bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Baltic‐Adriatic corridor and the measures of the ÖBB to upgrade the Südbahn line / Die baltisch‐adriatische Achse und die Maßnahmen der ÖBB im Rahmen der neuen Südbahn
Authors: Gschnitzer Heinz
Published: December 2013

The Baltic‐Adriatic Corridor, one of the most important north‐south routes in Europe and the easternmost crossing of the Alps, connects the Baltic with the Adriatic. 455 km of the Baltic‐Adriatic Corridor runs through Austria. Currently it only meets the requirements of an efficient international long distance transport connection in a few stretches. This is due above all to topography: in Austria, the corridor crosses the Alps. In addition, large sections of the line date from the era of the Austro‐Hungarian Empire and only a few sections have been updated since then. Three bottlenecks on Austrian territory in particular massively limit the efficiency of the corridor: the Vienna hub, the crossing of the Semmering and the Neumarkter Sattel, a mountain pass where the railway line bypasses the Graz region in a big loop. To eliminate these bottlenecks in the corridor, Austria is currently pushing ahead with three key projects as well as a number of other construction plans: the Vienna Central Railway Station as a through station, the Semmering Base Tunnel and the Koralmbahn line. But further projects on the Baltic‐Adriatic Corridor are also of great importance for Austria: the Terminal Inzersdorf, the upgrading of the Pottendorfer line, the repair of the line from Mürzzuschlag to Bruck/Mur and the improvement from Bruck/Mur to Graz.

Als eine der wichtigsten Nord‐Süd‐Transversalen Europas und östlichster Alpenübergang verbindet der baltisch‐adriatische Korridor die Ostsee mit der Adria. Davon verlaufen 455 km des baltisch‐adriatischen Korridors in Österreich. Sein heutiger Ausbauzustand entspricht nur abschnittsweise den Anforderungen an eine leistungsfähige internationale Fernverkehrsverbindung. Dies ist vor allem auf die topografische Gegebenheit zurückzuführen: Der Korridor durchquert in Österreich die Alpen. Darüber hinaus stammen große Teile der Trassenführung aus der Zeit der österreichisch‐ungarischen Monarchie und wurden seither nur abschnittsweise auf den neuesten Stand gebracht. Insbesondere schränken drei Engpässe auf österreichischem Staatsgebiet die Leistungsfähigkeit des Korridors massiv ein: der Knoten Wien, die Semmering‐Querung und der Neumarkter Sattel, über den die Strecke überdies den Raum Graz großräumig umfährt. Um diese Engpässe im Korridor zu beheben, forciert Österreich aktuell drei Schlüsselprojekte: den Hauptbahnhof Wien, den Semmering‐Basistunnel und die Koralmbahn. Aber auch weitere Projekte sind im Verlauf der baltisch‐adriatischen Achse von wesentlicher Bedeutung für Österreich: der Terminal Inzersdorf, der Ausbau der Pottendorfer Linie, die Bestandssanierung Mürzzuschlag–Bruck/Mur und die Linienverbesserung Bruck/Mur–Graz.
Studying Effect of Typical Nonplanar Cyclic Alcohols (n = 5‐7) on Micellization of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) in Aqueous Solution and Locating Their Solubilization Site in SDS Micelles
Authors: Wang Tianlin , Zhang Qian , Luo Liqiang , Yang Mengqi , Chen Xu
Published: December 2013

Cyclic alcohols (n = 5‐7) are compounds of distinctive nonplanar structure. Effect of the alcohols on micellization of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in aqueous solution are examined by determining the critical micelle concentration (CMC) by conductometry and the micelle aggregation numbers (Nagg) by fluorometry, respectively. In general, the CMC of SDS decreases with increase in volume of a cyclic alcohol in water and increases further after attaining a minimum value. The Nagg of SDS varies little with small addition of a cyclic alcohol, but decreases when added in sufficient volume. Both the changes of the CMC and Nagg with carbon number in the ring of the alcohols occur irregularly due to their steric reasons and nonplanar nature. The irregularity makes a difference between the cyclic alcohols and their chain counterparts. Based on 1H NMR chemical shift measurements, the cyclic alcohols are found to be solubilized in the palisade layer in SDS micelles.
Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of 5‐Alkyl(aryl)‐3‐[(3‐trifluoromethyl)anilino]‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐imines
Authors: Li Hai‐Bo , Shi De‐Qing
Published: December 2013

A series of novel 5‐alkyl(aryl)‐3‐[(3‐trifluoromethyl)anilino]‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐imines were designed and synthesized by the multistep reactions. 1 reacted with 3‐(trifluoromethyl)aniline to obtain N,S‐acetals 2 in the presence of 10 mol% DBU. 2 reacted with hydrazine to form 5‐amino‐3‐[(3‐trifluoromethyl)anilino]‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐ nitrile 3, the target compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 5l, 5m were obtained by the reaction of 3 with triethyl orthoformate followed by the cyclization of 4 with various amines. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, EI‐MS, and elemental analyses. The preliminary bioassay indicated that some of them displayed moderate herbicidal activity against dicotyledonous weed Brassica campestris L at the concentration of 100 mg/L. For example, compounds 5f, 5g, 5h, and 5j possessed 60.1%, 63.4%, 67.1%, and 61.3% inhibition against Brassica campestris L at the concentration of 100 mg/L.
Fully automatic lesion segmentation in breast MRI using mean‐shift and graph‐cuts on a region adjacency graph
Authors: McClymont Darryl , Mehnert Andrew , Trakic Adnan , Kennedy Dominic , Crozier Stuart
Published: December 2013

Purpose

To present and evaluate a fully automatic method for segmentation (i.e., detection and delineation) of suspicious tissue in breast MRI.

Materials and Methods

The method, based on mean‐shift clustering and graph‐cuts on a region adjacency graph, was developed and its parameters tuned using multimodal (T1, T2, DCE‐MRI) clinical breast MRI data from 35 subjects (training data). It was then tested using two data sets. Test set 1 comprises data for 85 subjects (93 lesions) acquired using the same protocol and scanner system used to acquire the training data. Test set 2 comprises data for eight subjects (nine lesions) acquired using a similar protocol but a different vendor's scanner system. Each lesion was manually delineated in three‐dimensions by an experienced breast radiographer to establish segmentation ground truth. The regions of interest identified by the method were compared with the ground truth and the detection and delineation accuracies quantitatively evaluated.

Results

One hundred percent of the lesions were detected with a mean of 4.5 ± 1.2 false positives per subject. This false‐positive rate is nearly 50% better than previously reported for a fully automatic breast lesion detection system. The median Dice coefficient for Test set 1 was 0.76 (interquartile range, 0.17), and 0.75 (interquartile range, 0.16) for Test set 2.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate the efficacy and accuracy of the proposed method as well as its potential for direct application across different MRI systems. It is (to the authors' knowledge) the first fully automatic method for breast lesion detection and delineation in breast MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:795–804. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New diphtheria toxin repressor types depicted in a Romanian collection of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates
Authors: Dinu Sorin , Damian Maria , Badell Edgar , Dragomirescu Cristiana Cerasella , Guiso Nicole
Published: December 2013

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the etiological agent of diphtheria, a potential fatal disease caused by a corynephage toxin. The expression of this diphtheria toxin is controlled via an iron‐dependent repressor with various functions (DtxR). Some mutations in the dtxR gene are associated with diminished activity or even with total loss of DtxR function. We conducted a molecular study to characterize the dtxR alleles harbored by 34 isolates of C. diphtheriae recovered from Romanian patients between 1961 and 2007. Three of the seven alleles identified in this study have not previously been described. Two new DtxR types were identified, one of which has an unusual polypeptide length. All the new DtxR types were found in toxigenic isolates, suggesting that they effectively regulate the expression of diphtheria toxin. Furthermore, one of the new DtxR identified was also found in a non‐toxigenic isolate, making it a potential source of toxigenic isolates after lysogenic conversion.
Reduced root water uptake after drying and rewetting
Authors: Zarebanadkouki Mohsen , Carminati Andrea
Published: December 2013

The ability of plants to extract water from soil is controlled by the water‐potential gradient between root and soil, by the hydraulic conductivity of roots, and, as the soil dries, by that of the soil near the roots (rhizosphere). Recent experiments showed that the rhizosphere turned hydrophobic after drying and it remained temporarily dry after rewetting. Our objective was to investigate whether rhizosphere hydrophobicity is associated with a reduction in root water uptake after drying and rewetting. We used neutron radiography to trace the transport of deuterated water (D2O) in the roots of lupines growing in a sandy soil. The plants were grown in aluminum containers (28 × 28 × 1 cm3) filled with a sandy soil. The soil was initially partitioned into different compartments using a 1‐cm layer of coarse sand (three vertical × three horizontal compartments). We grew plants in relatively moist conditions (0.1 < θ < 0.2). Three weeks after planting, we let the upper left compartment of soil to dry for 2–3 d while we irrigated the rest of the soil. Then, we injected D2O in this compartment and in the upper right compartment that was kept wet. We monitored D2O transport in soil and roots with time‐series neutron radiography. From the changes of D2O concentration inside roots, we estimated the root water uptake. We found that root water uptake in the soil region that was let dry and rewetted was 4–8 times smaller than that in the region that was kept moist. The reduced uptake persisted for > 1–0.5 h. We conclude that a reduction in hydraulic conductivity occurred during drying and persisted after rewetting. This reduction in conductivity could have occurred in roots, in the rhizosphere, or more likely in both of them.
Role of surgical resection in complete responders on FDG‐PET after chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jeong Yuri , Kim Jong Hoon , Kim Sung‐Bae , Yoon Dok Hyun , Park Seung Il , Kim Yong Hee , Kim Hyeong Ryul , Jung Hwoon Yong , Lee Gin Hyug , Ryu Jin‐Sook
Published: December 2013

Background and Objectives

To determine the role of surgery in complete responders on FDG‐PET after CRT and the prognostic significance of metabolic response in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 154 patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer with increased uptake on FDG‐PET. Eighty‐one patients received definitive CRT and 73 received trimodality therapy. We defined metabolic complete remission (PET‐CR) when FDG uptake of the primary tumor and lymph nodes were decreased and was indistinguishable from surrounding normal tissue. Oncologic outcomes were compared between trimodality group, definitive CRT group, and PET‐CR subgroup of definitive CRT.

Results

Thirty‐one (38.3%) of the definitive CRT patients and 39 (53.4%) of the trimodality therapy patients achieved PET‐CR after CRT. The 2‐year OS of the trimodality group was higher than that of the definitive CRT group, but equivalent to that of the PET‐CR subgroup of definitive CRT. The 2‐year LRFS and DFS of the trimodality group were higher than that of the PET‐CR subgroup or the entire of definitive CRT group.

Conclusion

The addition of surgery showed higher DFS and LRFS rates than those of the PET‐CR subgroup of definitive CRT. Despite achieving PET‐CR, surgery still seems to improve local tumor control. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:472–477. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduced intensity conditioning in allogeneic stem cell transplantation for AML with Down syndrome
Authors: Muramatsu Hideki , Sakaguchi Hirotoshi , Taga Takashi , Tabuchi Ken , Adachi Souichi , Inoue Masami , Kitoh Toshiyuki , Suminoe Aiko , Yabe Hiromasa , Azuma Eichi , Shioda Yoko , Ogawa Atsushi , Kinoshita Akitoshi , Kigasawa Hisato , Osugi Yuko , Koike Kazutoshi , Kawa Keisei , Kato Koji , Atsuta Yoshiko , Kudo Kazuko
Published: December 2013

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has not been widely used in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and Down syndrome (DS) due to fear of transplantation‐related toxicity. A retrospective analysis of the outcome of allogeneic HSCT was conducted in 15 patients with AML and DS. The five patients transplanted with the reduced intensity conditioning (4 in complete remission (CR) and 1 in non‐CR) had a significantly better survival rate than 10 patients transplanted with a conventional conditioning (4 in CR and 6 in non‐CR) (3‐year EFS (95% confidence interval): 80.0% (20.4–96.9%) vs. 10.0% (0.6%–35.8%), P = 0.039). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:925–927. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The language of diabetes
Authors: Hughes Eugene
Published: December 2013

The worldwide epidemic of diabetes shows no sign of abating. It is an international condition, with China set to become the diabetes capital of the world within the next decade. However, even within the UK, all the agencies involved with people with diabetes struggle to speak the same language. Health care professionals from all disciplines fail to communicate effectively with their target audience. The language used in the consultation can have a lasting impact on the direction of care. And at an organisational level, communication between professionals in primary care and secondary care is often poor and even divisive. Above all, the policies shaped by successive governments are couched in a language which suggests commitment and coherence, but which ultimately suffers from the confusion of Babel.

This presentation highlights the translational difficulties that exist between the different diabetes tribes, and urges a dialogue that transcends personal, professional and political barriers to effective and therapeutic communication, which will improve the lives and the care of people living with diabetes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.

This paper was presented as the 2013 Mary MacKinnon lecture at the 2013 Diabetes UK Annual Professional Conference held in Manchester
Carbohydrate counting and insulin dose adjustment group sessions for type 1 diabetes: a pilot of their effectiveness at a primary care diabetes centre
Authors: Taplin Julie , Allen Nicola
Published: December 2013

It is recommended that a structured group education programme such as DAFNE (Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating) is offered to all adults with type 1 diabetes. Such programmes teach the skills of carbohydrate counting and insulin dose adjustment with the aim of improving glycaemic control (HbA1c) without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia.

South West Essex Community Services adult diabetes service was finding that individuals were not accessing the DAFNE programme for various reasons. A diabetes specialist dietitian and nurse decided to pilot the delivery of two 3‐hour group sessions to teach some of the basic carbohydrate counting and insulin dose adjustment skills.

Changes in HbA1c pre‐ and post‐intervention were reported for 68 subjects. The four different intervention arms compared were: those who attended just the carbohydrate counting session (n=14), those who attended both sessions (n=24), those who had attended one or both sessions and then went on to attend DAFNE (n=10), and those who had received no carbohydrate counting education (n=20).

Those who had attended one or both of the 3‐hour sessions had a mean and absolute reduction in HbA1c compared with the group that had not received any education, although this was not statistically significant. The group that had attended one or both of the 3‐hour sessions and DAFNE did achieve a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c compared with the group that had not received any education.

Despite several identified limitations to the pilot, it was felt that the delivery of the two 3‐hour carbohydrate counting and insulin dose adjustment sessions demonstrated some clinically (if not statistically) significant improvement in HbA1c. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Innovative mobile technology alcohol education for young people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Pulman Andy , Hill Jai , Taylor Jacqui , Galvin Kathleen , Masding Mike G
Published: December 2013

Views of young people with type 1 diabetes are vital in developing quality services and improving health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), yet research on their lifestyle and use of web and mobile technology to support their condition and in non‐health related areas is sparse. The aim of this research was to develop an insight into young people's current use of web and mobile technology and its potential impact on HRQoL by constructing an in‐depth picture of their day‐to‐day experiences, exploring how they made use of technology in their lives and in relation to their condition and treatment – then, building something to help them.

Data were collected by semi‐structured, in‐depth qualitative interviews (n=9) of young people with type 1 diabetes and aged 18–21 years. Interviews were transcribed and loaded onto NVivo for theme identification. Data analysis was also undertaken during initial interviews (n=4) to locate potential ideas for technical development. Latter interviews (n=5) assisted in the iterative sociotechnical design process. Three suggestions for improvement were taken forward for prototyping with one – an alcohol education guide – being developed into a clinically approved app.

This article documents the procedures and sociotechnical design principles involved in the creation of a patient‐centric app. It provides an innovative example of how education with the aim of improving HRQoL can be designed in a way which meets the needs of a particular group and values and encourages their input to assist in the creative process, while at the same time conforming to clinical guidelines. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Synthesis of 2,4,6,8,10,12‐Hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane Using Melaminium‐tris(hydrogensulfate) by a Simple One‐Pot Nitration Procedure
Authors: Bayat Yadollah , Zolfigol Mohammad A. , Khazaei Ardeshir , Mokhlesi Mohamad , Daraei Masoume , Heydari Nezhad Tehrani Amin , Chehardoli Golamabbas
Published: December 2013

A highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) in the presence of melaminium‐tris(hydrogen sulfate) as a solid acid is described.
Theoretical Prediction of Pressure and Temperature of an Aluminized High Explosive in Underwater Explosion
Authors: Rao Vedula Dharma , Kumar Adapaka Srinivas , Rao Kadiyam Venkateswara , Prasad Veerapaneni S. R. Krishna , Rao Vepakomma Bhujanga
Published: December 2013

The blast wave propagation in underwater explosion was studied. The shock propagation in water medium was different from that in air. The blast effect in water lasted longer and offered resistance to the expansion of hot gases and release of energy. A theoretical analysis of the expansion of blast wave in water was carried out and numerical results for pressures and temperatures were obtained as functions of distance and time by analytically solving the governing equations. The initial peak pressures of blast waves, which were required for theoretical analysis were calculated using the blast wave theory. Underwater blasts with different weights (0.045, 0.5, and 1.0 kg) of the aluminized high explosive HBX‐3 were conducted to record pressure as a function of distance and time from the blast point. Theoretical results were compared with experimental data and empirical data for HBX‐3 from literature. Since the measurement of pressure and temperature at close proximity of point of detonation is difficult, theoretical modeling of underwater blast is of significant importance.
JP‐900 Hydroperoxidation and Decomposition
Authors: Türker Lemi , Variş Serhat
Published: December 2013

JP‐900 (C10H18) is a bicyclic, high‐energy‐density fuel being employed in aircrafts. In recent years, inspection of fuels refined by different processes has showed that noticeably higher peroxide concentrations exist in fuels, which have been severely hydrotreated. Hydroperoxide concentration was considered to be a parameter in fuel instability. Presently, Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to investigate the mechanisms of oxidation of JP‐900 through hydroperoxidation. The total electronic energies of JP‐900, and certain radicals and hydroperoxides originated from JP‐900 were calculated. Their thermodynamic stabilities were discussed. The most feasible “carbon center” of JP‐900 that would be oxidized through hydroperoxidation was assigned. It has been found that the hydroperoxides may decompose to different products having greater stability (possessing more negative total electronic energies). A variety of mechanisms including carboxylic acid (ester)‐alkane, alcohol‐aldehyde and ketone‐alcohol decomposition mechanism were questioned. The probable decomposition products were determined and confirmed by thermodynamic calculations.
A Three‐Dimensional Three‐Phase Model of Gas Injection in AOD Converters
Authors: Tilliander Anders , Jonsson Lage T. I. , Jönsson Pär G.
Published: December 2013

A mathematical model of gas injection in the AOD converter process has been developed by augmentation of an earlier developed three‐dimensional two‐phase model to the slag phase and an industrial relevant geometry including six nozzles. The model is based on fundamental transport equations and includes separate solution of the steel and the gas phases and their coupling by friction as well as the slag phase. The 3D 3‐phase (steel, slag, and gas) AOD model has been used to predict fluid flow, turbulence, and bubble characteristics as well as fluid‐slag dispersion. In addition, two different gas flow rates have been simulated which resulted in quite different flow pattern. This new findings opens up for future investigations of gas–metal reactions in the AOD converter, which are of key interest from an industrial point of view.
Fibre‐reinforced concrete in fib Model Code 2010: principles, models and test validation
Authors: di Prisco Marco , Colombo Matteo , Dozio Daniele
Published: December 2013

In the fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010, fibre‐reinforced concrete (FRC) is recognized as a new material for structures. This introduction will favour forthcoming structural applications because the need of adopting new design concepts and the lack of international building codes have significantly limited its use up to now. In the code, considerable effort has been devoted to introducing a material classification to standardize performance‐based production and stimulate an open market for every kind of fibre, favouring the rise of a new technological player: the composite producer.

Starting from standard classification, the simple constitutive models introduced allow the designer to identify effective constitutive laws for design, trying to take into account the major contribution in terms of performance and providing good orientation for structural uses. Basic new concepts such as structural characteristic length and new factors related to fibre distribution and structural redistribution benefits are taken into account. A few examples of structural design starting from the constitutive laws identified are briefly shown.

FRC can be regarded as a special concrete characterized by a certain toughness after cracking. For this reason, the most important constitutive law introduced is the stress‐crack opening response in uniaxial tension. A wide discussion of the constitutive models introduced to describe this behaviour, which controls all the main contributions of fibres for a prevailing mode I crack propagation, is proposed. The validity of the models is discussed with reference to ordinary cross‐sections as well as thin‐walled elements by adopting plane section or finite element models.
Physiological and oxidative stress biomarkers in the freshwater monosex Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., exposed to pendimethalin‐based herbicide
Authors: El‐Sayed Yasser S. , Samak Dalia H. , Abou‐Ghanema Ismail Y. , Soliman Magdy K.
Published: December 2013

Fish are relatively sensitive to changes in their surrounding environment, including increasing pollution. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of contamination with the pendimethalin‐based herbicide; Stomp® 50% EC (50% pendimethalin as emulsive concentrate) on adults of the monosex Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. A total of 260 fish with body weights of 90 ± 5.0 g were used in the determination of the 96‐h LC50 value and of the impacts of acute exposure to pendimethalin on physiological parameters, and oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers. The 96‐h median lethal concentration (96‐h LC50) value of pendimethalin for monosex Nile tilapia was determined as 4.92 mg/L. Abnormal behavioral responses of the fish and the toxic symptoms of pendimethalin exposure are described. Acute exposure to pendimethalin induced leukocytosis, hyperglobulinemia, and hyperglycemia, but resulted in nonsignificant changes in other hemato‐biochemical parameters. Moreover, pendimethalin increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased levels of reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase in both liver and gill tissues, in a time‐dependent manner, with maximum alterations observed in the gills rather than the liver. We conclude that although pendimethalin is moderately toxic, it does not cause hepatorenal toxicity. However, this herbicide pollutant induces major disturbances to the antioxidant system; induction of oxidative stress and LPO is the proposed toxicodynamic pathway for such stress. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 430–438, 2015.
Consistency of Nonparametric Classification in Cognitive Diagnosis
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Douglas Jeff
Published: December 2013

Latent class models for cognitive diagnosis have been developed to classify examinees into one of the 2K attribute profiles arising from a K-dimensional vector of binary skill indicators. These models recognize that response patterns tend to deviate from the ideal responses that would arise if skills and items generated item responses through a purely deterministic conjunctive process. An alternative to employing these latent class models is to minimize the distance between observed item response patterns and ideal response patterns, in a nonparametric fashion that utilizes no stochastic terms for these deviations. Theorems are presented that show the consistency of this approach, when the true model is one of several common latent class models for cognitive diagnosis. Consistency of classification is independent of sample size, because no model parameters need to be estimated. Simultaneous consistency for a large group of subjects can also be shown given some conditions on how sample size and test length grow with one another.
Clinical and Morphologic Factors Associated with Suture Anchor Refixation of Labral Tears in the Hip
Authors: Ruder John A. , Magennis Erin , Ranawat Anil S. , Kelly Bryan T.
Published: December 2013

Background

The acetabular labrum is critical to hip function. Surgical options for treatment of a damaged labrum include removal, debridement, and refixation using suture anchors.

Questions/Purposes

The purpose of this study is to determine if certain patient demographic and osseous morphological factors result in increased labral damage requiring refixation.

Methods

Data was collected prospectively from a consecutive series of 334 procedures performed from August 2010 to June 2011 for femoroacetabular impingement. Demographic data, including age, sex, and race, was collected from patient charts. Three-dimensional (3D) CT scans were reviewed to retrieve alpha angles, acetabular version, femoral version, and lateral center edge angle on the symptomatic hip.

Results

In 238 (71.3%) of the procedures, the labrum required refixation using suture anchors with a mean of 2.74 anchors being used. Of males, 78.8% required suture anchors and 62.3% of females required suture anchors. Among procedures requiring suture anchors, significantly more suture anchors were used in males (2.92) than females (2.47). Regression analysis showed a positive association between alpha angle, acetabular retroversion at 1 and 2 o'clock, and the number of suture anchors used. The mean alpha angle in the cohort that required suture anchors (63.1°) was significantly greater than the cohort that did not (59.4°).

Conclusion

This study found femoral deformities to contribute more to labral damage than acetabular deformities and highlighted the importance of preoperative 3D CT scans. This study provides demographic and morphologic factors to review preoperatively to evaluate if extensive labral damage is present and if suture anchor refixation will be required.
Intergenerational Solidarity: A Two-Way Street that Needs New Paving
Authors: Vandenkendelaere Tom
Published: December 2013

The EU's demographic structure will change fundamentally in the coming decades. Intergenerational solidarity as it exists today is more than ever expected to be under great pressure. One may even wonder whether the traditional relationship of mutual solidarity between young and old can be upheld in the public sphere. This article claims that a new definition of intergenerational solidarity is necessary in the light of existing demographic projections. Through practical suggestions, a new definition of intergenerational solidarity is presented. The principle of the duty to care, following the Christian Democratic line of empowering people, is central to this proposal. It revolves around the sharing of experience between young and old, resulting in greater societal involvement.
Control of confined vortex breakdown with partial rotating lids
Authors: Mununga L. , Lo Jacono D. , Sørensen J. N. , Leweke T. , Thompson M. C. , Hourigan K.
Published: December 2013

Experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of controlling vortex breakdown in a confined cylindrical vessel using a small rotating disk, which was flush-mounted into the opposite endwall to the rotating endwall driving the primary recirculating flow. The results show that the control disk, with relatively little power input, can modify the azimuthal and axial flow significantly, changing the entire flow structure in the cylinder. Co-rotation was found to precipitate vortex breakdown onset whereas counter-rotation delays it. Furthermore, for the Reynolds-number range over which breakdown normally exists, co-rotation increases the bubble radial and axial dimensions, while shifting the bubble in the upstream direction. By contrast, counter-rotation tends to reduce the size of the bubble, or completely suppress it, while shifting the bubble in the downstream direction. These effects are amplified substantially by the use of larger control disks and higher rotation ratios. A series of numerical simulations close to the onset Reynolds number reveals that the control disk acts to generate a rotation-rate-invariant local positive or negative azimuthal vorticity source away from the immediate vicinity of the control disk but upstream of breakdown. Advection of this source along streamlines modifies the strength of the azimuthal vorticity ring, which effectively controls whether the flow reverses on the axis, and thus, in turn, whether vortex breakdown occurs. The vorticity source generated by the control disk scales approximately linearly with rotation ratio and cubically with disk diameter; this allows the observed variation of the critical Reynolds number to be approximately predicted.
“Right-Sizing” in Oftering Parish: Labor Hoarding Peasant Firms in Austria, 1700–1850
Authors: Rebel Hermann
Published: December 2013

When Hans Rosenberg wrote an assessment of the first three published volumes—by Friedrich Lütge, Heinz Haushofer, and Wilhelm Abel—of what would become the six-volumeDeutsche Agrargeschichte(1962–1984), he thought he detected a new analytical direction in German agrarian history, one that pointed toward how the economic and social experiences of rural populations could be understood as mutually intertwined and active in the broader course of events. In contrast to the legal formalism of Lütge and the technicist agronomism of Haushofer, Rosenberg held up Wilhelm Abel's work as particularly noteworthy for seeing rural populations simultaneously engaged in several kinds of markets, with movements in European grain prices over three centuries playing, for Abel, the role of comparable indicators for regionally differentiated market swings with diverse effects on rural life.
German Historians at the Back of the Pack: Hiring Patterns in Modern European History, 1945–2010
Authors: Epstein Catherine
Published: December 2013

Some years ago, I realized that I was the first historian of Germany hired in a tenure-track position at Amherst College. I got my job in 2000. Steeped in German history, I was surprised that a premier liberal arts college chose to hire a historian of Germany only at the very end of the twentieth century. My generation of historians of Germany often think—and other historians of Europe share our perception—that German history is a strong (if not the strongest) field in modern European history. Whether measured anecdotally by the number of job openings, the number of historians hired, the stream of published books, or the share of German history articles in academic journals, it always seems that German historians and German history are at the forefront. In fact, though, historians of Germany have always made up the smallest cohort of historians of the major European history fields (that also include British, Russian, and French history). According to the latest figures available from the American Historical Association (AHA), in 2010 there were 990 historians of Britain, 668 historians of Russia, 605 historians of France, and 592 historians of Germany in the United States.
Epistaxis management at Guy's Hospital, 2009–2011: full audit cycles
Authors: Hall A C , Simons M , Pilgrim G , Theokli C , Roberts D , Hopkins C
Published: December 2013

Objective:

To assess management of epistaxis at a tertiary ENT referral hospital against a recently published standard of best practice.

Methods:

Fifty consecutive cases of acute epistaxis that required admission to Guy's Hospital in 2009 were evaluated. Epistaxis education sessions were held to introduce our algorithm of best practice in tandem with an emphasis on emergency department care. Similar retrospective reviews were carried out in both 2010 and 2011 (on groups of 50 patients).

Results and conclusion:

The first audit cycle demonstrated that only 8 per cent of patients underwent a suitable nasal examination in the emergency department prior to transfer, with no documented attempts at nasal cautery. Surgical intervention procedures were performed on only 40 per cent of eligible patients. The audit cycles that followed the introduction of the epistaxis algorithm demonstrated continued improvement in initial evaluation and management of epistaxis. In select patients, sphenopalatine artery ligation can provide timely, definitive management of refractory epistaxis.
Voluntary contraction of the tensor tympani muscle and its audiometric effects
Authors: Angeli R D , Lise M , Tabajara C C , Maffacioli T B
Published: December 2013

Background:

The tensor tympani muscle is the largest muscle within the middle ear. Its voluntary contraction is a very unusual event. Only a few papers have documented its audiometric effects.

Objective:

To report an unusual case of voluntary tensor tympani muscle contraction and describe its audiometric effects.

Case report:

A 27-year-old man, who presented complaining of voluntarily evoked bilateral tinnitus, was found to be able to voluntarily contract the tensor tympani muscle in both ears simultaneously. Audiograms were performed under conditions of rest and maximal contraction of the tensor tympani muscle. The most remarkable effects were conductive hearing loss at lower frequencies and an increase in middle-ear impedance.

Conclusion:

The importance of the tensor tympani muscle in middle-ear physiology remains unclear. It has been related to the attenuation of sounds produced during the mastication process. Voluntary control over the tensor tympani muscle is an extremely rare event. However, an understanding of the potential audiometric effects of its contraction could aid the diagnosis of hearing disorders.
Dimensional structure and course of post-traumatic stress symptomatology in World Trade Center responders
Authors: Pietrzak R. H. , Feder A. , Schechter C. B. , Singh R. , Cancelmo L. , Bromet E. J. , Katz C. L. , Reissman D. B. , Ozbay F. , Sharma V. , Crane M. , Harrison D. , Herbert R. , Levin S. M. , Luft B. J. , Moline J. M. , Stellman J. M. , Udasin I. G. , El-Gabalawy R. , Landrigan P. J. , Southwick S. M.
Published: December 2013

Background

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in response to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster of 11 September 2001 (9/11) is one of the most prevalent and persistent health conditions among both professional (e.g. police) and non-traditional (e.g. construction worker) WTC responders, even several years after 9/11. However, little is known about the dimensionality and natural course of WTC-related PTSD symptomatology in these populations.

Method

Data were analysed from 10 835 WTC responders, including 4035 police and 6800 non-traditional responders who were evaluated as part of the WTC Health Program, a clinic network in the New York area established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used to evaluate structural models of PTSD symptom dimensionality; and autoregressive cross-lagged (ARCL) panel regressions were used to examine the prospective interrelationships among PTSD symptom clusters at 3, 6 and 8 years after 9/11.

Results

CFAs suggested that five stable symptom clusters best represent PTSD symptom dimensionality in both police and non-traditional WTC responders. This five-factor model was also invariant over time with respect to factor loadings and structural parameters, thereby demonstrating its longitudinal stability. ARCL panel regression analyses revealed that hyperarousal symptoms had a prominent role in predicting other symptom clusters of PTSD, with anxious arousal symptoms primarily driving re-experiencing symptoms, and dysphoric arousal symptoms primarily driving emotional numbing symptoms over time.

Conclusions

Results of this study suggest that disaster-related PTSD symptomatology in WTC responders is best represented by five symptom dimensions. Anxious arousal symptoms, which are characterized by hypervigilance and exaggerated startle, may primarily drive re-experiencing symptoms, while dysphoric arousal symptoms, which are characterized by sleep disturbance, irritability/anger and concentration difficulties, may primarily drive emotional numbing symptoms over time. These results underscore the importance of assessment, monitoring and early intervention of hyperarousal symptoms in WTC and other disaster responders.
Jubilee Address to Her Majesty the Queen
Authors: Matthews Henry
Published: December 2013

The Royal Historical Society begs leave to offer to your Majesty its sincere congratulations on the occasion of your Majesty's Jubilee. To none of your Majesty's subjects can such an occasion appeal with more force and truth than to those who, like ourselves, are engaged in the study of the past.
Presidential Address
Authors: Ward A. W.
Published: December 2013

You must pardon me if my observations this afternoon betray, in a more marked degree than you may think appropriate in the President of your Society, the diffidence which is born of surprise. For it was a genuine surprise to me when in the course of last summer the Council of the Royal Historical Society did me the honour of nominating me their President—a nomination which you have now been good enough to confirm—in the place of a predecessor of high distinction. I was aware that before him this office had been filled by men of eminence either as historians or among those who have signally contributed to the making of history. The earliest name on the list is, I believe, that of an English classic whose venerated figure stands on a pillar ‘wrought full sternely’ among those consecrate in the House of Fame to illustrious historians, near the place of honour belonging to Gibbon himself. For, unlike to one another as he and Grote were from most points of view of philosophical thought, of political principle, and of literary taste, more than one analogy is traceable between the growths of their respective masterpieces. Each was the work of its author's mature manhood; each was carried out consecutively, with that consciousness of the goal in view which proportionates effort to progress, and within a limit of years far outside of which unity of execution is virtually impossible. Thus, though in both instances the historian's conception of his theme was not only vast and comprehensive, but confessedly grew under his hands into its ultimate shape, the complete edifice stood square to the elements, and in the mortar ‘which made the building sure’ the ingredient of civic experience had not been omitted.
Presidential Address
Authors: Prothero G. W.
Published: December 2013

In my third year of office I may, I hope, congratulate the Society on the satisfactory condition disclosed by the report which is in your hands.

The volume of ‘Transactions’ for the year 1902–3 contains some valuable papers based on original research and providing a varied entertainment for the historical reader. They show, as usual, a dominant interest in British history, a fact of which I do not complain; but I should be glad if the sphere of our activity were more frequently extended, so as to take in ancient and foreign history as well.
Presidential Address
Authors: Prothero G. W.
Published: December 2013

It has been my practice on former occasions, when I have had the honour of addressing you from this chair, to review briefly the noteworthy events of the past year, and to conclude with some general remarks on matters that seemed likely to be of interest to the Society. I may be allowed to follow the same plan to-day.
Presidential Address
Authors: Hunt William
Published: December 2013

Before I enter on subjects which will be more interesting to you than my own feelings, please allow me to say that I am deeply conscious of the honour which the Council conferred upon me last year in electing me, and you in confirming their election of me, as your President, and of the fact that I both succeed and preside over men far more worthy than I am to occupy that place. My earnest hope is that the Society may so prosper during my term of office that your choice may prove capable of defence. To secure such prosperity no effort shall be wanting on my part. Yet the fortunes of our Society, happily, depend more upon its Director, its Honorary Secretary, and its Honorary Treasurer than upon its President; and no Society could have more efficient or more zealous officers, and no President more genial allies or wiser counsellors than the gentlemen who fill these important posts. Relying on them and on the Council generally, who devote much earnest attention to our affairs, the Society may reasonably look forward to the future without misgiving.
Presidential Address
Authors: Hunt William
Published: December 2013

The year which has passed since I last had the honour of addressing you at an anniversary meeting has been one of unusual importance in the history of our Society; it has seen the fulfilment of one of your Council's chief desires on its behalf. We have entered on the possession of a home, suitable to our purposes, not unworthy of our position as a Royal Society, and secured to us on terms which render it virtually permanent. Before this most desirable change in our circumstances, we were in the nomadic era of our existence, though we enjoyed none of the advantages properly belonging to such a stage in social development: we had neither ample space, picturesque surroundings, nor freedom from encumbrances. Many of you can recollect the unseemly and uncomfortable quarters that we so long occupied in St. Martin's Lane. It is not a pleasant remembrance, though there was good work done there, and we, alas! miss some valued fellow-workers who then adorned our Society, and have since passed away. We were glad to move into Old Serjeants' Inn in 1901. There at least we were more fitly lodged, and had a place which we could call our own, but, as I said last year at our anniversary meeting, our rooms were too small for us; there was no space for additions to our library; our tenancy had become terminable on three months' notice, and we knew that the building in which we were lodged was doomed to speedy destruction.
The name of the Hwicce: a discussion
Authors: Coates Richard
Published: December 2013

This article presents the evidence for the Anglo-Saxon ethnic name Hwicce borne by a people of the south-west Midlands, and reviews previous unsatisfactory attempts to explain it. It appears to be probably of British Celtic origin, and an etymology in two variants, consistent in etymological meaning with that of other early ethnonyms, is suggested.
The mind, perception and the reflexivity of forgetting in Alfred's Pastoral Care
Authors: Saltzman Benjamin A.
Published: December 2013

The verb forgytan is used reflexively six times in the extant Old English corpus, and all six instances are found in King Alfred's translation of Gregory the Great's Regula pastoralis. As the translation adopts from its Latin source the concept of what I call ‘completely reflexive forgetting’ (the forgetting of one's self), it adjusts the concept for an Anglo-Saxon audience by reimagining and reconfiguring the logistics of the mind and its mechanisms of perception. Completely reflexive forgetting is thus imagined as the process by which a ruler ceases to perceive himself from within (as God always does) and begins perceiving himself from without (from the perspective of his subjects), thereby slipping into a perpetually totalizing state of self-concealment.

When we forget, something doesn't just slip away from us. Forgetting itself slips into a concealing, and indeed in such a way that we ourselves, along with our relation to what is forgotten, fall into concealment.

Martin Heidegger, ‘Aletheia (Heraclitus, Fragment B 16)’