bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eksaminasi Hak Pemegang Saham pada Perseroan Terbatas dalam Berbagai Kondisi Menurut UUPT Pasal 72
Authors: Hardisurjo Budihardjo , Sriwidodo Joko , Sinaulan Ramlani Lina
Published: December 2024

Struktur kepemilikan saham dalam PT sering menimbulkan ketimpangan hak dan tanggung jawab, yang berpotensi mengakibatkan ketidakadilan bagi pemegang saham minoritas. Ketidakseimbangan ini dapat memicu konflik internal, terutama saat perusahaan mengalami kerugian atau saat tindakan pengurus merugikan kepentingan pemegang saham tertentu. Pasal 72 UUPT memberikan hak kepada pemegang saham untuk menuntut ganti rugi dalam situasi di mana keputusan pengurus merugikan perusahaan, namun pemegang saham minoritas sering mengalami kesulitan dalam memperjuangkan hak-hak ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi sejauh mana hak-hak pemegang saham diatur dalam Pasal 72 UUPT dan bagaimana perlindungan terhadap kepentingan mereka dapat diterapkan dalam berbagai kondisi. Selain itu, penelitian ini menganalisis dampak perubahan dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja terhadap pengaturan PT, terutama bagi usaha mikro dan kecil yang kini dapat mendirikan PT sebagai badan hukum perorangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian hukum yuridis-normatif dengan analisis kualitatif terhadap data sekunder yang dikumpulkan dari studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan UUPT secara jelas mengatur hak dan tanggung jawab pemegang saham, termasuk hak suara dan hak untuk mendapatkan dividen. Ketimpangan antara pemegang saham mayoritas dan minoritas memerlukan perlindungan hukum terhadap ketidakadilan. Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja memfasilitasi badan hukum perorangan untuk usaha mikro dan kecil, tetapi menyoroti perlunya perlindungan hak pemegang saham yang lebih baik, akuntabilitas, dan transparansi
Analisis Yuridis Hak Pemegang Saham dalam Perseroan Terbatas : Studi Pasal 72 UUPT dalam Situasi Restrukturisasi Perusahaan
Authors: Prasetya Ahmad Fanani Eko , Sriwidodo Joko , Sinaulan Ramlani Lina
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji perlindungan hukum terhadap hak pemegang saham minoritas dalam situasi restrukturisasi perusahaan, khususnya terkait pembagian dividen dan dampak terhadap kontrol serta kepemilikan saham. Berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 72 UU Perseroan Terbatas (UUPT), pembagian dividen interim dapat dilakukan dengan syarat tertentu, namun dalam praktik restrukturisasi, pemegang saham minoritas berisiko menghadapi kerugian berupa hilangnya hak dividen, dilusi saham, dan berkurangnya pengaruh dalam pengambilan keputusan perusahaan. Selain itu, kendala dominasi pemegang saham mayoritas seringkali mengurangi perlindungan bagi pemegang saham minoritas. Penelitian ini juga memberikan saran untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan mekanisme perlindungan hak minoritas melalui perubahan anggaran dasar atau perjanjian pemegang saham yang mengatur keputusan strategis dan restrukturisasi perusahaan
Tinjauan Kritis Penerapaan Presidential Threshold Pada Pemilihan Umum Serentak
Authors: Rikardo Ofis
Published: December 2024

The Presidential Threshold was applied in the election of president and vice president in Indonesia in the 2004 election. The implementation of the Presidential Threshold began during the 2004 Presidential Election based on Law Number 23 of 2003. Prior to the Constitutional Court decision Number 14/PUU-XI/2013, the implementation of the presidential election and Legislative elections are not held simultaneously. It was only later through this decision that the presidential election and legislative election were held simultaneously. Problems then arise when the Presidential Election still requires a Presidential Threshold when the presidential election and legislative election are held simultaneously (simultaneously).
Kepentingan Publik atas Hak Akses Kesehatan dalam Pengaturan Paten di Indonesia
Authors: Ainabila Salsa Siti , Disemadi Hari Sutra , Hutauruk Rufinus Hotmaulana
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji permasalahan yang terkait dengan pengaturan paten di Indonesia, khususnya dalam konteks kepentingan publik atas aksesibilitas produk kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ketidakseimbangan antara perlindungan hak kekayaan intelektual dan kepentingan publik dalam sistem paten di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada sektor kesehatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, terutama Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten dan Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle (CPI). Penelitian ini juga membandingkan mekanisme pengaturan paten di Indonesia dengan sistem hukum di Prancis untuk mengidentifikasi upaya preventif dalam menjaga keseimbangan antara hak eksklusif pemegang paten dan akses masyarakat terhadap produk kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa monopoli paten sering kali menyebabkan kenaikan harga produk kesehatan, yang berakibat pada terbatasnya akses masyarakat, khususnya kelompok berpenghasilan rendah, terhadap layanan kesehatan. Salah satu mekanisme yang diidentifikasi untuk mengatasi hal ini adalah penerapan lisensi wajib, yang memungkinkan produksi obat generik dalam situasi darurat kesehatan. Kesimpulannya, penerapan lisensi wajib sebagai langkah preventif harus dilaksanakan dengan hati-hati untuk menjaga insentif inovasi sekaligus memastikan akses kesehatan yang lebih luas bagi masyarakat. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan perlunya kebijakan yang seimbang antara perlindungan hak kekayaan intelektual dan kepentingan publik, serta harmonisasi antara pengaturan paten nasional dengan standar internasional yang diatur dalam TRIPs Agreement.
Maqashid Masa Iddah dan Dampaknya Dalam Psikologi Perempuan
Authors: Ahsin Moh , Sholahuddin Erfan Shofari , Supriatna Encup , Fahmi Irfan
Published: December 2024

Masa iddah adalah aturan dalam Islam yang mengharuskan wanita menunggu selama jangka waktu tertentu setelah perceraian atau kematian suami. Dalam hukum Indonesia, aturan ini tertuang dalam UUP No. 1 tahun 1974 pasal 11, PP No. 9 tahun 1975 pasal 39, dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam pasal 153-155. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif yaitu dengan melaksanakan penelusuran terhadap bahan-bahan pustaka, undang-undang dan literatur lainnya Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengeksplorasi pemahaman perempuan terhadap tujuan masa iddah dari aspek spiritual, emosional, dan sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa maqashid masa iddah bertujuan untuk melindungi kehormatan perempuan, menjamin kejelasan nasab, dan memberikan waktu untuk pemulihan emosi dan mental. Dampak psikologis dari masa iddah bervariasi tergantung pada dukungan sosial, pemahaman agama, dan konteks sosial-budaya. Penelitian ini menekankan bahwa masa iddah tidak hanya bersifat legal-formal, tetapi juga memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis perempuan. Pemahaman menyeluruh dan dukungan sosial yang memadai menjadi penting agar perempuan dapat menjalani masa iddah dengan lebih baik.
Quo Vadis Mahkamah Agung Sebagai Judex Juris atau Judex Factie ? : Telaah Perubahan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Ferdy Sambo
Authors: Saputra Trias , Sarman Sarman , Bairuroh Ickbal Hofifi
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang Putusan Pengadilan dengan Tedakwa Ferdy Sambo berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Nomor 796/Pid.B/2022/PN Jkt.Sel Jo 53/PID/2023/PT DKI jo 813/K/Pid/2023. Dalam Putusan tersebut terdapat permasalah dimana Mahkamah Agung menganulir Putusan Pengadilan Negeri dan Pengadilan Tinggi yang menjatuhkan Pidana Mati kepada Ferdy Sambo yang menggantinya dengan Pidana Seumur Hidup.Putusan Mahkamah Agung menuai kritik mengingat Mahkamah Agung merupakan Peradilan Tertinggi yang bertugas sebagai Judex Juris dan bukan Judex Factie. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan beberapa Permasalahan dari Putusan Mahkamah Agung nomor 813/K/Pid/2023 yang menganulir Pidana Mati bagi Ferdy Sambo dan menggantinya dengan Pidana Seumur hidup. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah Yuridis-Normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder atau data kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan Perundang-undangan (The Statute Approach) dan Studi Kasus (Case Study)
Studi Literatur: Kandungan Gizi dan Aktivitas Senyawa Antioksidan pada Buah Stroberi (Fragaria x Ananassa)
Authors: Putri Indah Melati , Rukmansyah Ade , Endah Riska Nur , Riandani Andini Putri
Published: December 2024

Stroberi (Fragaria x Ananassa) adalah tanaman yang berasal dari keluarga Rosaideae dan dikenal memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder yang melimpah, termasuk pigmen antosianin yang memiliki sifat antioksidan yang kuat. Pigmen ini mampu memberikan manfaat untuk kulit, seperti menjadikan kulit tampak lebih cerah, bersih, dan halus, sambil juga membantu mencegah tanda-tanda penuaan dini. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengkaji litratur kandungan gizi serta aktivitas senyawa antioksidan yang terdapat pada buah stroberi. Metode penelitian ini adalah dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder pada penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan (library research) yang mengambil kesimpulan dari research article yang didapatkan dari data base sciencedirect, google scholar, dan pub med. Berdasarkan hasil kajian pada jurnal ini, buah stroberi mengandung kandungan nutrisi yang cukup banyak dan kandungan yang cukup tinggi. Stroberi mengandung berbagai senyawa fenol, termasuk flavonoid, antosianin, tannin, asam fenolat, dan proanthocyanidin. Kombinasi semua senyawa fenol ini menjadikan stroberi bukan hanya lezat, tetapi juga bermanfaat bagi kesehatan.
Pengawasan Mutu dalam Proses Pengolahan Teh Hitam dan Pengaruhnya pada Kualitas Produk Akhir
Authors: Sari Intan Puspita , Adriansyah Putri Nabila Adinda
Published: December 2024

ABSTRAK
Teh hitam dibuat melalui proses oksidasi enzimatis daun teh (Camellia sinensis L.) memiliki karakteristik khusus seperti warna, aroma, rasa, dan kandungan senyawa bioaktif seperti theaflavin dan thearubigin. Kualitas teh hitam sangat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai tahapan dalam proses pengolahannya, termasuk pemetikan, pelayuan, penggilingan, oksidasi, dan pengeringan. Dalam penelitian ini, metode review literatur digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber yang relevan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa sistem pengawasan mutu yang efektif sangat penting untuk memastikan konsistensi dan standar kualitas teh hitam. Penerapan teknologi seperti spektroskopi, sensori elektronik, dan analisis gambar digital terbukti meningkatkan efisiensi dan akurasi dalam pengawasan mutu.
Pengaruh Lama Penyangraian Terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Organoleptik Kopi Robusta
Authors: Mubarak M. Zainun Syauqil , Mulyadi Mochtar Nova
Published: December 2024

Penanganan pascapanen dan pengolahan biji kopi memerlukan perhatian terhadap berbagai faktor untuk menjaga kualitas biji kopi tersebut. Proses pengolahan kopi sangat berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik dan cita rasa akhir dari kopi. Salah satu tahap krusial dalam pengolahan kopi adalah penyangraian (roasting). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh waktu penyangraian terhadap kadar air dan respons organoleptik bubuk kopi robusta. Kopi robusta diproses dengan waktu penyangraian 10, 15, dan 20 menit pada suhu 200°C. Analisis kadar air dan atribut organoleptik (warna, rasa, aroma) dengan 3 kali ulangan, data kadar air dan organoleptik di analisis menggunakan One Way Anova dan di uji lanjut TUKEY. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa waktu penyangraian mempengaruhi kadar air, warna, dan rasa kopi secara signifikan (p<0,05), tetapi tidak mempengaruhi aroma secara signifikan (p>0,05). Kadar air menurun seiring meningkatnya waktu penyangraian, dengan waktu 20 menit menghasilkan kadar air terendah. Warna kopi menjadi lebih gelap dengan waktu penyangraian yang lebih lama, sementara rasa cenderung semakin pahit. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada atribut aroma, yang lebih dipengaruhi oleh senyawa volatil selama proses penyangraian. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa waktu penyangraian yang lebih lama meningkatkan kualitas warna dan rasa kopi tetapi tidak berpengaruh pada aroma secara signifikan.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Tahu sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair Menggunakan Teknik Fermentasi
Authors: Haerani Rosita , Supriyanto Supriyanto , Febrinasari Tantry
Published: December 2024

The rapid growth of the tofu industry is not independent of the environmental impacts caused by the tofu liquid waste produced. Tofu liquid waste contains high organic C, causing high concentrations of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). The high organic C content indicates that there are many organic materials in tofu liquid waste but it has not been optimally utilized as a raw material to make liquid organic fertilizer. This research aims to utilize tofu liquid waste as a raw material for making liquid organic fertilizer and determine the concentration of important macronutrients contained in liquid organic fertilizer from tofu liquid waste. The study method used is a quantitative method, carried out by making liquid organic fertilizer using a fermentation process and then testing the concentration of N, P and K in the fertilizer that has been made. The results of the study show that the content of important macronutrients contained in liquid organic fertilizer from tofu liquid waste is N at 0.4%, P at 0.132% and K at 0.296%.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Pabrik Teh (Camelis Sinensis) sebagai Pupuk Kompos (Studi Kasus UMKM Pembuatan Minuman Teh)
Authors: Priyanto Ibay Edi , Supriyanto Supriyanto , Adriansyah Putri Nabila Adinda
Published: December 2024

Tea solid waste comes from the remaining beverage production that has gone through two processing processes, then the resulting tea waste is processed into compost through the stages of waste separation, weighing the waste, drying the waste, making a solution between water and em4, and composting. This research aims to understand the compost making process, analyze the elements contained in the compost, analyze the quality of the compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004, and analyze the ideal dosage for plant growth. Composting was carried out for 27 days. Before the compost was used, laboratory tests were carried out between the tea waste and the tea waste compost and the compost results were compared with the SNI 19-7030-2004 Compost Quality Standard. The compost that has gone through the laboratory tests was applied to mustard plants (camelis sinensis) by giving different doses in each polybag starting from the treatment dose of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% ​​and 15%. With the weight parameter of mustard greens (camelis sinensis), the weight determination technique is to remove the plants from each polybag and then weigh them within seven days in seven scales. The results of laboratory tests of 9 SNI 19-7030-2004 Compost parameters only 3 meet the standards, so it is concluded that the composting process takes 27 days, the compost is not fully mature. The ideal plant observation application on the growth of mustard plants (camelis sinensis) in this study is at a dose of 12.5% ​​​​with the highest mustard plant weight (camelis sinensis) of 12.1 g with an average weekly weight of 8.6 g.
Patterns of Head Injuries in Fatal Fall From Heights
Authors: Shrestha Sabnam , Limbu Manoj Hang
Published: December 2024

Head injuries are most common in medico legal investigations. It is important to ascertain if the fatal head injuries is due to fall, road traffic incidents or other causes, especially in found-dead cases with isolated head injuries. Study of patterns of injuries can help differentiate the causative factors. This study is designed to study the patterns of head injury in different categories of fall. A prospective analytical study was conducted on 92 cases of fall presenting with head injuries over a period of one year. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test using SPSS software and inference was made. This study showed younger males were predominant in falls with 12-60 feet being the most common height of fall. Age of victims showed strong correlation with period of survival. All the fall cases had scalp injuries, contusion being the commonest type. The skull base injuries were present in 32.6 % of fall cases with linear fracture being the commonest type. The skull vault injuries occurred in 68.47 % of fall cases. Brain injuries were present in all fall cases. The combination of subdural hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and contusions was commonest type of brain injury among falls. The severity of scalp, skull base and skull vault injuries increased with the increase in height of falls. The causation of fatal head injuries in falls can be determined based on the patterns of injuries elicited during the autopsy examination, keeping in mind the various other factors that had come into play in the fall deaths.
Study of Blunt trauma to abdomen and associated mortality after admission in a tertiary care hospital in Moradabad District.
Authors: Abhishek Kumar Varshney  , Qaiser Rasool Panzoo  , Pramod Suryakantrao Dode  , Harsh  , Navin Kumar Varma
Published: December 2024

Introduction:- The abdomen area is the 3rd most common area which is injured and surgery required in almost about 25% of civilian cases(1). Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is one of the most important causes of mortality among trauma victims. It is the main cause of death in people under 35 years of age in worldwide. (2) Most common cause of blunt trauma abdomen in our country (India) is road traffic accident which is followed by abdominal blows and fall from heights. This ever-expanding out break targeting the youth and useful generations is likely to take a serious burden on theirsocioeconomic growth and quality of life.
Material & Method: - All the cases admitted in the Casualty of T.M.M.C & R.C from district Moradabad and its adjoining area from 1stJanuary 2014 to 30thDecember 2015 with history of blunt trauma to the abdomen were included in the study. All data were compared to similar studies.
Result: - Highest number of patients i.e. 36 (32.7%) belonged to 21-30 years age group. There were 91 (82.7%) male patients and 19 (17.3%) female patients. There were 82 (74.5%) accidental deaths and 23 (20.9%) homicidal deaths while only 5 (4.5%) suicidal deaths. In present study, majority of patients in accidental victims in males belongs to rural community 50 (61%) followed by urban community 12 (14.6%)
Autopsy-Based Study of Suicidal Deaths Among the Elderly Conducted at Victoria Hospital Mortuary.
Authors: J Cyriac Agnes , S. Venkata Raghava  , Kumar Mukund
Published: December 2024

Background: Suicide is the act of deliberately killing oneself and it is a significant cause of death in all age groups (1). When comparing the number of attempted and completed suicides, older people have a more significant number of successful suicide than any other age group worldwide (2). 'National Policy on Older Persons'- 1999 defines 'elderly' or ‘senior citizen’ as a person of age 60 years or above (3). NCRB 2020 reported that around 13,126 older people per 100,000 population committed suicide in India (4). 
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the demographic characteristics, psychological, and etiological factors associated with elderly suicides, and evaluate the methods used by individuals in this age group to end their lives.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Victoria Hospital Mortuary over 18 months (February 2021 to July 2022). Out of 397 autopsies in the study age group, 67 cases of suicide were included based on the inclusion criteria. Information was collected from police reports, family members, and suicide notes, followed by a detailed analysis of autopsy findings.
Results: The study revealed that 77.6% of the victims were male, with the majority falling within the 60-64 age group (40.3%). Hanging was the most common method of suicide (50.7%), followed by poisoning (34.3%). Key contributing factors included psychiatric disorders, predominantly depression (53.73%), chronic physical illness (46.27%), and social isolation or loneliness (32.84%).
Conclusion: Elderly suicide is a multifactorial issue, with psychological distress, chronic illness, and social isolation being the primary contributors. Effective prevention strategies should include early mental health interventions and social support systems tailored to the needs of the elderly.
Prediction Of Stature From Length Of Distal Half Of Upper Limb
Authors: Rahnas Abdul Azeez  , Arya Ajayan  , Sheik Shakeer Hussain S
Published: December 2024

Background: Establishment of identity is a real challenge when dead bodies are burnt, mutilated, or skeletonized. Stature is a very useful tool to establish the identity. Study of estimation of stature from the length of long bones are there in the literature, however the reliability of the formula is not consistent in many instances. The present study is an attempt to establish the relationship between stature and length of distal half of upper limb. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 100 subjects, 50 males and 50 females aged between 21 and 60 years in the department of Forensic Medicine in Govt. Medical College, Thrissur.  Results: In males the mean length of distal half of upper limb is 47.64 ± 1.41 cm. and correlation coefficient (r) is 0.8125. In females the mean length of distal half of upper limb is 43.94 ± 2.19 cm. and correlation coefficient (r) is 0.7458. Thus stature is strongly correlated with length of distal half of upper limb. Conclusion: There is significant difference between males and females with respect to both the parameters under study. The higher mean values obtained by males indicated that they have greater stature and length of distal half of upper limb measurements compared to females.
Paraquat poisoning presenting as sinus bradycardia; a rare clinical manifestation
Authors: Indranil Sen  , Spandan Bhadury  , Dilip Roy
Published: December 2024

Paraquat poisoning is a common yet fatal consequence in rural India. Usually it presents with local corrosive effects and early multi organ dysfunction involving lungs, liver and kidney. Here we present a case of a 25 years old man who presented with paraquat poisoning and developed asymptomatic bradycardia after admission. He was treated conservatively with isoprenaline drip, N-acetyl cysteine, steroids and other supportive therapy. The bradycardia recovered spontaneously and patient was discharged.
Study of histomorphological changes in the subarachnoid hemorrhage at different time intervals between injury infliction and death.
Authors: Limbu Manoj Hang , Shrestha Sabnam , Yadav Salmalee , Acharya Apurba , Gurung Sushila , Karki Shovana , Shrestha Rijen
Published: December 2024

Even though biochemical and molecular methods are under research for wound dating purpose, histology of the injury is still the mainstay of wound dating technique. Significance of knowing how old the wound is can have major implication in the delivery of justice. Similarly, subarachnoid hemorrhage may need to be dated in cases where other data for wound dating are scarce. This study is designed to study the histomorphological changes in the subarachnoid hemorrhages of different time interval since injury and aim to use this information for dating of subarachnoid hemorrhage for medicolegal purpose. The histology samples of subarachnoid hemorrhage of the deceased with head injuries with known post injury interval were taken during the autopsies and divided into different groups. The gross color changes and histomorphological parameters were evaluated in each group and statistical inference was made. The result showed gross color, RBC lysis, macrophage infiltration, hemosiderin laden macrophage, fibrin deposition, collagen deposition and meningeal reactive changes significantly correlated with post injury interval. Whereas, Neutrophils, lymphocytes and phagocytosis did not correlate. RBC lysis also correlated with gross color change as well. In conclusion, histology of subarachnoid hemorrhage can be a useful tool in dating subarachnoid hemorrhage in cases where it is required.
A Study On The Pattern And Distribution of Skull Fractures In Fatal Road Traffic Accidents
Authors: Jayapal Parvathy , Manish Kembhavi  , Deepak Suntnoore  , Maqdoom Syed Syed Musab
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTA's) are a leading cause of mortality and a serious injury world wide, with skull fractures frequently emerging as a significant consequence of such incidents. The pattern and distribution of skull fractures can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of injury and the severity of accidents. Understanding these patterns is crucila for improving both preventive measures and clinical responses.
Materials and methods:This is aretrospective cross-sectional study of one year duration.All the cases of road traffic accident deaths with skull fractires were included in the study. A total of 342 cases of death due to fatal RTA were present and 140 cases had skull fractures.
Results: The commonest site of fracture was the vault, observed in 64.28% of the cases. In fractures involving single bone of vault, frontal bone fractures were seen in the highest number of cases, in 29 cases(32.22%). The  MCF was the most commonly involved area in the base of the skull fractures, observed in 7.14% of the cases.
Conclusion: A substantial amount of financial burden is produced on the family of   the deceased, on the health care system and as well as on the economic output of the country. Therefore, measures should be sought to reduce the RTA's as a number of positive and correct interventions can bring down their number.
DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-IMPEDANCE TWO-STAGE AMPLIFIER FOR AMPLIFIING SIGNALS WITH FREQUENCIES BELOW 10 KHz
Authors: Ван Тунг Чан , Тхи Фыонг Ха , Тхи Хьеу Ву
Published: December 2024

В данной статье предлагается разработка двухкаскадного высокоэффективного усилителя с высоким входным импедансом. Исследования показали, что два однокаскадных усилителя с низким коэффициентом усиления занимают меньше места по сравнению с однокаскадным усилителем с высоким коэффициентом усиления для усилителей с емкостной связью. Кроме того, разделение усилителя с высоким коэффициентом усиления на два каскада в данной структуре обеспечивает более высокий входной импеданс.

In this article, proposes the development of a two-stage high-efficiency amplifier with high input impedance. Research has shown that two single-stage low-gain amplifiers occupy less space compared to a single-stage high-gain amplifier for capacitively coupled amplifiers. In addition, dividing the high-gain amplifier into two stages in this structure provides a higher input impedance.
Economics of Adoption of Improved Oil Palm Production Technologies in South East, Nigeria
Authors: Nwodo Sylvanus Ike , Dike Onwubiko N.
Published: December 2024

This study was focused on the economics of adoption of adoption of recommended oil palm production technologies in south east, Nigeria. There is global paucity of research on the economics and adoptability of oil palm production technologies in developing countries with only few extension projects in Nigeria. The supply of oil palm products, which is a major staple food in Nigeria, has not matched up with the demand. It is expected that increase in adoption of oil palm production technologies will scale-up oil palm production and reduce poverty and increase food safety net in Nigeria. The importance of oil palm in National and World Food Economics underscores the need for the intensification of research efforts on the crop. The failure of the current palm oil output to meet domestic demand and leave a surplus for export in spite of the available technologies to boost production could be attributed to slow rate of the expansion and exploitation of the existing plantings. This is as a result of failure to accept and use available oil palm development and management technologies, the adoption of which would have brought about optimal yield increase. This study would provide current information that will help guide farmers in decision-making, agricultural extension practitioners, researchers and the government in formulating functional policies towards finding solution to sustainable agricultural development in Nigeria. Also, institutions and organizations such as the ADPs, NIFOR, Universities etc and students involved in oil palm research and improvement may find the work handy. The study was carried out using a proportional random sampling of oil palm farmers. Data were collected and analyzed descriptively using percentages, frequencies, tables, etc. The major findings of this study are that adoption of oil palm production technologies in the study areas is low but profitable; funds/capital are important in adoption of recommended oil palm production technologies, and that household size and cost of innovation are important variables that affect adoption. In view of this, encouragement of farmers with large household size to participate actively in adoption of oil palm production technologies, the provision of credit/input to farmers, are among the recommendations made.
Examination of External Debt’s Effect on Nigeria’s Economic Development
Authors: Oluwadare Bolanle Peace , Chukwuka John Onyenania , Olabanji Olawuni , Kukoyi Emmanuel
Published: December 2024

The research study titled, ‘The analysis of external debt on Nigerian economic growth’ assumes the analysis of the extent by which external debt has impeded Nigeria’s economic growth using parameters like Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Human development Index (HDI), and the Misery Index. In light of this theoretical framework, this research adopts an ex-post facto research design and secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria Annual Bulletin to analyse the impact of external debt on the developing economy. Indeed, based on first, unit roots tests, second, cointegration analysis, and third, descriptive statistical analysis the study intends to verify hypotheses related to the consequences of external debt on GDP, HDI and the Misery Index. The paper argues that while foreign debt may be useful in financing development initiatives, proper approaches to dealing with debt are necessary in order to have positive impacts on development.
Peer Teaching for Peer Learning and Sharing: A study on students’ attitudes towards implementing peer teaching and learning in the ESL classroom at the University of Technology and Applied Sciences
Authors: Shaikh Shaista
Published: December 2024

The study reports on a collaborative peer teaching experiment conducted with a small group of English language students in a writing class at the University of Technology and Applied Sciences in Oman to assess the effectiveness of peer teaching in enhancing student engagement and learning. The study involved surveying students' experience of teaching their peers and being taught by them in an academic writing class. The survey questionnaire comprised four sections, the first three of which employed a Likert scale where '1' indicated the most affirmative response, while the fourth section was for descriptive data. The findings indicated that students have a positive perception of peer teaching and peer learning, although it appeared that they were more enthusiastic about their role as a peer teacher than as a peer learner. Moreover, the positive response of students towards the potential of peer teaching in promoting autonomous learning satisfied a prime feature of sustainable learning in terms of creating ‘learning that lasts. (Graham, Berman & Bellert, 2015).
Exploring English Speaking Problems of Secondary School Students in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Md. Jahid , Miah Md. Jony , Hoque Mohammad Tozammel
Published: December 2024

This research paper attempts to find out the problems of speaking English among secondary level students. The students of secondary school, who have been studying English for 6 years, are encountering hundreds of problems and challenges to speak in English inside and outside of the classroom. The main purpose of the study was exploring the core reasons and gaps that are working against students’ speaking skills and practices. To collect the data the researchers used mixed method approaches (qualitative and quantitative) for the study. Semi structured questionnaires were used for students and teachers’ interviews and survey questionnaires were used for students to quantify the students’ speaking skills and problems. The selected institutes were Bangla medium secondary institutes in a rural area and the participants were Bengali native speakers. The findings of the study which stand in the way of speaking English are teachers’ negligence to teach speaking, teachers’ disability to teach speaking, subject unrelated teachers, classrooms are fully teacher-centered and materials are only reading and writing based.
Evaluando el impacto de los programas sociales en Panamá
Authors: Mc Kay Levy Leyda Maricela , Barrera Niño Ana Victoria , Skinner Hooker Onika Rosalyn
Published: December 2024

El análisis del impacto de los programas sociales en Panamá es un tema clave para comprender el alcance y efectividad de las políticas públicas dirigidas a mejorar la calidad de vida de la población más vulnerable. Estos programas, que abarcan áreas como la salud, educación, alimentación, vivienda y transferencias monetarias condicionadas, buscan reducir la pobreza, la desigualdad y fomentar el desarrollo social. Entre los más destacados se encuentran los programas de "Red de Oportunidades", "120 a los 65", y "Beca Universal", los cuales tienen como objetivo principal apoyar a las personas en situación de vulnerabilidad económica. Evaluar su impacto implica analizar tanto los beneficios a corto plazo, como el acceso mejorado a servicios básicos, como los efectos a largo plazo en el desarrollo humano y la movilidad social. Las metodologías empleadas para esta evaluación suelen incluir estudios cuantitativos y cualitativos, encuestas de impacto, y análisis estadísticos que permiten medir los avances en indicadores clave como la reducción de la pobreza extrema, el acceso a la educación y la salud, y la mejora en la equidad de género. Sin embargo, también es crucial considerar las limitaciones y desafíos de estos programas, como la sostenibilidad financiera, la cobertura efectiva y la burocracia que puede impedir que los beneficios lleguen a todos los destinatarios previstos. A su vez, el contexto económico y social de Panamá, junto con las condiciones políticas, influyen en la capacidad del gobierno para mantener y expandir estos programas de manera efectiva.
El Régimen RIMPE y su incidencia en la recaudación tributaria del impuesto a la renta en personas naturales no obligadas a llevar contabilidad del sector turístico de Guayaquil, periodo 2020 -2023
Authors: Reyes España Angélica Vanessa , Matute Petroche Jessica Silvana
Published: December 2024

La recaudación de impuestos es de gran importancia, ya que ayuda a financiar los recursos del estado para solventar las necesidades de los ciudadanos. La investigación analiza la incidencia del Régimen RIMPE en la recaudación del impuesto a la renta correspondiente de las personas naturales no obligadas a llevar contabilidad del sector turístico de la ciudad de Guayaquil, durante los periodos 2020 – 2023. El nuevo régimen se subdivide en dos; Régimen RIMPE Negocio Popular y Régimen RIMPE Emprendedor, surgió en el año 2021 e inicio a partir del 1 de enero 2022, reemplazando al Régimen Impositivo Simplificado (RISE) y al Régimen Impositivo Microempresas (RIM), por lo que gran parte de los sujetos pasivos estaban involucrados en este gran cambio. EL propósito del Régimen RIMPE es aumentar la recaudación de impuestos, por medio de los ingresos para el Estado y enfrentar la crisis económica que dejo la pandemia Covid-19, la cual afectó a muchos sectores económicos a nivel mundial, debido a las medidas de bioseguridad que establecieron muchos países para evitar el contagio y a paralización de la movilización, provocando disminuciones significativas en los ingresos de cada contribuyente ocasionando el cierre de varios establecimientos. Unos de los sectores más afectados fue el sector turístico, sin embargo, dentro de los resultados de la información se puede demostrar que pese a la afectación que dejo la pandemia la recaudación tributaria fue aumentando, se realiza un análisis de correlación de Pearson de las variables investigadas y un comparativo del Régimen RIMPE y los demás Regímenes durante el periodo investigado.
Laboratuvar koşullarında farklı popülasyon yoğunluklarında yetiştirilen Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Hem.: Anthocoridae) erginlerinin yumurta veriminin karşılaştırılması
Authors: Semiz Tuba , Ünlü Levent
Published: December 2024

Modern bitki koruma yöntemlerinden biri olan biyolojik mücadelede doğal düşmanların kitle üretimleri önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Predatör ve parazitoit türler laboratuvar ortamlarında çok sayıda üretilerek konukçusu olan zararlıların mücadelesinde kullanılabilmektedirler. Bu çalışma predatör böcek, Orius laevigatus’un kitle üretimine esas teşkil etmek üzere laboratuvarda aynı büyüklükteki (5 L) plastik kaplarda farklı yoğunluktaki ergin bireylerin bıraktıkları yumurta sayılarının karşılaştırılması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Sabit sıcaklıktaki (25±1°C) iklim odasında ve üç farklı ergin yoğunluğunda (500, 1000 ve 1500 adet) yürütülen çalışmada ergin besini olarak Ephestia kuehniella yumurtaları kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda ortalama yumurta sayıları en yüksek olarak 1000 adet bireyin bulunduğu kapta (günlük ortalama 1370.90 adet) gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak, ortalama yumurta sayısı bakımından 1500 adet bireyin bulunduğu kapla (1349.86 adet) aralarında istatistiki olarak önemli derecede fark bulunmamıştır. En düşük ergin yoğunluğu olan 500 adet bireyin bulunduğu kapta ise en az yumurta sayısı (468.01 adet) elde edilmiştir. Bu nedenle Orius laevigatus’un kitle üretiminde 5 L hacme sahip kaplarda 1000 adet birey yoğunluğu kullanılmasının daha uygun olduğu belirlenmiş olup bu yoğunluk düzeyinin bu konuda çalışacak araştırıcılara tavsiye edilebileceği değerlendirilmiştir.
Mardin ili ikinci ürün mısır ekim alanlarındaki önemli yaprakpiresi (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) türlerinin popülasyon gelişimi, yaygınlığı ve yoğunluğu
Authors: Koçhan Abdulkadir , Sertkaya Erdal , Mutlu Çetin
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma Mardin ili ikinci ürün mısırdaki yaprakpiresi türleri ile önemli türlerin popülasyon değişimlerinin izlenmesi amacıyla 2022-2023 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada ikinci ürün mısır alanlarında toplam 17 cicadellid türü belirlenmiş ve bunların Anaceratagallia ribauti (Ossiannilsson, 1938)), Agallia laevis (Ribaut, 1935), Aconurella prolixa (Lethierry,1885), Asymmetrasca decedens (Paoli, 1932), Austroagallia sinuata (Mulsant et Rey,1855), Balclutha punctata (Fabricius, 1977), Cicadulina bipunctella (Matsumura, 1908), Neoaliturus opacipennis (Lethierry, 1876), Doratura homophyla (Flor, 1871), Empoasca decipiens (Paoli, 1930), Mogangella straminea (Dlabola,1957), Euscelidus variegatus (Kirschbaum, 1858), Orosius orientalis (Matsumura, 1914), Paralimnus intricatus (Rey, 1981), Phlepsius intricatus (Hemich&Schaffer,1838), Psammotettix striatus (Linnaeus,1758) ve Zyginidia sohrab (Zachvatkin, 1947) olduğu kaydedilmiştir. En yaygın ve yoğun türün E. decipiens & A. decedens olduğu (2022 yılı %56, 2023 yılı %67) bu türleri Z. sohrab (2022 yılı %40, 2023 yılı %30) ve P. striatus’un takip ettiği belirlenmiştir. A.decedens & E. decipiens ile Z. sohrab’ın ikinci ürün mısırın fide döneminden itibaren görülmeye başladığı ve bitkilerin generatif dönem sonu ile olgunlaşma dönemi başında popülasyonlarının en üst seviyeye ulaştığı belirlenmiştir.
‘Alata’ çekirdeksiz limon çeşidinin doğal soğutmalı depoda muhafazasına uygulama ve paketlemelerin etkileri
Authors: Karaşahin Zafer , Özdemir Ahmet Erhan
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ‘Alata’ çekirdeksiz limon çeşidinin doğal soğutmalı depoda muhafazası ve raf ömrü özelliklerine dökme ve hutbak kağıtlara sarılı olarak fungusitli paketlemenin etkilerini belirlemektir. 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında yürütülen çalışmada, derimi yapılan limon meyveleri, uygulamalardan sonra Mersin ili Erdemli ilçesi Küçükfındık yaylasında bir üreticiye ait doğal soğutmalı depoda Aralık ayı başından Ağustos ayına kadar muhafazaya alınmıştır. Muhafazaya alınan limonların raf ömrünü belirlemek için 20 °C’de %70 oransal nemde meyveler 7 gün bekletilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, muhafaza süresince, ağırlık kayıpları, fungal nedenli bozulma, fizyolojik nedenli bozulma, meyve kabuk rengi L* değeri, usare miktarı, pH değeri, suda çözünür toplam kuru madde (SÇKM) ve C vitamini miktarında artış, görünüş, meyve kabuk rengi h° değeri, yeşil kapsüllü meyve oranı ve titre edilebilir asit (TA) miktarında ise azalma saptanmıştır. Raf ömrü süresince, ağırlık kaybı, usare miktarı, pH değeri, SÇKM ve C vitamini miktarında artış, görünüş, meyve kabuk rengi L* ve h° değerleri, yeşil kapsüllü meyve oranı ve TA miktarında ise azalma saptanmıştır. Raf ömrü süresince fungal ve fizyolojik nedenli bozulan meyveye rastlanmamıştır. ‘Alata’ çekirdeksiz limon çeşidi meyvelerinin doğal soğutmalı depolarda kalitelerini koruyarak 4‒5 ay süreyle başarılı olarak depolanabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Relationships between the number of nuts per cluster and fruit characteristics in the Foşa hazelnut cultivar
Authors: Bak Tuba , Güler Emrah , Karadeniz Turan
Published: December 2024

This research aimed to determine the effect of the number of nuts per cluster on the fruit characteristics of the Foşa hazelnut cultivar grown in the Arsin district of Trabzon province, Türkiye. Hazelnuts are divided into groups of 1 to 7 according to the number of nuts in cluster. Nut weight, nut length, nut width, nut depth, kernel weight, kernel length, kernel width, kernel depth, shell thickness, kernel ratio, husk length, husk width, and husk opening of the hazelnuts in each group were examined. Principal component analyses (PCA) was used to determine the relationship between the number of nuts in cluster and fruit characteristics. Nut weight, shell thickness, husk length, and husk width values were the highest values in single nut clusters. If the number of nuts in the cluster exceeds four, nut and kernel weights decrease. There was a negative relationship between the nut weight and nut length when the number of nuts in the cluster was above four. A strong relationship were observed in clusters 1, 2, 3, and 4, but a weaker relationship, was seen especially in clusters 5 and 7. A negative relationship was determined between the nut weight and nut length. This study clarified that increasing nut numbers shifts quality characteristics, particularly in a negative trend.
İklim adaleti çerçevesinde bazı ülkelerin karbon emisyonlarının karşılaştırmalı analizi
Authors: Semiz Gülüzar Duygu , Torun Elifnaz , Shahbazı Afshın , Yurtseven Engin
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, Kyoto Protokolünde kabul edilen sera gazı emisyon değerlerini (1990-2022) küresel ve seçilen bazı ülkeler için farklı ölçeklerde karşılaştırmalı analizi, iklim adaleti ve tarihsel sorumluluk çerçevesinde irdelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada ABD, Çin, Hindistan, Türkiye, Avustralya, Bahreyn, BAE ve AB karşılaştırılmıştır. Çin, yıllık sera gazı emisyonlarında en hızlı artışı gösteren ülke olmasının yanı sıra 1990-2022 döneminde toplamda 307.178 Gt CO2 eq ile en yüksek emisyon değerine sahip ülke konumundadır. Buna karşılık Bahreyn'in toplam emisyonu 1.6003 Gt CO2 eq’dir. Ancak kişi başına emisyon değeri açısından değerlendirildiğinde, 2022 yılında Çin için bu değer 10.9541 t CO2 eq/yıl iken Bahreyn için 39.2904 t CO2 eq/yıl olarak rapor edilmiştir. Gayrisafi yurt içi hasıla (GSYİH) açısından da iki ülke arasında önemli düzeyde farklılık bulunmaktadır. Çin için (2022 yılı) 0.6107 t CO2 eq/1000 USD/yıl iken aynı yıl Bahreyn için 0.9166 t CO2 eq/1000 USD/yıl olarak belirlenmiştir. Konu alınan ülkelerden Türkiye ve Avustralya karşılaştırıldığında sonuçlar oldukça ilginçtir, çünkü son yılarda yıllık toplam emisyon değerleri birbirine yakın olmasına rağmen Avustralya’nın tarihsel sorumluluğu Türkiye’ye oranla %37 daha fazladır. Bu önemli farklılıklar göstermektedir ki küresel iklim politikalarında yalnızca ülkelerin toplam emisyon değerleri değil aynı zamanda ülkelerin kişi başına düşen emisyon değeri, GSYİH’nın emisyon değerleri ve tarihsel sorumluluklar açısından değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.
Flood analysis using the HEC-RAS software for Antakya Altınçay Creek
Authors: İrvem Ahmet , Dağ İlker , Özbuldu Mustafa
Published: December 2024

Flood is one of the most important disasters in the world. Floods, common in our country, are the second disaster after the earthquake in terms of loss of life and property caused by natural disasters and the first among climatic disasters. The district of Antakya is located where streamflow has a high flow coefficient. Because of flooding in Altınçay Creek which flows through the center of Antakya into the Orontes River, flood studies need to be carried out and the necessary precautions taken to prevent flooding. In this study, peak discharges for 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100-year return periods of Altınçay Creek passing through residential areas in Antakya were determined by SCS and DSI synthetic methods. Using these estimated peak discharges the water profile along the Altınçay Creek route has been simulated using HEC-RAS software, and the flood risk areas were determined on cross-sections basis. As a result, flood risk was not observed in peak discharge for return periods of 2, 5 and 10 years. However, flood events were observed at 16, 51, and 73 different cross sections in peak discharges for return periods of 25, 50, and 100 years respectively. To reduce flood damage, it was suggested that the cross-sectional areas having flood risk must be increased.
Türkiye’nin tavuk eti ticaretinde uluslararası rekabet gücünün analizi
Authors: Binboğa Gül , Demirbaş Nevin
Published: December 2024

Tavuk etinin, artan nüfusun hayvansal protein gereksiniminin karşılanmasında kırmızı ete göre daha sağlıklı ve uygun fiyatlı olması, çevresel etkisinin ise daha düşük olması gibi özellikleri küresel talebini artırmaktadır. Türkiye, dünya standartlarındaki üretim yapısıyla tavuk eti üretiminde kendine yeterli ve ihracatçı konumdadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin tavuk etinde önemli ihracatçı ülkeler karşısındaki rekabet gücünün analiz edilmesidir. Çalışmanın kapsamını dünya tavuk eti üretimi ve ticaretiyle ilgili 2003-2022 yılları arasındaki 20 yıllık döneme ait veriler oluşturmaktadır. Türkiye’nin uluslararası tavuk eti ticaretinde rekabet gücünün belirlenmesinde “açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğü” ölçen Balassa ve Vollrath indeksleri ile birlikte ithalat sızma oranı, dış rekabete açıklık, ihracat/ithalat oranı, net ihracat oranı ve uzmanlaşma katsayısı’ndan faydalanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, Türkiye’nin tavuk eti ticaretinde uluslararası rekabet gücüne sahip olduğu ve son yıllarda rekabet gücünün arttığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, tavuk etinde önemli ihracatçı ülkeler olan Brezilya, Polonya ve ABD ile karşılaştırıldığında, Türkiye’nin rekabet avantajının daha düşük düzeyde olduğu da tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye’nin tavuk eti ihracatında sürdürülebilir bir rekabet gücü elde edebilmesi için, ülke ekonomisinin genel durumundan kaynaklı yapısal sorunlarla (yüksek enflasyon, sermaye yetersizliği, yüksek enerji maliyetleri gibi) birlikte pazar riski, yüksek yem maliyetleri, damızlık piliç geliştirme gibi teknik ve ekonomik sorunların da çözüme kavuşturulması gerektiği değerlendirilmektedir.