bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of 3D Heads up ophthalmic surgery from the perspective of surgeons and postgraduate trainees
Authors: Cheng Teck Chee , Yahya Maliha Farah Nurhazirah , Naffi Ainal Adlin Mohd , Othman Othmaliza , Tang Seng Fai , Yong Meng Hsien , Rahim Wan Haslina Wan Abdul , Mustapha Mushawiahti , Hamzah Jemaima Che , Md Norshamsiah , Bastion Mae-Lynn Catherine
Published: August 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Hepatocyte high-mobility group box 1 protects against steatosis and cellular stress during high fat diet feeding
Authors: Lin Minjie , Long Jungke , Li Wenbo , Yang Chenxuan , Loughran Patricia , O’Doherty Robert , Billiar Timothy R. , Deng Meihong , Scott Melanie J.
Published: August 2020

Background: Circulating high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Intracellular HMGB1 is critical for the biology of hepatocytes. However, the intracellular role of HMGB1 in hepatocellular steatosis is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of hepatocyte-specific HMGB1 (HC-HMGB1) in development of hepatic steatosis. Methods: Wild type (WT) C57BL/6 and HC-HMGB1-/- mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) for up to 16 weeks. Results: As expected, HMGB1 translocated from nuclear into cytoplasm and released into circulation after HFD treatment. HC-HMGB1 deficiency significantly reduced circulating HMGB1, suggesting that hepatocyte is a major source of circulating HMGB1 during NAFLD. Unexpectedly, HC-HMGB1 deficiency promoted rapid weight gain with enhanced hepatic fat deposition compared with WT at as early as 4 weeks after HFD treatment. Furthermore, there was no difference between WT and HC-HMGB1-/- mice in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure, liver damage or systemic inflammation. Interestingly, hepatic gene expression related to free fatty acid (FFA) β-oxidation was significantly down-regulated in HC-HMGB1-/- mice compared with WT, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers were significantly higher in livers of HC-HMGB1-/- mice. In vitro experiments using primary mouse hepatocytes showed absence of HMGB1 increased FFA-induced intracellular lipid accumulation, accompanied by increased ER-stress, significant downregulation of FFA β-oxidation, and reduced oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that hepatocyte HMGB1 protects against dysregulated lipid metabolism via maintenance of β-oxidation and prevention of ER stress. This represents a novel mechanism for HMGB1-regulation of hepatocellular steatosis, and suggests that stabilizing HMGB1 in hepatocytes may be effective strategies for prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
The effect of training and supervision on primary health care workers’ competence to deliver maternal depression inclusive health education in Ibadan, Nigeria: a quasi-experimental study.
Authors: Adefolarin Adeyinka Olufolake , Asiki Gershim , Arulogun Oyedunni S , Gureje Oye
Published: August 2020

Background Health workers lacked the competence to address maternal depression in routine the health education in Nigeria. Hence, awareness among maternal-child health clients is low. We assessed the effect of training and/ supervision on knowledge, skills and self-efficacy of primary healthcare workers in delivering health talks and the clients’ knowledge on maternal depression. Methods A quasi-experimental study design was adopted. Five Local Government Area (LGAs) in the Ibadan metropolis were grouped according to geographical proximity and randomly assigned to experimental (Group A=two LGAs) and control (Group B= three LGAs) with 12 primary health centres in each group. All primary health care workers recruited in group A received a one-day training on maternal depression. Good Knowledge Gain (GKG), Good Skill Gain (GSG) and Self-Efficacy (SEG) based on bloom’s cut off were assessed in both groups. After 1 week, the knowledge of all the PHCs’ attendees in the two groups were assessed. A week after, a half of group A’s PHCs received supportive supervision and a clinic based health education skill assessment was conducted. The knowledge of clients and their health seeking were also assessed. Fisher’s exact test, independent t test and Poisson regression were used to analyze differences in percentages and mean/ factors associated with GKG, GSG and SE, using SPSS 25. Results Training improved gains in the experimental versus controls as follows: GKG (84.3% vs. 15.7%), GSG (90.7% vs 9.3%) and SEG (100% vs 0%). Training contributed to the good gain in knowledge (RR=6.03; 95%CI =2.44-16.46; p<0.01); skill (RR=1.88; CI=1.53-2.33; p<0.01).) and self-efficacy (RR=2.74; CI=2.07-2.73; p<0.01). Clients in the experimental group had higher knowledge gain score than in the control (7.10±2.4 versus -0.45±2.37); p<0.01). The rater supervisor observed better motivation in the supervised group than the not supervised. Forty clients sought help in the intervention group while none in the control group. Thirty-five clients sought help in the supervised group while only five did in the not supervised. Conclusions Training followed by supervision improved the competence of health workers to transfer knowledge to clients. This is recommended in the primary healthcare settings to improve uptake of maternal mental health services.
Vitamin D Variants Levels Exposed and Association With the Disease Severity in Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Al-Thagfan Sultan S , Ahmed Sameh , Emara Magdy M , Awadallah Mohamed Fawzi
Published: August 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Evaluation of Effects of Positive Birth Experience on the Perception of Birth of Primiparous Women
Authors: öztürk duygu murat , Aydoğdu Saadet Gonca Mavi , Çakır Esma , Güler Burcu
Published: August 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to erroneous posting.
FDA-approved Pralatrexate identified by virtual drug screening inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro
Authors: Zhang Haiping , Yang Yang , Li Junxin , Wang Min , Saravanan Konda Mani , Wei Jinli , Ng Justin Tze-Yang , Hossain Md. Tofazzal , Liu Maoxuan , Zhang Huiling , Ren Xiaohu , Pan Yi , Peng Yin , Shi Yi , Wan Xiaochun , Liu Yingxia , Wei Yanjie
Published: August 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic poses serious threats to the global public health and leads to an unprecedented worldwide crisis. Unfortunately, no effective drugs or vaccines are available till now. Since the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 is a promising therapeutic target, a deep learning and molecular simulation based hybrid drug screening procedure was proposed and applied to identify potential drug candidates targeting RdRp from 1906 approved drugs. Among the four selected FDA-approved drug candidates, Pralatrexate and Azithromycin were confirmed to effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro with EC50 values of 0.008µM and 9.453 µM, respectively. For the first time, our study discovered that Pralatrexate is able to potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication with a stronger inhibitory activity than Remdesivir within the same experimental conditions. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of accurate virtual drug screening for inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 and provides potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19.
Alteration of Drp1 Expression in Drosophila Models of Parkinson Disease
Authors: Hasan Azra , Staveley Brian Ernest
Published: August 2020

Background: Parkinson Disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases have a significant relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction. The substantial effect of mitochondrial dynamics in PD has led us to study the role of the gene encoding the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 in Drosophila models. Drp1 is a member of the highly conserved, dynamin family of protein encoding genes. Drp1 plays an essential role in the maintenance of the mitochondrial, peroxisomal, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dynamics, and has been found to regulate processes during homeostasis and cell survival.Results: The directed expression of Drp1 in Drosophila melanogaster neurons under the control of the Ddc-Gal4 transgene decreases the lifespan and compromises climbing ability over time. The directed inhibition of Drp1 produces a novel model of Parkinson Disease, as this causes little change in mean lifespan but a significant decrease in locomotor or climbing abilities. Interestingly, the loss of park dependent Drosophila model of PD is rescued by the directed inhibition of Drp1.Conclusion: The compromised climbing abilities in flies with directed inhibition of Drp1 has produced a new model for Parkinson Disease and can be used to further investigate the mechanism(s) underlying PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, the combined inhibition of both Drp1 and park suppresses Parkinson Disease phenotypes and promotes survival.
Dissecting the Roles of Kalirin-7/PSD-95/GluN2B Interactions in Different Forms of Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Yeh Mason L. , Yasko Jessica R , Levine Eric S. , Eipper Betty A. , Mains Richard
Published: August 2020

Background: Kalirin-7 (Kal7) is a multidomain scaffold and guanine nucleotide exchange factor localized to the postsynaptic density, where Kal7 is crucial for synaptic plasticity. Kal7 knockout mice exhibit marked suppression of long-term potentiation and long-term depression in hippocampus, cerebral cortex and spinal cord, with depressed surface expression of GluN2B receptor subunits and dramatically blunted perception of pain. Kal7 knockout animals show exaggerated locomotor responses to psychostimulants and self-administer cocaine more enthusiastically than wildtype mice. Results: To address the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms which are deranged by loss of Kal7, we infused candidate intracellular interfering peptides to acutely challenge the synaptic function(s) of Kal7 with potential protein binding partners, to determine if plasticity deficits in Kal7-/- mice are the product of developmental processes since conception, or could be produced on a much shorter time scale. We demonstrated that these small intracellular peptides disrupted normal long-term potentiation and long-term depression, strongly suggesting that maintenance of established interactions of Kal7 with PSD-95 and/or GluN2B is crucial to synaptic plasticity. Conclusions: Blockade of the Kal7-GluN2B interaction was most effective at blocking long-term potentiation, but had no effect on long-term depression. Biochemical approaches indicated that Kal7 interacted with PSD-95 at multiple sites within Kal7.
The impact of cognitive dysfunction on mid- and long-term mortality after vascular surgery
Authors: Szabo Andras , Czobor Nikoletta , Nagy Adam , Toth Krisztina , Eke Csaba , Domokos Dominika , Sandor Agnes , Merkely Bela , Gal Janos , Szekely Andrea
Published: August 2020

Background: In the last decades prior studies noted the importance of frailty which is a frequently used term in perioperative risk evaluation. We investigated frailty syndrome as the psychological and socioeconomic elements of the human being. The aim of this study was assessing the importance of these factors for mortality after vascular surgery.Methods: In our prospective, observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02224222) we examined 164 patients who underwent an elective vascular surgery between 2014 and 2017. At the point of admission they filled out a questionnaire, in this way the patients’ cognitive functions, depression and anxiety, social support and self-reported life quality were mapped. We used Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier method for relative risk calculation and survival analyses. Propensity score matching was performed to analyze the difference between patient and control, nation-wide population cohort. Effects of psychosocial factors on long term mortality were defined as primary outcome. Results: The patients mean age were 67.05 years (SD: 9.49 years). One out of four patients had some kind of cognitive impairment measured by Mini Mental State Examination with modified, more sensitive cut-off values. In univariate Cox regression higher MMSE score was associated decreased risk for all-cause mortality (OR: 0.883, 95% CI: 0.802-0.973, p=0.012). After clusters were created according to MMSE score relative risks were calculated. Even mild cognitive dysfunction could increase risk for long term mortality (AHR: 1.634, 95% CI: 1.118-2.368, p=0.009).Conclusion: Even mild cognitive dysfunction measured by the MMSE preoperatively could be an important risk factor for mortality after vascular surgery.
How bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus, Coleoptera, Bruchinae) larvae die on legume seeds
Authors: Szentesi Árpád
Published: August 2020

Background The host specificity of the dry bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchinae), a seed predator of beans, is not properly known. Occasional use of leguminous seeds other than beans is reported, however the sphere of possible wild and cultivated hosts is uncertain. Female oviposition preference and larval performance relationship is complicated by the respective importance of seed coat and cotyledon, because paradoxically, females must exercise oviposition preference on the basis of stimuli provided by the seed coat alone, without directly being able to assess the quality of cotyledon’s suitability for larval development.Results Host specificity and host range investigations carried out on seeds of 62 grown and naturally occurring legume species and 82 cultivars of Phaseolus, Pisum, Glycine, Lens and others in Hungary, using no-choice tests for egg-laying, and intact or pierced seed coat for larval development in seeds, showed that there were 18 plant species (35% of them Lathyrus) that supported larval development to adults, however, only nine species (4 of 17 Glycine max accessions, Vigna unguiculata, V. angularis, Phaseolus vulgaris, Ph. coccineus, Cicer arietinum, Vicia faba, Lathyrus sativus and 13 of 27 Pisum sativum accessions) allowed it if the seed coat was intact. Furthermore, there was no overall positive correlation between oviposition preference and larval performance, with the exception for the so-called acceptable non-hosts (Kendall’s τ = 0.3088). Bean weevil females also demonstrated an ovipositional hierarchy of legume species even in no-choice tests.Conclusions Host range expansion is not probable with the bean weevil, primarily because it would require the recognition of basically different oviposition substrates (pods) among outdoor conditions.
Population, Morphology and Ultrastructures Gonads Adaptation Changed Between Unsuitable and Original Breeding Habitats in Oncomelania hupensis
Authors: Miao Feng , Wu Zhongdao , Zeng Xin , Wu Jinlang , Liu Xin , Zhang Chongxing
Published: August 2020

Background: Weishan Lake and its surrounding areas represent an important water conduit and storage reservoirs for the Eastern Route due to the South to North Water Diversion Project. It was listed as a potential endemic area for schistosomiasis by the Ministry of Health Schistosomiasis Advisory Committee. Oncomelania hupensis is the unique intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in China. To determine whether Oncomelania hupensis could establish colonies in Weishan Lake once introduced from original habitat, in May 2004, 2000 adult Oncomelania hupensis were transplanted from the original habitat to isolated snail cages in Weishan Lake. Results: From October 2005 to October 2016, Oncomelania hupensis were bred in isolated snail cages in Weishan Lake, and samples of the original habitats were collected. The population was monitored, and the morphology of Oncomelania hupensis was measured. Gonads were sectioned and observed under transmission electron microscopy. Oncomelania hupensis could still continually reproduce its population 12 years after transplantation to Weishan Lake. Comparing the morphology with that of animals from the original habitat, it was found that the snail shell length, shell width and aperture width decreased in 2005, and significant changes were observed in the ultrastructure of sperms (axoneme and the 9+2 the axoneme coarse fibers were absent, and chromatin density decreased in the head of the sperm cells) and oocytes (nucleus swelling, endoplasmic reticulum, pale vesicles and lipidosomes decreased and chromatin was absent) of snails breeding in Weishan Lake.Conclusions: Although abnormal development of the ultrastructure of Oncomelania hupensis reproductive gonad was observed, they still survived for 12 years, which might reflect a survival strategy in which the snail trades a degree of fecundity to survive though harsh winters.
HIV Testing among Homeless Adults: Prioritizing the Need for Routine Care
Authors: Pichon Latrice C , Rossi Kristen Rae , Chapple-McGruder Theresa D , Krull Lisa Jane , Kmet Jennifer , Nellum April L.
Published: August 2020

Background. The Memphis metropolitan statistical area (MSA) represents a Deep Southern U.S. city disproportionally affected by the ongoing transmission of new HIV cases as well as those diagnosed in late-stage disease. This region is a subset of 9 states, including Memphis, Tennessee (project site), driving the epidemic in the United States. Memphis ranks 3rd among all U.S. MSAs for new HIV infections and has been identified in the CDC’s Ending the HIV Epidemic Initiative as a high HIV burden geographic focus area. The Memphis Ryan White Part A Program conducted a pilot project among adults seeking services in Memphis emergency and transitional housing shelters to offer on-site, rapid HIV testing. This paper aims to describe the results from this aforementioned pilot study, including the rate of HIV test acceptance and potential factors associated with a history of HIV testing. Methods. Community-engaged research approaches were employed via a partnership between the local health department, a federally qualified faith-based health center, and an academic university. An interviewer-administered survey to measure potential factors associated with HIV testing history and voluntary HIV testing services were offered to adults living in transitional housing establishments. Bivariate chi-square analyses were performed to determine the association between predisposing, enabling, and need variables with HIV testing history in the past 12 months. Results. Survey respondents (n=109) were mostly cisgender male (n=96; 88.1%), African American or Black (n=79; 72.5%) and reported engaging in condomless sex (n=55; 50.5%). Acceptability and uptake of HIV testing was high (n=97; 89.0%). Conclusions. Implementing rapid HIV testing programs outside of traditional healthcare settings offers a strategy to engage high-risk individuals and those unaware of their HIV status. To our knowledge, this study represents the first that documents HIV testing acceptance rates offered outside of traditional healthcare settings for homeless and transitionally housed adults in a Deep Southern state.
CT 3-Dimentional Airway Reconstruction-guided Intraluminal Placement of Endobronchial Blocker in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Xu Yingyi , Zhang Na , Tan Yonghong , Zeng Minting , Hou Jianning , Liu Wei
Published: August 2020

Background: The one-lung ventilation (OLV) with endobronchial blocking is commonly used in anesthesia for pediatric thoracic surgery. Bronchoscopy is commonly used to guide the endobronchial blocker placement. However, when bronchoscopy is not applicable, the proper placement of endobronchial blocker is challenging. The computed tomography (CT) 3-dimentional reconstruction may be used to accurately measure the airway of pediatric patients. The present study was aimed to propose a new approach of CT 3-dimentional airway reconstruction-guided endobronchial blocker placement in pediatric patients and to determine its efficiency in clinical application.Methods: A total of 127 pediatric patients of 0.5-3 years old who would undergo elective thoracic surgery under OLV were randomized into the bronchoscopy group and the CT group. The degree of lung collapse, postoperative airway mucosal injury, pulmonary infection within 72 h after surgery, trachyphonia after tracheal extubation, durations of postoperative mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and hospitalization, the successful rate of the first blocker positioning, and the required time and repositionings for successful blocker placement were compared between the two groups.Results: The degree of lung collapse, postoperative airway mucosal injury, pulmonary infection within 72 h after surgery, trachyphonia after tracheal extubation, durations of postoperative mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, and hospitalization were similar between the two groups (all P > 0.05).Conclusions: For pediatric patients who would undergo surgery with OLV, preoperative CT 3-dimentional airway reconstruction could be used to guide endobronchial blocker placement, with a blocking efficiency similar to that of bronchoscopy-guided blocker placement.The trial was registered prior to patient enrollment at China Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=4344, Principal investigator: Yingyi Xu, Registration number: ChiCTR-TRC-14005232, Date of registration: 12 August 2014).
The relationship between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) with quality of life and inflammatory markers among overweight and obese Iranian women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghodoosi Nasim , Arghavani Hana , Mirzababaei Atieh , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Keshavarz Seyed Ali , Imani Hossein , Shiraseb Farideh , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: August 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate associations between Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (EDII) with quality of life and serum inflammatory markers.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 36.30±8.05 years. Analyses were performed using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age, weight, physical activity, smoking status, economic status, and employment status. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that E-DII were significantly associated with certain the quality of life criteria, such as physical function, mental health, and vitality (β = 5.58, 95% CI 0.72, 10.43, p = 0.024, β = 16.88, 95% CI 10.75, 23, p < 0.0001 and β = 14.29, 95% CI 9.48, 20.36, p < 0.0001, respectively). No significant associations were observed between EDII and serum level hs-CRP. It was found that dietary inflammatory potential decreased some quality of life measurements and levels in overweight and obese Iranian women.
Association between iron deficiency and provoked febrile seizure in a middle income country: A case control study in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Ehsanipour Fahimeh , Noorbakhsh Samileh , Tavasooli Azita , Tahernia Leila
Published: August 2020

Objective: Febrile convulsion (FC) is the most common form of seizures disorder (3-4%) in childhood with good prognosis. Some evidences indicate that iron deficiency (ID) might play a role in initiation of FC. The aim of this case‐control study was to evaluate, the role for ID in pathogenesis of FC (febrile convulsion). We studied 35 FC children and 35 controls (febrile diseases without convulsion) Results The mean age of cases were 2.191 ± 0946 vs 1.93 ± 1.433 years in controls .Mean Hemoglobin level (11.6 ± 079 vs 11.86± 071; p value= 0.2); MCV (75.8 ± 4.3 vs 77.62± 4.1,p value= 0.08) ;serum ferritin levels (54.57 ± 24 vs 58.31± 23, p value= 0.64) had not significant difference between 2 groups. The ferritin level 36ng/ml; had 74.3% sensitivity, 20% specifity, 56% PPV, 52% NPV, Positive likelihood Ratio: 1.3; Negative likelihood Ratio: 0.93 to discriminate 2 groups. In our opinion, ID could not lead to FC in all children, but in some cases with genetic basis; ID raises the threshold for seizures. Due to high prevalence of ID (26%) especially in your Iranian population, adding the Iron to diet might be helpful in decreasing FC in susceptible cases.
Gaps and opportunities for cervical cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care: evidence from midterm review of the Zimbabwe Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control strategy (2016-2020).
Authors: Tapera Oscar , Nyakabau Anna M , Simango Ndabaningi , Guzha Bothwell T , Jombo-Nyakuwa Shamiso , Takawira Eunice , Mapanga Angeline , Makosa Davidzoyashe , Madzima Bernard
Published: August 2020

Background Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer amongst women globally and it accounts for many cancer deaths among females in Zimbabwe. The objective of this midterm review was to measure the progress of cervical cancer prevention and control interventions in Zimbabwe. Methods A mixed methods approach was used for the midterm review. Secondary data was collected from programme documents, published and grey literature. Primary data was collected in six provinces, including Harare Metropolitan. Key informant interviews were conducted with officials from relevant departments in the Ministry of Health and Child Care (MoHCC) and partners working in cervical cancer spaces. Two focus group discussions with beneficiaries were facilitated in Manicaland and Matabeleland South Provinces. After data analysis, a draft report was presented to a technical working group to validate the findings and to fill in any gaps. Results The cervical cancer strategy led to the raising of awareness especially around cervical cancer screening and this created demand for services. Coverage of HPV vaccination achieved by 2019 was 86% against a target of 80%. Every district in Zimbabwe had a screening site with a total of 106 clinics across the whole country. Almost two thirds (66%) of women with precancerous lesions received treatment in 2018 against a target of 80%. Tertiary hospitals are offering surgery to eligible women with cervical cancer and there are ongoing efforts towards establishing two centres of excellence in the country. There are opportunities for collaborative, coordinated comprehensive cervical cancer care and research at institutions (public and academic) that can be strengthened and better coordinated by MoHCC. Successes scored in fundraising for ZCCPCS strategy thematic areas including awareness, cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination set the pace for comprehensive inclusion of diagnosis, treatment and palliative care. Conclusions This midterm review revealed a myriad of gaps of the strategy particularly in diagnosis, treatment and care of cervical cancer and the primary focus was on secondary prevention. Lessons learnt reveals that development and implementation of the next strategy will require increased stakeholder collaboration between government, private sector, academia and non-governmental organizations for more sustainable cervical cancer interventions.
Neonatal Mice Spinal Cord Interneurons Sending Axons in Dorsal Roots
Authors: Osuna-Carrasco Laura Paulina , Duenas-Jimenez Sergio Horacio , Toro-Castillo Carmen , Torre Braniff De la , Aguilar-Garcia Irene , Alpirez Jonatan , Castillo Luis , Jimenez Judith Marcela Duenas
Published: August 2020

Background: Spinal cord interneurons send their axons in the dorsal root. Their antidromic fire could modulate peripheral receptors. Thus, it could control pain, other sensorial modality, or muscle spindle activity. In this study, we assessed a staining technique to analyze whether interneurons send axons in the neonate mouse’s dorsal roots. We conducted experiments in 10 Swiss-Webster mice, which ranged in age from 2 to 13 postnatal days. We dissected the spinal cord and studied it in vitro. Results: We observed interneurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn sending axons through dorsal roots. A mix of fluorochromes applied in dorsal roots marked these interneurons. They have a different morphology than motoneurons. Primary afferent depolarization in afferent terminals produces antidromic action potentials (dorsal root reflex; DRR). These reflexes appeared by stimulation of adjacent dorsal roots. We found that in the presence of bicuculline, DRR recorded in the L4 dorsal root evoked by L5 dorsal root stimulation was reduced. Simultaneously, the monosynaptic reflex (MR) in the L5 ventral root was not affected; nevertheless, a long-lasting after discharge appeared. The addition of 2-amino-5 phosphonovalric acid (AP5), an antagonist of NMDA receptors, abolished the MR without changing the after discharge. Action potentials persisted in dorsal roots even in low Ca2+ concentration. Conclusions: Thus, firing interneurons could send their axons by dorsal roots. Antidromic potentials may be characteristics of the neonatal mouse, probably disappearing in adulthood.
ROR1 sustains multivesicular endosomes by interacting with HRS and STAM1
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomoya , Yamamoto Masatoshi , Yamazaki Masaya , Tani Naoki , Sakamoto Mai , Daikuzono Hina , Li Hao , Oneyama Chitose , Fujimoto Toyoshi , Takahashi Takashi
Published: August 2020

The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) regulates caveolae formation and caveolae-dependent endocytosis by interacting with caveolae components, which in turn sustains pro-survival signaling toward AKT from multiple RTKs, including EGFR, and MET. We report here a novel function of ROR1 as a scaffold for HRS and STAM1, two essential components of ESCRT-0. The present results show that ROR1 facilitates interactions of HRS and STAM1, thereby preventing the lysosomal degradation of HRS. Furthermore, interaction of ROR1 with STAM1 was found to be required to sustain binding of ROR1 to HRS as well as HRS subcellular localization. Additionally, ROR1 localized in both the limiting membrane and intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of Rab5-induced multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) containing HRS, CD63, and EEA1 was found to regulate the formation of Rab5-induced MVEs by an association with the GTP-bound form of Rab5 in cancer cells. Notably, ROR1 depletion inhibits CD63-positive MVEs formation and reduces exosomes release. Our findings provide the first evidence that the onco-embryonic antigen receptor ROR1 regulates exosome biogenesis via MVE formation in cancer cells.
Single cell RNA sequencing of infantile hemangioma reveals cellular heterogeneity
Authors: Yu Zhang , Chen Xuanfeng , Cai Ren , Chen Qianyi , Chang Lei , Qiu Yajing , Chen Zongan , Ying Hanru , Hua Cheng , Gao Wei , Chen Hui , Jin Yunbo , Ma Gang , Pan Weijun , Lin Xiaoxi
Published: August 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Assessment of the Glomerular Filtration Rate in Living and Cadaver Donor Recipients Within 12 Months of Kidney Transplant
Authors: Saffari Hossein , Tavakoli Hamid , Soleimani Mohammad Javad
Published: August 2020

Background: Among patients with urologic disease, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have the highest mortality rate. The choice of treatment for patients with ESRD is transplantation. The primary objective of this study was to assess the trend of renal function test in cadaver and living donor groups within a year after the surgery. Method: We included ESRD patients who were admitted to our hospital’s clinic from 2001 to 2014. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was the outcome of interest. Results: A total of 381 individuals were included in this study, of whom 246 (64.6%) were males. the mean age was 40.8 years (SD=13.2). In this study, 291 (76.4%) patients received a transplant from a live donor. In the cadaver group, the GFR decreased by 3.8 mL/min (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-5.0) per six months, while in the living donor group, it decreased by 1.4 mL/min (95% CI, 0.3–2.5). These trends were not significantly different. The GFR of the living donor group was 0.4 mL/min (95% CI, -1.6-2.3, p=0.72) higher than that of the cadaver donor group per six months, which was not significantly different. The rejection rate was lower in the live donor group (odds ratio=0.54 [95% CI, -0.39-0.74], p<0.001). The rejection rate decreased over the study period by 71% every six months, and this decrease did not significantly differ between the study groups. Conclusions: Although the total GFR in the live donor group was higher, given the higher GFR at the time of surgery in the live donor group, the decrease rate in GFR seemed identical in the study groups.
The impact of human and livestock respiration on CO2 emissions from 14 global cities
Authors: Cai Qixiang , Zeng Ning , Zhao Fang , Han Pengfei , Liu Di , Lin Xiaohui , Chen Jingwen
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe CO2 released by humans and livestock through digestion and decomposition is an important part of the urban carbon cycle. But this part is reraly condidarded in the stuties of city carbon budget since its annual magnitude is lower than that of fossil fuel emissions within the boundaries of cities. However, human and livestock respiration may be substantial compared to fossil fuel emissions in areas with high population density such as Manhattan or Beijing. High-resolution datasets of CO2 release from respiration also have rarely been reported on a global scale or in cities globally. Here, we estimate the CO2 released by human and livestock respiration at global and large city scales and then compare it with the carbon emissions inventory from fossil fuels in 14 cities worldwide.ResultsThe results show that the total human and livestock respiration is up to 38.1% of fossil fuel emissions for Delhi among the studied cities. The proportion could be larger than 10% in cities of Sao Paulo, Cape Town and Tokyo. In other cities, it is raletivily small with a proportion around 5%, while Washington DC has the least proportion in 2.8%. In addition, almost 90% of respiratory carbon comes from urban areas in most cities, while up to one-third comes from suburban areas in Beijing on account of the siginificant livestock production.ConclusionThe results suggest that the respiration of humans and livestock represents a significant CO2 source in some cities and is nonnegligible for city carbon budget analysis and carbon monitoring.
Measuring cost and affordability of current vs. healthy diets in Argentina: an adaptation of the INFORMAS protocol.
Authors: Giacobone Gabriel , Tiscornia Maria Victoria , Guarnieri Leila , Castronuovo Luciana , Mackay Sally , Allemandi Lorena
Published: August 2020

Background Food cost and affordability is one of the main barriers to improve the nutritional quality of diets of the population. However, in Argentina, where over 60% of adults and 40% of children and adolescents are overweight or obese, little is known about the difference in cost and affordability of healthier diets compared to ordinary, less healthy ones. Methods We implemented an adaptation of the "optimal approach" proposed by the International Network for Food and Obesity/non-communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS). We modelled the current diet and two types of healthy diets, one equal in energy with the current diet and one 6.3% lower in energy. Cost estimations were performed by collecting food product prices and running a Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations) to obtain a range of costs for each model diet. Affordability was measured as the percentage contribution of diet cost vs. average household income in average, poor and extremely poor households and by income deciles. Results On average, households must spend 32% more money on food to ensure equal energy intake from a healthy diet than from a current model diet. When the energy intake target was reduced by 6.3%, the difference in cost was 22%. There are no reasonably likely situations in which any of these healthy diets could cost less or the same than the current unhealthier one. Over 50% of households would be unable to afford the modelled healthy diets, while 40% could not afford the current diet.Conclusions Differential cost and affordability of healthy vs. unhealthy diets are germane to the design of effective public policies to reduce obesity and NCDs in Argentina. It is necessary to implement urgent measures to transform the obesogenic environment, making healthier products more affordable, available and desirable, and discouraging consumption of nutrient-poor, energy-rich foods.
Oral Cancer patient’s profile and time to treatment initiation in the specialized cancer health care delivery in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Authors: Conceição Manoela Garcia Dias , Luiza Vera Lucia , Figueiró Ana Claudia , Emmerick Isabel Cristina Martins
Published: August 2020

Introduction: This paper aims to describe the profile of oral cancer (OC) patients, their risk classification and identify the time between screening and treatment initiation in Rio de Janeiro Municipality.Method: Data were obtained from the healthcare Regulation System (SISREG) regarding the period January 2013 to September 2015. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed identifying the factors associates with a diagnosis of OC as well as the time to treatment initiation (TTI) differences between groups.Results: From 3,862 individuals with a potential OC lesion, 6.9% had OC diagnosis. OC patients were 62.3 y.o. (mean), 64.7% male%, 36.1% were white and 62.5% of the records received a red/yellow estimated risk classification. Being older, male, white and receiving a high-risk classification was associated with having an OC diagnosis. OC TTI was in average 59.1 days and median of 50 days significantly higher than non-OC individuals (p=0.007). TTI was higher for individuals older than 60 years old, male, and white individuals and for risk classification red and yellow, nevertheless while in average none of these differences were statistically significant, the median of individuals classified as low risk was significantly (p=0.044) lower than those with high risk.Conclusions: Time to treatment initiation (TTI) was higher for OC patients related to non OC. Despite OC confirmed was associated with risk at screening classified as urgent or emergent, a high percentage of OC patients had their risk classified for elective care when specialized care was requested.
Gut microbiota and metabolites of α-synuclein transgenic monkey models with early stage of Parkinson'sdisease
Authors: si wei , yan yaping , ren shuchao , duan yanchao , lu chenyu , wang zhengbo , Inglis Briauna , ji Weizhi , zheng yun
Published: August 2020

Background: Parkinson's disease（PD）is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Gut microbes are susceptible to various external factors (such as living environment, diet, antibiotic use), our research avoids these interferences very well. Gut microbiota affect the physiological processes of the host by regulating metabolites. However, it is unclear whether microbiota and metabolites have demonstrated changes at early stages of PD due to the difficulty to diagnose and identify early stage PD in clinical practice.Methods: In a previous study, we constructed A53T transgenic monkeys with early Parkinson's symptoms. Here we analyzed the gut microbiota by metagenomic sequencing and metabolites by untargeted chromatography, which represent the first effort to identify the association between intestinal microbiota, metabolites and early stage of PD.Results: Compared with control monkeys, the gut microbiota of A53T monkeys is more diverse. Sybergistetes and Eggerthella lenta were significantly elevated in A53T monkeys. In monkeys with early Parkinson's symptoms, Glyceric acid, L-Aspartic acid and p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid were significantly elevated, but Myristic acid and 3-Methylindole was significantly decreased. ABC transporters are associated with two decreased metabolites. Metabolic pathways are associated with three elevated metabolites. We found KO0131 and KO2147 from metabolic pathways are related to Glycolysis.Conclusion: We identified differential gut microbiota coincides with the microbiota of the currently reported PD patients to some extent. We found these differential metabolites and KOs suggest that A53T monkeys may have Glycolysis problem, and Glycolysis problem may be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results may be a sign of early Parkinson's screening and diagnosis.
An Early Screening Tool for Discharge Planning Shortened Length of Hospital Stay for Elderly Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Chen Hao , Hara Yu , Horita Nobuyuki , Saigusa Yusuke , Kaneko Takeshi
Published: August 2020

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common diseases in elderly persons and usually results in a prolonged hospital stay. Discharge planning plays an important role in reducing the length of hospitalization. This study was designed to determine whether early screening for risk factors for delayed discharge could improve the quality of discharge planning.Methods: This retrospective, observational study was conducted in two medical facilities from January 2016 to December 2018. Hospital A used a screening tool on admission (screening group): screening for risk factors for delayed discharge and initiating discharge planning immediately for those for whom it was applicable, and discharge planning in the stable phase for those for whom it was not applicable; and Hospital B initiated discharge planning without screening (usual group). Propensity score-matched pneumonia patients in the two groups were then compared. The primary outcome was length of hospital stay.Results: A total of 648 patients were enrolled in this study. After adjusting for age, sex, aspiration, comorbidity, pneumonia severity index, and key person, 118 pairs underwent analysis. Length of stay was significantly different (20 days vs 13 days, p<0.001) between the groups. There were no differences in duration of antibiotic treatment, in-hospital mortality, and 30-day readmission (9 days vs 9 days, p=0.744; 10 (8.5%) vs 10 (8.5%), p=1.000; 10 (8.5%) vs 9 (7.6%), p=0.811, respectively).Conclusions: Early screening for delayed discharge improved the quality of discharge planning by reducing the length of stay in pneumonia patients.
Depression mediates the effect of character strengths on subjective wellbeing of the elderly
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Ping , Torres Joseph , Huang Hong Li , Yang Guo Jian , Wang Lu , Qu Xi
Published: August 2020

Background: With evidence of a rapidly aging population globally, there is need to continuously address the wellbeing of this vulnerable age group. The concern of the subjective wellbeing of the elderly is essential for constructing a healthy and positive aging society. To promote the elderly’s subjective wellbeing, the role of character strengths and depression on subjective wellbeing for older adults needs to be explored. Methods: A large sample of 8839 elders from the 2017-2018 survey of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were included. The Chinese version of the character strengths scale, the 10-item CES-D scale (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale) were applied to assess the elderly‘s character strengths and depression respectively. Self-reported quality of life (SelfQoL) and health (Selfhealth) were used to evaluate the subjective wellbeing in participants. IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 and AMOS version 23.0 were adopted to analyze the data.Results: The average age of participants was 81.27 years. Among these elderly participants, a greater character strengths levels were more evidenced and pronounced among those with a younger age, longer years of education, higher household income, greater social security and social insurance, less depression, higher SelfQoL and Selfhealth levels. Depression had a partial mediation effect of character strengths on self-reported subjective wellbeing, which explained a 36% in total variance (R2=0.36). In addition, character strengths had a statistically significant positive and direct effect on subjective wellbeing (β= 0.290, P<0.001). Furthermore, the indirect effect of character strengths to subjective wellbeing was: β=(-0.603)*(-0.378)=0.228. Conclusion: Depression is an unignored mediator that regulates the effect of character strengths on subjective wellbeing in the elderly. Character strengths and depression may be the new intervention targets to promote and enhance the elderly's subjective wellbeing. Future tailored intervention should focus on relieving the elderly's depression and promoting the development of their character strengths.
Association of Higher Arterial Ketone Body Ratio (acetoacetate/β -hydroxybutyrate) with Relevant Nutritional Marker in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Inaba Masaaki , Kumeda Yasuroh , Yamada Shinsuke , Toi Norikazu , Hamai Chie , Noguchi Koichi , Yasuda Eikichi , Furumitsu Yutaka , Emoto Masanori , Ohno Yoshiteru
Published: August 2020

Background: An association of higher levels of b-hydroxybutyrate (b-HB) in serum with greater mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients has been reported. This study examined the significance of arterial ketone body ratio (AcAc/b-HB), a relevant marker of energy state, in HD patients.Methods: The levels of arterial AcAc and b-HB, and AcAc/b-HB ratio were determined in 49 HD patients just before undergoing an HD session. Additionally, their changes during the session were examined to investigate their associations with clinical nutritional markers.Results: Arterial b-HB, but not AcAc, was significantly higher at the baseline in 25 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) as compared to 24 non-DM patients, with a significant reduction in arterial AcAc/b-HB ratio seen in those with DM. Although the arterial AcAc/b-HB ratio before the HD session was significantly higher in the non-DM group, it did not differ significantly after the session between the groups, indicating a faster rate of b-HB disappearance from circulation in non-DM HD patients during the interdialytic period. Multiple regression analysis, which included age, gender, presence/absence of DM, log HD duration, log b-HB, and log AcAc/b-HB ratio as independent variables, revealed an independent and significant association of log AcAc/ b-HB ratio, but not log b-HB, with serum albumin and uric acid. Conclusion: We found that a decreased AcAc/b-HB ratio resulting from increased b-HB, but not increased b-HB itself, was significant factor independently associated with decreased serum albumin and uric acid, which are both known as risks for higher mortality in HD patients. Furthermore, it is possible that higher mortality in DM HD patients might be explained by their lower arterial AcAc/b-HB ratio.
Effects of Exchange Rate and Inflation Rate on Stock Market Returns Volatility in India.
Authors: Sre Nenavath , Naik Suresh
Published: August 2020

The paper investigates the effect of exchange and inflation rate on stock market returns in India. The study uses monthly, quarterly and annual inflation and exchange rate data obtained from the RBI and market returns computed from the Indian share market index from January, 2000 to June, 2020.The paper uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) co-integration technique and the error correction parametization of the ARDL model for investigating the effect on Indian Stock markets. The GARCH and its corresponding Error Correction Model (ECM) were used to explore the long- and short-run relationship between the India Stock market returns, inflation, and exchange rate. The paper shows that there exists a long term relationship but there is no short-run relationship between Indian market returns and inflation. But, there is periodicity of inflation monthly considerable long run and short-run relationship between them existed. The outcome also illustrates a significant short-run relationship between NSE market returns and exchange rate. The variables were tested for short run and it was significantly shown the positive effects on the stock market returns and making it a desirable attribute of which investors can take advantage of. This is due to the establishment of long-run effect of inflation and exchange rate on stock market returns.