bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВПЛИВ МЕЛАТОНІНУ НА СТАН ОКСИДАНТНОЇ ТА АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМ І РІВЕНЬ ГІДРОГЕН СУЛЬФІДУ В КРОВІ ЩУРІВ ЗА УМОВ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ НЕФРОПАТІЇ
Authors: Коляник І. О. , Геруш І. В. , Григор’єва Н. П.
Published: June 2021

Вступ. Окиснювальний стрес залучений у патогенез різноманітних захворювань, включаючи гостре і хронічне ушкодження нирок, та характеризується підвищенням внутрішньоклітинного рівня активних форм оксигену. Це відіграє важливу роль у розвитку нефропатії та є потенційною ціллю для терапевтичного втручання. В останні роки актуальне також вивчення ролі Н2S у підтриманні окисно-відновного гомеостазу та впливу на активність антиоксидантного захисту. Одним із найбільш поширених антиоксидантів є мелатонін. Він здатний перехоплювати вільні радикали та стимулювати активність антиоксидантних ензимів. Однак залишаються нез’ясованими механізми його впливу на вміст Н2S та антиоксидантну систему крові при нефропатії.

Мета дослідження – з’ясувати вплив мелатоніну на стан біохімічних показників, оксидантної та антиоксидантої систем і рівень гідроген сульфіду в крові щурів за умов експериментальної нефропатії.

Методи дослідження. Експеримент проведено на 127 нелінійних щурах-самцях масою 0,16–0,18 кг. Експериментальну нефропатію моделювали шляхом одноразового внутрішньочеревного введення фоліє­вої кислоти в дозі 250 мг/кг маси тіла. Мелатонін вводили інтрагастрально впродовж 3 та 7 днів після моделювання нефропатії в дозі 10 мг/кг. У плазмі крові визначали вміст сечовини, креатиніну, ТБК-активних продуктів, карбонільних похідних протеїнів нейтрального (ОМП370) та основного (ОМП430) характеру, церулоплазміну, SH-груп і Н2S, у гемолізаті еритроцитів – активність каталази, супероксиддисмутази (SOD), глутатіонпероксидази (GPx) та глутатіон-S-трансферази (GST).

Результати й обговорення. За умов нефропатії у крові щурів спостерігали підвищення концентрації сечовини, креатиніну, вмісту ТБК-активних продуктів, ОМБ370, ОМБ430, церулоплазміну та зниження активності антиоксидантних ензимів, таких, як каталаза, SOD, GPx, GST, а також вмісту SH-груп і Н2S. Ці зміни свідчили про порушення функціонального стану нирок, розвиток окиснювального стресу та виснаження антиоксидантного захисту. Введення мелатоніну впродовж 7 днів сприяло нормалізації показників, що характеризували функціональний стан нирок, оксидантний стан крові, та мало позитивний вплив на активність каталази, GPx, GST, рівень церулоплазміну, вміст SH-груп і Н2S.

Висновок. Введення екзогенного мелатоніну в дозі 10 мг/кг упродовж 3 і 7 днів знижує прояви нефротичного синдрому та вільнорадикального окиснення біомолекул, а також має нормалізуючий вплив на антиоксидантну систему і вміст Н2S, що, ймовірно, зумовлено його здатністю нейтралізувати вільні радикали та активувати антиоксидантні ензими.
РОЗРОБКА МЕТОДИКИ ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ МОНОСАХАРИДІВ У РІДКОМУ ЕКСТРАКТІ ЧЕБРЕЦЮ ПОВЗУЧОГО
Authors: Зарівна Н. О.
Published: June 2021

Вступ. Пріоритетним напрямком сучасної фармації є пошук і створення нових лікарських засобів на основі лікарської рослинної сировини. Фармацевтична розробка на основі густого екстракту чебрецю повзучого перш за все передбачала одержання рідкого екстракту даної рослини, який отримано за технологією, що дозволила максимально зберегти якісний склад біологічно активних речовин відповідної лікарської рослинної сировини. Оскільки при стандартизації трави чебрецю повзучого ідентифікаційними маркерами якості серед інших обрано моносахариди, доречним є вивчення якісного складу цих біологічно активних речовин і в досліджуваному екстракті, адже для них характерний широкий спектр фармакологічної дії.

Мета дослідження – розробити методику ідентифікації моносахаридів у рідкому екстракті чебрецю повзучого після проведення попереднього гідролізу та обрати відповідні маркери якості.

Методи дослідження. Під час дослідження використано рідкий екстракт чебрецю повзучого, стандартні зразки речовин: арабінози, галактози, рамнози, фруктози, глюкози, ксилози (“Fluka”), хроматографічні пластинки “Silica gel” фірми “Merck”, прилад для автоматичного нанесення проб на пластинку “CAMAG Linomat 5”, хроматографічну камеру “GAMAG”, УФ-лампу, метод тонкошарової хроматографії.

Результати й обговорення. Для стандартизації рідкого екстракту чебрецю повзучого було розглянуто можливість ідентифікації аналогічних біологічно активних речовин сировини, продовжуючи запропонований підхід: лікарська рослинна сировина – екстракти – лікарський засіб. Якісний склад моносахаридів визначали методом тонкошарової хроматографії в системі розчинників вода Р – ацетонітрил Р у співвідношенні 15:85. Для розробки методики якісного визначення аналізованих біологічно активних речовин у рідкому екстракті чебрецю повзучого враховували різні способи та умови хроматографування, в результаті чого було підібрано оптимальну систему розчинників з хорошою роздільною здатністю, за допомогою якої проведено ідентифікацію моносахаридів у досліджуваному екстракті.

Висновки. Розроблено методику якісного визначення моносахаридів у рідкому екстракті чебрецю повзучого. У результаті дослідження ідентифіковано 7 моносахаридів, один з яких залишився невідомим у зв’язку з відсутністю необхідного стандарту, і запропоновано маркери якості досліджуваного екстракту (наявність фруктози та глюкози).
Comunicação e cultura transnacionalizadas: contribuições de Armand e Tristan Mattelart às geografias da comunicação
Authors: Aguiar Sonia
Published: June 2021

Este artigo procura evidenciar, por meio de análise bibliográfica comparativa, como as trajetórias intelectuais de Armand Mattelart e Tristan Mattelart – pai e filho – se entrecruzam, dialogam e se diferenciam em torno de referenciais geo-históricos e geoculturais dos fenômenos, sistemas, redes e políticas de comunicação e informação que investigam. A partir dessa perspectiva espacial, foi possível identificar que esses dois autores elegem escalas geográficas diferentes como ponto de partida para a abordagem dos objetos de estudo que privilegiam ao longo dos seus respectivos percursos acadêmicos. Entretanto, ambos se encontram no caráter transnacional e transfronteira dos fenômenos comunicacionais e culturais que observam.
Aportes da obra De Orwell al cibercontrol para entender o cibercontrole
Authors: Bonin Jiani Adriana
Published: June 2021

Neste texto são sistematizadas contribuições do livro De Orwell al cibercontrol, de Armand Mattelart e André Vitalis, para pensar a problemática do cibercontrole. São recuperados aportes para a compreensão do fenômeno em três dimensões: a) como nova forma de controle social, historicamente gestada e umbilicalmente ligada a interesses estatais, geopolíticos e econômicos associados ao desenvolvimento das tecnologias digitais; b) como nova modalidade de exercício do poder, distinta do poder disciplinar e c) como campo de contradições, com possibilidades de resistência e de contestação social. Junto à restauração destes aportes, são exploradas algumas linhas complementares para a investigação do cibercontrole contemporâneo.
A Vertente Mattelart como pensamento comunicacional crítico
Authors: Maldonado Alberto Efendy , Figaro Roseli
Published: June 2021

Introdução ao número especial sobre os Mattelart.
Para além dos dados coletados: políticas das APIs nas plataformas de mídias digitais
Authors: D'Andréa Carlos
Published: June 2021

O artigo discute questões conceituais e metodológicas a serem enfrentadas por pesquisas empíricas baseadas em dados obtidos através de Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) de plataformas online. Em diálogo com os Estudos de Plataforma, métodos digitais e outras abordagens ancoradas nos estudos de ciência e tecnologia (STS), o artigo volta-se para a relação entre as políticas das APIs e dimensões como affordances, governança, datificação e mediações algorítmicas em mídias sociais como Twitter e Facebook. Aspectos materiais, políticos, normativos e econômicos são discutidos por meio de exemplos que vão da implementação das primeiras APIs, nos anos 2000, aos desafios recentes, em especial após o escândalo Cambridge Analytica.
Corpo-drone: governamentalidade algorítmica e a modulação espaço-imagética
Authors: Carmelini Leandro , Mizoguchi Danichi Hausen , Araújo Pedro Felipe Moura de
Published: June 2021

Este texto trata da modulação espaço-imagética por meio dos algoritmos. Seguimos em quatro movimentos. O primeiro apresenta as lentes de realidade aumentada como dispositivos capazes de reconectar duas linhagens tecnológicas: a imagética e a locomotiva. O segundo discute transversais entre a cibernética e a inteligência artificial, a abrangência ilimitada da ação algorítmica e a renovação dos anseios por uma ultrapassagem do homem. O terceiro aborda os algoritmos como armadilhas cognitivas. Por último, são buscadas pistas em sistemas de biometria facial e carro autônomo para discutir a incorporação dos sistemas visuais de digitalização do espaço. Da somatória desses tópicos é proposta a noção de corpo-drone.
Television journalism, crime news and sourcing practices: findings from Argentina
Authors: Calzado Mercedes , Lio Vanesa
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the results of a research project on the new modes of production of television crime news. The enquiry involved monitoring television newscasts of the five major channels in Buenos Aires City and interviews with news workers. We analyze the news content, the ways of narrating and enunciating crime news on television, the role played by the police in the structure of the news, the emergence of new sources of information and the production routines of crime news. Our findings suggest that most of the newscasts on television give prominence to crime news within their agendas and that its production and presentation has changed as the result of the spread of digital technologies as sources of information.
Interdiscurso nas produções seriadas televisivas: um exercício demonstrativo
Authors: Gomes Mayra Rodrigues
Published: June 2021

O principal intento deste artigo é pavimentar um trajeto demonstrativo, a partir do conceito de interdiscurso, evidenciando algumas ocorrências substantivas nas produções comunicacionais. De início, explica-se o entendimento de interdiscurso como matriz das operações de linguagem para, a partir daí, fixar-se em produções seriadas audiovisuais nas quais essa matriz se faz muito clara no jogo das intertextualidades. Optou-se por destacar alguns traços como modalidades de processos: os pontos com que podemos testemunhar um trânsito entre elementos de diversas e diferentes naturezas e/ou procedências. Dessa forma, o primado do interdiscurso nas linguagens foi apresentado como a base para o engendramento de mundos no campo da comunicação.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Women Developing Heart Failure After Early Stage Breast Cancer Chemotherapy: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Abdel-Qadir Husam , Tai Felicia , Croxford Ruth , Austin Peter C. , Amir Eitan , Calvillo-Argüelles Oscar , Ross Heather , Lee Douglas S. , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh
Published: June 2021

Background:

The prognosis of heart failure (HF) after early stage breast cancer (EBC) treatment with anthracyclines or trastuzumab is not well-characterized.

Methods:

Using administrative databases, women diagnosed with HF after receiving anthracyclines or trastuzumab for EBC in Ontario during 2007 to 2017 (the EBC-HF cohort) were categorized by cardiotoxic exposure (anthracycline alone, trastuzumab alone, sequential therapy with both agents) and matched on age with ≤3 cancer-free HF controls to compare baseline characteristics. To study prognosis after HF onset, we conducted a second match on age plus important HF prognostic factors. The cumulative incidence function was used to describe risk of hospitalization or emergency department visits (hospital presentations) for HF and cardiovascular death.

Results:

A total of 804 women with EBC developed HF after anthracyclines (n=312), trastuzumab (n=112), or sequential therapy (n=380); they had significantly fewer comorbidities than 2411 age-matched HF controls. After the second match, the anthracycline-HF cohort had a similar 5-year incidence of HF hospital presentations (16.5% [95% CI, 12.0%–21.7%]) as controls (17.1% [95% CI, 14.4%–20.1%]); the 5-year incidence was lower than matched controls for the trastuzumab-HF (9.7% [95% CI, 4.7%–16.9%]; controls 16.4% [95% CI, 12.1%–21.3%];
P
=0.03) and sequential-HF cohorts (2.7% [95% CI, 1.4%–4.8%]; controls 10.8% [95% CI, 8.9%–13.0%];
P
<0.001). At 5 years, the incidence of cardiovascular death was 2.9% (95% CI, 1.2%–5.9%) in the anthracycline-HF cohort vs. 9.5% (95% CI, 6.9%–12.6%) in controls, and 1.7% (0.6%–3.7%) for women developing HF after trastuzumab vs. 4.3% (95% CI, 3.1–5.8%) for controls.

Conclusions:

Women developing HF after cardiotoxic EBC chemotherapy have fewer comorbidities than cancer-free women with HF; trastuzumab-treated women who develop HF have better prognosis than matched HF controls.
Multiparametric Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Algorithm for Heart Failure Risk Stratification and Management: An Analysis in Clinical Practice
Authors: Calò Leonardo , Bianchi Valter , Ferraioli Donatella , Santini Luca , Dello Russo Antonio , Carriere Cosimo , Santobuono Vincenzo Ezio , Andreoli Chiara , La Greca Carmelo , Arena Giuseppe , Talarico Antonello , Pisanò Ennio , Santoro Amato , Giammaria Massimo , Ziacchi Matteo , Viscusi Miguel , De Ruvo Ermenegildo , Campari Monica , Valsecchi Sergio , D’Onofrio Antonio , Minati M , Tota C , Martino A , Tavoletta V , Manzo M , Ammirati F , Mahfouz K , Colaiaco C , Guerra F , Zorzin Fantasia A , Amato V , Savarese G , Pellegrini D , Pimpinicchio L , Pecora D , Bartoli C , Borrello V.M , Ratti M , De Rosa F , Quirino F , Tomaselli C , Marino E , Baiocchi C , De Vivo O , Baccani B , Amellone C , Lucciola M.T , Angeletti A , Frisoni J , Brignoli M , Costa A , Pangallo A , Benedetto F , Pepi P , Nicolis D , Petracci B , Giubilato G , Carbonardi L , Porcelli D , Romani B , Zuccaro L.M.
Published: June 2021

Background:

The HeartLogic algorithm combines multiple implantable cardioverter-defibrillator sensors to identify patients at risk of heart failure (HF) events. We sought to evaluate the risk stratification ability of this algorithm in clinical practice. We also analyzed the alert management strategies adopted in the study group and their association with the occurrence of HF events.

Methods:

The HeartLogic feature was activated in 366 implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapy implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients at 22 centers. The median follow-up was 11 months [25th–75th percentile: 6–16]. The HeartLogic algorithm calculates a daily HF index and identifies periods IN alert state on the basis of a configurable threshold.

Results:

The HeartLogic index crossed the threshold value 273 times (0.76 alerts/patient-year) in 150 patients. The time IN alert state was 11% of the total observation period. Patients experienced 36 HF hospitalizations, and 8 patients died of HF during the observation period. Thirty-five events were associated with the IN alert state (0.92 events/patient-year versus 0.03 events/patient-year in the OUT of alert state). The hazard ratio in the IN/OUT of alert state comparison was (hazard ratio, 24.53 [95% CI, 8.55–70.38],
P
<0.001), after adjustment for baseline clinical confounders. Alerts followed by clinical actions were associated with less HF events (hazard ratio, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.14–0.99],
P
=0.047). No differences in event rates were observed between in-office and remote alert management.

Conclusions:

This multiparametric algorithm identifies patients during periods of significantly increased risk of HF events. The rate of HF events seemed lower when clinical actions were undertaken in response to alerts. Extra in-office visits did not seem to be required to effectively manage HeartLogic alerts.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02275637.
Electronic and Tobacco Cigarettes Alter Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxidative Biomarkers
Authors: Gupta Rajat , Lin Yan , Luna Karla , Logue Anjali , Yoon Alexander J. , Haptonstall Kacey P. , Moheimani Roya , Choroomi Yasmine , Nguyen Kevin , Tran Elizabeth , Zhu Yifang , Faull Kym F. , Kelesidis Theodoros , Gornbein Jeffrey , Middlekauff Holly R. , Araujo Jesus A.
Published: June 2021

Rationale:

Chronic electronic cigarette (EC) users exhibit a higher susceptibility of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) to undergo oxidation as compared with nonuser controls. However, there is a paucity of data regarding EC effects on lipid peroxidation in the blood and their relationship to cardiovascular risk.

Objective:

To test the hypothesis that chronic (≥1 year) EC use exerts intermediate effects on plasma lipid peroxidation and/or antioxidant defense compared with chronic tobacco cigarette (TC) smoking.

Methods and Results:

We enrolled EC-users (n=32), TC-smokers (n=29), and nonusers (n=45), with mean ages of 28.3, 27.8, and 27.4 years, respectively. Plasma concentrations of free polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxidized metabolites were assessed by mass spectrometry. Total antioxidant capacity, concentrations of glutathione, bilirubin, HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1), and functional activity of PON1 (paraoxonase1) were determined by colorimetric and enzymatic assays. Multivariable analysis was performed using classification models for segregating participants based on biomarker profiles. TC-smokers exhibited higher plasma arachidonic acid concentration. Instead, EC-users displayed lower plasma concentrations of both arachidonic acid and linoleic acid as compared to non-users and TC-smokers (
P
<0.05). Oxidized linoleic acid metabolites (9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) were lower in EC-users and TC-smokers as compared with nonusers (
P
<0.001). Consistently, total antioxidant capacity and bilirubin were elevated in EC-users and TC-smokers as compared with nonusers (
P
<0.05). Of interest, plasma HO-1 concentration was higher in TC-smokers as compared with nonusers (
P
=0.01) with intermediate levels in EC-users. Multivariable analysis identified 5 biomarkers (13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, linoleic acid, 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, arachidonic acid) that discriminated EC-users from TC-smokers and nonusers with an accuracy of 73.4%.

Conclusions:

Chronic use of EC induces common (ie, lower 9- and/or 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids and higher total antioxidant capacity and bilirubin) as well as differential effects (ie, altered arachidonic acid and linoleic acid concentrations) to those induced by TC, along with intermediate plasma HO-1 concentration, suggesting that EC, likewise TC smoke, could impact cardiovascular risk.
Impact of Midregional N‐Terminal Pro–Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 Levels on Heart Rhythm in Patients Treated With Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: The Biorhythm Study
Authors: Badoz Marc , Serzian Guillaume , Favoulet Baptiste , Sellal Jean‐Marc , De Chillou Christian , Hammache Néfissa , Laurent Gabriel , Mebazaa Alexandre , Ecarnot Fiona , Bardonnet Karine , Seronde Marie‐France , Schiele François , Meneveau Nicolas
Published: June 2021

Background

We assessed the impact of preprocedural plasma levels of MRproANP (midregional N‐terminal pro–atrial natriuretic peptide) and sST2 (soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2) on recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) at 1 year after catheter ablation of AF.

Methods and Results

This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study including patients undergoing catheter ablation of AF. MRproANP and sST2 were measured in a peripheral venous blood preprocedure, and MRproANP was assessed in the right and left atrial blood during ablation. The primary end point was recurrent AF between 3 and 12 months postablation, defined as a documented (>30 seconds) episode of AF, flutter, or atrial tachycardia. We included 106 patients from December 2017 to March 2019; 105 had complete follow‐up, and the mean age was 63 years with 74.2% males. Overall, 34 patients (32.1%) had recurrent AF. In peripheral venous blood, MRproANP was significantly higher in patients with recurrent AF (median, 192.2; [quartile 1–quartile 3, 155.9–263.9] versus 97.1 [60.9–150.7] pmol/L;
P
<0.0001), as was sST2 (median, 30.3 [quartile 1–quartile 3, 23.3–39.3] versus 23.4 [95% CI, 17.4–33.0] ng/mL;
P
=0.0033). In the atria, MRproANP was significantly higher than in peripheral blood and was higher during AF than during sinus rhythm. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified a threshold of MRproANP>107.9 pmol/L to predict AF recurrence at 1 year and a threshold of >26.7 ng/mL for sST2. By multivariate analysis, MRproANP>107.9 pmol/L was the only independent predictor of recurrent AF (OR, 24.27; 95% CI, 4.23–139.18). MRproANP<107.9 pmol/L identified subjects at very low risk of recurrence (negative predictive value >95%).

Conclusions

Elevated MRproANP level independently predicts recurrent AF, whereas sST2 levels do not appear to have any prognostic value in assessing the risk of recurrence of AF up to 1 year after catheter ablation.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03351816.
Are Artificial Dendrites Useful in Neuro-Evolution?
Authors: Bull Larry
Published: June 2021

The significant role of dendritic processing within neuronal networks has become increasingly clear. This letter explores the effects of including a simple dendrite-inspired mechanism into neuro-evolution. The phenomenon of separate dendrite activation thresholds on connections is allowed to emerge under an evolutionary process. It is shown how such processing can be positively selected for, particularly for connections between the hidden and output layers, and increases performance.
Neural Dynamics of Conflict Control in Working Memory
Authors: Vo Khoi D. , Siqi-Liu Audrey , Chaire Alondra , Li Sophia , Demeter Elise , Egner Tobias , Woldorff Marty G.
Published: June 2021

Attention and working memory (WM) have classically been considered as two separate cognitive functions, but more recent theories have conceptualized them as operating on shared representations and being distinguished primarily by whether attention is directed internally (WM) or externally (attention, traditionally defined). Supporting this idea, a recent behavioral study documented a “WM Stroop effect,” showing that maintaining a color word in WM impacts perceptual color-naming performance to the same degree as presenting the color word externally in the classic Stroop task. Here, we employed ERPs to examine the neural processes underlying this WM Stroop task compared to those in the classic Stroop and in a WM-control task. Based on the assumption that holding a color word in WM would (pre-)activate the same color representation as by externally presenting that color word, we hypothesized that the neural cascade of conflict–control processes would occur more rapidly in the WM Stroop than in the classic Stroop task. Our behavioral results replicated equivalent interference behavioral effects for the WM and classic Stroop tasks. Importantly, however, the ERP signatures of conflict detection and resolution displayed substantially shorter latencies in the WM Stroop task. Moreover, delay-period conflict in the WM Stroop task, but not in the WM control task, impacted the ERP and performance measures for the WM probe stimuli. Together, these findings provide new insights into how the brain processes conflict between internal representations and external stimuli, and they support the view of shared representations between internally held WM content and attentional processing of external stimuli.
Body–Space Interactions: Same Spatial Encoding but Different Influence of Valence for Reaching and Defensive Purposes
Authors: Spaccasassi Chiara , Dijkerman H. Chris , Maravita Angelo , Ferrante Oscar , de Jong Maartje C.
Published: June 2021

The space around our body, the so-called peripersonal space, is where interactions with nearby objects may occur. “Defensive space” and “Reaching space”, respectively, refer to two opposite poles of interaction between our body and the external environment: protecting the body and performing a goal-directed action. Here, we hypothesized that mechanisms underlying these two action spaces are differentially modulated by the valence of visual stimuli, as stimuli with negative valence are more likely to activate protective actions whereas stimuli with positive valence may activate approaching actions. To test whether such distinction in cognitive/evaluative processing exists between Reaching and Defensive spaces, we measured behavioral responses as well as neural activations over sensorimotor cortex using EEG while participants performed several tasks designed to tap into mechanisms underlying either Defensive (e.g., respond to touch) or Reaching space (e.g., estimate whether object is within reaching distance). During each task, pictures of objects with either positive or negative valence were presented at different distances from the participants' body. We found that Defensive space was smaller for positively compared with negatively valenced visual stimuli. Furthermore, sensorimotor cortex activation (reflected in modulation of beta power) during tactile processing was enhanced when coupled with negatively rather than positively valenced visual stimuli regarding Defensive space. On the contrary, both the EEG and behavioral measures capturing the mechanisms underlying Reaching space did not reveal any modulation by valence. Thus, although valence encoding had differential effects on Reaching and Defensive spaces, the distance of the visual stimulus modulated behavioral measures as well as activity over sensorimotor cortex (reflected in modulations of mu power) in a similar way for both types of spaces. Our results are compatible with the idea that Reaching and Defensive spaces involve the same distance-dependent neural representations of sensory input, whereas task goals and stimulus valence (i.e., contextual information) are implemented at a later processing stage and exert an influence on motor output rather than sensory/space encoding.
Different Behavioral Types of Distributional Preferences Are Characterized by Distinct Neural Signatures
Authors: Koch Katharina , Gianotti Lorena R. R. , Hausfeld Jan , Studler Mirjam , Knoch Daria
Published: June 2021

There are many situations where resources are distributed between two parties and where the deciding party has information about the initial distribution and can change its outcome, for example, the allocation of budget for funds or bonuses, where the deciding party might have self-interested motives. Although the neural underpinnings of distributional preferences of resources have been extensively studied, it remains unclear if there are different types of distributional preferences and if these types underlie different disposing neural signatures. We used source-localized resting EEG in combination with a data-driven clustering approach to participants' behavior in a distribution game in order to disentangle the neural sources of the different types of distributional preferences. Our findings revealed four behavioral types: Maximizing types always changed initial distributions to maximize their personal outcomes, and compliant types always left initial distributions unchanged. Disadvantage-averse types only changed initial distributions if they received less than the other party did, and equalizing types primarily changed initial distributions to fair distributions. These behavioral types differed regarding neural baseline activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus. Maximizing and compliant types showed the highest baseline activation, followed by disadvantage-averse types and equalizing types. Furthermore, maximizing types showed significantly higher baseline activation in the left orbitofrontal cortex compared to compliant types. Taken together, our findings show that different types of distributional preferences are characterized by distinct neural signatures, which further imply differences in underlying psychological processes in decision-making.
Neural Correlates of Task-order Preparation in Dual Tasks: An EEG Study
Authors: Steinhauser Robert , Kübler Sebastian , Steinhauser Marco , Schubert Torsten
Published: June 2021

Dual-task scenarios require a coordinated regulation of the processing order of component tasks in light of capacity limitations during response selection. A number of behavioral and neuroimaging findings suggest a distinct set of control processes involved in preparing this task order. In this study, we investigated electrophysiological correlates of task-order preparation in a variant of the overlapping dual-task paradigm with cue-determined task order that resulted in trials with blockwise fixed task order as well as trials with repeated and switched task order in blocks with variable task order. During the cue–stimulus interval, we found an earlier centroparietal order-mixing positivity and a later parietal order-switch positivity. A decoding approach based on multivariate pattern analysis showed that the order-mixing positivity is a necessary prerequisite for successful order selection, whereas the order-switch positivity appears to facilitate the implementation of a new task order after its selection. These correlates of order preparation share striking similarities to commonly found potentials involved in the preparation of individual tasks in the (single-)task-switching paradigm, which is strong empirical support for the account that the underlying preparatory processes are to be considered as higher-level control signals that are implemented independently of specific task representations.
A Biologically Plausible Neural Network for Multichannel Canonical Correlation Analysis
Authors: Lipshutz David , Bahroun Yanis , Golkar Siavash , Sengupta Anirvan M. , Chklovskii Dmitri B.
Published: June 2021

Cortical pyramidal neurons receive inputs from multiple distinct neural populations and integrate these inputs in separate dendritic compartments. We explore the possibility that cortical microcircuits implement canonical correlation analysis (CCA), an unsupervised learning method that projects the inputs onto a common subspace so as to maximize the correlations between the projections. To this end, we seek a multichannel CCA algorithm that can be implemented in a biologically plausible neural network. For biological plausibility, we require that the network operates in the online setting and its synaptic update rules are local. Starting from a novel CCA objective function, we derive an online optimization algorithm whose optimization steps can be implemented in a single-layer neural network with multicompartmental neurons and local non-Hebbian learning rules. We also derive an extension of our online CCA algorithm with adaptive output rank and output whitening. Interestingly, the extension maps onto a neural network whose neural architecture and synaptic updates resemble neural circuitry and non-Hebbian plasticity observed in the cortex.
Stimulus-Driven and Spontaneous Dynamics in Excitatory-Inhibitory Recurrent Neural Networks for Sequence Representation
Authors: Rajakumar Alfred , Rinzel John , Chen Zhe S.
Published: June 2021

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been widely used to model sequential neural dynamics (“neural sequences”) of cortical circuits in cognitive and motor tasks. Efforts to incorporate biological constraints and Dale's principle will help elucidate the neural representations and mechanisms of underlying circuits. We trained an excitatory-inhibitory RNN to learn neural sequences in a supervised manner and studied the representations and dynamic attractors of the trained network. The trained RNN was robust to trigger the sequence in response to various input signals and interpolated a time-warped input for sequence representation. Interestingly, a learned sequence can repeat periodically when the RNN evolved beyond the duration of a single sequence. The eigenspectrum of the learned recurrent connectivity matrix with growing or damping modes, together with the RNN's nonlinearity, were adequate to generate a limit cycle attractor. We further examined the stability of dynamic attractors while training the RNN to learn two sequences. Together, our results provide a general framework for understanding neural sequence representation in the excitatory-inhibitory RNN.
Analogy-Related Information Can Be Accessed by Simple Addition and Subtraction of fMRI Activation Patterns, Without Participants Performing any Analogy Task
Authors: Wu Meng-Huan , Anderson Andrew J. , Jacobs Robert A. , Raizada Rajeev D. S.
Published: June 2021

Analogical reasoning, for example, inferring that teacher is to chalk as mechanic is to wrench, plays a fundamental role in human cognition. However, whether brain activity patterns of individual words are encoded in a way that could facilitate analogical reasoning is unclear. Recent advances in computational linguistics have shown that information about analogical problems can be accessed by simple addition and subtraction of word embeddings (e.g., wrench = mechanic + chalk − teacher). Critically, this property emerges in artificial neural networks that were not trained to produce analogies but instead were trained to produce general-purpose semantic representations. Here, we test whether such emergent property can be observed in representations in human brains, as well as in artificial neural networks. fMRI activation patterns were recorded while participants viewed isolated words but did not perform analogical reasoning tasks. Analogy relations were constructed from word pairs that were categorically or thematically related, and we tested whether the predicted fMRI pattern calculated with simple arithmetic was more correlated with the pattern of the target word than other words. We observed that the predicted fMRI patterns contain information about not only the identity of the target word but also its category and theme (e.g., teaching-related). In summary, this study demonstrated that information about analogy questions can be reliably accessed with the addition and subtraction of fMRI patterns, and that, similar to word embeddings, this property holds for task-general patterns elicited when participants were not explicitly told to perform analogical reasoning.
How long is ‘a long term’ for sound change?
Authors: Voeten Cesko C.
Published: June 2021

This paper investigates the adoption of ongoing community sound change by individuals by considering it as an instance of second-dialect acquisition. Four ongoing changes in Dutch, all involving the move from one-allophone to two-allophone systems, make this possible: these ongoing diachronic changes are simultaneously a source of synchronic variation between Netherlandic Dutch and Flemish Dutch. The paper investigates the adoption of these differences by sociolinguistic migrants: Flemish-Dutch speakers who migrated to the Netherlands to start their university studies. Participants were tracked over the course of nine months, using a rhyme-decision task and a word-list-reading task. Results show robust differences from Netherlandic-Dutch controls, which do not diminish over the nine months. While longer-term accommodation to these same changes has been found elsewhere, it appears that nine months is not enough time. The implications of these findings for various subfields of linguistics, particularly sound change and second-dialect acquisition, are discussed.
Trust-like Constructions in the Law of Ukraine
Authors: Buiadzhy Ganna V.
Published: June 2021

At the moment, two trust-like constructions co-exist in the law of Ukraine – the institution of property management and trust property. The article analyses the positions of well-known Ukrainian lawyers on the place of these legal structures in the civil law of Ukraine, as well as possible ways in which they might be further development. The author defines the concepts and researches the features of the institution of property management and trust property, establishes their common and distinctive features, and also emphasises the fundamental difference between it and the institution of trust, which exists in the common law. Particular attention in the article is devoted to defining the concept and specifics of securities management as a specific subject of civil law. The definition of the term ‘securities management contract’ and its characteristics are analysed.
Arbitrary Judicial Interference in Human Rights Guaranteed by the Convention
Authors: Slipchenko Svyatoslav A. , Syniehubov Oleh V. , Shyshka Aleksandr R. , Valakh Vikoriia V.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to improve the approaches to the resolution of disputes arising from the arbitrary interference of the judiciary with human rights stipulated by the Convention. The methodological basis of this study consists of: the method of comparative legal analysis; the method of linguistic and systematic interpretation of legal texts; and synthesis of European Court of Human Rights decisions. The paper examines European Court of Human Rights decisions regarding arbitrary interference by the state with human rights. The authors of this scientific paper identify groups of the most common human rights breaches arising from the administration of justice by national courts. The results of the study suggest that it seems necessary and justified in any democratic society to have certain safeguards in the law of the respective state, namely, a certain set of legal safeguards against arbitrary interference with human rights by the judiciary.
The Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea) of Bhutan, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Park Kyu-Tek , Gielis Cornelis (Cees) , Wangdi Karma
Published: June 2021

The family Lecithoceridae in Bhutan is reviewed, with descriptions of one new species in Torodora Meyrick, 1894, T. namgaydemae Park & Gielis, sp. n., and a new species in Thubana Walker, 1864, Th. bhutanica Park & Gielis, sp. n. An unnamed species of Torodora is presented and discussed. In addition eight species are reported for the first time from Bhutan: Torodora multispinata Park, 2020; T. macrosigna Gozmány, 1973; T. trigona Gozmány, 1973; T. quadrangulata Wadhawan & Walia, 2007; Lecithocera cornutima Park, 2009; L. nepalica Gozmány, 1973; Homaloxestis cicatrix Gozmány, 1973 and Eccedoxa selena Wu, 1994. Images of the adults and genitalia are provided for all species.
Saʿd b. Manṣūr Ibn Kammūna’s Writings and Transcriptions in the Maktabat al-Rawḍa al-Ḥaydariyya, Najaf
Authors: Schmidtke Sabine
Published: June 2021

This paper attempts to reconstruct the corpus of writings by Ibn Kammūna as well as his transcriptions of works by others that were kept in the Rawḍa al-Ḥaydariyya in Najaf during the early twentieth century. Additionally, the paper discusses a slim codex, which was sold by Dreweatts in 2019 (“Lot 69”) and resurfaced on the market in October 2020 when it was offered for auction by Sotheby’s as “Lot 406”. A tentative suggestion is made that the codex still belonged to the Rawḍa at the beginning of the twentieth century. The appendix includes a facsimile of the codex, which contains Ibn Kammūna’s Talkhīṣ Lubāb al-manṭiq wa-khulāṣat al-ḥikma, comprising excerpts from a work by Najm al-Dīn al-Nakhjiwānī, in order to support future scholarship on Ibn Kammūna and al-Nakhjiwānī.
Afroboganium wakefieldense sp. n. from KwaZulu Natal, South Africa (Coleoptera: Boganiidae: Boganiinae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ , ŚLIPIŃSKI ADAM
Published: June 2021

Afroboganium wakefieldense sp. n. is described, based on a series of specimens collected in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. An updated key to identification of all six currently known Afroboganium Endrödy-Younga & Crowson species is given. The hindgut of dissected specimens was tightly packed with pollen grains, confirming feeding on flowers. However, it was not possible to identify specific associations with plant taxa. Moreover, the pollen grains in the gut seem to be intact, hence in addition to pollenophagy a possibility of feeding on other flower tissues cannot be excluded.
A new species of Plagiotrochus from China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) galling on Quercus glauce (Fagaceae)
Authors: WANG QING , WANG XIU-DAN , ZHU DAO-HONG
Published: June 2021

A new gall wasp species, Plagiotrochus hepingensis sp. n. is described from Hunan Province, China that forms integral galls on the central vein on the abaxial leaf blade surface of Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) glauca (Fagaceae). The morphological characters of the new species are described and photographed and data on the diagnosis, distribution, and biology are given. Additionally, a specific region of the COI gene was amplified using the primers HCO-2198 and LCO-1490 and compared for both the new species and Plagiotrochus masudai Ide, Wachi & Abe.
Morphological redescription and molecular characterization of Trichodina matsu Basson & Van As, 1994 (Ciliophora, Mobilida, Trichodinidae) infecting Tachysurus fulvidraco (Richardson, 1846) from Chongqing, China
Authors: ZHOU QIAN , TANG FAHUI , ZHAO YUANJUN
Published: June 2021

During a survey of parasitic ciliates in Chongqing, China, Trichodina matsu Basson & Van As, 1994 was isolated from gills of Tachysurus fulvidraco. Furthermore, the 18S rRNA gene and ITS-5.8S rRNA region of T. matsu were sequenced for the first time and applied for the species identification and comparison with similar species in the present study. Based on the morphological and molecular comparisons, the results indicate that T. matsu is an ectoparasite specific for the Siluriformes catfish. Based on the analyses of genetic distance, multiple sequence alignments, and phylogenetic analyses, no obvious differentiation within populations of T. matsu was found. In addition, the ‘Trichodina hyperparasitis’ (KX904933) in GenBank is a misidentification and appears to be conspecific with T. matsu according to the comparison of morphological and molecular data.
Centrifugal Waves in Tornado-Like Vortices: Kelvin’s Solutions and Their Applications to Multiple-Vortex Development and Vortex Breakdown
Authors: Dahl Johannes M. L.
Published: June 2021

About 140 years ago, Lord Kelvin derived the equations describing waves that travel along the axis of concentrated vortices such as tornadoes. Although Kelvin’s vortex waves, also known as centrifugal waves, feature prominently in the engineering and fluid dynamics literature, they have not attracted as much attention in the field of atmospheric science. To remedy this circumstance, Kelvin’s elegant derivation is retraced, and slightly generalized, to obtain solutions for a hierarchy of vortex flows that model basic features of tornado-like vortices. This treatment seeks to draw attention to the important work that Lord Kelvin did in this field, and reveal the remarkably rich structure and dynamics of these waves. Kelvin’s solutions help explain the vortex breakdown phenomenon routinely observed in modeled tornadoes, and it is shown that his work is compatible with the widely used criticality condition put forth by Benjamin in 1962. Moreover, it is demonstrated that Kelvin’s treatment, with the slight generalization, includes unstable wave solutions that have been invoked to explain some aspects of the formation of multiple-vortex tornadoes. The analysis of the unstable solutions also forms the basis for determining whether, for example, an axisymmetric or a spiral vortex breakdown occurs. Kelvin’s work thus helps explain some of the visible features of tornado-like vortices.
Race-Related Differences in the Clinical Presentation and Histopathologic Features of Phyllodes Tumor
Authors: Johnson Helen M. , Mohamed Anas , Hassan Muhammad M. , Geradts Joseph , Geisel Lauren , Vohra Nasreen A. , Wong Jan H.
Published: June 2021

Background

Phyllodes tumor (PT) is a rare fibroepithelial lesion of the breast with variable malignant potential. Black women have a higher incidence of a related benign tumor, fibroadenoma, but there are limited epidemiological data on PT. The aim of our study was to evaluate race-related differences in the clinicopathologic features and outcomes of PT.

Methods

Our institutional pathology database was queried for breast specimen reports from 01/2009 to 10/2019 to identify patients with a pathologic diagnosis of PT. Chart review and detailed slide review were performed to obtain clinical and histopathologic variables, respectively.

Results

Among twelve patients, two had malignant PT, three had borderline PT, and seven had benign PT. All patients with malignant and borderline PT were black, compared with 29% of those with benign PT. There were no apparent race-related differences in specific histopathologic features among black vs. non-black women with benign PT. Malignant and borderline PT were relatively larger than benign PT, with mean tumor sizes of 9.0 cm (standard deviation [SD] 4.7 cm), 12.2 cm (SD 9.4 cm), and 5.4 cm (SD 5.8 cm), respectively. Two women had a local recurrence, both of whom were black.

Discussion

In this single-institution retrospective study, we observed disproportionate rates of aggressive histopathologic features and disparate outcomes among black women with PT. A multi-institutional PT registry would facilitate improved knowledge about race-related differences in the presentation and outcomes of this rare tumor.
Can Conservatism Make Women More Vulnerable to Violence?
Authors: Araújo Victor , Gatto Malu A. C.
Published: June 2021

Violence against women (VAW) affects at least 35% of women worldwide. The need to combat VAW is seemingly noncontroversial: As existing work shows, ideology does not explain governments’ propensity to adopt anti-VAW legislation. Yet, effectively implementing anti-VAW legislation requires complex policy frameworks at odds with conservative values. Voters’ preferences can meaningfully influence policy outputs, so can electoral conservatism make women more vulnerable to violence? Employing data from 5570 Brazilian municipalities, we find that conservatism in the electorate is associated with the adoption of fewer anti-VAW policies. With data from a nationally representative survey of Brazilian respondents ( N = 2086), we then show that conservative voters are less likely to prioritize the need for tackling VAW. That is, the adoption of fewer anti-VAW policies in conservative municipalities reflects conservative voters’ policy preferences. Critically, our results suggest that in contexts where the electorate holds conservative preferences, policy responsiveness may incur costs to women’s lives.
Toward an inclusive digital economy for all: Perspectives from an intersectional feminist social work lens
Authors: Kwan Crystal
Published: June 2021

The digital global economy is increasingly becoming the economy. The current pandemic has accelerated the digitization of the economy as offline economic activities are suspended, and ‘going digital’ is touted as a survival strategy for economic sectors worldwide. In this conceptual article, I argue that this emerging economy is (re)producing social inequalities. Social workers need to be knowledgeable about the digital global economy and engage in economic justice initiatives to actualize social justice. I employ an intersectional feminist lens to critique the digital global economy’s state and delineate two areas that social workers can engage in.