bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Satellite-based entanglement distribution and quantum teleportation with continuous variables
Authors: Gonzalez-Raya Tasio , Pirandola Stefano , Sanz Mikel
Published: April 2024

Advances in satellite quantum communications aim at reshaping the global telecommunication network by increasing the security of the transferred information. Here, we study the effects of atmospheric turbulence in continuous-variable entanglement distribution and quantum teleportation in the optical regime between a ground station and a satellite. More specifically, we study the degradation of entanglement due to various error sources in the distribution, namely, diffraction, atmospheric attenuation, turbulence, and detector inefficiency, in both downlink and uplink scenarios. As the fidelity of a quantum teleportation protocol using these distributed entangled resources is not sufficient, we include an intermediate station for either state generation, or beam refocusing, in order to reduce the effects of atmospheric turbulence and diffraction, respectively. The results show the feasibility of free-space entanglement distribution and quantum teleportation in downlink paths up to the LEO region, but also in uplink paths with the help of the intermediate station. Finally, we complete the study with microwave-optical comparison in bad weather situations, and with the study of horizontal paths in ground-to-ground and inter-satellite quantum communication.
Equivariant 3D-conditional diffusion model for molecular linker design
Authors: Igashov Ilia , Stärk Hannes , Vignac Clément , Schneuing Arne , Satorras Victor Garcia , Frossard Pascal , Welling Max , Bronstein Michael , Correia Bruno
Published: April 2024

Fragment-based drug discovery has been an effective paradigm in early-stage drug development. An open challenge in this area is designing linkers between disconnected molecular fragments of interest to obtain chemically relevant candidate drug molecules. In this work, we propose DiffLinker, an E(3)-equivariant three-dimensional conditional diffusion model for molecular linker design. Given a set of disconnected fragments, our model places missing atoms in between and designs a molecule incorporating all the initial fragments. Unlike previous approaches that are only able to connect pairs of molecular fragments, our method can link an arbitrary number of fragments. Additionally, the model automatically determines the number of atoms in the linker and its attachment points to the input fragments. We demonstrate that DiffLinker outperforms other methods on the standard datasets, generating more diverse and synthetically accessible molecules. We experimentally test our method in real-world applications, showing that it can successfully generate valid linkers conditioned on target protein pockets.
A Mettl16/m6A/mybl2b/Igf2bp1 axis ensures cell cycle progression of embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Han Yunqiao , Sun Kui , Yu Shanshan , Qin Yayun , Zhang Zuxiao , Luo Jiong , Hu Hualei , Dai Liyan , Cui Manman , Jiang Chaolin , Liu Fei , Huang Yuwen , Gao Pan , Chen Xiang , Xin Tianqing , Ren Xiang , Wu Xiaoyan , Song Jieping , Wang Qing , Tang Zhaohui , Chen Jianjun , Zhang Haojian , Zhang Xianqin , Liu Mugen , Luo Daji
Published: April 2024

Prenatal lethality associated with mouse knockout of Mettl16, a recently identified RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase, has hampered characterization of the essential role of METTL16-mediated RNA m6A modification in early embryonic development. Here, using cross-species single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, we found that during early embryonic development, METTL16 is more highly expressed in vertebrate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) than other methyltransferases. In Mettl16-deficient zebrafish, proliferation capacity of embryonic HSPCs is compromised due to G1/S cell cycle arrest, an effect whose rescue requires Mettl16 with intact methyltransferase activity. We further identify the cell-cycle transcription factor mybl2b as a directly regulated by Mettl16-mediated m6A modification. Mettl16 deficiency resulted in the destabilization of mybl2b mRNA, likely due to lost binding by the m6A reader Igf2bp1 in vivo. Moreover, we found that the METTL16-m6A-MYBL2-IGF2BP1 axis controlling G1/S progression is conserved in humans. Collectively, our findings elucidate the critical function of METTL16-mediated m6A modification in HSPC cell cycle progression during early embryonic development.
Calcium l-aspartate nanoparticles modify the root ultrastructure and improve plant yield in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Lu Kesong , Hou Jiayu , Riaz Muhammad , Babar Saba , Abd-Elkader Ali M. , El-Desouki Zeinab , Jiang Cuncang
Published: April 2024

Schematic diagram of Ca(l-asp)-NPs regulating the root structure and yield. Ca(l-asp)-NPs were transported through vascular tissues, which improved plant traits and yield factors and promoted the development of rapeseed root architecture.
Cynarin alleviates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury through the activation of Keap1/Nrf2-mediated lipid peroxidation defense via the AMPK/SIRT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Luying , Zhang Xiangting , Chen Zhuofeng , Lai Yuning , Xu Jun , Zhou Ruoru , Ma Peipei , Cai Weimin , Zeng Yuan , Wu Xiao , Ying Huiya , Yu Fujun
Published: April 2024

Cyn alleviates APAP-induced ALI by activating the Keap1/Nrf2-mediated lipid peroxidation defense, and these effects are partly mediated through the activation of the AMPK/SIRT3 signaling pathway.
A differential-targeting core–shell microneedle patch with coordinated and prolonged release of mangiferin and MSC-derived exosomes for scarless skin regeneration
Authors: Lyu Shang , Liu Qi , Yuen Ho-Yin , Xie Huizhi , Yang Yuhe , Yeung Kelvin Wai-Kwok , Tang Chak-yin , Wang Shuqi , Liu Yaxiong , Li Bin , He Yong , Zhao Xin
Published: April 2024

A novel core–shell microneedle system was developed based on GelMA and PmLnDMA to achieve a fast release of mangiferin and prolonged release of hMSC derived exosomes, ultimately leading to fast and scarless wound healing.
Structural and electrochemical properties of Tan+1Cn MXene anode materials for metal-ion batteries
Authors: Guo Jiayi , Hu Danni , Bai Chenqi , Xu Lina , Xiao Hongping , Shi Qian , Li Xinhua , Chen Xi'an , Ma Yingjin , Fang Guoyong
Published: April 2024

Density functional theory calculations show that Tan+1Cn and Tan+1CnO2 MXenes have excellent open circuit voltages and maximum storage capacities for use in alkali metal-ion batteries.
Hysteretic magnetism–dielectricity switching in 2D Hofmann type spin-crossover compounds
Authors: Yao Nian-Tao , Shang Meng-Jia , Lu Han-Han , Liu Qiang , Wen Wen , Zhang Shi-Hui , Zhao Liang , Oshio Hiroki , Meng Yin-Shan , Liu Tao
Published: April 2024

Two 2D Hofmann type compounds {Fe(3,4-bpt)2[M(CN)4]} were synthesized. They showed reversible switching in magnetism, dielectricity, and thermochromism actuated by the spin transition of Fe(ii).
Immunomodulatory zymosan/ι-carrageenan/ agarose hydrogel for targeting M2 to M1 macrophages (antitumoral)
Authors: Venkatachalam Geetha , Giri Jayant , Mallik Saurav , Arumugam Gandarvakottai Senthilkumar , Arulmani Manavalan , Dewangan Vimal Kumar , Doble Mukesh , Zhao Zhongming
Published: April 2024

Zymosan/ι-carrageenan/agarose hydrogel (antitumor) as tumor targeting (M2 to M1 genes) and wound healing material.
Second phase Cu2O boosted photocatalytic activity of fluorine doped CuO nanoparticles
Authors: Dastider Ankita , Saha Hridoy , Anik Md Jannatul Ferdous , Jamal Moniruzzaman , Billah Md. Muktadir
Published: April 2024

The photocatalytic activity of fluorine (F) doped CuO nanoparticles (NPs) prepared employing modified sol–gel process was investigated here in this study.
Dynamic sampling in autonomous process optimization
Authors: Christensen Melodie , Xu Yuting , Kwan Eugene E. , Di Maso Michael J. , Ji Yining , Reibarkh Mikhail , Sun Alexandra C. , Liaw Andy , Fier Patrick S. , Grosser Shane , Hein Jason E.
Published: April 2024

Autonomous process optimization (APO) is a technology that has recently found utility in a multitude of process optimization challenges.
Laser-induced graphene: synthesis advances, structural tailoring, enhanced properties, and sensing applications
Authors: Movaghgharnezhad Shirin , Kang Pilgyu
Published: April 2024

This review explores laser-induced graphene (LIG), highlighting parameters for synthesis and microstructure tuning to enhance its properties for electrochemical and physical sensing applications, as well as its challenges.
Adamantylglycine as a high-affinity peptide label for membrane transport monitoring and regulation
Authors: Pramod Malavika , Alnajjar Mohammad A. , Schöpper Sandra N. , Schwarzlose Thomas , Nau Werner M. , Hennig Andreas
Published: April 2024

Adamantylglycine (Ada) is introduced into peptides for high-affinity binding to cucurbit[7]uril (CB7). Ada has minimal influence on membrane transport of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), but enables up- and down-regulation by CB7 binding.
NIR-absorbing and emitting α,α-nitrogen-bridged BODIPY dimers with strong excitonic coupling
Authors: Wang Long , Cheng Cheng , Yu Changjiang , Wu Qinghua , Kang Zhengxin , Wang Hua , Jiao Lijuan , Hao Erhong
Published: April 2024

New NIR α,α-NH-bridged BODIPY dimers with strong excitonic coupling and enhanced electron spin delocalization via nitrogen bridges were synthesized for the first time.
A diabatization method based upon integrating the diabatic potential gradient difference
Authors: Li Fengyi , Liu Xiaoxi , Ma Haitao , Bian Wensheng
Published: April 2024

Conical intersections (CIs) are often involved in nonadiabatic chemical reactions. We propose a diabatization method, which can effectively handle the significant fluctuations in derivative-couplings caused by CI seams.
Correction: Continuous flow oxidation of HMF using a supported AuPd-alloy
Authors: Neukum Dominik , Lakshmi Nilayam Ajai R. , Ludwig Maya E. , Vadarlis Athanasios A. , Grunwaldt Jan-Dierk , Saraçi Erisa
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Continuous flow oxidation of HMF using a supported AuPd-alloy’ by Dominik Neukum et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cy01722b.
Exploring the impact of various reducing agents on Cu nanocluster synthesis
Authors: Biswas Sourav , Negishi Yuichi
Published: April 2024

Exploring the influence of different reducing agents and their corresponding reaction conditions on the synthesis of copper nanoclusters, this study aims to provide valuable insights that can steer future research efforts in this field.
Visible light-induced oxidative esterification of mandelic acid with alcohols: a new synthesis of α-ketoesters
Authors: Mao Zechuan , Xia Kun , Zhang Kaifa , Chen Hui , Li Mingqiang , Abdukader Ablimit , Jin Weiwei
Published: April 2024

A visible light-induced oxidative esterification reaction of mandelic acid with alcohols has been developed for the synthesis of α-ketoesters.
Small molecule targeted therapies for endometrial cancer: progress, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Yang Fei-Fei , Zhao Tian-Tian , Milaneh Slieman , Zhang Chun , Xiang Da-Jun , Wang Wen-Long
Published: April 2024

An overview of current chemical therapy strategies against endometrial cancer.
Aggregation-induced emission organic metal halide complex for X-ray scintillation
Authors: Shonde Tunde Blessed , Liu He , Olasupo Oluwadara Joshua , Bouchard Alexander , Bouchard Sara , Franklin Annaliese , Lin Xinsong , Stand Luis M. , Ma Biwu
Published: April 2024

An AIE organic zinc chloride complex scintillator, in which the metal halide serves as X-ray sensitizer for the organic component, is discovered to exhibit a light yield of 13 423 Photon per MeV and a radioluminescence decay lifetime of 5.24 ns.
Electrospinning-derived transition metal/carbon nanofiber composites as electrocatalysts for Zn-air batteries
Authors: Xu Chengxiao , Li Yuzheng , Li Daming , Zhang Yingjie , Liu Bo , Akhon M. D. Hasan , Huo Peipei
Published: April 2024

The morphology, mechanism and application of TM/CNF composites.
Rapid targeting and imaging of mitochondria via carbon dots using an amino acid-based amphiphile as a carrier
Authors: Hazra Niladri , Ray Reeddhi , Banerjee Arindam
Published: April 2024

Green-fluorescent, negatively charged newly synthesized carbon dots cannot penetrate KB and CHO cell lines. But, an amino acid containing amphiphile with a positively charged group forms an aggregate that acts as a carrier for these carbon dots for cell entry and to label and image mitochondria.
Facile preparation of a water-based antireflective SiO2 film with high transmittance for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhang Xuemin , Wang Ziao , Hou Peiran , Wu Senwei , Lu Jianfeng , Zhao Xiujian , Tian Shouqin
Published: April 2024

An aqueous SiO2 AR film was prepared using sol–gel method and exhibited a high increase in transmittance of 3.5% compared to bare glass, leading to a 1.44% increase in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells.
Gallic acid-loaded HFZIF-8 for tumor-targeted delivery and thermal-catalytic therapy
Authors: Yang Xing , Li Chunsheng , Liu Shuang , Li Yunlong , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Qiang , Ye Jin , Lu Yong , Fu Yujie , Xu Jiating
Published: April 2024

HFZIF-8/GA is prepared via a simple stirring method for loading GA. After HA modification, HFZIF-8/GA@HA is used for the targeted delivery of Fe ions and GA, thereby achieving the in situ synthesis of an Fe-GA complex for thermal catalytic therapy.
Synthesis and characterization of α,ω-end orthogonally functionalizable glycopolymers from native glycans
Authors: Keil Joseph M. , Chan Ka Keung , Sun Xue-Long
Published: April 2024

α,ω-End orthogonally functionalizable sialyl glycopolymers with an alkyne or azide group at one end and an O-cyanate on the other end were successfully synthesized and their orthogonal reactions via click chemistry and isourea bond formation were demonstrated.
Post-synthetic modification of a covalent organic framework via a thiol–ene reaction for improving fluorescence detection and removal of cationic crystal violet carcinogenic dye
Authors: Li Ke , Yan Bing
Published: April 2024

Based on a thiol–ene reaction, a covalent organic framework containing olefins (COF-A) is modified with 2-mercaptoacetic acid to prepare COF-S-COOH for the first time, which greatly improves the sensing and adsorption capacity for crystal violet.
Insights into the modulation mechanisms of multiple active sites in a conjugated small molecule towards organic cathode capacity from first-principles
Authors: Sun Zhaopeng , Tian Hao , Zhang Meng , Zhang Yi , Li Zhiping , Huang Weiwei
Published: April 2024

The modulation mechanisms of Na+ within the redox-active sites of the two-dimensional conjugated organic small-molecule 3BQ, and their impact on the initial capacity of a 3BQ cathode for Na-ion batteries, were investigated using first-principles calculations.
Aculeatones A and B, epimeric lovastatin derivatives with a 6/6/3-tricyclic carbon skeleton from Aspergillus aculeatus and their chemical transformation
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Fengqing , Li Qin , Dai Bingbing , Sun Weiguang , Li Jianguo , Chen Chunmei , Zhang Yonghui , Zhu Hucheng
Published: April 2024

Lovastatin derivatives aculeatones A–F (1–6) with lipid-lowering activity were isolated from Aspergillus aculeatus. 1 and 2 represent the first examples with a 6/6/3-tricyclic scaffold and the biomimetic formation of 1 was achieved starting from 3.
pH-responsive niosome-based nanocarriers of antineoplastic agents
Authors: Gugleva Viliana , Mihaylova Rositsa , Momekov Georgi , Kamenova Katya , Forys Aleksander , Trzebicka Barbara , Petrova Maria , Ugrinova Iva , Momekova Denitsa , Petrov Petar D.
Published: April 2024

Modified niosomes possessing pH-responsive properties were developed for delivery of antineoplastic agents.
Biomass screening for syngas production by flash photopyrolysis
Authors: Mellalou Abderrahman , Silva Wanderson O. , Soutrenon Mathieu , Girault Hubert H. , Outzourhit Abdelkader , Alami Jones , Ghamouss Fouad
Published: April 2024

A few seconds flash photopyrolysis is used as efficient screening tool for the investigation of selected biomass in producing syngas, hydrogen and biochar.
Correction: Computational study of linear carbon chain based organic dyes for dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Consiglio Giuseppe , Gorczyński Adam , Petralia Salvatore , Forte Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Computational study of linear carbon chain based organic dyes for dye sensitized solar cells’ by Giuseppe Consiglio et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 1019–1030. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA06767F.
Insights into the cycling stability of manganese-based zinc-ion batteries: from energy storage mechanisms to capacity fluctuation and optimization strategies
Authors: Liao Yanxin , Yang Chun , Bai Jie , He Qingqing , Wang Huayu , Chen Haichao , Zhang Qichun , Chen Lingyun
Published: April 2024

This review summarizes the progress on the cycling stability of manganese-based zinc-ion batteries.
Tuning vibration-induced emission through macrocyclization and catenation
Authors: Xu Wei-Tao , Peng Zhiyong , Wu Peicong , Jiang Yefei , Li Wei-Jian , Wang Xu-Qing , Chen Jinquan , Yang Hai-Bo , Wang Wei
Published: April 2024

Through the formation of macrocycle and [2]catenane, the precise regulation of vibration-induced emission has been successfully achieved, providing a new strategy for the development of novel molecular systems with tunable emission behaviors.
Therapeutic coordination polymers: tailoring drug release through metal–ligand interactions
Authors: Murphy Jennifer N. , Kobti Joy-Lynn , Dao Michelle , Wear Darcy , Okoko Michael , Pandey Siyaram , Vukotic V. Nicholas
Published: April 2024

Tailor-made drug release materials based on non-porous therapeutic coordination polymers in which drug-release rates can be primarily tuned by the strength of metal–ligand interactions and finely tuned by altering the length of bis-imidazole linkers.
Microfluidic-driven short peptide hydrogels with optical waveguiding properties
Authors: Garcia Ana M. , Garcia-Romero Juan A. , Mejias Sara H. , Prieto Pilar , Saggiomo Vittorio , Velders Aldrik H. , Soriano M. Laura , Ruiz-Díez Victor , Cabanillas-González Juan , Gomez M. Victoria
Published: April 2024

Supramolecular hydrogels of DLeu–LPhe–LPhe tripeptide were prepared employing microfluidics, resulting in fibrillar structures with optical waveguiding ability in conjunction with dyes, which enable emission modulation across spectral regions.
A closed‐loop representative day selection framework for generation and transmission expansion planning with demand response
Authors: Liu Haicheng , Li Haotian , Liu Hongli , Gu Chenjia , Li Qingtao , Ren Qiangyu
Published: April 2024

In power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy resources (RES), the inherent stochasticity and volatility of RES necessitate careful consideration in power system planning. Scenario analysis is commonly employed to address the stochastic nature in power system planning. Existing studies generally adopt an open‐loop structure, where representative days are selected first and planning decisions are subsequently made. However, this method may not accurately represent the operating status of a system owing to changes in the power generation structure during the planning process. To address this limitation, this paper introduces a closed‐loop framework for representative day selection within the context of generation and transmission expansion planning (G&TEP), incorporating demand response (DR). The framework comprises three layers: representative day selection, planning decisions, and long‐term operational simulation. Initially, an approach for selecting representative days is proposed by combining the clustering and optimization‐based methods. Subsequently, a G&TEP model that incorporates DR is presented in the second layer. Lastly, the framework encompasses a three‐layer closed‐loop structure, enabling dynamic adjustments and enhancements to the representative day selection process to ensure optimality. Case studies on the reliability and operational test system of a power grid with large‐scale renewable integration (XJTU‐ROTS) demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework.
A novel meta‐learning network for partial discharge source localization in gas‐insulated switchgear via digital twin
Authors: Yan Jing , Wang Yanxin , Zhou Yang , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan
Published: April 2024

Due to the requirement for highly precise synchronous sampling and the substantial reliance on time difference calculations, the current partial discharge (PD) localization based on the time difference of arrival is only applicable in certain situations. As digital twin technology has advanced, it is possible to employ virtual models to support gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) PD localization. To do this, we propose a meta‐learning (ML) network with the aid of digital twin for actual GIS PD localization. Firstly, a GIS digital twin model was established to acquire an auxiliary simulated sample library. Then, a temporal convolutional network is established to extract the discriminable features, effectively obtain the time dependence between features, and improve the accuracy of localization. Next, ML is adopted to quickly learn meta‐knowledge that can be applied across tasks, and the model's sensitivity to task changes is improved. Finally, the model is fine‐tuned through a limited number of samples from the target task, and high precise PD localization is achieved. The experimental results demonstrate that the ML has an average localization error of only 9.25 cm and a probability density rose to 93% within 20 cm, which is clearly superior to previous methods.
Genetic structure of Macrobrachium nipponense, an important farmed freshwater shrimp in China, in the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Wang Dong , Hu Le , Zhang Fubin , Zheng Fengqun , Gong Mengyu , Xiong Fei , Liu Hongyan , Zhai Dongdong
Published: April 2024

Macrobrachium nipponense is a major farmed species freshwater shrimp in China and its genetic diversity is of high value in aquaculture. The construction of the Three Gorges Project has slowed down the water velocity in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) and made the water more clear, which is more favourable for the survival and reproduction of M. nipponense. However, there are lack of studies on the genetic diversity of M. nipponense populations in the TGR. In this study, mitochondrial COI gene sequences were used as molecular marker to analyze the genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and historical demography of eight M. nipponense populations in the TGR. The results showed that the M. nipponense populations in TGR have high genetic diversity. There was some genetic differentiation between the four populations in lower reaches of the TGR and four populations in the upper reaches of the TGR. We also found that there was a significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance among the M. nipponense populations in the TGR. The M. nipponense population in the TGR has experienced population reduction in the recent year, which might be related to the ice age movement in the Little Ice Age and human activities. This study provides a theoretical basis for the rational development and protection of M. nipponense resources in the TGR.
Technological and sensory characteristics of honey based candy
Authors: Yankova-Nikolova Anastasia , Hadjikinova Raina , Opalchenova Gabriela , Vlahova-Vangelova Desislava
Published: April 2024

The aim of the present work was to investigate the possibilities of sugar replacing with honey in candies processing. Four candy samples were examined. Honey based groups - 10% (M10), 15% (M15) and 20% (M20) honey and sugar substitute - isomalt, compared to the control (sample K) obtained according to a classic recipe, with crystal sugar and glucose syrup. The color intensity, the hygroscopicity in candies and the spreadability of the candy mass increase linear with the honey content. The highest compressive strength after direct compression was found in the control (K). In the experimental samples (M10, M15, M20) the breaking force was over 250 N, while for the control it was 144.74 N. The honey taste decreased in the following order: M20> M15> M10> K. Replacing sugar with honey gives a caramel flavor in the candies. Stickiness significantly increased in M15 and M20, which was assessed as a product disadvantage. At the same time as the stickiness increases, the brittleness of the candies decreases. The energy value decreases by 39% in sample M10 and by 37% and 36% in samples M15 and M20, respectively, which gives an opportunity honey-based candies to be classified with the nutritional claim “Food with reduced energy content”.
Technological characteristics and nutritional value of powdered functional mixes
Authors: Doykina Pavlina , Mihaylova Dasha , Popova Aneta , Dimitrova-Dimova Maria
Published: April 2024

Commercially available functional blends are products that combine various ingredients to provide specific health benefits. They can be used in the food industry, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and other fields. These mixes are usually in powdered form, making them easy to mix into drinks or incorporate into recipes. The ingredients in powdered functional mixes can vary widely depending on the specific product and its purpose. They often combine a range of vitamins, minerals, herbs, plant extracts and other bioactive compounds in a convenient form. The nutritional value of powdered functional mixes can vary depending on the specific ingredients included. They can contain essential vitamins and minerals such as vitamin C, vitamin D, iron, calcium. Some mixes may also include protein, fibre, omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, among others. The present study aims at systematizing the commercially available combinations by highlighting their potential health benefits as well as their nutritional value. In addition, physico-chemical indicators (incl. colour characteristics, water activity, solubility, water-holding capacity, moisture and ash content) of selected functional mixtures and their most common applications will also be presented. Differences in all studied parameters have been established, i.e. aw ranging from 0.38 to 0.54 and vitamin C content (mg %) – from 0.36 to 12.25.
Technology for obtaining fermented products based on walnut milk
Authors: Loginovska Kamelia , Valchkov Alexandar , Doneva Maria , Metodieva Petya , Dyankova Svetla , Miteva Daniela , Nacheva Iliana
Published: April 2024

A technology has been developed for obtaining lyophilized fermented products based on walnut milk. Fermentation was carried out with two probiotic strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum NBIMCC 3447 and Lactobacillus gasseri NBIMCC 2450. In the capacity of prebiotic and cryoprotectant the composition of the products includes fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in three concentrations - 1, 2 and 4%. An increase in cell survival was found with an increase in the concentration of the fructo-oligosaccharides in the medium. After fermentation and lyophilization, L. plantarum showed better survival compared to L. gasseri in all samples examined. Probiotic cells fermented in medium with 4% FOS retain high viability after lyophilization - 93-96%, while those in medium with 2% FOS reach 85-93% survival. Fructooligosaccharides not absorbed by the cells at the end of the fermentation process render a cryoprotective effect and lead to a higher survival of the cells of both strains in the lyophilization process.
Physicochemical parameters and antioxidant activity of summer savory essential oil (Satureja hortensis L.)
Authors: Gandova Vanya , Lazarov Anton , Petkova Nadezhda , Stoyanova Albena
Published: April 2024

Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.), Lamiaceae family, was used in folk medicine and food industry, and the resulting essential oil was used to flavor various food products, as well as a biologically active substance in cosmetics. The aim of the present work was the determination of the physicochemical parameters surfase tension and density of summer savory essential oil, obtained by steam distillation under industrial conditions, at four different temperatures 10, 20, 30 and 40°C. The temperature dependence of the two physicochemical parameters shows that the values for density were in the range of 0.921 g/cm3 at 10°C to 0.898 g/cm3 at 40°C, and for surface tension from 31.68 mN/m at 10°C to 27.51 mN/m at 40°C, respectively. The antioxidant activity was also determined on the summer savory essential oil by four methods DPPH (0.50 mM TE/mL), FRAP (1.23 mM TE/mL), ABTS (0.54 mM TE/mL), and CUPRAC (2.91 mM TE/mL). The investigation of these parameters and properties were a prerequisite for further studies on the application of summer savory essential oil in various food products.
Physical characteristics of extrudates from wheat semolina enriched with cocoa bean shells
Authors: Toshkov Nesho , Kodinova Siyka , Bozadjiev Bojidar
Published: April 2024

Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of cocoa bean shells content (5 % and 10 %), moisture content (14 % and 20 %) and temperature of the matrix (160 °C and 180 °C) on the physical characteristics of wheat semolina extrudates with cocoa bean shells. The extrusion was carried out on a single screw extruder Brabender 20 DN. A full factorial experiment 23 was used to evaluate the influence of above mentioned parameters on the water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) and moisture content (W). The water absorption index varies between 7.13 g/g and 9.91 g/g, water solubility index between 9.34 % and 22.48 % and moisture content between 7.75 % and 11.31 % respectively. The data show that the increase of the moisture content from 14 % to 20 % increases the water absorption index and decreases the water solubility index while the increase of cocoa bean shells content from 5 % to 10 % results in lower water absorption index and higher water solubility index. Temperature of the matrix has no influence on the moisture content and water absorption index. The water solubility index decreases when the temperature of the matrix increases.
Development of a monitoring device for metal fragments in food products – software
Authors: Kilifarev Hristo
Published: April 2024

This report presents a development of a device for monitoring metal fragments in food products. The work is focused on the software design and implementation in a prototype device. Tests have been conducted on it to prove its operability. The offered similar developments with industrial application by companies are at a relatively high price. This gives reason to look for a solution at a lower price with components offered in the commercial network, using the Arduino platform. From the known methods for detecting metal fragments, the Induction Pulse method was chosen. The present development could be applied, for example, in small companies with activities in the food industry, in the retail network, in catering establishments, as well as in activities from other industries. The future work on the project will be aimed at testing the developed device with real food products and optimizations on its hardware and software to achieve the set sensitivity and accuracy of measurements and good protection of the device from environmental factors.
Application of blockchain technologies in the supply chain in food enterprises
Authors: Terziyska Margarita , Nikolova-Alexieva Valentina , Valeva Katina
Published: April 2024

The food supply chain encompasses all the stages that food products pass through during their movement from the producer to customers and consumers. It is influenced by several specific factors that must be taken into account. Such are, for example, requirements related to the specifics of the products, legislation, food safety, etc. Information technologies are successfully applied in the food supply chain. Blockchain is a new concept that has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Blockchain is a decentralized and distributed record of transactions that are stored in blocks and linked sequentially in a chain. It represents an innovative way of managing and exchanging data and information. Blockchain technology can improve the supply chain in the food industry in a variety of ways, providing greater transparency, security, and efficiency. Therefore, this paper aims to present in detail Blockchain technology and how it would help the supply chain in food enterprises.
Production of bio-based paper coating made with the addition of eggshell powder
Authors: Kóczán Zsófia , Pásztory Zoltán
Published: April 2024

A chitosan based coating was prepared where eggshell powder was added. Eggshell is a product that appears in large numbers in everyday life, so it has great potential as waste, which can be used to turn it into a valuable material. Cellulose sheets were made from secondary fiber, and after coated with the chitosan based solution to investigate the properties of the sheets. The results of the treated handsheets were compared with the results of the control sheet. The control sheets were compared with 4 different type of paper: coatings of chitosan with 5wt% and 10wt% eggshell powder, only chitosan coating, and paper where eggshell powder was added to the paper pulp. The use of the eggshell powder as an additive in the coating would be a promising material, because it can improve in a large extent the water resistance and the air barrier properties of the paper.
Identification of wood specimens utilizing fs-LIBS and machine learning techniques
Authors: Sarafis Alexandros , Gerodimos Theofanis , Kechaoglou Emmanouil , Anagnostopoulos Dimitrios F. , Kosmidis Constantine
Published: April 2024

We report on the ability to identify wood specimens by utilizing 30 fs Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in conjunction with machine learning techniques. Ten different wood specimens have been studied. The spectral features were assigned to atomic/ionic and diatomic molecular transitions. The origin of the latter has been explored by investigating the dynamics of the created plume in ambient and argon atmosphere. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed for dimensionality reduction based on the primary LIBS analysis. The principal components formation is grounded on the CN, Ca II, Ca I, and Na, LIBS data. Furthermore, applying the weighted k nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm led to an accurate identification of the investigated specimens, since the evaluation metrics of specificity value were found to be in the range of 0.96–1.00, while that of accuracy was within 0.93–1.00.
Vertical bifacial PV systems: irradiance modeling and performance analysis of a lightweight system for flat roofs
Authors: Øgaard Mari B. , Nysted Vilde Stueland , Rønneberg Sigrid , Otnes Gaute , Foss Sean Erik , Mongstad Trygve , Riise Heine N.
Published: April 2024

Vertical bifacial photovoltaic (PV) systems are gaining interest as they can enable deployment of PV in locations with grid or area limitations. Over Easy Solar has developed a lightweight design for vertical bifacial systems for flat roofs employing small modules with the height of one cell. To model the expected output of these type of systems can, however, be challenging, as it is uncertain if conventional models will give accurate results for vertical bifacial PV. The irradiance conditions are different, and there can be other loss or gain mechanisms that are prominent in these types of systems compared to more conventional PV systems. In this study we assess the use of regular transposition modeling for plane of array irradiance modeling for vertical bifacial PV, and we evaluate the performance of Over Easy Solar pilot installations in Norway to identify prominent loss mechanisms. The results are relevant for most vertical bifacial systems. With regular transposition modeling plane of array irradiance is overestimated by less than 1%, but we find that accuracy of albedo input and choice of sky diffuse model impact modeling accuracy. Irradiance losses such as shading are not considered in the modeling. We calculate a median heat transfer coefficient of 55 W/m2K, indicating high heat transfer and low thermal losses. High annual plane-of-array insolation, module bifaciality, interrow shading, reflection losses caused by high angle of incidence of the direct irradiance, and snow also have significant impact on the overall performance.
Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from the wild mountain ungulates mouflon and chamois in 4 regions of France
Authors: Habib Jad , Zenner Lionel , Garel Mathieu , Mercier Antoine , Poirel Marie-Thérèse , Itty Christian , Appolinaire Joël , Amblard Thibaut , Benedetti Pierre , Sanchis Frédéric , Benabed Slimania , Abi Rizk Georges , Gibert Philippe , Bourgoin Gilles
Published: April 2024

Ticks are major vectors of various pathogens of health importance, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites. The problems associated with ticks and vector-borne pathogens are increasing in mountain areas, particularly in connection with global climate change. We collected ticks (n = 2,081) from chamois and mouflon in 4 mountainous areas of France. We identified 6 tick species: Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rh. sanguineus s.l., Haemaphysalis sulcata, H. punctata and Dermacentor marginatus. We observed a strong variation in tick species composition among the study sites, linked in particular to the climate of the sites. We then analysed 791 ticks for DNA of vector-borne pathogens: Babesia/Theileria spp., Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. marginale, A. ovis, and Rickettsia of the spotted fever group (SFG). Theileria ovis was detected only in Corsica in Rh. bursa. Babesia venatorum (2 sites), Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (B. afzelii and B. garinii; 2 sites) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (3 sites) were detected in I. ricinus. Anaplasma ovis was detected at one site in I. ricinus and Rh. sanguineus s.l. SFG Rickettsia were detected at all the study sites: R. monacensis and R. helvetica in I. ricinus at the 3 sites where this tick is present; R. massiliae in Rh. sanguineus s.l. (1 site); and R. hoogstraalii and Candidatus R. barbariae in Rh. bursa in Corsica. These results show that there is a risk of tick-borne diseases for humans and domestic and wild animals frequenting these mountain areas.
Parasites (Monogenea) of tilapias Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon rendalli (Cichlidae) in a river spring in Brazil
Authors: Ebert Mariana Bertholdi , Narciso Rodrigo Bravin , Vieira Dias Diego Henrique Mirandola , Osaki-Pereira Melissa Miyuki , Jorge Maurício , de León Gerardo Pérez-Ponce , da Silva Reinaldo José
Published: April 2024

In the present study, we examined 30 individuals of introduced African cichlids, Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon rendalli, collected in a river spring of the Pardo River, Paranapanema River basin, southeastern Brazil. Based on morphological and molecular analyses of the partial LSU rDNA gene, we identified four species of monogeneans, Cichlidogyrus tilapiae, C. thurstonae, C. mbirizei, and Scutogyrus longicornis on the gills of O. niloticus, whereas individuals of C. rendalli were infested only with C. papernastrema. This is the first record of C. mbirizei and C. papernastrema in tilapias from Brazil. The ecological consequences of the introduction of exotic species of tilapia such as O. niloticus and C. rendalli along with their monogenean parasites in a wild environment represented by a river spring are discussed. Our new molecular data on Cichlidogyrus and Scutogyrus contribute to the investigation of the phylogenetic interrelationships of these widely distributed genera of monogeneans since their species composition is still unsettled.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Gröber Uwe
Published: April 2024

verschiedenen Berechnungen zur Folge wird sich die Zahl der Patienten mit
neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen in den nächsten 30 Jahren verdreifachen. Diese
Erkrankungen stellen schon heute eine große medizinische, soziale und ökonomische
Herausforderung dar. Die starke Zunahme wird für unsere Gesellschaft in mehrfacher
Hinsicht zu einer großen Belastung werden. Daher ist es von enormer Bedeutung, die
ursächlichen Mechanismen des Alterungsprozesses zu verstehen und unvoreingenommen
nach Möglichkeiten zu suchen, diesen Prozess und die damit verbundenen Erkrankungen
präventiv zu beeinflussen. Es geht bei der Beeinflussung von Alterungsprozessen
nicht darum, die Lebenszeit möglichst maximal zu verlängern, sondern darum, das
Auftreten der mit zunehmendem Alter häufiger werdenden Erkrankungen möglichst lange
hinauszuzögern. Dazu geben wir in einem Beitrag einen Überblick über verschiedene
ursächliche Mechanismen der Neurodegeneration und zeigen Möglichkeiten, wie
verschiedene Senolytika und Senomorphika sie beeinflussen können. Dabei handelt es
sich überwiegend um pflanzliche Inhaltsstoffe, deren metabolische Ansatzpunkte und
Wirkmechanismen zwischenzeitlich gut aufgeklärt wurden. Neben bekannten Substanzen
wie Resveratrol, Quercetin und Curcumin wird dabei das Flavonoid Fisetin genauer
betrachtet.
National and International Comparisons of Gynecological Research in Germany Based on a Bibliometric Analysis of Publications
Authors: Häussler Bertram , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Häussler Senta , Köninger Angela , Loos Stefan , Naumann Gert , Scharl Anton , Thaler Christian J. , Weiss Martin , Albrecht Martin
Published: April 2024

Recent years have seen a considerable shift from male doctors to female doctors in the field of gynecology. Female doctors are traditionally more involved with planning and maintaining their family. For gynecology, this could be associated with a risk that research activities will decrease, particularly if results are published in scientific journals.

In view of this shift, a comparative observational study was carried for 2022 in which 1306 publications were matched to 1786 female and male doctors reported on the websites of the 44 locations of university gynecology departments in Germany. In addition, the volume of publications issued between 2014 and 2022 was compared for Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In Germany, the volume of publications in Gynecology was additionally compared with the publication outputs of the specialties Urology and Trauma Surgery.

Since 2014, the increase in the numbers of publications in the field of Gynecology in Germany was lower (225%) than that of the countries with which it was compared (238%/252%/260% for F/UK/USA). When Gynecology was compared with other medical specialties in Germany, the number of publications in Urology were found to have increased at a lower rate (196%) while the number of publications in the field of Trauma Surgery increased by more (286%) than that of Gynecology. At the start of 2023, the percentage of women who were working as doctors at the lowest hierarchical level (junior doctor) was 81%. The publication output per capita of female doctors working at lower levels in the medical hierarchy, i.e., working as junior doctors and senior physicians, was between 40% and 80% lower than that of male doctors working at the same level. However, female directors published as much as male directors did. In the lower hierarchy levels, men were up to 14% more likely to be without
an academic title. Predictors for more extensive publication activities by young female and male doctors include the extent and quality of publications by doctors in senior positions, the presence of a comprehensive cancer center or an institute for human genetics at the location where the young doctors were working, and joint publications with foreign authors.

For the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the results suggest a number of approaches to promote young researchers. The support provided to young female doctors is especially important as this should help to retain them as junior researchers over the long term.
Flexed position of the wrist in the cast reliably prevents
displacement after physeal Salter-Harris I and II distal radius
fractures
Authors: Kralj Rok , Kurtanjek Mario , Gržan Ivan Silvije , Bumči Igor , Višnjić Stjepan , Žic Rado
Published: April 2024

Background Salter-Harris I and II fractures of the distal radius are
common injuries. In our facility, immobilisation is performed in a way that
counteracts angulation forces. The aim of our study was to determine whether
there are significant differences between patients with and patients without a
loss of reduction treated with this method and to determine what degree of
flexion reliably prevents secondary displacement.

Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective study of 112 patients
(mean age: 12 years) who had sustained a Salter-Harris type I or II fracture of
the distal radius and were treated with reduction. Patients were grouped
according to fracture type and whether they sustained a loss of reduction or
not. Patients were compared for gender, age, initial angulation, angulation
after reduction, degree of flexion/extension of the wrist in the cast, residual
angulation, duration of immobilisation, and complication rate. We also analysed
whether a 45-degree flexed position of the wrist in plaster provides reliable
protection against secondary displacement.

Results In group I, patients with no loss of reduction had a significantly
greater degree of wrist flexion in the cast, a significantly shorter duration of
immobilisation and significantly less residual angulation. Patients with an
apex-volar deformity with the wrist immobilised at more than 45 degrees of
flexion had no loss of reduction at all and had significantly less residual
angulation compared with patients with the wrist immobilised at less than 45
degrees of flexion. In this patient group, loss of reduction was noted in 28% of
cases. The patients in group II with loss of reduction showed a significantly
higher angulation after the reduction. During the follow-up examination, one
patient experienced physeal arrest followed by an ulnar impaction syndrome.
Other complications recorded were minor.

Conclusions In summary, based on our results, we recommend that all
physeal fractures of the distal radius with an apex-volar angulation can be
safely treated with reduction and immobilisation counteracting the forces of
angulation. For apex-dorsal fractures, palmar flexion of 45° allows for reliable
reduction.
Psychische Störungen in der ICD-11
Authors: Walter Henrik , Husemann Ronja , Hölzel Lars P.
Published: April 2024

Das internationale Klassifikationssystem für Krankheiten und verwandte Gesundheitsprobleme wurde in seiner 11. Überarbeitung am 1.1.2022 verabschiedet. Bis die ICD-11 verbindlich in der Versorgungspraxis gilt, wird es noch eine bislang nicht festgelegte Zeit dauern. In der ICD-11 werden auf Basis des aktuellen Forschungsstandes grundlegende und spannende Änderungen vorgenommen, die bereits heute Studium und Weiterbildung in den relevanten Disziplinen prägen. Die psychischen Störungen werden in der ICD-11 im Kapitel „06 Psychische Störungen, Verhaltensstörungen oder neuronale Entwicklungsstörungen“ beschrieben. Das Kapitel umfasst 23 Kategorien und enthält eine Reihe neuer Diagnosen, einzelne Störungen entfallen bzw. werden in anderen Kapiteln des ICD-11 klassifiziert. Im Vergleich zur ICD-10 ergeben sich durch die Revision teils bedeutsame Veränderungen für die Diagnostik und damit auch für die Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen.