bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Financial development, financial inclusion and natural resource management for sustainable development: Empirical evidence from Asia
Authors: Xu Yong
Published: July 2023

A nation's economy relies heavily on the interplay of the nexus between the financial sector and the income generated by its natural resources. The key reasons for doing this research are the recent advancement and significant rise in the academic literature about the resource‐finance nexus. This study aims to assess the impact of financial development, financial inclusion and natural resources development on environmental sustainability in Asia's presence of renewable sources and foreign direct investment from 2000 to 2020. We used the Cross‐section dependency and second‐generation unit root tests to fix the data. Panel threshold model findings, the significant research model, reveal that green innovation significantly affects environmental sustainability and is an efficient method for lowering pollution levels. The strong correlation between financial growth and environmental sustainability further underscores the importance of financial development in resolving environmental concerns. Granger causality demonstrates the strong long‐run influence of financial growth and natural resources management on environmental sustainability in leading countries. The robustness of the GMM test ensures the validity of the research conclusions. This research is useful because it informs policymakers and other interested parties about the significance of green innovation and financial development in reducing environmental consequences while emphasizing the relevance of energy choices in achieving long‐term environmental goals.
Fit‐for‐Purpose Synthesis of CDK2 Inhibitor GNE‐140
Authors: Ambrosi Andrea , Piechowicz Katarzyna A. , Tuck Tyler A. , Xu Di , Zhang Haiming , Gosselin Francis
Published: July 2023

A six‐step, stereoselective synthesis of cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitor GNE‐140 was developed. The key bonds were assembled through palladium‐catalyzed Negishi cross‐coupling and Buchwald–Hartwig C−N coupling steps. The stereodiad was established through a single‐step, CuH‐catalyzed enone reduction proceeding in >99 : 1 er and 89 : 11 dr. GNE‐140 was obtained in 25 % overall yield with 98.6 A% HPLC purity.
Evidencing the impacts of health research: Insights from trials reported in the 2018 Australian Engagement and Impact Assessment
Authors: Prowse Sarah R. , Treweek Shaun , Kiezebrink Kirsty , Hanna Catherine
Published: July 2023

Issue Addressed

While definitions of impact may vary, they often refer to the wider benefits of research evidenced beyond academia. We evaluated case studies featuring randomised trials from the 2018 Engagement and Impact Assessment to better understand how the impacts of health research are evidenced and assessed within Australia.

Methods

We collated and evaluated ‘high’ scoring case studies submitted by higher education institutions with a focus on randomised trials across all areas of health research. A qualitative coding system was used for manual content analysis to assess the key characteristics of trials reported, subsequent impacts and the methods used to evidence impacts.

Results

A total of 14 case studies were identified citing 35 clinical trials. The majority of interventions were behavioural with a focus on mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders. Most trials were phase III, focused on the treatment of the indication and were funded by industry. Contribution to clinical guidelines was the highest cited research impact. While there was evidence of researchers seeking to maximise trial impact, case studies lacked details on the role of trial participants and other beneficiaries in generating impact.

Conclusions

The impacts of health research can be improved through a better understanding of the priorities and agendas of funders, providing evidence of tangible impact rather than information that is contextual or predictive, and through the early development of impact strategies involving both researchers and beneficiaries.

So What?

Large‐scale impact exercises intended for a broad range of disciplines may not be reflective of the depth and scope of health sciences research including trials.
Applying multivariate techniques to fingerprint water quality impact of the Fundão Dam breach within the Rio Doce basin
Authors: Oehrig Jacob , Kananizadeh Negin , Wild Michael , Rouhani Shahrokh , Odle William
Published: July 2023

The Fundão Dam breach on 5 November 2015 (the “Event”) released tailings, water, soil and/or sediments, and other debris to downstream watercourses. This breach included both direct and indirect impacts from scouring of soils and sediments along and within the affected courses. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to determine the potential of fingerprinting the impact of the breach compared to pre-Event water quality conditions and unaffected watercourses. The selection of key parameters is an important first step for multivariate analyses. Analysis of too many parameters can mask important trends and relationships, while analysis of too few may miss significant water quality indicators. A two-phased selection process was used to identify key parameters that indicated impact from the Event: (a) unbiased, principal component analysis to extract chemically dominant profiles among all measured parameters and (b) comparison of metals' concentrations between unaffected soils and/or sediments and tailings samples. Radar charts of key parameters along with statistical comparisons to pre-Event and not-affected waterways were then aggregated over space and time to assess impact and potential recovery to pre-Event conditions. Nine parameters were identified that characterize tailings-related (direct) and background soil and/or sediment-related (indirect) impacts. Spatially and temporally aggregated radar charts and nonparametric Mann–Whitney U tests were used to assess the statistical significance of these impacts during each wet season since the breach. Indirect parameters, like aluminum and lead, returned to pre-Event levels in the first wet season after the Event. By the 2018/2019 wet season, most of the direct and indirect parameters had returned to pre-Event levels. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:133–147. © 2023 NewFields Companies, LLC. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Adenocarcinoma in ectopic prostatic tissue at the trigone of urinary bladder
Authors: Mori Shunsuke , Maekawa Takahiro , Kujime Yuma , Akiyama Mai , Matsushita Makoto , Sato Mototaka , Tei Norihide , Miyake Osamu
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Ectopic prostatic tissue is prostatic tissue located distant from the prostate gland. Although its existence is not uncommon, the occurrence of adenocarcinoma in ectopic prostatic tissue is rare.

Case presentation

A 68‐year‐old man was suspected to have a nodular‐type tumor in the bladder trigone and a tumor in the prostate based on magnetic resonance imaging and cystoscopy results. Transurethral tumor resection and transrectal prostate needle biopsy revealed the coexistence of ectopic prostatic adenocarcinoma in the bladder trigone and low‐risk orthotopic prostate cancer. Four years later, the tumor evolved to intermediate‐risk prostate cancer during active surveillance, and the patient underwent prostatectomy with resection of the bladder trigone. Pathology indicated no residual ectopic prostatic tissue or adenocarcinoma at the bladder trigone.

Conclusion

Adenocarcinoma in ectopic prostatic tissue is very rare; however, when found, the possibility of concurrent cancer in the prostate gland should be considered.
Natural overlaying behaviors push the limit of planar cyclic deformation performance in few‐layer MoS2 nanosheets
Authors: Li Peifeng , Zhang Guangjie , Kang Zhuo , Zheng Xin , Xie Yong , Liang Chunyuan , Zhang Yizhi , Fang Xiaoyang , Sun Rong , Liu Zhiquan , Bu Yeqiang , Lu Yang , Zhang Yue
Published: July 2023

As a typical two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) material with nonzero band gap, MoS2 has a wide range of potential applications as building blocks in the field of nanoelectronics. The stability and reliability of the corresponding nanoelectronic devices depend critically on the mechanical performance and cyclic reliability of 2D MoS2. Although an in situ technique has been used to analyze the mechanical properties of 2D materials, the cyclic mechanical behavior, that is, fatigue, remains a major challenge in the practical application of the devices. This study was aimed at analyzing the planar cyclic performance and deformation behavior of three‐layer MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) using an in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) variable‐amplitude uniaxial low‐frequency and cyclic loading–unloading tensile acceleration test. We also elucidated the strengthening effect of the natural overlaying affix fragments (other external NSs) or wrinkle folds (internal folds from the NS itself) on cycling performances and service life of MoS2 NSs by delaying the whole process of fatigue crack initiation, propagation, and fracture. The results have been confirmed by molecular dynamics (MDs) simulations. The overlaying enhancement effect effectively ensures the long‐term reliability and stability of nanoelectronic devices made of few‐layer 2D materials.

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Combined doxorubicin and arctigenin treatment induce cell cycle arrest‐associated cell death by promoting doxorubicin uptake in doxorubicin‐resistant breast cancer cells
Authors: Lee Min‐Gu , Lee Kyu‐Shik , Nam Kyung‐Soo
Published: July 2023

Chemotherapy failure is often caused by drug resistance, for which no effective treatment strategy has been established. Many studies have been undertaken with the aim of overcoming drug resistance using natural products. Arctigenin (ATG), a natural product, has been investigated for its anti‐cancer effects in HER2‐overexpressing, ER‐positive, and triple‐negative breast cancer cells. We investigated the efficacy of ATG against self‐established doxorubicin (DOX)‐resistant breast cancer cells (MCF‐DR and MDA‐DR cells) derived from MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells, respectively. ATG was found to increase DOX intracellular levels by downregulating multidrug Resistance 1 (MDR1) mRNA expression in DOX‐resistant cells. In addition, combined treatment with DOX and ATG (DOX/ATG) reduced the viability of and colony formation by DOX‐resistant cells. DOX/ATG also significantly induced G2/M cell cycle arrest by suppressing the Cyclin D1/CDK4/RB pathways and suppressed the expressions of MDR1 and Cyclin D1 by inhibiting the Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Activating protein‐1 (AP‐1) signaling pathways. Furthermore, DOX/ATG induced DNA damage and attenuated the expressions of RAD51 and Ku80. However, PARP1 (Poly [ADP‐ribose] polymerase1) cleavage and AIF (Apoptosis‐inducing factor) induced apoptosis did not occur despite DNA damage‐induced cell death. Rather, flow cytometry showed that DOX/ATG caused necrosis. In summary, DOX/ATG increased intracellular DOX levels by inhibiting MDR1 and inducing G2/M arrest by inhibiting the Cyclin D1/CDK4/RB pathways and causing necrosis by damaging DNA. Our results suggest that ATG might be used as an adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of DOX in DOX‐resistant breast cancer.
Skeletal calcification patterns of batoid, teleost, and mammalian models: Calcified cartilage versus bone matrix
Authors: Pazzaglia Ugo E. , Reguzzoni Marcella , Milanese Chiara , Manconi Renata , Lanteri Luca , Cubeddu Tiziana , Zarattini Guido , Zecca Piero A. , Raspanti Mario
Published: July 2023

This study compares the skeletal calcification pattern of batoid Raja asterias with the endochondral ossification model of mammalians Homo sapiens and teleost Xiphias gladius. Skeletal mineralization serves to stiffen the mobile elements for locomotion. Histology, histochemistry, heat deproteination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/EDAX analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) have been applied in the study. H. sapiens and X. gladius bone specimens showed similar profiles, R. asterias calcified cartilage diverges for higher water release and more amorphous bioapatite. In endochondral ossification, fetal calcified cartilage is progressively replaced by bone matrix, while R. asterias calcified cartilage remains un‐remodeled throughout the life span. Ca2+ and PO43− concentration in extracellular matrix is suggested to reach the critical salts precipitation point through H2O recall from extracellular matrix into both chondroblasts or osteoblasts. Cartilage organic phase layout and incomplete mineralization allow interstitial fluids diffusion, chondrocytes survival, and growth in a calcified tissue lacking of a vascular and canalicular system.

Highlights

Comparative physico‐chemical characterization (TGA, DTG and DSC) testifies the mass loss due to water release, collagen and carbonate decomposition of the three tested matrices.

R. asterias calcified cartilage water content is higher than that of H. sapiens and X. gladius, as shown by the respectively highest dehydration enthalpy values.

Lower crystallinity degree of R. asterias calcified cartilage can be related to the higher amount of collagen in amorphous form than in bone matrix.

These data can be discussed in terms of the mechanostat theory (Frost, 1966) or by organic/inorganic phase transformation in the course evolution from fin to limbs.

Mineral analysis documented different charactersof R. asterias vs H. sapiens and X. gladius calcified matrix.
White epaxial muscle aerobic and anaerobic potential and muscle fiber structure in surface and cave morphotypes of the Mexican cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus)
Authors: Jiménez Ana Gabriela , Nash‐Braun Evan , Meyers Jason R.
Published: July 2023

Proper muscle function and muscle fiber structures that match the environmental demands of organisms are imperative to their success in any ecosystem. The Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, has two morphotypes: an obligate cave‐dwelling form that lives in thermally insulated caves and an O2 poor environment, and a surface form that lives in a more thermally variable, but O2 rich river environment. As environment can determine physiological adaptations, it is of interest to compare the aerobic and anaerobic metabolic profiles of white muscle metabolism in both morphotypes of this species, as well as their muscle structures. Here, we used white muscle of both morphotypes of the Mexican cavefish to determine citrate synthase (CS) activity as a measure of aerobic potential, and lactate concentration as a measure of anaerobic potential at three different chronic acclimation temperatures (14°C, 25°C, and 31°C). By examining aerobic and anaerobic potential in both morphs, we sought to link environmental thermal flexibility to muscle metabolism. We found that the surface morphotype had higher CS activity and lower lactate concentration, suggesting an overall more efficient usage of aerobic metabolism; whereas the cave morphotype showed lower CS activity and higher lactate concentration, suggesting a stronger reliance on anaerobic pathways. We also measured white muscle histological variables that have been previously linked to whole‐animal metabolism: fiber diameter, number of nuclei per mm of fiber and myonuclear domain (MND) of both morphotypes at 25°C to examine cell‐level differences in muscle morphology. However, we found no differences in fiber diameter, number of nuclei per mm of fiber or MND between the two morphotypes. Thus, although the cellular morphology is similar in these species, the environmental differences in the evolution of the two morphs has led to differences in their metabolic profiles.
We can work it out: A multilevel examination of relationships among group and individual technology workarounds, and performance
Authors: Wei Shaobo , Chen Xiayu , Rice Ronald E.
Published: July 2023

Despite the operational nature of enterprise system (ES) implementation and use, individual employees or work groups may deploy technology workarounds to circumvent inflexibility in or obstacles to using the ES. However, our understanding of the multilevel nature of technology workarounds and their performance implications remains limited. Drawing upon the multilevel theory of system usage and adaptive structuration theory, the current study examines the conditions under which group technology workarounds affect group performance, individual technology workarounds, and individual performance. Based on two studies with different research designs, we find that group technology workarounds have distinctive effects on short‐ and on long‐term group performance. Specifically, while the impact of group technology workarounds on group performance is significantly positive in the short term, such effect diminishes over time. System failure and competition intensity strengthen the positive effect of group technology workarounds on short‐term performance, whereas system failure and task nonroutineness lessen the negative effect of group technology workarounds on long‐term performance. Our study further confirms the multilevel nature of technology workarounds, finding that group technology workarounds can influence individual technology workarounds and thereby individual performance. Our results support the view that technology workarounds as a group action should be considered alongside individual technology workarounds, as well as their positive and negative effects on both group and individual performance, in both the short‐ and long‐term.
Customer base environmental disclosure and supplier greenhouse gas emissions: A signaling theory perspective
Authors: Song Sining , Lian Jie , Skowronski Keith , Yan Tingting
Published: July 2023

As suppliers' emissions contribute to a significant portion of the global environmental footprint, achieving supply chain wide carbon neutrality largely depends on suppliers' greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions. Although suppliers' customers are increasingly signaling their commitment to tackling climate change through environmental disclosure, whether this signal contributes to supplier emissions reduction remains a question. Using signaling theory, this research proposes an emissions‐reducing effect of customer base environmental disclosure on a supplier's GHG emissions level. Using a 2010–2017 panel dataset from multiple sources, we find empirical evidence supporting the upstream emissions‐reducing effect of customer base environmental disclosure. Further, we identify two customer‐base characteristics that affect this relationship: customer base climate innovation and competition. These findings contribute to the sustainable supply chain management literature by illustrating the effects of the customer base on supplier emissions performance. Specifically, customers could motivate a supplier's engagement in emissions reduction by collectively signaling their environmental commitment through enhanced disclosure. However, the effectiveness of this signaling effect can be contingent on the green innovation and competitive dynamics of the customer base.
Driving innovation through servant leadership in higher education: Unveiling the serial mediating mechanisms of subjective well‐being and knowledge sharing
Authors: Nawaz Asif , Gilal Faheem Gul , Soomro Muhammad Ismail , Gilal Rukhsana Gul , Channa Khalil Ahmed
Published: July 2023

Academic research consistently emphasizes the significance of leadership style in driving performance outcomes within organizations. However, there remains a notable dearth of studies examining the association between servant leadership (SL) and employees' objective innovative performance. To bridge this research gap, this study adopts a dual theoretical lens, integrating the Conservation of Resource Theory and Social Exchange Theory, to explore the impact of SL on innovative performance specifically in the context of higher education institutions. In addition, this research endeavors to elucidate the mediating roles of subjective well‐being and knowledge sharing in the relationship between SL style and innovative performance. To this end, data were collected from employees and their peers in higher education institutions, and a partial least square (PLS)‐based structural equation modeling technique was used for analysis. The findings reveal a positive association between SL and employees' innovative performance. Furthermore, subjective well‐being significantly mediates the relationship between SL and innovative performance, while knowledge sharing has a trivial mediating effect. This study contributes to the literature by addressing the research gap in understanding the role of SL in enhancing innovative performance in higher education. The insights gained from this research can provide managers with valuable guidance on leveraging SL to foster employees' innovative performance.
Hydrodynamics rather than type of coastline shapes self‐recruitment in anemonefishes
Authors: Sato Masaaki , Honda Kentaro , Nakamura Yohei , Bernardo Lawrence Patrick C. , Bolisay Klenthon O. , Yamamoto Takahiro , Herrera Eugene C. , Nakajima Yuichi , Lian Chunlan , Uy Wilfredo H. , Fortes Miguel D. , Nadaoka Kazuo , Nakaoka Masahiro
Published: July 2023

Many marine species have a pelagic larval phase that undergo dispersal among habitats. Studies on marine larval dispersal have revealed a large variation in the spatial scale of dispersal and self‐recruitment. However, few studies have investigated the influence of types of coastline (e.g., bay vs. open coast) on marine larval dispersal. Bays or lagoons generally enhance the retention of larvae, while larvae are more likely to be flushed by strong currents in open coasts. To examine associations between larval dispersal, coastline type, and hydrodynamics, we compared fin‐scale dispersal patterns, self‐recruitment, and local retention (LR) of two anemonefishes (Amphiprion frenatus and Amphiprion perideraion) between a semi‐enclosed bay and an open coast in the Philippines combining genetic parentage analysis and biophysical dispersal modeling. Contrary to our expectations, parentage analysis revealed lower estimates of self‐recruitment in the semi‐closed bay (0%) than in the open coast (14–15%). The result was consistent with dispersal simulations predicting lower LR and self‐recruitment in the semi‐closed bay (0.4% and 19%) compared to the open coast (2.9% and 38%). Dispersal modeling also showed that cross‐shore currents toward offshore were much stronger around the semi‐closed bay and were negatively correlated with LR and self‐recruitment. These results suggest that stronger cross‐shore currents around the semi‐closed bay transport anemonefish larvae to the offshore and mainly contributed to the lower self‐recruitment. Our results highlight importance of hydrodynamics on larval dispersal and difficulty in predicting self‐recruitment from coastline type alone.
Ball Lens‐Assisted Cellphone Imaging with Submicron Resolution
Authors: Jin Boya , Jean Amstrong R. , Maslov Alexey V. , Astratov Vasily N.
Published: July 2023

One of the most significant developments in life sciences—the discovery of bacteria and protists—was accomplished by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek in the 17thcentury using a single ball lens microscope. It is shown that the full potential of single lens designs can be realized in a contact mode of imaging by ball lenses with a refractive index of n≈ 2, suitable for developing compact cellphone‐based microscopes. The quality of imaging is comparable to basic compound microscopes, but with a narrower field‐of‐view, and is demonstrated for various biomedical samples. The maximal magnification (M > 50) with the highest resolution (≈0.66 µm atλ= 589 nm) is achieved for imaging of nanoplasmonic structures by ball lenses made from LASFN35 glass, the index of which is tuned nearn =2 using chromatic dispersion. Due to limitations of geometrical optics, the imaging theory is developed based on an exact numerical solution of the Maxwell equations, including spherical aberration and the nearfield coupling of a point source. The modeling is performed using multiscale analysis: from the field propagation inside ball lenses with diameters 30 < D/λ < 4000 to the formation of the diffracted field at distances of ≈105λ. It is shown that such imaging enables the transition from pixel‐ to diffraction‐limited resolution in cellphone microscopy.
The interplay of information order and locus of attention on the truth effect in healthy food advertisements
Authors: Jang Jung Min
Published: July 2023

The perceived truthfulness of advertised claims plays a vital role in healthy food marketing, shaping positive consumer responses. This study investigates how the presentation order of healthy ingredients and food products commonly featured in advertisements influences the perceived truthfulness of these claims, also known as the truth effect, using the congruency effect as a theoretical framework. Two studies were conducted to explore the impact of the compatibility between a contextual factor (presentation order) and cultural/individual difference (locus of attention) on the subjective experience of processing fluency, and how it subsequently enhances the truth effect, wherein consumers believe the advertised claims about the product. Studies 1 and 2 revealed that individuals, depending on their locus of attention, are more likely to exhibit a heightened truth effect when the food product is presented first, followed by the healthy ingredient as an attribute, or when the information is presented in the opposite order. Additionally, the observed effect was found to be completely mediated by processing fluency. These findings make theoretical and practical contributions by highlighting the role of the congruency effect as a novel determinant of the truth effect.
CNOT4 suppresses nonsmall cell lung cancer progression by promoting the degradation of PAF1
Authors: Zhang Biao , Zhao Bin , Han Song , Chen Shaomu
Published: July 2023

CCR4‐NOT transcription complex subunit 4 (CNOT4) and RNA polymerase II‐associated factor, homolog (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (PAF1) are implicated in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the molecular mechanism of their interaction in NSCLC progression is unknown. The expression of PAF1 and CNOT4 in human NSCLC tissues was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A549 cells that stably expressed CNOT4 and/or PAF1 were established. Western blot analysis and co‐immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to reveal the interaction between CNOT4 and PAF1. Proliferation, migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and colony formation assays were performed to determine the effect of CNOT4‐PAF1 axis on NSCLC metastasis and stemness. Xenograft mouse tumor model was established, and tumor progression, EMT, and stemness were evaluated. It was found that CNOT4 expression was downregulated, whereas PAF1 expression was upregulated in human NSCLC tissues. CNOT4 facilitated the ubiquitination and degradation of PAF1 via the 26S proteasome. CNOT4 overexpression inhibited NSCLC progression, whereas PAF1 overexpression enhanced the proliferation, migration, and stemness of NSCLC, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that CNOT4‐PAF1 axis modulates NSCLC metastasis and stemness, and may serve as potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer treatment.
Exposure to endogenous and exogenous sex hormones and reproductive history influence prognosis in women with ALS
Authors: Gonzalez Deniselle M. Claudia , Bettini Mariela , Garrido Rosa M. , Meyer Maria , Lara Agustina , Garay Laura I. , Casas Sebastian , Fulgenzi Ernesto , Nuñez Myriam , Rugiero Marcelo F. , De Nicola Alejandro F. , Gargiulo‐Monachelli Gisella
Published: July 2023

Introduction/Aims

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a higher incidence in men suggesting an influence of sex steroids. Our objective was to investigate past exposure to endogenous and synthetic steroids in female ALS patients and controls.

Methods

We administered a questionnaire to 158 postmenopausal women (75 ALS patients and 83 controls). We calculated reproductive time span (RTS), lifetime endogenous estrogen (LEE) and progesterone exposures (LPE), oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use, and reproductive history.

Results

ALS patients showed shorter LEE and LPE, a lower proportion of breast cancer, and 11% showed no history of pregnancies vs. 4% of controls. Odds ratios (ORs) showed that <17 y of LEE and a delayed menarche (>13 y) constitute risk factors for ALS [OR = 2.1 (95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.08–4.2); and OR = 2.4 (95% CI, 1.1–5.1) respectively]. According to Cox survival analysis, for each year the LEE increased over 17 y, it was independently associated with longer survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.37 (95% CI, 0.16–0.85)] after adjusting for smoking, age and site of onset. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that for each month using OCP for longer than 40 mo increased the risk of ALS [adjusted OR = 4.1 (95% CI, 1.2–13.8)].

Discussion

Thus, longer exposure to endogenous female sex steroids increased survival and reduced ALS susceptibility. In contrast, longer exposure to synthetic sex steroids showed a negative impact by reducing the production of endogenous female sex steroids or due to crossover with other steroid receptors. Given the neuroprotective effects of sex steroids, we suggest that abnormalities of neuroendocrine components may alter motor function in women with ALS.
Achievement, Ascription, andMana: A Step beyond Binary Opposition in Studying Leadership in Oceania
Authors: Faucounau Francois‐Xavier
Published: July 2023

This paper critiques the recent use of Marshall Sahlins' model, which opposes big men to chiefs to establish a contrast between Austronesian and Non‐Austronesian communities in Oceania. By reviewing Sahlins' model and drawing upon Oceania‐wide ethnographic work, I argue that the two opposed paradigms underlying Sahlins' model of leadership, namely achievement and ascription, are in fact entangled in practices and in ideologies. I contend that the cooccurrence of ‘achievement’ and ‘ascription’ is widely supported by ethnographies of Oceania; that these two features can simultaneously characterize a single leadership position; and that this dual aspect of leadership is conveyed in Remote Oceania by the indigenous concept of mana. This suggests that the historical analysis of leadership in Oceania should move beyond this the achievement/ascription dichotomy. Thus, instead of mapping the region in terms of their absence or presence, it is more productive to analyse how these features articulate, or to focus on other aspects of leadership in Oceania such as the relation between leaders and deities or ancestors.
Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Recycling through a Closed‐Loop Process Using a Choline Chloride‐Ethylene Glycol‐Based Deep‐Eutectic Solvent in the Presence of Acid
Authors: Yetim Delphine , Svecova Lenka , Leprêtre Jean‐Claude
Published: July 2023

This study evaluates the ability of a choline chloride:ethylene glycol‐based deep eutectic solvent (DES) to dissolve lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) which is used as a cathode active material in Li‐ion batteries. Both a commercial powder and spent cathodes have been used. It was demonstrated that if HCl is added in a small proportion, a rapid and efficient LCO dissolution can be achieved. Indeed, if more than three protons are added per one cobalt atom present in the LCO structure, a complete dissolution of the material is accomplished within 2 h at 80 °C. This result might be considered as a viable alternative compared to the literature where much longer reaction times and higher temperatures are applied to achieve similar results with the same DES system used either pure or in presence of additional reducing agents. It was further demonstrated that Co and Li can be fully precipitated after Li2CO3 addition. This precipitation does neither pollute the DES nor leads to its degradation provided the pH does not exceed 10. Finally, it was shown that two additional reuse cycles can be carried out without any decrease of recovery efficiency, while no degradation products have been detected within the DES phase.
Use of gastrointestinal prokinetics and the risk of parkinsonism: A population‐based case‐crossover study
Authors: Kim Eunji , Kim Siin , Suh Hae Sun
Published: July 2023

Background

The disease burden of parkinsonism is extremely costly in the United States. Unlike Parkinson's disease, drug‐induced parkinsonism (DIP) is acute and reversible; exploring the causative drug is important to prevent DIP in patients at high‐risk of parkinsonism.

Objective

To examine whether the use of gastrointestinal (GI) prokinetics is associated with an increased risk of parkinsonism.

Methods

We conducted a case‐crossover study using nationally representative data. We included patients who were newly diagnosed with parkinsonism (ICD‐10 G20, G21.1, G25.1) between January 1, 2007 and December 1, 2015. The first prescription date of G20, G21.1, or G25.1 diagnoses was defined as the index date (0 day). Patients with prior extrapyramidal and movement disorders or brain tumors were excluded. We assessed the exposure within the risk (0–29 days) and control periods (60–89 days), before or on the index date. Conditional logistic regression estimated the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for parkinsonism.

Results

Overall, 2268 and 1674 patients were exposed to GI prokinetics during the risk and control periods, respectively. The use of GI prokinetics significantly increased the occurrence of parkinsonism (aOR = 2.31; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 2.06–2.59). The use of GI prokinetics was associated with a higher occurrence of parkinsonism in elderly patients (≥65 years old; aOR = 2.69; 95% CI, 2.30–3.14) than in younger patients (aOR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.59–2.27).

Conclusions

The use of GI prokinetics was significantly associated with higher occurrences of parkinsonism, necessitating close consideration when using GI prokinetics.
The effect of polymeric films of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)/chitosan on ofloxacin release, diffusion, and biological activity
Authors: Jaber Saif Aldeen , Saadh Mohamed , Obeid Mohammad A.
Published: July 2023

Infectious diseases caused by resistant bacteria have been investigated by several researchers recently. Ofloxacin is a quinolone antibiotic used against resistant microorganisms and in different routes of administration. Transdermal drug delivery is used to reduce drug toxicity, avoid first‐pass metabolism, and reduce fluctuations in drug concentration in the body. Ofloxacin was formulated in a transdermal polymeric formula using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and chitosan at different ratios in the presence of palmitic acid as a permeation enhancer. Physical characterization, drug release and diffusion, drug matrix association, and antimicrobial assay have been investigated using different techniques including HPLC, fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Franz cells diffusion, and UV spectroscopy. Ofloxacin release was successfully accomplished in many polymeric formulas containing a high ratio of HPMC with a maximum drug release of 53%. Formulas selected for antimicrobial assay indicate that sustained release patches have successfully inhibited microbial and biofilm growth with a percentage inhibition of more than 90%. In conclusion, antibiotics can be formulated in transdermal polymeric film to target skin infection and reduce drug toxicity and avoid drug first metabolism for drugs reaching systemic circulation which has a direct influence on drug activity.
Challenges of inclusive schooling for children and adolescents with congenital heart disease: A phenomenological study
Authors: Violant‐Holz Verónica , Muñoz‐Violant Sarah , Rodrigo‐Pedrosa Olga
Published: July 2023

Educational attainment is closely associated with health. The objective is to explore the extent to which children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) are afforded the same educational and socialization opportunities as their healthy peers. We used a qualitative phenomenological design with convenience sampling. Data gathered 27 semistructured interviews: children with CHD (n = 9), parents (n = 10), and professionals (n = 8) in Catalonia, Spain. Interview transcripts were coded using the constant comparative method and analyzed using ATLAS.ti software. The analysis revealed three themes describing the experience of schooling for children with CHD: (1) Empowering and enabling a child with CHD to achieve academically and engage socially is a challenge for parents; (2) Teachers lack the resources and specific skills necessary to meet the diversity needs of children with CHD; (3) Parents and teachers have low expectations regarding the academic achievement of a child with CHD. Further application of the constant comparison method yielded a core theme: (4) Children with CHD experience exclusion from peer group social learning activities. Further efforts are needed for more effective collaboration and coordination between educational and health professionals to provide support for teachers and families and enable children to be better integrated within schools.
Content comparison of the EORTC CAT Core, SF‐36, FACT‐G, and PROMIS role and social functioning measures based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Authors: Pilz Micha J. , Rothmund Maria , Lidington Emma , Piccinin Claire , Arraras Juan I. , Groenvold Mogens , Holzner Bernhard , van Leeuwen Marieke , Petersen Morten Aa. , Schmidt Heike , Young Teresa , Giesinger Johannes M. ,   EORTC Quality of Life Group
Published: July 2023

Objectives

In line with the World Health Organizations' health definition, patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures frequently cover aspects of social health. Our study aimed to evaluate the role functioning (RF) and social functioning (SF) contents assessed by PRO measures commonly used in cancer patients.

Methods

We analysed the item content of the SF and RF domains of the EORTC CAT Core, the EORTC QLQ‐C30, the SF‐36, and the FACT‐G as well as the PROMIS item bank covering the Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities. Following an established methodology we linked item content to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework.

Results

The content of 85 items was assigned to three ICF components (‘Activities and Participation’, ‘Body Functions’, and ‘Environmental Factors’). The EORTC CAT Core RF items were mostly related to the first‐level ICF categories ‘Domestic life’ and ‘Community, social and civic life’, while its SF item bank focused on ‘Interpersonal interactions and relationships’. These three categories were also covered by the PROMIS social participation item bank. The FACT‐G Social/Family scale focused on environmental factors (‘Support and Relationships’ and ‘Attitudes’) while the SF‐36 Role‐physical/emotional scales had a stronger focus on ‘General tasks and demands’ and ‘Major life areas’.

Conclusions

Our results highlight conceptual overlap and differences among PRO measures for the assessment of social health in cancer. This information may help to select the most appropriate measure for a specific setting or study purpose and to better understand the possibilities of linking scores across different PRO measures.
Saliva as a noninvasive sampling matrix for therapeutic drug monitoring of intravenous busulfan in Chinese patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A prospective population pharmacokinetic and simulation study
Authors: Xu Baohua , Yang Ting , Zhou Jianxing , Zheng You , Wang Jingting , Liu Qingxia , Li Dandan , Zhang Yifan , Liu Maobai , Wu Xuemei
Published: July 2023

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of busulfan (BU) is currently performed by plasma sampling in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Saliva samples are considered a noninvasive TDM matrix. Currently, no salivary population pharmacokinetics (PopPKs) model for BU available. This study aimed to develop a PopPK model that can describe the relationship between plasma and saliva kinetics in patients receiving intravenous BU. The performance of the model in predicting the area under the concentration‐time curve at steady state (AUCss) based on saliva samples is evaluated. Sixty‐six patients with HSCT were recruited and administered 0.8 mg/kg BU intravenously. A PopPK model for saliva and plasma was developed using the nonlinear mixed effects model. Bayesian maximum a posteriori (MAP) optimization was used to estimate the model's predictive performance. Plasma and saliva PKs were adequately described with a one‐compartment model and a scaled central compartment. Body surface area correlated positively with both clearance and apparent volume of distribution (Vd), whereas alkaline phosphatase correlated negatively with Vd. Simulations demonstrated that the percentage root mean squared prediction error and lower and upper limits of agreements reduced to 10.02% and −16.96% to 22.86% based on five saliva samples. Saliva can be used as an alternative matrix to plasma in TDM of BU. The AUCsscan be predicted from saliva concentration by Bayesian MAP optimization, which can be used to design personalized dosing for BU.
Optoelectronic Characterization of 2D Graphene‐Based Heterostructures: Gr/MoS2 and Gr/WS2
Authors: Arcos David , Nuño Daniel , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Eom Jonghwa , Ametller Lluís , Ferrer-Anglada Núria
Published: July 2023

In this research, it is aimed to obtain and to compare the electrical conductivity and the transmittance of two graphene (Gr)‐based heterostructures: Gr/WS2 and Gr/MoS2 on quartz. Raman spectroscopy is used to analyze the quality of the samples before and after the measurements. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy in transmission mode is used as a nondestructive technique to obtain the surface conductivity and the transmittance in the frequency range [0.2, 1.6] THz. The transmittance values obtained for both samples are similar, whereas the surface conductivity of Gr/WS2 is higher than the one of Gr/MoS2 and both are higher than the conductivity values obtained for individual homogeneous layers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV–Vis spectroscopies are used to obtain the optical transmittance and to evaluate the behavior of each layer in the frequency ranges [90, 180] and [300, 1200] THz, respectively. In the infrared range, the transmittance of the heterostructures is similar to that of the individual materials, although in the visible range the transmittance is totally dominated by the WS2 and MoS2 layers. These characteristics make these heterostructures good candidates to be used for optoelectronics sensors.
Interface Structure and Doping of Chemical Vapor Deposition‐Grown MoS2 on 4H–SiC by Microscopic Analyses and Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Panasci Salvatore Ethan , Deretzis Ioannis , Schilirò Emanuela , La Magna Antonino , Roccaforte Fabrizio , Koos Antal , Pécz Béla , Agnello Simonpietro , Cannas Marco , Giannazzo Filippo
Published: July 2023

The interface structure and electronic properties of monolayer (1L) MoS2 domains grown by chemical vapor deposition on 4H–SiC(0001) are investigated by microscopic/spectroscopic analyses combined with ab initio calculations. The triangular domains are epitaxially oriented on the (0001) basal plane, with the presence of a van der Waals (vdW) gap between 1L–MoS2 and the SiC terraces. The high crystalline quality of the domains is confirmed by photoluminescence emission. Furthermore, a very low tensile strain (ε ≈ 0.03%) of 1L–MoS2, consistent with the small in‐plane lattice mismatch, and a p‐type doping of (0.45 ± 0.11) × 1013 cm−2, is evaluated by Raman mapping. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the MoS2/4H–SiC(0001) system are also performed, considering different levels of refinement of the model: 1) the simple case of the junction between Si‐terminated SiC and MoS2, showing a covalent bond between the Si–S atoms and n‐type doping of MoS2; 2) the complete passivation of Si dangling bonds with a monolayer (1 ML) of oxygen atoms, resulting in a vdW bond with dSi–S ≈ 3.84 Å bond length and p‐type doping of MoS2; and 3) partial (¼ ML and ½ ML) oxygen coverages of the 4H–SiC surface, resulting in intermediate values of dSi–S and doping behavior.
Plasma TRAIL and ANXA1 in diagnosis and prognostication of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Arvidsson Mattias , Ahmed Abdulla , Säleby Joanna , Ahmed Salaheldin , Hesselstrand Roger , Rådegran Göran
Published: July 2023

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare vasculopathy, with high morbidity and mortality. The sensitivity of the current european society of cardiology/european respiratory society (ESC/ERS) risk assessment strategy may be improved by the addition of biomarkers related to PAH pathophysiology. Such plasma‐borne biomarkers may also reduce time to diagnosis, if used as diagnostic tools in patients with unclear dyspnea, and in guiding treatment decisions. Plasma levels of proteins related to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), inflammation, and immunomodulation were analyzed with proximity extension assays in patients with PAH (n = 48), chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (PH; CTEPH, n = 20), PH due to left heart failure (HF) with preserved (HFpEF‐PH, n = 33), or reduced (HFrEF‐PH, n = 36) ejection fraction, HF without PH (n = 15), and healthy controls (n = 20). TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) were lower in PAH versus the other disease groups and controls (p < 0.0082). In receiver operating characteristics analysis, TRAIL levels identified PAH from the other disease groups with a sensitivity of 0.81 and a specificity of 0.53 [area under the curve: 0.70; (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.61–0.79; p < 0.0001)]. In both single (p < 0.05) and multivariable Cox regression models Annexin A1 (ANXA1) [hazard ratio, HR: 1.0367; (95% CI: 1.0059–1.0684; p = 0.044)] and carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 8 [HR: 1.0603; (95% CI: 1.0004–1.1237; p = 0.0483)] were significant predictors of survival, adjusted for age, female sex and ESC/ERS‐initial risk score. Low plasma TRAIL predicted PAH among patients with dyspnea and differentiated PAH from those with CTEPH, HF with and without PH; and healthy controls. Higher plasma ANXA1 was associated with worse survival in PAH. Larger multicenter studies are encouraged to validate our findings.
Gasless robotic single‐port cholecystectomy using the DaVinci SP system: A feasible way to minimise surgical derangement while obtaining critical view of safety
Authors: Park Sung Eun , Hong Tae Ho
Published: July 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to present our initial experience of gasless robotic single‐port cholecystectomy (RSPC).

Methods

We reviewed 48 patients who underwent gasless RSPC with a da Vinci SP Robotic Surgical System. Demographic data, intra‐operative results, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated.

Results

Gasless RSPC was successfully performed in 48 of 53 patients. Five patients had conversion to standard pressure pneumoperitoneum due to insufficient surgical space (n = 3), GB perforation (n = 1), or bleeding during surgery (n = 1). The mean whole operation time was 53.6 ± 17.2 min. No patients complained of postoperative shoulder pain or had any postoperative complications. The average hospital stay was 2.1 ± 0.3 days.

Conclusion

Gasless RSPC is feasible and safe. The unique features of an SP robotic platform allow surgeons to perform safely in an incapacious surgical space. However, this procedure is currently only possible for highly selected patients.