bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperreactio luteinalis mit Zufallsbefund eines serösen
Borderline-Tumor des Ovars FIGO IIIB im 3. Trimenon – Diagnostik,
Therapie, Literaturrecherche
Authors: Mergel Franziska , Schochter Fabienne , DeGregorio Nikolaus , Janni Wolfgang , Reister Frank , Friebe-Hofmann Ulrike , Hüner Beate
Published: May 2023

Raumforderungen der Adnexe betreffen 2–10% aller
Schwangerschaften. Die höchste Inzidenz mit 1–6%
lässt sich im ersten Trimenon beobachten, bei hoher Spontanremission im
Schwangerschaftsverlauf. Bei 2% dieser Raumforderungen handelt es sich
um maligne Neoplasien oder Borderline-Tumore. Eine seltene benigne Raumforderung
der Adnexe in der Schwangerschaft ist die Hyperreactio luteinalis. Sie ist
gekennzeichnet durch bilaterale, multizystisch veränderte Ovarien mit
einem gehäuften Auftreten im 3. Trimenon. Klinisch zeigen sich
u. a. eine maternale Hyperandrogenämie mit Virilisierung,
Hyperemesis, unspezifische Bauchschmerzen oder laborchemisch eine Hyperthyreose
sowie ein erhöhtes ß-HCG. Die Hyperreactio luteinalis bedarf
keiner Therapie bei kompletter Remission postpartal, wird jedoch oft in
graviditate operativ behandelt. In unserem Fall berichten wir von einer
Erstgravida in der 31. Schwangerschaftswoche (SSW) mit einer symptomatischen
25 cm großen multizystischen, teils soliden Raumforderung. Bei
Malignitätsverdacht erfolgte nach abgeschlossener Lungenreifung eine
Explorativlaparotomie mit rechtsseitiger Adnexektomie. Histologisch ergab sich
eine Hyperreactio luteinalis mit Zufallsbefund eines serösen
Borderline-Tumor des Ovars FIGO IIIB. Bei pathologischem CTG erfolgte in der 33.
Schwangerschaftswoche eine eilige sekundäre Sectio per
Re-Längslaparotomie. Post partum entschloss sich die Patientin nach
reproduktionsmedizinischer und onkologischer Beratung zur
Komplettierungsoperation, wobei sich histologisch kein weiterer Nachweis des
vordiagnostizierten serösen Borderlinetumors fand.
High 4-1BB Expression in PBMCs and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bin-Alee Fardeela , Chunthagonesupawit Nattharee , Meesakul Tamonwan , Diloktaweewattana Areeya , Mahattanasakul Patnarin , Mutirangura Apiwat , Ruangritchankul Komkrit , Keelawat Somboon , Kitkumthorn Nakarin
Published: May 2023

Objective 4-1BB is a costimulatory immune-activating molecule. Increased amounts of this protein have previously been found in the plasma of patients with oropharyngeal and oral cancer. Here, we focused on this molecule that functions as part of the immune system. We investigated 4-1BB in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC).

Materials and Methods The expression level of 4-1BB in the PBMCs was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The TIMER (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource) web server was utilized to approximate the 4-1BB level in HNSCC TILs. Moreover, 4-1BB immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to validate TILs in four organs of HNSCC, including oral cancer (OC), oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), sinonasal cancer (SNC), and laryngeal cancer (LC), in both the tumor area and adjacent normal epithelium. The difference in 4-1BB expression levels in various groups was assessed using a Kruskal-Wallis test and an independent sample t-test.

Results The level of 4-1BB expression in PBMCs was highest in OPC, followed by OC and healthy controls (HC). Significant differences were discovered between HC and OPC and between OC and OPC. Bioinformatics revealed a substantial correlation between 4-1BB expression level and lymphocyte infiltration in HNSCC, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD4+ T cells. IHC validation in HNSCC tissue revealed that the average number of 4-1BB positive TILs in all four HNSCC subtypes was considerably greater than the number of lymphocytes seen in adjacent normal tissue. Interestingly, the number of lymphocytes that were 4-1BB positive increased in relation to the TIL level.

Conclusion A higher number of 4-1BB expression levels were found in the PBMCs and TILs of HNSCC patients, implying that 4-1BB may be a promising approach for HNSCC patients to improve their immune function. It is important to study and create a treatment that uses 4-1BB medicine as well as existing drugs.
Replantation of an Amputated Hand at Wrist Level Due to Self-Mutilation: Considerations in Management
Authors: Vardharajan Ashwini , Mohan Monusha , Pushpanathan Dakshana , Venkatramani Hari , Sabapathy S. Raja
Published: May 2023

Major self-mutilations include injury to limbs, eyes, or genitals due to various psychiatric illnesses. Limb amputations are grievous injuries that radically decrease the quality of life. Controversy exists as to the advisability of replantation of the self-amputated limb. We report a case of self-amputation of the hand in a 54-year-old gentleman in a fit of psychosis. He underwent replantation of the hand and was given timely psychiatric help. Interdisciplinary management helped in improving the mood of the patient and he cooperated well with the rehabilitation schedule. Recent literature encourages surgeons to replant the limb and treat the mental illness with close observation for warning signs. We conclude that replantation along with early initiation of psychiatry treatment can help the patient overcome psychosis, realize the implications of his actions, and provide the motivation to perform physiotherapy to achieve the optimum outcome possible in the replanted hand.
Biomechanical Comparison of Cortical Lag Screws and Cortical Position Screws for Their Generation of Interfragmentary Compression and Area of Compression in Simulated Lateral Humeral Condylar Fractures
Authors: Fuchter Lucy M. , Wills Dan , Walsh William R. , Newman Mark , Tan Chris
Published: May 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the interfragmentary compressive force and area of compression generated by cortical screws inserted as either a lag screw or position screw in simulated lateral humeral condylar fractures.

Study Design Ex vivo biomechanical study.

Materials and Methods Thirteen pairs of cadaveric humeri from skeletally mature Merinos with simulated lateral humeral condylar fractures were used. Pressure sensitive film was inserted into the interfragmentary interface prior to fracture reduction with fragment forceps. A cortical screw was inserted as a lag screw or a position screw and tightened to 1.8Nm. Interfragmentary compression and area of compression were quantified and compared between the two treatments groups at three time points.

Results After fracture reduction using fragment forceps (Time point 1: T1), there was no significant difference in interfragmentary compression and area of compression between the two treatments. A combination of fragment forceps and a cortical screw inserted as a lag screw (Time point 2: T2) produced significantly greater interfragmentary compression and area of compression compared with the same screw inserted as a positional screw. After removal of the fragment forceps, leaving only the cortical screw (Time point 3: T3), both the interfragmentary compression and area of compression remain significantly greater in the lag screw group.

Conclusion Lag screws generate a greater force of compression and area of compression compared with position screws in this mature ovine humeral condylar fracture model.
The T1 Ratio of Marrow (TROM) as a Novel Tool to Identify Metastatic from Nonmalignant Marrow Lesions of the Spine: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nischal Neha , Afzali Mahtab , Shojaie Parham , Azzopardi Christine , Iyengar Karthikeyan P. , Haleem Shahnawaz , Stevenson Jonathan Daniel , Botchu Rajesh
Published: May 2023

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze quantitative values of normal and abnormal marrow on T1-weighted images of spine, to propose a ratio for T1 values of abnormal to normal vertebrae, and to assess whether this ratio could be helpful in predicting presence of neoplastic lesions in the spine.

Materials and Methods One-hundred randomly selected magnetic resonance imagings of lumbar spine without infection, fracture, and tumor were selected to form normal cohort. A second cohort of 100 metastasis of lumbar spine was identified. Ratio of T1 value of vertebral body to the T1 value of the inferior vertebral body was performed for normal cohort from D11 to L5. Ratio of T1 value of metastasis to adjacent normal vertebral body was done for metastatic cohort. Data was analyzed using standard t-test and kappa was performed for intra- and inter-observer reliability.

Results A decline in T1 value of abnormal to normal marrow was seen in patients with metastasis that was statistically significant. We call this the T1 ratio of marrow (TROM). The sensitivity and accuracy with the cutoff value of TROM at 0.7 (92% sensitivity, 97.1% accuracy) are better than at 0.6 (75% sensitivity, 96.2% accuracy) or 0.5 (47% sensitivity, 93.2% accuracy). A subset analysis of the other T1 hypointense benign lesions including atypical hemangiomas and focal marrow hyperplasia, however, revealed overlapping TROM values with the metastatic cohort.

Conclusion Using the TROM on T1-weighted images could not confidently differentiate malignant from benign T1 hypointense lesions of the spine.
Understanding the Determinants of Aspirations in Rural Tanzania: Does Financial Literacy Matter?
Authors: Melesse Mequanint B. , Tirra Amos Nyangira , Walle Yabibal M. , Hauser Michael
Published: May 2023

Aspirations have recently received increased attention in the analysis of poverty and its dynamics. The argument is that aspirations provide reference points for individuals’ forward-looking decisions and behaviours. Understanding of what determines aspirations is vitally important to design development interventions that can raise aspirations. In this paper, we analyse whether financial literacy is associated with individuals’ aspirations. Using data from more than 2000 Tanzanian households, we find a robust positive correlation between financial literacy and aspirations. Our results are robust to using alternative financial literacy measure, controlling for extensive covariates and non-cognitive traits, and sensitivity analyses to omitted variables. Overall, our findings suggest that aspirations could be influenced to improve poor individuals’ future investments and forward-looking behaviour.
Models demonstrate details for nanoconstriction spin-Hall nano-oscillators would work
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: May 2023

High-fidelity simulations driven by atomic force microscopy help demonstrate the potential for spintronics in neuromorphic computing.
A generalized approach to x-ray data modeling for high-energy-density plasma experiments
Authors: Nagayama T. , Schaeuble M. A. , Fein J. R. , Loisel G. P. , Wu M. , Mayes D. C. , Hansen S. B. , Knapp P. F. , Webb T. J. , Schwarz J. , Vesey R. A.
Published: May 2023

Accurate understanding of x-ray diagnostics is crucial for both interpreting high-energy-density experiments and testing simulations through quantitative comparisons. X-ray diagnostic models are complex. Past treatments of individual x-ray diagnostics on a case-by-case basis have hindered universal diagnostic understanding. Here, we derive a general formula for modeling the absolute response of non-focusing x-ray diagnostics, such as x-ray imagers, one-dimensional space-resolved spectrometers, and x-ray power diagnostics. The present model is useful for both data modeling and data processing. It naturally accounts for the x-ray crystal broadening. The new model verifies that standard approaches for a crystal response can be good approximations, but they can underestimate the total reflectivity and overestimate spectral resolving power by more than a factor of 2 in some cases near reflectivity edge features. We also find that a frequently used, simplified-crystal-response approximation for processing spectral data can introduce an absolute error of more than an order of magnitude and the relative spectral radiance error of a factor of 3. The present model is derived with straightforward geometric arguments. It is more general and is recommended for developing a unified picture and providing consistent treatment over multiple x-ray diagnostics. Such consistency is crucial for reliable multi-objective data analyses.
Broadband polarizer using single-layer grating with ultra-high extinction ratio
Authors: Qin Chunhua , Wang Yiyuan , Liu Ziying , Li Wenjia , Li Yuxiang , Li Ping , Zhu Zheng , Guan Chunying , Shi Jinhui , Grattan Kenneth T. V.
Published: May 2023

Polarizers are an essential optical element for tailoring the polarization state of electromagnetic waves in a wide range of optical devices. Such polarizers, which exhibit a wide operating bandwidth and high performance, are attracting increasing attention, due to their extensive prospects for use in applications ranging from polarization imaging, to optical communications and detection, among others. However, achieving both broadband performance and ultra-high extinction ratio (ER), and that simultaneously, is still challenging in the design of effective polarizers. To tackle that demand, in this work, an Au-on-silica grating structure has been proposed as the basis of the design of a miniaturized high-efficiency polarizer that practically can cover the entire visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. The single-layer polarizer thus designed can show an ER of 60 dB in this spectral domain, and it has been shown that the geometrical parameters selected have a significant effect on the performance characteristics of the polarizer. Furthermore, an ER of ∼150 dB could be achieved merely by regulating the thickness of the grating to achieve the optimum performance. By integrating the high-performance polarizer proposed in this work with an optical fiber “meta-tip,” a refractive polarizer with a value of the ER of >45 dB, and that over the entire spectral domain considered, has been demonstrated. Such an approach offers an alternative route to achieving a broadband, powerful, and flexible processing polarizer design.
Design, development, and analysis of 1 to 4, anti-phase in-line RF power splitter for low-frequency ISM band applications
Authors: Senjaliya Chirag , Karkari Shantanu Kumar
Published: May 2023

A wideband, low-loss balun-based anti-phase radio-frequency power splitter using a ferrite core is studied. The inherent impedance matching with the existing system makes it an in-line power splitter; its impedance matches at the input port without any extra impedance transformer, resulting in low insertion loss. The design approach is chosen based on the S-parameter analysis to grasp the possible implementations. The best possible implementation is analyzed based on the well-known theories, and the final S-matrix is derived. To estimate the high-frequency limitation due to the inter-winding capacitances, the implemented 1-to-4 anti-phase power splitter was tested using the vector network analyser (VNA) to find out the self-resonance of the winding coils. The practical measurements of the implemented power splitter show that the insertion loss is less than 2.1 dB, the port-to-port isolation is more than 14.5 dB, and the bandwidth is more than 23 MHz at 17 MHz.
Electronic structure of Sb ultrathin film on Bi(111) with large lattice mismatch
Authors: Abe Hiroko , Iwasawa Daiki , Imamura Masaki , Takahashi Kazutoshi , Takayama Akari
Published: May 2023

Topological phase transitions have been actively investigated to understand the fundamental properties and to develop applications for spintronics. In this study, we focused on Sb ultrathin films that undergo a topological phase transition by lattice strain. In order to fabricate samples with a lattice constant theoretically predicted to be topologically nontrivial, Sb ultrathin films are prepared on a Bi substrate. The surface structure and electronic states of the Sb/Bi heterostructure were confirmed by the low-energy electron diffraction measurement and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. For 2 and 3 BL Sb films, we demonstrated the possibility of creating well-ordered immiscible ultrathin films of Sb on a Bi substrate and observed a “V”-shaped electronic band, which is significantly different from the electronic state of Bi thin films and freestanding Sb ultrathin films. This suggests that the electronic state of the Sb ultrathin film is affected by the Bi substrate. We propose that the “V”-shaped band originates from a topological phase transition due to expanded lattice constants and band hybridization between Bi and Sb. This heterostructure will provide a new platform for investigating the topological phase transitions and applications.
Synthesis and sintering properties of composite nano-Ag–Sn slurry
Authors: Yang Hui , Xu Zhengyu
Published: May 2023

This topic prepared a composite nano-silver–tin slurry. According to the boiling point of the dispersant, 300 °C is determined as the sintering temperature. As the amount of tin added increases, the shear strength of Ag–Sn slurry gradually increases. When the amount of tin added is 1/20, the sintering strength reaches the maximum of 50 MPa. The increase in the shear strength is due to the strengthening of the second phase. When the amount of tin added exceeds 1/20, the sintering strength drops sharply, mainly due to the overgrowth of Ag3Sn, the product of the reaction of silver and tin. The porosity was measured accurately by Photoshop software. The porosities of pure silver, 5% tin, and 10% tin samples are 21.8%, 16.8%, and 12.5%, respectively. The Brinell hardness of the samples with pure silver and 5% tin is 20.60N/mm2 and 97.79N/mm2, respectively. After adding a small amount of nano-tin, due to its increased density, the porosity decreases, and the hardness value increases. Compared with nano-silver slurry, the sintering performance of nano-silver–tin slurry is improved. Therefore, it provides a certain reference for the preparation of nano-silver slurry.
A priori and a posteriori analysis of flamelet modeling for large-eddy simulations of a non-adiabatic backward-facing step
Authors: Kruljevic Boris , Doan N. Anh Khoa , Breda Paola , Pfitzner Michael , Langella Ivan
Published: May 2023

A lean premixed ethylene–air flame in a backstep configuration is simulated on multiple grids using both direct numerical simulations (DNS) with reduced order kinetic mechanism and large eddy simulations (LES) with flamelet-based thermochemistry. The configuration includes preheated reactants and a recirculation zone that provides radicals and high temperature gases to stabilize the flame. Heat losses are present due to the proximity of cooled walls. The reacting flow obtained from DNS at different resolutions is first analyzed to investigate the property of heat transfer within the recirculation region. LES based on adiabatic flamelets with a correction of the heat capacity is then tested, and its ability to account for heat losses is compared to results obtained using a three-dimensional non-adiabatic flamelet approach. Mean fields and subgrid properties are compared to those obtained from DNS to assess the capability of the LES models. The results show that the non-adiabatic flamelet approach can predict recirculation region and temperature fields with good accuracy. The model with heat capacity correction is able to effectively correct the heat capacity behavior as observed by a priori comparisons. However, in the a posteriori context, it is observed to overestimate the temperature field, although the correct size of the recirculation region is predicted. The combined a priori and a posteriori analyses on the same configuration and at different mesh resolutions allow for a precise separation of modeling effects due to heat transfer at the wall and combustion closure, thus providing indications on the LES performance in the context of flamelets.
Natural band alignment of MgO1−xSx alloys
Authors: Ota Yuichi , Kaneko Kentaro , Onuma Takeyoshi , Fujita Shizuo
Published: May 2023

We have calculated formation enthalpies, bandgaps, and natural band alignment for MgO1−xSx alloys by first-principles calculation based on density functional theory. The calculated formation enthalpies show that the MgO1−xSx alloys exhibit a large miscibility gap, and a metastable region was found to occur when the S content was below 18% or over 87%. The effect of S incorporation for bandgaps of MgO1−xSx alloys shows a large bowing parameter (b ≃ 13 eV) induced. The dependence of the band lineup of MgO1−xSx alloys on the S content by using two different methods and the change in the energy position of the valence band maximum (VBM) were larger than those of the conduction band minimum. Based on the calculated VBM positions, we predicted that MgO1−xSx with S content of 10%–18% can be surface charge transfer doped by high electron affinity materials. This work provides an example to design for p-type oxysulfide materials.
On the impact of waves and turbulence on the power fluctuations and wake structure of a tidal-stream turbine
Authors: Fernandez-Rodriguez E.
Published: May 2023

Anticipating the power output of tidal-stream turbines (TSTs) is relevant for its technological advance and success. Therefore, it is important to clarify the behavior of TSTs under tidal-stream environments, which include both waves and currents. In this study, a scale-model horizontal-axis TST was examined in turbulent conditions and in the presence of waves. The impact of waves on the wake structure and output power fluctuations were analyzed in terms of integral length scales, the turbine's power statistics, and spectral density. Due to wave–current interactions, the distribution of integral length scales is asymmetric at downstream positions behind the rotor's lateral tips. The fluctuations of the wave speed in the wake lead to a homogenized but reduced length scale. In the spectral domain, waves mix with the turbulent cascade, effectively reducing the energy decay from f 0 to f−1 in the low-frequency region and from f−5/3 to f−11/3 in the intermediate-decay region. The bandwidth of the mechanical noise in the high-frequency range, along with the periodic components, intensifies with increasing wave height and length. Although they are preliminary, these findings will prove useful for understanding the disruption of turbine flow and power output in wave–current flows. This is a first step toward assessing the damage caused to ecology and the structural parts of TSTs in real-world conditions.
Fractional mode charge of higher-order topological acoustic transport
Authors: Zheng Taotao , Ge Hao , Long Ziwei , Xu Chudong , Lu Ming-Hui
Published: May 2023

The local density of states (LDOS), which describes the space-resolved density of states, has been studied in the context of exploring topological materials. Here, we report the observation of the fractional mode charge of topological states in a four-dimensional synthetic acoustic system, which is based on coupled acoustic cavities. We experimentally measured the LDOS of topological boundary states and corner states of this system and observed one-half and one-quarter fractional mode charges. In addition, we also obtained the LDOS in a three-dimensional acoustic system by simulation and observed the one-eighth fractional mode charge of the system. The results show that the appearance of topological states can correspond to the fractional charges, which is useful for the understanding of topology in acoustic systems and provides a new method for the characterization of topological states in topological acoustic systems.
Study of longitudinal mechanisms and correlations in the definition of RFQ transverse acceptance
Authors: Montoya-Soto G. R. , Lombardi A. M. , Bellodi G. , Valerio-Lizarraga C. A. , Cuna G. H. I. Maury
Published: May 2023

The Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) is a linear accelerator that focuses, bunches, and accelerates a continuous input of charged particles while preserving the beam emittance. This paper focuses on the study of the transverse acceptance of an RFQ and how this concept can be used in the design of frontend structures. A simple and fast system to qualify a source and low energy transfer line has been developed in terms of the number of particles delivered in the RFQ acceptance. Multi-particle simulation results show a dependence of the RFQ transverse acceptance on the particle phase in the radio frequency period. The usually referred-to acceptance value is, in fact, just an average value over the 360° phase range, whereas a modulation has been found between more and less favorable phase values, with different patterns depending on the specific structure. We use as a study case three RFQs designed and operated at CERN to investigate such correlations.
Estimation of energy consumption and transportation characteristics for slurry flow through a horizontal straight pipe using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Joshi Tanuj , Parkash Om , Krishan Gopal
Published: May 2023

The energy expense of slurry transportation through the pipeline plays a vital role in the economics of various modern industries, such as mining, crude oil, petroleum, and mineral processing. Therefore, it is essential to develop a suitable condition by which we can efficiently transport slurry without affecting the environment and capital costs. To solve these problems, a steady state three-dimensional multiphase Eulerian RNG k–ε turbulence model based on the kinetic theory of granular flow is developed to investigate transportation parameters like pressure distribution, concentration distribution, head loss, settling velocity, and specific energy consumption. Four different particles named bottom ash, glass beads, iron ore, and silica sand with five different sizes, 125, 200, 275, 350, and 440 μm are transported through 3.8 m long straight pipe having 54 mm pipe diameter. The trends of various transportation properties with varying flow velocity (Vm = 1–5 m/s) and efflux concentration (Cw = 40%–60%) are presented. The numerically obtained results for different slurries and water are in good agreement with the past experimental data available in the literature. The computational finding shows that the transportation of bottom ash requires minimum energy, whereas silica sand needs the maximum. In addition, the degree of deviation into transportation properties increases with the particle size, efflux concentration, and flow velocity.
Grain structure influence on synchronized two-dimensional spin-Hall nano-oscillators
Authors: Capriata Corrado Carlo Maria , Malm Bengt Gunnar
Published: May 2023

Nanoconstriction spin-Hall nano-oscillators (NC-SHNOs) are excellent devices for a wide variety of applications, from RF communication to bio-inspired computing. NC-SHNOs are easy to fabricate in large arrays, are CMOS compatible, and feature a narrow linewidth and high output power. However, in order to take full advantage of the device capabilities, a systematic analysis of the array behavior with respect to the number and dimensions of oscillators, the temperature of operation, and the influence of layer quality is needed. Here, we focus on micromagnetic simulations of 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 NC-SHNO arrays with single oscillators separated by up to 300 nm. We observe a synchronization scheme that allows for column-wise selection of the oscillation frequency for a larger pitch. However, for smaller pitches, a coherent oscillation volume was observed, and this volume included both the constrictions and extended beyond that region. A local variation in the exchange coupling in the active oscillator region was investigated by placing physical grains in the free magnetic layer, and it was shown to influence both the stable current range and the resulting frequency and output power. De-coupling the oscillators along rows or columns could provide higher power due to more favorable phase shifts between oscillators. Our investigation helps in achieving a deeper understanding of the intrinsic working principles of NC-SHNO arrays and how they reach fully synchronized states, and this will help to expand non-conventional computing capabilities.
Splitting of microbubble mediated by power-law carrier fluid inside a symmetric bifurcating channel
Authors: Pandey Satya Prakash , Sarkar Sandip , Pal Debashis
Published: May 2023

We investigate the dynamics of bubble propagation in a symmetric bifurcating Y-channel by varying the power-law index (n) of the carrier fluid from 0.3 to 1.5, in the presence of gravity. To characterize the bubble evolution, the unsteady two-phase flow is solved numerically, employing a suitable phase-field model. Based on the flow rate ratio between the upper and lower branch channels and the neck-width evolution, the bubble bifurcation process is divided into three distinct stages, namely, squeezing, transition, and pinch-off. Temporal variation of neck-width demonstrates that the bubble pinch-off is somewhat delayed for shear-thickening (n > 1) fluids, while a shear-thinning carrier fluid (n < 1) triggers faster pinch-off. Our study reveals that for a large n (say, n = 1.5), viscous force strongly counters the buoyancy effect, resulting in symmetric (equal) bifurcation of the bubble. Conversely, for shear-thinning fluids, the bubble evolution is dictated primarily by the buoyancy force, leading to an asymmetric bubble breakup. We investigate the role of n on wall shear variation and determine the wall-location that is susceptible to the maximum damage. Performing simulations over wide ranges of capillary numbers (Ca) and Bond numbers (Bo), we unveil important regimes of bubble splitting phenomena, e.g., symmetric breakup, asymmetric breakup, buoyancy dominated no-breakup, and surface tension dominated no-breakup regimes. Numerically predicted regime plots, which comprehensively illustrate the roles of Ca, Bo and, n on various breakup regimes, may act as fundamental design basis of branching networks in classic applications, such as microfluidics, biofluid mechanics, and flow through porous media.
Reducing the impact of adaptive optics lag on optical and quantum communications rates from rapidly moving sources
Authors: Chan Kai Sum , Chau H. F.
Published: May 2023

Wavefront of light passing through the turbulent atmosphere gets distorted. This causes signal loss in free-space optical communication as the light beam spreads and wanders at the receiving end. Frequency and/or time division multiplexing adaptive optics (AO) techniques have been used to conjugate this kind of wavefront distortion. However, if the signal beam moves relative to the atmosphere, the AO system performance degrades due to high temporal anisoplanatism. Here, we solve this problem by adding a pioneering beacon that is spatially separated from the signal beam with time delay between spatially separated pulses. More importantly, our protocol works irrespective of the signal beam intensity and, hence, is also applicable to secret quantum communication. In particular, using semi-empirical atmospheric turbulence calculation, we show that for low earth orbit satellite-to-ground decoy state quantum key distribution with the satellite at zenith angle <30°, our method increases the key rate by at least 215% and 40% for satellite altitudes of 400 and 800 km, respectively. Finally, we propose a modification of the existing wavelength division multiplexing systems as an effective alternative solution to this problem.
Constructed complex motions and chaos
Authors: Xu Yeyin , Huang Jianzhe , Lenci Stefano , Luo Albert. C. J.
Published: May 2023

Constructed motions and dynamic topology are new trends in solving nonlinear systems or system interactions. In nonlinear engineering, it is significant to achieve specific complex motions to satisfy expected dynamical behaviors (e.g., nonlinear motions, singularities, bifurcations, chaos, etc.), and complex motion application and control. To achieve such expected motions and global dynamical behaviors, mapping dynamics, constructed networks, random/discontinuous dynamic theorems, etc., are applied to quantitatively determine the complex motions. These theories adopt the symbolic dynamic abstracts and topological structures with nonlinear dynamics to investigate constructed complex motions to satisfy expected dynamical behaviors.
Non-Hermitian topological phases: principles and prospects
Authors: Banerjee Ayan , Sarkar Ronika , Dey Soumi , Narayan Awadhesh
Published: May 2023

The synergy between non-Hermitian concepts and topological ideas have led to very fruitful activity in the recent years. Their interplay has resulted in a wide variety of new non-Hermitian topological phenomena being discovered. In this review, we present the key principles underpinning the topological features of non-Hermitian phases. Using paradigmatic models—Hatano–Nelson, non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger and non-Hermitian Chern insulator—we illustrate the central features of non-Hermitian topological systems, including exceptional points, complex energy gaps and non-Hermitian symmetry classification. We discuss the non-Hermitian skin effect and the notion of the generalized Brillouin zone, which allows restoring the bulk-boundary correspondence. Using concrete examples, we examine the role of disorder, describe the Floquet engineering, present the linear response framework, and analyze the Hall transport properties of non-Hermitian topological systems. We also survey the rapidly growing experimental advances in this field. Finally, we end by highlighting possible directions which, in our view, may be promising for explorations in the near future.
Cross-correlating radial peculiar velocities and CMB lensing convergence
Authors: Giani Leonardo , Howlett Cullan , Ruggeri Rossana , Bianchini Federico , Said Khaled , M. Davis Tamara
Published: May 2023

We study, for the first time, the cross correlation between the angular distribution of radial peculiar velocities (PV) and the lensing convergence of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons. We derive theoretical expectations for the signal and its covariance and assess its detectability with existing and forthcoming surveys. We find that such cross-correlations are expected to improve constraints on different gravitational models by partially breaking degeneracies with the matter density. We identify in the distance-scaling dispersion of the peculiar velocities the most relevant source of noise in the cross correlation. For this reason, we also study how the above picture changes assuming a redshift-independent scatter for the PV, obtained for example using a reconstruction technique. Our results show that the cross correlation might be detected in the near future combining PV measurements from DESI and the convergence map from CMB-S4. Using realistic direct PV measurements we predict a cumulative signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 3.8σusing data on angular scales 3 ≤ ℓ ≤ 200. For an idealized reconstructed peculiar velocity map extending up to redshiftz= 0.15 and a smoothing scale of 4 Mpch-1we predict a cumulative signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 27σfrom angular scales 3 ≤ ℓ ≤ 200. We conclude that currently reconstructed peculiar velocities have more constraining power than directly observed ones, even though they are more cosmological-model dependent.
Simulations of PBH formation at the QCD epoch and comparison with the GWTC-3 catalog
Authors: Escrivà Albert , Bagui Eleni , Clesse Sebastien
Published: May 2023

The probability of primordial black hole (PBH) formation is known to be boosted during the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) crossover due to a slight reduction of the equation of state. This induces a high peak and other features in the PBH mass distribution. But the impact of this variation during the
process of PBH formation has so far
not been considered in numerical simulations.
In this work we simulate
the formation of PBHs by taking into account the varying equation of state at the QCD epoch, compute the over-density threshold using different curvature profiles
and find that the resulting PBH mass distributions are significantly impacted. The expected merger rate distributions of early and late PBH binaries is comparable to the ones inferred from the GWTC-3 catalog for dark matter fractions in PBHs within 0.1 < f
PBH < 1. The distribution of gravitational-wave events estimated from the volume sensitivity could explain mergers around 30–50 M
⊙, with asymmetric masses like GW190814, or in the pair-instability mass gap like GW190521. However, none of the considered cases leads to a multi-modal distribution with a secondary peak around 8–15 M
⊙, as suggested by the GWTC-3 catalog, possibly pointing to a mixed population of astrophysical and primordial black holes.
Competition between nonlinear processes excited by picosecond laser pulses in a disodium ditungstate Raman crystal for two excitation polarizations
Authors: Chunaev Dmitry S , Kravtsov Sergey B , Shukshin Vladislav E , Grigorieva Veronika D , Shlegel Vladimir N , Zverev Petr G
Published: May 2023

Two nonlinear processes, namely, two-photon absorption (TPA) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in Na2W2O7 crystal at a wavelength of 523.5 nm, are studied theoretically and experimentally depending on the polarization of the incident picosecond laser radiation. It was found that, due to the anisotropy of the band gap structure, the TPA coefficient at 523.5 nm strongly depends on the pump radiation polarization. For radiation along the c axis with polarization parallel to the a axis, the TPA coefficient was measured to be 1.28 cm GW−1, and no SRS process was registered. However, for polarization parallel to the b axis, no measurable TPA was detected and SRS with a gain of 6.5 cm GW−1 was observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the competition of two nonlinear processes in one crystal depending on its orientation.
Motor decoding from the posterior parietal cortex using deep neural networks
Authors: Borra Davide , Filippini Matteo , Ursino Mauro , Fattori Patrizia , Magosso Elisa
Published: May 2023

Objective. Motor decoding is crucial to translate the neural activity for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and provides information on how motor states are encoded in the brain. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are emerging as promising neural decoders. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how different DNNs perform in different motor decoding problems and scenarios, and which network could be a good candidate for invasive BCIs. Approach. Fully-connected, convolutional, and recurrent neural networks (FCNNs, CNNs, RNNs) were designed and applied to decode motor states from neurons recorded from V6A area in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of macaques. Three motor tasks were considered, involving reaching and reach-to-grasping (the latter under two illumination conditions). DNNs decoded nine reaching endpoints in 3D space or five grip types using a sliding window approach within the trial course. To evaluate decoders simulating a broad variety of scenarios, the performance was also analyzed while artificially reducing the number of recorded neurons and trials, and while performing transfer learning from one task to another. Finally, the accuracy time course was used to analyze V6A motor encoding. Main results. DNNs outperformed a classic Naïve Bayes classifier, and CNNs additionally outperformed XGBoost and Support Vector Machine classifiers across the motor decoding problems. CNNs resulted the top-performing DNNs when using less neurons and trials, and task-to-task transfer learning improved performance especially in the low data regime. Lastly, V6A neurons encoded reaching and reach-to-grasping properties even from action planning, with the encoding of grip properties occurring later, closer to movement execution, and appearing weaker in darkness. Significance. Results suggest that CNNs are effective candidates to realize neural decoders for invasive BCIs in humans from PPC recordings also reducing BCI calibration times (transfer learning), and that a CNN-based data-driven analysis may provide insights about the encoding properties and the functional roles of brain regions.
The single-layer readout electronics design and development for CEPC scintillator analog hadronic calorimeter prototype
Authors: Zhou Anshun , Shen Zhongtao , Shi Yukun , Liu Shubin
Published: May 2023

With the progress in modern high-energy physics, the Standard Model is constantly being refined. As the last brick of the Standard Model, the Higgs boson was confirmed to be discovered in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2012. For the further exploration of the Higgs boson, the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is proposed. The baseline detector concept of CEPC is guided by the particle flow principle. The Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA) reconstructs a list of low-level particles and associates every detector hit with these particles. The high granularity hadronic calorimeter (HCAL) represents an essential component of PFA-based detectors. This paper mainly presents the single-layer electronics design and development for the scintillator analog hadronic calorimeter prototype (AHCAL). The single-layer readout electronics consists of front-end electronics board (FEB) and data interface (DIF) board. The FEB carries the silicon photomultipliers (SiPM), plastic scintillators, and the SiPM signal readout circuit. A single SiPM coupled with a scintillator constitute the basic detection unit. The size of scintillator used here is 4 cm×4 cm. A sensitive area of 72×72 cm2 can be covered by the design presented here. 324 SiPMs coupled with scintillators are mounted on each FEB. Besides the huge sensitive area, The AHCAL prototype must also meet strict requirements on the integration and robustness of the electronics. This paper develops a complete single-layer readout electronics design that meets the requirements for use in the AHCAL. The results of beam test shows that the peak of the minimum ionizing particle (MIP) is separated from the pedestal evidently and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is better than 20. The volume required for the electronics is less than 4 cm3 per channel. In addition, the FEB is sufficiently robust to avoid damage during intercontinental transportation. The development of the single-layer electronics represents significant progress in the design of a prototype device that meets the requirement for use in the CEPC.
Hamiltonian facets of classical gauge theories on E-manifolds
Authors: Mir Pau , Miranda Eva , Nicolás Pablo
Published: May 2023

Manifolds with boundary, with corners,b-manifolds and foliations model configuration spaces for particles moving under constraints and can be described asE-manifolds.E-manifolds were introduced in Nest and Tsygan (2001Asian J. Math.5599–635) and investigated in depth in Miranda and Scott (2021Rev. Mat. Iberoam.371207–24). In this article we explore their physical facets by extending gauge theories to theE-category. Singularities in the configuration space of a classical particle can be described in several new scenarios unveiling their Hamiltonian aspects on anE-symplectic manifold. Following the scheme inaugurated in Weinstein (1978Lett. Math. Phys.2417–20), we show the existence of a universal model for a particle interacting with anE-gauge field. In addition, we generalise the description of phase spaces in Yang–Mills theory as Poisson manifolds and their minimal coupling procedure, as shown in Montgomery (1986PhD ThesisUniversity of California, Berkeley), for base manifolds endowed with anE-structure. In particular, the reduction at coadjoint orbits and the shifting trick are extended to this framework. We show that Wong’s equations, which describe the interaction of a particle with a Yang–Mills field, become Hamiltonian in theE-setting. We formulate the electromagnetic gauge in a Minkowski space relating it to the proper time foliation and we see that our main theorem describes the minimal coupling in physical models such as the compactified black hole.
Improving classical capacity of qubit dynamical maps through stationary state manipulation
Authors: Siudzińska Katarzyna
Published: May 2023

We analyze the evolution of Holevo and entanglement-assisted classical capacities for two classes of phase-covariant channels. In particular, we show that these capacities can be improved by changing the stationary state of the channel, which is closely related to its non-unitality degree. The more non-unital the channel, the greater its capacity. The channel parameters are engineered through mixtures on the level of dynamical maps, time-local generators, and memory kernels, for which we propose construction methods. For highly non-unital maps, we achieve a temporary increase in the classical capacity that exceeds the entanglement-assisted classical capacity of the unital map. This shows that non-unitality can become a better quantum resource for information transition purposes than quantum entanglement.
Accuracy of Computer Vision Hough Line Transform for Water Level Measurement
Authors: Owen R , Wijaya V , Wardhana A W , Asy’ari M Z , Suharjanto G
Published: May 2023

Floods are natural disasters that often occur in countries with high rainfall, such as Indonesia. Floods occur due to sudden changes in water level; therefore, the dam cannot withstand the increase in water causing water to overflow into the riverbank area. As a result of this issue, a system was created that can be used to provide information about river water levels. This system relies on computer vision to program the camera to monitor the water level through image processing. Image processing allows the camera to process the image of the water surface detected at the ditch’s edge. The edge detection result is used as a water level detector using the Hough line transform, which generates a line to indicate the water level. The height detected by image processing differs from the actual height on the detected surface. The minimum and maximum error reading for both methods recorded in this experiment is 0,8 % and 16,67 %, respectively
Mobile App as Digitalisation of Waste Sorting Management
Authors: Saptaputra E H , Bonafix Nunnun , Araffanda A S
Published: May 2023

The problem of waste in urban areas that are not managed properly has created a threat to the environment and human life. And this problem is the co-responsibility of the community to get involved in waste management and waste recycling. It is necessary to sort the waste starting at home with recycling because the amount of waste going to the landfill can be reduced. Another benefit of sorting waste is reducing the risk of contaminating the environment. The 3R concept, that is, reuse, reduce, and recycle, has become a government regulation to improve the environmental and waste problems in Indonesia. The focus of this research is on households, beginning with the selection of household waste. Waste sorting is divided into 4 categories, namely organic waste, non-organic waste, B3 or e-waste, and sanitary waste. Using mobile app technology as a solution to encourage individual households, especially housewives, to participate in household waste sorting, the ‘Pilahin’ prototype app was introduced. The selection of media apps on smartphones is because the app has been widely used by urban communities. The app is packed with features that help users scan and detect trash and provide trash categories to identify and sort, as well as the option to find nearby trash banks. The app ‘Pilahin’ has over 40 design screens that have been turned into interactive prototypes and tested on 4 target users with satisfactory results. This application has the potential for development by working with organizations that are already working on waste classification.