bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primordial to extremely metal-poor AGB and Super-AGB stars: White dwarf or supernova progenitors?
Authors: Gil-Pons Pilar , Doherty Carolyn L. , Gutiérrez Jordi L. , Siess Lionel , Campbell Simon W. , Lau Herbert B. , Lattanzio John C.
Published: November 2018

Getting a better understanding of the evolution and nucleosynthetic yields of the most metal-poor stars (Z≲ 10−5) is critical because they are part of the big picture of the history of the primitive universe. Yet many of the remaining unknowns of stellar evolution lie in the birth, life, and death of these objects. We review stellar evolution of intermediate-massZ≤ 10−5models existing in the literature, with a particular focus on the problem of their final fates. We emphasise the importance of the mixing episodes between the stellar envelope and the nuclearly processed core, which occur after stars exhaust their central He (second dredge-up and dredge-out episodes). The depth and efficiency of these episodes are critical to determine the mass limits for the formation of electron-capture SNe. Our knowledge of these phenomena is not complete because they are strongly affected by the choice of input physics. These uncertainties affect stars in all mass and metallicity ranges. However, difficulties in calibration pose additional challenges in the case of the most metal-poor stars. We also consider the alternative SN I1/2 channel to form SNe out of the most metal-poor intermediate-mass objects. In this case, it is critical to understand the thermally pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch evolution until the late stages. Efficient second dredge-up and, later, third dredge-up episodes could be able to pollute stellar envelopes enough for the stars to undergo thermal pulses in a way very similar to that of higher initialZobjects. Inefficient second and/or third dredge-up may leave an almost pristine envelope, unable to sustain strong stellar winds. This may allow the H-exhausted core to grow to the Chandrasekhar mass before the envelope is completely lost, and thus let the star explode as an SN I1/2. After reviewing the information available on these two possible channels for the formation of SNe, we discuss existing nucleosynthetic yields of stars of metallicityZ≤ 10−5and present an example of nucleosynthetic calculations for a thermally pulsing Super-Asymptotic Giant Branch star ofZ= 10−5. We compare theoretical predictions with observations of the lowest [Fe/H] objects detected. The review closes by discussing current open questions as well as possible fruitful avenues for future research.
The Endurance of Politicians’ Values Over Four Decades: A Panel Study
Authors: SEARING DONALD D. , JACOBY WILLIAM G. , TYNER ANDREW H.
Published: November 2018

How much do the political values of politicians endure throughout their careers? And how might the endurance be explained? This paper uses a unique longitudinal data set to examine the persistence of political values among national politicians: members of the British House of Commons, who completed Rokeach-type value ranking instruments during 1971–73 and again 40 years later in 2012–16. The findings show remarkable stability and provide strong support for the persistence hypothesis which predicts that politicians develop crystallized value systems by their early thirties and largely maintain those values into retirement. This is consistent with the view that rapid changes in aggregate party ideologies have more to do with new views among new waves of recruits than with conversions among old members.
Almost Gentle Algebras and their Trivial Extensions
Authors: Green Edward L. , Schroll Sibylle
Published: November 2018

In this paper we define almost gentle algebras, which are monomial special multiserial algebras generalizing gentle algebras. We show that the trivial extension of an almost gentle algebra by its minimal injective co-generator is a symmetric special multiserial algebra and hence a Brauer configuration algebra. Conversely, we show that any almost gentle algebra is an admissible cut of a unique Brauer configuration algebra and, as a consequence, we obtain that every Brauer configuration algebra with multiplicity function identically one is the trivial extension of an almost gentle algebra. We show that a hypergraph is associated with every almost gentle algebra A, and that this hypergraph induces the Brauer configuration of the trivial extension of A. Among other things, this gives a combinatorial criterion to decide when two almost gentle algebras have isomorphic trivial extensions.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PERMANENT RAISED BEDS CONTRIBUTES TO INCREASED CROP YIELD AND PROFITABILITY IN THE NORTHEASTERN TIGRAY REGION, ETHIOPIA
Authors: GEBRU AMANUEL A. , ARAYA TESFAY , WOLDE-GEORGIS TSEGAY , NYSSEN JAN , BAUDRON FRÉDÉRIC , VERHULST NELE , SPERATTI ALICIA B. , GOVAERTS BRAM
Published: November 2018

A major problem faced by small-scale farmers in northern Ethiopia is reduced crop yield due to increasing soil degradation resulting from repeated tillage and inadequate agronomic management practices. These practices have left soils and rainfed crops susceptible to hazardous climatic events such as droughts. Sustainable farm practices such as minimum tillage and surface residue retention have been shown to improve soil health and crop productivity. The objectives of this field study were thus to evaluate the impacts of conservation agriculture (CA) practices on crop yield and economic productivity over 6 years in the eastern Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Using a barley–wheat rotation from 2010 to 2016, the applied treatments were (i) permanent raised beds (PRB); (2) semi-permanent raised beds (SPB) and (3) conventional tillage (CT). Average barley and wheat biomass and grain yields in PRB and SPB treatments were consistently greater than yields under CT each year. In addition, the highest marginal rate of return was obtained in PRB and SPB compared to CT in all years (2010–2016). These results suggest that the CA practices of PRB and SPB can improve crop yield and profit compared to CT practices in the Tigray region.
THE GOLD AND SILVER VESSELS AND OTHER PRECIOUS FINDS FROM THE THOLOS TOMB AT KOKLA IN THE ARGOLID
Authors: Demakopoulou K. , Aulsebrook S.
Published: November 2018

The Late Helladic IIB–IIIA1 tholos in the Kokla necropolis is a particularly important and intriguing tomb that can provide us with interesting insights into the wider social landscape of the Argolid just prior to the emergence of the Mycenaean palaces. Architecturally, the tomb itself is a unique mix of features derived from tholoi and chamber tombs; its entrance is adorned with what must be one of the earliest-surviving Mycenaean frescoes. This tholos tomb had not been looted, a rare phenomenon for such tombs, and the precious finds, that is to say the gold, silver and ivory objects, are presented here in detail. These artworks include both Minoan and Mycenaean influences. The group of metal vessels is significant as it is one of the largest assemblages of metalware found from the post-Shaft Grave period on the Mycenaean Greek mainland. It appears that some of these objects were used for funerary ritual activity in conjunction with the bench in the tholos, whereas other objects seem to have been part of an assemblage of grave-goods. As no human remains were discovered, it is difficult to piece together the sequence of use for the tomb. Nevertheless, the publication of this material from the Kokla tholos is an important contribution to our knowledge of the Argolid during this period.
Is phonological consonant epenthesis possible? A series of artificial grammar learning experiments
Authors: Morley Rebecca L.
Published: November 2018

Consonant epenthesis is typically assumed to be part of the basic repertoire of phonological grammars. This implies that there exists some set of linguistic data for which epenthesis is the best analysis. However, a series of artificial grammar learning experiments found no evidence that learners ever selected an epenthesis analysis. Instead, phonetic and morphological biases were revealed, along with individual variation in how learners generalised and regularised their input. These results, in combination with previous work, suggest that synchronic consonant epenthesis may only emerge very rarely, as a result of a gradual accumulation of changes over time. It is argued that stored stem–allomorph pairs should be adopted as the null hypothesis in cases of potential epenthesis, and that a universal criterion is needed for rejecting this hypothesis. Such a criterion requires a formal theory of exceptions, a necessity for falsifiability in phonological theory.
The Influence of Focused and Sustained Spatial Attention on the Allocation of Spatial Attention
Authors: Lamb Damon G. , Balavage Kristi T. , Williamson John B. , Knight Lauren A. , Heilman Kenneth M.
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of directed and sustained attention on the allocation of visuospatial attention. Healthy people often have left lateral and upward vertical spatial attentional biases. However, it is not known whether there will be an increase in bias toward the attended portion of the stimulus when volitional spatial attention is allocated to a portion of a stimulus, whether there are asymmetrical spatial alterations of these biases, and how sustained attention influences these biases. Methods: We assessed spatial bias in 36 healthy, right-handed participants using a variant of horizontal and vertical line bisections. Participants were asked to focus on one or the other end of vertical or horizontal lines or entire vertical or horizontal lines, and then to bisect the line either immediately or after a 20 second delay. Results: We found a significant main effect of attentional focus and an interaction between attentional focus and prolonged viewing with delayed bisection. Focusing on a certain portion of the line resulting in a significant deviation toward the attended portion and prolonged viewing of the line prior to bisection significantly enhanced the degree of deviation toward the attended portion. Conclusions: The enhanced bias with directed and sustained attention may be useful modifications of the line bisection test, particularly in clinical populations. Thus, future studies should determine whether prolonged viewing with delayed bisection and spatially focused attention reveals attentional biases in patients with hemispheric lesions who perform normally on the traditional line bisection test. (JINS, 2019, 25, 65–71)
IMPLEMENTING STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY IN DSGE MODELS: A COMMENT
Authors: Bretscher Lorenzo , Hsu Alex , Tamoni Andrea
Published: November 2018

We highlight a state variable misspecification with one accepted method to implement stochastic volatility (SV) in DSGE models when transforming the nonlinear state-innovation dynamics to its linear representation. Although the technique is more efficient numerically, we show that it is not exact but only serves as an approximation when the magnitude of SV is small. Not accounting for this approximation error may induce substantial spurious volatility in macroeconomic series, which could lead to incorrect inference about the performance of the model. We also show that, by simply lagging and expanding the state vector, one can obtain the correct state-space specification. Finally, we validate our augmented implementation approach against an established alternative through numerical simulation.
Fifty Shades of Bluebeard? Dukas'sAriane et Barbe-Bleuein the Twenty-First Century
Authors: WATSON LAURA
Published: November 2018

With the appearance of opera videos in 2013 (DVD) and 2015 (YouTube), Paul Dukas'sAriane et Barbe-Bleue(1907) has been revived for twenty-first-century audiences. Not only has this formerly obscure work migrated to a mass-media landscape of personalized digital consumption, but its cultural recontextualization has also been extended to the interpretations staged in those opera videos. Both challenge historical, feminist readings ofAriane. Updating the action to modern scenes of abduction and captivity, these productions recast Ariane as victim and reframe the opera as part of the present discourse on sexual violence. As these recent productions ofArianeresonate with broader aesthetic tendencies in current popular culture, I trace parallels between the opera and three such examples from 2015. Selecting works that exemplify the trend of repackaging the Bluebeard tale as contemporary drama, I cite the filmsFifty Shades of GreyandRoom, and the Netflix seriesThe Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt.
New insights into the origins and radiation of the mid-Palaeozoic Gondwanan stem tetrapods
Authors: LONG John A. , CLEMENT Alice M. , CHOO Brian
Published: November 2018

The earliest tetrapodomorph fishes appear in Chinese deposits of Early Devonian age, and by the Middle Devonian they were widespread globally. Evidence for the earliest digitated tetrapods comes from largely uncontested Middle Devonian trackways and Late Devonian body fossils. The East Gondwana Provence (Australasia, Antarctica) fills vital gaps in the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of the tetrapods, with the Gondwanan clade Canowindididae exhibiting a high degree of endemism within the early part of the stem tetrapod radiation. New anatomical details ofKoharalepis, from the Middle Devonian Aztec Siltstone of Antarctica, are elucidated from synchrotron scan data. These include the position of the orbit, the condition of the hyomandibular, the shape of the palate and arrangement of the vomerine fangs. Biogeographical and phylogenetic models of stem tetrapod origins and radiations are discussed.
Identifying Measurement Invariant Item Sets in Cross-Cultural	Settings Using an Automated Item Selection Procedure
Authors: Schultze Martin , Eid Michael
Published: November 2018

Abstract. In the construction of scales intended for the use in cross-cultural studies, the selection of items needs to be guided not only by traditional criteria of item quality, but has to take information about the measurement invariance of the scale into account. We present an approach to automated item selection which depicts the process as a combinatorial optimization problem and aims at finding a scale which fulfils predefined target criteria – such as measurement invariance across cultures. The search for an optimal solution is performed using an adaptation of the [Formula: see text] Ant System algorithm. The approach is illustrated using an application to item selection for a personality scale assuming measurement invariance across multiple countries.
Subseafloor Temperature Variations Influenced by Variations in Bottom Water Temperature and Pressure: New High Resolution Observations and Implications
Authors: Davis Earl E. , Villinger Heinrich
Published: November 2018

A new instrument developed for monitoring acceleration, tilt, and pressure at the ocean floor also measures sediment temperature 1 m below the seafloor. Four deployments have been completed and connected to the Ocean Networks Canada cabled observatory, one on the inner Cascadia accretionary prism, two on the outer prism, and one on the sedimented eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Relative amplitudes and phases of temperature variations measured at the seafloor and in the sediment at periods greater than roughly 1 week constrain the thermal diffusivity of the upper meter of subseafloor sediment to be 4 × 10−7 m2/s. Clear ±0.1‐mK amplitude tidal sediment temperature variations are also resolved. These are too large and regular to be the consequence of downward thermal diffusion from the seafloor and too large to be the consequence of fluid migration driven along the sediment geotherm by poroelastic response to tidal loading. The variations are closely correlated with tidal pressure variations, however, and we infer that these temperature signals reflect adiabatic heating and cooling. The lapse rates inferred from the observations at two of the sites are close to the values for seawater but significantly higher than predicted for a mixture that includes sediment grains. The values observed by both instruments at the outer prism site, located near methane‐bearing‐fluid springs, are particularly high, 20% higher than predicted for a sediment‐seawater mixture. This discrepancy could be reconciled if free gas or methane hydrate were present within the pore volume.
Key Dynamical Factors Driving the Kuroshio Subsurface Water to Reach the Zhejiang Coastal Area
Authors: Xu Lingjing , Yang Dezhou , Benthuysen Jessica A. , Yin Baoshu
Published: November 2018

Observations indicate a seasonal variation of the Kuroshio subsurface water (KSSW) intrusion into the coastal region off the Zhejiang Province of China. The observed temperature and salinity distributions suggest a stronger intrusion in June and weaker intrusion in December. A hydrodynamic model well reproduces the seasonal variation of temperature and salinity characteristics and the current structure over the continental shelf. A passive tracer in the subsurface layer is used to investigate the movement of the KSSW. Tracer experiments confirm the seasonal variation of the KSSW intrusion, showing that the intrusion is stronger in summer and weaker in autumn and winter. Moreover, tracer concentrations suggest that in general it takes at least 1.5 months for the KSSW from east of Taiwan to reach the Zhejiang coastal area. Analyses of the momentum balances indicate that the KSSW's northward movement is regulated by the geostrophic current, while the shoreward intrusion results from the bottom Ekman effect. The seasonal changes in pressure gradients and vertical eddy viscosities contribute to the KSSW intrusion into the Zhejiang coastal area in June rather than in December. Sensitivity experiments show that the seasonal variation of the KSSW intrusion is mainly induced by the different wind stresses in summer and winter. The stronger southerly monsoon, the weaker and warmer Taiwan Warm Current, and the stronger and colder Kuroshio Current are favorable to the KSSW intrusion.
The Role of Ocean Heat Transport in Rapid Sea Ice Declines in the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble
Authors: Auclair Gabriel , Tremblay L. Bruno
Published: November 2018

Many climate models, including the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM‐LE), predict future rapid sea ice declines in the Arctic linked with anomalies in northward Ocean Heat Transport (OHT). Using CESM‐LE, we find that the partitioning of the poleward OHT between the different Arctic gates (Barents Sea Opening, BSO; Bering Strait; and Fram Strait) is key to this link with the rapid declines. Sixty‐four of the 79 rapid declines in CESM‐LE are correlated with the OHT anomalies through one of the gates. Rapid declines that happen earlier in the simulations when the sea ice covers the continental shelves are correlated with OHT anomalies. The interaction between OHT and sea ice happens mainly over continental shelves since most rapid declines are correlated with the BSO or Bering Strait OHTs and only a few with the Fram Strait OHT (often also correlated with BSO or Bering Strait OHTs). In most rapid declines not correlated with OHT, the September Sea Ice Extent (SIE) prior to the decline is smaller than the area covered by the deep basins. Those are associated with surface heat flux since the ice‐atmosphere heat fluxes are more strongly correlated with the sea ice concentrations over the deep basins than the ice‐ocean heat fluxes. Our results suggest that OHTs are causing rapid sea ice declines when the SIE is large enough to cover the continental shelves and that the atmosphere is the main driver when the initial SIE is located only over the deep basins.
Extending B. F. Skinner's Selection by Consequences to Personality Change, Implicit Theories of Intelligence, Skill Learning, and Language
Authors: Goddard Murray J.
Published: November 2018

In a rooftop office, above a Minneapolis flour mill in 1943, B. F. Skinner discovered “shaping” by training a pigeon to send a small wooden ball down a miniature alley to hit a set of toy pins. Skinner recalled that the day was one of great illumination and emboldened his later suggestions that human behaviors may arise from behavior–environment interactions that are relatively malleable (selectionism) rather than arising from hypothetical inner constructs that are relatively fixed (essentialism). The present article extends selectionism to 4 current topics in psychology (personality change, implicit theories of intelligence, skill learning, and language) and highlights the advantages of selectionism, in contrast to essentialism.
Transcriptional changes in the Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) shellinfested by Polydora provide insights into the molecular mechanism of shell formation and immunomodulation
Authors: Mao Junxia , Zhang Wenjing , Zhang Xiaosen , Tian Ying , Wang Xubo , Hao Zhenlin , Chang Yaqing
Published: November 2018

The Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) is one of the most important aquaculture species in Asian countries; however, it has suffered severe infection by Polydora in northern China in recent years, causing great economic losses. The Polydora parasitizes the shell of scallops, badly destroying the shell’s structure. To investigate the molecular response mechanism of M. yessoensis to Polydora infestion, a comprehensive and niche-targeted cDNA sequence database for diseased scallops was constructed. Additionally, the transcriptional changes in the edge mantle, central mantle and hemocytes, tissues directly related to the disease, were first described in this study. The results showed that genes involved in shell formation and immunomodulation were significantly differentially expressed due to the infestation. Different transcriptional changes existed between the two mantle regions, indicating the different molecular functions likely responsible for the formation of different shell layers. The differential expression of genes for immune recognition, signal transduction and pathogen elimination presented an integrated immune response process in scallops. Moreover, neuromodulation and glycometabolism involved in the regulation process with relevant function significantly enriched. The study provides valuable information for mechanism study of shell formation and immunomodulation in scallops.
Endogenous toxins and the coupling of gregariousness to conspicuousness in Argidae and Pergidae sawflies
Authors: Boevé Jean-Luc , Nyman Tommi , Shinohara Akihiko , Schmidt Stefan
Published: November 2018

Phytophagous insects tend to be either cryptic and solitary, or brightly colored and gregarious, as a defense against vertebrate predators. Here, we tested whether potent defensive chemicals producedde novoby larvae of Argidae and Pergidae sawflies have influenced the evolutionary relationship between larval appearance and levels of gregariousness. Phylogeny-based correlation analyses indicated only a weak trend for solitary species to be cryptic, and for gregarious ones to be conspicuous. Numerous Argidae were cryptic–solitary or conspicuous–gregarious, whereas most Pergidae were conspicuous–gregarious. Both families also included not truly gregarious but aggregated species, i.e. with individuals more evenly distributed on the host plant. By considering two specific morphological traits, predominant body coloration and contrasting spots on body, each one was (weakly) associated with appearance but none with gregariousness, which reflects the functional relevance of appearance as a whole. Furthermore, Argidae can display alternate appearances during successive larval instars. Finally, an independent contrasts test showed no obvious correlation between two major toxic peptides. Our results point towards diversely combined patterns of linked ecological traits in these insects. By assuming that warning coloration is more warranted against vertebrate than invertebrate predators, we suggest that the occurrence itself of toxins allowed this diversity via differing predator guilds and environmental factors, to which these insects were confronted during evolution.
Analysis of genome-wide variants through bulked segregant RNA sequencing reveals a major gene for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica oleracea
Authors: Dakouri Abdulsalam , Zhang Xingguo , Peng Gary , Falk Kevin C. , Gossen Bruce D. , Strelkov Stephen E. , Yu Fengqun
Published: November 2018

Two cabbage (Brassica oleracea) cultivars ‘Tekila’ and ‘Kilaherb’ were identified as resistant to several pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae. In this study, we identified a clubroot resistance gene (Rcr7) in ‘Tekila’ for resistance to pathotype 3 of P. brassicae from a segregating population derived from ‘Tekila’ crossed with the susceptible line T010000DH3. Genetic mapping was performed by identifying the percentage of polymorphic variants (PPV), a new method proposed in this study, through bulked segregant RNA sequencing. Chromosome C7 carried the highest PPV (42%) compared to the 30–34% in the remaining chromosomes. A peak with PPV (56–73%) was found within the physical interval 41–44 Mb, which indicated that Rcr7 might be located in this region. Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR was used to confirm the association of Rcr7 with SNPs in the region. Rcr7 was flanked by two SNP markers and co-segregated with three SNP markers in the segregating population of 465 plants. Seven genes encoding TIR-NBS-LRR disease resistance proteins were identified in the target region, but only two genes, Bo7g108760 and Bo7g109000, were expressed. Resistance to pathotype 5X was also mapped to the same region as Rcr7. B. oleracea lines including ‘Kilaherb’ were tested with five SNP markers for Rcr7 and for resistance to pathotype 3; 11 of 25 lines were resistant, but ‘Kilaherb’ was the only line that carried the SNP alleles associated with Rcr7. The presence of Rcr7 in ‘Kilaherb’ for resistance to both pathotypes 3 and 5X was confirmed through linkage analysis.
The application of click chemistry for targeting quadruplex nucleic acids
Authors: Saha Puja , Panda Deepanjan , Dash Jyotirmayee
Published: November 2018

The Cu(i)-catalyzed azide and alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC), commonly known as the “click reaction”, has emerged as a versatile synthetic tool for targeting quadruplex nucleic acids.
Fluorescein sodium ligand-modified silicon nanoparticles produce ultrahigh fluorescence with robust pH- and photo-stability
Authors: Zhong Yiling , Song Bin , Shen Xiaobin , Guo Daoxia , He Yao
Published: November 2018

Water-dispersed silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) feature ultrahigh fluorescence (photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY): ∼90%), robust pH- and photo-stability, and favourable biocompatibility.
A bio-inspired 3D quasi-fractal nanostructure for an improved oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wei Wei , He Weidong , Shi Bibo , Dong Guanping , Lu Xubing , Zeng Min , Gao Xingsen , Wang Qianming , Zhou Guofu , Liu Jun-Ming , Herczynski Andrzej , Kempa Krzysztof , Gao Jinwei
Published: November 2018

We demonstrate a bio-inspired three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical catalyst, based on the Fe-doped nanoarrays of dendritic nickel trees.
Organocatalytic [10+4] cycloadditions for the synthesis of functionalised benzo[a]azulenes
Authors: Giardinetti Maxime , Jessen Nicolaj Inunnguaq , Christensen Mette Louise , Jørgensen Karl Anker
Published: November 2018

A direct and mild strategy for the synthesis of benzo[a]azulenes based on an organocatalytic [10+4] cycloaddition reaction is described.
New KRb2Sb4BO13 and Rb3Sb4BO13 compounds prepared by Rb+/K+ ion exchange from the K3Sb4BO13 ion conductor
Authors: Doux Jean-Marie , Stephant Nicolas , La Salle Annie Le Gal , Joubert Olivier , Guyomard Dominique , Quarez Eric
Published: November 2018

Conduction pathways of Rb+/K+ ions in new ion conductors K3−xRbxSb4BO13 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3).
Surface and interface design for heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Huang Weixin , Li Wei-Xue
Published: November 2018

Recent progresses in catalytic nanocrystals with uniform and well-defined structures,in situcharacterization techniques, and theoretical calculations are facilitating the innovation of efficient catalystsviasurface and interface designs, including crystal phase design, morphology/facet design, and size design, followed by controlled synthesis.
Nanostructured tungsten sulfides: insights into precursor decomposition and the microstructure using X-ray scattering methods
Authors: Mangelsen Sebastian , Srinivasan Bikshandarkoil R. , Schürmann Ulrich , Kienle Lorenz , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: November 2018

The entire path from a thiotungstate precursorviaits decomposition intermediate to nanosized WS2with heavy stacking disorder is traced using various X-ray scattering methods.
Trap distribution and mechanism for near infrared long-afterglow material AlMgGaO4:Cr3+
Authors: Qiu Keliang , Li Panlai , Meng Xiangyu , Liu Jinjin , Bao Qi , Li Yuebin , Li Xue , Wang Zhipeng , Yang Zhiping , Wang Zhijun
Published: November 2018

A novel near infrared long afterglow material AlMgGaO4:Cr3+, its trap distribution, and luminescence mechanism.
Fe-Catalyzed decarbonylative alkylation–peroxidation of alkenes with aliphatic aldehydes and hydroperoxide under mild conditions
Authors: Wu Chuan-Shuo , Li Rong , Wang Qi-Qiang , Yang Luo
Published: November 2018

Decarbonylation at 60–80 °C! Readily available linear/branched aliphatic aldehydes were decarbonylated into 1°, 2° and 3° alkyl radicals at low temperature for cascade radical insertion and radical–radical coupling to construct C(sp3)–C(sp3) and C(sp3)–O bonds.
Continuous flow synthesis of amines from the cascade reactions of nitriles and carbonyl-containing compounds promoted by Pt-modified titania catalysts
Authors: Altuğ Cevher , Muñoz-Batista Mario J. , Rodríguez-Padrón Daily , Balu Alina M. , Romero Antonio A. , Luque Rafael
Published: November 2018

A Pt-modified titania-based catalyst was successfully applied in the synthesis of amines employing several carbonyl containing molecules and nitriles.
Synthesis of levulinic acid based poly(amine-co-ester)s
Authors: Bernhard Yann , Pagies Lucas , Pellegrini Sylvain , Bousquet Till , Favrelle Audrey , Pelinski Lydie , Gerbaux Pascal , Zinck Philippe
Published: November 2018

Bio-based polyesters containing tertiary amines in the backbone have been synthetized from renewable chemical building blocks.
Single stream inertial focusing in low aspect-ratio triangular microchannels
Authors: Mukherjee Prithviraj , Wang Xiao , Zhou Jian , Papautsky Ian
Published: November 2018

We use inertial microfluidics to demonstrate single-stream 3D focusing of particles in triangular microchannels for cytometry applications.
Synthesis and properties of Au–Ag bimetallic nanoclusters with dual-wavelength emission
Authors: Ye Ting , An Xueqin
Published: November 2018

Au–Ag bimetallic nanoclusters with dual-wavelength emission were facilely synthesized and the generation of dual-emission was probed.
Di- and tetramethoxy benzothienobenzothiophenes: substitution position effects on the intermolecular interactions, crystal packing and transistor properties
Authors: Higashino Toshiki , Ueda Akira , Mori Hatsumi
Published: November 2018

The relationship between the structure and transistor properties of novel benzothienobenzothiophene (BTBT) derivatives with 2,3-dimethoxy and 2,3,7,8-tetramethoxy groups was investigated.
A cholesterol based imidazolium ionic liquid crystal: synthesis, characterisation and its dual application as an electrolyte and electrode material
Authors: Mangaiyarkarasi R. , Selvam S. , Ganesh V. , Umadevi S.
Published: November 2018

Dual application of a new cholesterol containing imidazolium ionic liquid crystal as an electrolyte for hybrid flexible supercapacitor and an electrode material in combination with carbon paste.
Distribution, biosynthesis, and biological activity of phenylphenalenone-type compounds derived from the family of plants, Haemodoraceae
Authors: Norman Edward Owen , Lever James , Brkljača Robert , Urban Sylvia
Published: November 2018

This review provides a summary of the current state of research concerning the unique specialised metabolites from Haemodoraceae.
Property impact of common linker segments in sequence-controlled polyesters
Authors: Swisher Jordan H. , Nowalk Jamie A. , Meyer Tara Y.
Published: November 2018

Linker segments in sequence controlled polyester backbones significantly affect thermal, mechanical and degradation properties.
Protective role of Dihydromyricetin in Alzheimer’s disease rat model associated with activating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Ping , Yin Jun-Bo , Liu Li-Hua , Guo Jian , Wang Sheng-Hai , Qu Chun-Hui , Wang Chun-Xia
Published: November 2018

The aim of the present study was to understand the possible role of the Dihydromyricetin (DHM) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) rat model through regulation of the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Rats were divided into Sham group, AD group, AD + DHM (100 mg/kg) group and AD + DHM (200 mg/kg) group. The spatial learning and memory abilities of rats were assessed by Morris Water Maze. Then, the inflammatory cytokines expressions were determined by radioimmunoassay while expressions of AMPK/SIRT1 pathway-related proteins by Western blot; and the apoptosis of hippocampal cells was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. AD rats had an extended escape latency with decreases in the number of platform crossings, the target quadrant residence time, as well as swimming speed, and the inflammatory cytokines in serum and hippocampus were significantly elevated but AMPK/SIRT1 pathway-related proteins were reduced. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of hippocampal cells was significantly up-regulated with decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax, as compared with Sham rats (all P<0.05). After AD rats treated with 100 or 200 mg/kg of DHM, the above effects were significantly reversed, resulting in a completely opposite tendency, and especially with 200 mg/kg DHM treatment, the improvement of AD rats was more obvious. DHM exerts protective role in AD via up-regulation of AMPK/SIRT1 pathway to inhibit inflammatory responses and hippocampal cell apoptosis and ameliorate cognitive function.
Partial TMR method for on‐orbit processors based on PageRank algorithm
Authors: Yang Zhu , Wang Hangyu , Long Teng , Ding Zegang , Chen Liang
Published: November 2018

On‐orbit processors generally require reinforcement due to the harsh space radiation environment. Although the traditional full triple modular redundancy (TMR) method can effectively reinforce circuits, it requires excessive physical footprints and energy consumptions. To address this problem, this Letter proposes a general partial TMR method that can effectively reinforce a circuit. The method is based on the PageRank algorithm for sorting the importance of the triggers in a circuit, and the mean time between failure based on the dual logic cone model is used as the criterion to determine triggers that require redundancy under the partial TMR method. The arithmetic module of an optical image processing platform is tested to verify the effectiveness of the partial TMR method proposed in this Letter.
Gini index inspired robust detector for spectrum sensing over Ricean channels
Authors: Guimarães D.A.
Published: November 2018

The Gini index is a statistical dispersion metric widely used in economic and social sciences to measure inequalities. In this Letter, it is used to build the novel Gini index detector (GID) for cooperative spectrum sensing. The GID is blind, is robust under unequal and dynamical noise and signal powers, suits to line‐of‐sight channels with mild dominant component (the need for dominance is relaxed if the number of primary transmitters increases), has the constant false alarm rate property, outperforms state‐of‐the‐art robust detectors, and is one of the simplest detectors devised so far.
Asymmetric coupled lines for common‐mode noise suppression in bent differential lines
Authors: Lim J. , Lee S. , Oh S. , Jeong J. , Lee J.
Published: November 2018

In this Letter, novel asymmetric coupled lines are proposed to suppress common‐mode (CM) noise in bent differential lines. Based on the concept of the relative permittivity of a single microstrip line, the width of the outer line is made smaller than that of the inner line in bent differential lines to reduce the time skew and the other design parameters are adjusted to account for the differential impedance. To verify the improvement afforded by the proposed method, the simulated and measured results of the proposed structure were compared with two different designs; the conventional bent differential lines and the compensated differential lines using a serpentine inner line. The results of the proposed method show better signal integrity than the other methods.
Internet-Interventionen: Ein Überblick
Authors: Berger Thomas , Krieger Tobias
Published: November 2018

Internettherapie? Wie soll das gehen? Via Internet kann doch keine Beziehung
aufgebaut werden! Und was ist mit all den Selbsthilfe-Apps? Sind sie zu
empfehlen und können sie auch in der herkömmlichen Therapie verwendet werden?
Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über verschiedene Formen von
Internet-Interventionen und deren aktuellen Stand in Forschung und Praxis.
Mediale Aufmerksamkeit um jeden Preis – wenn Klicks
wichtiger werden als seriöse Berichterstattung
Authors: Süess Silvia
Published: November 2018

Falschmeldungen gab es schon immer. Auch Fake News in den Medien sind kein neues
Phänomen – neu ist jedoch das Ausmaß. Durch die heutigen technischen Möglichkeiten
kann innerhalb kürzester Zeit ein Massenpublikum erreicht werden, das die
Glaubwürdigkeit eines Artikels oft nicht beurteilen kann.
Online-Selbstmanagement in der Klinik? Der Einsatz von
moodgym
Authors: Dorow Marie , Stein Janine , Löbner Margrit , Becker Thomas , Franz Michael , Riedel-Heller Steffi G.
Published: November 2018

Studien zeigen die Wirksamkeit internetbasierter Ansätze zur Linderung
depressiver Erkrankungen. Doch lassen sich Online-Programme auch in der
stationären psychiatrischen Versorgung einsetzen? Welche Barrieren sind dabei zu
berücksichtigen? Ein Forscherteam des Instituts für Sozialmedizin,
Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP) der Universität Leipzig befragte
Klinikmitarbeiter und Patienten im Rahmen einer Studie zu ihren Erfahrungen mit
moodgym.
E-Mental-Health: Therapie am Bildschirm
Authors: Wolfer Christine
Published: November 2018

Das Internet ist längst keine Parallelwelt mehr zu unserer Realität. Alles
wird im Internet angeboten, und die Anonymität kann sogar von Vorteil sein –
v. a. für die Psychotherapie. Doch was bedeutet E-Mental-Health für uns
Praktiker? Hintergrundinformationen und neue Sichtweisen sind dazu nötig. Im
Folgenden werden nützliche Links zum Thema und alle Links aus diesem Heft
bereitgestellt.
Das Gefühl der Machtlosigkeit
Authors: Blumenrode Stefan
Published: November 2018

Wenn Patienten sich machtlos fühlen, führt das häufig zu Resignation und
Aggression. Unser Autor geht den Ursachen auf den Grund und schildert, mit
welchen Interventionen Sie Patienten neue Hoffnung schenken können.
Critical Genes in White Adipose Tissue Based on Gene Expression Profile Following Exercise
Authors: Wang Haitang , Lee J.- , Tian Ye
Published: November 2018

Exercise is recognized as an effective method to prevent obesity and alleviate metabolic diseases. Browning of white adipose has the advantage of decreasing insulin resistance. We aim to identify critical differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in white adipose tissue after exercise. We downloaded the gene dataset GSE68161 of C57BL/6 mice from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, we analyzed the effect of exercise on up-regulated and down-regulated DEGs by GEO2R and performed protein-protein interaction network analyses. We then identified hub-genes in white adipose tissue and crosstalk genes of a single pathway by the STRING database and Cytoscape. In this study, 72 DEGs were screened out, and they mainly function in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and in the primary biological process of fatty acid oxidation regulation. The top 5 hub-genes screened out were SLC27A1, COX7A1, PPARGC1A, FABP3, and UCP1. The 3 crosstalk genes found were SLC27A1, SLC27A2, and PPARA. These 3 genes might function as a bridge of the PPAR signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway and the insulin resistance pathway. SLC27A1 is critical gene for the interactions of signaling pathways in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Therefore, further relationships between the browning of white adipose and insulin resistance need to be studied.
Antioxidants Facilitate High–intensity Exercise IL–15 Expression in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Pérez-López Alberto , Martin-Rincon Marcos , Santana Alfredo , Perez-Suarez Ismael , Dorado Cecilia , Calbet Jose , Morales-Alamo David
Published: November 2018

Interleukin (IL)-15 stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, fat oxidation, glucose uptake and myogenesis in skeletal muscle. However, the mechanisms by which exercise triggers IL-15 expression remain to be elucidated in humans. This study aimed at determining whether high-intensity exercise and exercise-induced RONS stimulate IL-15/IL-15Rα expression and its signaling pathway (STAT3) in human skeletal muscle. Nine volunteers performed a 30-s Wingate test in normoxia and hypoxia (PIO2=75 mmHg), 2 h after placebo or antioxidant administration (α-lipoic acid, vitamin C and E) in a randomized double-blind design. Blood samples and muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained before, immediately after, and 30 and 120 min post-exercise. Sprint exercise upregulated skeletal muscle IL-15 protein expression (ANOVA, P=0.05), an effect accentuated by antioxidant administration in hypoxia (ANOVA, P=0.022). In antioxidant conditions, the increased IL-15 expression at 120 min post-exercise (33%; P=0.017) was associated with the oxygen deficit caused by the sprint (r=–0.54; P=0.020); while, IL-15 and Tyr705-STAT3 AUCs were also related (r=0.50; P=0.036). Antioxidant administration promotes IL-15 protein expression in human skeletal muscle after sprint exercise, particularly in severe acute hypoxia. Therefore, during intense muscle contraction, a reduced PO2 and glycolytic rate, and possibly, an attenuated RONS generation may facilitate IL-15 production, accompanied by STAT3 activation, in a process that does not require AMPK phosphorylation.
One-Pot Approach to Pyrido-4-phenanthridinones by Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of 4-Quinolones with 2-Bromobenzyl Bromides
Authors: Ata Athar , Mohan Palathurai , Arasakumar Thangaraj , Shyamsivappan Selvaraj , Gopalan Subashini
Published: November 2018

A straightforward approach toward the assembly of phenanthridinone heterocycles has been developed through the palladium-catalyzed N-benzylation/intramolecular coupling reactions of readily prepared 4-quinolones with commercially available 2-bromobenzyl bromide derivatives. The target products were prepared in moderate to good yields, with tolerance of various functional groups.
Increased Expression Levels of Metalloprotease, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease, Metallothionein, and p63 in Ectopic Endometrium: An Animal Experimental Study
Authors: Brandão Verônica Cristina Moraes , Meola Juliana , Garcia Sergio Britto , Candido-dos-Reis Francisco José , Poli-Neto Omero Benedicto , Nogueira Antonio Alberto , Rosa-e-Silva Julio Cesar
Published: November 2018

Objective To characterize the patterns of cell differentiation, proliferation, and tissue invasion in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of rabbits with induced endometriotic lesions via a well- known experimental model, 4 and 8 weeks after the endometrial implantation procedure.

Methods Twenty-nine female New Zealand rabbits underwent laparotomy for endometriosis induction through the resection of one uterine horn, isolation of the endometrium, and fixation of tissue segment to the pelvic peritoneum. Two groups of animals (one with 14 animals, and the other with15) were sacrificed 4 and 8 weeks after endometriosis induction. The lesion was excised along with the opposite uterine horn for endometrial gland and stroma determination. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues for analysis of the following markers: metalloprotease (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP-2), which are involved in the invasive capacity of the endometrial tissue; and metallothionein (MT) and p63, which are involved in cell differentiation and proliferation.

Results The intensity of the immunostaining for MMP9, TIMP-2, MT, and p63 was higher in ectopic endometria than in eutopic endometria. However, when the ectopic lesions were compared at 4 and 8 weeks, no significant difference was observed, with the exception of the marker p63, which was more evident after 8 weeks of evolution of the ectopic endometrial tissue.

Conclusion Ectopic endometrial lesions seem to express greater power for cell differentiation and tissue invasion, compared with eutopic endometria, demonstrating a potentially invasive, progressive, and heterogeneous presentation of endometriosis.
Surgical Endoscopy: Future Directions
Authors: Sippey Megan , Lam Wanda , Ali Ahmed , Marks Jeffrey
Published: November 2018

Since the introduction of the modern endoscope in 1957, numerous advances have been made in its use. The endoscope has transitioned from a primarily diagnostic tool at its inception, to now offering a plethora of therapeutic interventions including Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES). Advances in the endoscope, endoscopic imaging modalities, and therapeutic tools and platforms have contributed to recent, and upcoming, progression in NOTES. Current states of these advancements are reviewed.
Cause of Ascending Aortic Dilatation in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valves: The Final Link
Authors: Robicsek Francis , Madjarov Jeko M. , Padera Robert F.
Published: November 2018

Background This article discusses about the cause of dilatation of the ascending aorta in patients with congenitally bicuspid aortic valves (CBAVs). Some members of the profession believe that it is genetic, while others attribute it to turbulence. The author previously presented in vitro data proving that CBAVs are inherently morphological stenotic, even in the absence of measurable gradient and clinical symptoms. This article reinforces the view that the dilatation of the ascending aorta in patients with CBAV represents a “poststenotic dilatation” by demonstrating that the structure of the aortic wall is normal in infants who have CBAV as a sole cardiac anomaly.

Methods The aortic wall was studied in newborns who had CBAV as the sole cardiovascular anomaly and in those where CABV was associated with other inborn cardiovascular defects.

Results We found that in patients where CBAV is the sole cardiovascular anomaly, aortic structure is normal at birth, but abnormal if additional cardiovascular anomalies are present.

Conclusions Dilatation of the ascending aorta in patients, where CBAV is the only cardiovascular anomaly, is caused by turbulence (poststenotic dilatation). If additional cardiovascular anomalies are present, this process may be exaggerated by genetic abnormalities of the aortic wall.