bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-diabetic effect of di-caffeoylquinic acid is associated with the modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism
Authors: Huang Yujie , Xu Weiqi , Chen Guijie , Sun Yi , Zeng Xiaoxiong
Published: January 2024

Background The human gut microbiome plays a critical role in both health and disease. A classic example of host-gut microbial co-metabolism involves bile acids, which biosynthesis in liver are excreted into the intestine where they are deconjugated and transformed by the gut microbiota, this process, in turn, activates signaling pathways, influencing host glycolipid and energy metabolism.Ilextea exhibits properties that alleviate disruptions in lipid metabolism and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiota, yet the underlying mechanism remains unelucidated. DiCQAs is one of the most active and abundant polyphenolic pigments inIlextea. Here, we investigated diCQAs regulate diabetes through the BA-related pathway, using HFD + STZ-induced diabetic mice model and long-term mice group to exclude direct stimulatory effects, and studied gut microbiota structure and functions in mice. Results Here, we show that diCQAs alleviating symptoms of diabetic mice by alters gut microbiota carrying the BSH gene which associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus. DiCQAs protecting the intestinal barrier while increased enterohepatic circulation conjugated BAs, inhibited the FXR-FGF15 signaling axis in the ileum decreased hepatic FGFR4 protein expression, increased bile acid synthesis in liver, increased BA efflux to reduces hepatic BA stasis, decreased hepatic and plasma cholesterol levels. Moreover, diCQAs induce an upregulation of glucolipid metabolism-related proteins in the liver and muscle (AKT/GSK3β, AMPK), ultimately alleviating hyperglycemia. Additionally, they reduce inflammation by down-regulating the MAPK signaling pathway in the diabetic group. Conclusions Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic effects of ilex tea. They suggest that reducing gut microbiota (specificallyAcetatifactor sp011959105andAcetatifactor muris) carrying the BSH gene could potentially serve as an anti-diabetic therapy by decreasing FXR-FGF15 signaling.
Prevalence and Predictors of Depression and Anxiety among Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients and Their Household Contacts in Gujarat, India
Authors: M Yogesh , Parmar Dipesh V , Patel Nirmalkumar Shaileshbhai
Published: January 2024

Background
Mental health comorbidities worsen multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) outcomes. Patients who have household contacts are also at high risk. We aimed to determine the prevalence, correlates, and predictors of depression and anxiety among MDR-TB-affected families.
Methods
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 400 MDR-TB patients and 400 household contacts in Gujarat. The validated scales measured depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (HAM-A), perceived stigma (CIASS), and social support (MSPSS). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associated factors.
Results
The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms was 150 (37.5%) and 180 (45%) among patients and 80 (20%) and 100 (25%) among contacts, respectively. Stigma (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1–5.3), mental illness history (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.5), and disease severity (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.2) independently predicted greater odds of depression. Similar associations were found for anxiety.
Conclusion
High mental health comorbidity among MDR-TB patients and interconnectivity with household contacts indicate an urgent need to integrate emotional-physical wellbeing initiatives through decentralized patient-centric care models. Thus, psychosocial support and stigma mitigation should complement conventional services.
High-dimensional multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on adaptive penalty parameters and improved association methods
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Wang Jiacheng , Xiang Siying , Zeng Liang
Published: January 2024

The balance between convergence and diversity is a crucial and challenging aspect of evolutionary multi-objective optimization. In order to balance them, this paper proposes a high-dimensional multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on adaptive penalty parameters and an improved association method (MOEAAP). An adaptive penalty parameter is first proposed and utilized in non-dominated sorting based on reference points, allowing for the dynamic assignment of Pareto ranks to the population according to changes in iteration counts and objective dimensions. Additionally, an improved association method is employed to categorize candidate solutions into associated and non-associated solutions, while associated solutions are given preferential consideration. To verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithm, it is compared with several mainstream algorithms through simulation experiments, and is applied to multiple practical applications. Experimental results show the algorithm effectively balances convergence and diversity in high-dimensional, complex multi-objective optimization.
Unlocking Neurodegeneration: Scaffold-Derived Blockers of MAO-B and AChE inspired by Bryophyllum pinnatum: A Structural Exploration
Authors: Olugbogi Ezekiel A. , Omirin Emmanuel S. , Omoseeye Shola D. , Adebisi Aanuoluwapo D. , Owolabi Blessing T. , Aderiye Michael A. , Ajayi Oluwanifemi M. , Onekhena Victor O. , Olatunji Daniel A. , Adetunji Racheal A. , Makanjuola Odunayo B. , Ajibare Ayodeji J. , Folawiyo Moshood , Akintoye Olubode O. , Omotuyi Olaposi I.
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD)and Parkinson's disease (PD) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders with overlapping symptoms. Reduced acetylcholine levels in AD are addressed using Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors prevent dopamine breakdown in PD. Bryophyllum pinnatum, a medicinal plant, that has been used as traditional treatments for various disorders because of its phytochemicals. This study explores its ligands as potential medications for AD and PD by inhibition of AChE and MAO-B. Computer-aided drug design was conducted using Schrödinger Suite software and Maestro 12.8. Ligands from B. pinnatum and standard drugs were docked to the active sites of MAO-B and AChE. ADMET screening and MM/GBSA analysis were performed. Pharmacophore modeling was used to identify compounds matching the reference ligands. After application of all screenings, 4 and 6 hit compounds were found for MAO B & AChE respectively based on good docking score and MM/GBSA as well as good ADMET properties. Pinoresinol was found to be the most potent of the hit compounds. These compounds could be used as neuroprotective agent in near future. Hence, this study provides evidence for consideration of valuable ligands in Bryophyllum pinnatum as potential AChE and MAO-B inhibitors and further in vivo and in vitroinvestigation might prove their therapeutic potential.
Modeling of Ankle Joint Range of Motion and Landing Quality Scores in Female Soccer Players with Quantile Regression Approach
Authors: Rad Niloofar Fakhraei , Alimoradi Mohammad , Antohe Bogdan , Uysal Hüseyin Şahin , Korkmaz Sezgin , Mohammadian Zahra
Published: January 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to model the relationship between ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and landing quality during the Soccer-Specific Jump-Landing task (SSJL) on the non-dominant extremity in elite and amateur female soccer players using a quantile regression approach.
Methods
Fifty-five amateur and forty-seven professional female soccer players participated in the study. The relationship between ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DF-ROM) and soccer-specific jump-landing landing technique quality was evaluated using Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis and linear regression analysis
Results
There was a statistically significant correlation between DF-ROM and SSJL landing quality in amateur female soccer players (r = − 0.63, p = 0.001), no significant correlation was found in elite female soccer players (r = 0.22, p = 0.13). QR model results for amateur female soccer players showed that ankle DF-ROM level affects landing quality more in the group with high SSJL landing quality scores (e.g., Q75 and Q90) compared to the group with low SSJL landing quality scores (e.g., Q10 and Q25).
Conclusions
Ankle DF-ROM level may be a functional clinical measurement for amateur female athletes in determining landing-related injury risk factors during SSJL.
Fuzzy Numbers Unraveling the Intricacies of Neural Network Functionality
Authors: Ramaj Vehbi , Elezaj Rame , Čajić Elvir
Published: January 2024

This research delves into the synergy between fuzzy numbers and neural networks, presenting a novel perspective on interpreting neural network functionality. Fuzzy numbers offer a flexible framework to capture uncertainties and imprecisions, enriching the interpretability of neural network outputs. By integrating fuzzy number theory into the analysis, our study seeks to enhance the transparency and reliability of neural network models, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of their inner
Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute mild gallstone pancreatitis. Is there a role for routine admission contrast-enhanced CT Scan?
Authors: Küstner Stefan , Gallardo Martin , Higuera Felipe , Claria Rodrigo Sánchez , Mazza Oscar , Ardiles Victoria , Pekolj Juan , De Santibañes Martín
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of admission contrast-enhanced CT scans in formulating strategies for performing early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in cases of acute gallstone pancreatitis.
Methods: Patients diagnosed with acute gallstone pancreatitis underwent a CT scan upon admission (after at least 24 hours from symptom onset) to confirm diagnosis and assess peripancreatic fluid, collections, gallstones, and common bile duct stones. Patients with mild acute gallstone pancreatitis, following the Atlanta classification and Baltazar score A or B, were identified as candidates for early cholecystectomy (within 72 hours of admission).
Results: Within the analyzed period, 272 patients were diagnosed with mild acute gallstone pancreatitis according to the Atlanta Guidelines. A total of 33 patients (12.1%) were excluded: 17 (6.25%) due to SIRS, 10 (3.6%) due to local complications identified in CT (Balthazar D/E), and 6 (2.2%) due to severe comorbidities. Enhanced CT scans accurately detected gallstones, common bile duct stones, pancreatic enlargement, inflammation, pancreatic collections, and peripancreatic fluid. Among the cohort, 239 patients were selected for early laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Routine intraoperative cholangiogram was conducted in all cases, and where choledocholithiasis was present, successful treatment occurred through common bile duct exploration. Only one case required conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery. There were no observed severe complications or mortality.
Conclusion: Admission CT scans are instrumental in identifying clinically stable patients with local tomographic complications that contraindicate early surgery. Patients meeting the criteria for mild acute gallstone pancreatitis, as per Atlanta guidelines, without SIRS or local complications (Baltazar D/E), can safely undergo early cholecystectomy within the initial 72 hours of admission.
Effect of oxygen-containing chemical fuel additives on energy, emission and engine combustion parameters for reducing carbon footprint
Authors: ÖZER Salih
Published: January 2024

There have been many research and development studies on the use of biodiesel fuels in compression ignition engines. In recent years, studies with ternary fuel blends formed with different additives to improve the performance characteristics of diesel/biodiesel fuel blends have gained importance. In this study, D80B20, D50B50, D30B50S20, and D30B50G20 fuel blends were formed by mixing biodiesel obtained from canola oil with pure diesel, solketal and butyl diglycol at different ratios. These fuel blends were tested in a compression ignition direct injection diesel engine at a constant engine speed of 3000 rpm and different engine load conditions and their engine performance, exhaust emission and combustion characteristics were investigated. In addition, the thermal and exergy efficiencies of these fuels were calculated as a result of thermodynamic analyses using the results obtained in experimental studies. Improvements in combustion performance (in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, rate of pressure rise and cumulative heat release) and exhaust emissions (CO, HC and smoke) were observed with the addition of solketal and butyl diglycol to diesel-biodiesel binary fuel blends. Exhaust gas temperatures increased with the addition of solketal and butyl diglycol to the binary fuel blends. In the thermodynamic analysis, the lowest exergy destruction and total exergy losses were calculated for D30B50S20 fuel. Therefore, the highest thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency were realised in D30B50S20 fuel.
Decay channels for double extremal black holes in four dimensions
Authors: Aspman Johannes , Manschot Jan
Published: January 2024

We explore decay channels for charged black holes with vanishing temperature in \mathcal{N}=2𝒩=2 supersymmetric compactifications of string theory. If not protected by supersymmetry, such extremal black holes are expected to decay as a consequence of the weak gravity conjecture. We concentrate on double extremal, non-supersymmetric black holes for which the values of the scalar fields are constant throughout space-time, and explore decay channels for which decay into BPS and anti-BPS constituents is energetically favorable. We demonstrate the existence of decay channels at tree level for large families of double extremal black holes. For specific charges, we also find stable non-supersymmetric black holes, suggesting recombination of (anti)-supersymmetric constituents to a non-supersymmetric object.
The evolution of artificial tears based on hyaluronic acid
Authors: Brzhesky V. V. , Bobryshev V. A. , Kim G. G.
Published: January 2024

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of tear substitutes, based on natural polysaccharides in the treatment of dry eye syndrome, the leader of which is hyaluronic acid (HA). It has sufficient biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, high viscoelasticity, hydrophilic, mucus-adhesive and good moisturizing properties. At the same time, in order to improve artificial tear preparations, there is a need to improve the mechanical and rheological properties of HA, its hygroscopicity, swelling in an aqueous environment and reducing the rate of biodegradation. One of the ways to solve this problem was the chemical modification of HA, by cross-linking its chains with two or more covalent bonds, with the participation of various polyfunctional molecules: urea, HA-cysteine ethyl ester, polyfunctional diepoxides, glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide, and many others. At the same time, the rigidity of the three-dimensional polymer network increases, increasing its resistance to enzymatic decomposition at the site of burial. Cross-linked HA has a higher viscosity compared to native hyaluronic acid due to the binding of its chains, which determines longer retention on the corneal epithelium and naturally makes it possible to reduce the frequency of drug instillations. Convincing data were obtained on the effectiveness of the resulting cross-linked hydrogel with non-Newtonian properties in vitro – on cultures of corneal epithelial cells and in vivo – on models of mechanical trauma and chemical burns of the cornea, as well as in animals with torpid corneal ulcers. The clinical effectiveness of cross-linked hyaluronic acid in the treatment of patients with dry eye syndrome of varying severity, including those due to Sjögren’s syndrome, has also been established. The higher effectiveness of cross-linked HA compared to native HA preparations has been convincingly proven. Taking into account the available information, an official drug has been developed based on cross-linked 0.2% hyaluronic acid Ocutears® Hydro+ (Santen).
Comparative analysis of the use of original and standard methods of rehabilitation treatment of dorsopathy
Authors: Yakovlev E. V. , Zhivolupov S. A. , Gnevyshev E. N. , Vetrova T. V. , Butko D. Yu. , Davydov А. T. , Tasoev G. S. , Danilenko L. A. , Kalinina M. V.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The increase in the number of requests for medical help for pain in dorsopathy determines the relevance of this problem. Among all the conditions included in the Health Expenditure Survey, non-specific musculoskeletal back pain ranks first in the world. A special place belongs to cervicothoracic dorsopathy (CТD), which are the most common in developed countries and are characterized by a variety of clinical forms. There is a need to develop safe and effective complexes for the medical rehabilitation of patients with СТD. The complex method of СТD treating with the obligatory use of drug and non-drug methods of treatment prescribed together or sequentially in one complex, in our opinion, is the most optimal.

Aim. To conduct a comparative evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of restorative treatment methods in patients with cervicothoracic dorsopathy.

Materials and methods. Patients with cervicothoracic dorsopathy (n = 220), stratified into 2 comparable groups, were studied, to whom the original (n = 155) and standard (n = 65) methods of restorative treatment were applied. The original method of treatment assumed a combined therapeutic effect with the use of drug therapy and a rehabilitation complex of physiotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic sessions. Statistical analysis included a comparative assessment of the intensity of the pain syndrome, static-dynamic and reflex disorders before and after the therapy.

Results. The original and standard methods used in the course of the study statistically significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the intensity of the pain syndrome and reduced the frequency of reflex disorders. At the same time, the use of the original method of therapy was more effective (p < 0.05) in reducing the severity of the pain syndrome and reducing the frequency of reflex disorders in subgroups of patients, both with uncomplicated and complicated forms of cervicothoracic dorsopathy. The use of a standard method of therapeutic effect significantly reduced the frequency of manifestation of static-dynamic disorders in the group with uncomplicated forms of dorsopathy, while in patients with complicated forms of cervicothoracic dorsopathy, no therapeutic effect was achieved.

Conclusions. The original method of therapy has confirmed its effectiveness, which indicates the need and justification for the use of combined restorative treatment of patients with cervicothoracic dorsopathy.
Experience of pyridoxin and glutamic acid use in effective correction of the main asthenia manifestations
Authors: Shishkova V. N. , Shishkov V. A. , Kapustina L. A. , Mashkovtseva E. V. , Nartsissov Ya. R.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Asthenia manifestation treatment is an urgent problem due to its high frequency in outpatients.

Аim. To evaluate in a controlled randomized clinical trial the efficacy and tolerability of the course use of a combination of pyridoxine and glutamic acid in patients with asthenic complaints.

Materials and methods. 50 outpatients with main asthenia manifestations were included in the study if they complied inclusion criteria and signed the informed consent. After randomization, in group 1 a combined supplement with 2.5 mg of pyridoxin and 100 mg of glutamic acid (Metabovit® Life Energy, MNPK “BIOTIKI”) was added to therapy 1 tablet a day sublingually, in group 2 patients received basic therapy for chronic diseases only. The duration of observation was 21 days. Before and after the end of the study all patients underwent neuropsychological examination, which included the questionnaires: Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), a Reader stress test (adopted by O.Kopina), a questionnaire on the level of life exhaustion (The Maastricht Questionnaire), a “Schulte tables” test with working efficiency evaluation.

Results. In the group of patients receiving Metabovit® Life Energy 1 tablet a day, in comparison with the control group (p < 0.001) the overall score on the MFI-20 self-questionnaire decreased and amounted to 29 [26; 30]; Δ MFI-20 was equal to -22 [-27; -16]; the results reached normative values for most participants; improved time the performance of the “Schulte tables” test decreased by more than 9 seconds; stress levels decreased by almost 30% in men and 20% in women; the indicator of life exhaustion decreased by 60%. In patients in the control group, no significant changes in the studied indicators were detected by the end of the follow-up.

Conclusion. In the group of patients who received the biologically active food supplement Metabovit® Life Energy, there was a significant positive dynamics and regression of most of the symptoms of asthenia, in comparison with the control group.
Problems and decisions in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the role of metformin
Authors: Svetlova O. V. , Gurieva I. V. , Kuzina D. V. , Voronin A. V.
Published: January 2024

Studies on the additional properties of metformin continue despite the long period of its use as an antihyperglycemic drug. Metformin is a member of the biguanide class of drugs and is successfully used for many years in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with normal weight, overweight, and obesity both in monotherapy and in combination with other sugar-lowering drugs. It can be used as a drug for the management of T2DM due to its high sugar-lowering activity, low risk of hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy, neutral effect on weight with its further moderate reduction, good safety profile, and availability for most patients. A decreased peripheral insulin resistance under the influence of metformin leads to increased utilization of glucose in the liver, muscles and adipose tissue, which results in an antihyperglycemic effect and, as a consequence of this, improvement of the disease management, preventing or slowing down the development of late complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin has a proven track record as a drug with many positive effects, which was confirmed in numerous studies in patients with various complications of diabetes mellitus and concomitant pathologies. The article presents data on the use of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for the purpose of preventing sarcopenic obesity and managing its symptoms. Metformin presents some features of interest in preventing the development and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome.
Autoimmune gastritis
Authors: Plotnikova E. Yu.
Published: January 2024

Diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is often challenging because of the absence of typical symptoms. Clinical guidelines are lacking, which results in inadequate treatment and poor cancer screening. This work presents an overview of current management options and aims at raising awareness for this disease. The paper also describes a clinical case of the full-scale course of AIG with all its complications. Autoimmune gastritis is mostly considered as a disease of elderly with vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anaemia. Today it is recognized that AIG is found with a similar prevalence in all age groups, with iron deficiency being a frequent symptom. Conventional therapy consists of adequate iron and vitamin B12 supplementation, as well as symptomatic approaches. The associated risk for gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric neuroendocrine tumours requires regular endoscopic follow-up. New treatments aiming to reduce gastric atrophy and cancer risk are currently under development. Thus, treatment of autoimmune gastritis should focus on optimizing supplementation of vitamin and macronutrient deficiencies, symptomatic therapy that improves quality of life, and include cancer prevention measures. Clinical studies should address the possibility to arrest the inflammation process and to prevent progression of AIG. The author of the article suggests that itopride hydrochloride and rebamipide will be used for symptomatic and pathogenetic therapy. The problem facing gastroenterologists today is to develop domestic guidelines for the management and screening endoscopic intervals of patients with AIG.
Experimental study of the interstitial effect of a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 445 nm on a biological model
Authors: Ivanov N. I. , Zakharova G. P. , Shabalin V. V. , Gaidukov S. S.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. This study presents the results of interstitial exposure of a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 445 nm to biological tissue samples at different pulsed wave power in a constant mode, with a contact method.

Aim. To study the interstitial effect of a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 445 nm on experimental tissue samples in a constant mode at different power.

Materials and methods. As an experimental sample, we used biological tissue with a developed vascular structure in the form of pig liver. The source of laser radiation was a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 445 nm, with a power range from 0.5 to 4 watts. When working with biological tissue samples, we evaluated their external and internal changes after laser exposure. The exposure time during interstitial exposure was 1 mm/sec with a 20 mm immersion depth of the laser fiber into the fabric. The results of the macro and microscopic picture were evaluated using histological examination and morphometry of the zones of destruction and coagulation necrosis, on a transverse section of the tissue.

Results. The results of an experimental study indicate that interstitial laser exposure has a pronounced coagulation effect combined with a cutting effect. The optimal combination of coagulation and cutting effect of exposure, accompanied by visual contractility of the tissue, without excessive carbonation at a power of 3.0 watts.

Conclusion. The use of interstitial exposure of a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 445 nm on experimental tissue samples in a constant mode at different power showed the predominance of the coagulation effect in combination with the cutting effect with a pronounced reduction in tissue volume. Experiments have shown that the power of 3 W is the optimal power of laser exposure in the interstitial method, in which there is a pronounced reduction in the volume of the studied drug without excessive carbonation.
Molecular and genetic predictors of ovarian response in vitro fertilization programs
Authors: Ostrina S. Ya. , Serova O. F. , Rudakova E. B. , Fedorova E. A.
Published: January 2024

The most effective method of treating infertility is in vitro fertilization, the key element of which is ovarian stimulation. Ovarian response in IVF protocols has varying variability among patients. The ovarian response depends on many factors, but none of these factors has sufficient prognostic ability, and therefore the question of the individual ovarian response during stimulation in IVF programs still remains open, and the association of the ovarian response with polymorphisms of certain genes is being actively studied. The most effective IVF programs are observed among patients of young reproductive age. A decrease in the effectiveness of IVF programs and the appearance of complications is observed in patients of advanced reproductive age. Several types of ovarian response have been identified: poor (it is possible to obtain 3 oocytes), normal (from 4 to 15 oocytes), suboptimal response (less than 7 oocytes) and hyperergic response (more than 15 oocytes). Also, there is a group of patients of various age groups with a paradoxical ovarian response to stimulation. The response of oocytes to hormones can be regulated depending on the expression of receptor genes. FSH receptor (FSHR) polymorphism may explain interindividual variability in ovarian response to stimulation. Genetic screening is determined once and does not depend on endogenous and exogenous factors, while allowing you to adjust the dose of gonadotropins in ovarian stimulation protocols. This review presents current data on the polymorphism of the main genes that regulate the ovarian response in stimulating superovulation in in vitro fertilization programs.
Double blind randomized placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of proroxan in the complex therapy of generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Goncharov O. V. , Bereza Zh. V. , Goncharova E. O. , Tikhomirov D. I.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The clinical picture of generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by diffuse anxiety, muscle tension and multiple symptoms of hyperactivity of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. As an alpha-adrenoblocker, proroxan can reduce the hyperactivity of the autonomic nervous system, thereby reducing the severity of anxiety and its somatic symptoms.

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of proroxan in the correction of autonomic disorders in patients with generalized anxiety disorder compared to placebo.

Materials and methods. 100 people participated in the study: 50 – in the study group received the SSRI escitalopram, 50 – in the control group received SSRI + placebo. The diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder was made on the basis of ICD-10 criteria. Psychometric assessment using the Montgomery-Asberg scale was performed (only at the screening visit). Weekly psychometric evaluation was performed using the Hamilton anxiety scale, the SCL-90-R scale to assess somatic manifestations of anxiety, and general clinical impression scales (CGI-S disease severity and CGI-I general improvement).

Results. In the course of the study, statistically significant decrease in the mean value of CGI-S scale was observed in both groups, however, more pronounced in the proroxan group (p > 0.05); in the CGI-I scale, more pronounced improvement was observed in the first week of treatment in the proroxan group (p > 0.05). The HAM-A scale also showed a more significant reduction in anxiety in the proroxan group than in the placebo group (p > 0.05). The SCL-90-R SOM scale showed a decrease in the mean value in both groups, more pronounced in the proroxan group, which confirms the effect of the drug on autonomic symptoms of anxiety (p > 0.05).

Conclusions. The obtained results confirm the superiority of combination therapy with escitalopram and proroxan in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder compared to monotherapy. The advantages of proroxan were the absence of sedative effect and, in general, good tolerability, absence of withdrawal syndrome and control of vegetative manifestations of anxiety.
A drought study in the basin of Lake Urmia under climate change scenarios with higher spatial resolution to understand the resilience of the basin
Authors: Mohammad Pourian Bazzaz Pariya , Sadeghfam Sina , Khatibi Rahman , Nourani Vahid
Published: January 2024

The exposure of the basin of Lake Urmia to meteorological droughts under climate change scenarios is investigated in this study. Should the catastrophic disappearance of the lake be explained by climate change, the basin would not be resilient to droughts in the future. This is examined by a climate change modelling involving downscaling: use 11 general circulation models to provide climate variables downscaled to a high spatial resolution of 57 stations deriving a correlation between observed time series at the base period and climatic variables; projection: derive precipitation at near/far future using the equations; and drought studies: derive 1-month standard precipitation index at the base and near/far future periods. The results identify the following: (i) in the base period, the lowest and highest biases are −2.5 and 3.7 mm, respectively; (ii) in the near/far future periods, the zones are less prone to meteorological droughts in the south, where water is plentiful, but prone in its north, where water is relatively scarce; (iii) the areas are likely to get drier or wetter but their ratios are unlikely to change. This resilience underpins the urge to appropriate policymaking, decision-making, and planning systems to ensure that the basin is made incrementally more resilient.
Association of COVID with Mycosis in General
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Kaur Rajinder , Sumanpreet  , Kaur Manpreet
Published: January 2024

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory disease
which created havoc worldwide, was accompanied by another peculiar, otherwise rare, secondary
fungal infection Mucormycosis which was observed at exceptionally high incidence in India during
the second wave of COVID-19. The article explores possible links between the two infectious diseases
to understand a higher-than-normal occurrence of Mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients. Coronavirus
enters the patients through ACE-2 and many other receptors like- NRP-1, TfR, CD-126, and
CD-26. Virus bind to cells possessing these receptors and affect their proper functioning, disturbing
homeostatic metabolism and resulting in conditions like hyperglycemia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis
(DKA), low serum pH, iron overload, anemia, hypoxia, and immunosuppression as explained in the
article. All these outcomes provide a very supportive environment for the attack and spread of Mucormycosis
fungi. The major receptor for Mucormycosis in humans is the GRP-78. Its expression is
upregulated by coronavirus entry and by hyperferritinemia, hyperglycemia, and acidic conditions
prevalent in COVID patients, thus providing an easy entry for the fungal species. Upregulation of
GRP-78 furthermore damages pancreatic β-cells and intensifies hyperglycemia, showing quite a
synergic relationship. Inordinate rise of Mucormycosis cases in India might be explained by facts
like- India possessing a large proportion of diabetic patients, emergence of a very deadly strain of
coronavirus- Delta strain, higher doses of steroids and antibodies used to treat patients against this
strain, overburdened health care services, sudden much higher need of oxygen supply and use of
industrial oxygen could explain the Mucormycosis outbreak observed in India during the second
wave of COVID-19.

Objective:

The present review discusses the functional interdependence between COVID-19 and
Mucormycosis and summarizes the possible synergic links between COVID and Mucormycosis.

Conclusion:

The receptors and metabolic pathways affected by COVID-19 result in severe physiological conditions- hyperglycemia, DKA, anemia, iron overload, immunosuppression, and hypoxia.
All these conditions not only increase the expression of GRP-78, the major receptor for entry of fungi but also play a crucial role in providing quality media for Mucormycosis fungus to establish and
grow. Hence explains the fungal epidemic observed in India during the second wave of COVID-19
in India.
Quetiapine and Valproic Acid-induced Central Hypothyroidism in a
Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intractable Epilepsy: A Case
Report
Authors: Daramjav Narantsatsral , Takagi Junko , Iwayama Hideyuki , Kanemoto Kousuke , Otake Kazuo
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

Patients with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are prone to disruptive
behaviors and aggression. A typical antipsychotics are used to treat these difficult ASD conditions.
Several psychotropic drugs have been linked to hypothyroidism. The clinical manifestation
of hypothyroidism is indistinguishable from that of an antipsychotic’s general adverse effect,
which can lead to a delayed or missed diagnosis. Conversely, thyroid dysfunction can exhibit
an impact on mood, anxiety, depression, and cognitive functions.

Case Study:

We present a case of central hypothyroidism caused by long-term use of
valproic acid (VPA) and adding quetiapine to risperidone. The current case had a history of hyperprolactinemia
and subclinical hypothyroidism caused by risperidone and VPA, respectively,
before the administration of quetiapine.

Conclusion:

This is the first report of quetiapine-induced central hypothyroidism in a patient
with ASD, as determined by a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) loading test. TRH loading
test may be useful in elucidating the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism in patients receiving quetiapine
and VPA. Thyroid function monitoring in patients taking quetiapine and VPA may provide
an opportunity to begin replacement therapy.
Design Formulation of Nanospanlastic Novel Carriers as a Promising
Approach to Enhanced Bioavailability in Intranasal Drug Delivery for
Sinusitis: Statistical Optimization and In vitro and In vivo Characterization
Authors: Chettupalli Ananda Kumar , Ajmera Srivani , Kuchukuntla Mounika , Palanivel Venkatesan , Katta Sunand
Published: January 2024

Background:

Most new biologically active chemicals require better water solubility and slower dissolution rates. Cefdinir (CFD) has a very low bioavailability in its crystalline form and is poorly soluble in water.

Objective:

By preparing cefdinir's spanlastic nanovesicles (SNVs) using the ethanol injection method, the current study has attempted to enhance the drug's solubility and bioavailability using a statistical design approach.

Methods:

Independent variables, including the nonionic surfactant concentration, edge activator (EA), sonication time, SNVs entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, PDI, and in vitro release, have been evaluated. The best CFD-SNVs were positioned within in situ gel with muco-adhesive properties made of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and deacetylated gellan gum. By contrasting intranasal injection of the produced gel with an IV solution, animal models have been used to investigate CFD's systemic and cerebral dynamics.

Results:

Statistical analysis has suggested an ideal SNVs formulation with nonionic surfactant (65 mg), EA (15 mg), and sonication (3 min). The sol-gel temperature for forming the mucoad-hesive in situ gel containing SNVs has been found to be 34.03°C, and 18.36 minutes has been the extended mucociliary transit time. Following intranasal injection, compared to SNV dispersion, the gelling system has exhibited higher brain bioavailability (2251.9 ± 75 vs. 5281.6 ± 51%, re-spectively). The gel has also demonstrated effective drug targeting of the brain with higher direct transport percentage indices.

Conclusion:

Mucoadhesive in situ gel with CFD-loaded SNVs can be administered via the in-tranasal route. To enhance bioavailability in the brain and drug targeting from the nose to the brain, nasal in situ gel loaded with CFD-SNVs could be a new carrier to be employed in sinusitis.
The Potential of Quality Target Product Profile in the Optimization of Nanoemulsions
Authors: Kapoor Devesh U. , Kukkar Rajiv R. , Gaur Mansi , Prajapati Bhupendra G. , Malviya Rishabha
Published: January 2024

The application of Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) in optimizing nanoemulsion
(NEM) shows immense potential in advancing pharmaceutical formulation design for effective
drug delivery. By aligning QTPP with nanoemulsion attributes, this approach offers a pathway to
tailored formulations that meet specific therapeutic objectives and responses. Incorporating QTPP
facilitates informed choices in formulating design, covering pivotal factors like stability, drug release
kinetics, bioavailability, and precise targeting. Moreover, this review extensively explores
the real-world application of QTPP-guided tactics in refining nanoemulsion optimization. It highlights
their pivotal role in anticipating and regulating in vivo responses, encompassing vital aspects
like pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. By conducting thorough examinations of
case studies and research outcomes, this article clarifies the effectiveness of aligning QTPP criteria
with NEM characteristics. This approach fosters the creation of customized formulations precisely
suited to achieve distinct therapeutic objectives. This review amalgamates contemporary
insights into harnessing QTPP for nanoemulsion optimization, illuminating its capacity to streamline
formulation design, amplify treatment effectiveness by desiring drug release, and catalyze
transformative shifts in pharmaceutical research.
Nanomedicine as a Better Therapeutic Approach: An Overview
Authors: Das Arnab , Chakrabarti Srijita
Published: January 2024

:

The fields of nanotechnology and nanomedicine have undergone a revolution. There has been a striking rise in authorized nanomedicines since 1980. Apart from functioning as thera-peutic agents, they also act as carriers for delivering various active pharmaceuticals to target or-gans. The ultimate goal of nanomedicine has always been the generation of translational technol-ogies that can improve current therapies. Nanocrystals, nanotubes, liposomes, exosomes, solid li-pid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and metallic and magnetic nanoparticles are examples of nanostructures that are now in the market as well as in ongoing research. The preparation of these nanomaterials requires consideration of a number of difficulties. Only a few of these nano-materials were successful in obtaining marketing permission after passing all required toxicologi-cal and ethical evaluations and making them affordable to users and, at the same time, profitable to investors. Cancer, central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and cardiovascular (CVS) diseases represented the primary targets of nanotechnology applied to medicine. Therefore, this review ar-ticle is focused on providing a summary of several nano-based delivery systems, including their limitations and prospects in different therapeutic fields.
Bunga melati sebagai ornamen penciptaan keramik tempat minum
Authors: Pratama Adnan Dani , Muhajirin Muhajirin
Published: January 2024

Penulisan Tugas Akhir Karya Seni ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan konsep, mendeskripsikan proses, mendeskripsikan hasil penciptaan tempat minum keramik dengan inspirasi bunga melati, sajian, dan publikasi. Metode penciptaan tempat minum ini melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu eksplorasi, perencanaan, dan perwujudan. Hasil dari penciptaan produk keramik tempat minum dengan teknik putar centering. 1) Desain motif karya mendeskripsikan ide gagasan yaitu bunga melati dengan mengambil motif serta warnanya dan di masukkan ke dalam karya tempat minum. 2) Menerapkan proses penciptaan dari persiapan alat dan bahan, proses pembentukan sesuai gambar kerja, dekorasi, pembakaran biskuit, pengglasiran, pembakaran glasir, serta yang terakhir adalah pengecekan akhir untuk memastikan karya sudah siap untuk dipamerkan. 3) Hasil karya berjumlah 27 karya, dengan 7 tema dan bentuk yang berbeda, dengan memperlihatkan aspek-aspek sebagai berikut : 1) Aspek bahan, 2) Aspek ergonomi, 3) Aspek estetika, 4) Aspek ekonomi.
Media buku bergambar materi pengenalan benda di sekitar untuk siswa taman kanak-kanak
Authors: Nugraha Hendra Aulia , Handoko Aran
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran berupa buku bergambar materi pengenalan benda-benda di sekitar pada anak usia dini dan untuk mengetahui tingkat kelayakan media yang dikembangkan pada anak usia dini TK Bintang Kecil di Wirobrajan, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan RD (Research and Development). Dengan prosedur pengembangan Borg and Gall yang sudah dimodifikasi oleh Sugiyono dengan langkah yang terdiri dari: a) analisis potensi dan masalah, b) pengumpulan data, c) pengembangan media, d) validasi media dan e) revisi media. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan instrumen wawancara dan angket. Validasi media dilakukan secara online oleh validator ahli bahasa, ahli media dan respon pengguna yaitu salah satu guru TK Bintang Kecil. Penilaian menggunakan data kualitatif dengan hasil akhir berupa data analisis deskriptif persentase. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak usia dini TK Bintang Kecil. Hasil penelitian berupa, 1) media pembelajaran berupa buku bergambar materi pengenalan benda-benda di sekitar untuk TK Bintang Kecil. 2) Penilaian kelayakan media buku bergambar materi pengenalan benda-benda di sekitar untuk TK Bintang Kecil. Berdasarkan hasil validasi ahli bahasa memperoleh rata-rata skor persentase 100%, termasuk dalam kategori “sangat baik”, kemudian dari ahli media memperoleh rata-rata skor persentase 73,75%, termasuk dalam kategori “baik”, dan dari pendapat guru sebagai pengguna, memperoleh rata-rata skor persentase 98,6%, termasuk dalam kategori “sangat setuju”. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan media buku bergambar materi pengenalan benda-benda di sekitar untuk TK Bintang Kecil, Wirobrajan, Yogyakarta dinyatakan berhasil dan layak untuk digunakan.
Media pembelajaran modul desain komunikasi visual dengan materi art merchandise untuk siswa SMK
Authors: Rohman Dwi Nur , Handoko Aran
Published: January 2024

Penelitian bertujuan terciptanya modul Art Mercahadnise mata pelajaran komputer grafis dan mengetahui kelayakan modul dengan materi Art Merchandise untuk siswa sebagai materi pendamping belajar mandiri dan pembelajaran.Menggunakan metode ADDIE merupakan pembelajaran disengaja yang berpusat pada siswa, inovatif, otentik, dan inspiratif tersusun pada kerangka pengembangan dengan tahapan : menganalisis, mendesain, mengembangkan, mengimplementasikan, dan mengevaluasi (Branch, 2009:1). Tahapan  penelitian observasi, wawancara, penemuan potensi dan masalah, pengumpulan data, mendesain produk, memvalidasi produk dengan memvalidasi instrumen, selanjutnya proses validasi oleh ahli materi, bahasa, media, dan guru komputer grafis, revisi desain sesuai dengan masukan dan kritik, pre-test , uji coba pada siswa kelas XI DKV, post-test, evaluasi bersama dengan pemberian angket penilaian modul belajar kepada siswa. Analisis data menggunakan kuantitatif dan kualitatif.Hasil penelitian modul belajar “Perancangan Art Merchandise” dapat dipergunakan siswa jenjang SMK kelas XI desain komunikasi visual materi pelajaran komputer grafis dalam bentuk buku modul pendamping serta file PDF. Hasil penilaian ahli materi, bahasa, media dan hasil dari guru komputer grafis memperoleh kategori baik, jika semua nilai dari setiap validator ahli dikonversikan dengan kriteria kualitatif memperoleh kategori nilai baik. Rata-rata pre-test dan post-test memiliki peningkatan rata-rata nilai sebesar 15,2 dari sebelum pengaplikasian modul yang diikuti oleh ketiga kelas dengan 77 siswa yang mengikuti test. Evaluasi modul melibatkan 87 siswa untuk menilai kelayakan modul didapatkan hasil rata-rata 88,4. Sehingga menghasilkan modul belajar bagi peserta didik yang layak dan dapat dipergunakan sebagai pendamping proses belajar mandiri dan pembelajaran siswa di sekolah.
Karakteristik bentuk dan warna seni mural karya komunitas Kawa Kutak Katik di kota Pangkalpinang
Authors: Hikam Ahdan Sayid , Suardana I Wayan
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis bentuk dan karakteristik warna pada seni mural karya komunitas Kawa Kutak Katik yang ada di Kota Pangkalpinang, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu teknik pengumpulan datanya dengan membuat gambaran secara sistematis dan akurat mengenai fakta-fakta serta pada dasarnya mengenai bentuk dan karakteristik warna karya seni mural tersebut. Langkah-langkah penelitian meliputi pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dengan alat bantu berupa: kamera, alat perekam (handphone). Sedangkan pemeriksaan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan perpanjangan keikutsertaan, ketekunan pengamat, dan triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: 1) Bentuk yang ditampilkan komunitas Kawa Kutak Katik pada karya mural yang ada di Kota Pangkalpinang berupa objek ikonik yang ada di Pulau Bangka. 2) Karakteristik warna seni mural karya komunitas Kawa Kutak Katik yang ada di Kota Pangkalpinang yang membawa pembaruan atau penyegaran sehingga memberikan warna baru yang mana sebelumnya karya mural yang sering ditemui masih bergaya tradisional atau harus mirip dengan objek aslinya, baik secara bentuk dan warna. Kata Kunci: Bentuk, Karakteristik, Warna, Seni Mural, Komunitas Kawa Kutak Katik