bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence software standardizes electrogram‐based ablation outcome for persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Seitz Julien , Durdez Théophile Mohr , Albenque Jean P. , Pisapia André , Gitenay Edouard , Durand Cyril , Monteau Jacques , Moubarak Ghassan , Théodore Guillaume , Lepillier Antoine , Zhao Alexandre , Bremondy Michel , Maluski Alexandre , Cauchemez Bruno , Combes Stéphane , Guyomar Yves , Heuls Sébastien , Thomas Olivier , Penaranda Guillaume , Siame Sabrina , Appetiti Anthony , Milpied Paola , Bars Clément , Kalifa Jérôme
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Multiple groups have reported on the usefulness of ablating in atrial regions exhibiting abnormal electrograms during atrial fibrillation (AF). Still, previous studies have suggested that ablation outcomes are highly operator‐ and center‐dependent. This study sought to evaluate a novel machine learning software algorithm named VX1 (Volta Medical), trained to adjudicate multipolar electrogram dispersion.

Methods

This study was a prospective, multicentric, nonrandomized study conducted to assess the feasibility of generating VX1 dispersion maps. In 85 patients, 8 centers, and 17 operators, we compared the acute and long‐term outcomes after ablation in regions exhibiting dispersion between primary and satellite centers. We also compared outcomes to a control group in which dispersion‐guided ablation was performed visually by trained operators.

Results

The study population included 29% of long‐standing persistent AF. AF termination occurred in 92% and 83% of the patients in primary and satellite centers, respectively, p = 0.31. The average rate of freedom from documented AF, with or without antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs), was 86% after a single procedure, and 89% after an average of 1.3 procedures per patient (p = 0.4). The rate of freedom from any documented atrial arrhythmia, with or without AADs, was 54% and 73% after a single or an average of 1.3 procedures per patient, respectively (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences between outcomes of the primary versus satellite centers were observed for one (p = 0.8) or multiple procedures (p = 0.4), or between outcomes of the entire study population versus the control group (p > 0.2). Interestingly, intraprocedural AF termination and type of recurrent arrhythmia (i.e., AF vs. AT) appear to be predictors of the subsequent clinical course.

Conclusion

VX1, an expertise‐based artificial intelligence software solution, allowed for robust center‐to‐center standardization of acute and long‐term ablation outcomes after electrogram‐based ablation.
Impact of blood involvement on efficacy and time to response with mogamulizumab in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Authors: Beylot‐Barry Marie , Booken Nina , Weishaupt Carsten , Scarisbrick Julia , Wu Wende , Rosen Jan‐Paul , Medley Michael C.
Published: August 2022

Background

Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) are rare types of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, which present in skin. Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are subtypes which make up two‐thirds of all CTCL cases. The phase 3 MAVORIC study (NCT01728805) compared mogamulizumab to vorinostat in MF and SS patients, with post hoc data showing a trend for higher efficacy in mogamulizumab‐treated patients as baseline blood tumour burden increases.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to use updated post hoc analyses in order to examine the efficacy of mogamulizumab and vorinostat in MF patients when stratified by baseline blood involvement and to determine what factors affect time‐to‐global and time‐to‐skin response to inform clinical follow‐up.

Methods

Post hoc analyses were carried out using data from MAVORIC. Overall response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS) and time‐to‐next‐treatment (TTNT) data were used to assess efficacy in patients with MF. Time‐to‐global response (TTR) was examined by disease subtype, by blood involvement in MF patients, and time‐to‐skin response was examined by blood involvement in MF patients.

Results

Numerically superior results were seen for ORR, PFS and TTNT in mogamulizumab‐treated patients with MF compared with vorinostat, with a trend for outcomes improving with increasing baseline blood class. Statistically significant results for mogamulizumab compared with vorinostat were seen for MF B1 pts for PFS (8.43 vs. 2.83 months, p = 0.003) and TTNT (11.9 vs. 3.13 months, p = 0.002), and for MF B2 pts for ORR (46.2 vs. 9.1 months, p = 0.033).

Conclusions

In mogamulizumab‐treated MF patients, ORR and PFS were seen to improve with increasing blood involvement, which led to improved TTNT. TTR was more predictable for mogamulizumab‐treated MF patients with blood involvement, and skin response may take longer than previously reported in some patients.
Artificially perforated holes in stems of small hogweed mimic ecosystem engineering by a moth
Authors: Bethe Sanne E. , Gols Rieta , Harvey Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2022

Ecosystem engineers are species that manipulate the physical state of ecosystems and thereby affect the behaviour and ecology of other species. Mature larvae of the parsnip webworm, Depressaria radiella Goeze, chew holes in the hollow stems of Heracleum sphondylium L. into which they pupate. The stems are separated into several compartments that are separated by filamentous membranes. Holes excavated by webworm larvae attract several beneficial species of arthropods that use them for shelter in autumn, including the common earwig (Forficula auricularia L.) and the common rough woodlouse (Porcellio scaber Latreille). If artificially made holes mimic the engineering effect of D. radiella, they could be made to attract (local) communities of beneficial arthropods and perhaps facilitate overwintering habitat. We conducted a field experiment to determine whether artificial holes perforated into stem compartments of H. sphondylium mimic the natural situation with D. radiella. At five sites near the city of Leiden, the Netherlands, H. sphondylium plants were exposed to different treatments: a single hole perforated in the first, second or third stem compartment, or in all three compartments. After 3 weeks, arthropod numbers were counted inside and around hogweed stems. The arthropod community in the stems differed from that surrounding the stems; the latter consisted mainly of woodlice and wolf spiders, whereas in the stems, in addition to woodlice, many earwigs were found and no wolf spiders. Both artificial and webworm‐excavated holes that were present at one site were used by woodlice and earwigs. The position of the holes along the stem did not affect the number of arthropods found in that segment, although the arthropods exhibited a tendency to move up the stems. The results show that artificial holes mimic webworm‐excavated holes in that both attract the same species of beneficial arthropods.
Lethal acute diarrhea associated with Clostridioides difficile toxin A and B in a buffy‐tufted‐ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita)
Authors: de Carvalho Thaynara Parente , dos Santos Daniel Oliveira , Oliveira Ayisa Rodrigues , Vasconcelos Izabela Magalhães Arthuso , Tinoco Herlandes Penha , Coelho Carlyle Mendes , Carvalho Gabriela Muniz , Xavier Rafael Gariglio Clark , Silva Rodrigo Otávio Silveira , Paixão Tatiane Alves , Santos Renato de Lima
Published: August 2022

This is a case of lethal acute diarrhea associated with a mild neutrophilic enteritis in a buffy‐tufted‐ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita) with detection of A/B toxins and isolation of a toxigenic clade 3 Clostridioides difficile strain (A+B+CDT+, ST5), which should be considered as a potential cause of enteritis in this species.
A uniformity correction method to reduce scan time for 7T sodium imaging of brain tumors
Authors: Kim Sanghoon , Merugumala Sai , Lin Alexander Peter
Published: August 2022

Background and Purpose

Sodium imaging shows great potential for the characterization of brain tumors. Intensity correction is required but the additional scan time is costly. Recent developments can halve the time but were optimized in normal brains and may not be applicable in brain tumor imaging. We aim to develop an individualized uniformity correction for sodium imaging optimized for brain tumor patients that reduces scan time but provides high‐resolution images for clinical practice.

Methods

Two‐, 4‐, and 6‐mm iso‐cubic voxel resolution birdcage coil images were used to calculate the 2‐mm iso‐cubic voxel individual sensitivity maps in healthy subjects (n = 3). Cut profiles were compared to determine the optimal approach. In addition, a 3‐dimensional phantom was developed to test a generalized uniformity correction approach in both healthy subjects (n = 3) and tumor patients (n = 3).

Results

The cut profiles showed that the average correlation coefficient between 2‐ and 4‐mm birdcage image correction results wasr = .9937, andr = .9876 for 2‐ and 6‐mm birdcage images. The correlation result between individual map correction and phantom map correction wasr = .9817.

Conclusion

The 4 mm birdcage coil image provided the optimal approach for both as a compromise between the time‐savings effect and image quality. This method allows for a 2‐mm iso‐cubic voxel resolution clinical sodium scan within 12 minutes. We also presented prescanned phantom sensitivity map results, which were designed to cover all patient head sizes. This approach provides an alternative solution in more time‐sensitive cases.
Tax competition, tax coordination, and e‐commerce: A corrigendum
Authors: Wang Wenming , Ogawa Hikaru
Published: August 2022

This note corrects Proposition 7 in Bacache Beauvallet (2018) and shows that total tax revenues are higher when the destination‐based taxation is applied to e‐commerce than when origin‐based taxation is applied.
Antioxidant monoammonium glycyrrhizinate alleviates damage from oxidative stress in perinatal cows
Authors: Zhang Cai , Li Chenxu , Shao Qi , Meng Sudan , Wang Xueying , Kong Tao , Li Yu
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant capability of dietary supplementation with monoammonium glycyrrhizinate (MAG) in perinatal cows. Glycyrrhizic acid has been shown to have strong antioxidant activity and we hypothesised that the aglycone of glycyrrhizin and MAG, could reduce damage from oxidative stress in perinatal cows by enhancing antioxidant capacity. Blood and milk samples were collected from three groups of healthy perinatal cows that were similar in body weight, parity, milk yield in the last milk cycle, etc., receiving dietary MAG supplementation ([Day 0 = parturition]: 0 g/day, [n = 13)] 3 g/day [n = 13] or 6 g/day [n = 11]) from −28 to 56 day (0 day = parturition). Compared with 0 g/day controls (CON), milk fat was significantly decreased in cows fed with MAG, and 3 g/day had the greatest effect. A diet containing 3 g/day MAG decreased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level compared with CON at −7 day post‐partum. ALT was also lower at 5 day post‐partum in cows fed with 3 g/day MAG compared to 6 g/day. The administration of 3 g/day and 6 g/day MAG decreased serum aspartate transaminase (AST) at 3 day post‐partum. Supplementation of MAG in cows increased total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) in serum, and cows given 3 g MAG per day had higher T‐AOC than controls on post‐partum 7 day. At the end of the experiment, we isolated and cultured primary hepatocytes to determine the effect of MAG on oxidative stress caused by incubation with the sodium oleate (SO). SO increased lipid synthesis, but pre‐treatment with MAG prevented the fatty buildup. SO treatment increased AST and ALT levels and malondialdehyde concentration, but decreased T‐AOC and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Incubation with MAG increased antioxidant capacity and inhibited oxidant damage in bovine hepatocytes. SO stimulated expression of the antioxidant genes, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and SOD1, in the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway, and catalase 1 (CAT1); this increase was accentuated by MAG pre‐treatment. The results suggest that MAG can alleviate the damage caused by oxidative stress in perinatal cows by enhancing antioxidant activity.
Fibrosis nonalcoholic steatohepatitis index validation and applicability considering glycaemic severity and T2D duration
Authors: Pina Ana , Meneses Maria João , Ribeiro Rogério T. , Raposo João F. , Macedo Maria Paula
Published: August 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosis without using invasive methods is extremely challenging, highlighting the need for simple indexes for this end. Recently, the fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis index (FNI) was developed and proposed as an affordable non‐invasive score calculated with aspartate aminotransferase, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and haemoglobin A1c. Herein, and given the link between NAFLD and diabetes, we aimed at validating FNI in a population with type 2 diabetes (T2D), also considering diabetes duration and glycaemic severity. The performance of FNI was higher than FIB‐4 (AUROC = 0.89 vs 0.67, respectively). Additionally, using 0.1 as the rule‐out cut‐off of FNI, the sensitivity was 0.99 and the positive predictive value was 0.19. Both duration of diabetes and A1c did not impact FNI performance. In sum, FNI is a valuable score for predicting fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis not only for primary care units but also for diabetes specialized care.
The microbiome of the pelagic tunicate Dolioletta gegenbauri: A potential link between the grazing and microbial food web
Authors: Pereira Tiago J. , Walters Tina L. , El‐Shaffey Hisham M. , Bik Holly M. , Frischer Marc E.
Published: August 2022

Bloom‐forming gelatinous zooplankton occur circumglobally and significantly influence the structure of pelagic marine food webs and biogeochemical cycling through interactions with microbial communities. During bloom conditions especially, gelatinous zooplankton are keystone taxa that help determine the fate of primary production, nutrient remineralization, and carbon export. Using the pelagic tunicate Dolioletta gegenbauri as a model system for gelatinous zooplankton, we carried out a laboratory‐based feeding experiment to investigate the potential ecosystem impacts of doliolid gut microbiomes and microbial communities associated with doliolid faecal pellets and the surrounding seawater. Metabarcoding targeting Bacteria and Archaea 16S rRNA genes/Archaea) and qPCR approaches were used to characterize microbiome assemblages. Comparison between sample types revealed distinct patterns in microbial diversity and biomass that were replicable across experiments. These observations support the hypothesis that through their presence and trophic activity, doliolids influence the structure of pelagic food webs and biogeochemical cycling in subtropical continental shelf systems where tunicate blooms are common. Bacteria associated with starved doliolids (representative of the resident gut microbiome) possessed distinct low‐biomass and low‐diversity microbial assemblages, suggesting that the doliolid microbiome is optimized to support a detrital trophic mode. Bacterial genera Pseudoalteromomas and Shimia were the most abundant potential core microbiome taxa, similar to patterns observed in other marine invertebrates. Exploratory bioinformatic analyses of predicted functional genes suggest that doliolids, via their interactions with bacterial communities, may affect important biogeochemical processes including nitrogen, sulphur, and organic matter cycling.
Intersectoral and intercountry linkages as drivers of employment growth in emerging economies: The case of Visegrád countries
Authors: Di Berardino Claudio , Doganieri Ilaria , D'Angelo Stefano , Onesti Gianni
Published: August 2022

This study provides new empirical evidence on the transformation of the structure of production in the Visegrád (V4) countries—the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia—using a multi‐regional version of the subsystem approach to global input‐output tables. In particular, the paper analyses structural change in these countries, with a focus on the integration of market services in manufacturing. Moreover, using an input‐output structural decomposition analysis (SDA), we evaluate the role of some key determinants of employment changes in manufacturing. The results indicate that an increasing amount of intermediate demand comes from producer services. Further, a substantial portion of manufacturing employment is generated by foreign final demand, and the SDA demonstrates that labour intensity and final demand play a determining role in the change in the number of hours worked.
Claudin targeting as an effective tool for directed barrier modulation of the viable epidermis
Authors: Beier Laura‐Sophie , Waldow Ayk , Khomeijani Farahani Saeed , Mannweiler Roman , Vidal‐Y‐Sy Sabine , Brandner Johanna M. , Piontek Jörg , Günzel Dorothee
Published: August 2022

Tight junction (TJ) formation is vital for epidermal barrier function. We aimed to specifically manipulate TJ barriers in the reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) by claudin‐1 and ‐4 knockdown (KD) and by claudin‐binding fusion proteins of glutathione S‐transferase and modified C‐terminal fragments of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (GST‐cCPE). Impedance spectroscopy and tracer permeability imaging were employed for functional barrier assessment and investigation of claudin contribution. KD of claudin‐1, but not claudin‐4, impaired the paracellular barrier in vitro. Similarly, claudin‐binding GST‐cCPE variants weakened the paracellular but not the stratum corneum barrier. Combining both TJ targeting methods, we found that claudin‐1 targeting by GST‐cCPE after claudin‐4 KD led to a marked decrease in paracellular barrier properties. Conversely, after claudin‐1 KD, GST‐cCPE did not further impair the barrier. Comparison of GST‐cCPE variants with different claudin‐1/claudin‐4 affinities, NHS‐fluorescein tracer detection, and immunostaining of RHE paraffin sections showed that GST‐cCPE variants bind to extrajunctional claudin‐1 and ‐4, which are differentially distributed along the stratum basale–stratum granulosum axis. GST‐cCPE binding blocks these claudins, thereby specifically opening the paracellular barrier of RHE. The data indicate a critical role for claudin‐1 in regulating paracellular permeability for ions and small molecules in the viable epidermis. Claudin targeting is presented as a proof‐of‐concept for precise barrier modulation.
FE UPTAKE‐INDUCING PEPTIDE1 maintains Fe translocation by controlling Fe deficiency response genes in the vascular tissue of Arabidopsis
Authors: Okada Satoshi , Lei Gui J. , Yamaji Naoki , Huang Sheng , Ma Jian F. , Mochida Keiichi , Hirayama Takashi
Published: August 2022

FE UPTAKE‐INDUCING PEPTIDE1 (FEP1), also named IRON MAN3 (IMA3) is a short peptide involved in the iron deficiency response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Recent studies uncovered its molecular function, but its physiological function in the systemic Fe response is not fully understood. To explore the physiological function of FEP1 in iron homoeostasis, we performed a transcriptome analysis using the FEP1 loss‐of‐function mutant fep1‐1 and a transgenic line with oestrogen‐inducible expression of FEP1. We determined that FEP1 specifically regulates several iron deficiency‐responsive genes, indicating that FEP1 participates in iron translocation rather than iron uptake in roots. The iron concentration in xylem sap under iron‐deficient conditions was lower in the fep1‐1 mutant and higher in FEP1‐induced transgenic plants compared with the wild type (WT). Perls staining revealed a greater accumulation of iron in the cortex of fep1‐1 roots than in the WT root cortex, although total iron levels in roots were comparable in the two genotypes. Moreover, the fep1‐1 mutation partially suppressed the iron overaccumulation phenotype in the leaves of the oligopeptide transporter3‐2 (opt3‐2) mutant. These data suggest that FEP1 plays a pivotal role in iron movement and in maintaining the iron quota in vascular tissues in Arabidopsis.
Assessing the export trade risk of bluetongue virus serotypes 4 and 8 in France
Authors: Zhang Shuwen , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Hui , Liang Ruirui , Chen Qin , Niu Bing
Published: August 2022

Bluetongue (BT) causes an economic loss of $3 billion every year in the world. After two serious occurrences of BT (bluetongue virus [BTV] occurrence in 2006 and 2015), France has been controlling for decades, but it has not been eradicated. As the largest live cattle export market in the world, France is also one of the major exporters of breeding animals and genetic materials in the world. The biosafety of its exported cattle and products has always been a concern. The scenario tree quantitative model was used to analyze the risk of BTV release from French exported live cattle and bovine semen. The results showed that with the increase in vaccination coverage rates, the risk decreased. If the vaccine coverage is 0%, the areas with the highest average risk probability of BTV‐4 and BTV‐8 release from exported live cattle were Haute‐Savoie and Puy‐de‐Dôme, and the risk was 2.96 × 10–4 and 4.25 × 10–4, respectively. When the vaccine coverage was 90%, the risk probability of BTV‐4 and BTV‐8 release from exported live cattle was 2.96 × 10–5 and 4.24 × 10–5, respectively. The average probability of BTV‐8 release from bovine semen was 1.09 × 10–10. Sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of false negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and the probability of BT infection in the bull breeding station had an impact on the model. The identification of high‐risk areas and the discovery of key control measures provide a reference for decision makers to assess the risk of French exports of live cattle and bovine semen.
Epidemiology and outcomes of surgical site infections among pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Banach David B. , Lopez‐Verdugo Fidel , Sanchez‐Garcia Jorge , Tran Alexandria , Gomez‐Llerena Adriana , Munoz‐Abraham Armando Salim , Bertacco Alessandra , Valentino Pamela L. , Yoo Peter , Dembry Louise‐Marie , Mulligan David C. , Ekong Udeme D. , Emre Sukru H. , Rodriguez‐Davalos Manuel I.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Surgical site infections (SSI) are a significant cause of morbidity in liver transplant recipients, and the current data in the pediatric population are limited. The goal of this study was to identify the incidence, classification, risk factors, and outcomes of SSIs among children undergoing liver transplantation (LT).

Methods

A single‐center, retrospective descriptive analysis was performed of patients age ≤18 years undergoing LT between September 2007 and April 2017. SSI identified within the first 30 days were analyzed. Primary endpoints included incidence, classification, risk factors, and outcomes associated with SSIs.

Results

We included 86 patients, eight patients (9.3%) developed SSIs. Among segmental grafts (SG) recipients, 7/61 (11.4%) developed SSI. Among whole grafts recipients, 1/25 (4%) developed SSI. SSIs were associated with the presence of biliary complications (35% vs. 3%, p < .01; odds ratios 24, 95% CI: 3.41‐487.37, p<.01). There were no differences in long term graft or patient survival associated with SSI. Patients who developed SSI were more likely to undergo reoperation (50% vs. 16.7%, p = .045) and had an increased total number of hospital days in the first 60 days post‐transplant (30.5 vs. 12.5 days, p = .001).

Conclusions

SSIs after pediatric LT was less frequent than what has been previously reported in literature. SSIs were associated with the presence of biliary complications without an increase in mortality. SG had an increased rate of biliary complications without an association to SSIs but, considering its positive impact on organ shortage barriers, should not be a deterrent to the utilization of SGs.

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternity services in Europe: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Thorn-Cole Harriet , De Labrusse Claire , Abderhalden-Zellweger Alessia , Kaech Christelle , Hammer Raphaël
Published: August 2022

Objective:

This review will synthesize and integrate the best available evidence on the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in access to and the provision of maternity services in Europe. The review will also consider health care professionals’ experiences in providing maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe.

Introduction:

Governments and maternity services have introduced various protective sanitary and organizational measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and protect the global population, including health care professionals. Since March 2020, the number of publications on this topic has soared, yet little is known about the effect of the pandemic and the accompanying measures on access to and the provision of maternity care in Europe.

Inclusion criteria:

The review will consider quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies on the impact of COVID-19 on European maternity services. For the quantitative component, the review will consider studies evaluating maternity services outcomes across all types of maternity care settings. For the qualitative component, the review will consider studies exploring maternity health care providers’ experiences and perceptions of the impact of the pandemic on care provided to women and their babies.

Methods:

Six bibliographic databases will be searched for published and unpublished studies since March 2020. Study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis will follow JBI's segregated mixed methods approach. The quantitative component will be adapted to follow the JBI requirements for systematic reviews of etiology and risk.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42021283878
Work and oxygen consumption of isolated right ventricular papillary muscle in experimental pulmonary hypertension
Authors: van der Laarse Willem J. , Bogaards Sylvia J. P. , Schalij Ingrid , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , Vaz Frédéric M. , van Groen Duncan
Published: August 2022

Right‐sided myocardial mechanical efficiency (work output/metabolic energy input) in pulmonary hypertension can be severely reduced. We determined the contribution of intrinsic myocardial determinants of efficiency using papillary muscle preparations from monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary hypertensive (MCT‐PH) rats. The hypothesis tested was that efficiency is reduced by mitochondrial dysfunction in addition to increased activation heat reported previously. Right ventricular muscle preparations were subjected to 5 Hz sinusoidal length changes at 37°C. Work and suprabasal oxygen consumption () were measured before and after cross‐bridge inhibition by blebbistatin. Cytosolic cytochrome c concentration, myocyte cross‐sectional area, proton permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane and monoamine oxidase and glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activities and phosphatidylglycerol/cardiolipin contents were determined. Mechanical efficiency ranged from 23% to 11% in control (n = 6) and from 22% to 1% in MCT‐PH (n = 15) and correlated with work (r2 = 0.68, P < 0.0001) but not with (r2 = 0.004, P = 0.7919). for cross‐bridge cycling was proportional to work (r2 = 0.56, P = 0.0005). Blebbistatin‐resistant (r2 = 0.32, P = 0.0167) and proton permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane (r2 = 0.36, P = 0.0110) correlated inversely with efficiency. Together, these variables explained the variance of efficiency (coefficient of multiple determination r2 = 0.79, P = 0.0001). Cytosolic cytochrome c correlated inversely with work (r2 = 0.28, P = 0.0391), but not with efficiency (r2 = 0.20, P = 0.0867). Glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, monoamine oxidase and phosphatidylglycerol/cardiolipin increased in the right ventricular wall of MCT‐PH but did not correlate with efficiency. Reduced myocardial efficiency in MCT‐PH is a result of activation processes and mitochondrial dysfunction. The variance of work and the ratio of activation heat reported previously and blebbistatin‐resistant are discussed.

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Key points

Mechanical efficiency of right ventricular myocardium is reduced in pulmonary hypertension. Increased energy use for activation processes has been demonstrated previously, but the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction is unknown.

Work and oxygen consumption are determined during work loops. Oxygen consumption for activation and cross‐bridge cycling confirm the previous heat measurements.

Cytosolic cytochrome c concentration, proton permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane and phosphatidylglycerol/cardiolipin are increased in experimental pulmonary hypertension.

Reduced work and mechanical efficiency are related to mitochondrial dysfunction.

Upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway and a potential gap in the energy balance suggest mitochondrial dysfunction in right ventricular overload is a resiult of the excessive production of reactive oxygen species.
Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health. Wealthy nations must do much more, much faster
Authors:  Atwoli Lukoye , Baqui Abdullah H. , Benfield Thomas  ,  Bosurgi Raffaella , Godlee Fiona  , Hancocks Stephen  , Horton Richard  , Laybourn-Langton Laurie  , Monteiro Carlos Augusto  , Norman Ian  , Patrick Kirsten  , Praities Nigel  , Olde Rikkert Marcel GM , Rubin Eric J.  ,  Sahni Peush , Smith Richard  , Talley Nick  ,  Turale Sue ,  Vázquez Damián
Published: August 2022

The UN General Assembly in September 2021 will bring countries together at a critical time for marshalling collective action to tackle the global environmental crisis. They will meet again at the biodiversity summit in Kunming, China, and the climate conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK. Ahead of these pivotal meetings, we—the editors of health journals worldwide—call for urgent action to keep average global temperature increases below 1.5 °C, halt the destruction of nature, and protect health.
La problemática de la enfermedad crónica en población trabajadora: una revisión de revisiones
Authors: Palencia-Sánchez Francisco , Riaño-Casallas Martha Isabel
Published: August 2022

La transición demográfica y epidemiológica ha llevado a un aumento de la prevalencia de las enfermedades crónicas (EC) que no solamente afecta a la población por encima de los 65 años sino también a la población en edad económicamente activa. El propósito de este estudio es analizar cómo ha sido el abordaje de la EC en la población trabajadora desde los modelos presentados por Arredondo, en Salud Pública (SP).

Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática documentos tipo revisiones de la literatura en base de datos indexadas y motores de búsqueda durante el periodo 2006-2019, excluyendo estudios únicamente enfocados en la relación exposición-efecto o al manejo clínico de la EC. Para la evaluación de la calidad de los estudios incluidos se utilizó el instrumento AMSTAR.

Se hizo un análisis de cómo se ha abordado la problemática de la EC en la población trabajadora, desde los modelos en SP, lo que transciende el enfoque clásico biomédico. En particular evidenciando que el abordaje de esta problemática debe ir más allá de los estilos de vida, hábitos nutricionales, y la necesidad de profundizar su estudio en el contexto latinoamericano.
Quimioterapia intra-arterial para el manejo del retinoblastoma
Authors: Gómez Vega Juan Carlos , Ocampo-Navia Maria Isabel , Botero-Trujillo Juan José , Fandiño-Hidalgo Rafael Enrique , Puentes Vargas Juan Carlos
Published: August 2022

El retinoblastoma constituye el tumor ocular más prevalente en la infancia, con diversas presentaciones clínicas. Los principales objetivos del tratamiento se enfocan en la supervivencia y la preservación de la visión; sin embargo, el tratamiento debe ser individualizado. Existen diferentes alternativas terapéuticas como la enucleación, quimioterapia sistémica, radioterapia y terapias locales. Dentro de las alternativas más recientes esta la quimioterapia intra-arterial, que permite la administración directa de agentes quimioterapéuticos a patologías malignas intraoculares como el retinoblastoma por medio de la arteria oftálmica. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión no sistematizada sobre las indicaciones, ventajas, desventajas, técnica, tasas de supervivencia, costos y complicaciones de la quimioterapia intraarterial como tratamiento del retinoblastoma.
Tumores de células germinales intracraneales: aspectos básicos, abordaje diagnóstico y alternativas terapéuticas
Authors: Marchán Cárdenas Juan Camilo , Visbal Spirko Lila Piedad , Acosta Fernández Sinforoso Alfonso
Published: August 2022

Introducción: Los Tumores de células germinales son neoplasias originadas por precursores de los gametos que, por defectos en procesos embriológicos migratorios, pueden aparecer en órganos extragonadales como el Encéfalo, donde constituyen un grupo variado y cada vez más frecuente de tumores. Objetivo: Exponer información relevante y actualizada sobre los procesos genéticos, fisiopatológicos y clínicos de los Tumores de células germinales intracraneales.
Materiales y métodos: Búsqueda sistematizada de publicaciones científicas, mediante la estrategia PICO, en bases de datos electrónicas. Conclusiones: Los tumores de células germinales intracraneales se clasifican en Germinoma y tumores de células germinales no germinomatosas. Dichos subgrupos representan una gran paradoja, ya que, pese a tener un origen común, son muy distintos entre sí. Los cambios genéticos que sustentan la génesis de ambos tumores son completamente opuestos: los Germinomas se caracterizan por presentar hipometilación del ADN y los no germinomas hipermetilación. Histológicamente, los tumores no germinomatosos muestran células menos diferenciadas con alta tasa mitótica, lo que les confiere mal pronóstico, contrario al Germinoma, que por sus características citológicas es menos agresivo. El diagnóstico supone la medición de Biomarcadores, que suelen ser negativos para el germinoma y  positivos para los no germinomas; las neuroimágenes no ofrecen mayor información diferencial, y la confirmación es histológica. El tratamiento atiende al pronóstico, por ello será más impetuoso para los tumores no germinomatosos.
Universal Solution Manifold Networks (USM-Nets): Non-Intrusive Mesh-Free Surrogate Models for Problems in Variable Domains
Authors: Regazzoni Francesco , Pagani Stefano , Quarteroni Alfio
Published: August 2022

We introduce universal solution manifold network (USM-Net), a novel surrogate model, based on artificial neural networks (ANNs), which applies to differential problems whose solution depends on physical and geometrical parameters. We employ a mesh-less architecture, thus overcoming the limitations associated with image segmentation and mesh generation required by traditional discretization methods. Our method encodes geometrical variability through scalar landmarks, such as coordinates of points of interest. In biomedical applications, these landmarks can be inexpensively processed from clinical images. We present proof-of-concept results obtained with a data-driven loss function based on simulation data. Nonetheless, our framework is non-intrusive and modular, as we can modify the loss by considering additional constraints, thus leveraging available physical knowledge. Our approach also accommodates a universal coordinate system, which supports the USM-Net in learning the correspondence between points belonging to different geometries, boosting prediction accuracy on unobserved geometries. Finally, we present two numerical test cases in computational fluid dynamics involving variable Reynolds numbers as well as computational domains of variable shape. The results show that our method allows for inexpensive but accurate approximations of velocity and pressure, avoiding computationally expensive image segmentation, mesh generation, or re-training for every new instance of physical parameters and shape of the domain.
Parallelized Element-By-Element Solver for Structural Analysis of Flexible Pipes Using Finite Macroelements
Authors: Toni Fernando Geremias , de Arruda Martins Clóvis
Published: August 2022

Due to the number of layers and their respective geometrical complexities, finite element analyses of flexible pipes usually require large-scale schemes with a high number of elements and degrees-of-freedom. If proper precautions are not taken, such as suitable algorithms and numerical methods, the computational costs of these analyses may become unfeasible. Finite macroelements are finite elements formulated for the solution of a specific problem considering and taking advantage of its particularities, such as geometry patterns, to obtain computational advantages, as reduced number of degrees-of-freedom and ease of problem description. The element-by-element (EBE) method also fits very well in this context, since it is characterized by the elimination of the global stiffness matrix and its memory consumption grows linearly with the number of elements, besides being highly parallelizable. Over the last decades, several works regarding the EBE method were published in the literature, but none of them directly applied to flexible pipes. Due to the contact elements between the layers, problems with flexible pipes are usually characterized by very large matrix bandwidth, making the implementation of the EBE method more challenging, so that its efficiency and scalability are not compromised. Therefore, this work presents a parallelized implementation of an element-by-element architecture for structural analysis of flexible pipes using finite macroelements. Four synchronization algorithms were developed and analyzed in detail, including their scalability assessment, and comparisons were made with a well-established finite element method (FEM) software with significant gains in simulation time and memory consumption.
Comparative Study of the Flow-Induced Vibration of a Circular Cylinder Attached With Front and/or Rear Splitter Plates at a Low Reynolds Number of 120
Authors: Tang Tao , Zhu Hongjun , Li Guomin , Song Jinze
Published: August 2022

This paper numerically investigates the flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder attached with front and/or rear splitter plates at a low Reynolds number of Re = 120. The effects of plate length and plate location on the hydrodynamic coefficient, vibration response, and flow wake are examined and discussed in detail. The results reveal that the hydrodynamic coefficient of the cylinder with a single rear plate is significantly reduced at Ur ≤ 8 (Ur is the reduced velocity), resulting in the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) suppression. Nevertheless, the galloping is excited at Ur > 8 due to the hydrodynamic instability, accompanied by the jump of response amplitude and hydrodynamic force, as well as the abrupt drop of response frequency. The alternate reattachment of shear layers on the plate surface introduces an extra lift force that strengthens the vibration response. By introducing an individual front plate, significant VIV suppression is achieved. The vibration exhibits variable patterns when the cylinder is equipped with bilateral plates, including the typical VIV mode, weak VIV-galloping coupling mode, and IB-galloping-DB mode (IB and DB represent the initial branch and desynchronization branch of VIV, respectively). The galloping branch in IB-galloping-DB mode is observed with an abrupt drop in response frequency, as well as a tiny time lag between the displacement and lift force. The vibration response is significantly suppressed when the cylinder is simultaneously equipped with a 1D front plate and a 1–2D rear plate due to the streamlined profile.
Optimization of the Steam Alternating Solvent Process Using Pareto-Based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Mayo-Molina Israel , Leung Juliana Y.
Published: August 2022

Steam alternating solvent (SAS) process has been proposed as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional steam-based processes for heavy oil production. It consists of injecting steam and a non-condensable gas (solvent) alternatively to reduce the oil viscosity. However, optimizing multiple process design (decision) variables is not trivial since multiple conflicting objectives (i.e., maximize the recovery factor, reduce steam–oil ratio) must be considered. Three different multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) are employed to identify a set of Pareto-optimal operational parameters. A multi-objective optimization (MOO) workflow is developed: first, a 2D reservoir model is constructed based on the Fort McMurray formation. Second, a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the most impactful decision parameters. Third, two response surface (proxy) models and three different MOEAs are employed and compared. This paper is the first to compare different MOEAs for optimizing a wide range of operational parameters for the SAS process. The results show that if more steam is injected, extending the steam cycle duration is preferable. Conversely, if more solvent is injected, it is recommended to start with injecting a solvent with high propane concentrations over short cycles and switch to lower propane concentrations over long cycles near the end.
Effects of Orifice Diameter of Pre-Chamber Jet Ignition on the Combustion Characteristics and Pressure Oscillations in a Kerosene-Fueled Engine
Authors: Liu Fengnian , Zhou Lei , Zhang Yusheng , Liu Changwen , Wei Haiqiao
Published: August 2022

Jet orifice diameter directly impacts the combustion process of the pre-chamber jet ignition (PJI) engine and the optimized diameter is varied with the fuel properties. However, research on the optimization of the jet orifice diameter based on aviation kerosene fuel has not been reported. So, this paper investigates the effect of orifice diameter on combustion, pressure oscillation, and performance based on a kerosene-fueled single-cylinder test engine. Two pressure sensors are respectively fitted in the main combustion chamber and the pre-chamber, which can capture the pressure change process and pressure oscillations phenomenon at the two positions, respectively. The result demonstrates that the throttling of the jet orifice leads to a significant three-stage pressure imbalance between the combustion chambers. With the reduction of the orifice diameter, the combustion acceleration of PJI is enhanced, resulting in an advanced combustion phase, improved combustion stability, and enhanced knock. The time-frequency analysis proves that the pressure oscillation propagation to the pre-chamber is frequency-selective and related to the orifice diameter. By matching the pre-chamber Helmholtz resonance frequency with the main chamber resonance frequency, strong pressure oscillations can be excited in the pre-chamber. Meanwhile, the pressure oscillation energy can be absorbed by the pre-chamber, which may help reduce the engine's combustion noise. Moreover, the PJI with an orifice diameter between 2 mm and 4 mm can improve the combustion stability with the ISFC reduced by 4.7–5.6%, and the IMEP increased by 1.2–2.6%.
A new species of Galumna (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae) from Malawi, with a key to known species of the genus from the Afrotropical region
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G.
Published: August 2022

A new species of Galumna (Oribatida, Galumnidae) is described from Malawian forest litter. Galumna (Galumna) ryabinini sp. nov. differs from the most similar species Galumna (Galumna) duplex by the morphology of the bothridial seta, the presence of a median pore, and the localization of the aggenital seta and notogastral lyrifissure im. An identification key to the known species/subspecies of the genus from the Afrotropical region is presented.
Personal attenuation ratings versus derated noise reduction ratings for hearing protection devices
Authors: Murphy William J. , Gong Wei , Karch Stephanie J. , Federman Jeremy , Schulz Theresa Y.
Published: August 2022

National and international regulatory and consensus standards setting bodies have previously proposed derating hearing protector ratings to provide a better match between ratings determined in a laboratory and the real-world measurements of attenuation for workers. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has proposed a derating scheme that depends upon the type of protector. This paper examines four real-world studies where personal attenuation ratings (PARs) were measured at least twice, before and after an intervention in earplug fitting techniques. Results from these studies indicate that individualized earplug fitting training dramatically improves a worker’s achieved PAR value. Additionally, derating schemes fail to accurately predict the majority of achieved PARs. Because hearing protector fit testing systems are now readily available for use in the workplace, personal attenuation ratings provide a better estimate of worker noise exposures and are able to identify those persons who need additional instruction in fitting hearing protection devices.
Kramers–Kronig relations for nonlinear rheology. Part I: General expression and implications
Authors: Shanbhag Sachin , Joshi Yogesh M.
Published: August 2022

The principle of causality leads to linear Kramers–Kronig relations (KKR) that relate the real and imaginary parts of the complex modulus G∗ through integral transforms. Using the multiple integral generalization of the Boltzmann superposition principle for nonlinear rheology, and the principle of causality, we derived nonlinear KKR, which relate the real and imaginary parts of the nth order complex modulus Gn∗. For n=3, we obtained nonlinear KKR for medium amplitude parallel superposition (MAPS) rheology. A special case of MAPS is medium amplitude oscillatory shear (MAOS); we obtained MAOS KKR for the third-harmonic MAOS modulus G33∗; however, no such KKR exists for the first harmonic MAOS modulus G31∗. We verified MAPS and MAOS KKR for the single mode Giesekus model. We also probed the sensitivity of MAOS KKR when the domain of integration is truncated to a finite frequency window. We found that (i) inferring G33′′ from G33′ is more reliable than vice versa, (ii) predictions over a particular frequency range require approximately an excess of one decade of data beyond the frequency range of prediction, and (iii) G33′ is particularly susceptible to errors at large frequencies.
Clinical Decision Making in Athletic Training
Authors: Muir Russell L.
Published: August 2022

Athletic trainers frequently make decisions under uncertain conditions leading to the use of decisional shortcuts (heuristics). Heuristics can be useful decisional tools, but their use gives rise to predictable cognitive errors (cognitive bias), which can lead to diagnostic and injury management errors. This study assessed athletic trainers’ understanding of these topics and explored their presence in athletic training education. Few participants were taught about heuristics (11.6%) and cognitive bias (24.1%), although those taught about heuristics demonstrated greater understanding of both topics. To improve clinical efficacy and patient outcomes, athletic trainers should seek educational opportunities related to heuristics and cognitive bias.
Bidirectional Associations Between Physical Activity and Pain Among Older Adults: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Davis Tyler J. , Hevel Derek J. , Dunton Genevieve F. , Maher Jaclyn P.
Published: August 2022

This paper examines the within-day, bidirectional associations between physical activity and self-reported pain among older adults. Older adults (N = 104; range: 60–98 years) participated in a 10-day Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study. Participants received six EMA prompts/day with a single item assessing pain. Participants wore an activPAL monitor measuring step counts. At the within-person level, on occasions when participants took more steps than usual in the 30 min before the EMA prompt, they were more likely to experience pain at the prompt (, p < .03). At the between-person level, greater step counts in the 30 min before the EMA prompt, on average, were associated with less pain on occasions when pain was experienced (, p < .04). Pain was not related to subsequent stepping. Bidirectional associations between physical activity and pain were not documented, but physical activity did appear to be related to subsequent pain.