bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ichthyofaunal Diversity Correlates Hydrological Parameters in Wetlands of Nameri National Park and its Adjacent Area, Assam, India
Authors: Mili Sangeeta , Kumar Saikia Prasanta
Published: December 2022

Excessive anthropogenic activities such as heavy fishing, the fish fauna in northeast India has been declining at a rapid rate. The wetlands in Nameri National Park (NNP) witness the severe decline of fish fauna due to overfishing and human interference in the buffer zone. The present study has been carried out from May 2017 to April 2019 in 12 random sampling sites. A total of 79 fish species were recorded belonging to 6 orders and 24 families. The order Cypriniformes was found to be dominant with 44 fish species followed by Siluriformes with 18 species, Perciformes with 11 species, Synbranchiformes with 4 species, and Beloniformes and Cluepiformes with one species each. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (3.81), Margalef richness index (8.07), Pielou’s evenness index (0.59) was high, while Simpson dominance index (0.02) was low in the pre-monsoon season, which indicates that during pre-monsoon the fish diversity has been highest than the other seasons of the year. As far as biodiversity status (IUCN Status) is concerned, 78.48% Least Concern (LC), 3.79% Data Deficient (DD), 5.06% Not Evaluated (NE), 7.59% Near Threatened (NT), 2.53% Vulnerable (VU) and 2.53% Endangered (EN) respectively. However, two vulnerable and endangered species have been found during the survey.
Bending and cutting characteristics of the Cotton stalk
Authors: Kumar Ch Sravan , Prakash K.V. , Reddy Sanjeeva , Sushilendra  , P. Vijaykumar  , Krishnamurty  , M. Nemichandrappa
Published: December 2022

The bending stress, modulus of elasticity and cutting energy was measured for Cotton stalks. The bending force was measured by a cantilever beam test in field at different moistures contents and at height of 100 mm and different stalkgirths, the bending stress and modulus of elasticity was determined from these data. The cutting energy was measured by using pendulum impact tester. Maximum bending stress of 7.85 MPa was observed at 26 mm stalk girth with 10 ±5 % (w.b) moisture content. Minimum bending stress of 2.55 MPa was observed at 14 mm girth with 30±5 %(w.b) moisture content. Maximum modulus of elasticity of 40.29 MPa was observed at 26 mm girth with 10±5 % %(w.b) moisture content. Minimum modulus of elasticity of 23.14 MPa was observed at 14 mm girth with 30±5 % (w.b) moisture content. It was observed that the maximum cutting energy of 583.37 kJ were observed for 26 mm stalk girth with 10 ±5 % (w.b) moisture content and minimum cutting energy of 72.32 kJ was observed at 30 ± 5 % (w.b) moisture content (w.b) for 14 mm stalk girth. Bending stress increased as the stalk girth increased and decreased as the moisture content increased. Modulus of elasticity increased as the stalk girth increased and decreased as the stalk moisture increased. The cutting energy of cotton stalk increased as the moisture content decreased and the stalk girth increased. The velocity of cut increased as the stalk girth increased at all three moisture contents.
Weed Control Efficiency and Grain Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Pre and Post- Emergence herbicides
Authors: Kaur Davinderpal , Singh Chhina Gurbax , Kaur Rupinder
Published: December 2022

The present investigation entitled “Weed control efficiency and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” under Pre-and Post-Emergence Herbicides”was carried out at student research farm, Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College Amritsar. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam texture with normal pH and electrical conductivity, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 12 treatments comprising T1 (Control), T2 (Pinoxaden 50 ml at 28 days after sowing (DAS), T3 (Pinoxaden 50 ml at 42 days after sowing (DAS), T4 (Pinoxaden 50 ml at 56 days after sowing (DAS), T5 (Pendimethalin 750 ml), T6 (Pendimethalin 750 ml + T2 ), T7 (Pendimethalin750 ml + T3 ), T8 (Pendimethalin 750 ml + T4 ), T9 (Pendimethalin 1000 ml), T10 (Pendimethalin 1000 ml + T2 ), T11 (Pendimethalin 1000 ml + T3 ), T12 (Pendimethalin 1000 ml + T4 ) replicated thrice. From the experiment it was observed that T10 (Pendimethalin 1000 ml + T2 ) was found most effective in controlling weed population, dry matter accumulation of weeds and produced higher grain yield, straw yield and weed control efficiency than T7 , T8 , T5 , T3 , T4 and least were in T1. Treatment T10 remained at par in terms of growth and yield attributes to T11, T12, T9 , T6 , T2 and was significantly better than T3 , T4 , T5 , T7 and T8 . All the weed control treatments produced significantly higher returns than the control.
Assessment of Water Quality in Safilguda Lake, Hyderabad using Water Quality Index
Authors: Rohini A.  , Reddy P. Manikya
Published: December 2022

In the present study,Water Quality Index (WQI) was used to assess the quality of water in Safilguda lake. Safilguda lake was the source of drinking for the Nawabs and British authorities and was also the source of irrigation to the farmers. But today the agricultural fields have turned into housing colonies and multistorey complexes which led to the deterioration of lake water by direct entry of sewage into the lake. Three sampling stations were selected within the lake for the collection of surface water samples at monthly intervals for a period of one year. The water samples were analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters by following the standard procedures. For calculating WQI, ten physico-chemical parameters were considered such as pH, alkalinity, chlorides, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrates, sulphates, total dissolved solids and dissolved oxygen. From the water quality index, the lake water quality was determined. On the basis of WQI classification, the water quality status ratings clearly indicates that the Safilguda lake has poor water quality due to the discharge of untreated domestic waste water from the surrounding residents and religious activities like immersion of Ganesh idols made up of plaster of paris and the lakewater is unsuitable for drinking, domestic and recreational purposes. The water quality rating study also exhibits eutrophic condition of the lake.
Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari, Ixodidae) in Hot Arid Region of Bikaner, India
Authors: Changal Harish Kumar , Purohit R.K. , G. Nagarajan  , Sivalingam P.N. , N. Bhojak
Published: December 2022

The main objective of this study was to investigate the Morphological and Molecular identification with phylogenetic analysis of camel ticks Hyalomma dromedarii found on one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in hot arid region of Bikaner. For this purpose, a total of 205 ticks were collected from camels in various location of the Bikaner city and NRCC, Bikaner, during summer of 2009. In these location highest suspected species infesting the camels belongs to only Hyalomma genus in summer season of 2009 have been found and reported in the Ph.D. thesis of the first author. The large majority of them are Hyalomma dromedaii (90%) was identified by using DNA based techniques (Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COXI) gene) and its specific morphologically features examined and dorsal and ventral view are showing in male and female and the ratio of male ticks (60%) was more than female ticks (40%). Phylogenetic analysis study demonstrated that H. dromedarii ticks in the hot region of Bikaner are very similar at the genetic level from hot region of Kenya and Ethiopia, because sequence analysis revealed that COXI gene of H. dromedarii from Bikaner shared 99.1–99.2 % sequence identity at the nucleotide level with H .dromedarii isolatesfrom Kenya and Ethiopia.
Biodiversity of Ostracods In Kozhappalur Lake, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Chandra N. Uma , Revathi K.  , Rekha V.  , M. Noornissabegum
Published: December 2022

The present study is based on planktonic Ostracods collected from Kozhappalur Lake twice a month over a period of one years (January, 2019 to December, 2019). In total, seven species belonging to six genera were identified. The detailed description of Ostracods recorded during this study is presented for substantiating the taxonomic relevance of the study.
Studies on size, sterility and germination of pollen grains of certain members of the family Malvaceae
Authors: Lakshmi K Geetha , Mathew P.M. , P. Thomas Rogimon , C.T. Chandralekha
Published: December 2022

The present study attempted to evaluate the pollen size, percentage of sterility using acetocarmine, percentage of germination in sucrose medium among the members of the family Malvaceae like Malvaviscus arboreus Cav., Sida rhombifolia L., Urena lobata L. Hibiscus furcatus Roxb. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. and Gossypium arboreum L. Regarding the size pollen grains of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis showed largest pollen. The smallest pollen grains belong to Urena lobata, L. The pollen sterility using acetocarmine indicated that the pollens of Hibiscus furcatus were completely fertile, while Sida rhombifolia showed highest amount of sterility. The germination of pollen grain in sucrose medium indicated that the pollen grain of all the members studied showed poor germination.
Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Surface Water from Coastal Areas of Ernakulam District, Kerala, South West Coast of India
Authors: C.N. Shaginimol  , B. Manojkuma  , S.Kaliraj
Published: December 2022

The concentration of heavy metals and their spatial distribution in surface waters collected from coastal areas of Ernakulam District, Kerala, India were analyzed for this study. The heavy metals concentrations (Zn, Ni, Cd, cu, and Pb) of samples collected from 8 typical sites were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Multivariate statistical analysis method such as Spearman’s correlation coefficient, PCA, and cluster analysis are the methods used for the identification of the heavy metal sources and its relationship between pollutants in surface water. The complete analysis revealed the main source of heavy metal contamination was due Ni and Cd moderate, very low level by Pb, Zn and Cu. The principal component analysis and the correlation analysis showed a positive loading for Ni because of its higher level of pollution. The input for the heavy metal contamination was mainly the anthropogenic inputs such as municipal waste water, sewage discharge, aquaculture waste and fishing activities. The findings of this study revealed the water body is facing the risk of anthropogenic pollution due to heavy metals thereby increasing the toxicity in the coastal environment and affecting the ecosystem.
Marker Assisted Introgression of QTL (qDTY1.1) for Grain Yield under Drought at Reproductive Stage in Oryza sativa L. cv. Sita from Nagina -22
Authors: Kumar Rishav , Singh P. K. , Deo Prasad Bishun , Satyendra  , Kumar Anand , Kumar Mankesh
Published: December 2022

Rice is the second major crop in the world in terms of area and production but due to change in environmental conditions, it is being affected by drought. Numerous rice varieties have been developed through conventional breeding method which takes a several years for its release and the varieties released Though this method may not be adequate to meet the future demand of growing populations. With the advancement of marker assisted breeding (MAB) along with the discovery of new QTLs, acted as a milestone in marker assisted introgression for development and release of variety. In the present research work emphasis has been given on introgression of QTL qDTY1.1 since it has been reported by researchers that it plays crucial role in drought tolerance which is located near to sd-1 gene. So, in the present investment, introgression of qDTY1.1 has been carried out from Nagina-22 in the background of local rice cultivar Sita. SSR marker RM431 was used for foreground selection while recombinant selection was carried out through RM3825 and RM12091. Background selection was performed with 49 polymorphic SSR markers. Maximum recovery obtained for BC2 F1 line was 79.59%. All positive BC2 F1 lines developed were subjected to further breeding and field trial. The results showed that Sita could be efficiently converted into a drought tolerant variety through backcross followed by selfing and selection, involving a time of two to three years. This approach demonstrates the effective use of marker assisted backcross breeding for introgression of qDTY1.1 in a molecular breeding programme.
Forgiving Roads Design – Way to achieve SDG 3.6
Authors: Choudhary Pratibha , Arora Prerana
Published: December 2022

Road engineering is a major component of entire road ecosystem and its design plays a significant role in creating safe or unsafe road environment for any crash to be happen or not. Pillar 2 of Decade of Action for Road Safety talks about “Safer Road Infrastructure” where roads are to be designed to meet atleast 3 star safety ratings to 5 star ratings of safety standards of all types of road users – pedestrians, bicyclists, 2- wheeler and four wheeler motorized vehicles. Thus, a concept of Forgiving roads adopted where roads are designed with considering safety features that accepts the mistakes of road users and reduces the chances of intensity of fatalities and injuries on roads.
Magnetic Treatment of Irrigation Water and its Influence on Radish (Raphanus sativus) crop: A Green Technology
Authors: Kishore Gottam , Kumar Singh Ranjay , Saxena C.K. , Rajwade Yogesh A.
Published: December 2022

Implementation of water treatment technologies for poor quality water may help reduce dependency on freshwater. One promising technology among water treatment technologies is magnetic water treatment (MWT). This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of bore water, hard water (1000 ppm) and saline water (electrical conductivity of 3 dS/m) on the plant biometric parameters and the yield of the radish. The water was treated in three stages: electrolysis, de-ionization and magnetization. In the pot culture experiment conducted, leaf length and leaf area index (LAI) was maximum under magnetized bore water treatment which was 22.7 cm and 6.2 compared to all other treatments respectively. The fresh weight (66.2 g) was highest in magnetically treated bore water, which was statistically significant over control. Among bore water treatments, the average yield per plant (48.5 t/ha) was maximum under magnetized bore water over control (43.9t/ha). Overall, the findings suggest that magnetically treated irrigation water positively influences plant growth parameters and the yield of radish.
Influence of pre cut foliar application of plant growth substances on propagation of pomegranate
Authors: Pawar Yogesh , Varma L.R. , More S.G , Verma Piyush , Jat R.K.
Published: December 2022

An experiment entitled, Influence of pre cut foliar application of plant growth substances on multiplication of pomegranate through sub apical cutting was carried out with two factors viz., time of cutting three levels and plant growth substances with four repetitions.The results of the study revealed that, significantly early sprouting (9.61 days), maximum number of shoots (2.41) and shoot length (10.85 cm) per cutting at 60 days after planting, maximum number of roots (8.40) and root length (7.61 cm) per cutting at 60 days after planting was recorded with treatment c1 (Cutting taken at 3 days after spraying). Among the treatments of growth substances, significantly early sprouting (9.27 days), highest survival percentage (80.98) at 45 days after planting, highest length shoot per cutting at 60 days after planting (12.08 cm), maximum number of roots (9.36) and root length (8.47 cm) per cutting at 60 days after planting was recorded with treatment p1 (spray of ethrel 1000 ppm). Use of pomegranate cutting after three days of foliar spray of ethrel 1000 ppm on mother plant for getting early sprouting, highest survival, maximum number and length of shoots and roots of cutting under green house.
Comparative Phytochemical study of total compound of Glycyrhiza glabra (Yasthimadhu) and Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and their antimicrobial activity
Authors: Chandra Paul Dhiman , Afridi Sahil , Loying Surjya , Saikia Devabrata , Bhattacharjee Minakshi , Bhagawati Prasenjit , Kashyap Manash Pratim , Parasar Deep Prakash
Published: December 2022

The study was carried out to identify the phytochemicals present in total compound of the medicinal plants Glycyrhiza glabra (Yasthimadhu) and Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy). The antimicrobial sensitivity of the total compound was checked against Gram Negative Bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram Positive Bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Water and solvent extract of both the samples were tested for different phytochemical test. In case of solvent extract of total compound of both samples S1 and S2, sample1 (Glycyrrhiza glabra) showed the better antimicrobial activity result then sample2 (Tinospora cordifolia) against both microorganism Staphyllococcus aureas (gram +ve) and Escherichia coli (gram –ve). Where was in case of water extract of total compound of both sample S1 and S2, S1 and S2 showed the almost same antimicrobial activity against Staphyllococcus aureas (gram +ve) but against Escherichia coli (gram –ve) sample2 (Tinospora cordifolia) showed the better antimicrobial activity then sample1 (Glycyrrhiza glabra).
Exploring the Status, Prospects and Constraints of Riverbed Cultivation in Cooch Behar district of West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Pintu , Panda Subhrajyoti , Modak Satarupa , Das Litan , Mohapatra Shruti , Chartejee Ranjit , Mondal Sabita , Torab Ali Golam , Ghosh Shrabantika , Pal P.K.
Published: December 2022

Riverbed farming is a sustainable, productivity-enhancing technology suitable for dissemination in other appropriate areas. It has been shown to be economically viable, environmentally sustainable, socially acceptable and technologically appropriate for landless and land-poor farmers in the Terai region. The study was conducted on five villages from three riverbed systems with 20 respondents from each village thereby totaling number of 100 respondents. The data were collected on information about riverbed cultivation, marketing of riverbed products, prospects of riverbed cultivation and constraints of riverbed cultivation. The results shows that 100% respondents give first rank to proper utilization of riverbed land for adopting riverbed cultivation and 100% accept that they have used income from riverbed cultivation to setup other occupations. It was also shown that most of the farmers sell their produce through middlemen from the farm that was 75% in Singimari river bed system followed by 65% in Torsha and 60% in Shiltorsha respectively and transportation was the most important constraint having mean value 2.83
Effect of spacing on Growth, Yield and Quality characters of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)
Authors: Thakur Saloni , Kathayat Khushboo , Rawat Monisha , Kaur Darpreet , Srivastava Mohita
Published: December 2022

Optimum plant spacing is important for crop production through the plants’ efficient utilization of light, nutrients, and water. The present study was done to find out the impact of spacing on growth, yield and quality of cauliflower. The work was carried out with five different spacing along with three replications in randomized block design. It was observed that treatment S (60 X 50 cm) was the best treatment for more growth, high yield, and better quality with more profit it may be due to wide spacing and more absorptions of nutrients by plant from soil then the lesser spacing
A-review: on Nutritional and Medicinal Importance of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus species)
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Tripathi Vishal , Kumari Amrita , Chaudhary Vimal , Kumawat Priyanka
Published: December 2022

Dragon fruit Hylocereus species is a recent table fruit and very much liked for its refreshing juice. The fairly low maintenance, succulent hardy nature high yielding, better keeping quality and survival low irrigation make dragon fruit a paying proposition. It is belongs to family Catacaeae. This is due to its special colour (especially red/purple pigments in red-flesh dragon fruit), high nutritional values and ant-oxidative properties of the fruit. Dragon fruit having heavy nutritional value energy 264 Kcal, water 87 g,protein1.1 g, fat 0.4 g, carbohydrate 11.0 g, fiber 3g, calcium 8.5 mg, iron 1.9 mg, phosphorus 22.5 mg,vitamin B1 (Thiamine) 0.04 mg, vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 0.05 mg and vitamin B3 (Niacin) 0.16 mg per 100 g fruit pulp. It is very useful for lower blood sugars in type 2 diabetes. Dragon fruit is beneficial for carbohydrate metabolism, heart tissues, and teethes, healthy blood and tissue formation strengthening bones due to high calcium content, strengthening immune system, faster healing of bruises and wounds, respiratory tract infections and even as a mild laxative due to substantial fibre content. Dragon fruit has low cholesterol concentration, to balance blood sugar concentration, to prevent colon cancer, to strengthen kidney function and bone, to strengthen the brain workings, increasing the sharpness of the eyes as well as cosmetic properties. The seeds of dragon fruits are high in polyunsaturated fats that reduce triglycerides and lower the risk of cardiovascular disorders.
Growth surveillance of Catla catla fingerlings fed on potato peel diet
Authors: Ansari Mansha , Singh Nandita
Published: December 2022

Large amounts of potatoes are presently used to prepare value-added food items to fulfil the requirement, particularly from the fast food and packaged foods industries. As a result, large amounts of peels are produced, posing a serious disposal dilemma for the business, especially given the growing awareness of the importance of limiting environmental effect and ensuring long-term sustainability. The present study was done by incorporating 5%, 10% and 20% potato peel in the diet of Catla catla. Long term dietary study showed the highest percentage weight gain in 20% potato peel diet, followed by 10 % potato peel, 5% potato peel and control. Similarly results was seen in the gain of length of the fish. Highest percentage length gain was observed in 20% potato peel diet followed by 10 % potato peel, 5% potato peel and control. Throughout study, the fish remained healthy and survival rate was 100 %.
Population dynamics of important insect pests of Black gram and their correlation with abiotic factors
Authors: Chauhan Jyotsana , Verma Tarun , Jakhar Anil , Kumar Rakesh , Saini Rahul , Bhall Ritu
Published: December 2022

Black gram is an important pulse crop, which observes 30-50 % losses in yield due to insect pest damage. It is crucial to understand the spectrum of pest damaging it in field, and their response to the prevailing environmental conditions. Population dynamics of important insect pests and their correlation with abiotic factors was studied at CCS HAU, Hisar during kharif 2020. The study was carried out from July, 2020 i.e., 30th standard meteorological week (SMW) to October 2020 (39th standard meteorological week). Insect pests whose infestation was recorded during this period includes Bemisia tabaci, Empoasca kerri, Clavigralla gibbosa, Riptortus pedestris, Maruca vitrata and Trichoplusia ni. No infestation of Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura was recorded. Natural enemies like Coccinella septumpuctata and spiders were also observed. Out of these, whitefly was observed as most important insect pest causing significant damage to crop. Whitefly incidence commenced in 30th-SMW (19.70 adult/cage) and continued till 39th-SMW (13.35 adult/cage) with its peak population in 31st-SMW (41.75 adult/cage). Rainfall was recorded to be the major factor affecting the population of whitefly adult as significant and negative correlation was reported between the two (r = -0.682*). Further highly significant and negative correlation was observed between spotted pod borer larvae and wind speed (r = -0.792**). This study provides basic understanding about the range of pests damaging crop, and their behavior towards various abiotic factors.
Effect of different sources and application mode of zinc and vermicompost on macro and micronutrient availability in sandy loam soil
Authors: Sardar Suhal , Shahi U.P. , Prashad Rajendra , Pandey Sharad
Published: December 2022

Field experiments on rice crop were conducted on sandy loam soil at crop research center chirodi of SVBP university of Agriculture and Technology Meerut during 2011 and 2012 to evaluate “Effect of different sources and application mode of zinc and vermicompost on residual soil fertility in sandy loam soil”. The treatments comprised of 4 sources of Zn (zinc sulphate heptahidrate, mono zinc sulphate, chelated zinc and micronutrient mixture) and vermicompost with the combination of RDF (NPK @ 120:60:60) in different mode of application (soil application and foliar spray). There were 12 treatments combinations replicated thrice in a factorial randomized block design. The vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1 were applied before transplanting with the combination of RDF during 2011 and 2012. While the graded level of Zn were applied at the time of transplanting, tillering and panicle initiation. The experimental soil was low in organic carbon and available nitrogen and medium in phosphorus and higher in potassium with slightly alkaline in pH. NPK availability in soil at harvest stage was influenced significantly by different treatments during both the years. The highest availability of N (228.36 and 241.44), P (25.17 and 26.29) and K (260.54 and 259.22) kg ha1 during 2011 and 2012 was found in T2 (100% RDF) and it is similar to the treatment T12 where VC @ 3 ton ha-1 + RDF was applied. The highest zinc availability 2.53 and 2.24 ppm during 2011 and 2012 found in T3 (5kg Zn ha-1 through ZnSO4 ) was significantly higher than the rest of the treatments while minimum zinc availability recorded in T1 (control). The application of 3t ha-1 vermicompost with recommended NPK in rice crop significantly increased the content of DTPA- extractable Cu, Fe and Mn in soil and also similar to the T11 where micronutrient mixture with recommended NPK was used during both the years. There is no appraisal change was found in soil pH, EC, during both the years.
Microcosm investigation on the allelochemic potential of Ageratum conyzoides on selected food crop
Authors: Syngkli Roger Bruce , Lallianpuii Sarah , Kumar Rai Prabhat
Published: December 2022

Invasive alien plants like Ageratum conyzoides influence the growth, yield, development, and productivity of food crops. The various allelochemicals present in A. conyzoides exert stimulatory or inhibitory effects on the food crops. In this microcosm investigation through pot experiments, we evaluated the allelopathic potential of A. conyzoides on the germination and seedling growth of a leafy vegetable of nutritional value i.e., Lactuca sativa. The soil samples were collected from two different sites i.e., healthy forest soil and soil invaded by A. conyzoides. The healthy forest soil was considered as control pot while A. conyzoides invaded soil was selected for the experimental pot. The inhibitory effect of the invasive plant was observed on the tested crop of dietary value in human nutrition. The results revealed that the germination of the seeds is inhibited and suppressed by A. conyzoides. Microcosm studies demonstrated that out of the 15 seeds planted on both pots, 13 seeds germinated and thrived on the experimental pot and 14 on the control pot. The seedling height (32.1 cm), shoot length (27.65 cm), seedling biomass (1.866 g) and vigor index (6.829) were recorded higher in the experimental pot. Whereas, the root length (4.8 cm), germination potential (0.93), germination percentage (93.33%), germination index (4.66) and germination rate index (434.91) were noted higher in the control pot. A. conyzoides therefore showed both the inhibitory and stimulatory effects on L. sativa and thereby exhibited both positive and negative allelopathic effects. Further, bioassay experiments with other bioassay crops can elucidate the chemical ecology and allelopathy potential of A. conyzoides
Comparison of different plant densities and fertilization on growth and yield attributes of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) under the Eastern zone of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Sanodiya Lalit Kumar , Umesha C.  , Kumar Manoj , Meshram M. R.
Published: December 2022

To investigate the effect of spacing and nitrogen level on Quinoa growth and yield, a field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj (UP) in 2019-20 and 2020-21. The Split Plot Technique was used to duplicate 20 treatments with varying combinations of crop stand geometry and nitrogen delivery doses using urea. The major goal of the study was to determine how crop stand geometry and nitrogen treatment dosages affected Quinoa development and yield. Crop stand geometry include (15 x 10) cm, (25 x 10) cm, (35 x 10) cm, and (45 x 10) cm, with nitrogen management options including control, 25 Kg/ha, 50 Kg/ha, 75 Kg/ha, and 100 Kg/ha of RDN. Growth attributes viz., leaf area and number of leaves significant and maximum were recorded in the treatment spacing and (S4 ) crop spacing 45cm x 10 cm except leaf area index because it was recorded in (S1 ) crop spacing 15 cm x 10 cm, respectively. Based on the data obtained of yield and yield attributes significant and maximum by planting (S1 ) crop spacing 15cmx10cm (Grain yield, 2.35 and 2.33 t/ha) and (S4 ) crop spacing 45 cm x 10 cm spacing (Number of panicle per plant, 19.75 and 16.93) and (Number of spikelet’s per panicle, 18.67 and 16.65) during both the year, respectively. Nitrogen management treatment rate of 100 kg/ha of RDN was recorded significant and maximum growth attributes and yield attributes (Number of panicle per plant, 19.32 and 16.34), (Number of spikelet’s per panicle, 18.78 and 18.02) (Grain yield, 2.27 and 2.30 t/ha) during both the year, respectively.
Contamination of groundwater with heavy metals and its impact on soil and plants – A review
Authors: Srikanth Humnabad , Kumari Kamini , Meena Ramawatar
Published: December 2022

Heavy metals are naturally occurring compound elements that exist in many forms in the environment and the Earth’s biosphere. It is any metallic chemical element with a high density that is hazardous or dangerous at tiny concentrations. Mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and nickel are examples of heavy metals (Ni). These elements are mostly found in water and soil. These natural elements are created by the weathering of parent materials and should occur as a result of human actions. Heavy metal contamination is a severe issue due to its toxicity and ease of propagation in the biotic world. It also has serious consequences for animals, soils, crops, and humans. In this work, we will primarily examine heavy metal contamination in groundwater and its impact on soil. These elements are beneficial to both plants and humans, but exceeding the safe limit generates pollution and has a negative impact on the ecosystem. Heavy metal contamination in soil degrades land and poses a risk to soil and plant growth.
Assessment of Growing Degree Days and Heat use Efficiency in Pigeonpea Varieties under Different Sowing Windows in Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: D. Nagaraju  , Kharbade S.B. , Jadhav J.D. , Balasubramanian R. , Shaikh A.A. , Sthool V.A.
Published: December 2022

Pigeonpea is an important source of high quality dietary protein and is mostly consumed as dehusked splits or dhal. For production of pigeonpea agrometeorological indices plays an important role in growth and development of the crop. Comprehensive assessment of agrometeorological studies on crop growth and development at local and regional scales can be highly beneficial. In this aspect, an experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of four varieties viz., Vipula, Rajeshwari (Phule T 0012), BDN 711 and ICPH 2740 as main plot and four sowing windows viz., 24th, 26th MW, 28th and 30th MW as sub plot treatments. Higher GDD was observed in 24th MW sowing window in var. ICPH 2740 (2747.6 and 2700.6 0 C) and var. Vipula (2539.4 and 2507.5 0 C) this was followed var. BDN 711 and Rajeshwari during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively. Higher heat use efficiency (1.1441 and 1.0480 g/GDD) at branching to flower initiation was observed under 24th MW sowing window in var. ICPH 2740 this was followed var. Vipula, BDN 711 and Rajeshwari during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in chowchow (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz.)
Authors: Ariina M.M. Shulee , Kanaujia S.P. , Maiti C.S. , Alila Pauline , B. Sharma Malini , Sarkar Animesh
Published: December 2022

Correlation and path analysis were carried out in twenty diverse genotypes of chow-chow collected from different North Eastern states of India. Correlation studies indicated that fruit yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with days to first flowering, number of nodes at first fruit set, length of internodes, length of leaf, width of leaf, petiole length, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit weight, fruit diameter which indicated the importance of these traits in selection for yield. Path analysis revealed that maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant was imposed by fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and number of nodes at genotypic level. This indicated that these are the real independent characters and have maximum contribution towards increase in fruit yield per plant.
Comparative Analysis of Cost and Efficiency in Water Use of Groundwater Market Participating and NonParticipating Farms in Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Bala R.  , Venkataraman R.  , Ravichandran S.
Published: December 2022

Crop production and human survival primarily depends on available freshwater resources, where upto 70% of the resource is used for irrigation purpose either as surface water or groundwater. Lack of surface water resources increases the dependence on groundwater. Ground water is the backbone of available fresh water resources. Country’s economic growth is always dependant on high market opportunity and in-order to boom agricultural economy of our country, groundwater market plays a vital role. This is a highly sensitive market as it has multiple dependant factors like growing population, effective water usage, availability, water restoration which changes demand and decides the role of water market. Although water market is an informal structure, the demand and availability leads the exchange of water for monetary value charged on the basis of area, volume and time. Due to increase in demand and decrease in availability which is caused by various environmental factors, water market plays a vital role in overall contribution towards agrarian economy. This study tries to compare the cost and water use efficiency between water participating and non-participating farms in cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu.
Influence of Fermented Liquid Manure (Jeevamrutha) on Growth Parameters and Yield Attributes of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop
Authors: Vibha G  , H.G. Lingaraju , J. Mahadev  , Sharma M.S. Rakesh , Kalikeri Shankramma
Published: December 2022

Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used intensively in modern agriculture giving rise to insects which have become resistant to pesticides. It has also resulted in the revival of pests and declining number of beneficial organisms such as honey bees, pollinators, parasites, and predators and accumulation of residues of pesticides in food and fodder. To improve soil microflora, a farm-made bio-culture called ‘Jeevamrutha’ is added to the soil instead of fertilizers. Jeevamrutha is made from a small amount of indigenous cow dung and urine. In red sandy loam soil, an experiment was conducted to see how varying concentrations of jeevamrutha affected the growth parameters and yield attributes of tomato. In a factorial randomized complete block design, five treatments with different combinations were laid out with three replications. The experimental results revealed that applying jeevamrutha at a 50% concentration influenced growth parameters of the crops including height of plants, total number of leaves, leaf area index, root length, and shoot length significantly. The use of jeevamrutha at 100% was significant in increasing tomato fruit yield due to improvements in yield attributes such as total number of fruits per plant, weight, length, and diameter of fruits.
Forensic Accounting: A Means to Fraud Control in Nigerian Economy
Authors: Yakubu Aminu , Medugu Amos Raphael , Yakubu Aminu , Livinus Ruth , Nidiya Sani Adamu
Published: December 2022

With an upsurge in financial accounting fraud in the global economy, forensic accounting has become an emerging topic of great importance for academic, research and industries. The objective of the study is to examine forensic accounting as a rout to financial fraud control in Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined if there is significant agreement amongst stakeholders on the effectiveness of forensic accounting in financial fraud control, financial reporting and internal control quality. The survey design was used in the study with a sample size of 45 consisting of accountants, management staffs, practicing auditors and shareholders. The simple random technique was utilized in selecting the sample size, while the binomial test was employed in the data analysis. The findings of the study indicate that there is significant agreement amongst stakeholders on the effectiveness of forensic accounting in fraud control, financial reporting and internal control quality. In line with the above findings, we recommend that the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria, Association of National Accountants of Nigeria and the National Universities Commission should encourage formalization and specialization in the field of forensic accounting. In addition, the government should stimulate interest in forensic accounting for monitoring and investigation of suspected corruption cases.
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AS A CORRELATE OF ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOURS AMONG DRIVERS IN SELECTED GARAGES IN AUCHI, EDO STATE
Authors: Kanikwu Phoebe , Edoghotu Ayebanengiyefa Judith , Tijani Adelani Wakili
Published: December 2022

Background: Alcohol consumption by drivers at the point of duty is a public health problem which endangers several families.

Objectives: The study assessed the pattern, types, sources, reason for alcohol consumption, effect as well as the anti-social behaviors associated with and related to its consumption among motor vehicle drivers in selected garages in Auchi, Edo State.

Materials and methods: Descriptive study among 93 commercial vehicle drivers selected using simple random sampling technique. Data collected with a questionnaire were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 and reported in the form of frequencies, percentages and pie chart.

Results: The drivers consumed alcohol often; typically consumed dry gin, local gin and herbs in gin which they majorly purchased at the motor park. The drivers use alcohol to reduce stress, gain self-confidence and enhance driving, even though they knew that it had effect on their health. Only a few commercial vehicle drivers reported that they exhibit anti-social behaviours which was contrary to the statistical result which showed that there were significant relationships between alcohol consumption and involvement in traffic offence cum fighting.

Conclusions: The commercial vehicle drivers largely consume alcohol not minding the effect on their health. Therefore, policy actors should ensure that there is full compliance with the policies prohibit the sale and use of alcohol in motor parks.

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APPLICATION OF CASH WAQF SCHEME AS AN ALTERNATIVE WAY OF SUPPORTING UNDERPRIVILEGE
Authors: Yakubu Aminu , Yakubu Aminu , Aziz Azreen Hamiza Abdul , Husseini Yahya Alhaji , Wali Fadimatu
Published: December 2022

Privilege is a right or social advantage in society while the underprivileged are poor that have no social advantages in society. Some of the fundamental rights of all members of civilized society are denied to them because of their economic or social circumstances. This paper aimed at providing an alternative solution for supporting the underprivileged through the application of the cash waqf scheme. The study used a basic qualitative research design. The data collection method was conducted through interviews with five underprivileged from different categories. Thematic analysis was used to examine and analyze the responses of the informants using Atlas.ti v8.0 qualitative data analysis tool. The data reveal that those from lower socioeconomic status have fewer advantages, privileges, and opportunities than people from higher socioeconomic status. The findings also show a positive and reliable impact of cash waqf scheme application as an alternative and enduring solution for supporting underprivileged people. Therefore, there is a need to have a durable and reliable solution to cater to underprivileged people so that they can live their lives in a well-balanced society.
Transtornos mentais e fatores de risco em idosos brasileiros: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Sousa Milena Nunes Alves de , Lacerda Iana Sabino Bezerra de , Bezerra André Luiz Dantas , Nogueira Raquel Bezerra de Sá de Sousa , Dias Thuany Rodrigues , Maia Marina Gouveia Souto , Nogueira Tiago Bezerra de Sá de Sousa , Suarez Larissa de Araújo Batista
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: Identificar os transtornos mentais e fatores de risco em idosos brasileiros. Metodologia: Estudo de natureza descritiva, de caráter qualitativo, do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir da seleção de artigos científicos publicados na Base de Dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe da Saúde, na Scientific Electronic Library Online e U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine, incluindo artigos em português e espanhol entre os anos de 2012 e 2022, tendo como descritores “fatores de risco”, “idosos” e “transtornos mentais”. Selecionaram-se sete pesquisas. Resultados: Observou-se que a ideação suicida e tentativa de suicídio foram os problemas mais relatados (71,4%). Quanto aos fatores de risco, foi possível identificar gênero, faixa etária mais elevada, nível de escolaridade baixa, transtornos mentais associados, luto complexo e traumático, problemas financeiros e familiares, dentre outros. Conclusão: Os achados são um alerta para que estratégias de prevenção do suicídio sejam potencializadas entre o grupo idoso, bem como sejam disponibilizadas ações de promoção de saúde e garantido o apoio psicológico.
effect of self-management intervention on the quality of life among women with endometriosis
Authors: Ramadan Eman Gamil , Sayed Hanan Fawzy El , Saied Doaa Shehta
Published: December 2022

Background: Endometriosis is a painful, chronic, and inflammatory disease that is characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside uterus that affects approximately 190 million women in world. Aim of the study to evaluate the effect of self-management interventions on the quality of life among women with endometriosis. Design: Quasi experimental design was used to achieve the aim of the study (pre- post test). Setting: The current study was conducted at the outpatient clinic for obstetrics and gynecology at El Mansoura Health Insurance Hospital, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. Sample: A convenience sample composed of 40 women suffering from endometriosis was included in the study. Tools: four tools for data collection Tool I: A structured interviewing questionnaire included two parts (socio-demographic characteristics –obstetric and gynecological history) Tool II; Numerical rating scale (NRS), to measure the severity of pain symptoms associated with endometriosis. Tool III; Endometriosis Health Profile Questionnaire, to determine wellbeing quality of life of endometriosis female. Tool IV; Self-management interventions, include: (physical activity -sleep -exercise -mood-dietary choices-medication). Results: The majority of the studied women with endometriosis had severe pain at pre intervention in compares to one fifth of studied women post intervention.
Materiales Alternativos en la Industria de la Construcción
Authors: Campos Moreira Sonia Vanessa
Published: December 2022

Los problemas ambientales asociados con la producción de cemento Portland han sido de gran relevancia debido a la generación de CO2 emitido a la atmósfera. Por ende, han surgido algunas alternativas para tratar de obtener una producción más limpia del mismo sin afectar su calidad a través de la innovación tecnológica en las plantas cementeras. Este estudio se basa en el diseño y análisis de materiales cementantes alternativos ya sean de residuos o subproductos industriales. El primero es un subproducto de la elaboración del acero y el segundo es un producto de desecho de la industria del vidrio. Al mezclarse forman un aglutinante cementante inorgánico activado alcalinamente con sus siglas en inglés AAIB -alkaline activated inorganic binder- a partir de la escoria de horno de oxígeno básico BOFS -blast oxygen furnage slag- y polvo de vidrio llamado pantalla de cristal líquido transistor de película fina TFT-LCD -Thin film transistor-Liquid crystal display-. Con este hallazgo se logró obtener una mezcla cementante similar al cemento portland con un esfuerzo de compresión de fc’=18.51 MPa a los 14 días. Se considera como una propuesta viable en el sector construcción, con características similares al cemento, al mismo tiempo se ha logrado disminuir la emisión de CO2 ya que se considera como remplazo total o parcial del cemento.
Análisis bioclimático y patrimonial en el Centro Cultural Batahola Norte, Managua – Nicaragua
Authors: Sánchez Marlon Yahary
Published: December 2022

Este artículo presenta la propuesta de análisis bioclimático y patrimonial en el Centro Cultural Batahola Norte de la Ciudad de Managua. Dado que la propuesta tendría como base un edificio ya existente, primero se estableció una base teórica de lineamientos de diseño; posteriormente, un diagnóstico que determinara el estado del centro cultural y requerimientos, especialmente de las obras patrimoniales. Mediante la aplicación de diversas herramientas existentes y creadas, se obtuvo un diagnóstico muy cercano del estado arquitectónico-estructural del centro cultural, cuyas conclusiones, en conjunto con el análisis bioclimático, integraron el espectro de criterios de diseño arquitectónico-bioclimático y estructural necesarios para concebir la propuesta. Finalmente, se realiza la presentación del diseño, con sus justificaciones compositivas y funcionales, así como algunos ejemplos de la aplicación de criterios bioclimáticos, desarrollo y valorización del patrimonio.
Proteção de direitos LGBTQIA+ no Direito brasileiro: momentos e descompassos jurídicos e políticos
Authors: Raupp Rios Roger
Published: December 2022

Este artigo examina a trajetória dos direitos LGBTQIA+, mediante análise qualitativa das tendências presentes em seu reconhecimento na jurisprudência brasileira. Para tanto, propõe a caracterização de dois momentos: (a) de 1990 a 2015, de afirmação progressiva sob tensão assimilacionista e (b) de 2015 até nossos dias, de reconhecimento expandido sob ataque neoconservador.  O primeiro período, de afirmação jurídica progressiva dos direitos sexuais, ainda que permeada por tendências assimilacionistas, é correlacionado à redemocratização e à consolidação da Nova República, ao passo que o segundo atenta para o reconhecimento jurídico expandido dos direitos sexuais, sob ataque neoconservador de extrema-direita. Diante disso, em especial do descompasso que marca o segundo momento, aponta desafios e inquietações atuais e futuros para a democracia e o reconhecimento de direitos no Brasil.