bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic efficacy of systemic immune-inflammation biomarkers in benign prostatic hyperplasia using receiver operating characteristic and artificial neural network
Authors: Ahmed Rasha , Hamdy Omnia , Awad Refaat Mostafa
Published: September 2023

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by mesenchymal cell-predominance and stromal and glandular cell-hyperproliferation. Although, the precise cause of BPH is unknown, it is believed to be associated with hormonal changes in aging men. Despite androgens and ageing are likely to play a role in the development of BPH, the pathophysiology of BPH remains uncertain. This paper aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index in in diagnosing BPH. A single-center-randomized-retrospective study was carried out at Alzahraa university hospital between January 2022 and November 2022 on 80 participants (40 non-BPH subjects and 40 patients with symptomatic enlarged prostate) who visited the outpatient clinic or admitted to the urology department. The BPH cases were evaluated by digital rectal examination (DRE), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), prostate size, prostate specific antigen (PSA), TRUS biopsy in elevated PSA > 4 ng/ml, PLR, NLR and systemic immune inflammatory (SII). The diagnosing efficiency of the selected parameters was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) showing excellent discrimination with 100% accuracy and AUC = 1 in the ROC curves. Moreover, the accuracy rate of the ANN exceeds 99%. Conclusion: PLR, NLR and SII can be significantly employed for diagnosing BPH.
The role of the Cx43/Cx45 gap junction voltage gating on wave propagation and arrhythmogenic activity in cardiac tissue
Authors: Maciunas Kestutis , Snipas Mindaugas , Kraujalis Tadas , Kraujalienė Lina , Panfilov Alexander V.
Published: September 2023

Gap junctions (GJs) formed of connexin (Cx) protein are the main conduits of electrical signals in the heart. Studies indicate that the transitional zone of the atrioventricular (AV) node contains heterotypic Cx43/Cx45 GJ channels which are highly sensitive to transjunctional voltage (Vj). To investigate the putative role of Vj gating of Cx43/Cx45 channels, we performed electrophysiological recordings in cell cultures and developed a novel mathematical/computational model which, for the first time, combines GJ channel Vj gating with a model of membrane excitability to simulate a spread of electrical pulses in 2D. Our simulation and electrophysiological data show that Vj transients during the spread of cardiac excitation can significantly affect the junctional conductance (gj) of Cx43/Cx45 GJs in a direction- and frequency-dependent manner. Subsequent simulation data indicate that such pulse-rate-dependent regulation of gj may have a physiological role in delaying impulse propagation through the AV node. We have also considered the putative role of the Cx43/Cx45 channel gating during pathological impulse propagation. Our simulation data show that Vj gating-induced changes in gj can cause the drift and subsequent termination of spiral waves of excitation. As a result, the development of fibrillation-like processes was significantly reduced in 2D clusters, which contained Vj-sensitive Cx43/Cx45 channels.
Thermal, chemical and physical analysis of VDW.1Seal, Fill Root ST, and ADseal root canal sealers
Authors: Saber Shehabeldin , Galal Manar M. , Ismail Amira Galal , Hamdy Tamer M.
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the thermal, chemical, and physical properties of VDW.1Seal, Fill Root ST, and ADseal sealers. Thermal properties were analyzed using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA). Attenuated total reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis was performed as a complementary test to confirm TGA/DTA analysis. The chemical composition of the set sealer material was identified using an X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) system. Other physical properties of each sealer were investigated; ten specimens were used to measure the solubility (at 24 h and 28 days), and another ten specimens were used to assess pH changes and calcium ion release (after 7 and 14 days). Film thickness was done according to ISO 6876 specs. The data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test. Results showed that for all sealers, TGA analysis revealed a direct relationship between sealer mass loss and temperature rise. In addition, the decomposition of the tested sealers started at 145 °C, 135 °C and 91 °C for VDW.1Seal, ADseal sealer, and Fill Root ST, respectively. XRD analysis revealed a higher degree of crystallinity for VDW.1Seal and ADseal. ADseal showed the least solubility; VDW.1Seal exhibited the highest alkalinity, calcium ion release, and the lowest film thickness.
DNA barcoding of marine teleost fishes (Teleostei) in Cebu, the Philippines, a biodiversity hotspot of the coral triangle
Authors: Huang Wen-Chien , Evacitas Florence Chan , Balisco Rodulf Anthony , Nañola Cleto L. , Chou Tak-Kei , Jhuang Wei-Cheng , Chang Chih-Wei , Shen Kang-Ning , Shao Kwang-Tsao , Liao Te-Yu
Published: September 2023

A morphology-based barcoding library of market teleost fishes (Teleostei) in Cebu is built based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences and voucher specimens which aimed to establish a reliable reference of frequently traded fishes in the province, a biodiversity hotspot at the center of the Philippine archipelago. A total of 1721 specimens were collected from 18 fish markets and landing sites around the province, in which 538 specimens were sequenced belonging to 393 species from 229 genera, 86 families, and 37 orders. Most speciose families are coral reef or reef-related shallow-water species. Twelve species from 11 families are newly recorded in the Philippine waters, among which 7 species are deep-sea inhabitants, while 3 species have expanded their distribution range. Only 20 taxa could not be identified to the species level due to the difficulty in morphological examinations, absence of matched reference sequences in online databases, and/or problematic species awaiting further studies. This first comprehensive DNA barcoding survey of Cebu fishes can facilitate further taxonomic research as well as the conservation and management of fisheries in the Philippines.
Genomic-driven nutritional interventions for radiotherapy-resistant rectal cancer patient
Authors: Southern Joshua , Gonzalez Guadalupe , Borgas Pia , Poynter Liam , Laponogov Ivan , Zhong Yoyo , Mirnezami Reza , Veselkov Dennis , Bronstein Michael , Veselkov Kirill
Published: September 2023

Radiotherapy response of rectal cancer patients is dependent on a myriad of molecular mechanisms including response to stress, cell death, and cell metabolism. Modulation of lipid metabolism emerges as a unique strategy to improve radiotherapy outcomes due to its accessibility by bioactive molecules within foods. Even though a few radioresponse modulators have been identified using experimental techniques, trying to experimentally identify all potential modulators is intractable. Here we introduce a machine learning (ML) approach to interrogate the space of bioactive molecules within food for potential modulators of radiotherapy response and provide phytochemically-enriched recipes that encapsulate the benefits of discovered radiotherapy modulators. Potential radioresponse modulators were identified using a genomic-driven network ML approach, metric learning and domain knowledge. Then, recipes from the Recipe1M database were optimized to provide ingredient substitutions maximizing the number of predicted modulators whilst preserving the recipe’s culinary attributes. This work provides a pipeline for the design of genomic-driven nutritional interventions to improve outcomes of rectal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.
Trapped tidal currents generate freely propagating internal waves at the Arctic continental slope
Authors: Baumann Till M. , Fer Ilker
Published: September 2023

Energetic tidal currents in the Arctic play an important role in local mixing processes, but they are primarily confined to the shelves and continental slopes due to topographic trapping north of their critical latitude. Recent studies employing idealized models have suggested that the emergence of higher harmonic tidal waves along these slopes could serve as a conduit for tidal energy transmission into the Arctic Basin. Here we provide observational support from an analysis of yearlong observations from three densely-instrumented oceanographic moorings spanning 30 km across the continental slope north of Svalbard ($$\sim$$
∼
81.3$$^{\circ }$$

∘

N). Full-depth current records show strong barotropic diurnal tidal currents, dominated by the K$$_1$$

1

constituent. These sub-inertial currents vary sub-seasonally and are strongest at the 700-m isobath due to the topographic trapping. Coinciding with the diurnal tide peak in summer 2019, we observe strong baroclinic semidiurnal currents exceeding 10 cm s$$^{-1}$$

-
1

between 500 m and 1000 m depth about 10 km further offshore at the outer mooring. In this semidiurnal band, we identify super-inertial K$$_2$$

2

waves, and present evidence that their frequency, timing, polarization, propagation direction and depths are consistent with the generation as higher harmonics of the topographically trapped K$$_1$$

1

tide at the continental slope.
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma treatment increases hydrophilicity and promotes cell growth on titanium alloys in vitro
Authors: Jo Woo-Lam , Lim Young-Wook , Kwon Soon-Yong , Bahk Ji-Hoon , Kim Jungsung , Shin Taejin , Kim YongHwa
Published: September 2023

Most medical implants are made of titanium. When titanium is exposed to air for a long time, hydrocarbons are deposited and the surface becomes hydrophobic. Cell attachment is important for bone ingrowth to occur on the implant surface, and hydrophilicity can enhance this. We examined whether non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma treatment could increase the hydrophilicity of the titanium surface. Samples coated with four widely used coating types [grit blasting, micro arc oxidation (MAO), titanium plasma spray (TPS), and direct metal fabrication (DMF)] were treated with plasma. Each of the four surface-treated samples was divided into groups with and without plasma treatment. We analysed wettability by surface analysis and evaluation of contact angles, cell proliferation, and adhesion using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy, absorbance tests, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay; four different Ti6Al4V surface types were compared. After plasma treatment, the contact angle was reduced on all surfaces, and the carbon content was reduced on all surfaces based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface analysis. Under confocal laser scanning, the cell layer was thicker on the plasma-treated samples, especially in groups TPS and DMF. Cell proliferation was 41.8%, 17.7%, 54.9%, and 83.8% greater for the plasma- than non-plasma-treated grit blasting, MAO, TPS, and DMF samples, respectively. Hydrophilicity increased significantly under plasma treatment, and biological responsivity was also improved.
Valproate regulates inositol synthesis by reducing expression of myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase
Authors: Case Kendall C. , Beltman Rachel J. , Pflum Mary Kay H. , Greenberg Miriam L.
Published: September 2023

Inositol depletion is a hypothesized mechanism of action of mood stabilization drugs used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It was previously reported that the mood stabilizer valproate (VPA) increased phosphorylation of myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthases (MIPS), the rate limiting enzyme of inositol synthesis. Phosphosites were identified and examination of site-directed mutants suggested that phosphorylation leads to decreased enzymatic activity. In this study, we examined the extent of MIPS phosphorylation in response to VPA and used two interaction screens to identify protein kinases that interact with MIPS. Using an epitope tagged MIPS construct, we determined the fraction of phosphorylated MIPS to be very low (less than 2% of total), and we could not detect phosphorylation of untagged MIPS in response to VPA. In vitro analyses of phosphorylation revealed that putative protein kinases, PKC and CKII, have low specificity toward MIPS. These findings suggest that VPA likely depletes inositol via a mechanism other than MIPS phosphorylation. Consistent with this, mRNA levels of the MIPS-encoding gene INO1 and MIPS protein levels were significantly reduced during the mid-log growth phase in response to VPA treatment. These findings suggest that the mechanism whereby VPA causes inositol depletion is by reducing expression of the rate-limiting enzyme MIPS.
The interaction between cortisol and testosterone predicts leadership within rock hyrax social groups
Authors: Goll Yael , Bordes Camille , Weissman Yishai A. , Shnitzer Inbar , Beukeboom Rosanne , Ilany Amiyaal , Koren Lee , Geffen Eli
Published: September 2023

Group movement leadership is associated with higher risks for those in the front. Leaders are the first to explore new areas and may be exposed to predation. Individual differences in risk-taking behavior may be related to hormonal differences. In challenging circumstances, such as risk-taking leadership that may pose a cost to the leader, cortisol is secreted both to increase the likelihood of survival by restoring homeostasis, and to mediate cooperative behavior. Testosterone too has a well-established role in risk-taking behavior, and the dual-hormone hypothesis posits that the interaction of testosterone and cortisol can predict social behavior. Based on the dual-hormone hypothesis, we investigated here whether the interaction between testosterone and cortisol can predict risk-taking leadership behavior in wild rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis). We used proximity loggers, observations, and playback trials to characterize hyrax leaders in three different leadership contexts that varied in their risk levels. In support of the dual-hormone hypothesis, we found that cortisol and testosterone interactions predict leadership that involves risk. Across different circumstances that involved low or high levels of risk, testosterone was positively related to leadership, but only in individuals (both males and females) with low levels of cortisol. We also found an interaction between these hormone levels and age at the low-risk scenarios. We suggest that the close social interactions and affiliative behavior among hyrax females within small egalitarian groups may make female leadership less risky, and therefore less stressful, and allow female leaders to influence group activities.
Rice straw-derived smoke water promotes rice root growth under phosphorus deficiency by modulating oxidative stress and photosynthetic gene expression
Authors: Pinit Sompop , Ariyakulkiat Lalichat , Chaiwanon Juthamas
Published: September 2023

Plant-derived smoke has been shown to promote plant growth and seed germination, but its roles and mechanisms in response to nutrient deficiency stress remain unclear. Plants respond to phosphorus (P) deficiency by undergoing morphological, physiological, and transcriptional changes in order to improve nutrient uptake efficiency. Here, we showed that rice straw-derived smoke water could promote root growth in rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) grown under P-sufficient and P-deficient conditions. Transcriptome analysis of the root tissues identified 1309 genes up-regulated and 1311 genes down-regulated by smoke water under P-deficient conditions. The GO terms ‘glutathione transferase activity’ and ‘photosynthesis—light reaction’ were found to be significantly enriched among the genes that were up- and down-regulated by smoke water, respectively. Biochemical analysis showed that smoke water reduced P-deficient-induced accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, reduced sucrose contents, but increased Fe accumulation. Furthermore, smoke water suppressed the expression of strigolactone biosynthesis genes, which were strongly induced by P deficiency as an adaptive strategy to improve root P uptake. These results revealed a potential mechanism by which smoke water promotes root growth and interacts with P deficiency-induced transcriptional regulation to mitigate P deficiency stress in rice.
Near-infrared optical nanothermometry via upconversion of Ho3+-sensitized nanoparticles
Authors: Ryszczyńska Sylwia , Martín Inocencio R. , Grzyb Tomasz
Published: September 2023

Recently, materials revealing the upconversion (UC) phenomenon, which is a conversion of low-energy photons to higher-energy ones, have attracted considerable attention in luminescence thermometry due to the possibility of precise and remote optical thermal sensing. The most widely studied type of luminescent thermometry uses a ratiometric approach based on changes in the UC luminescence intensity, mainly of lanthanide ions’ thermally coupled energy levels. In this work, NaYF4:Ho3+@NaYF4, and NaYF4:Ho3+, Er3+@NaYF4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the controlled reaction in oleic acid and octadecene at 573 K. The obtained nanoparticles had hexagonal structures, oval shapes, and average sizes of 22.5 ± 2.2 nm and 22.2 ± 2.0 nm, respectively. The spectroscopic properties of the products were investigated by measurements of the UC emission under 1151 nm laser excitation in the temperature range between 295 to 378 K. The sample doped with Ho3+ and Er3+ ions showed unique behavior of enhancing emission intensity with the temperature. The relative sensitivity determined for the NPs containing Ho3+ and Er3+ ions, reached the maximum value of 1.80%/K at 378 K. Here, we prove that the NaYF4:Ho3+, Er3+@NaYF4 system presents unique and excellent optical temperature sensing properties based on the luminescence intensity ratios of the near-infrared bands of both Ho3+ and Er3+ ions.
Performance evaluation of the AiDx multi-diagnostic automated microscope for the detection of schistosomiasis in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Makau-Barasa Louise , Assefa Liya , Aderogba Moses , Bell David , Solomon Jacob , Urude Rita Omohode , Nebe Obiageli J. , A-Enegela Juliana , Damen James G. , Popoola Samuel , Diehl Jan-Carel , Vdovine Gleb , Agbana Temitope
Published: September 2023

In this research, we report on the performance of automated optical digital detection and quantification of Schistosoma haematobium provided by AiDx NTDx multi-diagnostic Assist microscope. Our study was community-based, and a convenient sampling method was used in 17 communities in Abuja Nigeria, based on the disease prevalence information extracted from the baseline database on schistosomiasis, NTD Division, of the Federal Ministry of Health. At baseline, samples from 869 participants were evaluated of which 358 (34.1%) tested S. haematobium positive by the reference diagnostic standard. Registered images from the fully automated (autofocusing, scanning, image registration and processing, AI image analysis and automatic parasite count) AiDx assist microscope were analyzed. The Semi automated (autofocusing, scanning, image registration & processing and manual parasite count) and the fully automated AiDx Assist showed comparable sensitivities and specificities of [90.3%, 98%] and [89%, 99%] respectively. Overall, estimated egg counts of the semi-automated & fully automated AiDx Assist correlated significantly with the egg counts of conventional microscopy (r = 0.93, p ≤ 0.001 and r = 0.89, p ≤ 0.001 respectively). The AiDx Assist device performance is consistent with requirement of the World Health Organization diagnostic target product profile for monitoring, evaluation, and surveillance of Schistosomiasis elimination Programs.
Discrete Element Analysis of Shape Effect on the Shear Behaviors of Ballast
Authors: Hou Wenjie , Li Ang , Song Weimin
Published: September 2023

Railway ballast layer is an indispensable component of railway transport. Ballast morphology plays an important effect in ballast-sleeper interaction and the durability of ballast layer. In this study, four types of ballast with different morphological parameters were generated and discrete element method was adopted to investigate the direct shear behaviors. The initial packing states were studied by analyzing the porosities and the normal contact force distributions. The shear results were verified by the reported testing results. On the other hand, one-way ANOVA tests were performed to explore the impact of ballast shape on the initial packing behaviors and the direct shear performance. Results indicated that for all four parameters, aspect ratio (AR), sphericity (Φ), roundness (RD) and convexity (CON), the initial porosities decreased first and increased subsequently along with the increase of the parameters. The four parameters could significantly affect the internal friction inside the assemblies. For each parameter, the larger the parameter, the insignificant the internal friction effect. One-way ANOVA tests revealed that all the four parameters were significant in affecting the initial porosities and the internal friction. Moreover, during the direct shear process, the larger the AR or Φ, the smaller the coordination number, which was mainly ascribed to the ballast shapes.
Differential intracellular management of fatty acids impacts on metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Vanni Ettore , Lindner Karina , Gavin Anne-Claude , Montessuit Christophe
Published: September 2023

Stimulation of glucose uptake in response to ischemic metabolic stress is important for cardiomyocyte function and survival. Chronic exposure of cardiomyocytes to fatty acids (FA) impairs the stimulation of glucose uptake, whereas induction of lipid droplets (LD) is associated with preserved glucose uptake. However, the mechanisms by which LD induction prevents glucose uptake impairment remain elusive. We induced LD with either tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR). Triacylglycerol biosynthesis enzymes were inhibited in cardiomyocytes exposed to FA ± LD inducers, either upstream (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases; GPAT) or downstream (diacylglycerol acyltransferases; DGAT) of the diacylglycerol step. Although both inhibitions reduced LD formation in cardiomyocytes treated with FA and LD inducers, only DGAT inhibition impaired metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. DGAT inhibition in FA plus TPA-treated cardiomyocytes reduced triacylglycerol but not diacylglycerol content, thus increasing the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio. In cardiomyocytes exposed to FA alone, GPAT inhibition reduced diacylglycerol but not triacylglycerol, thus decreasing the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio, prevented PKCδ activation and improved metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. Changes in AMP-activated Protein Kinase activity failed to explain variations in metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. Thus, LD formation regulates metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake in a manner best reflected by the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio.
Ignition temperature and explosion pressure of suspended coal dust cloud under different conditions and suppression characteristics
Authors: Liu Tianqi , Mu Xiangzhen , Wu Xingchen , Jia Ruiheng , Xie Jining , Gao Zhongyi
Published: September 2023

The ignition and explosion processes of suspended coal dust clouds and their suppression characteristics are important aspects of dust prevention and control. To understand the ignition temperature and explosion pressure of coal dust clouds, as well as the inhibitory effect of explosion suppressants, experimental tests are conducted. The study found that during the ignition process of coal dust clouds, the optimal dust spray pressure is 20 kPa, because coal dust clouds are more likely to ignite under this condition. When the mass concentration of coal dust cloud is 500 g m−3, the maximum pressure and maximum pressure rise rate are both the highest. When Al(OH)3 is mixed with coal dust and the mass percentage is 60%, the coal dust cloud can still be ignited. When KH2PO4 is mixed with coal dust, the upper limit of the test temperature is reached when the percentage of mixture is 55%. When NH4H2PO4 is mixed with coal dust and the mass percentage is greater than 40%, the coal dust cloud can’t be ignited anymore. The suppression effect of mixing Al(OH)3 and NH4H2PO4 is not as good as that of mixing KH2PO4 and NH4H2PO4.
Neck and capsid architecture of the robust Agrobacterium phage Milano
Authors: Sonani Ravi R. , Esteves Nathaniel C. , Horton Abigail A. , Kelly Rebecca J. , Sebastian Amanda L. , Wang Fengbin , Kreutzberger Mark A. B. , Leiman Petr G. , Scharf Birgit E. , Egelman Edward H.
Published: September 2023

Large gaps exist in our understanding of how bacteriophages, the most abundant biological entities on Earth, assemble and function. The structure of the “neck” region, where the DNA-filled capsid is connected to the host-recognizing tail remains poorly understood. We describe cryo-EM structures of the neck, the neck-capsid and neck-tail junctions, and capsid of the Agrobacterium phage Milano. The Milano neck 1 protein connects the 12-fold symmetrical neck to a 5-fold vertex of the icosahedral capsid. Comparison of Milano neck 1 homologs leads to four proposed classes, likely evolved from the simplest one in siphophages to more complex ones in myo- and podophages. Milano neck is surrounded by the atypical collar, which covalently crosslinks the tail sheath to neck 1. The Milano capsid is decorated with three types of proteins, a minor capsid protein (mCP) and two linking proteins crosslinking the mCP to the major capsid protein. The extensive network of disulfide bonds within and between neck, collar, capsid and tail provides an exceptional structural stability to Milano.
Emergence of competing electronic states from non-integer nuclear charges
Authors: Furness James W. , Zhang Ruiqi , Kidd Jamin , Sun Jianwei
Published: September 2023

Understanding many-electron phenomena with competing near-degenerate electronic states is of fundamental importance to chemistry and condensed matter physics. One of the most significant challenges for exploring such many-electron phenomena is the necessity for large system sizes in order to realize competing states, far beyond those practical for first-principles methods. Here, we show how allowing non-integer nuclear charges expands the space of computationally tractable electron systems that host competing electronic states. The emergence of competing electronic states from non-integer nuclear charges is exemplified in the simple 2-electron H2 molecule and used to examine the microscopic structure of doped quasi-1D cuprate chains, showing how non-integer nuclear charges can open a window for first-principles calculations of difficult many-electron phenomena.
Interplay between particle trapping and heterogeneity in anomalous diffusion
Authors: Ribeiro Haroldo V. , Tateishi Angel A. , Lenzi Ervin K. , Magin Richard L. , Perc Matjaž
Published: September 2023

Heterogeneous media diffusion is often described using position-dependent diffusion coefficients and estimated indirectly through mean squared displacement in experiments. This approach may overlook other mechanisms and their interaction with position-dependent diffusion, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions. Here, we introduce a hybrid diffusion model that merges a position-dependent diffusion coefficient with the trapping mechanism of the comb model. We derive exact solutions for position distributions and mean squared displacements, validated through simulations of Langevin equations. Our model shows that the trapping mechanism attenuates the impact of media heterogeneity. Superdiffusion occurs when the position-dependent coefficient increases superlinearly, while subdiffusion occurs for sublinear and inverse power-law relations. This nontrivial interplay between heterogeneity and state-independent mechanisms also leads to anomalous yet Brownian, and non-Brownian yet Gaussian regimes. These findings emphasize the need for cautious interpretations of experiments and highlight the limitations of relying solely on mean squared displacements or position distributions for diffusion characterization.
Trends in atmospheric methane concentrations since 1990 were driven and modified by anthropogenic emissions
Authors: Skeie Ragnhild Bieltvedt , Hodnebrog Øivind , Myhre Gunnar
Published: September 2023

The atmospheric methane trend is not fully understood. Here we investigate the role of the main sink, the main natural source, and anthropogenic emissions on the methane growth rate over the last three decades using numerical models and emission inventories. We find that the long-term trend is driven by increased anthropogenic methane emissions, while wetland emissions show large variability and can modify the trend. The anthropogenic influence on hydroxyl radical, through nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide emissions, has modified the trend over the last decades and contributed to the atmospheric methane stabilization from 2000 to 2007. The hydroxyl radical increase prior to this stabilization period might have contributed to the decline in the isotopic ratio after 2007 due to the time dependent isotopic response of hydroxyl radical. Emission reductions due to COVID-19 restrictions via the influence on hydroxyl radical, possibly contributed to approximately two thirds of the increase in methane growth from 2019 to 2020.
Recent advances in aptamer-based biosensors for potassium detection
Authors: Zhang Tengfang , Liu Jiajia , Zhang Linghao , Irfan Muhammad , Su Xin
Published: September 2023

This review focuses on aptasensors for K+ detection, their signal generation strategies, their analytical performance, factors that affect their efficiency with major challenges and future prospects.
Rapid and visual detection of dichloroacetonitrile in water
Authors: Zhong Jiaben , Zhang Hangyan , Cai Yina , Chen Xiuping , Fang Zhiyuan , Deng Dun
Published: September 2023

Fast and visual detection of dichloroacetonitrile in water.
Amphiphilic dendrons as supramolecular holdase chaperones
Authors: Piedmont Elizabeth R. , Christensen Erin E. , Krauss Todd D. , Partridge Benjamin E.
Published: September 2023

Supramolecular capsules assembled from amphiphilic dendrons based on naphthyl and benzyl ethers exhibit chaperone-like activity by reducing the extent of fibrillation of an amyloid beta protein fragment.
Dynamic monitoring of self-assembly by confining conformational changes of butterfly-motion-based molecules
Authors: Chen Xuanying , Chen Jiacheng , Su Wenyuan , Su Jianhua , Zou Qi , Zhang Zhiyun
Published: September 2023

A simple dynamic monitoring strategy for chiral self-assembly is achieved by confining the conformational changes of butterfly-motion-based molecules.
An LLTO-containing heterogeneous composite electrolyte with a stable interface for solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Bi Jiaying , Zhang Ling , Wu Borong , Xiao Meixia , Wang Lei , Li Zhao
Published: September 2023

An LLTO-containing heterogeneous PLTP electrolyte exhibits excellent ionic conductivity and interfacial stability in high-voltage lithium metal batteries.
Elucidation of the electronic structures of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters by electrochemical measurements
Authors: Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Negishi Yuichi
Published: September 2023

Electrochemical measurements can elucidate the electronic structures of metal nanoclusters and give deep insight into the electronic structure between the molecule and the metal.
Ru(N^N)3-docked cationic covalent organic frameworks for enhanced sulfide and amine photooxidation
Authors: Wang Yan-Xia , Wang Ying , Li Jing , Yu Yang , Huang Sheng-Li , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: September 2023

By employing sequential reactions including imine-to-quinoline transformation, pyridyl methylation, and Ru(N^N)3-photosensitizer inhalation, the resulting COF exhibited remarkable photocatalytic capabilities in the oxidation of sulfides or amines.
Cooperation towards nobility: equipping first-row transition metals with an aluminium sword
Authors: Fernández Sergio , Fernando Selwin , Planas Oriol
Published: September 2023

This perspective offers an overview of the state-of-the-art regarding heterobimetallic complexes featuring a bond between aluminium and a first-row transition metal. Their synthesis, reactivity and prospective catalytic applications are discussed.
Metal–iodine batteries: achievements, challenges, and future
Authors: Zhang Leiqian , Guo Hele , Zong Wei , Huang Yunpeng , Huang Jiajia , He Guanjie , Liu Tianxi , Hofkens Johan , Lai Feili
Published: September 2023

This review details past attempts, breakthroughs, and computational/characterization methods in developing metal–iodine batteries along with their key innovations, deficiencies, and possible solutions.
Revealing the long-term behaviour of nZVI and biochar in metal(loid)-contaminated soil: focus on Fe transformations
Authors: Mitzia Aikaterini , Vítková Martina , Ratié Gildas , Chotěborský Rostislav , Vantelon Delphine , Neaman Alexander , Komárek Michael
Published: September 2023

Immobilisation of Zn, Pb, Cd, and As was achieved in smelting-affected soil showing changes over time. The oxidation of Fe0 was not directly proportional with time.
A magnetically controlled microfluidic device for concentration dependent in vitro testing of anticancer drug
Authors: Yadav Vinit Kumar , Ganguly Preetha , Mishra Prashant , Das Samaresh , Mallick Dhiman
Published: September 2023

A magnetic–microfluidic device integrated with multi-wells capable of culturing mammalian cells is developed for concentration-dependent compartmentalization of anticancer-drugs and testing their efficacy.
Fluorite-based proton conducting oxides: structures, materials and applications
Authors: Xiang Pan , Ismail Sara Adeeba , Guo Shihang , Jiang Lulu , Han Donglin
Published: September 2023

This review summarizes the progress on the basic understanding and applications of volume transport of protons in fluorite and pyrochlore oxides, and discusses the present problems and challenges ahead.
Synthesis and characterization of a high-performance bio-based Pebax membrane for gas separation applications
Authors: Murali R. Surya , Jha Amit , Aarti  , Divekar Swapnil , Dasgupta Soumen
Published: September 2023

Synthesis of biobased membranes for gas separation applications. The Pebax® Rnew® 30R51 membrane holds potential for CO2 separation. Increasing the polymer concentration enhanced the gas selectivity to 91 and 26 for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4, respectively.
Growth factor-encapsulated triphasic scaffolds of electrospun polylactic acid–polycaprolactone (PLA–PCL) nanofibrous mats combined with a directionally freeze-dried chitosan hydrogel for periodontal tissue regeneration
Authors: Hua Weihan , Xiang Jie , Wu Yeke , Yang Wei , Zhao Lixing
Published: September 2023

A directional triphasic scaffold which simulates the physiological periodontal tissue can promote the repair of periodontal defects.
Metal–organic framework and graphene composites: advanced materials for electrochemical supercapacitor applications
Authors: Singha Debal Kanti , Mohanty Rupali Ipsita , Bhanja Piyali , Jena Bikash Kumar
Published: September 2023

Bridging the properties of MOFs and graphene and the development of MOF–graphene composite materials has the potential to extend their usage in supercapacitors and serve as a valuable resource for further investigation.
A dynamic hard domain-induced self-healable waterborne poly(urethane/acrylic) hybrid dispersion for 3D printable biomedical scaffolds
Authors: Morang Samiran , Rajput Jay Hind , Mukherjee Anwesha , Poundarik Atharva , Das Bodhisatwa , Karak Niranjan
Published: September 2023

Polyurethane (PU) with its efficient self-healing ability and high mechanical properties is highly anticipated but an arduous challenge to achieve.
Cancer evaluation in dogs using cerumen as a source for volatile biomarker prospection
Authors: Barbosa João Marcos G. , Shokry Engy , Caetano David Lurian , Pereira Naiara Z. , da Silva Adriana R. , de Oliveira Vilma F. , Fioravanti Maria Clorinda S. , da Cunha Paulo H. Jorge , de Oliveira Anselmo E. , Antoniosi Filho Nelson Roberto
Published: September 2023

A volatilomic approach using cerumen (earwax) reveals potential biomarkers for cancer identification in dogs.
DFT investigation of temozolomide drug delivery by pure and boron doped C24 fullerene-like nanocages
Authors: Tamafo Fouegue Aymard Didier , de Paul Zoua Vincent , Kounou Gervais Ndongo , Ndjopme Wandji Brice Laure , Ghogomu Julius Numbonui , Ntieche Rahman Abdoul
Published: September 2023

Unlike C24, BC23 fullerene is a reliable TMZ delivery agent from the theoretical point of view. The BC23–TMZ complex is stable and spontaneously formed. Considerable changes in the electronic properties of BC23 upon adsorption in gas and aqueous phases are observed.
Electronic structure study of dual-doped II–VI semiconductor quantum dots towards single-source white light emission
Authors: Mondal Payel , Sathiyamani Sowmeya , Das Subham , Viswanatha Ranjani
Published: September 2023

We report a robust single-source white light emitting Mn, Cu dual-doped ZnSe quantum dots without employing any nontoxic reagents and tuned the nature of white light by modifying bulk and surface electronic structure.
A magnetic field-driven multi-functional “medical ship” for intestinal tissue collection in vivo
Authors: Liu Junmin , Huang Zhiyuan , Yue Honger , Zhuang Rencheng , Li Longqiu , Chang Xiaocong , Zhou Dekai
Published: September 2023

We present a multi-functional “medical ship” that can be rapidly driven by a magnetic field and can reversibly “open” and “close” its internal storage space under near-infrared laser irradiation.
Synthesis of pyrazoles from sulfonyl hydrazone and benzyl acrylate under transition-metal-free conditions
Authors: Hao Liqiang , Wang Zhichao , Wang Yangyang , Yang Zhaoziyuan , Liu Xian , Xu Xiaobo , Ji Yafei
Published: September 2023

DBU-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction for the synthesis of pyrazoles. It is noteworthy that this reaction constructed two new C–N bonds and a new C–C bond at the same time, providing a new door for the construction and functionalization of pyrazole scaffolds.
Cascade C–C bond cleavage/reformation and cycloaddition for the synthesis of 4-acyl 1,2,3-triazoles from β-alkyl nitroalkenes and organic azides
Authors: Zheng Lei , Yi Tao , Fang Ruilin , Zhou Zhongzhen , Wang Can , Chen Yunfeng
Published: September 2023

A copper(ii)-catalyzed synthesis of 4-acyl-1,2,3-triazoles from β-alkyl-nitroalkenes and organic azides via a cascade C–C bond cleavage/reformation and cycloaddition reaction sequence.
Rh-catalysed divergent synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles from α,β-unsaturated ketones via selective single or double insertion of isocyanides
Authors: Shimbayashi Takuya , Ishige Taiyou , Fujita Ken-ichi
Published: September 2023

A novel divergent synthetic method for polysubstituted pyrroles from isocyanides and α,β-unsaturated ketones in the presence of a rhodium catalyst and bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) is described here.
Cost-effective core@shell structured zero-valent iron nanoparticles @ magnetic (nZVI@Fe3O4) for Cr(vi) removal from aqueous solutions: preparation by disproportionation of Fe(ii)
Authors: He Chuan , Ding Yarong , Li Canhua , Yan Wang , Mao Aiqin , Wei Shuxian , Li Minghui
Published: September 2023

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and its composites are known for their excellent ability to remove Cr(vi), but their preparation can be expensive due to the reduction processes.
Thermally cross-linkable fluorene-based hole transporting materials: synthesis, characterization, and application in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Vaitukaityte Deimante , Magomedov Artiom , Rakstys Kasparas , Kwiatkowski Simon , Kamarauskas Egidijus , Jankauskas Vygintas , Rousseau Jolanta , Getautis Vytautas
Published: September 2023

Organic semiconductors containing two vinyl groups can undergo thermal cross-linking polymerization at 214 °C leading to higher hole mobilities compared to uncross-linked films and significantly improved efficiencies of perovskite solar cells.
Using polyacrylamide hydrogel to adsorb chloride ions in cement-based materials
Authors: Wu Chao , Jin Bo , Li Zhenghui , Xu Yuexin , Ma Yutao , Cao Meng , Li Hui , Huang Changmiao , Chen Wanyu , Wu Hao
Published: September 2023

The PAM gel can effectively adsorb the chloride ion and improve the chloride ion penetration resistance in the cement-based materials because the three-dimensional network structure of PAM gels allowed chloride ions to enter the inside of the gel.
Spherical Ni/NiO nanoparticles decorated on nanoporous carbon (NNC) as an active electrode material for urea and water oxidation reactions
Authors: Chavan Parag P. , Tanwade Pratiksha D. , Sapner Vijay S. , Sathe Bhaskar R.
Published: September 2023

Spherical Ni/NiO nanoparticle decorated nanoporous carbon (NNC) is demonstrated for urea (UOR) and water (OER) electrooxidation. Its ultra-high activity, stability and selectivity is more applicable to futuristic energy and environmental remediation.
Catalyst characteristics of the composite catalyst of Ru–Sn and Pd for hydrogenation of terephthalic acid
Authors: Ruijie Zhang , Haibo Jin , Lei Ma , Suohe Yang
Published: September 2023

In this paper, two-stage catalysts are creatively and physically mixed, and two-step hydrogenation is combined into one step.
Fabrication and characterization of ceramic-polymer composite 3D scaffolds and demonstration of osteoinductive propensity with gingival mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Bahir Manjushree M. , Rajendran Archana , Pattanayak Deepak , Lenka Nibedita
Published: September 2023

The fabrication and characterization of CP/Col-I composite scaffolds and the demonstration of their promising potential in osteoinduction and bone tissue engineering.
Sol–gel synthesis of Eu3+ doped silica-gold nanorod composites with tunable optical properties
Authors: Montes-Bojorquez José Raúl , Hernández-Negrete Ofelia , Esparza-Ponce Hilda E. , Alvarez-Montaño Víctor , Hernández-Paredes Javier
Published: September 2023

The selection of chemicals was crucial for AuNRs stabilization in europium-doped silica host matrices with tunable optical properties.
Improved air-stability and conductivity in the 75Li2S·25P2S5 solid-state electrolyte system: the role of Li7P3S11
Authors: Mi Chen , Hall Simon R.
Published: September 2023

We have investigated irregular material degradation using two different exposure methods. 98(0.75Li2S·0.25P2S5)·2P2O5 tended to form a protective layer, which might allow some particles to be shielded from attack by moisture, slowing down material decay.
Synergistic effect of bimetallic Pd–Pt nanocrystals for highly efficient methanol oxidation electrocatalysts
Authors: Pramadewandaru Respati K. , Lee Young Wook , Hong Jong Wook
Published: September 2023

Nanocubes (Pd–Pt alloy, Pd@Pt core–shell, Pd, and Pt) were employed as electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation reaction to explore the correlation between atomic distribution within electrocatalysts and their catalytic activity.
Fabrication of Fe–Fe1−xO based 3D coplanar microsupercapacitors by electric discharge rusting of pure iron substrates
Authors: Chen Ri , Xu Zehan , Xie Weijun , Deng Peiquan , Xu Yunying , Xu Lanying , Zhang Guoying , Yang Yong , Xie Guangming , Zhitomirsky Igor , Shi Kaiyuan
Published: September 2023

A scalable, binder-free and one-step electric discharge rusting technique is proposed to fabricate high performance Fe–Fe1−xO based coplanar microsupercapacitors.
Dielectric response of confined water films from a classical density functional theory perspective
Authors: Borgis Daniel , Laage Damien , Belloni Luc , Jeanmairet Guillaume
Published: September 2023

Classical density functional theory confirms and explains the low dielectric constants measured for nanoscale slits containing a high dielectric constant liquid.
Picking the lock of coordination cage catalysis
Authors: Piskorz Tomasz K. , Martí-Centelles Vicente , Spicer Rebecca L. , Duarte Fernanda , Lusby Paul J.
Published: September 2023

We provide an overview of coordination cage catalysis, highlighting how mechanistic understanding can help address the challenges in this area leading to new opportunities in non-covalent reactivity.
Selective thiazoline peptide cyclisation compatible with mRNA display and efficient synthesis
Authors: Liu Minglong , Morewood Richard , Yoshisada Ryoji , Pascha Mirte N. , Hopstaken Antonius J. P. , Tarcoveanu Eliza , Poole David A. , de Haan Cornelis A. M. , Nitsche Christoph , Jongkees Seino A. K.
Published: September 2023

A new tool for peptide discovery. Pyridine-nitrile based macrocyclisation in mRNA display format, provides novel conformational constraints and allows construction of controlled bicyclic structures.
The rise of automated curiosity-driven discoveries in chemistry
Authors: Bustillo Latimah , Laino Teodoro , Rodrigues Tiago
Published: September 2023

The quest for generating novel chemistry knowledge is critical in scientific advancement, and machine learning (ML) has emerged as an asset in this pursuit.
Biomimetic design of an α-ketoacylphosphonium-based light-activated oxygenation auxiliary
Authors: Oya Ryoto , Ota Kenji , Fuki Masaaki , Kobori Yasuhiro , Higashi Masahiro , Nagao Kazunori , Ohmiya Hirohisa
Published: September 2023

The biomimetic design of a transition metal complex based on the iron(iv)-oxo porphyrin π-cation radical species in cytochrome P450 enzymes has been studied extensively.
Visible-light-induced [3+2] cycloadditions of donor/donor diazo intermediates with alkenes to achieve (spiro)-pyrazolines and pyrazoles
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Yanchuan , Ni Shao-Fei , Li Jin-Peng , Xia Dingding , Han Xinyu , Lin Jingchuan , Wang Jinxin , Das Shoubhik , Zhang Wei-Dong
Published: September 2023

Visible-light-induced [3+2] cycloadditions of donor/donor diazo precursors with alkenes to afford pyrazoles and (spiro)pyrazolines have been reported. Mechanistic and DFT studies suggested the non-covalent interactions promote the reaction.
Elastohydrodynamic propulsion of a filament magnetically driven at both ends
Authors: Gürbüz Ali , Qin Ke , Abbott Jake J. , Pak On Shun
Published: September 2023

In this work, we move beyond the traditional single-end actuation setup of flexible microswimmers and explore the emergence of new modes of propulsion behaviors when an elastic filament is magnetically driven at both ends.
l-Phenylalanine-derived pseudopeptidic bioinspired materials: Zn(ii) induced fluorescence enhancement and precise tuning of self-assembled nanostructures
Authors: Nigam Kamlesh Kumar , Tamrakar Arpna , Pandey Mrituanjay D.
Published: September 2023

C
2-Symmetric pseudopeptides has been developed for Zn(ii) guided fluorescence enhancement and nono-strutural modifications.
Simultaneous removal of C2H2 and C2H6 for C2H4 purification by robust MOFs featuring a high density of heteroatoms
Authors: Xian Shikai , Peng Junjie , Pandey Haardik , Graham Wells , Yu Liang , Wang Hao , Tan Kui , Thonhauser Timo , Li Jing
Published: September 2023

Simultaneous removal of C2H6 and C2H2 from C2H4 streams by MOFs with high stability and high density of heteroatoms.
Photocatalytic oxidative amine coupling using polyhedral SrTiO3 crystals
Authors: Chen Zong-Li , Huang Michael H.
Published: September 2023

{100}-Truncated SrTiO3 rhombic dodecahedra are much more efficient for photocatalytic oxidative amine coupling reaction than {110}-truncated cubes and cubes. They are also versatile photocatalysts for diverse amine substrates.
Machine learning-guided investigation for a high-performance electrochromic device based on ammonium metatungstate-iron(ii) chloride-heavy water electrochromic liquid
Authors: Kong Sifan , Li Muyun , Xiang Yongqi , Wu Yitong , Fan Zhen , Yang Huan , Cai Qingyue , Zhang Menglong , Zhang Yong , Ning Honglong
Published: September 2023

Electrochromic devices have been widely studied due to their ability to change transmittance under the application of electrical current.