bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Thought Experiment on Sustainable Management of the Earth System
Authors: Heitzig Jobst , Barfuss Wolfram , Donges Jonathan F.
Published: May 2018

We introduce and analyse a simple formal thought experiment designed to reflect a qualitative decision dilemma humanity might currently face in view of climate change. In it, each generation can choose between just two options, either setting humanity on a pathway to certain high wellbeing after one generation of suffering, or leaving the next generation in the same state as this one with the same options, but facing a continuous risk of permanent collapse. We analyse this abstract setup regarding the question of what the right choice would be both in a rationality-based framework including optimal control, welfare economics and game theory, and by means of other approaches based on the notions of responsibility, safe operating spaces, and sustainability paradigms. Despite the simplicity of the setup, we find a large diversity and disagreement of assessments both between and within these different approaches.
Models of Forecasting in Financial Analysis of Non-Financial Corporations
Authors: Litavcová Eva , Jenčová Sylvia , Štefko Róbert
Published: May 2018

Corporate Diagnosis is now recognized as an important tool by decision makers to predict and correct burgeoning problems that a corporation may face. Methods based on this model stem from the use of mathematics and are increasingly being applied in the analysis of production processes. The goal of this paper is to use a logistic regression to design a scoring model for non-financial corporations in industry. Based on the data obtained from the Registry of the Slovak Republic for 738 non-financial corporations, according to SK NACE 26, SK NACE 27, the proportional financial metrics, using the logistic regression method, were calculated. By applying these methods, two logistic regression models were found to reliably estimate the probability of bankruptcy for a firm.
A Simplified View on Entropic Gravity
Authors: Roza Engel
Published: May 2018

In this article a simplified view is given on Verlinde’s entropic gravity. It reveals several shortcomings in the theory. This holds in particular for the inclusion of the dark matter effect in the derived modified expression for the Newtonian gravitational acceleration. Although the merit of the entropic view on gravity is recognized, the proposed explicit axiomatic hypothesis as a basis is criticized. There is no reason why it should be preferred above Einstein’s Field Equation.
Characterization of Phosphorus in a Toposequence of Subtropical Perhumid Forest Soils Facing a Subalpine Lake
Authors: Shiau Yo-Jin , Pai Chung-Wen , Tsai Jeng-Wei , Liu Wen-Cheng , Yam Rita S.W. , Chang Shih-Chieh , Tang Sen-Lin , Chiu Chih-Yu
Published: May 2018

The productivity of forests is often considered to be limited by the availability of phosphorus (P). Knowledge of the role of organic and inorganic P in humid subtropical forest soils is lacking. In this study, we used chemical fractionation and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to characterize the form of P and its distribution in undisturbed perhumid Chamaecyparis forest soils. The toposequence of transects was investigated for the humic layer from summit to footslope and lakeshore. The clay layer combined with a placic-like horizon in the subsoil may affect the distribution of soil P because both total P and organic P (Po) contents in all studied soils decreased with soil depth. In addition, Po content was negatively correlated with soil crystalline Fe oxide content, whereas inorganic P (Pi) content was positively correlated with soil crystalline Fe oxide content and slightly increased with soil depth. Thus, Pi may be mostly adsorbed by soil crystalline Fe oxides in the soils. Among all extractable P fractions, the NaOH-Po fraction appeared to be the major component, followed by NaHCO3-Po; the resin-P and HCl-Pi fractions were lowest. In addition, we found no typical trend for Pi and Po contents in soils with topographical change among the three sites. From the 31P-NMR spectra, the dominant Po form in soils from all study sites was monoesters with similar spectra. The 31P-NMR findings were basically consistent with those from chemical extraction. Soil formation processes may be the critical factor affecting the distribution of soil P. High precipitation and year-round high humidity may be important in the differentiation of the P species in this landscape.
Octyl Gallate as an Intervention Catalyst to Augment Antifungal Efficacy of Caspofungin
Authors: Kim Jong H. , Chan Kathleen L. , Cheng Luisa W.
Published: May 2018

Filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus spp. are opportunistic pathogens, which cause highly invasive infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Control of such fungal pathogens is increasingly problematic due to the small number of effective drugs available for treatment. Moreover, the increased incidence of fungal resistance to antifungal agents makes this problem a global human health issue. The cell wall integrity system of fungi is the target of antimycotic drugs echinocandins, such as caspofungin (CAS). However, echinocandins cannot completely inhibit the growth of filamentous fungal pathogens, which results in survival/escape of fungi during treatment. Chemosensitization was developed as an alternative intervention strategy, where co-application of CAS with the intervention catalyst octyl gallate (OG; chemosensitizer) greatly enhanced CAS efficacy, thus achieved ≥ 99.9% elimination of filamentous fungi in vitro. Based on hypersensitive responses of Aspergillus antioxidant mutants to OG, it is hypothesized that, besides destabilizing cell wall integrity, the redox-active characteristic of OG may further debilitate fungal antioxidant system.
A Study on Photostability of Amphetamines and Ketamine in Hair Irradiated under Artificial Sunlight
Authors: Miolo Giorgia , Tucci Marianna , Menilli Luca , Stocchero Giulia , Vogliardi Susanna , Scrivano Salvatore , Montisci Massimo , Favretto Donata
Published: May 2018

Background: Drug incorporated in hair are exposed to the environment and to cosmetic and chemical treatments, with possible decrease of their content. Knowledge concerning the effect of sun light on drug content in hair can be helpful to the forensic toxicologist, in particular when investigating on drug concentrations above or below pre-determined cut-offs. Materials and Methods: Twenty authentic positive hair samples were selected that had previously tested positive for amphetamines and/or ketamine. Washed hairs were divided into two identical strands: the former was exposed at 765 W/m2 (310–800 nm spectrum of irradiance) for 48 hours in a solar simulator, the latter was kept in the dark. Hair samples were extracted and analyzed by LC-HRMS detection. The percent photodegradation was calculated for each analyte (amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylendioxyamphetamine methylendioxymethamphetamine, ketamine, norketamine). In parallel, photodegradation processes of standard molecules dissolved in aqueous and organic solutions were studied. Results: In 20 hair samples positive for the targeted analytes, exposure to artificial sun light induced an appreciable decrease of drug concentrations. The concentration ranges in the non-irradiated hair samples were 0.01–24 ng/mg; 65% of samples exhibited a decrease in post-irradiation samples, with reduction from 3% to 100%. When more drugs were present in the same hair sample (e.g, MDMA and ketamine) the degradation yields were compound dependent. A degradation product induced by irradiation of ketamine in aqueous and methanol solutions was identified; it was also found to be present in a true positive hair sample after irradiation. Conclusions: Ketamine, amphetamines and their metabolites incorporated in hair of drug users undergo degradation when irradiated by artificial sunlight. Only for ketamine a photoproduct was identified in irradiated standard solutions and in true positive irradiated hair. When decisional cut-offs are applied to hair analysis, photodegradation must be taken into account since sunlight may produce false negative results. Moreover, new markers could be investigated as evidence of illicit drug use.
Mycorrhiza Fungus Rhizophagus intraradices Mediates Drought Tolerance in Eleusine coracana Seedlings
Authors: Tyagi Jaagriti , Shrivastava Neeraj , Sharma A. K. , Varma Ajit , Pudake Ramesh Namdeo
Published: May 2018

Under abiotic stress conditions, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi help plants by improving nutrient and water uptake. Finger millet is an arid crop having soils with poor water holding capacity. Therefore, it is difficult for the plants to obtain water and mineral nutrients from the soil to sustain life. To understand the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in water and mineral up-take from the soil, we studied the role of Rhizophagus intraradices colonization and its beneficial role for drought stress tolerance in finger millet seedling. Under severe drought stress condition, AM inoculation led to the significant increase in plant growth (7%), phosphorus, and chlorophyll content (29%). Also, the level of osmolytes including proline and soluble sugars were found in higher quantities in AM inoculated seedlings under drought stress. Under water stress, the lipid peroxidation in leaves of mycorrhized seedlings was reduced by 29%. The flavonoid content of roots in AM colonized seedlings was found 16% higher compared to the control, whereas the leaves were accumulated more phenol. Compared to the control, ascorbate level was found to be 25% higher in leaf tissue of AM inoculated seedlings. Moreover, glutathione (GSH) level was increased in mycorrhiza inoculated seedlings with a maximum increment of 182% under severe stress. The results demonstrated that AM provided drought tolerance to the finger millet seedlings through a stronger root system, greater photosynthetic efficiency, a more efficient antioxidant system and improved osmoregulation.
Physical and Numerical Analysis of Bioclimatic Strategies Implemented on Social Housing
Authors: Real-Ramirez Cesar Augusto , Velazquez-Soto Jose Maria , Orduña-Martinez Rosalba , Gonzalez-Trejo Jesus Isidro
Published: May 2018

This paper presents the results of aerodynamical performance research focused on maintaining the thermal comfort and increasing the energy efficiency of a typical social housing unit located in a high-density urban area. Bioclimatic design strategies are used to develop a sustainable and economic technology in existing housing clusters in Mexico City. A full-scale prototype, built on campus facilities, was used to study the flow conditions around the design. All scaled prototypes implement similar criterion. Furthermore, a scaled prototype is evaluated within a low speed wind tunnel installation. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed at transient state based on previous physical measurements and historical local climatic conditions to determine preferable modifications.
Generalized Topological Notions by Operators
Authors: Ibedou Ismail
Published: May 2018

In this paper, it is introduced the notion of r-fuzzy β-Ti, i = 0, 1, 2 separation axioms related to a fuzzy operator β on the initial set X which is a generalization of previous fuzzy separation axioms. An r-fuzzy α-connectedness related to a fuzzy operator α on the set X is introduced which is a generalization of many types of r-fuzzy connectedness. An r-fuzzy α-compactness related to a fuzzy operator α on the set X is introduced which is a generalization of many types of fuzzy compactness.
Markov Chain and Techno-Economic Analysis to Identify the Commercial Potential of New Technology: A Case Study of Motorcycle in Surakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Sutopo Wahyudi , Kurniyati Indah , Zakaria Roni
Published: May 2018

LiFePO4 (LFP) or Lithium-ion battery with its advantages compared to common current motorcycle battery is an appropriate alternative in substituting wet and dry cell battery. Huge amount of demand of motorcycle along with the battery in Indonesia also make it an interesting product for business. In order to assess the commercial potential for such a new technology, market share needs to be estimated as well as the techno-economic feasibility. Hence, market share prediction using the residents of Surakarta Region and techno-economic analysis using NPV, IRR and PBP indicators have been conducted in this study. Calculation using markov chain method shows that LFP battery tends to dominate the market after certain period. Techno-economic analysis also figures out that the commercialization is feasible in three conditions - first mover, even with market leader and equilibrium point. Therefore, there is a great commercial potential for LFP battery especially in Indonesia.
Acoustic Metamaterials in Aeronautics
Authors: Palma Giorgio , Mao Huina , Burghignoli Lorenzo , Göransson Peter , Iemma Umberto
Published: May 2018

Metamaterials, man-made composites scaled smaller than the wavelength, have demonstrated a huge potential in their applications in acoustics, opening up for sub--wavelength acoustic absorbers, acoustic invisibility, perfect acoustic mirrors and acoustic lenses for hyper focusing, acoustic illusions and enabling new degrees of freedom in the control of the acoustic field. The zero, or even negative, refractive sound index of metamaterials offers possibilities in control of the acoustic pattern and sound at sub--wavelength scales. Despite the tremendous growth of the research on acoustic metamaterials during the last decade, the potential of metamaterial-based technologies in aeronautics is still not fully explored and its utilization is still in its infancy. Thus the principal concepts mentioned above could very well provide means to develop devices that would allow the mitigation of the impact of the civil aviation noise on the community. This paper gives a review of the state of the art of the most relevant works on acoustic metamaterials, analyzing them against their potential applicability in aeronautics, and in this process identifying possible implementation areas and interesting metabehaviors. It also identifies some technical challenges and possible future directions for research with the goal of unveiling the potential of metamaterials technologies in aeronautics.
HUMOR DAN KOMEDI DALAM SEBUAH KILAS BALIK SEJARAH
Authors: Yunus Anis Muhammad
Published: May 2018

This paper describes the brief history of Humour in Arabs from (1) the earlier preIslamic period, (2) the Islamic period, (3) the medieval Arabic Literature (Abbasid), and (4) Mamaluke, Fatimid, Ayyubid, and Ottoman periods. This paper will try to show that
Arabic literature is rife with the unique taste of Arabs in humour and comedy. Finally, the result of data analysis shows that humour in the earlier pre-Islamic period and the Islamic period is used dominantly at satirical poem which is called hija‟. But in the medieval period until Ottoman period, Arabic humour and comedy has been spreading to the modern prose, shuch as romantic novel, elegant style of fable, public theater – shadow play and some of elegiac short stories.
INFLEKSI VERBA DASAR BERPOLA FA‘ALA-YAF‘ULU DALAM KAMUS AL-MUNAWWIR ARAB-INDONESIA: TINJAUAN MORFOLOGI
Authors: Tri Yanti Nurul Hidayati Fathiyaturrohmah,
Published: May 2018

The changing process of word occured in three forms :  the basic forms , the lexical identity , and the word category status. The process that resulted other forms of the word with sama lexical identity is caled by flexion and inflexion , or at-tashrif in arabic term. There are supporting processes in the changing of Arabic verb such as i‘lal (vocalization), idgham (elipsis), dan ibdal (mutation). The research explains about changing of the basic verbs of form patterned faala–yaf'ulu in inflection in al-Munawwir Arabic-Indonesia dictionary. The providing of data in this research through observation by using languages of basic trilitteral verbs in al-Munawwir  Arabic-Indonesia dictionary is using taking apart as basic technique, and noted as advanced techniques. Distributional methods were used to analyze the data, by using the technique for direct items as the basic techniques, as well as the technique of disappeared and change as advanced technique. The result of the basic verb inflection patterned fa'ala-yaf'ulu in al-Munawwir ArabicIndonesia dictionary itheproces of changing the form of verbs in fa'ala-yaf'ulu patterned inflection is i‘lal "defection‟ and idgham ‘incorporation‟. As for the least amount found on the letter waw number of 2 verbs, and there are two letter with no verb fa'ala-yaf'ulu those are letter zha' and ya'.
PEMIKIRAN KALIGRAFI ARAB DI INDONESIA
Authors: Farkhan Mujahidin M.
Published: May 2018

Arabic calligraphy as an art form distinctively Islamic in its development continues to progress, both in terms of form, writing, style, visualization, and media usage trends. Research on Arabic calligraphy is intended to determine the development of Arabic calligraphy in Indonesia by presenting a glimpse of history in the Middle East until in Indonesia. Data were obtained from a review of literature and direct observation, as well as the sources of literature and internet, studies done using qualitative methods based on quantitative data obtained. Results showed that the development of Arabic calligraphy in Indonesia towards metamorphosis, transformation and paradigm forms in accordance with the spirit of the age. Changes in cultural traditions characterized by the development of civilization increasingly open and reveal that calligraphy in Indonesia continues to grow following the movement of culture in other aspects of the broader, he was instrumental not only in the frame of the architecture of religious buildings, but he has been included in the development of eco-architecture today central to the social needs of society.

 
Risk Factors and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Intestinal Helminthiasis among Children in Schools that Implemented the Homegrown School Feeding Program in Ekwulobia, Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Aribodor Ogechukwu B. , Ekwunife Chinyere Angela , Sammy-Wobo Olufemi S. , Aribodor Dennis N.
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Control of intestinal helminthiasis among pupils improves their nutritional status. This study identified the risk factors and socio-demographic determinants of intestinal helminthiasis among children in primary schools that implemented Home Grown School Feeding Program (HGSFP) in Anambra State, Nigeria.

Methods: Eight hundred and forty-eight consented pupils from Primary (Elementary) classes 1-4 were examined from Community Primary School, Ekwulobia, 270 pupils; Central Primary School, Ekwulobia, 317 pupils; and Nwannebo Primary School, Ekwulobia, 261 pupils. Structured questionnaires were administered to pupils to assess their risks factors for helminthiasis. Fecal samples collected from all pupils were examined using Kato-Katz technique. Data obtained were entered and analyzed using SPSS.

Results: Of the 848 pupils, 452 (53.3%) were males and 396 (46.7%) were females. Assessment of risk factors associated with transmission revealed that toilet type, hand washing habit, and knowledge of the cause of helminthiasis were significantly (p<0.05) related to transmission; however parentâ€™s occupation and biting of fingernails habits were not correlated with transmission (p>0.05). There was a very low prevalence of helminthes at 0.7% in six stool samples (1 male and 5 females), and prevalence of helminthes was not significantly associated (p>0.05) with pupilâ€™s sex and age. Ascaris lumbricoides were the only helminthes observed in the study population.

Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The low prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis among the study population may be attributable to efforts of HGSFP that was implemented in the study area. There is need for constant monitoring and surveillance of all public schools and sustenance of the implemented water, sanitation and hygiene practices and HGSFP so that total elimination of helminths could be achievable in the state.

Key words: Helminthiasis â€¢ Home Grown School Feeding â€¢ Pupils â€¢ Ekwulobia â€¢ Anambra State â€¢ Nigeria.

Copyright Â© 2018 Aribodor et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Percepción del peso corporal y la probabilidad de desarrollar obesidad en adultos mexicanos
Authors: Uribe-Carvajal Rebeca , Jiménez-Aguilar Alejandra , Morales-Ruan María del Carmen , Salazar-Coronel Araceli A , Shamah-Levy Teresa
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: documentar la percepción del peso corporal, las variables que se asocian a una percepción correcta y al riesgo sentido de desarrollar obesidad a corto plazo en población adulta mexicana. Material y Métodos: se utilizaron datos del cuestionario de percepción de obesidad, comportamiento alimentario y actividad física de la ENSANUT MC 2016. Resultados: la correlación con el IMC mostró que menos de la mitad de la población tuvo una percepción correcta de su peso corporal. El ser mujer (RM 1.46, p=0.01), tener obesidad abdominal (RM 1.69, p<0.01) y percibir como “grave” el tener obesidad (RM 2.39, p=0.01) se relacionaron positivamente con la percepción correcta del peso corporal, lo cual se relacionó positivamente con la percepción de riesgo para desarrollar obesidad a corto plazo. Discusión: es importante desarrollar estrategias para que la población tenga una percepción más adecuada de su peso corporal y de las consecuencias de éste hacia su salud.
An Evaluation of Scent-discriminating Canines for Rapid Response to Agricultural Diseases
Authors: Mendel Julian , Furton Kenneth G. , Mills DeEtta
Published: May 2018

Laurel wilt disease, incited by Raffaelea lauricola, has resulted in the death of more than 300 million laurel trees (Lauraceae) in the United States. One such tree is the commercially important avocado (Persea americana), the second largest tree crop in Florida other than citrus (Citrus sp.). This disease affects the industry in South Florida and two larger avocado industries in Mexico and California have taken notice. Trees succumb soon after infection, and once external symptoms are evident, the disease is very difficult to control and contain as the pathogen can spread to adjacent trees via root grafting. Presently, there is no viable, cost-effective method of early diagnosis and treatment. This study was undertaken to evaluate the use of scent-discriminating canines (Canis familiaris) for the detection of laurel wilt–affected wood from avocado trees. Three canines, one Belgian Malinois and two Dutch Shepherds, were trained and studied for this ability. In addition, prevailing weather conditions were recorded and evaluated to determine their effect on canine performance. The results of this evaluation indicated that canines can detect laurel wilt–affected wood and the laurel wilt pathogen and may be useful in the detection of laurel wilt–diseased trees in commercial groves.
Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak Aplikasi Keputusan Multi Kriteria dengan Algoritma Analytic Network Process (ANP) Berbasis Android
Authors: Setiawan Arbi Juniar
Published: May 2018

Pengambilan keputusan multi kriteria merupakan salah satu teknik dalam menentukan sebuah pilihan dari beberapa alternatif pilihan. Ada beberapa metode dalam mengambil keputusan, salah satunya yaitu ANP (Analytic Network Process). ANP merupakan pengembangan dari metode AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). AHP merupakan sebuah metode yang berbentuk hirarki dimana setiap kriteria yang ada akan dibandingkan terlebih dahulu yang akan menghasilkan sebuah matriks biasa. Sedangkan ANP merupakan sebuah metode jaringan yang membandingkan semua hal termasuk kriteria dan alternatif yang ada sehingga mendapatkan suatu super matriks yang sangat kompleks. Saat ini metode ANP tidak hanya dihitung tetapi sudah ada aplikasi penunjang salah satunya yaitu Super Decisions. Aplikasi tersebut bisa digunakan untuk menghasilkan suatu keputusan dengan metode ANP. Setiap aplikasi pasti memiliki kelebihan maupun kekurangan. Untuk itulah diperlukan adanya pengembangan aplikasi yang sudah ada sebelumnya agar muncul aplikasi baru yang lebih baik.
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Umbilical Cord Prolapse: Evaluation of 94 Cases
Authors: Budak Mehmet Sukru , Akgol Sedat
Published: May 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and outcomes of umbilical cord prolapseStudy Design: In this descriptive retrospective study, 94 cases of umbilical cord prolapse between January 2013 and December 2014 in our department were analyzed.Results: 45.166 births occurred in our hospital during the study period, and the prevalence of umbilical cord prolapse was 2.08 (n=94) per 1000 live births, and the perinatal mortality rate was 1.1%. In all pregnant women, the delivery had been performed by emergent caesarean section. The average age, gravida, parity and gestational week of pregnant women were 29.11±6.17, 3.69±2.48, 2.69±2.48 and 37.61±3.17, respectively. Singleton pregnancies were 95.7% (n=90) of all pregnancies and twin pregnancies were 4.3% (n=4). Presentation of the cases were vertex, breech or transverse at 75.5% (n=71), 16% (n=15) and 8.5% (n=8) of all cases respectively. Polyhydramnios complicated 13.8% (n=13) of all cases and average birth weight was 3138.62±759.89 grams. 16% (n=15) of the cases had a birthweight lesser than 2500 gr. 1st and 5th minute APGAR scores were 6.89±2.05 and 8.69±1.39, respectively. The time period between the diagnosis and delivery was demonstrated as 8.24±1.22 minutes.Conclusion: Breech presentation, polyhydramnios, multiple pregnancies and low birth weight are risk factors for umbilical cord prolapse. Shortening the time interval between diagnosis and delivery significantly reduces perinatal mortality. It can be provided at clinics that presenting the appropriate infrastructures for rapid intervention.
Circulating Stem/Progenitor Cells as Prognostic Biomarkers in Macro- and Microvascular Disease: A Narrative Review of Prospective Observational Studies
Authors: Rigato Mauro , Fadini Gian Paolo
Published: May 2018

Background:

Circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) and endothelial progenitor
cells (EPCs) are immature cells involved in vascular repair and related to many aspects of
macro and microvascular disease.

Objective: We aimed to review studies reporting the prognostic role of CPCs/EPCs measurement
on development of cardiovascular disease and microangiopathy.

Methods and Results: We reviewed the English language literature for prospective observational
studies reporting the future development of cardiovascular disease or microangiopathy
in patients having a baseline determination of CPCs/EPCs. We retrieved 34
studied reporting on cardiovascular outcomes and 2 studies reporting on microvascular
outcomes. Overall, a reduced baseline level of CPCs/EPCs was associated with a significant
increased risk of cardiovascular events, all-cause death, and onset/progression of microangiopathy.
The most predictive phenotypes were CD34+ and CD34+CD133+. The
main limitation was related to the high heterogeneity among studies in terms of patient
characteristics and cell phenotypes.

Conclusion: The present review shows that a reduced level of circulating progenitor cells
is a risk factor for the development of future cardiovascular events and death. In addition,
low CPCs/EPCs levels predict the onset or worsening of microalbuminuria and retinopathy
in diabetic patients.
Otilonium Bromide: A Drug with a Complex Mechanism of Action
Authors: Evangelista Stefano , Traini Chiara , Vannucchi Maria Giuliana
Published: May 2018

Otilonium bromide (OB) is a drug with spasmolytic activity belonging to quaternary ammonium derivatives
and extensively used to treat patients affected by the Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Thanks to its
peculiar pharmacokinetic, OB concentrates in the large bowel wall and acts locally. From the pharmacodynamics
point of view, OB is able to inhibit i) the main patterns of human colonic motility in vitro; ii) the contractility
caused by excitatory motor neurons stimulation (pre-synaptic action) and iii) the contractility caused by the direct
action of excitatory neurotransmitters (post-synaptic action). Interestingly, these effects derive from a complex
interaction between the drug and several cellular targets. The main action consists in the blockade of Ca2+ entry
through L-type Ca2+ channels and interference with intracytoplasmatic Ca2+ mobilization necessary for SMC
contraction, thus preventing excessive bowel contractions and abdominal cramps. Further, OB blocks the T-type
Ca2+ channels and interferes with the muscarinic responses; it interacts, directly or indirectly, with the tachykinin
receptors on SMC and on primary afferent neurons whose combined effects may result in the reduction of motility
and abdominal pain. In summary, a revision of this complex picture of OB activity could help to better address
its therapeutic use.
Strongyloides Infection in a Man with Abdominal Pain and a History of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Joukar Farahnaz , Samadi Alireza , Mavaddati Sara , Daryakar Arash
Published: May 2018

Background:

Strongyloidiasis is self-limited by the complete immune system, it may be complicated and causes hyperinfection in immunocompromised patients. Objective: Here, we report a case of an immunocompromised patient with duodenal involvement of Strongyloides stercoralis.

Case Report:

A 65-year-old man presented with severe pain in central abdomen and periumbilical regions. He had no history of alcohol consumption, smoking and surgery but the history of RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis) and hypothyroidism taking immunosuppressive medications. The patient underwent endoscopy and colonoscopy which pathological analysis of the biopsies revealed remarkable findings in favor of Strongyloidiasis. After two consecutive day’s consumption of ivermectin 200µg/kg, the symptoms were completely removed. Also, the stool examination was negative for S. stercoralis larvae two weeks after end of the treatment.

Conclusions:

It seems that in immunocompromised patients with gastrointestinal symptoms assumption of parasite-like infections such as Strongyloidiasis should be considered as one of the diagnosis options. Due to the physiological and gut microbial alternations, these patients are more susceptible to infectious diseases.
Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Unit based on Bus Observation Reliability
Authors: Tran Van-Khoi , Zhang He-Sheng
Published: May 2018

Background:

Meter placement, which can determine sufficient measurements for the
successful estimate implementation, plays a crucial role for state estimation of the power system. For
ensuring the robustness of state estimation against bad data in measurements, fail data from attackers
and loss of measures; the measurement redundancies are necessary.

Methods:

This paper proposes a new method based on the observation reliability criteria of the bus to solve
the optimal meter placement problem in the power network. The goal of this work is to enhance the effect of
measurement redundancies and achieve any desired rates of robustness for state estimation. Regarding the
practicability of the method, some practical aspects, such as zero injection bus, the presence of conventional
measurements, the change of network's topology, or computational time, were also considered.

Result:

The simulations on IEEE RTS 96, 14-bus, 30-bus, 57-bus and 2383-bus test systems were tested for
evaluating the effect of the proposed approach. The simulated results showed that the proposed method is
flexible, practical and feasible in solving the meter placement problem for real power networks.

Conclusion:

Based on the observation reliability of buses we can enhance the effect of redundancy
significantly and achieve any desired robust rates of state estimation.
Penerapan sistem standar mutu ISO 9001 2008 pada sekolah menengah kejuruan
Authors: Murniati M. , Usman Nasir , Husen M. , Irani Ulfah
Published: May 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil, implementasi, dan evaluasi sistem manajemen mutu pada SMK di Propinsi Aceh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif kuantitatif (mixed method). Data dikumpulkan melalui interview, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan EFAS, IFAS, dan SPACE Matriks. Adapun Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan yang dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas 3 (tiga belas) SMK yang tersebar di wilayah Propinsi Aceh yang dipilih secara purposive sampling.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profil sistem manajemen mutu SMK di Propinsi Aceh dinyatakan melalui pernyataan visi, misi, tujuan, kebijakan, kerja sama dengan dunia usaha dan industri, dan unit produksi sekolah.Sekolah merujuk pada standar mutu ISO 9001 2008 dan Akreditas Nasional. Implementasi manajemen mutu tercermin melalui komitmen pimpinan puncak manajemen, peran tim pengembang sekolah, penyelenggaraan program, strategi, dan pelatihan, keterlibatan karyawan, perbaikan terus menerus, penerapan standar kualitas, komunikasi, serta kepuasan pelanggan. Evaluasi dilakukan secara terus menerus melalui audit internal dan eksternal sekolah, evaluasi diri sekolah dan instrumen pengawas.Kata kunci: manajemen mutu, sekolah menengah  kejuruan THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATION 9001 2008 SYSTEM IN VOCATIONAL SCHOOLSAbstractThis study aims to describe and analyze the profile, implementation, and evaluation of Total Quality Management (TQM) at Vocational Schools (SMK) in Aceh, Indonesia. The study was descriptive qualitative-quantitative (mixed method research). Data was collected through observations, interviews, and documentary study, and analyzed through IFAS, EFAS, and SPACE matrix. The results showed that the schools’ profiles comprising their visions, missions, school resources, policies, the cooperation with the world of work, and schools’ production units. TQM implementation was executed through top-management leadership, management commitment, the role of quality department, training and education, employee involvement, continuous improvement, supplier partnership, product/service design, quality policies, quality data and reporting, communication to improve quality, and customer satisfaction orientation and employee relations. The evaluation was conducted continuously by involving the internal and external auditors, the schools’ self-evaluation and the supervisors’ instruments. Keywords: total quality management, vocational schools
OS FAZERES DE BEBÊS E SUAS PROFESSORAS NA ORGANIZAÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA CENTRADA NA CRIANÇA
Authors: Ramos Tacyana Karla Gomes
Published: May 2018

O presente estudo busca captar o ponto de vista de bebês sobre a organização das práticas educativas, explorando suas possibilidades expressivas não verbais, em situações cotidianas da Educação Infantil. Participaram da pesquisa duas professoras, seis Auxiliares de Desenvolvimento Infantil e 31 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 08 e 16 meses, integrantes de dois Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil da cidade do Recife-PE. Foram realizadas 38 sessões de filmagem durante três meses. Os dados foram produzidos por meio da análise microgenética, em que cada sessão foi observada atentamente a fim de serem recortados e descritos episódios interacionais. Olhar para o bebê no contexto da Educação Infantil e ouvi-lo em seus interesses viabilizou a captura e a compreensão de seu ponto de vista como elemento que balizou a construção de um trabalho pedagógico a partir das competências sociocomunicativas que seu comportamento interativo pôde desvelar em parceria com suas professoras.
Apresentação
Authors: Conceição Ana Paula Silva da , Pinazza Mônica Appezzato
Published: May 2018

Educação, Infâncias e FormaçãoNo título sugerido para esta publicação encerra-se o propósito das coordenadoras deste trabalho de reafirmar os compromissos educacionais com a infância, tal como expressos nos textos legais. Com a clareza de que se avizinham, numa constância indesejável, ameaças de toda ordem às conquistas arduamente obtidas em favor dos direitos das crianças e das famílias, é sempre oportuno trazer à cena as questões concernentes à infância e à educação infantil, compreendendo a importância de defender a qualificação do que se pensa e faz nesses domínios, a considerar a defesa da qualificação de profissionais que neles atuam. Este dossiê propôs reunir produções resultantes de investigações que tematizam a infância no plural, portanto numa perspectiva da diversidade, e que estão comprometidas em trazer ao plano de discussão os diversos contextos educacionais destinados, particularmente, à faixa etária de 0 a 5/6 anos; as propostas curriculares e a natureza das práticas educativas desenvolvidas junto às crianças, da forma como se revelam na realidade das instituições de educação infantil e/ou em outros espaços educativos. Dado o foco nas infâncias e nas circunstâncias em que se faz a educação dos bebês e das crianças pequenas, constituíram-se de especial interesse à presente publicação os estudos que abordam questões concernentes à formação dos profissionais que atuam com a primeira infância e na educação infantil
Quantification of HIV-1 RNA Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Using an At-Home Self-Collected Dried Blood Spot Specimen: Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hirshfield Sabina , Teran Richard A , Downing Jr Martin J , Chiasson Mary Ann , Tieu Hong-Van , Dize Laura , Gaydos Charlotte A
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and disengagement in care present significant public health challenges because of the increased probability of HIV transmission. In the United States, men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV, highlighting a critical need to engage high-risk MSM living with HIV who are not engaged or retained in care.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of at-home blood self-collection and laboratory quantification of HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) to report laboratory-based VL outcomes and compare self-reported and laboratory-reported VL

METHODS

Between 2016 and 2017, 766 US HIV-positive MSM enrolled in a Web-based behavioral intervention were invited to participate in an at-home dried blood spot (DBS) collection study using HemaSpot-HF kits (Spot On Sciences, Inc, Austin, TX) for laboratory-quantified VL.

RESULTS

Of those invited to participate, 72.3% (554/766) enrolled in the DBS study. Most (79.2%, 439/554) men enrolled reported attempting to collect their blood, 75.5% (418/554) of participants mailed a DBS specimen to the research laboratory, and 60.8% (337/554) had an adequate blood sample for VL testing. Of the 337 specimens tested for VL by the laboratory, 52.5% (177/337) had detectable VL (median: 3508 copies/mL; range: 851-1,202,265 copies/mL). Most men (83.9%, 135/161) who returned a DBS specimen with laboratory-quantified detectable VL self-reported an undetectable VL during their last clinical visit.

CONCLUSIONS

Home collection of DBS samples from HIV-positive MSM is feasible and has the potential to support clinical VL monitoring. Discrepant laboratory HIV-1 RNA values and self-reported VL indicate a need to address perceived VL status, especially in the era of treatment as prevention. Most participants were willing to use an at-home DBS kit in the future, signaling an opportunity to engage high-risk MSM in long-term HIV care activities.
Evaluating Mobile Health Apps for Customized Dietary Recording for Young Adults and Seniors: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Ying-Chieh , Chen Chien-Hung , Tsou Ya-Chi , Lin Yu-Sheng , Chen Hsin-Yun , Yeh Jou-Yin , Chiu Sherry Yueh-Hsia
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

The role of individual-tailored dietary recording in mobile phone health apps has become increasingly important in management of self-health care and population-based preventive service. The development of such mobile apps for user-centered designing is still challengeable and requires further scientific evidence.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to conduct a randomized trial to assess the accuracy and time efficiency of two prototypes for dietary recoding utilization related to the input method of food intake.

METHODS

We first present an innovative combinatorial concept for dietary recording to account for dish variation. One prototype was a self-chosen tab app that featured choosing each food ingredient to synthesize an individual dish, whereas the other was an autonomous exhaustive list app that provided one selection from a comprehensive list of dish items. The concept included commercially available choices that allowed users to more accurately account for their individual food selection. The two mobile apps were compared in a head-to-head parallel randomized trial evaluation. Young adults (n=70, aged 18-29) and older adults (n=35, aged 55-73) were recruited and randomized into two groups for accuracy and response time evaluation based on 12 types of food items in use of the developed self-chosen tab and autonomous exhaustive list apps, respectively.

RESULTS

For the trials based on the self-chosen tab (53 participants) and autonomous exhaustive list groups (52 participants), the two prototypes were found to be highly accurate (>98%). The self-chosen tab app was found to be more efficient, requiring significantly less time for input of 11 of 12 items (P<.05). The self-chosen tab users occasionally neglected to select food attributes, an issue which did not occur in the autonomous exhaustive list group.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study contributes through the scientific evaluation of the transformation step into prototype development to demonstrate that a self-chosen tab app has potentially better opportunity in effectiveness and efficiency. The combinatorial concept offers potential for dietary recording and planning which can account for high food item variability. Our findings on prototype development of diversified dietary recordings provide design consideration and user interaction for related further app development and improvement.

CLINICALTRIAL

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN86142301; http://www.isrctn.com/ ISRCTN86142301 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/74YLEPYnS)
Sir Robert Garran: Medio Tutissimus Ibis
Authors: Gageler Stephen
Published: May 2018

Sir Robert Randolph Garran (10 February 1867-11 January 1957) played a unique role in the early development of the Commonwealth. As Secretary to the Drafting Committee of the Australasian Federal Convention of 1897 and 1898, he was intimately involved in the process by which the Australian Constitution was produced. As Secretary of the Attorney-General's Department from 1901 to 1932, he was responsible for drafting foundational Commonwealth legislation and he played a key part in establishing coherent interpretations of the Constitution in advice to successive Federal Governments. Three aspects of Garran's life and work are explored in this article: the popular movement which established the process by which the Constitution was negotiated, drafted, and submitted to referenda for approval; Garran's tenure and legacy as Secretary of the Attorney-General's Department; and Garran's views on federalism and constitutional law.
‘The Research Says …’: Perceptions on the Use of Social Science Research in the Family Law System
Authors: Rathus Zoe
Published: May 2018

This article reports on a study which investigated the perceptions of professionals in the family law system about how social science research is used in that system in Australia. The results shed light on the daily practices of actors in the system regarding their use of social science research and demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of this research in the family law environment. The study involved a series of focus groups with lawyers and social scientists and gathered data about how the participants perceived various professions engaged with social science research. This revealed the actual world of family law practice, undiscoverable from the published cases. The data show how practitioners perceive that family law professionals, including judges, harness the research positively, but also expose a range of concerns, particularly about judges citing social science research in the courtroom. The article concludes with some steps that could be taken to clarify the way in which social science research could be used.
Liberal Assumptions in Section 116 Cases and Implications for Religious Freedom
Authors: Deagon Alex
Published: May 2018

It is well known that the ‘free exercise’ and ‘establishment’ clauses in Section 116 of the Australian Constitution have been interpreted narrowly by the High Court of Australia. However, there has been limited examination of theoretical assumptions or perspectives which may have consciously or unconsciously informed this interpretation. This article argues the High Court has adopted liberal assumptions about the nature of religion and its relationship to the state in the Section 116 cases. These liberal assumptions are a sharp distinction between ‘private’ religious and ‘public’ non-religious exercise, that religious freedom is subject to state determinations of what is required for neutrality between religions, and religious freedom is subject to state determinations of what is required for social order. The article proceeds to consider the implications of these assumptions for Section 116 cases in terms of a narrowing of religious freedom and a broadening of state power, and suggests awareness of these issues may produce a more nuanced approach to Section 116 in the future.
Pengukuran Kinerja dan Akuntabilitas Publik di Indonesia Studi Awal di Pemerintah Daerah
Authors: Akbar Rusdi
Published: May 2018

This article presents initial findings about public accountability and performance measurement practices in Indonesian local government institutions. Moreover, this article provides accountability tools, content, and reason. In addition, factors affecting performance measurement practices, and indications of the existence of institutional isomorphism are also discussed.
Evaluasi Kualitas Reviu Laporan Keuangan Kementerian: Studi pada Inspektorat Kementerian Pariwisata
Authors: Puspasari Dewi , Irawan Arief Surya
Published: May 2018

The review of the financial statements carried out by the inspectorate has a major role in assisting the realization of a clean, transparent and accountable government, through the supervision of qualified state finances. This study aimed to evaluate the review quality of the ministry financial statements by the Inspectorate of the Ministry of Tourism and analyze the factors that become obstacles faced by the Inspectorate of the Ministry of Tourism in conducting the review of the financial statements. This study identified the review quality conducted by the parties involved in the review process of the ministry financial statements. The parties are the inspectorate as the reviewer and the work unit (satker) reviewed.The results indicated that the review quality conducted by the Inspectorate of the Ministry of Tourism is included in the category of good review quality. The level of compliance showing the review quality from the inspectorate is 88, 82% and from the satker is 85%. Although the review of the Ministry of Tourism has a good quality, in 2012, however, it still got WDP opinion and disclaimer in the year 2013-2014. This is because the reviews and audits have different goals and procedures. The Inspectorate of the Ministry of Tourism does not review SPI so there is no SPI review value. Meanwhile BPK considered Ministry of Tourism SPI to determine audit procedures with the aim to provide opinion on the financial statements. During this period, the implementation of the review faced the obstacles of the delay in submitting financial statements, nomenclature changes, limited auditor numbers and competencies, limited time, and lack of budget support.