bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic characteristics associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences, a latent class analysis. The WIRUS screening study
Authors: Skogen Jens Christoffer , Bøe Tormod , Thørrisen Mikkel Magnus , Riper Heleen , Aas Randi Wågø
Published: August 2019

Background For alcohol, the association with socioeconomic status (SES) is different than for other public health challenges – the associations are complex, and heterogeneous between socioeconomic groups. Specifically, the relationship between alcohol consumption per se and adverse health consequences seems to be different across SES. This observation is called the ‘alcohol harm paradox’.Aims This study aims to describe different patterns of alcohol use and potential problems. Next, the associations between sub-groups characterized by different patterns of alcohol use and potential problems, and age, gender, educational level, percentage of employment, occupational level and income is analysed.Methods Employing data from the ongoing cross-sectional WIRUS-study, N=4,318 participants were included in the present study. Individual response patterns of the ten-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were analysed and latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify latent groups. Next, the associations between the classes identified in the best fitting LCA-model and sociodemographic factors was analysed and presented.Results We found support for 3 classes based on the response patterns on AUDIT. Class 1 was characterised by low-level alcohol consumption and very low probability of negative alcohol-related consequences (items 4-10 on AUDIT) related to their alcohol consumption. Class 2 was characterised by a higher level of consumption, but despite this, class 2 also had a relatively low probability of reporting negative alcohol-related consequences. Class 3, however, was characterised by high levels of alcohol consumption, and a high probability of reporting negative consequences of their consumption. The classes identified were systematically differentially associated with the included measures of SES.Conclusions Our findings highlight the interconnectedness of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. Further, our related the identified classes and SES yields further insights into to intricate relationship between various socioeconomic factors, alcohol use patterns and related negative consequences.
STAG2 Coupled With p53 Alteration Has a Significant Impact on Bladder Cancer Recurrence and Progression
Authors: Chen Jiangchuan , Xu Zhigang , Meng Xiao-Dong , Li Jie , Chen Yin
Published: August 2019

Background:There is an unmet need for additional biomarkers for stratifying tumors based on their risk of recurrence and progression. Stromal antigen 2 (STAG2) and p53 are the most common mutations in bladder cancer and their association with the prognosis of bladder cancer remains unclear.Methods:Patients were divided into two cohorts according to stage and surgical procedure. The value of combined STAG2 expression (+/-) and P53 mutation (+/-) was evaluated for prediction of recurrence in 334 patients diagnosed by transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and for prediction of survival in 144 patients who underwent radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy( RCPLT).Results:We found that,in the 334 TURBT-treated patients, recurrence rate was significantly greater for STAG2(+) tumors than STAG2(-) tumors (73.5% vs. 55.0%, P=0.001). Of 144 RCPLT-treated patients, 127 (88.2%) were STAG2(+), of which 71 (55.9%) survived 5 years, compared to none of the 17 STAG2(-) patients. Patients with combined STAG2(+)/P53 mutation(+) tumors had the highest recurrence rate (83.5%) while patients with STAG2(-)/P53(-) tumors had the lowest recurrence rate (50%). Patients with STAG2(+)/P53(-) tumors achieved the highest 5-year survival rate (69.7%). Systemic chemotherapy did not improve prognosis of RCPLT-treated patients, but appeared to benefit STAG2(-) patients.Conclusions: Our results suggest that combined STAG2 expression and P53 status is a valuable biomarker for BCa prognosis, accurately predicting recurrence in TURBT-treated patients. STAG2(+)/P53(-) predicted a higher five-year survival and STAG2(-) predicted low five-year survival in RCPLT-treated patients. Chemotherapy may interfere with this predictive efficacy, especially in STAG2(-) patients.
Detection of minimal residual disease in adult acute myeloid leukemia via CD25
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Yan , Ma Lan , Hu Wen-Qing , Jiang Bin
Published: August 2019

Background
We detected the expression of CD25 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to value whether CD25 could be a promising marker for minimal residual disease (MRD).
Methods
Two hundred and twenty bone marrow (BM) specimens from 98 adult patients with AML after chemotherapy were detected using flow cytometry. The expression of CD25 was compared between MRD positive and negative subgroups.
Results
About 38% of patients with MRD were positive for CD25. The mean percentage of CD25-positive cell subpopulation was 58.68% relative to the whole MRD cluster (0.05%-100%). The mean fluorescence index ratio (MFIR) of CD25 in these cell subpopulations was approximately13-fold greater than that in normal myeloblasts. The detection sensitivity of CD25 was as high as 10 -4 . CD25 was also expressed on non-leukemic stem cells that were positive for CD34 and CD38.
Conclusion
CD25, as assessed by flow cytometry, is a promising marker for MRD in patients with AML.
Effect of Broiler Litter Application Method on Metal Runoff from Pastures
Authors: Lamba Jasmeet , Srivastava Puneet , Way Thomas R. , Malhotra Kritika
Published: August 2019

Loss of metals from agricultural fields to surface water bodies causes deterioration of surface water quality. Method of application of broiler litter can affect loss of metals in surface runoff. Subsurface banding of broiler litter can decrease loss of P and N in surface runoff relative to surface application of broiler litter. However, limited research has been done to evaluate the impact of litter application method on loss of metals in surface runoff. Therefore, the objective of this research was to quantify differences in loss of metals in surface runoff from a tall fescue pasture as a function of method of application of broiler litter (i.e., surface vs. subsurface application). A rainfall simulation study was conducted in the Sand Mountain region of north Alabama. Results indicate that concentration and loadings of Cu, K, Mg, and Zn decreased in surface runoff as a result of application of broiler litter in subsurface bands and were similar between the subsurface‐banded broiler litter and control (no litter applied) treatments. Greater than 90% of the applied rainfall infiltrated, indicating that losses of metals via lateral and subsurface flows can be substantial. Overall, results of this study show that application of broiler litter in subsurface bands can reduce loss of metals in surface runoff. Future research studies should investigate the impact of method of application of broiler litter on the metal losses in leachate and subsurface flows.

Core Ideas

Broiler litter application method affects loss of metals in runoff.

Subsurface banding of broiler litter reduced concentrations of metals in runoff.

Loss of metals via lateral flow pathways could be significant in this region.
Evidence for the Existence of Humic Acids in Peat Soils Based on Solid‐State 13C NMR
Authors: Hatcher Patrick G. , Waggoner Derek C. , Chen Hongmei
Published: August 2019

Humic extracts, in particular humic acids, of organic‐rich peat soils were examined by solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and shown to be integral components of the peat, contrary to recent suggestions that humic materials are artifacts of alkali extraction. The authenticity of humic substances is demonstrated by recombining the various humic fractions and comparing the NMR spectrum of the recombined peat with the original untreated peat sample. Even though significant NMR‐determined structural differences exist between humic acids and the insoluble humin fractions, the recombination reproduces the original unextracted peat quite well. Applying a biopolymer mixing model to the spectra shows that humic acids have a high proportion of char‐like material that is interpreted as being derived from noncombustion polymerization or secondary synthesis during humification, a process that has been challenged by a recent soil formation model.

Core Ideas

Solid‐state 13C NMR of soils isolated by dilute alkali proves the existence of humic acids.

Molecular mixing model and physical reconstitution both confirm the alkali extracts are real.

More char‐like structures in humic acids than humin suggests secondary synthesis formation.
Do Fulvic, Humic, and Humin Carbon Fractions Represent Meaningful Biological, Physical, and Chemical Carbon Pools?
Authors: Sherrod Lucretia A. , Vigil Merle F. , Stewart Catherine E.
Published: August 2019

Humic fractions have been used to characterize soil organic matter chemistry and to identify different carbon (C) pools. The relevance of alkaline fractionation is questioned because of probable artifacts created by the extraction. Fractionation using water‐soluble organic C (WSOC), soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), permanganate‐oxidizable C (POX‐C), and particulate organic matter C (POM‐C) methodologies are sensitive to C changes. Mineral‐associated organic C (MAOC) includes WSOC and other C fractions that are not all passive C. We measured 15 proficiency soils ranging in texture, mineralogy, pH, and soil organic C (SOC) to isolate C pools with differing turnover times. We define WSOC, SMBC, POX‐C, and fulvic acid (FA) as fast pools. Slow cycling pools include POM‐C and humic acid (HA) fractions, whereas passive pools include MAOC minus WSOC (PMAOC) and humin C (HC). Data showed FA was correlated with POX‐C (r = 0.84) as a fast C pool but was slightly more correlated with PMAOC (r = 0.86), a passive pool. Slow C pools of HA and POM‐C were not strongly correlated (r = 0.49). All alkaline fractions of C showed highest correlations to PMAOC, followed by POX‐C, and all showed poor correlations with POM‐C. The conventional first extraction fraction (A) yielded 70% recovery of the total FA extracted, whereas only 45% of HA was obtain. Acid soils on average had higher total FA. The regression model using physical fractionation was the best (SOC = WSOC + POM‐C + PMAOC, R2 0.98). Only the HA fraction was a significant parameter in the regression of SOC = FA + HA + HC (p = 0.0029).

Core Ideas

Humic acid C showed the strongest correlation to all C pools except POM‐C.

Recovery of fulvic C in conventional fraction was 70% of a total of three fractions.

Recovery of humic acid C in conventional fraction was 45% of a total of three fractions.

The distribution of fulvic (FA) to humic acid (HA) C changed with acid soils having higher FA.

Regression of soil organic C = FA + HA + humin only showed the HA to be significant.
Comparison of Soil Chemical Properties Prior to and Five to Eleven Years after Recycled Water Irrigation
Authors: Qian Yaling , Lin Yuhung
Published: August 2019

Increasing demand on freshwater supplies in the arid and semiarid western United States and more stringent wastewater discharge standards have made recycled water a common water source for irrigating urban green spaces. This has created the need to study the effects of recycled water irrigation on soil chemical properties. We collected and analyzed soil samples at the commencement (in 2004) and 5 and 11 yr after recycled water irrigation on two golf courses, five metropolitan parks, and one school ground. Samples were taken at depths of 0 to 20, 20 to 40, 40 to 60, 60 to 80, and 80 to 100 cm on golf courses and at depths of 0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm at other locations. Soil samples were tested for soil pH, soil organic matter, soil salinity (soil electrical conductivity [EC]), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Average soil EC was 0.82, 0.90, and 1.04 dS m−1 in 2004, 2009, and 2015, respectively. Soil pH was 0.25 to 0.3 units higher in 2009 and 2015 than in 2004. The degree of soil pH increase was greater at deeper than at shallower soil depths. Compared with 2004, samples collected in 2009 and 2015 had 137 and 100% increases in ESP, respectively, suggesting that sodicity was of greater concern than salinity when recycled water was used for irrigation. On Golf Course I, gypsum application after aerification displaced sodium (Na) and reduced ESP at the surface depth (0–20 cm), but soil ESP increased significantly at deeper soil depths. More research is needed to develop techniques to address the risks of soil pH and ESP increases, especially in deep rootzones.

Core Ideas

Recycled water has become a common water source for irrigating urban green spaces.

Eleven years of recycled water irrigation increased soil salinity by 27% and pH by 0.32 units.

Eleven years of recycled water irrigation increased soil sodium exchangeable percentage (ESP) by 101%.

The degree of soil pH increase was greater at deeper than at shallower soil depths.

Gypsum application after aerification reduced ESP at the surface depth (0–20 cm) only.
Nitrate Leaching from Continuous Corn, Perennial Grasses, and Poplar in the US Midwest
Authors: Hussain Mir Zaman , Bhardwaj Ajay K. , Basso Bruno , Robertson G. Philip , Hamilton Stephen K.
Published: August 2019

Leaching from annual corn (Zea mays L.) crops is a primary source of nitrate (NO3−) pollution of ground and surface waters. Here, we compare NO3− losses from no‐till corn with losses from various alternative perennial cropping systems (switchgrass [Panicum virgatum L.], miscanthus [Miscanthus ×giganteus J.M. Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoiz], a native grass mixture, and restored prairie), as well as hybrid poplar (Populus nigra L. × P. maximowiczii A. Henry ‘NM6’), all grown on a well‐drained soil in Michigan. Soil water was sampled from below the root zone using suction cup samplers during nonfrozen periods (March–November) between 2009 and 2016. Leaching was estimated from NO3− concentrations in soil water and modeled drainage (percolation) rates. Drainage rates were not significantly different among crops, constituting ∼30% of total annual precipitation. Aboveground net primary production (Mg ha−1 yr−1) averaged across the 7 yr was highest in poplar (30.8 ± 1.9 [SE]) followed by miscanthus (23.9 ± 2.4) and corn (20.4 ± 0.9). Volume‐weighted mean NO3− concentrations (mg N L−1) and NO3− leaching (kg ha−1 yr−1) averaged across the 7 yr were 9.2 and 34.1, 2.3 and 5.9, and 3.0 and 7.2, respectively, for corn, perennial grasses and poplar. Approximately 10 to 32% of applied N was lost as NO3− from these crops, with the highest percent losses from poplar (32%) followed by corn (20%). Perennial cropping systems leached considerably more NO3− in first few years after planting, but over 7 yr they lost much less NO3− than corn. Perennial crops may therefore help ameliorate NO3− pollution in agricultural landscapes even if they receive modest N fertilization.

Core Ideas

Over 7 yr, perennial grasses and poplar trees leached much less nitrate than corn

Nitrate leaching from grasses and poplar was comparable with corn for 1–2 yr after planting.

Perennial crops can ameliorate nitrate pollution in agricultural landscapes.
Lidar and RGB Image Analysis to Predict Hairy Vetch Biomass in Breeding Nurseries
Authors: Wiering Nicholas P. , Ehlke Nancy J. , Sheaffer Craig C.
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

Early‐season biomass is conventionally phenotyped by subjective visual estimates.

RGB image data are highly predictive of biomass in hairy vetch breeding plots.

Lidar and RGB image data can be combined to accurately predict sward biomass.

Remote sensing could increase genetic gain potential for biomass in cover crops.

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is an annual legume grown as a forage and cover crop. To improve cover crop function, traits such as biomass production are of high interest for cover crop breeders. However, direct phenotypic methods for biomass production are destructive. Breeders have thus relied on subjective, visual scoring of biomass, which is generally correlative but not quantitative or absolute. We evaluated two low‐cost remote sensing tools, lidar and red–green–blue (RGB) image analysis, for their potential to predict biomass in vivo. We evaluated these tools in two common forage breeding scenarios, spaced‐plant and sward‐plot nurseries, at three Minnesota locations following the winter of 2016–2017. Ground cover from RGB image binarization had a significant and linear relationship with aboveground biomass in spaced plants (R2 = 0.93) and sward plots (R2 = 0.89). However, once the image area from sward plots became saturated with vegetative pixels, a near‐exponential relationship would occur. Because of the prostrate growth habit of hairy vetch, RGB image analysis was more appropriate at lower plant densities, such as spaced‐plant nurseries. Conversely, the dimensionality of lidar sensing gave it greater predictive ability at higher plant densities where RGB analysis could not detect vertical increases in biomass. Lidar measures of sward‐plot height were also linearly and strongly related to dry‐matter biomass in sward plots (R2 = 0.80). When we combined RGB and lidar data to predict sward‐plot biomass in a multiple mixed‐effect regression model, we were able to explain more biomass variation than with the use of either phenotypic tool as a single predictor (R2 = 0.94).
Efficient Bayesian Inverse Modeling of Water Infiltration in Layered Soils
Authors: Gao Hongbei , Zhang Jiangjiang , Liu Cong , Man Jun , Chen Cheng , Wu Laosheng , Zeng Lingzao
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

The adaptive GP‐based MCMC was efficient to estimate hydraulic parameters in soils.

Accuracy of the estimated parameters was verified by simulating experimental results.

These simulations revealed a significant effect of layered structure on soil water flow.

Modeling water movement in heterogeneous soils, e.g., layered soils, is an essential but challenging task that requires accurate estimation of multiple sets of soil hydraulic parameters. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a popular but computationally expensive method for parameter estimation. An adaptive Gaussian process (GP)‐based MCMC method proposed in our previous work presents significant computational efficiency. Nevertheless, its performance was evaluated only for synthetic numerical cases and has not been experimentally validated. Furthermore, its applicability in estimating hydraulic parameters of layered soils is still unknown. In this study, we systematically evaluated the performance of the GP‐based MCMC method in estimating the layered soil hydraulic parameters through a water infiltration experiment. It was shown that the proposed method could provide reliable estimations that were very close to those given by the original‐model‐based MCMC but at a much lower computational cost. The simulated soil water dynamics using the estimated parameters revealed a significant effect of layered heterogeneity on water flow. The lower layer(s) with higher water suction may cause persistent unsaturated status of the upper layer(s) during infiltration.
Código Florestal e Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais: um estudo de caso com base na redução de carbono emitido e abordagem sistêmica das unidades de produção agrícola
Authors: Chechi Leticia Andrea , Boscardin Mariele , Oliveira Ana Luísa Araújo de
Published: August 2019

Com o novo Código Florestal (Lei nº 12.651, de 25 de maio de 2012) está se discutindo a implementação de um programa de Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA) para as áreas de conservação. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a área de uma propriedade familiar em relação à adequação a nova legislação e a proposição de um programa de PSA.Foi realizado o mapeamento da área, visita in loco para observação das áreas de mata nativa e levantamento de informações com o proprietário.Com base nestas informações, realizou-se o cálculo da conservação do carbono e um diagnóstico dos sistemas de produção com base na abordagem sistêmica.O estudo de caso apontou para a importância de um PSA em uma propriedade familiar, tendo como base a área de conservação existente, as emissões de carbono evitado, no caso de desmatamento, e o baixo custo em relação a uma possível recuperação da área.
Uma Análise de Construtos Teóricos sobre Participação e Gestão Social
Authors: Abreu Julio Cesar Andrade de , Oliveira Virgílio Cézar da Silva e , Kraemer Carlos Frederico Bom
Published: August 2019

A gênese do conceito de gestão social é produto da necessidade de se estabelecer novos referenciais para a administração pública, pautados pela definição coletiva de fins e meios e pela interseção de valores, saberes e visões de mundo, bem como a dinâmica da participação democrática. O presente artigo procura responder a seguinte questão-problema: De que forma alguns construtos teóricos sobre participação contemplam os princípios da inclusão, do pluralismo, da igualdade, da autonomia e do bem comum, fontes de legitimidade da deliberação pública e premissas da cidadania deliberativa? Fazendo uso de um método de pesquisa bibliográfica serão analisados os construtos sobre participação de Nogueira (2005; 1998); Arnstein (1969); Bordenave (1992) e Pretty (1995). Pretende-se com este trabalho contribuir para o fortalecimento do debate conceitual sobre gestão social, correlacionando-a com diferentes construtos sobre participação
Sensitivity analysis of convective parameterizations of a regional climate model in higher-resolution domains for long-term precipitation reconstruction
Authors: Ishida Kei , Tanaka Kenji , Hama Takehide
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the effects of activating convective parameterization (CP) in higher-resolution domains of a regional climate model, the Weather and Research Forecast (WRF) model, on watershed-scale precipitation by means of sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis was conducted over three watersheds in the Hokkaido region, Japan. Three nested domains of 27, 9, and 3 km of horizontal resolution were set over the three study watersheds. Then, two types of sensitivity analysis were conducted. First, 36 of the single-year simulations were run with 12 combinations of two cloud microphysics (MP) schemes and six CP schemes and with three types of CP activation; activating a CP scheme only in the outermost domain, in the outermost and middle domain, and in all three domains. After the single-year simulations, long-term (32-year) simulations were conducted using an MP × CP combination with the three types of CP activation. The two-sensitivity analysis shows that activating CP in the higher-resolution domains does not always improve watershed-scale precipitation, but it has a high possibility of improving the results. Moreover, the improvement via activating CP in higher-resolution domains may continue for a long-term period.
Multilayered Nanostructure for Inducing a Large and Tunable Optical Field
Authors: Katyal Jyoti
Published: August 2019

Objective:

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and field enhancement of
multilayered nanostructure over single and dimer configuration is studied using finite difference
time domain (FDTD) method.

Experimental:

In multilayered nanostructure, there exist concentric nanoshells and metallic core
which are separated by a dielectric layer. Strong couplings between the core and nanoshell plasmon
resonance modes show a shift in LSPR and enhancement in field around nanostructure. The
calculation of the electric field enhancement shows a sharp increase in the electric field on the surface
of inner core i.e., inside the dielectric layer of Metal-Dielectric-Metal (MDM) structure
whereas smaller enhancement on the outer layer of MDM structure is observed.

Results:

The Au-Air-Au mono MDM nanostructure shows strong near-field enhancement as compared
to bare nanosphere in the infrared region, which have potential applications in surfaceenhanced
spectroscopy, whereas Al-Air-Al and Ag-Air-Ag shows potential towards lower wavelength
region. On coupling the MDM nanostructure forming a dimer configuration the field enhancement
factor increases to 10^8.

Conclusion:

As compared to other nanostructures, MDM nanostructure provides both strong field
enhancement and wide wavelength tunability therefore promising for surface enhanced Raman
spectroscopy (SERS) applications.
A Bevel Gear Tension Balancing Device for Mining Hoist
Authors: Wang Zhixia , Yan Bijuan , Li Zigui
Published: August 2019

Background::

With the increasing mining depth, single rope winding hoist and multi-rope
friction hoist may not be feasible in ultra-deep wells. For the single rope winding hoist, larger rope
diameter and drum diameter are required, while a lot of inconveniences would arise in the manufacturing
process. For the multi-rope friction hoist, the balance tail rope is necessary so that a fluctuation in
stress greater than 11.5% of the wire rope breaking force increases.

Objective::

The purpose of this patent is to provide an overview of a tension balancing device using new
bevel gear system in the multi-rope winding hoist. In the research, varying tension of the rope winded
on each drum is conveniently and quickly adjusted in different working conditions.

Methods::

A bevel gear balancing device is designed in the multi-rope winding hoist. It mainly consists
of big and small output bevel gear, shell, balance bevel gear, and support frame.

Results::

Unbalanced tension caused by different lengths of the ropes is compensated without any restrictions.
The tension of all wire ropes is always in balance ensured by the balancing mechanism
throughout the whole process of lifting and lowering containers. When the winding diameter of the
drums is different, the tension of the hoisting-ropes will not be precisely adjusted. But it can be negligible.

Conclusion::

The bevel gear balancing device in the patent is installed on the main shaft of the multirope
winding hoist. Through analysis, the device was observed to be simple and easy to operate. The
tension of the hoisting-ropes can be accurately balanced.
Fractal Dimension Analysis of Aluminum Corrosion Roughness by Electrochemical and Optical Methods
Authors: Menchaca-Campos Carmina , Villalba-Enciso Rocio , Juarez-Nuñez Victor , Flores-Dominguez Miriam , Mayorga-Cruz Darwin , Tapia Rene Guardian , Uruchurtu-Chavarín Jorge
Published: August 2019

Background: :

Fractal dimension is a versatile method to study and evaluate corrosion from the point of view of metallic conditions, namely: surface roughness, electrochemical measurements and microscopy images. Aluminum corrodes at different rates, under different pH electrolytes with or without the presence of chloride ions.

Methods::

In this work, corrosion and the roughness for aluminum corrosion at different pH electrolytes: acid, with and without chlorides, neutral and basic solutions, It was measured using electrochemical and optic techniques.

Results::

The results of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Noise Measurements (ENM), Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs and their respective Fractal Dimension analysis were obtained.

Conclusions::

For the different experimental techniques and conditions, fractal dimension were presented, reflecting the surface condition of aluminum corrosion as a function of pH solution.
MICROBIOLOGÍA, PATOGÉNESIS, EPIDEMIOLOGÍA, CLÍNICA Y DIAGNÓSTICO DE LAS INFECCIONES PRODUCIDAS POR Salmonella
Authors: Parra Miguel , Durango Johny , Mattar Salim
Published: August 2019

Salmonella, en el ámbito mundial, está asociada con mucha frecuencia a las enfermedades diarreicas, las cuales continúan siendo una de las causas más importantes de morbilidad y mortalidad sobre todo en lactantes, niños y ancianos. Se ha estimado que en Asia, África y Latinoamérica, dependiendo de factores socioeconómicos y nutricionales, la probabilidad de que un niño muera por enfermedad diarreica antes de los 7 años pueda llegar al 50% (Mead 1999) . Las infecciones agudas del tracto gastrointestinal están consideradas como una de las enfermedades más frecuentes en Colombia
SEROTIPIA, RESISTENCIA A ANTIMICROBIANOS Y PERFILES PLASMÍDICOS DE BACTERIAS ENTEROPATOGENAS AISLADAS DE PROCESOS DIARREICOS DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Vergara Claudia , Visbal Jorge , Mattar Salim
Published: August 2019

Se analizaron 107 cepas provenientes de diferentes regiones de Colombia de brotes diarreicos de pacientes pediátricos distribuidas de la siguiente forma: 50 aislamientos de Escherichia coli enteropatógeno (ECEP), 44 de Salmonella sp y 13 de Shigella sp. Los serotipos de ECEP más frecuentemente aislados correspondieron a 0:111, 0:127, 0:124, 0:55 y 0:119. La susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos se realizó empleando la técnica Bauer & Kirby. Los resultados mostraron que las cepas de ECEP fueron resistentes a ampicilina, trimetoprim-sulfametoxazole y tetraciclina. Las cepas de Salmonella sp fueron resistentes a todos los antimicrobianos empleados incluyendo cloranfenicol, las cepas de Shigella sp mostraron solamente susceptibilidad frente a furazolidona. El análisis plasmídico demostró que todas las cepas de ECEP presentaron plásmidos con pesos moleculares entre 4.2 y 21.2 Kb. En las cepas de Salmonella sp se observaron 2 perfiles con 1 y 4 plásmidos de pesos moleculares entre 1.6 y 21.2 Kb. En las cepas de Shigella sp se observaron 3 perfiles con 3,4 y 5 plásmidos con pesos moleculares aproximados entre 1.2 y 21.2 Kb. Salmonella sp mostró perfiles de 1 y 4 plásmidos, mientras que los perfiles de Shigella sp revelaron la presencia de mayor número de plásmidos con tamaños menores. El plásmido de 21.2 Kb aislado en cepas de ECEP, Salmonella sp y Shigella sp podría ser utilizado como marcador epidemiológico de la EDA en Colombia.
Efecto de la condición corporal al parto sobre el comportamiento reproductivo y variación de peso corporal postparto de vacas mestizas lecheras.
Authors: Maza A. Libardo , Salgado O. Roger , Vergara G. Oscar
Published: August 2019

La condición corporal y peso corporal al parto tienen una r elación directa en el comportamiento reproductivo y en la variación del peso postparto. Las vacas con escore de condición corporal al parto extremas , ya sea en muy bajas <3.0 como muy altas >4.0 en la escala de 1 - 5 presentan un comportamiento reproductivo inferior, en relación con reinicio de la actividad ovárica luteal cíclica, estros silenciosos y tasa de concepción postparto. De igual forma, las hembras que presentan baja condición corporal al parto, tienen pocas pérdidas de peso postparto cuando la nutrición es adecuada en e s t e período, ya que las vacas gordas al momento del parto, presentan pérdidas de pe so postparto al tas . Las reservas corporales disminuyen al inicio de la lactancia, aumentando a mediados y a final de ésta, cuando la alimentación es adecuada. Vacas subnutridas al parto movilizan menos grasa corporal postparto, disminuyendo la grasa en la leche , sin efectos en la producción, en el contenido de proteína y consumo de materia seca
E.coli 0157: H7 Enterohemorrágico: Un agente etiológico de diarrea en Colombia subestimado. Parte II.
Authors: Matta Salim , Visbal S. Jorge , Arrieta Germán
Published: August 2019

La infección fue reportada por primera vez en EE.UU., el brote de Colitis Hemorrágica y fue producido por un ECEH del serotipo O157:H7 no fermentador de sorbitol. De sde entonces ha sido responsable de al menos 26 brotes epidémicos de CH, los cuales tuv i e ron lugar en su mayor ía en EE.UU. , Canadá y Gran Bretaña (Ache son 1996)
Chlamydia trachomatis: Aspectos microbiológicos, clínicos y epidemiológicos.
Authors: Matta Salim , Arango Álvaro I. , Visbal Jorge
Published: August 2019

Se presenta una revisión completa de los principales aspectos microbiológicos, clínicos y epidemiológicos de Chlamydia trachomatis. Se hace énfasis en los mecanismos particulares de invasividad, tipo de receptores, aspectos epidemiológicos y factores genéticos de susceptibilidad entre otros. Se abordan las patologías que ocasiona Chlamydia trachomatis separando las infecciones en el hombre, mujer y niños. También se realiza una actualización sobre los diferentes métodos de diagnóstico desde el cultivo celular hasta la biología molecular; se hace una reseña de C. psittaci y C. pneumoniae. Por último se tocan aspectos terapéuticos del tratamiento con énfasis en las infecciones por Chlamydia trachomatis
Diagnóstico y respuesta inmune en neurocisticercosis
Authors: Restrepo Blanca
Published: August 2019

La neurocisticercosis (NCC) es una de las infecciones parasitarias más frecuentes del sistema nervioso central en el mundo (White, 1997). Su agente etiológico es el cisticerco del céstodo Taenia solium. Esta infección es endémica en muchos países en vía de desarrollo. Se estima que unos 5 millones de personas están infectadas, y la Organización Mundial de la Salud ha informado que en el mundo mueren 50,000 personas al año a causa de esta infección. Adicionalmente, muchas otras quedan inhabilitadas (Schantz, 1996). En Colombia la NCC es endémica en ciertas regiones, especialmente donde la disposición de excretas humanas es inadecuada. Estudios independientes han demostrado serologías positivas para cisticercosis en 25% de los pacientes con convulsiones (Departamentos de Nariño y Antioquia), en 13% de los pacientes admitidos a un servicio clínico de neurología (Cali, Valle del Cauca), y en 10% en una población endémica para esta infección (El Hato, Santander) (Arango et al., 1988; Franco et al., 1986; Palacio et al., 1997; Sanzón-Guerrero et al., 1991)
Utilidad de la biología molecular en el estudio de las zoonosis
Authors: Máttar Salim
Published: August 2019

Las técnicas de biología molecular para la detección rápida y directa de ácidos nucleicos de los diferentes microorganismos son muy útiles en el diagnóstico de las enfermedades infecciosas. Un gran número de estas técnicas de identificación rápida se han desarrollado con base en la amplificación enzimática de secuencias específicas de ácidos nucleicos; estas técnicas incluyen: la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), el RFLP (Restriction Fragment lenght Polymorphism), ribotyping (ribotipificación), PFGE (Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis), RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic ADN) Ampliación al azar del ADN y el Spoligotyping. Estos nuevos métodos de análisis a nivel genético han aumentado la posibilidad de diferenciar las cepas bacterianas y han permitido llevar a cabo estudios epidemiológicos moleculares. La comparación de cepas para establecer su identidad se basa en el hecho de que las cepas relacionadas epidemiológicamente provienen de la expansión clonal de un precursor único. Se entiende por clon una cepa que ha sido obtenida en forma independiente de una fuente, en diferentes localizaciones o quizás en diferentes tiempos, pero mostrando caracteres fenotípicos y genotípicos muy parecidos, de manera que la explicación más lógica para esta similitud sea un origen común.
Infecciones por arbovirus
Authors: Jaramillo Antonio Carlos
Published: August 2019

Hay muchos virus que pueden ser transmitidos de los animales al hombre por vectores artrópodos. De estos 400 o más virus, apenas 100 se sabe que causan enfermedad en el hombre y de ellos unos 40 causan sindromes clínicos graves, como Fiebre Amarilla, Dengue y Encefalitis Equinas.
Zoonosis prevalentes en el Departamento de Córdoba
Authors: Reza García Lázaro
Published: August 2019

Es bueno aprovechar este espacio que ofrece este Simposio para referirnos a las dificultades existentes en nuestro departamento y en la región para tener un conocimiento acertado del comportamiento epidemiológico de las enfermedades zoonóticas y su incidencia en poblaciones de riesgo y comunidad en general. Fundamentalmente se pueden anotar dos problemas relevantes para este desconocimiento: La falta de Información y las debilidades del Diagnóstico.
A Pragmatic Internet Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting and School Readiness in Early Childhood: Initial Evidence of Program Use and Satisfaction
Authors: McGoron Lucy , Ratner Hilary Horn , Knoff Kathryn AG , Hvizdos Erica , Ondersma Steven J
Published: August 2019

Background

Internet-based parenting programs have the potential to connect families to research-informed materials to promote positive child development. However, such programs can only succeed to the extent that the intended population engages with them.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate engagement in the 5-a-Day Parenting program, a technology-based program designed with low-income families in mind, to promote daily use of 5 specific parenting activities conducive to children’s school readiness. Following earlier pilot data, the program was enhanced with an initial motivational e-intervention and tailored text messages designed to promote engagement.

Methods

Parents were recruited from local childcare centers and through a participant registry. We examined rates of receipt of program text messages and use of video-based content on the program website, 3 factors that may affect website use, and satisfaction with key program elements.

Results

A total of 360 parents of young children learned about the study and had the opportunity to use the 5-a-Day Parenting website. Of these, 94 parents participated in the study, and 33% (31/94) accessed the video-based content on the website at least once. No association was found between website use and program recruitment approach, program-affiliation message, sociocontextual risk, and baseline use of the five parenting activities. Satisfaction with text messages and video-based content was high.

Conclusions

For some parents, technology-based programs appear useful; however, engagement could still be enhanced. Additional research should seek innovative strategies for promoting engagement in Web-based parenting programs.
Understanding Public Attitudes Toward Researchers Using Social Media for Detecting and Monitoring Adverse Events Data: Multi Methods Study
Authors: Golder Su , Scantlebury Arabella , Christmas Helen
Published: August 2019

Background

Adverse events are underreported in research studies, particularly randomized controlled trials and pharmacovigilance studies. A method that researchers could use to identify more complete safety profiles for medications is to use social media analytics. However, patient’s perspectives on the ethical issues associated with using patient reports of adverse drug events on social media are unclear.

Objective

The objective of this study was to explore the ethics of using social media for detecting and monitoring adverse events for research purposes using a multi methods approach.

Methods

A multi methods design comprising qualitative semistructured interviews (n=24), a focus group (n=3), and 3 Web-based discussions (n=20) with members of the public was adopted. Findings from a recent systematic review on the use of social media for monitoring adverse events provided a theoretical framework to interpret the study’s findings.

Results

Views were ascertained regarding the potential benefits and harms of the research, privacy expectations, informed consent, and social media platform. Although the majority of participants were supportive of social media content being used for research on adverse events, a small number of participants strongly opposed the idea. The potential benefit of the research was cited as the most influential factor to whether participants would give their consent to their data being used for research. There were also some caveats to people’s support for the use of their social media data for research purposes: the type of social media platform and consideration of the vulnerability of the social media user. Informed consent was regarded as difficult to obtain and this divided the opinion on whether it should be sought.

Conclusions

Social media users were generally positive about their social media data being used for research purposes; particularly for research on adverse events. However, approval was dependent on the potential benefit of the research and that individuals are protected from harm. Further study is required to establish when consent is required for an individual’s social media data to be used.
Sentiment Analysis in Health and Well-Being: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Zunic Anastazia , Corcoran Padraig , Spasic Irena
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Sentiment analysis (SA) is a subfield of natural language processing whose aim is to automatically classify the sentiment expressed in a free text. It has found practical applications across a wide range of societal contexts including marketing, economy, and politics. This review focuses specifically on applications related to health, which is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to establish the state of the art in SA related to health and well-being by conducting a systematic review of the recent literature. To capture the perspective of those individuals whose health and well-being are affected, we focused specifically on spontaneously generated content and not necessarily that of health care professionals.

METHODS

Our methodology is based on the guidelines for performing systematic reviews. In January 2019, we used PubMed, a multifaceted interface, to perform a literature search against MEDLINE. We identified a total of 86 relevant studies and extracted data about the datasets analyzed, discourse topics, data creators, downstream applications, algorithms used, and their evaluation.

RESULTS

The majority of data were collected from social networking and Web-based retailing platforms. The primary purpose of online conversations is to exchange information and provide social support online. These communities tend to form around health conditions with high severity and chronicity rates. Different treatments and services discussed include medications, vaccination, surgery, orthodontic services, individual physicians, and health care services in general. We identified 5 roles with respect to health and well-being among the authors of the types of spontaneously generated narratives considered in this review: a sufferer, an addict, a patient, a carer, and a suicide victim. Out of 86 studies considered, only 4 reported the demographic characteristics. A wide range of methods were used to perform SA. Most common choices included support vector machines, naïve Bayesian learning, decision trees, logistic regression, and adaptive boosting. In contrast with general trends in SA research, only 1 study used deep learning. The performance lags behind the state of the art achieved in other domains when measured by F-score, which was found to be below 60% on average. In the context of SA, the domain of health and well-being was found to be resource poor: few domain-specific corpora and lexica are shared publicly for research purposes.

CONCLUSIONS

SA results in the area of health and well-being lag behind those in other domains. It is yet unclear if this is because of the intrinsic differences between the domains and their respective sublanguages, the size of training datasets, the lack of domain-specific sentiment lexica, or the choice of algorithms.
Analysis Of Village Building Index In Village Development In Kuala Sub-District
Authors: Ramly Ar Royyan , Wahyuddin Wahyuddin , Mursyida Julli , Mawardati Mawardati
Published: August 2019

This study aims to analyze the village building index in the development of village in Kuala sub-district of Nagan Raya regency. This research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The object of this study is 17 villages in the region of Kuala sub-district, while the data used in this study is sourced from primary and secondary data derived from document review, observation, FGD, and interviews from 2015 to 2017. Data analysis technique using descriptive analysis in the form of tables and diagrams, while the quantitative analysis using multiple regression test with the dependent variable percentage of village fund accumulation 2015-2017, independent variables are Environmental Sensitivity Index, Economic Conditions Index, Healthy Family Index and Village Building Index. The results showed that the analysis of the use of village funds for development in Kuala sub-district positively influence. Then with the development of village infrastructure and empowerment, the status of villages in the region of Kuala sub-district increased with an average developing status of 71 percent and advanced village status of 23 percent.
Principales Determinantes de las Importaciones en Colombia. 2000 – 2016
Authors: Rangel Vargas Mario Gabriel , Pinza Córdoba Juan Camilo , Fajardo Perdomo Juan Pablo , Velasco Delgado Jeferson Yomar
Published: August 2019

Como en muchos países de América Latina el desarrollo económico de Colombia se encuentra estrechamente ligado al comportamiento de su comercio exterior. Las fluctuaciones de los términos de intercambio y el comportamiento de las importaciones determinan los ciclos de la actividad económica y los puntos de inflexión más importantes de la estructura productiva del país. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los principales determinantes del comportamiento de las importaciones colombianas en un periodo de 16 años, 2000 – 2016 a través de la exploración de la teoría económica y la implementación de un modelo econométrico bajo el método de estimación Log – Log, se hace hincapié en la consideración de la existencia de una relación a largo plazo entre la demanda de importaciones con el Producto Interno Bruto real y Tasa de cambio real. Los resultados obtenidos a través del estudio indican que las importaciones en Colombia se encuentran determinadas por el Producto Interno Bruto y la Tasa de Cambio Real, las cuales permiten explicar las variaciones que tienen las importaciones en el país.
Determinación del coeficiente de decisión para optar a un régimen de tributación del impuesto global complementario
Authors: Rojas Carrasco Oscar , Herrera Ciudad Fernando , Farias Verdugo José
Published: August 2019

En Colombia, con la publicación de la Ley Nº 20.780 de 2014, los contribuyentes nacionales o extranjeros deberán optar por uno de los nuevos sistemas opcionales de tributación existentes, un sistema de renta atribuida, definido en la letra A) del Artículo 14, donde el contribuyente quedará gravado en el mismo ejercicio sobre las rentas o cantidades de la empresa, comunidad, establecimiento o sociedad que les sean atribuidas; y un sistema parcialmente integrado, cuyas disposiciones se encuentran en la Letra B) del Artículo 14 de la LIR, quedando el contribuyente gravado sobre las cantidades que a cualquier título retiren. El problema es que no existe una recomendación que apoye la decisión puntual, ya sea renta atribuida o parcialmente integrado. Este estudio apoya la decisión del contribuyente a la hora de optar por uno de estos sistemas alternativos, determinando un coeficiente de decisión matemático maximizando el retorno del inversionista. El método utilizado es el comparativo documental, a fin de analizar el porcentaje retirado sobre la utilidad calculada bajo el sistema de renta atribuida, el contribuyente debe optar por un sistema de renta atribuida, en base a sistema de tributación en cada período la carga tributaria será menor, permitiendo al contribuyente recibir un flujo neto mayor.