bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GLOBAL BUSINESS SERVICES AN INNOVATION, GROWTH AND BUSINESS INTEGRATION IN EMERGING MARKETS
Authors: Rana Imroze Palwishah, Imran Omer Chappra Rehan Ahmed Yousufi,
Published: November 2022

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the contribution of Global Business Services (GBS) for increasing the efficiency, cost reduction and economic growth of global economies that are overlooked in service research. Service providers can be either internal or external and managed by GBS organizations centrally that offers end-to end efficient standardized processes across the globe. Design/methodology/approach – Industry reports and macroeconomic data from World Bank (1970 to 2020) has been used of emerging market BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), these markets account 39 percent in the global economy in terms of gross domestic product and one fourth in the total value of stock markets. Data of GBS is not available therefore, services value added as percent in Gross Domestic Products (GDP) has been taken as a proxy variable in place of GBS.

Findings – There is a long run association between Chemical (CHEM), Textile (TEX) and GBS in Pakistan. In BRICS economies, long run coefficients are negative and significant which shows there is a long run relationship among Exchange Rate (ER), Research and Development (R&D) to GBS. Thus, Business services can be extended in these areas for the long-term growth for service economy in emerging markets.

Research limitations/implications – The study will find new ways in Global Business Services (GBS) research and the specific research methodology can lead to various techniques and opportunities for defining, processing and making an advance analysis of GBS data globally. This work is limited to BRICs emerging market including Pakistan.

Originality/value – This is the first quantitative research study of GBS that has been conducted. It will help to build strategies and methods in driving business performance in the global business environment and the international transformation of service economies.
HEMATOLOGY CENTER LLP PROJECT OFFICE ORGANIZATION EXPERIENCE
Authors: PIVOVAROVA I. , TURGUNOVA L. , KLODZINSKY A. , BUTYUGINA M. , KAKHANOVA M. , ANTONOVA N.
Published: November 2022

Relevance: The achievement of complex goals facing medical organizations is determined mainly by the ability to solve problems
considering the available and expected resources. Project Management Office (PMO) is a business tool that effectively supports achieving
goals. The availability of reliable information on incidence, therapeutic solutions, treatment outcomes, and survival of patients with
oncohematological diseases is a prerequisite for introducing modern diagnostics, high-tech treatment methods, and providing quality
medical care. The article describes the experience of the Hematology Center LLP Project Management Office as a tool to create a database
of patients with hemoblastosis.
The research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Project Management Office at the Hematology Center LLP in studying the
approaches to treatment and their efficacy in patients with oncohematological diseases.
Methods: We analyzed the operation of the PMO, established in November 2020 at the Hematology Center LLP. The project office was
tasked to analyze the data of patients with oncohematological diseases treated at the Hematology Center LLP branch in Ust-Kamenogorsk
from 2015 to 2021 and at the Karaganda branch from 2018 to 2021. Data from the Hematology Center LLP information system was used to
create a database of patients with oncohematological diseases, calculating nosological structure based on the line of therapy and making
a patient’s profile to select a treatment regimen.
Results: The conditions for the PMO operation were described: a plan, a specific outcome, a specially organized team, and a time
interval; the PMO operating effectiveness was analyzed. The resulting data made it possible to assess the volume, level, and effectiveness
of medical and diagnostic care for the mentioned nosologies to justify improving the existing patient examination and routing system.
Conclusion: The activities of the Hematology Center LLP Project Management Office to study the structure and effectiveness of
treating patients with oncohematological diseases proved the viability of using the project management approach in medical organizations.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION SHOWN BY TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: KALIYEV B. , RAKHIMZHANOVA R. , DAUTOV T. , BASTARBEKOVA L. , MOLDAKHANOVA Zh. , KABDULLINA A. , BIMAKHAN A.
Published: November 2022

Relevance: Cardioembolism is one of the major causes of ischemic strokes and accounts for 15-30% of all cerebral infarctions. Atrial
fibrillation (AF) accounts for up to 60% of cardioembolic strokes. Assessing thromboembolic risk is important for patients with AF; however, these concerns do not apply equally to men and women.
The study aimed to determine gender differences in echocardiographic and computed tomography characteristics of patients with
atrial fibrillation.
Methods: The included 202 patients underwent both transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography. We excluded patients
with allergies to iodide, increased creatinine levels, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, and age <18 years.
Results: An increase in BMI by 1 kg/m2
in female patients increased the risk of left-atrium appendage (LAA) thrombus by 10% (OR=1,1,
p=0.019). The yearly increase in the age of women lowers the risk of LAA thrombosis by 6% (OR=0,94, р=0,01). Each increase of EDD in
women to 1 cm raises the risk of LAA thrombosis by 151% (OR=2,51, p=0.031). Each increase of ESV and EDV in women to 1 ml raises the
risk of LAA thrombosis by 4% and 3%, respectively (p<0.05). Each increase of LVESVI and LVEDVI in female patients to 1 ml/m2 raises the
risk of LAA thrombosis by 6% and 5%, respectively (p<0.05).
Older age, higher CHA2
-DS2
-VASc, HAS-BLED scores, and enlarger LA in male patients were significantly associated with LAA
thrombosis.
The yearly increase in the age of men increases the risk of LAA thrombosis by 5% (OR=1.05, p=0.012). Men with coronary atherosclerosis at risk of thrombosis by 224% (OR=3,24, p=0.002).
Conclusion: improved clinician understanding of gender differences may help clinicians better care for individuals with AF
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LEUKEMIA AFTER HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION: A SERIES OF CLINICAL CASES
Authors: MURZAKHMETOVA A. , KEMAIKIN V. , AINABAY A. , MEIRAMOVA A. , AINABEKOVA B.
Published: November 2022

Relevance: Acute renal kidney injury is a severe complication in patients with acute leukemia who underwent hematopoietic stem cell
transplantation (HSCT). According to statistics, acute renal dysfunction often occurs in the first 100 days after HSCT.
This study aimed to evaluate kidney function in patients with acute leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Methods: The article presents clinical cases of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed acute renal failure after
HSCT. The dynamics of the functional state of kidneys in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after HSCT are described.
Results: The acute kidney disorder in the studied patients was mainly caused by HSCT complications. We have identified renal kidney
damage in the form of acute tumor lysis and thrombotic microangiopathy.
Conclusion: Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk developing acute kidney disorder during HSCT, which requires careful
monitoring of kidney function, especially in the early post-transplant period
CURRENT VIEW ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: KUMISBEKOVA R. , SHANAZAROV N. , BIMBETOV B. , TULEUTAEV M. , NIGMETULLA D. , ZHAPPAROV E.
Published: November 2022

Relevance: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of worldwide female cancer mortality. The constant development of treatment
strategies and diagnostic tools has increased the survival rate for BC. Next-generation genome sequencing (NGS) identifies the genetic
changes responsible for tumor emergence, development, and metastasis. NGS has expanded the capacities of BC diagnostics, treatment,
and early prevention in women.
The study aimed to identify breast cancer risk factors in women.
Methods: Publications were obtained from the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The depth of the search
was 5 to 10 years. As a result, 100 literary sources were identified, of which 26 publications formed the scientific material for this review.
Results: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease driven by genetic abnormalities and epigenetic alterations.
Conclusion: Gene mutations do not change. Genetic testing shall be introduced as a preventive measure to reduce BC incidence.
Lifestyle-related BC risk factors can be addressed to minimize BC risk.
USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS TO DEVELOP A MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE SURVIVAL OF LUNG CANCER PATIENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: MAKAROV V. , KAIDAROVA D. , YESSENTAYEVA S. , KALMATAYEVA J. , МANSUROVA М. , КАDYRBEK N. , KADYRBAYEVA R. , ОLZHAYEV S. , NOVIKOV I.
Published: November 2022

Relevance: The 5-year overall survival rate(s) in NSCLC p-stage IA is 73%, and the recurrence rate in radically treated patients is
almost 10%.
The study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of several clinical and morphological factors and apply machine learning
algorithms to predict the results of the overall survival of patients with lung cancer.
Methods: The forms 030-6/y C34 – lung cancer (n=19,379) from the EROB database for 2014-2018 were analyzed, and the impact of
risk factors on overall survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Accordingly, the training data set for constructing forecasting
models included 19,379 observations and 15 factors. The machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest Classifier, Gradient
Boosting Classifier, Logistic Regression Model, Decision Tree Classifier, and K Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Classifier were implemented
in the Python programming language. The results were evaluated by constructing an error matrix and calculating classification metrics:
the proportion of correctly classified objects (accuracy) during training and validation (validation), accuracy (precision), completeness
(recall), Kappa-Cohen.
Results: In our study, 19,379 patients were analyzed, including 15,494 men (79.95%) and 3,885 women (20.04%). At the time of the
study, 6,171 men (39.8%) and 1,962 women (49.5%) were alive. Median survival was 8.3 months (SE – 0.154 months, 95% CI – 7.96-8.56)
in men and 15.43 months (SE – 1.0 months, 95% CI – 13.497-17.363) in women. At diagnosis, 1,037 patients (5.35%) had stage I disease,
and 4,145 (21.38%) had stage II. Most patients (61.4%) had advanced stage NSCLC: 9,189 people (47.4%) were diagnosed with stage III,
and 4,655 (24%) – with stage IV. The reliability of differences in median survival (χ2=3991.6, p=0.00) indicated the prognostic significance
of the tumor process stage and its influence on the patient’s survival. Also, the revealed significant difference in the median survival of
patients with various morphological forms of lung cancer suggests the prognostic significance of the morphological factor (the difference
between those indicators was statistically significant, χ2=623.4 p=0.000).
Conclusion: Machine learning models can predict the risk of fatal outcomes for patients after surgical treatment and registration in
the EROB database. The creation of patient-oriented systems to support medical decision-making makes it possible to choose the optimal
strategies for adjuvant therapy, dispensary observation, and frequency of diagnostic studies.
THE ROLE OF MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY IN COLORECTAL CANCER: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: SMAGULOVA K. , TURKPENOVA I. , SHAYAKHMETOVA D. , DZHUMANOV A. , YESSENKULOVA S.
Published: November 2022

Relevance: According to Globocan 2020, colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in Kazakhstan is lower than in all OECD countries except Mexico. However, the CRC incidence in Kazakhstan is steadily growing. In the structure of cancer incidence, CRC went up from 5th
place in 2006 to 3rd place in 2021. More than 80% of tumors associated with Lynch syndrome were found to have microsatellite instability
(MSI). Thus, MSI is detected in 12% of sporadic colon tumors., MSI in cancer is caused by a decreased activity of DNA repair genes due
to hereditary and somatic causes.
The study aimed to systematize the current literature data to consider the need and adequacy of prescribing preventive chemotherapy,
personalizing the treatment of patients, and predicting the course of the disease in CRC.
Methods: A review was made of the published results of scientific and clinical studies for 2006-2021 from the PubMed, MedLine,
and Cancer Observe databases for the keywords “colon cancer,” “microsatellite resistance,” “adjuvant chemotherapy,” “PCR study,”
“IGH-study.”
Results: The value and adequacy of determining the IHC characteristics of the MSI status. The prognostic and predictive value of MSI
in CRC has been proven. The optimal treatment options were selected depending on the status of MSI.
Conclusion: Tumors with certain MSI status should be classified as a separate group of malignancies. Instability status determination is preferred in case of suspected Lynch syndrome in patients with stage II CRC, as well as in clinical and histological features
characteristic of MSI (proximal localization of the primary tumor, mucinous histotype, poorly differentiated tumors, lymphocytic infiltration of the tumor). Further determination of these tumors’ molecular characteristics will help stratify patients who may respond
differently to chemotherapy. Also, the MSI status determination can be an important prognostic marker in patients whose tumors have
a somatic mutation in the BRAF gene.
Reduction Reactions of CO2 on Rutile TiO2 (110) Nanosheet via Coordination Activation
Authors: Xuemei Yang and Xiaohua Wang Xuemei Yang and Xiaohua Wang
Published: November 2022

Based on the previous coordination catalysis theory, the active site on the surface of transition metal oxides can activate the CO2 molecule. Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) rutile TiO2 nanosheet with (110) crystal face as the main exposed surface has many active sites of Ti3+ and O vacancy, which have some synergistic effects to greatly reduce the dissociation energy of CO2. Following previous assumptions, four possible reduction processes of CO2 on rutile TiO2 (110) surface were systematically assessed by density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The reduction reactions of CO2 along I faces difficultly in proceeding due to the relatively weak interaction between CO2 and the active surface. Additionally, along III, the adsorption configuration of CO2 in the pristine state has huge distinctions with the model that suggests that the defined route is unlikely to occur on the rutile TiO2 (110) surface. However, through carefully comparing the energy differences as well as transition state searching, the reduction reaction along II has a high probability of finishing and finally generating HCOOH on the surface owing to the minimal energy differences and low activation barrier. Furthermore, the reduction reaction of CO2 to CH4 guided along IV is predicted to more easily take place with the assistance of O vacancy on the active surface. The synergistic action among Ti3+ site, O vacancy, and H+ can aid in fixing molecular CO2 by breaking the strong bond of C=O in CO2 and generating different fuels via coordination activation. This work will not only provide strong theoretical support to previous assumptions but can also lighten the routes to explore more active catalysis towards the reduction of CO2.
Application of Artificial Neural Network Technique for the Production of Biotoxin
Authors: Farzana Bashir Farzana Bashir , Yumna Sadef Yumna Sadef , Iqra Nadeem Iqra Nadeem , Romana Shahzadi Romana Shahzadi , Rubina Nelofer and Muhammad Tariq Rubina Nelofer and Muhammad Tariq
Published: November 2022

In this study. a locally isolated strain of Bacillus thuringiensis that has insecticidal activity against dengue vector (larvae of Aedes aegypti), was cultivated. Different carbon and nitrogen sources were screened for enhanced bacterial growth. The factors affecting Bacillus thuringiensis’s biomass production like concentration of carbon, nitrogen, pH and temperature were optimized by one parameter at a time technique. The optimal levels of the selected parameters were also obtained by using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Peptone and molasses were selected as the best nitrogen and carbon sources respectively. The optimal levels obtained for nitrogen, carbon, pH and temperature by using the one parameter at a time technique were 1%, 0.25%, 8, and 37 ℃ respectively with 0.53 mg/mL biomass production. The ANN predicted levels were 1% for nitrogen, 0.25% for carbon, 9 pH and 31 ℃ for temperature with the predicted value of biomass being 0.85 mg/ml. The biomass produced at predicted optimum levels of variables was 0.82 mg/ml, very close to the predicted value of 0.85 mg/ml.
Surfactant-Free Facile Synthesis of Nickel Oxalate Monodispersed Particles in Novel Morphologies
Authors: Khalida Akhtar Khalida Akhtar , Ghazala Irum and Muhammad Gul Ghazala Irum and Muhammad Gul
Published: November 2022

The surfactant or shape modifier used in the synthesis of monodispersed uniform fine particles affected the performance of the prepared powder in its applications. The present investigation is related to synthesizing colloidal uniform fine particles of nickel oxalate in novel morphologies under an optimized set of reaction conditions without using any surfactant or shape modifier. SEM results revealed that the reactant concentration significantly affected the characteristics of the precipitated solids, which ranged from gel to dispersion of discrete particles. Particles of uniform morphological features were obtained under an optimized set of experimental conditions, i.e., reactant concentration, temperature, aging time, etc. The molar ratio of the precursors affected the particle’s growth mechanism as the spherical morphology of the particles changed to a cubic shape by increasing nickel ion concentration in the recipe at 25 oC. The cubic morphology transformed into toffee shape bigger particles of a 0.5 axial ratio by increasing the reaction mediumand#39;s thermal energy. The synthesized particles were characterized by various physical techniques, which confirmed the product as the monodispersed pure NiC2O4.2H2O particles.
World Health Organization’s Responsive Policies for the containment of COVID-19 Pandemic in the world: An Analysis
Authors: Rao Bonagani Rama
Published: November 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) had been working with its 194 member states across six grouped global regions in the world regarding the health of the people. India is a member country of this organization. The WHO’s Constitution came into force on 7th April 1948. Its headquarters is at Geneva in Switzerland country. The WHO’s World Health Assembly use to determines the policies of this Organization. An Executive Board (EB) members are technically qualified in health and this gives an effect to the decisions and policies of this assembly. The COVID-19 outbreak began at Wuhan city in China country in December 2019.This has became a pandemic because this has been affected and affecting many countries globally, which includes India through the daily confirmed cases and fatalities. The Vaccination against the COVID-19 has started in the countries to eliminate this disease, which includes India. Although, this virus has slightly declining, but still this virus is existing through different mutations of this COVID-19. This article has mentioned the containment of COVID-19 pandemic through the WHO’s responsive guidelines policies for completely eradication of this virus disease to save the people lives in the world. This article has suggested for an effective implementation of WHO’s COVID-19 responsive policies in its member states for accomplishing this purpose.
Construcción y validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la relación médico-paciente y su asociación con los principios bioéticos
Authors: Gómez Guerrero Irma Eloisa , Arroyo-Valerio América , Panocchia Nicola , Valdez Ortiz Rafael , Aguiñaga-Chiñas Nuria , Cantú Quintanilla Guillermo Rafael
Published: November 2022

La relación médico-paciente (RMP) es una relación profesional-interpersonal base para la gestión de la salud. Nuestro objetivo fue desarrollar un instrumento que permitiera evaluar la presencia de los principios bioéticos en la atención médica recibida en la consulta externa de una institución hospitalaria. El instrumento quedó constituido por 21 reactivos para evaluar su confiabilidad y consistencia. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0,81 (p < 0,05); para el cumplimiento de los principios bioéticos, fue de 0,740 (p < 0,05). El cuestionario mostró que la autonomía fue el principio más reportado (69 %), después la dignidad (67 %) y justicia (60 %). La presencia de los principios de la bioética ampliados hace más llevadera la enfermedad.
Increasing safety levels in human-machine interaction by beyond-5G wireless redundancy
Authors: Borsatti Davide , Davoli Gianluca , Lombardo Chiara , Selvi Daniela , Bruschi Roberto , Cerroni Walter , Davoli Franco , Raffaelli Carla , Trivisonno Riccardo , Bolla Raffaele
Published: November 2022

Factory automation in the context of Industry 4.0/5.0 requires safety levels to satisfy more stringent and tight limits than those available so far. This goal is further challenged by the extension to the wireless environment of industrial shop floor communications that were traditionally based on cabled networks. Starting with wireless LANs, the trend towards the use of industrial wireless is fostered by the advent of fifth Generation (5G) private connectivity and is bound to increase its pace in the evolution towards 6G. In particular, the interaction of human operators with industrial robots and autonomous vehicles on the shop floor is posing stringent safety requirements that in turn push forward the dependability and reliability limits of wireless connectivity. To help achieve these limits, this paper proposes a dynamic redundancy mechanism based on the real-time activation/deactivation of radio bearers instantiated between mobile devices carried by humans and machines and multiple base stations, to achieve guaranteed upper bounds on packet loss probability in the communication of data related to operational safety control loops. An optimization problem is posed, and suitable heuristics are evaluated by simulation in a 5G and beyond wireless environment, aiming to dynamically maintain the required reliability levels with small computational effort.
The Effectiveness of Integrating Technology in the Development of Digital Photography Skills among Students of the Basic Education College in Kuwait
Authors: Dakhil Al-Anzi Abdul Aziz
Published: November 2022

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of integrating technology in the development of digital photography skills among students of the Faculty of Basic Education in Kuwait. The researcher used the survey descriptive method. The researcher prepared a questionnaire of (26) paragraphs. The sample consisted of (288) members and faculty members of the Faculty of Basic Education, and the sample included (169) males and (119) females, who were randomly selected. The results showed the effectiveness of integrating technology in the development of digital photography skills among students of the Faculty of Basic Education in the Kuwait Department of Learning Technology, and the result was high. The average calculation of the development of digital photography skills among students ranged from (3.84-4.02) to a high degree, the overall score (of 3.98) was high. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences (8.05) attributable to the effect of gender in the effectiveness of technology integration in the development of digital photography skills in students.
Addressing Disparities and Inequalities in Healthcare: Disproportionate Representation of Minorities in COVID-19 Deaths as a Health and Social Injustice
Authors: Attipoe Hope
Published: November 2022

Social inequalities exist around the world limiting a group's social, health, and economic advancement. These unfavorable conditions inhibit people from having access to essential resources such as healthcare, housing, education, employment, and transportation. Consequently, inequalities in accessing indispensable social goods generally affects diets and overall health and wellness of individuals negatively. Unfortunately, this systemic problem tends to inflict greater harm to lower-income groups disproportionately. These limitations usually result in poorer health and higher rates of health problems. Historically, existing inequalities in society are manifested in moments of crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2021) revealed overwhelming manifestation of this fact. The mortality rates for African Americans are more than triple the rates for whites after correcting for age, and the rates for Hispanic/Latinos are almost double the rates for non-Hispanic whites. According to the CDC’s racial demographic information on COVID-19 cases and deaths, almost 23% of reported COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. are African Americans, even though blacks make up approximately only 13% of the U.S. population. This glaring revelation of the health inequities that exist in our society must be addressed. This paper examines the documented cases of significant health inequities in the U.S. including the underlying social determinants and implications that make minority groups vulnerable, contributing to their higher risk of morbidity and mortalities, and argued that healthcare is a fundamental human rights issue as stated in a 2017 WHO press release. This author contends that health inequity due to social inequity is unsustainable, and a detriment to sustainable development and provide recommendations to address the health inequities.
Periodontal Disease Risk Factors Assessment in Association with Frequency of Tooth Brushing
Authors: Qazi Noor-ul-Ain , Bilal Amna , Siraj Fatima , Siddiq Shahwar , Gul Hafsa , Riasat Madiha
Published: November 2022

Aim: To analyze the co-relation between frequencies of tooth brushing as a periodontal risk assessment tool in a population. Study design: Cross Sectional Survey Place and duration of study: Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: Four hundred and eleven participants were enrolled. Data was collected by administering the study questionnaire including 14 items assessing risk factors for periodontal disease as well as their oral hygiene habits. Descriptive statistics were used for data summarization and presentation. Results: Approximately 34.3% of study participants claimed to brush twice daily and 61.6% once daily. Mean age was 22.1 years and majority of them females constituting 66.7%. 39.33% had a history of bleeding gums while 28.2% had swollen gums. 51% of the subjects reported brushing for less than 2 minutes duration. 67% participants of population were of upper middle socioeconomic status. Conclusion: The clear correlation establish amongst risk of emerging periodontal disease and occurrence of tooth brushing. Keywords: Periodontal disease, Oral hygiene, Risk factors, Tooth brushing
Importance of Lumbar Puncture in Late Onset Sepsis
Authors: Riaz Mariam , Khan Sher Alam , Halim Alia , Javed Faisal , Sultan Allah Nawaz
Published: November 2022

Neonatal sepsis is the significant reason of neonatal mortality and morbidity and mostly results in extended hospitalization of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. The sepsis was confirmed by a positive blood culture and a condition is considered clinical sepsis when the blood culture is negative. It is practically not possible to clinically differentiate sepsis from neonatal meningitis. However, a positive CSF for pathogenic bacteria indicates meningitis. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of late-onset sepsis in neonates with meningitis and to determine whether CSF analysis and lumbar puncture is mandatory in all cases of late-onset sepsis. Methods: This study was conducted in the Paediatrics department of CMH Abbottabad, and Sharif Medical City Hospital Lahore, and Pathology department of Women Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad for the duration from January 2022 to June 2022 among neonates with late neonatal sepsis. All neonates underwent clinical examination, history, routine tests (blood culture, C-reactive protein, complete blood count) and analysis and culture of cerebrospinal fluid for clinical evaluation of sepsis. Results: All 80 neonates tested positive for clinical sepsis: hematological sepsis was seen in 59 patients and 21 were CSF culture positive for sepsis; 8 (38.9%) of the 21 have positive CSF culture and 13 cases have negative blood culture. The most common clinical symptom was poor suction 70(87.5%), followed by weak moor 61(76.3%), and lethargy 46(57.5%). The Klebsiella spp was common organism seen in 15 children in the blood culture and the most communal organism in the cerebrospinal fluid culture was Staphylococcus aureus in 6 cases. Conclusions: The incidence of neonatal meningitis is high in new-borns with late-onset sepsis. Meningitis in neonates often transpires in the absence of bacteraemia. Therefore, the CSF examination and lumbar puncture are compulsory in all children with late onset sepsis. Keywords: Lumbar puncture, Meningitis, Neonatal sepsis
Evaluation of Knee Joint Injuries with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Correlation with Arthroscopy
Authors: Afrasiyab Javed Khan Muhammad , Khan Mohib Ullah , Ullah Zia , Ullah Asad , Gul Jaweria
Published: November 2022

One of the most frequent issues humans have had to deal with from the beginning of time is a knee injury. Knee injuries caused by a variety of diseases, from acute to degenerative, can affect the articular cartilage. The trauma, infection, or inflammation caused this injury. In these circumstances, a full clinical examination is not possible since the patients are in too much pain to cooperate. Then non-invasive multiplanar imaging and MRI come into play. The objective of the current study was to assess knee joint injuries using MRI and correlate those findings with arthroscopy. A total number of 225 participants were involved in this study, among them, 175 had issues with a knee injury. The patients referred with a history of knee injury were imaged with a 1.5 Tesla MRI machine. Most patients were between the ages of 35-40 years. The most frequent injuries found in the study were bone contusions, joint effusions, anterior cruciate ligament tears, and tears of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. The accuracy percentage of ACL, PCL, LCL and MCL were 93, 100, 94.02 and 91.34%, respectively. Due to its great soft tissue contrast resolution and multiplanar imaging capabilities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a superior non-invasive investigative method for knee injuries. This allows for the most thorough evaluation of a variety of soft tissue knee joint problems. Keywords: Knee joint injury; Magnetic resonance imaging; Arthroscopy;
A Study of Platelet Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study Design
Authors: Iqbal Shamal , Arbab Kanwal Nazir , Khattak Maria Tasneem , Ali Ambreen , Banori Alia , Khan Mehwish Iqbal
Published: November 2022

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the reactivity of platelet parameters in a patient suffering from Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Place and duration of study: The study is conducted at Pak International Medical College Hayatabad Peshawar (PIMC) during march 2021 march 2022. Material and Method: Cross sectional hospital based study design is carried out on 300 diabetic patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus which is considered as a test group and compared with 300 normal blood glucose levels containing individuals which is considered as a control group. The blood samples of diabetes patients are analyzed under automated Hematology analyzer Sysmex XN-1000 and complete blood count of patients is analyzed with platelet parameters. Statistical software uses for the research test evaluation is SPSS Version 24. Results: The mean age in year of diabetic patients in this research study is 54.2+5.9 years and control group of patients having age in years is 54.5+ 5.3 years. Most of the sample patients in this study are suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, the number of males both in test and control group is 335(55.83%) and total number of females is 265(44.1%). In an Overall 300 patients lies in test group in this study, 127 are suffering from any other co-morbid conditions while 173 case samples are not suffering from any complicated state. Platelet parameters also compared between diabetic patients having complications or no complications, Mean of platelet indices are seen higher in diabetic patients having some other complications. The higher values of MPV, PDW and PLCR serve as an indicator in the initial complications of diabetes mellitus in humans and consider as a basic and inexpensive tool to analyze the vascular diseases and its related consequences. Conclusion: According to our study larger platelet formation and increase in volume of platelet indices causing prothrombotic state in diabetic patients and also develop diabetic vascular complications in an individual. Platelet parameters are considered as vital, clear, easy and non-expensive ways to analyze the thrombotic state in vascular disorders in diabetes patients. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Hematological findings, Glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, Mean platelet volume.
Comparison of Complications after Tonsillectomy between Conventional Cold Steel Dissections Method and Electrocautery Tonsillectomy Method. A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Khan Tahir Hussain , Ibrahim Mukhtar , Rana Ashfaq Hussain , Farooq Muhammad , Afzal Muhammad , Khosa Sharbaz Hussain
Published: November 2022

Aims: To compare the intra-operative bleeding amount during the tonsillectomy operative procedure by using the monopolar electrocautery method versus the cold steel tonsillar dissector method, and to compare postoperative pain for the initial six hours in both groups. Study design: A randomized controlled trial Place and Duration: Departments of ORL (Otorhinolaryngology) and HNS, Kulsumbai Valika Social Security SITE Hospital, Karachi, and in Social Security Landhi Hospital Karachi, Pakistan from January 1st, 2021 to December 31st, 2021 Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients were selected for this study from the outpatient department of both hospitals and they were divided into two groups equally i.e. those patients who will be operated with monopolar electrocautery, included in group C and those patients who will be operated on with the cold steel dissection method by tonsillar dissector, was in group-D. After receiving written informed consent from the patients they were operated on as the first and second cases in each OT List. Blood loss was measured during the operative procedure and calculated by the number of blood-soaked gauzes and post-operative pain was measured by the VAS pain scale, the house officer, and resident doctors on the floor. Results: Females predominance was observed in this study, Female to a male ratio in Group C was 2:1, and in Group D it was 3:1 The Mean ± Standard Deviation of the ages were 11.75 ± 3.25 yrs. and 14.25 ± 3.70 yrs. in both groups. The mean blood loss during tonsillectomy was 16.70 ± 4.70 ml in Group C and 50.70 ± 30.50 in Group D, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups and the p-value was < 0.05. The mean time duration of tonsillectomy was 14.10 ± 2.5 minutes in Group C and 20.40 ± 3.50 in Group D. Practical implication: Nowadays monopolar electrocautery is used for tonsillectomy because in this method intraoperative bleeding is minimum and operative time is also short Conclusion: Intra-operative bleeding was minimum while tonsillectomy was done by monopolar cautery and postoperative pain was more in this method which was controlled by analgesics. Keywords: tonsillectomy, cold steel dissection, monopolar electrocautery, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, PACU
Consequences of Obesity Associated Factors Caused Coronary Heart Disease. A Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Tariq Abubakar , Andleeb Jazib , Anwar Awais , Akram Amna , Hussain Rizwana , Shuja Naveed
Published: November 2022

Objective: The main objective of this study was to check clinically that Coronary Heart Disease in our local population caused by obesity. Study design: It is a comparative clinical study. Place and duration: Current clinical study was conducted in Lahore Medical & Dental College Lahore, Pakistan from December 2021to March 2022. Methodology: In Group X, 25 normal individuals were selected while in Group Y, 75 patients with Coronary Heart Disease were considered respectively. Intensity of Shoulder or arm pain, Shortness of breath, lipid profile, BMI, oxygen saturation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG). Lipid profile were performed through blood sample, Oxygen saturation levels were measured through oximeter, blood pressure with sphygmomanometer. The bio-statistically model SPSS was applied for the presentation of collected raw data. Results: Different parameters such as BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Intensity of Shoulder or arm pain, oxygen saturation, blood serum cholesterol, blood serum triglycerides, blood serum LDL, blood serum HDL levels and electrocardiogram (ECG) were measured comparatively in current study. The levels of these variables in Group-X and Group-Y were (18.02±01.02, 118.1±01.01, 72.01±0.01, 0.01±0.01, 99.0±0.03, 198.01±0.04, 138.02±0.02, 125.01±0.03, 45.01±0.01), (28.01±01.04, 178.0±01.03, 96.01±09.04, 90.01±0.02, 94.0±0.03, 268.01±0.01, 208.01±0.04, 185.01±0.01, 35.01±0.04) measured respectively. Conclusion: In present study different parameters such as BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Intensity of Shoulder or arm pain, oxygen saturation, blood serum cholesterol, blood serum triglycerides, blood serum LDL, blood serum HDL levels and electrocardiogram (ECG) were measured in both Group-X and Group-Y and a significant (P≤0.05) changes were observed in individuals of Group-Y than the Group-X comparatively. Keywords: Body mass index, Obesity, Coronary Artery Disease, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure
The decline in hepatitis B and C in women: A 5-year retrospective case study in Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zrieq Rafat , Algahtani Fahad D. , Ali Reem M. , Al-Najjar Mohammad A. A. , Suleiman Shadi , Alshammari Fares , Alsaif Bandar , Araúzo-Bravo Marcos J.
Published: November 2022

Background: Hepatitis infections, particularly hepatitis B and C, threaten public health to a great extent. They can be directly transferred from pregnant women to their fetuses, either in utero or postpartum. In Saudi Arabia, there is a variation in the prevalence of both infections among women throughout the country’s regions. Thus, it is necessary to examine women for probable infections by any of these types of hepatitis to prevent hepatitis transmission.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections among women in Ha’il, Saudi Arabia during 2016-2020.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on the cumulative sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C among 23,462 women who attended the maternity hospital in Ha’il, Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA), from the period of 2016-2020.

Results: The analysis revealed that the hepatitis B infection (sero-prevalence 0.27%; 64 cases) is more prevalent than hepatitis C infection (sero-prevalence 0.077%, 18 cases) among women. Both infections were higher among Saudi compared to non-Saudi nationals. Moreover, hepatitis B sero-prevalence increases with women’s age, while HCVAb was higher in the group 40 – <50 years old. The data also showed no trends throughout months, seasons, and years for HCVAb and HBsAg cases. Conclusion: The results show a dramatic decline in both types of hepatitis (B and C) among the investigated women compared to previous and recent reports from other regions in the country and a further decrease in the prevalence during the study period. These results imply that the hepatitis B vaccination program implemented in Ha’il over the last 30 years has been successful for females. Therefore, surveillance, improved diagnostic facilities, and vaccination efforts should be continued in Ha’il, KSA.
THE CORONA PANDEMIC STORY : WHEN HOPE APPEARED ELUSIVE BY GEORGEMBURU
Authors: Mburu George
Published: November 2022

The author undertakes a descriptive and synthesis and analysis of the novel Covid19 Pandemic dubbed as the Corona disease or the “Wuhan Virus”. Essentially, the author explores six objectives and points to the effects of the pandemic psychologically, health-wise, economically and even socially. Quint essentially, the author contends the untold value of prior planning in disaster preparedness and mitigation, a glaring challenge to all nations across the globe. Thirdly, the need for research as well as integrity and being resolute and for the right in the wake of disasters is being highlighted. The paper also highlights some statistical on the continuous rise and trends of the Covid19 which started in China in November 2019 spreading into all continents and most countries the world over. Towards the end vital lessons have been pointed out and recommendation made on the need form or research, impressing the need for the input of the key players and or stakeholders in response and mitigation of such a pandemic no wand in the future.
Effect of phosphate addition and homogenization pressure on particle size distribution in pasteurized milk
Authors: Campos Nathalia  da Silva , Francisquini Júlia d'Almeida , Walter Alfredo , De Oliveira Luiz Fernando Cappa , De Carvalho Antônio Fernandes , Perrone Ítalo Tuler , Stephani Rodrigo
Published: November 2022

The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of analysis times and stabilizing salt blends (LD88, LD89 and KM5), at different doses and homogenization pressures, on particle size distribution (PSD) in pasteurized whole milk. PSD has evidenced that samples not subjected to stabilizing salt addition, heating and homogenization did not show significant variations in storage time. Sixty-seven (67) of the 81 evaluated experiments subjected to stabilizer addition recorded Dv90 values (volume, where 90% of particles were found) higher than those of their corresponding treatments without salt addition. The LD89 blend was the stabilizer recording the lowest Dv90 values at hydration times 0 and 24 hours, regardless of dose level, at homogenization pressure equal to 20 MPa. This very same same blend - at the dose of 1.0 g.L-1, 0-hour hydration and homogenization pressure equal to 80 MPa - was the stabilizer recording the lowest overall Dv90 value (0.926 µm) among all experimental conditions. Results enabled concluding that analysis time did not influence PSD, although stabilizer type had influence on PSD, under the homogenization conditions adopted for whole milk in the current study.
Multiplex PCR for detection of intestinal parasites in patients at Wasit province
Authors: Ali Magda A. , Naji Ghaidaa M.
Published: November 2022

Intestinal parasitic infestation still represents an economic and public health problem in the world particularly in the developing countries including the Middle East .To estimate the current prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among people  living in Wasit  province/ middle of Iraq .100 fecal samples were collected from males and females of different ages attending  AL-Karama Teaching Hospital suffering of gastroenteritis symptoms during the period from August to November 202, only 45 stool sample were positive for intestinal parasite. The total infectivity rate by intestinal parasites was (45%).This study indicated high occurrence of gastro-intestinal parasites in Wasit province, Iraq. The overall infection rate by intestinal protozoa was significantly higher than intestinal helminth infection. In the present study prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was Entamoeba histolytica 15(33.3%). the   percent of the infection among males were 9(20%) while the females were 6(13.3%). According the residence in urban areas were reported 5( 11.1%) and rural areas were 10(22.2%). The Co-infection appears in 19 samples with percent of infection (42.2%) in males infection were predominance 11(24.4%) than the females 8(17.7%). According to the residence urban areas were reported 7 (15.5%) and rural areas were 12(26.6%).
Effect of Mulch and Strengthened Terrace Strips on Erosion, Sediment Enrichment Ratio, and Nutrient Loss Through Erosion
Authors: Suyana Jaka , Nugraheni Nugraheni
Published: November 2022

Mulching technology is accessible to farmers and can also reduce soil erosion and nutrient loss through erosion. This research aimed to observe the effectiveness of the combination treatment of strengthened terrace strips and maize stalk mulch on runoff, erosion, sediment enrichment ratio (SER), and nutrient loss through erosion. The experiment was conducted on upland farming on Andisol at the end of the rainy season. The erosion plot experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the treatment of 4 doses of maize stalks mulch (0, 4, 8, and 12 Mg ha-1) and three types of strengthened terrace strips (Jali, Vetiver, and Kalanjana grass) put in groups/blocks, giving 12 experiments. The combination treatment of maize stalk mulch and strengthened terrace strips has not significantly reduced runoff and soil loss. The treatment mulch dose of 12 Mg  ha-1 reduced runoff and soil loss by 9.9% and 21.9% compared to without mulch. The application of maize stalks mulch tends to reduce the sediment concentration and the number of nutrients (N and Organic C) lost through erosion but increases the nutrient concentration in sediments (SER value).
Land Suitability Evaluation on Pepper Plant in Bireuen Regency, Aceh Province
Authors: Yusra Yusra Yusra , Muliana Muliana , Khusrizal Khusrizal , Aryani Dewi Sartika
Published: November 2022

Pepper plant development requires data and information on land potential and land suitability class assessment based on the physical and chemical properties criteria so that the land can be productive. The study aimed to determine the land suitability class for pepper plants in Bireuen Regency. The research was conducted in Bireuen Regency. The unit land map (Satuan Peta Lahan, SPL) resulting from the overlay of the slope map, land use map, and soil type map was used in this study. The method used is a survey method with a land unit approach consisting of four stages: (1) preparation stage, (2) preliminary survey, (3) main survey, and (4) presentation of results. The results showed that the land had good to poor drainage, soil depth >75 cm, flat to steep slopes, mild to very heavy erosion hazard, dusty clay texture, low to high cation exchange capacity (CEC), slightly acidic to slightly alkaline pH, low organic C, Base Saturation (BS) is low to high, N total is low to very low, P2O5 is very low, and K2O is very low. Land suitability class for pepper plants in Bireuen Regency includes marginal suitability (S3) with limiting factors in the form of drainage, texture, CEC, BS, N-total, P2O5, K2O, slope, and erosion hazard. Improvements include making rorak, planting contours, drainage systems, applying manure or compost, and planting cover crops.