bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The sensory system of the esophagus––what do we know?
Authors: Brock Christina , Gregersen Hans , Gyawali C. Prakash , Lottrup Christian , Furnari Manuele , Savarino Edoardo , Novais Luis , Frøkjær Jens Brøndum , Bor Serhat , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr
Published: September 2016

The nervous innervation and complex mechanical function of the esophagus make sensory evaluation difficult. However, during the last decades, several new techniques have made it possible to gain insight into pain processing of nociceptive signals. The current review highlights the sensory innervation and possibilities for quantitative sensory testing, the mechanosensory properties, the potential of high‐resolution manometry and imaging, and the sensory system in special conditions, such as Barrett's esophagus. It is mandatory to understand the complex pathophysiology of the esophagus to enhance our understanding of esophageal disorders, but it also increases the complexity of future experimental and clinical studies. The new methods, as outlined in the current review, provide the possibility for researchers to enhance the quality of interdisciplinary research and to gain more knowledge about sensory symptoms and treatment possibilities.
Leishmaniasis Gone Viral: Social Media and an Outbreak of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Mongkolrattanothai Kanokporn , Nadipuram Santhosh M. , Krakowski Andrew C. , Stone Margaret M. , Krogstad Paul , Lehman Deborah
Published: September 2016

This report details how social media communication was used in a group of teens to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis that they acquired during a trip to Israel. Their posts quickly brought the cluster to the attention of the teens and their parents, leading to prompt recognition of the true etiology of their lesions and appropriate treatment.
Harlequin Ichthyosis: A Surgical Perspective
Authors: Pet Mitchell A. , Gupta Deepti , Tse Raymond W.
Published: September 2016

Limb constriction or encasement in patients with harlequin ichthyosis can cause tissue injury resulting in necrosis and auto‐amputation. Surgical release of constrictive plaques has been previously demonstrated, but the perioperative and intraoperative considerations surrounding this infrequent intervention have not been discussed in detail. This report documents a case of harlequin ichthyosis requiring surgical treatment, focusing on the importance of early surgical consultation, risks of surgery, indications for and timing of surgical intervention, and the details of the operation.
Granulomatous Mycosis Fungoides in an Adolescent—A Rare Encounter and Review of the Literature
Authors: Wieser Iris , Wohlmuth Christoph , Duvic Madeleine
Published: September 2016

Granulomatous mycosis fungoides (GMF) is a rare form of mycosis fungoides (MF) characterized by an infiltrate of atypical lymphocytes, histiocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. Clinically, GMF has a slowly progressing course with a worse prognosis than other forms of MF. With its peak incidence being in the fifth to sixth decade, GMF is rare in children and adolescents. Herein we describe a 14‐year‐old boy with GMF.
Iatrogenic Skin Disorders and Related Factors in Newborn Infants
Authors: Csoma Zsanett Renáta , Meszes Angéla , Ábrahám Rita , Kemény Lajos , Tálosi Gyula , Doró Péter
Published: September 2016

Background/Objectives

Recent technological advances and diagnostic and therapeutic innovations have resulted in an impressive improvement in the survival of newborn infants requiring intensive care. Consequently, with the use of modern invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, the incidence of iatrogenic events has also increased. The aim of this study was to assess various iatrogenic complications in neonates requiring intensive care and determine possible contributing factors to the injuries.

Methods

Our prospective cross‐sectional cohort survey was conducted in a central regional level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Correlations between intensive therapeutic interventions, complications, factors influencing attendance and prognosis, and the prevalence of iatrogenic skin injuries (ISIs) were investigated over a 2‐year study period.

Results

Between January 31, 2012, and January 31, 2014, 460 neonates were admitted to the NICU, 83 of whom exhibited some kind of ISI. The major risk factors for ISIs were low birthweight, young gestational age, long NICU stay, use of the intubation–surfactant–extubation (INSURE) technique, surfactant use, mechanical ventilation, insertion of an umbilical arterial catheter, circulatory and cardiac support with dopamine or dobutamine, pulmonary hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and positive microbiology culture results.

Conclusion

To prevent ISIs, careful consideration of risk factors and the creation of protocols ensuring efficient treatment of injuries are needed.
Quantum Holism
Authors: Miller Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

Quantum mechanics allegedly supports a holistic metaphysical moral: it is not the case that the intrinsic characters of all entangled wholes supervene on intrinsic properties and spatiotemporal arrangements of proper parts. According to one influential line of reasoning, such holistic supervenience failure follows more or less directly from quantum theory itself. One advertised consequence is the defeat of a natural, broadly reductive worldview commonly linked to Lewis's philosophical doctrine of Humean supervenience. However, the situation is more complicated, in both this and other respects, than it may first appear. This article is an opinionated overview of some especially interesting complications.
The Recent Engagement Between Analytic Philosophy and Heideggerian Thought: Metaphysics and Mind
Authors: Casati Filippo , Wheeler Michael
Published: September 2016

Martin Heidegger is a towering figure in the history of continental philosophy, but his work has recently been brought into productive engagement with analytic philosophy. This paper introduces and explores two channels along which such engagement has been taking place. The first is in metaphysics, where Heideggerian thought has been interpreted either as making the metaphysical concept of being literally senseless or as mandating a revision to classical logic. The second is in philosophy of mind, and more particularly in philosophy of cognitive science, where Heideggerian thought has been used to mount a challenge to representational theories of mind.
Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody MsMab‐2 is useful to detect IDH1 R132L in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hayashi Akimasa , Misumi Kento , Shibahara Junji , Kokudo Norihiro , Kato Yukinari , Fukayama Masashi
Published: September 2016

Immunohistochemical analysis using specific antibodies is a useful and convenient method to detect proteins altered by somatic mutations. We previously generated the rat monoclonal antibody MsMab‐2, which recognizes isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 R132L and IDH2 R172M. In the present study, we used an immunohistochemical method to examine MsMab‐2 immunoreactivity in 95 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, including five IDH1 R132L and one IDH2 R172M mutant cases confirmed by direct sequencing. Tissue microarray section slides of all IDH1/2‐mutant and wild‐type cases, as well as whole section slides of IDH1 R132L and IDH2 R172M cases were immunostained using an autostainer. All IDH1 R132L cases showed positive staining for MsMab‐2, while other IDH1/2 mutant and IDH1/2 wild‐type cases were negative. Tumor cells of the immunopositive cases invariably showed strong reactivity using whole‐section slides. We consider immunohistochemical analysis using MsMab‐2 to be a useful means of detecting IDH1 R132L. Further analysis of its effectiveness against IDH2 R172M is necessary because of the small sample size in this study.
SRNAome and degradome sequencing analysis reveals specific regulation of sRNA in response to chilling injury in tomato fruit
Authors: Zuo Jinhua , Wang Qing , Han Cong , Ju Zheng , Cao Dongyan , Zhu Benzhong , Luo Yunbo , Gao Lipu
Published: September 2016

Plant genomes encode diverse small RNA classes that function in distinct gene‐silencing pathways. To elucidate the intricate regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous small‐interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in response to chilling injury in tomato fruit, the deep sequencing and bioinformatic methods were combined to decipher the small RNAs landscape in the control and chilling‐injured groups. Except for the known miRNAs and ta‐siRNAs, 85 novel miRNAs and 5 ta‐siRNAs members belonging to 3 TAS families (TAS5, TAS9 and TAS10) were identified, 34 putative phased small RNAs and 740 cis/trans‐natural antisense small‐interfering RNAs (nat‐siRNAs) were also found in our results which enriched the tomato small RNAs repository. A large number of genes targeted by those miRNAs and siRNAs were predicted to be involved in the chilling injury responsive process and five of them were verified via degradome sequencing. Based on the above results, a regulatory model that comprehensively reveals the relationships between the small RNAs and their targets was set up. This work provides a foundation for further study of the regulation of miRNAs and siRNAs in the plant in response to chilling injury.
Postauricular reflexes elicited by soft acoustic clicks and loud noise probes: Reliability, prepulse facilitation, and sensitivity to picture contents
Authors: Aaron Rachel V. , Benning Stephen D.
Published: September 2016

The startle blink reflex is facilitated during early picture viewing, then inhibited by attention during pleasant and aversive pictures compared to neutral pictures, and finally potentiated during aversive pictures specifically. However, it is unclear whether the postauricular reflex, which is elicited by the same loud acoustic probe as the startle blink reflex but enhanced by appetitive instead of defensive emotion, has the same pattern and time course of emotional modulation. We examined this issue in a sample of 90 undergraduates using serially presented soft acoustic clicks that elicited postauricular (but not startle blink) reflexes in addition to standard startle probes. Postauricular reflexes elicited by both clicks and probes correlated during food and nurturant contents, during which they were potentiated compared to neutral pictures, suggesting clicks effectively elicit emotionally modulated postauricular reflexes. The postauricular reflex was initially facilitated during the first 500 ms of picture processing but was larger during pleasant than neutral pictures throughout picture processing, with larger effect sizes during the latter half of picture processing. Across reflexes and eliciting stimuli, measures of emotional modulation had higher coefficient alphas than magnitudes during specific picture contents within each valence, indicating that only emotional modulation measures assess higher‐order appetitive or defensive processing.
Surgical Management of Complications with Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Ratajczak Andrzej , Lange‐Ratajczak Małgorzata , Bobkiewicz Adam , Studniarek Adam
Published: September 2016

This report reviews the most common surgical interventions and complications of chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Based on the current knowledge as well as our experience we detail the role of these surgical procedures. We supplement the reported knowledge in the field with our own experience in this area. The areas discussed include early complications such as surgical wound hemorrhage, bleeding from the catheter, intestinal perforation and urinary bladder perforation, dialysate leakage through the wound, as well as late complications including catheter kinking or occlusion, retention of fluid in the peritoneal recess, hernias and hydrothorax, and encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. We also briefly cover the surgical aspects of exit‐site infection and peritonitis. An understanding by nephrologists of the role for surgical intervention in PD patients will improve their care and outcomes.
Emerging Trends in Health Communication: The Powerful Role of Subjectivism in Moderating the Effectiveness of Persuasive Health Appeals
Authors: Detweiler‐Bedell Brian , Detweiler‐Bedell Jerusha B.
Published: September 2016

In this article, we draw from key lessons in social psychology in order to organize emerging trends in health communication. A quarter century ago, Ross and Nisbett (1991) distilled social psychology's major insights into three fundamental principles: situationism, subjectivism, and tension systems. The principle of subjectivism – the idea that to predict and successfully change behavior, we must first appreciate a person's understanding of a given situation – is of particular importance and has the potential to bring together health‐related investigations of (i) message framing, (ii) regulatory focus, (iii) construal level, and (iv) psychological mindset. These lines of research are readily applied to goal setting and self‐regulation, and they illustrate the powerful role of subjectivism in determining the effectiveness of health communication. We summarize this research and discuss how a better appreciation of subjectivism illuminates these investigations and gives rise to a cohesive set of implications for designing more persuasive health appeals.
Pregnancy and childbirth after repair of obstetric fistula in sub‐Saharan Africa: Scoping Review
Authors: Delamou Alexandre , Utz Bettina , Delvaux Therese , Beavogui Abdoul Habib , Shahabuddin Asm , Koivogui Akoi , Levêque Alain , Zhang Wei‐Hong , De Brouwere Vincent
Published: September 2016

Objective

To synthesise the evidence on pregnancy and childbirth after repair of obstetric fistula in sub‐Saharan Africa and to identify the existing knowledge gaps.

Methods

A scoping review of studies reporting on pregnancy and childbirth in women who underwent repair for obstetric fistula in sub‐Saharan Africa was conducted. We searched relevant articles published between 1 January 1970 and 31 March 2016, without methodological or language restrictions, in electronic databases, general Internet sources and grey literature.

Results

A total of 16 studies were included in the narrative synthesis. The findings indicate that many women in sub‐Saharan Africa still desire to become pregnant after the repair of their obstetric fistula. The overall proportion of pregnancies after repair estimated in 11 studies was 17.4% (ranging from 2.5% to 40%). Among the 459 deliveries for which the mode of delivery was reported, 208 women (45.3%) delivered by elective caesarean section (CS), 176 women (38.4%) by emergency CS and 75 women (16.3%) by vaginal delivery. Recurrence of fistula was a common maternal complication in included studies while abortions/miscarriage, stillbirths and neonatal deaths were frequent foetal consequences. Vaginal delivery and emergency C‐section were associated with increased risk of stillbirth, recurrence of the fistula or even maternal death.

Conclusion

Women who get pregnant after repair of obstetric fistula carry a high risk for pregnancy complications. However, the current evidence does not provide precise estimates of the incidence of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes post‐repair. Therefore, studies clearly assessing these outcomes with the appropriate study designs are needed.
PP2A‐B′γ modulates foliar trans‐methylation capacity and the formation of 4‐methoxy‐indol‐3‐yl‐methyl glucosinolate in Arabidopsis leaves
Authors: Rahikainen Moona , Trotta Andrea , Alegre Sara , Pascual Jesús , Vuorinen Katariina , Overmyer Kirk , Moffatt Barbara , Ravanel Stéphane , Glawischnig Erich , Kangasjärvi Saijaliisa
Published: September 2016

Glucosinolates (GSL) of cruciferous plants comprise a major group of structurally diverse secondary compounds which act as deterrents against aphids and microbial pathogens and have large commercial and ecological impacts. While the transcriptional regulation governing the biosynthesis and modification of GSL is now relatively well understood, post‐translational regulatory components that specifically determine the structural variation of indole glucosinolates have not been reported. We show that the cytoplasmic protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B′γ (PP2A‐B′γ) physically interacts with indole glucosinolate methyltransferases and controls the methoxylation of indole glucosinolates and the formation of 4‐methoxy‐indol‐3‐yl‐methyl glucosinolate in Arabidopsis leaves. By taking advantage of proteomic approaches and metabolic analysis we further demonstrate that PP2A‐B′γ is required to control the abundance of oligomeric protein complexes functionally linked with the activated methyl cycle and the trans‐methylation capacity of leaf cells. These findings highlight the key regulatory role of PP2A‐B′γ in methionine metabolism and provide a previously unrecognized perspective for metabolic engineering of glucosinolate metabolism in cruciferous plants.
A split‐body, randomized, blinded study to evaluate the efficacy of a topical spray composed of essential oils and essential fatty acids from plant extracts with antimicrobial properties
Authors: Bensignor Emmanuel , Fabriès Lionel , Bailleux Lucie
Published: September 2016

Background

Bacterial pyoderma is a frequent presentation in dogs. Despite the widespread availability of effective systemic and topical antimicrobial products, good clinical practice currently recommends avoidance of long‐term use to mitigate the development of bacterial resistance.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To evaluate the speed of resolution of clinical signs of bacterial pyoderma in dogs treated with a systemic antimicrobial agent with or without the use of an adjunctive spray with antimicrobial properties.

Animals

Twelve dogs with superficial bacterial pyoderma.

Methods

In this controlled and blinded study, all dogs were treated with oral cefalexin and a topical spray (PYOClean Spray) for 4 weeks. The spray was applied to one half of each dog's body, whereas a placebo spray was applied to the other half.

Results

Twelve dogs completed the study. Mean clinical scores were significantly reduced on spray‐treated sites, for test product and placebo (respectively), by 47% and 34% at Week 1, 83% and 60% at Week 2, 95% and 82% at Week 3, and 100% and 96% at Week 4. Fifty percent of treated sites were considered clinically and cytologically cured at Week 2, 83% at Week 3, and 100% at Week 4 compared to 8%, 50% and 83% for the placebo sites, respectively.

Conclusions and clinical importance

These results demonstrate that use of a topical spray which contains plant‐derived essential oils and fatty acids, and compounds with antimicrobial properties (Manuka oil and N‐acetyl cysteine) may help to speed resolution of pyoderma and may allow for shorter antimicrobial treatment time.
Integrated ion exchange mixed bed with reverse osmosis and nanofiltration for isolation of neutral dissolved organic matter from natural waters
Authors: Khettaf Sami , Bouhidel Kamel‐Eddine , Meguellati Nour el Houda , Ghodbane Nour el Houda , Bouhelassa Mohammed
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to isolate the neutral dissolved organic matter (NDOM) and the low molecular weight neutrals (LMWN) from natural waters. The coupling of an ion exchange mixed bed (IEXMB) with reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration was the main hypothesis. IEXMB removed charged species, while the neutral molecules were isolated in the demineralised water and then concentrated by RO without any osmotic pressure or fouling limits. Neutrals isolation and unlimited concentration, gives this paper its originality. The nanofiltration (NF) step allows for the isolation of the LMWN. The studied reservoir water NDOM and LMWN represented respectively 35% of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) and 34% of the NDOM. Aromatic compounds were found in both fractions. The UV254 absorbance measured before and after the IEXMB evidenced the water quality ‘signature’. IEX has never been studied as fractionation method of DOM. This IEXMB approach is thus quite novel.
The impacts of age and frailty on heart rate and sinoatrial node function
Authors: Moghtadaei Motahareh , Jansen Hailey J. , Mackasey Martin , Rafferty Sara A. , Bogachev Oleg , Sapp John L. , Howlett Susan E. , Rose Robert A.
Published: September 2016

Key points

Sinoatrial node (SAN) function declines with age; however, not all individuals age at the same rate and health status can vary from fit to frail.

Frailty was quantified in young and aged mice using a non‐invasive frailty index so that the impacts of age and frailty on heart rate and SAN function could be assessed.

SAN function was impaired in aged mice due to alterations in electrical conduction, changes in SAN action potential morphology and fibrosis in the SAN.

Changes in SAN function, electrical conduction, action potential morphology and fibrosis were correlated with, and graded by, frailty.

This study shows that mice of the same chronological age have quantifiable differences in health status that impact heart rate and SAN function and that these differences in health status can be identified using our frailty index.

Sinoatrial node (SAN) dysfunction increases with age, although not all older adults are affected in the same way. This is because people age at different rates and individuals of the same chronological age vary in health status from very fit to very frail. Our objective was to determine the impacts of age and frailty on heart rate (HR) and SAN function using a new model of frailty in ageing mice. Frailty, which was quantified in young and aged mice using a frailty index (FI), was greater in aged vs. young mice. Intracardiac electrophysiology demonstrated that HR was reduced whereas SAN recovery time (SNRT) was prolonged in aged mice; however, both parameters showed heteroscedasticity suggesting differences in health status among mice of similar chronological age. Consistent with this, HR and corrected SNRT were correlated with, and graded by, FI score. Optical mapping of the SAN demonstrated that conduction velocity (CV) was reduced in aged hearts in association with reductions in diastolic depolarization (DD) slope and action potential (AP) duration. In agreement with in vivo results, SAN CV, DD slope and AP durations all correlated with FI score. Finally, SAN dysfunction in aged mice was associated with increased interstitial fibrosis and alterations in expression of matrix metalloproteinases, which also correlated with frailty. These findings demonstrate that age‐related SAN dysfunction occurs in association with electrical and structural remodelling and that frailty is a critical determinant of health status of similarly aged animals that correlates with changes in HR and SAN function.
Modelo propuesto para la detección de fraudes por parte de los auditores internos basado en las Normas Internacionales de Auditoría
Authors: Salas-Ávila José Augusto , Reyes-Maldonado Nydia Marcela
Published: September 2016

Los auditores internos en ejercicio de sus funciones tienen la responsabilidad de detectar el fraude, aspecto que deben considerar tanto en la planeación como en la ejecución de su trabajo de auditoría. No obstante, no hay reglamentos ni normas que orienten al auditor interno para realizar esta labor de manera precisa. En efecto, esta carencia de orientación en la materia ha llevado a estudiar el efecto de las Normas Internacionales de Auditoría (NIA) aplicadas por los auditores externos sobre los procedimientos de auditoría interna. En este sentido, se procedió a diseñar un instrumento para medir las variables que afectan la detección de fraudes usando la NIA 240, Responsabilidad del auditor de considerar el fraude y error en una auditoría de estados financieros, documento del cual se utilizaron las 96 afirmaciones relacionadas con indicadores globales de riesgos de fraude en los estados financieros y de errores originados por la malversación de activos, que fueron sometidas a consideración de 617 auditores internos por medio de una encuesta que evaluaba su percepción del fraude atendiendo a estas afirmaciones. Usando un análisis factorial exploratorio y posteriormente confirmatorio (Modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, Structural Equations Model, SEM), podemos sostener con evidencia científica que, con la evaluación de solo 17 variables de las 96 previamente definidas en la NIA 240, y con un alto grado de seguridad —más de un 87%—, los auditores internos deberían ser capaces de minimizar la posibilidad de fraude en las empresas.
Panorama de los currículos de programas de contaduría pública en Colombia frente a contenidos de auditoría forense y prevención de delitos financieros
Authors: Baracaldo-Lozano Natalia Andrea , Daza-Giraldo Luis Eduardo
Published: September 2016

Los recientes casos de delitos económicos y financieros, fraude financiero, corrupción y malas prácticas empresariales en el ámbito empresarial local e internacional, crean la necesidad de contar con profesionales capacitados para enfrentar el reto de su investigación y análisis, que son actividades desarrolladas por la auditoría forense. En el presente artículo, se resaltan aspectos de suma importancia para entender por qué es importante incluir en los currículos la auditoría forense como asignatura, puntualmente en la formación del contador público. Así mismo, los contenidos temáticos que deberían abarcarse en esta asignatura, como sus conceptos, técnicas de investigación judicial, metodologías, etapas, evidencia en la auditoría forense, análisis financiero y patrimonial, informe de auditoría forense. Por otro lado, se muestra el panorama nacional de la auditoría forense y los delitos financieros en los programas de contaduría pública acreditados. Finalmente, se muestra la reflexión sobre la necesidad de que en los programas de contaduría pública en Colombia se contemplen los temas de auditoría forense con suficiente dedicación y énfasis.
Análisis de las modificaciones en el índice de masa corporal en un grupo de pacientes con obesidad y mayores de edad
Authors: ALBA MARTIN RAQUEL , SALCEDA GARCÍA JUAN LUÍS
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Analizar los cambios en el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en un grupo de pacientes obesos tras una intervención enfermera basada en promover cambios en su estilo de vida, mediante dieta hipocalórica, ejercicio físico y terapia conductual.

Método: Estudio cuasi experimental con un muestreo no probabilístico de 32 pacientes cuyos criterios de inclusión fueron pacientes sanos, con autonomía para las actividades de la vida diaria y sin demencia senil. La intervención se fundamentó en una intervención enfermera basada en promover cambios en su estilo de vida y, posteriormente, se evaluó a través del descenso en el IMC.

Resultados: El valor medio del IMC basal era de 34,2 al comienzo del estudio. Tras la intervención enfermera existe una progresiva disminución del IMC que fue estadísticamente significativa a los 6 meses de tratamiento, que resultó un valor medio en el IMC de 32,7. Es decir, una reducción del IMC en torno al 4 %.

Conclusiones: La intervención enfermera personalizada y el seguimiento intensivo favorecen una buena aceptación o adhesión al programa ypermiten observar cambios en el estilo de vida de los pacientes imprescindibles parael control de la obesidad
Estructura del consumidor, la frontera de producción y el marco de bienestar creado por la interacción del consumidor, productor y el mercado vinculado a la oferta y demanda de medicamentos
Authors: Gutiérrez Ossa Jahir Alexander , Manrique H. Rubén D.
Published: September 2016

Introducción. El artículo contextualiza el análisis microeconómico del sector farmacéutico en cuanto al comportamiento del consumidor, el productor y el mercado. El estar ubicados en un mismo renglón no ha implicado una mejora en su interacción. Materiales y Métodos. El análisis institucional funge como herramienta metodológica para allanar el análisis. Resultados. Es importante reconocer la conducta económica del consumidor de los productos farmacéuticos y de los medicamentos. Discusión. El papel cumplido por las empresas y laboratorios dedicados a la producción de dichos recursos frente a la capacidad del mercado para equilibrar el comportamiento del consumidor con el productor en el sector farmacéutico. Conclusiones. La búsqueda de conexión entre los segmentos del sector farmacéutico, está ausente de la discusión planteada en los mercados.
Opinión del jefe inmediato sobre el desempeño de los egresados de la Licenciatura en Enfermería
Authors: González Velázquez María Susana , Crespo Knopfler Silvia , Agama Sarabia Adiel , De la Peña León Belinda , Torres Medina Marisol
Published: September 2016

objetivo  Identificar la opinión de los ejfes inmediatos sobre el desempeño de los egresados de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza para retroalimentar el plan de estudios y establecer un plan de mejoramiento continuo sobre las fortalezas y debilidades

Metodología estudios descriptivo, transversal y correlacional. Con una muestra no probabilistica a conveniencia conformada por 29 jefes inmediatos en instituciones de salud en el 2o y 3er nivel de atención. Se aplico el instrumento opinión del jefe inmediato sobre empleabilidad, satisfacción y desempeño laboral. El instrumento presento una confiabilidad de 0.82 con la prueba de Alpha de Cronbach y fue validaddo por expertos.

Resultados Para la contratación el título se ubicó como la principal característica, seguido de la entrevista y el examen práctico. En relaicón a laasa características deseables del personal se identifico el trabajo en equipo,la búsqueda y manejo de información como los principales. se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las dimensiones características de contratación, satisfacción con empleado y desempeño laboral y la institución de salud.

Conclusiones  La evaluación del desempeño del egresado en el presente estudio fue la mejor preparación en la aplicación del proceso de enfermería, los conocimientos generales, la resolución de problemas, la toma de decisiones y la identificación institucional.
Adaptation of the L-Moments Method for the Regionalization for Maximum Annual Temperatures in Colombia
Authors: Nuñez Galeano Lisandro , Giraldo-Osorio Juan Diego
Published: September 2016

The current study aims at developing a regional frequency analysis for Maximum Annual Temperature (MAT) in the hydrographic basins of Colombia. The methodology that was implemented for the regionalization is the L-Moments, proposed by Hosking (1990). The work was performed in five stages: data analysis, computing of L-Moments, identification of homogeneous regions, selection of probability and distribution of the density function and estimation of quantities, and finally the construction of regionalized maps. Overall, fifteen (15) homogeneous regions were identified and selected for annual maximum temperature, which meet certain criteria of homogeneity and discordance. Several distributions for regional frequency analysis were tested in order to select the best probability function: the ZDIST statistic was used, considering that the absolute value must be smaller than 1,64. Finally, temperature maps were generated for different return periods. Using the L-Moments methodology, the regionalization procedure was done using the annual average maximum temperature as the key scale parameter. However, the regionalization procedure was done using the geographic location; the physical parameters by gauging stations (Wallis, 2007), with stations located in the same catchment, and considering the coherent-basins approach.
Towards a Domain-Specific Language to Design Adaptive Software: the DMLAS Approach
Authors: Bocanegra García José Joaquín , Pavlich Mariscal Jaime Andrés , Carrillo Ramos Angela Cristina
Published: September 2016

An adaptive software has the ability to modify its own behavior at runtime due to changes in the users and their context, in the system, in the requirements, in the environment in which the system is deployed, and thus, give to the users a better experience. However, the development of this kind of systems is not a simple task. There are two main issues. First, there is a lack of languages to specify, unambiguously, the elements related to the design phase. As a consequence, these systems are often developed in an ad-hoc manner, without the required formalism, difficulting the process of derivation of design models to the next phases of the development cycle. Second, design decisions and the adaptation model tend to be directly implemented into the source code and not thoroughly specified at the design level. Since the adaptation models become tangled with the code, system evolution becomes more difficult. To address the above issues, this paper proposes DMLAS, a Domain-Specific Language (DSL) to design adaptive systems. As proof of concept, this paper also provides a functional prototype based on the Sirius plugin for Eclipse
El Programa de Desarrollo y Paz del Magdalena Medio – ¿Un modelo de construcción de paz para el post conflicto en Colombia?
Authors: Barreto Henriques Miguel
Published: September 2016

Esta ponencia incide sobre una experiencia sui generis de construcción de paz en Colombia – el Programa de Desarrollo y Paz del Magdalena Medio (PDPMM). El objetivo principal es evaluar en qué medida el PDPMM se concibe como un verdadero “laboratorio de paz” y abre caminos novedosos y “fórmulas” alternativas para la paz a nivel local y regional, que se podrán replicar en otras regiones del país, en un potencial escenario de post-conflicto en Colombia. La hipótesis de trabajo es que el PDPMM se configura como un modelo consolidado y válido de construcción de paz positiva a nivel regional, de lo cual se pueden rescatar diversas enseñanzas y “buenas prácticas” para la construcción de una paz sostenible y duradera en Colombia.
Creación de un cuestionario de clima organizacional para hospitales de alta complejidad, Chile
Authors: Bustamante Ubilla Miguel Alejandro , Lapo-Maza María del Carmen , Grandón-Avendaño Maderline Lissette
Published: September 2016

En el contexto de un sector salud chileno en proceso de transformaciones, se propuso crear un cuestionario validado para medir el clima organizacional en hospitales de alta complejidad. Para su formulación se identificaron dimensiones y variables de diversos autores y se revisaron diferentes cuestionarios, validaciones y constructos utilizados en diferentes propuestas a nivel internacional. La investigación es de tipo descriptivo, cuantitativo e inferencial y se realizó sobre una base de datos de 561 empleados hospitalarios, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario por la vía de una entrevista personalizada en el lugar de trabajo, que consta de 71 variables agrupadas en 14 dimensiones. La aplicación del instrumento, así como los estudios de validez y de confiabilidad, permitieron dar origen a un nuevo cuestionario validado que cuenta con 10 factores y 44 reactivos de alta confiabilidad, que explican el 52,181 % de la varianza total, alcanzando un alfa de Cronbach total de 0,89.
Dimensión económica de la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo: una revisión de literatura
Authors: Riaño Casallas Martha Isabel , Palencia-Sánchez Francisco
Published: September 2016

La seguridad y la salud en el trabajo tradicionalmente se han abordado desde diferentes disciplinas, pero ha predominado el enfoque desde las ciencias de la salud. Por tal razón, el objetivo de la presente revisión es establecer cuál ha sido el aporte y abordaje desde las ciencias económicas en el campo de la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo. Para tal fin, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de literatura en bases de datos como Econlit, jstor, PubMed, isi y Scopus. Para el análisis de la información se elaboraron fichas de contenido y una matriz resumen, además, se construyó un mapa para identificar las principales temáticas abordadas, las cuales
se relacionan con evaluaciones económicas de las intervenciones en seguridad y salud en el trabajo, los sistemas de gestión en salud laboral, la relación entre salud y productividad y los costos del accidente y la enfermedad laboral.
Desigualdades sociales en los tiempos de espera para la consulta médica en Argentina
Authors: Ballesteros Matías Salvador
Published: September 2016

Contexto: los tiempos de espera para la atención son una de las principales barreras en el acceso a los servicios de salud en Argentina. Objetivo: analizar los tiempos diferenciales que la población tuvo que aguardar en la sala de espera y entre la solicitud de un turno y la atención con un médico especialista, según sus características socioeconómicas, demográficas, el tipo de cobertura de salud y el lugar de residencia. Método: cuantitativo, basado en el análisis de datos secundarios. Se utilizó la Encuesta de la Deuda Social Argentina del año 2013, realizada por el Observatorio de la Deuda Social Argentina de la Universidad Católica Argentina. Resultados: los tiempos de espera para consultar con un médico estuvieron estratificados socialmente, según las características socioeconómicas, tipo de cobertura y lugar de residencia de la población. No existieron diferencias significativas según el sexo y entre los grupos etarios.
Participación social en sistemas de salud fragmentados: ¿una relación virtuosa?
Authors: Jaime Sergio Fernando
Published: September 2016

Los sistemas de salud se enfrentan a diferentes obstáculos que amenazan su correcto desempeño. Uno de ellos es su fragmentación. Como contrapartida, la participación social en salud es mencionada con la misma intensidad como fenómeno integrador. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo proporcionar un marco más concreto sobre la compleja relación entre ambos emergentes de los sistemas de salud y para ello utilizó diferentes métodos: una revisión de la literatura, un enfoque cualitativo para definir las dimensiones de análisis y, en un tercer momento, técnicas de ensayos clásicos (ensayo expositivo) para argumentar cada dimensión. Como producto final se definieron doce tesis que en conjunto se proponen explicar satisfactoriamente este fenómeno e inferir líneas de trabajo para mejorar de manera efectiva el funcionamiento de los sistemas de salud.
Aprendiendo los cuidados del hogar en contextos migratorios: ambivalencias, alianzas y distancias
Authors: Yufra Laura Cristina , Santamaría Lorenzo Enrique
Published: September 2016

El artículo busca problematizar las dinámicas que se establecen entre usuarias y formadoras de un curso de cuidados del hogar, dirigido a personas inmigrantes en situación irregular en la ciudad de Barcelona. A partir del análisis de dichas dinámicas, perfilamos la ambivalencia de los dispositivos formativos implementados para ofrecer ayuda o apoyo a las personas inmigrantes. En dichos dispositivos es posible reconocer posiciones sociales jerarquizadas y distantes —nacional/inmigrante-extranjero—, así como alianzas en las identificaciones comunes —la “empleada”/la “señora”—. A la luz del análisis, se hace patente, primero, la necesidad de las tareas de cuidado para la reproducción de la vida y, segundo, su escaso reconocimiento social y su exigua remuneración y cobertura legal —cuando son ofrecidas en el mercado laboral—.
La empresa flexible como dispositivo de gobierno. Aportes de la Analítica de la Gubernamentalidad al estudio de las subjetividades laborales en América Latina
Authors: Stecher Antonio
Published: September 2016

Se aboradán los aportes de la Analítica de la Gubernamentalidad desarrollada por Foucault para interrogar críticamente las transformaciones laborales y subjetivas ocurridas en América Latina, en el contexto del capitalismo flexible. Se discute el modo como la empresa flexible y su discurso neomanagerial puede ser conceptualizado como un dispositivo de gobierno en que se entrelazan particulares juegos de verdad, relaciones de poder y vectores de subjetivación. Se analizan cuatro rasgos de la racionalidad de gobierno de la empresa flexible –capital humano, incorporación de la vida y la subjetividad social al proceso productivo, tecnologías posdisciplinarias de control, nuevo ideal de trabajador flexible–, destacando los modos de subjetivación laboral que promueven, así como sus afinidades con las lógicas de la gubernamentalidad neoliberal.
Habitar la Marcha: notas etnográficas sobre una experiencia de protesta juvenil
Authors: Bonvillani Andrea
Published: September 2016

El artículo propone un análisis acerca de los recursos expresivos y simbólicos desplegados en la denominada “Marcha de la Gorra” (Córdoba, Argentina), movilización anual que convoca a gran número de jóvenes de sectores populares que reclaman la derogación del Código de Faltas provincial por considerarlo inconstitucional. Se parte del supuesto de que dichos recursos sirven para hacer visible un conflicto social, ejercitar el derecho a la alegría y promover una “política del encuentro”, combinando formas contenciosas canónicas con otras que remiten a marcas identitarias propias de la cultura local. Se condujo una investigación de inspiración etnográfica a partir de la propuesta de la etnografía de eventos de Borges (2004), que implicó la articulación de múltiples formas de construcción de datos y un ejercicio continuo de reflexividad sobre lo pensado y lo sentido al calor de la marcha.
El paciente experto 2.0 VIH: molecularización, regímenes de vitalidad y nuevos ciudadanos crónicos
Authors: Zaballos Samper Alejandro , Peñaranda Cólera MªCarmen
Published: September 2016

La introducción de los tratamientos antirretrovirales de gran actividad (TARGA), generó una profunda transformación en la vida de las personas diagnosticadas con VIH: habitan un nuevo espacio vital, la enfermedad crónica caracterizada por un envejecimiento prematuro causado por la inflamación crónica del sistema inmune. Se plantea que la condición crónica del paciente VIH desborda el efecto puramente biológico o biomédico y se define por el establecimiento de lo que se denomina régimen de vitalidad. A partir de metodología cualitativa, se analiza la producción de un nuevo tipo de ciudadano crónico que, conducido por la norma biomédica y el dato biológico, se autogobierna en relación con representaciones del VIH.
El repertorio del amor romántico y las condiciones de posibilidad para la violencia machista
Authors: Cubells Serra Jenny , Calsamiglia Madurga Andrea
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo analiza la relación existente entre el repertorio interpretativo del amor romántico y la violencia machista. Se realizaron ocho relatos de vida con jóvenes de entre 25 y 35 años (3 chicos y 5 chicas), centrados en sus relaciones erótico-afectivas. Se recurrió al análisis del discurso, concretamente al de los repertorios interpretativos. Esta aproximación ha permitido identificar, caracterizar y analizar el repertorio interpretativo del amor romántico cuyos resultados orientan las formas adecuadas de sentir, favoreciendo las relaciones heterosexuales, románticas, monógamas y duraderas, que constituyen la base del patriarcado, generando las condiciones de posibilidad para la aparición y mantenimiento de la violencia machista.
Low Frequency Distortion in Civil Aero-engine Intake
Authors: Carnevale Mauro , Wang Feng , di Mare Luca
Published: September 2016

The main role of the intake is to provide a sufficient mass flow to the engine face and a sufficient flow homogeneity to the fan. Intake-fan interaction off design represents a critical issue in the design process because intake lines are set very early during the aircraft optimization. The offdesign operation of an aero-engine, strictly related to the intake flow field, can be mainly related to two different conditions. When the plane is in near ground position, vorticity can be ingested by the fan due to crosswind incidence. During the flight, distortions occur due to incidence. In these conditions, the windward lip is subjected to high acceleration followed by strong adverse pressure gradients, high streamline curvature, and cohabitation of incompressible and transonic flow around the lip. All these features increase the risk of lip stall in flight at incidence or in crosswind near ground operation and increase the level of forcing seen by the fan blades because of the interaction with nonuniform flow from the intake. This work deals with the study of two sources of distortions: ground vortex ingestion and flight at high incidence conditions. A test case representative of a current installation clearance from the ground has been investigated and the experimental data available in open literature validated the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations. An intake, representative of a realistic civil aero-engine configuration flying at high incidence, has been investigated in powered and aspirated configurations. Distortion distributions have been characterized in terms of total loss distributions in space and in time. The beneficial effect of the presence of fan in terms of distortion control has been demonstrated. The mutual effect between fan and incoming distortion from the intake has been assessed in terms of modal force and distortion control. CFD has been validated by means of comparisons between numerical results and experimental data which have been provided. Waves predicted by CFD have been compared with an actuator disk approach prediction. The linear behavior of the lower disturbance frequency coming from distortion and the waves reflected by the fan has been demonstrated.
Linear Growth Rate Estimation From Dynamics and Statistics of Acoustic Signal Envelope in Turbulent Combustors
Authors: Noiray Nicolas
Published: September 2016

Considerable research and development efforts are required to meet the targets of future gas turbine technologies in terms of performance, emissions, and operational flexibility. One of the recurring problems is the constructive coupling between flames and combustor's acoustics. These thermoacoustic interactions can cause high-amplitude dynamic pressure limit cycles, which reduce the lifetime of the hot gas path parts or in the worst-case scenario destroy these mechanical components as a result of a sudden catastrophic event. It is shown in this paper that the dynamics and the statistics of the acoustic signal envelope can be used to identify the linear growth rates hidden behind the observed pulsations, and the results are validated against numerical simulations. This is a major step forward and it will contribute to the development of future gas turbine combustors, because the knowledge of these linear growth rates is essential to develop robust active and passive systems to control these combustion instabilities.
Direct Synthesis of Nanofibrous Nonwoven Carbon Components: Initial Observations, Capabilities, and Challenges
Authors: Atwater Mark A. , Welsh Roger J. , Edwards David S.
Published: September 2016

Widespread adoption of carbon nanomaterials has been hindered by inefficient production and utilization. A recently developed method has shown possibility to directly synthesize bulk nanostructured nonwoven materials from catalytically deposited carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The basic manufacturing scheme involves constraining carbon nanofiber growth to create three-dimensionally featured, macroscale products. Although previously demonstrated as a proof of concept, the possibilities and pitfalls of the method at a larger scale have not yet been explored. In this work, the basic foundation for using the constrained formation of fibrous nanostructures (CoFFiN) process is established by testing feasibility in larger volumes (as much as 2000% greater than initial experiments) and by noting the macroscale carbon growth characteristics. It has been found that a variety of factors contribute to determining the basic qualities of the macroscale fiber collection (nonwoven material), and there are tunable parameters at the catalytic and constraint levels. The results of this work have established that monolithic structures of nonwoven carbon nanofibers can be created with centimeter dimensions in a variety of cross-sectional shapes. The only limit to scale noted is the tendency for nanofibers to entangle with one another during growth and self-restrict outward expansion to the mold walls. This may be addressed by pregrowing carbon before placement or selective placement of the catalyst in the mold.