bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The in‐vitro accuracy of fiducial marker‐based versus markerless registration of an intraoral scan with a cone‐beam computed tomography scan in the presence of restoration artifact
Authors: Biun John , Dudhia Raahib , Arora Himanshu
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To determine the effect of restoration artifact (‘metal artifact’) on registration accuracy of an intraoral scan and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan, comparing fiducial marker‐based registration with markerless registration.

Materials and methods

A maxillary model was fitted with multiple configurations of zirconia crowns to simulate various states of oral rehabilitation. Intraoral scans and CBCT scans (half and full rotation) were acquired. Registration was performed using markerless (point‐based registration with surface‐based refinement) and fiducial marker‐based registration. Each experimental condition was repeated 10 times (n = 320). The absolute deviation was measured at the canines and first molars, and the average and maximum values were analysed using multiple linear regression.

Results

R2 was 0.874 for average error and 0.858 for maximum error. For markerless registration, there were 0.041 mm (p < .001) and 0.045 mm (p < .001) increases in average and maximum error per crown, respectively. For fiducial marker‐based registration, the effect of additional crowns was not statistically significant for average (p = .067) or maximum (p = .438) error. For a full arch of crowns, the regression model predicted average and maximum errors of 0.581 and 0.697 mm for the markerless technique, and 0.185 and 0.210 mm for the fiducial marker‐based technique. Overall, the fiducial marker‐based technique was more accurate for four or more crowns. The half rotation scan increased average error by 0.021 mm (p = .001) and maximum error by 0.029 mm (p < .001).

Conclusions

Under the present study's experimental conditions, the fiducial marker‐based technique should be considered if four or more full‐coverage highly radiopaque restorations are present.
Programme for prevention of foot dermatoses in patients with work‐related skin diseases: Baseline data and first results of a prospective cohort study (OCCUPES)
Authors: Brans Richard , John Swen Malte , Wilke Annika , Hübner Anja
Published: August 2023

Background

Programmes for prevention of hand dermatoses in patients with work‐related skin diseases (WRSD) are well established. Similar interventions for foot dermatoses (FD) are widely missing.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of a programme for prevention of FD based on health education in patients with WRSD while investigating the impact and possible causative factors of FD.

Methods

In a prospective cohort study (OCCUPES), 231 patients with WRSD and FD participating in the programme were recruited. The skin was examined and questionnaires were completed, including assessment of footwear, FD severity, symptoms and health‐related quality of life.

Results

The baseline and some early results are presented. A work‐related causation of FD was likely in 60 patients (26.0%) with irritant contact dermatitis being the most frequent diagnosis. Work‐related FD were associated with male sex (p = 0.012), sweating in footwear (p = 0.004) and wearing of safety footwear (p = 0.013). FD were often long‐lasting with a high degree of work‐absenteeism, quality of life impairment, itch and pain, particularly in work‐related FD.

Conclusions

Interventions are needed to reduce the burden of FD in patients with WRSD. The programme addresses current shortcomings in prevention of FD. A long‐term evaluation of its effectiveness follows.
Serum iron levels in tuberculosis patients and household contacts and its association with natural resistance‐associated macrophage protein 1 polymorphism and expression
Authors: Waworuntu Wiendra , Tanoerahardjo Francisca Srioetami , Mallongi Anwar , Ahmad Ahyar , Amin Muhammad , Djaharuddin Irawaty , Bukhari Agussalim , Tabri Nur Ahmad , Bahar Burhanuddin , Hidayah Najdah , Halik Handayani , Massi Muhammad Nasrum
Published: August 2023

Background

Iron deficiency can impair immune function, increasing tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility and severity. The research aimed to investigate iron deficiency anemia in TB patients and household contacts and its association with natural resistance‐associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) polymorphism and expression.

Methods

The levels of iron, ferritin, and transferrin were measured in the serum by ELISA (Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay). NRAMP1 polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. NRAMP1 gene expression was measured by real‐time PCR. Interferon‐gamma release assay (IGRA) checked on household contacts to screen household contacts with positive IGRA as the control.

Results

This study involved 35 TB cases and 35 TB contacts. The results showed that the serum Fe levels were found to be lower in the TB case group (median 149.6 μmol/L) than in the positive IGRA household contacts group (median 628.53 μmol/L) with a p‐value <0.001. Meanwhile, ferritin levels in TB cases tended to be higher, in contrast to transferrin, which was found to tend to be lower in TB cases than household contacts but did not show a significant difference. This study found no association between the polymorphism of exon 15 D543 and active TB. However, NRAMP1 gene expression was lower in TB cases than in positive IGRA household contacts (p = 0.011). Besides, there was a positive correlation between NRAMP1 gene expression and serum Fe levels (r = 0.367, p = 0.006). TB was associated with decreased NRAMP1 gene expression (OR 0.086 95% CI 0.02–0.366, p = 0.001). Besides, TB was associated with low Fe levels (OR 0.533 95% CI 0.453–0.629, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Comparing the TB case to the household contacts group, decreased serum Fe levels were discovered in the TB case group. This study also shows a correlation of NRAMP1 gene expression to Fe levels in TB patients and household contacts and describes that TB may lead to decreased Fe levels by downregulating NRAMP1 expression.
Will passive acoustic monitoring make result‐based payments more attractive? A cost comparison with human observation for farmland bird monitoring
Authors: Markova‐Nenova Nonka , Engler Jan O. , Cord Anna F. , Wätzold Frank
Published: August 2023

Result‐based payments (RBPs) reward land users for conservation outcomes and are a promising alternative to standard payments, which are targeted at specific land use measures. A major barrier to the implementation of RBPs, particularly for the conservation of mobile species, is the substantial monitoring cost. Passive acoustic monitoring may offer promising opportunities for low‐cost monitoring as an alternative to human observation. We develop a costing framework for comparing human observation and passive acoustic monitoring and apply it to a hypothetical RBP scheme for farmland bird conservation. We consider three different monitoring scenarios: daytime monitoring for the whinchat and the ortolan bunting, nighttime monitoring for the gray partridge and the common quail, and day‐and‐night monitoring for all four species. We also examine the effect of changes in relevant parameters (such as participating area, travel distance and required monitoring time) on the cost comparison. Our results show that passive acoustic monitoring is still more expensive than human observation for daytime monitoring. In contrast, passive acoustic monitoring has a cost advantage for nighttime as well as day‐and‐nighttime monitoring in all considered scenarios.
Deriving protein binding‐corrected chemical concentrations for in vitro testing
Authors: Kolli Aditya R.
Published: August 2023

Extracellular chemical concentrations are considered physiologically relevant for in vitro testing and are evaluated in traditional in vitro systems using cell culture media containing 5%–10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, depending on the physicochemical properties, and in vitro testing conditions, cells could be exposed to variable unbound extracellular concentrations. If in vitro unbound concentrations are not calculated, it is challenging to distinguish the chemical potency and concentration‐driven responses. In this study, one‐ and two‐protein binding models were used to estimate protein binding corrected chemical concentrations of various chemicals for in vitro testing. As ceftizoxime, moxifloxacin, and nicotine have low protein binding affinity, the in vitro protein binding in 5%–10% FBS is less than 5% and can be considered negligible. However, protein binding of moderate and highly protein‐bound chemicals must be corrected for as the in vitro unbound concentrations in 5%–10% FBS containing cell culture media will vary over a range of chemical concentrations. In vitro pharmacological and toxicological assessments must incorporate protein binding‐adjusted in vitro concentrations to ensure physiologically relevant exposures. A user‐friendly Excel spreadsheet is provided to help bench scientists calculate protein binding‐corrected chemical concentrations for in vitro testing.
Impact of Chinese Local Government‐led Construction Land Supply Strategies on Urban Innovation and its Spatiotemporal Differences
Authors: Wang Jian , Peng Shangui , Yan Siqi , Guo Guancheng , Wu Qun
Published: August 2023

This study constructs a theoretical framework to analyze the impact of local government‐led construction land supply (LGCLS) strategies on urban innovation. It uses data related to 265 cities in China from 2005 to 2019 for empirical analysis. Its conclusions are as follows. For development stage differences, the impact of LGCLS strategies on urban innovation exhibited an inverted U shape with economic growth. The inflection point occurred when the per capita GDP equaled approximately RMB23,101 in 2008. For regional differences, the inflection point in eastern China is higher and earlier than that in central and western China; before the inflection point, the positive influence was more obvious in the central and western regions, whereas after the inflection point, the negative influence was more obvious in the eastern region. For the eastern Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations and the northwestern resource‐based urban agglomerations with relatively high per capita GDP, the negative impact of LGCLS strategies on urban innovation occurred earlier and showed spatial agglomeration characteristics.
Prevalence of orofacial injuries resulting from trauma in individuals with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Heiden Giovanna Santeli , Andrade Raphael Victor Silva , de Mattos de Araujo Bianca Marques , da Silva‐Neto Ulisses Xavier , Baratto‐Filho Flares , Zeigelboim Bianca Simone , de Castro Corrêa Camila , Taveira Karinna Veríssimo Meira , de Araujo Cristiano Miranda
Published: August 2023

Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) may have cognitive, sensitive, behavioral, communicative, and convulsive disorders. Because defensive reflexes are reduced by CP, the risk of orofacial trauma is greater in these individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of orofacial injuries resulting from trauma in patients with CP. This review was reported according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO—CRD42022293570). The search was performed for articles published until January 2023 in Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Gray literature was also consulted through Google Scholar, OpenGrey, ProQuest Dissertations, and Theses. Studies in which orofacial injuries due to trauma were prevalent in individuals with CP were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Additionally, a random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted. Twelve studies were included in the synthesis, of which nine presented a low risk of bias and three presented a moderate risk. When considering the general prevalence of orofacial injuries in patients with CP, a prevalence of 34% [95% CI = 18%–52%; I2 = 98%] was observed, with enamel and dentin fractures being the most common orofacial injuries. Approximately one in three patients with CP showed at least one type of orofacial injury involving dental trauma. There is a lack of literature assessing the prevalence of these traumas in soft tissues and the evidence for this outcome remains uncertain.
Identification, pathogenicity and control of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe elevata on Eucalyptus pellita in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Oliveira Leonardo S. S. , Saha Muhamad A. , Jami Fahimeh , Asfa Rianza , Maretha Maggie V. , Sipayung Jaliaman , Tarigan Marthin , Duran Alvaro
Published: August 2023

Powdery mildews are biotrophic ascomycetes that do not typically kill their hosts, but instead interfere with normal plant growth. In Indonesia, white powdery spots were observed forming on the upper part of fully developed leaves of Eucalyptus pellita planted in sand beds of a clonal nursery. Thus, this study aimed to identify the causal agent of eucalypt powdery mildew in Indonesia as well as to develop control strategies to better manage the disease. Pathogen identification was based on morphology, molecular characterization of DNA sequencing the ITS region and pathogenicity test. In addition, considering that some powdery mildews are inhibited by free moisture on leaves, efficacy of foliar watering was tested for disease control. Phylogenetic analyses showed that isolates collected from infected eucalypt plants grouped together with other sequences of the Erysiphe elevata clade with bootstrap support of 99%; a similar result was also confirmed by morphological observations. Pathogenicity of powdery mildew on eucalypt plants was confirmed through artificial inoculation, thus fulfilling the Koch's postulates. For disease control, foliar watering reduced the incidence of powdery mildew on mother plants. The reduction of the disease incidence began to be more evident at 2 weeks after trial establishment, and in the fourth week, the incidence was below 10% in all three treatments, while the control was above 20%. Therefore, we concluded that E. elevata is the causal agent of powdery mildew in Indonesia and that one application of foliar watering per week was enough to minimize the disease impact in the nursery.
Contrasting genomic consequences of anthropogenic reintroduction and natural recolonization in high‐arctic wild reindeer
Authors: Burnett Hamish A. , Bieker Vanessa C. , Le Moullec Mathilde , Peeters Bart , Rosvold Jørgen , Pedersen Åshild Ønvik , Dalén Love , Loe Leif Egil , Jensen Henrik , Hansen Brage B. , Martin Michael D.
Published: August 2023

Anthropogenic reintroduction can supplement natural recolonization in reestablishing a species' distribution and abundance. However, both reintroductions and recolonizations can give rise to founder effects that reduce genetic diversity and increase inbreeding, potentially causing the accumulation of genetic load and reduced fitness. Most current populations of the endemic high‐arctic Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) originate from recent reintroductions or recolonizations following regional extirpations due to past overharvesting. We investigated and compared the genomic consequences of these two paths to reestablishment using whole‐genome shotgun sequencing of 100 Svalbard reindeer across their range. We found little admixture between reintroduced and natural populations. Two reintroduced populations, each founded by 12 individuals around four decades (i.e. 8 reindeer generations) ago, formed two distinct genetic clusters. Compared to the source population, these populations showed only small decreases in genome‐wide heterozygosity and increases in inbreeding and lengths of runs of homozygosity. In contrast, the two naturally recolonized populations without admixture possessed much lower heterozygosity, higher inbreeding and longer runs of homozygosity, possibly caused by serial population founder effects and/or fewer or more genetically related founders than in the reintroduction events. Naturally recolonized populations can thus be more vulnerable to the accumulation of genetic load than reintroduced populations. This suggests that in some organisms even small‐scale reintroduction programs based on genetically diverse source populations can be more effective than natural recolonization in establishing genetically diverse populations. These findings warrant particular attention in the conservation and management of populations and species threatened by habitat fragmentation and loss.
Requisite instruments for the establishment of three‐dimensional epidermal human skin equivalents—A methods review
Authors: Czyz Christianna Marie , Kunth Paul Werner , Gruber Florian , Kremslehner Christopher , Hammers Christoph Matthias , Hundt Jennifer Elisabeth
Published: August 2023

Human skin equivalents (HSEs) are three‐dimensional skin organ culture models raised in vitro. This review gives an overview of common techniques for setting up HSEs. The HSE consists of an artificial dermis and epidermis. 3T3‐J2 murine fibroblasts, purchased human fibroblasts or freshly isolated and cultured fibroblasts, together with other components, for example, collagen type I, are used to build the scaffold. Freshly isolated and cultured keratinocytes are seeded on top. It is possible to add other cell types, for example, melanocytes, to the HSE—depending on the research question. After several days and further steps, the 3D skin can be harvested. Additionally, we show possible markers and techniques for evaluation of artificial skin. Furthermore, we provide a comparison of HSEs to human skin organ culture, a model which employs human donor skin. We outline advantages and limitations of both models and discuss future perspectives in using HSEs.
Consistent features of the gut microbiota in response to diverse shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei diseases: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Mao Jiangning , Lu Jiaqi , Chen Jiong , Xiong Jinbo
Published: August 2023

Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota has been intimately implicated in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeidae) diseases. However, considering the variety of shrimp diseases and the variability in experimental conditions, studies addressing common features of the gut microbiota−shrimp disease relationship are limited. Through an unbiased subject‐level meta‐analysis framework, 463 shrimp gut bacterial communities from 27 studies were re‐analysed, including six lifestages and eight diseases of shrimp, with the causal agents of viral, bacterial, eukaryotic, and unknown pathogens. Shrimp lifestages and diseases were the predominant factors governing the gut microbiota. After ruling out the top lifestage‐ and disease‐specific discriminatory amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from the gut microbiota, the top 27 disease common‐discriminatory ASVs were identified, contributing to an overall accuracy of 95.9% in diagnosing shrimp health status. By using these optimisation procedures, the accuracy of our diagnosis model was unbiased by shrimp lifestage, specific disease, sampling size, hypervariable region and sequencing platform. The shrimp eight diseases consistently and significantly increased the relative importance of stochasticity, the relative abundance of pathogenic potentials and diversified core ASVs, whereas decreased the diversity and stability of gut microbiota. Collectively, these findings illustrate the effectiveness of meta‐analysis in determining the robust and common features of the shrimp gut microbiota in response to diverse diseases. In particular, disease common‐discriminatory ASVs could accurately diagnose shrimp health status, although the data are divergent in biotic and technical variances.
Investigation on fatigue performance of open‐hole plates treated by dynamic cold expansion under large expansion size based on electromagnetic loading
Authors: Zheng Guo , Cao Zengqiang , Talemi Reza
Published: August 2023

This study aims to explore the upper limit of expansion size in dynamic cold expansion (DCE) and discuss the fatigue life enhancement mechanisms of this process. To achieve this, fatigue tests were conducted and the fractured surfaces were analyzed. Residual stress was measured both experimentally and numerically, and micromorphology was investigated. The stress distributions were also used to predict the fatigue life, with corresponding investigations of static cold expansion (SCE) conducted for comparison. The results indicate that the DCE process can achieve a larger upper limit expansion size than the SCE, leading to an extension of higher fatigue life. Additionally, the DCE induces larger compressive residual stress, especially at the mandrel entrance layer, and more significant grain refinement than the SCE. These factors are considered as the main mechanisms responsible for the fatigue life enhancement in the DCE process. The predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Cultural representation in German as a foreign language textbooks used in Indonesia: A critical social semiotic analysis
Authors: Lendo Sjuul Juliana , Widodo Handoyo P. , Fadlilah Sayyidatul , Qonnita Tsabita R.
Published: August 2023

Informed by an integrated critical social semiotic approach, the present critical discourse study investigates the semiotic relations of image–text and the cultural meanings encapsulated in two German language textbooks: Studio d A1 and Netzwerk A1 widely used in Indonesia. Adopting Xiong and Peng's semiotic relation model, the findings demonstrate that Netzwerk A1 provides learners with opportunities to learn, think, and reflect critically on German culture through pedagogical questions regarding image–text‐pedagogy discussion. However, the image–text in Studio d A1 emphasizes the acquisition of linguistic knowledge and does not engage learners in exploring and negotiating their cultural repertoire. This empirical evidence suggests that language textbook writers should consider designing culturally responsive language learning tasks to engage learners in the active construction of cultural knowledge in practice.
Climate change is predicted to cause population collapse in a cooperative breeder
Authors: Rabaiotti Daniella , Coulson Tim , Woodroffe Rosie
Published: August 2023

It has been suggested that animals may have evolved cooperative breeding strategies in response to extreme climatic conditions. Climate change, however, may push species beyond their ability to cope with extreme climates, and reduce the group sizes in cooperatively breeding species to a point where populations are no longer viable. Predicting the impact of future climates on these species is challenging as modelling the impact of climate change on their population dynamics requires information on both group‐ and individual‐level responses to climatic conditions. Using a single‐sex individual‐based model incorporating demographic responses to ambient temperature in an endangered species, the African wild dog Lycaon pictus, we show that there is a threshold temperature above which populations of the species are predicted to collapse. For simulated populations with carrying capacities equivalent to the median size of real‐world populations (nine packs), extinction risk increases once temperatures exceed those predicted in the best‐case climate warming scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP] 2.6). The threshold is higher (between RCP 4.5 and RCP 6.0) for larger simulated populations (30 packs), but 84% of real‐world populations number <30 packs. Simulated populations collapsed because, at high ambient temperatures, juvenile survival was so low that packs were no longer recruiting enough individuals to persist, leading them to die out. This work highlights the importance of social dynamics in determining impacts of climatic variables on social species, and the critical role that recruitment can play in driving population‐level impacts of climate change. Population models parameterised on long‐term data are essential for predicting future population viability under climate change.
Effect of harvest frequency and season on morphogenic and structural characteristics of dwarf and tall Elephantgrass genotypes
Authors: Alencar Elisvaldo José Silva , Santos Mércia Virginia Ferreira Dos , da Cunha Márcio Vieira , de Mello Alexandre Carneiro Leão , Lucena Jorge Eduardo Cavalcante , Leopoldino Neto Antonio , Peixôto Thaíse Virgínia Freire Ramos , Silva Natália Viana da
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two harvest frequencies (60 and 90 days) on the morphogenic and structural characteristics of four Elephantgrass genotypes (two tall and two dwarf) in both rainy and dry seasons. The research was conducted in Garanhuns, Brazil from September 2019 to December 2021. The morphogenic characteristics evaluated included leaf appearance rate, stem and leaf elongation rate, phyllochron, plant height, stem diameter, leaf and stem length, basal tiller population density, and number of leaves per tiller. The results showed that Elephant B had the highest leaf elongation rate among all genotypes, both in the rainy and dry seasons. During the rainy season, the tall genotypes showed higher stem elongation rates compared to the dwarf genotypes. The tall genotypes also had lower phyllochron values. Taiwan A‐146 2.37 had a higher population density of basal tillers by 30%–37% compared to other genotypes. During the dry season, the stem elongation rate of Taiwan A‐146 2.37 was slower compared to the rainy season. The study showed that the harvest frequency had an effect on the morphogenic characteristics of Elephantgrass genotypes, with 60 days harvest resulting in higher leaf elongation rates. Elephant B was superior in terms of leaf elongation at both harvest frequencies. The results indicate that the season also plays a role in the morphogenic characteristics of the genotypes. This study provides insights into the optimal cutting strategies for Elephantgrass based on the size of the plant and season.
The influence of soil potassium status on the productivity of docks (Rumex obtusifolius L.) in intensively managed temperate grassland
Authors: O'Donovan T. , Casey I. A. , Humphreys J.
Published: August 2023

Docks are a widespread problem in grassland, necessitating novel management solutions as pesticides become increasingly regulated. The objective was to investigate the role of soil test Potassium (K) concentrations (Morgan's solution; Na acetate + acetic acid, pH 4.8; STK) on competitiveness of docks in grassland. The experimental site (52°21 N, 7°18 W) was reseeded with perennial ryegrass in October 2009. A plot experiment was laid down in a randomised complete block design with seven rates of fertiliser K (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg ha−1) and eight replicates. Dock numbers were measured over 6 years (2010–2015) and herbage production over 5 years (2012–2016). There was poor alignment between fertiliser K and STK in the early years of the study, however this alignment improved over time. While fertiliser K had no effect on dock numbers, there were positive correlations between STK early in the study and dock numbers m−2 throughout the study. Dock numbers m−2 were relatively static between 2010 and 2012 and increased substantially between 2013 and 2015. Between 2013 and 2016 there were strong inverse relationships (r > −.765; p < .001) between dock and grass herbage production. Towards the end of the study the lower annual fertiliser K inputs (0 and 50 kg ha−1) resulted in lower (p < .01) dock root and herbage production with an associated increase (p < .05) in grass herbage production. It is evident there is a threshold STK for permanent grassland infested with docks at which grass is more competitive for plant‐available soil K than the docks to the detriment of the dock component of the sward.
Unmasking the politics of policy‐driven change (or not) for gender diversity
Authors: Rosser Heidi , Ryan Irene , Myers Barbara
Published: August 2023

This article places a critical lens over one part of an empirical study to explore the political reasons for why (or why not) women on boards policies are effective (or not) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Political intersectionality is used as a heuristic tool to link the political agendas of macro level public policies to meso‐level organizational processes and how these (re)shape the micro‐level everyday politics of structural privilege and disadvantage. Interview data from 10 influential male directors show how the political agendas of powerful interest groups can shape the dialog and further embed the status quo by promoting a business case for gender diversity based on the inherent assumption that it incentivizes businesses to function as meritocracies. We argue that power and conflicting political interests must be addressed if diversity‐related interventions are to achieve the desired gender equity and social justice outcomes in a board membership.
Transition readiness among adolescents and young adults with haemophilia in the Netherlands: Nationwide questionnaire study
Authors: Brands Martijn R. , Janssen Ebony A. M. , Cnossen Marjon H. , Smit Cees , van Vulpen Lize F. D. , van der Valk Paul R. , Eikenboom Jeroen , Heubel‐Moenen Floor C. J. I. , Hooimeijer Louise , Ypma Paula , Nieuwenhuizen Laurens , Coppens Michiel , Schols Saskia E. M. , Laros‐van Gorkom Britta A. P. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Driessens Mariëtte H. E. , Rosendaal Frits R. , van der Bom Johanna G. , Fijnvandraat Karin , Gouw Samantha C.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Care for adolescents with haemophilia is transferred from paediatric to adult care around the age of 18 years. Transition programs help to prepare adolescents for this transfer and prevent declining treatment adherence. Evaluating transition readiness may identify areas for improvement.

Objective

Assess transition readiness among Dutch adolescents and young adults with haemophilia, determine factors associated with transition readiness, and identify areas of improvement in transition programs.

Methods

All Dutch adolescents and young adults aged 12–25 years with haemophilia were invited to participate in a nationwide questionnaire study. Transition readiness was assessed using multiple‐choice questions and was defined as being ready or almost ready for transition. Potential factors associated with transition readiness were investigated, including: socio‐demographic and disease‐related factors, treatment adherence, health‐related quality of life, and self‐efficacy.

Results

Data of 45 adolescents and 84 young adults with haemophilia (47% with severe haemophilia) were analyzed. Transition readiness increased with age, from 39% in 12–14 year‐olds to 63% in 15–17 year‐olds. Nearly all post‐transition young adults (92%, 77/84) reported they were ready for transition. Transition readiness was associated with treatment adherence, as median VERITAS‐Pro treatment adherence scores were worse in patients who were not ready (17, IQR 9–29), compared to those ready for transition (11, IQR 9–16). Potential improvements were identified: getting better acquainted with the adult treatment team prior to transition and information on managing healthcare costs.

Conclusions

Nearly all post‐transition young adults reported they were ready for transition. Improvements were identified regarding team acquaintance and preparation for managing healthcare costs.
Changes in opioid prescribing in veterans with headache during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A regression discontinuity in time analysis
Authors: Wang Kaicheng , Fenton Brenda T. , Skanderson Melissa , Black Anne C. , Becker William C. , Seng Elizabeth K. , Anthony Sarah E. , Guirguis Alexander B. , Altalib Hamada H. , Kimber Addison , Lorenze Nancy , Scholten Joel D. , Graham Glenn D. , Sandbrink Friedhelm , Sico Jason J.
Published: August 2023

Objective

To determine changes in opioid prescribing among veterans with headaches during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic by comparing the stay‐at‐home phase (March 15 to May 30, 2020) and the reopening phase (May 31 to December 31, 2020).

Background

Opioid prescribing for chronic pain has declined substantially since 2016; however, changes in opioid prescribing during the COVID‐19 pandemic among veterans with headaches remain unknown.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study utilized regression discontinuity in time and difference‐in‐differences design to analyze veterans aged ≥18 years with a previous diagnosis of headache disorders and an outpatient visit to the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) during the study period. We measured the weekly number of opioid prescriptions, the number of days supplied, the daily dose in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs), and the number of prescriptions with ≥50 morphine equivalent daily doses (MEDD).

Results

A total of 81,376 veterans were analyzed with 589,950 opioid prescriptions. The mean (SD) age was 51.6 (13.5) years, 57,242 (70.3%) were male, and 53,464 (65.7%) were White. During the pre‐pandemic period, 323.6 opioid prescriptions (interquartile range 292.1–325.8) were dispensed weekly, with an median (IQR) of 24.1 (24.0–24.4) days supplied and 31.8 (31.2–32.5) MMEs. Transition to stay‐at‐home was associated with a 7.7% decrease in the number of prescriptions (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.077, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.866–0.984) and a 9.8% increase in days supplied (IRR 1.098, 95% CI 1.078–1.119). Similar trends were observed during the reopening period. Subgroup analysis among veterans on long‐term opioid therapy also revealed 1.7% and 1.4% increases in days supplied during the stay‐at‐home (IRR 1.017, 95% CI 1.009–1.025) and reopening phase (IRR 1.014, 95% CI 1.007–1.021); however, changes in the total number of prescriptions, MME/day, or the number of prescriptions >50 MEDD were insignificant.

Conclusion

Prescription opioid access was maintained for veterans within VHA during the pandemic. The de‐escalation of opioid prescribing observed prior to the pandemic was not seen in our study.
Consumer behavior research in the 21st century: Clusters, themes, and future research agenda
Authors: Ma Zhenzhong , Guo Guangrui , Jing Lei
Published: August 2023

This study provides a quantitative overview of contemporary consumer behavior research in the 21st century (2001–2020) to inform future research directions in consumer behavior research. Using co‐citation analyses, this study identifies the most cited authors, publications, and academic journals in consumer behavior research in each of four 5‐year intervals in 2001–2020 to profile research themes and relationships among different research clusters. Key research themes are then mapped based on co‐citation matrices. The results show that major research themes in consumer behavior research in the last two decades have shifted from the focus on fundamentals of consumer behavior, consumers' decision‐making process, development of more robust measures and analytical methods to the focus on service quality and consumer satisfaction, online consumer behavior and virtual communities, sustainable consumption, as well as the experiential aspects of consumer behavior. The findings help map the invisible knowledge network embedded in contemporary consumer behavior research and shed light on future research agenda in consumer behavior studies.
Deep‐learning prostate cancer detection and segmentation on biparametric versus multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: Added value of dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging
Authors: Matsuoka Yoh , Ueno Yoshihiko , Uehara Sho , Tanaka Hiroshi , Kobayashi Masaki , Tanaka Hajime , Yoshida Soichiro , Yokoyama Minato , Kumazawa Itsuo , Fujii Yasuhisa
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To develop diagnostic algorithms of multisequence prostate magnetic resonance imaging for cancer detection and segmentation using deep learning and explore values of dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging in multiparametric imaging, compared with biparametric imaging.

Methods

We collected 3227 multiparametric imaging sets from 332 patients, including 218 cancer patients (291 biopsy‐proven foci) and 114 noncancer patients. Diagnostic algorithms of T2‐weighted, T2‐weighted plus dynamic contrast‐enhanced, biparametric, and multiparametric imaging were built using 2578 sets, and their performance for clinically significant cancer was evaluated using 649 sets.

Results

Biparametric and multiparametric imaging had following region‐based performance: sensitivity of 71.9% and 74.8% (p = 0.394) and positive predictive value of 61.3% and 74.8% (p = 0.013), respectively. In side‐specific analyses of cancer images, the specificity was 72.6% and 89.5% (p < 0.001) and the negative predictive value was 78.9% and 83.5% (p = 0.364), respectively. False‐negative cancer on multiparametric imaging was smaller (p = 0.002) and more dominant with grade group ≤2 (p = 0.028) than true positive foci. In the peripheral zone, false‐positive regions on biparametric imaging turned out to be true negative on multiparametric imaging more frequently compared with the transition zone (78.3% vs. 47.2%, p = 0.018). In contrast, T2‐weighted plus dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging had lower specificity than T2‐weighted imaging (41.1% vs. 51.6%, p = 0.042).

Conclusions

When using deep learning, multiparametric imaging provides superior performance to biparametric imaging in the specificity and positive predictive value, especially in the peripheral zone. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging helps reduce overdiagnosis in multiparametric imaging.
Using citizen science data to assess the population genetic structure of the common yellowjacket wasp, Vespula vulgaris
Authors: Cunningham‐Eurich Iona , Kontou Danai , Yordanova Monika , Maeda‐Obregon Alejandro , Favreau Emeline , Wang Jinliang , Hart Adam G. , Sumner Seirian
Published: August 2023

Monitoring insect genetic diversity and population structure has never been more important to manage the biodiversity crisis. Citizen science has become an increasingly popular tool to gather ecological data affordably across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. To date, most insect‐related citizen science initiatives have focused on occurrence and abundance data. Here, we show that poorly preserved insect samples collected by citizen scientists can yield population genetic information, providing new insights into population connectivity, genetic diversity and dispersal behaviour of little‐studied insects. We analysed social wasps collected by participants of the Big Wasp Survey, a citizen science project that aims to map the diversity and distributions of vespine wasps in the UK. Although Vespula vulgaris is a notorious invasive species around the world, it remains poorly studied in its native range. We used these data to assess the population genetic structure of the common yellowjacket V. vulgaris at different spatial scales. We found a single, panmictic population across the UK with little evidence of population genetic structuring; the only possible limit to gene flow is the Irish sea, resulting in significant differentiation between the Northern Ireland and mainland UK populations. Our results suggest that queens disperse considerable distances from their natal nests to found new nests, resulting in high rates of gene flow and thus little differentiation across the landscape. Citizen science data has made it feasible to perform this study, and we hope that it will encourage future projects to adopt similar practices in insect population monitoring.
Prognostic value of patient reported outcomes in advanced gastro‐oesophageal cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Naher Sayeda K. , Mercieca‐Bebber Rebecca , Siu Derrick , Grimison Peter , Stockler Martin R.
Published: August 2023

To summarise the prognostic value of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in advanced gastro‐oesophageal (GO) cancer. We systematically searched multiple databases using search terms related to advanced GO cancer, PRO and prognosis. Studies examining the relationship between baseline PROs and prognosis were included. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data on study design, survival and associations between PROs and survival, in both univariable and multivariable analyses. QUIPS was used for quality assessment. From 3004 studies screened, seven studies were eligible, comprising PRO data from 2761 of 3408 (81%) participants. Median survival times ranged from 4.5 to 9.5 months. Among participants with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), physical functioning, social functioning and fatigue (QLQ‐C30) were associated with overall survival (OS) in one univariable analysis. Among three studies of participants with adenocarcinoma, univariable analyses revealed associations between OS and global quality of life (QOL), physical functioning, role functioning and social functioning; two studies showed association with pain. There was an association between emotional functioning, fatigue, lack of mobility, lack of self‐care, appetite loss/anorexia and OS in one study. One multivariable analysis among participants with oesophageal SCC showed physical and social functioning was associated with OS. Among participants with adenocarcinoma, multivariable analyses showed associations between OS and physical functioning/lack of mobility, appetite loss/anorexia (three studies), global QOL, role functioning/lack of self‐care, pain (two studies) and social functioning (one study). Physical functioning, role functioning, social functioning, pain, anorexia and global QOL were associated with OS in advanced GO cancer.
Reconstruction of foot and ankle defects using the vaccum sealing drainage versus the induced‐membrane the elderly: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Zhou Feiya , Zhang Yingying , Gao Jianyuan , Xiang Guangheng , Li Zhijie , Cai Leyi
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the reconstructive outcomes of soft‐tissue defects around foot and ankle with vaccum sealing drainage (VSD) or induction membrane (IM) of cement formation and attempt to provide an optimal strategy for elderly patients. A retrospective review of all continuous patients with foot and ankle reconstruction using different flaps from October of 2016 and October of 2020 was performed. Based on the different way, the patients were divided into two groups: VSD group (n = 26) and IM group (n = 27). Outcomes were assessed according to the size of the defect, frequency of debridement procedures, hospitalization time, duration of healing, the healing rate, major amputation rate, functional outcomes and complications. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was also be completed. We found that there was no difference in demographic characteristics, size of the defect, debridement times and functional outcomes between the two groups (p > 0.05); however, a significant difference in the wound healing time, hospitalization time and complications were noted between them(p < 0.05). The fresh granulation tissue of both groups showed abundant positive expression of VEGF. Thus, the VSD and IM are both available for foot and ankle reconstruction in elderly patients. However, the IM group offers short hospitalization time, duration of healing and lower frequency of postoperative complications. Thus, we advocate the IM for reconstruction of defects of the foot and ankle region in the elderly patients.
The Difficulty of Making Good Work Available to All
Authors: Brixel Pascal
Published: August 2023

How might good work – skilled, autonomous work which affords workers opportunities for meaningful social cooperation in decent conditions – be made available to all? I evaluate five commonly advanced strategies: an unregulated labor market, egalitarian redistribution of resources, state regulation, collective bargaining, and workplace democracy. Each, I argue, has significant limitations. An unregulated labor market ignores workers' unduly weak bargaining power vis‐à‐vis employers. Egalitarian redistribution alone fails to solve this problem due to distinctive and endemic imperfections of labor markets. Direct state regulation is insufficiently context‐sensitive and insufficiently dynamic in the face of technological and other developments. Collective bargaining gives workers only indirect and sometimes costly influence over their working conditions. And workplace democracy leaves workers vulnerable to collective action problems induced by competition between firms. I argue, however, that these strategies can be complemented in a promising way by ‘syndicalist economic democracy’: direct worker participation in the government of the economy, largely specific to particular occupations or economic sectors but above the level of the individual workplace.
Knockdown of Bach1 protects periodontal bone regeneration from inflammatory damage
Authors: Yuan Zhiyao , Li Junjie , Zou Xihong , Liu Chaoyi , Lu Jiangyue , Ni Can , Tang Lai , Wu Xudong , Yan Fuhua
Published: August 2023

Periodontal bone regeneration is a major challenge in the treatment of periodontitis. However, the regenerative vitality of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) declines in the environment of periodontitis and accompanying oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the functional mechanisms of Bach1, a transcriptional suppressor involved in oxidative stress response, and its regulation of PDLC osteogenesis under inflammatory conditions. We observed a significant elevation in Bach1 expression in periodontal tissues with periodontitis and PDLCs under inflammatory conditions. Knockdown of Bach1 alleviated the inflammation‐induced oxidative stress level and partly offset the inhibitory effect of inflammatory conditions on osteogenesis, as well as the expression of osteogenic genes BMP6, OPG and RUNX2. Similarly, knockdown of Bach1 protects PDLCs from inflammatory damage to periodontal bone regeneration in vivo. Furthermore, we found that Bach1 could bind to the histone methyltransferase EZH2, and the binding increased under inflammatory conditions. Bach1 enhanced the ability of EZH2 to catalyse H3K27me3 on the promoter region of RUNX2 and BMP6, thus repressing the expression of osteoblastic genes. In conclusion, our study revealed that knockdown of Bach1 effectively rescued the osteogenesis and oxidative stress of PDLCs with inflammation. Bach1 could be a promising target for enhancing periodontal tissue regeneration under periodontitis conditions.