bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault-Tolerant Operation of Bosonic Qubits with Discrete-Variable Ancillae
Authors: Xu Qian , Zeng Pei , Xu Daohong , Jiang Liang
Published: July 2024

Fault-tolerant quantum computation with bosonic qubits often necessitates the use of noisy discrete-variable ancillae. In this work, we establish a comprehensive and practical fault-tolerance framework for such a hybrid system and synthesize it with fault-tolerant protocols by combining bosonic quantum error correction (QEC) and advanced quantum control techniques. We introduce essential building blocks of error-corrected gadgets by leveraging ancilla-assisted bosonic operations using a generalized variant of path-independent quantum control. Using these building blocks, we construct a universal set of error-corrected gadgets that tolerate a single-photon loss and an arbitrary ancilla fault for four-legged cat qubits. Notably, our construction requires only dispersive coupling between bosonic modes and ancillae, as well as beam-splitter coupling between bosonic modes, both of which have been experimentally demonstrated with strong strengths and high accuracy. Moreover, each error-corrected bosonic qubit is comprised of only a single bosonic mode and a three-level ancilla, featuring the hardware efficiency of bosonic QEC in the full fault-tolerant setting. We numerically demonstrate the feasibility of our schemes using current experimental parameters in the circuit-QED platform. Finally, we present a hardware-efficient architecture for fault-tolerant quantum computing by concatenating the four-legged cat qubits with an outer qubit code utilizing only beam-splitter couplings. Our estimates suggest that the overall noise threshold can be reached using existing hardware. These developed fault-tolerant schemes extend beyond their applicability to four-legged cat qubits and can be adapted for other rotation-symmetrical codes, offering a promising avenue toward scalable and robust quantum computation with bosonic qubits.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
A 1D imaging soft X-ray spectrometer for the small quantum systems instrument at the European XFEL
Authors: Agåker Marcus , Söderström Johan , Baumann Thomas M. , Englund Carl-Johan , Kjellsson Ludvig , Boll Rebecca , De Fanis Alberto , Dold Simon , Mazza Tommaso , Montaño Jacobo , Münnich Astrid , Mullins Terence , Ovcharenko Yevheniy , Rennhack Nils , Schmidt Philipp , Senfftleben Björn , Turcato Monica , Usenko Sergey , Meyer Michael , Nordgren Joseph , Rubensson Jan-Erik
Published: July 2024

A 1D imaging soft X-ray spectrometer installed on the small quantum systems (SQS) scientific instrument of the European XFEL is described. It uses movable cylindrical constant-line-spacing gratings in the Rowland configuration for energy dispersion in the vertical plane, and Wolter optics for simultaneous 1D imaging of the source in the horizontal plane. The soft X-ray fluorescence spectro-imaging capability will be exploited in pump–probe measurements and in investigations of propagation effects and other nonlinear phenomena.
Hirshfeld atom refinement and dynamical refinement of hexagonal ice structure from electron diffraction data
Authors: Chodkiewicz Michał Leszek , Olech Barbara , Jha Kunal Kumar , Dominiak Paulina Maria , Woźniak Krzysztof
Published: July 2024

Reaching beyond the commonly used spherical atomic electron density model allows one to greatly improve the accuracy of hydrogen atom structural parameters derived from X-ray data. However, the effects of atomic asphericity are less explored for electron diffraction data. In this work, Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR), a method that uses an accurate description of electron density by quantum mechanical calculation for a system of interest, was applied for the first time to the kinematical refinement of electron diffraction data. This approach was applied here to derive the structure of ordinary hexagonal ice (Ih). The effect of introducing HAR is much less noticeable than in the case of X-ray refinement and it is largely overshadowed by dynamical scattering effects. It led to only a slight change in the O—H bond lengths (shortening by 0.01 Å) compared with the independent atom model (IAM). The average absolute differences in O—H bond lengths between the kinematical refinements and the reference neutron structure were much larger: 0.044 for IAM and 0.046 Å for HAR. The refinement results changed considerably when dynamical scattering effects were modelled – with extinction correction or with dynamical refinement. The latter led to an improvement of the O—H bond length accuracy to 0.021 Å on average (with IAM refinement). Though there is a potential for deriving more accurate structures using HAR for electron diffraction, modelling of dynamical scattering effects seems to be a necessary step to achieve this. However, at present there is no software to support both HAR and dynamical refinement.
Exploring optimization strategies for support vector machine-based half-cell potential prediction
Authors: Pandey Shikha , Murthy Yogesh Iyer , Gandhi Sumit
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to assess support vector machine (SVM) models' predictive ability to estimate half-cell potential (HCP) values from input parameters by using Bayesian optimization, grid search and random search.

Design/methodology/approach

A data set with 1,134 rows and 6 columns is used for principal component analysis (PCA) to minimize dimensionality and preserve 95% of explained variance. HCP is output from temperature, age, relative humidity, X and Y lengths. Root mean square error (RMSE), R-squared, mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error, prediction speed and training time are used to measure model effectiveness. SHAPLEY analysis is also executed.

Findings

The study reveals variations in predictive performance across different optimization methods, with RMSE values ranging from 18.365 to 30.205 and R-squared values spanning from 0.88 to 0.96. Additionally, differences in training times, prediction speeds and model complexities are observed, highlighting the trade-offs between model accuracy and computational efficiency.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the understanding of SVM model efficacy in HCP prediction, emphasizing the importance of optimization techniques, model complexity and dimensionality reduction methods such as PCA.
Physically consistent temperature fields for geophysical inversion based on the parametrized location of an isotherm
Authors: Fernandez Mariano Tomás , Zlotnik Sergio , Diez Pedro
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a method for obtaining physically sound temperature fields to be used in geophysical inversions in the presence of immersed essential conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

The method produces a thermal field in agreement with a given location of the interface between the Lithosphere and Asthenosphere. It leverages the known location of the interface to enforce the location of a given isotherm while relaxing other constraints known with less precision. The method splits the domain: in the Lithosphere the solution is immediately obtained by standard procedures, while in the Asthenosphere a minimization problem is solved to fulfill continuity of temperatures (strongly imposed) and fluxes at the interface (weakly imposed).

Findings

The numerical methodology, based on the relaxation of the bottom fluxes, correctly recovers the thermal field in the complete domain. To obtain bottom fluxes following geophysical expected values, a constrained minimization strategy is required. The sensitivity of the method could be improved by relaxing other quantities such as lateral fluxes or mantle velocities.

Originality/value

A statement of the energy balance problem in terms of a known immersed condition is presented. A novel numerical procedure based on a domain-splitting strategy allows the solution of the problem. The procedure is tailored to be used within geophysical inversions and provides physically sound solutions.
How to successfully adapt distribution strategy in exporting? The moderating effects of commitment and responsiveness
Authors: Sousa Carlos M.P. , Ruzo-Sanmartín Emilio , Varela-Neira Concepción , Tan Qun
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Drawing on the resource-based view, this study examines the effect of distribution adaptation on export performance. The study also examines the moderating role of responsiveness and commitment. Two distinct factors for commitment (i.e. managerial export commitment and financial export commitment) and two distinct factors for responsiveness (i.e. export customer responsiveness and export competitor responsiveness) are considered as moderators in the relationship between distribution adaptation and export performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a Spanish governmental database of exporting firms, this study collected data from 208 firms to run the analysis.

Findings

The results indicate that distribution adaptation has a positive impact on export performance. Findings also support the moderating roles of the two types of commitment and the two types of responsiveness. Managerial export commitment positively moderates the relationship, whereas financial export commitment plays a negative moderating role. Both export customer responsiveness and export competitor responsiveness have a positive moderating impact.

Originality/value

To consider distribution adaptation as a distinct variable rather than mixing it with other elements of the marketing mix. This distinction facilitates a clearer comprehension of its unique contribution to export performance. Two distinct factors for commitment and two distinct factors for responsiveness are considered. This approach offers a more detailed analysis of how the different aspects of commitment and responsiveness moderate this relationship.
Digital shadows: analyzing factors influencing sentencing in child sexual abuse material (CSAM) cases
Authors: Choi Kyung-Shick , Chawki Mohamed , Basu Subhajit
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Exhibiting an unprecedented rate of advancement, technology’s progression over the past two decades has regrettably led to a disturbing increase in the distribution of child sexual abuse materials (CSAM) online. Compounded by the emergence of an underground cryptocurrency market, which serves as a primary distribution channel for these materials, the investigation and sanctioning of CSAM present a complex and unique set of challenges. The purpose of this study is to accurately diagnose the CSAM sentencing landscape and build a more comprehensive, evidence-based legal framework in penology.

Design/methodology/approach

The study collected and analyzed case details regarding CSAM sanctions in a database sourced from the US Department of Justice for 2020. Various factors were analyzed such as the victim’s age, offender typology and previous conviction, accompanied by an analysis of how these factors affect the sentence length.

Findings

The study found that the hierarchical agency-level interactions give insight into resource allocation prioritization, as well as confirming a close relationship between prior conviction history and sentence length, with the victim’s age inversely related to sentence length. Leveraging data-driven insights, the study paves the way for more targeted and effective sanctions, ultimately contributing to the broader goal of safeguarding children from online sexual exploitation.

Originality/value

The paper provides a critical analysis of the complex landscape surrounding CSAM distribution and judicial sentencing. By examining case details and leveraging data-driven insights, it offers valuable contributions to understanding the interplay between various factors such as victim age, offender typology and prior convictions on sentencing outcomes. This comprehensive approach not only sheds light on the dynamics of CSAM sanctions but also lays the groundwork for evidence-based legal frameworks in penology. Its originality lies in its nuanced examination of hierarchical agency interactions and its potential to inform more targeted interventions for safeguarding children from online exploitation.
Examining the ability of big data analytics to investigate financial reporting quality: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis
Authors: Aboelfotoh Ahmed , Zamel Ahmed Mohamed , Abu-Musa Ahmad A. , Frendy  , Sabry Sara H. , Moubarak Hosam
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the ability of big data analytics (BDA) to investigate financial reporting quality (FRQ), identify the knowledge base and conceptual structure of this research field and explore BDA techniques used over time.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a comprehensive bibliometric analysis approach (performance analysis and science mapping) using software packages, including Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. Multiple analyses are conducted, including authors, sources, keywords, co-citations, thematic evolution and trend topic analysis.

Findings

This study reveals that the intellectual structure of using BDA in investigating FRQ encompasses three clusters. These clusters include applying data mining to detect financial reporting fraud (FRF), using machine learning (ML) to examine FRQ and detecting earnings management as a measure of FRQ. Additionally, the results demonstrate that ML and DM algorithms are the most effective techniques for investigating FRQ by providing various prediction and detection models of FRF and EM. Moreover, BDA offers text mining techniques to detect managerial fraud in narrative reports. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence, deep learning and ML are currently trending methods and are expected to continue in the coming years.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the use of BDA in investigating FRQ.
Well! Fun forms and friendship uplift frontline employees' positive affect for workplace well-being in the hospitality industry
Authors: Suneera K.K. , Mavoothu D. , Sajid Muhammed
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to reveal the positive effects of workplace fun forms on employee positive affect state and workplace well-being. This study also aims to examine workplace friendship opportunity and workplace friendship prevalence in the context of fun events and workplace well-being.

Design/methodology/approach

The research model developed and tested with responses from 1,000 thousand Indian frontline employees of five-star hotels who have worked in the hospitality industry for at least two years and who have been exposed to fun committees at their workplace.

Findings

This study revealed that workplace fun forms are the main causes of employee positive affective reactions, and they have positive effects on frontline employees' positive affect. The study also found that fun activities, customer interaction with fun and manager support for fun as workplace events are strong proximal causes for forming positive affect when they have workplace friendship opportunity. Coworker socialization can induce employee positive affect in the workplace, even without the moderating effect of workplace friendship opportunity. Additionally, the positive effect of positive affect was found to be significant on workplace well-being.

Practical implications

Hospitality management is required to foster fun culture with fun activities, coworker socialization, manager support for fun and customer interaction with fun that enhance employee affective reactions to uplift employee positive affect state. This study also presents more interesting practical implications for practitioners and managers.

Originality/value

This study empirically tested deferential workplace fun forms on positive affect, and study provides novel insights into positive affect and workplace well-being. Four mediation mechanisms examined on fun forms and workplace well-being. Four moderating roles of workplace friendship opportunity tested on positive affect and fun events. Workplace friendship prevalence moderation on positive affect and workplace well-being helped to understand employee cognitive mechanism.
Enhancing supply chain agility through information systems artifacts and process standardization: an empirical assessment
Authors: Saeed Khawaja , Malhotra Manoj , Abdinnour Sue
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role that information systems (IS) artifacts (IS for automation and IS for analytics) and process standardization play in enhancing different dimensions of supply chain agility (SCA) (sensing, comprehending and responding).

Design/methodology/approach

Data collected through the survey approach was used to examine the research model. The results were analyzed based on regression analysis. Various tests were conducted to validate the results of the mediation hypotheses.

Findings

The results show that IS for analytics has a significant association with all dimensions of SCA and mediates the relationship between IS for automation and SCA’s sensing and comprehending dimensions. In addition, process standardization directly and uniquely influences the comprehending and responding dimensions of SCA.

Research limitations/implications

The assessment of the relationship between different IS features in the context of SCA enhancement contributes to theory development in the area of IS-enabled supply chains. Furthermore, investing in both process and IS-related initiatives offers unique value in the context of supply chains. The data collection approach limited us to a cross-sectional analysis, whereas longitudinal data could have offered deeper insights.

Practical implications

IS artifacts and process-based initiatives can be leveraged for organizational capability enhancement. Organizations that are vigilant, analysis driven and take quick actions, invest in IS-based tools that support analytics. The highest impact of these tools is visible in the enhancement of the comprehending dimension of SCA.

Originality/value

Prior research does not explicitly examine the interplay among the different IS artifacts. Furthermore, process-centric initiatives can also be used in conjunction with or as an alternative to IS-based initiatives. The originality of this work stems from jointly evaluating the role of IS artifacts and process standardization in making the supply chain more agile.
Fostering social enterprise innovativeness: the interplay of learning, market orientation and stakeholder engagement within a capability framework
Authors: Weerakoon Chamindika , McMurray Adela J.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Drawing on capability theory, this study aims to examine the interplay of learning orientation, market orientation and stakeholder engagement in fostering social enterprise innovativeness.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey of 1,044 Australian social enterprise executives and managers tested hypotheses in a mediated moderation model using structural equation modelling.

Findings

Nested model comparisons revealed key insights: market orientation partially mediates the relationship between learning commitment, open-mindedness and innovativeness. High stakeholder engagement hinders learning commitment’s effect on innovativeness while enhancing open-mindedness’ impact. Shared vision negatively affects innovativeness. Control variables highlight gender-based perceptions, with female executives viewing market orientation and innovativeness less favourably than male counterparts. This study underscores the importance of heightened market orientations in hostile business environments.

Research limitations/implications

Findings prompt further investigation into stakeholder engagement’s negative impact on learning commitment and shared vision’s effect on innovativeness. It is crucial to recognise gender perspectives in strategy and align internal practices with external conditions.

Originality/value

This study clarifies the interplay between learning orientation, market orientation and stakeholder engagement in fostering innovativeness amid contradictory findings. It advances social enterprise research by introducing a capability-based approach to cultivate innovativeness, challenging dominant customer-focused strategies to enhance organisational performance.
Fracture network characterization through fractal dimension and Gutenberg–Richter parameter: Decatur open‐source dataset as a study case
Authors: Pavez‐Orrego Claudia , Pastén Denisse , Estay Rodrigo
Published: July 2024

The fractal formalisms are well known for providing new understandings regarding the geometrical, spatial, and temporal behaviour of seismicity. Particularly, the fractal dimensions give information about the seismic events self‐organization and self‐similarity. On the other hand, the Gutenberg–Richter value, known as the b‐value, has shown through the years to give handy information regarding the statistical distribution of earthquakes, on‐site physical parameters, and geomechanical inputs. The Gutenberg–Richter value (b) and the capacity and correlation fractal dimensions, (D0 and D2), of the spatial distribution of earthquake hypocentres interact mathematically for micro‐ and macro‐events. From this interaction, it is possible to obtain new insights into the fracture network development and the microseismicity source characterization in terms of single fractures, fault planes, or densely fractured volumetric spaces. Here we show this interaction for the open‐source Decatur CO2 project seismicity catalogue, comparing it with the results obtained for a natural earthquake catalogue of Illinois, in the United States. The fractal dimension D0 is calculated using two different methodologies: box‐counting and correlation integral partitioning. This last method is also used to calculate D2. The results presented in this study allow us to describe how the fracture network geometry influences the earthquake complexity. Together with the calculation of the b‐value, we present clear indications which show that seismicity recorded in the Illinois tectonic environment partially follows the Aki relationship D0 ∼ 2b, which is not the case for induced events. In addition, the induced earthquake dataset shows that D2 > D0, an anomalous behaviour in terms of the fractal formalisms. All these facts might be used to establish spatial fracture network control techniques and seismicity‐type distinctions in CO2 injection sites located in highly active tectonic areas, respectively.
Introduction: Policing the Permacrisis
Authors: Bradford Ben , Jackson Jonathan , Taylor Emmeline
Published: July 2024

Against the backdrop of what seems like a perpetual cycle of crisis for policing in modern day England and Wales, this introduction synthesises some of the core challenges facing the police. A catalogue of crimes committed by serving officers, missed opportunities for reform, and a scathing review of the internal culture of the Metropolitan Police culminating in a recommendation for a ‘complete overhaul’, might initially leave some readers with the view that there is little hope for fixing an outdated and buckling police service. Yet this collection of articles, authored by academic experts, senior police—both current and former—and commentators, not only summarises some of the problems facing policing as the new Government beds in. The contributions also brim with a diverse set of ideas for changing policing for the better and rebuilding trust and confidence. We conclude with the idea that a fundamental review and reconceptualization of the police role, of the type that might be provided by a Royal Commission, is needed if we are to meet the challenges that lie ahead.
A preliminary survey of the cellular responses of the black fungus Cryomyces antarcticus to long and short‐term dehydration
Authors: Cassaro Alessia , D' Alò Federica , Pacelli Claudia , Cavalazzi Barbara , Zucconi Laura , Onofri Silvano
Published: July 2024

The McMurdo Dry Valleys in Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, are known for their extreme aridity, cold, and nutrient‐poor conditions. These valleys provide a valuable comparison to environments on Mars. The survival of microorganisms in these areas hinges on their ability to withstand dehydration due to the limited availability of liquid water. Some microorganisms have adapted to survive extended periods of metabolic inactivity and dehydration, a physiological response to the harsh conditions in which they exist. This adaptation is significant for astrobiology studies as it allows for testing the resilience of microorganisms under extraterrestrial conditions, exploring the boundaries and potential for life beyond Earth. In this study, we examined the survivability, metabolic activity, cellular membrane integrity, and ultrastructural damage of Cryomyces antarcticus, a eukaryotic organism used for astrobiological studies, following two dehydration processes. We conducted a fast dehydration process, simulating what happens on the surface of Antarctic rocks under typical environmental conditions, and a slow dehydration process, which is commonly used in astrobiological experiments. Our findings revealed a higher percentage of damaged cells following slow dehydration treatments, confirming that rapid dehydration reflects the adaptability of microorganisms to respond to sudden and drastic changes in the Antarctic environment.
The Russia–Ukraine war, the evolving global order, the Global South and emergence of non‐alignment 2.0
Authors: Verma Raj , Brosig Malte
Published: July 2024

The conclusion to the special section argues that the Russia‐Ukraine war has led to the emergence of non‐alignment 2.0 in the Global South because the Cold War era non‐alignment is anachronistic in the current/emerging world order. Non‐alignment 2.0 is characterised by countries exercising strategic autonomy to maximise their geo‐economic, geopolitical and geostrategic interests. They are neither aligned with the West nor with non‐western powers forming a strategic alliance. Consequently, they have been unwilling to choose a side in the Russia‐Ukraine war. In non‐alignment 2.0, states in the Global South will be critical of both the West and non‐western powers including China and Russia if they are unable to provide effective solutions to their problems and will create/provide their own norms and establish their own institutions to solve the problems facing these countries. Non‐alignment 2.0 lacks coherence because it is unable to provide an effective political and economic path.
First‐attempt awake tracheal intubation success rate using a hyperangulated unchannelled videolaryngoscope vs. a channelled videolaryngoscope in patients with anticipated difficult airway: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Taboada Manuel , Fernández Jorge , Estany‐Gestal Ana , Vidal Inma , Dos Santos Laura , Novoa Carmen , Pérez Alejandra , Segurola Javier , Franco Edgar , Regueira Julia , Mirón Paula , Sotojove Rosa , Cortiñas Julio , Cariñena Agustín , Peiteado Marcos , Rodríguez Alfonso , Seoane‐Pillado Teresa
Published: July 2024

Introduction

There is uncertainty about the optimal videolaryngoscope for awake tracheal intubation in patients with anticipated difficult airway. The use of channelled and unchannelled videolaryngoscopy has been reported, but there is a lack of evidence on which is the best option.

Methods

We conducted a randomised clinical trial to compare the efficacy of the C‐MAC D‐Blade® vs. Airtraq® in adult patients (aged ≥ 18 y) scheduled for elective or emergency surgery under general anaesthesia with anticipated difficult airway who required awake tracheal intubation under local anaesthesia and conscious sedation. The primary endpoint was the first‐attempt tracheal intubation success rate. Secondary outcomes included the overall success rate; number of tracheal intubation attempts; Cormack and Lehane glottic view; level of difficulty (visual analogue score); patient discomfort (visual analogue score); and incidence of complications.

Results

Ninety patients (70/90 male (78%); mean (SD) age 65 (12) y) with anticipated difficult airways were randomly allocated to C‐MAC D‐Blade or Airtraq videolaryngoscopy. First‐attempt successful tracheal intubation rate was higher in patients allocated to the C‐MAC D‐Blade group compared with those allocated to the Airtraq group (38/45 (84%) vs. 28/45 (62%), respectively; p = 0.006). The proportion of patients' tracheas that were intubated at the second and third attempt was 4/45 (9%) and 3/45 (7%) in those allocated to the C‐MAC D‐Blade group compared with 14/45 (31%) and 1/45 (2%) in those allocated to the Airtraq group (p = 0.006). There was no significant difference in overall tracheal intubation success rate (C‐MAC D‐Blade group 45/45 (100%) vs. Airtraq group 43/45 (96%), p = 0.494).

Discussion

In patients with anticipated difficult airway, first‐attempt awake tracheal intubation success rate was higher with the C‐MAC D‐Blade compared with Airtraq laryngoscopy. No difference was found between the two videolaryngoscopes in overall tracheal intubation success rate.
Pre‐clinical and early clinical considerations for the development of non‐hormonal contraceptives for men
Authors: Johnston Daniel S.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

This manuscript presents non‐hormonal male contraceptive development in the context of mitigating risk to investigators and investors.

Objective

The manuscript uses examples to illustrate drug development principles to move a project from discovery to development. The content is intended for those with reproductive biology backgrounds without significant exposure to drug development—particularly early‐stage targeted drug development—and those with general interest in developing non‐hormonal methods of contraception.

Conclusion

The goal of issues addressed in this manuscript is to facilitate the advancement of innovative male contraceptives into late‐stage clinical trials, while keeping in mind early recognition of program deficiencies and development of mitigation strategies, or reassignment of limited, valuable resources.
An exploration of cooperative stakeholder engagement and risk‐taking behavior in privately held family firms
Authors: Youm Yoo Na , Griffin Jennifer J. , Bryant Andrew
Published: July 2024

This study explores the impact of cooperative engagement with nonfamily employees, consumers, and communities on risk‐taking behavior of privately held, long‐lived family firms. We posit that cooperative relations can build and reinforce connectedness among the family and nonfamily stakeholders which, in turn, can lead to increased risk‐taking. More specifically, the increased stability from widespread cooperative nonfamily engagement will positively moderate risk‐taking behavior by amplifying the influence of family involvement in privately held family firms. Using a unique survey of long‐lived, privately held family firms, we find support for our hypotheses: cooperative engagement interacts with the essence of family involvement to amplify risk‐taking. This study contributes to the stakeholder engagement and family firm literatures and offers managerial and policy implications by underscoring the benefits of cooperative engagement as it enhances risk‐taking of family firms, a precursor of growth.
Union decline through extension of collective agreements?
Authors: Flaarønning Trond
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the effects of the mandatory extension of collective agreements on union membership. This relationship is investigated using a difference‐in‐differences framework on the staggered industry‐ and county‐wide introduction of mandatory extension in Norway from 2005 to 2011. The introduction of mandatory extension was championed by labour and social partners and motivated by the EU enlargement of 2004 in response to increasing labour immigration. However, mandatory extension could lead to lower union membership through free‐rider behaviour. It is therefore a question of whether the cure is worse than the problem it is supposed to solve. The results show that mandatory extension had an overall negative effect on union density in the affected industries of about −2.7 percentage points. The effect varies between the different industries but is never positive. These findings give credence to the free‐rider hypothesis, where mandatory extension is expected to lead to lower union density because there is less incentive to become a union member when workers can obtain the benefits of the collective agreement without paying the union dues. In line with the theoretical expectations, the effect is stronger where the gap between collective wage and non‐union wage is largest. However, negative effects are also present where this wage gap is small, showing that the results are valid in different contexts.
Classification systems for chronic pelvic pain in males: a systematic review
Authors: Cyr Marie‐Pierre , Nahon Irmina , Worman Rachel , Cowley David , Hodges Paul W.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To systematically review the classification systems for male chronic pelvic pain (CPP).

Methods

The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), and Web of Science were searched. Any publication, with no restriction to publication date, was eligible. Publications had to propose a classification system for CPP in males or provide additional information of a system that had been identified. Systems were assessed with an adapted Critical Appraisal of Classification Systems tool.

Results

A total of 33 relevant publications were identified, with 22 proposing an original classification system. Systems aimed to: (i) diagnose CPP and/or differentially diagnose CPP from other conditions, (ii) differentially diagnose subtypes within CPP, or (iii) identify features that could inform underlying mechanisms and/or treatment selection. Conditions referred to as chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome were most represented. Clinical signs/symptoms, pathoanatomical investigations, and presumed pain mechanisms were used for classification. Quality of systems was low to moderate, implying limitations to consider for their interpretation.

Conclusions

Many classification systems for CPP in males exist. Careful consideration of their intended purpose is required. Future work should examine whether outcomes for patients are improved when decisions are guided by their use.
Quercetin and taxifolin inhibits TMPRSS2 activity and its interaction with EGFR in paclitaxel‐resistant breast cancer cells: An in silico and in vitro study
Authors: Kundrapu Durga Bhavani , Chaitanya Amajala Krishna , Manaswi Kothapalli , Kumari Seema , Malla RamaRao
Published: July 2024

Transmembrane protease/serine (TMPRSS2), a type II transmembrane serine protease, plays a crucial role in different stages of cancer. Recent studies have reported that the triggering epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation through protease action promotes metastasis. However, there are no reports on the interaction of TMPRSS2 with EGFR, especially in triple‐negative triple negative (TNBC). The current study investigates the unexplored interaction between TMPRSS2 and EGFR, which are key partners mediating metastasis. This interaction is explored for potential targeting using quercetin (QUE) and taxifolin (TAX). TMPRSS2 expression patterns in breast cancer (BC) tissues and subtypes have been predicted, with the prognostic significance assessed using the GENT2.0 database. Validation of TMPRSS2 expression was performed in normal and TNBC tissues, including drug‐resistant cell lines, utilizing GEO datasets. TMPRSS2 was further validated as a predictive biomarker for FDA‐approved chemotherapeutics through transcriptomic data from BC patients. The study demonstrated the association of TMPRSS2 with EGFR through in silico analysis and validates the findings in TNBC cohorts using the TIMER2.0 web server and the TCGA dataset through C‐Bioportal. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies identified QUE and TAX as best leads targeting TMPRSS2. They inhibited cell‐free TMPRSS2 activity like clinical inhibitor of TMPRSS2, Camostat mesylate. In cell‐based assays focused on paclitaxel‐resistant TNBC (TNBC/PR), QUE and TAX demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against extracellular and membrane‐bound TMPRSS2, with low IC50 values. Furthermore, ELISA and cell‐based AlphaLISA assays demonstrated that QUE and TAX inhibit the interaction of TMPRSS2 with EGFR. Additionally, QUE and TAX exhibited significant inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle accompanied by notable alterations in the morphology of TNBC/PR cells. This study provides valuable insights into potential of QUE and TAX targeting TMPRSS2 overexpressing TNBC.
Epilepsy due to potential loss of ATP6V1B2 function with mechanistic insight by a Drosophila Vha55 model
Authors: Sheng Wenchao , Wang Ping , Cai Yingzi , Zhai Chaojun , Wang Hong , Zhou Feiyu , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Leyi , Li Dong , Shu Jianbo , Cai Chunquan
Published: July 2024

ATP6V1B2 encodes the subunit of the vacuolar H+‐ATPase, which is an enzyme responsible for the acidification of intracellular organelles and essential for cell signaling and neurotransmitter release. The aim of the study is to identify the correlation between ATP6V1B2 and epilepsy. Trio‐exome sequencing was performed. Reverse Transcription‐PCR and Quantitative real‐time PCR analyses were carried out to determine whether this variant leads to nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Drosophila models with knocked‐down homologous genes of ATP6V1B2 were generated to study the causal relationship between the ATP6V1B2 and the phenotype of epilepsy. We described a 5‐year‐old male with a novel variant c.1163delT(p.Tyr389IlefsTer13) in ATP6V1B2, who presented with epilepsy. The expression level of the premature termination codon (PTC) transcript was normal in the patient, which indicated that NMD evasion existed in the PTC transcript. We generated an animal model using Drosophila to study the knock down effects of Vha55, which is the ATP6V1B2 ortholog in fly. The Vha55 knockdown flies show seizure‐like behaviors and climbing defects. This study expands the variation spectrum of the ATP6V1B2 gene. Cross‐species animal model demonstrates the causal relationship between ATP6V1B2 defect and epilepsy, and shed new insights into the disease mechanism caused by ATP6V1B2 LOF variants.
Bovine‐originated xenografts versus synthetic bone grafting materials in lateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guo Tianqi , Gu Yingxin , Zhang Xiao , Ding Xinxin , Zhang Xiaomeng , Zhu Yu , Mo Jiaji , Shi Junyu , Lai Hongchang
Published: July 2024

Aims

This study aimed to systematically compare the patients undergoing lateral MSFA therapies utilizing bovine‐originated xenografts versus varied synthetic bone grafting materials.

Methods

Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched up to April 2023, compensated by a manual search in selected journals. Studies reporting histological outcomes (residual bone graft, newly formed bone, non‐mineralized tissue) and clinical outcomes (implant survival, ISQ value) were included. Several analyses were performed, including meta‐analysis, sensitivity study, and Egger's regression tests.

Results

Sixteen clinical/randomized control trials were included in this systematic review, among which 12 were enrolled in a meta‐analysis. The percentage of newly formed bone within the grafted sinuses by hybrid HA/TCP was significantly higher than those by xenografts (WMD 2.85, 95%CI [0.72; 4.99]), but those grafted by pure HA (WMD −1.72, 95%CI [−3.15; −0.29]) or TCP (WMD −7.10, 95%CI [−13.02; −1.17]) were significantly lower than xenograft counterparts. The residual bone graft and non‐mineralized tissue yielded by synthetic HA, TCP, and HA/TCP showed no significant differences with the xenograft group.

Conclusion

The chemistry of grafted bone substitutes in lateral MSFA influenced the quantity of newly formed bone. Those grafted with hybrid HA/TCP yielded the highest amount of new bone compared to bovine‐originated HA. However, this influence was not significant on residual bone graft and non‐mineralized tissue.
The Prognostic Value of Active Otitis Media on Tympanoplasty Success Rate—A Systematic Review
Authors: Namba Hanae Fumiyo , Plug Mariëlle Bernadette , Smit Adriana Leni
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The aim is to investigate the influence of an active otitis media on the success rate of tympanoplasty in patients with a chronic otitis media (COM) and a tympanic membrane perforation.

Databases Reviewed

PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library.

Methods

The inclusion criteria were studies on closure rates of tympanoplasty performed in COM patients of any age with a tympanic membrane perforation caused by COM. The exclusion criteria were studies on patients undergoing concomitant mastoidectomy, ossicular chain reconstruction, tuboplasty, adenoidectomy, revision tympanoplasty, patients with perforations due to other conditions than COM, and letters to editors, commentaries, conference abstracts and case reports. The included articles were critically appraised using the QUIPS tool. Data on tympanic membrane closure rate were extracted, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the closure rate with a wet versus a dry ear were calculated.

Results

The search was performed on 1 February 2023. Of 4671 articles, 16 studies were included and critically appraised. Of these observational studies (nine prospective, seven retrospective), with a total of 1509 patients (dry ear group n = 1003; wet ear group n = 506), two studies stated a significant difference in success rate, one in favour of a dry ear and one in favour of a wet ear at time of surgery. All other studies did not show a statistically significant difference. Overall, the risk of bias was considered moderate to high.

Conclusions

We found no significant prognostic value of having an active otitis media during tympanoplasty on tympanic membrane closure rates. Because the overall risk of bias was considered moderate to high, no strong conclusions can be made. To be able to answer this question with higher levels of evidence, high‐quality prospective or randomized studies are needed.
Lexical and Social Effects on the Learning and Integration of Inflectional Morphology
Authors: Rácz Péter , Lukács Ágnes
Published: July 2024

People learn language variation through exposure to linguistic interactions. The way we take part in these interactions is shaped by our lexical representations, the mechanisms of language processing, and the social context. Existing work has looked at how we learn and store variation in the ambient language. How this is mediated by the social context is less understood.

We report on the results of an innovative experimental battery designed to test how learning variation is affected by a variable's social indexicality. Hungarian native speakers played a co‐operative game involving verb nonwords. These were built on existing inflectional variation in Hungarian. Participant behavior shifted in response to an automated co‐player's preferences, and this reflected a change in the overall lexical patterns of the players, affected by the particular verbs introduced by the co‐player. Patterns persisted in subsequent testing. Learning was similar for variables with or without social meaning.

Results show that participants can learn and retain a range of variable morphological patterns in a simulated interaction. Participants seem to have equal capacity to pick up variables with and without social meaning. This suggests that the social meaning of a pattern does not clearly constrain learning morphological variation and becomes relevant downstream in learning.
Pharmacogenomics polygenic risk score: Ready or not for prime time?
Authors: Singh Sonal , Stocco Gabriele , Theken Katherine N. , Dickson Alyson , Feng QiPing , Karnes Jason H. , Mosley Jonathan D. , El Rouby Nihal
Published: July 2024

Pharmacogenomic Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) have emerged as a tool to address the polygenic nature of pharmacogenetic phenotypes, increasing the potential to predict drug response. Most pharmacogenomic PRS have been extrapolated from disease‐associated variants identified by genome wide association studies (GWAS), although some have begun to utilize genetic variants from pharmacogenomic GWAS. As pharmacogenomic PRS hold the promise of enabling precision medicine, including stratified treatment approaches, it is important to assess the opportunities and challenges presented by the current data. This assessment will help determine how pharmacogenomic PRS can be advanced and transitioned into clinical use. In this review, we present a summary of recent evidence, evaluate the current status, and identify several challenges that have impeded the progress of pharmacogenomic PRS. These challenges include the reliance on extrapolations from disease genetics and limitations inherent to pharmacogenomics research such as low sample sizes, phenotyping inconsistencies, among others. We finally propose recommendations to overcome the challenges and facilitate the clinical implementation. These recommendations include standardizing methodologies for phenotyping, enhancing collaborative efforts, developing new statistical methods to capitalize on drug‐specific genetic associations for PRS construction. Additional recommendations include enhancing the infrastructure that can integrate genomic data with clinical predictors, along with implementing user‐friendly clinical decision tools, and patient education. Ethical and regulatory considerations should address issues related to patient privacy, informed consent and safe use of PRS. Despite these challenges, ongoing research and large‐scale collaboration is likely to advance the field and realize the potential of pharmacogenomic PRS.
The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology in the African American population: A tertiary centre experience
Authors: Saoud Carla , Bailey Gabrielle E. , Graham Ashleigh J. , Maleki Zahra
Published: July 2024

Background

The reported risk of malignancies (ROM) remains controversial for fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules in the African American (AA) population. Herein, the ROM along with frequency was assessed for each of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) diagnostic categories.

Materials and Methods

The electronic pathology archive of a large academic hospital was retrospectively searched for cytopathology reports of thyroid nodules in AA patients (2010–2019) and Non‐African American (NAA) control cases. The patients' demographic, thyroid nodule characteristics, FNA results using TBSRTC and surgical diagnoses were recorded, whenever available.

Results

Three hundred ninety‐one cases were identified, 317 females (81.1%) and 74 males (18.9%) with median age 50.0 (SD = 14.4). The mean size of the nodules was 2.1 cm (SD = 1.4). The Bethesda categories were: 5.4% (I), 35.0% (II), 35.3% (III), 7.7% (IV), 3.3% (V) and 13.3% (VI). The overall ROM of thyroid nodules was 43.8% (89/203) on surgical follow‐up (203/391). The ROM in each Bethesda categories were: 33.3% (I), 11.6% (II), 35.2% (III), 15.8% (IV), 83.3% (V) and 100% (VI) on surgical follow‐up. The frequency of thyroid nodules was higher in AA females; however, the ROM was higher in AA males (48.3%) compared with AA females (41.2%).

Conclusion

The ROM in Categories I, II and III was higher than those reported in the TBSRTC while being similar in Categories IV, V and VI. The overall risk of thyroid malignancy in our AA patient population was higher than those in the literature. The overall ROM of thyroid nodules in AA males was higher than of AA females.