bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genes and Gene Networks Involved in Sodium Fluoride-Elicited Cell Death Accompanying Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Oral Epithelial Cells
Authors: Tabuchi Yoshiaki , Yunoki Tatsuya , Hoshi Nobuhiko , Suzuki Nobuo , Kondo Takashi
Published: May 2014

Here, to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cell death induced by sodium fluoride (NaF), we analyzed gene expression patterns in rat oral epithelial ROE2 cells exposed to NaF using global-scale microarrays and bioinformatics tools. A relatively high concentration of NaF (2 mM) induced cell death concomitant with decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential, chromatin condensation and caspase-3 activation. Using 980 probe sets, we identified 432 up-regulated and 548 down-regulated genes, that were differentially expressed by >2.5-fold in the cells treated with 2 mM of NaF and categorized them into 4 groups by K-means clustering. Ingenuity® pathway analysis revealed several gene networks from gene clusters. The gene networks Up-I and Up-II included many up-regulated genes that were mainly associated with the biological function of induction or prevention of cell death, respectively, such as Atf3, Ddit3 and Fos (for Up-I) and Atf4 and Hspa5 (for Up-II). Interestingly, knockdown of Ddit3 and Hspa5 significantly increased and decreased the number of viable cells, respectively. Moreover, several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes including, Ddit3, Atf4 and Hapa5, were observed in these gene networks. These findings will provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms of NaF-induced cell death accompanying ER stress in oral epithelial cells.
Effect of a Novel Quaternary Ammonium Methacrylate Polymer (QAMP) on Adhesion and Antibacterial Properties of Dental Adhesives
Authors: Pupo Yasmine , Farago Paulo , Nadal Jessica , Simão Luzia , Esmerino Luís , Gomes Osnara , Gomes João
Published: May 2014

This study investigated the resin–dentin bond strength (μTBS), degree of conversion (DC), and antibacterial potential of an innovative adhesive system containing a quaternary ammonium methacrylate polymer (QAMP) using in situ and in vitro assays. Forty-two human third molars were flattened until the dentin was exposed and were randomly distributed into three groups of self-etching adhesive systems: Clearfil™ SE Bond containing 5% QAMP (experimental group), Clearfil™ Protect Bond (positive control) and Clearfil™ SE Bond (negative control). After light curing, three 1 mm-increments of composite resin were bonded to each dentin surface. A total of thirty of these bonded teeth (10 teeth per group) was sectioned to obtain stick-shaped specimens and tested under tensile stress immediately, and after 6 and 12 months of storage in distilled water. Twelve bonded teeth (4 teeth per group) were longitudinally sectioned in a mesio-to-distal direction to obtain resin-bonded dentin slabs. In situ DC was evaluated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. In vitro DC of thin films of each adhesive system was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In vitro susceptibility tests of these three adhesive systems were performed by the minimum inhibitory/minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) assays against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Actinomyces naeslundii. No statistically significant difference in μTBS was observed between Clearfil™ SE Bond containing 5% QAMP and Clearfil™ SE Bond (p > 0.05) immediately, and after 6 and 12 months of water storage. However Clearfil™ Protect Bond showed a significant reduction of μTBS after 12 months of storage (p = 0.039). In addition, QAMP provided no significant change in DC after incorporating into Clearfil™ SE Bond (p > 0.05). Clearfil™ SE Bond containing 5% QAMP demonstrated MIC/MBC values similar to the positive control against L. casei and A. naeslundii and higher than the negative control for all evaluated bacterial strains. The use of QAMP in an adhesive system demonstrated effective bond strength, a suitable degree of conversion, and adequate antibacterial effects against oral bacteria, and may be useful as a new approach to provide long-lasting results for dental adhesives.
RAFT Polymerization of Vinyl Esters: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Harrisson Simon , Liu Xuan , Ollagnier Jean-Noël , Coutelier Olivier , Marty Jean-Daniel , Destarac Mathias
Published: May 2014

This article is the first comprehensive review on the study and use of vinyl ester monomers in reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. It covers all the synthetic aspects associated with the definition of precision polymers comprising poly(vinyl ester) building blocks, such as the choice of RAFT agent and reaction conditions in order to progress from simple to complex macromolecular architectures. Although vinyl acetate was by far the most studied monomer of the range, many vinyl esters have been considered in order to tune various polymer properties, in particular, solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). A special emphasis is given to novel poly(vinyl alkylate)s with enhanced solubilities in scCO2, with applications as reactive stabilizers for dispersion polymerization and macromolecular surfactants for CO2 media. Other miscellaneous uses of poly(vinyl ester)s synthesized by RAFT, for instance as a means to produce poly(vinyl alcohol) with controlled characteristics for use in the biomedical area, are also covered.
Modeling the Kinetics of Enhanced Photo-Polymerization under a Collimated and a Reflecting Focused UV Laser
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng , Liu Hsia-Wei , Cheng Da-Chuan
Published: May 2014

This study explored the kinetics of ultraviolet (UV) laser photoinitiated polymerization in thick polymer systems to achieve improved polymerization efficiency and uniformity. The modeling system comprised an incident UV laser and its reflecting beam, which was focused by a concave mirror to compensate for the exponential decay in the absorbing medium. The polymerization kinetic equation was numerically solved for the initiator concentration. The crossover time was calculated and compared among single beam, two collimated beam and collimated plus reflecting focused-beam systems. For the single beam case, analytic formulas for the time dependent incident beam is derived and demonstrated by measured data. A theoretical crossover time is defined to analyze the measured data based on the dynamic moduli. Lastly, the polymerization boundary dynamics are illustrated, showing the advantage of the combined two beam system. The numerical results provide useful guidance and a novel means for accelerated uniform photo-polymerization, which cannot be achieved by other means.
A Multispectral Photon-Counting Double Random Phase Encoding Scheme for Image Authentication
Authors: Yi Faliu , Moon Inkyu , Lee Yeon
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we propose a new method for color image-based authentication that combines multispectral photon-counting imaging (MPCI) and double random phase encoding (DRPE) schemes. The sparsely distributed information from MPCI and the stationary white noise signal from DRPE make intruder attacks difficult. In this authentication method, the original multispectral RGB color image is down-sampled into a Bayer image. The three types of color samples (red, green and blue color) in the Bayer image are encrypted with DRPE and the amplitude part of the resulting image is photon counted. The corresponding phase information that has nonzero amplitude after photon counting is then kept for decryption. Experimental results show that the retrieved images from the proposed method do not visually resemble their original counterparts. Nevertheless, the original color image can be efficiently verified with statistical nonlinear correlations. Our experimental results also show that different interpolation algorithms applied to Bayer images result in different verification effects for multispectral RGB color images.
Development of a Large, Low-Cost, Instant 3D Scanner
Authors: Straub Jeremy , Kerlin Scott
Published: May 2014

Three-dimensional scanning serves a large variety of uses. It can be utilized to generate objects for, after possible modification, 3D printing. It can facilitate reverse engineering, replication of artifacts to allow interaction without risking cultural heirlooms and the creation of replacement bespoke parts. The technology can also be used to capture imagery for creating holograms, it can support applications requiring human body imaging (e.g., medical, sports performance, garment creation, security) and it can be used to import real-world objects into computer games and other simulations. This paper presents the design of a 3D scanner that was designed and constructed at the University of North Dakota to create 3D models for printing and numerous other uses. It discusses multiple prospective uses for the unit and technology. It also provides an overview of future directions of the project, such as 3D video capture.
II. Les paysages du Népal central et leur organisation
Authors: Bertrand Georges , Dollfus Olivier
Published: May 2014

Nepalese Himalaya reweals the greatest ecological gradient in the world. The organization of landscapes reflects that of natural regions connected with geomorphology required by the recent tectonics. The caracters of each landscape group (geosystems) plainly appear : they combine the geomor- phological a ecologial factors with those linked to the action of men. This attempt aims to give the basis of a integrated study about nepalian landscapes, their present structure and their dynamics.
Profils types des salariés du secteur privé : approche par une classification des carrières
Authors: Briard Karine
Published: May 2014

Private-sector employees follow highly varied career paths. To reduce this diversity, we cluster employees by means of a classification of their career profiles. The shifts in the representativeness of the clusters between the 1935 and 1960 birth cohorts illustrate several changes in the labor market in recent decades. We find a persistent “ hard core ” of long, steady , high-wage careers, and a growing share of precarious careers marked by unemployment spells and low wages.
Mesure des interactions de prix : une analyse des modalités de substitution parmi sept vins de Bordeaux
Authors: Livat Florine
Published: May 2014

Do the registered designations of origin (Appellations d’Origine Contrôlée : AOCs) in the Bordeaux winegrowing districts function as independent markets ? On what basis do consumers substitute Bordeaux wines with one another ? We address these questions by studying the cointegration relationships that drive a price vector for seven Bordeaux AOCs. Empirical analysis shows that consumers do not switch between Bordeaux wines on the basis of objective criteria. On the contrary , they substitute wines on the basis of their perceived quality. Some of the substitutes display intrinsically divergent characteristics. The Bordeaux wine market is thus segmented by reputation.
Sécurité sanitaire des aliments : fausse alerte et vraie crise
Authors: Salah Matoussi Mohamed , Monier-Dilhan Sylvette , Hassan Daniel , Cahuzac Éric
Published: May 2014

In recent years, lower consumer confidence in food safety has encouraged false alerts which have sometimes led to actual crises. This paper studies a crisis due to an alert concerning the reported presence of listeria in a brand of raw milk camembert. The investigation relies on individual data. Two results of the economics of risk are confirmed. First, information has asymmetric effects, depending on its positive or negative aspects. Second, one-off alerts have only temporary effects on consumption. Further , neither educational attainment nor consumer habits played any role in the impact of the crisis.
Multiple Personality Disorder: A Neuroscience and Cognitive Psychology Perspective
Authors: Sternlicht Harold C , Payton James , Werner Gerhardt , Rancurello Michael
Published: May 2014

This session was held at the Western Pittsburgh Institute and Clinic (WPIC) at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. In addition to discussing a case of multiple personality disorder and the controversies and components to the diagnosis, a videotape of a sodium amytal interview was shown. Articles listed in the bibliography were preassigned for reading.

Panelists included Harold C. Stemlicht, MD; James Payton, MD; and Gerhardt Werner, MD. The article was edited by Michael Rancurello, MD.
The Role of Nursing in Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Pileggi Thomas S , Ryan Debra A
Published: May 2014

Guidelines suggest that the nurse should have an active role in the preparation, administration, and recovery stages of ECT
The Effect of Medications on ECT
Authors: Jowsey Sheila G
Published: May 2014

An understanding of the interaction of medications and ECT is essential to ensure that the use of medications does not jeopardize the efficacy and safety of this treatment.
Mixed States and Bipolar Rapid Cycling and Their Treatment with Divalproex Sodium
Authors: Calabrese Joseph R , Woyshville Mark J , Kimmel Susan E , Rapport Daniel J
Published: May 2014

Although lithium remains the treatment of choice for bipolar disorder, only 60% to 80% of classic bipolar patients will respond adequately to it.
The Phencyclidine/N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (PCP/ NMDA) Model of Schizophrenia: Theoretical and Clinical Implications
Authors: Heresco-Levy Uriel , Javitt Daniel C , Zukin Stephen R
Published: May 2014

The hyperdopaminergic theory of schizophrenia cannot account for many dimensions of the illness.
Schizophrenia in the Decade of the Brain
Authors: Simpson George M
Published: May 2014

Despite significant advances in the past 30 to 40 years, this disorder continues to strike at young people in their teens and twenties.
Future Directions in Schizophrenia Research
Authors: Kane John M
Published: May 2014

The major challenge facing schizophrenia research may be in preserving the research infrastructure and manpower needed to take advantage of emerging technologies and advances in drug development.
The Role of Benzodiazepines in the Treatment of Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Horst W Dale , Preskorn Sheldon H
Published: May 2014

Benzodiazepines are not generally considered antipsychotic agents, but clinical uses range from being the treatment of choice for some psychoses to ameliorative therapy for adverse effects resulting from use of neuroleptics.
Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders: An Overview
Authors: Hollander Eric
Published: May 2014

Although these disorders usually involve an inability to delay or inhibit repetitive behaviors, not all disorders with repetitive thoughts or behaviors are included in this spectrum.
Impulsive Aggression and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Stein Dan J , Hollander Eric
Published: May 2014

Researchers have suggested that impulsivity is a core behavioral or personality dimension that plays a significant role in a spectrum of different disorders.
Schizo-Obsessive Disorders
Authors: Hwang Michael Y , Hollander Eric
Published: May 2014

While the dimension of psychosis in obsessive-compulsive disorder has long been recognized, most modern diagnostic classifications have regarded OCD as an anxiety disorder and placed less emphasis on its delusional qualities.
Workplace Sexual Harassment: The Use, Misuse, and Abuse of Psychiatry
Authors: Jensvold Margaret F
Published: May 2014

Misuse of power in the workplace is a salient feature of sexual harassment.
The Impact of Sexual Abuse on Women's Health
Authors: Bolen Jennifer D
Published: May 2014

Health-care providers have begun to be more aware of the connection between health, health-related behaviors, and abuse, and the demand for such training is on the rise.
The Physician's Role in Prevention, Detection, and Treatment of Alcohol Abuse in Women
Authors: Cyr Michele G , Moulton Anne W
Published: May 2014

There has existed a long-standing bias against the study of alcoholism in women, but this situation is beginning to change as more information is becoming available.
The Making of A Woman's Psychiatrist: Residency Training and Clinical Practice from a Feminist Biopsychosocial Perspective
Authors: Johnson Karen
Published: May 2014

Historically, psychiatry has ignored, minimized, or misinterpreted the profound biological, social, economic, and power differences between women and men, all of which greatly affect individual psychological development
Family Genesis of Aggression
Authors: Lanskv Melvin A
Published: May 2014

Useful explanations of violent behavior must consider the context of intimate relationships.
An Introduction to Dysthymia
Authors: Frances Allen J
Published: May 2014

Systematic research on this condition has been performed for only about 15 years.
Social Impairment in Dysthymia
Authors: Friedman Richard A
Published: May 2014

Social and occupational impairments vary widely, from the generally milder dysfunction in dysthymia to the often disabling functional impairments in acute major depression.
The Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Rothschild Anthony J
Published: May 2014

Introduction of the DST led to greater interest among psychiatric researchers in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
A Critical Review of Principles Involved in Quality Mental Health Software Available From Computer Bulletin Board Systems (BBSs)
Authors: Miller Marvin J
Published: May 2014

Computer bulletin board systems are increasing rapidly to spread software and to serve as message centers.
Administrative Uses for Computer Databases in Psychiatry
Authors: Baskin David
Published: May 2014

Benefits of database use include the concentration of information, speed of access, and the flexibility of ways to view data.
Clinical Databases
Authors: Lieff Jonathan D
Published: May 2014

Today, there are several commercial versions of software specifically designed for the needs of psychiatrists.
Pharmacokinetics in Child/Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Hughes Carroll W , Preskorn Sheldon H
Published: May 2014

Unrecognized and/or ineffectively treated psychiatric conditions in childhood and adolescence are likely to have profound and lifelong effects on psychosocial development.
The Role of Psychopharmacotherapy in the Dying Patient
Authors: Sheehan Mary K , Janicak Philip G , Dowd Sheila
Published: May 2014

Psychotropic drugs can play an important role in the overall treatment strategy to effectively manage the dying patient's symptoms, as well as to improve quality of life.
Depression in Dementia
Authors: Kim Edward , Rovner Barry W
Published: May 2014

It is often difficult to determine whether depressive symptoms are an emotional response to the recognition of cognitive deterioration or primary symptoms of the dementing illness.
Helping Patients and Families to Take Control
Authors: Raia Paul A
Published: May 2014

An alarming number, nearly 50% of the caregivers observed, meet the diagnostic criteria for depression.
Legal Aspects of the Psychosocial Management of the Demented Patient
Authors: Fisher John W
Published: May 2014

Early diagnosis presents critical opportunities to preserve patient autonomy and protect financial security.
Frequency of Choroidal Abnormalities in Pediatric Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Goktas Sertan , Sakarya Yasar , Ozcimen Muammer , Alpfidan Ismail , Uzun Meltem , Sakarya Rabia , Yarbag Abdulhekim
Published: May 2014

Purpose:

To investigate the frequency of choroidal abnormalities in pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 detected by infrared reflectance imaging.

Methods:

The fundus of 38 eyes of 19 patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 was examined using infrared reflectance imaging with optical coherence tomography. Forty eyes of 20 age-matched controls were examined similarly. Each patient was evaluated for the presence and the number of choroidal abnormalities. The correlation between the total number of choroidal abnormalities and the patient’s age was studied.

Results:

A total of 19 patients (11 females, 8 males) were included. The mean age of the neurofibromatosis group was 8.63 ± 3.15 years (range: 4 to 16 years) and that of the control group was 9.05 ± 3.27 years (range: 4 to 15 years). Choroidal nodules appearing as bright patchy nodules were detected in 15 (78.9%) of 19 patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and 1 (5%) of 20 control subjects. In terms of the frequency of choroidal abnormalities, the difference was significant between the patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and the controls (
P
< .001). There was a positive correlation between the number of choroidal abnormalities in both eyes and the patient’s age (
r
= 0.701,
P
= .001).

Conclusions:

Choroidal abnormalities are frequent in neurofibromatosis type 1. Choroidal abnormalities detected by infrared reflectance imaging with optical coherence tomography can be used to diagnose neurofibromatosis type 1.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(4):204–208.]
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ELECTROMYOGRAPHY SIGNAL OF NECK MUSCLE AND HUMAN VOICE SIGNAL FOR CONTROLLING LOUDNESS OF ELECTROLARYNX
Authors: Arifin Fatchul , Sardjono Tri Arief , Purnomo Mauridhi Hery
Published: May 2014

Human voice intonation is affected by pitch and loudness. Pitch is related to the frequency of human voice, while loudness is related to the magnitude of human voice. Someone who does not have vocal cords, has no ability to produce voice. This problem is suffered by laryngectomy patients. Over half of all laryngectomy patients worldwide use electrolarynx for the rehabilitation of their speech ability. Unfortunately, the electrolarynx voice produces monotonic and flat intonation. Small changes in pitch and loudness of electrolarynx will give a better expression in laryngectomy patients. However, previous researches have focused on utilization of electromyography (EMG) signal of neck muscle for only pitch control. In this research, the relationship between human voice intonation (i.e. frequency and magnitude) and EMG signals of neck muscles was studied by looking for their correlation and their mutual information. Human voice signal and EMG signal of neck muscle were recorded simultaneously while subjects were saying "A" with varying intonation. The EMG signal of neck muscle was processed using amplifying, filtering, rectifying and "moving average" process. On the other hand, the human voice was processed by FFT Algorithm to obtain magnitude and fundamental frequency. The result shows that the correlation coefficient between human voice magnitudes and EMG signal of neck muscle is 0.93, while the correlation coefficient between human voice frequency and EMG signal of neck muscle is 0.88. Moreover, the mutual information between human voice magnitudes and EMG signal of neck muscle is 1.07, while the mutual information between human voice frequency and EMG signal of neck muscle is 0.65. These results show that the relationship between human voice magnitudes and EMG signal of neck muscle is stronger than the relationship between human voice frequencies and EMG signal of neck muscle. Therefore, it is more appropriate to use the EMG signal of neck muscle for controlling loudness of electrolarynx than that of the pitch of electrolarynx.
The influence of Greek drama on Matthew’s Gospel
Authors: McCuistion Paul R. , Warner Colin , Viljoen Francois P.
Published: May 2014

This article presents the Greek influence on the genre of Matthew’s text. Greek and Roman tragedy is examined, from which the five basic elements of tragedy are identified. A brief examination of the characters in the Matthean text is done to identify Greek cultural influences on the structuring of the Gospel. This study offers evidence that Matthew may have intentionally orchestrated a drama with the intent of having an understandable, attractive way to present Jesus to Jew and gentile alike.
The Purine Bias of Coding Sequences is Determined by Physicochemical Constraints on Proteins
Authors: De Leon Miguel Ponce , De Miranda Antonio Basilio , Alvarez-Valin Fernando , Carels Nicolas
Published: May 2014

For this report, we analyzed protein secondary structures in relation to the statistics of three nucleotide codon positions. The purpose of this investigation was to find which properties of the ribosome, tRNA or protein level, could explain the purine bias (Rrr) as it is observed in coding DNA. We found that the Rrr pattern is the consequence of a regularity (the codon structure) resulting from physicochemical constraints on proteins and thermodynamic constraints on ribosomal machinery. The physicochemical constraints on proteins mainly come from the hydropathy and molecular weight (MW) of secondary structures as well as the energy cost of amino acid synthesis. These constraints appear through a network of statistical correlations, such as (i) the cost of amino acid synthesis, which is in favor of a higher level of guanine in the first codon position, (ii) the constructive contribution of hydropathy alternation in proteins, (iii) the spatial organization of secondary structure in proteins according to solvent accessibility, (iv) the spatial organization of secondary structure according to amino acid hydropathy, (v) the statistical correlation of MW with protein secondary structures and their overall hydropathy, (vi) the statistical correlation of thymine in the second codon position with hydropathy and the energy cost of amino acid synthesis, and (vii) the statistical correlation of adenine in the second codon position with amino acid complexity and the MW of secondary protein structures. Amino acid physicochemical properties and functional constraints on proteins constitute a code that is translated into a purine bias within the coding DNA via tRNAs. In that sense, the Rrr pattern within coding DNA is the effect of information transfer on nucleotide composition from protein to DNA by selection according to the codon positions. Thus, coding DNA structure and ribosomal machinery co-evolved to minimize the energy cost of protein coding given the functional constraints on proteins.
Herbivore Biodiversity Varies with Patch Size in an Urban Archipelago
Authors: Bode Robert F. , Maciejewski Ashleigh
Published: May 2014

The effects of ecosystem fragmentation on biodiversity during urbanization are well established. As a city grows, it replaces much of the native plant life with asphalt, cement, and lawns, yet small patches of native plants remain in greenspaces, which act as refugia for native animals. However, little work has been done on the patterns of re-colonization by native animals as urban decay allows for re-establishment of native plant communities. We found that patterns of biodiversity in the insect herbivore community within an archipelago of abandoned lots follow patterns of island biogeography, with higher biodiversity on large islands. We also found that insect colonization of the abandoned lots was correlated with each species' dispersal ability. The patterns seen here have implications for patterns of species movement into urban systems as new parks are established or as abandoned lots are re-colonized by native plants.
Canada fleabane (Conyza canadensis) control with preplant applied residual herbicides followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA applied postemergence in corn
Authors: Ford Laura , Soltani Nader , Robinson Darren E. , Nurse Robert E. , McFadden Allan , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: May 2014

Ford, L., Soltani, N., Robinson, D. E., Nurse, R. E., McFadden, A. and Sikkema, P. H. 2014. Canada fleabane (Conyza canadensis) control with preplant applied residual herbicides followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA applied postemergence in corn. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1231–1237. Glyphosate resistant (GR) Canada fleabane (Conyza canadensis) is an extremely problematic weed in no-tillage farming operations. A total of five field trials were conducted over a 2-yr (2012 and 2013) period in Ontario to determine the level of GR Canada fleabane control with a two-pass weed control program of a pre plant (PP) residual herbicide followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate dimethylamine (DMA) applied POST. Among residual herbicide treatments evaluated, s-metolachlor (1600 g a.i. ha−1)+flumetsulam (50 g a.i. ha−1)+clopyralid (135 g a.e. ha−1) provided the most consistent (95–99%) control across all sites 8 wk after application (WAA). S-metolachlor/atrazine (1800 g a.i. ha–1) did not provide effective GR Canada fleabane control (21–86%) 8 WAA. The preplant residual herbicides followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA (1720 g a.e. ha−1) POST provided 97–100% control. Glyphosate (900 g a.e. ha−1) applied PP followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA POST provided 80–93% control 8 WAA. The application of 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA POST following any PP residual herbicide resulted in 97% or greater control of GR Canada fleabane. Results from this research demonstrate that residual herbicides applied PP followed by 2,4-D choline/glyphosate DMA POST provides excellent control of GR Canada fleabane, and also incorporates different modes of action thereby limiting the selection of resistant weeds.
Desulphurized tailings serve as a useful soil supplement for mine reclamation
Authors: Carson Allan W. , Rutherford P. Michael , Burton Philip J.
Published: May 2014

Carson, A. W., Rutherford, P. M. and Burton, P. J. 2014. Desulphurized tailings serve as a useful soil supplement for mine reclamation. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 529–541. Soil is often in limited supply for use in mine reclamation activities; it may be necessary to build soils (Anthroposols) using locally available substrates. Eight test plots were established at Huckleberry Mine, Houston, BC, to investigate soil properties and evaluate the performance and metal uptake of plants established on stockpiled soils that were or were not supplemented with non-acid generating sand (NAGS) and fertilizer. Concentrations of total and extractable trace elements (including base metals) were lower in NAGS-supplemented soils than in non-supplemented soils. Supplementing soils with NAGS reduced cation exchange capacity and exchangeable base cations, yet plant performance was not significantly lower than that observed in non-supplemented soils. When combined with a fertilizer application, plant performance on NAGS-supplemented soils significantly increased. For heavy metals analyzed in plant tissues, only molybdenum (Mo) concentrations exceeded the National Research Council’s (NRC) recommended maxima for beef cattle. The copper (Cu):Mo ratio for all treatments was above a suggested adverse-health threshold value for ruminant feeds (with lesser values leading to adverse health effects). The use of NAGS (combined with fertilizer) as a supplement to stockpiled mine soil can increase the quantity of growth media for reclamation and is not expected to have any adverse effects on plant growth or the metal content in above-ground vegetation.
Relações sociométricas dos pesquisadores que patentearam inventos
Authors: Oliveira Nivaldo , Zambalde André Luiz
Published: May 2014

Este artigo buscou identificar a estrutura das relações sociométricas dos pesquisadores da Universidade Federal Lavras que registraram patentes, compreender as conexões estruturais e os nós dentro dessa rede. Foi realizada uma análise documental para examinar a rede de inventores e patentes depositadas entre 2003 e 2012, pelos pesquisadores da UFLA no INPI através do Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica da UFLA - Nintec. Há uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre sociometria, teorias explicativas e conceitos importantes para compreensão de redes sociais. Como técnica de pesquisa adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa. Para as análises foram tomados como base o mapa total da rede, de patentes e inventores da UFLA, com suas relações pesquisadas por meio da análise de redes sociais.
Standaardnederlands met een accent - Herkenning en evaluatie van regionaal gekleurd Standaardnederlands in Nederland
Authors: Pinget Anne-France , Rotteveel Marjolein , Van de Velde Hans
Published: May 2014

There is a long tradition of defining standard Dutch pronunciation as accentless. In a series of experiments it is investigated how listeners’ regional background influences the identification and evaluation of regional accent variation. It is shown that people from the Netherlands are successful in recognizing the regional background of speakers of standard Dutch. The standard is clearly based in the Randstad area. Although speakers are recognised as being from the Randstad, their speech is characterised as non-regional and standard. However, the evaluation of standard Dutch is not as homogeneous as in other studies. In comparison with people from other regions in the Netherlands, those from the South are less positive about Randstad speech and have more positive evaluations of the Southern accent.
Prag-raising versus Neg-raising
Authors: de Schepper Kees , van Bergen Geertje , Lestrade Sander , Stoop Wessel
Published: May 2014

In this paper we introduce Prag-raising, the phenomenon of pragmatic markers being in a matrix clause where they do not belong functionally. The phenomenon has some similarities with Neg-raising, but the differences are even more striking. In our analysis we point out the different role that subjectivity plays in Prag-raising and Neg-raising.
Analysis of elevated spring-time levels of Peroxy Acetyl Nitrate (PAN) at the High Alpine research sites Jungfraujoch and Zugspitze
Authors: Pandey Deolal S. , Henne S. , Ries L. , Gilge S. , Weers U. , Steinbacher M. , Staehelin J. , Peter T.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Largest atmospheric peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) mole fractions at remote surface sites in the Northern Hemisphere are commonly observed during the months April and May. Different formation mechanisms for this seasonal maximum have previously been suggested: hemispheric-scale production from precursors accumulated during the winter months, increased spring-time transport from up-wind continents, increased regional-scale production in the atmospheric boundary layer from recent emissions. The two high Alpine research sites Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) and Zugspitze (Germany) exhibit a distinct and consistent spring-time PAN maximum, too. Since these sites intermittently sample air masses of free tropospheric and boundary layer origin, they are ideally suited to identify the above mentioned PAN formation processes and attribute local observations to these. Here we present a detailed analysis of PAN observations and meteorological conditions during May 2008 when PAN levels were especially elevated at both sites. Highest PAN concentrations were connected with anti-cyclonic conditions, which persisted in May 2008 for about 10 days with north easterly advection towards the sites. A backward dispersion model analysis showed that elevated PAN concentrations were caused by the combination of favourable photochemical production conditions and large precursor concentrations in the European atmospheric boundary layer. The results suggest that the largest PAN values in spring 2008 at both sites were attributable to regional-scale photochemical production of PAN in the (relatively cold) planetary boundary layer from European precursors whereas the contribution of inter-continental transport or free tropospheric build-up was of smaller importance for these sites.
Exploring the chemical fate of the sulfate radical anion by reaction with sulfur dioxide in the gas phase
Authors: Tsona N. T. , Bork N. , Vehkamäki H.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The gas phase reaction between SO4−(H2O)n and SO2, n = 0–2, is investigated using ab initio calculations and kinetic modeling. Structures of reactants, transition states and products are reported. Our calculations predict that the SO2SO4−(H2O)n cluster ion, formed upon SO2 and SO4−(H2O)n collision, can isomerize to SO3SO3−(H2O)n. The overall reaction is SO2 oxidation by the SO4−(H2O)n anionic cluster. The results show that SO4−(H2O)n is a good SO2 oxidant, especially at low relative humidity, with a~reaction rate constant up to 1.1 × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. At high relative humidity, instead, the re-evaporation of SO2 from the SO2SO4−(H2O)n cluster ion is favoured.
First negative system of N2+ in aurora: simultaneous space-borne and ground-based measurements and modeling results
Authors: Axelsson K. , Sergienko T. , Nilsson H. , Brändström U. , Asamura K. , Sakanoi T.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The auroral emission of the first negative system of N2+ at 427.8 nm is analyzed using simultaneous measurements from the ground with ALIS (Auroral Large Imaging System) and from space with optical (MAC) and particle (ESA) instruments of the Reimei satellite. The study has two main objectives. The first is validation of the absolute calibration of the ALIS and the Reimei MAC cameras. The other task is to evaluate different cross sections of the electron excitation of N2+ that are used for the modeling of the auroral 1N system emissions. The simultaneous measurements of the 427.8 nm emission by ALIS and Reimei imagers show excellent agreement, indicating that the calibration of the two instruments is correct. Comparison of the 427.8 nm emission intensity calculated using the incident electron flux measured by the Reimei particle instruments with intensities measured by the optical imagers show that the best match is reached with the cross section from Shemansky and Liu (2005).
Role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from Pseudomonas putida strain MnB1 in dissolution of natural rhodochrosite
Authors: Wang H. , Pan X.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Microbially mediated oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn oxides have been demonstrated in previous studies, however, the mechanisms of bacteria how to dissolve and oxidize using a solid Mn(II) origin are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from P. putida strain MnB1 in enhancing dissolution of natural rhodochrosite. The results showed that P. putida strain MnB1 cell can effectively dissolve and oxidize natural rhodochrosite to generate Mn oxides, and EPS were found to play an important role in increasing dissolution of natural rhodochrosite. Compared with EPS-free treatment, dissolution rate of natural rhodochrosite in the presence of bacterial EPS was significantly increased with decreasing initial pH and increasing EPS concentration, ionic strength and rhodochrosite dosage (p < 0.05). The fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis implies that the functional groups like N-H, C=O and C-H in EPS contributed to the dissolution of natural rhodochrosite. This study is helpful for understanding the mechanisms of the formation of biogenic Mn oxides using a solid Mn(II) origin.
A subbasin-based framework to represent land surface processes in an Earth system model
Authors: Tesfa T. K. , Li H.-Y. , Leung L. R. , Huang M. , Ke Y. , Sun Y. , Liu Y.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Realistically representing spatial heterogeneity and lateral land surface processes within and between modeling units in Earth system models is important because of their implications to surface energy and water exchanges. The traditional approach of using regular grids as computational units in land surface models may lead to inadequate representation of subgrid heterogeneity and lateral movements of water, energy and carbon fluxes. Here a subbasin-based framework is introduced in the Community Land Model (CLM), which is the land component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Local processes are represented in each subbasin on a pseudo-grid matrix with no significant modifications to the existing CLM modeling structure. Lateral routing of water within and between subbasins is simulated with the subbasin version of a recently developed physically based routing model, Model for Scale Adaptive River Transport (MOSART). The framework is implemented in two topographically and climatically contrasting regions of the US: the Pacific Northwest and the Midwest. The relative merits of this modeling framework, with greater emphasis on scalability (i.e., ability to perform consistently across spatial resolutions) in streamflow simulation compared to the grid-based modeling framework are investigated by performing simulations at 0.125°, 0.25°, 0.5°, and 1° spatial resolutions. Comparison of the two frameworks at the finest spatial resolution showed that a small difference between the averaged forcing could lead to a larger difference in the simulated runoff and streamflow because of nonlinear processes. More systematic comparisons conducted using statistical metrics calculated between each coarse resolution and the corresponding 0.125°-resolution simulations showed superior scalability in simulating both peak and mean streamflow for the subbasin based over the grid-based modeling framework. Scalability advantages are driven by a combination of improved consistency in runoff generation and the routing processes across spatial resolutions.
Coupling X-ray microtomography and macroscopic soil measurements: a method to enhance near-saturation functions?
Authors: Beckers E. , Plougonven E. , Gigot N. , Léonard A. , Roisin C. , Brostaux Y. , Degré A.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Agricultural management practices influence soil structure, but the characterization of these modifications and consequences are still not completely understood. In this study, we combine X-ray microtomography with retention and hydraulic conductivity measurements in the context of tillage simplification. First, this association is used to validate microtomography information with a quick scan method. Secondly, X-ray microtomography is used to increase our knowledge of soil structural differences. Notably, we show a good match for retention and conductivity functions between macroscopic measurements and microtomographic information. Microtomography refines the shape of the retention function, highlighting the presence of a secondary pore system in our soils. Analysis of structural parameters for these pores appears to be of interest and offers additional clues for soil structure differentiation, through – among others – connectivity and tortuosity parameters. These elements make microtomography a highly competitive instrument for routine soil characterization.
Variability of moisture recycling using a precipitationshed framework
Authors: Keys P. W. , Barnes E. A. , van der Ent R. J. , Gordon L. J.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Recent research has revealed that upwind land-use changes can significantly influence downwind precipitation. The precipitationshed (the upwind ocean and land surface that contributes evaporation to a specific location's precipitation) may provide a boundary for coordination and governance of these upwind-downwind water linkages. We aim to quantify the variability of the precipitationshed boundary to determine whether there are persistent and significant sources of evaporation for a given region's precipitation. We identify the precipitationsheds for three regions (i.e. Western Sahel, Northern China, and La Plata) by tracking atmospheric moisture with a numerical water transport model (WAM-2layers) using gridded fields from both the ERA-Interim and MERRA reanalyses. Precipitationshed variability is examined first by diagnosing the persistence of the evaporation contribution and second with an analysis of the spatial variability of the evaporation contribution. The analysis leads to three key conclusions: (1) a core precipitationshed exists; (2) most of the variance in the precipitationshed is explained by a pulsing of more or less evaporation from the core precipitationshed; and, (3) the reanalysis datasets agree reasonably well, although the degree of agreement is regionally dependent. Given that much of the growing season evaporation arises from within a core precipitationshed that is largely persistent in time, we conclude that the precipitationshed can potentially provide a useful boundary for governing land-use change on downwind precipitation.
Stable water isotope tracing through hydrological models for disentangling runoff generation processes at the hillslope scale
Authors: Windhorst D. , Kraft P. , Timbe E. , Frede H.-G. , Breuer L.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Hillslopes are the dominant landscape components where incoming precipitation is transferred to become groundwater, streamflow or atmospheric water vapor. However, directly observing flux partitioning in the soil is almost impossible. Hydrological hillslope models are therefore being used to investigate the involved processes. Here we report on a modeling experiment using the Catchment Modeling Framework (CMF) where measured stable water isotopes in vertical soil profiles along a tropical mountainous grassland hillslope transect are traced through the model to resolve potential mixing processes. CMF simulates advective transport of stable water isotopes 18O and 2H based on the Richards equation within a fully distributed 2-D representation of the hillslope. The model successfully replicates the observed temporal pattern of soil water isotope profiles (R2 0.84 and NSE 0.42). Predicted flows are in good agreement with previous studies. We highlight the importance of groundwater recharge and shallow lateral subsurface flow, accounting for 50% and 16% of the total flow leaving the system, respectively. Surface runoff is negligible despite the steep slopes in the Ecuadorian study region.
A high resolution global scale groundwater model
Authors: de Graaf I. E. M. , Sutanudjaja E. H. , van Beek L. P. H. , Bierkens M. F. P.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Groundwater is the world's largest accessible source of fresh water. It plays a vital role in satisfying needs for drinking water, agriculture and industrial activities. During times of drought groundwater sustains baseflow to rivers and wetlands, thereby supporting ecosystems. Most global scale hydrological models (GHMs) do not include a groundwater flow component, mainly due to lack of geohydrological data at the global scale. For the simulation of lateral flow and groundwater head dynamics a realistic physical representation of the groundwater system is needed, especially for GHMs that run at finer resolution. In this study we present a global scale groundwater model (run at 6' as dynamic steady state) using MODFLOW to construct an equilibrium water table at its natural state as the result of long-term climatic forcing. The aquifer schematization and properties were based on available global datasets of lithology and transmissivities combined with estimated aquifer thickness of an upper unconfined aquifer. The model is forced with outputs from the land-surface model PCR-GLOBWB, specifically with net recharge and surface water levels. A sensitivity analysis, in which the model was run with various parameter settings, showed variation in saturated conductivity causes most of the groundwater level variations. Simulated groundwater heads were validated against reported piezometer observations. The validation showed that groundwater depths are reasonably well simulated for many regions of the world, especially for sediment basins (R2 = 0.95). The simulated regional scale groundwater patterns and flowpaths confirm the relevance of taking lateral groundwater flow into account in GHMs. Flowpaths show inter-basin groundwater flow that can be a significant part of a basins water budget and helps to sustain river baseflow, explicitly during times of droughts. Also important aquifer systems are recharged by inter-basin groundwater flows that positively affect water availability.