bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Woubi Cheri
Authors: Crapo Richley
Published: January 2005

Woubi Cheri. 1998. 70 minutes, color. video by Philip Brooks and Laurent Bocahut. For more information contact California Newsreel. 149 Ninth Street. No. 420. San Francisco. CA94103
Picturing a People: George Johnston, Tlingit Photographer
Authors: Thornton Thomas F.
Published: January 2005

Picturing. People: George Johnston, Tlingit Photographer. 1997. 50 minutes. video directed by Carol Geddes and produced by Sally Bochner and George Hargrove. For more information contact the National Film Board of Canada, P.O. Box 6100, Station Centre‐Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3H5.
Spirit Capture: Photographs from the National Museum of the American Indian
Authors: McBride Bunny , Prins Harald E. L.
Published: January 2005

Spirit Capture: Photographs from the National Museum of the American Indian. Tim Johnson. ed. Washington. DC. and London: Smithsonian Institution Press in association with the National Museum of the American Indian, 1998. 206 pp.
The Reincarnation of Khensur Rinpoche: The Trials of Telo Rinpoche: A Stranger in My Native Land
Authors: Yü Chun‐Fang
Published: January 2005

The Reincarnation of Khensur Rinpoche. 1991. 55 minutes. color. video by Tenzing Sonam and Ritu Sarin. For more information, contact University of California Extension. Center Media and Independent Learning, 2000 Center Street. Suite 400. Berkeley, CA 94704.

The Trials of Telo Rinpoche. 1994. 50 minutes, color. video by Tenzing Sonam and Ritu Sarin. For more information, contact University of California Extension. Center Media and Independent Learning, 2000 Center Street. Suite 400. Berkeley, CA 94704.

Stranger in My Native Land. 1998. 30 minutes, color. video by Tenzing Sonam and Ritu Sarin. For more information, contact University of California Extension. Center Media and Independent Learning, 2000 Center Street. Suite 400. Berkeley, CA 94704.
Oka: Behind the Barricades: Kanehsatake: 270 Years of Resistance: Spudwrench: Kahnawake Man: My Name is Kahentiiosta: Acts of Defiance
Authors: Harrison Julia D.
Published: January 2005

Oka: Behind the Barricades. 1998. 312 minutes. For more information contact the National Film Board of Canada, 3155 Côte de Lisse Rd., St. Laurent, Quebec H4N 2N4. Series of four videos:

Kanehsatake: 270 Years of Resistance. 1993. 120 minutes. Directed by Alanis Obomsawin .

Spudwrench: Kahnawake Man. 1997. 58 minutes. Directed by Alanis Obomsawin .

My Name is Kahentiiosta. 1995. 30 minutes. Directed by Alanis Obomsawin .

Acts of Defiance. 1992. 104 minutes. Directed by Alec MacLeod .
American Indian Languages
Authors: Hill Jane H. , Hill Kenneth C.
Published: January 2005

American Indian Languages: Cultural and Social Contexts. Shirley Silver and Wick R. Miller. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1997. xix. 433 pp.

American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Lyle Campbell. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. xiv. 512 pp.
Studies in Culture Contact: Interaction, Culture Change, and Archaeology Occasional Paper No. 25
Authors: Rubertone Patricia E.
Published: January 2005

Studies in Culture Contact: Interaction, Culture Change, and Archaeology, Occasional Paper No. 25. James G. Cusick. Carbondale. IL: Center for Archaeological Investigations. Southern Illinois University, 1998. 502 pp.
The Origins of Agriculture in the Lowland Neotropics
Authors: Frechione John
Published: January 2005

The Origins of Agriculture in the Lowland Neotropics. Dolores R. Piperno and Deborah M. Pearsall. San Diego. CA: Academic Press. 1998. 400 pp.
Just Words: Law, Language, and Power
Authors: Hirsch Susan F.
Published: January 2005

Just Words: Law, Language, and Power. John M. Conley and William M. O'Barr. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998. 168 pp.
The Dark Side of Man: Tracing the Origins of Male Violence
Authors: Ferguson R. Brian
Published: January 2005

The Dark Side of Man: Tracing the Origins of Male Violence. Michael P. Ghiglieri. Reading, MA: Perseus Books, 1999. 323 pp.
Building a New Biocultural Synthesis: Political Economic Perspectives on Human Biology
Authors: Loewe Ronald
Published: January 2005

Building. New Biocultural Synthesis: Political Economic Perspectives on Human Biology. Alan Goodman and Thomas L. Leatherman. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 1999 pp.
The Archaeology of Human Bones
Authors: Schwartz Jeffrey H.
Published: January 2005

The Archaeology of Human Bones. Simon Mays. New York: Routledge. 1998. 242 pp.
The Hunting Apes: Meat Eating and the Origins of Human Behavior
Authors: Small Meredith F.
Published: January 2005

The Hunting Apes: Meat Eating and the Origins of Human Behavior. Craig B. Stanford. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 1999. 254 pp.
Mestizo Logics: Anthropology of Identity in Africa and Elsewhere
Authors: Ebron Paulla A.
Published: January 2005

Mestizo Logics: Anthropology of Identity in Africa and Elsewhere. Jean‐Loup Amselle. Translated by Claudia Royal. Stanford. CA: Stanford University Press. 1996. 207 pp.
The Kiss of Death: Chagas Disease in the Americas
Authors: Renshaw John
Published: January 2005

The Kiss of Death: Chagas Disease in the Americas. Joseph William Bastien. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. 1998. 301 pp.
Classic Anthropology: Critical Essays: 1944‐1996
Authors: Shore Bradd
Published: January 2005

Classic Anthropology: Critical Essays: 1944‐1996. John W. Bennett. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1998. 426 pp.
Women of Principle: Female Networking in Contemporary Mormon Polygyny
Authors: Jankowiak William
Published: January 2005

Women of Principle: Female Networking in Contemporary Mormon Polygyny. Janet Bennion. New York: Oxford University Press. 1998. 178 pp.
Handbook of Methods in Cultural Anthropology
Authors: De Munck Victor C.
Published: January 2005

Handbook of Methods in Cultural Anthropology. H. Russell Bernard. ed. Walnut Creek. CA: AltaMira Press. 1998. 816 pp.
Blessed Anastácia: Women, Race, and Popular Christianity in Brazil
Authors: Goldstein Donna M.
Published: January 2005

Blessed Anastácia: Women, Race, and Popular Christianity in Brazil. John Burdick. New York: Routledge. 1998. 246 pp.
Rationality and Power: Democracy in Practice
Authors: Greenwood Davydd
Published: January 2005

Rationality and Power: Democracy in Practice. Bent Flyvbjerg. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 1998. 290 pp.
Cambridge and the Torres Straits: Centenary Essays on the 1898 Anthropological Expedition
Authors: Griffiths Alison
Published: January 2005

Cambridge and the Torres Straits: Centenary Essays on the 1898 Anthropological Expedition. Anita Herle and Sandra Rouse. eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 252 pp.
The Politics of Duplicity: Controlling Reproduction in Ceausescu's Romania
Authors: Kideckel David A.
Published: January 2005

The Politics of Duplicity: Controlling Reproduction in Ceausescu's Romania. Gail Kligman. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. 373 pp.
Struggling with Development: The Politics of Hunger and Gender in the Philippines
Authors: Rössler Martin
Published: January 2005

Struggling with Development: The Politics of Hunger and Gender in the Philippines. Lynn M. Kwiatkowski. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 1998. 350 pp.
Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism
Authors: Bodley John H.
Published: January 2005

Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism. Richard H. Robbins. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1999. 421 pp.
Under the Shadow of Nationalism: Politics and Poetics of Rural Japanese Women
Authors: Smith Janet S. (Shibamoto)
Published: January 2005

Under the Shadow of Nationalism: Politics and Poetics of Rural Japanese Women. Mariko Asano Tamanoi. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998. 273 pp.
Pigs, Profits, and Rural Communities
Authors: Adams Jane H.
Published: January 2005

Pigs, Profits, and Rural Communities. Kendall M. Thu and E. Paul Durrenberger. eds. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998. 20X pp.
Evolution at the Crossroads: Modern Human Emergence in Western Asia
Authors: Holliday Trenton W.
Published: January 2005

There is long‐standing disagreement regarding Upper Pleistocene human evolution in Western Asia, particularly the Levant. Some argue that there were two dilierent populations, perhaps different species, of Upper Pleistocene Levantine hominids. The first, from the Israeli silcs of Qafzeh and Skhul. is anatomically modern. The second, from sites such as Amud. Kcbara. and Tabun, is archaic, or "Neandertal" in morphology. Others argue that ihis is a false dichotomy and that all of lliese hominids belong to a single, highly variable population. In this paper I attempt to resolve this issue by examining posteranial measures reflective of body shape. Results indicate that the Qafzeh‐Skhul hominids have African‐like, or tropically adapted, proportions, while tliosc from Amud, Kebara. Tabun. and Shanidar (Iraq) have more European‐like, or cold‐adapled. proportions. This suggests that iherc were in fact two distinct Western Asian populations and that the Qaf/ch‐Skhul hominids were likely African in origin—i result consistent with the "Replacement"' model of modern human origins, [modern human origins, NeunJertals, Qafzeh‐Skhul hominids, body shape]
Tahiti Intertwined: Ancestral Land, Tourist Postcard, and Nuclear Test Site
Authors: Kahn Miriam
Published: January 2005

In this article, I apply ideas from Foucault, Lefebvre, and Soja about thirdspace, or space beyond dualisms, to an understanding of'Tahiti" as a complex, intertwined place. For most Tahitians, a sense of place is rooted in land, which individuals describe as a nurturing mother. Genealogical ties to land define personal identities and social relationships. For the world at large, however, the perception of Tahiti is based on seductive, mass‐mediated, touristic images. The perpeiuation of these images, whose origins go back two‐hundred years, has become increasingly enmeshed in the economic and political agendas of the French colonial government. The resumption of nuclear testing in French Polynesia in 1995‐96 and the subsequent rioting by Tahitians, which disseminated negative images throughout the world, provide a setting for an analysis of Tahiti that moves beyond dualisms. Tahiti is understood instead as an intertwined thirdspace, equally real and imagined, immediate and mediated, [place, colonialism, imagery, tourism, nuclear testing]
House to Palace, Village to State: Scaling up Architecture and Ideology
Authors: Kus Susan , Raharijaona Victor
Published: January 2005

It would seem desirable for any state to gum an ideological foothold in local knowledge and symbols to facilitate the assimilation of its order by average citizens and to argue for its legitimacy. However, given the "lived reality" of local knowledge and Us practical and symbolic "efficacy," as guaranteed in part through the skills of ritual specialise not in the service of the skiie. the introduction and maintenance of state ideology is neither an issue of facile appropriation o/local symbols nor a straightforward imposition on local knowledge. The complexity of the architectural and ideological scaling up from traditional house to "palace" and polity are discussed lor nineteenth‐century Imerina, Madagascar, using ethnohistorical. archaeological, and ethnographic information. We attempt to present this argument through the use of evocative concrete imagery, one stylistic aspect of local knowledge, rather than through an exclusive use of analytical, abstract declarations. [Madagascar, symbolic organization of space, state origins, ideology, local knowledge]
Human Discourse about Nature; Nature's Processes as Discourse: The Pre‐Columbian Peruvian Myth of Cavillaca
Authors: Columbus Claudette Kemper
Published: January 2005

When nature's energies communicate what human beings do not want to hear and when human beings experience the pressures of this communication as reality, they confront discursive practices from nature and in nature. The Peruvian myth of Cavillaca, although a cultural artifact, nevertheless expresses what human beings cannot change or mediate in nature; nature presents grades of reality larger than human constructions of the real.
Sensuality and Consciousness VI: A Preconquest Sojourn: The Study of Child Behavior and Human, Development in Cultural Isolates
Authors: Sorenson E. Richard
Published: January 2005

I am often asked how one finds isolated people whose whereabouts or existence is unsure. There is even greater curiosity about how one can join such people in the absence of common customs or spoken language. Moreso about how one makes sense of what one sees under such circumstances. After several years of contact with variously acculturated groups of settled and semi‐settled sea nomads in the Sea of Andaman Moken, Moklen, and Urak Lawoi (and its Lonta subgroup) two out‐of‐the‐blue opportunities unexpectedly occurred to travel with fully nomadic pagan ones, a type no longer thought to exist. The first trip was short, but it prepared me for the long next one. The first was a band of unknown origin, the second an aboriginal Moken‐related group off southern Burma.
Explorations in Anthropology and Theology
Authors: King Diane E.
Published: January 2005

Explorations in Anthropology and Theology. Frank A. Salamone and Walter Randolph Adams. eds. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. 1997. xii. 279 pp. $57.50 (cloth); $32.50 (paper).
Mind's Fire: Language, Power, and Representations of Stroke
Authors: Kelley Heidi , Betsalel Ken
Published: January 2005

Using autoethnography and photography, this article explores the culture of stroke, rehabilitation, and recovery. In 1998, Heidi Kelley had a massive stroke, leaving her speechless. The authors use the experience as an occasion to reflect on the meaning of disability and the relationship of language to power and representation. They conclude that the role of the anthropologist, like that of the artist, involves being willing to investigate the enigma of silence in both words and pictures.
On the Run: The Narrative of an Asylum Seeker
Authors: Williksen Solrun
Published: January 2005

The object of the article is to try and understand how a young woman managed to live through the experience of losing everything that was dear to her, first of all of her sister being “sold” to an old man, then of being threatened with death, then having to leave the picture of her mother behind, and then traveling into the unknown to a new existence in a country that she had never heard of—until she was told the name by the immigration police. It is the story of how to create an experience out of chaos, and how to come to terms with it through looking back and groping for words to give shape and sense to what has happened. In a wider theoretical perspective the article explores the problem of the interplay between the lived experience and the story in the making. This might indicate a dichotomy between experience and narrative, and that acting in the world, in this case being on the run, is lived experience, whereas the telling is just that —telling, thus removed from the drama of getting on with the living of it. That is not how I see it. When I was in the middle of unraveling Ada's life story I read an article by Sarah Lamb, “Being a Widow” (2001), where she shows that the widow's story is part of her lived life. However, I find the distinctions in approaches very subtle and have, in fact, never quite seen how anything concerned with human experience, let alone one's own life story, can be seen as outside of lived life, outside of reality, like a text. It is true that to the person in this account, a young asylum seeker in Norway, it may seem at times as if the story she is telling is about somebody else. “Sometimes I don't know who I am. How can all this have happened and yet I am still alive?” she asks. Nevertheless I was inspired by Lamb's insistence on the creative practice, and indeed experience, of the narrative presentation itself. Although I have encouraged Ada—as she will be called here—to tell her story, I have done so with a small feeling of doubt. Is it really the case that a forgotten period needs to be recaptured in order for people to feel they own their own lives? She herself has said, “If I told people everything that happened, nobody would believe me and I wouldn't know what words to use either, or how to start.”
Expert Witness: Notes toward Revisiting the Politics of Listening
Authors: Angel‐Ajani Asale
Published: January 2005

Through an exploration of what it means to conduct fieldwork in a large European prison, this article explores both the promises and the limitations of the form of anthropological engagement some have called “witnessing.” I call attention to the ways anthropological witnessing is written about within the discipline and argue that the notion of “witnessing” is largely an attempt to establish the authority of the ethnographer, without ever having to enter into that long‐standing debate. Finally, I attempt to grapple with the necessity—despite the growing silence in the discipline—for an anthropology that is steadfast in its commitment to what some have called “activist anthropology” and that recognizes the complex ways in which ethnographic experience is rendered.
Chernobyl's Sixth Sense: The Symbolism of an Ever‐Present Awareness
Authors: Phillips Sarah D.
Published: January 2005

This article examines the symbolic life of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster. I argue that Chernobyl symbols serve as a set of resources: they produce memory, and they are the grounds for making a new society. My analyses are based on representations of Chernobyl in academic and popular discourse, literature, and museums. Through discussions of embodiment and collective memory, I argue that Chernobyl has produced a sort of sixth sense or “awareness‐plus” among those who share the experience of the disaster.
Is Empathy Gendered and, If So, Why? An Approach from Feminist Psychological Anthropology
Authors: STRAUSS CLAUDIA
Published: January 2005

Difference feminists have argued that women have special virtues. One such virtue would seem to be empathy, which has three main components: imaginative projection, awareness of the other's emotions, and concern. Empathy is closely related to identification. Psychological research and the author's own study of women's and men's talk about poverty and welfare use in the United States demonstrate women's greater empathic concern. However, some cross‐cultural research shows greater sex differences in empathy in the United States than elsewhere. This combination of findings (women tend to demonstrate greater empathic concern, but this typical difference varies cross‐culturally) requires a complex biocultural explanation, drawing on cognitive, psychoanalytic, and feminist theories. Explanation, and not just description, is a prerequisite for change.
A Feminist Cognitive Anthropology: The Case of Women and Mathematics
Authors: MUKHOPADHYAY CAROL C.
Published: January 2005

This article is an exploration of the insights that a marriage between feminist and cognitive anthropology offers for understanding the scientific gender gap. Using comparative ethnographic and questionnaire data from India, I argue that Indian cultural models of family, gender, and schooling interact with macrostructural features of Indian society (educational, socioeconomic, and occupational) to frame academic decisions, producing a gender‐stratified scientific community. I then evaluate the applicability of Western theories to India. I suggest American individualistic models that emphasize internal, female mathematic deficiencies and gender‐identity conflicts embody American cultural models of gender and schooling not shared by Indian informants. Indian patrifocal family institutions also do not imply essentialist gender concepts. Finally, I argue American theories of gendered science embody long‐standing American cultural models that warrant critical scrutiny.
Critiquing the “Good Enough” Mother: A Perspective Based on the Murik of Papua New Guinea
Authors: BARLOW KATHLEEN
Published: January 2005

Despite ongoing debates about family, work, and the characteristics of good mothers, cultural and disciplinary biases have led many anthropologists and psychologists to ignore cultural aspects of mothering. Feminists and others have questioned the lack of agency for women in dominant psychological theories and the relative absence in psychoanalytic theory of mothers as subject persons. On the basis of data from the Murik of Papua New Guinea, in which mothering is conceptualized as a template for many kinds of social relationships and as a source of power, I argue that a holistic and relational view of mothering in social and cultural context is needed to restore subjectivity and agency to women as mothers and to understand mothering as a dynamic and culturally informed process.
Multiple Caretaking of Infants and Young Children: An Area in Critical Need of a Feminist Psychological Anthropology
Authors: SEYMOUR SUSAN
Published: January 2005

Multiple caretaking of infants and young children, although nearly universal, remains controversial in the United States. Why? This article addresses that question by first reviewing some of the pertinent cross‐cultural record on multiple child care and then by drawing on my own and others' research in India as a case study. The article critiques some of the Western developmental and psychoanalytic assumptions that underlie beliefs that exclusive mothering is essential to a child's well‐being and argues that a feminist psychological anthropology is required to address these important issues about child care in American society and to help normalize multiple child care in both practice and theory.
Suffering and Healing, Subordination and Power: Women and Possession Trance
Authors: BOURGUIGNON ERIKA
Published: January 2005

This article is an argument that for women, possession trance constitutes a psychodynamic response to powerlessness by providing them a means for the gratification of wishes ordinarily denied to them. Powerful alters enable them to act out wishes they cannot express directly. Possession serves both as an idiom of distress and of indirect self‐assertion, facilitated by ritualized, culturally structured dissociation.
The Eurocleft Study: Intercenter Study of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Complete Cleft Lip and Palate. Part 3: Dental Arch Relationships
Authors: Mølsted Kirsten , Brattström Viveca , Prahl-Andersen Birte , Shaw William C. , Semb Gunvor
Published: January 2005

Objective

To compare dental arch relationships up to age 17 in individuals with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated at five European centers.

Design

Longitudinal cohort study, where results were previously reported at 9 years and follow-up measurements were obtained for 12 and 17 years.

Setting

Multidisciplinary cleft services in Northern Europe.

Subjects

127 consecutively treated individuals with repaired UCLP.

Main outcome measure

Panel rating of dental arch relationship.

Results

The results revealed that at 17 years of age three of the centers had better ratings in dental arch relationship (means scores: 1.7, 1.9, and 2.2, respectively) than the other two centers (3.3, 3.4) at statistically significant levels (p < .01 to p < .001).

Conclusion

The results confirm that systematic differences in dental arch relationships may occur between different cleft centers, but do not allow specific causal factors to be identified.
Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Grafting: A Survey of ACPA Teams
Authors: Murthy Ananth S. , Lehman James A.
Published: January 2005

Objective

To evaluate the management of alveolar clefts by cleft palate and craniofacial teams in North America.

Design

An anonymous survey was mailed to 240 American Cleft Palate– Craniofacial Association teams across North America regarding alveolar bone grafting. The questionnaire included multiple questions about each team's approach to alveolar bone grafting and options for the missing tooth.

Results

Consensus was achieved in three areas: 90% of centers performed secondary alveolar bone grafting, 78% performed grafting between ages 6 and 9 years, and iliac crest donor site was the most popular site (83%). There was no consensus with respect to dental criteria for the timing of grafting, follow-up x-rays, or the use of a grading system for evaluating results. In addition, there was no consensus on the management of the missing tooth.

Conclusion

There is wide acceptance of secondary bone grafting and there is a consensus for the age of grafting (6 to 9 years) and donor site (iliac crest). The disturbing finding was the lack of postoperative x-ray evaluation of the results. With so much variability in management, the use of a routine, standardized scale to measure postoperative results would allow for better outcome studies in alveolar bone grafting.
Experiencing the “Good Life”: Literary Views of Craniofacial Conditions and Quality of Life
Authors: Strauss Ronald P. , Fenson Carla
Published: January 2005

Objective

This article is a qualitative approach to understanding how people with craniofacial conditions see quality in their lives and how they understand the components of building a sense of well-being or goodness in their lives. Literary selections from fiction, Web sites, and first-person accounts are examined and categorized into domains and themes to offer some insight into how quality of life is built into the lives of people with craniofacial conditions. Three domains are noted: (1) a personality and psychological domain; (2) a family, work, and social interactive domain; and (3) a cultural and societal domain. Within each domain, a number of themes are noted and discussed. Quotes from affected people and their families are offered to illustrate how they respond to and alter their lives and their world views. Many adults with craniofacial conditions find ways to live with their difference and to succeed using the measures they construct.
Quality of Life: How Do Adolescents with Facial Differences Compare with Other Adolescents?
Authors: Topolski Tari D. , Edwards Todd C. , Patrick Donald L.
Published: January 2005

Objective

Compare the quality of life (QOL) of youth living with visible facial differences (FDs) with youth living with a visible nonfacial difference (i.e., mobility limitations), an invisible difference (i.e., attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder), or no known difference.

Design

An observational study of perceived QOL among adolescents with FDs (n = 56), adolescents with no diagnosed chronic condition (NCC, n = 116), adolescents with mobility limitations (ML, n = 52), and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n = 68).

Participants

Adolescents ages 11–18 years with FDs recruited through Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, participated in this study. Comparison groups were from a previous study of QOL among youth with and without chronic conditions.

Main Outcome Measures

The main outcome measure was the Youth Quality of Life Instrument—Research Version, a generic instrument that assesses both perceptual and contextual aspects of QOL in four domains: Sense of Self, Relationships, Environment/Culture, and General Quality of Life.

Results

A MANCOVA adjusting for age, gender, and depressive symptomatology revealed that adolescents with FDs, on average, reported significantly lower overall QOL than did the NCC group. Their domain scores were similar to those of the other chronic conditions groups on all but the relationship domain. Reviewing the constituent items of the relationship domain revealed that adolescents in the ML and FDs groups reported higher scores than either the NCC group or the ADHD group on the relationship variables concerning family.

Conclusions

Adolescents with facial differences confront significant challenges to their own self-identity while experiencing higher QOL from relationships, possibly from their need to negotiate and maintain close family support.
Craniofacial Dermoids: An Embryological Theory Unifying Nasal Dermoid Sinus Cysts
Authors: Charrier Jean-Baptiste , Rouillon Isabelle , Roger Gilles , Denoyelle Françoise , Josset Patrice , Garabedian Eréa Noël
Published: January 2005

Objective

The nasal dermoid sinus cyst (NDSC) is an uncommon congenital lesion presenting as a large panel of midline craniofacial anomalies. The objective of this study was to review and reanalyze embryological hypotheses concerning NDSCs and to propose an embryological theory unifying the various anatomical characteristics of these lesions. The first case of frontal localization of a NDSC extending within the diploetic bone in a 9-month-old boy, presenting as a median frontal fistula with recurrent frontal swelling, 6 months after a mild frontal trauma is presented.

Results

Complete surgical removal was performed, and there was no evidence of either persistent or recurrent disease 2 years after his surgery. The embryological and anatomical origins of NDSCs are reviewed. This article reexamines and discusses major embryological theories on NDSC pathogenesis and proposes to refute the “prenasal space” theory of Grünwald and rehabilitate a forgotten embryological hypothesis, which unifies the main various clinical presentations of NDSCs.
A Surgical Conundrum: Tessier Number 4 Cleft
Authors: Coruh Atilla , Gunay Galip K.
Published: January 2005

Objective

Among the rarest of the craniofacial clefts is the Tessier no. 4 cleft; and hence little has been published about its management and treatment. Complete forms of the cleft yield poor surgical results because of the shortened oculoalar and oculo-oral distance and inadequate soft and bony tissue. Multiple sequential corrective operations are required. A primary early concern is the protection of the eye, particularly in severe forms in which corneal exposure occurs. This article presents two cases of Tessier no. 4 clefts, one unilateral and the other bilateral, and discusses the problems encountered during their surgical and postoperative managements.
Polyurethanes
Authors: Adam Norbert , Avar Geza , Blankenheim Herbert , Friederichs Wolfgang , Giersig Manfred , Weigand Eckehard , Halfmann Michael , Wittbecker Friedrich‐Wilhelm , Larimer Donald‐Richard , Maier Udo , Meyer‐Ahrens Sven , Noble Karl‐Ludwig , Wussow Hans‐Georg
Published: January 2005

The article contains sections titled:

1.Introduction2.Basic Reactions3.Starting Materials3.1.Polyisocyanates3.1.1.Aromatic Polyisocyanates3.1.2.Aliphatic Polyisocyanates3.1.3.Blocked Isocyanates3.2.Polyols3.2.1.Polyether Polyols3.2.2.Polyester Polyols3.2.3.Polycarbonate Polyols3.2.4.Other Polyols3.3.Diamines and Amino‐Terminated Polyethers3.4.Special Building Blocks3.5.Catalysts and Additives4.Structure and Morphology4.1.Polyurethanes Without Segmented Structure4.2.Polyurethanes with Segmented Structure4.2.1.Hard and Soft Segments4.2.2.Segregation and Morphology4.3.Cross‐linking of Polyurethane4.4.Polyisocyanurates5.Production of Polyurethanes5.1.Stoichiometry5.2.Reaction without Solvents5.2.1.One‐Shot Process5.2.2.Prepolymer Processes5.3.Reaction in Solvents5.3.1.One‐Component Systems5.3.2.Two‐Component Systems5.4.Reactive One‐Pack Systems5.5.Other Processes6.Processing of Polyurethanes6.1.Supply, Storage, and Preparation of Raw Materials6.2.Metering and Mixing Technology6.3.Processing Plants7.Foams7.1.Flexible Foams7.1.1.Flexible Slabstock Foam7.1.1.1.Raw Materials7.1.1.2.Production7.1.1.3.Properties7.1.1.4.Trimming and Processing7.1.1.5.Applications7.1.2.Molded Flexible Foam7.1.2.1.Production7.1.2.2.Molding Process7.1.2.3.Properties7.1.2.4.Applications7.2.Semirigid Foams7.2.1.Applications7.2.2.Production7.2.3.Properties7.3.Rigid Foams7.3.1.Raw Materials7.3.2.Processing7.3.3.Properties7.3.4.Special Types7.4.Integral Skin Foams and RIM Materials7.4.1.Applications7.4.2.Production7.4.3.Properties8.Noncellular Polyurethanes8.1.Cast Elastomers8.1.1.Applications8.1.2.Production8.1.3.Properties8.2.Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers (TPU)9.Polyurethane Coatings10.Polyurethane Adhesives11.Polyurethane Fibers12.Polyurethanes and Isocyanates as Binders13.Special Products14.Safety and Ecology14.1.Safety Precautions when Handling the Raw Materials14.2.Emissions, Accidental Release, and Waste Disposal14.3.Recycling/Recovery of Polyurethanes14.4.Fire Performance of Polyurethanes15.Economic Aspects
Adsorption
Authors: Bart Hans‐Jörg , von Gemmingen Ulrich
Published: January 2005

The article contains sections titled:1.Introduction1.1.Definition and History1.2.The Development of Adsorption Technology1.3.Adsorbents and Processes for Separation of Gases and Liquids2.Adsorption Apparatus2.1.Gas Phase Adsorption2.2.Liquid‐Phase Adsorption3.Adsorbents3.1.Oxidic Hydrophilic Adsorbents3.2.Carbon‐Containing Adsorbents3.3.Chemical Complexing Sorbents4.Thermodynamics, Equilibria, and Heat of Adsorption4.1.Explicit Equilibria4.1.1.Single‐Component Pure‐Gas Equilibria4.1.2.Temperature Dependence of the Saturation Loading4.2.Adsorption Enthalpy4.2.1.Differential Adsorption Enthalpies4.2.2.Integral Adsorption Enthalpies4.3.Mixture Equilibria4.3.1.Homogeneous Surfaces4.3.2.Mixture BET Equation4.3.3.Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory4.3.3.1.Spreading Pressure4.3.3.2.Examples for Binary Mixture Calculations4.3.3.2.1.Given Gas‐Phase Concentration4.3.3.2.2.Given Loading4.3.4.Statistical Thermodynamics Model5.Kinetics5.1.External/Internal Transport5.1.1.Internal Resistances5.1.2.Linear Driving Force and Other Models6.Adsorber Dynamics6.1.Modeling the Isothermal Fixed‐Bed Adsorber6.2.Modeling the Adiabatic Fixed‐Bed Adsorber6.2.1.Loading and Breakthrough Curves6.2.2.Simplified Models6.2.3.Coefficients7.Regeneration of Adsorbents7.1.Regeneration by Temperature Swing7.2.Regeneration by Pressure Swing7.3.Regeneration by Displacement7.4.Regeneration by Extraction7.5.Reactivation of Adsorbents7.6.Liquid Phase Desorption8.Gas Phase Processes8.1.Adsorptive Separation of Gas Mixtures8.2.Pressure Swing Processes8.3.Separation of Nitrogen from Oxygen8.4.Adsorptive Purification of Air8.5.Removal of Radioactive Nuclides from Exhaust Gas8.6.Removal of Organic Components from Exhaust Air8.7.Adsorptive Desulfurization Processes8.8.Adsorptive Purification of Methane8.9.Adsorptive Purification of Hydrogen8.10.Separation of Isomers9.Liquid‐Phase Processes9.1.Purification of Drinking Water9.2.Wastewater Treatment9.3.Separation of Nonaqueous Substances
Occurrence, Function and Biosynthesis of Lignins
Authors: Monties Bernard , Fukushima Kazuhiko
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Historical Outline

Occurrence in the Plant Kingdom

According to Type of Plant

According to Plant Tissue

Contribution to Dry Matter

Annual Global Synthesis

Ultrastructure of Wood and Lignocellulose

Role of Lignin in the Biopolymer Matrix

Interactions with Other Cell‐wall Polymers

Functions of Lignin

Stability of Plant Tissues

Protection against Biodegradation

Regulation of Water Transport

Other Functions Related to Plant Evolution and Systematics

Precursors of Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis

Transport

Established Pathways

Radical Polymerization

Labeling Experiments

Recent Findings, Hypotheses, and Controversies

Regulation of Lignification

Expression of Enzymes and Genes

Effects of Genetic Manipulation

Patents
Methods to Reveal the Structure of Lignin
Authors: Brunow Gösta
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Historical Outline

Lignin Preparations

Introduction

Milled Wood Lignin (MWL)

Determination of Total Lignin in Lignocellulosics

Methods to Determine the Molecular Mass of Lignin

Introduction

Gel Permeation Chromatography

Vapor Pressure Osmometry

Light Scattering

Ultrafiltration

Degradative Methods of Lignin Analysis

Introduction

Acidolysis and Thioacidolysis

Permanganate Oxidation

Nitrobenzene and Cupric Oxide Oxidation

Ozonolysis

Reductive Cleavage after Derivatization (DFRC)

Functional Group Analysis

Nondegradative Methods of Lignin Analysis

Introduction

Functional Groups

Aromatic Nuclei and Side Chain Structures

Structural Models

Introduction

Softwood Lignin

Hardwood Lignin

Non‐Wood Lignin (Straw, Grass)

Patents
Lignin as Raw Material: Applications and Use
Authors: Wünning Paul
Published: January 2005

Introduction and Historical Outline

Chemical Structure, Origin and Functions

Technical Production

Pulping Processes

Producers

Applications

Lignosulfonates

Alkaline Lignins (Kraft Lignins)

Patents

Raw Materials

Pulping Process

Process Technology

Outlook and Perspectives
Biodegradation of Lignin
Authors: Hatakka Annele
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Historical Outline

Bacteria and Microfungi

Actinomycetes

Other Bacteria

Soft‐Rot Fungi and Other Microfungi

Brown‐Rot Basidiomycetes

White‐Rot Basidiomycetes

Mineralization of14C‐Labeled Lignins

Ligninolytic Enzymes

Catabolism of Primary Degradation Products

Outlook and Perspectives

Patents
Sporopollenin
Authors: Wiermann Rolf , Ahlers Friedhelm , Schmitz‐Thom Ina
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Historical Outline

The Occurrence of Sporopollenin or Sporopollenin‐like Wall Components

Chemical Structure

Isolation and Purification

Chemical Analysis

Conclusion

Biochemical Studies on Sporopollenin Biosynthesis

Inhibitor Experiments

Tracer Experiments

Function of Sporopollenin

Applications of Sporopollenin

Biodegradation of Sporopollenin

Outlook and Perspectives

Patents

Acknowledgments
Methods to Reveal the Structure of Humic Substances
Authors: Amblès André
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Historical Outline

Chemical Analyses

Elemental Analysis

Chemical Degradation

Pyrolysis GC/MS

Analytical and Preparative Pyrolysis

Analytical and Preparative Thermochemolysis

Application to Soil Organic Matter Study

Spectroscopic Methods

UV/Visible Spectroscopy

Infrared Spectroscopy

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

Other Spectroscopic Methods

Molecular Weight Analysis

Gel Filtration

Ultrafiltration Techniques

Other Methods

Outlook and Perspectives

Acknowledgments
Biodegradation of Humic Substances
Authors: Kästner Matthias , Hofrichter Martin
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Genesis and Stability of Humic Substances

General Aspects of the Degradation of HS

Aerobic Degradation of HS

Methods to Estimate Microbial Degradation of HS

Bacteria

Fungi

Anaerobic Transformation of HS

Outlook and Perspectives
Biodegradation and Modification of Coal
Authors: Hofrichter Martin , Fakoussa René M.
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Historical Outline

Modification of Hard Coal

Bacteria

Fungi

Bioconversion of Brown Coal

Mechanisms: Solubilization, Depolymerization, Utilization

Organisms

Solubilization of Brown Coal

Depolymerization of Brown Coal by Oxidative Enzymes

Anaerobic and other Approaches to Convert Coal

Outlook and Perspectives

Patents
Desulfurization of Coal
Authors: Bogenschneider Bernd , Jung Ralf Günter , Klein Jürgen
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Origin and Type of Sulfur in Coal

Approaches for Coal Desulfurization

Mechanical Processes

Importance of Raw Material Properties for the Preparation Technique

Methods of Mechanical Pyrite Removal

Costs and Cost‐efficiency

Conclusions

Chemical Processes

Biotechnological Processes

Removal of Pyrite

Removal of Organosulfur Compounds

Conclusions
Chemical Structures of Synthetic Polyisoprenoids
Authors: Inoue Seiichi , Honda Kiyoshi
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Historical Outline

Synthetic Polyisoprenoids

(E)‐1,5‐Polyene Isoprenoids

(Z)‐1,5‐Polyene Isoprenoids

Saturated Polyisoprenoids

Aroisoprenoids (Hybrid Polyisoprenoids)

Outlook and Perspectives
Biosynthetic Routes to the Building Blocks of Isoprenoids
Authors: Rohmer Michel , Seemann Myriam , Grosdemange‐Billiard Catherine
Published: January 2005

Introduction: Recognition of the Isoprene Unit and Isoprenoids

Historical Outline

The Classical Mevalonate Pathway

The Recently Discovered Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway

Labeling Experiments: Discovery and Elucidation of the MEP Pathway

Origin of the Carbon Skeleton of Isoprene Units

Identification of Deoxyxylulose and Methylerythritol Derivatives as the First C5Isoprenoid Precursors

Enzymology and Genetics

1‐Deoxy‐D‐xylulose 5‐phosphate Synthase

1‐Deoxy‐D‐xylulose 5‐phosphate Isomero‐reductase

From Methylerythritol Phosphate to Methylerythritol Cyclodiphosphate

On the Origin of the Hydrogen Atoms in Isoprene Units: Indications on Further Steps

Distribution of the MEP Pathway and Evolutionary Impacts

Outlook and Perspectives
Natural Rubber and Structure of Latex, Biochemistry of
Authors: Wititsuwannakul Dhirayos , Wititsuwannakul Rapepun
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Historical Outline

Discovery of Rubber and Improvement of Rubber Properties

History of Rubber Trees and Rubber Plantations

Latex ofHevea brasiliensis

Composition ofHeveaLatex

Non‐Rubber Constituents ofHeveaLatex

Rubber Particles inHeveaLatex

Rubber Particle Membrane

C Serum ofHeveaLatex

Lutoids ofHeveaLatex

Lutoids and Colloidal Stability of Latex

HeveaLatex Metabolism

Factors Affecting Rubber and Latex Yields

Latex of Other Plants

Latex of Guayule

Possible Role or Functions of the Latex in Plants

Latex of Fungi

Diseases Related to Natural Rubber Latex (Latex Allergy)

Latex Allergy

Latex Protein Allergens

Proteins and Allergens in Latex Gloves

Cross‐Reactivity of Allergens

Allergens and Antigens of Latex Products

Remarks onHeveaLatex Usage and Allergy

Latex Protein Allergens from cDNA Clones

Outlook and Perspectives

Relevant Patents
Synthetic Rubbers, Technical Production and Properties of
Authors: Asai Harumi
Published: January 2005

Introduction

History

Isoprene

Polyisoprene

Other Copolymers

Chemical Synthesis

Isoprene

cis‐1,4 Polyisoprene

trans‐1,4 Polyisoprene

3,4 Polyisoprene

Others

Technical Production

Isoprene

Polyisoprene

Others

Properties

Isoprene

cis‐1,4 Polyisoprene

trans‐1,4 Polyisoprene

3,4 Polyisoprene

Others

Outlook and Perspectives

Isoprene

cis‐1,4 Polyisoprene

trans‐1,4 Polyisoprene

3,4 Polyisoprene

SBIR

Others

Relevant Patents
Biodegradation of Natural and Synthetic Rubbers
Authors: Linos Alexandros , Steinbüchel Alexander
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Historical Outline

General Considerations

Early Investigations on the Biodegradation of Natural Rubber

Biodegradation of Rubber Pipe Joint Rings

Degradation by Fungi

Recent Developments

Investigations in the Authors' Laboratory

Conclusions

Microorganisms Capable of Rubber Biodegradation

Actinomycetes

Microorganisms Other than Actinomycetes

Optimization of Rubber Biodegradation

Previous Experiences

Recent Efforts

Enzymatic Mechanisms and Genetic Basis

Primary Degradation Reaction forcis‐1,4‐Polyisoprene

Analogous Degradation Known from Other Isoprenoids

Catabolism of Rubber Degradation Products

Recent Investigations in the Authors' Laboratory

Biodegradation of Synthetic Rubbers

Biodegradation oftrans‐1,4‐Polyisoprene

Anaerobic Biodegradation ofcis‐1,4‐Polyisoprene

Perspectives and Biotechnological Applications

Acknowledgements
Biotechnological Processes for Recycling of Rubber Products
Authors: Bredberg Katarina , Christiansson Magdalena , Stenberg Bengt , Holst Olle
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Grinding of Rubber Material

Recycling of Rubber Material

Biotechnological Processes

Historical Outline

Rubber Products to which Biotechnological Recycling is Applied

Microbial Degradation of Rubber

Surface Modification

Microbial Detoxification

Current State

Rubber as a Carbon Source for Fermentative Processes

Putative Products

Outlook and Developments

Acknowledgements
Biotechnological Processes for Desulfurization of Rubber Products
Authors: Bredberg Katarina , Christiansson Magdalena , Stenberg Bengt , Holst Olle
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Rubber Material

Grinding of Rubber Material

Historical Outline

Rubber Products to which Desulfurization is Applied

Sulfur‐Oxidizing Microorganisms

Sulfur‐Reducing Microorganisms

Bioreactors

Analytical Tools and Techniques

Toxic Effects

Properties of Rubber Material Containing Microbially Treated Rubber

Current State

Outlook and Developments

Relevant Patents

Acknowledgements
Rubber Recycling
Authors: Schnecko Hans W.
Published: January 2005

Introduction

General Considerations

Volume, Composition

Types and Possibilities of Rubber Recycling

Reduce

Reuse (Retreading of Tires)

Recycling

Recover

Biodegradation

Conclusions
Microbial Water‐insoluble Aliphatic Polyesters (PHAs)
Authors: Merrick Joseph M.
Published: January 2005

Introduction to PHAs

Diversity of PHAs

Biosynthesis of PHAs

Short‐chain‐length PHAs

Medium‐chain‐length PHAs

Organization of Genes Required for PHA Biosynthesis

Degradation of Poly(3HB)

Intracellular Degradation of Poly(3HB)

Properties of Native Poly(3HB) Granules

Extracellular Degradation of PHA

PHA Granule‐associated Proteins

Conversion of 3HB to Acetyl‐CoA

Regulation of PHA metabolism
Non‐Storage Poly‐(R)‐3‐hydroxyalkanoates (Complexed PHAs) in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Authors: Reusch Rosetta N.
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Historical Outline

Complexes of cPHB with Inorganic Polyphosphates (cPHB/polyP)

Protein‐associated cPHAs

Occurrence and Distribution of cPHAs

Synthesis and Degradation of cPHAs

Physical Properties of cPHAs

Transbilayer Ion Transport by OHB

Transbilayer Ion Transport by cPHB/polyP Complexes

cPHB/polyP Complexes fromE. coliin Planar Lipid Bilayers

Synthetic Ion Channels from cPHB128and PolyP

Characteristics of cPHB/PolyP Ion Channels

Structure of cPHB/PolyP Complexes

Mechanism of cPHA/PolyP Channel Activity

Putative Functions of cPHB/PolyP Complexes

Protein‐associated cPHAs

Eubacteria

Eukaryotes

cPHA as Agents in Human Disease

Atherosclerosis

Diabetes

Methods

Isolation of cPHA Proteins

Determination of cPHAs

Evolutionary Aspects and Conclusions

Outlook and Perspectives
Metabolic Pathways and Engineering of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biosynthesis
Authors: Taguchi Kazunori , Taguchi Seiichi , Sudesh Kumar , Maehara Akira , Tsuge Takeharu , Doi Yoshiharu
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Metabolic Pathways for PHA Biosynthesis

Organization of the Genes Involved in PHA Biosynthesis

Monomer‐supplying Enzymes for PHA Biosynthesis

β‐Ketothiolase (PhaA)

Acetoacetyl‐CoA Reductase (PhaB)

(R)‐3‐Hydroxyacyl‐ACP–CoA transferase (PhaG)

(R)‐Specific Enoyl‐CoA Hydratase (PhaJ)

Metabolic Engineering and Improvements in PHA Biosynthesis

Metabolic Engineering for PHA Production in RecombinantEscherichia coli

Metabolic Improvement for PHA Production inRalstonia eutrophaPHB‐4 and Pseudomonads

Outlook and Perspectives
Metabolic Flux Analysis on the Production of Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)
Authors: Lee Sang Yup , Hong Soon Ho , Park Si Jae , van Wegen Richard , Middelberg Anton P. J.
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Historical Outline

Production of Poly(3HB) byRalstonia eutropha

Production of Poly(3HB) by RecombinantEscherichia coli

Conclusions and Prospects

Patents

Acknowledgments
In vitro Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates
Authors: Zhang Shiming , Lenz Robert W. , Goodwin Steve
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Historical Outline

Characterization of PHA Synthase Activity

Isolation and Activity of Soluble PHA Synthase

Properties of PHA Synthases

Lag Phase in Polymerization Reaction

Elimination of Lag Phase

Substrate Specificity

Mechanism of Polymerization Reaction

In vitroPolymerization of HACoA Monomers

Control of Polymer Properties

New Types of PHAs

Diversity of PHA Synthases

CoA Recycling Systems

Patents

Outlook and Perspectives
Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in Transgenic Plants
Authors: Poirier Yves , Gruys Kenneth J.
Published: January 2005

Introduction

Historical Perspective

Synthesis of PHA in Plants

Synthesis of Poly(3HB) inArabidopsis thaliana

Synthesis of Poly(3HB) in Other Plants

Synthesis of Poly(3HB‐co‐3HV) Copolymer in Plants

Synthesis of MCL‐PHA in Plants

Novel Uses for PHA in Plants

PHA to Modify Fiber Properties

PHA as a Feed Supplement

PHA as a Tool to Study Plant Metabolic Pathways

Patents on PHA in plants

Perspective on PHA Production in Agricultural Crops