bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Neurophysiological Representation of Imagined Somatosensory Percepts in Human Cortex
Authors: Bashford Luke , Rosenthal Isabelle , Kellis Spencer , Pejsa Kelsie , Kramer Daniel , Lee Brian , Liu Charles , Andersen Richard A.
Published: January 2021

Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) in human primary somatosensory cortex (S1) has been used to successfully evoke naturalistic sensations. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the evoked sensations remain unknown. To understand how specific stimulation parameters elicit certain sensations we must first understand the representation of those sensations in the brain. In this study we record from intracortical microelectrode arrays implanted in S1, premotor cortex, and posterior parietal cortex of a male human participant performing a somatosensory imagery task. The sensations imagined were those previously elicited by ICMS of S1, in the same array of the same participant. In both spike and local field potential recordings, features of the neural signal can be used to classify different imagined sensations. These features are shown to be stable over time. The sensorimotor cortices only encode the imagined sensation during the imagery task, while posterior parietal cortex encodes the sensations starting with cue presentation. These findings demonstrate that different aspects of the sensory experience can be individually decoded from intracortically recorded human neural signals across the cortical sensory network. Activity underlying these unique sensory representations may inform the stimulation parameters for precisely eliciting specific sensations via ICMS in future work.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTElectrical stimulation of human cortex is increasingly more common for providing feedback in neural devices. Understanding the relationship between naturally evoked and artificially evoked neurophysiology for the same sensations will be important in advancing such devices. Here, we investigate the neural activity in human primary somatosensory, premotor, and parietal cortices during somatosensory imagery. The sensations imagined were those previously elicited during intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the same somatosensory electrode array. We elucidate the neural features during somatosensory imagery that significantly encode different aspects of individual sensations and demonstrate feature stability over almost a year. The correspondence between neurophysiology elicited with or without stimulation for the same sensations will inform methods to deliver more precise feedback through stimulation in the future.
Phosphodiesterase 4A confers resistance to PGE2‐mediated suppression in CD25+/CD54+ NK cells
Authors: Chen Ziqing , Yang Ying , Neo Shi Y , Shi Hao , Chen Yi , Wagner Arnika K , Larsson Karin , Tong Le , Jakobsson Per‐Johan , Alici Evren , Wu Jing , Cao Yihai , Wang Kai , Liu Lisa L , Mao Yumeng , Sarhan Dhifaf , Lundqvist Andreas
Published: January 2021

Inadequate persistence of tumor‐infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells is associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. The solid tumor microenvironment is characterized by the presence of immunosuppressive factors, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), that limit NK cell persistence. Here, we investigate if the modulation of the cytokine environment in lung cancer with IL‐2 or IL‐15 renders NK cells resistant to suppression by PGE2. Analyzing Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we found that high NK cell gene signatures correlate with significantly improved overall survival in patients with high levels of the prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES). In vitro, IL‐15, in contrast to IL‐2, enriches for CD25+/CD54+ NK cells with superior mTOR activity and increased expression of the cAMP hydrolyzing enzyme phosphodiesterase 4A (PDE4A). Consequently, this distinct population of NK cells maintains their function in the presence of PGE2 and shows an increased ability to infiltrate lung adenocarcinoma tumors in vitro and in vivo. Thus, strategies to enrich CD25+/CD54+ NK cells for adoptive cell therapy should be considered.
Intercomparisons of precipitable water vapour derived from radiosonde , GPS and sunphotometer observations
Authors: Gong Shaoqi , Chen Wenqin , Zhang Cunjie , Wu Ping , Han Jing
Published: January 2021

The atmospheric precipitable water vapour (PWV) plays a crucial role in the hydrological cycle and energy transfer on a global scale. Radiosonde (RS), sunphotometer (SP) and GPS (as well as broader GNSS) receivers have gradually been the principal instruments for ground-based PWV observation. This study first co-locates the observation stations configured the three instruments in the globe and in three typical latitudinal climatic regions respectively, then the PWV data from the three instruments are matched each other according to the observing times. After the outliers are removed from the matched data pairs, the PWV intercomparisons for any two instruments are performed. The results show that the PWV estimates from any two instruments have a good agreement with very high correlation coefficients. The latitude and climate have no significant influence on the PWV measurements from the three instruments, indicating that the instruments are very stable and depend on their performance. The PWV differences of any two instruments display the normal distribution, indicating non-systematic biases among the two PWV datasets. The relative differences between SP and GPS are the smallest, the middle between SP and RS, and those between GPS and RS are the largest. This study will be useful to promote GPS (GNSS) and SP PWV to be a substitute for RS PWV as a benchmark because of their high temporal resolutions.
Pre-term birth in women exposed to Cushing’s disease: the baby-cush study
Authors: Hochman Clarisse , Cristante Justine , Geslot Aurore , Salenave Sylvie , Sonnet Emmanuel , Briet Claire , Bachelot Anne , Chevalier Nicolas , Gilly Olivier , Brue Thierry , Hadjadj Samy , Kerlan Veronique , Chanson Philippe , Vezzosi Delphine , Chabre Olivier , Drui Delphine , Castinetti Frederic
Published: January 2021

Design

Hypercortisolism during pregnancy is a risk factor for prematurity. Long-term exposure to hypercortisolism may lead to permanent comorbidities, such as hypertension or diabetes, even after remission. Our aim was to determine whether women with a history of Cushing’s disease (and being eu-, hypo- or hypercortisolic at the time of pregnancy) had the same risks of comorbidities, and especially prematurity, during pregnancy.

Methods

It was a retrospective multicentric study focusing on mothers with a history of Cushing’s disease or diagnosed during pregnancy, followed in French tertiary referral centers. We compared the outcomes of pregnancies depending on the cortisolic status at the time of pregnancy.

Results

A total of 60 patients (78 pregnancies including 21 with hypercortisolism, 32 with hypocortisolism and 25 in eucortisolism in 25) were evaluated. The overall rate of preterm birth was 24.3%, with a peak in women diagnosed during pregnancy (62.5%), a high risk in hypercortisolic (33%) and hypocortisolic (19.3%), and a low risk (8%) in eucortisolic women Gestational diabetes and hypertension were observed in 21% and 10.4% of the whole cohort, with a higher risk in hypercortisolic women. Cesarean delivery was performed in 33.7% of the cohort.

Conclusions

Being non-eucortisolic at the time of pregnancy increases the risk of prematurity and comorbidities compared to the general population. Women with a history of Cushing’s disease should thus be carefully monitored during pregnancy. The high rate of cesarean delivery emphasizes the fact that these pregnancies should always be considered at risk.
Spartalizumab in metastatic, well/poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Yao James C , Strosberg Jonathan , Fazio Nicola , Pavel Marianne E , Bergsland Emily , Ruszniewski Philippe , Halperin Daniel M , Li Daneng , Tafuto Salvatore , Raj Nitya , Campana Davide , Hijioka Susumu , Raderer Markus , Guimbaud Rosine , Gajate Pablo , Pusceddu Sara , Reising Albert , Degtyarev Evgeny , Shilkrut Mark , Eddy Simantini , Singh Simron
Published: January 2021

Spartalizumab, a humanized anti-programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) MAB, was evaluated in patients with well-differentiated metastatic grade 1/2 neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and poorly differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (GEP-NEC). In this phase II, multicenter, single-arm study, patients received spartalizumab 400 mg every 4 weeks until confirmed disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was confirmed overall response rate (ORR) according to blinded independent review committee using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors 1.1. The study enrolled 95 patients in the NET group (30, 32 and 33 in the thoracic, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic cohorts, respectively), and 21 patients in the GEP-NEC group. The ORR was 7.4% (95% CI: 3.0, 14.6) in the NET group (thoracic, 16.7%; gastrointestinal, 3.1%; pancreatic, 3.0%), which was below the predefined success criterion of ≥10%, and 4.8% (95% CI: 0.1, 23.8) in the GEP-NEC group. In the NET and GEP-NEC groups, the 12-month progression-free survival was 19.5 and 0%, respectively, and the 12-month overall survival was 73.5 and 19.1%, respectively. The ORR was higher in patients with ≥1% PD-L1 expression in immune/tumor cells or ≥1% CD8+ cells at baseline. The most common adverse events considered as spartalizumab-related included fatigue (29.5%) and nausea (10.5%) in the NET group, and increased aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (each 14.3%) in the GEP-NEC group. The efficacy of spartalizumab was limited in this heterogeneous and heavily pre-treated population; however, the results in the thoracic cohort are encouraging and warrants further investigation. Adverse events were manageable and consistent with previous experience.
Metabolic syndrome and heart failure: mechanism and management
Authors: Purwowiyoto Sidhi Laksono , Prawara Ananta Siddhi
Published: January 2021

Heart failure (HF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are syndromes that affect a large proportion of the world population. MetS is known to be one of the risk factors of HF, and it can also act as comorbidity in HF. This review aims to further discuss the mechanism of MetS in causing HF, the management of MetS in order to prevent HF, and the management of MetS in HF patients. Visceral adiposity is the primary trigger of MetS which is followed by chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and neurohormonal activation. All the mechanisms causing MetS play also an important role in the progression of HF. The MetS approach can be achieved by managing its components according to the current guidelines and careful management of MetS should be done in patients with HF. MetS is closely related to the progression of HF so that comprehensive management which involves a multidisciplinary team is necessary for managing patients with metabolic syndrome and heart failure.
Félix José de Restrepo, las ambigüedades de la esclavitud y la sensibilidad antiesclavista. Popayán, 1783-1808
Authors: Pérez Morales Edgardo
Published: January 2021

Antes de haber descollado como autor de la ley de libertad de vientres y manumisión gradual de esclavos durante la temprana Colombia, Félix José de Restrepo fue propietario y defensor de esclavos en la Popayán colonial. Este artículo analiza la relación ambigua de Restrepo con la esclavitud, así como su formación intelectual y práctica jurídica durante los últimos años coloniales del Nuevo Reino de Granada. Evaluar la vida de Restrepo antes de la Revolución nos permite dar cuenta de las raíces coloniales de la sensibilidad antiesclavista que cristalizaría como propuesta política republicana después de 1808. Restrepo reconoció de forma temprana que no existía una doctrina jurídica homogénea sobre el origen del cautiverio, y sostuvo que los esclavos poseían dignidad humana. Haciendo uso de su formación en filosofía moderna, y nutriéndose de sus conocimientos en latinidad, derecho castellano y teoría política del siglo XVII, Restrepo desarrolló esta posición de manera autóctona en los tribunales de justicia de Popayán.
Las fuentes de la memoria: usos de la historia y las ciencias sociales en el Proyecto Colombia Nunca Más
Authors: Tamayo Plazas María Angélica
Published: January 2021

Este artículo analiza las relaciones entre la memoria y la historia en el caso del Proyecto Colombia Nunca Más (PCNM) y el trabajo de memoria que llevó a cabo en las décadas de 1990 y 2000. Se trata de la iniciativa de un grupo de organizaciones defensoras de derechos humanos para la construcción de una memoria de la violencia reciente en el país relacionada con crímenes de Estado. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar las prácticas de memoria de esta iniciativa, haciendo énfasis en el uso de la historia y las ciencias sociales para los fines de la memoria, con base en la documentación del archivo institucional del PCNM, informes publicados y entrevistas semiestructuradas a participantes del proyecto. Encontramos que esta iniciativa memorial recurrió tanto a la información acumulada durante años por distintas organizaciones de derechos humanos y testimonios de las víctimas, como a conceptos, técnicas y literatura propios de las ciencias sociales, provocando deslizamientos e intersecciones entre distintos marcos de sentido, los de una iniciativa de memoria y los de las ciencias sociales. Se analiza cómo la información y los recursos académicos son apropiados por el pcnm e integrados en su narrativa acerca del pasado-presente de violencia, en un momento de importantes cambios en la movilización social por defensa de los derechos humanos en Colombia y América Latina.
Delincuencia femenina, violencia y castigo: ladronas, asesinas e infanticidas. Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1904-1921
Authors: Calandria Sol
Published: January 2021

A finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, en Argentina se produjo un aumento de la delincuencia que aunó las preocupaciones de la élite gobernante y los profesionales. Sin embargo, la persecución y detención de la delincuencia varió según la condición de género. Las mujeres fueron menos criminalizadas que los varones, ya que sus actos delictivos no se consideraban de alta peligrosidad social. Aunque el porcentaje femenino de delincuentes registrado por estadistas y contemporáneos resulta menor que el masculino, no por ello se trató de un problema social de menor impacto. Desde una perspectiva de estudio que se sitúa en la intersección entre la historia social de la justicia y los estudios de género, este artículo analiza los delitos cometidos por mujeres que fueron efectivamente castigados por el Estado bonaerense. Particularmente, hace hincapié en los delitos de hurto y robo, infanticidio y homicidio. Para ello, se utiliza una sistematización de elaboración propia a partir de 615 legajos de mujeres que estuvieron presas en la Penitenciaría de Mujeres N.o 8 del Servicio Penitenciario Bonaerense.
Myriam Jimeno. Cultura y violencia: hacia una ética social del reconocimiento.
Authors: Esquivel Triana Ricardo
Published: January 2021

Una reseña tradicional suele parecerse a un resumen analítico de la obra en cuestión. Para el caso, aquí se referiría a la compilación de catorce artículos sobre la violencia escritos por Myriam Jimeno entre 1996 y 2015. Los artículos están organizados en cuatro partes que incluyen, cada una, aspectos sobre la relación entre violencia, cultura, política y emociones. Si bien en el prólogo Joanne Rappaport recomienda leer los artículos en orden cronológico y tomar el concepto “configuración emotiva” para evidenciar cómo la autora fue evolucionando en su investigación, esta recomendación de la prologuista también tiene intención pedagógica: mostrarles a los estudiantes que “la investigación es algo que se desarrolla a través del tiempo y que nunca es algo aislado y puntual” (p. 8).
Efectos de forma y tamaño del poro sobre las propiedades mecánicas de las membranas del grafeno nanoporoso
Authors: Cabanillas-Casas Cristopher J. , Cuba-Supanta Gustavo , Rojas Tapia Justo , Rojas-Ayala Chachi
Published: January 2021

En el presente trabajo se estudiaron los efectos de forma y tamaño de los poros sobre las propiedades mecánicas de membranas de grafeno nanoporosas (GNP). Las simulaciones de dinámica molecular fueron ejecutadas para estudiar las respuestas mecánicas y estructurales bajo una tracción uniaxial. Los resultados de las curvas tensión-deformación de las membranas de GNP muestran un comportamiento lineal elástico para razones de deformación pequeñas ($<$0.03) independiente de la dirección quiral. La anisotropía quiral (dirección armchair y zigzag) es notoria conforme se incrementa la deformación hasta el punto de fractura. Las membranas de GNP con poro hexagonal y rectangular presentan una mayor tensión de fractura (65 GPa y 81 GPa, respectivamente). Además, el módulo elástico de Young disminuye conforme se incrementa el tamaño del poro. Se espera que este estudio brinde aplicación práctica como filtros de membranas de alto rendimiento.
Annealing efficacy on PLA. Insights on mechanical, thermomechanical and crystallinity characters
Authors: Luna Carlos B. B. , Siqueira Danilo D. , Araújo Edcleide M. , Wellen Renate M. R.
Published: January 2021

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is widely used biodegradable thermoplastic in the additive manufacturing, mainly on manufactured products through 3D printing. However, PLA is highly fragile and presents low impact strength; hence improvements on this way are industrially and technologically important. Aiming to develop proper methodology for higher PLA performance, this work investigated the effects of thermal annealing on the mechanical properties (impact, tensile, Shore D hardness), heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening temperature (VST) and crystallinity (X-ray diffraction) of PLA. Injected specimens were annealed in greenhouses at 70, 80, 90 and 100 °C. Annealing at 70 °C was not effective, without verified significant changes. On the other hand, annealing at 80, 90 and 100 °C provided crystalline peaks in DRX, indicating development of structural organization. Expressive results were achieved, at 90 °C, for impact strength, HDT, VST, Shore D hardness and tensile strength, related to non-annealed PLA. Provided results in this work have scientific and technological importance, since the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of PLA were improved using a simple methodology which may render higher performance products mainly for the 3D printing industry of PLA.
TEORÍA SOCIAL COMO «MÚSICA DE PALABRAS». ELEMENTOS DE ANÁLISIS (QUE NO SERÁN BIENVENIDOS) EN TORNO AL MARXISMO EDULCORADO DEL VENDEHÚMOS ACADEMICUS S. ŽIŽEK
Authors: Haba Enrique Pedro
Published: January 2021

Aquí se someten a escudriñamientos de orden analítico-realista los contenidos del difundido debate Peterson-Žižek, «Felicidad: Capitalismo vs. Marxismo». Queda así en evidencia el simplismo, la gran indeterminación (fórmulas vacías) y en general el escapismo de planteamientos (esencialismo, falacia intelectualista, etc.) como los ofrecidos por Žižek. Fue un pseudo-«debate»: no existe contradicción propiamente dicha, ni aun parcial, entre lo alegado respectivamente por esos académicos en sus exposiciones iniciales («vorbeireden»); y menos que menos la hubo en cuanto a los enfoques de índole esencialmente parateologal hacia los cuales dirigieron su atención principal durante la segunda mitad de ese evento, sobre los que llegaron ambos a concordar hasta de manera expresa. Finalmente se añaden, al margen, unas observaciones sobre ciertas consideraciones de Žižek ulteriores: sus arengas (siempre en clave musica di paroli) de futurología esperanzada en el quehacer del covid-19 —muy bienvenido, pues debe abrir cauce a la definitiva ingeniería social salvífica globalista, gerenciada mediante imperium soberano de la alta burocracia internacional (onu)—.
INNOVATION ACTIVITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF WINE INDUSTRY: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Dimitrova Gergana , Angelova Mina , Pastarmadzhieva Daniela
Published: January 2021

Competitiveness is a fundamental indicator of great importance for the functioning of both enterprises and national economies. A number of factors influence the assessment of an enterprise's competitiveness. Among these factors is innovation activity. For Bulgaria wine production is a traditional sector with potential for development in different directions. Given the increasing competition on the domestic and world wine market, a research of the Bulgarian wine industry is more than necessary. One of the directions that can contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the sector is increasing the innovation activity of the wine producers. In this sense, the aim of this study is to conceptualize the role of innovation activity as an element of competitiveness, and in particular its role in improving the competitiveness of the wine industry. For this purpose, a number of theoretical sources and empirical studies on innovation activity and competitiveness in both general and wine-making are reviewed. Systematization of the studied literature was made and summaries were made about the possible contribution of the innovation activity in improving the competitiveness of Bulgarian wine production.
EQUITY CROWDFUNDING AS A TYPE OF PROJECT INVESTING
Authors: Blagoev Dimitar , Petkov Krasimir
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE
The Article aims to present the potential and capabilities of the application of equity crowdfunding as an option to invest and to form investment portfolios for the individual investors. The emphasis is shifted from the widespread use of the concept of crowdfunding, as a cutting-edge source for providing capital for investment projects of innovative companies (especially suitable source for the so called Startup companies), to its use as a tool for establishing an investment portfolio based on appropriate balance between the rates of return and risk.
METHODS
Various authors' views on key concepts such as investments, projects, investment projects, equity collective investment, investment portfolios, etc. have been clarified and summarized. The investment process is explained in the context of creating a portfolio of investments using equity crowdfunding platforms. Conceptually, the essential characteristic of the project theory, the theory of collective investment, with its methodological and mathematical tools, are revealed.
RESULTS
On this theoretical basis and adaptation, a conceptual methodological model has been developed, to be used for selection of portfolio of investment projects for equity collective investment. The model focuses on the optimization of rate of return, given the risk nature of the financial investment instrument used in collective investment.
CONCLUSIONS
Conclusions are presented about the main advantages and the respective limitations of the type of investments, subject of the paper.
Joubert's syndrome as a cause of cholestasis in children
Authors:   SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academical O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, Berezenko V.S. , Mikhailyuk H.Z. ,   SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academical O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv
Published: January 2021

Literature review and a case report of Joubert syndrome in a preschool child are presented. This syndrome is accompanied by chronic intrahepatic cholestasis, characteristic facial dysmorphia, congenital malformations of the urinary system, eyes pathology, confirmed by a molecular genetic test of TMEM67 gene mutations. Diagnostic aspects of this pathology have been reviewed. The clinical case description. Boy K was admitted to the pediatric hepatology department with respiratory and renal failure, decompensated acidosis. On admission, complaints included shortness of breath, severe itching, pale and dry skin, poor appetite and delayed physical development. On examination, dysembryogenic stigmas: large head circumference, elongated face, protruding forehead, high rounded eyebrows, deeply set eyes, hypertelorism, antimongoloid incision of the eyes, low auricles. The skin was pale, dry with the scratch marks on the arms and legs flexor surfaces. Ankles, wrists skin lichenification, bruising and hyperpigmentation was observed. Moderate palmar erythema, spider veins on the abdomen, watch-glass nails were present. The abdomen was enlarged due to hepatosplenomegaly. A clinical and paraclinical examination was conducted, the patient was consulted by related specialists. Based on the obtained data and molecular genetic examination, the diagnosis was made. Conclusion. Joubert's syndrome may have a clinical presentation similar to that in cholestatic liver disease with typical clinical and laboratory symptoms. The molecular genetic testing is an important workup component in children with liver pathology combined with damage to other organs and systems. Successful treatment is possible providing a multidisciplinary approach used. The study was conducted by the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the abovementioned institution. Informed consent of the child's parents was obtained for the research. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Keywords: Joubert syndrome, cholestasis, children.
Manajemen Strategik Customer Relationship Management (CRM) dalam Menjaga Loyalitas Donatur
Authors: Awaliah Dewi , Rahman Arif , Kuswana Dadang
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen strategik Customer Relationship Management (CRM) dalam menjaga loyalitas donatur di lembaga zakat Sinergi Foundation. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian manajemen strategik Customer Relationship Management (CRM) dalam menjaga loyalitas donatur di Sinergi Foundation dilakukan dengan baik sesuai dengan teori tahapan manajemen strategik yaitu pengamatan atau analisis lingkungan yang terdiri dari kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman dilakukan oleh Sinergi Foundation sebagai bahan untuk perumusan strategi. Perumusan strategi dilakukan dengan membentuk visi misi, implementasi strategi dilakukan dengan memperkuat sisi kelembagaan dan sistem organisasi dengan meningkatkan peran divisi masing-masing, evaluasi dan pengendalian dengan melihat analisa jumlah donatur dari tahun ke tahun serta mengadakan rapat evaluasi bulanan internal. Dengan demikian, ini menunjukan bahwa manajemen strategic Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Sinergi Foundation dalam menjaga loyalitas donaturnya sudah berjalan dengan baik dan mendapatkan hasil yang optimal.

This research aims to determine the strategic management of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in maintaining the loyalty of donors in the zakat institutions of Sinergi Foundation. The method used in this research is descriptive method with qualitative approach. The result of strategic management of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in maintaining donor loyalty in Sinergi Foundation is done well in accordance with strategic management stage theory that is observation or environmental analysis consisting of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats done by Sinergi Foundation as material for strategy formulation. Strategy formulation is done by establishing mission vision, strategy implementation is done by strengthening institutional and organizational system by increasing the role of each division, evaluation and controlling by looking at the analysis of the number of donors from year to year and holding monthly internal evaluation meetings. Thus, this shows that the strategic management of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Sinergi Foundation in maintaining donor loyalty is running well and get optimal results.
Epidemiology and Clinicopathological Profile of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review from Tertiary Care Referral Centre
Authors: Pallagani Likhiteswer , Choudhary Gautam Ram , Pandey Himanshu , Madduri Vijay K.S. , Singh Mahendra , Gupta Prateek , Shrivastava Nikita , Baid Gaurav , Rao Meenakshi , Nalwa Aasma , Pareek Puneet , Misra Sanjeev
Published: January 2021

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 3% of all adult cancers and 85% of all kidney tumours. Incidence of RCC is lower in Asian region, particularly in India, probably due to lack of reporting. Most of the data about RCC are from Western countries; and data from India are scarce, especially regarding para-neoplastic syndromes. We sought to determine the epidemiology, clinicopathological profile and management of RCCin a tertiary care centre in Western India.
This was a retrospective study that involved data analysis of records of RCC patients who presented to our institution from April 2016 to February 2020. Laboratory investigations, including tests for paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS), and relevant radiologic investigations were performed and treatment was offered according to the stage, patient factors and available modalities.
A total 142 RCC patients were included in the study. The median age of presentation was 58 years. Most of the patients (67%) were symptomatic, and 33% of the patients were asymptomatic, and the RCC was diagnosed incidentally. A large number of patients (56.3%) had PNS. The most common histopathologic type of RCC was clear cell carcinoma (68.8%), followed by papillary (20%) and chromophobe (8%) carcinoma. 40% of carcinomas with sarcomatoid differentiation were seen in patients under 50 years of age. Two cases of multicystic RCC were both seen in patients less than 50 years of age. 65.5% of the patients presented at Stage 1 and 2. Most surgeries (71.2%) were done in a minimally invasive manner.
A significant number of patients were asymptomatic, in which RCC was detected incidentally. The age of presentation was earlier, yet the patients had a higher tumour stage. More than half of the patients had PNSs. Despite growing trend towards Western data, the significantly higher number of patients with PNSs and early age of presentation suggest inherent differences in tumour biology, possibly related to differences in genetic and environmental factors.
NVSR 70-2: Births: Final Data for 2019
Authors:   National Center for Health Statistics
Published: January 2021

This report presents 2019 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted.
Identitas Dalam Mata Kuliah Bahasa Indonesia di Jurusan Teknik Kelautan 2019 Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya
Authors: Isnah Encik Savira
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the identity that emerges through language in Indonesian language major in tertiary engineering concentration. The research was conducted in the Department of Marine Engineering, Sepuluh November Institute of Technology Surabaya. The method used is descriptive qualitative with Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis. Van Dijk's three models are macrostructure, social cognition, and microstructure. The results of the study show that identity does not only emerge from a person's psychological background but is also seen from the language used. most students try to use mimicry in using language, that is, students outside Surabaya try to use Suroboyoan as the language of instruction in discussions in the Indonesian class as an effort to bring out their identity as suroboyo architects, no longer their origin areas to be socially acceptable. Other findings, Indonesian language classes bring up the identity associated with the understanding adopted by students.
Genealogi Wabah dalam Cerita-cerita Dewi Sekardadu
Authors: Mashuri Mashuri , Alfin Jauharoti
Published: January 2021

This research traces the genealogy of the wabah (pandemic) in Dewi Sekardadu's stories. Dewi Sekardadu’s story in this study is taken from the Javanese writing tradition. This paper aim to describe the origin of the wabah in the story (Dewi Sekardadu) and the power relations of knowledge in Java from the point of view of origin and meaning. The theory used is triangulation folklore theory, comparative literature and archo-genealogy of knowledge. The results were (1) almost all Javanese chronicles or chronicles always included Dewi Sekardadu's story because it was always mentioned in the stories of Maulana Ishak or Seh Wali Lanang and Sunan Giri; (2) the position and causes of the wabah in Dewi Sekardadu's storyline in the old writing tradition varied depending on the writing period; and (3) the genealogy of the wabah in Dewi Sekardadu's stories can be traced to several previous Javanese sources or literature, namely the stories of prophets, guardians, and pre-Islamic treasures in Java.
Kilas-Balik Wabah di Indonesia
Authors: Khodafi Muhammad , Wildayati Wildayati , Septiyani Rizki Endi
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to determine (1) the events of the Spanish Influenza 1918-1920 pandemic in Indonesia, (2) the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, and (3) a map of the COVID-19 pandemic through the Spanish Influenza1918-1920 in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative methods through literature study techniques. The data obtained were analyzed using the phenomenological theory of Alfert Schurtz. The results of this study indicate if (1) the Spanish Influenza1918 in Indonesia can be categorized through the history, impact, and efforts to overcome the pandemic in Indonesia, (2) the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia can be mapped into three parts (discussion) similar to the Spanish Influenza 1918 in Indonesia, and (3) a map of the COVID-19 pandemic through the Spanish Influenza 1918 in Indonesia. Overall these two pandemic events can be correlated as historical repetitions, that is, between the past and the present. This research is expected to find continuity as a historical fact as well as learning material in the future.
The modified smart city concept for Russian municipalities in the context of change management
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Komarevtseva Olga O.
Published: January 2021

Relevance. Outdated tools and instruments for development and governance prevent the effective use of data and digital platforms in Russian cities, thus creating obstacles for the implementation of smart new solutions. Moreover, the established system of smart city evaluation is 'overloaded' with indicators. For these reasons, the smart city concept is inadequate for today's reality of most Russian municipalities, making it difficult for them to meet the national goals for the digitalization of the country's economy. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to adjust the smart city concept for municipal economy in Russia and to propose a modified version of this concept. Research objective. This study aims at creating a modified smart city concept by changing evaluation criteria and using a simulation model of municipal economy. Results. The study found that the established smart city concept is not entirely suitable for implementation in Russian municipalities. The lack of adequate methodology of smart city evaluation impedes efficient economic development of municipalities. Data and methods. The study applies a simulation model of municipal economy, which is built by using simulation modelling methods and the Bass diffusion model. Conclusions. The proposed modifications of the smart city concept can provide a springboard for economic development of Russian municipalities to achieve the goals of national digital strategies.
COVID-19 pandemic, emergency remote teaching and Nursing Now: challenges for nursing education
Authors: Silva Carla Marins , Toriyama Aurea Tamami Minagawa , Claro Heloísa Garcia , Borghi Camila Amaral , Castro Thaís Rojas , Salvador Pedro Ivo Camacho Alves
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective To discuss remote activities in nursing education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic for strengthening nursing from the perspective of the “Nursing Now” campaign. Method Theoretical-reflective study based on literature and critical analysis. Discussion Reflection about the measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic and suspend in-person classes, the adoption of alternative forms of teaching, especially online ones, and their repercussions on nursing teaching strategies. There were difficulties regarding the quality of education, unequal access, and lack of knowledge from professors. Final considerations The negative impact that emergency distance teaching had on the education of nurses stands out, in contrast to the world movement for the valuing of nurses. The legacy of this crisis must be taken advantage of through the better use of technological resources and their incorporation in teaching, having as a certainty that the distance teaching model does not encompass the totality of nursing education.
Efficient Multi-objective Reinforcement Learning via Multiple-gradient Descent with Iteratively Discovered Weight-Vector Sets
Authors: Cao Yongcan , Zhan Huixin
Published: January 2021

Solving multi-objective optimization problems is important in various applications where users are interested in obtaining optimal policies subject to multiple (yet often conflicting) objectives. A typical approach to obtain the optimal policies is to first construct a loss function based on the scalarization of individual objectives and then derive optimal policies that minimize the scalarized loss function. Albeit simple and efficient, the typical approach provides no insights/mechanisms on the optimization of multiple objectives due to the lack of ability to quantify the inter-objective relationship. To address the issue, we propose to develop a new efficient gradient-based multi-objective reinforcement learning approach that seeks to iteratively uncover the quantitative inter-objective relationship via finding a minimum-norm point in the convex hull of the set of multiple policy gradients when the impact of one objective on others is unknown a priori. In particular, we first propose a new PAOLS algorithm that integrates pruning and approximate optimistic linear support algorithm to efficiently discover the weight-vector sets of multiple gradients that quantify the inter-objective relationship. Then we construct an actor and a multi-objective critic that can co-learn the policy and the multi-objective vector value function. Finally, the weight discovery process and the policy and vector value function learning process can be iteratively executed to yield stable weight-vector sets and policies. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we present a quantitative evaluation of the approach based on three case studies.
“You Do It!”: Going-to-Bed Books and the Scripts of Children's Literature
Authors: Bernstein Robin
Published: January 2021

This essay uses performance theory to intervene in a decades-long debate about a characteristic of children's literature: it is the only major category of literature written by one group (adults) for another (children). According to a contested but tenacious school of thought, this difference between writers and readers embeds top-down power, or adult domination of children, in children's literature. I identify a popular subcategory of children's literature, the “going-to-bed book” (exemplified by Margaret Wise Brown and Clement Hurd'sGoodnight Moon), which appears to epitomize and therefore shore up this top-down model. I then read going-to-bed books through function—that is, the ritualistic actions or performances that these books prompt, or script, among child and adult readers. This mode of analysis initially produces seemingly powerful evidence in support of the top-down model of children's literature; but that evidence, as I show by examining two recent best sellers, ultimately unravels.
A three-dimensional numerical method for siphon drainage process simulation
Authors: Lv Chengcheng , Wang Dongfei , Shuai Feixiang , Sun Hongyue , Shang Yuequan
Published: January 2021

Siphon drainage using inclined borehole and 4 mm inner diameter pipes is an efficient and stable measure for long-term landslide drainage. In order to compare alternative drainage arrangements more efficiently, a numerical method is proposed for siphon drainage process simulation. The novelty of this method is to simulate the dynamic process of siphon drainage by a series of iterative seepage analyses. The whole drainage process is divided into many small time steps and each one corresponds to an independent seepage analysis. The iterative operation is fully automated by reading and rewriting the calculation document with Python code. The siphon flow rate in each analysis is determined by the total head at the siphon pipe inlet obtained from the previous analysis result. An empirical formula based on experimental data is used for flow rate calculation. SEEP3D is adopted to perform the three-dimensional seepage analysis. BUILD3D along with computer-aided design software is used to build the three-dimensional model with a realistic topographic surface. The proposed method is illustrated and validated with a case, the Shaqiucun landslide, China. A parameter study is carried out and the influence of parameter setting on the drainage effect is discussed.
Exploiting digitalisation to plan interventions on large water distribution networks
Authors: Kerwin Sean , Adey Bryan T
Published: January 2021

Cities rely heavily on the services provided by water distribution networks. These networks are large and complex, consisting of thousands of kilometres of buried pipes and dozens of facilities where water is treated, pumped and stored. Infrastructure managers are entrusted with the planning and execution of interventions on these assets to ensure that the provided service exceeds the minimum levels mandated by stakeholders at all times. This is a difficult task due to the spatial extent of these networks, shrinking budgets and the complexity of coordinating with multiple stakeholders. Previously, Kerwin and Adey presented an approach to address these concerns, using a small example network, leaving open the question of how this approach would work on a large real-world network. This paper fills this gap by discussing the simplifications needed to apply the methodology to a larger network and demonstrating its advantages with three applications: (a) estimating the budget requirements needed to implement various intervention strategies, (b) communicating project-level trade-offs of different intervention strategies and budget scenarios and (c) investigating how the intervention-planning activities of other networks could affect these estimates. The methodology is demonstrated on a large distribution network consisting of 14 pressure zones for a 5-year period.
HISTORY AND REFORMS OF THE PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University named after Arabaev, Merkanov Adilet
Published: January 2021

Nowadays in Kyrgyz Republic take a place huge reforms of prosecutors. The implementation of national projects requires a new quality of prosecutorial oversight so thatthe human rights and law enforcement potential of the prosecutor’s office really contributes to the development of a democratic rule of law. The prosecutor's office as one of the state legal institutions plays an extremely important role in the public and state life of the Kyrgyz Republic. As you know, the successful implementation of socio-economic and socio-political transformations in the state largely depends on existing laws, the observance of which the prosecutor's office is called upon to monitor.
CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF THE MILK PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors:   Osh State University, Imaraliev Omurbek , Kantoroeva Gulzat ,   Kyrgyz National  University named after J. Balasagyn, Attokurova Gulumkan ,   Osh State University
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the milk processing industry as a priority and competitive food industry and identifies problems in this industry, suggests directions for their development in the future. The subject of the research is the milk processing industry in market conditions, and the aim of the study is to assess the state of the milk processing industry and determine promising areas of development. Research methods: analytical, monographic research.
THE ROLE OF SMALL BUSINESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   International University of Kyrgyzstan, Ashirbekov Nurzhan , Bazarbayev Zhyldyzbek ,   LLC "Central Asia Distribution"
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the role of small business and its impact on the economy of Kazakhstan, as a factor in the country's sustainable development. The development of small small businesses is the basis for the stability of the macroeconomic situation of the state.Officially, small and medium-sized businesses have been identified in Kazakhstan as the most important sector of the economy. An analysis of data on the production of small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan shows that small business shows the most productive activity.
LABOR PROTECTION AND SAFETY OF EMPLOYEES IN THE MINING INDUSTRY IN KYRGYZSTAN: HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS AND ONGOING ISSUES
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University of Geology, Mining and Development of Natural Resources named after academician U. Asanaliev, Altymyshbaeva Lena , Isaev Adilet ,   LLC "KAZ Minerals Bozymchak"
Published: January 2021

This article studies the legal and institutional issues of the establishment and development in the Labour Protection and Safety System in the Mining Industry of Kyrgyzstan. According to the data on mining activity at Mining Companies in the country, the research argues that the efficiency of the mining business is realized by labor safety and the improvement of industrial safety. The main issues and risky reasons of labor safety and safety of mining enterprises are outlined. The work conditions of employees and implementation of activities to prevent injuries are analyzed on the basis of the Kumtor Gold Company, as it has the most information in the open access.
Terapia ocupacional en fragilidad: una aproximación bibliográfica
Authors: Santamaría Peláez Mirian , González Bernal Jerónimo
Published: January 2021

El síndrome de fragilidad es una situación de alta prevalencia entre las personas mayores que afecta a todas las esferas de su funcionamiento; además es precursor de numerosos efectos adversos, incluso la dependencia o la muerte; pero, también se trata de una situación que puede ser revertida. La terapia ocupacional, como disciplina que persigue el funcionamiento óptimo de la persona en todas las actividades de su vida diaria, puede realizar intervenciones encaminadas a prevenir o revertir este estado de fragilidad. Se realiza una revisión con el objetivo de conocer la situación de la investigación en fragilidad desde el prisma de la terapia ocupacional. Tras una selección de artículos, se obtienen 9 que cumplen los criterios establecidos. Se concluye que la investigación en este campo es muy escasa aunque los resultados que ofrecen los estudios avalan la eficacia de las intervenciones de terapia ocupacional en personas mayores frágiles.