bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literacy, numeracy, and problem-solving skills of adults with disabilities in STEM fields
Authors: Kirksey J Jacob , Mansell Kristin , Lansford Teresa
Published: May 2023

To aid in the development of a globally competitive workforce, federal policymakers have expressed the priority of preparing students and adults with disabilities to succeed in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Yet, no research has examined the extent to which information-processing, literacy, numeracy, and problem-solving skills in technologically rich environments may associate with having a STEM degree for various disability populations. This study analyzed the United States nationally representative data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) to examine associations between adult skills and having a STEM degree for people with and without disabilities. No direct associations were found between adult skills and having a STEM degree for people with learning disabilities or for people without disabilities. These groups’ information processing, literacy, numeracy, and problem-solving skills were not determining factors in STEM degree attainment. However, findings suggest a significant association between problem-solving skills and having a STEM degree for people with visual and/or hearing impairments. Policy implications are discussed.
A Hierarchy of Learning Needs for Revolutionizing Inclusive Organizational Practices
Authors: Boutwell Katrina R. , Smith Tyrone D.
Published: May 2023

Problem

Despite organizations adopting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in organizational initiatives, discrimination, and unjust practices persist. Consequently, organizational environments where individuals feel safe and valued are critical not only to organizational effectiveness but for individual learning, growth, and development.

Solution

Inclusive leadership models that: (1) integrate organizational learning as the driver for social transformation at the individual, group, and broad organizational levels and (2) develop inclusive leaders who espouse pro-diversity beliefs, enact social change and envision a workplace that values human relations as a basic need for achieving the highest possible degree of human well-being.

Stakeholders

Organizational leaders, human resource development educators, researchers, scholars.
Multi-Level Influences of Smoke-Free Policies in Subsidized Housing: Applying the COM-B Model and Neighborhood Assessments to Inform Smoke-Free Policies
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Maya , Hartman-Filson Marlena , Vyas Priyanka , Katyal Toshali , Nguyen Tram , Handley Margaret A.
Published: May 2023

Smoke-free policies in multi-unit housing are associated with reduced exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS); however, attitudes toward comprehensive smoke-free policies among residents in subsidized multi-unit housing are unknown. In this mixed-methods study, we explored the socio-ecological context for tobacco and cannabis use and attitudes toward policies restricting indoor use of these products through interviews with residents ( N = 134) and staff ( N = 22) in 15 federally subsidized multi-unit housing in San Francisco, California. We conducted a geo-spatial and ethnographic environmental assessment by mapping alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco retail density using ArcGIS, and conducted systematic social observations of the neighborhood around each site for environmental cues to tobacco use. We used the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation behavior (COM-B) model to identify factors that might influence implementation of smoke-free policies in multi-unit housing. Knowledge and attitudes toward tobacco and cannabis use, social norms around smoking, neighborhood violence, and cannabis legalization were some of the social-ecological factors that influenced tobacco use. There was spatial variation in the availability of alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco stores around sites, which may have influenced residents’ ability to maintain smoke-free homes. Lack of skill on how to moderate indoor smoking (psychological capability), lack of safe neighborhoods (physical opportunity), and the stigma of smoking outdoors in multi-unit housing (motivation) were some of the barriers to adopting a smoke-free home. Interventions to increase adoption of smoke-free policies in multi-unit housing need to address the co-use of tobacco and cannabis and commercial and environmental determinants of tobacco use to facilitate smoke-free living.
Combining tissue clearing and Fluoro-Jade C labeling for neurotoxicity assessments
Authors: Gu Qiang , Sarkar Sumit , Raymick Bryan , Kanungo Jyotshna
Published: May 2023

Tissue clearing refers to laboratory methods that make tissue transparent by chemical means. This approach allows the labeling, visualization, and analysis of specific targets without cutting the tissue into sections, thereby maintaining three-dimensional architecture. More than two dozen tissue-clearing methods have been developed by different research teams to date. While tissue clearing has been successfully applied in several studies concerning basic science or diseases, little is known about the utilization of tissue clearing for neurotoxicity evaluation. In this study, several tissue-clearing methods were combined with Fluoro-Jade C (FJ-C), a standard marker of neurodegeneration. The results suggest that some but not all tissue-clearing media are compatible with the FJ-C fluorophore. By utilizing a neurotoxicity animal model, the results further suggest that FJ-C labeling can be combined with tissue clearing for neurotoxicity assessments. This approach has the potential to be expanded further by combining multicolor labeling of molecular targets involved in the development and/or mechanisms of neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration.
A primordial target: Mitochondria mediate both primary and collateral anesthetic effects of volatile anesthetics
Authors: Perouansky Misha , Johnson-Schlitz Dena , Sedensky Margaret M , Morgan Philip G
Published: May 2023

One of the unsolved mysteries of medicine is how do volatile anesthetics (VAs) cause a patient to reversibly lose consciousness. In addition, identifying mechanisms for the collateral effects of VAs, including anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity (AiN) and anesthetic preconditioning (AP), has proven challenging. Multiple classes of molecules (lipids, proteins, and water) have been considered as potential VA targets, but recently proteins have received the most attention. Studies targeting neuronal receptors or ion channels had limited success in identifying the critical targets of VAs mediating either the phenotype of “anesthesia” or their collateral effects. Recent studies in both nematodes and fruit flies may provide a paradigm shift by suggesting that mitochondria may harbor the upstream molecular switch activating both primary and collateral effects. The disruption of a specific step of electron transfer within the mitochondrion causes hypersensitivity to VAs, from nematodes to Drosophila and to humans, while also modulating the sensitivity to collateral effects. The downstream effects from mitochondrial inhibition are potentially legion, but inhibition of presynaptic neurotransmitter cycling appears to be specifically sensitive to the mitochondrial effects. These findings are perhaps of even broader interest since two recent reports indicate that mitochondrial damage may well underlie neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of VAs in the central nervous system (CNS). It is, therefore, important to understand how anesthetics interact with mitochondria to affect CNS function, not just for the desired facets of general anesthesia but also for significant collateral effects, both harmful and beneficial. A tantalizing possibility exists that both the primary (anesthesia) and secondary (AiN, AP) mechanisms may at least partially overlap in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC).
Expression of cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Cai Manbo , Wu Weijun , Deng Shengling , Yang Qiao , Wu Haibiao , Wang Haiyun , Zhang Jiaxing , Feng Qisheng , Shao Jianyong , Zeng Yixin , Li Jianjun
Published: May 2023

Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) acts as a key transmembrane protein that connects the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to microtubule dynamics. Researchers have not examined the roles of CKAP4 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The study aimed at evaluating the prognostic value and metastasis-regulating effect of CKAP4 in NPC. CKAP4 protein could be observed in 86.36% of 557 NPC specimens but not in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue. According to immunoblot assays, NPC cell lines presented high CKAP4 expression relative to NP69 immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Moreover, CKAP4 was highly expressed at the NPC tumor front and in matched liver, lung, and lymph node metastasis samples. Furthermore, high CKAP4 expression reported poor overall survival (OS) and presented a positive relevance to tumor (T) classification, recurrence, and metastasis. According to multivariate analysis, CKAP4 could independently and negatively predict patients’ prognosis. Stable knockdown of CKAP4 expression in NPC cells inhibited cell migration, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, CKAP4 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NPC cells. CKAP4 knockdown was followed by the downregulation of the interstitial marker vimentin, and upregulation of the epithelial marker E-cadherin. In NPC tissues, high CKAP4 expression exhibited a positive relevance to vimentin expression and a negative relevance to E-cadherin expression. In conclusion, CKAP4 is an independent predictor of NPC, and CKAP4 might contribute NPC progression and metastasis, which may be involved in EMT with vimentin and E-cadherin.
Imbalance of follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells/follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Sun Mingling , Wang Xiujuan , Zhang Ning , Wang Lei , Wang Xinyou , Fan Wenxia , Li Qinzhi , Liu Ying , Song Mengting , Guo Xinhong
Published: May 2023

This study is to investigate the role of follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells/follicular helper T (Tfh) cells imbalance in adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Totally, 40 cases of primary ITP patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Blood samples were collected from ITP patients (pre- and post-therapy) and controls. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Tfr and Tfh cells in peripheral blood. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of FOXP3, BCL-6, and BLIMP-1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to detect interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-21 levels. Spearman’s correlation was used for correlation analysis. Compared with control, Tfr cell proportion, FOXP3 mRNA, and IL-10 were significantly decreased in the pre-therapy ITP group, but were significantly increased post-therapy. Tfh cell proportion, BCL-6 mRNA, and IL-21 were increased, while BLIMP-1 mRNA was decreased, in the pre-therapy ITP group than the control group. These effects were reversed in the post-therapy ITP group. Moreover, the Tfr/Tfh ratio was decreased in the pre-therapy ITP group than control group, whereas was increased in the post-therapy ITP group than the pre-therapy ITP group. Furthermore, Tfr cell proportion, FOXP3 mRNA, IL-10, and Tfr/Tfh ratio were positively correlated with the platelet count (PLT) in the ITP pre-therapy group. In addition, Tfh cell proportion, BCL-6 mRNA, and IL-21 were negatively correlated with the PLT, while BLIMP-1 mRNA was positively correlated with the PLT. Conclusively, Tfr cell proportion in peripheral blood is decreased and Tfh cell proportion is increased, leading to unbalanced Tfr/Tfh ratio in ITP patients pre-therapy. The imbalance of Tfr/Tfh is recovered post-therapy, suggesting that the Tfr and Tfh cells may be involved in ITP pathogenesis. The abnormal expression of FOXP3, BCL-6, and BLIMP-1 mRNA and the changes in IL-10 and IL-21 levels may be related to the imbalance of Tfr/Tfh.
Cassava microfiber–reinforced gelatin scaffold holds promise for tissue engineering by exhibiting cytocompatibility with HEK 293 cells
Authors: Plange Portia Nana Adjoa , Aikins Anastasia Rosebud , Brobbey Kofi J , Kaufmann Elsie Effah
Published: May 2023

Cellulose fiber–reinforced composite scaffolds have recently become an interesting target for biomedical and tissue engineering (TE) applications. Cassava bagasse, a fibrous solid residue obtained after the extraction of cassava starch and soluble sugars, has been explored as a potential source of cellulose and has been successfully used to enhance the mechanical properties of gelatin scaffolds for TE purposes. This study assessed the cytocompatibility of the cassava microfiber–gelatin composite scaffold using human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) and a breast cancer cell line (MDA MB 231) under ISO 10993-5 standards. The viability of cells within the composite scaffold was analyzed through MTT assay. The growth of HEK 293, as well as the cell morphology, was not affected by the presence of cellulose within the composite, whereas the growth of breast cancer cells appeared to be inhibited with noticeable changes in cell morphology. These findings suggest that the presence of the cassava fiber in gelatin is not cytotoxic to HEK 293 cells. Thus, the composite is suitable for TE purposes when using normal cells. On the contrary, the presence of the fiber in gelatin elicited a cytotoxic effect in MDA MB 231 cells. Thus, the composite may not be considered for three-dimensional (3D) tumor cell studies requiring cancer cell growth. However, further studies are required to explore the use of the fiber from cassava bagasse for its anticancer cell properties, as observed in this study.
Development of a primate model to evaluate the effects of ketamine and surgical stress on the neonatal brain
Authors: Wang Cheng , Bhutta Adnan , Zhang Xuan , Liu Fang , Liu Shuliang , Latham Leah E , Talpos John C , Patterson Tucker A , Slikker William
Published: May 2023

With advances in pediatric and obstetric surgery, pediatric patients are subject to complex procedures under general anesthesia. The effects of anesthetic exposure on the developing brain may be confounded by several factors including pre-existing disorders and surgery-induced stress. Ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is routinely used as a pediatric general anesthetic. However, controversy remains about whether ketamine exposure may be neuroprotective or induce neuronal degeneration in the developing brain. Here, we report the effects of ketamine exposure on the neonatal nonhuman primate brain under surgical stress. Eight neonatal rhesus monkeys (postnatal days 5–7) were randomly assigned to each of two groups: Group A ( n = 4) received 2 mg/kg ketamine via intravenous bolus prior to surgery and a 0.5 mg/kg/h ketamine infusion during surgery in the presence of a standardized pediatric anesthetic regimen; Group B ( n = 4) received volumes of normal saline equivalent to those of ketamine given to Group A animals prior to and during surgery, also in the presence of a standardized pediatric anesthetic regimen. Under anesthesia, the surgery consisted of a thoracotomy followed by closing the pleural space and tissue in layers using standard surgical techniques. Vital signs were monitored to be within normal ranges throughout anesthesia. Elevated levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-8, IL-15, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β at 6 and 24 h after surgery were detected in ketamine-exposed animals. Fluoro-Jade C staining revealed significantly higher neuronal degeneration in the frontal cortex of ketamine-exposed animals, compared with control animals. Intravenous ketamine administration prior to and throughout surgery in a clinically relevant neonatal primate model appears to elevate cytokine levels and increase neuronal degeneration. Consistent with previous data on the effects of ketamine on the developing brain, the results from the current randomized controlled study in neonatal monkeys undergoing simulated surgery show that ketamine does not provide neuroprotective or anti-inflammatory effects.
Establishment of neural stem cells from fetal monkey brain for neurotoxicity testing
Authors: Latham Leah E , Dobrovolsky Vasily N , Liu Shuliang , Talpos John C , Hanig Joseph P , Slikker William , Wang Cheng , Liu Fang
Published: May 2023

Neurotoxicity assessments are generally performed using laboratory animals. However, as in vitro neurotoxicity models are continuously refined to reach adequate predicative concordance with in vivo responses, they are increasingly used for some endpoints of neurotoxicity. In this study, gestational day 80 fetal rhesus monkey brain tissue was obtained for neural stem cells (NSCs) isolation. Cells from the entire hippocampus were harvested, mechanically dissociated, and cultured for proliferation and differentiation. Immunocytochemical staining and biological assays demonstrated that the harvested hippocampal cells exhibited typical NSC phenotypes in vitro: (1) cells proliferated vigorously and expressed NSC markers nestin and sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) and (2) cells differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, as confirmed by positive staining with class III β-tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and galactocerebroside, respectively. The NSC produced detectable responses following neurotoxicant exposures (e.g. trimethyltin and 3-nitropropionic acid). Our results indicated that non-human primate NSCs may be a practical tool to study the biology of neural cells and to evaluate the neurotoxicity of chemicals in vitro, thereby providing data that are translatable to humans and may also reduce the number of animals needed for developmental neurotoxicological studies.
Motor Activated Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Potential Neuromodulation Approach for Post-Stroke Motor Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Badran Bashar W. , Peng Xiaolong , Baker-Vogel Brenna , Hutchison Scott , Finetto Patricia , Rishe Kelly , Fortune Andrew , Kitchens Ellen , O’Leary Georgia H. , Short Abigail , Finetto Christian , Woodbury Michelle L. , Kautz Steve
Published: May 2023

Background

Implanted vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), when synchronized with post-stroke motor rehabilitation improves conventional motor rehabilitation training. A non-invasive VNS method known as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerves stimulation (taVNS) has emerged, which may mimic the effects of implanted VNS.

Objective

To determine whether taVNS paired with motor rehabilitation improves post-stroke motor function, and whether synchronization with movement and amount of stimulation is critical to outcomes.

Methods

We developed a closed-loop taVNS system for motor rehabilitation called motor activated auricular vagus nerve stimulation (MAAVNS) and conducted a randomized, double-blind, pilot trial investigating the use of MAAVNS to improve upper limb function in 20 stroke survivors. Participants attended 12 rehabilitation sessions over 4-weeks, and were assigned to a group that received either MAAVNS or active unpaired taVNS concurrently with task-specific training. Motor assessments were conducted at baseline, and weekly during rehabilitation training. Stimulation pulses were counted for both groups.

Results

A total of 16 individuals completed the trial, and both MAAVNS (n = 9) and unpaired taVNS (n = 7) demonstrated improved Fugl-Meyer Assessment upper extremity scores (Mean ± SEM, MAAVNS: 5.00 ± 1.02, unpaired taVNS: 3.14 ± 0.63). MAAVNS demonstrated greater effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.63) compared to unpaired taVNS (Cohen’s d = 0.30). Furthermore, MAAVNS participants received significantly fewer stimulation pulses (Mean ± SEM, MAAVNS: 36 070 ± 3205) than the fixed 45 000 pulses unpaired taVNS participants received ( P < .05).

Conclusion

This trial suggests stimulation timing likely matters, and that pairing taVNS with movements may be superior to an unpaired approach. Additionally, MAAVNS effect size is comparable to that of the implanted VNS approach.
Prediction of fabric drape coefficient using simple measurement method
Authors: Kim Hyohyun , Kim Sungmin , Park Chang Kyu
Published: May 2023

A method for predicting the complex physical properties of fabric using a simple measurement method has been developed. For this, a correlation analysis was performed between the data measured by the traditional measurement method for the physical properties of fabric, KES-FB, and by the simple measurement method, CLO Fabric Kit, which showed a high correlation. Then, a multiple regression analysis was performed between the drape coefficient and the KES-FB complex factors to find a factor that had a major influence on the drape coefficient. From this result, a regression equation for estimating the drape coefficient has been obtained. Euclidean distance calculation was used to find the fabric from the database that is most similar to the measured sample, from which the drape coefficient was predicted. Finally, it was confirmed that there is no statistical difference between the actual drape coefficient and the predicted drape coefficient.
Emulsification of castor oil using poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) for functional finishing of cotton fabric
Authors: M Fahmy Hesham , Almetwally Alsaid Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Castor oil (CAO)/poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) hybrid was synthesized at different reaction conditions including PVP/CAO weight ratio, temperature, and time. The results indicated that the optimum conditions to synthesis that hybrid is reacting of PVP having a molecular weight of 40,000 Da with CAO at a weight ratio of 30% and temperature of 150°C for 60 min. The synthesized hybrid was characterized via FTIR. Emulsification of such hybrid in water results in a white stable emulsion. The TEM analysis proved that the prepared emulsion of a particle size ranges from 320 to 370 nm. The technical feasibility to apply the produced emulsion for functional finishing of cotton fabric was studied. The results obtained indicated that treating cotton fabric with easy care finishing bath containing the synthesized emulsion results in enhancement in nitrogen content, tensile strength, whiteness index, stiffness, and antibacterial activities along with a decreasing in resiliency, wettability, and surface roughness properties of treated fabric, compared to the control sample. Moreover, incorporation of zinc oxide nano-particles (ZnO-NPs) or dihydroxybenzophenone (DHBP) in the above mentioned finishing bath enhances the functional properties of the finished fabric. Furthermore, dyeing fabric samples with different reactive and direct dyes followed by finishing using the aforementioned finishing bath, in absence of ZnO-NPs and DHBP, gives rise to an enhancement in the color strength of such samples compared to the dyed samples. The fastness to washing and perspiration of only the direct dye dyed/finished sample was improved. Almost all the dyed/finished samples exhibited an improvement in their fastness to the wet rubbing and alkaline perspiration along with a reduction in fastness to light. In addition, the SEM, as well as EDX analysis of treated fabric, was investigated.
Experimental and numerical study on the dynamic response of aluminum alloy wood sandwich panels under high-velocity impact
Authors: Li Shusen , Zhang Yan
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the high-velocity impact response and failure modes of three-layer sandwich panels consisting of aluminum alloy sheets and plywood. The energy absorption mechanism and interaction between the plywood core and aluminum alloy panels were investigated by a high-velocity impact test. Different types of bullets were used in the impact test, and impact velocity parameters were obtained using a high-velocity camera to assess damage patterns. A full-scale finite element model was established to simulate the response mode of plywood sandwich under high-velocity impact. After the finite element model was verified by the experimental results, the energy absorption of the sandwich structure was further discussed. The results showed that the sandwich structure provided better protection than the double-layer structure. The analysis and predictions were in good agreement with the experimental results and numerical calculations. The experimental and numerical studies proposed in this paper are expected to provide new references and ideas for the design of multilayer structures with better impact resistance and lightweight characteristics.
Perceived facilitators and barriers to the provision of sexual and reproductive health services in response to the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon
Authors: Fouad Fouad M , Hashoush Mahmoud , Diab Jasmin Lilian , Nabulsi Dana , Bahr Sarah , Ibrahim Sarah , Farhat Theresa , Kobeissi Loulou
Published: May 2023

Background:

The Syrian crisis has resulted in one of the worst humanitarian disasters in modern history. Inadequate access to and use of sexual and reproductive health services is a prevailing issue among adolescent girls and young refugee women in humanitarian settings.

Objectives:

This article aimed to explore and describe the perceived extent of implementation of the different objectives and activities outlined within the minimum initial service package for reproductive health in crisis services in Lebanon, from the perspectives of a diverse set of stakeholders from leading organizations (public, private, primary health centers, nongovernmental organizations) that were directly engaged with the Syrian refugee crisis response.

Design:

This study is a cross-sectional survey conducted using a standardized and validated questionnaire.

Methods:

Centers that provided sexual and reproductive health services to Syrian refugees in Lebanon were mapped. The study was based on a purposive sampling approach, retrieving 52 eligible organizations to cover most areas in the country. A total of 43 centers accepted to take part in the study. The head of the center was then asked to identify one person in their center who holds adequate knowledge of the explained objectives of the survey. Accordingly, the identified person was asked to fill out the survey.

Results:

A considerable portion of the respondents had limited knowledge about the specific minimum initial service package objectives and related sexual and reproductive health services. The study found the presence of a leading reproductive health agency, the Lebanese MoPH, as an essential facilitating factor for sexual and reproductive health service provision in Lebanon and has helped in overseeing the overall sexual and reproductive health coordination response for Syrian refugees (76.74% of all respondents). The identified challenges impeding adequate sexual and reproductive health services provision for Syrian refugees included (1) insufficient supplies (46.51%); (2) insufficient funds (39.53%); and (3) shortage of staff (39.53%).

Conclusion:

The recommendations for improved sexual and reproductive health service provision include the need for (1) enforcing the lead minimum initial service package agency for adequate and effective coordination, reporting, and accountability and (2) increasing funding for training staff and healthcare workers, as well as improving the overall quality of services available with the inclusion of family planning services, purchasing the necessary commodities, supplies and equipment, and covering fees associated with the different sexual and reproductive health services.
“Yes, I can bond.” Reflections of autistic women’s mothering experiences in the early postpartum period
Authors: Donovan Jane , Chiatti Beth Desaretz , McKeever Amy , Bloch Joan Rosen , Gonzales Maureen Sullivan , Birati Yosefa
Published: May 2023

Background:

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting communication and social interaction. Much of the research regarding childbirth and motherhood is focused on non-autistic women. Autistic mothers may experience challenges communicating their needs to health care professionals and find aspects of the hospital environment distressing, indicating a need for more informed practice.

Objective:

To describe the experiences of autistic women bonding with their newborns after delivery in an acute care setting.

Design:

The study used a qualitative interpretative description design with data analysis using the method described by Knafl and Webster. The study explored the women’s childbirth experiences in the early postpartum period.

Method:

Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. The women were interviewed in a setting of their choosing and included in person meetings, meetings over Skype, over the telephone, or via Facebook messenger. Twenty-four women ages 29–65 years participated in the study. The women were from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. All women gave birth to a healthy term newborn in an acute care setting.

Results:

Three major themes emerged from the data: having difficulty communicating, feeling stressed in an uncertain environment, and being an autistic mother.

Conclusion:

The autistic mothers in the study expressed love and concern for their babies. Some women described needing more time to recover physically and emotionally before assuming care of the newborn. The stress of childbirth left them exhausted and the demands of caring for a newborn could be overwhelming for some women. Miscommunication during labor affected some of the women’s ability to trust the nurses caring for them and, in two cases, left the women feeling judged as mothers.
Perceptions of vaccine trust and conspiracy among those with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance: a cross-sectional study
Authors: ERİŞ Hüseyin , KARASU Fatma , AYAR Duygu
Published: May 2023

Background:

Individuals’ beliefs in conspiracy theories and anti-vaccination defense play a role in the rates of COVID-19 spread.

Purpose:

This study aims to determine the perception of trust in, and the perception of conspiracy theories regarding vaccines among those with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in a province in Turkey.

Methods:

This study was conducted with 1244 individuals who agreed to participate in the study in the province with the lowest vaccination rate in Turkey. The ‘Personal Information Form’ and the ‘COVID-19 Vaccine Perception and Attitude Scale’ were used to collect data.

Findings:

Those who were resistant to vaccines had a low mean score on the Perception of Trust and a high mean score on the Perception of Conspiracy. The variable of conspiracy perception had a significantly negative and high effect on the perception of trust.

Conclusion:

The participants were highly resistant to COVID-19 vaccines. Their perception level of trust in COVID-19 vaccines was moderate and their perception level of conspiracy was high.
Assessing Barriers and Adherence to Insulin Injection Technique in People With Diabetes: Development and Validation of New Assessment Tools
Authors: Ehrmann Dominic , Kulzer Bernhard , Wienbarg Inka , Sieber Jochen , Weber Siegfried , Haak Thomas , Hermanns Norbert
Published: May 2023

Background:

The correct injection technique is crucial for people with insulin therapy. However, barriers to insulin injections exist, which can lead to problems with injections. In addition, injection behavior may deviate from recommendations leading to lower adherence to the correct injection technique. We developed two scales to assess barriers and adherence to the correct technique.

Methods:

Two item pools were created to assess barriers to insulin injections (barriers scale) and adherence to the correct technique (adherence scale). In an evaluation study, participants completed the two newly created scales, as well as other questionnaires used for criterion validity. Exploratory factor analysis, correlational analysis, and receiver operating characteristics analysis were computed to analyze the validity of the scales.

Results:

A total of 313 people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes using an insulin pen for insulin injections participated. For the barriers scale, 12 items were selected achieving a reliability of 0.74. The factor analysis revealed three factors namely emotional, cognitive, and behavioral barriers. For the adherence scale, nine items were selected achieving a reliability of 0.78. Both scales showed significant associations with diabetes self-management, diabetes distress, diabetes acceptance, and diabetes empowerment. Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed significant area under the curves for both scales in classifying people with current skin irritations.

Conclusions:

Reliability and validity of the two scales assessing barriers and adherence to insulin injection technique were demonstrated. The two scales can be used in clinical practice to identify persons in need of education in insulin injection technique.
Athletic Fear Avoidance in Athletes Receiving Rehabilitation for Sport-Related Concussion: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Suzuki Shuhei , Mattson Carly L. , Obermeier Michael C. , Casanova Ann D. , Doda Ann K. , Sayles Layla A. , Custer Aimee M. , Chmielewski Terese L.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Fear avoidance after musculoskeletal injury is avoiding activity due to fear of pain and contributes to persistent symptoms, depression, and disability. Little is known about fear avoidance for sport (athletic fear avoidance) in athletes with sport-related concussion (SRC).

Hypothesis:

Athletic fear avoidance after SRC would be elevated at the start of rehabilitation, improve over time, and be associated with postconcussion recovery outcomes.

Study Design:

Observational study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

Athletes in rehabilitation after SRC participated. Testing at initial and discharge visits and 6-month follow-up included Athletic Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ), Postconcussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), Profile of Mood States (POMS), and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). Differences were explored in AFAQ score at initial testing based on sex or age (<18 or ≥18 years). Change in questionnaire scores over time was examined. Association of AFAQ score with other questionnaire scores was determined at each timepoint.

Results:

A total of 48 athletes participated: 28 completed initial testing only (INITIAL ONLY), and 20 completed all testing (LONGITUDINAL). Across cohorts, the mean (SD) AFAQ score at initial testing was 24.3 (7.6) points, with no significant difference by sex or age. AFAQ, PCSS, POMS, and DHI scores improved in LONGITUDINAL; the effect size was large from initial to discharge testing (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.2, respectively) and variable from discharge to follow-up testing (0.52, -0.34, -0.08, and 0.02, respectively). AFAQ scores increased from discharge to follow-up in 3 athletes and were consistently above the mean value in 2 athletes. AFAQ score was significantly correlated to the other questionnaire scores at each timepoint (range, r = 0.36-0.75).

Conclusion:

Athletic fear avoidance was elevated at the start of SRC rehabilitation, improved over time in most patients, and was associated with postconcussion symptoms, mood, and disability.

Clinical Relevance:

Athletic fear avoidance may impact recovery after SRC.
A Diagnosis of Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Increased Rates of Primary Patellar Instability and Need for Recurrent Surgical Stabilization
Authors: Chang Kenny , Albright J. Alex , Quinn Matthew , Khatri Surya , Zhao Leon , Byrne Rory A. , Daniels Alan H. , Owens Brett D.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Vitamin D has been proven experimentally to affect musculoskeletal health. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and patellar instability.

Hypothesis:

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of experiencing primary patellar instability and recurrent patellar dislocation after primary surgical stabilization.

Study Design:

Retrospective comparative study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

A 1:1 matched retrospective study of 328,011 patients diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency was performed using the PearlDiver database. Incidence of primary patellar instability was calculated according to sex and age. Rates of primary patellar instability and surgical stabilization for recurrent dislocation were calculated with sex- and age-specific stratifications. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the rates of primary injury and recurrent stabilization while controlling for demographics and medical comorbidities.

Results:

A total of 656,022 patients were analyzed. The overall 1-year incidence rate of patellar instability in patients with vitamin D deficiency was 82.6 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 73.2-92.9), compared with 48.5 (95% CI, 41.4-56.5) in the matched control. Women were significantly more likely to experience primary patellar instability within 1 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12-1.88) and 2 years (aOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07-1.59) of hypovitaminosis D diagnosis. Patients aged 10 to 25 years with hypovitaminosis D were at greater risk of requiring recurrent patellar stabilization for both men (aOR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.06-5.80) and women (aOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.04-3.02).

Conclusion:

Patients diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency experienced higher rates of primary patellar instability and have greater risk of requiring recurrent surgical stabilization for subsequent dislocations.

Clinical Relevance:

These results suggest that monitoring and proactively treating vitamin D deficiency in the physically active patient may lower the risk of suffering primary patellar instability or recurrence after surgical stabilization.
Factors for failure of ultrasound-guided compression repair for femoral pseudoaneurysms after neuroendovascular therapy
Authors: Hata Hidenobu , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Ishibashi Ryota , Kaneko Ryosuke , Fujiwara Toshio , Uezato Minami , Kinosada Masanori , Kurosaki Yoshitaka , Chin Masaki
Published: May 2023

Objective

Pseudoaneurysms are a serious complication of neuroendovascular therapy with femoral artery puncture, for which ultrasound-guided compression repair (UGCR) is often the first choice of radical therapy. We sought to retrospectively investigate the factors for failure of UGCR for pseudoaneurysm at the femoral artery puncture site.

Methods

Among patients undergoing neuroendovascular therapy with femoral artery puncture at our hospital between January 2018 and April 2021, those who received a diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm and underwent UGCR were enrolled. They were classified into two groups according to whether UGCR was successful (UGCR group) or was converted to surgical repair (SR group). Patient and procedural characteristics were compared between the two groups.

Results

During the study period, 577 patients underwent neuroendovascular therapy with femoral artery puncture, 10 of whom (1.7%) received a diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm and underwent UGCR. There were seven patients in the UGCR group and three patients in the SR group. The sheath diameter tended to be larger in the SR group than in the UGCR group ( p = 0.16). The modified Rankin scale score when a diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm was made was significantly lower in the SR group than in the UGCR group (1 [0–2] vs. 3 [2–5], p = 0.037).

Conclusions

Physical activity may be associated with failure of UGCR. In patients with high physical activity, the use of sedatives and analgesics to keep them at rest during puncture site compression after UGCR may lead to successful UGCR.
Recurrent pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation with intratumoral hemorrhage: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Chen Yu-Li , Tai Li-Hsin , Lieu Ann-Shung
Published: May 2023

Pineal apoplexy is a rare clinical condition. Its common symptoms include headaches, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, and gaze paralysis. These symptoms are mainly caused by obstructive hydrocephalus or direct compression of the cerebellum or midbrain. There have been no previous reports on the development of a recurrent pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) with intratumoral hemorrhage. We report a case of PPTID with intratumoral hemorrhage. A 44-year-old woman developed recurrent PPTID following tumor removal and ventriculoperitoneal shunting in 2010. She visited the emergency department in April 2021 for sudden-onset dizziness and generalized weakness. Blurring of vision occurred and progressed over the previous month. Neurological examination revealed upward conjugate gaze paralysis. Brain computed tomography revealed a hyperdense lesion in the pineal region, and a recurrent tumor with hemorrhage was suspected. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain confirmed a pineal tumor with intratumoral hemorrhage. The pineal tumor and hematoma were surgically removed via the suboccipital transtentorial approach. The patient was discharged from the hospital 2 weeks after the surgery. The pathological findings were consistent with the diagnosis of recurrent PPTID. PPTID is a rare tumor, accounting for less than 0.1% of primary central nervous system tumors. Pineal apoplexy is rare, and its incidence and clinical significance remain unclear. There have only been nine reported cases of pineal apoplexy, associated with pineal parenchymal tumors. The recurrence of PPTID with apoplectic hemorrhage after 10 years has not been reported. Despite its rarity, PPTID with apoplexy should be considered in patients with PPTID who develop sudden-onset neurological symptoms.
Exploring telehealth interventions to monitor rehabilitation in patients with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Bashir Ayisha Z
Published: May 2023

Peripheral artery disease is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis, and these patients often have claudication pain in the legs during activity. This leads to generally adopting an inactive lifestyle; hence, even small changes in physical activity could reduce the risk of an adverse cardiovascular event. For patients with peripheral artery disease compliance with non-invasive interventions like assistive devices and long-term exercise therapy is important for improved health outcomes. Benefits to patients can only be measured if patients with peripheral artery disease adhere to the intervention and barriers are identified with improved solutions. The effect of mobile health including pedometers and smartphone technological applications in motivating the patient to continue adhering to the intervention and persist in physical activity is a new venture to be explored.
Self-Placement in Math Courses at U.S. Community Colleges: Contributing Factors and Impacts on Student Success
Authors: Zhao Kai , Park-Gaghan Toby J. , Mokher Christine G. , Hu Shouping
Published: May 2023

Self-placement in math is becoming increasingly popular in community colleges in the U.S., where students will decide for themselves whether to enroll in non-credit developmental (or remedial) math courses. To fully understand the factors associated with students’ math enrollment choices and the long-term effects of initial math enrollment choices, we use data from all first-time-in-college students in the Florida College System to conduct a multinomial logistic regression analysis and an inverse-probability regression adjustment analysis. We find that most students chose to directly enroll in college-level math, with significant differences by gender and high school math preparation. First-year math enrollment choices were significantly associated with likelihood of passing college-level math and the number of college credits by the third year.
A Theoretical Examination of Homophily Beyond Focus Theory: Causes, Consequences, and New Directions
Authors: Au Anson
Published: May 2023

Scott Feld’s focus theory stimulated one of the most important traditions in the study of the concept of homophily in connection to individual action and network behavior across sociology and organizational studies. This article uses Feld’s focus theory as a starting point of reference to examine the major theoretical developments and empirical applications of homophily since his pioneering work. First, this article interrogates the causes of homophily by examining structured versus social psychological preference for similarity as two prominent explanatory mechanisms for homophily. Second, this article scopes out the consequences of homophily by examining the advantages and disadvantages of homophily for individual action and network behavior. Finally, building on the previous sections, this article proposes new areas for the study of homophily: deleterious psychosocial consequences of homophily, the role of multiplexity in causing homophily, and the disaggregation of homophily in general into different, nuanced (potentially interacting) types of homophily. This article thus contributes to the literature by offering a critical juncture to examine the key arguments that have guided the study of homophily since Feld’s focus theory and an important launching point for future research on the concept of homophily and its applications.
Paralysis by Inertia “Like” Habit in Social Networking Services: Tendency to Answer Loyalty Questions in Marketing Surveys
Authors: Kato Takumi
Published: May 2023

Factors affecting survey quality, such as questionnaire length, screen design, incentives for respondents, and answering devices have been extensively researched before. This study introduces a new dimension to the factors of response bias’ factors and focuses on the possibility that Like habits and motives in social networking services (SNS) may lower the psychological barrier to favorable reactions for brand loyalty (e.g., recommendation intention). Propensity score was applied to the results of Japanese smartphone users’ online survey, and the effect of Like habits on response tendencies was verified. Results show that compared to the group that did not use SNS, there were no differences with those who used true Likes, and a group of inertia Like has a high score—becoming clear that the psychological barriers differ depending on Like motive. If the SNS usage status of survey respondents fluctuates, the results may be biased and mistakes could occur in decision-making.
Public Perception of Political Opinion Polls and Their Influence on People’s Voting Behavior: The Case of Mwanza City Residents
Authors: Gasuku Samwel Mwita
Published: May 2023

This study focuses on the influence of public perceptions of political opinion polls on people’s voting behavior in Mwanza city and the role of Tanzanian media in creating awareness about political opinion polls. The study uses a descriptive paradigm and a qualitative case study design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select participants for key informants and focus group discussions. The study concludes that, although polling is a new phenomenon in Tanzania, the level of awareness of polls is high among Mwanza City residents and they hold a variety of positions regarding the accuracy of the polls. The study highlights why journalists need to be trained on how to report poll-related stories to avoid false conclusions because they have become a major source of news.