bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study between bone transport technique using Ilizarov/LRS fixator and induced membrane (Masquelet) technique in management of bone defects in the long bones of lower limb
Authors: Gupta Govind Kumar , Majhee Amit Kumar , Rani Sudha , Shekhar Shubhendu , Prasad Pancham , Chauhan Ganesh
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

In earlier times due to difficulty in managing segmental long bone defects, amputation was the preferred treatment. Nonunion with bone loss of long bones is a challenging problem, requiring serious attention. Post-traumatic segmental bone defects can have severe long-term ill impact on patient’s lives. Reconstruction is more difficult and functional outcome is usually less satisfactory compared to bony outcome. Distraction osteogenesis and induced membrane technique are the techniques that can be used.

Aims and Objectives:

To find out and compare clinical, radiological, and functional outcome of bone transport technique and induced membrane technique in management of bone defects in the long bones of lower limb.

Materials and Methods:

A comparative study was conducted on 24 patients (22 males and 2 females) of lower extremity fractures with bone defect more than 3 cm. Patients were divided into two groups according to the method of reconstruction used, that is, either bone transport technique in 12 patients (group A) or masquelet in the other 12 patients (group B). The mean age of the patients was 44 years in group A and was 38 years in group B. Regular follow-up was done with a mean period of follow up of 18.35 ± 5.58 months in group A and 18.25 ± 3.95 months in group B.

Result:

In group A (bone transport), 67% showed union, 25% showed union with bone graft and 8% showed delayed union. In group B (masquelet), 75% showed union and 25% showed delayed union. bone transport technique showed excellent results in 58.3% and good in 41.7% while Masquelet technique showed excellent result in 50% and good in 50%.

Conclusion:

For an orthopaedic surgeon, long bones defects with a substantial loss of bone volume are one of the most challenging bone defects encountered in clinical practice. Induced membrane technique and bone transport both offer successful options for filling of bone defects. Both techniques have its own pros and cons and provide varied option for healing. In our study, both methods have comparable results statistically although induced membrane technique required soft tissue reconstructive procedures.
Experiences of single-parent children in the current Indian context
Authors: Sangeet Omisha , Singh Shyodan
Published: August 2022

Background:

Single-parent family structure involves only one parent responsible for rearing the child and their welfare. Among all types of families, single-parent families can have difficult individual and social experiences, which may affect both single parents as well as their children. Therefore, the present paper attempts to capture some of the lived experiences and social perceptions of single-parent children qualitatively in the current Indian context.

Method:

A qualitative research method was adopted in which data collection was done using semi-structured interviews followed by thematic analysis. The sample consisted of 11 college-going young adults residing in Delhi-NCR with their single mothers since the early years of their lives.

Result:

The results indicate that single-parent children participants had mixed experiences where some individuals’ experiences were challenging; at the same time, other experiences led to positive changes and self-growth during the course of their lives. Findings suggest varied experiences of single-parent children in the Indian context, where 82% of participants reported additional “responsibilities” and 54% reported careful “decision making” process; lower “sense of belongingness,” “social stigma,” and higher “resilience” were reflected in responses by the majority of the participants (91%), and lastly, 73% reported difficulty in “emotional regulation.”

Conclusion:

Experiences of single-parent children can be both positive and negative. Strengths such as an increased sense of responsibility, decision-making, and resilience can be considered while dealing with the unique challenges faced by them.
Association of serum vitamin B12 with immuno-hematological parameters in treatment-naive HIV positive cases
Authors: Kavitha Kasipandy , Saharia Gautom Kumar , Singh Arvind Kumar , Mangaraj Manaswini
Published: August 2022

Background:

The manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and vitamin B12 deficiency overlap each other, so early diagnosis and intervention is important. The study aims to find out serum vitamin B12 level and its association with CD4 and CD8 count, clinical-staging, and hemato-biochemical status in newly diagnosed HIV positive cases.

Methodology:

Fifty-five confirmed HIV cases above 18 years of age and equal number of age and sex matched controls were recruited for the study. CD4 and CD8 counts were analyzed by Flow cytometer. Complete Blood Count, Serum vitamin B12, Folic acid, ferritin, and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) concentration were done.

Results:

Serum vitamin B12 was observed to be significantly low in HIV positive cases than healthy controls with a mean value of 240.62 ± 56.75 pg/ml and 317.57 ± 52.56 pg/ml, respectively. Decreased CD4 counts with elevated levels of ferritin and CRP was seen in HIV positive individuals. The subgroup analysis based on the levels of vitamin B12 was directly proportional to CD4 counts. CD8 counts also registered a significant association with serum B12 level, yet the response is not proportionate with the level of vitamin B12 deficiency. Nearly one-third of HIV positive cases revealed vitamin B12 deficiency.

Conclusion:

During the early stage, fast dividing immune cells cause increased consumption of micronutrients contributing toward vitamin B12 deficiency. It contributes to disorders in methylation affecting the immune function and NK Cell activity which increases the number of CD8 cells. Hence, vitamin B12 is a beneficial immunological modulator of HIV infection and can be a potent game changer in resource constrained set up.
Assessment of the elderly population’s health status as part of the clinical preventive services program
Authors: Prajapati Kshatrapal , Sangishetti Vijay Prasad , Joshi Abhishek , Mudey Abhay
Published: August 2022

Background:

Human resources are regarded as a country’s most valuable asset, and they play a critical role in economic development and growth. According to national policy, the elderly population is defined as 60 and up. Because of the rising demand for financial and social support due to health and related difficulties, the government is under pressure to adopt social policies for the elderly. Clinical preventive care can assist reduce the risks and expenses of chronic illness treatment and can prevent or delay disease onset.

Method:

The aged population of either sex who visit a rural health geriatric centre’s Outpatient department served as the study participants. Data were collected using a self-designed, pre-structured, and pre-validated questionnaire. The information was gathered in the form of a socio-demographic profile, which included all the necessary information, such as socioeconomic status, Body mass index (BMI), and personal habits. Visual examination, hearing, anaemia, musculoskeletal discomfort, diabetes mellitus, dermatological, hypertension, and female patients’ reproductive disorders were all included in the clinical examination.

Result:

A maximum of 263 (65.75%) of the subjects were in the age group of 60–69 years, 29.25% were labourers, and 38% were in modified BG Prasad class (III) of socioeconomic classification, 184 (46%) people had a BMI of 25–29.99 kg/m2. A total of 102 study participants (25.5%) had a chronic illness. 27.5% of the participants had hypertension, 11.8% had diabetes and coronary heart disease, 20.6% had hypertension and diabetes, and 10.8% had previously suffered from tuberculosis (TB). Hearing loss is a common complaint, and 5.5% reported issues with the genitourinary system, with nocturia accounting for 40.9%.

Conclusion:

The study participants, who were between the ages of 60 and 69, experienced a variety of chronic illnesses. The majority of the people in the study had hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and a TB history.
Assessment of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices in rural areas of Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Authors: Saxena Vartika , Verma Neha , Mishra Ashutosh , Jain Bhavna
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

The practice of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) is critical for a child’s growth and development throughout the first two years of life. Poor feeding habits in early childhood contribute to malnutrition and child mortality in India.

Aim and Objective:

To assess the IYCF practices in children under the age of 2 years.

Material and Methods:

In rural Uttarakhand, India, a cross-sectional study was undertaken from March 2021 to May 2021. A probability proportional to size (PPS) method was used to select 400 children under the age of 2 years. The World Health Organization IYCF questionnaire, was used to collect house to house data. An appropriate statistical test was used for analysing the data.

Results:

According to the findings, 47.5 percent of babies under the age of six months were nursed within the first hour of delivery. About 73.9 percent of babies were exclusively breastfed. Approximately 22 percent infants were given pre-lacteal feeds and 20 percent were bottle fed. In addition to breast milk, half of babies aged 6 to 8 months had solid, semi-solid, or soft meals, however minimum acceptable diet was provided to only 33.5 percent children. Odds of male child who were bottle fed in the age group of 6–23 months were 2.02 times higher to that of female child. Also the odds of male child in the age group of 6–8 months to be introduced with solids, semi-solid, or soft food were 4.91 times higher to that of female child. Similarly, odds of male child received minimum dietary diversity (2.35), minimum meal frequency (1.82), and minimum acceptable diet (2.35) in the age group of 6-23 months were found to be higher to that of female child in the similar age group. Total of six mothers reported coronavirus disease (COVID) positive status and only two of them breastfed their babies using COVID appropriate behavior.

Conclusion:

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has been practiced in more than two-thirds of children, but early breastfeeding is practised in less than half of children. Only one third children of more than six months of age are getting minimum acceptable diet.
Managing subglottic stenosis with Montgomery tube – Our experience
Authors: Mehta Rupa , Nagarkar Nitin M. , Kumar Badal , Chandran Megha , Arora Ripu Daman
Published: August 2022

Background:

The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the outcome of Montgomery T-tube insertion in our institution (AIIMS, Raipur). This study also throws light on its indications and complications.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study of 10 patients who presented with laryngotracheal stenosis and managed by Laryngofissure with Montgomery Tube insertion in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery atAll India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Raipur, India, during the period of January 2018- JUNE 2020.

Results:

The most common cause of laryngotracheal stenosis was prolonged intubation as seen in 80% patients.Majority of patients (40%) in this study were in the 3rd decade. In this study all the patients underwent tracheostomy prior to treatment for stenosis. The most common complication seen was surgical emphysema in post-operative period seen in 6 patients (60%) followed by crusting in 4 patients (40%), secondary granulation tissue formation in 4 patients (40%). Montgomery tube reinsertion had to be done in 2 patients (20%).

Conclusions:

Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) has always been and will remain a challenge to the otolaryngologistsand a multidisciplinary approach is required to tackle it.A multitude of surgeries have been described for the management of Laryngotracheal stenosis ranging from Endoscopic dilatation and cricotracheal resection with anterior and posterior grafting and anastomosis but many of them require specialized training and expertise,prolonged ICU care and have morbidity and mortality. ‘Laryngofissure and Montgomery Tube stenting provides a safe and easy treatment option which can be done at most centres provided appropriate case selection has been done.
Outcomes of Standard Operating Procedures Instituted for Non-COVID Outpatient Department During COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural India
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Gahukar Shailesh , Gupta Ashish , Bhupali Nameksh R , Mittal Neha
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

COVID-19 has emerged as a major health care problem during 2020. The risk of infection and transmission led to imposition of a severe lockdown by the government. The diversion of health care machinery towards the control of transmission, treatment of the infected individuals led to a compromise in delivery of care towards non-COVID ailments. This is truer in rural and unapproachable areas where the health facilities were already in jeopardy.

Study Design:

A prospective observational study was conducted from May 2020 to November 2020 at PGIMER satellite center, Sangrur.

Methods:

Standard operating procedures (SOP) were instituted for physical consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic at PGIMER satellite center, Sangrur, a branch of PGIMER, Chandigarh. These were approved by the committee constituted for this purpose. The effectiveness of these SOPs was reported as percentage of healthcare workers who contracted infection for non-COVID OPD.

Results:

A total of 9963 patients attended the Out Patient Department (OPD). Male to female ratio of the patients was 1.2:1. Maximum (6141) consultations were sought for general physician followed by ophthalmologist (1464). Majority of the consultation were for benign non-communicable disorders. Seventy patients who visited the OPD were referred for COVID-19 testing as they had symptoms of infection. A total of 5 (3.8%) incidents of COVID-19 infection were reported among the healthcare workers at the center.

Conclusions:

The SOPs proved effective in the delivery of physical care with low occupational hazard to the healthcare workers (HCW).
Prevalence and correlates of nicotine dependence among the construction site workers at IGIMS, Patna
Authors: Prasad Nidhi , Sinha Setu , Kumar Shishir , Kumar Binay
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Nicotine dependence has increased over the years and so has the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use. If the dependence is increasing, we must look for newer tobacco cessation strategies and implemented them. Tobacco causes premature deaths and nicotine dependence has both psychological and physical dependence.

Method:

The study was planned and an interview was conducted to collect the sociodemographic details, tobacco, and fagerstrom nicotine dependence scale - smokeless tobacco (FTND-ST) for nicotine dependence. The questionnaire was adopted from the WHO questionnaire and a pre-tested, predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire was used.

Result:

About almost half of the population is dependent on nicotine (51.6%). Daily smokeless tobacco users who are married and have a tobacco user in the family are mostly dependent on smokeless tobacco. Severity of smokeless tobacco dependence for nicotine dependence among smokeless tobacco users were associated with low academic achievement, increased awareness of side effects, and increase in duration and frequency of use.

Conclusion:

Nicotine dependence has increased despite efforts in the field in the recent years. Therefore, we need to have a mechanism for combining behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy that may increase smoking cessation rates.
A bibliometric review on the top 20 cited articles in the Jackson heart study
Authors: Shareef Mohammad Abrar , AlAmodi Abdulhadi A.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases are higher in African American population, and in the past three decades, less decline in mortality was observed in African Americans compared with white Americans American health disparities resulted in establishing one of the largest single-site investigations to examine causes of cardiovascular diseases in African American population, namely the Jackson Heart Study (JHS).

Methods:

In January 2020, we used the jacksonheartstudy.org website to obtain the list of publications produced by the JHS from 1999 to 2018. The citation’s frequency was obtained for 455 articles using the search engine “google.com”. The top 20 cited articles were characterized based on the first author’s name, the month and year of publication, and the journal’s name and its impact factor.

Results:

The frequency of citations for the 20 most-cited articles in the Jackson heart study ranged from 282 to 5545. The average number of citations was 1045.60. The top 20 articles were represented in 8 different peer-reviewed journals.

Conclusion:

The top 20 cited articles in the JHS were in the genetics field and were all observational in type. Future direction of the JHS should be directed toward well established interventional studies.
Design and development of a training video for Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) on brief psychological intervention for depression
Authors: Kapanee Aruna Rose Mary , Meena Kolar S. , Nattala Prasanthi , Manjunatha Narayana , Sudhir Paulomi M.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Depression poses a major public health burden and has a large treatment gap in India. The study attempts to address this treatment gap by developing a training video for Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), who are community health workers, on brief psychological intervention for depression.

Methods:

The systematic steps utilized in the design and development of the training video on depression were: 1) Content development of the video script and training booklet for ASHAs based on the review of research literature and two Focus Group Discussions, 2) Mental Health Professionals’ evaluation of the video script and training booklet for ASHAs, 3) Translation from English to Kannada, 4) ASHAs’ evaluation of the video script and training booklet for ASHAs, 5) Conversion of the video script into a ‘shooting script’, 6) Video production, 7) Evaluation of the training video, 8) Post-production of the training video, and 9) Development of the training guide.

Results:

The training video titled “Light of Hope: A Training Video on Depression” was developed along with two training booklets, which are complementary resource materials, for ASHAs and the training Facilitators. The brief psychological intervention for depression elucidated in the training video incorporates the evidence-based strategies of Psychoeducation, Activity Scheduling, Problem-Solving Skills Training, and Diaphragmatic/Abdominal Breathing Skills Training.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrates the systematic approach that can be employed for the design and development of a mental health training video, which has evidence-based content, incorporates stakeholders’ evaluative perspectives, and is culturally contextualized.
Association of atrial fibrillation with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Arnous Maha M. , Al Saidan Aseel A. , Al Dalbhi Sultan , Balghith Mohammed A. , Al Tahan Talal M. , Al Sayed Khalid A.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Many studies have provided evidence for an increased risk of atrial fibrillation among diabetic patients as compared to the nondiabetic population. It is also well known that diabetes predisposes a person to an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy. A few reviews and studies have hinted towards an increased risk of atrial fibrillation among diabetic nephropathy patients; however, there is no concrete evidence at present.

Aim:

To conduct a meta-analysis to explore if there is an association between diabetic nephropathy and atrial fibrillation.

Methods:

The available literature was searched for relevant studies from the period of January 1995 to November 2020. The following quality assessment criteria were considered for study shortlisting: clearly defined comparison groups, same outcome measured in both comparison groups, known confounders addressed, and a sufficiently long and complete (more than 80%) follow-up of patients. Two independent reviewers searched the databases, formed their search strategies, and finalized the studies. The data were analyzed to obtain a summary odds ratio along with a forest plot by Cochrane’s RevMan 5.3.

Results:

Only four studies were found to meet the inclusion criterion for this meta-analysis (total number of study participants: 307330, diabetic nephropathy patients: 22855). Of these, two were retrospective cross-sectional studies, one was a prospective cohort study, and one was a case-control study. Three studies had provided the odds ratio as the measure of effect (two retrospective cross-sectional studies and one case-control study), with the one cohort study reporting the hazards ratio as the measure of effect. Therefore, the meta-analysis was done excluding the cohort study. The summary odds ratio in the present study was 1.32 (0.80–2.18), which was not statistically significant. Due to large heterogeneity among the included studies and their small sample sizes, it was found that the summary estimate shifted towards the null value.

Conclusion:

The present meta-analysis found no significant association between atrial fibrillation and diabetic nephropathy. However, more studies with large sample sizes are required to strengthen the evidence for an association.
Association Between Household Food Insecurity and Nutritional Status Among Children of age <5 years
Authors: Burman Jayeeta , Paul Bobby , Sembiah Sembagamuthu , Parida Darshan , Negi Rudresh , Vantepaka Shankar , Subbakrishna N
Published: August 2022

Context:

Household food insecurity (HFI) is considered one of the main risk factors of undernutrition. However, the evidence is not conclusive in our study settings. This study aimed to examine the association between HFI and nutritional status.

Materials and Methods:

It was a community-based cross-sectional observational study among children of age <5 years and their mothers (n = 257) conducted in a slum of Kolkata, West Bengal, carried out from March to May 2019. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (version 16.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc.). Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the association.

Results:

The current study found that 72.4% of participants living in food-insecure households and the proportion of underweight, wasting, and stunting among the under-five children found to be 29.9%, 17.8%, and 27.2%, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed wasting and stunting associated with HFI, whereas in multivariable regression, only stunting remained significant.

Conclusion and Implications:

Food insecurity (FI) remains a predictor of chronic undernutrition (wasting and stunting) highlighting the need for multisectoral strategies and policies to combat FI and multiple forms of malnutrition which will lay the foundation for sustainable and inclusive growth.
Reclassification of Salivary Gland Aspirates Based on “The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytology”
Authors: Pahwa Saloni , Panjwani Poonam , Gnanapriya V
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

The Milan System for reporting salivary gland cytopathology helps standardize reporting systems across institutions, improve communication between clinicians and pathologists and guide the clinical management of patients.

Aims:

This study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of the Milan system classification in cytology reporting.

Settings and Design:

The present study is a retrospective study conducted over a period of five years in tertiary care centre.

Methods and Materials:

All the cases of salivary gland aspirates were reviewed and reclassified into six diagnostic categories according to the Milan system of reporting salivary gland cytology (MSRSGC). Cytological diagnosis was correlated with the histopathological diagnosis wherever available.

Results:

A total of 258 cases were classified using the Milan system as non-diagnostic (20.9%), non-neoplastic (26.3%), atypia of undetermined significance (4.7%), neoplasm benign (37.5%), neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (3.5%), suspicious for malignancy (0.4%), and malignancy (6.6%). Cytohistological discordance was noted among 8/76 cases (10.5%). The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC were 75% and 98.5%, respectively. The risk of malignancy was 14.2% for Category I, 9% for II, 50% for III, zero for IVA and IVB, and 83.3% for category VI.

Conclusions:

The new classification system helps pathologists to standardize reporting leading to better clinical and surgical management.
The Potential Use of Three-Dimensional Mobile Free-to-Use Web App to Increase Neurosurgical Patients’ Understanding in Low-Resource Setting
Authors: Putra Johansyah Theodorus Kevin , Sari Felicia Puspita , Satrio Kenny , Jonathan Jeremy , Andhika Yogiswara Made Dwi
Published: August 2022

Background:

Patient education has become a pivotal component in neurosurgery. However, it is difficult to ensure a good patient understanding, mainly due to the complex nature of the diseases and procedures. The increased utilization of technological advancements such as Internet and mobile devices has provided the opportunity for health-care professionals, including neurosurgeons to incorporate them into their practice. In this review, we present the potential use of a free, web-based, three-dimensional (3D) visualization app (BioDigital®) along with the practical steps needed to set it up.

Materials and Methods:

This journal is done by electronic searching using “Patient Education” and “Imaging, 3D” as keywords. Final 23 journals met the criteria for this paper, from 325 journals that were reviewed.

Results:

Three-dimensional visualization apps have the potential to provide better neurosurgical patient education.

Conclusion:

The ease of use, portable nature, and low barrier of entry of using 3D visualization apps are expected to provide better neurosurgical patient education in a low-resource setting.
Anesthesia Management of Bronchial Asthma in Cesarean Section: A Literature Review
Authors: Prabananda Adistana I Gede , Jumsa Muhammad Rizkinov , Zuhan Arif
Published: August 2022

Asthma is a chronic condition that is becoming more common around the world. Asthma has been demonstrated to affect pregnancy in several studies. Because the severity of asthma might fluctuate throughout pregnancy, it is important to know what kind of asthma medicine to take and how much to take. Increased perinatal mortality, stunted fetal growth, early birth, increased cesarean section, low birth weight, and postpartum hemorrhage are all concerns that uncontrolled asthma can cause in infants. The overall course of asthma has been observed to improve, deteriorate, or remain the same throughout pregnancy. Although previous research suggests that patients with more severe asthma are more likely to worsen their condition during pregnancy, other studies have found that asthma severity during pregnancy is comparable to asthma severity a year before pregnancy, as long as the patient takes their prescribed medications. Anxiety is a known asthma trigger; if necessary, it should be handled perioperatively. Spirometry and deep breathing should be encouraged to avoid atelectasis. Theophylline is generally contraindicated in asthmatic patients undergoing surgery, and it should be halted perioperatively if possible. Because the degree of anesthetic is reduced, tracheal extubation, while the patient is awake, reduces the risk of aspiration, but the tracheal tube can stimulate reflexes and cause bronchospasm. Bronchodilators may be used if bronchospasm occurs at the onset. Continued mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit may be required for refractory bronchospasm.
Key Predictors of Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study
Authors: Hartanto Wilopo Ivor Wiguna , Krisna Wibawa I Gusti Agung Bagus , Bagus Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde
Published: August 2022

Background:

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the gold standard for vascular access in renal replacement therapy. Despite the routine use of preoperative ultrasound mapping to increase the maturation rate of AVF creation, the failure rate was still high. This study aimed to identify the risk factors contributing to AVF maturation.

Methods:

A retrospective, single-center study was conducted in Sanglah General Hospital, Bali. The inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥18 years with end-stage renal disease who required hemodialysis and conducted AVF creation between January 2020 and December 2020. We next investigate the effects of demography characteristics, patient history, and preoperative vascular measurement on the AVF development to discover characteristics linked to AVF maturation. Multivariable logistic regression was performed.

Results:

Eighty patients were included in the study with a mean age of 50.99 ± 14.2 years. Bivariate analysis shows that there is association between preoperative vein diameter (relative risk [RR] = 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98–5.71); body mass index (BMI) (RR = 3; 95% CI: 1.99–4.60); history of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (RR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.39–3.48); and history of diabetes mellitus (RR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.16–3.32) with AVF maturation. Patient age, sex, history of smoking, hypertension, and vein distensibility were not associated with AVF maturation. Multivariate analysis shows that only BMI, PAD, and preoperative vein diameter >2 mm are associated with AVF maturation.

Conclusion:

History-taking and preoperative examination could be the significant predictors of AVF maturation. Further study with extensive samples’ various parameters is needed.
Giant Invasive Lumbosacral Spinal Schwannoma
Authors: Budiman Gondowardojo Yustinus Robby , Ompusunggu Sevline Estethia , Dahlan Rully Hanafi
Published: August 2022

Schwannoma is a tumor that comes from neural crest-derived Schwann cells. It comprises about 25%–30% of all spinal tumors. Giant invasive schwannoma of the spine is a neoplasm that extends in two or more levels of vertebrae, makes an erosion of vertebral bodies, and extends also into the extraspinal space. We report a case of giant invasive lumbosacral spinal schwannoma, clinical pictures, surgical procedures, and outcomes. A 25-year-old female came to our hospital with weakness of both lower extremities with progressive pin-and-needle sensation in both legs, followed by numbness that gets worsened for the past 2 years ago. Physical examination revealed paresthesia at dermatome L4, L5, S1 on both sides and physiological reflexes diminished on both sides. Motor examination showed decreasing activities of knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion, great toe extension, and ankle plantar flexion on both sides. Contrast lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging showed hypointense and hyperintense lesion at L2–L3–L5–S1 extending to corpus L4 that enhanced with contrast administration on T1- and T2-weighted image. Myelogram showed obliteration of subarachnoid cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) space. The patient underwent tumor resection and posterior stabilization. 90% of the tumor was resected. Good result was achieved after surgery. Surgery is the gold standard for this tumor, the goal of which is decompression of the nerve. Because of extensions of this tumor, careful preoperative planning and careful resection are very important. Gross total removal should improve neurological deficits. Further follow-up is required.
Associated Factors of Postthrombotic Syndrome in Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Ananta Wijaya Ida Bagus , Krisna Wibawa I Gusti Agung Bagus , Golden I Nyoman
Published: August 2022

Background:

The aim of the study is to describe the relationship between various risk factors and the incidence of postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) at Sanglah General Hospital.

Methods:

This was a case–control study conducted in 2019 at Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar. The presence or absence of risk factors in patients who met the inclusion criteria would then be obtained from medical records. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS.

Results:

From 48 patients, 60.5% of the subjects were ≤60 years old and 56.3% were female. In the bivariate analysis, it was found that not using anticoagulants (odds ratio [OR]: 7.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.03–26.10; P = 0.00), obesity (OR: 26.4; 95% CI = 5.54–125.7; P = 0.00), and history of surgery (OR: 4.94; 95% CI = 0.92–26.41; P = 0.04) were the risk factors associated with the incidence of PTS. Meanwhile, in the multivariate analysis, it was found that obesity status was the most dominant factor, in which obese patients had a 31.91-fold higher risk of experiencing PTS (95% CI: 4.623–220.3; P = 0.00).

Conclusion:

Obesity, not using anticoagulants, and history of surgery were the factors that were independently associated with the occurrence of PTS in patients with deep vein thrombosis.
Fears, perceptions, and concerns on COVID-19 of term pregnant women in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Ching Christine Mariz T. , Borbe Maria Michelle G.
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION:

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has left the vulnerable members of the society at risk, most especially pregnant women. This event has caused anxieties on their pregnancy journey. Their main concerns are the effects and transmissibility of the infection to them and to their unborn child. COVID-19 significantly affects their mental health status.

OBJECTIVES:

The purpose of this study is to determine the fears, perceptions, and common concerns of pregnant women during COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Manila.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is a prospective, cross-sectional study design that uses a pretested and validated questionnaire, which directly asks about the fears, perceptions, and common concerns on COVID-19 among pregnant women. The survey proper was conducted among singleton, term pregnant women aged 18 year old and above.

RESULTS:

The analysis included 313 respondents with a mean (± standard deviation) age of 31 ± 6 years. The three most common fears relayed by the pregnant women were (1) losing their babies if they get COVID-19 (67.41%); (2) dying if they get the infection (58.79%); and (3) getting a positive test result for COVID-19 (54.95%). Most of these patients (99.04%) were aware of the changes on their prenatal consultation and health care services. Majority of the participants (53.35%) raised their concerns on the in utero transmission of the virus and nosocomial COVID infection on their newborn from the hospital personnel (42.81%).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study showed that fear is a common emotion among pregnant women. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, it exacerbated their fears and raised concerns on the harmful effects that may bring on their well-being and on their unborn child. This pandemic had caused a significant impact on their mental health.
Association of total gestational weight gain and maternal and perinatal outcomes among pregnant patients using the institute of medicine 2009 gestational weight gain guidelines in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Liu Francesca Debbie L. , Borbe Maria Michelle G.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:

The aim of the study was to determine the association between total gestational weight gain (TGWG) and maternal and perinatal outcomes based on the Institute of Medicine 2009 gestational weight gain (GWG) guidelines among pregnant patients of the department of obstetrics and gynecology in a tertiary hospital.

METHODOLOGY:

Our analysis was carried out in a private hospital in Metro Manila, specifically in a tertiary hospital, in a prospective cohort study that included 565 pregnant women from June 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021. Body mass index (BMI) at initial prenatal visit <14 weeks' age of gestation and upon admission, birth weight, comorbidities were all assessed and recorded. Our main outcome measures were TGWG, perinatal outcomes (small for gestational age, large for gestational age, intrauterine fetal demise, and admission to neonatal intensive care unit), and maternal outcomes (gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, and preterm birth). The baseline anthropometric, maternal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, range and chi-square test was used to correlate total gestational weight gain against maternal and perinatal outcomes and a P-value less than 0.05 was statistically significant.

RESULTS:

In this study, the mean BMI was 23.6 kg/m2, and based on BMI classification, 8% were underweight, whereas 28.1% and 9% were overweight and obese, respectively. Based on the recommendations of TGWG on each BMI category, using Chi-square test, there was a significant association of having excess GWG and inadequate GWG against maternal and perinatal outcomes.

CONCLUSION:

Based on the study, women having excess or inadequate TGWG has effects on maternal and perinatal outcomes. Furthermore, women that are classified as overweight and obese in the first trimester have a higher risk of developing comorbidities.
Characteristics of COVID-19 positive pregnant patients admitted in a private tertiary hospital and their maternal and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Lim Josephine Alexandra D. , Gonzaga Zarinah G. , Hernandez-Nazal Mariles R.
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION:

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has had profound effects globally. Historical experience with previous Coronaviruses has shown increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, theoretically secondary to the physiologic changes of pregnancy. As of August 2021, the Philippines is the 23rd top country worldwide in terms of total number of cases, yet there remains to be a sparse pool of information both internationally and locally.

OBJECTIVES:

This study aims to present the prevalence, clinical characteristics, as well as the neonatal, obstetric, and maternal outcomes of all pregnant women admitted in the institution who had active or previous COVID-19 infection.

METHODOLOGY:

Retrospective review of data using the hospital's health information system was utilized. Within the study period, all admitted obstetric patients who had at least one positive result in a RT-PCR naso-oropharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 were included in this study and categorized into: (1) symptomatic, (2) recovered, and (3) asymptomatic.

RESULTS:

A total of 48 patients were included in the study, where prevalence of COVID-19 in pregnancy was 3.65%. Results showed that most patients were in the third trimester, and contrary to the non-pregnant population, majority (60.41%) did not have comorbidities. Most remained asymptomatic (33.33%) or had mild symptoms (18.75%), and underwent abdominal delivery (50%) for obstetric indications. COVID-19 status was not associated with adverse obstetric outcomes in this study population, but had significant association with preterm birth (p=0.019) and NICU admission (P=<0.001).

CONCLUSION:

Overall, most cases were asymptomatic and had good prognosis even with the adaptations a pregnant woman undergoes. In addition, neonatal outcomes were generally good regardless of the association with preterm birth and NICU admission. Lastly, there was no appreciated evidence for vertical transmission.
More than teen angst
Authors: Escudero Ma Rosila F. , Chua Lyra Ruth C.
Published: August 2022

A 17-year-old nulligravid presented with labile mood, insomnia, and hyper-productive speech for 2 days, which progressed to seizures. Cerebrospinal fluid was positive for anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibodies. Despite immunotherapy and seizure prophylaxis, she had status epilepticus and rapid decrease in sensorium. She was placed on ventilatory support and was admitted in the intensive care unit. On the 44th hospital day, an incidental finding of an ovarian teratoma was seen on abdominal computed tomography scan. She underwent right salpingo-oophorectomy, which revealed an immature teratoma. The absence of an intensive care admission and prompt surgery and immunotherapy are known predictors of good outcome in anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, with improvement seen in 80% of patients. Because most ovarian teratomas are only diagnosed as an incidental finding, anti-NMDAR encephalitis with a concurrent ovarian teratoma should be suspected in young females presenting with sudden-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms, to provide the timely intervention necessary for a good prognosis.
Fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Sadigh Sepideh Lotfi , Özer Serdar , Bulut Elif G. , Yavaş Güliz F.
Published: August 2022

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a progressive and benign osteodystrophic disease where cranial bones are most commonly affected. In this case report, we present a 27-year-old patient with previous diagnosis of FD who was referred to our clinic with sudden loss of visual acuity and color discrimination. Examination of the right eye was normal, whereas visual acuity on the left eye was 6/9 and color vision (CV) with Ishihara test plates was 9/12. The visual field (VF) demonstrated a peripheral concentric defect on the left eye. As visual acuity in the left eye decreased to 6/30 and computed tomography imaging of the brain and orbit showed optic nerve compression by immature bony structures, optic nerve decompression was recommended with the diagnosis of compressive optic neuropathy. Endoscopic transnasal orbital and optic canal decompression was performed. At the postoperative course, visual acuity on the left eye turned to 6/6, CV was 12/12, and VF improved markedly. In subjects with craniofacial FD, a multidisciplinary approach is important. If there is evidence of compressive optic neuropathy, surgery should be performed.
Identification and enjoyment of food items is reduced in dysosmic subjects: a pilot study
Authors: Allensworth J.J. , Schlosser R.J. , Soler Z.M.
Published: August 2022

Background: Although dysosmia affects a significant proportion of the adult population, there are a paucity of studies addressing its impact on flavor perception and food enjoyment. This study aimed to assess flavor perception and food enjoyment in subjects with and without dysosmia, comparing performance of items considered olfactory-dominant or trigeminal-dominant. Methods: Adult subjects prospectively underwent Sniffin' Sticks olfactory testing from which threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) scores were used to identify dysosmic (TDI < 31) and normosmic subjects (TDI >31). Forced-choice, blinded flavor identification testing was performed using 8 flavor extracts and 8 real-food purees of either trigeminal- or olfactory-dominant flavor profile. Food enjoyment was quantified using visual analog scales. Results: Forty-one subjects were enrolled, including 20 dysosmics and 21 normosmics, with no difference in age or gender. Compared with normosmics, dysosmic subjects had significantly lower identification of extracts and purees. Among dysosmics, overall identification of trigeminal-dominant extracts and foods was higher than olfactory-dominant extracts and foods. Compared with normosmics, dysosmic subjects reported significantly reduced enjoyment of olfactory-dominant extracts and foods; however, there was no significant difference in enjoyment of trigeminal-dominant extracts or foods. Conclusions: Identification and enjoyment of food items is reduced in dysosmic subjects, with the greatest impact in olfactory items. These findings suggest that diet modification might lead to greater enjoyment in those with dysosmia.
Об одной задаче с условиями сопряжения для уравнения
четного порядка с дробной производной в смысле Капуто
Authors: Irgashev Bakhrom Yusuphanovich
Published: August 2022

В работе для уравнения высокого четного порядка
с дробной производной в смысле Капуто изучена задача,
в прямоугольной области, с условиями сопряжения.
Дан критерий единственности решения. Решение построено
в виде ряда Фурье по собственным функциям одномерной задачи.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Гиперинвариантные замкнутые идеалы
для финитно квазинильпотентного набора операторов
Authors: Liu Jun Feng
Published: August 2022

В этой статье доказывается, что если $\mathscr C\ne\{0\}$ является
набором непрерывных операторов с модулем на $\ell_p$-пространстве
($1\le p<\infty$), который конечно квазинильпотентен для модулей на
ненулевом положительном векторе $x_0$ в $\ell_p$, то $\mathscr C$ и
его правый модульный подкоммутант $\mathscr C'_m$ имеют общий
нетривиальный инвариантный замкнутый идеал.
Библиография: 6 названий.
О свойствах колец интегро-дифференциальных операторов и соответствующих им уравнений
Authors: Chistyakov Viktor Filimonovich
Published: August 2022

В работе рассматриваются системы линейных интегро-дифференциальных уравнений, включая
системы с тождественно вырожденной в области определения матрицей при старшей
производной искомой вектор-функции. Доказана теорема о разрешимости таких систем
уравнений. На ее основе показано, что кольцо операторов, соответствующих этим
системам, содержит полугруппу операторов, для которых определен левый обратный
оператор из этого кольца.
Библиография: 5 названий.
О пространствах орбит дистрибутивных бинарных $G$-пространств
Authors: Gevorgyan Pavel Samvelovich
Published: August 2022

Исследуется пространство орбит дистрибутивного бинарного
$G$-пространства и устанавливается ряд его свойств в случае
компактной бинарно действующей группы $G$.
Библиография: 5 названий.
Changes in Onchocerciasis Ov16 IgG4 Rapid Diagnostic Test Results Over One-Month Follow-up: Lessons for Reading Timeframe and Decision-Making
Authors: Nana-Djeunga Hugues C. , Sicard Capucine M. , Mogoung-Wafo Aude E. , Chesnais Cédric B. , Deléglise Hugo , Touka-Nounkeu Rufine , Domche André , Golden Allison , Klion Amy D. , Nutman Thomas B. , Boussinesq Michel , Kamgno Joseph , Pion Sébastien D.
Published: August 2022

The SD Bioline® IgG4 rapid diagnostic test (RDT) detects IgG4 antibodies induced by the Onchocerca volvulus-specific antigen Ov16. We evaluated the stability of the RDT results over 1 month, at different time points after completion of each assay, using eluted dried blood spots collected in central Cameroon. Agreement coefficients regarding positivity between 30 minutes and 24 hours, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks were, 96.4%, 93.4%, 93.3%, 93.2%, and 93.2%, respectively. Between 30 minutes and 24 hours, 3.6% of the 15,444 tests showed inconsistent results with 81.2% of these tests changing from negative to positive, increasing O. volvulus antibody prevalence from 23.9% to 26.2% (P < 0.0001). This change from negative to positive outcome was confirmed at the subsequent timepoints. Depending on the desired accuracy of prevalence estimates, reading time may have to be redefined more strictly.