bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified STDP Triplet Rule Significantly Increases Neuron Training Stability in the Learning of Spatial Patterns
Authors: Krunglevicius Dalius
Published: August 2016

Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a set of Hebbian learning rules which are based firmly on biological evidence. STDP learning is capable of detecting spatiotemporal patterns highly obscured by noise. This feature appears attractive from the point of view of machine learning. In this paper three different additive STDP models of spike interactions were compared in respect to training performance when the neuron is exposed to a recurrent spatial pattern injected into Poisson noise. The STDP models compared were all-to-all interaction, nearest-neighbor interaction, and the nearest-neighbor triplet interaction. The parameters of the neuron model and STDP training rules were optimized for a range of spatial patterns of different sizes by the means of heuristic algorithm. The size of the pattern, that is, the number of synapses containing the pattern, was gradually decreased from what amounted to a relatively easy task down to a single synapse. Optimization was performed for each size of the pattern. The parameters were allowed to evolve freely. The triplet rule, in most cases, performed better by far than the other two rules, while the evolutionary algorithm immediately switched the polarity of the triplet update. The all-to-all rule achieved moderate results.
Flow Simulation of Suspension Bridge Cable Based on Lattice-Boltzmann Method
Authors: Huang Liang , Deng Yuhan , Wang Bo
Published: August 2016

Suspension bridge is a kind of bridge which uses cables as the main bearing structure. Suspension bridge has the characteristics of saving materials and weak stiffness. With the increase of the span of suspension bridge, wind induced vibration has resulted in injury of several suspension bridges, which leads to a significant loss. Thus, it is imperative to study the wind vibration mechanism of cables. As for this problem, this paper based on motion theory of mesoscopic particles performs flow simulation of cables by LBM which is different from traditional computing method of fluid mechanics. By calculating the distribution function of the distribution on the grid of uniform flow field, the macroscopic motion law of the flow field around cables can be obtained, which can provide reference for wind resistant design of suspension.
Clinical and Laboratory Findings That Differentiate Herpes Simplex Virus Central Nervous System Disease from Enteroviral Meningitis
Authors: Sanaee Layli , Taljaard Monica , Karnauchow Tim , Perry Jeffrey J.
Published: August 2016

Background. It can be difficult for clinicians to distinguish between the relatively benign enteroviral (EnV) meningitis and potentially lethal herpes simplex virus (HSV) central nervous system (CNS) disease. Very limited evidence currently exists to guide them.Objective. This study sought to identify clinical features and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings associated with HSV CNS disease.Methods. Given that PCR testing often is not immediately available, this chart review study sought to identify clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings associated with HSV meningitis over a 6-year period. In cases where PCR was not performed, HSV and EnV were assigned based on clinical criteria.Results. We enrolled 166 consecutive patients: 40 HSV and 126 EnV patients. HSV patients had a mean 40.4 versus 31.3 years for EnV,p=0.005, seizures 21.1% versus 1.6% for EnV,p<0.001, altered mental status 46.2% versus 3.2% for EnV,p<0.001, or neurological deficits 44.7% versus 3.9% for EnV,p<0.001. CSF neutrophils were lower in HSV (median 3.0% versus 9.5%,p=0.0002); median lymphocytes (87.0% versus 67.0%,p=0.0004) and protein (0.9 g/L versus 0.6 g/L,p=0.0005) were elevated.Conclusion. Our study found that HSV patients were older and more likely to have seizure, altered mental status, or neurological deficits than patients with benign EnV meningitis. HSV cases had lower CSF neutrophils, higher lymphocytes, and higher protein levels.
Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches
Authors: Balmus Ioana Miruna , Ciobica Alin , Antioch Iulia , Dobrin Romeo , Timofte Daniel
Published: August 2016

The correlation between the affective disorders and the almost ubiquitous pathological oxidative stress can be described in a multifactorial way, as an important mechanism of central nervous system impairment. Whether the obvious changes which occur in oxidative balance of the affective disorders are a part of the constitutive mechanism or a collateral effect yet remains as an interesting question. However it is now clear that oxidative stress is a component of these disorders, being characterized by different aspects in a disease‐dependent manner. Still, there are a lot of controversies regarding the relevance of the oxidative stress status in most of the affective disorders and despite the fact that most of the studies are showing that the affective disorders development can be correlated to increased oxidative levels, there are various studies stating that oxidative stress is not linked with the mood changing tendencies. Thus, in this minireview we decided to describe the way in which oxidative stress is involved in the affective disorders development, by focusing on the main oxidative stress markers that could be used mechanistically and therapeutically in these deficiencies, the genetic perspectives, some antioxidant approaches, and the relevance of some animal models studies in this context.
TLR2-Dependent Signaling for IL-15 Production Is Essential for the Homeostasis of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes
Authors: Qiu Yuan , Pu Aimin , Zheng Hong , Liu Minqiang , Chen Weigang , Wang Wensheng , Xiao Weidong , Yang Hua
Published: August 2016

TLR2 signaling is related to colitis and involved in regulation of innate immunity in the intestinal tract, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate how TLR2 affects differentiation of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and regulates the susceptibility of colitis. IELs were isolated from the small intestine and colon of mice, respectively. The IEL phenotype, activation, and apoptosis were examined using flow cytometry and RT-PCR. IL-15 expression and IEL location were detected through immunohistochemistry. The experimental colitis was induced by administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We found that the numbers of CD8αα+, CD8αβ+, and TCRγδ+IELs were significantly decreased in TLR2-deficient mice and the residual IELs displayed reduced activation and proliferation and increased apoptosis, accompanied with impaired IL-15 expression by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Further study showed that TLR2 signaling maintained the expression of IL-15 in IEC via NF-κB activation. Moreover, TLR2-deficient mice were found to be more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis as shown by the increased severity of colitis. Our results demonstrate that IECs contribute to the maintenance of IELs at least partly via TLR2-dependent IL-15 production, which provides a clue that may link IECs to innate immune protection of the host via IELs.
Influence of Reaction Solvent on Crystallinity and Magnetic Properties of MnFe2O4Nanoparticles Synthesized by Thermal Decomposition
Authors: Song Lina , Yan Changzhi , Zhang Wei , Wu Haoan , Jia Zhengyang , Ma Ming , Xie Jun , Gu Ning , Zhang Yu
Published: August 2016

This study reports the synthesis of three kinds of manganese-doped magnetic ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe2O4) in benzyl ether, octyl ether, and 1-octadecene by a simple and low cost thermal decomposition method. It was found that benzyl ether results in a dramatic improvement in nanoparticle crystallinity owing to its stronger reducibility compared to octyl ether and 1-octadecene, as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and TEM measurements. Raman spectroscopy detection also indicated that the reducing solvent of benzyl ether was in favor of forming magnetite-like structure ferrite, while maghemite-like structured ferrite was obtained in octyl ether and 1-octadecene. The saturation magnetization (MS) of MnFe2O4synthesized in benzyl ether was 85 emu/g [Fe], which was 3 and 5 times larger than MnFe2O4synthesized in octyl ether and 1-octadecene, respectively. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of MnFe2O4nanoparticles synthesized in benzyl ether was 574 W/g, while MnFe2O4nanoparticles synthesized in octyl ether and 1-octadecene have had much smaller SAR of 76 and 33 W/g, respectively. MnFe2O4nanoparticles synthesized in benzyl ether also exhibit higher relaxivity (r2=207 mM−1 s−1) than those synthesized in octyl ether and 1-octadecene (r2=65and 22 mM−1 s−1). It was obvious that MnFe2O4nanoparticles synthesized in reducing benzyl ether have higher crystallinity and thus higherMS, SAR, andr2values, which can serve as a better candidate for hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging.
Thermodynamics of Acoustic Black Holes in Two Dimensions
Authors: Zhang Baocheng
Published: August 2016

It is well-known that the thermal Hawking-like radiation can be emitted from the acoustic horizon, but the thermodynamic-like understanding for acoustic black holes was rarely made. In this paper, we will show that the kinematic connection can lead to the dynamic connection at the horizon between the fluid and gravitational models in two dimensions, which implies that there exists the thermodynamic-like description for acoustic black holes. Then, we discuss the first law of thermodynamics for the acoustic black hole via an intriguing connection between the gravitational-like dynamics of the acoustic horizon and thermodynamics. We obtain a universal form for the entropy of acoustic black holes, which has an interpretation similar to the entropic gravity. We also discuss the specific heat and find that the derivative of the velocity of background fluid can be regarded as a novel acoustic analogue of the two-dimensional dilaton potential, which interprets why the two-dimensional fluid dynamics can be connected to the gravitational dynamics but it is difficult for four-dimensional case. In particular, when a constraint is added for the fluid, the analogue of a Schwarzschild black hole can be realized.
Utilization of Construction Waste Composite Powder Materials as Cementitious Materials in Small-Scale Prefabricated Concrete
Authors: Xue Cuizhen , Shen Aiqin , Guo Yinchuan , He Tianqin
Published: August 2016

The construction and demolition wastes have increased rapidly due to the prosperity of infrastructure construction. For the sake of effectively reusing construction wastes, this paper studied the potential use of construction waste composite powder material (CWCPM) as cementitious materials in small-scale prefabricated concretes. Three types of such concretes, namely, C20, C25, and C30, were selected to investigate the influences of CWCPM on their working performances, mechanical properties, and antipermeability and antifrost performances. Also the effects of CWCPM on the morphology, hydration products, and pore structure characteristics of the cement-based materials were analyzed. The results are encouraging. Although CWCPM slightly decreases the mechanical properties of the C20 concrete and the 7 d compressive strengths of the C25 and C30 concretes, the 28 d compressive strength and the 90 d flexural strength of the C25 and C30 concretes are improved when CWCPM has a dosage less than 30%; CWCPM improves the antipermeability and antifrost performances of the concretes due to its filling and pozzolanic effects; the best improvement is obtained at CWCPM dosage of 30%; CWCPM optimizes cement hydration products, refines concrete pore structure, and gives rise to reasonable pore size distribution, therefore significantly improving the durability of the concretes.
Iron ore classification by XRD-Rietveld and cluster analysis
Authors: Andrade Fábio Ramos Dias de , Gobbo Luciano de Andrade , Sousa Lyvia Fernanda Amaral
Published: August 2016

This study establishes a routine for quantitative phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD-Rietveld) in iron ore samples. Studied samples came from Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Southeastern Brazil, and are mainly composed by hematite, magnetite, goethite, quartz and kaolinite, being divided in three clusters: cluster 1 (n = 8), characterized by the presence of hydrated phases goethite (25 to 72 wt %), kaolinite (< 25 wt %) and gibbsite (< 10 wt %), plus hematite (7 to 54 wt %) and quartz (2 to 19 wt %); cluster 2 (n = 16), which consists of hematite (22 to 81 wt %) and quartz (2 to 58 wt %) and smaller proportions of goethite (< 22 wt %) and kaolinite (< 13 wt %); and cluster 3 (n = 3), that has a predominance of quartz (62 to 74 wt %) and smaller amounts of hematite (17 to 33 wt %) and kaolinite (< 5 wt %). Classification of ores by XRD-Rietveld  and cluster analysis is a fast, low-cost and reliable option for substituting ore classification with chemical analysis.
Paleocene-Oligocene dinoflagellate cysts from the Siah Anticline, Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran
Authors: Nezhad Ali Akbar Jafar , Ghasemi-Nejad Ebrahim Ghasemi-Nejad
Published: August 2016

A section of the Pabdeh Formation dating back to the Paleocene-Oligocene has been sampled in the Zagros Basin in Southwest Iran for palynological investigations and evaluation of thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generation potential. In total, 125 rock samples were collected and processed palynologically. The samples yielded rich assemblages of dinoflagellate cysts, and 65 cyst species were identified. Some index species allowed us age dating and establishment of seven dinoflagellate cyst zones in accordance with the existing European zonation. The dinoflagellate cyst zones allowed precise age assignment of the formation under study to late Paleocene to early Oligocene. For thermal maturity evaluation, spore and pollen grain color were correlated against the standard color chart prepared by the Shell Oil Company. The properties of the samples, according to palynomorph color changes, suggest that this formation is potentially oil prone and may have produced oil.
Proveniência dos arenitos da Bacia de Campos (Andar Alagoas) por meio da composição da granada
Authors: Costa Cristiane Zatt , Remus Marcus Vinicius Dorneles
Published: August 2016

Neste trabalho, realizou-se um estudo da composição química da granada para a identificação das principais rochas-fonte envolvidas na proveniência dos arenitos da Bacia de Campos, Andar Alagoas. Em análises obtidas por microssonda eletrônica, dos 17 poços do segmento offshore do estudo, verificou-se a contribuição de diferentes rochas-fonte portadoras de granadas, identificadas como dos tipos A, B e C. Entre elas, predominaram as granadas do tipo B. Um refinamento dessa classificação permitiu categorizar tais granadas em granadas do tipo Bi, derivadas de rochas ígneas ácidas e intermediárias, notadamente granitoides. A ausência ou pequena incidência de zonações composicionais e de inclusões, embora não excluam totalmente as outras categorias, apontam para essa classificação. Granadas do tipo D e E não aparecem em nenhuma das amostras analisadas. A interpretação dos resultados de aproximadamente 4.000 análises das 65 amostras indicou duas contribuições principais para a proveniência desses arenitos: no setor sul da bacia, material derivado do terreno Cabo Frio (rochas metamórficas da fácies anfibolito superior a granulitos, granitos, metapelitos aluminosos e secundariamente metabasitos) e, na porção norte da bacia, derivação do terreno oriental do Orógeno Ribeira (terreno de alto grau e granitoides associados). A direção de suplemento sedimentar mais importante é de sudoeste para nordeste, interpretada como resultado da identificação dessa maior contribuição do terreno-fonte. Os arenitos localizados no setor norte, com granadas derivadas do tipo B e Bi, sobretudo, indicam a presença dominante de rochas granitoides na área-fonte. Essas rochas-fonte geram areias de composição mais quartzosas e/ou quartzo-feldspáticas, com maior potencial para produzirem arenitos-reservatórios de melhor qualidade.
The Shift of US Strategy towards East Asia
Authors: Zhao Quansheng
Published: August 2016

This piece centres on the vital role intellectuals and think tanks play in US foreign policymaking. Before examining empirical data and original developments, a middle-level theoretical framework is needed to link our data and grand theories in International Relations and Foreign Policy Analysis. We focus on a ‘strategic core force’ troika in the US foreign policymaking system and the significant role it has played in policy transformation. It consists of three key elements—‘policy architect’, ‘expert counsellor’ and ‘policy implementer’. This paper uses a case study from the Asia-Pacific, focusing on the shift of US strategy towards Japan. The post-Cold War period saw increasing uncertainty concerning Japan’s role in US foreign policy and led to a critical examination and restructuring of East Asian policy. Although we focus on the 1990s, there are profound implications for current US policy towards East Asia. The policy shift in the 1990s laid the foundation for Obama’s 2011 ‘pivot to Asia’ strategy, especially as it relates to US security and military operations. It has become increasingly clear that Japan can provide concrete material support in the form of military and financial assistance and as such its importance for US East Asian policy cannot be overstated.
The Heart of the Mystical Body of Christ: Subjectivity and Solidarity with Poor Women of Color
Authors: Blackwood Jeremy W.
Published: August 2016

M. Shawn Copeland has emphasized the significance of the poor woman of color as the subject of theology, and has advocated for solidarity with them. Bernard Lonergan’s understanding of love includes a significant emphasis on interpersonal relations and their connections to the horizons of subjectivity, as well as on the links between the human subject and the Trinity. This article draws these two arguments together to contribute to a theology of the human subject in relation to the Trinity and in terms of solidaristic praxis with poor women of color.
The Gospel as Politics in Africa
Authors: Katongole Emmanuel
Published: August 2016

The reality of political violence in Africa poses a major theological challenge. There is no more pressing challenge for New Evangelization (NE) in Africa than the search for a different, nonviolent basis for social existence in Africa. The essay argues that for NE to meet this challenge it will have to move beyond the trap of “culture” and engage more explicitly the political vision of the gospel. The story of Archbishop Emmanuel Kataliko’s life and work exemplifies what this concretely looks like. Accordingly Kataliko’s story confirms that, pursued under the aegis of reconciliation, NE cannot but become deeply political in that it seeks nothing short of a new vision of society in Africa grounded in the story of God’s nonviolent and reconciling love.
Developmental Outcomes of Foster Children
Authors: Goemans Anouk , van Geel Mitch , van Beem Merel , Vedder Paul
Published: August 2016

Foster care is often preferred to other placement options for children in the child welfare system. However, it is not clear how the developmental outcomes of foster children relate to children in other living arrangements. In this study, a series of meta-analyses are performed to compare the cognitive, adaptive, and behavioral functioning of children placed in foster care ( n = 2,305) with children at risk who remained with their biological parents ( n = 4,335) and children from the general population ( n = 4,971). A systematic literature search in PsycINFO, Medline, ERIC, and ProQuest identified 31 studies suitable for inclusion ( N = 11,611). Results showed that foster children had generally lower levels of functioning than children from the general population. No clear differences were found between foster children and children at risk who remained at home, but both groups experienced developmental problems. Improving the quality of foster care and future research to identify which children are best served by either foster care or in-home services are recommended.
Ibrutinib inhibits CD20 upregulation on CLL B cells mediated by the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis
Authors: Pavlasova Gabriela , Borsky Marek , Seda Vaclav , Cerna Katerina , Osickova Jitka , Doubek Michael , Mayer Jiri , Calogero Raffaele , Trbusek Martin , Pospisilova Sarka , Davids Matthew S. , Kipps Thomas J. , Brown Jennifer R. , Mraz Marek
Published: August 2016

Key Points

Microenvironmental interactions upregulate CD20 expression in CLL cells through the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis. Ibrutinib treatment causes downregulation of CD20 in CLL cells.
Lessons to be learned from the oldest community psychiatric service in the world: Geel in Belgium
Authors: van Bilsen Henck P. J. G.
Published: August 2016

This article reviews the family foster care model practised in the small Belgian town of Geel. A historical introduction is followed by a description of a family foster care project in its current form. Issues are raised as to whether the current culture of care pathways, managed care, payment by results and an emphasis on ‘cure’ are conducive to recovery as promoted by the recovery model. Finally, the lessons from Geel are summarised and it is argued that there is much that can be learned from this way of working to support the recovery movement.
“Territory Trouble”: Feminist Studies and (the Question Of) Hospitality
Authors: Gardey Delphine
Published: August 2016

This essay is an attempt to revisit feminism through the issue of hospitality. What if hospitality were essential to the idea of feminism? How might this potentiality be put to work and made productive? Dealing with questions of language and territory, of the intimate and the enemy, “hospitality” appears as a way to question universalizing feminist proposals and their capacity to disrupt domestic and national orders. These “promises” are first addressed in a general way before being more precisely considered through the lens of the French “republican” model of politics and science. Stories of inhospitality from within are evoked—from within the academic sphere, (post) colonial French society, and the French Parliament—offering paradoxes to French universalism. This essay addresses the presence and possibility of feminism/s as alternative and transnational territories and questions the economic and epistemic constraints at play in both academic and political spheres, pleading for territories to be recaptured.
Monitoring Corruptible Politicians
Authors: Bobonis Gustavo J. , Cámara Fuertes Luis R. , Schwabe Rainer
Published: August 2016

Does monitoring corrupt activities induce a sustained reduction in corruption? Using longitudinal data on audits of municipal governments in Puerto Rico, we show corruption is considerably lower in municipalities with timely audits—before elections. However, these municipalities do not exhibit decreased levels of corruption in subsequent audits, even while mayors in these benefit from higher reelection rates. Our results suggest that audits enable voters to select responsive but corruptible politicians to office. Audit programs must disseminate results when they are most relevant for voters—shortly before an election—and ensure that these programs are sustained, long-term commitments. (JEL D72, H83, K42, O17)
The Realization Effect: Risk-Taking After Realized Versus Paper Losses
Authors: Imas Alex
Published: August 2016

Understanding how prior outcomes affect risk attitudes is critical for the study of choice under uncertainty. A large literature documents the significant influence of prior losses on risk attitudes. The findings appear contradictory: some studies find greater risk-taking after a loss, whereas others show the opposite—that people take on less risk. I reconcile these seemingly inconsistent findings by distinguishing between realized versus paper losses. Using new and existing data, I replicate prior findings and demonstrate that following a realized loss, individuals avoid risk; if the same loss is not realized, a paper loss, individuals take on greater risk. (JEL D11, D14, D81, G11)
Disorders of gastrointestinal hypomotility
Authors: Bielefeldt Klaus , Tuteja Ashok , Nusrat Salman
Published: August 2016

Ingestion and digestion of food as well as expulsion of residual material from our gastrointestinal tract requires normal propulsive, i.e. motor, function. Hypomotility refers to inherited or acquired changes that come with decreased contractile forces or slower transit. It not only often causes symptoms but also may compromise nutritional status or lead to other complications. While severe forms, such as pseudo-obstruction or ileus, may have a tremendous functional impact, the less severe forms of hypomotility may well be more relevant, as they contribute to common disorders, such as functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, chronic constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Clinical testing can identify changes in contractile activity, defined by lower amplitudes or abnormal patterns, and the related effects on transit. However, such biomarkers show a limited correlation with overall symptom severity as experienced by patients. Similarly, targeting hypomotility with pharmacological interventions often alters gut motor function but does not consistently improve symptoms. Novel diagnostic approaches may change this apparent paradox and enable us to obtain more comprehensive information by integrating data on electrical activity, mechanical forces, patterns, wall stiffness, and motions with information of the flow of luminal contents. New drugs with more selective effects or more specific delivery may improve benefits and limit adverse effects. Lastly, the complex regulation of gastrointestinal motility involves the brain-gut axis as a reciprocal pathway for afferent and efferent signaling. Considering the role of visceral input in emotion and the effects of emotion on visceral activity, understanding and managing hypomotility disorders requires an integrative approach based on the mind-body continuum or biopsychosocial model of diseases.
An Integral Criterion for Assessing the Quality of Mathematical Education of School Graduate
Authors: Купцов  , Kuptsov Mikhail , Маскина  , Maskina Mariya , Теняев  , Tenyaev Viktor
Published: August 2016

The article is dedicated to school education quality issues and working out its assessment of objective measures. Mathematics education quality assessment is taken as an example. Mathematics education integrated criterion level called school graduator rating was worked out with reference to questionnaire given to school teachers, university teachers, experts of Unifi ed State Exam checking and organizers of school Olympiads. It takes into account the Unifi ed State Exam results, university extra entrance examinations and Olympiads achievements. Statistic research, carried out on 100 cadets of the Academy of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, confi rmed objectivity elaborated criterion and it’s correlation to the university studying results which were represented by examination grades in mathematics.
Systematic review of aspirin for thromboprophylaxis in modern elective total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Wilson D. G. G. , Poole W. E. C. , Chauhan S. K. , Rogers B. A.
Published: August 2016

Aims

There is uncertainty regarding the optimal means of thromboprophylaxis following total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA). This systematic review presents the evidence for acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) as a thromboprophylactic agent in THA and TKA and compares it with other chemoprophylactic agents.

Materials and Methods

A search of literature published between 2004 and 2014 was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 13 studies were eligible for inclusion.

Results

Evidence from one good quality randomised controlled trial (RCT) showed no difference in rates of venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) in patients given aspirin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) following TKA. There was insufficient evidence from trials with moderate to severe risk of bias being present to suggest aspirin is more or less effective than LMWH, warfarin or dabigatran for the prevention of VTE in TKA or THA. Compared with aspirin, rates of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in TKA may be reduced with rivaroxaban but insufficient evidence exists to demonstrate an effect on incidence of symptomatic DVT. Compared with aspirin there is evidence of more wound complications following THA and TKA with dabigatran and in TKA with rivaroxaban. Some studies highlighted concerns over bleeding complications and efficacy of aspirin.

Conclusion

The results suggest aspirin may be considered a suitable alternative to other thromboprophylactic agents following THA and TKA. Further investigation is required to fully evaluate the safety and efficacy of aspirin. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1056–61.
The anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament and its relevance to the technique of reconstruction
Authors: Śmigielski R. , Zdanowicz U. , Drwięga M. , Ciszek B. , Williams A.
Published: August 2016

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is commonly performed and has been for many years. Despite this, the technical details related to ACL anatomy, such as tunnel placement, are still a topic for debate. In this paper, we introduce the flat ribbon concept of the anatomy of the ACL, and its relevance to clinical practice.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1020–6.
The comparative, long-term effect of the Salter osteotomy and Pemberton acetabuloplasty on pelvic height, scoliosis and functional outcome
Authors: Wang C-W. , Wang T-M. , Wu K-W. , Huang S-C. , Kuo K. N.
Published: August 2016

Aims

This study compared the long-term results following Salter osteotomy and Pemberton acetabuloplasty in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). We assessed if there was a greater increase in pelvic height following the Salter osteotomy, and if this had a continued effect on pelvic tilt, lumbar curvature or functional outcomes.

Patients and Methods

We reviewed 42 children at more than ten years post-operatively following a unilateral Salter osteotomy or Pemberton acetabuloplasty. We measured the increase in pelvic height and the iliac crest tilt and sacral tilt at the most recent review and at an earlier review point in the first decade of follow-up. We measured the lumbar Cobb angle and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Harris hip scores were collected at the most recent review.

Results

During the first decade of follow-up, there was a greater increase in pelvic height in the children who had a Salter osteotomy (Salter, 10.1%; Pemberton, 4.3%, p < 0.001). The difference in the increase in pelvic height was insignificant at the most recent review (Salter, 4.4%; Pemberton, 3.1%, p = 0.249). There was no significant difference between the two groups for the lumbar Cobb angle, (Salter, 3.1°; Pemberton, 3.3°, p = 0.906). A coronal lumbar curve was seen in 41 children (97%), 30 of these had a compensatory curve. Sacral tilt was the radiographic parameter for pelvic imbalance that correlated most with the lumbar Cobb angle (Pearson correlation co-efficient 0.59). The Harris hip score and SF-36 were good and showed no differences between the two groups.

Conclusion

In the long-term, we found no difference in the functional results or pelvic imbalance between Salter osteotomy and Pemberton acetabuloplasty in the management of children with DDH. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1145–50.
Intra-articular steroid injection for osteoarthritis of the hip prior to total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Pereira L. C. , Kerr J. , Jolles B. M.
Published: August 2016

Aims

Using a systematic review, we investigated whether there is an increased risk of post-operative infection in patients who have received an intra-articular corticosteroid injection to the hip for osteoarthritis prior to total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

Studies dealing with an intra-articular corticosteroid injection to the hip and infection following subsequent THA were identified from databases for the period between 1990 to 2013. Retrieved articles were independently assessed for their methodological quality.

Results

A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Two recommended against a steroid injection prior to THA and seven found no risk with an injection. No prospective controlled trials were identified. Most studies were retrospective. Lack of information about the methodology was a consistent flaw.

Conclusions

The literature in this area is scarce and the evidence is weak. Most studies were retrospective, and confounding factors were poorly defined or not addressed. There is thus currently insufficient evidence to conclude that an intra-articular corticosteroid injection administered prior to THA increases the rate of infection. High quality, multicentre randomised trials are needed to address this issue. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1027–35.
Errata
Authors: Haddad F. S.
Published: August 2016

E. N. Hanley, G. Ode, J. B. Jackson III, R. Seymour. Coccygectomy for patients with chronic coccydynia. Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:526–533.
A prioridade do mar
Authors: Meneses Avelino de Freitas de
Published: August 2016

Em Portugal, o mar foi, é e será uma questão central, inclusivamente de uma acrescida urgência, muito determinada pela extenuação dos recursos de toda a terra, que provoca agora uma nova e desenfreada corrida aos oceanos, onde possuímos pergaminhos para dirimir e defender, como país marítimo, até arquipelágico. Por isso, este texto trata de três aspetos fulcrais: a importância do mar no Portugal do passado; a utilidade do mar no Portugal do presente; a oportunidade do mar no Portugal do futuro. Ademais, e pese embora a extensão da costa continental, recordaremos que o mar português de hoje é sobretudo o mar das ilhas, principalmente o mar das ilhas dos Açores, por ser aquele que mais permite o alargamento da jurisdição e o acréscimo da esperança.
[Recensão a] FLORES, JORGE (2015). Nas margens do Hindustão. O Estado da Índia e a expansão mogol ca. 1570 – 1640
Authors: Santos João Marinho dos
Published: August 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-2_9
RESEARCH ON THE ASEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF LONG-SPAN CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE WITH DAMPING EFFECT
Authors: Wu Fangwen , Qingkai Zhang , Binglong Feng , Jiantao Qiu
Published: August 2016

The main beam of a cable-stayed bridge with a floating system may have a larger longitudinal displacement subject to earthquake effect. Thus, seismic control and isolation are crucial to bridge safety. This paper takes Huai’an Bridge, which has elastic coupling devices and viscous dampers set at the joint of the tower and the beam, as the research background. Its finite element model is established, and the elastic stiffness of elastic coupling devices and damper parameters are analyzed. Viscous damper and elastic coupling devices are simulated using Maxwell model and spring elements, and their damping effects are analyzed and compared through structural dynamic time-history analysis. Results show that viscous damper and elastic coupling device furnished at the joint of tower and beam of a cable-stayed bridge tower beam can effectively reduce the longitudinal displacement of the key part of the construction subject to earthquake effect, perfect the internal force distribution, and improve the aseismic performance. Between the two, viscous damper has better damping effects.
Artefactos y correcciones a los Modelos Digitales de Terreno provenientes del lídar
Authors: Parrot Jean F. , Ramírez Núñez Carolina
Published: August 2016

Los datos LiDAR permiten generar Modelos Digitales de Elevación (MDE) de alta resolución, sin embargo, algunos artefactos resultantes del método de interpolación utilizado afectan su exactitud y precisión. Esta observación concierne, entre otros, a los MDE generados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), especialmente los Modelos Digitales de Terreno (MDT), que se relacionan con la superficie terrestre. Estos artefactos corresponden a facetas triangulares en elevaciones, meandros, y superficies de los ríos. Los tratamientos desarrollados en esta investigación disminuyen y/o eliminan dichos artefactos mejorando los MDT. Cálculos basados en el Error Cuadrático Medio de la Rugosidad y el Error Cuadrático Medio de la elevación muestran que el método presentado en este trabajo mejora la precisión de los productos digitales, lo que permite realizar simulaciones eficaces y mediciones precisas.
La escala geográfica como concepto integrador en la comprensión de problemas socio-ambientales
Authors: Ruíz Rivera Naxhelli , Galicia Sarmiento Leopoldo
Published: August 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir al conocimiento del concepto de escala para la comprensión geográfica e integral de los problemas de socio-ambientales en México. Este objetivo se lleva a cabo mediante la comparación de las dimensiones escalares de las políticas territoriales de adaptación al cambio climático y del cambio de uso de suelo, dos procesos socio-ambientales que representan dos vertientes diferentes de análisis geográfico. El trabajo presenta los principales elementos que se han debatido en los últimos años en la literatura anglosajona sobre el concepto de escala, así como los diferentes elementos y dimensiones que lo componen: la extensión, la resolución, el nivel, la jerarquía, el problema de la unidad de área modificable y las falacias espaciales. Al aplicar dichos principios a la comparación entre dos problemas geográficos de naturaleza epistemológica diferente, se pone de manifiesto la importancia que tiene este concepto para el pensamiento geográfico y la necesidad de generar reflexiones sistemáticas en este sentido para la geografía que se produce en lengua española. Para la política de cambio climático, los resultados sugieren que la falta de integración conceptual y programática entre las políticas de los diferentes niveles, así como la relación concurrente entre ellas, genera un problema para producir resultados efectivos de adaptación. En relación con el cambio de uso del suelo, la visión escalar revela que las directas (próximas) e indirectas (subyacentes) operan en múltiples jerarquías; asimismo, sus consecuencias biofísicas, sociales y económicas se manifiestan en diferentes escalas de espacio y tiempo.
El robo de vehículos y su relación espacial con el contexto sociodemográfico en tres delegaciones centrales de la Ciudad de México (2010)
Authors: Sanchez Salinas Omar Armando , Fuentes Flores Cesar Mario
Published: August 2016

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los patrones espaciales del delito de robo de vehículos en la Ciudad de México. Las grandes áreas metropolitanas de América Latina han atestiguado el incremento de la violencia urbana y la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México (ZMCM) no es la excepción. Uno de los delitos con el mayor número de averiguaciones previas en la ZMCM es el robo de vehículos con un promedio de 40 336 durante el periodo 1995-2007. En 2010 el robo de vehículos alcanzó las 44 446 averiguaciones previas, representando el 38% del total de las averiguaciones previas registradas en la entidad. Sin embargo, este delito no muestra una distribución homogénea en todo el territorio sino que muestra una alta concentración en algunas delegaciones de la Ciudad de México como Benito Juárez, Coyoacán y Cuauhtémoc. En este contexto nos preguntamos ¿Existe relación espacial entre la concentración de los robos de vehículos y las características socioeconómicas del entorno? El soporte teórico del artículo lo proporcionan teorías como la desorganización social y las actividades rutinarias. La información usada del robo de vehículos corresponde a las denuncias hechas por las personas afectadas y que se convirtieron en averiguaciones previas, la fuente de información es la Procuraduría General de Justicia del Distrito Federal (PGJDF, 2010). El resto de las variables socioeconómicas corresponden al XII Censo de Población y Vivienda (2010), ambas a nivel de área geoestadística básica (AGEB). La metodología es mixta, para medir la relación espacial se aplicaron algunas técnicas de análisis regional como el cociente de localización, un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple y análisis exploratorio de datos espaciales en especifico el Índice de Moran. Los resultados identifican cuatro variables tales como el uso del suelo no residencial, la densidad de población, los hogares con jefatura femenina y concentración de población joven como factores que influyen en el robo de vehículos. Lo anterior permite diseñar políticas públicas de seguridad centradas en los lugares en los que se puedan poner en marcha programas orientados a la prevención situacional del delito, así como la prevención social del delito, orientados a la reconstrucción del tejido social y organización comunitaria.

 
Zonificación agroecológica del Coffea arabica en el municipio Atoyac de Álvarez, Guerrero, México
Authors: González González Humberto Antonio , Hernández Santana José Ramón
Published: August 2016

Las zonas agroecológicas del Coffea arabica son aquellas que presentan las condiciones y características del potencial biofísico favorables para su producción con óptimos rendimientos. El análisis de las condiciones geomorfológicas, del régimen hidrotérmico y de la cobertura edáfica en el municipio Atoyac de Álvarez, estado de Guerrero, México, y su representación cartográfica, mediante plataformas SIG, permitió identificar las áreas con potencialidades diferenciadas para el cultivo del Coffea arabica con vistas al establecimiento de su zonificación agroecológica. El enfoque sistémico y el procesamiento automatizado de la información propició la identificación de las áreas con potencial óptimo, medio, bajo y muy bajo. Los potenciales con una aptitud natural óptima se localizan en las zonas de montañas bajas, entre 1 100 a 1 500 msnm, con pendientes entre 1.1° hasta 18°, considerándose pendientes suaves y moderadas; con precipitaciones entre los 1 500 a 2 000 mm, en zonas semicálidas con espectro térmico de 18 °C a 22 °C y sobre suelos Acrisoles y con una clave jerarquizada Ah+Bh+Hh/2, con unidad primaria Acrisol. En el municipio la superficie de potenciales óptimos alcanza las 7 163.47 ha; la de medio, las 28 143.75 ha; la de bajo, las 62 130.65 ha, y la de potencial muy bajo unas 58 411.38 ha. Por su contenido, este enfoque y metodología pueden ser implementados en cualquier marco geográfico, adecuándose a las escalas cartográficas y evaluando las distintas apreciaciones agroecológicas, como aportación a las políticas y decisiones gubernamentales o empresariales para la planeación y el fomento de las áreas cafetaleras.
De la paideia griega y términos de la probabilidad
Authors: Leon Parada Fernando
Published: August 2016

Este artículo contiene tres aspectos del marco teórico de una investigación doctoral en curso acerca de un tema de la didáctica de las matemáticas relacionado con la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de los conceptos básicos de la Teoría de la Probabilidad a nivel universitario. Su propósito es el de fundamentar la tesis de que estos conceptos no fueron definidos formalmente desde alguna teoría específica sino que son producto de un intrincado devenir en la cultura occidental a partir de nociones primordiales que aparecen en los mitos de la Antigua Grecia. El primer aspecto trata la noción de incertidumbre, con la cual los pensadores griegos describían la impredecible voluntad de los dioses y diosas, como las Parcas o Moiras, que personificaron en la diosa Tyche (para los romanos Fortuna), como lo comenta el escritor e historiador alemán Werner Jaeger en su libro de la Paideia Griega. Un segundo aspecto trata el concepto del azar, pero desde dos enfoques distintos: el primer enfoque es el azar visto desde el conocimiento innato; Platón lo denotaba con el término ‘tyche’ ya desmitologizado, como nos lo indica el mismo Jaeger. El segundo enfoque del azar fue desarrollado por Aristóteles desde una perspectiva que podría llamarse “fenomenológica”, con la que intentó articular la incertidumbre con un discurso que parte de la hipótesis llamada ‘causalidad’, término distinto de ‘casualidad’ y del segundo término de la expresión ‘generación espontánea’, atribuyendo la ‘incertidumbre’ a la ignorancia del futuro para respetar el flujo causal. El tercer aspecto de este artículo se refiere a ciertas acepciones y etimologías de vocablos que finalmente se convirtieron en términos técnicos de la moderna Teoría de la Probabilidad, para confirmar la tesis arriba enunciada.
The HEC RAS model of regulated stream for purposes of flood risk reduction
Authors: Fijko Rastislav , Zeleňáková Martina
Published: August 2016

The work highlights the modeling of water flow in open channels using 1D mathematical model HEC-RAS in the area of interest Lopuchov village in eastern Slovakia. We created a digital model from a geodetic survey, which was used to show the area of inundation in ArcGIS software. We point out the modeling methodology with emphasis to collection of the data and their relevance for determination of boundary conditions in 3D model of the study area in GIS platform. The BIM objects can be exported to the defined model of the area. The obtained results were used for simulation of flooding. The results give to us clearly and distinctly defined areas of inundation, which we used in the processing of Cost benefit analysis. We used the developed model for stating the potential damages in flood vulnerable areas.
In situ monitoring of internal surface temperature of the historic building envelope
Authors: Labovská Veronika , Katunský Dušan
Published: August 2016

Historical building envelope is characterized by a large accumulation that impact is mainly by changing the inner surface temperature over time. The minimum value of the inner surface temperature is set Code requirements. In the case of thermal technology assessment of building envelope contemplates a steady state external temperature and internal environment, thereby neglecting the heat accumulation capacity of building envelopes. Monitoring surface temperature in real terms in situ shows the real behavior of the building envelope close to reality. The recorded data can be used to create a numerical model for the simulation.
The Substance Argument of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus
Authors: Morris Michael
Published: August 2016

In Morris (2008) I presented in outline a new interpretation of the famous ‘substance argument’ in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus (Wittgenstein 1922). The account I presented there gave a distinctive view of Wittgenstein’s main concerns in the argument, but did not explain in detail how the argument works: how its steps are to be found in the text, and how it concludes. I remain convinced that the interpretation I proposed correctly identifies the main concerns which lie behind the argument. I return to the argument here in order to elaborate in fuller detail the relation between those concerns and the actual course of the text.