bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arapça nahiv çalışmaları önemli nahiv ekolleri ve nahiv öğretimi
Authors: BÖLÜKBAŞI Mehmet
Published: September 2021

Köklü bir dil olan Arapça, İslamiyet geldikten sonra büyük bir ilerleme kaydetmiştir. Bununla birlikte; Arapça öğretimi ilk başlarda, ticarî ve dinî nedenlerle ortaya çıkmış daha sonra İslam dinini yaymak için yapılan fetih hareketleri neticesinde yeni coğrafyalar ve farklı kültürlerle karşılaşılmıştır. Fethedilen yerlerde, Arapça öğrenmek isteyen topluluklara Arapçayı öğretmek amacıyla Arapçada gramer çalışmalarına ihtiyaç duyulmuş ve bu sayede Arap gramerinin temelleri atılmıştır. Bu durumun sonucunda Arap gramerinin ilk eserleri telif edilmiş ayrıca Arap diline yeni lehçeler girmeye başlamıştır. Arap dilinin önemli gramer kaynakları telif edilmiş ve önemli gramerciler ortaya çıkmıştır. İslamiyet’i kabul eden diğer milletlere mensup kişilerin Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’i yanlış okumalarını önlemek amacıyla Kur’ân-ı Kerîm harekelenmiştir. Bu sayede yanlış okumaların önüne geçilmiştir. Sâmi dil ailesinden olan Arapça; Eski, Klasik, Orta, Modern Arapça ve sürekli gelişen mahalli lehçeler olmak üzere sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Arapça geniş bir coğrafyaya yayıldığı ve Müslümanlığı kabul eden farklı milletler tarafından konuşulduğu için dinamik bir dil olma özelliğini sürdürmektedir. Batı dünyasında ise ilk başlarda; Hıristiyanlar Müslümanlarla yapacakları dini tartışmalarda üstün gelebilmek amacıyla Arapça öğrenmişlerdir. Daha sonra Arapça öğrenimi ticarî ve kültürel faaliyetler nedeniyle son yıllarda artış göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada, dünyada dört yüz milyon kişi tarafından konuşulan ve bir buçuk milyar Müslümanın ibadet dili ile kadim dillerden olan Arapçanın tarihsel gelişimi, öğretim tarihçesi nahiv çalışmaları, önemli nahiv ekolleri ve nahiv öğretimi hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir.
Slav mitolojisinde halkın “Bilgi Genomu” ve folklorü
Authors: AGİENKO Marina , KIRLI Emre
Published: September 2021

Folklor; mitolojik fikirlerle beslenmiş, kolektif hayatta kalma deneyiminin hazinesi ve insanların sanatsal yaratıcılığıdır. Folklorik eserler ise insanlık tarihinin yazılı olmayan dönemindeki kültür ve dünya algısı hakkında en güvenilir bilgi kaynaklarını oluşturur. Somut olmayan kültürel mirasın analizine dayanan folklorik filoloji çalışmalarının, ilkel düşüncelerin en ince ayrımlarını ortaya çıkardığı söylenebilir. Buna sebep folklorün, mitik unsurları koruması ve dilsel düşünceleri, ses kompleksleri ile efsanevi bir imgeye dönüştürmesidir. Bu çalışmada; folklorik kahramanın isminin etimolojik versiyonunun incelenmesi ve imajının bir dizi niteliksel özelliklerinin araştırılması temelinde, kahramanın adının, sadece semantik-ses kompleksini algılayan dinleyiciye taşıyabileceği olası bir bilgi içeriğinin formüle edilmesine çalışılacaktır. Bilgi genomunun biyolojik metaforu; isimde yer alan tüm aksiyolojik bilgilerin bir araya gelmesi sonucu, "genetik" sıfatının “gen” ve “genesis” (kaynak, köken) adlarıyla türevsel ilişkisi ile desteklenir. Çalışmada, Slav folklorune ait eserlerde geçen Baba Yaga'nın, Türk masallarındaki Cadı örnekleri ile analizi sonucunda etimolojik bir inceleme ve bilgilendirici bir gen “müreffeh bir yaşam prensibi için ilk bakışta ne kadar çelişkili görünse de başka bir kişide ilahi olana ibadet ihtiyacı” ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. “Ölü ataların ruhları faydalı güçlere sahiptir ve zor zamanlarda torunlara yardım ederler” genomu, Rus halk masalındaki peri atının isminin yanı sıra dünya halklarının mitolojik temsillerindeki sihirli atın ve Türk masal evrenindeki imaj zemininin de üzerine oturtulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Impact of using blogs on summary writing skills of EFL university students
Authors: Alqahtani Mashael , Altalhab Sultan
Published: September 2021

This study examines the impact of using blogs on developing students’ summary writing skills and the perceptions of Saudi undergraduate EFL students on using blogs in developing their summary writing skills. The study participants comprised 20 female students, and the data were drawn from pre/post-tests and a questionnaire. The results revealed that blogs are an effective tool that positively impacts learners’ summary writing skills. Moreover, most participants showed positive attitudes towards using blogs in EFL writing; they perceived blogging as a helpful tool that increases motivation and interest to learn, fosters autonomous learning and critical thinking, improves collaboration skills, and provides powerful feedback. Furthermore, the participants reported many benefits of this blogging project: improving learners’ English language skills, facilitating collaboration among students, saving time, developing summary writing skills, and ease of use. However, some participants mentioned drawbacks such as the difficulty of using blogs and the lack of peer comments. Further, some found blogging to be time-consuming. Overall, the benefits of blogging outperformed the drawbacks, demonstrating that blogs are a beneficial and effective tool for EFL learning and teaching; they can improve student writing skills in general and summary writing skills in particular.
Algoritma Multinomial Naïve Bayes Untuk Klasifikasi Sentimen Pemerintah Terhadap Penanganan Covid-19 Menggunakan Data Twitter
Authors: Yuyun  , Nurul Hidayah  , Supriadi Sahibu
Published: September 2021

Currently, the spread of information Covid-19 is spreading rapidly. Not only through electronic media, but this information is also disseminated by user posts on social media. Due to the user text posted is varies greatly, it’s needs a special approach to classify these types of posts. This research aims to classify the public sentiment towards the handling of COVID-19. The data from this study were obtained from the social media application i.e., Twitter. This study uses a derivative of the Naïve Bayes algorithm, namely Multinomial Nave Bayes to optimize the classification results.  Three class labels are used to classify public sentiment namely positive, negative, and neutral sentiments. The stage starts with text preprocessing; cleaning, case folding, tokenization, filtering and stemming. Then proceed with weighting using the TF-IDF approach. To evaluate the classification results, data is tested using confusion matrix by testing accuracy, precision, and recall. From the test results, it is found that the weighted average for precision, recall and accuracy is 74%. Research shows that the accuracy of the proposed method has fair classification levels.
The export of educational services role in the economy of Belarus
Authors:   Institute of Scientific Personnel Training of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kalinin Andrey
Published: September 2021

The current socio-economic situation in the Republic of Belarus determines the search for possible reserves to increase exports and diversify them. The article assesses the direct and indirect contribution of the export of educational services to the country's economy. The socio-economic problems solved by foreign states through the system of training foreign personnel and the possibility of their application are described. The relevance of training foreign citizens in the interests of creating a positive image of the Republic of Belarus and exporting goods through the implementation of cross-promotion projects is substantiated.
TRAFFIC FORECASTING ON THE CITY ROAD NETWORK TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE CAPACITY LIMIT
Authors: Zhezherun Denys
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the paper is to present a model of traffic forecasting on the road section based on a model of the transport system. Traffic forecasting is an integral part of the road design process, from investment to the feasibility study of working documentation. The definition of transportation and distribution of cars by sections is based on a set of interrelated factors. Full and reasonable consideration of these factors for complex road networks is possible only with the help of mathematical models and appropriate programs. The accuracy and consistency of the forecast determine the reliability of almost all the main characteristics of the projected object, from the direction of the route and the location of connection points with existing elements of the road network, ending with specific planning decisions for the road objects. Subject of research: a road traffic and a traffic intensity. Knowledge of forecast data on traffic intensity makes it possible to predict the possible mechanisms to solve the above problems. Methodology: analysis and research of methods used to predict traffic volumes. The method of extrapolation and the method of using approximating functions. Goal. The aim of the work is to compare the forecasting methods used to determine traffic on the road. It is also necessary to show the experience of traffic forecasting on the road network from a European country. Conclusion. All methods for predicting the volume and intensity of movement are short-lived, and if some achieve the desired predicted result, it is very vague and needs to be tested with complex and expensive research to determine and process the initial data. To achieve the desired results, it is necessary to apply new methods of forecasting modeling or improvement of already known ones, which would take into account the evolution of the entire transport system and its components. Determining the capacity of highways is necessary perform to identify areas with possible congestion, assessment economy and conditions of movement of vehicles, and also for a choice of methods and means to improve the traffic conditions of all road users.
FEATURES OF THE LEAN PRODUCTION IMPLEMENTATION AT THE ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE’S DAIRY INDUSTRY
Authors: Foshchii Mariia , Krasnokutska Natalia
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the paper is to study the features of the lean production implementation in the dairy industry of Ukraine. Methodology. To achieve the purpose and solve the tasks set in the paper, a system of general and special research methods was used, namely methods of scientific knowledge (scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, deduction, generalization) to study the theoretical principles of the lean production implementation in Ukraine’s enterprises, and questionnaire to assess the lean production implementation’s effectiveness in the enterprises of Ukraine’s dairy industry. Results of the survey examine the theoretical and methodological foundations of the “lean production” concept: taking into account all the definitions mentioned above, the following author’s definition of lean production is put forward: lean production is a system of the enterprise, which is constantly improving, aimed at building all processes in a continuous flow of value creation by preventing and eliminating all types of losses, involving staff in teamwork based on project approaches and maintaining safe working conditions in order to create attractive value for the consumer. Methodological support for rapid assessment of the lean production implementation’s effectiveness on the basis of employee surveys has been developed and the efficiency of the lean production implementation at the enterprises of Ukraine’s dairy industry has been assessed. It is concluded about the lack of effectiveness of implementing lean production at three enterprises of Ukraine’s dairy industry. This is due to the short period of the lean production implementation, as Enterprise 1 only started implementation at the end of 2020. Based on the survey and questionnaire of employees and managers of Ukraine’s dairy industry, the main stereotypes related to the implementation of lean production are identified and refuted, and the reasons for the slow and inefficient implementation of lean production are identified. Lean manufacturing cannot be implemented once and for all, it must be done constantly, because lean manufacturing is a tool for gaining a competitive advantage. Scientific novelty: methodological support for rapid assessment of the lean production implementation’s effectiveness has been further developed, which, unlike others, takes into account the peculiarities of the dairy industry and allows to determine problems and prospects for enterprise development on the basis of a questionnaire. A promising direction of research is a more detailed analysis of the “lean production polygon”, which is based on the survey. A more detailed analysis of the underlying three pentagons will reveal problems in the three subsystems of lean production.
Anemia during pregnancy: Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects at the obstetric gynecology department of Labe Regional Hospital, Guinee
Authors: Boubacar Siddi Diallo  , Boubacar Alpha Diallo  , Aguibou Barry  , Fatoumata Binta Sow  , Oumar Diawara  , Daniel Leno  , Abdourahamane Diallo  , Ibrahima Sory Balde  , Telly Sy  , Yolande Hyjazi  , Namory Keita
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Calculate the frequency of anemia during pregnancy, describe the epidemiological profile and describe the management of anemia during pregnancy in the gynecology-obstetrics Department of the Labé regional hospital. Methodology: This was a prospective, descriptive study lasting six (6) months from September 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021 All pregnant women who developed anemia and treated were considered for the study in the service. All pregnant women without anemia were included. Our data were analyzed by Epi-Info version 7.2.2.6 software, entered and presented by Pack office 2016 software. Results: The frequency of anemia in pregnant women was 27.61% in the department. The epidemiological profile of anemia in pregnant women at the Labé regional hospital was that of: a woman aged 25-29 (30.63%), housewives (72.97%), women not attending school (66, 67 %.), those Coming from the rural areas (76.58%), married women (100%), pauciparous (29.73%) and only 14.42% did not carry out an antenatal consultation. The anemia occurred in the 3rd trimester (76.58 %,). The main reason for consultation was paleness of the conjunctivae and integuments (92.79%) and malaria the dominant antecedent (60.36%). Severe anemia was the most dominant clinical form (54.96%). Transfusion was performed in 54.95% of women with anemia. The average length of stay was 4.9 days with extremes of 1 and 10 days. The maternal prognosis was favorable in 96.40% with a maternal death rate of 3.60%. Conclusion: Anemia is a major problem for pregnant women in the Gynecology-Obstetrics department at the Labé regional hospital. The improvement of the maternal prognosis would pass by chemoprophylaxis of malaria, the use of impregnated mosquito nets with long-lasting insecticide (LLINs), the prevention of intestinal parasitoses, the regular administration of iron, folic acid and the provision of quality prenatal consultation.
Field day on agronomic and zootechnical tecnologies to farmers in the semi-arid region of northerm Minas Gerais
Authors: Monção Flávio Pinto , Maia Soares Ana Cláudia , Ribeiro Rocha Júnior Vicente , Silva Alencar Amanda Maria , Christian Ferreira Heberth , Cardoso Mendes Érika Vanessa , Da Cunha Siqueira Carvalho Cinara , Junqueira de Sales Eleuza Clarete
Published: September 2021

O dia de campo é uma estratégia que pode ser utilizada para difundir tecnologias geradas nos Centros de Pesquisas e trocar experiências com os produtores rurais. Com base no exposto, objetivou-se por meio da prática do dia de campo orientar e incentivar produtores agropecuaristas da região semiárida quanto ao uso de tecnologias de forma estratégica visando à melhoria da produção de leite e/ou carne ao longo do ano. O dia de campo foi realizado na Agropecuária Boa Sorte localizada no município de Verdelândia, região semiárida do Norte de Minas. O dia de campo foi desenvolvido por meio de palestras técnicas sobre manejo, produção e utilização de silagem para ruminantes; Melhoramento genético de bovinos para produção de leite com ênfase na região semiárida; implantação, manejo e utilização de palma forrageira e BRS capiaçu para bovinos; estratégias de suplementação de bovinos de leite; manejo e utilização de vacinas em bovinos. Houve participação de 93 produtores no dia de campo, sendo a maioria pertencente ao município de Verdelândia. De imediato verificou-se a demanda por mais Dias de campo com a realização de palestras e orientações por parte dos produtores rurais. A recepção dessa extensão rural foi positiva de impacto na produtividade regional. Detecta-se a importância da continuidade das palestras e orientações a técnicas aos produtores da região semiárida do Norte de Minas Gerais.
A new record for the Physalacriaceae family in Turkey
Authors: KAPLAN Derya , UZUN Yasin , KAYA Abdullah
Published: September 2021

Cryptomarasmius minutus (Peck) T.S. Jenkinson & Desjardin, is given as new record for the mycobiota of Turkey with a short description and figures related to its macro and micromorphology. This species is the second member of the genus Cryptomarasmius T.S. Jenkinson & Desjardin in Turkey and characterized by small, red-brown pileus, distant, often reduced lamellae, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid basidiospores, and the presence of pileocystidia, dimorphic cheilocystidia, pleurocystidia, and caulocystidia.
CASE STUDIES ON MULTI-STRING ISOLATION EVALUATION IN P&A OPERATIONS
Authors:   Probe, Zhang Zun , Mueller Dan T. ,   ConocoPhillips Company, Bryce David ,   Probe, Brockway Tom A. ,   ConocoPhillips Company, Iskander Fady ,   Probe
Published: September 2021

Cement sheath quality assessment is a critical initial step in plug and abandonment (P&A) operations during oil and gas well decommissioning. However, the technologies commonly used require unimpeded access to the casing annuli thus enforcing the need for production tubing pulling or inner casing milling. Cement integrity or isolation evaluation through multi-layered well casing strings will provide the opportunity to significantly reduce operational time and costs and to greatly simplify the traditional P&A process. As desired by the industry for years, recent advancements in isolation evaluation have proven the feasibility to assess cement sheath quality without the removal of production tubing or inner casing. The new development, consisting of a sophisticated logging apparatus with a novel processing methodology, led to a groundbreaking technology evaluating zonal isolation through multiple casing strings in wells. The logging tool is deployed in the borehole using E-line, Slickline, or Coiled Tubing; then the acoustic energy that is emitted and received by the tool travels through the tubing and surrounding annulus to reach the isolation barrier behind the casing. A proprietary frequency-domain processing algorithm successfully identifies the desired signal by discriminating it from overwhelming undesired signals such as tubing arrivals. The latest development stage further enables the segmentation of the measurements, providing an improved sensitivity to detect the azimuthal variations in the cement sheath quality. Case histories of applying omnidirectional and segmented multi-string isolation evaluation technology in field trials in the North Sea are presented in the paper. The measurement accuracy has been verified through side-by-side comparisons with industry-standard Cement Bond Log (CBL) and ultrasonic logs recorded after the tubing was removed. Additionally, the technology has been proven applicable to various casing or tubing weight & size combinations with tubing eccentric inside the casing. Thus, it is practicable in actual well configurations and suitable for the deviated well sections as well. In conclusion, this innovative technology that exhibits quantitative assessments of bonding or isolation conditions of wells in multi-string configurations provides a cost-effective solution during P&A and further demonstrates a great potential to accelerate along the path to a rigless P&A operation.
RAPID CROSS-PLOT DISCRIMINATION OF COMMERCIAL POTASH MINERALIZATION – CASE HISTORIES
Authors:   Consulting Petrophysicist, Hill Donald G. , Crain E.R. ,   Petrophysical Advisor and Mentor
Published: September 2021

Potash minerals are a source of potassium, which is used for the manufacture of gunpowder and fertilizer. Commercial potash mineralization is often discovered when petroleum wells are drilled through evaporite sequences and the Gamma Ray log “goes off scale”. This is because potassium is one of the naturally occurring radioactive elements, emitting gamma rays from the 40K isotope, in its decay to 40Ar. However, not all potash minerals may be commercial sources of potassium via underground mechanical or solution mining techniques and Potassium is not the only radioactive element. For example, the mineralogy of the McNutt “Potash” member of the Salado Formation in SE New Mexico, is extremely complex, consisting of multiple thin (i.e., less than 10 ft thick) beds of six low-grade (radioactive) potash minerals, only two of which are commercial. There are also four non-radioactive evaporite minerals, one of which interferes with potash milling chemistry, and numerous claystones and Marker Beds (shales), with GR count rates comparable to the low-grade potash. Because of this complexity, traditional wireline and Logging While Drilling Potash Assay techniques, such as Gamma Ray log-to-core assay transforms, may not be sufficient to identify potentially commercial potash mineralization, for underground mining. Crain and Anderson (1966) and Hill (2019) developed linear programming, and multi-mineral analyses, respectively, to estimate Potash mineralogy and grades. However, both of these approaches require complete sets of multiple log measurements. In SE New Mexico, petroleum wells are drilled through the McNutt “Potash” member of the Salado Formation, with air, cased and drilled out to TD in the underlying sediments, with water based mud. Complete log suites are then run from TD to the casing shoe, with only the GR and neutron logs recorded through the cased evaporite sequence for stratigraphic and structural correlation. As a result, numerous oil and gas wells, in SE New Mexico, have cased hole gamma ray and neutron logs, through the Salado Evaporite. Logs, from these wells could provide a rapid Potash screening database, if used properly. A simple screening cross-plot technique, the Potash Identification (PID) plot, utilizing only Gamma Ray and Neutron Porosity, is proposed and successfully demonstrated, as a potential screening tool. This technique can be used with both open and cased-hole petroleum well logs, as well as core hole wire-line logs, and provides discrimination of commercial potash mineralization from non-commercial (potash and non-potash) radioactive mineralization. Case histories of the use of PID cross plots in the evaporite basins of Michigan, Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan, and SE New Mexico are described. The technique may also be useful in screening potential potash deposits in China, Europe, North Africa, and South America.
SATURATION EXPONENT AS A FUNCTION OF RESERVOIR HETEROGENEITY AND WETTABILITY IN THE TAMBAREDJO OIL FIELD, SURINAME
Authors:   Dunia Technology Solutions, Acosta Elias R. , Nandlal Bhagwanpersad ,   Staatsolie Maatschappij, Harripersad Ryan ,   Former Petrophysics Trainee at Staatsolie Maatschappij
Published: September 2021

This research proposed an alternative method for determining the saturation exponent (n) by finding the best correlations for the heterogeneity index using available core data and considering wettability changes. The log curves of the variable n were estimated, and the effect on the water saturation (Sw) calculations and the Stock Tank Oil Initially In Place (STOIIP) in the Tambaredjo (TAM) oil field was analyzed. Core data were employed to obtain the relationship between n and heterogeneity using cross-plots against several heterogeneity indices, reservoir properties, and pore throat size. After filtering the data, the clay volume (Vcl), shale volume, silt volume, basic petrophysical property index (BPPI), net reservoir index, pore grain volume ratio, and rock texture were defined as the best matches. Their modified/improved equations were applied to the log data and evaluated. The n related to Vcl was the best selection based on the criteria of depth variations and logical responses to the lithology. The Sw model in this field showed certain log readings (high resistivity [Rt] reading ≥ 500 ohm.m) that infer these intervals to be probable inverse-wet (oil-wet). The cross-plots (Rt vs. Vcl; Rt vs. density [RHOB]; Rt vs. total porosity [PHIT]) were used to discard the lithologies related to a high Rt (e.g., lignites and calcareous rocks) and to correct Sw when these resulted in values below the estimated irreducible water saturation (Swir). The Sw calculations using the Indonesian equation were updated to incorporate n as a variable (log curves), comparing it with Sw from the core data and previous calculations using a fixed average value (n = 1.82) from the core data. An integrated approach was used to determine n, which is related to the reservoir’s heterogeneity and wettability changes. The values of n for high Rt (n > 2) intervals ranged from 2.3 to 8.5, which is not close to the field average n value (1.82). Specific correlations were found by discriminating Swir (Swir < 15%), (Swir 15%–19%), and Swir (> 19%). The results showed that using n as a variable parameter improved Sw from 39.5% to 36.5% average in the T1 and T2 sands, showing a better fit than the core data average and increasing the STOIIP estimations by 6.81%. This represents now a primary oil recovery of 12.1%, closer to the expected value for these reservoirs. Although many studies have been done on n determination and its effect on Sw calculations, using average values over a whole field is still a common practice regardless of heterogeneity and wettability considerations. This study proposed a method to include the formation of heterogeneity and wettability changes in n determination, allowing a more reliable Sw determination as demonstrated in the TAM oil field in Suriname.
Steganographic methods in vector graphics
Authors: Kuznetsov A.A. , Kononchenko G.V.
Published: September 2021

Various steganographic techniques are used to hide information. Usually, information is hidden in images, audio and video files, text documents, and the like. The article deals with vector images consisting of various mathematical objects (points, lines, curves of the first and second order, Bezier curves, nodes, tangents, base points, etc.). Information hiding techniques alter these mathematical objects, for example, by encoding the coordinates of the base points. The most successful for carrying out steganographic transformations is the SVG vector graphics format, which, due to its structure, makes it easy to manipulate the objects of which it consists. Its broad support across platforms also allows for increased secrecy when transferring sensitive data by sending seemingly ordinary media files. The article discusses two methods (bitwise and the method of patterns) of hiding information in vector images, studied their features, advantages and disadvantages. Various affine transformations that can be used to disrupt the operation of the steganosystem were also investigated. The most common types of affine transformations are the operations of transfer, rotation, shift and scaling with possible variations (offsets along the abscissa and ordinate axes, proportional and non-proportional scaling, with compression and expansion). Most of the methods for embedding information into vector images provide a one-time resistance to affine transformations, while the repeated imposition of operations for changing the position of objects may destroy the message altogether. The methods investigated in the work (bitwise and the method of patterns) implement a higher level of resistance to various kinds of transformations when they are repeated many times, and the conducted experiments clearly demonstrate this. The results obtained show that vector images can indeed be used to hide information, but the resistance against certain affine attacks is not always high.
Analysis of hardware implementations of electronic signature algorithms qTesla, Crystals-Dilitium and MQDSS at different levels of security
Authors: Yesina M.V. , Shahov B.S.
Published: September 2021

It is known, that existing public-key cryptography algorithms based on RSA and elliptic curves provide security guarantees accompanied by complexity. Based on this one can talk about the impossibility to solve problems of integer factorization and discrete logarithm. However, experts predict that the creation of a quantum computer will be able to crack classical cryptographic algorithms. Due to this future problem, the National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST), together with leading scientists in the field of cryptography, began an open process of standardizing public-key algorithms for quantum attacks. An important feature of the post-quantum period in cryptography is the significant uncertainty regarding the source data for cryptanalysis and counteraction in terms of the capabilities of quantum computers, their mathematical and software, as well as the application of quantum cryptanalysis to existing cryptotransformations and cryptoprotocols. Mathematical methods of electronic signature (ES) have been chosen as the main methods of NIST USA, which have undergone significant analysis and substantiation in the process of extensive research by cryptographers and mathematicians at the highest level. These methods are described in detail and passed the research at the first stage of the international competition NIST USA PQC. Historically, in 1997, NIST sought public advice to determine the replacement of the data encryption standard (DES), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Since then, open cryptographic estimations have become a way of choosing cryptographic standards. For example, NESSIE (2000-2002), eSTREAM (2004-2008), CRYPTREC (2000-2002), SHA-3 (2007-2012) and CAESAR (2013-2019) have adopted this approach. Security was the main parameter in these estimations. Performance in software, performance in application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), performance in FPGAs, and feasibility with limited resources (small microprocessors and low-power hardware) are secondary criteria. This paper presents the comparison of the hardware of three signature algorithms (qTesla, Crystals-Dilitium, MQDSS), which, in particular, are the candidates for the 2nd round of the NIST PQC competition, and the Crystals-Dilitium algorithm is the finalist of this competition. The objective of this work is to analyze and compare three hardware implementations of candidates for the second round of the NIST PQC contest for an electronic signature algorithm.
Processes and methods for selecting system-wide parameters and analysis of resistance against third-party channel attacks for the key encapsulation mechanism DSTU 8961:2019
Authors: Kulibaba V.A.
Published: September 2021

In recent years, there has been significant progress in the creation of quantum computers. If scalable quantum computers are implemented in the near future, this will jeopardize the security of the most widely used public key cryptosystems. The most vulnerable are public-key schemes based on factorization, discrete logarithms and elliptic curve cryptography. Currently, the main task is to develop, evaluate, study and standardize asymmetric crypto transformations at the international level, including mechanisms of key encapsulation and directional encryption, resistant to attacks by violators of the post-quantum period. An important feature of the transition and post-quantum period is the usage of new mathematical methods to opposite quantum crypto analysis. The paper considers the main attacks on the mechanisms of key encapsulation and directional encryption, as well as system-wide parameters of the DSTU 8961: 2019 standard, which affect the resistance to attacks and the complexity of transformations. Methods for generating system-wide parameters of 5 and 7 levels of stability – 512 bits of classical and 256 bits of quantum security, as well as the protection of the algorithm from attacks by third-party channels are considered. The dependence of encryption and decryption time on the level of stability is analyzed. The results of calculations of system-wide parameters for stability levels 256/128, 384/192 and 512/256 are presented, as well as recommendations for the selection of system-wide parameters depending on the environment and computing capabilities. Sets of parameters selected and recommended for use in the DSTU 8961: 2019 standard are given. Conclusions are drawn about the possibility of applying the DSTU 8961 standard in the post-quantum period.
Modification of active region of resonant tunnel diode
Authors: Yatsun К.S.
Published: September 2021

Interest in the study of mesoscopic structures has grown significantly in recent years. This is primarily due to the development of semiconductor technology, which makes it possible to create structures with sizes of the order of units and tens of nanometers. The linear dimensions of such structures are inferior to the de Broglie wavelength of electrons, so the transport of electrons is determined mainly by their wave properties, which, in turn, leads to a number of new effects.

Mesoscopic structures include the resonant tunnel diode (RTD), first proposed by Esaki and Tsu, and which is one of the first nanoelectronic devices. It consists of a semiconductor layer with a fairly narrow band gap, a quantum well (QW) layer located between two semiconductor layers (barriers) with a wider band gap. These layers, in turn, are located between the layers (spacers) of weakly doped narrow semiconductor, followed by highly doped layers of the emitter and collector. There are one or more energy levels of dimensional quantization in the QW. Under the action of bias voltage, the current passes through the RTD only if the emitter contains electrons that can tunnel. Resonant tunneling occurs at the energy level in the QW, and from there to the collector, where the spectrum of energy states is band. RTD has a very high speed of action, for example, it is known that the nonlinear properties of RTD persist up to 104 THz. The RTD is also of great power: it is the only device of nanoelectronics that can be used at room temperatures, and on the VAC of the RTD the areas of negative differential conductivity (NDC) are observed.

In this article, the principle of a resonant tunneling diode is revealed, and the phenomena of tunneling in nanophysics are examined in detail. The volt-ampere characteristic (VAC) model of a two-barrier resonance tunnel diode is calculated. The paper investigates how the change of transparency coefficients and the reflection of the potential barrier of a rectangular shape affect the VAC of the RTD. This study can be the basis for further consideration of how the modification of the active region of the resonant tunnel diode affects its characteristics. In addition, the results of the research allow us to estimate qualitatively the energy required by electrons for tunneling through the structure of the RTD.
Longitudinal distribution of the field intensity of a circular focused aperture
Authors: Dolzhikov V.V.
Published: September 2021

Microwave and millimeter-wave antennas focused in their Fresnel zone, which are usually named as near-field focused (NFF) antennas, are becoming increasingly popular. Indeed, when compared to conventional far-field focused antennas, they can guarantee performance improvement at a relatively limited implementation cost, in short-range communication systems, wireless power transfer arrangements, remote nondestructive sensing setups, and radiofrequency identification apparatus, among many others. In this paper, analytical expressions are obtained for calculating the main parameters characterizing the longitudinal distribution of the circular focused aperture field intensity with a relatively large diameter (2R/λ≥10) : the displacement of the intensity maximum relative to the focal point, focusing gain and depth of focus. Cases of uniform and decreasing amplitude distributions of the excitation field are considered. The found approximate relations make it possible to determine the values of the above parameters for any values of the longitudinal coordinate of the focal point, lying both in the Fresnel zone and in the far zone. Comparison with numerical calculations showed that the error in the obtained parameter values does not exceed 5%. The results of this paper will be useful when calculating the field of antennas in the form of a circular focused aperture, as well as focused antenna arrays operating in the Fresnel zone.
Holistic Approach in Recovery and Conservation of Modern Architecture as Sign of Historical Identity
Authors: Cucco Pasquale , Mariano Santoro Agustin
Published: September 2021

In 20th century a new ideological paradigm emerged in architecture, leading to mutations of function, form and technology, and marking a break with the traditional configuration of spaces, compositional and aesthetic forms. This trend has imposed an architecture based on simple and functional shapes and industrial materials, without excessive ornamentation. Through some selection criteria it is possible to recognize in the modern production “signs and meanings” of historical-documentary value, to be preserved and protected. Currently, there is a lack of consensus in local and national regulations on the criteria to be used for the selection of works to be recovered rather than demolished, on the materials and construction techniques or about the interventions on the Modern Movement architecture, often guided only by economic criteria. The main challenge is how to recover the existing heritage and adapt it to the necessary conditions of habitability, functionality and sustainability of the XXI century, without breaking with its own identity characterized by rationalism, functionalism and industrialized technology. Through a case study in Argentina, this research intends to propose a methodology for the selection of modern works in order to apply recovery and conservation interventions and to guide any projects according to a holistic approach.
Between Earth and Sky: Art and Architecture in Dialogue in the Work of Rui Chafes and Camilo Rebelo
Authors: Maddaluno Raffaella
Published: September 2021

In a former hotel, bought and remodeled by a seed Portuguese producer, in Switzerland, in one of the underground spaces, an architect and a sculptor, also Portuguese, worked together to give life to an egg-shaped space. A space born from the need to give hospitality to a sculpture, Semente by Rui Chafes, has become a pretext for the reflection on numerous themes; the creative and process interaction between art and architecture, the symbolic force of a form like the egg, the possibility of creating a place inside the space and out of time. This collaboration opens the doors to a second chance of project, the client is the same, the place is Portuguese: Grandola, in Alentejo. This time the theme is housing, a concept that brings with it a series of reflections on the relationship between the identity of the person who designs the space and who will then live in it. The collaboration of the two protagonists is measured on this occasion not only with elements experimented in the previous project (the matter, the material, the form), but also with the landscape (its heights, its extensions), with nature (the colors, the smells, the temperature), with the time that will pass and that will put all this to the test. The present text aims to analyze the artistic path of both architect and sculptor, starting from the story of these two occasions in which art and architecture reach a moment of harmonious tangency in the silence and universality of forms. This analysis will reflect on their creative modes, possibly trying to recognize similarities, tangencies or deep divergences. It will also be an opportunity to continue to reflect on the timeless question of the interconnection between art and architecture.
Educational innovation into English as a Foreign Language Practices for Early Children: Neuroeducation and the Total Physical Response Method
Authors:   University Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Ecuador, Vélez Jean Carlos López , Holguin Jhonny Saulo Villafuerte
Published: September 2021

This work aims to improve the practices of English as a foreign language of early children through the articulation of Neuroeducation and the Total Physical Response methodology. This work subscribes to the postmodern paradigm and the mixed educational research approach. The participants were thirty-five students from the second grade of primary education from Ecuador. The research team designed an educational intervention that mixed music and dance for creating more meaningful learning environments in language practices. The instruments used were contextualized observation, semi-structured interviews, and tests of English knowledge. The results allow determining the increase in the significant level of the classes and the motivation for learning English in all students. It is concluded that the articulation of the Total Physical Response methodology and Neuroeducation can contribute positively to the creation of meaningful learning environments and to the innovation of didactics for teaching young children of English as a foreign language.
Police as “Helpers”: Social Studies Content Standards and Dominant Narratives of Law Enforcement
Authors: Kolluri Suneal , Young Kimberly
Published: September 2021

Curricular standards have the potential to elevate dominant ideology at the expense of marginalized perspectives. Recently, dominant narratives of police as a community benefit have been passionately challenged in the public sphere. Through a critical discourse analysis of social studies content standards of 50 states, we evaluate which narratives about law enforcement are reinforced in K–12 curricula. While police in marginalized communities are widely viewed as illegitimate, implicated in a long history of violence, and embedded in structures of oppression, we find that in social studies standards, they are conveyed as the opposite. The police are legitimate, only momentarily violent, and a functional institution abstracted from oppressive systems. We discuss the implications of this curricular dissonance for marginalized communities.
Effect determination of operating environments on growth of subfilm corrosion of machine parts with dispersion-filled polymer coatings
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Gabysheva V. A. , Baurova N. I. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)
Published: September 2021

Detection methods of subfilm corrosion as well as the effect of operating environments on the corrosion growth rate have been examined. The study results of the effect of operating environments on parts with organosilicon polymer coatings modified with various dispersed fillers are presented. It is shown that the addition of mica into the composition of an organosilicon coating make possible to have a protective anticorrosion coating with good adhesion to the metal surface. The effect of operating environments on wettability of the polymer coating surface is described.
Problems of Regional Participatory Budgeting Practices
Authors:   Tula State University, Tula 300012, Russian Federation, Levina Vera V.
Published: September 2021

This paper discusses the various aspects of participatory budgeting as a regional practice. Using Tula region as the example, the author analyzes the problems associated with the selection of projects, the involvement of residents in the process of preparing projects, and the organization of financing. The study has mainly used general scientific methods of systems-structural and structural-functional analysis as well as comparative research. It is established that the consolidation of the participants’ interests is a prerequisite for the preparation and selection of a larger number of participatory projects. Reasons for the prevalence of educational projects and the institutional mechanisms of their preparation are shown. In addition, the article addresses the role of the residents’ interest in the implementation of projects as an intermediate link between their awareness and involvement. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that involvement management and budget planning optimization have a multidirectional effect on the modernization of proactive budgeting mechanisms. As a result, significant amounts of subsidies from regional budgets have been found to have an ambiguous effect on the efficiency of involving residents in the processes of proactive budgeting. Recommendations for improving regional practices of participatory budgeting are formulated; these include control of the number of participants in the preparation of projects and voting, more attention to mechanisms for coordinating the interests of participants in proactive budgeting, and modernization of the mechanism for distributing subsidies. The article proposes the optimal balance of citizen involvement in participatory budgeting and co-financing of their initiatives from municipal and regional budgets.
On the Strategic Effects of Unilateral Sanctions: Russian Experience
Authors:   HSE University, Moscow 119017, Russian Federation, Likhacheva Anastasia B.
Published: September 2021

Much of the academic debate about the consequences of sanctions has been focused on their direct impact or on collateral damage to the bilateral relationship between the issuer of sanctions and the target of sanctions, reflecting the understanding of sanctions as a foreign policy tool. However, an analysis of the Russian experience allows one to raise new questions about the role of sanctions instruments in international affairs. Of course, in the short term, the priority is a policy aimed at minimizing the risks of direct sanctions. Nevertheless, Russia has been under extensive US and EU sanctions for more than seven years, and began to face individual restrictions even earlier. In this regard, the analysis of sanctions reactions can clearly be transferred to the mid- and long-term plane. The analysis of the regulatory legal acts and particular regional and sectoral strategies of Moscow shows that the target countries have been rearranging their international priorities under the threat of further sanctions pressure, both formal and informal. Thus, sanctions are serving not only as a tool of punishment or deterrence, but also as a signaling function in a new meaning — not only demonstrating disapproval of the target country’s policy, but signaling that the planning of long-term development projects is associated with increased risks. Therefore, the complex consequences of sanctions go far beyond the immediate response of the target countries, which is reflected in the industry overview of Russian sanctions pressure adaptation strategies. A particular example of such a transformation, considered in this article, is the sanctions policy in the post-Soviet space—both on the part of individual countries of the region in relation to Russia, and in terms of countermeasures on the part of the Russian Federation.