bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alkyl Dibenzothiophenes Tracing the Crude Oil Filling Pathway in the Fuyang Oil Layer of Wangfu Sag, Songliao Basin
Authors: Jiang Xing Chao
Published: June 2012

Based on the thermodynamic stability and hydrogen bond mechanisms, alkyl dibenzothiophene molecular ratios, 4-/1-MDBT, and 4,6-/1,4-DMDBT, are used to characterize organic maturity and oil migration, which can act as molecular tracers for the filling orientation and pathway in oil reservoir. The results show that the well Shuang32 is the filling point which is close to the source kitchen. Three advantaged oil migration and filling pathways have been discovered, the first one is that oil is charged from well Shuang32 to well Shuang26- well Shuang301- well Shuang31 in northeast orientation, the second one is that oil is charged from well Shuang32 to well Shuang34- well Shuang36 in southwest orientation, the third one is that oil is charged from well Shuang 32 to well Chang502- well Shuang 23 in west-northwest orientation.
Pour Point Depressant(PPD) and Flow Improver Additives (FIA) of Crude Oil and its Study Method Progress
Authors: Zhang Hong , Xiao Wen Fa
Published: June 2012

The situation of low temperature crude oil pipeline carrying is universal. The rapid developing of pipe line supposes higher asking on new carrying technology. The problem of long distance carrying at normal temperature of high waxy crude oil is impel to resolve and its potential social economic profit is obvious. As the pipeline is designed at high production period of field so there must have low carrying situation at beginning and ending time. At the situation the high waxy crude oil and high pour point crude oil will face on great resistance and blockage problem. Further more the pipeline has to make great energy expense on high temperature carrying. So take new carrying technology to realize atmosphere temperature carrying is crucial of resolving low temperature carrying. The method of adding chemical pour point depressant(PPD)/flow improver additives (FIA) into crude oil directly was widely used at present. The progress of the additives and its study methods was summarized in the paper and supply some reference for the technology of PPD/FIA.
Regional Seal as Key Controlled Elements of Petroleum Accumulation in the Rift Basin
Authors: Hu Hai Yan , Zhao Zhe , Lu Song , Xiao Hang Zhou
Published: June 2012

Rift basin is an important petroleum basin type, in which about one third of oil and gas was discovered. To research on the main controlled elements of oil and gas accumulation, five typical rift basins in Europe are focused on the geological condition such as source rock, reservoir, seal, petroleum system, and accumulation with logging, hole, measured and analytical methods, and so on. The results showed the main regional seal controlled the petroleum distribution in the rift basin. Seals are defined by main regional seal, minor regional seas and local region according to thickness, distribution, lithostratigraphy. Viking Graben of North Sea has main regional seal about 3000m thick during late Jurassic and Cretaceous, about 81 percent of petroleum is in the Jurassic reservoir; Anglo-Dutch basin has main region thick seal during Triassic through Jurassic, and Permian reservoir accounted for 73 percent of basin reserves; Voring Basin has the main regional seal during Cretaceous through early Tertiary, the Jurassic reservoir has 85 percent of whole basin reserves; Northeast and Northwest Germany Basins have the evaporites as main regional seals during late Permian, and Permian reservoir accounted for more than 80 percent of basin reservoir, respectively. Rift Basin can develop reservoir like turbidite, source rock, seal in the basin dynamic opinion. Some main regional seals may develop overpressre because of quick subside and hydrocarbon generation at some conditions, it can strengthen seal capability. Oil and gas can migration to the main regional seal by normal faults caused by rifting, which can stop further migration so that they were accumulated under the main regional seal.
Study on Methanol Synthesis with the Analog Components of Bluecoke Furnace Gas by Rich Oxygen Carbonization
Authors: Zhou Jun , Wu Lei , Luo Wan Jiang , Lan Xin Zhe , Zhao Xi Cheng , Zhang Qiu Li
Published: June 2012

According to the components of bluecoke furnace gas by rich oxygen carbonization, the methane conversion and methanol synthesis processes with simulation mix gas were separately researched using the self-made catalysts. The results show that the conversion rate of methane could achieve about 95% under the conditions of temperature of 800°C, space velocity of 9000h-1 and the ratio of water to hydrocarbon of about 3.0 with self-made Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. For synthesis of methanol with self-made CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst in fixed reactor from the reformed gas, the space time yield and selectivity of coarse methanol respectively reached 1.5451g•g-1•h-1 and 99.6143% under the conditions of temperature of 240°C, pressure of 5.5MPa and space velocity of 12000h-1.
Comprehensive Utilization of Sulfuric Acid Residue with High Content of Copper by Pellet Production-Drying-Chloridizing Roasting
Authors: Bai Shao Jun , Wen Shu Ming , Deng Jiu Shuai , Liu Dan , Chen Yu
Published: June 2012

A new technology of pellet production-drying-chloridizing roasting is proposed for comprehensive utilization of sulfuric acid residue with high content of copper, a common by-product in vitriol industry. The sulfuric acid residue, containing 60.27% Fe, and 1.61% Cu, was pelletized with addition of 5% bentonite in pan pelletizer. Green balls after drying with 2.3% of water retention were roasting at 1100 °C for 30 min with 5 wt % of CaCl2addition in tube furnace. The results demonstrate that pellets with 60.58% of TFe, a copper volatite ratio of 97.8% were obtained with simultaneous decrease in the copper content down to 0.035%. Key technique is that CaCl2reacts with copper compounds and the chloride can be volatilized at moderate temperatures. This new technology can be used to fully utilize sulfuric acid residue and produce qualified concentrate as iron-bearing feed for steel industry, which will help to solve the pollution of sulfuric acid residue and extend raw material sourcing for Chinese steel industry.
Study on Individual Growth Models of Pinus Koraiensis
Authors: Liu Xu , Yu Hai Ye , Zhang Lei
Published: June 2012

Before correct forest management decision is made, it’s a core issue that gripping the forest stand structure and dynamic variation regularity, estimating the production capacity of stands and effects after adopting particular silvicultural technical measures in different site conditions. A variety of stand growth and yield prediction models are precisely to solve these problems to provide effective guidance. In this dissertation, through sampling and researching Meihekou forest stumpage data, the individual growth models of Pinus koraiensis were established, including the crown width growth prediction model and the crown length growth prediction model. These models can reflect the growth of individual growth state, but also the performance of the various factors affecting the growth, and provide a scientific basis for reasonable forest management.
The Effect of Different Harvest Date on the Quality and Yield of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni
Authors: Li Guo Qing , Liu Xiang Yang , Shi Yan
Published: June 2012

The effect of different harvest date on the quality and yield of stevia has been studied in the open field. The results showed that if the stevia was harvested at 65-85 days after transplanted, not only the yield was lower, but also the total content of glycosides of stevia and the content of Rebaudioside A (RA) and Stevoiside (STV) were lower. And the stevia harvested at 105 days after transplanted had similar results to that harvested at 65-85 days after transplanted. The results from the analysis to all the records of this experiment were that stevia could get the best quality and yield if they were harvested at 95 days after transplanted.
The Dynamics of the Litter and Soil Organic Matter in Four Densities of Hybrid Larch Plantations
Authors: Wang Shu Li , Li Xue Mei , Yuan Wei Bin
Published: June 2012

The dynamics of the litter and soil organic matter content of four densities (A: 2500/hm2，B:3300/hm2，C:4400/hm2，D:6600/hm2) of hybrid Larch plantations were studied in Jiangshanjiao forest farm of Heilongjiang province of China. (1) The annual litter stock under the hybrid Larch plantation was 4634.6 ~ 5453.4 kg/hm2, and the decreased order of the annual litter stock was under density of 4400, 3300 2500and 6600 trees per hectare. The decrease order of the litter stock no matter undecomposition and decomposition litter was under density of 3300, 4400, 2500 and 6600 trees per hectare, and the rate of the undecomposition litter stock to total litter stock was bigger than 50 %. (2) The seasonal dynamic of the soil organic matter under different densities of plantations basically had the same principle. In 0~10 cm soil layer, the soil organic matter was higher in June and August, was lower in May and July, and was flat or increased slightly in September, but was decreased in September under the plantations with density 4400 and 3300 trees per hectare. The soil organic matter in 10~20 cm and 20~40 cm layer had the same change principle, but the change range was flat and smooth. For the same density of plantation, the difference of the organic matter in the same soil layer between the different months was significantly (P < 0.05). (3) The difference of the soil organic matter content in the same soil layer under different densities of hybrid Larch plantation was significantly, and the decreased order of the soil organic matter in average was under density 4400, 3300, 6600 and 2500 trees per hectare. The results would provide the theories basis for manage the hybrid Larch plantations.
Effect of Chemical Fertilizer and Compost on Natural 15N Abundance of Tomato Leaves and Fruits
Authors: Guo Zhi Cheng , Li Yu Zhong , Li Qiao Zhen , Xu Chun Ying , Dong Yi Wei , Fang Fu Li
Published: June 2012

Organic farming is a good way to reduce environmental pollution. However, no related detection of fertilizer applications, which are extremely important in organic farming, exists. The δ15N value of chemical fertilizer (–3.8 to +2‰) is far lower than compost (>+10‰). Thus, natural 15N abundance (δ15N) in leaves and fruits may be used to reveal the application of N fertilizer. In this experiment, six treatments were laid out: 635 g (C1), 952 g (C2), and 1270 g (C3) of compost were applied as basal fertilizer in each pot. Alternately, 10.7 g (U1), 16 g (U2), and 21.3 g (U3) of urea were applied as basal fertilizer and 10.7 g (U1), 16 g (U2), and 21.3 g (U3) urea were applied as top-dressing, respectively, in each pot. C1 and U1, C2 and U2, and C3 and U3 had equal amounts of nitrogen fertilization. In all three fertilizer levels, the leaves and fruits sampled from the U group had significantly lower values than those sampled from the C group within the same period. The δ15N values of the leaves and fruits from the C group decreased slowly. The δ15N values of leaves sampled at 40 days after transplanting were fairly low. The δ15N values of leaves and fruits from the U group increased initially, due to the small amounts of urea left, which then led the plants to absorb N from the culture substrates. However, the δ15N values of leaves and fruits from the U group decreased rapidly after the top-dressing was applied, where the minimum values occurred during the final stage.
Chemical Compositions of the Flower Essential Oils of Elaeagnuslanceolata Warb. apud Diels
Authors: Wang Chang Qing , Pan Su Juan , Lei Xin You , Zuo Guo Fang
Published: June 2012

The flower essential oil in Elaeagnus lanceolata Warb. apud Diels flowers is extracted by water-steaming method. The extraction rate is 0.53%. The chemical compositions of the essential oil have been identified with the optimum separating and analyzing conditions by means of the GC-MS. The result shows 31 compounds are separated. The represention rate of total essential oil is 83.9％. The major chemical compositions of essential oil in Elaeagnus lanceolata Warb. apud Diels are octyl 4-methoxycinnamate，pelargonic acid , linoleic acid , palmitic acid , Germacrene D，hydrocarbon etc.
Banana Microstructure Changes during Oven Drying Process
Authors: Xu Feng Ying , Chen Zhen , Li Chang You , Deng Sheng Jie , Chen Yong Feng , Xu Ce , Liao Jian Yuan
Published: June 2012

To learn about banana microstructure changes on affecting moisture dehydration performance and its quality during oven drying process, this experiment chose scanning electron microscopy to observe the microstructure changes on outer surface, inner surface and cross section of banana peel and its flesh during drying process, in order to examine the relationship between dehydration performance and its microstructure shape and microstructure pore structures changes. The results showed that during drying process, all surfaces of banana peel and its flesh endured shape deformation from regularly to irregularly. Microstructure shrank evenly in beginning, while became conglomerate later, appeared to be significantly distortion and breakage. Microstructure pore quantity and area showed great changes, those average diameter over 10um pore numbers increased steadily, while pore area just reduced in beginning and then increased rapidly afterwards. As banana microstructure shape and pore shrinkage and deformation increased greatly, which also increased the resistance of moisture evaporating greatly. This may be an important reason that cause banana drying speed and quality decreased, it is an urgent problem that needs to be solved during fruit and vegetable drying process and storage.
Chemical Analysis of the Sour Pickled Cabbages Collected from Northeast of China
Authors: Wu Jun Rui , Cai Miao , Zhang Miao , Du Shu , Wu Ri Na , Yue Xi Qing
Published: June 2012

Sour pickled cabbage is a traditional Chinese food, which was made with fresh vegetables such as cabbage. Because of its naturally fermentation, a lot of lactic acid bacteria are riched in it. However, the traditional naturally fermented sour pickled cabbage were home-made in China, because of the difference of raw material, processing, formula and other factors, the flavor, nutrition and safety of them varied significantly, in order to investigate the influencing factors affected the flavor, quality and security of the naturally fermented sour pickled cabbage, and discuss the relationship between chemical composition and the flavor, quality and security, the acidity, total sugar, nitrite, protein and sodium chloride levels of 5 naturally fermented sour pickled vegetables by means of acid-base titration method, the direct titration, the hydrochloric acid naphthalene ethylenediamine kieldahl method, the indirect precipitation titration method respectively. The results were showed as follow, the acidity were between 0.283% and 0.891%, the total sugar content were between 3.96% to 4.37%, the nitrate content were 0.167 g/kg to 0.267 g/kg, the protein content were between 0.0169% and 0.0218%, the sodium chloride content were between 0.412% and 0.447% respectively.
Determination of Puerarin and Daidzin from Pueraria Root Based on Chromatography
Authors: Liu Xing Rong , Zheng Jian , Zhu Dao Chen , Chen Yuan Mei
Published: June 2012

Combine thin layer chromatography ( TLC ) with high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) detection of kudzu root isoflavones, to establish a rapid and accurate method to determine the component content of Puerarin and daidzin in Radix Puerariae.Though study on the optimization analysis of Puerarin Content in Radix Puerariae and daidzin content chromatography in a variety of conditions, including TLC developing solvent and options of coloration, and HPLC chromatographic separation conditions and detection characteristics of TLC and HPL, to get the best Chromatographic separation conditions and make a comparison with Puerarin pharmacopoeia test methods.The experimental results show that: TLC has the advantages of simple operation, rapid, reproducible, rapid identification of Puerarin and daidzin , HPLC with good stability, great accuracy and high precision that can be detected in puerarin and daidzin content. TLC and HPLC is a simple, fast, accurate method and contribute to the establishment of puerarin medicine standardized quality evaluation system and comprehensive utilization and development of Pueraria resources.
Purification and Identification of Lactoferrin from Bovine Milk
Authors: Kong Ying Ying , Liu Meng , Di Wei , Wang Cong , Du Ming , Zhang Lan Wei
Published: June 2012

Lactoferrin has many kinds of bioactivities which have attracted more and more attention. In the present study, lactoferrin from bovine milk was isolated and purified by membrane filtration, series of chromatography on SP Sepharose Big Bead ion exchange column and Superdex 200 gel filtration column. The purified lactoferrin was identified by SDS-PAGE compared with the lactoferrin standard.
Trade Ecological Footprint Analysis of China's Agricultural
Authors: Diao Wei Yang , Tian Bai Ping , Ma Ping , Wang Xian En
Published: June 2012

This paper employs the ecological footprint analysis method to analyze the ecological footprint of the import and export trade of major agricultural products during the years of 1990-2009 in China. The results indicate that the footprint of the main agricultural products’ import and export of China presents obvious two-stage characteristics: during the years of 1991-2001, the import and export trade as a whole tended to be stable with ecological deficit; however, during the years of 2001-2009 the import trade increased significantly. The export trade tended to be stable. There was ecological surplus in successive years. In order to promote the sustainable development of China’s major agricultural products, we should optimize the industrial structure of the major agricultural products, implement the technical improvement of crops, ameliorate the ecological environment of crop production, and promote the development strategy of agricultural trade.
A Game Pattern Analysis of the Cooperation and Competition of Global Carbon Emission Reduction
Authors: Wang Yan
Published: June 2012

As a huge systematic project, low-carbon emission reduction involves all of the world's vital profit. From the perspective of cooperation and competition, the dynamic equilibrium process is analyzed around the low-carbon emission reduction game background in this paper. Focus on the relevant principles of game theory to give a global analysis to global carbon emission reduction market and to explain the phenomenon during the global carbon emission reduction process. Try to expose the planning and motivation of the various interest game groups.
Carbon Tax Research Based on the Perspective of the Low-Carbon Economy
Authors: Jiang Shu Bin , Xu Jun Jie
Published: June 2012

Global warming is one of the problems paid close attention extensively in the world today. Meanwhile, the development of the world economy demands more and more oil, coal and other energy, which results in an unceasing increase of greenhouse gas emissions and intensifies the climate change. The development of the low-carbon economy has become an important means to address climate change issues to a country, and the carbon tax is an important approach to achieve the development of the low-carbon economy. This paper is based on the perspective of the low-carbon economy, starting from the role of the tax on the economy to study the role of the tax on the low-carbon economy, and ultimately to design the implementation of the tax .
Differences on the Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Developed Countries and Newly Industrialized Countries
Authors: Zhang Jie , Qin Yu Tian , Zhang Zhi Yuan
Published: June 2012

Based on the statistics of the energy consumption and economic growth of the OECD countries and BRICs from the year 1986 to the year 2009, this paper applied Panel Data Econometrics Method to process and analyze those statistics and found that(1) in the long term, the energy consumption and economic growth of OECD countries and BRICs don’t maintain a long-standing equilibrium relationship.(2) in the short term, OECD countries have a one-direction causal relationship from their economic growth to energy consumption while the BRICs have just the opposite, a one-direction of causal relationship from energy consumption to economic growth. The research founding indicates that developed countries represented by OECD should strictly implement policies concerning energy saving and emission reduction and shoulder duties of providing fund and technological aid;the emerging industrialized countries represented by the BRICs should implement policies concerning energy saving and emission reduction phase by phase,step by step and also assume the reasonable task of saving energy and reducing carbon dioxid
Study on Carbondioxide Emission Reduction and Energy Consumption Structure Adjustment Optimization Models
Authors: Tang Lei , Li Jia Ye , Wang Hai Tao , Chen Lei
Published: June 2012

In modern society, “energy saving and emission reduction” has become a hot issue in scientific research nowadays. In this paper, the emission reduction of CO2 and adjustment scheme on energy consumption structure of the major industries are studied. We conclude that carbondioxide emission of every industry should be reduced. Among them, mining industry has to reduce up to 30.79%. From the adjustment scheme, it is clear that consumptions of electricity power should be controlled because of its low economic efficiency. And the energy consumption structure of transportation industry has higher energy consumption efficiency than other industries. What’s more, the energy consumption structure of water and electricity supply industry needs further adjustments.
Study on Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Using Data Envelopment Analysis Model
Authors: Chen Lei , Pang Hao Qiang , Liu Tian Yuan , Zhu Guang Mu , Tao Wen Quan
Published: June 2012

In the paper, on the basis of the comprehensive weight method, the total energy saving and emission reduction target is distributed to every region. Then the DEA model is adopted to evaluate the actual effect of the energy consumption and the emission reduction. Finally, the optimal scheme is put forward. Taking China as example to compare the efficiency of the program A, B and the program C, we get that program B is more suitable for China, and in more developed economical region, the task of energy saving and emission reduction is done better.
A Preliminary Study on the Green Catering in Hainan
Authors: Wang Feng Xia , Wang Lin
Published: June 2012

Nowadays, “eating” has become more than a satisfaction with feeding people, but a level of being healthy. The appearance of the green catering fulfilled people’s demand of being fit. Catering, as a most essential one of the six tourist factors, played a vital role in constructing the International Tourist Destination and developing tourism, and became an important strength in enhancing the economy. The green catering asked Hainan’s catering for a deep-level requirement as well. Therefore, how to lead the “Green Catering” and improve the current situation of Hainan’s catering industry has become the vital problem how to enhance the quality of the tourist. This article is to find out the problems existed in Hainan’s catering industry and analyze the macro and regional environment based on the current situation of green catering in China, considering Hainan’s green catering as the object around the conditions of the development of green catering, in order to gain the attention of the relevant departments, standardizing and internationalizing the green catering industry.
Effects of Tillage Systems on Greenhouse Gas Emission of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping System in North China Plain
Authors: Wei Yan Hua , Zhang Er Peng , Chen Fu , Zhang Yu , Zhang Hai Lin
Published: June 2012

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agro-ecosystem have been widely concerned as a hot issue. Tillage methods siGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agro-ecosystem have been widely concerned as a hot issue. Tillage methods significantly affect GHG emissions in the farmland. This study was conducted on double cropping system of winter wheat and summer corn in North China with four treatments (conventional tillage CT, conventional tillage with straw retention CTS, no-tillage with straw retention NTS, rotary tillage with straw retention RTS). In order to study tillage effects on field GHG emissions, CO2, N2O and CH4emissions fluxes were collected. Results showed that soils of each the treatment were net sources of CO2, but RTS and NTS consumed atmospheric CH4, while N2O emission exhibited high annual flux in all the treatments except RTS; soil moisture contents in NTS were maximum (19.3%) and significantly higher compared to the other treatments (at P<0.05 level); CO2emission fluxes (g CO2m-2y-1) were generally in the order of CTS (6460.3) > CT (5568.4) > RTS (5421.2) > NTS (4200.1); integrated evaluation of field greenhouse effect indicated that it was mainly caused by CO2, with CH4and N2O as subsidiary components; total greenhouse effect under different tillage treatments was followed NTS < RTS < CT < CTS in North China Plain.
Energy Efficient Optical Network – An Implementation Perspective Survey
Authors: Shen Jian Hua , Shi Xin Ran , Lin Ji Xiang , Chen Jian
Published: June 2012

Due to the fast growth of energy consumption in modern industry especially the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) society, many attentions are focused on better energy efficient solutions. In this paper, we provide an implementation perspective survey on employed optical network technologies’ power consumption features. We investigate major techniques of current optical network and corresponding energy consumptions. Some promising techniques are proposed including burst switching, multiple granularity traffic grooming, unified control plane and Green PON to achieve energy efficiency.
Application of Safety Appraisement of Blasting Operation in Coal Face of Blasting Mining
Authors: Wang Xin Sheng , Rong Tao
Published: June 2012

The coal face of blasting mine in underground coal mine is a very complicated system of disaster environment, the spatio temporal limit increases the accident probability of blasting operations. So the safety appraisement method of safety engineering was applied. Through marking the potential tendency of the serious injury and the control level, the serious injury possibility of this operation is analyzed, and the safety technical measures and management measures to improve the safety in the implemention are put forward.
Qiang Nationality’s Traditional Ecological Culture and Environmental Consciousness Education and Their Realistic Significances
Authors: Wang Wei Hong , Zhang Wen Jun
Published: June 2012

As one of China's most ancient ethnic minorities, Qiang nationality has extremely distinctive production mode and lifestyle, religious belief, customs and habits, etc, from which traditional Qiang ecological culture grows. In this paper, the content of traditional Qiang ecological culture is introduced at first from four aspects: the ecological culture contained in the primitive religion, the ecological culture contained in myths and legends, the ecological culture reflected by lifestyle and production mode, and the ecological culture embodied in rites (etiquette and custom); next, the method of traditional environmental consciousness education is discussed, including education and warning under the Nasa tower, memorial ceremony for the mountains, taboo education and other Qiang ceremonies; finally, the realistic significances of traditional Qiang ecological culture and environmental consciousness in the ecological environment recovery and protection and sustainable development of Qiang area after the 5.12 earthquake are stated.
Research on Carbon Emission in China in the Perspective of Input-Output Analysis
Authors: Zhang Bin , Liu Xue Min , Wang Shuang
Published: June 2012

According to ‘IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories’, carbon emission coefficients were estimated. Then based on input-output analysis methods, the carbon emission model was built and the carbon emission in different inventories had been calculated in China in 2007. According to the calculation, we can get some meaningful conclusions for carbon reduction in China, which are useful for policy-makers.
Research on Development Status and Countermeasure of Shandong Province Low Carbon City
Authors: Sun Xiu Li , Sun Xue Qin
Published: June 2012

Due to the impact of climate change, the development of low-carbon economy and building a low carbon city has become one of the optimal mode of urban development in the future. This paper first describes the related concepts of low-carbon cities, introduces the status of the development of low carbon cities in Shandong Province, identify the favorable conditions and unfavorable factors of the development of low carbon cities in Shandong Province, and finally put forward countermeasures and suggestions. This article points out that Shandong Province should improve the low - carbon policies and systems, build a legal system, increase low-carbon capital investment, develop the carbon trading markets, adjust industrial structure, promote energy conservation etc, then realize the healthy development of low-carbon city.
Some Legal Considerations on the Mandatory Obligation of Household Waste Classification: A Case Study of Xiamen City
Authors: Zhu Xiao Qin , He Jin Long , Li Wei Lin
Published: June 2012

The mandatory classification of household waste forms the foundation and prerequisite for the waste recycle and reuse. This paper takes Xiamen’s local rule on the municipal household waste as a positivistic case, analyzes the results of the provision stipulating the mandatory obligation of household waste classification and the causes, and proposes relevant advices to improve the situation.
The Low Carbon Economy Strategy Research of Industrial Enterprise
Authors: Jiang Jin San
Published: June 2012

Because China is in an accelerated industrialization and urbanization development stage, low carbon economy transformation is subject to the pressure of the external environment.The low carbon economy is in response to climate change under the background of sustainable development of economic growth mode, the low carbon technology development and the reserve in China lags behind the developed countries,and so low carbon economy economy transformation is facing many difficulties.The government and the enterprise must make and carry out scientific development strategy ,pay great attention to the low carbon technology innovation and use,and strengthen the system innovation and institutional constraints security function.Through the guidance and encouragement improving energy efficiency technology,energy saving technology, renewable energy technology and green gas emission reduction technology,and through the change of economic and social development philosophy,achieve higher carbon productivity economic prosperity.
Will CDM Still be Effective after Kyoto Protocol? - Two Dilemmas in the Mechanism
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Liu Ji Xian
Published: June 2012

Clean Development Mechanism is one of the Climate Mitigation tools with the purposes to reduce GHGs. We resemble the one-shot public-goods game to deduce the constraints for CDM’s long-term effectiveness. By studying PDDs of China’s registered programs, we find the effect of technology transfer is not obvious. The dilemma between CDM’s additionality and host countries’ environment policies, as well as the dilemma between CDM as public good and technology as private good can account for the uncertainty about CDM after the expiring of Kyoto Protocols. Our analysis shows with the development of Carbon Finance of the host countries and the symmetry of information between each participant have a positive affect on the effectiveness of CDM.
Design & Research of the Traditional Waterfront Interface Houses in Shanghai Ecological Transformation - Pudong Ancient Shao Jia Lou Town House
Authors: Feng Xin Qun , Du Chen , Liu Xiao Dong
Published: June 2012

The natural landscape of the pudong ancient town in Shanghai's waterfront with "bridges, water, people" rich in distinctive cultural landscape has always been popular. Rustic country setting and its rich cultural heritage have attracted many people to want to get to know it. Ancient town in Shanghai have been famous in the world too. "Authenticity" town folk culture is the essence of the town's cultural heritage. On one hand, the attention to the life of local residents and traditional architecture "authenticity" can revitalize traditional cultural heritage, promote tourism development and protection of ancient town. On the other hand, building ecology, energy conservation, and sustainability are the current world trend, most importantly the needs of the world's sustainable economic development. In this paper, taking Shao Jia Lou town house as an example for the transformation of the traditional waterfront interface, based on the waterfront interface environmental features, the adoption of the internal layout of the building materials and re-design the ventilation system, heating systems and new energy sources, ecological transformation has been carefully designed. In addition, some practical design studies have been done regarding the diversification of the use of small space. The precondition of making people aware of China's traditional ecological transformation of the waterfront interface is to extend the traditional culture, ancient town in Shanghai, protect and improve the waterfront environment and raise living standards.
Risk Assessment of City Village Reconstruction Demolition Engineering in Urban Sustainable Development
Authors: Liu Xiao Jun , Lan De Xing
Published: June 2012

In the past decade, China’s urbanization speed was very quick, many villages in suburb have became city villages. City villages are dirty, chaotic, poor and without reasonable planning and design, this has became a serious problem which constraints of city sustainable development. This paper take Xi’an city village reconstruction demolition engineering projects as the main object of study, use the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation combined with system-level analysis in demolition of city village reconstruction project for quantitative risk assessment, identify the key risk factors, and measures proposed for the development enterprises to reduce project risks and promote the sustainable development of the city.
Study on the Relationship between Land Use Dynamics and Economic Development - Ecological Environmental in Chongqing
Authors: Xiao Yi , Yin Ke
Published: June 2012

This paper analyzes the past 10 years, Chongqing, land use changes, And on this basis, study on the relationship between land use dynamics and economic development - ecological environmental. The results show: (1)Between 1999-2008 Chongqing sharp decline in arable land, the area net decrease in 293679.7 hm2, significant increase of construction land, the area net increase 74334.1 hm2. (2)GDP, total fixed asset investment, industrial added value and the construction area was positively correlated, and arable land change was a negative correlation. Show that the economic and social development of Chongqing mainly depends on the development of land resources. (3)In addition, returning land for farming to forestry, construction of the wetland ecosystem, making the Chongqing Municipality, although the value of ecosystem services is rising, but the overall value is still lower.
The Embodiment of Cultural Ecology in Urban Design
Authors: Xu Jian Feng , Li Bing
Published: June 2012

Based on the ecological civilization organic extension of ecological and spatial structure of urban space is a important method to form urban characters of a city. founded on the ecological character of the urban culture and the coherence of ecology,combined with evolutions of culture and proposes strategy for practical development and preservation. The organic extension of urban spatial structure is realized by combination mentioned and extractions of key nodes in the urban design.
Value Evaluation System for Urban Design Review
Authors: Wu Ching I , Wu Yi Yen , Liu Cheng Chih
Published: June 2012

The theory of urban design has been adopted for years, but only a few researchers have extended their studies discussing value from the perspective of urban design review. This paper aims to understand the items of urban design review and to establish the value evaluating system of urban design review to catch the trend in controlling urban environmental quality. According to the difference of each urban’s stage, this study separates Taiwanese cities as metropolitan, regional, and local one, and compares six different city’s relative contents and seven different review items. From overview of the urban design evaluation system developing, the framework of the value evaluation system for urban design review considers 15 factors, classified into five categories: the richness of architectural patterns, diversity of ecological landscapes, accessibility of transportation, livability of society and culture, and sustainability of economy and industry. Thus some problems regarding urban design should be resolved,improve the completion of system planning by ecological methods, enable the implementation of a variety of public participation project, beautiful, and healthy city in the future.
Impact of Urbanization on the Spatial Sustainability of A City - A Case Study of Yantai
Authors: Ding Xiao Hui , Zhong Wei Zhou , Zhang Shuo Xin , Jiang Yu
Published: June 2012

Urbanization is a major factor that shapes the pattern of urban area of cities and exerts influence on cities’ development. The pattern of urban expansion and sprawl is considered as the main feature for evaluating the development of a city, which can dramatically reflect the path of urbanization and largely influence the potential of sustainability of a city. The objectives of this study were to introduce a sustainable development indicator - compact coefficient of urban area (CCUA), specially designed for evaluating the sustainability of a city in spatial dimension, and reveal the impact of urbanization on the sustainability of a city through comparing the trend of urbanization rate of a city with its changes of CCUA. A case study has been taken in Yantai, a medium-sized city in east part of China. Remote sensing was used for mapping the land use/land cover changes of urban area in Yantai from 1990 to 2010 by using the medium-resolution satellite imagery. Then, five indexes of ecological landscape were selected and processed, and CCUA of Yantai was calculated. Results of this study indicate that CCUA is an efficient indicator for measuring the sustainability of the pattern of urban expansion, which can assist the urban planning process of professionals and facilitate the decision-making process of local government.
Study on the Necessity of Small Inter-Basion Transfers Project
Authors: Gu Chen Xia
Published: June 2012

As socio-economic is developing rapidly, the problems between water resource supply and demand is prominent. Small inter-basin water transfer is gradually increasing in order to solve water shortage. In this paper, the development position of regional socio-economic, the potential of water resources, water supply and demand balance are discussed, the necessity of inter-basin transfers project is studied and discussed comprehensively, the conclusion is authentic, and the method of this paper has reference for similar project.
Determination of Strata Displacement Angles under Subcritical Mining
Authors: Chai Hua Bin , Zou You Feng , Li Sheng Yu
Published: June 2012

With the surface movement observation data derived from subcritical mining, Matlab curve fitting is applied to calculate predicting parameters of the probability integral method. Other conditions kept unchangeable, the size of the working face is extended to achieve full exploitation degree. The displacement and horizontal strain values are calculated by use of the probability integral method, and the subsidence, slope, curvature, horizontal strain curves are generated, thus, the displacement angles of strata under the condition of critical mining are consequently inversed. It is of theoretical significance and of practical value for delimiting the damaged scope and designing the protection pillar size reasonably.
Analysis of the Urban Environment Needs Based on the Residents’ Perspective
Authors: Wu Yong Chun , Liu Xin Kui , Xu Lian Feng
Published: June 2012

Create a good city environment is an eternal theme of human development. The urbanization has brought not only economic and social development, but also urban sprawl and environmental damage, which make the city become a tool to complete various functions and no longer suitable for residents to live. A strange phenomenon appears that the more development of the city, the lower residents’ satisfaction to the urban environment. This article argues that meeting the needs of the people is the true meaning of urban development, and discusses the needs of the residents to the urban environment.
Discussion on Road Ecology Research Progress and Development Planning in China
Authors: Wang Bin , Yang Xiao Sheng , Li Zheng Cai , Geri Le Tu
Published: June 2012

Road ecology is a science to study the interactions among traffic roads, vehicles and natural environments around it. It combines human-vehicles-road, man-made system and ecological environment, is an interdisciplinary branch of ecological science, earth science and engineering science. In this paper, based on the comprehensive analysis on the research literatures related with road ecology, we summarizes the research theories and methods, scale and content of road ecology, formulates the research framework for road ecology, then discusses the road ecology development planning in China in the future from research range, long-term and located observation, application of information technology, policy measures, experiment and demonstration, etc.
Environmental Construction of World City and Its Enlightenment to Beijing
Authors: Xu Lian Feng , Wu Yong Chun , Liu Xin Kui
Published: June 2012

At 7th plenary session of 10th Beijing municipal committee, the development strategy of accelerating the implementation of the "Humanistic Beijing, Hi-tech Beijing and Green Beijing" is put forward on the height of building the world city. How to construct Beijing urban environment to a new level is worth concerning. Based on historical analysis of urban environment construction of New York, London and Tokyo, four principles that Beijing should insist on in the progress of urban environmental construction are presented.
Exploring the Protection Strategy of the Chinese Eastern Railway Culture Town under the Low-Carbon Background
Authors: Zhao Zhi Qing , Wang Qing Lian
Published: June 2012

As an important part of modern industry history of China, the Chinese Eastern Railway has been of irreplaceable historical significance and research value. Under the background of encouraging constructing low-carbon urban and town in China, the conservation tasks of protecting the Chinese Eastern Railway Culture Town would face new opportunities and challenges. This paper tries to explore how to apply the low-carbon planning approaches into the conservation planning of Hengdaohezi Town by analyzing and interpretating the status quo of the town.
Landscape Pattern Change and Driving Forces Analysis in Response to Urbanization
Authors: Li Chun Lin , Liu Miao , Hu Yuan Man
Published: June 2012

In order to analysis the landscape pattern change in Shenyang, we counted the most representative landscape metrics according to the remote sensing images from 2005 to 2010. And then we used the transition matrix of land use to analyze the situation of land use macroscopically by change trend. We analyzed the driving forces of landscape change of study area from 2005 to 2010 using the multivariate statistics method of Principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the area of agriculture and green space decreased, and the rural settlement and urban land increased correspondingly. Based on the results of PCA analysis, the landscape changes were mainly driven by the forces of population increasing and economic development.
Research about the Evaluation System of Economical and Intensive Land Use in Tourism Industry
Authors: Li Su Min , Gan Shu , Li Hong Bo
Published: June 2012

The core of economical and intensive land-use in tourism industry is the land for construction(LC). The paper studied the evaluation system about the economical and intensive land-use of the LC in the tourism industry. And made the cites as the evaluation unit of Yunnan Province, selected seven factors, such as the received tourist of units construction from abroad, the investment of units construction, the income of tourism and so on as the evaluation factors, analyzed and evaluated the status of intensive use of the LC, which provided the basis for the land-use planning of tourism industry in Yunnan Province.
Research and Practice on Village Renovation in Central Plains - A Case Study of Lilin Town
Authors: Li Ying Chao
Published: June 2012

The rural area in the central plain area in Henan province, China has problems such as inefficient land use and unplanned village setup. This study was performed in Lilin town to develop a pilot redevelopment system. Conservation of local characteristics and protection of the farmers’ interest are the high priority in the new rural development plan which aims to create a harmonious relationship among the land, water, road, forest, and the residence. By strategically redistributing local resources, the plan helped to resolve the fund shortage problem, and significantly promoted development of both urban and suburban areas.
Space Planning and Layout of the Home Store
Authors: Mao Tian Bin , Chen Hong Xia , Huang Zheng Wen
Published: June 2012

Space planning and layout of the home store is the first step of formation of the spatial pattern. It is very important for service functions, environmental molding, crowd evacuating and the commodity sales. The establishment of the reasonable order of the store’s space, the reasonable planning and layout of modern home stores and the handling of customer streamline, freight lines, streamline, etc. All these are topics concerned and needed to be further discussed by household stores designers and household enterprise.
Dust Simulation and Application of Forced and Exhausted Mixed Ventilation System in Half Coal-Rock Fully-Mechanized Excavation Face
Authors: Zhou Gang , Nie Wen , Cheng Wei Min , Wang De Ming , Yu Yan Bin , Yang Jun Lei
Published: June 2012

The numerical simulation of migration rule about dust flow field in typical long forcing and short exhausting mixed ventilation dust removal system of half-coal rock fully-mechanized excavation face was carried out, and local ventilation system was improved based on the simulation results. The relative position relationship of ventilation facilities and the matching relationship of forcing and exhausting air volume in half-coal roadway were made sure, thus, the new complete sets of ventilation wet dedusting system with the type of KTCS-500L had been developed. According to the application in Nantun coal mine of Yanzhou mining group, the system proved to be very effective.
The Discussion of the Sustainable Planning and Designing of the University Campus
Authors: Wang Xue Yong , Liu Hai Yan , Zhou Jun
Published: June 2012

With the shortage of energy and the deterioration of the global climate, the implementation of Sustainable Development is imperative under the circumstances. The university campus is part of the urban construction. The consumption of energy can not be ignored because that both of its occupation and scale is very large. The sustainable planning and designing of the university campus is benefit for the improvement of the circumstances of the universities and it is also the tendency of the universities in the future.