bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ФРАГМЕНТИ З ЖИТТЯ ГАЛАКТИК
Authors: Нарожный А. Н.
Published: June 2020

Separate fragments from the life of galaxies are considered. The motive uniting them is the component of dark matter. Using the hypothesis stated earlier about its origin and properties, the distribution of this component in galaxies and the influence it exerts on some galactic processes are analyzed. A comparison of the distribution of the dark component in elliptical and disk galaxies shows a higher concentration in elliptical galaxies. This conclusion follows from the relatively mature age of the stars in these galaxies and their chaotic motion. For this reason, in elliptical galaxies, the effect of radiation emission of a dark component outside the central zone decreases, which allows its particles to gather near the galactic core. For a quasar to appear in the center of a galaxy, some preparation is required. It represents both the accumulation of baryonic matter in the central body of the galaxy and near it, and the replenishment of the corresponding reserve of electromagnetic energy supplied by the dark component. In elliptical galaxies, the preparation for the quasar phase is faster compared to disk galaxies. In recent galaxies, the higher-frequency radiation of young stars has a greater resistance to the movement of dark component particles from the halo to the core. For the same reason, in disk galaxies, the particle formation rate of the dark component from intrinsic low-frequency radiation will be lower. It is concluded that after a series of cycles of utilization of galactic waste, accompanied by hydrogen regeneration, the life reserve of the galaxy decreases, and it gradually passes into the stage of slow extinction. But even in this state, a quasar appears in the core of the galaxy. Therefore, the situation is quite real when the underlying galaxy of a quasar can be invisible precisely because of faded stars, and not just because of the excessive brightness of the quasar itself. In addition, an almost extinct galaxy can capture a small young galaxy. The resources of a captured galaxy can contribute to the appearance of a quasar, giving the impression of its origin in a young and small galaxy. This explains the appearance of supermassive central objects in the forming galaxies, which cannot be explained in the Big Bang hypothesis. A possible mechanism of radio bursts is shown. They occur in galactic nuclei and are determined by the dark component of matter.
Discussion and Research on Audit Internal Control and PracticeConstruction Based on Risk Management
Authors: Shi Wenquan
Published: June 2020

With the rapid development of the market economy in China, how to strengthen audit risk management and enable enterprises to improve the internal audit control system to cope with complex and severe market risks has become the focus of current social concern. In foreign countries, although audit internal control and risk management-based practice construction are relatively mature, China’s construction of a risk-oriented internal audit control system has just begun, and needs to be further improved. Therefore, strengthening audit internal control and practice construction based on risk management is urgent for Chinese enterprises. This article starts with the connotation of internal audit control and risk management, expounds the relationship between risk management and internal audit control, and discusses the internal control of audit and practice construction based on risk management. In addition, it also analyzes the current situation of China’s construction, and puts forward practical countermeasures to strengthen the internal control of China’s corporate auditing.
Habit Formation, Public Capital Congestion Effect and Economic Growth
Authors: Liu Jianfang
Published: June 2020

This paper constructs an endogenous growth model including habit formation and public capital congestioneffect, and analyzes the influence of fiscal policy and public capital congestion effect on economic growth under theframework of habit formation. It is found that under decentralized economy, there exists a unique equilibrium growthrate, and the growth rate increases with the improvement of private production efficiency, public capital productionefficiency and the reduction of public capital congestion effect. The influence of habit-forming parameters on theequilibrium growth rate depends on the relative risk aversion coefficient. In the social arrangement economy, habitformation and public capital jointly determine the problem of multiple equilibrium, similarly, the increase of publiccapital congestion effect will also reduce the equilibrium economic growth rate.
Authors: Sarina Sarina , Hermawati Hermawati , Chaidir Chaidir
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Business Analysis Of The Opak Agroindustry In Bukit Peninjaun Ii Village, Sukaraja District, Seluma Regency 

One sub-sector that is very important to be developed to support agricultural development is the agricultural product processing industry (agro-industry). The purpose of the study was to determine the amount of production, revenue, income, efficiency, BEP opak agro-industry costs in Bukit Peninjau II Village, Sukaraja District, Seluma Regency. The study was conducted in March to May 2017 in Bukit Peninjaun II Village, Sukaraja District, Seluma Regency. The method used is census method. The data used are primary and secondary data. Analysis of financial data used is the analysis of production costs, revenue and income analysis, R / C ratio analysis and break-even analysis (BEP). Research results show that the average production is 20 kg / production, the total production cost is Rp. 106,445.51 with an average selling price of Rp. 12,000, - / kg. The revenue is Rp. 240.00, - and income of Rp. 133,554.49. R / C ratio greater than 1 which is 2.25, means that the opak cracker agroindustry is profitable and efficient.

 

Keywords: Business analysis, opak cracker
Upaya Peningkatan Proses Belajar Mengajar (PBM) Dengan Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kinerja Guru Mis Meunasah Teungoh Melalui Bimbingan Dan Supervisi Kepala Sekolah Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019
Authors: Azizah Azizah
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to improve the ability of teacher performance in the Teaching and Learning Process (PBM) through the guidance and supervision of School Principals at MIS Meunasah Teungoh Academic Year 2018/2019. The research was conducted at MIS Meunasah Teungoh. The School Action Research Subjects (PTS) are all teachers at MIS Meunasah Teungoh in the 2018/2019 Academic Year. The number of teachers is 10 teachers with 1 male teacher and 6 female teachers. This School Action Research (PTS) was conducted in the 2018/2019 Academic Year. The School Action Research (PTS) was conducted in a period of 3 months from August 2018 to October 2018 in Odd Semester. The methodology of this research is the School Action Research (PTS) consisting of two Cycles. In each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The research procedure consisted of, planning Cycle one, implementing Cycle one action, observing Cycle one, reflecting Cycle one, planning Cycle two, implementing Cycle two actions, observing Cycle two and reflecting Cycle two. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews, observation. Data were analyzed by means of percentage statistics. The results showed that there was an increase in teacher performance in teaching and learning from 72.50% in Cycle I and increased to 87.50% in Cycle II. Teacher performance activities increased from 65.00% in Cycle I and increased to 90.00%. The application of the guidance and supervision techniques of the School Principal can improve the activities and results of teacher performance in the teaching and learning process at MIS Meunasah Teungoh 2018/2019 Academic Year.
Peningkatan kemampuan Guru dalam menerapkan Model pembelajaran melalui kegiatan Supervisi Kelas MIN 13 Aceh Barat Daya Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019
Authors: Warni Warni
Published: June 2020

In implementing the learning process at school a teacher should be able to choose and utilize learning models that are appropriate to the learning material. In general, teachers rarely use the learning model in every learning process, due to the lack of teacher understanding of learning models that can facilitate teachers in implementing the learning process in class. Actually there are many learning models that can be used by every teacher in the learning process. By using appropriate learning models, of course students will be motivated in learning, and this will have a positive impact on learning outcomes. The main problem in research, namely "Whether the application of learning models through classroom supervision activities can improve the quality of learning in students at MIN 13 Southwest Aceh? ". Based on the results of this study it was concluded that the application of learning models through classroom supervision by the school principal proved to be successful in increasing the ability of MIN 13 Aceh Barat Daya teachers to manage the learning process. In addition, with the increasing ability of MIN 13 Aceh Barat Daya teachers to manage the learning process, not only is the student learning process more meaningful but also the learning outcomes have improved.
Penerapan pendekatan PMRI (pendidikan matematika realistik indonesia) untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar matematika pada materi keliling dan luas persegi panjang siswa kelas III MIN 8 Aceh Barat Daya
Authors: Narwati Narwati
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to improve the activities and learning outcomes of mathematics on the mate-rial and rectangular area of class III MIN 8 students in Southwest Aceh. The learning model used in this study is PMRI (Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Learning). The subjects of this study were students in grade III MIN 8 Southwest Aceh. The number of students is 25 students with 15 male students and 10 female students. This research was conducted in the 2017/2018 school year within a period of 3 months, from February 2018 to April 2018 in the even semester. The methodology of this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) consists of two cycles and each cycle consists of two meetings. Each cycle con-sists of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Data collection technique is to collect the val-ue of the test carried out at the end of each learning in each cycle using the question instrument (written test). Observation data is done by looking at the activeness of students in the learning process. Data were analyzed by means of percentage statistics. The results showed that there was an increase in stu-dent learning activities in both cycles, from the category of being good enough and the good category increasing to very good. Completeness of student learning outcomes has increased from 44% in the pre cycle increased to 64% in the first cycle and increased to 80.77% in the second cycle. The use of the PMRI model can improve mathematics learning activities and outcomes on the perimeter and rectangular area of third grade students MIN 8 Aceh Barat Daya 2017/2018 Academic Year.
Peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran melalui kegiatan supervisi kelas MIN 13 Aceh Barat Daya
Authors: Warni Warni
Published: June 2020

making use of learning models that are appropriate with the learning material. In general, teachers rarely use the learning model in each learning process, due to the lack of teacher understanding of learning models that can facilitate teachers in implementing the learning process in class. Actually there are many learning models that can be used by every teacher in the learning process. By using appropriate learning models, of course students will be motivated in learning, and this will have a positive impact on learning outcomes. The main problem in research, namely "Whether the application of learning models through classroom supervision activities can improve the quality of learning in students at MIN 13 Southwest Aceh? ". Based on the results of this study it was concluded that the application of learning models through classroom supervision by the school principal proved to be successful in increasing the ability of MIN 13 Aceh Barat Daya teachers to manage the learning process. In addition, with the increasing ability of MIN 13 Aceh Barat Daya teachers to manage the learning process, not only is the student learning process more meaningful but also the learning outcomes have improved.
Peningkatan aktivitas dan hasil belajar fiqih pada materi wasiat melalui Penerapan Model pembelajaran problem posing siswa Kelas XI IPS-2 MAN 4 Bireuen
Authors: Khairiati Khairiati
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to improve the activity and learning outcomes of Fiqh in the testamentary materials of students of class XI IPS-2 MAN 4 Bireuen. The model used in this study is the Problem Posing learning model. The subjects of this study were students of class XI IPS-2 MAN 4 Bireuen. The number of students is 32 students with 18 male students and 14 female students. This research was con-ducted in the 2017/2018 school year, within a period of 3 months, from February 2018 to April 2018 in the even semester. The methodology of this research is classroom action research consisting of two cy-cles and each cycle consists of two meetings. In each cycle consists of planning, implementation, obser-vation and reflection. The research procedure consisted of pre-research, planning cycle one, implement-ing cycle one, observing cycle one, reflection cycle one, planning cycle two, implementing cycle action two, observing cycle two and reflection cycle two. Data collection technique is to collect the value of the test carried out at the end of each learning in each cycle using the question instrument (written test). Ob-servation data is done by looking at the activeness of students in the learning process. Data were ana-lyzed by means of percentage statistics. The results showed that an increase in completeness of student learning outcomes from 37.50% in the pre-study increased to 62.50% in the first cycle and increased to 87.50% in the second cycle. Student learning activities have increased from enough categories to be good and good categories increased to very good. The application of the Problem Posing learning model can improve the activities and learning outcomes of Fiqh in the testament materials of students of class XI IPS-2 MAN 4 Bireuen 2017/2018 Academic Year.
Penggunaan media gambar dalam meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar IPA pada materi rangka dan pemeliharaannya siswa kelas IV MIN 9 Aceh Barat Daya
Authors: Muzzalifah Muzzalifah
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to improve the activities and learning outcomes of science in the framework material and its maintenance through the use of image media. The learning method used in this study is the image media method. The subjects of this study were students in grade IV MIN 9 Southwest Aceh. The number of students is 14 students with a total of 7 male students and 7 female students. This re-search was conducted in the 2017/2018 Academic Year within a period of 3 months, from September to November 2017 in Odd Semester. The methodology of this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) consists of two cycles and each cycle consists of two meetings. In each cycle consists of plan-ning, implementation, observation and reflection. Data collection technique is to collect the value of the test carried out at the end of each learning in each cycle using the question instrument (written test). Ob-servation data is done by looking at student activities in the learning process. Data were analyzed by means of percentage statistics. The results showed that an increase in student learning activities in both cycles, from the category of being good enough and the good category increasing to very good. Com-pleteness of student learning outcomes has increased from 42.85% in pre-study increased to 64.28% in the first cycle and increased to 85.71% in the second cycle. The application of the use of image media can increase the activities and learning outcomes of science in the framework material and the mainte-nance of fourth grade students MIN 9 Aceh Barat Daya 2017/2018 Academic Year.
Upaya meningkatkan minat dan hasil belajar matematika melalui pembelajaran matematika realistik pada materi KPK (kelipatan persekutuan terkecil) siswa Kelas IV MIN 9 Aceh Barat Daya
Authors: Nurasmawati Nurasmawati
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to improve the activities and learning outcomes of Mathematics in KPK grade IV MIN 9 Aceh Barat Daya. The study was conducted at MIN 9 Aceh Barat Daya. The model used in this study is Realistic Mathematics Learning. The subjects of this study were students in grade IV MIN 9 Southwest Aceh. The number of students is 13 students with 6 male students and 7 female students. This research was conducted in the 2019/2020 Academic Year within a period of 3 months, from September 2019 to November 2019 in Odd Semester. The methodology of this research is class-room action research consisting of two cycles and each cycle consists of two meetings. In each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The research procedure consisted of pre-research, planning cycle one, implementing cycle one, observing cycle one, reflection cycle one, planning cycle two, implementing cycle action two, observing cycle two and reflection cycle two. Data collection technique is to collect the value of the test carried out at the end of each learning in each cycle using the question instrument (written test). Observation data is done by observing the activeness of stu-dents in the learning process. Data were analyzed by means of percentage statistics. Indicators of student learning outcomes that reach the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKM) is 65. The results of the study indi-cate that an increase in learning outcomes in each cycle, namely in the pre-cycle (before action) with an average value of 60.76 and the percentage of completeness classically by 46.15% or 6 students who have achieved mastery learning. In Cycle I with an average value of 70.76 and the percentage of com-pleteness classically 61.53% or 8 students who have achieved mastery learning. While in Cycle II with an average value of 81.53 and the percentage of completeness classically 76.92% or 10 students who have achieved mastery learning. Student learning activities have increased from enough categories to be good and good categories increased to very good. Based on the description that has been stated above it can be concluded that the application of Realistic Mathematics Learning can improve Mathematics learning activities and outcomes in KPK grade IV MIN 9 Southwest Aceh Academic Year 2019/2020.
VARIASI BAHASA SLANG PADA KOMUNITAS NARKOBA DI DESA MOJOPURO WETAN BUNGAH GRESIK
Authors: Afriandi Mohamad Dedy , Susanti Julita , Mawa Novel Doktrine
Published: June 2020

Variasi bahasa merupakan fenomena kebahasaan yang muncul akibat adanya penggunaan bahasa dalam konteks sosial yang berbeda. Banyak variasi bahasa, salah satunya adalah variasi bahasa berkenaan dengan tingkat golongan, status, dan kelas sosial para penuturnya. Variasi bahasa ini, diantaranya akrolek, basilek, vulgar, slang, kolokial, jargon, argot, dan ken. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk variasi bahasa slang pada komunitas narkoba di Desa Mojopuro Wetan Bungah Gresik (2) mendeskripsikan makna variasi bahasa slang pada komunitas narkoba di Desa Mojopuro Wetan Bungah Gresik. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Sebab, dalam penelitian ini data yang diteliti berupa kata-kata yang merupakan bahasa slang. Data dalam penelitian ini kata-kata slang yang digunakan oleh komunitas narkoba. Sedangkan pencatatan sumber data data utama melalui sadap dan pengamatan berperan serta merupakan hasil usaha gabungan dari kegiatan melihat, mendengar, dan bertanya. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode simak dan metode cakap, untuk memeriksa keabsahan data peneliti menggunakan triangulasi waktu Hasil penelitian ini yang diperoleh adalah bahasa slang pada komunitas narkoba yang digunakan oleh anggota komunitas tersebut. Adapun pada bahasa slang tersebut berbentuk akronim, singkatan, dan kosa kata serba baru dan berubah-ubah, serta mengandung makna referensial.
Investigation of the Risk of Accidents at the Heat Supply Facility and Development of a Set of Measures to Improve the Safety of its Operation
Authors: Emelyanova V. A. , Sokolova E. V.
Published: June 2020

In every technological process, there is a risk of an emergency or any other emergency that could result in death, material damage, or environmental damage. For Russia, the problem of breakdown of heat supply enterprises is especially acute, since the climatic conditions in its larger territory are quite severe, while the level of wear of the housing stock and engineering facilities is high. The relevance of the research topic is due to the increasing level of risk of accidents at heat supply enterprises working with hazardous chemicals. The following factors affect the operational safety of facilities in this industry: the reliability of the protection of workers and employees from the effects of emergencies; protection against secondary damaging factors; reliability of the organization’s supply system with everything necessary for functioning; sustainability and continuity of production and civil defense management; preparedness of the facility for emergency rescue and other emergency operations and more. In the process of the study, basic information about the activities of the district thermal station was studied, an analysis of the causes of emergencies at it was conducted, probable scenarios for the development of possible accidents were developed and characterized, and characteristics of the damaging factors and their negative impact zones were presented. Of all the possible scenarios, the most dangerous scenario associated with the boiler rupture, as well as the most probable scenario, was the complete/partial depressurization of the boiler equipment. The risks of accidents that are possible during the operation of the heat station (boiler room) are analyzed, and a set of measures is proposed to prevent and minimize the consequences of possible emergencies at the livelihood of the population with justification for their economic feasibility.
Complex Insurance of Risks of Professional Medical Liability
Authors: Zavrazhsky A. V.
Published: June 2020

The article considers the relevance of the risk of professional responsibility in medical activities. Russian healthcare is still on the periphery of risk management studies, and most studies include only different approaches to classifying the risks of medical organizations. Despite the growing threat of prosecution for medical error, the use of insurance tools to protect the medical community has not yet been widely implemented. Based on the analysis of the existing practice of medical liability insurance in Russia and abroad, we offer individual liability insurance for medical workers. The complex model of risk insurance of medical organizations and medical workers is substantiated.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN KOMUNIKASI EFEKTIF TERHADAP CARING PERAWAT DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT UMUM BALI ROYAL
Authors: Suwitri Anak Agung Ayu Sri , Kio Alfiery Leda , Wirajaya I Gede
Published: June 2020

Caring is a factor that affects the quality of nursing services and patient satisfaction. Caring behavior is not innate, but can be learned and practiced. Communication as a basic capital in caring behavior, it is very important to provide effective communication training or therapeutic communication to all nurses. This study aimed at determine the effect of effective communication training towards nurse caring in the ward at Bali Royal Hospital.

The research method used is quantitative with Pre-Experimental One-Group Pretest- Postest Design. The research sample consisted of 50 nurses in the ward at Bali Royal Bali Hospital with a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistic test.

The results of the study were obtained from 50 respondents, the majority of respondents experienced an increase in caring behavior after the intervention / treatment of effective communication training as many as 49 people and the results of statistical tests showed that there was an effect of effective communication training towards caring nurses in ward at Royal Bali Hospital. Suggestions to nurses to improve the ability of caring behavior to increase patient satisfaction with services. Nurses should actively participate in training and be active in finding information related to caring behavior.
Katran Ardıcı Meyvesi (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) Aromatik Yağı ve Aromatik Suyunun Antibakteriyel and Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ISIK Ali Riza , OZKAYA Serkan , ERBAS Sabri , KOKNAROGLU Hayati
Published: June 2020

Çalışmada katran ardıcı meyvesinden elde edilen yağ ve aromatik suyun antibakteriyel-antioksidan özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve hayvancılıkta kullanım olanaklarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yağ ve aromatik su, Isparta ve çevresinden toplanan katran ardıcı meyvelerinden destilasyon yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Katran ardıcı yağ (AY) ve aromatik suyunda (AS) toplam fenolik bileşenler sırasıyla 5.25 ve 1.82 mg GAE/g olarak elde edilmiştir. En yüksek fenolik bileşen yağda %77.89 ile α-pinen, aromatik suda ise %55.43 ile α-cedrol olarak belirlenmiştir. AY ve AS’nun serbest radikal yakalama aktivitesi 100 μl/ml’de sırası ile %82 ve 45.5 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan toplam antioksidan kapasite (TAK) analizi sonucunda bu değer AY’da 27.61 mmol Trolox equiv./lt, AS’ta ise 5.54 mmol Trolox equiv./lt olarak elde edilmiştir. Yapılan MİK (Minimum inhibasyon konstrasyonu) analizleri sonucunda AS ve AY’nin Staphylococcus aures, E. Coli, Enterobacter ve Salmonella bakterilerinin gelişimlerini değişik konsantrasyonlarda baskıladıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, AY’nin Lactobacillus rhamnosus bakteri gelişimini baskılarken AS’nin etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Buzağılarda (n=5) yapılan ön çalışmada AY ve AS ilave edilen sütlerin tüketiminde bir olumsuzluk gözlemlenmemiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında hem AY’nin hem de AS’nin antibakteriyel-antioksidan aktivitesinin olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak canlı materyal üzerinde yapılacak olan çalışmalar sonuçların daha iyi değerlendirilmesine ve canlı materyal üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesine olanak sağlayacaktır.
An Availability Analysis of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) by the method of the Food Supply Chain Network (FSCN) PT. XYZ
Authors: Nasution Andri
Published: June 2020

XYZ is a manufacturing company that is engaged in oil palm processing into Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Crude Palm Kernel Oil (CPKO). Supply chain structure model adopted in PT. XYZ is the Mass Balance. Mass Balance is a supply chain model that allows a claim to be transferred from one certified palm oil products to other products either through physical blending or administratively under tightly controlled circumstances. non-fulfillment of processing capacity due to lack of supply of fruit coming into the plant from the garden supplier FFB does not reach the target supply to meet the plant's capacity, while at the time of supply of the third party can not meet that capacity. This will increase the cost per palm product so that profits earned by the company to be reduced because production capacity is not the same with a capacity / installed capacity owned by the manufacturer. Analysis of the results using the Food Supply Chain Network (FSCN) that causes a decrease in the availability of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) is influenced by the decreasing productivity of the garden as a supply based, which has been aged more than 20 years. Of the six aspects FSCN method, one aspect observed is the development of the supply chain and improvements to the supply-based to do the replanting of consideration to yield potential.
HIV Infection: What Should We Know?
Authors: Balatif Ridwan
Published: June 2020

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first known in 1981 in homosexual groups who had opportunistic infections and malignancies. In Indonesia the first AIDS case was reported in 1987 to a Dutch citizen living in the province of Bali. Cases of HIV infection in Indonesia are reported to increase every year and most occur at the age of 25-49 years. HIV transmission is not easily transmitted, even when an HIV-infected person takes antiretroviral drugs can reduce the risk of transmission by up to 96%. But one of the biggest challenges in managing HIV infection is facing stigma and discrimination. As many as 1 in 5 people living with HIV are afraid to come to the clinic because they will experience discrimination and stigma from the community if this condition occurs will cause treatment delay until PLWHA (People living with HIV/AIDS) will fall to the AIDS stage and PLWHA will be susceptible to opportunistic infections. A clinic in Namibia, when stigma and discrimination were successfully overcome, there was a 20% reduction in mortality in PLWHA
Perioperative Management In Patients With Long-Term Steroid Use
Authors: Ekadamayanti Agustia Sukri , Zufry Hendra , Sucipto Krishna Wardhana
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Systemic corticosteroid given with oral or parenteral route is widely use in the treatment of various condition and has potent anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-neoplastic effect. Although steroid has potentially clinical benefit effects, long-term use of this regiment also associated with several serious risks and may deteriorate life quality and highly cost management. Long-term steroid use may altered our body response to stress due to HPA Axis suppression. Surgical procedure will increase stress in our body, which can led into higher demand of cortisol. When surgery performed, a signal from the operation site through afferent nervus will activate hypothalamus to release corticotropin releasing hormone, that will stimulate cortisol hyper secretion. Preoperative management guidelines recommend the use of stress dose or supplementation dose for patient with long-term steroid use, which will be discussed further in this review.

 

Keyword. CORTICOSTEROID, HPA AXIS, SURGERY

 

Abstrak. Kortikosteroid sistemik yang diberikan dengan rute oral atau parenteral banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan berbagai kondisi dan memiliki efek antiinflamasi, imunomodulator, dan anti neoplastik yang kuat. Meskipun steroid berpotensi memiliki efek manfaat klinis, penggunaan jangka panjang resimen ini juga dikaitkan dengan beberapa risiko serius dan dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup dan manajemen biaya tinggi. Penggunaan steroid jangka panjang dapat mengubah respons tubuh kita terhadap stres karena penekanan HPA Axis. Prosedur bedah akan meningkatkan stres di tubuh kita, yang dapat menyebabkan permintaan kortisol yang lebih tinggi. Ketika operasi dilakukan, sinyal dari tempat operasi melalui afferent nervus akan mengaktifkan hipotalamus untuk melepaskan hormon pelepas kortikotropin, yang akan merangsang sekresi hiper kortisol. Pedoman manajemen pra operasi merekomendasikan penggunaan dosis stres atau dosis suplemen untuk pasien dengan penggunaan steroid jangka panjang, yang akan dibahas lebih lanjut dalam ulasan ini.

 

Keyword. CORTICOSTEROID, HPA AXIS, SURGERY
Characteristics of Lung Cancer Patients in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in 2016-2018
Authors: Sivabalan Logawathi Satthiyabalan , Causa Trisna Mariedina
Published: June 2020

Lung cancer is a malignant disease in the lung where abnormalities caused by collection of genetic changes in the epithelial cells of the airway, which lead to cell proliferation that cannot be controlled. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of lung cancer patients in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in 2016-2018. This research is a descriptive study with a case series approach. The study population was 311 lung cancer patients using Total Sampling method. The tendency of inpatient lung cancer patients visiting H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in 2016-2018 has decreased. The highest proportion of patients with lung cancer based on sociodemography obtained 65-69 years old age group, men with 3: 1 sex ratio, work of farmers, living outside the city of Medan, the main complaint was more than one complaint, had a history of smoking, no pleural effusion occurred, the type of adenocarcinoma histology and the method of taking a cytological fluid specimen. There was a statistically significant relationship between age with sex, sex with occupation, sex with smoking history, occupation with primary complaints, occupation with smoking history, and histology type by specimen collection and there rest have no statistically significant difference.
The Effect of Fasting Ramadhan on Malondialdehyde Levels Stress Oxidative Paramater in Obese Patient
Authors: Ginting Septi Nina Maria
Published: June 2020

Obesity induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is produce oxidative stress that is involved in various pathological processes such as malondialdehyde (MDA) which is a highly toxic molecule. In Indonesia, Muslims are fasting for 13-14 hours during Ramadhan. Researchers interested in conducting research on the effect of fasting Ramadhan on oxidative stress (MDA levels) in individuals with obesity. This research is a prospective cohort. The study was held on  March –  May 2019 at Outpatient Clinic Endocrinology of RSUP. H. Adam Malik Medan with the approval of the FK  USU Research Ethics Commission and according to the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The Data is analyzed by using the SPPS program where p < 0.05 is considered significant. The results of the study obtained a meaningful decline in the level of MDA before and after the fasting of Ramadhan (p < 0.001). The median rate of MDA before Ramadhan was 4.88 nmol/ml (1.68-101,5 nmol/ml) and after Ramadhan fasting the median rate of MDA became 3.96 nmol/ml (0.97-92,20 nmol/ml). There was decreased of oxidative stress parameter MDA levels after Ramadhan fasting in obese patients.
Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Lipid Profiles and Interleukin-6 in Obese Patients
Authors: Lubis Frihastina
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Obesity can cause a state of chronic low-grade inflammation due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipose tissue which is not followed by the formation of balanced vascularization. Interleukin-6 is one of the mediators of inflammation that results from obesity. Changes in lifestyle during fasting for the entire month of Ramadan are thought to have an effect on the lipid profile and inflammatory mediators. Method. This research is a prospective cohort observational study conducted in March 2019-May 2019 endocrine polyclinic outpatient clinic Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 30 subjects. Anthropometric measurements and examination of lipid profiles and IL-6 levels, one week before Ramadan fasting and the fourth week of Ramadan. Results. This study showed that there were significant differences in total cholesterol and HDL levels in the study subjects before and after Ramadan fasting (p <0.001; p = 0.049). Also found significant differences in median IL-6 study subjects before and after Ramadan fasting (p <0.001). Conclusion. There was a decrease in levels of IL-6, a decrease in total cholesterol and a statistically significant increase in HDL in obese patients undergoing Ramadan fasting.
Utilization of Leaf Litter as Growth Media for Suren (Toona sureni Merr.) Rhizosphere Fungi Isolates
Authors: Gusmiati  , Muh. Restu  , Siti Halimah Larekeng  , Budirman Bachtiar  , Muhammad Bima Akzad
Published: June 2020

Leaf litter or organic matters can decompossed by microorganisms like fungi.This study aims to determine the ability of growth and the rate of decomposition of Suren (Toona sureni Merr.) rhizosphere fungi isolates on various organic media. The testing process was carried out at the Biotechnology and Tree Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The research method consisted of making fungi growing media, rejuvenating isolates and making organic media from teak leaf litter (Tectona grandis), Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), and Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla). The highest growth of mycelium was found in Fusarium sp. The growth of the five best fungi isolates in the formulation of mahogany leaf litter and the highest average decomposition rate in the combination treatment of mahogany leaf litter and Fusarium sp.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТА ПРИНЦИПІВ ПОБУДОВИ МУЛЬТИАГЕНТНОЇ ПОШУКОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ
Authors: ЛЯШЕНКО В.П. , ТЕРЕЩЕНКО В.В.
Published: June 2020

У роботі досліджено принципи функціонування систем інформаційного пошуку та, зокрема, мультиагентної пошукової системи. Відповідно, проаналізовано ряд наукових досліджень у сфері інформаційного пошуку. В ході дослідження встановлено перспективність використання мультиагентності стосовно вдосконалення пошукових методів та, зокрема, при побудові систем інформаційного пошуку. Були визначені переваги побудови розподіленої мультиагентної пошукової системи в порівнянні з централізованими системами пошуку. Також наголошено, що організація мультиагентного пошуку дозволяє об’єднати в собі різні підходи до вирішення завдання інтелектуалізації та персоналізації пошукової видачі.
ВИБІР МЕТОДУ ІНТЕРПОЛЯЦІЇ ГРАНИЧНИХ ТРАЄКТОРІЙ КОРОТКОФОКУСНИХ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ ПУЧКІВ ЗА УМОВИ ЇХНЬОГО ТРАНСПОРТУВАННЯ В ІОНІЗОВАНОМУ ГАЗІ
Authors: МЕЛЬНИК І.В. , ПОЧИНОК А.В.
Published: June 2020

У статті проведений порівняльний аналіз методів інтерполяції залежності радіуса короткофокусного електронного пучка від положення площини зрізу за повздовжньою координатою по трьом базовим точкам. Інтерполяція проводиться на основі отриманих даних чисельного моделювання. Показано, що головна особливість аналітичних функцій, які описують такі залежності, полягає у тому, що вони мають один глобальний мінімум, а за межами області мінімуму характер цих залежностей є близьким до лінійного. Розглядаються два можливих методи інтерполяції таких залежностей. Перший з цих методів полягає у тому, що в області фокуса пучка використовується параболічна інтерполяція, а за межами цієї області функція має лінійний характер. Для описання таких залежностей використовується апарат математичної логіки та арифметико-логічні вирази. Недолік такого описання граничних траєкторій електронних пучків за умови їх проведення в іонізованому газі полягає у тому, що важко знайти таку базову точку, у якій необхідно здійснювати перехід від лінійної залежності до параболічної. Другий метод інтерполяції базується на використанні класу спеціальних функцій, якими є корені степені n з поліномів тієї ж самої степені. З використанням методів комп’ютерного моделювання показано, що поведінка таких функцій цілком відповідає яружним залежностям, які описують траєкторії короткофокусних електронних пучків за умови їхнього транспортування в іонізованому газі. Показано, що у разі використання таких функцій інтерполяції розбіжність між результатами чисельного моделювання, які інтерполюються, та значеннями функції інтерполяції, не перевищує кількох відсотків, а для більшості випадків складає частку відсотка. Тобто, на основі тестових комп’ютерних експериментів обґрунтовано, що використання як функцій інтерполяції коренів степені n з поліномів тієї ж самої степені є ефективним інструментом для описання граничних траєкторій короткофокусних електронних пучків в іонізованому газі. Отримані в статті результати мають важливе практичне значення для визначення фокальних параметрів короткофокусних електронних пучків, які формуються джерелами електронів на основі високовольтного тліючого розряду.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ВИРОБНИЧИХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: УСОВ А.В. , СІКІРАШ Ю.Є.
Published: June 2020

Стаття узагальнює аргументи та контраргументи з питання ідентифікації просторового стану виробничої системи для оцінки ефективності її функціонування та оптимізації цільових функцій при вирішенні завдань управління розвитком. Основною метою проведеного дослідження є розробка підходу до моделювання системи управління розвитком виробничого підприємства. Проблема управління розвитком виробничих підприємств засвідчила, що кожному рівню аналізу стану підприємства і оцінці динаміки його розвитку та проблемної ситуації відповідає агрегований набір оцінок, які враховують як окремі показники, так і їх різні групи. Актуальність вирішення даної наукової проблеми полягає в тому, що процес управління розвитком підприємства стає все більш слабко структурованим і випадковим, у зв’язку з чим виникає необхідність в управлінні даним процесом. Дослідження питання управління розвитком підприємств при цілеспрямованій зміні параметрів, структури і властивостей системи та збуренні зовнішнього і внутрішнього середовища вимагають використання нових моделей управління, при цьому кожна нова модель повинна бути кращою, ніж та, що замінюється. Запропонований підхід до моделювання системи управління розвитком виробничого підприємства та його практична реалізація дають можливість визначати домінуючі параметри розвитку виробничих підприємств і своєчасно відстежувати імпульси і простір станів виробничої системи в якості параметрів для її розвитку. Аналіз стану виробничої системи і оцінка динаміки її розвитку показують необхідність формування системи узагальнених векторно-скалярних, ситуаційно орієнтованих показників. Представлені показники виробничої системи у вигляді вектору стану вхідного та вихідного векторів можуть бути базовими для ідентифікації стану підприємства, а також можуть бути використані для оцінки ефективності його функціонування і для оптимізаційних цільових функцій при розв’язанні задач управління розвитком підприємства.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕТОДУ ТЕОРІЇ ЗБУРЕНЬ ДЛЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДИНАМІЧНИХ РІВНЯНЬ МІЖГАЛУЗЕВОГО БАЛАНСУ
Authors: ДИМОВА Г.О.
Published: June 2020

Економічна система охоплює параметри і характеристики суспільного виробництва, розподілу, обміну та споживання матеріальних благ. В економічній системі вибір і формування як структури, так і способу функціонування є задачами управління, що забезпечують динаміку соціально-економічного розвитку. У структурі системи управління можна виділити: об'єкт управління – це безпосередній пристрій, агрегат, підсистема загальної системи, в якій реалізується мета функціонування всієї системи; управляюча система – представляє собою орган управління (суб'єкт управління), що фіксує параметри об'єкта управління і виробляє керуючі впливи на об'єкт управління; обернений зв'язок – це об'єкт, підсистема, за допомогою якої реалізується вплив управляючої системи на керований об'єкт. Ці елементи разом утворюють замкнену систему управління. Задачі управління економічною системою погано структуровані, і не завжди модель може бути побудована однозначним способом. Це означає, що цілі функціонування багатьох економічних систем не завжди можуть бути чітко сформульовані. Задача управління такою системою полягає в тому, щоб прийняти найкраще рішення для цієї системи. Одним з ефективних методів дослідження економічної динаміки як в теоретичному, так і в прикладному аспекті є динамічні моделі витрати-випуск (моделі міжгалузевого балансу). Математичні залежності між величиною капітальних вкладень і приростом продукції є основою побудови різних варіантів динамічних моделей міжгалузевого балансу. Відмінною рисою динамічних моделей міжгалузевого балансу є виділення виробничих капіталовкладень (інвестицій) зі складу кінцевої продукції і вивчення їх впливу на зростання обсягу виробництва. В роботі складається та аналізується нелінійний варіант динамічної моделі Леонтьєва, розглядається можливість дослідження динамічних рівнянь міжгалузевого балансу при виникненні збурень в елементах матриць прямих матеріальних затрат та внутрішніх інвестицій. За результатами дослідження зроблені висновки про вплив збурень на матриці внутрішніх інвестицій і матеріальних витрат.
Inversión directa extranjera en África: retos de futuro
Authors: Agyemang-Badu Albert A. , Gallardo Olmedo Fernando
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una serie de recomendaciones con respecto a la gestión y promoción institucional de los flujos de inversiones directas extranjeras (IDE) recibidas por África. Hay tres áreas geográficas principales que canalizan la IDE hacia el continente africano: Estados Unidos, China y la Unión Europea. Este trabajo estudia las estrategias adoptadas por estos inversores en África, realiza un análisis de los datos públicos de IDE hacia África, y muestra los enfoques estratégicos empresariales de las multinacionales que canalizan la IDE hacia África. Por otro lado, se examina el impacto de la IDE en las economías en desarrollo y se propone un marco conceptual para explicar los efectos beneficiosos de la IDE en África. Sobre la base de nuestro modelo, se presentan algunas recomendaciones políticas sobre este asunto.
Perspectivas económicas en África en tiempos de la COVID-19
Authors: Obregón Juan Antonio
Published: June 2020

La pandemia de COVID-19 tendrá un impacto sin precedentes en el mundo y ha afectado a las economías africanas incluso antes de la expansión del virus. A pesar de la evolución positiva reciente y el potencial económico del continente, la dependencia financiera del exterior agrava considerablemente la vulnerabilidad a los choques externos. Es pronto para estimar el impacto final de la crisis. Las estimaciones preliminares destacan que África podría entrar en recesión por primera vez en 25 años. Los países ya han adoptado medidas para prevenir la propagación del virus y de mitigación del impacto a corto plazo. Con respecto a las medidas económicas a medio y largo plazo para relanzar las economías y las reformas más adecuadas para aumentar la resiliencia, la discusión está en curso.
Cross-border risk mitigation in Africa
Authors: Wagner Daniel
Published: June 2020

Multilateral institutions have been critical to catalyzing financing and mitigating risk in the developing world. They have been successful in creating new platforms designed to accomplish both objectives, but investors, traders, and lenders continue to perceive high degrees of risk in developing countries. Africa’s multilateral institutions have been at the forefront of this effort and are in the process of creating new approaches to risk mitigation, including by pooling their resources.
Horizonte África. Hacia una nueva estrategia financiera y comercial
Authors: Moreno García-Cano Luis Óscar , Pérez  Nogueria Miryam , Monedero Higuero Mercedes , Menéndez-Abascal Fernández Ana
Published: June 2020

Las abrumadoras previsiones en las cifras de crecimiento de población, los cambios en el desarrollo productivo, las ambiciosas agendas y reformas para el desarrollo nacionales, así como la nueva iniciativa de integración regional abren un horizonte de oportunidad para que el continente africano consolide una senda de desarrollo sostenible y deje atrás la pobreza y la inestabilidad. Este horizonte también abre grandes oportunidades para España y Europa, como vecinos más próximos y socios preferentes. Nuestro posicionamiento en esta gran aventura depende, en buena parte, de nuestra capacidad para movilizar inversiones, impulsar los intercambios comerciales y la presencia empresarial en la región.