bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) for Covid-19 Epidemic Affected People
Authors: Safdar Zanab , Safdar Kalsoom , Bajwa Ruqia Safdar , Hussain Shafiq , Karim Ahmad
Published: October 2021

i. Purpose of the study: Due to the rapid increase of COVID-19 cases, it has become challenging for the entire world to identify and treat infected patients at existing hospitals. In order to stop the spread of COVID-19, diseased persons need to be isolated for treatment. Hence, there is an enormous necessity to identify, monitor, and isolate patients to analyze their current situation and improve diagnostic accuracy to prevent more spread and deaths. ii. Methodology: Providentially, the recent advances in Information and communications technology (ICT) like the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) bring us opportunities to win the battle against the COVID-19 crisis. The exploratory research distributes practical assistance to the researcher for the rudimentary work. In this study, the exploratory research method was executed to explore the existing literature intensively and recognize the COVID-19 affected patients’ issues or challenges. iii. Main Findings: A new approach of IoMT-based E-Health has been designed and proposed for affected patient’s treatment in real-time. IoMT based E-Health model venture a prodigious promise to treat isolated patients where it applies existing technologies to increase quality control and access to patient healthcare centers in this COVID-19 pandemic effectively. iv. Applications of this study: IoMT-based E-Health involves significant components to track, identify, monitor, manage, store, and analyze patient information for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. With the help of the proposed approach, existing hospitals and healthcare centers can manage many infected patients, suggest treatment, and respond quickly according to their emergency alerts. v. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study aims to identify current health systems’ challenges and design a specialized model for the IoMT based E-Health systems by focusing mainly on the challenges that surfaced during COVID-19.
Challenges of Public Participation: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Suhaimi Safiah
Published: October 2021

The participation plays an important role among other people. When social participation is used today, a public participation will be rapid. The problem has happened when less participation of young people involved on youth associations. The youth has believed that they have still lacked the partcipation has needed for an effective participation and expressed little confidence in their involvement. This paper has analysed the challenges of public participation among youth associations. The methods that used a qualitative study by an interview for five youth associations in Kedah. Drawing on the final findings, two challenges which are: (i) financial and (ii) a less youth participation. Furthermore, the findings are expected to contribute to strengthening the youth associations to achieve good governance in the public participation.
Perencanaan Strategi Preventive Maintenance Pada Mesin Shot Blasting di PT. ABC dengan Klasifikasi ISMO
Authors: Budi Harja Herman , Riyanto Putra Aditya , Kresnandi Wibawa
Published: October 2021

Mesin shot blasting merupakan mesin pembersih produk hasil pengecoran  dengan mekanisme shoting bola baja dari gaya sentrifugal yang dihasilkan putaran impeller/blast wheel. Sebagai mesin utama dalam proses akhir kegiatan produksi pengecoran, penurunan kehandalan mesin sangat berdampak negatif pada sistem produksi. Saat ini strategi perawatan peralatan produksi di PT ABC masih menerapkan corrective maintenance yang pelaksanaan perawatnnya tidak terencana dan bersifat reaktif saat kegagalan fungsi mesin terjadi. Hal ini mengakibatkan tingginya production loss dan biaya perawatan meningkat. Oleh karena itu strategi perawatan pada mesin shot blasting diubah menjadi jenis perawatan pencegahan (preventive maintenance). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan sistem preventive maintenance (PM) mesin-mesin shot blasting PT. ABC berupa pembuatan jadwal PM, perhitungan waktu downtime dan kebutuhan teknisi pada setiap kegiatan PM_nya. Perencanaan sistem PM dicapai menggunakan metode ISMO (Inspection, Small repair, Medium repair dan Overhaul) dan dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan yaitu identifikasi obyek mesin, membuat spesifikasi kerja PM, menentukan nilai kerumitan dan siklus pemeliharaan, perhitungan tenaga kerja dan waktu downtime mesin, membuat jadwal tahunan dan bulanan, serta beberapa dokumen perawatan lainnya. Mekanisme penentuan nilai kerumitan, ditentukan berdasarkan kemiripan spesifikasi mesin yang terdapat pada metodologi HP Garg. Perencanaan sistem PM mesin shot blasting  telah berhasil dilakukan, beberapa informasi PM yang diperoleh yaitu (i)siklus perawatan mesin adalah C - I1 - I2 - S1 - I3 - I4 - M1 - I5 - I6 - S2 - I7 - I8 - M2 - I9 - I10 - S3 - I11 - I12 – C,  (ii) interval waktu antar kegiatan perawatan sebesar 1 bulan, (iii) waktu downtime kegiatan ISMO untuk mesin drum shot, batch shot dan hanger shot, (iv) jumlah dan level teknisi perawatan yang dibutuhkan pada setiap kegiatan ISMO untuk mesin drum shot, batch shot dan hanger shot. Verifikasi perhitungan nilai availability mesin shot blasting pada usulan jadwal PM diperoleh bahwa availability mesin meningkat menjadi lebih dari 80%.
Evaluation of maternal serum prolactin in pregnant women with gestational Diabetes mellitus
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Al- Emammain Al- Kadhemain Medical City- Baghdad/ Iraq., Hassan Manal Matlab , A. Ali Risala ,   Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/ Iraq.
Published: October 2021

Maintenance of normal glucose metabolism during pregnancy is of particular importance. Prolactin may be a mediator in pathogenesis of impaired glucose metabolism. This study aimed to assess the levels of maternal serum prolactin in pregnant women with gestational Diabetes mellitus (GDM). This prospective observational study was done at AL– Emamain AL- Kadhemain Medical City/ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Baghdad/ Iraq during the period from 1st March to 1st October 2018 on 150 pregnant women who were referred for OGTT for different indications. For all included women, maternal serum prolactin level and 75 gm OGTT was performed. The results showed that the mean±SD of maternal serum prolactin levels for all included women was (135.14±22.67) ng/ml and there was significantly negative correlation with (1hr) and (2hr) blood glucose levels of 75 gm OGTT at p value (0.027), (0.003) respectively. Out of 150 women included in the study (52) women diagnosed to have GDM and (98) women to have normal glucose tolerance. The mean±SD of maternal serum prolactin level was (123.6±13.7) ng/ml in GDM group which is significantly lower in comparison with mean ±SD (141.3±24.1) ng/ml in normal group at p value (0.0001). It can be concluded that women with GDM showed significantly lower serum prolactin levels in comparison with levels in women with normal glucose tolerance.
Learning During a Pandemic: The Impact of Digital Badges on Staff Training
Authors:   Spartanburg County Public Libraries, Wright Jennifer
Published: October 2021

During the pandemic, the Spartanburg County Public Libraries implemented a new learning management system with a digital badging component. The digital badges were enthusiastically received by staff and increased training completion rates significantly. Even without an LMS, other libraries can create badging for continuing education using a variety of online resources. Digital badging is an important motivational tool to use for continuing education, especially as training goes virtual due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assessing the toxicities of the binary mixtures of sodium dodecyl sulfate and heavy metals to Serratia marcescens (SerEW01) from Otamiri River
Authors: Okechi Reuben Nwoye , Chukwura Edna Ifeoma , Nweke Christain Okechukwu
Published: October 2021

Toxicities of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) + Pb(II), SDS + Cd(II), SDS + Ni(II), SDS + Zn(II), and SDS + Co(II) binary mixtures to Serratia marcescens (SerEW01) isolated from Otamiri river water, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria were undertaken, using dehydrogenase activity as a response. Inhibitions of dehydrogenase activity by the individual toxicants were concentration-dependent, increasing steadily as the concentration increases. The observed EC50S ranged from 0.046 Â± 0.003 mM for Zn(II) to 2.329 Â± 0.092 mM for SDS. Duncan tests indicated that the EC50S of the individual toxicants differed significantly from each other. The order of decreasing toxicities was Zn(II) > Cd(II) > Co(II) > Ni(II) > Pb(II) > SDS. Fixed ratio mixtures [Arbitrary concentration ratio (ABCR) and EC50 equieffect concentration ratio (EECR 50)] were used to study the joint action of the binary mixtures. The mixtures progressively inhibited dehydrogenase activity in S. marcescens as the concentration increases. However, SDS 98.08% + Co(II) 1.92% mixture ratio was biphasic. The effects of the mixtures on the dehydrogenase activity were assessed using Toxic Index, Model Deviation Ratio and Isobolographic analyses. In addition, the toxicities of the mixtures were predicted with concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models. In SDS+Ni(II) binary mixture, both models predicted similar toxicities. In all binary mixtures, both models greatly underestimated the mixture toxicities compared to the experimentally-observed data. Similarly, both the experimentally-observed, CA and IA-predicted EC50S were statistically different from each another. Furthermore, the binary mixtures were generally synergistic against S. marcescens (SerEW01). This demonstrates the potential danger of co-contamination of the aquatic system by SDS and heavy metals
Effectiveness of climate change adaptation interventions in sub-Saharan Africa and the impact of funding modalities: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors:   Stockholm Environment Institute, Macura Biljana , Canales Nella , Bakhtaoui Inès , Taylor Richard , Kwamboka Elvine , Diaz-Chavez Rocio , Vanhuyse Fedra , Garside Ruth , Ndiaye Daouda Ben Oumar , Sang Joan , Schaar Johan , Vaughan Kit , Klein Richard J.T.
Published: October 2021

International climate finance plays a key role in enabling the implementation of adaptation measures. However, while there is a common metric for gauging the effectiveness of finance for mitigation – greenhouse gas emission reduction per unit of funding – no corresponding metric exists for adaptation. Instead, assessments of what works best in adaptation finance focus either on procedural aspects of funding modalities, such as equity in the allocation of funding, or on the extent to which specific adaptation activities produce the desired results. This mixed methods systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of adaptation finance and bridge the gap between those two approaches. It involves a transparent and comprehensive synthesis of the academic and grey literature on how different characteristics of adaptation projects in sub-Saharan Africa – and finance for those projects – affect adaptation outcomes, particularly in terms of risk and vulnerability to climate change impacts. Finalised adaptation projects funded by a set of the multilateral climate funds and two bilateral donors (United Kingdom and Sweden) are the focus of this review. The findings can help inform the future design and implementation of adaptation activities as well as funding decisions.
The number and composition of the main groups of microorganisms in alluvial drained soils, depending on the type of land, the use of fertilizers and biological products
Authors:   ООО ", Saakian Alexander ,   БАЛАНС ПРОФИ"
Published: October 2021

The paper considers the results of studying the number and composition of the microbiological community of alluvial bog soils formed in the floodplain of the Kudma River, Bogorodsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Region. The microbiological pool of the soil was estimated on the basis of counting the total number of colonies on nutrient media: MPA, KAA, Gauze No. 1, Chapeka-Doksa, Golodny agar. Studies have established that the largest microbial pool is possessed by the soils of an 18-year old fallow, the lowest - by the soils of an undrained area; on the plots used for haymaking and arable land, the total number of microorganisms was 1.5 times lower than in the fallow. The most common in the studied soils were representatives of the heterotroph group (MPA medium). The composition of microorganisms was determined by subtype differences between soils, the degree of hydromorphism, and the type of land. According to the results of the vegetation experiment, it was found that the number and composition of the soil microbiota depended to a greater extent on the temperature regime and biological products; the greatest positive effect was produced by preparations containing strains of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Keywords: ALLUVIAL SWEET DRAINED SOILS, BEDROOM, HAYOFET, GRASSLAND, ACTINOMYCETES, BACTERIA, MUSHROOM MICROORGANISMS, FERTILIZERS, BIOPREPARATIONS
Insights into the abnormal increase of ozone during COVID-19 in a typical urban city of China
Authors: Zhang Kun , Liu Zhiqiang , Zhang Xiaojuan , Li Qing , Jensen Andrew , Tan Wen , Huang Ling , Wang Yangjun , de Gouw Joost , Li Li
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The outbreak of COVID-19 promoted strict restrictions to human activities in China, which led to dramatic decrease in most air pollutant concentrations (e.g., PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2, and CO). However, abnormal increase of ozone (O3) concentrations was found during the lockdown period in most urban areas of China. In this study, we conducted a field measurement targeting ozone and its key precursors by utilizing a novel proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) in Changzhou, which is representative for the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) city cluster of China. We further applied the integrated methodology including machine learning, observation-based model (OBM), and sensitivity analysis to get insights into the reasons causing the abnormal increase of ozone. Major findings include: (1) By deweathered calculation, we found changes in precursor emissions contributed 5.1 ppbv to the observed O3 during the Full-lockdown period, while meteorological conditions only contributed 0.5 ppbv to the O3 changes. (2) By using an OBM model, we found that although significant reduction of O3 precursors was observed during Full-lockdown period, the photochemical formation of O3 was stronger than that during the Pre-lockdown period. (3) The NOx / VOCs ratio dropped dramatically from 1.84 during Pre-lockdown to 0.79 in Full-lockdown period, which switched O3 formation from VOCs-limited regime to the conjunction of NOx- and VOC-limited regime. Additionally, the decrease in NOx / VOCs ratio during Full-lockdown period was supposed to increase the MeanO3 by 2.4 ppbv. Results of this study investigate insights into the relationship between O3 and its precursors in urban area, demonstrating reasons causing the abnormal increase of O3 in most urban areas of China during the COVID-19 lock-down period. This study also underlines the necessity of controlling anthropogenic OVOCs, alkenes, and aromatics in the sustained campaign of reducing O3 pollution in China.
A new approach to simulate peat accumulation, degradation and stability in a global land surface scheme (JULES vn5.8_accumulate_soil)
Authors: Chadburn Sarah E. , Burke Eleanor J. , Gallego-Sala Angela V. , Smith Noah D. , Bret-Harte M. Syndonia , Charman Dan J. , Drewer Julia , Edgar Colin W. , Euskirchen Eugenie S. , Fortuniak Krzysztof , Gao Yao , Nakhavali Mahdi , Pawlak Włodzimierz , Schuur Edward A. G. , Westermann Sebastian
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Peatlands have often been neglected in Earth System Models (ESMs). Where they are included, they are usually represented via a separate, prescribed grid cell fraction that is given the physical characteristics of a peat (highly organic) soil. However, in reality soils vary on a spectrum between purely mineral soil (no organic material), and purely organic soil, typically with an organic layer of variable thickness overlying mineral soil below. They are also dynamic, with organic layer thickness and its properties changing over time. Neither the spectrum of soil types nor their dynamic nature can be captured by current ESMs. Here we present a new version of an ESM land surface scheme (Joint UK Land Environment Simulator, JULES) where soil organic matter accumulation - and thus peatland formation, degradation and stability – is integrated in the vertically-resolved soil carbon scheme. We also introduce the capacity to track soil carbon age as a function of depth in JULES, and compare this to measured peat age-depth profiles. This scheme simulates dynamic feedbacks between the soil organic material and its thermal and hydraulic characteristics. We show that draining the peatlands can lead to significant carbon loss along with soil compaction and changes in peat properties. However, negative feedbacks can lead to the potential for peatlands to rewet themselves following drainage. These ecohydrological feedbacks can also lead to peatlands maintaining themselves in climates where peat formation would not otherwise initiate in the model, i.e. displaying some degree of resilience. The new model produces similar results to the original model for mineral soils, and realistic profiles of soil organic carbon for peatlands. In particular the best performing configurations had root mean squared error (RMSE) in carbon density for peat sites of 7.7–16.7 kgC m−3 depending on climate zone, when compared against typical peat profiles based on 216 sites from a global dataset of peat cores. This error is considerably smaller than the soil carbon itself (around 30–60 kgC m−3) and reduced by 35–80 % compared with standard JULES. The RMSE at mineral soil sites is also smaller in JULES-Peat than JULES itself (reduced by ~30–50 %). Thus JULES-Peat can be used as a complete scheme that simulates both organic and mineral soils. It does not require any additional input data and introduces minimal additional variables to the model. This provides a new approach for improving the simulation of organic and peatland soils, and associated carbon-cycle feedbacks in ESMs, which other land surface models could follow.
Continuous Monitoring of a Soil Aquifer Treatment System’s Physico-Chemical Conditions to Optimize Operational Performance
Authors: Turkeltaub Tuvia , Furman Alex , Mannheim Ron , Weisbrod Noam
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is a tertiary process for wastewater treatment where the wastewater infiltrates through a thick vadose zone for purification and storage in the underneath aquifer. SAT infiltration basins are typically flooded intermittently, while maintaining a fixed ratio between the wetting and the drying stages. However, infiltration basins exhibit different physical and chemical properties, limiting the generalization of SAT operation to attain optimal efficiency. Since frequent sampling of the soil pore water to verify the SAT’s biodegradation efficiency can be arduous, continuous monitoring of the SAT vadose zone’s physico-chemical conditions is required. In this study, redox potential (Eh) was continuously monitored, together with other variables such as water content (θ), soil temperature, and gaseous oxygen (O2), at multiple depths of a SAT vadose zone throughout the year and while the system was constrained to different operational modes. Hydrological models were calibrated and validated to water content observations, and they illustrated the seasonal changes in water infiltration. Furthermore, it was shown that under long wetting stages during winter, there was a reduction in the SAT’s drainage capabilities. The Eh observations, under long wetting stages, demonstrated larger variability and very negative values as ambient temperature increased. Assembling the daily Eh observations illustrated that a wetting stage should cease after about 30 hours, once suboxic conditions are established. A drying stage’s optimal duration should be 36 hours, according to the Eh and O2 observations during summer and winter. Ultimately, the study shows that the length of wetting and drying stages should be defined separately, rather than by adhering to the wetting/drying ratio.
Technical note: Evaporating water is different from bulk soil water in δ2H and δ18O and has implications for evaporation calculation
Authors: Wang Hongxiu , Jin Jingjing , Cui Buli , Si Bingcheng , Ma Xiaojun , Wen Mingyi
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Soil evaporation is a key process in the water cycle and can be conveniently quantified using δ2H and δ18O in bulk surface soil water (BW). However, recent research shows that soil
water in larger pores evaporates first and differs from water in smaller
pores in δ2H and δ18O, which disqualifies the
quantification of evaporation from BW δ2H and δ18O. We hypothesized that BW had different isotopic compositions from evaporating water (EW). Therefore, our objectives were to test this hypothesis first and then evaluate whether the isotopic difference alters the calculated evaporative water loss. We measured the isotopic composition of soil water during two continuous evaporation periods in a summer maize field. Period I had a duration of 32 d, following a natural precipitation event, and period II lasted 24 d, following an irrigation event with a 2H-enriched water. BW was obtained by cryogenically extracting water from samples of 0–5 cm soil taken every 3 d; EW was derived from condensation water collected every 2 d on a plastic film placed on the soil surface. The results showed that when event water was heavier than pre-event BW, δ2H of BW in period II decreased, with an increase in evaporation time, indicating heavy water evaporation. When event water was lighter than the pre-event BW, δ2H and δ18O of BW in period I and δ18O of BW in period II increased with increasing evaporation time, suggesting light water evaporation. Moreover, relative to BW, EW had significantly smaller δ2H and δ18O in period I and significantly smaller δ18O in period II (p<0.05). These observations suggest that the evaporating water was close to the event water, both of which differed from the bulk soil water. Furthermore, the event water might be in larger pores from which evaporation takes precedence. The soil evaporative water losses derived from EW isotopes were compared with those from BW. With a small isotopic difference between EW and BW, the evaporative water losses in the soil did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Our results have important implications for quantifying evaporation processes using water stable isotopes. Future studies are needed to investigate how soil water isotopes partition differently between pores in soils with different pore size distributions and how this might affect soil evaporation estimation.
Preface: 3D GeoInfo 2021
Authors: Truong-Hong L. , Jia F. , Che E. , Emamgholian S. , Laefer D. , Vo A. V.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. 3D GeoInfo 2021, the 16th GeoInfo conference, is an annual ISPRS workshop offering a forum for leading international decision makers and prominent voices in the field of 3D Geoinformation across the academic, commercial, and public sectors. The 2021 workshop is organized in conjunction with the 7th International FIG workshop on 3D Cadastres. The 2021 event was held virtually. Topics included: 3D data creation and acquisition 3D data processing and analysis 3D data management - data quality, metadata, provenance and trust Data integration, information fusion, multi-modal data analysis 3D visualization, including gamification, virtual reality, augmented reality 3D and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning 3D and Big Data, parallel computing, cloud computing 3D city modeling, underground infrastructure modeling, topography, and bathymetry modeling Building Information Modeling, Digital Twins, Smart Cities, Smart Infrastructure Usability and Human-Computer interaction in 3D GIS 3D GIS, spatial analysis and other applications (such as 3D cadastral systems, land administration, utilities, asset management, infrastructure, navigation, urban planning, geology, archaeology, marine systems, simulations, autonomous vehicles, facilities management, energy modeling, disaster and risk management, pandemic monitoring) The 3D GeoInfo 2021 tracks received 73 manuscripts including 30 full papers and 43 extended abstracts. The manuscripts were reviewed with a double-blind review process by members of the organizing and scientific committee and external reviewers. Ultimately 24 papers were accepted for the ISPRS Annals and 24 papers for the ISPRS Archives. We thank all of the authors and reviewers for their contributions.We look forward to the 3D GeoInfo 2021 virtual oral presentations and the opportunity to exchange ideas within our workshop and with the presenters and visitors of the 7th International FIG workshop on 3D Cadastres.
3D CITYLUR: MODELLING 3D CITY LAND-USE REGULATIONS TO SUPPORT ISSUING A PLANNING PERMIT
Authors: Emamgholian S. , Pouliot J. , Shojaei D.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The applications and understanding of Land-use Regulations (LuR) are more communicable when they are linked to the digital representation of the physical world. In order to support issuing a planning permit and move towards the establishment of automated planning permit checks, this paper investigates how LuRs related to a planning permit process can be modelled in 3D called 3D CityLuR. 3D CityLuR serves as a 3D model for representing LuRs’ legal extents on a city scale. It is formed based on multiple geometric modelling approaches representing LuRs, which can provide a better cognitive understanding of LuRs and subsequently facilitate LuR automatic checks. To this purpose, according to LuRs’ descriptions and characteristics explained in related planning documents, key parameters representing LuRs’ extent are identified (e.g. maximum distance in overlooking or maximum allowed height in building height regulations). Accordingly, to automatically model each LuR, a geometric modelling approach (e.g. Boundary Representation (B-Rep), CSG, and extrusion) that best fits with the identified key parameters is proposed. In addition, to combine 3D CityLuR with an integrated BIM-GIS environment, the level of information need in terms of geometries and semantics is specified. Finally, the paper results in a showcase for five LuRs including building height, energy efficiency protection, overshadowing open space, overlooking, and noise impacts regulations. The showcase is a proof of concept for determining how these LuRs can be modelled in 3D and combined with 3D city models based on the selected geometric modelling approaches, identified parameters, and level of information need.
RECONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURES FROM AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Goebbels S. , Dalitz C.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The paper deals with the 3D reconstruction of bridges from Airborne Laser Scanning point clouds and cadastral footprints. The generated realistic 3D objects can be used to enhance city models. While other studies have focused on bridge decks to fill gaps in digital elevation models, this paper focuses on the decomposition of superstructures into construction elements such as pylons, cables and arches. For this purpose, the bridge type is classified, and a combination of model-based and data-based methods is used that are built on the detection of arcs, catenaries, and line segments in the point clouds. The described techniques were successfully applied to create 3D models of the Rhine bridges in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
EVALUATING URBAN INTENSITY THROUGH A CITY INFORMATION MODEL – INTERMEDIATE RESULTS FROM AN ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT
Authors: Deprêtre A. , Jacquinod F.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Urban planning is a very complex task, especially considering the many challenges it faces, including an increasing need for housing in response to demographic growth and a need to limit abusive land artificialisation. As part of an interdisciplinary action-research project focused on experimenting with various uses of an existing City Information Model (CIM) for urban design, we are developing a new indicator to characterize urban intensity and a method to quantify it through the City Information Model (CIM) of a French eco-district. Our project is ongoing, and, in this paper, we present intermediate results on the potential of this CIM to support the automated quantification of our urban intensity indicator. We also describe the solutions currently implemented so that our experimental CIM can provide the necessary information for a more complete and automated urban intensity analysis. Finally, we shed light on key issues regarding the use of CIM, specifically CIM made up of various BIM models (of buildings lots and public spaces) for urban analysis at the district scale during the design phase. These issues include the need to generalize BIM entities and to manage property sets and nomenclatures to allow automation of analyses at the district scale, as long as there is no BIM+ data model allowing for urban analysis.
IFC-CENTRIC VEGETATION MODELLING FOR BIM
Authors: Gobeawan L. , Lin S. E. , Liu X. , Wong S. T. , Lim C. W. , Gaw Y-F. L. , Wong N. H. , Tan P. Y. , Tan C. L. , He Y.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. There has been a growing interest in integrating vegetation into the built environment in order to ameliorate the negative effects of increasing urbanisation. In Singapore, government policies encourage the inclusion of skyrise greenery into new and existing buildings. To further streamline workflows, statutory BIM (Building Information Modelling) submissions in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industries have been mandated. However, landscape plans are still excluded from these BIM submissions due to the lack of a centralised vegetation database and the absence of a standardised BIM format for landscape architectural submissions. This paper presents a streamlined methodology for creating and using a centralised vegetation library for landscape architects. The workflow leverages off the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard for data exchange regardless of the BIM authoring software used and provides a framework of four operational modules: an expandable and low-maintenance species-level vegetation library, a BIM authoring workflow that allows inclusion of vegetation objects, an IFC interface, and a lightweight 3D vegetation model generator. This paper also showcases a use-case of embedding information-enriched 3D vegetation objects into a simulated landscape plan. The proposed workflow, when adopted in AEC industries, will enable governing agencies to track diverse greening efforts by the industry and to potentially include other measurements such as cooling performance or maintainability.
A CATEGORY-THEORY APPROACH FOR CONSTRUCTION ONTOLOGIES IN SUBSURFACE MASS TRANSIT
Authors: Agostini G. S. , Zhang Y. , Laefer D. F.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The construction and expansion of subway systems represents an important step towards better livability conditions in a rapidly urbanizing world. However, underground construction has not benefited from well-established ontologies of semantic and geometric representation, such as Building Information Modelling (which is used for standalone structures) and City Geography Markup Language (which is designed for continuous urban elements). To bridge that gap, this paper proposes a novel and highly flexible means to underpin a relevant ontology. The approach uses the ontology log, or olog, a model of knowledge representation based on Category Theory. In an olog, dependencies between objects are restricted to functional relationships (for every object there is a unique correspondence). This robust mathematical formulation allows for a more flexible, yet also informative and user-readable model of the studied entities. In this paper, the olog’s usability is demonstrated through the ontological representation of common items in the fare-control areas of two New York City metro stations. Ologs are shown to capture similar underlying structures both across different stations and within the same station. Importantly, the olog allows for further generalization to incorporate pre-existing data, as well as being a transferable framework for conceptualizations of other metro systems.
ADDRESSING THE ELEPHANT IN THE UNDERGROUND: AN ARGUMENT FOR THE INTEGRATION OF HETEROGENEOUS DATA SOURCES FOR RECONCILIATION OF SUBSURFACE UTILITY DATA
Authors: Hansen L. H. , van Son R. , Wieser A. , Kjems E.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. In this paper we address the issue of unreliable subsurface utility information. Data on subsurface utilities are often positionally inaccurate, not up to date, and incomplete, leading to increased uncertainty, costs, and delays incurred in underground-related projects. Despite opportunities for improvement, the quality of legacy data remains unaddressed. We address the legacy data issue by making an argument for an approach towards subsurface utility data reconciliation that relies on the integration of heterogeneous data sources. These data sources can be collected at opportunities that occur throughout the life cycle of subsurface utilities and include as-built GIS records, GPR scans, and open excavation 3D scans. By integrating legacy data with newly captured data sources, it is possible to verify, (re)classify and update the data and improve it for future use. To demonstrate the potential of an integration-driven data reconciliation approach, we present real-world use cases from Denmark and Singapore. From these cases, challenges towards implementation of the approach were identified that include a lack of technological readiness, a lack of incentive to capture and share the data, increased cost, and data sharing concerns. Future research should investigate in detail how various data sources lead to improved data quality, develop a data model that brings together all necessary data sources for integration, and a framework for governance and master data management to ensure roles and responsibilities can be feasibly enacted.
NEW POTREE SHADER CAPABILITIES FOR 3D VISUALIZATION OF BEHAVIORS NEAR COVID-19 RICH HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
Authors: Carey C. , Romero J. , Laefer D. F.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. While data on human behavior in COVID-19 rich environments have been captured and publicly released, spatial components of such data are recorded in two-dimensions. Thus, the complete roles of the built and natural environment cannot be readily ascertained. This paper introduces a mechanism for the three-dimensional (3D) visualization of egress behaviors of individuals leaving a COVID-19 exposed healthcare facility in Spring 2020 in New York City. Behavioral data were extracted and projected onto a 3D aerial laser scanning point cloud of the surrounding area rendered with Potree, a readily available open-source Web Graphics Library (WebGL) point cloud viewer. The outcomes were 3D heatmap visualizations of the built environment that indicated the event locations of individuals exhibiting specific characteristics (e.g., men vs. women; public transit users vs. private vehicle users). These visualizations enabled interactive navigation through the space accessible through any modern web browser supporting WebGL. Visualizing egress behavior in this manner may highlight patterns indicative of correlations between the environment, human behavior, and transmissible diseases. Findings using such tools have the potential to identify high-exposure areas and surfaces such as doors, railings, and other physical features. Providing flexible visualization capabilities with 3D spatial context can enable analysts to quickly advise and communicate vital information across a broad range of use cases. This paper presents such an application to extract the public health information necessary to form localized responses to reduce COVID-19 infection and transmission rates in urban areas.
THE IMPACT OF LEVEL OF DETAIL IN 3D CITY MODELS FOR CFD-BASED WIND FLOW SIMULATIONS
Authors: García-Sánchez C. , Vitalis S. , Paden I. , Stoter J.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Climate change and urbanization rates are transforming urban environments, making the use of 3D city models in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) a fundamental ingredient to evaluate urban layouts before construction. However, current geometries used in CFD simulations tend to be built by CFD experts to test specific cases, most of the times oversimplifying their designs due to lack of information or in order to reduce complexity. In this work we explore what are the effects of oversimplifying geometries by comparing wind simulations of different level of detail geometries. We use semantic 3D city models automatically built and adjust them to their suitable use in CFD. For the first test, we explore wind simulations within a troublesome section of the TUDelft campus, the passage next to the EWI building (the tallest building in our domain), where the use of 3D city model variants show how differences in geometry and surface properties affect local wind conditions. Finally we analyze what these differences in velocity magnitude could mean for practitioners in terms of pedestrian wind comfort.
MAP GENERATION FOR RETRO GAMING ENGINES
Authors: Tauscher H. , Le V. T.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Current attempts to integrate gaming, geospatial and AEC technologies are driven by increased hardware capabilities and target virtual worlds as close to reality as possible. In this paper we pursue a converse destination and populate low-tech virtual worlds from geospatial data, building and city models, specifically for retro gaming engines in spatial chat tools. We consider an island, a building and a city district scenario and populate these scenarios from OSM, IFC, and CityGML data sources. The derived worlds are targeting use cases in business, educational and recreational settings. Based on a prototypical implementation, we study the feasibility and limitations of good quality retro gaming map generation with automatic means from existing data sets, but also the potential of such worlds for Green IT, accessibility and inspiration of new user groups. We describe the algorithms and processes to generate the maps and outline the concept for a user survey. Beyond that, by discussing map generation techniques from classical gaming in context of and comparison with geospatial and AEC practices, this paper contributes a retrospective of early gaming techniques that might be both entertaining and informative for current development practice.
ALS POINT CLOUD CLASSIFICATION USING POINTNET++ AND KPCONV WITH PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Kada M. , Kuramin D.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. In the practical and professional work of classifying airborne laser scanning (ALS) point clouds, there are nowadays numerous methods and software applications available that are able to separate the points into a few basic categories and do so with a known and consistent quality. Further refinement of the classes then requires either manual or semi-automatic work, or the use of supervised machine learning algorithms. In using supervised machine learning, e.g. Deep Learning neural networks, however, there is a significant chance that they will not maintain the approved quality of an existing classification. In this study, we therefore evaluate the application of two neural networks, PointNet++ and KPConv, and propose to integrate prior knowledge from a pre-existing classification in the form of height above ground and an encoding of the already available labels as additional per-point input features. Our experiments show that such an approach can improve the quality of the 3D classification results by 6% to 10% in mean intersection over union (mIoU) depending on the respective network, but it also cannot completely avoid the aforementioned problems.
Diagnosis of orthopaedic-implant-associated infections caused by slow-growing Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria – a clinical perspective
Authors: Ponraj Diana Salomi , Falstie-Jensen Thomas , Jørgensen Nis Pedersen , Ravn Christen , Brüggemann Holger , Lange Jeppe
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Slow-growing Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria (SGAB) such as
Cutibacterium acnes are increasingly recognized as causative agents of implant-associated infections (IAIs) in orthopaedic surgeries. SGAB IAIs are difficult to diagnose because of their non-specific clinical and laboratory findings as well as the fastidious growth conditions required by these bacteria. A high degree of clinical suspicion and awareness of the various available diagnostic methods is therefore important. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge regarding SGAB IAI, providing details about clinical features and available diagnostic methodologies. In recent years, new methods for the diagnosis of IAI were developed, but there is limited knowledge about their usefulness in SGAB IAI. Further studies are required to determine the ideal diagnostic methodology to identify these infections so that they are not overlooked and mistakenly classified as aseptic failure.
Air-sea heat flux during warming season determines the interannual variation of bottom cold water mass in a semi-enclosed bay
Authors: Zhu Junying , Shi Jie , Guo Xinyu
Published: October 2021

Abstract. A bottom cold water mass (BCWM) is a widespread physical oceanographic phenomenon in coastal seas, and its temperature variability has an important effect on the marine ecological environment. In this study, the interannual variation of the BCWM in Iyo-Nada (INCWM), a semi-enclosed bay in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, from 1994 to 2015 and its influencing factors were investigated using monthly observational data and a hydrodynamic model. The interannual variation in water temperature inside the INCWM showed a negative correlation with the area of the INCWM, and positive correlations with the local water temperature from April to July and with remote water temperature below 10 m in an adjacent strait in July. Differing from previously studied BCWMs, which had interannual variations depending closely on the water temperature before the warming season, the interannual variation of INCWM depends strongly on the air-sea heat flux during the warming season via local vertical heat transport and lateral heat advection. Further, by comparing several BCWMs, we found that the BCWM size is a key factor in understanding the mechanisms responsible for the interannual variation of BCWMs in coastal seas. These findings will help to predict bottom water temperatures and improve the current understanding of ecosystem changes in shelf seas under global climate change.
Extreme Atlantic hurricane seasons made more likely by ocean warming
Authors: Pfleiderer Peter , Nath Shruti , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Tropical cyclones are among the most damaging and fatal extreme weather events. An increase in Atlantic tropical cyclone activity has been observed, but attribution to global warming remains challenging due to large inter-annual variability and modelling challenges. Here we show that the increase in Atlantic tropical cyclone activity since the 1980s can be robustly ascribed to changes in atmospheric circulation as well as sea surface temperature (SST) increase. Using a novel weather pattern based statistical model, we find that the forced warming trend in Atlantic SSTs over the 1982–2018 period increased the probability of extremely active tropical cyclone seasons by 14 %. Seasonal atmospheric circulation remains the dominant factor explaining both inter-annual variability and the observed increase. Our weather pattern-based statistical decomposition helps to understand the role of atmospheric variability for the Atlantic tropical cyclone activity and provides a new perspective on the role of ocean warming.
Manajemen Strategi untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan
Authors: Setiawati Fenty
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena bahwa pendidikan menjadi lebih baik jika dikelola dengan manajemen strategi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Madrasah Aliyah Syamsul 'Ulum Gunung Puyuh Kota Sukabumi. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi lapangan. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Peneliti menemukan bahwa perencanaan dan pelaksanaan manajemen strategi di MA Syamsul 'Ulum Kota Sukabumi dilakukan melalui berbagai kegiatan, di antaranya: Perumusan dan penetapan visi dan misi; Analisis peluang, ancaman, hambatan dan alternatif pemecahan masalah; Pengadaan ma'had; Pembukaan kelas pengayaan; Peningkatan mutu pembelajaran dan pendidik. Sementara itu kegiatan evaluasi di Madrasah Aliyah Syamsul ‘Ulum dilakukan melalui: Pertemuan resmi baik pertemuan Kepala Sekolah dengan komite; Pertemuan khusus kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, guru, karyawan dan  pimpinan yayasan; dan berbagai pertemuan yang menghasilkan kegiatan yang bermanfaat.
Representación de las mujeres artistas en el Museo del Prado, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza y Museo Nacional Reina Sofía de Madrid
Authors: Izquierdo Expósito Violeta , Zurbano Arrese Erika
Published: October 2021

La presencia de las mujeres artistas en los grandes museos nacionales es escasa tanto por  el número de obras expuestas en sus colecciones como por las exposiciones temporales que a ellas dedican estos centros. El objetivo de este artículo ha sido constatar la representación de las creadoras femeninas en el Museo del Prado, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza y Museo Nacional Reina Sofía de Madrid. El periodo escogido para este análisis abarca desde 2001 al 2020. Atendiendo a los resultados obtenidos en nuestro estudio hemos podido concluir que los tres museos evidencian una clara sub-representación de autoras en sus colecciones.
Entre "la España que quieres es feminista" y "fuera chiringuitos de género": feminismo y colectivo LGTBI en las elecciones generales de 2019
Authors: Brandariz Portela Tania , Semova Dimitrina Jivkova , Costa Escuredo Alejandro
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el discurso político sobre género en la campaña electoral del PSOE y Vox en las elecciones del 28A en España. Con este fin, nos centramos en los mensajes en la red social Twitter entre los días 12 y 26 de abril de 2019 a través de un estudio cualitativo. El análisis de los dos partidos políticos constata una creciente polarización política y social, especialmente acentuada en cuestiones de género y en derechos de las mujeres. Se ha optado por estas dos fuerzas por considerarlas antagónicas en su discurso sobre el tema y por sus diferentes posiciones políticas (Gobierno y oposición). La polarización en los discursos encontró reflejo en la red social donde el PSOE utilizó hashtags como #LaEspañaQueQuieresEsFeminista, #NiUnPasoAtrás, #NoEsNo, mientras Vox apostó por #NoHablesEnMiNombre, #FueraChiringuitosDeGénero o #FemiMarxistas.
Las Redes sociales como ámbito del auge deporte femenino. Estudio de casos en Twitter
Authors: Galván Cárdenas Álvaro
Published: October 2021

Hoy en día entendemos el deporte como un fenómeno de masas, aunque la modalidad femenina ha visto lastrada su evolución por los estereotipos de género. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, la idea del deporte como ámbito masculino se ha ido disipando y el auge del deporte femenino y sus deportistas ha sido evidente. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el creciente interés del público en esta modalidad. El análisis se centrará en Twitter, medidor actual de la popularidad y el alcance de fenómenos. Así, se estudiarán y se compararán los seguidores de diferentes perfiles (mujeres deportistas, sus clubes e incluso sus selecciones nacionales). Los datos extraídos nos ayudarán a tomar una mayor conciencia de cómo, cuándo y por qué se ha producido el auge del deporte femenino.