bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enseñanza de Ecuaciones: Aplicación del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas
Authors: Naranjo-Carrera Manuel Alexis , García-Herrera Darwin Gabriel , Mena-Clerque Sandra Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo tiene la finalidad de determinar de qué manera la aplicación del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas [ABP] puede contribuir al aprendizaje de ecuaciones en Primer año de Bachillerato. La investigación es de tipo explicativa. Se pudo observar que el ABP tuvo una contribución positiva en competencias como: el trabajo en equipo, solución de problemas, además del aporte en cuanto a la motivación del estudiante. Respecto al aprendizaje de los contenidos, la aplicación de la metodología si aportó en cuanto al planteamiento de ecuaciones, sin embargo, en lo referente a la capacidad de resolverlas no se demostró un aporte significativo al emplear la estrategia. De la investigación se puede concluir que el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, aplicado en la enseñanza, y, siguiendo la ruta Aprendizaje-Problema-Solución [APS], coadyuva significativamente en el desarrollo de diversas competencias.
Estrategia didáctica basada en TIC para mejorar el desempeño académico en el área de Matemática
Authors: Semanate-Semanate Doris Elizabeth , Robayo-Jácome Darío Javier
Published: January 2022

Se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de desarrollar una estrategia didáctica basada en las TIC para la mejora del desempeño académico en el área de Matemática en los estudiantes de Segundo Año de Bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa Vicente León de Ecuador. Metodológicamente el estudio se desarrolló desde un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño cuasiexperimental y la aplicación de un pretest, una estrategia de intervención y un postest a una muestra de 60 estudiantes. Con los resultados se tiene que la estrategia didáctica basada en las TIC benefició la apropiación del conocimiento de la matemática, la capacidad de razonamiento crítico, la curiosidad intelectual, el mejoramiento cognitivo, la adquisición de contenidos a través de la teoría, la práctica y la experiencia; metodología que incentiva a los estudiantes en la responsabilidad, siendo parte activa en el entorno virtual.
Competencias Digitales en docentes de Educación inicial: Desafíos en época de pandemia
Authors: Cárdenas-Peralta Cristina Isabel , Ochoa-Encalada Sergio Constantino
Published: January 2022

La pandemia obliga al profesorado a emplear otras formas de educar para enfrentar este gran desafío, por lo tanto, las competencias digitales deben ser una fortaleza para el aprendizaje mediante su utilización, para ello es indispensable que los docentes cuenten con una correcta formación inicial, resultando ser un factor clave para su buen desempeño. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar cuáles son las competencias digitales de docentes de Educación Inicial en la ciudad de Azogues. Para ello se propone un enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental y de corte transversal aplicando una encuesta a las docentes, cuyos resultados arrojaron que los maestros conocen sobre algunas herramientas digitales, pero no saben cómo manejarlas adecuadamente para brindar una educación conjunta entre la tecnología y la pedagogía. Se sugiere brindar talleres de capacitación a los docentes a cerca de diversas metodologías activas y herramientas digitales que sirvan como apoyo para trasmitir aprendizajes significativos.
Interoperabilidad digital en software educativo para la didáctica en la docencia universitaria
Authors: Molina-Chalacan Luis Javier
Published: January 2022

El docente, en los últimos años, ha tenido que incorporar a sus procesos didácticos distintos tipos de software educativos. En las universidades, pese a contar con capacitación sobre gestión de plataformas y herramientas digitales, no existe una dinámica que articule dichos recursos educativos con la didáctica del docente y las necesidades de aprendizaje del estudiante y promueva la tecnología de interoperabilidad digital; por consiguiente, cada vez es más necesario el desarrollo de competencias digitales por parte del docente universitario. Considerando esto, se presenta el artículo generado desde un proceso reflexivo con el propósito de mostrar la propuesta para el desarrollo de competencias en interoperabilidad digital (ID), diseñada para suscitar su fortalecimiento didáctico y, por ende, del quehacer pedagógico de los estudiantes. Esto, a partir de la aplicación de conocimientos relacionados con los procesos didácticos mediados por las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicación (TIC) y la virtualización, que cada día es más evidente su uso.
Analysis of the scientific production on renewable energies within the framework of sustainability in Mexico
Authors: López-Xelo Hilario , Luna-Nemecio Josemauel , Hernández-Medina José Juan
Published: January 2022

With the turn of the 20th century to the 21st, the urgent need to carry out a critique of the current techno-energy pattern, which is based on the intensive use of fossil fuels, becomes more evident. Derived from this productive, energy and material consumption of gas and oil, the conditions have been generated for the configuration of an environmental crisis. In such a way that, there is an urgent need to carry out research that explores the various alternative sources of energy that today appear as an alternative to reduce the negative impact of industrial, agro-industrial and urban activities on the environment. This paper reflects on the problems that exist in Mexico around the development and marginal adoption of renewable energies as a productive source. While 91.2% of energy in Mexico is produced by burning fossil fuels, it can be established that the energy structure in Mexico is unsustainable. For this reason, a change in energy thinking based on efficiency and sustainability is required, considering both as axes for the use of renewable energies. The goals of the article are: 1) to present a context study, analyzing the production of electrical energy with fossil sources in Mexico, alluding to the difficulty of the transition towards the use of renewable energies. Second, the production of renewable energies in the country is analyzed to find out if investment in them is sustainable.
BPM in the analysis of sale energy electric
Authors: González-Ramírez Claudia Teresa , Colín-Morales José Manuel , Valdespino-Mora Rebeca , Sánchez-Rivera Nubelina
Published: January 2022

This article presents the results of an investigation carried out in the agency Zitácuaro for sale of energy, with the BPM ideology which strengthens the processes in an organization, becomes more transparent and manageable by all. In combination with software engineering, they are responsible for transforming, defining, executing and managing processes and tasks, providing solutions and improvements, these transformations based on added value, generating customer satisfaction, so if these transformations are strengthened, It will be influencing process improvements, emphasizing that it provides satisfactory quantitative results. Sales results have been of great impact in the eastern region of Michoacán.
Bioethanol production of second generation from corn cob
Authors: Sandoval-Salas Fabiola , Méndez-Carreto Carlos , Barrales-Fernández Christell , Ortega-Avila Graciela
Published: January 2022

Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic materials has several environmental and economic advantages. In this work, corn cob was used to produce ethanol by fermentation. The cob was grounded, hydrolyzed chemically, and then enzymatically. Later, hydrolysates were used as a carbon source to formulate culture media that were inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae; hollocellulose content was quantified by the ASTM D-1104 method; cellulose content by the TAPPTI 212 method; lignin content by the NREL / TP-510-42618 method; and ethanol was quantified by HPLC. In fermentation, bioethanol yields of up to 3.5 g / L were found, equivalent to YP/S value of 0.46, representing approximately 90% of the theoretical yield.
Analisis Pemicu Kasus Kematian Mendadak Di Tinjau Menurut Ilmu Bantu Hukum Pidana
Authors: Salsabila Kalista Rahma , Rusli Arafat Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Pada penelitian ini membahas tentang analisis pemicu kasus kematian secara mendadak yang ditinjau melalui ilmu bantu hukum pidana yakni ilmu kedokteran forensic. Dalam peranan ilmu forensik ini dapat mempercepat penegak hukum untuk mengungkapkan suatu tindak pindana apakah seseorang yang mati mendadak itu karna pembunuhan, keracunan dan segala macam tindak pidana lainnya. Namun apabila seseorang wafat secara mendadak ini karna memang sudah kondisi tubuhnya maka dapat dikaji berdasarkan ilmu bantu seperti ilmu kedokteran ini. Mengenai ilmu bantu forensik ini meliputi ilmu biologi forensik, kimia forensik, fisika forensik, entomologi forensik, balistik, metalurgi forensik, toksikologi forensik, kriminalistik, odontologi forensik, antropologi forensik, psikiatri forensik, psikologi forensik, patofisologi forensik, dan digital forensik. Penggunaan metode penelitian ini menggunakan yuridis-normatif dengan mengolah data kualitatif yakni menggabungkan bahan-bahan hukum yang sama dengan penelitian ini lalu dibahas sehingga memperoleh kebenaran. Adapun kematian secara tiba-tiba kematian sepanjang 24 tersebut terjalin tanda- tanda yang dirasakan oleh korban sehingga terdapat sebagian pemicu yang dapat jadi alibi hendak terbentuknya kematian tiba- tiba tersebut antara lain merupakan hipertensi, kandas jantung dan lainnya.
Research of heating during surfacing of crane wheels and support rollers
Authors: Korotkov V.A.
Published: January 2022

The surfacing of wheels and rollers with an uneven cross-section leads to an increased heating of the surfaces to be welded, upon cooling of which stresses are formed on a relatively cold product, causing the failure of the part. To prevent such failures, concomitant heating of the disc and rim parts is proposed, provided that the temperature difference with the surface to be welded does not exceed 100 °C.
Keywords: crane wheel, welding stresses, failures.
vk@udgz.ru
Determination of the endurance limit of the surface layer of a part after processing with a blade tool
Authors:   Bezyazychny V.F. Uryadov S.A.
Published: January 2022

The dependences of the quality indicators of the surface layer of parts on the fatigue strength are analyzed. The dependences are given, taking into account both the quality indicators of the surface layer of the part after processing with the blade tool, and the parameters of the processing mode.
Keywords: surface layer, surface roughness, residual stresses, work-hardening depth, endurance limit, blade tool processing.
technology@rsatu.ru
Application of the method of dimensional analysis in laser-shock-wave processing of titanium alloys with shape memory
Authors:   Sakhvadze G.Zh. Sahvadze G.G. Kavtaradze R.Z. Kikvidze O.G.
Published: January 2022

The processes of laser-shock-wave processing of NiTi alloys with shape memory effect are investigated by the methods of dimensional analysis and finite element modeling. The dependences of the depth of the plastic zone on the peak pressure in the shock wave and the duration of the laser pulse are obtained at different peak pressures.
Keywords: shape memory alloys, laser-shock-wave processing, dimensional analysis, residual stresses, plastic zone depth.
sakhvadze@mail.ru
Assessment of external defects at mechanical engineering enterprises
Authors:   Bondareva G.I. Temasova G.N. Leonov O.A. Shkaruba N.Zh. Vergazova Yu.G.
Published: January 2022

The methodology for calculating the constituent elements that form external defects in the manufacture of engineering products is considered. A classic quality control tool, a Pareto chart, is proposed to analyze the causes of defects and their cost. When testing the methodology on the example of the production of gearboxes, it was revealed that the number of defects has a different ranking order relative to the assessment of external losses. For the formation of corrective and preventive actions, it is recommended to use two diagrams at the same time.
Keywords: external defect, losses, quality control tools, Pareto chart.
boss2569@yandex.ru
Pour des institutions de formation des enseignants tournées vers le futur
Authors: Eastes Richard-Emmanuel
Published: January 2022

Les enseignants formés aujourd’hui enseigneront à nos petits et arrière-petits-enfants, qui eux-mêmes exerceront leur vie active jusqu’à l’horizon 2100. On prend la mesure des enjeux quand on pense à l’enseignement reçu par nos arrière-grands-parents, dans un monde qui ne semble pas avoir cessé d’évoluer depuis, loin s’en faut. Réfléchir à l’éducation dont auront besoin les élèves du futur nécessite de commencer dès aujourd’hui à penser également la formation des enseignants du futur, sur la base de la vision simultanée d’un avenir désirable et d’une société adaptée aux transformations du monde. C’est pourquoi nous pensons que les institutions de formation d’enseignants doivent développer une vision prospective forte et pas seulement une stratégie adaptative. Alors, à quoi et comment voulons-nous que soient formé(e)s les enseignant(e)s du XXIe siècle ?
PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH OF FOOD PRODUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION
Authors:   Federal state budgetary scientific institution «Federal scientific center of agrarian economy and social rural development – all-Russian research Institute of agricultural Economics», Moscow, Russia, Kukin Ivan I. , Kukina Maria A. ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2022

The article reveals the main factors of economic growth of food production in modern market conditions and methods of their identification. At the same time, it is proposed to classify the system of eco-nomic growth factors into groups in the context of socio-economic, technological, financial, organizational and managerial directions, in a competitive environment, which will allow more effectively identifying ways of eco-nomic growth in food production.
REGIONAL PROBLEMS OF VEGETABLE GROWING DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia, Magomedov Ali M.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the main trends and problems of the development of the vegetable grow-ing complex of the Republic of Dagestan. The socio-economic importance of this direction is emphasized, especially for the mountainous regions of the republic, including the cultivation of closed ground. The necessity of investment provision of the industry and the use of modern innovative technologies at all stages of product movement along the logistics chain «field-counter» is substantiated. The ways of effective use of available reserves to increase vegetable production in the republic are proposed.
DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC FEED PRODUCTION IN CONDITIONS OF POTENTIAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTY FACTORS
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia, Popov Vasily N. , Bogomolov Irina P. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia, Urazova Olga A. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
Published: January 2022

Modern domestic feed production is developing at a fairly steady pace, which is facilitated by the increase in the volume and scale of production in the livestock sector. Today, domestic agricultural pro-ducers fully provide the domestic market with pork, poultry and egg. the efficiency of the development of the livestock sector depends on the quality of feed and the fattening system by more than 60%. All this proves the relevance and prospects of studying the dynamics of the development of feed production in order to im-prove the manageability of this area of management, organizational support, identify potential risks and de-velop effective solutions to minimize them. As the basic provisions of the study, it is worth noting: key produc-tion segments of the domestic feed industry; production volumes of mixed feeds, premixes, feed additives and concentrates in Russia; market leaders in the production of mixed feeds at the time of 2019.; the reasons for the transition of large companies to self-feed; the negative factors (risks) which impact on sustainable devel-opment of the Russian market of animal feed; scenarios of development of domestic fodder production in the short term (2–3 years) taking into account the most pressing problems and uncertainties (distribution COVID-19; higher prices for imported feed additives; devaluation; grain yield; volatility of prices for raw materials and components, logistics, etc.); substantiation of the prospects for the development of the Russian food complex against the background of the strengthening of the global problem of hunger and food security.
GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROBLEMS OF YOUTH POLICY IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Andreev Alexey I. , Varenik Maria S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Ivanov Dmitry V. ,   Volga State Technological University
Published: January 2022

Youth are the backbone of innovative country and global development. Currently, developed and many developing countries have gone through a demographic transition. As a result, the number of young people is decreasing and the proportion of older people is increasing. At the same time, similar processes are taking place with the social stratum of "innovators", which includes scientists. This circumstance may lead to a long-term and difficult-to-overcome slowdown in economic growth, which Russia and other countries, and possibly the entire global world, have faced. For Russia, the set of solutions to the problem should lie in the plane of increasing the effectiveness of state youth policy by consolidating and strategizing its management in all spheres and industries.
FORMATION OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CLUSTER POLICY IN THE REGION
Authors:   Povolzhsky Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Saratov, Russia, Perzhu Alena A. , Sadykov Ilya B. ,   Povolzhsky Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Saratov, Russia
Published: January 2022

Clustering acts as an additional way of organizing economic development and building an effective state policy in order to increase the competitiveness of the region. This area is of interest for study, since today the problem of building an effective cluster policy in the region is relevant. The formation of an institutional environment for the implementation of cluster policy contributes to the creation and strengthening of sustainable, competitive economic systems. The task of cluster policy is to create unhindered conditions for the integrated development of business projects, fundamental developments and the implementation of production processes. The article suggests mechanisms aimed at creating conditions for the introduction and development of clusters in the region. In order to ensure the conditions for doing business, the following measures act as support mechanisms: the introduction of tax incentives, the creation of a business support system, partnership with federal structures. Also, among the economic measures aimed at improving the investment climate is the cooperation of the region with the Russian Direct Investment Fund, which in turn contributes to attracting investment to the region. In order to develop the cluster and increase its competitive-ness, mechanisms are proposed to eliminate communication barriers that prevent the formation of a cluster. The measures contributing to the development of clusters also include the creation of a Cluster Development Center. The purpose of the establishment of this institute is to support cluster initiatives, develop a cluster implementation project in the region, create an environment conducive to the development of cluster policy, as well as the interaction of potential investors, entrepreneurs, the scientific community, authorities in order to provide the necessary conditions to support cluster development in the region.
THE ROLE OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS IN THE TRANSITION TO THE SIXTH TECHNOLOGICAL ORDER (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN)
Authors:   Kazan Cooperative Institute (branch of ANOO in the Central Committee of the Russian Federation «Russian University of Cooperation»), Kazan, Russia, Khvalyov Kirill S.
Published: January 2022

The article examines that new technologies generate new social relations that make the tran-sition to the sixth technological order inevitable. It was announced that each transition was accompanied by wars, as a tool for changing the elite with an already old enough worldview picture of the world for current innovations, but still young enough to retain power in the system of the current technological structure. It is proposed that the preparation in advance eliminates the need for social upheavals, the preparation tools will be the cheapest protein foods in the world from the synthesis of hydrocarbons, and in the transition to the "digital" – the monopolization of cash through the exchange.
CUSTOMER BANKING REGULATION PROSPECTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Ershtukaeva Madina Z.
Published: January 2022

The paper examines customer banking and the prospects for regulation in the process of financial transformation. The drivers of financial transformation identified and substantiated. The activity of the regulatory bodies of the banking sector in direct interaction with the mega-regulator (the Central Bank) analyzed. The regulatory changes concerning the banking industry and the problems of the implementing process that arise with them are considered. In conclusion, the author proposed: to determine the banking regulatory agenda; carry out consistent implementation of new rules (standards), and analyze the conse-quences of their implementation; monitor and adapt to the risks posed by the financial transformation in the context of Covid-19.
FACTORS AND STRATEGY OF STIMULATING ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN THE REGION
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia, Ignatiev Vladimir G. , Shamsutdinova Marina R. ,   Kazan Cooperative Institute, Kazan, Russia
Published: January 2022

Today, the sustainable development of any region of the Russian Federation is impossible without effective investment activity. It is the active investment activity of a particular subject of the Russian Federation that is a prerequisite for its development. Attracting investments to the region is a key task, which actualizes the study of the theoretical and methodological features of the investment attractiveness of the region and its criteria. The article summarizes the conceptual apparatus of investment attractiveness and systematizes the criteria of investment attractiveness.
ABOUT ONE-DIMENSIONAL CASES OF CUTTING MATERIALS
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia, Kozhemyakina E. V.
Published: January 2022

The cost part, which is formed during the manufacture, processing and production of final products, is an important aspect in any industrial enterprise. The paper sets the task of optimal cutting, which consists in choosing one or more ways of cutting the material and determining how much material should be cut using each of the selected methods. In the current study, a one-dimensional case of cutting materials is considered, an objective function is found that ensures optimal production and redistribution of material, al-lowing minimizing the cost part of production. Tasks of this type are used in metallurgy and mechanical engi-neering, forestry, timber processing, light industry.
TOPICAL ISSUES OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF TAX CONTROL
Authors:   North Ossetian State University after K. L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia, Tokaeva Bella B. , Tokaevа Albina B. ,   North Ossetian State University after K. L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia, Bagaev Batraz E. ,   North Ossetian State University after K. L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia
Published: January 2022

This paper based on an analytical review, the main stages of the formation of the taxation system in Russia are revealed in order to systematize knowledge about the history of the formation of taxation, which allow further understanding of the structure and principles of the functioning of the tax system in Russia. The problem of tax collection and administration and related tax theory and practice are receiving more and more attention in the scientific community both at home and abroad. The main trends of the tax legislation of 2021 are considered
CLUSTER APPROACH AS A TOOL FOR INCREASING REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS
Authors:   Povolzhsky Institute of Management - branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Saratov, Russia, Perzhu Alena A. , Sadykov Ilya B. ,   Povolzhsky Institute of Management - branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Saratov, Russia
Published: January 2022

The article considers the cluster approach as a tool for improving regional competitiveness. Clustering is a central element of increasing economic growth and competitiveness of the territory. The asso-ciation of economic entities in related fields has a positive impact on economic performance and innovation. The article characterizes the influence of the socio-economic environment of the region on the cluster by the following factors: technological, socio-cultural, economic, legislative and political factors. Factors determine the conditions under which the task environment affects the cluster. The influence of the cluster on the socio-economic development of the region is considered. Based on the adjacency criterion, the cluster elements were combined into six blocks, each of which reflects a certain channel and influence factor: information and innovation, technical and production, economic and managerial, resource, spatial and logistical, socio-cultural.
TOOLS FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia, Domenko Yurii Yu.
Published: January 2022

Based on the analysis of scientific literature, as well as legal documents, it can be noted that today strategic planning of the socio-economic development of the region does not have a normative system of tools. In this paper, the author proposes to include in the system of tools for strategic planning of socio-economic develop-ment of the region such tools as: correlation and regression analysis, factor and variance analysis.
DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE REGIONS OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE LEVEL OF THEIR FINANCIAL POTENTIAL
Authors:   Luzin Institute for Economic Studies – Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre «Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Apatity, Russia, Ulchenko M. V. , Ponomarev N. V. ,   Luzin Institute for Economic Studies – Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre «Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Apatity, Russia
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the study of issues related to determining the level of economic secu-rity of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. In practice, several methods of assessing economic security are used, but for practical comparison of regions by their level of economic security, the method of comparative analysis is the most preferable. The essence of this method is to identify a group of indicators and calculate the total value of the final indicator. At the same time, the largest "weight" of all indi-cators falls on the indicator reflecting the financial potential of the region. This is due to the fact that without sufficient financial support, the tasks facing regional authorities, which consist primarily in ensuring sustaina-ble development, become difficult to accomplish.
Dyplomacja obronna nowym instrumentem kształtowania bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego. Obszary działań think tanków w zakresie dyplomacji obronnej
Authors: Olszyk Sabina
Published: January 2022

The change in the nature and ways of using military force in international politics at the end of the 20th century led to the development of new methods of cooperation between states. The circle of entities influencing diplomatic activities, apart from political and military institutions, expanded to include also civil and non-governmental centers. This raised questions about the scale of their actual impact on shaping international security and about the areas in which they were most active. This article aims to present the activities of Polish think tanks for defense diplomacy. Assuming that they showed commitment in this respect, the areas of activities they undertook were identified and the recipients to which they were addressed were pointed out. The analysis was based on data obtained as a result of a survey conducted at the turn of 2019-2020 on a group of fifteen Polish expert think tanks2 operating in the field of international relations, political science, and security and defense. The research used a comparative method (comparative studies), content analysis and a survey method. The tool with which the study was conducted was an electronic questionnaire developed in the Survio program. For the purposes of these analyzes, a hypothesis was adopted that non-political entities in the form of think tanks play an important role in activities for security. They address their activities to political, military and social circles, but the public and scientific circles benefit to the greatest extent from their expert potential.
Zanieczyszczenie powietrza jako zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego w Polsce – w świetle teorii sekurytyzacji
Authors: Stryjek Joanna
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, air pollution constitutes one of the most serious threats to human health and life. Poland belongs to the group of countries with the highest level of air pollution in the EU and OECD. The scale of the threat posed by air pollution shows its importance when it comes to the health security of the Polish citizens. However, the ongoing (political and scientific) debate on health security in Poland often ignores the problem of air pollution. The aim of the article is to 1) assess the threat currently posed by air pollution to health security in Poland, 2) locate the threat in the area of health security, and 3) analyse the process of transferring the problem of air pollution from the sphere of politics to the area of security, in accordance with the theory of securitization, developed by the Copenhagen School of Security Studies. Qualitative analysis of documents together with the application of the theory of securitization show that, in Poland, the state has started to play the role of an actor securitizing air pollution as an existential threat. Nevertheless, this process is at an early stage, and its further success depends, inter alia, on decisions and possibilities related to taking extraordinary measures to eliminate the threat posed by air pollution.
Presentation of Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma and Colorectal Carcinoma in the Context of Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome (CMMRD): a Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Basheer Muhammad Irfan , Rana Iftikhar Ali , Sheikh Umer Nisar , Yusuf Muhammed Aasim , Sindhu Irfana Ishaq , Loya Asif
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease-carrying an increased risk of cancers (pediatric tumors of central nervous system, haemato-lymphoid malignancies along with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer(s), which are usually seen in the second and third decade) leading to syndromic presentation. Causal mutations are detected in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, including MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6 that are also known for their established role in Lynch syndrome. We describe a case of CMMRD with an earlier (first decade of life) presentation of mediastinal acute lymphoblastic lymphoma and colorectal malignancy. Case Presentation: A five-year-old boy presented with respiratory complaints, bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, multiple café au lait macules (CALMs) on the lower back, history of parental consanguinity with the death of three sisters due to brain tumor within 6 months of diagnosis. Computerized tomographic (CT) scan chest revealed a huge mediastinal mass. The patient underwent a trucut-biopsy of the mass. The results were significant for a pre T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma. Suspicion of CMMRD was raised based on a combination of factors described above. A panel of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins was applied on the biopsy tissue that revealed loss of nuclear expression of MLH1 and PMS2 immunostaining in tumor cells with positive external controls. While on maintenance therapy for lymphoma, about a year later, the patient developed sub-acute intestinal obstruction due to a stenosing polypoidal circumferential tumor in the mid-sigmoid colon found on flexible sigmoidoscopy that was followed by endoscopic biopsies and insertion of a fully-covered self-expanding metallic adult biliary stent with a diameter of 10 mm and length of 6 cm leading to immediate relief of obstruction. Biopsies revealed adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. Metastatic tumor deposits were seen in the omentum, anterior abdominal wall, and the left peritoneal wall. Practical Implications: Earlier (first decade) presentation of gastrointestinal malignancy warrants that an earlier screening through radiological scans for any possible tumors and MMR protein expression analysis (loss in tumor plus normal non-tumor cells) are essential in patients having CALMs and family history of pediatric tumors.
Unusual Presentation of Treated Colon Cancer with Extramural Venous Invasion: a Case Report
Authors: Javed Ainy , Ali Afaque , Siddique Kashif , Zainab Iqra
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Colon cancer is one of the leading malignancies globally and continues to be one of the most typical causes of cancer-related mortality. The clinical outcome of the disease depends on the primary tumor stage, regional nodal involvement, and distant disease dissemination. It often presents with hematogenous spread to the liver at the time of diagnosis. Another factor for increased mortality is the presence of extramural venous invasion (EMVI). This is exceedingly important as it has significant prognostic significance and helps predict survival. Case Description: A middle-aged female with a recent history of cesarean delivery presented with abdominal pain and occasional constipation, which led to a series of investigations. Initial Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed proximal to mid transverse colonic tumoral thickening with locoregional lymphadenopathy and solitary distant metastasis in the left hepatic lobe. This was followed by extended right hemicolectomy and hepatic metastasectomy.  The patient remained on follow-up and later presented with thrombus formation in the splenoportal circulation. Initially, this was considered a bland thrombus, and the patient was advised a close follow-up. However, the patient was lost to follow and later presented with extensive thrombosis of the portal and splenic veins. Practical Implications: Confident differentiation of the bland versus malignant thrombosis is crucial to ascertain disease stage and appropriate management. Invasive tissue sampling gives a confident diagnosis of benign versus malignant thrombus. However, using a noninvasive imaging modality, we can still distinguish between the two with reasonable certainty.
Secondary Trigeminal Neuralgia: a Case Report and Literature Review of Red Flags
Authors: Nasir Khawaja Shehryar , Naveed Muhammad Atif
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is characterized by recurrent paroxysmal brief episodes of electric shock-like pain along the trigeminal nerve distribution. Based on the underlying cause, current classification systems have classified TN into idiopathic, classical, and secondary TN. This manuscript presents a case report of a patient seen in the clinic with features of trigeminal neuralgia secondary to an intracranial lesion. Case description: A 39-year-old female presented to the clinic with a 15-month history of severe, intermittent, short-lasting episodes of pain affecting the left lower teeth, jaw, nose, and temporal region. The patient reported familiar shock-like pain during the physical examination when the skin of the left ala of the nose was lightly touched. The rest of the clinical examination was non-significant. The magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed an approximately 20 mm wide lesion at the level of the cerebellopontine angle. After subsequent tests, the lesion was diagnosed as meningioma, and the patient was treated with stereotactic radiation therapy. Practical Implications: In up to 10 % of TN cases, the underlying cause can be due to a brain tumor. Although persistent pain, sensory or motor nerve dysfunction, gait disturbances, and other neurological signs may concurrently exist, raising a red flag for intracranial pathology, patients often present with pain alone as the heralding symptom of a brain tumor. Due to this, it is imperative that all patients suspected of having TN undergo an MRI of the brain as part of the diagnostic work-up.
Infantile T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: a Case Report
Authors: Baig Natasha , Muhammad Sadia , Shaikh Sumaira
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children, with a male predominance. Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia is usually of B-cell lineage; T-cell leukemia is uncommon and extremely rare under one year of age. Mixed-lineage leukemia gene rearrangement is the best-known hallmark of infantile leukemia and is a poor prognostic indicator. While multi-agent high dose chemotherapy remains the first line of treatment for pediatric T-ALL, there are numerous side effects of these regimens, and most patients undergo relapse. Due to the rarity of the disease, treatment protocols for infantile T-ALL have not been established to date. Clinical description: We present a case of a 7-month-old Pakistani male that presented with fever and cough and was subsequently diagnosed with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. T-ALL was diagnosed on flow cytometry. Due to poor prognosis, the patient was assigned palliative care. Practical implications: Management of infantile leukemia has yet to be studied in-depth. With a lack of clear treatment guidelines, the approach towards these patients remains challenging. Further research and clinical trials in this area of study are paramount to improving clinical outcomes for these young patients.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Bercakap-Cakap
Authors: Hayati Tuti , Hidayat Heri , Nuri Nur Ilahiah
Published: January 2022

Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan melalui kegiatan observasi diperoleh informasi dari guru RA Bustanul Aulad bahwa di kelompok A RA Bustanul Aulad terdapat  4 dari  7 anak yang  mengalami  hambatan kemampuan berbicara. Hal ini terlihat dari respon anak terhadap pertanyaan sederhana yang disampaikan oleh guru pada saat pembelajaran berlangsung, tidak semua anak mampu menjawab pertanyaan bahkan ada anak yang cenderung diam dan tidak merespon pertanyaan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui: 1) Kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini sebelum diterapkan metode bercakap-cakap di kelompok A RA Bustanul Aulad Permata Biru Cileunyi Bandung; 2) Penerapan metode bercakap-cakap di kelompok A RA Bustanul Aulad Permata Biru Cileunyi Bandung pada setiap siklus; dan 3) Kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini setelah diterapkan metode bercakap-cakap di kelompok A RA Bustanul Aulad Permata Biru Cileunyi Bandung pada setiap siklus. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan pendekatan gabungan dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi dan unjuk kerja.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode bercakap-cakap mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini. Hal ini terbukti berdasarkan analisis data, bahwa kemampuan berbicara anak sebelum diterapkan metode bercakap-cakap memperoleh nilai rata-rata 40.91 dengan kategori gagal. Selanjutnya, kemampuan berbicara anak setelah diterapkan metode bercakap-cakap pada siklus I diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 51.14 dengan kategori kurang. Sedangkan pada siklus II memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 70.62 dengan kategori baik. Dengan demikian hipotesis yang diajukan diterima, artinya metode bercakap-cakap terbukti dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara anak di kelompok A RA Bustanul Aulad Permata Biru Cileunyi Bandung.
Sustainable Development Goals and India’s Commitment to Gender Justice
Authors: JAMEEL ANAS , Ahmed Waseem
Published: January 2022

Sustainable Development Goals are a set of seventeen interconnected objectives to achieve a sustainable future for all. They take a holistic and multidimensional approach to development to alter our planet by addressing humanity's many difficulties. It is an essential component of all aspects of inclusive and long-term growth. Women need to have equal rights and opportunities and live without fear of prejudice or violence. Goal five expressly mentions gender equality as one of the SDGs. Discriminatory laws must be changed and legislation enacted to advance equality proactively to achieve the goals. Gender-based violence is a top priority for governments all across the world. India is dedicated to promoting equality for all of its residents. The Indian Constitution's Preamble, Fundamental Rights, and State Policy Directive Principles express a strong commitment to gender equality. Also, India is the signatory of UN Conventions like CEDAW, where its pledge towards gender justice is evident. Furthermore, India has incorporated various domestic laws in pursuance of its responsibility towards Gender Justice. However, in India, Discrimination against women remains a profound issue despite reforms in various laws and different policies. Several concerns like female labor force participation, crimes against women, education among women, and discrimination are evident.  This paper mainly throws light on the status of Gender Justice in India. It will help the stakeholders working on SDGs and Gender justice in policy development. It will highlight the gains and gaps that India has so far accomplished and encountered.
An Increase in TNF-α Levels in Fetus due to Prenatal Ischemic Hypoxia
Authors: Indriawati Ratna , Risdiana Nurvita , Wibowo Tunjung
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Prenatal ischemic hypoxia can increase mortality and morbidity and affect the immune system. One of the immune responses is tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. However, the cellular mechanism of immune response abnormalities due to prenatal hypoxia remains unclear. An 11–17-day-old fetus is a sensitive period of neural development. Brain ischemia will cause cell dysfunction and can even affect TNF-α levels. Thus, how prenatal ischemic hypoxia increases TNF-α levels in the fetus remains unclear.
AIM: This study aims to examine the effect of the onset and duration of prenatal ischemic hypoxia on TNF-α levels.
METHODOLOGY: An experimental study with a post-test control design was conducted. Thirty Rattus norvegicus were induced with prenatal ischemic hypoxia (embryos aged 7, 12, and 17 days). The independent variable was prenatal ischemic hypoxia, while the dependent variable was TNF-α levels. TNF-α was measured using the ELISA technique and was carried out when the fetus was 19 days old (E19). The TNF-α was analyzed using ANOVA, and the limit of significance was set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS: The TNF-α levels in the prenatal ischemic hypoxia group were statistically higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). The more the onset and the longer the ischemic hypoxia is, the higher the TNF-level (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The prenatal ischemic hypoxia increased TNF-α levels in the fetus.
L'État et les stratégies du territoire
Authors: Minghi Julian Vincent
Published: January 2022

L’article traite de l’évolution des approches reltives aux problèmes des régions métropolitaines américaines depuis trente ans en s’appuyant sur l’exemple de la région métropolitaine de Columbia, en Caroline du Sud. Au départ, on estimait que la partie centrale de l’agglomération et sa périphérie devaient faire face à des problèmes liés. On prend de plus en plus conscience de l’écart qui se creuse entre les banlieues modernes, à orientation nationale, et les aires anciennes. Cela modifie complètement la nature des problèmes de contrôle au sein des aires métropolitaines américaines.
Le paquet de cigarettes : un support de communication au service de l’industrie du tabac ou de la prévention des comportements tabagiques ?
Authors: Gallopel-Morvan Karine
Published: January 2022

Alors que les activités publicitaires des industriels du tabac sont réduites en France grâce à la loi Evin, les cigarettiers ont misé sur le paquet de cigarettes pour maintenir l’image de leurs marques et développer leurs parts de marché. Dans ce contexte et pour prévenir les comportements tabagiques, l’OMS préconise un paquet de cigarettes « neutre » (exempt des logos, couleurs, images), et l’apposition de messages sanitaires sur les emballages des produits du tabac. Le marketing social critique analyse les stratégies marketing déployées par les industriels et les outils de prévention susceptibles de les contrer, en interrogeant en particulier le rôle des messages sanitaires.
Gérard Blanchard & Communication & langages : une pensée vivante
Authors: Goyet Samuel , Tadier Elsa , Vignon Virginie
Published: January 2022

Cet article propose de mettre en évidence la dynamique intellectuelle qui a lié, pendant 25 ans, Communication & langages et Gérard Blanchard (1927-1994), membre fondateur et figure emblématique de la revue qui a fêté ses 50 ans en 2012. À cette occasion, Communication & langages a réuni une équipe de trois doctorants afin que soient évalués le positionnement et le poids de Blanchard dans la revue. Le propos s’articule autour de trois axes permettant d’entrer progressivement dans la mise en œuvre de sa pensée. C’est par le graphisme, véritable rubrique phare de la revue tant par son poids quantitatif que par la diversité des sujets qui y sont abordés, que se met en place le lien instituant entre Blanchard et la revue. Cette collaboration s’inscrit dans l’espace même de Communication & langages sous forme d’une démarche intellectuelle conçue comme système dont les modalités d’expression et d’appréhension sont toutes orientées autour des pratiques d’écriture. L’approche systémique de Gérard Blanchard s’étoile dans plusieurs directions qui sont autant de thèmes à décortiquer et à réinvestir.
Éléments pour une « sémiotique du genre »
Authors: Julliard Virginie
Published: January 2022

Cet article entend contribuer à fonder méthodologiquement une « sémiotique du genre » en SIC. Celle-ci désigne la manière dont la démarche sémiotique construit le genre comme objet de recherche et s’en saisit comme concept. Le genre résulte du processus paradoxal de construction/naturalisation de la différence des sexes mais n’en est pas moins travaillé par les individus à travers leurs discours, notamment. Objet transversal, il bénéficie de l’ouverture disciplinaire d’une sémiotique ancrée dans une perspective communicationnelle et de méthodes éprouvées pour saisir le sens dans la complexité de son élaboration. Réciproquement, le genre renverse la perspective de la sémiotique, l’amenant à considérer les rapports de sexe qui structurent le sens. Une recherche sur la construction du genre dans un site de rencontres amicales entre seniors illustre l’intérêt de cette démarche.