bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homomorphic Filtering for Improving Time Synchronization in Wireless Networks
Authors: Castillo-Secilla José , Palomares José , León Fernando , Olivares Joaquín
Published: April 2017

Wireless sensor networks are used to sample the environment in a distributed way. Therefore, it is mandatory for all of the measurements to be tightly synchronized in order to guarantee that every sensor is sampling the environment at the exact same instant of time. The synchronization drift gets bigger in environments suffering from temperature variations. Thus, this work is focused on improving time synchronization under deployments with temperature variations. The working hypothesis demonstrated in this work is that the clock skew of two nodes (the ratio of the real frequencies of the oscillators) is composed of a multiplicative combination of two main components: the clock skew due to the variations between the cut of the crystal of each oscillator and the clock skew due to the different temperatures affecting the nodes. By applying a nonlinear filtering, the homomorphic filtering, both components are separated in an effective way. A correction factor based on temperature, which can be applied to any synchronization protocol, is proposed. For testing it, an improvement of the FTSP synchronization protocol has been developed and physically tested under temperature variation scenarios using TelosB motes flashed with the IEEE 802.15.4 implementation supplied by TinyOS.
Rapid Texture Optimization of Three-Dimensional Urban Model Based on Oblique Images
Authors: Zhang Weilong , Li Ming , Guo Bingxuan , Li Deren , Guo Ge
Published: April 2017

Seamless texture mapping is one of the key technologies for photorealistic 3D texture reconstruction. In this paper, a method of rapid texture optimization of 3D urban reconstruction based on oblique images is proposed aiming at the existence of texture fragments, seams, and inconsistency of color in urban 3D texture mapping based on low-altitude oblique images. First, we explore implementing radiation correction on the experimental images with a radiation procession algorithm. Then, an efficient occlusion detection algorithm based on OpenGL is proposed according to the mapping relation between the terrain triangular mesh surface and the images to implement the occlusion detection of the visible texture on the triangular facets as well as create a list of visible images. Finally, a texture clustering algorithm is put forward based on Markov Random Field utilizing the inherent attributes of the images and solve the energy function minimization by Graph-Cuts. The experimental results display that the method is capable of decreasing the existence of texture fragments, seams, and inconsistency of color in the 3D texture model reconstruction.
Influence of Wind Speed on RGB-D Images in Tree Plantations
Authors: Andújar Dionisio , Dorado José , Bengochea-Guevara José , Conesa-Muñoz Jesús , Fernández-Quintanilla César , Ribeiro Ángela
Published: April 2017

Weather conditions can affect sensors’ readings when sampling outdoors. Although sensors are usually set up covering a wide range of conditions, their operational range must be established. In recent years, depth cameras have been shown as a promising tool for plant phenotyping and other related uses. However, the use of these devices is still challenged by prevailing field conditions. Although the influence of lighting conditions on the performance of these cameras has already been established, the effect of wind is still unknown. This study establishes the associated errors when modeling some tree characteristics at different wind speeds. A system using a Kinect v2 sensor and a custom software was tested from null wind speed up to 10 m·s−1. Two tree species with contrasting architecture, poplars and plums, were used as model plants. The results showed different responses depending on tree species and wind speed. Estimations of Leaf Area (LA) and tree volume were generally more consistent at high wind speeds in plum trees. Poplars were particularly affected by wind speeds higher than 5 m·s−1. On the contrary, height measurements were more consistent for poplars than for plum trees. These results show that the use of depth cameras for tree characterization must take into consideration wind conditions in the field. In general, 5 m·s−1 (18 km·h−1) could be established as a conservative limit for good estimations.
Autonomous Multi-Robot Search for a Hazardous Source in a Turbulent Environment
Authors: Ristic Branko , Angley Daniel , Moran Bill , Palmer Jennifer
Published: April 2017

Finding the source of an accidental or deliberate release of a toxic substance into the atmosphere is of great importance for national security. The paper presents a search algorithm for turbulent environments which falls into the class of cognitive (infotaxi) algorithms. Bayesian estimation of the source parameter vector is carried out using the Rao–Blackwell dimension-reduction method, while the robots are controlled autonomously to move in a scalable formation. Estimation and control are carried out in a centralised replicated fusion architecture assuming all-to-all communication. The paper presents a comprehensive numerical analysis of the proposed algorithm, including the search-time and displacement statistics.
Image-Guided Laparoscopic Surgical Tool (IGLaST) Based on the Optical Frequency Domain Imaging (OFDI) to Prevent Bleeding
Authors: Park Byung , Lee Seung , Bang Hyun , Kim Byung , Park Jeong , Kim Dong , Park Sung , Won Young
Published: April 2017

We present an image-guided laparoscopic surgical tool (IGLaST) to prevent bleeding. By applying optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) to a specially designed laparoscopic surgical tool, the inside of fatty tissue can be observed before a resection, and the presence and size of blood vessels can be recognized. The optical sensing module on the IGLaST head has a diameter of less than 390 µm and is moved back and forth by a linear servo actuator in the IGLaST body. We proved the feasibility of IGLaST by in vivo imaging inside the fatty tissue of a porcine model. A blood vessel with a diameter of about 2.2 mm was clearly observed. Our proposed scheme can contribute to safe surgery without bleeding by monitoring vessels inside the tissue and can be further expanded to detect invisible nerves of the laparoscopic thyroid during prostate gland surgery.
Zero-Sum Matrix Game with Payoffs of Dempster-Shafer Belief Structures and Its Applications on Sensors
Authors: Deng Xinyang , Jiang Wen , Zhang Jiandong
Published: April 2017

The zero-sum matrix game is one of the most classic game models, and it is widely used in many scientific and engineering fields. In the real world, due to the complexity of the decision-making environment, sometimes the payoffs received by players may be inexact or uncertain, which requires that the model of matrix games has the ability to represent and deal with imprecise payoffs. To meet such a requirement, this paper develops a zero-sum matrix game model with Dempster–Shafer belief structure payoffs, which effectively represents the ambiguity involved in payoffs of a game. Then, a decomposition method is proposed to calculate the value of such a game, which is also expressed with belief structures. Moreover, for the possible computation-intensive issue in the proposed decomposition method, as an alternative solution, a Monte Carlo simulation approach is presented, as well. Finally, the proposed zero-sum matrix games with payoffs of Dempster–Shafer belief structures is illustratively applied to the sensor selection and intrusion detection of sensor networks, which shows its effectiveness and application process.
Looking Backward While Gazing Ahead: An Historian of Aging Reflects on Time’s Borders
Authors: Achenbaum W.
Published: April 2017

Looking backward for a usable past has long been an instructive way to gaze into the vagaries of an uncertain future. I learned the merits of this approach training to be an historian. And as an historian interested in gerontology, I grew to appreciate the value of studying continuities and changes in human development set into motion before late life. This essay begins in the present with my imminent retirement. It then looks retrospectively at my academic career with the hope that emerging scholars can profit from the journey.
Green Supplier Evaluation and Selection in Apparel Manufacturing Using a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach
Authors: Guo Zhaoxia , Liu Haitao , Zhang Dongqing , Yang Jing
Published: April 2017

With the increasing environmental awareness, apparel manufacturers have begun to consider environmental issues in supplier evaluation and selection. It is crucial to assess suppliers based on their environmental performance along with other criteria for supplier selection. This paper addresses the green supplier evaluation and selection problem in global apparel manufacturing by developing a methodological framework for green supplier evaluation and selection based on the triple bottom line principle and a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model. First, a green supplier evaluation criteria hierarchy based on the triple bottom line principle is established based on comprehensive literature review, on-site investigation and policy analysis. Then, a fuzzy MCDM model is presented to evaluate and select the best material supplier. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Results show that the proposed framework can handle green supplier evaluation and selection in apparel manufacturing effectively.
Social Sustainability in an Ageing Chinese Society: Towards an Integrative Conceptual Framework
Authors: Liu Yafei , Dijst Martin , Geertman Stan , Cui Can
Published: April 2017

Social sustainability is a relatively underexposed dimension of the sustainability debate. Diversified and discipline-specific study perspectives and the lack of contextualization make it difficult to gain a comprehensive understanding of social sustainability in non-Western societies. In examining the problems facing a rapidly ageing Chinese society, this paper aims to construct an integrative conceptual framework of social sustainability, taking into account the Chinese contextual interpretations and elderly population in particular. This paper proposes an integrative conceptual framework composed of two key contextualized components: well-being and social justice. Well-being, according to Lindenberg, is the ultimate goal of life and is achieved by relevant themes organized in a hierarchical system. Social justice relating to the equal distribution of resources, opportunities, and rights is also significant for the achievement of well-being. Interpretations of social sustainability are explored within Chinese socio-cultural (Confucianism, collectivism), institutional (welfare regime, hukou system), and demographic (population ageing) contexts.
Sustainable Management of Plant Quarantine Pests: The Case of Olive Quick Decline Syndrome
Authors: Luvisi Andrea , Nicolì Francesca , De Bellis Luigi
Published: April 2017

The disease outbreak of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca strain CoDiRO (Complesso del Disseccamento Rapido dell’Olivo) in Salento (Apulia, South Italy) associated with severe cases of olive quick decline syndrome may represent not just a new disease paradigm, but a challenge for policy formulation and science communication in plant pathology. Plant health management can be achieved by applying a technocratic model, in which objective science is thought to directly inform policy-making, or via decisionistic or inclusive models, in which scientific considerations drive risk assessment. Each could be applied to X. fastidiosa and CoDiRO strain management, thanks to consistent literature related to pathogen/host interactions, hosts, vectors, and diagnostic tools, reviewed here. However, consensus among stakeholders seems to be necessary in order to avoid plant health management failures or gridlocks, due to environmental, economic, and social implications in the X. fastidiosa threat. Here we discuss the role of consensus in building scientific opinion, reporting different approaches of governance after severe disease outbreaks in Europe. These case studies, and the available risk analysis for Xylella strains, should drive policy formulations towards more cooperative networks.
Resilience and Livelihoods in Supply Chains (RELISC): An Analytical Framework for the Development and Resilience of the UK Wood Fuel Sector
Authors: Emmanuel-Yusuf Damiete , Morse Stephen , Leach Matthew
Published: April 2017

Bioenergy is an important renewable energy source in the UK, but the bioenergy industry and in particular the wood fuel sub sector, is relatively under-developed. Socioeconomic factors have been identified as critical for facilitating deployment levels and sustainable development. However, previous studies have mostly assessed these factors using quantitative methods and models, which are limited in assessing pertinent contextual factors such as institutional/regulatory governance, supply chain structure and governance, capital resource availability as well as actor decisions. As a step further, this research engages with these under-explored aspects of the system by developing a new analytical framework: the Resilience and Livelihoods in Supply Chains (RELISC) framework, which was designed by linking Value Chain Analysis, the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and a supply chain resilience framework. Its application to a UK wood fuel supply chain produced useful insights. For example, the structure of the chain revealed a high level of dependency on a particular end user and contractor. Key institutional governance was critical in sustaining natural resources and providing access to finance. Internal supply chain governance was limited in ensuring the sustainability of resources and lack of actor awareness and interest were also limiting factors. In addition, five capital analyses revealed gaps in skills, networking and physical infrastructure. Finally, the design of the novel RELISC framework enables it to engage with diverse aspects of the system holistically and its application generated practical recommendations and strategies for supply chain resilience and sector growth, which are useful and applicable to other emerging sectors.
A Transportable Photovoltaic Power Generation System Utilizing a SiC Inverter and Spherical Si Solar Cells
Authors: Ando Yuji , Oku Takeo , Yasuda Masashi , Ushijima Kazufumi , Murozono Mikio
Published: April 2017

This paper reports a 100-W class transportable photovoltaic (PV) power generation system built with SiC power devices. Conventionally, studies on SiC power converters have mostly focused on multi-kW applications. In this paper, we have verified the feasibility of the SiC power devices for sub-kW PV power generation systems. The developed PV power generation system consisted of a spherical Si solar cell module, a 150-W SiC PV-inverter unit with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function, and a 12-V Li-ion battery. The total weight of the system was just 4.3 kg. Conversion efficiencies of the MPPT charge controller and the direct current-alternating current converter reached 98.0% and 88.4%, respectively. The developed system exhibited stable output power characteristics, even when the weather conditions were fluctuated. These compactness, high efficiencies, and excellent stability clearly indicated the feasibility of SiC power devices even for sub-kW class PV power generation systems. This kind of system would be available for the applications where compactness and transportability are of tremendous importance.
A Simple and Specific Noncompetitive ELISA Method for HT-2 Toxin Detection
Authors: Arola Henri , Tullila Antti , Nathanail Alexis , Nevanen Tarja
Published: April 2017

We developed an HT-2 toxin-specific simple ELISA format with a positive read-out. The assay is based on an anti-immune complex (IC) scFv antibody fragment, which is genetically fused with alkaline phosphatase (AP). The anti-IC antibody specifically recognizes the IC between a primary anti-HT-2 toxin Fab fragment and an HT-2 toxin molecule. In the IC ELISA format, the sample is added together with the scFv-AP antibody to the ELISA plate coated with the primary antibody. After 15 min of incubation and a washing step, the ELISA response is read. A competitive ELISA including only the primary antibody recognizes both HT-2 and T-2 toxins. The anti-IC antibody makes the assay specific for HT-2 toxin, and the IC ELISA is over 10 times more sensitive compared to the competitive assay. Three different naturally contaminated matrices: wheat, barley and oats, were used to evaluate the assay performance with real samples. The corresponding limits of detection were 0.3 ng/mL (13 µg/kg), 0.1 ng/mL (4 µg/kg) and 0.3 ng/mL (16 µg/kg), respectively. The IC ELISA can be used for screening HT-2 toxin specifically and in relevant concentration ranges from all three tested grain matrices.
Seasonal Dynamics of Haptophytes and dsDNA Algal Viruses Suggest Complex Virus-Host Relationship
Authors: Johannessen Torill , Larsen Aud , Bratbak Gunnar , Pagarete António , Edvardsen Bente , Egge Elianne , Sandaa Ruth-Anne
Published: April 2017

Viruses influence the ecology and diversity of phytoplankton in the ocean. Most studies of phytoplankton host–virus interactions have focused on bloom-forming species like Emiliania huxleyi or Phaeocystis spp. The role of viruses infecting phytoplankton that do not form conspicuous blooms have received less attention. Here we explore the dynamics of phytoplankton and algal viruses over several sequential seasons, with a focus on the ubiquitous and diverse phytoplankton division Haptophyta, and their double-stranded DNA viruses, potentially with the capacity to infect the haptophytes. Viral and phytoplankton abundance and diversity showed recurrent seasonal changes, mainly explained by hydrographic conditions. By 454 tag-sequencing we revealed 93 unique haptophyte operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with seasonal changes in abundance. Sixty-one unique viral OTUs, representing Megaviridae and Phycodnaviridae, showed only distant relationship with currently isolated algal viruses. Haptophyte and virus community composition and diversity varied substantially throughout the year, but in an uncoordinated manner. A minority of the viral OTUs were highly abundant at specific time-points, indicating a boom-bust relationship with their host. Most of the viral OTUs were very persistent, which may represent viruses that coexist with their hosts, or able to exploit several host species.
“French Phage Network”—Second Meeting Report
Authors: Torres-Barceló Clara , Kaltz Oliver , Froissart Rémy , Gandon Sylvain , Ginet Nicolas , Ansaldi Mireille
Published: April 2017

The study of bacteriophages (viruses of bacteria) includes a variety of approaches, such as structural biology, genetics, ecology, and evolution, with increasingly important implications for therapeutic and industrial uses. Researchers working with phages in France have recently established a network to facilitate the exchange on complementary approaches, but also to engage new collaborations. Here, we provide a summary of the topics presented during the second meeting of the French Phage Network that took place in Marseille in November 2016
Unsteady State Water Level Analysis for Discharge Hydrograph Estimation in Rivers with Torrential Regime: The Case Study of the February 2016 Flood Event in the Crati River, South Italy
Authors: Spada Eleonora , Sinagra Marco , Tucciarelli Tullio , Biondi Daniela
Published: April 2017

Discharge hydrograph estimation during floods, in rivers with torrential regime, is often based on the use of rating curves extrapolated from very low stage–discharge measurements. To get a more reliable estimation, a reverse flow routing problem is solved using water level data measured in two gauged stations several kilometers from each other. Validation of the previous analysis carried out on the flood event of February 2016 at the Europa Bridge and Castiglione Scalo sections of the Crati River (Cosenza, Italy) is based on the use of ‘soft’ discharge measurement data and the comparison of the water level data computed in the downstream gauged section by three different hydraulic models with the ‘hard’ available water level measures. Results confirm that the 1D diffusive model provides more reliable results than the 1D complete one and no significant improvement is gained by the use of a more computationally demanding 2D model.
Evaluation of the Water Cycle in the European COSMO-REA6 Reanalysis Using GRACE
Authors: Springer Anne , Eicker Annette , Bettge Anika , Kusche Jürgen , Hense Andreas
Published: April 2017

Precipitation and evapotranspiration, and in particular the precipitation minus evapotranspiration deficit ( P − E ), are climate variables that may be better represented in reanalyses based on numerical weather prediction (NWP) models than in other datasets. P − E provides essential information on the interaction of the atmosphere with the land surface, which is of fundamental importance for understanding climate change in response to anthropogenic impacts. However, the skill of models in closing the atmospheric-terrestrial water budget is limited. Here, total water storage estimates from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission are used in combination with discharge data for assessing the closure of the water budget in the recent high-resolution Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling 6-km Reanalysis (COSMO-REA6) while comparing to global reanalyses (Interim ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA-Interim), Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2)) and observation-based datasets (Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM)). All 26 major European river basins are included in this study and aggregated to 17 catchments. Discharge data are obtained from the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC), and insufficiently long time series are extended by calibrating the monthly Génie Rural rainfall-runoff model (GR2M) against the existing discharge observations, subsequently generating consistent model discharge time series for the GRACE period. We find that for most catchments, COSMO-REA6 closes the water budget within the error estimates. In contrast, the global reanalyses underestimate P − E with up to 20 mm/month. For all models and catchments, short-term (below the seasonal timescale) variability of atmospheric terrestrial flux agrees well with GRACE and discharge data with correlations of about 0.6. Our large study area allows identifying regional patterns like negative trends of P − E in eastern Europe and positive trends in northwestern Europe.
Assessment of Social Vulnerability to Flood in Urban Côte d’Ivoire Using the MOVE Framework
Authors: Kablan Malan Ketcha Armand , Dongo Kouassi , Coulibaly Mamadou
Published: April 2017

Coupled with poor urban development, the increasing urban population of many Sub-Saharan African countries is subject to recurrent severe flooding episodes. In response to these flood events, while the focus is often put on slums and precarious urban settings, the social implications of these floods affect a variety of social classes. Presenting a case study of Cocody, a district of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, known to have the country’s highest number of flood-impacted people, this paper evaluates the social vulnerability of urban Côte d’Ivoire to flooding using the MOVE framework. The MOVE framework (Method for the Improvement of Vulnerability Assessment in Europe) has successfully been used in European contexts to assess social vulnerability of urban areas to geo-environmental disasters such floods. It helped assess the major factors involved in the social vulnerability to urban flooding and to have a good appreciation of the spatial distribution of areas that are vulnerable to urban flood. By taking this framework to the local context, relevant indicators were developed and GIS applications were used to assess spatially the relative social vulnerability of Cocody sub-districts to urban flooding. The results revealed that many sub-districts of Cocody are highly vulnerable to urban floods. Exposure and susceptibility are components that are found to have high influence on vulnerability to flood hazard in the district of Cocody. Their respective indicators need to be addressed properly in order to increase residents’ resilience to urban flooding. The MOVE theoretical framework can be applied in Africa by contextualizing the vulnerability by using local indicators.
The Inhibitory Effects of HYDAMTIQ, a Novel PARP Inhibitor, on Growth in Human Tumor Cell Lines With Defective DNA Damage Response Pathways
Authors: Mini Enrico , Landini Ida , Lucarini Laura , Lapucci Andrea , Napoli Cristina , Perrone Gabriele , Tassi Renato , Masini Emanuela , Moroni Flavio , Nobili Stefania
Published: April 2017

The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes play a key role in the regulation of cellular processes (e.g., DNA damage repair, genomic stability). It has been shown that PARP inhibitors (PARPIs) are selectively cytotoxic against cells having dysfunctions in genes involved in DNA repair
mechanisms (synthetic lethality). Drug-induced PARP inhibition potentiates the activity of anticancer drugs such as 5-fluorouracil in enhancing DNA damage, whose repair involves PARP-1 activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of a novel PARPI, HYDAMTIQ, on growth
in human tumor cell lines characterized by different features with regard to DNA damage response pathways (BRCA mutational status, microsatellite status, and ATM expression level) and degree of sensitivity/resistance to 5-fluorouracil. HYDAMTIQ showed a more potent inhibitory effect
on cell growth in a BRCA2 mutant cell line (CAPAN-1) compared with wild-type cells (C2-6, C2-12, and C2-14 CAPAN-1 clones, and MCF-7). No statistically significant difference was observed after HYDAMTIQ exposure between cells having a different MS status or a different MRE11 mutational
status. HYDAMTIQ induced greater antiproliferative effects in SW620 cells expressing a low level of ATM than in H630 cells expressing a high level of ATM. Finally, the combination of HYDAMTIQ and 5-fluorouracil exerted a synergistic effect on the inhibition of SW620 cell growth and an antagonistic
effect on that of H630 cell growth. Our results show that the novel PARP inhibitor HYDAMTIQ potently inhibits the growth of human tumor cells with defective DNA damage response pathways and exerts synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with 5-fluorouracil. These data provide relevant examples
of synthetic lethality and evidence for further development of this novel PARPI.
Bio-inspired micro-to-nanoporous polymers with tunable stiffness
Authors: Syurik Julia , Schwaiger Ruth , Sudera Prerna , Weyand Stephan , Johnsen Siegbert , Wiegand Gabriele , Hölscher Hendrik
Published: April 2017

Background:Inspired by structural hierarchies and the related excellent mechanical properties of biological materials, we created a smoothly graded micro- to nanoporous structure from a thermoplastic polymer.

Results:The viscoelastic properties for the different pore sizes were investigated in the glassy regime by dynamic flat-punch indentation. Interestingly, the storage modulus was observed to increase with increasing pore-area fraction.

Conclusion:This outcome appears counterintuitive at first sight, but can be rationalized by an increase of the pore wall thickness as determined by our quantitative analysis of the pore structure. Therefore, our approach represents a non-chemical way to tune the elastic properties and their local variation for a broad range of polymers by adjusting the pore size gradient.
Synthesis of ribavirin 2’-Me-C-nucleoside analogues
Authors: Cosson Fanny , Faroux Aline , Baltaze Jean-Pierre , Farjon Jonathan , Guillot Régis , Uziel Jacques , Lubin-Germain Nadège
Published: April 2017

An efficient synthetic pathway leading to two carbonated analogues of ribavirin is described. The key-steps in the synthesis of these ribosyltriazoles bearing a quaternary carbon atom in the 2’-position are an indium-mediated alkynylation and a 1,3-dipolar cyclization.
Measuring cash flow and overdraft for fuzzy project networks with overlapping activities
Authors: YU Min-Chun , YEH Hui-Chung , DANG Van-Loi
Published: April 2017

Overlapping activities with imprecise durations to accelerate schedules has an impact on scheduling a con­struction project. The project may need to be rescheduled to suit the available overdraft limitation rather than to adopt the least total cost schedule. However, past research has seldom conducted a risk analysis on the project cash flow and overdraft requirements for projects with overlapping activities in a fuzzy environment. This research uses fuzzy DSM-based scheduling and proposes an algorithm to calculate the cash flow and overdraft at different risk levels. A numerical example is illustrated to demonstrate the algorithm’s effectiveness.
A quick approach for rheological evaluation of warm asphalt binders using response surface method
Authors: HAMZAH Meor Othman , GOLCHIN Babak , WOODWARD David
Published: April 2017

This paper describes a quick approach for quantification of the effects of a chemical warm named Rediset, and its interactions with temperature and aging on the rheological properties of asphalt binders using Response Sur-face Method. The central composite method was applied to design experimental programs for three test temperature conditions, namely; very high temperature (120–180 °C), high temperature (46–82 °C), and intermediate temperature (19–31 °C). Rotational viscosity, G*/sin δ and G*sin δ were selected as parameters to assess the effects of the chemical warm additive on the rheological properties of asphalt binders for different aging conditions. Evaluation of the effects of this additive on the transformed value of G*/sin δ at high temperatures indicates that additive content has significant effect on Ln(G*/sin δ). The results for intermediate temperatures show that this additive has a positive effect on G*sin δ of asphalt binders.
Normalization and variant assessment methods in selection of road alignment variants – case study
Authors: GARDZIEJCZYK Wladyslaw , ZABICKI Piotr
Published: April 2017

The choice of the most beneficial road alignment variant is a multicriteria issue, based on transport, economic, social and environmental criteria. The criteria chosen for a multicriteria analysis can be expressed through measurable or immeasurable parameters. In order to compare and assess the variants it is necessary to normalize the criteria, which means a rescaling of their value, so that the criteria values fall into a specific range. The main aim of normalization is to assign an identical weight to each criterion in relation to other criteria. This article presents a review of the influence of criteria normalization methods and the variant assessment methods on the choice of the most beneficial road alignment variant on the example of the bypass of the town of Księżyno, which is a stretch of Regional Road 678 near Bialystok. Four variants of road alignment were compared and their ranking was created using six assessment methods. It was proven that the choices of the criteria normalization method as well as the variant assessment method both have signifi­cant influence on the result of the multicriteria analysis in the decision-making process of selecting the road alignment.
Hybrid SWARA-COPRAS method for risk assessment in deep foundation excavation project: an iranian case study
Authors: VALIPOUR Alireza , YAHAYA Nordin , MD NOOR Norhazilan , ANTUCHEVIČIENĖ Jurgita , TAMOŠAITIENĖ Jolanta
Published: April 2017

Existing risks in deep foundation excavation projects is a major issue in developing cities. With the rapid in-crease in the number of various deep foundation and excavation projects in big cities of Iran, many accidents related to deep excavation have been reported every year. These accidents affected delay and increased cost of project implemen-tation. Therefore identification and assessment of risks of these accidents is essential. The aim of the research was to develop a framework to overcome limitations of previous approaches to assess of risks in excavation projects. According to the complexity of a problem and the inherent uncertainty, the framework adopted SWARA (Step-wise Weight As-sessment Ratio Analysis) and COPRAS (COmplex PRoportional ASsessment) methods through introducing new criteria for risk assessment. Data was collected through interview, a literature review and a questionnaire survey distributed to excavation project experts. A case study of deep foundation excavation in Shiraz was presented. The results have shown that the risks involving construction safety, unfavourable geological conditions, shortage of managerial experience, in-complete emergency plan and subsidence of ground are the most significant risks excavation projects in Shiraz. The proposed framework and the obtained results can help stakeholders of excavation projects in developing countries better to manage project risks.
LOCATION CHOICE OF SPANISH MULTINATIONAL FIRMS IN DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION ECONOMIES
Authors: MARTÍ Josep , ALGUACIL Maite , ORTS Vicente
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we use firm-level data to investigate how different host country characteristics affect the decision of Spanish multinational firms to locate in developing and transition countries, and whether these determinants change when looking at manufacturing or services firms. As a methodological novelty, we estimate both standard conditional logit models as well as other discrete choice models that allow us to account for the possibility that firms perceive some alternative destinations as being more similar (nested and mixed logit models). A better understanding of the relevance of local factors that determine the competitiveness of these economies in providing multinational firms with location advantages can guide policymakers in their attempt to attract foreign capital flows. This, however, has not been previously addressed by the empirical literature at a firm level and across sectors. Our results suggest that Spanish investments in developing and transition economies are mainly driven by market-seeking factors. They also confirm the relevance of the business and financial climate in the location decision of multinational firms. Finally, the estimations reveal differences between manufacturing and services foreign direct investments in several local factors, such as the agglomeration effects, skilled labour and financial risk.
Detection of the Stellar Intracluster Medium in Perseus (Abell 426)
Authors: Harris William E. , Mulholland Courtney J.
Published: April 2017

Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry from the ACS/WFC and WFPC2 cameras is used to detect and measure globular clusters (GCs) in the central region of the rich Perseus cluster of galaxies. A detectable population of Intragalactic GCs is found extending out to at least 500 kpc from the cluster center. These objects display luminosity and color (metallicity) distributions that are entirely normal for GC populations. Extrapolating from the limited spatial coverage of the HST fields, we estimate very roughly that the entire Perseus cluster should contain ∼50,000 or more Intragalactic GCs, but a targetted wide-field survey will be needed for a more definitive answer. Separate brief results are presented for the rich GC systems in NGC 1272 and NGC 1275, the two largest Perseus ellipticals. For NGC 1272, we find a specific frequency of 

, while for the central giant NGC 1275, we find

. In both of these giant galaxies, the GC colors are well matched by bimodal distributions, with the majority in the blue (metal-poor) component. This preliminary study suggests that Perseus is a prime target for a more comprehensive deep imaging survey of Intragalactic GCs.
Gouvernance internationalisée en situation de guerre civile : l’accaparement foncier en Afghanistan (2001-2015)
Authors: Baczko Adam
Published: April 2017

Loin d’être le résultat d’une supposée culture ou d’une relation particulière à l’État, la prédation économique en Afghanistan découle de l’insertion des réseaux d’entrepreneurs politico-militaires dans une gouvernance internationalisée conjointement produite par les acteurs de l’intervention occidentale et le régime de Hamid Karzai. Ces entrepreneurs profitent d’une logique situationnelle inflationniste et spéculative autour du foncier, qui s’inscrit dans un processus plus long de désenchâssement des ressources foncières engagé dans les années 1960 et 1970 et que la guerre civile a accéléré à partir de 1979. Le régime de Karzai et ses soutiens étrangers sont au cœur de cette nouvelle économie politique qui, en l’absence de régulation, permet à un petit nombre de s’accaparer les revenus de l’aide et de la terre. Ainsi ces entrepreneurs peuvent-ils s’enrichir hors de tout circuit de réciprocité, en redistribuant à leur clientèle une portion congrue de la manne qu’ils placent à l’étranger. Cette gouvernance internationalisée s’inscrit en rupture avec l’histoire de l’État afghan qui, depuis la fin du XIX e siècle, s’est imposé en régulant la redistribution de la terre.
Réforme agraire et reconfiguration du régime de gouvernementalité dans Les Tuxtlas, Mexique, 1920-1945
Authors: Léonard Éric
Published: April 2017

Quelles sont les différentes formes de mobilisation de la question foncière dans les processus de construction de l’État et du régime de gouvernementalité rurale au Mexique ? La réforme agraire de 1917 a été considérée comme un facteur déterminant dans la reconfiguration des rapports entre l’État et les instances locales de gouvernement. Sa mise en œuvre a en effet opposé deux conceptions du pouvoir étatique, de la citoyenneté, de la propriété et du marché : l’une centrée sur l’autonomie des dispositifs locaux de gouvernance foncière et politique ; l’autre fondée sur la centralisation et la verticalité des liens entre l’État et les communautés rurales, à travers le rôle structurant des bureaucraties étatiques et syndicales dans l’allocation et la régulation des droits fonciers. À partir de 1935, les distributions de terre ont servi de levier à la mise en place de coalitions entre des agents de l’État central et des secteurs subalternes des sociétés villageoises qui cherchaient à s’émanciper des structures de pouvoir traditionnelles, via l’activation de processus multiples de frontière interne qui ont conduit à reconfigurer les structures politico-territoriales et institutionnelles du Mexique rural.
La construction de l’État français en Guyane à l’épreuve de la mobilité des peuples amérindiens
Authors: Filoche Geoffroy , Davy Damien , Guignier Armelle , Armanville Françoise
Published: April 2017

La mobilité des Amérindiens de Guyane, caractéristique fondamentale de leurs modes de vie traditionnels, est désormais une problématique indissociable de celle de l’obtention de droits sur les terres qu’ils occupent. Si elle permet à ces populations d’éviter les conflits intra et intercommunautaires, cette mobilité peut également en être à l’origine dès lors que l’espace et les ressources naturelles deviennent plus rares et que la nécessité est inscrite à l’agenda politique national d’arbitrer les usages de l’espace entre Amérindiens, populations non autochtones, élus locaux et services déconcentrés de l’État. Dans cette étude sont analysés les manières dont l’État français compose avec la mobilité des communautés autochtones ainsi que les effets des droits qui leur sont reconnus sur leurs logiques d’occupation de l’espace. Plus généralement, il s’agit de montrer que la gestion politique de la mobilité des Amérindiens est une question de plus en plus sensible à mesure que l’État étend son emprise et ses velléités d’organisation sur des espaces auparavant périphériques où une certaine marge de manœuvre était laissée aux communautés.
Un pédiatre nantais « découvreur » du syndrome d’alcoolisation fœtale : le D r Paul Lemoine (1917-2006)
Authors: Fillaut Thierry , Hontebeyrie Juliette , Douguet Florence
Published: April 2017

Paul Lemoine (1917-2006) est réputé avoir décrit en premier le syndrome d’alcoolisation fœtale dans L’Ouest médical en 1968. Pour autant, son parcours et sa découverte ne semblent pas aussi considérés en France qu’on pourrait s’y attendre. Cette rétrospection vise à situer cette découverte dans son contexte historique. La première partie situe l’auteur (biographie de Paul Lemoine) et son travail (article de L’Ouest médical sur « Les enfants de parents alcooliques », thèse de son externe J.-P. Borteyru sur ce même sujet). La seconde propose quelques pistes explicatives du manque d’intérêt porté à cette découverte et à son découvreur en France dans les années 1970 et 1980 (travaux portant à l’époque en France sur la descendance des alcooliques ; communication maladroite ; conditions ayant permis un changement de regard sur la question de l’alcoolisation fœtale).
L’alcoologie et les futurs médecins généralistes français
Authors: Djengué Aymeric , Pham Anne-Dominique , Kowalski Vincent , Burri Christophe
Published: April 2017

Contexte Cette étude avait pour objectif l’évaluation des connaissances, des pratiques et de la formation des internes français en fin de cursus de médecine générale en alcoologie. Méthodes Un questionnaire électronique a été envoyé aux internes inscrits en dernière année de médecine générale des différentes facultés ayant accepté de participer à l’étude ; diverses informations concernant la formation consacrée à l’addictologie selon les facultés ont été collectées auprès des enseignants référents, des responsables de scolarité, des syndicats des internes de médecine générale et des corporations des externes. Résultats 622 questionnaires ont été retournés, sur les 3 074 qui ont été diffusés. 77,5 % des internes inclus dans l’étude n’ont pas obtenu la moyenne au test d’évaluation des connaissances et des pratiques ; les résultats étaient améliorés lorsque les internes avaient reçu une formation complémentaire en addictologie et lorsque les facultés accordaient plus de poids à la formation en addictologie. Le nombre d’heures moyen consacrées à l’addictologie était, respectivement lors de l’externat et lors de l’internat, de 7,68 et de 6,07 heures. De même, il y avait en moyenne 10,63 et 3,21 postes ouverts en stage d’addictologie par an. Discussion Il conviendrait d’améliorer la formation consacrée à l’addictologie au cours des études de médecine en France.
Petit frère, petite sœur
Authors: Sallez Hélène
Published: April 2017

La plupart des anamnèses des patients en analyse concentrent l’attention sur les mouvements psychiques et affectifs autour de la relation à la mère, au père, et plus rarement aux frères et sœurs, sauf pour pointer les signes de souffrance, voire les vécus d’abandon, et tous les phénomènes nourrissant la survenue de la jalousie, vis-à-vis des puînés essentiellement ; un arbre qui cache la forêt.
Je viens d’avoir un petit frère (sœur) : est-ce si grave ?
Authors: Prieur Régine
Published: April 2017

Quelques remarques cliniques sur l’arrivée du nouveau ou de la nouvelle venue dans la famille.
Comment fonctionnent les relations fraternelles ?
Authors: Troupel Olivia
Published: April 2017

Les relations fraternelles ne sont jamais simples mais toujours uniques, spécifiques et très importantes dans le développement de l’individu. Elles vont influencer toute sa vie, la façon dont il va inter-agir avec les autres, ses relations avec son conjoint, sa manière d’être parent avec ses enfants… Afin de comprendre un peu mieux comment fonctionnent les relations fraternelles, notamment chez les jeunes enfants, nous avons fait le choix de développer quatre éléments importants : nous reviendrons ainsi sur l’ambivalence des sentiments, l’importance des variables structurelles, la qualité des relations fraternelles, et nous finirons par un angle d’étude actuel de la fratrie, à savoir la dynamique des relations entre les parents et la fratrie.
La fratrie face au handicap
Authors: Dayan Clémence , Scelles Régine
Published: April 2017

Les auteurs présentent une synthèse des connaissances actuelles sur le vécu des frères et sœurs d’enfants en situation de handicap, et montrent comment le handicap ou la maladie d’un enfant peut affecter la construction du lien fraternel. Ils évoquent ensuite un dispositif clinique destiné aux frères et sœurs, de plus en plus fréquemment mis en œuvre dans les institutions : les groupes fratries. Ils en donnent une illustration clinique en explicitant les fonctions et les processus d’un groupe fratrie actuellement en cours en camsp .
De la fratrie au groupe fraternel d’accueil
Authors: Chapon Nathalie
Published: April 2017

On constate que les travaux sur la question des relations affectives au sein de famille d’accueil ont émergé depuis un peu plus d’une quinzaine d’années en France ; autant dire que les relations fraternelles s’inscrivant dans un cadre d’assistance éducative n’étaient alors quasiment pas étudiées. Dans le cadre de cet article nous aborderons les dernières recherches sur la question fraternelle. Quelles sont celles qui abordent la question de l’analyse des relations fraternelles en protection de l’enfance, notamment en accueil familial ? Que nous apprennent-elles ?
Enfants du don, des fratries comme les autres ?
Authors: Masle Christophe , Bourdelet Adèle
Published: April 2017

« Je m’appelle Christophe, mon petit frère est lui aussi issu d’un don de sperme mais pas du même donneur que le mien. C’est mon frère unique. » Le recours aux techniques d’assistance médicale à la procréation avec tiers donneur ( amp-d ) est aujourd’hui fréquent puisqu’on estime qu’un enfant sur six cents a été conçu grâce à un don de gamète ou d’embryon en 2013, selon l’Agence de la biomédecine. De nouvelles familles se sont donc constituées avec un ou plusieurs enfants issus du même donneur ou d’un donneur différent. De nouvelles questions se posent inévitablement : ces familles fonctionnent-elles comme les autres ? Qu’en est-il des liens tissés entre les frères et les sœurs issus d’un don ? La question des origines se pose-t-elle dans des termes différents que pour les enfants adoptés ? Et la part du génétique dans l’histoire de ces « fratries du don » ? Voilà quelques questions auxquelles nous tenterons d’apporter des éclairages, à défaut de réponses fermes et définitives car chaque histoire familiale est unique.
Le religieux et sa sœur au Moyen Âge
Authors: Maillet Chloé
Published: April 2017

Cet article présente des exemples de liens frères-sœurs intenses et paradoxaux tirés de la vie et des écrits de deux pères de l’Èglise chrétienne, Ambroise de Milan (III e s.) et Benoît de Nursie (VI e s). Les liens adelphiques se construisaient souvent en opposition avec l’autorité parentale, et par extension, avec les conventions sociales. Le lien entre frère et sœur pouvait se montrer d’une proximité risquant de mener aux soupçons incestueux. Paradoxalement, le lien frère-sœur a longtemps été présenté par les clercs comme un modèle pour le mariage chrétien, dans une société qui, pourtant, interdisait l’inceste dans des proportions inédites (au septième degré de parenté durant le haut Moyen Âge). Ce paradoxe apparent se construit historiquement à partir des questions que se pose l’Église en tant qu’institution dominante de la société à des époques données. Dans l’Antiquité tardive, l’éloignement des parents était le fondement de la vocation religieuse, et le lien adelphique compensait cette dévalorisation du lien vertical. Au haut Moyen Âge, la relation frère-sœur devint le modèle de la relation conjugale, tendre et égalitaire. À partir du XII e siècle, la réforme de l’Église imposa dans toute la chrétienté la chasteté des clercs, et même le lien entre frère et sœur pouvait alors sembler suspect, comme tout rapprochement entre les sexes. Une profonde différence se construisit alors entre le lien adelphique mixte et unisexe. Alors que dans la vie des laïcs, les questions d’héritage rendaient souvent ce lien potentiellement conflictuel, l’Église s’est évertuée à en faire le modèle de la relation humaine.