bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Misfit evaluation of dental implant-supported metal frameworks manufactured with different techniques: Photoelastic and strain gauge measurements
Authors: Montanini Roberto , Scafidi Michele , Staiti Giorgio , Marcianò Antonia , D’Acquisto Leonardo , Oteri Giacomo
Published: November 2016

This study aims to compare in-vitro the fitting accuracy of implant-supported metal frameworks used for full-arch orthodontic restoration. The hypotheses tested were as follows: (1) for a fixed implant morphology, strains developed within the framework depend on how the framework had been fabricated and (2) stresses transferred to the implant–bone interface are related to the amount of framework misfit. Metal frameworks were fabricated using four different manufacturing techniques: conventional lost-wax casting, resin cement luting, electrospark erosion, and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing milling. Each framework was instrumented with three strain gauges to measure strains developed because of prosthetic misfit, while quantitative photoelastic analysis was used to assess the effect of misfit at the implant–resin interface. All the tested frameworks presented stress polarization around the fixtures. After screw tightening, significantly greater strains were observed in the lost-wax superstructure, while the lowest strains were observed in the luted framework, demonstrating consistent adaptation and passive fitting. No significant difference in stress distribution and marginal fit was found for bars fabricated by either computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing or spark erosion. This study suggested that, in spite of known limitations of in-vitro testing, direct luting of mesostructures and abutments should be the first clinical option for the treatment of complete edentulism, ensuring consistent passive fitting and effective cost–benefit ratio.
‘The Head Carver’: Art Extraordinary and the small spaces of asylum
Authors: McGeachan Cheryl
Published: November 2016

This paper uses the unique collection of Scottish outsider art, labelled Art Extraordinary, as a window into the often neglected small spaces of asylum care in the early twentieth century. By drawing upon materials from the Art Extraordinary collection and its associated archives, this paper demonstrates the importance of incorporating small and everyday spaces of care – such as gardens, paths, studios and boats – into the broader historical narratives of psychiatric care in Scotland. Examples of experiential memorialization and counterpoints to asylum surveillance culture will be illuminated. The significance of using ‘outsider’ art collections as a valuable source in tracing geographical histories will be highlighted.
Holocene carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates in a boreal oligotrophic fen
Authors: Larsson Anna , Segerström Ulf , Laudon Hjalmar , Nilsson Mats B
Published: November 2016

The contemporary role of mires in carbon exchange with the atmosphere is intensely debated. Thus, understanding the variation in Holocene peat accumulation is particularly important. We investigated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) accumulation rates and their potential controls during the Holocene at the oligotrophic fen Degerö Stormyr (64°11′N, 19°33′E, 270 m a.s.l.), Sweden. The peat stratigraphy was dominated by remains of Eriophorum spp. and oligotrophic–mesotrophic Sphagnum spp. The long-term rate of C accumulation (LORCA) was 13.7 ± 5.5 (SD) g C m−2 yr−1, while the long-term rate of N accumulation (LORNA) was 0.28 ± 0.14 (SD) g N m−2 yr−1. Carbon and N accumulation rates exhibited similar variations that coincided with major changes in botanical composition. The botanical composition of the peat also had a major impact on the percentage of amorphous peat (a proxy for degree of decomposition). Bulk δ13C values increased with decreasing C content, which probably reflected the relative increase of 13C depleted compounds in the peat during decomposition. Different plant groups exhibited different relationships, likely due to different δ13C signatures of initial litters from Eriophorum spp. and Sphagnum spp. The δ15N values increased significantly with decreasing C:N ratio in bulk peat, likely reflecting preferential uptake of 14N by plants concomitant with nitrogen mineralization. Here, we demonstrate the importance of botanical composition in affecting C and N accumulation rates under a changing climate and suggest that primary production drives the variation in rates of accumulation. Furthermore, we point out the importance of including 13C and 15N signatures in the analysis of peat stratigraphies to advance interpretation of Holocene peat growth and decay.
Analysis of interactive speaking roles in a paratextual genre: The case of witchcraft pamphlets’ prefaces (1566–1621)
Authors: Chaemsaithong Krisda
Published: November 2016

Informed by Goffman’s concept of footing, this study seeks to explore the multiple voices and speaking roles that a pamphleteer may assume in the preface of witchcraft pamphlets, along with their pragmatic functions. The study quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the prefatory section of 13 witchcraft pamphlets, spanning from Elizabethan to Jacobean England (1566–1621). The findings reveal the ways in which pamphleteers consistently shift into and depart from three speaking identities (authorial, interlocutory, and character roles), and different patterns of speaking role inhabitance are witnessed during the periods under study, which in turn makes the prefaces come across in different ways. Such distinct patterns strategically serve to promote the reception, and avoid the refutation, of the main text.
Abortion and conscientious objection
Authors: Harmon Shawn H.E.
Published: November 2016

Abortion is considered by some to be a morally questionable intervention, one which entitles the healthcarer to exercise conscientious objection (CO) so as to opt out of acting. The healthcarer’s right to do so was recently considered by the UK Supreme Court (UKSC) in Greater Glasgow Health Board v. Doogan and Wood, a case which set some boundaries on CO but which failed to engage holistically with the foundation of CO and its position relative to the competing right to adequate healthcare, a failure which must be seen as a lost opportunity given the manifold threats to timely access to abortion. This article fills the lacunae. After noting the weaknesses in the Doogan judgement, it justifies the adoption of a more robust approach by the UKSC, and then analyses the moral and rights foundations of abortion and CO, noticing as it does the growing practical problem that is the expansion and misuse of CO in women’s health (i.e. its deployment as a barrier to women seeking lawful abortion services). It concludes that courts everywhere, but particularly in jurisdictions that are widely persuasive, such as the United Kingdom, when faced with the opportunity to pronounce on the right to abortion and the operation of CO, should take full advantage, and in doing so, should adopt a critical and restrictive approach to its availability in the healthcare context.
Participatory Urban Governance in Bangladesh
Authors: Swapan Mohammad Shahidul Hasan
Published: November 2016

The discourses of governance played a crucial role in shaping the institutional space of participation. However, the forms and structure of such discourses have given rise to debates on their appropriateness to reflect socio-political dynamics of South Asian countries and engaging citizens effectively. In recent years, participation in planning projects has been significantly low, indicating a significant gap between theory and practice. An in-depth investigation on embedded factors that affect participatory governance process can address this gap. In this article, I emphasize the theoretical foundations and practice shaping participatory urban development in developing countries. Effort has been made to reconnect planning practice with other cross-disciplinary issues such as policy research, public administration, political science and social science by investigating and analyzing the institutional and socio-political settings in Bangladesh. It further examines their strategic impacts on shaping the gap between expected and achieved levels of citizen engagements in urban planning projects. The study suggests that ineffective planning administration and public apathy derived from bureaucracy and top-down planning approach jointly lead to low level of citizen participation. In addition, parallel governance system based on informal socio-political network between privileged citizens and decision-makers leaves the formal governance system inactive.
Creating Inclusive Cities
Authors: Bhattacharya Shrimoyee , Patro Sonali Anusree , Rathi Sujaya
Published: November 2016

Measuring progress towards the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) will substantially depend on how countries are performing in the implementation of targets under the goals. One of the key challenges lies in designing sustainability indicators. For developing countries like India, the challenge is even more complex, given the continuous tension between quality of life aspirations and commitments towards sustainable development pathways. Thus, as countries aspire for achieving SDG-11, which seeks to create inclusive cities, they also need to ensure a mechanism that enables an evaluation and monitoring system for urban infrastructure and services that are aligned to the pillars and objectives of SDGs. This article presents an analysis of a set of indicators used in India and at the global level for five key urban sectors including housing. The analysis is aimed to provide an understanding on the adequacy of those indicators to the measure sustainability of infrastructure created and services provided. The article introduces a framework for this analysis which is derived from the principles of sustainable development. The research findings show that the indicators are more inclined towards a particular aspect, in each of the sectors. The article contributes to the sustainable development discourse by identifying aspects of sustainability that have been neglected and highlighting aspects that need to be focused, as India develops indicators to measure the sustainability of urban infrastructure.
Impacts of Climate Variability on Urban Floods—A Case of Ahmedabad
Authors: Bose Tushar , Bandyopadhyay Saswat , Rawal Darshana
Published: November 2016

Storm water management is an important urban infrastructure especially to increase resilience towards climate variability. Planning of the storm water infrastructure for urban areas is becoming more challenging with increase in urbanization and increase in sizes of the cities, especially for developing country like India. The authors here have studied the changing regime of temperature and rainfall patterns for Ahmedabad to understand the implications on storm water management. The analysis suggests increase in the rainfall intensity for the data period from 1901 to 2003. Also there has been substantial change in the coefficient of run off due to changing urban land cover estimated as per the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index. These changes put together have changed the nature of urban storm water management. The storm water management for cities like Ahmedabad would require new strategies for facing these challenges. It is important to integrate storm water management at planning level for the overall city as well as at local area levels.
Reading Kolkata’s Space of Prostitution as a Political Society
Authors: Mishra Swasti Vardhan
Published: November 2016

The present article builds upon the idea of political society to read a red-light district in the city of Kolkata. The district is the biggest in Asia and it has given its name to the biggest movement of the sex workers—Sonagachi Project. This article is an attempt to view the subaltern space as a resistant space and a political society by highlighting their habitat, economic and political roles. Being outside the ambit of citizenry, these societies exert their aspiration for acknowledgement of their anomaly. Their present situation has a colonial legacy that disempowers them but from which they have started recovering. Though their role of emancipation was also present in the colonial times, it got more explicit in the current decades. However, the emancipator journey is often not linear and shows signs of sporadic bumpiness. Highlighting on such events and histories, the article relies upon archival references, news and informal observation of the place.
Understanding career pathways in agriculture: Theorising the farmhand career
Authors: Moffatt Jennifer
Published: November 2016

The rapid re-expansion of agriculture following a decade of drought highlighted long-standing unresolved issues in the Australian agriculture workforce. This paper investigates the career paths of existing farmhands, through a theoretical lens to increase our understanding of career pathways on agriculture. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five farmhands and eight farmers on cotton-producing agricultural farms in New South Wales, Australia. These results show there is a discernible farmhand career with attributes of the primary labour market. This career is the embodiment of the boundaryless career, with farmhands choosing agriculture and their current employer. However, the importance of the person–environment fit is an element consistent with traditional career theory. The psychological contract remains important, with elements consistent with pre- and post-globalisation. This modest first attempt at theorising the farmhand career to understand career pathways in agriculture shows promise.
Using the Braess Paradox to Teach Tacit Negotiation
Authors: Merlone Ugo , Romano Angelo
Published: November 2016

Background. Social dilemmas are situations in which following personal interest leads to collective disasters. Pollution, tropical deforestation, and the sustainable use of natural resources, can be characterized as examples of social dilemmas. In the negotiation literature, social dilemmas are known as tacit negotiations as individuals negotiate through moves rather than verbal communication. These negotiations are difficult to manage because of the absence of binding contracts and the interdependent nature of decisions of the parties involved. Therefore, it is important for participants to learn from activities addressing these issues. Although several negotiation exercises are available, it is difficult to find educational games or simulations specifically devised to allow several participants to face social dilemmas.

Purpose. In this article, we present a negotiation game based on a well-known social dilemma, the Braess paradox. The Braess paradox has been observed in many real situations and is particularly suited to highlight the core concepts of social dilemmas.

Approach. We will review the main negotiation activities focusing on the number ofparticipants they are implemented for. Then we will present an activity which allows to accommodate up to thirty participants and allows them to understand some interesting aspects of social dilemmas.

Findings. Through the lessons gained by experiential learning, and the discussions emerging during debriefing, this activity may provide participants with a better understanding of urgent real problems.
Play for Peace as a Violence Prevention Model
Authors: Gass Michael , Gough Sarah , Armas Andres , Dolcino Cristina
Published: November 2016

Violence prevention is a key focus for many intervention programs, yet little is known about how or why certain programs are able to successfully produce effective prevention efforts. The purpose of this study was to identify the essential elements of the Play for Peace (PFP) program, how it creates change in participants, and how it is successfully implemented in communities. Using an intrinsic case study research design, data were collected from participant observation and interviews and systematically sorted and triangulated to identify patterns and generalizations. Based on these findings, a multi-level experiential learning model emerged. This model focused on empowering individuals to be actively contributing and civically responsible citizens, striving with a strong will to achieve and maintain the peaceful coexistence of a nonviolent community (i.e., a culture of voluntad y convivencia). Recommendations on how to expand the positive effects of the PFP program are discussed.
Digital Axillary and Non-Contact Infrared Thermometers for Children
Authors: Franconi Ilaria , La Cerra Carmen , Marucci Anna Rita , Petrucci Cristina , Lancia Loreto
Published: November 2016

Axillary digital thermometers (ADTs) and non-contact (infrared) forehead thermometers (NCIFTs) are commonly used in pediatric settings, where an incorrect body temperature measurement may delay treatments or lead to incorrect diagnoses and therapies. Several studies comparing ADT or NCIFT with other methods have found conflicting results. To investigate whether ADT and NCIFT can be used interchangeably, a comparative observational study was conducted involving 205 children aged 0 to 14 years who were consecutively admitted to the pediatric emergency department. The Bland–Altman plot illustrated agreement between the two methods. A total of 217 pairs of measurements were compared; axillary measurements showed average values significantly higher than forehead measurements (37.52°C and 37.12°C; t = 7.42, p = .000), with a mean difference of 0.41°C between the two methods (range = −1.80 and +2.40). In this setting and population, ADT and NCIFT cannot be used interchangeably.
Uncertainty of Parents With Children Undergoing Herniorrhaphy
Authors: Wang Kai-Wei K. , Chen I-Hung , Chen Marcelo
Published: November 2016

This study reports the association between parental uncertainty and characteristics of 123 parent–child dyads prior to the child’s herniorrhaphy. A cross-sectional study design and Mishel’s Parents’ Perception of Uncertainty Scale (PPUS) were used. Parent participants were married (98%), had a university degree (45%), identified with a religion (77%), and worked (69%). More boys (76%) than girls (23%) underwent herniorrhaphy (average age = 2.26 years); 60% were the first-born child and 25% were premature. More children presented with unilateral (63.4%; right = 44.7%, left = 18.7%) than bilateral (36.6%) hernias and most were primary (98%). Overall uncertainty was perceived as moderate and ambiguity had the highest score. Religion, birth order (first child), and hernia site (bilateral) explained 20.6% of total variance of uncertainty. Providing information about postoperative symptom and pain management is important for all parents, particularly for parents identified with a religion and whose first-born child had bilateral hernias.
Identifying Factors Associated With Mobility Decline Among Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Chase Jo-Ana D. , Lozano Alicia , Hanlon Alexandra , Bowles Kathryn H.
Published: November 2016

Hospitalization can negatively affect mobility among older adults. Early detection of older patients most at risk for mobility decline can lead to early intervention and prevention of mobility loss. This study’s purpose was to identify factors from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health associated with mobility decline among hospitalized elders. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from 959 hospitalized adults age 65 and older. We estimated the effects of health conditions and environmental and personal factors on mobility decline using logistic regression. Almost half of the sample declined in mobility function during hospitalization. Younger age, longer length of hospital stay, having a hearing impairment, and non-emergency admit type were associated with mobility decline, after adjusting for covariates. Findings may be used to develop an evidence-based, risk-determination tool for hospitalized elders. Future research should focus on individual, environmental, and policy-based interventions promoting physical activity in the hospital.
Risk of Bleeding in Patients on Full-Dose Enoxaparin With Venous Thromboembolism and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Authors: Samuel Nephy G. , Seifert Charles F.
Published: November 2016

Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are very commonly prescribed agents that are also potent antiplatelet agents. Objective: This study was designed compare the rate of major bleeding events between patients who were treated with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) on SSRIs and those not on chronic SSRI therapy. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 575 patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of an acute VTE initiated on full-dose enoxaparin with or without an SSRI between October 1, 2009, and October 1, 2014, in a 443-bed, single tertiary care referral county teaching hospital. Results: No significant difference was found in the incidence of major bleeding in the SSRI versus non-SSRI group (19.6% vs 17.0%, P = 0.548). Ad hoc analysis demonstrated an elevated risk of major bleeding in patients on escitalopram compared with those on any of the other SSRIs (46.2% vs 15.2%, P = 0.018). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that escitalopram use—OR (95% CI) = 18.85 (1.84-193.6)—was associated with increased major bleeding, and acid suppressive therapy—0.24 (0.07-0.90); P = 0.014—was associated with decreased major bleeding in patients reporting alcohol use. Conclusion: No difference was found in the incidence of major bleeding in patients on LMWH and SSRIs versus those on LMWH but not on SSRIs. However, ad hoc findings showed a significantly higher rate of major bleeding events in patients who received escitalopram and alcohol among patients on full-dose enoxaparin for VTE. These findings merit further exploration.
Subareolar Sclerosing Ductal Hyperplasia
Authors: Cheng Esther , D’Alfonso Timothy M. , Arafah Maria , Marrero Rolon Rebecca , Ginter Paula S. , Hoda Syed A.
Published: November 2016

Subareolar sclerosing duct hyperplasia (SSDH) remains to be fully characterized nearly 20 years after initial description. Thirty-five SSDH cases diagnosed over a 16-year period (January 2000 to December 2015) were reviewed. All patients were female (mean age = 59 years, range = 18-80) who had presented with a unilateral solitary lesion (left 22, right 13) with a mean size of 1.3 cm (range = 0.4-3.0 cm), and showed florid and papillary epithelial hyperplasia with dense sclerosis without involvement of nipple or areolar epidermis. Significant lesions concurrent within SSDH included low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma (n = 1), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; n = 1), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS; n = 1), and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH; n = 13). No case of SSDH recurred in a mean follow-up of 44 months (range = 6-189). Subsequent significant lesions occurred in 6 patients: DCIS (n = 3; ipsilateral 2, contralateral 1), ipsilateral ADH (n = 2), and ipsilateral atypical lobular hyperplasia (n = 1). Long-term follow-up for patients with SSDH is indicated as DCIS can occur subsequently in either breast.
A Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas Associated With IgG4-Related Pancreatitis: A Case Report
Authors: Hatano Yuichiro , Kawashima Keisuke , Iwashita Takuji , Kimura Masaki , Shimizu Masahito , Hara Akira
Published: November 2016

A solid and cystic pancreatic lesion was incidentally found in a 62-year-old woman on abdominal computed tomography. The lesion was diagnosed as a solid pseudopapillary neoplasm by using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration, and the tumor was resected. Histologically, the tumor cells had relatively small, round nuclei and papillary-like architecture in a hemorrhagic background. On immunohistochemical examination, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for nuclear β-catenin and cytoplasmic CD10. In addition, typical histological findings of IgG4-related pancreatitis (obstructive phlebitis, storiform-type fibrosis, and abundant IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration) were found in the surrounding stroma of the solid pseudopapillary neoplasm. Postoperative workup failed to detect any other sclerotic lesions or serum IgG4 elevation, suggesting that the patient had no evidence of IgG4-related disease. To avoid misdiagnosis of a combined pancreatic neoplasm and fibro-inflammatory lesion, pathologists should consider such situations and make a definitive diagnosis after careful observation of all pancreatic lesions.
Service Provider’s Experiences of Service Separation
Authors: Green Teegan , Hartley Nicole , Gillespie Nicole
Published: November 2016

As more and more technologies are infused into service delivery, service providers must continuously renegotiate the ways in which they understand service delivery across increasingly high-tech, low-touch modalities. This exploratory qualitative study examines what health care service providers experience when offering separated services in the empirical context of telehealth. In-depth phenomenographic interviews sourced across multiple hospital and health care sites revealed that service providers experience (1) depersonalization, (2) clinical voyeurism, (3) intangibility negotiation, and (4) a need to manage change around identities and roles. These emergent understandings highlight the individual and qualitatively distinct differences in the ways in which service providers experience service separation in telehealth. Our findings address current service science priorities to leverage technology for service delivery as a way to advance separated service design. Further they provide an understanding-based approach toward building new theories from the service provider’s perspective on separation in technology-infused services. Our findings suggest strategies and tactics service providers use to overcome the potential challenges arising from not being physically colocated with their customers during service separation.
Waterpipe smoking associated with multiple sclerosis: A population-based incident case–control study
Authors: Abdollahpour Ibrahim , Nedjat Saharnaz , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Otahal Petr , van der Mei Ingrid
Published: November 2016

Background:

While cigarette and passive smoking have been identified as modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS), there is no report regarding Waterpipe smoking–MS association.

Objective:

We examined the association of Waterpipe, tobacco, and passive smoking with MS.

Methods:

Population-based incident case–control study in Iran with 547 incident cases and 1057 general population controls (7 August 2013–17 February 2015). Logistic regression model was used. Multiplicative along with additive interaction was assessed using product term and Synergy Index (SI), respectively, and the population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated.

Results:

Having ever smoked Waterpipe, tobacco, or being exposed to passive smoking were all significantly associated with MS (odds ratio (OR) = 1.77 (1.36–2.31), OR = 1.69 (1.24–2.31), and OR = 1.85 (1.48–2.32), respectively). Clear dose–response associations were observed with the duration exposed ( p < 0.001 for all three) and the amount smoked ( p < 0.001 for Waterpipe and tobacco). Those who had all three types of smoking had an odds that was 4.1 times higher than those without any type. The three types of smoking jointly contributed to 30.9% of the MS incidence.

Conclusion:

We identified Waterpipe smoking as a novel risk factor for MS. Given the global increase in Waterpipe smoking, especially among young adults, this finding reinforces the need for public health interventional and educational programs to combat this global increase.
Economic impact of a religious and tourist event
Authors: Sánchez Víctor Lafuente , Fernández María Devesa , Lara José Ángel Sanz
Published: November 2016

Holy Week is one of the most important traditional celebrations in many parts of the world. It has a deep-rooted cultural and social tradition, yet also embraces a tourist dimension, which ultimately impacts on the economy of the places where it is held. The present work seeks to explore the impact of Holy Week on the city of Palencia (Spain). To do this, an economic impact study based on a description and evaluation of three types of effect, direct, indirect and induced, is carried out. Results show that this event generated a total of €2.258 million, of which 82% remained in the economy of the city itself, with the hotel and restaurant sectors benefitting the most. This traditional celebration thus contributes to creating revenue and employment, to maintaining traditional industries, to preserving cultural heritage and to enhancing the area’s image and projection.
Relationship between the broad autism phenotype, social relationships and mental health for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Pruitt Megan M , Rhoden Madeline , Ekas Naomi V
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to examine the mechanisms responsible for the association between the broad autism phenotype and depressive symptoms in mothers of a child with autism spectrum disorder. A total of 98 mothers who had a child with autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 2 and 16 years completed assessments of maternal broad autism phenotype, child behavior problems, romantic relationship satisfaction, friend support, family support, and maternal depressive symptoms. Results indicated that only romantic relationship satisfaction was a significant mediator of the relationship between maternal broad autism phenotype social abnormalities and maternal depressive symptoms, where greater broad autism phenotype social abnormalities were associated with lower relationship satisfaction, which in turn was associated with increased depressive symptoms. Child behavior problems were directly related to increased depressive symptoms. Implications regarding maternal mental health outcomes within this population as well as intervention implications are discussed.
A qualitative investigation of lay perspectives of diagnosis and self-management strategies employed by people with progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Frost Julia , Grose Jane , Britten Nicky
Published: November 2016

This article explores how people with progressive multiple sclerosis give meaning to their experiences. It builds upon the self-management literature, which has captured the tension between the desire for retaining normalcy and the increasing burden of self-management associated with chronic disease progression. This repeat interview study is empirically grounded in 28 interviews with 14 people with progressive multiple sclerosis. We identified gender differences in diagnosis-seeking which impacted subsequent sense-making. Male respondents found a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis difficult to come to terms with, and an enduring sense of loss or anger could inhibit further sense-making. A diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was more difficult to obtain for women respondents, and any sense of certainty that diagnosis provided framed their subsequent sense-making strategies. The complex sequelae of multiple sclerosis require that self-management strategies are both contextual and timely, although even the most accomplished self-managers can lose their sense of self with neurodegeneration. Disease progression can be associated with suicidal ideation, suggesting the need for greater dialogue to ensure that people with multiple sclerosis are adequately supported to fulfil their quality of life at all stages of neurodegeneration. These lay perspectives emphasise the articulation of affect rather than the rendering of a medical diagnosis, although diagnosis may provide a degree of certainty in the short term. The ethos of self-management ensures people attempt to retain their sense of ‘normality’ and existent social roles for as long as possible, but this ethos can negate both one’s ability to self-manage and the management of self.
When does the communication of group-based anger increase outgroup empathy in intergroup conflict? The role of perceived procedural unfairness and outgroup consensus
Authors: de Vos Bart , van Zomeren Martijn , Gordijn Ernestine H. , Postmes Tom
Published: November 2016

Increasing outgroup empathy is an important first step toward reducing intergroup conflict. The communication of group-based anger has been found to increase outgroup empathy due to its presumed relational function (as it signals to the outgroup that they unfairly treat the ingroup, but also that the ingroup wants to maintain a positive intergroup relationship). Yet, little is known about when communicating group-based anger increases outgroup empathy. We therefore examine two antecedent conditions, namely perceived procedural unfairness (which makes the communication of anger more appropriate) and outgroup consensus (which makes the communication of anger more group-based). Three experiments suggest that the communication of group-based anger increases outgroup empathy only when the outgroup was treated unfairly (Experiment 1) and when there was high outgroup consensus (Experiment 2). Results from Experiment 3 revealed that either antecedent seems sufficient to facilitate the positive, empathy-inducing effects of the communication of group-based anger. We discuss the implications of these findings for the theory and practice of communicating anger in intergroup conflicts to increase outgroup empathy.
Recalibrating valence-weighting tendencies as a means of reducing anticipated discomfort with an interracial interaction
Authors: Pietri Evava S. , Dovidio John F. , Fazio Russell H.
Published: November 2016

We utilized a general intervention that affects (through “recalibration”) the way people generalize negative associations when evaluating objects to promote less negative expectations about an interaction with a Black Internet “chat” partner. During this intervention, participants played a game to learn which “beans” varying in shape and speckles increased or decreased their points. Participants later classified game beans and new beans as good or bad. Recalibration condition participants were told whether they classified beans correctly, thus receiving feedback regarding the appropriate weighting of resemblance to a known positive versus negative object. Control participants, who received no feedback, were more likely to classify new beans as negative than recalibration participants. Compared to control, the recalibration condition also anticipated feeling less intergroup anxiety during a chat with a Black partner (Experiments 1 and 2) and this effect was strongest among participants who reported fewer close interactions with Black people (Experiment 2).
Detailed characterization of particulate matter emitted by lean-burn gasoline direct injection engine
Authors: Zelenyuk Alla , Wilson Jacqueline , Imre Dan , Stewart Mark , Muntean George , Storey John , Prikhodko Vitaly , Lewis Samuel , Eibl Mary , Parks Jim
Published: November 2016

This study presents detailed characterization of the chemical and physical properties of particulate matter emitted by a 2.0-L BMW lean-burn turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine operated under a number of combustion strategies that include lean homogeneous, lean stratified, stoichiometric, and fuel-rich conditions. We characterized particulate matter number concentrations, size distributions, and the size, mass, compositions, and effective density of fractal and compact individual exhaust particles. For the fractal particles, these measurements yielded fractal dimension, average diameter of primary spherules, and number of spherules, void fraction, and dynamic shape factors as function of particle size. Overall, the particulate matter properties were shown to vary significantly with engine operation condition. Lean stratified operation yielded the most diesel-like size distribution and the largest particulate matter number and mass concentrations, with nearly all particles being fractal agglomerates composed of elemental carbon with small amounts of ash and organics. In contrast, stoichiometric operation yielded a larger fraction of ash particles, especially at low speed and low load. Three distinct forms of ash particles were observed, with their fractions strongly dependent on engine operating conditions: sub-50 nm ash particles, abundant at low speed and low load, ash-containing fractal particles, and large compact ash particles that significantly contribute to particulate matter mass loadings.
Condom Use Efficacy and Sexual Communication Skills Among African American College Women
Authors: Javier Sarah J. , Abrams Jasmine A. , Moore Melanie P. , Belgrave Faye Z.
Published: November 2016

Despite condom use being the most protective measure against the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), little is known about the intermediary relationships between condom negotiation, assertive sexual communication, and condom use efficacy. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationships between these constructs within the context of an HIV prevention intervention. We examined two samples of African American college women participating in two HIV prevention interventions, one of which was based on social learning theory ( N = 214). Data collected at intervention posttest and 3-month follow-up were analyzed. Findings revealed that condom use efficacy at posttest fully mediated the relationship between intervention effect and assertive sexual communication at 3-month follow-up. In addition, condom use efficacy at posttest fully mediated the relationship between intervention effect and condom negotiation at 3-month follow-up. Implications of the importance of experiential learning, in combination with behavior observance, on the maintenance of condom protective behaviors are discussed. Findings have the potential to inform clinic and community-based HIV prevention interventions conducted among African American women.
Training Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Interview Skills to Adolescents
Authors: Olszewski Abbie , Panorska Anna , Gillam Sandra Laing
Published: November 2016

Adolescents’ verbal and nonverbal communication skills were compared before and after training in a workforce readiness training program, Language for Scholars (LFS), and a study skills program, Ideal Student Workshop (ISW). A cross-over design was used, ensuring that 44 adolescents received both programs and acted as their own control. The LFS program incorporated aspects of modeling, operationalized behaviors, performance, feedback, and self-regulatory goal setting. The active comparison ISW program taught study skill strategies. Adolescents participated in three interviews before (Pretest) and after both programs (Posttest 1, Posttest 2). Findings revealed that both adolescents’ verbal and nonverbal communication skills improved significantly immediately after completion of the LFS program only at Posttest 1 and Posttest 2. However, only nonverbal communication skills improved at Posttest 1 when comparing results between LFS and ISW. Findings suggest that both programs yielded some positive outcomes for adolescents.
Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol) Exhibits Antitumour Activity on Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells ORL-48
Authors: Zulkapli Rahayu , Abdul Razak Fathilah , Zain Rosnah Binti
Published: November 2016

Cancers involving the oral cavity, head, and neck regions are often treated with cisplatin. In cancer therapy, the main target is to eliminate unwanted cancerous cells. However, reports on the nonselective nature of this drug have raised few concerns. Incorrect nutritional habits and lifestyle practices have been directly linked to cancer incidence. Nutrients with antioxidant activity inhibit cancer cells development, destroying them through oxidative stress and apoptosis. α-tocopherol, the potent antioxidant form of vitamin E is a known scavenger of free radicals. In vitro study exhibited effective antitumor activity of α-tocopherol on ORL-48 at 2.5 ± 0.42 µg/mL. Cisplatin exhibited stronger activity at 1.0 ± 0.15 µg/mL, but unlike α-tocopherol it exhibited cytotoxicity on normal human epidermal keratinocytes at very low concentration (<0.1 µg/mL). Despite the lower potency of α-tocopherol, signs of apoptosis such as the shrinkage of cells and appearance of apoptotic bodies were observed much earlier than cisplatin in time lapse microscopy. No apoptotic vesicles were formed with cisplatin, instead an increased population of cells in the holoclone form which may suggest different induction mechanisms between both agents. High accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase were observed through TUNEL and annexin V-biotin assays, while the exhibition of ultrastructural changes of the cellular structures verified the apoptotic mode of cell death by both agents. Both cisplatin and α-tocopherol displayed cell cycle arrest at the Sub G0 phase. α-tocopherol thus, showed potential as an antitumour agent for the treatment of oral cancer and merits further research.
Training intensity distribution in young tennis players
Authors: Moreira Alexandre , Gomes Rodrigo V , Capitani Caroline D , Lopes Charles R , Santos Audrei R , Aoki Marcelo S
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to describe the training intensity distribution of elite young tennis players, based on the session rating of perceived exertion and heart rate methods. Twelve professional tennis players participated in this study. Heart rate and session rating of perceived exertion were collected in 384 tennis training sessions, 23 simulated matches, and 17 official matches. The total training time spent in the heart rate zone-1 (52.00%) and zone-2 (37.10%) was greater than the time spent in zone-3 (10.90%) during the 5-week training period ( p < 0.05). Similarly, the total training time spent in the session rating of perceived exertion zone-1 (42.00%) and zone-2 (47.50%) was also greater than the time in zone-3 (10.50%) ( p < 0.05). The data of the present study suggest that the majority of the training sessions of these young tennis players were performed at low-to-moderate intensity zone and, therefore, under the intensity performed during actual tennis match play.
A crisis of religious diversity: Debating integration in post-immigration Europe
Authors: Scalvini Marco
Published: November 2016

The growing cultural complexity in the face of new immigration waves influences the public understanding of religious diversity. The two central questions of this article are as follows: first, ‘how much religious difference and of what kind is compatible within Europe?’ and second, ‘to what extent can Muslim diversity be integrated into Europe?’. This article undertakes an investigation of these questions and explores the extent to which discourses on religious diversity imply boundary making and aim at limiting the religious freedom of Muslims. Empirically, I scrutinize press coverage between 2009 and 2010, the years in which the minarets ban entered the sociopolitical arena of European public debate. The methodology adopts a social network analysis to uncover semantic macro-structures and elicit common discourses in the press of France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom. Subsequently, discourse analysis of relevant samples is applied to examine textual strategies used to legitimate inclusion or exclusion of religious difference.
Bodily Contributions to Emotion: Schachter’s Legacy for a Psychological Constructionist View on Emotion
Authors: MacCormack Jennifer K. , Lindquist Kristen A.
Published: November 2016

Although early emotion theorists posited that bodily changes contribute to emotion, the primary view in affective science over the last century has been that emotions produce bodily changes. Recent findings from physiology, neuroscience, and neuropsychology support the early intuition that body representations can help constitute emotion. These findings are consistent with the modern psychological constructionist hypothesis that emotions emerge when representations of bodily changes are conceptualized as an instance of emotion. We begin by introducing the psychological constructionist approach to emotion. With Schachter as inspiration, we next examine how embodied representations contribute to affective states, and ultimately emotion, with inflammation as a key example. We close by looking forward to future research on how body representations contribute to human experience.
Getting Bodily Feelings Into Emotional Experience in the Right Way
Authors: Deonna Julien A. , Teroni Fabrice
Published: November 2016

We argue that the main objections against two central tenets of a Jamesian account of the emotions, that is, that (a) different types of emotions are associated with specific types of bodily feelings ( specificity), and that (b) emotions are constituted by patterns of bodily feeling ( constitution), do not succeed. In the first part, we argue that several reasons adduced against specificity, including one inspired by Schachter and Singer’s work, are unconvincing. In the second part, we argue that constitution, too, can withstand most of the objections raised against it, including the objection that bodily feelings cannot account for the outward-looking and evaluative nature of emotions. In both sections, we argue that the kinds of felt bodily changes posited by a Jamesian account of emotions are best understood in terms of felt states of action readiness.
Real-time trajectory tracking of an unmanned aerial vehicle using a self-tuning fuzzy proportional integral derivative controller
Authors: Demir Batıkan E , Bayir Raif , Duran Fecir
Published: November 2016

In the present study, a desired reference trajectory was autonomously tracked by means of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle with a self-tuning fuzzy proportional integral derivative controller. A proportional integral derivative controller and a fuzzy system tuning gains from proportional integral derivative controller are applied to stabilize the quadrotor, to control the attitude and to track the trajectory. Inputs of fuzzy logical controller consist of the speed required for the distance between the current position of unmanned aerial vehicle and the defined reference point and differences between orientation angles and variance in differences. Outputs of fuzzy logical controller consist of the proportional integral derivative coefficients which produce pitch, roll, yaw and height values. The fuzzy proportional integral derivative control algorithm is real-time applied to the quadrotor in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Based on data from experimental studies, although both classical proportional integral derivative controller and self-tuning fuzzy proportional integral derivative controller have accomplished to track a defined trajectory with the aircraft, the self-tuning fuzzy proportional integral derivative controller has been able to control with less errors than the classical proportional integral derivative controller.