bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of bonding defects on heat transfer and creep response of microprocessor-heatsink adhesive joints
Authors: Gutiérrez-Posada V. , Akhavan-Safar A. , Simões B. D. , Carbas R. J. C. , Marques E. A. S. , da Silva L. F. M.
Published: December 2024

Efficient thermal management in microelectronic assemblies is crucial for the optimal performance and reliability of microprocessors. This study investigates the thermal, static, and creep performance of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) used in bonding heatsinks to microchips, focusing on the impact of adhesive coverage on thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and long-term deformation under sustained loads. Shear loading, specifically analyzed due to the prevalence of shear stresses in vertically oriented microelectronic assemblies, is critical for understanding the long-term reliability of these bonds. The thermal analysis revealed that perfectly bonded heatsinks enhanced heat dissipation, with only a minor reduction in thermal conductivity observed due to incomplete adhesive coverage. Static tests demonstrated that perfectly bonded samples exhibited better load-bearing capacity overall, although joints with defects showed higher calculated stress due to the reduced bonded area at failure, with a 21% reduction in load-bearing capacity at room temperature and a 3.5% reduction at high temperature for joints with adhesive loss. Creep tests showed that at room temperature, the time to failure decreased by approximately 150% for samples with adhesive defects, while at high temperature, the reduction was over 66%. The study found that creep life is more sensitive to defects at lower temperatures, where adhesive loss has a more pronounced impact on performance. A predictive surface model was developed to estimate time to failure based on creep stress and temperature.
Agreement and Discrepancies of Maternal- and Self-Reported Psychopathology in Emerging Adults
Authors: Debener Aline , Job Ann-Katrin
Published: December 2024

Collateral reports on psychopathology improve clinical care and research. Previous research showed moderate agreement between adults’ self- and collateral reports. Factors associated with discrepancies in different age groups, especially the crucial period of emerging adulthood, are yet to be investigated. We examined mother-child agreement and factors associated with discrepancies in N = 256 mother-child dyads with emerging adult children (M = 22.3 years) who participated in a longitudinal prevention study (18-year follow-up). Children completed self-report measures on psychopathology (Adult Behavior Checklist, ASR), current psychological distress, and two individual items regarding the mother-child relationship and frequency of contact. Mothers reported on their children’s psychopathology (Adult Behavior Checklist, ABCL) and their own psychological distress. Children and mothers completed a half-structured clinical interview on mental disorders. Agreement between ASR and ABCL was moderate to high (r = .48 to .53). Both reports significantly correlated with children’s diagnoses based on the clinical interview (r = .37 to .58). When children reported higher levels of psychopathology, higher levels of current psychological distress were associated with larger mother-child discrepancies. When mothers reported higher levels of child psychopathology, higher levels of maternal psychological distress, lower relationship quality, and higher frequency of contact were associated with larger discrepancies. Mother-child agreement in emerging adulthood is comparable to agreement in adolescence and adulthood. Factors associated with discrepancies differ for higher maternal- vs. self-reported psychopathology. Maternal psychological distress is more relevant for informant discrepancies than maternal mental disorder diagnoses. Longitudinal studies are needed to enhance the understanding of informant discrepancies.
Plasticizing PLA with Biobased Fatty Esters: Comprehensive Study on Film Properties
Authors: Mena-Prado Ignacio , Fernández-García Marta , Blázquez-Blázquez Enrique , Muñoz-Bonilla Alexandra , del Campo Adolfo
Published: December 2024

ACETEM (E472a) and CITREM (E472c) are fatty acid esters used as additives in the food industry to improve quality, stability and sensory properties of food products due to their emulsifying, stabilizing properties, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Herein, we have explored their use as active plasticizers in one of the most used biobased polymers, polylactic acid (PLA). Initially, different CITREMs (LR10, SP70, RO and VEG) and ACETEM (SOFT-NSAFE), with a variety of compositions and physical states at room temperature, were characterized. The studied fatty acid esters demonstrate good thermal stability and moderate to good antioxidant properties. Subsequently, PLA films containing 10% of the tested fatty acid esters were prepared by melt extrusion and posterior compression molding. The obtained films were analyzed by different characterization techniques to evaluate their role as active plasticizers. Raman confocal microscopy showed that SOFT-NSAFE is homogeneously distributed in the PLA films, whereas CITREMs form microdomains due to their immiscibility with PLA. The incorporation of these plasticizers decreases the tensile strength, Young’s modulus and glass transition temperature. However, only CITREM-LR10 is able to significantly enhance the elongation at break of PLA up to 42%, due to the elongation and orientation of the microdomains along the cracks formed during the tensile test. Additionally, their incorporation provides antioxidant properties to the PLA films, being CITREM LR10, SP70 and SOFT-NSAFE that impart higher activity. In terms of antimicrobial activity, CITREM-LR10 showed effectiveness against S. aureus, while SOFT-NSAFE was active against L. innocua bacteria. These results open the possibility to use such CITREM and ACETEM food additives as plasticizers in films for a variety of applications such as active food packaging.
Enhanced conceptual understanding through formative assessment: results of a randomized controlled intervention study in physics classes
Authors: Lichtenberger Andreas , Hofer Sarah I. , Stern Elsbeth , Vaterlaus Andreas
Published: December 2024

While formative assessment is a widely valued instructional approach to support meaningful learning, putting it into classroom practice remains a challenge, also because the time resources required may conflict with other goals. In a cluster-randomized controlled intervention study with 29 teachers and 604 students (mean age 15.6 years) at secondary school level, we examined the yield of formative assessment with regard to students’ conceptual understanding and quantitative problem-solving skills in physics. Ten teachers applied formative assessment (FA group) in a 14-lesson curriculum on kinematics after having undergone a training that focused on the implementation of multiple-choice concept questions together with monitoring tools, clicker sessions, and reflective lessons. In the frequent testing group (FT group), ten teachers had no training on formative assessment but implemented the same concept questions as those used in the FA group. Nine teachers taught kinematics in their traditional way (TT group). The results revealed that students in the FA group outperformed students in the other two groups in a test on conceptual understanding immediately after the intervention as well as 3 months later, whereas students from the FT group and the TT group did not differ. Importantly, a better conceptual understanding in the FA group was not at the expense of performance in quantitative problem solving, as students of this group better integrated both kinds of knowledge. Our study has shown that a short but well-structured formative assessment teacher training could unfold its potential in terms of students’ learning of challenging content.
AniClipart: Clipart Animation with Text-to-Video Priors
Authors: Wu Ronghuan , Su Wanchao , Ma Kede , Liao Jing
Published: December 2024

Clipart, a pre-made graphic art form, offers a convenient and efficient way of illustrating visual content. Traditional workflows to convert static clipart images into motion sequences are laborious and time-consuming, involving numerous intricate steps like rigging, key animation and in-betweening. Recent advancements in text-to-video generation hold great potential in resolving this problem. Nevertheless, direct application of text-to-video generation models often struggles to retain the visual identity of clipart images or generate cartoon-style motions, resulting in unsatisfactory animation outcomes. In this paper, we introduce AniClipart, a system that transforms static clipart images into high-quality motion sequences guided by text-to-video priors. To generate cartoon-style and smooth motion, we first define Bézier curves over keypoints of the clipart image as a form of motion regularization. We then align the motion trajectories of the keypoints with the provided text prompt by optimizing the Video Score Distillation Sampling (VSDS) loss, which encodes adequate knowledge of natural motion within a pretrained text-to-video diffusion model. With a differentiable As-Rigid-As-Possible shape deformation algorithm, our method can be end-to-end optimized while maintaining deformation rigidity. Experimental results show that the proposed AniClipart consistently outperforms existing image-to-video generation models, in terms of text-video alignment, visual identity preservation, and motion consistency. Furthermore, we showcase the versatility of AniClipart by adapting it to generate a broader array of animation formats, such as layered animation, which allows topological changes.
Metabolic profiling and antibacterial activity of tree wood extracts obtained under variable extraction conditions
Authors: Vinchira-Villarraga Diana , Dhaouadi Sabrine , Milenkovic Vanja , Wei Jiaqi , Grace Emily R. , Hinton Katherine G. , Webster Amy J. , Vadillo-Dieguez Andrea , Powell Sophie E. , Korotania Naina , Castellanos Leonardo , Ramos Freddy A. , Harrison Richard J. , Rabiey Mojgan , Jackson Robert W.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Tree bacterial diseases are a threat in forestry due to their increasing incidence and severity. Understanding tree defence mechanisms requires evaluating metabolic changes arising during infection. Metabolite extraction affects the chemical diversity of the samples and, therefore, the biological relevance of the data. Metabolite extraction has been standardized for several biological models. However, little information is available regarding how it influences wood extract’s chemical diversity.

Objectives

This study aimed to develop a methodological approach to obtain extracts from different tree species with the highest reproducibility and chemical diversity possible, to ensure proper coverage of the trees’ metabolome.

Methods

A full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of solvent type, extraction temperature and number of extraction cycles on the metabolic profile, chemical diversity and antibacterial activity of four tree species.

Results

Solvent, temperature and their interaction significantly affected the extracts’ chemical diversity, while the number of extraction cycles positively correlated with yield and antibacterial activity. Although 60% of the features were recovered in all the tested conditions, differences in the presence and abundance of specific chemical classes per tree were observed, including organooxygen compounds, prenol lipids, carboxylic acids, and flavonoids.

Conclusions

Each tree species has a unique metabolic profile, which means that no single protocol is universally effective. Extraction at 50 °C for three cycles using 80% methanol or chloroform/methanol/water showed the best results and is suggested for studying wood metabolome. These observations highlight the need to tailor extraction protocols to each tree species to ensure comprehensive metabolome coverage for metabolic profiling.
Expression, prognosis, immunological infiltration, and DNA methylation of members of the SFRP gene family in colorectal cancer: a comparative bioinformatic and experimental analysis
Authors: Yang Haicheng , Han Zhuo , Yang Ying , Zhou Shuai , Zhang Bo , He Jiaxing , He Xianli , Wang Nan
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the expression, prognostic significance, methylation, and immune invasion levels of secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP1-5) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, the relationship between SFRP1/2 methylation and immune infiltration in CRC was explored. The expression of SFRP1-5 was analyzed using several databases, including GEO, TCGA, TIMER, STRING, and GEPIA. Molecular interactions with SFRPs were examined via Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were conducted using the DAVID database. Methylation levels of SFRP1/2 in CRC were assessed through methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) experiments. Apoptosis and proliferation in CRC cells following the knockdown of SFRP1/2 expression were evaluated using flow cytometry and CCK-8 assays. The TISIDB database was used to analyze the relationship between SFRP1/2 methylation levels and immune infiltration. The expression of SFRP1, SFRP2, and SFRP5 was significantly lower in CRC patients, while SFRP4 expression was higher compared to that in healthy individuals. Elevated mRNA expression of SFRP2 was significantly associated with improved overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival, and progression-free intervals. SFRP1/2 expression was also linked to immune invasion, with higher levels correlating with increased immune infiltration. Both SFRP1 and SFRP2 showed hypermethylation in CRC. Knockdown of SFRP1/2 expression resulted in increased proliferation of CRC cells, and their methylation levels were inversely correlated with immune cell presence. The expression, methylation, and immune cell infiltration patterns of the SFRP family in CRC differed markedly from those in healthy individuals. These findings suggest that SFRPs may serve as potential therapeutic targets and key genes associated with immune cell infiltration in CRC.
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence Injury: Insights from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
Authors: Shariati Auzeen , Irvin-Erickson Yasemin
Published: December 2024

This study examined the consequences of domestic violence (DV) in light of the multiple changes to the lifestyles and routine activities of households during the Covid-19 pandemic using incident-level data from the National Crime Victimization Survey. Through logistic regressions, we first examined odds of injury among DV victims. We then examined odds of severe injury among DV victims who experienced injury. We compared the pre-pandemic odds of these injurious outcomes to these odds in two distinctive periods during the Covid-19 pandemic — March 2020-March 2021 and April 2021-December 2022. Study results suggest that the risk of both “any injury” and “severe injury” was higher between March 2020-March 2021 in comparison to the pre-pandemic period. Findings further suggest that the risk and severity of DV victims’ injury after April 2021 were not significantly different from the pre-pandemic era. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
How does materialism influence interpersonal trust? A social projection perspective
Authors: Zhou Kaiji , Zhu Xiaoqin , Lu Lin , Tan Lindan , Wang Yingzhao , Lan Chunmei
Published: December 2024

Past research has associated materialism with lower well-being. However, research on the effect of materialism on interpersonal trust and its underlying mechanism is limited. This research investigated how dispositional and situational materialism relate to interpersonal trust, as well as the mediation mechanism proposed based on a social projection account (social projection is a self-referential heuristic in which individuals assume others share similar mental experiences with them). Study 1 explored the associations of dispositional materialism with generalized and particularistic trust. The results showed that dispositional materialism could negatively predict generalized trust and particularistic trust in weak ties but could not predict particularistic trust in strong ties, and trustworthiness mediated the significant associations, aligning with the social projection principle. Study 2 examined the link between dispositional materialism and trust behavior in the trust game. The results showed that dispositional materialism negatively predicted trust behavior through the chain mediation effect of trustworthiness and social expectations about others’ trustworthiness, supporting our predictions based on the social projection account. Study 3 examined the causal relationship between materialism and interpersonal trust by activating participants’ materialistic orientation via situational cues (situational materialism). The results showed that situational materialism caused lower trust behavior, trustworthiness, and social expectations; however, situational materialism could not evoke the chain mediation effect proposed based on the social projection account. Our findings partially support the explanation of materialism-trust relation based on social projection and provide implications for trust promotion practice in the future.
Development and validation of NEMA NU-2 equivalent sensitivity and scatter phantoms for PET performance characteristic evaluation
Authors: Sawant Viraj , Jha Ashish Kumar , Rawat Bipin Singh , Vishwakarma R. S. , Sahoo Sridhar , Selvam T. Palani , Rangarajan Venkatesh
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the physical performance of a Philips Gemini TOF PET/CT system using in-house developed sensitivity and scatter phantoms. The assessment was conducted in accordance with the NEMA NU2-2007 guidelines.

Methods

We developed in-house NEMA NU-2 Sensitivity (NU-2IndiSen) and Scatter (NU-2IndiSc) phantoms. These phantoms were evaluated through a series of tests: the alpha test, which included dimension comparison and radiation exposure comparison, and the beta test, which involved comparing NEMA NU-2 sensitivity and scatter fractions. In the dimension test, we compared the diameters of the NU-2IndiSen and NU-2IndiSc phantoms with those of the NU-2Sen and NU-2Sc phantoms. The radiation exposure tests involved comparing the surface radiation exposure from the NU-2IndiSen and NU-2IndiSc phantoms with that from the NU-2Sen and NU-2Sc phantoms. The beta tests assessed the sensitivity and scatter fraction of the Gemini TF 64 PET system using the NU-2IndiSen and NU-2IndiSc phantoms and compared these measurements with those obtained using the NU-2Sen and NU-2Sc phantoms.

Results

The dimension tests revealed no significant differences (p-value > 0.05) between the NU-2IndiSen and NU-2Sen phantoms, as well as between the NU-2IndiSc and NU-2Sc phantoms. Similarly, the radiation exposure tests showed no significant differences (p-value > 0.05) in surface radiation exposure between the NU-2IndiSen and NU-2Sen phantoms, and between the NU-2IndiSc and NU-2Sc phantoms. The average system sensitivity measured using the NU-2IndiSen and NU-2Sen NEMA phantoms were 6724 cps/MBq and 6748 cps/MBq, respectively, both exceeding the vendor's acceptance limit of > 6700 cps/MBq. Similarly, the scatter fraction, noise equivalent count rate (NECR), activity at which peak NECR is achieved, and maximum true count rate performance measured using the NU-2IndiSc and NU-2Sc phantoms were 25.9, 106.4 kcps, 18.5 kBq/ml, and 243.2 kcps, and 27.14, 106.03 kcps, 15.68 kBq/ml, and 263.2 kcps, respectively, all well within the vendor's prescribed limits.

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrate that the in-house developed sensitivity and scatter phantoms accurately assess the performance of the Philips Gemini TOF PET/CT system. The obtained values for system sensitivity, scatter fraction, NECR, and true count rate are in excellent agreement with the vendor-specified limits, validating the use of these phantoms for routine quality assurance procedures.
The ecological system’s influence on physical activities of older adults: comparison between older men and women
Authors: Roh Su Yeon , Chang Ik Young
Published: December 2024

Background

Korea is expected to become a super-aged society by 2025. Research has shown that regular participation in physical activity has a positive impact on older adults’ health and reduces national health costs.

Aims

Drawing on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, this study examines ecological systems that influence physical activity in older men and women.

Method

The data analysis included information on 537 older adults aged 65 years and older residing in South Korea. The regression analysis identified differences in the ecological systems that influence physical activity in older adults by sex.

Results

By examining the ecological systems that affect physical activity in older men, this study found that the macrosystem affected the exosystem (p <.001) and microsystem (p <.001), the exosystem affected the mesosystem (p <.01), and the microsystem affected individuals (p <.001). In the case of older women, the macrosystem affected the exosystem (p <.001), microsystem (p <.001), and individuals (p <.01); the exosystem affected the microsystem (p <.01), and the microsystem affected individuals (p <.001).

Conclusions

The microsystem commonly affects the physical activity of older men and women, whereas the macrosystem only affects the physical activity of older women, suggesting that older men may experience limited macrosystem support in fostering their participation in physical activity. To address this disparity, the study highlights the need for targeted policies to enhance macrosystem support for older men, such as developing tailored physical activity programs that promote positive attitudes and accessible opportunities for participation.
Aqueous oxidation of coal-associated pyrite and standard pyrite mineral towards understanding the depyritization kinetics and acid formations
Authors: Mahanta Angana , Attry Binud , Saikia Binoy K.
Published: December 2024

In coal mining areas, the ambient atmospheric and aqueous oxidation of pyrite minerals (FeS2) associated with coal as well as the other accompanying strata is significant in understanding the extent of acid mine drainage (AMD), the cause of severe environmental pollution. Therefore, in this paper, the oxidation kinetics of the coal-associated pyrite (CAPy) present in a coal sample (TpHM1) has been studied via aqueous leaching depyritization experiments at variety of temperatures and time intervals without the incorporation of any oxidizer. The outcomes obtained are juxtaposed with the standard pyrite mineral (SPM) oxidation at the same experimental conditions. Also, the coal and SPM slurry residues and filtrates obtained after aqueous leaching at 25 °C and 90 °C for 0 h and 24 h, respectively, were extensively analyzed through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), and X-ray-photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for evaluation of the mineralogical composition and proportions of iron and sulfur components during progression of the oxidation reaction. Both the reactions obey pseudo first-order kinetics during pyrite (FeS2) oxidation but a significant difference in the experimentally found activation energies (Ea) and rate constants (k) values of oxidation kinetics of both CAPy and SPM may be attributed to the varied geochemical compositions of the coal associated pyrite (CAPy). The rate constant for CAPy is much greater than that of SPM implying a higher Ea around 10.838 kJ/mol for SPM as compared to 1.941 kJ/mol for CAPy. The CAPy in coal (TpHM1) is more susceptible to atmospheric oxidation than that of SPM, leading to the formation of acid mine drainage with lower pH. In this paper, the pH values on the basis of stoichiometric pyrite oxidation reaction were calculated and compared with the pH values obtained after aqueous leaching of CAPy to interpret the extent of acid formation and pyrite dissolution. Hence, with the assistance of the current study, further studies on the effects of mineral impurities, whereabouts of pyrite minerals in coal seams, the significance of compositional differences in the CAPy, the effect of metal oxides, and the role of alkalinity producing neutralizing agents of coal in the oxidative dissolution process of pyrite can be investigated.
Reflecting topological properties in closed separable subspaces
Authors: Dow Alan , Tkachuk Vladimir V.
Published: December 2024

We establish that, for any metrizable space X, if every closed separable subspace of X has the Baire property, then the space X has the Baire property. The same reflection result holds for spaces $$C_p(X)$$

C
p

(
X
)

. It is also shown that all closed separable subspaces of $$C_p(X)$$

C
p

(
X
)

are Čech-complete if and only if X is a functionally countable P-space. If $$\overline{A}$$

A
¯

is pseudocomplete for every countable set $$A\subset C_p(X)$$

A
⊂

C
p

(
X
)

, then $$C_p(X)$$

C
p

(
X
)

is pseudocomplete. To show that zero-dimensionality does not reflect in closed separable subspaces of metrizable spaces, under Jensen’s Axiom $$\diamondsuit $$
♢
, we give an example of a connected metrizable space M such that $$\overline{A}$$

A
¯

is countable and hence zero-dimensional for every countable set $$A\subset M$$

A
⊂
M

.
Toward a mathematical approach of spatial permeability (Kyrillos's Model)
Authors: Alsabbagh Hadeel
Published: December 2024

Spatial permeability is a distinctive characteristic of urban form. However, a definitive method for measuring it remains a challenge. This study aims to investigate factors affecting permeability within urban systems, with a focus on incorporating a theoretical framework to support a mathematical approach. Moreover, a method for testing reliability and consistency is suggested. The methodology comprised theoretical and empirical sections. The theoretical part explores the concept of permeability and the core variables that affect permeability in cities. The experimental section involved analyzing 52 zones in Erbil City, extracting their physical and spatial attributes to be utilized as input data for the model. Ultimately, it is evident that the permeability of the built environment is defined by factors such as depth, choice, block size, and spatial maneuverability. The proposed model shows how permeability stands out from other spatial indicators, offering important initial insights into the expanding field of urban form analysis.
Examining spatial equity in emergency facilities during the later stage of COVID-19 in China: insights from nucleic acid testing sites
Authors: Lin Zhe , Li Gang , Lan Li , Jin Annan , Nie Qifan , Zhang Yuyao
Published: December 2024

Community-level emergency facilities are essential for disaster prevention and response, contributing significantly to urban health equity. This study aims to explore the multi-scale spatial pattern, multi-dimensional availability evaluation, and multi-scenario simulation optimization of nucleic acid testing sites during the later stage of COVID-19. At a macro scale, these sites demonstrated a "multi-core clustering" pattern, while at a micro-scale, they were community-centered, often located in areas with low traffic and better ventilation. Spatial accessibility analysis showed high accessibility in urban centers when only facility capacity was considered, though accessibility dropped relative to suburban areas when community population and time costs were included. Temporally, site availability followed an M-shaped distribution. This study optimized testing site locations, providing insights into equitable distribution and supply–demand balance for emergency facilities.
Effectiveness of auricular acupoint therapy on chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal reaction in breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Kangli , Zhang Ning , Ye Tao
Published: December 2024

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of auricular  acupoint therapy (AAT) in the treatment of gastrointestinal reactions in patients with breast cancer after chemotherapy.

Methods

We searched all Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on AAT for chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal reaction in breast cancer patients in Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library in English, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, SinoMed and Chongqing VIP in Chinese, from inception to December 31, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results

Twenty RCTs involving 1704 patients were included. All RCTs were reviewed by descriptive analysis, then 19 RCTs were included in the meta-analyses. The results showed: ① AAT can improve the symptoms of nausea (OR = 3.92, 95% CI (1.29, 11.93), Z = 2.40, P = 0.02) and vomiting (OR = 2.88, 95% CI (1.41, 5.88), Z = 2.91, P = 0.004), not only in acute period [OR = 2.83, 95% CI (1.73, 4.63), Z = 4.15, P < 0.001], but also in delayed period [OR = 5.38, 95% CI (3.86, 7.50), Z = 9.93, P < 0.001]; AAT can reduce the intensity [WMD = -3.38, 95%CI (-5.05, -1.71), P < 0.001] and the frequency [WMD = -3.29, 95%CI (-4.82, -1.76), P < 0.001] of nausea both in acute and delayed period; ② AAT can reduce the incidence of belching, sour regurgitation, and loss of appetite [OR = 0.33, 95%CI (0.26, 0.41), P < 0.001]; ③ AAT can reduce the incidence of constipation [OR = 0.17, 95% CI (0.08, 0.39), Z = 4.30, P < 0.001], the Constipation assessment scale score [WMD = -5.01, 95%CI (-6.33, -3.70), P < 0.001], the Bristol stool form scale score [WMD = 1.01, 95%CI (0.68, 1.35), P < 0.001]. ④ AAT can reduce the Patient assessment of constipation quality of life questionnaire score [WMD = -1.18, 95%CI (-1.42, -0.93), P < 0.001].

Conclusion

AAT can alleviate the chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal reaction in breast cancer patients, including nausea, vomiting, belching, sour regurgitation, loss of appetite and constipation, improve quality of life.
Response to Hutchinson
Authors: Travis Charles
Published: December 2024

This paper is a response to Hutchinson from Travis.
Development and characterization of organically grafted clay minerals for the removal of methylene blue from water
Authors: Serikbayeva Aizhan M. , Roman Fernanda F. , Gomes Helder T. , Kalmakhanova Marzhan S.
Published: December 2024

In recent years, water pollution caused by industrial waste has been a major problem throughout the world. To remove harmful impurities from water, using methylene blue (MB) as a model compound, modified clays were used, as they are capable of adsorbing various substances on their surfaces. The modified clays were obtained by grafting dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and triethanolamine (TEOA) in the space between the layers of Shymkent clay. DMSO was first added to the natural clay; TEOA was also added at a temperature of 180°C and then held at that temperature for 2 h. The resulting modified clays were dried at 60°C for 24 h and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analysis (SAA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (DTA and TGA). Natural and modified clays (0.25–2.5 g L–1, pH=1–12, and 50°C) were used to adsorb MB from an aqueous solution at a concentration of 50 mg L–1. Contact with the adsorbent was maintained for 8 h. As much as 95.9% of the MB was removed from the aqueous solution in as little time as 15 min. Adsorption conditions were optimized, and the clay modified with TEAO showed better results than the natural clay (85% for modified clay vs 40% for original clay, at a clay concentration of 0.5 g L–1); significant adsorption was obtained over a wide pH range (>85% from pH 1 to 12).
Meta-models for transfer learning in source localization
Authors: Bull Lawrence A. , Jones Matthew R. , Cross Elizabeth J. , Duncan Andrew , Girolami Mark
Published: December 2024

In practice, nondestructive testing (NDT) procedures tend to consider experiments (and their respective models) as distinct, conducted in isolation, and associated with independent data. In contrast, this work looks to capture the interdependencies between acoustic emission (AE) experiments (as meta-models) and then use the resulting functions to predict the model hyperparameters for previously unobserved systems. We utilize a Bayesian multilevel approach (similar to deep Gaussian Processes) where a higher-level meta-model captures the inter-task relationships. Our key contribution is how knowledge of the experimental campaign can be encoded between tasks as well as within tasks. We present an example of AE time-of-arrival mapping for source localization, to illustrate how multilevel models naturally lend themselves to representing aggregate systems in engineering. We constrain the meta-model based on domain knowledge, then use the inter-task functions for transfer learning, predicting hyperparameters for models of previously unobserved experiments (for a specific design).
Joining properties of automorphisms disjoint with all ergodic systems
Authors: BERK PRZEMYSŁAW , GÓRSKA MARTYNA , DE LA RUE THIERRY
Published: December 2024

We study the class

$\operatorname {Erg}^\perp $

of automorphisms which are disjoint with all ergodic systems. We prove that the identities are the only multipliers of

$\operatorname {Erg}^\perp ,$

that is, each automorphism whose every joining with an element of

$\operatorname {Erg}^{\perp }$

yields a system which is again an element of

$\operatorname {Erg}^{\perp }$

, must be an identity. Despite this fact, we show that

$\operatorname {Erg}^\perp $

is closed by taking Cartesian products. Finally, we prove that there are non-identity elements in

$\operatorname {Erg}^\perp $

whose self-joinings always yield elements in

$\operatorname {Erg}^\perp $

. This shows that there are non-trivial characteristic classes included in

$\operatorname {Erg}^\perp $

.
Informing eradication feasibility: ecological context and delimitation for boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera) in Western Australia
Authors: Batchelor Kathryn L. , Scott John K. , Webber Bruce L.
Published: December 2024

The southern African shrub boneseed [Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera (L.) Norl.] is a perennial shrub that is a significant threat to natural ecosystems and is listed as a Weed of National Significance in Australia. In Western Australia (WA) it has spread across peri-urban and natural environments. We assembled a single standardized database containing more than 2,050 presence records for individual plants and 135 absence records at a local population level. We further refined the populations into 89 sites that require different management trajectories due to topography and capacity of land managers to implement control. Forty-nine of these sites were in urban regions and 40 sites were in regional WA. We split these 89 sites into three near-term management goals: watch (12), extirpate (68), and contain (9). The 12 watch sites are those where all available evidence suggests that there have been no new inputs into the seedbank for 15 yr. The 68 sites marked for extirpation are those where delimitation is already achieved or easily achievable, where there have been minimal seed inputs into the soil seedbank in recent years due to consistent surveillance and control, and where surveys for new plants are likely to be efficient to conduct. Finally, for nine sites in urban regions around Perth, we recommend containment in the near term with a longer-term goal to achieve delimitation and extirpation. To achieve the objective of state-level eradication, a coordinated and sustained campaign involving three components—delimitation of all sites, prevention of further inputs into the soil seedbank, and systematic field surveys to remove plants—must commence without delay. While resourcing requirements for delimitation and overall program management are not possible to estimate, our prior experience suggests that it will take at least 1,900 h of on-ground surveying by experienced personnel to achieve extirpation of C. monilifera subsp. monilifera in WA.
Splash on a liquid pool: coupled cavity–sheet unsteady dynamics
Authors: Dandekar R. , Shen N. , Naar B. , Bourouiba L.
Published: December 2024

Splashes from impacts of drops on liquid pools are ubiquitous and generate secondary droplets important for a range of applications in healthcare, agriculture and industry. The physics of splash continues to comprise central unresolved questions. Combining experiments and theory, here we study the sequence of topological changes from drop impact on a deep, inviscid liquid pool, with a focus on the regime of crown splash with developing air cavity below the interface and crown sheet above it. We develop coupled evolution equations for the cavity–crown system, leveraging asymptotic theory for the cavity and conservation laws for the crown. Using the key coupling of sheet and cavity, we derive similarity solutions for the sheet velocity and thickness profiles, and asymptotic prediction of the crown height evolution. Unlike the cavity whose expansion is opposed by gravitational effects, the axial crown rise is mostly opposed by surface tension effects. Moreover, both the maximum crown height and the time of its occurrence scale as

${\textit {We}}^{5/7}$

. We find our analytical results to be in good agreement with our experimental measurements. The cavity–crown coupling achieved enables us to obtain explicit estimates of the crown splash spatio-temporal unsteady dynamics, paving the way to deciphering ultimate splash fragmentation.
Opportunities to synchronise and date archaeological and climate records in Northwest Africa using volcanic ash (tephra) layers
Authors: McLean Danielle , Horn Emma L. , Aguiar Simone , Barton Nick , Brown Richard , Carolin Stacy , Day Christopher , Kuhlmann Holger , Kutterolf Steffen , Mitsunaga Bryce , O'Mara Nicholas A. , Pacheco José M. , Pimentel Adriano , Ramalho Ricardo S. , Schindlbeck-Belo Julie Christin , Stoetzel Emmanuelle , Styring Amy , Uno Kevin T. , Vidyarthi Vaneshree , Xu Yunbei , Smith Victoria C.
Published: December 2024

Archaeological sites in Northwest Africa are rich in human fossils and artefacts providing proxies for behavioural and evolutionary studies. However, these records are difficult to underpin on a precise chronology, which can prevent robust assessments of the drivers of cultural/behavioural transitions. Past investigations have revealed that numerous volcanic ash (tephra) layers are interbedded within the Palaeolithic sequences and likely originate from large volcanic eruptions in the North Atlantic (e.g. the Azores, Canary Islands, Cape Verde). Critically, these ash layers offer a unique opportunity to provide new relative and absolute dating constraints (via tephrochronology) to synchronise key archaeological and palaeoenvironmental records in this region. Here, we provide an overview of the known eruptive histories of the potential source volcanoes capable of widespread ashfall in the region during the last ~300,000 years, and discuss the diagnostic glass compositions essential for robust tephra correlations. To investigate the eruption source parameters and weather patterns required for ash dispersal towards NW Africa, we simulate plausible ashfall distributions using the Ash3D model. This work constitutes the first step in developing a more robust tephrostratigraphic framework for distal ash layers in NW Africa and highlights how tephrochronology may be used to reliably synchronise and date key climatic and cultural transitions during the Palaeolithic.
THE LABOUR MARKET IMPLICATIONS OF BREXIT: A BEVERIDGE CURVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Casey Bernard H. , Mayhew Ken
Published: December 2024

That Brexit disrupted the UK economy is widely agreed. Studies refer to its impact on exports and imports and on food prices. Less work has been done with respect to the impact on the labour market. This article concentrates on the relationship between vacancies and unemployment, which serves as an indicator of labour market tightness. Post-Brexit, the number of vacancies relative to the number of people unemployed increased dramatically. Analysis is based upon difference-in-difference methods. It suggests that by mid 2022 the UK’s V/U ratio might have been some 25% higher than it would have been without Brexit.
Repatriating An Edifying Past: The Diaspora Ukrainian Authoritarian Right and Power Over Memory, 1991–2021
Authors: Rudling Per A.
Published: December 2024

The recent history of the Ukrainian authoritarian far right is one of paradoxes. If one looks at the polls, it has performed poorly; its modest successes have been regional and short-lived. On the other hand, it has been highly successful in terms of shaping memory politics in the country. It has had a disproportional influence on history writing, having invested significant efforts into building an effective structure in the field of memory management. Radical nationalists have also come to staff senior positions as deans and vice chancellors at Ukraine’s top universities, the ministry of education, the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory (UINP), and the archives of the Ukrainian Security Service (HDA SBU). The hard right has gained a disproportionate influence on “soft issues” of identity and the shaping of “national memory” – not only by running the governmental memory institutes, but also by hands-on drafting of memory laws outlawing “disrespect” for the OUN, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), and other historical far-right groups. This study seeks to trace and contextualize the repatriation of the ethnonationalist hard right from emigration and its role in shaping an infrastructure of memory production – in particular, under presidents Yushchenko (2005–2010) and Poroshenko (2014–2019).
New radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age Tiszafüred-Majoroshalom site (Eastern Hungary)
Authors: Dani János , Horváth Anikó , Gémes Anett , Fülöp Kristóf , Szeniczey Tamás , Tarbay János Gábor , Vicze Magdolna , McCall Ashley , Futó István , Szigeti Anna , Molnár Mihály , Novak Mario , Fischl Klára P , Kulcsár Gabriella , Szabó Géza , Mester Edit , Palcsu László , Kiss Viktória , Major István , Hajdu Tamás
Published: December 2024

In this paper we present new AMS radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age cemetery of Tiszafüred-Majoroshalom excavated between 1961 and 1972. The cemetery provides crucial information on the cultural development and chronology of the Bronze Age Otomani-Füzesabony and the Tumulus cultures of Eastern Central Europe, in addition to the transition between the Middle and Late Bronze Age (approx. 1500 BC) in the Great Hungarian Plain.
Patterns of Nabilone Prescriptions in Canadian Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Winters Emily M. , Gordon Jennifer L. , Hadjistavropoulos Thomas
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the current study was to understand the prevalence and patterns of cannabinoid use among LTC residents across Canada. We gathered data on cannabinoid prescriptions among LTC residents for one year before and after recreational cannabis legalization. Multi-level modelling was used to examine the effects of demographic and diagnostic characteristics on rates of cannabinoid prescription over time. All prescriptions were for nabilone. There was a significant increase in the proportion of residents prescribed nabilone following the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada. Residents with relatively more severe pain (based on the Minimum Data Set pain scale), a diagnosis of depression, or a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder were more likely to have received a nabilone prescription. Our results provide valuable information regarding the increasing use of synthetic cannabinoids in LTC. The implications for clinical practice and policy decision-makers are discussed.
The Islamic countryside and food supplies to the Levantine crusader cities in the first half of the twelfth century
Authors: Radwan Khaled Abdel Badea
Published: December 2024

After the Franks settled in the Levant, they sought a permanent logistic alternative to provide them with food. The first half of the twelfth century was the most significant challenge for the Franks when they sought to contribute to agricultural work in the Levant and participate in its economic system. Therefore, they were bound to deal with two natural and indispensable parallel aspects: First, entering into relations with the neighbouring Islamic environment and handling the positive or negative implications and second establishing settlement bases in this environment. This paper delves into Arab sources and rereads European narratives, trying to highlight the role of the Islamic countryside in providing a share of the food supplies of the Crusader cities, a matter that scholars have not addressed properly yet
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Providing First Aid by Commercial Motorcyclists: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ufashingabire Minani Christine , Soh Kim Lam , Abdul Manaf Rosliza , KC Mani Kulanthayan , Twagirumugabe Theogene
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The mortality and morbidity due to road traffic crashes (RTCs) are increasing drastically world-wide. Poor prehospital care management contributes to dismal patient outcomes, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and self-reported practice (KAP) of providing first aid for RTC victims by commercial motorcyclists. In addition, it determined the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and the level of KAP, then the predicting factors of outcome variables.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study of 200 randomly selected commercial motorcyclists was conducted in May 2021. A chi-square test and multivariate analysis were used to analyze data.

Results:

The findings showed that most participants had a poor knowledge level (87.5 %), positive attitudes (74.5%), and poor self-reported practice (51.5%). Previous first-aid training and knowing an emergency call number for the police were predictors of good knowledge (AOR = 3.7064; 95% CI, 1.379-9.956 and AOR = 6.132; 95% CI,1.735-21.669, respectively). Previous first-aid training was also a predictor of positive attitudes (AOR = 3.087; 95% CI, 1.033-9.225). Moreover, the likelihood of having an excellent self-reported practice was less among participants under 40 years of age (AOR = 0.404; 95% CI, 0.182-0.897) and those who cared for up to five victims (AOR = 0.523; 95% CI, 0.282-0.969). Contrary, previous first-aid training (AOR = 2.410; 95% CI, 1.056-5.499) and educational level from high school and above increased the odds of having good self-reported practice (AOR = 2.533; 95% CI, 1.260-5.092).

Conclusion:

Considering the study findings, training should be provided to improve the knowledge and skills of commercial motorcyclists since they are among the primary road users in Rwanda and involved in RTCs.