bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathway crosstalk between the central metabolic and heme biosynthetic pathways in Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Authors: Miura Daisuke , Tsurigami Ryoga , Kato Hiroyuki , Wariishi Hiroyuki , Shimizu Motoyuki
Published: January 2024

A comprehensive analysis to survey heme-binding proteins produced by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was achieved using a biotinylated heme–streptavidin beads system. Mitochondrial citrate synthase (PcCS), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (PcGAPDH), and 2-Cys thioredoxin peroxidase (mammalian HBP23 homolog) were identified as putative heme-binding proteins. Among these, PcCS and PcGAPDH were further characterized using heterologously expressed recombinant proteins. Difference spectra of PcCS titrated with hemin exhibited an increase in the Soret absorbance at 414 nm, suggesting that the axial ligand of the heme is a His residue. The activity of PcCS was strongly inhibited by hemin with Ki oxaloacetate of 8.7 μM and Ki acetyl-CoA of 5.8 μM. Since the final step of heme biosynthesis occurred at the mitochondrial inner membrane, the inhibition of PcCS by heme is thought to be a physiological event. The inhibitory mode of the heme was similar to that of CoA analogues, suggesting that heme binds to PcCS at His347 at the AcCoA–CoA binding site, which was supported by the homology model of PcCS. PcGAPDH was also inhibited by heme, with a lower concentration than that for PcCS. This might be caused by the different location of these enzymes. From the integration of these phenomena, it was concluded that metabolic regulations by heme in the central metabolic and heme synthetic pathways occurred in the mitochondria and cytosol. This novel pathway crosstalk between the central metabolic and heme biosynthetic pathways, via a heme molecule, is important in regulating the metabolic balance (heme synthesis, ATP synthesis, flux balance of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and cellular redox balance (NADPH production) during fungal aromatic degradation.

Key points

• A comprehensive survey of heme-binding proteins in P. chrysosporium was achieved.

• Several heme-binding proteins including CS and GAPDH were identified.

• A novel metabolic regulation by heme in the central metabolic pathways was found.
Discovery and biochemical characterization of thermostable glycerol oxidases
Authors: Santema Lars L. , Rotilio Laura , Xiang Ruite , Tjallinks Gwen , Guallar Victor , Mattevi Andrea , Fraaije Marco W.
Published: January 2024

Alditol oxidases are promising tools for the biocatalytic oxidation of glycerol to more valuable chemicals. By integrating in silico bioprospecting with cell-free protein synthesis and activity screening, an effective pipeline was developed to rapidly identify enzymes that are active on glycerol. Three thermostable alditol oxidases from Actinobacteria Bacterium, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, and Thermostaphylospora chromogena active on glycerol were discovered. The characterization of these three flavoenzymes demonstrated their glycerol oxidation activities, preference for alkaline conditions, and excellent thermostabilities with melting temperatures higher than 75 °C. Structural elucidation of the alditol oxidase from Actinobacteria Bacterium highlighted a constellation of side chains that engage the substrate through several hydrogen bonds, a histidine residue covalently bound to the FAD prosthetic group, and a tunnel leading to the active site. Upon computational simulations of substrate binding, a double mutant targeting a residue pair at the tunnel entrance was created and found to display an improved thermal stability and catalytic efficiency for glycerol oxidation. The hereby described alditol oxidases form a valuable panel of oxidative biocatalysts that can perform regioselective oxidation of glycerol and other polyols.

Key points

• Rapid pipeline designed to identify putative oxidases

• Biochemical and structural characterization of alditol oxidases

• Glycerol oxidation to more valuable derivatives

Graphical Abstract
Potassium sodium hydrogen citrate intervention on gut microbiota and clinical features in uric acid stone patients
Authors: Cao Cheng , Li Feng , Ding Qi , Jin Xiaohua , Tu Wenjian , Zhu Hailiang , Sun Mubin , Zhu Jin , Yang Dongrong , Fan Bo
Published: January 2024

The high recurrence rate of renal uric acid stone (UAS) poses a significant challenge for urologists, and potassium sodium hydrogen citrate (PSHC) has been proven to be an effective oral dissolution drug. However, no studies have investigated the impact of PSHC on gut microbiota and its metabolites during stone dissolution therapy. We prospectively recruited 37 UAS patients and 40 healthy subjects, of which 12 patients completed a 3-month pharmacological intervention. Fasting vein blood was extracted and mid-stream urine was retained for biochemical testing. Fecal samples were collected for 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content determination. UAS patients exhibited comorbidities such as obesity, hypertension, gout, and dyslipidemia. The richness and diversity of the gut microbiota were significantly decreased in UAS patients, Bacteroides and Fusobacterium were dominant genera while Subdoligranulum and Bifidobacterium were poorly enriched. After PSHC intervention, there was a significant reduction in stone size accompanied by decreased serum uric acid and increased urinary pH levels. The abundance of pathogenic bacterium Fusobacterium was significantly downregulated following the intervention, whereas there was an upregulation observed in SCFA-producing bacteria Lachnoclostridium and Parasutterella, leading to a significant elevation in butyric acid content. Functions related to fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism within the microbiota showed upregulation following PSHC intervention. The correlation analysis revealed a positive association between stone pathogenic bacteria abundance and clinical factors for stone formation, while a negative correlation with SCFAs contents. Our preliminary study revealed that alterations in gut microbiota and metabolites were the crucial physiological adaptation to PSHC intervention. Targeted regulation of microbiota and SCFA holds promise for enhancing drug therapy efficacy and preventing stone recurrence.

Key points

• Bacteroides and Fusobacterium were identified as dominant genera for UAS patients

• After PSHC intervention, Fusobacterium decreased and butyric acid content increased

• The microbiota increased capacity for fatty acid synthesis after PSHC intervention
Belastungsbezogene Störungen in der ICD-11
Authors: Eberle David J. , Maercker Andreas
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund und Methode

Die 11. Version der Internationalen Statistischen Klassifikation der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme (ICD-11) hat im Bereich der psychischen Störungen diverse Neuerungen implementiert, wie z. B. die Einführung der belastungsbezogenen Störungen als neue Störungsgruppe. Darin enthalten sind u. a. die posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS), die komplexe PTBS (KPTBS), die anhaltende Trauerstörung und die Anpassungsstörung. Das Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, die genannten Störungsbilder differenziert darzustellen und wichtige Neuerungen im Vergleich zur ICD-10 herauszuarbeiten.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Die PTBS und die Anpassungsstörung wurden in der ICD-11 neu konzeptualisiert und sind im Vergleich zur ICD-10 vereinfacht und spezifischer definiert. Die KPTBS stellt ein neues Störungsbild dar, das in ihrer Psychopathologie über die PTBS hinausgeht und eine sog. Störung der Selbstorganisation aufweist. Auch die anhaltende Trauerstörung wurde in der ICD-11 neu eingeführt und besitzt ein für Personen in Trauer spezifisches Störungsprofil.
Potential role of camel, mare milk, and their products in inflammatory rheumatic diseases
Authors: Kocyigit Emine , Abdurakhmanov Ruslan , Kocyigit Burhan Fatih
Published: January 2024

Milk and dairy products serve as a significant dietary component for people all over the world. Milk is a source of essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, fats, and water that support newborns' growth, development, and physiological processes. Milk contains various essential biological compounds that contribute to overall health and well-being. These compounds are crucial in immune system regulation, bone health, and gut microbiota. Milk and dairy products are primarily from cows, buffalos, goats, and sheep. Recently, there has been a notable increase in camel and mare milk consumption and its associated products due to an increasing attraction to ethnic cuisines and a greater awareness of food biodiversity. Camel and mare milk possess diverse nutritional and therapeutic properties, displaying potential functional foods. Camel milk has been linked to various health advantages, encompassing antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antiallergic, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. Camel milk has exhibited notable efficacy in mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for inflammatory disorders. Nevertheless, although extensively recorded, the potential health benefits of mare's milk have yet to be investigated, including its impact on inflammatory conditions. This article highlights the therapeutic potential of camel and mare milk and its derived products in treating inflammatory rheumatic disorders, specifically focusing on their anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory capabilities. These alternative types of milk, which do not come from cows, offer potential avenues for investigating innovative strategies to regulate and reduce inflammatory conditions.
Low incidence of BRAF and NRAS mutations in a population with a high incidence of melanoma
Authors: Neville Grace , Marzario Barbara , Shilling David , Hand Collette K , Heffron Cynthia
Published: January 2024

Reported rates of BRAF mutation in Irish cutaneous melanoma cohorts are lower than the reported international data. We aimed to assess the mutational status of a cohort of primary cutaneous melanomas and to correlate it with clinical follow-up data.

A total of 92 cases of primary cutaneous melanoma diagnosed at a single institution in 2012 were analyzed. Regions containing common mutations in the BRAF, NRAS, KIT, and KRAS genes were investigated by PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing. Demographic details, tumor characteristics, and 10-year outcome data were also obtained.

Ten cases with BRAF V600E mutations (11.6%) and five (5.49%) NRAS mutations (4 at Q61R, 1 at Q61K) were detected. No statistically significant differences were noted between groups for age, gender, depth of invasion, nodal status, or recurrence status (p ≥ 0.05).

These findings suggest that the Irish population has a markedly lower incidence of BRAF and NRAS mutations in melanoma than those reported in other cohorts.
Plasma levels of neurogenic inflammation related neuropeptides in pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia and their potential diagnostic value in distinguishing viral and bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Bekdas Mervan , Saygi Bilgi , Kilinc Yasemin Baranoglu , Kilinc Erkan
Published: January 2024

Neurogenic inflammation is involved in the development and progression of respiratory inflammatory diseases. However, its role in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains unclear. We therefore aimed to investigate plasma levels of neurogenic inflammation-related neuropeptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and procalcitonin (PCT) in pediatric patients with CAP and to assess their diagnostic value in viral and bacterial/mixed pneumonia. A total of 124 pediatric patients with CAP (1 month-18 years old) and 56 healthy children of similar ages were prospectively enrolled. The patients were classified as viral (n = 99) and bacterial/mixed (n = 25) pneumonia. Plasma levels of the peptides were quantified by ELISA. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate possible diagnostic value of the peptides. While plasma levels of CGRP, VIP and PCT were significantly higher in patients with CAP than in the control group, respectively, NPY levels were significantly lower. Moreover, plasma levels of all neuropeptides and PCT were significantly higher in bacterial pneumonia patients compared to viral pneumonia patients. ROC analysis revealed that CGRP, SP and NPY had a diagnostic value in distinguishing viral and bacterial/mixed pneumonia.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that these neuropeptides may be implicated in pediatric CAP. CGRP, SP and NPY together may be a promising candidate in distinguishing viral and bacterial/mixed pneumonia, however, for this, further studies are needed.

What is Known:• Neurogenic inflammation contributes to the development and progression of respiratory inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma.

What is New:• Plasma levels of neurogenic inflammation related neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and neuropeptide Y are changed in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia. Calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and neuropeptide Y are promising candidates in distinguishing viral and bacterial/mixed pneumonia.
The pelvic girdle in extant gonorynchiformes (Teleostei: Otomorpha)
Authors: Koch Ann-Katrin , Moritz Timo
Published: January 2024

Otophysi is one of the most important fish taxa of the world, as they make up for roughly 28% of all fish species and about two-thirds of all freshwater species worldwide. To understand their success and evolutionary history their sister-group, the Gonorynchiformes, take a key-position, e.g., for reconstructing morphological conditions in the latest common ancestors. Gonorynchiformes comprising only 40 species and have been often studied for that reason. Their pelvic girdle, however, got only little attention so far. Therefore, we studied this structure in extant gonorynchiforms and described the ontogeny in Kneria stappersii. In gonorynchiforms: (1) their basipterygium is principally flat (without dorsal or ventral projections) and placed in horizontal position, (2) has a ‘simple’ shape, i.e., it has only a single anterior process with small cartilaginous tips and becomes wider in its posterior part with a medial portion connecting to the basipterygium of the other side; (3) three radials and a pelvic splint are present, and (4) a prominent posterior process is missing. Although, the morphological situation is a lot similar as seen in clupeiforms and alepocephaliforms. Therefore, these characters have likely been present in the stem of Otomorpha, Ostariophysi, and Otophysi, but within the latter taxon eventually, a higher diversity of pelvic girdle morphology arose during evolution.
An asymptotic formulation for boundary value problems in a non-local elastic half-space
Authors: Şahin Onur
Published: January 2024

The primary purpose of this study is to develop an asymptotic formulation for boundary value problems in a non-local elastic half-space. For the sake of simplicity, the non-locality is limited to the vertical direction, which is represented by a one-dimensional exponential kernel, and the problem is formulated within the framework of Eringen’s theory. The proposed asymptotic approach is based on the assumption that the internal characteristic length is significantly smaller than a typical wavelength. This assumption allows for the development of an asymptotic formulation that expresses the considered boundary value problem in terms of local stresses. Additionally, the formulation includes explicit correction terms to the classical boundary conditions, which arise from the non-local effects. As an example application of the derived formulation, the Rayleigh surface waves in a plane strain problem are considered. Finally, numerical results are presented for certain specific values of elastic parameters to illustrate the effects of non-locality on the analyzed system.
Examining the changes in women's lives after the hysterectomy operation: Experiences of women from Turkey
Authors: Turan Ayşenur , Karabayır Hilal Başak , Kaya İffet Güler
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The aim of the study is to examine what kind of changes the operation has brought about in the social and psychological life of women.

Methods

The study was a hermeneutic-phenomenological research conducted using qualitative research methods. It took place between May and July 2023 at a university hospital located in Istanbul, Turkey. Following ethical approval, the study included a total of 24 women who had undergone a 'total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.' These participants were selected using a combination of maximum diversity sampling and random sampling methods.

Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured interview form. The interviews were conducted using face-to-face interview techniques and in-depth interview methods. Qualitative data analysis involved using the coding paradigm of Grounded Theory and Straus and Corbin's coding framework. For the analysis of quantitative data, SPSS version 28.0 was employed, while qualitative data were analyzed using MaxQDA Analytics Pro 2022.

Results

The study found that the participants had a mean age of 47 ± 7.53, and the majority, 66.7%, had not reached menopause before the operation. The qualitative analysis of the semi-structured interviews revealed five main themes, which were identified as follows: 'hysterectomy experiences', 'the impact of hysterectomy on sexual life', 'the significance attributed to the uterus', 'the significance attributed to femininity', and 'self-efficacy after hysterectomy'.

Conclusions

The study revealed that women experienced changes in self-perception, body image, a sense of organ loss, and developed negative attitudes towards menopause following a hysterectomy. Additionally, there was a noticeable connection between the meanings attributed to the uterus and femininity, which was often influenced by cultural and social factors. In light of these findings, it is recommended that women receive counseling from healthcare professionals before undergoing a hysterectomy. This guidance can help women better understand and cope with the physical, emotional, and cultural aspects of the procedure.
The TsiogkaSpaeth grid for detection of neurological visual field defects: a validation study
Authors: Tsiogka Anastasia , Moster Mark L. , Chatzistefanou Klio I. , Karmiris Efthymios , Samoli Evangelia , Giachos Ioannis , Droutsas Konstantinos , Papaconstantinou Dimitrios , Spaeth George L.
Published: January 2024

Background

The TsiogkaSpaeth (TS) grid is a new, low-cost, and easy to access portable test for visual field (VF) screening which could be used by clinicians in everyday clinical practice. Our study aimed to determine the validity of an innovative screening grid test for identifying neurological disease-associated VF defects.

Methods

We enrolled two groups of participants: We assessed the one eye of ten consecutive adult patients with different types of neurological disease associated VF defects and ten eyes of controls in each group. The TS grid test was performed in each group. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the TS grid scotoma area were assessed using the 24–2 VF Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) as the reference standard.

Results

Sensitivity and specificity of the TS grid test were 100% and 90.91%, respectively. The area under curve was 0.9545 with 95% CI 0.87–1.00. There was a significant correlation between the number of missed locations on the TS grid test and the visual field index of the HFA 24–2 (r = 0.9436, P < .0001).

Conclusion

The sensitivity and specificity of the TS grid test were high in detecting VF defects in neurological disease. The TS grid test appears to be a reliable, low-cost, and easily accessed alternative to traditional VF tests in diagnosing typical neurological patterns of visual field defects. It would be useful in screening subjects for neurologically derived ocular morbidity in everyday clinical practice and in remote areas deprived of specialized health care services.
A survey and risk screening of non-native ant species colonising greenhouses in Hungary
Authors: Báthori Ferenc , Herczeg Gábor , Vilizzi Lorenzo , Jégh Tamás , Kakas Csilla , Petrovics Milán , Csősz Sándor
Published: January 2024

Invasive species represent a severe threat for ecosystem health worldwide. With increasing global trade and ongoing climate change, monitoring non-native species and their hotspots of potential spread is becoming increasingly important. Invasive ants are one of the most problematic groups of organisms costing billions of dollars a year globally to control. Therefore, emerging ant invasions require more focused engagement to assess their extent, and effective measures to prevent the spread of non-native invasive species can be time consuming and expensive to implement. In addition to places with high commercial traffic, greenhouses are potential hotspots for non-native species as they can be entry points for invasions. However, the role of greenhouses in ant invasions is still understudied. In this study, an extensive survey of greenhouses in zoos and botanical gardens of Hungary was conducted to search for non-native ant species. The five species found in the surveys and an additional two known from Hungary were then screened for their risk of invasiveness in the country under both current and predicted climate conditions. Three species were found to pose a considerable conservation and economic risk for Hungary, and one is already present in the wild. Increased monitoring of greenhouses and other heated premises for the presence of non-native species and targeted chemical eradication are needed to prevent their spread. The risk screening method employed in this study can be applied to a wide range of terrestrial animal taxa, thereby providing a basis for developing more effective prevention and control strategies against invasive species.
Variant allele frequency in circulating tumor DNA correlated with tumor disease burden and predicted outcomes in patients with advanced breast cancer
Authors: Zhong Jianxin , Jiang Hanfang , Liu Xiaoran , Liao Hao , Xie Feng , Shao Bin , Jia Shidong , Li Huiping
Published: January 2024

Purpose

In patients with first-line advanced breast cancer (ABC), the correlation between ctDNA variant allele frequency (VAF) and tumor disease burden, and its prognostic value remains poorly investigated.

Methods

This study included patients with ABC diagnosed at Peking University Cancer Hospital who performed ctDNA test before receiving first-line treatment. Baseline plasma samples were collected for assessing ctDNA alterations and VAF with next-generation sequencing. The sum of tumor target lesion diameters (SLD) was measured with imaging methods according to RECIST 1.1 criteria.

Results

The final cohort included 184 patients. The median age of the cohort was 49.4 (IQR: 42.3–56.8) years. The median VAF was 15.6% (IQR: 5.4%-33.7%). VAF showed positive correlation with SLD in patients with relatively large tumor lesions (r = 0.314, p = 0.003), but not in patients with small tumor lesions (p = 0.226). VAF was associated with multiple metastasis sites (p = 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high VAF was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (HR: 3.519, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.149–5.761), and first-line progression-free survival (PFS) (HR: 2.352, 95%CI: 1.462–3.782). Combined VAF and SLD improved prediction performance, both median OS and PFS of patients in VAF(H)/SLD(H) group were significantly longer than VAF(L)/SLD(L) group (mOS: 49.3 vs. 174.1 months; mPFS: 9.6 vs. 25.3 months).

Conclusion

ctDNA VAF associated with tumor disease burden, and was a prognostic factor for patients with ABC. A combination of ctDNA test and radiographic imaging might enhance tumor burden evaluation, and improve prognosis stratification in patients with ABC.
Population structure and history of North Atlantic Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus musculus) inferred from whole genome sequence analysis
Authors: Jossey Sushma , Haddrath Oliver , Loureiro Livia , Weir Jason T. , Lim Burton K. , Miller Jacqueline , Scherer Stephen W. , Goksøyr Anders , Lille-Langøy Roger , Kovacs Kit M. , Lydersen Christian , Routti Heli , Engstrom Mark D.
Published: January 2024

Knowledge of genetic diversity and structure is essential for developing conservation strategies for endangered species. Blue whales were hunted to near extinction in the mid-twentieth century. Not-withstanding almost 380,000 animals killed globally, much remains unknown about their population structure and migration patterns. Herein, we use whole genome sequencing to elucidate the poorly understood population genetics of North Atlantic (NA) blue whales. We generated a de novo genome assembly for a NA blue whale to analyze 19 other whole genomic sequences and 31 complete mitochondrial genomes. Present-day and historical samples (earliest from 1876) from the Atlantic and Antarctic Oceans were included to understand the impact of whaling on the genetic diversity of this species. We found low but statistically significant population structuring and high genetic diversity. Demographic modeling using fastsimcoal2 rejected an absence of gene flow between eastern and western NA blue whales and suggested an asymmetric west to east gene flow. Introgression estimated using D-statistics between blue and fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), was observed in all present-day samples. This gene flow was found to be unidirectional from fin whales to blue whales and accounts for ~ 3.5% of the NA blue whale’s genome. Our sequencing and population structure analyses provide a genomic baseline to inform ongoing conservation strategies for this iconic species.
Framing a holistic model of reasoning in the design process in technology education
Authors: Hultmark Ellinor , Engström Susanne , Gullberg Annica
Published: January 2024

Understanding the reasoning in the design process is essential to comprehend design practice and promote students’ learning. Followingly, to effectively support students through the design process, it is crucial to pay attention to their reasoning. Therefore, in this study, we have built a model for students’ reasoning in the design process in technology education to be used as a utility in further research. Here, reasoning is viewed as the process of using premises to reach a conclusion. Drawing from philosophy of technology and philosophy of technology education, the model introduces relevant concepts that are particularly useful in technology education. The model incorporates two types of reasoning: means-end reasoning and cause-effect reasoning. Means-end reasoning involves identifying actions to achieve a desired end. While cause-effect reasoning leads to conclusions in the form of beliefs about causes, effects, consequences, and side-effects, which is important when predicting and evaluating in the design process. The model highlights the interplay between these two types of reasoning, where students would constantly move between them in the design process. The model involves a holistic view of the reasoning and the design process, rather than taking a purely instrumental approach. That the model fuse two types of reasoning, makes it applicable at any point in the design process and across different contexts in technology education. Overall, the model provides a comprehensive view of reasoning in the design process in technology education.
“Devastating…Having My Child on the Opposite Side of a Window”: Family Visiting Experiences and Considerations for Supporting Youths with Incarcerated Parents
Authors: Jones Leslie N. , Keller Elizabeth G. , Kelleher Kelly J. , Chisolm Deena J. , Boch Samantha J.
Published: January 2024

Most people who are incarcerated in the US are parents, yet little is known about the context and experiences of family connection when a parent is incarcerated. This study aims to provide family perspectives and experiences during a parent’s incarceration for providers and organizations to consider when supporting children who have incarcerated parent(s) and their families throughout incarceration. From March to August 2020, we recruited adolescents (12–18 years) who have or had a parent incarcerated, caregivers of children of incarcerated parents, and parents upon one year of release. Families were recruited by emailing flyers to community-based organizations and schools using convenience-based and snowball recruitment methods. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. We interviewed 26 participants: 10 youth, 6 parents released from incarceration in the last year, and 10 caregivers, who mainly resided in the state of Ohio. Three themes emerged during the incarceration phase: the high cost of parental incarceration (financial, emotional, and visiting), barriers to connection (intimidating and strict process, physical barriers, quality of phone calls), and family resource suggestions (age and developmental communication resources, community-based supports, stigma reduction). Families primarily discussed these themes along with the need for additional individual and community-based supports. Findings relay the importance of family-centered interventions during incarceration to reduce barriers to staying connected. We discuss families’ suggestions on supportive services to help the family unit access resources and improve communication during incarceration, to better support the next phase of transition, reintegrating back into society.
A rotary extrusion system with a rectangular-orifice nozzle: toward adaptive resolution in material extrusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Gharehpapagh Bahar , Dilberoglu Ugur M. , Yaman Ulas , Dolen Melik
Published: January 2024

Material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM) has revolutionized the production of complex designs while minimizing the amount of effort required due to its simple production pipeline. However, MEAM naturally comes with a well-known trade-off; higher build resolution often tends to enhance the product quality at the cost of a slower build rate. Nozzles, the standard tool for thermoplastic extrusion in MEAM, have evolved into a crucial component of the process for controlling the product’s build resolution. The purpose of this study is to investigate the details of a novel extrusion system that makes use of a rotating nozzle with an unconventional aperture, in contrast to its typical (i.e., circular-orifice) counterparts. The unique nozzle configuration that lacks axial symmetry allows for precise control over the effective dimension of the extrusion via rotational guiding. By positioning the oblong orifice at intermediate orientations, the presented approach seeks to provide continuously variable intralayer and interlayer resolutions for MEAM processes. This paper explores the distinctive characteristics of this new nozzle design as well as the potential uses of the novel extrusion system. The outcomes of the conducted tests demonstrate the proof-of-concept for creating variable bead width within the layers, in addition to adaptable layer heights throughout the 3D objects. Possible limitations of the new approach and future perspectives are discussed in detail.
Potassium doping of sputtered MoS2 films by CVD method
Authors: Altuntepe Ali , Erkan Serkan , Olgar Mehmet Ali , Toplu Güldöne , Zan Recep
Published: January 2024

Doping is an essential approach to enhance the electrical properties of 2D materials. In the present study, two-stage process was used to obtain potassium-doped (K-doped) MoS2. The MoS2 films were grown by magnetron sputtering technique and followed by doping process employing CVD method. The influence of KOH molarity and annealing time on the structural properties of the MoS2 films was investigated thoroughly. 0.2–0.8-M KOH was used to obtain K-doped MoS2. The increase in the molarity of KOH caused a shift in the optical band gap from 1.98 to 1.81 eV. It was observed that increasing the KOH molarity resulted in the loss of homogeneity in the MoS2 films, the use of 0.2-M KOH for the growth of K-doped MoS2 exhibited the most promising results according to performed analyzes. In addition, annealing time also played a critical role in the growth of K-doped MoS2. The dwell times of 5, 10, and 15 min were also used and the effect of molarity and dwell times was investigated. The optical band gap was also shifted from 1.9 to 1.71 eV with increasing the dwell time of KOH. Longer annealing times resulted in the deterioration of the MoS2 film structure. Consequently, an annealing time of 5 min was found to be the optimum value for the growth of K-doped MoS2 film. Overall, this study demonstrates that successful growth of high-quality and homogeneous K-doped MoS2 films which can be employed for various optoelectronic applications.
New directions in nuclear data research for accelerator-based production of medical radionuclides
Authors: Qaim Syed M.
Published: January 2024

Extensive nuclear data studies have been carried out over the last 30 years in the context of accelerator-based production of radionuclides, especially at energies below 30 MeV, and the achieved database is fairly good. Yet there are some deficiencies or new needs of data. Those needs are generally associated with new emerging clinical applications of radionuclides, e.g. theranostic approach, bimodal imaging, radioimmuno-therapy, etc. This article gives an overview of on-going nuclear data research utilizing charged-particle accelerators in four directions, namely low-energy region, intermediate energy range, use of the α-particle beam, and utilization of fast neutrons generated at accelerators. Wherever possible, a comparison of experimental data with theoretical estimates is presented and evaluated (standardised) data, if available, are also briefly discussed.
Literacy instruction from afar: evidence for the effectiveness of a remotely delivered language-rich reading programme
Authors: Downing Cameron , Evans-Jones Gwennant , Calabrich Simone Lira , Wynne Caspar , Cartin Rachel , Dunton Joanna , Elliott Ruth , Caravolas Markéta , Hulme Charles , Jones Manon
Published: January 2024

There is good evidence that high-quality instruction targeting reading-related skills in the classroom leads to gains in reading. However, considerably less is known about the possible efficacy of remote instruction. This study evaluated the efficacy of an interactive evidence-based language-rich literacy programme. 184 children were randomly allocated either to an 8-week remotely delivered language-rich literacy programme or to a wait-list control group. Children in the programme arm (n = 77 at analysis) completed 16-lessons remotely targeting vocabulary, phonemic awareness, reading, spelling, and narrative skills. Children in the wait-list arm (n = 58 at analysis) received business-as-usal from their schools. Children’s word reading accuracy and phonemic awareness was measured prior to and after the programme delivery period. Children receiving the literacy programme made significantly larger gains than the wait-list control group on reading accuracy (d = 0.32) and phonemic awareness (d = 0.63). This study demonstrates that a remotely-delivered literacy programme is effective. These findings have important implications for delivering specialist literacy instruction at scale.
Development of Catalytically Functionalized Polyester-Based Filters Produced by Flame Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Bissinger D. , Honerkamp J. H. , Roldan J. , Bremes J. , Kannen K. , Lake M. K. , Roppertz A.
Published: January 2024

For industrial processes—like waste incineration—it is necessary to reduce solid components (like dust or fly ash) as well as gaseous components (like dioxins, CO and other harmful hydrocarbons) to fulfill legal requirements. Therefore, catalytically functionalized filters based on polymers already exist. However, it is known that such filters are always constructed in multiple layers to prevent the migration of catalyst particles. This study demonstrates that it is possible to prepare a stable catalytic functionalized single-layer filter based on polyester needle felt by using flame spray pyrolysis. The catalyst is a low temperature active Pt/TiO2 with a loading weight of 38 g/l on the filter. Via SEM images the uniform distribution of the catalytic particles even in the deeper regions of the single-layer filter was proven. The structure was confirmed after experiments under realistic conditions—migration could not be obtained. Likewise, it was obtained that the oxidative conversion of carbon monoxide (CO) to carbon dioxide (CO2) is completely even at temperatures below 100 °C. Furthermore, comparative studies with catalysts on a honeycomb and a ceramic foam have shown that the conversion on the polyester needle felt textile catalyst is comparable.
Effective Biosorption of Cesium and Strontium Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Silica Loaded with Aspergillus brasiliensis
Authors: Abass Mohamed R. , Kandeel Eman M. , Abou-Lilah Riham A. , Mohamed Mokhtar K.
Published: January 2024

In this study, the batch technique was used for the sorption of Sr(II) and Cs(I) onto silica loaded with Aspergillus brasiliensis (AB@S). The precipitation technique was used to synthesize the AB@S bio-sorbent, which was then evaluated using several analytical instruments such as XRD, FT-IR, and SEM. The results of this investigation revealed that the sorption process had a short equilibrium time (40 min). The distribution coefficient values have a sequence order Sr(II) ˃ Cs(I). AB@S sorbent has saturation capacity for Sr(II) and Cs(I) 72.2 and 26.1 mg g−1, respectively. The reaction kinetics follow the pseudo-second-order model with capacity values of 5.01 and 3.53 mg g−1 for Sr(II) and Cs(I), respectively. Applicability of Langmuir isotherms has capacity values of 66.3 and 23.38 mg g−1 for Sr(II) and Cs(I), respectively. Thermodynamics data are endothermic and spontaneous. The AB@S is a promising bio-sorbent for the removal of 85Sr and 134Cs from simulated radioactive waste (SRW). The investigation proved that the AB@S is suitable to adsorb Sr(II) and Cs(I) from aqueous solutions and could be considered potential material for the purification of effluent contaminated with these ions.
The analysis of classical, polynomial regression and cubic spline mathematical models in hemp biodiesel optimization: an experimental comparison
Authors: Aslan Volkan
Published: January 2024

Post-pandemic inflationist pressures, climate changes and extremes, regional conflicts, and soaring food prices caused the food crisis to increase rapidly worldwide. This global problem directs producers and researchers to use oils used as feedstock in biodiesel production effectively. In this context, it is important to assay the transesterification parameters and conduct new optimization studies to increase biodiesel yield. In this study, methyl ester was produced from hemp oil by transesterification using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Next, classical optimization study was carried out to determine the effects of catalyst amount, alcohol:oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time variables on biodiesel yield. Secondly, the cubic spline mathematical model (CSMM) and polynomial regression mathematical model (PRMM) were applied to the first data of this optimization. Among these optimization methods, the utmost biodiesel yield registered was 96.115% at hemp seed oil (HSO):methanol molar ratio of 5.59:1, catalyst concentration of 0.531 wt%, reaction temperature of 42.5 °C, reaction time of 62.1 min, and agitation intensity of 600 rpm at PRMM. Some vital fuel properties obtained from HSO biodiesels as a result of three optimizations satisfied the EN 14214 standard. The results illustrated that the optimal yields from CSMM and PRMM are 0.765% and 1.065% higher, respectively, according to the maximum efficiency obtained from the classical optimization. The outcomes showed that CSMM and PRMM are cost-effective, easy to handle, and promising new approaches.
Investigation of the effects of small fishing ports on the shoreline: a case study of Samsun, Turkey
Authors: Ozturk Derya , Maras Erdem Emin
Published: January 2024

Shoreline change analysis is crucial for identifying coastal issues and understanding their underlying causes. This study focuses on investigating the coastal impacts of the Derekoy Fishing Port in Samsun, a city located on the Black Sea coast of Turkey. Temporal changes between 1984 and 2021 were analyzed using Landsat-5 TM/Landsat-8 OLI satellite images in conjunction with image processing and geographic information systems (GIS). Net shoreline movement (NSM), shoreline change envelope (SCE), end point rate (EPR), and linear regression rate (LRR) methods were used to investigate the changes in the shoreline. Polygon overlay analysis was utilized to determine the areas of erosion and accretion. The results indicate that prior to the port's construction, the coast remained relatively stable during the period of 1984–1995. However, sediment accretion occurred on the updrift side of the port, while erosion intensified on the downdrift side during the port's construction from 1995 to 2004. Despite the implementation of coastal protection structures to combat erosion, complete prevention was not achieved, and erosion shifted further eastward. Throughout 1984–2021, approximately 15.62 hectares of beaches were lost due to erosion, with a maximum value of -56.2 m recorded. The coastal erosion and the construction of coastal protection structures have disturbed coastal morphology and resulted in various environmental and socio-economic issues along the 19 Mayis and Atakum beaches. This study reveals the significant consequences of a small fishing port built without proper planning and adequate precautions, drawing attention to the problems.
Clinical use of thyroglobulin: not only thyroid cancer
Authors: Berlińska Agata , Świątkowska-Stodulska Renata
Published: January 2024

Thyroglobulin (TG) is a dimeric glycoprotein produced exclusively by mature thyroid tissue and stored within the follicular lumen. It is essential for the organification of iodine and the production of thyroid hormones. The concentration of TG in the bloodstream varies between individuals and depends on factors such as thyroid mass, stimulation of the gland by thyrotropin or autoantibodies, and tissue destruction. TG is essential to monitor patients with differentiated thyroid cancer; however, its use is not limited only to this clinical entity. Measurement of circulating TG can provide better insight into numerous clinical scenarios, such as destructive thyroiditis, presence of ectopic thyroid tissue, thyroid trauma, factitious thyrotoxicosis, or iodine nutrition. Lately, TG has found its new clinical use in immune checkpoint-related thyroid dysfunction. TG measurement should be performed carefully in patients with antithyroglobulin antibodies due to possible laboratory interferences. In this review, we offer a summary of current knowledge about the clinical use of TG and the implications it brings to daily practice.
The effect of high-temperature environment on the rheology and filtration properties of Rhizophora spp. tannin-lignosulfonate as bio-based additive in water-based drilling fluid
Authors: Ghazali Nurul Aimi , Naganawa Shigemi , Masuda Yoshihiro
Published: January 2024

Bentonite suspension in water-based drilling fluid is susceptible to deterioration in high-temperature environments, hence requiring a deflocculant to stabilize the solid particles. Considering the use of highly toxic chrome-based deflocculant in the industry, Rhizophora spp. tannin-lignosulfonate (RTLS) was synthesized in this study as an alternative deflocculant. A viscometer was used to study the rheological properties, and the filtration performance was evaluated using low-pressure low-temperature and high-pressure high-temperature filter press in accordance with the American Petroleum Institute standard procedure. The addition of 0.5 wt% RTLS to water-based drilling fluid (WBDF) was effective in a significant reduction of the plastic viscosity (PV) and yield point (YP) of WBDF at elevated temperatures. As the amount of RTLS added to the suspension exceeds 0.5 wt%, the effect on PV and YP becomes negligible. A higher fluid loss of 13 mL was observed in the WBDF without RTLS aged at 177 °C. The addition of 2.0 wt% RTLS reduced the fluid loss to 10.7 mL. This suggests that RTLS is an effective deflocculant that can be used to improve the filtration properties of WBDF at high temperatures. The morphology of RTLS filter cakes was examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX). The interlayer between clay particles was identified as RTLS, a natural additive that plays a vital role in enhancing filtration while minimizing fluid loss. The outcomes of this research are promising, and this non-toxic deflocculant has the potential to replace chrome-based deflocculants that are still in use for borehole drilling.
A productivity equation of horizontal wells in the bottom water drive reservoir with an interlayer
Authors: Cao Jie , Sun Siwei , Liu Xuesong , Wang Yuezhi
Published: January 2024

The interlayer can effectively prevent the ridge of bottom water and has a non-negligible influence on the flow dynamics of oil and gas in the reservoir. In view of the above problems, this paper studies the influence of a bottom water reservoir with an interlayer on the critical productivity of horizontal wells and establishes a coupling model of seepage and wellbore flow in a bottom water reservoir with an interlayer. The critical productivity of horizontal wells in a bottom water reservoir with an interlayer can be evaluated more accurately. Firstly, the three-dimensional seepage field is approximately decomposed into internal and external seepage fields, and the critical productivity formulas of internal and external seepage fields are solved, respectively. Using the equivalent seepage resistance, the critical productivity formula of horizontal wells in interlayer bottom water reservoirs is obtained. The results are compared with the calculation results of the traditional productivity formula and the simulation results of the commercial software ECLIPSE. Second, based on the mass conservation principle and momentum conservation principle, the wellbore-reservoir coupling mathematical model of a horizontal well is established by the discrete method. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the selected parameters is discussed in detail. The results show that: (1) compared with the traditional productivity algorithm, the algorithm considers the influence of interlayers on productivity and gives a detailed theory, a specific calculation process, and the importance of accurate prediction of wellbore flow. (2) The model is calculated by an example, and the calculation results are compared with the traditional formula and the commercial simulator ECLIPSE. The results show that the horizontal well productivity formula considering the influence of interlayer is closer to the simulation results of commercial software ECLIPSE, and the relative error is 8.56%. (3) The established coupling model considers the influence of interlayer radius length and horizontal well length. The general trend is that productivity gradually increases with an increase in interlayer radius length or horizontal well length, but the growth rate gradually decreases.