bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Return to the Obvious
Authors: Alloa Emmanuel
Published: January 2018

Merleau-Ponty’s understanding of phenomenology is that of a return to the obvious: as that which is deemed trivial and therefore escapes reflection. Merleau-Ponty’s ethical imperative – learning to see anew what one habitually overlooks – has to be applied to his own philosophy, which has become too ‘obvious’ today.
Subchapters: The Science of the Obvious. Adversity: What is in the Way. How to read Merleau-Ponty?
Forming Spiritual Fuṣaḥāʾ
Authors: Longo F. Dominic
Published: January 2018

This chapter explains how to read Qushayrī’s Grammar of Hearts through providing a textual analysis of 20 of the 60 sections in the text, including background ideas necessary for understanding this “spiritual grammar.” Qushayrī, like Gerson, takes as his starting point an assumption of his reader’s familiarity with Arabic grammar. As such, he does not dwell on linguistic niceties or details, for they are not his concern. He rather invokes grammatical terms, concepts, and phenomena familiar to his reader in order to proceed to spiritual matters. Like the foundational grammatical text of the Arabic linguistic tradition, Sībawayhi’s famous Kitāb, Qushayrī’s Grammar of Hearts combines prescriptive and descriptive grammar for the purpose of developing Sufi “grammatical competence” among his readers. Ever the shaykh in both the pedagogical and spiritual dimensions, Qushayrī is a “spiritual faṣīḥ” and wants his students to become similarly adept in the grammar of ultimate reality.
Descartes
Authors: Marion Jean-Luc
Published: January 2018

This chapter explains the background of Marion’s work on Descartes and his interest in this philosopher. It outlines and summarizes the main arguments of all of his writings on Descartes, including the role of the important Cartesian notion of the creation of the eternal truths. Marion explains in what way Descartes’ system can be considered metaphysical and the relevance of onto-theo-logy for evaluating its metaphysical status. He also gives a brief preview of his most recent book on Descartes and provides an account of the history of the Center for Cartesian Studies in Paris. Marion shows throughout the importance of Descartes’ philosophical work and sets him in the context of other thinkers, such as Suarez, Vasquez, and Pascal.
Phenomenology
Authors: Marion Jean-Luc
Published: January 2018

This chapter provides an introduction to and summary of all of Marion’s phenomenological work. It also gives an account of why he turned to phenomenology in the first place and what role he considers it to play philosophically. Marion explains the notion of the phenomenological reduction and the importance of the category of givenness. He responds to some of the common objections to his work (including those of Derrida and Ricoeur). He summarizes the notion of the gift and its phenomenological significance. The chapter presents the implications of a phenomenology of givenness for a notion of the self as recipient of the phenomenon. Marion also reviews the notion of the saturated phenomenon and unfolds its implications. He discusses his relation to the thought of Levinas, Henry, Lacan, and Heidegger.
Kant on the Frontier
Authors: Bennington Geoffrey
Published: January 2018

Frontier: the border between two countries; the limits of civilization; the bounds of established knowledge; a new field of activity. At a time when all frontiers (borders, boundaries, margins, limits) are being—often violently—challenged, erased or reinforced, it might be a matter of urgency to take up and rethink the very concept of frontier itself. But is there even such a concept, to be found or constructed? That is what this book begins to cast into doubt, on the basis of a reading of Kant, for whom the frontier turns out to be both the very element of his thought and the permanent frustration of his conceptuality. Following what Kant himself would call this “guiding thread,” first in the “political” writings and then in the still little-read “Critique of teleological judgment,” I try to bring out a complex, abyssal, fractal structure, which always leaves a residue of nature—violence—in every frontier (including conceptual frontiers), and which complicates Kant’s most explicit, most rational arguments (which always tend towards cosmopolitanism and so-called perpetual peace) by adding to them an element of reticence or interruption. As it turns out that there can be perpetual peace only in death, we must interrupt the teleological movement that always might take us there, we must maintain some frontiers (and therefore a certain violence) in the very place where everything led us to believe that we should hope for their pacific disappearance, if only in the infinite perspective of the Idea of Reason. Neither critique of Kant nor return to Kant, this book also proposes a new reflection on philosophical reading, for which thinking the frontier is both an essential resource and the recurrent, fruitful, interruption.
Rest in Peace
Authors: Bennington Geoffrey
Published: January 2018

“Perpetual peace” proposes a number of confusing arguments about the disappearance of frontiers in cosmopolitanism and their necessary maintenance in internationalism. Given pervasive images of death in the text, it transpires that the chance of perpetual peace depends on its not being perpetual (which would be death), and thus always involving a hesitation or interruption that involves an element of radical evil. This also affects our understanding of the relation between critique and doctrine in Kant’s thinking more generally.
The Abyss of Judgment
Authors: Bennington Geoffrey
Published: January 2018

Judgment would be the faculty of the frontier. A detailed reading of the introduction to the Critique of Judgment and of the Critique of Teleological Judgment shows Kant developing a radically subjective thought of natural purposiveness that must take precedence over the scientific or objective investigation of nature. This thought necessarily leads, however, beyond nature to theological questions. Kant’s effort to think these through and thus to throw a bridge over the abyss (a radical figure of what we have been calling “frontier”) between the legislations of theoretical and practical reason is shown to founder on the structure of teleology itself, which, as was already suggested in the strictly political writings, necessarily involves a moment of hesitation or interruption that essentially cuts teleology from its telos, and that just is the structure of the frontier as we have been following it from the beginning.
Like a Butterfly Stirring within a Chrysalis
Authors: Holt Elizabeth M.
Published: January 2018

Finance infiltrated fiction, just as fiction enabled readers of the early 1870s Arabic press to apprehend the dangerous and deceptive fictitiousness underwriting a financialized society. With the rise of a credit economy in Beirut, transactions textualized in the form of ledgers, receipts, checks, promissory notes, and mortgages were securing the economy, but the very immateriality of these exchanges introduced a new kind of risk and uncertainty. Fiction loomed within finance and threatened dreams of progress; speculating in Arabic became the province of novelists and financiers alike. Merchants and brokers became stock protagonists of novels by Salīm al-Bustānī and Yūsuf al- Shalfūn. Enabled by the telegraph, a new kind of speed emerged: merchants and traders relied on the press for the latest shipping news and commodity prices; a single year’s silk harvests could make or break fortunes; and imported fashions changed so fast, as one printed anecdote had it, that a wife’s hat could go out of style before her husband even made it home from the shop. Ultimately, a sense of anxiety pervaded a Beirut reading public increasingly worried about the costs of keeping pace with the flows and imbalances of a global order of finance capital.
Of Literary Supplements, Second Editions, and the Lottery
Authors: Holt Elizabeth M.
Published: January 2018

While Zaydān serialized novels in early issues of Al-Hilāl, which began publishing in Cairo in September 1892, the novel installments staged a gradual migration, from the center of each issue, to the end of the issue, later to become a stand- alone supplement that could be bound as a book at year-end. In later reprints of back issues of the early years of Al-Hilāl -- offered in Zaydān’s time as bound volumes, and comprising the majority of library archives today -- Zaydān’s novels are nowhere to be found. While many a scholar of Arabic literature has been left befuddled by this archive’s early literary poverty, this chapter argues that by carefully attending to these palimpsestic traces of serialization, a history of the Arabic novel comes into view: these early editions reveal to us the historical moment of which they were a product, bearing the mark of a contingent mode of speculation, and of the threatening porosity of fiction and finance.
It Was Cotton Money Now
Authors: Holt Elizabeth M.
Published: January 2018

Yaʿqūb Ṣarrūf’s first foray in the novel genre, Fatāt Miṣr (The Girl of Egypt) was serialized as a literary supplement to Al-Muqtaṭaf over the course of 1905. A tale of finance capital’s restless wandering in Egyptian cotton fields, Cairo apartment buildings, Japanese war bonds, and the stock markets of the world -- from London, to St. Petersburg, Tokyo and back to Cairo --, Fatāt Miṣr met with critical praise upon its initial publication. Soon forgotten, the novel has been left unread by Arabic literary critics, despite the prescient augury it held for how a culture of speculation in Arabic would culminate in Egypt less than two years later in the stock and real estate crash of 1907. Indeed, the plot of Fatāt Miṣr owes much to Ṣarrūf’s own personal financial speculation in Egyptian land.
Introduction
Authors: Holt Elizabeth M.
Published: January 2018

Fictitious Capital is a book that looks to the history of the Arabic novel and reads an untold tale of finance that precedes the familiar narrative of the nation. Beginning in 1859, Khalīl al-Khūrī serializes a novel in his official newspaper Ḥadīqat al-Akhbār. Like many an Arabic novel to come, al-Khūrī’s readers find themselves dreaming of gardens set apart from the rush of the industrializing world, and at the same time, of a future of “material and literary progress.” Textiles are central to this alchemical dream, hinged to the fate of the silkworm, caught between the collapsing Ottoman Empire and the rise of the French in the affairs of Mt. Lebanon. Reading the silkmoth’s serial reapperances in the turn-of-the-century Arabic press and in theories of capital, Novel Material argues that finance capital and its fictions were reconfiguring time itself in an age of hope, fear and speculation.
Genealogy of the Cerebral Subject
Authors: Vidal Fernando , Ortega Francisco
Published: January 2018

The first chapter proposes to trace the distant roots of the cerebral subject to the late seventeenth century, and particularly to debates about the seat of the soul, the corpuscularian theory of matter, and John Locke’s philosophy of personal identity. In the wake of Locke, eighteenth century authors began to assert that the brain is the only part of the body we need to be ourselves. In the nineteenth century, this form of deterministic essentialism contributed to motivate research into brain structure and function, and in turn confirmed the brain-personhood nexus. Since then, from phrenology to functional neuroimaging, neuroscientific knowledge and representations have constituted a powerful support for prescriptive outlooks on the individual and society. “Neuroascesis,” as we call the business that sells programs of cerebral self-discipline, is a case in point, which this chapter also examines. It appeals to the brain and neuroscience as bases for its self-help recipes to enhance memory and reasoning, fight depression, anxiety and compulsions, improve sexual performance, achieve happiness, and even establish a direct contact with God. Yet underneath the neuro surface lie beliefs and even concrete instructions that can be traced to nineteenth-century hygiene manuals.
Undocumented and in College
Authors: Jones Terry-Ann
Published: January 2018

The current daily experiences of undocumented students as they navigate the processes of entering and then thriving in Jesuit colleges are explored in this book alongside an investigation of the knowledge and attitudes among staff and faculty about undocumented students in their midst, and the institutional response to their presence. Cutting across the fields of U.S. immigration policy, theory and history, religion, law, and education, this book delineates the historical and present-day contexts of immigration, including the role of religious institutions. This unique volume, based on an extensive two-year study (2010–12) of undocumented students at Jesuit colleges in the United States, incorporates survey research and in-depth interviews to present the perspectives of students, staff, and the institutions.
Theoretical and Conceptual Considerations for the Study of Undocumented College Students
Authors: Jones Terry-Ann
Published: January 2018

This chapter reviews the major theoretical approaches to international migration and considers their use as a tool to explain the dynamics surrounding the migration processes, meanings of citizenship, race/ethnicity, racism, stigmatization, and other challenges that undocumented youth encounter in interacting with institutions, particularly in their pursuit of a tertiary-level education. It argues that undocumented students—or undocumented youth more generally—may not necessarily fit the parameters that these models of international migration suggest, given that most of them arrived as children when the decision was not theirs. However, these models serve as explanatory tools to improve the understanding of the circumstances that motivate parents to migrate with children but without the legal status that would afford them the opportunity to live full, free lives without fear of deportation and with access to education, employment, and other basic privileges such as driving and travelling.
Immigration, Jesuit Higher Education, and the Undocumented
Authors: Schlichting Kurt
Published: January 2018

This chapter traces the history of migration to the United States starting in the 1500s, and discusses the role of religious institutions, including Jesuit colleges starting in the early 1800s, in providing for the needs of recent immigrants. Throughout American history, immigrants have arrived in “waves,” leaving their homelands and undertaking the arduous journey to the promised land. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the journey involved a long voyage across the oceans in frail wooden ships, navigated by the sun and stars. Today the voyage may be by foot through the Americas or on a crowded jet airplane, but the challenge remains: to venture and then adjust to a new life in a new world. At Jesuit campuses, the undocumented immigrants follow in the footsteps of generations of immigrants and their children from various European countries. These new immigrants believe that a Jesuit education is the key to achieving their American dream and the dreams of their parents.
Becoming Allies in Eradicating Long-Standing Legal Barriers
Authors: Siscar Ana Nobleza , Yoo Sahng-Ah
Published: January 2018

This chapter provides a streamlined account of the laws and policies most relevant to undocumented students in higher education. It begins by first contextualizing the legal discussion on educational institutions within a social justice framework, before describing the legal landscape of the education of undocumented students from K–16 (Kindergarten through College). It explores two specific legal policies that have greatly affected how undocumented students experience higher education: the 1996 Omnibus Immigration Laws and the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). It then considers future trends of the legal landscape. It proposes that universities have a role to play in paving a just and compassionate path to undocumented students' access and success in higher education, with or without comprehensive immigration reform. The chapter concludes by posing a challenge to universities—how do your (in)actions on this issue define the ideals of a democratic society and an educational institution committed to social justice?
Conclusion
Authors: Nichols Laura , Jones Terry-Ann
Published: January 2018

This concluding chapter addresses some of the questions that were raised throughout the project, and discusses the implications of the research findings for future undocumented students, higher education institutions, and U.S. policy. The overarching conclusions that the authors drew from listening to students are that students struggle primarily with emotional stress related to their undocumented status, fear that they or their family members will be deported, the financial burden of attending college, and uncertainty regarding their futures. These forms of stress distinguish their college experiences from those of their peers who, despite having their own concerns, are more likely to have access to resources such as financial aid, medical insurance, or other basic privileges such as driving legally or having access to government-issued forms of identification.
Vegetal Life and Onto-Sympathy
Authors: Bennett Jane
Published: January 2018

Jane Bennett attends to the spectrum of “Vegetal Life and Onto-Sympathy.” Making a move startlingly congruent with Barad’s other-than-human “feeling-with,” Bennett calls her version “onto-sympathy.” Tailing Darwin, Bergson, and particularly Thoreau in their adventures into the nonhuman, she magnifies the latter’s insight that “the vegetality of humans and the vegetality of plants can somehow communicate.
Interdisciplinary Ethics: From Astro-Theology to Cosmo-Liberation Theology
Authors: Walker Theodore
Published: January 2018

Here early modern “Astro-Theology” (William Derham 1715) is revised to produce a constructive postmodern astro-theology. This revisionary astro-theology includes a panentheistic theology and cosmology, plus a metaphysical realism essential to meeting the ethical challenge of realism (Reinhold Niebuhr 1932). Recognizing that Christian ethics is reality-based can be liberating. Hence, a revisionary astro-theology can be righty described as an astro-liberation theology, or better, as a cosmo-liberation theology.
Stubborn Materiality: African American Religious Naturalism and Becoming Our Humanity
Authors: White Carol Wayne
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes the emergence of an African-American religious naturalism that has affinities with theoretical developments offering new materialist views of the human. It proposes a humanistic discourse that resists both problematic forms of anthropocentricism implicit in modern humanism and questionable racial differentials reinforced by Enlightenment ideals. The chapter introduces scientific theories advanced by the tenets of religious naturalism that help to envision humanity as a specific life form, or as nature made aware of itself. With the concept of sacred humanity, it explores humans as sacred centers of value and distinct movements of nature itself where deep relationality and interconnectedness become key metaphors for understanding what constitutes our processes of becoming human. This naturalistic view of humanity is set within the context of African-American culture and history to underscore the conceptual richness of the liberationist motif within black religiosity and to celebrate its enduring legacy.
Introduction
Authors: Keller Catherine
Published: January 2018

This book deals with intercarnation, which emphasizes the intermittencies, intervals, and interdependencies of world relations. The intercarnation here holds the doctrine of the incarnation accountable to the messianic mattering of all flesh. The essays in this book all do some version of entangled difference: Indeed, the phrase may be considered a paraphrase of intercarnation. With theology itself, as the formalized discourse of the Western religions, in question among most thinking people, difference cannot be appeased by various feminist or materialist or ecumenical supplements. Some of the essays of this volume consider the legacy of feminist theology, which has destabilized the foundations of theology and inserted itself into any live future of theology, while others examine a planetary politics for a theology in search of its future. Topics range from transfeminist entanglements and materialism to theopoetics, messianic indeterminacy, postcoloniality and process cosmology, and a political theology of the earth.
“And Truth—So Manifold!”: Transfeminist Entanglements
Authors: Keller Catherine
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the sense of transit, transition, and translation involved in the nonlinear and necessary evolution of feminism under the heading of transfeminism. More specifically, it explores the link between entanglement and difference. As difference multiplies, the tension intensifies. And as gender folds into sexuality, into race, class, and ecology, into materiality, it resists reduction to a mere issue among many. Inspired by a poem of Emily Dickinson, “Truth so manifold,” the chapter hopes to keep feminism from getting either transcended or stuck in a certainty of its own. In discussing a transfeminist version of feminist theology, it outlines three criteria: entanglement, considered as relationality stretched from intimacy to infinity; unknowing, considered as apophatic uncertainty stretched from ignorance to wisdom; and multiplicity, considered as the teaching of the manifold, stretched from orthodoxy into pluralism.
Nuda Veritas: Iconoclash and Incarnation
Authors: Keller Catherine
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on a major exhibition at the Leopold Museum in Vienna, subtitled “Klimt, Schiele, Kokoschka and Other Scandals.” The exhibition includes Nuda Veritas, a painting by Gustav Klimt, featuring a naked female figure whose gilded gaze—citing in all irony the icons of Byzantium—is sophic, knowing, grounded in a shameless sexuality. To honor matter, iconoclasm is never enough. And such honor is what John of Damascus directed, against an imperial iconoclasm, to the incarnation, “the matter which works my salvation.” From the Renaissance on, formalized conventions of nudity had overcome the modestly clad figures of medieval art—but ever in the service of allegory. Now emerges this painterly revelation, referred to as realism, that revels in the truth of the flesh itself. The chapter also considers another exhibition, Bruno Latour's Iconoclash.
Confessing Monica: Reading Augustine Reading His Mother
Authors: Keller Catherine
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on Augustine's reading of his postmortem mother, Monica. Monica is among the guilty pleasures enjoyed by the author of the Confessions. In Augustine's tears for her, she morphs into the oceanic deep, tehom, of Genesis, the “something-nothing” or fluency itself. His deconstruction of the (Augustinian) master narrative of the creation of matter from nothing at all seems to open up as the womb of all bodies. For a churning moment, a de-oedipalized respect for Monica stirs the “multiplying matrix” of an alternative. The chapter shows how Augustine hovers agonizingly at the brink of a theology of “becoming” that is also a “becoming-theology,” evading the static doctrinalism to which he elsewhere more wholeheartedly succumbs. It also considers the theological potentialities of the Augustinian Wisdom Mother.
Messianic Indeterminacy: A Comparative Study
Authors: Keller Catherine
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines comparative theology within the context of the Abrahamic rhizome as inseparable from political theology. The darkness of the messianic anointing is no more that of its frequent destructiveness than of its unknowable indeterminacy. Freed of any certain outcome or homecoming, the messianic hope breaks open a temporality of collective becoming. As messianic indeterminacy thereby darkens into “the nonknowing of a not-ending noone, the naught of our now entangles us indirectly in everyone—without untangling us from the direct demands of some one tradition.” The chapter suggests that the Jewish/Christian linkage of comparative messianism—as an acutely nonseparable difference—is closely intertwined with political theology. It also argues that one cannot speak of the relation of apophasis to apokalypsis except as a manifestation of the connection between mysticism and messianism.
Toward a Political Theology of the Earth
Authors: Keller Catherine
Published: January 2018

This chapter considers incongruent temporalities in the form of a political theology of the earth. Political theology can rarely be mistaken for ecotheology. At least in its guise as political theory, it leaves concern for the matter of the earth to ecological science, activism, and religion. Key to political theology has been its readings of the German legal theorist Carl Schmitt's definition of sovereignty in terms of emergency. The current conversation in political theology has been unfolding with the rush of a theoretical currency fueled by old, indeed ancient, theopolitical language. Even as ecological theology seems to slow theory down, capturing it in a geological time far older than language, it also lurches into the terrifying speed of climate destabilization. The chapter asks whether, in the guise of thinking for and as terra, we would territorialize politics itself. It shows how, by seeding an alternative to the political theology of exceptionalist power, intercarnation fosters “the new people and earth in the future.” It also explains how a theology forged in alliances of entangled difference helps that alliance emerge—in the face of what may be mounting planetary emergency.
Postcards from Rio
Authors: da Costa Bezerra Kátia
Published: January 2018

Postcards from Rio examines the complex interconnections between notions of citizenship and space in the works of photographers and video makers. It dialogues with a large body of scholarship on Rio de Janeiro and its favelas in particular. Only that, in this case, the point of departure is a cultural production that, coming from the peripheries, reconfigures dominant images of the favelas, their residents, and the city itself. These new mediators are mostly young people of the favelas, whose daily practices are used as the lens through which they contest stigmatized images of favelas. This cultural production lays the foundation for an aesthetic of representation involved in the appropriation and rewriting of the city as part of a process of political resistance and affirmation of difference. The book also discusses the centrality of favelas in the marketing and branding of the city as a strategy to attract external investors and tourists. The cultural productions analysed here discuss the impacts and priorities of the urban interventions on the sphere of the individual and the collectively. They also denounce the key role played by race in a logic characterized by models of exclusion and discrimination that structure the social and spatial organization of the city. The city then emerges as political space where a multiplicity of interests and urban policies are intertwined with demands for more inclusive forms of governance—certainly a form of citizenship that promotes inclusion, nondiscrimination, equal treatment, and the right to have a say over the city’s future.
Favelas
Authors: da Costa Bezerra Kátia
Published: January 2018

The introduction historicizes the evolution of favelas in the imaginary of the city. It illustrates how favelas, constructed as a site of Otherness and/or authenticity, have become more recently a consumable good. With the pacification process, favelas have become a seductive component of the city, attracting many interests, and a clear process of urban development is under way. The chapter describes how successive urban remodeling plans have resulted in the eviction of many residents—mostly low-income, black segments of the population. It defines favela-based cultural productions as counter-narratives that are implicated in the articulation of alternative identities and geographies. Finally, it conveys the methods used in the book and the general organization of the book.
Competing Discourses
Authors: da Costa Bezerra Kátia
Published: January 2018

The chapter focuses on the way museums, historical areas, and iconic architecture become a key asset in the promotion of an urban identity and branding. The chapter examines the various facets of the Wonder Port project and its consequence for local residents. It studies more specifically the key role played by art in the production of conflicting and sometimes contradictory spatial imaginaries. The chapter shows the tensions between Rio Art Museum’s architecture and exhibits and community-based social and cultural projects such as Morrinho (Little Hill) and the Inside Out Morro da Providência project. It illustrates how top-down market-oriented social policies of displacement of long-time residents are put into question by favela-based cultural producers.
Shades of Green
Authors: Keating Ryan W.
Published: January 2018

This book is a study of soldiers who served in Irish regiments during the American Civil War and the communities that supported them. Tracing the organization and service of self-proclaimed Irish units from Connecticut, Illinois, and Wisconsin, this study transitions the historical debate away from the motivations and sentiment of “Irish America”—a national cohesive entity with similar experiences and attitudes—and towards “Irish Americas,” men and women connected to both local as well as national communities. Such an approach allows us to better understand how adopted citizens, their comrades in arms, and their friends and neighbors experienced the Civil War era. As a social history of the Civil War, Shades of Green explores the experiences, motivations, political identities, and ideologies of Union soldiers and civilians with a particular focus on the impact of the war on immigrants in smaller communities scattered throughout the North. Utilizing an array of sources including muster and descriptive rolls, federal census data, and veterans pensions, this book argues that Irish regiments were as much the expressions of local enlistment patterns as they were reflections of a commitment to a broader Irish American national identity.
Illinois and Mulligan’s Irish Brigade
Authors: Keating Ryan W.
Published: January 2018

This chapter traces Irish immigration to Illinois and the formation of the 23rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry. Utilizing census data this chapter argues that settlement patterns and the socio-economic place of Irish immigrants in Illinois differed drastically from those in larger cities such as New York and Boston. As the nation was torn apart by war, Illinois’s Irish responded to Lincoln’s initial call for troops with enthusiasm, organizing into the 23rd Illinois. Enlistment patterns illustrate broad commitment to the war effort by Irish and Irish American volunteers from throughout Illinois and Michigan, and the early service of the regiment at the battle of Lexington, Missouri in the fall of 1861 reinforced, nationally, the notion of Irish loyalty to the Union and encouraged Irish enlistment in other states in the north.
The Formation of the 17th Wisconsin
Authors: Keating Ryan W.
Published: January 2018

This chapter traces Irish immigration to Wisconsin and the formation the 17th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. When war broke out in 1861 the Irish in Wisconsin were slow to rise in unison in defense of the Union. A relatively stable immigrant community, many Irish chose, early in the war, to enlist in ethnically mixed regiments—illustrating the inclusive communities that developed in this Midwestern state during the antebellum period. In winter of 1862, though, vocal Irishmen, playing upon the success of other ethnic units, were given the opportunity to form their own regiment, the 17th Wisconsin. Publicly declaring their allegiances to the Irish American community, Wisconsin’s Irish regiment was, in reality, an ethnically diverse unit that attracted men from across the state. As the regiment prepared to move south in the spring of 1862, though, tensions rose and a large number of men mutinied. Supported by local newspaper editors, the demands of these men were seen as expressions of republicanism, illustrating (when compared to the experiences of the Ninth Connecticut) the diverse responses to Irish conduct in communities throughout the north, and the ways these men understood their military service.
Ethnicity and Combat
Authors: Keating Ryan W.
Published: January 2018

Men in Connecticut and Wisconsin were motivated to enlist in part due to the successes of Irish regiments during the early battles of the Civil War. Beginning in the spring of 1862, this chapter follows the soldiers of these three regiments and speaks to the diversity of military life for Union volunteers. Tested in battle, the faithful service of these men helped preserve support for the Union war effort on the home front and proved a valuable method of rejecting the goals and aims of the rioters in New York City in the summer of 1863. As animosity towards the federal government grew amongst the Irish in America’s largest ethnic enclave of Manhattan, in smaller communities throughout the north Irish men and women reaffirmed, time and again, their support for the war, their soldiers, and their adopted nation.
Patriotism and Sacrifice on the Home Front
Authors: Keating Ryan W.
Published: January 2018

This chapter argues that the focus on patriotism and loyalty on the home front and, in particular, expressions of this through women’s war work, often obscures the realities of life for the women and families of soldiers in the field. Although public professions of support for the war effort were vital to creation perceptions of stability throughout the war, families did suffer when their men went to war, and those sufferings ere expounded with the death of a soldier. The ways in which the war impacted the lives of the wives, families, and dependents of soldiers from Connecticut, Illinois, and Wisconsin help to illuminate the collision of public and private spheres as the war forced soldiers and civilians to contend with the personal as well as political consequences of the war.
Irish Americans in the Civil War: Myth and Memory
Authors: Keating Ryan W.
Published: January 2018

For many soldiers, local communities were as important to their identity as their ethnic heritage. While their decision to serve in an Irish unit made them unique, the reality was that Irish regiments were themselves diverse manifestations of local and state communities, linked together only by a loose ethnic identity. This diversity among the regiments—in their wartime experiences, on the home front, and in the preservation and memorialization of their service—highlights the truly complex nature of ethnic service.
Introduction: Viewing Paul Hanly Furfey’s Contribution against a Wide Horizon
Authors: Rademacher Nicholas K.
Published: January 2018

As he neared retirement, Furfey presented himself as moving through three phases: liberal, radical and revolutionary. Scholars of Furfey’s work subsequently present Furfey as the theorist of Catholic radicalism. This chapter suggests that he was not only the theorist of Catholic radicalism but also a scholar who abided liberal and revolutionary impulses in scholarship and activism across his lifetime. Furfey’s contribution to the tradition of Catholic social thought and practice in the United States was more nuanced than the view that prevails in the current literature.
Learning Constructive Civic Engagement at the Catholic University of America
Authors: Rademacher Nicholas K.
Published: January 2018

Paul Hanly Furfey was profoundly influenced by the famous Catholic priest psychologist Thomas Verner Moore who taught him how to balance rigorous scientific study with theological and spiritual analysis. Moore also modelled a civically engaged scholarship by opening clinics in the area surrounding the university. Furfey’s training in the seminary was uninspiring while his graduate studies at CUA were stimulating. His professors at CUA and the Sulpicians at St. Mary’s Seminary introduced Furfey to exciting developments in the Catholic Church in the United States, namely the formation of the National Catholic Welfare Council. While Furfey was drawn to the simplicity of the Jesuit lifestyle, he chose to be ordained a priest in the Archdiocese of Baltimore in 1922.
Reimagining Social Reform
Authors: Rademacher Nicholas K.
Published: January 2018

Paul Hanly Furfey realigned his approach to social reform during and after his sabbatical in Germany, questioning now the efficacy of a purely scientific approach. Furfey’s scientific studies in Germany, the onset of the Great Depression and stirrings of World War II led Furfey to re-evaluate his hypotheses on social reform. His emphasis shifted to a supernatural perspective. Furfey’s progress from optimism in 1931 to a revised approach in 1935 can be traced across three benchmarks: first, his request to study medical science in Germany and his subsequent intellectual conversion while there; second, his report to the rector of CUA upon his return, a report in which Furfey frankly outlined the new directions in his outlook consequent to what he learned while abroad; and, third, his gravitation toward a more determinedly counter-cultural approach to social reform that was inspired, in part, by the Catholic Worker community in New York City. By 1935, Furfey was in the midst of blending these new insights into his already existing theoretical and practical frameworks for promoting social justice.
Placing Social Justice at the Center of the Sociology Department
Authors: Rademacher Nicholas K.
Published: January 2018

As department chair, Furfey integrated social justice into the curriculum of the Department of Sociology, analysing scientific research data according to Christian analysis. In this period, Furfey began to interpret the Christian tradition in language approximating non-violent class struggle and sought alternative social reform strategies where spirituality and science would intersect. He cultivated the social and political interests of his students. According to his “Catholic Social Manifesto,” his department would now favor personalistic social action guided by divine grace over political action guided by human prudence. He and his colleauges would pursue nonviolent activism, grounded in love, to promote social change. Nevertheless, they would continue to pursue rigorous scientific research and approach their social justice reform according to the latest standards. Furfey and his colleagues Mary Elizabeth Walsh and Gladys Sellew launched Il Poverello House and later Fides House to explore the intersection of a theologically-informed spirituality with contemporary sociology and social work.
Investigating Pre-service EFL Teachers’ Self-concepts within the Framework of Teaching Practicum in Turkish Context
Authors: Yilmaz Cevdet
Published: January 2018

The present study aimed at understanding the nature and potential dynamism of five pre-service EFL teachers’ self-concepts in the domain of English as a foreign language (EFL). To this end, the effects of pre-service teachers’ experiences gained alongside the practicum on their EFL self-concept development were also discussed. Data were generated in a case study research paradigm using journal entries and in-depth interviews. The major themes derived from the analysis of the data were indicative of pre-service teachers’ self-beliefs which profoundly affected their EFL self-concept development. These included the passion for English, the use of L1 and L2 in language teaching, and the critical experiences that the pre-service teachers had during the practicum. It was shown how the practicing teachers’ EFL self-beliefs can at once be dynamic and also stable, depending on the type of beliefs investigated. The study concludes by suggesting the need to help EFL pre-service teachers to form positive but realistic self-concepts within the framework of EFL teacher training.
2017/39 The principle of legality applies to disciplinary sanctions (LU)
Authors: Molitor Michel
Published: January 2018

2017/39 The principle of legality applies to disciplinary sanctions (LU)

The Court of Appeal held that disciplinary sanctions are subject to the general principles of criminal law and therefore must respect the principle of legality. Consequently, the wording of any collective agreement that is used as the legal basis of a sanction must be sufficiently clear and precise to enable the employee to understand the consequences of his or her misconduct.
2017/41 New approach to burden of proof in discrimination claims (UK)
Authors: Price Hannah
Published: January 2018

2017/41 New Approach to Burden of Proof in Discrimination Claims (UK)

The Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) has adopted a new approach to the burden of proof in discrimination cases. Up to now, the courts have held that the claimant must, in the first instance, prove sufficient facts from which (in the absence of any other explanation) an inference of discrimination can be drawn. Once the claimant has established these facts, the burden of proof shifts to the respondent to show that he or she did not breach the provisions of the Act. The EAT has now said that courts should consider all of the evidence (both the claimant’s and the respondent’s) when making its finding of facts, in order to determine whether or not a prima facie case of discrimination has been made out. It is then open to the respondent to demonstrate that there was no discrimination. This is an important development in how the burden of proof is dealt with in discrimination cases. It clarifies that it is not only the claimant’s evidence which will be scrutinised in determining whether the burden of proof has shifted, but also the respondent’s evidence (or lack thereof).
Evaluación socioformativa en procesos de formación en línea mediante proyectos formativos
Authors: Hernández Mosqueda Jose S. , Tobón Tobón Sergio , Ortega Carbajal María F. , Ramírez Cuevas Andrés M.
Published: January 2018

El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la relación entre un conjunto de variables de la evaluación socioformativa y los proyectos formativos en un posgrado en línea. La metodología que se implementó corresponde a un estudio descriptivo-correlacional con una muestra de 79 participantes de una maestría en línea en donde se correlacionó la evaluación socioformativa mediante problemas de contexto, empleo de rúbricas, autoevaluación y coevaluación en el foro académico, con el impacto de los proyectos formativos que hacen énfasis en la importancia de la colaboración y los procesos de mejoramiento de las evidencias considerando los criterios y las metas de desempeño establecidas. Los principales resultados mostraron que la autoevaluación, la coevaluación, los intentos para resolver el problema del contexto, el número de veces que se mejoró la evidencia y los integrantes que conformaron los equipos para la realización de estas presentaron una correlación significativa con el desempeño reflejado en el promedio académico. Por lo tanto, el proceso de retroalimentación continua mediante la autoevaluación y la coevaluación para la mejora de las evidencias realizadas durante el semestre, así como la colaboración y el apoyo para la resolución de problemas del contexto empleando los proyectos formativos, se asocian con un mejor desempeño académico. Se sugiere nuevos estudios para determinar relaciones de causalidad.
Assessment of the Effect of Swedish Massage and Acupressure in Rehabilitation of Patients with Low Back Pain. Preliminary Report
Authors: Boguszewski Dariusz , Krupiński Mateusz , Białoszewski Dariusz
Published: January 2018

Background. Low-back pain is a common problem in developed societies. The quest for methods to reduce this com­plaint may contribute to improving the quality of life for many people. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of Swedish massage combined with acupressure vs. Swedish massage alone in patients with low back pain.
Material and methods. The study involved 20 women and 20 men with lumbosacral pain. The group was clinically ho­mo­geneous. The participants were randomized into two groups: Group 1, which received Swedish massage with acu­pressure techniques, and Group 2, treated with Swedish massage only. The research tools comprised the Laitinen Pain Score, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Roland-Morris Ques­tion­naire, the Thomayer test, and the measurement of lumbar spine extension. Differences between the mea­surements were evaluated with the Wilcoxon test, with the minimum significance level set at p≤0.05.
Results. Both groups demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) decrease in pain intensity, improvement in quality of life and increase in physical activity. Increased segmental mobility of the spine was also observed in all patients, with significant changes (p<0.05) noted only in Group 1. In Group 2, the differences tended towards significance.
Conclusion. In selected cases, Swedish massage combined with acupressure techniques may be more effective as a mo­notherapy in patients with non-specific low back pain than massage alone.
Operative Management of Distal Tibial Extra-articular Fractures – Intramedullary Nail Versus Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis
Authors: Wani Iftikhar H. , ul Gani Naseem , Yaseen Mohammad , Bashir Adil , Bhat Mohammad Shahid , Farooq Munir
Published: January 2018

Background. The ideal treatment of distal tibial extra articular fractures remains controversial. Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis and intramedullary nailing are the two most commonly used methods. We did a prospective randomized controlled study to assess the functional outcome of distal tibial extra articular tibial fractures by comparing these treatment methods.
Materials and methods. Sixty patients with distal tibial extra articular fractures were randomly assigned to an IMN (intramedullary nailing) group and a MIPPO (minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis) group. All patients were followed up for a period of one year. At final follow-up, clinical and radiological outcome was assessed by foot function index. Malunion, infection, implant removal, time to union and secondary interventions were compared between the two groups. The comparison of continuous variables was performed by using the Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test in accordance with normality testing. A value of p less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results. All patients were followed up for a period of one year. Time to callus formation was equal in both groups. There was no non-union in our series. Malunion was more common in the nailing group. The foot function index was similar in both groups.
Conclusion. MIPPO and intramedullary nailing are effective treatment options in the management of distal tibial extra particular fractures, with comparable functional outcomes.
Neuropathy – Damage to Peripheral Nerves in Diseases and Injuries of the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Tomaszewski Wiesław , Malinowska Katarzyna
Published: January 2018

The musculoskeletal diseases and injuries affect not only the musculoskeletal system itself, but also the closely related structures, such as blood vessels and nerves (both within the central and the peripheral nervous system). If these relationships are neglected or the directed neuroprotective and neuro-regeneration therapy is delayed, the final effect of the treatment is compromised.
The aim if this paper is describing the important medical and social problem of peripheral neuropathies from the point of view of epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, imaging diagnostics and complex medical procedures using modern approaches and techniques, based on the available literature.