bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative proteomics identification of potential protein biomarkers of early recovery after kidney transplant (591.5)
Authors: Williams Kenneth , Colangelo Christopher , Stone Kathryn , Chung Lisa , Abbott Thomas , Belcher Justin , Marlier Arnaud , Cantley Lloyd , Parikh Chirag
Published: June 2021

The Targeted Urine Proteome Assay (TUPA) was developed to quantify biomarker proteins in urine. TUPA uses scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) to interrogate 200 proteins based on two “light” and two “heavy”, stable isotope labeled tryptic peptides/protein. TUPA monitors >1,600 transitions and uses up to 8 data points (2 transitions/peptide) to determine the actual level of expression of each protein. To comprehensively interrogate the urine proteome, a multi‐proteomics workflow utilizing two “bottom up” mass spectrometric‐based approaches, iTRAQ and Label Free Quantitation, were complemented by Difference Fluorescence Gel Electrophoresis analyses of intact urine proteins from kidney transplant recipients who received a deceased donor kidney. Based on the serum creatinine fall in the first week after surgery, recipients were classified into immediate (IGF) and delayed graft function (DGF). The results of these assays provided a list of potential urine biomarkers. The TUPA assay was then used to compare urine proteomes of kidney transplant patients with IGF versus DGF. Based on TUPA analyses of 52 urine samples, 22 IGF biomarkers were identified and are being tested for their ability to classify IGF versus DGF. The underlying study hypothesis is that early biomarkers of recovery would enable classification of IGF from DGF patients and guide management to improve prognosis after kidney transplant.
A microarray analysis of microRNAs profiles in irritable bowel syndrome (595.1)
Authors: Guo Xian‐Wen , Zhang Fa‐Can , Liang Lie‐Xin , Huang Dan , Zhao Yun‐Zhi , Ye Hui‐Lan , Zhang Guo
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study is to screen and identify microRNAs (miRNAs) candidates and determine their clinical relevance for different irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subtype. Based on the Rome III criteria, five patients diagnosed with diarrhea‐predominant IBS(IBS‐D), five with constipation‐predominant IBS (IBS‐C) and five healthy volunteers were enrolled for this study. All people in both groups voluntarily joined this study with informed consents. Endoscopic biopsy samples were first collected from the colon sigmoideum of each subject and frozen in the liquid nitrogen. Microarray assay was then commercially performed to obtain their miRNA expression profiles using miRBase 16 screening for 1205 Homo sapiens (hsa)‐miRNA candidates upon an Agilent platform. To validate the microarray data, the expression of selected miRNAs was measured by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT‐qPCR). It was found that, compared with healthy control, twenty‐three miRNAs were significantly upregulated and one downregulated (hsa‐miR‐204‐5p) in IBS‐D patients, whereas four other miRNAs including hsa‐miR‐29b‐1‐5p, hsa‐miR‐18b‐5p, hsa‐miR‐5003‐3p and hsa‐miR‐3121‐3p obviously increased in IBS‐C subjects. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis have interestingly shown that among those selected miRNAs, fourteen miRNAs were involving regulating calcium ion channels,seven miRNAs including hsa‐miR‐18b‐5p,hsa‐miR‐3121‐3p,hsa‐miR‐5003‐3p,hsa‐miR‐3158‐3p,hsa‐miR‐204‐5p,hsa‐miR‐4768‐3p and hsa‐miR‐490‐5p were related to neurotransmitter release and two miRNAs(hsa‐miR‐5580‐3p,hsa‐miR‐1323)contributed to the sensitivity to pain. Taken together, this study argued that several specific miRNAs might importantly participate in the IBS pathophysiologic process and their differential expressional pattern is mainly responsible for the diverse clinical manifestation of this disease.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NSFC grants 81160053 to FC.Z. and by 2010GXNSFC013020 to G.Z.
Spreading depression, fish oil supplementation and moderate training modulate antioxidant enzymes in brain’s cortex hemispheres? (596.2)
Authors: Ferreira Diorginis , Pedroza Anderson Apolonio , Interaminense Maria Vitoria , Da Silva Aline Isabel , Lopes Andréia , Mendes da Silva Rosangela , Breckenfeld Meneses Thayanne , Gomes Eveline Geórgia Go , Amâncio dos Santos Angela , Batista‐de‐Oliveira Manuella , Lagranha Claudia
Published: June 2021

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a slowly propagating wave of spontaneous cortical electrical activity and it shares underlying mechanisms with neurological diseases such as migraine and epilepsy. It is well known that the neuronal tissue is susceptible to oxidative stress because of its high oxygen consumption and modest antioxidant defenses; alteration of the physiological pattern can enhance the oxidative stress (OS). Furthermore, ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid of fish oil (FO) protects the brain by reducing OS and moderate treadmill also (MT) counteracts OS. We evaluated the effects of FO supplementation and MT on antioxidant enzymes in rat’s cortexes (right and left hemisphere). All rats were submitted to 2%KCl stimulus to elicit CSD in the right hemisphere. In order to study OS, we analyzed BW, MDA, SOD, CAT and GST. In the left hemisphere, FO supplementation increases MDA production. MT + FO also increases MDA; there is no difference in any antioxidant enzyme. In the right hemisphere, FO supplementation, MT and MT + FO supplementation groups showed decrease in MDA production, on the other hand, there was no influence on enzymatic activities. Briefly, data show that CSD, FO or MT don’t induce significant modulation in antioxidant enzymes, which suggest that CSD is a useful phenomenon that contributes to the study of FO and MT on neurological diseases without cumulative effects of oxidative stress.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by FACEPE and CNPq
MED28 mediates Wnt/β‐catenin signaling through HMG box‐containing protein (HBP1) in human colon cancer cells (609.6)
Authors: Hsieh Nien‐Tsu , Li Chun‐I , Huang Chun‐Yin , Lee Ming‐Fen
Published: June 2021

MED28, a Mediator subunit for transcriptional activation, interacts with multiple proteins, including merlin, actin cytoskeleton, and Grb2. MED28 is often highly expressed in colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. HMG box‐containing protein 1 (HBP1), a transcriptional repressor, inhibits Wnt/β‐catenin signaling by blocking the binding of β‐catenin to the TCF/LEF transcription factors and reducing the expression of cyclin D1 and c‐Myc. Previously our laboratory found that MED28 modulates cell growth through HBP1 in breast cancer; the objective of the current study is to investigate the putative role of MED28/HBP1 in colorectal cancer. Suppression of MED28 increased the expression of HBP1, but reduced the expression of cyclin D1 and c‐Myc in HCT116 and SW480 colon cancer cells. The reporter activity of an HBP1 promoter increased upon MED28 knockdown. Moreover, suppression of MED28 resulted in β‐catenin translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm, corresponding to a lower transcriptional activity of the TOPflash reporter construct. Out data indicate that MED28 hinders the repressive effect of HBP1, and, thereby, activates the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in colorectal cancer.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NSC101‐2320‐B‐309‐001 and NSC102‐2320‐B‐309‐001‐MY3 to M‐F Lee
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) upregulates synaptotagmin XIII through a VIP1/PKA‐dependent signaling mechanism in mouse splenocytes (611.4)
Authors: Bisnett Brittany , Wanjara Steve , Hoselton Scott , Schuh Jane , Dorsam Glenn
Published: June 2021

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a potent immune regulator and secretagogue delivered by the peripheral nervous system to immune organs. VIP inhibits pro‐inflammatory, but increases anti‐inflammatory, cytokine secretion, deactivates macrophages and induces regulatory T cells. However, little is known about how VIP affects resting immune cells. Our laboratory discovered that VIP upregulated synaptotagmin (syt) XIII in resting CD4 T cells. Syt XIII is a calcium‐independent transmembrane protein that plays a vital role in vesicle exocytosis. This research is significant as the upregulation of syt XIII by VIP would maintain an important “exocytosis program” in resting immune cells. We hypothesize that VIP induced upregulation of syt XIII is dependent on its receptor VIP1, but not VIP2, through a Gαs→AC→PKA signaling mechanism in splenocytes. This research will utilize primary mouse splenocytes treated +/‐ VIP to identify peak expression of syt XIII by qPCR and western analysis. Optimal conditions will be repeated with VIP2 KO animals, VIP1 receptor antagonists and small molecule inhibitors of PKA (H89) and assessed by qPCR and/or western analysis for syt XIII expression. The significance of the proposed research is to better delineate how the nervous system regulates immunity.

Grant Funding Source: This research will be supported by NIH/NIAID (R15 to GD).
Mechanism‐based inactivation of human CYP3A4 by a piperazine‐containing compound (615.5)
Authors: Fujiwara Rina , Bolles Amanda , Furge Laura
Published: June 2021

Human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) are monooxygenases that are responsible for metabolism of a variety of small compounds including many pharmaceutical drugs. The main drug metabolizing CYP is CYP3A4 that metabolizes around half of drugs. Some drugs are known to inhibit CYP3A4, lowering the ability of CYP3A4 to metabolize other compounds leading to adverse events. 1‐[(2‐Ethyl‐4‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐5‐yl)‐methyl]‐4‐[4‐trifluoromethyl‐2pyrinyl]piperazine (EMTPP), while not a pharmaceutical drug, contains a piperazine group and substituted imidazole ring frequently found in pharmaceutical compounds. EMTPP is also similar in structure to SCH66712 and both EMTPP and SCH 66712 have previously been described as inactivators of CYP2D6 [Hutzler, Steenwyk, Smith, Walker, Wienkers (2004) Chem Res Toxicol 17, 174‐184; Nagy, Mocny, Diffenderfer, Hsi, Butler, Arthur, Fletke, Palamanda, Nomeir, Furge (2011) Drug Metab Dispos 39, 974‐983]. Our group has also recently shown SCH66712 to be a potent inactivator CYP3A4 and hypothesized that EMTPP would be as well. In this study, time‐ and concentration‐dependent inactivation of CYP3A4 by EMTPP was observed. Furthermore, the partition ratio for potency of EMTPP inactivation of CYP3A4 was measured along with possible routes of inactivation. This study lends insight into similarities between CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 for interaction with inactivators.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH 1R15‐GM086767‐02
Metabolic profile of fragrant and non‐fragrant ornamental potato flowers (617.5)
Authors: Lawrence Jim , Sauer Jon
Published: June 2021

Odoriferous floral organic compounds are important biological signaling agents. These compounds are often sought for their pleasant characteristics in perfumery and gardening. Wild samples of ornamental potato flower possessing an unexpected rose‐resembling odor (P population) were compared to unscented potato flowers of close relation (VER Population). Volatile small‐molecule analysis by GC/MS, coupled with spectral identification software, identified three volatiles connected to fragrance: β‐farnesol, phenethyl alcohol (PEA), and phenylacetaldehyde (PA). Standards of each compound were run to ensure proper identification by comparing retention time as well as fragmentation patterns. Additionally, concentrations of PA and PEA were obtained. Elevated PEA concentrations in the P population were found to accompany depressed PA. Conversely, decreased PEA was found in the VER population with increased PA.

Phenacetaldehyde reductase (PAR), responsible for the conversion of phenylacetaldehyde reductase to phenethyl alcohol, is now being investigated using SDS‐PAGE with LC/MS. Preliminary results in SDS‐PAGE show that differential protein expression exists between the P and VER populations. Determining whether PAR is the culprit opens up characterization of the genotype of the P population. These findings can be important for designer plant breeding seeking to incorporate fragrant phenotypes.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by UWSP College of Letters and Science
Using breast cancer cells to teach students about cell division and signaling through cell culture techniques: a simple lab module (618.27)
Authors: McIlrath Victoria , Trye Alice , Aguanno Ann
Published: June 2021

We have developed a lab activity to teach the concepts of cell division, cellular communication and cancer, through application of proper animal cell culture techniques, to sophomore level biology majors. The lab module exploits the mouse mammary tumor cell line, MMT, as a model for breast cancer. Breast cancer, a disease involving unregulated cell proliferation, represents the second leading cause of cancer death in women. The drugs tamoxifen, curcumin, and NDGA are used routinely to treat female breast cancer. In this experiment, these three antiproliferative drugs are tested on MMT cells. Concentration of the drugs and length of the treatments are varied allowing students to determine the impact of these treatments on the rate of cell division. Students determine the best cell concentration for plating and growing cells, the optimal treatment time course, how to prepare and dilute drug solutions, and the rate of cell death vs cell division using simple cell counting protocols. The procedure lends to open‐ended inquiry as students can modify the protocol via testing over‐the‐counter cancer treatments. This lab module allows undergraduate students to understand cancer and how it can be treated, study cell receptors, signaling pathways, and cell division, and become acquainted with the concepts of cell culture.

Grant Funding Source: Marymount Manhattan College Faculty Science Award
Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis intracellular survival (618.7)
Authors: Blount LaCheyla , Green Ashley , Lamont Elise , Sreevatsan Srinand , Paige‐Anderson Carleitta
Published: June 2021

Johne’s Disease (JD), a wasting disease of ruminants, is of major concern within the agricultural and food defense industries. The etiological agent of JD is Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). MAP evades host‐mediated immune responses, forming an environmental niche that supports bacterial growth, ‘containment’ of the infection, and metabolic dormancy. Latent bacilli can persist for long periods or through unclear mechanisms render disease. The MAP genome is closely related to other mycobacterial pathogens, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis disease, and has led to hypotheses on the contribution of various genes to MAP pathogenesis.

Mechanisms underlying Mtb infection include the stringent response and iron acquisition. The stringent response is initiated by unfavorable environmental conditions and expression of the relA gene.Deleting relA in Mtb results in attenuation. During active growth, Mtb synthesizes carboxymycobactin, a secreted siderophore. The co‐transcribed gene cluster irtAB has been characterized to function in iron transport from Fe‐carboxymycobactin. Deletion of the irtA gene abrogates this transport mechanism.

An analysis of MAP differential gene expression suggests relA and irtAB homologs as virulence factors. Further, a relA deficient MAP strain demonstrated survival attenuation in vivo and elicited an immune response that limited colonization by challenge with wild‐type MAP. We hypothesize that MAP relA and irtAB genes contribute to pathogenesis and compared in vitro growth characteristics and epithelial cell invasion of wild‐type MAP to strains harboring deletions in these genes. Our findings suggest a clear role for RelA in MAP growth. Currently, there is no effective vaccine against JD in cattle, which underscores the need to investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with MAP pathogenesis. Department of Homeland Security National Center for Food Protection and Defense

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Department of Homeland Security
Effect on the expression of VEGF and HIF‐1 alpha in atherosclerosis rat myocardial with oral HSP60 (618.8)
Authors: Hao Chunyan , Duan Hubin , Li Shuzhen
Published: June 2021

Objective to study the effect on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducing factor ‐ 1 alpha (HIF ‐ 1 alpha) in atherosclerosis(AS) rat myocardial with oral heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) .

Methods 40 four weeks male SD rats, weight 100 + 10 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups: the healthy control group (group C), atherosclerosis group (AS group), oral HSP60 group before building AS model (H1 group), oral HSP60 group after building AS model (H2 group), 10 rats in each group. AS model was made by high fat feed. At 180 days age, the rats were executed after obtaining the rats blood and myocardial. The gene and protein expression of rats myocardial VEGF and HIF ‐ 1 alpha were detected by reverse transcription ‐ polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemical.

Results The VEGF gene expression in rats myocardial of group C, AS group, H1group and H2 group respectively are 0.374±0.039, 0.869±0.049, 0.443±0.031 and 0.583±0.041; the gene expression of HIF ‐ 1 alpha respectively are 0.455±0.056, 0.936±0.034, 0.553±0.048 and 0.625±0.063; the protein expression of VEGF respectively are 4.46±0.47, 9.17±0.58, 5.28±0.37 and 8.14±0.49; the protein expression of HIF ‐ 1 alpha respectively are 5.77±0.71,13.87±0.43,7.01±0.61and 0.45±0.80.

Conclusion The gene and protein expression of VEGF and HIF ‐ 1 alpha in atherosclerotic rats myocardial enhanced compared with normal control group. Oral HSP60 can reduce the gene and protein expression of VEGF and HIF ‐ 1 alpha in myocardial, and reduce the degree of myocardial ischemia anoxic injury and vascular endothelial inflammatory response. Moreover, the earlier oral, the better results.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Science and technology development projects in Shanxi Province (No. 2011004)
Prevalence of vitamin A, zinc deficiency and anemia among school children 6‐9 years old who are participants in the governmental “school breakfast program” (Programa de Desayunos Escolares) in northwestern Mexico (624.28)
Authors: Grijalva Maria , Vargas‐Tequida Bianca , Ponce‐Martinez Jose , Tortoledo‐Ortiz Orlando , Nieblas‐Almada Amparo
Published: June 2021

The coexistence of multiple micronutrient deficiencies are increasingly recognized as a pervasive public health problem in developing countries. These deficiencies have a significant negative impact on people’s health. In Mexico, a high prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency, as well as iron and zinc deficiency, have been reported. The latter has been particularly deleterious for Mexican children. Objective. To evaluate the biochemical status of vitamin A, zinc and anemia in school children participating in the school breakfast program in northwest Mexico. Subjects and Methods. Two hundred and eighteen children were clinically evaluated. We conducted a cross sectional study and were series of measurements of the levels of serum retinol, serum zinc and hemoglobin. Results. 37% of children had low levels of serum retinol; as 35% had vitamin A deficiency (DVA,>0.35‐<0.7µmol/L), and 2% presented severe deficiency (<0.35µmol/L). However, zinc deficiency was not found. Anemia was detected (Hb <11.5g/dL) in 7% of children. Conclusions. Vitamin A deficiency and anemia is a public health problem in northwest Mexico.

Grant Funding Source: DIF Sonora
Evaluating face validity of a parent survey used to evaluate a Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program‐Education youth program in Arkansas (625.6)
Authors: Hereford Avigael Rhodes , Phelps Josh , Rodibaugh Rosemary , Crook Tina , Gonzales Dana , Hakkak Reza
Published: June 2021

In order to assess effectiveness of nutrition education programs, evaluation of nutrition programing must be completed. Effective program evaluation stems from using valid evaluative tools. The purpose of this project was to evaluate face validity of a parent survey used as an evaluation tool for a Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program‐Education (SNAP‐Ed) program conducted in public elementary schools across Arkansas. Data for this project were previously gathered through completion of seven focus groups. Focus groups were held in seven different counties in Arkansas consisting of 3‐14 participants per focus group for a total 46 participants. Participants were parents of elementary school children in SNAP‐Ed program schools. A domain analysis approach was used to complete a transcript‐based analysis of focus group data. Results were used to revise the parent survey reflecting participant perceptions to enhance face validity. Focus group data consistently brought to light similar suggestions for revision, including how questions address race and ethnicity, and participation in government assistance programs, as well as wording to be more inclusive of the entire family to provide more accurate measurement of change. Participant perceptions contributed to evaluating face validity of the survey and bringing about revision. Further evaluation is required to confirm whether changes were beneficial.
Bobbi be best: the development and evaluation of an audio program to promote exclusive breastfeeding in Cameroon, Central Africa (626.8)
Authors: Reinsma Kathryn , Bolima Nancy , Fonteh Florence , Okwen Patrick , Montgomery Susanne
Published: June 2021

Background: Since 2003, the World Health Organization has recommended exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life. In the Northwest Region of Cameroon approximately 90% of women initiate breastfeeding, yet only 34% EBF for the recommended 6 months.

Study Objective: To design an Entertainment Education (EE) audio program and discussion guide to test the hypothesis that EE improves EBF knowledge, benefits, self‐efficacy, intention, and decreases misconceptions and barriers.

Methods: Formative research consisting of 12 semi‐structured interviews (SI) and 6 focus group discussions (FGD) informed the content of a series of four episodes and discussion guide using grounded theory. Differences in EBF knowledge, misconceptions, benefits, barriers, self‐efficacy, and intention between and within the control group and the intervention group were evaluated using pre‐and post‐tests and analyzed with Wilcoxon Sign Test, and Mann‐Whitney statistical tests.

Results: The audio program and discussion guide which was proven to significantly improve overall EBF knowledge, misconceptions, benefits, self‐efficacy, intention and decrease barriers within the intervention group (p <. 05).

Conclusion: This study provided insight into influences on EBF and proved that an audio program and discussion guide is an effective method of providing breastfeeding education to this population.

Grant Funding Source: Nestle Foundation
25(OH)D serum levels 蠅 50 ng/mL may provide additional reduction in breast cancer risk (628.12)
Authors: McDonnell Sharon , French Christine , Gorham Edward , Garland Cedric
Published: June 2021

Higher serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations are associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. Serum levels in the range of 40 to 60 ng/mL could prevent a substantial number of breast cancer cases. This study examined the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and the incidence of breast cancer among women aged 60 years and older. The study included the 771 participants of the GrassrootsHealth cohort who were followed prospectively for a median of 12 months. There were 5 self‐reported incident breast cancer cases within the study period. The median 25(OH)D concentration in this cohort was 50 ng/ml and the median age was 65 years. Four of the five cases had 25(OH)D values below the median for the group as a whole. Cox multivariate regression was used to assess the association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and incidence of breast cancer, adjusting for age. The hazard ratio of breast cancer in participants with a serum 25(OH)D concentration < 50 ng/mL was 5.1 (95% CI=0.56, 45.7) compared to 蠅 50 ng/mL. Body mass index (BMI) was also found to be associated with breast cancer risk. BMI is likely to be in the causal sequence because similar vitamin D intakes result in lower concentrations of serum 25(OH)D in individuals with high BMI compared to leaner individuals. A limitation of this study was that its median 12 month follow‐up limited the possibility of finding statistical significance. The trend in this study suggests that serum 25(OH)D concentrations from 50‐80 ng/mL may provide additional benefit in the prevention of breast cancer.
Consumer perception in Mexico around the use of stevia in foods and beverages to reduce sugar intake (631.3)
Authors: Kapica Cathy
Published: June 2021

Mexico has a significant and growing rate of overweight and obesity. Dietary guidance recommends reduction of energy intake, particularly from sugars. Assessing acceptable alternatives will help achieve this goal. To determine knowledge, attitude and acceptance of sweeteners, including stevia, 1000 subjects representative of the Mexican population completed an internet survey; 50% were female, ranging in age from 18‐64 years, with 70% having children in the household. Results showed that: 80% expressed concern for the amount sugars they consume; 84% are actively trying to reduce sugar; honey has the most positive sweetener impression, followed by stevia then brown sugar; stevia is perceived as safe for adults and children, and is their top choice for providing reduced calorie sweetness. Respondents overwhelmingly preferred natural origin sweeteners, with the top choices for taste being honey, agave, brown sugar, sugar, and stevia. 89% want foods and beverages for their children to have no or less sugar. In households with children, those with teenagers expressed a stronger purchase intent for foods and beverages with stevia to help reduce dietary sugar intake. Messages around reduced sugar content of products were more appealing (71‐75%) than ‘no sugar’ messages (67‐70%). Using a natural‐origin intense sweetener with zero calories, such as stevia, may help reduce dietary sugars and calories while maintaining consumer acceptance for taste and healthfulness.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by The Global Stevia Institute
Protein supplements on delayed onset muscle soreness in active men and women (633.1)
Authors: Haub Mark , Cull Brooke , Rosett Andrew , Rosenkranz Sara , Noriega Kristen
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different protein supplements on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in active men and women. Subjects completed four trials (whey protein isolate, WPI; soy protein isolate, SPI; and hydrolyzed wheat protein, HWP; and water, CON) in a double‐blind randomized fashion. During each trial, subjects consumed one of the treatments, rested for 90 minutes, then ran on a treadmill at 75% HRpeak at ‐9 percent grade for 30 min, DOMS was assessed with a tension gauge post‐run and 24 hr after the downhill run. Diet over the 24 hours was designed to be the same for all conditions based on a self‐selected menu. Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to detect differences between treatments with significance set at p < 0.05. Dietary protein elicited a decreased DOMS compared with water, with no differences observed between WPI, SPI, or HWP. These data indicate that dietary protein decreased DOMS when ingested prior to muscle damaging exercise in active men and women.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA/AES Hatch funds (KS‐475)
Supplemental vitamin D enhances strength recovery after damaging exercise (634.2)
Authors: Barker Tyler , Schneider Erik , Dixon Brian , Henriksen Vanessa , Weaver Lindell
Published: June 2021

Low serum 25(OH)D associates with skeletal muscle weakness after a muscle damaging event. Although supplemental vitamin D increases serum 25(OH)D concentrations, it is unknown if supplemental vitamin D enhances strength recovery after a damaging event in humans. Reportedly healthy and modestly active adult males were randomly assigned to a placebo (n=13) or vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 4000 IU; n=15) supplement. Supplements were taken daily for 35‐d. After 28‐d of supplementation, one randomly selected leg performed an exercise protocol intended to induce muscle damage. Circulating chemistries (25(OH)D and alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferases), single‐leg peak isometric force, and muscle soreness were measured before supplementation. Circulating chemistries, single‐leg peak isometric force, and muscle soreness were also measured before (immediately) and after (immediately, 1‐h [blood draw only], 24‐h, 48‐h, 72‐h, and 168‐h) the damaging event. Supplemental vitamin D increased serum 25(OH)D (p<0.05) and enhanced the recovery in peak isometric force 24‐h after the damaging event (p<0.05). Supplemental vitamin D attenuated (p<0.05) the immediate and delayed (48‐h, 72‐h, and 168‐h) increase in circulating biomarkers of muscle damage (ALT and AST) without ameliorating muscle soreness. We conclude that supplemental vitamin D enhances strength recovery after muscular insult.
Diet and genetic‐induced differences in the intestinal microbiome relate to cardiometabolic phenotype (637.13)
Authors: O'Connor Annalouise , Lin Fred , Quizon Pamela , Nestor Allison , Albright Jody , Bennett Brian
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to understand how diet and genetics influence the intestinal microbiome and cardiometabolic risk factors. To achieve this aim, inbred mouse strains varying in metabolic disease susceptibility were selected as follows: C57Bl/6J, A/J, 129S1/SvlmJ, NOD/LtJ, NZO/HilLtJ, CAST/EiJ, PWK/PhJ, WSB/EiJ. All strains were randomized to receive either an atherogenic high fat cholic acid diet or control diet for 16 weeks. Before and after this diet period, the intestinal microbiome community was assessed by 16s rRNA gene sequencing, and plasma trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO), lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations were measured. Aortic lesions were measured at the study close. Principal Coordinates Analysis highlighted by‐strain separation in microbial diversity at baseline. Between‐diet separation in community diversity was also observed. Interestingly, a strain X diet interaction was evident, with certain strains exhibiting greater separation between the atherogenic and control diets. Several differentially abundant taxa were consistently related to the cardiometabolic parameters. In conclusion, this study has identified diet and genetic‐regulated taxa related to metabolic risk factors. Future work will focus on directly investigating these taxa in order to understand mechanism of effect, and to develop targeted microbiome‐focused treatments for metabolic disease.
Assessment of whole gut and regional gastrointestinal transit times using a wireless motility capsule (SmartPill®) in healthy adults (637.14)
Authors: Lee Yujin , Roberts Robert , Rogers Connie , Meng Huicui , Ba Zhaoyong , Fleming Jennifer , Furumoto Emily , Kris‐Etherton Penny
Published: June 2021

Some probiotics are hypothesized to modulate gut health, including GI transit time. In this ongoing study we are evaluating the efficacy of the probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB‐12 (B. lactis) delivered in a yogurt smoothie or a supplement (tablet), on gut transit time (GTT), immune status, and metabolic parameters. Participants include 31 healthy adults aged 18‐40 yrs (BMI: 20‐35 kg/m2). Whole gut transit time (WGTT) at baseline was determined via two methods: blue dye diluted in 6 oz of water and the SmartPill®. Unlike blue dye assessment, regional transit times, such as gastric emptying time (GET), small bowel transit time (SBTT) and colonic transit time (CTT), can be measured by the SmartPill®. Participants’ perception of constipation was assessed by the ROME III questionnaire. WGTT measured by SmartPill® correlated with GTT measured by blue dye (ρ = 0.67, P < 0.001). SmartPill® WGTT was significantly correlated with GET and CTT (ρ = 0.396, P = 0.03 and ρ = 0.994, P < 0.001, respectively), but not with SBTT (ρ = 0.08, P = 0.675). Interestingly, WGTT was not correlated with participants perceived level of constipation (ρ = ‐0.218, P = 0.247). No significant relationships between GTT and metabolic parameters were found at baseline. SmartPill® technology enables assessment of regional and WGTT, which will permit evaluation of the effect of a B.lactis on both whole gut and regional GI transit times.

Grant Funding Source: Dairy Research Institute
The relationship between diet pattern of IBS patients and H2/CH4 production (637.18)
Authors: Pilipenko Vladimir , Shakhovskaya Alla , Isakov Vasilii , Tutelyan Victor
Published: June 2021

The relationship between diet pattern of IBS patients and H2/CH4 production Background: bacterial overgrowth is highly prevalent among IBS‐patients. Intestinal overgrouth of bacteria, produced H2 or CH4 was found to correlate with the spectrum of IBS symptoms. However, the influence of diet pattern in IBS patients to H2/CH4 production was not widely assessed.

Aim: to assess the relationship between diet pattern of IBS patients and H2/CH4 production.

Methods: Eighty three IBS patients according to Rome III criteria (34 IBS‐D/49 IBS‐C) were evaluated by lactulose breath test (LBT, Gastrocheck, Bedfont Scientific Ltd, UK). LBT was performed using 10 g of lactulose mixed in 150 mL of water, and breath samples collected every 15 min for a 180‐min period. “H2‐producers” and “CH4‐producers” were defined as with the presence of H2 peak >20 ppm more than the basal sample and mean CH4 excretion of 12 ppm, respectively. Dietary pattern of patients was assessed using food frequency questionnaire.

Among 83 IBS patients tested by LBT, 10 patients prodused no excess of H2/CH4, 24 were CH4‐producers, 40 were H2‐producers and 9 have excess production both gases. CH4‐producers demonstrated a sighnificantly higher protein intake (112.3±6.4 g/d, p < 0.05) and higher fiber intake (24,8±6,1g/d, p=0.05) then H2‐producers (80.1±9.6g/d and 15,5±4,4g/d, respectively).

Table 1. Nutritional data of IBS groups.

Nutrients\Groups
No any,n=10
Ð2 ‐ producersn=40
CH4 ‐ producersn = 24
Ð2+CH4‐ producers n = 9

Protein, g
91,7±27,2
80,1±9,6*
112,3±6,4*
101,2±14,4

Fat, g
98,2±43,3
93,7±33,4
73,3±13,2
114,7±46,7

MDS,g
81,3±45,8
111,0±71,8
108,5±84,3
102,3±69,7

Carbohydrates, g
241,1±132,0
252,9±121,3
214,1±142,7
234,3127,7±

Fiber,g
6,9±5,6
15,5±4,4*
24,8±6,1*
13,0±2,5

Energy, kkal/d
2222,0±369,0
2231,9±721,5
1973,0±664,0
2375,0±997,0

* ‐ р = 0,05 Excessive CH4 production in IBS patients is associated with higher protein and fiber intake. Therefore, treatment options of methanogenic bacteria overgrowth should include dietary modifications for correction protein intake that may decrease SIBO symptoms in IBS patients.
Early gut colonization with lactobacilli in vaginally born infants fed breast milk or infant formula (637.9)
Authors: Salminen Seppo , Isolauri Erika , Endo Akihito , Scalabrin Deolinda
Published: June 2021

Background: Mode of delivery and type of feeding (breast or formula feeding) guide compositional development of infant gut microbiota.

Objective: To explore the dogma that abrupt change from sterile existence to host‐microbe interaction takes place at birth, the evolution of microbial contact of mother and her neonate was assessed for lactobacilli.

Methods: In a double‐blind, randomized, prospective study, 21‐ to 30‐day old healthy term infants vaginally born and exclusively formula‐fed received a routine cow’s milk‐based formula (C; n=79) or the same formula added with 4 g/L (1:1 ratio) of prebiotics polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides (PG; n=74). A reference breastfed group (BF; n=69) was included. Stool samples were obtained at baseline and after 30 and 60 days of feeding to assess fecal bacteria by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Counts expressed as KW score were higher (p<0.05) in BF vs PG (120 vs 110) at 30 days and vs PG and C (115 vs 96 for both) at 60 days for L. paracasei; and vs C (123 vs 108) at 30 days and vs PG and C (122 vs. 99 and 88) at 60 days for L. rhamnosus. At 60 days, L. rhamnosus was higher in PG vs C (99 vs 88). No differences were seen for L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. delbrueckii, L. plantarum, or L. reuteri.

Interpretation: Bacteria found in breast milk such as lactobacilli can also be found in infant feces. Modifying formula feeding by adding prebiotics may bring the gut microbiota closer to that of breastfed infants. Bacteria present in breast milk may aid in optimizing early gut colonization and educating the co‐evolving immune system.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by a grant from Mead Johnson Nutrition
Vitamin D and pneumonia in children in the high Ecuadorian Andes (639.11)
Authors: Mokhtar Rana , Holick Michael , Griffiths Jeffrey , Sempertegui Fernando , Estrella Bertha , Moore Lynn , Hamer Davidson
Published: June 2021

Background: Recent studies have explored the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and respiratory infections. The role that vitamin D deficiency plays with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) is of particular importance as pneumonia causes nearly 1.3 million deaths per year in children under 5 years.

Objective: To determine the association between vitamin D status and pneumonia in children aged 6‐36 months in the Ecuadorian Andes.

Design: We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, the Vitamin A and Zinc Prevention of Pneumonia (VAZPOP) study; a weight‐stratified, community‐based study involving children living near Quito, Ecuador who were randomized to receive vitamin A and/or zinc supplementation and followed for 48 weeks to determine the impact on episodes of pneumonia. ALRI was defined as an increased respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute and/or lower respiratory secretions with at least one of the following: cough, fever, or chest retractions. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D concentration <20 ng/mL and was measured using an automated immunoassay system (Immunodiagnostics Systems).

Results: Of the 526 subjects who had 25(OH)D concentrations measured, 67 (13%) incident cases of pneumonia occurred over the course of 48 weeks. After controlling for treatment arm, vitamin D deficient children showed a non‐significant trend in developing pneumonia than those who were vitamin D sufficient (RR = 1.67,95%CI = 0.93‐2.98, p=0.086). Infants (<12 months) were 3.10 times more likely to develop pneumonia than children 蠅12 months (RR = 3.10, CI =1.74 ‐ 5.53, p=0.0001). Females were less likely to develop pneumonia compared to males (RR = 0.55, CI =0.31 ‐ 0.96, p=0.035).

Conclusions: In Andean children, younger male children were more likely to develop an incident case of pneumonia although we found no association between vitamin D deficiency and ALRI. More research is needed to further define the association of vitamin D and pneumonia.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Sight and Life
Assessment of body composition in IBD children by bioelectrical impedance, DEXA and isotopic dilution methods (640.8)
Authors: Godin Jean‐Philippe , Ezri Jessica , Marques Vidal Pedro , Martin Francois‐Pierre , Nydegger Andreas
Published: June 2021

Background: This study is part of a research program to characterize energy balance in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this frame, assessment of body composition provides important information regarding disease status in children. However, body composition data are lacking for most pathological conditions and methods comparison provide a useful guide to clinicians. Aim: To determine the level of agreement between three different methods of body composition assessment among children with IBD.

Method: The study was approved by the local Swiss Ethics committee. 16 IBD children (8 girls and 8 boys, mean age 14.7 ± 1.3 years) and 23 healthy children (9 girls and 14 boys, mean age 13.0 ± 2.1 years) completed the study. Fat‐free mass (FFM, in kg) was assessed by DEXA (only in IBD children), bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and double labeled water (DLW) method.

Results: In IBD children, FFM (kg) was 35.4 ± 5.3 by BIA vs. 34.2 ± 5.3 by DEXA (paired t‐test: p=0.07) and 36.0 ± 5.9 by DLW (p=0.28 between BIA and isotopes; p<0.02 between isotopes and DEXA). In healthy children, FFM (kg) was 38.3 ± 10.7 by BIA, vs. 40.5 ± 12.3 by DLW (paired t‐test: p<0.01). For IBD children, regressions between BIA and DEXA showed a slope of 0.90, between DLW and DEXA a slope of 0.98 and between BIA and DLW a slope of 0.83.

Conclusion: In children with IBD, assessment of FFM by BIA is a non‐invasive method and provides adequate results relative to DEXA and DLW measurements.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by a Swiss grant
alpha2delta‐1 Identified as a novel effector underlying the action of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in hypothalamic control of feeding in mice (641.21)
Authors: Felsted Jennifer , Cordeira Joshua , Teillon Sarah , Daftary Shabrine , Panessiti Micaella , Wirth Jena , Sena‐Esteves Miguel , Rios Maribel
Published: June 2021

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity, is essential for energy balance regulation. Genetic polymorphisms that impede BDNF function pose risk factors for obesity in humans. Similarly, blunted BDNF signaling in the rodent brain is associated with overeating (OV), body weight (BW) gain and metabolic dysfunction. Here we identified alpha2delta‐1 (α2δ‐1), a high voltage‐gated calcium channel subunit and thrombospondin receptor, as a novel appetite regulator underlying BDNF function in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). α2δ‐1 is highly expressed in the VMH of wild‐type (WT) mice. Moreover, mice lacking central Bdnf (CM) have reduced cell surface α2δ‐1 expression in VMH cells. Selective inhibition of VMH α2δ‐1 in WT mice through chronic delivery of gabapentin resulted in a significant increase in food intake and BW gain after 7 days. Rescuing the α2δ‐1 deficit in VMH cells of CM, through targeted delivery of an adeno‐associated virus encoding α2δ‐1, mitigated the OV and BW gain and normalized glucose homeostasis. These data inform mechanisms underlying effects of BDNF in the VMH and identify a critical role for α2δ‐1 in feeding control.
High‐amylose maize resistant starch 2 favorably influences body composition in healthy overweight adults (641.4)
Authors: Maziarz Mindy , Preisendanz Sara , Sherrard Melanie , Paulson Rene , Imrhan Victorine , Prasad Chandan , Juma Shanil , Vijayagopal Parakat
Published: June 2021

As the worldwide obesity epidemic perseveres, efforts to identify ingredients that can aid in weight loss are heightened. A small reduction in fat mass can reduce chronic disease incidence and improve metabolic outcomes in overweight individuals. High‐amylose maize resistant starch 2 (HAM‐RS2) is a functional ingredient rich in fiber that may influence satiety and body composition. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HAM‐RS2 on satiety and body composition using a randomized‐controlled, double‐blind design. Twenty healthy, overweight (BMI 蠅 27) adults (17 female, 3 male) were recruited. Participants consumed either the treatment (n = 13) with 30 g HAM‐RS2, or placebo (n = 7) with fully‐digestible starch, daily for six weeks in muffins. Subjective satiety, using a visual analogue scale, and body composition, using anthropometrics and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), were measured at baseline and week six. A decrease in waist‐to‐hip ratio (‐0.0310, P = 0.019), but increase in hip circumference (3.5146 cm, P = 0.033) occurred from baseline to week six in the HAM‐RS2 group. Reductions in trunk fat mass, android fat mass, and fasting blood glucose also resulted from HAM‐RS2 consumption. No significant changes in body composition or subjective satiety from baseline to week six were found between groups. HAM‐RS2 appears to favorably shift fat mass patterns which may influence metabolic outcomes.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Texas Woman's University Research Enhancement Fund and Ingredion, Inc.
The effects of vitamin A and retinoic acid supplementation to neonatal rats or dietary vitamin A supplementation to lactating mothers on vitamin A metabolism and kinetics in neonatal rats (645.20)
Authors: Tan Libo , Green Michael , Ross A.
Published: June 2021

The objective of the present study was to explore how vitamin A (VA) supplementation to neonatal rats or lactating mothers affects VA status and kinetics in neonatal rats. Rat pups received an oral dose of [3H]retinol admixed with oil (group 1; control group) or VARA (group 2) on postnatal day 4 (P4); pups in group 3 were given a VARA dose on P2 and P3 and received an oral dose of [3H]retinol admixed with oil on P4; the diet fed to mothers of pups in group 4 was switched from VA marginal to VA supplemented on the birth day of pups and pups received an oral dose of [3H]retinol admixed with oil on P4. Mothers in group 1, 2, and 3 were fed a VA marginal diet through the study. Pups (n=3/time) were sacrificed and tissues were collected at different time points up to P18. Compared with control group, the single VARA dose significantly increased retinol concentration in plasma, liver and lungs in the first 2‐4 days. Two‐time pre VARA dose dramatically increased liver and lung retinol concentration in the first 8 days and retinol concentration declined afterwards. The effects of both ways of VARA administration disappeared at the end of the study. The effect of maternal VA supplementation on increasing pups’ liver and lung total retinol was not as rapid as that of VARA, however, it increased with time till the end of the study. All three ways of VA supplementation decreased the fraction of [3H]retinol remaining in plasma and increased the fraction in liver and lungs. To conclude, high dose VARA to neonatal rats has a dramatic but transient effect, while dietary VA supplementation to lactating mothers has a gradually increasing and sustained effect on improving VA status in neonatal rats.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH
Impact of provitamin A biofortified maize on vitamin A status in Zambian children (646.6)
Authors: Palmer Amanda , Chileshe Justin , Schulze Kerry , Siamusantu Ward , Klemm Rolf , Molobeka Ngosa , Barffour Maxwell , Kalungwana Ng'andwe , Arguello Margia , West Keith
Published: June 2021

Vitamin A (VA) deficiency remains a nutritional concern in Sub‐Saharan Africa. We conducted a cluster‐randomized controlled trial to test the impact of proVA biofortified maize flour consumption on VA status. All 4‐8 y old children (n=1,226) in a study area of ~400 km² in Mkushi, Zambia were enrolled and grouped by proximity into clusters of ~15‐25. We randomized clusters to: a) biofortified “orange” maize flour (n=25 clusters); b) white maize flour (n=25); or 3) non‐intervened control (n=14). Intervened clusters received 200 g maize flour, 6 d/wk for 6 mo prepared as per standardized recipes. Food packages were given in non‐intervened clusters after the trial. At baseline and follow‐up, we collected venous blood to measure serum retinol, beta‐carotene, CRP, and AGP. Groups were comparable at baseline. Although attendance did not differ (85%), median daily intake was higher in white (156 g/d) vs orange (140 g/d; providing ~75% RDA for VA) clusters. At follow‐up, serum β‐carotene was 0.3 μmol/L (95% CI: 0.2‐0.4) higher in orange clusters (p<0.001), but mean serum retinol (1.06 ± 0.43 μmol/L overall) and VA deficiency prevalence (18.6% overall; <0.7 μmol/L) did not differ by trial arm. In this marginally nourished population, regular biofortified maize flour consumption did not improve VA status.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by HarvestPlus and the Canadian International Development Agency