bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Diversity of Trematodes in Myotis Bats (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from the Samarskaya Luka (European Russia)
Authors: Kirillova Nadezhda Yu. , Kirillov Alexander A. , Vekhnik Victoria A.
Published: December 2023

Various bat species often occupy the same habitats. Cohabitation should induce different preferences in spatial or trophic components of the bat ecological niche to reduce their competition. This determines the differences in the trematode fauna of Myotis spp. The purpose of our research was to study the biodiversity of trematodes in syntopic populations of five Myotis species in the Samarskaya Luka National Park. In the 2005–2007 period, we studied 867 bat specimens via the methods of complete helminthological dissection. In total, 11 trematode species from the families Plagiorchiidae (Plagiorchis koreanus, P. mordovii, P. muelleri, and P. vespertilionis), Pleurogenidae (Parabascus duboisi), and Lecithodendriidae (Prosthodendrium ascidia, Pr. chilostomum, Pr. cryptolecithum, Pr. hurkovaae, Pr. longiforme, and Lecithodendrium linstowi) were found in five Myotis species. Only three trematode species, P. koreanus, Pr. chilostomum, and P. duboisi, are common to all studied Myotis spp. Prosthodendrium cryptolecithum was recorded for the first time in Russia. Trematode species diversity is higher in Myotis daubentonii and M. dasycneme. The trematode fauna of M. brandtii, M. nattereri, and M. mystacinus is less diverse. The determining factor in the infection of bats with trematodes is feeding on semi-aquatic insects, possible second intermediate hosts of the parasites. The infection of bats with flukes occurs at different levels of host (Myotis spp.) abundance as a result of the realization of the main bat trophic relationships. Our results confirm the data that the ecological niches of the five Myotis species partially overlap. Analysis of the trematode fauna in Myotis spp. showed that, in the Samarskaya Luka, there may be weak competition for food items among bats.
Effects of Species-Specific Auditory Stimulation on Broiler Embryos on Hatchability, Developmental Stability, Behavior, and Performance Characteristics
Authors: Narinç Doğan , Aygun Ali
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study is to expose broiler embryos to species-specific sounds from the 444th and 468th hours of incubation until the end of incubation and, thus, to determine the effects of these stimulations on their hatching characteristics, performance traits, developmental stability, and behavioral characteristics. Auditory stimulation sounds are a total of 5 min of recording consisting of sounds made by embryos during and after internal piping and response sounds made by the broody hen at that time. The auditory stimulation pattern was created as 5 min of recording and 5 min of silence for a total of 20 min of recording, and this sound pattern was played continuously with 65 dB sound intensity and 800 Hz sound frequency. A total of 750 Ross 308 broiler hatching eggs were equally divided into three groups (AS1: auditory stimulation from hour 444, AS2: sound stimulation from hour 468), and two stimulation groups and a control (silent) group were incubated in three homologous incubators. Due to auditory stimulation, the hatching window in embryos exposed to species-specific sounds beginning at the 444th hour of the incubation period was determined to be 28 h in this study. Auditory stimulation was late in the embryos exposed to species-specific sounds from the 468th hour of incubation, and the incubation windows in this group and the silent (control) group were determined to be 36 h and 40 h, respectively. The chicks that were exposed to early auditory stimulation during incubation exhibited a higher average Tona score (99.03) in comparison to the other groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the number of chicks discarded was comparatively higher than the others (p < 0.05). Auditory stimulation during incubation had no effect on live weight, Gompertz growth curve parameters, feed conversion ratio, slaughter-carcass characteristics, behavioral traits, or developmental balance characteristics. Consequently, it was determined that the incubation window and the number of marketable chicks were both substantially impacted by the implementation of species-specific auditory stimulation. However, further research is required to ascertain the precise timing of this auditory stimulation.
Effect of Acute and Cumulative Stress on Gene Expression in Mammary Tissue and Their Interactions with Physiological Responses and Milk Yield in Saanen Goats
Authors: Vasconcelos Marta Liliane de , Silva Priscila dos Santos , Hooper Henrique Barbosa , Merighe Giovana Krempel Fonseca , Oliveira Sandra Aparecida de , Negrão João Alberto
Published: December 2023

This study addresses the hypothesis that different acute stressors can cumulatively decrease milk yield. In fact, in a time of global warming, the impact of environmental stress and farm management practices on milk production remains unclear. In this context, our objective was to investigate the effect of acute and cumulative stress on gene expression in mammary tissue and their interactions with physiological responses and milk yield in Saanen goats. Thirty lactating goats were subjected to two treatments: (1) control (CT), in which goats were maintained following a habitual routine under comfort conditions; (2) stress (ST), in which the goats were subjected to different types of environmental stress: heat stress, adrenocorticotropic hormone administration, hoof care management, and exposure to rain. These stressors were performed sequentially, with one stress per day on four consecutive lactation days, to evaluate their effect on milk quality and milk yield. Our results showed that compared to CT goats, cumulative stress increased the gene expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in mammary tissue, which are indicators of cortisol action, inflammatory response, and antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the acute challenges imposed on ST goats changed their rectal temperature and respiratory frequency and increased cortisol, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein release in plasma when compared to CT goats. Although these physiological and metabolic responses restore homeostasis, ST goats showed lower milk yield and higher somatic cell count in milk than CT goats. In conclusion, the results confirmed our initial hypothesis that different acute stressors cumulatively decrease the milk yield in Saanen goats.
Prevalence of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus Section Fumigati Strains Isolated from Romanian Vineyard Soil Samples
Authors: Colosi Horațiu Alexandru , Baciu Alina Mihaela , Costache Carmen , Opris Razvan Vlad , Popp Radu Anghel , Sabou Marcela , Colosi Ioana Alina
Published: December 2023

The relationship between fungal species and their resistance patterns in vineyard soils has important implications for agriculture and medicine. This study explored the prevalence of Aspergillus section Fumigati species and their resistance to azole compounds in Romanian vineyard soils. Methods: A total of 265 soil samples from various Romanian vineyards were screened for fungi resistant to azoles. Results: Aspergillus section Fumigati isolates exhibited significant resistance to itraconazole and voriconazole, but no azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus strains were detected. Six percent of the samples were positive for Aspergillus section Fumigati strains, all of which were azole-resistant. The strains were mainly Aspergillus udagawae (93.75%) and Aspergillus lentulus (6.25%). The predominant azole-resistant Aspergillus species were Aspergillus section Nigri strains, which were found in 75 soil samples. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of understanding fungal resistance in vineyard soils for both the agricultural and clinical sectors. The presence of resistant strains may affect vine health and wine production while also constituting a challenge in the selection of effective treatments against severe and potentially fatal fungal infections in humans, stressing the importance of species-specific antifungal resistance knowledge.
Impact of Beta-Lactam Target Attainment on Resistance Development in Patients with Gram-Negative Infections
Authors: Maranchick Nicole F. , Webber Jessica , Alshaer Mohammad H. , Felton Timothy W. , Peloquin Charles A.
Published: December 2023

Background: The objective was to identify associations between beta-lactam pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets and Gram-negative bacteria resistance emergence in patients. Methods: Retrospective data were collected between 2016 to 2019 at the University of Florida Health-Shands Hospital in Gainesville, FL. Adult patients with two Gram-negative isolates receiving cefepime, meropenem, or piperacillin-tazobactam and who had plasma beta-lactam concentrations were included. Beta-lactam exposures and time free drug concentrations that exceeded minimum inhibitory concentrations (ƒT > MIC), four multiples of MIC (ƒT > 4× MIC), and free area under the time concentration curve to MIC (ƒAUC/MIC) were generated. Resistance emergence was defined as any increase in MIC or two-fold increase in MIC. Multiple regression analysis assessed the PK/PD parameter impact on resistance emergence. Results: Two hundred fifty-six patients with 628 isolates were included. The median age was 58 years, and 59% were males. Cefepime was the most common beta-lactam (65%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa the most common isolate (43%). The mean daily ƒAUC/MIC ≥ 494 was associated with any increase in MIC (p = 0.002) and two-fold increase in MIC (p = 0.004). The daily ƒAUC/MIC ≥ 494 was associated with decreased time on antibiotics (p = 0.008). P. aeruginosa was associated with any increase in MIC (OR: 6.41, 95% CI [3.34–12.28]) or 2× increase in MIC (7.08, 95% CI [3.56–14.07]). Conclusions: ƒAUC/MIC ≥ 494 may be associated with decreased Gram-negative resistance emergence.
Continuous-Wave and Mode-Locked Operation of an In-Band Pumped Tm,Ho,Lu:CaGdAlO4 Laser
Authors: Zeng Huangjun , Xue Wenze , Murray Robert T. , Chen Weidong , Pan Zhongben , Wang Li , Cui Chen , Loiko Pavel , Mateos Xavier , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin
Published: December 2023

We investigate in-band pumping of a Tm,Ho,Lu:CaGdAlO4 laser using a Raman-shifted Er-fiber laser (1678 nm), in the continuous-wave (CW) and mode-locked (ML) regimes. A maximum output power of 524 mW is obtained in the CW regime with a 5% output coupler at an absorbed pump power of 2.04 W, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 27.9%. A maximum CW wavelength tuning range of 160 nm at the zero level, from 1984 to 2144 nm, is obtained with a 0.2% output coupler. In the ML regime, pumping with 5.5 W (unpolarized), the average output power (0.2% output coupler) reaches 148 mW at a repetition rate of ~96 MHz. The output spectrum is centered at 2071.5 nm with a FWHM of 21.5 nm (σ-polarization). The pulse duration amounts to 218 fs (time-bandwidth product equal to 0.327).
A Multiscale Deep Encoder–Decoder with Phase Congruency Algorithm Based on Deep Learning for Improving Diagnostic Ultrasound Image Quality
Authors: Kim Ryeonhui , Kim Kyuseok , Lee Youngjin
Published: December 2023

Ultrasound imaging is widely used as a noninvasive lesion detection method in diagnostic medicine. Improving the quality of these ultrasound images is very important for accurate diagnosis, and deep learning-based algorithms have gained significant attention. This study proposes a multiscale deep encoder–decoder with phase congruency (MSDEPC) algorithm based on deep learning to improve the quality of diagnostic ultrasound images. The MSDEPC algorithm included low-resolution (LR) images and edges as inputs and constructed a multiscale convolution and deconvolution network. Simulations were conducted using the Field 2 program, and data from real experimental research were obtained using five clinical datasets containing images of the carotid artery, liver hemangiomas, breast malignancy, thyroid carcinomas, and obstetric nuchal translucency. LR images, bicubic interpolation, and super-resolution convolutional neural networks (SRCNNs) were modeled as comparison groups. Through visual assessment, the image processed using the MSDEPC was the clearest, and the lesions were clearly distinguished. The structural similarity index metric (SSIM) value of the simulated ultrasound image using the MSDEPC algorithm improved by approximately 38.84% compared to LR. In addition, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and SSIM values of clinical ultrasound images using the MSDEPC algorithm improved by approximately 2.33 times and 88.58%, respectively, compared to LR. In conclusion, the MSDEPC algorithm is expected to significantly improve the spatial resolution of ultrasound images.
Combining Contrastive Learning with Auto-Encoder for Out-of-Distribution Detection
Authors: Luo Dawei , Zhou Heng , Bae Joonsoo , Yun Bom
Published: December 2023

Reliability and robustness are fundamental requisites for the successful integration of deep-learning models into real-world applications. Deployed models must exhibit an awareness of their limitations, necessitating the ability to discern out-of-distribution (OOD) data and prompt human intervention, a critical competency. While several frameworks for OOD detection have been introduced and achieved remarkable results, most state-of-the-art (SOTA) models rely on supervised learning with annotated data for their training. However, acquiring labeled data can be a demanding, time-consuming or, in some cases, an infeasible task. Consequently, unsupervised learning has gained substantial traction and has made noteworthy advancements. It empowers models to undergo training solely on unlabeled data while still achieving comparable or even superior performance compared to supervised alternatives. Among the array of unsupervised methods, contrastive learning has asserted its effectiveness in feature extraction for a variety of downstream tasks. Conversely, auto-encoders are extensively employed to acquire indispensable representations that faithfully reconstruct input data. In this study, we introduce a novel approach that amalgamates contrastive learning with auto-encoders for OOD detection using unlabeled data. Contrastive learning diligently tightens the grouping of in-distribution data while meticulously segregating OOD data, and the auto-encoder augments the feature space with increased refinement. Within this framework, data undergo implicit classification into in-distribution and OOD categories with a notable degree of precision. Our experimental findings manifest that this method surpasses most of the existing detectors reliant on unlabeled data or even labeled data. By incorporating an auto-encoder into an unsupervised learning framework and training it on the CIFAR-100 dataset, our model enhances the detection rate of unsupervised learning methods by an average of 5.8%. Moreover, it outperforms the supervised-based OOD detector by an average margin of 11%.
Analysis of Density Altitude Characteristics at Chinese Airports
Authors: Kang Xianbiao , Zhao Guoqing , Song Haijun , Zeng Xianfeng
Published: December 2023

This study conducts a detailed 23-year analysis of Density Altitude (DA) at 34 major airports across China, utilizing Meteorological Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) datasets, and discovers significant regional DA variations due to the country’s diverse topography and climate. Central and eastern regions exhibit higher DA values because of lower atmospheric pressures at higher altitudes, while northeastern airports have lower DA values, attributed to colder temperatures and lower elevations. A crucial finding is the substantial impact of humidity on DA, particularly in the southern coastal regions, a factor often neglected in pilot training, highlighting the necessity to revise aviation education to include humidity’s impact on DA. The study advocates for a region-specific approach to Chinese aviation operations, tailored to local DA influences, and suggests strategic adjustments in flight planning and risk assessment to address these regional differences, enhancing aviation safety and efficiency.
Brain Active Areas Associated with a Mental Arithmetic Task: An eLORETA Study
Authors: Dattola Serena , Bonanno Lilla , Ielo Augusto , Quercia Angelica , Quartarone Angelo , La Foresta Fabio
Published: December 2023

The neural underpinnings of mental calculation, the fundamentals of arithmetic representations and processes, and the development of arithmetic abilities have been explored by researchers over the years. In the present work, we report a study that analyzes the brain-activated areas of a group of 35 healthy subjects (9 males, 26 females, mean age ± SD = 18.23 ± 2.20 years) who performed a serial subtraction arithmetic task. In contrast to most of the studies in the literature based on fMRI, we performed the brain active source reconstruction starting from EEG signals by means of the eLORETA method. In particular, the subjects were classified as bad counters or good counters, according to the results of the task, and the brain activity of the two groups was compared. The results were statistically significant only in the beta band, revealing that the left limbic lobe was found to be more active in people showing better performance. The limbic lobe is involved in visuospatial processing, memory, arithmetic fact retrieval, and emotions. However, the role of the limbic lobe in mental arithmetic has been barely explored, so these interesting findings could represent a starting point for future in-depth analyses. Since there is evidence in the literature that the motor system is affected by the execution of arithmetic tasks, a more extensive knowledge of the brain activation associated with arithmetic tasks could be exploited not only for the assessment of mathematical skills but also in the evaluation of motor impairments and, consequently, in rehabilitation for motor disorders.
Primary and Secondary Bystander Effects of Proton Microbeam Irradiation on Human Lung Cancer Cells under Hypoxic Conditions
Authors: Autsavapromporn Narongchai , Kobayashi Alisa , Liu Cuihua , Duangya Aphidet , Oikawa Masakazu , Tengku Ahmad Tengku Ahbrizal , Konishi Teruaki
Published: December 2023

Tumor hypoxia is the most common feature of radioresistance to the radiotherapy (RT) of lung cancer and results in poor clinical outcomes. High-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation is a novel RT technique to overcome this problem. However, a limited number of studies have been elucidated on the underlying mechanism(s) of RIBE and RISBE in cancer cells exposed to high-LET radiation under hypoxia. Here, we developed a new method to investigate the RIBE and RISBE under hypoxia using the SPICE-QST proton microbeams and a layered tissue co-culture system. Normal lung fibroblast (WI-38) and lung cancer (A549) cells were exposed in the range of 06 Gy of proton microbeams, wherein only ~0.04–0.15% of the cells were traversed by protons. Subsequently, primary bystander A549 cells were co-cultured with secondary bystander A549 cells in the presence or absence of a GJIC and NO inhibitor using co-culture systems. Studies show that there are differences in RIBE in A549 and WI-38 primary bystander cells under normoxia and hypoxia. Interestingly, treatment with a GJIC inhibitor showed an increase in the toxicity of primary bystander WI-38 cells but a decrease in A549 cells under hypoxia. Our results also show the induction of RISBE in secondary bystander A549 cells under hypoxia, where GJIC and NO inhibitors reduced the stressful effects on secondary bystander A549 cells. Together, these preliminary results, for the first time, represented the involvement of intercellular communications through GJIC in propagation of RIBE and RISBE in hypoxic cancer cells.
Morphological Variability and Function of Labial Cartilages in Sharks (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii)
Authors: Klimpfinger Claudia , Kriwet Jürgen
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Labial cartilages (LCs), as their name suggests, lie in the folds of the connective tissue, the lips, framing the gape of elasmobranch chondrichthyans. As such, these cartilages lie laterally to the jaws and marginal teeth. They are considered to influence the ability of creating suction during the feeding process. As past studies have shown, LCs in sharks are as diverse as their varied feeding techniques and differ between species in number, size, shape, and position. This allows establishing parameters for inferring the feeding and hunting behaviors in these ecologically important fishes. (2) Methods: We present a study of LCs based on the CT scans of more than 100 extant shark species and, therefore, represent at least one member of every living family within the Euselachii, excluding batoids. (3) Results: Accordingly, sharks without labial cartilages or that have only small remnants are ram feeders or use pure biting and mainly occupy higher trophic levels (tertiary and quaternary consumers), whereas suction-feeding sharks have higher numbers (up to five pairs) of well-developed LCs and occupy slightly lower trophic levels (mainly secondary consumers). Species with unique feeding strategies, like the cookie-cutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis, an ectoparasite), display distinct shapes of LCs, while generalist species, conversely, exhibit a simpler arrangement of LCs. (4) Conclusions: We propose a dichotomous identification key to classify single LCs into different morphotypes and propose combinations of morphotypes that result in suction feeding differing in strength and, therefore, different hunting and feeding strategies. The conclusions of this study allow to infer information about feeding strategies not only in extant less-known sharks but also extinct sharks.
Ca2+ Signaling and Src Functions in Tumor Cells
Authors: Villalobo Antonio
Published: December 2023

Signaling by calcium ion (Ca2+) plays a prominent role in cell physiology, and these mechanisms are frequently altered in tumor cells. In this review, we consider the interplay of Ca2+ signaling and the functions of the proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src in tumor cells, and the viral oncogenic variant v-Src in transformed cells. Also, other members of the Src-family kinases are considered in this context. The role of Ca2+ in the cell is frequently mediated by Ca2+-binding proteins, where the Ca2+-sensor protein calmodulin (CaM) plays a prominent, essential role in many cellular signaling pathways. Thus, we cover the available information on the role and direct interaction of CaM with c-Src and v-Src in cancerous cells, the phosphorylation of CaM by v-Src/c-Src, and the actions of different CaM-regulated Ser/Thr-protein kinases and the CaM-dependent phosphatase calcineurin on v-Src/c-Src. Finally, we mention some clinical implications of these systems to identify mechanisms that could be targeted for the therapeutic treatment of human cancers.
Impact of CPAP Therapy on the Autonomic Nervous System
Authors: Friščić Tea , Vidović Domagoj , Alfirević Igor , Galić Edvard
Published: December 2023

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) with increasing prevalence. An important mechanism of CVD development is a dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This prospective and controlled cohort study aimed to investigate ANS function in OSA including the response to long-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy by analyzing 24 h Holter electrocardiogram and 24 h Holter ambulatory blood pressure recording parameters. The study enrolled 57 patients who were newly diagnosed with severe OSA. After 6 months of CPAP therapy, 37 patients had a good therapy adherence (usage of CPAP device >4 h per night), and their data were analyzed. The difference in nocturnal diastolic blood pressure values before and after CPAP therapy reached statistical significance (76 (68–84) vs. 74 (63–80) mmHg, p = 0.0439). Lower nocturnal values after CPAP therapy of SDNN (101.5 vs. 95 ms, p = 0.0492) and RMSSD (29.5 vs. 26 ms, p = 0.0193) were found. An increase in diurnal spectral power (1742 vs. 2112 ms2, p = 0.0282) and a decrease in nocturnal spectral power (3256 vs. 2124 ms2, p = 0.0097), nocturnal VLF band (2493 vs. 1485.4 ms2, p = 0.0176), nocturnal LF band (638.7 vs. 473 ms2, p = 0.0097), and nocturnal HF band (234.9 vs. 135.7 ms2, p = 0.0319) was found. The results showed an imbalance of the ANS with a sympathetic predominance, especially during the night hours and in those with arterial hypertension. The impact of CPAP therapy on the improvement in ANS parameters was more pronounced at night, in men, and those with arterial hypertension.
Screening and Analysis of Potential Inhibitors of SHMT2
Authors: Chen Bojin , Zhang John Z. H.
Published: December 2023

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) has garnered significant attention as a critical catalytic regulator of the serine/glycine pathway in the one-carbon metabolism of cancer cells. Despite its potential as an anti-cancer target, only a limited number of inhibitors have been identified so far. In this study, we employed seven different scoring functions and skeleton clustering to screen the ChemDiv database for 38 compounds, 20 of which originate from the same skeleton structure. The most significant residues from SHMT2 and chemical groups from the inhibitors were identified using ASGBIE (Alanine Scanning with Generalized Born model and Interaction Entropy), and the binding energy of each residue was quantitatively determined, revealing the essential features of the protein–inhibitor interaction. The two most important contributing residues are TYR105 and TYR106 of the B chain followed by LEU166 and ARG425 of the A chain. The findings will be greatly helpful in developing a thorough comprehension of the binding mechanisms involved in drug–SHMT2 interactions and offer valuable direction for designing more potent inhibitors.
A Fiber-Optical Dosimetry Sensor for Gamma-Ray Irradiation Measurement in Biological Applications
Authors: Elsharkawi Adel Shaaban Awad , Alazab Huda A. , Sayed Mahmoud , Askar Mostafa A. , Abdelrahman Ibrahim Y. , Arafa Amany A. , Saleh Hassan I. , Gomaa Lotfy R. , Du Yi-Chun
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we propose a novel fiber-optical dosimetry sensor for radiation measurement in biological applications. A two-dimensional (2D) fiber-optical dosimeter (FOD) for radiation measurement is considered. The sensors are arranged as a 2D array in a tailored holder. This FOD targets accurate industrial and medical applications which seek more tolerant radiation dosimeters. In this paper, the FOD sensors are subjected to gamma-ray radiation facilities from the 137Cs gamma-ray irradiator type for low doses and 60Co gamma-ray irradiator for high doses. For better evaluation of radiation effects on the FOD sample, the measurements are performed using eight sensors (hollow cylinder shape) with two samples in each dose. The sensors were measured before and after each irradiation. To the author’s knowledge, the measurements of FOD transplanted inside animals are presented for the first time in this paper. A 2D simulation program has been implemented for numerical simulation based on the attenuation factors from the absorbed dose inside the in vivo models. A comparison between the FOD and the standard thermo-luminescence detector is presented based on the test of in vivo animal models. The results indicate that the proposed FOD sensor is more stable and has higher sensitivity.
Index of Residential Development: Evaluation of the Possibility of New Residential Construction Depending on the City Plan
Authors: Vařbuchta Petr , Hromádka Vít
Published: December 2023

This article focuses on the issue of the urban development of cities and their residential development from the perspective of spatial planning. Spatial planning fundamentally determines what kind of construction is feasible in cities. However, spatial plans often do not consider spatial limits, which often go against the proposed ways of using the given sites, or make their use fundamentally difficult, for example, by disproportionately increasing of the costs of residential construction, when it is necessary to remediate old burdens in the defined locality. The subject of the presented research was to examine the possibility of establishing an Index of Residential Development (IoRD), which evaluates the possibilities of residential development in the territory of urban agglomerations. The aim of the research, in the form of establishing of an Index of Residential Development (IoRD), was to assess how it is possible to consider spatial limits associated with residential construction in urban intravilanes in order to identify the objectives of further spatial development planned by cities. Subsequently, the partial aim of the research was also to create a usable tool for support in the decision making of development organizations on the location of their project in a given space. Based on the results of the research, it was deduced that the limits associated with the residential development in intravilanes based on the IoRD could be considered. Clear links were also shown between the limits in the territory and the impaired possibility of construction in cities with zoning plans, which did not respond to the limits in the territory by adding other design zones, or completely ignored them. Although the methodology for determining of the Index of Residential Development (IoRD) was verified due to the availability of data in the case study carried out in the Czech Republic city of Brno, the methodology is applicable to any urban agglomeration even outside the Czech Republic when fulfilling the conditions defined in the article.
Effect of Soil Anisotropy on Ground Motion Characteristics
Authors: Xie Yuhong , Cao Zhou , Yu Jian
Published: December 2023

Soil transverse isotropy results in different stiffness characteristics in horizontal and vertical directions. However, the effect is usually neglected in seismic motion analysis. In this study, an equivalent linear anisotropic soil model was established based on the finite element method, and we investigated the impact of anisotropic parameters on ground motion at the site under various seismic wave inputs. It was found that the anisotropic parameters have a more significant effect on seismic waves, with the dominant frequency being closer to the fundamental frequency of the site. As an example, the soil dynamic parameters in Shanghai Yangshan Port were calibrated by a series of bending elements, resonance columns, and cyclic triaxial tests. The influences of anisotropy on the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and response spectrum were studied for Yangshan Port. Additionally, the standard design response spectra considering the soil anisotropy were provided. A comparison reveals that the existing isotropic design response spectrum may lead to dangerous seismic design for the structures at Yangshan port.
Association between Proinflammatory Cytokines and Lung Cancer Risk: A Case-Cohort Study from a Community-Based Prospective Cohort
Authors: Park Eun Young , Park Eunjung , Jin Taiyue , Lim Min Kyung , Oh Jin-Kyung
Published: December 2023

Recent studies have shed light on alterations to the proinflammatory tumor microenvironment as a significant carcinogenic mechanism. Despite previous studies on associations between proinflammatory cytokines and lung cancer risk, few studies have been conducted in Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate associations between proinflammatory cytokines and lung cancer risk, considering histological types, in the Korean general population. We carried out a case-cohort study on the Korean National Cancer Center Community (KNCCC) cohort (lung cancer cases: 136, subcohort: 822). Pre-diagnostic serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-10) were measured using Quantikine® ELISA. A Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis was conducted. In this study, serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ were associated with lung cancer risk. IL-6 was associated with lung cancer, regardless of the histological type. IL-1β had an association only with adenocarcinoma, while IFN-γ had an association only with squamous-cell carcinoma. This study shows associations between serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ and lung cancer risk, underscoring the potential of these cytokines to act as risk biomarkers. The utilization of these biomarkers for risk prediction may hold the promise of facilitating the identification of the high-risk population.
Precision Isolation of Circulating Leukemia Cells in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Patients Using a Novel Microfluidic Device and Its Clinical Applications
Authors: Ouyang Dongfang , Ye Ningxin , Yang Kun , Wang Yiyang , Hu Lina , Chao Shuen , Toner Mehmet , Li Yonghua
Published: December 2023

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is a prevalent hematologic malignancy characterized by the malignant transformation of myeloid cells and their proliferation in the peripheral blood. The management of CML poses significant challenges, particularly in detecting and eradicating minimal residual disease, which is crucial for preventing relapse and improving survival outcomes. Traditional minimal residual disease detection methods, such as bone marrow aspiration, are invasive and have limitations which include the potential for sampling errors and false negatives. This study introduces a novel label-free microfluidic chip designed for the segregation and recovery of circulating leukemia cells, offering a non-invasive liquid biopsy approach with potential applications in precision medicine. Over July 2021 to October 2023, we recruited 56 CML patients across various disease stages and collected blood samples for analysis using our microfluidic device. The device demonstrated high efficacy in isolating circulating leukemia cells, with an optimal capture efficiency of 78% at a sample flow rate of 3 mL/h. Our results indicate that the microfluidic device can efficiently segregate and quantify circulating leukemia cells, providing a detailed understanding of CML progression and treatment response. The significant reduction in circulating leukemia cell counts in patients in complete remission highlights the device’s potential in monitoring treatment efficacy. Furthermore, the device’s sensitivity in detecting minimal residual disease could offer a more reliable prognostic tool for therapeutic decision-making in CML management.
Gold Nanoparticles Enhance the Tumor Growth-Suppressing Effects of Cetuximab and Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Sato Takumi , Kakei Yasumasa , Hasegawa Takumi , Kashin Masahiko , Teraoka Shun , Yamaguchi Akinobu , Sasaki Ryohei , Akashi Masaya
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy with the aim of eradicating cancer cells without affecting normal tissues. HNSCC expresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cetuximab, an IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, has been approved for the treatment of HNSCC. However, cetuximab has low reactivity and induces serious side effects. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were reported to enhance the local antitumor effects of radiotherapy without damaging normal cells. Methods and Results: This study investigated the in vitro effects of single and combination therapy with AuNPs (1.0 nM), cetuximab (30 nM), and radiotherapy (4 Gy) on a human HNSCC cell line, HSC-3. Combination treatment of AuNPs + cetuximab + radiotherapy markedly reduced HSC-3 numbers and proliferation and enhanced apoptosis compared with single and double combination treatments. Furthermore, the in vivo combination treatment (AuNPs + cetuximab + radiotherapy) of a xenograft model of HSC-3 cells transplanted into nude mice (BALB/cAJcl-nu/nu) reduced the tumor volume compared with the controls. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of AuNPs in tumor tissues and toxicity analysis indicated that AuNPs had no toxic effect on normal tissues. Conclusions: This study showed that AuNPs alone do not have a tumor-suppressing effect, but they sensitize tumors to radiotherapy and bind to cetuximab, leading to enhanced antitumor effects.
Comparing Prognosis for BRCA1, BRCA2, and Non-BRCA Breast Cancer
Authors: Antunes Meireles Pedro , Fragoso Sofia , Duarte Teresa , Santos Sidónia , Bexiga Catarina , Nejo Priscila , Luís Ana , Mira Beatriz , Miguel Isália , Rodrigues Paula , Vaz Fátima
Published: December 2023

Background: Germline pathogenic variants (PV) in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which account for 20% of familial breast cancer (BC) cases, are highly penetrant and are associated with Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer Syndrome. Previous studies, mostly including higher numbers of BRCA1 BC patients, yielded conflicting results regarding BRCA1/2 BC outcomes. In the Portuguese population, BRCA2 BC is diagnosed more frequently than BRCA1 BC. We aimed to compare clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis between BC patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and a control group without germline PV (BRCA-wt). Furthermore, we explored the frequency and outcomes of risk-reducing surgeries in BRCA-mutated patients. Methods: Prospective follow-up was proposed for patients with a diagnosed BRCA1/2 PV. For this study, a matched control group (by age at diagnosis, by decade, and by stage at diagnosis) included BC patients without germline PV. We compared overall survival (OS) and invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) within the three groups, and the use of risk-reducing surgeries among the BRCA cohort. Results: For a mean follow-up time of 113.0 months, BRCA-wt patients showed longer time to recurrence (p = 0.002) and longer OS (p < 0.001). Among patients with BRCA mutations, no statistical differences were found, although patients with BRCA2 BC had longer iDFS and OS. Uptake of risk-reducing surgeries (contralateral prophylactic mastectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy) were negative predictors of invasive disease and death, respectively. Conclusions: Testing positive for a BRCA PV is associated with a higher risk of relapse and death in patients with BC in the Portuguese population. Risk-reducing mastectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy were associated with lower incidence of relapse and longer median iDFS and OS, respectively.
Clinical Profile of Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas Based on Scoring System: An Institutional Experience in Indonesia
Authors: Aman Renindra Ananda , Sitorus Risayogi W. A. H. , Rahman Muhamad Aulia , Santoso Fabianto , Kurniawan Ramadhan
Published: December 2023

Tuberculum sellae meningioma (TSM) is a challenging tumor that grows close to several crucial structures, such as the optic nerve, arteries, and pituitary. Surgical treatment is currently evolving from a transcranial microsurgical resection to a transsphenoidal approach. This study examined the clinical profile of patients with tuberculum sellae meningioma and explored its relationship with scoring systems. This retrospective observational study included patients with TSM who underwent surgery at the Department of Neurosurgery at our hospital between 2017 and 2022. The patients were excluded if their data required completion. The clinical profiles of the patients were counted and transformed into a scoring system using several variables such as size, vascular, and canal invasion. We then analyzed the relationship between the clinical signs and symptoms to determine the efficacy of this scoring system. Thirty-six patients were included in the study. Most of our patients had a high score for tumor diameter, bilateral canal invasion, and vascular invasion (2-2-2). Moreover, when related to clinical signs, there was no relationship between the canal and vascular invasion and decreased visual acuity. Tuberculum sellae meningioma mostly causes visual impairment and several other symptoms, such as hemianopsia and parasellar extension. Several factors in the scoring system should also be considered to predict outcomes, such as the onset of visual symptoms, peritumoral edema, and grade of excision.
Role of Phosphodiesterase 1 in the Regulation of Real-Time cGMP Levels and Contractility in Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Bork Nadja I. , Subramanian Hariharan , Kurelic Roberta , Nikolaev Viacheslav O. , Rybalkin Sergei D.
Published: December 2023

In mouse cardiomyocytes, the expression of two subfamilies of the calcium/calmodulin-regulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1)—PDE1A and PDE1C—has been reported. PDE1C was found to be the major subfamily in the human heart. It is a dual substrate PDE and can hydrolyze both 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Previously, it has been reported that the PDE1 inhibitor ITI-214 shows positive inotropic effects in heart failure patients which were largely attributed to the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling. However, the role of PDE1 in the regulation of cardiac cGMP has not been directly addressed. Here, we studied the effect of PDE1 inhibition on cGMP levels in adult mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes using a highly sensitive fluorescent biosensor based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Live-cell imaging in paced and resting cardiomyocytes showed an increase in cGMP after PDE1 inhibition with ITI-214. Furthermore, PDE1 inhibition and PDE1A knockdown amplified the cGMP-FRET responses to the nitric oxide (NO)-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) but not to the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), indicating a specific role of PDE1 in the regulation of the NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC)-regulated cGMP microdomain. ITI-214, in combination with CNP or SNP, showed a positive lusitropic effect, improving the relaxation of isolated myocytes. Immunoblot analysis revealed increased phospholamban (PLN) phosphorylation at Ser-16 in cells treated with a combination of SNP and PDE1 inhibitor but not with SNP alone. Our findings reveal a previously unreported role of PDE1 in the regulation of the NO-GC/cGMP microdomain and mouse ventricular myocyte contractility. Since PDE1 serves as a cGMP degrading PDE in cardiomyocytes and has the highest hydrolytic activities, it can be expected that PDE1 inhibition might be beneficial in combination with cGMP-elevating drugs for the treatment of cardiac diseases.
Diverse Transcriptome Responses to Salinity Change in Atlantic Cod Subpopulations
Authors: Małachowicz Magdalena , Krasnov Aleksei , Wenne Roman
Published: December 2023

Adaptation to environmental variation caused by global climate change is a significant aspect of fisheries management and ecology. A reduction in ocean salinity is visible in near-shore areas, especially in the Baltic Sea, where it is affecting the Atlantic cod population. Cod is one of the most significant teleost species, with high ecological and economical value worldwide. The population of cod in the Baltic Sea has been traditionally divided into two subpopulations (western and eastern) existing in higher- and lower-salinity waters, respectively. In recent decades, both Baltic cod subpopulations have declined massively. One of the reasons for the poor condition of cod in the Baltic Sea is environmental factors, including salinity. Thus, in this study, an oligonucleotide microarray was applied to explore differences between Baltic cod subpopulations in response to salinity fluctuations. For this purpose, an exposure experiment was conducted consisting of salinity elevation and reduction, and gene expression was measured in gill tissue. We found 400 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the immune response, metabolism, programmed cell death, cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix that showed a subpopulation-dependent pattern. These findings indicate that osmoregulation in Baltic cod is a complex process, and that western and eastern Baltic cod subpopulations respond differently to salinity changes.
Disinfection Efficacy of Laser Activation on Different Forms and Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite Root Canal Irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis in Primary Teeth
Authors: Yavagal Chandrashekar Murugesh , Subramani Srinivas K. , Patil Viplavi Chavan , Yavagal Puja C. , Talwar Ramachandra P. , Hebbal Mamata Iranna , Saadaldin Selma A. , Eldwakhly Elzahraa , Abdelhafeez Manal M. , Soliman Mai
Published: December 2023

Photoactivated disinfection with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has improved primary root canal treatment outcomes. This in vitro study aims to assess and compare the disinfecting efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel, without laser activation and accompanied by laser activation, on Enterococcus faecalis-contaminated primary teeth root canals. After one month of incubating extracted teeth specimens with E. faecalis, 36 specimens were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (conventional method without laser-activated irrigation) and Group B (with laser-activated irrigation). Each group was further divided into three subgroups, with six samples in each subgroup. Subgroup 1 received irrigation with normal saline, Subgroup 2 with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution, and Subgroup 3 with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel. Diode laser activation at 810 nm was used in Group B. Bacterial colony counts were measured before and after the intervention. Student’s t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Microbial analysis revealed no bacterial growth in samples irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel activated with the laser. Activation with the laser significantly (p = 0.02) improved the disinfection ability of the irrigant compared to the non-activation group. The disinfection ability of sodium hypochlorite gel was better than that of saline (p = 0.02); however, it was comparable to that of sodium hypochlorite solution (p = 0.67). Conclusion: Root canal irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite gel activated with an 810 nm diode laser resulted in complete eradication of Enterococcus faecalis, indicating its effectiveness as an endodontic disinfection treatment modality.
Water-Soluble Biomass Resist Materials Based on Polyglucuronic Acid for Eco-Friendly Photolithography
Authors: Miura Sayaka , Hachikubo Yuna , Yamagishi Rio , Ando Mano , Takei Satoshi
Published: December 2023

This study presents the development of photolithography employing biomass-based resist materials derived from polyglucuronic acid. Traditional resist materials require coating and developing procedures involving organic solvents, whereas our approach enables the use of water-based spin-coating and developing processes. The water-soluble biomass resist material, derived from polyglucuronic acid, exhibited exceptional photosensitivity at an exposure wavelength of 365 nm and a dose of approximately 90 mJ/cm2. We successfully patterned the microstructures, creating 3 µm lines and 6 µm holes. This organic solvent-free coating process underscores its applicability in scenarios such as in the microfabrication on plastic substrates with limited organic solvent tolerance and surface-patterning biomaterials containing cells and culture components.