bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KERJASAMA DALAM PAHAM KEAGAMAAN
Authors: Anita Indria  , Hendrisab
Published: December 2022

Kerjasama dalam paham keagamaan akan membawa pada rasa peduli dan saling tolong menolong. Bahkan Kerjasama dalam paham keagamaan ini akan membawa pada kebaikan pendidikan yang dilakukan secara kompak, searah, dan sejalan. Apalagi Kerjasama dalam paham keagamaan ini dilakukan dalam berorganisasi seperti berpolitik. Politik saat ini lebih cenderung mengarah pada nilai negatif, tidak bersih, korupsi, dan lain-lain. Tetapi tidak semuanya partai-partai yang berpolitik mengarah pada hal yang negatif seperti salah satu partai Islam yang ada di Indonesia terutama di Kota Bukittinggi. Partai Islam yang memperhatikan pendidikan dan kebersamaan sehingga ukhuwwah Islamiyah tercipta dengan kuat. Pendidikan disini terdapat dilingkungan Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu yang mengelola Pendidikan Islam sehingga sekolah ini tergolong bagus dan berkualitas. Berdasarkan hal ini peneliti tertarik untuk menggali paham keagamaan yang terbentuk sehingga tercipta kerjasama dari dalam lingkungan sekolah tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualititatif dengan fokus pada pengamatan secara mendalam dan mampu dipahami melalui penjelasan-penjelasan yang diuraikan. Data-data yang ditemukan dianalisis sehingga diperoleh sebuah kesimpulan dari pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang dipermasalahkan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kerjasama dalam paham keagamaan yang berasal dari partai Islam membawa pada kemajuan Pendidikan dan tolong menolong dengan sesama. Tradisi yang dikembangkan dalam lingkungan partai ini menciptakan hablun minannaas dengan ukhuwwah Islamiyah yang kuat. Inilah tujuan dari Pendidikan Agama Islam yang sebenarnya.
More Inclusive Collection Development: Considering the Information Needs of Researchers from Outside the Subject Area of Communication
Authors: Romero Lisa
Published: December 2022

When conducting collection development, it can be assumed that librarians consider the research needs of scholars within their respective disciplines. How systematically librarians consider the needs of scholars outside the discipline, however, has not been established. This study investigates whether resources scholars from outside a discipline use differ from the resources that scholars within a specific discipline use and offers a model for evaluating engagement with core journals outside of the discipline. Focusing on the subject area of communication, the data provided in this study demonstrate the importance of assessing the information needs of researchers from outside the discipline to build a more useful and inclusive journal collection and provide communication librarians with data to guide their collection decisions. Up to twenty years of journal citation data from the Web of Science database were collected and analyzed for thirty-nine communication journals. The author identifies the most and least cited communication journals by researchers outside the discipline to support collection development decisions that meet the needs of all researchers.
Book Review: Compact Copyright: Quick Answers to Common Questions
Authors: Eustis Jennifer M.
Published: December 2022

Anyone working in libraries, museums, or other similar organizations has more than likely encountered a scenario involving copyright. Knowing how to deal with these situations when they occur is key in today’s library landscape of electronic resources, emergency access to copyrighted materials, and online teaching and learning. This new publication provides a basic introduction to copyright in the United States to help address these questions.
The Use of Gamification as a Vehicle for Pedagogic Sharing and Teachers’ Professional Development
Authors: Greaves Richard , Vlachopoulos Dimitrios
Published: December 2022

Gamification introduces game mechanics into organizational contexts to improve impacts, outcomes, or staff engagement in an identified area of focus. This action research explores the potential of gamification as a system for the sharing of pedagogic practice in an international secondary school. The study investigates whether a gamified approach can address the identified drawbacks of more traditional out of workplace, leader driven continuing professional development (CPD) workshops by offering an alternative that spreads pedagogic practice through a school. The study uses a 6-week activity encouraging teachers to create, develop, and share their pedagogical practice through live demonstration with an observing peer for critical feedback. Each part of this process scored points to create the gamified elements. The study gained data through fourteen participants, all teachers at the school with a mixture of experience. Participant perceptions on the impact of the gamified process in its success in fostering the sharing of pedagogic practice, fostering collaboration, and acting as an alternative to traditional CPD were gained through the completion of pre-gamification and post-gamification surveys. The findings show positive support for the use of gamification in a school context for increasing pedagogical sharing, enhancing individual teacher’s confidence in their depth and use of different strategies, and that gamification can provide a positive professional development vehicle for schools. It identifies new avenues for further research in the use of gamification for school CPD, and whether gamification should be used to support or replace more traditional CPD practices in schools.
Características del Diseño de Estrategias de microaprendizaje en escenarios educativos: revisión sistemática
Authors: Betancur Chicué Viviana , García-Valcárcel Muñoz-Repiso Ana
Published: December 2022

El microaprendizaje (MA) como estrategia de formación ha sido utilizado en diferentes ámbitos por el formato que ofrece basado en contenidos de corta duración dispuestos en una ruta de aprendizaje adaptable a necesidad particular. El artículo realiza una revisión de la literatura para identificar las principales ventajas y desventajas del uso del MA, las características de diseño que prevalece en el desarrollo de contenidos con este formato y las áreas de conocimiento en las que mayor incidencia ha tenido. Para esto, se utiliza una metodología de revisión sistemática de la literatura, cuyo protocolo establece una delimitación a investigaciones entre 2018 y 2021, identificadas a través Scopus y Web of Science, seleccionadas con base en las preguntas de investigación. Se concluye que entre las principales ventajas del MA se encuentra el proporcionar una estrategia ágil para la formación profesional, útil en el desarrollo de temáticas introductorias o básicas y capaz de reducir la carga cognitiva. Como principal desventaja se destaca su limitado aporte al desarrollo de temáticas o habilidades de mayor complejidad, y la carencia de estrategias de interacción entre pares. De los estudios seleccionados, las áreas de conocimiento que han explorado en mayor medida el MA han sido salud, educación e ingeniería (ciencias de la computación). Finalmente, en cuanto a las características de diseño que prevalecen en el desarrollo de contenidos de MA se destaca una estructura basada en introducción, microcontenido y preguntas, dando especial relevancia al uso del video educativo.
Support Needs and Service Provision for Social Participation of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Maebara Kazuaki , Yaeda Jun , Imai Aya , Yamada Yukiya
Published: December 2022

Background: Person-centered support based on self-determination is needed for persons with intellectual disabilities to participate in society in Japan. However, work supporters may be unable to provide sufficient support for this purpose.

Objective: This study analyzes work supporters’ implementation of necessary support to understand persons with intellectual disabilities’ support needs.

Methods: This study compared persons with intellectual disabilities’ support needs with the implementation of support from work supporters at vocational rehabilitation agencies (Survey 1) and the support needs of persons with intellectual disabilities (Survey 2).

Results: The results showed that the persons with intellectual disabilities most required support related to daily living. This was consistent with the support provided by the work supporters. However, there were situations wherein the smooth transition of support was not provided, which was attributed to the lack of knowledge and cross-disciplinary involvement of the work supporters in the employment-related welfare services for persons with disabilities.

Conclusions: Possessing the knowledge and skills required for vocational rehabilitation and working in vocational rehabilitation agencies could contribute to the smooth transition of support for persons with intellectual disabilities. Accordingly, the results can clarify the required role of work supporters for persons with intellectual disabilities future participation in society.
The Impact of Students’ Social Identity on Psycho-Social Adaptation during the Period of a Difficult Educational Transition
Authors: Zhylin Mykhailo , Sikorskyi Petro , Balla Evelina , Barchan Valentyna , Kuzma Oksana
Published: December 2022

Background: Students' adaptation to the educational institution's social environment during difficult educational transitions is an important indicator of their success. Students can achieve full adaptation by identifying themselves with the social environment of the higher educational institution that is provided the developed social identity. So, the study aimed to empirically identify the psycho-social adaptation of students with different types of social identity during the transition to study in a higher educational institution.

Methods: The research used standardized psychodiagnostic methods-questionnaires: "Methodology for studying social identity Schneider, L.B., & Khrustaleva, V. V.", " Methods of diagnostics socio-psychological adaptation of Karl Rogers and Rozalin Diamond (adaptation of A. Osnizkij)", " Method of Research of Students Adaptability in the Higher Educational Establishment T.D. Dubovitskaya, A.V. Krylova".

Results: The obtained results revealed that students with a high level of positive identity have the highest indicators of socio-psychological adaptation and adaptability to higher educational institutions (p≤0.001). Students with identity diffusion have low socio-psychological adaptation and adaptability to learning (p≤0.001). The correlation analysis revealed statistically significant (p≤0.001) correlations between the type of social identity and adaptability to higher educational institutions. Correlations were also found at a high level of significance (p≤0.001) between the type of social identity and socio-psychological adaptation of students. It is empirically proven that the type of social identity affects the psychosocial adaptation of students during a difficult educational transition. Students with a high level of identity have a high psychosocial adaptation and adaptability to higher educational institutions.

Further Implementation: The obtained results will contribute to developing a system for improving the psycho-social adaptation of students during the difficult educational transition through the development of social identity.
К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКОМ КРИТЕРИИ ОЦЕНКИ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ
Authors:   Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет, Зеленцова Марина Григорьевна
Published: December 2022

В статье дан анализ роли эстетической оценки технических объектов на примере систем автоматизации и диспетчеризации. Показано, что эстетическая ценность в научно-техническом знании, как и в других видах знания, не является субъективной. Она имеет объективные основания, к которым относятся единство, гармония частей в целом, простота, логическая жесткость и другие. Вследствие этого эстетическая оценка может быть использована в качестве критерия эффективности инженерных решений и функциональности технических систем.
O ardil totalitário: imaginário político no Brasil dos anos de 1930
Authors: Dutra Eliana de Freitas
Published: December 2022

Este livro não é uma história convencional da política brasileira e também não se limita à “história das mentalidades”. Para definir sua forma, seria necessário colocá-lo no rol das “descidas ao inferno” ao modo de Jean Starobinski. Trata-se de identificar as máscaras totalitárias, repelir o seu falso sorriso, dirigindo os olhos para o outro lado da retórica que hipnotiza os intelectuais, as massas, os líderes. Finda a leitura, podemos encarar o nosso tempo sem medo. Se uma fantasmagoria tão sinistra, como o pensamento totalitário, não conseguiu destruir a arte política, se depois da tormenta veio um interregno democrático no mundo, ainda resta esperança para nós e para nossos filhos. Neste livro lateja semelhante certeza, o que lhe confere a dignidade e a eminência de um essencial trabalho do espírito.
A selective LIS1 requirement for mitotic spindle assembly discriminates distinct T-cell division mechanisms within the T-cell lineage
Authors: Argenty Jérémy , Rouquié Nelly , Bories Cyrielle , Mélique Suzanne , Duplan-Eche Valérie , Saoudi Abdelhadi , Fazilleau Nicolas , Lesourne Renaud
Published: December 2022

The ability to proliferate is a common feature of most T-cell populations. However, proliferation follows different cell-cycle dynamics and is coupled to different functional outcomes according to T-cell subsets. Whether the mitotic machineries supporting these qualitatively distinct proliferative responses are identical remains unknown. Here, we show that disruption of the microtubule-associated protein LIS1 in mouse models leads to proliferative defects associated with a blockade of T-cell development after β-selection and of peripheral CD4+ T-cell expansion after antigen priming. In contrast, cell divisions in CD8+ T cells occurred independently of LIS1 following T-cell antigen receptor stimulation, although LIS1 was required for proliferation elicited by pharmacological activation. In thymocytes and CD4+ T cells, LIS1 deficiency did not affect signaling events leading to activation but led to an interruption of proliferation after the initial round of division and to p53-induced cell death. Proliferative defects resulted from a mitotic failure, characterized by the presence of extra-centrosomes and the formation of multipolar spindles, causing abnormal chromosomes congression during metaphase and separation during telophase. LIS1 was required to stabilize dynein/dynactin complexes, which promote chromosome attachment to mitotic spindles and ensure centrosome integrity. Together, these results suggest that proliferative responses are supported by distinct mitotic machineries across T-cell subsets.
Neospongodes atlantica, a potential case of an early biological introduction in the Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Cordeiro Ralf T.S. , Carpinelli Ágatha Nascimento , Francini-Filho Ronaldo B. , Neves Barbara de Moura , Pérez Carlos D. , de Oliveira Umberto , Sumida Paulo , Maranhão Henrique , Monteiro Leonardo H.U. , Carneiro Pedro , Kitahara Marcelo V.
Published: December 2022

Soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) are discreet components in the Southwestern Atlantic reef communities. In Brazil, the native octocoral shallow-reef fauna is mostly represented by gorgonians. Consequently, except for the nephtheidNeospongodes atlantica, most of the known soft corals from this region are considered non-indigenous. Hitherto, the monotypic genusNeospongodes, which was proposed in the early 1900s, has been considered to be endemic to the Northeastern Brazilian coast. Herein, based onin siturecords, we show thatN. atlanticais a substrate generalist that has been probably expanding its distribution by dominating extensive shallow and mesophotic sandy and reef bottoms, generally outcompeting other reef benthic organisms, including Brazilian endemic species. Based on previously unidentified museum specimens, new records, and a broad literature review, we provide the most comprehensive modelling of the potential distribution of this species in the Southwestern Atlantic. Based on molecular inference supported by in-depth morphological analysis, the probable non-indigenous and, therefore, ancient introduction ofN. atlanticain Brazilian waters is discussed. Finally, these results support thatNeospongodesand the Indo-PacificStereonephthyaare synonyms, which led us to propose the latter as taxonomically invalid.
Using a real-world network to model the trade-off between stay-at-home restriction, vaccination, social distancing and working hours on COVID-19 dynamics
Authors: Nashebi Ramin , Sari Murat , Kotil Seyfullah
Published: December 2022

Background

Human behaviour, economic activity, vaccination, and social distancing are inseparably entangled in epidemic management. This study aims to investigate the effects of various parameters such as stay-at-home restrictions, work hours, vaccination, and social distance on the containment of pandemics such as COVID-19.

Methods

To achieve this, we have developed an agent based model based on a time-dynamic graph with stochastic transmission events. The graph is constructed from a real-world social network. The edges of graph have been categorized into three categories: home, workplaces, and social environment. The conditions needed to mitigate the spread of wild-type COVID-19 and the delta variant have been analyzed. Our purposeful agent based model has carefully executed tens of thousands of individual-based simulations. We propose simple relationships for the trade-offs between effective reproduction number (Re), transmission rate, working hours, vaccination, and stay-at-home restrictions.

Results

We have found that the effect of a 13.6% increase in vaccination for wild-type (WT) COVID-19 is equivalent to reducing four hours of work or a one-day stay-at-home restriction. For the delta, 20.2% vaccination has the same effect. Also, since we can keep track of household and non-household infections, we observed that the change in household transmission rate does not significantly alter the Re. Household infections are not limited by transmission rate due to the high frequency of connections. For the specifications of COVID-19, the Re depends on the non-household transmissions rate.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight that decreasing working hours is the least effective among the non-pharmaceutical interventions. Our results suggest that policymakers decrease work-related activities as a last resort and should probably not do so when the effects are minimal, as shown. Furthermore, the enforcement of stay-at-home restrictions is moderately effective and can be used in conjunction with other measures if absolutely necessary.
Prevalence of text neck posture, smartphone addiction, and its association with neck disorders among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sirajudeen Mohamed Sherif , Alzhrani Msaad , Alanazi Ahmad , Alqahtani Mazen , Waly Mohamed , Unnikrishnan Radhakrishnan , Muthusamy Hariraja , Alrubaia Wafa , Alanazi Nidaa , Seyam Mohamed K. , Kashoo Faizan , Miraj Mohammad , Channmgere Govindappa Shashikumar , Alghamdi Khalid Ahmed , Al-Hussinan Nasser M.
Published: December 2022

The smartphone emerges as an inevitable gadget in modern society and its increased usage results in neck disorders among its users. However, the factors associated with neck disorders among smartphone users are ambiguous and less explored in the literature. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of text neck posture, smartphone addiction/overuse, and its association with neck disorders among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 313 university students who were aged 18 years and older, owned a smartphone, and used it during the preceding 12 months participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding the prevalence of text neck posture, smartphone addiction/overuse, neck disorders, and the level of physical activity. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between the prevalence of neck disorders and text neck posture, smartphone addiction/overuse, and level of physical activity. The 12 months prevalence of neck disorders due to smartphone use among the participants was found to be 46%. The neck disorders were more prevalent among participants who reported text neck posture (P < 0.001) and categorized as smartphone-addicted/overuse (P < 0.001). Measures to promote the awareness of healthy use of smartphones including postural education and to decrease its screen time are warranted to reduce neck disorders.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF MAHANARYAN TAIL NASYA AND MAHAMASHA TAIL NASYA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VISWACHI (CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS WITH RADICULOPATHY)
Authors: . Aarti , Jain Anup
Published: December 2022

Viswachi is a disease classified under the broad spectrum of vata vyadhi, which hampers an individual's day-to-day activities, as vata dosha is responsible for all the body's movements. Viswachi, which affects kandara, runs to the tip of fingers from the root of the upper arm. This disorder can be compared to cervical spondylosis with radiculopathy due to the similarity in presenting symptoms. The prevalence of neck pain is 4.6%; cervical spondylosis accounts for 75% of cervical radiculopathy. Cervical spondylosis is caused by degenerative changes in the vertebrae and inter-vertebral discs that occur because of ageing due to injury or rheumatoid conditions. Aim: To evaluate the effect of Mahanarayan Tail Nasya in the management of Viswachi (Cervical Spondylosis with radiculopathy) compared with Mahamasha Tail Nasya. Objective: To compare the effect of Mahamasha Tail Nasya and Mahanarayan Tail Nasya's management of Viswachi (Cervical spondylosis with radiculopathy). Methods: It is an open-label, randomized, interventional and comparative study. In Group A, Mahanaryan Tail Nasya and Group B, Mahamasha Tail Nasya was given a dose of 16 bindu for 15 days. The assessment record was taken at 0, 7, 15 and 30 days. Result: The reduction in the severity of symptoms was statistically analysed, and significant improvement was found in all the patients. Conclusion: Both the Groups had statistically substantial results in the parameters, i.e. neck disability index, bahu karma and motor functions. But in inter-group comparison, not much difference was observed.
EVALUATION OF COMBINED EFFECT OF ARJUNA KSHEERAPAKA AND POSTERIOR SLAB WITH STANDARD OF CARE IN RADIUS FRACTURE: A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Krishnan Athira , Raj Shaithya , Tripathy Rabinarayan
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Bone healing is a complex process of tissue recapitulation which requires various anatomical and biomechanical processes in a well-orchestrated manner. Radius fractures account for 25% of fractures in the paediatric population and 18% in the elderly. Its treatment ranges from closed reduction and immobilisation to complex operative treatments. Ancient ayurvedic literature and various pharmacological studies deciphered the use of Terminalia arjuna in the bone healing process. Materials and Methods: The study aims to analyse the bone healing effect of Arjuna k??rap?ka along with its effectiveness in reducing pain, swelling, tenderness, deformity and loss of function in a sample of 30 patients. Patients were recruited into two groups, with 15 patients in each group. Assessments were done before treatment, on the 30th day and after treatment. Result and Discussion: The clinical assessments after treatment showed that 80% got a complete cure in the group treated with Arjuna KSHEERAPAKA, while the standard treatment group only had a 53.3% cure rate. The combination of KSHEERAPAKA with Arjuna increases the bioavailability of active principles of Arjuna. Casein helps for easy delivery of active principles of Terminalia arjuna. Active principles of Terminalia arjuna, like tannins, help with bone tissue regeneration. Hence Terminalia arjuna is excellent for its osteo-potential activity, especially as milk preparation. Conclusion: The combined use of Arjuna KSHEERAPAKA and the POP posterior slab was more significant than the standard care alone in the healing of radius fracture in callus formation and mobility between fragments.
EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF ALBIZIA LEBBECK (L.) BENTH., BAUHINIA VARIEGATA L. AND CHLORHEXIDINE MOUTHWASHES: IN-VITRO STUDY
Authors: Thomas Merlin , Shettar Leena , Agnihotri Pradeep , Bhat Kishore
Published: December 2022

Aim: Herbal medicines have therapeutic benefits, especially in plaque and gingivitis control. Therefore, the study aims to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. (Siris tree), Bauhinia variegata Linn. (Mountain Ebony) and Chlorhexidine mouthwashes and to assess and compare the antibacterial effect of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. mouthwash (Group I), Bauhinia variegata L. mouthwash (Group II) and Chlorhexidine (Group III) on plaque. Materials and Methods: The MIC of herbal mouthwashes and Chlorhexidine were determined against standard strains of bacteria involved in gingivitis. The antibacterial action of these mouthwashes on the supragingival plaque was determined and compared. Fifteen plaque samples were collected from fifteen individuals with gingivitis and were sent to the laboratory for processing. Data obtained was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance and paired t-test. Bonferroni post hoc test was used to know the difference between the pairs of mouthwashes. Analysis of covariance was also done to adjust for the baseline differences. Results: The MIC of Group I, Group II and Group III mouthwashes ranged 0.8 µg/ml-12.5 µg/ml, 0.4 µg/ml-25 µg/ml and 0.4 µg/ml-25 µg/ml, respectively, against the tested bacterial strains. Group I and Group II mouthwashes did exhibit antibacterial activity. However, the antibacterial efficacy of herbal mouthwashes exhibited significant differences when compared with Chlorhexidine. Conclusion: Group I and Group II mouthwashes showed antibacterial activity. However, these herbal mouthwashes showed less antibacterial action when compared to Group III.
AGNI AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN HEALTHY AND DISEASED INDIVIDUALS: A REVIEW
Authors: . Manisha , Gaur MB
Published: December 2022

Agni is a vital factor for life. Maintenance of health depends upon agni. Agni digests ahara on which strength of body, complexion, and ojas depends. Agni should be maintained for overall health. Due to improper lifestyle or bad dietary habits, agni gets vitiated, which leads to ama formation and diseases. Aamvata and udara roga are examples of agni vitiation, which decrease the quality of life and health. Ayurveda has elaborated that ahara vidhi vidhana and ahara vidhi visheshaytana, and dwadsha asana vichara are codes and conducts for a diet which is essential for physiological and functional activities. Ritucharya and dinacharya should be followed for the restoration of agni. According to digestive power, ahara vihara should be taken properly to keep agni healthy. The health of the agni is directly proportional to an individual's physical and mental health. This article aims to emphasize the importance of agni in a healthy state, the role of agni in an individual's diseased state, and what one should do to maintain agni.
Gain in Knowledge after Watching Video Clip of Soil Sampling in (SAS Nagar) Punjab India
Authors: Singh Gurshaminder , Sharma Nitish
Published: December 2022

Soil is one of the element required for farming as it provides nutrients to the plant. Healthy soil contain all the elements for growth and development of crop .Therefore, Soil sampling is one of the most important aspect in the determination of the properties of the soil or the soil deprived from one or more nutrient either reduce the production or degraded quality of crops. Therefore, proportion and quantity of macro and micro nutrients altogether refer to the soil health. As far as agriculture production is concerned, soil health play vital role in ensuring sustainable production with optimizing the utilization of fertilizer and reducing its waste. Soil sampling involves the analysis of a soil sample (from the area which is landscaped) to determine the nutrient content, composition. Of the soil. It allows the farmer to determine accurately which crop would yield the best growth in that particular soil. The survey of 100 respondents was taken and are selected randomly from all the three villages for the research and questionnaire was framed having the questions regarding the soil sampling and data was collected through the interview schedule or interaction of the respondents. Purposive as well as the random sampling procedure were followed in providing the knowledge regarding the soil sampling Then the data has been tabulated and analyzed with the objective to assess the knowledge gain by the shows that there is significant gain in knowledge by 74.63% more in respondents. After watching the video film it was found that the mean score was 50.81 before watching the video and 88.73 was after watching the video. Thereafter, mean percentage before watching the video was 50.81% and after watching the video was 88.73%. 90% of the respondents are aware about from where the soil sample should be taken and 88% of the respondents are aware of the harmful effects of pesticides to the environment.
Effects of Team Discussion on Students’ Academic Performance in Social Studies
Authors: Marcon Junal M.
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the effectiveness of the team discussion method on students' achievement in Social Studies. A quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test control group design from Passi National High School (PNHS) in 2018. Seventy-one grade 7 students were utilised as respondents. Simple random sampling was used to select 35 students from each section for the study and to allocate the group into experimental and control groups. The results reflect the student's performance in Social Studies using the established interpretations and descriptions. Furthermore, the conclusions exposed what method is better than another; team discussion or lecture. Hence, it implies utilising the better method to a greater extent.
Entrepreneurship in Family Businesses and their Impact on the Social Business Development in Trujillo-Peru
Authors: Aguilar-Luján Mily Jovana
Published: December 2022

The objective of this research was to know in depth to what extent and in what way entrepreneurship in family businesses affects the social business development of the city of Trujillo 2022.  The research was applied, Mixed approach.  In relation to the quantitative method, we proceeded from the observation, formulation of the hypothesis and, finally, the qualitative method was applied to deepen the understanding and explanation of the results. Explanatory sequential design was applied.  The type of quantitative design was causal, non-experimental cross-sectional descriptive correlational. The variables considered in this study were entrepreneurship in family businesses and business social development. The population was made up of family businesses in the city of Trujillo and the sample was randomly selected with a sample size of 73. The technique used for data collection was the survey, in the quantitative part and for the qualitative part the interview was used. The data collection instrument was the questionnaire in quantitative research and the interview guide for qualitative research.  Results evidenced the relationship between family entrepreneurship and social business development in the areas of footwear and manufacturing of Freedom. The level of family entrepreneurship in footwear and manufacturing was located with 72% at a good level and 62% regular. A perception of business social development was observed at a good level of 73% and fair 58%, social sustainability 74% is located in good and 57% regular, economic sustainability focuses on good with 66% and on regular 56% and finally, environmental sustainability was located in good 73 % and fair 56%, This is due to the reduction of gas emissions, waste and recycling of materials. It showed the relationship between family entrepreneurship and social, economic and environmental sustainability in footwear and manufacturing.
Overriding Investigation on Strengthening of Thermal Stability of Torrefied Pigeon Pea Stalk and Kinetic Compensation
Authors: Sahu Parmanand , Gangil Sandip , Bhargav Vinod Kumar
Published: December 2022

This article aims to evaluate the pyrolytic behavior of torrefied biomass in order to resolve the logistic issue of the biomaterial and utilize it during idle time. In order to that, the thermal treatment of the raw pigeon pea stalk was done up to 250℃ in a reactor in an inert environment. The obtained solid biomaterial was subjected to the thermogravimetric analysis for four various heating rates (10, 20, 30, and 40℃/min) to investigate the changes occurring in thermal behaviour and kinetic parameters over the raw material. The deconvolution analysis of the thermogravimetric signals leads the study to an overriding investigation on thermal stability of the intrinsic bioconstituent. In addition, the kinetic triplet and thermodynamic parameters were estimated by employing the ICTAC recommended Ozawa-Flynn-Wall isoconversional method. The computed average activation energy level of the torrefied biomaterial (229 kJ/mol) was registered significantly higher than the raw pigeon pea stalk (139 kJ/mol). Also, the changes registered in thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG, ΔH and ΔS give a beneficial sign on the thermal stability of the existing bioconstituents. Torrefaction of the pigeon pea stalk enhances the kinetics and thermodynamic balancing of the biomaterial. The thermally established biomaterial can be stored for a longer period and it can utilize as the bioenergy generating feedstock during idle periods.
Emerging Strategies for the Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Petty W. Jeffrey , Paz-Ares Luis
Published: December 2022

Importance

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease that is characterized by rapid growth and the early development of metastases. Patients typically respond to initial chemotherapy but quickly experience relapse, resulting in a poor long-term outcome. Therapeutic innovations that substantially improve survival have historically been limited, and reliable, predictive biomarkers are lacking.

Observations

This review examines the biologic characteristics of SCLC, the current treatment landscape, and ongoing efforts to identify novel therapeutic targets. Ongoing research has advanced the understanding of molecular categories and the immunologic microenvironment of SCLC, which in turn has helped improve disease classification and staging. Recently, immunotherapy-based regimens have become available for the management of SCLC, with 2 programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 inhibitors approved in combination with chemotherapy for first-line treatment of extensive-stage disease. For second-line treatment, a novel alkylating agent, lurbinectedin, which inhibits oncogenic transcription, has been approved for use in patients with metastatic SCLC. Furthermore, a wide variety of therapies and innovative combination regimens are being continuously evaluated. Potential therapeutic strategies, including aurora kinase A inhibitors, polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitors, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinase 7 inhibitors, delta-like protein 3 agents, antiganglioside agents, CD47 inhibitors, and lysine-specific histone demethylase 1a inhibitors, are also being examined.

Conclusions and Relevance

Therapeutic optimization of SCLC remains a challenge, but recent trial results and drug approvals are encouraging. Advances in research have revealed critical information regarding biologic characteristics of the disease, which may lead to the identification of vulnerabilities and the development of new therapies. Further research focused on identifying biomarkers and evaluating innovative therapies will be paramount to improving treatment outcomes for patients with SCLC.
A clinical mutation in glucokinase causing maturity‐onset diabetes in the young type 2 increases enzyme activity
Authors: Aránguiz Oscar , Rivera Rodrigo , Durruty Pilar , Seelenfreund Daniela , Báez Mauricio
Published: December 2022

Glucokinase (GCK) is the pancreatic β‐cell glucose sensor, and its kinetics are key to that purpose. A slow transition step, displayed as non‐hyperbolic kinetics, and a low affinity for glucose characterize GCK. Mutations in GCK associated with maturity‐onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2) previously described reduce the functionality of the human pancreatic β‐cell, leading to diabetic clinical phenotypes. We present a kinetic characterization of the G448D mutation identified in a MODY2 patient, which is one of the first mutations to exhibit increased functionality. This mutant displays increased activity, high affinity for both Mg2+‐ATP and glucose, hyperbolic kinetics and increased phosphorylation potential. Hyperbolic kinetics and assays in the presence of glycerol indicate that G448D lacks the slow transition step crucial for the pancreatic β‐cell glucose sensor function.
Cotranslational folding of human growth hormone in vitro and in Escherichia coli
Authors: Mermans Daphne , Nicolaus Felix , Baygin Aysel , von Heijne Gunnar
Published: December 2022

Human growth hormone (hGH) is a four‐helix bundle protein of considerable pharmacological interest. Recombinant hGH is produced in bacteria, yet little is known about its folding during expression in Escherichia coli. We have studied the cotranslational folding of hGH using force profile analysis (FPA), both during in vitro translation in the absence and presence of the chaperone trigger factor (TF), and when expressed in E. coli. We find that the main folding transition starts before hGH is completely released from the ribosome, and that it can interact with TF and possibly other chaperones.
Building predictive disease models using extracellular vesicle microscale flow cytometry and machine learning
Authors: Paproski Robert J. , Pink Desmond , Sosnowski Deborah L. , Vasquez Catalina , Lewis John D.
Published: December 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly abundant in human biofluids, containing a repertoire of macromolecules and biomarkers representative of the tissue of origin. EVs released by tumours can communicate key signals both locally and to distant sites to promote growth and survival or impact invasive and metastatic progression. Microscale flow cytometry of circulating EVs is an emerging technology that is a promising alternative to biopsy for disease diagnosis. However, biofluid‐derived EVs are highly heterogeneous in size and composition, making their analysis complex. To address this, we developed a machine learning approach combined with EV microscale cytometry using tissue‐ and disease‐specific biomarkers to generate predictive models. We demonstrate the utility of this novel extracellular vesicle machine learning analysis platform (EVMAP) to predict disease from patient samples by developing a blood test to identify high‐grade prostate cancer and validate its performance in a prospective 215 patient cohort. Models generated using the EVMAP approach significantly improved the prediction of high‐risk prostate cancer, highlighting the clinical utility of this diagnostic platform for improved cancer prediction from a blood test.
Spatial Field
Authors: Bolin David
Published: December 2022

Spatial fields, aka random fields, are important models for analyzing data collected at different spatial locations. This article provides a short introduction to spatial fields for continuously indexed data, focusing on how to construct flexible Gaussian and non‐Gaussian fields. A brief introduction to spatial prediction of random fields is given, and approaches for dealing with the computational problems that arise when using spatial fields to analyze large data sets are discussed.
Press, S. James
Authors: Ghosh Subir
Published: December 2022

S. James (Jim) Press, a distinguished professor emeritus of statistics at the University of California, Riverside (UCR), was a researcher, educator, friend, mentor, and leader in the academic life and statistics profession. His fundamental research contributions in multivariate analysis, Bayesian statistics, cognitive aspects of survey methodology, and their applications in many disciplines have enriched statistical and data sciences. His three statistical and data sciences books are classics, and two of them are available in their second editions. In addition, Jim served most of his work life as a consultant to the Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California, a think tank of social and economic research.
Applications of Conjugate Gradient in Bayesian Computation
Authors: Zhang Lu
Published: December 2022

Conjugate gradient is an efficient algorithm for solving large sparse linear systems. It has been utilized to accelerate the computation in Bayesian analysis for many large‐scale problems. This article discusses the applications of conjugate gradient in Bayesian computation, with a focus on sparse regression and spatial analysis. A self‐contained introduction of conjugate gradient is provided to facilitate potential applications in a broader range of problems.
Phosphanylidenephosphoranes
Authors: Protasiewicz John D. , Hering‐Junghans Christian
Published: December 2022

Phosphanylidenephosphoranes of the general formula RP(PR′
3
) have emerged as a powerful tool in synthetic inorganic chemistry and have found applications in the formation of phosphaalkenes using the so‐called phospha‐Wittig reaction, as well as valuable phosphinidene‐transfer reagents. In addition, the electron‐rich dicoordinate phosphanylidene P‐atom can be utilized in reactions with electrophiles and in the activation of EH bonds. Theoretical investigations clearly show that these species are best described as ylidic phosphanylidene‐σ
4
‐phosphoranes with a negatively charged electron‐rich divalent P‐atom bearing two lone pairs of electrons (LP), of which the p‐type LP is delocalized into symmetry‐adapted σ*‐orbitals of the PR′
3
unit. The PR′
3
unit has been reported to be readily displaced by stronger nucleophiles in an associative manner, which is akin to classical S
N
2‐substitution reactions. This article outlines the synthetic developments in the chemistry of phosphanylidenephosphoranes, provides an overview about the bonding situation, and clearly shows the synthetic versatility of these systems.
Deterministic Manipulation of Multi‐State Polarization Switching in Multiferroic Thin Films
Authors: Chen Chao , Chen Deyang , Li Peilian , Qin Minghui , Lu Xubing , Zhou Guofu , Gao Xingsen , Liu Jun‐Ming
Published: December 2022

Deterministically controllable multi‐state polarizations in ferroelectric materials are promising for the application of next‐generation non‐volatile multi‐state memory devices. However, the achievement of multi‐state polarizations has been inhibited by the challenge of selective control of switching pathways. Herein, an approach to selectively control 71° ferroelastic and 180° ferroelectric switching paths by combining the out‐of‐plane electric field and in‐plane trailing field in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films with periodically ordered 71° domain wall is reported. Four‐state polarization states can be deterministically achieved and reversibly controlled through precisely selecting different switching paths. These studies reveal the ability to obtain multiple polarization states for the realization of multi‐state memories and magnetoelectric coupling‐based devices.
Biotissue‐Inspired Anisotropic Carbon Fiber Composite Hydrogels for Logic Gates, Integrated Soft Actuators, and Sensors with Ultra‐High Sensitivity
Authors: Li Shengnan , Yang Hailong , Zhu Nannan , Chen Guoqi , Miao YueYue , Zheng Jingxia , Cong Yang , Chen Yousi , Gao Junpeng , Jian Xigao , Fu Jun
Published: December 2022

Natural biotissues like muscles, ligaments, and nerves have highly aligned structures, which play critical roles in directional signal transport, sensing, and actuation. Inspired by anisotropic biotissues, composite hydrogels with outstanding mechanical properties and conductivity are developed by compositing thermo‐responsive poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels with highly aligned carbon fibers (CFs). The anisotropic hydrogels show superior tensile strength (3.0 ± 0.3), modulus (74 ± 7.0 MPa), excellent electrical conductivity (≈670 S m−1), and ultra‐high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 647) along CFs, with an anisotropic ratio (AR) up to 740 over those in perpendicular direction. The extremely high AR in conductivity (more than 400) produces high‐level output in parallel direction and low‐level output in perpendicular direction with a direct current (DC) power supply, which is used to fabricate AND and OR gates. Moreover, the composite hydrogels are converted into thermo‐responsive actuators with CFs twisted before compositing with PNIPAM/clay network. The pre‐twisted CF helices impart internal stress that drives reversible actuation of hydrogel helices upon thermo‐stimulating. The actuation is self‐sensed due to the extremely high sensitivity of the composite hydrogels. Such biomimetic anisotropic self‐sensing hydrogel actuators resemble natural biotissues with both actuation and sensing capabilities, and have promise applications for artificial robotics.
In Situ Regulation and Mechanisms of 3D Matrix Stiffness on the Activation and Reversion of Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Chen Guobao , Deng Yaxin , Xia Bin , Lv Yonggang
Published: December 2022

Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key event in the progression of liver fibrosis. HSCs transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts and secrete large amounts of extracellular matrix, resulting in increased liver stiffness. It is difficult for platforms constructed in vitro to simulate the structure, composition, and stiffness of the 3D microenvironment of HSCs in vivo. Here, 3D scaffolds with different stiffness are constructed by decellularizing rat livers at different stages of fibrosis. The effects of matrix stiffness on the proliferation, activation, and reversion of HSCs are studied. The results demonstrate these scaffolds have good cytocompatibility. It is also found that the high stiffness can significantly promote the activation of HSCs, and this process is accompanied by the activation of integrin β1 as well as the nucleation and activation of Yes‐associated protein (YAP). Moreover, the low stiffness of the scaffold can promote the reversion of activated HSCs, which is associated with cell apoptosis and accompanied by the inactivation of integrin β1 and YAP. These results suggest that YAP may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of liver fibrosis and the theoretical feasibility of inducing activated HSCs reversion to the resting state by regulating matrix stiffness of liver.