bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Relationship of Industrial Structure Change and Economic Fluctuations: Evidence from Sichuan, China
Authors: Feng Ying , Li Dongmei , Long Yanni
Published: December 2015

Industrial Structure Change is not only an important source of economic growth; it’s also an important driving force for economic fluctuations. In this paper, on the basis of combing the literature, and the relevant data in 1978-2013 of Sichuan Province in China, and the use of empirical VAR model to analyzes the mutual dynamic influence of Sichuan Industrial Structure Change and economic fluctuations. The study found that the rationalization and optimization of the industrial structure both impact on economic fluctuations, but the impact are on the opposite direction. In the short term, the industrial structure rationalization and industrial structure optimization respectively has positive and negative effects on economic fluctuations; in the long term the opposite. Industry Structure optimization fluctuations shows a great influence on economic fluctuations, while the rationalization of the industrial structure shows a relatively small negative effect. The impact of economic fluctuations on the rationalization of the industrial structure fluctuation and optimization performance for the negative and positive relationships. d annual reports of the sampled firms and their market values obtained from the official daily list of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) over a period of 10 years (2001-2010). Using multivariate regression as technique for data analysis, the study established that accounting information of Food & Beverages companies in Nigeria is value relevant. Accordingly, the study recommends the use of financial statements figures of Food and Beverages firms for investment decision.
 
Governance, Regulations, Trade Openness and FDI Inflows: Empirical Study
Authors: Alshammari Marwan Ahmad , Hammoudeh Mosab Amjad , Pavlovic Milos
Published: December 2015

Governance effectiveness and regulation quality have been drawing the attention in the international business arena, yet, there has not been a consensus findings regarding its potential impact on the FDI inflows. In this paper, we examine the possible links between the governments’ effectiveness and their regulation quality and the amount of FDI inflows using the existing literature and theories in the economic and international business fields. We find that regulation quality, control of corruption, and trade openness have mixed results, suggesting that further exploration is needed in this field. Results are explained and future directions are suggested based upon the empirical findings.
How Agency-Theoretic Factors Affect the Delegation of Pricing Authority to the Sales Force: An Empirical Study
Authors: Fazlzadeh Alireza , Mohammadi Pegah , Sepehrfar Abolfazl
Published: December 2015

Here we (1) empirically test a framework of important drivers of price delegation based on agency-theoretic (2)
investigate the impact of price delegation on firm performance. The study data's collected from a sample of 180
companies from the industrial home appliances and structural equipment industry in Iran. Result show that,
risk-aversion of salespeople is negatively and customer heterogeneity positively related to the degree of price
delegation. Also we find that information asymmetry has no relationship with price delegation. Furthermore, we
find a positive effect of price delegation on firm performance, which is amplified when market-related
uncertainty is high and when salespeople possess better customer-related information than their managers. Hence,
our results clearly show that rigid, “one price fits all” policies are inappropriate in many B2B market situations.
sales managers should grant their salespeople sufficient leeway to adapt prices to changing customer
requirements.
Cultivating a Global Identity
Authors: de Rivera Joseph , Carson Harry A.
Published: December 2015

Increasing economic globalization creates conflicts that can only be constructively managed if individuals and groups realize they now belong to a single people. The required sense of such a community does not involve a social group identity—as though being human consisted of being categorized as a member of a superordinate group. Rather, it involves the realization that personal identity depends on the socio-emotional relations involved in community and that the current situation requires a community that is global rather than local or national. The nature of this personal global identity and the sort of global community that is needed is explored in this article. Developing a sense of unity amongst people has always required ritual celebration, and achieving the consciousness that persons worldwide now form a global community will require a particular type of ritual whose nature is described. The authors report on some pilot studies which demonstrate that it is possible to present the idea of global identity in a way that emphasizes personal active relationships rather than group belonging, that this may increase a sense of global identification, and that one can create a celebration that may enhance the sense of personal identity in a global community. We conclude by exploring the ways in which conceiving personal identity in communal terms has implications for research on global identity and conflict. And, finally, we report on present day initiatives that may develop a global communal consciousness, and identify and describe celebrations of community that may advance a sense of global community.
Krūties vėžys Lietuvoje
Authors: Gudavičienė Daiva , Steponavičienė Laura , Lachej Nadežda
Published: December 2015

Įvadas. Krūties vėžys – viena dažniausių moterų onkologinių ligų Lietuvoje. Pastaraisiais metais krūties vėžį pagal dažnį lenkia tik odos piktybiniai susirgimai. Krūties vėžio gydymo rezultatai Lietuvoje nėra džiuginantys. Krūties vėžys – pagrindinė moterų mirštamumo priežastis dėl onkologinių susirgimų. Tai paskatino apžvelgti krūties vėžio paplitimą, sergamumo ir mirštamumo nuo krūties vėžio pokyčius Lietuvoje, palyginti Lietuvos tendencijas su kitų šalių rezultatais. Bandyta išsiaiškinti priežastis, kodėl negerėja išgyvenamumo rezultatai.
Medžiaga ir metodika. Remdamiesi Lietuvos vėžio registro duomenimis, analizavome sergamumo ir mirštamumo nuo krūties vėžio duomenis ir tendencijas Lietuvoje, palyginome Lietuvos statistinius duomenis su pasaulio duomenimis. Nagrinėjome paskelbtas apklausas apie profilaktines patikros programas. Norėdami sužinoti, kaip veikia profilaktinės patikros programa, išanalizavome pagal programą tikrintų moterų Nacionaliniame vėžio institute duomenis. Pagrindinis informacijos šaltinis, ieškant duomenų, buvo Lietuvos vėžio registro bei PubMed bei Medscape duomenų bazės.
Rezultatai. Pagal profilaktinę patikros programą pasitikrina tik trečdalis tikslinės grupės moterų. Neretai pagal programą siunčiamos tikrintis moterys, kurių krūties susirgimo požymiai yra akivaizdūs. Išgyvenamumo rodikliai gydant krūties vėžį Lietuvoje yra blogesni, palyginti su išsivysčiusiomis Vakarų Europos šalimis. Taip gali būti dėl nepakankamai anksti nustatomų pakitimų ir nepakankamai modernaus gydymo.
Išvados. Norint pagerinti sergančiųjų krūties vėžiu išgyvenamumą Lietuvoje, svarbu kuo anksčiau nustatyti šią ligą, gydymo taktiką aptarti multidisciplininėje komandoje, o pacientėms turi būti prieinamas modernus gydymas. Profilaktinės krūtų patikros teigiamą poveikį pacienčių išgyvenamumui tikimės pajusti artimiausiais metais. Reikia šviesti visuomenę ir šeimos gydytojus apie krūties vėžį, diagnostikos ir gydymo tendencijas bei naujoves.
Corpo-paisagem: Diadorim e o sertão inflamável
Authors: Poletto Ana Júlia
Published: December 2015

Resumo: este artigo parte da paisagem como construção cultural e  busca analisar através da leitura das imagens do corpo de Diadorim, personagem de Grande sertão: Veredas de Guimarães Rosa, as paisagens corporais que aparecem na obra, buscando representações da experiência da modernidade neste corpo representado. Acreditamos que na travessia do corpo selvagem-sertão à água-vereda podemos encontrar um imaginário de corpos a serem lidos, corpos que, como as paisagens, são construídos.
Effects of the CuS phase on the growth and properties of CuInS2 thin films
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Han Anjun , Liu Zhengxin , Sugiyama Mutsumi
Published: December 2015

CuInS2 thin films were prepared by sulfurization using a less hazardous liquid, metal–organic ditertiarybutylsulfide, on soda-lime glass substrates. Single-phase chalcopyrite CuInS2 films were obtained after 15 min at 515 °C. The obtained CuInS2 films were repeatedly sulfurized under different sulfurization conditions. The characteristics of these CuInS2 films were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra analyses. The secondary impurity phase such as CuS was confirmed from XRD patterns. The growth mechanism of intrinsic defects related to the secondary phase is discussed in this paper.
Tribological and corrosion behaviors of carburized AISI 4340 steel
Authors: Thong-on Atcharawadi , Boonruang Chatdanai
Published: December 2015

AISI 4340 steel is widely used in automotive and aircraft industries as gear components. In such applications, surface hardening processes such as carburizing are required in order to improve the life time of the components. There are many studies showing the tribological behavior of the carburized steel, but the corrosion behavior has not yet been clarified. This paper reports on both tribological and corrosion behaviors of the carburized AISI 4340 steel. Factor associated with carburizing, such as the quantities of deposited carbon, dissolved carbon, and formed Cr23C6and Fe3C, affect the tribological and corrosion behaviors of the steel by improving hardness, friction, lubrication, and wear resistance; but corrosion resistance is reduced. The dissolved carbon affects the formation of the oxide layer of the carburized steel, by obstructing the continuous oxide layer formation and by decreasing the chromium content of the steel, leading to the decrease in the corrosion resistance of the steel.
Tailoring surface properties of polyethylene separator by low pressure 13.56 MHz RF oxygen plasma glow discharge
Authors: Li Chun , Liang Chia-Han , Huang Chun
Published: December 2015

Low-pressure plasma surface modification in a radio-frequency capacitively coupled glow discharge of oxygen gas was carried out to induce polar functional groups onto polyethylene membrane separator surfaces to enhance its hydrophilicity. The surface changes in surface free energy were monitored by static contact angle measurement. A significant increase in the surface energy of polyethylene membrane separators caused by the oxygen gas plasma modifications was observed. The static water contact angle of the plasma-modified membrane separator significantly decreased with the increase in treatment duration and plasma power. An obvious increase in the surface energy of the membrane separators owing to the oxidative effect of oxygen-gas-plasma modifications was also observed. Optical emission spectroscopy was carried out to analyze the chemical species generated by oxygen gas plasma surface modification. The variations in the surface morphology and chemical structure of the separators were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS showed significantly higher surface concentrations of oxygen functional groups in the oxygen-gas-plasma-modified polymeric separator surfaces than in the unmodified polymeric separator surface. The experimental results show the important role of chemical species in the interaction between oxygen gas plasmas and the separator surface, which can be controlled by surface modification to tailor the hydrophilicity of the separator.
An Introduction to Evolutionary Optimization for Microwave Engineering
Authors: Zhang Lei , Aaen Peter H. , Dhaene Tom , Sahu Abhishek , Devabhaktuni Vijay
Published: December 2015

This article overviews the fundamentals of evolutionary optimization as compared with conventional optimization techniques. We introduce evolutionary concepts through the simple genetic algorithm (SGA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and present introductory examples demonstrating their use in microwave engineering.
Modeled sensitivity of the Northwestern Pacific upper‐ocean response to tropical cyclones in a fully coupled climate model with varying ocean grid resolution
Authors: Li Hui , Sriver Ryan L. , Goes Marlos
Published: December 2015

Tropical cyclones (TCs) actively contribute to Earth's climate, but TC‐climate interactions are largely unexplored in fully coupled models. Here we analyze the upper‐ocean response to TCs using a high‐resolution Earth system model, in which a 0.5° atmosphere is coupled to an ocean with two different horizontal resolutions: 1° and 0.1°. Both versions of the model produce realistic TC climatologies for the Northwestern Pacific region, as well as the transient surface ocean response. We examined the potential sensitivity of the coupled modeled responses to ocean grid resolution by analyzing TC‐induced sea surface cooling, latent heat exchange, and basin‐scale ocean heat convergence. We find that sea surface cooling and basin‐scale aggregated ocean heat convergence are relatively insensitive to the horizontal ocean grid resolutions considered here, but we find key differences in the poststorm restratification processes related to mesoscale ocean eddies. We estimate the annual basin‐scale TC‐induced latent heat fluxes are 1.70 ± 0.16 × 1021 J and 1.43 ± 0.16 × 1021 J for the high‐resolution and low‐resolution model configurations, respectively, which account for roughly 45% of the total TC‐induced ocean heat loss from the upper ocean. Results suggest that coupled modeling approaches capable of capturing ocean‐atmosphere feedbacks are important for developing a complete understanding of the relationship between TCs and climate.
Water sources and mixing in riparian wetlands revealed by tracers and geospatial analysis
Authors: Lessels Jason S. , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Birkel Christian , Dick Jonathan , Soulsby Chris
Published: December 2015

Mixing of waters within riparian zones has been identified as an important influence on runoff generation and water quality. Improved understanding of the controls on the spatial and temporal variability of water sources and how they mix in riparian zones is therefore of both fundamental and applied interest. In this study, we have combined topographic indices derived from a high‐resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with repeated spatially high‐resolution synoptic sampling of multiple tracers to investigate such dynamics of source water mixing. We use geostatistics to estimate concentrations of three different tracers (deuterium, alkalinity, and dissolved organic carbon) across an extended riparian zone in a headwater catchment in NE Scotland, to identify spatial and temporal influences on mixing of source waters. The various biogeochemical tracers and stable isotopes helped constrain the sources of runoff and their temporal dynamics. Results show that spatial variability in all three tracers was evident in all sampling campaigns, but more pronounced in warmer dryer periods. The extent of mixing areas within the riparian area reflected strong hydroclimatic controls and showed large degrees of expansion and contraction that was not strongly related to topographic indices. The integrated approach of using multiple tracers, geospatial statistics, and topographic analysis allowed us to classify three main riparian source areas and mixing zones. This study underlines the importance of the riparian zones for mixing soil water and groundwater and introduces a novel approach how this mixing can be quantified and the effect on the downstream chemistry be assessed.
Metapragmatics
Authors: Overstreet Maryann
Published: December 2015

Metapragmatics is concerned with the human ability to reflect on the pragmatics of language use and, at a practical level, with the study of features of language that seem to be indicative of that reflexivity.
Relevance Theory and Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Foster‐Cohen Susan
Published: December 2015

Relevance theory (RT) is an account of how hearers interpret (and by implication how speakers design) verbal and nonverbal communications. The roots of RT are in Grice's account of the pragmatics of utterance interpretation; but whereas Grice argues for a cooperative principle that forms a compact between speakers and hearers and four maxims that drive speakers' message design (quantity, quality, relation, and manner), RT argues there is no need for either a cooperative principle or any of the maxims except (in a sense) the maxim of relation; although it is not understood as a maxim to follow but rather an inherent characteristic of human mental processing.
A Catalyst‐Based Self‐Sufficient System with Durable Self‐Healing Functionality
Authors: Sun Wen , Wang Lida , Wu Tingting , Zhu Tianzhen , Xie Hongbin , Pan Yanqiu , Liu Guichang
Published: December 2015

A novel self‐sufficient self‐healing system for metal protection is demonstrated in this work. The system is sustainable and can provide effective and durative protection for metal through autonomously healing the protective layer on metal surface while without adding any additional consumable reagents or external powers. As the system is fabricated on the basis of stable oxygen reduction reaction catalyst, the self‐healing process can be repeated many times. Furthermore, the combination of catalyst‐induced repeatable self‐healing of metal passivation and serviceability of polymers makes this system ideal for intelligent metal protection.
Influence of the Composition on the Properties of (Cr1–xAlx)N/MoySz PVD Coatings
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Brögelmann Tobias , Basturk Serhan , Klocke Fritz , Mattfeld Patrick , Trauth Daniel , Polcik Peter , Kolozsvári Szilárd
Published: December 2015

(Cr1−xAlx)N/MoySz coatings promise a solution for replacement of lubricants on highly forced tools in dry cold forging. Wear resistant (Cr1−xAlx)N together with the self‐lubricating MoySz deposited using PVD technology offers an extension of tool life without lubricants. This combination is insufficiently researched and its capabilities are yet unknown. In this contribution, (Cr1−xAlx)N/MoySz coatings are deposited by means of PVD in an industrial‐scale unit. Decreasing the Cr and Al content by increasing Mo and S content, influences the coating properties considerably. It is found that hardness and indentation modulus decrease. However, an increase of the deposition rate is observed. A reduction of the friction coefficient with the increase of MoySz content is detected.
Metall‐Ligand‐Schwingungen in den Infrarot‐Absorptionsspektren von Komplexen mit leichten Zentralatomen und Sauerstoffkoordination: II. Bor‐ und Kohlenstoffverbindungen
Authors: Funck Ernst
Published: December 2015

In den IR‐Spektren mehrerer Borkomplexe mit vierzähliger Koordination werden (teilweise mit Hilfe des 10B/11B‐Isotopeneffekts) die antisymmetrischen Valenzschwingungen des BO4‐Tetraeders zugeordnet. Die bei Td‐Symmetrie dreifach entartete Schwingung ist meistens aufgespalten, manchmal in beträchtlichem Maße. Das untersuchte Material ergibt eine mittlere Wellenzahl von 1030 cm−1. Der Vergleich der Borverbindungen mit einigen isoelektronischen Kohlenstoffverbindungen ergibt für die entsprechenden Schwingungen der CO4‐Gruppe einen etwas höheren Wert von 1110 cm−1. Das entspricht den Verhältnissen bei Verbindungen des Bors und Kohlenstoffs mit zwei‐ und dreizahliger Koordination.
Die Kinetik des Protonenaustauschs methanolischer Formiatpuffer bei + 25°C
Authors: Meyer Bernd D. , Dreeskamp Herbert , Sommer Udo
Published: December 2015

Die Austauschgeschwindigkeiten der Hydroxyl‐ und Carboxyl‐Protonen RM und RC methanolischer Formiatpuffer bei 25°C wurden durch Protonenresonanzspektren bei Hochauflösung und langsamem Durchgang untersucht. Dem Methanol wurden zur Feld‐Frequenz‐Stabilisierung 20 Vol.‐% Benzol und zur Kontrolle des Magnetfeldes 5 Vol.‐% Cyclohexan zugesetzt. Bei der Berechnung der tatsächlich vorhandenen Ameisensäure‐ und Formiat‐Aktivitäten x und y wurde die Verunreinigung des Lösungsmittels durch eine schwache Base (0,5 ± 0,1 ppm NH3) berücksichtigt. Folgende kinetischen Terme tragen zu RM bei: a = 10 ± 5[mol/sec] (unkatalysierter Austausch);bx/y mit b = 136 ± 36 [mol/1sec] (H+‐Katalyse); cy/x mit c = 0,50 ± 0,39 [mol/1sec] (OR−‐Katalyse); ixy mit i = (7,27 ± 0,17) ± 108 [1/mol sec] (termolekularer, vom Kation unabhängiger Austausch unter Beteiligung von einem Molekül Ameisensäure, einem Molekül Formiat und ni = 0,91 ± 0,19 Molekülen Methanol); hx2 mit h = (3,6 ± 1,6) ± 105 [1/mol sec] (cyclischer Austausch unter Beteiligung von Methanol und 2 Molekülen Ameisensäure); gy2/x mit g = (4,02 ± 0,88) ± 103 [sec−1]. Daneben wurden Beiträge zu RM gefunden, die linear oder quadratisch von y abhängen (fy und/oder jy2), zwischen denen aber nicht unterschieden werden konnte: f = (2,7 ± 1,1) ± 105 [sec−1] bei j = 0,j = (6,0 ± 2,4) ± 107 [1/mol sec] bei f = 0. Die gefundenen kinetischen Parameter werden mit Daten ähnlicher Systeme verglichen.
Schwingungsrelaxation von HCl (v = 1) bei tiefen Temperaturen
Authors: Schramm B. , Rapp H.
Published: December 2015

Wir berichten über Messungen der Schwingungsenergieübertragung von HCl (v = 1) mit Hilfe der Methode der laserangeregten Fluoreszenz. Im Temperaturbereich zwischen Zimmertemperatur und 190 K wurden die V‐T,R‐Selbstrelaxation und die V‐V‐Übertragung in reinem HCl sowie die Energieübertragung in den Mischungen HClN2, HClNO und HCl–CH4 gemessen. Die V‐T,R‐Relaxation in dem System HClH2 wurde bis hinunter zu 140 K untersucht, wobei sich bei etwa 200 K ein Minimum in der Energieübertragungswahrscheinlichkeit ergab.
Diffusion of Tritium in Cold‐Worked Palladium
Authors: Sicking G. , Glugla M. , Huber B.
Published: December 2015

The mobility of hydrogen in cold‐rolled palladium specimens of different degree of plastic deformation was measured by employing the tritium tracer method. – In one set of experiments the temperature dependence of the diffusivity was determined at very low hydrogen to metal ratios below about 10−5. In another set of experiments the influence of precharged hydrogen on the tritium mobility was investigated at constant temperature. – The diffusion of tritium as a tracer in presence of hydrogen and within an imperfect lattice is treated on the assumption of local isotope distribution equilibrium between traps and interstitial sites. A trap binding energy of about 18 kJmol−1 is obtained. – By means of a self‐consistent evaluation of the experimental data also the trap binding entropy, the concentration of traps, and the separation factor of the isotope distribution equilibrium is determined. – It is found that tritium is enriched in interstitial positions. The concentration of traps is doubled on going from 30% to 50% of deformation. The localized vibrations of tritium in trap sites are found to be distinctly softer than in interstitial positions. – We suggest dislocation cores and sites close to dislocation cores as operating traps. The interaction energy between hydrogen and dislocation traps is discussed in connection with the misfit energy of hydrogen in metals.
Structure of Liquid Chloroform. A Comparison between Computer Simulation and Neutron Scattering Results
Authors: Dietz W. , Heinzinger K.
Published: December 2015

The intermolecular structure functions for liquid chloroform of various isotopic composition have been calculated from an MD simulation. Good agreement was found with the x‐ray measurement and four of the five experimental neutron structure functions. Strong disagreement, however, exists between the atom atom correlation functions derived from the neutron scattering experiments with the isotopic substitution method and the MD results. It seems possible that the atom atom correlation functions from the neutron scattering experiments, which are not without difficulties, might have suffered from experimental uncertainties.
Prediction of Mutual Solubilities of Heavy Components with Super‐Critical and Slightly Sub‐Critical Solvents: The Role of Equations of State and Some Applications of a Simple Expanded Lattice Model at Subcritical Temperatures
Authors: King M. B. , Kassim K. , Bott T. R. , Sheldon J. R. , Mahmud R. S.
Published: December 2015

The use (and limitations) of equations of state for collating and predicting liquid/liquid and liquid/dense fluid equilibria is discussed with reference to 15 binary pairs (including some new data for the Carbon dioxide/Hexadecane system at 60°C) and three ternary combinations. It is concluded that the estimation of some of the parameters required for these calculations would be difficult if the solute was a complex substance about which little was known apart from its structural formula. ‐ An alternative procedure is to apply activity coefficient expressions of the “regular solution” or UNIFAC type to each phase. Preliminary calculations along these lines are described and the physical basis for applying these methods under the relevant conditions is discussed. The “UNIFAC” approach in particular has been found to be encouraging, though the interaction parameters must be regarded as pressure dependent.
Diffusion of Liquid Hydrocarbons in Supercritical CO2 by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Saad Hani , Gulari Esin
Published: December 2015

Binary diffusion coefficients of benzene and heptane in supercritical CO2 were measured by photon correlation spectroscopy. The measurements were carried out along isochores in the dense gas region at concentrations less than 5 mole percent hydrocarbon. The results of an analysis of data using mode‐mode‐coupling theory indicated that the exponent of the correlation length, ν = 0.67 ± 0.03 on the critical isochore. On the other hand, ν = 0.86 ± 0.05 was obtained on isochores that were not critical and the background contribution became significant.
Must a university disclose names of student‐athletes involved in criminal reports?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: December 2015

ESPN submitted a public records request in 2014 to Michigan State University, asking it to provide incident reports involving a list of student‐athletes. The university produced records but redacted the names and identifying information of the suspects, victims and witnesses.
Twenty Years Post‐genocide: The Creation of Mental Health Competence among Rwandan Survivors Through Community‐based Healing Workshops
Authors: Mahr Ines‐Lena , Campbell Catherine
Published: December 2015

Twenty years after the genocide, many Rwandans still suffer from the psychological wounds of the past. The country's mental health agenda is based on individualised and psychiatric approaches that help some but cannot be provided on a large scale. Further, many reconciliation initiatives have been based on public testimonies, which have been shown to be potentially re‐traumatising, leading to calls for small‐scale community‐based approaches to healing, which constitute a middle way between individualised and public approaches. Drawing on the concept of ‘mental health competence’ (Campbell and Burgess, 2012), this study evaluates one such approach: the Life Wounds Healing workshops offered by the African Institute for Integral Psychology. Twenty‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted with former workshop participants, staff members and the institute's founder to investigate their views on how these workshops can help genocide survivors. The results suggest that the workshops succeed in creating mental health competence by establishing a safe social space for people to open up, increasing people's critical understandings of the processes of pain — and potential for healing — that informs behaviour change, generating bonding social capital and offering participants' income‐generating possibilities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quadruplex DNA‐Stabilising Dinuclear Platinum(II) Terpyridine Complexes with Flexible Linkers
Authors: Ang Dale L. , Harper Benjamin W. J. , Cubo Leticia , Mendoza Oscar , Vilar Ramon , Aldrich‐Wright Janice
Published: December 2015

Four dinuclear terpyridineplatinum(II) (Pt–terpy) complexes were investigated for interactions with G‐quadruplex DNA (QDNA) and duplex DNA (dsDNA) by synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD), fluorescent intercalator displacement (FID) assays and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) melting studies. Additionally, computational docking studies were undertaken to provide insight into potential binding modes for these complexes. The complexes demonstrated the ability to increase the melting temperature of various QDNA motifs by up to 17 °C and maintain this in up to a 600‐fold excess of dsDNA. This study demonstrates that dinuclear Pt–terpy complexes stabilise QDNA and have a high degree of selectivity for QDNA over dsDNA.
Siamese‐Twin Porphyrin Origami: Oxidative Fusing and Folding
Authors: Vogel Anastasia , Dechert Sebastian , John Michael , Brückner Christian , Meyer Franc
Published: December 2015

Oxidation of a nonaromatic Siamese‐twin porphyrin, a pyrazole‐containing expanded porphyrin with two porphyrinlike binding pockets, with a stoichiometric amount of the two‐electron, two‐proton oxidizing agent 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzochinone led to the formation of a single Npz‐Co‐Ph linkage between the pyrazole unit with a neighboring meso‐phenyl group, forming a pyrazolo‐ [1,5‐a]indole moiety. Repeated treatment with a second equivalent of the oxidant yielded a doubly N‐fused species, involving the second pyrazole moiety. The conversion products were characterized by variable‐temperature and multinuclear 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The fusions strongly alter the conformation of the macrocycles, as shown by X‐ray diffraction analyses of all three compounds, eventually leading to a folded structure. UV/Vis and NMR‐spectroscopic investigations indicated the presence of highly delocalized but nonmacrocycle‐aromatic π systems. This behavior of the Siamese‐twin porphyrin in response to oxidation is in contrast to the behavior of related all‐pyrrole‐based expanded macrocycles that switch, by redox processes and protonation, between Hückel and Möbius aromatic states.
Synthesis of Mesoionic Isoquinolines by Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Cheng‐Qi , Lin Hui , Dong Lin , Xu Yan‐Jun
Published: December 2015

Hydroxyl‐substituted benzaldimines underwent a RhIII‐catalyzed C−H activation and annulation with alkynes to provide novel mesoionic isoquinoline derivatives in moderate to excellent yields using oxygen as an internal anion source. This simple and efficient approach has a broad substrate scope.
ChemInform Abstract: Cation‐Poor Complex Metallic Alloys in Ba(Eu)—Au—Al(Ga) Systems: Identifying the Keys that Control Structural Arrangements and Atom Distributions at the Atomic Level.
Authors: Smetana Volodymyr , Steinberg Simon , Mudryk Yaroslav , Pecharsky Vitalij , Miller Gordon J. , Mudring Anja‐Verena
Published: December 2015

BaAu6.+‐.xGa6.+‐.
ChemInform Abstract: Terbium Oxide, Fluoride, and Oxyfluoride Nanoparticles with Magneto‐Optical Properties.
Authors: Kawashima Akira , Nakanishi Takayuki , Kitagawa Yuichi , Fujita Koji , Tanaka Katsuhisa , Fushimi Koji , Malik Mohammad A. , O'Brien Paul , Hasegawa Yasuchika
Published: December 2015

TbOn (n =1.5‐2), TbF3, and TbOF nanoparticles are prepared via thermolysis of single‐phase Tb(acac)3(MeOH)2 (I), Tb(acac)3(Ph3PO)2 (II) both for TbOn, Tb(hfa)3(MeOH)2 (hfa: hexafluoroacetylacetone) (III), and Tb(hfa)3(Ph3PO)2 (IV) complexes in oleylamine (300 °C, 3 h), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, X‐Ray Rietveld Analysis, Infrared and Moessbauer Spectroscopy of R2FeSbO7 (R3+: Y, Dy, Gd, Bi) Pyrochlore Solid Solution.
Authors: Jana Y. M. , Halder P. , Biswas A. Ali , Roychowdhury A. , Das D. , Dey S. , Kumar S.
Published: December 2015

Ln2FeSbO7 (Ln: Y, Dy, Gd) and Bi2FeSbO7 are prepared by calcination of stoichiometric mixtures of Ln2O3 (Bi2O3), Fe2O3, and Sb2O3 in air (alumina crucible, 1100‐1150 °C, 24 h), the Bi variant by staged heating from 700 to 1000 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Solvent/Substitution‐Dependent Inversion of the Enantioselectivity in Michael Addition Reaction Using Chiral Phase Transfer Catalysts.
Authors: Kottala Vijaya Ponmuthu , Murugesan Sepperumal , Siva Ayyanar
Published: December 2015

New cinchonium salts (I) are used as chiral phase transfer catalysts in the asymmetric Michael addition of chalcones with diethylmalonate.
ChemInform Abstract: Exogenous‐Base‐Free Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Arylation of Imines with Arylboroxines.
Authors: Schrapel Carmen , Peters Rene
Published: December 2015

The arylation provides the corresponding amines with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5,6‐Dihydroquinolines and Succinates via the Reaction of α,α‐Dicyanoolefins and Acetylenic Esters in a Ratio of 2:1.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Hosseini Seyed Yasub , Sedighian Hadi , Bayat Fahimeh , Zhu Zhe , Dusek Michal
Published: December 2015

A new one‐pot, convergent method for the synthesis of 5,6‐dihydroquinolines (V) by simple mixing of two equivalents of acyclic α,α‐dicyanoolefins (IV) and one equivalent of acetylenic ester in the presence of Et3N is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of 2‐Azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐enes and Sulfonyl Vinyl‐Substituted Pyrroles from 3‐Aza‐1,5‐enynes.
Authors: Xin Xiaoyi , Wang Haolong , Li Xincheng , Wang Dongping , Wan Boshun
Published: December 2015

The chemoselectivity of the base‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of 3‐aza‐1,5‐enynes is controlled by the terminal yne‐substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Metal‐Free Trifluoromethylation and Pentafluoroethylation of gem‐Difluoroalkenes with TMSCF3 and TMSCF2CF3.
Authors: Jin Guanyi , Zhang Xuxue , Fu Dan , Dai Wenpeng , Cao Song
Published: December 2015

A direct and efficient approach for the trifluoromethylation and pentafluoroethylation of 1,1‐diaryl‐2,2‐difluoroethenes with TMSCF3 and TMSCF2CF3 in the presence of TBAF is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Multimetallic Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Bromides with Aryl Triflates.
Authors: Ackerman Laura K. G. , Lovell Matthew M. , Weix Daniel J.
Published: December 2015

A general method for the direct selective synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls by cross—Ullmann reaction starting from two aryl electrophiles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: AgSCF3‐Mediated Trifluoromethylthiolation/Radical Cascade Cyclization of 1,6‐Enynes.
Authors: Liang Yong‐Min , et al.
Published: December 2015

Application of the title reaction to C‐tethered 1,6‐enynes provides trifluoromethylthio‐substituted fluorene derivatives equipped with a variety of functional groups in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Enantioenriched 2‐Chloro‐2‐aroylaziridines by Cascade Reaction Between Aryl Nitriles, Silyldichloromethanes, and tert‐Butanesulfinylimines.
Authors: Huang Ze‐Ao , Liu Hui , Lu Chong‐Dao , Xu Yan‐Jun
Published: December 2015

Silyldichloromethanes react in the presence of LDA to the corresponding alkyllithium intermediates, which undergo nucleophilic addition with aryl nitriles and subsequent [1,3]‐aza‐Brook rearrangement to dichlorocarbanions bearing α‐N‐silyl imines, which are then trapped by chiral sulfinylimines via an aza‐Darzens‐type transformation.
ChemInform Abstract: Light‐Induced C—H Arylation of (Hetero)arenes by in situ Generated Diazo Anhydrides.
Authors: Cantillo David , Mateos Carlos , Rincon Juan A. , de Frutos Oscar , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: December 2015

A photochemical catalyst‐free C‐H arylation method for the synthesis of bi(hetero)aryls by one‐pot reaction of various substituted anilines and (hetero)arenes under continuous‐flow conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Through Ring Cleavage of Simple Cyclopropanes with Isocyanates.
Authors: Tsunoi Shinji , Maruoka Yoshiaki , Suzuki Itaru , Shibata Ikuya
Published: December 2015

The synthesis of γ‐butyrolactams via [3 + 2]‐cycloaddition of cyclopropanes with isocyanates is described.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Tetrahydrocarbazoles.
Authors: Liu Qiong‐Jie , Yan Wen‐Guang , Wang Lijia , Zhang X. Peter , Tang Yong
Published: December 2015

The reaction proceeds via a chiral Lewis acid catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation of 2‐alkynylindoles and donor—acceptor cyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligandless Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Direct C—H Arylation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]imidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Grosse Sandrine , Pillard Christelle , Massip Stephane , Marchivie Mathieu , Jarry Christian , Bernard Philippe , Guillaumet Gerald
Published: December 2015

A wide range of 3,6‐di(hetero) arylated title imidazole derivatives are obtained with good functional group tolerance by C‐3 pallado‐catalyzed functionalization performed with low catalyst loading.
ChemInform Abstract: A Bioinspired Catalytic Aerobic Oxidative C—H Functionalization of Primary Aliphatic Amines: Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Nguyen Khac Minh Huy , Largeron Martine
Published: December 2015

The title benzimidazoles are obtained under mild and environmentally friendly reaction conditions by an one‐pot, multi‐step process using a biomimetic cooperative catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Benzimidazoles and Benzoxazoles Through the Molybdenum‐Mediated Carbonylation of Aryl Halides.
Authors: Kebede Eshetu , Tadikonda Ramu , Nakka Mangarao , Inkollu Bhargavi , Vidavalur Siddaiah
Published: December 2015

Various substrates are tolerant to this facile and efficient one‐pot construction of the title compounds without the need of gaseous CO or Pd‐catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Induced Cyclization of Propargyl Alkenylsulfones: A High‐Yielding Synthesis of 4,5‐Disubstituted 2H‐Thiopyran 1,1‐Dioxides.
Authors: Hatial Ishita , Das Joyee , Ghosh Ananta K. , Basak Amit
Published: December 2015

In case of sulfonamide (VIII) the dihydronaphthalene derivative (IX) is obtained through a Garratt—Braverman cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of (Di)azinyl Aldoxime Ethers by Aryl Iodides: Stereoselective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical (E)‐(Di)azinylaryl Ketoxime Ethers.
Authors: Gou Quan , Deng Bin , Qin Jun
Published: December 2015

A wide range of geometrically pure unsymmetrical title ketoxime ethers are obtained in a single step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity Profile of Ylidenemalononitrile Enamines and Their Ester Analogues Towards Electrophiles and Nucleophiles.
Authors: Longstreet Ashley R. , Rivalti Daniel , McQuade D. Tyler
Published: December 2015

A wide range of the title enamines are synthesized from ylidenemalononitriles and ylidenecyanoacetates.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones by Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Reactions of 2‐(1‐Alkynyl)benzaldimines with Water.
Authors: Zhang Mingliang , Zhang Hui‐Jun , Ruan Wenqing , Wen Ting‐Bin
Published: December 2015

A new tandem reaction between 2‐(1‐alkynyl)benzaldimines and water gives isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Peptide Synthesis Mediated by a Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine Reagent and Tris(4‐methoxyphenyl)phosphine.
Authors: Zhang Chi , Liu Shan‐Shan , Sun Bo , Tian Jun
Published: December 2015

A newly prepared iodosodilactone is used in combination with tris(4‐methoxyphenyl)phosphine as coupling reagent for peptide syntheses.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth of Highly Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7‐δ Films from a Simple Propionate‐Based Solution.
Authors: Zhao Yue , Torres Pol , Tang Xiao , Norby Poul , Grivel Jean‐Claude
Published: December 2015

Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7‐δ (YBCO) films are deposited on LaAlO3 single crystals from fluorine‐free 1.5‐1.7 M precursor solutions containing a stoichiometric mixture of Y, Ba, and Cu acetates in propionic acid (80 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Silicates in the Synthesis of Sugars Under Prebiotic Conditions
Authors: Lambert Joseph B. , Guruswamy‐Thangavelu Senthil Andavan
Published: December 2015

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Biology of the Genus Flourensia (Asteraceae)
Authors: Rios Maria Yolanda
Published: December 2015

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble Polymers for Oil Sands Tailing Treatment: A Review
Authors: Vedoy Diogenes R. L. , Soares Joao B. P.
Published: December 2015

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Advances in Non‐Fullerene Acceptor Based Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhan Chuanlang , Zhang Xinliang , Yao Jiannian
Published: December 2015

Review: 176 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of High Quality Two‐Dimensional Materials via Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Yu Jingxue , Li Jie , Zhang Wenfeng , Chang Haixin
Published: December 2015

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comparative Analysis of the ′Green′ Techniques Applied for Polyphenols Extraction from Bioresources
Authors: Talmaciu Adina Iulia , Volf Irina , Popa Valentin I.
Published: December 2015

Review: 75 refs.
Same Same – but different
Authors: Nimmrich Amke
Published: December 2015

Ein Bericht über ein Forschungspraktikum in Vietnam
Development of 3D Measurement System Using Phase Shift Digital Holography
Authors: YU QIYUE , TAGUCHI RYO , HOGURO MASAHIRO , HORIMAI HIDEYOSHI , UMEZAKI TAIZOU
Published: December 2015

The demand for three‐dimensional (3D) measurement technology has been increasing, but in many of the traditional 3D measurement methods, such as the method using phase shift pattern projection, it is difficult to measure the shape of specular‐reflective and transparent objects, because the power of the light reflected from specular reflective objects is too high and that from transparent objects is too low. Consequently, digital cameras cannot acquire accurate information from reflected light. Digital holography has been used as a means of resolving this problem. In traditional digital holography, the interference fringes of the light from the object being measured and the reference light can be captured by a digital camera. Using the Fresnel diffraction principle, the phase information in the light from the object being measured can be acquired and the shape of the object can be calculated by interferometry. Digital holography can be used to measure reflective and transparent objects. However, by the principle of Fresnel diffraction, dc and conjugate components exist in the calculated phase information a noises, so that the accuracy of measurements is reduced. Phase shift digital holography can remove noise by using special devices to change the phase of the reference light, but the devices are costly and the systems are complex, so that practical application of phase shift digital holography has been difficult. In this paper, we propose a new method of phase shift digital holography using the light detection principle. We also propose a digital holography reconstruction method using the convolution approach rather than the traditional Fresnel approach. The proposed method results in a compact phase shift holography system with lower cost and greater accuracy than the 3D measurement method. Therefore, the practical applications of digital holography can be realized less expensively and more accurately.
Energetically Self‐Sustaining Electric Power Generation System Based on the Combined Cycle of Electrostatic Induction Hydrogen Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell
Authors: ONO KATSUTOSHI
Published: December 2015

Toward achieving a breakthrough in self‐sustaining electric power generation systems consisting of a hydrogen energy cycle, we demonstrate an electrostatic induction potential superposed hydrogen electrolyzer to produce stoichiometric H‐O fuel for fuel cells. This electrolytic system operates by a mechanism in which the total power requirement is given by the product of the electrolytic current and the additional voltage over the decomposition voltage. In order to achieve the highest energy efficiency for the fuel cell and full sustainability for the fuel, a combined cycle of an H‐O fuel cell and this type of electrolyzer is introduced. Part of the power delivered by the fuel cell is returned to the electrolyzer, and the remainder represents the net power output. According to theoretical calculations, the net power output exceeds 70% of that delivered by the H‐O fuel cell, without violating the laws of thermodynamics.
Microparticles manipulation and enhancement of their separation in pinched flow fractionation by insulator‐based dielectrophoresis
Authors: Khashei Hesamodin , Latifi Hamid , Seresht Mohsen Jamshidi , Ghasemi Amir Hossein Baradaran
Published: December 2015

The separation and manipulation of microparticles in lab on a chip devices have importance in point of care diagnostic tools and analytical applications. The separation and sorting of particles from biological and clinical samples can be performed using active and passive techniques. In passive techniques, no external force is applied while in active techniques by applying external force (e.g. electrical), higher separation efficiency is obtained. In this article, passive (pinched flow fractionation) and active (insulator‐based dielectrophoresis) methods were combined to increase the separation efficiency at lower voltages. First by simulation, appropriate values of geometry and applied voltages for better focusing, separation, and lower Joule heating were obtained. Separation of 1.5 and 6 μm polystyrene microparticles was experimentally obtained at optimized geometry and low total applied voltage (25 V). Also, the trajectory of 1.5 μm microparticles was controlled by adjusting the total applied voltage.
Pricing of Renewable Energy Made Difficult by Policy Challenges
Authors: Chapman Bruce
Published: December 2015

The pricing of renewable energy appears to be beset by controversy, or at least ongoing disagreement.
The Bouverie Information and Assessment Schema (B.I.A.S.)
Authors: Pawsey Richard , Firestone Andrew
Published: December 2015

The Bouverie information and Assessment Schema (B.I.A.S) has been designed to assist family therapists in the organization of case material. It is intended for use in the review of individual sessions, or of a whole therapy (in Assessment and Termination Summaries), and is thus suitable for case recording. It is specifically designed for use by family therapists taking a Systemic/Strategic approach to therapy. It is not a guide for interviewing in family therapy. A case example illustrates its use.
Working With Clients Who Self‐Injure: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Whisenhunt Julia L. , Chang Catherine Y. , Flowers Lea R. , Brack Gregory L. , O'Hara Caroline , Raines Tara C.
Published: December 2015

This article presents the findings of a qualitative study examining the experiences of counselors in their work with clients who self‐injure. Using grounded theory methodology, the authors established 6 categories to explain the counselors’ conceptualization of self‐injury and their process of working with these clients: (a) external factors to self‐injury, (b) defining self‐injury, (c) potential for harm, (d) conditions for treatment, (e) counselors’ reactions to working with clients who self‐injure, and (f) clients’ response to treatment.
Naturalistic Recovery From Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury: A Phenomenological Inquiry
Authors: Buser Trevor J. , Pitchko Amanda , Buser Juleen K.
Published: December 2015

The authors conducted a phenomenological inquiry of 12 individuals who recovered from nonsuicidal self‐injury without psychotherapeutic or medical intervention. Results indicated that participants’ naturalistic recovery emanated from their recognition of serious physical damage, corrective interpersonal influences, and movement from unhealthy to healthy surroundings. Implications of these findings for clinical practice and future research are discussed.