bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GREEN ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIAN INDUSTRIES: A STUDY OF SELECTED OIL AND GAS FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Okporo E. N. , Okafor L. C. , Chukwu U. C. , Uguru L. C.
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the effect of Green Accounting on the financial performance of selected oil and gas firms in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to: investigate the effect of emission control cost, the effect of renewable energy cost, and the effect of pollution remediation costs control on the financial performance of selected oil and gas firms in Nigeria. The study adopted ex post facto research design and the panel least squares regression technique. The study found that: emission control cost with coefficient (421.2015) and p-value (0.0022) has significant positive effect on the return on capital of selected listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria; pollution control cost with Coefficient of 2.018446 and p-value  of 0.0000, has positive significant effect on the return on capital of selected listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria and that renewable cost energy with coefficient (80.40683) and p-value (0.0056) has significant positive effect on the return on capital of selected listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. The study concluded that Green accounting has significant positive effect on the financial performance of selected oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were put forward: the oil and gas firms should prioritize Green Accounting as a significant component of their management process, the firms should adopt management practice, and as well adopt the pollution remediation, emission control and renewable energy control costs accounting in their production accounting model.
The Impact of the Learning Environment on Self-efficacy and Achievement Goals of Israeli Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Amasha Marcel
Published: October 2024

Advancing public education by improving the skills and knowledge of its teachers is a major challenge. The teacher-training phase shapes not only skills and abilities but also perceptions of pre-service teachers regarding their educational and teaching goals. We examined a hypothetical theoretical model that explains how pre-service teachers’ perceptions of their own learning environment affects belief in their self-efficacy in teaching, and how this shape their achievement goals in teaching as future educators. The study included 278 pre-service teachers studying at all five colleges in our country that offer teacher training programs. Existing questionnaires were adapted to the study population and underwent structure validation. The hypothesized structural model was deemed a good fit for the data and was able to explain 35% of variance in the mastery goals of pre-service teachers, 24% of variance in performance-approach goals, and 65% of variance in performance-avoidance goals. The structural model shows that perception of the learning environment has a strong and significant impact on teaching ability and the achievement goals of pre-service teachers. Fostering a constructivist learning environment in teacher training colleges may increase belief in self-efficacy in teaching and enable pre-service teachers to adopt teaching control goals.
Motivation and Behavioral Engagement: The Mediating Role of Mathematics Self-Efficacy in Primary Education
Authors: Hidayatullah Achmad , Abidin Ratno , Muqit Abdul
Published: October 2024

The primary objective of this study is to explore the interrelation between motivation, self-efficacy, and behavioral engagement in primary school mathematics learning. This study also examines the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between motivation and behavioral engagement. The research involved 660 fifth and sixth grade students in four schools in Surabaya, Indonesia. The data collected was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The study revealed that motivation is key to enhancing students’ self-efficacy and behavioral engagement during mathematics learning. Additionally, self-efficacy was found to be linked with students’ behavioral engagement. Furthermore, self-efficacy was identified as a mediator in the relationship between motivation toward mathematics and behavioral engagement during mathematics learning. The study provides valuable insights into these variables in the Indonesian context, particularly in elementary schools for mathematics learning. The research also discusses the implications of the study for teaching practices.
Navigating the College Students' Adversities: The Role of Academic Buoyancy and Motivation on Learning Achievement
Authors: Rafsanjani Mohamad Arief , Wahyudi Handri Dian , Dewi Retno Mustika , Kamalia Putri Ulfa
Published: October 2024

Understanding the predictor of learning achievement among college students is crucial to adopting the appropriate learning strategy. Academic buoyancy is one of the predictors of learning achievement, playing a vital role in helping students navigate academic setbacks and adversities. However, the previous studies failed to reveal a robust link between the two variables. Therefore, this study aims to explain the nexus between academic buoyancy and students’ learning achievement more clearly by introducing the mediating variable, motivational constructs, which include self-efficacy, persistence, and anxiety. This study involved 493 college students in Indonesia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized to examine the research hypotheses. The results show that academic buoyancy directly affects learning achievement. Furthermore, motivational constructs (self-efficacy, persistence, and anxiety) significantly mediate the relationship between academic buoyancy and learning achievement. This study contributes to the literature by explaining how academic buoyancy affects learning achievement through motivational constructs as a mediating variable. Furthermore, the university must promote students’ academic buoyancy and motivational constructs by providing counseling services and encouraging students to recognize and address the adversities during lecture activities.
The Forage Yield and Silage Quality of Maize-Sorghum-Sainfoin Mixtures
Authors: Çopur Doğrusöz Medine , Başaran Uğur , Gülümser Erdem , Mut Hanife
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study was to determine forage yield and silage quality in maize/sorghum (M/S) with sainfoin (SA). The field trial was conducted in 2022 to study the effects of different binary sowing ratios (80%M-20%SA, 60%M-40%SA, 30%M-70%SA; 80%S-20%SA, 60%S-40%SA, 30%S-70%SA, 100%M, 100%SA, 100%S) in 3 replications. Prior to ensiling, the hay yield and fresh yield in the intercropping plots were measured. Parameters of dry matter ratio, pH, crude protein, ADF, NDF, mineral matters, and organic acid were defined in silages opened after fermentation. Before ensiling the highest yield was obtained from maize and yield decreased with an increase in sainfoin sowing density. After ensiling, all of the silage parameters were affected by mixing ratios. When the sainfoin ratio was decreased, dry matter, crude protein, and pH of mixture silages were dramatically reduced, but mineral matters were increased. The highest dry matter was determined in sole sainfoin silage. The best results of lactic acid and acetic acid contents were defined in 80%S-20%SA and 60%S-40%SA silage (except for sole treatments). Besides, it was seen that the addition of sorghum to sainfoin silage increases lactic acid content compared to maize. As a result, intercropping of sainfoin with maize and sorghum provided profitable feed production and improved silage quality. As a result, intercropping of sainfoin with maize and sorghum provided profitable feed production and improved silage quality.
Effects of Mercury on the Growth and Development of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Kökdener Meltem , Sert Nazlı
Published: October 2024

Mercury is a highly toxic heavy metal and a serious source of environmental pollutants. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of mercury on some life history parameters of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae). Forty larvae of M. domestica were placed on rearing media with three different concentrations of mercury (1.5 µg/g, 2 µg/g, 2.5 µg/g), and some life history parameters recorded (larval and pupal periods, larval, pupal and adult weights, larval and pupal survival rate). The development of M. domestica was studied at 30°C, 50% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h.
In the present study, larval and pupal survival decreased as mercury concentrations increased and mercury decreased the pupal weight compared to the control. It has been demonstrated that the life-history parameters of M. domestica are sensitive to mercury residue and mercury changes in the environment. This study provides basic knowledge about the biology of this species, suggesting that the effect of the presence of mercury on larval development in corpses found in industrialized areas with high heavy metal pollution should be kept in mind in criminal investigations.
Tarla Pülverizatörleri ile Pestisit Uygulamalarında Penetrasyon ve Pestisit Sürüklenmesinin İyileştirilmesi Amacıyla Bir Aparatın Geliştirilmesi
Authors: Yaşar Nedim , Çelen İlker Hüseyin
Published: October 2024

Pestisit uygulamalarında uygulama başarısının düşmesi ve gereksiz pestisit kullanımının yanında çevre ve canlıların olumsuz etkisini de dikkate almak gerekir. Bu çalışmada gerek pestisit sürüklenmesini gerekse penetrasyonu iyileştirmek amacıyla tarla pülverizatörlerine takılacak bir aparat geliştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla bir bum önüne takılan boru aparat ve arkasına takılan bir sac perde (siper) kullanılarak oluşturulan tasarım, klasik bir pülverizatör kullanılarak yapılan uygulama ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, suya duyarlı kağıtlar yardımıyla damla örnekleri toplanmış ve değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Denemelerde basınç değişiminin etkisi dikkate alınarak doğru uygulama şartları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Sürüklenmeyi önlemek amacıyla ilerleme yönüne göre bumun arka tarafına takılan aparat sayesinde gerek ilerleme hızı ile gerekse rüzgâr sebebiyle damlaların hareketi kısıtlanmış ve penetrasyon iyileşmiştir. Buna ek olarak pestisit sürüklenmesinin azaltıldığı gözlenmiştir. Ancak bunun etkisi ile bitki üzerinde kalan damla sayısı artmıştır. Bu da aşırı bir birikime sebep olmuştur. Püskürtme uygulamasında basınç değerleri incelendiğinde basınç arttıkça genel olarak penetrasyon iyileştiği belirlenmiştir. Ancak damla boyutları üst üste gelme (örtüşme) sebebiyle artış gözlenmiş ve lekeler büyüdüğü için üst yüzeylerde artışlar kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Klasik ve yeni sistem karşılaştırıldığında 2-4-6 bar için elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde yeni sistemde sırasıyla %35.8-57.8-41.9 Dv0.5 değeri değişim göstererek azalmıştır. Yüzey kaplama değeri ise basınç değişiminde (2-4-6 bar) sırasıyla yeni sistemde %60-71.4-70.8 değişim gerçekleşmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonunda geliştirilen bu aparatın buğday yetiştiriciliği yapılan tarım alanında başarısı ortaya konulmuştur.
Determining the Potential of Lavender as Cut Flower: Enhancing Vase Life with Different Vase Solutions
Authors: Dalda Şekerci Akife
Published: October 2024

Lavender, renowned for its pleasant aroma and beautiful spike structure, is a popular decorative plant often utilized in dried form for vase arrangements. However, its potential as a fresh cut flower has been relatively underexplored. This study aimed to assess the potential of lavender as a cut flower and investigate the impact of various vase solutions on its vase life. Two different lavender species türü (Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula hybrida) were subjected to seven different vase solutions: control (water), two different doses of silver nitrate (AgNO3), salicylic acid, sodium hypochlorite, lavender essential oil, and vinegar. The effects of these solutions on vase life and overall quality were evaluated. Results indicate that lavender holds significant potential as a cut flower when placed in appropriate vase solutions. Among the solutions tested, silver nitrate treatments exhibited the longest vase life in both species, extending vase life up to threefold compared to the control, while also limiting microbial activity within the vase and preserving flower color. This study underscores the importance of selecting suitable vase solutions to maximize the vase life and aesthetic appeal of lavender as a cut flower.
Farklı Silajlık Mısır Çeşitlerinin ve Sıra Üzeri Mesafelerin Kalite Parametrelerine Etkisi
Authors: Bulut Sancar , Öner Fatih , Şimşek Soysal Ayşe Özge
Published: October 2024

2012-2013 yıllarında Mısır (Zea mays) ile sulu koşullarda ikinci ürün olarak yürütülen çalışmada; farklı mısır çeşitleri ve sıra arası mesafe denenmiştir. Araştırmada; KWS 6565, Tarex 596 ve Maro SNH 8606 mısır çeşitleri ile 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 cm sıra üzeri mesafe alarak ayarlanmıştır. Tesadüf Bloklarında Faktöriyel Düzenleme Deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulan araştırmada, ham protein oranı (%), ADF (%), NDF (%), ham kül (%) ve ham selüloz (%) değerleri ile tanede bulunan yağ asidi miktarları Palmitik asit (%), Stearik asit (%), Oleik asit (%), Linoleik asit (%), Linolenik asit (%) incelenmiştir. Yıllar arasında Linolenik asit hariç incelenen tüm parametreler arasında istatistiki farklılık olmuştur. Kullanılan çeşitler içerisinde KWS 6565 çeşidi ham protein ve ham selüloz değerleri açısından istatistiksel olarak ilk grupta yer alırken, ADF değeri için en düşük istatistiksel grupta yeralmıştır. Maro SNH 8606 çeşidi yalnızca ham selüloz değerleri açısından ilk grupta yer alırken, Tarex 596 çeşidi ADF ve ham kül değerleri bakımından ilk grupta bulunmuştur. Sıklıklar açısından; 12 cm sıra üzerinde ADF ve NDF değerleri çoklu karşılaştırma testi sonucu ilk grubu oluşturmuştur. Ham protein değeri bakımından 14 cm ve 16 cm sırasıyla (%9.8-9.9) ile ilk grubu, ADF ve NDF değerinde12 cm, ham kül ve ham selüloz değerleri incelendiğinde 24 cm sıra üzeri mesafede istatistiksel olarak ilk grubu oluşturmuşlardır.
Silajlık mısırda kaliteyi oluşturan bu parametreler incelendiğinde Y×Ç, Y×S ikili interaksiyonları ham kül değerleri hariç tüm parametreler açısından çok önemli bulunmuştur. Çeşit ve sıklık değerleri yıllar arasında farklılık göstermiş bu farklılık anlamlı olmuştur. YxÇxS üçlü interaksiyonu icelendiğinde tüm incelenen parametreler istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur.
Los voladores de Papantla: persistencias coloniales y resistencias comunitarias en dos prácticas en México
Authors: Contreras Vizcaino José Javier , Ramírez Herrera Gastón
Published: October 2024

The ritual ceremony of the Papantla flyers is a pre-Hispanic cultural practice performed since 600 B. C. by various indigenous peoples of Mexico and Central America. This intricate ceremony comprises multiple stages, with the most notable being “the flight,” where a group of five individuals ascend a tall mast, known as the flying pole, to perform songs and dances from the top. Tied by their feet with ropes, the flyers then descend in concentric circles until they reach the ground. This article focuses on two contemporary practices in Mexico: one at the Xcaret Tourist Park in Quintana Roo, and the other in the municipality of Papantla, Veracruz. The aim is to compare these practices to highlight the tensions between colonial legacies and community resistance. Using the method of montage, we analyze two dialectical images across different dimensions: spaces, times, technical-material contents, participating social subjects, and the objectivity of the practice itself. The results reveal the tension between the colonial persistence of capitalist modernity—manifested in the commodification and patrimonialization of the practice—and community resistance, demonstrated through the revival of memories and traditions. While this research focuses on two specific practices, the methodological and analytical approach can be applied to other activities within the ritual flyers ceremony, or to other cultural practices recognized as intangible cultural heritage. This study contributes to the field of critical heritage studies.
Discriminating neural ensemble patterns through dendritic computations in randomly connected feedforward networks
Authors: Somashekar Bhanu Priya , Bhalla Upinder Singh
Published: October 2024

Co-active or temporally ordered neural ensembles are a signature of salient sensory, motor, and cognitive events. Local convergence of such patterned activity as synaptic clusters on dendrites could help single neurons harness the potential of dendritic nonlinearities to decode neural activity patterns. We combined theory and simulations to assess the likelihood of whether projections from neural ensembles could converge onto synaptic clusters even in networks with random connectivity. Using rat hippocampal and cortical network statistics, we show that clustered convergence of axons from 3-4 different co-active ensembles is likely even in randomly connected networks, leading to representation of arbitrary input combinations in at least ten target neurons in a 100,000 population. In the presence of larger ensembles, spatiotemporally ordered convergence of 3-5 axons from temporally ordered ensembles is also likely. These active clusters result in higher neuronal activation in the presence of strong dendritic nonlinearities and low background activity. We mathematically and computationally demonstrate a tight interplay between network connectivity, spatiotemporal scales of subcellular electrical and chemical mechanisms, dendritic nonlinearities, and uncorrelated background activity. We suggest that dendritic clustered and sequence computation is pervasive, but its expression as somatic selectivity requires confluence of physiology, background activity, and connectomics.
A humoral immune response to parasitoid wasps in Drosophila is regulated by JAK/STAT, NF-κB and GATA
Authors: Zhou Shuyu Olivia , Day Jonathan P , Deplancke Bart , Leitão Alexandre B , Jiggins Francis M
Published: October 2024

The two arms of innate immunity consist of the cell-mediated cellular defenses and the systemic humoral immune responses.
Drosophila
humoral immune defenses in the context of antimicrobial immunity, particularly the regulation and activation of antimicrobial peptide secretion from the fat body, have been studied extensively. How
Drosophila
regulates humoral immunity against another major natural enemy, the parasitoid wasp, is less well-characterized. In this study, we focused on a gene crucial in anti-parasitoid immunity,
lectin-24A
, which is specifically induced following parasitization. We found that a fluorescent reporter driven by the region upstream of
lectin-24A
showed localized posterior expression in the larval fat body, the
Drosophila
tissue mediating humoral immunity. Furthermore, with RNA sequencing of the anterior and posterior fat body sections, we found that components of JAK/STAT, GATA, and Toll pathways were regulated differentially in the anterior-posterior axis of the fat body and/or by infection. Predicted binding motifs for transcription factors in all three of these pathways were identified in the 444bp upstream region of the
lectin-24A
gene, where scrambling these motifs leads to reduced basal or induced expression of the fluorescent reporter. Investigating each of these pathways, we found that JAK/STAT, the GATA factor Pannier, and the NF-κB factor dorsal all modulate the expression of
lectin-24A
. The binding motifs associated with these transcription factors were also enriched in the upstream sequences of parasitism-induced genes in the fat body. Taken together, these results indicate that JAK/STAT, Pannier, and NF-κB signaling are involved in the regulation of
lectin-24A
and, more generally,
Drosophila
humoral anti-parasitoid immunity after infection.
From the University to the Pluriversity? A Reflexive Critical Literature Review of Indigenous Artisan Community Engagement in Decolonial Education and Knowledge Co-Production with Design Programs in Latin America
Authors: Maya Tapiero Sebastián , Albarrán González Diana , Cambpell Angus Donald
Published: October 2024

Decolonization initiatives in design have sparked growing interest among academics worldwide. While these initiatives foster collaborative design with diverse communities in Latin America, their theories and practices often diverge significantly. How to critically integrate these decolonial models into learning processes and knowledge creation with other communities within the university? To address these questions, we undertake a reflexive critical literature review from an artisanal perspective, moving away from objective systems and standardized measurements of knowledge, integrating our experiences, and highlighting our concerns as educators and students from the Global South. This review highlights two key themes in decolonial studies literature: understanding power relations and the roles in knowledge production, and identifying prevailing ideas and practices in knowledge creation with other entities. Using this information, we establish a three-way conversation to examine the limits of neoliberal modern-colonial education within reflexive critical practice, drawing on our own experiences and positionalities.
The Visitor’s Hut: An Integrative Methodology
Authors: Boyer Britta
Published: October 2024

International collaborative projects can export inequalities and power dynamics across borders. The Visitor’s Hut offers transformative possibilities in knowledge recovery that advance other ways of knowing through its active, other-seeking dialogic approach. Visiting prioritizes more equitable and community-grounded ways to mitigate power imbalances in international design research, where the methodology can become the site for repair by negotiating and translating, through design. In this paper, I showcase the methodology, first theorized in my PhD thesis and further put into practice through research on weaving ecologies in Myanmar, illustrating how knowledge is dynamic, created alongside others in a shared third space between cultures, languages, and people. This ongoing decolonization discussion invites us, as academic researchers, scholars, and practitioners, to actively reflect upon ‘me’, ‘us’, and ‘them’ within different temporal dimensions, remote relations, and the increasing use of technology.
Corredores Verdes al interior de la Reserva de la Biosfera La Campana - Peñuelas. Estación Palmas de Ocoa como detonante para la (re) generación urbana en la localidad de Rabuco.
Authors:   , Malonnek Bianchi Kristel Marie
Published: October 2024

En la zona central de Chile se encuentra una de las 10 Reservas de la Biosfera ubicadas en el país, esta corresponde a la Reserva de la Biosfera La Campana Peñuelas. Estas reservas correspondena territorios reconocidos por la UNESCO debido a su capacidad de representatividad de ecosistemas endémicos y que al mismo tiempo se ven amenazados debido a la acción antrópica. La vocación de estos territorios está relacionada a la experimentación entorno a la conservación de la biodiversidad y la gestión de los recursos naturales necesarios para la vida humana. Dentro de este contexto, la reactivación del tren Santiago Valparaíso contempla la reutilización del antiguo trazado ferroviario,donde parte de este trazado va de manera perimetral a la reserva y en algunos puntos se inserta en ella. La investigación plantea la necesidad de entender el proyecto ferroviario y los sistemas de movilidad como sistemas integrados al territorio, que potencien la Reserva y pongan en valor su patrimonio ecológico. De esta forma, seconsolida y fortalece la relación entre el territorio y sus habitantes por medio de estrategias espaciales y territoriales que articulen las estaciones y los núcleos de la Reserva a través de Corredores Verdes, cuya función es estructurar un recorrido que sedesprende del trazado ferroviario, conectando con el núcleo de la Reserva. Los Corredores Verdes se encuentran dentro de la categoría de Infraestructura Verde y corresponden a vías de movilidad que se asocian a los elementos lineales del paisaje, sean artificiales, como bordes de caminos, o naturales, como cursos de agua. Estos corredores son vías exclusivas para peatones, ciclistas y para la biodiversidad, promoviendo la movilidad activa a la vez que el desarrollo de los Servicios ecosistémicos.
Priorización de productos para el desarrollo del Plan Nacional de Geología mediante herramientas de análisis multicriterio
Authors:   , CANCINO GUAJARDO GUSTAVO ADOLFO
Published: October 2024

El Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería de Chile (SERNAGEOMIN), tiene como uno de sus ejes estratégicos proporcionar información geológica básica para contribuir al desarrollo del país a través de programas de levantamientos de información. Con este propósito en el año 2011 se inició el Plan Nacional de Geología (PNG), encargado de confeccionar mapas geológicos a escala 1:100.000. En el año 2019 existía cartografía geológica al norte de los 30º S, que cubría el 37% del país, y actualmente se realiza el levantamiento geológico en el resto del territorio nacional. La planificación de estos trabajos ha sido en base a criterios simples, pero no siempre considera costo-beneficio, ni maximiza su valor para la sociedad. En este trabajo se analiza el territorio entre los 30° y 43°50' S con el objetivo de priorizar áreas donde realizar mapas geológicos. En particular se utiliza el método de Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (AHP) y el álgebra de mapas a partir del uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Estos en su conjunto permiten valorizar, por medio de la ponderación de criterios, las zonas prioritarias para el mapeo geológico considerando múltiples variables y juicios de expertos. Los resultados muestran que es factible obtener resultados coherentes con el medio, siendo las áreas con alta prioridad coincidentes con zonas cordilleranas y de depresión intermedia, destacadas por su importancia geológica y productiva. Este enfoque confirma la hipótesis de que el método AHP y el álgebra de mapas pueden mejorar la planificación territorial del PNG en pos de satisfacer de manera más eficiente las necesidades del país. Para mantener una correcta planificación estratégica y alineada con los objetivos institucionales, se recomienda realizar estudios a mayor detalle (escalas 1:50,000 o 1:25,000) y establecer mesas de trabajo regulares que incluyan a ciudadanos, académicos y otras organizaciones, para actualizar las prioridades de manera dinámica y eficiente.
The Nexus Between Poverty, Unemployment, Economic Growth, and Agriculture in Indonesia
Authors: Destiartono Mohamad Egi
Published: October 2024

Aims: This empirical paper seeks to estimate the dynamic linkage amid poverty, economic growth, unemployment, and agriculture in Indonesia
Methodology: This paper relies on annual data from 2000 to 2021, collected from the World Bank. ARDL-Bounds testing is applied to examine the dynamic short- and long-run association, as well as co-integration model. The Granger Causality (GC) test is also added to unravel the causal direction amid poverty, unemployment, economic growth, and agricultural productivity.
Results: The co-integration relationship among the variables is evident. In the long run, economic growth and agricultural productivity are negatively associated with poverty rates. Economic growth and farm productivity, therefore, are verified to have beneficial roles in assisting poverty eradication. Conversely, unemployment is confirmed as a driver of poverty in Indonesia. The GC test signifies a bidirectional causality between agricultural productivity and poverty, unemployment and poverty, as well as agricultural productivity and economic growth.
Conclusion: Following the findings, enhancing farm productivity and fostering economic growth are pivotal instruments for fostering poverty alleviation in Indonesia.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Consumption in the Garments, Textile, and Dyeing Sectors in Savar, Dhaka (2019-2021)
Authors: Hasan Md. Mejbahul , Nobi Fariha Binte , Khan Nazmul Alam , Toma Nowrin Islam , Islam Md. Wahidul , Ali Muhammad Aslam , Akram Shamim
Published: October 2024

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a key driver of global climate change, continue to rise due to industrial activities and fossil fuel reliance. This study evaluates energy consumption patterns and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the garments, textile, and dyeing industries in Savar Upazila, Dhaka, from 2019 to 2021. Natural gas has been identified as the dominant energy source, contributing to a steady increase in GHG emissions from 64,920 tons in 2019 to 69,531 tons in 2021. Diesel and electricity consumption also contributed to emissions, with notable growth in the textile and dyeing sectors. Although minimal, solar energy adoption showed a positive upward trend, rising from 0.058 to 0.113 TJ during the study period, indicating a shift toward renewable energy sources. Despite this, the total GHG emissions rose from 129,015 tons in 2019 to 137,880 tons in 2021, emphasizing the need for cleaner technologies and more sustainable practices. The findings underscore the significance of enhancing energy efficiency and implementing renewable energy sources to mitigate the environmental impact of these industries.
A Comparative Study on Growth Rates and Length-weight Relationships of Snow Trout (Schizothorax sp.) from Rasuwa, Nuwakot, and Okhaldhunga Districts of Nepal
Authors: Mahato Ishori Singh , Paudel Krishna , Timalsina Prem
Published: October 2024

Aims: Snow trout (Schizothorax spp.) are vital to Nepal's aquatic biodiversity and economy, yet little research has addressed their growth potential under controlled conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance of snow trout from three regions of Nepal (Okhaldhunga, Nuwakot, and Rasuwa) in captivity.
Study Design: Original Research Article.
Place and Duration of Study: Fisheries Research Station (FRS), Trishuli Nepal, between August 18 November 24, 2023.
Methodology: Schizothorax species were collected from Okhaldhunga, Nuwakot, and Rasuwa districts and acclimated to the environment of the FRS in three separate raceways prior to the feeding trial. From each location, a population of 450 apparently healthy and uniform sized snow trout (initial weight: 20.00 + 1.2g) were then distributed into 3 raceway tanks, altogether 9 raceways for 3 groups, feeding upon the commercial feed (48% crude protein) in the form of dough at 3% of the body weight for 90 days. At the end of the feeding trial, growth parameters, including weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (K) and Length-weight relationship (LWR) were measured. Survival rate and water quality parameters were also measured. Statistical analysis for group’s means differences was conducted using one-way ANOVA in R Studio for Windows at a 5% level of significance.
Results: Results indicated Fish from Nuwakot exhibited the highest weight gain (3.61 ± 1.82 g) and SGR (0.23 ± 0.12% per day), though these differences were not statistically significant (P >0.05). The condition factor (K) was highest for Rasuwa fish (0.98), followed by Nuwakot (0.97) and Okhaldhunga (0.97) (P >0.05), indicating that the fish were relatively thin, possibly due to poor nutrition or stressful conditions. The LWR analysis revealed high length-weight correlations for all groups, with Rasuwa fish exhibiting a positive allometric growth pattern (b=3.02), whereas Okhaldhunga (b=2.93) and Nuwakot (b=2.94) fish showed negative allometric growth patterns. This may suggest that snow trotu from Rasuwa were in relatively good physiological condition and adapting well to the rearing conditions at the FRS. Although with no statistical difference, the survival rate was highest for fish from Nuwakot (86.67%), followed by Rasuwa (80.00%) and Okhaldhunga (77.33%) (P >0.05). This may indicate the adequacy of the water quality (average temperature 11.75 ± 0.42℃, dissolved oxygen more than 7 mg/L, and pH 7.71 ± 0.16) maintained during the study.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that while the snow trout demonstrated the ability to survive yet grow slowly under captivity, their growth performance may be significantly enhanced by optimizing rearing conditions, particularly slightly higher water temperature. This study underscores the need for targeted improvements in aquaculture practices to support the effective domestication and conservation of snow trout in Nepal.
Risk Factors for COVID-19 Mortality in Epidemic Treatment Centers: A Case-Control Study from Decentralized Regions of Senegal
Authors: Lawson Agbogbenkou Tévi Dela-dem , Sarr SC. , Sidibé M. , Bop M. , Ndiaye B. , Diaw M.M. , Diop SA
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is an emerging viral zoonosis caused by SARS-CoV2. It is responsible for a systemic infection in humans, primarily respiratory. In Senegal, the Thiès Region confirmed its first case on March 14, 2020. The second epidemic wave occurring in 2021 was marked by high fatality, justifying our study on the factors associated with deaths among COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the Epidemic Treatment Centers (CTE) of the Regional Health Directorate of Thiès (Senegal).
Patients and Methods: Unmatched case-control study, 1 case to 2 controls, relating to COVID-19 deaths recorded in the Thiès Regional Health Directorate from January 1 to December 31, 2021. All patients who tested positive for COVID-19 (PCR/Antigenic test) hospitalized in CTEs were included. All confirmed COVID-19 patients who died were referred to as “cases,” and all recovered patients as “controls.” The sampling of deaths was exhaustive, standardized sociodemographic, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary data collected from patient files after a pilot trial with quality control. The data was entered on kobo collect and analyzed on Epi info7. Quantitative variables (mean, standard deviation) and qualitative variables (proportions. Measures: odds ratio, chi2 or Fisher exact test, significance threshold set at p<0.05) were used.
Results: A total of 348 patients were recruited in this study including 116 deaths and 232 recovered, the average age was 68.9 years +/- 14.24 for the deceased patients compared to 61.5 +/- 14.24 for the recovered, with male predominance in both groups. The most common clinical signs (cases/controls) were dyspnea (98.3/84.49%), fever (71.5/68.1%), asthenia (57.8/65.4%). and cough (52.6/58.1%). Complications were dominated by acute respiratory distress (87.9/3.8%), (11.2%/0.4%) and pulmonary embolism (03.5/0%).
The factors associated with deaths found after multivariate analysis by logistic regression were male sex (OR: 4.11, 95% CI : 1.45 – 11.61 and p = 0.0076), patients aged over 60 years (OR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.0018-3.1438, p=0.049), complications such as stroke (OR=31.00; 95% CI: 5.69-168.73 and p=0 .0001), shock (OR22.61; 95% CI: 1.44-353.67 and p=0.026) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (OR: 204.09 95% CI : 70.44-591.30 and p = 0.000).
Conclusion: The factors associated with COVID-19 deaths in the CTEs of Thiès Region are age, male gender, the presence of complications; stroke in particular, the state of Shock and ARDS.
Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application at Different Levels on Performance of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Agroclimatic Zone-II of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Choudhary Komal , Kumar Rajendra , Brar Perminder Singh , Thakur Shubham , Chandel Samriti
Published: October 2024

During the Rabi season of 2023-24, a field experiment was carried out at Agriculture Farm Chamelti, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan (H.P.). The soil in the experimental field was well-drained, with medium in organic carbon and available nitrogen, but high in available phosphorus and potassium. Four nitrogen levels viz., N0- Control, N1- 15 kg ha-1 + Nano urea (2 ml L-1), N2- 20 kg ha-1, N3- 25 kg ha-1 and four levels of phosphorus viz., P0- Control, P1- 20 kg ha-1, P2- 40 kg ha-1 + Nano DAP (2 ml L-1), P3- 60 kg ha-1 and the GS-10 variety of pea was tested in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. The experimental field results showed that applying nitrogen @ 25 kg ha-1 (N3) and phosphorus @ 60 kg ha-1 (P3) produced maximum growth parameters (plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, dry matter accumulation (g plant-1), yield contributing traits (pod length, number of pods plant-1, and number of grains pod-1), and yield (grains, stover, and biological). Furthermore, it increased gross returns, net returns, and the B:C ratio when compared to other levels of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Biological Control of Anthracnose in Capsicum annuum Using Inoculants in Hydroponics: A Mechanistic Review
Authors: Kumari Juhee , Kumar Vivek , Gantait Aishmita , Pandey Vidhi , Maxton Ann
Published: October 2024

The Colletotrichum species that causes anthracnose poses a significant threat to the growth of Capsicum annuum, or ringer pepper, resulting in significant yield losses. Conventional produced control systems can give rise to ecological and economic difficulties, necessitating the need for alternative, workable solutions. This study explores the feasibility and parts of natural inoculants in controlling anthracnose ailment in Capsicum annuum filled in chipped away at hydroponics structures. As organic inoculants, we utilized a wide variety of useful microorganisms, such as Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and mycorrhizal parasites. At various stages of the Capsicum annuum plant's development, these inoculants were incorporated into the supplement arrangements for tank farming. Anthracnose was observed and compared to untreated controls and synthetically treated plants in terms of its severity. Plants treated with natural inoculants show a significant reduction in sickness rate and severity, as shown by our findings. In fact, Trichoderma harzianum outperformed Bacillus subtilis and mycorrhizal parasites in terms of biocontrol productivity. Through a series of biochemical and sub-atomic tests, the fundamental instruments were examined. Natural inoculants, according to important discoveries, increase the plant's intrinsic safe reaction by causing fundamental obstruction. This is affirmed by the upregulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) characteristics and extended activity of shield impetuses like peroxidase (Unit), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine antacid lyase (Amigo). In addition, the inoculants improved root development and supplement absorption, enhancing overall establish health and resistance to microorganisms. This study demonstrates that natural inoculants can be a reasonable and effective method for controlling anthracnose in Capsicum annuum grown in improved tank farms. In accordance with the goals of a potential agribusiness, incorporating these biocontrol specialists into aquafarming frameworks can increase crop productivity and reduce the use of compound pesticides.
Pressure evolution in shallow magma chambers upon buoyancy‐driven replenishment
Authors: Papale P. , Montagna C. P. , Longo A.
Published: March 2017

The invasion of active magma chambers by primitive magma of deeper provenance is a frequent occurrence in volcanic systems, and it is commonly associated with pressurization. Chamber replenishment is driven by pressure and buoyancy forces that cause magma ascent towards shallow depths. We examine the end‐member case of pure buoyancy‐driven (natural) convection in crustal reservoirs deriving from the presence of degassed, dense magma at shallow level, that can originate a gravitational instability. Space‐time‐dependent numerical simulations of magma dynamics in composite underground systems reveal highly nonlinear pressure evolution dominated by decompression at shallow depths. This counterintuitive result originates from the compressible nature of multiphase magmas and their complex convection and mixing dynamics. Shallow magma chamber decompression on replenishment is favored by large volatile contents of the uprising magma, resulting in large density contrasts among the resident and the incoming components. These results show that the intuitive concept of magma chamber pressurization upon replenishment may not always hold in real situations dominated by buoyancy, and provide new perspectives for the interpretation of geophysical records at active volcanoes.
A conceptual model to assess stress‐associated health effects of multiple ecosystem services degraded by disaster events in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere
Authors: Sandifer Paul A. , Knapp Landon C. , Collier Tracy K. , Jones Amanda L. , Juster Robert‐Paul , Kelble Christopher R. , Kwok Richard K. , Miglarese John V. , Palinkas Lawrence A. , Porter Dwayne E. , Scott Geoffrey I. , Smith Lisa M. , Sullivan William C. , Sutton‐Grier Ariana E.
Published: March 2017

Few conceptual frameworks attempt to connect disaster‐associated environmental injuries to impacts on ecosystem services (the benefits humans derive from nature) and thence to both psychological and physiological human health effects. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first, if not the first, to develop a detailed conceptual model of how degraded ecosystem services affect cumulative stress impacts on the health of individual humans and communities. Our comprehensive Disaster‐Pressure State‐Ecosystem Services‐Response‐Health model demonstrates that oil spills, hurricanes, and other disasters can change key ecosystem components resulting in reductions in individual and multiple ecosystem services that support people's livelihoods, health, and way of life. Further, the model elucidates how damage to ecosystem services produces acute, chronic, and cumulative stress in humans which increases risk of adverse psychological and physiological health outcomes. While developed and initially applied within the context of the Gulf of Mexico, it should work equally well in other geographies and for many disasters that cause impairment of ecosystem services. Use of this new tool will improve planning for responses to future disasters and help society more fully account for the costs and benefits of potential management responses. The model also can be used to help direct investments in improving response capabilities of the public health community, biomedical researchers, and environmental scientists. Finally, the model illustrates why the broad range of potential human health effects of disasters should receive equal attention to that accorded environmental damages in assessing restoration and recovery costs and time frames.
Noise‐based seismic monitoring of the Campi Flegrei caldera
Authors: Zaccarelli Lucia , Bianco Francesca
Published: March 2017

The Campi Flegrei caldera is one of the highest risk volcanic fields worldwide, because of its eruptive history and the large population hosted within the caldera. It experiences bradiseismic crises: sudden uplift with low energetic seismic swarm occurrences. No seismicity is recorded out of these deformation rate changes. Therefore, a continuous seismic monitoring of the caldera is possible only by means of the ambient seismic noise. We apply a noise‐based seismic monitoring technique to the cross correlations of 5 year recordings at the mobile seismic network. The resulting relative velocity variations are compared to the temporal behavior of the geophysical and geochemical observations routinely sampled at Campi Flegrei. We discriminate between two kinds of crustal stress field variations acting at different timescales. They are related to a possible magmatic intrusion and to the gradual heating of the hydrothermal system, respectively. This study sets up the basis for future volcano monitoring strategies.
Exploring the effects of a nonhydrostatic dynamical core in high‐resolution aquaplanet simulations
Authors: Yang Qing , Leung L. Ruby , Lu Jian , Lin Yuh‐Lang , Hagos Samson , Sakaguchi Koichi , Gao Yang
Published: March 2017

This study explores the impact of a nonhydrostatic dynamical core in high‐resolution regional climate simulations using an aquaplanet framework. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to conduct simulations with both hydrostatic (H) and nonhydrostatic (NH) solvers at horizontal grid spacings (Δx) of 36, 12, and 4 km. The differences between the H and NH simulated precipitation (ΔP) are notable even at Δx = 12 km in the intertropical convergence zone and the transition region to the drier subtropics. At gray zone grid spacing (12 km and 4 km) over the tropics, ΔP is sensitive to whether a cumulus parameterization scheme is used or not. With an idealized Witch of Agnesi land mountain, differences in the precipitation and circulation (vertical velocity) between the H and NH simulations are significant even at Δx = 36 km in the tropics due largely to the strong feedbacks related to moist processes. The differences increase as the model grid spacing and mountain half width (a) are reduced, accompanied by a shift toward a more nonhydrostatic flow regime at a = 24 km. Latent heat release drastically enhances the differences between the NH and H simulations and extends the effect of nonhydrostatic dynamics to a broader region over the mountain and downstream over the tropics. Overall, differences exist between H and NH simulations even at resolutions between 12 and 36 km, but the differences are sensitive to the representations of moist physics and other features such as horizontal diffusion used in the WRF model.
Inversion of AMSR‐E observations for land surface temperature estimation: 1. Methodology and evaluation with station temperature
Authors: Jiménez C. , Prigent C. , Ermida S. L. , Moncet J.‐L.
Published: March 2017

Inversions of the Earth Observation Satellite (EOS) Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR‐E) brightness temperatures (Tbs) to derive the land surface temperature (Ts) are presented based on building a global transfer function by neural networks trained with AMSR‐E Tbs and retrieved microwave Ts*. The only required inputs are the Tbs and monthly climatological emissivities, minimizing the dependence on ancillary data. The inversions are accompanied by a coarse estimation of retrieval uncertainty, an estimate of the quality of the retrieval, and a series of flags to signal difficult inversion situations. For ∼75% of the land surface the root‐mean‐square difference (RMSD) between the training target Ts* and the neural network retrieved Ts is below 2.8 K. The RMSD when comparing with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) clear‐sky Ts is below 3.9 K for the same conditions. Over 10 ground stations, AMSR‐E and MODIS Ts were compared with the in situ data. Overall, MODIS agrees better with the station Ts than AMSR‐E (all‐station mean RMSD of 2.4 K for MODIS and 4.0 for AMSR‐E), but AMSR‐E provides a larger number of Ts estimates by being able to measure under cloudy conditions, with an approximated ratio of 3 to 1 over the analyzed stations. At many stations the RMSD of the AMSR‐E clear and cloudy sky are comparable, highlighting the ability of the microwave inversions to provide Ts under most atmospheric conditions. Closest agreement with the in situ Ts happens for stations with dense vegetation, where AMSR‐E emissivity is less varying.