bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Sinatra Doctrine: bespoke approaches to academic research in surgery
Authors: Mellor K , Powell AGMT , Luton O , James OP , Egan RJ , Lewis WG
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Academic scholarly credentials are now obtained in two broad ways: out of programme research (OOPR) experience via bespoke funding (BF) or a higher degree (HD) funded by run-through fellowships (academic clinical fellow/lecturer in England or Wales Clinical Academic Track [WCAT]). The aim of this study was to determine the relative academic credentials achieved related to HD route, surgical specialty and topic.

Methods

Fifty-four postgraduate trainees engaged in HD study were followed and the primary outcome measures were HD completion, publication number and Hirsch index (HI).

Results

There were 38 BF trainees and 16 WCAT trainees. General surgical trainees were more likely to choose postgraduate research (n = 37, 68.5%) than other specialties (n = 17, 31.5%). Similarly, trainees in general surgery were more likely to choose the BF route than the WCAT pathway (94.6% vs 12.5%, (p < 0.001), with ethnic minorities also more likely to choose WCAT (56.3% vs 18.4%, p = 0.005). HD completion rates were 82.1% in the BF cohort and 88.9% in the WCAT group (p = 0.409). The median number of publications was 17 versus 18 respectively (p = 0.894) and the median HI was 7 in both groups (p = 0.690). OOPR experience during phase 1 of surgical training was associated with a higher HI (11 vs 0, p = 0.011). Degree type (MD vs PhD) was not associated with HD completion (80.0% vs 91.7%, p = 0.374), publication number (15 vs 19, p = 0.958) or HI (7 vs 5, p = 0.107).

Conclusions

HD routes appear equivalent although specialty related HI outcomes varied over fourfold. Trainees and training programme directors alike should be aware of these outcomes when planning OOPR training. Surgical training is multifaceted and should result in a competent clinician, able scholar, first class communicator, health advocate and well rounded professional. 1 Surgical research has served as the foundation for evidence-based clinical practice as long ago as Galen. 2 Nevertheless, in the UK and since the inception of Modernising Medical Careers, out of programme research (OOPR) experience has lost its allure. 3 , 4 Indeed, other distinguishing credentials are available, such as subspecialty clinical attachments, and qualifications in management, education and leadership.
'It's alive!’ - Notes on Giovanni Aldini's experiments with galvanic fluid
Authors: Ilott Ruth
Published: September 2022

A look at Giovanni Aldini’s experiments with galvanic fluid.
How do patients benefit from consent?
Authors: Wheeler Robert
Published: September 2022

Our legal contributor discusses how gaining consent for treatment, and the importance of discussing all alternatives available to a patient, is vital to maintaining good practice.
Surgical care… for surgeons
Authors: Nortley Mei
Published: September 2022

In this Culture Matters column, Mei Nortley reflects on her experiences of illness during training and the positive effect that her mentors had on her coming back to surgery.
Clinical impact awards: plans and implications for 2023
Authors: Dollow Stuart
Published: September 2022

How can we amend the selection process to ensure that these awards better highlight those that have the biggest impact on public services?
Co-production of an information video on silver diammine fluoride – with children, for children
Authors: Timms Laura , Marshman Zoe , Deery Chris , Rodd Helen
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Silver diammine fluoride (SDF) is a relatively recent introduction to clinical practice in the UK as a caries management option for children’s primary teeth. However, implementation and uptake are likely to be improved by the availability of child focused information, which is key to ensuring that children understand information about their treatment choices. This study engaged children to co-produce an information video about SDF and explored other children’s opinions about the video.

Methods

A video was co-produced with children that explained caries management options with a focus on SDF. Children created the content and had substantial input into the editing process. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were carried out with 16 children, aged 4–8 years, based on a topic guide to explore their views on the video. Framework analysis was then performed.

Results

The video was viewed positively overall although participants did offer diverse views on some specific aspects. The data could be summarised through the following themes: video style and format, caries specific information and views on SDF.

Conclusions

Our study showed that children recognise the value and utility of an information video co-produced by their peers for provision of information about SDF as a caries management option.
Prior fear learning enables the rapid assimilation of new fear memories directly into cortical networks
Authors: Concina Giulia , Renna Annamaria , Milano Luisella , Sacchetti Benedetto
Published: September 2022

Long-term memory formation involves the reorganization of brain circuits, termed system consolidation. Whether and how a prior fear experience influences system consolidation of new memories is poorly understood. In rats, we found that prior auditory fear learning allows the secondary auditory cortex to immediately encode new auditory memories, with these new memories purely requiring the activation of cellular mechanisms of synaptic consolidation within secondary auditory cortex. Similar results were obtained in the anterior cingulate cortex for contextual fear memories. Moreover, prior learning enabled connections from these cortices to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) to support recent memory retention. We propose that the reorganization of circuits that characterizes system consolidation occurs only in the first instance that an event is learned, subsequently allowing the immediate assimilation of new analogous events in final storage sites.
IL-4, IL-10, CCL2 and TGF-β as potential biomarkers for severity in Plasmodium vivax malaria
Authors: Tovar Acero Catalina , Ramírez-Montoya Javier , Velasco María Camila , Avilés-Vergara Paula A. , Ricardo-Caldera Dina , Duran-Frigola Miquel , Quintero Gustavo , Cantero Myriam Elena , Rivera-Correa Juan , Rodriguez Ana , Fernanda Yasnot-Acosta María
Published: September 2022

Cytokines and chemokines are immune response molecules that display diverse functions, such as inflammation and immune regulation. In Plasmodium vivax infections, the uncontrolled production of these molecules is thought to contribute to pathogenesis and has been proposed as a possible predictor for disease complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytokine profile of P. vivax malaria patients with different clinical outcomes to identify possible immune biomarkers for severe P. vivax malaria. The study included patients with non-severe (n = 56), or severe (n = 50) P. vivax malaria and healthy controls (n = 50). Patient plasma concentrations of IL-4, IL-2, CXCL10, IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, CXCL8 and active TGF-β1 were determined through flow cytometry. The levels of several cytokines and chemokines, CXCL10, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, CCL2 and IFN-γ were found to be significantly higher in severe, compared to non-severe P. vivax malaria patients. Severe thrombocytopenia was positively correlated with IL-4, CXCL10, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ levels, renal dysfunction was related to an increase in IL-2, IL-1β, IL-17A and IL-8, and hepatic impairment with CXCL10, MCP-1, IL-6 and IFN-γ. A Lasso regression model suggests that IL-4, IL-10, CCL2 and TGF-β might be developed as biomarkers for severity in P. vivax malaria. Severe P. vivax malaria patients present specific cytokine and chemokine profiles that are different from non-severe patients and that could potentially be developed as biomarkers for disease severity.
A robust, low-cost instrument for real-time colorimetric isothermal nucleic acid amplification
Authors: Myers Frank B. , Moffatt Brian , El Khaja Ragheb , Chatterjee Titatsh , Marwaha Gurmeet , McGee Max , Mitra Debkishore
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for broader access to molecular diagnostics. Colorimetric isothermal nucleic acid amplification assays enable simplified instrumentation over more conventional PCR diagnostic assays and, as such, represent a promising approach for addressing this need. In particular, colorimetric LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) has received a great deal of interest recently. However, there do not currently exist robust instruments for performing these kinds of assays in high throughput with real-time readout of amplification signals. To address this need, we developed LARI, the LAMP Assay Reader Instrument. We have deployed over 50 LARIs for routine use in R&D and production environments, with over 12,000 assays run to date. In this paper, we present the design and construction of LARI along with thermal, optical, and assay performance characteristics. LARI can be produced for under $1500 and has broad applications in R&D, point-of-care diagnostics, and global health.
Bitcoin: A life in crises
Authors: Tarassov Jevgeni , Houlié Nicolas
Published: September 2022

In this study, we investigate the BTC price time-series (17 August 2010–27 June 2021) and show that the 2017 pricing episode is not unique. We describe at least ten new events, which occurred since 2010–2011 and span more than five orders of price magnitudes ($US 1 –$US 60k). We find that those events have a similar duration of approx. 50–100 days. Although we are not able to predict times of a price peak, we however succeed to approximate the BTC price evolution using a function that is similar to a Fibonacci sequence. Finally, we complete a comparison with other types of financial instruments (equities, currencies, gold) which suggests that BTC may be classified as an illiquid asset.
MFEAFN: Multi-scale feature enhanced adaptive fusion network for image semantic segmentation
Authors: Li Shusheng , Wan Liang , Tang Lu , Zhang Zhining
Published: September 2022

Low-level features contain spatial detail information, and high-level features contain rich semantic information. Semantic segmentation research focuses on fully acquiring and effectively fusing spatial detail with semantic information. This paper proposes a multiscale feature-enhanced adaptive fusion network named MFEAFN to improve semantic segmentation performance. First, we designed a Double Spatial Pyramid Module named DSPM to extract more high-level semantic information. Second, we designed a Focusing Selective Fusion Module named FSFM to fuse different scales and levels of feature maps. Specifically, the feature maps are enhanced to adaptively fuse these features by generating attention weights through a spatial attention mechanism and a two-dimensional discrete cosine transform, respectively. To validate the effectiveness of FSFM, we designed different fusion modules for comparison and ablation experiments. MFEAFN achieved 82.64% and 78.46% mIoU on the PASCAL VOC2012 and Cityscapes datasets. In addition, our method has better segmentation results than state-of-the-art methods.
Factors associated with the timely completion of doctoral research studies in clinical pharmacy: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Mosanya Adaobi U. , Ukoha-kalu Blessing O. , Isah Abdulmuminu , Umeh Ifeoma , Amorha Kosisochi C. , Ayogu Ebere E. , Ubaka Chukwuemeka
Published: September 2022

Introduction

There is growing scientific evidence of mental and well-being issues that doctoral research students face as a result of not finishing their program on time. This study aims to explore the factors associated with the timely completion of doctoral research studies in the clinical pharmacy speciality.

Methods

This was a mixed-method study that combined surveys with in-depth interviews. Current doctoral research students and pharmacists who have recently completed their doctoral research program participated in the study. A validated questionnaire and an interview topic guide developed from the literature and pretesting were used to collect data. Data for this study were collected between February 2021 and September 2021. Quantitative data were analysed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) V.25 while interview data were subjected to reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

47 students who are currently pursuing their doctoral research program in clinical pharmacy participated in the survey, while 8 pharmacists who had recently completed their doctoral research program in clinical pharmacy participated in the in-depth interviews. Five themes were identified: factors contributing to delay in the program, factors contributing to the timely completion of the program, ways to improve the program, advice to current students and advice to prospective students. Having more than one supervisor, supervisors’ commitment to the research work and support from the department were identified as facilitators of timely completion of doctoral research programs in clinical pharmacy.

Conclusion

Our study provides an understanding of the barriers and facilitators of timely completion of doctoral research programs in the clinical pharmacy specialist, and how these can be used to improve the postgraduate study programs in Nigeria.
Compliance to HIV testing and counseling guidelines at antenatal care clinics in the Kassena-Nankana districts of northern Ghana: A qualitative study
Authors: Choi Wooyon Annette , Sakeah Evelyn , Oduro Abraham Rexford , Aburiya John Bosco Achana , Aborigo Raymond Akawire
Published: September 2022

Background

Utilization of antenatal care services in Ghana has substantially increased over the years, but the rates of mother-to-child transmission of HIV is still high. The high burden of HIV among pregnant women has serious implications for mother-to-child transmission. The main objective of this study was to assess the compliance of HIV testing and counseling provided at antenatal care clinics in two rural districts in northern Ghana by comparing reported practices to the national guidelines.

Methods

This study was a descriptive qualitative study conducted in the Kassena-Nankana Districts of northern Ghana. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 midwives, 10 mothers, and 2 public health nurses who were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed into English, and imported into NVivo 12.0 software for open, axial, and selective coding.

Results

The findings indicate that not all pregnant women were informed prior to testing nor informed of their test results. Many mothers indicated that pre-test counseling is limited although the midwives claimed to provide it. Post-test counseling is primarily given to those who test positive, and several midwives agreed that there is no need to counsel HIV-negative women. Perceptions of the lack of confidentiality and privacy were pervasive among mothers despite the emphasis placed on its importance by the midwives. There were conflicting reports on whether HIV testing during antenatal care is voluntary or compulsory. The challenges with HIV testing and counseling that were mentioned by midwives include lack of adequate infrastructure, language barriers, and insufficient training.

Conclusions

HIV testing and counseling provided at antenatal care is not uniform across all health facilities and does not strictly adhere to national guidelines. Future interventions that focus on standardization, monitoring, privacy, and capacity building are likely to prove valuable in ensuring quality services are provided.
Analysis of a brief biodata scale as a predictor of job performance and its incremental validity over the Big Five and Dark Tetrad personality traits
Authors: Ramos-Villagrasa Pedro J. , Fernández-del-Río Elena , Castro Ángel
Published: September 2022

The collection of biographical information (biodata) through CVs and application forms has many advantages, namely easiness of collection, acceptable validity, less prone to faking, and the fulfilment of legal requirements. However, its systematic use among practitioners is scarce. Two of the mains reasons is the overlap with other constructs like personality and the lack of validated biodata scales in articles and public repositories. Aimed to fill this gap, García-Izquierdo and colleagues developed an 8-item scale able to generate positive applicant reactions, but they did not provide empirical evidence that their scale is able to predict job performance. The present paper was developed for this purpose, investigating the scale’s relationship with four different dimensions of job performance (i.e., task performance, contextual performance, counterproductive behaviors, and adaptive performance) and its incremental validity with respect to Big Five and Dark Tetrad personality traits. The study comprises 528 employees from different organizations (Mage = 39.51, SD = 14.25; 52.8% women, Mexperience = 17.06, SD = 13.27) which voluntarily agreed to participate filling a questionnaire with the variables of interest. Results provide evidence of the predictive validity of the biodata scale in a multi-occupational sample; identify that these biodata contribute to predicting two specific types of job performance: contextual performance and adaptive performance; shows that a brief job-related biodata scale achieves results comparable to those of most personality traits in predictive models of job performance dimensions; and provide evidence of the incremental predictive validity of biodata over the Big Five and the Dark Tetrad. As a whole, these results provide support for the use of the scale in researcher and applied settings, and contributes to the advance the knowledge of biodata for personnel selection.
Effectiveness of shengxuexiaoban capsules combined with glucocorticoid therapy for immune thrombocytopenia: A meta-analysis
Authors: Ding Meng-Yuan , Li Bing , Yang Meng , Zhai Wen-Sheng , Song Chun-Dong , Zhang Jian , Zhang Qiu-Yue , Li Peng-Fei , Liu Li-Ya
Published: September 2022

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of the Shengxuexiaoban Capsules combined with glucocorticoid therapy for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).

Methods

We collected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using shengxuexiaoban capsules in combination with glucocorticoid to treat ITP by searching major Chinese and English electronic databases. The outcome indicators were the effective rate, recurrence rate, the number of platelets in the blood, recovery time of platelets, and adverse reactions. We used STATA 16.0 and RevMan 5.3 for meta-analysis and GRADE pro. for evidence quality evaluation.

Results

A total of 27 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis, and the results showed a significant difference (all p<0.05) in the effective rate, recurrence rate, the number of platelets, and the recovery time of platelets (≥ 100×109) between ITP patients in the control group (who received glucocorticoid therapy alone) and test group (who received glucocorticoid therapy combined with the Shengxuexiaoban Capsules). And that Shengxuexiaoban capsules combined with glucocorticoid therapy were safe. The funnel plot and Egger’s test results indicated no obvious publication bias. The GRADE evidence rating showed an intermediate quality of evidence rating for recurrence rate and overall effectiveness.

Conclusion

Glucocorticoid therapy combined with the Shengxuexiaoban Capsules showed more effectiveness in the treatment of ITP. It can improve the effective rate, reduce the recurrence rate, increase the number of platelets and shorten the recovery time of platelets, and has a good safety profile.
Exploring experiences of quarantined people during the early phase of COVID-19 outbreak in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Region of Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Olani Ararso Baru , Degefa Nega , Aschalew Zeleke , Kassa Mekdim , Feleke Tesfaye , Gura Girma , Wambete Sarah Namee
Published: September 2022

Background

Ethiopia enforced extremely rigorous contact tracing and mandatory quarantine for all suspected contact and travelers entering the country for a period of 14-days duration during the early phases of the COVID-19 outbreak. Several studies investigated the experience of quarantined people because of COVID-19 or previous outbreaks. However, quarantine is often perceived differently in different cultures because of its historical association with class, gender, ethnicity, politics, and prejudices. To our knowledge, there is limited literature on quarantine experience in Ethiopia related to either COVID-19 or other infectious diseases. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore quarantine experience of people in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia during early phase of COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

The study implemented an exploratory qualitative research design using a phenomenological approach. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with purposively recruited 29 respondents. Digitally recorded audio files have been listened to several times and verbatim transcriptions were done. The transcribed narratives were examined independently and content analysis was carried out through reading and re-reading the verbatim several times, open coding, grouping, categorizing, and abstracting the final themes.

Results

Three broad themes were identified and characterized the experiences of quarantined people due to COVID-19. These themes were a) handling of the suspected person, b) adverse effects of quarantine and c) coping strategies. In addition, quarantine refusals; injustice in quarantine; quarantine errors; psychological distress; physiological changes; social effects; financial losses; personal and social coping strategies were the emerged sub-themes.

Conclusions

This study explored a range of complex experiences of quarantined people because of the COVID-19 outbreak in SNNPR. The quarantined people included in this study were adversely affected psychologically, physiologically, socially, and economically. They also experienced quarantine errors and injustice. There is a need to gather clear justification for close contact before forcing the suspect for mandatory quarantine. In addition, there is a need to develop risk communication strategy to approach suspected contacts for quarantine. Moreover, assessing psychological, physiological, social, and economic impacts of quarantine on the individuals while they are in quarantine and after release could be important. The use of personal and social coping strategies including psychosocial support may lessen the adverse impacts of the quarantine.
Role of L-Carnitine supplementation on rate of weight gain and biomarkers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction in children with severe acute malnutrition: A protocol for a double-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alam Jinat , Islam Md. Ridwan , Fahim Shah Mohammad , Gazi Md. Amran , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: September 2022

Background

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) are highly prevalent among children residing in resource-limited countries like Bangladesh. L-carnitine may play a role in improving the growth and ameliorating the EED among nutritionally vulnerable children.

Objective

To investigate the role of L-carnitine supplementation on the rate of weight gain, duration of hospital stays, and EED biomarkers among children with severe acute malnutrition.

Methods

This study is a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial aiming to enroll diarrheal children with SAM between 9–24 months of both sexes attending the nutritional rehabilitation unit (NRU) of Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b. It is an ongoing trial including two arms where one arm receives L-carnitine supplementation, and the other arms receive a placebo for 15 days in addition to the existing standard treatment of SAM. The primary outcome is the rate of weight gain, and the secondary outcomes include duration of hospital stay and EED biomarkers. Outcomes are assessed at baseline and 15 days of post-intervention. We hypothesize that the L- carnitine supplementation for 15 days in children with SAM will improve the rate of weight gain and biomarkers of EED.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT05083637. Date of registration: October 19, 2021.
Persistent anxiety among high school students: Survey results from the second year of the COVID pandemic
Authors: Yin Olivia , Parikka Nadia , Ma Amy , Kreniske Philip , Mellins Claude A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

National mental health surveys have demonstrated increased stress and depressive symptoms among high-school students during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, but objective measures of anxiety after the first year of the pandemic are lacking.

Methods

A 25-question survey including demographics, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7) a validated self-administered tool to evaluate anxiety severity, and questions on achievement goals and future aspirations was designed by investigators. Over a 2-month period, all students from grade 9–12 in a single high-school (n = 546) were invited to complete an online survey after electronic parental consent and student assent. Bi-variate and chi-square analyses examined demographic differences in anxiety scores and the impact on outcomes; qualitative analyses examined related themes from open-ended questions.

Results

In total, 155/546 (28%) completed the survey. Among students with binary gender classifications, 54/149 (36%) had GAD-7 scores in the moderate or severe anxiety range (scores≥10), with a greater proportion among females than males (47% vs 21%, P<0.001). Compared to students with GAD-7<10, those with ≥ 10 were more likely to strongly agree that the pandemic changed them significantly (51% vs 28%, p = 0.05), made them mature faster (44% vs 16%, p = 0.004), and affected their personal growth negatively (16% vs 6%, p = 0.004). Prominent themes that emerged from open-ended responses on regrets during the pandemic included missing out on school social or sports events, missing out being with friends, and attending family events or vacations.

Conclusion

In this survey of high school students conducted 2 years after the onset of COVID-19 in the United States, 47% of females and 21% of males reported moderate or severe anxiety symptoms as assessed by the GAD-7. Whether heightened anxiety results in functional deficits is still uncertain, but resources for assessment and treatment should be prioritized.
A non-invasive method for scoliosis assessment—A new mathematical concept using polar angle
Authors: Roy Susmita , Grünwald Alexander T.D. , Lampe Renée
Published: September 2022

Scoliosis is one of the most common pediatric spinal diseases that leads to a three-dimensional deformity of the spine and has a high risk of progression during growth. Regular clinical monitoring and follow-up X-rays are needed to providing proper treatment at that time. Repetitive X-rays can results in an increased risk of radiation related health problems. We present a non-invasive, ionizing radiation-free method for assessing scoliosis and its progression from the 3D images of the body torso, captured by a body scanner. A new concept is introduced based on a mathematical method in polar coordinate system to quantify and characterize the deformities in the torso from 2D transverse cross-sections of the 3D torso images at example cases for a healthy individual and for two patients with scoliosis. To capture quantitatively the characteristics of scoliosis, and to verify them at the example cases two asymmetry parameters and a linear fitting parameter are calculated: a) back side area asymmetry, b) left right area asymmetry, and c) coefficient of determination (R2). Within the analyzed patients, both the area asymmetries are maximum at the apex of scoliosis, and increase with the severity of scoliosis. R2 values are smaller in the case of patients compared with the healthy. Furthermore, the parameters show a trend when compared with the Cobb angle from the X-ray and the findings match with clinical examination. Therefore, the quantities are able to capture, certain characteristics associated with scoliosis. These quantities can be compared as a measure of deformities of torso, during the follow-up examinations in the future, without ionizing radiations.
Obstructed labor and its effect on adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yeshitila Yordanos Gizachew , Daniel Beniam , Desta Melaku , Kassa Getachew Mullu
Published: September 2022

Background

Obstructed labor is one of the five major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. In Ethiopia, it accounts for 19.1% of maternal death. The current review aimed to assess maternal and perinatal outcomes of obstructed labor in Ethiopia.

Methods

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed for this systematic review and meta-analysis. A literature search was made using PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Summon country-specific search, and Cochrane Libraries’ online databases. Search terms were adverse outcome, obstructed labor, maternal outcome, fetal outcome, and Ethiopia. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS), based on a star scoring system, was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 16 software. The pooled prevalence of an adverse maternal outcome, fetal outcome, and association between adverse outcome and obstructed labor was calculated using a random-effects model. Egger’s test and funnel plot were used to evaluate publication bias.

Result

Eighty-seven studies were included in this review, with an overall sample size of 104259 women and 4952 newborns. The pooled incidence of maternal death was estimated to be 14.4% [14.14 (6.91–21.37). The pooled prevalence of uterine rupture and maternal near-miss was 41.18% (95% CI: 19.83, 62.54) and 30.5% [30.5 (11.40, 49.59) respectively. Other complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, sepsis, obstetric fistula, hysterectomy, bladder injury, cesarean section, and labor abnormalities were also reported. The pooled prevalence of perinatal death was 26.4% (26.4 (95% CI 15.18, 37.7). In addition, the association of obstructed labor with stillbirth, perinatal asphyxia, and meconium-stained amniotic fluid was also demonstrated.

Conclusions

In Ethiopia, the incidence of perinatal and maternal mortality among pregnant women with obstructed labor was high. The rate of maternal death and maternal near miss reported in this review was higher than incidences reported from high-income and most low and middle-income countries. Uterine rupture, postpartum hemorrhage, sepsis, fistula, hysterectomy, and bladder injury were also commonly reported. To improve the health outcomes of obstructed labor, it is recommended to address the three delay models: enhancing communities’ health-seeking behavior, enhancing transportation for an obstetric emergency with different stakeholders, and strengthening the capacity of health facilities to handle obstetric emergencies.
Combined short-axis out-of-plane and long-axis in-plane approach versus long-axis in-plane approach for ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization in infants and small children: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Takeshita Jun , Nakajima Yasufumi , Tachibana Kazuya , Hamaba Hirofumi , Yamashita Tomonori , Shime Nobuaki
Published: September 2022

The ultrasound-guided long-axis in-plane approach for central venous catheterization in infants and small children can prevent posterior wall penetration. The combined short-axis out-of-plane and long-axis in-plane approach reportedly prevents such penetration in adults. To test the hypothesis of non-inferiority of the combined approach to the long-axis in-plane approach, we compared the two approaches in infants and small children. Patients were randomized based on whether they underwent ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein catheterization using the combined or long-axis in-plane approach. Posterior wall penetration rates, first-attempt success rates, overall success rates within 20 min; scanning, puncture, and procedure durations; and number of attempts were compared between the groups. In the combined and long-axis in-plane groups (n = 55 per group), the posterior wall penetration rates were 5.5% (3/55) and 3.6% (2/55) (P = 0.65), the first-attempt success rates were 94.5% (52/55) and 92.7% (51/55) (P = 0.70), and the overall success rates within 20 min were 100% (55/55) and 98.2% (54/55) (P = 0.32), respectively. In the combined and long-axis in-plane groups, the median (interquartile range) scanning durations were 21 (16.5–34.8) s and 47 (29.3–65) s (P<0.0001), the puncture durations were 114 (83–170) s and 74 (52.3–117.3) s (P = 0.0002), and the procedure durations were 141 (99–97.8) s and 118 (88.5–195.5) s (P = 0.14), respectively. The median number of attempts was 1 (interquartile range: 1–1, range: 1–3) in both groups (P = 0.72). Similar to the long-axis in-plane approach, the combined approach for internal jugular vein catheterization prevented posterior wall penetration in infants and small children.

Trial registration: This trial was registered before patient enrollment in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, registration number UMIN000039387 (https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-bin/ctr/ctr_view_reg.cgi?recptno=R000044907).
Lifestyle elements and risk of metabolic syndrome in adults
Authors: Suliga Edyta , Ciesla Elzbieta , Lelonek Magdalena , Piechowska Agnieszka , Gluszek Stanislaw
Published: September 2022

Background

The aim of the study was to investigate which elements of lifestyle are associated with metabolic health in adults, defined as the absence of components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria.

Methods

Data from 10,277 individuals aged 40–65 years constituted the material of this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses with backward stepwise selection were carried out to identify the factors associated with the absence of metabolic disorders.

Results

No family history of cardiovascular disease increased the odds of being metabolically healthy 1.5-2-fold. Furthermore, the following factors were associated with higher odds of being metabolically healthy in men: abstinence from alcohol (healthy individuals vs. those with ≥3 [OR = 5.49 (2.23–13.52); p<0.001], ≥2 [OR = 4.52 (1.87–10.91); p = 0.001], and ≥1 components of MetS [OR = 3.04 (1.41–6.56); p = 0.005]), moderate alcohol use (healthy individuals vs. those with ≥3 [OR = 3.36 (1.54–7.32); p = 0.002], ≥2 [OR = 3.28 (1.52–7.10); p = 0.002], and ≥1 components of MetS [OR = 3.93 (1.64–9.42); p = 0.002]), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) >2 hours/day and sitting time of 3–6 hours/day. Drinking >2 cups of coffee per day (healthy vs. those with ≥3 [OR = 2.00 (1.47–2.71)], ≥2 [OR = 1.84 (1.38–2.45)], and ≥1 components of MetS [OR = 1.72 (1.30–2.28); all p<0.001]), limiting animal fats to <2 servings/day, MVPA >2 hours/day, and 7–8 hours of sleep per day were associated with higher odds of being metabolically healthy in women.

Conclusions

A healthy lifestyle increased the odds of being metabolically healthy. Some lifestyle modifications may appear effective in prevention of not only MetS, but also single metabolic risk factors.
B-Boy Abstracts1
Authors: Kimvall Jacob , Mare Carlos
Published: September 2022

B-Boy Abstracts is an artistic project started in 2005 by artist and scholar Carlos Mare (alias Mare139). The project connects the graffiti/style writing tradition with high-end modernist art history as well as the art of breaking, and where the artist is rethinking breaking as a form of abstract art, as sculpture, drawing, painting and graphic prints. The text is an artistic statement by Mare139 on the background of B-Boy Abstracts, and on how he has looked to modernist art history in his quest of finding a language to visualize hip hop’s dance elements.
Breaking the limits? Exploring the breaking scene in Havana, Cuba and belonging in a global (imagined) breaking community
Authors: Frost Friederike
Published: September 2022

This article discusses the findings from my initial foray into the Havana breaking scene in February 2020. Inspired by ethnomusicologist and hip hop scholar Joseph ethnographic study of the New York breaking scene, I deploy three central aspects from his work: community as social entanglement, music as a creator of belonging, and movement as the connecting elements between dancers. I explore how these aspects are visible in Havana and suggest that there are various aspects, for example, heterogeneity, internet access and possibilities to travel, connect and exchange within a global dance community, that define the local breaking scene in Havana, which add to the three pillars Schloss develops from breaking itself. In addition, I question breaking’s ‘normed narratives’ – for example, the assumption that b-boys and b-girls always draw inspiration from the United States, breaking’s country of origin – to interrogate US and Eurocentric/western-nation perspectives. I also explore how I was able to dive in and conduct qualitative research with relative ease in a short period of time as a white European b-girl, hip hop, and dance scholar as well as a foreigner to Cuba’s breaking scene. I reflect on the importance of travelling as a means of knowledge acquisition, the idea of belonging to a ‘Global Hip Hop Nation’, an ‘imagined community’ and ‘connective marginalities’ as concepts to help untangle the forms of belonging within the global breaking community as they play out in Cuba. This research is based on a practice-of-theory approach that places the body at the centre of investigation enhanced with the idea of meaningful movement. Data is collected through participant field observation, qualitative interviews as well as my embodied and cultural knowledge as a b-girl, which informs my role as ‘hybrid expert’ in, and between, Havana’s breaking scene.
Nationhood, identity and subcultures: A case study of the Norwegian rap duo Karpe
Authors: Saetre Juliette
Published: September 2022

In this article, I explore processes of identity formation among ethnic minorities in Norway. By performing a close reading of the lyrics of seven songs written by the rap duo Karpe, I show how the group use their music to make apparent the adverse consequences of absolutist understandings of national belonging on their own subjectivities. Through their lyrics, Karpe send a clear message to their audiences: the definition of what it means to be Norwegian needs to be extended, and new ways of belonging ought to be normalized, so that ethnic minorities can embrace their multicultural backgrounds without fearing this will compromise their perceived belonging to the national community. Karpe’s incredible success among the Norwegian public, as it enables them to carry ideas of political significance across groups, makes the analysis of their music of mainstream interest. By using rap lyrics as an object of analysis, I also highlight the function of cultural expression as a means to resist and rethink hegemonic discourses of fixed national identities – and even act as a vehicle for the development of post-national patterns of identification.
Articulations of displacement and dissonance from Compton: Kendrick Lamar in the twenty-first century
Authors: Cantres James G.
Published: September 2022

Kendrick Lamar’s lyrics and subject matter often require repeated listens that reveal perspectives ranging from his upbringing in Compton, his parents’ migration from Chicago to California and broader questions of identity, place, displacement, belonging and home. A self-described Southern California ‘80s baby’, Lamar’s music nevertheless imagines Black self-identification in a broader and global sense. His work reflects rootlessness among continental and diasporic Africans across time and space. Utilizing approaches of British Cultural Studies and African diaspora studies, this article analyses Lamar’s critically acclaimed album To Pimp a
Butterfly (2015). The pursuit of home as a response to the unbound nature of diasporic existence – connected to histories of transatlantic slavery, the Middle Passage and the plantation enterprise in the United States, the Caribbean and South America – reverberates for Lamar as an African American millennial yet also situate him within a continuum of Afro-Atlantic artistic innovators. In places as varied as Chicago, Compton, Jamaica, South Africa and London, Black people reckon with the meanings of home and Lamar offers his unique Afro-diasporic perspective. Lamar’s ruminations on intra-national migrations within the United States allow for a theorization of various iterations of home that include specific communities, families, cities, nations, gangs and the comforts of a bottle of vodka. Lamar’s lyrical confessions embrace identification as process, a brilliant and probing strategy that references histories of movement in the United States as well as ethnic tensions in South Africa, post-independence political economic realities in Jamaica and the history of migration from the Caribbean to metropolitan Britain. I suggest that Lamar introduces a particularized twenty-first-century Black racialized humanism where his own position vacillates between predator and victim. Who Lamar is and who he is said or seen to be recurs and reflects the specific conditions he and contemporary diasporans negotiate across the globe.
A Covid19-pandémia jelentette félelmek hatása a nyaralás tervezése során felmerülő kockázatészlelésre
Authors: Kökény László , Kenesei Zsófia
Published: September 2022

2021 tavaszán a koronavírussal (SARS-CoV-2) vívott küzdelem a védőoltásoknak köszönhetően pozitív fordulatot vett, melynek következtében sokan elkezdték tervezni vagy akár le is foglalták az az évi nyaralásukat. Kutatásunkban arra voltunk kíváncsiak, hogy a Covid19-pandémia jelentette
kockázatészlelés hogyan befolyásolja az utazáshoz kapcsolódó teljes kockázatészlelés faktorát az utazás, nyaralás tervezése során. Az online kérdőívünket 302 fő egyetemi hallgató töltötte ki érvényesen. Az eredményeket CB-SEM elemzéssel kaptuk meg, miszerint a Covid19-pandémiához
kapcsolódó észlelt kockázatok közepesen erősen és szignifikánsan növelik az utazáshoz köthető kockázatészlelést. Mindez azt jelenti, hogy a Covid19 jelentette félelmek az utazástervezés során jelentős hatással voltak az utazással összefüggő esetleges kockázatok észlelésére. Emellett kiderült,
hogy nemcsak az egészségügyi veszélyekről van szó, hanem a mentális félelmekről is, ami még fontosabb faktorként jelent meg az elemzés során. Így a korábbiaknál komplexebb megközelítést kaptunk a Covid19-pandémia jelentette kockázatészlelés hatásainak mérési lehetőségeit illetően. A
gyakorlati javaslatokat és a jövőbeli kutatási lehetőségeket a tanulmány végén részletezzük.
A matyóföldi turizmus száz évvel ezelőtt és napjainkban
Authors: Tőzsér Anett
Published: September 2022

A matyó népművészetre fókuszáló vizsgálat helyszíne a Matyóföld két települése, Mezőkövesd és Tard volt,
ahol 2021 szeptemberében a települések illetékes szakembereivel készültek félig strukturált interjúk a turizmus
témakörében. Az előzetes szakirodalmi kutatás során feltárásra került, hogy száz évvel ezelőtt minek köszönhette
népszerűségét a Matyóföld. Így az interjúkérdések arra keresték a választ, hogy napjainkban a matyó népművészet
mennyiben járul hozzá a vendégforgalom alakulásához és a térség marketingtevékenységéhez, illetve hogy
mindez támogatja-e az UNESCO szellemi kulturális örökséggé és egyben hungarikummá nyilvánított matyó
népművészet értékőrző tevékenységét, valamint annak bemutatását és népszerűsítését. A matyó népművészet
felfedezését a matyó lakodalmas budapesti bemutatásától számítják, mivel ez tette országosan is ismertté
Mezőkövesd gazdag hímző és viseletkultúráját. Hasonlóan ahhoz, ahogyan az elődeik száz évvel ezelőtt tették,
a Matyóföldön működő szakmai és civil szervezetek ma is törekednek arra, hogy megőrizzék és továbbadják a
matyó népművészetet. Ugyanakkor a teljes vendégszám folyamatos növekedése ellenére az elmúlt 15 évben
nem történt növekedés a múzeumi látogatószámokban. Ez alapján megállapítható, hogy az UNESCO szellemi
kulturális örökség listájára való felkerülés nem növelte a térségbe irányuló turizmust.
SONAR
Authors: Clemente de Oliveira Gabriela , Rodrigues da Costa Alexandre
Published: September 2022

As composições sonoro-visuais de O Grivo possibilitam múltiplas experiências numa relação entre música, instalação e performance. As esculturas sonoras inventadas pelos artistas, a partir de fragmentos, impressionam não só pelas formas, mas também pela presença que assumem no espaço, criando uma territorialidade expansiva que transita entre a gambiarra e a harmonia. Esse território é marcado pelo movimento dos artistas que interagem com as esculturas e criam uma diversidade sonora e visual e dos espectadores, que estabelecem contato com a instalação e alteram a configuração do espaço. As sonoridades produzidas por essas engenhocas são instigantes, pois geram curiosidade em relação ao que se vê e ao que se escuta. Todas essas características, presentes nos trabalhos de O Grivo, tem forte referência com a própria ideia e imagem do Rizoma. A proposta desse artigo parte então, da intenção de explorar o âmbito visual na obra Sonar, que esteve em exposição na Funarte em Belo Horizonte no ano de 2017, através de um diálogo com o conceito de Rizoma de Deleuze e Guattari.
O drama e os jogos eletrônicos no contexto pedagógico do Ensino Médio
Authors: Carlim Victor Emanuel , Oliveira Lívia Sudare de , Rosseto Robson
Published: September 2022

O presente texto analisa a abordagem do drama associado aos jogos eletrônicos com estudantes do Ensino Médio no espaço escolar. A investigação se valeu de um questionário que discriminou os gêneros e as temáticas dos jogos eletrônicos mais presentes no cotidiano dos participantes. A coleta de dados apontou a violência, a sexualidade e as relações de gênero como os temas mais recorrentes nos jogos citados. O drama foi desenvolvido com base nos referidos assuntos e, ao longo das proposições, os conteúdos mobilizaram a capacidade reflexiva e criativa dos estudantes na construção de narrativas cênicas. O aplicativo WhatsApp foi utilizado como recurso de difusão e compartilhamento de informações extraclasse. Esta experiência evidenciou o drama como um método de ensino capaz de conduzir os participantes a investigarem situações dramáticas, de acordo com os seus próprios conhecimentos, tendo em vista a ampliação da autonomia para se tornarem sujeitos de sua própria aprendizagem.
Ensaios com o Drama
Authors: Nascimento Fernando Augusto do
Published: September 2022

Neste artigo compartilho minhas aproximações, como professor-artista queer, na mediação de processos de drama através da estratégia intitulada “professor no papel” (CABRAL, 2006; VIDOR, 2010). As experiências compartilhadas foram realizadas com alunos/as do ensino médio, no colégio Centro Educacional Dr. Clarindo Santiago, em São Luís – MA. Assim, as discussões teóricas trazem reflexões acerca do oficio do/a professor/a e artista na escola (VIDOR, 2010; LARROSA, 2018), sobretudo a respeito da estratégia do drama “professor no papel”, como possibilidade para emergir narrativas com temáticas LGBT+ em sala de aula. No material, discutem-se ainda os conceitos de “representatividade trans” e “lugar de fala” (LEAL, 2018; RIBEIRO, 2017) atrelados ao contexto dos processos criativos na pedagogia teatral. As reflexões finais apontam possíveis caminhos para construirmos (novas) redes de afetos diante da atual conjuntura conturbada para o teatro e os estudos Queer na educação.