bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Livestock production and marketing for small emerging farmers in South Africa and Kenya: comparative lessons
Authors: Mbatha CN
Published: May 2021

Poor production methods and limited market access are some of the challenges that prevent small African farmers from developing. In cattle farming, poor grazing practices and a lack of vaccination produce poor quality animals. Limited information, poor infrastructure, cultural issues and other factors, lead to low participation levels of these farmers in livestock markets. This study explored the prevalence of these challenges in two geographical locations of two African countries (South Africa and Kenya) with the intention to identify possible cross lessons for developing small rural farmers. Ethnographic and case study methods were used to collect and analyse data in two provinces (one in each country) where cattle farming by small rural farmers is predominant. From the two countries, three cases of distinguishable cattle production and marketing challenges were identified. Firstly, rural South African (SA) small farmers are generally faced with high production and marketing challenges, which prevent them from developing into successful commercial farmers. Secondly, Kenyan small rural farmers face similar production challenges as those faced by their SA counterparts, but perform better at marketing their animals, although they still face a lot of structural marketing issues, with brokers controlling the market to the disadvantage of farmers. Thirdly, the study identified a case of rural Black SA farmers who are being assisted through a research project in the Eastern Cape Province that embraces a more holistic environmental approach to rural development to overcome most production and marketing challenges. Given the successes of the holistic view, this study concludes that the environmental approach presents the best case lessons for replication across SA in developing small African farmers. It is argued that the replication of lessons across SA would require central coordination by a government agency. The national agricultural extension office (one of whose mandates is to work directly with farmers for their development) would be most appropriate for this coordination role.
Индикаторы образования: 2017
Authors: Бондаренко Наталья , Гохберг Леонид , Забатурина Ирина , Ковалева Наталья , Кузнецова Вера , Озерова Ольга , Пинская Марина , Подольский Олег , Пономарева Алена , Рылько Екатерина , Шугаль Николай , Зайнуллина Зифа , Коновка Надежда , Кузнецов Василий , Рязанова Марина , Сабельникова Марина , Савостьянова Татьяна , Фролова Елена , Чумарина Венера
Published: May 2021

В настоящем сборнике, подготовленном Институтом статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики», представлены данные, отражающие уровень и динамику основных индикаторов образования в Российской Федерации. Сборник содержит сведения об организациях, осуществляющих образовательную деятельность. Отдельные разделы посвящены оценке образовательных достижений обучающихся, связи образования с рынком труда, финансирования образования, состава обучающихся, персонала, условий обучения; представлены международные сопоставления. В публикации использованы данные Федеральной службы государственной статистики, Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации, Федерального казначейства, Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития, а также собственные методологические и аналитические разработки Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний НИУ ВШЭ.
Индикаторы образования: 2020
Authors: Бондаренко Наталья , Бородина Динара , Гохберг Леонид , Ковалева Наталья , Кузнецова Вера , Озерова Ольга , Саутина Елена , Шугаль Николай , Зайнуллина Зифа , Коновка Надежда , Львова Елена , Рязанова Марина
Published: May 2021

В настоящем сборнике, подготовленном Институтом статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики», представлены данные, отражающие уровень и динамику основных индикаторов образования в Российской Федерации. Сборник содержит сведения об организациях, осуществляющих образовательную деятельность. Отдельные разделы посвящены связи образования с рынком труда, финансированию образования, составу обучающихся, персоналу, условиям обучения, образованию лиц с ограниченными возможностями здоровья; представлены международные сопоставления. В публикации использованы данные Федеральной службы государственной статистики, Межгосударственного статистического комитета Содру-жества Независимых Государств, Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации, Министерства просвещения Российской Федерации, Федерального казначейства, Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития, а также собственные методологические и аналитические разработки Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний НИУ ВШЭ.
policía del género y la invisibilización de la intersexualidad en el arte
Authors: López Sánchez Teresa
Published: May 2021

La intersexualidad, condición de estados intermedios entre macho y hembra, no solo se refiere a una cuestión de genitalidad, ya que depende de las múltiples variaciones a nivel de cromosomas, genes, hormonas y la combinación de todos estos elementos. Basándonos en todas estas variables y sus combinaciones se reconocen al menos 40 variaciones en el espectro intersex. En este estudio, realizaremos un recorrido sobre cómo la intersexualidad se ha tratado a lo largo de la historia y el reflejo que esta ha tenido en el arte, la forma en la que se ha representado, silenciado y reivindicado a través del trabajo de artistas intersexuales que han hecho de su creación una forma de empoderamiento ante la patologización, medicalización e invisibilización de sus cuerpos e identidades en aras de proteger el sistema binario de identidad de género.
Reescribirnos mediante la experiencia fotográfica
Authors: Sánchez González Sara , Soler Ruiz Isabel
Published: May 2021

Los recuerdos son la única vía que tenemos para proyectarnos en el tiempo. Por ello, habitualmente recurrimos a la fotografía como almacén de recuerdos para contar nuestra historia de las formas más diversas. La fotografía no solamente encierra un poder evocador, sino que pone de manifiesto su utilidad como registro documental. Pero no es un registro objetivo, sino el medio para encontrarnos en cada una de ellas, a veces, alterando nuestra propia historia.Sin embargo, la fotografía es una excusa para hacernos conscientes de nuestra búsqueda de identidad como una necesidad vital para definirnos como individuas en una sociedad. El proceso creativo nos mantiene en un constante cuestionamiento que creemos resolver al terminar una obra.Álbum, la obra de Ana Casas Broda, se centra en la conciencia de su propio proceso creativo y elabora, mediante la fotografía, almacenes de recuerdos que actúan como verdaderas máquinas del tiempo. La artista se sumerge en álbumes que encierran un pasado, una experiencia nostálgica que no es capaz de recordar por sí misma. Más tarde, la editorial Mestizo lo recoge en una cuidada edición.Investigar sobre ella nos ha permitido reflexionar sobre los procesos de búsqueda de conocimiento de nuestro lenguaje artístico, sobre nuestros procesos corporales en la toma fotográfica y sobre la relación que establecemos con las personas que fotografiamos.
Lessons Learned from 55 (or More) Years of Professional Experience in Urban Planning and Development
Authors: Verschure Han
Published: May 2021

Reflecting on the many debates over the years on changing urbanization processes, on the towns and cities of yesterday, today, and tomorrow, the main challenge will be listening to lessons of wisdom from the past and adapting these to our future professional work. When Chief Seattle said that the Earth does not belong to us, we belong to the Earth, he called for more humility and respect so as to plan for the needs of today and tomorrow, and not for the greed of a few. The doomsday scenarios of overpopulation only make sense if we continue to exploit our planet the way we do today, as if we have an infinite reservoir of resources. Already back in the 1960s, Barbara Ward, John F. C. Turner, and particularly Kenneth Boulding taught me to rethink our whole perception of Spaceship Earth. I have seen many towns and cities grow as if resources were limitless; I myself have seen and worked on efforts to focus on spatial quality, respecting nature whenever possible for a growing number of people, recognizing resources as being precious and scarce, and yet guaranteeing equitable access to a good quality of urban life. Such objectives are not evident, when models in education, schools of thought, professional planners, and greedy developers are often geared towards the contrary: the higher the skyscrapers, the better; the more egotripping by architects, the more the rich like it; the more people are stimulated to consume, the better the world will be. Such narrow visions will no longer help. At several global urban planning and developments events (1976, 1992, 1996, 2016, etc.), new ideas and agendas have been put forward. Whether the present Covid-19 crisis may induce a more rapid change in vision and practice is still too early to confirm, but luckily, several towns and cities, and a few visionary planners and decision makers are showing some promising examples.
X VE Y KUŞAĞI OKUL MÜDÜRLERİN İLETİŞİM BECERİLERİNİN ÖĞRETMENLERİN ÖRGÜTSEL SOSYALLEŞME DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: Saylık Ahmet , Hazar Serdar
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı X ve Y kuşağı okul müdürlerin iletişim becerilerinin öğretmenlerin örgütsel sosyalleşme düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde nicel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmaya 394 öğretmen katılmıştır. Araştırmada okul yöneticilerinin iletişim becerilerini belirlemeye yönelik ‘‘Okul Yöneticilerinin Kişilerarası İletişim Becerileri Ölçeği’’ ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel sosyalleşme düzeylerini tespit edilmesinde “Örgütsel Sosyalleşme Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda okul müdürlerinin iletişim becerileri ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel sosyalleşmelerinin yüksek düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Okul müdürlerinin temsil ettiği X ve Y kuşağı değişkeni ile iletişim becerileri düzeyleri arasında ölçeğin bütünü ve alt boyutları arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmaktadır. Okul müdürlerinin X ve Y kuşağı değişkenine göre öğretmenlerin örgütsel sosyalleşme düzeyleri arasında dil ve insanlar boyutunda anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken tarih, politikalar, hedef ve değer, performans ve örgütsel sosyalleşme ölçeğin genelinde anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Y kuşağı okul müdürlerinin, X kuşağı okul müdürleriyle karşılaştırıldığında Y kuşağı okul müdürlerinin iletişim becerilerinin daha yüksek düzeyde olduğu, okul müdürlerin iletişim becerilerinin öğretmenlerin örgütsel sosyalleşmelerinin anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
THE CHALLENGES OF HIGNER EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF REMOTE STUDIES: LEGAL REGULATION AND PRACTICE
Authors: Kudeikina Inga , Zīvarts Juris , Mihailovs Ivans Jānis
Published: May 2021

Technologies are becoming an integral component of study process. Opportunities brought by digitalisation in the field of education are not at variance with the right to education and conform to the right to exploit the achieved scientific and technical progress for enhancing human life and welfare; moreover, there no grounds for asserting that knowledge and skills acquired remotely are at a lower level than the results of face-to-face learning. However, to develop a uniform understanding and create a stable legal basis for the evolution of remote studying, legislative amendments that would define remote studying and set forth related requirements are needed.The aim of the research is the analysis of remote studies as a form and practice of education, evaluating the provisions of regulatory enactments in order to find out its admissibility and compliance with the right to education.The research uses document analysis, as well as methods of interpretation of legal norms and induction-deduction method, drawing conclusions and making proposals for improving regulatory enactments and practice of higher education establishments.However, there exist various interpretations of the content of remote studies. The management of higher education establishments are also discussing the construction of the term ‘contact hour’ provided in the Law on Higher Education Institutions, including remote studying that at least partially duplicates distance and open learning and additional requirements concerning the organisation of the remote study process.
ONLINE EDUCATION: LEARNING OUTCOME, SUCCESS & CHALLENGES
Authors: Radin Michael Alexander , Shlat Natalia
Published: May 2021

This paper’s intents are to render the learning outcome, success and challenges that emerge in an online teaching and learning environment in comparison to the traditional face to face classroom environment. First of all, we will examine how the students acclimate to the new online digital learning atmosphere after the traditional face to face learning environment; what challenges and barriers the students encounter in a synchronous and in an asynchronous online learning environments? Second of all, we will focus on how professors adapt to the new digital online teaching styles and examine the new essential teaching innovations that arise in order to achieve and go beyond the expected learning outcomes; how to remit to the students’ challenges and retain the positive and engaging learning environment? In addition, our aims are to examine new pedagogical innovations that naturally emerge while responding to the students’ travails and to smoothly navigate them to achieve the expected learning outcomes.Furthermore, our paper’s intents are to portray how an online learning environment can attain more effective learning outcomes in comparison to the traditional face to face classroom environment; how to think beyond our horizons and to enhance the learning outcomes in a digital learning atmosphere while addressing the students’ challenges? Moreover, we will emphasize how the immediate graded feedback and students’ feedback serve as pertinent tools in achieving the learning outcome and inspires students to learn in an online atmosphere.
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE TEACHING INTEGRATION IN COLLEGE NURSING STUDIES: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS
Authors: Šakalytė Danguolė , Indrašienė Valdonė
Published: May 2021

To better understand and analyze the education of evidence-based practice, it is necessary to review the context and premises of the formation of evidence-based practice itself. The beginning of the evidence-based practice movement in the teaching of health professionals’ dates back to 1910 and looking at the health care system; first, there was evidence-based medicine. In 1990, Sackett's initiative at McMaster University in Canada, it was decided to change the term "evidence-based medicine" to "evidence-based practice" (Mackey Bassendowski, 2017; Thom Eaves, 2015). In nursing, the beginning of evidence-based practice is linked to the reforms of nursing science and practice by the first nursing researcher, Florence Nightingale, from 1854 to 1910, although the term of “evidence-based practice” was not yet known at the time. The professional training of nurses as one of the leading health professionals is related to health policy and the development of nursing science. The European Qualifications Framework (EHEA) defines the expected learning outcomes for professionals with a bachelor's degree, including the skills to find, evaluate, reflect, and apply scientific information in practice (Bologna Working Group, 2005). Despite international and national recommendations, it is difficult for many higher education institutions to refine the steps of teaching evidence-based practice in nursing study programs. These difficulties are revealed by the ambiguity in the definition of the concept of evidence-based practice (Horntvedt et al. 2018).The problematic question is: What is the basis for integrating evidence-based practice training into college nursing study programs?The study is based on the scientific literature review.
REMOTE PRACTICAL ANATOMY CLASSES: NEW CHALLENGES AND DIRECTIONS FOR TUTORS
Authors: Kažoka Dzintra , Pilmane Māra
Published: May 2021

Human Anatomy tutors had to adapt to Covid-19 reality by restructuring their methods by teaching in spring – autumn in 2020 at the Department of Morphology. The aims of this study were to identify and understand the variety of solutions being utilized by tutors and to clarify new challenges and directions. The open-ended interviews were used to collect data from 15 Anatomy tutors. Thematic analysis, used to analyze the qualitative data, emphasized the tutors’ perceptions of remote practical anatomy classes’ efficiency. Tutors developed their action plans for online teaching and highlighted the preparation of new materials, adoption of new technologies and skills. Based on the results of the transition from face-to-face to online anatomy teaching, there were detected five thematic items that were related to tutors’ challenges. It was concluded that challenges that need to become a priority for tutors in online education concern mainly the special training courses, design of new models, video and/or online lectures, demonstration labs, practical classes, collegial contacts, technicians, IT-staff and colleagues support, consultation hours and communication. Future directions for tutors must be effective not only for increasing the quality of the Human Anatomy study process but also for the evolution of anatomy education.
DISTANCE LEARNING IN A PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Granichina Olga , Surikova Svetlana
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the possibilities, problems and prospects of using distance learning in the process of training primary and secondary school teachers. The presented results are based on a survey of students and undergraduates of one of the largest pedagogical universities in Russia. The identified problems that was based on data processing, are presented in an ordered form. The authors suggest possible solutions to problems based on many years of experience in using distance learning technologies in training of future teachers.
INTEGRATION OF CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING ELEMENTS IN THE EDUCATION OF NONLINGUISTIC SPECIALTY STUDENTS BY MEANS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Kotova Anna , Serdyuk Victorya , Avdieienko Iryna , Lenska Olena , Ivaniga Orina
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the problem of CLIL elements integration when teaching students of non-linguistic specialities. Main approaches to the definition of this teaching method are given. It is found that different authors consider CLIL as an educational approach, special education techniques, flexible curricular etc., the main purpose of CLIL methodology is to create the link between the study of the foreign language and the content of the students’ major discipline. The necessity of the IT implementation into the educational process has been substantiated (it allows to reduce the unproductive costs of the teacher's labour, gives students wide scope to a freely choose their own trajectory, increases the efficiency and objectivity of monitoring and evaluating learning outcomes, promotes individualization of educational activities, etc.).We have to use IT technologies as they help improve and diversify students’ work. Precisely, when working with students we often use Moodle platform as it provides unlimited opportunities for both students and teachers. It is found that Moodle platform allows developing reading, listening, writing, and grammar skills. Some examples of how to work using Moodle platform is given in the article. It is shown that such parts of Moodle platform as Chat and Forum are of great interest for both foreign language teachers and students. For those students who officially work or are ill, the Assignment module is of particular interest.
DETAILING AND GENERALIZING THE MOTIVES FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Notchenko Viktoriia , Dyatlov Yuriy
Published: May 2021

In the article, the authors paid attention to the issues of identifying and detailing the motives of students of higher educational institutions for scientific research during their studies. Based on the generalization of the opinions of the authors who participated in the development of this problem, and the results of their own research, the authors of this article at the initial stage of the study analyzed and summarized the conclusions of scientists about the totality and detail of the above-mentioned motives. Further, the authors of this article justified a holistic set of interrelated motives that encourage students to engage in scientific research in addition to their current academic and other activities. In the process of studying the motives, the authors identified factors that represent a generalized grouping of motives for students' scientific research. Grouped motives, considered as motivational factors, can generally be considered as forces that encourage students to engage in the type of activity under consideration, namely: scientific research.The motivation factors that the authors reasonably propose to consider as determining the motivation of students for research activities are: the need for self-realization; reflection; social utility; professional interest; remuneration; social interaction; satisfaction from the process and the result. Each of the factors is justified and logically connected with the corresponding motives. This grouping is presented in tabular form and, as mentioned earlier, contains the rationale for the elements included in it.The identified factors and related motives can serve as a basis for the development of a survey material to assess students ' motivation for research activities.
TOOLS FOR PERSONALIZED LEARNING-BASED TEACHER EDUCATION
Authors: Rutkiene Ausra , Kaminskiene Lina , Alisauskiene Stefanija , Milteniene Lina , Kazlauskiene Ausra , Siriakoviene Asta , Guðjónsdóttir Hafdis , Kristinsdóttir Jónína Vala , Wozniczka Anna Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

Changes in the education from a teacher-centered to a student-centered approach requires changes in schools and in teacher education. One of possible ways is personalized learning (PL). It is a new concept in many countries around the world. PL is closely related to individualized, differentiated learning, inclusive education principles (Abbot, 2014; EDUCAUSE, 2013). PL builds on an understanding of learner: individual development, seeking of personal goals, taking into consideration individual differences and inclusion. PL “challenges teachers to search for pedagogy and practices that will help them addressing diversity in their classroom” (Guðjónsdóttir, 2000, p.9). Different methods and tools (e-tools as well) might be used for PL such as digital storytelling, three step interview, e-portfolio. Paper presents theoretical analysis of links between aspects of effective learning (good knowledge of each student; shared teacher and student responsibility within the learning process; personal learner involvement, linking to individual motivation, experience, and aspirations; collaboration, participation and involvement in the learning process; effective use of information technology and other learning resources (Williams, 2013)) and methods/tools for PL.
APPROACHES TO THE LEADERSHIP IN EDUCATION
Authors: Rutkiene Ausra , Tandzegolskiene Ilona
Published: May 2021

The concept of leadership in education has been influenced by several disciplines: sociology, psychology, political science, economics, philosophy (Simkins, 2005, English, 2006). The development of the concept of leadership has also been greatly influenced by the analysis of organizational systems from a sociological perspective (English, 2006).The analysis of scientific literature shows that the concept of leadership in education is analyzed and presented by many authors from different points of view. Leadership in education is analyzed by emphasizing the position of administration and management, reviewing changes in the school system and leadership models that help to implement systemic changes in school, focusing on the learning process and curriculum development, emphasizing leadership in higher education, narrative, historical context, and meta-analysis.The results of the focus group with higher education staff show that leadership in higher education covers a wide range of activities: administration, management, teaching, research, supervision of final theses, decision-making in projects - basically sociological, political, administrative, philosophical aspects of leadership are incorporated.
‘E-TAP’ CURRICULUM FOR VIRTUE EDUCATION: A FIT ANALYSIS TO THE ‘SKOLA-2030’ CURRICULUM
Authors: Fernandez Gonzalez Manuel Joaquin , Elksne Gunita , Sidorova Anna
Published: May 2021

The virtue education curriculum ‘e-TAP’ is one of the recent efforts for improving character and virtue education at school in Latvia from preschool till grade nine. The objective of this research was to provide evidence regarding whether this curriculum is appropriate (‘fits’) to the Latvian context, in particular in reference to the Skola-2030 curriculum. Based on fit and feasibility theory, this work addressed the research question: “How does the treatment of virtues of the e-TAP curriculum fit to the treatment of virtues of the new Skola-2030 curriculum?”. The analysis used statistical descriptive frequency analysis of the virtues of each programme and comparative analysis between the two document sets included in each of them, using Excel software. The results show that Skola-2030 programme stresses performance and civic virtues, while the e-TAP programme underlines moral and intellectual virtues. Performance virtues are the most important ones in Skola-2030 (38 %), but account only for 17 % in the e-TAP curriculum. In addition, in Skola-2030 curriculum civic virtues account for 23 %, while in e-TAP they are only 8 %. In the e-TAP curriculum, moral virtues account for half of all the mentions (50 %) and intellectual virtues for 25 %, whereas in Skola-2030 those virtue groups account for 22 % and 18 %, respectively. The high ‘complementarity fit’ of both programmes suggests that the e-TAP curriculum could considerably enrich the Skola-2030 educational offer. Suggestions for e-TAP programme improvement and further research are put forward.
THE APPLICATION OF ATHLETICS TOOLS IN DUE TO DEVELOP SPEED OF SECONDARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Khanikiants Olena , Konestyapin Volodymyr , Rymar Olga , Yaroshyk Marta , Sorokolit Nataliya
Published: May 2021

The research is dedicated to searching of new tools for higher effectiveness of the application of athletic tools to develop speed of secondary school children. The goal of research is to prove theoretically and test experimentally the program for speed development of secondary school children (11-12 years) with priority use of athletic tools.To realize the goal such methods were applied: scientific theoretical, pedagogical observation, experiment, mathematical statistics methods. Boys are from 6 grades (11-12 years old) have participated. Pupils belong to main medical group. The results. There was elaborated and experimentally proved the program’s effectiveness. We have got statistically significant difference (p0.05), better results from experimental group of performing control exercises: “30m run (sec)”, “30m run from place (sec)”, “run at the place during 5sec (number of movements)”. One exercise has got better result from control group - “run at the place during 5sec (number of movements)”. We have performed evaluation of students’ speed development before and after the experiment. Amount of pupils with high level of competence has grown in exercises “30m run (sec)” for 13.3%, “60m run (sec)” for 20%, “shuttle run 4×9m (sec)” for 6.7%, “long jump from place (cm) for 13.3%.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIVIC FACTORS AND THE MIDDLE PROFICIENCY LEVEL OF CIVIC KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Čekse Ireta , Alksnis Reinis
Published: May 2021

This study explores the relationship between civic and citizenship factors and the middle proficiency level of students’ civic knowledge in the Baltic countries: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The study uses large scale data from the IEA’s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) 2016. According to ICCS 2016, 39% of students from the three Baltic countries and only 26% of students from the Nordic countries had a middle proficiency level of civic knowledge. This middle proficiency level is the largest group in comparison to other levels. Therefore, the study aims to recognise the differences between the highest and lowest achievements in the middle proficiency level of civic knowledge and to examine the relationship between factors such as background, values, behaviour, citizenship activities and attitudes. Multivariable linear regression was used for the data analysis, creating several models. The results show that there are different factors associated with the highest and lowest achievements in the middle proficiency level. For example, the results indicate that students with a lower proficiency level participated in illegal protest activities more often and had lower critical thinking skills. Moreover, the research investigates differences inside the middle proficiency level of civic knowledge and between the lowest middle-level students and students from the lower level of civic knowledge.
CONSCIOUS PARENTING IN UKRAINE AND FINLAND
Authors: Vorozhbit-Gorbatyuk Victoria , Volkova Yana , Shtefan Maryna
Published: May 2021

The current state of upbringing is characterised by a blurring of methodological foundations for understanding the spiritual basis of upbringing of a personality, and an exaggeration of the role of the rational component in this process. We can trace the lack of attention to the social nature of upbringing. The process of upbringing is often excessively individualised and isolated by the framework of a particular person, real living conditions, etc. Such an approach complicates social interaction at the level of personal communication and impedes the integrity of educational influences. The formation of conscious parenthood as a basic value of a civilised society can help to achieve this.A pedagogical retrospection on the valuable pedagogical experience of the past is chosen as one of the information blocks. The idea of developing moral feelings, will and responsibility is revealed through the traditions of Ukrainian folk pedagogy, pedagogical analysis of traditional rituals that accompany the stages of human maturation and are preserved in our time.It is important for Ukraine and Finland to realise that the ideal of education is created in the family circle and its basic values are inner spirituality, ethical responsibility, versatile education, open-mindedness, effective desire for the good of the Motherland, honesty, mercy, charity, gentleness, politeness, restraint, courage and patience in the hardships of life.As a promising direction for developing the issue of conscious fatherhood, we see the creation of opportunities for sharing experiences, forming family and community education traditions, sharing experiences of constructive cooperation between teachers and parents with team-building resources in the implementation of an individual child success programme.
THE IMPACT OF FAMILY AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS ON 4TH GRADE STUDENTS’ SELF-CONFIDENCE IN READING LITERACY: RESULTS FROM PIRLS 2016
Authors: Geske Andrejs , Kampmane Kristine , Ozola Antra
Published: May 2021

The self-confidence of a child and an adult is associated with performance and achievement results. It is well-studied, and the correlation has been proved that higher self-efficacy leads to higher achievements and performance, including better performance in reading literacy. It is also known that both a family and a home environment have a tremendous impact on the child’s development and academic performance. This article focuses on the 4thgraders and their family factor impact on the development of a child’s self-confidence and concepts related to self-confidence.The purpose of this article is to define concepts that are closely related to self-confidence and to identify family factors that influence students’ self-confidence. The research question is as follows: which family and individual factors impact students’ self-confidence in reading?Authors of the article used a linear regression and correlation analysis of the data from the IEA’s PIRLS 2016 study. The data from Latvia and seven countries of comparison were analysed.The results of data analysis showed that, in general, the 4th graders’ self-confidence in reading literacy is higher if they come from a household where a computer or a tablet with Internet connection is available and if students like to chat using a mobile device. Parents’ attitudes to reading and the students’ readiness for 1st grade promote higher self-confidence as well.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF STUDENTS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL AS A COMPONENT OF THEIR LEADERSHIP POTENTIAL
Authors: Kovalchuk Vasyl , Yermak Tatiana
Published: May 2021

The professional effectiveness depends on many factors, and good verbal communication skills, as a basis for productive relationships, mutual understanding and realization of goals and objectives of professional effectiveness as a way of self-improvement, self-realization and overcoming personal crises, are of great importance. The communication skills are basic ones in forming a leader. The concept of "communication skills" in the article is defined as the ability to communicate effectively, the ability to understand what the interlocutor means and be understood by them, the ability to negotiate, achieve their goals through communication. This type of skills performs many important functions in the personal development: provides psychological comfort, allows you to organize joint activities, meets the natural human need for communication, helps to assert itself, socially realize themselves. The success of a person in life depends on the ability to communicate. The personal success depends on the communication skills. Communication skills are important both for the social realization of the individual and for psychological life satisfaction. The article substantiates the problem of developing students' communication skills. The pedagogical conditions for the development of students' communication skills, including: creation of a favorable educational environment, application of a personality-oriented approach to learning, modeling of real professional communication conditions, are identified and substantiated. Information-communicative, regulatory-communicative and affective-communicative skills are singled out. To determine the level of development of these skills, we used the method of determining communicative levels of communicative and organizational tendencies: very low, low, medium, high. The study involved 196 students and 30 teachers of the educational complex of lyceum №157 in Kyiv.
THE FORMATION OF THE AESTHETIC ATTITUDE OF JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN TO FOLKLORE MEANS THE INTEGRATION OF THE ARTS
Authors: Ovchinnikova Alexandra , Sherstyuk Tatiana , Solovyeva Tatiana , Vitkovskaya Irina
Published: May 2021

The need to form the artistic and aesthetic attitude of children to folklore and to cultivate a love of popular culture actualizes the topic of the article.The purpose of the article is a theoretical justification for the possibility of integrating the arts as a means of forming the aesthetic attitude of junior schoolchildren to folklore; the development of a diagnostic apparatus (criteria, diagnostic techniques and levels) of the formation of the aesthetic attitude of children to folklore, the definition of the arts used in the training and their integration links.The authors propose the structure of the aesthetic attitude of children to folklore, the criteria of its formation (motives and needs of children to study folklore, imagery, verbalization, аbstraction, symbolism, metophorization describe the results of empirical research of the original level, the exact knowledge of which will contribute to an effective change in the aesthetic attitude of junior schoolchildren to folklore.The study is based on an analysis of philosophical and psychological-educational sources; empirical methods (pedagogical experiment, questionnaire, testing) and Methods of diagnosis of figurative and verbal development рersonality theory.The article provides examples of the judgments of junior schoolchildren, which led to the conclusion that, that children of experimental (EG) and control groups (KG) in general, show interest in the integration of arts and are at an average (61.5% EG, and 69.2% -KG) (23.1% - EG and 19.2% (KG) or low levels of the formation of aesthetic attitude to folklore. The findings suggest that further work is needed to develop this phenomenon.
VALUES SUPPORTING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN DIFFERENT PRACTICES
Authors: Galkiene Alvyra
Published: May 2021

This article analyses how fundamental values underpin educational practices that have emerged in the development of society and create the preconditions for the sustainability of inclusive education. Through the analysis of the scholarly literature, the expression of inclusive values in the application of approaches to integrated, individualised inclusive education and Universal Design for Learning is analysed. It has been established that the effectiveness of inclusive education is substantiated in practices which are based on real existing inclusive values: equity, equality, communality and respect for diversity. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the sustainability of inclusive education coincides with the real existence of inclusive values in practice, equally applying to all students.
APPLYING FLIPPED LEARNING APPROACH IN EFL CLASSROOM IN LIEPAJA CENTRE PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Bārdule Kristīne
Published: May 2021

Educational planning documents highlight the importance of differentiation of the learning process and improving individuals' competencies to fulfil complex tasks.  By a flipped learning approach, when the students acquire the new information at home, watching the instructional video, more time is devoted to the active learning process in the classroom, as a result of which the students have the opportunity to improve their competencies.Within this article's framework, a case study's data on using a flipped learning approach in teaching elementary school students are analysed. The study included fourteen 4th grade English as first foreign language students of Liepaja Centre primary school. The study was conducted in 2020 from 30 October till 27 November.The study's main objective is to analyse possibilities to differentiate the learning process according to students' individual needs and improve competencies using a flipped learning approach.The study found that teachers have an excellent opportunity to give students individual and useful feedback and differentiate students' work according to their individual needs. The study revealed that students have the possibility to improve competencies.It is useful to introduce teachers to the possibilities of a flipped learning approach to individualize the learning process and develop students' competencies as it is stated in education planning documents.
CORRELATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL FITNESS AND MOTIVATION FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Authors: Hamade Ali , Petrusenko Oleksandra
Published: May 2021

Information on the correlation of physical fitness indicators to indicators of motivation for physical activity (PA) in schoolchildren with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is very limited. The lack of such information makes it impossible to collect informative tests that best assess the level of РА literacy. It also hampers the effective identification of appropriate and effective means for the formation of РА literacy among schoolchildren with ASD. The study aims at comparing the levels of physical fitness and motivation for PA in children with ASD with their peers without disorders; determining the degree of correlation between physical fitness and motivation for physical activity in children with ASD. Data were collected from two Ukrainian samples: 18 children with ASD aged 11–13 years, and 30 children aged 11–12 years without ASD diagnosis. Results. Most of the correlation coefficients between the indices of physical fitness and motivation for РА in children with ASD (9/12) are reliable. This suggests that motivation to РА (defined by the CAPL-2 methodology) is an informative criterion of РА literacy of children with ASD. Significant correlations with motivation for РА in schoolchildren with ASD were observed in the results of two exercise tests.
CHILD VIOLENCE AGAINST PARENTS: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATIONS OF LIABILITY
Authors: Vanaga Sanita , Pumpuriņa Inga
Published: May 2021

Domestic violence is a cycle of various harassment in which the abuser can be any member of the family. Both media and research on domestic violence focus on the behaviour of adult family members, while there is a lack of research analysing child abuse, for example against their parents. The current legal framework establishes the procedure for bringing an abusive person to justice, however, the provided sanctions do not apply to a child being violent in case the offense is not of a criminal nature. The study presents the research in two parts, the first part, indicating the psychological and pedagogical aspects of the problem, and the second - the problem of the legal regulation of liability.The aim of the study was to analyse the regulatory framework, which determines the child's responsibility in cases of child-to-parent violence, to identify the problems of the legal framework and to develop proposals for the improvement of the legal framework.The study was developed interdisciplinary, performing the analysis of national and international legal acts, analysing statistical data and research on current issues. Analytical and descriptive method, grammatical, historical, teleological and systemic interpretation methods were used in the study.As a result of the research, a number of problems were identified. These were related to the identification of a child being violent, the rights and responsibilities of the family and society in cases of escalating violence, as well as the issue of taking responsibility for the child's violence. At the same time, it was concluded that cases of violence by children to parents are difficult to identify, which may be due to the parent-child relationship and ignorance of the parent's problem, resulting in a formal determination of the child's responsibility in case of violence. In turn, the legal framework should strengthen not only the procedure of holding the children responsible for their violent behavior, but also to call for interdisciplinary prevention of violence committed by children.
SOCIAL PEDAGOGICAL ASSISTANCE FOR STUDENTS WHO EXPERIENCE BULLYING SITUATIONS AT SCHOOL
Authors: Klanienė Ilona , Bražinskienė-Gružauskė Asta
Published: May 2021

The frequency of bullying and the consequences for the child's development encourage targeted social pedagogical assistance in Lithuanian schools. The article reveals the opportunities of social pedagogical assistance at school for students who have experienced bullying by peers. The results of the qualitative research (partially structured interviews with school leaders, social pedagogues, and class teachers) are presented. The analysis of the research results has revealed that the following social pedagogical support measures are applied at school: the provision of emotional support, consultations, social skills classes, work with parents, individual conversations  and etc.. The main difficulties identified by the informants in assisting students are the lack of parental cooperation, the passivity of teachers and a lack of staff competencies to deal with bullying situations. By increasing the possibilities of social pedagogical assistance at school, the informants offer to increase parental responsibility, improve pedagogues‘ competencies, cooperate with assistance organisations.
SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED – PSYCHOTHERAPY SESSIONS
Authors: Orska Rita
Published: May 2021

Long-term unemployment causes people to have marked social adaptation problems. All hope to find a job is lost. The person has accepted their status and is hardly looking for a job. Thus, there is no belief that anything could help. Social support for the long-term unemployed provides for a social service – psychotherapy sessions. The understanding that the unemployed have about this service differs. A psychotherapist’sattempts to motivate a client are not always successful. To provide effective social support to the long-term unemployed, complex systemiclong-term help is required, which can be provided by an interdisciplinary team.
EXPANDING THE UNDERSTANDING OF HEALTH AS AN INTANTGIBLE GOOD TODAY
Authors: Mazure Līga
Published: May 2021

In classical interpretation, health is defined as a subjective right to this intangible good, which is only characteristic of humans. However, it could be evaluated whether health as a relevant interest can be characteristic of any other subject, expanding the existing understanding of health. The modern legal system distinguishes between subjects with different levels of protection of their interests, i.e., the subjects of rights and the subjects of interests. And a trend is observed where health is also recognised as a category characteristic of the subjects of interests, adjusting the former understanding of the concept of health. Thus, by expanding the understanding of health, types of health can be distinguished according to the subject of interests, e.g., health of a legal person, health of a conceived person, etc., adapting the understanding of health to the criteria of the subject of interests. The research aim is to analyse the expansion of the understanding of health and suggest a division of the types of health in accordance with the modern legal system. The following primary research methods were used in the study: analytical, systemic, teleological.