bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drivers of the fungal spore bioaerosol budget: observational analysis and global modeling
Authors: Janssen Ruud H. H. , Heald Colette L. , Steiner Allison L. , Perring Anne E. , Huffman J. Alex , Robinson Ellis S. , Twohy Cynthia H. , Ziemba Luke D.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Bioaerosols are produced by biological processes and directly emitted into
the atmosphere, where they contribute to ice nucleation and the formation of
precipitation. Previous studies have suggested that fungal spores constitute
a substantial portion of the atmospheric bioaerosol budget. However, our
understanding of what controls the emission and burden of fungal spores on
the global scale is limited. Here, we use a previously unexplored source of
fungal spore count data from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and
Immunology (AAAAI) to gain insight into the drivers of their emissions.
First, we derive emissions from observed concentrations at 66 stations by
applying the boundary layer equilibrium assumption. We estimate an annual
mean emission of 62 ± 31 m−2 s−1 across the USA. Based on
these pseudo-observed emissions, we derive two models for fungal spore
emissions at seasonal scales: a statistical model, which links fungal spore
emissions to meteorological variables that show similar seasonal cycles (2 m
specific humidity, leaf area index and friction velocity), and a population
model, which describes the growth of fungi and the emission of their spores
as a biological process that is driven by temperature and biomass density.
Both models show better skill at reproducing the seasonal cycle in fungal
spore emissions at the AAAAI stations than the model previously developed by
Heald and Spracklen (2009) (referred to as HS09). We implement all three
emissions models in the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem to evaluate
global emissions and burden of fungal spore bioaerosol. We estimate annual
global emissions of 3.7 and 3.4 Tg yr−1 for the statistical model and
the population model, respectively, which is about an order of magnitude
lower than the HS09 model. The global burden of the statistical and the
population model is similarly an order of magnitude lower than that of the
HS09 model. A comparison with independent datasets shows that the new models
reproduce the seasonal cycle of fluorescent biological aerosol particle
(FBAP) concentrations at two locations in Europe somewhat better than the
HS09 model, although a quantitative comparison is hindered by the ambiguity
in interpreting measurements of fluorescent particles. Observed vertical
profiles of FBAP show that the convective transport of spores over source
regions is captured well by GEOS-Chem, irrespective of which emission scheme
is used. However, over the North Atlantic, far from significant spore
sources, the model does not reproduce the vertical profiles. This points to
the need for further exploration of the transport, cloud processing and wet
removal of spores. In addition, more long-term observational datasets are
needed to assess whether drivers of seasonal fungal spore emissions are
similar across continents and biomes.
Relative sky radiance from multi-exposure all-sky camera images
Authors: Antuña-Sánchez Juan C. , Román Roberto , Cachorro Victoria E. , Toledano Carlos , López César , González Ramiro , Mateos David , Calle Abel , de Frutos Ángel M.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. All-sky cameras are frequently used to detect cloud cover; however, this work explores the use of
these instruments for the more complex purpose of extracting relative sky radiances. An all-sky
camera (SONA202-NF model) with three colour filters narrower than usual for this kind of cameras
is configured to capture raw images at seven exposure times. A detailed camera characterization of
the black level, readout noise, hot pixels and linear response is carried out. A methodology is
proposed to obtain a linear high dynamic range (HDR) image and its uncertainty, which represents
the relative sky radiance (in arbitrary units) maps at three effective wavelengths. The relative
sky radiances are extracted from these maps and normalized by dividing every radiance of one channel
by the sum of all radiances at this channel. Then, the normalized radiances are compared with the
sky radiance measured at different sky points by a sun and sky photometer belonging to the Aerosol
Robotic Network (AERONET). The camera radiances correlate with photometer ones except for
scattering angles below 10∘, which is probably due to some light reflections on the
fisheye lens and camera dome. Camera and photometer wavelengths are not coincident; hence, camera
radiances are also compared with sky radiances simulated by a radiative transfer model at the same
camera effective wavelengths. This comparison reveals an uncertainty on the normalized camera
radiances of about 3.3 %, 4.3 % and 5.3 % for 467, 536 and 605 nm, respectively,
if specific quality criteria are applied.
Understanding the effect of fire on vegetation composition and gross primary production in a semi-arid shrubland ecosystem using the Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) model
Authors: Pandit Karun , Dashti Hamid , Hudak Andrew T. , Glenn Nancy F. , Flores Alejandro N. , Shinneman Douglas J.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Wildfires in sagebrush (Artemisia spp.)-dominated semi-arid ecosystems in the western United States have increased dramatically in frequency and severity in the last few decades. Severe wildfires often lead to the loss of native sagebrush communities and change the biogeochemical conditions which make it difficult for sagebrush to regenerate. Invasion of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) accentuates the problem by making the ecosystem more susceptible to frequent burns. Managers have implemented several techniques to cope with the cheatgrass–fire cycle, ranging from controlling undesirable fire effects by removing fuel loads either mechanically or via prescribed burns to seeding the fire-affected areas with shrubs and native perennial forbs. There have been a number of studies at local scales to understand the direct impacts of wildfire on vegetation; however there is a larger gap in understanding these impacts at broad spatial and temporal scales. This need highlights the importance of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) and remote sensing. In this study, we explored the influence of fire on vegetation composition and gross primary production (GPP) in the sagebrush ecosystem using the Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) model, a dynamic global vegetation model. We selected the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) to run our simulation study, an intensively monitored sagebrush-dominated ecosystem in the northern Great Basin. We ran point-based simulations at four existing flux tower sites in the study area for a total of 150 years after turning on the fire module in the 25th year. Results suggest dominance of shrubs in a non-fire scenario; however under the fire scenario we observed contrasting phases of high and low shrub density and C3 grass growth. Regional model simulations showed a gradual decline in GPP for fire-introduced areas through the initial couple of years instead of killing all the vegetation in the affected area in the first year itself. We also compared the results from EDv2.2 with satellite-derived GPP estimates for the areas in the RCEW burned by a wildfire in 2015 (Soda Fire). We observed moderate pixel-level correlations between maps of post-fire recovery EDv2.2 GPP and MODIS-derived GPP. This study contributes to understanding the application of ecosystem models to investigate temporal dynamics of vegetation under alternative fire regimes and post-fire ecosystem restoration.
Facility-scale inventory of dairy methane emissions in California: implications for mitigation
Authors: Marklein Alison R. , Meyer Deanne , Fischer Marc L. , Jeong Seongeun , Rafiq Talha , Carr Michelle , Hopkins Francesca M.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Dairies emit roughly half of total methane (CH4) emissions in
California, generating CH4 from both enteric fermentation by ruminant
gut microbes and anaerobic decomposition of manure. Representation of these
emission processes is essential for management and mitigation of CH4
emissions and is typically done using standardized emission factors applied
at large spatial scales (e.g., state level). However, CH4-emitting
activities and management decisions vary across facilities, and current
inventories do not have sufficiently high spatial resolution to capture
changes at this scale. Here, we develop a spatially explicit database of
dairies in California, with information from operating permits and
California-specific reports detailing herd demographics and manure
management at the facility scale. We calculated manure management and
enteric fermentation CH4 emissions using two previously published
bottom-up approaches and a new farm-specific calculation developed in this
work. We also estimate the effect of mitigation strategies – the use of
mechanical separators and installation of anaerobic digesters – on CH4
emissions. We predict that implementation of digesters at the 106 dairies
that are existing or planned in California will reduce manure CH4
emissions from those facilities by an average of 26 % and total state
CH4 emissions by 5 % (or ∼36.5 Gg CH4/yr). In
addition to serving as a planning tool for mitigation, this database is
useful as a prior for atmospheric observation-based emissions estimates,
attribution of emissions to a specific facility, and validation of CH4
emissions reductions from management changes. Raster files of the datasets
and associated metadata are available from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Distributed Active Archive Center for Biogeochemical Dynamics (ORNL DAAC;
Marklein and Hopkins, 2020; https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1814).
Basal traction mainly dictated by hard-bed physics over grounded regions of Greenland
Authors: Maier Nathan , Gimbert Florent , Gillet-Chaulet Fabien , Gilbert Adrien
Published: March 2021

Abstract. On glaciers and ice sheets, identifying the relationship between
velocity and traction is critical to constrain the bed physics that controls
ice flow. Yet in Greenland, these relationships remain unquantified. We
determine the spatial relationship between velocity and traction in all
eight major drainage catchments of Greenland. The basal traction is
estimated using three different methods over large grid cells to minimize
interpretation biases associated with unconstrained rheologic parameters
used in numerical inversions. We find the relationships are consistent with
our current understanding of basal physics in each catchment. We identify
catchments that predominantly show Mohr–Coulomb-like behavior typical of
deforming beds or significant cavitation, as well as catchments that
predominantly show rate-strengthening behavior typical of Weertman-type
hard-bed physics. Overall, the traction relationships suggest that the flow
field and surface geometry of the grounded regions in Greenland is mainly
dictated by Weertman-type hard-bed physics up to velocities of approximately
450 m yr−1, except within the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream and areas near
floatation. Depending on the catchment, behavior of the fastest-flowing ice
(∼ 1000 m yr−1) directly inland from marine-terminating outlets
exhibits Weertman-type rate strengthening, Mohr–Coulomb-like behavior, or is
not confidently resolved given our methodology. Given the complex basal
boundary across Greenland, the relationships are captured reasonably well by
simple traction laws which provide a parameterization that can be used to
model ice dynamics at large scales. The results and analysis serve as a
first constraint on the physics of basal motion over the grounded regions of
Greenland and provide unique insight into future dynamics and
vulnerabilities in a warming climate.
Representation by two climate models of the dynamical and diabatic processes involved in the development of an explosively deepening cyclone during NAWDEX
Authors: Flack David L. A. , Rivière Gwendal , Musat Ionela , Roehrig Romain , Bony Sandrine , Delanoë Julien , Cazenave Quitterie , Pelon Jacques
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The dynamical and microphysical properties of a well-observed cyclone from the North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment (NAWDEX), called the Stalactite cyclone and corresponding to intensive observation period 6, is examined using two atmospheric components (ARPEGE-Climat 6.3 and LMDZ6A) of the global climate models CNRM-CM6-1 and IPSL-CM6A, respectively. The hindcasts are performed in “weather forecast mode”, run at approximately 150–200 km (low resolution, LR) and approximately 50 km (high resolution, HR) grid spacings, and initialised during the initiation stage of the cyclone. Cyclogenesis results from the merging of two relative vorticity maxima at low levels: one associated with a diabatic Rossby vortex (DRV) and the other initiated by baroclinic interaction with a pre-existing upper-level potential vorticity (PV) cut-off. All hindcasts produce (to some extent) a DRV. However, the second vorticity maximum is almost absent in LR hindcasts because of an underestimated upper-level PV cut-off. The evolution of the cyclone is examined via the quasi-geostrophic ω equation which separates the diabatic heating component from the dynamical one. In contrast to some previous studies, there is no change in the relative importance of diabatic heating with increased resolution. The analysis shows that LMDZ6A produces stronger diabatic heating compared to ARPEGE-Climat 6.3. Hindcasts initialised during the mature stage of the cyclone are compared with airborne remote-sensing measurements. There is an underestimation of the ice water content in the model compared to the one retrieved from radar-lidar measurements. Consistent with the increased heating rate in LMDZ6A compared to ARPEGE-Climat 6.3, the sum of liquid and ice water contents is higher in LMDZ6A than ARPEGE-Climat 6.3 and, in that sense, LMDZ6A is closer to the observations. However, LMDZ6A strongly overestimates the fraction of super-cooled liquid compared to the observations by a factor of approximately 50.
Power fluctuations in high-installation- density offshore wind fleets
Authors: Murcia Leon Juan Pablo , Koivisto Matti Juhani , Sørensen Poul , Magnant Philippe
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Detailed simulation of wind generation as driven by weather patterns is required to quantify the impact on the electrical grid of the power fluctuations in offshore wind power fleets. This paper focuses on studying the power fluctuations of high-installation-density offshore fleets since they present a growing challenge to the operation and planning of power systems in Europe. The Belgian offshore fleet is studied because it has the highest density of installation in Europe by 2020, and a new extension is expected to be fully operational by 2028. Different stages of the future installed capacity, turbine technology, and turbine storm shutdown technologies are examined and compared. This paper analyzes the distribution of power fluctuations both overall and during high wind speeds. The simulations presented in this paper use a new Student t-distributed wind speed fluctuation model that captures the missing spectra from the weather reanalysis simulations. An updated plant storm shutdown model captures the plant behavior of modern high-wind-speed turbine operation. Detailed wake modeling is carried out using a calibrated engineering wake model to capture the Belgium offshore fleet and its tight farm-to-farm spacing. Long generation time series based on 37 years of historical weather data in 5 min resolution are simulated to quantify the extreme fleet-level power fluctuations. The model validation with respect to the operational data of the 2018 fleet shows that the methodology presented in this paper can capture the distribution of wind power and its spatiotemporal characteristics. The results show that the standardized generation ramps are expected to be reduced towards the 4.4 GW of installations due to the larger distances between plants. The most extreme power fluctuations occur during high wind speeds, with large ramp-downs occurring in extreme storm events. Extreme ramp-downs are mitigated using modern turbine storm shutdown technologies, while extreme ramp-ups can be mitigated by the system operator. Extreme ramping events also occur at below-rated wind speeds, but mitigation of such ramping events remains a challenge for transmission system operators.
Assessment of Kangaroo Mother Care Services and identifying its Implementation Bottlenecks: Situational Analysis of Special New Born Care Units in Gujarat State of India
Authors: Vani Shashi , Gaonkar Narayan , Dholakia N.B. , Singh Uday Shankar , Solanki Rajanikant
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) and optimal feeding in Low Birth Weight (LBW) infants are evidence based cost effective interventions which if properly implemented across all facilities can help to save millions of newborn. The study, focussing on status of KMC services in Gujarat State, has not been conducted so far. Objectives: The intent of present study was to ascertain the infrastructure, facilities, policies and practices related to Kangaroo Mother Care at special newborn care units (SNCUs) of various regions of Gujarat and to suggest strategies for effective delivery of KMC services. Methods: A pre tested, semi structured and validated questionnaire including general information about SNCU, baseline data about KMC protocols and practices of each SNCU etc. was developed. The information was collected from all 40 Special Newborn Care Units (SNCUs) of Gujarat State of India.The data analysis was performed using EpiInfo 7 Statistical Software developed by Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta. Simple frequency tables were used for analysis. Results: About 81% of the facilities reported that newborns with birth weight less than 2000 grams, either stable or with non-serious medical conditions were eligible for receiving KMC. None of the facilities were providing continuous KMC more than 12 hours. Thirty (81.08%) SNCUs had an earmarked space for performing KMC either in the form of separate ward or identified corner in the ward. Conclusion: The present study revealed inadequate Kangaroo Mother Care services in selected newborn care units of Gujarat State of India. The services, especially basic facilities like drinking water, food, toilet and hand washing was not available in some of the facility.
Daily Versus Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation Regimen- A Randomized Parallel Open Label Trial among Reproductive Age Group Women in an Urban Poor Locality of Bengaluru
Authors: P Vairavasolai , Srikanth Jayanthi , M Madhusudan
Published: March 2021

Introduction:The global prevalence of anaemia in non-pregnant women is 30.2% and in India it is 56.2%.At least half the burden of anaemia is associated with iron deficiency. Women of reproductive age are at higher risk of developing iron deficiency because of losses during menstruation. Though Daily supplementation with iron and folic acid for a period of 3 months has been the standard as an approach for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anaemia among women of reproductive age, there has been limited success with the daily regimen in public health programmes, Intermittent use of oral iron supplements has been proposed as an effective alternative. Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of weekly and daily oral iron and folic acid therapy in improving the Hemoglobin levels among the reproductive age group women, adverse effects and compliance to both the regimens. Method:This was a comparative Randomized parallel open label trial conducted in an urban poor locality of Bengaluru conducted between January 2014 and January 2016. All the women in the reproductive age group (15-45 years) with mild to moderate anemia were included in the study. Sample size of 106 subjects was randomly allocated into the 2 groups (53 into weekly regimen and 53 into daily regimen). The subjects were supplemented with IFA tablets for 3 months according to their regimen. Results:Mean increase in Haemoglobin (Hb) in the daily group (1.92±1.1 g/dl) was significantly (P=<0.01) more when compared to that in the weekly group (0.91±0.82 g/dl). Incidence of all the Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) were more in the daily group compared to weekly group. However, the difference was only significant for abdominal pain and metallic taste (P=<0.01 and 0.02 respectively). The proportion of subjects reporting at least one ADR was also significantly more (P=<0.01) in the daily group compared to the weekly group. Compliance for weekly regimen (97.12%) was found to be significantly better(P=<0.01) when compared to that of the daily regimen (94.07%). Conclusions: Daily regimen was more effective in raising the hemoglobin levels when compared to weekly regimen. Incidence of abdominal pain and metallic taste were significantly more in the daily group compared to weekly group. Compliance for weekly regimen was significantly better when compared to that of the daily regimen.
Mid-Level Health Providers- their perceptions and background knowledge pertaining to Comprehensive Primary Health Care and Health and Wellness Center
Authors: Shah Hitesh , Solanky Priti , Kapadia Rachana , Nayak Sunil
Published: March 2021

Introduction: To achieve universal health coverage, concept of Health and Wellness Center (HWC) was given under Ayushman Bharat. For providing health care services through HWC, cadre of Mid-Level Health Provider (MLHP) is introduced who would be leading primary health care team at HWC. Objective: This study was undertaken with objective to assess the factors favoring to join this course and baseline knowledge of Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) and Health and Wellness Center (HWC) among course candidates Method: It was a cross sectional study conducted among candidates of certificate course in community health at PSC (Program Study Center) of Medical College at South Gujarat through self-administered semi-structured Performa. Results:Career changing opportunity was considered as a major factor to pursue CCCH course and obtaining MLHP position at HWC. Accessibility of HWC and role in advocacy generation were perceived major needs for it in community. Preventive, Promotive and Curative functions were mentioned as functions of HWC and geographical accessibility with delivery of functions in effective manner were perceived as chief characters of ideal HWC. Along with these, they mentionedcleanliness of center, community involvement and client satisfaction as its other characters. Conclusion and Recommendations:Baseline knowledge of the candidates pertaining to need, functions and ideal HWC was found almost satisfactory but it needed reinforcement and clarity. These results should be used for proper planning of curriculum and implementation of CCCH course to fulfill gaps in knowledge. We recommend that similar exercise should be carried out at all PSCs for effective implementation of course curriculum.
Vectors and vector-borne diseases in Qatar: current status, key challenges and future prospects
Authors: Schaffner F. , Bansal D. , Mardini K. , Al-Marri S.A. , Al-Thani M.H.J. , Al-Romaihi H. , Sultan A.A. , Al-Hajri M. , Farag E.A.B.A.
Published: March 2021

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) have re-emerged worldwide due to urbanisation, increase in travel and climate change, becoming a major and serious threat to global public health. In Qatar, the concern has recently risen because of the attribution of the soccer 2022 FIFA World Cup Qatar™, which necessitates fulfilling requirements in terms of prevention and preparedness for disease transmission, including VBDs. This review presents a general overview about current status of vectors and VBDs in Qatar and addresses key challenges and future prospects of control programmes and strategies. It is based on a vector control situation analysis and needs assessment performed during an expert mission in Qatar, November 2017, organised by the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office and achieved in collaboration with the Ministry of Public Health of Qatar and other local stakeholders. The situation of vectors and VBDs of public health importance in Qatar was analysed based on a systematic literature review by December 31, 2019. The literature reveals that no locally transmitted VBD cases have been recorded in Qatar, but cases were recorded among expatriate workers and travellers who returned from an endemic country. However, data on VBD cases remain scarce except for malaria. The presence of native arthropod vectors is under-recorded to date. A compilation of literature data revealed reports of 30 vector species, including 20 mosquitoes, 2 fleas, 1 louse, 1 fly, and 6 ticks. Overall, Qatar benefits currently from a good surveillance of some VBDs (malaria) and has some capacities in vector control, but no national plan exists, and vector surveillance is in its infancy. In Qatar, clear needs exist in capacity in epidemiology and vector entomology, as well as on the organisational level, and a number of measures are suggested to mitigate and improve VBD risk assessment and management. There is an urgent need to define sustainable solutions for VBD control, management and prevention, and a number of recommendations are suggested.
Heidegger’s Presentational Strategies:
Authors:   Instructor, Department of English, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, Hassan Raza , University Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Drawing upon the interpretations of Martin Heidegger’sBeing and Timeoffered by the favorable commentators such as Hubert Dreyfus, Robert Dostal, Harrison Hall, and Charles Taylor, this paper responds to Heidegger’s unsympathetic commentator Herman Philipse’s critical interpretation of Being and Time(Sections 12-18 of Division I) and shows the validity of Heidegger’s claim for the ontological priority of the practical world over the theoretical world. This has been done by showing that the practical world where readiness-to-hand is the norm, emerges from a self-correcting,transient originary situation where readiness-to-hand is primordial to us while we arrive at the theoretical aspect of presence-at-hand when we encounter the unreadiness-to-hand. This paper also shows that Heidegger’s text is coherent and consistent. Thishas been done by looking at the structure of Heidegger’s presentational strategies and by making links explicit in them. We have also looked afresh at how he defines certain pivotal elements of his practical world and their relationship with each other.
KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS PROSEDUR SISWA KELAS X OTKP SMK NEGERI 1 MUARA BUNGO KABUPATEN BUNGO
Authors: BAGYO SU
Published: March 2021

“Kemampuan menulis Teks Prosedur SMK Negeri 1 Muara Bungo”. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Mata Peajaran Bahasa Indonesia, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan kemampuan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas X, (2) mendeskripsikan kemampuan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas X pada aspek isi; (3) mendeskripsikan kemampuan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas X pada aspek struktur; (4) mendeskripsikan kemampuan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas X pada aspek kaidah penulisan; (5) mendeskripsikan kemampuan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas X pada aspek ciri kebahasaan. jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yaitu penelitian yang menghasilkan bentuk angka-angka untuk mengukur kemampuan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas X OTKP SMK Negeri 1 Muara Bungo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa kelas X OTKP SMK Negeri 1 Muara Bungo memperoleh nilai rata-rata 80,54 dengan persentase 77,41% yaitu mampu menulis teks prosedur. pada aspek isi, nilai rata-rata siswa sampel berada dalam kategori mampu dengan nilai 86,29. Pada aspek struktur, nilai rata-rata siswa smapel berada dalam kategori mampu dengan nilai 85,48. Pada aspek kaidah penulisan, nilai rata-rata siswa sampel berada dalam kategori cukup dengan nilai 73,79, dan pada aspek ciri kebahasaan, nilai rata-rata siswa sampel berada dalam kategori cukup dengan nilai 77,01.
MEMBANGUN BUDAYA ORGANISASI
Authors: Nafis Hasnan
Published: March 2021

Kajian terhadap keserasian budaya organisasi juga menjamin peran budaya organisasi sebagai sarana untuk menentukan arah organisasi, menginstruksikan apa yang boleh dan tidak boleh dilakukan, bagaimana mengelola alokasi sumber daya organisasi serta sebagai sarana untuk menghadapi peluang dan masalah yang masuk dari lingkungan organisasi, terutama kekuatan yang berasal dari nilai-nilai dasar organisasi.
تقييم الخطط والمقترحات التي تم اللجوء إليها لمعالجة أزمة الديون السيادية في أوروبا
Authors:   دكتوراه في إدارة الأعمال، مدرس سابقا في جامعة حلب، سوريا, صوراني عبد الرحمن , بليلو جمال ,   أستاذ مساعد في إدارة الأعمال، كلية الإدارة والاقتصاد، جامعة ادلب، سوريا
Published: March 2021

مرت أوربا خلال عام 2009 بأسوأ أزمة مالية عصفت بها منذ الحرب العالمية الثانية حسب ما اعترف به محافظ البنك المركزي الأوربي، حيث ارتبطت هذه الأزمة بجوهر الأزمة الاقتصادية التي تنخر الاقتصاد الرأسمالي والتي تعتبر جزء من الأزمة العالمية التي شهدها الاقتصاد العالمي منذ عدة سنوات، لقد ألقى الكثير من الاقتصاديين بالمسؤولية على الدول ذات المديونية العالية التي كانت من الأسباب الرئيسية لهذه الأزمة، حيث لجأت هذه الدول الى الاسراف في الاقتراض شجعها في ذلك انخفاض سعر الفائدة ليصل الى حد يهدد بافلاسها وانهيار منطقة اليورو بأكملها ، لذلك أعلن قادة الاتحاد الأوربي عددا من المبادرات والاقتراحات وخطط التقشف لاحتواء الأزمة ، حيث سعوا من خلال خطط الإنقاذ الى مساعدة الدول الضعيفة اقتصاديا في أوربا كاليونان والبرتغال وايرلندا، وسارعوا الى انشاء صندوق انقاذ اختلفت بشأنه أكبر اقتصادات القارة، وفي هذا البحث سيتم تقييم الخطط و المقترحات التي تم اللجوء اليها من أجل معالجة هذه الأزمة من وجهة نظر أساتذة الشريعة والاقتصاد الإسلامي وأساتذة العلوم المالية والخبراء الماليين المقيمين في سوريا وتركيا.
Spread of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Our Hospital: Investigation of Molecular Typing and Clonal Relationship
Authors: Kiş Reyhan , Demiray Gündüz Ebru , Sarı Ayşe Nur , Gülay Zeynep
Published: March 2021

Objective: Carbapenem resistance has been reported with increasing frequency among members of Enterobacterales, especially in the last 10 years. Screening and detection of carbapenemase-producing isolates is important in terms of both directing the treatment and preventing its spread. In our study, it was aimed to determine the carbapenemase types and molecular epidemiological relationships of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, which were isolated sequentially from the samples sent to microbiology laboratory of our hospital. Method: A total of 32 carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates of the samples sent to microbiology laboratory between July and September 2014, were included in the study. In addition to classical methods, identification of isolates at species level was made with BD Phoenix ID/AST automated system. Carbapenemase types (blaOXA-48, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaKPC, blaVIM and blaGES) of the isolates were investigated by PCR. The clonal relationship between the isolates was assessed with PFGE. Results: It was noted that 18 isolates were obtained from intensive care units, 9 from inpatient and 5 from outpatient departments. The blaOXA48 gene was found in all isolates while the other carbapenemase genes were not found. It was determined that strains were isolated from 32 patients in our hospital had 12 different PFGE pulsotypes, named as A-L. Among these, the most common ones were B (n=18) and closely related B1 pattern (n=2). The remaining isolates were represented by 11 different types. It was observed that the first isolate with B pulsotype was responsible for the spread of the outbreak from General Intensive Care Unit. Conclusion: It has been thought that the spread of carbapenem- resistant K. pneumoniae isolates in the hospital was probably occurred through the transfer of isolates from patients with gastrointestinal colonization to other patients through hospital staff. Therefore, the spread of the isolates in hospitals can be limited by detecting colonization with active surveillance programs and by applying contact isolation and effective infection control measures.
Comparative Effect Of Tetrapack Juices And Fresh Fruit Juices On Blood Glucose Level Among Healthy Individuals
Authors: Manzoor Junaid , Kamran Hafsa , Shakeel Anum
Published: March 2021

Uses of tetra pack juices enhances the risk of diabetes and obesity. People were unaware of impact offresh fruit juices on health.Objective:To compare the effect of tetra pack juices and fresh fruit juiceson blood glucoselevels among healthy individuals Methods:10 participants were selected using aninternationalstandard Glycemic Index (GI) test protocol. After getting their fasting blood sampletheywereinstructed to consume all the juice served in a period of 5 min. Further blood samples were takenat different intervals of time that is 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes after consumption. Participantswereremained sedentaryduring each session. Blood was obtained by finger-prick and tested by theglucometer.Results:The glycemic index of Apple juice Nestle has the glycemic index of 95.87,Orangejuice Nestle has the GI value 93.78, Apple juice fresh has the GI value of 92.17 and Orangejuice freshhas the glycemic index value of 99.07, respectively Conclusions:Detailed study of glycemic index oftetrapack juices (Nestle Apple and Orangejuice) and fresh fruit juices (Apple and Orange juice) showedsimilar impact on the blood glucose level of healthy individual. In the study, both types of juices were foundto be equally hyperglycemic (GI 70+) causing a fast rise in blood-sugar levels, hence should not be given todiabetic patients.
Efficacy of Atorvastatin Plus Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin Versus Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin Alone in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients with Genotype-3a
Authors: Gulzar Waqas , Niaz Zafar , Mumtaz Sami Ullah , Iqtadar Somia , Komal Tayyeba , AbaidUllah Sajid
Published: March 2021

Chronic hepatitis C infection has created a huge burden of disease causing serious healtheffects. The combination therapy used to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection includes Pegylatedinterferon and Ribavirin. As cholesterol biosynthesis plays a pivotal role in HCV replication, the use ofvarious statins has been associated with higher sustained viral response Objective: To compare theefficacy of atorvastatin plus pegylated interferon and ribavirin versus pegylated interferon and ribavirinalone in patients of chronic hepatitis C with genotype-3a Methods: This Randomized controlled trial wasconducted at outpatient department, Mayo Hospital Lahore for six months i.e. May to November 2017.After ethical approval, 60 patients of ages 25 to 55 years of either gender with chronic hepatitis C withgenotype 3a were included in the study. Informed consent was taken from all patients. Then patients wererandomly allocated into two groups “A” and “B” using random number table. Patients in Group A receivedstandard of care treatment for chronic hepatitis C i.e. pegylated interferon and ribavirin while the patientsin Group B also received tab atorvastatin along with the standard treatment. Patients were follow up for 4week. Blood samples were collected and HCV RNA detection. All this information were entered inproforma Results: In standard therapy group, the mean age of patients was 39.50±8.39years. Inatorvastatin plus standard therapy group, the mean age of patients was 34.30±6.78years. In standardtherapy group, there were 25 (83.3%) males and 5 (16.7%) females. In atorvastatin plus standard therapygroup, there were 16 (53.3%) males and 14 (46.7%) females. After 4 weeks, Rapid Virological Response(RVR) was achieved in 4 (13.3%) patients in standard therapy group while in 14 (46.7%) in atorvastatin plusstandard therapy group. The difference was significant (p<0.05) Conclusions: Atorvastatin incombination with Pegylated interferon and ribavirin have better efficacy as compared to Pegylatedinterferon & ribavirin alone in chronic hepatitis C-3a.
Assessment of Dietary Behavior of Children Aged between 3-12 Years Suffering from Thalassemia Visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals, Lahore
Authors: Shehryar Mehvish , Aslam Maria , Sohail Namrah , Qadeer Saman , Tariq Tooba
Published: March 2021

Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder passed down through families in which the body makeshemoglobin in an abnormal form. Nutritional deficiencies in thalassemia children results in anemia andother medical complications. Objective: To assess dietary behavior of children aged between 3-12 yearssuffering from thalassemia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the outdoor patientdepartment of thalassemia at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore for 4 months.100 patients were selectedthrough non probability sampling technique. Data was tabulated and analyzed by SPSS version 21.0.Results: Thalassemia was more prevalent in the age group of 8-12 years. Nutritional deficiencies inthalassemia patients caused anemia as it was evident from results that 74% of thalassemic children hadpale skin. As far as dietary intake was concerned only 4% of thalassemia children were consuming meatand meat products.58% of thalassemia children consumed milk on daily basis. Only 8% took green leafyvegetables on daily basis as it contains high amount of iron. Micro nutrient deficiencies as vitamin A, Cwere common among thalassemia patients as only 30% were consuming fruits on daily basis.Conclusions: Most of the thalassemiacchildren were found to be malnourished due to inadequatedietary intake. The caregivers and parents should be counseled to create awareness
Effect of Storage on Physio-Chemical Properties of Peanut Yogurt
Authors: Abbas Naukhaiz , Sharmeen Zainab , Bashir Shahid , Arshad Misbah , Mazhar Zargham
Published: March 2021

Peanuts may be consumed in a variety of processed forms like roasted, raw and processed etc. andrepresent as a multimillion dollar crop worldwide with many potential dietary benefits as it contains highprotein and health effective oils. Objective: The present investigation was planned to evaluate thephysio-chemical properties of peanut milk yogurt by the addition of different concentration of peanut milk(0 %, 10 %, 20 % and 30 %), skimmed milk liquid (60 %, 70 %, 80 %, and 90 %), skimmed milk powder (9 %)and sugar (1 %). Methods: The physio-chemical tests (pH, acidity, moisture, ash, fat, protein, syneresis,and viscosity) were examined after every 5 days of interval for a period of 15 days at 4 ºC. Results: Theresults of physio-chemical analysis revealed that pH, ash, fat, protein and viscosity decrease duringstorage period where as acidity, moisture and rate of syneresis increased during storage. Treatment T1(10 % peanut milk) was comparatively best for manufacturing of peanut milk yogurt followed by T2 (20 %peanut milk + 70 % skimmed milk liquid + 9 % skimmed milk powder + 1 % sugar) while peanut milk yogurtfrom (30 % peanut milk + 60 % skimmed milk liquid + 9 % skimmed milk powder + 1 % sugar) had the lowestdegree of firmness. Conclusions: It was noticed that correlation among fat, total solids and proteincontents in peanut milk affect the extent of serum separation and pH of yogurt. The storage hadsignificant effects on all physio-chemical parameters. Treatments had significant effect on all physiochemicalparameters.
Biological activity of Citrus paradisi peel
Authors: Khalid Amna , Hayee Sara , Nasir Nouman , Khan Habibullah
Published: March 2021

Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit) peel oil has medicinal properties which shows beneficial effects against plantpathogenic fungi Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the antifungal potential ofCitrus paradisi peel oil against different plant pathogenic fungal strains Methods: The essential oil ofGrapefruit peel was provided in different concentrations 0.25 to 0.75ml per 100 ml of media to 3 differentplant pathogenic fungal strains i.e, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Dreschlera tetramera and itseffect on the growth of fungi was recorded Results: The studies provided the results compared with thecontrolled media, which showed the fungal growth was almost completely inhibited at 0.75mlconcentration of oil, even the lower concentration was sufficient to retard the growth Conclusions: Thestudy provided the blue print for fungicidal spray to cure serious diseases in plants, such as, rice blast,papaya fruit rot, seedling collar rot and wilt diseases.
Phase-dependent expression profiling and quantification of several growth factors in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Hussain Adeela , Ali Gibran , Afzal Muhammad Awais , Tayyeb Asima , Tariq Muhammad Akram , Akram Shehla J , Ahmad Fridoon Jawad , Akram Javed
Published: March 2021

Growth factors are the potential operational members which control different phases of liverregeneration. Different growth factors have expression regulation in the whole process relating todifferent phases of liver regeneration. Objective: To assess the expression regulation of differentgrowth factors and cytokines involved in liver regeneration in a phase-dependent manner. Methods:Blood and liver samples were collected and analyzed on 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th postoperative days after50% Partia hepatectomy (PHx). Results: Steady increase of liver regeneration rate was recorded from90.8% (1st day) to 97.9% (7th day). Liver function tests further confirmed the steady liver recovery in PHxmice. Several growth factors such as HGF and VEGF exhibited an up-regulation till 5th day and latergradual decrease till 14th day compared to control mice. Albumin, CK18 and CK19 showed sequentialexpression increase from 1st to 14th day compared to AFP and HNF-4α upregulated until 5th and 1st day,respectively. Quantification of these growth factors further confirm our results. Conclusions:Conclusively, these results highlight a phase-dependent regulation and role of growth factors in liverregeneration and recovery .
A Sanctus éneklésének történeti háttere a kezdetektől a többszólamúság kialakulásáig. Egyházzene- és liturgiatörténeti visszapillantás
Authors: Diósi Dávid
Published: March 2021

Das Sanctus ist Teil des Eucharistischen Hochgebetes und stellt dort als einer überaus schwungvolle Lob- und Preisgesang, der die Einheit der irdischen und himmlischen Liturgie hervorhebt, die unmittelbare Fortsetzung der Präfation dar. In der folgenden Studie wird der geschichtliche Hintergrund des Sanctus-Gesanges von den Anfängen bis zur Entstehung der mehrstimmigen Musik untersucht. Uns geht es dabei also weniger um die theologische Relevanz dieses Gesanges. Wir gehen eher den Fragen nach: Wer, wie und in welcher Form hat das Sanctus im Laufe der Geschichte gesungen? Welche stilistischen Änderungen hat dieser Gesang im Laufe der Jahrhunderte durchgemacht? Wie und in welche Richtung hat er sich entwickelt?
„Hivassátok a siratóasszonyokat, hadd jöjjenek,… akik jól tudnak sírni!” (Jer 9,16). Halottsiratás az ószövetségi Szentírásban
Authors: Diósi Dávid
Published: March 2021

Am wichtigsten von allen alttestamentlichen Trauergebräuchen war die Totenklage. Zur Klage waren die nahe Verwandten des Toten verpflichtet, denen sich auch die umstehenden Angehörigen anschlossen. Um die Klage kunstvoller und besser auszuführen, überließ man sie oft den berufsmäßigen Klageweibern. Folgende Studie befasst sich nicht mit der Totenklage im Allgemeinen, sondern versucht deren einzelne Elemente (blutig Ritzen, entblößte Brüste der Klagefrauen, Zerreißen der Kleider, Tanz) näher unter die Luppe zu nehmen und zu interpretieren. Wie unsere Analyse zeigen konnte, stehen Fruchtbarkeitskult und Totenkult auch im alttestamentlichen Israel in engem Zusammenhang. Die Klagefrauen mit entblößten Brüsten könnten mit der Fruchtbarkeit in Verbindung gebracht werden. Sie wollten auf diese lebendige Weise die lebensspendende Mutter-Erde darstellen. Die Klagefrauen saßen während der Klage auf dem Boden. Dies deutet ebenfalls auf die Kontaktaufnahme mit der Mutter-Erde hin.
Plázakultúra és egyház. Az olcsó „sikerstratégiák” hiábavalóságáról
Authors: Diósi Dávid
Published: March 2021

Die Einkaufszentren sind heutzutage zu Erlebnis¬zentren, zu Kathedralen des Konsums geworden. Es ist zweifellos eine Welt des subtilen Transzendenz-Surrogats. In diese verschönerte, geschminkte Welt darf nichts Störendes hineinkommen. Hier wird das in sich an¬scheinend stimmige, geschlossene Universum zelebriert. Oft gerät selbst die Kirche in die Versuchung, dass eine solche, schmeichelhafte Weltins¬zenierung auch für sie viel Erfolg verheißen kann. So versucht sie sich möglichst dadurch „menschennah“ zu präsentieren, dass sie einen freundlichen, nur harmlosen, kumpelhaften Gott verkündigt: einen Gott, dem alles gut und schön ist, einen Gott, der die Menschen so annimmt, wie sie sind. Keiner muss sich ändern, sondern im Leben alles genauso weiterlaufen lassen, wie bisher. Wenn einer sich überhaupt ändern soll, dann ist dies Gott. Dieses inzwischen weit verbreitete Verhaltensmuster der Kirche in der Seelsorge und Liturgie wird in der folgenden Studie näher analysiert und bloßgestellt.
Az individualizmus a posztszekuláris társadalomban: nemcsak veszély, hanem esély is!
Authors: Diósi Dávid
Published: March 2021

Der Individualismus ist nicht nur etwas Schlechtes und Gefährliches für die Kirche. In ihm steckt auch viel Gutes, ja Heilsames für die Kirche. In der folgenden Studie geht es vor allem darum die positive Seite des heutigen Individualismus zu thematisieren. Der Individualismus ist ohne Zweifel eine große, ungemütliche Provokation für die Kirche in der Postmoderne, doch zugleich auch eine Chance für deren Erneuerung.
A posztmodern Don Quijote gebe paripájának Virtual Reality Show-ja avagy A virtuális valóság szélmalomharca az ember beteljesüléséért
Authors: Diósi Dávid
Published: March 2021

Unsere Welt verändert sich. Und das ist ohne Zweifel gut so. Die virtuelle Realität beeinflusst immer mehr auch die reale Welt. In vielen Bereichen ist dies sehr hilfreich (z. B. in der Industrie, in der Medizin, beim Militär, sowie in ganz normalen, alltäglichen/ privaten Bereichen, wie bei der Banküberweisung, beim Online-Einkaufen, beim Chatten), doch die VR verbirgt auch viele Gefahren. Der Mensch bewegt sich nämlich in diesen neuen Lebensräumen und wird – oft unwillkürlich – von den Täuschungen dieser Welt nicht bloß beeinflusst, sondern sogar grundlegend verändert. Die virtuelle Gewalt schafft eine gefährliche Scheinwelt. Unsere Gesellschaft ist voll von Schein-Realitäten. Es ist ein ständiger Kampf zwischen Schein und Sein, wo der Schein das Sein selbst wird. Doch die Virtualität ist nicht alles und alles ist nicht virtuell. Es gibt die alles bestimmende Wirklichkeit, die „wirklichste Wirklichkeit” (Hans Küng), die wir Gott nennen. Die Wirklichkeit Gottes kann zwar zum Schweigen gebracht werden, aber sie kann nicht gänzlich vernichtet werden. Früher oder später schreit das Schein-Leben nach dieser Wirklichkeit, nach der Wirklichkeit, die das Sein anspricht und vollendet. Die VR kann die Menschen nicht vollenden. So entpuppt sich die VR als der dürre Gaul von Don Quijote, der das Sein nie zu seinem (endgültigen) Erfüllung verhelfen kann, und ihre Bestrebung für die (ewige) Glückseligkeit der Menschen als ein aussichtloser, vergeblicher Kampf gegen Windmühlen.
FAST DETECTION OF TARGET BASED ON SSD DATASET TRAINING ALGORITHM
Authors: HOU Z. Q. , CHEN C. H. , YU W. S. , LIAO X. F. , WANG J. Y.
Published: March 2021

Edge detection is one of the most basic contents of image processing and analysis. The edge of the image contains the position and contour of the image, which is one of the basic features of the image. The accuracy of the traditional algorithm is not high because of the strong jitter of the target and the larger interference. The key to target edge detection lies in the extraction of effective features, and this can be properly realized with a feature extraction based on the depth-learning algorithm. In this paper, a method of sample synthesis is proposed, which is used for network training and can be used to detect small-scale moving targets in a limited sample space. A large number of experimental tests show that the algorithm can detect small moving target edges, showing high accuracy, real-time performance and strong robustness.