bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF STANDARD TREATMENT WITH STREPTOKINASE IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Gormsen Johs.
Published: November 2020

The biochemical effect of standard dosage of streptokinase (SK) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) suggested to be less than 24 hours old has been evaluated. The trial was carried out in a medical department of a city hospital having no coronary unit. The SK dose was: a loading dose of 0.25 times 106 units, followed by 0.1 × 106/hour for 20 hours. Phenindione was given from the very beginning in the SK group (67 pats.) and in the control group (68 pats.). Special protocols were used. All therapy of any complication was standardized. The biochemical effect was evaluated by measuring the euglobulin clot lysis time (ELT), plasma thrombin time, fibrinogen, plasminogen, fibrinogen‐fibrin breakdown products, α‐2 macroglobulin, and α‐1 antitrypsin, and the clinical effect by close ECG. recordings and estimations of SGOT, LDH and CPK. A persistent significant fibrinolytic effect was obtained in at least 85% of the patients for 20–24 hours. Plasminogen depletion was seen in around 15%, generally lasting 1–2 days. Fibrinogen‐fibrin breakdown products developed during the SK treatment. Increased amounts were seen in a few other patients with thromboembolic complications or malignancy. Normal values were found in incomplicated cases. The lethality was identical in the two groups, which were clinically comparable but not randomized. The frequency of bleeding complications was identical, but fewer thromboembolic cases were seen in the SK group, as illustrated by autopsy. The study showed that a standard treatment can be performed without difficulties or serious complications, producing significant fibrinolytic activity in around 80–90% of the patients. The final evaluation of the possible effect of fibrinolytic therapy in AMI should be carried out in coronary units. Many well randomized patients are necessary.
MYCOPLASMA IN URINE COLLECTED BY SUPRAPUBIC ASPIRATION
Authors: Mårdh P.‐A. , Lohi A. , Fritz H.
Published: November 2020

The present study indicates that mycoplasmas may invade the urinary tract above the urethra. From 87 patients with signs of urinary tract infections voided urine, as well as urine collected by suprapubic aspiration from the bladder, has been cultured for Mycoplasma. Besides culture these specimens and voided urine specimens from an additional 190 patients were examined with a screening test for T‐mycoplasmas which utilizes the ability of these organisms to metabolize urea. Among the 87 patients T‐mycoplasmas were cultured from voided urine in 18 cases and Mycoplasma hominis in 9 cases. In 10 of the 18 patients (56%) T‐mycoplasmas were isolated also from urine collected by bladder puncture. In 2 of these 10 patients the cultures from the aspirated urine also yielded growth of M. hominis. T‐mycoplasmas were in no instance found on culture unless the screening test indicated that urea had been metabolized with the production of ammonia.
THE RENAL EFFECT OF CALCITONIN IN HYPOPARATHYROID PATIENTS
Authors: Sørensen O. Helmer , Hindberg Inge , Friis Th.
Published: November 2020

To rule out secondary effects due to stimulation of the parathyroid glands, the action of calcitonin has been studied in four hypoparathyroid subjects. The patients were given a single injection of 100 MRC U of porcine calcitonin. Apart from a transient decrease in the serum calcium levels in two of the patients, no changes were found in the blood. Pronounced alterations, however, took place in the urinary excretion patterns. The excretion of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium increased in all patients. A strong phosphaturic effect was registered in three of the patients. The most prominent changes took place in the excretion of sodium, which went up by 350–700%, accompanied by marked elevations of the diureses. The results indicate that calcitonin has an action on the kidney in man.
THE OVERSTIMULATED THYROID
Authors: Wahlberg Peter , von Knorring Johan , Nyman Dag
Published: November 2020

Eight patients are described who had a diminished functional thyroid mass after operation, radioiodine treatment or thyroiditis. All had hyperthyroid symptoms and signs, but low or normal serum protein‐bound iodine (PBI) or butanol‐extractable iodine (BEI) values. Protein‐bound radioiodine (PBI*) or conversion ratio (CR), when available, was high. The symptoms and signs subsided when thyroxin medication was employed. The condition is interpreted as a result of intense pituitary TSH stimulation of a small functioning thyroid remnant, resulting in rapid iodine and hormone turnover within a small functioning iodine space. The thyroid remnants are not able to secrete enough thyroid hormones to suppress TSH stimulation. The meaning of the hyperthyroid symptoms and signs in this form of hypothyroidism is discussed. The importance of recognition of this condition is stressed, as well as the need to consider thyroid replacement therapy after subtotal thyroidectomy, radioiodine treatment or thyroiditis.
RIGHT VENTRICULAR MONOPHASIC ACTION POTENTIALS IN MAN
Authors: Olsson S. Bertil , Varnauskas E.
Published: November 2020

Right ventricular monophasic action potential (MAP) has been recorded during abrupt changes of cycle length and during atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing heart catheterization. The abrupt cycle length changes were initiated by sudden changes of stimulation rate using right atrial pacing. A sudden prolonged cycle is terminated by a MAP with increased duration and decreased repolarization rate of phase 3. An acute shortening of the cycle is followed by a MAP with decreased duration. The repolarization rate of phase 3 of such a MAP is not generally increased as expected from in vitro studies. In atrial fibrillation a short cycle is followed by a MAP with short duration and rapid repolarization rate of phase 3, whilst a long cycle is terminated by a MAP with long duration and slower phase 3 repolarization. The similarity between the adaptation of the MAP configuration after abrupt changes of cycle length and during atrial fibrillation suggests that rate‐dependent adaptation of the contractile force—known from earlier in vitro studies—might also occur during atrial fibrillation in man.
“FIBRINOLYTIC CAPACITY” IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS AT DIFFERENT AGES AS STUDIED BY STANDARDIZED VENOUS OCCLUSION OF ARMS AND LEGS
Authors: Robertson B. R. , Pandolfi M. , Nilsson I. M.
Published: November 2020

The local fibrinolytic response to standardized venous occlusion of arms and legs has been studied in 345 healthy volunteers of different ages (children, adults (18–50) and old people (above 65)). The fibrinolytic activity of resuspended euglobulin precipitate was measured on unheated fibrin plates. The fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion of the arms increased significantly (p < 0.001) with age. In the aged the response was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in men than in women. In the legs the fibrinolytic response did not vary significantly with age below 50. The response was significantly lower in persons above 65 than in those below this age. The ratio between the response of the arm and that of the leg increased strongly with age. The results suggest that the predisposition of the legs to thrombosis and arteriosclerosis increases with age.
INFLUENCE OF PROBENECID ON GENTAMYCIN PHARMACOKINETICS
Authors: Bergan Tom , Westlie Lars , Brodwall Erling K.
Published: November 2020

A previous study showed that gentamycin apparently is secreted by the renal tubular cells. To investigate whether this occurred via the same transport mechanism as the penicillins, probenecid has been given. No evidence for a reduced gentamycin excretion has been found after this treatment, which means that this compound must be transported via another system.
SPLEEN SIZE IN POLYCYTHEMIA
Authors: Westin Jan , Lanner Lars‐Olof , Larsson Agne , Weinfeld Aleksander
Published: November 2020

The size of the spleen has been determined in control subjects, in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and in other forms of polycythemia. With 99mTc sulphur colloid and a gamma camera technique the largest area of the spleen was determined and compared with the length of the spleen on X‐ray examination and with results of palpation. The spleen scan area was shown to be enlarged in all but three cases of untreated PV (90%) and in all cases of PV in relapse. The group of absolute polycythemia other than PV had a slight but statistically significant increase of the scan area compared with the controls. The group of pseudopolycythemia had a scan area within the normal limits. In cases of active PV the size of the spleen was examined twice, at a high hematocrit level and at a normal hematocrit level, accomplished by repeated phlebotomies. The results did not show any statistically significant difference. There was, however, a significant decrease in the size of the spleen after remission, induced by myelosuppressive therapy. Most normal‐sized spleens were also judged as normal on X‐ray examination, but within the normal range there was no correlation between the spleen scan area and the length of the spleen on X‐ray. A fairly good correlation was found for enlarged spleens, but the residual standard deviation was rather large. Thirteen scintigraphically enlarged spleens had a normal X‐ray length. Twenty‐three enlarged spleens and the normal‐sized spleens could not be felt by palpation. A largest spleen scan area of above 81 cm2 is regarded as above the upper limit of normal. A value above 104 cm2 is in favour of PV, when this disease is to be differentiated from secondary polycythemia.
HODGKIN'S DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME WITHOUT KIDNEY LESION
Authors: Hansen H. E. , Skov P. E. , Askjær S. A. , Albertsen K.
Published: November 2020

Three patients are reported in whom Hodgkin's disease was associated with the nephrotic syndrome. Biopsy studies by light and electron microscopy revealed minimal or absent renal lesions, and renal vein obstruction was excluded by angiographic examinations. In two cases development and remission of nephrotic syndrome was closely related to the course of Hodgkin's disease, which in one patient both conditions remained unrelieved. The close time relationship observed in these patients, as well as in similar cases previously reported, suggests that these two conditions when associated may share a common pathogenetic mechanism.
PLASMA TURNOVER OF METHYLDOPA IN ADVANCED RENAL FAILURE
Authors: Myhre Erik , Brodwall E. K. , Stenbæk Ø. , Hansen T.
Published: November 2020

Methyldopa is one of the most useful drugs for treatment of hypertension in patients with reduced renal function. Few data are available on the metabolism of this drug in renal failure, therefore the plasma turnover rate has been determined in 8 patients with advanced renal failure and 11 cases with essential hypertension with no or only slightly reduced renal function. In both groups of patients a biphasic plasma elimination first was obtained after i.v. injection of the drug. The first, and quantitatively most important, part of the curve showed a half‐life of 3.6 hours in advanced renal failure compared to 1.7 in essential hypertension. A fairly good correlation was demonstrated between the half‐life of the drug in plasma according to the initial disappearance rate and the endogenous creatinine clearance. In patients with renal failure only 50–60% of the drug injected was eliminated during the initial phase, the remainder disappeared even more slowly. The slow, second phase of the elimination curve was also exponential with a slope corresponding to a T/2 of 7–16 hours. In patients with a drug was nearly normal renal function about 95% of the drug was eliminated during the rapid, initial phase. Our findings are in good agreement with the drug accumulation occurring in renal failure.
DRUG‐INDUCED MALABSORPTION OF VITAMIN B12
Authors: Palva I. P. , Salokannel S. J. , Timonen T. , Palva H. L. A.
Published: November 2020

In a series of 60 patients on KCl treatment the Schilling test was abnormal (below 5%) in 12%, slightly reduced (5 to 10%) in 18% and normal (above 10%) in 70%. Radiotelemetric measurement of the ileal pH in 21 partients showed an acidification of the ileal contents to be the mechanism of the B12 malabsorption found. In 10 patients with an ileal pH of 6 or below, the Schilling test was on average 7.8%. and in those 11 with a pH levels of corresponding figure was 13.4%. The serum levels of vitamin B12 in 17 heart patients taking KCl over a period of 6 to 24 months were, however, not significantly lower than those of the control group. Potassium chloride induces malabsorption of vitamin B12 in some patients, but in rare instances is the regular potassium supplementation of long enough duration to be the only factor causing the deficiency state of B12.
SULFONAMIDE HEPATITIS
Authors: Konttinen Aarne , Peräsalo Juhani O. S. , Eisalo Antti
Published: November 2020

Two cases of hepatitis induced by sulfonamides are described. The causative relationship was verified by the administration of a test dose. The administration caused in both cases a prompt appearance of clinical reaction followed by a rise of serum bilirubin and enzyme activities, which subsided within 10 days.
COMPARISON BETWEEN ALPRENOLOL AND CHLORTHALIDONE AS ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS
Authors: Bengtsson Calle
Published: November 2020

A double‐blind cross‐over study comparing alprenolol 100 mg × 4 with chlorthalidone 50 mg × 1 has been performed on 40 subjects. Throughout the study 1.5 g potassium chloride was given daily. In the dosages given both alprenolol and chlorthalidone caused a significant reduction of the BP. Chlorthalidone reduced the BP significantly more than alprenolol. Follow‐up studies showed that the effect of alprenolol on the BP increased when the dosage was doubled. In spite of the potassium substitution chlorthalidone reduced serum potassium significantly, while no change was found with alprenolol. There was a significant increase in serum uric acid with both alprenolol and chlorthalidone, being significantly more pronounced with chlorthalidone. Subjective side‐effects were few and transient both with alprenolol and chlorthalidone.
THE EFFECT OF DIGITALIS ON THE HEART RATE DURING EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Åberg Hans , Ström Gunnar , Werner Ivar
Published: November 2020

Twenty‐eight clinically compensated cardiac patients with atrial fibrillation have been investigated with the graded exercise test. Twenty‐four patients had one test with a lower dose of digitalis and one with a higher dose, both dose rates being within the therapeutic range. Four patients performed one exercise test with and one without digitalis. The heart (ventricular) rate attained at a given exercise load was significantly lower (with a difference of 5–25 beats/min at the different loads) with the higher dose. This was interpreted as a beneficial effect on working capacity. The individual beat‐to‐beat variability of heart rate was not influenced. The beneficial effect of an increase in digitalis dose thus seems to depend on a decrease in average ventricular rate during exercise and not on a decreased degree of arrhythmia.
THE HAEMODYNAMIC EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF LEVODOPA
Authors: Moorthy Sreenivasa , Grendahl Helge , Andersen Anders , Müller Carsten
Published: November 2020

Levodopa has been given in a dose of 100 to 200 mg into the pulmonary artery of eight patients with heart disease undergoing routine catheterization studies. The cardiac rate, the systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, the cardiac output, the stroke volume and peripheral resistance were calculated. Tachycardia was found in all patients. Ventricular premature contractions were seen in two patients. An initial fall followed by a rise in systemic arterial pressures; rise in cardiac output, rise in stroke volume, and fall in peripheral resistance were observed in the majority of patients. Nausea was the commonest side‐effect.
CLINICAL VALUE OF KETONE BODY DETERMINATIONS IN BRITTLE DIABETES
Authors: Rooth Gösta
Published: November 2020

The first part of this study is a clinical investigation on the value of concomitant measurements of blood glucose and the ketone bodies for the improvement of control in 35 patients with brittle diabetes. Three groups are identified: 1) The keto resistant patient in whom only the blood glucose measurements are of value. 2) A group in whom about equally valuable information is obtained from blood glucose and the ketosis. 3) The Poulsen‐Somogyi reactors in whom both blood glucose and ketonaemia should be analysed. The level of ketosis may be judged from blood 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3‐HB) and acetoacetate (AcAc) or from breath acetone, although the latter does not change as fast as the metabolized 3‐HB and AcAc. The changes in the urinary concentrations of 3‐HB and AcAc are almost as rapid as those in the blood, and after insulin a decrease in these urinary concentrations is often seen before the blood glucose begins to decrease. The second part of the study shows the positive correlations between the increase in blood glucose above 200 mg/100 ml of blood and blood 3‐HB and AcAc and the decrease in the ratio blood 3‐HB/AcAc with decreasing blood glucose. Preliminary data are also given on the decrement of blood 3‐HB and AcAc with time, indicating an initial slower phase and a second faster one. The daily blood lactate changes were greater than expected. Initially they were parallel to the blood 3‐HB and AcAc variations. Once blood glucose concentration also fell the lactate increased a mean of 1.9 mEq/1.
DIURNAL VARIATIONS IN BLOOD GLUCOSE, 3‐HYDROXYBUTYRATE, ACETOACETATE, PLASMA FREE FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL IN DIABETICS
Authors: Rooth G. , Carlström S.
Published: November 2020

24‐hour studies of the changes of blood glucose, 3‐HB, AcAc, plasma FFA and glycerol have been made in five diabetics on long‐acting insulin and 10‐hour studies in two patients receiving short‐acting insulin. The reduction in the concentration of 3‐HB, FFA and glycerol preceded that of glucose. AcAc initially increased after the administration of insulin. The reappearance of ketonaemia is preceded by an increase in plasma FFA and glycerol by 3 to 4 hours. One patient who was ketoresistant showed no significant increase in plasma FFA or glycerol concentration either during hyper‐ or hypoglycaemia.
Efficacy of zinc salts to protect glass against atmospheric alteration. Part I: Effects of a spraying treatment
Authors: Alloteau Fanny , Majérus Odile , Valbi Valentina , Biron Isabelle , Lehuédé Patrice , Caurant Daniel , Lefèvre Grégory , Seyeux Antoine
Published: November 2020

Following an industrial process to protect manufactured glass windows against atmospheric corrosion during their storage and transport, this research is focused on the possibility that a surface deposit of a small amount of zinc salts may efficiently reduce the atmospheric alteration kinetics of ancient glasses (soda, potash, and mixed alkali silicates). To this end, the chemical action of zinc salts was investigated by means of aging experiments (with temperature and relative humidity (RH) control) on three glass models, of which compositions are representative of the cultural heritage. When the treatment was performed on pristine glass (about 1 μg/cm2 of deposited Zn2+ ions), treated glass plates developed a significantly thinner hydrated layer than the untreated ones at 80°C or at 40°C (85 RH%). The formation of alkali and Ca‐carbonates salts on the surface was also considerably reduced. The state of the glass surface undergoing the Zn treatment and the temperature of the treatment seem critical regarding the efficacy of the protection.
Attachment and migration of cells on porous bone graft
Authors: Chang Hao‐Yu , Chen Ying‐Cen , Tuan Wei‐Hsing , Wu Chia‐Jung , Lai Po‐Liang
Published: November 2020

Porous bone graft is prepared using a gel‐foaming and sintering technique. The porosity of the bone graft is 70 vol%; the size of pores is around 130 µm. The pores are interconnected through opening of around 40 µm. The interactions between preosteoblast cells and the bone graft are then investigated. Although the pores are interconnected, most the cells are attached to the surface of bone graft. Only a few cells migrate into the cross‐section within a time span of 28 days. Such observation provides key information on pore structure design of bone graft.
A pilot study of enhanced operation fit: The feasibility of a camp‐based health intervention for ethnically diverse families of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Sanner Catherine M. , Neece Cameron L. , Herbozo Sylvia , Baum Marti F.
Published: November 2020

Background

Obesity rates are higher in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (DD) compared to typically developing (TD) children. In TD children, family‐based (FB) interventions for obesity are the most effective interventions. Research addressing obesity interventions for children with IDD is limited.

Method

We adapted a community‐based obesity intervention created for TD children for children with IDD and added a parent education component. The current study examined the feasibility of Enhanced‐Operation Fit, a camp‐based intervention created in order to reduce weight, and improve health behavior outcomes. Participants were 16 children (68.8% male; Mage = 13.15, SDage = 1.62) and their parents.

Results

Results indicated that incorporating a daily parent education group limited recruitment potential, but showed promising preliminary improvements in parent feeding and child eating behaviors.

Conclusions

Health interventions for children with IDD are greatly needed and the current study may be a cost and time‐efficient intervention to help address this public health crisis.
Manna from Heaven for Judges: Judges’ Reaction to a Quasi‐Random Reduction in Caseload
Authors: Engel Christoph , Weinshall Keren
Published: November 2020

What is the impact of caseload on judicial decision making? Is increasing judicial staff effective in improving judicial services? To address these questions, we exploit a natural, near‐randomized experiment in the Israeli judiciary. In 2012, six senior registrars were appointed in two of the six magistrate's court districts. The choice of districts was motivated by reasons unrelated to judicial performance. In these two districts, the civil caseload per judge was substantially reduced. We find that the reduction had a significant impact on the process and outcomes of judicial decision making. Judges working in courts with reduced caseload invested more resources in resolving each case. The effect is mostly to the advantage of plaintiffs, who were more likely to win, recover a larger fraction of their claims, and be reimbursed for litigation costs. We discuss the implications for judicial management and theories about judicial decision making.
Review of inflammation in fish and value of the zebrafish model
Authors: Campos‐Sánchez Jose Carlos , Esteban María Ángeles
Published: November 2020

Inflammation is a crucial step in the development of chronic diseases in humans. Understanding the inflammation environment and its intrinsic mechanisms when it is produced by harmful stimuli may be a key element in the development of human disease diagnosis. In recent decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio)have been widely used in research, due to their exceptional characteristics, as a model of various human diseases. Interestingly, the mediators released during the inflammatory response of both the immune system and nervous system, after its integration in the hypothalamus, could also facilitate the detection of injury through the register of behavioural changes in the fish. Although there are many studies that give well‐defined information separately on such elements as the recruitment of cells, the release of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediators or the type of neurotransmitters released against different triggers, to the best of our knowledge there are no reviews that put all this knowledge together. In the present review, the main available information on inflammation in zebrafish is presented in order to facilitate knowledge about this important process of innate immunity, as well as the stress responses and behavioural changes derived from it.
Optical comparison between micro‐CT and OCT in imaging of marginal composite adaptation: Observational study
Authors: Bakhsh Turki A.
Published: November 2020

Dental composite is the most used aesthetic restorative biomaterial worldwide. However, it undergoes polymerisation shrinkage that could lead to loss of the interfacial seal between tooth and resin in some circumstances. This demands high‐resolution imaging technologies to detect these defects. This study carried out a comparison between microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT; Shimadzu, Japan) and swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT; Santec, Japan) in the detection of marginal adaptation defects at the tooth‐resin interface. Unlike in micro‐CT, it was possible to outline interfacial gaps along with tooth‐resin interfaces with SS‐OCT, which was attributed to the Fresnel diffraction of light. This in vitro comparison demonstrates SS‐OCT has great potential in dental imaging to effectively assess dental composite adaptation and marginal defects when high resolution is desired in real time.

Lay Description

Detection of tooth‐colored restoration defects had been assessed by different radiographic methods. However, most of these methods are either invasive or suffer from low‐resolution. In this study, a comparison has been carried out between two different high‐resolution imaging systems; microcomputed tomography and optical coherence tomography, to explore their potentials in detecting restorations defects.

The results showed optical coherence tomography has a great accuracy in locating the underlying defects when the obtained images were validated against confocal laser scanning microscopy images.
Protection from neuropathy in extreme duration type 1 diabetes
Authors: Azmi Shazli , Ferdousi Maryam , Kalteniece Alise , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Ponirakis Georgios , Alam Uazman , Asghar Omar , Marshall Andrew , Sankar Adhithya , Boulton Andrew J. M. , Soran Handrean , Efron Nathan , Malik Rayaz A.
Published: November 2020

A proportion of individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus for more than 50 years (medallists) may be protected from developing nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. Detailed neuropathy phenotyping was undertaken in a cohort of 33 medallists aged 63.7 ± 1.4 years with diabetes for 58.5 ± 0.8 years and HbA1c of 65.9 ± 2.1 mmol/mmol. Medallists had a significantly higher HbA1c (P < .001), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P = .005) and higher albumin creatinine excretion ratio (ACR) (P = .01), but a lower total cholesterol (P < .001), triacylglycerols (P = .001), low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (P < .001) and higher high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (P = .03), compared to controls. Twenty‐four percent of participants were identified as “escapers” without confirmed diabetic neuropathy. They had a lower neuropathy symptom profile (P = .002), vibration perception threshold (P = .02), warm threshold (P = .05), higher peroneal amplitude (P = .005), nerve conduction velocity (P = .03), heart rate variability (P = .001), corneal nerve fibre density (P = 0.001), branch density (P < .001) and length (P = .001), compared to medallists with diabetic neuropathy. Escapers had a shorter duration of diabetes (P = .006), lower alcohol consumption (P = .04), lower total cholesterol (P = .04) and LDL (P = .02), higher eGFR (P = .001) and lower ACR (P < .001). Patients with extreme duration diabetes without diabetic neuropathy have a comparable HbA1c, blood pressure and body mass index, but a more favourable lipid profile and consume less alcohol compared to those with diabetic neuropathy.
Association between changes in urine output and successful indomethacin treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates
Authors: Louis Deepak , Dey Arjun , Jain Amish
Published: November 2020

Aim

To investigate the relationship between changes in urine output during indomethacin treatment and ductal closure in preterm neonates.

Methods

It is a retrospective study in neonates ≤32 weeks who had received two courses of indomethacin for PDA treatment over a 5‐year period. Indomethacin courses with pre‐ and post‐echocardiography confirmation of PDA status were included. Various urine output indices were collected and compared between successful versus unsuccessful indomethacin courses. Indomethacin treatment success was defined as: (i) where PDA closed or became haemodynamically insignificant (hisPDA) after treatment and (ii) only including neonates where PDA had complete closure after treatment. ROC analysis was performed to examine predictive ability of urine output during indomethacin for treatment success.

Results

One hundred and eight indomethacin courses (first course: 52, second course: 56) in 80 neonates were included. The mean gestational age and birthweight were 25.4 ± 1.3 weeks and 762 ± 165 g, respectively. Irrespective of the definition used, there was no significant differences seen in any of urine output parameters between groups, except for a higher urine output during indomethacin associated with complete PDA closure (3.6 ± 1.3 vs. 3.0 ± 1.0 mL/kg/h, P = 0.02). The incidence of significant oliguria, hyponatraemia and need to withhold/delay indomethacin doses were also similar across groups.

Conclusion

Urine output was not a useful predictor of ductal response to indomethacin treatment in preterm neonates.
Amorphophallus caudatus (Thomsonieae, Araceae), a new species from Camarines Norte, Luzon island, the Philippines
Authors: Bustamante Rene Alfred Anton , Mansibang Jayson A. , Hetterscheid Wilbert L. A. , Tamayo Maverick N.
Published: November 2020

A new species of Amorphophallus is described and illustrated here, from the province of Camarines Norte, Luzon island, the Philippines. The new species, A. caudatus, is morphologically close to A. luzoniensis in having a verruculose spadix, a similar spathe shape, and similar size of the ovary. However, the new species is distinct by its larger leaves, a longer peduncle, a longer and wider spathe, an inflated, verruculose spadix which strongly narrows to the caudate upper half, a fusiform ovary, and a shorter style with a shallowly 2–3‐lobed stigma. The peculiar shape of the spadix with its verruculose inflated base and caudate upper half is unique amongst Philippine Amorphophallus species.
A novel nutritional risk score and prognosis of oral cancer patients: A prospective study
Authors: Chen Qing , Fan Yi , Li Yanni , Wang Jing , Chen Lin , Lin Jing , Chen Fa , Wang Jing , Qiu Yu , Shi Bin , Pan Lizhen , Lin Lisong , He Baochang , Liu Fengqiong
Published: November 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the prognostic performance of a novel nutritional risk score based on serum iron, hemoglobin, and body mass index (BMI) in oral cancer patients, and to predict the response to chemotherapy in patients with different nutritional status.

Methods

X‐tile analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff values of serum iron, hemoglobin, and BMI. A nutritional risk score was established by using the HR values of serum iron, hemoglobin, and BMI. Kaplan–Meier curve and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the nutritional risk score in overall survival (OS) and oral cancer‐specific survival (OCSS).

Results

Serum iron, hemoglobin, and body mass index were all inversely related to the prognosis of oral cancer. The adjusted HR of serum iron, hemoglobin, and BMI were 1.562, 1.886, and 1.465 for OS, and 1.653, 1.865, and 1.443 for OCSS. Patients with higher nutritional risk score had a poorer OS and OCSS. Additionally, chemotherapy was only associated with improved OCSS in patients with the lowest nutritional risk score, but not in patients with higher one.

Conclusions

Nutritional risk score is of prognostic value in oral cancer patients. Favorable response to chemotherapy may only be observed in well‐nourished oral cancer patients with lower nutritional risk score.
Anaphylaxis in children
Authors: Tanno Luciana Kase , Demoly Pascal
Published: November 2020

Anaphylaxis in children is a potential acute life‐threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Anaphylaxis fatality rate is estimated to be 0.65% to 2%. Food is the main anaphylaxis trigger in children, notably cow's milk, peanuts, and tree nuts. Mucocutaneous manifestations are observed in more than 90% of cases, but it is not essential for diagnosis. Deaths are rather secondary to the laryngeal edema, observed in 40%‐50% of cases. Personal history of asthma, allergy to particular foods such as peanuts and tree nuts, and adolescence are known risk factors for anaphylaxis and more severe reactions. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is the medication of choice for the first‐aid treatment of anaphylaxis. However, adrenaline auto‐injectors (AAIs) are commercially available in only 32% of world countries. There are still considerable unmet needs in the field of anaphylaxis in children. Therefore, the Montpellier WHO Collaborating Centre aims to start the global action plan applied to anaphylaxis.
The Real Effects of Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in China
Authors: Lu Tong , Sivaramakrishnan Konduru , Wang Yanyan , Yu Lisheng
Published: November 2020

We investigate the real effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting regulation enacted in China in 2008 covering both state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) and non‐state‐owned enterprises (NSOEs). As the CSR reporting requirement applies only to select firms, the regulation presents a unique setting that provides us with a suitable control sample of firms not subject to the regulation. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach, we document that relative to firms that are not affected by the regulation, NSOEs and SOEs with low state ownership subject to the mandate are associated with increases in CSR expenditures. Moreover, the real effects manifest in non‐core initiatives for these firms, whereas they manifest in core operating activities for SOEs with high state ownership. Finally, the effects of the mandatory CSR reporting on profitability and shareholder value are negative.
Soybean transporter database: A comprehensive database for identification and exploration of natural variants in soybean transporter genes
Authors: Deshmukh Rupesh , Rana Nitika , Liu Yang , Zeng Shuai , Agarwal Gaurav , Sonah Humira , Varshney Rajeev , Joshi Trupti , Patil Gunvant B. , Nguyen Henry T.
Published: November 2020

Transporters, a class of membrane proteins that facilitate exchange of solutes including diverse molecules and ions across the cellular membrane, are vital component for the survival of all organisms. Understanding plant transporters is important to get insight of the basic cellular processes, physiology, and molecular mechanisms including nutrient uptake, signaling, response to external stress, and many more. In this regard, extensive analysis of transporters predicted in soybean and other plant species was performed. In addition, an integrated database for soybean transporter protein, SoyTD, was developed that will facilitate the identification, classification, and extensive characterization of transporter proteins by integrating expression, gene ontology, conserved domain and motifs, gene structure organization, and chromosomal distribution features. A comprehensive analysis was performed to identify highly confident transporters by integrating various prediction tools. Initially, 7541 transmembrane (TM) proteins were predicted in the soybean genome; out of these, 3306 non‐redundant transporter genes carrying two or more transmembrane domains were selected for further analysis. The identified transporter genes were classified according to a standard transporter classification (TC) system. Comparative analysis of transporter genes among 47 plant genomes provided insights into expansion and duplication of transporter genes in land plants. The whole genome resequencing (WGRS) and tissue‐specific transcriptome datasets of soybean were integrated to investigate the natural variants and expression profile associated with transporter(s) of interest. Overall, SoyTD provides a comprehensive interface to study genetic and molecular function of soybean transporters. SoyTD is publicly available at http://artemis.cyverse.org/soykb_dev/SoyTD/.
The genomic full‐length sequence of the HLA‐B*15:198 allele, identified by full‐length group‐specific sequencing
Authors: Zhu Yuli , Jiao Shuxian , An Run , Pang Shutao
Published: November 2020

The genomic full‐length sequence of HLA‐B*15:198 was identified by a group‐specific sequencing approach from China.
The genomic full‐length characterization of HLA‐C*07:166 shows it was likely generated by a recombination event
Authors: Balas Antonio , Moreno‐Hidalgo Miguel Á. , Alenda Raquel , García‐Sánchez Félix , Vicario José L.
Published: November 2020

Complete genomic characterization of HLA‐C*07:166.
A modified silent substitution electroretinography protocol to separate photoreceptor subclass function in lightly sedated dogs
Authors: Wise E. N. , Foster M. L. , Kremers J. , Mowat F. M.
Published: November 2020

Objective

A previously published study successfully isolated photoreceptor responses from canine rods, long/medium‐wavelength (L/M) cones, and short‐wavelength (S) cones using silent substitution electroretinography (ERG) performed under general anesthesia. We hypothesized that responses would be similar in dogs under sedation and that a curtailed protocol suitable for use in clinical patients could effectively isolate responses from all three photoreceptor subtypes.

Animals studied

Three normal adult purpose‐bred beagles (2 females and 1 male).

Methods

Dogs were dark‐adapted for 1 hour. Sine wave color stimuli were delivered using LEDs in a Ganzfeld dome. The ERG protocol under anesthesia was performed as previously published; sedated ERG protocols were performed after a 3‐day washout period. Intravenous sedation (dexmedetomidine 1.25 mcg/kg, butorphanol 0.1 mg/kg) was administered for sedation. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA and linear regression.

Results

In both anesthetized and sedated animals, rod‐derived responses peaked at low frequency (4‐12 Hz), L/M‐cone responses peaked at high frequency (32‐38 Hz), and S‐cone responses peaked at low frequency (4‐12 Hz). The frequencies eliciting maximal responses were similar in sedated and anesthetized protocols, although rod amplitudes were significantly higher in the sedated protocols compared with anesthetized (P < .001).

Conclusion

We present a clinically applicable method to consistently isolate rod and cone subclass function in sedated dogs. This may allow detailed evaluation of photoreceptor function in clinical patients with rod or cone subclass deficits without the need for general anesthesia or protracted adaptation times.
The urethra of healthy female dogs can be normally narrowed due to the urethral flexure in retrograde CT urethrography
Authors: Kang Kyuyong , Kim Kyeonga , So Jaebeom , Lee Jieun , Jang Yongseok , Choi Jeongwoo , Choi Mincheol , Yoon Junghee
Published: November 2020

Quantitative analysis of urethral size in male dogs by retrograde CT urethrography using a power injector is a recently reported technique. The aim of the current, prospective, analytical study was to apply the same method to six, healthy, intact female Beagle dogs. The proximal (P < .0001) and middle (P = .0010) urethral volumes significantly differed between the empty and distended bladder states, although no significant difference was observed in the distal volume (P = .0971). Unlike male dogs, female dogs showed two patterns of the urethral course: a straight urethra and urethral flexure. The urethral flexure was always related to intrapelvic position of the urinary bladder, and the more caudal the location of the vesicourethral junction beyond the pecten of the pubic bone, the more marked the appearance of the urethral flexure. Analysis of the urethral diameter at five sites (adopted from the previous radiographic study) was performed, and the urethral diameter showed a significant difference between the empty and the distended bladder states at sites 1 (vesicourethral junction, P < .0001), 2 (P < .0001), and 3 (P = .0244). However, there were no significant differences at sites 4 (P = .2516) and 5 (inflatable retention bulb, P = .1260). The urinary bladder may be in part intrapelvically located in clinically healthy female dogs, and urethral flexure and urethral narrowing can result from the intrapelvic location of the bladder. Narrowing of the urethra should be interpreted with caution when the pelvic bladder is identified.
Anal sacculiths may be an incidental finding in dogs
Authors: Heng Hock Gan , Lim Chee Kin , Fulkerson Caroline V. , Fulkerson Christopher M. , Weng Hsin‐Yi
Published: November 2020

Mineral‐attenuating material is occasionally seen in the anal sacs of dogs during abdominal CT studies. This retrospective, descriptive study was performed to estimate the prevalence and CT appearance of this mineral‐attenuating material. A total of 357 abdominal CTs were reviewed retrospectively. The mineral‐attenuating material was most easily identifiable using the brain window setting (window width: 120 HU; window level: 40 HU). In the current study, the prevalence of mineral‐attenuating material in the anal sacs was 7.6% (95% confidence interval, 5.0‐10.8%) with 48.1% bilateral involvement and equal distribution in the right and left in dogs with unilateral involvement. Successful collection and material analysis were performed in three dogs. The material was determined to be 100% dried blood, 100% waxy matter, and a “small amount of fat enmeshed in unidentified noncrystallined material.” Given the CT appearance and the Hounsfield unit of these mineral‐attenuating material within the anal sacs, the term “anal sacculiths” is proposed. All dogs with anal sacculiths within this study population did not have any reported disease of the anal sacs.
Shape Accuracy and Surface Quality of Additively Manufactured, Optimized, Patient-Specific Bone Plates
Authors: Seebach Michael , Fritz Christian , Kerschreiter Johanna , Zaeh Michael Friedrich
Published: November 2020

Powder-based additive manufacturing technologies such as powder bed fusion (PBF) using a laser beam (PBF-LB) and PBF using an electron beam (PBF-EB) allow the manufacturing of complex, patient-specific implants from titanium alloys at appropriate manufacturing expenses and thus production cost. To meet medical quality requirements, mechanical post-treatment (e.g., grinding and polishing) is often required. However, different medical applications require specific quality characteristics. It is therefore necessary to assess the fulfillment of the requirements for each case individually with regard to the manufacturing technologies. This study investigated the potential of the two mentioned additive manufacturing technologies for manufacturing patient-specific, topology-optimized bone plates that are used for osteosynthesis (the joining of bone segments) in the reconstruction of the mandible (lower jaw). Identical individualized implants were manufactured and subsequently treated with established industrial processes and examined according to medical quality requirements. Crucial quality requirements for this medical application are the shape accuracy (for exact bone positioning and even load transmission) as well as the surface quality (to enhance fatigue strength and prevent bone ingrowth in view of the subsequent easy removal of the plates). The machining of the implants is shown in comparison to distinguish the two manufacturing processes from established procedures.
Nonenzymatic post-translational modifications in peptides by cold plasma-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
Authors: Wenske Sebastian , Lackmann Jan-Wilm , Bekeschus Sander , Weltmann Klaus-Dieter , von Woedtke Thomas , Wende Kristian
Published: November 2020

Cold physical plasmas are emerging tools for wound care and cancer control that deliver reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). Alongside direct effects on cellular signaling processes, covalent modification of biomolecules may contribute to the observed physiological consequences. The potential of ROS/RNS generated by two different plasma sources (kINPen and COST-Jet) to introduce post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the peptides angiotensin and bradykinin was explored. While the peptide backbone was kept intact, a significant introduction of oxidative PTMs was observed. The modifications cluster at aromatic (tyrosine, histidine, and phenylalanine) and neutral amino acids (isoleucine and proline) with the introduction of one, two, or three oxygen atoms, ring cleavages of histidine and tryptophan, and nitration/nitrosylation predominantly observed. Alkaline and acidic amino acid (arginine and aspartic acid) residues showed a high resilience, indicating that local charges and the chemical environment at large modulate the attack of the electron-rich ROS/RNS. Previously published simulations, which include only OH radicals as ROS, do not match the experimental results in full, suggesting the contribution of other short-lived species, i.e., atomic oxygen, singlet oxygen, and peroxynitrite. The observed PTMs are relevant for the biological activity of peptides and proteins, changing polarity, folding, and function. In conclusion, it can be assumed that an introduction of covalent oxidative modifications at the amino acid chain level occurs during a plasma treatment. The introduced changes, in part, mimic naturally occurring patterns that can be interpreted by the cell, and subsequently, these PTMs allow for prolonged secondary effects on cell physiology.
Low-Back Pain and Knee Position–Related Differences on Postural Control Measures During a One-Legged Stance in Athletes
Authors: Nowotny Alexandre H. , Calderon Mariane Guizeline , Alves Bruno Mazziotti O. , de Oliveira Marcio R. , Andraus Rodrigo A. de Carvalho , Aguiar Andreo F. , Amorim Cesar F. , Leonard Guillaume , da Silva Rubens A.
Published: November 2020

Context: Chronic low-back pain (CLBP) may be associated with changes in postural balance in athletes as poor postural control during sports practice. Objective: To compare the postural control of athletes with and without CLBP during 2 one-legged stance tasks and identify the center of pressure (COP) cutoff values to determine the main differences. Designed: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Laboratory of functional evaluation and human motor performance. Participants: A total of 56 male athletes, 28 with and 28 without CLBP (mean age = 26 y). Intervention: The one-legged stance with knee extension and with the knee at 30° flexion tasks were measured and analyzed on a force platform. The participants completed three 30-second trials (30 s of rest between each trial). Main Outcome Measures: The COP parameters: the area of COP, mean COP sway velocity in both the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions, and total COP displacement were computed, and a receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was applied to determine the group differences. Results: Athletes with CLBP had poorer postural control (P < .01) in both tasks. The 30° knee flexion reported more postural instability than the knee extension for all COP parameters (a large effect size d = 0.80).The knee extension cutoffs identified were >7.1 cm2 for the COP area, >2.6 cm/s for the COP sway velocity in the anterior-posterior direction, and >3.2 cm/s for the mediolateral direction. Whereas, the 30° knee flexion cutoffs were >10.9 cm2 for the COP area, >2.9 cm/s for the COP sway velocity in the anterior-posterior direction, and >4.1 cm/s for the mediolateral direction. Both measures showed enough sensitivity and specificity (ie, area under the curve = 0.88 in and 0.80, respectively) to discriminate both groups. Conclusions: The athletes with CLBP had poorer postural control than the healthy athletes and obtained specific cutoff scores from the COP values.