bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between the regulation of intestinal bacteriophages by green tea polyphenols and the flora diversity in SPF mice
Authors: Dong Sashuang , Xin Zilong , He Wencan , Zhang Yuling , Xiong Jiaqi , Wang Jie , Liao Zhenlin , Wang Li , Zhong Qingping , Wei Hong , Fang Xiang
Published: February 2022

Green tea polyphenols (GTP) positively promoted “profitable” bacteriophage–bacteria relationships and showed a potential mechanism towards the regulation of intestinal flora via intestinal phage communities.
Synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester from galactaric acid via dimethyl carbonate chemistry
Authors: Trapasso Giacomo , Annatelli Mattia , Dalla Torre Davide , Aricò Fabio
Published: February 2022

A simple procedure for the one-pot synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (FDME) from galactaric (mucic) acid via dimethyl carbonate (DMC) chemistry is presented. The compound was isolated as a white powder in 70% yield.
Dehydrogenative ester synthesis from enol ethers and water with a ruthenium complex catalyzing two reactions in synergy
Authors: Kar Sayan , Luo Jie , Rauch Michael , Diskin-Posner Yael , Ben-David Yehoshoa , Milstein David
Published: February 2022

We report the dehydrogenative synthesis of esters via enol ether oxidation, using water as the formal oxidant, catalyzed by a newly developed ruthenium acridine-based PNP(Ph)-type complex.
Machine learning in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy as a novel approach towards experimental parameter optimization
Authors: Prochazka David , Pořízka Pavel , Hruška Jakub , Novotný Karel , Hrdlička Aleš , Kaiser Jozef
Published: February 2022

Samples with different mechanical and physical properties were measured by LIBS under diverse experimental conditions. The results were used to train a neural network. By means of the neural network, the optimisation process was significantly reduced.
Non-matrix-matched calibration of Mg isotopic ratios in silicate samples by fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS with low mass resolution under wet plasma conditions
Authors: Lin Jie , Liu Yongsheng , Yang Ao , Chen Wei , Zhu Lvyun , Hu Zhaochu
Published: February 2022

Accurate and precise Mg isotopic analysis by fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS can be performed with low mass resolution and non-matrix-matched calibration.
Strong and pure red-emitting Eu3+-doped phosphor with excellent thermal stability for warm WLEDs
Authors: Zhang Liang , Xu Yonghui , Wu Xiudi , Yin Shuwen , You Hongpeng
Published: February 2022

A red-emitting Eu3+-doped LiYO2 phosphor with excellent luminescence properties was prepared by solid phase reaction, showing potential in high-quality white-light-emitting diodes.
A lotus-inspired 3D biomimetic design toward an advanced solar steam evaporator with ultrahigh efficiency and remarkable stability
Authors: Zhang Rong , Xiang Bo , Wang Yating , Tang Shaochun , Meng Xiangkang
Published: February 2022

Inspired by the natural lotus, a solar interfacial evaporator with a novel 3D biomimetic architecture was developed, which exhibited an extremely high evaporation rate of 3.23 kg·m−2·h−1 and energy efficiency reaching 153.20% under 1-sun.
Ultrafast formation of ANFs with kinetic advantage and new insight into the mechanism
Authors: Huang Lianqing , Zhang Meiyun , Nie Jingyi , Yang Bin , Tan Jiaojun , Song Shunxi
Published: February 2022

Ultrafast formation of ANFs with kinetic advantage.
3′-Amino modifications enhance the antifungal properties of N4-alkyl-5-methylcytidines for potential biocides
Authors: Alexandrova Liudmila A. , Shevchenko Oleg V. , Jasko Maxim V. , Solyev Pavel N. , Karpenko Inna L. , Negrya Sergey D. , Efremenkova Olga V. , Vasilieva Byazilya F. , Efimenko Tatiana A. , Avdanina Darya A. , Nuraeva Gulgina K. , Potapov Mark P. , Kukushkina Vera I. , Kochetkov Sergey N. , Zhgun Alexander A.
Published: February 2022

A set of 3′-modified N4-alkyl-5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidines has been synthesized and evaluated for biological activity. The replacement of the 3′-hydroxyl group with amino, aminoethyl and dialkylamino groups significantly enhances antifungal activity.
Diethyl phosphite-mediated switchable synthesis of bis(imidazoheterocycles) derived disulfanes and sulfanes using imidazoheterocycles and octasulfur
Authors: Reddy Raju Jannapu , Shankar Angothu , Kumar Jangam Jagadesh , Sharadha Nunavath , Krishna Gamidi Rama
Published: February 2022

A unique diethyl phosphite-mediated switchable synthesis of bis(imidazoheterocycle)-derived disulfanes and sulfanes using imidazoheterocycles with sulfur is reported. Moreover, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-indole derived thioethers were also realized.
Third-order nonlinear optical property contrast as self-assembly recognition for nanorings⊃C60
Authors: Ma Nana , Guo Wenyue , Zhu Zhu , Zhang Guisheng
Published: February 2022

High third-order NLO contrasts tuned by self-assembly can be applied for the recognition of host–guest nanorings⊃C60.
Perfect spin Seebeck effect, spin-valve, spin-filter and spin-rectification based on the heterojunction of sawtooth graphene and graphyne nanoribbons
Authors: Ni Yun , Hua Hu , Li Jia , Hu Ni
Published: February 2022

A multi-effect and low-power-consumption electronic device including perfect spin Seebeck effect, spin-valve, spin-filter and spin-rectification based on the heterojunction of sawtooth graphene and graphyne nanoribbons.
Enhanced Raman scattering on two-dimensional palladium diselenide
Authors: Lei Zehong , Zhang Xinkuo , Zhao Yu , Wei Aixiang , Tao Lili , Yang Yibin , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Tao Li , Yu Peng , Li Jingbo
Published: February 2022

Atomically-thin palladium diselenide (PdSe2) is used as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate for molecule detection, which exhibits layer-dependent and in-plane anisotropic Raman enhancement with excellent air-stability.
On the mechanical properties and fracture patterns of the nonbenzenoid carbon allotrope (biphenylene network): a reactive molecular dynamics study
Authors: Pereira M. L. , da Cunha W. F. , de Sousa R. T. , Amvame Nze G. D. , Galvão D. S. , Ribeiro L. A.
Published: February 2022

Recently, a new two-dimensional carbon allotrope named biphenylene network (BPN) was experimentally realized.
Highly luminescent red-emitting In(Zn)P quantum dots using zinc oxo cluster: synthesis and application to light-emitting diodes
Authors: Choi Yonghoon , Kim Dohoon , Shin Yun Seop , Lee Woojin , Orr Seungjin , Kim Jin Young , Park Jongnam
Published: February 2022

High quality red-emitting In(Zn)P QDs were synthesized by combining a Zn oxo cluster and seed-mediated continuous growth method.
A dual therapeutic system based on corrole-siRNA conjugates
Authors: Giorgees Ifrodet , Wu Fan , Shen Zhen , Desaulniers Jean-Paul
Published: February 2022

Corrole molecules are a new generation of photosensitizers (PS) due to their ease of tunability for different medical applications.
An anion-promoted increase of the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of zeolites
Authors: Sun Chang , Chen Wei , Wang Jianyu , Wang Shuang , Ma Zhe , Chen Mengyang , Zheng Anmin , Yan Wenfu , Yu Jihong
Published: February 2022

The SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of zeolites was improved by addition of NaI due to the promotion of I− for the formation of Si–O–Si bonds and the inhibition of I− for the formation of Si–O–Al bonds.
Identification of absorbed compounds of Xiao Yao San Jia Wei and pharmacokinetic study in depressed rats by force swimming stress
Authors: Shan Chenxiao , Li Jia , Sun Bo , Zhou Runze , Xu Min , Zhao Qiulong , Ren Ping , Wen Hongmei , Huang Xi
Published: February 2022

Xiao-Yao-San-Jia-Wei (XYSJW) is a commonly prescribed formulation for depression and anorexia in the Jiang Su Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine.
From a nanoparticular solid-state material to molecular organo-f-element-polyarsenides
Authors: Reinfandt Niklas , Hauser Adrian , Münzfeld Luca , Roesky Peter W.
Published: February 2022

Reaction of non-classical divalent lanthanide compounds with nanoparticulate gray arsenic via three- and four-electron reduction led to a series of new f-element polyarsenides, including the largest f-element polyarsenide known to date.
Diboramacrocycles: reversible borole dimerisation–dissociation systems
Authors: Fuchs Sonja , Jayaraman Arumugam , Krummenacher Ivo , Haley Laura , Baštovanović Marta , Fest Maximilian , Radacki Krzysztof , Helten Holger , Braunschweig Holger
Published: February 2022

Diboramacrocycles are a new form of borole dimers, participating in various addition reactions as “masked” boroles. The reaction of a less crowded diboramacrocycle with organic azides affords unprecedented complex heteropropellanes.
Manganese–nickel bimetallic oxide electrocatalyzing redox reactions of lithium polysulfides in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Si Yu , Zhang Jizong , Huang Qiumi , Wei Jianghai , Wang Chengyang , Ji Kemeng , Chen Mingming
Published: February 2022

MnOx–NiOx/C composite bidirectionally catalyzes LiPS reduction and Li2S oxidation via constructing a thiosulfate-mediating reaction path beyond the common route. These intensified Li2Sx (x ≤ 4) redox reactions promote long-term cycling.
Research progress in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in CO2capture from post-combustion coal-fired flue gas: characteristics, preparation, modification and applications
Authors: Sun Zhiqiang , Liao Yiren , Zhao Shilin , Zhang Xuan , Liu Qi , Shi Xiangzhen
Published: February 2022

This review summarizes the characteristics, preparation methods, modification methods, and application of MOFs for CO2capture from post-combustion coal-fired flue gas, and machine learning used in the development and screening of MOFs.
Ternary-salt gel polymer electrolyte for anode-free lithium metal batteries with an untreated Cu substrate
Authors: Lin Yu-Hsing , Shih Chun-Yan , Subramani Ramesh , Lee Yuh-Lang , Jan Jeng-Shiung , Chiu Chi-Cheng , Teng Hsisheng
Published: February 2022

A gel electrolyte, which comprises polymers to regulate Li+transport and ternary salts to reinforce the interface layer, enables Li+to reversibly deposit on plain Cu foil and the resulting anode-free batteries to work with excellent stability.
Quaternization-induced catalyst-free synthesis of viologen-linked ionic polyacetylenes towards heterogeneous catalytic CO2fixation
Authors: Xu Zixuan , Liu Ke , Huang He , Zhang Yadong , Long Zhouyang , Tong Minman , Chen Guojian
Published: February 2022

One-pot synthesis of viologen-linked ionic polyacetylenes by catalyst-free quaternization-inducedin situpolymerization for efficient heterogeneous catalytic conversion of atmospheric CO2.
A novel 2D porous C3N2 framework as a promising anode material with ultra-high specific capacity for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Cai Xinyong , Yi Wencai , Chen Jiao , Lu Linguo , Sun Bai , Ni Yuxiang , Redfern Simon A. T. , Wang Hongyan , Chen Zhongfang , Chen Yuanzheng
Published: February 2022

Using swarm-intelligence structure-search method in conjunction with structure design via the assembly of organic units, we identified a novel holey α-C3N2 monolayer as superior anode material of LIBs with ultra-high specific capacity.
Surfaces with antifouling-antimicrobial dual function via immobilization of lysozyme on zwitterionic polymer thin films
Authors: Khlyustova Alexandra , Kirsch Mia , Ma Xiaojing , Cheng Yifan , Yang Rong
Published: February 2022

A novel coating with antifouling and antimicrobial dual functions was fabricated to prevent transmission and spread of infectious diseases.
A bio-sensing surface with high biocompatibility for enhancing Raman scattering signals as enabled by a Mo–Ag film
Authors: Chen Dongzhen , Li Yang , Wang Lijun , Wang Yingjie , Ning Pan , Shum Powan , He Xinhai , Fu Tao
Published: February 2022

The sensitive SERS sensing of molecules and bacteria was acquired through a Mo–Ag film with high cytocompatibility and hydrophilicity.
A NIR fluorescent probe tracing norepinephrine exocytosis and depression occurrence at the cellular level
Authors: Zhou Na , Yin Caixia , Yue Yongkang , Zhang Yongbin , Cheng Fangqin , Huo Fangjun
Published: February 2022

A NIR fluorescent probe tracing norepinephrine exocytosis and depression occurrence at the cellular level revealed that norepinephrine exocytosis rather than the inherent intracellular concentration was related with depression.
Role of van der Waals forces in the metal–insulator transition of transition metal oxides
Authors: Chen Da , Li Quan Ming , Gao Wang
Published: February 2022

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) exhibit great potential in technological applications due to their ability to undergo a rapid metal-insulator transition (MIT).
Computational investigation into intramolecular hydrogen bonding controlling the isomer formation and pKa of octahedral nickel(ii) proton reduction catalysts
Authors: Bhattacharjee Avik , Brown Dayalis S. V. , Virca Carolyn N. , Ethridge Trent E. , Mendez Galue Oreana , Pham Uyen T. , McCormick Theresa M.
Published: February 2022

DFT and QTAIM analysis of octahedral catalyst nickel(ii) tris-pyridinethiolate indicate that protonation forms four different isomers. The stabilities of the isomers are correlated with intramolecular hydrogen bonding rather than the trans-effect.
Enhanced recoverable energy storage density and efficiency in (1 − x)Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3-xSrTiO3-MnO2 lead-free ceramics
Authors: Yang Wenjin , Huang Fengzhen , Shu LiHuai , Yang YuLong , Gong Baolian , Lu Xiaomei , Zhu Jinsong
Published: February 2022

Realizing enhanced energy storage performance by introducing SrTiO3 (ST) to Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT).
SNARE proteins: zip codes in vesicle targeting?
Authors: Koike Seiichi , Jahn Reinhard
Published: February 2022

Membrane traffic in eukaryotic cells is mediated by transport vesicles that bud from a precursor compartment and are transported to their destination compartment where they dock and fuse. To reach their intracellular destination, transport vesicles contain targeting signals such as Rab GTPases and polyphosphoinositides that are recognized by tethering factors in the cytoplasm and that connect the vesicles with their respective destination compartment. The final step, membrane fusion, is mediated by SNARE proteins. SNAREs are connected to targeting signals and tethering factors by multiple interactions. However, it is still debated whether SNAREs only function downstream of targeting and tethering or whether they also participate in regulating targeting specificity. Here, we review the evidence and discuss recent data supporting a role of SNARE proteins as targeting signals in vesicle traffic.
Exploring the roles of microbes in facilitating plant adaptation to climate change
Authors: Barnes Elle M. , Tringe Susannah G.
Published: February 2022

Plants benefit from their close association with soil microbes which assist in their response to abiotic and biotic stressors. Yet much of what we know about plant stress responses is based on studies where the microbial partners were uncontrolled and unknown. Under climate change, the soil microbial community will also be sensitive to and respond to abiotic and biotic stressors. Thus, facilitating plant adaptation to climate change will require a systems-based approach that accounts for the multi-dimensional nature of plant–microbe–environment interactions. In this perspective, we highlight some of the key factors influencing plant–microbe interactions under stress as well as new tools to facilitate the controlled study of their molecular complexity, such as fabricated ecosystems and synthetic communities. When paired with genomic and biochemical methods, these tools provide researchers with more precision, reproducibility, and manipulability for exploring plant–microbe–environment interactions under a changing climate.
Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of the Auditory Behavior in Everyday Life Questionnaire
Authors: Özses Merve , Ozbal Batuk Merve , Yilmaz Isikhan Selen , Cicek Cinar Betul
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Auditory Behavior in Everyday Life (ABEL) questionnaire.

Method:

The ABEL questionnaire was translated into Turkish using the “back-translation” method. The study included 130 parents of children with cochlear implantation, and 126 parents of children with typical hearing were included as a control group. In the study group, there were 62 unilateral and 68 bilateral cochlear implant (CI) users. The age at implantation ranged from 1 to 10 years, as they have substantial auditory skills. The participants' parents completed the ABEL individually, and 73 parents (28, study group; 45, control group) completed the ABEL again for test–retest reliability. Construct validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and internal consistency was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Spearman's correlation test was used to assess the external validity of the total and all subscales of the ABEL and the Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS). Test–retest reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results:

The Cronbach's α values for subscales ranged from .67 to .89, and the value was .93 (excellent) for the overall scale. External validity analyses showed moderate to strong correlations between the total and subscale scores of the ABEL and the MAIS, indicating high external validity. According to the CFA findings, the construct validity of the Turkish version of the ABEL was satisfactory. For the three-factor structure, the goodness-of-fit indices revealed a good fit, and only the normed fit index revealed an acceptable fit.

Conclusion:

The Turkish version of the ABEL is a reliable and valid assessment tool for children with CIs.
Performance of MPSK modulation with imperfect phase‐recovery under severe fading conditions
Authors: Silva Pedro Emílio Gória , de Souza Rausley Adriano Amaral , Nardelli Pedro Juliano , Moualeu Jules Merlin Mouatcho , da Costa Daniel Benevides
Published: February 2022

The authors study the performance of M‐ary phase‐shift keying (MPSK) modulation with imperfect carrier phase recovery in scenarios experiencing severe fading conditions. Specifically, MPSK is analysed over ‐ Extreme fading channels assuming a Gaussian‐distributed noisy phase. For the theoretical framework, they derive the analytical expressions for the upper bound on the average symbol error probability, as well as their corresponding asymptotic behaviour in the high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) regime. The derived expressions are valid for arbitrary values of the fading parameter , and Monte Carlo simulations are provided to verify the accuracy of the proposed mathematical analysis. Furthermore, the authors discuss how the channel parameter and phase variance affect the system performance for a wide range of SNR values.
Mirror invariant convolutional neural networks for image classification
Authors: Lu Shufang , Li Yan , Wang Minqian , Gao Fei
Published: February 2022

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have been developed rapidly and they perform well on both classification and object detection tasks. However, its strong performance makes people ignore to study the invariance of the DCNNs, such as mirror invariance. In fact, the ability of DCNNs in handling mirror‐symmetrical images remains limited. In this paper, a mirror transformation convolutional layer is proposed, which transforms several feature maps to produce mirror‐symmetrical feature maps based on the traditional convolutional layer. By combining with the mirror transformation convolutional layer, the DCNNs will have mirror invariance and the performance of neural networks can be improved on classification tasks. A dataset for driver's and passenger's seatbelt detection has been collected, which is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed convolutional layer. In the experiments, one of the state‐of‐the‐art DCNNs, GoogLeNet, is collaborated with the mirror transformation convolutional layer to form a mirror invariant networks (MINets). The experimental results show that the MINets can achieve better classification performance than the original GoogLeNet. MINets can also reduce the risk of over‐fitting caused by applying data augmentations to the dataset.
A physics‐based turn off model and its output‐characteristic analysing expressions of high‐voltage soft‐punch through IGBTs under extreme SOA conditions
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Zhuo Chaoran , Yang Xu
Published: February 2022

A physics‐based turn off model and its output characteristic analysing expressions have been investigated for the high voltage soft‐punch through IGBTs under extreme SOA (safe operating area) conditions to depict the excellent soft turn‐off behaviour in this paper. The main contributions have been made as the followings: (1) Based on the interior structure and features, one virtual capacitor and two Zener diodes are respectively employed to model its dynamic avalanche characteristic and switching self‐clamping mode. (2) By using the user datasheet and typical experimental waveforms, a parameter estimation approach is developed. (3) To simulate extreme SOA turn‐off waveforms of the IGBT by using MATLAB and MATHCAD program, the piece‐wise analysing expressions have been given out to simulate the output voltage and current characteristics. The new model and its analysing expressions have been validated with experiments. The simulation results show a good agreement with its experimental waveforms.
Reliability analysis of PV generating systems in the islanded DC microgrid under dynamic and transient operation
Authors: Kuo Tsai‐Chi , Pham Trang Thi , Huang Po‐Tsang , Nguyen Hung Tan , Bui Duong Minh , Le Phuc Duy
Published: February 2022

Dynamic fluctuations in the PV‐source power and different DC‐fault scenarios in the off‐grid PV‐battery‐based DC microgrid could lead to a rapid decrease in the reliability of the PV‐generating system. To make this viewpoint clearer, this paper proposes a novel reliability‐evaluating methodology for PV‐generating systems in the islanded DC microgrid under dynamic and transient operation conditions. Firstly, the dynamic‐voltage‐varying failure rate (DVVFR) and the fault‐current‐varying failure rate (FCVFR) of a PV‐generating system in the off‐grid DC microgrid are formulated. The DVVFR mainly depends on dynamic fluctuations in the PV‐source power and the load power, whereas the FCVFR mostly represents the failure probability due to pole‐to‐pole and pole‐to‐ground faults in the DC microgrid. Then, a possible combination of the used‐time‐varying failure rate (TVFR), the power‐loss and temperature‐dependent failure rate, the DVVFR, and the FCVFR is proposed for evaluating the system‐level and component‐level reliability of PV‐generating sources. Finally, Markov‐state transition diagrams and Chapman–Kolmogorov equations are derived and applied for the PV‐system reliability assessment in the off‐grid PV‐battery‐based DC microgrid. Experimental results are analysed to reveal that the operation of DC‐DC power converters dominates the PV‐system reliability under the dynamic and transient operation. The DVVFR of the PV system is mostly smaller than its FCVFR, however, the system‐level reliability of the PV‐generating source is significantly reduced by dynamic‐voltage‐fluctuating cases due to the more frequent repetition of these dynamic cases. Moreover, the MTTF and MTBF of the PV‐generating system could also be dramatically decreased by the dynamic and transient operation of the DC microgrid.
The effect of viewing angle on the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation of the local molecular clouds
Authors: Kainulainen J. , Rezaei Kh. S. , Spilker A. , Orkisz J.
Published: February 2022

The Gaia data give us an unprecedented view to the three-dimensional (3D) structure of molecular clouds in the solar neighbourhood. We study how the projected areas and masses of clouds, and consequently the Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation, depend on the viewing angle. We derive the probability distributions of the projected areas and masses for nine clouds within 400 pc of the Sun using 3D dust distribution data from the literature. We find that the viewing angle can have a dramatic effect on the observed areas and masses of individual clouds. The joint probability distributions of the areas and masses are strongly correlated, relatively flat, and can show multiple peaks. The typical ranges and 50% quartiles of the distributions are roughly 100–200% and 20–80% of the median value, respectively, making viewing angle effects important for all individual clouds. The threshold value used to define the cloud areas is also important; our analysis suggests that the clouds become more anisotropic for smaller thresholds (larger scales). On average, the areas and masses of the plane-of-the-sky and face-on projections agree, albeit with a large scatter. This suggests that sample averages of areas and masses are relatively free of viewing angle effects, which is important to facilitate comparisons of extragalactic and Galactic data. Ultimately, our results demonstrate that a cloud’s location in the KS relation is affected by the viewing angle in a non-trivial manner. However, the KS relation of our sample as a whole is not strongly affected by these effects, because the covariance of the areas and masses causes the observed mean column density to remain relatively constant.
Thermodynamic study of canned mince meat and fish in metal cans during 30 months storage
Authors: Gandova Vanya
Published: February 2022

Long storage period for the meat and fish cans of 30 months was presented. The provide investigation aims to found thermodynamic stability in mackerel in tomato sauce and finely ground pork minced meat. During the storage period a decrease in pH in two types of cans were seen. pH values for mackerel in tomato sauce and for finely ground pork minced meat cans were measured between 6.2±0.19 to 4.8±0.22 and 5.8 ±0.24 to 3.9±0.17 in the starting to the end of storage, respectively. Determined absorption is used to calculated equilibrium constant, Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS). For mackerel in tomato sauce ΔG exhibit value -8.33±0.07 kJ.mol−1 and for finely ground pork -6.79±0.09 kJ.mol−1. Microscopic examinations were performed and the size of the particles was determined. In measurements in mackerel in tomato sauce the sizes are between 25±0.79 to 62±1.28 μm and for finely ground pork minced meat the particle sizes are between 32±1.12 to 89±2.48 μm in the investigation period. Based on the experiment, both types of canned food are defined as thermodynamically stable after negative Gibbs energies observations, but canned fish is defined as more stable and may have a longer stored.
Quality changes of cooked sausages influenced by the incorporation of a three-component natural antioxidant blend
Authors: Kolev Nikolay , Vlahova-Vangelova Desislava , Balev Dessislav , Dragoev Stefan
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of triplicate blend of natural antioxidants on the sensorial, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of cooked sausage. Three antioxidants: sodium L-ascorbate (x1), dihydroquercetin isolate from Larix sibirica Ledeb (x2) and lyophilized ethanol (30%) extract of dry distilled rose (Rosa damascena Mill) petals (x3) were studied in doses 0, 0.05 and 0.1 g/kg. The sensory characteristics, pH, primary products of lipid oxidation expressed by peroxide value and total viable count of the concentration of microorganisms were analysed. The studied parameters were measured on the first and the seventh day of the storage at 0-4°C. After 7 days of storage at 0-4°C it was found that the panel evaluated the highest sensory scores in design point 9 with addition of 0.05 g/kg of the three antioxidants and no difference was found compared to the control (without antioxidants). On the contrary, a minimum peroxide value of 2.88 ± 0.03 µeqO2/kg is achieved by the addition of 0.1 g/kg of the three antioxidants. The total viable count of microorganisms and pH values of the control samples were lower than those with the addition of antioxidants. Additional experiments are needed to optimize the three-component antioxidant blend.
Endophytic microflora from Ficus carica L. leaves – isolation, characterization and potential for application
Authors: Lozanova Emiliya , Savova Elena , Lateva Vasilka , Teneva-Angelova Tsvetanka
Published: February 2022

Fig leaves (Ficus carica L.) are widely used in traditional medicine as a remedy or for prevention of many health problems (lowering blood sugar and triglyceride levels, cardiovascular diseases, etc.). The aim of the research was isolation of endophytic microflora, its characterization and proving its potential for future application. Two endophytic bacteria Streptococcus sp. Fcl1 and Kocuria rhizophila Fcl20 were isolated from the fig leaves and characterized. Using HPLC method was also determined the polyphenolic profile of aqueous-alcoholic extract (70% (v/v) ethanol) and microwave-assisted aqueous extract of fig leaves, for the purpose of phytochemical characterization of the plant, for subsequent study of the endophyte-plant relationship. The main found phenolic acids and flavonoids in extracts were: (+)-catechin, vanillic acid, syringic acid, (-)-epicatechin, ferulic acid, salicylic acid, rosmarinic acid, rutin.
Microencapsulation in food industry – an overview
Authors: Petkova Dorina , Mihaylova Dasha , Desseva Ivelina
Published: February 2022

In the modern health concept, food quality is becoming more and more important. People are increasingly looking for added value to their diet through the presence of bioactive substances. Usually, the latter are sensitive molecules; they are unstable in processing and consumption. In addition, problems with unpleasant organoleptic characteristics clean labelling and high production costs can occur. To overcome these problems, a solution can be sought in microencapsulation techniques. Although these techniques have been known for a long time, nowadays their meaning and significance are gaining new dimensions. In this regard, this review aims to provide up-to-date information on currently used microencapsulation techniques, limitations, and prospects.
Effect of basal medium on growth and polyphenols accumulation by Gardenia jasminoides Ellis cell suspension
Authors: Krasteva Gergana
Published: February 2022

The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of different medium bases on accumulation of biomass and secondary metabolites production by Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. cell suspension culture. The result revealed that different media have significant effect on biomass accumulation and production of polyphenol compounds. HPLC analyses showed that the higher polyphenol content was achieved when the cells were cultivated on McCOWN Woody plant Medium (WP) media for 14 days on darkness, at 24°C. At this conditions, the cells produced maximal amounts of catechin (24.44±2.46 µg/g DW), chlorogenic acid (20.26 ±3.68 µg/g DW), epicatechin (70.44±7.46 µg/g DW) and rutin (45.90±0.26 µg/g DW). Both MS and WP media were optimal for biomass accumulation. When cultivated on these media, Gardenia cells accumulated maximal amount of dry biomass ADB = 0.99±0.1g/100ml and ADB = 0.93±0.04 g/100ml for МS and WP, respectively. The corresponding growth indexes were GIDW = 1.68±0.2 on MS and GIDW = 1.58±0.07 on WP medium. The reported results are the first step of future optimization of the nutrient medium composition and cultivation conditions essential for the scale -up of cultivation process of G. jasminoides cell suspension culture for mass production of polyphenolic compounds.
Ligninolytic enzymes in Basidiomycetes and their application in xenobiotics degradation
Authors: Brazkova Mariya , Koleva Ralitza , Angelova Galena , Yemendzhiev Huseyin
Published: February 2022

Variety of microorganisms have already proven their capabilities for degradation of wide range of wastes with anthropogenic nature. These pollutants, both liquid and solids, also include so called xenobiotics like phenol and its derivatives, PAHs, dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, etc. Xenobiotics as bisphenol A (BPA), chlorhexidine (CHX), octenidine (OCT), other disinfectants and antiseptics have high ecotoxicological impact. Moreover, they can also impair our quality of life and our health interfering different metabolic and hormone receptors pathways in human body. Chemical treatment of such wastes is not a viable option because of its poor socio-economics and environmental merits. Therefore, applying effective, ecofriendly and cheap treatment methods is of great importance. Basidiomycetes are extensively investigated for their abilities to degrade numerous pollutants and xenobiotics. Through their extracellular ligninolytic enzymes they are capable of reducing or completely removing wide range of hazardous compounds. These enzymes can be categorized in two groups: oxidases (laccase) and peroxidases (manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, versatile peroxidase). Due to the broad substrate specificity of the secreted enzymes Basidiomycetes can be applied as a powerful tool for bioremediation of diverse xenobiotics and recalcitrant compounds.
New results concerning the hierarchical control of linear and semilinear parabolic equations
Authors: Calsavara Bianca M.R. , Fernández-Cara Enrique , de Teresa Luz , Villa José Antonio
Published: February 2022

This paper deals with the application of multiple strategies to control some parabolic PDEs. We assume that we can act on the system through a hierarchy of distributed controls: with a first control (a follower), we drive the state exactly to zero; then, with an additional control (the leader), we minimize a prescribed cost functional. That means that we invert the roles played by leaders and followers in the recent literature. We study linear and semilinear problems. More precisely, we prove the existence (and uniqueness in the linear case) of a leader-follower couple. Then, we deduce an appropriate optimality system that must be satisfied by the controls and the corresponding state and adjoint states. We also indicate some generalizations to other controls, PDEs and systems. In particular, we establish similar existence and optimality results for hierarchical-biobjective (Pareto-Stackelberg) control problems, where there are two cost functionals and two independent leader controls whose main task is to find an associated Pareto equilibrium and one common follower in charge of null controllability.
Embryonic Development of the Orbit
Authors: Gaca Piotr Jakub , Lewandowicz Michael , Lipczynska-Lewandowska Malgorzata , Simon Michael , Matos Philomena A. Wawer , Doulis Alexandros , Rokohl Alexander C. , Heindl Ludwig M.
Published: February 2022

The embryonic and fetal development of the orbit comprises a series of sequential
events, starting with the fertilization of the ovum and extending until birth.
Most of the publications dealing with orbital morphogenesis describe the
sequential development of each germinal layer, the ectoderm with its
neuroectoderm derivative and the mesoderm. This approach provides a clear
understanding of the mode of development of each layer but does not give the
reader a general picture of the structure of the orbit within any specified time
frame. In order to enhance our understanding of the developmental anatomy of the
orbit, the authors have summarized the recent developments in orbital
morphogenesis, a temporally precise and morphogenetically intricate process.
Understanding this multidimensional process of development in prenatal life,
identifying and linking signaling cascades, as well as the regulatory genes
linked to existing diseases, may pave the way for advanced molecular diagnostic
testing, developing minimally invasive interventions, and the use of
progenitor/stem cell and even regenerative therapy.
Chiral Calcium Phosphate Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Center by Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Reaction of Pyrroles and Trifluoromethylated Nitrostyrenes
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko , Uchikura Tatsuhiro , Yokohama Sosuke , Murakami Mona
Published: February 2022

A chiral calcium phosphate-catalyzed enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of pyrroles and α-trifluoromethyl-β-nitrostyrenes has been developed. Pyrroles bearing an all-carbon quaternary center at 2-position were obtained with high to excellent enantioselectivity. Use of 4,7-dihydroindole as a nucleophile and subsequent oxidation resulted in the formation a 2-substituted indole derivative with excellent enantioselectivity. A 3,4-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine derivative was successfully synthesized by reduction followed by benzoylation of the product without loss of enantioselectivity. Application to a 1 mmol scale reaction was successfully achieved.
Ewing Sarcoma in the Sciatic Nerve: Case Report
Authors: Marques Robinson Antonio Menegotto , Marques Adriana Hernandez , Marques Amanda Hernandez
Published: February 2022

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a malignant neoplasm that affects bones and soft tissues, usually in young patients. Currently, ES is grouped with other tumors that share the same histological and genotypic characteristics, forming the Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors (ESFT), which includes ES of bone, extraosseous ES (peripheral neuroepithelioma), Askin tumor, and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Its origin in peripheral nerves is extremely rare, making its diagnosis and treatment very challenging. We describe a case of a 27-year-old male with extraosseous ES originating in the sciatic nerve, which was surgically removed, and discuss the difficulties encountered in the management of this patient.
Tissue Factor Expression in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: Association with Angiogenesis and Clinical and Pathological Aspects
Authors: Fillmann Lúcio Sarubbi , Fillmann Laura Pinho , Oliveira Leonardo Zarpelon de , Fillmann Henrique Sarubbi , Carvalhal Gustavo Franco
Published: February 2022

Introduction Tissue factor (TF) expression has been described in various neoplasms and was correlated with angiogenesis and metastases.

Objectives To describe TF expression in colorectal cancers, correlating it with microvessel density and clinical and pathological variables.

Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to determine TF expression and microvessel density. The Student t-test was used to compare high and low TF expression with microvessel density and with age. The chi-squared test was used for other comparisons, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for survival analyses.

Results Forty-three patients were operated with curative intent. Their mean age was 58.1 ± 12.6 years old, and 62.8% were male. The rectum was the most common location (60,4%), and most tumors reached the serosa and peri-intestinal fat (72.1%). Lymph nodes were positive in 46.5%, and 72.1% of the tumors were moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. Death occurred in 27.6 ± 12.8 months in 51.1% of the patients who had recurrence. Tissue factor expression was intense in 88.4%. There was a positive correlation between TF expression and microvessel density (p = 0.02), and between TF and older age (p < 0.01). There was no correlation between TF expression and other variables (gender, histological type, penetration into the intestinal wall, and lymphatic and systemic metastases). Tissue factor expression did not correlate with survival.

Conclusion Tissue factor expression correlated with increased microvessel density and older age. Further studies are necessary to ascertain the clinical relevance of TF in colorectal cancer.
A Comparison between Different Management Surgical Approaches in the Treatment of Splenic Flexure Colon Cancer
Authors: El-Hendawy Elsayed I. , Amin Mohamed Farouk , Fahmy Ahmed M. , Alattar Ahmed Z. , Elshorbagy Shereen , Harb Ola A. , Gomaa Ahmed Fathy , Embaby Ahmed , Elsayed Ahmed M. , Osman Gamal , Ali Ramadan M.
Published: February 2022

Background There are many surgical approaches which described extent of resection of the colon for adequate surgical management of splenic flexure cancer, but up till now there is no established surgical procedure, this is because the presence of double lymphatic drainage of the mesenteric vessels. Segmental resection of the colon for the management of splenic flexure cancer was a recently accepted surgical procedure.

Objective In the present study, we aimed to compare three surgical management techniques to clarify the best management approach of Egyptian patients with splenic flexure cancer regarding operative, clinical, and oncological outcomes: segmental resection, and extended left or right hemicolectomy,.

Materials and Methods In the present study, we included 90 patients with splenic flexure cancer. Cases were divided into 3 groups. Each group included 30 patients in order to compare three surgical techniques: segmental resection, extended left hemicolectomy, and extended right hemicolectomy.

Results We have found no statistically significant differences between the three included groups regarding operative findings, postoperative complications, local recurrence, distant recurrence, disease progression, recurrence-free survival rate, progression-free survival rate, and overall survival rate. The operative time was longer, and the number of lymph nodes was higher in the extended right hemicolectomy group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion We have shown that segmental resection of the splenic flexure is surgically and clinically suitable for the adequate management of operable cases of carcinoma of the splenic flexure.
Three-Dimensional Technology in Rhinoplasty
Authors: De Greve Glynnis , Malka Ronit , Barnett Erica , Robotti Enrico , Haug Martin , Hamilton Grant , Lekakis Garyfalia , Hellings Peter William
Published: February 2022

Rhinoplasty is uniquely suited to capitalize on different aspects of three-dimensional (3D) modeling technology. Currently, 3D surface imaging of preoperative and postoperative nasal structure provides a platform for better surgical planning and patient counselling as well as objective postoperative measurements. Physical nasal models using 3D printing technology can improve rhinoplasty performance intraoperatively, postoperative outcomes, together with nasal prosthetic manufacture, by tailoring to specific patient anatomy. Advances in tissue engineering using 3D-printed biocompatible scaffolds have shown excellent nasal cartilage mimicry and hold promise for increasingly versatile directed tissue regeneration in rhinoplasty and nasal reconstructive surgery. As health care innovations are expected to become increasingly common in standard rhinoplasty practices in the future, we give an account of how 3D technologies can create new opportunities to optimize surgical planning and improve overall the patient experience.
A Buccal Space Approach for Midface Free Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Gréant Elisabeth , Haesendonck Gilles Van , Faris Callum
Published: February 2022

This article describes a transbuccal approach to reach the facial vessels. The anatomy of this intraoral approach is predictable, minimizing the risk of facial nerve dysfunction. This technique provides the possibility of free flap midface reconstruction with short pedicles and avoids the need to use vein grafts. Moreover, it is esthetically preferable. Through cadaver dissection and anatomical drawings, we describe extensively the different surgical steps. Using the combination of the previous knowledge and recent anatomical understandings, we can provide a reliable step-by-step approach to find the facial artery and vein through a transbuccal approach for microvascular midface free flap repair.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Pediatric Patients: Results from a Single Center
Authors: Dalkiran Tahir , Mercan Mehmet , Ipek Sevcan , Güllü Ufuk Utku , Kandur Yasar , Acipayam Can , Dilber Cengiz
Published: February 2022

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) can be applied as an effective therapeutic option in children with hematological, neurological, nephrological, and autoimmune/rheumatic disorders. We aimed to report our TPE experience in pediatric patients. In this article, we retrospectively reviewed the records of pediatric patients who underwent TPE between 2019 and 2021. A total of 128 TPE sessions were performed in 25 patients (13 males,12 females; mean age 59.6 ± 11.7 [3–198] months). The TPE indications were sepsis with/without multiorgan dysfunction syndrome in five patients, acute liver failure, hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in three patients, respectively, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune encephalitis, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in two patients each, and myasthenia gravis crisis, meningococcemia, hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by coronavirus disease 2019, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, autoimmune encephalitis, and metabolic disease (fatty acid oxidation defect, liver failure) in one patient each. Based on our findings, we proposed that the American Society for Apheresis criteria should be updated according to newly described clinical conditions such as MIS-C.
Analysis of Patients Undergoing Colonoscopies and the Importance of Exam Quality for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Furlanetto Marcos Venícios , Zwierzikowski Jaqueline Alves , Bertoldo Carolina Fischer , Wistuba Guilherme Andretta Sotto Maior , Tashima Eduardo Issao Brand , Vieira Ana Helena Bessa Gonçalves , Invitti Henrique Luckow , Brenner Antonio Sérgio
Published: February 2022

Objective To determine the impact of the quality of colonoscopy examination for colorectal cancer screening.

Methods Retrospective observational study of medical records from patients treated at the endoscopy and colonoscopy service of Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie (Curitiba, PR, Brazil) from January 2019 to January 2020.

Results The analysis was based on 337 medical records from patients with adenomas identified during colonoscopy, and 1,385 medical records from patients without adenomas. The estimated occurrence rate of diagnosis of adenoma during colonoscopy in the target population of the study was of 19.6%, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 17.7 to 21.5%. Of the 337 patients with adenoma, 136 (40.4%) presented the advanced form. Statistical analysis indicated a significant association between the quality of colonoscopy preparation and test completion.

Conclusion The quality of colonoscopy images is a critical factor for colorectal cancer screening, as it leads to higher rates of adenoma detection and test completion.
Surgical Roles in the Management of Metachronus Para-aortic Lymph Node Recurrence and Synchronous Para-aortic Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Abd-Elaziz Osama , Ali Ramadan M. , Amin Mohamed Farouk , Fahmy Ahmed M. , Elshorbagy Shereen , Mandour Doaa , Hemeda Rehab , Harb Ola A. , Samir Amr , El-Hendawy Elsayed I.
Published: February 2022

Background The relative rarity of synchronous para-aortic lymph node (PALN) metastasis (SPM) and metachronous PALN recurrence (MPR) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients leads to a limited number of studies on patient management, and no treatment guidelines have been established to date.

Objective To assess the prognostic, predictive roles, and long-term outcomes of different management strategies for isolated MPR and SPM in CRC patients to establish the best one.

Materials and Methods We included 35 CRC patients with isolated MPR and 25 patients with isolated SPM who underwent curative R0 resection. We performed PALN dissection (PALND) in 15 cases in MPR group and in 10 cases in the SPM group; all remaining patients in both groups underwent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) without further surgical intervention. During the study period of about 5 years, we compared the patients who underwent PALND and those who underwent CRT.

Results The overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates were significantly longer in patients who underwent PALND (p = 0.049 and 0.036 respectively).

Conclusions We showed that PALND in cases of CRC patients with SPM and MPR previously submitted to R0 resection was associated with favorable outcomes and better patient survival.
Interventionismus: Überregulierung führt zu Erstarrung
Authors: Bornemeier Olaf
Published: February 2022

Wenn es noch eines Beweises für die überbordende Bürokratie der Krankenhauswirtschaft gebraucht hätte, liegt er nun vor: Binnen 21 Monaten ist die tägliche Berichtspflicht im Zusammenhang mit Kapazitäten zur Bekämpfung der Corona-Pandemie von ursprünglich 10 auf nunmehr 41 Kriterien angewachsen.