bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation patterns in horse
Authors: Lee Ja-Rang , Hong Chang Pyo , Moon Jae-Woo , Jung Yi-Deun , Kim Dae-Soo , Kim Tae-Hyung , Gim Jeong-An , Bae Jin-Han , Choi Yuri , Eo Jungwoo , Kwon Yun-Jeong , Song Sanghoon , Ko Junsu , Yang Young Mok , Lee Hak-Kyo , Park Kyung-Do , Ahn Kung , Do Kyoung-Tag , Ha Hong-Seok , Han Kyudong , Yi Joo Mi , Cha Hee-Jae , Cho Byung-Wook , Bhak Jong , Kim Heui-Soo
Published: July 2014

Background

DNA methylation is an epigenetic regulatory mechanism that plays an essential role in mediating biological processes and determining phenotypic plasticity in organisms. Although the horse reference genome and whole transcriptome data are publically available the global DNA methylation data are yet to be known.

Results

We report the first genome-wide DNA methylation characteristics data from skeletal muscle, heart, lung, and cerebrum tissues of thoroughbred (TH) and Jeju (JH) horses, an indigenous Korea breed, respectively by methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing. The analysis of the DNA methylation patterns indicated that the average methylation density was the lowest in the promoter region, while the density in the coding DNA sequence region was the highest. Among repeat elements, a relatively high density of methylation was observed in long interspersed nuclear elements compared to short interspersed nuclear elements or long terminal repeat elements. We also successfully identified differential methylated regions through a comparative analysis of corresponding tissues from TH and JH, indicating that the gene body regions showed a high methylation density.

Conclusions

We provide report the first DNA methylation landscape and differentially methylated genomic regions (DMRs) of thoroughbred and Jeju horses, providing comprehensive DMRs maps of the DNA methylome. These data are invaluable resource to better understanding of epigenetics in the horse providing information for the further biological function analyses.
Nylon 6 electrospun nanofibers mat as effective sorbent for the removal of estrogens: kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Qi Fei-Fei , Cao Yang , Wang Min , Rong Fei , Xu Qian
Published: July 2014

Nylon 6 electrospun nanofibers mat was prepared via electrospinning for the removal of three estrogens, namely, diethylstilbestrol (DES), dienestrol (DS), and hexestrol (HEX) from aqueous solution. Static adsorption as well as the dynamic adsorption was evaluated by means of batch and dynamic disk flow mode, respectively. The kinetic study indicated that the adsorption of the target compounds could be well fitted by the pseudo-second-order equation, suggesting the intra-particle/membrane diffusion process as the rate-limiting step of the adsorption process. The adsorption equilibrium data were all fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm models, with a maximum adsorption capacity values in the range of 97.71 to 208.95 mg/g, which can be compared to or moderately higher than other sorbents published in the literatures. The dynamic disk mode studies indicated that the mean removal yields of three model estrogens were over 95% with a notable smaller amount of adsorbent (4 mg). Thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous in nature. Desorption results showed that the adsorption capacity can remain up to 80% after seven times usage. It was suggested that Nylon 6 electrospun nanofibers mat has great potential as a novel effective sorbent material for estrogens removal.
The obtaining of high-density specimens and analysis of mechanical strength characteristics of a composite based on ZrO2-WC nanopowders
Authors: Gevorkyan Edwin , Melnik Olga , Chishkala Vladimir
Published: July 2014

The structures, processes of shrinkage, and phase composition of the compact system ZrO2-WC, obtained by hot pressing with the transmission of high current, are considered in the article. We found that as a result of compaction, the ZrO2-WC-ceramics have uniform density distribution, with the following optimal mode consolidation values T = 1,350°C, P = 30 MPa and t = 2 min. These conditions allow us to achieve the best combination of ceramic properties by criteria density and strength.
The immunological benefit of higher dose N-acetyl cysteine following mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients
Authors: Najafi Atabak , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba , Ahmadi Keyvan Haji , Abdollahi Mohammad , Mousavi Maryam , Chelkeba Legese , Najmeddin Farhad , Ahmadi Arezoo
Published: July 2014

Background

Sepsis complication is a major cause of death in multiple trauma critically ill patients. Defensin (cysteine rich anti-microbial peptides), as an important component of immune system, might play an important role in this process. There is also rising data on immunological effects of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a commonly used anti-oxidant in oxidative stress conditions and glutathione (GSH) deficiencies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of NAC administration on multiple trauma patients with sepsis.

Methods

In a prospective, randomized controlled study, 44 multiple trauma critically ill patients who were mechanically ventilated and met the criteria of sepsis and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were randomized into two groups . Control group received all standard ICU therapies and NAC group received intravenous NAC 3 gr every 6 hours for 72 hours in addition to standard therapies. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, length of ICU stay, ICU mortality were recorded. Levels of serum Immunoglobulin M (IgM), Human β-Defensin 2 (HβD2) and GSH were assessed at baseline and 24, 72, 120 hours after intervention.

Results

During a period of 13-month screening, 44 patients underwent randomization but 5 patients had to be excluded. 21 patients in NAC group and 18 patients in control group completed the study. For both groups the length of ICU stay, SOFA score and systemic oxygenation were similar. Mortality rate (40% vs. 22% respectively, p = 0.209) and ventilator days (Mean ± SD 19.82 ± 19.55 days vs. 13.82 ± 11.89 days respectively, p = 0.266) were slightly higher for NAC group. IgM and GSH levels were similar between two groups (p = 0.325, 0.125 respectively), HβD2 levels were higher for NAC group (at day 3).

Conclusion

High dose of NAC administration not only did not improve patients’ outcome, but also raised the risk of inflammation and was associated with increased serum creatinine.
Diet-induced (epigenetic) changes in bone marrow augment atherosclerosis
Authors: van Kampen Erik , Jaminon Armand , van Berkel Theo J C , Van Eck Miranda
Published: July 2014

Alterations in DNA methylation patterns in peripheral blood leukocytes precede atherosclerotic lesion development in mouse models of atherosclerosis and have been linked to cardiovascular death in patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term changes induced by WTD feeding on BM cells and the consequences for atherosclerosis susceptibility. Hereto, WTD BM or Chow BM was transplanted into LDLR KO mice on chow. BM from WTD BM recipient mice exhibited hypomethylation of CpG regions in the genes encoding Pu.1 and IRF8, key regulators of monocyte proliferation and macrophage differentiation. In agreement, in blood, the numbers of leukocytes were 40% (P<0.05) higher as a result of an increase in F4/80+ monocytes (3.4-fold; P<0.01). An increase of CD11c++ cells was also found (2.4-fold; P<0.05). Furthermore, spleens were enlarged, and the percentage of F4/80+ cells expressing CD86 was induced (1.8-fold; P<0.01), indicating increased activation of splenic macrophages. Importantly, mice reconstituted with WTD BM showed a significant, 1.4-fold (P<0.05) increase in aortic root plaque size in the absence of changes in serum cholesterol. We conclude that WTD challenge induces transplantable epigenetic changes in BM, alterations in the hematopoietic system, and increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Manipulation of the epigenome, when used in conjunction with blood lipid reduction, could thus prove beneficial to treat cardiovascular disorders.
Increased Serum Free Light Chains Precede the Presentation of Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis
Authors: Weiss Brendan M. , Hebreo Joseph , Cordaro Daniel V. , Roschewski Mark J. , Baker Thomas P. , Abbott Kevin C. , Olson Stephen W.
Published: July 2014

Purpose

Patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) generally present with advanced organ dysfunction and have a high risk of early death. We sought to characterize monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-Ig) light chains before clinical presentation of AL amyloidosis.

Patients and Methods

We obtained prediagnostic sera from 20 cases with AL amyloidosis and 20 healthy controls matched for age, sex, race, and age of serum sample from the Department of Defense Serum Repository. Serum protein electrophoresis with immunofixation and serum free light chain (FLC) analysis were performed on all samples.

Results

An M-Ig was detected in 100% of cases and 0% of controls (P < .001). The M-Ig was present in 100%, 80%, and 42% of cases at less than 4 years, 4 to 11 years, and more than 11 years before diagnosis, respectively. The median FLC differential (FLC-diff) was higher in cases compared with controls at all time periods, less than 4 years (174.8 v 0.3 mg/L; P < .001), 4 to 11 years (65.1 v 2.2 mg/L; P < .001), and more than 11 years (4.5 v 0.4 mg/L; P = .03) before diagnosis. The FLC-diff was greater than 23 mg/L in 85% of cases and 0% of controls (P < .001). The FLC-diff level increased more than 10% per year in 84% of cases compared with 16% of controls (P < .001).

Conclusion

Increase of FLCs, including within the accepted normal range, precedes the development of AL amyloidosis for many years.
Trastuzumab Emtansine in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: An Integrated Safety Analysis
Authors: Diéras Véronique , Harbeck Nadia , Budd G. Thomas , Greenson Joel K. , Guardino Alice E. , Samant Meghna , Chernyukhin Nataliya , Smitt Melanie C. , Krop Ian E.
Published: July 2014

Purpose

The antibody–drug conjugate trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) combines the cytotoxic activity of DM1 with the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –targeted, antitumor properties of trastuzumab. T-DM1 has shown activity in phase I and II single-arm studies in patients with pretreated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and has demonstrated superior efficacy and improved tolerability versus standard MBC treatments in randomized phase II and III studies. This analysis, combining available data from all single-agent T-DM1 studies to date, was conducted to better define the T-DM1 safety profile.

Patients and Methods

Six studies in patients with HER2-positive MBC who received T-DM1 3.6 mg/kg every 3 weeks and follow-up data from patients in an extension study were analyzed. Analyses included adverse events (AEs) by grade; AEs leading to death, drug discontinuation, or dose reduction; and select AEs.

Results

Among 884 T-DM1–exposed patients, the most commonly reported all-grade AEs were fatigue (46.4%), nausea (43.0%), thrombocytopenia (32.2%), headache (29.4%), and constipation (26.5%). The most common grade 3 to 4 AEs were the laboratory abnormalities of thrombocytopenia (11.9%) and increased AST serum concentration (4.3%). These were manageable and not generally associated with clinical symptoms. There were 12 AE-related deaths. AEs resulted in dose reductions in 17.2% of patients and drug discontinuations in 7.0%.

Conclusion

In this analysis of 884 T-DM1–exposed patients, grade 3 or greater AEs were infrequent and typically asymptomatic and manageable. This favorable safety profile makes T-DM1 treatment suitable for exploration in other breast cancer settings.
Front-Line Transplantation Program With Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone Combination As Induction and Consolidation Followed by Lenalidomide Maintenance in Patients With Multiple Myeloma: A Phase II Study by the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome
Authors: Roussel Murielle , Lauwers-Cances Valérie , Robillard Nelly , Hulin Cyrille , Leleu Xavier , Benboubker Lotfi , Marit Gérald , Moreau Philippe , Pegourie Brigitte , Caillot Denis , Fruchart Christophe , Stoppa Anne-Marie , Gentil Catherine , Wuilleme Soraya , Huynh Anne , Hebraud Benjamin , Corre Jill , Chretien Marie-Lorraine , Facon Thierry , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Attal Michel
Published: July 2014

Purpose

The three-drug combination of lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVD) has shown significant efficacy in multiple myeloma (MM). The Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome (IFM) decided to evaluate RVD induction and consolidation therapies in a sequential intensive strategy for previously untreated transplantation-eligible patients with MM.

Patients and Methods

In this phase II study, 31 symptomatic patients age < 65 years were enrolled to receive three RVD induction cycles followed by cyclophosphamide harvest and transplantation. Patients subsequently received two RVD consolidation cycles and 1-year lenalidomide maintenance.

Results

Very good partial response rate or better at the completion of induction, transplantation, and consolidation therapy was 58%, 70%, and 87%, respectively. Maintenance upgraded responses in 27% of patients. Overall, 58% of patients achieved complete response, and 68% were minimal residual disease (MRD) negative by flow cytometry. The most common toxicities with RVD were neurologic and hematologic, including grade 1 to 2 sensory neuropathy (55%), grade 3 to 4 neutropenia (35%), and thrombocytopenia (13%). Two basal cell carcinomas in the same patient and one case of breast cancer were observed. There was no treatment-related mortality. With a median follow-up of 39 months, estimated 3-year progression-free and overall survival were 77% and 100%, respectively. None of the patients who achieved MRD negativity relapsed.

Conclusion

The transplantation program with RVD induction and consolidation followed by lenalidomide maintenance produced high-quality responses and showed favorable tolerability in patients with newly diagnosed MM. Overall, 68% of patients achieved MRD negativity; none of these patients relapsed. This program is being evaluated in the ongoing IFM/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 2009 phase III study.
shRNA-seq data analysis with edgeR
Authors: Dai Zhiyin , Sheridan Julie M. , Gearing Linden J. , Moore Darcy L. , Su Shian , Dickins Ross A. , Blewitt Marnie E. , Ritchie Matthew E.
Published: July 2014

Pooled short hairpin RNA sequencing (shRNA-seq) screens are becoming increasingly popular in functional genomics research, and there is a need to establish optimal analysis tools to handle such data. Our open-source shRNA processing pipeline in edgeR provides a complete analysis solution for shRNA-seq screen data, that begins with the raw sequence reads and ends with a ranked lists of candidate shRNAs for downstream biological validation. We first summarize the raw data contained in a fastq file into a matrix of counts (samples in the columns, hairpins in the rows) with options for allowing mismatches and small shifts in hairpin position. Diagnostic plots, normalization and differential representation analysis can then be performed using established methods to prioritize results in a statistically rigorous way, with the choice of either the classic exact testing methodology or a generalized linear modelling that can handle complex experimental designs. A detailed users’ guide that demonstrates how to analyze screen data in edgeR along with a point-and-click implementation of this workflow in Galaxy are also provided. The edgeR package is freely available from http://www.bioconductor.org.
Analysis of the human resources policy in health care (for example Perevolotskaya cenral district hospital)
Authors: Делигирова  , Deligirova O.
Published: July 2014

The article presents the results of a study of personnel policy in health care (for example Perevolotskaya central district hospital). Formation of an effective personnel policy and organization of personnel management in health care is necessary and urgent task. The article examines the following aspects of personnel policy: satisfaction occupational (work); evaluation of hospital staff; willingness to innovate; training and staff development; personnel motivation. According to research aspects of personnel policy in the health care facility to the following conclusions: the age range of hospital staff corresponds to the period of early maturity with a minimum work experience of 3 years; hospital staff have first and highest category, certificates specialist; the whole staff Perevolotskaya CRH satisfied with their professional activities, and find it interesting obschestvennoznachimoy, however, note the great staff physical activity, as many have to work overtime, which requires additional incentive and motivation; indoor climate in the collective well-being characterized, comfort, lack of acute conflict, low competition and rivalry; the state of labor discipline in the team at all stages of professional hierarchies, is favorable.Results of the study allowed us to develop a system of methodological and organizational support improving personnel policies and HR processes in a health facility.
The impact of demographic processes on the productivity of social labor
Authors: Ильичева  , Ilicheva Yu. , Колотова  , Kolotova S.
Published: July 2014

The article, based on the correlation and regression analysis, we investigate the relationship between demographic processes and productivity of social labor. To this end, consider that processes such as rejuvenation and aging population, fertility, mortality, nuptiality, divorces, migration. As indicators reflecting demographic processes are used: the average age of the population; reproduction rate, indicators of marriage and divorce; ubyvshih number from the Russian Federation and arrivals in the same territory. The result revealed that among all demographic processes and productivity of social labor, there is a close relationship,

which is confirmed by the corresponding regression coefficients. Disclosure extent this relationship possible to determine the factors influencing the growth of national income, including through action on the social and demographic policy of the country.
Choosing relevant organisational culture in the restaurant business
Authors: Зарьков  , Zarkov B.
Published: July 2014

The problem of a choice of an organizational culture adequate to the situation, in which a specific restaurant business is at the moment, is discussed in the article. After a brief analysis of main organizational cultures, their advantages and disadvantages applied to specificity of the restaurant business it is mentioned that the most common culture in this field is the culture of power. The substance of this culture is quite simple. All power and influence are accumulated along the concentric lines, which surround the leader (in the restaurant business this role most likely belongs to the owner) and diminish with increasing distance from him. The main feature of this type of culture is that the relationship with the leader is much more important than a formal position in a company.

Role culture in restaurant business is more effective when life is easily predictable. Although this culture has low tolerance to any sorts of changes. Typical response of a role culture to the changes is disregard. Another common scenario in case of changes for such culture is to continue functioning just like before, but even more insistently and diligently. Task culture in restaurant business is effective during the early stages of development, for example when creating a new restaurant. Another case of its efficiency is applying it during vast changes, like when a restaurant is changing its concept and style. This culture is not typical and is far from being durable in the restaurant business. In case of failure, it should be rapidly transformed into the culture of power, in case of success — into the role culture.

It is stated that there is no universal solution to the problem of choice of an adequate organizational culture in the restaurant business. In every separate case the choice should be individual, based on the size of the business, its stage of development, market conditions and current organizational technology of the restaurant business.
Sea ice algal biomass and physiology in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Arrigo Kevin R. , Brown Zachary W. , Mills Matthew M.
Published: July 2014

Sea ice covers approximately 5% of the ocean surface and is one of the most extensive ecosystems on the planet. The microbial communities that live in sea ice represent an important food source for numerous organisms at a time of year when phytoplankton in the water column are scarce. Here we describe the distributions and physiology of sea ice microalgae in the poorly studied Amundsen Sea sector of the Southern Ocean. Microalgal biomass was relatively high in sea ice in the Amundsen Sea, due primarily to well developed surface communities that would have been replenished with nutrients during seawater flooding of the surface as a result of heavy snow accumulation. Elevated biomass was also occasionally observed in slush, interior, and bottom ice microhabitats throughout the region. Sea ice microalgal photophysiology appeared to be controlled by the availability of both light and nutrients. Surface communities used an active xanthophyll cycle and effective pigment sunscreens to protect themselves from harmful ultraviolet and visible radiation. Acclimation to low light microhabitats in sea ice was facilitated by enhanced pigment content per cell, greater photosynthetic accessory pigments, and increased photosynthetic efficiency. Photoacclimation was especially effective in the bottom ice community, where ready access to nutrients would have allowed ice microalgae to synthesize a more efficient photosynthetic apparatus. Surprisingly, the pigment-detected prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica was an important component of surface communities (slush and surface ponds) where its acclimation to high light may precondition it to seed phytoplankton blooms after the sea ice melts in spring.
Temporal Activity Patterns and Foraging Behavior by Social Wasps (Hymenoptera, Polistinae) on Fruits of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae)
Authors: Barbosa Bruno Corrêa , Paschoalini Mariana Frias , Prezoto Fábio
Published: July 2014

This research was done in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil on february 2012, with objective was to determine which species of social wasps visiting mango fruits, their behaviors displayed  by them while foraging and verify which the species of wasps visitors offer risk of accidents to farmers. The studied area was monitored during February 2012, from 8:00 to 17:00. in a 144 hour effort, and the data collected included the time of activity, diversity, aggressiveness and the general behavior of social wasps around the fruits. There were registered a total of 175 individuals of 12 different species, healthy fruits were damaged during the day, and we registered the abundance and richness peaks throughout the day. This study indicated the needs for special care during the harvest, as aggressive wasps are indeed present and the abundant, resulting in a possible increase of the risk for the workers.
Justifications and Purposes of Negotiated Justice for Corporate Offenders: Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements in the UK and US Systems of Criminal Justice
Authors: Mazzacuva Federico
Published: July 2014

This article offers an overview of the UK regime of deferred prosecution agreements in the Crime and Courts Act 2013, in light of the practice of pre-trial diversion in the USA and the lessons learnt to date. The effectiveness of this new prosecutorial tool is discussed on the basis of judicial statistics and other available data. The transformation in the American system of corporate criminal liability, through guidelines disseminated by the Department of Justice and by the Securities and Exchange Commission, shows an increasing emphasis on two main topics: (1) corporate cooperation with authorities in the prosecution of individuals and (2) corporate governance. In this regard, the article argues for a new concept of corporate blameworthiness, which it seeks to affirm based on the theory of ‘reactive fault’. The article furthermore reflects on problems with regard to the framework of corporate rehabilitation, while outlining possible remedies against prosecutorial abuses.
The nostalgic remediation of cinema in Hugo and Paprika
Authors: Annett Sandra
Published: July 2014

This article addresses the ways in which two recent works of digital cinema, Martin Scorsese’s Hugo (2011) and Satoshi Kon’s Paprika (2006) revive classical (photochemical) cinema through what is termed ‘nostalgic remediation’. Rather than seeing nostalgia as ironic, ahistorical pastiche, as in Fredric Jameson’s description of postmodern nostalgia films, this article asks: how can we understand nostalgia as part of our own lived, affective experience of film within today’s new media ecology? To answer this question, it draws on theories of post-celluloid adaptation and remediation to demonstrate the ambivalent relationships between historical and current media platforms seen in digital cinema. These ambivalences, it is argued, reflect the broader anxieties and aspirations that arise in times of technological and social transition, such as the changes brought about by the digitization of media at the turn of the twenty-first century. Hugo and Paprika perfectly illustrate the delicate tension of nostalgic remediation, which shifts between transcending celluloid cinema and longing for its return; between the recovery and loss of cinema’s historical memory; and between the concepts of old and new media themselves.
Rubén Szuchmacher interviewed by Catherine Silverstone
Authors: Silverstone Catherine
Published: July 2014

Rubén Szuchmacher is an award-winning Argentinian stage and film actor, teacher, director of theatre, musical theatre and opera, choreographer, programmer, dramaturge, translator (including collaborations with Lautaro Vilo) and writer, who has made performance and taught since the 1970s in Argentina and internationally. This interview is based on a conversation that took place between Szuchmacher and Catherine Silverstone on 22 May 2012 in the Film and Drama Studio at Queen Mary University of London as part of the Leverhulme Olympic Talks on Theatre and Adaptation. The interview addresses four key aspects of Szuchmacher’s career in relation to adaptation: (1) shifts in his professional roles (e.g. actor, director), (2) adapting to making work under and after Argentina’s military dictatorship (1976–1983), (3) adapting Shakespeare and (4) adapting autobiographical material in performance. It concludes with a consideration of Szuchmacher’s upcoming projects and ‘the future’. The interview reveals aspects of Szuchmacher’s directorial and performance strategies. In particular, it identifies his commitment to narrative clarity and finding solutions to the challenges of making and adapting work for particular spaces, institutional structures and audiences in the context of sometimes difficult political and personal circumstances.
‘The Watergate Theory of Screenwriting’: A keynote presentation at SRN, Wisconsin, 2013
Authors: Gross Larry
Published: July 2014

One way to start to think about making information in a script interesting is to rephrase the question that was posed by the Watergate investigators about then President Richard Nixon’s knowledge of the criminal deeds of his subordinates. The question reiterated obsessively during the Senate Committee investigation, voiced initially by Tennessee Republican Senator Howard Baker, was … ‘What did the president know, and when did he know it?’. In order to get going, scriptwriters must ask: what do the characters know - about narrative context, about themselves, and about each other, and when do they know it? This essay will explore Akira Kurosawa’s 1952 film, Ikiru (co-written with Shinobu Hashimoto and Hideo Oguni), and how the film is masterfully structured in relation to “who knows what and when.”
‘Want to Cook?’: Static and fluid layering in The Sopranos and Breaking Bad
Authors: Rush Jeff
Published: July 2014

Neo-Baroque scholars argue that, because television serials build their story arc on episodic rather than linear structure, they feature the paradigmatic over the syntagmatic axis of story development. This article will extend that argument, claiming that, unlike three-act structure, serial story structure layers character against generic tropes and, as a result, limits character development. It will propose two such strategies for this layering: the static, where the trope remains the same, and the fluid, where the character moves from one trope to the other in the course of the story. In The Sopranos, the example of static layering, even though Tony Soprano pulls against the trope of the gangster don, he always returns to it. By contrast, in Breaking Bad, the example of fluid layering, Walter White is allowed to move through a series of tropes, evolving as a character as he does. However, the evolution is limited by the theme-and-variations style, which ultimately requires that subsequent variations play off of, and recapitulate, the initial theme.
Reviews
Authors: Batty Craig , Devenish Luke
Published: July 2014

The Screenwriter Activist: Writing Social Issue Movies, Marilyn Beker (2013) New York: Routledge, 186 pp., ISBN: 9780415897150, p/bk, £19.99

Death of the Moguls: The End of Classical Hollywood, Wheeler Winston Dixon (2012) New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 247 pp., ISBN: 978 0813553771, p/bk, £23.95
Stiller at first: A footnote
Authors: Olsson Jan
Published: July 2014

This article disentangles the confusion surrounding the production order of Mauritz Stiller’s film activities during his first months at AB Svenska Biografteatern (Svenska bio)/Swedish Biograph in 1912. Drawing on items from the extensive Stockholm press scene, it can be demonstrated that Stiller’s first film production indeed was the one that was first publicly screened, Mor och dotter/‘Mother and Daughter’ (1912) featuring Stiller, Anna Norrie and Lilly Jacobsson. The article also sheds light on Stiller’s role in Stockholm bohemian circles as local film production was ushered in.
Educación teatral: una propuesta de sistematización
Authors: Vieites García Manuel Francisco
Published: July 2014

Con el paso de los siglos se desarrolla un conjunto de prácticas formativas que configuran el campo de la educación teatral. En España, salvo excepciones, la idea de una educación teatral que vaya más allá de la formación de creadores escénicos en ningún caso goza, pese a sus potencialidades, de una posición similar a la que presenta en países de nuestro entorno. Sin embargo, la integración de los estudios superiores de arte dramático en el Espacio Europeo de la Educación Superior, junto a la presencia en su currículo de una materia de formación básica denominada «pedagogía», hace necesaria la consideración del campo en el que habrán de desarrollar sus actividades los especialistas en pedagogía teatral. Con este trabajo formulamos una aproximación de carácter teórico al campo de la educación teatral y una propuesta de sistematización, con implicaciones en su estudio desde una perspectiva científica y en la formación de formadores.
The Rise and Demise of Ḥaylä Śəllase I Military Museum (1972–1991)
Authors: Märäsa Nəguś Getaččäw
Published: July 2014

Ḥaylä Śəllase I Military Museum first opened its collections to the public on 5 May 1972, on the 31st anniversary of the Victory Day against the Italians. The selection of this particular date indicates the interest of the state to exploit history for personal glorification. In the displays of the museum, the emperor’s central role was highlighted and his imperial artifacts prominently exhibited. Although the museum claimed to depict the military history of the country, it did not have any display that represented the heritage and history of opposition groups. Another important issue of cultural politics in the museum was the issue of how defeat and victory were celebrated in the museum’s displays. The collapse of the imperial regime in 1974 was followed by a period of confusion and instability in the country. The military socialist government ordered the demolition of all heritage related to the ancien regime. The philosophy of the museum was shaped by this socialist ideology. The museum faced a further predicament when the rebel groups organized under the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) overthrew Mängəśtu’s regime and took control of the country in 1991. This paper considers the cultural politics connected to the history of the museum. In particular, it examines the role of heritage in the process of modern nation-building: the appropriation of history and heritage for the purpose of political legitimacy; the celebration of selected heroes and the silencing of others deemed discordant with dominant narratives of the politically powerful; and elite imagination of the history of the Ethiopian empire state as a timeless phenomenon.
Modern possibilities for using stem cells in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dedov Ivan Ivanovich , Lisukov Igor Andreevich , Laptev Dmitry Nikitich
Published: July 2014

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterised by relative or absolute insulin deficiency. The currently available treatment methods for DM cannot provide normal blood glucose level without hypo- or hyperglycaemia episodes, thus failing to completely prevent the development of diabetic complications. Replacement of ?-cells (transplantation of the pancreas or ?-cells) is accompanied by complications and requires life-long immunosuppressive therapy that is not always followed by restoration of insulin independence; there is also a substantial deficit of donors. Stem cells do not cause such negative effects and can be used in therapy to avoid such problems. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is complicated by immune rejection of a transplant, whereas the use of embryonic stem cells is associated with ethical concerns, complicated cell line selection, and risk of teratoma formation. The present review focuses on therapeutic pathways of autologous transplantation of tissue stem cells in order to restore the ?-cell pool, for immune reconstitution and modulation of the immune response in DM patients.
Morphological and functional parameters of the heart and vessels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy
Authors: Bondar' Irina Arkad'evna , Demin Alexander Aristarkhovich , Shabel'nikova Olesya Yur'evna
Published: July 2014

Objective. To evaluate morphological and functional parameters of the heart and vessels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). Materials and methods. A total of 139 patients with DM2 and hypertension (mean age: 53.1?4.9 years; mean duration of hypertension: 9.7?7.8 years) were included in this study. Based on cardiovascular autonomic function test results (electrocardiography, heart rate variability) patients were divided into 2 groups as follows: Group 1 included 40 patients without CAN and Group 2 included 99 patients with CAN. The control group comprised 30 patients with hypertension and normal carbohydrate metabolism (mean age: 53.1?6.0 years; mean duration of hypertension: 10.9?8.5 years). All patients underwent ultrasonography of the heart and common carotid artery. Results. Group 2 patients showed a significant decrease in maximal transmitral flow velocity during early diastolic filling (0.61?0.12 m/s) and a decrease in maximal transmitral flow velocity during late diastolic filling (0.65?0.11 m/s) compared with Group 1 patients (0.66?0.09 m/s and 0.69?0.09 m/s, respectively, р
The effect of fibroblast growth factors and advanced glycation end-products on the intima-media complex thickness in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ivannikova Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Kalashnikov Victor Yurievich , Smirnova Olga Mikhailovna , Kuznetsov Alexander Borisovich , Terekhin Сергей Anatolievich , Il'in Alexander Viktorovich
Published: July 2014

Objective. To determine the levels of fibroblast transforming growth factor (TGF?1), basic fibroblast growth factor (?-FGF), markers of nonspecific inflammatory response (interleukin-6 (IL-6)), C-reactive protein (CRP), advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and their receptors (RAGEs) and to study their effect on the intima-media complex (IMC) thickness in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes, depending on carbohydrate metabolism compensation. Materials and Methods. 37 patients with CHD underwent a general clinical examination, analysis of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism parameters and the renal function, and also were evaluated with instrumental methods of analysis (echocardiography, coronary angiography and duplex scanning of the brachiocephalic arteries). To determine the level of the analyzed parameters, blood samples were taken from the aorta during coronary angiography and concomitantly from the cubital vein in all patients. Results. The presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with CHD was found to be associated with a more severe atherosclerotic disease of the coronary and brachiocephalic vessels. A direct correlation between the degree of stenosis and the level of fibroblast growth factors, inflammatory factors, and advanced glycation end-products was found. A direct correlation between AGE and TGF?1 and the lipid metabolism parameters was established. A statistically significant elevation of the studied parameters in the arterial and venous blood of patients with DM was revealed. Conclusion. These findings confirm the relationship between connective tissue disorders and lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. A negative effect of hyperglycaemia on atherosclerotic changes of the vascular wall was demonstrated.
Pais responsáveis, filhos satisfeitos: As responsabilidades paternas no quotidiano das crianças em idade escolar
Authors: Lima José Albino , Serôdio Rui G. , Cruz Orlanda
Published: July 2014

A paternidade deve perspetivar-se de forma plural realçando a sua matriz biológica, social, legal e simbólica. Consubstancia-se em formas concretas de envolvimento, como a assunção de responsabilidades paternas. Estas dizem respeito ao envolvimento do pai na orientação ética e moral da criança, no sustento económico da família, no apoio emocional, prático e psicossocial à companheira, ou na educação e cuidado dos filhos. Participaram no estudo 346 crianças (8-10 anos; 175 rapazes e 171 raparigas). Utilizou-se a Escala de Responsabilidade Parental para avaliar a perceção das crianças relativamente à forma como os pais assumem responsabilidades parentais, e a Escala de Satisfação com o Envolvimento Parental para avaliar o grau de satisfação dos filhos com as formas de envolvi mento. Os resultados mostram que as crianças consideram que o pai assume mais responsabilidade na dimensão Cuidado e Interesse, a qual relaciona a responsabilidade do pai pelos cuidados básicos, atividades e rotinas do filho. Verifica-se também que o pai continua a desempenhar um papel relevante na dimensão Autoridade e Disciplina, em particular com os rapazes. A assunção da responsabilidade materna relaciona-se com o nível de responsabilidade assumida pelo pai, com exceção da dimensão Escola. Além disso, o jogo e o brincar pai-filho aparece associado com a satisfação da criança e verifica-se que quanto mais o pai assume responsabilidades, maior é a satisfação da criança com o envolvimento do seu pai. Os resultados são enquadrados no modelo tripartido de envolvimento paterno salientando a importância dos processos proximais e o contributo fundamental do pai para o desenvolvimento da criança.
Aumentar a resiliência das crianças vítimas de violência
Authors: Gonçalves Maria José
Published: July 2014

A violência é um fenómeno social cada vez mais generalizado num número cada vez maior de crianças, cada vez mais jovens. O impacto directo do traumatismo, a sua influência sobre o desenvolvimento psicoafectivo da criança e as estratégias de adaptação utilizadas são áreas nas quais se fazem sentir as consequências dos traumatismos. A resiliência é descrita como sendo um factor muito importante que determina a forma como a criança e a família reagem ao traumatismo. A autora analisa de uma forma mais sistemática os maus-tratos que se exercem sobre as crianças pequenas, no seio da família.Baseada na experiência clínica da Unidade da Primeira Infância, descreve alguns aspectos clínicos que vão desde as dificuldades do diagnóstico destas situações, até à sua transmissão transgeracional e finalmente as intervenções terapêuticas que protegem a criança e a ajudam a desenvolveros seus mecanismos de resiliência, face à violência.
Explorando as novas tecnologias em contexto de educação pré-escolar: A actividade de escrita
Authors: Amante Lúcia
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo insere-se no âmbito de uma investigação levada a efeito num Jardim de Infância em que desenvolvemos e acompanhámos um projecto de integração das novas tecnologias no contexto das suas salas de actividades. Ainda que a investigação realizada tivesse procurado, na sua globalidade, contemplar as diversas vertentes de todo o processo, neste artigo procurámos analisar um dos tipos de actividades específicas desenvolvidas com recurso ao computador: a actividadede escrita.Procurámos, no âmbito da abordagem qualitativa que adoptámos, considerar as suas características, a forma como esta actividade é encarada pelas crianças, como se integra e como se foi desenvolvendo no contexto de trabalho das salas de actividades, nomeadamente ao nível das interacções que suscitava, entre as crianças, entre as crianças e os adultos, e entre as crianças e os computadores.
Competências metalinguísticas e aprendizagem da leitura em duas turmas do 1.º ano de escolaridade com métodos de ensino diferentes
Authors: Valente Fátima , Alves Martins Margarida
Published: July 2014

Este trabalho procurou analisar as relações entre o desenvolvimento de competências metalinguísticas e aaprendizagem da leitura, no 1.º ano de escolaridade, através de métodos diferentes. Dois grupos de 19 crianças alfabetizadas, umas pelo método fonémico e outras pelo método silábico, foram avaliadas ao longo de um ano em tarefas de consciência silábica, consciência fonémica, conhecimento do nome das letras e leitura.Os resultados mostraram que o padrão de desenvolvimento das duas competências fonológicas é idênticonos dois métodos; e que o método silábico desenvolve mais não só a consciência silábica mas também a consciência fonémica. Confirmaram-se os resultados de estudos anteriores que evidenciaram fortes relações entre o desenvolvimento destas competências e a leitura. Os dados apoiam a ideia de que, para o sucesso na aprendizagem da leitura em português, são importantes tanto a consciência silábica como a consciência fonémica.A análise conjunta dos resultados sugere que o método silábico evita o aumento da influência das diferenças individuais na consciência silábica e na consciência fonémica sobre o desempenho em leitura, enquanto que o método fonémico acentua o efeito dessas diferenças. Relativamente ao conhecimento do nome das letras, os dados parecem indicar que possui um papel importante no sucesso em leitura, ao longo de todo ano e independentemente do método.
Aconselhamento psicológico a jovens do Ensino Superior: Uma abordagem psicodinâmica e desenvolvimentista
Authors: Dias Graça Figueiredo
Published: July 2014

Neste artigo propomo-nos explanar um modelo teórico do desenvolvimento psicológico, que consideramos permitir compreender a maioria das dificuldades que os jovens do Ensino Superior trazem para o aconselhamento, e um modelo de intervenção no aconselhamento individual dele resultante. O modelo teórico surgiu ele próprio de um vaivém dialéctico entre a prática clínica e a reflexão sobre essa prática, à luz dos modelos do desenvolvimento de vários autores psicodinâmicos. Reflexão que nos permitiu encontrar comunalidades e complementaridades entre esses modelos, apesar da utilização de terminologias diferentes pelos seus autores. O modelo teórico elaborado serviu de quadro de leitura a uma investigação empírica que permitiu consubstanciar a sua pertinência. A partir deste modelo propõe-se um modelo de intervenção que se inscreve num quadro de terapia breve psicodinâmica, o qual será explanado resumidamente e ilustrado com um caso clínico. São discutidas as vantagens e os limites deste modelo de intervenção.
Percepções do ensino pelos alunos: Uma proposta de instrumento para o Ensino Superior
Authors: Morais Natércia , Almeida Leandro S. , Montenegro M. Irene
Published: July 2014

Apresentamos a validação do questionário Percepções do Ensino pelos Alunos (PEA), inspirado no Student’s Evaluation of Educational Quality (SEEQ; Marsh, 2001), tomando 41 962 questionários recolhidos no segundo semestre de 2003/04 na Universidade do Minho. A partir dos coeficientes de correlação entre os itens por dimensões do questionário, procedemos à redução de 33 para 23 itens. A estrutura factorial não replica os nove factores ou dimensões de Marsh (2001), embora se encontrem cinco factores de forma consistente: (i) qualidade ou valor das aprendizagens proporcionadas; (ii) aspectos sócio-relacionais do processo ensino/aprendizagem; (iii) características do próprio ensino e do currículo; (iv) considerações sobre a avaliação; e, (v) confronto pessoal do aluno com as características e as exigências da disciplina. Para uma análise mais fina dos dados, é possível agrupar os itens nas nove dimensões de Marsh: (i) Relevância da Aprendizagem; (ii) Empenhamento Docente; (iii) Organização/Clareza; (iv) Interacção da Turma; (v) Relação Docente/Aluno; (vi) Profundidade na Abordagem dos Assuntos; (vii) Avaliação/Classificações; (viii) Trabalhos/Leituras; e, (ix) Carga de Trabalho/Dificuldade da disciplina. Na generalidade das dimensões observou-se um efeito de interacção do ano curricular da disciplina e da tipologia de aula, verificando-se percepções mais positivas dos alunos em relação aos docentes de disciplinas dos últimos anos dos cursos e aos docentes das aulas práticas.
Introdução à psicoterapia existencial
Authors: Teixeira José A. Carvalho
Published: July 2014

Neste artigo o autor introduz diferentes modalidades de psicoterapia existencial. Faz uma descrição breve das várias propostas terapêuticas, nomeadamente análise do Dasein, logoterapia, psicoterapia existencial humanista norte-americana, psicoterapia existencial de Laing, psicoterapia existencial britânica, psicoterapia existencial breve e psicoterapia existencial sartreana.
Difficulties encountered in the application of the phenomenological method in the social sciences
Authors: Giorgi Amedeo
Published: July 2014

While it is heartening to see that more researchers in the field of the social sciences are using some version of the phenomenological method, it is also disappointing to see that very often some of the steps employed do not always follow phenomenological logic. In this article several dissertations are reviewed in order to point out some of the difficulties that are encountered in attempting to use some version of the phenomenological method. Difficulties encountered centered on the phenomenological reduction, the use of imaginative variation and the feedback to subjects.
Para um racional bioniano de interpretação dos dados projectivos
Authors: Delgado Luís
Published: July 2014

Com o presente artigo o autor procura enriquecer a compreensão e pratica da metodologia projectiva, especialmente do Thematic Apperception Test, através de uma aproximação dinâmica utilizando, pela primeira vez, o aparelho conceptual de W. Bion e afastando-se do modelo psicanalítico clássico, isto é, da metodologia freudiana e do modelo estrutural edipiano. São utilizados os seguintes conceitos bionianos: transformações psíquicas, identificação projectiva na relação continente/conteúdo, tolerância/intolerância à frustração. O artigo termina abordando o problema, nas técnicas projectivas, da relação entre percepção e pensamento assim como uma nova compreensão do “processo-TAT”.