bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial factors influencing treatment adherence in Brazilian gay men living with HIV
Authors: Alckmin-Carvalho Felipe , Costa Ângelo Brandelli , Giusti Bárbara , Nichiata Lucia Yasuko Izumi
Published: December 2024

Context and Aim: Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV poses a public health challenge. Although studies in developed countries emphasize the role of psychosocial factors in ART adherence, there is limited research on this association among Brazilian MSM living with HIV. This study examined the impact of depression, anxiety, internalized homonegativity, and HIV-related stigma on ART adherence in a sample of this population. Method: A cross-sectional study recruited 43 MSM living with HIV (Mage = 34.93, SD = 7.90) through social media. Instruments included sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, the Questionnaire for Assessment of Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment, the Beck Depression Scale, the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory, the Internalized Homophobia Scale, and the HIV Stigmatization Scale. Results: Twelve participants (27.9%) showed inadequate ART adherence, and 18 (41.8%) reported signs and symptoms of depression at clinical level. Depression was negatively and moderately correlated with ART adherence. HIV-related stigma was positively and moderately correlated with depression, trait anxiety, and homonegativity. Depression significantly impacted ART adherence, explaining 13.4% of the variance. Conclusions: Our results highlight the need for regular depression screening and affirmative interventions to support MSM living with HIV, addressing stigma, and promoting adherence to ART.
Experiências de luto real e simbólico durante a pandemia de COVID-19: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Morais Jaiana , Arruda Gabriel , Melo Cynthia de Freitas , Martins Clerton
Published: December 2024

Contexto: A pandemia de COVID-19 alterou profundamente as formas de vivenciar o luto, com restrições aos rituais fúnebres e isolamento social. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a produção científica sobre as experiências de luto por perdas reais e simbólicas durante a pandemia. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, por meio de dois revisores, selecionando 65 artigos publicados na íntegra, entre 2020 e julho de 2023, em português, inglês ou espanhol, nas bases PubMed, SciELO, PePSIC, MEDLINE, LILACS e Index PSI, localizados a partir da combinação dos descritores “Luto”, “Grief”, “Bereavement”, “Aflicción” e “COVID-19”. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram a prevalência de estudos em inglês, qualitativos, realizados com familiares enlutados, publicados no terceiro ano de pandemia. Os dados qualitativos foram organizados em três categorias: 1) Experiências de Luto na COVID-19, que aborda as experiências de luto vividas em variadas culturas, sociedades, grupos profissionais e contextos de saúde durante a pandemia; 2) Implicações Socioculturais e para a Saúde da Supressão de Rituais, que discute as implicações socioculturais e para a saúde dos enlutados vividas em função da supressão dos rituais fúnebres e de despedida, e 3) Intervenções e Estratégias de Apoio, que examina estratégias utilizadas para apoiar familiares enlutados e reduzir danos à saúde mental. Conclusões: As mudanças impostas pela pandemia na vivência das experiências de luto impactaram a saúde mental dos enlutados. Estudos longitudinais são necessários para avaliar as consequências a longo prazo em diferentes culturas, e orientar ações de prevenção e cuidado.
Ansiedade, depressão e stress em estudantes universitários deslocados da sua residência
Authors: Massano-Cardoso Ilda Maria , De Carvalho Figueiredo Sofia , Galhardo Ana
Published: December 2024

Contexto: Os estudantes universitários enfrentam processos de adaptação, sobretudo quando deslocados, o que pode resultar em dificuldades emocionais. Objetivos: O estudo visou descrever as condições de alojamento destes estudantes; comparar os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e stress em função de variáveis sociodemográficas e em relação à população geral; examinar associações entre variáveis sociodemográficas e os sintomas emocionais negativos; explorar diferenças nestes sintomas em função da dificuldade em encontrar alojamento e custos habitacionais. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 163 estudantes que preencheram um Questionário Sociodemográfico, o Questionário Sobre as Condições de Alojamento e as Escalas de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress (EADS-21). A amostra foi não probabilística, obtida por amostragem snowball. Resultados: As mulheres reportaram níveis mais elevados de ansiedade (t(161) = 2,02; p = 0,045) e stress (t(161) = 2,77; p = 0,006), mas não de depressão (t(161) = 0,68; p = 0,497). Os estudantes deslocados apresentaram valores superiores nos sintomas emocionais negativos (EADS-21) comparativamente à população portuguesa (t(161) = 3,23; p < 0,001; t(160) = 5,76; p < 0,001; t(161) = 3,25; p < 0,001, respetivamente). Não se verificaram diferenças nos sintomas em função da dificuldade em conseguir alojamento ou dos custos habitacionais. Conclusões: Os estudantes deslocados evidenciaram significativamente mais sintomas emocionais negativos que a população geral, o que remete para a relevância de desenvolver medidas de apoio psicológico para este grupo.
Demandas e recursos de tecnologias de informação e comunicação: evidências de validade de um instrumento
Authors: Carlotto Mary Sandra , Gonçalves Câmara Sheila , Severo Vieira Lia , Welter Wendt Guilherme , Day Arla
Published: December 2024

Contexto: O modelo Demandas-Recursos em Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) propõe que a tecnologia pode atuar como recurso facilitador ou demanda adicional, influenciando o estresse e saúde ocupacional. Objetivo: Adaptar e validar as Escalas sobre Demandas e Recursos de TIC para o contexto brasileiro, explorando suas propriedades psicométricas. Métodos: Participaram 213 trabalhadores brasileiros que utilizavam TIC no desempenho laboral, a maioria do sexo masculino (64,8%) com média de idade de 35,5 anos e formação superior (92,5%). O instrumento foi administrado online, e os dados foram analisados através de Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) e coeficiente de fidedignidade Ômega. Resultados: A AFC revelou uma estrutura idêntica à original, com oito fatores para a escala de Demandas e dois para a escala de Recursos, ambos com coeficientes Ômega satisfatórios e índices de ajuste adequados. Conclusão: O instrumento apresenta validade psicométrica adequada para investigar demandas e recursos em ambientes de trabalho com TIC, oferecendo uma ferramenta útil para gestores que busquem avaliar e equilibrar esses aspectos no contexto laboral, prevenindo o estresse ocupacional.
EVIDENCE FOR A ROLE OF MEMORY IN NOVEL WORD-LEARNING AFTER PERINATAL STROKE
Authors: François Clément , Ferreri Laura , Ripolles Pablo , Garcia-Alix Alfredo , Rodriguez-Fornells Antoni , Bosch Laura
Published: December 2024

Children with left perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) often exhibit language and cognitive deficits. However, evaluations of language learning abilities are very scarce. Here, we compared word-referent associative learning and recall performance (immediate and delayed) using a fast-mapping (FM) paradigm in a group of 3.5-year-old children with PAIS (N = 9) and in age-matched control peers (N = 18). The task involved a referent selection phase followed by immediate and delayed recall trials of the novel word-object associations. While no between-group differences were observed in the referent selection and immediate recall phases, the group of children with PAIS showed lower performance in delayed recall of the newly learned associations. These results suggest that difficulties in word learning for children with PAIS may arise due to a memory retention failure rather than to the process of selecting the target referent during fast mapping. We discuss these findings in relation to the neural bases of infant language acquisition and their implications for clinical practice, particularly in terms of improving lexical acquisition and retention in children with PAIS.
Dynamics of trust in science among digitised publics: A two-wave panel study identifying trust groups during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Reif Anne , Taddicken Monika , Guenther Lars , Schröder Justin T. , Weingart Peter
Published: December 2024

Given the increased significance of public trust in science, unanswered questions arise about which trust groups exist within the public, how they vary in their use of science-related (digital) media and how they may have changed in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined public trust in science in Germany through a two-wave panel survey (nw1 = 4,440; nw2 = 1,028). Five distinct trust groups were identified in a Latent Profile Analysis based on evaluations of scientists’ expertise, integrity, benevolence, transparency and dialogue orientation. The groups showed similar patterns of trust, with high values for expertise in each case, but at varying levels. The groups further differed in terms of contact with science. After one year, the data revealed a tendency towards a moderate level of trust in science, with fully and highly trusting groups experiencing decreased trust and (rather) untrusting groups seeing an increase. The results may indicate a return to the mean as a waning pandemic effect and underscore the pivotal role of the pandemic as a collective key event in shaping public trust in science.
Simultaneity based on momentum conservation
Authors: Qu Wenjing
Published: December 2024

The relativity of simultaneity was proposed in Relativity Theory by Einstein in order to harmonize the results of the Lorentz transformation in Special relativity. However, there are mathematically logical flaws in the deductions in the Lorentz transformation, as the subject of the Lorentz transformation is converted from the motion of photons to the motion of objects, such as in the deduction of the time dilation from t’=γ(t-vx/c2) and x’=γ(x-vt), as make x’=0, get x=vt, then bring x=vt into t’=γ(t-vx/c2) and obtain t’=γ(t-v2t/c2)=t/γ, where x=vt is inconsistent with the prerequisite x=ct. Here, an absolute simultaneity based on momentum conservation is proposed, according to which it is revealed that the mathematical result of the Lorentz transformation t’=γ(t-vx/c2) deduced from x’=γ(x-vt), x=ct and x’=ct’ cannot accord with both the physical result the factor of the time dilation γ and the physical prerequisite the synchronization of photons because the mathematical prerequisite x’=ct’ is incorrect. Furthermore, according to Space Motion Theory, the reason why x’=ct’ incorrect is analyzed and attributed to red‒shift‒induced position velocity variation of photons. And finally, how the relativity of simultaneity defends the mathematical result t’=γ(t-vx/c2) is pointed.
Semantic Embedding Mechanisms for Context-Driven Task Generalization in Large Language Models
Authors: Fossan Shervan , Featherstonehaugh William , Montgomery Abigail , Thistledown Alexander
Published: December 2024

The emergent semantic embedding mechanism introduces a dynamic approach to contextual representation within large language models, enhancing their adaptability across diverse linguistic tasks. By integrating both local token-level relationships and global document-level coherence, the mechanism ensures that generated outputs maintain contextual relevance and semantic fidelity. Hierarchical clustering algorithms facilitate the organization of semantic features into multi-level representations, promoting robust generalization capabilities. Attention-based alignment strategies further contribute to consistency across input-output mappings, even in complex linguistic scenarios. Empirical evaluations demonstrate significant improvements in performance metrics, showing the mechanism's effectiveness in addressing limitations inherent in traditional embedding techniques. Theoretical analyses support the scalability and efficiency of the approach, indicating its potential for widespread application in natural language processing systems. The integration of adaptive gradient propagation techniques ensures stable convergence during large-scale training, contributing to the overall robustness of the model. Fine-tuned weighting schemes prioritize high-impact semantic features, effectively minimizing noise from less relevant tokens. The proposed mechanism represents a significant advancement in the field, offering a scalable pathway for enhancing representational learning in large language models.
Automated Ransomware Detection Using Hierarchical Encryption Deviation Analysis
Authors: Londemure Denis , Eversleigh Florence , Merriweather Arthur , Thorncroft Isabella , Harrington William
Published: December 2024

The increasing reliance on encryption in cyberattacks has highlighted the urgent need for detection systems capable of addressing sophisticated adversarial techniques. A multi-layered approach known as Hierarchical Encryption Deviation Analysis (HEDA) was developed, offering precise anomaly detection through the analysis of cryptographic deviations across hierarchical layers. The framework achieved high detection accuracy, exceeding 92\% for modern ransomware variants, including LockBit, Hive, BlackCat, and Conti, while maintaining low false positive rates, particularly for benign encrypted files. Its scalability was demonstrated through stress tests involving large datasets, where minimal latency and resource usage ensured compatibility with real-time operational requirements. A comparative evaluation against signature-based and behavior-based detection systems revealed superior performance in detecting polymorphic ransomware and adversarially crafted samples. The modular system design enabled seamless integration into existing security infrastructures, while energy-efficient processing addressed sustainability concerns in enterprise environments. Experimental results further highlighted the system’s robustness in high-bandwidth network conditions, where rapid processing and adaptability were maintained across varying levels of traffic. Through detailed cryptographic analysis, the framework effectively isolated malicious behaviors, even in cases involving complex encryption schemes and high randomness. The study also emphasized the practicality of integrating anomaly detection techniques with machine learning models to provide a scalable and adaptable solution for ransomware mitigation. By focusing on hierarchical structures, the methodology supports a comprehensive evaluation of encryption patterns, ensuring robust detection capabilities across diverse operational scenarios. The findings contribute significantly to advancing the field of cybersecurity, offering actionable strategies for combating encryption-based threats in an increasingly hostile cyber landscape.
Potential global public health risks of claw crane (crane grabber) machines
Authors: Newall Philip
Published: December 2024

Gambling as a youth is an established risk-factor for experiencing lifetime gambling harm. Although much youth gambling research focuses on illegal engagement with age-restricted products, the recent innovation of video game ‘loot boxes’ has helped direct attention toward gambling-like activities which have no minimum legal age of use. For example, the 2023 Gambling Commission Great British youth gambling survey suggested that, in the past year, 21% of youth had paid money to open loot boxes, compared to only for example 3% that had played on age-restricted slot machines. This means that loot boxes could be a significant contributor to population-based youth harms, even if age-restricted gambling formats have higher rates of harm for each youth engaging in the activity. The same youth gambling survey suggested that 19.6% of youth had in the past year paid to play ‘claw crane’ (a.k.a ‘crane grabber’) machines, which are arcade machines where a claw crane is manipulated to try to win some prize, often a soft/plush toy of particular appeal to youth. The present work intends to raise awareness of the potential global public health risks of claw cranes, by highlighting their high rates of global engagement, their potential contribution to harm, and their continuing technological evolution.
Haptic size perception is influenced by body and object orientation
Authors: McManus Meaghan , Harris Laurence , Fiehler Katja
Published: December 2024

Changes in body orientation from standing have been shown to impact our perception of visual size. This has been attributed to the vestibular system’s involvement in constructing a representation of the space around our body. In the current study we investigated how body posture influences haptic size perception. Blindfolded participants were tasked with estimating the felt length of a rod and then adjusting it back to its previously felt size (after it had been set to a random length). Participants could feel and adjust the rod in the same posture, standing or supine, or after a change in posture. If the body orientation relative to gravity impacts size perception, we might expect changes in haptic size perception following body tilt. In support of this hypothesis, after changing between standing and supine postures there was a change in the rod’s haptically perceived length but only when the orientation of the rod itself also changed with respect to gravity but not when its orientation was constant. This suggests that body posture influences not only visual but also haptic size perception, potentially due to the vestibular system contributing to the encoding of space around the body with respect to gravity.
Disinformation elicits learning biases
Authors: Vidal-Perez Juan , Dolan Raymond J , Moran Rani
Published: December 2024

In open societies disinformation is often considered a threat to the very fabric of democracy. However, we know little about how disinformation exerts its impact, especially its influences on individual learning processes. Guided by the notion that disinformation exerts its pernicious effects by capitalizing on learning biases, we ask which aspects of learning from potential disinformation align with normative “Bayesian” principles, and which exhibit biases deviating from these standards. To this end, we harnessed a reinforcement learning framework, offering computationally tractable models capable of estimating latent aspects of a learning process as well as identifying biases in learning. Across two experiments, computational modelling indicated that learning increased in tandem with source credibility, consistent with normative Bayesian principles. However, we also observed striking biases reflecting divergence from normative learning patterns. Notably, individuals learned from sources that should have been ignored, as these were known to be fully unreliable. Additionally, the presence of disinformation elicited exaggerated learning from trustworthy information (akin to jumping to conclusions) and exacerbated a “positivity bias” whereby individuals self-servingly boost their learning from positive, compared to negative, choice-feedback. Thus, in the face of disinformation we identify specific cognitive mechanisms underlying learning biases, with potential implications for societal strategies aimed at mitigating its harmful impacts.
Judgment and Attention towards Male and Female Harm-Doers: An Eye-Tracking Investigation in Community Adults and Inmates
Authors: Zajenkowska Anna , Bodecka-Zych Marta , Duda Ewa , Kaźmierczak Izabela , Jakubowska Adrianna , Zarazińska Anna , Lawrence Claire , Okruszek Łukasz
Published: December 2024

Women’s aggressive acts are in some circumstances perceived as more intentional but at the same time more acceptable than male aggression. Women typically display less direct, especially physical, aggression, and there are fewer instances of female harm-doers, which may draw more visual attention. That is why the main aim of the current project was to investigate gender differences in ascriptions of intentionality and blame to both male and female harm doers, as well attention to their faces using eye tracking methodology. We conducted three studies: Study 1 was done among adults (N = 122, M = 23.94; SD = 5.33, range from 18 to 49) from the general community and focused on ambiguous aggressive encounters. The second study aimed to replicate Study 1 (N = 120, M = 28.88; SD = 10.42, range from 17 to 80) but also tested the hypotheses in clearly hostile scenes, where someone was undeniably harmed. In a third study (N = 60, M = 38.55; SD = 9.45, range 22 to 60), we aimed to replicate the findings of the first studies in aggressive-prone participants: imprisoned violent offenders men and women. The eye-tracking data in all three studies indicated that female harm doers as compared to male harm doers captured more attention. Additionally, there were no clear gender differences in attribution of intentionality and blame ascription to both male and female harm-doers.
Navigating Early-Stage Migration: Comparing QAnon Community Dynamics on Twitter, Parler, and Dotwin
Authors: Rastogi Naman , Kogan Marina , Hill Aly
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the impact of platform migration on theQAnon community during their transition from Twitter to alterna-tive platforms like Parler and Dotwin following initial widespreadaccount bans on Twitter. We examine how QAnon’s community dy-namics—including user roles and activities—evolved amidst this mi-gration by analyzing their activities on Twitter, Parler, and Dotwinin the months leading up to the Jan 6th Capitol attack. We assessuser engagement and influence changes, categorizing users intofive distinct roles: ’common users,’ ‘broadcasters,’ ’influentials,’ ’hid-den influentials,’ and ’lurkers.’ Our findings challenge traditionallinear migration models by revealing extremist communities’ com-plex, multi-platform engagement during early-stage migration. Ourfindings also suggest the importance of platform affordances insupporting various user roles in extremist communities. Our re-search also broadens the scope of existing literature by offering alongitudinal cross-platform analysis, providing new insights intothe evolving dynamics of extremist online activity.
The impact of smart tourism ecosystem on tourists' return intention: The case of HoChi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Anh Huỳnh Diệp Trâm , Giao Ha Nam Khanh , Lan Hồ Thị Hương
Published: December 2024

The smart tourism service ecosystem integrates tourism services between human factors and the technological environment to enhance the tourism experience. The study was conducted based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model framework to consider different aspects, such as social, cultural, physical, and environmental stimuli that affect simultaneously memorable tourist experiences as internal reactions and satisfaction, intention to visit again as the final reaction. A quantitative study using PLS-SEM techniques to test and predict the model by surveying 407 tourists who have visited HCMC and used the “Vibrant HoChiMinh” application between March-May 2024 ato validate this framework. These findings provide insight into the relationship between smart tourism service ecosystems, memorable tourist experiences, satisfaction, and revisit intention. Based on the findings, we discuss theoretical and managerial implications and suggest directions for future research.
MushBox: In Situ Biodegradation Of Municipal Solid Waste Via Mycelium And Cellulosic Waste Integration
Authors: Basanth Samarth
Published: December 2024

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a pressing environmental issue, constituting 60% of the 292.4 million tons of waste annually. MSW contributes to ecological disruptions, groundwater contamination, wildlife harm, and climate change. MushBox uses mycoremediation to break down MSW with mycelium, housed in modular bricks made from recycled cellulosic waste. Placed in landfills, MushBox initiates mycelial growth, efficiently decomposing waste like di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, lignin, pharmaceuticals, and plastics. Tested fungal strains such as Pestalotiopsis and Pleurotus Ostreatus optimized decomposition rates. Cellulosic substrates were evaluated for their ability to support mycelial growth. AI models were developed for customized MushBox production. In landfill trials, MushBox degraded 1.19 tons of MSW within a year in compact 1x1x1 foot units, with computer simulations showing scalable waste breakdown. MushBox innovations extend beyond waste management, aiding land reclamation and combating climate change by reducing landfill waste and removing pollutants like microplastics and leachates.
Divergence vs. Convergence: What Do We Need? --Substitutes for “Attention”
Authors: Jin Yi
Published: December 2024

This paper demonstrates that both similarity- and dissimilarity-weighted averages of features of elements (WAFE and anti-WAFE) in a sequence are effective for exchanging information among the elements. The paper also presents mean squared error and mean absolute error as effective substitutes for dot products in WAFE, effectively replacing the dot product-based "Attention" mechanism in Transformers. The code and weights are available for download from GitHub: https://github.com/yjauyb/WAFE-anti-WAFE.git.
Our world
Authors: Pyrrhon
Published: December 2024

This paper deeply discusses our subjective existence essence, natural existence ontology in its evolution form, the essence of intelligence and the comparative analysis between human and artificial intelligence, and analyzes AGI and the future artificial intelligence society. First of all, this paper analyzes from the theoretical framework of the subject perspective, and expounds that the essence of consciousness is the change of content in the perspective of the subject, which is an equivalent to the change of the structure of the entity. Then, this paper discusses the formation law of various self-organization phenomena under the framework of self-evolution theory, how all things evolved from the basic structure, and analyzes and summarizes the self-evolution entity structure of each stage. At the same time, this paper analyzes how natural selection and profit avoidance can promote the evolution of adaptive and negative feedback structure, and gradually complicate the physical structure to simulate and respond to natural changes. Then, this paper discusses how intelligence emerges in the self-evolution mechanism, then summarizes the essence of intelligence, analyzes and defines the essential characteristics of general intelligence, and analyzes the essence of human intelligence and artificial intelligence. Finally, this paper puts forward a thought experiment to realize AGI and analyzes the future artificial intelligence society. The systematic discussion and analysis of this paper is of profound value in the rapid entry of human civilization into the stage of artificial intelligence. Human beings have never experienced the events of iterative creation, and have insufficient understanding of the feature and importance of them.
An Exploratory Analysis of Remittances, Financial Development, and Economic Growth Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model for Nigeria
Authors: Amadi Matthew Chima , ODOZI JOHN CHIWUZULUM
Published: December 2024

The increasing flow of remittances and the growth of Nigeria's diaspora population are attracting policy discussions and debates. Many scholars view the mobilization of remittances as a more resilient channel for development financing compared to other traditional sources. The study explores the role of remittances in economic growth and the financial development pathway empirically. We used autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and Granger causality techniques and time series data covering the period from 1996 to 2020. From the table, we found a statistically significant negative long-run relationship between remittances and economic growth. However, in the short run, a significant positive relationship was found to exist between remittances and financial development reflecting a complementary relationship. Our findings also showed that foreign direct investment (FDI) and gross domestic formation(GCF) were statistically significant in their relationship with financial development in the long run. From the pairwise Granger test, a unidirectional causality from remittance inflows (Rem) to financial development was established while bidirectional causality between foreign direct investment (FDI) and gross capital formation (GCF). The study concludes that a certain degree of financial development might stifle long-term economic progress, and the combined effect of financial development and remittances should be of concern to policymakers. Given the study's finding of a negative contribution of remittances to economic growth in the long run, a significant policy consequence is that efforts to encourage remittances and those to improve the financial system should be undertaken concurrently.
The Social Stratification of the Effect of Parental Investment on Grit: A Case of South Korea
Authors: Hwang Eugene
Published: December 2024

Theory and empirical evidence suggest that parents often allocate their investments unevenly among their children, resulting in disparities within families. This study explores two key questions: (1) Do parents reinforce or compensate for differences in their children’s grit, a critical indicator of socioemotional development? and (2) Do these parental responses vary according to family socioeconomic status (SES)? Drawing on data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey, this study examines cohorts of elementary (4th grade) and middle (7th grade) school students to shed light on the mechanisms that perpetuate inequalities in socioemotional skills within a society characterized by intense educational competition.The sibling fixed-effects models reveal three key findings. First, parental investment in children’s socioemotional development predominantly takes the form of reinforcement rather than compensation. Second, reinforcing parenting behaviors are more pronounced among middle-school children than elementary-school children, reflecting shifts in parental strategies during adolescence. Third, these reinforcement patterns are more prevalent in high-SES families, particularly those with highly educated parents. These findings highlight the role of family background in shaping access to socioemotional resources and have significant implications for understanding the reproduction of inequality through educational and developmental pathways.
Forms of Capital, Social Change and the Weight of the Past. The Effective Agents of the Swiss Field of Power 1910-2015
Authors: Rossier Thierry , Lunding Jacob Aagaard
Published: December 2024

In this article we delve into the elites’ evolving forms of power to study the relationship between social change and capital accumulation. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's notion of the field of power and relying on the identification of the field’s effective agents in Switzerland, we investigate the changing relations among the most important forms of capital. We use prosopographical data spanning six historical periods from 1910 to 2015 and thanks to multiple correspondence analysis we uncover the changing structure of the field of power. We show the dominance of economic and organisational network powers throughout history. While both forms of power opposed before World War 2, they could be accumulated together between the 1950s and the 1980s but opposed again in the recent period. The article contributes to 'big picture' sociology, offering historical accounts of broad social trends and provides evidence of a recent return to past inequality logics.
The effect of fires on the composition of aliphatic compounds in the steppe soils of Khakassia
Authors:   Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russkikh I.V. , Strelnikova E.B. ,   Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study was to assess the composition of aliphatic compounds in soils of post-pyrogenic territories of the steppe zone.
Location and time of the study. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-1 cm (litter – steppe felt) and from a depth of 1-10 cm. three months after the fires at the undisturbed (control) and post-pyrogenic study sites in the Shirinsky district in the vicinity of the village (southern chernozem) and in the Ust-Abakan district near Ust-Abakan (southern chernozem) and Chernogorsk (chestnut soil).
Methods. Organic compounds were isolated from dried and crushed soils by extraction with 7% methanol solution in chloroform. The composition of organic aliphatic compounds was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Results. Hydrocarbons (n-alkanes), saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, ketones (n-alkane-2-ones, 10-nonacosanone, 16-gentriacontanone), n-aldehydes, alcohol 1-hexacosanol were found in the composition of soil aliphatic compounds. The total content of biomolecules in the upper soil layer of the control site was on average reduced by 82% compared to the litter. Under the influence of fire, there was a sharp decrease in the amount of n-aldehydes, fatty acids, and long-chain ketones in the litter, as compared with the undisturbed sites. The distribution of n-alkanes in soils was bimodal in nature: the first mode was represented by low–molecular even homologues C14–C22, common in microorganisms (mainly aerobic bacteria and fungi); the second mode was represented by the high–molecular odd structures C23-C35, indicating the contribution of terrestrial plants in soil organic matter. In the distribution of n-alkanes of soil felts after fires, an increase in the proportion of even low molecular mass homologues was found. In comparison with the control sites, a higher content of low molecular mass homologues was also characteristic of the n-aldehydes of the most litter samples of the of burnt areas. The fire affected the steppe felt and the topsoil itself to varying degrees. The initially low soil content of biomolecules and the distribution nature of the individual homologous series in burnt areas practically did not change as compared with the control sites. Thus, under the influence of fire, certain classes of biomolecules were destroyed, primarily those containing long paraffin chains. Later on, as a result of soil microbial activity, such compounds as low-molecular even n-alkanes are additionally formed.
Conclusion. Analysis of aliphatic compounds composition in Khakassia steppe soils in the undisturbed and post-pyrogenic sites showed that biomarkers such as n-alkanes and n-aldehydes are environmental indicators of their sources, degradation processes, pyrogenic destruction and soil organic matter transformation.
Classification of Indonesian Tale Categories using Support Vector Machine and FastText Feature Extraction
Authors: Irmanda Helena Nurramdhani , Astriratma Ria , Zaidiah Ati , Hadi Muhammad Rahman , Putra Nayandra Agastia
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this work is to develop a model to classify the various kinds of Indonesian folktales and to assess how well the support vector machine (SVM) approach and fastText feature extraction perform. The first phase of the study process is the gathering of data, namely the fairy tale dataset that has been annotated with categorizations for each genre of fairy tale. Following the collection of data, the pre-processing step is conducted. The purpose of the pre-processing step is to prepare the data for further processing in the subsequent stage. Following the completion of the preprocessing step, the training data and testing data are segregated. The subsequent step involves doing feature extraction using fastText. Moreover, the classification process is conducted using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach in order to get the ultimate outcome of the modeling process. The last phase involves assessing the performance of the constructed model. The categorization model for Indonesian fairy tales has a commendable accuracy rate of 85%, indicating its effectiveness. The aforementioned findings are substantiated by an accuracy metric of 85%, a recall metric of 85%, and an F1-score of 86%, indicating favorable outcomes.Previous researchs have not conducted any studies on the categorization of types of Indonesian fairy tales.
PROSPECTS OF REVIVING ISLAMIC CIVILISATION THROUGH PUBLIC SPACES: MUSLIM CIVILITY AT THE 2022 FIFA WORLD CUP
Authors: Poljarevic Emin
Published: December 2024

This essay explores how public spaces promote Muslim civility and
contribute to the revival of Islamic civilisation, with a focus on the
2022 FIFA World Cup (WC22) in Qatar. The central question is, if,
and how do public spaces, structured around Muslim civility, support
the revival (tajdīd) of Islamic thought? Through the World Cup,
Qatar created environments where diverse individuals engaged and
shared experiences, fostering understanding across cultural, ethnic,
class, and religious lines. These spaces go beyond mere consumption,
serving as platforms for dialogue, interaction, and even civilisational
exchange. Islamic public ethics—hospitality, compassion, and
justice—were showcased in these cosmopolitan settings,
demonstrating how such open, inclusive spaces are essential for
Islamic revival. They allow Muslims to reinterpret traditional
principles in addressing contemporary issues like Islamophobia and
secularism. The World Cup exemplified not just a sporting event, but
a microcosm of how Islamicate societies can navigate the
intersection of modernity and tradition. By encouraging
inter-civilisational encounters, these spaces hold the potential to
showcase and make meaningful Islamic ethical principles in
contemporary world by highlighting the significance of public spaces
in this long durée revival process.
ISLAMIC AND CHRISTIAN WORK ETHICS: AN ANALYSIS
Authors: Irfan Sumera , Bin Ibrahim Muhammad Burhan , Ushama Thameem
Published: December 2024

Various scholars have been inspired by ethics and value systems
across the centuries. However, conversations on such topics –
especially in academia – have been conducted from a
Judeo-Christian perspective, without giving much attention to other
systems of thought. Thus, we argue that the Islamic view of ethical
consideration and work needs to be explored more. This article
explores the notion of Islamic work ethics, and its dimensions in
contrast to Christian work ethics. This study contributes towards
removing any misconceptions of Islamic work ethics and to clearly
understand the Islamic view of work ethics and its implementation.
Findings revealed that the notion of work ethics, as generally
understood, is specifically related to work only. However, work
ethics in Islam is an essential constituent of a typical Muslim's life,
which is part of the Islamic tradition. Islamic work ethics is not only
related to work but is equally applicable in all fields of life,
irrespective of religious beliefs.
REIMAGINING ISLAMIC DISCOURSE: TOWARDS A GLOBAL ETHICAL FRAMEWORK FOR CONTEMPORARY LEADERSHIP
Authors: Gilani Maqbool Hassan , Ali Saima , Mohyiddeen Ghulam
Published: December 2024

In relation to current issues facing global civilisations, there is a
crucial need to highlight the Islamic paradigm in dealing with such
challenges. This study explores the necessity of encouraging Islamic
dialogue to promote stronger connections and involvement with
worldwide cultures. This research explores how ethical leadership in
Islamic thinking might help create a more inclusive, compassionate,
and morally grounded global society. This study examines the
fundamental principles of ethical leadership in Islam by combining
classical Islamic sources, modern scholarship, and real-world case
studies. The text explores the various aspects of ethical leadership,
including qualities like integrity, justice, compassion, and
accountability, as taught in Islamic principles and demonstrated by
individuals in history. It also examines how these principles might be
used to tackle current concerns that global civilisations are dealing
with, such as governance, social justice, environmental protection,
and interfaith cooperation. This research uses an interdisciplinary
approach combining theology, philosophy, and social sciences to
enhance Islamic discourse and make it relevant to many cultural and
ideological perspectives. It stresses the significance of adapting
Islamic ideas to modern contexts while maintaining their ethical core
and universal nature. It promotes communication, collaboration, and
mutual understanding among civilisations, recognising the richness
and diversity of human experiences and viewpoints. This research
suggests that incorporating ethical leadership into Islamic teachings
has the potential to make a meaningful contribution to the shared
goals of world civilisations. A collaborative effort is needed from
researchers, leaders, and communities to participate in a
transformational discussion that goes beyond limits, encourages
empathy, and supports the common good. This will help advance the
collective goal of creating a fair, peaceful, and prosperous world.
THE ARTISTIC COMPOSITION OF ARABIC CALLIGRAPHY IN THE KISWAH OF THE HOLY KAABA: A DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTICAL STUDY
Authors: Alashari Duaa , Berghout Abdelaziz
Published: December 2024

The Kaaba's Kiswah carries inherited aesthetics with an ancient
historical and cultural character. The Kiswah of the Kaaba is one of
the earth's holiest and most precious fabrics, as it covers the Sacred
House of Allah and carries sublime sanctity meanings. It embodies
Qur'anic verses, expressions of monotheism, and some of the most
beautiful names of God, which have added to the honourable
covering more solemnity, beauty, and Majesty. Therefore, this study
aims to provide an accurate and detailed descriptive study of the
totality of Arabic calligraphy and calligraphic formations in form
and textual content during the reign of King Salman Al Saud. The
study also aims to provide a complete analytical description of the
written contents of the lines and calligraphic formations, the type of
compositions, and the general structure of the compositions on all
four sides of the Holy Kaaba. The approach followed in the study is
the content analysis approach. The current study will be based on
observation. The study found that the covering of the Holy Kaaba is
based in its design on a group of Qur'anic verses selected by
scholars. These lines were written intertwined within various
calligraphic formations, woven in the clear Thuluth script, and
combined with prominent letters to show the splendour of Arabic
calligraphy and its aesthetics and the manifestation of the elements of
Islamic securitization.
TECHNO-JAHILIYYAH: EXAMINING TRANSHUMANISM THROUGH THE ISLAMIC LENS
Authors: Adnan Asif
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the philosophical underpinnings of
Transhumanism through the lens of the Islamic concept of Jahiliyyah.
By examining the metanarratives of modernity that shape the
transhumanist worldview, particularly those of autonomy, progress,
and techno-salvationism, the paper argues that Transhumanism
represents a form of secular enchantment. The analysis posits that
Transhumanism emerges as a reaction to the crisis of meaning and
purpose in modernity. Transhumanism's secular enchantment arises
from its attempt to address the nihilistic implications of modernity.
Applying the Qutbian framework of Jahiliyyah, the paper posits that
Transhumanism is a manifestation of techno-jahiliyyah—a state of
existential ignorance marked by an unwavering faith in science and
technology as the exclusive means of transcendence and salvation. In
response, the paper presents an Islamic counternarrative that
emphasizes divine guidance, the integration of faith and reason, and
the role of humans as Khalifah on earth.
EARLY IDEAS ON REFORM AND RENEWAL THROUGH JOURNALISM IN THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO: HAMKA’S ACCOUNTS IN AYAHKU (1950)
Authors: Merican Ahmad Murad
Published: December 2024

Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (Hamka), referred to as the
‘Hamzah Fansuri of the modern era,’ writes about his ulama and
scholar father, Haji Rasul’s contribution to modernist thinking in
Sumatra. This is encapsulated in Hamka’s book Ayahku (My Father),
first published in 1950. Hamka (1908-81), an essayist, journalist,
public historian, scholar, novelist, writer and ulama, was prolific in
his writings. Hamka’s writing activity had closely followed his
participation in the pilgrimage to Mecca in 1927. This is when we
see Hamka being closely involved in a principal medium for the
spread of modernist ideas, namely periodicals, which were
expanding rapidly the spread of the printing presses. His writings
and narratives represent a ‘key factor’ in modernist reformism.
Hamka’s works are certainly pertinent to the study of Malay society.
He left us with an abundance of sources on the dynamics of culture
and change in the Malay peninsula and in Sumatra, especially within
the Ranah Minangkabau (Minangkabau heartland). In Ayahku, first
published on 1st January 1950, Hamka wrote that writing about his
father is similar to writing on the development of Islam in
Minangkabau - difficult, complex, and contradictory, reflecting a
society fundamentally rooted in the encounter between
“pembangunan agamanya dan kekerasan adatnya” (advancement of
religion and the orthodoxy of its customs). This paper delves on
Chapter six titled “Semangat Pembaharuan Islam dan Mengalirnya
ke Indonesia” (The Spirit of Islamic Renewal and its Penetration into
Indonesia) of Ayahku. Many have narrated on al-Imam, and its
origins. This paper focuses on Hamka’s views, his observations and
experience on the role of the press and journalism in the contexts of
reform and renewal. It peculiarly illustrates the spirit and dynamics
of al-Imam in the Minangkabau heartland. The significance is
Hamka’s engaging perspective on journalism as an instrument of
reform and renewal in the Malay world is seen through the role of
his father. Hamka attributes the Paris-based magazine titled
al-Urwatul Wutsqa (1884) as producing the climate of “kesedaran”
(awareness) among Muslims. According to Hamka, the magazine
was the outcome of the engagement between Syeikh Muhammad
Abduh, with Sayid Jamaludin (Al-Afghani). Both travelled to Paris
due to unfavourable intellectual and political conditions in the
Middle East. al-Urwatul Wutsqa contained anti-colonial narratives,
instigating “kebangkitan Islam” (resurgence). To Hamka, the
magazine’s significance, which later inspired the al-Azhar-based
al-Manar, which later influenced al-Imam and al-Munir in the Malay
Archipelago, as based on the combination between the power of
Muhammad Abduh’s words and the depth of Jamaluddin
al-Afghani’s philosophy. In Ayahku, we find the critical role of the
press in the circulation of modernity to the Malays.