bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonstationary Stochastic Dynamics Underlie Spontaneous Transitions between Active and Inactive Behavioral States
Authors: Melanson Alexandre , Mejias Jorge F. , Jun James J. , Maler Leonard , Longtin André
Published: March 2017

The neural basis of spontaneous movement generation is a fascinating open question. Long-term monitoring of fish, swimming freely in a constant sensory environment, has revealed a sequence of behavioral states that alternate randomly and spontaneously between periods of activity and inactivity. We show that key dynamical features of this sequence are captured by a 1-D diffusion process evolving in a nonlinear double well energy landscape, in which a slow variable modulates the relative depth of the wells. This combination of stochasticity, nonlinearity, and nonstationary forcing correctly captures the vastly different timescales of fluctuations observed in the data (∼1 to ∼1000 s), and yields long-tailed residence time distributions (RTDs) also consistent with the data. In fact, our model provides a simple mechanism for the emergence of long-tailed distributions in spontaneous animal behavior. We interpret the stochastic variable of this dynamical model as a decision-like variable that, upon reaching a threshold, triggers the transition between states. Our main finding is thus the identification of a threshold crossing process as the mechanism governing spontaneous movement initiation and termination, and to infer the presence of underlying nonstationary agents. Another important outcome of our work is a dimensionality reduction scheme that allows similar segments of data to be grouped together. This is done by first extracting geometrical features in the dataset and then applying principal component analysis over the feature space. Our study is novel in its ability to model nonstationary behavioral data over a wide range of timescales.
Aging Effects of Caenorhabditis elegans Ryanodine Receptor Variants Corresponding to Human Myopathic Mutations
Authors: Baines Katie Nicoll , Ferreira Célia , Hopkins Philip M , Shaw Marie-Anne , Hope Ian A
Published: March 2017

Delaying the decline in skeletal muscle function will be critical to better maintenance of an active lifestyle in old age. The skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor, the major intracellular membrane channel through which calcium ions pass to elicit muscle contraction, is central to calcium ion balance and is hypothesized to be a significant factor for age-related decline in muscle function. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a key model system for the study of human aging, and strains were generated with modified C. elegans ryanodine receptors corresponding to human myopathic variants linked with malignant hyperthermia and related conditions. The altered response of these strains to pharmacological agents reflected results of human diagnostic tests for individuals with these pathogenic variants. Involvement of nerve cells in the C. elegans responses may relate to rare medical symptoms concerning the central nervous system that have been associated with ryanodine receptor variants. These single amino acid modifications in C. elegans also conferred a reduction in lifespan and an accelerated decline in muscle integrity with age, supporting the significance of ryanodine receptor function for human aging.
The NCA-1 and NCA-2 Ion Channels Function Downstream of Gq and Rho To Regulate Locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Topalidou Irini , Chen Pin-An , Cooper Kirsten , Watanabe Shigeki , Jorgensen Erik M , Ailion Michael
Published: March 2017

The heterotrimeric G protein Gq positively regulates neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. Previously, the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor Trio was identified as a direct effector of Gq that acts in parallel to the canonical Gq effector phospholipase C. Here, we examine how Trio and Rho act to stimulate neuronal activity downstream of Gq in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Through two forward genetic screens, we identify the cation channels NCA-1 and NCA-2, orthologs of mammalian NALCN, as downstream targets of the Gq-Rho pathway. By performing genetic epistasis analysis using dominant activating mutations and recessive loss-of-function mutations in the members of this pathway, we show that NCA-1 and NCA-2 act downstream of Gq in a linear pathway. Through cell-specific rescue experiments, we show that function of these channels in head acetylcholine neurons is sufficient for normal locomotion in C. elegans. Our results suggest that NCA-1 and NCA-2 are physiologically relevant targets of neuronal Gq-Rho signaling in C. elegans.
The importance of a multidisciplinary team in rectal cancer management
Authors: Bochis Ovidiu Vasile , Fekete Zsolt , Vlad Catalin , Fetica Bogdan , Leucuta Daniel Corneliu , Busuioc Constantin Ioan , Irimie Alexandru
Published: March 2017

Introduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the interval between surgery and adjuvant treatments regarding the overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients from a developing country. For stages II and III rectal cancer, international guidelines recommend neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) regardless of the tumor location. In the developing countries  there is a shortage of radiotherapy centers, specialists, which lead to long waiting lists for radiotherapy. These problems might lead to protocol deviations.Methods. We conducted a retrospective study on 161 patients with rectal cancer treated with surgery, postoperative CRT and with or without chemotherapy for a total of 6 months, at The Oncology Institute Cluj-Napoca between 2006- 2010. All patients had 5 years of follow-up.Results. A total of 161 patients were enrolled in this study. The majority of patients were locally advanced stages (89.44%). The well known prognostic factors, such as TNM stage, performance status, CEA serum level, perineural, vascular and lymphatic invasion, and node capsular effraction had a statistically significant influence on overall survival. In 21.12% of patients the first adjuvant treatment was started in the first 4 weeks after surgery. Only 13.04% of patients started the concomitant CRT within the limit of 6 weeks after surgery. Concerning the time between surgery and CRT, we did not observe a statistically significantly difference in OS if the radiotherapy started after the first 6 weeks (p=0.701). The OS rate for locally advanced rectal cancer patients was 69.44%.Conclusions. In rectal cancer, the importance of the first therapeutic act is crucial. Following international guidelines provides a survival advantage and a better quality of life. In case of adjuvant treatment, it is recommended to start this treatment as soon as the local infrastructure allows it.
Fatal Cerebral Edema With Status Epilepticus in Children With Dravet Syndrome: Report of 5 Cases
Authors: Myers Kenneth A. , McMahon Jacinta M. , Mandelstam Simone A. , Mackay Mark T. , Kalnins Renate M. , Leventer Richard J. , Scheffer Ingrid E.
Published: March 2017

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a well-recognized developmental and epileptic encephalopathy associated with SCN1A mutations and 15% mortality by 20 years. Although over half of cases succumb to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, the cause of death in the remainder is poorly defined. We describe the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic characteristics of a cohort of children with DS and SCN1A mutations who developed fatal cerebral edema causing mass effect after fever-associated status epilepticus. Cases were identified from a review of children with DS enrolled in the Epilepsy Genetics Research Program at The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, who died after fever-associated status epilepticus. Five children were identified, all of whom presented with fever-associated convulsive status epilepticus, developed severe brain swelling, and died. All had de novo SCN1A mutations. Fever of 40°C or greater was measured in all cases. Signs of brainstem dysfunction, indicating cerebral herniation, were first noted 3 to 5 days after initial presentation in 4 patients, though were apparent as early as 24 hours in 1 case. When MRI was performed early in a patient’s course, focal regions of cortical diffusion restriction were noted. Later MRI studies demonstrated diffuse cytotoxic edema, with severe cerebral herniation. Postmortem studies revealed diffuse brain edema and widespread neuronal damage. Laminar necrosis was seen in 1 case. Cerebral edema leading to fatal brain herniation is an important, previously unreported sequela of status epilepticus in children with DS. This potentially remediable complication may be a significant contributor to the early mortality of DS.
WASTE AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION IN CLOSED RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS – A REVIEW
Authors: Mongirdas Viktoras , Žibienė Gražina , Žibas Alvydas
Published: March 2017

Just like every economic activity, aquaculture has a particular effect on environment, which manifests itself due to waste through declining quality of subterranean water and eutrophication of surrounding surface water. Less than half of the feed in aquaculture is digested and assimilated, the rest ending up as waste either solid or dissolved and the nu-trients phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) that are derived from fish excretion, faeces, and uneaten feed. The advantage of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) is that their wastewater discharges are 10–100 times lower and pollutant concen-tration respectively 10–100 times higher and can reach the level of pollution of household waste. This makes the pollu-tion much easier to control. Additionally, striving to ensure and improve the stability and longevity of RAS, additional technological solutions, warranting the reduction of the amount of used water, waste concentration increase and their sec-ondary utilization as bio stock are added. This article presents the research information from the engineering perspective, summarizing RAS design sensitive data concerning aquacultural waste components excreted in RAS.
Similarities and differences in the book history of Central Europe in the early modern period: Aspects and examples
Authors: Monok István
Published: March 2017

Central Europe (Europe-Between, Zwischeneuropa) belonged to the sphere of German cultural influence. Western intellectual trends came also through German language areas either directly or indirectly by transmitting ideas (e.g.: the products of Renaissance intellectual trends or the ideas of the Enlightenment). At the same time the peoples of the region were also in direct connection with one another. In several cases the rulers of Hungary, Bohemia and Poland had been the members of the same dynasties but there were periods when personal union was the form of governance. The institutionally organised protection of the mother tongue, the establishment of national literature and science took place at different times and lasted from the beginning of the sixteenth century until the end of the nineteenth century, with the exception of the Czech language. This vision of cultural history is presented in this lecture by comparing the similarities and the differences in reading history of the region. The first examples are taken from the Protestant Reformation and its preceding Spiritual and Humanist movements. I will discuss the direct connections between Hungary and Livonia (through the two examples of the Hungarian translation and publication of Georg Ziegler’s book and the Hungarian students of the Papal Seminary of Riga) touching also upon the shared university studies of students from several nations of Europe-Between (in Bologna, Padova, Wittenberg, Heidelberg, Strasburg, etc.).
Development of quantitative HPTLC–densitometry methods following a model approach for transfer of TLC screening methods for pharmaceutical products of cefixime, cefuroxime axetil, cephalexin⋅H2O, ciprofloxacin HCl, levofloxacin, and metronidazole
Authors: Zhang D. , Armour E. , Sherma J.
Published: March 2017

Transfer of six thin-layer chromatography (TLC) Global Pharma Health Fund Minilab kit protocols for detecting fake or markedly substandard drugs in pharmaceutical products in the field to quantitative high-performance TLC (HPTLC)–densitometry methods was carried out using a model process published earlier. The developed and validated methods for tablets or capsules containing cefixime, cefuroxime axetil, cephalexin·H2O, ciprofloxacin HCl, levofloxacin, and metronidazole involved use of EMD Millipore Premium Purity silica gel 60 F254 plates, automated sample and standard solution application with a CAMAG Linomat 4, and automated densitometry with a CAMAG Scanner 3 for detection, identification, and quantification.
Numerical solution of the Richards equation based catchment runoff model with dd-adaptivity algorithm and Boussinesq equation estimator
Authors: Kuraz Michal , Holub Jiri , Jerabek Jakub
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a pseudo-deterministic catchment runoff model based on the Richards equation model - the governing equation for subsurface flow. The subsurface flow in a catchment is described here by two-dimensional variably saturated flow (unsaturated and saturated). The governing equation is the Richards equation with a slight modification of the time derivative term, as considered e.g. by Neuman. The nonlinear nature of this problem appears in the unsaturated zone only, so it was possible to make use of adaptive domain decomposition algorithm. However delineating of the saturated zone boundary is a nonlinear computationally expensive issue. The simple one-dimensional Boussinesq equation was used here as a rough estimator of the saturated zone boundary. With this estimate the adaptive domain decomposition could always start with an optimal subdomain split, and thus it is now possible to avoid solving huge systems of linear equations in the initial iteration level.

With this measure it is possible to construct an efficient two-dimensional pseudodeterministic catchment runoff model. Finally, the model is tested against real data originating from the Modrava 2 experimental catchment, Czech Republic.
Resource management simulation using multi-agent approach and semantic constraints
Authors: Kovács George , Yussupova Nafissa , Rizvanov Dmitry
Published: March 2017

The resource management in a dynamic environment is a really complex problem. If semantic constraints are taken into account the complexity increases significantly. The problem definition of resource management using semantic constraints in the subject domain is demonstrated by means of an example of manufacturing scheduling. The application of multiagent approach is suggested and examined to solve the resource management problem. Experiments simulate two types of calculations of the resource allocation problem in manufacturing scheduling: the multi-agent approach and the sequential calculations. The experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of multi-agent approach to solve the above defined problem.
PERTUMBUHAN SPONGE (Auletta sp.) SECARA TRANSPLANTASI DENGAN PANJANG BENIH BERBEDA
Authors: Pong-Masak Petrus Rani , Rachmansyah Rachmansyah
Published: March 2017

Beberapa kajian menunjukkan bahwa bioaktif sponge memiliki prospek pengembangan sebagai bakterisida, fungisida, serta kebutuhan farmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan sintasan sponge spesies Auletta sp. yang ditransplantasi dengan ukuran panjang benih berbeda.
Imaging of Renal Medullary Carcinoma
Authors: Greco Federico , Faiella Eliodoro , Santucci Domiziana , Augusto Mallio Carlo , Nezzo Marco , Quattrocchi Carlo Cosimo , Beomonte Zobel Bruno , Grasso Rosario Francesco
Published: March 2017

Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare, highly aggressive tumor recognized as an independent pathological entity. African-descent adolescents and young adults with sickle cell hemoglobinopathy are the most affected groups. This rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma has its own morphogenetic and pathological characteristics. The major clinical manifestations include gross hematuria, abdominal or flank pain, and weight loss. The prognosis is very poor, with 95% of cases diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. In this review, we summarize the morphologic and dynamic characteristics of RMC under various imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance. Differential diagnosis and management strategies are also discussed.
Maslinic Acid Inhibits Proliferation of Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines and Suppresses Angiogenesis of Endothelial Cells
Authors: Thakor Parth , Song Wenzhe , Subramanian Ramalingam B. , Thakkar Vasudev R. , Vesey David A. , Gobe Glenda C.
Published: March 2017

Despite the introduction of many novel therapeutics in clinical practice, metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a treatment-resistant cancer. As red and processed meat are considered risk factors for RCC, and a vegetable-rich diet is thought to reduce this risk, research into plant-based therapeutics may provide valuable complementary or alternative therapeutics for the management of RCC. Herein, we present the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects of maslinic acid, which occurs naturally in edible plants, particularly in olive fruits, and also in a variety of medicinal plants. Human RCC cell lines (ACHN, Caki-1, and SN12K1), endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cell line [HUVEC]), and primary cultures of kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) were treated with maslinic acid. Maslinic acid was relatively less toxic to PTEC when compared with RCC under similar experimental conditions. In RCC cell lines, maslinic acid induced a significant reduction in proliferation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and colony formation. In HUVEC, maslinic acid induced a significant reduction in capillary tube formation in vitro and vascular endothelial growth factor. This study provides a rationale for incorporating a maslinic acid–rich diet either to reduce the risk of developing kidney cancer or as an adjunct to existing antiangiogenic therapy to improve efficacy.
Vorkommen von Genotypen des porzinen Circovirus Typ 2 (PCV2) in Schweinebeständen mit unterschied lichen Impfstrategien gegen PCV2
Authors: Szikora Florian , Walhöfer Nils , Louis Carola Sauter , Reese Sven , Banholzer Elisabeth , Reiner Gerald , Sutter Gerd , Ritzmann Mathias , Fux Robert , Eddicks Matthias
Published: March 2017

Ziel: Seit den Jahren 2004/2005 zeigt sich beim porzinen Circovirus (PCV2) weltweit eine Veränderung der Nachweisrate vom Genotyp PCV2a zu PCV2b. Da alle kommerziell verfügbaren Impfstoffe auf dem Genotyp PCV2a basieren, hatte die Studie das Ziel, das Vorkommen von PCV2a und PCV2b in Beständen mit unterschiedlichen Impfstrategien gegen PCV2 zu evaluieren. Methoden: In die Studie gingen 405 Ferkel aus neun Beständen (jeweils drei Bestände mit Mutterschutzimpfung [SI], Ferkelimpfung fi bzw. ohne Impfung gegen PCV2 [NI]) ein. Der PCV2-Status der Tiere wurde vom 3. Lebenstag bis zur Schlachtung verfolgt. Das Serum wurde mittels PCR quantitativ auf PCV2-DNA untersucht, positive Proben anschließend in einer genotypdifferenzierenden Duplex-PCR analysiert und die PCV2-Isolate nach Sequenzierung des Gesamtgenoms phylogenetisch zugeordnet. Die Daten von 383 Tieren konnten ausgewertet werden. Ergebnisse: Der Nachweis von PCV2 gelang in acht Beständen (1x PCV2a; 6x PCV2b; 1x PCV2a und PCV2b). PCV2b ließ sich in FI-, SI-, und NI-Beständen, PCV2a nur in SI- und NI-Beständen nachweisen. 55,4% aller Ferkel erwiesen sich mindestens einmal im Untersuchungszeitraum PCV2-positiv (FI: 7,8%, SI: 65,4%, NI: 93,7%). Davon waren 4,7% PCV2a-, 92,2% PCV2b- und 2,4% für PCV2a sowie PCV2b positiv. Der mittlere PCV2-DNA-Gehalt lag bei PCV2b-positiven Tieren signifikant höher als bei PCV2a-positiven Tieren. Die Isolate konnten als PCV2b-1A (5/9 Beständen), PCV2b-1B (1/9 Beständen) und PCV2a-2D (2/9 Beständen) identifiziert werden. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die seit 2004/2005 beobachtete höhere Nachweisrate von PCV2b im Vergleich zu PCV2a wurde bestätigt. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass der Einsatz auf PCV2a basierender Vakzinen bei Ferkeln zu einer weiteren Verschiebung der Nachweisrate zugunsten von PCV2b führt. Um die klinische Relevanz dieser Beobachtung abschätzen zu können, sollten umfangreichere vergleichende Untersuchungen erfolgen, die die Effektivität von PCV2a-Impfstoffen in PCV2a- und PCV2b-positiven Beständen berücksichtigen.
Testing for Competitive Effects of Common Ownership
Authors: Gramlich Jacob , Grundl Serafin
Published: March 2017

We propose an alternative approach for analyzing the competitive effects of common ownership: to directly analyze the weights that firms place on each others' profits rather than using measures of industry concentration (MHHI and GHHI). Analyzing weights has at least three advantages: it places fewer restrictions on the nature of competition, it requires less data to test, and it circumvents endogeneity concerns with concentration measures. We apply our approach to data from the banking industry, and our preliminary results mixed and overall rather muted. The sign of the competitive effect is sensitive to specification, and the effects we estimate are economically quite small. Firms upon which significant weight is placed - either by themselves or competitors - move very little in price or quantity distributions.
Metadata Laws, Journalism and Resistance in Australia
Authors: Brevini Benedetta
Published: March 2017

The intelligence leaks from Edward Snowden in 2013 unveiled the sophistication and extent of data collection by the United States’ National Security Agency and major global digital firms prompting domestic and international debates about the balance between security and privacy, openness and enclosure, accountability and secrecy. It is difficult not to see a clear connection with the Snowden leaks in the sharp acceleration of new national security legislations in Australia, a long term member of the Five Eyes Alliance. In October 2015, the Australian federal government passed controversial laws that require telecommunications companies to retain the metadata of their customers for a period of two years. The new acts pose serious threats for the profession of journalism as they enable government agencies to easily identify and pursue journalists’ sources. Bulk data collections of this type of information deter future whistleblowers from approaching journalists, making the performance of the latter’s democratic role a challenge. After situating this debate within the scholarly literature at the intersection between surveillance studies and communication studies, this article discusses the political context in which journalists are operating and working in Australia; assesses how metadata laws have affected journalism practices and addresses the possibility for resistance.
Corporate Privacy Policy Changes during PRISM and the Rise of Surveillance Capitalism
Authors: Kumar Priya
Published: March 2017

Disclosure of the NSA’s PRISM program demonstrated that Internet companies have become prime targets of government surveillance. But what role do companies themselves play in putting users’ privacy at risk? By comparing the changes in the privacy policies of ten companies—the nine in PRISM plus Twitter—I seek to understand how users’ privacy shifted. Specifically, I study how company practices surrounding the life cycle of user information (e.g. collection, use, sharing, and retention) shifted between the times when companies joined PRISM and when PRISM news broke. A qualitative analysis of the changes in the privacy policies suggests that company disclosure of tracking for advertising purposes increased. I draw on business scholar Shoshana Zuboff’s conceptualization of “surveillance capitalism” and legal scholar Joel Reidenberg’s “transparent citizen” to explain the implications such changes hold for users’ privacy. These findings underscore why public debates about post-Snowden privacy rights cannot ignore the role that companies play in legitimizing surveillance activities under the auspices of creating market value.
Migrating Servers, Elusive Users: Reconfigurations of the Russian Internet in the Post-Snowden Era
Authors: Ermoshina Ksenia , Musiani Francesca
Published: March 2017

In response to the growing censorship of their national Internet, Russian users, content producers and service providers have developed several resistance tactics. This paper analyzes these tactics with particular attention paid to their materiality. It first addresses the different levels of Internet “governance by infrastructure” in Russia, then focuses on the different tactics of individual and collective resistance and concludes by discussing how forms of control enacted at different levels of infrastructure are reconfiguring the geopolitics of the Russian Internet.
Post-Snowden Internet Policy: Between Public Outrage, Resistance and Policy Change
Authors: Pohle Julia , Audenhove Leo Van
Published: March 2017

This editors’ introduction provides a short summary of the Snowden revelations and the paradoxical political and public responses to them. It further provides an overview of the current academic debate triggered by the Snowden case and the documents leaked by him and introduces the articles featured in this issue on post-Snowden Internet policy.
Brexit and Devolution in the United Kingdom
Authors: Keating Michael
Published: March 2017

Devolution in the United Kingdom is deeply connected to United Kingdom membership of the European Union, which provides an external support system for the internal settlement. Exit from the European Union destabilizes the internal settlement and raises a series of major constitutional issues.
The evolution of the Italian novel (based on the works of Clorinda Di Fini), part 1
Authors: Katorova A.A. , Boronenkova Y.S.
Published: March 2017

The article deals with the evolution of the Italian novel in different literary and historical periods, starting with the epic poem of Antiquity up to the historical novel (“The Betrothed” by Alessandro Manzoni) and the social novel (“The House by the Medlar-Tree” and “Mastro-don Gesualdo” by Giovanni Verga). Based on the works of Italian philologist Clorinda Di Fini, the article shows how the focus of narrative shifts from the fate of the upper classes to the lives of ordinary people in a larger historical context, as well as the author's position in the novel moves towards impersonality and objective reflection on social problems
Used construction with contrastive-negative value in the stories AP Chekhov
Authors: Cherutova A.
Published: March 2017

The article discusses the use of structures, protivopo-representative-negative value in the stories AP Chekhov. Before the author had the task to describe the structural features of these constructions, to pay attention to semantic and pragmatic aspect. Particular attention is drawn to the opposition as a special artistic technique that the writer uses in his works. Details are described cases of strengthening structures with contrastive-negative value in the stories AP Chekhov. The analysis of catalogs compiled by the author (more than 100 examples), Cherutova AV by empirical (observation, description) and theoretical (induction, deduction) forms the philological analysis of a work comes to the conclusion that the syntax, intended to express the negative- contrastive values in the stories AP Chekhov, acquire different semantics, helping create a certain artistic images. By combining contrasting with other techniques enhanced the impression of reading. To give an ex-haustive description of structures with contrastive-negative value is only possible in the case of the consideration of their semantic and syntactic features inseparably linked.
About the Academic Mobility Programm: a Visit to La Sapienca University of Rome
Authors: Nikanorova O.N.
Published: March 2017

The article gives some general information about La Sapienza university of Rome. The author presents her readers main dates, facts and figures, connected with one of the oldest university in Italy, and shares her own experience of visiting the university of Rome in order to help students, who are going to take part in academic mobility program, introducing La Sapienza internship possibilities.
Две роли человека в «спектакле культуры»
Authors: Флиер Андрей Яковлевич
Published: March 2017

В статье интерпретируется сложная система соотношений культуры и идеологии, публичные и приватные варианты актуальной идеологии, культуры, идентичности человека, фрагментированное состояние его сознания. Особо анализируются две роли, исполняемые индивидом ситуативно в процессе социокультурных взаимодействий с окружением – «человека публичного» и «человека приватного». При этом культура личности трактуется как высоко театрализованная программа поведения, преследующая цели поддержания конструктивных отношений с властью и непосредственным социальным окружением.

Рассматриваются культурные установки человека как имманентные формы внутренней нравственной идеологии личности, культура общества как спектакль социальных взаимодействий членов этого общества, а также роль культуры и идеологии в историческом процессе эволюции, в числе иных «локомотивов истории», определяющих динамику изменчивости социального устроения сообществ.

Основная идея статьи заключается в том, что культура общества может толковаться как форма господствующей идеологии (если понимать последнюю не только в политическом ключе), но индивид в разных социальных ситуациях выступает с разными идеологическими императивами, которые, как правило, определяются его ролями «человека публичного» и «человека приватного», с чем связан и феномен множественной идентичности современного человека, и иные фрагментированные проявления его сознания.
Как посол США Мэтлок управлял «перестройкой»
Authors: Ильинский Игорь Михайлович
Published: March 2017

Статья представляет собой авторские размышления по поводу книги посла США в СССР (1987–1991) Дж. Мэтлока «Смерть империи. Взгляд американского посла на распад Советского Союза». Работа была издана в США в1995 г., переведена и издана в России в2003 г.

Автор считает, что мнение американского дипломата о «перестройке» имеет огромное значение для одурманивания умов читателей. Дж. Мэтлок полагал, что «перестройка» — это уникальный исторический шанс осуществить вековую мечту США — уничтожить СССР и идею коммунизма. При этом он был убежден, что государство должно было «рухнуть само собой», потому что «система была изначально порочна».

Однако посол прекрасно знал, что Система рухнула не сама собой, что в ее разрушении «выдающуюся» роль сыграли США и в определенной мере сам Мэтлок. И упоминания об этом можно найти в книге. Автор статьи подробно разбирает текст издания и приводит цитаты, сопровождая их своими комментариями и выдержками из воспоминаний других участников событий.
Восточноазиатская интеграция в сфере международного туризма
Authors: Балакин Вячеслав Иванович
Published: March 2017

Международный туризм как форма региональной интеграции занимает специфическое место в многочисленных исследовательских проектах, анализирующих сложные процессы современного общественного развития. Это в полной мере относится к Восточноазиатскому региону, где диалектика взаимоотношений местных государств имеет весьма сложное историческое наследие. Специалисты рассматривают международный туризм в Восточной Азии в качестве весьма серьезного интегрирующего фактора, способствующего эффективному преодолению застарелых региональных противоречий. В статье предпринята попытка показать реальное состояние и перспективы развития восточноазиатского интеграционного пространства, в том числе в сфере международного туризма.

Восточноазиатский рынок туристических услуг является одним из самых конкурентных в мире. Его отличительной особенностью выступает то, что он задает тренды, которые затем проявляются уже на глобальном уровне. Практически все государства Восточной Азии преимущественно делают ставку на внутренний и въездной виды туризма, развивая таким образом национальную инфраструктуру и заметно пополняя местные бюджеты. Внутренний туризм базируется на посещении исторических мест, памятников древней культуры, на паломнических миссиях, связанных с религиозными традициями, тогда как въездной туризм иностранцев ориентирован прежде всего на получение недорогих высококвалифицированных медицинских услуг в рамках программ проведения комплексной диагностики и лечения сложных заболеваний.

В КНР весьма рассчитывают через объединение региональных суверенных государств создать общую туриндустрию, которая бы способствовала внедрению в сознание широких народных масс идеи единой конфуцианской цивилизации. В последнее время китайские власти на всех уровнях стали пропагандировать так называемую интернационализацию, понимая ее исключительно как восточноазиатский региональный проект и противопоставляя его западной концепции глобализма.

Восточноазиатский туризм отображает природное и культурное многообразие стран региона, их экономические достижения, стремление сохранить тысячелетнее наследие. Именно туризм стал в регионе важным каналом ознакомления с достижениями человеческого духа, уважения человеческих достоинств и индивидуальности, признания самобытности культур и моральных ценностей восточноазиатских наций. Восточноазиатский туризм стимулирует образование и научную деятельность, что позволяет философски осмыслить сущность регионального культурного наследия и перспективы его дальнейшего развития.   
Академическая терминология британского и американского вариантов английского языка
Authors: Фазлыева Зульфия Ханифовна , Самаркина Надежда Олеговна
Published: March 2017

Статья посвящена сопоставительному рассмотрению академической, т. е. относящейся к области высшего образования, терминологии в двух наиболее распространенных вариантах английского языка — британском и американском. Для ученого сообщества, в том числе России, многие термины представляют трудности для понимания и перевода из-за различий в их определении и некоторых особенностей системы образования в рассматриваемых странах.

Основной причиной существования таких несоответствий можно считать обособленное развитие американского варианта в течение длительного исторического периода. Не всегда можно найти прямые аналогии тому или иному термину, однако отправной точкой исследования можно считать некий общий стандарт академических понятий. Словари не дают полной картины терминологических различий, поэтому к исследованию были привлечены материалы корпусов англоязычных текстов, а также научная информация с англоязычных университетских сайтов. Это дало возможность наблюдать поведение языковых единиц в естественной и синхронной и действительно существующей языковой среде.

Материал исследования скомпонован в виде таблиц, наглядно демонстрирующих терминологию британского или американского вариантов английского языка в области высшей школы. Проведенный анализ семантики терминологических единиц позволил выделить лексико-семантические аналогии и лексико-семантические дивергенты в терминологии изучаемых национальных вариантов.

Несмотря на особенности развития двух рассматриваемых вариантов английского языка, их общеязыковой фундамент не позволяет достичь ярко выраженной вариативности терминологических единиц.
Культура как фактор Великой Победы
Authors: Корнеева Юлия Васильевна
Published: March 2017

Рецензия на монографию: Жукова О.Г. Культурная жизнь СССР как феномен повседневности Великой Отечественной войны 1941–1945 гг. М. : Изд-во Моск. гуманит. ун-та, 2016. 228 с.
Женщина в науке и философии: доминирующие мифы и действительность
Authors: Костина Анна Владимировна
Published: March 2017

В данной статье автор выделяет несколько стереотипов, которые образуют систему мифов о женщинах — ученых и философах в обществе, анализирует их и доказывает их несостоятельность.

Миф № 1 «Главное предназначение женщины — совмещать функции жены и матери, при этом совмещение занятий наукой или философией с выполнением этих главных функций для нее невозможно». Среди докторов наук, и тем более академиков женщин, действительно, не так много. Но факт малого присутствия женщин в науке доказывает как раз то, что они стремятся к рождению и воспитанию детей и отказываются от научной карьеры в пользу реализации своих природных функций. Здесь необходимо также учитывать условия развития науки в разных странах.

Миф № 2 «Женщина — ученый или философ должна обладать сильным характером, но все женщины слишком эмоциональны». Эмоциональность и даже слезы присущи в равной степени и женщинам, и мужчинам, и стереотип об излишней эмоциональности женщин является мифом. Характерно, что мужчины за излишнюю эмоциональность не подвергаются обструкции так же, как женщины, напротив, встречают всяческую поддержку.

Миф № 3 «Женщина не может быть гением. В науке и философии практически нет открытий, сделанных женщинами». Миф определяется и сегодня позицией мужской апологетики. Добиться тех же результатов, которых добиваются мужчины в науке и философии, женщине гораздо труднее — ей необходимо не только подтверждать свою научную компетентность, но и сохранять свое право на само научное высказывание, на включенность в научный и философский дискурс.

Приводится целый ряд открытий, сделанных в мировой науке женщинами, дан список имен известных ученых-женщин. Отмечается, что недооценка вклада женщин в науку является мировым трендом. Более того, специальные исследования показывают, что масса открытий, сделанных женщинами, были или недооценены их коллегами-мужчинами или были подтверждены исследованиями и представлены как собственные.

В науке России половину кадрового состава в химии, биологии, географии, медицине, сельском хозяйстве, архитектуре, фармакологии, гуманитарных науках (кроме истории) составляют женщины. Совмещение чисто женских функций — например, функции материнства, и научной деятельности дается весьма сложно. Однако женщины — ученые и философы продолжают эффективно заниматься научными исследованиями.
Характеристика позиций взаимодействия как форм выражения ценностей принуждения или ненасилия
Authors: Маралов Владимир Георгиевич , Ситаров Вячеслав Алексеевич
Published: March 2017

Статья посвящена проблеме соотнесения ценностей принуждения или ненасилия с позициями взаимодействия. Актуальность ее обусловлена значимостью выявления механизмов влияния ценностных ориентаций на поведение человека, его отношения с другими людьми, что дает возможность создавать психолого-педагогические условия для формирования ценностных ориентаций и гуманистической направленности личности.

Дается характеристика насилия и ненасилия как общечеловеческих ценностей. Выдвигается предположение о том, что в качестве логического основания для выделения позиций взаимодействия могут выступать, с одной стороны, принятие или непринятие ценностей принуждения или ненасилия, с другой — уровень активности или пассивности субъекта взаимодействия. В результате теоретического анализа выделяются и описываются четыре позиции. Позиция принуждения имеет варианты: эгоистический, эгоцентрический и псевдоальтруистический. Манипулятивная позиция в прямой и косвенной форме и как ее вариант — «ханжеская» позиция» (позиция двуличия). Также рассматриваются позиция ненасилия и позиция смирения с ее вариантами — альтруистической позицией и позицией невмешательства.

Дается характеристика структурных компонентов каждой позиции: мотивационно-ценностного, когнитивного, эмоционального и поведенческого. Осуществлен анализ различных точек зрения на проблему оправданности применения принуждения или ненасилия. Приводятся аргументы в пользу целесообразности позиции ненасилия как формы взаимодействия. Ее преимущества состоят в гибкости поведения, проявляющегося в выборе таких средств взаимодействия, которые несут в себе наименьший заряд принуждения.

Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в процессе практической деятельности по формированию гуманистической направленности личности.
Garcilaso y Fray Luis de León: coincidencias temáticas y contraste de actitudes
Authors: Lapesa Rafael
Published: March 2017

Sin abstract
Oil prices and the US effective exchange rate: A hidden cointegration analysis
Authors: Rafailidis Panagiotis , Katrakilidis Constantinos
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe investigate the long-run relationship between the US Dollar effective exchange and the oil prices (wti) over the period from January 1986 to August 2014. We allow for the relationship to be nonlinear by employing the hidden cointegration technique of Granger and Yoon (2002) and Schorderet (2004). The Quandt – Andrews approach allows accounting for structural breaks. The results reveal a long-run relationship between the two markets.
T-Tests: The BMI Study Continues
Authors: Wesley David
Published: March 2017

Medical directors may be asked to analyze their company's experienced laboratory results. This practical research note explores the use of the statistical programming language R for analysis. Use of the two different t-tests available in R (unpaired and paired) is explained.
A Perplexing ECG
Authors: MacKenzie Ross
Published: March 2017

An unusual appearing electrocardiogram (ECG) is sent to the medical director's department for interpretation prior to receiving the actual life insurance application. As a result, no background details are available to provide a clinical context. Preliminary perusal of the ECG suggests several diagnostic possibilities.
Measuring the Impact of Social Justice Teaching: Research Design and Oversight
Authors: Bliss Lisa , Caley Sylvia , Wolf Leslie
Published: March 2017

Research and the production of scholarship is a fundamental part of being a legal academic. Such endeavors identify issues and answer questions that further understanding of the law, the profession, and the justice system itself. Research and scholarship in the legal academy traditionally meant the study of law and legal theory. A growing body of legal academics are focusing research and scholarship on legal education itself, as well as research that measures the impact of legal education on the development of students’ practical and professional skills.  The impact of clinical legal education is an important aspect of this scholarship.[1] This article explores how thoughtfully designed research projects can measure the impact of social justice teaching, using examples and experience gleaned from the evaluation and research component of a medical legal partnership[2] and its affiliated law school clinic. The article examines principles of good research design, the art of formulating research questions, and the potential uses for resulting data. It also identifies critical steps and issues to consider when developing a research project.
Dizeres polifônicos: ranhuras e enunciações da cidade
Authors: Leite Marcelo Eduardo
Published: March 2017

Este ensaio foi realizado em diversos países da América Latina, nos quais buscamos compreender aspectos da vida local por meio da documentação de expressões dispostas sobre várias superfícies. São rabiscos, pichações ou perfurações postas sobre muros, paredes e portas e que manifestam vontades, lembranças e posicionamentos sobre diferentes questões. Mostram-se como interferências que apresentam resmungos gráficos de uma sociedade que se espalha clandestinamente pelas superfícies.
Na mídia e na política: o comunicador-político no Brasil
Authors: De Oliveira Pedro Pinto
Published: March 2017

Pesquisa de orientação pragmatista,analisamos um tipo de personalidadepública da política e da mídia do Brasil eminteração com o público: o comunicadorpolítico– categoria que definimoscomo a figura que atua na TV ou noRádio simultaneamente ao exercício doseu mandato eletivo. O comunicadorpolíticoocorre em todos os estadosbrasileiros. Destacamos, entre os achadosda pesquisa, um discurso que acionapreconceitos homofóbicos e a mistura dopolítico e o religioso
Os mortos e seus representantes
Authors: Nathan Tobie
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo trata dos mortos e não damorte. Propõe-se a falar da vida dos seres emoutro mundo e de suas relações conosco,os vivos. Em tal discussão, a vida dos mortostorna-se, portanto, um desafio crucial; eladecide do eixo segundo o qual uma sociedadeirá organizar suas prioridades. Chegaremosa um problema fundamental: a existência domorto pressupõe a de seu representante. Naausência do representante autorizado, os queficam improvisam rituais feitos da colagemde vagas lembranças vindas de um passadoremoto e de pensamentos psicológicosdifusos na vida social
Mediações e imediações do sagrado no corpo: Hermes, Jesus, Exu
Authors: Fagundes Igor
Published: March 2017

Ao pensar de modo originário o divino e ocorpo em Jesus, Hermes e Exu, o artigo põeem diálogo a tradição filosófica ocidentalcom os mitos africanos. De acordo comMartin Heidegger, ao reduzir o Ser a um entefundamental, o Ocidente perdeu o Nada naexperiência do sagrado e do humano. Olorum(o Ser de todos os orixás) acabou não pensadopelas religiões afro-brasileiras como o vaziocriativo de todas as incorporações, porqueocidentalizado como fundamento metafísico.
O que revela a Prova Brasil sobre situações de conflitos em escolas públicas? Cenários delineados pela visão de docentes
Authors: Martins Angela Maria , Machado Cristiane , Bravo Maria Helena
Published: March 2017

Este artigo tem como propósito cotejar o desempenho dos alunos na Prova Brasil com as respostas dos professores relativas à indisciplina e violência de escolas estaduais do município de Guarulhos registradas nos questionários contextuais da mesma prova. Para este estudo, foram sistematizados os dados de 10 escolas que obtiveram alta pontuação no Ideb em 2007 e mantiveram este crescimento em 2011; da mesma forma, foram sistematizados os dados de 10 escolas que obtiveram baixa pontuação no Ideb em 2007 e mantiveram esta tendência em 2011. Os dados foram cotejados com a sistematização das 29 questões sobre violência contidas na Prova Brasil, com vistas a identificar possíveis aproximações entre resultados de desempenho e situações de conflito e violência nas escolas. Conclui-se que há indícios de aproximações entre escolas com baixo desempenho no Ideb e o aumento de casos de conflitos escolares, porém, cabe destacar que os registros dessas situações aparecem em maior volume em 2011, do que em 2007. Os dados analisados permitem afirmar ainda que há uma tendência de ampliação de níveis de intolerância recíproca entre alunos, professores e direção no espaço escolar, corroborando resultados de outros estudos que se dedicam a examinar o tema.
La evaluación en la educación superior: el profesor novel y sus dificultades
Authors: Fernández Antón Estefanía
Published: March 2017

Haciendo alusión a la evaluación formativa, comentamos las dificultades a las que hizo frente una profesora novel en el proceso de evaluación del alumnado universitario de segundo de Grado de Educación Primaria. Estas dificultades están narradas en forma de experiencia, y ésta tuvo lugar en una universidad de España, más específicamente, en una asignatura relacionada con los procedimientos metodológicos de investigación cualitativos y cuantitativos. Para recoger las dificultades del profesor novel, empleamos el diario de investigación durante un período de cuatro meses (febrero del año 2014 a junio del año 2014). Las dificultades que encontramos están relacionadas con la evaluación a lo largo del proceso, con los ítems de evaluación y con el examen.