bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitude and Vaccination Status among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Health Facility
Authors: Obu DC , Asiegbu UV , Ezeonu CT , Una AFI , Arua-Iduma CE , Edafioghor LO
Published: October 2021

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis virus B infection through occupational exposure. Having adequate knowledge and proper attitudes toward hepatitis B virus infection are crucial for its prevention. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and hepatitis B virus vaccination status of health care workers. A descriptive cross-sectional study among 120 healthcare workers that attended the World Hepatitis B-Day Celebration in June 2018 was undertaken. Data were obtained with a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude towards HBV infection, and practice of hepatitis B vaccination. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen. Data were analyzed using computer software SPSS version 22. The prevalence of HBsAg among the subjects was 4.5%. Only 53(47.7%) of the respondents had good knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection. The majority of respondents 91(82.0%) demonstrated a positive attitude towards hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination. Over 30% of respondents were aware of their hepatitis B virus infection status, and 29(26.1%) of them had received the hepatitis B virus vaccine. The major reason for the poor uptake of hepatitis B virus vaccination was not knowing where to get the vaccine in 40(57.1%) of them. Good knowledge of HBV infection had a statistically significant association with the age of respondents and their years of experience (p<0.05). It is recommended that a healthcare worker should be provided with more education and information on hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination. Also, hepatitis B screening and vaccination should be made mandatory as part of the pre-employment exercise of all healthcare workers with follow up screening before any upgrade or promotional examination exercise.
Experience of tourist classification of mountain passes of the Northern Tien han
Authors: Vukolov V. N.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the article is an objective classification of the mountain passes of the Northern Tien Shan, collecting maximum information about them, which will ensure maximum safety for participants of mountain hiking trips. Systematic work on the classification of mountain passes of the USSR began immediately after the formation of tourism as a sport. By 1990, more than 4 thousand passes were classified. After the collapse of the USSR, tourists began to intensively make sports trips to the mountainous regions of far abroad. By 2001 (the year of the release of the new “ List...”), 5 thousand passes had already been classified. In 2020–2021. a new stage of updating the “List of high mountain passes....” has begun. Since Soviet times, the author has been responsible for the implementation of this work on the passes of the Northern Tien Shan and the Dzungarian Alatau. Therefore, it was in these mountainousareas that intensive work was carried out by the Research Institute of Tourism of the University “Turan” (Almaty, Kazakhstan), which the author has been leading for more than 10 years. In addition to supplementing the list with new passes passed by tourists over 20 years (from 2001 to 2021), the task was set to include in the text as much information as possible about the exact coordinates of the pass points, the names of the pioneers and the dates of the first passage. In addition, a large amount of work was carried out to clarify exactly this section of information about the passes. This article is devoted to the consideration of these issues. During this period, the author, together with colleagues, supplemented the list with 64 segments of new information and six segments of clarifications. Special attention is paid to the choice of reliable sources of information about coordinates and pioneers.
LA PRESCRIPCIÓN TRIBUTARIA COMO INSTITUCIÓN EXTINTIVA DE FUNDAMENTO MÚLTIPLE
Authors: González Aparicio Marta
Published: October 2021

La prescripción desempeña un papel fundamental como mecanismo extintivo de la deuda tributaria. Sin embargo, en distintos pronunciamientos legales, jurisprudenciales y administrativos a los que viene siendo sometida esta institución en los últimos años, se ha puesto de manifiesto una evidente contradicción con su fundamento. Este sustento se encuentra principalmente en el principio de seguridad jurídica, pero también en algunos otros principios constitucionales y administrativos que contribuyen a aquilatar los pilares de la institución. Es por ello que resulta imprescindible, a fin de retomar la senda protectora de este instituto extintivo, una correcta identificación de estos principios y de su papel en nuestro ordenamiento tributario.
Fungal Diseases in Fish
Authors: ÖZCAN Filiz , ARSERİM Neval Berrin
Published: October 2021

Fungal diseases of fish have become increasingly important, over the past 20 years. The traditional ‘‘fungi’’ are comprised of members from several different taxonomic kingdoms. An increasing number of other environmental fungi are being reported from diseased fish, further testament to the opportunistic nature of many fungi. Active fungal agents living in waters cause infections in juvenile and adult individuals in fish populations, leading to decay in eggs and larvae. Fungal infections that are generally observed as a secondary infection in fish populations become established in lesions caused as a result of mechanical injury by bacterial, viral, and parasitic primary agents, consequently causing a change in the prognosis of the disease. Fungi, however, can cause disease under a variety of other circumstances. Some may be more aggressive and play a more primary role. Fungi can be external or internal, and systemic. Fungi can cause problems during reproduction, for example, by infecting fertilized eggs in spawns. Certain species of fungi can grow in poorly stored feeds and produce mycotoxins. Fungal diseases, in general, are very difficult to control or treat once they have taken hold. Prevention is, as always, the best medicine. Increased knowledge of basic biology will help guide treatment and control methods. This review study sought to provide insights into the fungal diseases of wild or farmed fish introduced onto the market.
SFE Learning Model for High School Mandarin Teachers in Tebing Tinggi City
Authors: Julina  , Ayuningtias Niza , Rudiansyah
Published: October 2021

This research is entitled 'SFE Learning Model for Mandarin Language Teachers at Senior High Schools in Tebing Tinggi City.' This activity aims to provide assistance in an effort to improve teacher skills in teaching Mandarin to high school students. This teaching training was carried out through a community service program with partner teachers in Tebing Tinggi City High School. This activity started from the anxiety of the principal, where the teacher had not been able to create an attractive and effective learning model. The research used training and mentoring method, starting with socialization activities and then opening in the form of offline motivational seminars. Furthermore, training activities were carried out online using the Zoom Meeting media for two months, involving teachers. The strategy in this activity used the Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFE) type of cooperative learning model. The results of this study are expected to be useful for all teachers in creating an interactive learning atmosphere, with various forms of games and facilitated by current technological advances.
Elementos da argumentação polêmica no debate político televisionado: confrontos em torno de temas de interesse público
Authors: Mazzola Renan Belmonte
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o funcionamento da argumentação polêmica em recortes do debate televisionado pré-eleitoral realizado pela emissora Band, no quadro da corrida presidencial de 2018. Foram analisados dois trechos de debate envolvendo os candidatos à presidência e os temas do aborto e dos privilégios com dinheiro público. Esta pesquisa fundamentou-se teoricamente nos campos da retórica, dos estudos de argumentação e do discurso, particularmente nos trabalhos de Plantin (2008), Amossy (2017) e Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2014). Verificou-se que a argumentação polêmica pode ocorrer pautada no logos e no éthos, na primeira sequência analisada; mas também pode ocorrer pautada no pathos e na desqualificação do adversário, de acordo com a segunda sequência analisada.
Ceci n’est pas une pipe: a dimensão performativa da argumentação
Authors: Grácio Rui Alexandre
Published: October 2021

A Revista de Estudos Integrados em Discurso e Argumentação – EID&A – convidou para uma conversa o professor Rui Alexandre Grácio, autor de diversas obras dedicadas aos estudos da retórica, da argumentação e do discurso. Rui Grácio, além de inventivo e inquieto questionador e pensador, é ainda filósofo de formação, ensaísta, tradutor, editor, resenhista, poeta, compositor. Uma das bandeiras desse autor é convocar a incerteza para o foco de discussão, não só em nossa vida cotidiana, como no próprio ensino da argumentação, tema bastante explorado por ele. É o que podemos conferir nesta entrevista.
WASHBACK EFFECT OF YEMENI GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOL CERTIFICATE ENGLISH EXAMINATION ON TEACHERS' TEACHING PRACTICES AND CLASSROOM TESTING
Authors: Albondoq Intisar Saleh Ahmed
Published: October 2021

The new trends in language testing towards the effect of testing in language learning and teaching helped in emerging a new concept ''washback'' or ''backwash'' to reflect the vital role that tests play, positively or negatively, in language learning and teaching. This study aims to investigate the washback effect of Yemeni General Secondary School Certificate English Examination (YGSSCEE) on teachers' teaching practices and classroom testing. The research methodology was quantitative approach design. Interview was used as a research instrument. The population of this study was 21 of English language teachers at Yemeni secondary schools namely: Aden, Abyan and Lahj. The study used purposive sampling method. The findings of the study revealed that teachers' teaching practices and classroom testing were, negatively, influenced by YGSSCEE. Most of the teachers used grammar translation method instead of implementation of communicative language teaching that was emphasized by Crescent English Course 6 for Yemen (CEC6Ym). Most of the teachers adapted the classroom tests from the past YGSSCEE papers. Reading, writing and grammar were given more emphasis; while listening skill was totally skipped in language teaching and testing. Most of the teachers considered the YGSSCEE as a role model in language teaching and testing in classrooms.
مستوى ممارسة أعضاء هيئة التدريس في كليتي التربية (عدن وصبر) بجامعة عدن لاستراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي من وجهة نظرهم
Authors: Al-saqqaf Ittfak Mahmood Ali
Published: October 2021

هدفت الدراسة الحالية الكشف عن مستوى ممارسة أعضاء هيئة التدريس بأقسام العلوم لكليتي التربية (عدن وصبر) بجامعة عدن لاستراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي من وجهة نظرهم، استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي نظراً لملائمته لتحقيق هدف الدراسة، تمثلت أداة الدراسة في استبيان تكون من (45) فقرة موزعة على خمسة محاور (استراتيجية التقويم المعتمد على الأداء، استراتيجية التقويم بالورقة والقلم، استراتيجية التقويم بالملاحظة، استراتيجية التقويم بالتواصل، استراتيجية مراجعة الذات)، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (60) فرداً من أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية بكليتي التربية عدن وصبر.

اظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن النسبة المئوية لأعضاء هيئة التدريس بأقسام العلوم في كليتي التربية (عدن وصبر) الذين لديهم معرفة سابقة باستراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي وأدواته بلغت 45.0%، وأن المتوسط العام لمستوى ممارسة أعضاء هيئة التدريس لاستراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي بشكل عام جاء متوسطاً، كذلك الأمر بالنسبة لمتوسط ممارسة استراتيجية التقويم المعتمد على الاداء، والتقويم بالملاحظة، والتقويم بالتواصل، وعلى النقيض من ذلك فإن متوسط مستوى ممارسة استراتيجية التقويم بالورقة والقلم وحدها كان كبيرا، أما متوسط ممارسة أعضاء هيئة التدريس لاستراتيجية مراجعة الذات، فقد حصل على مستوى ضعيف. كما اشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن 18.3% من أعضاء هيئة التدريس، حضروا دورات تدريبية في استراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي وأدواته. وأنه لا توجد فروق دالة إحصائياً بين متوسطات تقديرات افراد العينة لمستوى ممارستهم لاستراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي تعزى لمتغيرات: الخبرة، والمؤهل العلمي، ونوع الكلية. وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة اوصت الباحثة بعدد من التوصيات كان من أبرزها الاهتمام بتدريب اعضاء الهيئة التدريسية على استخدام استراتيجيات التقويم الواقعي وادواته.
جريمة تجنيد الأطفال وأشراكهم في النزاعات المسلحة في ضوء أحكام القانون الدولي الإنساني "دراسة تحليلية"
Authors: Alwheebe Etesam Alabd Saleeh
Published: October 2021

عانى المجتمع الدولي من ظاهرة تجنيد الأطفال وأشراكهم في النزاعات المسلحة التي مازالت تتزايد بصورة مستمرة في النزاعات المسلحة الدولية وغير الدولية، رغم ما أقرته العديد من الوثائق الدولية من حماية للأطفال، حيث يجري استهداف الأطفال للتجنيد على أيدي القوات المسلحة والجماعات المسلحة واستخدامهم في أعمال القتال وفي الجاسوسية أو أعمال التخريب، بل أصبحوا أدوات لارتكاب المجازر والانتهاكات الجسيمة للقانون الدولي الإنساني. وأصبحت هناك ضرورة ملحة لتحريم اشتراك الأطفال في النزاعات المسلحة، لأنه يتنافى مع الإنسانية أن يتم السماح للأطفال بالمشاركة في الحروب وتعريض حياتهم للخطر، لذلك تعرضت العديد من الوثائق الدولية إلى موضوع تجنيد الأطفال وحاولت منح أقصى حماية لهم لإبعادهم عن خطر الحرب، إما بحظر تجنيدهم أو تحديد سن معينة لتجنيدهم أو منحهم معاملة خاصة عند اعتقالهم كجنود حرب.

ويحظر القانون الدولي الإنساني تجنيد الأطفال وأشراكهم في النزاعات المسلحة، وتضطلع المحكمة الجنائية الدولية بمهمة محاكمة المسؤولين عن جريمة تجنيد الأطفال واشراكهم في النزاعات المسلحة، وعلى الرغم من تجريم القانون الدولي تجنيد الأطفال واستخدامهم في العمليات العسكرية، لكن تظل ظاهرة الأطفال الجنود مستمرة ومصدر قلق للمجتمع الدولي تحتاج إلى تضافر الجهود للقضاء عليها، إذ لا يحتاج الإطار القانوني لهذه الظاهرة إلى تطوير إضافي لقواعده في الوقت الحاضر بقدر ما يحتاج إلى تفعيل هذه القواعد وتطبيقها، فالمشكلة تكمّن في التطبيق وليست مشكلة تشريع.
كم عدد المربعات والمستطيلات المرسومة في مربع أو مستطيل مقسم إلى مربعات صغيرة؟
Authors: Abdalkabeer Salem Ahmed Abdullah
Published: October 2021

هدف البحث لحل المسألة: كم عدد المربعات والمستطيلات المرسومة في مربع مقسم إلى n×n من المربعات الصغيرة أو المرسومة في مستطيل مقسم إلى m×n (m<n) من المربعات الصغيرة؟ واستخدم الباحث الاستقراء لإيجاد العلاقات العامة لحل أسئلة البحث، كما استخدم الاستقراء الرياضي لبرهنة صحة النتائج. وتوصل الباحث إلى النتائج التالية:

1ـ عدد المربعات المرسومة في مربع مقسم إلى n×n من المربعات الصغيرة تساوي

n(n+1)(2n+1)/6

2ـ عدد المستطيلات (المربع مستطيل) المرسومة في مربع مقسم إلى n×n من المربعات الصغيرة تساوي

n^2(n+1)^2/4

3ـ عدد المستطيلات (طولها يختلف عن عرضها) المرسومة في مربع مقسم إلى n×n من المربعات الصغيرة تساوي

n(n^2-1)(3n+2)/12

4ـ عدد المربعات المرسومة في مستطيل مقسم إلى m×n (m<n) من المربعات الصغيرة يساوي

m(m+1)(3n-m+1)/6

5ـ عدد المستطيلات (المربع مستطيل) المرسومة في مستطيل مقسم إلى m×n (m<n) من المربعات الصغيرة يساوي

nm(n+1)(m+1)/4

6ـ عدد المستطيلات (طولها يختلف عن عرضها) المرسومة في مستطيل مقسم إلى m×n (m<n) من المربعات الصغيرة يساوي

m(m+1){3n(n-1)+2(m-1)}/12
الأحكام المنظمة للشفعة في القانون المدنى
Authors: Mohammed Nahla Ahmed Fawzi Ahmed
Published: October 2021

الشفعة كسبب من أسباب كسب الملكية، هي حق تملك العين المبيعة من مشتريها بنفس شروط البيع. وإذا كان للشفعة فائدة اقتصادية في تجميع ما تفرق من حق الملكية كضم حق الانتفاع أو إنهاء حالة الشيوع إلا أنها تمثل قيداً على حرية التملك والتصرف والتعاقد. إذ بموجبها يجد المشتري نفسه مجبرا عن التخلي على العقار الذي اشتراه كما يجد البائع نفسه طرفا في عقد مع شخص أخر غير الذي أبرم معه البيع، وفي ذات الوقت يجد الشفيع نفسه طرفاً في عقد لم يشترك في إبرامه ولم يناقش شروطه. ولأن الشفعة تعد قيد استثنائي على حرية التعاقد فقد أحاطها المشرع بمجموعة من القيود والإجراءات. إذ قصر الحق فيها على حالات محدده من ناحية، ووضع الضوابط اللازمة لاستعمال هذا الحق، وحدد الجزاءات المترتبة على مخالفتها من ناحية أخرى. ولأن الكثير يجهل إجراءات الشفعة مما يترتب عليه ضياع حقوقهم أضحت أرضاً خصبه لآراء الفقه وأحكام القضاء.
Komplikasi Ibu Hamil dengan Penyakit Jantung
Authors: Purwoko Purwoko
Published: October 2021

Penyebab kematian ibu hamil pada operasi non kardiak 25 – 50 % adalah komplikasi kardiovaskuler seperti infark, miokard, edema paru, gagal jantung, aritmia dan tromboemboli perioperatif. Prediktor risiko komplikasi kardiovaskuler pada maternal dan neonatal sangat penting dilakukan agar risiko kematian dapat ditekan semaksimal mungkin. Prediktor mortalitas pada maternal dengan penyakit jantung seperti atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), persisten ductus aeteiousus (PDA) dengan hipertensi pulmonal, ectopic beat, atrial ventrikuler yang tidak respon terapi, stenosis pulmonal berat dan prolap katub mitral. Tujuan anestesi pada kehamilan dan kelahiran spontan antara lain mengoptimalkan fungsi kardiovaskuler dan respirasi dengan memanipulasi hemodinamik sesuai target dan pemilihan teknik anestesi yang sesuai kondisi pasien. Prinsip dari manajemen anestesi adalah menjaga sirkulasi uteroplasenta dengan mencegah kompresi aorto cava, meminimalkan blok simpatis dan menjaga kecukupan cairan serta monitoring ketat pada ibu dan janin.
MEN KNOWLEDGE/AWARENESS LEVEL ON BIRTH PREPAREDNESS AND COMPLICATION READINESS IN MAGARINI SUB COUNTY
Authors: Chepkemboi Leila , Kombe Yeri , Makokha A.O.
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study sought to find out the knowledge/awareness level of men on birth preparedness and complication readiness in Magarini Sub County.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study sequential mixed methods design was used where a total of 464 men will be enrolled. Quantitative data was collected using semi structured questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect qualitative data.  Quantitative data was coded, and analyzed by SPSS software.  Qualitative data was analyzed using NVIVO software. Chi- square test was used to determine associations between categorical variables and Logistics regression was used to identify factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness. The associations between awareness and each independent variable were determined by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Thematic content analysis was applied for qualitative data analysis.

Findings: The result indicated that the odds of pregnancies resulting  in a baby that was born alive were 47.306 times higher for more than two pregnancies as compared to one pregnancy(Odds=47.306,p=0.000). The odds of pregnancies resulting  in a baby that was born alive were 16.25 times higher for one  pregnancies as compared to no  pregnancy(Odds=16.25,p=0.000).

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPACR) should be endorsed as an essential component of safe motherhood programs to reduce delays for care-seeking for obstetric emergencies and this has been proven to positively impact on birth outcomes

Keywords: knowledge/awareness level, birth preparedness, complication readiness, Magarini Sub County
EFECTO DEL PROGRAMA ESTRATEGIAS DE APRENDIZAJE EN LA COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA
Authors: Salinas-La-Torre Eddy Rosario , Barreto-Salinas Elizabeth Sonia , Ortiz-Cabrera Ana María , Zapata-Apolo Edgardo , Temoche-Quiroga José Wilfredo , Cruz-Cisneros Víctor Francisco
Published: October 2021

Hoy en día los docentes deben estar permanentemente actualizados para aplicar estrategias que permitan atender la diversidad, características individuales y grupales, al igual que las necesidades de aprendizaje de sus estudiantes. Entre ellas, estrategias para afianzar sus habilidades de fluidez y comprensión lectora. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar los efectos del programa estrategias de aprendizaje en la comprensión lectora en estudiantes de segundo grado de educación secundaria de la Institución Educativa “Túpac Amaru” de Tumbes -2020.El estudio se enmarca bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, empleando para ello el método de investigación analítico-deductivo, presentando un diseño no experimental, siendo del tipo de estudio de campo, con un nivel descriptivo. La población objeto de estudio, estuvo integrada por 141 estudiantes del segundo grado del nivel de Educación Secundaria de la I.E. “Túpac Amaru”, Tumbes - Perú. La muestra quedó conformada por 56 estudiantes, distribuidos en dos secciones de 28 participantes, los cuales integraron el Grupo Control y el Grupo Experimental. La técnica de recolección de datos empleada fue la encuesta y como instrumento se aplicó el test. Los resultados descriptivos mostraron en el postest del grupo control un predominio del nivel medio con un 67.86% y una prevalencia del nivel alto con el 75% en el grupo experimental; mientras que los resultados inferenciales revelaron una t de Student de 4,987 y una diferencia de medias de 2,679 con una Sig.= 0.000 < 0.05 comprobándose diferencias significativas entre los promedios de ambos grupos. Se concluye que la aplicación del programa estrategias de aprendizaje tiene efectos significativos en la comprensión lectora.
PSICOMOTRICIDAD VIVENCIAL: ESTRATEGIA PARA EL FORTALECIMIENTO DEL PENSAMIENTO MATEMÁTICO EN NIÑOS DE 05 AÑOS
Authors: Martino-Ortiz Luisa Socorro , Gutierrez-Ruiz Ivane Del Socorro , Morales-Yepes Jesús David , Álvarez-Castro Katia Yesenia , Velasco-Moreira Elsi Trexi
Published: October 2021

Las habilidades del pensamiento demandan ejercitarse a lo largo de todo el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, es por esto que, tanto para el educador como para el estudiante, es importante conocer estos procesos del pensamiento y saber cómo potenciarlos, sobretodo en el área de matemáticas, debido al grado de abstracción que requiere. Planteándose como objetivo establecer los beneficios de un programa de psicomotricidad vivencial para mejorar el nivel pensamiento matemático de los estudiantes de 5 años I.E 001 Piura. Para ello se empleó la metodología positivista, bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental del tipo de investigación de campo con un nivel descriptivo. La población y muestra estuvo integrada por 36 niños de 5 años, cursantes de educación inicial en la I.E. 001 para el año 2020. Las técnicas de recolección de datos empleadas en la investigación fueron la observación directa y la encuesta, siendo sus instrumentos la ficha de observación, la lista de cotejo y la prueba. La técnica de procesamiento de los datos utilizada fue el análisis estadístico-dialéctico. En conclusión, se trata de construir un espacio que involucre al niño, incluyendo materiales, herramientas y recursos humanos que favorezcan su pensamiento matemático y su comportamiento espontáneo.
JUEGOS DIDÁCTICOS Y DESARROLLO DE COMPETENCIAS MATEMÁTICAS EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA
Authors: Zapata-Velez Valery , López-Odar Gasdaly Azucena , Pintado-Sandoval Luis Alberto , Calle-Zurita Luis Enrique , Bizueta-Lozada Segunda Angelita
Published: October 2021

El rol del docente para impartir las matemáticas es de vital importancia, dado que de él dependerá el interés y agrado del estudiante por la materia, a través de las estrategias innovadoras y creativas que aplique y que generen una actitud positiva ante la misma, debido a que, por costumbre, prejuicio, o por predisposición siempre han tenido el rechazo por las matemáticas, generando frustración y ansiedad en algunos. En Perú, los resultados de las evaluaciones en Matemática, en el nivel primaria; tanto en el plano, internacional, nacional y regional; han reflejado un avance incipiente, faltando aún mucho por mejorar; es decir, debe brindarse más atención a dicha área, la cual se basa en el desarrollo de las competencias matemáticas por medio de la resolución de problemas matemáticos. En ese sentido, la presente investigación tuvo como fin, analizar el programa JUMAT para mejorar el desarrollo de competencias matemáticas en estudiantes de quinto grado de educación primaria de la I.E. N° 14646 del distrito de Morropón. Para dicho fin, el estudio se enmarcó en el paradigma positivista, con un enfoque cuantitativo, presentando un diseño no experimental, siendo una investigación de campo y de nivel descriptivo. La población y muestra la constituyeron los 90 estudiantes de quinto grado de Educación Primaria de la I.E. N° 14646. La técnica de recolección de datos fue el test o prueba no paramétrica, y como instrumento; la prueba.
The Effect of Coffee Consumption Behavior on Increased Blood Pressure
Authors: Kaptelova Karina , Pysanka Elena
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research is to establish whether or not coffee has an adverse impact on blood pressure. Analytic observation was used in this kind of study, which was carried out utilizing a cross-sectional methodology and analytic observation. The findings were similar with individuals who had never experienced hypertension. Also, the proportion of healthy individuals was greater. A research shows that coffee consumption raises blood pressure. The research comprised 42 people who drank coffee three times or more per day and had high blood pressure (80.7 of the time) The chi-square test revealed that coffee consumption raises blood pressure by p = 0.000
THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING AT KOMENDA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Authors: Arkorful Paul , Adam-Yawson Nana , Insaidoo Sylvester
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study explored the nature of guidance and counselling services available for the students in Komenda College of Education.

Methodology: The descriptive survey design was used for the study. A sample of 185 students consisting of 95 level 200 students and 90 level 300 students were sampled from the population. The major instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. Questionnaire was used because it is the most appropriate instrument that could be used to collect data on the variables for the study. Content-related evidence of validity was established for the instrument. The researchers personally administered the questionnaire.  The entry of quantitative data and analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

Findings: The results from the study showed that guidance and counselling services were vibrant and visible in Komenda College of Education. The study revealed that Seventy-five per cent (75%) of the respondents claimed that attitudes of Guidance and Counselling Coordinators and Tutors were very appropriate for counselling services. All types of guidance and counselling services were rendered in the college. The study further revealed that some students had negative attitudes towards accessing guidance and counselling services.

Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: The researchers therefore recommend that, school authorities should be provided with needed logistics for effective guidance and counselling services in schools and colleges. Also, there should be in-service trainings and refresher courses and seminars for guidance and counselling coordinators to up-date their skills in guidance and counselling. Finally, the Ghana Education Service should organise periodic educational programmes for both teachers and students on the role of guidance and counselling in schools and colleges.
EVALUATING EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING PROGRAMME IN K.E.E.A. MUNICIPALITY OF GHANA
Authors: Adam-Yawson Nana , Arkorful Paul , Oppong-Masu Asihene , Insaidoo Sylvester
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study intended to consider the patronage and effectiveness of guidance and counselling programmes offered to Junior High Schools (J.H.S.) students in the Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrem (KEEA) Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana.

Methodology:  The researchers used exploratory research design for the study. The researchers considered all the 105 Junior High Schools (J.H.S.) in the Municipality as the subject for the study. The researchers sampled 50 schools for data collection. They (researchers) administered questionnaire to the headmasters and teachers in-charge of guidance and counselling in the selected 50 Junior High Schools (JHSs) arriving at a total of 100 respondents. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaire. Data gathered were analysed in tables and converting them into percentages.

Findings: The findings revealed that, guidance and counselling services were available in the schools with qualified and experienced officers to handle issues as and when they happen. They also offer prompt response to such issues. It further came out that there were not even a single school in the Municipality, which had a place as an office earmarked for guidance and counselling services. There were also some interference from other teachers, parents and headmasters in the affairs of counselling which hampered the effectiveness of the guidance and counselling services. Some teachers too felt reluctant to report identified problems to the notice of the counselling coordinators.

Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: The researchers suggested that misconceptions that some teachers, parents and other stakeholders have about guidance and counselling services should be expunged from their minds. Finally, recommendations from the researchers were that, to improve the guidance and counselling services for junior high school students in KEEA Municipality there should be regular workshops and orientation for teachers who ate mandated to offer guidance and counselling services to students. Teachers should be made to understand that counselling is geared towards cooperation, teamwork and meant for all students and develop well in confidential setting. The researchers suggested that guidance and counselling services should be infused into the schools’ timetable like the assembly and worship.
Covert societal practices in linguistic choices of Pakistani editorials: Fairclough’s CDA model approach
Authors: Rafat Misbah
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Core concept of CDA revolves around the interdependency of description of language, interpretation of language and prevailing discursive practices in society. This study examines the role a language plays in formulating ideological subjective position of male and female in any contemporary society.

Methodology: The study applied Fairclough’s CDA model on the Pakistani editorials of two English newspapers in order to qualitatively analyze the linguistic choices and its placement in the text by focusing on other modalities of language such as adverbs, adjectives, metaphors and action verbs for unraveling the patriarchal practices of the society in which women are at the stake of more disadvantages than the men in COVID-19 pandemic situation.

Findings: Editorials showed remarkable use of differences in linguistic choices for depiction of powerful and powerless group. Findings showed the existence of hegemony in society where men dominates women by violating their basic rights. Abusive nature of men during the pandemic situation has transformed women's tendency to attend their work through online sources into a tiresome experience.  Linguistic choice and syntactic structure have brought forth the discourse type, situational context and societal practices at the surface level which in turns connect back to the role of society and culture in shaping the perception of editors in writing a piece of editorials.

Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: Two newspapers have adopted different stances in depicting a same issue which also reveals the hidden ideology of the press media in which they use implicit or explicit tone in delivering their ideas. This research can help in exploring new dimensions of Pakistani editorials’ language where different tone of language represent unique subject position of female and male in pandemic situation.
PHYSICIANS' COMPLIANCE WITH ANTI-MALARIAL TREATMENT GUIDELINES AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN ATTENDING SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS
Authors: Adamu A , Ango U , Oche M , Bello M , Ali M , Ibrahim I , Umar M , Abdulsalam N , Gora U , Isezuo K , Jiya F , Garba B , Hali B
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Rational use of drugs against most common and life‑threatening tropical diseases such as malaria remains a huge challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan African region. The correct use of antimalarial drugs is the key not only to therapeutic success but also to deterring the spread of drug resistance malaria.

Aims: To assess the physicians’ compliance with the national anti’-malaria treatment guidelines among Under five (U-5) years children in secondary health facilities in Sokoto metropolis.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted as an exit interview among 292 mothers/caregivers of febrile U-5 children with antimalarial prescription, that presented to the out-patient clinics of the selected secondary health facilities in Sokoto metropolis. Simple random sampling technique using balloting option was used to select 2 secondary Health facilities in the metropolis, Proportionate allocation was done to allocate study subjects to the selected Health facilities based on average weekly outpatient attendance. The data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to analysed data using IBM SPSS version 22.

Results: Of the 292 children, only 115(39.4%) had malaria parasite test requested by the physician, out of which 63(54.8) had microscopy, while 52(45.2) of the children had malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT).  One hundred and eighty-five (65.1%) of the children were treated presumptively with anti-malarial drugs. Artemisinin based Combination Therapy (ACT) was prescribed in 221(77.8%) of the under-fives. The commonest prescribed ACT was Artemether-Lumefantrine in 113(77.4%) of the children. Majority 263(92.6%) of the prescriptions were in brand names.

Recommendation: The physicians’ compliance with national malaria treatment guidelines using the proportion of U-5 children was suboptimal. There was over prescription of anti-malarial drugs, as majority of the patients treated for malaria had no laboratory evidence for the treatment. However, compliance with the use of ACT was good. This study shows also suboptimal compliance with WHO prescribing indicators with respect to prescription in generic names. Regular training of the health care providers by the government is recommended to improve adherence to antimalarial treatment guideline.
Challenges Affecting Health Referral Systems in Low-And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nakayuki Mildred , Basaza Annabella , Namatovu Hasifah
Published: October 2021

Aims: Low and middle-income countries are still facing challenges of dysfunctional referral systems which have impaired health service provision. This review aimed at investigating these challenges to understand their nature, cause, and the impacts they have on health service provision.

Methods: Database search was made in Google scholar, ACM Library, PubMed health, and BMC public health, and a total of 123 papers were generated. Only 14 fitted the inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria included studies that were both quantitative and qualitative addressing challenges facing referral systems or health referral systems, studies describing the barriers to effective referral systems, and studies describing factors that affect referral systems. The review only included studies conducted in LMICs and included literature between January 2010 and February 2021.

Findings: Results revealed that human resource and financial constraints, non-compliance, and communication are the key challenges affecting referral systems in LMICs.

Recommendation: Countries that are facing these challenges need to overhaul the system and improve end-to-end communication between hospitals, improve capacity specifically in referral and emergency units, and sensitizing patients on the adherence to emergency protocols.
Komil inson tarbiyasida oilaning o‘rni
Authors: Abdullayev Abdurauf
Published: October 2021

Ushbu maqolada bola tarbiyasida uning yetuk shaxs, komil inson bo‘lib yetishishida oilaning, oiladagi tarbiyaning o‘rni naqadar muhimligi to‘g‘risida fikrlar yuritilgan, turli manbaalardan misollar keltirilgan.  Oilada sog’lom muhitning yaratilishida ota-onaning o’rni, mahallaning, maktabning bola tarbiyasidagi ahamiyati  bayon etilgan.
Ўзбекистонда оналик ва болаликни муҳофаза қилишнинг ҳуқуқий асослари
Authors: Тоштемирова Нигора
Published: October 2021

Бугунги кунда мамлакатимизда ота-оналар ҳамда фарзандларнинг ҳуқуқ ва бурчлари Бош Қомусимизда ҳам алоҳида белгилаб қўйилган. Ўзбекистон Республикаси Конституциясининг 65-моддасида фарзандлар ота-оналарнинг насл-насабидан ва фуқаролик ҳолатидан қатъи назар, қонун олдида тенгдирлар. Оналик ва болалик давлат томонидан муҳофаза қилинади[1], дейилган. Бу соҳадаги халқаро стандартларни миллий қонунчиликка жорий қилиш ва қонунчиликни такомиллаштириш борасидаги ишлар давом эттирилмоқда.
Разработка научных основ подготовки спортивного резерва
Authors: Азимов Адахам , Азимова Майрам , Меликузиев Азизжон
Published: October 2021

В Узбекистане последовательно реализуются меры по созданию необходимых условий для популяризации физической культуры и спорта, здорового образа жизни среди населения, особенно молодежи, обеспечению достойного представления страны на международной спортивной арене. Современные педагогические технологии по-новому реализуют содержание обучения и обеспечивают достижение поставленных целей. Они способствуют большей индивидуализации учебного процесса, интенсификации обучения и воспитания, формированию и самоактуализации личности будущего специалиста.
Ўзбекистонда ХХ асрнинг 20-30 йилларида тиббиёт фанининг ривожланиши ва илмий мактаблар фаолияти
Authors: Мўминова Г.
Published: October 2021

Жамият ва давлат тараққиёти кўп жиҳатдан соҳаларда фаолият кўрсатаётган кадрларга боғлиқ бўлиб, улар муайян соҳасининг асосий таянч нуқталаридан биридир. Жумладан, ижтимоий ҳаётда тиббиёт кадрлари муҳим ўрин эгаллаб, улар зиммасига инсонлар саломатлигини сақлаш, касалланиб қолганларни даволашдек масъулиятли ва шарафли вазифа юкланади. Ўзбекистонда мазкур вазифаларни ҳал этиш мақсадида ўтган асрнинг 20-30 йилларида бир қанча илмий мактаблар фаолият кўрсатиб, улар тиббиёт фанини ҳам ривожланишида муҳим ўрин тутди.
El desarrollo de los derechos de la naturaleza en el derecho ambiental
Authors: Casazola Ccama Juan
Published: October 2021

Los efectos irreversibles producidos por el cambio climático y por el nivel sin precedentes de degradación ambiental no es natural es debido a la crisis del sistema de producción y consumo imperante, y del fracaso del derecho Estatal ambiental tradicional. La Naturaleza como sujeto de derechos ha comenzado a recibir atención en los últimos años, en algunas normas constitucionales, leyes ordinarias, y en sentencias judiciales. La riqueza de muchos de estos cambios legales está basada en la perspectiva integral del entendimiento de que, no es la Tierra la que pertenece al hombre; es el hombre el que pertenece a esta. Queda mucho por avanzar, como las reflexiones de los derechos de la naturaleza desde una relectura de la categoría ancestral de la Pachamama sujeto de derechos, propuesta que ha nacido desde las poblaciones originarias de América Latina, quienes participan poco en el nuevo diálogo del constitucionalismo andino. Este nuevo proceso requiere la inclusión de las diferentes formas de pensar, de sentir, de actuar, desde un enfoque de la ecología de saberes y la interculturalidad para mejorar la situación presente y crear colectivamente el futuro.
Penentuan Alternatif Alat Tangkap Ramah Lingkungan untuk Keberlanjutan Perikanan Tangkap di Kabupaten Kubu Raya
Authors: Atmajaya Onesimus Dhyas Dwi , Rosyadi  , Hisyam Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Perikanan Tangkap di Kabupaten Kubu Raya merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang sangat potensial di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Di Perairan Kubu Raya, potensi sumberdaya perairan terutama udang galah sangat besar. Pemanfaatan sumberdaya perairan di Kabupaten Kubu Raya dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan alat tangkap yang dapat dioperasikan baik di perairan umum maupun perairan terbuka. Meskipun demikian, Masalah perikanan yang dihadapi di Kabupaten Kubu Raya saat ini adalah masalah mengenai penggunaan alat tangkap yang kurang ramah lingkungan. Penggunaan pukat oleh nelayan merupakan ancaman bagi keberlanjutan sumberdaya perairan dan lingkungan. Penentuan Alternatif Alat Tangkap Ramah Lingkungan adalah cara untuk melestarikan keberlanjutan Perikanan Tangkap di Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan alat tangkap alternatif yang paling ramah lingkungan. Alat tangkap yang direkomendasikan untuk kegiatan penangkapan ikan di Kubu Raya yaitu gillnet, tramellnet, pancing dan bubu. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, alat tangkap gillnet merupakan alat tangkap yang paling direkomendasikan dari segala aspek.
Reduction of Spatially Correlated Speckle in Textured SAR Images
Authors: Rubel Oleksii , Lukin Vladimir , Krivenko Sergiy , Pavlikov Vladimir , Zhyla Simeon , Tserne Eduard
Published: October 2021

Synthetic aperture radars (SARs) provide a lot of images that can be used for numerous applications. A problem with acquired images is that they are corrupted by speckle which is a noise-like phenomenon with multiplicative nature. In addition, speckle is non-Gaussian and it is often spatially correlated. A typical task in SAR image processing is despeckling and many methods have been already proposed. However, most of them do not take noise spatial correlation into account during denoising. In this paper, we show how this can be done in despeckling based on discrete cosine transform. The use of frequency-dependent thresholds leads to sufficient improvement of denoising efficiency in terms of visual quality metrics. Moreover, we consider quite complex structure texture images for which noise removal is usually problematic and can lead to information loss. Comparison to the well-known local statistic Lee and Frost filters, extended DCT-based filter is carried out for different remote sensing systems including Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2.
Segmentation Analysis in Powdery Mildew Infested (Sphaerotheca Fuliginea) Cucumber Leaves
Authors: Morales García Rodrigo , De Alba Romenus Karim , Juárez Maldonado Antonio Juárez , Fraga-Almazan José Luis
Published: October 2021

In this document, we propose the recognition of powdery mildew in cucumber leaves based on image processing. Two cucumber cycles were established and infested with powdery mildew. As the disease developed, photos were taken to perform the analysis. Two hundred photographs were manually preprocessed eliminating the background and leaving only leaves infested with the disease. The images were segmented using three threshold binarization techniques: gray scale binarization, RGB binarization and K-means algorithm with initially located centroids. The results were compared between the different methods. The gray scale binarization as well as the RGB binarization allowed locating the disease based on a percentage of the lighter shades, although the latter method analyzes each one of the different color layers. The K-means algorithm identified groups with similar characteristics around provided centers. A false positive detection test was also performed with 25 previously processed photographs. The experimental results show that the proposed gray scale binarization method better results for the recognition of the disease than the other methods.
Generative Adversarial Neural Networks and Deep Learning: Successful Cases and Advanced Approaches
Authors: Striuk Oleksandr , Kondratenko Yuriy
Published: October 2021

Cross-domain artificial intelligence (AI) frameworks are the keys to amplify progress in science. Cutting edge deep learning methods offer novel opportunities for retrieving, optimizing, and improving different data types. AI techniques provide new ways for enhancing and polishing existing models that are used in applied sciences. New breakthroughs in generative adversarial neural networks (GANNs/GANs) and deep learning allow to drastically increase the quality of diverse graphic samples obtained with research equipment. All these innovative approaches can be compounded into a unified academic and technological pipeline that can radically elevate and accelerate scientific research and development. The authors analyze a number of successful cases of GAN and deep learning applications in applied scientific fields (including observational astronomy, health care, materials science, deep fakes, bioinformatics, and typography) and discuss advanced approaches for increasing GAN and DL efficiency in terms of performance calibration using modified data samples, algorithmic enhancements, and various hybrid methods of optimization.
Hybrid Maintainability Prediction using Soft Computing Techniques
Authors: Duhan Manju , Bhatia Pradeep Kumar
Published: October 2021

Effective software maintenance is a crucial factor to measure that can be achieved with the help of software metrics. In this paper, authors derived a new approach for measuring the maintainability of software based on hybrid metrics that takes advantages of both i.e. static metrics and dynamic metrics in an object-oriented environment whereas, dynamic metrics capture the run time features of object-oriented languages i.e. run time polymorphism, dynamic binding etc. which is not covered by static metrics. To achieve this, the authors proposed a model based on static and hybrid metrics to measure maintainability factor by using soft computing techniques and it is found that the proposed neuro-fuzzy model was trained well and predict adequate results with MAE 0.003 and RMSE 0.009 based on hybrid metrics. Additionally, the proposed model was validated on two test datasets and it is concluded that the proposed model performed well, based on hybrid metrics.
A Novel IoT Based Smart Energy Meter with Backup Battery
Authors: Yakubu Osman , Narendra Babu C. , Osei Adjei C.
Published: October 2021

Energy consumption is currently on the ascendency due to increased demand by domestic and industrial consumers. The quest to ensure that consumers manage their consumption and the utility companies also monitor consumers to manage energy demand and production resulted in smart energy meters which are able to transmit data automatically at certain intervals being introduced. These Smart Meters are still fraught with challenges as consumers are unable to effectively monitor their consumption and the meters are also expensive to deploy. This research aims to present a novel IoT based Smart Energy Meter that will gather consumption data in real time and transmit it to a cloud data repository for storage and analysis. The novelty of this inexpensive system is the introduction of an ADM25SC Single Phase DIN-RAIL Watt-hour Energy Meter which sends power to the microcontroller and also the introduction of a backup battery that keeps the meter on for some time to transmit outage data during power outages. Data gathered from the proposed IoT based Smart Energy Meter for a period is compared against that of the same period from a Smart G meter, a widely used energy meter, and is found to be very close confirming the accuracy of the IoT based Smart Energy Meter.