bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human and Animal Immunomorphology in Norm and Experimental Studies: Contribution of Academician M. R. Sapin to the Development of Immune System Organs Doctrine
Authors: Nikityuk D. B. , Klochkova S. V. , Alexeeva N. T. , Kvaratskheliya A. G.
Published: January 2021

The article provides data on scientific research of the Moscow scientific school of academicians D.A. Zhdanov and M.R. Sapin in the field of morphofunctional organization of the lymphatic and immune systems. The historical materials and scientific research of their students and followers were studied. The biographical milestones in the life and professional activities of Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences D.A. Zhdanov and his student, academician of the RAS M.R. Sapin within the walls of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical Institute (now – Sechenov University). The main scientific direction of D.A. Zhdanov taught about the lymphatic system. As a result of his research, the important role of the organs of the immune system in the formation of the body's response to antigenic effects was shown. Studying the professional and creative activities of M.R. Sapin showed that he was a fairly bright personality in the morphological community. A large number of his students and followers allows the scientific direction of academician M.R. Sapin live and develop today. New scientists-morphologists, using modern research methods, will continue and develop the teachings of M.R. Sapin, as in his time he continued and deepened the scientific direction of his teacher.
Evaluation of Degree of Conversion, Resin-Dentin Bond Strength, and Durability of Polydopamine Incorporated Total Etch Adhesive System
Authors: James Vandana , Madhana Madhubala Manavalan , Devarajan Shari S , Mahalaxmi Sekar , Sathyakumar Shanmugasundaram
Published: January 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC%), shear bond strength (SBS), bond durability, and the resin-dentin interface of polydopamine (PDA) incorporated total-etch adhesive system.
Materials and Methods: Five percentage by weight (wt%) concentration of PDA incorporated adhesive was prepared and its polymerization was evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results were compared with the DC% of conventional total-etch adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2) using independent t-test. Occlusal surfaces of 80 freshly extracted human premolars were sectioned to expose the dentin, which was acid-etched. The samples were divided into two groups (n=40) of total-etch adhesive and total-etch adhesive+PDA. Composite resin blocks were built up over the bonded surface and cured. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n=20) of immediate and post-aging evaluation. Samples were immersed in 10% sodium hypochlorite for five hours, and then, the SBS was evaluated using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The resin-dentin interface was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Bonferroni test.
Results: DC% was not affected by the addition of 5% PDA to the adhesive (group 2). The SBS of group 2A was significantly higher than that of group 1A. There was no significant reduction of SBS in group 2B. The hybrid layer was less degraded after aging in group 2B compared to group 2A.
Conclusions: PDA incorporated adhesive increased the immediate bond strength and durability without changing the DC%.
Usefulness of the psychological contract concept: the definition and conceptual considerations
Authors: Rogozińska-Pawełczyk Anna
Published: January 2021

This paper focuses on the review, analysis and synthesis of literature on the psychological contract. The main purpose of the synthesis in the extensive literature review is to delineate the scope in which interpersonal relations and employment relations can be created in an organisation. The article is part of broader theoretical considerations aimed at exploring and explicating the foundations of the psychological contract as a concept, and at conducting a chronological analysis of its development. Tracing this evolution provides a basis for exploring the significance of psychological contract as a regulator of employment relationships between employers and employees. The analysis and synthesis of the findings constitutes a contribution to efforts aimed at identifying gaps in existing reflection, and indicates implications for future research. To date, no comprehensive attempt has been made to present a systematic chronology and to capture changes in the terminology of psychological contract over the years.
The Inventory of Soil Ants in Residential Area of Palembang
Authors: Saputra Ari , Arifin Zainal , Riyanto Riyanto
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the species of soil ants in the residential area. The sampling method is hand collecting and baited trap (tuna and honey). There are 8 species found: Acanthomyrmex sp., Solenopsis germinata, Monomorium pharaonis, Pheidole megacephala, Paratrechina longicornis. Tapinoma melanocephalum, Camponotus ligniperda, Diacamma intricatum. The most numerous species, namely Pheidole megacephala and the least species, namely Diacamma intricatum. Ant species diversity tends to increase, as human activity decreases
Macroinvertebrates Diversity in Sundak Beach, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Rahmawati Yunita Fera
Published: January 2021

Macroinvertebrate diversity is one of the biologicals and ecological indicators that allow it to become a reference in determining water quality. This study aimed to inventory and study the diversity of macroinvertebrate species using the 1 x 1 m2 transect method along the Sundak Beach, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted on Sunday, October 13th, 2019, with a quadratic transect method of 10 stations from the lowest low tide to the middle of the sea. The data obtained in this study was the result of macroinvertebrates species inventory in each sampling point and the number of individuals of each species. The data was then analyzed using the Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H'). The results showed 45 macroinvertebrate species with 2590 numbers of individuals were found on the Sundak Beach. The most common species were Gastropods with 16 species, while the most individual species were Ophiuroidea (730 species). The diversity index of 1.28351 indicates that the diversity of macroinvertebrates in Sundak Beach is categorized as medium diversity.
O desafio do saneamento em comunidades rurais e a importância do monitoramento da qualidade da água
Authors: Bernardino Kamila Rocha , Costa David De Andrade , De Oliveira Vicente De Paulo dos Santos
Published: January 2021

O saneamento básico é um direito assegurado pela legislação brasileira, porém no que diz respeito ao acesso à água potável e esgotamento sanitário, esses serviços precisam evoluir significativamente para serem considerados eficientes, principalmente nas áreas rurais, onde o acesso à água potável é crítico e ocorre por meio de fontes alternativas de abastecimento, sendo imprescindível a realização de um monitoramento adequado da qualidade da água para consumo humano. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar o desafio do saneamento básico em áreas rurais dos municípios inseridos na Região Hidrográfica do Baixo Paraíba do Sul e Itabapoana (RH-IX), e a importância do monitoramento da qualidade da água nessas localidades, possibilitando a identificação de possíveis fontes de contaminação decorrentes da ausência de saneamento. Vale ressaltar, ainda, que se leve em consideração, a resolução dos diferentes aspectos relacionados à contaminação das águas nessas áreas, por meio de medidas estruturais e educacionais quanto à importância da qualidade ambiental para assegurar a saúde da população residente nas comunidades rurais desses municípios.
Cálculo da Pegada Ecológica do município de João Monlevade (MG) pelo Método Convencional
Authors: Fernandes Ana Rosa Aon Cardoso , Morais Cataryna Raisa Lage , Camargo Júlia Araújo , Aguilar Núbia Aparecida de , Franco Elton Santos , Giovanelli Luan Brioschi , Marques Izabel Cristina , Hespanho Aurelia De Cássia Ferreira , Sakiyama Nayara Rodrigues Marques , Siniscalchi Luciene Alves Batista
Published: January 2021

A Pegada Ecológica (PE) é a medida da carga imposta por uma população sobre a natureza, e representa a área de sustentação dos níveis de consumo dos recursos e geração de dejetos. O objetivo do trabalho foi calcular e avaliar a PE do município de João Monlevade-MG. Para o cálculo foi utilizado o método convencional proposto por Wackernagel e Rees na década de 90, baseado na soma da pegada das variáveis, calculadas da média anual de itens de consumo de dados agregados dividindo o consumo total pelo tamanho da população, subtraídos da Biocapacidade. João Monlevade Biocapacidade e PE de 0,048 e 0,643 há/hab, respectivamente, e, portanto, o consumo local ultrapassa a capacidade suporte do ambiente natural, e torna-se necessário um planejamento ambiental adequado para o município. A maior pegada foi referente a emissão de CO2 pela queima de combustíveis fósseis, 0,47 há/hab., indicando a necessidade da implementação de medidas mitigadoras. Conclui-se que cálculo da PE do município, aponta caminhos mais sustentáveis para melhor qualidade de vida da população. No entanto, requer aperfeiçoameto do cálculo, definindo outros indicadores relevantes, e análise cuidadosa dos dados.
Desenvolvimento do turismo sustentável em Farol de São Tomé, Campos dos Goytacazes, por meio da formação e qualificação de empreendedores locais
Authors: MARINS CRISTIANO SOUZA , Guimarães Thaís Oliveira , Ramos Rodrigo Resende , Anastácio Joselane Da Silva , De Barros Álvaro Gonçalves , De Carvalho Mayra Duarte
Published: January 2021

Esse artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados do projeto de extensão que teve como meta estimular o turismo sustentável em Farol de São Tomé, região litorânea do município de Campos dos Goytacazes. Essa região do município possui potencial turístico devido, principalmente, faixa de litoral, interesse de órgãos da prefeitura e ao clima agradável e quente. Propiciando oportunidades de emprego e renda, sobretudo para a população. Contudo, há diversos empresários de outras regiões sem nenhuma preocupação com o impacto das atividades de exploração do turismo no meio ambiente. E em outros casos, há muitas pessoas operando na informalidade sem qualquer formação ou conhecimento técnico. E o objetivo do projeto foi contribuir para mudar esta situação, promovendo a difusão de uma cultura empreendedora voltada para a promoção do turismo sustentável. Na primeira parte do projeto, foi aplicado um questionário aos empreendedores locais durante o Festival Gastronômico de 2018, com o objetivo de identificar as demandas por capacitação e o perfil dos entrevistados. E num segundo momento foram realizadas as capacitações conforme as demandas apresentadas. Como resultado foi possível identificar muitas potencialidades ainda pouco exploradas na região e que a capacitação poderia auxiliar, aos empreendedores, na criação e exploração de novas oportunidades.
El Comodoro Edward Codrington en Cataluña durante la Peninsular War (1810-1813)
Authors: Ramisa Verdaguer Matías
Published: January 2021

El capitán Edward Codrington prestó servicio entre 1810 y 1813 en las costas de Cataluña dirigiendo un escuadrón de la flota mediterránea de la Royal Navy. Ayudaba a los patriotas insurgentes contra la ocupación napoleónica. Aparte de la actividad bélica, Codrington se implicó mucho en la dinámica política del Principado impulsando un liberalismo radical. Quizá por motivos personales y en contradicción con su ideología, tomó partido contra el capitán general Luis Lacy y a favor del Barón de Eroles. Su idea principal era la de armar a todo el pueblo para luchar contra los franceses y hacer una revolución. El artículo también describe el marco general de la situación en el Mediterráneo y la personalidad de dicho capitán.
Tiempos de ocupación: experiencias, rostros y espacios en una Europa en guerra (1936-1945). Introducción
Authors: Pérez-Olivares Alejandro
Published: January 2021

Dossier coordinado por Alejandro Pérez-Olivares.Este texto presenta los artículos que componen el dossier “Tiempos de ocupación: experiencias, rostros y espacios en una Europa en guerra (1936-1945)”. En este sentido, se centra en las principales problemáticas que permiten comprender las ocupaciones en el marco de la “guerra total”. Este fenómeno transnacional es abordado través de diferentes estudios de caso en España, Países Bajos y Francia.
Estrategias de archivo y orden social en la Guerra Civil Española y la dictadura franquista
Authors: Pastor Núñez Guillermo , Alonso Rodríguez Henar , Rial Quintela María del Carmen
Published: January 2021

Este estudio presenta una reflexión sobre la capacidad de los archivos para revelar la naturaleza del orden social que los genera, especialmente en situaciones políticas actuadas por dinámicas de conflicto y resistencia. Como paradigmas de esta capacidad del archivo, se han seleccionado tres casuísticas documentales de la Guerra Civil y la dictadura franquista: en primer lugar, tres archivos del orden social no sublevado; en segundo lugar, el archivo del Servicio de Información y Policía Militar, presentando sus series menos exploradas; finalmente, los sumarísimos, por su condición de documentación de obligada referencia en investigaciones sobre la represión franquista.
(Pre)ocupación urbana. La cooperación de retaguardia en la guerra moderna: Madrid, 1939
Authors: Píriz Carlos
Published: January 2021

Antes de que las tropas de ocupación franquistas entraran en Madrid a finales de marzo de 1939 tras dos años y medio de asedio, sus colaboradores y agentes de sus servicios secretos emboscados en la ciudad se habían hecho con la capital de España. A este proceso de cooperación de retaguardia previo a la invasión de una gran ciudad moderna se le denomina en estas páginas “(pre)ocupación urbana”. Tras un breve recorrido por la historia de las principales organizaciones clandestinas que estos cómplices de los asaltantes crearon a fin de ganar la guerra en el territorio republicano y a las que se denominó «Quinta Columna», este artículo demuestra por primera vez cómo se pensó, gestionó e implementó la toma interna de la ciudad, la cual fue entregada.
Entre el ayer ocupado y el mañana “liberado”. Las consecuencias del período 1940-1944 sobre la policía y la sociedad policial francesas
Authors: Berlière Jean-Marc
Published: January 2021

Aunque breve (1940-1944), el período de la ocupación alemana y el gobierno de Vichy constituye un periodo decisivo tanto para la Policía como para la sociedad “policial” francesas. La estatalización, la centralización, la profesionalización y la militarización que caracterizan a la Policía francesa datan de este momento, junto con la recurrente imagen negativa de las misiones que llevó a cabo, en el contexto de las políticas de exclusión y represión impuestas por el régimen de Pétain y la colaboración instaurada con la ocupación nazi.
Prevenir los disturbios y las enfermedades: estrategias y políticas alemanas durante la hambruna holandesa de 1944-1945
Authors: De Zwarte Ingrid
Published: January 2021

La hambruna holandesa de 1944-1945, conocida popularmente como el "Invierno del Hambre", ha sido comúnmente vista como el resultado de las políticas alemanas en relación al hambre, desarrolladas por la Alemania nazi también en otras partes de Europa durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Este artículo cuestiona estas suposiciones sobre la política de hambre de las autoridades de ocupación alemana en los Países Bajos, centrándose en la complejidad del gobierno alemán durante las fases finales de la guerra. A partir de fuentes de origen holandés, alemán y aliado, este artículo argumenta que la hambruna fue causada y exacerbada por una compleja culminación de varios problemas de transporte y distribución. También demuestra cómo y por qué a partir de finales de 1944 las autoridades civiles alemanas encontraron razones para colaborar con los funcionarios holandeses encargados de la alimentación para prevenir el empeoramiento de la situación y permitir el alivio de los holandeses hambrientos. Se propone, por tanto, un cambio de un marco explicativo mono-causal y altamente politizado a uno que revela las múltiples dimensiones de la hambruna.
Annabel Martín y Mª del Pilar Rodríguez (Editoras), Tras las huellas del terrorismo en Euskadi: justicia restaurativa, convivencia y reconciliación, Madrid, Dykinson, 178 páginas
Authors: Marcos Ramos María
Published: January 2021

Reseña
Network explanations of the gender gap in migrants’ employment patterns: Use of online and offline networks in the Netherlands
Authors: Bilecen Başak , Seibel Verena
Published: January 2021

Objective: We investigate the relation between having online and offline personal networks and employment for male and female migrants in the Netherlands.

Background: Previous research diagnoses an alarming gender gap for migrants in their employment patterns. Although social networks are identified as being crucial for migrants’ labor market participation, we know very little about how migrant men and women differ in their social networks and how these differences translate into varying employment opportunities.

Method: Drawing on the Dutch Immigrant Panel of LISS (Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences) dataset, we examined migrants’ employment patters who have arrived to the Netherlands under different migration streams by conducting logistic regression models.

Results: We identify two major findings. While contrary to our expectations, migrant women tend to be connected with those who are employed and with a Dutch background, less connected to men and have a rather dense network structure. Nonetheless, women’s personal networks do not significantly account for their unemployment, but rather their less use of LinkedIn than migrant men.

Conclusion: Our findings have implications in understanding network inequalities for female migrants in their labor market participation.
An Enterprise Time Series Forecasting System for Cloud Applications Using Transfer Learning
Authors: Poghosyan Arnak , Harutyunyan Ashot , Grigoryan Naira , Pang Clement , Oganesyan George , Ghazaryan Sirak , Hovhannisyan Narek
Published: January 2021

One of the key components of application performance monitoring (APM) software is 2 AI/ML empowered data analytics for predictions, anomaly detection, event correlations and root 3 cause analysis. Time series metrics, logs and traces are three pillars of observability and the valuable 4 source of information for IT operations. Accurate, scalable and robust time series forecasting and 5 anomaly detection are desirable capabilities of the analytics. Approaches based on neural networks 6 (NN) and deep learning gain increasing popularity due to their flexibility and ability to tackle complex 7 non-linear problems. However, some of the disadvantages of NN-based models for distributed cloud 8 applications mitigate expectations and require specific approaches. We demonstrate how NN-models 9 pretrained on a global time series database can be applied to customer specific data using transfer 10 learning. In general, NN-models adequately operate only on stationary time series. Application 11 to non-stationary time series requires multilayer data processing including hypothesis testing for 12 data categorization, category specific transformations into stationary data, forecasting and backward 13 transformations. We present the mathematical background of this approach and discuss experimental 14 results from the productized implementation in Wavefront by VMware (an APM software) while 15 monitoring real customer cloud environments.
A Highly Transparent and Explainable Artificial Intelligence Tool for Chronic Wound Classification: XAI-CWC
Authors: Sarp Salih , Kuzlu Murat , Wilson Emmanuel , Cali Umit , Guler Ozgur
Published: January 2021

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seen increased application and widespread adoption over the past decade despite, at times, offering a limited understanding of its inner working. AI algorithms are, in large part, built on weights, and these weights are calculated as a result of large matrix multiplications. Computationally intensive processes are typically harder to interpret. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to solve this black box approach through the use of various techniques and tools. In this study, XAI techniques are applied to chronic wound classification. The proposed model classifies chronic wounds through the use of transfer learning and fully connected layers. Classified chronic wound images serve as input to the XAI model for an explanation. Interpretable results can help shed new perspectives to clinicians during the diagnostic phase. The proposed method successfully provides chronic wound classification and its associated explanation. This hybrid approach is shown to aid with the interpretation and understanding of AI decision-making processes.
A Deep-Learning-Based Approach for Reservoir Production Forecast under Uncertainty
Authors: Zhong Zhi , Sun Alexander Y. , Ren Bo , Wang Yanyong
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a deep-learning-based proxy modeling approach to efficiently forecast reservoir pressure and fluid saturation in heterogeneous reservoirs during waterflooding. The proxy model is built on a recently developed deep-learning framework, the coupled generative adversarial network (Co-GAN), to learn the joint distribution of multidomain high-dimensional image data. In our formulation, the inputs include reservoir static properties (permeability), injection rates, and forecast time, while the outputs include the reservoir dynamic states (i.e., reservoir pressure and fluid saturation) corresponding to the forecast time. Training data obtained from full-scale numerical reservoir simulations were used to train the Co-GAN proxy model, and then testing data were used to evaluate the accuracy and generalization ability of the trained model. Results indicate that the Co-GAN proxy model can predict the reservoir pressure and fluid saturation with high accuracy, which in turn, enable accurate predictions of well production rates. Moreover, the Co-GAN proxy model also is robust in extrapolating dynamic reservoir states. The deep-learning proxy models developed in this work provide a new and fast alternative to estimating reservoir production in real time.
A Novel Experimental Method for Mudcake Removal Efficiency of Spacer
Authors: Zheng Rui , Li Yong , Jin Jian-Zhou , Liu Zi-Shuai
Published: January 2021

Effective removal of mudcake from the wellbore before cementing is critical to developing an excellent bond between cement and formation. The application of spacer can remove mudcake effectively. The evaluation of mudcake removal efficiency is significant to the design of spacer. The methods proposed by scholars have limits on the development of mudcake and the simulation of the flushing process. For this paper, a novel apparatus used to test mudcake removal efficiency was designed. A novel experimental method for mudcake removal efficiency of spacer was proposed. The influence factors of mudcake removal efficiency are discussed. The method can evaluate the flushing efficiency quantitatively and provide guidance for designing of spacer.
Exercise-Induced Engagement of the IL-15/IL15Rα axis Promotes Anti-Tumor Immunity
Authors: Bar-Sagi Dafna , Kurz Emma , Dalton Tanner , Shadaloey Sorin , Vucic Emily , Winograd Rafael , Hirsch Carolina
Published: January 2021

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a central role in controlling cancer development and progression, as well as in responses to therapeutic interventions. However, the mechanisms that control their mobilization, composition, and function are not completely understood. Here, we show that aerobic exercise is sufficient to induce an intra-tumoral expansion of activated CD8 T cells and a reduction in tumor growth in murine models of pancreatic cancer. Specifically, exercise-induced spikes in epinephrine promote a systemic immune mobilization and accumulation of tumor-infiltrating IL15Rα+ CD8 T cells. This sub-population of activated CD8 T cells is responsible for the tumor protective and immune activating benefits of aerobic exercise, as both are abrogated in the context of IL-15 antagonism. Notably, the anti-tumor effect of aerobic exercise is potentiated by PD-1 blockade, suggesting a therapeutically exploitable link between an exercise-oncology axis and immune intervention strategies in a largely intractable disease.
Selective electrocatalytic hydrogenation of bio-oil to oxygenated chemicals via suppression of deoxygenation
Authors: Peng Tao , Zhuang Taotao , Yan Yu , Qian Jin , Dick Graham , de Bueren Jean Behaghel , Hung Sung-Fu , Wang Ziyun , Wicks Joshua , De Arquer F. Pelayo Garcia , Abed Jehad , Wang Ning , Rasouli Armin , Lee Geonhui , Wang Miao , He Daping , Wang Zhe , Liang Zhixiu , Song Liang , Wang Xue , Chen Bin , Ozden Adnan , Lum Yanwei , Leow Wan Ru , Luo Mingchuan , Meira Déboa , Ip Alexander , Luterbacher Jeremy , Zhao Wei , Sargent Edward
Published: January 2021

Catalytic hydrogenation of bio-oil provides an avenue to produce renewable chemicals. To this end, electrocatalytic hydrogenation is especially interesting when powered using low-carbon electricity; however, it has to date lacked the needed selectivity: when hydrogenating bio-oil to oxygenated hydrocarbons, for example, it reduces the desired oxygenated groups (-OH and -OCH3). Here we report that Rh and Au modulate electronic structure of Pt and steer intermediate energetics to favor the hydrogenation while suppressing deoxygenation using computational studies and in-situ spectroscopies. PtRhAu catalysts achieve a record 47% faradaic efficiency (FE) and a partial current density (Jp) of 28 mA·cm-2 toward oxygenated 2-methoxycyclohexanol from lignin-derived guaiacol under room temperature and ambient pressure, representing 1.5x FE and 3.5x Jp increases compared to the best prior reports. We further demonstrate an integrated lignin biorefinery where wood-derived lignin oils are selectively hydrogenated and funneled to the oxygenated 2-methoxy-4-propylcyclohexanol using PtRhAu catalysts.
Spectroscopic and Deep Learning-Based Approaches to Identify and Quantify Cerebral Microhemorrhages
Authors: Crouzet Christian , Jeong Gwangjin , Chae Rachel , LoPresti Krystal , Dunn Cody , Xie Danny , Agu Chiagoziem , Fang Chuo , Nunes Ane , Lau Wei Ling , Kim Sehwan , Cribbs David , Fisher Mark , Choi Bernard
Published: January 2021

Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) are associated with cerebrovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and normal aging. One method to study CMHs is to analyze histological sections (5-40 μm) stained with Prussian blue. Currently, users manually and subjectively identify and quantify Prussian blue-stained regions of interest, which is prone to inter-individual variability and can lead to significant delays in data analysis. To improve this labor-intensive process, we developed and compared three digital pathology approaches to identify and quantify CMHs from Prussian blue-stained brain sections: 1) ratiometric analysis of RGB pixel values, 2) phasor analysis of RGB images, and 3) deep learning using a mask region-based convolutional neural network. We applied these approaches to a preclinical mouse model of inflammation-induced CMHs. One-hundred CMHs were imaged using a 20x objective and RGB color camera. To determine the ground truth, four users independently annotated Prussian blue-labeled CMHs. The deep learning and ratiometric approaches performed better than the phasor analysis approach compared to the ground truth. The deep learning approach had the most precision of the three methods. The ratiometric approach has the most versatility and maintained accuracy, albeit with less precision. Our data suggest that implementing these methods to analyze CMH images can drastically increase the processing speed while maintaining precision and accuracy.
Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Rotavirus Diarrhea and the Acceptance of Rotavirus Vaccination Amongst Primary Caregivers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sitaresmi Mei , Seale Holly , Heywood Anita , Padmawati Retna , Soenarto Yati , MacIntyre Raina , Atthobari Jarir
Published: January 2021

Background: Rotavirus is the leading cause of hospitalized diarrhea in Indonesia. Rotavirus vaccine has not been included on the Indonesian National Immunization Program (NIP). There are some key issues must be considered before introducing a new vaccine into a NIP. Our study aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes of rotavirus diarrhea and barriers to the acceptance of the vaccine. Methods: We conducted 26 in-depth interviews in two districts (rural and urban areas) of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Participants included pregnant women in their third trimester and mothers of infants aged less than 14 weeks. We conducted a thematic analysis. Results: Participants did not perceive diarrhea as being a priority health problem. Very few had heard of rotavirus diarrhea or were aware of the availability of the vaccine. While participants would accept a vaccine their children against rotavirus, some key barriers impacted the use of the vaccine. As the rotavirus vaccine is not included in the Indonesian National Immunisation Program (NIP), parents perceived it as not essential. Parents were concerned regarding the safety and benefit of the vaccine due to the perceived newness of the vaccine. Other concerns were the vaccine was too costly and the halal issue. Participants expressed a need for more information on the vaccine's effectiveness and safety, with their primary health care providers (HCPs) nominated as playing an important role in vaccine acceptance. Conclusions: There was low awareness of rotavirus being a serious disease and the availability of the rotavirus vaccine in Indonesia. The vaccine is not on the Indonesian NIP, the newness, the safety and efficacy, the cost, and the halal status of vaccine were barriers to vaccine acceptance. Information and recommendation by HCPs play an essential role in vaccine acceptance
Risk and Outcome of Secondary Primary Malignancies After Radioactive Iodine Treatment in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Mei Xiaoran , Yao Xiaoqin , Feng Fang , Wang Hui , Cheng Weiwei
Published: January 2021

Background To investigate the relative risks(RRs) of secondary primary malignancies (SPMs) by different sites associated with radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) survivors, and the attributable risk proportion of RAI treatment for developing different SPMs. We identified DTC survivors from SEER registries and performed Poisson regression to calculate the RRs of SPMs by different sites associated with RAI treatment, as well as the attributable risk of RAI for different SPMs. Results The RRs of developing SPM associated with RAI varied from 0.86 (0.53-1.40) for SPMs of nervous system to 1.25 (1.05-1.50) for hematologic SPMs. The RRs of developing all cancer combined SPMs generally increased with age at DTC diagnosis and decreased with the latency time. We estimated that the attributable risk proportion of RAI treatment is only 0.9% for all cancer combined SPMs and 20% for hematologic SPMs, which is the highest among all SPMs. The tumor features and mortality of patients treated with and without RAI are generally comparable. Conclusion The RR of developing SPMs associated with RAI treatment in DTC survivors increase only in hematologic systems, with the highest attributable risk proportion of RAI treatment among all cancer combined SPMs. However, in consideration of its low incidence in all DTC survivors, the absolute number of hematologic SPMs would be low. For all cancer combined SPMs in DTC survivors, a very low proportion is associated with RAI treatment, indicating patients and physicians should not be panicked with the RAI treatment in DTC patients.
Impact of Diurnal Temperature Range on Cardiovascular Disease Hospital Admissions among Chinese Farmers in Dingxi(the Northwest China)
Authors: Zhai Guangyu , Qi Jintao , Chai Guorong
Published: January 2021

Background: Diurnal temperature range (DTR), an important index of climate change, has been widely applied in exploring its effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies have investigated the correlations between DTR and CVD in poor rural areas in China. Methods: Therefore, using a distributed lag nonlinear model and a Poisson regression model, we evaluated this relationship among farmers living in the city of Dingxi (Northwest China). From 2016 to 2019, we obtained outpatient visits for CVD and meteorological data from the New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance of Gansu Province (NRCMI) and Meteorological Science Data Sharing Service, respectively. The effects of DTR were examined in subgroups stratified by gender and age. Results: We observed nonlinear M-patterns between DTR and CVD hospitalizations among all subgroups when DTR was at the median level (13°C). Estimated effect of a relatively low DTR (5th percentile, 4°C) on the hospital admissions of CVD was stronger than the effect of a relatively high DTR (95th percentile, 19°C). We also found that the adverse effect of DTR on CVD risk was more pronounced in females and elderly than males and younger adults at the low DTR, and vice versa at the high DTR. Conclusions: These results could guide the local authorities to improve CVD preventive strategies in the rural areas.
Compulsiveness Drives Evidence Accumulation During Ambiguity
Authors: Mandali Alekhya , Gillan Claire , Voon Valerie
Published: January 2021

Doubt can modulate our decision-making process. Although conceptually different, conflict (choice similarity: difficult or easy) and uncertainty (individual reward-likelihoods: uncertain or certain) are commonly related and often conflated. By posing as an evidence-accumulation problem, we assessed doubt, dissociating contextual conflict, and uncertainty and showed obsessive-compulsive disorder patients have specific impairments while processing difficult-uncertain contexts. It remains unclear whether this deficit is disorder-specific or a reflection of broader mental-health dimension. Multi-dimensional trans-diagnostic approaches help to tease out the mechanistic nature (specific or usual) of clinical observations and their validity in sub-clinical populations. Here, we first aimed to validate our conflict-uncertainty analysis approach in a larger non-clinical cohort (n>1300). Second, we assessed the relationship between decisional-parameters of difficult-uncertain contexts and a trans-diagnostic factor capturing individual differences in ‘compulsive-behavior and intrusive-thoughts’. We replicate our previous findings in a large, general population sample and highlight that the amount of evidence accumulated in difficult–uncertain scenarios increases functionally with compulsive-behavior and intrusive-thought emphasizing greater cautiousness. We further show that those with high social-withdrawal tendencies gather less evidence irrespective of context reflecting a ‘jumping to conclusions’ tendency in judgment. We attempt to bridge the gap between behavior and psychological markers by integrating trans-diagnostic and computational methods.
WP-UNet: Weight Pruning U-Net with Depthwise Separable Convolutions for Semantic Segmentation of Kidney Tumors
Authors: Rao Patike Kiran , Chatterjee Subarna
Published: January 2021

Background: The major challenge in medical imaging is to achieve high accuracy output during semantic image segmentation tasks in biomedical imaging while having fewer computational operations and faster inference. It is necessary in medical modalities such as kidney tumor CT scan activities, to assist radiologists. Several previous studies have carried out a complex deep network that requires high computational resources. However, a deep network on semantic segmentation of kidney tumor CT scans with fewer flops and parameters has not yet been evaluated.Methods: This research paper presents a novel network model called Weight Pruning U-Net (WP-UNet) which is extremely fast, compact, and computationally efficient to address this problem with kidney tumor CT scan images as an application. Results We apply the proposed deep network model on the kidney tumor CT scan image dataset on computational devices with limited resources for computing. We build a CNN model with minimum parameters inspired by the commonly adapted U-Net architecture of the deep convolution neural network model for CT scan image analysis by making use of a depthwise separable convolution functional layer in the entire network model. We proposed weight pruning with the depthwise separable and batch normalized UNet model to reach the expected performance and reduce the loss in the process. WP-UNet has 3 major benefits,- : (a) a lightweight model with a smaller size (b) fewer parameters, and (c) a faster assumption time with a less than floating point calculation with computational complexity (FLOPs). WP-UNet was tested on the KiTs challenge Biomedical CT Scan imaging Dataset for kidney tumor semantic segmentation (KiTs), and the results showed that comparable and often better results were obtained by the WP-UNet model compared to the existing state-of-the-art models.Conclusions: Unlike previous assumptions, our findings indicate that the architecture proposed is smaller than U-Net and demands 3x less computational complexity while retaining respectable accuracy results. Moreover it affects kidney tumor medical image analysis and their practical application.
Frequency and Types of Ciliary Ultrastructural Defects in Patients With Suspected Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Symptoms Analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Rezaei Mitra , Soheili Amirali , Fakharian Atefeh , Jamaati Hamid , Ghorbani Jahangir , Toreyhi Hossein , Ziai Seyed Ali
Published: January 2021

Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare autosomal recessive condition of often chronic respiratory infections in early life. A useful tool for early diagnosis of such ciliary abnormalities is transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This study aimed to use TEM to examine these defects and speculate on a diagnosis.Methods: From 2017 to 2019, all referral patients with suspected PCD symptoms were included in this study. Nasal samples were taken after exclusion of further potential differential diagnosis and prepared for TEM. The final diagnosis was based on the International Consensus Guideline for reporting transmission electron microscopy results in the diagnosis of PCD. A descriptive analysis of demographic and ciliary ultrastructural data was performed by SPSS ver 21.Results: Study population consisted of 37 women and 30 men (mean age=20.34±10.7 years). The clinical presentations were as follows: bronchiectasis: 26 patients (38.8%); sinusitis: 23(34.3%); recurrent respiratory infection: 21 patients (31.3%); auditory symptoms: 5 patients (7.5%); situs inversus: 3 patients (4.4%); productive cough: 2 patients (3%); infertility: 2 patients (3%); polyposis: 1 patient (1.5%). According to TEM analysis, 12 (17%) of patients were PCD, 11 (15.7%) were indicating PCD cases, 26 (37.1%) of them had no criteria of PCD and 18 (25.7%) of cases had normal ciliary ultrastructure. Compound cilia and extra-tubule were reported in 29 (41.4%) and 31(44.3%) of patients, respectively. The outer dynein arm defect was seen in 11(16.4%) cases and the inner dynein arm (IDA) defect was seen in 20 (29.8%) cases. Two patients (3%) had microtubular disorganization.Conclusion: Bronchiectasis and sinusitis were the most common complications. The compound cilia and extra-tubule were the most prevalent TEM finding among all participants. However, the most prevalent hallmark diagnostic defects among PCD patients were ODA and IDA defects among PCD patients. Other diagnostic PCD tests should also be performed in patients in the indicating PCD group, those without PCD criteria, and normal patients with a highly suggestive history. Cell-culture, as well, should confirm IDA defects. This study highlights the fundamental need to consider ciliary defect among probable diagnoses and use TEM as a practical diagnostic tool.
Study on the Electronic Structure and Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Performance of RuxZn1-xO/Ti Electrodes
Authors: Shao Yanqun , Feng Keke , Guo Jie , Zhang Rongrong , He Sijiang , Wei Xinli , Lin Yuting , Ye Zhanghao , Chen Kongfa
Published: January 2021

Modification is one of the most important and effective methods to improve the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performance of ZnO. In this paper, the RuxZn1-xO/Ti electrodes were prepared by thermal decomposition method and the effect of Ru content on those electrodes’ electronic structure was analyzed through the first-principles calculation. Various tests were also performed to observe the microstructures and PEC performance. The results showed that as the Ru4+ transferred into ZnO lattice and replaced a number of Zn2+, the conduction band of ZnO moved downward and the valence band went upward. The number of photogenerated electron-hole pairs increased as the impurity levels appeared in the band gap. In addition, ZnO nanorods exhibited a smaller grain size and a rougher surface under the effect of Ru. Meanwhile, the RuO2 nanoparticles on the surface of ZnO nanorods acted as the electron-transfer channel, helping electrons transfer to the counter electrode and delaying the recombination of the electron-hole pairs. Specifically, the RuxZn1-xO/Ti electrodes with 9.375mol% Ru exhibited the best PEC performance with a rhodamine B (RhB) removal rate of 97%, much higher than the combination of simple electrocatalysis (EC 12%) and photocatalysis (PC 50%), confirming the synergy of photoelectrocatalysis.
Mechanism of Proton Transfer in Bacteriorhodopsin
Authors: Macernis Mindaugas , Mourokh Lev , Valkunas Leonas
Published: January 2021

Photoinduced proton pumping in bateriorhodopsin (bR) was extensively studied using multiple experimental methods and utilizing various theoretical modeling approaches. These studies usually refer to well-resolved structural data of bacteriorhodopsin. However, despite obtained results, the origin of the proton pumping force initiated by the electronic excitation of retinal remains questionable. Here we discuss the challenges and approaches to modeling the proton transfer in bR and demonstrate that the process, which starts from the electronic excitation of the retinal molecule, is mainly due to the detailed arrangement of the protein environment. Using quantum chemical calculations, we have revealed that the retinal molecule after its excitation is fixed in the ground state of 13-cis,15-syn configuration, as a result of interaction with specific protein residuals. Thus, reaching this fixed configuration, the proton is first transferred to the Asp-85 residue from the water molecule, which is subsequently restored by the proton initially located in the Schiff base.
Bound on Efficiency of Heat Engine From Uncertainty Relation Viewpoint
Authors: Mitra Ayan , Chattapadhyay Pritam , Paul Goutam , Zarikas Vasilios
Published: January 2021

Quantum cycles in established heat engines can be modeled with various quantum systems as working substances. As for example, heat engine can be modeled with an infinite potential well as the working substance to determine the efficiency and work done. However, in this method, the relationship between the quantum observables and the physically measurable parameters, i.e., the efficiency and work done is not well understood from the quantum mechanics approach. A detailed analysis is needed to link the thermodynamical variables (on which the efficiency and work done depends) with the uncertainty principle for better understanding. Here, we present the connection of sum uncertainty relation of position and momentum operators with thermodynamic variables in the quantum heat engine model. We are able to determine the upper and lower bounds on the efficiency of the heat engine through uncertainty relation.
Occupational Stress Assessment of Health Care Workers (HCWs) Facing COVID‐19 Patients in Iran
Authors: zare Sajad , dameneh Moslem Mohammadi , Esmaeili Reza , Kazemi Reza , Naseri Sahar , Panahi Davoud
Published: January 2021

Background: The health care workers (HCWs) in medical sectors are among the vital assets of any country during the emergence of crises such as pandemic prevalence caused by COVID-19. Therefore, maintaining the health of this group of staffs is necessary not only to save lives of patients, but also to control prevalence of diseases. People at the frontline of fighting COVID-19 are at higher risk for mental health problems, including stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The main objective of this study is to study the status of job stress in the three occupational groups of nurses, physicians and hospital cleaning crew facing corona patients in Iran hospitals.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study is performed on 290 medical staff (nurses, physicians and cleaning crew) facing COVID-19 patients working in different hospitals in Iran in 2020. Demographic information form and Job Stress Questionnaire (HSE tool indicator) were used to collect data. The HSE questionnaire has 35 questions and 7 areas, which was developed in the 1990s by the UK Health and Safety Institute to measure job stress.Results: 59% of the participants in this study were male. 62% of participants in this study were married. Participants often had work experience between 3 to 10 years. 66% of the participants were in the age range of 20 to 30 years. Percent of participants’ shift work satisfaction was 67%. Also, according to the results of the present study, 87% of nurses, 79% of cleaning crew and 67% of physicians had a partial to high levels of stress that, on average, 77.5% of the HCWs participating in this study had at least a small amount of stress.Conclusions: The prevalence of COVID-19 has a great impact on the level of job stress in the HCWs of Iranian hospitals. Factors such as high workload, low response time at the peak of hospital visits, lack of adequate support for top managers of all job groups equally, lack of access to adequate personal protective equipment, unpreparedness of managers and staff to respond to the critical and emergency conditions on stress incidence were effective on the present study.
Axial Dispersion Plug Flow Model for Methanol Dehydration Reactor
Authors: Zare Masoud Habibi , Mahlouji Mohammad Davar
Published: January 2021

One-dimensional heterogeneous dispersed plug flow (DPF) model is employed to model an adiabatic fixed-bed reactor for the catalytic dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether (DME). The mass and heat transfer equations are numerically solved for the reactor. The concentration of the reactant and products and also the temperature varies along the reactor, therefore the effectiveness factor would also change in the reactor. We used the effectiveness factor that was simulated according to the diffusion and reaction in the catalyst pellet as a pore network model. The predicted distribution for the effectiveness factor was utilized for the reactor simulation. The simulation results were compared to the experimental data and a satisfactory agreement was confirmed.