bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collective Action For Rural Development Insights From Chimanimani Rural District Of Zimbabwe
Authors: Marango Timothy , Chitongo Leonard , Musarandega Happwell
Published: February 2025

Despite considerable financial investments made since independence in 1980 to achieve rural development, there is not much tangible improvement in the lives and livelihoods of individuals, families and communities in Zimbabwe. The crux of the matter is lack of collective community action. Community collective action is a crucial social capital that can stir rural development. We argue that collective action has a huge potential to achieve sustainable people-centred development. The study adopts a case study approach, analysing the role played by community collective action in rural development in Chimanimani Rural District (CRD), Zimbabwe. A sample of 220 respondents were conveniently selected. Likert scale data was randomly collected from five out of 23 wards of the CRD. A descriptive data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. Emerging from the study, failure to invest appropriately in efforts designed to strengthen community collective action appears to be the missing link in rural development in African communities, including the CDR. The study concluded that community collective action is the major factor influencing rural development. It is a resilience builder that promotes trust among inhabitants of a community. The study recommends that development  planners, scholars and policy-makers should go back to the drawing board and consider community collective action as a resilience strategy in development.
Status prawny mediów spersonalizowanych
Authors:   Zakład Systemów Prasowych i Prawa Prasowego, WNPiD UAM, Skrzypczak Jędrzej
Published: February 2025

Rewolucja technologiczna wywiera ogromny wpływ na sposób funkcjonowania rynku medialnego, ale także na regulacje prawne w tym obszarze. Rozwój medialnych technologii cyfrowych doprowadził do stworzenia wielu nowych kategorii przekazów i modyfikacji tradycyjnych schematów komunikowania. Jednym z najciekawszych przykładów tych zjawisk są tzw. media spersonalizowane. Status prawny mediów spersonalizowanych może budzić spore wątpliwości, tym bardziej że odnosi się do wielu płaszczyzn regulacyjnych i rozmaitych instytucji prawnych. Artykuł próbuje rozstrzygnąć jak należy – z punktu widzenia obowiązującego prawa – kwalifikować taki rodzaj przekazów.
Ochrona prywatności w audiowizualnych usługach medialnych na żądanie
Authors:   Narodowy Instytut Audiowizualny, Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

Medium, jakim jest Internet, pozwala na świadczenie audiowizualnych usług medialnych na żądanie w zakresie, w którym nie było to możliwe wcześniej z powodu ograniczeń technologicznych. Tak zróżnicowane usługi podlegają różnym rygorom prawnym. Podstawą tych różnic jest zakres odpowiedzialności za przekazywane treści. Sam nośnik informacji, za pomocą którego przekazywane są treści nie może stanowić decydującego kryterium dokonania oceny czy odpowiedzialność związana ze świadczeniem danego typu usługi mieści się w granicach systemu prawa medialnego, czy też jest z niego wyłączona. Artykuł prezentuje zagadnienie różnic regulacyjnych usług na żądanie z uwzględnieniem ochrony jednej z podstawowych wartości, jaką jest prawo do prywatności.
Zasadność wnoszenia opłat za rezerwację częstotliwości dla operatora multipleksu w okresie przed przyznaniem koncesji na rozpowszechnianie programów
Authors: Salbert Artur , Żochowska-Sychowicz Anna
Published: February 2025

Rozpoczęcie rozpowszechniania programów telewizyjnych w multipleksie jest uzależnione od uzyskania rezerwacji częstotliwości przez operatora multipleksu oraz koncesji przez nadawców programów. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przeprowadzenie analizy w sprawie możliwości zastosowania wykładni, zgodnie z którą opłaty za rezerwację częstotliwości powinny być wnoszone dopiero od momentu, gdy częstotliwość faktycznie będzie mogła być wykorzystywana przez operatora multipleksu do rozpowszechniania programów oraz ocena zgodności rozwiązania przyjętego w przepisach o wnoszeniu opłat za częstotliwości z Konstytucją na wypadek negatywnych wyników takiej wykładni.
L’union de fait, la provision pour frais et l’accès à la justice
Authors: Leckey Robert
Published: February 2025

Dans les litiges en matière « familiale », une partie n’ayant pas les moyens de prendre part aux procédures peut demander une provision pour frais à la partie adverse. Ce dispositif favorise l’accès à la justice. Selon la Cour d’appel du Québec, la provision pour frais n’est pas disponible dans le contexte d’une réclamation pécuniaire entre d’anciens conjoints de fait, puisque c’est alors une matière purement « civile ». La règle du Code de procédure civile relative à ce sujet mérite d’être réévaluée. L’interprétation qui exclut les conjoints de fait omet plusieurs considérations pertinentes pour l’interprétation des lois : la nouveauté textuelle de la disposition en question, l’objectif de faciliter l’accès à la justice et la mise en cohérence du droit procédural avec le droit substantiel, déjà adapté par les tribunaux pour les conjoints de fait. Au surplus, cette interprétation restrictive est de nature à engendrer une discrimination injustifiée à l’encontre des conjoints de fait.
L’extradition, la courtoisie internationale et la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés
Authors: Boussaffara Mustapha
Published: February 2025

La courtoisie internationale revêt une importance capitale dans le droit canadien de l’extradition. Non seulement elle constitue le fondement même de ce droit, mais elle sert également de principe d’interprétation constitutionnel empêchant l’application extraterritoriale de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés en matière d’extradition. L’objectif principal de cet article est de démontrer que la courtoisie internationale ne peut en aucun cas constituer un obstacle à cette application. Pour y parvenir, il est d’abord nécessaire de démystifier la notion de courtoisie internationale. C’est que, malgré son importance, la signification et les origines réelles de cette notion n’ont jamais été définitivement élucidées. Nous montrerons que cette notion n’est rien d’autre que la doctrine américaine de la « comity » et que c’est par une utilisation maladroite de cette doctrine que la jurisprudence en est arrivée à la conclusion que la courtoisie internationale constitue un obstacle à l’application extraterritoriale de la Charte en matière d’extradition.
Comment la common law et le droit codifié sont-ils devenus deux modèles juridiques antagonistes ?
Authors: Soleil Sylvain
Published: February 2025

Le droit comparé a habitué les juristes à l’opposition entre systèmes de common law et systèmes de droit codifié. Mais d’où vient cet antagonisme qui conduit à opposer de façon exagérée chaque trait d’identité de chacun de ces deux systèmes juridiques ? Le présent article, qui condense plusieurs années de recherche, insiste sur la période 1820-1835. Aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni, une longue et violente controverse embrase alors les milieux politiques et les professions juridiques autour d’une question redoutable : faut-il abroger le système de common law au profit de la codification ? Ce qui, du fait de la dynamique même de la controverse, a creusé un abîme infranchissable entre les partisans de l’un et l’autre camps ; ainsi, deux armées et deux ensembles d’argumentaires ont favorisé l’antagonisme entre deux systèmes dont la doctrine contemporaine a hérité.
Optimizing growth and pigment content of promising green microalgae and application of living microalgal cells as a sole practical diet for white shrimp larvae
Authors: Khumngern Thidaporn , Cheirsilp Benjamas , Maneechote Wageeporn , Srinuanpan Sirasit
Published: February 2025

Microalgae are promising feed sources for aquaculture species as they contain high levels of pigments, which can help develop proper coloration. This study aimed to economically produce living microalgal cells and apply them as practical diets for white shrimp larvae. Among the strains screened, a halotolerant Chlorella sp. SHP isolated from shrimp culture pond was selected, as it contains the highest chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of 11.14 ± 1.15 and 4.89 ± 0.21 mg/g-cell, respectively. To reduce production costs, cheap fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) was utilized as a nutrient source for microalgae cultivation. The optimal ratio of NPK fertilizer for microalgae cultivation was 1:0.25:0.25. Optimization using response surface methodology revealed that the optimal nitrogen and salt concentrations were 1.75 g/l and 1%, respectively. The optimal light intensity was 3,000 lux. The maximum microalgal biomass obtained was 1.45 ± 0.01 g/l with improved chlorophyll and carotenoid contents up to 24.51 ± 0.03 and 11.29 ± 0.28 mg/g-cell, respectively. Scaling up the process in an 8-l tank photobioreactor with the optimal aeration rate of 0.1 air volume per liquid volume per min (vvm) increased the biomass production up to 1.72 ± 0.06 g/l. The use of living microalgal cells as a practical diet for shrimp larvae not only improved the color of the shrimp but also increased dissolved oxygen and reduced sediments in the shrimp culture pond. These strategies may contribute greatly to the aquaculture sector as they are cost-effective and can help promote ecosystem balance and minimize waste.
Dietary fiber-based floating in situ gels for improved gastric delivery of roselle extract
Authors: Pumjan Saravoot , Praparatana Rachanida , Issarachot Ousanee , Wiwattanapatapee Ruedeekorn
Published: February 2025

Dietary fiber-based, in situ gelling systems of roselle extract were formulated to prolong the release of anthocyanin in the stomach. The formulations comprised sodium alginate as a gel-forming polymer (0.5%–1% w/v), and a release rate-controlling polymer (0.25% w/v) selected from hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, or konjac glucomannan (KGM). Sodium bicarbonate was included as a flotation agent to generate CO2. The formulations showed fast floatation in less than 5 seconds following contact with simulated gastric fluid and stayed afloat for over 8 hours, releasing more than 80% of the anthocyanin content. An increase of sodium alginate concentration resulted in an increment of the gel strength. The optimized formulation containing KGM provided sustained drug release and higher gel strength than other polymers. It also displayed antioxidant activity as evidenced by radical scavenging effects on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Anti-inflammatory behavior was demonstrated by inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-activated nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells, while cytotoxic activity was measured against human gastric carcinoma cells. These results indicate that in situ gelling systems based on dietary fiber derivatives offer potential as a gastroretentive carrier for improving the systemic bioavailability of anthocyanin and for the local treatment of gastric diseases.
Benefits Of Neurodevelopment Treatment And Trunk Mobilization In Spastic Diplegi Cerebral Palsy: Case Study
Authors:   , Mahasiswa Jurusan Fisioterapi Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta, Andayani Enggal , Nur Hidayati Nitaya Putri ,   Jurusan Fisioterapi Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta, -. -, Sugiono ,   Jurusan Fisioterapi Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta
Published: February 2025

Background: Spastic diplegia cerebral palsy is a movement disorder with the lower limbs being heavier than the upper limbs which occurs due to brain damage. This disorder makes it difficult for children to carry out functional activities. Neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) and trunk mobilization are approaches to treating cerebral palsy cases. Objective: To find out the management of neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) physiotherapy and trunk mobilization in cases of diplegic spastic cerebral palsy. Results: Shortly after the therapy, the results showed a decrease in spasticity, but during subsequent therapy the muscle spasticity returned to normal. For the results of therapy carried out in 5 meetings over 1 month with measurements using the Ashworth scale, the results were T1: 1 and 2 and T5: 1 and 2, functional ability assessment using GMFCS obtained T1 and T5: Level 3, measurement results using GMFM obtained T1 and T5: Dimension A 98%, Dimensions B and C 83.3%, Dimension D 51.2%, Dimension E 5.5%, and the measurement results with XOTR T1 and T5 are T and X. Conclusion: From the results of evaluations carried out using the Ashworth scale, GMFM, GMFCS, and XOTR from T1 to T5 there was no decrease in spasticity, increase in muscle strength or functional ability.
Bioethics and Brains
Authors: Shook John R. , Giordano James
Published: February 2025

How neuroethics can be increasingly relevant and informative for inclusive social policy and political discourse about brain science and technologies.

Neuroethics, a field just over two decades old, addresses both ethical issues generated in and by brain sciences and the neuroscientific studies of moral and ethical thought and action. These foci are reciprocally interactive and prompt questions of how science and ethics can and should harmonize. In Bioethics and Brains, John R. Shook and James Giordano ask: How can the brain sciences inform ethics? And how might ethics guide the brain sciences and their real-world applications?

The authors' structure for a disciplined neuroethics reconciles science and ethics by requiring ethical principles consistent with moral neuroscience and moral psychology. Their cosmopolitan perspective looks beyond Western theories toward a new metaethics for neuroethics and illustrates its approach in chapters that address the issues and approaches to questions and problems generated by the proliferation of neurotechnology in global contexts. Shook and Giordano posit that neuroethics can merge science and ethics toward establishing global consensus on guiding brain research, neurotechnological innovation, and grounding neurorights.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling regulates the ability of Müller glia to become neurogenic, proliferating progenitor-like cells
Authors: Taylor Olivia , DeGroff Nick , El-Hodiri Heithem , Gao Chengyu , Fischer Andy J
Published: February 2025

The purpose of these studies is to investigate how Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling regulates glial phenotype, dedifferentiation of Müller glia (MG), reprogramming into proliferating MG-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs), and neuronal differentiation of the progeny of MGPCs in the chick retina. We found that S1P-related genes are highly expressed by retinal neurons and glia, and levels of expression were dynamically regulated following retinal damage. Drug treatments that activate S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) or increase levels of S1P suppressed the formation of MGPCs. Conversely, treatments that inhibit S1PR1 or decrease levels of S1P stimulated the formation of MGPCs. Inhibition of S1P receptors or S1P synthesis significantly enhanced the neuronal differentiation of the progeny of MGPCs. We report that S1P-related gene expression in MG is modulated by microglia and inhibition of S1P receptors or S1P synthesis partially rescues the loss of MGPC formation in damaged retinas missing microglia. Finally, we show that TGFβ/Smad3 signaling in the resting retina maintains S1PR1 expression in MG. We conclude that the S1P signaling is dynamically regulated in MG and MGPCs in the chick retina, and activation of S1P signaling depends, in part, on signals produced by reactive microglia.
Multi-tissue network analysis reveals the effect of JNK inhibition on dietary sucrose-induced metabolic dysfunction in rats
Authors: Yang Hong , Zhang Cheng , Kim Woonghee , Shi Mengnan , Kiliclioglu Metin , Bayram Cemil , Bolar Ismail , Tozlu Özlem Özdemir , Baba Cem , Yuksel Nursena , Yildirim Serkan , Iqbal Shazia , Sebhaoui Jihad , Hacımuftuoglu Ahmet , Uhlen Matthias , Boren Jan , Turkez Hasan , Mardinoglu Adil
Published: February 2025

Excessive consumption of sucrose, in the form of sugar-sweetened beverages, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and other related metabolic syndromes. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway plays a crucial role in response to dietary stressors, and it was demonstrated that the inhibition of the JNK pathway could potentially be used in the treatment of MAFLD. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying these interventions remain incompletely understood given their multifaceted effects across multiple tissues. In this study, we challenged rats with sucrose-sweetened water and investigated the potential effects of JNK inhibition by employing network analysis based on the transcriptome profiling obtained from hepatic and extrahepatic tissues, including visceral white adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and brain. Our data demonstrate that JNK inhibition by JNK-IN-5A effectively reduces the circulating triglyceride accumulation and inflammation in rats subjected to sucrose consumption. Coexpression analysis and genome-scale metabolic modeling reveal that sucrose overconsumption primarily induces transcriptional dysfunction related to fatty acid and oxidative metabolism in the liver and adipose tissues, which are largely rectified after JNK inhibition at a clinically relevant dose. Skeletal muscle exhibited minimal transcriptional changes to sucrose overconsumption but underwent substantial metabolic adaptation following the JNK inhibition. Overall, our data provides novel insights into the molecular basis by which JNK inhibition exerts its metabolic effect in the metabolically active tissues. Furthermore, our findings underpin the critical role of extrahepatic metabolism in the development of diet-induced steatosis, offering valuable guidance for future studies focused on JNK-targeting for effective treatment of MAFLD.
Turismo acessível a pessoas com deficiência
Authors: Rodrigues Igor Moraes , Valduga Vander
Published: February 2025

Este estudo objetiva sistematizar a produção científica nacional e internacional sobre turismo acessível a pessoas com deficiência. A metodologia, de cunho qualitativo, foi delineada por meio de Estudo Bibliométrico (EB) – composto pelas Leis de Lotka, de Bradford e de Zipf – e de Revisão Integrativa da Literatura (RIL). Analisaram-se publicações até 31 de dezembro de 2020, obtendo 162 artigos como corpus de análise. O embasamento teórico contempla as pessoas com deficiência no contexto do turismo acessível. Os resultados demonstram que o interesse acadêmico pelo tema é recente e pouco diversificado, porém, crescente. O EB revelou que o turismo acessível a pessoas com deficiência é uma área de conhecimento ainda em fase inicial de crescimento, pois a produção se encontra pulverizada em muitos periódicos, com diversos autores responsáveis por poucos artigos. Com a RIL, foi identificado que os estudos passam de uma perspectiva de recuperação, cura e reabilitação para uma perspectiva de inclusão, adaptação e participação, superando o modelo médico pelo modelo social da deficiência. Todavia, os estudos são homogêneos, não representando a heterogeneidade desse grupo social. Ademais, contribui com uma ampla e detalhada agenda de pesquisa que servirá para pesquisadores alicerçarem novos e empíricos estudos sobre o tema.
Visitors’ gastronomy experiences in a winescape
Authors: Amaral Marcia Mariluz , Flores Luiz Carlos da Silva
Published: February 2025

This article examines the gastronomic experiences of visitors in various establishments, focusing on understanding how supply and demand operate in wine tourism. To this end, a single case study was conducted using a qualitative approach. Data collection was achieved through digitally accessible secondary sources, gathering visitors' opinions based on publicly available information from TripAdvisor. Data analysis was facilitated using the Iramuteq tool, which combined textual analysis with subsequent manual content analysis to obtain a comprehensive overview. The study revealed that visitors perceive local gastronomy in a utilitarian manner, prioritizing the quality of products and services over cultural aspects. Furthermore, interpersonal connections and customer engagement were identified as significant factors influencing the experience. This research also contributes to the understanding of digital communication methods.
Perceptions of Climate Change among Small-Scale Farmers in Kasambandola, Katete District, Zambia
Authors: Soko Elizabeth , Siamabele Brivery , Simoonga Rockiner Kenneth , Mubita Aurick
Published: February 2025

Climate change poses a significant global development challenge, particularly for communities that rely on rain fed agriculture for their livelihoods, such as small-scale farmers. This study investigated small-scale farmers’ perceptions of climate change manifestations in the Kasambandola community of Katete District, in Eastern Province of Zambia. It employed a convergent mixed methods research design (QUAL+quant) where quantitative data played a complementary and supportive role to the qualitative data. The data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The sample comprised of 91 small scale farmers and 6 key informants. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, while quantitative data was analyzed using Excel.
The findings highlighted farmers’ perceptions of climate change as characterized by unpredictable rainfall patterns, shorter rainy seasons, and extreme weather events. These perceptions were corroborated by meteorological data, which showed significant variations in rainfall patterns over time. Respondents reported that these climatic changes severely impacted agricultural productivity, with maize yields—once ranging from 15–20 oxcarts per farmer—declining to just 2–8 oxcarts. In response, farmers implemented a mix of traditional practices, such as making heaped lines and expanding their farms through deforestation, alongside modern techniques like ripping, the Gamphani system, improved crop varieties, and crop diversification. While these adaptation strategies have shown promise, the study recommended the need for small-scale farmers to fully embrace sustainable agricultural practices to enhance resilience and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change.
Chemical Composition and Storage Study of Debittered Orange-Seed Flour
Authors: EMOJORHO Ernest Eguono , ADINKWU Onyekachukwu Mabel , UDUDUA Uyoyoghene Oghenekome , OKOH Ferdinard Nnamdi , OGWU Chukwudi , OGBOLI Charles Chukwudi , APHIAR Agnes
Published: February 2025

Sweet oranges are among the most important citrus fruit crops in the world. Waste orange seeds are haphazardly thrown into the environment, creating an unpleasant atmosphere and producing an odor that attracts insects and provides them with a place to reproduce. The study's objective was to ascertain how orange-seed flours' chemical composition and storage characteristics were impacted by debittering processes. After the orange seeds were carefully removed from the fruits, they were submerged in water for twelve hours, boiled for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 0C, and then manually dehulled, crushed, and filtered, with half of the seeds being defatted with 100% alcohol. The flours' pH, moisture content, titratable acidity, peroxide value, and microbiological quality were all measured. The results reported 0 to 20 cfu/g mold, 0.3 to 2.8 meq/kg peroxide value, 3.0 x 102 to 2.6 x 105 total viable count, 0.15 to 2.25% titratable acidity and 4.41 to 7.10 pH. The flour' titratable acidity, peroxide value, and total viable count all rose while they were stored, but their pH decreased. Microbiologically safe, but the products could become harmful to your health after six months. Materials discarded in the production industry, such as orange seeds, can be upgraded, and used to make valuable commodities that reduce environmental pollution. This research would assure the conversion of orange seed waste into a usable product, because of their nutritive and technological properties.
Wildfire Impacts on Species Composition, Land Use Dynamics, and Ecosystem Service Vulnerability in Northern Ghana’s Savanna Ecoregions
Authors: Naawa Aline Mwintome , Folega Fousseni , Millogo Alphonse Maré David , Kperkouma Wala , Batawila Komlan
Published: February 2025

Changes in fire regimes, climate change and land use practices threaten tree structural diversity and vegetation structure across spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, this study investigated the impacts of fire on the species dynamics, land cover changes and the vulnerability of tree ecosystem services in the northern savanna regions of Ghana, encompassing the Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Savannah, and North East regions. The study analyzed data collected between 2001 and 2022 using a combination of remotely sensed satellite data (MODIS NDVI, Sentinel-2 images) and field observation. Species composition was assessed through vegetation inventories, and statistical models, including regression analysis and multivariate techniques, were applied to determine fire-induced changes in tree structural diversity and land use patterns on 30m x 30m plots of land (30 in total), across ten (10) communities. Land cover classification and change detection were performed using supervised classification in QGIS. The results showed a clear-cut reduction in forest cover and increased shrubby savannah and agroforestry types driven by recurring fires and agricultural land conversion. Fire-prone areas, particularly rangelands and vegetation zones near settlements, accounted for over 70% of recorded fires, making them the most frequently affected by wildfires. The dominance of fire-adapted species, such as Vitellaria paradoxa (14%) and Parkia biglobosa (11%) of the total species recorded, was observed, whereas fire-sensitive species declined in areas with high fire frequency. The study also provided insights into the vulnerabilities of significant ecosystem services and products, such as water bodies, forests and farmlands that are ferociously threatened by fire. The findings stipulate the need to implement more comprehensive and complicated approaches to fire management, integrating human activities and fire and ecosystem services preservation within savannah ecosystems.
A Short Note on the Role of Biochar in Carbon Sequestration and Soil Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties
Authors: Mishra Neelkamal , Santhosh Bora , Malode Kailash R. , Waghmare Mahesh S , Yadav Abhinav , Kumari Neelam , Yadav Anoop Kumar , Pal Sudhir
Published: February 2025

Biochar, a stable, carbon-rich material derived from the pyrolysis of organic matter under limited oxygen conditions, has emerged as a sustainable solution for addressing climate change and enhancing soil health. This study explores the multifaceted role of biochar in carbon sequestration and its impact on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. The unique structural and chemical characteristics of biochar enable it to store carbon for centuries, effectively mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and contributing to a negative carbon footprint. Additionally, biochar alters soil physical properties by improving porosity, aeration, and water retention, which enhances root growth and soil resilience against erosion and extreme weather conditions. Chemically, biochar enhances soil fertility through its high cation exchange capacity and alkaline nature. It retains essential nutrients, prevents leaching, and ameliorates soil acidity, creating a favorable environment for plant growth. Biologically, biochar supports microbial diversity and activity by providing a habitat for beneficial microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. Despite its numerous benefits, the effectiveness of biochar is influenced by factors such as feedstock type, production conditions, and soil characteristics. Challenges such as economic feasibility, potential nutrient imbalances, and environmental trade-offs must be addressed to optimize its application. Future research should focus on tailoring biochar properties to specific soil and crop needs, scaling up production, and integrating biochar into sustainable land management practices. By sequestering carbon and enhancing soil properties, it offers a scalable solution for building resilient agricultural systems and achieving environmental sustainability.
Formação para o cuidador escolar sobre comunicação aumentativa e alternativa
Authors: Queiroz Fernanda Matrigani Mercado Gutierres de , Iani Goldoni Natálie , Melo Márcia Helena da Silva
Published: February 2025

O cuidador atua como colaborador para a inclusão no ambiente escolar por contribuir com seus serviços de cuidado na higiene, na locomoção e na alimentação, entre outros aspectos voltados aos estudantes com deficiências, dentre eles os que apresentam necessidades complexas de comunicação, que podem usar ou não a Comunicação Aumentativa e Alternativa (CAA). O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em relatar os procedimentos de elaboração de forma colaborativa e à distância de um conteúdo em formato de vídeo para a formação do cuidador escolar sobre os aspectos referentes à linguagem, língua e comunicação, bem como CAA voltada ao atendimento escolar. O percurso metodológico se configurou em três estudos quantitativos e qualitativos de caráter descritivo e de desenvolvimento, a partir da perspectiva teórica da educação inclusiva e da psicologia histórico-cultural. Os conteúdos formativos em formato de vídeo elaborados à distância e de forma colaborativa entre pesquisadores e especialistas de diferentes áreas do conhecimento demonstraram contribuir na ampliação do conhecimento dos cuidadores escolares acerca da temática linguagem, língua, comunicação e CAA. Os cuidadores demonstraram compreender que a comunicação não se efetiva somente pela fala e incentivaram a comunicação e o uso da CAA na escola, também manifestaram interesse nos temas trabalhados, o que se pode perceber pelos exemplos de falas dos participantes expressando conexões dos conteúdos abordados com a sua atuação cotidiana. Conclui-se que a formação em modelo híbrido com o uso de vídeos instrucionais se configurou em um recurso relevante para trabalhar as temáticas comunicação e CAA.
Accelerating Climate Action Through Academic Health Systems
Authors: Washington A. Eugene , Mallon William T. , Spisso Johnese
Published: April 2024

This Viewpoint makes the case for academic health systems to lead the way on climate change action in the US, including planning to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, educating current and future clinicians, and communicating with their patients and communities.
Unmet Needs, Quality of Life, and Financial Toxicity Among Survivors of Lung Cancer
Authors: Hsu Melinda L. , Boulanger Mary C. , Olson Sarah , Eaton Cyd , Prichett Laura , Guo Matthew , Miller Mattea , Brahmer Julie , Forde Patrick M. , Marrone Kristen A. , Turner Michelle , Feliciano Josephine L.
Published: April 2024

Importance

Despite a growing population of survivors of lung cancer, there is limited understanding of the survivorship journey. Survivors of lung cancer experience unmet physical, social, emotional, and medical needs regardless of stage at diagnosis or treatment modalities.

Objective

To investigate the association of unmet needs with quality of life (QOL) and financial toxicity (FT) among survivors of lung cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This survey study was conducted at Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center thoracic oncology clinics between December 1, 2020, and September 30, 2021, to assess needs (physical, social, emotional, and medical), QOL, and FT among survivors of lung cancer. Patients had non–small cell lung cancer of any stage and were alive longer than 1 year from diagnosis. A cross-sectional survey was administered, which consisted of an adapted needs survey developed by the Mayo Survey Research Center, the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity measure, and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 QOL scale. Demographic and clinical information was obtained through retrospective medical record review. Data analysis was performed between May 9 and December 8, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Separate multiple linear regression models, treating QOL and FT as dependent variables, were performed to assess the adjusted association of total number of unmet needs and type of unmet need (physical, emotional, social, or medical) with QOL and FT.

Results

Of the 360 survivors of lung cancer approached, 232 completed the survey and were included in this study. These 232 respondents had a median age of 69 (IQR, 60.5-75.0) years. Most respondents were women (144 [62.1%]), were married (165 [71.1%]), and had stage III or IV lung cancer (140 [60.3%]). Race and ethnicity was reported as Black (33 [14.2%]), White (172 [74.1%]), or other race or ethnicity (27 [11.6%]). A higher number of total unmet needs was associated with lower QOL (β [SE], −1.37 [0.18]; P < .001) and higher FT (β [SE], −0.33 [0.45]; P < .001). In the context of needs domains, greater unmet physical needs (β [SE], −1.24 [0.54]; P = .02), social needs (β [SE], −3.60 [1.34]; P = .01), and medical needs (β [SE], −2.66 [0.98]; P = .01) were associated with lower QOL, whereas only greater social needs was associated with higher FT (β [SE], −3.40 [0.53]; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this survey study suggest that among survivors of lung cancer, unmet needs were associated with lower QOL and higher FT. Future studies evaluating targeted interventions to address these unmet needs may improve QOL and FT among survivors of lung cancer.
Visual Impairment and Suicide Risk
Authors: Kim Chung Young , Ha Ahnul , Shim Sung Ryul , Hong In Hwan , Chang In Boem , Kim Young Kook
Published: April 2024

Importance

Suicide is a substantial public health concern that involves various recognized contributing factors. Sensory impairments, specifically visual impairment, are deemed potential risk factors. Nonetheless, comprehensive information about associated risk levels and underlying determinants remains limited.

Objective

To investigate the association between visual impairment and different aspects of suicide, including the assessment of risk levels and exploration of potential contributing factors.

Data Sources

An electronic search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to February 8, 2024.

Study Selection

All published studies were considered without restrictions on study design, publication date, or language.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Two independent reviewers extracted the published data using a standardized procedure in accordance with the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate pooled effect sizes. Multiple meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify potential factors contributing to the association between visual impairment and the risk of suicide.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome measure was the odds ratio (OR) of suicidal behavior (including suicide attempt and suicide death) for individuals with visual impairment compared with those without. The secondary outcome measures were the pooled ORs of suicidal ideation and suicide death, respectively.

Results

A total of 31 population-based studies with 5 692 769 unique individuals (mean [SD] age, 48.4 [8.5] years; 2 965 933 females [52%]) were included. For 17 studies (5 602 285 individuals) that evaluated suicidal behavior, the pooled OR was 2.49 (95% CI, 1.71-3.63). For 21 studies (611 899 individuals) that assessed suicidal ideation, the pooled OR was 2.01 (95% CI, 1.62-2.50). For 8 studies (5 067 113 individuals) investigating the association between visual impairment and suicide death, the pooled OR was 1.89 (95% CI, 1.32-2.71). The multiple meta-regression model identified age group as a predictive factor associated with suicidal behavior, with the studies included suggesting that adolescents were at the highest risk. While this analysis showed moderate heterogeneity for suicide death, high heterogeneity was observed for suicidal behavior and suicidal ideation.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the association between visual impairment and increased risk of suicidal tendencies. The risk differed by age group, with a pronounced risk observed among adolescents.
Why an integrated view of gene expression studies on hematopoiesis in mouse aging is better than the sum of their parts
Authors: Bystrykh Leonid V.
Published: April 2024

Globally, the human population is aging, with an increased proportion of people in “old age” (over 60 years). This trend leads to a growing demand in aging research, stimulating studies in animal models such as mice, fish, and invertebrates. Recently, we published a research summary on the aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in C57BL/6 mice based on 12 gene expression datasets. Here, I discuss in greater detail the added value of taking an integrated view, rather than considering each publication separately, to determine genes involved in aging. Considerable variation exists between lists of differentially expressed (DE) genes in HSCs, comparing young and old mice. This variation can result from factors such as inconsistent definitions of “young” and “old”, technical variations and variations between laboratory mouse strains. We previously demonstrated that the variation between gene lists could be circumvented by forming a unified list of DE genes—the “aging list”—with citation indexes attached. The most frequently detected DE genes [approximately 200 most cited, which we named the “aging signature” (AS)] were highly consistent across publications. Gene Ontology classification of the AS list identified additional sources of variation between studies: one comes from the specifics of how the data are collected and analyzed; another comes from inconsistencies between how we define the gene categories. As discussed, overcoming these variations is the next challenge toward an integral approach to our systematic knowledge of the aging process.
Molecular dynamics simulations of intracellular lipid droplets: a new tool in the toolbox
Authors: Sapia Jennifer , Vanni Stefano
Published: April 2024

Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous intracellular organelles with a central role in multiple lipid metabolic pathways. However, identifying correlations between their structural properties and their biological activity has proved challenging, owing to their unique physicochemical properties as compared with other cellular membranes. In recent years, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, a computational methodology allowing the accurate description of molecular assemblies down to their individual components, have been demonstrated to be a useful and powerful approach for studying LD structural and dynamical properties. In this short review, we attempt to highlight, as comprehensively as possible, how MD simulations have contributed to our current understanding of multiple molecular mechanisms involved in LD biology.
Proteome‐based molecular subtyping and therapeutic target prediction in gastric cancer
Authors: Hu Changyuan , Song Jiangning , Kwok Terry , Nguyen Elizabeth V. , Shen Xian , Daly Roger J.
Published: April 2024

Different molecular classifications for gastric cancer (GC) have been proposed based on multi‐omics platforms with the long‐term goal of improved precision treatment. However, the GC (phospho)proteome remains incompletely characterized, particularly at the level of tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition, previous multiomics‐based stratification of patient cohorts has lacked identification of corresponding cell line models and comprehensive validation of broad or subgroup‐selective therapeutic targets. To address these knowledge gaps, we applied a reverse approach, undertaking the most comprehensive (phospho)proteomic analysis of GC cell lines to date and cross‐validating this using publicly available data. Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based (phospho)proteomic and tyrosine phosphorylation datasets were subjected to individual or integrated clustering to identify subgroups that were subsequently characterized in terms of enriched molecular processes and pathways. Significant congruence was detected between cell line proteomic and specific patient‐derived transcriptomic subclassifications. Many protein kinases exhibiting ‘outlier’ expression or phosphorylation in the cell line dataset exhibited genomic aberrations in patient samples and association with poor prognosis, with casein kinase I isoform delta/epsilon (CSNK1D/E) being experimentally validated as potential therapeutic targets. Src family kinases were predicted to be commonly hyperactivated in GC cell lines, consistent with broad sensitivity to the next‐generation Src inhibitor eCF506. In addition, phosphoproteomic and integrative clustering segregated the cell lines into two subtypes, with epithelial–mesenchyme transition (EMT) and proliferation‐associated processes enriched in one, designated the EMT subtype, and metabolic pathways, cell–cell junctions, and the immune response dominating the features of the other, designated the metabolism subtype. Application of kinase activity prediction algorithms and interrogation of gene dependency and drug sensitivity databases predicted that the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) and dual specificity mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 2 (MAP2K2) represented potential therapeutic targets for the EMT and metabolism subtypes, respectively, and this was confirmed using selective inhibitors. Overall, our study provides novel, in‐depth insights into GC proteomics, kinomics, and molecular taxonomy and reveals potential therapeutic targets that could provide the basis for precision treatments.
In Situ Generation of TiCN Ni‐Based Coatings by Laser Cladding and Study of Their Structure and Properties
Authors: Li Chuanyu , Li Jinhua , Yao Fangping
Published: April 2024

The influence of the ratio of TiN powder, graphite powder, and Ni60 powder on the phase composition, microstructure, microhardness, and wear properties of the TiCN Ni‐based coating on H13 steel is investigated. The findings indicate that varying proportions of TiN powder, C powder, and Ni60 powder have a minimal impact on the coating's phase composition. The diffraction peak intensity of TiC0.3N0.7 increases with the addition of (C + TiN) in the blended powder, while the crystallinity of TiC0.3N0.7 in the Ni‐based coating with a 30% (C + TiN) mass fraction decreases. The grain structure of the 20% Ni‐based coating is fine and uniform, while the microstructure of the 30% Ni‐based coating is characterized by a large polymerization phase‐containing Ti elements, with the TiCN‐reinforced phase exhibiting irregular grain morphology. The microhardness HV0.5 of the coating with a 20% (C + TiN) mass fraction ranges from 725 to 772, with an average hardness of 747.8 HV0.5, which is 3.4 times the hardness of the substrate material and 1.3 times the hardness of the Ni‐based coating. As the mass fraction of (C + TiN) in the hybrid powder increases, the friction loss mass of the coating tends to decrease and then increase. The average wear of the Ni‐based coating with a 20% (C + TiN) mass fraction is ≈22.4% of that of the substrate and 50% of that of the Ni‐based coating, demonstrating excellent wear resistance. The wear mechanism is primarily characterized by brittle spalling and abrasive wear.
Modeling the Solvolysis of Composite Materials of Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Chen Yi , Mishnaevsky Leon
Published: April 2024

A computational model of the depolymerization of composites during solvolysis of wind turbine blades is developed. The model is based on a phenomenological approach, describing the dissolution of an epoxy matrix as a local phase transition influenced by temperature, solvent diffusion, and local microstructures. The model is implemented in the finite element code Abaqus, using the user‐defined field and heat flux subroutines. Parametric studies are carried out to study the influence of defects and heterogeneities on the depolymerization of composite materials. The results show that variations of the solvent diffusivity in the vicinity of fiber/matrix lead to nonhomogeneity of depolymerization, and smaller diffusivity may explain matrix residues remaining on the fibers. Fiber volume density and distribution influence the polymer dissolution rate because the resistance to solvent diffusion arises between fibers. Further, voids in the polymer may lead to a local acceleration of the polymer dissolution. This work also looks into the contributions of diffusion and reaction to depolymerization, and the former dominates. The rate and homogeneity of depolymerization, therefore, depend significantly on the manufacturing quality of composites.
A Novel Method for Preparation of Al–Ni Reactive Coatings by Incorporation of Ni Nanoparticles into an Al Matrix Fabricated by Electrodeposition in AlCl3:1‐Eethyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Chloride (1.5:1) Ionic Liquid Containing Ni Nanoparticles
Authors: Mejia Chueca Maria del Carmen , Winter Andreas , Abdi Azadeh , Baumer Christoph , Ispas Adriana , Stich Michael , Riegler Sascha , Ecke Gernot , Isaac Nishchay A. , Graske Marcus , Gallino Isabella , Schaaf Peter , Jacobs Heiko O. , Bund Andreas
Published: April 2024

Al/Ni reactive coatings are fabricated via electrochemical deposition (ECD) at different applied voltages for reactive bonding application. :1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIm]Cl) (1.5:1) ionic liquid electrolyte is used as source of Al, whereas Ni is in the bath and incorporated into final coatings as nanoparticles (NPs). Scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy reveal a homogeneous Ni particle dispersion, as well as a high amount of particle incorporation into the Al matrix. A maximum of 37 wt% (22 at%) of Ni is detected via atomic absorption spectroscopy in the Al/Ni coating deposited at −0.1 V from an electrolyte containing 20 g L−1 of Ni NPs. Previous literature show that for bonding application an ideal concentration is around 50 at% of Ni and 50 at% Al. However, this is achieved using high vacuum, time‐consuming processes, and costly techniques like evaporation and magnetron sputtering. The ECD used in this work represents a more cost‐efficient approach which is not reported up to date for the aforementioned application. The reactivity of the coatings is confirmed by Differential scanning calorimetry. Herein, an exothermic reaction is detected upon the mixing of Al and Ni occurring at high temperatures.
Shape‐Programmable Adaptive Multi‐Material Microswimmers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Tan Liyuan , Yang Yang , Fang Li , Cappelleri David J.
Published: April 2024

Flagellated microorganisms can swim at low Reynolds numbers and adapt to changes in their environment. Specifically, the flagella can switch their shapes or modes through gene expression. In recent years, efforts have changed to achieve adaptive microswimmers mimicking real microorganisms from traditional rigid microswimmers. However, even though some adaptive microswimmers achieved by hydrogels have emerged, the swimming behaviors of the microswimmers before and after the environment‐induced deformations are not predicted in a systematic standardized way. In this work, experiments, finite element analysis, and dynamic modeling are presented together to realize a complete understanding of these adaptive microswimmers. The multi‐material adaptive microswimmers used in this study are fabricated by photolithography and two‐photon polymerization. The above three parts are cross‐verified proving the success of using such methods, facilitating the bio‐applications with shape‐programmable and even swimming performance‐programmable microswimmers. The newly fabricated microswimmer also shows an improved velocity of 11.8 body lengths per second. Moreover, an application of targeted object delivery using the proposed microswimmer is successfully demonstrated. Finally, cytotoxicity tests are performed to prove the potential for using the proposed microswimmer for biomedical applications.