bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rule‐based searching for collision test cases of autonomous vehicles simulation
Authors: Masuda Satoshi , Nakamura Hiroaki , Kajitani Kohichi
Published: October 2018

Research and development in the field of autonomous vehicles has increased along with related work on automated driving (AD) software. Thorough testing of AD software using simulations must be conducted in advance of testing AD cars on the road. Parameters of the many objects around an AD car, such as other cars, traffic lanes and pedestrians are required as inputs of the simulation. Therefore, the number of parameter combinations becomes extremely large. A combination of parameters is called a test case; hence, the challenge is to search collision test cases from the extremely large number of combinations. A rule‐based method is the main focus because an explicit method of searching test cases is required in certain industries in the real world. In this study, a method of rule‐based searching for collision test cases of autonomous vehicles simulations is proposed. Simulation models that have rules between an AD car and other cars are defined. Algorithms were also developed to search collision test cases that generate test cases incrementally. Experiments on AD simulations involving the simulation models of a three‐lane highway and a signalised intersection were conducted. The results indicate the efficiency of the method.
Insulation risk assessment of controlled switching considering pre‐strike voltage and line trapped charge
Authors: Deyhim Fakhrali , Ghanizdeh Reza
Published: October 2018

In this study, a method is presented for implanting controlled switching taking into account simultaneously the exact values of trapped charge and pre‐strike voltage when Circuit Breaker (CB) contacts are approaching each other. This approach is implemented in the EMTP/ATPDraw environment using Transient Analysis of Control Systems routine. By presenting a new approach, the proposed method determines the optimum closing point for CB contacts without imposing any limitation on line‐side fluctuations. In order to perform statistical switching, the presented method models the uncertainties of controller circuit, the mechanical circuit of CB, and trapped charge voltage. Unlike the conventional approaches in which the statistical parameters were selected by default, in the presented statistical switching these parameters are estimated based on CB parameters. Furthermore, the presented method is used to calculate the insulation risk caused by controlled switching overvoltage. Simulation results show the accurate and efficient performance of the proposed controlled switching approach in significantly decreasing the risk and the maximum overvoltage created along the line, compared to the conventional CB. So that, insulation risk has decreased to zero and the maximum overvoltage created along the line has decreased to 46%.
NGC 4993 and other short gamma-ray burst host galaxies
Authors: Contini M.
Published: October 2018

We present the spectral detailed modelling of NGC 4993 – the host galaxy of GW 170817 – and other short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) host galaxies. In order to determine their physical conditions and the element abundances, we have gathered spectroscopic and photometric data from the literature. The observation data are sometimes missing, preventing us from fully constraining the model. However, for most of the SGRB hosts the [OIII]5007/Hβ and [NII]6548/Hα line ratios are reported. The analysis of NGC 4993 by a composite model (photoionization+shock) confirms that an active galactic nucleus (AGN), most probably a low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) or a low-luminosity AGN (LLAGN) is the gas photoionization source. Shock velocities and preshock densities are similar to those found in the narrow line region of AGN. O/H and N/H have solar values. For the other SGRB of the sample, we found that O/H ratios are nearly solar, while N/H covers a much larger range of values at redshifts close to 0.4. In NGC 4993, the relative contribution to the spectral energy distribution of an old stellar population, characterized by a black-body temperature of Tbb = 4000 K, with respect to bremsstrahlung is higher by a factor of >100 than in most of the local AGN and starburst (SB) galaxies. For the other SGRB that compose the sample, Tbb ranges between 2000 K for SGRB 100206A and 8000 K for SGRB 111117A.
Our energy future starts from actual energy limits
Authors: Alimonti Gianluca
Published: October 2018

Since the discovery of fire, the history of human evolution reflects the history of mankind’s ability to control and transform energy. Steam engine gave rise to the industrial revolution and fossil fuels entered and shaped our development: diffused and cheap energy allowed to replace human labor, and activities, impossible until that time, became common. Nowadays more than 80% of the global primary energy consumption comes from fossil fuels, but this energy system has limitations: green house gases and polluting emissions are generated by the fossil fuels combustion. Moreover fossil fuels are limited energy resources and sooner or later they will run out. It is thus important to start shaping and building a new energy system and this is what this school is about.
Fossil energy: From conventional oil and gas to the shale revolution
Authors: Marchionna Mario
Published: October 2018

The fossil fuels have provided more than 80% of the total energy consumption for more than 100 years; although in perspective renewables are expected to be the fastest growing energy sources, it is likely that fossil fuels will dominate energy use at least through 2050. This is still due to the increased worldwide need for energy, to their superior energy intensity and reliability and to the very huge numbers that underline world exposition to fossil fuels, not easily substitutable. A few brief considerations, regarding the chain of production, transport and use of the energy carriers, make us realize that the success that oil has had as an energy source cannot be attributed only to its great availability and the relatively cheap price but also to the ease with which liquid hydrocarbon derivatives can be transported, stored and distributed for their final use. In fact, their liquid state enables their energy density per unit of volume to be optimized, and this has great advantages especially for the storage and the distribution of the carrier. This does not mean that there are not challenges and dilemmas in the exploitation of conventional reserves, such as for example the decline of great reservoirs for lacking of suitable technology and reservoir management, the increased produced water from oil reservoirs and related management and the need to cope with the issue of climate change due to the CO2 emissions. Attention will then be paid towards unconventional resources, especially those that have lead to the “shale” revolution: the deployment of huge reserves of shale oil and gas have deeply modified the overall energy picture in the last ten years, especially in the United States. By moving towards 2040–2050, oil and gas will remain crucial energy components, maybe with some less crude-oil production but more natural gas and higher use of electricity, produced both by gas and by renewables and also pushed by the advent of electric vehicles.
Energy storage
Authors: Taylor T. M.
Published: October 2018

The world is moving in the direction of using electricity derived from renewable sources. With the mass production of devices to enable the production of energy from such sources (wind, solar and tides), peak power capacity is competitive with that of deriving the electricity from fossil fuel. The problem is that the proﬁle of power production does not match that of the requirements. This problem is not new, but it has become more acute: due to the extremely peaky nature of the power from the new sources, unless there is efficient energy storage, it is necessary to maintain the capacity to generate power to cover the full load in certain climatic conditions. While nuclear power is clean and would be ideal for satisfying the requirements of base load, the capital cost of nuclear plants (which should include that of decommissioning) makes the real cost of such power more expensive than that which can now obtained from renewables (and from burning gas or coal, of course). Ever since there have been electrical grids, companies have looked for ways to efficiently store energy so that power can be delivered on demand with minimum capital investment. A wide range of technologies is employed, and is being developed, so that everyday needs can be met. Energy storage is resource neutral: it allows us to use electricity from any power source more efficiently. However, it involves considerable capital investment, and can occupy a lot of space. The idea of moving towards reliance on renewable sources of energy has been taken up by a large segment of the population but there is technically still a lot to do, especially with regard to the essential corollary of energy storage. In addition to the challenge of producing the means to store energy, many other issues must be addressed. These include maintainability and longevity of the equipment (both for producing the energy and storing it). In this report we explore and compare the different methods available for storing energy and investigate trends.
CO2 neutral fuels
Authors: Goede Adelbert P. H.
Published: October 2018

CO2 is a valuable resource, life on Earth depends on it. Rather than wasting it to the atmosphere, or burying it underground, CO2 can be combined with water and turned into valuable chemicals and fuels, the process being powered by renewable electricity. Renewable electricity generated by wind and photovoltaics (PV) is making big strides, but is limited by ill-matched supply and demand. In addition, electricity only makes up 20% to 30% of total energy demand. Domestic heating, high temperature/pressure Industrial processes and mobility/transportation gobble up the rest. Mobility and transportation prove particularly difficult to decarbonise. Aviation is a case in point. Battery-powered aircraft are unlikely to become feasible by 2050. Hydrogen has too low an energy density and is haunted by safety issues. Current policy, therefore, is directed at bio fuels. One problem, there is not enough of it. The Fuel vs. Food vs. Flora trilemma of bio-based fuel is unlikely to gain public acceptance. By converting renewable electricity into fuel, power to molecules (P2M), two birds are killed with one stone: providing fuel for long haul transportation and enabling long-term, large-scale energy storage to cover the seasonal mismatch between supply and demand of renewable electricity. Feedstock consists of air-captured carbon or nitrogen and water. Chemically combined, it creates a liquid fuel with greatly enhanced energy density, such as kerosene or ammonia, or gaseous fuel like methane which can replace natural gas in the existing gas network. Direct air capture of CO2 is currently being commercialised. The conversion technology of water and CO2 by electrolysis has recently been extended to novel plasma technology, the sub ject of this paper. For CO2 splitting by plasmolysis, the reduced electric field has been identified as the key parameter explaining and improving the energy efficiency. Energy efficiency by plasmolysis is similar to that of electrolysis, but offers advantages in energy density, upscaling and switching in response to intermittent power with no use of scarce material. A simple model explains the inverse relation between energy efficiency and particle conversion and relates input microwave power to CO2 gas density, plasma dimension and ionisation degree, allowing design parameters for a 100 kW pilot reactor to be specified. Recycling CO2 in combination with P2M is a game-changing technology to meet overall CO2 emission reduction targets. It takes advantage of existing, inexpensive infrastructure for energy storage, transport and distribution. Existing internal combustion engine technology can be maintained where necessary. Close coupled to a remote solar array or an off-shore wind farm it offers a solution to decentralised renewable fuel production at the renewable electricity source.
Radioactive wastes and disposal options
Authors: Kienzler Bernhard , Geckeis Horst
Published: October 2018

This paper provides for a summary of facts which are indispensable for nuclear waste disposal. Information is presented on types of radioactive wastes and the origin, the waste treatment procedures and some characteristics of the waste forms. Finally the various host rocks and the international disposal concepts are discussed and the procedures for safety analyses are shortly described.
Fusion: a true challenge for an enormous reward
Authors: Ongena J.
Published: October 2018

Nuclear physics shows that energy can be released from both fission of heavy nuclei and fusion of light nuclei. Steady progress shows that fusion — an important additional option for energy production in the future — promises to be a clean and safe solution for mankind’s long-term energy needs with minimal environmental impact. A source of energy which would be inexhaustible, inherently safe and environmentally friendly, is this not a marvellous prospect? Nuclear fusion, a possible candidate for this role, has been the energy source of our Sun and the stars in the universe for billions of years. This process requires temperatures of tens of millions of degrees, so extremely high and foreign to our daily experience that it seems out of reach. Nevertheless, these extremely high temperatures are routinely realised in several laboratories all over the world, and since the early 1990s, tens of MW fusion power have been released from fusion reactions. We are witnessing the birth of a new technology destined to meet the gigantic future energy needs of mankind with minimal impact on the environment.
Toxic oligopeptides in the cyanobacterium Planktothrix agardhii-dominated blooms and their effects on duckweed (Lemnaceae) development
Authors: Pawlik-Skowrońska Barbara , Toporowska Magdalena , Mazur-Marzec Hanna
Published: October 2018

Cyanobacterial toxins are a global threat to aquatic organisms; however, they represent only one group of bioactive cyanobacterial metabolites. Very little is known about the effects of other cyanobacterial products (e.g., non-ribosomal oligopeptides) on freshwater macrophytes. Our experimental study revealed that the development of young duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza was inhibited by two aquatic extracts of cyanobacterial bloom samples predominated by Planktothrix agardhii and pure microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The extracts differed considerably in the content of MCs and other oligopeptides; they contained three or four MC variants and several other oligopeptides such as anabaenopeptins, aeruginosins, and planktocyclin. Their toxic effects on young plants (first frond area, root number, fresh biomass, and chlorophyll a content) were different. The more phytotoxic extract obtained from a higher cyanobacterial biomass contained a lower total MC concentration and different anabaenopeptin variants (e.g., anabaenopeptin H, G, HU892, and E/F) as well as planktocyclin, which were not present in another extract with a higher MC concentration. The obtained results suggested that P. agardhii oligopeptides other than MCs are harmful to young duckweeds and may exert even stronger toxic effects than MC-LR. The production of various variants of MCs together with other oligopeptides, and their toxicity to aquatic plants varied over seasons depending on the taxonomic composition of the cyanobacterial bloom. Germinated turions of S. polyrhiza can be used as a sensitive bioindicator of the cyanobacterial threat in aquatic ecosystems.
Methane-air flame thermometry using planar lase-induced fluorescence (PLIF)
Authors: Fabelinsky Victor , Kobtsev Vitaly , Kostritsa Sergey , Kozlov Dimitrii , Smirnov Valerii , Vereschagin Konstantin
Published: October 2018

Temperature measurements were performed in a central cross-section of a partially premixed atmospheric methane-air flame of a laboratory burner using two-line planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of OH radicals and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) by H2 molecules. The results of a comparative analysis of 2D PLIF and single-point CARS thermometry of the flame are presented.
Numerical simulation of combustion instabilities under the alternating gravity conditions
Authors: Krikunova Anastasia
Published: October 2018

The work is devoted to the analysis of the methane-air conical flame behaviour under conditions of an alternating gravitational field. Numerical simulation based on the software package FlowVision, has shown the possibility of modeling the flame front instabilities during the transition from the normal gravitational conditions to zero gravity. The appearance of the flame front oscillations is demonstrated under the such conditions. Further studies will provide a complete picture of the behavior of the flame in an alternating gravitational field.
Mathematical modelling of burning surface in parallel flow of oxidant
Authors: Tyurenkova Veronika , Smirnov Nickolay , Smirnova Mariya
Published: October 2018

The paper presents the problem of condensed material surface burning in a flow of oxidant within the framework of the assumptions of the laminar boundary-layer theory. It is used assumption of fuel gasification and gas phase chemical reacting in a diffusion flame. The regression rate of the material surface in the turbulent and laminar flow regimes is studied. The zones correspond to kinetic and diffusion regime is defined.
Investigation of thermal degradation of hydrolysis lignin
Authors: Maryandyshev Pavel , Kangash Aleksei , Lyubov Victor
Published: October 2018

Wood hydrolysis facilities were built in both northern and southern European regions of Russia, as well as in Siberia and the Russian Far East. Other hydrolysis plant in the former USSR were located in Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Lithuania. All or most of these facilities produced substantial amounts of excess lignin, so called “hydrolysis lignin” (HL). Technology of energy utilization of HL, having a great potential is a production of granulated fuel. Perspective way is pelletization of HL. In this paper complex kinetic analysis of hydrolysis lignin and its organic components under conditions of dynamic and isothermal heating was carried out. Kinetic parameters are determined using the extended independent parallel model.
Experimental study of chemiluminescence in UV and VIS range at hydrogen-oxygen mixtures ignition
Authors: Eremin Alexander , Korshunova Mayya , Mikheyeva Ekaterina
Published: October 2018

The nonequilibrium radiation in the spectral range of 210-415 nm at ignition of a 10% stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen mixture with additives of combustion inhibitors diluted with argon behind shock waves was registered. The detected chemiluminescence is presumably attributed to electronically excited H2O* and H2O2 *. Instead of the expected quenching of excited radicals and molecules in the ignition zone, with the addition of halogenated hydrocarbons inhibitors, the increase of radiation, particularly in the range of 330-415 nm, was observed. The possible reasons of this phenomenon are discussed.
Ozone recovery in the presence of CO and N2O
Authors: Torbin Aleksei , Pershin Andrey , Zagidullin Marsel , Heaven Michael , Mebel Alexander , Azyazov Valeriy
Published: October 2018

Extremely reactive vibrationally excited ozone O3(υ) molecule is formed in excess of O2 in particular in air-fuel mixture, however there is a lack of kinetic data on O3(υ) reactions with combustion products. The time-resolved absorption spectroscopy method was applied for measurements of the O3 recovery rates after 266 nm photolysis in the presence of O, CO and nitrous oxides. It was revealed that reaction O3(υ) + O results in an incomplete ozone recovery. In the reaction O3(υ) + O stabilization channel dominates the reactionary one. In the presence of N2O, ozone does not restore to its initial level.
Stabilization of combustion front in supersonic flow using streamer’s discharge
Authors: Bulat Pavel , Grachev Lev , Esakov Igor , Upyrev Vladimir
Published: October 2018

Thermodynamic analysis shows that for flights with velocities exceeding six sound velocities, it is required to burn fuel not in a subsonic but in a supersonic flow. The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of creating a stationary combustion front in a supersonic flow by igniting the mixture with an attached microwave discharge. Discharges are created on the resonator by means of a pulsed source of quasi-optical microwave radiation. This method of initiation is one or two orders of magnitude more economical than other known methods of plasma ignition and combustion stabilization. A numerical evaluation and comparison with experiment of the propagation velocity of a subcritical streamer discharge in a stationary medium and in a supersonic drifting flow are performed. Experiments have been conducted to ignite a flat flow of propane-air mixture, as well as ignition of the propane stream fed into the airflow, which simulates the operation of the fuel injector. In all cases, the experiments confirmed a steady fuel combustion, which was controlled by the temperature measurements with a thermocouple.
Increase of the energy plant efficiency in special conditions of its operation
Authors: Razuvaev A.V. , Biryuk V.V. , Blagin E.V.
Published: October 2018

This article deals with energy plant analysis during its operation in special conditions. For this purpose, modernized system of air supply and high-temperature refrigeration is suggested. Application of these systems allows to decrease specific fuel rate by 2.6%.
Results of Numerical Modeling of Combustion Processes in a Vortex Chamber
Authors: Badernikov Artem V. , Piralishvily Shota A. , Guryanov Alexander I.
Published: October 2018

The results of numerical modelling of combustion in a vortex chamber are presented. The calculations are performed using k-ε and k-ε with curvature correction of streamlines turbulence models. Upon combustion calculation of the well mixed mixture the Burning Velocity Model (BVM) was applied. The usage of the streamlines curvature correction allows to increase the accuracy of the prediction of the circumferential velocity component and the temperature field in the vortex chamber.
Percolation model of combustion
Authors: Rybakov D. , Lamazhapov Kh.
Published: October 2018

Strong dependencies in equations cause dramatic boost of reaction rates in some rare but meaningful areas of a combustion gap. That leads to intermittent behavior of some values and for these reasons averaging approaches in calculations are not relevant. We use percolation theory instead in order to explain ignition delay and completeness of combustion.
The Acoustic Spectrums of the Combustion Process in the IC-Engines
Authors: Shaymukhametov Ramil , Strekalov Vladimir
Published: October 2018

The results of the Fourier spectroscopy of the acoustic noise of an internal combustion engine are presented. The sound was recorded using a voice recorders placed near the four-cylinder petrol engine. The engine speed was set to the fixed values from 900 to 3000 rpm. The distinctive characteristics of the periodograms where associated with the certain physical processes in the engine.
The reaction of 2-naphthyl with 1,3-butadiene: a theoretical study
Authors: Artem Oleinikov , Alexander Mebel , Valeriy Azyazov
Published: October 2018

This work is devoted to a theoretical study of the 2-naphthyl + 1,3-butadiene reaction aimed at understanding the hydrogen-loss mechanism in the reactions of n-naphthyl (n=1,2) with 1,3-butadiene. All intermediates and transition states, their vibrational frequencies and zero-point vibrational energies, and the potential energy diagram were calculated at the G3(MP2,CC)//B3LYP/6-311G** theoretical level. The estimate of the reaction rate constant gives the order of 10-13cm3molecule-1s-1at temperatures below 500 K.
Study of a dielectric barrier discharge burner for plasma assisted combustion
Authors: Sludnova Alena , Mironov Nikolay , Mikheyev Paul
Published: October 2018

In this short communication we report the results of measurements of the number densities of O3, NO and NO2 in the afterglow of a dielectric barrier discharge. Detailed modelling of plasma processes in a DBD is a challenging task and this data is necessary for verification of numerical model. The DBD in air produced only [O3] up to ~1016 cm-3 and [NO] up to ~5×1014 cm-3 that increased with discharge power linearly. In air fuel mixtures [O3] was an order of magnitude smaller, it decreased with [CH4]. In methane-air mixture NO was not detected, but [NO2] up to ~1015 cm-3 appeared instead.
Quaternary quality a medium quality that connects macro quality with micro quality
Authors: Song Mingshun , Zhu Tingting , Qi Binfang
Published: October 2018

To construct the outlook on great quality, the concept of quality can be divided into two aspects, micro quality and macro quality at present. However, the definition of micro quality and its contents are not related organically with the conception of macro quality and its contents. So an intermediate variable between micro quality and macro quality is needed to link them together, and this intermediate variable is named as medium quality. This paper introduces the connotation of medium quality that includes the concept of quaternary quality, namely zero quality, unary quality, binary quality and ternary quality, and explains the progressive logical relationships of these four qualities. Micro quality and macro quality are cohered by medium quality organically, and thus formulates the scientific outlook on great quality.
Analysis of implementation of ISO 9001:2015 in SME Aldin Natural Home
Authors: Handayani Naniek Utami , Mustikasari Anita , Hutagalung Sabrina , Monica Baby
Published: October 2018

SME is required to improve their service quality and resource management for giving customer loyalty toward product offered. The ISO 9001 is one of quality management system standard which is approved globally which are frequently communicated thru service quality insurance to solve the matter of indistinct expectancy Aldin Natural Home is SME engaged in dolls production. In the implementation of quality management system, they have lack on standard operating procedure (SOP). This study aims to analyze and find out the readiness of ISO 9001:2015 implementations in SME Aldin Natural Home. Gap analysis method also is conducted in this research to describe the differences between required and actual quality management systems. The results areSME Aldin Natural Home need to understand and review of implementation of ISO 9001:2015 with the highest 29% on clause 8, Operation while the lowest is 14% on clause 9, Performance Evaluation.
Analysis of ISO 14001 implementation and program performance assessment ratings company (PROPER) environmental management in. Power Plants with gap analysis tools
Authors: Wairon Esaul , Purwanggono Bambang , Handayani Naniek Utami
Published: October 2018

In various studies revealed that the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System into an integrated environmental management system that is considered capable of improving environmental performance and financial performance. This study aims to analyze the application of ISO 14001 Environmental Management System certification on environmental performance and company performance. The sample in this study was one of the power plants in Indonesia that was ISO 14001 certified in 2015. This study used annual data from the period 2013 to 2014. The main method used was the Gap Analysis Tool. , The results using a checklist show that, in general, the clause requirements have an average value of 50% - 74% the organization still has to fix the SML for preparation of ISO 14001-2015 the inspection process and the clause have an average value, 32% clause, the planning clause has an average value of 77%, the management review has an average value 57% and the overall average value in accordance with ISO 14001-2015 requirements is 55%. based on the characteristics of the sample company, the company needs to improve its inspection and management review so that it can improve the operational management of the environment better.
The urgency of testing standard for elderly’s monitoring systems in Indonesia
Authors: Gunadi Sunartoto , bin Mohd Yussof Zulkalnain , bin Bani Hashim Ahmad Yusairi
Published: October 2018

Due to several aspects, such as safety, applicability, and reliability of the elderly monitoring systems, it is urgently need a testing standard for this system. Commonly, the user, especially caregivers or nurse, do not know exactly that procedure. In order to educate both, consumer and producer, preventing problems which may arise among them, and guarantee that instrument is operate as well as stated on the instruction manual, which conform to a certain testing standard which introduced by legal institution (SNI or ISO), establishment a testing (physical and/or written) for this device, especially in Indonesia, is urgently needed.
Revision of the Japanese Industrial Standardization Act
Authors: Ozaki Ko
Published: October 2018

METI is, as of the beginning of May 2018, in the process of revising the Japanese Industrial Standardization Act which was enacted in 1949 and has supported Japan’s standardization system for almost 70 years. Objectives of the revision are: 1) expansion of the scope into services and other sectors, 2) acceleration of the JIS development process, 3) promotion of international standardization activities, and 4) enhancement of penalties. The new act is expected to come into effect in the latter half of 2019 if it is passed through the Japanese Diet as planned. By making use of the new system, Japan will strengthen both domestic and international standardization activities.
Evaluation model: A performance appraisal model for certified lecturers
Authors: Ayu Puri Palupi Dyah , Patmo Cahjono Mardanung , Dananti Kristyana
Published: October 2018

This study aims to develop lecturer performance appraisal model using web-based Integrated Evaluation Model (IEM). The object of this study is certified lecturers in Indonesia, by applying this model, the certification compensation given by the government is really used to enhance lecturer's performance. It is expected that the results of this study can be an important research that produces effective and efficient software to evaluate the lecturers' performance nationally because it involves a 360degree assessment. We have done some activities to develop the prototype software application of Integrated Evaluation Model (IEM) for assessing the certified lecturer's performance. They are 1) preparing the questionnaire indicator for the 360 degree performance appraisal, 2) conduct the program test on the certified lecturer. In this phase, certified lecturers, superior, and students also conduct assessment on certified lecturers through IEM software, 3) conduct Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to gain evaluation and feedback on the effectiveness of the IEM application program. FGD results provide a valuable contribution to the preparation of IEM program design. And the IEM software produced in this research has accommodated all of the results of FGD activities. IEM complements the prior certified lecturer performance appraisal with 360 degrees performance appraisal.
Development of accounting information system and accounting standards for small and medium enterprises (SME)
Authors: Satyawati Endang , Mujiyono
Published: October 2018

At this time, small and medium enterprises play an important role in improving the economy of Indonesia, in terms of business number, job creation, and growth of national Economy. At this time many small, and medium enterprises are still in the manual recording process of financial transactions and financial reporting. The objective of this study is to develop an accounting information system method with Rapid Application Development (RAD) for SME as to answer whether there is an increased quality of information system in SME. The results of this research are as follows: 1) The small business enterprises are dominated by human resources. 2). Many of the owners of the small business enterprises do not understand the accounting and financial report system well. They operate with manual and conservative descriptions with a simple book noted. They have not known or have not been accustomed to computerized accounting system as well as have not known whether or not it is useful to support their business continuity. 3) Personal expenses and operational expenses paid by using the same sources.
Review on active suspension system
Authors: Mohd Riduan Aizuddin Fahmi , Tamaldin Noreffendy , Sudrajat Ajat , Ahmad Fauzi
Published: October 2018

For the past decade, active suspension systems had made up most of research area concerning vehicle dynamics. For this review, recent studies on automobile active suspensions systems were examined. Several vehicular suspension types were also described to compare amongst them. From published investigations by previous researchers, various automotive suspensions in terms of cost, weight, structure, reliability, ride comfortability, dynamic and handling performance were exhibited and compared. After careful examination, it was concluded that electromagnetic active suspensions should be the general direction of vehicle suspension designs due to its energy regeneration, high bandwidth, simpler structure, flexible and accurate force control, better handling performance as well as drive characteristics.
Individual based simulation for online marketplace diffusion among trading small medium enterprises: A conceptual framework
Authors: Saptadi Singgih , Widyasrini Arlita Rahma , Pangaribuan Bonita Melinda , Sriyanto  , Arvianto Ary
Published: October 2018

The number of Indonesian SMEs and Indonesian Internet users are increasing. This situation is of concern to the Indonesian government. The government then launched a SME go online program with a target of 8 million SMEs using the online platform in 2019. One of the online platforms that SMEs may use in Indonesia is the online marketplace such as Tokopedia, Bukalapak and others. Previous research studied the factors that support or hinder the adoption of e-commerce in SMEs environment but had not explored how the interaction of those factors in the adoption of online marketplace. In a social system, the diffusion and adoption of online marketplaces in SMEs is influenced by socio-economic characteristics, personality variables and communication behaviours that exist and are acquired by individuals. This paper describes a conceptual framework for the development of an individual-based simulation commonly referred to as an agent-based simulation to understand the adoption by SMEs and the diffusion of online marketplace in SME environments.
Determination of copper metals in leachate using potentiometric method by concentration cells
Authors: Suheryanto  , Fanani Zainal , Jayanti Dewi
Published: October 2018

The potentiometric method of cell type concentration is used to analyze the copper metal in leachate. This method is relatively good because it has a correlation coefficient of 0.9997 and linear region in the concentration range 1×10-51×10-3mol L-1. The precision of this potentiometric method is low because the persent of RSD produced is 0.6% with an average accuracy 0f 95.35%. The detection limit (LoD) of the measurable method is 1.085×10-6mol L-1with LoQ 1.313×10-6mol L-1. While the LoD instrument 1.217×10-6mol L-1and LoQ 1.560×10-6mol L-1. In addition, this method is very selective with the selectivity coefficient of -3.7 and it has uncertainty of measurement 9.7×10-7± 1.282×10-6to 9.12×10-5± 3.5×10-5. Potentiometric method of cell type of concentration has an optimum condition at pH5 and temperature 30˚C.The conditions of copper in leachate water renged from 9.253×10-5to 8.696×10-4mol L-1
Risk analysis and strategic planning on bridge construction works at the toll road procurement projects in Central Java Province
Authors: Suliantoro Hery , Fitriani Nurul , Hario Setiadji Bagus
Published: October 2018

Risk is a condition caused by uncertainty. Risks will occur on any construction project, including bridge construction projects. Efforts that can be taken to minimize the impact of these risks are to engage in risk management activities. This research was conducted on bridge construction work on toll road procurement project in Pejagan-Pemalang, Pemalang-Batang and Salatiga-Kertasura. The purpose of this research is to analyze the risk of bridge development project in toll road project using Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) method and then the result as database in discussing risk response strategy. The bridge construction project has 36 risks that are divided into six groups: materials and equipment, design, human resources, finance, management, nature and environmental conditions. Bad weather risks are the higest risk and seasonal risk causing temporary work stoppages. This risk-response strategy is avoidance. Short-term avoidance response strategy is to add shift workers, install tents and add additives in the acceleration of the process of maturation of concrete. The long-term avoidance response strategy is to evaluate and rearrange the work schedule by considering the weather forecast report.
Sicherheit von Biologika bei rheumatoider Arthritis: Ergebnisse aus dem deutschen RABBIT-Register
Authors: Strangfeld Anja , Albrecht Katinka
Published: October 2018

Hintergrund Das Biologika-Register RABBIT erfasst Krankheits- und Therapieverläufe von Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA). Neben der Wirksamkeit von Biologika (bDMARDs: Originals und Biosimilars) und JAK-Inhibitor (JAKi) Therapien sind Daten zur Sicherheit, insbesondere in der Langzeittherapie, ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Analysen aus RABBIT.

Methoden In das RABBIT-Register können Patienten mit einer gesicherten RA eingeschlossen werden, die nach mindestens einem konventionell synthetischen (cs)DMARD-Versagen eine neue cs-, bDMARD oder JAKi Therapie beginnen. Über 300 rheumatologische Einrichtungen schließen deutschlandweit Patienten in das Register ein. Einmal rekrutiert, werden die Patienten bis zu 10 Jahre lang beobachtet. Zu Beginn und im Verlauf werden Therapie, klinischer Status, Krankheitsverlauf und aufgetretene unerwünschte Ereignisse dokumentiert. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden relevante Ergebnisse aus dem RABBIT Register zur Sicherheit der bDMARDs bei RA zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse Bis zum Frühjahr 2018 wurden über 17 000 RA Patienten in das RABBIT Register eingeschlossen. Die Daten aus 17 Beobachtungsjahren zeigen, dass das Risiko für schwerwiegende Infektionen unter bDMARDs erhöht ist. Das individuelle Risiko kann mit dem RABBIT Risiko Score abgeschätzt werden. Die Mortalität ist im Vergleich zu Patienten unter csDMARDs verringert. Auch das Risiko für das Auftreten einer Sepsis oder Versterben nach schwerwiegender Infektion ist unter bDMARDs erniedrigt. Hohe Krankheitsaktivität und eine unzureichende Behandlung kardiovaskulärer Komorbiditäten erhöhen das Risiko für das Auftreten kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse. Gemeinsame Auswertungen der Daten europäischer Biologika-Register zeigen kein erhöhtes Risiko für das Auftreten von Melanomen oder eine Verschiebung der Subtypen der Lymphome.

Fazit Insgesamt zeigen bDMARDs bei RA ein gutes Sicherheitsprofil. Kenntnis über die individuellen Risikofaktoren des Patienten, eine engmaschige Kontrolle der Krankheitsaktivität der RA und der Begleiterkrankungen sind wesentliche Faktoren, die das Auftreten von unerwünschten Ereignissen reduzieren können.
DFT-Assisted Design and Evaluation of Bifunctional Amine/Pyridine-Oxazoline Metal Catalysts for Additions of Ketones to Unactivated Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Dockendorff Chris , Greve Eric , Porter Jacob
Published: October 2018

Bifunctional catalyst systems for the direct addition of ­ketones to unactivated alkenes/alkynes were designed and modeled by density functional theory (DFT). The designed catalysts possess bidentate ligands suitable for binding of pi-acidic group 10 metals capable of activating alkenes/alkynes, and a tethered organocatalyst amine to ­activate the ketone via formation of a nucleophilic enamine intermediate. The structures of the designed catalysts before and after C–C bond formation were optimized using DFT, and reaction steps involving group 10 metals were predicted to be significantly exergonic. A novel oxazoline precatalyst with a tethered amine separated by a meta-substituted benzene spacer was synthesized via a 10-step sequence that ­includes a key regioselective epoxide ring-opening step. It was combined with group 10 metal salts, including cationic Pd(II) and Pt(II), and screened for the direct addition of ketones to several alkenes and an ­internal alkyne. 1H NMR studies suggest that catalyst-catalyst inter­actions with this system via amine–metal coordination may preclude the desired addition reactions. The catalyst design approach disclosed here, and the promising calculations obtained with square planar group 10 metals, light a path for the discovery of novel bifunctional catalysts for C–C bond formation.
Selective Deprotection of N-Tosyl Alkoxyamines Using Bistrifluoromethane Sulfonimide: Formation of Oxime Ethers
Authors: Cossy Janine , Azizi Mohamed
Published: October 2018

The detosylation of N-tosyl alkoxyamines was realized by treatment with benzaldehyde and bistrifluoromethane sulfonimide as the catalyst to afford the corresponding oxime ethers. The reaction is chemoselective as N-tosyl amines are not deprotected. A mechanism is proposed for this deprotection.
π-Spacer-Linked Bisthienopyrroles with Tunable Optical Properties
Authors: Stefan Mihaela , Bulumulla Chandima , Gunawardhana Ruwan , Gamage Prabhath , Kularatne Ruvanthi , Biewer Michael
Published: October 2018

Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole is an effective nonconventional semiconducting building block that could be generated in gram quantities with relatively high overall yields. Three organic semiconductors containing thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole were synthesized in good yields without requiring time-consuming column purifications. The synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties were systematically investigated.

1 Introduction

2 Experimental

3 Synthesis and Characterization

4 Theoretical Calculations

5 Optical and Electrochemical Properties

6 Thermal Stability

7 Fluorescence Experiments

8 GIXRD Data

9 Conclusions
Acquired Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Infancy
Authors: Fadilah Ala , Musson Rebecca , Mordekar Santosh R.
Published: October 2018

Vitamin B12 deficiency can be acquired in infants secondary to exclusive breastfeeding in deficient mothers. In this series of seven infants with acquired vitamin B12 deficiency, clinical features included developmental impairment/regression, faltering growth, feeding difficulties, somnolence, irritability, microcephaly, seizures, and abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging. All had methylmalonic aciduria, other investigation findings were low serum cobalamin and hyperhomocysteinemia. Treatment brought about improvement in growth, behavior, and development; however, development remained impaired in some. We recommend early detection by screening in infants with suggestive clinical presentations, using urine methylmalonic acid/plasma homocysteine as screening tools, maternal screening during pregnancy, and long-term neurodevelopmental follow-up.
Simultaneous measurement of C VI, Ne X, and Li III charge exchange lines on EAST
Authors: Li Y. Y. , Zhou Y. X. , Jiang D. , Tao W. , Fu J. , Lyu B. , Shi Y. J. , Ye M. Y. , Wan B. N.
Published: October 2018

The core toroidal charge exchange recombination spectroscopy system on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) has been enhanced recently to extend the spectral range. The C VI charge exchange line at 529.059 nm, Ne X line at 524.897 nm, and Li III line at 516.67 nm are observed successfully. The measurements were performed by injecting neon gas and dropping lithium powder simultaneously during the 2016 EAST experimental campaign. One channel connected to a neon lamp is used to perform the real-time wavelength calibration on a shot-to-shot basis. The preliminary results indicate that ion temperature profiles from the carbon and neon impurities are in excellent agreement and provide a consistency check of the measurement from different impurities. Toroidal velocity correction associated with the energy-dependent cross section has been performed. Toroidal rotation of neon impurity is obviously faster than C VI across the whole profile. A cumulative and saturated effect of core lithium ions was observed.
Improved memristive switching of graphite/Nb:SrTiO3 interfaces by tuning Fermi levels and dielectric constants
Authors: Zhu Xiaochen , Jin Haoming , Li Ang J. , Schumann Todd , Hebard Arthur F.
Published: October 2018

Layered electrodes based on graphene or transition metal dichalcogenides have enriched the development of nanoelectronics due to their uniqueness in flexibility, transparency, thermal stability, and electronic structure. Here, we report on resistive switching behavior observed in graphite/Nb:SrTiO3 (Gr/NbSTO) junctions. Straightforward in situ bromine intercalation of graphite modulates the transport properties of Gr/NbSTO devices, an effect which cannot be achieved using traditional metal electrodes. At low temperatures, the strong electric field dependence of the dielectric constant of NbSTO also plays an important role in further enhancing the resistive switching performance. Our findings here suggest that to optimize the performance and to perform more complex functions, tunability of the Fermi level of the layered graphite electrode in combination with the nonlinear dielectric constant of the NbSTO substrate is critically important for interface-type resistive switching devices.
Fully anharmonic infrared cascade spectra of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Mackie Cameron J. , Chen Tao , Candian Alessandra , Lee Timothy J. , Tielens Alexander G. G. M.
Published: October 2018

The infrared (IR) emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) permeates our universe; astronomers have detected the IR signatures of PAHs around many interstellar objects. The IR emission of interstellar PAHs differs from their emission as seen under conditions on Earth as they emit through a collisionless cascade down through their excited vibrational states from high internal energies. The difficulty in reproducing interstellar conditions in the laboratory results in a reliance on theoretical techniques. However, the size and complexity of PAHs require careful consideration when producing the theoretical spectra. In this work, we outline the theoretical methods necessary to lead to fully theoretical IR cascade spectra of PAHs including: an anharmonic second order vibrational perturbation theory treatment, the inclusion of Fermi resonances through polyads, and the calculation of anharmonic temperature band shifts and broadenings (including resonances) through a Wang–Landau approach. We also suggest a simplified scheme to calculate vibrational emission spectra that retain the essential characteristics of the full IR cascade treatment and can directly transform low temperature absorption spectra in IR cascade spectra. Additionally we show that past astronomical models were in error in assuming a 15 cm−1 correction was needed to account for anharmonic emission effects.