bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Growth Mindset on Mathematics Achievement Among Chinese Junior High School Students: The Mediating Roles of Academic Buoyancy and Adaptability
Authors: Chen Mudan , Mok Ida Ah Chee , Cao Yiming , Wijaya Tommy Tanu , Ning Yimin
Published: November 2024

A growth mindset is crucial for students’ academic development. Many studies have demonstrated the influence of a growth mindset on mathematics achievement, but the mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship still warrant further exploration. This study investigates the mediating roles of students’ academic buoyancy and adaptability in the relationship between the student growth mindset and mathematics achievement within the Chinese cultural context. The sample included 1164 junior high school students (49.4% females). Using structural equation modeling, the results showed that, after controlling for gender, school type, and family socioeconomic status, the student growth mindset was positively related to mathematics achievement. Furthermore, the student growth mindset was significantly associated with the student academic buoyancy, cognitive-behavioral adaptability, and affective adaptability, but only cognitive-behavioral adaptability further mediated the relationship between the student growth mindset and mathematics achievement. The multi-group analysis demonstrated that the model exhibited invariance across the genders, school types, and SES levels, indicating that the associations were applicable to both boys and girls, to both boarding and day students, and to students from low-, middle-, and high-SES backgrounds. We discuss the findings by considering the Chinese cultural characteristics and provide insights that may help in the development of interventions to improve students’ mathematics performance.
A Triadic Competency Requirement Model for Successful Win-Win Optimization in Public–Private Partnerships: A Structural Equation Modelling
Authors: Eshun Bridget T. B. , Chan Albert P. C. , Boateng Emmanuel B. , Oteng Daniel
Published: November 2024

Public Private Partnership (PPP) initiatives are often promoted as a mechanism for achieving win-win outcomes. However, recent studies highlight the realisation as a hurdle due to gaps in public and private sector competencies. PPP studies have typically focused on specific competency areas and have typically overlooked assessing the interrelationships among various competency dimensions, although these interconnections reflect how competencies function in real-world projects. Therefore, this study sets the pace in the development and modelling of a holistic competency requirement model for the public and private sectors in PPP schemes. A comprehensive literature review coupled with expert validation through piloting identified and categorised the competencies while Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was adopted in model development. Findings indicated that public and private sector competencies for win-win optimisation should capture functional requirements, which are PPP scheme and type dependent, organisational requirements which highlight the institutional build of the project parties and relational/behavioural competency requirements that capture the traits and alliancing attributes. The study recommends the strategic alignment of public and private sector roles, skills, and capabilities before initiating infrastructure development to cultivate an environment conducive to achieving win-win outcomes in PPPs. This study challenges the conventional isolated approaches to PPP competencies with an integrated approach that deepens the understanding of successful infrastructure development in PPP.
An Enzyme Mimicking Dendritic Platinum–Iron Oxide Catalyzes the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Feng Feng , Liu Yajing , Yao Li , Wang Xiuyu
Published: November 2024

Creatine catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and NADPH oxidase (NOX) are natural enzyme molecules that play a crucial role in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems. They maintain life activities and eliminate pathogens by catalyzing various biochemical reactions. However, natural enzymes have some drawbacks in ROS control; they may lose activity under certain environmental conditions, such as high temperatures, extreme pH values, or the presence of organic solvents, which affects their stability and reliability in different applications. The construction of artificial nanozymes is an emerging technology that could probably solve the problems existing in natural enzymes. This study introduces a type of dendritic platinum–iron oxide (DPIO) nanozyme. The unique dendritic structure of this DPIO nanozyme provides a high surface area-to-volume ratio, and the addition of a platinum layer on the surface offers stability, thereby effectively enhancing the catalytic efficiency of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The combination of iron-based Fenton reactions and platinum-based Fenton-like reactions in this DPIO nanozyme drastically improves ROS catalytic efficiency. This artificial nanozyme has a high level of biosafety and displays no cytotoxicity. The development of DPIO nanozymes marks a significant advancement in the technology of artificial nanozymes.
Reaction-Engineering Approach for Stable Rotating Glow-to-Arc Plasma—Key Principles of Effective Gas-Conversion Processes
Authors: Kaufmann Samuel Jaro , Chinnaraj Haripriya , Buschmann Johanna , Rößner Paul , Birke Kai Peter
Published: November 2024

This work presents advancements in a rotating glow-to-arc plasma reactor, designed for stable gas conversion of robust molecules like CO2, N2, and CH4. Plasma-based systems play a critical role in Power-to-X research, offering electrified, sustainable pathways for industrial gas conversion. Here, we scaled the reactor’s power from 200 W to 1.2 kW in a CO2 plasma, which introduced instability due to uplift forces and arc behavior. These were mitigated by integrating silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic foam as a mechanical restriction, significantly enhancing stability by reducing arc movement, confining convection, and balancing volumetric flow within the arc. Using high-speed camera analysis and in situ electronic frequency measurements, we identified dominant frequencies tied to operational parameters, supporting potential in operando monitoring and control. Arc-rotation frequencies from 5 to 50 Hz and higher frequencies (500 to 2700 Hz) related to arc chattering reveal the system’s dynamic response to power and flow changes. Furthermore, refining the specific energy input (SEI) to account for plasma residence time allowed for a more precise calculation of effective SEI, optimizing energy delivery to target molecules. Our findings underscore the reactor’s promise for scalable, efficient gas conversion in sustainable energy applications.
The Ponseti Method vs. Surgical Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Prospective Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Svehlik Martin , Guggenberger Bernhard , Stöckler Michael , Klim Sebastian , Kraus Tanja
Published: November 2024

Background: Idiopathic clubfoot is a common skeletal deformity in newborns that can cause functional limitations, pain, and reduced quality of life. The Ponseti method has become the gold standard for clubfoot treatment, replacing previous extensive surgical approaches. However, there is a lack of prospective long-term data comparing surgical and Ponseti treatments. Methods: This is a follow-up on a single-center, prospective, randomized clinical trial that started in 2001. The aim of this study was to compare the Ponseti method with surgical treatment. The current report presents the long-term results at adulthood of 12 clubfeet (9 subjects) in the Ponseti group and 9 clubfeet (5 subjects) in the surgical group. The evaluation included morphology, function, and quality of life, which were assessed through gait analysis, X-rays, and standardized questionnaires (FRS, ICFSG, AOFAS, SF-36). A Functional Rating System for clubfeet was defined as the primary outcome. Results: The Ponseti group had higher Functional Rating System scores, better ankle dorsiflexion mobility, and lower pain levels. Additionally, they reported better quality of life according to the Short Form 36 survey. However, neither group achieved radiographically normal foot morphology. Conclusions: The 18-year follow-up results indicate that the Ponseti method produces superior outcomes in terms of mobility, gait, function, and quality of life when compared to surgically treated feet, despite the presence of persistent morphological deviations.
Integrating Chronic Disease Management and Harm Reduction for Youth with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Amid Canada’s Overdose Crisis
Authors: Adebiyi Babatope O. , Birnie Kathryn A. , Schmeling Heinrike
Published: November 2024

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic autoimmune condition in children that often requires long-term pain management, which can include opioid use. In the context of Canada’s ongoing overdose crisis, youth with JIA face risks due to potential opioid dependency and exposure to toxic drug supplies. This commentary proposes an integrated approach combining chronic disease management with harm reduction strategies specifically tailored for JIA patients. By incorporating multidisciplinary care, opioid stewardship, and harm reduction measures, this approach aims to address the dual challenges of managing chronic pain and mitigating substance use risks. Key recommendations include the development of integrated care models, enhanced access to multidisciplinary services, allocation of resources for specialized pain management, research, and mental health support, and investment in harm reduction initiatives. Additionally, comprehensive training for healthcare providers on the intersection of chronic pain, substance use, and mental health is essential. This integrated strategy not only supports the medical and psychosocial needs of youth with JIA but also offers a model for addressing the broader challenges faced by vulnerable populations in the overdose crisis. Adopting these measures will help protect this at-risk group, improve their quality of life, and contribute to the overall public health response to the overdose epidemic.
Caries Level in 3-Year-Olds in Germany: National Caries Trends and Gaps in Primary Dental Care
Authors: Santamaría Ruth M. , Splieth Christian H. , Basner Roger , Schankath Elisabeth , Schmoeckel Julian
Published: November 2024

Background: Nationally representative long-term data on caries in the primary dentition are rare but essential for determining the need for prevention and treatment. This research assessed the prevalence and trends of dental caries in 3-year-old children across Germany, with national data analyzed and compared with the corresponding data for 6–7-year-olds. Methods: Data were extracted from the most recent German National Oral Health Survey in 2016. Children aged 3 years were examined by calibrated dentists in 10 German regions using the WHO criteria for d3–4mft, including assessment of initial carious lesions d1–2mft. In addition, the Significant Caries Index (SiC), the Care Index (CI) and the Specific Affected Caries Index (SaC) were considered to identify provision of care and risk groups. Results: In a total of 95,127 3-year-old preschool children, caries prevalence was 13.7% with a mean d3–4mft of 0.48. Including initial carious lesions, prevalence increased to 18.7% (mean 0.67 d1–4mft). Dependent on the German region, d3–4mft values varied noticeably from 0.38 (Schleswig-Holstein) to 0.58 (Saxony-Anhalt and Berlin). Comparing data from 3-year-olds to 6–7-year-olds, the d3–4mft value for 6–7-year-olds (1.73) was more than three times higher than that for 3-year-olds (0.48). The SiC value was 1.47 for 3-year-olds and 4.88 for 6–7-year-olds, while the SaC values were 3.57 and 3.97, respectively. The Care Index was low for both groups (26.1% and 57.5%, respectively). Conclusions: Germany exhibited a high level of dental caries in the primary dentition for 3 (13.7%) to 6–7-year-olds (44%) children. This large cross-sectional study revealed considerable room for improvement in the early caries prevention and treatment within the well-equipped German dental health infrastructure.
Comment on van Gemert et al. Child Abuse, Misdiagnosed by an Expertise Center—Part II—Misuse of Bayes’ Theorem. Children 2023, 10, 843
Authors: Onkenhout Nina H. , Terlingen Heike C. , Nagtegaal Michelle , van de Putte Elise M. , Boos Stephen C. , Berger Charles E. H.
Published: November 2024

Recently, part I and part II of a series of three papers were published, namely the papers by Vlaming et al [...]
Reply to Onkenhout et al. Comment on “van Gemert et al. Child Abuse, Misdiagnosed by an Expertise Center—Part II—Misuse of Bayes’ Theorem. Children 2023, 10, 843”
Authors: van Gemert Martin J. C. , Vlaming Marianne , Nikkels Peter G. J. , van Koppen Peter J.
Published: November 2024

We thank the authors for their Comments [...]
Nutrition-Focused Quality Improvement Programs in Pediatric Care
Authors: Sharn Amy R. , Phillips Wendy , Stutts John T. , Kaminski Mary , Shepps Amy , Arensberg Mary Beth
Published: November 2024

Nutrition is fundamental to a child’s growth and development. However, nutritional health is often compromised by acute and chronic conditions and treatments that can commonly result in malnutrition. Malnutrition encompasses undernutrition and overnutrition and may be exacerbated by food insecurity. Recent health policy efforts in the United States (US) include those focused on quality measurement and social determinants of health (SDOH) to reduce risks for malnutrition and food insecurity. Nutrition-focused quality improvement programs (QIPs) have emerged as a successful model for benchmarking current nutrition care in adult patients and creating pathways for establishing best practices for timely malnutrition screening, intervention, and appropriate follow-up and care coordination. However, less is known about opportunities for nutrition-focused QIPs in hospital pediatric malnutrition care. This Perspective helps fill the gap by discussing the problem of pediatric malnutrition and current US quality frameworks and child nutrition programs related to malnutrition and food insecurity. In addition, this Perspective summarizes how nutrition-focused QIPs can impact malnutrition, including how QIPs can link hospital care with patient discharge planning and outpatient interventions. Finally, the Perspective outlines specific opportunities for the implementation of pediatric nutrition-focused QIPs to reduce office visits and/or inpatient readmissions through appropriate nutrition screening, assessment, and interventions.
Two Disaccharide-Bearing Polyethers, K-41B and K-41Bm, Potently Inhibit HIV-1 via Mechanisms Different from That of Their Precursor Polyether, K-41A
Authors: Liu Jie , Wei Qiuyu , Liu Xin , Chen Jiang , Zhan Yujie , Li Qinglian , Wang Qian , Liang Bingyu , Jiang Junjun , Qin Fengxiang , Yuan Zongxiang , Qin Qiuzhen , Li Xuehua , Li Yangping , Liang Hao , Ye Li , Zhou Bo
Published: November 2024

The screening of novel antiviral agents from marine microorganisms is an important strategy for new drug development. Our previous study found that polyether K-41A and its analog K-41Am, derived from a marine Streptomyces strain, exhibit anti-HIV activity by suppressing the activities of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and its integrase (IN). Among the K-41A derivatives, two disaccharide-bearing polyethers—K-41B and K-41Bm—were found to have potent anti-HIV-1IIIB activity in vitro. This study aimed to clarify whether K-41B and K-41Bm have inhibitory effects on different HIV-1 strains or whether these two derivatives have mechanisms of action different from that of their precursor, K-41A. An anti-HIV-1 assay indicated that K-41B and K-41Bm have potent anti-HIV-1BaL activity, with low 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) (0.076 and 0.208 μM, respectively) and high selective indexes (SIs) (58.829 and 31.938, respectively) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-HIV-1BaL system. The time-of-addition (TOA) assay indicated that K-41B and K-41Bm may exert antiviral effects by activating multiple stages of HIV-1 replication. A cell protection assay indicated that the pretreatment of cells with K-41B or K-41Bm has almost no inhibitory effect on HIV-1 infection. A virus inactivation assay indicated that pretreatment of the virus with K-41B or K-41Bm inhibits HIV-1 infection by 60%. A cell–cell fusion assay showed that K-41B and K-41Bm blocked the cell fusion mediated by viral envelope proteins. The HIV-1 key enzyme experiment also indicated that both compounds have certain inhibitory effects on HIV-1 IN. Furthermore, molecular docking showed that K-41B and K-41Bm interact with several viral and host proteins, including HIV-1 IN, an envelope protein (gp120), a transmembrane protein (gp41), and cell surface receptors (CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4). Overall, in addition to having a similar anti-HIV-1 mechanism of inhibiting HIV-1 IN like the precursor polyether K-41A, the disaccharide-bearing polyether derivatives K-41B and K-41Bm may also inhibit viral entry. This suggests that they display anti-HIV-1 mechanisms that are different from those of their precursor polyethers.
Dendropanax morbifera Extracts for Cosmetic Applications: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ngoc Le , Moon Ju-Young , Lee Young-Chul
Published: November 2024

We have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the cosmetic applications of Dendropanax morbifera extracts (DMEs). A total of 261 articles were screened; however, after eliminating inappropriate studies, only 16 individual studies were eligible. The comparative standardized mean difference (SMD) between the DME treatment and control groups was used to evaluate the cosmetic properties of DME, including its biocompatibility, whitening effects, and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. DME treatment exhibited positive results in controlling hyperpigmentation, including effective inhibition of the production of tyrosinase and melanin, with SMDs of 6.85 [4.27, 9.44] and 23.38 [12.94, 33.82], respectively. Moreover, the results confirmed the anti-inflammatory properties in terms of suppressing the expression of interleukin markers (ILs) (SMD = 5.22 [3.12, 7.33]) and reducing NO production (SMD = 6.92 [2.89, 10.96]). DME treatment also effectively inhibited bacteria growth, which causes skin disorders. According to the results, DMEs are shown to be highly biocompatibility, with excellent anti-hyperpigmentation, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties that contribute significantly to improving skin appearance. The findings provide strong evidence for further research into the in vivo effects of DMEs and their potential cosmetic applications, which could lead to clinical trials in the future.
The Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Shandong Province, China, 2018–2020
Authors: Zhao Yuzhong , Cui Xinyu , Sang Haotian , Wen Shaodong , Han Lebin , Yang Pingping , Xiao Yihong , Hou Yanmeng
Published: November 2024

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important swine pathogen that has caused considerable economic losses in the global swine industry. During our surveillance of pigs in Shandong, China, from 2018 to 2020, we found that the PCV2 infection rate was 7.89% (86/1090). In addition, we found frequent mixed infections of PCV2 with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and porcine herpesvirus (PRV). Thirteen positive clinical samples were selected to amplify the complete genome of PCV2, and were sequenced. Among the 13, we detected two genotypes: PCV2b (1/13) and PCV2d (12/13). This suggests that PCV2d is the dominant genotype circulating in Shandong Province. Additionally, we found three positively selected sites in the ORF2 region, located on the previously reported antigenic epitopes. This investigation will contribute to understanding of the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of PCV2 strains in China.
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: From Basics to Clinical and Nutritional Management
Authors: Gonzalez-Aldaco Karina , Torres-Reyes Luis A. , Ojeda-Granados Claudia , Leal-Mercado Leonardo , Roman Sonia , Panduro Arturo
Published: November 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely associated with obesity and other cardiometabolic risk factors. MASLD has rapidly become the most common cause of liver disease worldwide, currently affecting 38% of the global population. Excess weight causes chronic inflammation and the activation of different pathways involved in liver damage. MASLD can progress from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, giving way to its inflammatory component, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), previously recognized as non-alcoholic steatosis hepatitis (NASH). Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a significant challenge to liver health as it triggers hepatic inflammation, metabolic disruption, and hepatic steatosis. The convergence of MASLD and chronic HCV infection can significantly alter the course of liver disease and accelerate the progression to severe liver damage. Currently, HCV treatment has a high cure rate. However, in patients who achieve a sustained virological response after treatment with direct-acting antivirals, weight gain, and excessive calorie intake may contribute to increased liver steatosis and a higher risk of liver disease progression. Therefore, the effective clinical and nutritional management of HCV patients, both before and after viral eradication, is crucial to reducing the risk of death from hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding the complex interactions between MASLD and HCV infection is crucial for managing these patients appropriately. Herein, host and viral mechanisms inducing liver damage during the coexistence of MASLD and HCV infection are described, and their therapeutic and dietary management are discussed.
Extraperitoneal Open Radical Cystectomy: A New Standard in Frail Patients with Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer?
Authors: Porav-Hodade Daniel , Big Silvestru-Alexandru , Barbos Vlad-Ilie , Gherle Bogdan , Jerzicska Ernő , Ona Victor , Feciche Bogdan-Ovidiu
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Radical cystectomy (RC) represents one of the most complex and morbid surgical procedures in the field of Urology. Extraperitoneal open RC has emerged as an alternative to the traditional transperitoneal approach for the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Frailty is one of the most important risk factors for perioperative morbidity and mortality, and this category of patients can benefit the most from the extraperitoneal approach. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and the safety of extraperitoneal open RC in our experience; Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of 75 frail patients who underwent an extraperitoneal open RC, performed by a single experienced surgeon. We assessed their frailty status using the simplified frailty index (sFI). We recorded data regarding general characteristics, intraoperative, pathological, and postoperative complications, and mortality (within 90 days); Results: We analyzed 61 males and 14 females with an sFI equal to or higher than 3. The median age was 77 years. Fifty-one patients had an ASA score of 3 or more. Sixty procedures were with radical intention, while fifteen were palliative. Cutaneous ureterostomy was performed in 70 cases and extraperitonized ileal conduit in five cases. The median operative time was 150 min. The median blood loss was 400 mL. The median time to flatus was 2 days. The median postoperative stay was 7 days. Thirteen patients had Clavien–Dindo III or IV complications. Two patients died in first 90 days postoperatively; Conclusions: The extraperitoneal open RC in frail patients was demonstrated to be a feasible and safe alternative approach in definitive treatment or a palliative setting in our experience.
Technologies in Marine Antifouling and Anti-Corrosion Coatings: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Liang Hua , Shi Xiaolong , Li Yanzhou
Published: November 2024

With the rapid development of marine engineering, effective antifouling and anti-corrosion technologies are essential for ensuring the safety and longevity of marine facilities. This review synthesizes current research on various coating technologies designed to combat marine biological fouling and corrosion. It analyzes the causes of marine biological fouling and corrosion, discusses their potential impacts on the safety of ships and marine structures, and emphasizes the need for effective protective systems. The review covers current antifouling coating technologies, including the preparation of low-surface-energy coatings, conductive coatings, biomimetic coatings, polysiloxane coatings, polyurea coatings, epoxy coatings, polyurethane coatings, and high-entropy alloy coatings. Anti-corrosion coatings are also discussed, with a focus on the characteristics of epoxy, polyurethane, and polyurea coatings, as well as metal-based coatings, alongside their corrosion resistance in marine environments. Based on existing research, the review summarizes ongoing challenges in marine antifouling and anti-corrosion coating technologies, and offers perspectives on future research directions and technological developments.
Use of BODIPY and BORANIL Dyes to Improve Solar Conversion in the Fabrication of Organic Photovoltaic Cells Through the Co-Sensitization Method
Authors: Leite Arcano Matheus Bragança , da Cunha Higor Oliveira , Romanhi Paula , Pedrosa Leandro Ferreira , Babu Rajendran Suresh , de Barros Ana Lucia Ferreira
Published: November 2024

This work addresses the implementation of the co-sensitization technique to increase the energy efficiency of organic dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Fluorescent dyes derived from boron complexes— (BORANIL) and (BODIPY)— were successfully synthesized and used as co-sensitizers in different volume percentage ratios to verify the most effective concentration for photon capture through these sensitizers. The dyes were optically characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), analyzing them through the optical performance of each hybrid combination of dyes, an optimization of the photon collection capacity in the tests performed in a volume percentage ratio of 25:75 or 1:3. The morphology and surface roughness of the electrodes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Through electrochemical characterizations, it was found that the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency was obtained with the ATH1005 (D) dye mixed with ATH032 (G) in the proportion of 25%:75% or DG 1:3, with efficiency (η) of 3.45%, against 2.43% and 1.90% for DG 1:1 and DG 3:1 cells, respectively. Cells with BODIPY dyes also present higher conversion efficiencies compared to BORANIL cells. The results corroborate the presentation of organic solar cells as a viable option for electricity generation.
Automated Cervical Cancer Screening Using Single-Cell Segmentation and Deep Learning: Enhanced Performance with Liquid-Based Cytology
Authors: Rodríguez Mariangel , Córdova Claudio , Benjumeda Isabel , San Martín Sebastián
Published: November 2024

Cervical cancer (CC) remains a significant health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While Pap smears are the standard screening method, they have limitations, like low sensitivity and subjective interpretation. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) offers improvements but still relies on manual analysis. This study explored the potential of deep learning (DL) for automated cervical cell classification using both Pap smears and LBC samples. A novel image segmentation algorithm was employed to extract single-cell patches for training a ResNet-50 model. The model trained on LBC images achieved remarkably high sensitivity (0.981), specificity (0.979), and accuracy (0.980), outperforming previous CNN models. However, the Pap smear dataset model achieved significantly lower performance (0.688 sensitivity, 0.762 specificity, 0.8735 accuracy). This suggests that noisy and poor cell definition in Pap smears pose challenges for automated classification, whereas LBC provides better classifiable cells patches. These findings demonstrate the potential of AI-powered cervical cell classification for improving CC screening, particularly with LBC. The high accuracy and efficiency of DL models combined with effective segmentation can contribute to earlier detection and more timely intervention. Future research should focus on implementing explainable AI models to increase clinician trust and facilitate the adoption of AI-assisted CC screening in LMICs.
PM2.5 Time Series Imputation with Moving Averages, Smoothing, and Linear Interpolation
Authors: Flores Anibal , Tito-Chura Hugo , Cuentas-Toledo Osmar , Yana-Mamani Victor , Centty-Villafuerte Deymor
Published: November 2024

In this work, a novel model for hourly PM2.5 time series imputation is proposed for the estimation of missing values in different gap sizes, including 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. The proposed model is based on statistical techniques such as moving averages, linear interpolation smoothing, and linear interpolation. For the experimentation stage, two datasets were selected in Ilo City in southern Peru. Also, five benchmark models were implemented to compare the proposed model results; the benchmark models include exponential weighted moving average (EWMA), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and bidirectional GRU (BiGRU). The results show that, in terms of average MAPEs, the proposed model outperforms the best deep learning model (GRU) between 26.61% and 90.69%, and the best statistical model (ARIMA) between 2.33% and 6.67%. So, the proposed model is a good alternative for the estimation of missing values in PM2.5 time series.
Network Data Plane Programming Languages: A Survey
Authors: Brandino Belén , Grampín Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Network data plane programming is a consequence of the evolution of the concept of control and data plane separation, stated two decades ago, and established on the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) architecture. The concept has been evolving since its initial implementation using the OpenFlow protocol, whereby an omniscient external entity, the controller, dynamically configures the forwarding of network devices, which are basically “dummies”. In this paper, we review network data plane programming languages, describing their theoretical characteristics and presenting examples and possible targets in order to compare them, in search of the best solutions to have a network of dynamically programmable devices that allow the network operator to deploy innovative use cases without depending on the manufacturer, promoting innovation. The main contribution is to gather in one place the existing languages, present them, and compare different features to help the operator and programmers. Overall, we conclude that today, the language with the most development and device targets is P4, although there are many developments based on XDP and eBPF that can be useful when implementing a programmable network solution.
Boosting the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of CUG-1A Lunar Regolith Simulant by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Liu Yiwei , Zhang Xian , Chen Xiong , Wang Chao , Yu Yaolun , Jia Yi , Yao Wei
Published: November 2024

The mechanical and thermal properties of the fabricated structures composed of lunar regolith are of great interest due to the urgent demand for in situ construction and manufacturing on the Moon for sustainable human habitation. This work demonstrates the great enhancement of the mechanical and thermal properties of CUG-1A lunar regolith simulant samples using spark plasma sintering (SPS). The morphology, chemical composition, structure, mechanical and thermal properties of the molten and SPSed samples were investigated. The sintering temperature significantly influenced the microstructure and macroscopic properties of these samples. The highest density (~99.7%), highest thermal conductivity (2.65 W·m−1·K−1 at 1073 K), and the best mechanical properties (compressive strength: 370.2 MPa, flexural strength: 81.4 MPa) were observed for the SPSed sample sintered at 1273 K. The enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of these lunar regolith simulant samples are attributed to the compact structure and the tight bonding between particles via homogenous glass.
Bladder Outlet Obstruction Due to Recurrent Complete Labial Fusion in Postmenopausal Woman—Case Report
Authors: Tîrnovanu Mihaela Camelia , Cojocaru Elena , Tîrnovanu Vlad Gabriel , Toma Bogdan Florin , Păvăloiu Cristian , Toma Loredana , Parteni Diana Elena , Tîrnovanu Ștefan Dragoș
Published: November 2024

Background: Labial fusion is a rare condition typically observed in prepubescent girls, but it can also occur in postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency. Methods: Our case report presents a unique instance of recurrent complete labial fusion causing bladder outlet obstruction in a postmenopausal woman. Results: The 84-year-old patient presented with dysuria and intermittent urine leakage. A physical examination revealed complete labial fusion with a small central opening. The diagnosis was confirmed through clinical evaluation, and surgical intervention was necessary to relieve the obstruction. Recurrent episodes followed despite a hormonal treatment with topical estrogen. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and the challenge of managing labial fusion in postmenopausal women, where recurrent episodes may complicate treatment. Surgical management, along with hormone therapy, remain essential for optimal outcomes. Further studies are needed to understand the recurrence mechanisms and to establish standardized treatment protocols.
The Importance of Basic Sciences in Dental Education
Authors: Kristensen Anna Tostrup , Thune Noora Helene , Khan Qalbi , Utheim Tor Paaske , Sehic Amer
Published: November 2024

The rapid advancements in biomedical sciences, including genomics, microbiome research, and bioinformatics, underscore the need for dental education to evolve to meet future challenges in public oral health and healthcare delivery. The integration of basic sciences into dental curricula is crucial to ensure that dental professionals are thoroughly prepared in these fundamental areas. Despite the widespread agreement on the necessity of including basic medical sciences in dental education, challenges such as curricular congestion, faculty economics, and infrastructural limits persist, complicating the integration of new scientific knowledge. Furthermore, there remains a significant lack of research concerning the optimal extent, timing, and focus of these subjects, whether biochemical, medical, or dental. Additionally, there is a need to address prevailing conceptions about the irrelevance of basic sciences to the field of dentistry, which necessitates a focus on teaching methodologies and pedagogical strategies. Therefore, it is essential to advance educational research that prepares future educators to integrate basic sciences into dental education through evidence-based teaching methods. The dental curriculum, which encompasses fundamental sciences, laboratory exercises, and clinical practice, must overcome considerable pedagogical challenges to effectively incorporate and balance these basic sciences within its educational structure.
Quantitative Assessment of Apically Extruded Debris During Retreatment Procedures Using Three Nickel-Titanium Rotary Systems: An In Vitro Comparative Study
Authors: Generali Luigi , Veneri Federica , Cavani Francesco , Checchi Vittorio , Bertoldi Carlo , Ingrosso Angela Lucia , La Rosa Giusy Rita Maria , Pedullà Eugenio
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Apical extrusion of debris can affect the success of endodontic treatments, and the specific performance of certain retreatment systems has not been studied yet. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to quantitatively assess the amount of apically extruded debris produced during retreatment procedures using three rotary NiTi retreatment systems in mature non-resorbed straight roots. Methods: Thirty extracted permanent human teeth with single straight roots were selected. The root canals were prepared with the ProTaper Next system up to size 30 and obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer using the continuous wave of condensation technique. The samples were stored for 30 days and randomized by computer sequence into three retreatment groups (n = 10): (1) ProTaper Universal Retreatment; (2) HyFlex Remover; and (3) VDW.Rotate Retreatment. Apically extruded debris was collected in Eppendorf tubes and weighed with a microbalance (10−5 g) before and after retreatment procedure. As the data were not normally distributed, the Kruskal–Wallis test was applied for comparing data among groups, with an alpha level set at α = 0.05. Dunn’s test was considered for post-hoc analyses, if appropriate. Results: Hyflex Remover was associated with the highest amount of extruded debris (0.85 ± 0.82 mg), followed by VDW.Rotate Retreatment (0.78 ± 0.41 mg) and ProTaper Universal Retreatment (0.62 ± 0.28 mg). However, the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: All the retreatment systems tested were associated with apical extrusion of debris in vitro, with no significant quantitative differences between them, suggesting that clinicians can choose a retreatment system with features appropriate to the specific clinical situation without risk of increasing the amount of apically extruded debris.
Resilience Factors of Ukrainian Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Business
Authors: Dligach Andrii , Stavytskyy Andriy
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, businesses in Ukraine face new challenges that the world has never experienced before. Earlier, during the war, countries had to curtail their economic activities, everything operated for the sake of military needs. However, now, within hybrid wars, the country’s economy and its actors have to demonstrate rapid adaptive models and changes in strategies, and sometimes function without strategies at all. Advanter Group conducted a survey of 696 Ukrainian enterprises in the period from 20 December 2023 to 8 January 2024 (a year of full-scale aggression); a direct questionnaire method was used. Key hypotheses (10 hypotheses) regarding the resilience factors of Ukrainian businesses during the period of the full-scale invasion were tested using statistical analysis methods. Statistically significant differences were established in various aspects of the functioning of SMBs. Based on the research, it is concluded that reforms in the legal sphere, aimed at facilitating conditions for business and protecting the rights of enterprises, are an urgent necessity for the further development of the economy of Ukraine. Practical recommendations arising from the research are presented, including reducing the level of uncertainty for business, revising the tax system, creating incentives for the development of SMBs, and increasing the transparency and stability of the conditions for resource mobilization. Several key principles of the national policy aimed at facilitating conditions for the development of entrepreneurship and anti-corruption are also suggested.
Comparative Analysis of Business Environment Dynamics in Central and Eastern Europe: A Multi-Criteria Approach
Authors: Gajdosikova Dominika , Vojtekova Simona
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the world economy and global society. However, small- and medium-sized enterprises are among the most vulnerable and affected groups of businesses, and in some cases, life-saving interventions have resulted in serious existential implications. The difficulties of insufficient demand, non-negligible fixed costs, and inadequate financing are unsustainable for many firms. Thus, the main aim of this study is to evaluate the variables influencing business activities, apply macroeconomic variables to compare the business environments in fifteen European countries, and utilize appropriate statistical techniques to confirm the results. Significant differences exist in the business climate across selected European countries, as identified by the TOPSIS method, CPI, and GCI. Low levels of corruption, strong economic stability, and high competitiveness make countries like Germany and Austria attractive for business environments. Estonia is also a leader in technological innovation and low corruption. Conversely, Bulgaria and Romania are struggling with higher levels of corruption and reduced competitiveness, potentially impeding business endeavours. The Visegrad Group countries are in the middle of the spectrum, scoring average to good but with opportunities for improvement in corruption and innovation. Overall, the business climate in these countries is diverse, reflecting their unique economic, political, and social circumstances.
Too Busy to Read, Too Important to Ignore: How Teachers Manage to Read Work-Related Literature in Their Day-to-Day Work
Authors: Schirle Linda , Just Andreas , Sälzer Christine
Published: November 2024

Educational policy and research demand evidence-orientation from teachers in their professional activities. However, how teachers should integrate this requirement into their everyday work remains controversial. The resources available to teachers—above all time—play a central role. Teachers are a very heterogeneous professional group that differs at least in terms of the subjects they teach. Using teacher data from PISA 2022, this study explores: (1) whether mathematics teachers differ from others in reading work-related literature, (2) whether there are distinct types of mathematics teachers based on time investment during a regular workweek, (3) how these types differ in mental health, job satisfaction, collaboration, and training needs, including the respective role of reading work-related literature, and (4) what conclusions can be drawn for education policy and practice. Data from 2516 teachers in Germany were analyzed using K-means clustering, mean comparisons, and Chi2 tests to compare mathematics teachers with other subject teachers and examine time allocation with respect to the engagement in reading work-related literature. The results highlight the importance of categorizing teachers into specific subgroups and considering various factors affecting their teaching and commitment in professional development. For mathematics teachers, the findings offer initial insights into how their time investment impacts their ability to engage with work-related literature and the unique challenges they face. This has implications for their professional development and support.
Negative Association Between Schizophrenia and Subsequent Cancer Diagnoses—A Retrospective Cohort Study from Germany
Authors: Rodemer Ira , Vetter Céline , Kalder Matthias , Hajek André , Kostev Karel
Published: November 2024

Background: Since previous studies have reported contradictory findings regarding the relationship between schizophrenia and cancer, we evaluated the association between schizophrenia and cancer diagnoses. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database was utilized to examine the incidence of cancer among patients aged over 18 years diagnosed with schizophrenia in German general practices from 2005 to 2022. Patients with schizophrenia were compared with those without the condition, with adjustments made for age, sex, index year of diagnosis, average annual practitioners visit frequency, and comorbidity. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to analyze the 10-year cumulative incidence of schizophrenia and cancer in total amongst patients with and without schizophrenia. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to calculate Hazard Ratios (HR) of cancer risk and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of cancer in total and of specific cancer types. Results: Patients with schizophrenia (N = 13.711) had a lower incidence of cancer diagnosis compared to those without (N = 68.555). Specifically, 10.4% of patients with schizophrenia and 12.5% of patients without the condition were diagnosed with cancer (p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed a significant association between schizophrenia and subsequent cancer in the total population (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.76–0.90), and among men (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.61–0.80), but not among women (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.84–1.04). Analyses stratified by cancer type and sex revealed a strong and significant association between schizophrenia and a decreased risk of prostate cancer in men (HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.24–0.61). Furthermore, there was also a negative association between schizophrenia and colorectal cancer risk in men, but statistical significance was not reached (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37–0.93). Conclusions: This study demonstrates negative associations between schizophrenia and subsequent cancer, and more specifically in men for prostate and colorectal cancer. However, further research is required to explore the underlying reasons for these associations.
Evaluating the Impact of Phase Change Materials and Double-Skin Façades on Energy Performance in Office Buildings Under Climate Change Scenarios: A Case Study in Iran
Authors: Moradinia Sina Fard , Hussein Ahmed Rasul , Chan Melissa , Bagherifam Niloufar , Baghalzadeh Shishehgarkhaneh Milad
Published: November 2024

The potential for energy efficiency in office buildings is critical, especially in regions facing rapid climate change impacts. This study investigates the use of phase change materials (PCMs) and double-skin façades (DSFs) to optimize energy performance in office buildings in Iran, a country with significant energy demands for heating and cooling. Utilizing Building Information Modeling (BIM) and EnergyPlus 24.1.0 software, we evaluated energy consumption trends across climate scenarios from 1981 to 2030. The findings underscore the rising energy demand due to global temperature increases and demonstrate that integrating PCMs and DSFs can mitigate energy consumption. This research highlights the importance of region-specific building strategies to achieve energy-efficient designs and contributes practical insights for developing sustainable energy policies in Iran.