bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy Analysis on Nursing of Female Pelvic Floor Reconstruction Operation in Perioperative Period
Authors: Peng Ailing , Zhang Yuling
Published: January 2016

Objective: This paper is to observe and discuss the best nursing procedure and measure of pelvic floor reconstruction. Method: Retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 16 cases pelvic organ prolapse patients who have been admitted in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Fifth People’s Hospital of Ningxia from January 2013 to May 2015, and implement measures of preoperative and postoperative nursing. Results: 16 cases patients are recovered well after operation with no complications. Conclusion: Effective nursing measurement is the key to reduce postoperative complications and increase achievement ratio of operation.
Diagnosis and Treatment Experience of 68 Cases on Pediatric Acute Intussusception
Authors: Huang Yongxing
Published: January 2016

Objective: To provide reference for the accurate clinical diagnosis and successful treatment by analyzing the clinical experience of pediatric acute intussusception. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 68 cases of pediatric acute intussusception in the hospital between January 2007 and December 2014. Results: For the 68 cases of pediatric acute intussusception, first diagnosis as acute intussusception in 49 cases (72.1%), first diagnosis as enteritis or bacillary dysentery in 16 cases (23.5%), 3 cases of unknown diagnosis (4.4%). All patients in 68 cases were treated for air enema reduction, of which 35 cases were successful (success rate is 51.5%), 33 cases were successful in operative reduction (success rate is 48.5%). Conclusion: Clinicians should improve the understanding of pediatric acute intussusception, diagnose as early as possible, take timely air enema or surgical reduction; the probability of success of air enema reduction and surgical reduction were both high; improve the life environment and hygiene situations, the enhancement of life quality to an extent can reduce the occurrence of pediatric acute intussusception.
Analysis of the Application Effect of the Nursing Quality Control System in Hospital Nursing
Authors: Wu Meiyu
Published: January 2016

Nursing quality is one of the important parts of the hospital service level as high-quality nursing can not only improve the hospital service level, but also promote the hospital image and perfect the relationship between doctors and patients. Nursing quality control system is a set of standard system which is set up to guarantee the nursing quality because the scientific nursing control system can shorten managing practice, improve the effect of nursing, and lower the operating costs for hospitals as well. Aiming at the problems existing in the modern nursing control system in China, the paper makes an analysis and a summary so as to perfect the nursing quality control system in our country and improve the nursing level by way of standardizing managing, setting up a scientific supervision system and perfecting the nursing team.
Developing a decision support enabled enterprise risk control framework for energy companies in India
Authors: Gupta Neeraj
Published: January 2016

There is no assurance that an organiation will achieve their business goals as various factors which may be internal or external determines the success. Most of the time enterprise risk management is seen as compliance requirement. The root cause analysis reports of some the recent disasters in energy industry also point towards this by stating that risk control failure is one of the primary reason. It means companies energy companies spend significant time on developing risk registers and governance framework but lack a robust day to day monitoring and integrated reporting & alerts framework. The ultimate objective of any risk control framework is to eliminate or reducethe likelihood of a triggering event, avoid black swans and monitor key risk indices in real time to avoid surprises. This paper looks at the energy companies operating in India for some of the key reasons for not having an enterprise wide risk control & monitoring framework and provides a methodology on how it can be developed.
Edukacyjny wymiar Programu Odnowa Wsi na przykładzie gminy Nowosolna województwa łódzkiego
Authors: Jeziorska-Biel Pamela
Published: January 2016

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja edukacyjnych aspektów realizacji programu Odnowa Wsi na przykładzie projektu zrealizowanego w gminie Nowosolna w województwie łódzkim (budowa świetlicy środowiskowej we wsi Byszewy) w ramach Sektorowego Programu Operacyjnego „Restrukturyzacja i modernizacja sektora żywnościowego na lata 2004–2006” oraz doświadczeń województwa opolskiego. Edukacja w Odnowie Wsi może, zdaniem autorki, przejawiać się w dwóch głównych aspektach. Przeprowadzone badania naukowe na terenie gminy Nowosolna pozwalają na ich dostrzeżenie i identyfikację.
Ethnic Identity and Implicit Anti-fat Bias: Similarities and Differences between African American and Caucasian Women
Authors: Hart Erica A. , Sbrocco Tracy , Carter Michele M.
Published: January 2016

Research using self-report or explicit measures of body image suggests African American women have a more accepting view of larger figures than non-Hispanic White (NHW) women.  However, increasing research indicates that explicit views may vary from those held at a deeper, implicit level.

Our study examined whether African American women held an implicit negative bias toward overweight/fat individuals, despite a greater explicit acceptance of larger body size. Additionally, ethnic identity was measured to assess if strength of identity relates to bias. Anti-fat bias was compared within and between ethnic groups using an Implicit Association Test (IAT), which measures the strength of automatic associations between two concepts.  This online IAT measured spontaneous thoughts about figures of various body weights (underweight, overweight, obese) and positive and negative terms (eg, attractive and unattractive or healthy and unhealthy). 

A pervasive anti-fat bias was found in African American as well as NHW women. For both groups this bias was related to ethnic identity when thinking about figure size and health. Specifically, African American women with lower ethnic identity were more negatively biased and NHW women with higher ethnic identity were more negatively biased. 

Findings from this study indicate that implicitly there are few differences in the way these two ethnicities classify heavy figures, and therefore African Americans may not be immune to weight stigma.  Given the prevalence of obesity and the lack of research on weight stigma among African American women, there is need to address this issue and its impact on well-being. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):69-76; doi:10.18865/ed.26.1.69
Cytological Study of Palpable Breast Lumps with their Histological Correlation
Authors: Bhagat R. , Bal M. S. , Bodal V. K. , Suri A. K. , Jindal K.
Published: January 2016

Background:FNAC is an inexpensive and highly accurate means of diagnosing both benign and malignant breast lesions. The procedure provides a rapid and non-morbid diagnosis before the operation which enables the patient and the surgeon to discuss and plan therapeutic alternatives in a rational atmosphere.
Objectives: To evaluate role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of breast lesions and to compare the cytological findings with the histopathology wherever possible. In addition the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNAC in breast lesions are carried out.

Material and Methods: The present study was carried out on 200 patients who presented with palpable lump in the breast in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Patiala over a period of 2 years. Cytological Diagnosis was correlated with histological findings wherever possible.

Results: Cytologically, the lesions were categorized into 4 major categories, benign 143 (71.5%), malignant 37 (18.5%), suspicious or atypical 10 (5%) and unsatisfactory 10 (5%). Out of these 200 cases, 85 cases (42.5%) were available for histopathological examination. The most common benign lesion in this study was fibroadenoma 23/52 (44.2%) and the most common malignant lesion was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (28/33) Diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for benign lesion was 94.2% while for malignant lesion, it was 96.7%. The sensitivity, specificity and overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC came out to be 93.7%, 98.1% and 96.4% respectively.

Conclusion: FNAC is a simple and reliable method for diagnosis of both benign and malignant lesions quite accurately thus reducing unnecessary surgeries. The present study proved that the procedure has high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy. Though it cannot categorize the lesion in some cases but it can rule out malignancy in most of the cases. Considering its low cost and quick results, it can be a potential tool for screening of breast cancers.
A Client-Focused Practice: Developing and Testing Emotional Competency in Clinical Legal Interviews
Authors: Wardhaugh Felicity , James Colin
Published: January 2016

Law students learn interviewing skills as part of their clinical legal education. Teaching this skill to students involves helping students relate to clients. Recent suggestions for teaching students have included adopting a client centred approach to legal interviewing. Similarly, in the face of growing concerns about the adversarial culture of lawyers there have been calls for lawyers to develop relationship-centred competencies.

Typically, law students attending law schools are in their early twenties and, in terms of experience and developmental capacities, many may not be at a stage where thinking about the client comes naturally. Students interviewing clients tend to ignore visual or spoken clues from the client. A law student, observed by one of the authors, recently demonstrated this tendency whilst interviewing a client at the University of Newcastle Legal Centre (UNLC). The client’s gaunt physical appearance made it clear that the client was unwell. The student took instructions for a Will without asking any questions about the client’s motivation for seeking legal help. It later transpired that the client needed advice about a terminal illness claim.

If law students can learn how to improve their emotional competency whilst interviewing a client, they may relate better to clients in a clinical legal setting and be able to obtain more relevant information. We have found no recent research in the discourse on clinical legal education as to whether training in emotional intelligence can improve law students’ performance in a client interview. At the University of Newcastle we have designed a research project to test whether training students in emotional competence (applied Emotional Intelligence) can produce a measurable change in the client’s experience of a legal interview.

One of the major challenges in researching this question is the lack of guidance in the literature as to how best to train law students for emotional competence. Many publications have focused on the validity or measurement of emotional intelligence and less on the functional aspect of how to increase emotional competencies. Part of the research project therefore involves designing a training program to assist clinical law students to develop emotional competencies.

This paper is in two parts. The first part discusses the background to the research and some preliminary findings from stage one of the research. The second part discusses a proposed outline for the training program.
Acculturation and Diabetes Risk in the Mexican American Mano a Mano Cohort
Authors: Anderson Chelsea , Zhao Hua , Daniel Carrie R. , Hromi-Fiedler Amber , Dong Qiong , Elhor Gbito Kplola Y. , Wu Xifeng , Chow Wong-Ho
Published: January 2016

Objectives. To investigate the association between acculturation and diabetes risk in the Mexican American Mano a Mano (hand to hand) Cohort.

Methods. We recruited 15 975 men and women in the Houston, Texas, area from 2001 to 2014. We used language use, birth country, and duration of US residence (among Mexico-born) to assess acculturation. Participants self-reported a physician’s diagnosis of diabetes during annual follow-up over an average of 5.4 (range = 1–13) years. Self-reported diabetes status was validated in medical records for a subset of 235 participants with 98% agreement.

Results. Diabetes risk was higher among immigrants with 15 to 19, 20 to 24, and 25 or more years (relative risk = 1.47; 95% confidence interval = 1.07, 2.01) of US residence, relative to those with less than 5 years. Neither language acculturation nor birth country was significantly associated with diabetes risk.

Conclusions. Among participants born in Mexico, diabetes risk increased with longer duration of US residence.
Integrated Economic Model for Evaluation and Optimization of Cyclic-Steam-Stimulation Projects
Authors: Frenette C. T. , Saeedi M.. , Henke J. L.
Published: January 2016

Introduction

The development of a hydrocarbon resource should be planned to maximize the net present value (NPV) of the project, subject to any imposed constraints. Maximizing the NPV of a thermal heavy-oil project can be complex because of the interplay of individual-well production and injection profiles with field-level production and injection constraints imposed by a central processing facility (CPF). In addition, for thermal heavy-oil-recovery methods such as cyclic-steam stimulation (CSS), the scheduling of the production, soak, and injection cycles of the wells has a significant impact on the overall project NPV.

This study presents the results of a novel study to maximize the NPV of a greenfield CSS project by incorporating a newly developed analytical horizontal CSS model coupled to a field-production aggregation and scheduling model, which was in turn coupled to an economic-evaluation model. The close integration of these models allowed for the optimization of input parameters to be achieved simultaneously across all three models to maximize the NPV of the entire project. The integrated model work flow and the resulting optimized case will be summarized and discussed in detail.

The significance of the work flow developed in this study is that it demonstrates that the key design parameters (such as the CPF capacity and schedule) of a thermal heavy-oil-exploitation scheme can be calculated and optimized on the basis of the economics of the entire project by use of an integrated model.
Copper-spent activated carbon as a heterogeneous peroxydisulfate catalyst for the degradation of Acid Orange 7 in an electrochemical reactor
Authors: Li Jing , Lin Heng , Yang Lin , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2016

The exhausted activated carbon generated from the adsorption of heavy metal wastewater needs further treatment/disposal. In this study, a new application of copper-spent activated carbon (Cu-AC) was proposed. Cu-AC was used to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for the decolorization of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) and electrical current was introduced to enhance the process. The decolorization followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic pattern well (R2 > 0.95). 92.4% of color removal at 60 min and 38.3% of total organic carbon removal at 180 min were achieved when initial pH value was 9.0, current density was 16 mA/cm2, PDS concentration was 5 mM and Cu-AC dosage was 0.25 g/L. The radical scavengers including methanol, tert-butanol and phenol, as well as electron paramagnetic resonance test, were employed to investigate the oxidizing species responsible for AO7 decolorization. The stability of Cu-AC was confirmed by three recycle experiments.
Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Multi-Component Non- Stationary Signals using Fourier Bessel series and Time-Varying Auto Regressive Model
Authors: Reddy G. Ravi Shankar , Rao Rameshwar
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we propose a novel technique for Instantaneous Frequency (IF) estimation of multi component non stationary signals using Fourier Bessel Series and Time- Varying Auto Regressive (FB-TVAR) model. In the proposed technique, the Fourier-Bessel (FB) expansion decomposes the multi-component non stationary signal into a number of monocomponent signals and TVAR model is used to model each mono-component signal. In TVAR modeling approach the time varying parameters are expanded as a linear combination of basis functions. In this paper, the TVAR parameters are expanded by a discrete cosine basis functions. The maximum likelihood estimation algorithm for model order selection in TVAR models is also discussed. The Instantaneous Frequency (IF) is extracted from the time-varying parameters by calculating the angles of the estimation error filter polynomial roots. The estimation of the TVAR parameters of a multicomponent signal requires the inversion of a large covariance matrix, while the projected technique (FB-TVAR) requires the inversion of a number of comparatively small covariance matrices with better numerical stability properties. Simulation results are presented for Multi component discrete Amplitude and Frequency modulated (AM-FM) signal
Problems Faced by Elderly According to Gender in Rural Areas of Chittoor District
Authors: Hemavathi U. , Swaroopa Rani B.
Published: January 2016

Ageing is natural process spanning the life period from conception through birth,infancy, childhood, adolescenceand old age. In India aged people faced mainly three type’s problems those are physical/Health problems, financial problems and Socio-psychological problems. The present study was undertaken to know the problems faced by elderly living in rural areas of Mannarupalli (village). The sample consists of sixty (60) Elderly. People (30) Male and (30) Female.The sample was selected in three categories 60-70, 70-80, 80 and above. Purposive random sampling technique was used to select the sample, I have used interview schedule developed koala reedy (1990) was used to collect the information the statistical analysis used for percentage and frequencies were calculated. Results revealed from the study were majority of the elderly were facing physical problems and psychological problems than social problems .where as men are facing more physical and economic problems than women. Women were facing more psychological problems than men. Regarding social problem both the men and women are facing equally.Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-3, issue-1: 65-67
Biocultural Dynamics of Teenage Pregnancies in Ethiopia: Medico Anthropological Appraisal
Authors: Pati Rabindra Nath , Tekie Selemawit
Published: January 2016

Teenage pregnancy is a burning public health and demographic problem in Ethiopia.The adolescent girls of rural regions in Ethiopia account for alarming higher proportion of teenage pregnancies and contribute serious threats to health and development interventions by the Government.Teenage pregnancies and adolescent reproductive health hazards are burning global issues which have obstructed effective implementation of agenda of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The UNICEF estimates that 80 per cent of teenage pregnancies are reported in least developed countries of the world.The multiple socio-cultural factors such as lack of parental control and guidance, gender inequality, poverty, social exclusion, peer pressure, adoption of transactional and intergenerational sex by unemployed adolescent girls in poor homes as coping mechanism, gender based sexual assault prevailing in and around schools have stimulated increased teenage pregnancies in rural regions of Ethiopia.This paper based on review of research articles and research synthesis argues that teenage pregnancies is a national concern of Ethiopia preventing a significant section of adolescent girls availing access to preparedness for adulthood, exercising reproductive rights, opportunities for skill development, education, safe sex and reproductive health.This paper is an attempt to develop framework of research hypothesis and research questions to be adopted for further research on this thematic area.In rural regions of Ethiopia, increased number of women headed families coupled with rising poverty; unemployment and family disorganization breed sexual exploitation of adolescent girls exposing them to high risk sexual transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS.The growing teenage pregnancies in the country have drastically affected achievement of agenda in Millennium Development Goals (MGDs) in term of reduction of maternal death by 75 percent by 2015.The health inequalities is a major contributing factor to deprive women of equal opportunity and availing access to reach her health potential irrespective of social status, ethnicity, gender, religion and economic status.The socio-economic conditions of family and community in rural regions of Ethiopia contribute to increasing teenage pregnancies and adolescent motherhood.These factors are inadequate opportunity in community level for positive youth development, illiteracy, poverty and limited employment opportunities.The study recommends for a comprehensive community driven approach promoting childhood interventions and adolescent development programme towards minimizing unintended teenage pregnancy and gender discrimination prevailing in rural and urban region of Ethiopia.Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-3, issue-1: 68-77
Double-Hydrophilic Block Copolymer as an Environmentally Friendly Inhibitor for Calcium Sulfate Dehydrate (Gypsum) Scale in Cooling Water Systems
Authors: She Chenguang , Zhou Yuming , Hou Jin , Yao Qingzhao , Li Ning , Ma Shuaishuai , Cai Zhilan , Liang Shuang , Wang Zhuang , Zhu Daibao , Liu Yanmei , Liu Guangqing
Published: January 2016

In this study, a novel environmentally friendly copolymer acrylic acid-itaconic acid-allylpolyethoxy maleic carboxylate was synthesized and used for inhibiting the calcium sulfate dehydrate (gypsum) scale. The properties of the synthesized copolymer were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis. Also, the structure and morphology changes of scale crystals were studied by scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The copolymer inhibition ability was evaluated by means of static scale inhibition experiments. Results show that the copolymer was effective in inhibiting the scales by changing the size and morphology of the crystals. The maximum inhibition efficiency was 99.8% at a concentration of 2 mg · L–
1, far more efficient than most commercial inhibitors.
Predictive shelf life model based on RF technology for improving the management of food supply chain: A case study
Authors: La Scalia Giada , Settanni Luca , Micale Rosa , Enea Mario
Published: January 2016

The aim of this paper was the development of a Smart Logistic Unit (SLU) based on RF technology to support the management of the food supply chain, in order to guarantee the shelf life of products in agreement with logistic efficiency and system sustainability. For this purpose, the main parameters that influence the quality of perishable products were determined and a shelf life equation based on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) was modelled. The levels of VOCs were gathered by the sensors allocated inside the SLU, which configures as the remote element of a system for identification and data transmission. The proposed model was then validated through an experimental test, simulating the real life transport conditions.
Physical examination of the female cancer patient with sexual concerns: What oncologists and patients should expect from consultation with a specialist
Authors: Lindau Stacy Tessler , Abramsohn Emily M. , Baron Shirley R. , Florendo Judith , Haefner Hope K. , Jhingran Anuja , Kennedy Vanessa , Krane Mukta K. , Kushner David M. , McComb Jennifer , Merritt Diane F. , Park Julie E. , Siston Amy , Straub Margaret , Streicher Lauren
Published: January 2016

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE

Sexual concerns are prevalent in women with cancer or cancer history and are a factor in patient decision making about cancer treatment and risk‐reduction options. Physical examination of the female cancer patient with sexual concerns, regardless of the type or site of her cancer, is an essential and early component of a comprehensive evaluation and effective treatment plan. Specialized practices are emerging that focus specifically on evaluation and treatment of women with cancer and sexual function problems. As part of a specialized evaluation, oncologists and their patients should expect a thorough physical examination to identify or rule out physical causes of sexual problems or dysfunction. This review provides oncology professionals with a description of the physical examination of the female cancer patient with sexual function concerns. This description aims to inform anticipatory guidance for the patient and to assist in interpreting specialists' findings and recommendations. In centers or regions where specialized care is not yet available, this review can also be used by oncology practices to educate and support health care providers interested in expanding their practices to treat women with cancer and sexual function concerns. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:241‐263. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Proximate composition of para-grass (Brachiaria mutica) produced in integrated fish-fodder culture system
Authors: Alam MR , Haque MM , Sumi KR , Ali MM
Published: January 2016

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Pangasius pond sediment on the nutrient uptake by para-grass (Brachiaria mutica) during the period from March to October, 2011 in a Pangasius farm, Dhanikhola, Trishal, Mymensingh. Initially soil chemistry of Pangasius pond sediment and para-grass producing virgin soil was analyzed at the laboratory. The fodder was cultivated at various level of inorganic fertilizer with Pangasius pond sediment having three replications in each treatment. The size of each replication was 25 m2 (5m×5m). The fodder was harvested at the pre-flowering stage (45 days after transplantation). After first cutting, experimental plot was irrigated, and again after 45 days of first cutting second cutting was done. After proper collection and preparation the para-grass samples and rice straw, their proximate composition analysis was done. The nutrient content of para-grass was also compared with rice-straw being used as dairy feed. The analytical results indicated that the nutrients content of Pangasius pond sediment was higher than the virgin soil which was the stimulating factor for para-grass growth and production. The basic nutrients such as crude lipid and protein content of para-grass were found increasing from first to second sampling. However, crude lipid and protein of para-grass at second sampling was found much higher than those of rice straw. Application of Pangasius pond sediment as alternative source of fertilizer enriched nutrient content of para-grass much higher than those of rice straw. Therefore, it could be argued that higher level of lipid and protein content of para-grass is the stimulating factor to dairy cattle production under integrated aquaculturefodder grass production using Pangasius pond sediment.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44(2): 113-119
Preparation of dahi from buffalo milk and blends with soy milk
Authors: Islam MN , Hossain MS , Rashid MH , Siddiki MSR , Khan MS , Parvin F
Published: January 2016

The present study was conducted to measure the feasibility of using soy milk as a supplement for the preparation of dahi from buffalo milk. In this experiment, four different types of dahi were prepared by partial replacement of buffalo milk with soy milk named A (control-100% Buffalo Milk), B (75% Buffalo Milk + 25% Soy Milk), C (50% Buffalo Milk +50% Soy Milk) and D (25% Buffalo Milk + 75% Soy Milk).The prepared samples were judged by a panel of expert judges for organoleptic qualities and analyzed for chemical tests. From the results of physical study, it was found that the overall organoleptic (viz. smell and taste, body and texture, color and appearance) score of A, B, C and D types dahi varied significantly (P<0.01). From the results of the chemical test, the moisture and protein content increased significantly (P<0.05), while fat, acidity, total solids and mineral contents significantly decreased due to addition of soy milk. From the findings of this work, it was concluded that 25% replacement of buffalo milk with soy milk could be used successfully which would produce dahi nearly similar to the quality of that made exclusively from buffalo milk.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44 (3):137-142
Effect of feeding ca-salts of fatty acids on fatty acids composition in milk
Authors: Sarker NR , Huque KS , Islam H , Das NG
Published: January 2016

A study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Calcium Salt of Fatty Acid on the fatty acids composition of milk fed green German grass and concentrate diet. Twenty lactating Pabna cows having similar daily milk yield (3.4±0.842 Kg) were used and divided into four groups with five animals in each group. The study revealed that saturated fatty acids of milk fat were 61.12, 57.83, 54.93, and 54.56% and unsaturated fatty acids of milk fat were 38.36, 42.22, 45.22 and 45.5 38 % in treatment groups T0 (without Calcium Salt of Fatty Acid), T1 (2.0 % Calcium Salt of Fatty Acid), T2 (2.5 % Calcium Salt of Fatty Acid) and T3 (3.0 % Calcium Salt of Fatty Acid), respectively. The highest unsaturated fatty acid was found in T3 treatment and the lowest in T0 treatment. There is no significant difference between T2 and T3 treatments in relation to unsaturated fatty acids. The palmetic acid content in milk fat were 25.47, 27.22, 26.22 and 26.22% in T0 , T1 , T2 and T3 respectively. The highest palmetic acid found in T2 treatment and the lowest in T0 treatment. The stearic acid content in milk fat were 22.98, 15.78, 13.74 and 13.68% in T0 , T1 , T2 and T3 respectively. The study showed that there is a significant (p<0.01) difference in the treatments for stearic acid content in milk fat. The linoleic acid content in milk fat were 1.57, 1.64, 1.73 and 1.94 % in treatment groups T0 , T1 , T2 and T3 respectively. It may be concluded that the feeding Ca-Salts of Fatty Acids increased unsaturation of milk fat, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid and decrease saturation and stearic acid content in milk fat.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 10-17, Jan-Dec 2012
Effect of season, genotype and lactation on milk yield and composition of local and crossbred dairy cows reared under different feed base region
Authors: Baset MA , Huque KS , Sarker NR , Hossain MM , Islam MN
Published: January 2016

A total of 160 cows, 10 cows in each of native (local cow) and crossbred (local × Holstein Friesian) origins differing in lactation were used in 2×2×2×2 factorial experiment using Randomized Block Design (RBD) to evaluate milk yield and composition of cows considering regions (good & poor feed base region), seasons (dry: Nov.Feb. 2009 & wet: Jun.Oct. 2009), genotypes and lactation. A good and/or poor feed base region was classified based on the availability of quantity and quality roughages throughout the year. The study revealed that the daily milk yield and 4% FCM of cows under good feed base condition were 6.76 and 6.49 kg, respectively and under poor feed base condition were 3.67 and 3.31 kg, respectively. Feed base region did not affect on milk fat and it was observed that the milk protein, lactose, solids-not-fat (SNF), minerals and total solids under good feed base condition were 37.9, 54.9, 100.9, 6.3 and 140.6 g/kg, respectively, whereas, under poor feed base condition the values were 36.3, 52.9, 98.0, 6.1 and 135.2 g/kg, respectively. Season did not affect milk yield and composition except minerals (6.5 g/kg vs. 5.9 g/kg). Genotypes significantly (p?0.01) influenced daily milk yield, the milk protein and minerals. Lactation did not affect milk yield and the milk protein, but influenced the fat, lactose, SNF, minerals and total solids. The interaction of feed base regions and seasons significantly (p?0.01) influenced milk yield and the milk fat and SNF. The milk protein and lactose was influenced by the interaction of feed bases region, seasons and lactation. Milk yield negatively correlated with fat per cent. The percentage of fat significantly (p?0.01) correlated with protein, lactose, SNF, and minerals %. The percentage protein correlated with lactose, SNF and minerals. Lactose % significantly (p?0.01) correlated with SNF%. It may be concluded that milk yield and composition depends on feed base region, genotype and lactation of cows. Season did not influence milk yield and the composition. Milk yield negatively correlated with the percentage of fat, protein, lactose, SNF and milk composition strongly correlated with each other.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 50-65, Jan-Dec 2012
Alloimperatorin and its epoxide derivative exhibit in vitro antitumor activity in HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia cancer cells via inducing apoptosis, cell cycle disruption and inhibition of cell migration
Authors: Li Hong , Chao Xu , He Chun-Ling , Wang Xin-Mei , Liang Man , Dong Chang-Hu
Published: January 2016

The aim of the present study was to synthesize epoxide derivative of alloimperatorin and evaluating its antitumor and apoptotic effects in acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. The cytotoxic effects were demonstrated by MTT assay. Fluorescence microscopy along with flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the effect of alloimperatorin epoxide on apoptosis and cell cycle. In vitro wound healing assay was performed to study compound’s effect on cancer cell migration. The results indicated that alloimperatorin epoxide (IC50 = 32.1 µM) was much more effective in inhibiting HL-60 cancer cell growth as compared to alloimperatorin (IC50 = 128 µM). Further, alloimperatorin epoxide induced apoptosis related morphological alterations in HL-60 cells including blebbing of plasma membrane, DNA fragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies. Alloimperatorin epoxide also led to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and suppressed HL-60 cancer cell migration indicating that this compound may be a promising candidate for the treatment of cancer metastasis.

 
Real Images Flow: Mullā Sadrā Meets Film-Philosophy
Authors: Marks Laura U.
Published: January 2016

The eastern Islamic concept of the imaginal realm, which explains how supra-sensory realities present themselves to imaginative perception, can enrich the imagination of film-philosophy. The imaginal realm, in Arabic ‘alam al-mithal, world of images, or ‘alam al-khayal, imaginative world, is part of a triadic ontology of sensible, imaginal, and intelligible realms. Diverging from roots shared with Western thought in the concept of the imaginative faculty, the Islamic imaginal realm is supra-individual and more real than matter. The imaginal realm is a radically pro-image concept, affirming the importance of poetry, art, and images in motion. As developed by the Persian philosopher Sadr al-Dîn Muhammad al-Shîrâzî, known as Mullâ Sadrâ (1571–1640), the imaginal realm flows and intensifies, in a process philosophy we may fruitfully compare with Spinoza, Leibniz, and Whitehead. I sketch the genealogy of the imaginal realm and compare it to contemporary Western film-philosophy. I suggest how this transcendental concept can be made immanent. Finally, I draw from contemporary Muslim thinkers, such as Mohammed Arkoun, who ground a visionary collective politics in the imaginal realm. My central example, the documentary The Lebanese Rocket Society (2012) by Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joriege, exemplifies film's imaginal powers.
The Filmmaker as Metallurgist: Political Cinema and World Memory
Authors: Pisters Patricia
Published: January 2016

Compared to earlier waves of political cinema, such as the Russian revolution films of the 1920s and the militant Third Cinema movement in the 1960s, in today's globalized and digital media world filmmakers have adopted different strategies to express a commitment to politics. Rather than directly calling for a revolution, ‘post-cinema’ filmmakers with a political mission point to the radical contingencies of history; they return to the (audio-visual) archives and dig up never seen or forgotten materials. They reassemble stories, thoughts, and affects, bending our memories and historical consciousness. Following Deleuze and Guattari's geophilosophical ideas in A Thousand Plateaus filmmakers can be considered metallurgists. Discussing the work of Tariq Teguia, John Akomfrah and others, this article investigates several metallurgic strategies that have a performative effect in reshaping our collective memory and co-constructing the possibility of ‘a people to come.’
Translation, Cultural Translation and the Hegemonic English
Authors: Horak Roman
Published: January 2016

This brief chapter problematizes the hegemonic position of the English language in Cultural Studies, which, in the author’s view, can be understood as a moment that stands against a true internationalisation of the project. Following an argument referring to the necessary ‘translation’ process (here seen as ‘re-articulation’, ‘transcoding’ or ‘transculturation’) Stuart Hall has put forward almost two decades ago, the essay, firstly, turns to the notion of ‘linguistic translations’, and deals, secondly, with what has been coined ‘cultural translation’. Discussing approaches developed by Walter Benjamin, Umberto Eco and Homi Bhabha, the complex relationship between the two terms is being investigated. Finally, in a modest attempt to throw some light on this hegemonic structure, central aspects of the output of three important journals (European Journal of Cultural Studies, International Journal of Cultural Studies, Cultural Studies), i. e. an analysis of the linguistic and institutional backgrounds of the authors of the ten most-read and most-cited essays, are presented. Based on these findings I argue that it is not simply the addition of the discsive field (language) to the academic space (institution) that defines the mechanism of exclusion and inclusion. Rather, it is the articulation of both moments, i.e. that of language and that of the institution, which – in various contexts (but in their own very definite ways) – can help to develop that structure which at present is still hindering a further, more profound internationalisation of the project that is Cultural Studies.
Time-Reversibility in Atmospheric Dispersion
Authors: Haszpra Tímea
Published: January 2016

Due to the chaotic nature of atmospheric dispersion, small deviations, e.g., numerical errors in dispersion simulations, increase rapidly over time. Therefore, the accuracy of backward simulations is limited. In the paper, the degree of the fulfillment of time-reversibility over different time periods is investigated by a Lagrangian dispersion model at a global scale using pollutant clouds consisting of a large number of particles. The characteristics of the pollutant clouds in the backward simulation are compared to those in the forward simulation. In order to characterize the degree of time-reversibility, Lagrangian quantities, such as the fraction of particles that return to the initial volume, the center of mass and the standard deviation of the pollutant clouds, are determined. Furthermore, the overlap and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the forward and backward clouds are also investigated. Both a case study and global results are presented. Simulations reveal that the accuracy of time-reversibility decreases in general exponentially in time. We find that after the Lyapunov time of the dispersion (in our case three to four days), the results of the backward tracking become unreliable, and any sign of time-reversibility is lost.
MHC and Evolution in Teleosts
Authors: Grimholt Unni
Published: January 2016

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are key players in initiating immune responses towards invading pathogens. Both MHC class I and class II genes are present in teleosts, and, using phylogenetic clustering, sequences from both classes have been classified into various lineages. The polymorphic and classical MHC class I and class II gene sequences belong to the U and A lineages, respectively. The remaining class I and class II lineages contain nonclassical gene sequences that, despite their non-orthologous nature, may still hold functions similar to their mammalian nonclassical counterparts. However, the fact that several of these nonclassical lineages are only present in some teleost species is puzzling and questions their functional importance. The number of genes within each lineage greatly varies between teleost species. At least some gene expansions seem reasonable, such as the huge MHC class I expansion in Atlantic cod that most likely compensates for the lack of MHC class II and CD4. The evolutionary trigger for similar MHC class I expansions in tilapia, for example, which has a functional MHC class II, is not so apparent. Future studies will provide us with a more detailed understanding in particular of nonclassical MHC gene functions.
Predicting Traffic Flow in Local Area Networks by the Largest Lyapunov Exponent
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Jiazhong
Published: January 2016

The dynamics of network traffic are complex and nonlinear, and chaotic behaviors and their prediction, which play an important role in local area networks (LANs), are studied in detail, using the largest Lyapunov exponent. With the introduction of phase space reconstruction based on the time sequence, the high-dimensional traffic is projected onto the low dimension reconstructed phase space, and a reduced dynamic system is obtained from the dynamic system viewpoint. Then, a numerical method for computing the largest Lyapunov exponent of the low-dimensional dynamic system is presented. Further, the longest predictable time, which is related to chaotic behaviors in the system, is studied using the largest Lyapunov exponent, and the Wolf method is used to predict the evolution of the traffic in a local area network by both Dot and Interval predictions, and a reliable result is obtained by the presented method. As the conclusion, the results show that the largest Lyapunov exponent can be used to describe the sensitivity of the trajectory in the reconstructed phase space to the initial values. Moreover, Dot Prediction can effectively predict the flow burst. The numerical simulation also shows that the presented method is feasible and efficient for predicting the complex dynamic behaviors in LAN traffic, especially for congestion and attack in networks, which are the main two complex phenomena behaving as chaos in networks.
Measure of Uncertainty in Process Models Using Stochastic Petri Nets and Shannon Entropy
Authors: Ibl Martin , Čapek Jan
Published: January 2016

When modelling and analysing business processes, the main emphasis is usually put on model validity and accuracy, i.e., the model meets the formal specification and also models the relevant system. In recent years, a series of metrics has begun to develop, which allows the quantification of the specific properties of process models. These characteristics are, for instance, complexity, comprehensibility, cohesion, and uncertainty. This work is focused on defining a method that allows us to measure the uncertainty of a process model, which was modelled by using stochastic Petri nets (SPN). The principle of this method consists of mapping of all reachable marking of SPN into the continuous-time Markov chain and then calculating its stationary probabilities. The uncertainty is then measured as the entropy of the Markov chain (it is possible to calculate the uncertainty of the specific subset of places as well as of whole net). Alternatively, the uncertainty index is quantified as a percentage of the calculated entropy against maximum entropy (the resulting value is normalized to the interval <0,1>). The calculated entropy can also be used as a measure of the model complexity.
A Carbon Price Forecasting Model Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Spiking Neural Networks
Authors: Sun Guoqiang , Chen Tong , Wei Zhinong , Sun Yonghui , Zang Haixiang , Chen Sheng
Published: January 2016

Accurate forecasting of carbon price is important and fundamental for anticipating the changing trends of the energy market, and, thus, to provide a valid reference for establishing power industry policy. However, carbon price forecasting is complicated owing to the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of carbon prices. In this paper, a combined forecasting model based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and spiking neural networks (SNNs) is proposed. An original carbon price series is firstly decomposed into a series of relatively stable components through VMD to simplify the interference and coupling across characteristic information of different scales in the data. Then, a SNN forecasting model is built for each component, and the partial autocorrelation function (PACF) is used to determine the input variables for each SNN model. The final forecasting result for the original carbon price can be obtained by aggregating the forecasting results of all the components. Actual InterContinental Exchange (ICE) carbon price data is used for simulation, and comprehensive evaluation criteria are proposed for quantitative error evaluation. Simulation results and analysis suggest that the proposed VMD-SNN forecasting model outperforms conventional models in terms of forecasting accuracy and reliability.
A Hierarchical Approach Using Machine Learning Methods in Solar Photovoltaic Energy Production Forecasting
Authors: Li Zhaoxuan , Rahman SM , Vega Rolando , Dong Bing
Published: January 2016

We evaluate and compare two common methods, artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector regression (SVR), for predicting energy productions from a solar photovoltaic (PV) system in Florida 15 min, 1 h and 24 h ahead of time. A hierarchical approach is proposed based on the machine learning algorithms tested. The production data used in this work corresponds to 15 min averaged power measurements collected from 2014. The accuracy of the model is determined using computing error statistics such as mean bias error (MBE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), relative MBE (rMBE), mean percentage error (MPE) and relative RMSE (rRMSE). This work provides findings on how forecasts from individual inverters will improve the total solar power generation forecast of the PV system.
Community Structure, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Services in Treeline Whitebark Pine Communities: Potential Impacts from a Non-Native Pathogen
Authors: Tomback Diana , Resler Lynn , Keane Robert , Pansing Elizabeth , Andrade Andrew , Wagner Aaron
Published: January 2016

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) has the largest and most northerly distribution of any white pine (Subgenus Strobus) in North America, encompassing 18° latitude and 21° longitude in western mountains. Within this broad range, however, whitebark pine occurs within a narrow elevational zone, including upper subalpine and treeline forests, and functions generally as an important keystone and foundation species. In the Rocky Mountains, whitebark pine facilitates the development of krummholz conifer communities in the alpine-treeline ecotone (ATE), and thus potentially provides capacity for critical ecosystem services such as snow retention and soil stabilization. The invasive, exotic pathogen Cronartium ribicola, which causes white pine blister rust, now occurs nearly rangewide in whitebark pine communities, to their northern limits. Here, we synthesize data from 10 studies to document geographic variation in structure, conifer species, and understory plants in whitebark pine treeline communities, and examine the potential role of these communities in snow retention and regulating downstream flows. Whitebark pine mortality is predicted to alter treeline community composition, structure, and function. Whitebark pine losses in the ATE may also alter response to climate warming. Efforts to restore whitebark pine have thus far been limited to subalpine communities, particularly through planting seedlings with potential blister rust resistance. We discuss whether restoration strategies might be appropriate for treeline communities.