bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HPV‐CCDC106 integration promotes cervical cancer progression by facilitating the high expression of CCDC106 after HPV E6 splicing
Authors: Zhi Wenhua , Wei Ye , Lazare Cordelle , Meng Yifan , Wu Ping , Gao Peipei , Lin Shitong , Peng Ting , Chu Tian , Liu Binghan , Ding Wencheng , Cao Canhui , Wu Peng
Published: July 2022

Human papillomavirus (HPV) integration and high expression of HPV oncogenes (E6 and E7) are important mechanisms for HPV carcinogenesis in cervical cancer. However, the relationship between HPV integration and HPV E6 spliced transcripts, as well as the underlying mechanisms of HPV integration in carcinogenesis after HPV E6 splicing remains unclear. We analyzed HPV‐coiled‐coil domain containing 106 (CCDC106) integration samples to characterize the roles of HPV integration, E6 spliceosome I (E6*I), and high CCDC106 expression in cervical carcinogenesis. We found that E6 was alternatively spliced into the E6*I transcript in HPV‐CCDC016 integration samples with low p53 expression, in contrast to the role of E6*I in preventing p53 degradation in cervical cancer cells. In addition, CCDC106 was highly expressed after HPV‐CCDC106 integration, and interacted with p53, resulting in p53 degradation and cervical cancer cell progression in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, when E6*I was highly expressed in cervical cancer cells, overexpression of CCDC106 independently degraded p53 and promoted cervical cancer cell progression. In this study, we explored the underlying mechanisms of HPV‐CCDC106 integration in HPV carcinogenesis after HPV E6 splicing, which should provide insight into host genome dysregulation in cervical carcinogenesis.
Safety and efficacy of molnupiravir in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected patients: A real‐life experience
Authors: De Vito Andrea , Colpani Agnese , Bitti Alessandra , Zauli Beatrice , Meloni Maria Chiara , Fois Marco , Denti Lucia , Bacciu Sara , Marcia Claudia , Maida Ivana , Babudieri Sergio , Madeddu Giordano
Published: July 2022

Since the start of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic, several treatments have been proposed to cure coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and prevent it. Molnupiravir is a ribonucleoside prodrug of N‐hydroxycytidine with an in vitro and in vivo activity against SARS‐CoV‐2. We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included all people treated with molnupiravir between January 10, 2022, and March 31, 2022, at the University Hospital of Sassari. Molnupiravir was prescribed, according to the Italian Agency of Drug indications, to patients with recent symptom onset (≤5 days), no need for oxygen supplementation, and with a high risk of disease progression for the presence of chronic diseases. We included 192 people with a mean age of 70.4 ± 15.4 years, with 144 (75%) patients over 60 years. During the follow‐up, 20 (10.4%) patients showed a disease progression. At the multivariate analysis, older age, having neurological disease, having dyspnea at the onset of the symptoms, and acquiring SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during hospital admission were associated with an increased risk of progression. In contrast, an early start of treatment was associated with a reduced risk of disease progression. Molnupiravir was also extremely safe since 13 (6.8%) adverse events were reported, with only one interruption. Our study shows that monlupiravir confirmed its efficacy and safety in a real‐life cohort that included a high percentage of elderly people with a high comorbidity burden.
Impact of reduced ENSO variability and amplitude on ISMR prediction in the long‐lead forecasts of monsoon mission CFS
Authors: Pillai Prasanth A. , Rao Suryachandra A. , V. Gangadharan Kiran , Pradhan Maheswar , Srivastava Ankur , Jain Deepesh K.
Published: July 2022

Despite the reduction in interannual variability and amplitude of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) after 2000, its influence on Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) is stronger than in the previous decades. Meanwhile, our analysis with high‐resolution Monsoon Mission Climate Forecast system (MMCFS, ~38 km horizontal resolution) indicates a sharp decrease in ISMR skill and ENSO–ISMR teleconnection since 2000 at long lead (3 months, Feb IC) hindcasts. At the same time, ISMR skill is intensified for a short lead (1 month, Apr IC). The persistence skill of ENSO decreased after 2000, but the decrease is more severe for January–March initial months. So the ENSO skill will be lower for models initialized during these months compared with other months. Also, the Feb IC hindcast has a similar ENSO teleconnection pattern during both periods and hence it failed to capture the modified influence of ENSO after 2000, such as the absence of dipole anomalies in the Indian Ocean and stronger subsidence over India. Thus, the model hindcasts that depend heavily on ENSO teleconnection for ISMR simulation have reduced skill in recent years. The role of other predictors along with ENSO for Apr IC hindcasts is hence evident in the current period. It is shown that after 2000, tropical Atlantic SST anomalies contributed significantly to ISMR interannual variability in observations. In these, Atlantic Meriodnal Mode (AMM) influences ISMR through off‐ equatorial circulation in absence of ENSO during the second period. Atlantic zonal mode has a weaker influence in absence of ENSO during both periods. Atlantic SST influence on ISMR is captured by April IC hindcasts during period 2, while Feb IC has the opposite relationship. Thus, the presence of another predictor in the form of tropical Atlantic SST along with strong ENSO–ISMR teleconnection makes the short lead hindcast of ISMR more skilful in the recent period for MMCFS.
Understanding passengers’ satisfaction and loyalty towards ridesharing services
Authors: Shamsudin Mohd Farid , Abu Bakar Abdul Rahim , Hashim Fariza
Published: July 2022

This study examines the ridesharing services in a developing economy, with the aim of revealing the factors influencing passengers’ satisfaction and loyalty. This study is important as the ridesharing industry is growing at a tremendous rate and will ultimately attract many new players in the market. Offered abundant choices, consumers are exploring the best ridesharing services that meet their satisfaction. As the switching costs and brand loyalty are lower for on‐demand services, it is pertinent to understand ridesharing passengers’ satisfaction and loyalty. The findings of this study are based on a questionnaire survey of 200 ridesharing passengers. The results reveal that both brand image and price significantly influence customer satisfaction. However, in terms of customer loyalty, only brand image is statistically significant. Price did not have a significant impact on customer loyalty. Overall, this research corroborated previous studies on the positive relationship of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The paper concludes by providing numerous theoretical and practical implications based on the findings of the study
Multi‐proxy reconstruction of the Holocene vegetation and land use dynamics in the Julian Alps, north‐west Slovenia
Authors: Caf Nina , Sabatier Pierre , Šmuc Andrej , Ogrinc Nives , Dolenec Matej , Rapuc William , Potočnik Doris , von Grafenstein Ulrich , Andrič Maja
Published: July 2022

Small mountain lakes are natural archives for understanding long‐term natural and anthropogenic impact on the environment. This study focused on long‐term (last ca. 13 000 years) vegetation changes and sedimentary processes in the catchment area of Lake Planina pri jezeru (1430 m a.s.l.) by using mineralogical, geochemical and palynological methods. Palynological results suggest that regional vegetation between 12 900 and 11 700 cal a bp was a herbaceous–forest tundra (Pinus, Artemisia, Poaceae). Climate warming at the beginning of the Holocene (ca. 11 700 cal a bp) caused the transition from a wetland (Cyperaceae) to an eutrophic lake with alternating anoxic (pyrite) and oxic conditions (gypsum). In addition, the surrounding area became forested (Picea, Larix, Ulmus). Fagus expanded at 10 200 cal a bp and Abies at 8200 cal a bp. Between 7500 and 4300 cal a bp, human impact on the environment was barely noticeable and mostly limited to grazing. During 4300–430 cal a bp human impact became more evident and gradually increased. The greatest influence was observed from 430 cal a bp onwards, when excessive exploitation of the surrounding area (logging and grazing) severely eutrophicated the lake.
Hepatic arterial infusion oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed and chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion: A propensity score‐matching cohort study
Authors: Chen Shiguang , Yuan Bo , Yu Wenchang , Wang Xiaolong , He Chengjian , Chen Chuanben
Published: July 2022

Background

About 55% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases in China are advanced HCC at the initial diagnosis. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) for HCC with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) compared to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) after propensity score matching (PSM).

Methods

A propensity score‐matched cohort study was performed in patients with advanced HCC with PVTT who underwent either HAIC using oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed or TACE at three institutions between January 2016 and January 2021. Overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events were compared between the groups.

Results

After PSM, 44 pairs of patients were assessed. The HAIC group had longer OS (11.2 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.9–12.5] vs. 9.0 [95% CI: 5.3–12.7] months; p = 0.010), better PFS (5.6 [95% CI: 3.7–7.9] vs. 2.0 [95% CI: 1.3–2.7] months; p = 0.006), and a higher ORR (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [version 1.1]: 56.8% vs. 18.2%; p < 0.001) than the TACE group. In multivariate analysis, HAIC was identified as an independent favorable prognostic factor for survival.

Conclusions

Compared to TACE, HAIC significantly increased the ORR of HCC with portal invasion and prolonged survival without causing a significant increase in severe adverse events.
Retention prediction of monoamine neurotransmitters in gradient liquid chromatography
Authors: Urban Jiří , Nechvátalová Martina , Hekerle Lukáš
Published: July 2022

Retention prediction of monoamine neurotransmitters has been compared for the generally applied linear solvent‐strength model and quadratic polynomial three‐parameter model. The design of experiments protocol has been applied to plan linear gradients within the experimental space with altered gradient time, mobile phase flow rate, and column temperature. Relative prediction errors increased at elevated temperature, which is more significant for the linear solvent‐strength model when compared to the polynomial model. On the other hand, the predefined design of experiments space controls the retention time errors, as predictions for LC conditions that are outside of the plan are much less accurate and should be avoided. The final part of the work deals with the effect of extracolumn band dispersion on the peak capacity of linear gradients at various gradient times, mobile phase flow rates, and column temperature. The peak capacity determined for corrected experimental data were consistent with the published results dealing with the optimization of peak capacity in gradient elution.
Rapid characterization of chemical constituents in Naoling Pian by LC‐MS combined with data processing techniques
Authors: Chen Zhe , Yan Guangli , Yang Yu , Sun Hui , Zhang Aihua , Han Ying , Wang Shugui , Wang Xijun
Published: July 2022

Naoling Pian is a prescription composed of 15 herbs, which is mainly used for the treatment of insomnia in clinical practice. However, the chemical constituents in Naoling Pian are numerous and unclear, which hinders the interpretation of its bioactive constituents and the subsequent research on the material basis for pharmacodynamics. The purpose of this study is to develop a rapid method for identifying the chemical constituents of Naoling Pian using high‐throughput ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight coupled with mass spectrometry combined with a software platform for data processing. The whole composition of Naoling Pian was characterized in positive and negative ion modes. In this experiment, an overall total of 201 constituents were identified by using reference standards, online and self‐built databases matching, fragmentation rules analysis of mass spectrometry peaks with a software platform. Meanwhile, Naoling Pian was analyzed for the first time using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method, the constituents could be identified in a quick and accurate manner, and the results could provide a scientific basis for the follow‐up research on the pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control of Naoling Pian.
Effect of topographic variations and tillage methods on gully erosion in the black soil region: A case‐study from Northeast China
Authors: Tang Jie , Liu Gang , Xie Yun , Wu Yongqiu , Wang Daan , Gao Yan , Meng Lingqin
Published: July 2022

Gully erosion is considered to be a severe land degradation process around the world. The combined effects of tillage methods and topographic variation on gully erosion are poorly understood. This study investigated permanent gullies in three farmland, geomorphic areas in the black soil region of Northeastern China: low mountains and hills, tableland, and rolling hill areas. Cross‐sectional measurements were used to obtain estimates of volumetric soil loss from the gullies. Digital contour maps and remote sensing images were used to obtain the topography and row direction data. The results showed that tableland area had the greatest volumetric soil loss and was the most prone to develop gully erosion, followed by the low mountains and hills, and finally the rolling hill areas. Topography was the dominant control on gully erosion and volumetric soil loss and length density increased first and then decreased as a function of increase of slope gradient. Farmland with slope gradient between 15° and 20° had the most serious gully erosion. Hillslope gullies were classified into three types by morphological indicators. Compared to other geomorphic areas, low mountains and hills had the most gully types and the greatest variability of morphology. Surface areas and volumes were related to gully type. Different tillage methods have affected the frequency of gully occurrence. Cross‐slope tillage areas were more prone to develop gully erosion than contoured tillage and up and down slope tillage areas, especially for farmlands with slope of 5 to 10°. The results suggest that gully erosion could be reduced if up and down slope tillage was used for slope gradients less than 15° and contoured tillage was used for slope gradient greater than 15°. This study demonstrates the combined effect of topographic variations and tillage methods on gully erosion, and highlights the importance of considering different tillage methods under different geographical conditions to control gully erosion.
Acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis: The current state of knowledge
Authors: Walters Zoe A. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Phillips Katie M.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis (AECRS) are distinct from baseline symptomatology related to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this review, we seek to examine the literature on AECRS to synthesize the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and impact of AECRS on CRS patients.

Methods

A comprehensive narrative review of the scientific literature, identified by searching PubMed from inception through April 2022, was performed.

Results

AECRS is defined in consensus guidelines as a worsening of chronic sinus disease symptomatology, with a return to baseline, typically after intervention with systemic antibiotics and/or corticosteroids. The working definition used across the literature, however, is broad and heterogeneous. The pathophysiology of AECRS is incompletely understood but is hypothesized to include an interplay of environmental and patient‐specific factors. AECRS have been found to have a negative impact on quality‐of‐life measures, independent of baseline CRS symptomatology, and impact how patients and physicians view overall disease control. Treatment for AECRS includes oral antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids, although their efficacy for AECRS is unclear. Appropriate use of medical and surgical treatment for CRS can reduce the frequency of AECRS.

Conclusions

AECRS are a distinct entity in CRS patients and should be independently assessed when evaluating patients for CRS control. The efficacy of systemic medication usage for AECRS is currently unclear, but appropriate medical management of baseline CRS can reduce the frequency of AECRS. More research is needed to further understand this phenomenon, including a more precise and prospective definition, defined epidemiology, and how to appropriately treat.

Level of Evidence

5
Predicting larval alewife transport in Lake Michigan using hydrodynamic and Lagrangian particle dispersion models
Authors: Rowe Mark D. , Prendergast Sara E. , Alofs Karen M. , Bunnell David B. , Rutherford Edward S. , Anderson Eric J.
Published: July 2022

Several species of fish in large lakes and marine environments have a pelagic larval stage, and are subject to variable transport that can ultimately regulate survival and recruitment success. Alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, are subject to transport by complex coastal currents during their pelagic larval stage (~ 30 d). We assessed backward‐trajectory simulations, consisting of a Lagrangian particle dispersion model linked to the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model, to estimate likely hatch locations of aged larval alewife collected from locations on both the eastern and western sides of Lake Michigan during July 2015. We used four deployments of three satellite‐tracked drifter buoys in coastal waters to assess model skill in estimating the origin of a drifter from its final location. We found that the trajectories of drifters varied greatly, depending on wind events and associated coastal transport processes, including upwelling/downwelling and coastal jet currents. In 2 of 12 cases, the backward trajectory simulations failed to predict the drifter origin, associated with transport of 170 km in a narrow coastal jet current. In the remaining 10 cases, the known drifter origin was within 3.5 km of the spatial patch of predicted possible origins for a scenario of horizontal diffusivity (188 m2 s−1) consistent with the offshore model grid resolution. Modeled backward trajectories estimated that alewife originated from the same side of the lake where they were collected, within ~ 100 km of the collection site. Our paper demonstrates the utility of hydrodynamic models to estimate a region of origin for aged larval fish.
Dynamically Phototunable and Redox‐Responsive Hybrid Supramolecular Hydrogels for 3D Culture of Chondrocytes
Authors: Yang Weiya , Teng Lijing , Sun Xiaomin , Liu Jia , Huang Yongrui , Zhao Qi , Song Wenjing , Ren Li
Published: July 2022

Despite the promising application of chondrocyte encapsulated within supramolecular hydrogels to create cartilage‐like tissue, matching the degradation of supramolecular hydrogels with the cartilage matrix is challenging. Here, an appropriate phototunable and redox‐responsive hybrid supramolecular hydrogel are reported through the synergic crosslinking strategy, in which the gelatinization is driven by quadruple hydrogen bonding stabilized by thermo‐triggered hydrophobic interactions of branched hyaluronic acid supramolecular polymer and dynamic disulfide bond. The non‐covalently cross‐linked network endows hydrogel scaffold with unique self‐healed and shear‐thinning behavior, while the dynamic covalent network endows hydrogels with phototunable and redox‐responsive performance. The mechanical performance of hybridized supramolecular hydrogel can be modulated by controlling photoinitiators (PI) or thiol bonds (SH) content. Besides, the gene expression, protein secretion and histological staining results show that the chondrocytes encapsulated within the hybrid supramolecular hydrogels can maintain chondrocyte phenotype and facilitate the secretion of the cartilaginous specific matrix. Thus, the developed hybrid supramolecular hydrogels hold great potential in chondrocyte carrier for chondrogenesis.
Creep and Recovery Behavior of Vitrimers with Fast Bond Exchange Rate
Authors: Perego Alessandro , Khabaz Fardin
Published: July 2022

Vitrimers encompass the desirable mechanical properties of thermosets with the recyclability of thermoplastics. This ability arises from the rearrangement of the vitrimer covalent network upon heating via a bond shuffling mechanism while its cross‐link density remains preserved. This unique feature makes vitrimers interesting candidates for the design of materials that combine dimensional stability at high temperatures and solvent resistance with the ability to be reshaped and processed. Despite these advantages, vitrimer exhibits significant creep at operating conditions where thermosets show little or no creep. As the mechanical properties of vitrimers not only depend on their chemical composition but also on the dynamics of the polymer chains, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can provide detailed molecular mechanisms of the system of interest under macroscopic stress‐induced deformations. In this regard, the recently developed MD/Monte Carlo simulation methodology capable of capturing the bond exchange mechanics in vitrimers is used to study the creep and recovery response of a coarse‐grained model thermoset and vitrimer with a fast bond exchange rate. The time‐stress superposition principle is then successfully applied to the creep response. The resulting universal curves enable us to predict the long‐time creep behavior of both systems extending the timescale from 4 to over 10 orders of magnitude.
The Divergent Reactivity of Lactones Derived from Butadiene and Carbon Dioxide in Macromolecular Synthesis
Authors: Eagan James M.
Published: July 2022

The catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide and 1,3‐butadiene into unsaturated lactone monomers provides an efficient route for converting sustainable carbon feedstocks into novel macromolecules. The chemical reactivity of this monomer is reviewed in order to highlight the many viable mechanistic pathways. Polymerization strategies, monomer alterations, and post‐polymerization modifications are covered. The polymerization methods include radical, coordination, conjugate addition, ring‐opening, olefin metathesis, and thiol‐ene chemistries. Materials derived from these processes possess a wide range of function including responsiveness, degradability, adhesion, recyclability, and self‐assembly. These aspects along with the advances in polymer chemistry that make them possible are discussed, along with a perspective on the future directions of the field.
Weyl almost automorphic solutions for a class of Clifford‐valued dynamic equations with delays on time scales
Authors: Li Yongkun , Huang Xiaoli
Published: July 2022

Weyl almost automorphy is a natural generalization of Bochner almost automorphy and Stepanov almost automorphy. However, the space composed of Weyl almost automorphic functions is not a Banach space. Therefore, the results of the existence of  Weyl almost automorphic solutions of differential equations are few, and the results of the existence of  Weyl almost automorphic solutions of difference equations are rare. Since the study of dynamic equations on time scales can unify the study of differential equations and difference equations. Therefore, in this paper, we first propose a concept of  Weyl almost automorphic functions on time scales and then take the Clifford‐valued shunt inhibitory cellular neural networks with time‐varying delays on time scales as an example of dynamic equations on time scales to study the existence and global exponential stability of their Weyl almost automorphic solutions. We also give a numerical example to illustrate the feasibility of our results.
A novel and potent dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor suppresses the proliferation of colorectal cancer by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage
Authors: Yang Xiaowei , Li Chungen , Gou Kun , Liu Xiaocong , Zhou Yue , Zou Jiao , Chen Qiang , Luo Youfu , Zhao Yinglan
Published: July 2022

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a quite attractive target in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the antitumor effects of DHODH inhibitors against colorectal cancer (CRC) and the underlying mechanism have seldom been studied. Here, we explored the anti‐CRC efficacy of M62, a novel and potent DHODH inhibitor. In the study, M62 significantly inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells and induced S phase arrest. The antiproliferative effects caused by M62 were rescued by uridine supplementation. Mechanistically, messenger RNA sequencing results showed that M62‐triggered gene changes related to mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, and DNA damage repair. Further validation showed that M62 treatment induced the generation of reactive oxygen species and decreased ΔΨm and ATP production. Meanwhile, M62 induced the accumulation of γ‐H2AX and longer comet tail moment, which were both markers of DNA damage. The downregulated DNA repair proteins and PI3K/ATK pathway were observed after M62 treatment. Furthermore, M62 significantly inhibited CRC xenograft tumor growth without detectable toxicity. Therefore, we conclude that M62 inhibits CRC growth both in vitro and in vivo by causing mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage, suggesting that DHODH inhibitors are potential therapeutic strategies for treating CRC.
Effect of social support on illness perception in patients with atrial fibrillation during “Blanking Period”: Mediating role of sense of mastery
Authors: Ding Yun‐Mei , Liu Cui‐Ping , Xu Hong‐Xuan , Wang Mao‐Jing , Zhang Jing‐Ya , Gu Jia‐Yun , Cui Yan , Wei Lili , Zhang Yan
Published: July 2022

Aim

To explore whether sense of mastery can mediate the relationship between social support and illness perception in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who were at the “Blanking Period.”

Design

A cross‐sectional design.

Methods

405 patients with AF who were at the “Blanking Period” in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were recruited; they completed a set of questionnaires, including the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Personal Mastery Scale and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire.

Results

Social support and sense of mastery were both adversely connected to illness perception. The indirect effect of social support on illness perception through sense of mastery was negative, accounting for 86.04% of the total effect.

Conclusion

During the “Blanking Period,” better social support and sense of mastery contribute to a positive illness perception of AF patients. Social support also can influence patients' illness perception indirectly via the mediator of sense of mastery.
Nursing students' experience of incivility behaviours and its correlation with their nursing professional values: A cross‐sectional descriptive study
Authors: Naseri Vahid , Pour Mahsa Boozari , Atashzadeh‐Shoorideh Foroozan , Emami Payam
Published: July 2022

Aims

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between experienced incivility behaviours and professional values in the clinical setting and also the factors influencing incivility and professional values.

Design

Cross‐sectional descriptive study.

Methods

Data gathering tools used in the study includes demographic characteristics, incivility behaviour and nursing professional values. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 21.

Results

The findings showed that incivility behaviours had a statistically significant negative correlation with professional values (r = −.150, p = .003), so that the level of incivility behaviours experienced by students was low (1.76 out of 5). This was while the level of professional values was moderate to high among students (3.72 out of 5). Due to the negative and statistically significant correlation between incivility behaviours experienced by students and nursing professional values, it is necessary that the officials of teaching hospitals inform nurses about incivility behaviours. Considering the negative and statistically significant correlation, it can be concluded that the reduction in nurses' incivility behaviours as patterns of the nursing profession causes nursing students to better acquire and internalize nursing professional values in the clinical setting. Nurse educators should also try to communicate with nursing administrators to exchange information about nurses' civil and incivility behaviours perceived by students.
Predictive equations for energy expenditure in adult humans: From resting to free‐living conditions
Authors: Fernández‐Verdejo Rodrigo , Galgani José E.
Published: July 2022

Humans acquire energy from the environment for survival. A central question for nutritional sciences is how much energy is required to sustain cellular work while maintaining an adequate body mass. Because human energy balance is not exempt from thermodynamic principles, the energy requirement can be approached from the energy expenditure. Conceptual and technological advances have allowed understanding of the physiological determinants of energy expenditure. Body mass, sex, and age are the main factors determining energy expenditure. These factors constitute the basis for predictive equations for resting (REE) and total (TEE) energy expenditure in healthy adults. These equations yield predictions that differ up to ~400 kcal/d for REE and ~550 kcal/d for TEE. Identifying additional factors accounting for such variability and the most valid equations appears relevant. This review used novel approaches based on mathematical modeling of REE and analyses of the data from which REE predictive equations were generated. As for TEE, R2 and SE were considered because only a few predictive equations are available. From these analyses, Oxford's and Plucker's equations appear valid for predicting REE and TEE in adults, respectively.
Reaction of Perrhenate with Phthalocyanine Derivatives in the Presence of Reducing Agents and Rhenium Oxide Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ntsimango Songeziwe , Gandidzanwa Sendibitiyosi , Joseph Sinelizwi V. , Hosten Eric C. , Randall Marvin , Edkins Adrienne L. , Khene Samson M. , Mashazi Philani , Nyokong Tebello , Abrahams Abubak'r , Tshentu Zenixole R.
Published: July 2022

A novel alternative route to access rhenium(V)−phthalocyanine complexes through direct metalation of metal‐free phthalocyanines (H2Pcs) with a rhenium(VII) salt in the presence of various two‐electron reducing agents is presented. Direct ion metalation of tetraamino‐ or tetranitrophthalocyanine with perrhenate (ReO4−) in the presence of triphenylphosphine led to oxidative decomposition of the H2Pcs, giving their respective phthalonitriles. Conversely, treatment of H2Pcs with ReO4− employing sodium metabisulfite yielded the desired ReVO−Pc complex. Finally, reaction of H2Pcs with ReO4− and NaBH4 as reducing agent led to the formation of rhenium oxide (RexOy) nanoparticles (NPs). The NP synthesis was optimised, and the RexOy NPs were capped with folic acid (FA) conjugated with tetraaminophthalocyanine (TAPc) to enhance their cancer cell targeting ability. The cytotoxicity profile of the resultant RexOy−TAPc−FA NPs was assessed and found to be greater than 80 % viability in four cell lines, namely, MDA−MB‐231, HCC7, HCC1806 and HEK293T. Non‐cytotoxic concentrations were determined and employed in cancer cell localization studies. The particle size effect on localization of NPs was also investigated using confocal fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The smaller NPs (≈10 nm) were found to exhibit stronger fluorescence properties than the ≈50 nm NPs and exhibited better cell localization ability than the ≈50 nm NPs.
Impact of dedicated pediatric neuro‐oncological services in a developing country: A single‐institution, Pakistani experience
Authors: Hamid Syed Ahmer , Zia Nida , Maqsood Sidra , Rafiq Naila , Fatima Mushkbar , Syed Yumna , Tabori Uri , Bartels Ute , Hawkins Cynthia , Huang Annie , Ramsawami Vijay , Mushtaq Naureen , Bouffet Eric
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Brain tumors are the most common solid neoplasms and the second most common malignancy in the pediatric age group. Due to the complexity of their management, pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors are not a priority in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).

Methods

In an attempt to improve the survival rate and overall care, we introduced a dedicated pediatric neuro‐oncology service in our institute and evaluated its impact by dividing the pre‐ and post‐era into two cohorts and comparing them: 1998–2013 (16 years: cohort A) and 2014–2019 (6 years: cohort B, after the start of dedicated neuro‐oncology services).

Results

We observed that after the implementation of a proper neuro‐oncology service, the proportion of patients treated with curative intent increased, and survival improved in cohort B. The patient volume also increased from 15.5 per year in cohort A to 44.8 per year in cohort B. The percentage of children given radiation therapy also increased significantly, while the proportion of children treated with chemotherapy remained stable.

Conclusion

A dedicated multidisciplinary team trained and knowledgeable in the specialty of pediatric neuro‐oncology can enhance and improve outcomes, and supportive care and help can provide good quality of life to children and their families with brain neoplasms.
A review on performance of near‐surface mounted‐carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer laminates bonded into slits
Authors: Gupta Sristi , Sharma Aanchna , Varma Rajendra K. , Kushvaha Vinod
Published: July 2022

The near‐surface mounted (NSM) technique over the years has become the most popular retrofitting technique for obtaining enhanced strength and durability in reinforced concrete structural elements. It is mostly preferred for its easy application of composites in grooves cut on specimen concrete cover. The specimen surface is prepared with slits where polymer composite laminates are placed along with adhesives as filler to attain good bonding between laminates and the surface. The paper reviews the NSM carbon fiber reinforced polymer technique and its ascendancies over externally bonded composites retrofitting approach. Members strengthened with the NSM technique show enhanced shear strength, flexural capacity, and fatigue resistance. Motivated by the urge of gaining knowledge on various advantages of this emerging method, the paper reviews the load‐carrying capacity, failure modes, durability, and bonding behavior along with the enhancement ascertained in shear, flexure, and fatigue resistance by the NSM technique. In addition to offering guidance on the experimental and computational investigations on the overall behavior of the technique, the present review also intends to encourage further development in the near‐surface mounted carbon fiber polymer strengthening system of retrofit.
Mechanical performance of a novel glass fiber reinforced maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene composite and its thermoplastic‐based fiber metal laminates
Authors: Xing Jianing , Liu Shuai , Gao Shiyi , Qu Shijie , Sang Lin
Published: July 2022

In this article, continuous glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic prepreg is proposed using maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as the matrix resin. The compression molding parameters and plying sequences are optimized. Under the process parameters of 155°C and 15 MPa, both the tensile and flexural properties achieve the maximum values, and the plying sequence of (0°/90°) possess a balanced mechanical performance. Then, MAPP/GF/Al fiber‐metal laminates are further fabricated in two stacking configurations of 2/1 and 3/2. The mechanical results showed that the tensile and bending strength were basically maintained, while the modulus are significantly enhanced by 114.9% and 135.4% in 2/1 and 3/2 fiber metal laminates (FMLs) in contrast with MAPP/GF controls. In addition, the large deflection behavior in bending test for FMLs suggest that MAPP/GF and aluminum alloy show a synergy deformation due to the good bonding between metal layer and thermoplastic resin. The optical microstructure also revealed that the interlaminar adhesion are well joined between FML constituents. The findings in this study are important from a design viewpoint of FMLs because of the lower material cost, less processing time, and good lightweight effect, which potentially be tailored to use as structural parts in automobile applications.
Processing and physico‐mechanical characterization of sponge iron slag filled ramie fiber reinforced epoxy‐based composites
Authors: Mahapatra Sourav Kumar , Satapathy Alok
Published: July 2022

The present research focuses on developing a new class of hybrid composites with woven ramie fiber mats reinforced in epoxy resin filled with different proportions of sponge iron (SI) slag. These multi‐layered composites are fabricated using conventional hand layup method. The cured composite samples are subjected to various physical, mechanical and micro‐structural characterization tests. Properties such as composite density, void content, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact and inter‐laminar shear strength, micro‐hardness, and so forth, are evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. The compositional/micro‐structural features are identified with the help of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), stereo‐microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and so forth. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the shape, size and distribution pattern of the filler particles in the composites. The FTIR study is done to identify the functional groups present in the filler, fiber and in the resulting composite to get an insight to the chemistry of composite formation. Similarly, X‐Ray diffraction curve reveals the presence of hard phases such as silica, magnesioferrite, graphite, hematite, and so forth. This work suggests that successful fabrication of natural fiber composites is possible with additional reinforcement of an industrial waste like sponge iron slag and that most of the mechanical properties improve with increase in the content of SI slag in the composite.
Enhancing surface insulation of epoxy composite by constructing nanofiller‐skeleton charge channel
Authors: Xia Guowei , Duan Qijun , Yin Guohua , Li Jingwei , Wan Zijian , Yan Jiyuan , Xie Qing
Published: July 2022

With the increase of voltage level, the surface flashover of epoxy composite insulation material becomes an important issue, which restricts the development of UHV (Ultra High Voltage) transmission technology. In this article, a method of using SiC skeleton to construct charge channel was proposed, which can enhance the surface insulation performance of epoxy composite. In addition, we investigated the influence of SiC skeleton structure on charge dissipation and flashover voltage. At the same time, we explored the synergistic influence mechanism of SiC and Al2O3 nanofillers and SiC skeleton on the surface flashover characteristics of epoxy resin. The results showed that the SiC skeleton effectively enhances the surface insulation performance of epoxy resin. When Al2O3 nanofiller and SiC skeleton act simultaneously, the flashover voltage enhancement reached 13.65%. Combining with finite element simulation, the flashover voltage enhancement mechanism of epoxy resin after modified by nanofiller‐skeleton method was analyzed. It showed that the internal charge channel formed by the SiC skeleton plays an important role in suppressing the local field distortion. The results of the study provided a new idea for modifying epoxy composite to improve the flashover voltage.
The plant endoplasmic reticulum UPRome: A repository and pathway browser for genes involved in signaling networks linked to the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Herath Venura , Connolly Kaylee , Roach Anna , Ausekar Ashish , Persky Tracy , Verchot Jeanmarie
Published: July 2022

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) houses sensors that respond to environmental stress and underly plants' adaptative responses. These sensors transduce signals that lead to changes in nuclear gene expression. The ER to nuclear signaling pathways are primarily attributed to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and are also integrated with a wide range of development, hormone, immune, and stress signaling pathways. Understanding the role of the UPR in signaling network mechanisms that associate with particular phenotypes is crucially important. While UPR‐associated genes are the subject of ongoing investigations in a few model plant systems, most remain poorly annotated, hindering the identification of candidates across plant species. This open‐source curated database provides a centralized resource of peer reviewed knowledge of ER to nuclear signaling pathways for the plant community. We provide a UPRome interactive viewer for users to navigate through the pathways and to access annotated information. The plant ER UPRome website is located at http://uprome.tamu.edu. We welcome contributions from the researchers studying the ER UPR to incorporate additional genes into the database through the “contact us” page.
Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax in a 15‐year‐old female associated with electronic cigarettes
Authors: Deskins Seth J. , Luketich Samuel K. , Al‐Qatarneh Saif
Published: July 2022

Pneumothorax as a sequela of vaping is a relatively recent complication being described in the literature. Smoking has classically been associated with an increased risk of pneumothorax, and emerging evidence is showing that electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) likely carry some of the same risks. Since e‐cigarettes increased in popularity, especially among the adolescent population, there has been a reported increased incidence of lung injury, including pneumothorax. We present a case of a 15‐year‐old female with a history of e‐cigarette use admitted for recurrent pneumothorax with failure to re‐expand requiring surgical intervention.
Outcomes of COVID‐19 Infections in children: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Gençeli Mustafa , Metin Akcan Özge , Pekcan Sevgi , Akin Fatih , Özdemir Mehmet , Kiliç Ahmet Osman , Yazar Abdullah
Published: July 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, which has had a negative impact worldwide. Our aim was to describe clinical findings and outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐CoV‐2 viral infection and COVID‐19 cared for at a large pediatric tertiary care hospital during the first year of the pandemic. Patients aged 1 month to 18 years who were diagnosed as having COVID‐19 between March 2020 and April 2021 were included. The files of patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Four hundred sixty seven children were included in the study. There were 34 (7.3%) patients under 1 year of age, 111 (23.8%) between 1 and 5 years, 98 (30.4%) between 5 and 10 years, 142 (30.4%) between 11 and 15 years, and 82 (17.6%) age over 15 years. Fever (88.2%), vomiting (32.4%), and diarrhea (29.4%) in patients aged under 1 year, sore throat (36.6%) in patients aged 11−15 years, and dysgeusia (11%), anosmia (14.6%), headache (18.3%), malaise (40.8%), myalgia (28%), and shortness of breath (17.1%) in those aged over 15 years were found to be significantly more common in comparison with the other age groups (p < 0.05). Thirty‐five (7.5%) patients were asymptomatic, 365 (78.1%) had mild disease, 35 (7.5%) were moderate, 27 (5.8%) were severe, and five (1.07%) were critical. Leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ferritin, and C‐reactive protein values were significantly higher in hospitalized patients. Three patients died during the study period (0.64%). While SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may be asymptomatic and COVID‐19 usually has a mild clinical course, some children have severe disease or mortality.
Identification of 2,2‐dinitropropanol, a Hydrolyzed Product of Aged Eutectic Bis(2,2‐dinitropropyl) Acetal – Bis(2,2‐dinitropropyl) Formal Mixture
Authors: Edgar Alexander S. , Wong Camille H. , Chen Kitmin , Langlois David A. , Yang Dali
Published: July 2022

Eutectic bis(2,2‐dinitropropyl) acetal ‐ bis(2,2‐dinitropropyl) formal mixture, nitroplasticizer (herein called NP) has historically been produced by either the ter Meer or oxidative nitration synthesis process, wherein 2,2‐dinitropropanol (DNPOH) is produced as an intermediate step in both processes. Therefore that DNPOH, could be present in NP either as a production or hydrolysis degradation product is worth investigation. Here, we synthesized DNPOH, validated the synthesis using NMR, and identified DNPOH in aged NP using liquid chromatography tandem time of flight – quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF). Using these results, for the first time we positively identify that DNPOH is absent from NP after its production, but is present as a degradation product through hydrolysis from a thermo‐chemical aging profile of NP. To hydrolyze NP, prerequisite is the presence of both water and acid. Despite the presence of water in NP, DNPOH is only generated in the late stage of the aging process, when acid concentration is sufficiently high. It has been previously shown both theoretically and experimentally that a primary step of NP degradation is HONO elimination followed by decomposition, wherein nitric acid, nitrous acid, and water are produced (NP→NP’+2HONO and 2HONO→NO+NO2+H2O). It is shown from this reaction series that water slows HONO decomposition and therefore in small quantities, 100 s of ppm, water actually stabilizes NP against hydrolysis by equilibrium and reducing acidity.
Hepatitis C: diagnosis, treatment and harm‐reduction strategies
Authors: Parsons Graham
Published: July 2022

The introduction of new and effective direct‐acting antivirals has revolutionised the treatment of hepatitis C over the last decade. Part 2 of this two‐part series on the management of hepatitis C provides an overview of these new treatments, as well as discussing hepatitis C diagnosis and harm‐reduction strategies.
Platypnea‐orthodeoxia syndrome in a patient with ongoing COVID‐19
Authors: Asami‐Noyama Maki , Harada Misa , Hisamoto Yukari , Kobayashi Taiga , Oishi Keiji , Edakuni Nobutaka , Hirano Tsunahiko , Kakugawa Tomoyuki , Matsunaga Kazuto
Published: July 2022

Key message

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of the vascular endothelium causes excessive vasodilation. It is important in the rehabilitation of patients with COVID‐19 to recognize that increased blood flow in lung lesions at the base of the lung due to vasodilation may cause V/Q mismatch and result in platypnea‐orthodeoxia syndrome.
Does the use of a uterine manipulator in robotic surgery for early‐stage endometrial cancer affect oncological outcomes?
Authors: Ito Hiroe , Moritake Tetsuya , Isaka Keiichi
Published: July 2022

Background

To investigate the impact of the use of a uterine manipulator in robot‐assisted surgery for early‐stage endometrial cancer on oncological outcome.

Methods

Eighty six robotic surgeries and sixty seven open surgeries were performed for early‐stage endometrial cancer. Disease‐free survival and overall survival at 5 years, and surgical results and postoperative complications were compared between surgeries. In robotic surgery, a uterine manipulator was used in all cases.

Results

There was no significant difference in oncological outcome between surgeries. Robotic surgery showed significantly longer operative time, less blood loss, and shorter hospital stay compared to open surgery. In robotic surgery, complications occurred significantly less frequently, and no patients required conversion to laparotomy. There were no clear correlations of positive lavage cytology with The International Federation of Gynecology nd Obstetrics stage, recurrence, and site of recurrence in either surgery.

Conclusions

The use of a uterine manipulator during robotic surgery for early‐stage endometrial cancer did not influence recurrence or survival.