bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critique Me
Authors: Cheng Ruijia , Zeng Ziwen , Liu Maysnow , Dow Steven
Published: October 2020

Creative workers frequently turn to online critique communities for feedback on their work. While past research has focused primarily on how to yield better feedback from providers, less is known about the strategies feedback seekers use to engage providers and request feedback. We present two studies to explore the feedback exchange dynamics between feedback requesters and providers in the subreddit community, r/design\_critiques. In Study 1, we interviewed 12 community members and found that while creators have strategies to request feedback, they expressed uncertainty about whether and how to include details about the design context, personal background, and specific feedback needs. In Study 2, through a mixed-method analysis, we identified how specific request strategies impact the quantity and quality of community feedback, and found several key, but undervalued strategies: signaling as a novice, critiquing one's own design, and providing design variants. These strategies led to better community response, but were rarely used. We offer design implications around how to leverage these insights to improve online feedback exchange
The Illusion of Choice in Discussing Cybersecurity Safeguards Between Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Their Caregivers
Authors: Mentis Helena M. , Madjaroff Galina , Massey Aaron , Trendafilova Zoya
Published: October 2020

Although continual online interaction is beneficial for an older adult with mild cognitive impairment, cybersecurity risks can become more pronounced. Prior work has touted the benefit of shared decision-making between care recipients and caregivers who may want to instill cybersecurity safeguards, particularly in the area of online safety and security. In this study we investigated the current online safety and security decision-making practices of care recipients with mild cognitive impairment and their spousal caregivers. We identified a gap between optative and actual decision-making: whereas couples expressed their desire to engage in shared decision-making, the actuality was most caregivers were compelled to take sole action. We further determined that shared-decision making was not feasible as there was a lack of suitable safeguarding options along a spectrum of care for the couple to choose from. We relate these findings to prior work that highlights similar challenges and discuss how there needs to be more offered than simply an illusion of choice.
When Are Search Completion Suggestions Problematic?
Authors: Olteanu Alexandra , Diaz Fernando , Kazai Gabriella
Published: October 2020

Problematic web search query completion suggestions-perceived as biased, offensive, or in some other way harmful-can reinforce existing stereotypes and misbeliefs, and even nudge users towards undesirable patterns of behavior. Locating such suggestions is difficult, not only due to the long-tailed nature of web search, but also due to differences in how people assess potential harms. Grounding our study in web search query logs, we explore when system-provided suggestions might be perceived as problematic through a series of crowd-experiments where we systematically manipulate: the search query fragments provided by users, possible user search intents, and the list of query completion suggestions. To examine why query suggestions might be perceived as problematic, we contrast them to an inventory of known types of problematic suggestions. We report our observations around differences in the prevalence of a) suggestions that are problematic on their own versus b) suggestions that are problematic for the query fragment provided by a user, for both common informational needs and in the presence of web search voids-topics searched by few to no users. Our experiments surface a rich array of scenarios where suggestions are considered problematic, including due to the context in which they were surfaced. Compounded by the elusive nature of many such scenarios, the prevalence of suggestions perceived as problematic only for certain user inputs, raises concerns about blind spots due to data annotation practices that may lead to some types of problematic suggestions being overlooked.
Robots in Groups and Teams
Authors: Sebo Sarah , Stoll Brett , Scassellati Brian , Jung Malte F.
Published: October 2020

Autonomous robots are increasingly placed in contexts that require them to interact with groups of people rather than just a single individual. Interactions with groups of people introduce nuanced challenges for robots, since robots? actions influence both individual group members and complex group dynamics. We review the unique roles robots can play in groups, finding that small changes in their nonverbal behavior and personality impacts group behavior and, by extension, influences ongoing interpersonal interactions.
What hinders pulmonary gas exchange and changes distribution of ventilation in immobilized white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) in lateral recumbency?
Authors: Mosing Martina , Waldmann Andreas D. , Sacks Muriel , Buss Peter , Boesch Jordyn M. , Zeiler Gareth E. , Hosgood Giselle , Gleed Robin D. , Miller Michele , Meyer Leith C. R. , Böhm Stephan H.
Published: October 2020

Electrical impedance tomography measurements of regional ventilation and perfusion applied to etorphine-immobilized white rhinoceroses in lateral recumbency revealed a pronounced disproportional shift of the measured ventilation and perfusion toward the nondependent lung. The dependent lung was minimally ventilated and perfused, but still aerated. Perfusion was found primarily around the hilum of the nondependent lung. These shifts can explain the gas exchange impairments found in this study. Breath holding can redistribute ventilation.
Molecular markers of skeletal muscle hypertrophy following 10 wk of resistance training in oral contraceptive users and nonusers
Authors: Oxfeldt Mikkel , Dalgaard Line Barner , Jørgensen Emil Brøbech , Johansen Frank Ted , Dalgaard Emil Barner , Ørtenblad Niels , Hansen Mette
Published: October 2020

The effect of oral contraceptive use on the skeletal muscle regulatory pathways in response to resistance training has not been investigated previously. Here we present novel data, demonstrating that use of second-generation oral contraceptives in young untrained women increased skeletal muscle regulatory factor 4 expression and satellite cell number following 10 wk of resistance training compared with nonusers.
Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on basal and exercise-induced inflammation in women
Authors: Lavin Kaleen M. , Perkins Ryan K. , Jemiolo Bozena , Raue Ulrika , Trappe Scott W. , Trappe Todd A.
Published: October 2020

We previously reported a positive effect of lifelong exercise on skeletal muscle inflammation in aging men. This parallel investigation in women revealed that lifelong exercise did not protect against age-related increases in circulating or muscle inflammation and that preparedness to handle loading stress was not preserved by lifelong exercise. Further investigation is necessary to understand why lifelong aerobic exercise may not confer the same anti-inflammatory benefits in women as it does in men.
Recovery Dynamics of Intestinal Bacterial Communities of CCl4‐Treated Mice with or without Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation over Different Time Points
Authors: Xu Yanping , Zha Hua , Chen Wenyi , Cao Hongcui , Li Lanjuan
Published: October 2020

Liver injury has caused significant illness in humans worldwide. The dynamics of intestinal bacterial communities associated with natural recovery and therapy for CCl4‐treated liver injury remain poorly understood. This study was designed to determine the recovery dynamics of intestinal bacterial communities in CCl4‐treated mice with or without mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (i.e., MSC and CCl4 groups) at 48 h, 1 week (w), and 2 w. MSCs significantly improved the histopathology, survival rate, and intestinal structural integrity in the treated mice. The gut bacterial communities were determined with significant changes in both the MSC and CCl4 groups over time, with the greatest difference between the MSC and CCl4 groups at 48 h. The liver injury dysbiosis ratio experienced a decrease in the MSC groups and a rise in the CCl4 groups over time, suggesting the mice in the MSC group at 48 h and the CCl4 group at two weeks were at the least gut microbial dysbiosis status among the corresponding cohorts. Multiple OTUs and functional categories were associated with each of the bacterial communities in the MSC and CCl4 groups over time. Among these gut phylotypes, OTU1352_S24-7 was determined as the vital member in MSC‐treated mice at 48 h, while OTU453_S24-7, OTU1213_Ruminococcaceae, and OTU841_Ruminococcus were determined as the vital phylotypes in CCl4‐treated mice at two weeks. The relevant findings could assist the diagnosis of the microbial dysbiosis status of intestinal bacterial communities in the CCl4‐treated cohorts with or without MSC transplantation.
Efficiency and Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Prediabetes: A Systemic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Song Yanan , Wang Haiyan , Qin Lingling , Li Mei , Gao Saiyue , Wu Lili , Liu Tonghua
Published: October 2020

Objective. The aim of this study was to review existing evidence on the efficiency and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of prediabetes. Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) to treat prediabetes were searched in the following databases from their inception date onwards until 2 May 2020: MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO, CINAHL, CNKI, VIP database, CBM, and Wanfang database. Quality assessment of included trials was accessed according to the guidance in Cochrane. Researchers independently assessed the validity of included trials and extracted outcome data for synthesis. RevMan 5.3 was used for the meta‐analysis. Results. Twenty‐two RCTs including 3923 participants were included in the study. Our findings upon the 22 RCTs showed CHM is effective in the treatment of prediabetes, which can statistically reduce the incidence of diabetes (RR = 0.48; 95% CI = (0.41, 0.57); P < 0.001), increase the incidence of normalization of prediabetes (RR = 1.76; 95% CI = (1.57, 1.96); P < 0.001), and lower FPG (MD = −0.38; 95% CI = (−0.60, −0.16); P < 0.001), 2hPG (MD = −1.13; 95% CI = (−1.60, −0.67); P < 0.001), TG (MD = −0.23; 95% CI = (−0.33, −0.13); P < 0.001), TC (MD = −0.34; 95% CI = (−0.52, −0.16); P < 0.001), and BMI (MD = −0.48; 95% CI = (−0.78, −0.18); P < 0.001) after treatment, and there was no difference of HbA1c (P > 0.05). Conclusion. CHM is effective for the treatment of prediabetes. CHM can statistically reduce the incidence of diabetes, increase the incidence of normalization of prediabetes, and lower the FPG, 2hPG, TG, TC, and BMI levels, but with no significant difference in HbA1c. In addition, CHM was relatively safe in clinical practice. More high‐quality RCTs should be conducted to strengthen the finding.
Influence of Social Networks on Citizens’ Willingness to Participate in Social Governance: Evidence from China
Authors: Nan Rui , Ouyang Fan
Published: October 2020

Social networks are social structure constituted by a set of social actors with embedded relationships, which has a significant impact on both perceptions and behaviors among individuals and groups. The influence of the social networks on citizens’ willingness to participate in social governance is manifested in two aspects: one is that social networks directly affects the citizens’ willingness to participate; the other is the social capital made up by social networks, social trust, and social norms affects the citizens’ willingness to participate. Drawing on a transprovincial survey regarding citizen participation in the social networks, this paper uses the Ordered Logistic model to explore how does social networks affect the citizens’ willingness to participate. The results show that (1) social networks have a significant impact on citizens’ willingness to participate in social governance, specifically, the stronger the social networks are, the higher level of the citizens’ willingness to participate will be; (2) social networks, together with social trust and social norms constitute social capital, and the social capital has a significant impact on the citizens’ willingness to participate in social governance, which is manifested; the higher the social capital stock is, the higher level of the citizens’ willingness to participate will be; and (3) from the lens of demographic characteristics, those who are male, high educated, CCP members, or from the eastern region of China are more willing to participate.
A Scoping Review of Pain Management Education Programs (PMEPs): Do They Prepare Nurses to Deal with Patients’ Postoperative Pain?
Authors: Chatchumni Manaporn , Eriksson Henrik , Mazaheri Monir
Published: October 2020

This is a report of a scoping review undertaken to obtain an overview of studies conducted on pain management education programs (PMEPs). The aim of this review was to describe existing research publications relating to PMEP to map how pain management practice training might directly influence surgical nurses in contributing to successful pain outcomes in patients. The initial search of electronic databases identified 40 articles according to the inclusion criteria and search strategy, which applied the following terms: (“Pain management education program”) AND

∗

OR

∗

(“Nurses”) AND

∗

OR

∗

(“Patient outcomes”) AND

∗

(“Mixed methods”). Titles, abstracts, and keywords were also searched for the term “Nurse education.” After applying exclusion criteria, five relevant peer-reviewed articles were eventually selected for the final charting of the data. The search included articles published between January 2015 and March 2019. The results show that PMEPs employ a variety of computer-based simulation, web-based facilitation, and video materials based on an evidence-based approach in their syllabuses. PMEPs were shown to enhance practice by promoting improved skills in critical thinking, leadership, patient management, and health promotion. Additionally, these programs promote an ability to practice across a variety of inpatient and outpatient settings, wherein nurses’ engagement in managing patients’ pain increased after completing the PMEP. Research within PMEP indicates that these programs may contribute to promoting opportunities for new collaborations within multidisciplinary team projects. Additionally, further research initiatives are needed to explore various aspects of these programs to enhance the nursing skills required for effective pain management, such as computer-based simulation, web-based facilitation, and video materials. Moreover, research relating to PMEPs in low- and middle-income countries is scarce and warrants further study.
Method for Evaluating the Effect of the Design and the Environmental Conditions of the Manufacturing Cells toImprove Work Performance
Authors: Montoya-Reyes Mildrend , González-Angeles Alvaro , Gil-Samaniego-Ramos Margarita , Mendoza-Muñoz Ismael , Ling-López Juan
Published: October 2020

A method is proposed to improve work performance through an adequate design of the manufacturing cell along with optimal environmental conditions to contribute to the well-being of the worker. The methodology used was divided into four stages: the first corresponds to the analysis of operations; the second is the analysis of the effect of the design of the manufacturing cell; the third is the evaluation of environmental conditions such as lighting, noise, and temperature to compare them with the official standard and determine if they meet the permitted levels; and the fourth is to conclude and recommend improvements to the manufacturing cell. The method was applied in a company in the automotive industry, where a change was made from a linear cell distribution to an L-shaped distribution, with a 50% reduction in workforce and an increase in the productive time of the worker of 49%. Also, the environmental conditions of the cell comply with the requirements of official standards.
Kinematic Accuracy Method of Mechanisms Based on Tolerance Theories
Authors: Zhang Li , Nie Hong , Wei Xiaohui
Published: October 2020

Traditional tolerance analysis is mostly restricted to static analysis. However, tolerances of different components also affect the movement accuracy in a mechanism. In this paper, the idea of kinematic tolerance analysis is advanced. In the interest of achieving movement precision considering tolerance, a kinematic Jacobian model is established on the basis of a traditional dimensional chain and an original Jacobian model. The tolerances of functional element (FE) pairs are expressed as small-displacement screws. In addition, joint clearances resulting from tolerance design also influence the kinematic accuracy, and they are modeled by FE pairs. Two examples are presented to illustrate the rationality and the validity of the kinematic tolerance model. The results of the two examples are shown, and the discussion is presented. A physical model of the 2D example is also built up in 3DCS software. Based on the discussion, a comparison between the statistical and physical models is carried out, and the merits and demerits of both are listed.
Hepatocyte and Islet Cell Cotransplantation on Poly-L-Lactide Matrix for the Treatment of Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Hendrawan Siufui , Lheman Jennifer , Nuraeni  , Weber Ursula , Baer Hans Ulrich
Published: October 2020

The human autologous hepatocyte matrix implant is a promising alternative procedure to counter liver damage. We assessed the outcome of human hepatocytes isolation from cirrhotic liver compared to the clinical and histological scores of disease severity. A total of 11 patients with various clinical scores (CTP and MELD) and histological score (Metavir, fibrosis) of liver cirrhosis were included in the hepatocyte matrix implant clinical phase I study. The liver segment and pancreatic tissue were harvested from each patient, and hepatocytes and cells of islets of Langerhans were isolated. The freshly isolated human hepatocytes were coseeded with the islet cells onto poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds, cultured, and transplanted back into the patient. Human hepatocytes were isolated from 11 cirrhotic liver specimens with a resulting yield of 1.4 ± 0.5 × 106 cells per gram of the liver specimen and a viability rate of 52 ± 13%. It was found that the yield and viability of the liver cells were not correlated with the clinical and histological scores of the liver cirrhosis. A correlation was found between the hepatocyte yield obtained and the average number of hepatocytes counted in 10 microscopic fields of view. More viable cells were obtained from cirrhotic livers caused by chronic hepatitis B as compared to chronic hepatitis C in the same MELD score range. There was no correlation between the clinical and histological disease severity scores of liver cirrhosis and the outcome of hepatocytes isolation. It seems that the yield could depend on the type of hepatitis underlying the cirrhotic tissue. The study was registered at www.clinicaltrial.gov with the study identifier: NCT01335568.
[Retracted] COVID‐19 and Living Donor Kidney Transplantation in Naples during the Pandemic
Authors: Peluso Gaia , Campanile Silvia , Scotti Alessandro , Tammaro Vincenzo , Jamshidi Akbar , Pelosio Luigi , Caggiano Marcello , Pagano Teresa , Cuozzo Francesco , D’Ambrosio Fabrizio , Calogero Armando , Dodaro Concetta , Sagnelli Caterina , Carlomagno Nicola , Santangelo Michele L.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. SARS‐CoV‐2 is a virus that causes a potentially deadly syndrome that affects especially the respiratory tract. Kidney‐transplanted patients are immunosuppressed and more susceptible to viral infections. We have examined our transplantation activity to explore the future role of kidney transplantation from deceased and living donors in COVID‐19 era. Patients and Methods. The activity of our transplant center of Naples (one of the two transplant centers in Campania, South Italy) continued during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We have analysed the kidney transplants carried out between March 9 and June 9, 2020, comparing these data with the numbers of procedures performed in the two previous years. Moreover, we have considered the possibility of performing living donor transplants during a worldwide pandemic. Results. From March 9, 2020, when the Italian lockdown begun, till June 9, 2020, five kidney transplants have been performed at our transplant center in Naples, all from deceased donors. The donors and the recipients have been screened for COVID‐19 infection, and the patients, all asymptomatic, followed strict preventive measures and were fully informed about the risks of surgery and immunosuppression during a pandemic. All the transplanted patients remained COVID negative during the follow‐up. The number of transplants performed has been constant compared to the same months of 2018 and 2019. In agreement with the patients, we decided to postpone living donor transplants to a period of greater control of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spread in Italy. Conclusion. Deceased donor kidney transplantation should continue, especially in a region with moderate risk, like Campania, with a more careful selection of donors and recipients, preferring standard donors and recipients without severe comorbidities. Living donor transplantation program, instead, should be postponed to a period of greater control of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spread, as it is an elective surgery and its delay does not determine additional risks for patients.
Novel WT1 Target Genes: IL-2, IL-2RB, and IL-2RG Discovered during WT1 Silencing Using Lentiviral‐Based RNAi in Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Authors: Dejjuy Duangnapa , Dechsukhum Chavaboon , Pattanapanyasat Kovit , Noulsri Egarit , Dissen Gregory A , Leeanansaksiri Wilairat
Published: October 2020

Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) is a transcription factor which plays a major role in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. WT1 was first identified as a tumor suppressor gene in Wilms’ tumor. However, overexpression of WT1 has been detected in several types of malignancy including some types of leukemia. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying WT1‐mediated leukemogenesis, lentiviral‐based siRNA was employed as a tool to suppress WT1 expression in the myeloid leukemia cell line, K562. Successfully, both WT1 RNA and protein levels were downregulated in the leukemia cells. The silencing of WT1 resulted in significant growth inhibition in WT1‐siRNA‐treated cells for 40 ± 7.0%, 44 ± 9.5%, and 88 ± 9.1% at 48, 72, and 96 hours posttransduction as compared with the control cells, respectively. By using apoptosis detection assays (caspase‐3/7 activity and Annexin V‐FITC/PI assays), WT1 silencing induced a higher degree of early and late apoptosis in siRNA‐treated K562 as compared with the control cells. Interestingly, the expression of survival signaling genes, IL-2, IL-2RB, and IL-2RG, was also suppressed after WT1‐siRNA treatment. In addition, the WT1 silencing also inhibited the S phase of the cell cycle and induced cell death. Our results indicated that WT1 silencing by siRNA can suppress cellular proliferation, induce apoptosis, and reduce S phase fraction of K562 cells. Moreover, transcriptional modulation of IL-2, IL-2RB, and IL2-2RG expression by WT1 was likely involved in this phenotypic change. Overall, this study confirmed the oncogenic role of WT1 in myeloid leukemia and discovered the new target genes of WT1 which are likely involved in WT1‐mediated leukemogenesis.
Triterpenoid Saponin AG8 from Ardisia gigantifolia stapf. Induces Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Apoptosis through Oxidative Stress Pathway
Authors: Mu Li-Hua , Wang Li-Hua , Yu Teng-Fei , Wang Yu-Ning , Yan Hong , Liu Ping , Yan Can
Published: October 2020

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are associated with poor patient survival because of the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expressions. Our previous studies have shown that the triterpenoid saponin AG8 from Ardisia gigantifolia stapf. inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. In this study, the effects of AG8 were further analyzed in different TNBC cell types: MDA-MB-231, BT-549, and MDA-MB-157 cells. AG8 inhibited the viability of MDA-MB-231, BT-549, and MDA-MB-157 cells in a dose-dependent manner and showed stronger cytotoxicity to African American (AA) and mesenchymal (M) subtypes than Caucasian (CA) and mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) subtypes, respectively. AG8 impaired the uptake of MitoTracker Red CMXRos by the mitochondria of TNBC cells in a dose-dependent manner, and this was recovered by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). AG8 affected GSH, SOD, and MDA levels of TNBC cells, but different TNBC subtypes had different sensitivities to AG8 and NAC. In addition, we found that AG8 increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the levels of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and significantly decreased phosphorylation of ERK and AKT in BT549 and MDA-MB-157 cells. AG8 elicited its anticancer effects through ROS generation, ERK and AKT activation, and by triggering mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in TNBC cells. AG8 had selective cytotoxic effects against the AA and M TNBC subtypes and markedly induced MDA-MB-157 (AA subtype) cell apoptosis through pathways that were not associated with ROS, which was different from the other two subtypes. The underlying mechanisms should be further investigated.
Visual Navigation with Asynchronous Proximal Policy Optimization in Artificial Agents
Authors: Zeng Fanyu , Wang Chen
Published: October 2020

Vanilla policy gradient methods suffer from high variance, leading to unstable policies during training, where the policy’s performance fluctuates drastically between iterations. To address this issue, we analyze the policy optimization process of the navigation method based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) that uses asynchronous gradient descent for optimization. A variant navigation (asynchronous proximal policy optimization navigation, appoNav) is presented that can guarantee the policy monotonic improvement during the process of policy optimization. Our experiments are tested in DeepMind Lab, and the experimental results show that the artificial agents with appoNav perform better than the compared algorithm.
A Novel Ray-Casting Algorithm Using Dynamic Adaptive Sampling
Authors: Wang Huadeng , Xu Guang , Pan Xipeng , Liu Zhenbing , Lan Rushi , Luo Xiaonan
Published: October 2020

Ray-casting algorithm is an important volume rendering algorithm, which is widely used in medical image processing. Aiming to address the shortcomings of the current ray-casting algorithms in 3D reconstruction of medical images, such as slow rendering speed and low sampling efficiency, an improved algorithm based on dynamic adaptive sampling is proposed. By using the central difference gradient method, the corresponding sampling interval is obtained dynamically according to the different sampling points. Meanwhile, a new rendering operator is proposed based on the color value and opacity changes before and after the ray enters the volume element, and the resistance luminosity. Compared with the state of other algorithms, experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has a faster rendering speed while ensuring the quality of the generated image.
Preparation and Application of Aromatic Polymer Proton Exchange Membrane with Low-Sulfonation Degree
Authors: Gao Yushan , Zhang Zhidan , Zhong Shuangling , Daneshfar Reza
Published: October 2020

4,4′-Dichlorodiphenylsulfone-3,3′-disulfonic acid (disodium) salt and 4,4′-difluorodiphenylsulfone were used as sulfonated monomer. 4,4′-Fluorophenyl sulfones were used as the nonsulfonated monomer. 4,4′-Dihydroxy diphenyl ether or 4,4′-thiodibenzenethiol was used as the comonomer. The sulfonated poly (aryl ether sulfone) (SPES) and sulfonated poly (arylene thioether sulfone) (SPTES) with sulfonation degree of 30% and 50% were successfully prepared by nucleophilic polycondensation. Two kinds of aromatic polymer proton exchange membranes were prepared by using sulfonated poly phthalazinone ether ketone (SPPEK) material and fluidization method. The performance of the prepared aromatic polymer proton exchange membrane was researched by the micromorphology, ion exchange capacity, water absorption and swelling rate, oxidation stability, tensile properties, and proton conductivity. Experimental results show that there is no agglomeration in the prepared aromatic polymer proton exchange membrane. The ion exchange capacity is 0.76–1.15 mmol/g. The water absorption and swelling rate increase with the increase of sulfonation degree. The sulfonated poly (aryl ether sulfone) membrane shows better oxidation stability than sulfonated poly (aryl sulfide sulfone). They have good mechanical stability. The prepared aromatic polymer proton exchange membrane with low sulfonation degree has good performance, which can be widely used in portable power equipment, electric vehicles, fixed power stations, and other new energy fields.
Fully Parametric Optimization Designs of Wing Components
Authors: Hu Zhendong , Qiu Ju , Zhang Fa
Published: October 2020

An optimization technique called shape-linked optimization, which is different from the traditional optimization method, is introduced in this paper. The research introduces an updated wing optimization design in an effort to adapt to continuous structure changes and shapes while optimizing for a lighter weight of the structure. The changing tendencies of the thickness of wing skins and the cross-section areas of the wing beams are fitted to continuous polynomial functions, whose coefficients are designed as variables, which is a different engineering approach from the size variants of the thickness and the area in the traditional optimization. The structural strength, stiffness, and stability are constraints. Firstly, this research unearths the significance of utilizing a modernized optimization process which alters the production of the traditional 12 or over 12 segment wing design and applies new approaches and methods with less variables that contribute to expedited design cycles, decreased engineering and manufacturing expenditures, and a lighter weight aircraft with lower operating costs than the traditional design for the operators. And then, this paper exemplifies and illustrates the validity of the above claims in a detailed and systematic approach by comparing traditional and modernized optimization applications with a two-beam wing. Finally, this paper also proves that the new optimized structure parameters are easier than the size optimization to process and manufacture.
HBV Core Promoter Inhibition by Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitor (SRI-32007)
Authors: Kalkeri Raj , Peng Junzhong , Huang Chunsheng , Cai Zhaohui , Ptak Roger G. , Suto Mark J.
Published: October 2020

Approximately 257 million people chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide are at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, despite the availability of potent nucleoside/tide inhibitors, currently there are no curative therapies for chronic HBV infections. To identify potential new antiviral molecules, a select group of compounds previously evaluated in clinical studies were tested against 12 different viruses. Amongst the compounds tested, SRI-32007 (CYT997) demonstrated antiviral activity against HBV (genotype D) in HepG2.2.2.15 cell-based virus yield assay with 50% effective concentration (EC50) and selectivity index (SI) of 60.1 nM and 7.2, respectively. Anti-HBV activity of SRI-32007 was further confirmed against HBV genotype B in huh7 cells with secreted HBe antigen endpoint (EC50 40 nM and SI 250). To determine the stage of HBV life cycle inhibited by SRI-32007, time of addition experiment was conducted in HepG2-NTCP cell-based HBV infectious assay. Results indicated that SRI-32007 retained anti-HBV activity even when added 72 hours postinfection (72 h). Additional mechanism of action studies demonstrated potent inhibition of HBV core promoter activity by SRI-32007 with an EC50 of 40 nM and SI of >250. This study demonstrates anti-HBV activity of a repurposed compound SRI-32007 through inhibition of HBV core promoter activity. Further evaluation of SRI-32007 in HBV animal models is needed to confirm its activity in vivo. Our experiments illustrate the utility of repurposing strategy to identify novel antiviral chemical leads. HBV core promoter inhibitors such as SRI-32007 might enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat HBV infections.
Intratendinous Ganglion Cyst of the Hand: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Chalidis Byron , Kitridis Dimitrios , Dimitriou Christos , Givissis Panagiotis
Published: October 2020

Intratendinous ganglion of the hand is an extremely rare benign tumor, and only few cases have been reported so far in the literature. We present a case with an intratendinous ganglion of the extensor digitorum communis that treated with en bloc resection and subsequent tendon repair. According to the review of the literature and published data, the ganglion is predominantly located at hand extensor tendons (82%), and it is more frequent among females (75%) and shows a high incidence in 5th and 6th decades of life (94.5%). Surgical excision with or without side-to-side repair and/or tendon transfer leads to excellent outcome and low potential for recurrence.
Field Test and Simulation Analysis of Thermal Performance of Bamboo Steel Composite Wall in Different Climate Regions
Authors: Shan Qifeng , Tong Keting , Zhang Xiaocun , Li Yushun
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a bamboo steel composite testing building was designed and built to study the thermal performance of a new proposed bamboo steel composite wall. The heat flux meter method was adopted in the field test to measure the heat transfer coefficient of the composite wall. The energy consumption of testing building was measured to verify the validity of the simulation model. Then, the simulation analysis was conducted to study the energy performance of the composite walls compared with reinforced concrete wall in different climate regions. The result showed that the measurement value of heat transfer coefficient matched well with the theoretical calculation value, and both values meet the requirement of the standard. The simulation result showed that the composite walls had better energy performance and had great potential utilization in residential buildings in different climate regions.
Effects of the Awareness-Driven Individual Resource Allocation on the Epidemic Dynamics
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Wang Ruijie , Yang Dan , Xian Jiajun , Li Qing
Published: October 2020

We investigate the effects of self-protection awareness on the spread of disease from the aspect of resource allocation behavior in populations. To this end, a resource-based epidemiological model and a self-awareness-based resource allocation model in complex networks are proposed, respectively. First of all, we study the coupled disease-awareness dynamics in complex networks with fixed degree heterogeneity. Through extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we find that overall the self-awareness inhibits the spread of disease. More importantly, the influence of the self-awareness on the spreading dynamics can be divided into three phases. In phase I, the self-awareness is relatively small and the outbreak of the epidemic can not be suppressed effectively. While, in phase II, the epidemic size is significantly reduced. Finally, in phase III, there is a sufficiently large value of self-awareness, the disease cannot outbreak anymore. Further, we study the impact of degree heterogeneity on the coupled disease-awareness dynamics and find that the network heterogeneity plays the role of “double-edged sword” in that it can either suppress or promote the epidemic spreading. Specifically, when the basic infection rate is relatively small, it promotes the spread of disease under the condition that there is a relatively small self-awareness. While, when the basic infection rate is relatively large, it inhibits the outbreak of epidemic at a relatively small self-awareness; in turn, it promotes the outbreak of epidemic at a relatively large self-awareness.
Investigation of Sandstone Mesostructure Damage Caused by Freeze‐Thaw Cycles via CT Image Enhancement Technology
Authors: Liu Hui , Yang Gengshe , Yun Yehui , Lin Jianghao , Ye Wanjun , Zhang Huimei , Zhang Yao
Published: October 2020

The mesostructures of rocks determine their macromechanical properties. These rock mesostructures may be altered by the freeze‐thaw cycles in cold regions. In this regard, this paper proposes a quantitative evaluation method based on computed tomography (CT) scanning technology for investigating the mesostructure and damage characteristics of sandstone subjected to freeze‐thaw conditions. CT scan images of two sandstones with different grain sizes were obtained after 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 freeze‐thaw cycles, using a high‐precision CT scanner. Based on the microphysical information contained in these CT images, pseudo‐color‐enhancement of the CT images of rocks subjected to freeze‐thaw cycles was realized. The use of such a pseudo‐color‐enhancement technique can improve the resolution of CT images. Thus, particle detachment, crack initiation, crack propagation, and increased porosity due to the volumetric expansion of water inside the rock could be detected and clearly observed. Furthermore, a numerical expression for the mesostructure and damage information contained in the pseudo‐color‐enhanced images is presented herein; this serves as a convenient method for quantitative analyses of sandstone damage under freeze‐thaw cycles. An analysis of the pseudo‐color‐enhanced images shows that, under freeze‐thaw cycles, damage propagation in sandstone originates from existing damage or defect sites. After the stages of crack (pore) formation, penetration, and propagation, the freeze‐thaw cycle‐induced damage increases gradually, while the effective bearing area of the rock decreases continuously. Herein, a schematic of a conceptual model for the freeze‐thaw cycle‐induced deterioration in sandstone mesostructures is presented. Damage propagation models for sandstones with two different grain sizes subjected to freeze‐thaw cycles were also developed. Based on the damage mechanics theory, a damage variable expressed in terms of the pore area was defined. Moreover, the relationship between this damage variable and the freeze‐thaw cycles was established.
Potential Use and Challenges of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment and Conservation in Game Lodges and Resorts in Kenya
Authors: Makopondo Richard O. B. , Rotich Laban K. , Kamau Cynthia G.
Published: October 2020

Constructed wetlands are cost-effective wastewater treatment alternatives that receive worldwide acceptance. For the Kenyan hospitality industry, in particular, constructed wetlands (CWs) provide opportunities for wastewater reuse and recovery of resources, as well as improvements in local environmental conditions. Hospitality establishments produce large volumes of wastewater that is sometimes discharged to the environment without being treated. This is not only harmful to communities living downstream of these rivers but also to the flora and fauna which are the main attraction for most who visit these lodges. This study used qualitative methods to collect and analyze published official government documents, peer-reviewed research articles, and professional reports including leading international and Kenyan case studies to explore how constructed wetlands can be effectively used in game lodges and resorts situated in arid and remote areas of Kenya. The study investigated wastewater management systems adopted by remote game lodges and resorts in Kenya and the potential role, as well as the challenges to adopting constructed wetland (CW) technology. The results indicated that hotels, game lodges, and resorts both internationally and locally are adopting different types of CWs including surface and subsurface flow as alternative nature-oriented wastewater management systems. The study identified opportunities in the use of CWs as a wastewater management and conservation strategy. The results suggest that there are potential challenges which include inadequate expertise and technical support; low volume of discharge during off-seasons; limited space or land; and the attitude of hospitality managers towards constructed wetlands. Based on these preliminary findings, one may conclude that game lodges, ecolodges, and resorts in remote areas are prime candidates for constructed wetland establishment. The study makes specific recommendations with implications for policy and practice to promote sustainable hospitality operations and environmental conservation. It is suggested that future studies test the efficacy and efficiency of CW technology as wastewater management systems in the Kenyan wilderness areas including national parks, game reserves, and forests.
African Vegetables (Clerodendrum volubile Leaf and Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extracts) Effectively Mitigate Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Olorundare Olufunke , Adeneye Adejuwon , Akinsola Akinyele , Soyemi Sunday , Mgbehoma Alban , Okoye Ikechukwu , Ntambi James M. , Mukhtar Hasan
Published: October 2020

Trastuzumab (TZM) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that has been approved for the clinical management of HER2-positive metastatic breast and gastric cancers but its use is limited by its cumulative dose and off-target cardiotoxicity. Unfortunately, till date, there is no approved antidote to this off-target toxicity. Therefore, an acute study was designed at investigating the protective potential and mechanism(s) of CVE and IGE in TZM-induced cardiotoxicity utilizing cardiac enzyme and oxidative stress markers and histopathological endpoints. 400 mg/kg/day CVE and IGE dissolved in 5% DMSO in sterile water were investigated in Wistar rats injected with 2.25 mg/kg/day/i.p. route of TZM for 7 days, using serum cTnI and LDH, complete lipid profile, cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers assays, and histopathological examination of TZM-intoxicated heart tissue. Results showed that 400 mg/kg/day CVE and IGE profoundly attenuated increases in the serum cTnI and LDH levels but caused no significant alterations in the serum lipids and weight gain pattern in the treated rats. CVE and IGE profoundly attenuated alterations in the cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers’ activities while improving TZM-associated cardiac histological lesions. These results suggest that CVE and IGE could be mediating its cardioprotection via antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and antithrombotic mechanisms, thus, highlighting the therapeutic potentials of CVE and IGE in the management of TZM-mediated cardiotoxicity.
Preparando el estallido social
Authors: Gutiérrez Francisca
Published: October 2020

El estallido social de octubre de 2019 sorprendió a muchos por su fuerza y su violencia. Sin embargo, como ha sido subrayado por varios analistas, la revuelta tenía antecedentes importantes que, si bien no predecían totalmente el alcance de esta movilización, demostraban el progresivo distanciamiento de la población respecto de las elites y su desencantamiento con el modelo de desarrollo actual. Continuar leyendo...
Promiscuous Structural Variants Drive Myeloma Initiation and Progression
Authors: Bergsagel P. Leif , Kuehl W. Michael
Published: October 2020

Summary: A comprehensive genomic analysis of structural variants in multiple myeloma in this issue highlights the key role of these events, involving primarily the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in disease initiation and the MYC locus in disease progression. However, the current study reveals the large number of genomic hotspots, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and recombination mechanisms that contribute to multiple myeloma heterogeneity.

See related article by Rustad et al., p. 258.
Spontaneous Regression of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sonbare Dhiraj J. , Bandi Rupal , Sharma Vivek , Cacciarelli Thomas , Shaikh Obaid S.
Published: October 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The tumor carries poor prognosis with curative therapeutic options limited to surgical resection, tumor ablation, and liver transplantation. Rarely, there is spontaneous regression of the tumor. We describe the case of a 74-year-old male with cirrhosis from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis who developed advanced HCC that was associated with tumor invasion of the portal vein and marked elevation of serum alfa-fetoprotein level. The patient received no cancer-specific therapy. However, 1 year after the initial diagnosis, he was noted to have complete regression of the tumor. In this report, we discuss possible mechanisms of spontaneous tumor regression and its therapeutic implications.
Acquired Pure Red Cell Aplasia Associated with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia: Too Many of One, Not Enough of the Other
Authors: Gonsalves Jose Filipe , Bazargan Ali , Ku Matthew
Published: October 2020

There is a growing body of literature outlining the association between certain hematological malignancies, such as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and systemic autoimmune diseases. Diagnosis and management can be difficult, particularly when autoimmune phenomena overlap with features of the underlying illness. This is especially the case in patients who develop immune-mediated cytopenias in the context of underlying bone marrow disease. CMML associated with immune thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia has been reported a number of times in the literature; however, there are only scattered case reports describing CMML associated with acquired pure red cell aplasia. Here, we describe the diagnostic and management approach to a patient who developed both diseases.
Microsatellite-Stable Radiation-Induced Angiosarcoma after Breast-Conserving Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Ishizuka Yumiko , Horimoto Yoshiya , Onagi Hiroko , Arakawa Atsushi , Saito Mitsue
Published: October 2020

Radiation-induced angiosarcoma (RIAS) after breast-conserving surgery is quite rare. Risk factors for RIAS have yet to be identified, due largely to the very low incidence of this disease. The etiologic mechanisms of RIAS are not understood, although some reports suggest that genome instability may contribute to RIAS development. An 81-year-old Japanese woman presented to our hospital after developing multiple dark purple nodules on her left breast. She had undergone breast-conserving surgery for left breast cancer and adjuvant radiotherapy for the conserved breast 9 years earlier. Punch biopsy of one of the dark purple nodules was performed and the pathological diagnosis was angiosarcoma. She underwent total mastectomy with an adequate margin, and skin collected from her left thigh was grafted onto the site. Pathologically, the surgical margin was negative. The tumor was negative for microsatellite instability (MSI). Considering her age, she has remained under careful observation with neither systemic treatment nor adjuvant radiation. The only standard therapy for RIAS currently available is complete resection. Hence, early detection is crucial to obtain an adequate margin, followed by careful observation after breast-conserving surgery. It is also essential to reveal the tumor etiology, and for that purpose, we believe that the MSI status may be beneficial for the further investigation of RIAS.