bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Indolo[3,2,1‐d,e]phenanthridines and Isochromeno[3,4‐a]carbazoles: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Arylation via C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Yamuna Ezhumalai , Zeller Matthias , Prasad Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra
Published: February 2012

The title compounds (IV) and (VII) are easily prepared by alkylation of appropriate carbazole‐type precursors with o‐bromobenzyl bromide and following Pd‐catalyzed cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Novel Hepatoselective HMG‐CoA Reductase Inhibitors for Treating Hypercholesterolemia: A Bench‐to‐Bedside Case Study on Tissue Selective Drug Distribution.
Authors: Pfefferkorn Jeffrey A. , et al. et al.
Published: February 2012

Replacement of the pyrrole core of atorvastatin with five‐membered heterocycles and further improvement of the hepatoselectivity of the resulting pyrazole‐based HMG‐CoA inhibitor candidate lead to imidazole‐based HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors such as (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(1H‐1,2,3‐Triazol‐1‐yl)‐1,4‐naphthoquinones from 2‐Azido‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: do Nascimento Wilson Silva , Camara Celso Amorim , Nascimento de Oliveira Ronaldo
Published: February 2012

The optimized conditions allow the preparation of the triazoles in a regioselective manner including the sugar derivative (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Catecholthioether Derivatives: Preliminary Study of in vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities.
Authors: Adibi Hadi , Rashidi Atefeh , Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Alizadeh Abdolhamid , Majnooni Mohammad Bagher , Pakravan Narges , Abiri Ramin , Nematollahi Davood
Published: February 2012

8 Aromatic catecholthioethers of type (III) or (V) (no yields given) are prepared by anodic oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Transformation of Baylis—Hillman Acetates into N‐Substituted Quinolones Through an SN2′→SNAr→ (Δ3.4—Δ2,3 Shift) → Oxidation Sequence.
Authors: Napoleon John Victor , Manheri Muraleedharan Kannoth
Published: February 2012

A reaction pathway is developed to access 4‐ and 2‐quinolones in low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Approach for Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐5‐aryl‐2,5‐dihydropyridazines Using Onium Salt as Soluble Support.
Authors: Gao Meng , Lu Cui Fen , Yang Gui Chun , Chen Zu Xing
Published: February 2012

The conversion of the onium salt (III) into the title compounds involves Knoevenagel condensation with aromatic aldehydes, Michael addition with phenylhydrazone (III) and cleavage from the support using triethylamine in ethanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Tricyclic Aminopyrimidine Histamine H4 Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Savall Brad M. , et al. et al.
Published: February 2012

JNJ 40279486 ((R)‐I) is found to be a potent and selective H4 receptor antagonist with desirable pharmaceutical properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antiprotozoal Activities of 5‐Phenyliminobenzo[a]phenoxazine Derivatives.
Authors: Shi Xue‐Liang , Ge Jian‐Feng , Liu Bao‐Qiang , Kaiser Marcel , Wittlin Sergio , Brun Reto , Ihara Masataka
Published: February 2012

Notably, benzo[a]phenoxazines (IIIb) and (IIIc) with methoxyphenylimino groups in 5‐position show good in vitro antiprotozoal activity against P.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzotriazinone and Benzopyrimidinone Derivatives as Potent Positive Allosteric AMPA Receptor Modulators.
Authors: Mueller Rudolf , et al. et al.
Published: February 2012

Title compound (IIIb), the most promising derivatives, significantly facilitates the induction of LTP in rat at 1 mg/kg iv.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Method to Access Long‐Chain and Functionalized Mixed Methylphosphonate Esters and Their Application in the Synthesis of Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Sachnov Swetlana J. , Schulz Peter S. , Wasserscheid Peter
Published: February 2012

The solvent‐free reaction of ionic liquid (I) with alkyl halides (II) leads to the mixed methylphosphonate esters (III), which are used for the synthesis of novel methylphosphonate ionic liquids such as (V) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diaryl Selenides Using Electrophilic Selenium Species and Nucleophilic Boron Reagents in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Freitas Camilo S. , Barcellos Angelita M. , Ricordi Vanessa G. , Pena Jesus M. , Perin Gelson , Jacob Raquel G. , Lenardao Eder J. , Alves Diego
Published: February 2012

Imidazolium ionic liquids efficiently promote the selective synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl selenides under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Antioxidative Sesquiterpenes from Artemisia iwayomogi.
Authors: Ding Yan , Kim Jeong Ah , Yang Seo Young , Kim Won‐Ki , Lee Sang Hyun , Jang Hae Dong , Kim Young Ho
Published: February 2012

All the sesquiterpenes isolated (8 examples) except for compound (V), exhibit significant radical‐scavening capacity and reducing capacity.
ChemInform Abstract: Secoiridoid Glucosides and Related Compounds from Syringa reticulata and Their Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Bi Xueyan , Li Wei , Sasaki Tatsunori , Li Qin , Mitsuhata Naoko , Asada Yoshihisa , Zhang Qingbo , Koike Kazuo
Published: February 2012

isolation, structures and superoxide anion scavenging activity of seventeen compounds including the novel oleoside‐type secoiridoid glucoside, reticuloside (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Antimycins A19 and A20, Two New Antimycins Produced by Marine Actinomycete Streptomyces antibioticus H74‐18.
Authors: Xu Lin‐Ya , Quan Xue‐Sheng , Wang Chen , Sheng Hui‐Fang , Zhou Guang‐Xiong , Lin Bi‐Run , Jiang Ren‐Wang , Yao Xin‐Sheng
Published: February 2012

The two new antimycin antibiotics antimycin A19 (Ia) and antimycin A20 (Ib) are isolated from a cultured broth of the marine actinomycete Streptomyces antibioticus H74‐18 along with 5 known antimycins.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of New Meropenem Analogues.
Authors: El‐Gamal Mohammed I. , Kim Seong Jong , Oh Chang‐Hyun
Published: February 2012

The antibacterial activities of the three new meropenem analogues (I) are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Cytotoxic Indole‐3‐ethenamide from the Halotolerant Fungus Aspergillus sclerotiorum PT06‐1.
Authors: Wang Hui , Zheng Jin‐Kai , Qu Hai‐Jun , Liu Pei‐Pei , Wang Yi , Zhu Wei‐Ming
Published: February 2012

The new indole derivative (I) is isolated along with two known compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus sclerotiorum PT06‐1 in a hypersaline nutrient‐rich medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Particles by Spray Pyrolysis and Recent Progress in Its Application
Authors: Jung Dae Soo , Park Seung Bin , Kang Yun Chan
Published: February 2012

Review: 158 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Shifting Native Chemical Ligation into Reverse Through N‐ versus S‐Acyl Transfer
Authors: Macmillan Derek , Adams Anna , Premdjee Bhavesh
Published: February 2012

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Potentially Hemilabile N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Gu Shaojin , Chen Chao , Qiu Huayu , Chen Wanzhi
Published: February 2012

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus‐Containing Dendrimers: Uses as Catalysts, for Materials, and in Biology
Authors: Caminade Anne‐Marie , Majoral Jean‐Pierre
Published: February 2012

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Various Biological Potentials of Thiazolopyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Kashyap Shiv Jee , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Garg Vipin Kumar , Dudhe Rupesh , Kumar Nitin
Published: February 2012

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Fused Sultams
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Mondal Shovan
Published: February 2012

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Acceleration of Conjugated Dienyne Cycloaromatization
Authors: Hitt David M. , O'Connor Joseph M.
Published: February 2012

Review: 111 refs.
In situ upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils via nanocatalysis
Authors: Almao P. Pereira
Published: February 2012

Thermal in situ bitumen production has introduced a different engineering approach compared to conventional oil exploitation. Steam injection for example, allows the development of a relatively confined liquid and gas chamber surrounding and along the length of the production wells. This heated place can be converted into a reactor for upgrading processes founding expectations of extensive reservoir upgrading of unconventional oils reducing the total energy currently required to both exploit the reservoir and surface upgrade the produced bitumen. These could also selectively transform contaminants into harmless products remaining in the reservoir. This article highlights the nanocatalytic in situ upgrading paths that may result in economical and environmentally efficient oil sands exploitation. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Discovery of Novel 2‐N‐Aryl‐Substituted Benzenesulfonamidoacetamides: Orally Bioavailable Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors with Marked Antitumor Activities
Authors: Liu Zulong , Zhou Zuyu , Tian Wei , Fan Xing , Xue Ding , Yu Long , Yu Qiang , Long Ya‐Qiu
Published: February 2012

The discovery and optimization of a series of 2‐N‐aryl‐substituted benzenesulfonamidoacetamides as novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors are described. Pharmacophore exploration of hit compound AH‐487 identified the optimal structure of N‐heteroaryl‐2‐(4‐methoxy‐N‐(3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)phenylsulfonamido)acetamide as a potent antimitotic agent. Subsequent lead compounds 4 b and 4 c, with N‐4‐aminophenyl and N‐1H‐indol‐5‐yl substitutions at the acetamide position, respectively, were shown to induce cell‐cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and lead to an accumulation of HeLa cells in the sub‐G1 phase. More significantly, these lead compounds (3 c, 4 b, and 4 c) exhibit impressive cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cells including P‐glycoprotein‐overexpressing MDR‐positive cells, with potency greater than or equal to clinically studied benzenesulfonamide E7010. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that derivatives of AH‐487 disrupt mitotic spindles by inhibiting microtubule polymerization and induce apoptosis via induction of Bcl‐2 phosphorylation in tumor cells. The optimized leads 4 b and 4 c strongly inhibited the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a mouse xenograft model.
Chromenopyrazoles: Non‐psychoactive and Selective CB1 Cannabinoid Agonists with Peripheral Antinociceptive Properties
Authors: Cumella Jose , Hernández‐Folgado Laura , Girón Rocio , Sánchez Eva , Morales Paula , Hurst Dow P. , Gómez‐Cañas Maria , Gómez‐Ruiz Maria , Pinto Diana C. G. A. , Goya Pilar , Reggio Patricia H. , Martin María Isabel , Fernández‐Ruiz Javier , Silva Artur M. S. , Jagerovic Nadine
Published: February 2012

The unwanted psychoactive effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists have limited their development as medicines. These CB1‐mediated side effects are due to the fact that CB1 receptors are largely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). As it is known that CB1 receptors are also located peripherally, there is growing interest in targeting cannabinoid receptors located outside the brain. A library of chromenopyrazoles designed analogously to the classical cannabinoid cannabinol were synthesized, characterized, and tested for cannabinoid activity. Radioligand binding assays were used to determine their affinities at CB1 and CB2 receptors. Structural features required for CB1/CB2 affinity and selectivity were explored by molecular modeling. Some compounds in the chromenopyrazole series were observed to be selective CB1 ligands. These modeling studies suggest that full CB1 selectivity over CB2 can be explained by the presence of a pyrazole ring in the structure. The functional activities of selected chromenopyrazoles were evaluated in isolated tissues. In vivo behavioral tests were then carried out on the most effective CB1 cannabinoid agonist, 13 a. Chromenopyrazole 13 a did not induce modifications in any of the tested parameters on the mouse cannabinoid tetrad, thus discounting CNS‐mediated effects. This lack of agonistic activity in the CNS suggests that this compound does not readily cross the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, 13 a can induce antinociception in a rat peripheral model of orofacial pain. Taking into account the negative results obtained with the hot‐plate test, the antinociception induced by 13 a in the orofacial test could be mediated through peripheral mechanisms.
A 2,6‐Disubstituted 4‐Anilinoquinazoline Derivative Facilitates Cardiomyogenesis of Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Shen Guofang , Hu Ying , Wu Jianwei , Jin Ke , Zhu Danyan , Zhang Yandong , Yu Yongping , Lou Yijia
Published: February 2012

Chemical approaches are widely used in directed differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. In our search for novel lead compounds that could facilitate cardiomyogenesis of ES cells, we designed a two‐step screening system based on P19 embryonic carcinoma and mouse ES cells. Application of this system to a quinazoline compound library including 2,3‐disubstituted 8‐arylamino‐3H‐imidazo[4,5‐g]quinazolines and 2,6‐disubstituted 4‐anilinoquinazoline led us to the discovery of compound 62, which exhibits a stable cardiomyogenic effect on both P19 and mouse ES cells at a concentration of 0.1 μM. An EGFR inhibition assay and molecular docking studies confirmed 62 as a potent EGFR inhibitor with a tyrosine kinase IC50 value of 101 nM. However, major differences in cardiomyogenic activity were observed between iressa and 62, indicating that other molecular events are also involved in compound 62‐induced cardiomyogenesis of ES cells.
The combined predictive effect of patient characteristics and alliance on long‐term dynamic and interpersonal functioning after dynamic psychotherapy
Authors: Hersoug Anne Grete , Høglend Per , Gabbard Glen O. , Lorentzen Steinar
Published: February 2012

On the basis of the well‐established association between early alliance and outcome, this exploratory study investigated the associations between the therapeutic alliance and long‐term outcome, 3 years after treatment termination. In addition to the early alliance, pre‐treatment patient characteristics and expectancies that were significantly related to early alliance were included in the statistical analyses. The data are from the First Experimental Study of Transference, a dismantling randomized clinical trial with long‐term follow‐up. One hundred out‐patients who sought psychotherapy due to depression, anxiety and personality disorders were treated. Alliance was measured with Working Alliance Inventory after session 7. Change was determined using linear mixed model analyses. The alliance alone had a significant impact on long‐term outcome of the predetermined primary outcome variables of the study: Psychodynamic Functioning Scales and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Contrary to common clinical wisdom, when the pre‐treatment patient variables were included, more personality disorder pathology was the strongest predictor of favourable outcome, over and above the effect of the alliance, which was no longer significant. Clinical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Patients with more personality pathology responded more favourably to long‐term relational dynamic psychotherapy than patients with less personality pathology.

Patient characteristic had stronger effect on long‐term outcome, over and above the effect of alliance.

In relational dynamic psychotherapy, it is important to focus on dysfunctional interpersonal problems, as they appear both in the transference and in the patients' day to day life outside therapy.

The therapeutic task is to balance a forthright discussion of recurrent patterns of interpersonal difficulty with an empathic appreciation that these patterns are hard to change because of their longstanding entrenched nature.
Asymmetric requirement of surface epithelial β‐catenin during the upper and lower jaw development
Authors: Sun Ye , Teng Ian , Huo Randi , Rosenfeld Michael G. , Olson Lorin E. , Li Xiaokun , Li Xue
Published: February 2012

Background: Intercellular communication between epithelial and mesenchymal cells is central to mammalian craniofacial development. β‐catenin is the gateway of canonical Wnt signaling, one of the major evolutionarily conserved cell–cell communication pathways in metazoa. In this study, we report an unexpected stage‐ and tissue‐specific function of β‐catenin during mammalian jaw development. Results: Using a unique mouse genetic tool, we have discovered that epithelial β‐catenin is essential for lower jaw formation, while attenuation of β‐catenin is required for proper upper jaw development. Changes in β‐catenin in vivo alter major epithelial Fgf8, Bmp4, Shh, and Edn1 signals, resulting in partial transcriptional reprogramming of the neural crest‐derived mesenchyme, the primary source of jawbones. Conclusions: The Wnt/β‐catenin signal coordinates expression of multiple epithelial signals and has stage‐specific asymmetric functions during mammalian upper and lower jaw development. In addition, these findings suggest that evolutionary changes of the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway may lead to innovation of jaws. Developmental Dynamics 241:663–674, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmentally regulated expression of MEF2C limits the response to BCR engagement in transitional B cells
Authors: Andrews Sarah F. , Dai Xuezhi , Ryu Byoung Y. , Gulick Tod , Ramachandran Bindu , Rawlings David J.
Published: February 2012

Transitional and naïve mature peripheral B cells respond very differently to B‐cell receptor (BCR) cross‐linking. While transitional B cells undergo apoptosis upon BCR engagement, mature B cells survive and proliferate. This differential response correlates with the capacity of mature, but not transitional B cells to transcribe genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, including those encoding c‐Myc and the Bcl‐2 family members Bcl‐xL and A1. We recently demonstrated that transitional B cells fail to assemble transcriptional machinery at the promoter region of these target genes despite equivalent cytoplasmic signaling and nuclear translocation of key transcription factors including NF‐κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). The transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor‐2C (MEF2C) is regulated by both calcineurin and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways, and is essential for proliferation and survival downstream of BCR engagement in mature B cells. In this work, we demonstrate that transitional B cells have intrinsically low levels of MEF2C protein and DNA‐binding activity, and that this developmental difference in MEF2C expression is functionally significant. Forced expression of MEF2C in transitional B cells promoted cell survival, proliferation, and upregulation of pro‐survival genes. Thus, low MEF2C expression limits transitional B‐cell responsiveness to BCR engagement before these cells reach maturity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Surface‐Functionalized Layered Titanate Nanosheets Using Lamellar Self‐Assembly as a Template
Authors: Nakagawa Keizo , Yamaguchi Kazuki , Yamada Keiji , Sotowa Ken‐Ichiro , Sugiyama Shigeru , Adachi Motonari
Published: February 2012

The synthesis of metal oxide nanosheets using a lamellar phase as a template effectively modified the nanosheets because surfactant molecules surround the entire surface of the nanosheets. Here, we show the development of layered titanate nanosheets with a lamellar mesostructure. The layered titanate nanosheet forms by using the lamellar self‐assembly of cationic dodecanediamine as a template and an electrostatic interaction between negatively charged titanate nanosheets and positively charged 1,12‐dodecanediamine during hydrothermal synthesis. This approach leads to titanate nanosheets with new properties such as visible light absorption and a high adsorption of cationic organic compounds, which results in the effective photodegradation of Rhodamine B under visible‐light irradiation. This approach has important implications for the use of metal oxide nanosheets in environmental and industrial applications.
New Linearly and Angularly Fused Quinazolinones: Synthesis through Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions and Anticancer Activities
Authors: Patil Nitin T. , Lakshmi Pediredla G. V. V. , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Patra Sujata , Pal Bhadra Manika , Patra Chitta Ranjan
Published: February 2012

A robust library‐based approach to new fused quinazolinones by the development of gold(I)‐catalyzed cascade reactions between 2‐aminobenzohydrazides and alkynoic acids is documented. Selected compounds were administered to lung (A549) and breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7) in vitro and it was found that some successfully inhibited cell proliferation.
Triply Branched Viologen Stars: Synthesis and Polymerization by Peripheral Benzyl Coupling (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 5/2012)
Authors: Constantin Veronica‐Alina , Bongard Dirk , Walder Lorenz
Published: February 2012

The cover picture shows the synthesis of new star‐shaped oligoviologens (left to right), consisting of a trifold central branching unit and three linear branches (up to 5.8 nm long) of alternating benzyl (blue) and phenyl viologens (red). Up to 24 electrons can be injected into the viologen subunits at four well‐separated electrode potentials (green vertical region). The corresponding localized spin densities in a single short branch are shown in the grey region. Viologen stars with peripheral benzylic bromides are reductively cross‐linked to yield a polymer with persisting star subunits (brown region). The star‐shaped multielectron molecules are supposed to have potential applications as electron sponges, as switchable organic magnets, as nanometer‐sized components in composite nanomaterials, and so on. Details are discussed in the article by L. Walder et. al. on p. 913 ff.

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Inorganic polymeric materials for passive fire protection of underground constructions
Authors: Sakkas Konstantinos , Nomikos Pavlos , Sofianos Alexandros , Panias Dimitrios
Published: February 2012

Protection against fire for reinforced concrete constructions is of great importance worldwide. There is a general perception that concrete structures are incombustible and thus, they have good fire‐resistance properties. In a real fire incident, however, concrete can be subjected to excess temperatures causing severe spalling and serious damage to concrete structures with significant economic cost and high potential risk to human life safety. Although a variety of fire‐protection methods exist, there is always a need for the development of new materials with improved thermophysical properties and low cost. Inorganic polymeric materials are promising from this point of view. They are incombustible, combining excellent physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties with low production cost and significant environmental benefits. In this work, the thermophysical properties of ferronickel slag‐based inorganic polymeric materials are studied. The results from the laboratory scale experiments are promising and indicative of the large‐scale behavior of material. The effectiveness of this material has to be proved in large‐scale experiments at higher temperatures simulating several severe fire scenarios as well as under all kinds of mechanical loading before concluding for its applicability as a fire protection system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperparathyroidism–jaw tumor syndrome
Authors: Kutcher Matthew R. , Rigby Matthew H. , Bullock Martin , Trites Jonathan , Taylor S. Mark , Hart Robert D.
Published: February 2012

Background

Hyperparathyroidism–jaw tumor (HPT‐JT) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant multiple tumor syndrome characterized by hyperparathyroidism due to single or multiple‐gland parathyroid tumor(s). Since it was first described in 1990, the genetics underlying the syndrome have been elucidated and typical clinical presentations are becoming clarified as literature describing this rare entity amasses.

Methods and Results

A 22‐year‐old man presented with a 2‐year history of fatigue, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. Anemia workup indicated severe hypercalcemia. Investigations were consistent with a diagnosis of HPT‐JT. The patient underwent a total 4‐gland parathyroidectomy with single gland reimplantation.

Conclusion

HPT‐JT is a complex syndrome with phenotypic manifestations that can seem physiologically and temporally unrelated. The risk of parathyroid carcinoma is elevated in patients with HPT‐JT, necessitating rapid treatment and complete tumor resection to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with intractable hypercalcemia due to local recurrence or metastatic disease. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Multimodality approach for advanced‐stage juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas
Authors: Álvarez Fernando López , Suárez Vanessa , Suárez Carlos , Llorente José L.
Published: February 2012

Background

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNAs) with significant skull base involvement and intracranial extension are challenging tumors. We evaluated our experience in the treatment of extensive JNAs through resection followed by radiosurgery.

Methods

From 1999 to 2007, 10 advanced JNAs (Andrews grade IV) were treated by primary surgical resection followed by gamma knife radiosurgery of residual tumor. Tumor control and treatment morbidity were evaluated.

Results

Six months after radiosurgery and annually thereafter, an imaging study was done that revealed decrement in tumor size in 3 patients and no change in 7 patients, after a 3‐year minimum follow‐up. Clinically, patients are asymptomatic.

Conclusion

An efficient strategy in the management of extensive JNAs is the use of a multimodality approach, in which surgical resection is followed by the treatment with radiosurgery in critical locations. These therapeutic schemes are safe and offer long‐term tumor control. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Clinical value of endosonography in the assessment of laryngeal cancer
Authors: Kraft Marcel , Bruns Nina , Hügens‐Penzel Monika , Arens Christoph
Published: February 2012

Background

Endosonography has been successfully used in staging gastrointestinal cancer, but its value is as yet undetermined in laryngology.

Methods

This prospective study includes 84 patients undergoing microlaryngoscopy for laryngeal cancer. The results of endosonography were compared with those of CT and MRI in the 76 surgical cases.

Results

In the assessment of laryngal cancer, endosonography was superior to current imaging techniques, whereas CT and MRI showed similar results (accuracy of 89% vs 77% and 77%, respectively).

Conclusions

This study confirms that endosonography is highly effective in staging laryngeal cancer. Therefore, the latter may constitute a complementary diagnostic tool in these tumors and additionally may assist in choosing an adequate treatment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Presence of precore and core promoter mutants limits the probability of response to peginterferon in hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Sonneveld Milan J. , Rijckborst Vincent , Zeuzem Stefan , Heathcote Jenny E. , Simon Krzysztof , Senturk Hakan , Pas Suzan D. , Hansen Bettina E. , Janssen Harry L.A.
Published: February 2012

Peginterferon (PEG-IFN) treatment of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) results in HBeAg loss in 30% of patients, but clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from serum is less often achieved. We investigated whether the presence of precore (PC) and basal core promoter (BCP) mutants before PEG-IFN treatment affects serological and virological response. A total of 214 HBeAg-positive CHB patients treated with PEG-IFN±lamivudine for 52 weeks in a global randomized trial were classified at baseline as wildtype (WT) or non-WT (detectable mutants at PC/BCP) by line-probe assay. Response was assessed at 6 months posttreatment and through long-term follow-up (LTFU). Mutants were detected in 64% of patients, in varying frequencies across HBV genotypes A through D. Patients with WT had higher baseline HBV DNA, HBeAg, and HBsAg levels than patients with non-WT. Patients with WT were more likely to achieve HBeAg loss with HBV DNA <10,000 copies/mL (response, 34 versus 11%, P < 0.001) and HBsAg clearance (18 versus 2%, P < 0.001) at week 78 than non-WT patients. Among WT patients who achieved HBeAg clearance at week 78, 78% had undetectable HBV DNA and 61% achieved HBsAg clearance at LTFU (versus 26% and 15% in non-WT patients, P < 0.001 for both). The presence of WT virus at baseline was an independent predictor of response (odds ratio [OR] 2.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-7.31, P = 0.023) and HBsAg clearance (OR 5.58, 95% CI: 1.26-24.63, P = 0.013) and patients with non-A genotypes with detectable mutants had a low probability of response. Conclusion: The presence of only WT virus at baseline is a strong predictor of response (HBeAg loss with HBV DNA <10,000 copies/mL) to PEG-IFN for HBeAg-positive CHB. Patients with detectable PC and/or BCP mutants have a lower probability of response and are less optimal candidates for PEG-IFN therapy. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:67–75)
Toward human resource management in inter‐professional health practice: linking organizational culture, group identity and individual autonomy
Authors: Tataw David
Published: February 2012

The literature on team and inter‐professional care practice describes numerous barriers to the institutionalization of inter‐professional healthcare. Responses to slow institutionalization of inter‐professional healthcare practice have failed to describe change variables and to identify change agents relevant to inter‐professional healthcare practice. The purpose of this paper is to (1) describe individual and organizational level barriers to collaborative practice in healthcare; (2) identify change variables relevant to the institutionalization of inter‐professional practice at individual and organizational levels of analysis; and (3) identify human resource professionals as change agents and describe how the strategic use of the human resource function could transform individual and organizational level change variables and therefore facilitate the healthcare system's shift toward inter‐professional practice. A proposed program of institutionalization includes the following components: a strategic plan to align human resource functions with organizational level inter‐professional healthcare strategies, activities to enhance professional competencies and the organizational position of human resource personnel, activities to integrate inter‐professional healthcare practices into the daily routines of institutional and individual providers, activities to stand up health provider champions as permanent leaders of inter‐professional teams with human resource professionals as consultants and activities to bring all key players to the table including health providers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of skin aging effects on the skin surface profile and the correlated distribution of topically applied sunscreens
Authors: Gebauer Vera , Weigmann Hans‐Jürgen , Schanzer Sabine , Meinke Martina C. , Vergou Theognosia , Sterry Wolfram , Lademann Jürgen
Published: February 2012

The surface profile of human skin influences characteristically the distribution pattern of topically applied formulations and consequently the efficacy of sunscreens. The volumes of furrows and the spectroscopically determined factors of inhomogeneity are investigated for three sunscreens. A clear correlation between both measurands exists. The average values for younger (<32 years) and older (≥51 years) volunteers do not show statistically significant differences. Systematic variations found for the individual values are due to a reduced elasticity of the skin with age improving the homogeneity of the sunscreen distribution. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studying photoprotective processes in the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa using nonlinear laser fluorimetry
Authors: Fadeev Victor V. , Gorbunov Maxim Y. , Gostev Timofey S.
Published: February 2012

We use an advanced fluorescence method of Nonlinear Laser Fluorimetry in combination with Fluorescence Induction and Relaxation technique to study the influence of excess‐light conditions on the physiological state of the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. We demonstrate that zeaxanthin‐dependent non‐photochemical quenching leads to a significant increase in the rate constant of singlet‐singlet annihilation of chlorophyll a excited state, which suggests profound conformational changes in the light‐harvesting complexes of photosystem II. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of a Furanosyl‐pyranone Derivative Related to the Tri‐O‐heterocyclic Core of Herbicidins
Authors: Hsu Ching‐Yun , Lee I‐Chi , Lico Larry S. , Uang Biing‐Jiun , Hung Shang‐Cheng
Published: February 2012

A new compound that is structurally related to the undecose ring structure of herbicidins has been prepared. The synthesis of this novel furanosyl‐pyranone derivative was made possible through the regioselective reductive ring‐opening of a 3,5‐O‐benzylidene‐D‐xylofuranose and the hetero‐Diels—Alder reaction of an aldehyde and a Danishefsky‐type diene. The highly functionalized pyranone derivative can be a useful precursor for the synthesis of herbicidins.
Immobilization of laccase on itaconic acid grafted and Cu(II) ion chelated chitosan membrane for bioremediation of hazardous materials
Authors: Bayramoglu Gulay , Gursel Ihsan , Yilmaz Meltem , Arica Mehmet Yakup
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: Chitosan membranes were formed through a phase inversion technique and then cross‐linked with epichlorohydrin (CHX). Heterogeneous graft copolymerization of itaconic acid (IA) onto membrane was carried out with different monomer concentrations (CHX‐g‐p(IA)). The membrane properties such as equilibrium swelling ratio, porosity, and contact angle were measured, together with analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis of X‐rays (EDAX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

RESULTS: The Cu(II) ion incorporated membranes (i.e. CHX‐g‐p(IA)‐Cu(II)) were used for reversible immobilization of laccase using CHX‐g‐p(IA) membrane as a control system. Maximum laccase adsorption capacities of the CHX‐g‐p(IA) and CHX‐g‐p(IA)‐Cu(II) membranes (with 9.7% grafting yield) were found to be 6.3 and 17.6 mg mL−1 membrane at pH 4.0 and 6.0, respectively. The Km value for immobilized laccase on CHX‐g‐p(IA)‐Cu(II) (4.16 × 10−2 mmol L−1) was 2.11‐fold higher than that of free enzyme (1.97 × 10−2 mmol L−1). Finally, the immobilized laccase was used in a batch system for degradation of three different dyes (Reactive Black 5, RB5; Cibacron Blue F3GA, CB; and Methyl Orange, MO). The immobilized laccase on CHX‐g‐p(IA)‐Cu(II) membrane was more effective for removal of MO dye than removal of CB and RB5 dyes.

CONCLUSION: Flexibility of the enzyme immobilized grafted polymer chains is expected to provide easy reaction conditions without diffusion limitation for substrate dye molecules and their products. The support described, prepared from green chemicals, can be used for the immobilization of industrially important enzymes. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Equilibrium and dynamic studies of the removal of As(III) and As(V) from contaminated aqueous systems using a functionalized biopolymer
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Yunus M. , Sankararamakrishnan Nalini
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: A study of the removal of arsenic from a sample of actual groundwater using crosslinked xanthated chitosan is described.

RESULTS: Removal of As(III) and As(V) was studied at pH 7.5 under equilibrium and dynamic conditions. The equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models and the various model parameters evaluated. The monolayer adsorption capacity from the Langmuir model for xanthated chitosan flakes (XCF) (As(V) 20.0 ± 0.56 mg g−1; As(III) 33.0 ± 0.32 mg g−1) were lower than obtained for xanthated chitosan granules (XCB) (As(V) 36.0 ± 0.52 mg g−1; As(III) 48.0 ± 0.45 mg g−1). Adsorption of As (V) was unaffected by the presence of other anions while in the case of As(III) the presence of sulfate and silicate caused a 26.5–50.9% decrease in adsorption. A sample (940 bed volumes) of a groundwater spiked with 200 µg L−1 As(V) treated with XCF in column experiments reduced the arsenic concentration to < 10 µg L−1. The adsorbent was also successfully applied for the removal of total inorganic arsenic down to < 10 µg L−1 from real samples of arsenic‐contaminated groundwater.

CONCLUSION: Xanthated chitosan was an efficient adsorbent for the removal of both forms of arsenic from groundwater under near neutral conditions. The presence of sulfur and the amino groups resulted in increased adsorption capacity of the sorbent. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Measuring implicit psychological constructs in organizational behavior: An example using psychological capital
Authors: Harms Peter D. , Luthans Fred
Published: February 2012

Implicit psychological constructs are effective predictors of behavioral outcomes but are rarely used in organizational settings because of real or imagined problems with measurement validity and administration. To address these concerns, we present a means of assessing implicit constructs quickly and easily by using psychological capital as an example. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimally ablative resurfacing with the confluent 2,790 nm erbium:YSGG Laser: A pilot study on safety and efficacy
Authors: Walgrave Susan E. , Kist David A. , Noyaner‐Turley Ayse , Zelickson Brian D.
Published: February 2012

Background

The 2,790 nm Er:YSGG wavelength has a lower water absorption coefficient than the 2,940 nm Er:YAG, but a higher coefficient than the 10,600 nm CO2 laser. This allows ablative resurfacing with mild thermal coagulation, which may increase clinical efficacy while reducing patient downtime.

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the confluent 2,790 nm Erbium:YSGG (Pearl™, Cutera) laser for facial rejuvenation.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Eleven subjects (mean age 50, skin types I–III) with mild to moderate photodamage and wrinkles had two facial treatments with the 2,790 nm Er:YSGG laser using a fluence of 3.5 J/cm2, pulse duration of 0.4 msecond, and 20% overlap. Treatments were performed 6 weeks apart. Pre‐auricular biopsies from five subjects were evaluated at baseline and 6 weeks after the final treatment. Data from blinded photo assessments and subjects' self‐assessment of improvement were analyzed 6 weeks after the final treatment. Additionally, long‐term safety and efficacy were evaluated 2 years after the final treatment.

Results

Histologically, 80% of subjects had new collagen formation in the dermal grenz zone, and 60% had increased epidermal thickness. Almost all subjects (91%) showed improvement in tone/texture, 82% of subjects showed improvement in dyschromia and fine lines, and 54% showed improvement in wrinkles 6 weeks after the final treatment. Subjects' self assessment indicated “significant” to “dramatic” improvement in dyschromia (91% of subjects) and tone/texture (82%) 6 weeks after the final treatment. All subjects saw “mild” to “significant” improvement in fine lines and wrinkles. At the 2‐year follow‐up visit, 57% of the overall improvement achieved at 6 weeks was maintained. No adverse events were reported throughout the study.

Conclusion

Ablative resurfacing with the 2,790 nm Er:YSGG laser demonstrated visible improvement in photodamage with good tolerability and minimal downtime. Subjects were highly satisfied, especially with respect to dyschromia, skin tone, and texture. Lasers Surg. Med. 44:103–111, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Barcodes für Tiere und Pflanzen
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: February 2012

Ein Genabschnitt bei Tieren erwies sich als geeignetes Erkennungsmerkmal für Arten und erhielt deshalb die Bezeichnung DNA‐Barcode. Der Traum vom universellen Erkennungszeichen für alle Lebensformen verwirklichte sich allerdings bisher nicht, da die Situation bei Pilzen und Pflanzen komplizierter ist.
Manipulation of cortical gray matter oxygenation by hyperoxic respiratory challenge: field dependence of R2* and MR signal response
Authors: Rossi Cristina , Boss Andreas , Donati Olivio F. , Luechinger Roger , Kollias Spyridon S. , Valavanis Antonios , Hodler Juerg , Nanz Daniel
Published: February 2012

The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the field strength dependence of the transverse relaxation rate (R2*) change in cortical gray matter induced by hyperoxia and hyperoxic hypercapnia versus normoxia in an intra‐individual comparison of young healthy volunteers. Medical air (21% O2), pure oxygen and carbogen (95% O2, 5% CO2) were alternatively administered in a block‐design temporal pattern to induce normoxia, hyperoxia and hyperoxic hypercapnia, respectively. Local R2* values were determined from three‐dimensional, multiple, radiofrequency‐spoiled, fast field echo data acquired at 1.5, 3 and 7 T. Image quality was good at all field strengths. Under normoxia, the mean gray matter R2* values were 13.3 ± 2.7 s–1 (1.5 T), 16.9 ± 0.9 s–1 (3 T) and 29.0 ± 2.6 s–1 (7 T). Both hyperoxic gases induced relaxation rate decreases ΔR2*, whose magnitudes increased quadratically with the field strength [carbogen: –0.69 ± 0.20 s–1 (1.5 T), –1.49 ± 0.49 s–1 (3 T), –5.64 ± 0.67 s–1 (7 T); oxygen: –0.39 ± 0.20 s–1 (1.5 T), –0.78 ± 0.48 s–1 (3 T), –3.86 ± 1.00 s–1 (7 T)]. Carbogen produced larger R2* changes than oxygen at all field strengths. The relative change ΔR2*/R2* also increased with the field strength with a power between 1 and 2 for both carbogen and oxygen. The statistical significance of the R2* response improved with increasing B0 and was higher for carbogen than for oxygen. For a sequence with pure T2* weighting of the signal response to respiratory challenge, the results suggested a maximum carbogen‐induced signal difference of 19.3% of the baseline signal at 7 T and TE = 38 ms, but a maximum oxygen‐induced signal difference of only 3.0% at 1.5 T and TE = 76 ms. For 3 T, maximum signal changes of 4.7% (oxygen) and 8.9% (carbogen) were computed. In conclusion, the R2* response to hyperoxic respiratory challenge was stronger for carbogen than for oxygen, and increased quadratically with the static magnetic field strength for both challenges, which highlights the importance of high field strengths for future studies aimed at probing oxygen physiology in clinical settings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early prediction of response to Vorinostat in an orthotopic rat glioma model
Authors: Wei Li , Hong Samuel , Yoon Younghyoun , Hwang Scott N. , Park Jaekeun C. , Zhang Zhaobin , Olson Jeffrey J. , Hu Xiaoping P. , Shim Hyunsuk
Published: February 2012

Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor and is uniformly fatal despite aggressive surgical and adjuvant therapy. As survival is short, it is critical to determine the value of therapy early on in treatment. Improved early predictive assessment would allow neuro‐oncologists to personalize and adjust or change treatment sooner to maximize the use of efficacious therapy. During carcinogenesis, tumor suppressor genes can be silenced by aberrant histone deacetylation. This epigenetic modification has become an important target for tumor therapy. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, Vorinostat, Zolinza) is an orally active, potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. A major shortcoming of the use of HDAC inhibitors in the treatment of patients with brain tumors is the lack of reliable biomarkers to predict and determine response. Histological evaluation may reflect tumor viability following treatment, but is an invasive procedure and impractical for glioblastoma. Another problem is that response to SAHA therapy is associated with tumor redifferentiation and cytostasis rather than tumor size reduction, thus limiting the use of traditional imaging methods. A noninvasive method to assess drug delivery and efficacy is needed. Here, we investigated whether changes in 1H MRS metabolites could render reliable biomarkers for an early response to SAHA treatment in an orthotopic animal model for glioma. Untreated tumors exhibited significantly elevated alanine and lactate levels and reduced inositol, N‐acetylaspartate and creatine levels, typical changes reported in glioblastoma relative to normal brain tissues. The 1H MRS‐detectable metabolites of SAHA‐treated tumors were restored to those of normal‐like brain tissues. In addition, reduced inositol and N‐acetylaspartate were found to be potential biomarkers for mood alteration and depression, which may also be alleviated with SAHA treatment. Our study suggests that 1H MRS can provide reliable metabolic biomarkers at the earliest stage of SAHA treatment to predict the therapeutic response. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the arithmetic intensity of multigrid with the help of polynomial smoothers
Authors: Ghysels P. , Kłosiewicz P. , Vanroose W.
Published: February 2012

The basic building blocks of a classic multigrid algorithm, which are essentially stencil computations, all have a low ratio of executed floating point operations per byte fetched from memory. This important ratio can be identified as the arithmetic intensity. Applications with a low arithmetic intensity are typically bounded by memory traffic and achieve only a small percentage of the theoretical peak performance of the underlying hardware. We propose a polynomial Chebyshev smoother, which we implement using cache‐aware tiling, to increase the arithmetic intensity of a multigrid V‐cycle. This tiling approach involves a trade‐off between redundant computations and cache misses. Unlike common conception, we observe optimal performance for higher degrees of the smoother. The higher‐degree polynomial Chebyshev smoother can be used to smooth more than just the upper half of the error frequencies, leading to better V‐cycle convergence rates. Smoothing more than the upper half of the error spectrum allows a more aggressive coarsening approach where some levels in the multigrid hierarchy are skipped. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic sensitivity of serum and lumbar CSF bHCG in newly diagnosed CNS germinoma
Authors: Allen Jeffrey , Chacko Jeena , Donahue Bernadine , Dhall Girish , Kretschmar Cynthia , Jakacki Regina , Holmes Emi , Pollack Ian
Published: February 2012

Background

Marked elevations of AFP and bHCG in serum or CSF may serve as surrogate diagnostic markers in lieu of histology for primary CNS mixed, malignant germ cell tumors. There is less information on the diagnostic sensitivity of bHCG assays in germinoma.

Procedure

We report baseline serum and lumbar CSF bHCG values in 58 newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed germinoma patients gathered from two prospective clinical trials which required that patients have a normal AFP and bHCG ≤50 mIU/ml in serum and lumbar CSF.

Results

The location of the primary tumors was: suprasellar(23); pineal(20); suprasellar/pineal(9); and other sites(6). The mean age of the study population was 13.5 (4.3–25.9) years. A total of 23(40%) patients had elevations of bHCG in either serum or CSF, 20(34.5%) of whom had only bHCG elevations in CSF. The patients' bHCG profiles were divided into four categories: I (normal serum and lumbar CSF bHCG), 35(60%); II (normal serum and elevated CSF bHCG), 20(34.5%); III (elevated serum and CSF bHCG), 2(3.5%); and IV (elevated serum and normal CSF bHCG), 1(2%). The median CSF bHCG level was 7.7(2.5–16) in the 22 patients with abnormal CSF values and the lumbar value was higher than the serum value in 20 of 23(87%) patients with bHCG elevations.

Conclusions

Lumbar CSF was a more informative screen for bHCG than serum but the majority of patients (60%) had normal bHCG values at diagnosis. Until a more sensitive tumor marker for germinoma is devised, histologic confirmation remains the standard of care. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1180–1182. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.