bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of red needle cast caused by Phytophthora pluvialis a new disease of radiata pine in New Zealand
Authors: Ganley R.J. , Williams N.M. , Rolando C.A. , Hood I.A. , Dungey H.S. , Beets P.N. , Bulman L.S.
Published: October 2019

Ten years ago there were no known foliar diseases caused by Phytophthora on pine trees worldwide Since then two significant Phytophthora diseases have emerged on radiata pine one of which is only known in New Zealand Red needle cast is a disease caused by the pathogen Phytophthora pluvialis which is thought to have originated from northwestern USA This paper reviews the challenges the New Zealand forestry industry faces when dealing with this disease and evaluates the management options such as chemical control biological control and breeding programmes being investigated to minimise its effect on forest productivity The distribution of the pathogen in New Zealand and research that shows bark logs and wood are free of the pathogen therefore unlikely to pose biosecurity threats through trade in these products are also outlined
Drift reducing potential of low drift nozzles with the use of sprayhoods
Authors: Roten R.L. , Ferguson J.C. , Hewitt A.J.
Published: October 2019

A field study was conducted in November 2013 to assess the drift reduction potential of a three headed sprayhood unit with either DG9502 or DG95015 lowdrift nozzles used with the hoods either on or off (DG nozzles calibrated at 06 litres/min) A standard treatment of 11003 nozzles calibrated at 125 litres/min without hoods was the control One tank mix of 04 g/litre PTSA (1368pyrenetetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt) fluorescent dye was used for all treatments Petri dishes and aluminium plate collectors were placed at 025 05 1 2 5 10 25 50 and 100 m downwind in three lines spaced at 10 m Collectors were placed in plastic bags under cool dark storage until analysis Results showed that total drift was reduced up to 99 compared to the control when the spray hoods where used
Effects of adjuvants on distribution and rainfastness of captan sprays on apple leaf scars to control European canker
Authors: Gaskin R.E. , Manktelow D.W.L. , Northcott G.L.
Published: October 2019

Autumn leaf scars are an important pathogen infection site for European canker on apples Trials were undertaken to evaluate the effects of adjuvants on spray coverage of new leaf scars and determine if adjuvants could (1) impart any significant rainfastness to protectant captan sprays and (2) provide any redistribution of captan during a rain event postleaf drop Retention on fresh leaf scars was increased with the use of organosiliconelatex sticker adjuvants only Rain had little effect on spray residues but these adjuvants could improve rainfastness of captan due to their effects on spray retention Retention on stem wood and around leaf nodes was increased by up to sevenfold with the use of superspreadertype adjuvants due to redistribution of spray runoff from leaves High initial deposits resulted in postrain residues on leaf scars threefold higher than a captan spray alone Redistribution of captan onto exposed leaf scars in rain appears likely with these adjuvants
Evaluation of new volatile compounds as lures for western flower thrips and onion thrips in New Zealand and Spain
Authors: Teulon D.A.J. , Casta?? C. , Nielsen M-C , El-Sayed A.M. , Davidson M.M. , Gardner-Gee R. , Poulton J. , Kean A.M. , Hall C. , Butler R.C. , Sansom C.E. , Suckling D.M. , Perry N.B.
Published: October 2019

Two glasshouse trials in a capsicum crop near Warkworth New Zealand in January 2011 and two field trials in a nectarine orchard near Lleida Spain in July 2013 were undertaken to determine if trap capture of Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips WFT) and Thrips tabaci (onion thrips OT) could be increased by alternative volatile compounds beyond the known thrips attractant methyl isonicotinate (MI) On blue sticky board traps in the crop in New Zealand none of six alternative compounds tested caught more thrips (mostly WFT OT and two other species) than the Control traps In contrast to MI catches with the alternative lures were mostly significantly lower For both trials in the orchard in Spain using white water traps the highest numbers of WFT and OT were caught higher than most of the nine alternative odour compounds tested
A pragmatic approach to delimiting incursions
Authors: Burnip G.M. , Kean J.M. , Pathan A.K.
Published: October 2019

When incursions of exotic organisms are first detected Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) investigators normally assess the spatial extent of populations to evaluate whether eradication is a viable option However delimitation of the entire risk area typically requires substantial effort and cost Collaboration between MPI and Better Border Biosecurity researchers led to the realisation that a quantified geographic distribution of the exotic organisms population is not necessarily required to determine eradication viability The question is not where in the landscape is the organism present but the more manageable is the organism present across such a widespread area that eradication is not feasible This pragmatic approach focuses on getting the delimitation question right and narrows the scope of investigative actions to something achievable This approach informed response option development when the Australian pasture tunnel moth (Philobota sp) incursion was first detected in New Zealand in 2010 and for the eucalyptus leaf beetle (Paropsisterna beata) detected in 2012 Further details of this approach have been published in Kean JM Burnip GM Pathan A 2014 Detection survey design for decision making during biosecurity incursions In Jarrad FC LowChoy SJ Mengersen K ed Biosecurity Surveillance Quantitative Approaches ISBN 9781780643595 CAB International
Investigating foliar fertiliser effects on the incidence of clover flea (Sminthurus viridis) damage on white clover
Authors: Wilson D.J. , Gerard P.J.
Published: October 2019

Clover flea (Sminthurus viridis (L) is a sporadic and at times serious pest of white clover in New Zealand Clover flea feeding is reduced in the laboratory by application of foliar fertilisers The possibility that this was related to potassium status was tested in outdoor were placed in a paddock where clover flea were active while in the second treated plants were surrounded by a barrier and clover flea released into the enclosure Three treatments significantly reduced the incidence of feeding damage 79 days after treatment compared to the water treatment with diazinon (4257 reduction in the incidence of damage) more effective than Nitrosolreg; (2644) and potash (38) There was no evidence the effect was related to potassium Only Thrivereg; increased the amount of foliage
Seasonal wound presence and susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima infection in New Zealand apple trees
Authors: Amponsah N.T. , Beresford M. Walter R.M. , Scheper R.W.A.
Published: October 2019

Leaf scar wounds are important sites for Neonectria ditissima infection of apple trees Monitoring leaf fall in Scilate/Envy and Braeburn trees to estimate leaf scar wound presence showed maximum leaf scar incidence occurred in June (early winter) Wounds detected in New Zealand apple orchards were bud scale scars fruit thinning and picking wounds leaf scars and pruning cuts Picking wounds are caused during harvest where the pedicel is detached from the shoot Susceptibility of these different types of wounds was determined using artificial inoculation of N ditissima conidia during the season Pruning cut wounds were the most susceptible followed by fruit picking and thinning wounds and the least susceptible were leaf scar wounds No infections were observed when bud scale wounds were inoculated There was no difference in wound susceptibility between cultivars but overall Scilate/Envy wounds developed more lesions than Braeburn wounds
Selecting potential nontarget species for host range testing of Eadya paropsidis
Authors: Withers T.M. , Allen G.R. , Reid C.A.M.
Published: October 2019

Classical biological control is proposed for Paropsis charybdis (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysomelinae) a eucalypt pest established in New Zealand The Australian solitary larval endoparasitoid Eadya paropsidis (Hymenoptera Braconidae) is under investigation A potential nontarget species list was compiled for host range testing There are no endemic species of paropsines in the New Zealand fauna only invasive pest beetles The most closely related endemic beetles to the paropsines are Chrysomelinae in the genera Allocharis Aphilon Caccomolpus Chalcolampra and Cyrtonogetus Little is known about these species New Zealand has also introduced 12 beneficial chrysomelid weed biological control agents which include Chrysomelinae and their sister group the Galerucinae One endemic beetle six beneficial beetles and two pest beetles are listed as the highest priority species for host specificity testing
Enhancing innovation and technology transfer in the New Zealand apple industry learnings from Apple Futures
Authors: Park N.M. , Williams T.A. , Walker J.T.S. , Butcher M.R. , Turner J.A. , Botha N. , Vereijssen J. , Taylor N.M.
Published: October 2019

Apple Futures was a research implementation project designed to produce export quality ultralow residue apples while meeting the phytosanitary requirements of over 60 countries In 3 years from 2007/08 to 2009/10 seasons it was successfully implemented on 65 of New Zealands export apple crop with a benefitcost ratio of 30 times the value of the investment The process of developing and implementing Apple Futures is the subject of a case study on coinnovation an approach to solving complex problems that engages multiple stakeholders throughout research and extension initiatives to enhance adoption and impact A new innovation system analysis framework was used to identify key coinnovation learnings These included the importance of trust amongst participants learning together a clear agenda for change and monitoring and evaluating progress towards that change agenda Findings are discussed in the context of maximising impact in innovation projects in New Zealands primary sector
Pruning date affects bacterial canker of sweet cherry
Authors: Colhoun K.M , Butler R.C. , Marroni M.V.
Published: October 2019

The effect of pruning date on the development of canker lesions caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae (Pss) and Ps pv morsprunorum (Psm) was investigated in a field trial using three sweet cherry cultivars with or without Pss and Psm inoculation Four weeks after treatment the percentage of twigs showing bacterial canker lesions and the size of lesions were recorded Overall the percentage of twigs showing lesions did not vary between cultivars but did vary with the pruning date and between pathovars Uninoculated branches pruned in February 2014 did not develop canker lesions A moderate proportion (40) showed lesions when inoculated with Psm and 100 of twigs showed necrosis when inoculated with Pss However for later pruning dates (April and July 2014) the percentage of twigs showing lesions declined progressively for twigs inoculated with both pathovars up to the September pruning Thereafter a sharp increase was observed with nearly 100 of twigs showing necrosis after the final January 2015 pruning For branches that showed necrosis lesion size varied strongly with cultivar pruning time and pathovar Lesion size tended to be smaller with later pruning but the pattern varied considerably with pathovar and cultivar The significance of these findings in relation to bacterial canker management is discussed
Management and control options for tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) in hill country pastures a review
Authors: James T.K. , Rahman A.
Published: October 2019

Tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) is a highly invasive semievergreen shrubby weed found throughout New Zealand Described as a serious pasture weed in 1937 it has been held in check for many years by tutsan rust Recently it has spread rapidly into pasture forestry and conservation areas Present methods available for managing tutsan are proving inadequate and unsustainable This review paper provides an overview of tutsans biology ecology habitat and its current distribution in New Zealand It details possible management strategies and control options with emphasis on control by herbicides The paper identifies a number of potential herbicides which although not currently registered for control of tutsan have shown good efficacy on this weed and could be developed for use on agricultural land through further research Herbicides currently registered for control of tutsan in Australia as well as the current recommendations in Victoria and Western Australia are also summarised
Monitoring methods and spatial patterns of European canker disease in commercial orchards
Authors: Campbell R.E. , Roy S. , Curnow T. , Walter M.
Published: October 2019

European canker (Neonectria ditissima) kills trees and decreases production in apple orchards To determine a level of disease control or the extent of its spread in commercial orchards efficient monitoring methods are required In this study we investigated two monitoring methods sampling a single row and systematic sampling of an orchard block The spatial pattern of disease within blocks and whether this changes over time was also investigated The accuracy of singlerow monitoring depended on the level of canker in the orchard and the patchiness of the distribution of infected trees However singlerow monitoring tracked changes over time in incidence severity and type of canker sufficiently well and was efficient The spatial patterns of disease incidence across the blocks were nonrandom but showed hotspots which did not change significantly over time
Hot water disinfection treatment to eliminate Neonectria ditissima latent infections in apple scion wood
Authors: Amponsah N.T. , Walter B.M. Fisher M. , Frijters L. , Hedderley D.I. , Scheper R.W.A.
Published: October 2019

The European canker pathogen Neonectria ditissima can be transmitted by apple scion wood into newly developing trees following grafting or budding resulting in disease development and progression An in vitro hot water treatment showed that both conidia and mycelium of N ditissima can be killed when placed into water at 50C for 8805; 5 min However diseased scion wood required 8805; 15 min disinfection at the same temperature to eliminate all internal pathogens including N ditissima At this temperature and time duration no mycelium growth was observed after 2 weeks incubation of cut pieces of the disinfected tissues on apple sap amended water agar Although the treatment was 100 effective at eliminating some identified and nonspecific pathogens visual assessment of both the scion and rootstock viability and vigour six months after the hot water treatment showed that 98 of the rootstocks and scions failed to grow and develop
Роль цитофлавина в комбинированной терапии сахарного диабета 2 типа осложненного течения
Authors: Харитонова Татьяна Витальевна , Семенова О. И. , Коваленко А. Л. , Кондакова В. А.
Published: October 2019

Изучено влияние на уровень гликемии цитофлавина в составе в комбинированной терапии пациентов с осложненным течением сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2). Проведен ретроспективный анализ лекарственной терапии 41 пациента, госпитализированного в отделение эндокринологии в плановом порядке с целью обследования и лечения осложнений СД2. В зависимости от схемы терапии больные были распределены на 2 группы. Основную группу составили 26 пациентов, получавших в дополнение к базисной терапии цитофлавин, в ней были выделены подгруппа из 10 пациентов, получавших препарат внутривенно капельно (20 мл однократно в сутки в течение 10 дней), и подгруппа из 16 пациентов, получавших препарат внутрь (по 2 таблетки 2 раза в сутки в течение 10 дней); контрольную группу составили 15 больных, получавших только базисную лекарственную терапию СД. Кроме того, в зависимости от сопутствующей патологии, пациентам назначали гипотензивные, антиагрегантные, кардио- и нейро-протективные препараты и физиотерапевтическое лечение. Регистрировали данные анамнеза (длительность заболевания, особенности течения болезни, соблюдение диеты, амбулаторные колебания уровня гликемии, применяемая терапия), наличие и степень выраженности осложнений СД2, сопутствующие заболевания, сопутствующая терапия. Оценивали показатели динамики уровня гликемии, измеряемого натощак и после приема пищи, ежедневно в течение всего курса лечения (10 – 12 дней). Выявлен положительный эффект от включения в схемы комплексной терапии пациентов с осложненным течением СД2 цитофлавина: (при отсутствии изменений схемы гипогликемической терапии) к концу периода наблюдения среднее снижение уровня гликемии натощак в I группе составило (1,1 ± 1,2) ммоль/л, во II группе — (0,3 ± 0,5) ммоль/л (p = 0,01). Полученные данные представляются важными в свете нарастающей резистентности к стандартной терапии при длительном течении заболевания. В связи с полученными предварительными данными представляет интерес проведение дальнейшего исследования эффектов включения цитофлавина в схемы терапии пациентов с СД2.
المصطلحات اللفظية للأسطورة في نصوص الاسفار الخمسة (
Authors: Zaidan ِabbas saleem
Published: October 2019

ملخص البحث:

  علم الأساطير أو ما يسمّى بالميثولوجيا، وهو مجموعة من الأساطير التي تخصّ ثقافة أو فلكلوراً معيناً، يعتقد أصحابها بأنّها على مستوى عالي من الصحة، وتتضمّن شرحاً لما يحدث في الطبيعة وكذلك ما يتعلّق بالإنسانيّة، أمّا الأسطورة فهي عبارة عن حكاية تتألّف من مجموعة من الأحداث الخارقة والغريبة، وقد تتضمّن مجموعة من الأحداث التاريخيّة التي تحدثت عنها الذاكرة الإنسانيّة لكن بشكل آخر، بحيث غيرت في طريقته أو أضافت إليها. علم الأساطير والدين يوجد تعريف علمي ومنطقي للميثولوجيا وليس كما يزعم البعض، فهي اصطلاحاً وعلمياً مجموعة من القصص التقليديّة أو المقدّسة أو التي تتحدّث عن الآلهة، وهي بجميع الأحوال لا تسيء إلى الآلهة أو الدين؛ لأنّ كلمة أساطير ذكرت في كتاب الله المقدس أي القرآن الكريم، وتعبر عن القصص القديمة للأولين، وهذا مبرّر للكتب المسيحيّة التي أطلقت كلمة أساطير؛ لأنّها بهذا لا تسيء للدين المسيحيّ. مميزات علم الأساطير تتميّز بالعمق الفلسفي الذي يميزها عن القصص الشعبية. كانت تعتبر الأسطورة سابقاً مثل العلوم الأخرى مصدقاً بمحتوياتها ومسلماً لها. في كثير من الأحيان تدور الأسطورة حول الآلهة أو حول أنصاف الآلهة وطبيعة وجود الإنسان ودوره في هذه الأساطير. تحكي وتبين الظواهر الطبيعية، أو كيفية نشوء الكون، أو بيان كيفية خلق الإنسان وغيرها كثيراً من المواضيع الخاصّة بالعلوم الإنسانيّة. أنواع علم الأساطير الأسطورة الطقـوسيّة. أسطورة التكوين. الأسطورة التعليليّة. الأسطورة الرمزيّة. في هذا البحث سنركز على مصطلحات لفظية وردت في العهد القديم وشكلت اساطير اعتمد عليها اليهود في كتابة تاريخهم.

الكلمات المفتاحية: الاسطورة، الاسفار الخمسة، شعب الله المختار، ارض الميعاد
الدلالة الصرفية عند ابن قتيبة في كتابه المسائل والأجوبة
Authors: عجيل م.د.  سوسن عبد الحسن
Published: October 2019

يتناول البحث الدلالة الصرفية في كتاب المسائل والأجوبة لابن قتيبة الّذي حفل بالعديد من المسائل الصّرفية التي عالجها ابن قتيبة ضمن إجابته عن الأسئلة التي سُئل عنها في موضوع غريب الحديث، فالكتاب لم يكن كتابا مختصًا باللغة أو الصرف ومع ذلك وجدناه قد تعرض لكثير من المسائل اللغوية والصرفية.

     ولايخفى ما للأبنية الصرفية وهيأتها ومدلولاتها من أهمية في توليد الألفاظ وتنمية الثروة اللغوية لكل لغة من اللغات، فالنظام الصّرفيّ هو المحدّد لوسائل نمو اللغة وتطورها لذا نحاول في هذا البحث رصد الدلالة الصرفية لعدد من الأبنية التي ذكرها ابن قتيبة من خلال بيان العلاقة بين الأبنية الصرفية ومعانيها مظهرا في أثناء ذلك أهمية علم الصرف في توليد المفردات التي تؤدي إلى تطور اللغة وتوسعها، وقد امتازت العربيّة بصيغٍ كثيرة ذات دلالات مختلفة، وأبنية واسعة، والتصريف هو الّذي يكشف عن تلك الصيغ وبه تتميز المعاني، والخلط بين صيغة وأخرى يؤدى إلى الانتقال من معنى إلى معنى آخر مغاير له.

        وقد تنبّه علماء العربية لهذه الدلالة وحظيت باهتمام اللغويين وتناولوها في مصنفاتهم من غير إفرادها بأبواب وفصول مستقلة، فقد أدركوا أن ما تؤديه صيغة ما يختلف عمّا تؤديه صيغة أخرى، ولكلّ قسم من أقسام الكلام دلالة فالاسم إذا كان علما يدلّ على معيّن وإذا كان مصدرا يدلّ على الحدث، والفعل يدلّ على الحدث والزمن والحرف أداة تربط بين الأسماء والأفعال.

ونحاول في هذا البحث رصد الدلالة الصرفية للصيغ الصرفية التي ذكرها ابن قتيبة متمثلة بالدلالة الصرفية لأبنية الاسماء والمشتقات والدلالة الصرفية لأبنية الأفعال، فقد ذكر مجموعة من الألفاظ وبين دلالاتها وأوضح أثر اختلاف الصيغ في اختلاف المعاني، ومن الأسماء والمشتقات التي بيّن دلالاتها وكيفية اشتقاقها واختلاف الدلالة بين صيغة وأخرى اسم الفاعل واسم المفعول وأفعل التفضيل والاسماء المفردة وجمعها، وبيان أصل اشتقاق عدد من المفردات، وذكر التصاريف المختلفة للكلمة الواحدة وغيرها، أمّا الأفعال فقد تكلّم عن الأفعال المجردة والمزيدة وكيف تؤدي الزيادة إلى اختلاف الدلالة ومن هذه الأفعال ما جاء على صيغة تفاعل وبيان أشهر معانيها كما بيّن الفرق بين فَعَل وفَعَّلَ وبين إفعَلَّ وافتَعَلَ وغيرها. وكان لابن قتيبة أكثر من طريقة في بيان دلالة كلّ منها كما مبيّن في البحث. والحمد لله ربّ العالمين
RISIKO KETERPAPARAN ROKOK TERHADAP BERAT PLASENTA RINGAN PADA IBU BERSALIN
Authors: Nur A Fahira
Published: October 2019

Masalah kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, baik kesehatan individu maupun kesehatan masyarakat, beberapa faktor tersebut antara lain lingkungan, perilaku, serta pelayanan kesehatan. Beberapa faktor tersebut disamping berpengaruh langsung kepada kesehatan, juga saling berpengaruh satu sama lainnya. Status kesehatan akan tercapai secara optimal, bilamana faktor-faktor tersebut secara bersama-sama mempunyai kondisi yang optimal
KONSEP DASAR PROSES KEPERAWATAN UGD
Authors: Hisamjulfikrimunthe
Published: October 2019

Proses keperawatan adalah satu pendekatan untuk memecahkan suatu masalah yang memampukan perawat untuk mengatur dan memberikan suatu asuhan keperawatan kepada klien. Dan juga perawat Unit Gawat Darurat haruslah cepat, tepat, dan cermat untuk mencegah kematian atau kecacatan pada pasien. Tujuan : Kajian ini untuk mengetaui penerapan proses keperawatan di UGD. Model : Dalam kajian ini ialah dengan melakukan analisis data sekunder,yauitu kajian pustaka terhadap beberapa jurnal dan buku. Hasil : Menurut jurnal penulis yang telah baca yaitu Jurnal STIKES RS. Baptis Kediri Volume 3, No.2, Desember, 2010, Hal 85-93, bahwa peneliti menunjukkan adanya kepuasan pasien selama dirawat di UGD dengan kualitas tenaga kesehatan dan sarana prasarana pendukung yang terbaik. Pembahasan : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penulis diperoleh bahwasanya sebagian besar keluarga pasien gawat darurat maupun gawat non darurat memberikan penilaian sangat puas terhadap kecepatan pelayanan penunjang yaitu keluarga pasien gawat darurat sejumlah 40 responden ( 80%) dan keluarga pasien gawat non darurat sejumlah 40 responden ( 80 %). Kecepatan respon dan kerjasama perawat dalam membantu menyelesaikan masalah pasien adalah sangat penting. Penutup : Di ruangan Unit Gawat Darurat dibutuhkan pelayanan yang cepat, tepat dan benar serta memiliki ketrampilan dan pengetahuan yang baik.
Hypocognitive Mind: How Lack of Conceptual Knowledge Confines What People See and Remember
Authors: Wu Kaidi , Dunning David Alan
Published: October 2019

We examine hypocognition, in which people lack a cognitive or linguistic representation of a concept necessary to identify, interpret, or remember instances of it. Six studies (N = 2,085) revealed that hypocognition degrades retention of fundamental information in everyday living, such as frequency of encounter. Hypocognitive participants reported encountering instances of a concept less often compared to those who knew the concept (Study 1). They failed to discern the presence and encode the frequency of objects for which they were hypocognitive, such as American participants when observing exotic fruits (Studies 2A & 3) and alphabetic letters rendered as unfamiliar symbols (Studies 2B & 5). Hypocognition occurs across cultures: British participants tracked the frequency of Asian dumplings less accurately than Chinese participants, who tracked the frequency of cheese less accurately than the British (Study 4). Lacking an underlying concept impedes remembering even when novel verbal labels are present (Study 5). Finite channels of conceptual knowledge impose a powerful constraint on what people identify, recognize, and remember in their everyday environment. The concepts that people lack impoverish their experience with the world.
Idiosynchrony: From shared responses to individual differences during naturalistic neuroimaging
Authors: Finn Emily S. , Glerean Enrico , Khojandi Arman Y. , Nielson Dylan M , Molfese Peter J. , Handwerker Daniel A. , Bandettini Peter A
Published: October 2019

Two ongoing movements in human cognitive neuroscience have researchers shifting focus from group-level inferences to characterizing single subjects, and complementing tightly controlled tasks with rich, dynamic paradigms such as movies and stories. Yet relatively little work combines these two, perhaps because traditional analysis approaches for naturalistic imaging data are geared toward detecting shared responses rather than between-subject variability. Here, we review recent work using naturalistic stimuli to study individual differences, and advance a framework for detecting structure in idiosyncratic patterns of brain activity, or “idiosynchrony”. Specifically, we outline the emerging technique of inter-subject representational similarity analysis (IS-RSA), including its theoretical motivation and an empirical demonstration of how it recovers brain-behavior relationships during movie watching using data from the Human Connectome Project. We also consider how stimulus choice may affect the individual signal and discuss areas for future research. We argue that naturalistic neuroimaging paradigms have the potential to reveal meaningful individual differences above and beyond those observed during traditional tasks or at rest.
Hipospadia anal em um canino: relato de caso
Authors: Lima Charles , Milech Vanessa , Rosa Cunha Felipe , Silva Vives Patrícia , Fernando Weber Brito Marcio , Veloso Brun Maurício , Zuccolotto Crivellenti Leandro
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to report a case of anal hypospadias in a male canine, and also the diagnosis and therapeutic management. The patient was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Pelotas. Alterations were observed in both defecation and, especially micturition that was eliminated by the anus. CBC, urinalysis and abdominal ultrasound was performed. Abnormalities were detected in kidneys, bladder and intestine. After clinical stabilization the patient was referred for hypospadias correction, penectomy and cryptorchidectomy. Clinical and surgical procedure was adequate, and improvement on score condition was observed.
Resposta imune-inflamatória a agentes infecciosos no microambiente hepático de cães e gatos: revisão
Authors: FERREIRA TÁRSSILA , Célia Sousa Nunes-Pinheiro2 DIANA
Published: October 2019

The liver is an organ of high exposure to circulating antigens, and its environment is populated by innate immune cells that readily respond to invading agents. However, an immune response to infectious agents might trigger an imbalance in the mechanisms of tolerance, leading to a state of oxidative stress, which favors tissue damage and might cause systemic repercussions. It is worth noting that some parasitic diseases such as anaplasmosis, babesiosis, clonorchiasis, heartworm disease, ehrlichiosis, histoplasmosis and platinossomiasis may cause dysregulation in oxidation mechanisms inducing hepatic alterations. In this sense, this review focuses on the cellular mechanisms of liver immune response in homeostasis and progression of hepatic disorders that are associated with immunopathogenesis of some parasitic diseases that affect dogs and cats.
Determination of validity of the biotesting method of environmental factors in experiments with the use of biological preparations on the basis of Bacillus subtillis and natural zeolite
Authors: Garipova R.F. , Stolpovsky A.E.
Published: October 2019

Approbation of a new method of soil fertility testing is given in the article. To identify the biological activity of soils, it is proposed to take into account the morphometric reactions of the phytotest and to compare them with the normal mathematical distribution characteristic of the rate of reaction of a plant population homogeneous in genotype against stable cultivation conditions. Seeds of Triticum durum are used as a test object. The soils processed by biological preparations: Flora-with, Fitop-Floras in a combination with natural zeolites were tested. A hypothesis is put forward: factors that cause the normalization of the distribution of morphometric characteristics of seedlings in the phytotest contribute to the conservation of the gene pool and the full realization of the reproductive potential of the population. The new testing method is based on the use of the authorial computer matrix based on MS Excel and statistical criteria. The validity of the method was determined by the correlation of ranks obtained by summarizing the signs of optimization of cultivation conditions in laboratory and field experiments. The article points out high validity of the method, and the statistical indicators that allow an objective assessment of the mathematical characteristics of the plant population.
Soluciones al sufrimiento de los oprimidos: De la Revolución Cultural a la Evolución Cultural
Authors: Basu Ratan Lal
Published: October 2019

En este artículo consideramos el concepto de la Revolución Cultural desde una perspectiva no convencional y enfatizamos que, en lo que respecta al concepto básico, la Revolución Cultural tiene especial relevancia para la sociedad moderna y puede concebirse como un esfuerzo colectivo para asegurar la elevación de la mente humana y las modalidades psíquicas como un todo. Nos esforzamos por resaltar la correspondencia del concepto de la Revolución Cultural con dos formas casi similares de profundización en las causas de las enfermedades que aquejan a la sociedad humana desde tiempos inmemoriales. La primera comparación se hace con los puntos de vista del filósofo moral y economista Adam Smith, que divide los sentimientos humanos en dos categorías principales, a saber: elementos más nobles y elementos más básicos y atribuye todas las enfermedades de la sociedad humana al último grupo de sentimientos. La segunda posición corresponde a la antigua filosofía india sankhya, que clasifica los modos de vida humanos en tres categorías: tamasika, rajasika y satvika, y mantiene los últimos dos modos responsables de todas las enfermedades que afligen la vida humana. Sin embargo, ni la filosofía de Smith ni la sankhya proporcionan ninguna guía para la transición eficaz de la psiquis humana al fin deseado. En este contexto el concepto de Revolución Cultural se vuelve relevante. El concepto, interpretado desde un punto de vista radicalmente diferente de la interpretación maoísta, y, por lo tanto, concebido como un proceso evolutivo en lugar de una revolución destructiva, puede permitirnos diseñar un proceso viable de transición de valores humanos y psíquicos desde los puntos de vista de Smith y la filosofía sankhya.
EDITORIAL VOL. 4 (2) 2019 – Cambio a publicación continua, políticas de revisión, artículos en EPUB y presentación del número
Authors: Gómez Oscar R.
Published: October 2019

En este editorial, además de los artículos de este número, presentamos algunos cambios y logros obtenidos en el semestre abril-septiembre como producto de nuestra gestión. Entre los cambios agregamos el formato EPUB a nuestros artículos, resolvimos cambiar a la modalidad de publicación continua –desde ahora los artículos se reciben, se evalúan y se publican de inmediato, en caso de ser aceptados– y sumamos, además, compensación económica al crédito académico para nuestros revisores externos. Logramos también una última alianza estratégica con la plataforma de publicación internacional para ciencia, tecnología, medicina, educación y literatura de la Federación Rusa. Esto permite a nuestra revista, y a nuestros autores, estar en dicha plataforma con la totalidad del material publicado llevando, con esta nueva alianza, al mayor límite posible nuestra función de promover efectivamente las publicaciones científicas a una gran audiencia garantizando un alto grado de visibilidad de los artículos nacionales a nivel internacional.
Religiosidad y espiritualidad en el marco del modelo de los cinco factores de la personalidad
Authors: Simkin Hugo , Rubio Pablo , Di Puglia Gabriela , Preuss Maximiliano
Published: October 2019

A pesar de que el vínculo entre la espiritualidad y los rasgos de la personalidad fue intensamente indagado en la literatura académica en los últimos años –particularmente en el marco del modelo y la teoría de los cinco factores de la personalidad, no existen trabajos de revisión que permitan sintetizar el estado del arte respecto de esta relación. Por este motivo, el propósito del presente trabajo es revisar los estudios que se proponen indagar los constructos numinosos en atención a las diferencias individuales a partir de una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía en las bases de datos PsycInfo, ERIC, Pubmed, CAIRN, CLASE, Scielo, Dialnet, Lilacs y Redalyc. De acuerdo con la revisión, si bien existe una considerable disparidad de resultados, generalmente se han reportado asociaciones positivas entre estos constructos y la apertura, la responsabilidad, la  extroversión, y la amabilidad, y negativas con el neuroiticismo. Se concluye que la discrepancia en los resultados respondería a la multiplicidad de técnicas de evaluación disímiles empleadas para relevar la espiritualidad y la religiosidad.
高等音乐院校中艺术实践的价值与实施方法——以天津音乐学院作曲专业为例
Authors: 陈 凌
Published: October 2019

艺术实践是高等音乐院校中的关键性环节,通过这一实践,能够对学生的综合素养进行检验,同时也能够从侧面凸显院校的教学管理水平,本文主要对高等音乐院校中作曲专业艺术实践的价值和实践方法进行了研究。
英语特岗教师实践性知识调查研究——以滇东北地区为例
Authors: 钱 晓虹
Published: October 2019

教师实践性知识是教师专业发展的基础。近年来,对教师实践性知识研究呈上升之势,但对特岗教师实践性知识的研究极为鲜见,特别是对英语特岗教师实践性知识的研究。本文通过对滇东北地区英语特岗教师的问卷调查,分析其实践性知识的现状,分析存在的问题并提出建议。
新媒体环境下高职院校思想政治教育教学工作研究
Authors: 李 阳荣
Published: October 2019

要认清新媒体时代为高职院校思想政治教育教学工作带来的诸多机遇和挑战,实现新媒体与高职院校思想政治教育教学工作的深度融合,让新媒体成为高职院校网络思想政治教育教学工作的重要武器。笔者认为高职院校可从以下方面努力：努力构建新时期高校思想政治教育工作队伍,打造新媒体高职院校思想政治教育平台,运用新媒体技术创新思想政治理论课教育教学方法,发挥学生主体性作用,营造文明有序的新媒体背景下的校园文化环境。
体育课程改革之教学与教研
Authors: 刘 伟德
Published: October 2019

体育教研是一项重要的工作,直接影响学校体育各方面的工作。无论是学校的体育教学工作,还是学校的体育比赛活动等,都离不开体育教研。传统体育教学和研究活动的统一性和陈旧性直接影响着现阶段体育课堂教学的质量,严重制约了体育教师的专业成长。在新的课程背景下,提高教学和科研的有效性是亟待解决的问题。本文主要阐述了如何提高课堂教学效果以及如何提高体育教学和研究成果的一系列探索和实践。
基于岗位胜任能力研究“岗位对接”教学模式——以《商务谈判与推销》课程为例
Authors: 邓 建兵
Published: October 2019

《商务谈判与推销》课程是市场营销专业的核心课程之一,商务谈判与推销是高职市场营销专业学生在未来岗位中的重要能力。本文阐述了一般的岗位胜任能力的基本特征,论述了基于岗位胜任力的商务谈判与推销的教学内容、教学实施特征、教学实施策略。希望通过对“岗位对接”教学模式的研究与实践,寻求改变商务谈判与推销课程的教学模式,突出能力培养,提高学生的就业竞争力,以此能够继续深化教学改革。
互联网+背景下高校基层党建工作品牌化建设的探索与实践
Authors: 蒋 亚莉
Published: October 2019

本文以互联网+背景下的高校基层党建工作为研究对象,围绕其新时代下的品牌化发展之路展开探究。通过对高校基层党建工作品牌化建设中遇到各项难题,详细介绍了互联网+背景下高校基层党建工作品牌化建设具体的实践策略,以此来帮助高校基层党组织做好党建品牌化建设,并充分发挥高校基层党组织的带头作用,促进高校教育工作的有效开展。
高校境外办学问题及对策研究
Authors: 尹 昉
Published: October 2019

随着我国综合国力的不断提升,教育国际化的不断推进,越来越多的高校选择“走出去”,开展境外办学,境外办学逐渐成为我国高等教育国际化办学的重要形式。但目前我国高校境外办学普遍存在缺乏政策保障、学科专业设置不合理、海外分校定位不明确等问题。为尽快解决这些问题,国家应该尽快出台与境外办学现状相适应的相关政策法规,高校也应提高站位,明确办学定位,优化学科专业设置,使高校的境外办学真正做到“走得出、留得住、办得好”。
全民健身视域下湖南省足球裁判员培养分析与对策研究
Authors: 刚 良 , 柳 帅
Published: October 2019

近年来,在我国社会主义市场经济蓬勃发展的巨大推动作用下,我国体育事业逐渐迎来了快速发展的阶段。尤其是在国家全民健身运动的倡导下,足球作为最受我国大众喜爱的一项体育运动,更是呈现出了良好的发展趋势。本文以足球裁判员培养为研究对象,就全民健身视域下湖南省足球裁判员培养情况展开探讨。
Pengaruh Perusahan Mebel Terhadap Perekonomian di Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Sjahrain Usman Musa
Published: October 2019

This article aims to determine the effect on the economy of the furniture company in Gorontalo regency. To analyze this article, using a multiple linear regression method. Through multiple linear regression that capital factor (X1), technology (X2) and raw materials (X3) used furniture (X) together (simultaneously) very significant influence on the Economy particularly Income (Y). Statistics prove the suitability of this model F dual independent test: F2hit = 7.99> Fdaf = 2.89, the hypothesis H1 is accepted on the real level = 0.05 or 5% gave a very significant effect on test results. Double determination coefficient: R2 = 0.6820 or 68.20%. This means that 68.20 percent of the variation of income (Y) can be explained by the capital factor (X1), technology and raw materials (X3) together (simultaneously) used a furniture company (X). Separately simple linear regression analysis that capital factor (X1) used furniture (X) has a very significant influence on the Economy particularly Income (Y). This model is proven by independent testing F1 statistics: Fdaf = 0.30 > F1hit = 0.24 H1 hypothesis is accepted on a real level = 0.05 or 5% gave a very significant effect on test results. The field data show a furniture company in Luwoo village made to do a variety of production, using a workforce of 203 people or 8.90 percent. The average income ranges from 60.000 IDR  to 100,000 IDR  per day.
PEMBUATAN BIOGAS DARI BERBAGAI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Irvan  , Irma Suraya  , Hari Tiarasti  , Bambang Trisakti  , Rosdanelli Hasibuan  , Yoshimasa Tomiuchi
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Fe level as trace metal on the quantity of biogas produced from the fermentation of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Materials used in this study included POME from one of the palm oil factories belong to PTPN IV, hydrochloric acid, sodium bicarbonate, and trace metal. Observed variables were volume of biogas, concentration of Fe in fermentor, rate of degradation total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS), and CO2at Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) 6 days. Before HRT of 6 days reached, initial trace metal composition of Fe added were 25.2 mg / L, Co 0.42 mg / L and Ni 0.49 mg/ L. After that, composition of trace metal were consisted only Co and Ni. The results of this study showed that Fe as a trace metal did not affect the production or quantity of biogas and concentration Fe on level > 330 mg/L decreased the value of CH4, total solid (TS) and  volatil solid (VS). Thus, Fe in the trace metal is no longer required if there is a high content of Fe in POME because it can be toxic for microorganism in the fermentation of biogas.
PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI TERHADAP PERSENTASE PENYISIHAN PADATAN TERSUSPENSI TOTAL (TSS) CAMPURAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAPIOKA DENGAN AIR
Authors: Wan Rizki Ansari  , Umayi Belladiana  , Setiaty Pandia
Published: October 2019

The waste water of tapioca is the waste produced from the washing process raw materials, screening cassava porridge (extraction) and starch sediment containing organic compounds which are still important, especially starch and other compounds that can be used as raw material for the manufacture of bio gas. This study aimed to determine the effect of  fermentation time on the elimination percentage of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) using batch anaerobic digester system. Research was carried out by mixing the liquid waste of tapioca industry with water in the ratio 100:0; 85:15; 65:35; 50:50;35:65, and 15:85 (v/v) with starterin an anaerobic digester system batch in which neutral pH of the mixture was set. Parameter observed was the content of Total Suspended Solid. Percentage of elimination of Total Suspended Solid was reached at the rasio of liquid waste to water 100:0 (v/v) with the optimal value of 89.851% on the 21th day.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN AKTIVATOR ZnCl2, KOH, DAN H3PO4 DALAM PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI PELEPAH AREN (Arenga Pinnata)
Authors: Marina Olivia Esterlita  , Netti Herlina
Published: October 2019

This research aimed to determine the effect of carbonization temperature and activator agent in making activated carbon, and also determine the optimum temperature, and best activator agent. The raw material used is kind of lignocellulosic like palm frond. The palm fronds cleaned and chopped, then it soaked in each activator solution include KOH, ZnCl2, and H3PO4 at room temperature for 24 hours. After that, palm fronds carbonized in the furnace at a temperature of 4000C, 5000C, and 6000C in 1 hour. Carbon washed by aquadest until its netral, after that calculated the yield of charcoal, moisture content, and absorption ability of the iodine solution. The highest yield obtained in the activated carbon which impregnated by ZnCl2 at the temperature 4000C which is 82,04%. The best water content of activated carbon obtained in the activated carbon impregnated by H3PO4 of 6% which is the lowest one. Activated carbon which has the largest number of iodine absorption was also obtained on the active carbon carbonized at a temperature of 5000C and activated by H3PO4 which is 767.745 mg iodine / g of activated carbon, and the value is in compliance with SNI.
PENGARUH PELARUT KLOROFORM DALAM PEMURNIAN GLISEROL DENGAN PROSES ASIDIFIKASI ASAM KLORIDA
Authors: Windi Monica Surbakti  , Gerson Rico M.H  , Mersi Suriani Sinaga
Published: October 2019

Glycerol as a byproduct of biodiesel production was approximately formed 10% of the biodiesel weight. Impurities which contained in the glycerol such as catalyst, soap, methanol, water, salt, and matter organic non glycerol (MONG) have a significant effect on the glycerol concentration. So, it is necessary to treat the impurities. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of chloroform to glycerol purification process with acidification method using hydrochloric acid as pretreatment process. This research was begun with acid addition to the glycerol to neutralize the base content and to split the soap content into free fatty acid and salt, that are more easily separated from glycerol. Then the process was continued with extraction by the solvent chloroform using the variable of test volume ratio (v/v) (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2)  and the extraction time (20, 40, and 60 minutes). The results showed that the more volume of solvent used, gave less extraction time to produce high purity of glycerol. The highest purity produced in this study amounted to 90,9082% is obtained at the ratio of the volume solvent (v/v) 1:1 with extraction time 60 minutes.
PEMBUATAN ADSORBEN DARI KULIT BATANG JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L.) UNTUK MENJERAP LOGAM TEMBAGA (Cu) DAN NIKEL (Ni) PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PELAPISAN LOGAM
Authors: Setiaty Pandia  , Muhammad Ferdiyansyah  , Febri Maihendra
Published: October 2019

This research aims to study the effect of adsorption time, adsorption temperature, pH, and the ratio of raw materials with nitric acid in the manufacture of bark guava adsorbent in reducing the metals content of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni)  in the metal wastewater industry. Materials used include, among others, industrial metal coating wastes, guava stem bark, nitric acid, and aquadest. Initially the bark of guava stalk was cleansed and mashed 70-80 size, then activated with 4 N nitric acid (HNO3) solution with a variation in the ratio of bark the guava : nitric acid is 1:1; 1:2; and 1;3 g/mL were heated at 80oC for 120 minutes. The adsorbent is then dried in the oven at 110oC for 120 minutes. Adsorbent with the highest iodine number analysis results was used in the adsorption process of Cu (II) Ni(II) metals, wherein the adsorbent massused was 2 grams in 150 ml of metallic industry liquid waste, 70 rpm stirrer speed, variation of adsorption times are 60, 90, and 120 minutes, variation of adsorption temperatures are 35oC, 45oC, and 55oC, and variation of adsorption pH are 2, 7, and 12. The result showed that the ratio of bark of guava stem: the best nitric acid was 1: 3 g/mL with iodine number of 313,020 mg/g. Based on Liquid Waste Quality Standard for Industrial Activity (KepMen LH 51/1995), the copper and nickel content in liquid waste should not exceed 3 mg/L and 3 mg/L for metal coating industry. From the results of adsorption process that has been done, got the optimum condition of adsorption of copper metal that is at 60 minutes, temperature 35oC, and pH 7 and obtained the efficiency of adsorption equal to 69,1540%, and nickel metal that is at 60 minutes, temperature 35oC, and pH 7and obtained the efficiency of adsorption equal to 75,1700%, where the result of adsorption the Cu2+ and Ni2+ metal ions are 2,8077 mg/L and 4,1100 mg/L.
EKSTRAKSI KALIUM DARI ABU KULIT BUAH KELAPA (Cocos Nucifera L.) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT AQUADEST
Authors: Gilang Ramadhan  , Lilis Sukeksi
Published: October 2019

In this research, the combustion process was performed conventionally by burning the dried coconut peel of 10 kg in a covered combustion barrel, equipped with a gauge thermometer and having been perforated for the oxygen entrance space for 3 hours with a combustion temperature ranging 500oC and produced ash of coconut peel as much as 1 kg. Extraction was performed by mixing biphasic system between coconut peel ash and aquadest solvent at stirring rate of 250 rpm, variation of time are 40 minutes, 80 minutes, 120 minutes, and 160 minutes with temperatures of 60oC and 80oC. Ash mass ratio: solvent are 5:50, 10:50, 15:50, and 20:50. Results showed that the geater the mass, temperature and extraction time, the higher concentration and pH of alkali extract will be obtained. The concentration and pH of the highest alkali extract were obtained at the ratio of the ash mass: the solvent was 20:50 for the extraction time of 160 minutes at a temperature of 80°C those are 0.775 N and 13.
EKSTRAKSI MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA MELATI: PENGARUH RASIO MASSA BUNGA MELATI DENGAN VOLUME PELARUT N-HEKSANA, WAKTU EKSTRAKSI, DAN TEMPERATUR EKSTRAKSI
Authors: Michael Dillo Rizki Ginting  , Febrina Iskandar  , Iriany  , Okta Bani
Published: October 2019

Jasmine flower (Jasminum sambac) contains essential oil compounds. Jasmine flower essential oil is a high-quality essential oil. Essential oils are volatile oils that have aroma similar to the original plant. Jasmine flower essential oil is sought due to its calming and anti-depression nature. In this study, the effect of extraction temperature, extraction time and solvent to jasmine flower ratio on jasmine oil was studied. The extraction was carried out at 30oC, 35oC, and 40oC for 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, and 5 hours by using n-hexane. The ratio of jasmine flower to n-hexanes were 1:3; 1:4; and 1:5 (w/v). Resulting jasmine oil was analyzed by GC-MS, and its quality was assessed according to SNI 06-2385-2006 which include colour test, refractive index analysis, acid number analysis, and ester number analysis. This experiment showed that increasing of extraction time, extraction temperature, and volume of solvent lead to increase of absolute yield of jasmine essential oil. The highest jasmine oil yield obtained at 11.69 %. The jasmine oil contained was 47.14 % benzyl acetate and had yellow color. Its refractive index, acid number, and ester number were 1.478, 20.92 mg KOH/gram jasmine essential oil, and 150.27 mg KOH/gram jasmine essential oil respectively.
Proses Ekstraksi Asam Asetat dari Distilat Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa Menggunakan Pelarut Etil Asetat
Authors: Faham Partogi Siregar Rory , Misran Erni , Tri Cahyadi Iman
Published: October 2019

Coconut shell is one of the most widely found biomass in Indonesia. It has potential to be utilized as raw material in producing liquid smoke. Liquid smoke is a distillate from pyrolysis of biomass. The distillate contains various compounds including acetic acid. This research is important to understand the effect of combined distillation and extraction  on liquid smoke purificatian in obtaining acetic acid. The variation of solvent to feed ratio (2:1, 4:1, 6:1, dan 8:1) and temperature of extraction (30, 50, dan 70 °C) to obtain yield, acetic acid content, pH, and density which is the best among those of possible variable given. The objective of distillation is to separate the components with high boiling points such as tar. The main purpose of extraction is acetic acid recovery in order to obtain higher content of acetic acid in extract. The solvent in the process of extracting acetic acid is ethyl acetate. GC-MS analysis was also performed on this research to show composition of acetic acid from liquid smoke, distillate, and extract, which are all the composition of polar organic are also shown.
Addiction, cronicità e Servizi per le Dipendenze
Authors: Acquaro Johnny , Bignamini Emanuele
Published: October 2019

L'addiction, come altre condizioni croniche, è una malattia multifattoriale. E' correlata a fattori biologici, comportamentali e ambientali e interseca diverse dimensioni che possono dar luogo a vere e proprie distruzioni di identità. L'articolo prende in analisi questi elementi sia in termini medici, sia intermini di carriera e considera il ruolo dei Servizi per le dipendenze in ordine a questa tematica. 