bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wirtschaftspolitische Perspektiven für eine neue Bundesregierung
Authors:   ZG Überblick
Published: July 2021

Vom 25. bis 27. Mai fand der achte New Paradigm Workshop des Forum New Economy statt. Unter dem Titel „Future of the German model II — Perspectives for the next government“ wurden verschiedene Herausforderungen diskutiert, die die deutsche Politik in der kommenden Legislaturperiode beschäftigen werden. Wir bereits beim ersten New Paradigm Workshop sollen auch diesmal ausgewählte Beiträge in einem Wirtschaftsdienst-Zeitgespräch zusammengefasst werden. Die Beiträge des vorherigen Workshops finden sich im Zeitgespräch der Ausgabe 100(10). Im aktuellen Heft werden Einblicke in neue Forschung auf den Gebieten Fiskalpolitik, Populismusforschung, Finanzmarktregulierung, Verteilungs- sowie Klimapolitik gewährt.
Globalisierung von Forschung und Entwicklung der weltweit forschungsstärksten Unternehmen
Authors: Belitz Heike , Lejpras Anna
Published: July 2021

Mit Patentdaten der weltweit forschungsstärksten Unternehmen lassen sich Informationen über die regionale und technologische Verteilung ihrer Forschungsaktivitäten generieren. Daraus ergeben sich Anhaltspunkte zu den Motiven der Internationalisierung. Unternehmen betreiben Forschung und Entwicklung im Ausland überwiegend in technologischen Feldern, wo sie bereits stark sind und der ausländische Standort über Vorteile verfügt. Die wichtigsten Heimatländer forschender Unternehmen sind auch die wichtigsten Zielländer der Auslandsforschung. Somit dürften nicht nur die Unternehmen, sondern auch diese Forschungsstandorte von der Internationalisierung der Forschung und Entwicklung profitieren.
Die Bedeutung der Kostenstruktur für die Effektivität von Staatshilfen
Authors: Bischof Jannis , Karlsson Christopher , Rostam-Afschar Davud , Simon Thomas
Published: July 2021

Die Corona-Krise führt bei vielen Unternehmen zu andauernden Umsatzeinbrüchen, die einen akuten Liquiditätsbedarf verursachen, sofern laufende Kosten nicht reduziert werden. Auf Grundlage neuer Daten des German Business Panels wird ein Klassifizierungsverfahren genutzt, das die Kostenstruktur von Unternehmen und damit die Sensitivität gegenüber Umsatzschocks sichtbar macht. Dies ist nützlich, um effektive Hilfsmaßnahmen so zu gestalten, dass sie die Beschäftigung sichern, Insolvenzen genauso wie Insolvenzverschleppung vermeiden, die speziellen Gegebenheiten von Branchen berücksichtigen und die wirtschaftliche Erholung beschleunigen.
Der deutsche Fernbusmarkt — mittelfristig wieder auf ursprünglichem Niveau?
Authors: Ennen David , Scheelhaase Janina , Maertens Sven
Published: July 2021

Der Fernbusverkehr ist zu Beginn der Pandemie fast vollständig zum Erliegen gekommen und nimmt seit Ende März 2021 seinen Betrieb wieder auf. Seit seiner Liberalisierung 2013 bietet der Fernbusverkehr nicht nur preiswerte Mobilität, sondern trägt auch zu Einkommen und Beschäftigung bei. Es ist zu erwarten, dass der Sektor wieder seine bisherige ökonomische Bedeutung erreicht, weil insbesondere Privatpersonen dieses Verkehrsmittel nutzen. Im Gegensatz zu Geschäftsreisen wird hier nach der Pandemie keine Verhaltensänderung erwartet.
Debatte über Renten: Replik und Erwiderung
Authors: Werding Martin , Niemeier Ernst
Published: July 2021

In der Juniausgabe 2021 veröffentlichte der Wirtschaftsdienst einen Aufsatz mit dem Titel „Beitragsfinanzierung im ‚demografiegestressten‘ Rentensystem möglich“ von Ernst Niemeier. Martin Werding vertritt in einer Replik eine andere Auffassung, im Anschluss erläutert Ernst Niemeier seinen Standpunkt in einer Erwiderung.
Der neue Finanzausgleich zwischen Bund und Ländern: erste Ergebnisse und Bewertungen
Authors: Heinemann André W.
Published: July 2021

Bereits 2015 wurde erstmalig durch die Konferenz der Ministerpräsident:innen ein neues Finanzausgleichssystem ab 2020 diskutiert und beschlossen. Seitdem sind zahlreiche Beiträge zu den möglichen fiskalischen Auswirkungen, Anreizproblematiken und Bewertungen einiger Detailregelungen entstanden und debattiert worden. Nach der ersten Durchführung im Ausgleichsjahr 2020 ist es nun Zeit, erstmalig auf konkrete Ergebnisse einzugehen und dabei verbliebene und neue Probleme offen zu diskutieren.
The influence of cronyism on entrepreneurial resource acquisition
Authors: Yu Junfan , De Klerk Saskia , Hess Michael
Published: July 2021

This research focuses on how entrepreneurs utilize cronyism to acquire resources. A case study method allowed us to explore three firms in the private property development industry in China. These firms uniquely cultivated cronyism and achieved distinctly different outcomes. Our findings highlight Chinese entrepreneurs in start-up ventures and later-stage enterprises employ cronyism. The underlying rationale for using cronyism have common and heterogeneous motivations. The similarity and distinguishing rationale also apply to the impact of cronyism. We also find two contingency working mechanisms for cronyism: entrepreneurial characteristics and a staged model for cronyism. With the firm’s growth, cronyism remains important, but firms with more community involvement outperform others. This research contributes to the theory on strategic network utilization for resource acquisition during entrepreneurial development stages. We investigatehowentrepreneurial strategies can assist in adapting to the “rules of the game” while utilizing resources within the set contextual constraints.
Uniqueness in the life sciences: how did the elephant get its trunk?
Authors: Buskell Andrew , Currie Adrian
Published: July 2021

Researchers in the life sciences often make uniqueness attributions; about branching events generating new species, the developmental processes generating novel traits and the distinctive cultural selection pressures faced by hominins. Yet since uniqueness implies non-recurrence, such attributions come freighted with epistemic consequences. Drawing on the work of Aviezer Tucker, we show that a common reaction to uniqueness attributions is pessimism: both about the strength of candidate explanations as well as the ability to even generate such explanations. Looking at two case studies—elephant trunks and human teaching—we develop a more optimistic account. As we argue, uniqueness attributions are revisable claims about the availability of several different kinds of comparators. Yet even as researchers investigate the availability of such comparators, they are able to mobilize complex sets of empirical and theoretical tools. Rather than hindering scientific investigation, then, we argue that uniqueness attributions often spur the generation of a range of epistemic goods.
SLC1A5 co-expression with TALDO1 associates with endocrine therapy failure in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Alfarsi Lutfi H. , El Ansari Rokaya , Craze Madeleine L. , Mohammed Omar J. , Masisi Brendah K. , Ellis Ian O. , Rakha Emad A. , Green Andrew R.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Identification of effective biomarkers for the benefit of endocrine treatment and understanding the molecular pathways that contribute to the development of resistance are of crucial importance to the management of luminal breast cancer. The amino acid transporter SLC1A5 has emerging importance as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in various types of cancer. This study aims to investigate its role in luminal breast cancer as a potential predictive marker for endocrine treatment.

Methods

SLC1A5 expression was assessed at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels in large, well-characterized cohorts of luminal breast cancer. The sensitivity to endocrine therapy after SLC1A5 knockdown was investigated in vitro, using MCF7 and MDA-MB-175 cell lines. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to study the interacting networks of SLC1A5 and to identify a key co-expressed gene with SLC1A5.

Results

Here, we showed that patients with tumors that highly expressed SLC1A5 associated with a high risk of relapse after endocrine treatment. In vitro, depletion of SLC1A5 increases the sensitivity of luminal breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. TALDO1 was identified as key co-expressed gene with SLC1A5, and in vitro knockdown of SLC1A5 showed reduction in TALDO1 expression. Indeed, TALDO1 was associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients who were subject to endocrine therapy.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that metabolic alterations, particularly the interaction between the key amino acid transporter SLC1A5 and metabolic enzyme TALDO1, could affect the sensitivity of endocrine therapy. This study demonstrated the prognostic value of both SLC1A5 and TALDO1 as biomarkers in luminal breast cancer.
The impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on late radiation toxicity and quality of life in breast cancer patients
Authors: Batenburg Marilot C. T. , Maarse Wies , van der Leij Femke , Baas Inge O. , Boonstra Onno , Lansdorp Nina , Doeksen Annemiek , van den Bongard Desiree H. J. G. , Verkooijen Helena M.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To evaluate symptoms of late radiation toxicity, side effects, and quality of life in breast cancer patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).

Methods

For this cohort study breast cancer patients treated with HBOT in 5 Dutch facilities were eligible for inclusion. Breast cancer patients with late radiation toxicity treated with ≥ 20 HBOT sessions from 2015 to 2019 were included. Breast and arm symptoms, pain, and quality of life were assessed by means of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and -BR23 before, immediately after, and 3 months after HBOT on a scale of 0–100. Determinants associated with persistent breast pain after HBOT were assessed.

Results

1005/1280 patients were included for analysis. Pain scores decreased significantly from 43.4 before HBOT to 29.7 after 3 months (p < 0.001). Breast symptoms decreased significantly from 44.6 at baseline to 28.9 at 3 months follow-up (p < 0.001) and arm symptoms decreased significantly from 38.2 at baseline to 27.4 at 3 months follow-up (p < 0.001). All quality of life domains improved at the end of HBOT and after 3 months follow-up in comparison to baseline scores. Most prevalent side effects of HBOT were myopia (any grade, n = 576, 57.3%) and mild barotrauma (n = 179, 17.8%). Moderate/severe side effects were reported in 3.2% (n = 32) of the patients. Active smoking during HBOT and shorter time (i.e., median 17.5 vs. 22.0 months) since radiotherapy were associated with persistent breast pain after HBOT.

Conclusion

Breast cancer patients with late radiation toxicity reported reduced pain, breast and arm symptoms, and improved quality of life following treatment with HBOT.
Southern Green Cultural Criminology and Environmental Crime Prevention: Representations of Nature Within Four Colombian Indigenous Communities
Authors: Goyes David Rodríguez , Abaibira Mireya Astroina , Baicué Pablo , Cuchimba Angie , Ñeñetofe Deisy Tatiana Ramos , Sollund Ragnhild , South Nigel , Wyatt Tanya
Published: July 2021

This exploratory study develops a “southern green cultural criminology” approach to the prevention of environmental harms and crimes. The main aim is to understand differing cultural representations of nature, including wildlife, present within four Colombian Indigenous communities to evaluate whether they encourage environmentally friendly human interactions with the natural world, and if so, how. The study draws on primary data gathered by the Indigenous authors (peer researchers) of this article via a set of interviews with representatives of these four communities. We argue that the cosmologies that these communities live by signal practical ways of achieving ecological justice and challenging anthropocentrism.
A System to Access Online Services with Minimal Personal Information Disclosure
Authors: Russo Antonia , Lax Gianluca , Dromard Baptiste , Mezred Menad
Published: July 2021

The General Data Protection Regulation highlights the principle of data minimization, which means that only data required to successfully accomplish a given task should be processed. In this paper, we propose a Blockchain-based scheme that allows users to have control over the personal data revealed when accessing a service. The proposed solution does not rely on sophisticated cryptographic primitives, provides mechanisms for revoking the authorization to access a service and for guessing the identity of a user only in cases of need, and is compliant with the recent eIDAS Regulation. We prove that the proposed scheme is secure and reaches the expected goal, and we present an Ethereum-based implementation to show the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Singularly Perturbed Oscillators with Exponential Nonlinearities
Authors: Jelbart S. , Kristiansen K. U. , Szmolyan P. , Wechselberger M.
Published: July 2021

Singular exponential nonlinearities of the form$$e^{h(x)\epsilon ^{-1}}$$eh(x)ϵ-1with$$\epsilon >0$$ϵ>0small occur in many different applications. These terms have essential singularities for$$\epsilon =0$$ϵ=0leading to very different behaviour depending on the sign ofh. In this paper, we consider two prototypical singularly perturbed oscillators with such exponential nonlinearities. We apply a suitable normalization for both systems such that the$$\epsilon \rightarrow 0$$ϵ→0limit is a piecewise smooth system. The convergence to this nonsmooth system is exponential due to the nonlinearities we study. By working on the two model systems we use a blow-up approach to demonstrate that this exponential convergence can be harmless in some cases while in other scenarios it can lead to further degeneracies. For our second model system, we deal with such degeneracies due to exponentially small terms by extending the space dimension, following the approach in Kristiansen (Nonlinearity 30(5): 2138–2184, 2017), and prove—for both systems—existence of (unique) limit cycles by perturbing away from singular cycles having desirable hyperbolicity properties.
Exploring the interactions between vulnerability, resilience and adaptation to extreme temperatures
Authors: Nunes Ana Raquel
Published: July 2021

Proposed ways of improving adaptation to climate change have most often been supported by narrowly framed and separate analysis. This article investigates how different levels of vulnerability and resilience interplay with adaptation to extreme temperatures, what is the nature of these relationships and whether lower vulnerability and higher resilience contribute to increased adaptation. This article explores the governance implications of a project that, unlike other, brings together vulnerability, resilience and adaptation assessments. The project has made significant advances in addressing the current deficit integrated assessments for shaping governance propositions. Such propositions argue that the diverse levels of vulnerability and resilience convey important bases for (1) targeting at-risk older individuals; (2) developing vulnerability reduction actions; (3) resilience building actions; and (4) understanding ‘success cases’ and learn from them for developing appropriate policy measures. Taken together, these propositions offer a social, psychological and health framework not simply for governing extreme temperatures but for governing responses to climate change at large.
Disentangling Relationships in Symptom Networks Using Matrix Permutation Methods
Authors: Brusco Michael J. , Steinley Douglas , Watts Ashley L.
Published: July 2021

Common outputs of software programs for network estimation include association matrices containing the edge weights between pairs of symptoms and a plot of the symptom network. Although such outputs are useful, it is sometimes difficult to ascertain structural relationships among symptoms from these types of output alone. We propose that matrix permutation provides a simple, yet effective, approach for clarifying the order relationships among the symptoms based on the edge weights of the network. For directed symptom networks, we use a permutation criterion that has classic applications in electrical circuit theory and economics. This criterion can be used to place symptoms that strongly predict other symptoms at the beginning of the ordering, and symptoms that are strongly predicted by other symptoms at the end. For undirected symptom networks, we recommend a permutation criterion that is based on location theory in the field of operations research. When using this criterion, symptoms with many strong ties tend to be placed centrally in the ordering, whereas weakly-tied symptoms are placed at the ends. The permutation optimization problems are solved using dynamic programming. We also make use of branch-search algorithms for extracting maximum cardinality subsets of symptoms that have perfect structure with respect to a selected criterion. Software for implementing the dynamic programming algorithms is available in MATLAB and R. Two networks from the literature are used to demonstrate the matrix permutation algorithms.
CFD Investigations of Bath Dynamics in a Pilot-Scale TSL Furnace
Authors: Obiso D. , Reuter M. , Richter A.
Published: July 2021

The hydrodynamics of a Top Submerged Lance (TSL) slag bath are investigated here by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The object of the study is the pilot-scale furnace located at TU Bergakademie Freiberg, where air is injected beneath the slag bath with a top lance. The fluid dynamics system is evaluated at operating conditions, with experimentally measured slag physical properties and real flow rates. The numerical approach is based on the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) model, a front-tracking method that allows the interface to be geometrically reconstructed. Using a fine computational grid, the multiphase interactions are calculated with a high level of detail, revealing the mechanisms of bubble formation and bath dynamics. Two lance configurations are compared, with and without a swirler, and the effect on the hydrodynamics is discussed with regards to key features of the process, such as bubble dynamics, slag splashing, the interface area, rotational sloshing, and bath mixing. The model predicts bubble frequencies in the range of 2.5 to 3 Hz and captures rotational sloshing waves with half the frequencies of the bubble detachment. These results agree with real furnace data from the literature, proving the reliability of the computing model and adding value to the empirical understanding of the process, thanks to the direct observation of the resolved multiphase flow features. The comparative study indicates that the air swirler has an overall positive effect in addition to the proposed enhancement of lance cooling, with an increase in the bath mixing and a reduction in the splashing.
Reduction Kinetics of Fine Hematite Ore Particles in Suspension
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Zeilstra Christiaan , van der Stel Jan , Sietsma Jilt , Yang Yongxiang
Published: July 2021

Suspension reduction kinetics of hematite ore particles at 1710 K to 1785 K was described by the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model with Avrami exponent of 1.405. The apparent activation energy is 105.5 kJ mol−1 with the rate determining step of nucleation and growth. The reduction degree of the hematite at the endpoint is a linear function of temperature and the logarithmic oxygen potential of the reacting gas. A peak function of reaction rate constant with particle size has been verified in this work, and the maximum value of the reaction rate is located at around 85 µm particle size. The influence of heat transfer on the reaction process has been evaluated. The results suggest that the heating-up process for large particles, 244 µm particles, for instance, cannot be ignored. It can retard the reaction rate compared to small particles. Normally, the reaction rate constant decreases linearly with the increase of ln[p(O2)] of the reacting gas mixture. However, 95 vol pct CO2 in the reacting gas can accelerate the reaction rate of thermal decomposition of hematite due to the emissivity of CO2 gas. It results in a higher reaction rate of 110 µm particles in 95 vol pct CO2-containing gas than that in other less CO2-containing gases.
Minimierende und maximierende Vernehmungstaktiken: Risiko falscher Geständnisse und sozialpsychologische Wirkmechanismen
Authors: Schneider Teresa , May Lennart
Published: July 2021

Einzelberichte deuten auf die Verwendung von Vernehmungstaktiken in Deutschland hin, die die Schwere der Tat und die Konsequenzen eines Geständnisses herunterspielen (Minimierung) und die vorhandenen Beweise und die Schwere der Konsequenzen von bestreitenden Aussagen übertreiben (Maximierung). Forschungsarbeiten zeigen jedoch, dass solche Taktiken die Rate falscher Geständnisse erheblich erhöhen. Es wird im vorliegenden Beitrag argumentiert, dass Minimierungs- und Maximierungstaktiken darauf abzielen, eine Aussagemotivation bei Beschuldigten (Zwischenziel) herzustellen, die in eine Geständniserlangung übergehen soll (Hauptziel). Diese Annahme gründet auf einer vorgenommenen Systematisierung und Abgrenzung einzelner Vorgehensweisen dieser Taktiken. Außerdem erklärt der Beitrag kursorisch die sozialpsychologischen Wirkungsweisen dieser Taktiken auf Geständnisentscheidungen. Dies soll helfen, zukünftig Wirkungsweisen einzelner Vorgehensweisen differenzierter wissenschaftlich zu untersuchen, besser zu verstehen und theoretisch zu begründen.
Acetabular fractures in the elderly: modern challenges and the role of conservative management
Authors: Mohan Kunal , Broderick James M. , Raza Hasnain , O’Daly Brendan , Leonard Michael
Published: July 2021

Introduction 

The incidence of acetabular fractures in the elderly population is ever increasing. While management of acetabular fractures in young patients following high-energy trauma is well described, treatment of the elderly patient subgroup is complex and requires a unique, individualized approach. A variety of treatment strategies including operative and non-operative approaches exists to manage this vulnerable patient group. Conservative management of acetabular fractures in the elderly continues to play an important role in treatment of both stable fracture patterns and those medically unfit for surgery.

Aim 

This review assessing the current literature was undertaken with the purpose of summarising the challenges of management in this at-risk cohort as well as quantifying the role and outcomes following conservative management in the elderly.

 Conclusion

Our recommendation is that conservative management of acetabular fractures in the elderly can be considered as a treatment option on a case-by-case basis accounting for patient, injury, and surgical factors. If it is to be pursued, we advise a multidisciplinary approach focused on early mobility, minimisation of risk and regular follow-up to optimise patient outcomes.
Evaluation of Microencapsulated Synbiotic Preparations Containing Lactobionic Acid
Authors: Goderska Kamila , Kozłowski Patryk
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper was to assess the prebiotic properties of lactobionic acid in the human gastrointestinal model. Five different strains of probiotic, or potentially probiotic, bacteria were used in the microencapsulation process; these were Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Lactococcus lactis ATCC1, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bifidobacterium bifidum DSM 20456, and Bifidobacterium bifidum DSM 20082. Starch with a concentration of 4% (w/v) and a degree of substitution of 0.03 was used to produce the microcapsules. The alginian microcapsules we produced functioned as a protective barrier for the probiotic microorganisms closed in them, protecting them from adverse conditions in the human digestive tract. The microorganisms could thus survive the encapsulation process and the in vitro model digestion process while retaining the ability to produce biomass. Factors such as pH and time affect the solution of alginate microcapsules. The capsule solution began when a pH of 7.4 was reached; this corresponded to pH in the target probiotic site, an in vitro model of the colon. The capsules had completely dissolved after 24 h of digestion at a pH of 8. The addition of lactobionic acid stimulated the growth of probiotic and potentially probiotic bacteria, thus confirming its prebiotic properties.
Predicting Synaptic Connectivity for Large-Scale Microcircuit Simulations Using Snudda
Authors: Hjorth J. J. Johannes , Hellgren Kotaleski Jeanette , Kozlov Alexander
Published: July 2021

Simulation of large-scale networks of neurons is an important approach to understanding and interpreting experimental data from healthy and diseased brains. Owing to the rapid development of simulation software and the accumulation of quantitative data of different neuronal types, it is possible to predict both computational and dynamical properties of local microcircuits in a ‘bottom-up’ manner. Simulated data from these models can be compared with experiments and ‘top-down’ modelling approaches, successively bridging the scales. Here we describe an open source pipeline, using the software Snudda, for predicting microcircuit connectivity and for setting up simulations using the NEURON simulation environment in a reproducible way. We also illustrate how to further ‘curate’ data on single neuron morphologies acquired from public databases. This model building pipeline was used to set up a first version of a full-scale cellular level model of mouse dorsal striatum. Model components from that work are here used to illustrate the different steps that are needed when modelling subcortical nuclei, such as the basal ganglia.
Anti-Luminous Mental States: Logical, Psychological and Epistemic Problems
Authors: González-Castán Óscar L.
Published: July 2021

In this paper I shall argue that Tim Williamson’s argument for the anti-luminosity of many mental states faces difficult logical, psychological and epistemological problems. From a logical point of view, his argument is correct. However, the contrary argument that says that the anti-luminosity thesis does not necessarily follow from it is also correct. This opens a sceptical scenario. Hence, if Williamson wants to convince us that we should rationally prefer his argument rather than the other, he needs to add considerations that are not merely logical. These are psychological and epistemological in nature. However, none of these considerations is convincing.
Part-optimized forming by spatially distributed vaporizing foil actuators
Authors: Hahn Marlon , Tekkaya A. Erman
Published: July 2021

Electrically vaporizing foil actuators are employed as an innovative high speed sheet metal forming technology, which has the potential to lower tool costs. To reduce experimental try-outs, a predictive physics-based process design procedure is developed for the first time. It consists of a mathematical optimization utilizing numerical forming simulations followed by analytical computations for the forming-impulse generation through the rapid Joule heating of the foils. The proposed method is demonstrated for an exemplary steel sheet part. The resulting process design provides a part-specific impulse distribution, corresponding parallel actuator geometries, and the pulse generator’s charging energy, so that all process parameters are available before the first experiment. The experimental validation is then performed for the example part. Formed parts indicate that the introduced method yields a good starting point for actual testing, as it only requires adjustments in the form of a minor charging energy augmentation. This was expectable due to the conservative nature of the underlying modeling. The part geometry obtained with the most suitable charging energy is finally compared to the target geometry.
The Nine Cancer Frames: A Tool to Facilitate Critical Reading of Cancer-Related Information
Authors: Murray Craig , von Possel Nina , Lie Hanne C. , Breivik Jarle
Published: July 2021

People’s ability to critically assess cancer-related information is essential from a preventional and therapeutic, as well as a general democratic perspective. Such cancer literacy is not just about acquiring factual knowledge. It also involves the ability to analyze how the information is contextualized—how cancer is framed. Previous research concerning the framing of cancer in public discourse is voluminous and penetrating but also fragmented and inaccessible to non-experts. In this study, we have developed an integrated and applicable tool for analyzing cancer discourse by systematically classifying distinctive ways of framing of the concept of cancer. Building on previous research and an inductive framing analysis of a broad range of public cancer discourse, systematically selected from British and Norwegian newspapers, we have characterized nine cancer frames: the biomedical, the environmental, the epidemiological, the personal, the sociopolitical, the economic, the antagonistic, the alternative, and the symbolic frame. This framing scheme may be applied to analyze cancer-related discourse across a plurality of themes and contexts. We also show how different frames combine to produce more complex messages, thereby revealing underlying patterns, strategies, and conflicts in cancer communication. In conclusion, this analytical tool enables critical reading of cancer-related information and may be especially useful in educational initiatives to advance health communication and public understanding of cancer.
Societal implications of a changing Arctic Ocean
Authors: Huntington Henry P. , Zagorsky Andrey , Kaltenborn Bjørn P. , Shin Hyoung Chul , Dawson Jackie , Lukin Maija , Dahl Parnuna Egede , Guo Peiqing , Thomas David N.
Published: July 2021

The Arctic Ocean is undergoing rapid change: sea ice is being lost, waters are warming, coastlines are eroding, species are moving into new areas, and more. This paper explores the many ways that a changing Arctic Ocean affects societies in the Arctic and around the world. In the Arctic, Indigenous Peoples are again seeing their food security threatened and cultural continuity in danger of disruption. Resource development is increasing as is interest in tourism and possibilities for trans-Arctic maritime trade, creating new opportunities and also new stresses. Beyond the Arctic, changes in sea ice affect mid-latitude weather, and Arctic economic opportunities may re-shape commodities and transportation markets. Rising interest in the Arctic is also raising geopolitical tensions about the region. What happens next depends in large part on the choices made within and beyond the Arctic concerning global climate change and industrial policies and Arctic ecosystems and cultures.
Practical and Theoretical Wisdom in Management Scholarship: Re-assesing the Use and Appropriations of Aristotle’s Philosophy
Authors: Peltonen Tuomo
Published: July 2021

Within contemporary discussions on organizational wisdom, management scholars frequently turn to Aristotle’s work to conceptualize wisdom as phronesis, or practical wisdom. Contrary to the prevailing view, this paper argues that Aristotle did not propose an exclusively practical or particularistic conception of wisdom but, instead acknowledged that wisdom broadly conceived consists of two types of intellectual virtue: theoretical wisdom (sophia) and practical wisdom. Aristotle’s ultimate position regarding the relations between sophia and phronesis has remained, however, ambiguous, giving rise to different interpretations, and, more substantively, to the major appropriations of Aquinas, Heidegger and Gadamer. An analysis of the philosophical underpinnings of exemplary contributions to management wisdom suggests that research has predominantly applied Heideggerian and Gadamerian understandings of Aristotelian wisdom, while an Aquinian interpretation is largely absent in contemporary elaborations. Interpreting the Aristotelian notion of wisdom as dedicated purely to practical phronesis narrows the discussion on the nature of (organizational) wisdom within an Aristotelian framework in ways that do not give full credit to the breadth and complexity of Aristotle’s thought.
Find research data repositories for the humanities - the data deposit recommendation service
Authors: Buddenbohm Stefan , de Jong Maaike , Minel Jean-Luc , Moranville Yoann
Published: July 2021

How can researchers identify suitable research data repositories for the deposit of their research data? Which repository matches best the technical and legal requirements of a specific research project? For this end and with a humanities perspective the Data Deposit Recommendation Service (DDRS) has been developed as a prototype. It not only serves as a functional service for selecting humanities research data repositories but it is particularly a technical demonstrator illustrating the potential of re-using an already existing infrastructure - in this case re3data - and the feasibility to set up this kind of service for other research disciplines. The documentation and the code of this project can be found in the DARIAH GitHub repository: https://dariah-eric.github.io/ddrs/.
Wonder and the Marvellous from Homer to the Hellenistic World
Authors: Lightfoot Jessica
Published: July 2021

Wonder and wonders constituted a central theme in ancient Greek culture. In this book, Jessica Lightfoot provides the first full-length examination of its significance from Homer to the Hellenistic period. She demonstrates that wonder was an important term of aesthetic response and occupied a central position in concepts of what philosophy and literature are and do. She also argues that it became a means of expressing the manner in which the realms of the human and the divine interrelate with one another; and that it was central to the articulation of the ways in which the relationships between self and other, near and far, and familiar and unfamiliar were conceived. The book provides a much-needed starting point for re-assessments of the impact of wonder as a literary critical and cultural concept both in antiquity and in later periods.
Just, Reasonable Multiculturalism
Authors: Cohen-Almagor Raphael
Published: July 2021

This book explores the main challenges against multiculturalism. It aims to examine whether liberalism and multiculturalism are reconcilable, and what are the limits of liberal democratic interventions in illiberal affairs of minority cultures within democracy. In the process, this book addresses three questions: whether multiculturalism is bad for democracy, whether multiculturalism is bad for women, and whether multiculturalism contributes to terrorism. Just, Reasonable Multiculturalism argues that liberalism and multiculturalism are reconcilable if a fair balance is struck between individual rights and group rights. Raphael Cohen-Almagor contends that reasonable multiculturalism can be achieved via mechanisms of deliberate democracy, compromise and, when necessary, coercion. Placing necessary checks on groups that discriminate against vulnerable third parties, the approach insists on the protection of basic human rights as well as on exit rights for individuals if and when they wish to leave their cultural groups.
Ho Chi Minh in Hong Kong
Authors: Gunn Geoffrey C.
Published: July 2021

It was the trial of a century in colonial Hong Kong when, in 1931–33, Ho Chi Minh - the future President of Vietnam - faced down deportation to French-controlled territory with a death sentence dangling over him. Thanks to his appeal to English common law, Ho Chi Minh won his reprieve. With extradition a major political issue in Hong Kong today, Geoffrey C. Gunn's examination of the legal case of Ho Chi Minh offers a timely insight into the rule of law and the issue of extradition in the former British colony. Utilizing little known archival material, Gunn sheds new light on Ho Chi Minh, communist and anti-colonial networks and Franco–British relations.
Indigenous Rights and Trade Obligations: How DoesCUSMA’s Indigenous General Exception Apply to Canada?
Authors: VANDUZER J. ANTHONY , MALLET MELANIE
Published: July 2021

Canadian commitments under trade and investment treaties have been an ongoing concern for Indigenous peoples. TheCanada-United States-Mexico Agreement(CUSMA) is the first Canadian treaty to include a general exception for measures that a party state “deems necessary to fulfill its legal obligations to [I]ndigenous peoples.” This exception is likely to afford Canada broad, but not unlimited, discretion to determine what its legal obligations to Indigenous peoples require. There is a residual risk that Canada’s reliance on the exception could be challenged through theCUSMAdispute settlement process. ACUSMApanel would not have the expertise necessary to decide inevitably complex questions related to what Canada’s legal obligations to Indigenous peoples require. While state-to-state cases under theNorth American Free Trade Agreementhave been rare, aCUSMApanel adjudication regarding the Indigenous general exception risks damaging consequences for Canada’s relationship with Indigenous peoples.
Differences in Disaster Preparedness Among Dog and Other Pet Owners in Oporto, Portugal
Authors: Pereira Zélia , Cardoso Luís , Coelho Ana Cláudia
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices related to disaster preparedness among pet owners in North Portugal. The present research provides an evaluation of differences among pet owners regarding preparedness in the event of disasters.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of 155 pet owners between September and November 2018. Subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire with items addressing sociodemographic characteristics and questions related to owners’ emergency preparedness and practices.

Results:

In this study, 53.5% of the respondents thought about the possibility of a disaster. Only 21.3% of respondents reported having knowledge on the existence of a disaster kit for pets in case of an emergency. The majority (94.8%) of respondents said they were not aware of the preparedness county-level organization plans. Knowledge and preparedness were found to be signiﬁcantly higher among dog owners compared with owners of other pet species.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that Portuguese pet owners have inadequate knowledge on how to prepare for inclusion of their pets in a disaster.
Designing and Validation of the Nurses’ Preparedness to Response to COVID-19 Questionnaire in Iran
Authors: Sharififar Simintaj , Hamidi Farahani Ramin , Khoshvaghti Amir , Ahmadi Marzaleh Milad
Published: July 2021

Objective:

Nurses are considered key members to respond to incidents and disasters. As many patients are hospitalized during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and nurses are directly in contact with these patients; their preparedness enables them to respond to this situation more effectively and protects their health. Therefore, the present study aimed to design and validate a questionnaire to measure the nurses’ preparedness in response to COVID-19 in Iran in 2020.

Methods:

This study was a mixed research aiming to develop and validate a psychometric research instrument in 2020. Based on the review of the literature regarding COVID-19 and other viral respiratory infections, the items were extracted, rewritten, and validated. In the quantitative phase, the validity of the questionnaire was evaluated in terms of face, content, and construct validity, and its reliability was evaluated based on internal consistency and stability (Cronbach’s alpha and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient [ICC]). To fill out the questionnaire, the nurses were selected by random sampling. Data analysis was done by the SPSS software, version 23 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY).

Results:

The designed questionnaire included 9 dimensions and 50 items. The dimensions included (1) Incident Command System (ICS); (2) risk assessment and management; (3) information and communication management; (4) psychological approaches; (5) personal protective equipment; (6) prevention of contamination, isolation, and quarantine; (7) education and training; (8) patient management; and (9) features of the new coronavirus. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were approved by the specialists and experts of nursing and health in disasters and emergencies. The content validity ratio was > 0.7 for all items. The content validity index was also approved for all items. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and ICC were respectively 0.71 and 0.72 for the total questionnaire. The total score was determined based on 5 ranges, including 50–89 (very low preparedness), 90–129 (low preparedness), 130–170 (medium-level preparedness), 171–210 (high preparedness), and 211–250 (very high preparedness).

Conclusion:

Nurses’ preparedness to respond to this pandemic requires multilateral measures. Measuring the nurses’ preparedness can clarify the challenges in hospital measures taken to respond to this crisis. Evaluating the nurses, determining the challenges and priorities, and finding solutions to resolve them can improve the nurses’ performance in providing health care services. Preparation of nurses during pandemics can reduce the damages to this group and maximize their efforts to protect the patients. Thus, health planners and policy-makers should try to promote the nurses’ awareness and preparedness.
EU COVID-19 Certificates: A Critical Analysis
Authors: GOLDNER LANG Iris
Published: July 2021

On 17 March 2021, the European Commission put forward its Proposal for a Regulation on Digital Green Certificates, which would facilitate European Union (EU) cross-border movement during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Regulation on the EU Digital COVID Certificate was adopted on 14 June 2021 and it will start to apply from 1 July 2021. This article examines the main declared goals of the new Regulation – the first being that Digital COVID Certificates facilitate safe cross-border movement, the second being that they preclude more restrictive national measures, the third being that they prevent discrimination and the fourth being that they coordinate Member States’ actions. In so doing, it highlights the main benefits and weaknesses of the Regulation, but it also goes beyond the Regulation by tackling broader questions of EU law that will be of relevance even once the pandemic is over. In this respect, the paper highlights the importance of science in assessing the proportionality of pandemic-related measures and of choosing the least restrictive and the most individualised options when restricting free movement due to public health reasons. It also identifies the effects EU certificates will have on Member States’ regulation of national COVID-19 certificates, notably those designed for other purposes than cross-border travel, and it shows that there is a thin line between the EU’s and national competences in this area.
Response of Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia) and four mangrove species to imazamox and carfentrazone-ethyl herbicides
Authors: Enloe Stephen F. , Leary James K. , Prince Candice M. , Sperry Benjamin P. , Lauer Dwight K.
Published: July 2021

Mangroves are a critical component of many coastal ecosystems in Florida. Woody species, including Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi), have invaded thousands of hectares of mangrove habitat. The difficulty associated with ground-based management of invasive plants in mangrove communities has warranted a need to identify selective herbicides that can be applied aerially. Recent work suggests that Florida mangrove species are extremely sensitive to synthetic auxin herbicides; however, other herbicides have yet to be tested for selectivity. Greenhouse studies in 2018 and 2019 evaluated broadcast foliar applications of the acetolactate synthase inhibitor imazamox and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor carfentrazone-ethyl, both as individual treatments and in combinations, for control of S. terebinthifolia and injury to four non-target mangrove species. Across all posttreatment sample dates and species tested, there were no significant interactions between imazamox applied at 0.28 or 0.56 kg ai ha−1 in combination with carfentrazone-ethyl applied at 0 or 0.1 kg ha−1. Main effects of imazamox applied at 0.56 kg ai ha−1 and carfentrazone-ethyl applied at 0.1 kg ha−1 resulted in 99% and 97% defoliation, respectively, of Schinus terebinthifolia at 180 DAT. However, S. terebinthifolia percent survival was 56% and 44% for the same treatments. Both herbicides severely injured all four mangroves by 90 DAT and resulted in 58% to 100% defoliation across species. At 180 DAT, significant increases in percent cambium kill were also observed for all four species. Across species, mangrove survival varied, but red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) survival was reduced to 6% when imazamox was applied at 0.56 kg ha−1. These results indicate both imazamox and carfentrazone-ethyl exhibit activity on S. terebinthifolia but also injure all four mangroves enough to preclude their use as selective treatments.
Legal Reactivity: Correctional Health Care Certifications as Responses to Litigation
Authors: Headworth Spencer , Zaborenko Callie
Published: July 2021

In 1976, the US Supreme Court established that incarcerated people have a constitutional right to health care, ratifying lower court decisions. Corresponding professionalization and standardization initiatives included the advent of third-party certifications of individual correctional health care (CHC) practitioners. Drawing on historical evidence about CHC reforms and contemporary data on certifications, incarcerated people’s lawsuits, and incarcerated people’s mortality rates, this study assesses relationships between certifications and key outcomes of incarceration. We find that corrections actors tend to adopt certifications when directly threatened by elevated rates of litigation in their states. This finding suggests that corrections actors are legally reactive, responding to filed lawsuits’ salient threat, rather than legally proactive, attempting to manage risk through anticipatory certification adoption. While early standardization and professionalization interventions reflected the legally proactive logic, our results indicate that contemporary corrections actors tend to “wait and see” about legal liability. Barriers to settlements or court rulings favoring incarcerated people—particularly the Prison Litigation Reform Act—help explain this tendency. Lawsuits’ observed influence on standardization and professionalization offer some support for litigation’s capacity to impel changes; litigation’s failure to predict mortality, however, gives pause regarding this capacity’s extent.
Finding the “Humanity” in Human Rights: LGBT Activists and the Vernacularization of Human Rights in Hong Kong
Authors: Madson Nathan H.
Published: July 2021

Through an ethnographic analysis of Hong Kong LGBT activists’ fight for a gender recognition ordinance (GRO) that would simplify the process for transgender Hongkongers to change their legal gender, a paradox emerged: Why was a human rights framing of LGBT issues problematic when human rights were central to locals’ understanding of what it meant to be Hongkongers? Local LGBT activists’ vernacularization of human rights—or the process of localization of international human rights law into culturally relevant frameworks—hinged on reframing the need for a GRO as a matter of humanity, not human rights law. Relying on citations of human rights law among “ordinary citizens” violated the existing ways in which Hongkongers talked about human rights as a method of distinguishing Hong Kong from the rest of the People’s Republic of China. Furthermore, this need to differentiate emerged from the 2014 Umbrella Movement in which prodemocracy activists occupied various urban centers in Hong Kong for seventy-nine days. The Umbrella Movement caused a shift in which ordinary citizens became responsible for each other and defending what made Hong Kong unique. Ultimately, the vernacularization process requires closer attention to the ways in which human rights are being talked about on the ground.