bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The lower storeys of main tree species in deciduous pioneer tree stands of fertile sites: case of Lithuania
Authors: Šilingas Marius , Šilingienė Gerda
Published: October 2022

Forest ecosystems face challenges of climate change and the pressure of economic activity on biodiversity. As European policies turn into Green Deal, ecological forestry systems, which aim to increase or at least not reduce biodiversity while maintaining high forest productivity, are becoming particularly relevant. This study examines distribution regularities of the lower storeys of main tree species in fertile not wet habitats of forest communities composed of pioneer deciduous tree species, the understanding of which will allow the development of forestry systems that exploit the natural forest regeneration potential. We used stand-wise forest inventory data on Betula spp., Populus tremula, Alnus incana mature and overmatured stands. We analysed how lower storeys are distributed in the stands of different tree species according to soil conditions, the age, stocking level and mixture. We found that most of stands are not in the second story and understory, from which new stands can be formed. Betula forests have the greatest potential for regeneration, and Alnus incana forests have the lowest one. The most important species of the second story and understory is Picea abies, rarer Fraxinus excelsior and Tilia cordata, other species are more random. With an increasing forest mixture, the second story and understory are found more often. To reduce clear-cutting in the fertile forests of pioneer tree species in forestry, we need to focus on measures to allow the development of lower storeys of the major climax tree species. Keywords: ecological forestry, forest succession, fertile site type, pioneer tree stands, temperate hemiboreal forests.
Pemeriksaan hewan kurban di Kota Manokwari, zona hijau wabah penyakit mulut dan kuku
Authors: Sambodo Priyo , Widayati Isti , Nurhayati Dwi , Baaka Alnita , Purwaningsih  , Palulungan John A. , Arizona Rizki , Noviyanti  , Inriani Noveling , Suawa Elfira K. , Rumetor Sientje D. , Wajo Muhammad J.
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT 
This activity aims to determine the health status of the sacrificial animals in the Manokwari City Region with the status of a green zone for the FMD outbreak based on antemortem and postmortem examinations. The activity was carried out on 93 Bali Cattle which were divided into 6 mosques in Manokwari Regency. The examination consists of antemortem and postmortem examination by inspection, palpation and incision. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and presented in percentages and figures. In 2021-2022, there will be no cattle traffic entering the West Papua Region. The percentage of BCS of sacrificial animals slaughtered this year is as follows: #2: 8.82%; #3: 11.76%; #4: 64.71; #5: 14.71%. Body temperature: 36.10oC – 37.50oC. The locomotion, facial expressions, respiration, eye mucosa and anus condition as well as muzzle and mouth conditions, hoof conditions and body surfaces in all the sacrificial animals did not change. Carcasses and organs did not change or were normal, except for the liver (32.53% had fasciolosis) and the rumen (35.09% had paramphistomosis) and there were no symptoms of FMD. Conclusion: all sacrificial animals deserve to be slaughtered and their meat consumed, except for some of the liver and rumen and not infected with FMD. 
Keywords: Fasciolosis; Manokwari; Paramphistomosis; PMK; Sacrificial
 
ABSTRAK 
Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status kesehatan hewan kurban di Wilayah Kota Manokwari yang berstatus zona hijau wabah PMK berdasarkan pemeriksaan antemortem dan postmortem. Kegiatan dilakukan pada 93 ekor Sapi Bali yang terbagi di 6 masjid di Kabupaten Manokwari. Pemeriksaan terdiri atas pemeriksaan antemortem dan postmortem dengan cara inspeksi, palpasi dan sayatan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam persen dan gambar. Pada tahun 2021-2022, tidak ada lalu lintas ternak sapi masuk ke Wilayah Papua Barat. Persentase BCS hewan kurban yang disembelih pada tahun ini adalah sebagai berikut: #2: 8,82%; #3: 11,76%; #4: 64,71; #5: 14,71%. Suhu tubuh: 36,10oC – 37,50 oC. Alat gerak, ekspresi muka, pernafasan, mukosa mata dan keadaan anus serta kondisi moncong dan mulut, kondisi tracak dan permukaan tubuh pada semua hewan kurban tidak terdapat perubahan. Karkas dan organ-organ tidak mengalami perubahan atau normal, kecuali pada organ hati (32,53% mengalami fasciolosis) dan rumen (35,09% mengalami paramphistomosis) serta tidak terdapat gejala PMK. Kesimpulan: seluruh hewan kurban layak dipotong dan dikonsumsi dagingnya, kecuali sebagian hati dan rumen serta tidak terjangkit PMK.
Kata kunci: Fasciolosis; Kurban; Manokwari; Paramphistomosis; PMK
OBRISI SUMATRAIZMA U MISTIČNOJ NOVELI „LUNAR“ JOSIPA KULUNDžIĆA
Authors:   Institute for Literature and Arts, Belgrade, Tešić Iva
Published: October 2022

The paper deals with a comparative reading of Lunar - the marginalized novelist debut of Josip Kulundžić and The Journal of Čarnojević - a paradigmatic work of Serbian avant-garde literature. The aim of the paper is to point out the literary coordinates that are important for understanding Kulundžić’s novel (Kulundžić’s explicitly and implicitly expressed poetic considerations, as well as the author’s review of Crnjanski’s Journal of Čarnojević), which pro- vide the basis for recognizing sumatraistic elements in this novel. Bearing in mind that in the period after the First World War, various forms of regard “Kulundžić’s mysticism” and Crn- janski’s Sumatraism as poetically and ideologically related concepts, representing a specific “incarnation of the longing for the unity of everything that lives and feels” (J. Kulundžić).
INTERNACIONALNI MOTIV ZMAJEUBISTVA U JAPANSKOM MITU I LEGENDI
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philology, Vasić Danijela
Published: October 2022

Systematic comparative studies of international significance indicate that there are con- siderable similarities between ideas, beliefs, and customs of various nations, even in the tradi- tions of geographically distant countries with completely different cultural, religious, historical, and social background. One of these links is the dragon-slaying motif, which appears in myth and folklore. This paper deals with a comparative analysis of different narrative types, in which the international motif of the duel between a hero and a supernatural being is stylized. Despite the differences, these plots generally have common elements, such as: a monstrous devouring serpent/dragon that is taking control over the water; a hero arriving from afar; slay- ing the monster and rescuing a virgin offered to the monster as a human sacrifice; marrying the rescued girl. In Japanese culture there are such heroe, too. In legends, even a woman can be a dragon-slayer. The mythical dragon-slayer is the God of storm and natural forces, Take Haja Susanoo. He demonstrates all the characteristics of a trickster in the Heavenly sphere through destroying and even causing death. However, with his descent into the earthly sphere, his good qualities are emphasized. One of his achievements includes the very slaying of the monster − Yamata no Orochi, and setting his potential victim free. In the Japanese myth, we discover links with related tales from distant cultures, even from these regions. Thus, for example, such heroes of Serbian folk tales fight dragons. We can find the most famous Chris- tian dragon slayer in Christian hagiographic legends. Saint George shows the characteristics of mythical and legendary heroes, saves the emperor’s daughter from a beast , as well as the whole kingdom.
APOKALIPSA U POETICI NIKA KEJVA: OD TUPELA DO ŽENEVE
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Cvijanović Igor
Published: October 2022

Apocalypse in Nick Cave’s lyrics is at the center of their poetic potential or a way of con- textualizing the narratives. As a transgressive artist, Nick Cave uses meaning and symbolism in order to transcend, erase or bend restricting categories that determine reality. His apoca- lypse merges freedom and chaos to generate a grotesquely playful world. The aim of this paper is to examine how apocalypse is used in Nick Cave’s poetics. The paper focuses on his lyrics in which apocalypse is the key element of his poetic creation. The overview of the songs is chronological, starting from “Tupelo” to “Higgs Boson Blues”, which offers a glimpse into the evolution of Cave’s perception of apocalypse in his poetry: from the vengeful Old Testament God to the modern spiritual wastelands of the information age.
INTERTEKSTUALNO ČITANjE DRAME „ŽUDNjA“ SARE KEJN
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology and Arts, Pavićević Jovana
Published: October 2022

According to Aleks Sierz (2001: 118), Sarah Kane’s Crave needs four different reading strat- egies to fully uncover its meanings. This paper takes one of those strategies – an intertextual reading – to examine the play’s echoes of R. W. Fassbinder, Martin Crimp, and T. S. Eliot. Fassbinder’s play Pre-Paradise Sorry Now, Crimp’s play Attempts on Her Life, and Eliot’s poem The Waste Land enable Sarah Kane to combine materials – forms, sources, messages, sounds, dialogues and solos – into a complex dramatic structure that unsettles the plot-and-character conventions of realism. De-individualized characters, marked only by the letters A, B, C, and M, reveal the presence of Pre-Paradise Sorry Now and Attempts on Her Life – they allow Kane to use fragmentary lines of action to explore how power is organized and shared within a social group. The analysis shows that Eliot’s narrative poem The Waste Land is the principal influence that ‘guides Crave in both form and content’ (Saunders 2002: 102). In addition to the wasteland motif, Kane employs Eliot’s rhapsodic impulse to combine disparate patches of text and dramatic, epic and lyrical elements into a never-ending flow of voices.
DE/RE-STRATIFIKACIJE KAO MODERNE TEHNIKE RESTAURACIJE: FONDAZIONE QUERINI STAMPALIA (VENECIJA, 1963) KARLA SKARPE
Authors: Pješivac Željka
Published: October 2022

The study investigates the theoretical approach toward the restoration of the Fondazione Querini Stampalia in Venice by Carlo Scarpa, moving between phenomenology and ontology of space, time, and matter, theory of text/narrative, cultural analysis, and arts (architecture and painting). The main hypothesis of the study is that Carlo Scarpa, using the techniques of stratification, destratification, and restratification, transgresses the three classical principles of conservation/restoration: the principle of reversibility, universality and objective truth. In other words, stratification (and the accompanying de/re-stratification) for Carlo Scarpa is not only a method of constructing space interested only in scientific forms of knowledge and dis- covering the objective truth of a building, but, above all, an aesthetic and embodied procedure that takes the role of the sensory and bodily evocation of the tradition and culture of Venice in the present. From the classical restoration interest “for the object”, Carlo Scarpa moves on to the interest “for the subject” (users of the space of this building). In the historical, philo- sophical, and theoretical context, the study refers to the research of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Richard Murphy, Anne-Catrin Schultz, and Salvador Muñoz Viñas.
MACBETH Tabanlı Bulanık MARCOS Yöntemi ile Bir Tekstil İşletmesi için Ürün Grubu Seçimi
Authors: ERCAN Emel , KUNDAKCI Nilsen
Published: October 2022

Tekstil işletmeleri hızlı değişen sektör dinamizminde ve artan rekabet ortamında hayatta kalabilmek için hem üretecekleri ürünlere doğru karar vermeli hem de üretimlerini gerçekleştirirken maliyet, hammadde temini, kapasite doluluk ve hata oranı kriterlerini optimum şartlarda sağlayabilmelidir. Bu çalışmada, Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemlerinden MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation TecHnique) ve bulanık MARCOS (Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to the COmpromise Solution) yöntemleri birlikte kullanılarak bir tekstil işletmesi için üretilecek ideal ürün grubu belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Üretilecek ideal ürün grubu seçiminde dikkate alınan maliyet, hammadde temini, kapasite doluluk ve hata oranı kriterlerinin ağırlıklarının belirlenmesinde MACBETH yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. İşletmenin yoğun olarak en fazla ürettiği dört ürün grubu alternatifinin değerlendirilmesinde bulanık MARCOS yöntemi kullanılmış ve tekstil işletmesinde üretim parametrelerinin optimal şekilde yönetilebilmesi için en uygun ürün grubu belirlenmiştir.
Nutrition therapy in the older critically ill patients: A scoping review
Authors: Lee Zheng-Yii , Loh Carolyn Tze Ing , Lew Charles Chin Han , Ke Lu , Heyland Daren K , Hasan M Shahnaz
Published: October 2022

Introduction: There is a lack of guidelines or formal systematic synthesis of evidence for nutrition therapy in older critically ill patients. This study is a scoping review to explore the state of evidence in this population.
Method: MEDLINE and Embase were searched from inception until 9 February 2022 for studies that enrolled critically ill patients aged ≥60 years and investigated any area of nutrition therapy. No language or study design restrictions were applied.
Results: Thirty-two studies (5 randomised controlled trials) with 6 topics were identified: (1) nutrition screening and assessments, (2) muscle mass assessment, (3) route or timing of nutrition therapy, (4) determination of energy and protein requirements, (5) energy and protein intake, and (6) pharmaconutrition. Topics (1), (3) and (6) had similar findings among general adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Skeletal muscle mass at ICU admission was significantly lower in older versus young patients. Among older ICU patients, low muscularity at ICU admission increased the risk of adverse outcomes. Predicted energy requirements using weight-based equations significantly deviated from indirect calorimetry measurements in older vs younger patients. Older ICU patients required higher protein intake (>1.5g/kg/day) than younger patients to achieve nitrogen balance. However, at similar protein intake, older patients had a higher risk of azotaemia.
Conclusion: Based on limited evidence, assessment of muscle mass, indirect calorimetry and careful monitoring of urea level may be important to guide nutrition therapy in older ICU patients. Other nutrition recommendations for general ICU patients may be used for older patients with sound clinical discretion.

Keywords: Critical care nutrition, geriatric patients, intensive care medicine, older adults, scoping review
The relationship between parenting and sexual behavior in adolescents
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Health Polytechnic of Jakarta I, Jakarta, Indonesia, Widagdo Wahyu
Published: October 2022

Adolescence is a period where sexual development begins, therefore adolescent experience unstable emotions with sexual behavior. This causes adolescents to tend to engage in irresponsible sexual behavior. Therefore, parents have a very important role, in this case applying the right parenting style to the development of adolescents. The 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey reported that around 4% of young men had experience of having sexual relations before marriage, namely young men aged 15-19 years. This study aims to analyze the relationship between parenting and sexual behavior in adolescents by using a cross sectional design and the number of samples is 116 adolescents. Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed through the google form. The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between parenting and sexual behavior in adolescents with value = 0.005, value = 0.05 (ρ < α). In this research, the researcher would like to recommend to the next researcher to continue the research by using multivariate analysis to process the data.
The Availability and Adequacy, and Level of Importance of the Facilities and Services Offered by Hotel Fragaria: An Input for Partnership Program
Authors:   Lyceum of the Philippines University, Manila, Florida S Rosario,
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to examine, evaluate and standardize the facilities and service quality of Hotel Fragaria based on its accommodation classification to provide an avenue for the researchers to create a project proposal for an extension service and will be proposed as a related learning venue for Bachelor of Hospitality Management students' outcomes-based education program as an actual learning experience. The researchers employed both descriptive and inferential statistics in utilization in the analyses of the data. The descriptive part includes the computation of the mean to describe the level of availability and adequacy as well as the level of importance of the services and facilities of the five areas of Hotel Fragaria. The researchers made used of structured questionnaire based on the Department of Tourism National Accommodation Standards in data gathering for the in-house guests’ respondents and convenience sampling was used in the data collection. The results of the study shows that “public areas” were rated the highest-level while “food and beverages” the lowest. However, regardless the observed differences, the ratings for all the listed facilities are descriptively interpreted as “available and adequate” .In terms of the level of importance, all facilities are deemed “extremely important”. The correlation between the level of availability and adequacy, and level of importance of such facilities and services. It can be observed that the correlation coefficient is significantly different from zero only for the case of the facilities “guestrooms” and “food and beverages.” Specifically, the level of availability and adequacy is positively but weakly related to the level of importance under “guestrooms” and “food and beverages.
Tourism and Social Development Strategy in Algeria after the CoronaPandemic- The Case of El Tarf City
Authors:   Chadli Ben Djedid University – El Tarf, BENHAMZA Houria
Published: October 2022

This article deals with the tourism development strategy and the Corona crisis, and what this pandemic has left on jobs, to social and hotel services in Algeria, especially in El Tarf, and the disruption of many projects with a local development endeavor, which necessitated the adoption of a new strategy by travel and tourism agencies to cover the deficit and to face the crisis, And that is by its orientation towards exploiting digital technology, virtual space, tourism media and encouraging local tourism as an alternative to facing this crisis after the Corona epidemic.
Prospects of Criminal Effort for Communities in Investing Using Financial Technology
Authors:   3Lecturer Of Faculty Of Law, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Retnowati Anny , Christiani Theresia Anita ,   3Lecturer Of Faculty Of Law, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Hartono Yohanes ,   3Lecturer Of Faculty Of Law, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Chundrat Haroly ,   4 Student of Post Graduate of Law , Faculty of Law, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: October 2022

There are many losses experienced by the community due to investment activities that use financial technology. Legal facts show that non-litigation and civil litigation efforts have not been able to implement the legal objectives. The purpose of this study is to find the answer whether criminal legal remedies can the aggrieved party take in investing using financial technology to realize the value of benefits for legal purposes. This research is a normative juridical research. The results of the study indicate that criminal law efforts can implement legal objectives, if there is adequate competence from the police, prosecutors and judges regarding investment and financial technology.
Students’ Awareness of Human Rights Education at Higher Secondary School level
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Ravenshaw University,College Square Cuttack Pin 753003, Odisha, Bobby Binjha Praveen
Published: October 2022

Human rights education is an integral part of the right to education. The concept of human rights is about knowledge of rights and freedom with respect for the right of all. Education is also a right of every single individual and it is a necessary tool to empower, and develop skills and attitudes, to promote equality, dignity, and respect for all. Human rights education provides a fair understanding of the structure of injustice on the basis of cultural, economical, and social discrimination at various levels of caste, gender, etc. Possibly the knowledge of own rights enhances the sense of self and respect for all. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the levels of awareness of these rights amongst students of higher secondary school levels. The study followed the descriptive survey design method and stratified random sampling techniques were adopted to select the sample. A self-developed awareness scale and focus group discussion were used to collect data. The data were analyzed by using simple percentile and content analysis. The findings of the study indicated that many of the students are aware of fundamental human rights while limited awareness about the right to education as a human right and its provisions. The study recommended that programs should be organized to create awareness of human rights education and the role of various organizations in the protection of the right of a human. Because human rights education could create opportunities to raise critical questions on the violation of rights related to a child, education, injustice, etc.
Proteção dos dados pessoais: impactos da Nova Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados no Instituto Federal do Tocantins
Authors: Leal Junior Wilmar Borges , Cordeiro Suzane Aparecida , De Aquino Leal Alexis Vinicius
Published: October 2022

A coleta de dados pessoais por meios digitais tornou-se comum. É quase impossível acessar algum sistema sem antes realizar um cadastro, seja no setor privado ou no público. O presente trabalho tem como tema central a gestão dos dados pessoais no poder público frente à Nova Lei Geral de Proteção de dados – LGPD. A escolha do tema surgiu da necessidade de mapear, compreender e conhecer a importância da adequação da nova lei no setor público. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a LGPD sob a ótica do direito e da tecnologia da informação, examinando os sistemas web utilizados no Instituto Federal do Tocantins – IFTO. Além disso, demonstrou-se o potencial de efetividade da Lei no âmbito institucional e a exemplificação de hipóteses de transgressão da Lei e suas consequências jurídicas. A pesquisa baseia-se em um estudo bibliográfico e na revisão da literatura para identificar as produções acadêmicas a respeito do tema ligadas ao setor público, na área de ensino, com a realização de revisões bibliográficas, compreendendo assim a dimensão da discussão acerca do tema. Muitos desafios irão surgir ao longo da adequação do fato à norma. Empresas publicam e manipulam diariamente dados e registros. Contudo, os primeiros passos para a efetiva proteção se mostram perceptíveis à medida que as instituições públicas e privadas buscam o melhor entendimento da Lei, aplicando-a em seu ambiente corporativo, uma vez que, tendo em vista a vigência da norma, a atuação para conformidade deve ser imediata.
Impactos do Programa Brasil Mais nas empresas da Região do Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina
Authors: Krumenauer Elizione , Hupalo Leandro
Published: October 2022

O Programa Brasil Mais, uma parceria entre o Serviço Nacional de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (Sebrae), o Ministério da Economia e o Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), é uma iniciativa voltada ao desenvolvimento de pequenas e médias empresas brasileiras. O foco do programa é aumentar a produtividade e reduzir os custos das empresas que são atendidas pelo Agente Local de Inovação (ALI), que aplica a metodologia do programa, junto ao empresário, num período de quatro meses e acompanha seus resultados. O presente estudo analisou os impactos gerados na atuação do ALI do Programa Brasil Mais na Região do Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina e avaliou as taxas de crescimento do faturamento de 61 empresas atendidas nos anos de 2020 e 2021. A pesquisa adotou uma abordagem quantitativa, apresentando os resultados através de uma análise de dados coletados via formulário eletrônico e tratados com o recurso da estatística descritiva. Como resultado, entre as variáveis analisadas, evidenciou-se que o percentual de aumento do faturamento apresentou relação positiva com a aplicação da metodologia, elevando-o em 38%. Para futuras pesquisas, sugere-se a aplicação da metodologia em amostras maiores, em diferentes contextos culturais e organizacionais, visando a uma ampliação dos resultados.
The Conduct of “Price Undertakings” and “Interim Reviews” in the Anti-Dumping Regime of South Africa [Discussion of Casar Drahtseilwerk Saar GMBH V International Trade Administration Commission (66248/2014) 2020 ZAGPPHC 141 (14 February 2020)]
Authors: Vinti Clive
Published: October 2022

The administration of anti-dumping investigations is the sole mandate of the International Trade Administration Commission (“ITAC”). This investigation has two stages, the preliminary and final investigation stages, which are accompanied by investigation reports at each stage. The investigation can be terminated or suspended after the preliminary investigation if the offending exporter ceases exports to the Southern African Customs Union (“SACU”) at the dumped prices or revises its prices such that ITAC is satisfied that injurious dumping has been eliminated. Twelve months after the publication of the final determination in the original investigation or the previous review, interested parties can request an interim review of the duty if there are significantly changed circumstances. It is these two aspects of dumping investigations that were the subject of litigation for the first time in South African law in Casar Drahtseilwerk Saar GMBH v International Trade Administration Commission (66248/2014) 2020 ZAGPPHC 141 (14 February 2020). This note assesses the novel approach employed by the court in readily construing these aspects of the anti-dumping investigation in South Africa in accordance with the jurisprudence on the Anti-Dumping Agreement. This approach is commendable in light of the ambivalent attitude of South African courts towards the country’s obligations in terms of the multilateral agreements of the World Trade Organization, despite the promulgation of local legislation to comply with these obligations and the constitutional injunction to prefer any reasonable interpretation of the legislation that is consistent with international law over any alternative interpretation that is inconsistent with international law.
Local Government and the Conundrum of Constitutional Competencies in South Africa: The Tussle Between City of Tshwane Municipality and the Gauteng Health Department Over Ambulance Services
Authors: Fuo Oliver
Published: October 2022

Local government’s autonomy in post-apartheid South Africa is constitutionally guaranteed. A reading of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 shows that local government, made up of 257 municipalities, has a wide range of powers and functions. However, confusion over the scope of constitutional distribution of powers and functions vis-à-vis other spheres of government often constrains the ability of municipalities to take action over a function not expressly assigned to local government in Schedules 4B and 5B of the Constitution. The squabbles between the City of Tshwane and the Gauteng Health Department over the power to provide ambulance services in March 2021 show how some municipalities may be hamstrung from taking action that seeks to operationalise and deliver a function that is not expressly conferred on local government in terms of Schedules 4 and 5 of the Constitution. This article discusses why and how municipalities with the requisite capacity should be able to provide ambulance services, although this is listed in Schedule 5A of the Constitution as a functional area of exclusive provincial legislative competence. I argue that three features in the Constitution give the power to provide ambulance services to municipalities that have the requisite capacity: the framing of health rights and concomitant obligations; the incidental powers of municipalities; and the principle of allocative subsidiarity. It is argued that, given the mandatory wording of the principle of allocative subsidiarity in sections 156(4) of the Constitution and 32(2) of the National Health Act 61 of 2003, where a provincial health department is averse to assigning the provision of ambulance services to a municipality that has the requisite capacity, such a municipality can approach the High Court for an order compelling the department to assign this function.
Blood is Thicker Than Water, but is It Thicker Than Ink? An Analysis of Parenthood and Sperm Donor Agreements in the Wake of QG V CS (32200/2020) 2021 ZAGPPHC 366 (17 June 2021)
Authors: Shozi Bonginkosi , Hazarilall Roasia , Thaldar Donrich
Published: October 2022

The recent case of QG v CS (32200/2020) 2021 ZAGPPHC 366 (17 June 2021) concerns a sperm donor who applied to the court for parental responsibilities and rights in respect of a child conceived with his sperm. This is despite the fact that he had concluded a written agreement with the child’s legal parents before the child’s conception which stipulated, inter alia, that he would have no such responsibilities and rights in respect of the child. The ruling of the High Court in this case is a significant development in South African reproductive law, as the first case that deals with the legal position of a sperm donor with regard to a donor-conceived child. The following important legal principles that were laid down in the case are identified and analysed. First, there is no prohibition on a sperm donor or his family members from approaching the court in terms of section 23 or 24 of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005 to acquire parental responsibilities and rights in respect of the donor-conceived child. However, if a sperm donor or his family members bring an application in terms of section 23 or 24, they cannot rely on their genetic link with the donor-conceived child. Secondly, sperm donor agreements are in principle legal and enforceable, but the court is not bound to enforce provisions dealing with parental responsibilities and rights if it is of the opinion that such provisions are not in the best interests of the child. A sperm donor agreement may, however, be informative regarding the parties’ intentions. Criticism is expressed about the way in which the court dealt with the issues of the locus standi of donors and the psychological evaluation of donors and recepients where known donors are used.
Associated with the drinking water from centralized drinking water supply systems priority factors for deterioration of health of the population in the Russian Federation
Authors: Alekseev Vadim B. , Kleyn Svetlana V. , Vekovshinina Svetlana A. , Andrishunas Alena M. , Glukhikh Maxim V.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The population should be provided with qualitative drinking water that is also epidemiologically safe. This is the most vital task to solve in securing sanitary-epudemiological welfare of population in any country. The purpose of the study was to identify harmful factors that affect public health when people consume tap drinking water from centralized supply systems and to perform their hygienic assessment. Materials and methods. The study involved using data from statistical reports published by Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor (Form No. 18)) and data provided by the Federal information fund of social-hygienic c monitoring collected in 2012-2021. Additional disease cases and deaths that were associated with water quality were calculated based on mathematical modelling of relationships within the “indicators of water quality - health disorders” system. Results. The study showed that in 2021 in the Russian Federation as a whole approximately 1.54 million disease cases were caused by poor quality of drinking water including violations of hygienic standards as by certain indicators. Health disorders were registered as per such nosology categories as “diseases of the digestive system”, “endocrine diseases”, “infectious and parasitic diseases” etc. Priority factors that cause additional diseases cases and deaths include chlorine and its organic derivatives, some metals such as iron, manganese, nickel, and boron. Microbiological agents also make a substantial contribution to medical and demographic losses. At the same time, a number of diseases cases associated with drinking water quality went down by more than 14% against 2012; a number of deaths decreased by 6.2%. Limitations of the study. Initial data are rather specific since they describe only the period from 2012 to 2021; all the established relationships between health and indicators of water quality have been determined based on regional data. Conclusion. Improvement of water quality requires implementing several priority activities. Water treatment faculties and pipelines should be modernized; a list of monitored indicators that describe water quality should be optimized (enlarged) considering incidence and mortality among population as per categories of nosologies associated with drinking water quality.
Digital technologies in the tasks of managing the sanitary-epidemiological situation at the level of the subject of the Federation
Authors: Goryaev Dmitry V. , Tikhonova Irina V.
Published: October 2022

The relation of tasks of managing the sanitary and epidemiological situation at the regional level to the storage, transmission and analysis of large data arrays determines the relevance of their digitization for data transformation and computational operations. Purpose: to use digital technologies for processing dynamic spatially distributed information to optimize management decisions regarding the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population. Methods: system and mathematical analysis, geoinformation analysis, forecasting, online consulting, computing technologies. Results. Using the example of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, digital technologies were used to assess, analyze and optimize the sanitary-epidemiological situation at the regional and municipal levels (55 municipalities, 2.9 million people, 40 thousand production facilities, 19 classes of diseases and causes of death, about 10 years of observations, 50.0 thousand health studies, etc, a total of 1.5 billion units of information). The territorial distribution of the total risk of causing potential harm to the health of the population has been quantified with geoinformation binding, and a shift in priorities towards the location of the activities of economic entities has been revealed. The zones of aerotechnogenic impacts on the population were digitized, the maxima of the spread of diseases associated with the risk of harm to the health of the exposed population were estimated. There are obtained digital parameters of models of dependence of morbidity of the population on the total risk of harm to the health of the population formed by subjects of various types of aactivity. With the use of digital technologies, at the regional level there is substantiated an effective model of the system of socio-hygienic monitoring, based on the combination with risk-oriented control and supervisory activities. Their optimal interaction in relation to the sanitary-epidemiological situation is ensured by a cyclical interconnected planning process that eliminates zones of excessively high or unacceptably low intensity of observations. Limitations. The results of the conducted research on the use of digital technologies for processing dynamic spatially distributed information for the assessment, analysis and optimization of the sanitary-epidemiological situation are applicable only in the territories of federal districts, regional and municipal levels of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The potential for optimizing the sanitary-epidemiological situation at the regional and municipal levels is quite high. Digitalization provides efficiency, high accuracy, and selection of scenario management decisions to minimize risks to public health.
Corporate health preservation programs are the main element of the health-saving system of the working population
Authors: Zheglova Alla V. , Yatsyna Irina V. , Gavrilchenko Daria S.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Risk management is one of the main directions of occupational health at the present stage. At the same time, the analysis of factors affecting human health is an important component of this process. Many scientific papers have been devoted to the study of the health status of industrial workers, showing priority etiological factors contributing to the development of both occupational and chronic non-infectious pathology. Much less attention is paid to the study of the causes and consequences of health disorders of social workers, who make up a significant part of the able-bodied population. The purpose of the research is to develop modular corporate programs for industrial and social workers using scientifically based differentiated approaches. Materials and methods. The study of working conditions, socio-demographic factors, lifestyle characteristics, morbidity of nine hundred forty seven employees of various professional groups, clinical and functional examination and neuropsychological testing of 395 employees of the studied enterprises and institutions was carried out. The assessment of working conditions was carried out using data of sanitary and hygienic characteristics and charts for special assessment of working conditions, socio-demographic status, lifestyle and self-esteem of employees were studied using questionnaires, neuropsychological questionnaires were used, morbidity was analyzed based on data from outpatient charts and a functional survey. Results. The analysis of working conditions revealed priority production factors affecting the health of employees of the studied occupational groups: the noise vibration factor and the severity of labour in machine-building workers and miners, labour intensity in combination with other factors for social workers. The risk factors of lifestyle, risk diseases characteristic of workers of various industries and workers of the non-industrial sphere have been identified. Limitation: the study was conducted on a representative sample of 947 employees, 395 of whom underwent an in-depth examination, the limitation of the results of the study was the subjective assessments of respondents during the questionnaire. Conclusion. The obtained results made it possible to develop differentially directed medical and preventive effects, taking into account the peculiarities for each professional group.
Modern models of quantitative assessment and management of the level of physical, mental and social health as a basis for the prevention of morbidity among children and adolescents
Authors: Setko Andrey G. , Setko Nina P.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The preservation and strengthening of the health in children and adolescents is currently a problem of individual health management in connection with which there is a need to change the approach to health assessment, which consists not only in determining the disease, but also in a prenosological assessment of the level of individual health. The purpose is to develop integral indicators of quantitative assessment of health, on the basis of which to scientifically substantiate the health management system for children and adolescents. Materials and methods. Four thousand eight hundred children and adolescents of school age (7-17 years old) underwent computer diagnostics of the functional state of the central nervous, autonomic and cardiovascular systems using the methods of variation chronoreflexometry (Moroz MP, 2001) and variation cardiorhythmotography (Igisheva LN, 2003). Mental health is investigated by determining anxiety levels, negative emotional experiences, stress prognosis, and stress tolerance. The level of social health was assessed according to the method of E.V. Tsikalyuk (2013). Results. 37.7% of the examined children were found to have a satisfactory level; 28.2% stress, 23% - unsatisfactory and 11.1% showed disadaptation. A high level of anxiety in everyday life was experienced by 36.7% of the subjects and 61.3% in the classroom; 12.3% of children had a high level of negative emotional experiences. 28.1% of children had a high level of social health; 51.6% had an average; 12.3% had a low level; 6.5% had a social “unhealthiness”. Limitations of the study. When developing a modern model for assessing and managing physical, psychological and social health, data from a psychophysiological examination of 4,800 school-age children were used. Conclusion. The developed integral measures of univariate assessment of children’s physical, mental and social health provided the basis for justifying the model of screening and health management of the child population.
Acute Cerebrovascular Accident during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection in the Ural Federal District
Authors: Shirokov Vasiliy A. , Shastin Alexandr S. , Gazimova Venera G. , Mityukova Marina N.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Acute cerebrovascular accidents are among the leading causes of death and disability in the population. The study of regional features of the incidence of acute disorders of cerebral circulation in the context of a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is an urgent task. Purpose - to conduct a comparative analysis of the primary incidence of acute disorders of cerebral circulation, including transient ischemic attacks, in the adult population of Russia, the Urals Federal District and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation as part of the Urals Federal District. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the primary incidence of acute cerebrovascular accidents in the adult population in the Urals Federal District and in individual subjects of the district during the 2020 pandemic was carried out relative to the average long-term indicators for 2015-2019. Transient transient cerebral ischemic attacks, intracerebral and other intracranial hemorrhages, cerebral infarctions and strokes not specified as hemorrhage or infarction were taken into account. Average long-term levels of primary morbidity, standard deviation, coefficient of variation were calculated. Statistical data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel software products. Results. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the levels of primary incidence of certain acute cerebrovascular accidents in the Russian Federation and the Urals Federal District as a whole decreased compared to the long-term averages of 2015-2019. Conclusions. Indicators of primary morbidity of the adult population of the Ural Federal District with certain acute cerebrovascular accidents, including transient ischemic attacks, in different subjects of the district have pronounced regional features. Regional peculiarities of morbidity should be taken into account when planning the volume and financial parameters of territorial programs for the provision of free medical care to citizens. Significant differences in morbidity rates should be in the focus of attention of the chief neurologists of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Farklı Molaritelere Sahip KOH Çözeltisi Kullanılarak Üretilen Cüruf Esaslı Geopolimer Harçlarda Kür Sıcaklığı Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇAVUŞ Murat , BİNGÖL Şinasi
Published: October 2022

Bu çalışmada, farklı kür sıcaklıklarına ve farklı potasyum hidroksit (KOH) oranlarına sahip yüksek fırın cüruflu (YFC) geopolimer harçların fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Geopolimer harçların karışımında; YFC, su ve agrega miktarı sabit tutulurken KOH’in molaritesi 5, 10, 15, 20 M olarak belirlenmiştir. Hazırlanan harçlar 40x40x160 mm ebatlarında prizma kalıplara yerleştirilmiş ve 50, 75 ve 100 °C sıcaklıklarda 24 saat küre tabi tutulmuşlardır. Elde edilen numuneler; 1, 7 ve 28 gün laboratuvar koşullarında bekletildikten sonra dayanım değerleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca 28 günlük harçların birim ağırlık, su emme, boşluk oranı ve ultrases geçiş hızı gibi fiziksel özellikleri belirlenmiştir.
Green Procurement as a Tool in Maximizing Customer Satisfaction in a Manufacturing Organisation: A Case of BIDCO Kenya
Authors: Langat Evans , Otieno Benard
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to do an assessment of how sustainable green procurement is a tool for customer satisfaction with reference to BIDCO Africa in Thika. This study was guided by the following research objectives: to establish the role of corporate social responsibility in customer satisfaction and to determine the role of reverse logistics in customer satisfaction.

Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population in the study was 400 employees working with BIDCO. Sampling technique was used to ensure that each case in the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. A questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument that aided to collect the relevant information needed for analysis. After collection of data it was analyzed using descriptive statistics methods such as mean, weighted averages and percentages. The analyzed data was presented by use of frequency tables, charts and graphs. Regression analysis was also applied where computer software was used also that is Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for data analysis.

Findings: The results indicated that there was positive relation between green procurement and customer satisfaction and the researcher recommended more application of the variables used in this study to increase on the customer satisfaction of manufacturing organization. Further studies recommended a comprehensive study to be done using both questionnaires, interviews and any other method of data collection to obtain in-depth information that the researcher missed in this study. System theory was tested by the researcher, This theory was used to describe an organization as a system that requires interrelation of all parts and change at one point may lead to multiple changes of other parts, (Maignan, 2012).organizations should operate as open systems where it should interact with the environment, even as many firms are painting their products green and they are not environmental friendly.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that with the global warming and environmental concerns from all sectors, there’s is need for manufacturing organizations in Kenya to adopt green procurement practices in order to help in efforts of conserving the environment.