bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Characteristics of Rotator Cuff Tissue in a Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Min Seung Gi , Kim Hun-Min , Kang Hae Rim , Choi Jin-Hyun , Lee Hyun Joo , Kim Kyung-Rock , Chung Seok Won , Yoon Jong Pil
Published: February 2022

This study evaluated the biomechanical and histologic characteristics of the rotator cuff tendon and muscle tissue with rat models with diabetes mellitus (DM) (group 1) and 30 male rats without DM (group 2). We conducted a time zero study without any additional procedures or external variables at 9 weeks after induction of the diabetic rat model. Thereafter, quantitative evaluation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was accomplished via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Fatty infiltration was investigated with Oil Red O staining, and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) value was studied with IHC. Grossly, the supraspinatus tendons of the group 1 rats were more friable and discolored (yellowish) than those of group 2. In the biomechanical analysis, group 1 rats showed significantly inferior ultimate failure load (
P
=.001) and ultimate stress (
P
=.02). Group 1 was significantly inferior to group 2 in terms of total histologic scoring (
P
<.001). Mean AGE levels were significantly higher in group 1 (
P
<.001), as determined by IHC. In evaluating fatty infiltration, the degree of Oil Red O staining was significantly higher in group 1 (
P
<.001), but there was no significant difference in PPAR-gamma value between the 2 groups (
P
=.14). The intact rotator cuffs of rats with DM were associated with inferior biomechanics in association with AGE accumulation and increased fatty infiltration, as confirmed by histologic examination The hyperglycemic state caused by DM is associated with rotator cuff tendon degeneration. [
Orthopedics
. 2022;45(3):e154–e161.]
The Effect of Academic Nurse Leaders' Toxic Behaviors
Authors: Hudgins Tracy , Brown Kimberly D. , Layne Diana , Maggard Stephens Teresa
Published: February 2022

Background:

A growing nursing faculty shortage, despite recruitment and retention efforts, is negatively affecting the nursing shortage. This study explored the relationships between academic nurse leaders' (ANL) toxic behaviors, job satisfaction, and anticipated turnover, and identified specific behaviors that affect faculty members' intent to stay.

Method:

A descriptive, correlational, mixed-methods study was conducted using a convenience sample of nursing faculty (
N
= 58). Participants completed the Toxic Leadership Scale, the Anticipated Turnover Scale, and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire Short-Form and also answered two open-ended questions.

Results:

Moderate negative correlations between toxic leadership and intrinsic satisfaction, extrinsic factors, and general satisfaction were revealed, as well as specific behaviors causing faculty to want to leave.

Conclusion:

Increased awareness about the nature and influence of ANL toxic behaviors is needed to effectively address toxic behaviors and promote ANL accountability. Results indicate faculty are more satisfied in their role when ANL demonstrated open, honest, and transparent communication.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(2):88–92.]
The Multilingual Condition and EFL Paradigms in Moroccan Higher Education
Authors: Brigui Hind
Published: February 2022

This chapter investigates the beliefs and perceptions of Moroccan EFL university students and professors towards the use of L1 in the multilingual English classroom. It also delves into how such L1 use is enacted into the classroom depicting when and for what purposes. This study was of a mixed method using both qualitative and quantitative approach. For this purpose, two different instruments were employed to collect the relevant data: an interview and a questionnaire. Subjects of the study consist of 476 randomly selected EFL university students and a sample of 20 EFL university professors. Results show that though the attitudes of the teachers and the students about using L1 were different, still, all participants assumed having used L1 for specific reasons.
The Multilingual Classroom in Translator Education
Authors: Seidl Eva
Published: February 2022

This chapter focuses on a specific multilingual and multicultural classroom. It addresses translation and interpreting-oriented language learning and teaching (TILLT) for future translators and interpreters. This particular form of tertiary level language learning and teaching is looked at from the perspective of higher education pedagogy by stressing the value of students' insights, experiences, and perspectives on academic language learning and teaching. The purpose of the chapter is to make a case for engaging students as partners in learning, teaching, and in classroom-based research.
Establishing Trust in E-Commerce Through Website Design Elements
Authors: Shaouf Abubaker A. , Lu Kevin
Published: February 2022

It is expected that website design can lead to online trust, although research that systematically examines such a relationship is little. In addition, far too little attention has been paid to understand the effect of website design on e-trust across gender. In this study, therefore, three elements of website design (visual design, information design, and navigation design) are examined for their effect on consumer trust in e-commerce. Using data collected from 532 online shoppers , the overall model was first tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The research model was then tested for each gender group separately. The results of the study indicated that website design is an important factor in establishing trust in e-commerce. Our results further revealed that website information design is more important to males than females in forming e-trust, while website navigation design is more important to females than males in forming e-trust. However, website visual design was found to be a key driver of e-trust for both males and females.
Mathematical Models for an Energy Intensive Multistage Roasting Process of Pelletized Industrial Waste from Apatite-Nepheline Ores
Authors: Bobkov Vladimir I. , Chernovalova Margarita V. , Sokolov Andrey M.
Published: February 2022

In this article, we describe mathematical and computer models for the complex, energy-consuming, multistage, integrated chemical and power engineering processes of calcination and sintering of pelletized industrial waste from apatite-nepheline ores, accumulated in the dumps of mining and processing plants. The models take into account the negative effect of vitrification and the subsequent destruction of pellets in case the operating temperature condition in the high-temperature roasting zone of indurating conveyor furnaces is violated during the implementation of these thermally activated processes. Experimental and analytical methods have been developed for the analysis of integrated, thermally activated processes in a dense multilayer mass of pellets obtained from apatite-nepheline ores waste, taking place in indurating furnaces. The possibility of complex phenomena accounting for polymorphic transformations, chemical reactions in solid phases, reactions involving a liquid phase, as well as the formation of new phases and solid solutions as a result of reactions, must be considered when modeling these processes. This analysis makes it possible to increase the strength of pellets during sintering and the degree of calcination as a result of carbonates dissociation, as well as to detect and use the potential of increasing energy and resource efficiency in a complex, environmentally safe, chemical and power engineering system for the processing of industrial waste of apatite-nepheline ores from dumps of mining and industrial plants.
Studying the Structure and Properties of the Material of Screws for Spinal Osteosynthesis
Authors: Nikolaeva Elena , Chapyshev Alexander , Spitsyn Alexey
Published: February 2022

Metallic materials most suitable for the manufacture of polyaxial transpedicular screws have been analyzed. Choosing titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V for their manufacture has been justified. When developing the screw design, the requirements for these medical products have been considered. The screws were manufactured on high-performance equipment. During the manufacture, the optimal tool material and cutting part geometry have been chosen. The surface was superfinished and anodic oxide coated. Modern measuring equipment was used to control the product quality and geometric parameters. The manufactured polyaxial transpedicular screw prototypes are not inferior in quality to their foreign analogs. The manufacturing technology proposed allows minimizing the labor intensity of production and 3-6 times reducing the cost of finished products.
Roller Drawing of Simple Profiles from Hard-to-Form Alloys
Authors: Radionova L.V. , Sarafanov A.E. , Siverin O.O.
Published: February 2022

This paper presents constructions of roller dies have been proposed, which make it possible to produce wire of simple and shaped profiles with a diameter of 0.5 to 12.0 mm. Technological solutions for the production of a hex profile S = 2.2 mm from a billet of hard-to-form alloys AISI 316, AISI 304, Ti3Al5Mo5V of various diameters are shown. To increase the service life of the dies, the rollers made of heat-treated steel of the X162CrMoV12 grade are recommended to be strengthened by applying a functional coating made of WC-10Co-4Cr alloy on the working surface by detonation sputtering followed by melting of this layer with a laser. Studies carried out on the samples showed a sevenfold increase in wear resistance in comparison with similar ones subjected only to the traditional for X162CrMoV12 heat treatment in the form of quenching and tempering.
Change in Mechanical Properties During Drawing of Wire from Ni 99.6
Authors: Radionova L.V. , Lisovskiy R.A. , Svistun A.S. , Erdakov I.N.
Published: February 2022

This paper presents the results of a study of changes in mechanical properties, namely tensile strength, yield strength and elongation when drawing a wire from NP2 nickel (Ni 99.6). The wire samples taken along the drawing route were tested for tension. Based on the test results obtained, graphs of changes in tensile strength, yield strength and elongation were plotted depending on cold work. The approximation of the graphs made it possible to obtain equations for the change in tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (0.2 US) and elongation (δ) depending on cold work (ɛ∑). The obtained dependences are recommended to be used to predict the mechanical properties of nickel wire during drawing and when developing software for designing resource-saving drawing routes.
Structural robustness of life satisfaction scale of pre-service teachers in Nigeria
Authors: Akinboboye Joseph Taiwo , Ayanwale Musa Adekunle
Published: February 2022

This paper investigated the structural robustness of the Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS) among Nigerian Pre-service Teachers. The study anchors on scale development research type of non-experimental design. Participants were selected randomly, totaling 509. The adopted instrument titled satisfaction with life scale with content validity index of 0.84 and ordinal alpha reliability of (α=0.75) aided in gathering data for the study. Obtained data were analysed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and concurrent validity (that is equating with Rosenberg Self Esteem scale), respectively. The results showed that a single trait was evident in the scale, with Eigenvalues of 2.41, 0.97, 0.64, 0.53, and 0.44. Also, the CFA indicated a good fit to the data with compliance indices. A significant positive correlation of the LSS with the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (r=0.83, P<0.05) indicated acceptable concurrent validity. Similarly, LSS maintains its strict invariance regarding gender. The authors concluded that there was psychometric confirmation for a unitary structure of LSS in Nigeria, and since the two scales produced high correlations, the validity of LSS is referred to as concurrent. Therefore, it was recommended that LSS be used to complement scales that emphasise emotional well-being since it accesses an individual’s conscious evaluative judgment of his or her life using personal criteria.
Nexus of Emotional Intelligence (EI), need for affiliation (naff), integrating style of conflict resolution: A case study of dispute resolution among undergraduates in Sri Lankan state universities
Authors: Dissanayake W.D.M.B.K. , Kodagoda D.T.D.
Published: February 2022

Emotions and motivational desires play a significant role in human behaviour. Accurate comprehension and management of those factors influence the behaviour of people. University undergraduate disputes are a heading in many mainstream dialogues in the county. Yet many have looked into it, disregarding the emotional and motivational components. The selection of conflict resolution mechanism mainly depends upon the conflicting party's motivational desire and emotions, but it is unexplored in the Sri Lankan context. Thus this study was conducted to understand how the nexus of motivational desire (i.e., Need for Affiliation (nAff)) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) influence the selection of conflict resolution styles (i.e., behaviour) among undergraduates to bridge the prevailing gap. A survey conducted involved the participation of 388 undergraduates from ten (10) state universities. The measurements were; EI - Wong and law EI scale, nAff - Unified Motive Scales (UMS), conflict resolution styles (integrating style) - Rahim’s Organizational Conflict Inventory-II. Moderated multiple regression analysis (hierarchical multiple regression) was applied to test the hypothesis. The results signify that emotionally intelligent people prefer to use an integrating style to resolve conflicts. Further, motivational desires, i.e., nAff (moderating variable), enhanced the relationship between EI and selecting an integrating style to resolve conflicts. It indicates that those emotionally intelligent and highly needed affiliations tend to choose a more productive and collaborative conflict resolution approach such as integrating style. Students' emotional intelligence (EI) levels will rise due to opportunities to strengthen their relationships and EI development programmes. That leads to selecting more productive conflict resolution approaches such as integrating style to manage student conflict better. Future researchers could enhance the study by adding personality, values, and cultural elements to the model.
Food and feeding habits of wild guppy (Poecilia reticulata), in natural water bodies of Sri Jayewardenepura canal system, Sri Lanka
Authors: Pethiyagoda P.D.R.S. , De Alwis S.M.D.A.U. , De Silva B.G.D.N.K.
Published: February 2022

Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) is a small freshwater fish belonging to the family Poeciliidae, first introduced to Sri Lanka in 1928 and used to control malaria mosquito vectors during 1940-1950. The present study investigates the food and feeding habits of wild guppy. The six locations identified for sampling between January 2016 and December 2017 were: Attidiya, Bellanwila, Rattanapitiya, Nawala, near Parliament Grounds, and Jayewardenepura Hospital. Once a month, water and fish samples were collected from each sampling site and sent to the lab for analysis (n=216; n=2160). The researcher measured the Total Length (TL), Total Width (TW), and the weight of fish with an accuracy limit of 1mm and 0.1mg, respectively. Under the microscope, the food items in the dissected stomach were identified using the standard keys and counted using a Sedgewick-Rafter cell to calculate the percentages. Female fishes were larger than males, and the average mean of body length value was 24.56 ± 5.46 mm (range: 15-35 mm) in females and 20.19 ± 2.75 mm (range: 15.0-24.5 mm) in males. Mean body weight of females and males were recorded as 0.174 ± 0.105 g (range: 0.026- 0.382 g) and 0.075 ± 0.021g (0.024- 0.11 g) respectively. Guppy has consumed most of the food items available in water (freshwater debris). Their feeds mainly consisted of freshwater debris (41%), phytoplankton (24%), zooplankton (21%), unidentified insect parts (12%), and adult mosquito parts (2%). The guppy is an omnivore, and in the wild, they feed on a combination of animal and plant-based meals.
Impact of COVID-19 on US dollar exchange rate in Sri Lanka: A time series analysis
Authors: Karunathilaka H.S. , Dharmadasa H.K.T.D. , Kumarasinghe K.K.M.H. , Premarathne W.
Published: February 2022

The exchange rate is considered a key financial variable that affects the decisions of exporters, importers, investors, bankers, tourists, and policymakers in developed and developing countries. Exchange rate fluctuations determine the international reserves, international investment portfolios, the competitiveness of exports and imports, and the costs incurred by tourists. Understanding the behaviour of exchange rates is important for developed and developing countries to formulate and modify economic policies. Therefore, this research studies the influence of COVID-19 on the USD sell exchange rate in Sri Lanka using a time series analysis. The study was conducted using daily exchange rates from 19 November 2019 to 18 October 2020, and it attempted to obtain the best ARIMA model: AR(1), AR(6), AR(14), AR(27), MA(3), MA(8), MA(11). Finally, the USD sell exchange rate has been forecasted from16 October 2019 to 31 January 2021
The current role of Cobalt-60 teletherapy in cancer care
Authors: Ramanathan V.
Published: February 2022

Cobalt-60 teletherapy for cancer treatment is becoming less common. It is due to advances in Linac technology, such as beam collimation, conformal radiation therapy, and intensity modulation. Despite this, most developing countries rely on Cobalt teletherapy because of low prices, scarcity of skilled medical professionals, and uncomplicated treatment procedures. The goal of this study was to see how Cobalt teletherapy is used in cancer care around the world right now - the IAEA-DIRAC database to gather information for this investigation. Nearly every country has some radiation facility in the DIRAC areas. Other data gathered for all countries in DIRAC regions included the number of teletherapy machines and each country's population and income group. For every DIRAC region (high income, upper middle income, lower middle income, and low income), this chart information shows how many megavoltage treatment units are currently available. Within each income bracket, linear accelerators and Cobalt teletherapy machines were distributed in 2006, 2013, and 2020, respectively. Around the globe, there are currently 1766 Cobalt teletherapy units available, or 12.7% of all available external beam radiotherapy machines. The majority of Cobalt teletherapy units located in developing countries are about to 86 percent. Megavoltage machine per million people varies widely around the world. Currently, there is a 0.12 to 9.11 megavoltage machine per million population range available, which is supplemented by 0.04 to 1.41 from Cobalt teletherapy. Even though there is a declining trend, the use of Cobalt teletherapy is unavoidable in low- and middle-income countries to manage the increasing number of new cancer cases..
Plant Regeneration System for Osbeckiaoctandra (L.) DC: A Valuable Medicinal Plant
Authors: Nagahatenna D.S.K. , Peiris S.E.
Published: February 2022

Osbeckiaoctandra (HeenBovitiya), which is one of the most valuable ayurvedic medicinal and ornamental plants in Sri Lanka, is now threatened due to its overexploitation from their natural habitat. In order to produce high quality, disease-free and genetically identical plant materials in large scale, we developed a highly efficient in vitro clonal propagation system using leaf explants. The effects of three different concentrations of plant growth regulators (6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), kinetin and incubation conditions on plant regeneration were investigated. Plant growth parameters were analyzed in 15 biological replicates using one-way ANOVA. Present study revealed that the highest number of shoots per leaf explant with 92.4% shoot induction rate was achieved when young mature leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L NAA and incubated under dark conditions. When microshoots were separated and subcultured onto hormone-free MS medium containing high sugar content (4%), rapid shoot multiplication and a vigorous root development was detected under light conditions. The in vitro grown plantlets were successfully acclimatized and 89% of the regenerated plantlets survived. Our novel clonal propagation system will open new avenues for mass propagation of O. octandra plants for the pharmaceutical industry and improving their medicinal and ornamental characteristics through biotechnological tools.
Association among Depression, Social Anxiety, and Aggression caused by Cyberbullying on Facebook among Sri Lankan Adults
Authors: Gunathillake N.A. , Perera H.K.
Published: February 2022

Cyberbullying has become a growing social concern as electronic platforms provide perpetrators an alternative medium through which they can easily target their victims from any place, at any time. The present study aimed to investigate whether depression, social anxiety, and aggression were significantly related to cyberbullying perpetration on Facebook among Sri Lankan adults. A cross-sectional, nonexperimental study was conducted using 168 Sri Lankan Facebook users between the ages 21 and 60. Data were collected using an online survey. Cyberbullying perpetration on Facebook, depression, social anxiety, and aggression were assessed using the Prevalence of Facebook Bullying Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10), Interaction Anxiousness Scale, and Brief Aggression Questionnaire respectively. Results of the Spearman correlation analysis revealed that depression and aggression were significantly and positively correlated to cyberbullying perpetration, while there was no significant correlation between social anxiety and cyberbullying perpetration. The findings of the present study provide insight into the importance of addressing the psychological and behavioural issues of perpetrators using appropriate interventions in order to reduce the occurrence of cyberbullying. The study also emphasizes the importance of reporting the incidents of cyberbullying and taking necessary legal actions against the perpetrators.
Mattia di padre ignoto, la procreatica e le sfide prometeiche
Authors: Fiori Angelo
Published: February 2022

Non disponibile
Local knowledge in inclusive education policies in Africa: informing sustainable outcomes
Authors: Ohajunwa Chioma O.
Published: February 2022

Background: This article presents on the outcomes of a study that focused on an analysis of inclusive education (IE) policies in South Africa, Ghana and Uganda. Persons with disabilities live within communities and are raised by the values that apply within their communal context. Policymaking is intricately linked to policy implementation, and the inclusion of local knowledge strengthens policy influence, impacting on implementation processes.Objectives: This research study explored the definition and foci of inclusion, whether local knowledge is included and how it is represented within the national inclusive education policy in South Africa, Ghana and Uganda. This study reports on the outcomes of the second objective on inclusion of local knowledge.Method: A qualitative, critical, interpretative and constructivist approach was utilised for the study. Data were gathered through a desktop review and in-depth, individual interviews.Results: There is inclusion of some local knowledge within the national policies; however, this is minimal and insufficient. Participants argue that even when it is included, it is often embedded or implied, that local knowledge should be made more prominent within inclusive education policies as local knowledge is a community resource that supports policy implementation.Conclusion: The inclusion of local community knowledge and ways of knowing within inclusive education policies is viewed as a critical and an integral aspect of policymaking. It will help to address the challenges of stigma and negative attitudes, promoting a continuity of knowledge that supports local values and well-being of children with disabilities and their communities.
Post stroke health-related quality of life, stroke severity and function: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Hartley Tasneem , Burger Marlette , Inglis-Jasiem Gakeemah
Published: February 2022

Background: Health related quality of life (HRQoL) is a determinant of physical, social and emotional well-being post-stroke.Objectives: This study aimed to correlate self-reported HRQoL with activities of daily living (ADL) and stroke severity.Method: A longitudinal observational study was conducted at a rehabilitation centre in the Western Cape, South Africa. Stroke inpatients were sampled over 6 months. The Euro-QoL Five Dimensions instrument (EQ5D-3L) for self-reported HRQoL, Barthel Index (BI) for function and independence in ADL, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) for stroke severity were administered on admission and discharge. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.Results: Of the 54 potential participants, 49 met inclusion criteria and 41 completed reassessments (median age 48 years [interquartile range {IQR} 39–60]; median length of stay 53 days [IQR 46–60]). Most participants had infarctions (89.90%); with hypertension or diabetes risk factors (73.47% and 28.57%, respectively). The BI and mRS scores improved significantly (p 0.001) with very strong correlation between scores (rs = -0.874, p 0.001); indicating a trend of decreased stroke severity as function improved. The EQ5D Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores (p 0.001) and domains mobility, self-care, usual activities (p 0.001) and pain/discomfort (p = 0.034) improved significantly. The anxiety/depression domain showed a non-significant change (p = 0.378). A weak negative significant correlation existed between EQ5D VAS and mRS scores (rs = -0.362; p = 0.02); indicating a trend that HRQoL was not improving to the degree stroke severity decreased. A weak positive significant correlation was seen between EQ5D VAS and BI scores (rs = 0.329; p = 0.036).Conclusion: Although an improvement was noted in HRQoL, EQ5D VAS scores tended not to improve as strongly, despite significant improvements in function and stroke severity. These findings demonstrate the need for psychological support and pain management interventions for adjustment post-stroke.
Linking the processes of medication administration to medication errors in the elderly
Authors: Nicholson Emerentia C. , Damons Anneleen
Published: February 2022

Background:Older people are more prone to chronic diseases than younger ones and typically receive multiple medications. Medication rounds in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are usually lengthy, with most errors occurring during the administration phase. How nurses apply medication administration processes can affect resident outcomes.Aim: To determine the processes of medication administration followed by nurses in LTCFs as self-reported by them to identify possible factors associated with medication errors.Setting: Twenty-eight LTCFs for the elderly in the Western Cape province, South Africa.Methods: A non-experimental cross-sectional descriptive design was applied, using a quantitative approach. A stratified sampling method obtained equal samples of nurses from funded and private LTCFs, thus N = 123 respondents. Data collection was via self-administered questionnaires. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS27) was used for descriptive and inferential analysis.Results: Nurses’ self-reported medication errors such as the sharing of medication between residents (83%), the omission of doses (64.8%), neglecting to sign after medication administration (57%), and medication administered at the wrong time (50.8%). Frequent interruptions during medication rounds were the most common reason for medication errors (75.6%).Conclusion: Multiple medication administration process errors were self-reported by the nurses. LTCFs should provide mandatory medication training, monitor the adherence to correct medication administration procedures, and implement risk-management strategies.Contribution: The identified factors associated with medication errors during medication administration processes can assist with developing risk management strategies and policies in the LTCFs and improve evidence-based practice and resident outcomes.
Normal, post-normal and new normal: A theology of hope in John 20:1–29
Authors: Thomaskutty Johnson
Published: February 2022

This article re-reads John 20:1–29 to foreground the normal, the post-normal and the new normal realities within the Johannine resurrection narrative. The narrator of John demonstrates the normal situational aspects by taking into consideration the setting, characterisation, thematic development, point of view and plot development of the story in closer relationship with the temporal and spatial mechanisms. The ordinary, local and existent realities are expressed to reveal the colourless human experiences in relation to the divine aspects within the narrative framework. The resurrection of Jesus introduces a post-normal situation within the Sitz im Leben Jesu and the Sitz im Leben Kirche. The post-normal situation was introduced by placing the story of Lazarus at a strategic place (Jn 11:1–45) and thereafter by unfolding the essentials such as speed, scope, scale and spontaneity. The unfolding of the divine within the existential human realities created a post-normal situation where the Johannine community had to undergo expulsion and persecution from the side of the dominant structures. The narrator gives the reader a hope about a new normal situation above and beyond the existent struggles of the Johannine community.Contribution: This article presents a new perspective concerning the normal, the post-normal and the new normal realities and dynamism within John 20:1–29 and suggests a new way forward in interpreting the Fourth Gospel by taking into consideration the existential aspects of the COVID-19 and Omicron pandemic situations. As a contextual and theological interpretation of the Fourth Gospel, this article fits well within the scope of HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of Solitary Inguinal Mass
Authors: Sarkar Sujata , Saha Maitrayee , Chaudhuri Tamohan , Roy Shravasti
Published: February 2022

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a “histiocytic” disorder with a spectrum of presentations often with different names having confined a bone, overlying skin, and local lymph nodes or having multiorgan involvement. It is characterized by clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells, which have typical grooved nuclei and tennis racquet-shaped Birbeck’s granules. It is more common in children below 10 years. It is more common in men with M:F is 2:1. Bone is the most common site of involvement. Among lymph nodes, cervical chain is most commonly involved and inguinal lymphatic chain involvement is rarely seen. Diagnosis requires histopathological confirmation. Histopathology shows proliferation of dendritic cells expressing high levels of Langerin, a lectin required for the formation of Birbeck granules. It is positive for CD1a, Langerin, S100, CD68, and vimentin. Here, we are reporting a case of LCH of solitary inguinal mass, localized to unilateral pubic bone, overlying skin and inguinal nodes, in a 35-year-old man. Our aim is to discuss about the investigations leading to diagnosis of this rare entity, LCH; its treatment with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, which led to complete response and patient is disease free even after 4 years of treatment.
Vaccination against COVID-19 among People Living with HIV
Authors: Chaudhuri Sirshendu , Tarugu Jayanthi , Koni Kiranmayi , Udayasree Kodakinti , Hema Kurugundla
Published: February 2022

Background:

Vaccination against COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH) infection is crucial. At present, evidence lacks to strategize vaccinating the hesitant PLWH. This study has estimated the proportion of PLWH vaccinated till October 2021, enumerated the various adverse events following vaccination, and identified the enabling and constraining factors associated with vaccination.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among PLWH by the snowball sampling in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics and qualitative analyses.

Results:

Two-hundred and forty-seven PLWH responded, out of which 52 (20.7%) were yet to be vaccinated. Seventy-five (30%) participants reported having adverse events, out of which five (7%) had pain at the injection site, and 72 (96%) had systemic reactions. Fever (n = 51, 68%), dizziness (n = 23, 31%), and joint pain (n = 23, 31%) were the major systemic reactions. Among the vaccinated, motivation by the health-care workers and village volunteers were the major enabling factors. On the contrary, uncertainty about the vaccine effects, negative feedback from the health-care workers, and lack of self-motivation were the important constraining factors in taking the vaccines.

Conclusion:

Some PLWH are still hesitant to take the vaccine. Evidence generation, coupled with community mobilization, is required to upthrust the vaccination campaign in achieving the herd immunity against COVID-19.
ARC technique – An innovative method to assess true defect in postburn contracture release
Authors: Sarabahi Sujata , Ananda Murthy K. T. , Arumugam Praveen Kumar , Babu Mula Rohit
Published: February 2022

Most commonly, skin grafts are used to resurface the raw areas resulting after the release of postburn contractures but in the extensively burned patient, donor sites may be limited. There is no accurate technique described in literature for the assessment of the true defect preoperatively. We describe a technique to accurately assess the true defect which helps to determine the amount of skin graft required preoperatively.
A comparative study of the effect of electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of persons suffering from treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Ramasubramanian Vikhram , Mathumathi S. , Rajendhiran Gopi , Bijulakshmi P. , Kannan M.
Published: February 2022

Background:

About 20%–30% of persons with major depression are said to have treatment-resistant depression (TRD) when they do not respond to antidepressants. These people continue to suffer in life and have poor quality of life. Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most successful option in treating TRD, many people refuse ECT due to various reasons (stigma, the cost involved, and medical complications). Various studies combine treatment options such as psychotherapy, repetitive trans magnetic stimulation, ketamine, and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in an attempt to reduce symptoms for those people suffering from TRD. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of ECT and tDCS in TRD.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 90 persons suffering from TRD were selected for the study. 46 persons received 6 ECTs and 44 persons received 10 sessions of tDCS. Treatment response was measured using baseline and postassessment scores of Hamilton depression rating scale and clinical global impression. The scores were used to determine the effectiveness of ECT in comparison to tDCS in TRD.

Statistical Analysis:

The mean ± standard deviation was analyzed and paired t-test was used to find the significance of treatment outcome in a group at a 95% confidence interval.

Results:

ECT was found to be more effective than tDCS in the reduction of depressive symptoms. tDCS showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms (P < 0.001). ECT has yet again been proven to be effective in the treatment of TRD.

Conclusion and Discussion:

tDCS is effective in reducing depressive symptoms in persons suffering from TRD. However, ECT is superior in decreasing depressive symptoms in TRD when compared to tDCS.
Protocols involved in training allied ophthalmic personnel and setting up ocular microbiology laboratories in peripheral centers
Authors: Gandhi Arpan , Sabharwal Shalinder
Published: February 2022

One of the most important causes of corneal blindness in our country is infective keratitis (IK). IK blinds at least 1.5 million eyes every year in the world; and its projected that India alone will have 0.6 million people blind due to IK by 2020. From studies describing it as a 'silent epidemic', to others referring to it as an 'ophthalmic emergency', IK is a problem which can not be ignored in a world of growing antibiotic resistance. The detailed protocols involved in setting the Ocular Microbiology set up and training staff would involve the core requirement in combating IK is to have targeted treatment specific to the causative microorganisms. This is possible when corneal scraping and microbiology work up is done for all patients presenting with IK. All eye hospitals and ophthalmologists should set up protocols for integrating microbiology services in their practice. We have been following the below training method and trained over 50 people from secondary centers, ophthalmic clinics and institutes. Before we thought of going ahead with this we had the consent and the ownership of the management to do so and they felt it was the need of the hour for such training protocols to be defined and implemented. We categorized the process into Capacity building, Infrastructure and Implementation and quality monitoring. The training also included Antibiotic Sensitivity. The process and reporting both were explained in detail. Also on how it was clinically relevant was explained.
Chemical injury with “packet of chunna” (lime) in children
Authors: Sen Pradhnya , Tripathi Prerana , Mohan Amit , Agarwal Khushboo , Shah Chintan , Parmar Gautam Singh , Sen Alok
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of the study is to report the hazardous effect of chunna packet (lime) on ocular surface in terms of pattern of presentation and visual outcome in children.

Materials and Methods:

Children of age <16 years with definitive history of chemical injury with chunna packet were analyzed. Ocular chemical injury was graded according to Modified Roper Hall grading system. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and anterior segment examination evaluation were compared at time of presentation and at 3 months and categorized on the basis of WHO visual disability classification. Likelihood ratio of BCVA with time of presentation and grade of injuries were calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results:

Eighty eyes of 74 children with a history of ocular burns resulting from lime were included in the study. Of these, 6 patients had bilateral burns. Mean age at the time of injury was 8.44 ± 4.29 years. Many children presented late after 3 weeks of injury (n = 24, 32.4%). The most common grade of injury was Grade 4 (n = 31, 38.8%). Clinical presentations were corneal haze (55%), limbal ischemia (65%), lime particle in fornix (36.2%), corneal scar (33.7%), and symblepharon (22.5%). Surgical intervention was advised in 54 eyes (67.5%) in the form of amniotic membrane grafting, symblepharon release, limbal stem cell transplantation, and tectonic keratoplasty. Mean BCVA at presentation was 1.65 ± 0.99 and at 3 months was 1.39 ± 1.03.

Conclusion:

Grade of injury and time of presentation were strongly associated with visual outcome in cases of chemical injury with chunna packet.
Pattern of uveitis in general Ophthalmology practice
Authors: Gajapati Charushila V. , Shetty Akash Belenje , Pooja K. V.
Published: February 2022

Aim:

The aim of this study is to describe the pattern of uveitis in a General Ophthalmology Clinic in North Karnataka.

Materials and Methods:

Case records of uveitis seen from June 2015 to December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Data regarding the patients' age, sex, anatomical location of the disease, and etiology were analyzed.

Results:

A total of 119 records were reviewed. The mean age at the presentation was 40.4 years with a male preponderance. The majority of unilateral cases had anterior uveitis. We could establish a specific diagnosis in 63.9% of cases. The most common noninfectious etiology was spondyloarthropathy causing anterior uveitis (19.3%) and tuberculosis causing posterior uveitis is the most common form of infective etiology (12.9%).

Conclusion:

Our study revealed that anterior uveitis of noninfectious etiology is more frequently encountered by general/comprehensive ophthalmologists. In our region, the most common cause of anterior uveitis was spondyloarthropathy, whereas infectious etiology must be considered in posterior uveitis, and the most common etiology in our region was tuberculosis.
A Clinical Study of Internet Gaming Disorder in Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Sachan Praveen , Arya Amit , Singh Shweta , Gupta Pawan Kumar , Agarwal Vivek , Gupta Vishal
Published: February 2022

Objectives:

The severity of different internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptoms criteria has not been explored much. The study describes the phenomenology of IGD in adolescents with comorbid psychiatric disorders attending child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient department (OPD).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 46 adolescents aged 13–16 years, who have attended child and adolescent psychiatry OPD, of a tertiary care teaching hospital for psychiatric disorders, with a history of gaming and who fulfilled criteria as per the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) for IGD have been included. All the adolescents have then assessed using semi-structured pro forma, internet gaming disorder scale (IGDS), and K-SADS-PL.

Results:

In the study sample, the most common IGDS criterion was “conflict” and the least common criterion was “tolerance.” The IGDS mean score of “conflict” was the highest while of “displacement” was the least. “Escape” and “deception” were significantly higher for females. “Displacement” was significantly higher for urban domicile and online mode of gaming. “Persistence” was significantly higher for those who were gaming on personal devices and playing Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs). Psychiatric disorders associated with IGD were ODD (46.66%), dissociative disorder (24.44%), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 17.77%), and depressive disorder (11.11%). Phenomenology of IGD was comparable across all psychiatric comorbidities, except subjects with dissociative disorders, who had significantly higher scores for “escape” than for ADHD and depression. Furthermore, subjects with ODD had significantly higher scores for “displacement” than the subjects with dissociative disorder in terms of IGDS scores.

Conclusion:

Significant differences in the severity of DSM-5-IGD symptoms criteria are found in terms of gender, domicile, gaming genre (MMORPGs), accessibility of smartphones, online/offline modes of gaming, and the associated psychiatric comorbidity.
Preprocedural Mouth Rinse in COVID-19 Era - Chemical and Phytotherapeutic Approach
Authors: Gautam Surbhi , Shirolkar Supreet , Ahamed Sk Ejaz , Banerjee Sucharita , Pal Ashit Kumar , Bagchi Somen
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 has impacted the dental services majorly, and there have been some major changes in the dental treatment protocols. As the dental treatment mostly involves the production of aerosols, dentists and dental patients are at high risk of acquiring and transmitting the virus. To reduce the transmission of SARS CoV-2 through aerosols, preprocedural mouth rinse has been recommended. The use of mouthwashes can help in reducing the viral load. The aim of the present review is to discuss different mouthwashes having virucidal action against COVID-19 virus.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Dental Interns, House-Staff, Post Graduates, and Faculty of Dental Colleges in Kolkata City Toward Toothbrush Maintenance and Disinfection
Authors: Shirolkar Supreet , Gautam Surbhi , Gayen Khooshbu , Sikdar Rajib , Bag Anisha , Sarkar Subir , Roychowdhury Somen
Published: February 2022

Background:

Toothbrush is essential for removing dental biofilm and preventing dental caries and periodontal disease. Toothbrushes become contaminated after repeated use, so disinfection is necessary for tooth brush maintenance. It is critical that dentists should have a current understanding and perception of toothbrush contamination and disinfection.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice among the dental interns, house staff, postgraduates, and faculty of the dental colleges in Kolkata city regarding toothbrush maintenance and disinfection.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among interns, house staff, postgraduates, and faculty of dental colleges in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The data on oral health knowledge attitude practice (KAP) were collected using a self-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was evaluated in the form of frequencies and percentages.

Results:

A total of 138 participants responded to the survey. Knowledge regarding toothbrush disinfection was found to be in 84% of the participants with maximum in house staff with 75%. Majority of the participants will prefer chlorhexidine as solution of disinfecting the toothbrush. Ninety-seven percent of the participants think that the toothbrush disinfection is necessary for everybody.

Conclusion:

The majority of interns surveyed had no idea how to keep their toothbrushes clean. Despite being aware of the issue, some participants did not disinfect their toothbrushes. Education on how to use and maintain a toothbrush effectively would help to improve the KAP for toothbrush maintenance and disinfection.
Omega-3 supplementation in postviral olfactory dysfunction: a pilot study
Authors: Hernandez A.K. , Woosch D. , Haehner A. , Hummel T.
Published: February 2022

Background: This study aimed to examine whether omega-3 supplementation would support olfactory recovery among postviral olfactory dysfunction patients. Methodology: Patients with postviral olfactory dysfunction were included in this non-blinded, prospective pilot study. Structured medical history was taken from the patients, including the following: age, sex, history of COVID-19 infection, and duration of symptoms. Patients were randomly assigned to receive olfactory training only (control group) versus olfactory training with omega-3 supplementation (treatment group). All patients exposed themselves twice a day to four odours (phenyl ethyl alcohol [rose], eucalyptol [eucalyptus], citronellal [lemon], and eugenol [cloves]). Olfactory function was measured before and after training using “Sniffin’ Sticks”, comprised of tests for odour threshold, discrimination, and identification. The average interval between olfactory tests was 3 months. Results: Fifty-eight patients were included in the study, 25 men and 33 women. Generally, an improvement in olfactory scores was observed. Compared to the control group, the improvement in odour thresholds was more pronounced in the omega-3 group. Age, sex, and duration of symptoms had no effect on olfactory scores among both control and treatment groups. Conclusion: Overall, the present results indicate that omega-3 supplementation may be an option for adjunct therapy with olfactory training in patients with postviral olfactory dysfunction.