bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-molecule view of coordination in a multi-functional DNA polymerase
Authors: Pauszek Raymond F , Lamichhane Rajan , Rajkarnikar Singh Arishma , Millar David P
Published: March 2021

Replication and repair of genomic DNA requires the actions of multiple enzymatic functions that must be coordinated in order to ensure efficient and accurate product formation. Here, we have used single-molecule FRET microscopy to investigate the physical basis of functional coordination in DNA polymerase I (Pol I) from Escherichia coli, a key enzyme involved in lagging-strand replication and base excision repair. Pol I contains active sites for template-directed DNA polymerization and 5’ flap processing in separate domains. We show that a DNA substrate can spontaneously transfer between polymerase and 5’ nuclease domains during a single encounter with Pol I. Additionally, we show that the flexibly tethered 5’ nuclease domain adopts different positions within Pol I-DNA complexes, depending on the nature of the DNA substrate. Our results reveal the structural dynamics that underlie functional coordination in Pol I and are likely relevant to other multi-functional DNA polymerases.
Microglial trogocytosis and the complement system regulate axonal pruning in vivo
Authors: Lim Tony KY , Ruthazer Edward S
Published: March 2021

Partial phagocytosis—called trogocytosis—of axons by microglia has been documented in ex vivo preparations but has not been directly observed in vivo. The mechanisms that modulate microglial trogocytosis of axons and its function in neural circuit development remain poorly understood. Here, we directly observe axon trogocytosis by microglia in vivo in the developing Xenopus laevis retinotectal circuit. We show that microglia regulate pruning of retinal ganglion cell axons and are important for proper behavioral response to dark and bright looming stimuli. Using bioinformatics, we identify amphibian regulator of complement activation 3, a homolog of human CD46, as a neuronally expressed synapse-associated complement inhibitory molecule that inhibits trogocytosis and axonal pruning. Using a membrane-bound complement C3 fusion protein, we demonstrate that enhancing complement activity enhances axonal pruning. Our results support the model that microglia remodel axons via trogocytosis and that neurons can control this process through expression of complement inhibitory proteins.
Extracellular matrix in multicellular aggregates acts as a pressure sensor controlling cell proliferation and motility
Authors: Dolega Monika E , Monnier Sylvain , Brunel Benjamin , Joanny Jean-François , Recho Pierre , Cappello Giovanni
Published: March 2021

Imposed deformations play an important role in morphogenesis and tissue homeostasis, both in normal and pathological conditions. To perceive mechanical perturbations of different types and magnitudes, tissues need appropriate detectors, with a compliance that matches the perturbation amplitude. By comparing results of selective osmotic compressions of CT26 mouse cells within multicellular aggregates and global aggregate compressions, we show that global compressions have a strong impact on the aggregates growth and internal cell motility, while selective compressions of same magnitude have almost no effect. Both compressions alter the volume of individual cells in the same way over a shor-timescale, but, by draining the water out of the extracellular matrix, the global one imposes a residual compressive mechanical stress on the cells over a long-timescale, while the selective one does not. We conclude that the extracellular matrix is as a sensor that mechanically regulates cell proliferation and migration in a 3D environment.
Promoter-specific changes in initiation, elongation, and homeostasis of histone H3 acetylation during CBP/p300 inhibition
Authors: Hsu Emily , Zemke Nathan R , Berk Arnold J
Published: March 2021

Regulation of RNA polymerase II (Pol2) elongation in the promoter-proximal region is an important and ubiquitous control point for gene expression in metazoans. We report that transcription of the adenovirus 5 E4 region is regulated during the release of paused Pol2 into productive elongation by recruitment of the super-elongation complex, dependent on promoter H3K18/27 acetylation by CBP/p300. We also establish that this is a general transcriptional regulatory mechanism that applies to ~7% of expressed protein-coding genes in primary human airway epithelial cells. We observed that a homeostatic mechanism maintains promoter, but not enhancer, H3K18/27ac in response to extensive inhibition of CBP/p300 acetyl transferase activity by the highly specific small molecule inhibitor A-485. Further, our results suggest a function for BRD4 association at enhancers in regulating paused Pol2 release at nearby promoters. Taken together, our results uncover the processes regulating transcriptional elongation by promoter region histone H3 acetylation and homeostatic maintenance of promoter, but not enhancer, H3K18/27ac in response to inhibition of CBP/p300 acetyl transferase activity.
tTARGIT AAVs mediate the sensitive and flexible manipulation of intersectional neuronal populations in mice
Authors: Sabatini Paul V , Wang Jine , Rupp Alan C , Affinati Alison H , Flak Jonathan N , Li Chien , Olson David P , Myers Martin G
Published: March 2021

While Cre-dependent viral systems permit the manipulation of many neuron types, some cell populations cannot be targeted by a single DNA recombinase. Although the combined use of Flp and Cre recombinases can overcome this limitation, insufficient recombinase activity can reduce the efficacy of existing Cre+Flp-dependent viral systems. We developed a sensitive dual recombinase-activated viral approach: tTA-driven Recombinase-Guided Intersectional Targeting (tTARGIT) adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). tTARGIT AAVs utilize a Flp-dependent tetracycline transactivator (tTA) ‘Driver’ AAV and a tetracycline response element-driven, Cre-dependent ‘Payload’ AAV to express the transgene of interest. We employed this system in Slc17a6FlpO;LeprCre mice to manipulate LepRb neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH; LepRbVMH neurons) while omitting neighboring LepRb populations. We defined the circuitry of LepRbVMH neurons and roles for these cells in the control of food intake and energy expenditure. Thus, the tTARGIT system mediates robust recombinase-sensitive transgene expression, permitting the precise manipulation of previously intractable neural populations.
Assessment of Chronic Complication and Treatment Outcome Among Indoor Patients of Diabetes Mellitus. An Observational Prospective Study
Authors: Singh Pathania Dr Joginder , Mokta Dr Kiran , Gulepa Dr Ramesh , Mokta Mr Arnav , Kumar Mokta Dr Jatinder
Published: March 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is often associated with a myriad of complications as the disease progresses. These cause significant morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. There is a limited published data in this part of the country regarding the hospitalization patterns of diabetic patients, the reasons for admissions due to development of acute or chronic complications. Objective: To identify the type of diabetes related complications, their prevalence among indoor diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital. Method: It was an observational - prospective study. Results: Out of Total 589 patients enrolled in the study, 366 (62.2%) patients were having microvascular complications, followed by macrovascular complications in 111(18.8%) patients and both microvascular and macrovascular complications in 60 (10.2%) patients. Conclusion: Most of the patients presented with microvascular complications, neuropathy being commonest. The patients of heart failure constituted a significant number followed by CAD. Most of the patients were having hypertension as an associated disease. The complications, duration of stay in the hospital and mortality was more in the patients having duration of stay more than 10 years.
Factors Associated with Prolonged Length of Stay in Intensive Care Unit: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Radwan Nashwa M. , Mahmoud Nagla E. , Alfaifi Amal H. , Alabdulkareem Khaled I.
Published: March 2021

Background: Prolonged length of Stay (PLOS) increases the risk of hospital-acquired infections and disrupts patient flowand access to care due to bed shortages. The extent to which PLOS is attributable to complications, patient characteristics, illness, or inefficienpractice style is unclear. Objectives: To determine risk factors associated with prolonged length of stay (PLOS) in intensive care unit. (ICU). Search methods: We searched the COCHRANE, MEDLINE, TRIP and EMBASE from 2010 till now. Selection criteria: We included all the studies published in English language from 2010 till now and investigated the PLOS in ICU after any medical condition. Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently assessed trials eligibility and risk of bias and extracted data. Review Manager 5.3 was utilized to manage the data. Main results: The review included 84719 participants from fourteen observational studies that had some degree of risk of bias and substantial heterogeneity. Post-operative sepsis/ septic shock and the severity of illness of the patients at hospital admission were the most common risk factors for PLOS (OR= 5.65, CI= 1.98, 16.08 and OR=3.95, CI= 1.67, 9.34 respectively), followed by emergency operation (OR= 2.68, CI= 1.56, 4.62), and comorbidities including renal failure and coronary heart disease (OR= 2.64, CI=1.26, 5.51 and OR=2.57, CI= 1.61, 4.10 respectively). Other variables associated with PLOS were respectively; pre-operative condition (OR=2.36, CI=1.28, 4.34), long term use of corticosteroids (OR= 2.03, CI= 1.81, 2.29 ), age >70 years (OR=1.89, CI=0.54, 2.32), operation duration >180 minutes (OR=1.86, CI=1.46, 2.38), most deprived condition (OR= 1.82, CI= 1.15, 2.89), diabetes (OR= 1.36, CI=1.18, 1.56), hypertension (OR=1.32, CI= 1.09, 1.62), smoking (OR=1.25, CI= 1.13, 1.39) and male sex (OR= 1.11, CI=1.06, 1.17). Authors conclusion: Identificationof risk factors associated with PLOS provides the opportunity for intervention to reduce the LOS and support efficient/optimause of hospital resources.
The Successful Awake Caudal Anesthesia for Bilateral Inguinal Hernia Repair in Triple Premature Infants: Case report and Review of Literature
Authors: Seyedhejazi Mahin , Karami Tohid , Iranpour Afshin , Farzin Haleh
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Inguinal hernia is a more frequent problem in male infants with an increased incidence in twin ones. Prematurity is considered as a risk factor. During open surgery of hernia under general anesthesia, there is a high incidence of apnea especially in the preterm infants. Caudal anesthesia could been a more effective approach for induction of anesthesia and analgesia. Case presentation: Here, we presented three two-months-old infants (3.5-3.9 kg) for inguinal hernia repair, simultaneously who were born at 35 weeks’ gestation al age. They were undergone bilateral inguinal hernia repair with single shot awake caudal anaesthesia. Conclusion: Although herrniorraphy is a common procedure in preterm infants, the induction of simultaneous caudal anesthesia for this procedure is rare event. On the other hand, the complications of anestethic techniques such as apnea are important.Indeed, triple infants with based same genetic background didn’t show any undesirable events after anaesthesia.
An integrated cuckoo search optimizer for single and multi-objective optimization problems
Authors: Qi Xiangbo , Yuan Zhonghu , Song Yan
Published: March 2021

Integrating heterogeneous biological-inspired strategies and mechanisms into one algorithm can avoid the shortcomings of single algorithm. This article proposes an integrated cuckoo search optimizer (ICSO) for single objective optimization problems, which incorporates the multiple strategies into the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm. The paper also considers the proposal of multi-objective versions of ICSO called MOICSO. The two algorithms presented in this paper are benchmarked by a set of benchmark functions. The comprehensive analysis of the experimental results based on the considered test problems and comparisons with other recent methods illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed integrated mechanism of different search strategies and demonstrate the performance superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Review of Neural Network Algorithm and Its Application in Reactive Distillation
Authors: Wang Huihui , Mo Ruyang
Published: March 2021

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) can accurately identify and learn the potential relationship between input and output, and have self-learning capabilities and high fault tolerance, which can be used to predict or optimize the performance of complex systems. Reactive distillation integrates reaction and rectification into one device, so that the two processes occur at the same time and at the same place, but at the same time it also produces highly nonlinear robust behavior, making its process control and optimization unable to use conventional methods. Instead, neural network algorithms must be used. This paper briefly describes the research progress of neural network algorithms and reactive distillation technology, and summarizes the application of neural network algorithms in reactive distillation, aiming to provide reference for the development and innovation of industry technology.
Comparative Assessment of Vegetable Crop Performances and Ecological Indicators during Transition from Conventional to Ecological Agriculture
Authors: Gunaratne L. H. P. , Hemachandra K. S. , Kumudumali Y. M. K. , Manawasinghe N. K. G. K. R. , Sathischandra H. G. A. S. , Soorasena J. M. , Thelasinghe T. H. M. U. M. , Upali W. S. P. Y. , Weerakkody W. A. P. , Weerasinghe K. W. L. K. , Weerawarna S. B. A.
Published: March 2021

Selected field vegetable crop combinations and increasing dosage of bio-char application, together with other alternative agronomic components of ecological agriculture (EA) were compared with conventional agriculture (CA) during the first three seasons of transition from CA to EA under hot-humid tropical conditions and sandy regasolic soils in Kalpitiya, Sri Lanka. The recommendations of the Department of Agriculture (Sri Lanka) was followed for managing conventional agriculture plots while alternative ecological options were followed for plant nutrient and pest managements. Capsicum-beet, Okra-beet and mae-spinach and radish-onion crop combinations could be selected for intercropping under ecological as well as conventional cropping systems based on their yield performances (Land Equivalent Ratio -LER) or other yield components. Even though plant growth rates and crop yields were lower at the beginning, EA was able to outrank CA by the third consecutive season. A bio-char amendment of 2 kg m-2 could be identified as the best among the different dosages tested. Soil N, P and K contents were increased while accumulation of Cd and Hg were reduced at the end of a three season long ecological agriculture practices. Insect pest/natural enemy incidence were not different between two cropping systems.
Gastrointestinal Tract Endoscopic Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia Patients without Gastrointestinal Manifestations Tanta University Hospitals Experience
Authors: Elmezayen Mahmoud A. , Hodeib Hossam A. , E. Enaba Mohamed , Gawaly Amr M.
Published: March 2021

Aims: Endoscopic evaluation of symptomless IDA patients and related lesions.

Study Design: A Cross-sectional epidemiological study.

Place and Duration of Study: The hematology unit of the Internal medicine department in Tanta university hospital, the duration of the study was 6 months from 1 January to 31 June 2019.

Methodology: 100 consecutive patients with laboratory base diagnosis of IDA without GI symptoms were involved in the study and their clinical and biochemical variables were recorded. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy. Endoscopic findings were documented as the presence/absence of bleeding-related lesions or other causes of IDA.

Results: Possible cause of anemia was found in 95% and bleeding related lesions were found in 70% of patients. Upper GIT lesions were found in 70% of patients with 42% bleeding related lesions. Lower GIT lesions were found in 33% of patients with 21% bleeding related lesions. On multivariable logistic regression: old age, low hemoglobin (HB), low serum ferritin, and positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT) were predictive factors for GIT lesions and cause of IDA.

Conclusion: Clinical and biochemical markers can predict GI lesions on endoscopy in IDA patients without GI symptoms. A high proportion of upper GI involvement makes EGD an initial endoscopic procedure however, a colonoscopy should be done in old age, and when upper GI lesions don't correlate with the severity of IDA.
Phytochemical and Antibiofilm Activity of Aloe barbadensismiller (Aloe vera) on Candida albicans Isolated from Urinary Catheter
Authors: Raphael Galleh, P. , Favour Nwosisi, C. , Aisha Mohammed, F.
Published: March 2021

Aims: To screen for phytochemicals present in Aloe barbadensismiller (Aloe vera) growing within the Main Campus of Nasarawa State University Keffi (NSUK), determine biofilm forming ability, and to investigate the antibiofilm activity of the plant extracts on biofilm formed by clinical isolates of Candida isolated from urinary catheters.

Study Design: The leaf of Aloe vera were collected and maceration method was used to extract the plant materials used for the screening of bioactive components. Swab samples were collected from the surfaces of patients’ urinary catheters presenting at Federal Medical Centre and Nagari Hospital, Keffi respectively, irrespective of their ages and sexes. Biofilm forming ability of the isolates was investigated and the antibiofilm activity of the plant extracts determined. Ordinary   one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data where P = .05.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of NSUK, using the Aloe vera plant collected within the University community and the biofilm analysis was conducted at National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Plateau State, between                 October 2018 to March 2019.

Methodology: Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were screened for aloin, tannins, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids etc, and the Candida species were subjected to biofilm formation in a flat bottom 96-well microtiter polystyrene plate using crystal violet assay. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts whereas, antibiofilm activity of the extracts was investigated by growing biofilms in the presence of Aloe vera leaf extracts.

Results: The presence of tannin, saponins, phenols, reducing sugars and aloin were found in the leaf aqueous extract while alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, tannin, phenols, reducing sugars, terpenoids, quinones and aloin in the ethanolic extract. Clinical isolates of Candida were found to be strong biofilm formers (70%). Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts had significant effects on initial cell attachment where P = .05, however, none was able to achieve complete biofilm eradication, including the positive control ketoconazole. Ethanolic extract inhibits C. albicans cell attachment by 54.25%, aqueous extract 25.68% and ketoconazole has 48.54% percentage inhibition, respectively. Interestingly, ethanolic extracts showed a better antibiofilm property (37.38%) compared to ketoconazole that had 33.98% biofilm inhibition.

Conclusion: The leaf extracts of Aloe barbadensismiller has significantly reduced biofilm formed by clinical isolates of Candida. Coating of urinary catheters with A. vera extracts can decrease nosocomial infections, morbidity, and high mortality as well as financial burden, hence, serving as an alternative treatment for urinary tract infections.
The Standard of Prescription of Medicines in Obstetrics and Outpatient Gynecology of a Public Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J.
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study aimed to describe the pattern of prescription ofmedications in the department of obstetrics and gynecology in a public hospital in Alkharj.

Methodology: This is a retrospective study that included data collection of outpatient electronic prescriptions at a public hospital in Alkharj. Data were collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Descriptive data were represented as percentages and numbers.

Results: The total number of outpatients who received prescriptions from the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic was 722. The majority were between 20 and 39 years old (76.04%). Most prescriptions were written by consultants (55.12%) followed by residents (42.38%). Most drugs were prescribed as tablets (63.43%) followed by capsules (17.17%) and ampoule/syringe (9.42%). The most prescribed medication was paracetamol (14.68%) followed by ferrous sulfate/ferrous hydroxide (13.85), amoxicilline (8.17%).

Conclusion: The pattern of prescription of medications in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, especially during pregnancy, needs to be continuously evaluated in order to promote rational prescription of medications in order to decrease morbidity and mortality associated with therapy. It is important to raise the awareness of health professionals about the use of supplements and antimicrobials.
Detection of Bacterial Contamination in Dental Unit Water Lines and Testing the Effectiveness of Disinfectants against these Contaminants
Authors: Lal Sham , Kumar Pardeep , Sapna . , Parkash Om , Malik Zulfiqar Ali , Mirbahar Ameer Ahmed , Unar Khalida , Ghumro Waheed Ahmed , Unar Ayaz Ali
Published: March 2021

Aim: Contaminated dental unit water lines (DUWLs) are a possible source for spreading microorganisms in dental practices. The aim of this study was to detect the bacterial contamination of dental unit water and investigate the effectiveness of the disinfectants.

Methodology: Bacterial contamination was detected by a) using bacterial culture of heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and b) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of DUWLs tube. Subsequently, dentists were suggested to treat the DUWLs with disinfectants to eradicate bacterial contaminants and its effectiveness was tested after three months.

Results: Bacterial contamination of the water samples ranged from not detected to 2.38×106 CFU/mL. Out of 34 DUWLs water samples tested, 30 (88.24%) samples exceeded the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended threshold of ≤500 CFU /mL, whereas only 4 (11.76%) samples met the standards. Contamination by total coliforms and P. aeruginosa was detected in 52.94% and 64.7% of samples respectively. SEM displayed a dense biofilm on DUWLs tubing confirming the bacterial contamination. The intervention for disinfection of DUWLs resulted more than 50% samples with acceptable bacterial count in test performed after three months.

Conclusion: The high rate of bacterial contamination of dental unit water highlights the need to disinfect and monitor the quality of DUWLs periodically.
Assessment of Bacteria and Parasite Contamination of Dried Sliced Beef (Kilishi) Sold within Birnin Kebbi Metropolis, Kebbi State, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Jabaka R. D. , Ododife Queen , Daniel Attah D. , Nuhu U. D. , Doro E. J. , Jibo R. J. , Tanko G. K.
Published: March 2021

Kilishi is a version of jerky that originated in Hausa land Nigeria. It is made from deboned cow, sheep or goat meat. The dried sliced beef (kilishi) is often left open in a basin thereby exposing it to flies, dust and other effects of the environment by so doing the product can be contaminated. This study was carried out to investigate the bacteria and parasite contaminants of dried slice beef (kilishi) sold in different locations within Birnin Kebbi metropolis. The samples were analyzed using pour plate method. The bacterial species were characterized and identified on the basis of their colonial morphology; gram’s staining reaction and biochemical characteristics. The protozoans and helminthes cyst/eggs morphology were identified using microscopy techniques. The total bacteria plate count for each sample ranges from the highest (8x109) to the lowest (3.5x103) CFU/g from Birnin Kebbi Kalgo, Jega and Aliero samples respectively. The organisms isolated include; Staphylococcus aureus (35.2%), Escherichia coli showed 30(21.1%) percentage of occurrence, Bacillus species occurred 17(12%) Klebsiella spp 16(11.3%), Pseudomonas spp 13(9.2%), Shigella spp 10(7.04%) and the least was P. vulgaris 6(4.2%). The kilishi meat product was also contaminated with some Protozoans and helminthes contaminants which include; Acaris lumbricoides (14.2%), Entamoeba histolytica (35%), Girdia lambila (42.8%), and Taenia spp. (7.1%). It was concluded that the high bacteria count and frequency of isolates from the kilishi samples tested is an indication of high contamination of the meat by potential pathogens due to poor handling and sanitary conditions which may pose a potential source of food borne diseases.
The Expression and Clinical Significance of miRNA-135a and Bach1 in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jiang Zhiyang , Tao Guoqing , Zhu Yanfei
Published: March 2021

Aim

The objective of this study was to explore the correlation between the expression of miRNA-135a and Bach1 in colorectal cancer tissue and the patient's clinical information.

Methods

Sixty patients with colorectal carcinoma were treated as a control group. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and immunohistochemistry methods were performed to detect the expression of miRNA-135a and Bach1 in 60 colorectal carcinomas and adjacent normal tissues, and the clinical and pathologic classifications were also investigated. SPSS 19.00 software was used. All data are represented as mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

miRNA-135a expression levels increased significantly in colon cancer tissues compared with the nontumor control tissues (P < 0.01). miRNA-135a expression levels were higher in stage III/IV than in stage I/II colon cancer patients. The expression level of Bach1 in colorectal cancer was significantly lower (P < 0.01). Bach1 and miRNA-135a were negatively correlated.

Conclusions

The levels of miRNA-135a and Bach1 were opposite: the overexpression of miRNA-135a might downregulate the expression of Bach1, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.
INOVAÇÃO NARRATIVA NA GRANDE REPORTAGEM DE INTERNET // NARRATIVE INNOVATION IN LONG-FORM INTERNET JOURNALISM
Authors: Essenfelder Renato
Published: March 2021

O artigo discute a ideia de inovação no jornalismo sob a perspectiva da narrativa. Para tanto, busca mapear e identificar os recursos expressivos empregados em uma grande reportagem da internet, dedicada à tragédia ambiental ocorrida em Mariana (MG) em 2015, por meio do método da Análise Pragmática da Narrativa Jornalística. Após identificar as estratégias de subjetivação do texto, que produzem efeitos poéticos e visam despertar emoções no leitor, contrariando o discurso usual dos manuais de redação do jornalismo informativo, reflete sobre as manifestações do chamado jornalismo literário na atualidade e sua dimensão inovadora.
Q-AVALIA – SISTEMA DE AVALIAÇÃO DE QUALIDADE: UMA PROPOSTA DE INOVAÇÃO, PESQUISA APLICADA E DE DESENVOLVIMENTO EXPERIMENTAL EM JORNALISMO // Q-AVALIA: A PROPOSAL FOR INNOVATION, APPLIED RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT IN JOURNALISM
Authors: Guerra Josenildo
Published: March 2021

O artigo vai apresentar o Q-Avalia – Sistema de Avaliação de Qualidade, a partir de uma proposta de inovação, pesquisa aplicada e desenvolvimento experimental em jornalismo. O Q-Avalia incorpora um padrão metodológico de avaliação de qualidade e permite sua operacionalização. Trata-se de um sistema que auxilia na elaboração de formulários, na implementação, documentação e organização de avaliações de desempenho editorial.
(IN)VISIBILIDADE ALGORÍTMICA NO “FEED DE NOTÍCIAS” DO FACEBOOK // ALGORITHMIC (IN)VISIBILITY IN FACEBOOK NEWS FEED
Authors: Jurno Amanda Chevtchouk , D'Andréa Carlos Frederico de Brito
Published: March 2021

Apesar de os algoritmos responsáveis pelo Feed de Notícias (FN) serem apresentados pelo Facebook como atores que agem objetiva e imparcialmente, eles são realizações incertas e provisórias, sendo refeitos e adaptados constantemente. Neste artigo, discutimos os regimes de visibilidade e invisibilidade gestados pelo Facebook no FN, com ênfase na articulação das agências de humanos e não humanos. Discutimos ainda o esforço institucional da empresa em se tornar mais transparente sem, no entanto, revelar detalhes técnicos do funcionamento de seus algoritmos. Para isso, partimos de informações fornecidas pelo próprio Facebook – principalmente por uma série de 34 posts publicados desde 2013 na categoria NewsFeed FYI do site Newsroom. Entre outras questões, as informações compiladas nos permitiram identificar o crescente conjunto de variáveis que influenciam na exibição (ou não) de um post e algumas tensões em torno do que privilegiar (conteúdos de interesse pessoal ou mais amplos, por exemplo). Para essa discussão, nos apoiamos em um conjunto de autores que discutem a agência dos algoritmos na contemporaneidade, com ênfase nos regimes de visibilidade e invisibilidade (GILLESPIE, 2014) e de conhecimento (KITCHIN, 2014) por eles gestados. Mais especificamente, nos aproximamos de estudos que se atêm à especificidades dos algoritmos nas redes sociais online e no Facebook (GERLITZ e HELMOND, 2013; BUCHER, 2012).
Rebeldes com causa: a ressignificação da cidade pelo movimento punk // Rebels with cause: the ressignification of the city by the punk movement
Authors: Musse Christina Ferraz , Reis Susana Azevedo
Published: March 2021

Este artigo busca analisar como o movimento punk, na década de 1980, ressignificou o espaço urbano da cidade de Juiz de Fora, localizada no estado de Minas Gerais, com seu visual e suas atitudes consideradas estranhas e perturbadoras, realizando intervenções e performances, que causavam espanto e desconforto entre aqueles que transitavam pela área central do munícipio. Discutiremos a ocupação do espaço urbano aproximando os ideais punks com o pensamento Situacionista, o conceito de tribo, de Michel Maffesoli, e de corpografia urbana, de Paola Berenstein Jacques, entre outros. Analisaremos o movimento punk de Juiz de Fora, cidade de tradição industrial e pólo operário, utilizando como referência rastros dessa memória, que se materializam em fotografias da época e entrevistas realizadas através da metodologia de história oral.

This article seeks to analyse how the punk movement, in the 1980s, give new meaning to the urban space of the city of Juiz de Fora, located in the state of Minas Gerais, with its visual and attitudes considered strange and disturbing, performing interventions and performances that caused amazement and discomfort among those who transiting through the central area of the municipality. We will discuss the occupation of urban space by approaching punk ideals with the Situationist thought, the concept of tribe, by Michel Maffesoli, and urban corpography by Paola Berenstein Jacques, among others. We will analyze the punk movement of Juiz de Fora, a city of industrial tradition and worker’s center, using as reference traces of memory, which are materialized in photographs of the time and interviews conducted through the methodology of oral history.
Memorias visuais sobre mulheres negras na recepção fílmica // Visual memories on black women in filmic reception
Authors: Ferreira (Conceição de Maria Ferreira Silva) Ceiça
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho investiga as memórias visuais sobre mulheres negras que emergem a partir da recepção do filme Bendito Fruto (Sérgio Goldenberg, 2004), realizada em grupos de discussão por meio da aplicação do modelo codificação/decodificação de Stuart Hall. Analisa assim a relação de força entre os sentidos instituídos, como a predominância de imagens e lugares sociais pré-estabelecidos às mulheres negras e a capacidade de, a partir de suas experiências pessoais e de identificações afetivas com outras produções audiovisuais, elaborar significações de reconhecimento e afirmação identitária.
Sofar Sounds e controvérsias da música ao vivo: aproximações entre Teoria do Ator-Rede e o estudo da música na comunicação // Sofar Sounds and live music controversies: approaches between the Network Theory and the study of music in communication
Authors: Pires Victor De Almeida Nobre
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo discute, de maneira crítica, preceitos teóricos da Teoria do Ator-Rede a partir de sua aplicabilidade – bem como seus possíveis limites – ao estudo da música ao vivo na área da Comunicação. O objetivo central aqui é – a partir de um estudo de caso da formação do Sofar Sounds (coletividade dedicada à produção de shows em configurações intimistas) – pensar a articulação da música e seu segmento ao vivo enquanto rede. Através desse estudo é possível perceber, também, como o surgimento da própria rede se dá a partir do questionamento dos modos de produção e consumo de concertos estabelecidos em contextos tradicionais e como a construção desse fenômeno se materializa em suas controvérsias.
As discussões sobre a décima temporada de The X-Files na social TV: uma análise do backchannel da décima temporada // The X-Files discussions on social TV: an analysis of the 10th season backchannel
Authors: Sigiliano Daiana , Borges Gabriela
Published: March 2021

Marcada pela convergência da experiência televisiva com as novas mídias, a social TV se refere ao compartilhamento de conteúdos feito através das redes sociais e dos aplicativos de segunda tela de maneira síncrona ao fluxo televisivo. O fenômeno possibilita novas apropriações, subversões e amplificações do watercooler, isto é, a intermediação da conversação por plataformas digitais permite a interação em tempo real entre os telespectadores interagentes, ressignificando a experiência compartilhada. A partir deste contexto, este artigo tem o objetivo de refletir de que forma a social TV reforça o conceito de laço social de Wolton (1996) e engendra novas possibilidades à experiência televisiva. Para a discussão dessa questão, analisamos os conteúdos compartilhados pelo público no Twitter durante a exibição da décima temporada da série The X-Files. Concluímos que o fenômeno propicia a colaboração, o aprofundamento e a expansão em torno do universo ficcional.
Heróis corajosos e vilões invisíveis: mitos e símbolos arquetípicos em narrativas sobre Chernobyl // Brave heroes and invisible villains: myths and archetypal symbols in Chernobyl documental narratives
Authors: Fonseca André Azevedo da , Martins Jessica Maria Pires
Published: March 2021

O desastre nuclear na usina de Chernobyl em 1986 provocou enorme tensão internacional. Ao recuperar na imaginação social o temor histórico de que a energia atômica poderia causar a destruição do planeta, a circunstância despertou uma série de discursos que passaram a atribuir um sentido mítico à catástrofe. Para investigar a ocorrência dessas mitologias, a pesquisa delimitou a análise e examinou um conjunto de imagens presentes nos documentários The Battle of Chernobyl (2006) e Inside Chernobyl (2012). A partir de análise fílmica, sob a perspectiva teórica dos arquétipos e dos estudos de mitologia, identificamos um conjunto coerente de imagens simbólicas empregadas de modo deliberado nestes filmes. Observamos que as imagens arquetípicas do céu e do inferno, assim como as figuras do monstro, do herói sagrado, do vilão demoníaco e do velho homem sábio foram recursos discursivos utilizados de forma explícita para atribuir uma conotação mitológica à narrativa.
Estratégias discursivas em controvérsias midiáticas: análise da cobertura do “caso dos beagles” // Discursive strategies in media controversial issues: an analysis of the "beagle's episode" coverage
Authors: Pereira Fábio Henrique , Monteiro Graça França
Published: March 2021

O artigo analisa as intervenções de atores sociais no espaço público sobre o uso de animais em pesquisas científicas quando ativistas retiraram 180 cães da raça beagle dos laboratórios do Instituto Royal, em São Roque (SP), em outubro de 2013. O objetivo é mostrar os diferentes recursos sociais mobilizados pelos atores para influenciar resultados de questões de decisões coletivas. A abordagem teórico-metodológica se fundamenta nos conceitos de arena social e de competências discursivas. O corpus se constitui de 23 matérias (noticiosas e opinativas) publicadas no Brasil entre outubro e novembro de 2013. Apesar da evolução do debate e dos diferentes modelos de engajamento usados pelos atores, a cobertura midiática se mantém marcada pela lógica de conflito onde cientistas e militantes/políticos são situados em espaços opostos na arena social e o debate fica polarizado entre ciência e direitos dos animais.

Discursive strategies in media controversial issues: an analysis of the “beagle’s episode” coverage

This article analyses the interventions in public sphere by social actors regarding the use of animals in scientific researches when animal rights activists withdrew 180 beagle dogs from Instituto Royal laboratories, in São Roque (São Paulo), in October 2013. The purpose is to show the different social resources used by those actors in order to influence the results in collective decision matters. The theoretical-methodological approach is based on the concepts of social arena and discursive competences. The data is constituted of 23 news articles (opinion and informative) published in Brazil in the months of October and November 2013. Despite the evolution of the debate and of the different engagement models used by the actors, media coverage is still stressed by the logic of conflict, in which scientists and activists/politicians are posed in opposite sides in the social arena and the debate gets polarized between science and animal rights.
Mediações e midiatização do consumo: rituais na rede // Mediation and mediatization of consumption: rituals on the web
Authors: Souza Lívia Silva de
Published: March 2021

Estudos recentes no campo da comunicação têm abordado a perspectiva da midiatização, entendida por autores como Sitg Hjarvard e José L. Braga enquanto a influência das mídias e suas lógicas nas práticas culturais e instituições sociais. Autores como Eneus Trindade e Maria C. Perez, por sua vez, trazem o tema para os estudos do consumo, situando a pesquisa no campo das mediações e midiatização do consumo, entendidas como os processos de transformação das práticas de consumo a partir da mediação dos dispositivos midiáticos. O campo carece, entretanto, de algum aprofundamento no que especificamente as mídias digitais apresentam à conformação de novas práticas de consumo no contexto midiatizado. Neste artigo, buscamos compreender os aspectos das mídias digitais que possam somar contribuições aos estudos da midiatização do consumo, a partir dos cruzamentos entre os percursos teóricos da midiatização e dos estudos das mídias digitais.
Sob nova direção? A publicidade na era da programação e o publicitário deslocado // Under new management? The advertising in the programming era and the advertiser outsider
Authors: Londero Rodolfo Rorato , Maranho Elisa Peres
Published: March 2021

Este artigo propõe uma discussão sobre o ato de protesto simbólico dos funcionários da agência Leo Burnett de Chicago em que os funcionários cobriram o nome do seu fundador na fachada do prédio da agência com uma folha de papel onde lia-se “Marcel”. O protesto ocorreu após a proibição da participação da agência em premiações e festivais do setor, em favorecimento dos investimentos destinados à implantação da plataforma de inteligência artificial Marcel. Ao analisar a atitude dos publicitários da agência sob o viés da teoria crítica, é possível observar que as agências já vêm passando por um processo de automatização desde a década de 1970 e que essa medida apenas consolida um cenário que favorece a cultura da eficácia e o enfraquecimento da criatividade nos processos, cenário este que grande parte dos publicitários endossou até o presente momento. A própria agência Leo Burnett destaca-se nesse cenário com a sistematização da sua plataforma de trabalho através dos métodos de avaliação intitulado de GPC.
Um outro quinhão de imagens: audiovisual on-line e Multi-Channel Networks // Another portion of imagens: online audiovisual and Multi-Channel Networks
Authors: Martins Ladeira João
Published: March 2021

Este artigo investiga uma experiência específica para a criação de conteúdo voltado ao streaming, em sua busca por construir outras dimensões para a imagem on-line. A análise recai sobre os multi-channel networks (MCNs), produtores de conteúdo nativo que, diferenciando-se em relação ao broadcast convencional e à televisão segmentada, contam com o envolvimento tanto de conglomerados globais de comunicação, como a Disney e a Time Warner, quanto de operações de tecnologias de informação, com destaque para o Google. Construídos segundo esta associação diversa, alimentam plataformas como o YouTube, mas não apenas. Os MCNs ordenam uma lógica para a imagem que, como outras tentativas de definir a televisão do séc. XXI, inserem-se num diagrama de controle pautado pela lógica do protocolo, com conteúdo diversificado trafegando livremente por espaços variados.
Encerramentos cotidianos: corpos implosivos em Lucrecia Martel // Daily closures: implosive bodies in Lucrecia Martel
Authors: Vaz Aline , Fischer Sandra
Published: March 2021

O presente estudo dedica-se a refletir a respeito de uma certa tendência do nadismo, constituinte ao Novo Cinema Argentino, decorrente de um país, por vezes, impregnado de duras políticas (rastros e restos dos períodos ditatoriais instituídos até 1983 e da implantação sucessora de um governo neoliberal). Identifica-se um clima de apatias e depressões que se inscreve nos presentes filmes em estudo (La Ciénaga (2001) e La Niña Santa (2004), de Lucrecia Martel). Assim, as personagens são enclausuradas no ambiente doméstico, acomodadas e tombadas numa reiteração horizontal dos corpos, oprimidos por normativas sociais em que as instituições familiares, políticas e religiosas se entrelaçam e criam quadriculamentos cotidianos – que não configuram saídas, apenas mobilidades de vertigens, acarretando em implosões e paisagens anestésicas.
El hombre que nació dos veces: o filme argentino de Oduvaldo Vianna // El hombre que nació dos veces: the argentine movie of Oduvaldo Vianna
Authors: Franco de Sá Neto Arthur Autran
Published: March 2021

Este artigo visa reconstituir, por meio de diversos tipos de documentos, a realização, a exibição e a recepção crítica do filme El hombre que nació dos veces, produção argentina de 1938 dirigida por Oduvaldo Vianna. Ademais, objetiva-se reconstruir a narrativa e indicar algumas características estéticas da película, sendo de observar que se trata de um filme desaparecido. Esta obra resulta de um caso de circulação de um artista no período de constituição das indústrias culturais na América do Sul.
Apresentação: Foco no Sul. Estudos comparados e História conectada nos casos do cinema argentino e brasileiro
Authors: Dávila Ignácio Del Valle , Gil Mariño Cecilia Nuria , Maia Guilherme
Published: March 2021

Apresentação DT
Excursões ao ciberativismo: uma análise de compreensões conceituais e tipológicas // Excursions to ciberactivism: an analysis of conceptual and typological understandings
Authors: Veloso Maria do Socorro Furtado , Lopes John Willian
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo discutimos perspectivas conceituais e classificatórias que intentam compreender o ciberativismo, aqui entendido como práticas de mobilização e ação cidadãs em e nas redes de comunicação digital distribuída, que visam a interesses coletivos comuns. Por meio de pesquisa teórica, inicialmente confrontamos as posições mais comuns de estudiosos sobre a relação internet e participação política; em seguida, apontamos perspectivas do que se compreende por ciberativismo; por fim, relacionamos classificações tipológicas sobre os diferentes tipos desse fenômeno. O estudo levou à constatação de que as diferentes noções de ciberativismo permitem englobar tanto práticas consideradas emancipadoras, como o contrário; que as tipologias criadas das e para as análises dos fenômenos partem de determinado entendimento do conceito para dar conta da diversidade de manifestações e ações.
Em busca de representações: uma aproximação com o campo midiático angolano // In search of representations: an approximation with the angolan media field
Authors: Moura Flávia De Almeida , Miranda Osmilde Augusto
Published: March 2021

O artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa em curso que busca comparar questões de mídia, trabalho e direitos humanos entre grupos de trabalhadores rurais no Brasil (Maranhão) e em Angola (províncias do Sul: Huambo, Benguela e Huíla). Apresentamos algumas reflexões sobre mídia, representações e identidades dos sujeitos investigados. Em seguida, destacamos algumas estratégias metodológicas para a construção do trabalho de campo e nos aproximamos do campo midiático angolano a partir de reflexões teóricas para uma análise comparativa, tendo como base estudo já realizado com assistência de material midiático veiculado pela televisão brasileira junto a um grupo de trabalhadores rurais no Maranhão. Acreditamos que a mídia participa das representações dos sujeitos e buscamos entender as formas dessa participação.
Dois dogmas da poética do storytelling televisual: transcendência culturalista e imanência mediática em Jason Mittell // Two dogmas of the poetics of televisual storytelling: culturalist transcendence and media imanence in Jason Mittell
Authors: Picado Benjamim
Published: March 2021

Avalio aqui o modo como uma poética da narratividade audiovisual nos universos seriados da ficção televisiva parece uma opção heurística interessante, partindo do exame sobre as estratégias construídas por Jason Mittell para consolidar uma tal perspectiva de pesquisa. Considerando o modo como o percurso desse autor revela um débito excessivo com respeito a certas matrizes culturalistas do pensamento sobre a televisão, identifico as dificuldades implicadas em sua construção da ficção seriada, a partir de um recorte aproximadamente poético (sobretudo centrado nas estruturas narrativas desses produtos). Procuro então reconstruir o caminho de uma poética do storytelling televisual, seguindo as pistas daqueles autores que têm trabalhado esse problema a partir de uma imanência narratológica e poética da ficção seriada