bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gen Xers: Perceived barriers and motivators to fashion renting from the Indian cultural context
Authors: Jain Ritu , Singh Gurinder , Jain Sheetal , Jain Kokil
Published: June 2023

Recently, the thought processes of consumers are evolving universally, making them reflective of the detrimental ecological footprints owing to excessive fashion consumption at a personal level. Consequently, they are increasingly thinking about accessing alternative, sustainable modes of consuming fashion. Furthermore, this transition is being witnessed across the generations and is not confined to any one generation. The current study pertains to the recent shift of “Generation X" towards fashion rentals. However, Gen X is considered less experimental, more conservative, and therefore less lucrative. To this end, the current study explores the barriers to Gen X's adoption of fashion rental and suggests motivations to promote it. It employs an interpretive qualitative research paradigm, obtains data from 32 Gen X fashion consumers via semi‐structured interviews, analyses the data using thematic analysis, and uses the theory of psychological ownership and the Hofstede cultural dimensions as an underpinning framework. Results indicate the emergence of six themes representing barriers, including loss of efficacy and effectance, loss of self‐identity and extended self, temporariness, environmental unsustainability, personal hygiene behaviour, and lifestyle. Similarly, motivations included three themes: long‐term subscriptions; transparency and assurances; and personalisation and storytelling. This implies that fashion rental firms need to embrace transparency and empower consumers through co‐creation, long‐term rental subscriptions, and the possibilities of possession. Further, the paper contributes to the identification of new dimensions, including a lack of nostalgia, risk avoidance, personal hygiene, an absence of personalisation, a dearth of education, emotional detachment, and voluntary simplicity in lifestyle. It also suggests future research.
Site‐Selective Aryl Diazonium Installation onto Protein Surfaces at Neutral pH using a Maleimide‐Functionalized Triazabutadiene
Authors: Yates Nicholas D. J. , Hatton Natasha E. , Fascione Martin A. , Parkin Alison
Published: June 2023

Aryl diazonium cations are versatile bioconjugation reagents due to their reactivity towards electron‐rich aryl residues and secondary amines, but historically their usage has been hampered by both their short lifespan in aqueous solution and the harsh conditions required to generate them in situ. Triazabutadienes address many of these issues as they are stable enough to endure multiple‐step chemical syntheses and can persist for several hours in aqueous solution, yet upon UV‐exposure rapidly release aryl diazonium cations under biologically‐relevant conditions. This paper describes the synthesis of a novel maleimide‐functionalized triazabutadiene suitable for site‐selectively installing aryl diazonium cations into proteins at neutral pH; we show reaction with this molecule and a surface‐cysteine of a thiol disulfide oxidoreductase. Through photoactivation of the site‐selectively installed triazabutadiene motifs, we generate aryl diazonium functionality, which we further derivatize via azo‐bond formation to electron‐rich aryl species, showcasing the potential utility of this strategy for the generation of photoswitches or protein‐drug conjugates.
Alkaline Water Splitting Using Hafnium‐Based Stable and Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst
Authors: Chauhan Deepak , Itagi Mahesh , Ahn Young‐Ho
Published: June 2023

The desire to achieve sustainable development goals inspired exploring green energy as a favorable alternative to hazardous fossil fuel‐based energy. Alkaline water electrolysis is a promising candidate for producing low‐cost pure green hydrogen; however, the efficiency of non‐precious transitional metal‐based catalysts is still behind noble electrocatalysts (like Pt and IrO2). To make hydrogen a next‐generation fuel, the replacement of high‐cost scarce noble metal is required. An attempt has been made to use a non‐precious transitional bimetallic combination of hafnium nickel diselenide/ reduced graphene oxide (HfNiSe2/rGO) for HER, OER, and overall water splitting. HfNiSe2/rGO demonstrated good electrocatalytic performance; for achieving 10 mA/cm2 of current density, the overpotential requirement is 162 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 320 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 20 mA/cm2 of current density. Similarly, a low Tafel slope is required, 49 mV dec−1 for HER and 66 mV dec−1 for OER in 1 M KOH with high stability. HfNiSe2/rGO also showed highly stable activity for overall water splitting, requiring only 1.56 V to attain 10 mA/cm2 of current density. The result indicates HfNiSe2/rGO is a suitable electrocatalyst for green hydrogen generation because of its ease of production, economical, good activity, and stability towards water splitting.
Tuning the Coordination Environment of Single‐Atom Iron Catalysts Towards Effective Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Guo Zhongyuan , Liu Chuangwei , Sun Chenghua , Xu Jiang , Li Hao , Wang Tianyi
Published: June 2023

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) relies on developing efficient catalysts towards high reaction activity and selectivity. In recent years, designing single‐atom catalysts have been the research frontier in electrochemical reactions. However, compared to their widely studied applications in oxygen electrocatalysis, their potential structure‐function relationship and reaction mechanism in eNRR were less explored. Herein, single‐atom Fe−Nx−C materials were systematically analysed considering the coordination environments of single‐atom Fe. It was found that coordination environment plays a key role in determining the N2 adsorption and activation. Among the concept catalysts designed, FeCN2 and FeCN3 offer the highest eNRR activities with a suppressed side reaction (i. e., the hydrogen evolution). Moreover, the Bader charge of the single‐atom Fe and *NH adsorption energy can be the good descriptors to guide the design of eNRR catalysts. This study unravels the key role of coordination environment in tuning the reactivity of eNRR over single‐atom Fe−Nx−C materials.
A Novel Strategy for Deracemization Using Periodic Fluctuations of Concentration
Authors: Intaraboonrod Kritsada , Flood Adrian E.
Published: June 2023

A novel concept of deracemization via periodic fluctuations of solute concentration is demonstrated. Fluctuation of concentration under isothermal conditions was induced by vacuum evaporation followed by re‐addition of solvent. Complete deracemization of a scalemic suspension of N‐(2‐methylbenzylidene)‐phenylglycine amide (NMPA) was achieved. The effects of initial enantiomeric excess, vacuum pressure, and duration of evaporation on the evolution of the solid phase enantiomeric excess and the mechanism of this strategy were studied. Pure enantiomorph NMPA could be achieved by this technique in an efficient and novel procedure. The process has advantages for compounds that have solubility with a weak temperature dependence or compounds that start to decompose at low temperature.
Fibrils Emerging from Droplets: Molecular Guiding Principles behind Phase Transitions of a Short Peptide‐Based Condensate Studied by Solid‐State NMR**
Authors: Lipiński Wojciech P. , Zehnder Johannes , Abbas Manzar , Güntert Peter , Spruijt Evan , Wiegand Thomas
Published: June 2023

Biochemical reactions occurring in highly crowded cellular environments require different means of control to ensure productivity and specificity. Compartmentalization of reagents by liquid‐liquid phase separation is one of these means. However, extremely high local protein concentrations of up to 400 mg/ml can result in pathological aggregation into fibrillar amyloid structures, a phenomenon that has been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. Despite its relevance, the process of liquid‐to‐solid transition inside condensates is still not well understood at the molecular level. We thus herein use small peptide derivatives that can undergo both liquid‐liquid and subsequent liquid‐to‐solid phase transition as model systems to study both processes. Using solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we compare the structure of condensed states of leucine, tryptophan and phenylalanine containing derivatives, distinguishing between liquid‐like condensates, amorphous aggregates and fibrils, respectively. A structural model for the fibrils formed by the phenylalanine derivative was obtained by an NMR‐based structure calculation. The fibrils are stabilised by hydrogen bonds and side‐chain π‐π interactions, which are likely much less pronounced or absent in the liquid and amorphous state. Such noncovalent interactions are equally important for the liquid‐to‐solid transition of proteins, particularly those related to neurodegenerative diseases.
Smart Wearable Patches Using Light‐Controlled Activation and Delivery of Photoswitchable Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Kalyvas John T. , Facal Marina Paula , Stachura Damian L. , Horsley John R. , Abell Andrew D.
Published: June 2023

A novel strategy to treat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) skin infections is presented, where UV light is used to facilitate concomitant light‐controlled activation and delivery of an antimicrobial therapeutic agent. Specifically, a new photoswitchable gramicidin S analogue was immobilized onto a polymeric wearable patch via a photocleavable linker that undergoes photolysis at the same wavelength of light required for activation of the peptide. Unlike toxic gramicidin S, the liberated active photoswitchable peptide exhibits antimicrobial activity against S. aureus while being ostensibly non‐haemolytic to red blood cells. Moreover, irradiation with visible light switches off the antimicrobial properties of the peptide within seconds, presenting an ideal strategy to regulate antibiotic activity for localized bacterial infections with the potential to mitigate resistance.
Rapid Access to Encapsulated Molecular Rotors via Coordination‐Driven Macrocycle Formation
Authors: Grinde Noah A. , Kehoe Zachary R. , Vang Herh G. , Mancheski Lucas J. , Bosch Eric , Southern Scott A. , Bryce David L. , Bowling Nathan P.
Published: June 2023

Macrocycle formation that relies upon trans metal coordination of appropriately placed pyridine ligands within an arylene ethynylene construct provides rapid and reliable access to molecular rotators encapsulated within macrocyclic stators. Showing no significant close contacts to the central rotators, X‐ray crystallography of AgI‐coordinated macrocycles provides plausibility for unobstructed rotation or wobbling of rotators within the central cavity. Solid‐state 13C NMR of PdII‐coordinated macrocycles supports the notion of unobstructed movement of simple arenes in the crystal lattice. Solution 1H NMR studies indicate complete and immediate macrocycle formation upon the introduction of PdII to the pyridyl‐based ligand at room temperature. Moreover, the formed macrocycle is stable in solution; a lack of significant changes in the 1H NMR spectrum upon cooling to −50 °C is consistent with the absence of dynamic behavior. The synthetic route to these macrocycles is expedient and modular, providing access to rather complex constructs in four simple steps involving Sonogashira coupling and deprotection reactions.
A randomized sham‐controlled study of pulmonary vein isolation in symptomatic atrial fibrillation (The SHAM‐PVI study): Study design and rationale
Authors: Dulai Rajdip , Furniss Stephen S. , Sulke Neil , Freemantle Nick , Lambiase Pier D. , Farwell David , Srinivasan Neil T. , Tan Stuart , Patel Nikhil , Graham Adam , Veasey Rick A.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation has been shown to reduce atrial fibrillation (AF) burden and symptoms in patients. However, to date previous studies have been unblinded raising the possibility of a placebo effect to account for differences in outcomes.

Hypothesis & Methods

The objective of this study is to compare PV isolation to a sham procedure in patients with symptomatic AF. The SHAM‐PVI study is a double blind randomized controlled clinical trial. 140 patients with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF will be randomized to either PV isolation (with cryoballoon ablation) or a sham procedure (with phrenic nerve pacing). All patients will receive an implantable loop recorder. The primary outcome is total AF burden at 6 months postrandomisation (excluding the 3 month blanking period). Key secondary outcomes include (1) time to symptomatic and asymptomatic atrial tachyarrhythmia (2) total atrial tachyarrhythmia episodes and (3) patient reported outcome measures.

Results

Enrollment was initiated in January 2020. Through April 2023 119 patients have been recruited. Results are expected to be disseminated in 2024.

Conclusion

This study compares PV isolation using cryoablation to a sham procedure. The study will estimate the effect of PV isolation on AF burden.
Global Planar Tetra‐, Penta‐ and Hexa‐coordinate Silicon Clusters Constructed by Decorating SiO3 with Alkali Metals
Authors: Wang Meng‐hui , Fei De‐hou , Chen Chen , Liu Yu‐qian , Pan Sudip , Cui Zhong‐hua
Published: June 2023

The achievement of the rule‐breaking planar hypercoordinate motifs (carbon and other elements) is mainly attributed to a practical electronic stabilization mechanism, where the bonding of the central atom pz π electrons is a crucial issue. We have demonstrated that strong multiple bonds between the central atom and partial ligands can be an effective approach to explore stable planar hypercoordinate species. A set of planar tetra‐, penta‐ and hexa‐coordinate silicon clusters were herein found to be the lowest‐energy structure, which can be viewed as decorating SiO3 by alkali metals in the MSiO3−, M2SiO3 and M3SiO3+ (M=Li, Na) clusters. The strong charge transfer from M atoms to SiO3 effectively results in [M]+SiO32−, [M2]2+SiO32− and [M3]3+SiO32− salt complexes, where the Si−O multiple bonding and structural integrity of the Benz‐like SiO3 framework is maintained better than the corresponding SiO32− motifs. The bonding between M atoms and SiO3 motif is best described as M+ forming a few dative interactions by employing its vacant s, p, and high‐lying d orbitals. These considerable M←SiO3 interactions and Si−O multiple bonding give rise to the highly stable planar hypercoordinate silicon clusters.
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal assessments of function in prodromal‐to‐mild Alzheimer's disease: A comparison of the ADCS‐ADL and A‐IADL‐Q scales
Authors: Teng Edmond , Li Yihao , Manser Paul T. , Pickthorn Karen , Butcher Brandon D. , Blendstrup Mira , Randolph Christopher , Sikkes Sietske A.M.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Prior observational work in a heterogeneous cohort of participants with mild cognitive impairment suggests the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (A‐IADL‐Q) may have greater sensitivity for functional decline than the more established Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living (ADCS‐ADL) scale. However, the relative utility of the A‐IADL‐Q versus the ADCS‐ADL for clinical trials in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains uncertain.

Methods

We compared baseline and longitudinal performance of the A‐IADL‐Q and ADCS‐ADL in participants with biomarker‐confirmed prodromal (pAD; n = 158) or mild (mAD; n = 283) AD enrolled in the 18‐month Tauriel study of semorinemab (NCT03289143).

Results

The A‐IADL‐Q exhibited numerically stronger discrimination between pAD and mAD participants at baseline per Cohen's d analyses and similar sensitivity to longitudinal decline across cohorts over 18 months relative to the ADCS‐ADL.

Discussion

The comparable performance of the ADCS‐ADL and A‐IADL‐Q supports the utility of the A‐IADL‐Q in early AD clinical trials.

Highlights

The Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (A‐IADL‐Q) may be more sensitive than the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADCS‐ADL) for distinguishing prodromal and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD).

A‐IADL‐Q and ADCS‐ADL are similarly sensitive to decline in early AD over 18 months.

Comparable performance of these indices supports A‐IADL‐Q use in future AD trials.

Additional AD clinical trial data could extend findings across more diverse cohorts.
Changes in the landscape patterns of Black‐necked Crane habitat and its correlation with their individual population numbers during the past 40 years in China
Authors: Yang Ying , Xie Chou , Shen Chaoyong , Tian Bangsen , Wang Shudong , Bian Xiaolin , Guo Yihong , Zhu Yu , Fang Haoran
Published: June 2023

The landscape pattern of the Black‐necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) habitat in China changed at different spatial scales and long‐term periods due to natural factors and human activities, and habitat reduction and fragmentation threatened the survival of Black‐necked Cranes. The factors driving the habitat landscape pattern and individual population changes of Black‐necked Cranes remain to be studied. In this paper, based on remote sensing data of land use from 1980 to 2020, the changes in landscape pattern and fragmentation of the Black‐necked Crane habitat in China over 40 years were analyzed from two different spatial scales using the land cover transfer matrix and landscape index. The correlation between landscape and Black‐necked Crane individual population was analyzed. The most obvious observations were as follows: (1) Although transformation between landscapes occurred to varying degrees, the area of wetlands and arable land in the breeding and the wintering areas (net) increased significantly from 1980 to 2020. (2) Habitat fragmentation existed in the breeding and the wintering area and was more obvious in the wintering area. (3) The number of individuals of Black‐necked Cranes increased period by period, and habitat fragmentation did not inhibit their population growth. (4) The number of individuals of Black‐necked Crane was closely related to the wetland and arable land. The increasing area of wetlands and arable and the increasing landscape shape complexity all contributed to the growth of the individual population. The results also suggested that the number of individuals of Black‐necked Crane was not threatened by the expanding arable land in China, and they might benefit from arable landscapes. The conservation of Black‐necked Cranes should focus on the relationship between individual Black‐necked Cranes and arable landscapes, and the conservation of other waterbirds should also focus on the relationship between individual waterbirds and other landscapes.
Metabarcoding of fecal pellets in wild muskox populations reveals negative relationships between microbiome and diet alpha diversity
Authors: Prewer Erin , Vilaça Sibelle T. , Bird Samantha , Kutz Susan , Leclerc Lisa‐Marie , Kyle Christopher J.
Published: June 2023

Microbiome diversity and diet composition concomitantly influence species health, fitness, immunity, and digestion. In environments where diet varies spatially and temporally, microbiome plasticity may promote rapid host adaptation to available resources. For northern ungulates in particular, metabarcoding of noninvasively collected fecal pellets presents unprecedented insights into their diverse ecological requirements and niches by clarifying the interrelationships of microbiomes, key to deriving nutrients, in context of altered forage availability in changing climates. Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are Arctic‐adapted species that experience fluctuating qualities and quantities of vegetation. Geography and seasonality have been noted to influence microbiome composition and diversity in muskoxen, yet it is unclear how their microbiomes intersect with diet. Following observations from other species, we hypothesized increasing diet diversity would result in higher microbiome diversity in muskoxen. We assessed diet composition in muskoxen using three common plant metabarcoding markers and explored correlations with microbiome data. Patterns of dietary diversity and composition were not fully concordant among the markers used, yet all reflected the primary consumption of willows and sedges. Individuals with similar diets had more similar microbiomes, yet in contrast to most literature, yielded negative relationships between microbiome and diet alpha diversity. This negative correlation may reflect the unique capacities of muskoxen to survive solely on high‐fiber Arctic forage and provide insight into their resiliency to exploit changing dietary resources in a rapidly warming Arctic altering vegetation diversity.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals differences inMADS‐boxgenes of different hypericum in Changbai Mountains
Authors: Yunrui Xia , Rui Song , Xing Yang , Zhe Zhao , Keqin Zhang , Nanyi Zhang
Published: June 2023

To explore the differences between the hypericum in the Changbai Mountains, we carried out a transcriptome analysis of two common hypericums in the area, which wasHypericum attenuatumChoisy andHypericum longistylumOliv. We screened theMADS‐boxgenes to analyze divergence time and evolutionary selection expression, and determine their expression levels. The results showed that we detected 9287 differentially expressed genes in the two species, of which shared 6044 genes by the two species. Analysis of the selectedMADSgenes revealed that the species was in an environment adapted to its natural evolution. The divergence time estimation showed that the segregation of these genes in the two species was related to the changes of external environment and genome replication events. The results of relative expression showed that the later flowering period ofHypericum attenuatumChoisy was related to the higher expression of theSVP (SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE)and theAGL12 (AGAMOUS LIKE 12), while the lower expression of theFUL (FRUITFULL).
Change agents in Germany's energy transition: Role of the state of Schleswig‐Holstein in wind electricity development from the 1970s to 2009
Authors: Watanabe Rie
Published: June 2023

Energiewende (energy transition) has become a worldwide critical challenge. Unlike extensive literature that explains Germany's energy transition focusing on federal actors, this study analyzes the role of Schleswig‐Holstein in federal wind energy policy‐making. Schleswig‐Holstein was an economically poor state governed by the Christian Democratic Union from 1950 to 1988 and supported nuclear energy in the late 1970s and early 1980s. By integrating the notions of “leaders,” “pioneers,” and “entrepreneurs,” and exploring the relationship between these change agents and “followers,” this study elucidates a nuanced classification of actors. An examination of proceedings of the federal assembly, the second chamber, and the Schleswig‐Holstein state parliament revealed that Schleswig‐Holstein changed its role from a potential veto‐coalition player in the 1970s to a constructive pusher of repowering older windmills in the 2009 Renewable Energy Act revision. This study also highlights that leaders, pioneers, and entrepreneurs do not necessarily overlap and do capture different change agents.
Watch out! A path from anxiety to anorexia nervosa through biased attention?
Authors: Radix Anne Kathrin , Sfärlea Anca , Rinck Mike , Becker Eni Sabine , Platt Belinda , Schulte‐Körne Gerd , Legenbauer Tanja
Published: June 2023

Objective

Evidence points towards heightened anxiety and attention biases (AB) towards disorder‐specific (threatening) stimuli in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). To date, it is unclear how anxiety and AB interact in eating disorders (ED). The present study tests the causal role of anxiety by inducing anxiety before a dot‐probe task with either ED‐specific stimuli or unspecific negative (threat‐related) information. We expected that anxiety would elicit AB for ED‐specific, but not for unspecific threat‐related stimuli.

Methods

Adolescents with AN (AN, n = 32) or depression (DEP, n = 27) and healthy controls (HC, n = 29) underwent an anxiety induction or a low anxiety control task before a pictorial dot‐probe task with either under‐/overweight body‐related pictures or non‐disorder‐related threatening pictures (angry faces). BMI, level of ED symptoms, anxiety, stress, and depression were assessed at baseline.

Results

The anxiety induction did not affect the observed attention pattern. AN showed an AB towards underweight body pictures compared to HC, whereas no disorder‐unspecific threat‐related AB emerged. Regression analyses revealed that only anxiety predicted the AB towards underweight body pictures.

Discussion

Further experimental research may integrate eye tracking as an additional tool, or collect information on body dissatisfaction to obtain a better understanding of how anxiety biases attention.
Occurrence of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Contamination of Food Sources and Aquaculture Organisms Used in Aquatic Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Rushing Rosie , Schmokel Christopher , Brooks Bryan W. , Simcik Matt F.
Published: June 2023

When performing basic and translational laboratory studies with aquatic organisms, particularly for bioaccumulation, toxicity, or biotransformation experiments, it is imperative to control the route and dose of exposure. Contamination of feed and the organisms prior to study could alter the results of an experiment. Furthermore, if organisms not exposed in the lab are used for quality assurance/quality control, then blank levels, method detection limits, and limits of quantitation can be affected. In an effort to determine the magnitude of this potential issue for exposure studies involving Pimephales promelas, we analyzed a suite of 24 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in four types of feed from three different companies and in organisms from five aquaculture facilities. Contamination with PFAS was found in all types of materials and organisms from all aquaculture farms. The most frequently detected PFAS in fish feed and aquaculture fathead minnows were perfluorocarboxylic acids and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Concentrations of total and individual PFAS in feed ranged from nondetect to 76 ng/g and from nondetect to 60 ng/g, respectively. Fathead minnows were contaminated with PFOS and perfluorohexane sulfonate as well as several perflourocarboxylic acids. Concentrations of total and individual PFAS ranged from 1.4 to 351 ng/g and from nondetect to 328 ng/g, respectively. The PFOS measured in food was primarily the linear isomer, consistent with greater bioaccumulation of that isomer in organisms raised as fish food. Future studies are necessary to define the extent of PFAS contamination in aquatic culture facilities and aquaculture production operations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1463–1471. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Igneous records of transformation from ocean to continent of Mongolia–Okhotsk Ocean: Evidence from granitoids of Woduhe area, Heilongjiang Province, China
Authors: Liu Qing , Liu Cui , Deng Jinfu , Liu Jixu , Duan Peixin , Zhang Yu , Zhao Handong , Tian Shipan
Published: June 2023

The Woduhe area of Heilongjiang Province is located in the eastern side of the Greater Xing'an Range. This area has experienced the evolution of the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean, the Palaeo‐Pacific, and the Mongolia–Okhotsk Ocean, and it can be used to discuss the transformation process of these palaeo‐oceanic plates to continental plates. However, controversies exist over its time period and the process of transformation. The 1:250000 Woduhe Geological Map shows that Early Cretaceous granitic batholith developed near the Dajinshan area. However, the LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating presented in this paper shows that the trondhjemites from the southern part of the Dajinshan area were formed at 156.9 ± 2.2 Ma, syenogranites were formed at 131.7 ± 1.6 Ma, and diorite porphyrite dikes were formed at 126.0 ± 3.1 Ma. Therefore, Early Cretaceous batholiths should be reclassified as different, separate units. The Late Jurassic intrusive rocks belong to TTGG assemblages (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite‐granite). Trace element spider diagrams show that the rocks are enriched in K, Pb, Zr, and Hf; depleted in Nb, Ta, and Eu; with higher Sr; and lower Y content. The rare earth element pattern is right‐sloping (La/Yb > 12). The Early Cretaceous intrusive rocks belong to G assemblages (granodiorite). Combined with the tectonic settings, we determined that the Late Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous granites were formed in a magmatic arc setting related to subduction. Late Jurassic intrusive magma mainly originated from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust under the Xing'an arc, and was likely contaminated by mantle material. Early Cretaceous intrusive magma originated from the partial melting of the Xing'an sub‐arc crust. Based on the distribution of the Late Jurassic TTG (N and NE) and G (S and SW) assemblages, intrusive records of the southward and southwestward subduction of the Mongolia–Okhotsk Ocean can be observed. In addition, the grade of maturity of the Xing'an arc is increasing during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.
Phenols as Novel Photocatalytic Platforms for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Filippini Giacomo , Dosso Jacopo , Prato Maurizio
Published: June 2023

In recent years, organic chemists have devoted a great deal of effort towards the implementation of novel green photocatalytic synthetic protocols. To this end, the development of new effective, non‐toxic, inexpensive photocatalysts, which are capable of driving value‐added chemical transformations, is highly desirable. Interestingly, phenols fulfill all these requirements due to their outstanding physicochemical features, therefore emerging as promising metal‐free photocatalytic platforms for organic synthesis. This Perspective aims at highlighting the most recent applications of phenols in organic photocatalysis. More specifically, phenolate anions, formed upon deprotonation of phenols, are photo‐active organic intermediates that may absorb light within the visible region. Thus, when in the excited states, these anions may be used as reductants to generate reactive open shell species from suitable precursors under mild operative conditions. Alternatively, phenolate anions and suitable radical precursors can form electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complexes. Specifically, the photochemical activity of these molecular aggregates can be used to initiate organic radical reactions. Lastly, forward‐looking opportunities within this research field have been discussed.
Hematological Oncology journal women in lymphoma special issue: Latest updates in nodal peripheral T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Poon Limei , de Leval Laurence , Ng Siok Bian , Song Yuqin , Pro Barbara , Savage Kerry J. , Ruan Jia , Mehta‐Shah Neha , Vose Julie M.
Published: June 2023

In the last decade, there has been increased understanding of the pathologic features and biology of peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) through development of multi omics and molecular profiling techniques. In addition, international collaborations through multi center trials as well as prospective registry studies have improved our knowledge of host and tumor genomic factors and treatment factors affecting disease outcomes. In our review today, we aim to highlight the current epidemiology, latest advances in classification, disease biology and the evolving treatment landscape for nodal PTCLs.
Peptidomics analysis of human breast milk from women with postpartum depression reveals its potential pathogenesis
Authors: Xu Xuyao , Wang Suli , Mei Shijuan , Xie Kaipeng
Published: June 2023

Background

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder during the postnatal period, and it exerts adverse impacts not only on mothers but also on infants, impairing the well‐being of the whole family. However, the role of peptides in the breast milk of mothers with PPD has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to unveil the peptidomic profile of PPD from breast milk samples.

Methods

We performed comparative peptidomic profiling of human breast milk from PPD and control mothers using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technology with iTRAQ‐8 labelling. GO and KEGG pathway analyses of precursor proteins were used to predict the underlying biological functions of differentially expressed peptides (DEPs). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was further performed to explore the interactions and involved pathways of DEPs.

Results

A total of 294 peptides from 62 precursor proteins were identified to be differentially expressed in the breast milk of PPD mothers compared with the control group. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that these DEPs were associated with ECM–receptor interaction, neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecule binding and oxidative stress in macrophages. These results indicate that DEPs from human breast milk may play a part in PPD and become promising noninvasive biomarkers.
Acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase substrate promiscuity: Challenges and opportunities for development of substrate reduction therapy in disorders of valine and isoleucine metabolism
Authors: Houten Sander M. , Dodatko Tetyana , Dwyer William , Violante Sara , Chen Hongjie , Stauffer Brandon , DeVita Robert J. , Vaz Frédéric M. , Cross Justin R. , Yu Chunli , Leandro João
Published: June 2023

Toxicity of accumulating substrates is a significant problem in several disorders of valine and isoleucine degradation notably short‐chain enoyl‐CoA hydratase (ECHS1 or crotonase) deficiency, 3‐hydroxyisobutyryl‐CoA hydrolase (HIBCH) deficiency, propionic acidemia (PA), and methylmalonic aciduria (MMA). Isobutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD8) and short/branched‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD, ACADSB) function in the valine and isoleucine degradation pathways, respectively. Deficiencies of these acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD) enzymes are considered biochemical abnormalities with limited or no clinical consequences. We investigated whether substrate reduction therapy through inhibition of ACAD8 and SBCAD can limit the accumulation of toxic metabolic intermediates in disorders of valine and isoleucine metabolism. Using analysis of acylcarnitine isomers, we show that 2‐methylenecyclopropaneacetic acid (MCPA) inhibited SBCAD, isovaleryl‐CoA dehydrogenase, short‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase and medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, but not ACAD8. MCPA treatment of wild‐type and PA HEK‐293 cells caused a pronounced decrease in C3‐carnitine. Furthermore, deletion of ACADSB in HEK‐293 cells led to an equally strong decrease in C3‐carnitine when compared to wild‐type cells. Deletion of ECHS1 in HEK‐293 cells caused a defect in lipoylation of the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which was not rescued by ACAD8 deletion. MCPA was able to rescue lipoylation in ECHS1 KO cells, but only in cells with prior ACAD8 deletion. SBCAD was not the sole ACAD responsible for this compensation, which indicates substantial promiscuity of ACADs in HEK‐293 cells for the isobutyryl‐CoA substrate. Substrate promiscuity appeared less prominent for 2‐methylbutyryl‐CoA at least in HEK‐293 cells. We suggest that pharmacological inhibition of SBCAD to treat PA should be investigated further.
Simplified and effective RNA interference and CRISPR‐Cas9 systems for Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Chen Qiying , An Binyi , Peng Xinyuan , Wu Yifan , Peng Min , Zhang Chen , He Yifan , Sang Hong , Kong Qingtao
Published: June 2023

The 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) melanin is one of the important virulence factors for Cryptococcus neoformans, which may trigger immune responses in the host. While the production of DOPA melanin is catalyzed by laccase that is predominantly encoded by LAC1 gene. Therefore, regulating the genetic expression of C. neoformans is conducive to exploring the impact of interested molecules on the host. In this work, we established two systems that were constructed quickly and easily for the knock‐down/knock‐out of LAC1 gene: RNA interference (RNAi) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR‐Cas9. The RNAi system was constructed by pSilencer 4.1‐CMV neo plasmid and short hairpin RNA to achieve effective transcriptional suppression. The CRISPR‐Cas9 system was used the PNK003 vectors to obtain a stable albino mutant strain. The results of phenotype, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, transmission electron microscope, and spectrophotometry were used to assess the ability of melanin production. As a result, the RNAi system displayed attenuation of transcriptional suppression when the transformants continuously passed on new plates. However, the transcriptional suppression of long loop in short hairpin RNA was more powerful and lasted longer. An albino strain produced by CRISPR‐Cas9 was completely unable to synthesize melanin. In conclusion, strains with different capacities of melanin production were obtained by RNAi and CRISPR‐Cas9 systems, which might be useful for exploring the linear relation between melanin and immunoreaction of the host. In addition, the two systems in this article might be convenient to quickly screen the possible trait‐regulating genes of other serotypes of C. neoformans.
Longitudinal and bidirectional associations between posttraumatic stress disorder and emotional support among disaster‐affected men and women
Authors: Córdoba‐Salgado Oscar , Andrews Arthur R. , Davidson Tatiana M. , Galea Sandro , Ruggiero Kenneth J.
Published: June 2023

Research has demonstrated a negative association between social support and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This has been interpreted as a protective influence of social support against the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Research on the opposite association is more limited, but findings suggest that PTSS have a negative impact on social support. There is conflicting evidence that these effects are moderated by gender. Few studies have assessed both associations and gender moderation in a postdisaster context. We examined the longitudinal and bidirectional effects of emotional support and PTSS and whether gender moderates these effects among U.S. survivors of the 2017–2018 season. Participants (N = 1,347) were assessed at four time points over 1 year. Bidirectional effects were assessed using cross‐lagged, autoregressive analyses with the combined sample (Model 1) and grouped by gender (Model 2) to assess gender moderation. The results supported small bidirectional negative effects of social support and PTSS on one another from one assessment point (e.g. Wave 1) to the subsequent point (e.g., Wave 2) for all waves, βs = −.07—.15, p < .001–p = .040. Multigroup analyses suggested the effects were not significantly different by gender. Overall, the results suggest that social support and PTSS may mutually diminish one another. Such effects may result in a positive or negative cascade wherein high PTSS may lead to lower social support and, therefore, even higher PTSS and vice versa. These findings support the importance of including social support in interventions to promote PTSS prevention and recovery.
The Relationship of Renal Augmented Velocity Index With Ventricular–Arterial Coupling in Comparison to Renal Resistive Index
Authors: Karasu Betul Banu , Emekli Emre
Published: June 2023

Objective

It's a well‐known scientific statement that the heart and kidney functions are frequently tied together and the impairment of one directly alters the other. However, there exist knowledge gaps about this intricate pathophysiologic link and the exact unifying mechanism is not established. Herein, we aimed to investigate the presence of cardiorenal interaction at subclinical level while the conventional cardiac and renal clinical parameters are not disrupted yet in patients with hypertension.

Methods

We chose a novel renal Doppler ultrasonographic parameter—augmented velocity index (Avi)—and an echocardiographic measure—ventriculoarterial coupling—which is complex to analyze but increasingly used after its acceptance about being a key determinant of cardiovascular efficiency. We recruited 137 patients without a previous history of antihypertensive medication use (47.4% women; median age, 49 years). Renal Avi, renal resistive index (RI), arterial elastance (Ea), ventricular elastance (Ees) and Ea/Ees (ventriculoarterial coupling) parameters were all examined.

Results

Renal Avi, Ea, and Ea/Ees values were higher in females. Correlation analysis revealed that renal Avi was correlated with many hemodynamic variables including Ea and Ea/Ees. On multiple linear regression analysis, Ea and Ea/Ees remained as significant independent predictors of renal Avi but not of renal RI after adjustments for co‐variables (β = 0.488, P < .001 for Ea; β = 0.380, P < .001 for Ea/Ees).

Conclusions

In comparison to renal RI, we suggest that renal Avi is a more reliable and promising index that can even measure subclinical changes in the cardiorenal circulation which needs to be elucidated.
Implications of forage quality for population recovery of bighorn sheep following a pneumonia epizootic
Authors: Wagler Brittany L. , Smiley Rachel A. , Courtemanch Alyson B. , Lutz Daryl , McWhirter Doug , Brimeyer Doug , Hnilicka Patrick , Robinson Timothy J. , Monteith Kevin L.
Published: June 2023

Animals are inherently tied to nutritional resources of the landscape. Added cost of coping with environmental stressors, like disease, can exacerbate nutritional limitations. Pneumonia, a respiratory disease caused primarily by bacterial pathogens, has caused massive declines in populations of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) throughout western North America. Nevertheless, population dynamics following a pneumonia epizootic vary across populations, which has spawned the idea that ecological conditions may play a role in regulating populations after a die‐off. We used 2 bighorn sheep populations with contrasting dynamics to test the hypothesis that habitat quality on summer range affects population dynamics following a pneumonia epizootic. We sampled over 700 vegetation transects and quantified nutrient content of 2,093 forage samples of 127 genera on summer ranges to compare habitat quality (macro‐ and micronutrients in forage, biomass, plant cover, and species diversity) between the ranges. The population exhibiting growth, higher recruitment, and better nutritional condition had over double the herbaceous biomass in their core foraging areas in summer than the population exhibiting decline, lower recruitment, and poorer nutritional status. The population experiencing growth also had more macro‐ and micronutrients available on their summer range as a function of higher biomass along with higher species diversity. Although winter range often is considered the nutritional bottleneck for ungulates, we demonstrate that the conditions of summer range can have consequences for population dynamics. Habitat quality should be incorporated when considering management objectives and population recovery of large herbivores in the presence of disease; interactions between habitat quality and population dynamics still apply and likely are amplified with additional stressors like disease.
High variability in organic carbon sources and microbial activities in the hadopelagic waters
Authors: Li Xinxin , Zhao Xin , Dang Hongyue , Zhang Chuanlun , Fernández‐Urruzola Igor , Liu Zhiqiang , Wenzhöfer Frank , Glud Ronnie N.
Published: June 2023

Hadal sediments are recognized as organic carbon depocenters with intensified microbial activity compared to adjacent abyssal sites due to focusing of relatively labile organic materials. However, the sources and turnover of hadopelagic organic carbon and its linkages to microbial activities have not been studied. We present the first synergic research on particulate organic carbon, dark carbon fixation, and size‐fractionated microbial community respiration proxy over the Atacama Trench. The results demonstrate that all parameters attenuate rapidly from surface to mesopelagic water (~ 1000 m). Progressing deeper, values remain relatively stable throughout bathypelagic (~ 4000 m) and abyssopelagic (~ 6000 m) waters. However, in the hadopelagic zone (> 6000 m), highly variable values indicate dynamic organic carbon sources and microbial activities in the deepest trench. On average, 71% of the microbial community respiration proxy is attributable to particle‐associated communities, indicating importance of particles for microbial metabolism. No apparent relationship was observed between the microbial community respiration proxy and microbial 16S rRNA gene abundance below the epipelagic depth, indicating variable supply and quality of organic carbon likely constrained heterotrophic activities rather than microbial abundances in the deep ocean. The depth‐integrated dark carbon fixation (> 1000 m) accounts for 11.5% ± 7.6% of the surface net primary production, of which 2.9% ± 0.4% is from hadopelagic depth. Dark carbon fixation is thus an important in situ organic carbon source for hadal life. This study suggests that high variability in organic carbon sources and microbial activities in the hadopelagic trench cannot be simply extrapolated from findings in the shallower dark ocean (e.g., 1000–6000 m).
Distal Upper Limb Tremor during Walking in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Costanzo Matteo , Cutrona Carolina , Leodori Giorgio , De Bartolo Maria Ilenia , Fabbrini Andrea , Vivacqua Giorgio , Conte Antonella , Fabbrini Giovanni , Berardelli Alfredo , Belvisi Daniele
Published: June 2023

Background

Distal upper limb tremor during walking (TW) is frequently observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) but its clinical features are unknown.

Objective

To characterize the occurrence and the clinical features of TW in comparison to the other types of tremors in PD.

Methods

Fifty‐one PD patients with rest tremor were evaluated off‐ and on‐treatment. Occurrence, body distribution, severity and latency of TW and of other tremor types were assessed.

Results

TW was present in 78% of the PD patients examined. TW body distribution and severity were similar to those of rest and re‐emergent tremor but different from the postural tremor presented by the same patients. TW latency, observed in 85% of patients, was on average 5.8 s. Dopaminergic treatment significantly improved TW, rest, and re‐emergent tremor severity but left TW latency unaffected.

Conclusions

TW is a frequent motor sign in PD and is likely a clinical variant of rest tremor.
International Genetic Testing and Counseling Practices for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Saunders‐Pullman Rachel , Raymond Deborah , Ortega Roberto A. , Shalash Ali , Gatto Emilia , Salari Mehri , Markgraf Maggie , Alcalay Roy N. , Mascalzoni Deborah , Mencacci Niccolò E. , Bonifati Vincenzo , Merello Marcelo , Chung Sun Ju , Novakovic Ivana , Bardien Soraya , Pal Gian , Hall Anne , Hattori Nobutaka , Lynch Timothy , Thaler Avner , Sue Carolyn M. , Foroud Tatiana , Verbrugge Jennifer , Schulze Jeanine , Cook Lola , Marder Karen , Suchowersky Oksana , Klein Christine , Simuni Tatyana
Published: June 2023

Background

There is growing clinical and research utilization of genetic testing in Parkinson's disease (PD), including direct‐to‐consumer testing.

Objectives

The aim is to determine the international landscape of genetic testing in PD to inform future worldwide recommendations.

Methods

A web‐based survey assessing current practices, concerns, and barriers to genetic testing and counseling was administered to the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society membership.

Results

Common hurdles across sites included cost and access to genetic testing, and counseling, as well as education on genetic counseling. Region‐dependent differences in access to and availability of testing and counseling were most notable in Africa. High‐income countries also demonstrated heterogeneity, with European nations more likely to have genetic testing covered through insurance than Pan‐American and Asian countries.

Conclusions

This survey highlights not only diversity of barriers in different regions but also the shared and highly actionable needs for improved education and access to genetic counseling and testing for PD worldwide. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.