bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of methodologies for studying behavioral imprinting
Authors: Chamberlain Mac L. , Kacelnik Alex , Bush Autumn , Hauber Mark E.
Published: October 2023

Behavioral imprinting is a learning phenomenon by which animals acquire preferences for stimuli through perceptual exposure during critical periods, without substantial external reinforcement. Since being acknowledged in 1516 by Sir Thomas More in artificially incubated domestic chickens, imprinting has been reported in diverse species, across various sensory modalities, and during different life‐history stages. Due to this diversity, imprinting research uses highly varied methodologies, with distinctive differences between the methods employed for different types of imprinting. We systematically review relevant literature, identifying and describing the range of methodologies used to study imprinting across taxa and modalities. After compiling a representative dataset of 192 behavioral imprinting‐focused experiments, we categorize studies by imprinting sensory modality, focal species, ontogenetic stage addressed, and methods applied for both exposure and testing. The majority of studies in the sample focus on filial imprinting in precocial birds but nonfilial types, such as sexual or home range imprinting in altricial and non‐avian species, are also present, albeit at far lower proportions. Filial imprinting is studied across different sensory modalities, mostly through applying artificial stimuli, but nonfilial imprinting studies mainly use live animals as stimuli, without isolating the relevant sensory modalities. Most studies of filial imprinting measure preference by spatial proximity, following response, or the suppression of a fear response, whereas most studies of sexual imprinting employ the attempt frequency of sexual behaviors. Finally, we analyze the relative frequencies of methodological approaches in each imprinting category, to highlight potential biases due to uneven research effort rather than intrinsic biology. The patterns and biases in imprinting methodologies that we uncover hamper attempts to establish whether different forms of imprinting share mechanistic foundations, including whether imprinting constitutes a biologically meaningful learning category.
Poetic encounters in field work
Authors: Jensen Tommy , Mahmud Yashar
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we seek to belong to the “writing differently” turn in organization studies. We argue that writing poetry when doing field work is a way of disrupting and unsettling the objective scientific gaze, the scientific ideal of experiencing the world, and of opening for the Buberian world—the world as an encounter in itself. A tension framed by Buber as I‐It and I‐You. Rather than merely arguing that poetry can help us understand the world differently, we argue that poetry can help us encounter the world differently. Further, by telling two field work stories, we show that poetry can help the researcher to remain human in the field. Having hope in writing poetry when doing field work transcends the more politically and individually oriented engaged ethnography, realizing that field work as encounter—I and You—holds the possibility of not only companionship, trust, mercy, cooperation, forming of joint causes, dreams but also betrayal, plundering, exploitation, and force.
Success factors and barriers in interprofessional collaboration between dental hygienists and dietitians in community‐dwelling older people: Focus group interviews
Authors: Hollaar Vanessa R. Y. , Naumann Elke , Haverkort Elizabeth B. , Jerković‐Ćosić Katarina , Kok Wilhelmina E. , Schueren Marian A. E. de van der
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Poor nutritional status can impair oral health while poor oral health can influence the individual's dietary intake, which may result in malnutrition. This interaction between nutritional status and oral health in older age requires attention, coordination and collaboration between healthcare professionals. This qualitative study explores dental hygienists' and dietitians' opinions about current collaboration with the aim of identifying success factors and barriers to this interprofessional collaboration.

Methods

Three focus group interviews were held with Dutch dental hygienists and dietitians about nutritional and oral healthcare in community‐dwelling older people.

Results

In total, 9 dietitians and 11 dental hygienists participated in three online focus group interviews. Dental hygienists and dietitians seldom collaborated or consulted with each other. They struggled with the professional boundaries of their field of expertise and experienced limited knowledge about the scope of practice of the other profession, resulting in conflicting information to patients about nutrition and oral health. Interprofessional education was scarce during their professional training. Organizational and network obstacles to collaborate were recognized, such as limitations in time, reimbursement and their professional network that often does not include a dietitian or dental hygienist.

Conclusion

Dental hygienists and dietitians do not collaborate or consult each other about (mal)nutrition or oral health in community‐dwelling older people. To establish interprofessional collaboration, they need to gain knowledge and skills about nutrition and oral health to effectively recognize problems in nutritional status and oral health. Interprofessional education for healthcare professionals is needed to stimulate interprofessional collaboration to improve care for older people.
Notes towards a pedagogy of be‐longing: Rewilding art and design education
Authors: Poole Si
Published: October 2023

This article reflects on 4 years of research activities in the fields of horticulture and creative praxis. The initial project was a personal one and set out with a simple methodology of collecting, observing, and recording a specific genus of plants, that of Mentha. But as the specific question of whether a garden can, or should, be thought of as a work of art was raised it developed into an interactive, more‐than‐human dynamic between the researcher and multiple species. Ultimately, this led to a consideration of the positionality and interactions of the creative practitioner as critical, in order to develop a transdisciplinary praxis that explores the ecological and transformative potential of learning and healing through gardening. Through a reflexive narrative approach, the role of gardening in education, therefore, is positioned as an art and design praxis and as a partial remedy for several salient, contemporary global issues and challenges. A praxis that if not the complete remedy might at least help, in part, to remedy the damaging ecological experiences of adult and child learners alike, and as such, this article concludes with a provocation for teachers as artists and activists.
LncRNA SNHG15 regulates autophagy and prevents cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury through mediating miR‐153‐3p/ATG5 axis
Authors: Yu Yunhu , Cai Yunpeng , Zhou Hang
Published: October 2023

Ischaemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease. Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) of small nucleolar RNA host gene (SNHG15) has been supposedly performed a regulatory role in many diseases. Nonetheless, the function of SNHG15 in cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury has not been clarified. The OGD/R of Neuro2A cells simulated the ischaemic and reperfused states of the brain. Neuro2a cell line with stable transfection of plasmid with silent expression of SNHG15 was constructed. Neuro2a cell lines transfected with miR‐153‐3p mimic (miR‐153‐3p‐mimics) and miR‐153‐3p inhibitor (miR‐153‐3p‐inhibition) were constructed. Expression of SNHG15, mi R‐200a, FOXO3 and ATG7 in mouse brain tissue and N2a cells was identified by qRT‐PCR. Western blot (WB) analysis of mouse brain tissue and Neuro2a cells revealed the presence of the proteins ATG5, Cle‐caspase‐3, Bax, Bcl‐2, LC3 II/I and P62 (WB). The representation and distribution of LC3B were observed by immunofluorescence. The death of cells was measured using a technique called flow cytometry (FACS). SNHG15 was highly expressed in cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury model. Down‐regulation of SNHG15 lead to lower apoptosis rate and decreased autophagy. Dual luciferase assay and co‐immunoprecipitation (CoIP) found lncRNA SNHG15/miR‐153‐3p/ATG5. Compared to cells transfected with NC suppression, cells transfected with miR‐153‐3p‐inhibition had substantially greater overexpression of LC 3 II/I, ATG5, cle‐Caspase‐3, and Bax, as determined by a recovery experiment, the apoptosis rate was elevated, yet both P62 and Bcl‐2 were significantly lower and LC3+ puncta per cells were significantly increased. Co‐transfection of miR‐153‐3p‐inhibition and sh‐SNHG15 could reverse these results. LncRNA SNHG15 regulated autophagy and prevented cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury through mediating the miR‐153‐3p/ATG5 axis.
Parental psychopathology and posttraumatic stress in Puerto Ricans: the role of childhood adversity and parenting practices
Authors: Zhen‐Duan Jenny , Alvarez Kiara , Zhang Lulu , Cruz‐Gonzalez Mario , Kuo Josephine , Falgas‐Bagué Irene , Bird Hector , Canino Glorisa , Duarte Cristiane S. , Alegría Margarita
Published: October 2023

Background

Parental psychopathology is associated with their children's posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, the mechanisms through which this occurs remain unclear. We hypothesized that exposure to childhood adversities is the mechanism linking parental psychopathology to child PTSS and that parenting practices moderated these associations.

Methods

Participants (N = 1,402) with an average age of 24.03 years old (SD = 2.20), were all Puerto Ricans (50% Male and 50% Female) from the Boricua Youth Study, which is a four‐wave longitudinal study spanning almost 20 years, following individuals from childhood (ages 5–13 at Wave 1) to young adulthood. Measured variables include parental psychopathology at Wave 1, childhood adversities and parenting practices at Waves 2–3, and PTSS at Wave 4. A traditional mediation model estimated the association between parental psychopathology and child PTSS via childhood adversities. A moderated mediation model was used to examine whether parenting practices moderated this mediation model.

Results

Results showed that the total effect of parental psychopathology at Wave 1 on PTSS at Wave 4 was fully mediated by childhood adversities at Waves 2–3 (direct effect b = 1.72, 95% CI = [−0.09, 3.83]; indirect effect b = 0.40, 95% CI = [0.15, 0.81]). In addition, the magnitude of this pathway varied by levels of parenting practices (i.e. parental monitoring and parent–child relationship quality). Specifically, the indirect effect of additional adversities in the psychopathology‐PTSS link was stronger with higher levels of parental monitoring but weaker with higher parent–child relationship quality scores.

Conclusions

Intergenerational continuity of psychopathology may be mitigated through the prevention of additional childhood adversities via upstream interventions, emphasizing providing parents with mental health needs with parenting tools. Family‐based interventions focused on providing families with the tools to improve parent–child relationships may reduce the negative impact of childhood adversities on mental health across the life course.
Promoting resilience in ginger: Elicitor‐driven strategies to combat the rhizome rot disease
Authors: Archana T. S. , Mesta R. K. , Basavarajappa M. P. , Kiran Kumar K. C.
Published: October 2023

Ginger rhizome rot is one of the most important diseases brought about by the interaction of various pathogens. The present study revealed the association of Pythium aphanidermatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Ralstonia solanacearum and Meloidogyne hapla causing the rhizome rot of ginger. The use of specific primers revealed the species‐level identification of the pathogen and Koch postulates proved the pathogenicity of individual pathogen. Till date, there are no resistant varieties available and the available management strategies are cumbersome because of the complex nature of pathogens involved. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of different elicitors to induce resistance against complex pathogens. External application of elicitors resulted in higher expression of defence response genes such as the ethylene responsive transcription factor, HMGR, HMGS, HSP, ABC, MLO, WRKY, callose synthase, glucanase and PR‐5. All the genes were expressed in higher folds as compared to zero hours during the real‐time PCR analysis. External application of methyl jasmonate as prophylactic manner resulted in reduced per cent disease incidence and rhizome rot as compared to curative treatments.
Is snoozing losing? Why intermittent morning alarms are used and how they affect sleep, cognition, cortisol, and mood
Authors: Sundelin Tina , Landry Shane , Axelsson John
Published: October 2023

Pressing the snooze button is a common way to start the day, but little is known about this behaviour. Through two studies we determined predictors and effects of snoozing. In Study 1 (n = 1732) respondents described their waking habits, confirming that snoozing is widespread, especially in younger individuals and later chronotypes. Morning drowsiness and shorter sleep were also more common for those who snooze. Study 2 was a within‐subjects laboratory study (with polysomnography) on habitual snoozers (n = 31), showing that 30 min of snoozing improved or did not affect performance on cognitive tests directly upon rising compared to an abrupt awakening. Bayes factors indicate varying strengths of this evidence. Snoozing resulted in about 6 min of lost sleep, while preventing awakenings from slow‐wave sleep (N3). There were no clear effects of snoozing on the cortisol awakening response, morning sleepiness, mood, or overnight sleep architecture. A brief snooze period may thus help alleviate sleep inertia, without substantially disturbing sleep, for late chronotypes and those with morning drowsiness.
Connecting Reading Research on with Educational Practice and Policy
Authors: Supplee Lauren H.
Published: October 2023

There is a well‐known gap between research and practice. While there are investments in some strategies to address this gap, they are often not drawing from the existing research on how to improve research use. This article shares what we understand about the many ways research is used in education, why educators may use research, and under what conditions research is used in policy and practice. If scientists understand the levers that support research use, they may be able to create research that is more useful to decision‐makers and share that research through effective strategies such as using boundary spanners, individuals who straddle both the research and practice worlds. The article concludes by sharing some examples of promising strategies to improve the use of research in education such as research–practice partnerships.
Executive Function, Academic Skills, and Learning Disabilities: Integrative Commentary
Authors: Landi Nicole
Published: October 2023

This special issue of Mind, Brain, and Education includes articles on the role of executive functions (EFs) in academic skills and learning disabilities, a commentary on the construct of EF and the neurobiology of reading, and a commentary on connecting research to practice. These products are the result of a weeklong TDF (The Dyslexia Foundation) conference in Bermuda, during the summer of 2022. Each paper in the second half of this issue considers EFs from a different perspective or relates them to a different academic skill or outcome (e.g., reading, math, response to intervention). In this commentary, I discuss how consideration of EFs improves our understanding of individual differences in academic skills and learning disabilities, such as reading disability (RD) and math disability (MD). I also discuss the implications of the reported findings and ideas for improving future research, practice, and policy.
Aquinas on The Distinction Between Esse and Esse: How the Name ‘Esse’ Can Signify Essence
Authors: Doolan Gregory T.
Published: October 2023

In a number of texts throughout his career, Thomas Aquinas identifies different senses of the term ‘esse’. Most notably, he notes that according to one sense, the term signifies the act of existence (actus essendi), which he famously holds is really distinct from essence in all beings other than God. Perhaps surprisingly, he also notes on a number of occasions that according to another sense, the term ‘esse’ can signify that very principle that he says is distinct from the act of existence, namely, essence. In light of Aquinas's semantic theory, this paper investigates how he coherently holds within his metaphysical system that this term ‘esse’ can signify in different ways both essence and the act of existence. More broadly, what it shows is how, for Aquinas, the metaphysician can look to the modes of signification (modi significandi) of terms and as well as their modes of predication (modi praedicandi) to draw careful conclusions about the modes of existence (modi essendi) of real beings. These considerations reveal that in Aquinas's view, although the grammarian and logician in their way are also concerned with these semantic modes, it is not their job to employ them to discern the various senses of the term ‘being’ or the fundamental modes of being. In the end, this is a task for the metaphysician.
Negotiation Power: How Humanitarian Frontliners Get Things Done with Hard Bargainers
Authors: Lempereur Alain
Published: October 2023

Hard bargainers are known to dictate terms. Humanitarian frontliners confront them daily. Some state and nonstate counterparts, guided by military necessity, are deemed so overpowering that it seems impossible to negotiate humanitarian necessity with them. And yet, humanitarians leverage negotiations with quite an edge. They construct working relationships and creative solutions to get access and deliver humanitarian aid to those affected by conflict. Humanitarians shape a responsible approach that can enrich the understanding of negotiation power. Guided by humanitarian principles, they do not exercise a power over anyone but leverage a power of getting things done with counterparts, through relational, transactional, and process moves. The purpose of this article is both descriptive and prescriptive. On the one hand, it provides examples to document humanitarian negotiation practices of empowerment and to contribute to a general theory of negotiation power. On the other hand, the article provides some recommendations from negotiation theory to empower humanitarians. Indirectly, by analyzing and supporting the power of humanitarian frontliners, this article also aims at refining the reflection and action of every negotiator when confronted with tough bargainers.
What about the Middle? Thinking Systematically about Localization
Authors: Wingender Leslie , Méndez María Lucía
Published: October 2023

Colombia offers a unique case study for the localization debate. Unlike in other conflict‐affected countries, international nongovernmental organizations are not the main channel through which international aid flows. Instead, Colombia has strong state capacity and a historically well‐established civil society, including national‐ and regional‐level social organizations, think tanks, universities, and community‐based organizations throughout the country, all of which have extensive experience working for peace, security, and human rights. Particularly, the national‐level organizations, such as think tanks, human rights organizations, and peace organizations, are not “community‐based” because they do not represent a single community or population, but work at the national level, with deep connections to different communities and regions. Arguably, these “middle” organizations are considered local in the localization literature but with national‐level operational capacity. However, this type of organization does not seem to fit within the localization narrative, and the role of these organizations is largely hidden from the debate. More so, the very processes and mechanisms through which international aid is disbursed in Colombia detract from these national‐level organizations' ability to grow and meet their missions. This article aims to pull out how “middle” or national‐level organizations in Colombia face five key constraints to tailoring aid so that it is accessible to local communities and local organizations. It then presents a deep dive into how one national‐level organization engaged with an American philanthropy to create a transformed way of working in partnership and develop a new model for systemic collaboration and networks in Colombia. It ends with recommendations for how to continue to adapt the localization debate into meaningful action through partnerships throughout the Colombian and global ecosystems.
Effectiveness of CT‐guided percutaneous cordotomy in intractable cancer pain: Experience in 14 patients
Authors: Akbaş Mert , Dağıstan Gözde
Published: October 2023

Background

Severe and treatment‐resistant pain is a major issue for patients with cancer. Cordotomy is an effective approach for addressing severe cancer‐related pain. It is based on blocking the transmission of pain by damaging the lateral spinothalamic tract.

Methods

Computed tomography guided cordotomy was performed on 14 patients who did not respond to medical and interventional pain management methods.

Results

Fourteen patients with cancer pain underwent CT‐guided percutaneous cordotomy. Pain relief was reported in 86% of the patients. The visual analog scale values before and after cordotomy were compared and a significant difference was found (p = 0.0001). The improvement in the Karnofsky Performance Scale score of the patients was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.0001).

Conclusion

We believe that CT‐guided cordotomy, performed by experienced hands in a team of experienced individuals and applied to the right patients, is an effective treatment. However, it is crucial to exercise extreme caution regarding potential side effects and serious complications during the cordotomy procedure.
Cardiac psychophysiological tuning to socioaffective content is disrupted in aged rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Santistevan Anthony C. , Moadab Gilda , Fiske Olivia , Nord Christina M. , Isaacowitz Derek M. , Bliss‐Moreau Eliza
Published: October 2023

Aging ushers in numerous disruptions to autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. Although the effects of aging on ANS function at rest are well characterized, there is surprising variation in reports of age‐related differences in ANS reactivity to psychosocial stressors, with some reports of decreases and other reports of increases in reactivity with age. The sources of variation in age‐related differences are largely unknown. Nonhuman primate models of socioaffective aging may help to uncover sources of this variation as nonhuman primates share key features of human ANS structure and function and researchers have precise control over the environments in which they age. In this report, we assess how response patterns to dynamic socioaffective stimuli in the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) ANS differ in aged compared to middle‐aged monkeys. We find that respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a cardiac indicator of activity in the parasympathetic branch of the ANS, exhibits age‐related disruptions in responding while monkeys view videos of conspecifics. This suggests that there are evolutionarily conserved mechanisms responsible for the patterns of affective aging observed in humans and that aged rhesus monkeys are a robust translational model for human affective aging.
Accounting for seedling performance from nursery to outplanting when reforesting degraded tropical peatlands
Authors: Harrison Mark E. , Brugues Sintes Pau , Kusin Kitso , Katoppo Daniel R. , Marchant Nicholas C. , Morrogh‐Bernard Helen C. , Nasir Darmae , Ripoll Capilla Bernat , Salahudin  , Suppan Laura , van Veen F. J. Frank , Smith Stuart W.
Published: October 2023

Reforestation is promoted to address the dual global climate and biodiversity crises. This is particularly relevant for carbon‐rich, biodiverse tropical peatlands, for which active reforestation typically involves two post‐germination stages: nursery rearing of seedlings, then outplanting. Yet, linkages between these stages and cumulative seedling performance are rarely quantified during tropical peatland reforestation. By monitoring tree seedling survival and growth, we investigate factors influencing seedling performance (species identity, seedling source, treatments, and climate), whether nursery performance predicts outplanting performance, and calculate cumulative survival (nursery plus outplanting) in Sebangau National Park, Indonesian Borneo. Standardized survival at 2 years was higher in the nursery (mean 67% across 40 species) than outplanting (44% across 24 species). For nursery and outplanting, species identity was the main source of variation in survival and height growth. Seedling source, treatments, site condition, and precipitation had no significant impact on survival but did influence growth in some cases. Nursery survival did not predict outplanting survival, but nursery height did predict outplanting height. Across species, around a quarter of seedlings survived from nursery to outplanting over 4 years. Cumulative survival represents a more realistic basis for assessing the genetic and other resource costs of tropical peatland reforestation. Our two‐phase approach identified outplanting as the greater bottleneck to cumulative seedling survivability. We argue that the nursery stage may be used to harden seedlings for degraded peatland conditions by selecting more relevant treatments (e.g. flooding) and screening for resilience to common disturbances (e.g. fire) to enhance outplanted, and thus cumulative, seedling survival.
Effect of audio and virtual reality distraction on the dental anxiety of children with mild intellectual disability
Authors: Mehrotra Deepshikha , Shetty Amarshree A. , Rai Kavita , Kumara
Published: October 2023

Background and Aim

Intellectual disability, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically manifests early in childhood and consists of both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains. It can be categorized into mild, moderate, severe, and profound based on its severity. Cognitive impairment may be observed predominantly in children with intellectual disabilities. Marked deficits in areas of learning, planning, communication, social participation, and personal independence in children with mild intellectual disabilities make behavior guidance and communication a challenge during dental treatments. The aim was to evaluate and compare the use of two different distraction tools, audio, and virtual reality (VR) on the dental anxiety of children with mild intellectual disability during dental treatment.

Methods

Twenty children diagnosed with mild intellectual disability were equally divided into two groups. A cross‐over study design consisting of two appointments 1 month apart was employed. In the first appointment, audio and VR distractions were provided to participants in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, and the distraction tools provided to the participants were interchanged in the second appointment. A trained observer recorded physiological parameters (pulse rate and oxygen saturation) and observational parameters (Venham's anxiety rating scale) during both appointments at three‐time intervals. Statistical intra‐group and inter‐group comparison analyses were performed using Friedman's and Mann–Whitney U tests.

Results

A decrease in pulse, increase in oxygen saturation levels, and a decrease in Venham's Anxiety Rating Scores (statistically significant p < .05 / highly significant p < .01) was observed on introducing the distraction techniques in Groups 1 and 2 in both appointments. A statistically non‐significant difference (p > .05) in physiological and observational parameters was observed between Groups 1 and 2 in both appointments.

Conclusion

Audio and VR distraction techniques can be employed for behavior guidance in children with mild intellectual disability during restorative dental procedures.
Contraceptive Intentions and Use throughout the Extended Postpartum Period: A Panel Study in Ethiopia
Authors: Magalona Sophia , Karp Celia , Shiferaw Solomon , Seme Assefa , Lulu Birikty , Yihdego Mahari , Zimmerman Linnea
Published: October 2023

The postpartum period is an ideal time for women to access contraception, but the prevalence of postpartum contraceptive use remains low in sub‐Saharan Africa. To better understand the gap between women's desires to space or limit births and their contraceptive behaviors, intention to use contraception has been proposed as a person‐centered measure of contraceptive demand. Using data from a panel study of Ethiopian women aged 15–49 who were interviewed at six weeks, six months, and one year postpartum, we examined the dynamics of contraceptive intention in the first year postpartum and its relationship with contraceptive use. Contraceptive intention fluctuated considerably in the year after childbirth. At six weeks, 60.9 percent of women intended to use a contraceptive method in the next year; 23.2% did not. By one year, less than half (43.5 percent) were using a method, and those who had no intention to use doubled (44.5 percent). Women who developed or sustained their intention to use a method in the postpartum period were more likely to adopt a method by one year than those who did not, showing that contraceptive intention is a strong predictor of use and has the potential to inform person‐centered reproductive health programming in the extended postpartum period.
Tension and disordered eating behaviors in the daily lives of adolescents and young adults from the general population: Associations and moderating role of trait emotion regulation
Authors: Peschel Stephanie K. V. , Fürtjes Sophia , Sigrist Christine , Voss Catharina , Berwanger Johanna , Ollmann Theresa M. , Kische Hanna , Rückert Frank , Koenig Julian , Pieper Lars , Beesdo‐Baum Katja
Published: October 2023

Experiences of tension and difficulties in emotion regulation have been linked to eating pathology in clinical samples and are targeted in respective treatment approaches. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of tension on engagement in disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) and potential moderating effects of trait emotion regulation in young people from the general population. A subsample of 971 adolescents and young adults from an epidemiological cohort study reported on levels of tension and four different DEBs (skipping eating, restrained eating, eating large amounts of food, loss‐of‐control‐eating) via ecological momentary assessment (EMA), as well as on trait emotion regulation via questionnaire. In multilevel models, momentary tension did not predict levels of subsequent DEBs. However, higher average levels of tension across the EMA period predicted higher levels of all DEBs. No interactions with emotion regulation emerged. Individuals experiencing overall higher levels of tension appear to be more prone to engaging in DEBs.
Longitudinal associations between pet relationship quality and socio‐emotional functioning in early adolescence
Authors: Mueller Megan K. , Callina Kristina S. , Richer Amanda M. , Charmaraman Linda
Published: October 2023

Adolescence is a key developmental period for socio‐emotional skills, and companion animal relationships may be one potential source of emotional support and resilience during this time. This study used longitudinal data from 940 pet‐owning adolescents, collected over four‐time points, from youth in the Northeastern United States. We assessed whether pet relationship quality (indexed by relationship satisfaction, companionship, and emotional disclosure) predicted trajectories of loneliness, social anxiety, and depression. Results indicated that high satisfaction with a pet relationship was associated with more favorable trajectories, but companionship (i.e., regarding the frequency of interacting with the pet) was not related significantly to socio‐emotional functioning. High levels of disclosure to a pet were linked with less favorable trajectories for loneliness and depression, but not related to social anxiety. These results suggest that a pet relationship can, in some cases, be associated positively with socio‐emotional development, but that there is significant complexity in these associations. Families, educators, and practitioners should take a nuanced approach to understanding individual adolescent‐pet relationships as a contextual asset for specific youth.
Whole genome methylation sequencing reveals epigenetic landscape and abnormal expression of FABP5 in extramammary Paget's disease
Authors: Kang Ziwei , Jiang Long , Chen Diyan , Yan Guorong , Zhang Guolong , Lai Yongxian , Zeng Qingyu , Wang Xiuli
Published: October 2023

Background

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate after surgery. However, the genetic and epigenetic alterations underlying its pathogenesis remain unknown. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification involved in many biological processes.

Methods

In this study, enzymatic methyl‐sequencing (EM‐seq) technique was used to investigate the landscape of genome‐wide DNA methylation from three pairs of tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of patients with EMPD. Additionally, we conducted histopathological examinations to assess the expression of fatty acid‐binding protein 5 (FABP5) in another three paired samples from EMPD patients.

Results

The cluster analysis showed the good quality of the samples. A differential methylation region (DMR) heat map was used to quantitatively characterize genome‐wide methylation differences between tumors and controls. Global DNA methylation level is lower in EMPD tissue compared to matched controls, indicating that DNA methylation discriminates between tumor and normal skin. And the top hypomethylation gene on the promoter region in tumor tissues was FABP5 on chromosome 8 with 38.44% decreased median methylation. We next identified the expression of FABP5 in paired tumors and adjacent tissues in three additional patients with EMPD. Immunofluorescence results showed FABP5 highly expressed in tumor tissues and co‐located with CK7, CK20 and EMA. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed DMR genes on promoter are mainly enriched in the calcium ion transport, GTPase mediated signal transduction, Rap1 signaling pathway and GnRH signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Taken together, our findings provide the first description of the whole genome methylation map of EMPD and identify FABP5 as a pathogenic target of EMPD.
Learning from COVID‐19: Research education in troubling times
Authors: Coe Michael , Jones David , Kiley Anna , Hester Carolyn , Ward Tony
Published: October 2023

The United Nations has identified the COVID‐19 pandemic as the largest global disruption of education in history. Collaborative and hands‐on learning activities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics were particularly challenging to maintain during this period. Future large‐scale disruptions of schools are considered likely, leading to questions about how educators can be better prepared. Since 2019, the REACH program has worked with schools in Montana, Idaho, Alaska, and Hawaii to educate students about air quality and health. The program also provides a framework and support for teachers to incorporate rudimentary student‐led scientific field research in middle and high school science courses. Through student and teacher surveys, we inquired about how the pandemic affected program experiences during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 school years. Responses from 416 students and 31 teachers showed both difficulties and adaptive capacity in implementing the REACH program during COVID‐19‐related restrictions. It is encouraging to appreciate the resilience of students and teachers as they adapted to emergency remote teaching and learning strategies. However, the extent and the specific kinds of difficulties they encountered may inform efforts to help schools and teachers become better prepared for potential future events that may disrupt in‐classroom learning.
Temporal regulation of transgene expression controlled by amino acid availability in human T cells
Authors: Dougé Aurore , Vituret Cyrielle , Carraro Valérie , Parry Laurent , Coudy‐Gandilhon Cécile , Lemal Richard , Combaret Lydie , Maurin Anne‐Catherine , Averous Julien , Jousse Céline , Bay Jacques‐Olivier , Verrelle Pierre , Fafournoux Pierre , Bruhat Alain , Rouzaire Paul
Published: October 2023

T cell therapy strategies, from allogeneic stem cell transplantation toward genetically‐modified T cells infusion, develop powerful anti‐tumor effects but are often accompanied by side effects and their efficacy remains sometimes to be improved. It therefore appears important to provide a flexible and easily reversible gene expression regulation system to control T cells activity. We developed a gene expression regulation technology that exploits the physiological GCN2‐ATF4 pathway's ability to induce gene expression in T cells in response to one essential amino acid deficiency. We first demonstrated the functionality of NUTRIREG in human T cells by transient expression of reporter genes. We then validated that NUTRIREG can be used in human T cells to transiently express a therapeutic gene such as IL‐10. Overall, our results represent a solid basis for the promising use of NUTRIREG to regulate transgene expression in human T cells in a reversible way, and more generally for numerous preventive or curative therapeutic possibilities in cellular immunotherapy strategies.
Open source map matching with Markov decision processes: A new method and a detailed benchmark with existing approaches
Authors: Wöltche Adrian
Published: October 2023

Map matching is a widely used technology for mapping tracks to road networks. Typically, tracks are recorded using publicly available Global Navigation Satellite Systems, and road networks are derived from the publicly available OpenStreetMap project. The challenge lies in resolving the discrepancies between the spatial location of the tracks and the underlying road network of the map. Map matching is a combination of defined models, algorithms, and metrics for resolving these differences that result from measurement and map errors. The goal is to find routes within the road network that best represent the given tracks. These matches allow further analysis since they are freed from the noise of the original track, they accurately overlap with the road network, and they are corrected for impossible detours and gaps that were present in the original track. Given the ongoing need for map matching in mobility research, in this work, we present a novel map matching method based on Markov decision processes with Reinforcement Learning algorithms. We introduce the new Candidate Adoption feature, which allows our model to dynamically resolve outliers and noise clusters. We also incorporate an improved Trajectory Simplification preprocessing algorithm for further improving our performance. In addition, we introduce a new map matching metric that evaluates direction changes in the routes, which effectively reduces detours and round trips in the results. We provide our map matching implementation as Open Source Software (OSS) and compare our new approach with multiple existing OSS solutions on several public data sets. Our novel method is more robust to noise and outliers than existing methods and it outperforms them in terms of accuracy and computational speed.
Infectious etiologies among post‐donation deferrals in a military blood donation center
Authors: Kwon Somin , Casleton Brian G. , Rivera Glorimar Z. , Gella Melita M. , Winkler Erin L. , Kieffer John W. , Osuna Angela B. , Casey Theresa M. , Yun Heather C. , Marcus Joseph E.
Published: October 2023

Background

The burden of transfusion‐transmitted infections among blood recipients remains low due to extensive pre‐ and post‐donation screening. However, the military has the unique challenge of providing blood in austere environments with limited testing capabilities. This study evaluates the infectious etiologies of deferred blood donors at a large military blood donation center.

Methods

All blood donors at the Armed Service Blood Bank Center, San Antonio, between 2017 and 2022 with positive post‐donation screening for hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV‐I/II), Zika (2018–2021), West Nile virus, Trypanosoma cruzi, Treponema pallidum, or Babesia microti (2020–2022) were evaluated. Donors were deferred based on Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance.

Results

Two‐hundred and thirteen (213) donors met FDA criteria for deferral. T. pallidum (n = 45, 50.3 per 100,000), HCV (n = 34, 38.0 per 100,000), and HBV (n = 19, 21.2 per 100,000) were the most common pathogens among those with both positive screening and confirmatory testing. The majority of HIV (95%), Chagas (78%), HTLV‐I/II (50%) deferrals were due to indeterminate confirmatory tests following initial positive screens. The majority of deferrals for HBV were for a second occurrence of a positive screen despite negative confirmatory testing.

Conclusion

The rates of post‐donation deferral for transfusion‐transmissible infections were low in this military cohort. Our findings suggest that donor testing in deployed service members should focus on HBV, HCV, and T. pallidum and highlight the need for better diagnostics for HIV, Chagas, and HTLV‐I/II.
Memorias visuales del conflicto armado en Colombia (2008-2016): un análisis sobre los diarios El Tiempo y El Espectador
Authors: Amador-Baquiroa Juan Carlos
Published: October 2023

El artículo analiza las representaciones visuales sobre el conflicto armado que privilegiaron los diarios El Tiempo y El Espectador durante el periodo 2008-2016, así como las relaciones de estas con la configuración de determinados regímenes de la mirada en el despliegue de memorias del pasado reciente en Colombia. Para tal efecto, se empleó una metodología de análisis visual que abordó los niveles preiconográfico, iconográfico e iconológico del corpus de fotografías seleccionado, en sus relaciones con los textos alfabéticos que las acompañan.
Radios comunitarias, populares y alternativas en Bariloche: rol sociopolítico, configuración de identidad y ciudadanía
Authors: Navarro Nicoletti Felipe
Published: October 2023

Las radios comunitarias, populares y alternativas surgen como proyectos que pretenden visibilizar necesidades, demandas y voces de sectores históricamente postergados. La resignificación de estos medios, con base en el trabajo integrador entre instituciones y agentes en territorios locales, a lo largo del tiempo, merece una reflexión sobre sus dinámicas específicas, la reivindicación de derechos y la participación barrial, comunitaria y alternativa. De esta manera, consideramos que el territorio patagónico aporta especificidades significativas. Es por esto que anclamos el análisis en el caso de la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche. Allí nos encontramos con distintas experiencias barriales que incorporaron al soporte radial como eje articulador de relaciones, dinámicas y proyectos. Para ello se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a referentes barriales, así como el análisis de documentos institucionales que colaboraran al posterior desarrollo del trabajo.
El uso de las nuevas tecnologías como forma de disminuir las barreras de acceso a la justicia del consumidor en Chile
Authors: Bozzo Hauri Sebastián
Published: October 2023

El acceso a la justicia es uno de los principales problemas que enfrenta el consumidor en el siglo XXI. En este sentido, el presente trabajo analiza la posición del consumidor frente a las nuevas tecnologías y su acceso a la justicia. Además, mediante un enfoque comparativo, se estudia el modelo de ventanilla única existente en Europa y su posible implementación en Chile. Por último, se ofrece un análisis sobre el uso de las nuevas tecnologías en el ámbito del proceso legal y cómo estas pueden mejorar el acceso a la justicia para el consumidor. De esta forma, se identifica el progreso existente en Chile en esta materia, así como la necesidad de mejorar la posición del consumidor frente a las nuevas tecnologías y cómo estas pueden reducir las barreras de acceso a la justicia.
The Application of an Artificial Neural Network as a Baseline Model for Condition Monitoring of Innovative Humidified Micro Gas Turbine Cycles
Authors: Colquhoun Kathryn , Nikpey Somehsaraei Homam , De Paepe Ward
Published: October 2023

Due to high penetration of renewables, the EU energy system is undergoing a transition from large-scale centralized generation toward small-scale distributed generation. The increasing share of intermittent renewables such as solar and wind has become the main driver for dispatchable distributed energy generation technologies to maintain the grid flexibility and stability. In this context, micro gas turbines (MGTs) with high fuel and operation flexibility could play a crucial role to guarantee the grid stability, enabling deeper penetration of the intermittent renewable energy sources. Despite this, the MGT market is still considered to be niche, and there are R&D&I challenges that need to be addressed to further promote this technology in distributed generation applications. Innovative MGT cycles based on a cycle humidification concept can be considered to obtain higher system performance. However, given the fact that MGTs are installed close to the consumption points, where they are operated by nontechnical prosumers with very limited access to maintenance services, they should also offer high availability and reliability to avoid unexpected outages and secure the supply. Therefore, intelligent monitoring systems are needed that can support nonexpert end-users to detect degradation and plan maintenance before a breakdown occurs. In this study, we investigated and developed advanced methods based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) for condition monitoring of a humidified MGT cycle under real-life operational conditions. To create a high-performing model, extensive data preprocessing has been conducted to remove data outliers and select optimum model features, which provide best results. Additionally, the model hyperparameters such as learning rate, momentum, and number of hidden nodes have been altered to achieve the most accurate predictions. The results of this study have provided a baseline ANN model capable of conducting condition monitoring of a micro humid air turbine (mHAT) system, which will be applied to additional studies in the future.