bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Studies on Seed Germination and in Vitro Cultures of Salvia L.Species from Turkish Flora
Authors: Gokdogan Emel Yilmaz , Burun Betul
Published: December 2022

Turkey has a rich flora in terms of plant biodiversity, and economically important Salviaspecies because of medicinal properties are in danger of extinction. To prevent the extinction of Salvia species is important to solvingthe problems of seed germination and micropropagation. In this review, in vitrostudies conducted on Salvia species from Turkish flora were listed by specifying danger categories. Seed germination studies carried out 18 Salvia species [S. candidissima Vahl., S. cyanescens Boiss. & Balansa (endemic/LR-lc), S. dichroantha Stapf (endemic/LR-lc), S. fruticosaMill. (VU), S. macrosiphon Boiss., S. microstegia Boiss. et Bal.,S. nemorosa L., S. officinalis L., S. pomifera ssp. pomiferaL. (VU), S. sclarea L., S. siirticaKahraman, Celep & Doğan sp. nov.(endemic/CR), S. smyrnaeaBoiss. (endemic/EN), S. tomentosa Mill., S. verbenaca L., S. verticillata L., S. virgata Jacq.,S. viridis L.]. In vitro culture studies were conducted on 16 Salvia species [S. aethiopis L.,S. albimaculata Hedge and Huber-Morath(endemic/VU)-unsuccessful result, S. cadmica Boiss. (endemic/LR-lc), S. candidissima Vahlssp. occidentalis Hedge,S. chrysophyllaStapf (endemic/LR-cd), S. cryptantha Montbret et Aucher ex Bentham(endemic/LR-lc), S. euphraticaMontbret et Aucher ex. Bentham var. euphratica(endemic/LR-cd)-unsuccessful result, S. fruticosa(VU), S. nemorosa, S. nydeggeri Hub.-Mor.(endemic/EN)-unsuccessful result, S. officinalis, S. sclarea, S. tomentosa, S. verticillata ssp. verticillata, S. virgata,S. viridis].In this review has been reported up to now in vitro cultures have been carried out 26 of 99 Salviaspecies, has clearly shows that new protocols should be established to protect endemic and threatened Salvia species.
Rancang Bangun Alat Hand Wash Menggunakan Handle Feet Otomatis Di Puskesmas Fakfak Kota Kabupaten Fakfak
Authors: Rusdin Rusdin
Published: December 2022

Covid-19 is a collection of viruses that can infect the respiratory system. In many cases, this virus only causes mild respiratory infections, such as flu. However, this virus can also cause severe respiratory infections, such as lung infections (pneumonia). Hand sanitizer is a hand sanitizer in the form of a gel that is useful for cleaning or removing germs on the hands, containing 60% alcohol as the active ingredient. Automatic handle feet are a component part of the tool that functions as a water valve opening lever and is also equipped with a peges so that the lever will return to its original position, while the Puskesmas Office is a government agency in the health sector that is used as a Community Partnership Program (PKM) partner.
Pelatihan Aplikasi ANSIS (Analisa System) bagi Karyawan Credit Analis Mandala Dalam Pemberian Kredit Motor
Authors: Sarwindah Sarwindah , Sugihartono Tri , Yurindra Yurindra , Safitri Jesi , Marini Marini
Published: December 2022

Semangkin berkembangnya teknologi informasi sangatlah berpengaruh untuk kemajuan suatu usaha, salah satunya adalah pada organisasi atau prusahaan seperti finance. Dimana mandala merupakan perusahan leasing yang bergerak dibidang jasa kredit motor bagi pemohon kredit dan mengambil keuntungan dari pembayaran bunga kredit. Mandala merupakan perusahaan yang memegang teguh komitmen untuk memberikan pelayanan terbaik terhadap konsumen dan mitra bisnis, melalui pelayanan optimal yang didukung oleh pengelolaan sumber daya manusia yang terarah, terpadu dan berkesinambungan salah stu yang terpenting. Dengan bantuan komputer bisa memudahkan siapa saja dalam melakukan berbagai kegiatan secara efektif dan efisien. Disini tim mengadakan pelatihan bagi credit analis di mandala dengan membuat aplikasi dengan tujuan bisa menjadi alternative bagi credit analis untuk membantu pengambilan keputusan lebih cepat dengan adanya aplikasi ANSIS. dengan kata lain pengetahuan tentang komputer merupakan salah satu kebutuhan yang sangat penting di era sekarang. Salah satunya Dalam upaya membantu Credit Analyst dalam kegiatan pengambilan keputusan konsumen dalam hal kelayakan pemberian kredit, maka diperlukan sebuah model system pendukung keputusan berbasis komputer yang dapat memberikan kemudahan dalam melakukan analisa.
Pembuatan Sistem Administrasi Berbasis Web Pada Kelompok Nelayan Doa Mandeh Pasir Sigadondong desa marunggi Kota Pariaman
Authors: Januardi Januardi nasir , Setawan Yasha Langitta
Published: December 2022

Kota Pariaman terletak di Pesisir pantai barat Sumatera Barat yang luasnya 73,36 kilometer persegi, yang terdiri dari lautan seluas 12 kilometer persegi dan panjang garis pantai 12kilometer. Sebagai daerah yang dekat dengan laut, kehidupan masyarakat Kota Pariaman sangat tergantung pada hasil laut. Salah satu Desa di Kota Pariaman yang sangat tergantung dengan hasil laut adalah masyarakat Desa Pasir Marunggi,Kecamatan Pariaman Selatan. Letak desa Pasir Marunggi yang strategis yaitu jalan yang dilalui untuk menuju bandara internasional minangkabau. Hasil tangkapan dijual di tepi pantai dan Pelelangan. Semenjak tahun 2000 sampai 2015 kehidupan nelayan desa Pasir Marunggi mulai mengalami perkembangan seiring dengan bermunculannya teknologi dan usaha warung nasi (Rumah makan) sebagai salah satu objek wisata di Kota Pariaman. Beberapa kendala yang dihadapi selain masih minimnya pengetahuan di Bidang Teknologi Informasi dalam proses administrasi berbasis komputer, sehingga mengakibatkan tidak terdokumentasinya hasil tangkapan dan budidaya nelayan yang baik. Dengan demikian maka pengenalan sistem administrasi berbasis Komputer di desa Marunggi sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat setempat khususnya anggota Kelompok Nelayan doa Mandeh. Materi pengabdian telah diberikan dengan baik dan terlihat terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peserta berdasarkan hasil evaluasi yang telah dilakukan. Rata-rata tingkat keberhasilan pengabdian mencapai 77% yang diukur berdasarkan hasil obaservasi kepeserta selama kegiatan berlangsung
Workshop Pembuatan Video Pembelajaran Untuk Pengoptimalan Media E-Learning
Authors: Buntoro Ghulam Asrofi , Ariyadi Dwiyono , Astuti Indah Puji
Published: December 2022

Masa pandemi mengharuskan perubahan kebiasaan perilaku. Tak terkecuali pada proses pembelajaran di SMK. Media pembelajaran yang interaktif akan memudahkan penyampaian materi oleh guru dan dapat mudah dipahami sebagian besar siswa dibandingkan dengan penyampaian berbentuk teks ataupun power point. Untuk mendukung konten elearning yang sudah berjalan di SMK Negeri 1 jenangan maka guru perlu diberi bekal pembuatan video  pembelajaran sebagai media pendukung pembelajaran. Pelatihan pembuatan media pembelajaran berbasis video ini diharapkan menambah kopetensi guru dalam memperkaya keilmuan dalam memfasilitasi siswa untuk belajar mandiri secara virtual di musim pandemi. Pelatihan pembutan video pembelajaran ini menggunakan aplikasi camtasia yang mudah dipraktekkan oleh semua kalangan guru. Sehingga hasilnya dapat menambah isi konten elearning yang sudah digunakan oleh sekolah tersebut. Dari workshop yang sudah dilakukan, sebanyak 20 Guru SMK Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo yang mengikuti Workshop sudah mampu menggunakan Camtasia untuk membuat Video Pembelajaran.
Diklat Makalah Sebagai Implementasi Potensi Kepenulisan Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kualitas Mahasiswa Selama Pandemi Covid19
Authors: Zunaidi Arif
Published: December 2022

Perubahan tehnik kegiatan belajar mengajar selama pandemi telah mengubah pemahaman mahasiswa tentang bagaimana membuat karya tulis ilmiah. Sebagai mahasiswa baru dituntut untuk tahu dan memahami bagaimana tehnik membuat makalah sebagai bagian dari tugas masing-masing matakuliah. Pengabdian ini menggunakan tehnik diklat makalah, dimana tehniknya dibagi atas penyampaian materi secara konsep oleh pemateri dan pendampingan praktik pembuatan  makalah oleh 2 mentor pada tiap-tiap kelompok. Pengabdian masyarakat ini diikuti oleh sebanyak 400 peserta, dimana pelaksanaannya dibagi atas 3 tempat yang berbeda untuk mencegah penyebaran covid19 selama pandemic berlangsung dan juga melalui media zoom meeting bagi peserta yang wilayahnya jauh. Materi yang disampaikan meliputi pengertian, tujuan dan tehnik pembuatan makalah dari pemilihan judul, kata pengantar, dan daftar isi. Selain itu juga disampaikan tehnik pembuatan footnote dan daftar pustaka yang benar sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah karya ilmiah. Setelah penyampaian materi dan juga pendampingan dalam membuat makalah dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas mahasiswa baru telah meningkat karena sudah berhasil dalam membuat makalah sebagai bagian penilaian dalam keberhasilan kegiatan ini.
Model Budidaya Kepiting Soka Skala Rumah Tangga Sistem Apartemen Sebagai Sarana Edukasi Masyarakat Pulau Bangka
Authors: Kurniawan Ardiansyah , Haikal Muhammad , Rahmadina Nur , Berliani Sonia
Published: December 2022

Kepiting bakau merupakan salah satu komoditas ekonomis penting dan potensial di Pulau Bangka. Salah satu produknya adalah kepiting soka. Peluang dan prospek usaha budidaya kepiting soka memunculkan tambak-tambak budidayanya. Budidaya sistem horisontal ini memerlukan biaya tinggi dan kurang aplikatif untuk skala rumah tangga. Mahasiswa Universitas Bangka Belitung membangun unit usaha budidaya kepiting soka skala rumah tangka dengan sistem apartemen vertikal. Apartemen menggunakan bahan box plastik yang disusun vertikal dilengkapi dengan re-sirkulasi air. Durasi kepiting mencapai moulting pada pemeliharaan 27 -30 hari dengan sintasan 100%. Selain menjadi pembelajaran wirausaha mahasiswa, unit usaha ini menjadi model edukasi bagi masyarakat Pulau Bangka. Pemerintah daerah juga mengirimkan utusannya untuk mempelajari produksi kepiting soka ini. Usaha ini memberikan peluang bagi pengusaha baru dari kalangan masyarakat akademis di kampus, menjadi pilihan pemerintah daerah menggerakan perekonomian wilayahnya, serta menjadi pilihan bagi masyarakat Bangka yang berupaya lepas dari ketergantungan penambangan timah.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iraq (2018-2022) and an educational review
Authors: Al-Mosawi Aamir Jalal
Published: December 2022

Background: The first patient with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever was reported in Iraq for the first time on 3rd of September, 1979, and recurrent outbreaks were recorded thereafter with none more patients observed during the next two years. Little is known about the epidemiological state of the disease in Iraq during the previous years. Patients and methods: An overview of the cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever registered by the Iraqi Ministry of Health from January, 2018 to May, 2022 is provided. An educational review is presented in the "Discussion". Results: During the year 2018, there were ten cases (including 3 from Diwaniyia province) confirmed by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction registered by the Iraqi Ministry of Health, and death occurred in eight of the cases. During the year 2021, the Iraqi Ministry of Health reported the registration of fifteen laboratory confirmed cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever during the period from April to November 2021, and 5 deaths occurred. On the 27th of April 2022, the Iraqi Ministry of Health registered 17 cases of laboratory confirmed hemorrhagic fever occurred during the year 2022, and many cases were from ThiQar, and five deaths occurred. Conclusion: 42 cases of laboratory confirmed cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever occurred in Iraq during the period from January, 2018 to May, 2022. The disease is still endemic in Iraq and was associated with a high mortality as 18 of the 42 confirmed cases died. Therefore, we are recommending using the available research evidence suggesting the early use of ribavirin in the treatment of patients, and also using ribavirin post-exposure prophylaxis and early ribavirin treatment for workers at medium-to-high risk.
Camel herding and commerce: adaptation for reducing poverty through camel meat value additions
Authors: Huka Guyo , Arimi Joshua , Musalia Levi , Changwony David , Thiakunu Florence
Published: December 2022

Camel rearing among the pastoralist of Northern Kenya is both a socio-cultural and a livelihood phenomenon signifying perceived wealth and authority.  This centuries old practice has otherwise enjoyed tranquility and serenity of its stature until various human, technical and environmental changes emerged in the recent years. The onset of climatic changes, marauding urbanization, schooling advances and alternative modern commerce is a beckoning realities to camel herding. The emergencies of these constraints is seemingly threating the camel herding practices in terms of socio-cultural significances, livelihood viability and sustainability as well as herding dividend. Consequently, this study attempts to navigate through the discourse around camel meat products value chains as a commercial adaptation towards improving camel pastoralists livelihoods. This enterprising approach is buttressed in transforming institutional, socio-psychological and technical interventions through research.   The objective of the study is to validate viability of camel meat marketing value chains in order to improve camel herders dividend from camel rearing. The key result areas (KRAs) entails characterization of camel meat Value Chain Nods (VCNs), synergization and effectiveness for herders, marketers, butchers, processors and consumers focusing on meat cut, bones, nyirinyiri, fat and bone marrow. Descriptive research design employed PESTEL, SWOT and FIEST models for analyzing external, internal and sustainability variables respectively. Data collective tools were FGD (n=47), Interview (n= 47) and questionnaire (n=340) in Isiolo County. The focus of the validation is to understand current practices with a view of enhancing camel meat value addition, value modification and value optimization for stakeholders. Expected research output and outcomes are publications, learning and sharing dissemination workshop as well as poverty reduction, improved quality of life for camel herders and policy influencing.
Psycho-social support to children infested by jigger in Kisii county: social work perspective
Authors: Orucho Justine , Olita Faith , Otieno Kimberly , Njeru Esther
Published: December 2022

Social workers are key professionals in assessing social care need and providing psychosocial support. Nonetheless the needs in jigger infiltration containment and control are not well managed. Tungiasis is both a social and public health concern worldwide. It affects the victim’s quality of life through localization in the foot causing walking difficulties that reduce the normalcy of the infested child. Both social and psychological problems such as low self-esteem and stigma has been identified among the children infested with jiggers. The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate the role of a social worker in the prevention of jigger infestation among children in Kisii County. The study utilized descriptive survey design. The sample size was 50 pupils, 50 parents,20 Key Informants and 20 practicing Social workers. The findings of the study reveal that in order to mitigate Tungiasis, the risk factors that contribute to their spread such as poverty, poor hygiene conditions, area sanitization, inadequate health facilities, sharing houses with domesticated animals, political negligence and controlled number of children in families should be addressed. social work practitioners should engage with children to assess challenges in social functioning, process information in ways that enhance their ability to maintain body hygiene, develop skills to curb tungiasis and create support for change. The study recommends a change of behaviour in the community and the superstitions perception on the causes of Tungiasis.
Alcohol abuse and its impact on food security in Igembe South Sub-county
Authors: Koome Martin , Kinoti Mary , Mworia Muga
Published: December 2022

Food security in Kenya has worsened substantially over the last 30 years, with high population and increasing food demand consistently exceeding modest agricultural production growth.  There is a very strong link between agricultural productivity and alcohol consumption especially in the rural areas. The purpose of this study is to understand the demand patterns of alcohol and its impact on food security in Igembe South Sub-County. Cross sectional descriptive survey design was used to undertake the study. The target population was all the households in Igembe South Sub-County. The sample size of the study was 384 respondents. The study employed three sets of data collection instruments. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire, observation checklist and key informant interview guide. Qualitative and econometric data analyses was carried out in this study to provide a deeper understanding of alcohol households’ demand and how it affects the food security situation in Igembe South-Sub County. The results indicate that Alcohol consumption by the household head was associated with an increase in food insecurity, a statistically significant effect with an odds ratio of 1.593(95% CI 1.152 to 2.035, Wald χ2(1) = 50.015, p ˂0.05. An ordinal regression model was highly statistically significant with P˂0.005 and all the socio-economic variables being significant and Nagelkeke pseudo R-Square being 0.75. Patterns of alcohol consumption affected food security in the household. This was statistically significant in its predictive ability X2 (11) = 140.834, p < .01. Nagelkerke R-Square for the model is 0.737. The study concludes that alcohol consumption can cause serious food security problems in the household and it recommends that the government needs to develop and implement firm policies for the control of sale and consumption of alcohol so as to help reduce alcohol intake among the general populace. The study also recommends that media also needs to play its part by promoting campaigns and messages that emphasize the risks involved in the use of alcohol.
Editorial
Authors: Muchiri Prof. Eric
Published: December 2022

Welcome to the inaugural issue of the African Journal of Science Technology and Social Sciences: a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal in the field of Science, Technology and Social sciences.  Launched by Meru University of Science and Technology, AJSTSS provides a cross-disciplinary and international forum for researchers to disseminate innovative research and practices that preserve the integrity, life-cycle performance, and resilience of new or existing knowledge.
The many challenges towards achieving improved publications must be addressed with proactive, holistic, and multidisciplinary approaches. This journal is facilitating an in-depth dialogue and synergistic collaboration between both the academia and industry.  We aspire to establish AJSTSS as the flagship journal in the various emerging fields with a focus on creating consistent contributions.
All abstracts and manuscripts have gone through a rigorous yet relatively rapid peer-review process, which translates to benefits such as timeliness of publication, widespread dissemination, high visibility, and likelihood of high citations and broader impacts. We are presenting cutting-edge innovations and the latest insights and strive to maintain quality.
AJSTSS provides the most complete and reliable source of information on current developments in the field and facilitate peer-to-peer exchange and dialogue beyond the conventional discipline boundaries, leading towards proactive and systematic solutions that enhance reliability. The emphasis is on publishing high-quality articles, including original research papers, research notes, and reviews - all of which contribute to advancing the knowledge base of infrastructure preservation and resilience and bridging the gaps between different disciplines and stakeholders relevant to the development and implementation of best solutions.
In this first issue we have published abstracts from the Inaugural Meru University of Science and Technology International Conference Proceedings (MUSTIC 2022).
Welcome!
From the Editor in ChiefProf. Eric Muchiri (Ph.D.)
Influence of nitrogen and spacing on growth and yield of chia (Salvia hispanica) in Meru county, Kenya
Authors: Njoka Moses , Masinde Peter , Mugo Cynthia
Published: December 2022

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is an emerging food crop in Kenya and has attracted a lot of attention due to its edible seeds and leaves. Despite its importance, Chia production is still very low due to scarce information on the agronomic management. A field experiment was conducted in the upper-midland zone Meru County, at the Meru University of Science and Technology, in two seasons (February-June 2021 and March-August 2021), to determine the influence of nitrogen fertilizer and spacing on growth and yield of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement with four nitrogen rates (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N ha-1) as main plots and three plant spacing levels (30 cm x 15 cm, 30 cm x 30 cm, 50 cm x 50 cm) as the sub plots, replicated three times. Application of 120 kg N ha-1 significantly increased (p≤0.05) vegetative growth and seed yield of Chia.  Chia height, number branches, stem diameter, number of leaves and total dry weight increased by 23-28%, 11-13%, 43-55%, 59-88% and 59-101%, respectively. 50 cm x 50 cm significantly increased (p≤0.05) vegetative growth. An increase of 7-8%, 27-74%, 36-45% and 73-107% was recorded in number of branches, number of leaves, stem diameter and dry weight, respectively. Chia yield per plant was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in 50 cm x 50 cm. However, when expressed per unit area, 15 cm x 30 cm significantly produced higher yields. The study recommends 120 kg N ha-1and a 15 cm x 30 cm as the best option for Chia production in Kenya.
Effect of plastic mulch colour and transplanting stage on baby corn plant performance
Authors: Kirigiah Richard , Masinde Peter , Mworia G. E
Published: December 2022

In Kenya most of the baby corn crops are produced on un-mulched soil. The country experiences rainfall scarcity and extreme weather conditions which affect the productivity as well as the farmers’ income. Mulching and transplanting can be employed as a way mitigating against the two. Plastic mulch colour determines the characteristic optical properties that influence the levels of light radiation reaching the soil, causing increase or decreases in soil temperature thus affecting the performance of plants differently. Similarly, the colour has a direct effect on the amount and type of rays reflected back onto the plant leaves which influences photosynthesis. The experiment was conducted using two varieties Pan-14 and Thai-gold, four different plastic mulch colours and four different transplanting stages in Meru County in Kenya. This was conducted in two seasons of January to April and June to October 2018. After the scientific data analysis, it has proved that varietal differences influence various plant performances in baby corn. Also the plastic mulch film colour had an effect on plant growth and yield. Similarly, the interaction between the plastic mulch colour and baby corn variety influenced the plants performance. However, transplanting stage had no effect on plant performance.
Teacher-related factors and quality of education in secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Nancy Kihang'a , Kathuri Nephat J. , Gichohi P. M.
Published: December 2022

Quality education is one that prepares the child for life and not just for examination and testing. The teacher is an important stakeholder in the providing quality education in schools. Teacher quality is the most critical factor that determines student achievement. However, teacher characteristics have not been exhaustively discussed in relation to quality of education in secondary education cycle in the country. A case in point is Kiambu County where the quality of secondary school education in has been quite low despite the county being a high economic potential area having high socio-economic status in comparison to other counties in Kenya. This study, therefore, sought to find out the connection between teacher factors and quality of education in secondary schools in Kiambu County. The study adopted the scientific management theory by Frederic Tylor and targeted 224 respondents, students, and teachers randomly selected from 120 schools in the area. Data was collected through questionnaires and was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The findings revealed that teacher-related factors had a significant correlation with the quality of education in Kiambu County secondary schools. It was, therefore, recommended that the principal and the school Board of Management must ensure that the calibre of staff recruited is qualified, competent and disciplined.
Deep packet analysis firewall model
Authors: Kailanya Eunice , Omamo Amos , Mwadulo Mary
Published: December 2022

Firewall (software or hardware device that monitors traffic into and out of the network). It can be classified as stateless or stateful. The existing firewalls are only concerned with filtering packets based on the information contained in the header part of every packet. The most improved stateful inspection firewalls have a state table enabling the storage of header information such as source address, destination address, port, connection status and protocol.  Consequently, existing firewalls can be compared to only reading the book tittle and foregoing other essential activities such as evaluating the content of the book. The proposed Deep packet analysis firewall model, not only evaluated the header content of a packet but also open and examines the content in a packet in order to detect and block any threats. In addition, the proposed model will be analyzing the actual content of the traffic that is flowing through packet as opposed to existing firewall which only focuses on analyzing the header content. The model will also locate, detect, categorize, block, or reroute packets having certain data payload and specific codes that are not located, detected, categorized, blocked or redirected by existing firewall. Therefore, deep packet analysis firewall model is a feasible approach to overcome challenges faced in cyberspace today. The proposed Deep packet analysis firewall model will use mixed research method. Quantitative method will include obtaining data from the peer reviewed academic articles in the area of study. Quantitative method will also entail using a simulation by feeding quantitative data into the model to produce quantitative results. Finally, qualitative method will include conducting interviews and use of questionnaires
Machine learning in software security testing: a literature survey
Authors: Murerwa Emily , Munialo Samson , Mwadulo Mary
Published: December 2022

As the use of software systems permeate diverse areas of the society, there is a need to ensure that not only does the software provide the needed functionality but it is also of high security, providing confidentiality, integrity and availability of the underlying data. Software security testing is one among the approaches towards detecting vulnerabilities and flaws in software which contribute to software insecurity. As machine learning finds success in other areas of computing, it has also gained interest in the field of software security testing. A review of the application of various machine learning techniques, including current trends in software security testing is of high value both to research and practice. This research provides an overview of how machine learning has been applied in software security testing and especially in the different phases of the testing cycle.  Basic and recent developments of machine learning application in static analysis testing, dynamic analysis testing, symbolic execution and fuzz testing are discussed. The research followed a literature survey approach where existing literature on the subject were reviewed. A comparative performance of various machine learning techniques in the different phases of security testing is provided.
Web based systems security review and trends
Authors: Mwiti Jackson
Published: December 2022

Security of any web application is paramount because any breach to this can result to major consequences. Many developers have given web security an afterthought which has made it possible for the attackers to target these systems. Technology has also contributed to security vulnerability since most applications were built on old platforms which make it harder to be compatible. Cyber wars among the countries and many other more reasons have worsened the situation.  Emergent of artificial intelligent has given hope to the fight gain some of the security threat. The main objective of this paper is to review on the current trend of web based systems security.  The paper has applied exploratory research design to review on security of web applications, protection mechanism and the role of convolution neural networks. The outcome of this review aims on improving the body of knowledge.
Blessing in disguise: Kenya’s prospects towards harnessing data-driven ICT techniques in quest of post-Covid-19 economic recovery
Authors: Ronoh Lamek , Knowen Cosmas
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 crisis caused tremendous disruptions and abrupt shut down or slow down on core business processes globally and ultimately causing a worldwide recession. The unpredicted nature of the economic informed decision data due to rapid unstructured data that was generated at a high pace, business entities were at a great risk to collapse. Kenya is no exception to these unprecedented   phenomena - COVID-19 pandemic. Retrospectively, we can learn lessons from the earlier shattering worldwide pandemics such as the Spanish Flu or the great influenza which paved way to paradigm shifts in the introduction and implementation of disruptive technologies. In the recent past, there is an increasing effort on innovative technologies to make every sector sustainable to meet the opportunities arising from the COVID-19 pandemic.  This paper explored and presented    the latent opportunities in which Kenya’s business community in virtually all sectors/industries can harness and leverage not only for economic recovery’s sake but also creating a platform for businesses to catapult towards business reengineering maturity frameworks that is hardened with almost infinite potency of innovations. More specifically, integration of BI and AI to business processes is proposed in this paper. Leveraging BI and AI will aid business organizations transform data into useful insights that inform a businesses’ strategic and tactical decisions. Pragmatically, detailed intelligence about the status of the business using BI and machine learning techniques   together with predictive analytics will be demonstrated in this paper as a panacea of economic recovery from post COVID-19 ravages when adopted and integrated well in Kenya’s business landscape. It will no doubt provide business entities with groundbreaking data-driven insights that can be leverage and be utilized to synthesize big data into a coherent action plan (using BI/AI powered economic data). This way, business entities will be able to employ this data to create post COVID-19 recovery indexes which is further used to give business entities important statistics such as predictive recovery Index that ultimately aid quick economic recovery for Kenya’s business sector by embracing the utilization of the unstructured vast data generated for the advantage of economic revolution.
Implementation of AI-based assistive technologies for learners with physical disabilities in Kenya: a practical design thinking approach
Authors: Kirongo Amos Chege , Bundi Dorothy G , Kitaria Dismas T , Huka Guyo S , Muketha Geoffrey Muchiri
Published: December 2022

Inclusion of Learners with disabilities continues to extensively rely on digital and Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled Assistive Technologies (AT) as enablers for teaching and learning. However, the provision of ATs to meet the unique needs of PWDs continues to be a challenge. Moreover, such AI enabled ATs exist within areas of innovations, learning and working environments, hence the need for ease of learning, usage and cost effective acquisition and implementation. This paper introduces a systematic approach that matches the unique needs of PwD learners and abilities of innovators using AI-ATs. The research approach applies Design Thinking (DM), participatory elements enhanced with online collaborative tools. The study was conducted in 3 physically challenged pilot schools and an AT Centre at Meru University of science and technology. The objective of the study was to create better understanding of learners with physical disabilities and innovators with a view of enabling accurate identification, evaluation and choice of appropriate AI-ATs so as to develop learning and innovation spaces that enable the creation, introduction and testing of AI-ATs for e-inclusion. The expected outcome of this research is socio-economic inclusivity for livelihood empowerment as well as de-stigmatization of PwDs.
Quality assurance programs to support tuberculosis diagnostic capacity amongst laboratories within Meru county, Kenya
Authors: Nakitare David , Mutharia Patrick
Published: December 2022

Background: According to the Kenya Ministry of Health, Meru County had reported a tuberculosis (TB) notification rate of 158/100,000 population in 2015. Aforementioned reports indicates that the prevalence of TB that warrants early detection and diagnosis, hence the need to determine quality assurance programs to Support tuberculosis diagnostic capacity of Tuberculosis amongst laboratories within Meru County. Objective: To determine quality assurance programs to support tuberculosis diagnostic capacity amongst laboratories within Meru County, Kenya. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study survey which utilized quantitative techniques to establish the potential and capacity of laboratory personnel in TB diagnostic laboratories in selected medical centres. Data entry was done through use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Frequency and percentages were calculated. Findings were presented in form of frequency distribution tables and bar graphs and analyzed using Chi square. Results: Majority of laboratory personnel had indicated that their laboratories were public laboratories (69.2%) followed by private owned laboratories (30.8%). There were significant differences in the diagnostic capacity of TB between public and private owned laboratories in relation to availability of the following resources: Safety cabinet [χ2 (1 df, N= 26) = 18.49, p=0.000<0.05], Centrifuge [χ2 (1 df, N= 26) = 10.64, p=0.000<0.05], Gene Xpert resources [χ2 (1 df, N= 26) = 18.49, p=0.000<0.05], Freezer/refrigerator [χ2 (1 df, N= 26) = 14.28, p=0.000<0.05], Incubator [χ2 (1 df, N= 26) = 18.49, p=0.000<0.05] and TB florescence microscopy [χ2 (1 df, N= 26) = 18.49, p=0.000<0.05]. Majority of the respondents had been using Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as their quality assurance schemes (61.5%) followed by Central TB reference laboratories, Ministry of Health (26.9%) and (others please specify) who never participated in any quality assurance scheme (11.5%). majority of respondents had been sending their specimens for TB culture and sensitivity to research institution (KEMRI Centre for Respiratory Diseases) (69.2%), followed by those who indicated ‘Any other’ thus not sending any specimen for TB culture and sensitivity (26.9%) and to private or commercial laboratories (3.8%). None of the respondents had indicated sending their specimens for TB culture and sensitivity to either Central TB Reference laboratories Q/A (ministry of health) or a university (0.0%).
Comparative awareness on Zoonoses between residents of Igembe Central at the human-wildlife interface and inhabitants of the non-wildlife zones of Tigania West, Meru County, Kenya
Authors: Mirirti Gervase , Karani Caroline
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Zoonoses are infectious diseases transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans. Persons with low knowledge and exposure to wildlife and domestic animals or their products are at higher risk. Extensive research and public health surveillance for timely response through One Health framework is necessary to stop possible cross-species pathogen exchange between animals and humans. This study compared the knowledge on zoonoses between residents at the wildlife-interface zone of Meru National Park, and non-wildlife areas of Tigania West Sub County, Meru Kenya.

Methods: Data were collected simultaneously in both wildlife interface zone and non-wildlife zone and compared. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data for differences in awareness between the two areas. Results: The knowledge on zoonoses in the non-wildlife interface zone of Tigania West Sub-County was statistically significant at p< .05. Tigania West residents more aware of zoonoses than their counterparts living next to Meru National Park. χ² (1, N=525) =84.965, p< .001.  Conclusion: The residents of Igembe Central had scanty knowledge on zoonoses despite closer proximity to the wildlife conservancy. This community was considerably at higher risk of contracting zoonoses than persons at the non-wildlife zones. Awareness creation through one health strategy is necessary as a deterrent measure.
Co-treatment of fecal matter with kitchen waste using black soldier fly: process performance evaluation
Authors: Oyoo Valary , Riungu Joy , Kirimi James , Dey Prasanta , Matheka Rosemary
Published: December 2022

Organic matter processing through Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly) technology offers promising fecal sludge management (FSM) and sustainable sanitation option. Fecal matter has been valorized using black soldier fly (BSF) technology; however, there is insufficient knowledge in substrate co-treatment rationing rates to scale up the extant BSFL systems for optimum waste conversion. In this study, an evaluation of BSF process performance during co-treatment of fecal matter and kitchen waste was carried out under laboratory-scale conditions. BSF larvae feeding substrates were formulated using fresh fecal matter and kitchen waste (FM: KW) in the ratios; 1:0, 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, and 0:1. The experiments were set out in rectangular plastic containers (26*13*11cm). Under each mixing ratio, 1000g of the feed substrate was treated utilizing 5g of 5-day old BSF larvae. One hundred larvae were randomly picked at three-day intervals from each treatment (in triplicate) to monitor the larval weight gain across the treatment process. Larval days to 50% pupation, mean pupal yield, waste reduction rate (WR), bioconversion rates (BR), and feed conversion rates (FCR) were monitored for the process performance. The results showed that substrate mixed 1:1 attained the best measures; WR (90.56%), a high weight reduction index (WRI) (5.66), high BR (14.56), and a high overall pre-pupal yield (72.78g) within a shorter development time (16 days). This study affirms the performance efficacy of BSFL to sufficiently convert fecal substrates when co-treated with kitchen waste, promoting a circular economy. It, therefore, illustrates that a co-treatment strategy has the potential to boost and enhance sustainable fecal waste management for future applications.
Brand equity and customer citizenship behavior among students of selected universities within Mount Kenya region
Authors: Bonareri Ann , Nkabu Clement , Huka Guyo
Published: December 2022

The growing number of higher learning institutions in Kenya and around the world has emphasized the importance of brand equity in customer decision-making. Despite the role of brand equity, enrollment in public universities has been declining in the past three years. The study was conducted to establish effect of brand equity on customer citizenship behavior among students of selected universities within Mount Kenya region. The study was anchored on Keller brand theory. A descriptive research survey was utilized and target population was 600 4 th year students of selected universities within Mount Kenya region. A sample size of 240 students was selected simple random sampling. Primary data was collected using both closed and open-ended questionnaires. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics including correlation and regression analysis. Results indicated an R squared of 0.565. This denoted that brand equity explains 57% of the variations in the customer citizenship behavior. Findings also indicated that brand equity had a positive and significant effect on customer citizenship behavior (β=0.912, p<0.05). This suggested that a marginal increase in brand equity will lead to 0.912 increase in customer citizenship behavior. The study concluded that brand equity significantly contributes to improved customer citizenship behavior (57%). The study recommended that universities management should consider engaging in strong advertising and marketing campaigns so as to create more brand awareness and hence build customer citizenship behaviour. The university administrators should make sure the brand image conjures cleanliness. They should also create a positive and inviting environment. The government and ministry of education policymakers should also promote brand equity in Kenyan universities.
The Correlation between Waist Circumference and Cognitive Function in Type II Diabetic Mellitus Patients in the Work Area of the Sedayu 2 Health Center Bantul
Authors: Cahyani Amanda Dita , Yulitasari Brune Indah , Santoso Nindita Kumalawati
Published: December 2022

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to increase every year, the increase in cases of diabetes mellitus that increases occurs in many people with changes in consumption patterns of high fat and low physical activity habits, so that problems of motion tend to be overweight and obese. Obesity has strong relationship with diabetes mellitus, particularly in type 2 diabetes. Obesity occurs when excessive fat accumulation increases health risks. Increased body fat mass, and excessive central fat can lead to an increased risk of vascular and metabolic disorders which are risk factors for cognitive decline. Aims: To identify the relationship between waist circumference and cognitive function in type II DM patients in the Work Area of ​​the Sedayu 2 Health Center, Bantul. Methods: This is quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were respondents with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 45 years with a  simple random sampling of 110 samples. The instruments of this research used the midline and MMSE (Mini-Mental State Exam) questionnaire. Results: This study using Kendall's tau correlation analysis with 110 respondents showed that there was a significant relationship between waist circumference and cognitive function in type II DM patients in the working area of ​​the Sedayu 2 Bantul Public Health Center. The results of analysis showed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05).Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between waist circumference and cognitive function in type II DM patients in the working area of ​​the Sedayu 2 Health Center, Bantul.
The Relationship between Smoking and Coffee Drinking Habits with Hypertension in Internal Medicine Polyclinic Patients at Malingping Hospital Banten
Authors: Kusuma Galuh Nata , Umara Annisaa Fitrah , Sudrajat Andi , Winahyu Karina Megasari
Published: December 2022

Background: Hypertension is a disease that is often found in the community and its prevalence continues to increase. One of the modifiable factors related to hypertension is smoking and dietary consumption. This study aimed to identify the relationships between smoking and drinking coffee with the incidence of hypertension in Internal Medicine Polyclinic patients at Malingping Hospital.
Methods: The study used is cross-sectional. Data was collected by measuring blood pressure and questionnaires. A sample of 52 respondents was taken by accidental sampling and analyzed using chi-square.
Results: The study showed that there was a significant relationship between smoking and hypertension P-value = 0.021 and coffee drinking habits with hypertension P value = 0.001.
Conclusion: Hospitals or health workers are expected to provide counselling in the form of health education about managing smoking habits and coffee consumption in an effort to prevent hypertension in the community.
Keywords: hypertension, smoking, drinking coffee
Education and Counseling for Scabies Prevention
Authors: Setyorini Andri , Lutifah Rahmiyati
Published: December 2022

Abstrak                                                        

Latar Belakang: Scabies merupakan penyakit infeksi kulit menular yang diakibatkan oleh sejenis kutu. Kelainan skabies menempati urutan ke 3 dari 12 penyakit kulit tersering di Indonesia. Prevalensi skabies yang tinggi umumnya ditemukan di lingkungan dengan kepadatan penghuni dan kontak interpersonal tinggi seperti penjara, panti asuhan, dan pondok pesantren. Peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap pada santri dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pendidikan kesehatan dengan metode pembelajaran yang sesuai dan efektif.  Pengetahuan dan sikap seseorang tentunya memiliki peranan untuk melakukan pencegahan dengan melakukan praktik kebersihan diri yang baik untuk mencegah terjadinya scabies, selain itu seseorang tersebut juga dapat mengetahui tentang faktor-faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan scabies. Nama Kegiatan: Kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah Edukasi Dan Konseling Guna Pencegahan Scabies yang diberikan kepada Santri di pesantren Al I’tishom Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta. Tujuan : Meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap santri dalam perilaku pencehagan scabies Metode Pelaksanaan: Pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan secara daring menggunakan goo meet dalam 3 sesi yaitu: Sesi 1 :  Edukasi tentang Penyakit Scabies; Sesi 2 :  Konseling dan Sharing dengan melibatkan pendamping santri (ustadz);  Sesi  3: Evaluasi. Kesimpulan: Sebanyak >50% peserta mampu menjawab pertanyaan post test secara lisan dengan benar ; 100% pendamping  aktif dalam melakukan pendampingan pada santri saat pelaksanaan edukasi  dan turut aktif pula dalam berdiskusi saat konseling berlangsung. Saran: Setelah dilakukan edukasi dan konseling ini hendaknya santri dapat lebih meningkatkan sikap dan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat guna pencegahan scabies. Serta pengurus pondok  diharapkan lebih meningkatkan edukasi terutama tentang penyakit scabies dan membuat jadwal supervisi secara periodik untuk mengetahui lebih awal kemungkinan adanya kejadian scabies pada santri.

 

Kata Kunci: Edukasi, Konseling, Scabies, Santri
Is cabri 3d software effective for teaching geometry materials? A meta-analysis study in Indonesia
Authors: Suparman Suparman
Published: December 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of Cabri 3D software in teaching geometry material and explore some potential factors moderating the heterogeneity of students' mathematical academic outcomes. A meta-analysis by selecting the random effect model was employed in this study. The final literature search and selection process determined eight journal articles and six proceeding articles published from 2016 to 2021 and indexed by Scopus and Google Scholar. Numerical and categorical data of every document were extracted to a coding sheet. Data were analyzed by using the Z-test and the Q Cochran test. The tests were assisted by the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. The result showed that the overall effect size of the Cabri 3D software in teaching geometry materials was g = 0,635. It meant that Cabri 3D software posed a moderately positive effect on students' mathematical learning outcomes in geometry learning. Moreover, Cabri 3D software was significantly effective for teaching geometry material. Some potential factors, such as education level, participant number, and treatment duration, did not moderate the heterogeneity of students' mathematical academic outcomes. This study suggests that mathematics teachers or lecturers utilize Cabri 3D software to teach geometry materials.