bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Report on 25 Cases of Post-Irradiated Lesions of the Brachial Nervous Plexus and their Treatment
Authors: Ricci Sante Basso , Ventafridda Vittorio , Zanolla Rita , Cassani Lia , Spreafico Roberto
Published: April 2018

A study was carried out on a series of 25 patients who were operated on for breast cancer and who submitted to postoperative radiotherapy, in which lesions of the brachial nervous plexus from ionizing radiations were obtained. In almost all the cases, 24 out of 25, various symptoms such as paresthesiae, pain, and motorial disturbances, were observed even one year after the completion of the treatment. Motorial troubles, which in 13 cases were not detected at the moment of the diagnosis of the other lesions, always occurred later. Etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of these lesions have been considered, as well as the possibility of lowering the incidence of such troubles. The conclusion can be drawn that useful results can be obtained, to a certain extent, only if therapeutic treatment is performed early: in most cases, however, the lesions showed a progressive evolution.
Serum Alpha Fetal Protein in a Three Year Old Child with Hepatoma
Authors: Shoenfeld Yehuda , Pick Albert I. , Schreibman Sarah , Kessler Helena , Dintzman Moshe
Published: April 2018

A 3 year old child with primary hepatocellular carcinoma and high AFP concentrations is described. Following hemihepatectomy, a sharp decrease and return to normal of serum AFP concentrations indicated the completeness of the surgical procedure. Repeat-normal serum AFP concentrations (less than 19 ng/ml), found during a three year follow-up, correlated well with the absence of clinical, laboratory and x-ray evidence of tumor recurrence. The differential diagnosis of abnormal AFP concentrations in childhood is discussed, and the importance of the AFP assay in the follow-up of post-hemihepatectomy patients for the assessment of the completeness of the surgical procedure, the prognosis, and the early detection of tumor recurrence is stressed.
Effects of Antiblastic Drugs on Hemopoietic Stem Cells after Erythropoietic activation
Authors: Bogliolo Giuseppe , Saviane Alberto , Massa Giulio , Ghio Riccardo , Bianchi Giovanna , Pannacciulli Ivo
Published: April 2018

The effects of cyclophosphamide, vinblastine and azathioprine on spleen and bone marrow hemopoietic stem cells (assayed as CFU-S, CFU-C and CFU-E) during an early phase of erythropoietic response to bleeding have been measured. Differences of effect seem to be mainly related to the number of progenitor cells present at the time of drug administration.
Histopathology of Carcinomas of the Liver in Mice Ingesting Dieldrin or Aldrin
Authors: Reuber Melvin D.
Published: April 2018

C3HeB/Fe male and female mice, ingesting 10 ppm of the pesticides dieldrin or aldrin in the diet, developed highly significant incidences of carcinomas of the liver. The carcinomas varied from well differentiated to poorly differentiated and undifferentiated and were capable of metastasis.
A Case of Cavernous Haemangioma of the Spleen
Authors: Bevilacqua Generoso , Toni Giuseppina , Tuoni Mario
Published: April 2018

The clinical and pathological data of a case of cavernous haemangioma of the spleen are reported. The diagnostic value of scanning in the present case is discussed.
Incidence, Growth and Antigenicity of Fibrosarcomas Induced by Teflon Disc in Mice
Authors: Ménard Sylvie , Porta Giuseppe Della
Published: April 2018

Subcutaneous sarcomas were induced in BALB/c, C3Hf Dp, and C57BL/He female mice by implantation of a Teflon disc or by injection of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The incidence of DMBA tumors was homogeneously high (60–86 %) in the 3 strains, and the latency varied from 16 to 26 weeks from treatment. Teflon-induced tumors developed, in the BALB/c, C3Hf/Dp, C57BL/He mice, in 44, 94, and 30 %, with a mean latency of 78, 61, and 82 weeks respectively. Evaluation of the growing capacity of 4 DMBA-induced and 14 Teflon-induced fibrosarcomas at the first and second transplant passage showed that Teflon tumors grew faster and needed a smaller cell dose to take than the DMBA tumors. Transplantation type antigens were detected only on the chemically induced tumors. Cross-reacting antigens were detected on 3 of the 5 Teflon-induced tumors by an in vitro assay for cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Activity and Intracellular Localization of Lysosomal Acid Phosphatase in Lymphocytes from Patients with Hodgkin's Disease, Plasma Cell Myeloma and Primary Polycythemia
Authors: Lisiewicz Jerzy , Astaldi Giovanni
Published: April 2018

Using the cytochemical method after Barka and Anderson, activity and localization of lysosomal acid phosphatase (AP) was determined in peripheral-blood lymphocytes from 20 healthy subjects, 10 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), 10 patients with plasma cell myeloma (PCM), and 10 patients with primary polycythemia (PP). Total count of AP-positive lymphocytes was lowest in the patients with HD. Moreover, they showed a significant decrease of the absolute count of lymphocytes with well formed and more numerous AP-positive lysosomal granules. Analogous alterations in lymphocytes from patiens with PCM and those with PP were much less significant. The authors discuss the importance of the above-mentioned observations for evaluation on a cellular basis of lowered immunity of patients with lympho-proliferative and myelo-proliferative disorders, with special regard to AP as a T-cell marker.
Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland, adenoma of the Adrenal Cortex and Peptic Ulcer: An Unreported Association
Authors: Casula Giuseppe , Angioy Felicita , Sirigu Paola , Sirigu Franco
Published: April 2018

A 39-year-old man, operated on for duodenal ulcer, was found to have a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, an aldosterone-producing adenoma of the adrenal cortex, and a recurrence of a peptic ulcer. The probable coincidental occurrence of these diseases in this patient is suggested. Nevertheless, careful investigation of the other endocrine glands in patients with endocrine tumors is recommended.
Biochemical and Cytochemical Effects of Cytosine Arabinoside (ARA C) and Hydrocortisone on hela cells
Authors: D'Ancona Silvia , Adami Paolo , Poltronieri Roberto , Barberio Maria Teresa , Rizzotti Paolo
Published: April 2018

The biochemical and cytochemical effects of cytosine arabinoside (Ara C) and of hydrocortisone on HeLa cells in vitro have been studied. In cultures treated with Ara C, a relationship exists between the cytocidal effects of the drug and an increase in alkaline phosphatase. Although hydrocortisone had no influence on the proliferative rhythm, it induced an increase in alkaline phosphatase. Results obtained with the cytochemical technique were evaluated, particularly in relation to enzyme localization.
Phase i Trial with Peptichemio
Authors: Israel Lucien , Kohn Maurice , Depierre Alain , Aguilera Jacques
Published: April 2018

Thirty-two patients with tumor progression, even after conventional cytostatic drug treatment, were treated with peptichemio, with increasing doses for groups of 4 patients. The maximum tolerated dose (with minimum hematological toxicity and without any other evident toxicity) with repeated administrations, was 1.2 mg/kg twice weekly. The recommended doses for phase II trials are, as shown by the detailed analysis of the results, 0.9 mg/kg, twice weekly and administered alone, and 1.3 mg/kg, once weekly combined with other cytostatic drugs, in 500 ml of infusion fluid, with 25 mg of heparin and 25 mg of hydrocortisone to minimize the frequent risk of local phlebosclerosis.
Clear Cell Carcinoma of Endometrium
Authors: Carinelli Silvestro G. , Senzani Francomaria
Published: April 2018

Three cases of clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium are here reported. Clear cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive type of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Patients are older and are in the menopause much longer than are patients with typical endometrial carcinoma. This fact may reflect the presence of counterbalanced sex hormones in the process of carcinogenesis.
Clinical Data and Estradiol Receptor Evaluation in Breast Cancer Biopsies
Authors: Di Fronzo Giovanni , Bertuzzi Armando , Saccozzi Roberto
Published: April 2018

To determine the correlation between the response to the estradiol receptor test and some fundamental properties of the tumor and the host, a study was conducted on 337 patients. Primary carcinomas, including lobular carcinomas, and recurrences or metastases are characterized by similar frequencies of response to the estradiol receptor test (68% positive, 26% negative and 6% borderline), while normal breast tissue is characterized by a higher frequency of negative results (3% positive, 71% negative and 26% borderline). Postmenopausal patients show a shift of estradiol receptor levels towards higher values with respect to premenopausal patients. Contemporaneously, an increase in estradiol receptor concentrations with patient age is observed. The clinical stage appears to influence estradiol receptor content only in postmenopausal patients, for whom an increase in the tumor size is accompanied by a decrease in the estradiol receptor levels. The apparent association constant of the receptors assumes values ranging from 1.5 to about 300 × 10′ Mr’ and does not appear to be related to either the type of tumor tissue or to the clinical stage of the tumor, age, or menopausal status of the patient.
Pitfalls of Liver Scan in Wilms’ Tumors
Authors: Turrin Alberto
Published: April 2018

Twenty-five patients suffering from nephroblastoma were investigated with a liver scan. The scan results were compared with surgical and pathological findings. This study suggests that different factors (i.e., primary tumor compression, local recurrence and effects of radiotherapy) may determine identical pathological patterns of the scan. Anamnestic information is very important for a correct diagnosis.
In Vitro and in Vivo Selection of two Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Sacchi Ada , Corsi Anna , Caputo Marco , Zupi Gabriella
Published: April 2018

Two tumor cell lines adapted to grow in vitro were originated from an explant of lung metastases of Lewis lung carcinoma. These lines differ in their malignancy when reinoculated into syngeneic animals; nevertheless, they do not show any difference for their in vitro clonogenic ability. From these lines 2 in vivo sublines of 3LL carcinoma were developed. The TD 50 of the 2 in vivo sublines are different, and both the values obtained are lower than that of the original line. These results are interpreted as a selection of more malignant tumor cell lines.
Bone Metastases from Breast Cancer Treated with Calcitonin. Case Report
Authors: Favini Gianni , Arosio Alessandro , Libretti Arnaldo
Published: April 2018

A case of bone metastases from breast cancer is reported. After 6 months of therapy with calcitonin, the skeletal radiological examination showed an evident change in the roentgenographic pattern of a large metastasis of the left femur. A possible relationship between the calcitonin treatment and the radiological change is discussed.
Histologic Subclassification of Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Carbone Antonino
Published: April 2018

Nodular sclerosis (NS) Hodgkin's disease was pathologically subdivided by cellular composition and degree of fibrosis in a series of 49 children admitted to the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan between 1967 and 1977. NS showed lymphocytic predominance (LP) in 26 cases, mixed cellularity (MC) in 16 cases, and lymphocytic depletion (LD) in 7 cases. « Early fibrosis » (EF) and « advanced fibrosis » (AF) subgroups in 28 and 21 cases, respectively, were observed. Of the cases with LP 76.9 % (20/26) presented with stages I and II disease, compared with 37.5 % (6/16) and 28.6 % (2/7) of the MC and LD subgroups, respectively. LP and EF subgroups coexisted in 12 of 28 (42.9 %) patients at stages I and II. Predominance of lymphocytes, rarity of lacunar cells, and a mild degree of fibrosis were associated with early stages of disease. This data confirms that subclassification of NS is feasible.
Induction of Lung Tumors and Lymphomas in BALB/c Mice by Metronidazole
Authors: Cavaliere Antonio , Bacci Mauro , Amorosi Andrea , Del Gaudio Marcello , Vitali Rino
Published: April 2018

Metronidazole, which is widely used in the treatment of «Trichomonas vaginalis», «Entamoeba histolytica» and «Giardia lamblia» infections, was administered to BALB/c mice by stomach tube in an aqueous solution at a dose rate of 2 mg/day for 100 days (total 200 mg) to test its carcinogenicity. The treatment induced a significant increase in lung tumors in male mice (p < 0.001) and provoked the appearance of lymphomas in females (p < 0.001). Although there is insufficient evidence to pass judgement on the potential carcinogenicity of metronidazole in man, the results of this and other investigations reported in the literature have demonstrated that metronidazole develops carcinogenic activity in rats and mice.
Different Susceptibility of BALB/Mo and BALB/c Mice to Cytogenetic Damage Induced by Urethan
Authors: Aldovini Anna , Ronchese Franca
Published: April 2018

The urethan-induced clastogenic effect in BALB/Mo mice carrying the Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) as an endogenous retrovirus was evaluated by short-term micronucleus assay on bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE). A single urethan injection in 3 dose levels brought the incidence of micronucleated PCE far above baseline values when scoring was performed 24 h after treatment; this increase was higher in BALB/Mo than in M-MuLV-free BALB/c mice. In a second experiment, micronucleated PCE incidence was determined as a function of the time interval after a single injection of 1 mg urethan/g of body weight. Higher values of micronucleated PCE were scored in BALB/Mo than in BALB/c mice; statistically significant differences were found at 24 and 48 h after treatment.
Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Parotid Masses
Authors: Bono Aldo , Chiesa Fausto , Sala Luigi , Azzarelli Alberto , Pilotti Silvana , Di Pietro Sergio
Published: April 2018

Seventy-nine cases of parotid masses were punctured by fine needle for cytologic examination and subsequently operated on. Of the material obtained, conventional smears, as well as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded histologic sections were prepared. The two procedures detected 16 malignant tumors and 63 nonmalignant lesions, with a high sensitivity (86%) and absolute specificity (100%). These data confirm the validity of this combined method and favor the complementary use of the two procedures, which improves the accuracy (80%) of preoperative diagnosis and histologic typing of parotid tumors.
A New Multiparametric Classification in Lung Cancer Patients - S.M.I.G.
Authors: Modini Claudio , Albertucci Mario , Cicconetti Franco , Danesi Donatella Tirindelli , Cristiani Renzo , Botti Claudio , Lasagni Roberto Pasquali , Stipa Sergio
Published: April 2018

The classification of bronchogenic carcinoma as a function of the prognosis is still an open field. The evaluation of stage, by use of the TNM system, and histologic cell type is not sufficient to guarantee a correct prognosis. The growth rate of the neoplasm is another important parameter. We propose a classification that takes into account the stage (S), histologic cell type (M), immune status (I) and the growth rate of the primary tumor (G): S.M.I.G. We studied 90 lung cancer patients according to the S.M.I.G. classification and we observed that their prognoses were directly correlated with their S.M.I.G. scores (the higher the score, the higher the 10-month mortality rate). The mortality rates within the first 10 months of follow-up were respectively 0%, 0%, 36.36%, 68%, 90.9% for the 5 groups obtained by S.M.I.G. The difference is statistically significant (P < 0.0075) and there is a linear correlation between the mortality rate and the score assigned to each group (R = 0.943; P < 0.05). The S.M.I.G. classification can predict the prognosis more efficiently than the usual classification (TNM) and histological cell type.
Carcinogenicity and Cocarcinogenicity Test of Phenobarbital Sodium in Adult BALB/c Mice
Authors: Cavaliere Antonio , Bufalari Andrea , Vitali Rino
Published: April 2018

The carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic action of phenobarbital sodium was investigated in adult BALB/c mice of both sexes when administered alone at a concentration of 0.05 % in drinking water for life or after the animals had been treated with a single hydrazine sulphate dose of 5.65 mg. The results demonstrated that phenobarbital sodium is not carcinogenic in this strain of mice, but, since a single dose of hydrazine sulphate was carcinogenic, does not clarify whether it is a cocarcinogen in the lung.
Cancer Mortality in Broad Italian Geographical Areas, 1975-1977
Authors: Mezzanotte Guerrino , Cislaghi Cesare , Decarli Adriano , La Vecchia Carlo
Published: April 2018

Death certification rates from various cancers or groups of cancers in broad Italian geographical areas (North/Center/South) over the period 1975-1977 were analyzed. In both sexes, there was a clear North/South gradient, with considerably higher rates in the North for total cancer mortality as well as for most common neoplasms. The geographical variation was more marked in males (North/South ratio for total cancer mortality = 1.75 at all ages and 1.70 truncated 35-64 years) than in females (ratio = 1.48 at all ages and 1.28 truncated 35-64). Although, in general terms, the present results confirm previous analyses of cancer mortality in Italy, a few interesting tendencies should be noted. First, the geographical differences in the mid-late 1970's were much more marked for tobacco-related cancers (a factor of over two in males in the North/South ratio) than for other chiefly epithelial carcinomas or nonepithelial cancers. In general, variations for nontobacco-related cancers tended to level off over more recent calendar periods. However, there was little tendency towards decreasing differences in gastric cancer mortality (which was markedly elevated in the North and Center), at least in males. During the 1970's death certification rates from cancer of the (cervix) uteri decreased in northern and central more than in southern Italy. This pattern of trends may have been influenced by a different impact of cervical screening in various areas of the country.
Hairy Cell Leukemia: Preliminary Results with Alpha2 (r) Interferon
Authors: Mandelli Franco , Annino Luciana , Cafolla Arturo , De Rossi Giulio , Bianco Paolo , Fontana Luigi , Dianzani Ferdinando
Published: April 2018

Ten patients with hairy cell leukemia are being treated at our institution with a therapeutic schedule of α2(r) interferon (2 × 106 IU/m2 s.c. three times per week). Five patients underwent splenectomy from 4 to 108 months before treatment; nonsplenectomized patients had spleens palpable 6 to 12 cm UCM. According to Quesada's response criteria, at the sixth month of therapy, one patient was considered a complete responder, 8 partial responders and one a minor responder, with no differences between splenectomized and nonsplenectomized patients. In nonsplenectomized patients the spleen returned to normal. Our data confirm that interferon, even at low dosages, is a very effective approach for hairy cell leukemia. No evidence was found to contraindicate such therapy.
Cardiac Arrhythmia: Possible Complication from Treatment with Cisplatin
Authors: Canobbio Luciano , Fassio Tiziana , Gasparini Giampietro , Caruso Giuseppe , Barzan Luigi , Comoretto Roberto , Brema Fulvio , Villani Fabrizio
Published: April 2018

Cardiotoxicity is rarely observed during cisplatin chemotherapy. A possible synergistic toxic effect of cisplatin with etoposide on cardiac electrical activity is discussed. A case of a 60-year-old woman with squamous cell lung carcinoma who developed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during cisplatin chemotherapy is reported. The potential cardiotoxicity should be considered when cisplatin is combined with other cardiotoxic agents or used in patients with cardiac disease.
Renal Cell Carcinoma and Transitional Cell Carcinomas of the Pelvis and Bladder in a Patient Affected by Chronic Renal Failure Due to Abuse of Phenacetin
Authors: Campo Biagio , Zanitzer Livio , Torelli Tullio , Bacchioni Antonio M. , Ferrari Carlo , Ordesi Giorgio , Macchi Roberto M.
Published: April 2018

This is a report on a case of 2 concurrent neoplasms of different histology within the same kidney: a renal cell carcinoma and a transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a patient affected by chronic renal failure due to abuse of phenacetin. There was also a transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
«4S» Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Binding Protein. Its Role as a Benzo(a) Pyrene Cytosolic Carrier to the Microsomes of DBA/2N Mouse Liver
Authors: Masucci Maria Teresa , Masi Carlo , Martini Elisa , Maiello Ciro , Papaleo Giuseppe , Sica Vincenzo
Published: April 2018

Rodent liver cytosol and other biological systems contain two proteins that bind polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a non covalent manner and that sediment at a different rate when centrifuged on sucrose gradient. The role of the smaller protein (« 4S » PAH-BP) was studied. When DBA/2N mouse liver homogenate was incubated with 3H-BaP, most of the radioactivity was found in the microsomal subcellular fraction. The cytosol binding activity apparently decreased but reincubation of the cytosol with the radioactive ligand completely restored « 4S » PAH-BP activity. The microsomal uptake of 3H-BaP can be studied in a reconstituted system in which microsomes are incubated with radioactive benzo(a)pyrene in the presence of crude cytosol. In these conditions the microsomal uptake rate of 3H-BaP increased with the temperature and at 37 °C ten minutes were required to reach the plateau. When cytosol was substituted by HEDG buffer, the amount of radioactivity found in the microsomes decreased drastically. 0.2 μM was the benzo(a)pyrene concentration required to saturate the microsomes. When microsomes were incubated with ammonium sulfate cytosolic fractions or with homogeneously purified « 4S » PAH-BP, the 3H-BaP uptake was restored and reached the maximum with 3 μg/ml of purified protein. The radioactive benzo(a)pyrene bound to microsomes was oxidated in the presence of NADPH regenerating system. The oxidated products were discharged from microsomes only when « 4S » PAH-BP was either present during the incubation or added at its end. Thus, this protein is able to transfer benzo(a)pyrene to the microsomal metabolization sites and to facilitate the release of oxidized products and, presumably, bind them.
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Barbareschi Mattia , Mariscotti Cesare , Barberis Massimo , Frigo Barbara , Mosca Leonardo
Published: April 2018

Large cell neuroendocrine (LCNE) carcinomas of the lung are a newly recognized, highly aggressive and frequently misdiagnosed entity. We report a case of stage I LCNE lung carcinoma initially misdiagnosed as large cell undifferentiated carcinoma or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The tumor was very extensively necrotic and its neuroendocrine differentiation was only demonstrable with immunohistochemical staining with PHE-5 monoclonal antibody and with antisera against synaptophysin and calcitonin. ACTH, somatostatin and neurofilaments were not demonstrable. The clinical course was ominous and the patient died within 17 months. The reason for this rapid fatal outcome could be ascribed either to the neuroendocrine phenotype of the tumor, or to the extensive necrosis, or both.
An Attempt to Increase Compliance to Cervical Cancer Screening through General Practitioners
Authors: Cecchini Silvia , Grazzini Grazia , Bartoli Dusca , Falvo Ines , Ciatto Stefano
Published: April 2018

The authors report the results of a campaign aimed at increasing compliance to cervical cancer screening by promoting general practitioners’ (GPs) cooperation. Different types of intervention were tested, namely mailing lists of non responders to the GP, visiting the GP at the office, or both. No active intervention was made in a sample of GPs who served as a control group. Overall 288 GPs assisting 75,853 women aged 25 to 59 were enrolled in the study. Compliance before and after the campaign was studied and the association between compliance and different variables such as age, residence and type of intervention was tested by univariate and multivariate analysis. The proportion of previous non responders who performed a Pap test after the campaign was 6.7 %, the response being dependent on age (25-29 = 11.5 %, 30-39 = 8.8 %, 40-49 = 6.5 %, 50-59 = 4.2 %) and place of residence (urban = 7.2 %, suburban = 5.9 %, rural = 4.0 %). Compliance was better in the case of the active campaign (list mailing = 8.3 %, visit = 7.0 %, list+visit = 7.2 %) with respect to controls (2.9 %) although no significant differences were detected between different types of active intervention. Compliance to cervical cancer screening may be increased by promoting GPs cooperation but the benefit is limited. Mailing lists of non responders was found the most cost effective policy in this study.
Comparison of Home and Hospital Care of Advanced Cancer Patients
Authors: Ventafridda Vittorio , De Conno Franco , Viganò Antonio , Ripamonti Carla , Gallucci Michele , Gamba Alessio
Published: April 2018

Treatment and care of terminal cancer patients are conducted in different ways, according to the cultural, social, political and economical situations of the countries which have progressively adopted and developed them. In Italy there are no specialized structures such as « hospices » or the « palliative care units » like in the Anglo-Saxon world: the care of terminal cancer patients is carried out either in a general hospital or at their own home. In Milan and elsewhere there are home care teams in which doctors, nurses, social workers and volunteers, all work in connection with hospital structures. In this way, patients can receive specialized care for physical, psycological and social problems at home too. To evaluate costs and effectiveness of this program, a comparison was made between the home care and the conventional treatment carried out in general hospitals. Two groups of thirty terminal cancer patients have been studied: the first group was composed of hospital patients in Desio and the second one included patients cared for by the home care service organized by the Floriani Foundation and the Italian League against Cancer (Milan Section). We evaluated intensity and duration of pain, hours of sleep and hours of standing, sitting and lying, presence of side-effects, performance status and therapies. Data were also collected on the quality of life (Spitzer QLI), social and economical needs of the patients, type and quality of care, degree of awareness of the diagnosis by the patient and the family. This data were collected by the nurse who looked after the patient. Care costs were also quantified. The comparison between the two groups significantly favours the home care group as shown by the performance status after 2 weeks of care, the « health scale » and the Total Index of the Spitzer QLI and in general the greater satisfaction of the care received. Home care produces results equivalent to those achieved in hospitals as far as clinical parameters are concerned. An approximate quantification of the costs shows that an average cost for a day's home care was about Lit. 52,500 as compared with Lit. 360,000 for a day's hospitalization.
Outpatient Surgical Treatment with Co2 Laser in Oral Cancer: Immediate and Long-Term Results
Authors: Tradati Nicoletta , Zurrida Stefano , Bartoli Cesare , Boracchi Patrizia , Sala Luigi , Contardi Nicola , Rossi Nicoletta , Chiesa Fausto
Published: April 2018

The immediate and long-term results of excising squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or lip by CO, laser are analysed in 51 consecutive subjects treated as out-patients. From January 1982 to December 1989, 39 cases of T1 and 12 cases of small (< 2.5 cm) non-infiltrating recurrences of squamous cell carcinoma were treated at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori in Milan. Complete removal was obtained in 44 instances, while in 7 cases cancerous margins were observed on the specimen; 5 of these underwent another wider treatment and 2 refused further therapy. Two of 39 T1 patients developed local relapses and 6/12 recurrent cancers relapsed again. Long term results are complicated by second primary cancers in 19 instances. Out-patient laser therapy is well accepted by patients and its use involves lowered direct and indirect health organisation and social costs.
Solitary Metastasis to Pubic Bone from Germ Cell Tumor of the Testis: A Case Report
Authors: Kulkarni Jagdeesh N. , Kamat Murali R.
Published: April 2018

A rare case of solitary pubic bone metastasis from nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis is reported and the relevant literature is reviewed.
A Hospital Survey of Hypocalcemia and Hypophosphatemia in Malignancy
Authors: D'erasmo Emilio , Acca Marco , Celi Francesco Saverio , Minisola Salvatore , Spagna Gaetano , Aliberti Giuseppe , Mazzuoli Gianfranco
Published: April 2018

We evaluated the incidence of hypo- versus hypercalcemia and hypo- versus hyperphosphatemia in a survey of 158 patients with malignancy; 55/158 had bone metastases. When serum calcium levels were corrected for albuminemia, the incidence of hypo- and hypercalcemia was respectively 10.8% and 10.1 %. Hypophosphatemia was found in 29.7% patients, hyperphosphatemia in 2.5 %. The incidence was slightly different in presence of bone metastases. Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia prevailed In osteoblastic metastases and hypercalcemia in osteolytic metastases. The incidence of hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia in malignancy was therefore surprisingly high, even apart from the presence of bone metastases. Both hypo- and hypercalcemia were associated with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Moreover, a calcium-phosphorus product reduction was observed in osteoblastic metastases, suggesting a condition of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Response of Primary Breast Cancer to Tamoxifen Alone in Elderly Women
Authors: Ciatto Stefano , Bartoli Dusca , Iossa Anna , Grazzini Grazia , Cirillo Anna
Published: April 2018

The authors report on a consecutive series of 62 evaluable, elderly (age > 69 years) women with primary operable breast cancer treated only with tamoxifen. The treatment schedule was 160 mg on day 1 followed by a daily maintenance dose of 20 mg. Compliance to treatment was excellent, and subjective side effects were minimal. The best response achieved after at least 6 months of treatment was complete in 7, partial in 22 and minor in 3, whereas stable disease or progression was observed in 28 and 2 patients, respectively. The response rate decreased and progressions increased with time. At 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months of treatment, the complete + partial response rates were 30.6 %, 45 %, 45.6 %, 38.7 % and 25% and the progressive disease rates 4.8%, 19.6%, 34.8%, 45.2 % and 66.6 %, respectively. These results do not confirm some previous reports of a high response to tamoxifen. This difference is only partially explained by the use of mammography, which is more sensitive than palpation, to assess tumor size and treatment response. The present study does not support primary hormone therapy as a current alternative to surgery, which should be the standard treatment in otherwise healthy elderly patients with operable breast cancer.
Inflammatory Component: A Worsening Factor in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Treated by Radiotherapy and Systemic Therapy
Authors: Guedea Fernando , Biete Albert , Ojeda Belen , Alonso Carmen , Craven-Bartle Jordi
Published: April 2018

Locally advanced and inflammatory carcinomas of the breast are two distinct entities with clear differential clinical criteria. We described a particular type of locally advanced breast cancer which, during its evolution, developed inflammatory characteristics limited to a small area of the skin. It, therefore, did not meet the common diagnostic criteria of inflammatory carcinoma. In our series, studied from December 1977 to January 1987, we treated 59 cases of locally advanced breast cancer and 105 cases of locally advanced breast cancer with an inflammatory component. The actuarial overall survival was 53.3 % at 5 years and 38.4 % at 7 years. Differences were observed when the two tumor types were compared. Specifically, locally advanced breast cancer with an inflammatory component had a worse prognosis, poorer survival and poorer disease-free rates than locally advanced breast cancer.
Interstitial Brachytherapy for Carcinomas of the Lower Lip. Results of Treatment
Authors: Orecchia Roberto , Rampino Monica , Gribaudo Sergio , Negri Gian Luigi
Published: April 2018

From 1973 to 1988 47 patients with previously untreated T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinomas of the lower lip received a definitive course of interstitial brachytherapy by iridium 192 wires. The disease stage was T1 in 21 cases (44.7 %) and T2 in 26, and NO in all cases except 2 of N1. Radiation therapy dose ranged between 6000 and 8000 cGy. Local control was obtained in 44 patients (93.6 %). Treatment failure in the neck was observed in 3 patients (6.7 %) The 5- and 10-year actuarial disease-free survival rates were 92% and 85%, respectively. A surgical salvage was attempted in 3 patients, with postoperative definitive control of the disease in 2. The 10-year actuarial overall survival was 95 %. The incidence of complications was acceptable (10.6% of mucosal necrosis). An excellent or good cosmetic result was obtained in 91.7% of patients.
Bilateral Breast Involvement in A 71-Year-Old White Man with Lambda Light Chain Disease. Regression after A new Chemotherapy Combination. A Case Report
Authors: Lombardi Carlo , Calvi Antonella , Bonera Ernesto , Savio Antonella , Savio Emilio
Published: April 2018

A rare case of lambda light chain disease with bilateral breast involvement is described. A complete regression after a new chemotherapy combination (peptichemio + teniposide + dexa-methasone) was obtained. A previous treatment with prednisone + melphalan was ineffective.
Primary Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Liver. A Case Report
Authors: Di Palma Silvana , Andreola Salvatore , Audisio Riccardo A. , Doci Roberto , Lombardi Luciano
Published: April 2018

The authors report a case of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the liver in a 66-year-old woman. Electron microscopy findings suggest an origin from the biliary epithelium as well as cholangiocarcinoma, which clinical and prognostic features are similar to those of mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
Different Assays for Her-2/neu Evaluation in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tommasi Stefania , Paradiso Angelo , Serio Gabriella , Barletta Anna , Mangia Anita , Giannella Caterina , De Lena Mario
Published: April 2018

To evaluate different methodologic approaches for HER-2/neu analysis, we performed Southern, Northern, Western blot and histochemical assay on 112 samples from 86 primary tumors and 26 synchronous axillary metastatic lymph nodes of patients affected by operable breast cancer. Simultaneous statistical analysis of data obtained with the four methods (31 samples) showed that Western blot detected a higher percentage of alterations than the other assays (Cochran and Victor tests, 0.01 < p < 0.05). The same result was emphasized by pair analysis (McNemar, p < 0.05), which evaluated the assay data two by two. Immunohistochemical evaluations were more in accord with immunoprecipitation data when performed on frozen or Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues than on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.
Phase II Study with Lonidamine in the Treatment of Hormone-Refractory Prostatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Boccardo Francesco , Guarneri Domenico , Pace Maurizio , Decensi Andrea , Oneto Francesco , Martorana Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

Twenty-one patients with metastatic prostate cancer who had become refractory to hormonal therapies received lonidamine (150 mg tid and 600 mg daily dose in 17 and 4 patients, respectively). In all but 4 patients, treatment was continued until disease progression or the development of severe toxicity. Toxicity was minimal and reversible (score 1 or 2) and included myalgia (8 cases), arthralgia (6 cases), gastrointestinal toxicity (11 cases), fatigue (14 cases) and testicular pain (9 cases). The response was evaluated after at least one month of therapy with lonidamine, according to NPCP-USA recommendations. Of 21 patients who entered the study, only 15 were evaluable for response; 2 died (1 for severe toxicity and 1 for drug-unrelated reasons). No objective response was obtained in the series. In fact, only 6 patients achieved stable disease and 9 progressed. Median survival time from the beginning of treatment was no longer than that of patients in a similar condition who were treated with standard palliative maneuvers. We conclude that this therapeutic approach with lonidamine is not active in hormone-refractory prostatic cancer patients with distant metastasis.
Bone Marrow Histopathology and Prognosis in Malignant Lymphomas
Authors: Navone Roberto , Pich Achille , Fiammotto Mauro , Magnani Corrado
Published: April 2018

Bone marrow trephine biopsies of patients with non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (ML), followed for at least 4 years, were investigated using univariate and mutivariate survival analyses to detect which anagraphic data and histomorphologic medullary patterns before therapy were related to the prognosis. In 234 ML (146 low grade, 88 high grade), univariate analysis showed that survival was reduced by bone marrow involvement, absence of reactive lymphoid nodules, and low marrow cellularity. Moreover, in low-grade ML, patients 50 years or older and showing absence of myeloid hyperplasia, excess of hemosiderin and mast cell hyperplasia had significantly lower-survival rates. The prognostic relevance of these parameters did not change when cases without marrow involvement were separately analyzed. Multivariate analysis showed that, besides marrow involvement, age and myeloid hyperplasia had significant prognostic importance in low-grade ML, and lymphoid nodules in high-grade ML. Our data confirm the value of bone marrow histopathology in ML and indicate that the prognosis is related not only to medullary involvement but also to the morphology of the uninvolved marrow.
Mixed Signet-Ring and Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder. Report of a Case
Authors: Lopez Jose I. , Angulo Javier C.
Published: April 2018

A case of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder displaying prominent signet-ring cell features is reported. Despite combined therapy, the patient died within a few months of the diagnosis, thus confirming the poor prognosis of this tumor. We understand this entity could be considered as an example of neoplastic-associated metaplasia and therefore propose that it should be distinguished from genuine adenocarcinoma.
Dietary Habits, Internal Migration and Social Class in a Sample of a Northern Italian Population
Authors: Vineis Paolo , Faggiano Fabrizio , Riboli Elio , Berrino Franco , Pisani Paola , Crosignani Paolo
Published: April 2018

The study of migrants has generated interesting hypotheses on the etiology of different types of cancer. In particular, it has been suggested that both colon and breast cancer could be related to living conditions, including diet, in the country of immigration. Considerable internal migration occurred in Italy in the sixties. We studied a random sample of 1,400 subjects living in the city of Torino and the province of Varese. They were interviewed with a detailed questionnaire about their dietary habits, and the consumption of several nutrients was considered according to the area of birth and social class. The hypothesis we tested was whether, after controlling for social class, there were different dietary habits among the migrants and the native population, and whether such differences could help in the formulation of etiologic hypotheses on cancer. We found that the intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol was lower among the migrants from the south, whereas they consumed higher levels of vegetables than people born in the north. The different intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol seemed to be attributable mainly to the consumption of butter, for which the south/north ratio was as low as 0.47 in men and 0.56 in women. Important gradients by social class were also suggested for several nutrients.
Hyperthermia in Clinical Practice: Preliminary Results and Current Problems in the Treatment of 21 Patients
Authors: Arcicasa Mauro , Franchin Giovanni , Bassignano Gabriella , Sartor Giovanna , Drigo Annalisa , Bortolus Roberto , Roncadin Mario , De Paoli Antonino , Trovò Mauro G.
Published: April 2018

From February 1988 through February 1991, 21 patients were managed by superficial hyperthermia and radiotherapy. Nineteen patients had received previous treatment; the most common histology was breast carcinoma. Twenty-six cycles of combined hyperthermia and radiotherapy were delivered: 4 complete responses (15.4 %), 17 partial responses (65.4 %), 1 minimal partial response (3.8 %), 3 stable diseases (11.6 %) and 1 disease progression (3.8 %) were obtained. The median duration of response was 7 months (range 1-16) for responding and 4 months (range 2.5-4) for non-responding patients. The toxicity encountered (confined mostly to epithelitis –- 7/21 patients) was completely reversible. In our experience, hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy proved to be an effective treatment. However, some problem that emerged during treatment planning and delivery showed the need for further development and research into hyperthermic devices and thermometry systems.
Unfavorable Experience with Hypofractionated Radiotherapy in Unresectable Lung Cancer
Authors: Pirtoli Luigi , Bindi Mirco , Bellezza Antonio , Pepi Fiorella , Tucci Enrico
Published: April 2018

The use of a reduced number of large-sized fractions in radiotherapy (hypofractionation) is usually associated with poor therapeutic results and severe adverse effects, in accord with radiobiologic concepts. However by some authors unresectable lung cancer patients have been treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy with the main aim of « convenience ». Result and damage rates are reported to be comparable to those of conventional treatment. In our experience, based on palliative irradiation of 86 advanced-stage, nonmicrocytoma patients, objective remission rates, subjective and performance status improvement, and survival overall were as poor as could be expected in this kind of presentation, with no striking impact of this treatment modality. Severe adverse effects were shown by a large proportion of cases involving skin and soft tissues of the chest wall (40 %) and lungs (55.5 %). The incidence of severe damage was in agreement with BED (biologic effective dose) values, differently from other experiences of radiotherapeutic management of advanced lung cancer with large fractions.
Favorable Response of Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma to Etoposide, Adriamycin and Cisplatin (EAP) Chemotherapy. Report of two Cases
Authors: Berruti Alfredo , Terzolo Massimo , Paccotti Piero , Veglio Franco , Pia Anna , Dogliotti Luigi , Angeli Alberto
Published: April 2018

The usefulness of non-specific chemotherapy for advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) Is controversial. We report on 2 young female patients (25 and 19 yr) who presented with a clinical picture of Cushing's syndrome due to histologically confirmed ACC. The first patient underwent radical surgery, but after a disease-free interval of 6 months a local recurrence was apparent. She was reoperated and treated with 6 courses of cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy. Mitotane (8 g daily) was begun, but 2 months later debulking surgery was again performed. A second-line chemotherapy with the etoposide, adriamycin, cisplatin (EAP) scheme attained a partial remission lasting 7 months, then metastatic spread to the brain led to death of the patient. The survival time was 30 months. The second patient underwent radical surgery and adjuvant mitotane (4 g daily), but multiple lung and mediastinal metastases were diagnosed after an interval of 29 months. Chemotherapy with the EAP regimen (6 courses) without interrupting mitotane attained a partial remission lasting 21+ months. We suggest that the EAP scheme is active in advanced ACC and that Its association with mitotane is feasible.
Acute Myelocytic Leukemia and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Simultaneously with Resectable Breast Cancer: A Report of two Cases
Authors: Cavanna Luigi , Vallisa Daniele , Di Stasi Michele , Fornari Fabio , Buscarini Elisabetta , Schena Claudio , Civardi Giuseppe , Sbolli Giorgio , Berte Raffaella , Buscarini Luigi
Published: April 2018

This report describes 2 patients who developed acute myelocytic leukemie (AML) type M2 and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) of the FAB classification, respectively 2 months and 2 weeks after diagnosis of operable breast cancer. The patient with AML showed pancytopenia 2 months before the diagnosis of AML, had a normal karyotype, and showed a good response to chemotherapy. The patient with CMML had a normal karyotype, and she was treated with hydroxyurea and supportive therapy. The 2 patients had no previous exposure to irradiation or cytotoxic therapy. These cases show that breast cancer and either leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome may be associated even without previous irradiation or combination chemotherapy.
Descriptive Epidemiology of Stomach Cancer in Ragusa, Sicily, 1981–1988
Authors: Gafà Lorenzo , Amendola Pasquale , Lanzarone Fabio , Dardanoni Gabriella
Published: April 2018

An epidemiologic study was carried out on 475 incident cases of gastric cancer registered by the Ragusa Cancer Registry (Sicily) between 1981 and 1988. Distribution by sex, age, subsite, year of incidence, and survival was investigated. A reduction of incidence and mortality between 1981–84 and 1985–88 was observed in both sexes, and was more evident in males than in females. Survival was not significantly different for cancers of the various subsites.
Surgical and Adjuvant Radiation Therapy of Resectable Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Adults
Authors: Testolin Alessandro , Pozza Franco , Dal Fior Sandro , Bolzicco Gian Paolo , Panizzoni Gino Antonio , Gasparini Giampietro
Published: April 2018

Primary soft tissue sarcoma of the retroperitoneum is a rare disease. A series of 11 evaluable adult patients with retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas is reported. These patients were treated with complete surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy (total dose from 50 to 64 Gy) using an 18 MeV linear accelerator. After a median follow-up of 48 months (range, 6-84), 4 patients had a local-regional recurrence, 3 had distant metastases, and 4 died of progressive disease. Four-year estimated disease-free survival was 54.5% and overall survival was 70%. Treatment was well tolerated by most patients: 7 patients experienced moderate gastrointestinal toxicity, mainly nausea and diarrhea, during radiotherapy; 2 cases had weight loss > 15% at the end of the therapy; and chronic ileitis was observed in 2 cases. We conclude that adjuvant radiotherapy seems to reduce the incidence of local-regional recurrences in these patients. No radiation-induced irreversible injury was observed, but one young woman had amenorrhea after radiotherapy. Controlled clinical trials are warrented to define the role and effiectiveness of adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy in retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas.