bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo comparativo sobre a evolução semântica dos termos mariage e casamento nas legislações francesa e brasileira do século XVI ao XIX
Authors: Curti-Contessoto Beatriz , Barros Lidia Almeida
Published: July 2020

Neste trabalho, objetivamos verificar, à luz de uma perspectiva diacrônico-comparada, a evolução semântica dos termos mariage e casamento no domínio do Direito a partir do momento em que ocorreu a primeira regulamentação sobre os casamentos oficiais na França (1563) e no Brasil (1827) até o aparecimento inédito do conceito de casamento civil e laico nas legislações francesa e brasileira em 1791 e 1890, respectivamente. Além disso, pretendemos relacionar essa evolução aos aspectos socioculturais e históricos de cada país. Para tanto, fundamentamo-nos nos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da Terminologia (Cabré 1999; Barros 2004), mais especificamente nos da Terminologia Diacrônica (Dury 1999; Bortolato 2013), e em estudos das áreas do Direito da França e do Brasil, e de História da França e do Brasil. Assim, esperamos contribuir com o desenvolvimento dos estudos diacrônicos em Terminologia, que são raros no Brasil, bem como ampliar o conhecimento linguístico e cultural sobre a matéria.
Age‐Specific Associations Between Systolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease: A 10‐Year Diabetes Mellitus Cohort Study
Authors: Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Chin Weng Yee , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Chan Esther Wai Yin , Chen Shiqi , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen
Published: July 2020

Background

The relationship between systolic blood pressure (
SBP
) and cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) among patients with diabetes mellitus remains unclear. The study aimed to explore age‐specific associations between
SBP
and
CVD
.

Methods and Results

A population‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted on 180 492 Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2008–2010, with follow‐up to 2017. Age‐specific associations (<50, 50–59, 60–69, and 70–79 years) between the average
SBP
in the previous 2 years and
CVD
risk were assessed by adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression with age‐specific regression dilution ratios and patient characteristics stratified by subgroups. During a median follow‐up of 9.3 years (1.5 million person‐years), 32 545 patients developed a
CVD
, with an incidence rate of 23.4 per 1000 person‐years. A positive and log‐linear association between
SBP
and
CVD
risk was observed among the 4 age groups without evidence of a threshold down to 120 mm Hg, but the magnitude of
SBP
effect on
CVD
attenuated with increased age. The
CVD
risk in the age group <50 years was ≈22% higher than the age group 70 to 79 years (hazard ratio [
HR
], 1.33 [95%
CI
, 1.26–1.41] versus
HR
, 1.09 [95%
CI
, 1.07–1.11]). Each 10‐mm Hg higher
SBP
was associated with 12% (
HR
, 1.12 [95%
CI
, 1.10–1.13]), 11% (
HR
, 1.11 [95%
CI
, 1.10–1.13]), and 20% (
HR
, 1.20 [95%
CI
, 1.17–1.22]) higher risk of all composite
CVD
events, individual
CVD
, and
CVD
mortality, respectively.

Conclusions

There is a significant log‐linear relationship between baseline
SBP
and the risk of
CVD
among patients with diabetes mellitus in China. The risk increases from an
SBP
of 120 mm Hg onward. Age influences this relationship significantly, with younger patients (<50 years) having a greater risk of
CVD
for a similar rise in
SBP
as compared with those who are older. These findings suggest that differential target blood pressures stratified by age maybe useful.
Semantic Drift in Multilingual Representations
Authors: Beinborn Lisa , Choenni Rochelle
Published: July 2020

Multilingual representations have mostly been evaluated based on their performance on specific tasks. In this article, we look beyond engineering goals and analyze the relations between languages in computational representations. We introduce a methodology for comparing languages based on their organization of semantic concepts. We propose to conduct an adapted version of representational similarity analysis of a selected set of concepts in computational multilingual representations. Using this analysis method, we can reconstruct a phylogenetic tree that closely resembles those assumed by linguistic experts. These results indicate that multilingual distributional representations that are only trained on monolingual text and bilingual dictionaries preserve relations between languages without the need for any etymological information. In addition, we propose a measure to identify semantic drift between language families. We perform experiments on word-based and sentence-based multilingual models and provide both quantitative results and qualitative examples. Analyses of semantic drift in multilingual representations can serve two purposes: They can indicate unwanted characteristics of the computational models and they provide a quantitative means to study linguistic phenomena across languages.
Predicting In-Game Actions from Interviews of NBA Players
Authors: Oved Nadav , Feder Amir , Reichart Roi
Published: July 2020

Sports competitions are widely researched in computer and social science, with the goal of understanding how players act under uncertainty. Although there is an abundance of computational work on player metrics prediction based on past performance, very few attempts to incorporate out-of-game signals have been made. Specifically, it was previously unclear whether linguistic signals gathered from players’ interviews can add information that does not appear in performance metrics. To bridge that gap, we define text classification tasks of predicting deviations from mean in NBA players’ in-game actions, which are associated with strategic choices, player behavior, and risk, using their choice of language prior to the game. We collected a data set of transcripts from key NBA players’ pre-game interviews and their in-game performance metrics, totalling 5,226 interview-metric pairs. We design neural models for players’ action prediction based on increasingly more complex aspects of the language signals in their open-ended interviews. Our models can make their predictions based on the textual signal alone, or on a combination of that signal with signals from past-performance metrics. Our text-based models outperform strong baselines trained on performance metrics only, demonstrating the importance of language usage for action prediction. Moreover, the models that utilize both textual input and past-performance metrics produced the best results. Finally, as neural networks are notoriously difficult to interpret, we propose a method for gaining further insight into what our models have learned. Particularly, we present a latent Dirichlet allocation–based analysis, where we interpret model predictions in terms of correlated topics. We find that our best performing textual model is most associated with topics that are intuitively related to each prediction task and that better models yield higher correlation with more informative topics.1
Aptinothrips iraniensis sp. n. (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) with a key to the four Aptinothrips species known from Iran
Authors: ALAVI JALIL
Published: July 2020

Aptinothrips iraniensis sp. n. is described from northeast of Iran as the fifth species in this genus. It is closely similar to A. rufus in shape and habitat. An illustrated key is provided to the four species of Aptinothrips recorded from Iran.
First record of Tettigometridae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from Pakistan: description of a new species including barcode identification
Authors: SOHAIL KAMRAN , HUANG WEIJIAN , USMAN MUHAMMAD , ZHANG YALIN
Published: July 2020

Tettigometra ziaratensis sp. nov. is described from Ziarat, Baluchistan, Pakistan; it is the first record of the genus Tettigometra Latreille, 1804 and the family Tettigometridae from this country. Sequence data for the barcoding region of the mitochondrial gene COI for this new species was obtained and deposited in GenBank.
Symbolic act, real consequences: Passing Canada’s Magnitsky Law to combat human rights violations and corruption
Authors: Lilly Meredith , Arabi Delaram
Published: July 2020

Both the volume of economic sanctions and the reasons for their imposition have increased tremendously around the globe. In this context, several countries, including the United States and Canada, have introduced Magnitsky acts to enable their governments to act unilaterally to impose sanctions against foreign actors for gross violations of human rights and significant acts of corruption. This paper evaluates the legislative changes made to Canada’s sanction regime in 2016–2017 and explores how the new authorities have been applied following implementation (2017–2019). We find that, despite granting the Canadian government new authorities to undertake autonomous sanctions, the country has continued to cooperate with other states as it had done prior to the changes. We conclude that lawmakers never intended for Canada to use the new autonomous capabilities to “go it alone.” Instead, the symbolism represented by Canada taking a strong stance against human rights abuses globally was the driving force behind the Magnitsky Law’s passage.
Research on ultra-precision polisher for the internal surface of the elbow
Authors: Qu Ping-Ping , Liu Wei-Na
Published: July 2020

Aiming at the problem of ultra-precision polishing of the bore surface of the elbow, a new ultra-precision polishing instrument is designed, which is suitable for the inner hole finishing and finishing of the elbow, and is placed in the cavity of the work piece, the flexible line connecting spherically spraying ultra-precision polishing instrument. And the simulation analysis of the polishing process in the elbow is carried out by ANSYS 11.0 finite element analysis software. It is verified that the polishing instrument can finish the ultra-precision polishing of the internal surface of the elbow, and achieve the purpose of the internal surface roughness reduction.
Informal Borrowers and Financial Exclusion: The Invisible Unbanked at the Intersections of Race and Gender
Authors: Long Melanie G.
Published: July 2020

Previous work has found that predominantly Black and Hispanic neighborhoods continue to have less access to mainstream financial services and a greater prevalence of high-cost alternatives. Less attention has been dedicated to the other financial tools available to financially excluded households. Borrowing from friends and family is one widely used yet under-examined strategy for coping with emergency expenses. The literature provides preliminary evidence that informal borrowing and the costs of such borrowing are unequally distributed by race and gender. Drawing on data from the Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking, this article identifies predictors of planned informal borrowing use and examines whether this borrowing is symptomatic of financial exclusion using a bivariate probit model. Women of color are disproportionately likely to plan on using informal borrowing as their sole strategy for coping with an emergency expense. Black women in particular are twice as likely to do so as White respondents. While this informality occurs among the banked and unbanked, unobserved factors such as limited access to bank branches link financial exclusion and informal borrowing.
An experimental investigation on the interaction between inlet swirl distortion and a low-speed axial compressor
Authors: Wang Xuegao , Hu Jun , Guo Jin , Tu Baofeng , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article mainly lies in two aspects. The first is to investigate the effect of inlet swirl distortion on the performance and stability of a low-speed compressor experimentally. The second is to quantify swirl pattern revolution through the compressor and find out background causes of the change in compressor performance. Swirl distortion makes the leading-edge incidence opposite between tip and hub regions, compared to that of clean flow. And the compressor performance change is ultimately determined by these two aspects. Results indicate that negative bulk swirl improves pressure rise, and the effect is on the contrary to the positive bulk swirl. Under the condition of paired swirl, pressure rise also presents a reduction. All these three types of swirl have little effect on the stall boundary. Although swirl distortion shows clear recovery at rotor exit, downstream components still work at off-design conditions due to the induced nonuniformity in axial velocity and total pressure.
Are Protective Factors Valid Constructs? Interrater Reliability And Construct Validity Of Proposed Protective Factors Against Sexual Reoffending
Authors: Willis Gwenda M. , Kelley Sharon M. , Thornton David
Published: July 2020

Most sexual recidivism risk assessment tools focus primarily on risk factors and deficits without consideration for strengths or protective factors which might mitigate reoffense risk. The current study is the first in a research program designed to develop and validate the Structured Assessment of PROtective Factors for violence risk—Sexual Offence version (SAPROF-SO), a measure of protective factors against sexual reoffending. The study aimed to test interrater reliability and construct validity of the SAPROF-SO with a high-risk ( n = 40) and routine ( n = 40) sample. Interrater reliability between three independent raters was generally good to excellent for the SAPROF-SO domain and Total scores across both samples and compared favorably with validated measures of dynamic risk. Moreover, the SAPROF-SO demonstrated construct validity and was moderately independent of existing measures of risk. Findings open the door for a more balanced, strengths-based, and accurate approach to recidivism risk assessment.
Using Propensity Score Analysis of Survey Data to Estimate Population Average Treatment Effects: A Case Study Comparing Different Methods
Authors: Dong Nianbo , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Lenis David , Quynh Nguyen Trang
Published: July 2020

Background:

Many studies in psychological and educational research aim to estimate population average treatment effects (PATE) using data from large complex survey samples, and many of these studies use propensity score methods. Recent advances have investigated how to incorporate survey weights with propensity score methods. However, to this point, that work had not been well summarized, and it was not clear how much difference the different PATE estimation methods would make empirically.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to systematically summarize the appropriate use of survey weights in propensity score analysis of complex survey data and use a case study to empirically compare the PATE estimates using multiple analysis methods that include ordinary least squares regression, weighted least squares regression, and various propensity score applications.

Methods:

We first summarize various propensity score methods that handle survey weights. We then demonstrate the performance of various analysis methods using a nationally representative data set, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten to estimate the effects of preschool on children’s academic achievement. The correspondence of the results was evaluated using multiple criteria.

Results and Conclusions:

It is important for researchers to think carefully about their estimand of interest and use methods appropriate for that estimand. If interest is in drawing inferences to the survey target population, it is important to take the survey weights into account, particularly in the outcome analysis stage for estimating the PATE. The case study shows, however, not much difference among various analysis methods in one applied example.
The Impact of Financial Incentives on Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Luong My-Linh Nguyen , Hall Michelle , Bennell Kim L. , Kasza Jessica , Harris Anthony , Hinman Rana S.
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the effects of financial incentives on physical activity (PA).

Data Sources:

MEDLINE, Embase, 7 other databases, and 2 trial registries until July 17, 2019.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:

Randomized controlled trials with adults aged ≥18 years assessing the effect of financial incentives on PA. Any comparator was eligible provided the only difference between groups was the incentive strategy.

Data Extraction:

Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality. Of 5765 records identified, 57 records (51 unique trials; n = 17 773 participants) were included.

Data Synthesis:

Random-effects models pooling data for each of the 5 PA domains.

Results:

Financial incentives increase leisure time PA (gym or class attendance; standardized mean difference [95% CI], 0.46 [0.28-0.63], n = 5057) and walking behavior (steps walked; 0.25 [0.13-0.36], n = 3254). No change in total minutes of PA (0.52 [−0.09 to 1.12], n = 968), kilocalories expended (0.19 [−0.06 to 0.44], n = 247), or the proportion of participants meeting PA guidelines (risk ratio [95% CI] 1.53 [0.53-4.44], n = 650) postintervention was observed. After intervention has ceased, incentives sustain a slight increase in leisure time PA (0.10 [0.02-0.18], n = 2678) and walking behavior (0.11 [0.00-0.22], n = 2425).

Conclusions:

Incentives probably improve leisure time PA and walking at intervention end, and small improvements may be sustained over time once incentives have ceased. They lead to little or no difference in kilocalories expended or minutes of PA. It is uncertain whether incentives change the likelihood of meeting PA guidelines because the certainty of the evidence is low.
The men and women, guys and girls of the ‘manosphere’: A corpus-assisted discourse approach
Authors: Krendel Alexandra
Published: July 2020

This study investigates how the lemmas woman, girl, man and guy are used to discursively represent and construct gender identities in an anti-feminist forum on the discussion website Reddit. The lemmas were analysed using corpus-assisted social actor analysis and appraisal theory. Similarities and differences within three sub-communities of the TRP subreddit were considered: Men’s Rights (activists who believe that men are systemically disadvantaged in society), Men Going Their Own Way (who abstain from relationships with women), and Red Pill Theory (primarily pick-up artists).

The corpus was characterised by bare assertions about gendered behaviour, although the masculine gender role was less well-defined than the feminine one. Women and girls were dehumanised and sexually objectified, negatively judged for morality and veracity, and constructed as desiring hostile behaviour from male social actors. Conversely, men were constructed as victims of female social actors and external institutions and, as a result, as unhappy and insecure.
From Physical Violence to Intensified Economic Abuse: Transitions Between the Types of IPV Over Survivors’ Life Courses
Authors: Krigel Karni , Benjamin Orly
Published: July 2020

Scholars of intimate partner violence (IPV) cite the various forms of IPV perpetrated by violent male partners to establish their coercive control over women. This scholarship emphasizes IPV’s long-term destructive effects on survivors’ lives. However, until recently, the role of the state in the relationship between different manifestations of IPV has received little attention, leaving hazy the meaning of absent formal legislation. An opportunity to clarify the significance of this condition lies in Israel, where economic abuse is not yet recognized as grounds for legal and social sanctions. Based on in-depth interviews with 33 IPV survivors, the present study explores state actions involved in transitions between types of violence as revealed in cases of ongoing economic abuse.
Patient reported outcomes and performance metrics at diagnosis of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Conway Devon S , Thompson Nicolas R , Meng Xiangyi , Johnson Kristen , Fox Robert J
Published: July 2020

Background:

Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) usually evolves into secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Recognition of SPMS is important because of prognostic and treatment implications.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to determine distributions of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and the Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW) at SPMS diagnosis and describe the evolution of these metrics in patients with SPMS.

Methods:

A tertiary MS center clinical database was queried to identify patients with RRMS and SPMS. PRO data including performance scales (PS), Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9), European Quality of Life–5-Dimensions (EQ-5D), and the T25FW were extracted. Descriptive statistics were calculated at SPMS diagnosis, and score trajectories were modeled. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios for time to SPMS diagnosis.

Results:

Among 5,558 patients identified, 164 were diagnosed with SPMS between January 2008 and June 2016. At SPMS diagnosis, the mean outcome values were T25FW = 12.5 seconds (standard deviation, SD = 10.7), PS = 15.6 (SD = 6.5), PHQ-9 = 6.8 (SD = 4.2), and EQ-5D = 0.63 (SD = 0.20). Distinct patterns were observed in the measures leading up to SPMS diagnosis. Higher age, male gender, longer disease duration, and greater disability were associated with an increased hazard of SPMS diagnosis.

Conclusion:

Longitudinal monitoring of PROs and performance metrics may help identify those at higher risk of near-term SPMS.
Measuring Constituency Ideology Using Bayesian Universal Kriging
Authors: Gill Jeff
Published: July 2020

In this article, we develop and make available measures of public ideology in 2010 for the 50 American states, 435 congressional districts, and state legislative districts. We do this using the geospatial statistical technique of Bayesian universal kriging, which uses the locations of survey respondents, as well as population covariate values, to predict ideology for simulated citizens in districts across the country. In doing this, we improve on past research that uses the kriging technique for forecasting public opinion by incorporating Alaska and Hawaii, making the important distinction between ZIP codes and ZIP Code Tabulation Areas, and introducing more precise data from the 2010 Census. We show that our estimates of ideology at the state, congressional district, and state legislative district levels appropriately predict the ideology of legislators elected from these districts, serving as an external validity check.
Update Onyx embolization for plexiform arteriovenous malformation: Ante-grade drifting technique
Authors: Lv Xianli , Liang Shikai
Published: July 2020

Objective

The conventional arteriovenous malformation (AVM) Onyx embolization technique is the extrusion Onyx injection technique, with blood-flow control after a certain distance casting through the head end of the microcatheter. This method has elevated periprocedural AVM bleeding complications. In this study, the authors reported safety and efficacy of an updated ante-grade drifting Onyx injection for plexiform AVM embolization.

Methods

Between January 2016 and December 2018, 101 consecutive patients with plexiform AVMs were treated with ante-grade drifting Onyx injection. The patients’ clinical status was classified using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). To measure associations, logistic univariate or multivariate regression analyses were used.

Results

Complete AVM obliteration was achieved in 51.2% (52/101) of patients. Two (2/101, 2.0%) arterial perforations occurred without causing neurological deficits. In univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, younger patient age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.12, p = 0.014), haemorrhagic presentation at admission (OR = 7.14, 95% CI 1.52–33.33, p = 0.013) and low Spetzler–Martin grade (OR = 10.00, 95% CI 3.45–25.00, p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with complete obliteration. Pretreatment mRS was correlated with perforation complication (OR = 3.44, 95% CI 1.05–11.29, p = 0.041) in univariate logistic regression analysis but not in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR = 2.956, 95%CI 0.745, 11.731, p = 0.123). Patients’ clinical status was significantly improved after endovascular AVM embolization.

Conclusions

With ante-grade drifting Onyx injection, it was possible to prevent serious bleeding complications and elevated complete embolization rate in plexiform AVMs. Younger patient age, haemorrhagic presentation at admission and low AVM Spetzler–Martin grade were significantly correlated with complete obliteration. Although there is not enough statistical power to show that the pretreatment mRS and the arterial perforation complication have a significant correlation, but its OR value is large, and there may be more data in the future to obtain further conclusion.
Survey of practices in relation to chronic pulmonary hypertension in neonates in the Canadian Neonatal Network and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
Authors: Baczynski Michelle , Bell Edward F. , Finan Emer , McNamara Patrick J. , Jain Amish
Published: July 2020

Current knowledge gaps pertaining to diagnosis and management of neonatal chronic pulmonary hypertension (cPH) may result in significant variability in clinical practice. The objective of the study is to understand cPH management practices in neonatal intensive care units affiliated with the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network (NRN). A 32‐question survey seeking practice details for cPH evaluation, diagnostic criteria, conservative measures, pharmacotherapeutics, and follow‐up was e‐mailed to a designated physician at each center. Responses were described as frequency (percentage) and compared between CNN and NRN, where appropriate. Overall response rate was 67% (CNN 20/28 (71%), NRN 9/15 (60%)). While 8 (28%) centers had standardized management protocols, 17 (59%) routinely evaluate high‐risk patients; moderate‐severe chronic lung disease being the commonest indication. While interventricular septal flattening on echocardiography was the commonest listed diagnostic criterion, several adjunctive indices were also identified. Asymptomatic neonates with cPH were managed expectantly (routine care) in 50% of sites, and using various conservative measures in others. Pulmonary vasodilators were prescribed for symptomatic cases, with 60% of sites using them early (86% reporting any use). Seventy‐five percent of sites use inhaled nitric oxide and sildenafil citrate as first‐ and second‐line agents, respectively. Use of standard protocols, cardiac catheterization, and conservative measures for asymptomatic cases was more common in NRN units (p < 0.05). While there is relative homogeneity in patient identification and diagnostic criteria used for neonatal cPH, significant interunit inconsistencies still exists in routine evaluation, use of additional investigations, management of asymptomatic cases, frequency and type of conservative measures, and choice of pulmonary vasodilators.
Clarifying the Link Between Amygdala Functioning During Emotion Processing and Antisocial Behaviors Versus Callous-Unemotional Traits Within a Population-Based Community Sample
Authors: Dotterer Hailey L. , Waller Rebecca , Hein Tyler C. , Pardon Alicia , Mitchell Colter , Lopez-Duran Nestor , Monk Christopher S. , Hyde Luke W.
Published: July 2020

Prominent theories suggest that disruptions in amygdala reactivity and connectivity when processing emotional cues are key to the etiology of youth antisocial behavior (AB) and that these associations may be dependent on co-occurring levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. We examined the associations among AB, CU traits, and amygdala reactivity and functional connectivity while viewing emotional faces (fearful, angry, sad, happy) in 165 adolescents (46% male; 73.3% African American) from a representative, predominantly low-income community sample. AB was associated with increased amygdala activation in response to all emotions and was associated with greater amygdala reactivity to emotion only at low levels of CU traits. AB and CU traits were also associated with distinct patterns of amygdala connectivity. These findings demonstrate that AB-related deficits in amygdala functioning may extend across all emotions and highlight the need for further research on amygdala connectivity during emotion processing in relation to AB and CU traits within community populations.
Design Principles for Coaching Toward Reflection and Transformation in Literacy Preservice Teacher Education
Authors: Wetzel Melissa Mosley , Maloch Beth , Hoffman James V.
Published: July 2020

From 2014 to the present, we have engaged in a series of studies examining the features of coaching that support teachers in reflecting on practice and moving toward transformation in literacy teaching. In this report, we engage in an inductive analysis of the findings across this body of work to identify the evidence-based design features associated with these coaching practices. Our inspection of the body of work reported here traces the development and use of the Coaching with CARE—Critical, Appreciative, Reflective, and Experiential-model. These research studies draw on activity theory as a theoretical framework, design-development research as a method, and reflective coaching as a pedagogical stance. Literacy coaching, like teaching, is complex and nuanced. The design principles we have identified do not yield a formula for effective coaching but rather specify a set of principles that can guide decision making around coaching in complex spaces. In the conclusion, we identify areas for future research that can further inform the work of literacy teacher educators in support of preservice teachers.
Dominant role of αIIbβ3 in platelet interactions with cross-linked fibrin fragment D-dimer
Authors: Buitrago Lorena , Zafar Hina , Zhang Yixiao , Li Jihong , Walz Thomas , Coller Barry S.
Published: July 2020

Although much is known about the interaction of fibrinogen with αIIbβ3, much less is known about the interaction of platelets with cross-linked fibrin. Fibrinogen residue Lys406 plays a vital role in the interaction of fibrinogen with αIIbβ3, but because it participates in fibrin cross-linking, it is not available for interacting with αIIbβ3. We studied the adhesion of platelets and HEK cells expressing normal and constitutively active αIIbβ3 to both immobilized fibrinogen and D-dimer, a proteolytic fragment of cross-linked fibrin, as well as platelet-mediated clot retraction. Nonactivated platelets and HEK cells expressing normal αIIbβ3 adhered to fibrinogen but not D-dimer, whereas activated platelets as well as HEK cells expressing activated αIIbβ3 both bound to D-dimer. Small-molecule antagonists of the αIIbβ3 RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) binding pocket inhibited adhesion to D-dimer, and an Asp119Ala mutation that disrupts the β3 metal ion–dependent adhesion site inhibited αIIbβ3-mediated adhesion to D-dimer. D-dimer and a polyclonal antibody against D-dimer inhibited clot retraction. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) 10E5, directed at αIIb and a potent inhibitor of platelet interactions with fibrinogen, did not inhibit the interaction of activated platelets with D-dimer or clot retraction, whereas the mAb 7E3, directed at β3, inhibited both phenomena. We conclude that activated, but not nonactivated, αIIbβ3 mediates interactions between platelets and D-dimer, and by extrapolation, to cross-linked fibrin. Although the interaction of αIIbβ3 with D-dimer differs from that with fibrinogen, it probably involves contributions from regions on β3 that are close to, or that are affected by, changes in the RGD binding pocket.
Risk factors and appropriate therapeutic strategies for thrombotic microangiopathy after allogeneic HSCT
Authors: Matsui Hiroyuki , Arai Yasuyuki , Imoto Hiroharu , Mitsuyoshi Takaya , Tamura Naoki , Kondo Tadakazu , Kanda Junya , Ishikawa Takayuki , Imada Kazunori , Ueda Yasunori , Toda Yusuke , Anzai Naoyuki , Yago Kazuhiro , Nohgawa Masaharu , Yonezawa Akihito , Tsunemine Hiroko , Itoh Mitsuru , Yamamoto Kazuyo , Tsuji Masaaki , Moriguchi Toshinori , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi ,   Kyoto Stem Cell Transplantation Group (KSCTG)
Published: July 2020

Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a fatal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, so far, no large cohort study determined the risk factors and the most effective therapeutic strategies for TA-TMA. Thus, the present study aimed to clarify these clinical aspects based on a large multicenter cohort. This retrospective cohort study was performed by the Kyoto Stem Cell Transplantation Group (KSCTG). A total of 2425 patients were enrolled from 14 institutions. All patients were aged ≥16 years, presented with hematological diseases, and received allo-HSCT after the year 2000. TA-TMA was observed in 121 patients (5.0%) on day 35 (median) and was clearly correlated with inferior overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR], 4.93). Pre- and post-HSCT statistically significant risk factors identified by multivariate analyses included poorer performance status (HR, 1.69), HLA mismatch (HR, 2.17), acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD; grades 3-4) (HR, 4.02), Aspergillus infection (HR, 2.29), and veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS; HR, 4.47). The response rate and OS significantly better with the continuation or careful reduction of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) than the conventional treatment strategy of switching from CNI to corticosteroids (response rate, 64.7% vs 20.0%). In summary, we identified the risk factors and the most appropriate therapeutic strategies for TA-TMA. The described treatment strategy could improve the outcomes of patients with TA-TMA in the future.
The spectrum and severity of bleeding in adolescents with low von Willebrand factor–associated heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors: Srivaths Lakshmi , Minard Charles G. , O’Brien Sarah H. , Wheeler Allison P. , Mullins Eric , Sharma Mukta , Sidonio Robert , Jain Shilpa , Zia Ayesha , Ragni Margaret V. , Kulkarni Roshni , Dietrich Jennifer E. , Kouides Peter A.
Published: July 2020

Low von Willebrand factor (VWF) in adults is associated with significant bleeding, most notably heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and postpartum hemorrhage, although this has not been characterized in adolescents. The objectives of this analysis of a multicenter single arm observational cohort study in adolescents with low VWF–associated HMB were to describe the bleeding phenotype, HMB severity, and related complications. Eligibility criteria included postmenarchal females <21 years of age with HMB (Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart [PBAC] score >100) and low VWF (2 values of VWF activity ≥30 and ≤50 IU/dL). Patients diagnosed with other bleeding disorders were ineligible. Clinical phenotype data, including PBAC and Bleeding Assessment Tool (BAT) scores, laboratory data, and HMB management/outcome details, were extracted. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were summarized as medians with minimum/maximum values or frequencies with percentages. Groups were compared using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test or Fisher’s exact test. A total of 113 patients met inclusion criteria, and 2 were excluded. Ninety four percent had a significant bleeding phenotype (BAT score >2), with predominantly mucocutaneous bleeding (32%-44%), postprocedural/surgical bleeding (15%), and severe HMB (BAT HMB domain score ≥2; 90%). Bleeding complications included iron deficiency (60%), anemia (21%), transfusion (12%), and hospitalization (10%). Desmopressin challenge response in subjects tested was good and sustained. Several (48%) required combined therapy for HMB (hormonal/hemostatic), and one third did not show improvement despite therapy. Our results suggest that adolescent females with low VWF have a significant bleeding phenotype and resultant complications warranting a focus on prompt diagnosis, appropriate therapy, and prevention of complications.
Acetylation of tropical hardwood species from forest plantations in Costa Rica: an FTIR spectroscopic analysis
Authors: Gaitán-Alvarez Johanna , Berrocal Alexander , Mantanis George I. , Moya Róger , Araya Fabio
Published: July 2020

Acetylation of softwoods has been largely investigated to increase the dimensional stability and biological resistance of wood. However, the knowledge of this technology has not been applied to tropical hardwood species up to date. The objective of this work was to study the effect of acetylation on nine tropical hardwood species, from forest plantations in Costa Rica, by applying acetic anhydride in three different treatment times (1 h, 2.5 h, 4 h), as well as to evaluate this by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results showed that weight percentage gain (WPG) of wood varied from 2.2 to 16.8%, withVochysia ferrugineaspecies showing the highest WPG, andGmelina arboreaandTectona grandisspecies exhibiting the lowest WPGs. Tropical woods such asEnterolobium cyclocarpum,Hieronyma alchorneoidesandSamanea samanexhibited statistical differences among treatment times, whereas the rest of the species studied showed no significant differences. In general, the most effective acetylation time was 2.5 h for all the species. The ratio of intensity (RI) from the FTIR spectra was greater at the 1732 cm−1, 1372 cm−1and 1228 cm−1peaks for all tropical species, associated with lignin. A good correlation between the RI of those peaks and WPG was found; the same was also found between all RIs and each other. Meanwhile, RI associated to the hemicelluloses and lignin (1592 cm−1and 1034 cm−1peaks, respectively) showed no correlation with WPG, nor between each other or with the other RIs. Furthermore, it was suggested that RI at 1732 cm−1(associated to acetyl groups C=O) can be considered as a reliable indicator of the degree of acetylation for tropical hardwood species. Finally, it was observed that tropical hardwoods having more suitable anatomical features, like larger vessel diameter, higher ray width and frequency, and lesser deposits such as gums and tyloses in the vessels, resulted in significantly higher WPGs.
Theoretical and Experimental Study on AlGaN/GaN Schottky Barrier Diode on Si Substrate with Double-Heterojunction
Authors: Sun Tao , Luo Xiaorong , Wei Jie , Yang Chao , Zhang Bo
Published: July 2020

An AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diode (SBD) with double-heterojunction is theoretically and experimentally investigated on the GaN/AlGaN/GaN/Si-sub. The two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) and electron gas (2DEG) are formed at the GaN-top/AlGaN and AlGaN/GaN interface, respectively. At the off-state, the 2DEH and 2DHG are partially depleted and then completely disappear. There remain the fixed positive and negative polarization charges, forming the polarization junction. Therefore, a flat electric field in the drift region and a high breakdown voltage (BV) are obtained. Moreover, the anode is recessed to reduce turn-on voltage (VON). The low-damage ICP etching process results in the improved Schottky contacts, and a low leakgae current and a low VON is obtained. The fabricated SBD exhibits a BV of 1109 V with anode-to-cathode distance (LAC) of 11 μm. The fabricated SBDs achieve a low VON of 0.68 V with good uniformity, a high on/off current ratio ∼ 1010 at room temperature, a low specific on-resistance (RON,SP) of 1.17 mΩ cm2, and a high Baliga’s figure-of-merit (FOM) of 1051 MW/cm2.
Comparison of outcomes of pedicled jejunal and colonic conduit for esophageal reconstruction
Authors: Jiang Sicong , Guo Changying , Zou Bin , Xie Jianguo , Xiong Zhihui , Kuang Yukang , Tang Jianjun
Published: July 2020

Background

At present, the gastric tube is the first choice for esophageal reconstruction after esophagectomy for various benign and malignant diseases. However, when the stomach is not available, a pedicled jejunum or colon is used to reconstruct the esophagus. The present study aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes and quality of life of patients receiving jejunal and colonic conduits.

Methods

In the present retrospective study, the clinical data of 71 patients with esophageal carcinoma, who received jejunal reconstruction (jejunum group, n = 34) and colonic reconstruction (colon group, n = 37) from 2005 to 2015, were compared.

Results

Compared with the colon group, the jejunum group had a lower incidence of postoperative anastomotic leakage, lesser duration of postoperative drainage, and faster recovery. Furthermore, the scores were better in the jejunum group than in the colon group, in terms of short-term overall quality of life, physical function and social relationships. Moreover, the jejunal group had a significantly lower frequency of pH < 4 simultaneous reflux time > 5 min (N45) and the longest reflux time (LT) at 24 weeks after surgery.

Conclusion

In esophageal cancer, when gastric tube construction is not feasible, a pedicled jejunum may be preferred over a colonic conduit due to lower incidence of acid reflux, anastomotic leakage and higher postoperative short-term quality of life, and rapid postoperative recovery.
Towards gender-affirming nutrition assessment: a case series of adult transgender men with distinct nutrition considerations
Authors: Linsenmeyer Whitney , Drallmeier Theresa , Thomure Michael
Published: July 2020

No guidelines exist regarding nutrition assessment for transgender or gender non-conforming patients. Multiple nutrition assessment methods utilize gender-specific values that provide distinct recommendations for males and females. This clinical case series depicts the food and nutrition considerations of ten adult transgender men using anthropometric, survey, and dietary recall data. Male reference values were used to analyze patient data, though multiple approaches to nutrition assessment in the transgender population are discussed. Major nutrition-related concerns were obesity, low fruit and vegetable intake and high sodium intake; disordered eating was not a prominent concern. Further research is needed to inform nutrition care for the transgender and gender non-conforming populations.
MicroRNA-136-3p inhibits glioma tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo by targeting KLF7
Authors: Xu Yanwu
Published: July 2020

Background

Malignant brain tumors have been a serious threat to human health worldwide. This study aims to investigate the role of miR-136-3p in glioma development.

Methods

Hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) staining was used to determine the pathologic alterations of glioma tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis and GEO2R analysis was performed to examine the expression of miRNAs and genes. Western blot was applied to detect the protein expression. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation were used to analyze the glioma cell growth. Trans-well assay was used to determine the cell migration. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was conducted to determine the cell apoptosis of transfected glioma cells. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was carried out to confirm the binding sites of miR-136-3p on 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTR) of Kruppel-like factor 7 (KLF7). Tumor-bearing experiment in nude mice was performed to comprehensively investigate the role of miR-136-3p/KLF7 axis in gliomas.

Results

Firstly, the results showed that miR-136-3p was decreased in glioma tissues compared with adjacent tissues. Overexpression of miR-136-3p significantly inhibited cell growth of LN-229 and U251 by decreasing expression of Cyclin A1 and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), and it suppressed glioma cell migration by downregulating N-cadherin and elevating E-cadherin levels, and it also promotes glioma cell apoptosis by promoting Bcl2-associated X (Bax) expression but suppressing Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, we observed that KLF7 was a direct target of miR-136-3p, and KLF7 was negatively regulated by miR-136-3p in glioma cells. Finally, overexpression of KLF7 partly blocked miR-136-3p-induced inhibition of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

Targeting miR-136-3p/KLF7 axis might be a novel manner to counter against gliomas.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: microRNA-128 mediates CB1
expression and regulates NF-KB/p-JNK axis to influence the occurrence of diabetic bladder
disease
Authors: Gou Xin , Wu Jing , Huang Mingqing , Weng Yuting , Yang Tongxin , Chen Tao , Li Guiqing , Fang Kewei
Published: July 2020

Background

Diabetic bladder disease is common complications of diabetes, its
symptoms are diverse, can be due to different stages. In this study we investigate
the mechanism of miR-128 targeting CB1 expression to mediate the occurrence of
diabetic bladder disease.

Methods

Bioinformatics analysis predicts related regulatory factors of miR-128
in diabetic bladder disease. Models of diabetic bladder lesions were constructed in
male SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 65 mg/kg body weight.
The expression of miR-128 and CB1 mRNA in bladder tissues of each group was detected
by RT-qPCR, and CB1, NF-KB, p-JNK and Bcl2 protein expression was detected by Western
Blotting. We tested the function of the bladder by urodynamics, detected the
pathological characteristics of the bladder tissue by HE staining, and verified the
targeting relationship between miR-128 and CB1 through the prediction of the
biological website, dual luciferase reporter gene assay and RIP.

Results

miR-128 was highly expressed in the bladder tissue of diabetic rats.
Inhibition of miR-128 could improve the occurrence of diabetic bladder lesions in
rats. miR-128 could target the inhibition of CB1 expression, and high expression of
CB1 could antagonize miR-128 against diabetic bladder. In the diabetic bladder,
miR-128 can regulate the expression of NF-KB and p-JNK through CB1 and affect the
level of apoptosis. miR-128 regulates NF-KB/p-JNK through CB1, thus affecting the
occurrence of diabetic bladder disease.

Conclusion

The high expression of miR-128 can down-regulate the expression of CB1,
promote the activation of NF-KB and p-JNK, increase the level of apoptosis and
promote the occurrence of diabetic bladder disease.
Influenza A virus NS1 optimises virus infectivity by enhancing genome packaging in a dsRNA-binding dependent manner
Authors: Sha Tim Wai , Weber Michaela , Kasumba Dacquin M. , Noda Takeshi , Nakano Masahiro , Kato Hiroki , Fujita Takashi
Published: July 2020

Background

The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A virus (IAV) is a key player in inhibiting antiviral response in host cells, thereby facilitating its replication. However, other roles of NS1, which are independent of antagonising host cells’ antiviral response, are less characterised.

Methods

To investigate these unidentified roles, we used a recombinant virus, which lacks NS1 expression, and observed its phenotypes during the infection of antiviral defective cells (RIG-I KO cells) in the presence or absence of exogeneous NS1. Moreover, we used virus-like particle (VLP) production system to further support our findings.

Results

Our experiments demonstrated that IAV deficient in NS1 replicates less efficiently than wild-type IAV in RIG-I KO cells and this replication defect was complemented by ectopic expression of NS1. As suggested previously, NS1 is incorporated in the virion and participates in the regulation of viral transcription and translation. Using the VLP production system, in which minigenome transcription or viral protein production was unaffected by NS1, we demonstrated that NS1 facilitates viral genome packaging into VLP, leading to efficient minigenome transfer by VLP. Furthermore, the incorporation of NS1 and the minigenome into VLP were impaired by introducing a point mutation (R38A) in the double stranded RNA-binding domain of NS1.

Conclusion

These results suggest a novel function of NS1 in improving genome packaging in a dsRNA binding-dependent manner. Taken together, NS1 acts as an essential pro-viral regulator, not only by antagonizing host immunity but also by facilitating viral replication and genome packaging.