bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspectual pair, aspectual triplet, aspectual cluster: what is the unit of the category of aspect and can the answer be tested experimentally?
Authors: Samedova-Hajiyeva Nezrin
Published: February 2021

This paper is an attempt to show that the problem of identifying the unit of the category of Russian aspect indicates the explanatory and predictive potential of an aspectological theory. We introduce a wider scientific community to the theory that regards the aspectual pair (or the two-term / binary paradigm) as the only one unit of the category of Russian aspect and that characterizes the notion of the aspectual triplet as an obstacle to aspectological studies. We show how the theory explains Maslov’s (2004) paradox about so-called instantaneous / momentary / punctual verbs such as прыгнуть ‘to jump’. The advanced explanation can be tested by cognitive experiments, which will serve as one more argument for the aspectological theory that rejects the notion of aspectual cluster of any type.
“The patient was admitted…, operated… and recovered quickly…” – a narrative study of medical events in the abstract section of English case reports from otolaryngology
Authors: Zabielska Magdalena
Published: February 2021

This article constitutes a study of the narrative included in the abstract section in case reports from a professional medical journal from otolaryngology. The rationale behind this analysis is that the abstract section is seen not only as the essence of a publication but also as a story in which sequences of events are presented. These events constitute part and parcel of a particular medical practice of case reporting, following thus specific ordering and modes of content presentation, i.e. of the patient, the disease and of the treatment process. This way they yield themselves to narrative analysis. The objective of the paper is to determine the narrative properties of their characteristic discourse.
El fin de la era de los grandes editores de prensa y la emergencia de los nuevos modelos digitales. La reconversión del negocio de la información en España en las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI
Authors: Sánchez Illán Juan Carlos , Luena Lopez César
Published: February 2021

Durante el siglo XX la prevalencia de grandes editores, con unos perfiles políticos y empresariales muy acusados, como Nicolás María de Urgoiti, Luis Montiel Balanzat y Ángel Herrera Oria, así como de auténticas dinastías periodísticas, presidieron el panorama editorial e ideológico de la prensa española de una forma relativamente nítida. La muerte en 2007 del que puede ser considerado el último de los grandes editores clásicos, Jesús de Polanco, marcó, en buena medida, el final de una era en la edición española, conocida globalmente como la de los grandes magnates de la comunicación periodística.

En las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI se ha asistido a la aparición de nuevos promotores de prensa, orientados a la edición de medios nacidos en el ecosistema digital. En este trabajo se aborda este cambio de paradigma editorial por medio de entrevistas y con métodos de análisis esencialmente cualitativos. Para ello, se sigue como filosofía de base la propuesta orteguiana del análisis vital de la trayectoria de los protagonistas y de sus medios periodísticos dentro de su circunstancia histórica, como fundamental elemento explicativo.
Migración en tiempos de la Segunda guerra Mundial. El caso de una mujer judía a Tucumán
Authors: Teitelbaum Vanesa
Published: February 2021

El propósito de este artículo es analizar el movimiento migratorio de refugiados judíos derivado de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y de la violencia nazi. Para ello, el trabajo reconstruye y examina la travesía migratoria de una mujer judía que escapó de Polonia y se refugió en Argentina, al promediar el año 1941. Desde una perspectiva de historia social y con una metodología cualitativa, el trabajo explora, a través de su diario de viaje, sus sentimientos y reflexiones en torno a los familiares que permanecieron en Europa, las dramáticas consecuencias de la guerra y las migraciones forzosas. Argumento que, tanto sus expresiones de agradecimiento por las ayudas recibidas en su trayectoria migratoria como, en contraste, sus opiniones negativas frente a determinadas actitudes y políticas (por ejemplo las de la Unión Soviética) recorrieron sus experiencias de migración, situadas, además, en una etapa clave del avance del terror nazi, antes del establecimiento de la denominada «Solución Final». Otro de los supuestos que subyace en este trabajo gira en torno a los sentimientos de dolor y el peso que significaron para ella haber sido la única de su familia que se salvó, preocupación común a otros refugiados y sobrevivientes judíos de la Shoá.
Ethno-conservation and environmental education in Brazil: resistance and learning in a traditional community
Authors: Valdanha Neto Diógenes , Jacobi Pedro Roberto
Published: February 2021

A existência dos povos tradicionais é frequentemente ameaçada por iniciativas de desterritorialização. Nesse contexto, relata-se um estudo de caso realizado na comunidade ribeirinha de São Carlos do Jamari, localizada no estado de Rondônia— Amazônia brasileira—, com os objetivos de compreender qual a interpretação feita por esses comunitários sobre o desastre da inundação sofrida em 2014 e de compreender quais mudanças foram fomentadas pelos processos de aprendizagem social que permearam esse grupo nesse contexto. A inundação histórica da comunidade ocorreu no contexto de implantação de duas grandes usinas hidrelétricas no rio Madeira — Santo Antônio e Jirau. Foram realizadas entrevistas com sete moradores e um grupo focal com cinco pessoas, além de observações diretas do cotidiano da comunidade e desenvolvimento de conversas informais. Os dados revelam que predomina uma interpretação questionadora do desastre, relacionando-o à implantação das usinas. Também foram identificadas três esferas de mudanças na comunidade permeadas por processos de aprendizagem: as relações comunidade-comunidade, comunidade-território e comunidade-Estado. Argumenta-se pela necessidade de fortalecimento da perspectiva etnoconservacionista em diálogo com a educação ambiental latino-americana.
Fundamentos políticos y conceptuales para diseñar las políticas de educación ambiental en el sistema educativo argentino
Authors: Corbetta Silvina Andrea , Sessano Pablo
Published: February 2021

En Argentina, al igual que en el resto de América Latina, no cesa el conflicto creciente en torno a la disputa por los bienes comunes, mientras que la degradación ambiental global resulta imposible de ocultar ante las evidencias científicas. El artículo se enfoca en la falta de coherencia entre los efectos devastadores de nuestro sistema de vida y la ausencia de un correlato pedagógico en el sistema educativo argentino. El propósito es integrar fundamentos teóricos destinados a una propuesta de lineamientos políticos y conceptuales, en clave de una educación ambiental crítica. Tales fundamentos se conforman a partir de una recopilación bibliográfica proveniente del pensamiento ambiental y pedagógico crítico de Latinoamérica. El texto está compuesto por una introducción y tres apartados: (1) el estado de la cuestión en materia de políticas; (2) la posición de los autores en torno a qué educación ambiental se propone; y (3) algunas gramáticas urgentes para permear el sistema educativo. Se cierra con los retos emergentes frente al contexto actual.
Colonialidad del saber – educación ambiental: la necesidad de diálogos de saberes
Authors: Eschenhagen Maria Luisa
Published: February 2021

Este artículo es una reflexión sobre la educación ambiental en las universidades, entendida como la adquisición de criterios ambientales para tomar decisiones responsables con y frente a la vida. En este texto se indagan las raíces de la forma en que Occidente moderno ha entendido el concepto de ambiente y las distintas perspectivas políticas, económicas y sociales que atraviesan su comprensión, para, después, proponer la necesidad de diversificar dichos puntos de vista, de tal modo que se amplíen las formas de entender las problemáticas ambientales. Si se revisa cómo se entiende el concepto de ambiente, cambia la forma de entender los problemas ambientales. A través de un escrutinio documental crítico, este artículo presenta el contexto y la concepción de ambiente. Luego, se introduce la noción de modernidad/colonialidad y la importancia de la colonialidad del saber para demostrar cómo influye en la idea de naturaleza. Finalmente, se presenta un diálogo de saberes y se propone la perspectiva de la hermenéutica diatópica, que ayuda a disolver posibles malentendidos, por ejemplo, en torno la propuesta de la “naturaleza como sujeto de derecho”.
Investigación educativa: problemática y carácter multidisciplinario. Reflexiones teóricas y filosóficas
Authors: Valle Ana María
Published: February 2021

El texto es el resultado de una reflexión cuyo principal objetivo es indagar en torno a la investigación educativa y su carácter multidisciplinario. En un primer momento, se asume que, por un lado, la problemática de la investigación educativa está relacionada con el sentido conceptual y teórico- metodológico que nace del pensamiento y de la crítica a las preguntas por la educación. Por otra parte, el prefijo multi- no solo hace referencia a la abundancia y a la diversidad; también alude a las intersecciones, desvíos, irrupciones y articulaciones de las disciplinas. En un segundo momento, se revisa la investigación educativa desde la disciplinarización del saber como un combate entre saberes muy propio de la modernidad. El planteamiento teórico metodológico que se sigue es la hermenéutica. Se considera que toda interpretación tiene que protegerse contra la arbitrariedad de las ocurrencias y, más bien, debe orientar su mirada a la “cosa misma”. En este caso, esta mirada interpretativa se dirige a la comprensión de la problemática de la investigación educativa y su carácter multidisciplinario.
El método de estudio de casos en la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales
Authors: Sanabria-Totaitive Inés Andrea , Arango-Martínez Angie Viviana
Published: February 2021

La enseñanza de las ciencias naturales debe integrar el contexto para fortalecer las habilidades de los estudiantes. De acuerdo con esto, las diversas estrategias y metodologías que los docentes utilizan para orientar las clases y para reflexionar sobre su práctica los llevan a mejorar su labor y a alcanzar un aprendizaje significativo en los educandos. En el presente artículo, se da a conocer una investigación de carácter cualitativo, con el objetivo de diseñar e implementar el método de estudio de casos en la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales, para realizar una aproximación hacia la integración de áreas en la escuela rural multigrado a partir del estudio de las aves del municipio de Toca, Boyacá —Colombia—. Se involucró a 14 participantes de básica primaria. Los resultados muestran que el estudio de casos promueve la apropiación de aptitudes hacia el cuidado de las aves, la enseñanza holística de las ciencias y la formulación de preguntas que motivan el análisis y la reflexión. Así, el estudio de casos proporciona herramientas de apoyo al docente de escuela rural multigrado en su labor de enseñanza.
Optimizing pig welfare in the growing and finishing stage
Authors:   Texas Tech University, USA, Garcia Arlene , McGlone John J. ,   Texas Tech University, USA
Published: February 2021

The main objectives of this chapter are to define animal welfare and to identify where intensive production systems may put finishing pigs at risk of poor animal welfare. The chapter discusses pig behavior and how this is affected by production systems, group size, living condition as well as systems for monitoring animal health and care.
Welfare assessment of pigs
Authors:   University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Forkman Björn
Published: February 2021

If the aim of a welfare assessment is to describe the welfare on-farm, not only here and now but for a longer time period, then the measures to be used have to be chosen with this in mind. It is by choosing relevant but common indicators that the assessment is representative of the farm over time. There are two types of animal welfare protocols, those that require the farms to comply with a set of criteria and those that attempt to assess the welfare of the animals on the farm. The advantage of the first approach is that it is transparent and easy to understand, the advantage of the second that it is more flexible and can give a better understanding of what is happening on the farm.
“Psique”: un relato recuperado de Rubén Darío
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Nájera Ramírez Karla Gabriela
Published: February 2021

Perhaps the part of Rubén Darío’s oeuvre that has presented the most difficulties for literary critics is his short stories, as many of these works were not published in one collected volume while the author was alive, but remained scattered in the pages of magazines and journals in the cities where the Nicaraguan resided. Thanks to their invaluable archival work, researchers such as Erwin Kempton Mapes, Diego Manuel Sequeira, Julio Saavedra Molina, Raúl Silva Castro, Máximo Soto Hall, Regino E. Boti, Teodoro Picado, Julio Caillet-Bois, Enrique Anderson Imbert, Ernesto Mejía Sánchez, Pedro Luis Barcia, Jorge Eduardo Arellano and Günther Schmigalle located, between 1920 and 1980, a considerable amount of prose texts written by Darío. These works have been collected under the title Cuentos completos. However, frequent discoveries of testimonies that add to Darío’s short story corpus allow us to argue that some of his texts may not have been unearthed yet. This paper discusses one of such cases; a text signed by R. D., titled “Psique”, was published in the Buenos Aires magazine La Hoja, dated on March 15th, 1894 —a year during which Darío lived in Argentina’s capital city. Aside from offering a transcription of the document, the paper analyses the short story’s features to highlight the thematic and stylistic similarities that “Psique” shares with other texts by Darío.
El discurso herético en Prosas Profanas: ¿secularización o profanación?
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Florencia Capurro María
Published: February 2021

Prosas Profanas y otros poemas by Rubén Darío is built from its initial paratext in a polyphonic way. The title of this collection of poems is based on a negation: the word “profane” is etymologically defined as the negation of religion, which can be understood both in secular and heretical terms. Since all negations imply the incorporation of another’s discourse to be denied, it is possible to affirm that this title encloses the incorporation of a counter-discourse of Christianity. “Ite, missa est” and “El reino interior” are two poems that show how specific genres of the Catholic religion (the mass and the narrative iconography) are subverted to create their own denial. The dialogical relationship between religious discourse and their heretical counter-discourses occurs in Prosas Profanas upon the creation of effects of généricité, since Rubén Darío plays with the limits of highly codified discursive genres. The aim of the following work is to describe how discursive heterogeneity operates as a matrix behind the construction of Prosas Profanas, that is, how it relies on religious discourse in terms of opposition in order to build new meanings of a heretical nature.
Reformulação de valores
Authors: Pastorini Vanessa
Published: February 2021

No período determinado entre 1871 e 1914, cerca de trinta e cinco jornais feministas foram publicados na França. O primeiro a ganhar vida, le Droit des femmes (1869), teve uma má recepção por parte da sociedade da época, o que fez com que o seu editor, Léon Richer, fosse hostilizado publicamente. O escritor, romancista e ativista político, Victor Hugo, reconhecido personagem pertencente ao movimento progressista, escreve uma carta a Léon Richer, em apoio à causa feminista. O presente artigo procura analisar os procedimentos argumentativos adotados pelo autor, cujo objetivo era o estabelecimento de um diálogo em uma sociedade contrária aos novos ideais propostos, entre elas a reformulação dos valores. Dentre os resultados, é possível inferir um domínio da arte da persuasão por parte de Victor Hugo, ao buscar o contato prévio com o auditório, como se valer, em determinados trechos, do gênero epidítico para lidar com um grupo específico. O resultado obtido pelo autor ajuda na compreensão do modelo de sociedade aberta, proposto por Danblon, onde o dissenso é enxergado como algo saudável.
Factors Impacting The Readiness, Acceptance, and Adoption of A.I.'s Involvement in Religious Education: Result Across Generations and Religious Orientation in Vietnam.
Authors: Tran Khoa , Nguyen Tuyet
Published: February 2021

Artificial Intelligence innovations, such as chatbots and specialized education suggestion tools, provide potential interactive and on-demand pedagogical engagement between non-Christians and Christians with Christianity. However, there is little empirical research on the readiness, acceptance, and adoption of A.I.'s involvement in religious education in a secular state, such as Vietnam. This research addresses the literature gap by providing an entrepreneurial analysis and customer perspectives on the ideas of A.I.'s involvement in religious education. Specifically, the study explores whether the Vietnamese across different ages and religious orientations accept and have enough skills to adopt A.I.'s religious education innovation. The interview sample is 32 participants, selected based on their religious orientation (Christians & Non-Christians) and age (Generation X, Generation Y & Generation Z). Most respondents are open to A.I. application in religious education except for the Church's personnel. However, only gen Z generations are fully prepared to adopt this innovation. Theoretically, the research customizes the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model into religious innovation context. Practically, this research acts as market research on the demand for A.I.'s religious innovation in Vietnam, an insight for future religious tech entrepreneurs.
Ex-situ and In-situ Microstructure Investigations of AM Part and Powders
Authors: Albu M. , Mitsche S. , Nachtnebel M. , Krisper R. , Dienstleder M. , Kothleitner H. , Kothleitner G.
Published: February 2021

This paper presents an advanced microstructural analysis of the AlSiMg, Ti64 and N700 powders used for additive manufacturing. The internal microstructure of the regular and irregular powder grains were characterized down to atomic resolution by using scanning electron microscopy and high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy.The accretionary forms on top of the irregular AlSiMg powder grains exhibit a slightly coarse microstructure with a network of eutectic Si consisting of nano-crystallites, suggestinga slower cooling than the grain itself that contain a predominately amorphous Si network. A nm thin amorphous C layer on the surface of some Ti64 plasma atomized powder grains promoted the attachment of satellites and growth of envelopes. In case of gas atomized N700 powder grains, we identified thin oxide and carbon amorphous layers as well as metal segregations at the interface between the grain body and the accretionary forms.
Early Clinical Outcomes by Combination of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy and Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy in Treating Oropharynx Cancer Patients
Authors: Yoon Han Gyul , Ahn Yong Chan , Oh Dongryul , Noh Jae Myoung , Park Seung Kyu , Nam Heerim , Ju Sang Gyu , Kwon Dongyeol , Park Seyjoon
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To report the early clinical outcomes of combining intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) in comparison with IMRT alone in treating the oropharynx cancer (OPC) patients. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 148 OPC patients were retrospectively reviewed, who underwent definitive radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent systemic therapy, from January 2016 till December 2019 at Samsung Medical Center. During the 5.5 weeks’ RT course, the initial 16 (or 18) fractions were delivered by IMRT in all patients, and the subsequent 12 (or 10) fractions were either by IMRT in 81 patients (IMRT only) or by IMPT in 67 (IMRT/IMPT combination), respectively, based on comparison of adaptive re-plan profiles and availability of equipment. Propensity‐score matching (PSM) was done on 76 patients (38 from each group) for comparative analyses. Results: With the median follow‐up of 24.7 months, there was no significant difference in overall survival and progression free survival between groups, both before and after PSM. Before PSM, IMRT/IMPT combination group experienced grade ≥3 acute toxicities less frequently: mucositis in 37.0% and 13.4% (p<0.001); and analgesic quantification algorithm (AQA) in 37.0% and 19.4% (p=0.019), respectively. The same trends were observed after PSM: mucositis in 39.5% and 15.8% (p=0.021); and AQA in 47.4% and 21.1% (p=0.016), respectively. In multivariate logistic regression, grade ≥3 mucositis was significantly less frequent in IMRT/IMPT combination group, both before and after PSM (p=0.027 and 0.024, respectively). AQA score ≥3 was also less frequent in IMRT/IMPT combination group, both before and after PSM (p=0.085 and 0.018, respectively). Conclusions: In treating the OPC patients, with comparable early oncologic outcomes, more favorable acute toxicity profiles were achieved following IMRT/IMPT combination than IMRT alone.
Development of an Indirect ELISA to Detect Equine Antibodies to Theileria haneyi
Authors: Bastos Reginaldo G. , Sears Kelly P. , Dinkel Kelcey D. , Kappmeyer Lowell , Ueti Massaro W. , Knowles Donald P. , Fry Lindsay M.
Published: February 2021

The apicomplexan parasite Theileria haneyi is one of two known causative agents of equine theileriosis. It causes milder clinical disease than its more virulent counterpart, Theileria equi, in experimentally infected horses, and can superinfect T. equi-positive horses. The current EMA1-based competitive ELISA used in the U.S. to detect equine theileriosis detects T. equi but not T. haneyi, and the complexity of molecular assays precludes widespread use for epidemiologic studies. In order to facilitate urgently needed studies on the prevalence of T. haneyi, the goal of this study was to develop a sensitive and specific serologic assay for the diagnosis of T. haneyi based on the equi mero-zoite antigen 11 (ThEMA11). To achieve this objective, ThEMA11 was recombinantly expressed in eukaryotic cells and its antigenicity assessed using sera from T. haneyi-experimentally infected horses. Confirmation of sera reactiv-ity enabled design and optimization of an indirect ELISA. Specificity of the ELISA for T. haneyi was assessed using a cohort of sera from horses experimentally infected and confirmed PCR-positive for either T. equi or T. haneyi. Data from field samples further demonstrate that the ThEMA11 ELISA is capable of identifying T. haneyi antibodies in horses from multiple continents around the world.
Influence of Powder Parameters on Powder Bed and Productivity of l-pbf
Authors: Johannes Schrage , Johannes Henrich
Published: February 2021

While L-PBF offers advantages in terms of geometrical freedom or lightweight construction, its use is often limited by economic constraints or currently achievable part costs. With an anticipated increase of L-PBF machine productivity during the next years, an increase of the share of material costs and the share of non-productive time for powder layer application process is to be expected. This results in a demand for less expensive powder materials and advanced processing strategies for the short-and medium-term advancement of L-PBF. As one possible approach, the processing of gas- and water atomized stainless steel (316L) powders with different morphology and particle size distribution as well as their impact on L-PBF productivity is investigated. The actual powder applicability in L-PBF systems and the L-PBF processability determines the minimum necessary powder quality. The main focus of the presented work is put on the interaction between powder quality, powder layer properties, part quality and cost-effectiveness of the L-PBF process. To this end, the influence of the gas and water-atomized powder properties (particle size and morphology) during the powder layer application process at highest possible powder recoater speeds and the resulting powder bed properties (powder layer density, powder bed density, powder demixing) and part properties (part density and tensile strength) is investigated.
Frequency of compound hot-dry weather extremes has significantly increased in Australia since 1889
Authors: Collins Brian
Published: February 2021

There is high confidence that climate change has increased the probability of concurrent temperature-precipitation extremes, changed their spatial-temporal variations, and affected the relationships between drivers of such natural hazards. However, the extent of such changes has been less investigated in Australia. Daily weather data (131 years, 1889-2019) at 700 grid cells (1◦ × 1◦) across Australia was obtained to calculate annual and seasonal mean daily maximum temperature (MMT) and total precipitation (TPR). A nonparametric multivariate copula framework was adopted to estimate the return period of compound hot-dry (CHD) events based on an ‘And’ hazard scenario (hotter than a threshold ‘And’ drier than a threshold). CHD extremes were defined as years with joint return periods of larger than 25 years. Mann-Kendall nonparametric tests was used to analyse trends in MMT and TPR as well as in the frequency of univariate and CHD extremes. A general cooling-wetting trend was observed over 1889-1989. Significant increasing trends were detected over 1990-2019 in the frequency and severity of hot extremes across the country while trends in dry extremes were mostly insignificant (and decreasing). Results showed a significant increase in the association between temperature and precipitation at various temporal scales. The frequency of CHD extremes was mostly stable over 1889-1989, but significantly increased between 1990 and 2019 at 44% of studied grid cells, mostly located in the north, south-east and south-west. Spatial homogeneity (i.e. connectedness) and propagation of extreme events from one grid cell to its neighbouring cells was investigated across Australia. It can be concluded that this connectedness has not significantly changed since 1889.
Mediator-Related Symptoms and Anaphylaxis in Children with Mastocytosis
Authors: Brockow Knut , Plata-Nazar Katarzyna , Lange Magdalena , Nedoszytko Bogusław , Niedoszytko Marek , Valent Peter
Published: February 2021

Mastocytosis is characterized by pathological accumulation of mast cells (MC) in various organs. In these patients, MC may degranulate and thereby contribute to clinical symptoms, especially when a concomitant allergy is present. However, MC activation can not only be induced by high-affinity receptors for IgE, but also by anaphylatoxins, neuropeptides, IgG immune complexes, complement-components, drugs, products of bacteria or parasites, as well as physical factors such as heat, cold, vibration, stress, sun, or physical effort. Symptoms due to mediators released by activated MC may develop in adults suffering from systemic mastocytosis, but also evolve in children who usually have cutaneous mastocytosis (CM). Clinically, CM is otherwise characterized by typical brown, maculopapular skin lesions or mastocytoma associated with a positive Darier’s sign. Pruritus and flushing are common and blistering may also be recorded, especially in diffuse CM (DCM). Pediatric patients with mastocytosis may also have gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neurologic complaints. Although anaphylaxis is not a typical finding, pediatric patients with massive skin involvement and high tryptase levels have a relatively high risk to develop anaphylaxis. This paper reviews MC mediator-related symptoms and anaphylaxis in children with mastocytosis, with special emphasis on risk factors, triggers, and management.
Development of Perceptual Inhibition in Adolescents, a Critical Period?
Authors: Introzzi Isabel Maria , Richard’s María Marta , Aydmune Yesica , Zamora Eliana Vanesa , Stelzer Florencia , García Coni Ana , Ramón María Fernanda López , Navarro-Pardo Esperanza
Published: February 2021

Recent studies suggest that the developmental curves in adolescence, related to the development of executive functions, could be fitted to a non-linear trajectory of development with progressions and retrogressions. Therefore, the present study proposes to analyze the pattern of development in Perceptual Inhibition (PI), considering all stages of adolescence (early, middle, and late) in intervals of one year. To this aim, we worked with a sample of 275 participants between 10 and 25 years, who performed a joint visual and search task (to measure PI). We have fitted exGaussian functions to the probability distributions of the mean response time across the sample and performed a covariance analysis (ANCOVA). The results showed that the 10- to 13-year-old groups performed similarly in the task and differ from the 14- to 19-year-old participants. We found significant differences between the older group and all the rest of the groups. We discuss the important changes that can be observed in relation to the nonlinear trajectory of development that would show the PI during adolescence.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Healthy Nordic Diet Intervention for the Treatment of Depression: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Sabet Julia A. , Ekman Moa S. , Lundvall A. Sofia , Risérus Ulf , Johansson Ulrica , Öström Åsa , Adamsson Viola , Cao Yang , Msghina Mussie , Brummer Robert J.
Published: February 2021

Healthy diet interventions have been shown to improve depressive symptoms, but there is a need for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that are double-blind and investigate biological mechanisms. The primary objectives of this randomized controlled pilot trial were to test the palatability of the meals and acceptability of the intervention in preparation for a future 8-week RCT which will investigate whether a healthy Nordic diet improves depressive symptoms in individuals with major depressive disorder, and associated biological mechanisms. Depressed (n=10) and non-depressed (n=6) women and men were randomized to receive either a healthy Nordic diet (ND) or a control diet (CD) for 8 days. Participants were blinded to diet allocation and study hypotheses. Health questionnaires were completed before and after the intervention, and, throughout the study, questionnaires assessed ratings of liking and sensory properties of the meals, adherence, and open-ended feedback. In the ND group, 75% of participants consumed no non-study foods, compared to 50% of CD participants. The meals of both diets, on average, received good ratings for liking and sensory properties, though the ND ratings were somewhat higher. Overall, results were positive and informative, indicating that the planned RCT will be feasible and well-accepted, with some proposed modifications.
The Endocannabinoid System and Invertebrate Neurodevelopment and Regeneration
Authors: Clarke Tristyn L. , Johnson Rachael L. , Simone Jonathan J. , Carlone Robert  L.
Published: February 2021

Cannabis has long been used for its medicinal and psychoactive properties. With the relatively new adoption of formal medicinal cannabis regulations worldwide, the study of cannabinoids, both endogenous and exogenous, has similarly flourished in more recent decades. In particular, research investigating the role of cannabinoids in regeneration and neurodevelopment has yielded promising results in vertebrate models. However, regeneration-competent vertebrates are few, whereas a myriad of invertebrate species have been established as superb models for regeneration. As such, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the endocannabinoid system, with a focus on current advances in the area of endocannabinoid system contributions to invertebrate neurodevelopment and regeneration.
Analysis of Finnish Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) Shell: Biomineral Ultrastructure, Organic-Rich Interfacial Matrix and Mechanical Behavior
Authors: Mohammadi Pezhman , Wagermaier Wolfgang , Penttilä Merja , Linder Markus B.
Published: February 2021

Studying various marine biomineralized ultrastructures reveals the appearance of common architectural designs and building blocks in materials with fascinating mechanical properties that match perfectly to their biological tasks. Advanced mechanical properties of biological materials are attributed to evolutionary optimized molecular architectures and structural hierarchy. One example which has not yet been structurally investigated in great detail is the shell of Mytilus edulis L. (Finnish blue mussel) found in the archipelago of SW-Finland. Through a combination of various state-of-the-art techniques such as high-resolution electron microscopy imaging, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation and protein analysis, both the inorganic mineralized components as well as the organic-rich matrix were extensively characterized. We found very similar ultra-architecture across the shell of M. edulis L. as compared to the widely studied and closely related M. edulis. However, we also found interesting differences, for instance in the thickness and degree of orientation of the mineralized layers indicating dissimilar properties and related alterations in the biomineralization processes. Our results show that the shell of M. edulis L. has a gradient of mechanical properties, with the increase in the stiffness and the hardness from anterior to the posterior region of the shell. The shell is made from distinct and recognizable mineralized layers each varying in thickness and microstructural features. At posterior regions of the shell, moving from dorsal to ventral side, these layers are an oblique prismatic layer, a prismatic layer and a nacreous layer, in which the oblique prismatic layer is found to be the main and thickest mineralized layer of the shell. Probing the calcified rods in the oblique prismatic layer using high resolution SEM imaging revealed opening of channels with a diameters of 40-50 nm and lengths up to a micrometer extending through the rods. The chitin and protein have been found to be the main component of the organic-rich interfacial matrix as expected. Protein analysis showed two abundant proteins with sizes around 100 kD and 45 kD which likely not only regulates biomineralization and adhesion of the crystals but also governing the intrinsic-extrinsic toughening in the shell. Overall, this detailed analysis provides new structural insights into biomineralization of marine shells in general.
Racial Disparities in Post-Acute Home Health Care Referral and Utilization Among Older Adults with Diabetes
Authors: Smith Jamie M. , Jarrín Olga F. , Lin Haiqun , Dharamdasani Tina , Tsui Jennifer , Thomas-Hawkins Charlotte
Published: February 2021

Racial and ethnic disparities exist in diabetes prevalence, health services utilization, and out-comes including disabling and life-threatening complications. Home health care may especially benefit older adults with diabetes through individualized education, advocacy, care coordina-tion, and psychosocial support for patients and their caregivers. This study examined factors as-sociated with hospital discharge to home health care and subsequent utilization of home health care among a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes, age 50 and older, living in the United States. The cohort (n=786,758) was followed for 14 days after a diabetes-related index hospitalization, using linked Medicare administrative, claims, and assessment data (2014-2016). Multivariate logistic regression models included patient demographics, comorbidities, hospital length of stay, geographic region, neighborhood area deprivation, and rural/urban setting. In ful-ly adjusted models, hospital discharge to home health care was significantly less likely among Hispanic (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.8-0.8) and American Indian (OR 0.8, CI 0.8-0.8) compared to white patients. Among those discharged to home health care, all racial/ethnic minority patients were less likely to receive services within 14-days. Further work should focus on eliminating systemic racism in home health care referral and systemic barriers to receiving home health care services.
New Bifunctional Bis(azairidacycle) with Axial Chirality via Double Cyclometalation of 2,2’-Bis(aminomethyl)-1,1’-binaphthyl
Authors: Sato Yasuhiro , Kawata Yuichi , Yasui Shungo , Kayaki Yoshihito , Ikariya Takao
Published: February 2021

As a candidate for bifunctional asymmetric catalysts containing a half-sandwich C–N chelating Ir(III) framework (azairidacycle), a dinuclear Ir complex with an axially chiral linkage is newly designed. An expedient synthesis of chiral 2,2’-bis(aminomethyl)-1,1’-binaphthyl (1) from 1,1-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) was accomplished by a three-step process involving nickel-catalyzed cyanation and subsequent reduction with Raney-Ni and KBH4. The reaction of (S)-1 with an equimolar amount of [IrCl2Cp*]2 (Cp* = 5-C5(CH3)5) in the presence of sodium acetate in acetonitrile at 80 °C gave a diastereomeric mixture of new dinuclear dichloridodiiridium (5) through the double C–H bond cleavage, as confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A loss of the central chirality on the Ir centers of 5 was demonstrated by treatment with KOC(CH3)3 to generate the corresponding 16e amidoiridium complex 6. The following hydrogen transfer from 2-propanol to 6 provided diastereomers of hydrido(amine)iridium with retaining the bis(azairidacycle) architecture. The dinuclear chlorido(amine)iridium 5 can serve as a catalyst precursor for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone with a substrate to catalyst ratio of 200 in the presence of KOC(CH3)3 in 2-propanol, leading to (S)-1-phenylethanol with up to 67% ee.
Object Detection, Distributed Cloud Computing and Parallelization Techniques for Autonomous Driving Systems
Authors: Cortés Gallardo Medina Edgar , Velazquez Espitia Victor Miguel , Chípuli Silva Daniela , Fernández Ruiz de las Cuevas Sebastián , Palacios Hirata Marco , Zhu Chen Alfredo , González González José Ángel , Bustamante Bello Rogelio , Moreno-García Carlos Francisco
Published: February 2021

Autonomous driving systems are increasingly becoming a necessary trend towards building smart cities of the future. Numerous proposals have been presented in recent years to tackle particular aspects of the working pipeline towards creating a functional end-to-end system, such as object detection, tracking, path planning, sentiment or intent detection. Nevertheless, few efforts have been made to systematically compile all of these systems into a single proposal that effectively considers the real challenges these systems will have on the road, such as real-time computation, hardware capabilities, etc. This paper has reviewed various techniques towards proposing our own end-to-end autonomous vehicle system, considering the latest state on the art on computer vision, DSs, path planning, and parallelization.
Metallic Powder Flowability: A Comparison Between Testing Methods and The Effect of Particle Size Distribution
Authors: Lorenzo Marchetti , Christopher Hulme
Published: February 2021

The flowability of a powder is a characteristic dependent on both the particle ensemble's physical properties as well as the testing equipment and conditions. In powder bed additive manufacturing processes (SLM, EBM), flowability can be used to predict the quality of the deposited powder layer. However, how representative flowability is for the powder bed layer quality is not always clear.In this work, we compared several steel powders, as well as different testing methods. Each powder had an individual combination of composition or particle size distribution. Furthermore, the flowability testing equipment and methods were selected according to standards (Tap density, Hall flow) or referring to the published literature (angle of repose, FT4 Powder Rheometer). After measuring the flowability of different samples for each testing method, we created a database to evaluate a first correlation between the different testing methods. Finally, with a Powder Rheometer, we investigated for one sample some flow properties as function of different particle size distributions.
Strain Engineering for Tuning the Photocatalytic Activity of Metal-Organic Frameworks – Theoretical Study of the UiO-66 Case
Authors: Stojković Marija , Pašti Igor A.
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the class of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials emerged. These materials' unique properties can be assigned to their structure, containing inorganic nodes connected with organic linkers. Due to their porosity and flexibility, MOFs have become suitable for various energy-related applications, including gas storage, hydrogen production and heterogeneous catalysis, and photocatalysis. Using DFT+U calculations, we show that the substitution of metal centers in inorganic nodes and the strain engineering of UiO-66 alters the electronic and optical properties of this material. We show that applying mechanical strain on UiO-66 enables the control of absorption coefficient in the UV-Vis spectrum and the photocatalytic processes' selectivity when reactants for several photocatalytic processes are present. The presented findings could lead to general strategies for designing novel MOFs for sustainable energy conversion applications.
Sliding Mode Control and Geometrization Conjecture in Seismology
Authors: Munteanu Ligia , Dumitriu Dan , Brisan Cornel , Bara Mircea , Chiroiu Veturia , Nedelcu Nicoleta , Rugina Cristian
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this paper is to study the sliding mode control as a Ricci flow process in the context of a three-story building structure subjected to seismic waves. The stability conditions result from two Lyapunov- functions, the first associated with slipping in a finite period of time, and the second with convergence of trajectories to the desired state. Simulation results show that the Ricci flow control leads to the minimization of the displacements of the floors. 3D Ricci solitons projection via a semi-conformal mapping to a surface is also studied.
Assessing Market Risk in BRICS and Oil Markets: An application of Markov Switching and Vine Copula
Authors: Muteba Mwamba John Weirstrass , Mwambi Sutene M
Published: February 2021

This paper investigates the dynamic tail dependence risk between BRICS economies and world energy market in the context of the COVID-19 financial crisis of 2020, to determine optimal investment decisions based on risk metrics. For this purpose, the study employs a combination of novel statistical techniques ranging from Markov Switching, GARCH and Vine copula. Using a dataset consisting of daily stock and world crude oil prices; we find high probability of transition between lower and higher volatility regimes. Furthermore, our results based on the C-Vine copula confirm the existence of two types of tail dependence: - symmetric tail dependence between South Africa and China; South Africa and Russia; and lower tail dependence between South Africa and India; South Africa and Brazil; South Africa and Oil. For the purpose of diversification in these markets, we formulate an asset allocation problem using C-vine copula-based returns and optimize it using Particle Swarm algorithm with a rebalancing strategy. The results show an inverse relationship between the risk contribution and asset allocation of South Africa and oil market supporting the existence of lower tail dependence between them. This suggests that when South African stocks are in distress, investors tend to shift their holdings in oil market. Similar results are found between China and oil. In the upper tail, South African asset allocation is found to have an inverse relationship with that of Brazil, Russia and India suggesting that these three markets might be good investment destinations when things are not good in South Africa and vice-versa.
Targeting the DEAD-box RNA Helicase eIF4A with Rocaglates - A Pan-Antiviral Strategy for Minimizing the Impact of Future RNA Virus Pandemics
Authors: Taroncher-Oldenburg Gaspar , Müller Christin , Obermann Wiebke , Ziebuhr John , Hartmann Roland K. , Grünweller Arnold
Published: February 2021

The increase in pandemics caused by RNA viruses of zoonotic origin highlights the urgent need for broad-spectrum antivirals against novel and re-emerging RNA viruses. Broad-spectrum antivirals could be deployed as first-line interventions during an outbreak while virus-specific drugs and vaccines are developed and rolled out. Viruses depend on the host’s protein synthesis machinery for replication. Several natural compounds that target the cellular DEAD-box RNA helicase eIF4A, a key component of the eukaryotic translation initiation complex eIF4F, have emerged as potential broad-spectrum antivirals. Rocaglates, a group of flavaglines of plant origin that clamp mRNAs with highly structured 5’UTRs onto the surface of eIF4A through specific stacking interactions, exhibit the largest selectivity and potential therapeutic indices among all known eIF4A inhibitors. Their unique mechanism of action limits the inhibitory effect of rocaglates to the translation of eIF4A-dependent viral mRNAs and a minor fraction of host mRNAs exhibiting stable RNA secondary structures and/or polypurine sequence stretches in their 5´UTRs, resulting in minimal potential toxic side effects. Maintaining a favorable safety profile while inducing efficient inhibition of a broad-spectrum of RNA viruses makes rocaglates into primary candidates for further development as pan-antiviral therapeutics.
Incidencia de algunos factores sobre defectos de la canal de pollos durante el engorde
Authors: Kun Z. , Uluocak A. N. , Karaman M.
Published: February 2021

El propósito de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la edad de sacrificio, densidad de población, sexo, tipo de yacija, tipo de alimentador y tipo de gallinero sobre posibles defectos de la canal tales como huesos rotos, defectos articulares, erosiones en la pechuga, sangre y hematomas de la pechuga, muslo o alas, hematomas de la pechuga. La incidencia de estos problemas decreció al aumentar la edad del ave. La incidencia de huesos rotos, defectos articulares y hematomas en la pechuga aumentó con la densidad de población. Los defectos articulares y sangre o hematomas del muslo en las hembras fueron más frecuentes que en los machos. No se encontraron diferencias entre tipos de yacija, tipos de alimentador o tipo de gallinero. Huesos rotos, hematomas u otros defectos indican ausencia de bienestar y pérdidas económicas. Se determinó la contribución al total de la naturaleza e incidencia de defectos.
Desempenho de cordeiros cruzados em Alagoas, Brasil
Authors: Rocha L. P. , Fraga A. B. , Araújo Filho J. T. , Figueira R. F. , Pacheco K. M. G. , Silva F. L. , Rodrigues D. S.
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar cordeiros provenientes de cruzamentos e estimar alguns efeitos de ambiente que afetam o desempenho desses animais em um plantel de ovinos deslanados no Estado de Alagoas. As características estudadas foram peso ao nascer, aos 15, 30 e 45 dias de idade. Foram incluídos os efeitos de tipo de parto (simples ou múltiplos), sexo do produto, genótipo (Santa Inês (SI), Dorper x Santa Inês (DxSI), Cabugi x Santa Inês (CxSI) e Mestiço x Santa Inês (MxSI)) e grupo de contemporâneos (mês e ano de nascimento) em 128 informações de parições. As médias de peso ao nascer para os cordeiros SI, D x SI, C x SI e M x SI foram de 3,32; 3,59; 2,95 e 3,28 kg, respectivamente. As médias de peso aos 45 dias de idade para os cordeiros SI, D x SI, C x SI e M x SI foram 9,09; 9,17; 10,58 e 9,08 kg respectivamente. O efeito de tipo de parto foi significativo para todas as variáveis em estudo indicando que animais oriundos de partos simples apresentaram pesos superiores na pré desmama. Os efeitos de sexo e genótipo não foram significativos para nenhumas das características. O grupo de contemporâneos foi significativo apenas para peso ao nascer.