti tik rudens ir žiemos sezonais, bet tai yra labai silpni ryšiai. Didelių upių nuotėkio ir kritulių tarpusavio sąsaja taip pat yra silpna, bet jau pastebima ir vasaros sezoną. Didžiausi koreliacijos koeficientai buvo vidutinio dydžio upių, ir tai įrodo, kad kuo mažesnė upė, tuo ryškesnė reakcija į lokalius klimato veiksnius.

Резюме

Изменение климата и колебания стока рек являются одним из наиболее актуальных вопросов сегодняшнего дня.В статье рассматриваются причины изменения стока, анализируются бассейны рек с разными физикогеографическими и метеорологическими условиями. При исследованиях использовался статистический тестМаннаКендалла и коэффициенты корреляции для учета влияния количества осадков на оценку изменения стокарек. Полученные результаты показали, что для очень крупных рек (Нерис) корреляционные связи стока и количества осадков установлены лишь в осеннезимний период, однако эта связь очень слаба (коэффициент корреляции0,4). Связь стока и количества осадков для меньших рек является слабой, однако она наблюдается и в летний период. Наибольший коэффициент корреляции зафиксирован для рек средней величины. Таким образом, установлено, что чем меньше река, тем резче реакция ее стока на локальные климатические действия.
IMPACTS OF VENTILATION: STUDIES ON “BEFORE AND AFTER” A SMOKING BAN IS IMPLEMENTED / VĖDINIMO POVEIKIS: TYRIMAI PRIEŠ ĮVEDANT IR ĮVEDUS RŪKYMO DRAUDIMĄ / ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ ВЕНТИЛЯЦИИ: ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ДО И ПОСЛЕ ЗАПРЕТА НА КУРЕНИЕ
Authors: Geens Andrew , Snelson David , Al-Madfai Hasan , Hillier David
Published: December 2011

A number of legislative bodies in Europe have already made or are currently considering making policy decisions on the issue of smoking in public places. Policy alternatives have been discussed in Town and Country Planning (2002). In the last decade, the scientific evidence relating to this debate has been reported in a diverse range of publications such as the British Medical Journal, Indoor Air and The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers journal. On inspection much of this reporting concludes negatively on the performance of ventilation systems. In this paper, a critical review is undertaken of the “before and after smoking ban” study papers. This paper aims to critically review the findings of these studies in relation to ventilation and draw some working conclusions from these studies.

Santrauka

Daug teisinių institucijų Europoje jau padarė ryžtingus sprendimus rūkymo viešose vietose klausimais ar dar svarsto dėl jų priėmimo. Apie alternatyvas buvo diskutuojama Town & Country. Būta įvairių publikacijų, susijusių su šiomis diskusijomis, pateikta mokslinių įrodymų, pavyzdžiui, Didžiosios Britanijos Medical Journal, Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers leidiniuose. Daug išvadų siejasi su negatyviu ventiliacijos sistemų veikimo vertinimu. Apžvalga atliekama ištyrus situaciją prieš įvedant rūkymo draudimą ir jį įvedus. Siekta peržiūrėti tyrimų, susijusių su vėdinimu, išvadas ir padaryti tam tikrus sprendimus.

Резюме

Многие правовые институции в Европе уже приняли решения или рассматривают возможность принятия реше- ний, касающихся вопроса о курении в общественных местах. Дискуссия о возможных альтернативах велась в Town & Country. Дискуссиям на эту тему было посвящено немало публикаций, представлены научные доказа- тельства, например, в издаваемых в Великобритании журналах Medical Journal, Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers. Во многих выводах приводится негативная оценка действия систем вентиляции. Приводимый в статье анализ основан на исследовании ситуации до введения запрета на курение и после его введения. Пред- принята попытка оценить выводы исследований, касающихся действия систем вентиляции, и предложить опреде- ленные решения.
Un « élargissement » de la famille ? Parcours de pères divorcés et redéfinitions de la paternité à Barcelone
Authors: Roigé Xavier
Published: December 2011

Résumé À partir d’entretiens réalisés à Barcelone auprès de pères divorcés, le texte analyse les changements du divorce après la nouvelle loi de 2005 en Espagne et les processus de construction d’une paternité sans résidence commune avec la mère. La redéfinition de la figure paternelle y est influencée par la concurrence des beaux-pères et par le rôle des grands-parents : elle est ainsi la conséquence des changements idéologiques et législatifs mais aussi des stratégies d’adaptation aux nouvelles circonstances vécues après le divorce, incluant l’influence de cette « famille élargie » et les conséquences socio-économiques du divorce.
A giant benign clear cell hidradenoma on the anterior trunk
Authors: Tukenmez Demirci Gulsen , Atis Guldehan , Altunay Ilknur , Sakiz Damlanur
Published: December 2011

Clear cell hidroadenoma (CCA) is a uncommon variant of bening cutaneous adnexial tumors. These tumors are clinically asymptomatic, solitary dermal nodules. they occur most frequently on the scalp, face, abdomen and the extremities. Growth is slow and malignant change is rare. 45- year-old woman presented us with a nodule with a central ulceration and a minimal hemoragic discharge on her anterior abdomen wall which had begun 4 years ago as a small nodular asymptomatic lesion. On dermatological examination there was a 6.5x4x5 cm non-tender, soft reddish purple nodule with lobular appearence and ulceration. In the laboratory investigations, all the hematologic and biochemical tests were normal. A CT scan demonstrated a cyctic tumor with lobulated countour with contrast enhancement. The lesion excised totally. In histopathological examination the tumor was composed of biphasic  smaller dark polygonal cells and larger clera cells and coarse nuclear chromatine. There were duct like structures. Immunohistochemical investigation was done for the suspicion of malignancy. Cytoplasm of clear cells and duct like structures showed PAS positive and d-Pas resistant staining. There was a positive reactivity to epithelial membrane antigen and carcinoembrionic antigen. The mitotic index in Ki 67 examination was low. All these findings confirmed the diagnosis of bening CCA.
Therapy Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(10:16): A Rare Entity
Authors: Uppal Guldeep K. , Leighton John , Da Costa Deline , Czulewicz Andrew , Palazzo Irma E.
Published: December 2011

Treatment related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) are well known complications after chemotherapy for various hematologic and non-hematologic malignancies. Alkylating agents and Topoisomerase inhibitors are most widely studied in this regard. There is growing concern about occurrence of t-MDS, t-MDS/AML and t-AML in patients of CLL treated with nucleoside analogues especially in combination with alkylating agents. Exact incidence and pathogenesis of nucleoside analogue related MDS/AML is not clear at this time. We hereby report a case of t-AML in a patient treated with Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide and Rituximab (FCR) for CLL. The cytogenetic studies revealed a unique translocation t(10:16), that has been reported in very few cases of therapy related AML and pediatric AML.
Basal cell adenocarcinoma of the supraglottic larynx: treatment of recurrent disease with tamoxifen
Authors: Bailey Christopher H. , Donovan Patrick J. , Weiss Glen J.
Published: December 2011

At the age of 83, a woman presented with an extremely rare cancer, basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC) of the supraglottic larynx. Pathology revealed a stage IVA tumor, pathological stage T4N0M0. She was treated with surgery and did not receive any adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy. At the age of 93, during a routine examination, the patient was found to have palpable adenopathy and underwent a fine needle aspiration in June 2010. Pathology revealed similar histologic characteristics of her 2001 BCAC diagnosis, and further IHC stains revealed positive estrogen receptor staining.
Prevention of Eating Disorders among Adolescents
Authors: Shisslak Catherine M. , Crago Marjorie , Neal Mary E.
Published: December 2011

Since eating disorders frequently begin during adolescence, high school students represent a high risk population for the development of these disorders. For this reason, a pilot project for the prevention of eating disorders was instituted at the high school level. The primary goal of this pilot project was to educate students, faculty, and staff at the school about the incidence, symptoms, and consequences of eating disorders. Consultation and referral services were also provided. An evaluation component of the project assessed the informational impact of the prevention program on the students. On a questionnaire designed for the project, a significantly greater number of questions about eating disorders were answered correctly by students who were recipients of the prevention program than by those who were not. The results of this project demonstrate the feasibility of using the high school setting to promote increased awareness of eating disorders and their consequences among high school students.
Obesity, Self-Esteem, and Health Locus of Control in Black Youths during Transition to Adolescence
Authors: O'Brien Robert W. , Smith Selina A. , Bush Patricia J. , Peleg Edna
Published: December 2011

A three-year longitudinal study of 1,003 urban black children, ages nine through 12, explored the relationship between obesity, health locus of control, and self-esteem. Subjects were classified as obese or not-obese at two times, approximately two years apart. From Time 1 to Time 2, subjects were categorized as remaining the same, or either changing from obese to non-obese or non-obese to obese. Measures included the Children's Health Locus of Control scale (CHLC), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (SE), and ponderosity (weight relative to height). SE and CHLC improved across the entire sample. Multiple regression analyses indicated that baseline self-esteem was associated with decreased ponderosity only for subjects who changed from obese to non-obese. Group differences imply that building self-esteem and acknowledging individual differences may facilitate treatment of adolescent obesity. Continued research is recommended.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Community-Sponsored Smoking Cessation Contest
Authors: Elder John P. , Campbell Nadia R. , Mielchen Sandra D. , Hovell Melbourne F. , Litrownik Alan J.
Published: December 2011

Background.

This article provides a description and evaluation of a community-sponsored smoking cessation contest. Adapted from previous efforts, “Quit to Win” relied solely on community resources and was promoted to the two million residents of San Diego County, California.

Methods.

A large recruitment campaign included print and electronic media. Eight hundred and two smokers participated in the contest. Contest entry forms served as the pretreatment measure, quit cards measured smoking status, and follow-up telephone interviews collected additional data on three groups: joiners, nonjoiners, and comparison subjects.

Results.

Thirty-five percent of the participants reported being smoke-free two months after the program. Television was by far the most effective promotional medium, while individuals who received a promotional flyer were somewhat more likely to actually join the contest than those who heard of it through other sources. Self-confidence, outcome expectations, and lighter smoking habit were predictive of contest participation. Of joiners, those with a greater fear of suffering from withdrawal were less likely to quit.

Discussion.

The approximate cost per quitter was $17.25 based on the direct budget expenses for the contest. However, this does not include the significant cost of the many donated services. Large smoking cessation contests can be cost-effective while providing direct and indirect benefits to anti-tobacco efforts.
Exploring Spirituality and Consciousness with an Expanded Science: Beyond the Ego with Empiricism, Phenomenology, and Contemplation
Authors: Fahlberg Larry L. , Fahlberg Lauri A.
Published: December 2011

Spirituality has been recognized as pivotal in health education and health promotion. Although spirituality is often discussed as a dimension of health, there is little evidence of integrating it into educational settings and health promotion programs. The difficulty in addressing the concept of spirituality is related to both its association with denominational religion and our cultural emphasis on the material realm. However, some scholars are now associating spirituality with the development of human consciousness beyond the ego level. It has been suggested that the scientific investigation of this development beyond the ego may be possible with empirical and phenomenological, as well as with traditional contemplative methods. Thus, investigation in the realms of consciousness beyond the ego can be addressed within theories of knowledge that are grounded in experience. An examination of the spirituality/consciousness relationship may be crucial for any profession that purports to address the health issues of the whole person. It may then be possible to more easily integrate spirituality into educational settings and health enhancement programs. If spirituality is part of human experience, then willingness to make forays into this dimension is fundamental to health.
The sensitivity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) component partitioning to the predictions of component properties – Part 3: Investigation of condensed compounds generated by a near-explicit model of VOC oxidation
Authors: Barley M. H. , Topping D. , Lowe D. , Utembe S. , McFiggans G.
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Calculations of the absorptive partitioning of secondary organic aerosol components were carried out using a number of methods to estimate vapour pressure and non-ideality. The sensitivity of predicted condensed component masses, volatility, O:C ratio, molar mass and functionality distribution to the choice of estimation methods was investigated in mixtures of around 2700 compounds generated by a near explicit mechanism of atmospheric VOC degradation. The sensitivities in terms of all metrics were comparable to those previously reported (using 10 000 semi-randomly generated compounds). In addition, the change in predicted aerosol properties and composition with changing VOC emission scenario was investigated showing key dependencies on relative anthropogenic and biogenic contributions. Finally, the contribution of non-ideality to the changing distribution of condensed components was explored in terms of the shift in effective volatility by virtue of component activity coefficients, clearly demonstrating both enhancement and reduction of component masses associated with negative and positive deviations from ideality.
Analyzing coastal precipitation using TRMM observations
Authors: Heiblum R. H. , Koren I. , Altaratz O.
Published: December 2011

Abstract. The interaction between breezes and synoptic gradient winds, and surface friction increase in transition from sea to land can create persistent convergence zones nearby coastlines. The low level convergence of moist air promotes the dynamical and microphysical processes responsible for the formation of clouds and precipitation. Our work focuses on the winter seasons of 1998–2011 in the Eastern Mediterranean. During the winter the Mediterranean sea is usually warmer than the adjacent land, resulting in frequent occurrence of land breeze that opposes the common synoptic winds. Using rain-rate vertical profiles from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) satellite, we examined the spatial and temporal distribution of average hydrometeor mass in clouds as a function of the distance from coastlines. Results show that coastlines in the Eastern Mediterranean are indeed favored areas for precipitation formation. The intra-seasonal and diurnal changes in the distribution of hydrometeor mass indicate that the land breeze may likely be the main responsible mechanism behind our results.
Seasonal variation of CCN concentrations and aerosol activation properties in boreal forest
Authors: Sihto S.-L. , Mikkilä J. , Vanhanen J. , Ehn M. , Liao L. , Lehtipalo K. , Aalto P. P. , Duplissy J. , Petäjä T. , Kerminen V.-M. , Boy M. , Kulmala M.
Published: December 2011

Abstract. As a part of EUCAARI activities, the annual cycle of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations and critical diameter for cloud droplet activation as a function of supersaturation were measured using a CCN counter and a HTDMA (hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer) at SMEAR II station, Hyytiälä, Finland. The critical diameters for CCN activation were estimated from (i) the measured CCN concentration and particle size distribution data, and (ii) the hygroscopic growth factors by applying κ-Köhler theory, in both cases assuming an internally mixed aerosol. The critical diameters derived by these two methods were in good agreement with each other. The effect of new particle formation on the diurnal variation of CCN concentration and critical diameters was studied. New particle formation was observed to increase the CCN concentrations by 70–110%, depending on the supersaturation level. The average value for the κ-parameter determined from hygroscopicity measurements was κ = 0.18 and it predicted well the CCN activation in boreal forest conditions in Hyytiälä. The derived critical diameters and κ-parameter confirm earlier findings with other methods, that aerosol particles at CCN sizes in Hyytiälä are mostly organic, but contain also more hygrosopic, probably inorganic salts like ammonium sulphate, making the particles more CCN active than pure secondary organic aerosol.
Combined effects of inorganic carbon and light on Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel (Prymnesiophyceae)
Authors: Hoogstraten A. , Peters M. , Timmermans K. R. , de Baar H. J. W.
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae) is a globally dominating phytoplankton species. It plays an important role in both the global sulfur and carbon cycles, by the production of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and the drawdown of inorganic carbon. Phaeocystis globosa has a polymorphic life cycle and is considered to be a harmful algal bloom (HAB) forming species. All these aspects make this an interesting species to study the effects of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, due to anthropogenic carbon emissions. Here, the combined effects of three different dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations (CO2(aq)) (low: 4 μmol kg−1, intermediate: 6–10 μmol kg−1 and high CO2(aq): 21–24 μmol kg−1) and two different light intensities (low light, suboptimal: 80 μmol photons m−2s–1 and high light, light saturated: 240 μmol photons m−2s−1) are reported. The experiments demonstrated that the specific growth rate of P. globosa in the high light cultures decreased with increasing CO2(aq) from 1.4 to 1.1 d−1 in the low and high CO2 cultures respectively. Concurrently, the photosynthetic efficiency increased with increasing CO2(aq) from 0.56 to 0.66. The different light conditions affected photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll-a concentrations, both of which were lower in the high light cultures as compared to the low light cultures. These results suggest that in the future, inorganic carbon enriched oceans, P. globosa will become less competitive and feedback mechanisms to global change may decrease in strength.
How significant is submarine groundwater discharge and its associated dissolved inorganic carbon in a river-dominated shelf system-the northern South China Sea?
Authors: Liu Q. , Dai M. , Chen W. , Huh C.-A. , Wang G. , Li Q. , Charette M. A.
Published: December 2011

Abstract. In order to assess the role of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and its impact on the carbonate system on the northern South China Sea (NSCS) shelf, we measured seawater concentrations of four radium isotopes 223,224,226,228Ra along with carbon dioxide parameters in June–July, 2008. Complementary groundwater sampling was conducted in coastal areas in December 2008 and October 2010 to constrain the groundwater end-members. The distribution of Ra isotopes in the NSCS was largely controlled by the Pearl River plume and coastal upwelling. Long-lived Ra isotopes (228Ra and 226Ra) were enriched in the river plume but low in the offshore surface water and subsurface water/upwelling zone. In contrast, short-lived Ra isotopes (224Ra and 223Ra) were elevated in the subsurface water/upwelling zone as well as the river plume but depleted in the offshore surface water. In order to quantify SGD, we adopted two independent mathematical approaches. Using a three end-member mixing model with total alkalinity (TAlk) and Ra isotopes, we derived a SGD flux into the NSCS shelf of 2.3–3.7 ×108 m3 d−1. Our second approach involved a simple mass balance of 228Ra and 226Ra and resulted in a first order but consistent SGD rate estimate of 2.8–4.5 × 108 m3 d−1. These fluxes were equivalent to 13–25 % of the Pearl River discharge, but the source of the SGD is mostly recirculated seawater. Despite the relatively small SGD volume flow compared to the river, the associated material fluxes were substantial given the elevated concentrations of dissolved inorganic solutes. In this case, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) flux through SGD was 266–520 × 109 mol yr−1, which was ~44–73 % of the riverine DIC export flux. Given our estimates of the groundwater-derived phosphate flux, SGD may be responsible for new production on the shelf up to 3–6 mmol C m−2 d−1. This rate of new production would at most consume 18 % of the DIC contribution delivered by SGD. Hence, SGD may play an important role in the carbon balance over the NSCS shelf.
Preformed and regenerated phosphate in ocean general circulation models: can right total concentrations be wrong?
Authors: Duteil O. , Koeve W. , Oschlies A. , Aumont O. , Bianchi D. , Bopp L. , Galbraith E. , Matear R. , Moore J. K. , Sarmiento J. L. , Segschneider J.
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Phosphate distributions simulated by seven state-of-the-art biogeochemical ocean circulation models are evaluated against observations of global ocean nutrient distributions. The biogeochemical models exhibit different structural complexities, ranging from simple nutrient-restoring to multi-nutrient NPZD type models. We evaluate the simulations using the observed volume distribution of phosphate. The errors in these simulated volume class distributions are significantly larger when preformed phosphate (or regenerated phosphate) rather than total phosphate is considered. Our analysis reveals that models can achieve similarly good fits to observed total phosphate distributions for a very different partitioning into preformed and regenerated nutrient components. This has implications for the strength and potential climate sensitivity of the simulated biological carbon pump. We suggest complementing the use of total nutrient distributions for assessing model skill by an evaluation of the respective preformed and regenerated nutrient components.
Effect of radar rainfall time resolution on the predictive capability of a distributed hydrologic model
Authors: Atencia A. , Mediero L. , Llasat M. C. , Garrote L.
Published: December 2011

Abstract. The performance of a hydrologic model depends on the rainfall input data, both spatially and temporally. As the spatial distribution of rainfall exerts a great influence on both runoff volumes and peak flows, the use of a distributed hydrologic model can improve the results in the case of convective rainfall in a basin where the storm area is smaller than the basin area. The aim of this study was to perform a sensitivity analysis of the rainfall time resolution on the results of a distributed hydrologic model in a flash-flood prone basin. Within such a catchment, floods are produced by heavy rainfall events with a large convective component. A second objective of the current paper is the proposal of a methodology that improves the radar rainfall estimation at a higher spatial and temporal resolution. Composite radar data from a network of three C-band radars with 6-min temporal and 2 × 2 km2 spatial resolution were used to feed the RIBS distributed hydrological model. A modification of the Window Probability Matching Method (gauge-adjustment method) was applied to four cases of heavy rainfall to improve the observed rainfall sub-estimation by computing new Z/R relationships for both convective and stratiform reflectivities. An advection correction technique based on the cross-correlation between two consecutive images was introduced to obtain several time resolutions from 1 min to 30 min. The RIBS hydrologic model was calibrated using a probabilistic approach based on a multiobjective methodology for each time resolution. A sensitivity analysis of rainfall time resolution was conducted to find the resolution that best represents the hydrological basin behaviour.
What can we learn from long-term groundwater data to improve climate change impact studies?
Authors: Stoll S. , Hendricks Franssen H. J. , Barthel R. , Kinzelbach W.
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Future risks for groundwater resources, due to global change are usually analyzed by driving hydrological models with the outputs of climate models. However, this model chain is subject to considerable uncertainties. Given the high uncertainties it is essential to identify the processes governing the groundwater dynamics, as these processes are likely to affect groundwater resources in the future, too. Information about the dominant mechanisms can be achieved by the analysis of long-term data, which are assumed to provide insight in the reaction of groundwater resources to changing conditions (weather, land use, water demand). Referring to this, a dataset of 30 long-term time series of precipitation dominated groundwater systems in northern Switzerland and southern Germany is collected. In order to receive additional information the analysis of the data is carried out together with hydrological model simulations. High spatio-temporal correlations, even over large distances could be detected and are assumed to be related to large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. As a result it is suggested to prefer innovative weather-type-based downscaling methods to other stochastic downscaling approaches. In addition, with the help of a qualitative procedure to distinguish between meteorological and anthropogenic causes it was possible to identify processes which dominated the groundwater dynamics in the past. It could be shown that besides the meteorological conditions, land use changes, pumping activity and feedback mechanisms governed the groundwater dynamics. Based on these findings, recommendations to improve climate change impact studies are suggested.
Melting of Northern Greenland during the last interglacial
Authors: Born A. , Nisancioglu K. H.
Published: December 2011

Abstract. The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is losing mass at an increasing rate, making it the primary contributor to global eustatic sea level rise. Large melting areas and rapid thinning at its margins has raised concerns about its stability. However, it is conceivable that these observations represent the transient adjustment of the fastest reacting parts of the ice sheet, masking slower processes that dominate the long term fate of the GrIS and its contribution to sea level rise. Studies of the geological past provide valuable information on the long term response of the GrIS to warm periods. We simulate the GrIS during the Eemian interglacial, a period 126 000 yr before present (126 ka) with Arctic temperatures comparable to projections for the end of this century. The northeastern part of the GrIS is unstable and retreats significantly, despite moderate melt rates. Unlike the south and west, strong melting in the northeast is not compensated by high accumulation, or fast ice flow. The analogy with the present warming suggests that in coming decades, positive feedbacks could increase the rate of mass loss of the northeastern GrIS, exceeding the currently observed melting in the south.
Caricatures of Revolution: Slovak Political Cartoons in the Czechoslovak Spring
Authors: Brown Scott
Published: December 2011

This paper probes Slovak cartoons of the 1960s for insight into Slovak attitudes toward national rights and democratic reforms during the Czechoslovak Spring, an upheaval in the spring and summer of 1968, when Slovakia experienced a rapid growth in the number of published cartoons and a new generation of Slovak cartoonists emerged. Slovak cartoonists in 1968 exhibited a sincere desire to see democratization come to fruition, yet they feared democratic reforms would come to naught, due either to internal resistance or external intervention. Moreover, Slovak cartoonists devoted considerable attention to Slovaks’ demands for national rights and autonomy, including contemporary demands for the federalization of the Czechoslovak state into Slovak and Czech national republics. Their cartoons belie the stereotype of Slovaks in 1968 as narrowly focused on national issues such as democratization, showing instead how Slovak cartoonists regarded federalization as a democratic arrangement of Czech-Slovak relations and thus as an integral part of democratization in Czechoslovakia while also using humor and satire to remind their fellow Slovaks that federal reform was not tantamount to democratization.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Sinoatrial Dysfunction in an Estrela Mountain Dog
Authors: Lobo Luis , Pinheiro-Vieira António , Gomes João L. , Canada Nuno , Ribeiro Lenio , Costa Paulo D. , Oliveira Pedro , Bussadori Claudio
Published: December 2011

A 1 yr old male Estrela mountain dog was evaluated as a part of a screening program for dilated cardiomyopathy. The dog came from a family with a history of dilated cardiomyopathy but was asymptomatic. Occult dilated cardiomyopathy and sino-atrial dysfunction were diagnosed based on echocardiography and electrocardiography. These two disorders may be associated given that related dogs have been diagnosed with the same disorders. The dog has remained asymptomatic for 4 years following initial evaluation.
Ultrasonographic Findings of Feline Cholangitis
Authors: Marolf Angela J. , Leach Lesley , Gibbons Debra S. , Bachand Annette , Twedt David
Published: December 2011

Cholangitis is a common inflammatory disorder of the biliary system in cats. There are two major forms based on the predominate type of inflammatory cell infiltrates: lymphocytic or neutrophilic. Ultrasound is a common imaging modality used in these patients. This retrospective study evaluated the ultrasound examinations of 26 cats with a histologic diagnosis of cholangitis. Most cats with cholangitis had sonographically normal liver size, echogenicity, and normal biliary systems. Statistically significant sonographic changes for cats with cholangitis included hyperechoic liver parenchyma, hyperechoic gallbladder contents, and increased pancreatic size. No statistically significant changes were noted to distinguish lymphocytic and neutrophilic forms of cholangitis. Cats with the sonographic features of diffuse liver hyperechogenicity, gallbladder contents and enlarged pancreas may suggest cholangitis.
Occupational Differences in the Return on Human Capital in the Spanish Travel Agency and Hospitality Industries
Authors: Pozo Alejandro García , Mera Andrés J. Marchante , Ollero José Luis Sánchez
Published: December 2011

This study analyses the returns on human capital in the Spanish hospitality and travel agency industries across seven occupational categories by gender. It is motivated by evidence that there is great variation between jobs in this sector and that estimations of the rate of returns for each component of human capital for the entire sector may not be accurate. The main results indicate that the rates of return on human capital are lower in these industries for most occupations than in the private services sector. Given that differences in the returns on human capital components across occupational categories are statistically significant and large, then the relative weight of each segment within the aggregate may explain the results obtained in previous studies.
Degradable PHBHHx Modified by the Silk Fibroin for the Applications of Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering
Authors: Yang Hua-Xiao , Sun Min , Zhang Yi , Zhou Ping
Published: December 2011

Biodegradable polymer, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx), has been used to fabricate the tissue-engineered cardiovascular scaffolds due to its controllable and suitable mechanical properties. However, the unsound biocompatibility of PHBHHx is still the unsolved problem till now. Silk fibroin (SF) with low inflammation, no blood clotting, and good cell and tissue compatibility in vitro and vivo is adopted as a surface modificator to improve the biocompatibility of PHBHHx. The adhesion of SF on PHBHHx surface was investigated by infrared spectroscopy and water contact angle. The proliferation and morphologies of human fibroblasts, human smooth muscle cells, endothelial-like cell line ECV304, and umbilical vein endothelial cells on the SF-modified PHBHHx were studied by the assays of MTT, H&E staining, DAPI staining, and the scanning electron microscopy. In sum, SF-modified PHBHHx scaffolds are highly biocompatible with cardiovascular-related cells, demonstrating its potential help for the extensive applications of PHBHHx in the cardiovascular regeneration.
Analysis of Measured Drop Size Spectra over Land and Sea
Authors: Bumke Karl , Seltmann Jörg
Published: December 2011

Drop size spectra were measured by using an optical disdrometer of type ODM 470 at different locations. They were subdivided in to four data sets: measurements over land, in coastal areas, over semienclosed seas, and over the open sea. Based on 1-minute measurement intervals, no differences were found in drop size spectra between continental and maritime areas. An exponential model with a rain rate depending on interception number and prefactor in the exponent fits well the spectra, and maximum drop sizes depend strongly on estimated rain rates. In contrast to other investigations, there are no significant differences between spectra of convective and stratiform rain based on 1-minute measurement intervals. However, spectra integrated over 10 minutes show the expected differences.
Management of mixed oak-pine forests under climate
Authors: Gutsch M. , Lasch P. , Suckow F. , Reyer C.
Published: December 2011

The process-based forest growth model 4C (FORESEE - FORESt Ecosystems in a Changing Environment) was used to analyze the growth of a mixed oak-pine stand [Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl., Pinus sylvestris L.]. The oak-pine stand is typical for the ongoing forest transformation in the north-eastern lowlands. The pine and the oak trees are 104 and 9 years old, respectively. Three different management scenarios (A, B, C) with different thinning grades and a thinning interval of five years were simulated. Every management scenario was simulated under three different climate scenarios (0K, 2K, 3K) compiled by the regional statistical climate model STAR 2.0 (PIK). For each climate scenario 100 different realisations were generated. The realisations of the climate scenarios encompass the period 2036-2060 and exhibit an increase of mean annual temperature of zero, two and three Kelvin until 2060, respectively. We selected 9 model outputs concerning biomass, growth and harvest which were aggregated to a single total performance index (TPI). The TPI was used to assess the management scenarios with regard to three management objectives (carbon sequestration, intermediate, timber yield) under climate change until 2060. We found out that management scenario A led to the highest TPI concerning the carbon sequestration objective and management scenario C performed best concerning the two other objectives. The analysis of variance in the growth related model outputs showed an increase of climate uncertainty with increasing climate warming. Interestingly, the increase of climate induced uncertainty is much higher from 2 to 3 K than from 0 to 2 K.