bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QueroQuiro – Empreendedorismo em Um Segmento da Saúde
Authors: Almeida Neto Mauricio de , Marcondes Reynaldo Cavalheiro
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: Apresentar o processo de aproveitamento de uma oportunidade no segmento de saúde por uma clínica de quiropraxia.Metodologia: Foi adotada a metodologia da solução de problemas e aproveitamento de oportunidades, por se tratar de trabalho aplicado à realidade de um negócio.Resultados: Rápido crescimento da demanda pelos serviços na área em 361,97% no faturamento e em 4,41% na margem de lucratividade, entre junho de 2018 e maio de 2019, por ter dobrado o número de atendimentos. Isso permitiu a expansão da clínica com a implantação de uma nova unidade no final desse período.   Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: A metodologia utilizada demonstrou ser suficientemente robusta e eficiente para tratar um tema prático de empreendedorismo, envolvendo questões concretas e complexas da realidade da empresa.Relevância/originalidade: Mostrar o desenvolvimento de um empreendimento bem-sucedido, apresentando como é possível dobrar o faturamento de um negócio utilizando uma metodologia com fundamentação científica que permite a replicação e tem validade por tratar com a realidade.Contribuições sociais/para a gestão: Está no fato de uma empresa iniciante no negócio da saúde ter dobrado o seu porte, ter gerado benefício para mais pessoas com necessidades de recuperação da saúde, resultando na expansão do quadro de pessoal com a contratação de mais profissionais e de apoio administrativo, além do reinvestimento na expansão do negócio. Aos gestores é importante enfatizar que negócios começam e expandem atendendo às necessidades dos clientes e entregando aquilo que eles efetivamente estão demandando.
Comparison of granulated and loose ash in fertilisation of Scots pine on peatland
Authors: Hytönen Jyrki , Hökkä Hannu
Published: March 2020

The effects of wood ash fertilisation on tree nutrition and growth on forested peatlands has been studied using loose ash, but in practice, ash fertilisation is done almost exclusively with granulated ash. In this study, the effects of granulated ash and loose ash (both 5 Mg ha) on the growth and nutrition of Scots pine ( L.) stands were compared between a nitrogen-poor and a nitrogen-rich site over 15 years. On the nitrogen-rich site, wood ash application was also compared with commercial PK fertilisation. On the nitrogen-rich site, mean stand volume growth increase over unfertilised control treatment during the 15 year study period using granulated ash and commercial PK fertiliser was of the same magnitude (on average, 2.2â2.3 m ha a). However, when loose ash was used growth increase over control was higher (3.7 m ha a). On the nitrogen-poor site, the mean growth increase gained by loose or granulated ash (1.4â1.5 m ha a) over the unfertilised control treatment was not significant. Fertilisation with loose ash or PK increased foliar P, K and B concentrations already in the first or second growing season, following fertilisation on both sites. Granulated ash increased foliar P concentrations on the nitrogen-rich site less than loose ash. After an initial increase, foliar P, K and B concentrations decreased at the end of study period. On the nitrogen-poor site, foliar P concentrations were below the deficiency limit by the end of the study period.â1Pinus sylvestris3â1â13â1â13â1â1
Mapeamento da vulnerabilidade à contaminação das águas subter-râneas do Sistema Aquífero Barreiras na Bacia no Rio Pirangi/RN utilizando os Métodos GOD, DRASTIC e IS
Authors: Silva Janaína Medeiros , Melo José Geraldo de , Diniz Filho José Braz
Published: March 2020

Este estudo objetiva realizar o mapeamento da vulnerabilidade natural e antrópica à contaminação do Sistema Aquífero Barreiras (SAB) na Bacia do Rio Pirangi aplicando os métodos GOD, DRASTIC e IS. A partir da análise e interpretação de 38 perfis litológicos de poços distribuídos na área de estudo e de dados cartográficos de trabalhos anteriores, foi realizado o mapeamento da profundidade ao lençol freático, grau de confinamento do aquífero, litologia da zona não saturada, recarga pluviométrica, material litológico do aquífero, tipo de solo, declividade, condutividade hidráulica e uso e ocupação do solo. O cruzamento das informações em sistema SIG foi feita através da ferramenta ‘álgebra de mapa’. De modo geral, o zoneamento da vulnerabilidade a partir do método GOD revelou maior restrição quanto ao uso e ocupação do solo frente aos métodos DRASTIC e IS, visto que foram identificados predominantemente setores de alta vulnerabilidade. Considerando as zonas de uso e ocupação do solo, identificou-se para a zona urbana índice de vulnerabilidade predominantemente baixo e intermediário através dos métodos GOD e DRASTIC e índice intermediário através do método IS. Nas zonas de desenvolvimento agrícola e no domínio de lagoas e dunas com pouca intervenção humana, determinou-se, através dos métodos DRASTIC e IS, índices de vulnerabilidade baixo e intermediário, enquanto pelo método GOD há predominância de alta vulnerabilidade. Diante do mapeamento de áreas mais sensíveis à contaminação do aquífero, recomenda-se adoção de medidas de controle ambiental mais efetivas, além da elaboração de bases cartográficas mais detalhadas e aquisição de dados mais aprofundados quanto ao uso e ocupação do solo e as fontes de contaminação.
The Role of Automatically Generated Chicago Classification in Delayed Achalasia Diagnosis
Authors: Averbukh Leon D. , Tadros Micheal
Published: March 2020

Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by a lack of peristalsis and an increased lower esophageal sphincter pressure that does not relax with swallowing. High-resolution manometry (HRM), a valuable diagnostic tool for esophageal disorders, often comes with software for automated study interpretation. Although helpful, there are certain caveats in the diagnostic criteria for achalasia which the software may miss. We highlight 2 patients in whom software analysis of HRM studies resulted in misdiagnosis of achalasia as manometrically detected nonachalasia esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction and emphasize the importance of manual interpretation of HRM data by clinicians.
Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent Used to Treat Malignant Esophageal Stricture
Authors: Mirchin Ryan B. , Mahmood Syed Kashif
Published: March 2020

Malignant esophageal strictures often require stent placement to alleviate dysphagia and improve quality of life. We present a novel application of a lumen-apposing metal stent to bypass a malignant esophageal stricture in the setting of altered gastric anatomy.
Disordered Gut Microbiota in Children Who Have Chronic Pancreatitis and Different Functional Gene Mutations
Authors: Wang Wei , Xiao Yuan , Wang Xinqiong , Zhou Yiran , Wang Ting , Xv Chundi , Shen Bai-Yong
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a serious condition whose pathogenic mechanism is unclear. Interactions of host genetic factors with gut microbiota have a role, but little is known, especially in children with CP (CCP), in which the external factors are less important. Our objective was to identify the main gut microbiota genera in CCP and to characterize the functional mutations of these patients.

METHODS:

We used 16S rRNA sequencing to compare the gut microbiota of healthy controls with patients who had CCP and different functional gene mutations.

RESULTS:

CCP is characterized by gut microbiota with remarkably reduced alpha diversity. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated that the abundances of 6 genera—Faecalibacterium, Subdoligranulum, Phascolarctobacterium, Bifidobacterium, Eubacerium, and Collinsella—were significantly decreased in CCP, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.92 when considering all 6 genera together. Functional analysis of gut microbiota in CCP indicated reduced ribosomal activity, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, but an enrichment of phosphotransferase system pathways. The abundance of Butyricicoccus was significantly decreased in CCP in the presence of CFTR mutations when combined with mutations in CASR, CTSB, SPINK1, and/or PRSS1. The abundance of Ruminococcaceae was significantly increased in CCP when there were mutations in CASR, CTSB, SPINK1, and/or PRSS1. Patients with CCP but no gene mutations had greater abundances of Veillonella and reduced abundances of Phascolarctobacterium.

DISCUSSION:

CCP is associated with a depletion of probiotic gut microbiota, and CCP patients with different functional gene mutations have different gut microbiota.
Application of Convolutional Neural Networks for Detection of Superficial Nonampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors in Esophagogastroduodenoscopic Images
Authors: Inoue Shuntaro , Shichijo Satoki , Aoyama Kazuharu , Kono Mitsuhiro , Fukuda Hiromu , Shimamoto Yusaku , Nakagawa Kentaro , Ohmori Masayasu , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Matsuno Kenshi , Iwatsubo Taro , Nakahira Hiroko , Matsuura Noriko , Maekawa Akira , Kanesaka Takashi , Yamamoto Sachiko , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Ishihara Ryu , Tada Tomohiro
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:

A superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumor (SNADET) is defined as a mucosal or submucosal sporadic tumor of the duodenum that does not arise from the papilla of Vater. SNADETs rarely metastasize to the lymph nodes, and most can be treated endoscopically. However, SNADETs are sometimes missed during esophagogastroduodenoscopic examination. In this study, we constructed a convolutional neural network (CNN) and evaluated its ability to detect SNADETs.

METHODS:

A deep CNN was pretrained and fine-tuned using a training data set of the endoscopic images of SNADETs (duodenal adenomas [N = 65] and high-grade dysplasias [HGDs] [N = 31] [total 531 images]). The CNN evaluated a separate set of images from 26 adenomas, 8 HGDs, and 681 normal tissue (total 1,080 images). The gold standard for both the training data set and test data set was a “true diagnosis” made by board-certified endoscopists and pathologists. A detected tumor was marked with a rectangular frame on the endoscopic image. If it overlapped at least a part of the “true tumor” diagnosed by board-certified endoscopists, the CNN was considered to have “detected” the SNADET.

RESULTS:

The trained CNN detected 94.7% (378 of 399) of SNADETs on an image basis (94% [280 of 298] of adenomas and 100% [101 of 101] of HGDs) and 100% on a tumor basis. The time needed for screening the 399 images containing SNADETs and all 1,080 images (including normal images) was 12 and 31 seconds, respectively.

DISCUSSION:

We used a novel algorithm to construct a CNN for detecting SNADETs in a short time.
Seabird Breeding Colonies in East and North Greenland: A Baseline
Authors: Boertmann David , Merkel Flemming , Gilg Olivier
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the results of a number of aircraft- and boat-based surveys for seabird breeding colonies in East and North Greenland carried out in the period 2003 to 2018 and gives the first comprehensive overview of the distribution and size of the seabird breeding colonies in this remote and mainly uninhabited region. Seventeen seabird species breed in approximately 800 sites distributed very unevenly along the coasts, with high concentrations at the polynyas and long stretches with very few breeding seabirds. Climate changes are in full progress in East and North Greenland, especially affecting the sea ice regime, and seabirds are expected to respond to these changes in different ways. For example, since the 1980s, Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) have extended their breeding range more than two latitudinal degrees towards the north, now reaching the northernmost land on Earth. Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) and Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) have immigrated, and Sabine’s Gulls (Xema sabini) have increased and extended their range. Besides presenting survey results, this report may also serve as a baseline for future studies of the abundance of breeding seabirds in East and North Greenland.
Urban Regimes in Russia’s Northern Cities: Testing a Concept in a New Environment
Authors: Laruelle Marlene
Published: March 2020

At a time when urbanization represents a major trend in human history and when the majority of the world’s population lives in an urban environment, the urban regime theory, developed by Clarence Stone in the 1980s, offers an insightful framework for discussing how urban stakeholders are compelled to work together to achieve their goals. While research on urban regimes has historically focused mainly on democratic contexts, this article argues that it is time to use urban regime theory in authoritarian or semi-authoritarian countries in order to better understand how urban politics develop. With growing urban activism and huge territorial contrasts, Russia offers a good case study for testing the notion of “urban regime.” This article focuses on three cities in Russia’s Far North—Murmansk, Norilsk, and Yakutsk—that face common sustainability challenges in Arctic or subarctic conditions; it delves into the mechanisms of their urban regimes and categorizes them by type: instrumental, organic, and symbolic.
Observations of Annual Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) Migrations in the Nearshore Waters of the Chukotka Peninsula from 1990 to 2012
Authors: Melnikov Vladimir V.
Published: March 2020

After the end of the commercial harvest, research regarding the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in Russia was reduced and focused on the observation of animals at land-based haul-outs. This paper presents the long-term observations of the distribution, relative abundance, and direction of seasonal movements of walruses in the offshore waters of the Chukotka Peninsula, based on data obtained in 1990 – 2012. Observations of Pacific walruses and other marine mammals were conducted mainly from April through November, but some were conducted all year round. In some years up to 30 Native Chukotkan observers were employed at this task. Some watched from observation posts in Native villages onshore, and others from motorboats during hunting trips. These observations have shown that walruses are rare in January and February in the nearshore waters of the Chukotka Peninsula. Their numbers begin to increase in March. The northward movement of walruses begins in April, and walruses migrate from the Bering Sea to the Chukchi Sea throughout the summer months and early autumn. Based on observations from posts located directly in front of the southern Bering Strait, I conclude that 106 – 1055 walruses pass through the Bering Strait from July to September, to the northwest and north. At the haul-outs in the Gulf of Anadyr, the relative number of walruses remains stable during the summer (up to 11 000 individuals at all haul-outs in total based on observers’ estimates) and decreases only with the appearance of ice in October – November.
Análisis del aprovechamiento sustentable de los residuos de la transformación de madera en dos municipios del Chocó (Colombia)
Authors: Asprilla Mosquera Deybi Brayan , Escobar Córdoba Jhoan David , Cañón Barriga Julio Eduardo , Aguilar Lemus Yesid , Maturana Guevara Juan Carlos
Published: March 2020

La presente investigación evaluó las posibles soluciones ambientales, sustentables a la problemática de los residuos de madera (biomasa residual), generados en los aserraderos y ebanisterías de los municipios de Quibdó y Riosucio en el departamento del Chocó. La evaluación se efectuó para tres usos: generación de energía alternativa, materiales aglomerados y fabricación de pélets de madera. Se identificaron 109 empresas en los dos municipios (95 en Quibdó y 14 en Riosucio), que generan 723,15 ton/año de residuos biomásicos en Quibdó y 591,42 ton/año de residuos en Riosucio. Se caracterizaron tres muestras de las especies forestales más utilizadas (Lechero, Guamillo y Jigua), y una cuarta muestra compuesta por una mezcla de estas especies, ya que las empresas no realizan separación en sus procesos de transformación. Las muestras presentaron poderes caloríficos de 13.013 kJ/kg, 15.334 kJ/kg, 13.452 kJ/kg y 15.345 kJ/kg respectivamente, siendo la mezcla la de mejor poder calorífico para propósitos de generación de energía. Como mecanismo de selección de alternativas se elaboró el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) con el software OpenLCA 1.6, usando los datos de Ecoinvent 3.3 (indicadores de impacto del IPCC 2013), a partir de los cuales se estimó que la elaboración de los pélets genera 298,94 kg CO2-eq GWP 20ª y 279,41 kg CO2-eq GWP 100 y el aprovechamiento energético de estos residuos genera 572,92 kg CO2-eq GWP 20ª y 559,35 kg CO2-eq GWP. La elaboración de los aglomerados no se consideró viable debido a la cantidad de procesos requeridos para producirlos, además del costo de la maquinaria y de las condiciones climáticas de la región (humedad y precipitación) las cuales deterioran el producto.
Краткие русскоязычные шкалы диагностики субъективного благополучия: психометрические характеристики и сравнительный анализ
Authors: Осин Евгений Николаевич , Леонтьев Дмитрий Алексеевич
Published: March 2020

В статье дан краткий обзор основных возможностей и ограничений модели субъективного благополучия Э. Динера, а также существующих русскоязычных методик для измерения различных характеристик благополучия. Представлены два исследования, посвященных русскоязычной валидизации популярных инструментов для измерения благополучия. В первом исследовании изучаются психометрические характеристики Шкалы субъективного счастья С. Любомирски и Шкалы удовлетворенности жизнью Э. Динера на большой выборке взрослых, представителей различных социальных групп (N=7091). Оба русскоязычных инструмента демонстрируют теоретически ожидаемую структуру, высокую надежность и предсказуемые связи с другими индикаторами субъективного благополучия, конструктивного мышления и позитивного функционирования. Во втором исследовании на выборке онлайн-панели (N=1021), стратифицированной по федеральным округам России, изучена валидность опросника «Спектр психологического благополучия» К. Киза, включающего шкалы эмоционального, социального и психологического благополучия. Изучены связи его показателей с другими индикаторами субъективного благополучия и качества жизни. Результаты свидетельствуют о структурной валидности и высокой надежности показателей методики. В приложении представлен стимульный материал методик, которые могут быть использованы в рамках мониторинговых исследований благополучия на русскоязычных выборках.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 18-18-00341.
Межстрановые различия в уровне счастья в постсоветских странах — сравнительный анализ
Authors: Андреенкова Анна Владимировна
Published: March 2020

Межстрановые различия в субъективной оценке счастья в странах бывшего СССР (от 63% в Молдове до 96% в Узбекистане) уже более двадцати лет остаются довольно значительными, и объяснить их с помощью традиционной линейной социально-экономической модели не удается. Результаты четырех трендовых сравнительных исследований, включающих постсоветские страны (WVS, EVS, ISSP, ESS), показали, что на постсоветском пространстве образовались два кластера с разным механизмом формирования оценок счастья. В одном кластере, куда входят страны Средней Азии, Азербайджан и Армения, основное влияние на оценку счастья оказывают национально-культурные факторы, что в результате ведет к общему высокому уровню оценок, их низкой дифференцированности среди населения и слабой связи оценок счастья с реальными экономическими показателями и другими факторами уровня и качества жизни. В другой кластер входят страны восточноевропейской части региона и Грузия, где основную роль в объяснении межстрановых различий играют факторы социально-экономической среды — уровень экономического развития, свободы от коррупции, развития демократии и человеческого капитала. Таким образом, межстрановые различия в субъективной оценке счастья в постсоветском регионе в значительной степени объясняются различиями в факторах и механизмах формирования таких оценок в разных странах.

Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках работы над грантом Российского научного фонда № 18-18-00341 «Ценностная трансформация и субъективное качество жизни: региональная перспектива».
Субъективное благополучие и доверие в контексте психологической безопасности в современной России и других европейских странах
Authors: Зеленев Илья Александрович , Прохода Владимир Анатольевич
Published: March 2020

В русле междисциплинарного подхода в статье обосновывается и иллюстрируется целесообразность использования интегративной характеристики «психологическая безопасность» для оценки макросоциальной ситуации в стране или регионе. Эмпирическая основа статьи — результаты обработки некоторых данных проекта European Values Study (EVS). Страны и федеральные округа РФ совместно ранжированы по следующим показателям: субъективное благополучие населения, обобщенное доверие, институциональное доверие, психологическая безопасность. Судя по полученным результатам, уровень субъективного благополучия россиян в сравнении с жителями остальных стран — участниц EVS — чрезвычайно низкий. Ниже показатель только в Болгарии. На противоположном «полюсе» — Швейцария, Исландия и Норвегия. Россию, к сожалению, нельзя отнести и к числу государств с высоким уровнем генерализованного доверия. Его показатель минимальный из 30 стран — в Албании, а максимальный — в Дании. По европейским меркам, в России — средний уровень институционального доверия. Наименьший он в Болгарии, а самый высокий — в Норвегии. Из общего числа стран — участниц проекта в семи уровень психологической безопасности ниже, чем в России. Самое неблагоприятное положение — в Болгарии и Албании, наиболее благоприятное — в Финляндии и Норвегии. Выявлены лидеры и аутсайдеры среди российских федеральных округов. Определены сильные и слабые компоненты психологической безопасности в нашей стране.
По-прежнему суперженщина? Как женщины-ученые из бывшего СССР совмещают работу и семейную жизнь за границей
Authors: Антощук Ирина Александровна , Гевиннер Ирина
Published: March 2020

Начиная с 1930-х гг. в Советском Союзе господствовал гендерный контракт «работающей матери», формально расширявший права и возможности женщин. Необходимость совмещать работу по найму, материнство и домашние обязанности привела к формированию образа суперженщины, которая успевает все. В нашей статье мы задаемся вопросом: насколько высококвалифицированные русскоязычные женщины продолжают придерживаться этого культурного идеала, когда стремятся сбалансировать семью и работу после миграции в Великобританию и Германию? На основе качественных интервью с 22 женщинами-учеными мы разработали типологию стратегий совмещения профессиональной и личной жизни. Мы анализируем, какой вклад в достижение баланса между работой и материнством вносят ролевые партнеры и какие последствия это имеет для благополучия женщин. Более того, наше исследование предлагает феминистский подход к анализу баланса семьи и работы, уделяя первоочередное внимание мнению самих женщин, подчеркивая исключительную личную и социальную ценность материнства, детей и семейных отношений, в то же время отмечая возрастающие трудности при реализации этих жизненных приоритетов.
Обзор книги «Генетика психологического благополучия: роль наследственности и генетики в позитивной психологии»
Authors: Балова Александра Алексеевна
Published: March 2020

Рецензия содержит основные идеи и выводы из книги «Генетика психологического благополучия: роль наследственности и генетики в позитивной психологии». В тексте кратко освещаются существующие на данный момент достижения ученых в изучении наследуемости психологического благополучия, то есть генетических факторов, влияющих на счастье и позитивную эмоциональность человека. Книга знакомит читателя с результатами исследований, проведенных с использованием методов психогенетики и молекулярной генетики, а также научными проблемами в этой области и направлениями для будущих исследований.
Phrase growth strategy in the European Union: Tax discrimination ended - foreign direct investors left
Authors: Ayvaz Güven Emine Türkan
Published: March 2020

In this study, the relationship between average economic growth (GDP) and average foreign direct investments of Belgium, Ireland, Luxembourg and Netherlands countries was investigated by using time series analysis and annual data of 2005-2018 period. Because, it was observed that these countries managed to attract foreign investments in different amounts to their countries by using the legal gaps in the European Union (EU) in this period and to continue their economic growth positively. These countries have also used the sovereign fields of other union member countries to reach the target, as well as their own geography. However, this method, which is claimed to be growth-oriented, has started to be discussed since 2013 and the activities regarding tax regulations have been examined by the European Commission. The argument that needs to be put forward today is whether these countries, which have been taken under surveillance by the European Commission, have gained foreign direct investment through non-legal means, which can be considered illegal in the last five years, and continue to contribute to their economic growth. It is beneficial to shed light on economic history with Regression and Granger Causality Analysis for the last fourteen years.

​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.

Özet

 

Bu çalışmada, Belçika, İrlanda, Lüksemburg ve Hollanda ülkelerine ait, ortalama ekonomik büyüme (GSYİH) ve ortalama doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar (DYY) arasındaki ilişki, zaman serisi analiziyle, 2005-2018 dönemi yıllık verileri kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Çünkü bu ülkelerin söz konusu dönemde Avrupa Birliği (AB) nezdindeki yasal boşlukları kullanmak suretiyle diğer üye ülkelere nazaran çok daha farklı tutarlarda yabancı yatırımı ülkelerine çekmeyi ve buna bağlı olarak da ekonomik büyümelerini pozitif yönlü sürdürebilmeyi başardıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Bahsedilen bu ülkeler aynı zamanda kendi coğrafyaları olduğu kadar, hedefe ulaşabilmek için diğer birlik üyesi ülkelerin egemenlik sahalarını da kullanmıştır. Ancak, büyüme odaklı olduğu iddia edilen bu yöntem 2013 yılından itibaren tartışılmaya başlamış ve Avrupa Birliği Komisyonu tarafından vergi düzenlemelerine ilişkin faaliyetler incelemeye alınmıştır. Günümüzde ortaya konulması gereken sav ise, Avrupa Birliği Komisyonu tarafından gözetim altına alınmış olan bu ülkelerin son beş yıllık süreçte illegal sayılabilecek yasal düzenleme dışı yollarla doğrudan yabancı yatırım elde edip, ekonomik büyümelerine katkı yapamaya devam edip etmedikleridir. Son on dört yıllık iktisadi maziye Regresyon ve Granger Nedensellik Analizleriyle ışık tutmakta büyük fayda bulunmaktadır.
A Contrastive Study of English and Igala Segmental Phonemes: Implications for ESL Teachers and Learners
Authors: Unubi Abraham Sunday
Published: March 2020

This paper investigated a contrastive study of English and Igala segmental phonemes: implications for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and learners. A contrastive analysis is a linguistic tool used in comparing two unrelated languages, and the main objective of it is to bring out the differences in the two languages compared with a view to emphasising on the effects which such differences have on both EFL teachers and learners. This research appealed only to the secondary sources of data, which included the orthographies of both languages under study. The Igala orthography was obtained from the department of Igala Language and Culture, Kogi State College of Education Ankpa, in addition to other material in Igala. The consonant and vowel phonemes of the two languages were placed contiguously in a tabular form and given appropriate heading to be able to observe their level of differences and similarities easily. Then words in which these phonemes occur in the Igala language were supplied and the phonemes indicated. Some of the findings of this research revealed the following: (i) that the consonant phonemes such as /ð/, /θ/, /s/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /v/ and /z/, and the vowel phonemes /ǝ/ and /ʌ/, which are present in English are however absent in Igala, just as  /kp/, /gb/, /ny/, /kw/, /gw/ and /nw/ that are present in Igala are absent in English; (ii) English has twelve pure vowels (monophthongs) and eight diphthongs, while Igala has fourteen monophthongs and eleven diphthongs; (iii) that these differences have posed certain teaching and learning difficulties to both EFL teachers and learners who are native speakers of the Igala language; and (iv) that while English has twenty-four consonant phonemes, Igala has twenty-three.
A Remanufacturing Duopoly Game Based on a Piecewise Nonlinear Map: Analysis and Investigations
Authors: Askar S. S. , Al-khedhairi A.
Published: March 2020

A remanufacturing Cournot duopoly game is introduced based on a nonlinear utility function in this paper. What we mean by remanufacturing here is that the second firm in this game receives used products and remanufacture them and then sell them again in the market. The bounded rationality mechanism is used to form a piecewise system that describes this game in discrete time periods. This piecewise system depends on five parameters and is defined on two regions separated by a border curve. The fixed points of this system in each region are calculated and their stability is discussed. Numerical simulations for this system exhibit the occurrence of different types of multiple attractors. We also give examples of different stable periodic cycles and chaotic attractors that are separated by the border curve or passing through it.
Deflation and tensor induction on the Frobenius–Wielandt morphism
Authors: Romero Nadia
Published: March 2020

We explore conditions for the Frobenius–Wielandt morphism to commute with the operations of deflation and tensor induction on the Burnside ring.
In doing this, we review the commutativity with induction.
The techniques used for induction and tensor induction no longer work for deflation, so, in this case, we make use of tools coming from the theory of biset functors.
Existence of optimal controls for systems of controlled forward-backward doubly SDEs
Authors: Ninouh Abdelhakim , Gherbal Boulakhras , Berrouis Nassima
Published: March 2020

We wish to study a class of optimal controls for problems governed by forward-backward doubly stochastic differential equations (FBDSDEs). Firstly, we prove existence of optimal relaxed controls, which are measure-valued processes for nonlinear FBDSDEs, by using some tightness properties and weak convergence techniques on the space of Skorokhod{\mathbb{D}}equipped with theS-topology of Jakubowski. Moreover, when the Roxin-type convexity condition is fulfilled, we prove that the optimal relaxed control is in fact strict. Secondly, we prove the existence of a strong optimal controls for a linear forward-backward doubly SDEs. Furthermore, we establish necessary as well as sufficient optimality conditions for a control problem of this kind of systems. This is the first theorem of existence of optimal controls that covers the forward-backward doubly systems.
Shunting Inhibition Improves Synchronization in Heterogeneous Inhibitory Interneuronal Networks with Type 1 Excitability Whereas Hyperpolarizing Inhibition Is Better for Type 2 Excitability
Authors: Tikidji-Hamburyan Ruben A. , Canavier Carmen C.
Published: March 2020

All-to-all homogeneous networks of inhibitory neurons synchronize completely under the right conditions; however, many modeling studies have shown that biological levels of heterogeneity disrupt synchrony. Our fundamental scientific question is “how can neurons maintain partial synchrony in the presence of heterogeneity and noise?” A particular subset of strongly interconnected interneurons, the PV+ fast-spiking (FS) basket neurons, are strongly implicated in γ oscillations and in phase locking of nested γ oscillations to theta. Their excitability type apparently varies between brain regions: in CA1 and the dentate gyrus they have type 1 excitability, meaning that they can fire arbitrarily slowly, whereas in the striatum and cortex they have type 2 excitability, meaning that there is a frequency thresh old below which they cannot sustain repetitive firing. We constrained the models to study the effect of excitability type (more precisely bifurcation type) in isolation from all other factors. We use sparsely connected, heterogeneous, noisy networks with synaptic delays to show that synchronization properties, namely the resistance to suppression and the strength of theta phase to γ amplitude coupling, are strongly dependent on the pairing of excitability type with the type of inhibition. Shunting inhibition performs better for type 1 and hyperpolarizing inhibition for type 2. γ Oscillations and their nesting within theta oscillations are thought to subserve cognitive functions like memory encoding and recall; therefore, it is important to understand the contribution of intrinsic properties to these rhythms.
Analysis of Development Inequality in Kedungsepur Area
Authors: Didia Khoir Akfini
Published: March 2020

The development’s problem faced in Indonesia time by time is inequality as a result from failure of the centralistic system which affected the widening of the gap between rich and poor, urban biased development, imbalance between economic sectors and regional inequality. This study aims to analyze what factors are affect on development inequality in Kedungsepur area and to know did convergence happen in Kedungsepur area. This study uses secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency of Central Java Province and Regional Investment Agency of Central Java Province from 2008 to 2013. The variables of this study are investment, human development index, labor force participation rate, and population. In this study, we used quantitative study methods by using multiple linear regression analysis with Ordinary Least Square method (OLS). The results of this study note that investment did not affect significantly on inequality of Kedungsepur area, HDI affects significantly on inequality of Kedungsepur area, labor force participation rate did not affect significantly on inequality of Kedungsepur area, and population affects significantly on inequality of Kedungsepur area and then there is convergence process in Kedungsepur area
Analisis Mekanisme Transmisi Kebijakan Moneter Jalur Ekspektasi dalam Mempengaruhi Inflasi di Indonesia
Authors: Janah Ilma Ulfatul , Pujiati Amin
Published: March 2020

Tujuan dari Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui alur dari mekanisme transmisi kebijakan moneter jalur ekspektasi dalam mempengaruhi inflasi di Indonesia, pengaruh jangka panjang dan jangka pendek serta guncangan variabel suku bunga, nilai tukar, ekspektasi inflasi, output gap dan PDB terhadap inflasi di Indonesia.  Variabel yang digunakan adalah BI Rate, Nilai Tukar, Ekspektasi Inflasi, Output Gap, PDB dan Inflasi. Data yang digunakan adalah data bulanan deret waktu dari Januari 2006-Juni 2016 yang bersumber dari Bank Indonesia dan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dengan menggunakan alat analisis Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa alur mekanisme transmisi kebijakan moneter jalur ekspektasi dalam mempengaruhi inflasi di Indonesia berjalan berkesinambungan dengan ditunjukan adanya hubungan dua arah antara variabel nilai tukar dan inflasi. Pada jangka pendek variabel BI Rate, Nilai Tukar dan Output Gap signifikan dan berpengaruh positif terhadap inflasi,  variabel ekspektasi inflasi signifikan dan berpengaruh terhadap inflasi dan variabel PDB tidak signifikan terhadap inflasi di Indonesia, sedangkan dalam jangka Panjang variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap laju inflasi hanya BI Rate dan ekspektasi inflasi.

The purpose of this research is to analyze and know the flow of monetary policy transmission mechanism of expectation line in influencing inflation in Indonesia, to analyze and to know the influence of long-term and short-term and the shocks of interest rate, exchange rate, inflation expectations, output gap and GDP on inflation in Indonesia. The variables used in this research are BI Rate, Exchange Rate, Inflation Expectation, Output Gap, GDP and Inflation. The data used in this research is monthly data of time series from January 2006 until June 2016 which come from Bank Indonesia (BI) and Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). The method used in this research is Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The result of research indicates that: The flow of monetary policy transmission mechanism of expectation line in influencing inflation in Indonesia runs continuously with indicated the existence of two-way relationship between exchange rate and inflation variable, in the short term, the BI Rate, Exchange Rate and Output Gap are significant and positively affect inflation, inflation expectation variables are significant and affect inflation and GDP variable is insignificant to inflation in Indonesia, while in long run variable affecting inflation rate Only the BI Rate and inflation expectations.
Village Fund Transfer and Rural Poverty in Indonesia
Authors: Arham Muhammad Amir , Payu Boby Rantow
Published: March 2020

The model of government policy has been somewhat over-oriented to the efficiency (development); this is especially in the urban areas. As a result, rural areas are left behind and the urbanization rates are continuously growing since the life supports in a city are more varied rather than the homogenous supports in a village. This results in inequality and the poverty within the village. To resolve this problem, the government has constituted the Regulation No. 6 of 2014 Considering Rural Areas in advancing the development of rural areas. The objective of this present study is to find out the effectiveness of the transfer of village funds in solving the issue of poverty in all villages within all the provinces in Indonesia during the period of the implementation of the program. Furthermore, this research was conducted by using econometric method through the equation of panel data in 2015 to 2016 in 33 provinces. The result reveals that the transfer of village funds is not significant in alleviating the issue of poverty in rural areas. By that, it is recommended to increase the amount of the fund of the program to reduce the rate of poverty in all villages in Indonesia.
The Effectiveness of Arrangement Modern Stores Minimarket Policy
Authors: Maghfira Vanessa Putri
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out effectiveness of policy Law No.1 of 2014 on the Arrangement of Modern Minimarket in Semarang City and to know the supporting factors and inhibiting factors of the policy. The research method used in this research is using descriptive method percentage. The result of the research shows that policy of Law No.1 of 2014 about setup of Modern Minimarket arrangement in Semarang City is not yet effective with target that has been set. Supporting factors in this policy is the minimarket workforce comes from the local orkforce and the distance between the minimarket and traditional market already 500m. while the inhibiting factor in this policy there are still many minimarkets operating that are not in accordance with the rules that have been set.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas kebijakan UU No.1 tahun 2014 tentang Pengaturan Pasar Minimarket Modern di Kota Semarang dan untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat kebijakan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode deskriptif persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan UU No.1 tahun 2014 tentang pengaturan pengaturan Minimarket Modern di Kota Semarang belum efektif dengan target yang telah ditetapkan. Faktor pendukung dalam kebijakan ini adalah tenaga kerja minimarket berasal dari orkforce lokal dan jarak antara minimarket dan pasar tradisional sudah 500 m. sedangkan faktor penghambat dalam kebijakan ini masih ada banyak minimarket yang beroperasi yang tidak sesuai dengan aturan yang telah ditetapkan.
Marginal Propensity to Save of Workers in Textile Products Industry (TPT)
Authors: Ulya Khalwatul , Prasetyo P. Eko
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out the desire to save the textile industry workers in Semarang Regency and the factors that influence it. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The population in this study was Labor at 10 TPT Industries totaling 17,757. The sample was determined by 100 respondents using the Slovin formula, and was considered representative. The sampling technique used is simple random. Methods of collecting data used questionnaires, interviews and observations. Data analysis method used multiple linear regression. The variables used in this study are age, income, consumption and education level as independent variables. While the desire to save as a dependent variable. The results showed that the income variable and education level had a positive and not significant effect, the consumption variable had a negative and significant influence, the age variable had a negative and not significant effect on saving desires. Suggestions for optimizing the increase in savings, employees should be able to increase the desire to save by consuming as needed and reduce unnecessary expenses so that the amount of savings can be increased and the benefits of saving can be felt.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keinginan untuk menyelamatkan pekerja industri tekstil di Kabupaten Semarang dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Tenaga Kerja di 10 Industri TPT dengan total 17.757. Sampel ditentukan oleh 100 responden menggunakan rumus Slovin, dan dianggap representatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah acak sederhana. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara dan observasi. Metode analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah usia, pendapatan, konsumsi dan tingkat pendidikan sebagai variabel independen. Sedangkan keinginan untuk menabung sebagai variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel pendapatan dan tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan, variabel konsumsi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan, variabel umur berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap keinginan menabung. Saran untuk mengoptimalkan peningkatan tabungan, karyawan harus dapat meningkatkan keinginan untuk menabung dengan mengkonsumsi sesuai kebutuhan dan mengurangi biaya yang tidak perlu sehingga jumlah tabungan dapat ditingkatkan dan manfaat dari tabungan dapat dirasakan.
Analysis of Willingness to Pay Integrated Waste Management
Authors: Bakara Tionarta , Bowo Prasetyo Ari
Published: March 2020

Waste volume in Semarang City increases every year. Local Regulation Number 6 Year 2012 forces households to reduce waste through 3R. 83% pre-survey citizens in West Semarang District have not done it yet. It needs an improvement on waste management. The purpose of this research is to know the citizen’s willingness to pay rate of West Semarang District on waste management improvement and to analyze the factors affecting willingness to pay. The data used in this research is Primary Data. The population in this research is 100 households in West Semarang District. Data collection method is using interview. Data analysis method is using Contingent Valuation Method and multiple  linear regression. The result shows that 68 respondents are willing to pay and 32 respondents are not. The amount of willingness to pay is Rp16.838. Influencing factors of willingness to pay are education level and staying duration. The recommendation of this research is the higher willingness to pay should be followed by better management service. Citizens can improve willingness to pay by having higher education level so that they realize the importance of maintaining environment. To increase willingness to pay, the higher family members the more they should have a good knowledge so that their perception about the payment based on head of the family will decrease.

Volume sampah di Kota Semarang meningkat setiap tahun. Peraturan Daerah Nomor 6 Tahun 2012 memaksa rumah tangga untuk mengurangi limbah melalui 3R. 83% warga pra-survei di Kabupaten Semarang Barat belum melakukannya. Perlu perbaikan dalam pengelolaan limbah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesediaan warga untuk membayar tarif Kabupaten Semarang Barat pada peningkatan pengelolaan limbah dan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesediaan untuk membayar. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Data Primer. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 rumah tangga di Kabupaten Semarang Barat. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara. Metode analisis data menggunakan Metode Contingent Valuation dan regresi linier berganda. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa 68 responden bersedia membayar dan 32 responden tidak. Jumlah kemauan untuk membayar adalah Rp16.838. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemauan untuk membayar adalah tingkat pendidikan dan durasi tinggal. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah semakin tinggi kesediaan untuk membayar harus diikuti oleh layanan manajemen yang lebih baik. Warga dapat meningkatkan kemauan untuk membayar dengan memiliki tingkat pendidikan yang lebih tinggi sehingga mereka menyadari pentingnya menjaga lingkungan. Untuk meningkatkan kemauan membayar, semakin tinggi anggota keluarga semakin mereka harus memiliki pengetahuan yang baik sehingga persepsi mereka tentang pembayaran berdasarkan kepala keluarga akan berkurang.
Strategy of Implementation Highest Medium Rice Retail Price Policy
Authors: Rifai Riyan Nur
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out what factors influence the implementation of the policy and formulate the strategy for implementing the policy. The main data type is primary data and is equipped with secondary data. Data collection methods are used interviews, questionnaires and literature studies. Research analysis used a SWOT analysis tool. Based on the results of the study that internal factors and external factors that influence the strength of internal factors consisting of easily published policies, adequate human resources, policy objectives and clear sanctions for policy violators. The weakness side is that the level of supervision is not optimal, the implementer rejects the policy, the highest retail price level is not right and the policy information has not been clearly conveyed. Whereas the opportunity side of external factors is the ability to increase rice stocks with imports, the government's readiness to fill rice stocks in the market and the public's encouragement to maintain stability in rice price stability. The threat side is the availability of rice from limited farmers, disruption of rice production factors and a long rice distribution chain. The right strategy used today is a defensive strategy.

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi implementasi kebijakan tersebut dan merumuskan strategi implementasi kebijakan tersebut. Jenis data utama digunakan data primer dan dilengkapi data sekunder. Metode pengambilan data digunakan wawancara, kuisioner dan studi kepustakaan. Analisis penelitian digunakan alat analisis SWOT. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa faktor internal dan faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi yaitu dari sisi kekuatan pada faktor internal terdiri dari kebijakan mudah dipublikasikan, sumber daya manusia memadai, tujuan kebijakan dan sanksi jelas bagi pelanggar kebijakan. Sisi kelemahan yaitu tingkat pengawasan belum optimal, pelaksana menolak kebijakan, tingkat harga eceran tertinggi belum tepat dan informasi kebijakan belum tersampaikan dengan jelas. Sedangkan sisi peluang dari faktor eksternal yaitu kemampuan menambah persediaan beras dengan impor, kesiapan pemerintah untuk mengisi persediaan beras di pasar dan dorongan masyarakat untuk menjaga stabilitas stabilitas harga beras. Sisi ancaman yaitu ketersediaan beras dari petani terbatas, gangguan faktor produksi beras dan rantai distribusi beras panjang. Strategi yang tepat digunakan saat ini yaitu strategi defensif.