2756. Activity of Aztreonam-avibactam and Ceftazidime-avibactam against United States Isolates Producing β-lactamases (2020–2021)
Authors: Castanheira Mariana , Kantro Valerie , Doyle Timothy , Mendes Rodrigo E , Sader Helio S 
Published: November 2023

Background

β-lactamase (BL) –producing isolates are widespread and threaten the use of β-lactams. We evaluated the activity of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) and comparators against common BLs detected in US hospitals.

Methods

A total of 21,853 Enterobacterales (ENT) isolates collected during 2020–2021 were susceptibility (S) tested by reference broth microdilution methods. Isolates submitted to whole genome sequencing were: (1) Escherichia coli (EC; n=1,013) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN; n=621) displaying MIC values ≥ 2 mg/L for at least 2 of the following: ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, or cefepime; (2) Enterobacter cloacae (n=452) and Citrobacter spp. (n=169) displaying MIC values ≥ 16 mg/L for ceftazidime and/or ≥ 2 mg/L for cefepime; and (3) ENT (n=240) displaying elevated carbapenem (meropenem and/or imipenem) MIC results at &gt; 1 mg/L.

Results

CAZ-AVI inhibited all ESBL-producers (n=1,446; without carbapenemases) including EC, KPN, and isolates producing CTX-M enzymes (Table). Meropenem-vaborbactam (MEV) inhibited 99.8–100% and ceftolozane-tazobactam (CT) inhibited 67–93.6% of these isolates. ATM-AVI inhibited &gt; 99.4% (using an aztreonam alone breakpoint) of the isolates regardless of the ESBL type or organism. Meropenem S rates against ESBLs ranged from 97.8 to 99.7%. Among other classes, amikacin and tigecycline were the most active agents, inhibiting 78.1% and 97.7% of the ESBL-producing isolates. A total of 97.7% of the isolates had intermediate colistin MIC values. All isolates carrying transferrable AmpC genes were S to CAZ-AVI, ATM-AVI, and MEV and 99.1% were susceptible to meropenem, but only 79.1% were S to CT. These included 82 CMY-producers. Among carbapenemase producers (n=165), CAZ-AVI, ATM-AVI, and MEV susceptibility rates were 81.2%, 98.8% and 80.6%. The only comparator displaying activity against these isolates was tigecycline (93.3% susceptible).

Conclusion

Avibactam combinations were active against common BL-producing isolates from US hospitals, including carbapenemase-producing isolates for which therapeutic options are limited. ATM-AVI was the most active agent against carbapenemase-producers when applying the aztreonam breakpoints for comparison.

Disclosures

Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Valerie Kantro, BA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Timothy Doyle, MS, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support