bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of sowing and fertilizer requirement of barley (Hordeum vulgare) under irrigated condition
Authors: A.M. PATEL  , D.R. PATEL  , G.A. PATEL  , D.M.THAKOR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out at Wheat Research Station, Gujarat Agricultural University, Vijapur, during the winter seasons of 1996-97, 1997-98 and 1998-99, to find out the appropriate sowing time (15, 30 November and 15 December), nitrogen (60, 80 and 100 kglha) and phosphorus (0, 20 and 40 kglha) requirement of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Sowing time and fertilizer levels positively influenced the productivity. Timely sown, i.e. 15 and 30 November, crop resulted in significantly better grain and straw yields than the late-sown (1 5 December). Ni- trogen 100 kglha, being at par with 80 kglha, was superior to 60 kglha in respect of grain and straw yields. Among the phosphorus levels, higher grain yield achieved under 40 kg P,O$ha over the lower levels. Significantly higher N and P uptake was recorded in 15 November sown crop. Application of N 80 kglha and P 40 kglha also recorded significant values for nutrient uptake. Sowing of barley during the second fortnight of November and nourished with 80 kg N/ha and 40 kg P/ha fetched better profit.
Effect of moisture conservation and nutrient management practices on growth and yield of pearlmillet (Pennisetum ghucum) under rainfed conditions
Authors: NARENDRA KUMAR  , R.C. GAUTAM
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted for 2 years (2001 and 2002) at Dryland Research Farm Of Indian Agricultural Re search Institute, New Delhi, to evaluate the effect of moisture conservation and nutrient management practices on growth and yield of pearlmillet IPennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. ernend. Stuntz.). Moisture conservation treatments comprised paired row (PR) + legume as mulch and PR + crop residue mulching (wheat straw @ S tonnes/ha) in main plots and nutrient management treatments comprised control, FYM @ 5 tonnes/ha FYM @ 5 tonnes/ha in combination with 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha, FYM @ 5 tonnes/ha + biofertilizer (Azospiri/lum + PSB) and its combina- tion with 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha and recommended dose of N (60 kg N/ha) in subplots were laid out in split-plot design with 3 replications. The total rainfall received during the rainy (kharif) season 2001 and 2002 was 522 mm and 300 mm respectively. During 2002, monsoon was delayed by I month, therefore, pearlmillet seed was sown on 2 August. The yield Of pearlmillet increased significantly due to moisture conservation (mulching) and combined application of FYM, biofertilizer and fertilizer N. The grain yield increased with increase in nitrogen levels. Applica- tion of FYM and FYM + biofertilizer also resulted significantly higher yield over the conrol. The seed inoculation with biofertilizer (Azospiri/lum + PS3) resulted an increased grain yield over uninoculated treatment.
Response of sugarcane genotypes to planting season and levels of fertilization in north Bihar
Authors: R.P. VASHISHTHA  , U.P. SINHA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment wa's conducted during the autumn and spring seasons of 1998-2001 on sandy-loam soil of Pusa, to study the performance of 3 sugarcane genotypes ('COP 95011, 'COP 9502' and 'BO 132') at 3 fertility lev- els (75, 100 and 125 % recommended dose of fertilizer), besides during the autumn, mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] was taken as an intercrop. The autumn-planted cane intercropped with mustard produced 58.1 tonnestha cane and 10.0 qlha of mustard and fetched net profit of R s 35,149/ha, whereas spring-planted cane re- corded cane yield of 56.5 tonnestha with net profit of Rs 28, 343tha. Among genotypes, 'BO 132' (61.8 tonnestha) recorded significantly higher cane yield than 'COP 9502' (57.1 tonnestha) and 'COP 9501' (54.1 tonnestha), the later 2 were similar among themselves. Application of 125% RDF gave higher cane yield, than its lower levels.The germination and sucrose (%) in juice were significantly higher in spring and autumn-planted cane respectively.
Weed management in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) and its residual effect on weed and yield of succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: K.A. GOPINATH  , JITENDRA PANDEY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 to study the comparative performance of different weed-control measures for weed control in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) as well as residual effect of treatments (applied to rice) on weeds and yield of wheat. There was severe competition between Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., E. colonum (L.) Link. and rice and be- tween Phalaris minor (Retz.) Pers. and wheat. Unchecked weeds caused 62.6 and 25.4% reduction in grain yield of rice and wheat respectively. Maximum rice yield of 67.09 and 65.45 qlha was recorded with hand-weeding, re- spectively, during both the years. Flufenacet and anilofos were the next best treatments. The residual effect of treatments (applied to rice) was not well pronounced on weed population, weed biomass accumulation and yield of wheat during both the years. Metribuzin showed the most potent direct effect and caused the maximum decrease in weed population and weed biomass accumulation, but had adverse effect on growth and yield of wheat. Hand-weeding resulted in the highest increase in wheat yield followed by sulfosulfuron.
Performance of rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays)-based cropping systems under mid-hills of Mizoram
Authors: K. LAXMINARAYANA  , G.C. MUNDA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2001-2002 at Mizoram Centre, ICAR Research Complex, Kolasib, to assess the productivity and economics of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.)-based crop- ping systems under mid-hill conditions of Mizoram. The highest maize-equivalent yield (60.64 qlha) was ob- tained with maize + groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)-mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] crop se- quence with highest net returns (Rs 1,6476lha) and benefit : cost ratio (2.19). lntercropping legumes with cereals was found to be highly productive and profitable inclusion of groundnut as an intercrop with rice and maize not only enhanced crop yields and highest net returns but also had positive effect on soil fertility build up. Sole crop- ping of maize-mustard was found to be very exhaustive and unremunerative, while inclusion of groundnut as an intercrop was highly stable and profitable.
Carry-over effect of biofertilizers and nitrogen applied to wheat (Triticum aestivum) and direct applied N in maize (Zea mays) in wheat-maize cropping system
Authors: VIRENDRA KUMAR  , I.P.S. AHLAWAT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at New Delhi during the winter and monsoon season of 1997-99 with wheat (Trticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.)-maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system to study the efficacy of 2 biofertilizers [Rhizobacteria (a corn bination of Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella planticola and Bacillus subtilis) and Azotobacter] and N in wheat, and their residual effects on succeeding maize. Both the biofertilizers, being at par, recorded significant increase in grain yield and N uptake of wheat as compared to uninoculated control. Simi- larly, 60 and 120 kg N/ha to wheat resulted in comparable yields but were higher than no N. The N-use efficiency and apparent N recovery were distinctly lower with 120 kg N/ha. Biofertilizer applied to wheat did not cause marked effect on growth and yield attributes, yield, N uptake and N-use parameters in succeeding maize. Nitro- gen applied to preceding wheat @ 120 kg N/ha significantly increased all the growth and yield attributes, grain and stover yields, and N uptake in succeeding maize over no N only. However, this treatment (120 kg N/ha) re- corded the lowest apparent N recovery in maize. Direct applied N to maize significantly increased the growth and yield attributes, grain and stover yields, and N uptake in maize up to 120 kg/ha. Higher level of 120 kg N/ha to maize recorded lower N-use efficiency and apparent N recovery but higher nitrogen harvest index as com- pared to lower level of 60 kg N/ha.
Effect of intercropping lentil (Lens culinaris) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) under varying plant density and row arrangement on productivity and advantages in system under rainfed upland
Authors: R.K. SARKAR  , G.C. MAL KAND P.K. PAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter (rab~) season (October - February) of 2001-2002 at Baruipur, to assess production potential of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) in sole cropping, and in intercropping under additive and replacement series. Six intercrop systems were in additive se- ries with 100% lentil + 25% and 50% linseed each in 3 row ratios of 2 : 1, 3 : 1 and 5 : 1 and the remaining 3 in replacement series where 33, 25 and 17% lentil was replaced by linseed in the intercropping row ratios of 2.1, 3:l and 5:l. Grain yield of lentil and linseed decreased considerably in intercropping, irrespective of their plant density and row arrangement. The extent of reduction was more in additive series than in replacement series and the magnitude of reduction in lentil and linseed was 28 and 24% under additive and 25 and 23% under re- placement series respectively. An intercropping of 100% lentil + 25% linseed in 5 : 1 row ratio gave as high inter- crop lentil yield (1,050 kg/ha) as sole lentil (1,300 kg/ha) with additional yield of linseed (820 kg/ha) and had maximum lentil-equivalent yield (I, 767 kg/ha), net return (Rs 17,632), land-equivalent ratio (1.66), and benefit : cost ratio ( 2.65), and proved the most productive intercrop stand among all the systems.
Influence of preceding season practices and direct application of fertilizer on growth, yield, oil content and oil production of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) ,
Authors: BHARTENDU MISHRA  , GAJENDRA GlRl
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy and winter seasons of 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 at the farm of Division of Agronomy, lndian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The results revealed that fertiliza- tion of maize (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and urbean (Phaseolus mungo L.) increased the seed or grain yield of these crops by 31, 54 and 38% respectively. The fertilizer application to preceding crops also significantly improved growth parameters, yield attributes and seed and oil yields of lndian mustard [Bras- sicajuncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson]. The direct application of N and P to lndian mustard also enhanced the growth and seed and oil yields. On an average, 46, 28 and 11% increase in seed yield was recorded owing to 80 kg N + 40 kg P205 over the control, 40 kg P,05 and 40 kg N + 40 kg P205 respectively. However, oil content of lndian mustard decreased significantly due to fertilization of preceding crops and direct application of N and P to mus- tard crop.
Agrotechniques for multiple ratooning in sugarcane
Authors: DlLlP SINGH  , S.M. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1997-98 to 2000-2001 at Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, to assess the role of various agrotechniqes in yield and quality of ratoon crops. Amongst agrotechniques tested, stubble shaving + trash burning followed by irrigation and cultivation recorded the high- est cane yield (60.62 and 50.90 tonnesfha during I and II ratoon respectively), commercial cane sugar (7.74 and 7.74 tonnesfha), net returns (Rs 53,144fha) and benefit : cost ratio (3.86) compared to least cane yield (46.87 and 34.10 tonnesfha), commercial cane sugar (6.06 and 4.71 tonnesfha, net returns (Rs, 35,588fha) and benefit : ratio (2.74) recorded under the control.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrient uptake and yield of component crops in rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping systems
Authors: C.M. KHANDA  , B.K. MANDAL  , L.M. GARNAYAK
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1999-2001 at Kalyani, West Bengal, to assess the effect of inte- grated nutrient management on nutrient uptake and yield of component crops in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)-sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)-rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.)- sesame-rice and Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cossonl-sesame-rice cropping systems. Yield of sesame and rice in potato-sesame-rice was higher than in wheat-sesame-rice and Indian mustard- sesame-rice cropping system. Residual effect of FYM applied to the winter (rabr) crops persisted even up to the third crop in the sequence, whereas due to composite inoculum of biofertilizer it was almost negligible. Phased application of 50% P to all the crops in the sequence reduced the yield of only sesame and wheat crop com- pared with 100% recommended dose of P applied to only rabi crop. Uptake of N (257 kgtha) and K (335 kgtha) was the highest in potato-sesame-rice and that of P (48.3 kgtha), in wheat-sesame-rice cropping system. Appli- cation of 10 tonnes FYMtha to rabicrops could supplement 25% NPK requirement of all component crops and increased the uptake of N, P and K by the crops. Uptake of N, P and K was improved by composite inoculum of biofertilizers, but was not affected by phased application of P.
Profitable and energy-efficient rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping systems in Northern Telangana of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: K. AVIL KUMAR  , N.V. REDDY  , K. SADASIVA RAO
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jagtial, during rainy (kharif) and winter (rabr) seasons of 1996-97 to 1998-99 on red sandy-loam soils, to find out profitable and energy-efficient rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based cropping sequences among different cropping sequences, viz., rice-maize (Zea mays L.), rice-sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), rice-groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), rice-blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.), rice-greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.), rice-soybean [Glycine m a (L.) Merr.], rice-ln- dian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] and rice-rice. Of the 8 cropping sequences, rice-rice, rice- maize and rice-sunflower cropping sequences gave significantly higher rice-equivalent yield (1 1,616, 11,553 and 10,868 kg/ha respectively) and gross returns (Rs 51,745, 51,464 and 48,2911ha respectively). Though field water supply was higher to rice-rice cropping sequence (2,800 mm), the water-use efficiency was lowest (4.15 kg/mm). Similarly, rice-rice cropping sequence also required higher energy input (75,036 MJIha) but the energy efficiency and energy productivity were lowest (4.2 and 155 g1MJ). However, net returns and benefit : cost ratio were higher with rice-maize (Rs 21,8841ha; 1.74) and rice-sunflower (Rs 21,3211ha; 1.79) cropping sequences. Similarly, these cropping sequences also recorded higher energy-use efficiency (6.4 and 5.1 respectively), en- ergy productivity (227 and 238 g1MJ respectively) and water-use efficiency (7.22 and 7.50 kglmm respectively) and were more sustainable than rice-rice and other rice-based cropping sequences.
Maximization of productivity for soybean (Glycine max)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) system in Kymore Plateau and Satpura Hill Zone of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: VlKAS JAIN  , VINAMRATA JAIN  , S.K. VISHWAKARAMA  , R.S. SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.1-wheat (Trticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori. & Paol.) cropping system for 3 consecutive years during 1999-2000 to 2001-2002 in clay-loam soils of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, with the objective to maximize the productivity and profitability of system. Application of 125% recommended dose of fertilizers to both crops significantly increased the grain yields of crop compo- nents and it was remunerative also without deterioration of soil properties. Application of 10 tonnes FYMIha to soybean along with different fertilizer doses increased the grain yields of both crops, besides build-up in organic carbon and K contents in soil. Sowing of 125% recommended seed rate of wheat also helped to incease the pro- ductivity, net monetary returns and benefit : cost ratio of entire soybean-wheat system.
Production potential of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)-based intercropping systems under irrigated conditions
Authors: I.P.S. AHLAWAT  , B. GANGAIAH  , OMPAL SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2000-2002 at New Delhi, to evaluate the productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)-based intercropping systems. The yield of chickpea was adversely affected by intercropping with lndian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson], barley (Hordeurn vulgare L., s.1.) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). However, the magnitude of reduction was relatively greater in lndian mustard. Further, the yield of chickpea increased as the proportion of chickpea increased in the mixture from 2:l to 4:1, while reverse trend was noticed in the yield of intercrops. Sole lndian mustard recorded the highest total productivity in terms of chickpea-equivalent yield (CEY), followed by chickpea + lndian mustard (2:1), chickpea + linseed in various row proportions and sole chickpea recorded similar CEY, which was markedly lower than sole barley and linseed and chickpea intercropped with lndian mustard and barley in various proportions, except chickpea + barley in 4:l row proportion. Among various intercropping systems, chickpea + barley, especially in 2:l and 3:l row pro- portions, showed yield advantages in terms of land-equivalent ratio (LER), while all the sole intercrops and chickpea-based intercropping systems, except chickpea + linseed (4:l) recorded higher income equivalent ratio over sole chickpea. All the intercrops were more competitive and aggressive than chickpea. Based on relative crowding coefficient, chickpea intercropped with barley in all row proportions and with linseed in 3:l and 4:l row proportions were the compatible intercropping systems.
Response of wheat (Triticum aestivtm) to seeding methods and weed management
Authors: I.B. PANBEY  , KULBEEP KUMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2000-2001 to 2001-2002, to study the re- sponse of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) to seeding methods and weed management. Criss- cross and unidirectional sowing resulted in significantly higher yield attributes, grain yield and net returns than broadcasting. Criss-cross sowing significantly reduced weed count and weed dry biomass than broadcasting. Test weight and protein content in grain were unaffected by seeding methods. Among the weed-control treatments, hand-weeding although recorded higher yield attributes, grain and straw yields but was found at par with those recorded under sulfosulfuron 33.3 g/ha and significantly higher than those recorded under isoproturon and 2,4-D. Net returns recorded among the weed-control treatments did not differ significantly. However, it was higher in isoproturon followed by sulfosulfuron, hand-weeding and 2,4-D. Weed-control treatments also recorded higher protein content weedy check.
Effect of zero and minimum tillage in conjunction with nitrogen management in wheat (Triticum aestivum) after rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: RAMESH KUMAR  , D.S.YADAV
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of tillage and nitrogen management on the productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) after rice (Oryza sativa L.) during winter seasons of 1997-98 and 1998-99 at Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh. Sowing of wheat by Chinese seeder recorder significantly higher val- ues of growth characters, yield attributes, yield and nitrogen uptake by wheat followed by Pantnagar zero till drill and lowest in conventional tillage. Chinese seeder recorded 23.83 and 25.85% more grain yield over conven- tional tillage during first and second year respectively. All the growth characters, yield attributes, yield and N up- take were significantly higher with 150 kg N/ha over 120 kg Nlha. Application of N as half basal + half after first ir- rigation recorded significantly higher yield and N uptake over rest of the treatments but test weight was higher with the application of N as half after first irrigation + half after second irrigation.
Performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties in Eucalyptus plantation
Authors: AJIT SINGH  , RAJ SINGH  , R.K. PANNU
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted for 2 crop seasons (1999-2000 and 2000-2001) at Hisar, Haryana, to study the performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) genotypes in association with Euca- lyptus plantation. Among the yield attributes, the effect of shade was maximum on effective tillers and was mini- mum on test weight. The yield attributes and grain yield of wheat decreased significantly with successive in- crease in shade level from s, to S, during both the years except effective tillers/plant and test weight between S,, and S,,. The quantum of decrease in grain yield with increased shade from S, to S,, over S, was 49.2%, 29.1 %, 13.1% respectively. Among the varieties, 'PBW 343' yielded highest followed by 'PBW 175'. The yield re- duction was least in 'IWP 72'.
Effect of sowing date and tillage on soil properties, nutrient uptake and yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum) grown in wintes rice (Oryza sativa)-fallows
Authors: H. KALITA  , P.C. BORA  , M.C. DEBNATH'
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1997-98 and 1998-99 under rainfed medium- land situation, to find out the effect of sowing date and tillage practices on soil properties, nutrient uptake and seed yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) grown in winter rice (Oryza sativa L.)-fallows at Jorhat. The crop sown on 10 November recorded significantly higher seed yield and total N, P and K uptake in both the years. Normal tillage with rice straw mulching resulted in significantly higher uptake of N, P and K and seed yield. This treatment recorded the lowest values for available N, P20, and K20 in soil at crop harvest. Bulk density of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm soil layers was also minimum and as a result total porosity was maximum under this treatment. Minimum tillage with standing rice straw intact emerged superior to normal tillage without straw mulch and mini- mum tillage without standing straw in respect of seed yield and nutrient uptake.
Determination of optimum fertilizer and spacing requirement for sustaining higher growth and fibre yield of Indian ramie (Boehmeria nivea)
Authors: SITANGSHU SARKARi
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1997-2000 on medium fertile, sandy-loam acidic soil of Ramie Re- search station, Sorbhog, Assam, to study the effect of fertilizer and spacing on growth and fibre yield of ramie [Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.] cv. 'R 141 1'. Total 14 cuttings could be taken in the order of 2,5, 4 and 3 cuttings in the lst, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year respectively. The highest fibre yield of 164 to 650 kglhdcutting was recorded with 40:20:20 kg NPWhdcutting of whereas the lowest spacing, i.e. 20 cm x 40 cm resulted in the highest fibre yield1 cutting ranging between 172 and 654 kglhdcutting, may be due to accommodation of higher cane numbers per unit area. Interaction of fertilizer and spacing showed that 40:20:20 kglhalcutting of NPK along with 20 cm x 40 cm spacing resulted in the highest fibre yield per cutting (184-690 kglhdcutting) which was at par with fibre yield (179-687 kglhdcutting) obtained with 30:15:15 kglhdcutting of NPK with 20 cm x 40 cm spacing. Second year of the plantation provided the highest total fibre yield of 2,469 kglha with 40:20:20 kglha of NPK along with 20 cm x 40 cm spacing. Regarding the cutting-wise fibre yield, it was observed that 2 cutting (July) gave the highest fibre yield (597kglhdcutting) followed by 3rd, 1st and 4 cutting in descending order.
Integrated nutrient management in basmati rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: S.V. BHOITE    .
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2000-2001 to 2002-2003 to study the combined effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on grain yield of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) in rice-wheat sequence. Six systems of manuring to rice and 3 levels of fertilizers for suc- ceeding wheat were tried. Application of 50% recommended dose and 50% N through green-manure to rice with 100% recommended dose of fertilizers to wheat crop resulted in significantly higher system productivity and ben- efit soil fertility than that of all those treatments, in which, green-manure was not used. The application of 50% rec- ommended dose and 50% N through green-manure to rice gave significantly higher net returns and benefit : cost ratio, irrespective of fertilizer level applied to wheat. Thus 50% NPK dose to rice and wheat crop can be saved without decrease in yield and with maximum net returns and benefit : cost ratio, when line of sunnhemp was grown along with after every sixth row of rice, cut at 45 days after sowing and trampled in inter row space of rice.
Effect of tillage practices and herbicides on weed dynamics and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat system in Vertisols
Authors: J.S. MISHRA  , V.P. SlNGH ANDN.T.YADURAJU
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 at Jabalpur, to study the influence of tillage and herbicides on weed dynamics and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat system in Vertisols. The zero-till planting reduced the infestation of Phalaris minor Retz. and Chenopodium album L. but increased the problem of wild oat (Avena sterillis ssp. ludoviciana). Grain yield of wheat was similar in all the tillage systems. Unchecked weed competition reduced the grain yield by 23.4% and 22.3% compared to metribuzin and isoproturon, respectively. Application of isoproturon 1.0 kglha at 25 days after sowing (DAS) and metribuzin 0.30 kglha at 35 DAS significantly reduced the population of t? minorand C. album during both the years and resulted in significantly higher grain yield than weedy check but it failed to control wild oat. The highest mean net returns (Rs 6,5711ha) were obtained from zero tillage and appli- cation of isoproturon 1.0 kglha. Seeds of t? minor and C. album were higher in deep tillage and A. ludoviciana and Medicago hispida in zero tillage and they were mostly distributed in upper 1 cm soil depth. Deep tillage retained higher soil moisture than zero tillage.
Production potential and economics of maize (Zea mays) intercropped with legumes as influenced by weed control
Authors: M.K CHALKA  , V. NEPALlA
Published: December 2023

A study was undertaken during the rainy seasons of 2001 and 2002 at Udaipur, to evaluate effect of weed con- trol on production potential and economics of maize (Zea mays L.)-legume intercropping system. Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] as intercrops reduced the weed dry matter. Introduc- tion cf different rainy season legumes did not affect yield attributes and yield of maize but significanlty increased maize-equivalent yield. All weed-control treatments resulted in significant reduction in weed dry matter and helped in significant enhancement in maize yeild attributes and yield. Weed control through metolachlor recorded higher maize-equivalent yield which was at par with alachor and hand-weeding. Higher net returns and benefit : cost ratio were obtained by maize + cowpea intercropping system, but it was at par with other intercropping system, while in terms of net returns and benefit : cost ratio-metolachlor, alachlor and hand-weeding were statistically equivalent.
Effect of row ratio of fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) intercropping system on productivity, competition functions and economics under rainfed conditions of north India
Authors: S.S. VERMA  , Y.P. JOSH  , S.C. SAXENA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 3 consecutive years from 2000 to 2002 at the Live- stock Research Centre of the Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, to study the effect of row ratio of fodder sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] intercropping systems. Intercropping of fodder sorghum in narrow row space of pigeonpea (75 cm) with a row ratio of 1:2 recorded the highest pigeonpea-equivalent yield (34.36 qlha), net returns (Rs 30,179/ha), benefit : cost ratio (4.96), aggressivity index (0.533), area-time equivalent ratio (1.21), land-equivalent ratio (1.583) and relative crowding co-efficient (15.07).Thus, the intercropping system may be adopted for higher net return, benefit: cost ra- tio and pegionpea-equivalent yield.
Response of oat (Avena sativa) varieties to irrigation schedules
Authors: B. GANGAIAH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter season (1 998-99 and 1999-2000) to assess the effect of 4 ir- rigation schedules based on irrigation water : cumulative pan evaporation (IW : CPE) ratios on performance 2 oat varieties ('JHO 822' and 'JHO 851') revealed that the varieties did not differ for fodder yield and N concentration. However, based on crude protein yield (qlha) 'JHO 851' (6.08) was found significantly superior to 'JHO 822' (5.29), whereas in respect of water-use efficiency (kg dmlha-mm) 'JHO 822' (28.6) was superior to 'JHO 851' (20.3). Among the 4 irrigation schedules, fodder yield and water-use efficiency increased significantly with increasing IW: CPE ratio from 0.0 to 0.9 ratio.
Forage production potential and economics of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) intercropping under rainfed conditions
Authors: SUNlL KUMAR  , C.R. RAWAT  , N.P. MELKANlA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons (kharif) of 1999, 2000 and 2001, to study the pro- duction potential and economic feasibility of maize (Zea mays L.) + cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] inter- cropping under rainfed conditions. Pooled analysis of data indicated that intercropping of maize and cowpea in the row proportion of 2:2 recorded significantly higher total green fodder (338.3 qlha), dry matter (83.0 qlha) and crude protein yield (10.3 qlha) as well as net returns (Rs 8,3461ha) over other treatments. However, benefit : cost ratio for maize (sole) was higher (1.78) than the other treatment except maize+cowpea planted in the row ratio of 2:l (2.04), 2:2 (2.21) and mixed seed in the same row (1:l) (1.89). Monetary advantage ranged from Rs 38 with in- tercropping of maize and cowpea in the row ratio of 1 :4 to Rs 2,427 (check) under maize + cowpea (2:2) and was negative with intercropping of maize and cowpea in a row ratio of 1:l and 1:2 land-equivalent ratio was more than 1 in all intercropping systems except maize and cowpea planted in the row ratio of 1 :I and 1 :2 maximum be- ing with maize + cowpea (2:2) intercropping system (LER 1.41).
Effect of nursery fertilization on seedling growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: K.N. SINGH  , BADRUL HASAN  , B.A. KANDAY  , A.K. BHAT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the main campus of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, Kashmir, during 2000 and 2001, to study the effect of fertility levels in rice (Oryza sa- tiva L.) nursery and ultimate effect on yield of rice crop. The seedling length, dry weight and seedling growth in- creased significantly by increasing fertility up to the highest level 200 N + 100 P20, + 50 K 2 0 kgtha. Yield and yield-attributing characters, i.e. grains1 panicle, panicles1 m2, and straw yield also recorded highest value at treat- ment 200 N + 100 P20, + 50 K 2 0 kglha in the nursery. Nitrogen content and uptake in nursery increased by in- creasing fertility levels but N recovery was very low in nursery. Higher fertilizer application in rice nursery in- creased benefit : cost ratio and grain yield of rice.
Integrated nutrient management in maize (Zea mays)-gobhi sarson (Brassica napus ssp oleifera var. annua) cropping system under rainfed condition
Authors: ANlL KUMAR  , K.S. THAKUR  , SANJAY SHARMA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1998-99 to 2000-01 to work out an integrated nutrient management schedule for maize (Zea mays L.)-gobhi sarson (Brassica napus ssp oleifera var annua) cropping system under rainfed conditions. The total grain production was higher (110.5 qlha) when both crops in system were given 150% of recommended NPK and was 28 and 26% higher over recommended fertilizer application in maize and gobhi sarson respectively. However, an application of 150% of recommended NPK to maize and 100% NPK + 10 tonneslha farmyard manure (FYM) to gobhi sarson also resulted in statistically similar grain yield (108 qlha). Ap- plication of 10 tonnes FYM along with 100% NPK either to one crop or both crops increased the system produc- tivity by 7.7% over 100% NPK, application only. The N,P and K uptake in system was higher when both crops in system were given 150% NPK, followed by 100% NPK + 10 tonnes FYMIha application. Higher gross returns (Rs 75,251) and benefit : cost ratio (2.68) were obtained when both crops in system were given 150% of recom- mended NPK. Application of recommended NPK to both crops although gave lower gross returns (Rs 56,786), the benefit : cost ratio of 2.18 was most practical under limited resources.
Effect of land configuration, post-monsoon irrigation and phosphorus on perfor- mance of sole and intercropped pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: S.R. KANTWA  , I.P.S. AHLAWAT  , B. GANGAIAH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season 2001-02 to find out the effect of land configura- tion, post-monsoon irrigation and phosphorus fertilization on performance of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] grown sole and intercropped with urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. The broad-bed and furrow plant- ing and post-monsoon irrigation at 0.4 IW : CPE ratio improved the yield attributes (podslplant and seedslpod) of pigeonpea over flat planting and unirrigated pigeonpea, leading to similar increase in grain yield of pigeonpea by 10%. An intercropping of pigeonpea with urdbean had no effect on pigeonpea yield, but the additional urdbean yield in intercropping resulted in markedly higher total productivity in terms of pigeonpea-equivalent yield. The grain yield of pigeonpea increased up to 40 kg P,O, /ha only. However, total productivity in terms of pigeonpea-equivalent yield increased with increasing rates of P up to 80 kg P,O, /ha.
Effect of organic manures and herbicides on yield and yield-attributing characters of wheat
Authors: JITENDER SlNGH  , K.P. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

In a study conducted during 1999-2000 and 2000-2001, an application of organic manures increased the number of effective tillers, grain weightlear and grain and biological yields over no organic manure in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). The highest yield was recorded under vermicompost at 15 tonneslha. Vermicompost at 10 tonneslha and FYM at 15 tonneslha gave equal yields. Overall increase in grain yield was 29.91, 18.81, 35.44 and 45.21 % owing to FYM at 15 tonneslha and vermicompost at 7.5, 10 and 15 tonneslha, respectively, over no organic manure. Different weed-control treatments significantly improved the effective tillers and grain weightlear of wheat. Metsulfuron at 4 glha and 2,4-D at 0.5 kglha were as effective as weed-free treat- ment for these parameters and for weed-control efficiency. Metsulfuron at 4 glha and 2,4-D at 0.5 kglha gave sig- nificantly more yields than the weedy check and were at par with each other. In interaction effects, vermicompost at 15 and 10 tonneslha gave better results under weedy conditions than FYM.
Effect of micro-herbicides on weed dynamics, yield and economics of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: DHIMAN MUKHERJEE  , R.P. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

The efficacy of some potent micro-herbicides in conjunction with other herbicide for control of various weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) was studied during the rainy season of 2001 and 2002 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. The major weeds found were Echinochloa colonum L., Echinochloa cruss galli Beauv., Cyperus .. rotundus L., Cyperus difformis L., Fimbristylis millacea (L.) Vahl and Ludwigia parviflora Roxb. Almix + 2, 4-DEE (1 5 + 500 glha) applied 8 days after transplanting was found most effective in controlling weeds and maximizing rice grain yield (58.3 qlha). This was on a par with hand-weeding done thrice at 20,40 and 60 days stage. This treatment recorded highest net return (Rs 46,392) and benefit : cost ratio (3.9). Hand-weeding treatments though significantly reduced the weed biomass and improved the grain yield, owing to higher labour cost reduced the benefit : cost ratio.
Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes to post-anthesis moisture stress by chemical desiccation
Authors: SUBHASH CHANDRA  , D.P. SINGH  , R.K. PANNU  , RAVINDRA SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1997-98 and 1998-99 at Hisar, to evaluate the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) genotypes to post-anthesis moisture stress by chemical desiccation under different environments. The growth and yield parameters, viz. dry-matter production, grainslspike and 1,000-grain weight, were significantly higher in normal irrigated environment by 27.62, 26.68 and 56.39% than dry and 19.99, 47.41 and 112.1 1% higher than 0.1% potassium iodide (KI) spray on whole canopy of wheat. Wet environment recorded 23.19, 120.22 and 48.25% higher grain yield in wheat over dry, 0.1% KI spray on whole canopy and vegetative parts escaping ears. Among the 4 desiccant sprayed environments, significantly higher growth, yield attributes and yield were obtained in 0.075% KI spray on vegetative parts as compared to 0.1 and 0.075% KI spray on whole canopy. Among genotypes, 'UP 2338' recorded 6.33, 18.06 and 33.95% higher num- ber of grainslspike over 'PBW 343', 'WH 533' and 'Lok 1'. Wheat cv. 'UP 2338'fetched more grain yield by 7.51, 20.23 and 44.63% than 'PBW 343', 'WH 533' and 'Lok 1' and found to be less sensitive to post-anthesis moisture stress compared with the other genotypes.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity, nutrient uptake and moisture-use functions of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucurn)
Authors: RAJPAL MEENA  , R  , C. GAUTAM
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, during the rainy seasons of 2000 and 2001 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on productivity and nutri- ent uptake of pearlmillet [Penniseturn glaucurn (L.) R.Br. emend. Stuntz.] under rainfed conditions. Inoculation of seed with Azospirillum + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) with 20 and 15 kg N and P20, resulted in signifi- cantly higher yield attributes, seed yield and NPK uptake. Further, application of 20 kg N + 15 kg P20$ha + Azospirillurn + PSB resulted in higher consumptive use of water (mm), water-use efficiency (kglha-mm) and daily rate of water use (mmlday) over other INM treatments. The seed yield and nutrient uptake increased with organic manuring in association with summer ploughing before sowing the crop. The consumptive use of water, water- use efficiency and daily rate of water use and yield attributes of pearlmillet, yield and N, P and K uptake signifi- cantly increased with different organic manures and summer ploughing before sowing of crop. The FYM @ 10 tonneslha with summer ploughi ,g before sowing of the crop registered the highest values for the above param- eters compared to other organic sources of nutrients and summer ploughing.
Influence of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil fertility and productivity of soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: SUMIT CHATURVEDI  , AS. CHANDEL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Pantnagar, during the rainy season (kharif) of 2002 and 2003, to assess the effect of various fertilizer and manurial treatments on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. Integrated use of rec- ommended fertilizers with supplementary nutrients increased the yield attributes and yield. Increase in yield var- ied from 58.7 to 124.4% and 61.9 to 136.9% during 2002 and 2003, respectively, over the control. Highest yield attributes (podslplant, and 100-seed weight), harvest index, grain yield as well as NPK uptake was recorded with the application of 100% recommended dose of NPK + FYM Q 10 tonneslha. Use of organic sources helped in maintaining soil fertility in terms of available nutrients.
Effect of biofertilizer and phosphorus levels on yield attributes, yield and quality of urdbean (Vigna mungo)
Authors: AJAY GUPTA  , VlNOD KUMAR SHARMA  , G.D. SHARMA  , PANKAJ CHOPRA
Published: December 2023

A field investigation was conducted at farmer's field during the rainy seasons of 2000 and 2001 to study the effect of bio-fertilizer inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on yield and quality of the cultivars of urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] 'UG 218' urdbean produced significantly higher podslplants, 1,000-seed weight, seed yield as well as straw yield over other 2 varieties. However, the protein content was higher in the seeds of 'Type 9'. The practice of seed inoculation with phosphorus-solubilising bacteria showed a significant increase in seed yield and its attributes as well as protein content and N and P uptake over uninoculated treatment. Re- sponse of crop to phosphorus fertilization was significant up to 60 kg P,Odha for seed and straw yields. Phos- phorus application also resulted in significant increase in seed protein content and N and P uptake in seed and straw.
I Effect of Mepiquat chloride and boron on irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in Turkey
Authors: OZGUL GORMUS
Published: December 2023

A field study was conducted from 2003 to 2004 to evaluate effects of foliar application of Mepiquat chloride and boron on growth and yield of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Mepiquat chloride @ 0.15 litrelha sig- nificantly reduced plant height, number of main stem nodes and nodes to first fruiting branch compared to the control. Plants treated with Mepiquat chloride at first flowering and 2 weeks after first flower stage and boron 8 0.15 litrelha at first flowering and and 4 weeks after first flowering resulted in significantly highest number of open bolls and seed-cotton yield. All foliar B applications applied either at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after first flower resulted in similar but higher yields than the control. Neither Mepiquat chloride nor B affected gin turnout. I Key words : Boll weight, Boron, Cotton, Plant height, Main stem nodes, Yield
Long-term effect of integrated nutrient management on yield sustainability and soil fertility of rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: VlKAS GUPTA  , R.S. SHARMA  , VISHWAKARMA
Published: December 2023

A long-term experiment was conducted on integrated nutrient management in rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triti- cum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) system at Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) since rainy (kharif) season 1987-88 to maintain the sustainable and high grain yields of this system without degradation of soil health under irrigated production system. The present paper deals with the studies conducted during the 2002-03 and 2003-04. Substituion of 50% N by green leaf manuring with sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) attained highest system pro- ductivity (33.12 kg grainlhdday). While determining the sustainability yield index (SYI), the value was also maxi- mum with 50% NPK + 50% N through green manuring with sunnhemp to rice, followed by 100% NPK to wheat. Maximum soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and zinc, and minimum bulk density were no- ticed with substitution of 50% N by green manure. However, the pH value and EC were almost constant in all the treatments. lntegrated use of 50% NPK and 50% N through green manuring of sunnhemp to rice followed by 100% NPK to wheat also fetched the maximum net monetary returns (Rs 34,403lhdyear) with the benefit: cost ratio 2.40.
Weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum) sown b y zero-tillage
Authors: HARl OM  , D.P. NANDAL  , S.D. DHIMAN  , MANGAT RAM
Published: December 2023

An investigation was carried out during the winter seasons of 2001-02 and 2002-03 at Rice Research Sta- tion, Kaul (Kaithal), to study the effect of weed-control treatments in wheat (Tn'ticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) sown by zero-tillage method. Significantly higher grain yield was recorded with the use of Glyphosate + Sulfosulfuron and Glyphosate + Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfluron (each applied at different time) during both the years. Glyphosate and or Metsulfuron was also required to supplement Sulfosulfuron or Clodinafop for better weed management. The highest net returns over the control and benefit : cost ratio were observed with the appli- cation of Glyphosate + Sulfosulfuron, followed by Glyphosate + Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron. The lowest dry weight of weeds (55.6 to 62.2 and 31.2 to 55.7 g/m2 for first and second year respectively) was observed with Glyphosate + Clodinafop + Metsulfuron, Glyphosate + Sulfosulfuron and Glyphosate + Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron treatment. The highest weed-control efficiency was recorded with Glyphosate + Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron application (89.2%), followed by Glyphosate + Sulfosulfuron (86.9%). Metsulfuron was effective in controlling Rumex spp. and other broad-leaf weeds.
Effect of levels and sources of sulphur on yield attributes, yield and quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
Authors: ISSA PlRl  , S.N SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season of 2003-04 and 2004-05 at the lndian Agricul- tural Research Institute, New Delhi, to study the effect of 4 levels (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg Stha) and 2 sources (gyp- sum and cosavet) of sulphur on yield attributes, yield and quality of lndian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson]. Yield attributes, seed and straw yields, oil content and oil yield, and sulphur content and uptake in both seed and straw increased significantly with increasing level of sulphur up to highest level of 45 kg Stha. Ap- plication of 15, 30 and 45 kg Stha increased the seed yield over the control by 9, 16 and 23%; oil yield by 13, 22 and 33%; and sulphur uptake by 25, 48 and 65% respectively. Sources of sulphur did not difier significantly with regard to yield and sulphur uptake but cosavet recorded significantly higher sulphur-use efficiency and sulphur- uptake efficiency than gypsum.
Effect of integrated use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on potato (Solanum tuberosum) production
Authors: S.P. SlNGH  , V.S. KUSHWAH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Central Potato Research Station, Gwalior during winter seasons (rab~) of 2001-02 and 2002-03 to study the effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production. The treatments included 25, 50, 75 and 100% doses of NPK with and without organic manures (farmyard manure and Nadep compost @30 tonnestha). Application of 100% NPK + 30 tonnes FYMtha ' resulted in significantly higher tuber yield of 456 qtha compared with that of other treatments except 100% NPK + 30 tonnes Nadeptha and 75% NPK + 30 tonnes FYMtha. The effect of organic manures (FYM and Nadep com- post) in combination with inorganic fertilizers was more pronounced compared with that of organic manures alone. However, FYM was found more effective than Nadep compost in producing higher tuber yield. Maximum net return of Rs 63,627tha was also obtained from 100% NPK + 30 tonnes FYMtha. However, benefit: cost ratio was almost same under 75% NPK with 30 tonneslha FYM or Nadep compost and 100% NPK with 30 tonnestha FYM or Nadep compost.