bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Reputation for Product Innovation Through Strategic Co-Branding
Authors: Linder Christian , Sperber Sonja Christina
Published: September 2017

In this chapter, we describe how the cooperation between an original equipment manufacturer and the supplier possibly influences consumers' product perception. In particular, this chapter focuses on joint brand appearance of the product and explains under which conditions the reputation of an innovative supplier affects the decision-making of consumers. Building on ingredient branding literature, we develop a model explaining the effect of the appearance of the manufacturer and the supplier on the final product as cue, influencing the consumers' quality judgment. The chapter contributes to a new and ongoing discussion on the management and strategic potential of ingredient branding offerings, their potential application fields with regard to practical examples, as well as the associated limits and risks.
Are You Really a Child?
Authors: Dmitruk Natalia
Published: September 2017

A multitude of genres and types of characters, in Japanese comics and animated series, suggests many thought-provoking themes; i.e., questions about human nature. Many artists can see the answers to these questions in artificial humans – both cyborgs and androids. In this research, the author analyzes Japanese texts of popular culture in which artificial children are the protagonists of the stories. The author aims to compare a child figure in sociological discourse, considered there as vulnerable, to the representations in manga and anime, in which characters are created as children or technologically-modified prepubescents. In this chapter, the author presents ideas and culture associations for the concepts of android and cyborg. The chapter focuses also on analysis of the characters from Japanese comic books and animations – both androids and then cyborgs – according to transhumanistic and posthumanistic theories. The analysis results in a conclusion that a child figure is dehumanized in the context of cyborg and android child protagonists.
Mechanology, Mindstorms, and the Genesis of Robots
Authors: Chesher Chris
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the emergence of educational robotics, drawing on the philosophy of technology of Gilbert Simondon. In the 1950s, Simondon argued that the dominant understandings of technology are personified in the popular imaginings of the robot. These attitudes are polarised between simple instrumentalism, and dystopian anxiety about technology overcoming humankind. To improve the conceptualisation of technics he took an approach called mechanology, developing a suite of concepts that grasped technology in new ways: technological genesis; the margin of indetermination; lineages of abstract and concrete technologies; and the associated milieu. These concepts are useful in understanding the tradition of educational robotics starting in the 1970s, with Seymour Papert's ‘turtle' robot serving as a resource for learning mathematics. Since the 1980s, LEGO's Mindstorms kits have introduced learners and consumers to robotics concepts. Since the 1990s, theorists of embodied cognition in the 2000s have made use of Mindstorms to draw attention to the limits of symbolic intelligence.
Could Robots Feel Pain?
Authors: MacLennan Bruce
Published: September 2017

This chapter considers the question of whether a robot could feel pain or experience other emotions and proposes empirical methods for answering this question. After a review of the biological functions of emotion and pain, the author argues that autonomous robots have similar functions that need to be fulfilled, which require systems analogous to emotion and pain. Protophenomenal analysis, which involves parallel reductions in the phenomenological and neurological domains, is explained and applied to the “hard problem” of robot emotion and pain. The author outlines empirical approaches to answering the fundamental questions on which depends the possibility of robot consciousness in general. The author then explains the importance of sensors distributed throughout a robot's body for the emergence of coherent emotional phenomena in its awareness. Overall, the chapter elucidates the issue of robot pain and emotion and outlines an approach to resolving it empirically.
Fibre Diffraction and Whole Powder Pattern Fitting in Polymers
Authors: Thejas Urs G.  , Somashekar R.
Published: September 2017

Crystal structure determination using a single crystal of any material has become a routine exercise. However in the case of fibres, the micro-crystallites are randomly arranged with their axis parallel to the fibre axis giving rise to poor reflections which are due to diffuse scattering, crystal structure determination is not possible. Hence crystal structure determination using poor fibre diffraction data is a challenging one. Model based correlations of X-ray diffraction data from fibrous materials are extensively discussed in a book by Fraser and MacRue(1973). The crux of the problem in fibre diffraction analysis is that the number of X-ray diffraction data is less than what could have been obtained for a single crystal. This aspect has limited the use of existing well developed crystallographic method such as Fourier synthesis of electron density or least squares refinement of atomic parameters.
Comparative Study of Mechanical and Tribological Behaviour of Thermoplast-Based Composites
Authors: Kumar Kaushik , Davim J. Paulo
Published: September 2017

The usage of composite material has been increasing day by day over the years due to the excellent properties being offered by them such as lower volume-to-weight ratio, improved toughness, recyclable, environment friendly and also due to their short cycle productivity, easiness in fabrication, long lasting life span etc. This work presents study of mechanical and tribological behaviour of ABS polymer matrix filled with micron-sized inorganic and Natural / Green fillers. The main purpose behind this work is to compare the performance of composites with different class of fillers. The experimental results unveil that the composite with inorganic fillers perform better than with natural based fillers.
Properties Enhancement of Polymer/Ceramic Nanocomposites
Authors: Ramdani Noureddine , Azibi Mehdi
Published: September 2017

This chapter reviews the various properties enhancement of polymer/ceramic nanocomposites. Ceramics nanofillers have attracted both academic and industrial interest as they can produce a significant improvement in the properties of polymers even at lower filler loadings. Recently, numerous kinds of polymeric matrices reinforced with ceramic nanoparticles have been reported. The surface-modification of ceramic nanoparticles was reported to provide extra-improvements in the thermal and mechanical properties of these materials. In addition, the type of the used ceramic nanofillers agent determines the final properties of the nanocomposites. Herein, the various effects of adding ceramic nanoparticles on the thermal, electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of polymer/ceramic nanocomposites as well as the reinforcing mechanism are discussed in general along with detailed examples drawn from the scientific literature.
Advances in Polymer-Based Piezoelectric Systems
Authors: Subramani Nithin Kundachira , K. N. Shilpa , Shivanna Sachhidananda , B. M. Jagajeevan Raj , Hatna Siddaramaiah
Published: September 2017

Lately, polymer based piezoelectric materials that harness energy from mechanical vibrations and/or impact are being increasingly investigated as radical alternates to conventional batteries that are hard to service once deployed. Nevertheless, the optimization of energy outputs of piezoelectric energy harvesters is one of the prime challenges faced by the scientific community. This chapter provides an overview of polymer based piezoelectric energy harvesters with special emphasis on current state of research on polymer composites/nanocomposites for vibrational energy harvesting. A detailed summary of piezoelectric phenomenon in polymers is also presented. An in-depth narration detailing the enhancement of piezoelectric behavior of one of the most commonly employed piezoelectric polymer (PVDF) is presented with special emphasis on some of the promising filler materials towards realizing high efficient piezoelectric modules. This chapter is intended to give an insight on the recent advances in the field of polymer based piezoelectric materials.
Physical Characteristics of CBD Synthesized CdZnS Thin Films
Authors: Mukherjee Ayan , Mitra Partha
Published: September 2017

In recent years, ternary cadmium zinc sulfide (CdZnS) alloy compounds have been paid much attention in the fields of opto-electronics, particularly in photovoltaic devices. CdZnS thin films can be prepared by different techniques among which chemical methods have more advantages. Among different chemical method, Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) is simple, low cost and widely applicable in industrial applications. In this chapter, we have discussed different methods of preparation of CdZnS thin film and their obtained properties. Also, the films are characterized by XRD, TEM, FESEM, EDAX, UV-Vis spectroscopy, etc. The properties of CdZnS gives insight of the properties of ternary thin film semiconductor and it will help to design semiconductor with tuneable properties for future applications in optoelectronic sector.
Green Cloud Computing
Authors: K. Indira , M. Thangavel
Published: September 2017

Cloud computing is a highly scalable and cost-effective infrastructure for running HPC, enterprise and Web applications. However, the growing demand of Cloud infrastructure has drastically increased the energy consumption of data centers, which has become a critical issue. High energy consumption not only translates to high operational cost, which reduces the profit margin of Cloud providers, but also leads to high carbon emissions which is not environmentally friendly. Hence, energy-efficient solutions are required to minimize the impact of Cloud computing on the environment. Thus, in this chapter, we discuss various elements of Green Clouds which contribute to the total energy consumption. The chapter also explains the role of Green Cloud Performance metrics and Green Cloud Architecture.
Cloud Load Balancing and Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Harraz Abdelghafour , Zbakh Mostapha
Published: September 2017

Artificial Intelligence allows to create engines that are able to explore, learn environments and therefore create policies that permit to control them in real time with no human intervention. It can be applied, through its Reinforcement Learning techniques component, using frameworks such as temporal differences, State-Action-Reward-State-Action (SARSA), Q Learning to name a few, to systems that are be perceived as a Markov Decision Process, this opens door in front of applying Reinforcement Learning to Cloud Load Balancing to be able to dispatch load dynamically to a given Cloud System. The authors will describe different techniques that can used to implement a Reinforcement Learning based engine in a cloud system.
Monitoring and Auditing in the Cloud
Authors: K. Indira , A Vennila
Published: September 2017

The cloud computing is the term which have different services such as storage, servers, and applications which are delivered to an organization's computers and devices through the Internet for both technical and economical reasons. However they are many potential cloud users are reluctant to move to cloud computing on a large scale due to the unaddressed security issues present in cloud computing and so is increased the complexity of the infrastructures behind these services. So in this chapter, the challenges faced on both auditing and monitoring is identified. Accordingly it considers an investigation which uses to produce the major security audit issues present in cloud computing today based on a framework for security subsystems. To overcome the standards of auditing and process of auditing is briefly explained. There are also many platforms that provide cloud services also those domains are listed out with domain based monitoring process.
Trust Relationship Establishment Among Multiple Cloud Service Provider
Authors: Majumder Abhishek , Nath Samir , Bhattacharjee Arpita , Choudhury Ranjita
Published: September 2017

Trust relationships among multiple Cloud Service Providers is a concept in which multiple cloud service providers from multiple distributed Identity Provider can access resources of each other, only if they are trusted with their Identity Provider. In this chapter a scheme has been proposed to enhance the security of data in a multi-cloud environment by improving trust relationships among multiple clouds. The scheme is also designed to overcome interoperability problem between different clouds. In the proposed scheme concept of proxy is used. Client organization tries to communicate with multiple cloud service providers through proxy. Client organization send resource request to cloud service providers. On receiving the resource request the cloud service provider collect the authentication confirmation from proxy. Then it sends the reply and data to requested client organization. Numerical analysis and comparative study of the proposed scheme with some of the existing scheme has been carried out.
THD and Compensation Time Analysis of Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter Using Adaptive Blanket Body Cover Algorithm
Authors: Khalid S.
Published: September 2017

A novel Adaptive Blanket Body Cover Algorithm (ABBC) has been presented, which has been used for the optimization of conventional control scheme used in shunt active power filter. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been proved by applying this in balanced, unbalanced and distorted supply conditions. The superiority of this algorithm over existing Genetic Algorithm results has been presented by analyzing the Total Harmonic Distortion and compensation time of both the algorithms. The simulation results using MATLAB model ratify that algorithm has optimized the control technique, which unmistakably prove the usefulness of the proposed algorithm in balanced, unbalanced and distorted supply system.
Machine Learning Data Analysis for On-Line Education Environments
Authors: Mihaescu Marian Cristian
Published: September 2017

The increase of e-Learning resources such as interactive learning environments, learning management systems or intelligent tutoring systems has created huge repositories of educational data that can be explored. This increase generated the need of integrating machine learning methodologies into the currently existing e-Learning environments. The integration of such procedures focuses on working with a wide range of data analysis algorithms and their various implementations in form of tools or technologies. This paper aims to present a self-contained roadmap for practitioners who want to have basic knowledge about a core set of algorithms and who want to apply them on educational data. The background of this research domain is represented by state-of-the-art data analysis algorithms found in the areas of Machine Learning, Information Retrieval or Data Mining that are adapted to work on educational data. The main goal of the research efforts in the domain of Intelligent Data Analysis on Educational Data is to provide tools that enhance the quality of the on-line educational systems.
Exploratory News Recommendation
Authors: Gulla Jon Atle , Özgöbek Özlem , Su Xiaomeng
Published: September 2017

Research on mobile news recommendation has become popular over the last few years, though the news domain is challenging and there are still few advanced commercial systems with success. This paper presents the exploratory news recommender system under development in the SmartMedia program. In exploratory news recommendation the reader can compose his own recommendation strategies on the fly and use deep semantic content analysis to extract prominent entities and navigate between relevant content at a semantic level. The readers are more likely to read a larger share of the relevant recommended articles, as there is no need to browse long tedious lists of articles or post explicit queries. The assumption is that more active and exploring readers will make implicit feedback more complete and more consistent with the readers' real interests. Tests shows a 5.14% improvement of accuracy when our collaborative filtering component is enriched with implicit feedback that combines correlations between explicit ratings with the reading times of articles viewed by readers.
A Multi-Label Image Annotation With Multi-Level Tagging System
Authors: Anbarasan Kalaivani , S. Chitrakala
Published: September 2017

The content based image retrieval system retrieves relevant images based on image features. The lack of performance in the content based image retrieval system is due to the semantic gap. Image annotation is a solution to bridge the semantic gap between low-level content features and high-level semantic concepts Image annotation is defined as tagging images with a single or multiple keywords based on low-level image features. The major issue in building an effective annotation framework is the integration of both low level visual features and high-level textual information into an annotation model. This chapter focus on new statistical-based image annotation model towards semantic based image retrieval system. A multi-label image annotation with multi-level tagging system is introduced to annotate image regions with class labels and extract color, location and topological tags of segmented image regions. The proposed method produced encouraging results and the experimental results outperformed state-of-the-art methods
Applying Semantic Relations for Automatic Topic Ontology Construction
Authors: Vairavasundaram Subramaniyaswamy , R. Logesh
Published: September 2017

The rapid growth of web technologies had created a huge amount of information that is available as web resources on Internet. Authors develop an automatic topic ontology construction process for better topic classification and present a corpus based novel approach to enrich the set of categories in the ODP by automatically identifying concepts and their associated semantic relationships based on external knowledge from Wikipedia and WordNet. The topic ontology construction process relies on concept acquisition and semantic relation extraction. Initially, a topic mapping algorithm is developed to acquire the concepts from Wikipedia based on semantic relations. A semantic similarity clustering algorithm is used to compute similarity to group the set of similar concepts. The semantic relation extraction algorithm derives associated semantic relations between the set of extracted topics from the lexical patterns in WordNet. The performance of the proposed topic ontology is evaluated for the classification of web documents and obtained results depict the improved performance over ODP.
A Pattern-Mining Approach for Wearable Sensor-Based Remote Health Care
Authors: Hemalatha C. Sweetlin , Vaidehi V.
Published: September 2017

Rapid advancement in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology facilitates remote health care solutions without hindering the mobility of a person using Wearable Wireless Body Area Network (WWBAN). Activity recognition, fall detection and finding abnormalities in vital parameters play a major role in pervasive health care for making accurate decision on health status of a person. This chapter presents the proposed two pattern mining algorithms based on associative classification and fuzzy associative classification which models the association between the attributes that characterize the activity or health condition and handles the uncertainty in data respectively for an accurate decision making. The algorithms mine the data from WWBAN to detect abnormal health status of the person and thus facilitate remote health care. The experimental results on the proposed algorithms show that they work par with the popular traditional algorithms and predicts the activity class, fall or health status in less time compared to existing traditional classifiers.
Crow-Search-Based Intuitionistic Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm
Authors: S. Parvathavarthini , N. Karthikeyani Visalakshi , S. Shanthi , K. Lakshmi
Published: September 2017

Data clustering is an unsupervised technique that segregates data into multiple groups based on the features of the dataset. Soft clustering techniques allow an object to belong to various clusters with different membership values. However, there are some impediments in deciding whether or not an object belongs to a cluster. To solve these issues, an intuitionistic fuzzy set introduces a new parameter called hesitancy factor that contributes to the lack of domain knowledge. Unfortunately, selecting the initial centroids in a random manner by any clustering algorithm delays the convergence and restrains from getting a global solution to the problem. To come across these barriers, this work presents a novel clustering algorithm that utilizes crow search optimization to select the optimal initial seeds for the Intuitionistic fuzzy clustering algorithm. Experimental analysis is carried out on several benchmark datasets and artificial datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed method provides optimal results in terms of objective function and error rate.
Past-Blogging
Authors: Migowski da Silva Ana Lúcia , Zago Gabriela da Silva , Barth Daiani Ludmila
Published: September 2017

In this paper, the authors conceive past-blogging as a narrative practice which is based on a specific media format. The practice can be initially defined as an account of past events developed according to blogs' most common characteristic: the reverse chronological order of published posts, in which the most recent posts appear on top of the page. Past-blogging practices give rise to cultural products developed in various digital media platforms, especially in journalistic and educational contexts. In order to understand this phenomenon, the authors conducted an empirical and qualitative analysis of 34 cases in which content producers narrate past events by reenacting them or telling their history as if they were happening in the present. The sample – composed by different categories of events, platforms, narrative strategies, motivations for the content production and participation of audience – demonstrates how historical events have been represented within digital media.
Media Literacy in the Digital Age
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: September 2017

Time has come to equip people communities around the world with digital and media literacy skills. In order make informed decisions, people need ability to access, analyze and engage in critical thinking about the daily messages they receive on a variety of issues such as health and politics. Today's “connected homes” provide people access to latest information and communication technologies. To become an effective participants in the information society of 21st century, people need not only acquire the multimedia skills but also the ability to use these skills effectively. One way this can be achieved is by including digital and media literacy in formal education. The objective of this chapter is to examine the media literacy programs working across the world to equip citizens to analyze and evaluate incoming information. In addition, the chapter provides some specific recommendations to bring digital and media literacy education into formal and informal settings.
Creating Global Classrooms Using Universal Design for Learning
Authors: Brown Victoria
Published: September 2017

Media and digital content has become an integral part of our lives. Digital content has expanded the opportunities for accessing information for individuals with special needs and classrooms with culturally diverse students. Because the digital content is taught through multiple modes, it provides access to information previously available only through print formats. By incorporating universal design into the classroom, the students are using media and digital literacy skills, preparing them for the global world in which they live. In this chapter, a description of universal design will be provided, how to use the digital and media content to create a classroom that honors diversity, and how to use universal design for teaching different languages. The concepts of universal design and the global classroom are pulled together through project or problem-based learning. Finally, a glimpse into the future classroom technology is provided.
Cognitive Approach to Improve Media Literacy
Authors: Karadag Zekeriya , Devecioglu-Kaymakci Yasemin
Published: September 2017

This chapter starts with an exploration of the media literacy literature and its place in the developing 21st century. The literature suggests that media literacy should be considered as one of the capstones for the skills needed for the 21st century citizens. In terms of developing media literacy skills, scholars look at the concept from either cognitive or social perspective, and the review reveals that both of them are closely related to each other. Moreover, the study asserts that cognitive and metacognitive skills play a significant role in developing the media literacy and the skills for 21st century. Then, the chapter presents a city-wide activity done in Bayburt, Turkey. It is our assumption that the case presented here may be an inspiring example for whom may want to explore different approaches.
Managerial Orientations and Digital Commerce Adoption in SMEs
Authors: Scheepers Margarietha de Villiers , Kerr Donald Vance
Published: September 2017

This chapter determines the relationships between managerial orientation factors, such as entrepreneurial alertness, learning goal orientation, and digital efficacy, on the adoption and outcomes of digital commerce in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). A survey of Australian SMEs was conducted, and 109 useable responses were received. The results describe owner/manager views of digital commerce use and business outcomes such as growth and efficiency resulting from adoption. Hierarchical regression analysis reveals that managerial orientations related to entrepreneurial alertness scanning and search as well as learning goal-orientation predict growth outcomes resulting from using digital commerce. Being able to see connections, make associations, and search for new opportunities is significantly related to efficiency stemming from digital commerce adoption. The findings contribute to the knowledge of digital commerce adoption, its outcomes, and how these relate to managerial orientations of entrepreneurial alertness, learning, and digital efficacy.
Agent-Based Modelling of Emotional Goals in Digital Media Design Projects
Authors: Marshall James
Published: September 2017

The authors promote agent-oriented models to identify, represent and evaluate high-level abstractions of digital media design projects. A major aspect is the introduction of emotional goals, in addition to functional goals and quality goals to describe feelings such as having fun, being engaged and feeling cared for. To establish emotional goals, digital media design methods and processes were employed including the development of emotional scripts, user profiles, mood boards and following an iterative participatory design process. This approach proved to be highly successful, not only to represent emotional goals such as fun, tension and empathy, but also to facilitate the ideation, creation and progressive evaluation of projects. The process supports communication between designers, developers and other stakeholders in large multidisciplinary development teams by providing a shared language and common artefact. The process is demonstrated in the development of a Multiplayer Online Role Play Game (MORPG) called Aspergion that promotes respect for people with Asperger's Syndrome.
Applying Digital Storytelling to Business Planning
Authors: Takeda Yoko
Published: September 2017

Digital storytelling for business planning has two different modes of perception, thinking, and communication: the narrative and the logical scientific. This chapter pointed out how the structure and the contents of the digital storytelling work influence its effectiveness through examination of works and the audience's evaluation of the works. Critical points regarding the structure of work were the consistency and the balance. The most important link was from a contrast between the initial situation and obstruction in the narrative part, to key success factors deriving in the analytical part. The link represents what is the problem that the storyteller found. Regarding the contents of work, familiarity to the audience—a story of “something like you”—is effective in understanding, persuasiveness and empathy of the story's message.
QoS Routing for Multimedia Communication over Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Kanellopoulos Dimitris N.
Published: September 2017

A lot of intensive research has been carried out in the direction of providing multimedia communication over wireless mobile ad hoc network (MANET). In MANET, various QoS problems exist such as inefficient routing, handling node mobility, power conservation, limited processing capabilities of network devices, high error rates. Wireless routing introduces new challenges as applying basic routing algorithms directly on MANET could lead to large power consumption, interference, and load-balancing problems. Many routing algorithms have been proposed as extensions to the basic routing algorithms to enhance their performance in MANETs. This paper summarizes existing solutions on QoS routing and resource reservation mechanisms in order to provide multimedia communication over MANET. It also considers the limitations of existing QoS models with regard to satisfying QoS in serving multimedia over MANET. The newest QoS architectures give much better results in providing QoS support. However, more refinements must be proposed in order to enhance further their performance in MANETs.
Video Authentication
Authors: Upadhyay Saurabh , Tiwari Shrikant , Parashar Shalabh
Published: September 2017

With the growing innovations and emerging developments in sophisticated video editing technology, it is becoming highly desirable to assure the credibility and integrity of video information. Today digital videos are also increasingly transmitted over non-secure channels such as the Internet. Therefore, in surveillance, medical, and various other fields, video contents must be protected against attempts to manipulate them. Video authentication has gained much attention in recent years. However, many existing authentication techniques have their own advantages and obvious drawbacks. The authors propose a novel authentication technique that uses an intelligent approach for video authentication. This chapter presents an intelligent video authentication algorithm for raw videos using a support vector machine, which is a non-linear classifier, and its applications. It covers both kinds of tampering attacks, spatial and temporal. It uses a database of more than 2000 tampered and non-tampered videos and gives excellent results with 98.38% classification accuracy. The authors also discuss a vast diversity of tampering attacks, which can be possible for video sequences. Their algorithm gives good results for almost all kinds of tampering attacks.
Concept Maps, VoiceThread, and Visual Images
Authors: Snyder Kristen M.
Published: September 2017

The context of this chapter has its roots in an educational movement that recognizes the importance of preparing youth for living and working in a global community. Central to this is a belief in 1) engaging students in collaborative learning, 2) developing cultural sensitivity, 3) using digital media for communication and creativity, and 4) transforming pedagogical practice to foster reflection, divergent thinking, and creativity. The question addressed in this chapter is how teachers can use digital media and visual images to spawn divergent thinking and dialogue in a global learning context. This chapter presents a case analysis to examine evidence of inquiry-based collaborative learning and three-dimensional thinking among students when using digital images and collaborative software in a global partnership project.
The Benefits of New Online (Digital) Technologies on Business
Authors: Shaikh Farhan
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores how digital technologies are impacting the businesses – challenging the industry leaders while enabling entrepreneurs to do so. The overall findings have been bucketed under three broad sections – Customer Experience, Process Optimization, and Business Innovation. The Customer Experience section captures the way companies are using the data from digital technologies to enhance the way they interact with the customers. The section on Process Optimization highlights the significant improvements achieved by using digital technologies for existing business processes. Business Innovation captures the transformation power of digital, through new business models, business areas, and data monetization.
Digital Media Affecting Society
Authors: Cottrell Terry
Published: September 2017

The proliferation of the use of digital media for learning and instruction continues to be investigated and pondered as the advance of a broad range of technologies eclipses currently available traditional text and face-to-face learning modalities for K-12 and higher education instruction. Digital media's affect on educational processes and delivery, an analysis of existing research reviewing whether digital media is benefitting educational outcomes in instruction and learning, and recommendations for the future are the primary goals of this chapter. Investigation into each of the aforementioned topics separately reveals an intersection that is far from being maturely assessed. The topic of digital media affecting how people learn will elicit further research as education continues to call for an increased focus on high outcomes while also increasing the adoption of digital media resources for the transmission and acquisition of knowledge.
What Does Digital Media Allow Us to “Do” to One Another?
Authors: Alvermann Donna E. , Beach Crystal L. , Boggs George L.
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this integrative review of theory and research is to assess the economic impact of digital media in ways that are unreached by instrumental means of measuring economic activity. Specifically, we use three overarching arguments identified from a review of the literature that broadly defines the economic force of digital media content in contemporary society. We contextualize those arguments in terms of current issues in the field and gaps in the research base before concluding with a discussion of the implications of what we learned for education, civic engagement, social practice, and policy.
Diversification and Nuanced Inequities in Digital Media Use in the United States
Authors: Rubinstein-Avila Eliane , Sartori Aurora
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores access to, and engagement with, digital media by United States' (U.S.) by nonmainstream populations. Framing the issue from a sociotechnical standpoint, the authors explore how engagement with digital media is shaped by socioeconomic status (taking into account confounding factors, such as race and ethnicity, and social and geographical ecologies). The authors highlight studies that focus on the robust digital practices with which nonmainstream populations already engage, and to which they contribute. One example is how some black Twitter users engage in signifyin'–a culturally specific linguistic practice—as a means of performing racial identity online. The authors also problematize concepts such as the new digital divide and digital exclusion, and finally, reiterate that a universal roll-out of high speed broadband alone will not necessarily lead to further engagement with digital media for ALL populations. In fact, the authors claim that providing more or faster access is likely not enough to prevent the entrenchment of a global digital underclass.
Economic Impact of Digital Media
Authors: Boggs George L.
Published: September 2017

Digitization by computers, like steam power and internal combustion, is widely recognized as a pervasive, disruptive engine powering new ways of living and affecting all aspects of economic life. Research on its economic impact cannot be entirely disentangled from powerful cultural stories connecting technological, educational, and economic progress. As cracks appear in the narratives of constant progress through technology, science, civilization, and economic prosperity, research on the economic impact of digital media develops nuance. This review of literature examines a wide range of perspectives on the economic impact of digital media as a basis for suggesting areas of further research and implications for education, civic, engagement, and policy.
Scandal Politics and Political Scandals in the Era of Digital Interactive Media
Authors: Demirhan Kamil
Published: September 2017

This study focuses on scandal politics and political scandals in the era of digital interactive media. Scandals are the part of symbolic power struggles. Media is one of the main actors of these struggles. In fact, political scandals have a constructive function in democracies because they help releasing corruptions. After scandals, the public get the opportunity to discuss on the legitimacy of political-legal institutions and political system. However, this discussion is not possible in the conditions of scandal politics. This study is interested in scandal politics and political scandals in the era of digital interactive media. It evaluates the maintaining role of traditional media in the era of digital media, and the potentials of digital interactive media to utilize the constructive functions of political scandals in democracies. The cases of WikiLeaks and Ashley Madison affair are used to evaluate the scandal politics and political scandals in the era of digital interactive media.
Digital Humour, Gag Laws, and the Liberal Security State
Authors: Bessant Judith
Published: September 2017

This chapter presents a case study of Facu Diaz, a Spanish satirist whose on-line ridicule of the Spanish government created a political furor that brought him before the courts. The chapter engages the problem of the criminalization of political dissent by liberal states in the digital age. The case highlights how digital media is now being used to create content for satire, as well as to replicate and infiltrate more traditional political and media forums, changing many traditional forms of political practice. The case [points to some of the central problems inherent in liberalism which may give reason to curb the enthusiasm of those who think that new digital media creates fresh opportunities for augmenting the ‘public sphere'. It is argued that liberalism as a political theory and ethos, tends to be blind to non-traditional political expressions like satire and other artistic work. In addition, the expansion of security laws in many countries suggests, liberalism's ostensible commitment to freedom needs to be reframed by recalling its historical preoccupation with security.
The Irrevocable Alteration of Communication
Authors: Baker Elizabeth (Betsy) A. , Alfayez Arwa , Dalton Christy , McInnish Renee Smith , Schwerdtfeger Rebecca , Khajeloo Mojtaba
Published: September 2017

In our digital society, the ability to communicate has irrevocably changed. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a glimpse into the impact of digital media on society, specifically digital communication. This glimpse is framed in terms of four characteristics of digital communication: product/ion, semiotic, public, and transitory. Issues are examined that relate to the democratization and monopolization of communication, who has access, the persistent Spiral of Silence, privacy, cyber bullying, identity theft, the ethereal being captured, as well as education and new literacies. Methodological gaps are noted in the research corpus and suggestions are proposed regarding the need for timeliness, support for a comprehensive span of research paradigms, and representation of a full range of populations. Finally, implications and recommendations are explored for civic engagement, commerce, education, and policy.
Media Literacy Organizations
Authors: Mahajan Iram Mukhtar , Rather Mudasir , Shafiq Huma , Qadri Uzma
Published: September 2017

Media Literacy is reckoned as an integral part of learning innovations in modern day technology enabled learning domains. In order to facilitate the information handling and interaction procedures, essence of media literacy cannot be underestimated. Many Organizations and institutions in different setups play a significant role in inculcating media literacy among the citizens of a nation. These organizations are carrying out initiatives for facilitating critical thinking, awareness about different media setups to different stakeholders in both real and virtual environments. They provide user-friendly tools for facilitating educators, researchers, policy makers, young media makers, and students to find the information they are looking for in a timely and organized manner. This chapter attempts to explore, identify and analyze various such organizations that facilitate media literacy in different settings.
Digital Leisure or Digital Business?
Authors: Wilson Joseph , Lawan Aisha Kolo
Published: September 2017

The fourth world conference on women in Beijing in 1995 was a springboard for women acceptance to explore various media possibilities to enhance their global visibility for societal recognition, address the negative media portrayal of women, and strengthen the gender equality struggles. Their platform for action on women and the media was to strategically increase the participation and access of women to expression and decision-making in and through the media and new technologies of communication. These declarations and strategies were clear indications and a call for creating new avenues for expression and participation for the purpose of empowering women. These plans of action and adoption of new technologies of communication must translate into relevant engagement with these technologies to be able to achieve the set goals. Engaging with technologies for leisure purposes (digital leisure) are likely to be of little significance to serious Internet activities relevant to women empowerment drive (digital business). The purpose for which women engage these new technologies should reflect issues that are in tandem with women empowerment drive. This Chapter examined what area Nigerian women are engaging the Internet. Findings showed that more Nigeria women access the Internet through mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Nigerian women engage the Internet for both digital leisure and digital business but they do more leisure-based Internet activities than serious activities that facilitate women empowerment (their Internet activities are more leisure oriented than business oriented) The women Internet empowerment drive can only be realised if Nigerian women up their game in digital business activities on the Internet.
21st Century New Literacies and Digital Tools as Empowering Pedagogies for Urban Youth of Color
Authors: Sealey-Ruiz Yolanda , Haddix Marcelle M.
Published: September 2017

Increasingly, more youth of color are gaining access to multiple forms of digital and popular media, yet 21st Century Literacies are virtually absent from the curriculum in most schools that serve them. By contrast, their increased knowledge of digital tools is usually met with restrictive access. For example, in many urban public high schools, cell phones are seen as contraband and students are required to “check” them at the door. Additionally, access to the Internet and social media platforms are blocked on most computers to which students have access while in school. More research is needed on how race, gender, ethnicity, and language intersect with access to digital tools in schools. This chapter presents a dialogue about the positive impact of using 21st Century New Literacies and digital tools with Black male middle and high school students. The authors highlight ways that teachers can effectively use digital tools in their classrooms.
Vancouver's Digital Strategy
Authors: Alizadeh Tooran , Sipe Neil
Published: September 2017

A growing number of cities have started to realize the need to be ‘smart', to use digital technology to drive prosperity and capitalize on the rapidly growing digital economy. Some local governments have developed ‘urban digital strategies' to speed up the pace of change, and to move their digital planning from ad-hoc to an integrated and strategic approach. This paper examines Vancouver's Digital Strategy (VDS) and questions the role defined for this new piece of strategy. The findings represent competing views – offered by local government versus digital business community - for the role of digital in two areas of governance, and strategic planning. The paper concludes by suggesting that urban digital strategies need be incorporated into strategic urban and regional planning with a focus on the biggest issues, specific to each city.
Trends in Managing Multimedia Semantics
Authors: Poli Roberto , Kameas Achilles D. , Seremeti Lambrini
Published: September 2017

This paper reviews various efforts to define and capture the semantics of multimedia data. These efforts are particularly relevant to the problem of storing, managing and querying the semantic content of such data. Since there is not yet an accepted solution to the problem of how to represent, organize and manage multimedia data and the related semantics by means of a formal framework, this paper aims at providing some major research trends in this area. The focus is on ontologies, which allow the exchange of semantics of multimedia content between distributed information systems. This paper aims at reporting on recent trends in the development of multimedia ontologies.
What a Tangible Digital Installation for Museums Can Offer to Autistic Children and Their Teachers
Authors: Marchetti Emanuela , Valente Andrea
Published: September 2017

This study is a cooperation between the authors and a teacher who works with pupils affected by autism spectrum disorders (9-12 years old) in a primary Danish school. The aim was assess the benefits of game-based learning with respect to teachers' main challenges: facilitating the discussion of curricular subjects and enabling learning through conceptual thinking and social interaction. An existing digital and tangible installation called MicroCulture, originally created by the authors to bridge history learning across museums and schools was re-contextualised and placed at the school's disposal, in a three weeks study involving 15 pupils. Data was gathered unobtrusively, with qualitative methods. Through mediated play and teacher's facilitation, children occasionally engaged in interactions leading to conceptual thinking, cooperation, and forms of role play. The authors present both problems and positive experiences the pupils and teachers had in playing at MicroCulture; the findings allowed us to outline guidelines for developing similar installations.
Microswitch-Based Programs (MBP) to Promote Communication, Occupation, and Leisure Skills for Children With Multiple Disabilities
Authors: Stasolla Fabrizio , Perilli Viviana
Published: September 2017

This chapter provides a literature overview concerning microswitch-based programs (MBP) to promote communication, occupation and leisure skills for children with multiple disabilities. The first aim of the chapter is to present an overview of the empirical studies about the use of MBP, published in the last decade (i.e. period from 2004 to 2014) to emphasize the most recent strategies for children with developmental disabilities, providing a general picture of the different options available. The second goal is to underline strengths and weaknesses of the various studies included in the overview. Finally, the third purpose is to outline issues and questions to be addressed in the future and discuss their implications for research and practice.