bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevated Levels of the Cytokine LIGHT in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Cardinale Christopher J , Abrams Debra J , Mentch Frank D , Cardinale John A , Wang Xiang , Kao Charlly , Sleiman Patrick M A , Hakonarson Hakon
Published: January 2023

LIGHT (homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes), encoded by the TNFSF14 gene, is a cytokine belonging to the TNF superfamily. On binding to its receptors, herpes virus entry mediator and lymphotoxin β receptor, it activates inflammatory responses. We conducted this study to determine whether plasma LIGHT levels are elevated in Crohn’s disease (CD) in a pediatric population with the aim of nominating this cytokine as a therapeutic target. We used a single-molecule immunoassay to determine the circulating levels of free LIGHT in plasma from pediatric patients with CD in our biobank (n = 183), a panel of healthy pediatric (n = 9) or adult (n = 22) reference samples, and pediatric biobank controls (n = 19). We performed correlational analyses between LIGHT levels and the clinical characteristics of the CD cohort, including age, Montreal classification, family history, medical/surgical therapy, and routine blood test parameters. LIGHT levels were greatly elevated in CD, with an average of 305 versus 32.4 pg/ml for controls from the biobank (p < 0.0001). The outside reference samples showed levels of 57 pg/ml in pediatric controls and 55 pg/ml in adults (p < 0.0001). We found a statistically significant correlation between white blood cell count and free LIGHT (p < 0.046). We conclude that free, soluble LIGHT is increased 5- to 10-fold in pediatric CD across an array of disease subtypes and characteristics.
An index of environmental and cultural suitability for the cultivation of climate-resilient castor bean in rainfed low-productivity common lands in Mexico
Authors: Vázque Chun Carolina , Peña Uribe Gabriel de Jesús , López Santos Armando , Meraz Jiménez Antonio de Jesús
Published: January 2023

Castor bean plants yield commercially important oilseeds with multiple uses; they are characterised by tolerance to drought and adaptation to marginal soils in arid and semi-arid regions. In northern Mexico, a large amount of arid land is categorised as “ejidos”: a system of mixed land ownership managed under a specific legal system, where land users have access to common or individual (parcelled) land. This work aimed to examine the suitability of castor bean cultivation on unused marginal land in ejido land. To determine the environmental suitability of the ejido lands of Coahuila, Mexico, we adapted a land Productivity Index (PI) from an existing method; it consisted of a set of biophysical indicators (edaphic factors, climate, and topography) adapted to castor bean cultivation. We then complemented this index with a “cultural component”, assessing the ethnobotanical knowledge of the people, their willingness to implement a new crop type, and the type and current use of the land. As a result, we found that 114,300 ha of ejido land (1.76% of the total) were very suitable for castor bean cultivation according to the Environmental-PI and that 808,524 ha of ejido land (12.4% of the total) was very suitable according to the Cultural-PI. We also hypothesised that the willingness of “ejidatarios” to cultivate castor beans was related to their degree of knowledge about the plant and the land available for its cultivation; however, their willingness was mostly related to differences in land tenure: “ejidatarios” who own parcelled land were more interested in obtaining benefits from the land through the implementation of novel crops, compared to those who only have access to common land.
Highlights • In Mexico, the “ejido” is a unique land ownership and management system where users have access to common or individual (parcelled) land. • According to our Environmental Productivity Index, 114,300 ha of ejido land in Coahuila, México, were very suitable for castor bean cultivation. • This index was complemented with a “cultural component” gauging the people’s perception and willingness to introduce castor bean as a new crop. • 808,524 ha (12.4%) of ejido land were very suitable for castor bean cultivation according to the cultural component of our index. • Differences in land tenure most strongly influence the willingness of the ejido people to cultivate castor beans.
Diabetic Neuropathy, a Cause of Pulmonary Dysfunction in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gautam Piyush , Faraz Ahmad , Ashraf Hamid , Singhal Sangeeta
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is most commonly associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). About 66% of diabetic patients have either clinical or subclinical neuropathy.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and twenty patients were enrolled in our study, 60 patients are of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with neuropathy (DPN), and 60 were of T2DM without neuropathy. They were assessed for neuropathy. Serum fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and duration of disease were obtained from the patients. Forced expiratory volume at the 1st s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity were recorded and % FEV1 was calculated.

Results:

The mean age of T2DM with neuropathy was 49.17 ± 7.1 and in patients of T2DM without neuropathy was 46.63 ± 8.028. The mean value of % FEV1 in T2DM with neuropathy is 95.45 ± 7.16, while in T2DM without neuropathy, it is 83.53 ± 6.22, and the difference was statistically significant. Linear correlation of % FEV1 with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r = 0.474, P = 0.008) and HbA1C (r = 0.588, P = 0.001) shows a statistically significant association in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The standardized β weights of FPG, postprandial plasma glucose, and HbA1C show significant values in patients of DPN.

Conclusion:

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is associated with decreased pulmonary function as compared to patients of diabetes without neuropathy, the glycemic status of patients may also adversely affect % FEV1. Thus, proper control of hyperglycemia will decrease the further progression of the disease. We also suggest performing pulmonary function test in patients of diabetes mellitus with DN in the preoperative period so as to optimize the perioperative care.
Comparison of Vitamin D Status between Resident and Nonresident Bangladeshis with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alam Muhammad Shah , Kalam Syeda Tanzina , Saha Rahul , Kamrul-Hasan A. B. M.
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives:

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is highly prevalent in both healthy population and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bangladesh. Data on Vitamin D status in nonresident Bangladeshi (NRB) individuals with T2DM are scarce. We conducted this study to compare the Vitamin D status between resident and NRBs.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study evaluated 234 patients with T2DM (109 resident Bangladeshis [RBs] and 125 NRBs) attending a specialized diabetes hospital in Cumilla city, Bangladesh, from July 2021 to February 2022. Serum 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL defined VDD.

Results:

The mean age of the study participants was 42.5 ± 9.4 years; the frequencies of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c ≥7%) were 79.1%, 45.7%, 93.6%, and 88.9%, respectively. The Middle East countries were the residing countries of most (92.8%) of the NRBs. Higher frequencies of smokers and dyslipidemia were observed among RBs. The body mass index and HbA1c were higher, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower among NRBs than RBs. In the study participants, the mean 25(OH)D level was 25.7 ± 10.2 ng/mL; 30.3%, 38.5%, and 31.2% of the study participants were sufficient, insufficient, and deficient in Vitamin D, respectively. RBs and NRBs had similar 25(OH)D levels (25.7 ± 11.9 vs. 25.8 ± 8.5 ng/mL, P = 0.948) and VDD status (36.7% vs. 26.4%, P = 0.124).

Conclusion:

Low Vitamin D is highly prevalent in both RBs and NRBs with T2DM though they have similar Vitamin D levels and comparable rates of VDD. Further studies are needed to determine the factors that influence Vitamin D status in our people.
Mesh infection of Mycobacterium fortuitum after inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Chen Lu , Huang Gengwen
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE:

Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common operations worldwide. The standard procedure now is tension-free hernioplasty with mesh implantation. Mesh repairs obviously reduce the rate of hernia recurrence and alleviate the pain. However, mesh infection is one of the most serious complications, which usually causes secondary operation. At present, no standard treatment measures of mesh infections, especially for rare pathogens such as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), are available.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We present an unusual case of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection of implanted mesh after inguinal hernia repair. Medline and PubMed databases were searched using the keywords mentioned subsequently, and the literature on treatment measures of mesh infection of M. fortuitum and other subtypes of NTM after inguinal hernia repair is reviewed.

RESULTS:

Mesh infections of M. fortuitum are very rare after inguinal hernia repair. The infection is hard to diagnose and complex to treat. However, it has characteristic clinical manifestations. With early recognition and specific tests, clinicians can still confirm the infection. Treatments include antibiotics and surgical intervention. Mesh displantation is considered to be necessary and needs to be conducted as soon as possible.

CONCLUSION:

When a mesh infection is present, it is important to check the wound before obtaining bacteriological evidence. Once the mycobacteria infection is suspected, corresponding tests should be taken immediately. With appropriate treatment, patients will likely make a full recovery.
Some more time with an old friend
Authors: Kulacoglu Hakan
Published: January 2023

Lichtenstein repair (LR) was described by Irving Lichtenstein in mid-1980s, and was announced to be the gold standard for the treatment of inguinal hernias in 1990s. The technique is a tension-free repair with a prosthetic patch. Today LR is one of the most widely used surgical methods in the world, but it is hard to talk about uniformity in the technique among surgeons. Almost every surgeon has made some modifications to the technique and produced somewhat different repairs independently. In this paper, the original LR and the suggested modifications by the Institute are reviewed, and some critical points are presented with intraoperative photographs. LR is an economic choice, easy to learn, and can be performed with local anesthesia especially when the patient is frail. The technique requires a permanent prosthetic patch. Mesh fixation should be done with separate sutures preferably with monofilament absorbable material. Mesh size should not be kept small, and a 2-cm overlap should be provided beyond the pubic tubercle. A 15 cm × 7 cm commercial mesh can be trimmed and used. Mesh should extend laterally to the internal inguinal ring for 5–6 cm. A proper technique in LR is important for low recurrence and chronic pain rates. Therefore, every surgeon at every level of her/his carrier must know how to perform a decent LR.
Effectiveness of Foot Reflexology on Blood Pressure among Patients with Hypertension in a Selected Hospital, Mangaluru
Authors: Ann Joseph , Victoria D'Almeida , Shwetha Rashmi , Preethi Fernandes
Published: January 2023

Hypertension has emerged as a major health problem in developing countries. Reflexology can lower a high blood pressure through effects on relaxation, through blood vessel dilation and through a diuretic effect. The aim of the study was to find the effectiveness of foot reflexology on blood pressure among patients with hypertension. An experimental study design was adopted. Thirty-six in-patients with hypertension were selected from a selected hospital at Mangaluru by purposive sampling technique and were assigned to the intervention and control group by random allocation using closed envelope method (n = 18 + 18). Foot reflexology was administered to the subjects in the intervention group, whereas the control group received the routine care. The blood pressure was checked before and after the intervention or standard care using a digital sphygmomanometer in both the groups. Data collection was continued for three consecutive days. The one-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between mean pre-test and the mean post-test level of systolic (F
(5,13) = 77.30, P = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (F
(5,13) = 40.98, P = 0.001) of the intervention group at various time intervals. The unpaired t-test showed that there was a significant difference in the mean post-test level of systolic (t
(34) = 6.55, P = 0.001) and diastolic (t
(34) = 8.46, P = 0.001) blood pressure between the intervention and control groups. Foot reflexology as a complementary therapy is effective in reducing hypertension, which also is cost-effective and safe.
Influence of Online Education Programmes on Parents' Knowledge Regarding Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination
Authors: Abra Pearl C. T. , Navaneetha M. , Malarvilizhi S. , Mony K. , Chinnadurai R.
Published: January 2023

Cancer ranks as a leading cause of death and an important barrier to increasing life expectancy in every country of the world. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is identified as a preventable cause of genital cancer. HPV vaccination for adolescents helps in prevention of HPV infection, but vaccine uptake is poor due to lack of knowledge amongst parents. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of online education programme regarding HPV vaccination on the knowledge of parents of school-going adolescents. Applying the conceptual framework developed based on King's goal attainment theory, an experimental study was conducted amongst a sample of 360 parents. Samples were selected in three groups and were given online education on HPV vaccination using three different methods, namely lecture, short film and self-learning booklet. Pre- and post-intervention knowledge was assessed with a structured questionnaire. The mean score in pre-test for the three groups was 4.95 (standard deviation [SD] = 4.17), 6.33 (SD = 4.76) and 5.73 (SD = 4.91) which increased to 14.27 (SD = 4.68), 17.45 (SD = 4.14) and 12.04 (SD = 3.47), respectively, in the post-test which was significant at P < 0.001. All the three methods of education were effective in improving the knowledge. The maximum increase was seen in Group 2 educated using the short film. The conceptual model developed based on King's goal attainment theory was an excellent guide in the conduction of the study. All three methods of online education programmes were effective in influencing the parent's knowledge regarding HPV vaccination, and the short film had a better effect compared to the lecture and self-learning booklet.
Exploring the Concept of Good Death among the Terminally Ill Patients
Authors: Earnest Devakirubai , Gnanadurai Angela
Published: January 2023

Transition in disease epidemiology has led to a significant increase in non-communicable diseases worldwide. This had led to an increase in patients with a terminal illness that requires quality EOL care. Providing excellent care for a dying patient is something all patients deserve. Recent studies have suggested that good death is the primary endpoint of end-of-life (EOL) care. The aim of the study was to assess the concept of good death amongst terminally ill patients. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The study was conducted in a hospice in Chennai. A total of 120 terminally ill patients were selected purposively. An open-ended question was used to assess the concept of good death. Frequency and percentage for each of the responses were calculated. Three-fourth (75%) of the patients considered 'death without pain' as a good death. Following this, death during sleep (21.66%), death in the presence of a loved one (17.5%) completion of responsibilities (10%), death without suffering (9.16%), sudden death (5%) and death while being independent (4.16%) were termed as a good death. Quality EOL care is synonymous with holistic compassionate EOL care. Study findings conclude that nurses may be utilised in a more formalised and systematic way to deal with the psychosocial existential issues during EOL care and thus enhancing good death in patients.
Congenital melanocytic nevus of the eyelids: divided by borders, united by color
Authors: Patial Tushar , Kaur Amandeep , Uppal Sanjeev Kumar , Mittal Rajinder Kumar , Thakur Bhavya
Published: January 2023

Congenital melanocytic nevus of the eyelid, also known as the “panda nevus of the eyelid,” is a rare presentation of a congenital nevus. It presents as a divided lesion over the upper and lower eyelids. We describe a case of a 25-year-old female who presented to us with this lesion over the right upper and lower eyelids who underwent surgical excision with a full-thickness graft for the residual defect.
Access to Medications Is a Health Care Right: Filling Prescriptions Should Not Be a Luxury
Authors: Smith Eleanor
Published: January 2023

In the summer of 2022, my daughter came down with an ear infection after suffering from several different upper respiratory infections that followed an initial infection of COVID-19. Her cough had been ongoing for about six to eight weeks after her COVID-19 infection had resolved. At this juncture, her primary care physician prescribed an inhaler. While this would eventually prove to be ineffective, this was the last-line treatment before a referral to the Ear Nose and Throat physician and a subsequent tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. But, before that chapter of the journey began, I entered the retail pharmacy where I have always filled my prescriptions for my children. Re-imbursement for the inhaler was denied by my insurance. The out-of-pocket cost would be $250.
The New Congress and Pharmacy Benefit Manager Reform: Will the Insurers Escape Again?
Authors: Baldwin Paul
Published: January 2023

The Pharmacy Benefit Management industry is one which seems to attract bipartisan scorn, similar to the pharmaceutical manufacturers. Despite widespread criticism for many years, the manufacturers were finally presented with a big setback with the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act, which included a provision to require price negotiation in Medicare for prescription drugs. The provision does not go into effect until 2026, giving manufacturers time to escape-if they are able.
"Дальнодействие" концентрированных масс в двумерных задачах Неймана и Дирихле
Authors: Nazarov Sergei Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2023

Исследуются собственные числа краевых задач Неймана и Дирихле в двумерной области, содержащей несколько мелких, диаметром $O(\varepsilon)$, включений большой "плотности" $O(\varepsilon^{-\gamma})$, $\gamma\geqslant2$, т. е. "масса" $O(\varepsilon^{2-\gamma})$ каждого из них cравнима по порядку ($\gamma=2$) или превосходит ($\gamma>2$) "массу" объемлющего материала. Построена модель такой спектральной задачи о концентрированных массах, которая (модель) обеспечивает асимптотические представления собственных чисел с остатками, имеющими степенной порядок малости $O(\varepsilon^{\vartheta})$ при $\varepsilon\to+0$ и $\vartheta\in(0,1)$. При этом поправочные члены - вещественные аналитические функции параметра $|{\ln \varepsilon}|^{-1}$. Обнаружено "дальнодействие" включений на уровнях $|{\ln \varepsilon}|^{-1}$ или $|{\ln \varepsilon}|^{-2}$. Результаты получены при помощи техники весовых пространств с отделенной асимптотикой, а также весовых оценок решений предельных задач в ограниченной проколотой области и на целой плоскости.
Библиография: 37 наименований.
О теореме Романова
Authors: Radomskii Artyom Olegovich
Published: January 2023

Получены некоторые результаты, связанные с теоремой Романова.
Библиография: 9 наименований.
Optimal information usage in binary sequential hypothesis testing
Authors: Dorpinghaus Meik , Neri Izaak , Roldan Edgar , Julicher Frank
Published: January 2023

Представляется интересным вопрос о возможности придания теоретико-информационной интерпретации оптимальным алгоритмам последовательной проверки гипотез. В работе доказывается, что для бинарного последовательного критерия отношения вероятностей, применяемого к непрерывному наблюдаемому процессу, имеет место равенство нулю условной взаимной информации между наблюдаемым процессом до момента принятия решения и фактической гипотезой при условии заданного значения решающей переменной. Этот результат можно интерпретировать как оптимальность использования информации о гипотезе, доступной в наблюдениях с помощью последовательного критерия отношения вероятностей. Как следствие, равна нулю также условная взаимная информация между случайным временем принятия решения последовательного критерия отношения вероятностей и фактической гипотезой при условии заданного значения решающей переменной.
Об оптимальном стохастическом линейно-квадратическом регуляторе при разнонаправленных временных предпочтениях в целевом функционале
Authors: Palamarchuk Ekaterina S
Published: January 2023

Проводится анализ линейной стохастической системы управления в долгосрочном периоде. Предполагается, что квадратичный целевой функционал содержит взаимно обратные множители, зависящие от времени. Такая специфика служит отражением разнонаправленных временных предпочтений субъектов по оценке разных видов потерь. При этом рассматривается ситуация приоритетного учета издержек, относящихся к состоянию. Находится вид закона управления, оптимального по критериям обобщенных долговременных средних. Приводятся условия, при которых существует альтернативная оптимальная стратегия, определяемая на основе решения алгебраического уравнения Риккати.
Adverbial Superlative Forms Outside the Degree System: Lexical and Operational Units
Authors: Danielewiczowa Magdalena
Published: January 2023

The article seeks to determine the status of adverbial superlative forms which do not ex- press the superlative and which thus fall outside the degree system in contemporary Pol- ish. Some of these expressions have become lexicalized and have entered two classes of units: particles (e.g., najpewniej ‘surely’, najwidoczniej ‘apparently’, najwyraźniej ‘clear- ly’) and adverbial meta-predicates (e.g., najspokojniej ‘calmly’, najzwyczajniej ‘simply’, najlepiej ‘the best’). Others have become elements of idiomatic expressions or performa- tives such as, e.g. najmocniej przepraszam ‘I sincerely apologize’, najserdeczniej witam ‘I cordially welcome (you)’, najuprzejmiej dziękuję ‘I kindly thank (you)’, najgoręcej namawiam ‘I highly recommend’. However, there are also superlative forms which act as the domain of several interesting operations, see, e.g., Bogusławski (1978, 1987, 2010a), the latter being of a grammatical, rather than lexical nature. One such operation re- sults in the creation of expressions such as jak najszybciej ‘in the quickest possible way’, jak najweselej ‘in the most enjoyable way’, jak najdłużej ‘in the longest possible way’, etc. Another important operation yields such constructions as najpóźniej w środę ‘on Wednesday at the latest’, najdalej 20 kilometrów od centrum ‘at most 20 km away from the centre’, najrzadziej raz do roku ‘at least once a year’, najgrubiej na pół centymetra ‘half a centimeter at the thickest’, etc. Contrary to the view held by Grochowski (2008), it is argued here that the superlatives which occur in these constructions should not be re- garded as independent lexical units. Nor should the metatextual comments such as naj­ krócej  ‘to put it briefly / briefly put [lit.  most briefly]’, najogólniej  ‘most generally ’ be regarded as such, though for a different reason. In these comments, the superlatives – referring to the act of speaking – retain their standard meanings (cf. krótko / krócej  ‘ succinctly / more succinctly’, ogólnie / ogólniej  ‘generally / more generally ’). A number of pragmatic effects associated with the use of superlative forms also deserve individual treatment; they include, for instance, metonymic shortcuts (najlepsi ‘the best’ [pl.], najbogatsi ‘the richest’ [pl.]) or conversational implicatures (wypadł nie najgorzej → wypadł całkiem dobrze ‘he did not do so badly / he did not do so bad’ → ‘he did pretty well’).
System komunikacji zewnętrznej jako element kontroli zarządczej – partycypacja i komunikowanie w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Tubek Beata
Published: January 2023

The aim of the article is to present the role of one of the elements of this framework management control „information and communication” which is the basis for participatory management in the public sector. Communication processes are an important and fundamental element of participation, and consequently, communication tools belong to participatory public management instruments. The study uses methods of analysis of acts of applicable law, standards, sources, documents, recommendations and guidelines of the Minister of Finance in the area of implementation of management control, the results of which are the outcomes of the use of methods of induction and descriptive deduction. The result is a confirmation of the usefulness and importance of „information and communication” and their flow in the management control system as an important element of social participation in public finance sector units.
Wykorzystanie budżetu obywatelskiego w procesie rewitalizacji – przykład Ostrowa Wielkopolskiego
Authors: Zięba Dominika
Published: January 2023

The article focuses on the issue of the correlation between the civic budget and the revitalization process on the example of solutions adopted in Ostrów Wielkopolski, where the civic budget has been used as one of the revitalization tools. Ostrów Wielkopolski was the first Polish city to use such solutions. From 2019, the category of revitalization tasks is separated as part of the annual civic budget of Ostrów Wielkopolski, in which co-financing can be provided for selected by residents social projects implemented in the revitalization area. The article presents the assumptions and results of the implementation of the civic budget as a revitalization tool in Ostrów Wielkopolski, on the basis of which the author analyzed the possibility of using the civic budget institution in the comprehensive revitalization process conducted by local governments.
Limitująca funkcja zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju
Authors: Nowak Franciszek
Published: January 2023

The concept of sustainable development, created in the second half of the twentieth century, as a response to the growing environmental crisis and inequalities between the countries of the so-called North and South, was incorporated into the Polish legal system as one of the main principles of political system and environmental protection law. Despite the primary ratio of incorporation of the sustainable development principle, which was i.a. limitation of the most environmentally harmful aspects of human activities, in the theory and practice of law, it rather serves as a justification for the realization of projects that may have a significant negative impact on the environment, despite the arguments speaking against in the field of environmental protection, and its function is marginalized. It seems that this interpretation is not correct. According to the law in force, in the time of the climate crisis, the emphasis should be put mainly on the limiting function of the sustainable development principle, and the limits in which the human activity should be realized have been set in it and can be objectively, scientifically determined. These limits are determined by maintaining natural balance and persistence of the basic natural processes necessary for the society to function in a wider time perspective. Recognition that the principle of sustainable development should predominantly limit human activity and strengthen the principles of environmental protection could contribute to preventing the worst effects of the climate crisis, by refraining from executing investments that would make it impossible to stop global warming at 1.5°C.
The Separation Between Refugees – Immigrants and their Children During Transportation
Authors: Quissa Antonia Stefania
Published: January 2023

The family separation between immigrant – refugee parents and their children is a global phenomenon. This research is focused on the dissociation that is taking place during transportation from the countries of origin to receiving countries. Every year United States accept thousands of immigrants from Central America who are segregated under ‘zero-tolerance’ immigration policy (ZTP). However, the same issue afllicts refugees who are trying to cross the Central Mediterranean Sea to enter Europe. But then, United States and European Union established legislations and bills to prevent that kind of parting and to promote the family’s reconnection. The key strength is the impact of separation, as a toxic experience during childhood, is intolerable for all the members of family. Children experience trauma, which affects their mental and physical health. Additionally, parents develop depression, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and become victims of suicide. Finally, family unity protects children’s lives and supports family’s integration in the host countries.
The impact of the clash between the CJEU Case Law concerning rule of law and the Constitutional Court in Romania on the criminal legislation, investigation and fight against corruption
Authors: Ivan Dragoș Lucian , Manea Teodor
Published: January 2023

This scientific research shall explore the recent jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the EU on the rule of law regarding Poland, Hungary and Romania. We shall strive to identify the nexus between the ground-breaking judgments and the prospects for criminal legislation and criminal investigation by analysing the arguments of the parties and the reasoning of the courts. We believe that judgements in the cases of Poland, Hungary and Romania represent the Court of Justice’s incrementalist response to a perceived process of rule of law backsliding which was perceived as a threat to EU values at the community level and as a threat to the ability of the justice system to prevent corruption at the national level. Backsliding is believed to first emerged in Hungary before spreading to Poland, but serious cases were already existing in Romania.
Prywatność w erze bezzałogowych statków powietrznych w świetle wartości Karty praw podstawowych Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Bernacka Julia
Published: January 2023

The article presents the issues of unmanned aerial vehicles, i.e. drones, in the context of one of the fundamental rights – the right to privacy. However, the author focuses mainly on drones used for entertainment purposes. The first part of the article is an introduction to the issue of privacy on the basis of European Union law and Polish legislation, as well as an analysis of the problem in the light of the value of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Later on, she looks for answers to the questions: what are unmanned aerial vehicles, how is their use legally regulated and above all, whether today the privacy of citizens may be in some way threatened by drones. Then the author goes on to consider possible violations, also in the aspect of personal data protection. The conclusion is a concise summary of the issues discussed and a comparison of the results of the analysis with the guarantees resulting from the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.
Economic Diplomacy and Human Rights: In search of a Democratic Framework
Authors: Papastamou Andreas
Published: January 2023

Current challenges of economic diplomacy make even more urgent the need for strong human rights legislation, involving not only democratically elected governments but also non-state actors such as civil society, local authorities (mega cities outnumber many countries), businesses, and universities. The paper focuses on three problems of the delicate relationship of economic diplomacy with the protection of human rights: – the new shift in economic and commercial power from the Northwestern developed countries to Southeastern emerging economies with serious deficits in the functioning of democratic institutions, but with a rapidly emerging middle class, with serious ambitions for change (in a positive or negative direction), – the “energy security”, as the Russian military intervention in Ukraine, revealed, – and economic sanctions, since poor design and implementation of sanctions policies often mean that they fall short of their desired effects, endangering human rights. How, then, could the exercise of modern economic diplomacy (promoting exports and investment abroad, attracting FDIs, aid and trade negotiations, but also strengthening the functioning of other civil society actors), not only helps protect human rights but also be an opportunity for high strategic scope and great social value? Applying human rights’ evaluation criteria of economic diplomacy, with the help of policy experience and technology, should concern societies in democracies. The research results can be taken into consideration by policymakers to create an appropriate economic diplomacy framework shaped by European democratic values and respect for human rights.
El techo de cristal en la judicatura española: hipótesis explicativas a partir de las vivencias de las magistradas
Authors: Blay Ester , González Sánchez Ignacio
Published: January 2023

Este trabajo busca contribuir a explicar el desequilibrio de género en la judicatura española. Aunque las mujeres constituyen el 54% de los integrantes de la carrera judicial, su presencia se concentra en los órganos unipersonales y es escasa en la cúpula del poder judicial. El trabajo se articula a partir de las explicaciones de las propias magistradas sobre este desequilibrio, extraídas de una investigación basada en entrevistas biográficas a 20 magistradas, con un mínimo de 20 años de experiencia como jueces profesionales. Las explicaciones son tratadas como hipótesis explicativas que se contrastan con otros datos publicados por el Consejo General del Poder Judicial (CGPJ). Las explicaciones examinadas son tres: la reciente incorporación de las mujeres a la carrera judicial; la autoexclusión de las mujeres de puestos de libre designación por parte del CGPJ y puestos gubernativos; la exclusión de las mujeres de los puestos discrecionales a través de los mecanismos selectivos. La revisión de las estadísticas y el análisis de las trayectorias profesionales de las magistradas permiten descartar el argumento de que el acceso tardío de las mujeres a la carrera judicial explica su escasa presencia en la alta magistratura y los puestos discrecionales. Parece más prometedor, sin embargo, profundizar en las hipótesis basadas en la autoexclusión y la existencia de sesgos de género en los procesos selectivos, así como en su relación.
Pharmacognostical Study of Leaf of Hamsapadi (Adiantum Lunulatum)
Authors: Kadam Manoj  , Ghorpade Abhishek
Published: January 2023

Pharmacognostical evaluation of leaves of Adiantum lunulatum is done for identification in field and for differentiation from other species of Adiantum. Methods: A detailed literary work of drug studied and its pharmacognostical, phytochemical and analytical study including powder microscopy and taste determination of leaves with suitable instruments. Results: Macroscopic evaluation reveals the pinnacles are half moon shaped, alternate, sub-opposite or opposite in apical portion of the frond, having lobes with minor incisions. In microscopic structure the two surfaces of pinna are covered by epidermis and epidermal cells are wavy in outline. The opening and closing of stomata will be regulated by guard cells, whereas there is absence of stomata on epidermis. The vascular cells are lined by an endodermal tissue. Transverse section of petiole showed that it is externally covered by an epidermis lined by cuticle on its outer wall which renders the petiole to be shining. Below the epidermis is a fairly thick hypodermis made up Sclerenchyma cells of 4-5 layers in thickness. They are dead cells compact in arrangement and look dark in colour. Powder microscopy of leaves reveals shows few Tracheids of the veins and the Parenchyma cells of the leaves. The Sori are very prominent structures occurring at the leaf margin, they are visible characteristically under the microscope. The Sori contain number of Sporangia each Sporangium is lined by cells with U shaped thickening having their outer wall thin in nature. Conclusion: This study will help in Authentication of Hamspadi plant.
Criminal Sanctions against Hate Speech (Hoax) Actors in Indonesian Positive Law and From the Perspective of Islamic Law
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Wahyuningsih Sri Endah , Pramono Juli Agung , Mashdurohatun Anis ,   Doctoral Program, Faculty of Law, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang
Published: January 2023

In the modern era, with the massive development of social media, it is very necessary to have limits on expression so that no party feels disadvantaged because of someone's words or actions on social media. The problem that often arises due to the development of social media is the problem of hate speech. Islam as a perfect religion also regulates the problem of hate speech, therefore the purpose of this study is to analyze criminal sanctions against perpetrators of criminal acts of hate speech according to positive law in Indonesia and from the perspective of Islamic law and its contribution. The method in this study is normative juridical, with the main data source being secondary data obtained through library research in the form of regulations currently in effect in Indonesia, literature books, research results and journals as well as theory from legal experts, the research results were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. Research results In Indonesia freedom of expression is a constitutional right of every citizen which is explicitly guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution. 6 (six) years and/or a maximum fine of Rp. 1,000,000,000.00 (one billion rupiah). According to Islamic law, the penalty for spreading hate speech is ta'zir, namely sanctions that are not determined by Islamic law but are fully handed over to the authorities with a measure of benefit, both benefiting the perpetrators, victims and Public. The sanctions vary depending on the perpetrator and the type of action with the measure of benefit between the lightest penalties such as a warning to imprisonment.
‘IT’S COMPLICATED’: TEACHERS’ STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH THE CHALLENGES OF THE ONLINE EFL TEACHING
Authors:   Language and Arts Education Department, Jember University, Jember, Indonesia, Utami Sri Wahyu , Fitriyah Siti Masrifatul , Sundari Siti
Published: January 2023

The pandemic of Covid-19 has affected the education system, particularly in Indonesia. All teaching and learning activities should be set in an online learning environment. This situation requires the teachers to change their strategy in the learning and teaching process. This study aims to find out the challenges and also the strategies to deal with the challenges of teaching English in an online setting. The study applied a case study research design using a documentary video and semi-structured interview. The study showed that the teachers faced some challenges in online classes such as difficulty in monitoring the students, the lack of students’ motivation, the student’s network instability, and lack of students’ participation. The results of the study also indicates that the teachers applied the strategies in online setting classes such as combining synchronous and synchronous, playing a song, using other learning applications, giving an additional score, etc.
Present and Future in the Digit(al)ization of Judicial Procedures in Romania in a European ContextPresent and Future in the Digit(al)ization of Judicial Procedures in Romania in a European Context
Authors:   Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Legal Science (Cluj-Napoca, Romania), Székely János
Published: January 2023

In our study, we review some current trends in the digitalization of court activities, with an emphasis on Romania in a European Union context. We analyse the past and current state of the Romanian digitization and digitalization of courts, in the framework of major court activity types that may be digitized and digitalized. We also present the most recent attempts by the European Commission to facilitate the digital transition of court activities and the financing and normative aspects of this transition. Finally, we conclude by presenting proposed Romanian efforts to achieve the digital transition and some of their inadequacies.
The Openness of Civil Court Proceedings in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   University of Opole (Opole, Poland), Tomczak Tomasz
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the adoption of several measures to protect public health during civil trials in Poland. Some of these measures have restricted the traditionally open nature of the trial by allowing for closed hearings to be held in situations not regulated before. This study examines such situations in the light of international human rights instruments, from the dual perspectives of internal (between the parties) and external (towards third parties) openness of court hearings. It is established that such hearings do not contravene international human rights instruments pertaining to a fair trial if the restrictions are well-founded and proportional, even though some measures have to be taken in order to protect parties and third parties vulnerable to the lack of the necessary instruments or technical knowledge to attend hearings remotely. The author concludes that some restrictions to open court civil proceedings during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to remain in place, and the possibilities of remote access may even prove beneficial in enhancing the principle of the open trial.
Household Social Robots − Special Issues Relating to Data Protection
Authors:   University of Miskolc, Faculty of Law, Institute of Private Law (Miskolc, Hungary), Pusztahelyi Réka , Stefán Ibolya ,   University of Miskolc, Ferenc Deák Doctoral School of Law (Miskolc, Hungary)
Published: January 2023

Household social robots may have massive effects on our everyday lives and raise several concerns on data protection and privacy. The main characteristic of these devices is their capability of building close connections, even emotional bonds between humans and robots. The socially interactive robots exhibit human social characteristics, e.g. express and/or perceive emotions, communicate with high-level dialogue, etc. Affective computing permits development of AI systems that are capable of imitating human traits (emotions, speech, body language). The goal is to gain the trust of humans, to improve safety, and to strengthen emotional bonds between human and robot with the help of anthropomorphization. However, this emotional engagement may incentivize people to trade personal information jeopardizing their privacy. Social robots can infer from emotional expressions and gestures the feelings, physical and mental states of human beings. As a result, concerns may be raised regarding data protection, such as the classification of emotions, the issues of consent, and appearance of the right to explanation. The article proceeds in two main stages. The first chapter deals with general questions relating to emotional AI and social robots, focusing on the deceptive and manipulative nature that makes humans disclose more and more information and lull their privacy and data protection awareness. The second chapter serves to demonstrate several data protection problems such as the categorization and datafication of emotions (as biometrics), the issues of consent, and the appearance of the right to explanation. The third chapter highlights certain civil liability concerns regarding the infringement of the right to privacy in the light of the future EU civil liability regime for artificial intelligence.
The Emergence and Limits of State Supremacy. A Comparative Analysis of the Powers of the Prince of Transylvania and the Habsburgs Holding the Hungarian Royal Title
Authors:   Ferenc Mádl Institute of Comparative Law (Budapest, Hungary), Szentpáli-Gavallér Pál
Published: January 2023

This study outlines the historical and theoretical background of the evolution of sovereignty and monarchy, that is, its Roman-Germanic roots, as well as the constitutional history of Hungarian and Transylvanian sovereignty, and discusses the limitations of the ruler’s power, in particular the fundamental role of Transylvanian electoral conditions, on the basis of which the Transylvanian princely state was given a manner of rule of law.
Criminal Protection of the Right to Honour and Dignity in Romanian and Hungarian Law
Authors:   University of Debrecen, Géza Marton Doctoral School of Legal Studies, Kis Júlia
Published: January 2023

Criminal protection regarding the right to dignity and the right to honour is manifested differently in Romanian and Hungarian criminal law. Regarding the protection of these rights through criminal law, there have been similar measures, but the legislation of the two legal systems is different both in terms of the content of the offences and the set of sanctions.
Restriction of Property Rights: Expropriation, Nationalization
Authors:   University of Debrecen, Géza Marton Doctoral School of Legal Studies, Bonyhai Gabriella Eleonóra ,   Maramureș County Bar Association, Romania
Published: January 2023

Everyone has the right to own and use their lawfully acquired property, and no one shall be deprived of their property, except in the public interest, under the conditions laid down by law and as a result of the payment of a fair amount of compensation. I will attempt to perform a non-exhaustive, brief analysis of how well this has been achieved over the last hundred years. Furthermore, I am looking for the answer as to what extent the restitution provides full compensation in the case of nationalized real estates.
The Control of the State-Owned Enterprises Based on the Theory of Organization and Management
Authors:   National University of Public Service, Budapest, Peti András
Published: January 2023

"In the preface of the analysis of the present study on law and economics, I kindly appreciate the work of a law professor who was a great personality in the education of company law during the last century in Cluj-Napoca and Budapest as well. At the same time, the philosophers, influential thinkers, and different scientists have been concerned with the theory of organizational and management behaviour over the years. “The precondition of an efficient management of the organization” – in this case the state-owned enterprises – “is either a very thorough research or co-existence with the organization”. In the last century, the profession was centred around the three main directives: the modern, the symbolical, and the postmodern perspective. The state-owned enterprises as economic operators and the public authorities as competent holders of ownership rights of the state organizations can be used for drawing conclusions based on the comparative analysis of the organizational and management behaviour theory. The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development elaborated the guidelines of corporate governance of the state-owned companies. These recommendations contribute to the development of a reliable, predictable, and transparent economic environment. While we closely analyse the organizational and management behaviour theory, we can familiarize ourselves with the structure of the organization, its organizational methods (management), and it provides the opportunity to appreciate the interaction of the workers from a contrasting perspective. The aim is to facilitate awareness and sensitivity towards management progress through recognizing the organizational factors of workers’ behaviour and performance."