bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Naturally Inspired Molecules as Multifunctional Agents for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment
Authors: Rampa Angela , Tarozzi Andrea , Mancini Francesca , Pruccoli Letizia , Di Martino Rita , Gobbi Silvia , Bisi Alessandra , De Simone Angela , Palomba Francesco , Zaccheroni Nelsi , Belluti Federica
Published: May 2016

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been defined as a multi-factorial disorder resulting from a complex array of networked cellular and molecular mechanisms. In particular, elevated levels of Aβ protein and its aggregation products in the presence of metal ions proved to be highly neurotoxic and therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing Aβ generation and oxidative stress may represent an effective approach for AD treatment. A recent paradigm for the treatment of complex diseases such as AD suggests the employment of multifunctional compounds, single chemical entities capable of simultaneously modulating different targets involved in the pathology. In this paper, the “pharmacophores combination” strategy was applied, connecting the main scaffold of the BACE-1 ligand 1 to that of the chalcone 2, as metal chelating pharmacophore, to obtain a small library of compounds. Conjugate 5 emerged as the most interesting derivative, proving to inhibit BACE-1 with low-micromolar potency, and showing neuroprotective effects. In particular, 5 proved to be able to protect from metal-associated oxidative stress by hampering intracellular Cu2+-induced ROS formation without any direct neurotoxic effect.
Reversible Immobilization of Lipases on Heterofunctional Octyl-Amino Agarose Beads Prevents Enzyme Desorption
Authors: Rueda Nazzoly , Albuquerque Tiago , Bartolome-Cabrero Rocio , Fernandez-Lopez Laura , Torres Rodrigo , Ortiz Claudia , Dos Santos Jose , Barbosa Oveimar , Fernandez-Lafuente Roberto
Published: May 2016

Two different heterofunctional octyl-amino supports have been prepared using ethylenediamine and hexylendiamine (OCEDA and OCHDA) and utilized to immobilize five lipases (lipases A (CALA) and B (CALB) from Candida antarctica, lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), from Rhizomucor miehei (RML) and from Candida rugosa (CRL) and the phospholipase Lecitase Ultra (LU). Using pH 5 and 50 mM sodium acetate, the immobilizations proceeded via interfacial activation on the octyl layer, after some ionic bridges were established. These supports did not release enzyme when incubated at Triton X-100 concentrations that released all enzyme molecules from the octyl support. The octyl support produced significant enzyme hyperactivation, except for CALB. However, the activities of the immobilized enzymes were usually slightly higher using the new supports than the octyl ones. Thermal and solvent stabilities of LU and TLL were significantly improved compared to the OC counterparts, while in the other enzymes the stability decreased in most cases (depending on the pH value). As a general rule, OCEDA had lower negative effects on the stability of the immobilized enzymes than OCHDA and while in solvent inactivation the enzyme molecules remained attached to the support using the new supports and were released using monofunctional octyl supports, in thermal inactivations this only occurred in certain cases.
The Economic Burden of Malnutrition in Pregnant Women and Children under 5 Years of Age in Cambodia
Authors: Moench-Pfanner Regina , Silo Sok , Laillou Arnaud , Wieringa Frank , Hong Rathamony , Hong Rathavuth , Poirot Etienne , Bagriansky Jack
Published: May 2016

Malnutrition is locked in a vicious cycle of increased mortality, poor health, impaired cognitive development, slow physical growth, reduced learning capacity, inferior performance, and ultimately lower adult work performance and productivity. The consensus of global scientific evidence indicates that lowering the rates of malnutrition will be an indispensable component of any successful program to raise the quality of human capital and resources. This study used a “consequence model” to apply the coefficient risk-deficit on economic losses, established in the global scientific literature, to Cambodian health, demographic, and economic data to develop a national estimate of the value of economic losses due to malnutrition. The impact of the indicators of malnutrition analyzed represent a burden to the national economy of Cambodia estimated at 266 million USD annually (1.7% of GDP). Stunting is reducing the Cambodian economic output by more than 120 million USD, and iodine deficiency disorders alone by 57 million USD. This economic burden is too high in view of Cambodia’s efforts to drive economic development. The government should rapidly expand a range of low-cost effective nutrition interventions to break the current cycle of increased mortality, poor health and ultimately lower work performance, productivity, and earnings.
Protein Intake and Muscle Health in Old Age: From Biological Plausibility to Clinical Evidence
Authors: Landi Francesco , Calvani Riccardo , Tosato Matteo , Martone Anna , Ortolani Elena , Savera Giulia , D’Angelo Emanuela , Sisto Alex , Marzetti Emanuele
Published: May 2016

The provision of sufficient amounts of dietary proteins is central to muscle health as it ensures the supply of essential amino acids and stimulates protein synthesis. Older persons, in particular, are at high risk of insufficient protein ingestion. Furthermore, the current recommended dietary allowance for protein (0.8 g/kg/day) might be inadequate for maintaining muscle health in older adults, probably as a consequence of “anabolic resistance” in aged muscle. Older individuals therefore need to ingest a greater quantity of protein to maintain muscle function. The quality of protein ingested is also essential to promoting muscle health. Given the role of leucine as the master dietary regulator of muscle protein turnover, the ingestion of protein sources enriched with this essential amino acid, or its metabolite β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, is thought to offer the greatest benefit in terms of preservation of muscle mass and function in old age.
How Efficient Is My (Medicinal) Chemistry?
Authors: Vanden Eynde Jean Jacques
Published: May 2016

“Greening” a chemical transformation is not about only changing the nature of a solvent or decreasing the reaction temperature. There are metrics enabling a critical quantification of the efficiency of an experimental protocol. Some of them are applied to different sequences for the preparation of paracetamol in order to understand their performance parameters and elucidate pathways for improvement.
Polyester-Based, Biodegradable Core-Multishell Nanocarriers for the Transport of Hydrophobic Drugs
Authors: Walker Karolina , Stumbé Jean-François , Haag Rainer
Published: May 2016

A water-soluble, core-multishell (CMS) nanocarrier based on a new hyperbranched polyester core building block was synthesized and characterized towards drug transport and degradation of the nanocarrier. The hydrophobic drug dexamethasone was encapsulated and the enzyme-mediated biodegradability was investigated by NMR spectroscopy. The new CMS nanocarrier can transport one molecule of dexamethasone and degrades within five days at a skin temperature of 32 °C to biocompatible fragments.
Aerosol-Assisted Fast Formulating Uniform Pharmaceutical Polymer Microparticles with Variable Properties toward pH-Sensitive Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Lei Hong , Gao Xingmin , Wu Winston , Wu Zhangxiong , Chen Xiao
Published: May 2016

Microencapsulation is highly attractive for oral drug delivery. Microparticles are a common form of drug carrier for this purpose. There is still a high demand on efficient methods to fabricate microparticles with uniform sizes and well-controlled particle properties. In this paper, uniform hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP)-based pharmaceutical microparticles loaded with either hydrophobic or hydrophilic model drugs have been directly formulated by using a unique aerosol technique, i.e., the microfluidic spray drying technology. A series of microparticles of controllable particle sizes, shapes, and structures are fabricated by tuning the solvent composition and drying temperature. It is found that a more volatile solvent and a higher drying temperature can result in fast evaporation rates to form microparticles of larger lateral size, more irregular shape, and denser matrix. The nature of the model drugs also plays an important role in determining particle properties. The drug release behaviors of the pharmaceutical microparticles are dependent on their structural properties and the nature of a specific drug, as well as sensitive to the pH value of the release medium. Most importantly, drugs in the microparticles obtained by using a more volatile solvent or a higher drying temperature can be well protected from degradation in harsh simulated gastric fluids due to the dense structures of the microparticles, while they can be fast-released in simulated intestinal fluids through particle dissolution. These pharmaceutical microparticles are potentially useful for site-specific (enteric) delivery of orally-administered drugs.
Extending Emulsion Functionality: Post-Homogenization Modification of Droplet Properties
Authors: Bai Long , McClements David
Published: May 2016

Homogenizers are commonly used to produce oil-in-water emulsions that consist of emulsifier-coated oil droplets suspended within an aqueous phase. The functional attributes of emulsions are usually controlled by selecting appropriate ingredients (e.g., surfactants, co-surfactants, oils, solvents, and co-solvents) and processing conditions (e.g., homogenizer type and operating conditions). However, the functional attributes of emulsions can also be tailored after homogenization by manipulating their composition, structure, or physical state. The interfacial properties of lipid droplets can be altered using competitive adsorption or coating methods (such as electrostatic deposition). The physical state of oil droplets can be altered by selecting an oil phase that crystallizes after the emulsion has been formed. The composition of the disperse phase can be altered by mixing different kinds of oil droplets together to induce inter-droplet exchange of oil molecules. The local environment of oil droplets can be altered by embedding them within hydrogel beads. The aggregation state of oil droplets can be controlled by promoting flocculation. These post-homogenization methods can be used to alter functional attributes such as physical stability, rheology, optical properties, chemical degradation, retention/release properties, and/or gastrointestinal fate.
Diatom Phenology in the Southern Ocean: Mean Patterns, Trends and the Role of Climate Oscillations
Authors: Soppa Mariana , Völker Christoph , Bracher Astrid
Published: May 2016

Diatoms are the major marine primary producers in the Southern Ocean and a key component of the carbon and silicate biogeochemical cycle. Using 15 years of satellite-derived diatom concentration from September to April (1997–2012), we examine the mean patterns and the interannual variability of the diatom bloom phenology in the Southern Ocean. Mean spatial patterns of timing and duration of diatom blooms are generally associated with the position of the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front and of the maximum sea ice extent. In several areas the anomalies of phenological indices are found to be correlated with ENSO and SAM. Composite maps of the anomalies reveal distinct spatial patterns and opposite events of ENSO and SAM have similar effects on the diatom phenology. For example, in the Ross Sea region, a later start of the bloom and lower diatom biomass were observed associated with El Niño and negative SAM events; likely influenced by an increase in sea ice concentration during these events.
Stability-Aware Geographic Routing in Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Hieu Tran , Dung Le , Kim Byung-Seo
Published: May 2016

A new generation of wireless sensor networks that harvest energy from environmental sources such as solar, vibration, and thermoelectric to power sensor nodes is emerging to solve the problem of energy limitation. Based on the photo-voltaic model, this research proposes a stability-aware geographic routing for reliable data transmissions in energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) to provide a reliable routes selection method and potentially achieve an unlimited network lifetime. Specifically, the influences of link quality, represented by the estimated packet reception rate, on network performance is investigated. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms an energy-harvesting-aware method in terms of energy consumption, the average number of hops, and the packet delivery ratio.
Kinect-Based Virtual Game for the Elderly that Detects Incorrect Body Postures in Real Time
Authors: Saenz-de-Urturi Zelai , Garcia-Zapirain Soto Begonya
Published: May 2016

Poor posture can result in loss of physical function, which is necessary to preserving independence in later life. Its decline is often the determining factor for loss of independence in the elderly. To avoid this, a system to correct poor posture in the elderly, designed for Kinect-based indoor applications, is proposed in this paper. Due to the importance of maintaining a healthy life style in senior citizens, the system has been integrated into a game which focuses on their physical stimulation. The game encourages users to perform physical activities while the posture correction system helps them to adopt proper posture. The system captures limb node data received from the Kinect sensor in order to detect posture variations in real time. The DTW algorithm compares the original posture with the current one to detect any deviation from the original correct position. The system was tested and achieved a successful detection percentage of 95.20%. Experimental tests performed in a nursing home with different users show the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
State of the Art in LP-WAN Solutions for Industrial IoT Services
Authors: Sanchez-Iborra Ramon , Cano Maria-Dolores
Published: May 2016

The emergence of low-cost connected devices is enabling a new wave of sensorization services. These services can be highly leveraged in industrial applications. However, the technologies employed so far for managing this kind of system do not fully cover the strict requirements of industrial networks, especially those regarding energy efficiency. In this article a novel paradigm, called Low-Power Wide Area Networking (LP-WAN), is explored. By means of a cellular-type architecture, LP-WAN–based solutions aim at fulfilling the reliability and efficiency challenges posed by long-term industrial networks. Thus, the most prominent LP-WAN solutions are reviewed, identifying and discussing the pros and cons of each of them. The focus is also on examining the current deployment state of these platforms in Spain. Although LP-WAN systems are at early stages of development, they represent a promising alternative for boosting future industrial IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) networks and services.
A Mobile and Low-Cost System for Environmental Monitoring: A Case Study
Authors: Velasco Alejandro , Ferrero Renato , Gandino Filippo , Montrucchio Bartolomeo , Rebaudengo Maurizio
Published: May 2016

Northern Italy has one of the highest air pollution levels in the European Union. This paper describes a mobile wireless sensor network system intended to complement the already existing official air quality monitoring systems of the metropolitan town of Torino. The system is characterized by a high portability and low cost, in both acquisition and maintenance. The high portability of the system aims to improve the spatial distribution and resolution of the measurements from the official static monitoring stations. Commercial PM 10 and O 3 sensors were incorporated into the system and were subsequently tested in a controlled environment and in the field. The test in the field, performed in collaboration with the local environmental agency, revealed that the sensors can provide accurate data if properly calibrated and maintained. Further tests were carried out by mounting the system on bicycles in order to increase their mobility.
ELV Recycling Service Provider Selection Using the Hybrid MCDM Method: A Case Application in China
Authors: Zhou Fuli , Lin Yun , Wang Xu , Zhou Lin , He Yandong
Published: May 2016

With the rapid depletion of natural resources and undesired environmental changes globally, more interest has been shown in the research of green supply chain practices, including end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycling. The ELV recycling is mandatory for auto-manufacturers by legislation for the purpose of minimizing potential environmental damages. The purpose of the present research is to determine the best choice of ELV recycling service provider by employing an integrating hybrid multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method. In this research, economic, environmental and social factors are taken into consideration. The linguistic variables and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TFNs) are applied into this evaluation to deal with the vague and qualitative information. With the combined weight calculation of criteria based on fuzzy aggregation and Shannon Entropy techniques, the normative multi-criteria optimization technique (FVIKOR method) is applied to explore the best solution. An application was performed based on the proposed hybrid MCDM method, and sensitivity analysis was conducted on different decision making scenarios. The present study provides a decision-making approach on ELV recycling business selection under sustainability and green philosophy with high robustness and easy implementation.
Degradation of Swainsonine by the NADP-Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase A1R6C3 in Arthrobacter sp. HW08
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhai A’guan , Zhang Yanqi , Qiu Kai , Wang Jianhua , Li Qinfan
Published: May 2016

Swainsonine is an indolizidine alkaloid that has been found in locoweeds and some fungi. Our previous study demonstrated that Arthrobacter sp. HW08 or its crude enzyme extract could degrade swainsonie efficiently. However, the mechanism of swainsonine degradation in bacteria remains unclear. In this study, we used label-free quantitative proteomics method based on liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry to dissect the mechanism of swainsonine biodegradation by Arthrobacter sp. HW08. The results showed that 129 differentially expressed proteins were relevant to swainsonine degradation. These differentially expressed proteins were mostly related to the biological process of metabolism and the molecular function of catalytic activity. Among the 129 differentially expressed proteins, putative sugar phosphate isomerase/epimerase A1R5X7, Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase A0JZ95, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase A1R6C3 were found to contribute to the swainsonine degradation. Notably, NADP-dependent alcohol dehyrodgenase A1R6C3 appeared to play a major role in degrading swainsonine, but not as much as Arthrobacter sp. HW08 did. Collectively, our findings here provide insights to understand the mechanism of swainsonine degradation in bacteria.
Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Recognizes Its Protein Receptor SV2 by a Different Mechanism than Botulinum Neurotoxin B Synaptotagmin
Authors: Weisemann Jasmin , Stern Daniel , Mahrhold Stefan , Dorner Brigitte , Rummel Andreas
Published: May 2016

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) exhibit extraordinary potency due to their exquisite neurospecificity, which is achieved by dual binding to complex polysialo-gangliosides and synaptic vesicle proteins. The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 isoforms, SV2A‐C, identified as protein receptors for the most relevant serotype BoNT/A, binds within the 50 kDa cell binding domain HC of BoNT/A. Here, we deciphered the BoNT/A‐SV2 interactions in more detail. In pull down assays, the binding of HCA to SV2-LD4 isoforms decreases from SV2C >> SV2A > SV2B. A binding constant of 200 nM was determined for BoNT/A to rat SV2C-LD4 in GST pull down assay. A similar binding constant was determined by surface plasmon resonance for HCA to rat SV2C and to human SV2C, the latter being slightly lower due to the substitution L563F in LD4. At pH 5, as measured in acidic synaptic vesicles, the binding constant of HCA to hSV2C is increased more than 10-fold. Circular dichroism spectroscopy reveals that the quadrilateral helix of SV2C-LD4 already exists in solution prior to BoNT/A binding. Hence, the BoNT/A‐SV2C interaction is of different nature compared to BoNT/B‐Syt-II. In particular, the preexistence of the quadrilateral β-sheet helix of SV2 and its pH-dependent binding to BoNT/A via backbone–backbone interactions constitute major differences. Knowledge of the molecular details of BoNT/A‐SV2 interactions drives the development of high affinity peptides to counteract BoNT/A intoxications or to capture functional BoNT/A variants in innovative detection systems for botulism diagnostic.
The Effect of MicroRNA bantam on Baculovirus AcMNPV Infection in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Shi Xiaojie , Ran Zihan , Li Sisi , Yin Juan , Zhong Jiang
Published: May 2016

The role of microRNA bantam, one of the most abundant microRNAs in Sf9 cells, was studied for its role in baculovirus infection in vitro and in vivo. The expression level of bantam was increased after AcMNPV infection in Sf9 cells and in Spodoptera litura larvae. In Sf9 cells, application of bantam inhibitor or mimic altered the expression of many virus genes, the most affected gene being lef8, gp41 and p10, the expression level of which was increased by 8, 10 and 40 times, respectively, in the presence of bantam inhibitor. Virus DNA replication was decreased in the presence of bantam mimic and increased in the presence of bantam inhibitor in a dose dependent manner. However, the production of budded virus did not change significantly. Feeding the larvae of S. litura and Spodoptera exigua with bantam antagomiR, a more stable form of the inhibitor, resulted in an abnormal larval growth and a decreased pupation rate. In S. litura, larvae died 3.5 days sooner than the control when bantam antagomiR was applied, together with AcMNPV. In infected S. exigua, larval mortality increased from 47% without antagomiR to 80% with it. The results suggest that microRNA bantam plays an important role in insect growth, as well as in baculovirus-insect interaction.
Using High-Resolution Data to Test Parameter Sensitivity of the Distributed Hydrological Model HydroGeoSphere
Authors: Cornelissen Thomas , Diekkrüger Bernd , Bogena Heye
Published: May 2016

Parameterization of physically based and distributed hydrological models for mesoscale catchments remains challenging because the commonly available data base is insufficient for calibration. In this paper, we parameterize a mesoscale catchment for the distributed model HydroGeoSphere by transferring evapotranspiration parameters calibrated at a highly-equipped headwater catchment in addition to literature data. Based on this parameterization, the sensitivity of the mesoscale catchment to spatial variability in land use, potential evapotranspiration and precipitation and of the headwater catchment to mesoscale soil and land use data was conducted. Simulations of the mesoscale catchment with transferred parameters reproduced daily discharge dynamics and monthly evapotranspiration of grassland, deciduous and coniferous vegetation in a satisfactory manner. Precipitation was the most sensitive input data with respect to total runoff and peak flow rates, while simulated evapotranspiration components and patterns were most sensitive to spatially distributed land use parameterization. At the headwater catchment, coarse soil data resulted in a change in runoff generating processes based on the interplay between higher wetness prior to a rainfall event, enhanced groundwater level rise and accordingly, lower transpiration rates. Our results indicate that the direct transfer of parameters is a promising method to benefit highly equipped simulations of the headwater catchments.
Stakeholder Engagement for Inclusive Water Governance: “Practicing What We Preach” with the OECD Water Governance Initiative
Authors: Akhmouch Aziza , Clavreul Delphine
Published: May 2016

A cursory glance at the literature on water governance reveals that stakeholder engagement has long been considered an integral part of sound governance processes. However, a closer look at the literature reveals that, beyond this general assertion, there is a lack of evidence-based assessment on how engagement processes contribute to water governance objectives. This article addresses this research gap by presenting key findings and policy guidance from a study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on “Stakeholder Engagement for Inclusive Water Governance”. This study employed comprehensive methods, including a survey administered to 215 stakeholder groups worldwide and separately, 69 case studies of specific stakeholder engagement initiatives on water management. This article also shares the experiences and lessons that have emerged from engaging stakeholders in the OECD Water Governance Initiative—an international multi-stakeholder policy forum created in 2013 to share policy and practical experiences on water governance at different levels. We hope this research will be used to stimulate and enrich discussions about the necessary conditions for results-oriented stakeholder engagement, and to guide decision makers accordingly.
Hydro-Meteorological Drought Projections into the 21-st Century for Selected Polish Catchments
Authors: Meresa Hadush , Osuch Marzena , Romanowicz Renata
Published: May 2016

The nature of drought conditions is estimated using a range of indices describing different aspects of drought events. Three drought indices are evaluated, namely the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), using observed hydroclimatic data and applying them to hydro-meteorological projections into the 21st century. The first two indices are evaluated using only meteorological variables and from this point of view, are better suited to meteorological drought projections than the third index, SRI, which is based on catchment discharge and represents hydrological drought. We assess information contained in those indices and their suitability to catchment scale climate projection drought assessment in ten selected Polish catchments, representing different hydro-climatic conditions, which are used as a case study. Projections of climatic variables (precipitation and temperature) are obtained from the EURO-CORDEX initiative derived from seven climate models at a grid resolution of 12.5 km for the time period 1971–2100. Future runoff projections for the catchments are obtained using a conceptual rainfall-runoff model (HBV). The results of analyses of indices based on observations in the reference period show consistent estimates for most of the catchments. Hydro-meteorological climate model projections for three periods, including the reference period 1971–2000, and two 30-year periods, near-future 2021–2050 and far-future 2071–2100, are used to estimate changes of future drought conditions in the catchments studied. The results show a substantial variation of temporal drought patterns over the catchments and their dependence on projected precipitation and temperature variables and the type of indices applied. Of the three indices studied, only SPEI projections indicate drier conditions in the catchments in the far-future period. The other two indices, SPI and SRI, indicate wetter climates in the future.
Alexandre Ribot, parlementaire du Pas-de-Calais, (1842-1923)
Authors: Desrumaux Véronique
Published: May 2016

Alexandre Ribot (1842-1923) naquit à Saint-Omer dans une famille orléaniste. Brillant juriste, il fut dès 1875 secrétaire général du ministre de la justice. C'est à l'occasion d'une sélection partielle dans la 2e circonscription de Boulogne quil entra à la Chambre en 1878. Avec 56% des voix, il devançait le candidat bonapartiste Dussaussoy. Réélu en 1881, il fut battu en 1885 à la tête d'une liste républicaine conservatrice. De retour en 1887, il siégea au centre gauche sans interruption jusqu'en 1909. Membre des commissions les plus importantes, il défendit avec acharnement les lois constitutionnelles, la loi sur les sucres et vota chacun des crédits nécessaires à l'expansion coloniale. Aujourd'hui encore, son nom reste attaché aux plus grands projets et progrès de la République. Ministre des Affaires Etrangères de 1890 à 1893, il fut le principal artisan des négociations de l'Alliance France-Russe. Le 6 décembre 1892 il devenait président du Conseil, il fit arrêter les anciens administrateurs de Panama. Il retrouva ce poste en 1895 avec le portefeuille des finances. Sénateur de 1909 à 1923 il déploya une activité remarquable malgré son grand âge. Pendant le premier conflit mondial, l'Etat fit de nouveau appel à son expérience. Ministre des finances de 1914 à mars 1917, il créa les bons de la Défense Nationale qui connurent un grand succès. Puis en tant que Président du Conseil et Ministre des Affaires Etrangères, il tenta vainement de négocier une paix séparée avec l'Autriche.
L'implantation locale d'un grand notable du Pas- de-Calais, Charles Célestin Jonnart (1857-1927)
Authors: Vavasseur-Desperriers Jean
Published: May 2016

Charles Célestin Jonart was een republikeins staatsman die 40 jaar lang «conseiller général» was en afgevaardigde van het département in de Kamer en de Senaat. Hij verdedigde een verzoenend republikanisme dat overeenstemde met de voorliefde van zijn elektoraat en dat verklaart zijn lange politieke loopbaan. Een andere verklaring is het fenomeen van de macht en een indirect dienstbetoon (verbonden met een net notabelen) en soms ook direkt (geleverde diensten) die de macht van zijn lokale inplanting uitmaakten.
Ah mon beau château ! Canlers, demeure seigneuriale artésienne, XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles
Authors: Dhérent Catherine
Published: May 2016

Dank zij een zeer gedetailleerde boekhouding en een verslag van een bezoek ontdekt in een charter kan men een beeld hebben van hoe een aantal heerlijkheden er in ons verwoest platteland, in de 17de eeuw uitzagen : houten wanden en leem op muurtjes in silex, waarvan de bedekking in stro, voor het gravenhuis, slechts in 1675 vervangen wordt door leien ! En daar leefden de grote namen die wij in onze geschiedenis weervinden.
Pour Jean-Charles Cazin
Authors: Lesage Jean-Claude
Published: May 2016

Cazin est un des grands paysagistes du Pas-de-Calais ; il y est né et y a donné le meilleur de lui-même. Sa fierté naturelle, sa volonté d'indépendance, sa sincérité aussi l'ont maintenu, tout au long de sa carrière, en dehors des normes et des courants picturaux. Inclassable Cazin qui a rebuté les exégètes, découragé les analyses ! Réaliste certes, impressionniste peut-être, symboliste pourquoi pas ? mais avant tout lui-même, avec ses faiblesses et ses réussites. Ce peintre a osé pratiquer la peinture d'histoire en 1880 et il a donné des chefs-d'œuvre ; il a su traduire la poésie de l'Artois avec une sensibilité très «fin de siècle» sans jamais verser dans le poncif et l'anecdote qui firent florès en son temps. Oublions peut- être les «moulins» de Cazin et redécouvrons ses paysages d'été où les meules se perdent dans les collines du Boulonnais, redécouvrons le dégel dans les dunes de robuste facture. Si Américains et Japonais connaissent bien l'œuvre de l'artiste et l'exposent fréquemment, ne leur laissons pas nous réapprendre Cazin, le peintre d'Equihen.
Prieurés clunisiens, bourgs et cités (milieu du XIe - milieu du XIIIe siècle).
Authors: Racinet Philippe
Published: May 2016

Les moines de Cluny, dont l'expansion vers le Nord coïncide avec la grande période de renaissance urbaine, n'ont pas refusé de s'implanter en ville. De grands prieurés prospérèrent au sein des bourgs dont le développement est inséparable de la présence monastique. A travers quelques exemples, en particulier celui de Nevers, les formes et les modalités de l'implantation clunisienne en milieu urbain sont analysées comme une illustration de l'extraordinaire faculté d'adaptation des moines.
17 février 1454 : le Banquet du Vœu du Faisan, fête de cour et stratégies de pouvoir.
Authors: Caron Marie-Thérèse
Published: May 2016

Le Banquet du Faisan de 1454 à Lille a permis au duc de Bourgogne de prendre avec éclat l'initiative d'une croisade contre les Ottomans, et de s'affirmer comme le chef de la future expédition collective de la chrétienté européenne au secours des Byzantins. Les différents moments de cette fête de cour prestigieuse permettent de la situer à la fois dans l'histoire culturelle, par la mise en scène d'un spectacle à la gloire de Philippe le Bon et de sa maison, et dans l'histoire politique, par l'illustration de ce spectacle pour affirmer la puissance nécessaire à l'indispensable unification de possessions territoriales diverses aussi bien qu'aux relations avec les pouvoirs concurrents et les ennemis potentiels.
Amiens, ville ligueuse : le sens d'une rébellion.
Authors: Pelus Marie-Louise
Published: May 2016

La capitale picarde à l'époque de la Ligue n'a pas connu de bouleversements majeurs. En dépit de changements dans le personnel municipal, l'oligarchie urbaine en place avant 1588 reste au pouvoir et parvient, bien que soumise à de constantes pressions, tant de la part de la noblesse ligueuse que des masses populaires, à ne pas se laisser déborder. Soutenu par les élites sociales de la ville, l'échevinage, à défaut d'avoir pu devenir le leader effectif de la province ligueuse, réussit à maintenir l'indépendance de la cité. Les privilèges de la ville d'Amiens sont confirmés et étendus par Henri IV en 1594. Le cas de cette ville, à la fois révolutionnaire dans son défi au roi, dans sa volonté de créer un ordre nouveau en Picardie, et respectueuse des coutumes et des institutions existantes, illustre bien la complexité du phénomène ligueur, qui regarde à la fois vers un passé où bonnes villes et noblesse parlaient d'égal à égal avec le roi, et vers un futur où l'oligarchie urbaine, à l'image de la bourgeoisie hollandaise, aurait un véritable rôle dans l'Etat.
L'église de Beauval et la famille Saint.
Authors: Lefebvre François
Published: May 2016

Der kerk van Beauval en de famille Saint.

De gebroeders Saint, afkomstig uit Beauval in de Somme, hebben bijgedragen tot de opgang van de Franse juteindustrie in de eerste helft van de XlXde eeuw, Hun nakomelingen hebben, vooral in het departement van de Somme, van 1857 tot in dejaren 1890, een machtig industrieel bedrijf opgebouwd, dat een nationale dimensie heeft. Zij waren bewust van hun patronale verplichtin- gen en bezorgd om het welzijn van hun arbeiders, als vele industriëlen toen, en de leiders van Saint Frères, en vooral een ervan, Charles Saint (1826-1902) heeft een reeks sociale verwezenlijkingen tot stand gebracht. De kerk van Beauval, aangekocht in 1888, op kosten van de familie Saint, sluit die reeks af. Men kan vele vragen stellen naar de zin van zo een patronaal initiatief : een daad van medelijden, die getuigt van een diep geloof, een daad van edelmoedigheit — de directie van Saint Frères had de Kerk aan de gemeente Beauval geschonken — een uiting van het patronaat dat waakt op zijn arbeiders en die werk, brood en "de hemel" verschaft of nog een leerzame les wil tonen, dat industriële vooruitgang en christelijke waarden op het einde van de XlXde eeuw kunnen verenigd worden ?
La justice comtale et le négoce de la garance dans la région de Valenciennes (deuxième moitié du XIVe siècle).
Authors: Pavot Catherine
Published: May 2016

Justice and the Madder-dye Trade in the Valenciennes region in the Second Half of the XVIth Century.

The judiciary sources of the provostry of the Valenciennes Earldom mitigate the picture of the customary sanctions imposed on the circulation, the control and the handling of madder-dye on its territory. In opposition to the intransigence displayed by the Hainault custom and best exemplified by the municipal court and the Valenciennes "Halle aux Draps", the Earl's justice shows more flexibility in the enforcement of the sentences passed. It accepts to negotiate with the profession the possibility of getting part of the seized goods, otherwise to be destroyed, bought back. These sales benefit the Earl's finances without putting the local market at risk, as the smuggled merchandise purchased back by the trade is diposed of outside the borders of the Hainault province.
Les étudiants lillois aux XVe-XVIe siècles.
Authors: Duval Pascale
Published: May 2016

De Rijselse studenten in de XVde-XVIde eeuw.

Dit artikel wil een beeld geven van de verplaatsingen van de Rijselse studenten tijdens hun hogere studie, in de XVde en XVIde eeuw. Er waren toen in Rijsel relatief veel lagere en latijnse scholen, maar er was geen studium voor wie wou verder studeren. Die leerlingen moesten op reis gaan. Bij het nakijken van verschillende inschrijvingsregisters van universiteiten — geen gemakkelijke taak — kon men een lijst van 800 studenten in die twee eeuwen samenstellen. Die bezochten sommige universiteiten zeer regelmatig. De studie daarvan toont het gedrag van de Rijselse studenten tijdens hun universitaire verplaatsingen.
La formation du réseau communal en France du Nord de 1790 au milieu du XIXe siècle.
Authors: Follain Antoine
Published: May 2016

De vorming van het gemeentelijk net in Noord-Frankrijk van 1790 tot het midden van de XXste eeuw.

In 1790 erft Frankrijk een net van gemeenten dat voortkwam uit de dorpsgemeenschappen van het Ancien Régime. Het was zeer ongelijk en omvatte 41 000 districten, waarvan meer dan 8 000 in de hier bestudeerde departementen. Men verklaart deze extreme verdeling in 1790 uit de kracht van de dorpsidentiteit en, later, uit de taale weerstand tegen de fusiepolitiek van gemeenten en parochies die in de loop van de XIXde eeuw hoogten en laagten zal kennen. De bevolking veroordeelt aile redenen om kleine gemeenten af te schaffen. Het belang van de godsdienst in het idenditeitsgevoel brengt mee dat een hertekening van het parochienet tijdens het Concordaat ervaren werd als een fusie « voor de godsdienst », die het berusten in het « burgerlijke » verdwijnen aankondigde. Voor de autoriteiten was het bilan steeds ontmoedigend. En zo bleef het probleem van de kleine gemeenten bestaan tot in de XXste eeuw, terwijl in buurlanden, als België, wel recentelijk belangrijke hervormingen van de « eenheden van lokale democratie » doorgevoerd werden.
La Société Saint-Bertin de Saint-Omer, une société de prêtres voués à l'éducation au XIXe siècle. Grandeur et déclin.
Authors: Poteau Eric
Published: May 2016

De Sint-Bertijnsocieteit in Sint-Omaars, een vereniging van priesters-leerkrachten in de XIXde eeuw. Bloeitijd en verval.

De Sint-Bertijnsocieteit, een burgerlijke vereniging van priesters- leerkrachten opgericht in 1834 in het bisdom Atrecht, had heel wat invloed op het religieuze leven van de streek en meer bepaald de kristelijke opvoeding van de jeugd. De geschiedenis van de vereniging is verbonden met de ontwikkeling van het secundair onderwijs en de uitbreiding van de vrije colleges in Noord- Frankrijk in de xixde eeuw. Na een veelbelovend begin en met de steun van de Fallouxwetten bezitten of besturen de Bertijnse priesters een twaalftal scholen in Sint-Omaars, Dohem, Marcq-en-Barœul, Sint-Winoksbergen, Rijsel, Atrecht... Daarop volgt een moeilijke période wegens de uitbreiding buiten het bisdom en de poging de societeit in een congregatie te veranderen om zo aan de bisschoppelijke voogdij te ontsnappen. Van de Ferry wetten had men geen last te meer omdat het congregatieproject niet doorging. De invloed van de societeit sproot voort uit de combinatie van een elite van priesters, voor het onderwijs, met talrijke politieke sympathisanten. De Sint-Bertijnsocieteit bleef trouw aan het monarchistische gedachtengoed en stond vijandig tegenover het Ralliement aan de Derde Republiek. Zij verdween toen het katholieke onderwijs gestructureerd werd.
Le conseil général du Pas-de-Calais et la formation des instituteurs, 1833-1871.
Authors: Renoncourt Régis
Published: May 2016

De algemene raad van Pas-de-Calais en de vorming van de onderwijzers, 1833-1871.

In 1873, bij het begin van de Derde Republiek, bezit het département Pas-de-Calais, een van de eerste in Frankrijk qua bevolking en economische acti viteit, geen Normaalschool voor jongens noch meisjes. In het artikel analyseert men de reden van deze eigenaardige toestand en de houding van de algemene raad terzake, enerzijds zijn doorgedreven zin voor économie waar het geld van het département betreft, anderzijds een ingeboren conservatisme en diep wan- trouwen voor de laiciserende normaalschool te Douai, die een tijdje de aspirant leraars ontvangt, gepaard aan de sympatie voor de school van Dohem geleid door séculière priesters, die geen echte normaalschool kan worden en trouwens meer en meer kritiek krijgt van de academische overheid.
Coupled molecular and cantilever dynamics model for frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy
Authors: Klocke Michael , Wolf Dietrich E
Published: May 2016

A molecular dynamics model is presented, which adds harmonic potentials to the atomic interactions to mimic the elastic properties of an AFM cantilever. It gives new insight into the correlation between the experimentally monitored frequency shift and cantilever damping due to the interaction between tip atoms and scanned surface. Applying the model to ionic crystals with rock salt structure two damping mechanisms are investigated, which occur separately or simultaneously depending on the tip position. These mechanisms are adhesion hysteresis on the one hand and lateral excitations of the cantilever on the other. We find that the short range Lennard-Jones part of the atomic interaction alone is sufficient for changing the predominant mechanism. When the long range ionic interaction is switched off, the two damping mechanisms occur with a completely different pattern, which is explained by the energy landscape for the apex atom of the tip. In this case the adhesion hysteresis is always associated with a distinct lateral displacement of the tip. It is shown how this may lead to a systematic shift between the periodic patterns obtained from the frequency and from the damping signal, respectively.
The synthesis of functionalized bridged polycycles via C–H bond insertion
Authors: Shih Jiun-Le , Chen Po-An , May Jeremy A
Published: May 2016

This review presents examples from the chemical literature of syntheses of bridged-polycyclic products via C–H bond insertion by carbenes and nitrenes. Applications to natural product synthesis, a description of the essential elements in substrate-controlled reactions, and mechanistic details of transformations are presented. Overall, these transformations allow the construction of important ring systems rapidly and efficiently, though additional catalyst development is needed.
Insurance Coverage and Preventive Care Among Adults
Authors:   RTI International, Lines Lisa , Urato Matthew , Halpern Michael , Subramanian Sujha
Published: May 2016

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is intended to provide health insurance to all US citizens, but many people will likely continue to have gaps in their insurance coverage after reform. For this study, we used longitudinal survey data from Panel 11 (2006–2007) of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to examine the effect of gaps in insurance coverage on adults’ receipt of preventive screening. We categorized individuals (n = 8,985) between the ages of 18 and 64 at baseline as continuously insured (private only or any public), intermittently insured, or continuously uninsured. Outcome measures were routine checkup, blood pressure check, cholesterol check, flu shot, sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, mammogram, Pap smear, and an overall composite measure. Logistic regression models controlled for age, sex, race, limited English proficiency, education, urbanicity, census region, income, perceived health, and employment status. Crude rates of receiving preventive services were generally highest for those with public insurance and lowest for the continuously uninsured. In adjusted analyses, having intermittent coverage increased the odds of receiving no preventive services to 1.64 compared with continuous private insurance. Continuously lacking insurance increased the odds of receiving no preventive services to 4.41 compared with continuous private coverage. The effect of intermittent coverage was larger than the effect of race/ethnicity, education, where individuals lived, perceived health status, or employment status. Lack of continuous health insurance is a critical barrier to receiving appropriate health care services. Implementation of the ACA will be less successful if gaps in coverage are not prevented.
Dynamique technologique et politique régionale d’innovation : l’apport de l’analyse statistique des réseaux
Authors: Elouaer-Mrizak Sana , Picard Fabienne
Published: May 2016

La Commission européenne a engagé une politique d’évolution structurelle des régions par le biais de la politique innovation. La spécialisation intelligente est apparue comme un concept phare soulevant des questions théoriques et méthodologiques importantes. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’utiliser la méthodologie d’analyse statistique des réseaux pour caractériser les tendances d’évolution techno-industrielle d’une région et en étudier les conséquences en termes de politique publique d’innovation. L’analyse statistique des réseaux caractérise les interactions entre les entités (nœuds, liens) et permet de suivre la mise en place de ces connexions et la diffusion des technologies. Les données utilisées sont celles des projets d’innovation technologiques déposés dans la région franc-comtoise et ayant reçu un financement public sur la période 2007-2012. Les résultats obtenus contribuent à interroger les modes d’élaboration des politiques publiques d’innovation. Codes JEL : O38, O25
Emerging Biomedical Health Care System by Using Internet of Things
Authors: Suresh Kallam , Babu M. Rajasekhara
Published: May 2016

Internet of Things and Big Data are critical passion to applying medical field. But both field interaction necessary for Bio Medical fields to improve the Doctor efficiency and it helps to serve patients in better way. In this paper mention that what are the important of the Bio Medical field linking with most recent Technology. Scientific relations to delaying with unstructured data analysis. Digital Device integration requirements for patients. Digital way user friendly communication with Doctor to patient. It helpful for finding disease and counseling patient complications reduce. Finally we achieved a better virtual environment creating with Doctor to patients for improving service.
Effects of Different Soccer Boots on Biomechanical Characteristics of Cutting Movement on Artificial Turf
Authors: Sun Dong , Gu Yao Dong , Fekete Gusztáv , Fernandez Justin
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to testing for difference in performance and injury risks between three different outsole configuration soccer boots on artificial turf. Fourteen experienced soccer players performed 45° cut test. They selected soccer boots with artificial ground design (AG), turf cleats boots (TF) and indoor boots (IN) randomly. A Vicon three dimension motion analysis system was used to capture kinematic data and Kistler force platform was used to record the ground reaction force. Novel Pedar-X insole plantar pressure measurement system was utilized to collect the plantar pressure synchronized. During 45° cut, artificial ground design (AG) showed significantly smaller peak knee flexion (p<0.001) and greater abduction angles (p<0.001) than indoor boots (IN). AG showed significantly greater vertical average loading rate (VALR) compared with TF (p=0.005) and IN (p=0.003). The results of plantar pressure found that AG showed the highest peak pressure and force-time integral in the heel (H) and medial forefoot (MFF). Artificial ground design (AG) and turf cleats (TF) may offer a performance benefit on artificial turf compared to IN. In summary, AG may enhance athletic performance on artificial turf, but also may undertake higher risks of non-contact injuries compared with TF and IN.