Some issues of calcium-phosphorus metabolism in early childhood caries on the background of genetic pathology
Authors: Yaroshenko O.G. , Nikonov A.Yu. , Herman S.I. 
Published: January 2025

Background. The endogenous way of caries prevention plays a much greater role during the period of formation of hard tissues of teeth than during the period of teeth that have already formed. The endogenous prevention allows to have a higher level of caries resistance in the future. The use of calcium and phosphorus preparations as part of caries prevention programs is recognized as one of the most effective ways to prevent this pathology. Inorganic phosphorus-calcium preparations, which are introduced into the cariogenic diet contribute to the reduction of dental caries [15, 16].

Purpose – the aim of our study was to research calcium-phosphorus metabolism in young children against the background of connective tissue dysplasia.

Materials and methods. At the dispensary observation were 39 children (the main group) aged 1 year and 2 months up to 3 years old with multiple caries and with complicated forms of caries against the background of genetically determined connective tissue pathology. The control group consisted of children without somatic pathology (healthy), with caries and with complicated forms of caries, their number was 35 children. These children of the main group were diagnosed with connective tissue dysplasia by doctors and geneticists. All children were divided into four groups, depending on age. The 1st group included 7 children aged 14 to 18 months; in the 2nd – 8 children aged 19 to 23 months; in the 3rd – 7 children aged 24 to 29 months, and in the 4th – 17 children aged 30 to 36 months. So, the largest group (17 people) consisted of children aged 30 to 36 months. Children were subjected to biochemical tests of blood and urine for the content and excretion of calcium and phosphorus.

Results and their discussion. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood of children in all age groups is as follows: the level of calcium in the blood of children aged 14–18 months in the control group was 2.31 ± 0.07, in the main group – 2.42 ± 0.14. the level of calcium in the blood of children aged 19–23 months in the control group was 2.31 ± 0.08, in the primary – 2.41 ± 0.11, the level of calcium in the blood of children aged 24–29 months in the control group was 2.39 ± 0.10, in the main group – 2.35 ± 0.12, the level of calcium in the blood of children aged 30–36 months in the control group – 2.32 ± 0.11, in the main group – 2.35 ± 0.07. As a result of research conducted on children of the control and main groups aged from 14 to 30 months, we obtained data that correspond to the physiological norm (the content of Ca in the blood is within the norm – 2.20–2.70 mmol/l, the content of P in the blood – 1.45–1.78 mm/l). To characterize the state of phosphorus metabolism, it is necessary to take into account the ratio of the amount of calcium and phosphorus in blood serum and urine. Unused phosphorus is excreted in the urine. Excess calcium is excreted from the body with urine. Thus, in our opinion, the appointment of calcium and phosphorus preparations for the purpose of secondary endogenous prevention in young children with diseases of the hard tissues of the teeth against the background of genetically determined pathology of the connective tissue is not appropriate, because the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in the urine is reduced.

Conclusions. When conducting endogenous prophylaxis in young children with genetically determined connective tissue pathology, it is necessary to take into account the level of calcium and phosphorus in the urine.