bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spike-shape dependence of the spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity in ferroelectric-tunnel-junction synapses
Authors: Stoliar P. , Yamada H. , Toyosaki Y. , Sawa A.
Published: November 2019

Resistive switching (RS) devices have attracted increasing attention for artificial synapse applications in neural networks because of their nonvolatile and analogue resistance changes. Among the neural networks, a spiking neural network (SNN) based on spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is highly energy efficient. To implement STDP in resistive switching devices, several types of voltage spikes have been proposed to date, but there have been few reports on the relationship between the STDP characteristics and spike types. Here, we report the STDP characteristics implemented in ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) by several types of spikes. Based on simulated time evolutions of superimposed spikes and taking the nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of FTJs into account, we propose equations for simulating the STDP curve parameters of a magnitude of the conductance change (ΔGmax) and a time window (τC) from the spike parameters of a peak amplitude (Vpeak) and time durations (tp and td) for three spike types: triangle-triangle, rectangular-triangle, and rectangular-rectangular. The power consumption experiments of the STDP revealed that the power consumption under the inactive-synapse condition (spike timing |Δt| > τC) was as large as 50–82% of that under the active-synapse condition (|Δt| < τC). This finding indicates that the power consumption under the inactive-synapse condition should be reduced to minimize the total power consumption of an SNN implemented by using FTJs as synapses.
Geochemistry of Gold Ores Mined During Celtic Times from the North-Western French Massif Central
Authors: Baron Sandrine , Tămaș Călin G. , Rivoal Marion , Cauuet Béatrice , Télouk Philippe , Albarède Francis
Published: November 2019

The Celtic culture of Western Europe left magnificent gold objects, such as jewellery and weapons from nobility graves and hoarded coins, as well as field evidence of pre-Roman gold mining and metallurgical workshops that attest to the mining of local ores. This is the case of Central France where many precious metallic ores have been mined throughout the ages from the Prehistoric times onwards. One of the lingering problems in assessing the provenance of gold artefacts and coins is the lack of relevant data on the isotope geochemistry and mineralogy of ore sources. Forty gold ores samples were collected and studied from Limousin (French Massif Central), a very significant gold mining district from the Celtic times. Their Pb isotope compositions clearly show a local dichotomy i.e. two distinct groups of ores, one of Late Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic Pb model age and another associated to Variscan ages and consistent with field relationships, mineralogy and elemental analyses. The use of Cu and Ag isotopes, and their coupling with Pb isotopes, will refine the tracing of future metal provenance studies, but also highlight some metallurgical practices like deliberate metal additions to gold artefact or debasement of gold coins. The newly acquired Pb, Ag, and Cu isotopic data on gold ores improves our understanding of ore deposits geology and provide clarifications on the provenance of Celtic gold from this area and its economic importance.
Variations in microbial community structure and functional gene expression in bio-treatment processes with odorous pollutants
Authors: Li Weidong , Ni Jianguo , Cai Shaoqin , Liu Ying , Shen Chenjia , Yang Huayun , Chen Yuquan , Tao Jia , Yu Yunfeng , Liu Qi
Published: November 2019

Engineered microbial ecosystems in biofilters have been widely applied to treat odorous gases from industrial emissions. Variations in microbial community structure and function associated with the removal of odorous gases by biofilters are largely unknown. This study performed a metagenomic analysis to discover shifts in microbial community structures in a commercial scale biofilter after treating odorous gas. Our study identified 175,675 functional genes assigned into 43 functional KEGG pathways. Based on the unigene sequences, there were significant changes in microbial community structures in the biofilter after treating odorous gas. The dominant genera were Thiobacillus and Oceanicaulis before the treatment, and were Acidithiobacillus and Ferroplasma after the treatment. A clustering analysis showed that the number of down-regulated microbes exceeded the number of up-regulated microbes, suggesting that odorous gas treatment reduced in microbial community structures. A differential expression analysis identified 29,975 up- and 452,599 down-regulated genes. An enrichment analysis showed 17 classic types of xenobiotic biodegradation pathways. The results identified 16 and 15 genes involved in ammonia and sulfite metabolism, respectively; an analysis of their relative abundance identified several up-regulated genes, which may be efficient genes involved in removing odorous gases. The data provided in this study demonstrate the changes in microbial communities and help identify the dominant microflora and genes that play key roles in treating odorous gases.
Transcriptome profiling reveals transcriptional and alternative splicing regulation in the early embryonic development of hair follicles in the cashmere goat
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Wang Lele , Li Zhen , Chen Dong , Han Wenjing , Wu Zhihong , Shang Fangzheng , Hai Erhan , Wei Yaxun , Su Rui , Liu Zhihong , Wang Ruijun , Wang Zhiying , Zhao Yanhong , Wang Zhixin , Zhang Yi , Li Jinquan
Published: November 2019

The undercoat fiber of the cashmere goat, from the secondary hair follicle (HF), possesses commercial value. However, very few studies have focused on the molecular details of primary and secondary HF initiation and development in goat embryos. In this study, skin samples at embryonic day 45, 55, and 65 (E45, E55, and E65) were collected and prepared for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). We found that the HF probably initiated from E55 to E65 by analyzing the functional pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Most key genes in canonical signaling pathways, including WNT, TGF-β, FGF, Hedgehog, NOTCH, and other factors showed clear expression changes from E55 to E65. We, for the first time, explored alternative splicing (AS) alterations, which showed distinct patterns among these three stages. Functional pathways of AS-regulated genes showed connections to HF development. By comparing the published RNA-seq samples from the E60, E120, and newborn (NB) stages, we found the majority of WNT/β-catenin signaling genes were important in the initiation of HF development, while other factors including FOXN1, GATA3, and DLX3 may have a consistent influence on HF development. Our investigation supported the time points of embryonic HF initiation and identified genes that have potential functions of embryonic HF initiation and development. We further explored the potential regulatory roles of AS in HF initiation, which extended our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of HF development.
Monitoring tropical forest carbon stocks and emissions using Planet satellite data
Authors: Csillik Ovidiu , Kumar Pramukta , Mascaro Joseph , O’Shea Tara , Asner Gregory P.
Published: November 2019

Tropical forests are crucial for mitigating climate change, but many forests continue to be driven from carbon sinks to sources through human activities. To support more sustainable forest uses, we need to measure and monitor carbon stocks and emissions at high spatial and temporal resolution. We developed the first large-scale very high-resolution map of aboveground carbon stocks and emissions for the country of Peru by combining 6.7 million hectares of airborne LiDAR measurements of top-of-canopy height with thousands of Planet Dove satellite images into a random forest machine learning regression workflow, obtaining an R2 of 0.70 and RMSE of 25.38 Mg C ha−1 for the nationwide estimation of aboveground carbon density (ACD). The diverse ecosystems of Peru harbor 6.928 Pg C, of which only 2.9 Pg C are found in protected areas or their buffers. We found significant carbon emissions between 2012 and 2017 in areas aggressively affected by oil palm and cacao plantations, agricultural and urban expansions or illegal gold mining. Creating such a cost-effective and spatially explicit indicators of aboveground carbon stocks and emissions for tropical countries will serve as a transformative tool to quantify the climate change mitigation services that forests provide.
Clopidogrel plus Aspirin Use is Associated with Worse Long-Term Outcomes, but Aspirin Use Alone is Safe in Patients with Vasospastic Angina: Results from the VA-Korea Registry, A Prospective Multi-Center Cohort
Authors: Cho Seong-Sik , Jo Sang-Ho , Han Seung Hwan , Lee Kwan Yong , Her Sung-Ho , Lee Min-Ho , Seo Won-Woo , Kim Sung Eun , Yang Tae-Hyun , Park Keun-Ho , Suh Jung-Won , Lee Byoung-Kwon , Rha Seung-Woon , Gwon Hyeon-Cheol , Baek Sang Hong
Published: November 2019

Anti-platelet agents are commonly used in vasospastic angina (VA) patients with comorbidity like coronary artery disease. However, long-term clinical outcomes in the use of aspirin, clopidogrel or the two agents together have rarely been investigated in VA patients. In a prospective study, we enrolled 2960 patients who received coronary angiography and ergonovine provocation test at 11 university hospitals in Korea. Among them, 1838 patients were diagnosed either with definite (n = 680) or intermediate (n = 1212) VA, using the criteria of chest pain, ECG changes and ergonovine provocation test results. They were analyzed according to their use of aspirin, clopidogrel or both, or no anti-platelet agent at all. The primary outcome was time to composite events of death from any cause, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and symptomatic arrhythmia during a 3-year follow-up. A primary composite outcome was significantly more common in the aspirin plus clopidogrel group, at 10.8% (14/130), as compared with the non-antiplatelet group, at 4.4% (44/1011), (hazard ratio [HR] 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32–4.40, p = 0.004). With regard to the person-time event rate, similar results were shown, with the highest rate in the aspirin plus clopidogrel user at 4.72/1000 person months (95% CI, 2.79–7.96, log-rank test for primary outcome p = 0.016). The person-time event of the ACS rate was also highest in that group, at 2.81 (95% CI, 1.46–5.40, log-rank test for ACS p = 0.116). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated poor prognosis in primary outcomes and ACS in aspirin plus clopidogrel users (log-rank test, p = 0.005 and p = 0.0392, respectively). Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, history of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, presence or not of definite spasm, use of calcium channel blocker, demonstrated that the use of aspirin plus clopidogrel is an independent risk for the primary outcome (HR 2.01, CI: 1.07–3.81, p = 0.031). The aspirin-alone group had a similar primary and individual event rate compared to the no-antiplatelet agent group (HR 0.96, CI, 0.59–1.55, p = 0.872). Smokers using aspirin plus clopidogrel had poorer outcomes than non-smokers, with HR 6.36 (CI 2.31–17.54, p = 0.045 for interaction). In conclusion, among VA patients, aspirin plus clopidogrel use is associated with a poor clinical outcome at 3 years, especially in ACS. Aspirin alone appears to be safe for use in those patients.
Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules: Performance of a Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network Model vs. Radiologists
Authors: Park Vivian Y. , Han Kyunghwa , Seong Yeong Kyeong , Park Moon Ho , Kim Eun-Kyung , Moon Hee Jung , Yoon Jung Hyun , Kwak Jin Young
Published: November 2019

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems hold potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid ultrasound (US). We aimed to develop a deep learning-based US CAD system (dCAD) for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and compare its performance with those of a support vector machine (SVM)-based US CAD system (sCAD) and radiologists. dCAD was developed by using US images of 4919 thyroid nodules from three institutions. Its diagnostic performance was prospectively evaluated between June 2016 and February 2017 in 286 nodules, and was compared with those of sCAD and radiologists, using logistic regression with the generalized estimating equation. Subgroup analyses were performed according to experience level and separately for small thyroid nodules 1–2 cm. There was no difference in overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value and accuracy (all p > 0.05) between radiologists and dCAD. Radiologists and dCAD showed higher specificity, PPV, and accuracy than sCAD (all p < 0.001). In small nodules, experienced radiologists showed higher specificity, PPV and accuracy than sCAD (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, dCAD showed overall comparable diagnostic performance with radiologists and assessed thyroid nodules more effectively than sCAD, without loss of sensitivity.
Earthworms act as biochemical reactors to convert labile plant compounds into stabilized soil microbial necromass
Authors: Angst Gerrit , Mueller Carsten W. , Prater Isabel , Angst Šárka , Frouz Jan , Jílková Veronika , Peterse Francien , Nierop Klaas G. J.
Published: November 2019

Earthworms co-determine whether soil, as the largest terrestrial carbon reservoir, acts as source or sink for photosynthetically fixed CO2. However, conclusive evidence for their role in stabilising or destabilising soil carbon has not been fully established. Here, we demonstrate that earthworms function like biochemical reactors by converting labile plant compounds into microbial necromass in stabilised carbon pools without altering bulk measures, such as the total carbon content. We show that much of this microbial carbon is not associated with mineral surfaces and emphasise the functional importance of particulate organic matter for long-term carbon sequestration. Our findings suggest that while earthworms do not necessarily affect soil organic carbon stocks, they do increase the resilience of soil carbon to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Our results have implications for climate change mitigation and challenge the assumption that mineral-associated organic matter is the only relevant pool for soil carbon sequestration.
Deciphering the orientation of lipid molecules by principal component analysis of Raman mapping data
Authors: Okotrub Konstantin A. , Zykova Valeriya A. , Adichtchev Sergey V. , Surovtsev Nikolay V.
Published: November 2019

Raman spectroscopy reveals the orientational ordering of dry and hydrated phospholipids.
Matrix-assisted nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for soft ionization of metal(i)–protein complexes
Authors: Li Jin , Zheng Yajun , Zhao Jia , Austin Daniel E. , Zhang Zhiping
Published: November 2019

Metal ions play significant roles in biological processes, and investigation of metal–protein interactions provides a basis to understand the functions of metal ions in such systems.
Spontaneous reduction of KMnO4 with MoS2 quantum dots for glutathione sensing in tumors
Authors: Wang Yong , Cai Lulu , Wang Qi , Zhao Mingming , Dong Lina , Xu Kai , Li Jingjing
Published: November 2019

MnO2/MoS2 nanocomplex prepared by a spontaneous redox reaction between KMnO4 and MoS2 QDs realized tumor imaging with AS1411 aptamer.
Magnetic porous organic polymers for extraction of cardiovascular drugs in human urine samples followed by HPLC-UV
Authors: Ren Xue , He Man , Chen Beibei , Hu Bin
Published: November 2019

Prepared magnetic porous organic polymers show high extraction efficiency towards cardiovascular drugs.
Boron and nitrogen dual-doped carbon nanospheres for efficient electrochemical reduction of N2 to NH3
Authors: Xiao Shenglin , Luo Fang , Hu Hao , Yang Zehui
Published: November 2019

Boron and nitrogen dual-doped carbon nanospheres show exceptional nitrogen reduction reaction activity, with an NH3 yield rate of 15.7 μgNH3 h−1 mgcat.−1 and Faradaic efficiency of 8.1% at −0.4 V vs. RHE in acidic electrolyte.
Total synthesis of theHelicobacter pyloriserotype O2 O-antigen α-(1 → 2)- and α-(1 → 3)-linked oligoglucosides
Authors: Tian Guangzong , Qin Chunjun , Liu Zhonghua , Shen Dacheng , Zou Xiaopeng , Fu Junjie , Hu Jing , Seeberger Peter H. , Yin Jian
Published: November 2019

Unique α-(1 → 2)- and α-(1 → 3)-linked oligoglucosides from theH. pyloriserotype O2 O-antigen were synthesized with exclusive α-selectivity using remote participation effects.
Combination of gem-dinitromethyl functionality and a 5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole framework for zwitterionic energetic materials
Authors: Liu Tianlin , Liao Sicheng , Song Siwei , Wang Kangcai , Jin Yunhe , Zhang Qinghua
Published: November 2019

A series of zwitterionic energetic materials was reported, which exhibited higher densities and better detonation performances than common energetic salts.
Light-responsive vesicles for enantioselective release of chiral drugs prepared from a supra-amphiphilic M-helix
Authors: Yan Tengfei , Li Fei , Qi Shuaiwei , Tian Jun , Tian Ruizhen , Hou Jinxing , Luo Quan , Dong Zeyuan , Xu Jiayun , Liu Junqiu
Published: November 2019

A kind of M-helix based vesicle with enantioselective release abilities towards racemic propranolol (a β-blocker) was presented.
Correction: The first two examples of halogen bonding with a sigma hole-donating fluorine in the Csp3–F⋯Osp3 interaction from polyfluorinated trans-dihalo-palladium(ii) di-substituted pyridine complexes
Authors: Elakkat Vijayanath , Chang Chu-Chun , Chen Jun-Yu , Fang Yung-Cheng , Shen Chia-Rui , Liu Ling-Kung , Lu Norman
Published: November 2019

Correction for ‘The first two examples of halogen bonding with a sigma hole-donating fluorine in the Csp3–F⋯Osp3 interaction from polyfluorinated trans-dihalo-palladium(ii) di-substituted pyridine complexes’ by Vijayanath Elakkat et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06731k.
Influence of pH on CeIV-[AsIIIW9O33]9− association for the formation of hexanuclear cerium(iv) oxo-hydroxo-clusters stabilized by trivacant polyanions
Authors: Dufaye Maxime , Duval Sylvain , Stoclet Gregory , Loiseau Thierry
Published: November 2019

Influence of pH on CeIV-AsW9O33 association leads to the formation of four crystalline compounds incorporating classical and distorted hexanuclear cerium clusters.
Size effects on rotational particle diffusion in complex fluids as probed by Magnetic Particle Nanorheology
Authors: Hess Melissa , Roeben Eric , Rochels Patricia , Zylla Markus , Webers Samira , Wende Heiko , Schmidt Annette M.
Published: November 2019

Magnetic Particle Nanorheology is a versatile tool to investigate the size-dependent rheological properties of complex fluids using magnetic tracer particles.
On the influence of exact exchange on transition metal superatoms
Authors: Gilmour J. T. A. , Gaston N.
Published: November 2019

The inclusion of exact exchange in superatomic transition metal cluster calculations influences the net number of superatomic electrons, and consequently the magnetism of the cluster.
PDMS filter structures for size-dependent larval sorting and on-chip egg extraction ofC. elegans
Authors: Atakan Huseyin Baris , Ayhan Furkan , Gijs Martin A. M.
Published: November 2019

We present a microfluidic device for rapid larvae sorting and on-chip egg extraction ofC. elegansat high purity and high throughput.
Dual-target inhibitors of mycobacterial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases among N-benzylidene-N′-thiazol-2-yl-hydrazines
Authors: Kovalenko Oksana P. , Volynets Galyna P. , Rybak Mariia Yu. , Starosyla Sergiy A. , Gudzera Olga I. , Lukashov Sergiy S. , Bdzhola Volodymyr G. , Yarmoluk Sergiy M. , Boshoff Helena I. , Tukalo Michael A.
Published: November 2019

A screen of 37 compounds identified four inhibitors that exhibited dual on-target activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
Novel 3D cesium(i)-based EMOFs of nitrogen-rich triazole derivatives as “green” orange-light pyrotechnics
Authors: Wang Tingwei , Zhou Jinyang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Lin , Zhu Shunguan , Li Yan
Published: November 2019

An ingenious strategy based on energetic metal–organic frameworks with cesium salts for green and practical pyrotechnic composition has been described.
Boron-decorated C9N4 monolayers as promising metal-free catalysts for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction: a first-principles study
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhao Yameng , Wang Zhi , Yang Gui , Tian Junlong , Ma Dongwei , Wang Yuanxu
Published: November 2019

B decoration enables C9N4 monolayer, a novel nodal-line semimetal with high electron mobility, to efficiently catalyze electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction under ambient conditions.
Luminescent down-shifting CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals for flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells
Authors: Kim Ye-Chan , Jeong Ho-Jung , Kim Sung-Tae , Song Young Hyun , Kim Bo Young , Kim Jae Pil , Kang Bong Kyun , Yun Ju-Hyung , Jang Jae-Hyung
Published: November 2019

To overcome the parasitic absorption of UV light in the transparent conductive oxide layer of flexible CIGS solar cells, a CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal based luminescent down-shifting layer was integrated on flexible CIGS solar cells.
Multifunctional gold nanoparticles as smart nanovehicles with enhanced tumour-targeting abilities for intracellular pH mapping and in vivo MR/fluorescence imaging
Authors: Yu Kang-Kang , Li Kun , Lu Chun-Yan , Xie Yong-Mei , Liu Yan-Hong , Zhou Qian , Bao Jin-Ku , Yu Xiao-Qi
Published: November 2019

A number of multimodal agents have been developed for tumour imaging and diagnosis, but most of them cannot be used to study the detailed physiological or pathological changes in living cells at the same time.
Folding of single-stranded circular DNA into rigid rectangular DNA accelerates its cellular uptake
Authors: Ohtsuki Shozo , Shiba Yukako , Maezawa Tatsuoki , Hidaka Kumi , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Endo Masayuki , Takahashi Yuki , Takakura Yoshinobu , Nishikawa Makiya
Published: November 2019

Rectangular DNA with many staples, a more rigid structure than the others, efficiently interacted with immune cells.
Inky flower-like supermicelles assembled from π-conjugated block copolymers
Authors: Wang Meijing , Zhu Yulin , Han Liang , Qi Rui , He Feng
Published: November 2019

Conjugated block copolymers PPV7-b-P2VPn are utilized as building blocks to construct inky flower-like hierarchical supermicelles. The assembly process is tracked and the control of morphology is successfully realized.
The development of a ternary nanocomposite for the removal of Cr(vi) ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Shokry Azza , El Tahan Ayman , Ibrahim Hesham , Soliman Moataz , Ebrahim Shaker
Published: November 2019

The aim is to develop a ternary nanocomposite of polyaniline/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-capped silver nanoparticles/graphene oxide quantum dots as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of the highly toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(vi)) from polluted water.
Chemical looping hydrogen production with modified iron ore as oxygen carriers using biomass pyrolysis gas as fuel
Authors: Xu Tingting , Xiao Bo , Fu Gensheng , Yang Sicheng , Wang Xun
Published: November 2019

The chemical looping hydrogen (CLH) production was conducted in a fluidized bed reactor with the modified iron ore oxygen carriers (OCs) using simulated biomass pyrolysis gas (BPG) as fuel.
Characterization of co-metabolic biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether by a Acinetobacter sp. strain
Authors: Li Shanshan , Wang Dan , Du Dan , Qian Keke , Yan Wei
Published: November 2019

Acinetobacter sp. SL3 could co-metabolically degrade MTBE when grown on n-alkanes. An extremely low TBA accumulation were achieved on n-octane. The fed-batch reactor degradation revealed continuous MTBE degradation capacity by Acinetobacter sp. SL3.
Keto-salicylaldehyde azine: asymmetric substituent effect on their optical properties via electron-donating group insertion
Authors: Tong Jialin , Zhang Kexin , Wang Jing , Li Hui , Zhou Fan , Wang Zhiming , Zhang Xiaojuan , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2019

Asymmetric substitution effect at K-terminal or S-terminal in KSA-based derivatives plays a key role in their AIE performance and metal ion responsiveness via simple intrinsic electronic structure tunings.
Pooled analysis of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Chen Yuan-Zhi , Sun Li-Chang , Wen Yao-Hong , Li Zhong-Wei , Fan Shu-Jin , Tan Hong-Kun , Qiu Min , Pan Zhi-Yong , Li Qin , Zhao Yan-Zhen , Li Zhen-Xing , Guo Xu-Guang
Published: November 2019

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the most serious types of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. However, low sensitivity of culture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increases the difficulty in clinical diagnosis, leading to diagnostic delay, and misdiagnosis. Xpert MTB/RIF assay is a rapid and simple method to detect tuberculosis. However, the efficacy of this technique in diagnosing TBM remains unclear. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Xpert MTB/RIF for TBM, which may enhance the development of early diagnosis of TBM.

Methods: Relevant studies in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were retrieved using the keywords ‘Xpert MTB/RIF’, ‘tuberculous meningitis (TBM)’. The pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, summary receiver operator characteristic curve, and area under the curve (AUC) of Xpert MTB/RIF were determined and analyzed.

Results: A total of 162 studies were enrolled and only 14 met the criteria for meta-analysis. The overall pooled sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF was 63% [95% confidence interval (CI), 59–66%], while the overall pooled specificity was 98.1% (95% CI, 97.5–98.5%). The pooled values of positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 20.91% (12.71–52.82%), 0.40% (0.32–0.50%), and 71.49% (32.64–156.56%), respectively. The AUC was 0.76.

Conclusions: Xpert MTB/RIF exhibited high specificity in diagnosing TBM in CSF samples, but its sensitivity was relatively low. It is necessary to combine other high-sensitive detection methods for the early diagnosis of TBM. Moreover, the centrifugation of CSF samples was found to be beneficial in improving the sensitivity.
Twice optimised near‐field scanning system for antenna characterisation
Authors: Capozzoli Amedeo , Celentano Laura , Curcio Claudio , Liseno Angelo , Savarese Salvatore
Published: November 2019

The near‐field (NF) acquisition time depends on the sampling strategy and on the measurement hardware. Optimised sampling based on singular value optimisation dramatically reduces the number of measurement points and the scanning path length compared to conventional samplings, without impairing the far‐field reconstruction. Furthermore, an optimised control approach, tracking a sufficiently smooth trajectory allows better performance in terms of velocity and precision, significantly reducing the scanning time. We show that the combined use of an optimised sampling and an optimised controller drastically reduces the measurement time. The sampling strategy provides a raster grid of optimally selected rows hosting samples optimally arranged according to a row‐wise non‐uniform distribution. The optimised control drives the NF scanner and the vector network analyser to acquire the data along each row by a continuous probe movement with a variable velocity, accelerating and decelerating between two consecutive sampling points. The sparsity of the NF locations enables a significant increase in the average speed between two consecutive points. The controller is realised with a proportional‐integral‐derivative law with a compensation signal and a filter downstream. The controller does not demand complex hardware and can be realised in an extremely simple, cheap and off‐the‐shelf solution.
Inferring depth contours from sidescan sonar using convolutional neural nets
Authors: Xie Yiping , Bore Nils , Folkesson John
Published: November 2019

Sidescan sonar images are 2D representations of the seabed. The pixel location encodes distance from the sonar and along track coordinate. Thus one dimension is lacking for generating bathymetric maps from sidescan. The intensities of the return signals do, however, contain some information about this missing dimension. Just as shading gives clues to depth in camera images, these intensities can be used to estimate bathymetric profiles. The authors investigate the feasibility of using data driven methods to do this estimation. They include quantitative evaluations of two pixel‐to‐pixel convolutional neural networks trained as standard regression networks and using conditional generative adversarial network loss functions. Some interesting conclusions are presented as to when to use each training method.
The rationale for the development of a method for assessing the roof conditions of mine workings in the conduct of actual mining using the method of geoinformation analysis
Authors: Abramovich Alexander , Stepanov Yuri , Kretschmann Jurgen
Published: November 2019

This article considers the need of developing the method for evaluating the condition of excavation roof using the method of geoinformation analysis. The article also describes the existing research and roof control methods and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. On the basis of this analysis the authors of the article establish the requirements for the method developed. The authors suggest using the geoinformation technologies for modeling, analyzing and evaluating excavation roof condition. We compile a list of tasks which are to be accomplished to develop the method. The paper presents the list of information objects, the database and the properties of these objects. The approach to database implementation is chosen. The database structure is presented. The article also describes the technology of geospatial data analysis, various sections data required for the development evaluation method. The analysis and selection of software for 3D modeling are made up, and 3D models of excavation sites are built.
Accounting for the Steel Lining Influence on the Results of Solid Rock Resistivity Probe from Development Working Boundary
Authors: Ivanov Vadim , Dyagileva Anna , Anyona Seroni
Published: November 2019

When solving problems of predicting the hazards of solid rock bump and outburst in development and stope workings, the resistivity probe methods are often used, in particular, the four-probe method, in which electrodes are placed on the roof or the sill of the mine. The presence of steel lining in the mine significantly affects the measurement results until the complete collapse of electric field, so the electrodes are embedded into the rock. To obtain the true value of rock resistivity, it is necessary to make corrections due to the metal lining influence. This paper is devoted to the determination of these correction factors.
Substantiation of Optimal Design Parameters for New System Angle Headframes in State-ofthe Art Mines
Authors: Kassikhina Elena , Pershin Vladimir , Tan Yunliang
Published: November 2019

The article formulates a new concept for design of the steel angle headframes of the new system for state-of-the art mines. One of the important structural elements of the steel headframe is a rig, installed above mouth of the vertical shaft and designed for equipment and passage of mine conveyances in shaft. A traditional frame rig of rectangular section is the most cumbersome and heavy-weight part of the headframe due its load-bearing. The proposed by the author headframe of multifunctional purpose, that includes a non-load bearing rig of circular cross-section, will allow reducing load on mine mouth and forgoing the sub-frame that greatly simplifies the task of finding an optimal design solution for the structure. There is an analysis of the most significant factors that significantly affect formation of the main design parameters of the sheave wheels and the rig of the examined headframe. The proposed idea of the independently operating structural units, one of which is a circular rig, significantly reduces a number of controlled variables, with which a designer can vary designing a headframe.
Increasing safety at rock preparation by blasting in open pits
Authors: Katanov Igor , Kondratyev Sergey , Sysoyev Andrey
Published: November 2019

The topicality of the present work lies in justification of the means of increasing safety during mass explosions in opencasts. The solution to this problem is possible due to the orientation of downholes in the array, taking into account the angle of incidence and extension of the strata, high-quality stemming and initiation of downhole charges by delay detonators with a minimal deviation from nominal values of their firing time. The most promising way to increase the safety and efficiency of blasting is an integrated approach, including drilling downholes, normal to the strata, and using the design of the downhole charge, rationally distributing the explosion energy in the space of the rock mass due to the use of stemming of a variable density, low-density gap between the parts of the explosive charge and the bottom a downhole compensator based on foam gel and the use of hybrid electronic detonator Iskra-T.
Air pollution by coal dust as a factor of ecological compatibility for coal mining enterprises
Authors: Korchagina Tatiana , Bykov Anatoly , Schastlivcev Evgeny
Published: November 2019

Coal mining enterprises (there are more than 130 in the Kemerovo region), are powerful sources of pollutant emissions (P) into the atmosphere. They account for almost a third of the total mass of the cumulative annual emissions in the region. A significant number of coal mining enterprises are located in the vicinity of the boundaries of residential settlements of Kuzbass. At the same time, emissions of coal mining enterprises are mainly carried out from unorganized sources of air pollution (SAI), which do not have treatment facilities. All this leads to pollution of the surface air layer by the coal mining industry. Currently, the category of the enterprise is determined only by its economic activity associated with the production of a product. In particular, all coal-mining enterprises, including the extraction and enrichment of coal, anthracite and brown coal, are classified as category 1 enterprises, i.e. enterprises with significant negative environmental impact (NEI) and related to the areas of application of the best available technologies (BAT). However, this approach to the definition of the category does not take into account the individual characteristics of the enterprise and the level of ecological compatibility of its production.
The Use of Dust Suppression on Unpaved Roads at the Mining Allotment of the Kuzbass Mine
Authors: Cherkasova Tatyana , Cherkasova Elizaveta , Tihomirova Anastasia , Andryushkov Alexey , Dormeshkin Oleg
Published: November 2019

Marker substances for the coal mining industry were identified as an information and technical reference book to the best available technologies for coal mining and processing. Inorganic dust when emitted into the atmosphere is defined as a marker substance for the coal industry. Inorganic dust emissions belong to the group of fugitive emissions which are carried out from large areas. For the solving of the mentioned problem on the territory of Mine no.12 in Kiselevsk city, it was proposed to use the Anti-dust and the Bischofit products.
Application of the “lean thinking” concept to the analysis of coal mining region’s sustainable development objective
Authors: Mikhalchenko Vadim , Rubanik Yuriy
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the application of resource saving technologies as an important tool to achieve sustainable development at coal mining regions of the Russian Federation. The negative impact of coal-mining enterprises on the water and air basins of the regions, on withdrawal of fertile land continues to be unacceptably high. As a result the objective to preserve natural environment in these regions has gained high priority. Its solution requires development and implementation of fundamentally new, cost-effective and environment friendly underground and open pit coal mining technologies. It is shown that an effective solution of the problem, a radical contraction of resource consumption requires radical rethinking of the whole coal mining management and production system. The basic principles of “Lean thinking” methodology have been applied to structure the issue and to develop guidelines for coal-mining systems reengineering.
On the Issue of Food Security of Coal Mining Region
Authors: Kosinskiy Piotr , Zaruba Natalia , Egorova Natalia , Kharitonov Aleksey
Published: November 2019

The problems of food security of Kemerovo region are studied in the article. It was found that agribusiness and its performance are significantly affected by the pronounced industry orientation of the region, in which coal mining is intensively developed, which is accompanied by the annual land retirement. Assessing the food security of the region in terms of balanced nutrition in terms of calories, protein, fats and carbohydrates in food, one could conclude that they are not consistent with the vital needs of people. The imbalance of nutrition of the population affects its health, which, according to epidemiologists, is commensurate with genetic, active chemical or infectious negative effects on humans. To address food security of the region, a forecast of food consumption by the population was developed taking into account scientifically-based nutrition standards, taking into account: the level of money income and purchasing power of the population, effective demand for agricultural products; production capacity of agricultural industry and production facilities. It is proposed to apply a synergistic approach based on the creation of an agri-food cluster.
Approaches to Evaluation of Environmental and Economic Damage to the Kuzbass Agglomeration Caused by Coal Mining Industry Development
Authors: Kosinskiy Piotr , Merkuriev Vladimir , Medvedev Aleksey
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the study of coal mining industry problems in a region and environmental and economic damage caused by its activities. It is found that the intensive development of coal mining industry is accompanied by negative environmental consequences associated with the impact on social and economic indicators of a region and the quality of life of the population. The methodology for analysis and evaluation of environmental and economic damage to a regional economy based on the loss of gross regional product (GRP) and associated with the loss of working time due to the incidence of the population, determined by the level of environmental pollution, was developed. The developed methodology solves the problem of evaluating the impact of environmental components not only on environmental and economic damage, characterized by GRP losses, but also on the quality of life of the population. In addition, the optimization nature of the presented model allows finding the economic potential of producers and the objective efficiency of enterprises, which will make it possible to compensate for damage caused by environmental pollution that is adequate to the negative consequences of their activities.
Effective cost allocation method in an industrial enterprise environment in mining industry
Authors: Janovská Kamila , Vilamová Šárka , Piecha Marian , Kutáč Josef , Kozel Roman , Čitbajová Jana
Published: November 2019

The ability to optimize costs based on knowledge of business processes during the period of change represented by the fourth industrial revolution is absolutely crucial. This paper is dedicated to the issue of cost management and allocation of overhead costs using the Activity Based Costing (ABC) method under the condition of an industrial enterprise. The aim of the authors was to propose a model that focuses on the allocation of overhead costs and calculation of assignment rates of overhead activities, which mutually cooperate. The proposed model enables objective stipulation of assignment rates of mutually cooperating overhead activities using exact economic-mathematical methods -the Leontief structural model. It was proven that use of the structural model, even in the case of multiple overhead and primary activities, leads to the considerable simplification of calculations when determining the assignment rates of overhead activities.
Philosophy of ecology in the context of coevolution of nature and society
Authors: Goncharov Vadim , Nesmeyanov Evgeny , Kamalova Olga , Kolosova Olga
Published: November 2019

Solving of environmental problems in the modern world is impossible without scientifically based knowledge about the system of social-nature interactions. At the same time, the idea of coevolution of man, society and nature is a priority. Ecological knowledge is an integral component of the spiritual mastery of reality. Ecological activities, considered as a praxiological component of culture, have as their main task formation, accumulation, mastering and translation of collective values based on the principles of ecocentrism. A special interest in the functioning of the mechanism of social-nature interaction is determined by the formation of ecology aimed at deepening of its social aspects. This leads to the need for philosophical analysis of the bases and patterns of the formation of ecological knowledge, goals of civilization development and means of their achievement, importance of global processes in social-nature existence, conditions enabling sustainable development.
Moral rigorism as the idea of a “terrorist dream”
Authors: Chaika Alexander
Published: November 2019

The author describes the trends and reasons for perceiving terrorism as a narrowly criminal politicized community in the article. Terrorism is seen as a political protest, as a form of political activity of a kind of aesthetic color. The author gives a philosophical and cultural assessment of terrorism through a comparison of fascism and "igilism" as a permanent drift from terrorist muscle groups to the creation of a single and homogeneous totalitarian terrorist organization, and later on to a totalitarian-terrorist state implementing a genocide policy. Terrorist activity is compared with moral rigorism, based on the need for liberation from liberal values expressed in modern constitutional law. The idea of a "terrorist dream" is viewed through the prism of such concepts as freedom, happiness, and the ideal in which the myth of "social happiness" is presented as the ideology of modern radical Islamism.
Characteristic features of relationships between intelligence and imagination in the synthesis of conceptualized forms of knowledge
Authors: Kuznetsov Andrey , Zhikharev Alexander , Kurganskaya Olga , Kuznetsova Alina
Published: November 2019

The article presents the analysis of characteristic features of relationships between intelligence and imagination in the synthesis of conceptualized forms of knowledge. Two fundamental capacities of the subject that accomplish a constructive function in conceptualization of theoretical forms of knowledge are distinguished. The first one is the ability to synthesize categories and develop practical and relatively paradigmatically consistent methodologies, that is, the reflective ability of judgement that implies the development of a distinct structure comprising the previous findings as fundamental constructs. The second one is the ability to change the world view when dealing with “abnormal science” that implies the employment of philosophical and general scientific principles in their constructive function.
And religious conceptualizations of greed in the writing of Erich Fromm and John Chrysostom
Authors: Martynova Diana , Motovnikova Elena , Boichuk Igor
Published: November 2019

In modern society, which is conceptualized as a society of mass consumption and consumer culture, the discussion about the balance of the positively stimulating role and costs of the consumer attitudes as the basis of social behavior does not stop. The greatest danger of consumerism for a person lies, however, not in the socio-economic, but in the ethical-psychological aspect of a person’s life. This study seeks to clarify in which categories it is possible to achieve a productive understanding of the role of greed in the development of a person’s spiritual world. A comparative analysis of the reasoning of the classics of Christian and atheistic humanistic ethics makes it possible to see the specifics of the anthropological consideration of greed and draw conclusions about the relevance of educational and pedagogical support to people who have taken the path to combat this spiritual ailment.
Robotics: development factor or social isolation of the child
Authors: Kulikovskaya Irina , Chumicheva Raisa , Panov Ivan
Published: November 2019

In this article, dealing with robotics is defined as a factor driving the development of preschool children. What was created by science fiction writers has become a natural space for the child. Children do not know a world where there are no drones, smart phones, and computers. Robotics is becoming one of the leading activities for children, which determines the development of creativity, initiative, and independence. Joint design acts as a team work environment where children learn to agree on a project topic, discuss problems in its implementation, look for information from different sources, and use digital technologies. However, immersing a child into the world of robotics can isolate him from the society; immerse him into the virtual world. “Digital flashing” of a child‟s brain can affect its cognitive methods, affecting the neural mechanisms responsible for communicating with other people. This problem is being studied by scientists from around the world. Today the world is doubling - life in two spaces - material, objective and virtual, ideal. That is why the determination of the common ground for these worlds determines the harmonization of the children development in modern space. One of this common ground could be robotics classes. In preschool education, the development of technical creativity occurs through the designers of LegoEdu. The logic of designing cognitive-research activities of children is presented.
Influence of gender factors on the development of female personality in the epoch of patriarchate
Authors: Lipich Tamara , Maryasova Elena , Strakhova Ksenia
Published: November 2019

Consideration and analysis of the image of a woman, its specific features of manifestation in various historical epochs of the formation of Russian statehood contributes to the full and adequate reproduction of the cultural panorama of public life in Russia. The article discusses the position of the Russian woman in a traditional normative society. The main factors that influence the development of a female personality in the period under review are analysed, the reasons contributing to the rejection of women from traditional behaviour and the attitude of society to such marginal manifestations of behaviour are highlighted. Authors pay special attention to influence of the Russian Orthodox Church as an integral part of society on development of the Russian woman as individual and on formation of stereotypes of female roles in family. This experience can be used for attempt of forecasting the development of the female personality in modern society.