bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Vibration Characteristics for Vehicle Inner Doors
Authors: Yu Ming , Hong Xue Wu , Gao Zhi Peng , Zhao Si Zhuo
Published: May 2016

It has been easy to deformation for car doors which opened and closed parts of a vehicle to withstanding various loads. Not only affected the car's appearance and degree of opening, but also deformation increased when subjected to collision. Therefore, it is great significance to internal board dynamic design of the car safety through dynamic analysis of the key pieces of the door to access to inner door panel features. In the paper, the method based on the calculation mode is proposed to analyses the dynamic characteristic of the car doors. The modal analysis of the inner door panel is respectively the inner door panel and the circumference of the fixed constraint on the free-state. The modal parameters and the mode shapes are calculated through finite element analysis. According to these FEM calculating results, the low-order natural frequencies and modal vibration shapes of the inner door panel are computed and identified on the two states. On the basis of these modal parameters, the faults of the inner door panel are shown and its weak points of the design are illustrated. The reason for deformation is analyzed and relevant measures employed to reduce faults are proposed. These improvements can guarantee the normal work of the tool cutter.
The Response of Irregular Enclosure with Different Excitation
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Jian Run , Wang Xue Li , Le Van Quynh
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a theoretical investigation into the response of the coupled system which consists of a regular or irregular enclosure with different excitation, including noise reduction level and panel vibration energy level. The results show that the noise reduction level curves appear changes in medium and high frequency region when the enclosure change from regular rectangular to irregular trapezoidal, but there is small variation in panel vibration energy. Compared with the incident plane wave perpendicular to the flexible wall, more panel modes are excited by the oblique plane wave, and it means that more noise go through the flexible wall into the enclosure.
Design and Calculation of Explosion Rotary Cutting Deformation Test Device
Authors: Xie Si Yuan , Wei Wei Hua , Xue Tong Ming , Liu De Lai , Xu Jing Wei , Yao Feng Ying , Yuan Cheng Rong , Wang Tong Yue
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a new type of explosive rotary quick-off tools device is designed. This new type of explosion rotary quick-off tools test device is composed of foundation, explosion chamber, piston body, pressure plate, locking wedge and customized tools, which has many advantages such as simple structure, convenient operation and high rigidity. The calculation results of the acceleration of tool-falling, plate strength, physical strength of combustion show that the device is expected to obtain complete chip root samples at 150m/min speed conditions, which can meet the requirements of researching metal cutting deformation process at high-speed cutting condition.
Optimization Analysis of the Efficiency of the Gear Box in the In-Wheel Drive System
Authors: Chang D.G. , Shu F. , Chen X.B.
Published: May 2016

In-wheel drive electric vehicles have the incomparable advantage over conventional electric vehicles, and the efficiency of the gear box is an important factor which affects the transmission efficiency of the electric vehicles. This paper focuses on a kind of gear boxes of the in-wheel drive system, in the premise of ensure the structure is stable and reliable, optimizes the related parameters with the goal of maximizing the efficiency of the gear box by using MATLAB optimizing toolbox. Comparing the optimization results with the efficiency before optimized,the influence of related parameters is studied. The results have practical significance to the selection of gear box parameters.
The Design and Application of a New Type of CNC Tool Nozzle
Authors: Zhu Shuang Xia
Published: May 2016

In the engine cylinder head,the cooling water holes around the combustion chamber are tiny and deep,so it is necessary to clean them at fixed point.The paper designs a new type of CNC tool nozzle structure that mainly include the tool holder and nozzle body,on the primary side of the nozzle,there are six blowholes which distribute with a certain angle,and they can clean the cooling water holes at fixed point.The new type of tools nozzle can enhance the cleaning effect,improve the optimal moving path,accelerate the production tempo and save the energy consumption.
Basic Experimental Study on Rubber Materials for Vibration Damping in Vehicles
Authors: Zhu Cong Ling , Xu J. , Li S. , Zhu C.H.
Published: May 2016

In the constant-temperature indoor environment, the static principles of rubber materials for vibration damping in vehicles and the load and application scope of the experiments are studied in this paper. Basic experiments are carried out for common rubber materials in vehicle system by using advanced experimental equipment.
Biomechanical Analysis of Femoral Fixation with a New Compression Plate Using Finite Element Method during Stair Climbing
Authors: Wei Shan , Wang Sam , Wang Dong Mei , Lin Yan Ping , Li Xiang
Published: May 2016

LC-DCP (limited contact—dynamic compression plate) is the preferred plate in internal fixation. A new LC-DCP fixed with the femur was designed. Its strength was investigated with finite element method during stair climbing. Also, stress shielding and strength of femur fixed with TC4 (Ti6Al4V) compression plate was analyzed for different load mode during stair climbing. Simulated results demonstrated that compression plate’s design was reasonable, and it was not obvious to eliminate femoral stress shielding through adding preload on the screws. Also the analytical methods of stress shielding for femur fracture, established in the work, can be widely applied to stress shielding analysis of other bone fracture.
Energy Balancing Method to Identify Nonlinear Damping of Bolted-Joint Interface
Authors: Liao Xin , Zhang Jian Run
Published: May 2016

The interface of bolted joint commonly focuses on the research of non-linear damping and stiffness, which affect structural response. In the article, the non-linear damping model of bolted-joint interface is built, consisting of viscous damping and Coulomb friction. Energy balancing method is developed to identify the dry-friction parameter and viscous damping factor. The corresponding estimation equations are acquired when the input is harmonic excitation. Then, the vibration experiments with different bolted preloads are conducted, from which amplitudes in various input levels are used to work out the interface parameters. Also, the fitting curves of dry-friction parameters are also obtained. Finally, the results illustrate that the most interface of bolted joint in lower excitation levels occurs stick-slip motion, and the feasibility of the identification approach is demonstrated.
Research on FBE Grinding Device of Deepwater Multifunctional Pipeline Repair Machinery
Authors: Guo Shi Qing , Wang Li Quan , Yao Shao Ming , Liu Min
Published: May 2016

Deepwater pipeline repairing machine (DPRM) is an appropriative equipment which is used to repair damaged deepwater oil and gas pipelines. With the development of deepwater oil and gas exploitation, inventions of such kinds of equipments are urgent priorities. Grinding technology is used in DPRM to remove pipeline anticorrosive coating. It is easy to cut the pipeline excessively when grinding pipeline anticorrosive coating for large orality of deepwater pipelines, which is not conducive to use mechanical connector to seal the pipeline. In order to settle this problem, the rotating compliant mechanism is designed and the grinding tool is steel wire brush. Based on the theory of boundary layer, the underwater rotating mechanical model of grinding tools is established to gain the relationship between grinding drag torque and grinding tool radius, rotational speed, and positive pressure. The grinding experiment gives the effect of structural parameters of steel wire brush on removing anticorrosive coating and indicates that medium density bowl type steel wire brush is the best choice. Finally, the grinding pipeline anticorrosive coating test is completed to verify the rationality of the design of grinding device. These studies provide technical basis for the development of deepwater multifunctional pipeline repair machinery.
A New Integrated Performance Forecasting Model of TBM
Authors: Jiang Xing Yu , Gao Chao , Gao Wei Xian , Su Peng Cheng , Zhao Hai Feng
Published: May 2016

To realize accurate prediction of disk cutter performance and determine the crucial parameters in the design process of TBM (Full face tunneling boring machine), a new performance forecasting method of the circular blade cutter is presented, which integrates the parameters of breaking rock such as rock, disc cutter and construction. Furthermore, the second derivation in the process of breaking rock is considered, a new comprehensive performance forecasting model of the circular blade cutter is established based on the Coulomb-Mohr failure criterion. On the basis, the existed performance forecasting models of disc cutter such as Liner Cutting and CSM, and the performance forecasting model of disc cutter presented this paper are analyzed and calculated, according to Colorado linear cutting experiment. The calculation results indicate the prediction accuracy of the performance forecasting model presented in this paper is greatly improved, comparing with the existed models (such as CSM, linear cutting). Finally, the influences of the parameters (rock, disc cutter and construction) are analyzed, which provides for the overall design of TBM cutter and construction with some scientific basis.
Design and Analysis of a Power Transmission Network Model of Electric Vehicle
Authors: Liu L.H.
Published: May 2016

Fossil energy is increasing depletion, renewable energy sources plays an important role in our life and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) is proved to be feasible. Electric Vehicles (EVs) can not only store energy, but also can be used as a medium between the battery energy stored in EVs and the power grid through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G). And then, the energy in the batteries of electric vehicles can move with EVs. This paper introduces an energy distribution network, which is consisting of EVs, charge stations and renewable energy sources. After analyzing the characteristics of energy distribution network, we introduce a new commercial operation mode called mobile electrical grid, which is compared with the integrated grids. To calculate the life cycle energy loss for this novel operation mode, a mathematical model is developed, and then what we have deduced is demonstrated to be a lasso optimization problem with linear constraints, which is convex.
Calculation of Meshing Efficiency of Helical Gear Based on Double Integral Method
Authors: Chang D.G. , Shu F. , Chen X.B. , Zou Y.J.
Published: May 2016

The meshing efficiency of helical gear transmission is calculated by using the method of double integral. The external involute helical gear meshing is taken and the model of helical gears is simplified by the idea of differential. The instantaneous efficiency equation of a meshing point is derived, and further more the rectangular coordinate system of meshing zone of helical gears is established. The average meshing efficiency of helical gears is achieved by using double integral method. Then, the influence of design parameters is studied and the efficiency formula is verified by comparing the theoretical results with relevant experimental data, which can provide a theoretical basis for decide the design parameters.
Design of Nano/Micro-Structured Diamond Coating on Cemented Carbide
Authors: Zhang Lin , Yang Bin , Lu Wen Zhuang , Ai Guo Ping
Published: May 2016

The diamond coating can improve the performance and durability of cutting tool. To obtain the structure of nano/micro CVD diamond coating, the finite element analysis of nano/micro composite CVD diamond coating on boronized cemented carbide was carried on using ANSYS. The relationship between nanoand micron diamond layer thickness and coating fall off stress was simulated. The thickness of nanodiamond and the micron diamond layer was suggested for the nano/micro CVD diamond coating on boronized cemented carbide cutting tool.
Drawing Die Preparation of Composite Diamond Coating Based on Nb Interlayer
Authors: Wang Hong Xiang , Yin Z.H.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, the drawing die of cemented carbide WC-Co (Wolfram Carbide-Cobalt) was taken as the substrate which was preprocessed by Murakami solution and aqua regia. DCS (Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering) was adopted to sputter the Nb interlayer in the bore of the drawing die. By using EACVD (Electron Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition), micro-nanocomposite coating was deposited. Then, specimens were characterized through methods like SEM (scanning electron microscope) and Raman etc. Results indicated that the drawing die showed very smooth coating surface and a compact, uniform structure; the grain size < 50 nm and surface roughness < 10 nm. It can be inferred from the indentation experiment that there was satisfactory adhesion force between coating and the substrate. So, the drawing die can satisfy the working requirement of drawing wires.
Layer-by-Layer Fabrication and Tribological Investigation of PDDA/GO Multilayer Film
Authors: Shu Jian , Liao Yu Song
Published: May 2016

Poly (diallyl dimethylammonium chloride)-graphene oxide multilayer film (PDDA/GO) was successfully fabricated onto a silicon substrate by a layer-by-layer self-assembly technology. Subsequently, PDDA/GO were thermally reduced to be PDDA/RGO in a vacuum. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out to investigate the formation and microstructure of multilayer samples, as well as by water contacted angle (WCA). Results indicates that the multilayer film was prepared successfully, and the surface energy of PDDA/RGO is lower than PDDA/GO. nanotribological properties was investigated by an atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the frictional coefficients of PDDA/RGO is better than PDDA/GO. To investigate the micro-tribological behaviors, a ball-on-plate tribometer was adopted. Results show that the layer-by-layer self-assembled multilayer thin film possesses good frictional and anti-wear properties. Therefore, both nanoand micro friction performance of PDDA/RGO behaves better than PDDA/GO. The obtained samples make the further application to be more possible.
Microstructure and Tribological Behavior of Ultra-Fine Cemented Carbides
Authors: Pan Y.Z. , Zhao Jun , Zhang J.
Published: May 2016

The chemical compositions and microstructures of several different cemented carbides were checked by XRD, XRF, SEM, metallographic microscope and stereomicroscope. The influences of phase compositions and microstructures on mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that improving the Co content and refining WC grain properly are effective means to acquire the excellent mechanical properties of cemented carbide. A series of friction and wear tests were carried out in a high-speed tribometer to explore the tribological behavior of three cemented carbides with different Co content and WC grain size against aluminum alloy 7050-T7451. It was found that the tribological behaviors of cemented carbides are largely dependent on their microstructures and mechanical properties. The enhancement of flexural strength and fracture toughness can be ascribed to deformation buffering effects of Co binder, but the improved hardness depends on the rigid skeleton of WC-WC grains.
Oxygen-Enriched Combustion Characteristics of Solid Fuel - The Lignite
Authors: Chen X.Y. , Zhang Yong Feng , Zhang Q.C. , Zhou Q.
Published: May 2016

Oxygen-enriched Combustion behavior of indigenous lignite was investigated by using thermo gravimetric analyzer (TG). Combustion tests were carried out in six different atmospheres. The experiment results showed the oxygen–enriched atmosphere can improve the combustion rate of the lignite and expand the application scope of the lignite. Determine the Combustibility index to reveal the oxygen-enriched combustion process in detail.
3D Topography Analysis of Ball-End Milled H-13 Die Steel Surfaces Using Wavelet Decomposition Method
Authors: Liu Shuai , Zhao Jun , Tian Xian Hua , Qin Wen Zhen
Published: May 2016

Optical profiler is employed to measure the surface topography of H-13 die steel machined by ball end cutter. By using 2D discret wavelet decomposition, the topographies of different frequency bands are obtained and the influence of cutter posture on varying frequncy bands topography is studied. The results show that cutter posture has a great influence on the whole frequency band roughness. The changing trend of roughness is roughly the same under different cutter postures which increase firstly then decrease with the decrease in frequency. A surface with a small high frequency roughness may have a large median frequency roughness.
A Study of Cutting Force and Force Coefficients in Orthogonal Cutting of High-Strength CFRP T700 Laminates
Authors: Qiu Kun Xian , Bie Ya Xing , Qin Sheng , An Qing Long , Chen Ming
Published: May 2016

High strength carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) with unidirectional laminate structure have gradually developed into major materials in load-bearing aerospace components, and the cutting demand of CFRP is increasing. In this work, orthogonal cutting tests were conducted on T700 high-strength CFRP laminates to get the mechanistic force model of special cutting tools. Also cutting force coefficients were obtained when cutting T700 high-strength CFRP laminates under different fiber orientations. Experimental results showed that the lowest cutting force was obtained when fiber orientation was between 120° and 150°.
Experimental Study on the Distribution of Heat Flux along Contact Arc in Twin-Roll Continuous Strip Casting
Authors: Zhu Guang Ming , Zhang C. , Xu P.G. , Bai G.C.
Published: May 2016

Heat flux between molten metal and casting rolls plays a key role in improving the quality of the strip, studying on the interfacial heat flux has very important theoretical significance and practical value. According to the contact form and the heat flux characteristics of molten metal and casting rolls in twin-roll strip casting process, a set of measuring equipments has been developed, which are used to measure the heat flow of the interface between the molten metal and solid, and a relevant software system has been exploited to acquire and analyze the experiment data. Using the method of combining experimental and numerical computation, we analyze the influence of pouring temperature on the contact interface heat flux. The experimental results show that the higher the pouring temperature , the greater the summit of heat flux density and the shorter time to the summit heat flux are, but when the pouring temperature reaches a certain critical value, the summit of heat flux will decrease with the increase of pouring temperature.
Geometrical Modeling of Tool-Workpiece Contact Zone and Chip Formation in Finish Ball End Milling Process with Tool Inclination Angles
Authors: Chen Xiao Xiao , Zhao Jun
Published: May 2016

The tool-workpiece contact zone is an important issue in the ball end milling process. This paper investigated the effects of tool inclination angles on the tool-workpiece contact zone, and variations of the cutting section area and perimeter with the increasing tilt and lead angles were also analyzed by geometrical modeling and measurement method for ball end milling process. The appropriate tool inclination angles, which could avoid the extrusion and friction between tool tip and the uncut materials, shorten the loading time on the cutting flute, and decrease the maximum cutting forces, could be preferentially selected according to the distribution characteristics of the tool-workpiece contact zone and the variations of the cutting section area and perimeter corresponding to various tool postures.
Influence of Substrate Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of Ti-Si-C Film
Authors: Liu Sen , Lu Wen Zhuang , Chen Yao Guang , Zuo Dun Wen
Published: May 2016

Ti-Si-C films were prepared on cemented carbide by chemical vapor deposition. The reactive gas system was CH4, (CH3)4Si, TiCl4 and H2. The film was analyzed and tested by SEM, AFM, EDS, XPS, microhardness tester, friction and wear tester. The results indicate that the film is continuous and dense. At higher substrate temperature, the hardness of the film will be higher. When the substrate temperature is 850°C, the adhesion of the film is highest with coefficient of friction only 0.14.
Modeling and Simulation of Cutting Forces in Side Milling
Authors: Li An Hai , Zhao Jun , Pan He Lin , Gong Zhao Chao
Published: May 2016

In order to acquire high machining quality and minimum machining time, cutting forces are usually modeled to understand the milling process, simulate or predict cutting forces, and optimize the machining parameters. In this paper, side milling tests were conducted on superalloy Inconel 718 with a solid carbide end mill, and the cutting forces vs. cutting time were measured. The average cutting forces were extracted from the measured instantaneous cutting forces under different feed rates of experiments, and the components of the shear forces and edge forces were determined by using the linear regression of the experimental data. The cutting force coefficients, including shear force coefficients and edge force coefficients, were identified. In addition, the algorithms of the mathematical model were implemented in Matlab. The predicted cutting forces were in good agreement with the experimentally measured forces, and the validation of the cutting force model was demonstrated.
Research on Semi-Finishing of NC Milling
Authors: Liao Yu Song , Han Jiang
Published: May 2016

Usually, bigger diameter milling tools were firstly applied in rough machining of NC Milling for improving efficiency and reducing cost before semi-finishing. In order to make the surface of parts more smooth and get accurate dimension parameters and proper shape, it is necessary to select appropriate tools to carry out the finishing of NC Milling. Moreover, higher precision dimension or shapes of parts can be achieve by the method of the semi-finishing, which it can be carried out after rough machining of high efficiency. Currently, the main methods of semi-finishing include semi-finishing of using IPW and semi-finishing of using reference tool.
Superficial Residual Stresses in Face-Milling the 17-4PH Stainless Steel at Various Feed Rates
Authors: Liu Guo Liang , Huang Chuan Zhen , Zou Bin , Wang Jun , Wang Xiang Yu , Liu Han Lian
Published: May 2016

17-4PH stainless steel is a widely used martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, and it is a typical difficult-to-cut material. Residual stress is an important part of the surface integrity. In this paper, superficial residual stress tests of face-milling the 17-4PH stainless steel were carried out at 0.1~0.3 mm/tooth with TiAlN coated carbide inserts. The effects of feed rate on the superficial residual stresses at various cutting speeds were studied. It was found that the residual stresses on the machined surface were very sensitive to the feed rate. The superficial residual stresses at the directions of parallel to and normal to the feed direction both remained compressive and changed obviously in higher compressive direction along with the feed rate. The burnishing effect determined by the cutting force was found to be the primary reason of the residual compressive stresses on the machined surface. The suitable cutting parameters were recommended according to the superficial residual stresses.
The Design of Turn-Mill Process Planning for Mass Customization Wheel Rim
Authors: Zhang Gou Zheng , Zhou Yuan Zhi , Han Jiang , Xu L.
Published: May 2016

Targeted at numerical control machining process of mass customization vehicle wheel rim revolving body parts and its fixture planning problem, using the dot product method between the unit normal vector of the feature facet, it was provide to distinguish the main direction of machining surface, machining position of workpiece was determined, and NC machining process of integrated procedure was designed. The loaded and taken out of the wheel rim workpiece were analyzed according to the two-dimensional plane clamping method, the clamping point position of wheel rim workpiece can be determined. Using the principle of planar mechanism kinematic to analyze one’s claw of turn-mill fixture kinematics trace, so that a quick clamping structure can reduce the cylinder stroke was designed. This fixture device was convenient and reliable.
The Influence of Tool Geometric Parameters on the Reliability of Deep Cryogenic High Speed Steel Taps
Authors: Zhang Shao Hua , Yan Xian Guo , Guo Hong , Peng Fei , Li Jun Ji , Feng Zhi Yang
Published: May 2016

The selection of geometric parameters of cryogenic tap has a direct effect on the reliability of tools and the precision of processed workpiece. Based on nonsubstitute Type-I Censoring Life Tests, a mathematical model in dynamic reliability of cryogenic tap is built, and the change of its reliability is explored. Combined with cutting tool life expansion equation, the effects of geometric parameters on wear life are presented. The results show that of the geometric parameters, rake angle taps in its effect on reliability with the increase in machining time and impact loading action, thus the quality of rake angle should be controlled directly or indirectly so as to reduce its influence on reliability of cutting tool, which can ultimately improve the reliability of cutting tool and the precision of processed workpiece. Meanwhile, the proposed method provides a theoretical basis for improvements of the reliability of tool system.
Characterization of Silicon Carbide Nanowhiskers Synthesized by Microwave Heating Using Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Kahar Suhaimi Mat , Voon Chun Hong , Lee Chang Chuan , Foo Kai Loong , Lim Bee Ying , Md Arshad Mohd Khairuddin , Liu Wei Wen , Ruslinda A. Rahim , Hashim Uda , Adelyn Puah Ying Phing , Huda Abdul Rahman Nurul , Lee Hon Cheun , Rahman W.
Published: May 2016

Silicon carbide is an attractive material for engineering and industrial applications in harsh conditions. In manufacturing process, conventional heating process is commonly used to synthesis the silicon carbide. In this study, SiC nanowhiskers were synthesized from microwave heating of mixture of graphite and silica in the ratio of 3: 1. The mixture was heated by using laboratory microwaves oven to 1400°C at heating rate of 20 °C/min and temperature was hold for 30 minutes. Photoluminescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the SiC nanowhiskers. Photoluminescence spectrum of SiC nanowhiskers showed a sharp peak at 420 nm corresponding to band gap of SiC (2.39 ev). FTIR absorption spectra of SiCNWs recorded a band at 805.22 cm-1 corresponding to Si-C bond.
Composite Materials Characterization for Aircraft Application
Authors: Min Kyung Ju , Lee Ho Sung
Published: May 2016

Various composite materials have been developed for many of aircrafts feature and it is important to establish the composite materials characterization procedure based on the airworthiness requirement. Since properties of composites are a function of the properties of the constituent phases, their relative amounts, and processing methods, the overall processing must be carefully evaluated. This paper presents a composite materials evaluation procedure for composite aircraft and provide the effective statistical allowable to be approved by airworthiness certification agency. All material, specimens, fixtures and test results contained within this study were traceable and approved by the agency. In this study 8 different mechanical properties are obtained for 4 environmental conditions from 5 batches for robust sampling. By using modified coefficient of variation, the B-basis value of 0°tensile strength of carbon/epoxy unidirectional composite for elevated temperature/wet condition increases from 2,291MPa to 2,331MPa. The result would be applied to qualify domestic composite materials for aircraft within the level of a global standard.
The Influence of Blending Methods in Epoxy/PMMA Polymer Blend
Authors: Phua J.L. , Teh Pei Leng , Ghani Supri A. , Yeoh Cheow Keat
Published: May 2016

Polymer blend consist of epoxy and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was prepared via two different blending methods. Conventional blending method which required solvent to obtain polymer blend of PMMA and epoxy. However, due to the high consumption of solvent and environmental issue, a new approaching method: direct mixing method was used to prepare the polymer blend without the usage of solvent. The PMMA pellets are grinded and sieved into fine powders and incorporated into epoxy. Comparison between the conventional and new method was done through the investigation based on the morphology and mechanical behaviour, with different PMMA content (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 vol.%) between two blending methods. In overall, the polymer blend system prepared via direct mixing methods exhibited better mechanical properties as compared to conventional solvent dissolution method. Improvement on fracture toughness was observed in direct mixing method.
Development of Seamless Pipe Based on Al/Al2O3  Composite Produced by Stir Casting and Centrifugal Casting
Authors: Junus Salahuddin , Zulfia Anne
Published: May 2016

Aluminum with Al2O3 material has high strength and light weight. In this study, the aluminum is used with Al2O3 material as an alternative material seamless pipe. The making of this material seamless pipe is through the stir casting process and centrifugal casting process. The results show that the addition of reinforcing and spin method increases the mechanical properties of the cast. Influences of process-variables are analyzed using the microstructure observation. The observations show that there formed a new phase, i.e. MgO and MgAl2O4. The new phase will improve wettability and mechanical properties of the composites. The hardness value of composites growing with the increasing of the Vf% Al2O3 and the centrifugal process. The highest hardness is achieved by 47 HRB with 5%Vf Al2O3-3 wt% Mg. Expected results of aluminum composite with ceramic particles reinforcement design is to obtain a composite material, which have superior mechanical properties, such as strength, hardness, high temperature resistant and light weight. The material can be applied as an alternative material for tube and pipe products. Initially, the product materials are made of steel and now can be replaced using composite Al/Al2O3.
Effects of Composition and Fe on the Liquid Phase Sintered W-Brass Composites
Authors: Mohammed Kahtan S. , Gowon Baba , Jamaludin Shamsul Baharin , Hussain Zuhailawati , Mohd Shobi Harith , Evarastics Polycarp
Published: May 2016

In this study, W-brass with the composition of tungsten (W) ranging from 50 – 70 wt. % and the balance is brass and other samples with 1 wt. % Fe activator added to the above W and brass composition were both liquid phase sintered at 11500C. The effects of composition and Fe activator on the densification, microstructure and hardness were investigated. As a result of Zn evaporation, compacts expansion, porosity and mutual insolubility between W andbrass, the sintered densities of all the samples were lower than their green densities. Though the Fe activated samples equally expanded, their relative sintered densities were higher than the non-activated samples. Optimum densification was obtained in the samples with 40 – 50 wt. % brass). The porosity in the sintered samples ranges from 24.09% - 27.51%. The hardness increases with the increase in the volume fraction of W. The general low hardness values are a direct consequence of low sintered densities.
Specifics of Application of Cutting Ceramics with Functional Coating in Turning of High-Strength Materials
Authors: Vereschaka Alexey Anatolevich , Prilukova Julia , Mokritskii Boris Ya. , Vereshchaka Anatoly S. , Sitnikov Nikolay
Published: May 2016

This paper reviews some of the features of application of cutting ceramics with Ti-TiN-(TiAlZr)N coating for machining of high-strength hardened alloy steel. The study has revealed the conceptual role of coatings on ceramic cutting tools, which can serve as a scientific and technological basis for further improvement of the ceramic tool. It has been found out that the coating increases the antifriction properties of ceramics both due to lower coefficient of friction of the coating material and to reduction of roughness of rake face of the tool, and that is the main cause of 25% reduction in cutting force components for the coated tool, wherein the difference in cutting forces for the coated and uncoated tools is inversely proportional to the thickness of the slice. On the basis of the analysis of the studies on the issues of cutting with coated tools of ceramic material and the results of research presented in this paper, the conceptual role of the coating on the working surfaces of the ceramic tool was formulated, and it can serve as a scientific and technological basis for further improvement of the ceramic tool.
Synthesis of Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) on Aluminum Alloy AA6061 in Mixture of Phosphoric Acid and Oxalic Acid
Authors: Voon Chun Hong , Lim Bee Ying , Foo Kai Loong , Hashim Uda , Ting Sam Sung , Md Arshad Mohd Khairuddin , Mustafa N.A.I.
Published: May 2016

In this study, porous anodic alumina was formed on aluminum alloy AA6061 by anodizing using mixture of 0.3 M oxalic acid and phosphoric acid with concentration ranged from 0.1 M to 1.0 M. AA6061 alloys were anodized at 40 V and 25°C for 60 minutes. FESEM images show that the uniformity of the pores arrangement of porous anodic alumina decreased with the increasing concentration of phosphoric acid in the electrolyte. Well-ordered porous anodic alumina was formed in mixture of 0.3 M oxalic acid and 0.1 M phosphoric acid while disordered porous anodic alumina were formed when the concentration of phosphoric acid were in the range of 0.3 M to 1.0 M. Pore size and interpore distance were found to increase with the concentration of phosphoric acid in the mixture. X-ray diffraction patterns show that to γ-Al2O3 were formed on the surface of AA6061 after the anodizing process, regardless of the concentration of phosphoric acid in the mixture electrolyte.
Two-Step Solution Heat Treatment of AlSiCu Alloy for Improvement of Mechanical Properties
Authors: Kim Chung Seok , Park Sang Guy , Kong Won Sik
Published: May 2016

This paper investigated the effects of two-step solution heat treatment of aluminum alloy for lightweight automotive on mechanical properties. Solution heat treatments in this study are applied to improve of mechanical properties through a single-step and two-step solution heat treatment. The microstructure of AlSiCu casting specimen represents a typical dendrite structure having a secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) of 40 um. In addition to the Al matrix, a large amount of coarsen eutectic Si, Al2Cu intermetallic phases and Fe-rich phases are identified. After solution heat treatment, the mechanical properties of two-step solution heat treatment alloy show higher values than as-cast and a single-step solution specimens. Consequentially, the two-step solution heat treatment could be used in automotive parts to improve mechanical properties.
The Effect of Solution Heat Treatment on Incipient Melting of Al2Cu Intermetallic Phase in Lightweight Materials
Authors: Kim Chung Seok , Jo Jin Woo , Lee Hak Min
Published: May 2016

The effects of solution heat treatment of Al6Si2Cu aluminum alloy on incipient melting of θ-Al2Cu phase have been investigated. Solution heat treatments, in this study, are applied to improve of mechanical properties through a single-step solution heat treatment. The microstructure of as-cast specimen represents a typical dendrite structure having a secondary dendrite arm spacing of 37um. In addition to the Al matrix, a large amount of coarsen eutectic Si, θ-Al2Cu intermetallic phases and Fe-rich phases are identified. As the solution temperature increases, the Vickers's hardness increases up to 510°C and thereafter hardness decreases at the temperature of 520°C and 530°C. This hardness behavior may closely related with microstructural evolution such as solubility of alloying elements up to 510°C and also melting of θ-Al2Cu intermetallic phases over 510°C in this study. Consequentially, the optimal single-step solution heat treatment temperature should be 510°C to improve mechanical property.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA2195-T0
Authors: Lee Ho Sung , Yoon Jong Hoon , Yoo Joon Tae , Min Kyung Ju
Published: May 2016

Aluminum-copper-lithium alloy is a light weight metal that has been used as substitute for conventional aerospace aluminum alloys. With addition of Li element, it has lower density but higher strength. However these aluminum alloys are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding, since they often produce porosities and cracking in the weld zone. It is known that solid state welding like friction stir welding is appropriate for joining of this alloy. In this study, friction stir welding was performed on AA2195 sheets, in butt joint configuration in order to understand effects of process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties in the weld zone. The results include the microstructural change after friction stir welding with electron microscopic analysis of precipitates.
Microstructural Evolution of Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI304 and AISI316 Subjected to High-Temperature Thermal Aging
Authors: Lee Hak Min , Kim Chung Seok
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the microstructural evolution of austenitic stainless steels AISI304 and AISI316 subjected to thermal aging at elevated temperature. Most structural steels are generally subjected to softening of matrix when they are exposed to high temperatures for a long period of time because of the coarsening of the secondary phases and the phase transformation. The test specimens are heat-treated in electrical furnace for up to 5000 h at each predetermined aging time to simulate the degraded microstructure under high temperature. The microstructural changes in test materials have been evaluated by the optical and electron microscope in relation with twins, grains, precipitates, and phase transformation. The mechanical hardening were also discussed in terms of microstructural changes during long-term aging.
Precision Hole Making on Laminates Composite: Comparison between Drilling and Punching
Authors: Abdullah A.B. , Ghaffar N.A. , Samad Z.
Published: May 2016

Accurate and strong fastener assembly depends on precision of the hole. For structural material likes composites, these criteria is very important. Drilling is the most common method in producing hole on composites. But the main problem of drilling is excessive tool wear that may affect the quality of the holes. Punching is another alternative in making a hole. The main objective of this study is to compare between drilling and punching in terms of hole quality. The scanned images of the produced hole will be captured using commercial 3D optical surface measurement method namely Alicona IFM. The effect to the quality of the produced hole will be measured and compared between drilling and punching.
Nanoindentation Study on Heat Treated Gold Wire Bonding
Authors: Wan Yusoff Wan Yusmawati , Jalar Azman , Othman Norinsan Kamil , Rahman Irman Abdul
Published: May 2016

The effect of high temperature storage of gold ball bonds towards micromechanical properties has been investigated. Gold wire from thermosonic wire bonding exposed to high temperature storage at 150 °C for 10, 100 and 1000 hours. The nanoindentation test was used in order to evaluate the high temperature storage effect on wire bonding in more details and localized. Prior to nanoindentation test, the specimens were cross-sectioned diagonally. The constant load nanoindentation was performed at the center of gold ball bond to investigate the hardness and reduced modulus. The load-depth curve of nanoindentation for the high temperature storage gold wire has apparent the discontinuity during loading compared to as-received gold wire. The hardness value increased after subjected to high temperature storage. However, the hardness decreased when the storage period is extended. The decreasing in the hardness value may due to the grain size of Au metal which recrystallized after subjected to high temperature storage. The results obtained from nanoindentation is important in assessing the high temperature storage of wire bonding.
Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Building with Soil Structure Interaction Effect under Vertical Earthquake
Authors: Abd Rahim Siti Marissa , Mohd Zahid Mohd Zulham Affandi , Wan Omar Wan Mohd Sabki , bin Ab Rahim Mohd Asri , Faisal Ade
Published: May 2016

In past investigation, most of studies on seismic analysis for soil structure interaction effect are small and generally design building were considered to be fixed at their support. In actual condition, flexibility of the bases soil medium were generate some deformation in foundation element and will be shows detrimental effects on the system behavior. This can make a beneficial result on the overall structure response if flexible bases were considered during seismic analysis. The present study attempts to compare the behavior of reinforced concrete medium rise building with soil structure interaction effect and fixed bases under vertical earthquake. The eight-storey irregular 2D frame models were subjected to ground motion from 4 stations with peak ground acceleration ratios vertical to horizontal (V/H) between ranges 0.95 to 1.16. During simulation of simplified model, Impedance Function has been applied to calculate the stiffness of such spring. The structural response quantities were considered displacement histories and axial load variation. The result shows that the consideration of soil structure interaction effect may increase such response behavior.
Leachability of Heavy Metals from Steel Mill Sludge Incorporated in Fired Clay Brick
Authors: Kadir Aeslina Abdul , Halim Muhammad Khuzaimy Kamarul , Sarani Noor Amira , Al Bakri A.M. Mustafa
Published: May 2016

The reuse of sludge in clay brick material is a long-term approach to sludge disposal for economic and environmental sustainability. In this study, steel mill sludge collected from Kluang, Johor was used to be investigated to replace clay as brick material. The raw material has been characterized using X Ray Fluorescent (XRF) analysis. The optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) of the soil used was performed by using Standard Proctor Compaction Test in order to verify percentages of water used during brick manufacturing. Brick were manufactured into different percentages which are control brick (0%) and steel mill sludge brick with 5%, 10% and 15% of steel mill sludge waste. Manufactured brick was dried and fired in a furnace at 1050 °C. The results showed that zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are the higher heavy metal concentrations detected in steel mill sludge. Meanwhile, leachability test showed that heavy metals leached from steel mill sludge brick are low under permissible limit and complied with United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).
Directional Growth Behaviour of Intermetallic Compound of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/ImSn Subjected to Thermal Cycling
Authors: Abu Bakar Maria , Jalar Azman , Ismail Roslina , Daud Abdul Razak
Published: May 2016

Directional growth behavior of intermetallic compound (IMC) layer of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) on immersion tin (ImSn) surface finished Cu substrate was investigated. The samples of SAC305 on ImSn/Cu substrate were subjected to thermal cycling at temperatures between 0 °C and 100 °C for 0 cycle up to 500 cycles. The cross-sectioned microstructures of soldered samples, SAC305 on ImSn/Cu were observed using optical microscope. The shape and orientation of IMC growth on the SAC305 on ImSn/Cu indicates that the orientation of IMC growth were observed to be non-uniform and dispersed throughout the solder joint with longer thermal cycling test.
Potential of Geopolymer Mortar as Concrete Repairing Materials
Authors: Warid Wazien A.Z. , Al Bakri A.M. Mustafa , Abd Razak Rafiza , Mohd Arif Zainol Mohd Remy Rozainy , Mohd Tahir Muhammad Faheem , Kamarudin Hussin
Published: May 2016

Geopolymer mortars which produced by the reaction of fly ash with an alkaline activator and added with sand is going to be developed for use as concrete repair material. Thus, the typical and standard requirement as repair material is reviewed. This paper also discusses the efficiency of geopolymer mortar which is mainly dependent on the excellent bond between the sand and geopolymer binder. Based on the determined formulation of geopolymer mortar, the standard for testing is determined making it potentially becoming as an excellent repair materials.
Review on Different Types of Geopolymer Concrete Fibres
Authors: Faris Meor Ahmad , Al Bakri A.M. Mustafa , Ismail Khairul Nizar , MUniandy Ratnasamy , Abdul Kadir Aeslina , Kamarudin Hussin , Tran Mien Van
Published: May 2016

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) has been used over the than hundred years for material construction especially as a binder in production of concrete. However, there are a few disadvantages with the using of OPC that have been found especially in terms of properties and green house effect. This paper reviews the potential of an alternative binder material with no cement usage (cementless) called as “geopolymer”. The history of the development geopolymer will be described. Different types of base materials used in the formation of geopolymer will be explained in details. The influence of different types of fibres to the mechanical properties especially compressive strength and flexural strength were explained well.
Optical Data Support on Flexural Strength of Kaolin Coated Lumber Wood via Geopolymer Technology
Authors: Ramasamy Shamala , Kamarudin Hussin , Al Bakri A.M. Mustafa , Ghazali Che Mohd Ruzaidi , Sandu Andrei Victor , Binhussain Mohammed
Published: May 2016

Kaolin, a geopolymer raw material that is rich with aluminosilicate materials is mixed with alkaline activator solution to produce geopolymer based coating material. Geopolymer technology is stil under studied in terms of coating applications especially using kaolin as raw material. Till date, there are no similar work as our effort in this research. Lumber wood is used as our subtrates as it has low grade wood properties such as low resistance to heat, impact or even durability. In this work, optical microscopy data are analysed in support of flexural properties of kaolin coated lumber woods. As discussed in our previous work, flexural properties shows that at solid/liquid ratio of 0.7, silicate/NaOH ratio of 0.40 and 8M of NaOH, kaolin coated lumber is at its best. Our findings on interfacial micrographs of kaolin geopolymer coating and wood substrates are further observed and studied.