bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Isometric Exercise on Blood Pressure in Pre-Hypertensive and Hypertensive Individuals: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Oliveira Patricia Caetano , Lehnen Alexandre Machado , Waclawovsky Gustavo
Published: January 2021

BackgroundSystemic arterial hypertension (HTN) is the leading risk factor of cardiovascular disease death. Lifestyle changes are key for the prevention and management of HTN. Regular aerobic exercise training is recommended as part of the management of HTN; and dynamic resistance exercise should be prescribed as an adjuvant to aerobic training. Recent evidence points to potential benefits of isometric resistance training in reducing blood pressure (BP). Yet, the hypotensive effect of isometric exercise in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive individuals is not fully understood. Thus, we will examine the effect of isometric exercise in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive individuals through a systematic review and meta-analysis. MethodsOur systematic review study will include randomized clinical trials (RCTs) selected from the electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, LILACS, EMBASE and PEDro published in English, Spanish and Portuguese language. We will follow the PRISMA guidelines and PICOS framework. Our search will involve studies with both male and female participants aged 18 years or more diagnosed with prehypertension or HTN performing one session of isometric exercise (acute effect) or isometric exercise training (chronic effect) compared to a control group (no exercise). We will use Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool to evaluate the quality of the studies and RStudio software (v1.3.959 for Windows) for statistical analyses. DiscussionA meta-analysis of a homogeneous sample of pre-hypertensive and hypertensive individuals involving isometric handgrip exercise alone can further support previous findings and improve our understanding and recommendations for the management of these populations. Systematic review registrationThe study protocol for this review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD 42020213081).
Long non-coding RNA CASC7 Contributes to the Progression of Sepsis-Induced Liver Injury by Targeting miR-217/TLR4 Axis
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqian , Zhang Tao , Tang Yanhua , Jiang Wenyong , Yang Weiwen , Wang He , Liu Gang
Published: January 2021

Background: Sepsis is a system inflammation disease that can lead to liver injury. Long non-coding RNAs as crucial regulators participate in the regulation of sepsis-induced liver injury. However, the role of lncRNA CASC7 (CASC7) in the modulation of sepsis-induced liver injury remains elusive. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of CASC7 on the sepsis-induced liver injury. Methods: The sepsis mouse model was established in BALB/c mice by the treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effect of CASC7 on sepsis-induced liver injury was analyzed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining, ELISA assays, TUNEL detection kit, CCK‐8 assays, and Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit in vivo or in vitro. The mechanism investigation was performed using RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter gene assays, qPCR assays, and Western blot analysis.Results: The expression of CASC7 was elevated in a time-dependent manner in the liver tissues of the sepsis mice and LPS-treated LO2 cells. The depletion of CASC7 decreased the LPS treatment-induced liver injury in the sepsis mice. The treatment of LPS enhanced the apoptosis in the sepsis mice, while the depletion of CASC7 blocked this enhancement in the system. The CASC7 knockdown inhibited the LPS-enhanced expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the mice. CASC7 served as a sponge for the miR-217 in the liver cells. CASC7 promoted the progression of sepsis-induced liver injury by sponging miR-217. MiR-217 attenuated sepsis-induced liver injury by targeting TLR4. Conclusions: Thus, we conclude that CASC7 contributes to the progression of sepsis-induced liver injury by targeting miR-217/TLR4 axis.
Clinical Endoscopic and Histological Characteristics of Helicobacter Pylori Positive and Negative Armenian Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain and/or Dyspepsia
Authors: Shahinyan Tatevik , Amaryan Gayane , Tadevosyan Artashes , Braegger Christian Peter
Published: January 2021

BackgroundRecurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and dyspepsia are common complaints in children. These symptoms are often associated with Helicobacter pylori (Hp)infection. Aim of the present study was to prospectively analyze clinical, endoscopic and histological characteristics of Hp+ and Hp- children with RAP and/or dyspepsia. MethodsPatients aged 2-18 years with RAP and/or dyspepsia, referred for upper endoscopy to Arabkir MC from November 2015 to December 2017, were involved in the study. Histology was assessed according to the updated Sydney system. Gastric and duodenal specimens were stained by modified Giemsa staining for Hp infection. One antral biopsy was cultured in Hp selective media. Results150 patients were included into the study: 70.7% Hp+,29.3% Hp-. Nausea and vomiting were significantly more common in Hp+ patients (p<0.05). Gastric nodularity (p=0.02), erosions in the stomach (p=0.056), and duodenal erosions (p=0.019) were more common in Hp+. Chronic active (p=0.027) and non-active gastritis (p=0.002), cumulative findings of metaplasia/dysplasia/atrophy in the stomach (p=0.014) and chronic non-active duodenitis (p=0.016), were significantly more common in Hp+ patients. ConclusionHp infection prevalence is high in Armenian children with dyspepsia and/or RAP. Clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings and histopathological findings were significantly different in Hp+ patients as compared to Hp- patients.
Assessing Access and Healthcare Quality of Maternal and Child Health Services in Facilities of Kasai Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
Authors: Ndela Britou , Ngwala Philippe , N’siala Adrien , Kalonji Albert , Minuku Felix , Ntatukidi Nancy , Bokole Harmonie , Masumbuku Jean-Jacques , Kintaudi Ngoma Miezi , Mandja Bien-Aimé M.
Published: January 2021

Background: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is classified among the 5 countries with the highest global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and highest under-five mortality rate (U5MR) in the world. Kasai is one of 14 provinces of the DRC, which have a high U5MR and MMR. Despite this overriding concern, almost no studies have been conducted to assess maternal et child situation in this province. The aim of this study was to assess access, availability, and quality of maternal and child health services in Kasai Province in the DRC. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 49 Health Facilities (HFs) integrating quantitative and qualitative data collection was conducted in 18 Health Zones in Kasai Province in the DRC. Documentary review, interviews and direct observation of HFs were performed to collect data. Pearson’s chi-squared test was performed to establish the relation between variables.Results: Nearly 54 % of visited HFs population had a geographical access to maternal and child health services and the majority of medical acts were unaffordable. Basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care (EmOC) were offered respectively by only 11.8% and 7.6% of HF and none provided high quality basic or comprehensive EmOC. This low availability and quality of EmOC are due to the insufficiency of necessary inputs and personal for maternal and child health services in the majority of HFs. Conclusion: The situation of maternal and child health services is very precarious in Kasai Province. The improvement of EmOC coverage will require rehabilitation of infrastructure, dotation of equipment, regular supply of medicines and strengthening of human resource capacity.
Evaluation of the Profitability of Using Solar Collectors in Single-Family Housing Industry - The Case of Poland
Authors: Niekurzak Mariusz , Kubińska-Jabcoń Ewa
Published: January 2021

Background: The growing consumption is what drives the development of unsustainable energy and material-intensive production technologies that emit large quantities of pollutants into the atmosphere, water and land. Obtaining green energy allows to reduce the interference with the environment and, consequently, fits into a sustainable energy development strategy. In order to achieve the emission targets set by the EU for Poland, it is necessary to prioritise the development of Renewable Energy Sources technologies within the energy sector.Methods: The purpose of the study is to present the results of the research relating to the profitability of solar collectors investment for single-family houses in Poland. The research was presented on the basis of the legal conditions applicable to micro installations in the light of the amendment of the RES Act and the impact of these amendments on the aspects of the profitability of such investment was determined. Results: On the basis of the constructed economic model used to assess the profitability of increasing the area of solar collectors, it has been shown that an operating installation will bring measurable economic benefits in the form of reduction in the amount of energy purchased from the current supplier and environmental benefits in the form of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. The obtained results have been generalised, which allows to use them in the process of selecting the size of collector area for similar installations. Conclusion: The cost-effectiveness analysis carried out in respect of a detached house allowed to demonstrate that this project is fully justified. Furthermore, pursuant to the Renewable Energy Sources Act in force in Poland, treating a small entrepreneur as a prosumer who may generally take advantage of favourable conditions for discounting the produced energy leads to very favourable possibilities of settling electricity. Considering an entrepreneur as a prosumer who may use one-off depreciation of a solar collectors installation as a fixed asset and request for VAT refund is what makes such an investment very attractive in financial terms and makes it difficult to find a safe investment alternative characterised by such a high rate of return.
The Comparison of Ultrasound and Fluoroscopy-guided for Determining Puncture Entry Point of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty
Authors: Ye Sen , Lai Xiaorong , Zhong Lingjian , Yu Changzhang , Chen Yanzhen
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of ultrasound and fluoroscopy-guided for determining the puncture entry point of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). Methods: From November 2018 to December 2019, a total of 50 eligible patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) treated by PVP were retrospectively collected, of which 25 cases were in ultrasound-guided group and the other 25 cases were in fluoroscopy-guided group. Radiation doses, one-time localization success rate, operation time, clinical efficacy and complications incidence were compared between the two groups. Results: Ultimately, 46 patients completed followed-up, whose average follow-up time was 9 months, the dose and times of fluoroscopy and operation time in ultrasound-guided group statically significantly decreased compared with fluoroscopy-guided group (P<0.01). The one-time localization success rate in ultrasound-guided group and fluoroscopy-guided group were 68.2% and 37.5% respectively ( x 2 = 4.33, P=0.037), whose difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the visual analog scale (VAS) scores of back pain relief between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no postoperative complications such as infection, hematoma formation and fracture nonunion observed between the two groups.Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided entry point determination for PVP puncture is safe, which can significantly improve the success rate of one-time localization and decrease radiation exposure and operation time.
PREBIOTIC: A Study Protocol of a Randomised Controlled Trial to Assess Prebiotic Supplementation in Kidney Transplant Recipients for Preventing Infections and Gastrointestinal Upset: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Chan Samuel , Hawley Carmel M , Pascoe Elaine M , Cao Christopher , Campbell Katrina L , Campbell Scott B , Francis Ross S , Hale Rachael , Isbel Nicole M , Morrison Mark , Johnson David W
Published: January 2021

BackgroundModulating the microbiota in the large intestine of kidney transplant recipients through prebiotic supplementation may prevent infectious complications from occurring. To date, there have been no interventional trials which have investigated this novel treatment in kidney transplantation. The aim of PREBIOTIC is to assess the feasibility of performing a randomised controlled trial of prebiotics in reducing infections and gastrointestinal symptoms in kidney transplant recipients.MethodsSixty kidney transplant patients will be recruited to a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised feasibility trial. Patients will be provided with prebiotic therapy or placebo for four to six weeks. Outcomes will include recruitment, adherence, tolerance, retention, laboratory parameters (including serum indoxyl sulphate, ρ-cresyl sulphate and stool collection), patients’ self-assessed quality of life, gastrointestinal symptoms and clinical outcomes.DiscussionThis trial will assess the feasibility of prebiotic supplementation in kidney transplant recipients. Prebiotics may not only alter the gut microbiota and their inherent metabolism and production of uraemic toxins, but may also prevent infections from occurring in kidney transplant recipients.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number ACTRN12618001057279p. The date of registration was 25th June 2018, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375370&isReview=true.
Finite element analysis of double-plate fixation using reversed locking compression-distal femoral plates for Vancouver B1 periprosthetic femoral fractures
Authors: Takahashi Daisuke , Noyama Yoshihiro , Asano Tsuyoshi , Shimizu Tomohiro , Irie Tohru , Terkawi Mohamad Alaa , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: January 2021

Background: Internal fixation is recommended for treating Vancouver B1 periprosthetic femoral fractures. Although several fixation procedures have been developed with high fixation stability and union rates, long-term weight-bearing constructs are still lacking. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the stability of a double-plate procedure using reversed contralateral locking compression-distal femoral plates for fixation of Vancouver B1 periprosthetic femoral fractures under full weight-bearing.Methods: Single- and double-plate fixation procedures for locking compression-distal femoral plates were analysed under an axial load of 1,500 N by finite element analysis and biomechanical loading tests. A vertical loading test was performed to the prosthetic head, and the displacements and strains were calculated based on load-displacement and load-strain curves generated by the static compression tests.Results: The finite element analysis revealed that double-plate fixation significantly reduced stress concentration at the lateral plate place on the fracture site. Under full weight-bearing, the maximum von Mises stress in the lateral plate was 268 MPa. On the other hand, the maximum stress in the single-plating method occurred at the defect level of the femur with a maximum stress value of 1,303 MPa. The principal strains of single- and double-plate fixation were 0.63% and 0.058%, respectively. Consistently, in the axial loading test, the strain values at a 1,500 N loading of the single- and double-plate fixation methods were 1,274.60 ± 11.53 and 317.33 ± 8.03 (× 10-6), respectively.Conclusions: The present study suggests that dual-plate fixation with reversed locking compression-distal femoral plates may be an excellent treatment procedure for patients with Vancouver B1 fractures, allowing for full weight-bearing in the early postoperative period.
To be or not to be: Relationship between grandparent status and health and wellbeing
Authors: Lai Daniel W.L. , Li Jia , Bai Xue
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIt is common for older people to become grandparents in later life. However, the impacts of grandparenting on their health and well-being remain ambiguous, especially in Chinese society, where the family is in the core of culture. The current study explored the relationship between grandparenthood and Chinese older people’s health and psychological well-being in Hong Kong. MethodsCross-sectional data were collected from a sample of 1,208 Hong Kong Chinese older people aged 55 and above through a telephone survey conducted in 2019. Participants were grouped into three categories: current grandparents (n = 507), grandparents-to-be (n = 275), and grandparents-not-to-be (n = 426). Multivariate linear regressions were performed to examine the relationship between grandparenting status and health and well-being outcomes, including self-rated physical health, mental health, resilience, and happiness. The potential moderating roles of older adults’ demographic characteristics, including age, sex, education, marital status, financial status, were also examined. ResultsBivariate analyses suggested statistically significant differences between health and well-being across the three groups of participants. Regression models showed that, compared with grandparents-not-to-be, being a current grandparent was associated with a significantly higher happiness level. Being a future grandparent was associated with significantly higher levels of happiness, resilience, and self-rated physical health. Moderating analyses showed that age, marital status, and educational level could moderate the relationship between grandparent status and resilience and self-rated mental health. ConclusionsThe current study offers preliminary insights into the significant relationship between grandparenthood and older adults’ health and well-being. It calls for future studies to further explore the mechanisms between grandparenthood and the healthy ageing of different subgroups of older adults.
Development of a Managed Clinical Network for Children’s Palliative Care – A Qualitative Evaluation
Authors: Papworth Andrew , Fraser Lorna , Taylor Jo
Published: January 2021

Background Consistent evidence suggests that children’s palliative care is not equitable and managed clinical networks (MCNs) have been recommended as a solution. This study explored the perspectives of health professionals involved in the development of a children’s palliative care MCN, with an aim to identify barriers and enablers of successful implementation.Methods Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 45 healthcare staff with a role in developing the MCN or in the delivery of children’s palliative care (September 2019-March 2020). Results The study explored health professionals’ perceptions of the MCN features that had helped to formalise governance processes, establish training and networking opportunities, standardise practice, and improve collaboration between organisations. These include the funded MCN co-ordinator, committed individuals who lead the MCN, and a governance structure that fosters collaboration. However, the MCN’s development was impeded by cross-cutting barriers including limited funding for the MCN and children’s palliative care more generally, no shared technology, lack of standards and evidence-base for children’s palliative care, and shortage of palliative care staff. These barriers impacted on the MCN’s ability to improve and evaluate palliative care provision and affected member engagement. Competing organisational priorities and differences between NHS and non-NHS members also impeded progress. Training provision was well received, although barriers to access were identified. Conclusions Key features of children’s palliative care can act as barriers to developing a managed clinical network. Managing expectations and raising awareness, providing accessible and relevant training, and sharing early achievements through ongoing evaluation can help to sustain member engagement, which is crucial to a network’s success.
Psychometric validation of the French self and proxy versions of the PedsQLTM 4.0 generic health-related quality of life questionnaire for 8 to 12 year-old children.
Authors: Amedro Pascal , Huguet Helena , Macioce Valerie , Dorka Raphael , Auer Annie , Guillaumont Sophie , Auquier Pascal , Abassi Hamouda , Picot Marie-Christine
Published: January 2021

Background: The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 (PedsQLTM4.0) is a generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire, widely used in pediatric clinical trials but not yet validated in France. We performed the psychometric validation of the self and proxy PedsQLTM4.0 generic questionnaires for French children aged 8 to 12 years old. Methods: Thise bicentric multicenter prospective cross-sectional study included 123 children and their parents with congenital heart disease (CHD) and 97 controls. The psychometric validation method was based on the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN). The reliability was tested using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). To evaluate the validity of this scale, content, face, criterion, and construct validity psychometric proprieties were tested. Acceptability was studied regarding questionnaires’ completion and the existence of a floor or a ceiling effect.Results: Test–retest reliability intra-class correlation coefficients were mainly in good range (0.49-0.66) for both self and proxy reports. Face validity was very good among parents (0.85) and children (0.75). Content validity was good (0.70), despite misinterpretation of some items. In construct validity, each subscale had acceptable goodinternal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α >0.72 in self-reports, >0.69 in proxy-reports). In the confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness-of-fit statistics rejected the original structure with 4 factors. The exploratory factor analysis revealed an alternative two-factor structure corresponding to physical and psychological dimensions. Convergent validity was supported by moderate (>0.41) to high correlations (0.57) between PedsQL and Kidscreeen questionnaires for physical, emotion and school dimensions. The ability of the PedsQL to discriminate CHD severity was better with physical, social and total scores for both self-reports and proxy-reports.Conclusions: The PedsQLTM4.0 generic self and proxy HRQoL questionnaires found good psychometric properties, with regard to acceptability, responsiveness, validity, and reliability. This instrument appeared to be easy to use and comprehend within the target population of children aged 8 to 12 years old and their parents. Trial registration: This study was approved by the South-Mediterranean-IV Ethics Committee and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01202916), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01202916.
Efficacy-specific Herbal Group Detection from Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions via Hierarchical Attentive Neural Network Model
Authors: Chen Li , Liu Xinglong , Zhang Siyuan , Yi Hong , Lu Yongmei , Yao Pan
Published: January 2021

Background: Mining massive prescriptions in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) accumulated in the lengthy period of several thousand years to discover essential herbal groups for distinct eﬃcacies is of signiﬁcance for TCM modernization, thus starting to draw attentions recently. However, most existing methods for the task treat herbs with diﬀerent surface forms orthogonally and determine eﬃcacy-speciﬁc herbal groups based on the raw frequencies an herbal group occur in a collection of prescriptions. Such methods entirely overlook the fact that prescriptions in TCM are formed empirically by diﬀerent people at diﬀerent historical stages, and thus full of herbs with diﬀerent surface forms expressing the same material, or even noisy and redundant herbs.Methods: We propose a two-stage approach for eﬃcacy-speciﬁc herbal group detection from prescriptions in TCM. For the ﬁrst stage we devise a hierarchical attentive neural network model to capture essential herbs in a prescription for its eﬃcacy, where herbs are encoded with dense real-valued vectors learned automatically to identify their diﬀerences on the semantical level. For the second stage, frequent patterns are mined to discover essential herbal groups for an eﬃcacy from distilled prescriptions obtained in the ﬁrst stage.Results: We verify the eﬀectiveness of our proposed approach from two aspects, the ﬁrst one is the ability of the hierarchical attentive neural network model to distill a prescription, and the second one is the accuracy in discovering eﬃcacy-speciﬁc herbal groups.Conclusion: The experimental results demonstrate that the hierarchical attentive neural network model is capable to capture herbs in a prescription essential to its eﬃcacy, and the distilled prescriptions signiﬁcantly could improve the performance of eﬃcacy-speciﬁc herbal group detection.
Does admission prevalence change after reconfiguration of inpatient services? An interrupted time series analysis of the impact of reconfiguration in five centres
Authors: Martin Joanne , Raja Edwin Amalraj , Turner Steve
Published: January 2021

Background. Service reconfiguration of inpatient services in a hospital includes complete and partial closure of all emergency inpatient facilities. The “natural experiment” of service reconfiguration may give insight into drivers for emergency admissions to hospital. This study addressed the question does the prevalence of emergency admission to hospital for children change after reconfiguration of inpatient services?Methods. There were five service reconfigurations in Scottish hospitals between 2004 and 2018 where emergency admissions to one “reconfigured” hospital were halted (permanently or temporarily) and directed to a second “adjacent” hospital. The number of emergency admissions (standardised to /1000 children in the regional population) per month to the “reconfigured” and “adjacent” hospitals was obtained for five years prior to reconfiguration and up to five years afterwards. An interrupted time series analysis considered the association between reconfiguration and admissions across pairs comprised of “reconfigured” and “adjacent” hospitals, with adjustment for seasonality and an overall rising trend in admissions.Results. Of the five episodes of reconfiguration, two were immediate closure, two involved closure only to overnight admissions and one with overnight closure for a period and then closure. In “reconfigured” hospitals there was an average fall of 117 admissions/month [95% CI 78, 156] in the year after reconfiguration compared to the year before, and in “adjacent” hospitals admissions rose by 82/month [32, 131]. Across paired reconfigured and adjacent hospitals, in the months post reconfiguration, the overall number of admissions to one hospital pair slowed, in another pair admissions accelerated, and admission prevalence was unchanged in three pairs. After reconfiguration in one hospital, there was a rise in admissions to a third hospital which was closer than the named “adjacent” hospital. Conclusions. There are diverse outcomes for the number of emergency admissions post reconfiguration of inpatient facilities. Factors including resources placed in the community after local reconfiguration, distance to the “adjacent” hospital and local deprivation may be important drivers for admission pathways after reconfiguration. Policy makers considering reconfiguration might consider a number of factors which may be important determinants of admissions post reconfiguration.
Enriching the nutritive value of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L) crop residues as a ruminant​ feed by lactic acid​ during ensilage
Authors: Hou Zhijiang , Liu Jianyong , Cai Ming , Liu Yanpei , Mu Lan , Gao Yuee , Wanapat Metha , Huang Bizhi
Published: January 2021

Background: Marigold (Tagetes erecta L) accounts for over half of the world's loose flower production, and marigold crop residue (MCR) are abundantly available and should be used as a forage. In this study, MCR from the last commercial flower pickings was ensilaged with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the shift in their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profiles was monitored. Samples were collected at 6 different times during ensilage (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 30 days) to determine and quantify the VOCs changes using a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: After 30 days, the caryophyllene and piperitone, which account for 14.7% and 12.1% of total VOCs, decreased by 32.9% and 9.6% respectively, alcohols increased from 2.8% to 8.1%, and the acetic acid content increased by 560%. Conclusion: We have confirmed LAB can degrade the content of terpenes and enhance the content of alcohols and acids in MCR, which was for the first time on terpene degradation in fodder by ensilage. These results have shed light on our understanding of how to improve fodder odor and to enhance terpene degradation by lactic acid bacteria fermentation.
Unplanned hospital readmission after surgical treatment for thoracic spinal stenosis: incidence and causative factors
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Longjie , Sun Zhuoran , Jiang Shuai , Li Weishi
Published: January 2021

Background To assess the incidence and causative factors of unplanned hospital readmission within 90 days after surgical treatment of thoracic spinal stenosis (TSS).Methods Hospital administrative database was queried to identify patients who underwent surgical treatment of TSS from July 2010 through December 2017. All unplanned readmissions within 90 days of discharge were reviewed for causes and the rate of unplanned readmissions was calculated. Patients of unplanned readmission were matched 1:3 to a control cohort without readmission.Results Twenty-one patients (incidence of 1.7% in 1239 patients) presented unplanned hospital readmission within a 90-day period and enrolled as the study group, 63 non-readmission patients (a proportion of 1: 3) were randomly selected as the control group. Causes of readmission include pseudomeningocele (8 patients; 38%), CSF leakage combined with poor incision healing (6 patients; 29%), wound dehiscence (2 patient; 9%), surgical site infection (2 patients; 9%), spinal epidural hematoma (1 patient; 5%), inadequate original surgical decompression (2 patients; 9%). Mean duration from re-admission to the first surgery was 39.6±28.2 days, most of the patients readmitted at the first 40 days (66.7%, 14/21 patients). When compared to the non-readmitted patients, diagnosis of OPLL+OFL, circumferential decompression, dural injury, long hospital stay were more to be seen in readmitted patients. Conclusions The incidence of 90-day unplanned readmission after surgical treatment for TSS is 1.7%, CSF leakage and pseudomeningocele were the most common causes of readmission, the peak period of readmission occurred from 10 to 40 days after surgery, patients should be closely followed up within this period.
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and its correlation with dysregulation of cytokines in psoriasis patients
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Guo Kun , Shi Linjing , Sun Ting , Geng Songmei
Published: January 2021

Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease associated with multiple comorbidities and substantially diminishes patients’ quality of life. The gut microbiome has become a hot topic in psoriasis as it has been shown to affect both allergy and autoimmunity diseases in recent studies. Our objective was to identify differences in the fecal microbial composition of patients with psoriasis compared with healthy individuals to unravel the microbiota profiling in this autoimmune disease.Results: We collected fecal samples from 30 psoriasis patients and 30 healthy controls, sequenced them by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and identified the gut microbial composition using bioinformatic analyses including Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt). Our results showed that different relative abundance of certain bacterial taxa between psoriasis patients and healthy individuals, including Faecalibacterium and Megamonas, were increased in patients with psoriasis. It’s also implicated that many cytokines act as main effect molecules in the pathology of psoriasis. We selected the inflammation-related indicators that were abnormal in psoriasis patients and found the microbiome variations were associated with the level of them, especially interleukin-2 receptor showed a positive relationship with Phascolarctobacterium and a negative relationship with the dialister. The relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and dialister can be regard as predictors of psoriasis activity. The correlation analysis based on microbiota and Inflammation-related indicators showed that microbiota dysbiosis might induce an abnormal immune response in psoriasis. Conclusions: We concluded that the gut microbiome composition in psoriasis patients has been altered markedly and provides evidence to understand the relationship between gut microbiota and psoriasis. More mechanistic experiments are needed to determine whether the differences observed in gut microbiota are the cause or consequences of psoriasis and whether the relationship between gut microbiota and cytokines was involved.
Use of a technology-based system to motivate older adults in performing physical activity: a feasibility study.
Authors: Knippenberg Els , Timmermans Annick , Palmaers Steven , Spooren Annemie
Published: January 2021

BackgroundMaintaining or initiating regular physical activity (PA) is important for successful aging. Technology-based systems may support and stimulate older adults to initiate and persevere in performing PA. The aim of the current study was to assess to which extent a customised Kinect system is 1) a credible tool to increase PA in older adults, 2) motivating to perform PA by older adults, and 3) easy to be used in older adults. MethodsA mixed-method cross-sectional feasibility study was performed in 5 aged care facilities in Flanders, Belgium. Aged participants were asked to perform a 20-30 minute test with the intelligent Activity-based Client-centred Training (i-ACT) system. After the test, the ‘Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire’ (CEQ), the ‘Intrinsic Motivation Inventory’(IMI), the System Usability Scale (SUS), and semi-structured interviews were conducted in the older adults. Feedback was gathered using the thinking aloud method in both aged participants and healthcare professionals. ResultsA total of 48 older adults (20 males and 28 females, mean age=81.19 (SD=8.10)), were included. The scores pertaining to system credibility and expectancy, system usability, and motivation towards use were moderate to good. Participants reported that they liked using the i-ACT system, but that the context could be more attractive by adding more visualisations. Twelve professionals stated that they observed involvement in older adults but think that i-ACT is better used in day care centres. ConclusionsThis study indicates that i-ACT is a usable and motivational system to engage older adults to perform PA and therefore supports successful aging. Future research is necessary to investigate the efficacy of i-ACT to perform PA and the transfer to regain and/or maintain engagement in ADLs that older adults find meaningful and purposeful at an older age. Also, further development of i-ACT is advisable to adapt the i-ACT system towards implementation at the home of older adults.
Low serum parathyroid hormone is a risk factor for peritonitis episodes in incident peritoneal dialysis patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Da Jingjing , Jiang Yi , Yuan Jing , Zha Yan
Published: January 2021

Background: Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels have been reported to be associated with infectious mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Peritonitis is the most common and fatal infectious complication, resulting in technique failure, hospital admission and mortality. Whether PTH is associated with peritonitis episodes remains unclear.Methods: We examined the association of PTH levels and peritonitis incidence in a 7-year cohort of 270 incident PD patients who were maintained on dialysis between January 2012 and December 2018 using Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Patients were categorized into three groups by serum PTH levels as follows: low-PTH group, PTH<150pg/mL; middle-PTH group, PTH 150-300pg/mL; high-PTH group, PTH>300pg/mL.Results: During a median follow-up of 29.5 (interquartile range 16-49) months, the incidence rate of peritonitis was 0.10 episodes per patient-year. Gram-positive organisms were the most common causative microorganisms (36.2%), and higher percentage of Gram-negative organisms was noted in patients with low PTH levels. Low PTH levels were associated with older age, higher eGFR, higher hemoglobin, calcium levels and lower phosphate, alkaline phosphatase levels. After multivariate adjustment, lower PTH levels were identified as an independent risk factor for peritonitis episodes [hazard ratio 1.643, 95% confidence interval 1.014-2.663, P=0.044].Conclusions: Low PTH levels are independently associated with peritonitis in incident PD patients.
Outcomes of infants born to pregnant women with syphilis: A nationwide study in Korea
Authors: Lim Joohee , Yoon So Jin , Shin Jeong Eun , Han Jungho , Lee Soon Min , Eun Ho Seon , Park Min soo , Park Kook In
Published: January 2021

Background. Despite the expansion of antenatal syphilis screening programs, congenital syphilis (CS) remains a concern. Purpose. This study aimed to analyze the manifestation and progress of CS, including treatment and follow-up, based on a nationwide study. Methods. From the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, a total of 548 infants were examined for CS during their first year of life from 2013 to 2018. Neurosyphilis and complications were investigated using the International Classification of Diseases-10 codes.Results. The birth rate of infants from mothers with syphilis was 2.8 per 10,000 live births for 5 years, which is not indicative of a decreasing trend. Overall, 148 infants were proven or highly probable or possible of having CS with treatment for 10 days; 66 infants were possible or less likely of having CS with only 1-day treatment. Jaundice (56%) was common, followed by hearing impairment (14%), renal disease (8%), and mental retardation (8%). Fourteen cases of neurosyphilis occurred. Infants with complications, including mental retardation, eye involvement, hearing impairment, or renal disease, were significantly associated with neurosyphilis (OR 8.49, P<0.0001). Of 250 patients who received treatment, 92.8% were treated with one medication: benzathine penicillin was used in 73% of patients. Only four patients were re-treated due to treatment failure. In addition to the treponemal test, fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption was the most utilized tool for diagnosis and follow-up. Conclusion. Establishing standardized guidelines for the evaluation of CS, as well as the establishment of treatment regimens and follow up-plans for the disease, at a national level would help improve maternal and neonatal care and facilitate the eradication of CS in Korea.
Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Capsular Serotypes of Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Pneumonic Cases of Cattle in Ethiopia
Authors: Yilma Mirtneh Akalu , Vemulapati Murthy Bhadra , Tefera Takele Abayneh , Yami Martha , Negi Teferi Degefa , Belay Alebachew , Derese Getaw , Leykun Esayas Gelaye
Published: January 2021

Background: Pasteurella multocida is a heterogeneous species and opportunistic pathogen associated with pneumonia in cattle. Losses due to pneumonia and associated expenses are estimated to be higher in Ethiopia with limited information about the distribution of capsular serotypes. Hence, this study was designed to determine the phenotypic and capsular serotypes of P. multocida from pneumonic cases of cattle. Methods: A cross sectional study with purposive sampling method was employed in 400 cattle from April 2018 to January 2019. Nasopharyngeal swabs and lung tissue samples were collected from clinically suspected pneumonic cases of calves (n = 170) and adult cattle (n = 230). Samples were analyzed using bacteriological and molecular assay.Results: Bacteriological analysis revealed isolation of 61 (15.25%) P. multocida subspecies multocida. Incidence was higher in calves 35 (57.38%) compared to adult cattle 26 (42.62%) at P < 0.5. PCR assay targeting KMT1 gene (~460 bp) confirmed P. multocida species. Capsular typing revealed the presence of serogroup A (hyaD-hyaC) gene (~1044 bp) and serogroup D (dcbF) gene (~657 bp) from 56 (91.80%) and 5 (8.20%) isolates, respectively. Isolation of P. multocida serotype A:3 highlights a new evidence in the study areas. Therefore, the current finding suggests further comprehensive studies on microbial diversity of respiratory infection in cattle to design effective control strategy.
Inhibition of Ref(2)P, the Drosophila homologue of the p62/SQSTM1 gene, increases lifespan and leads to a decline in motor function 
Authors: Hurley Emily P. , Staveley Brian Ernest
Published: January 2021

Objective: Sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1) is a multifunctional scaffold/adaptor protein encoded by the p62/SQSTM1 gene with function in cellular homeostasis. Mutations in the p62/SQSTM1 gene have been known to be associated with patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), and Parkinson Disease (PD). The aim of the present study was to create a novel model of human neurogenerative disease in Drosophila melanogaster by altering the expression of Ref(2)P, the Drosophila orthologue of the human p62/SQSTM1 gene. Ref(2)P expression was altered in all neurons, the dopaminergic neurons and in the motor neurons, with longevity and locomotor function assessed over time.Results: Inhibition of Ref(2)P resulted in a significantly increased median lifespan in the motor neurons, followed by a severe decline in motor skills. Inhibition of Ref(2)P in the dopaminergic neurons resulted in a significant, but minimal increase in median lifespan, accompanied by a drastic decline in locomotor function. Inhibition of Ref(2)P in the ddc-Gal4-expressing neurons resulted in a significant increase in median lifespan, while dramatically reducing motor function.
Technology-based Health Solutions for Cancer Caregivers to Better Shoulder the Impact of COVID-19: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Su Zhaohui , McDonnell Dean , Liang Bin , Kue Jennifer , Li Xiaoshan , Šegalo Sabina , Advani Shailesh , Flores Bertha E , Wang Jing
Published: January 2021

Background: Cancer patients are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19, partially owing to their compromised immune systems and curbed or cut cancer healthcare services caused by the pandemic. As a result, cancer caregivers may have to shoulder triple crises: the COVID-19 pandemic, pronounced healthcare needs from the patient, and elevated need for care from within. While technology-based health interventions have the potential to address unique challenges cancer caregivers face amid COVID-19, limited insights are available. Thus, to bridge this gap, we aim to identify technology-based interventions designed for cancer caregivers and report the characteristics and effects of these interventions concerning cancer caregivers' distinctive challenges amid COVID-19. Methods: A systematic search of the literature will be conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus from the database inception to the end of March, 2021. Articles that center on technology-based interventions for cancer caregivers will be included in the review. The search strategy will be developed in consultation with an academic librarian who is experienced in systematic review studies. Titles, abstracts, and full-text articles will be screened against eligibility criteria developed a priori. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses procedures will be followed for the reporting process. Conclusions: COVID-19 has upended cancer care as we know it. Findings of this study can shed light on evidence-based and practical solutions cancer caregivers can utilize to mitigate the unique challenges they face amid COVID-19. Furthermore, results of this study will also offer valuable insights for researchers who aim to develop interventions for cancer caregivers in the context of COVID-19. In addition, we also expect to be able to identify areas for improvement that need to be addressed in order for health experts to more adequately help cancer caregivers weather the storm of global health crises like COVID-19 and beyond. Study Protocol Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020196301
Petunia (Petunia ×hybrida) Cultivars Vary in Silicon Accumulation and Distribution
Authors: Boldt Jennifer K. , Altland James E.
Published: January 2021

Silicon (Si) is a plant-beneficial element that can alleviate the effects of abiotic and biotic stress. Plants are typically classified as Si accumulators based on foliar Si concentrations (≥1% Si on a dry weight basis for accumulators). By this definition, most greenhouse-grown ornamentals are low Si accumulators. However, plants that accumulate low foliar Si concentrations may still accumulate high Si concentrations elsewhere in the plant. Additionally, screening cultivars for variability in Si uptake has not been investigated for low Si accumulator species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess cultivar variability in Si accumulation and distribution in petunia (Petunia ×hybrida). Eight cultivars (Supertunia Black Cherry, Supertunia Limoncello, Supertunia Priscilla, Supertunia Raspberry Blast, Supertunia Royal Velvet, Supertunia Sangria Charm, Supertunia Vista Silverberry, and Supertunia White Improved) were grown in a commercial peat-based soilless substrate under typical greenhouse conditions. They were supplemented with either 2 mm potassium silicate (+Si) or potassium sulfate (-Si) at every irrigation. Silicon supplementation increased leaf dry mass (4.5%) but did not affect total dry mass. In plants not receiving Si supplementation, leaf Si ranged from 243 to 1295 mg·kg−1, stem Si ranged from 48 to 380 mg·kg−1, flower Si ranged from 97 to 437 mg·kg−1, and root Si ranged from 103 to 653 mg·kg−1. Silicon supplementation increased Si throughout the plant, but most predominantly in the roots. Leaf Si in the 2 mm Si treatment ranged from 1248 to 3541 mg·kg−1 (173% to 534% increase), stem Si ranged from 195 to 654 mg·kg−1 (72% to 376% increase), flower Si ranged from 253 to 1383 mg·kg−1 (74% to 1082% increase), and root Si ranged from 4018 to 10,457 mg·kg−1 (593% to 9161% increase). The large increase in root Si following supplementation shifted Si distribution within plants. In nonsupplemented plants, it ranged from 51.2% to 76.8% in leaves, 8.2% to 40.2% in stems, 2.8% to 23.8% in flowers, and 1.2% to 13.8% in roots. In Si-supplemented plants, it ranged from 63.5% to 67.7% in leaves, 10.5% to 22.6% in roots, 9.4% to 17.7% in stems, and 1.6% to 9.6% in flowers. This study indicates that petunia, a low foliar Si accumulator, can accumulate appreciable quantities of Si in roots when provided supplemental Si.