bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REST-FRAME OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF LUMINOUS 1.5 < Z < 3.5 QUASARS: THE Hβ-[O iii] REGION
Authors: Shen Yue
Published: February 2016

We study the rest-frame optical properties of 74 luminous (

),

broad-line quasars with near-IR (JHK) slit spectroscopy. Systemic redshifts based on the peak of the [O iii] λ5007 line reveal that redshift estimates from the rest-frame UV broad emission lines (mostly Mg ii) are intrinsically uncertain by

(measurement errors accounted for). The overall full-width-at-half-maximum of the narrow [O iii] line is

on average. A significant fraction of the total [O iii] flux (∼40%) is in a blueshifted wing component with a median velocity offset of

, indicative of ionized outflows within a few kpc from the nucleus; we do not find evidence of significant [O iii] flux beyond

in our slit spectroscopy. The [O iii] line is noticeably more asymmetric and weaker than that in typical less luminous low-z quasars. However, when matched in quasar continuum luminosity, low-z quasars have similar [O iii] profiles and strengths as these high-z systems. Therefore the exceptionally large width and blueshifted wing, and the relatively weak strength of [O iii] in high-z luminous quasars are mostly a luminosity effect rather than redshift evolution. The Hβ-[O iii] region of these high-z quasars displays a similar spectral diversity and Eigenvector 1 correlations with anti-correlated [O iii] and optical Fe ii strengths, as seen in low-z quasars; but the average broad Hβ width is larger by 25% than typical low-z quasars, indicating more massive black holes in these high-z systems. These results highlight the importance of understanding [O iii] in the general context of quasar parameter space in order to understand quasar feedback in the form of [O iii] outflows. The calibrated one-dimensional near-IR spectra are made publicly available, along with a composite spectrum.
ON THE NONTHERMAL κ-DISTRIBUTED ELECTRONS IN PLANETARY NEBULAE AND H ii REGIONS: THE κ INDEX AND ITS CORRELATIONS WITH OTHER NEBULAR PROPERTIES
Authors: Zhang (张泳) Yong , Zhang (张兵) Bing , Liu (刘晓为) Xiao-Wei
Published: February 2016

Recently, a suspicion arose that the free electrons in planetary nebulae (PNs) and H ii regions might have nonthermal energy distributions. In this scenario, a κ index is introduced to characterize the electron energy distributions, with smaller κ values indicating larger deviations from Maxwell–Boltzmann distributions. Assuming that this is the case, we determine the κ values for a sample of PNs and H ii regions by comparing the intensities of [O iii] collisionally excited lines and the hydrogen Balmer jump. We find the average κ indices of PNs and H ii regions to be 27 and 32, respectively. Correlations between the resultant κ values and various physical properties of the nebulae are examined to explore the potential origin of nonthermal electrons in photoionized gaseous nebulae. However, no positive result is obtained. Thus, the current analysis does not lend support to the idea that κ-distributed electrons are present in PNs and H ii regions.
SNe Ia AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS TO SN 2014J
Authors: Dragulin Paul , Hoeflich Peter
Published: February 2016

We present theoretical semi-analytic models for the interaction of stellar winds with the interstellar medium (ISM) or prior mass loss implemented in our code SPICE, assuming spherical symmetry and power-law ambient density profiles and using the Π-theorem. This allows us to test a wide variety of configurations, their functional dependencies, and to find classes of solutions for given observations. Here, we study Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) surroundings of single and double degenerate systems, and their observational signatures. Winds may originate from the progenitor prior to the white dwarf (WD) stage, the WD, a donor star, or an accretion disk (AD). For M
Ch explosions, the AD wind dominates and produces a low-density void several light years across, surrounded by a dense shell. The bubble explains the lack of observed interaction in late time SN light curves for, at least, several years. The shell produces narrow ISM lines Doppler shifted by 10–100 km s−1, and equivalent widths of ≈100 mÅ and ≈1 mÅ in cases of ambient environments with constant density and produced by prior mass loss, respectively. For SN2014J, both mergers and M
Ch mass explosions have been suggested based on radio and narrow lines. As a consistent and most likely solution, we find an AD wind running into an environment produced by the red giant wind of the progenitor during the pre-WD stage, and a short delay, 0.013–1.4 Myr, between the WD formation and the explosion. Our framework may be applied more generally to stellar winds and star formation feedback in large scale galactic evolution simulations.
INVESTIGATING PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN PROTOSTELLAR JETS: THE TRIPLE RADIO CONTINUUM SOURCE IN SERPENS
Authors: Rodríguez-Kamenetzky Adriana , Carrasco-González Carlos , Araudo Anabella , Torrelles José M. , Anglada Guillem , Martí Josep , Rodríguez Luis F. , Valotto Carlos
Published: February 2016

While most protostellar jets present free–free emission at radio wavelengths, synchrotron emission has also been proposed to be present in a handful of these objects. The presence of nonthermal emission has been inferred by negative spectral indices at centimeter wavelengths. In one case (the HH 80-81 jet arising from a massive protostar), its synchrotron nature was confirmed by the detection of linearly polarized radio emission. One of the main consequences of these results is that synchrotron emission implies the presence of relativistic particles among the nonrelativistic material of these jets. Therefore, an acceleration mechanism should be taking place. The most probable scenario is that particles are accelerated when the jets strongly impact against the dense envelope surrounding the protostar. Here we present an analysis of radio observations obtained with the Very Large Array of the triple radio source in the Serpens star-forming region. This object is known to be a radio jet arising from an intermediate-mass protostar. It is also one of the first protostellar jets where the presence of nonthermal emission was proposed. We analyze the dynamics of the jet and the nature of the emission and discuss these issues in the context of the physical parameters of the jet and the particle acceleration phenomenon.
THE INFLUENCE OF DENSE GAS RINGS ON THE DYNAMICS OF A STELLAR DISK IN THE GALACTIC CENTER
Authors: Trani Alessandro A. , Mapelli Michela , Bressan Alessandro , Pelupessy Federico I. , Elteren Arjen van , Zwart Simon Portegies
Published: February 2016

The Galactic center hosts several hundred early-type stars, about 20% of which lie in the so-called clockwise disk, while the remaining 80% do not belong to any disks. The circumnuclear ring (CNR), a ring of molecular gas that orbits the supermassive black hole (SMBH) with a radius of

, has been claimed to induce precession and Kozai–Lidov oscillations onto the orbits of stars in the innermost parsec. We investigate the perturbations exerted by a gas ring on a nearly Keplerian stellar disk orbiting an SMBH by means of combined direct N-body and smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. We simulate the formation of gas rings through the infall and disruption of a molecular gas cloud, adopting different inclinations between the infalling gas cloud and the stellar disk. We find that a CNR-like ring is not efficient in affecting the stellar disk on a timescale of

. In contrast, a gas ring in the innermost

induces precession of the longitude of the ascending node Ω, which significantly affects the stellar disk inclination. Furthermore, the combined effect of two-body relaxation and Ω-precession drives the stellar disk dismembering, displacing the stars from the disk. The impact of precession on the star orbits is stronger when the stellar disk and the inner gas ring are nearly coplanar. We speculate that the warm gas in the inner cavity might have played a major role in the evolution of the clockwise disk.
THE X-RAY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION OF LOW MASS X-RAY BINARIES IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES, THEIR METAL-RICH, AND METAL-POOR GLOBULAR CLUSTERS
Authors: Peacock Mark B. , Zepf Stephen E.
Published: February 2016

We present the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in the globular clusters (GCs) and fields of seven early-type galaxies. These galaxies are selected to have both deep Chandra observations, which allow their LMXB populations to be observed to X-ray luminosities of 1037–1038 erg s−1, and Hubble Space Telescope optical mosaics that enable the X-ray sources to be separated into field LMXBs, GC LMXBs, and contaminating background and foreground sources. We find that at all luminosities the number of field LMXBs per stellar mass is similar in these galaxies. This suggests that the field LMXB populations in these galaxies are not effected by the GC specific frequency, and that properties such as binary fraction and the stellar initial mass function are either similar across the sample or change in a way that does not affect the number of LMXBs. We compare the XLF of the field LMXBs to that of the GC LMXBs and find that they are significantly different with a p-value of 3 × 10−6 (equivalent to 4.7σ for a normal distribution). The difference is such that the XLF of the GC LMXBs is flatter than that of the field LMXBs, with the GCs hosting relatively more bright sources and fewer faint sources. A comparison of the XLF of the metal-rich and metal-poor GCs hints that the metal-poor clusters may have more bright LMXBs, but the difference is not statistically significant.
TWO NEW LONG-PERIOD GIANT PLANETS FROM THE MCDONALD OBSERVATORY PLANET SEARCH AND TWO STARS WITH LONG-PERIOD RADIAL VELOCITY SIGNALS RELATED TO STELLAR ACTIVITY CYCLES
Authors: Endl Michael , Brugamyer Erik J. , Cochran William D. , MacQueen Phillip J. , Robertson Paul , Meschiari Stefano , Ramirez Ivan , Shetrone Matthew , Gullikson Kevin , Johnson Marshall C. , Wittenmyer Robert , Horner Jonathan , Ciardi David R. , Horch Elliott , Simon Attila E. , Howell Steve B. , Everett Mark , Caldwell Caroline , Castanheira Barbara G.
Published: February 2016

We report the detection of two new long-period giant planets orbiting the stars HD 95872 and HD 162004 (

Dra B) by the McDonald Observatory planet search. The planet HD 95872b has a minimum mass of 4.6 

and an orbital semimajor axis of 5.2 AU. The giant planet

Dra Bb has a minimum mass of 1.5 

and an orbital semimajor axis of 4.4 AU. Both of these planets qualify as Jupiter analogs. These results are based on over one and a half decades of precise radial velocity (RV) measurements collected by our program using the McDonald Observatory Tull Coude spectrograph at the 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith Telescope. In the case of

Dra B we also detect a long-term nonlinear trend in our data that indicates the presence of an additional giant planet, similar to the Jupiter–Saturn pair. The primary of the binary star system,

Dra A, exhibits a very large amplitude RV variation due to another stellar companion. We detect this additional member using speckle imaging. We also report two cases—HD 10086 and HD 102870 (β Virginis)—of significant RV variation consistent with the presence of a planet, but that are probably caused by stellar activity, rather than reflexive Keplerian motion. These two cases stress the importance of monitoring the magnetic activity level of a target star, as long-term activity cycles can mimic the presence of a Jupiter-analog planet.
Artesunate Demonstrates in vitro Synergism with Several Antiviral Agents against Human Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Drouot Emilien , Piret Jocelyne , Boivin Guy
Published: February 2016

Background

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections remain a major problem in immunocompromised patients. Three antiviral agents, ganciclovir (GCV), foscarnet (FOS) and cidofovir (CDV), are currently approved for the treatment of HCMV infections. They all target the viral DNA polymerase and are associated with significant side effects. Combinations of novel antiviral compounds acting on different targets such as artesunate (ART) with currently approved drugs or eventually letermovir or maribavir (MBV) may result in synergistic effects. Here, we evaluated the in vitro activity of a series of two-drug combinations against a wild-type recombinant HCMV strain by the Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) reporter assay.

Methods

The in vitro activity of each drug was first tested individually against HCMV by using the GLuc reporter assay. The activity of two-drug combinations consisting of ART and currently approved drugs, as well as letermovir or MBV, was then analysed by the Chou-Talalay method.

Results

The concentrations of GCV, FOS, CDV and ART that reduced the GLuc activity by 50% (EC50 values) were 3.92 ±1.64 μM, 62.45 ±8.39 μM, 0.68 ±0.19 μM and 3.86 ±1.25 μM, respectively, whereas those of MBV and letermovir were 64 ±22 nM and 2.50 ±0.83 nM, respectively. The combination of ART with GCV, CDV or MBV was associated with synergism, whereas combination of ART with FOS or letermovir resulted in moderate synergism. As expected, the combination of MBV with GCV was antagonistic.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the combination of ART with the antiviral agents tested in this study could be an interesting strategy for the treatment of HCMV infections to reduce toxicity and drug-resistance development.
Sobre el capital erótico como capital cultural
Authors: Moreno Pestaña José Luis , Bruquetas Callejo Carlos
Published: February 2016

La teoría social sigue acordando, de manera creciente, un espacio al cuerpo. Señaladamente, las tesis sobre el capital erótico de Catherine Hakim han puesto en primer plano el valor del cuerpo dentro de las jerarquías sociales contemporáneas. Las interrogaciones de Hakim resultan solidarias con otro conjunto de conceptualizaciones que intentan comprender el valor de la interacción corporal en nuestras sociedades. Discutir el modelo propuesto por Hakim a la luz de la capacidad explicativa de la teoría del capital cultural de Pierre Bourdieu es el primer objetivo de este artículo. El segundo objetivo pretende, utilizando un conjunto de datos empíricos, confirmar si pueden apuntarse vínculos entre los cuidados corporales, la clase social, la clase de edad y el género.
Cutting Edge: Expression of IRF8 in Gastric Epithelial Cells Confers Protective Innate Immunity against Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Yan Ming , Wang Hongsheng , Sun Jiafang , Liao Wei , Li Peng , Zhu Yin , Xu Chengfu , Joo Jungsoo , Sun Yan , Abbasi Sadia , Kovalchuk Alexander , Lv Nonghua , Leonard Warren J. , Morse Herbert C.
Published: February 2016

IFN regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is expressed in many types of blood cells and plays critical roles in cellular differentiation and function. However, the role of IRF8 in nonhematopoietic systems remains poorly understood. In this study, we provide evidence that IRF8 is a transcriptional modulator of the gastric mucosa necessary for limiting Helicobacter pylori colonization. H. pylori infection significantly upregulated expression of IRF8, which, in turn, promoted IFN-γ expression by gastric epithelial cells. Mice deficient in IRF8 exhibited increased H. pylori colonization and aborted induction of mucosal IFN-γ. Genome-wide analyses of IFN-γ–treated gastric epithelial cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing led to the identification of IRF8 target genes, with many belonging to the IFN-regulated gene family that was observed previously in immune cells. Our results identify the IRF8–IFN-γ circuit as a novel gastric innate immune mechanism in the host defense against infection with H. pylori.
Inducible Major Vault Protein Plays a Pivotal Role in Double-Stranded RNA– or Virus-Induced Proinflammatory Response
Authors: Peng Nanfang , Liu Shi , Xia Zhangchuan , Ren Sheng , Feng Jian , Jing Mingzhen , Gao Xin , Wiemer Erik A. C. , Zhu Ying
Published: February 2016

Pathogen invasion triggers robust antiviral cytokine production via different transcription factor signaling pathways. We have previously demonstrated that major vault protein (MVP) induces type I IFN production during viral infection; however, little is known about the role of MVP in proinflammatory responses. In this study, we found in vitro that expression of MVP, IL-6, and IL-8 was inducible upon dsRNA stimulation or viral infection. Moreover, MVP was essential for the induction of IL-6 and IL-8, as impaired expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in MVP-deficient human PBMCs, human lung epithelial cells (A549), and THP-1 monocytes, as well as in murine splenocytes, peritoneal macrophages, and PBMCs from MVP-knockout (MVP−/−) mice, was observed. Upon investigation of the underlying mechanisms, we demonstrated that MVP acted in synergy with AP-1 (c-Fos) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)β–liver-enriched transcriptional activating protein to activate the IL6 and IL8 promoters. Introduction of mutations into the AP-1 and C/EBPβ binding sites on the IL6 and IL8 promoters resulted in the loss of synergistic activation with MVP. Furthermore, we found that MVP interacted with both c-Fos and C/EBPβ. The interactions promoted nuclear translocation and recruitment of these transcription factors to IL6 and IL8 promoter regions. In the MVP−/− mouse model, significantly decreased expression of early antiviral cytokines resulted in higher viral titer in the lung, higher mortality, and heavier lung damage after infection with lethal influenza A virus. Taken together, our findings help to delineate a novel role of MVP in host proinflammatory response.
Temporal habitat suitability modeling of Caspian shad (Alosa spp.) in the southern Caspian Sea
Authors: Haghi Vayghan Ali , Fazli Hasan , Ghorbani Rasul , Lee Ming-An , Nasrollahzadeh Saravi Hasan
Published: February 2016

To comprehensively manage an ecosystem such as that of the Caspian Sea, the world’s largest lake, detailed knowledge of the habitat traits of the living organisms in the ecosystem is essential. The present study examined environmental variables and used the Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model to determine the most preferred seasonal habitat and optimal environmental range of Caspian shad (Alosa spp). The fish preferred deep waters with low levels of total organic matter and sea level anomaly in winter and productive areas with a high concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chla) and relatively high benthos biomass in spring. The number per unit area (NPUA)-based HSI model determined that the geometric mean model (GMM) was the optimal model for defining a suitable habitat in winter. For spring, the arithmetic mean model (or GMM) in the NPUA-based HSI model most accurately predicted preferred habitat for Caspian shad. The average NPUA in both seasons increased with the HSI; areas with an HSI of between 0.4 and 0.6 in spring and between 0.6 and 0.8 in winter had a high percentage of total catch. Areas with an HSI of more than 0.5 had over 91% and 63% of the total catch in spring and winter, respectively, demonstrating the reliability of the NPUA-based HSI model in predicting Caspian shad habitat. The present study shows that remotely sensed data plus depth are the most critical environmental variables in Caspian shad habitats and that Chla and SLA are the most critical remotely sensed parameters for near real-time prediction of Caspian shad habitat.
Carbon stable isotope composition of charophyte organic matter in a small and shallow Spanish water body as a baseline for future trophic studies
Authors: Rodrigo María Antonia , García Adriana , Chivas Allan R.
Published: February 2016

Quantitative descriptions of foodweb structure based on isotope niche space require knowledge of producers’ isotopic signatures. In freshwater ecosystems charophytes are one of the main components of submerged vegetation and the feeding base for many herbivorous consumers, but knowledge about their organic carbon isotopic signatures is sparse. In this study, the δ13C organic values (and organic %C and %N) of the four species of submerged macrophytes (three charophytes - Chara hispida, Nitella hyalina and Tolypella glomerata - and one angiosperm, Myriophyllum spicatum) growing in a newly created shallow pond were measured monthly over a period of one year, to discern if i) all charophyte species susceptible to being food for consumers and growing in the same waterbody have the same C isotopic composition; ii) the δ13C values of a charophyte species change on a seasonal and spatial scale; iii) the different parts (apical nodes, internodes, rhizoids, reproductive organs, oospores) of a charophyte species have the same isotopic composition. The δ13C, %C and %N values of organic matter in the sediments where the plants were rooted were also measured as well as several limnological variables. The δ13C values for the angiosperm (-13.7±0.7‰) indicated 13C-enrichment, whereas the N. hyalina δ13C values were the most negative (-22.4±0.7‰). The mean δ13C value for C. hispida was -19.0±1.0‰ and -20.7±0.8‰ for T. glomerata. C. hispida δ13C values had a significant seasonal variation with 13C-poor values in the cold season, and slight spatial differences. Statistically significant differences were found between charophyte rhizoids (13C-enriched) and the other parts of the thalli. The δ13C values in the sediments varied throughout time (-13‰ to -26‰). The C content was lower in the charophytes than in the angiosperm and there were no large differences among the charophytes. Charophyte fructifications were enriched in organic C compared to the thalli parts. The study provides an isotopic baseline for further studies for the elucidation of higher trophic-level relationships which are particularly complex in shallow water bodies where interactions between the pelagic and the benthic zones are intricate.
Zooplankton biodiversity and community structure vary along spatiotemporal environmental gradients in restored peridunal ponds
Authors: Anton-Pardo Maria , Armengol Xavier , Ortells Raquel
Published: February 2016

Zooplankton assemblages in neighboring ponds can show important spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Disentangling the influence of regional versus local factors, and of deterministic versus stochastic processes has been recently highlighted in the context of the metacommunity theory. In this study, we determined patterns of temporal and spatial variation in zooplankton diversity along one hydrological year in restored ponds of different hydroperiod and age. The following hypotheses regarding the assembling of species over time were tested: i) dispersal is not limited in our study system due to its small area and high exposure to dispersal vectors; ii) community dissimilarity among ponds increases with restoration age due to an increase in environmental heterogeneity and stronger niche-based assemblages;and iii) similarity increases with decreasing hydroperiod because hydroperiod is a strong selective force filtering out organisms with long life cycles. Our results confirmed dispersal as a homogenizing force and local factors as gaining importance with time of restoration. However, short hydroperiod ponds were highly dissimilar, maybe due to the environmental differences among these ponds, or to high stochasticity followed by priority effects under a weak selection pressure. By adding a temporal dimension to the study of zooplankton structuring, we could identify the first months after flooding as being crucial for species richness, especially in short hydroperiod ponds; and we detected differences in seasonal species richness related to hydroperiod and pond age.
Effect of water chemistry on zooplanktonic and microbial communities across freshwater ecotones in different macrophyte-dominated shallow lakes
Authors: Mieczan Tomasz , Adamczuk Małgorzata , Tarkowska-Kukuryk Monika , Nawrot Dorota
Published: February 2016

Complex interactions between zooplankton and microbial food webs are vital to the ecosystem ecology of shallow lakes. However, little is known about how horizontal changes in environmental conditions may influence microbial and metazoan communities in shallow lakes. The specific goals of the study were i) to describe environmental variables responsible for the distribution of bacteria, flagellates, ciliates and crustaceans in an adjacent canal, ecotone and reservoir (littoral-pelagic zone) in two different types of lakes (Ceratophyllum-dominated and Potamogeton-dominated lakes); ii) to determine whether the contact zone waters differ in hydrochemical and biological terms from the waters of the canal and the open water zone; iii) and to evaluate the influence of particular macro-habitats (canal, canal/reservoir, littoral and pelagic zone) on the interactions between components of the planktonic food web. We studied four shallow, eutrophic lakes in Polesie Lubelskie (eastern Poland). The highest diversity and abundance of microorganisms and crustaceans were observed in the canal-reservoir contact zone, while the lowest values were noted in the pelagic zone. Hence, the contact zone in the investigated lakes could fulfil the function of an ecotone, distinguished by a significant increase in biodiversity, abundance, and species specificity of micro- and macroorganisms. Weak relations between food web components were found in the Ceratophyllum-dominated lakes, where environmental variables explained the bulk of the total variance in plankton abundance, whereas in the Potamogeton-dominated lakes, where environmental variables had a minor role in the total variance in plankton abundance, strong predator-prey relations were noted. Spatial structure of habitats proved to be another important factor for relationships between food web components, as our study indicated that habitat complexity can reduce negative correlations between food web components. Our study contributes to knowledge of the functioning of eutrophic lakes in the current era of increasing eutrophication caused by climate change and human activity.
The habitat type and trophic state determine benthic macroinvertebrate communities in lowland shallow lakes of China
Authors: Hu Zhixin , Sun Xu , Cai Yongjiu , Guo Liyun , Chen Qiankun , Liu Tao , Shi Fei , Yang Liuyan
Published: February 2016

Benthic macroinvertebrates play important roles in shallow lake ecosystems. Several studies based on qualitative comparisons of the amount of macrophytes were carried out to relate benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages to habitat conditions in shallow lakes. Our main aim was to analyze the effects of habitat type and trophic state on taxonomic composition and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates in lowland shallow lakes based on quantitative classification of habitat types. The benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were investigated in eight shallow lakes of eastern China in four seasons. A total of 33 species was collected from these lakes, including four Oligochaeta, eight Chironomidae, eight Gastropoda, four Bivalvia and nine other miscellaneous species. According to the ratio of the dry weight of macrophytes to the dry weight of phytoplankton, the study lakes were separated into three lake types; macrophyte-dominated, transitional, and algae-dominated regions. The total abundance of macroinvertebrates was significantly higher in the group of algae-dominated regions than in the macrophyte-dominated regions. Scrapers had the highest abundance in the macrophyte-dominated regions. Univariate and multivariate analyses results showed that abundance, biomass and characteristic species of benthic macroinvertebrates were affected by their habitat types. The abundance and biomass of macroinvertebrates showed significant positive correlations with the trophic state index (TSI). TSI and turbidity were significantly correlated with DC1 (Axis 1 of detrended correspondence analysis), while Chlorophyll a and the ratio of the dry weight of macrophytes to the dry weight of phytoplankton were significantly correlated with DC2. The findings indicated that the habitat type and trophic state were the key factors determining the structure of macroinvertebrate assemblages in lowland shallow lakes. Our study was one of the few studies that had demonstrated the distinct influence of habitat type on macroinvertebrate assemblages in shallow lakes according to the ratio of the dry weight of macrophytes to the dry weight of phytoplankton.
Dentine sensitivity risk factors: A case–control study
Authors: Mafla Ana Cristina , Lopez-Moncayo Luis Fernando
Published: February 2016

Objective: To identify the clinical and psychological risk factors associated with dentine hypersensitivity (DH) in order to provide an early diagnosis and preventive therapy. Materials and Methods: A nested case–control study was design between 2011 and 2012. A total of 61 DH cases and 122 controls participated in this investigation. Cases and controls were matched for sex, group of age and socioeconomic status in a ratio of 1:2. DH to different stimuli such as cold, heat, acid, and sweet was asked in patient interviews, and dental examinations were used to detect DH. Clinical and psychological risk factors such as dental hygiene, periodontal disease, acid diet, alcohol consumption, psychological stress, and psychopathological symptoms were inquired. Psychological stress was measured through the PSS-10 and psychopathological symptoms were evaluated by SCL-90-R in Spanish. Descriptive and univariate binary logistic regression analysis were performed to estimate the association between clinical and psychological risk factors and the presence of DH. Results: Toothpaste abrasivity (odds ratio [OR] 1.881, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.010–3.502, P = 0.045), gingival recession (OR 2.196, 95% CI 1.020–4.728, P = 0.041), and periodontal therapy (OR 5.357, 95% CI 2.051–13.993, P < 0.001) were associated with DH. Subjects with perceived stress (OR 1.211, 95%, CI 0.518–2.833, P = 0.658), obsessive-compulsive (OR 1.266, 95%, CI 0.494–3.240, P = 0.623) and hostility (OR 1.235, 95%, CI 0.507–3.007, P = 0.642) symptoms had a clinical greater odd of DH. Conclusion: Oral hygiene products and periodontal conditions are important risk factors for DH. Individuals with perceived stress, obsessive-compulsive, and hostility symptoms may increase a clinical risk for this entity. Targeting to dental counseling focused on oral hygiene products, periodontal therapy and a psychological evaluation may be promising in DH prevention.
Management of myofascial pain by therapeutic ultrasound and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: A comparative study
Authors: Rai Shalu , Ranjan Vikash , Misra Deepankar , Panjwani Sapna
Published: February 2016

Objective: The present comparative study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of Th US and TENS in the management of myofascial pain in TMD patients. Materials and Methods: The present randomized comparative study was on 90 patients who were further assigned in three different groups each having 30 patients; Group I was healthy control patients, Group II was receiving Th US therapy, and Group III was receiving TENS therapy. All the 90 patients were further evaluated for maximum inter incisor subjective evaluation regarding muscle pain, impediment to daily life, massage impression on visual analog scale (VAS) scale, and intensity and duration used in Th US massage. Results: The masseter muscle thickness in control group was 12.00 (standard deviation [SD] ±1.1) mm when compared with TMD patient of 13.00 (SD ± 1.1) mm before treatment. Statistical significant findings on VAS score of muscle pain, impediment to daily life, and massage impression were observed in Th US. After treatment, the anechoic areas disappeared or were reduced in Th US group by 95.6% and in TENS by 74.4%. Conclusion: Th US appeared to be subjectively better which was related to VAS score of massage impression, muscle pain, and impediment to daily life after treatment as well as sonographically related to existence of anechoic areas.
Effect of at-home bleaching with different thickeners and aging on physical properties of a nanocomposite
Authors: Gouveia Thayla Hellen Nunes , Públio Juliana do Carmo , Ambrosano Glaucia Maria Bovi , Paulillo Luís Alexandre Maffei Sartini , Aguiar Flávio Henrique Baggio , Lima Débora Alves Nunes Leite
Published: February 2016

Objective: To evaluate the influence of 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) containing different thickeners on the physical characteristics of a nanocomposite resin submitted or not to accelerated artificial aging (AAA). Materials and Methods: One hundred samples were randomly distributed into two groups (n = 50) according to AAA. Each group was divided into 5 subgroups (n = 10) depending on the bleaching/thickener treatment: CP + carbopol, CP + natrosol, carbopol, natrosol, and no treatment (control). The physical properties tested were color (ΔE), gloss (GU), mean roughness (Ra), and Knoop microhardness (KHN). The resin surface was performed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Statistical Analysis: The color (variable Δ E) was assessed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and additionally with Tukey's and Dunnett's tests, the roughness values were submitted to Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn's, and Mann–Whitney's tests. Data on gloss and KHN were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: Among the physical properties evaluated, CP + carbopol promoted a reduction in composite microhardness only, thus differing statistically from the controls. As for CP + natrosol, such a change was not observed. The aging process reduced all the physical properties, thus differing statistically from the nonaging group. CP + carbopol increased the roughness and decreased the gloss of aged resins, whereas natrosol reduced gloss only, which differed statistically from the controls. Conclusions: AFM showed evidence of the loss of organic matrix and exposure to load particles in the aged samples. Therefore, the replacement of carbopol with natrosol provided maintenance of the composite microhardness following bleaching. The aging process reduced the physical properties evaluated, and some changes were enhanced by the application of bleaching.
A 3-year randomized clinical trial evaluating two different bonded posterior restorations: Amalgam versus resin composite
Authors: Kemaloglu Hande , Pamir Tijen , Tezel Huseyin
Published: February 2016

Objective: To compare the performance and postoperative sensitivity of a posterior resin composite with that of bonded amalgam in 40 (n = 20) large sized cavities and to evaluate whether resin composite could be an alternative for bonded amalgam. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial. Twenty patients in need of at least two posterior restorations were recruited. Authors randomly assigned one half of the restorations to receive bonded amalgam and the other half to composite restorations. Forty bonded amalgams (n = 20) and composites (n = 20) were evaluated for their performance on modified-US Public Health Service criteria and postoperative sensitivity using visual analogue scale (VAS) for 36-months. Results: Success rate of this study was 100%. First clinical alterations were rated as Bravo after 1 year in marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, anatomical form, and surface roughness for both amalgam and composite. At the 3rd year, overall “Bravo” rated restorations were 12 for bonded amalgam and 13 for resin composites. There were no significant differences among the VAS scores of composites and bonded amalgams for all periods (P > 0.05) except for the comparisons at the 3rd year evaluation (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, both resin composite and bonded amalgam were clinically acceptable. Postoperative sensitivity results tend to decrease more in composite restorations rather than amalgams. Therefore, it was concluded that posterior resin composite can be used even in large sized cavities.
Comparative evaluation of superoxide dismutase, alpha-tocopherol, and 10% sodium ascorbate on reversal of shear bond strength of bleached enamel: An in vitro study
Authors: Kavitha Mahendran , Selvaraj Sharmila , Khetarpal Ambica , Raj Aruna , Pasupathy Shakunthala , Shekar Shobana
Published: February 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the neutralizer effect of antioxidant agents on the bond strength of bleached enamel. Materials and Methods: Sixty enamel slabs were prepared from 60 freshly extracted maxillary central incisors and were divided into six groups. The negative control group received no bleaching treatment and the other groups were bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence Quick; Ultradent, South Jordan, USA). In Group II, composite was built immediately after bleaching and cured without any antioxidants. In Group III, bleached specimens received composite build ups delayed by 1 week. In Groups IV, V, and VI bleached specimens received applications of superoxide dismutase (SOD), sodium ascorbate (SA), and tocopherol solutions, respectively, for 10 min. Following composite bonding, the micro shear bond strength (μSBS) was measured at a speed of 1 mm/min in universal testing machine. Statistical Analysis Used: The μSBS values of all the groups were analyzed using the analysis of variance followed by Tukey honestly significant difference post-hoc test. Results: Bonding of composites to unbleached group (Group I) exhibited the highest mean SBS values and among the antioxidant-treated groups, the highest SBS values were seen with SOD (Group IV) treated samples (23.0040 ± 4.30565 MPa). Conclusions: Application of SA, alpha-tocopherol, and SOD can effectively reverse the bond strength with bleached enamel. SOD gave a comparatively more promising reversal of bond strength than SA and alpha-tocopherol, and deserves further studies.
Evaluation of the effects of modified bonded rapid maxillary expansion on occlusal force distribution: A pilot study
Authors: Uzuner Fatma Deniz , Odabasi Hande , Acar Secil , Tortop Tuba , Darendeliler Nilufer
Published: February 2016

Objective: To evaluate the effects of modified bonded rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on occlusal force distribution. Materials and Methods: The sample included 12 patients (7 girls and 5 boys; mean age: 13.1 years) at the permanent dentition stage with bilateral posterior cross-bite. The patients were treated with a modified bonded RME appliance, activated twice a day. The study was terminated when the palatal cusps of the maxillary posterior teeth were occluding with the buccal cusps of the mandibular posterior teeth. The postretention period was 3 months. The T-Scan III device was used to analyze the percentages of occlusal force distribution, and records were taken at the pretreatment (T1), the postreatment (T2), and the postretention (T3) periods. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical analyses. Results: Incisors were most frequently without contact, followed by canines. The highest forces were seen in the second and first molar regions. A significant decrease was seen in total occlusal force during treatment (T1–T2); however, during retention, the force returned to its initial value, and no significant differences were found (T1–T3). No differences were found between right and left sides and in occlusal forces of the teeth in all time periods. Conclusion: The use of modified bonded RME decreases the total occlusal forces during the treatment period, but it does returns to its initial value after the postretention period.
Changes in jawbones of male patients with chronic renal failure on digital panoramic radiographs
Authors: Dagistan Saadettin , Miloglu Ozkan , Caglayan Fatma
Published: February 2016

Objective: To compare the existence of gonial cortical bone thickness, antegonial index, mandibular canal bone resorption and gonial angle values and pathologies like ground-glass appearance in jawbones and brown tumor in male patients undergoing dialysis due to chronic renal failure and men from the healthy control group on panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs were taken from 80 male individuals in total (40 normal and 40 dialysis patients). Values obtained from the right and left sides of the mandible were summed and their means were calculated. Gonial cortical thickness, antegonial index and gonial angle values were assessed with the Student's t-test, mandibular canal wall resorption with the Chi-square test, and pathologies such as ground-glass appearance and Brown tumor as “available” or “not available.” Results: Statistically significant differences were observed among the antegonial index (P < 0.001), gonial cortical bone thickness (P < 0.001), and gonial angle (P < 0.001) values of study and control groups. Besides, mandibular canal wall resorption (P < 0.001) was also statistically significant. In the study group, pathologies with ground-glass appearance were encountered in mandible, but no radiographic findings were observed similar to brown tumor. Conclusions: Compared to the control group, decreases were found in gonial cortical bone thicknesses, antegonial index values, mandibular canal wall resorption, and gonial angle values of the patients receiving dialysis treatment due to chronic renal failure. Although it is not statistically significant, pathology with ground-glass appearance was detected in a patient, but no pathologies like brown tumor were observed. These findings from patients with chronic renal failure must be evaluated in panoramic radiography.
Cytotoxicity evaluation of Clinacanthus nutans through dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium bromide and neutral red uptake assays
Authors: Vajrabhaya La-Ongthong , Korsuwannawong Suwanna
Published: February 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the results of dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays of Clinacanthus nutans cytotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Mouse fibroblast (L929) cells were exposed to 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% (W/V) C. nutans in a 96-cluster-well-culture plate for 24 h. The cell viability after exposure to C. nutans was determined by MTT and NRU assays in separate tissue culture plates. The two assays were compared through an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis. Results: No significant differences in cytotoxicity were noted between the two assays (P > 0.05). The ICC values for agreement between two assays for the negative and positive control groups and C. nutans concentrations of 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% were 0.84, 0.83, 0.77, 0.68, 0.74, and 0.71, respectively. Conclusion: In general, the MTT and NRU assays performed similarly, exhibiting moderate to good correlation for the evaluation of the cytotoxicity of C. nutans.
Carbamylated Erythropoietin: A Prospective Drug Candidate for Neuroprotection
Authors: Chen Jianmin , Yang Zheng , Zhang Xiao
Published: February 2016

Carbamylated erythropoietin (cEpo), which is neuroprotective but lacks hematopoietic activity, has been attracting rising concerns. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the process of neuroprotection of cEpo are not well known. Based on several recent reports, the neuroprotective effects of cEpo are illustrated, and signaling pathways involved in the different effects of erythropoietin and cEpo are discussed. These newly reported researches may shed new light on the development and application of cEpo, a prospective drug candidate for neuroprotection.
Maria Ossó school. Sitges. Barcelona. España
Authors: NsARQUITECTES Estudi
Published: February 2016

El proyecto consiste en la construcción de un nuevo centro de educación primaria en el municipio de Sitges. El solar se sitúa al sur del casco urbano, en el barrio de Can Pei, junto a la vía del tren, en una parcela prácticamente horizontal.
Centro de disminuidos físicos de Lérida. España
Authors: NsARQUITECTES Estudi
Published: February 2016

El solar de intervención, con 3169 m2, está situado en una zona periférica de la capital leridana, en el barrio de Balàfia. Su geometría trapezoidal responde al planeamiento y a la radialidad que genera la rotonda de la Rambla de Pardinyes con la Avenida de Balàfia.
El hormigón como superficie en el espacio
Authors: Carrasco Rouco David
Published: February 2016

Existen ejemplos notables a lo largo de la historia que muestran alternativas a la arquitectura convencional de soportes y elementos soportados, también a la disociación entre el habitar y la circulación tan característica de la arquitectura racionalista. Sus propiedades pueden ser aisladas y analizadas para definir las bases de un nuevo paradigma gracias a los avances en el hormigón armado y a su capacidad de materializarse como superficie continua en el espacio. Este artículo compara tres acercamientos –Kiesler, Parent, SANAA– que cuestionan las direcciones cartesianas orientadas por la gravedad en el espacio euclídeo.
Erik Christian Sørensen y el museo de naves vikingas en Roskilde
Authors: Ferrer Forés Jaime J.
Published: February 2016

Este artículo recorre la trayectoria arquitectónica del arquitecto danés
Erik Christian Sørensen (1922-2011), caracterizada por la fidelidad a los elementos constructivos tradicionales y las innovaciones tecnológicas, y analiza el museo de naves vikingas de Roskilde (1963-1969). Apoyándose en los documentos originales del arquitecto, croquis, dibujos y conversaciones con el profesor danés, el artículo constituye un testimonio de una obra donde confluyen la visión tectónica de la arquitectura y la rotundidad plástica del hormigón
Dental Caries and Oral Health-related Quality of Life in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bastos Roosevelt S , Galitesi TRL , Foger D , Velasco SRM , Esper LA , Honório HM , Almeida ALPF , Soares S , Carrara C , Oliveira TM , Bastos JRM , Machado MAAM
Published: February 2016

Background

Dental caries is a chronic disease caused by a set of biological and social factors. The aim of this study was to conduct a study of dental caries and oral health related quality of life (QoL) in Brazilian patients with cleft lip and palate.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with cleft lip and palate patients with 12 years of age. Participants were examined for dental caries decayed, missing and filled teeth-World Health Organization (DMFT-WHO criteria). The dental impact on daily living (DIDL) instrument was used to collect data of oral health-related QoL. The Mann- Whitney test was used to present the differences between gender and the Spearman correlation was used with DIDL and DMFT.

Results

The 30 (30%) of the 50 children with cleft lip and palate were caries-free, and the DMFT was 1.70 (1.62), with 53.91% for the care index. The dimensions 'speak’ (34%) and ‘Hygiene’ (46%) represented the largest negative impact on QoL. The DIDL instrument correlated only among the missing component and dimensions 'stress’ (r = 0.35, p < 0.01) and 'study’ (r = 0.52, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The presence of cleft lip and palate in subjects 12 years of age had a negative impact on QoL and this impact was also significant for tooth loss caused by dental caries.

How to cite this article

Galitesi TRL, Foger D, Velasco SRM, Esper LA, Honório HM, Almeida ALPF, Soares S, Carrara C Oliveira TM, Bastos JRM, Machado MAAM, Bastos RS. Dental Caries and Oral Health-related Quality of Life in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Pilot Study. World J Dent 2015;6(3):123-128.