bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Different Parameters of the Self-Excited Oscillation Nozzle for Cavitation Effect under Multiphase Mixed Transport Conditions
Authors: Zhao Fujian , Wang Xiuli , Xu Wei , Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhao Guohui , Zhu Han
Published: October 2021

The pollution problems of water resources have affected the ecology of the Earth, especially the ecological environment of the oceans. In order to find a cheaper and cleaner organic wastewater treatment method and explore the effect of geometrical parameters and external parameters of self-excited oscillation on cavitation performance, apply it in engineering stably and efficiently, this study took the cavitation effect of self-excited oscillating cavitation jet nozzle as the research target and simulated the geometrical parameters and external parameters of the nozzle. The primary and secondary relationship of the effect of all parameters on cavitation performance was summarized by analyzing the correlation and partial correlation of each parameter. Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to build a mathematical model of self-excited oscillating cavitation jet nozzle suitable for multiphase transport. As revealed from the results, the contribution rate of parameters to vapor volume fraction followed the order of CLD > d1 > Cd21 > CDd2 > Pin. The ratio of outlet diameter to inlet diameter (Cd21) of the self-excited oscillating cavitation jet nozzle significantly impacted the volume fraction of cavitation vapor (VOF) due to the change of particle diameter, while the influence of other design parameters on VOF was not significant with the change of particle diameter. The larger the content of solid particles, the less the VOF would be impacted by the design parameters. Under the solid particle content of 10% and the particle diameter of 0.2 mm, an independent working point was obtained. In addition, after experimental verification, it was found that the slope of experimental fitting was basically the identical to the corresponding coefficient of parameters in the model. This model and the self-excited nozzle with good cavitation performance provide a theoretical basis for solving the problem of water pollution.
Does Board Diversity Attract Foreign Institutional Ownership? Insights from the Chinese Equity Market
Authors: Ali Shoukat , Rehman Ramiz , Ahmad Muhammad , Ueng Joe
Published: October 2021

The study aimed to empirically investigate the impact of board diversity variables (age, gender, nationality, education, tenure, and expertise) on the investment preferences of foreign institutional investors in an emerging market, China. For this, sample data consisted of 1374 nonfinancial Chinese firms from 2009 to 2018. The study used OLS regression as a baseline regression, a fixed effect model to control omitted variable bias, and the two-step systems GMM model to control the endogeneity problem. The study revealed that board diversity variables (gender, nationality, education, and financial expertise) are positively associated with foreign institutional ownership in Chinese nonfinancial firms, implying that foreign institutional investors own a high percentage of Chinese nonfinancial firms with diversity of gender, nationality, education, and financial expertise. Age and tenure of board diversity, on the other hand, have little correlation with foreign institutional ownership. Further, the robustness regressions also confirmed the relationship between board diversity and foreign institutional ownership. This study made a unique attempt to provide empirical evidence that firms having diverse boards attract foreign institutional ownership by reducing asymmetric information.
Hybrid Inertial Accelerated Algorithms for Solving Split Equilibrium and Fixed Point Problems
Authors: Song Yanlai
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new hybrid inertial accelerated algorithm with a line search technique for solving fixed point problems for demimetric mapping and split equilibrium problems in Hilbert spaces. The algorithm is inspired by Tseng’s extragradient method and the viscosity method. Then, we establish and prove the strong convergence theorem under proper conditions. Furthermore, we also give a numerical example to support the main results. The main results are new and the proofs are relatively simple and different from those in early and recent literature.
Epstein Barr Virus Exploits Genetic Susceptibility to Increase Multiple Sclerosis Risk
Authors: Läderach Fabienne , Münz Christian
Published: October 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) for which both genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified. The strongest synergy among them exists between the MHC class II haplotype and infection with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV), especially symptomatic primary EBV infection (infectious mononucleosis) and elevated EBV-specific antibodies. In this review, we will summarize the epidemiological evidence that EBV infection is a prerequisite for MS development, describe altered EBV specific immune responses in MS patients, and speculate about possible pathogenic mechanisms for the synergy between EBV infection and the MS-associated MHC class II haplotype. We will also discuss how at least one of these mechanisms might explain the recent success of B cell-depleting therapies for MS. While a better mechanistic understanding of the role of EBV infection and its immune control during MS pathogenesis is required and calls for the development of innovative experimental systems to test the proposed mechanisms, therapies targeting EBV-infected B cells are already starting to be explored in MS patients.
Community Profile and Drivers of Predatory Myxobacteria under Different Compost Manures
Authors: Dai Wei , Wang Ning , Wang Wenhui , Ye Xianfeng , Cui Zhongli , Wang Jieling , Yao Dandan , Dong Yuanhua , Wang Hui
Published: October 2021

Myxobacteria are unique predatory microorganisms with a distinctive social lifestyle. These taxa play key roles in the microbial food webs in different ecosystems and regulate the community structures of soil microbial communities. Compared with conditions under conventional management, myxobacteria abundance increases in the organic soil, which could be related to the presence of abundant myxobacteria in the applied compost manure during organic conditions. In the present study,16S rRNA genes sequencing technology was used to investigate the community profile and drivers of predatory myxobacteria in four common compost manures. According to the results, there was a significant difference in predatory myxobacteria community structure among different compost manure treatments (p < 0.05). The alpha-diversity indices of myxobacteria community under swine manure compost were the lowest (Observed OTU richness = 13.25, Chao1 = 14.83, Shannon = 0.61), and those under wormcast were the highest (Observed OTU richness = 30.25, Chao1 = 31.65, Shannon = 2.62). Bacterial community diversity and Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentrations were the major factors influencing the myxobacteria community under different compost manure treatments. In addition, organic carbon, pH, and total nitrogen influenced the community profile of myxobacteria in compost manure. The interaction between myxobacteria and specific bacterial taxa (Micrococcales) in compost manure may explain the influence of bacteria on myxobacteria community structure. Further investigations on the in-situ community profile of predatory myxobacteria and the key microorganism influencing their community would advance our understanding of the community profile and functions of predatory microorganisms in the microbial world.
Microbial Diversity in Subarctic Biocrusts from West Iceland following an Elevation Gradient
Authors: Pushkareva Ekaterina , Barrantes Israel , Leinweber Peter , Karsten Ulf
Published: October 2021

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are essential communities of organisms in the Icelandic soil ecosystem, as they prevent erosion and cryoturbation and provide nutrients to vascular plants. However, biocrust microbial composition in Iceland remains understudied. To address this gap in knowledge, we applied high-throughput sequencing to study microbial community composition in biocrusts collected along an elevation gradient (11–157 m a.s.l.) stretching away perpendicular to the marine coast. Four groups of organisms were targeted: bacteria and cyanobacteria (16S rRNA gene), fungi (transcribed spacer region), and other eukaryotes (18S rRNA gene). The amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed the dominance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Within the cyanobacteria, filamentous forms from the orders Synechococcales and Oscillatoriales prevailed. Furthermore, fungi in the biocrusts were dominated by Ascomycota, while the majority of reads obtained from sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene belonged to Archaeplastida. In addition, microbial photoautotrophs isolated from the biocrusts were assigned to the cyanobacterial genera Phormidesmis, Microcoleus, Wilmottia, and Oscillatoria and to two microalgal phyla Chlorophyta and Charophyta. In general, the taxonomic diversity of microorganisms in the biocrusts increased following the elevation gradient and community composition differed among the sites, suggesting that microclimatic and soil parameters might shape biocrust microbiota.
PeaT1 and PeBC1 Microbial Protein Elicitors Enhanced Resistance against Myzus persicae Sulzer in Chili Capsicum annum L.
Authors: Javed Khadija , Humayun Talha , Humayun Ayesha , Wang Yong , Javed Humayun
Published: October 2021

The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer), a major and harmful chili aphid usually managed using chemical pesticides, is responsible for massive annual agricultural losses. The efficacy of two protein elicitors, PeaT1 and PeBC1, to stimulate a defensive response against M. persicae in chili was studied in this study. When compared to positive (water) and negative (buffer, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0) controls, the rates of population growth (intrinsic rate of increase) of M. persicae (second and third generations) were lower with PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chilli seedlings. M. persicae demonstrated a preference for colonizing control (12.18 ± 0.06) plants over PeaT1- (7.60 ± 0.11) and PeBC1 (6.82 ± 0.09) treated chilli seedlings in a host selection assay. Moreover, PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chilli seedlings, the nymphal development period of the M. persicae was extended. Similarly, fecundity was lowered in the PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chilli seedlings, with fewer offspring produced compared to the positive (water) and negative controls (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0). The trichomes and wax production on the PeaT1 and PeBC1-treated chilli leaves created a disadvantageous surface environment for M. persicae. Compared to control (30.17 ± 0.16 mm−2), PeaT1 (56.23 ± 0.42 mm−2) and PeBC1 (52.14 ± 0.34 mm−2) had more trichomes. The levels of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) were significantly higher in the PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chili seedlings, indicating considerable accumulation. PeaT1 and PeBC1 significantly affected the height of the chili plant and the surface structure of the leaves, reducing M. persicae reproduction and preventing colonization, according to the data. The activation of pathways was also part of the defensive response (JA, SA, and ET). This present research findings established an evidence of biocontrol for the utilization of PeaT1 and PeBC1 in the defence of chili plants against M. persicae.
Functional Characterisation of Bile Metagenome: Study of Metagenomic Dark Matter
Authors: Sabater Carlos , Molinero Natalia , Ferrer Manuel , Bernardo Carmen María García , Delgado Susana , Margolles Abelardo
Published: October 2021

Gallbladder metagenome involves a wide range of unidentified sequences comprising the so-called metagenomic dark matter. Therefore, this study aimed to characterise three gallbladder metagenomes and a fosmid library with an emphasis on metagenomic dark matter fraction. For this purpose, a novel data analysis strategy based on the combination of remote homology and molecular modelling has been proposed. According to the results obtained, several protein functional domains were annotated in the metagenomic dark matter fraction including acetyltransferases, outer membrane transporter proteins, membrane assembly factors, DNA repair and recombination proteins and response regulator phosphatases. In addition, one deacetylase involved in mycothiol biosynthesis was found in the metagenomic dark matter fraction of the fosmid library. This enzyme may exert a protective effect in Actinobacteria against bile components exposure, in agreement with the presence of multiple antibiotic and multidrug resistance genes. Potential mechanisms of action of this novel deacetylase were elucidated by molecular simulations, highlighting the role of histidine and aspartic acid residues. Computational pipelines presented in this work may be of special interest to discover novel microbial enzymes which had not been previously characterised.
The Effect of Geometric Road Conditions on Safety Performance of Abu Dhabi Road Intersections
Authors: Alghafli Abdulla , Mohamad Effendi , Ahmed Al Zaidy
Published: October 2021

Abu Dhabi’s government has taken several initiatives to improve the safety of the city’s highways, such as reducing traffic accident occurrence, red light violations, and property damage associated with traffic accidents. However, the intersections are still associated with many severe accidents, property damage associated with accidents, and red light violations. To help authorities pinpoint the major contributors to the deterioration of the safety performance of the signalized junctions, this study employed a negative binomial regression model to investigate the effect of geometric road conditions (in terms of the number of lanes of streets found in four-leg, three-leg, and different types of intersection) on property damage, red light violations, and severe accidents as safety performance indicators. The research found that, in both three-leg and four-leg intersections, most accidents and traffic light violations occur when minor streets pass through the intersection. This can be solved by converting these minor streets into major streets by increasing the number of lanes. This way, the capability of the minor street’s handling of increased traffic from the major streets significantly increases. The results also show that traffic speed is a major contributor to safety performance deterioration in these intersections. This can be solved by posting speed limits at these intersections. Results have also shown that, in Direction 1, when the main street passes through the intersection, the property damage type of accident is significantly high. This may be due to the presence of a potentially hazardous property or road design flaws on that side of the road. This effect needs further investigation to determine the hazardous property or the road design flaws causing these accidents.
Indoor Air Quality including Respiratory Viruses
Authors: López Antonio , Fuentes Esther , Yusà Vicent , López-Labrador F. , Camaró Marisa , Peris-Martinez Cristina , Llácer Martin , Ortolá Susana , Coscollà Clara
Published: October 2021

The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments is a cause of increasing concern. In this study, three sampling methodologies have been used in order to collect SARS-CoV-2 and 17 other respiratory viruses in indoor air, combined with a new analytical process to analyze respiratory viruses. Different areas of an ophthalmological hospital were investigated for the presence of these airborne viruses. Moreover, indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters (carbon dioxide, CO2; carbon monoxide, CO; nitrogen dioxide, NO2; volatile organic compounds, VOCs; formaldehyde, HCHO; and particulate matter, PM) have been examined to study the relationship between IAQ and airborne viruses. All indoor air and surface samples assessed were found to be negative for SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, another airborne respiratory virus (HRV/ENV) was detected, illustrating that the methodology set out here is a suitable one. Regarding the results for the IAQ, chemical parameters studied in the hall and waiting room of the hospital presented acceptable values. However, in the doctor′s consultation room VOCs and HCHO show some instantaneous levels higher than the recommended guide values. The methodological approach described in this paper, integrating conventional IAQ and the assessment of bioaerosols, can be used in research and control programs aimed at promoting a healthy indoor environment.
An Interval Process Method for Non-Random Uncertain Aeroelastic Analysis
Authors: Sotoudeh Zahra , Lyman Tyler , Montes Lucano Leslie , Urieva Natallia
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we use the Monte Carlo simulation to study aeroelastic behavior caused by non-random uncertain free-stream velocity. For sampling, we use the interval process method. Each family of samples is defined by a correlation function and upper and lower bounds. By using this sampling method, there is no need for constructing precise probability distribution functions; therefore, this method is suitable for practical engineering applications. We studied the aeroelastic behavior of an airfoil and a high aspect-ratio wing.
Challenges in Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles in Urban and Rural Areas
Authors: Gemassmer Jakob , Daam Carolin , Reibsch Ricardo
Published: October 2021

The ramp-up of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) could lead to severe grid issues but also enables flexibility. This paper provides a better understanding of the challenges and potentials of integrating BEVs in power grids. Three charging strategies were modelled on four use cases and six low-voltage grids for urban and rural areas. Especially in rural areas, where many cars charge at home overnight, the charging strategy significantly affects grid issues. Purely market-oriented strategies can lead to high load peaks and thus to transformer and line overloading, while even a relatively simple, balanced charging strategy can significantly reduce grid issues.
Extrabudgetary revenues of state veterinary institutions of the Irkutsk region from the provision of paid veterinary services
Authors: Yushkova L. Ya. , Balyberdin B. N. , Smolyaninov Yu. I. , Donchenko N. A. , Donchenko A. S.
Published: October 2021

The territory of the Irkutsk region is prosperous for especially dangerous animal diseases. Pricing in the field of paid veterinary services largely depends on regional features, including remuneration, conditions for animal husbandry, geographical location of the region, etc., as well as constantly changing tax obligations. All this requires scientific justification, development and constant improvement of regional prices for veterinary services, their adjustment and addition in connection with the emergence of new types of veterinary services. The legal regulation of paid veterinary services is regulated by an order of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation of October 30, 1991, which allows the implementation of these services in state veterinary institutions. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, in agreement with the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Russian Federation, approved on January 28, 1992 a list of paid and free veterinary services. The free veterinary services performed at the expense of the budget (vaccination, diagnosis, treatment) include measures for especially dangerous diseases of animals, birds, fish. The provision of paid veterinary services is regulated by the Rules for the provision of paid veterinary services, approved by Decree of the Government of Russia dated August 6, 1998 No. 898. Paid veterinary services are provided to productive and unproductive animals in farms and enterprises, regardless of the subordination and ownership of services.
Analysis of regional food production and consumption
Authors: Dusaev H. M. , Dusaeva A. Kh. , Kurmanova A. Kh.
Published: October 2021

The article provides a detailed analysis of the regional average per capita production and consumption of basic food products. Negative transformational changes and trends in the production and consumption of crop and livestock products in the Orenburg region are revealed. A set of measures for improving and increasing the production of agricultural products for food purposes, improving the consumption of food products by the population of the region, which are of practical importance for all regions of the Russian Federation, is proposed.
EFFECT OF THE CURING CONDITIONS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CITROGYPSUM-CONTAINING ALKALI-ACTIVATED BINDERS
Authors: Kozhuhova N. , Shurakov I. , Titenko A. , Alfimova N. , Zhernovskaya I. , Bukovcova A.
Published: October 2021

when hardening the binder system and it transforms into a consolidated conglomerate, the efficiency of the for-mation of the structural framework and the main operational characteristics of the final product dramatically de-pend on the thermal and humidity conditions of the environment medium, where the binder or raw material is con-solidated. In this study, various conditions of hardening of binders with alkaline activation of various composi-tions were studied. Based on the literature analysis, the following were chosen as the hardening conditions for the experimental alkali-activated systems: 1) - thermal drying, which was carried out in an oven at a temperature of 60°C for 24 hours; 2) hardening in ambient laboratory conditions, at a temperature of 23 ± 2°C, relative humidity - 33 ± 2%. An aqueous solution of alkali NaOH and salt Na2SiO3 were used as alkaline activators. The resulted data of the change in the average density showed that when using an alkaline activator, heat drying promotes the compaction of the hardened composite (typical for both types of the alkaline component) by 5 and 7 % for NaOH and Na2SiO3, respectively. The absence of alkaline activators in the experimental samples leads to decompaction of the structure after exposure to thermal drying and a decrease in the average density to 18%. The experimental results showed that thermal drying contributes to an increase in the strength parameters of experimental samples of an alkali-activated binder using Na2SiO3 to 110% (from 1.9 to 4 MPa). For the rest of the samples, a significant decrease in strength is observed (more than 2 times). A visual analysis of experimental samples of alkali-activated binders showed that the binders containing the addition of citrogypsum showed clear signs of efflorescence in the case of their hardening in ambient laboratory conditions. At the same time, for similar compositions from a series of samples hardened under thermal drying conditions, there is a complete absence of this phenomenon
Selected problems of prematurity and prematurely born child care
Authors: Tataj-Puzyna Urszula , Kondraciuk Karolina , Gotlib Joanna
Published: October 2021

The evolution of perinatology and the progress of advanced methods of prenatal diagnosis have contributed to the rise of frequency of birth and survival of newborns with very low birth weight, born before 32 weeks of pregnancy. A three-tier perinatology care system in Poland, an increasingly outstanding knowledge of neonatologists, and newer and more advanced equipment for critical care therapy, all provide growingly safer conditions for the life and development of prematurely born children. Prematurity is not only a problem of the preterm baby, but poses a challenge for the family, notably the mother, who must face the challenges of care of the preterm baby.  In this article, selected problems of prematurity and care of a preterm baby are presented. The most common causes of preterm birth incidence are reported. The mother’s situation after a preterm birth is defined. Based on the current literature, the profile of preterm babies and the EBM (Evidence-Based Medicine) paradigm, the rules for treatment and care for a preterm baby are presented.
Body image and self-esteem
Authors: Ziółkowska Beata
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Motherhood is an amazing experience for a woman. It turns out, however, that the joy of having a baby is often accompanied by a negative body image and, at the same time, a reduction in self-esteem.

Method: The study sample consisted of 60 puerperal women. A personal questionnaire was used to collect information related to pregnancy, family situation. The body image was verified with the Body Esteem Scale (BES), and the MSEI Multidimensional Self-Assessment Questionnaire was used to test the self-esteem. The research was conducted in the first three quarters of 2019 in Poland.

Results: 66.7% of the mothers surveyed gave birth without complications, 53.3% breastfed their babies. Among women for whom appearance is very important, the lowest weight gain was observed during pregnancy. The relationship between the body image in all its dimensions and the support obtained from relatives has been proven (p=0.001 to 0.036). It has been proved that the type of feeding the child has a significant relationship with the "weight control" subscale (F=3.03; p=0.04), and the "physical condition" with the assessment of the body before pregnancy (F=4.34; p=0.004). Women giving birth in natural conditions obtained significantly higher results in "competence" and "popularity". "Weight control" negatively correlates with the feeling of "being loved" (r=-0.47; p=0.001), but positively with "leadership abilities" (r=0.31; p=0.016) and with "vitality" (r=0.46, 0.001). Also "physical condition" negatively correlates with the feeling of "being loved" (r=-0.39; p=0.002) and "vitality" (r=-0.45; p=0.001) and "identity integration" (r=-0.31; p=0.018).

Conclusions: The examined women in the puerperium have a much worse image of their body compared to its subjective assessment before the pregnancy. Those of them who declared support from their relatives assessed their own bodies much more favorably. The type of child feeding in the study sample was significantly related to the body image of the mothers in the “weight control” subscale. In mothers who assessed their own body extremely (very good vs. very bad) before delivery, the greatest decrease in the sense of sexual attractiveness was shown.
IDENTIFIKASI HAMA PADA TANAMAN BUNGA ABADI (Xerochrysum bracteatum) DI DISTRIK KURULU KABUPATEN JAYAWIJAYA
Authors: Mahanani Anti Uni , Yikwa Erkius
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the pests found in the perennial flower plants. This research was carried out in the eternal flower garden (Xerochrysum bracteatum) Jayawijaya District in Kurulu District. The material used in this study was the perennial flower plant (Xerochrysum bracteatum). The equipment used is a digital camera, a knife blade, a small circle, and stationery. This research was carried out in the eternal flower garden in Kurulu District, Jayawijaya Regency. Next identified the type of pest. This study uses a research method that is direct observation of the research object. The object of research is directed at the population of perennial flower plants that have been planted by farmers in the Kurulu district of Jayawijaya Regency. Pests found in perennial flower plants in Kurulu District Jayawijaya Regency are: Pests Ladybugs (Helopeltis spp); Helopeltis antonii pest; Flower Fly Pests (Syrphus balteatus sp); Pseudosphinx tetrio (Linnaeus) caterpillar; Borer Etiella zinckenella; Rhinoceros Beetle Pests (Oryctes rhinoceros); Pests Taeniothrips simplex; The Ladybug Pug (Andrallus spinidens); Skin Beetle Pests (Dermestidae); Ladybug Pest Lygocoris spp; and Bees (Apis mellifera).Keywords: identification, pests, perennial flower plantsABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hama-hama yang terdapat di tanaman bunga abadi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di pertanaman Bunga Abadi (Xerochrysum bracteatum) Kabupaten Jayawijaya di Distrik Kurulu. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalalah tanaman bunga abadi atau yang disebut dengan Bunga Plastik (Xerochrysum bracteatum). Alat yang digunakan adalah kamera digital, pisau kater, lingkis kecil, dan alat tulis. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada pertanaman bunga abadi di Distri Kurulu Kabupaten Jayawijaya. Selanjutnya diidentifikasikan jenis hamanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yaitu pengamatan langsung terhadap obyek penelitian.  Objek penelitian diarahkan pada populasi tanaman bunga abadi yang telah ditanam oleh para petani di distrik Kurulu Kabupaten Jayawijaya. Hama-hama yang terdapat pada tanaman bunga plastik di Distrik Kurulu Kabupaten Jayawijaya adalah : Hama Kepik (Helopeltis spp); Hama Helopeltis antonii; Hama Lalat Bunga (Syrphus balteatus sp); Hama ulat Pseudosphinx tetrio (Linnaeus); Hama Penggerek Etiella zinckenella; Hama Kumbang Badak (Oryctes rhinoceros); Hama Taeniothrips simplex; Hama Kepik Lembing (Andrallus spinidens); Hama Kumbang Kulit (Dermestidae); Hama Kepik Lygocoris spp; dan  Lebah (Apis mellifera).Kata kunci : identifikasi, hama, tanaman bunga abadi
TEKNIK BUDIDAYA TANAMAN TOMAT CHERRY (Lycopersicum Cerasiformae Mill ) DI GAPOKTAN LEMBANG JAWA BARAT
Authors: Sari Nurnita , Murtilaksono Aditya
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTTomato is a type of vegetable that has several varieties, one of which is a type of tomato cerasiforme (Dun.) Alef. Known as cherry tomatoes which have the characteristics of small and round fruit. Lower tomato production in Indonesia instead of varieties that are not planted are suitable, technical culture is not good, and the conversion of agricultural functions that use agricultural land is increasingly limited. To approve the results of production and community needs for a good tomato plant then began to be asked to cherry tomato planting techniques in Gapoktan Lembang Agri. The research method began with processing, planting, maintenance, harvesting to post-harvest. The results of the Gapoktan Lembang Agri West Java research application of cultivation techniques of cherry tomato plants that produce quality cherry tomatoes are marketed overseas such as SingaporeKeywords : Tomato, West Java, Harvest, Post Harvest ABSTRAKTomat merupakan jenis sayuran buah yang memiliki beberapa jenis varietas salah satunya yaitu jenis varietas tomat  cerasiforme (Dun.) Alef.  Dikenal dengan tomat cherry yang memiliki ciri khas berbuah kecil dan bulat. Rendahnya produksi tomat di Indonesia diduga disebabkan varietas yang ditanam tidak cocok, kultur teknis yang kurang baik, serta alih fungsi lahan pertanian yang menyebabkan lahan pertanian semakin sempit. Untuk memenuhi hasil produksi dan kebutuhan masyarakat akan tanaman tomat yang baik maka mulai  dilakukannya penerapan teknik budidaya tomat cherry di Gapoktan Lembang Agri Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian yaitu mulai dengan melakukan pengolahan lahan, penanaman, pemeliharan, panen hingga pasca panen. Hasil penelitian Gapoktan Lembang Agri penerapan teknik budidaya tanaman tomat cherry yang baik menghasilkan tomat cherry yang berkualitas yang dipasarkan hingga ke luar negeri seperti SingapuraKata Kunci : Tomat, Jawa Barat, Panen, Pasca panen
PENGARUH MODEL STYROFOAM DAN SISTEM HIDROPONIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN PAKCOY (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Pudjiwati Eko Hary , Asmina Duta Delon
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Pakcoy's crop production and continuity are predicted to experience obstacles. The solution to overcome these problems is to apply the static hydroponic method. However, the condition of static hydroponic media solutions tends to experience saturation which will inhibit plant growth. This study aims to determine the effect of the modification of the styrofoam model and the hydroponic system on the condition of the static hydroponic media solution and to find out which treatment gives the best effect on growth, yield, and economic value. The results showed that the styrofoam model and the hydroponic system were able to influence the condition of the media solution on the parameters of dissolved oxygen content, pH, water volume and water level. S3H2 treatment provides the best pakcoy plant growth in the parameters of root volume, plant height, top wet weight, and underweight safe weight so that it can provide the best results. Based on the analysis of farming that has been done in five harvests, S1H2 treatment provides the best economic value with an R / C ratio of 1,52 and a B / C ratio of 0,52. Key words: hydroponics, hydroponic systems, media solutions, pakcoy, styrofoam models. ABSTRAK Produksi dan kontinuitas tanaman pakcoy diprediksi akan mengalami hambatan. Solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menerapkan metode hidroponik statis. Namun kondisi larutan media hidroponik statis cenderung mengalami kejenuhan yang akan menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh modifikasi model styrofoam dan sistem hidroponik terhadap kondisi larutan media hidroponik statis dan untuk mengetahui perlakuan mana yang memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, dan nilai ekonomis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model styrofoam dan sistem hidroponik mampu memengaruhi kondisi larutan media pada parameter kandungan oksigen terlarut, pH, volume air dan tinggi air. Perlakuan S3H2 memberikan pertumbuhan tanaman pakcoy terbaik pada parameter volume akar, tinggi tanaman, berat basah brangkas atas, dan berat basah brangkas bawah sehingga mampu memberikan hasil terbaik. Berdasarkan analisis usaha tani yang telah dilakukan dalam lima kali panen, perlakuan S1H2 memberikan nilai ekonomis terbaik dengan nilai R/C ratio 1,52 dan B/C ratio 0,52. Kata kunci: hidroponik, larutan media, model styrofoam, pakcoy, sistem hidroponik.
PENGGUNAAN 2,4-D UNTUK INDUKSI KALUS KLON KAKAO UNGGUL SULAWESI 1
Authors: Rasud Yulianti , Habil Moh. , Tony Tony
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT The multiplication of cocoa clones in conventional Sulawesi has not yet been able to fulfill the demand for large quantities of seeds because it is limited by the number of shoots and branches ready to be tapped, connected and oculated and takes longer to produce large quantities of seeds. One alternative in overcoming this problem is plant proragation using tussue culture techniques.  The aim of this experiment was to determine the appropriate of 2,4-D for callus induction of superior cocoa clones Sulawesi via in vitro culture.  This experiment used Completely Randomized Design with five treatments, namely 0.50 ppm 2,4-D, 0.75 ppm 2,4-D, 1.00 ppm 2,4-D, 1.25 ppm 2,4-D and 1.50 ppm 2,4-D.  Parameters observed consisted of the time, percentage, color and texture of calli.  Data was analized by using analysis of variance and differences between mean treatments were determined by Honestly Significant Difference Test at 5% level.  Results of this experiment indicated that the ability of different callus induction at various concentrations of 2,4-D for superior cocoa clones in Sulawesi 1 was tried.  it was obtained the quickest callus formation at concentration 0.50ppm 2,4-D namely average 4.22 WAC with the percentage of callus formation was up to 99,33%. Keywords: Callus Induction, Clones Sulawesi 1, 2,4-D ABSTRAK Perbanyakan klon kakao Sulawesi secara konvensional saat ini belum dapat memenuhi permintaan bibit dalam jumlah besar karena sangat dibatasi oleh jumlah tunas dan cabang yang siap disetek, disambung, dan diokulasi serta dibutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama untuk menghasilkan bibit dalam jumlah besar. Salah satu alternatif dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah perbanyakan tanaman dengan menggunakan teknik kultur jaringan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh protokol yang tepat dalam menginduksi kalus sebagai upaya awal dalam perbanyakan tanaman kakao melalui embryogenesis. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 level perlakuan yaitu 0,50 ppm 2,4-D, 0,75 ppm 2,4-D, 1,00 ppm 2,4-D, 1,25 ppm 2,4-D dan 1,50 ppm 2,4-D. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap saat muncul kalus, persentase eksplan berkalus, warna kalus dan tekstur kalus.  Data diolah dengan analisis ragam dan perbedaan antar perlakuan ditentukan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan induksi kalus berbeda pada berbagai konsentrasi 2,4-D untuk klon kakao unggul Sulawesi 1 yang dicobakan. Saat muncul kalus paling cepat diperoleh pada konsentrasi 0,5 ppm 2,4-D yaitu rata-rata 16,67 HST dengan persentase pembentukan kalus tertinggi mencapai 99,33%.  Selanjutnya, warna dan tekstur kalus yang dihasilkan yaitu remah putih dan remah kecoklatan. Kata Kunci: Induksi Kalus, Klon Sulawesi 1, 2,4-D.
STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PERAN MASYARAKAT DALAM MELESTARIKAN EKOWISATA MANGROVE DAN BEKANTAN DI KELURAHAN KARANG REJO TARAKAN BARAT
Authors: Arbain Muhammad , Chairiyah Nurul
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTMangrove ecosystems have an important role in sustainable development both ecologically, economically andsocially. Today, mangrove forests as ecotourism are much in demand by local and foreign communities as a naturetourism trip with the aim of enjoying and studying the natural ecosystems and socio-cultural local communities.This study aims to find out and formulate strategies to increase the role of the community in preserving mangroveand bekantan ecotourism in Karang Rejo village, West Tarakan. The method used is descriptive qualitative datacollection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis used is theSWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats). The results of the study found strategies toincrease the role of the community in preserving local wisdom of mangrove ecotourism that can be used are: (1)Revitalizing infrastructure facilities of mangrove and bekantan ecotourism to be more productive and attractive;(2) Providing soft skills training to the community regarding the use of mangrove forests; (3) Promoting mangroveand bekantan ecotourism through social and elektronic media; (4) Cooperating with all stakeholders in supportingthe preservation of mangrove forests, and; (5) Developing local handicraft products industry with make somesouvenir, food, and medicines from mangrove raw materials.Keyword: Strategy, Community Role, Ecotourism, Mangroves and BekantanABSTRAKEkosistem mangrove mempunyai peranan penting dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan baik secara ekologis,ekonomis, maupun sosial. Hutan mangrove sebagai ekowisata dewasa ini banyak diminati oleh masyarakat lokalmaupun mancanegara sebagai sebuah perjalanan wisata alam dengan tujuan menikmati dan mempelajariekosistem alam dan sosial budaya masyarakat lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan merumuskanstrategi peningkatan peran masyarakat dalam melestarikan ekowisata mangrove dan bekantan di kelurahan KarangRejo Tarakan Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupaobservasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis SWOT(Strenght,Weakness, Opportunity, dan Threats). Hasil penelitian ditemukan strategi peningkatan peranmasyarakat dalam melestarikan kearifan lokal ekowisata mangrove yang dapat dilakukan adalah: (1) RevitalisasiSarana Prasarana (Sanpras) ekowisata mangrove dan bekantan agar lebih produktif dan menarik; (2) Melakukanpelatihan soft skill kepada masyarakat tentang pemanfaatan hutan mangrove; (3) Melakukan promosi ekowisatamangrove dan bekantan melalui media cetak maupun media elektronik; (4) Melakukan kerjasama dengan seluruhstakeholder dalam mendukung pelestarian hutan mangrove, dan; (5) Mengembangkan industri produk kerajinanlokal masyarakat seperti sovenir, makanan, dan obat-obatan dari bahan baku mangrove.Kata kunci: Strategi, Peran Masyarakat, Ekowisata, Mangrove dan Bekantan
Pengaruh Lama Pemakaian Sediaan Kosmetik Bedak Padat Terhadap Cemaran Mikroba
Authors: Munira Munira , Fardilla Cut , Zakiah Noni , Rasidah Rasidah , Nasir Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Bedak adalah salah satu sediaan kosmetik yang dipakai dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Bedak yang digunakan akan terjadi kontaminasi bahkan semakin meningkat seiring dengan lamanya pemakaian. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi antara lain penyimpanan, lingkungan, dan spons bedak. Penggunaan spons bedak merupakan salah satu sumber cemaran bakteri. Di mana penggunaan spons yang sama secara berulang-ulang dan bersentuhan langsung pada kulit dapat meningkatkan jumlah mikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh lamanya penyimpanan, pemakaian suatu sediaan kosmetik bedak padat terhadap tingkat cemaran mikroba. Sampel yang diuji adalah bedak padat yang belum dipakai dan yang telah dipakai selama 2 minggu. Hasil penelitian berupa jumlah cemaran bakteri (ALT) dibandingkan dengan syarat menurut Peraturan Kepala Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan RI No.HK.03.1.23.07.11.6662 Tahun 2011 yaitu tidak boleh melebihi 103 koloni/g. Hasil uji cemaran bakteripada sediaan bedak padat sebelum pemakaian mempunyai nilai rata-rata ALT 2,6 x 101koloni/g dan sesudah pemakaian mempunyai nilai rata-rata ALT 9,2 x 101 koloni/g. Nilai ALT yang diperoleh dari masing-masing sediaan kosmetik bedak padat telah memenuhi syarat.Hasil uji t dependen menunjukkan adanya perbedaan jumlah bakteri pada bedak padat sebelum dipakai dengan setelah dipakai selama 2 minggu (t = 0.000). Kata Kunci: Kosmetik, bedak padat, Angka Lempeng Total ABSTRACTPowder is one of the cosmetic preparations used for a long time. Powder that is used will occur contamination even increasing along with the length of usage. This can be caused by several factors including storage, environment, powder sponges and others. The use of powder sponges is one source of bacterial contamination. Where the use of the same sponge repeatedly and in direct contact with the skin can increase the number of microbes. The objective of study was to determine the effect of the duration of use of a compact powder cosmetic preparation on the level of microbial contamination. The samples tested were solid powder that has not been used and that has been used for 2 weeks. The results of the study were the Total Plate Count (TPC) compared to the Regulation of the Head of the Republic of Indonesia Drug and Food Control Number HK.03.1.23.07.11.6662 of 2011 concerning the Requirements for Microbial Pollution and Heavy Metals in Cosmetics which should not exceed 103 colonies / g. The test results of bacterial contamination on solid powder preparations before use have an average value of ALT 2,6 x 101 colony / g and after use have an average ALT value of 9.2 x 101 colony / g. The ALT value obtained from each compact powder cosmetic preparation has met the requirements. The results of the dependent t test showed a difference in the number of bacteria on solid powder before use with after being used for 2 weeks (t = 0.000). Keywords: Cosmetics, Compact Powder, Total Plate Count
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Etanol dan Konsentrasi Ekstrak Bunga Mawar Merah (Rosa hybrida Hora Syn damascena Mill.) terhadap Nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF)
Authors: Nugraheni Bekti , Rininingsih Uning , Swandari Mika Tri Kumala
Published: October 2021

Bunga mawar merah memiliki kandungan antosianin dan antioksidan yang dapat mencegah kerusakan sel akibat paparan sinar UV. Salah satunya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tabir surya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi etanol dan konsentrasi ekstrak bunga mawar merah (Rosa hybrida Hora Syn damascena Mill.) terhadap nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF) secara spektrofotometri UV. Ekstrak etanol bunga mawar merah diperoleh dengan metode refluks menggunakan pelarut etanol dengan konsentrasi yaitu 50%, 70%, dan 96%. Konsentrasi ekstrak bunga mawar merah yang digunakan adalah 40, 60, 80, 100, dan 120 ppm, dilarutkan menggunakan aquadest, kemudian dilakukan penentuan nilai SPF. Hasil nilai SPF ekstrak bunga mawar merah dengan etanol 50% berturut-turut adalah 2,46, 3,59, 4,77, 6,22, dan 7,12. Nilai SPF ekstrak bunga mawar merah dengan  etanol 70% adalah 2,29, 3,48, 4,58, 5,76, dan 6,83 dan nilai SPF yang diekstrak dengan konsentrasi etanol 96% adalah 2,10, 3,13, 4,16, 5,22, dan 6,20. Hasil analisis statistika menggunakan uji Kruskall Wallis menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh nilai SPF bunga mawar merah yang diekstraksi dengan etanol 50%, 70%, maupun 96%, tetapi ada pengaruh antar konsentrasi ekstrak dan kelompok terhadap nilai SPF yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai signifikasi lebih kecil dari 0,05. Red roses contain anthocyanins and antioxidants that can damage cells due to UV rays.  One of them can be used as a sunscreen.  This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol and the concentration of red rose flower extract (Rosa hybrida Hora Syn damascena Mill.) On the value of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) by UV spectrophotometry.  The ethanol extract of red rose flowers was obtained by reflux method using ethanol with concentrations of 50%, 70%, and 96%.  The concentrations of the red rose extract used were 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 ppm, dissolved using aquadest, then the SPF value was determined.  The results of the SPF value of the red rose flower extract with 50% ethanol were 2.46, 3.59, 4.77, 6.22, and 7.12, respectively.  The SPF values of the red rose flower extract with 70% ethanol were 2.29, 3.48, 4.58, 5.76, and 6.83 and the SPF values extracted with a 96% ethanol concentration were 2.10, 3.13,  4.16, 5.22, and 6.20.  The results of statistical analysis using the Kruskall Wallis test showed that there was no effect on the SPF value of red roses extracted with ethanol 50%, 70%, or 96%, but there was an effect between the concentration of the extract and the group on the SPF value indicated by a significance value smaller than 0.05.
Aktivitas Imunomodulator dan Kandungan Fenol Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var.Rubrum)
Authors: Luhurningtyas Fania Putri , Susilo Jatmiko , Yuswantina Richa , Widhihastuti Erma , Ardiyansah Firman Wahyu
Published: October 2021

Rimpang jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var.Rubrum) terbukti mempengaruhi sel imun dengan menurunkan level TNF-α dan IFN-Ɣ pada kelompok perlakuan. Adanya senyawa pengotor pada ekstrak seperti lemak, resin, gula, serat, pati dapat menyebabkan penurunan aktivitas pada uji farmakologis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh purifikasi ekstrak rimpang jahe merah terhadap aktivitas imunomodulator dan kandungan fenolnya. Penarikan metabolit sekunder pada rimpang jahe merah menggunakan maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Purifikasi ekstrak dilakukan dengan cara partisi, dimurnikan dengan pelarut n-heksana. Penentuan kandungan fenol diuji menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu. Metode bersihan karbon pada hewan coba bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas imunomodulator berdasarkan nilai konstanta fagositosis. Hasil pengujian kadar fenol total ekstrak kasar jahe merah sebesar 338,567 mg GAE/g sampel dan ekstrak purifikasi n-heksana sebesar 862,883 mg GAE/g sampel. Aktivitas imunomodulator ekstrak purifikasi jahe merah tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok kontrol positif Phyllanthus niruri (p>0,05). Hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa ekstrak terpurifikasi rimpang jahe merah memberikan hasil yang signifikan baik kadar fenol maupun aktivitas imumodulator dibandingkan sediaan ekstrak kasarnya.Red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var.Rubrum) was shown to affect immune cells by reducing TNF-α and IFN-Ɣ levels in the treatment group. The presence of impurities in extracts such as fat, resin, sugar, fiber, starch can cause a decrease in activity in pharmacological tests. This study was conducted to determine the effect of purification of red ginger rhizome extract on immunomodulatory activity and phenol content. Withdrawal of secondary metabolites from red ginger rhizome used maceration with 96% ethanol solvent. Extract purification was carried out by partitioning, purified with n-hexane solvent. Determination of phenol content was tested using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The method of carbon clearance in animals aims to determine the immunomodulatory activity based on the value of the phagocytosis constant. The total phenol content of the crude extract of red ginger was 338.567 mg GAE / g sample and purified extract of n-hexane was 862.883 mg GAE / g sample. The immunomodulatory activity of the purified red ginger extract was no meaningful difference between with the positive control group of Phyllanthus niruri (p>0,05). The test results showed that the purified extract of red ginger rhizome gave significant results in both phenol content and immunomodulatory activity compared to the crude extract preparation