bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of frontline employee service innovative behavior
Authors: Al-Hawari Mohd A. , Bani-Melhem Shaker , Shamsudin Faridahwati Mohd
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of workplace happiness and work engagement on employee service innovative behavior from the perspective of positive psychology. The study also examines if work engagement mediates the relationship between workplace happiness and employee service innovative behavior. Finally, it investigates how co-worker socializing and the service climate of the organization moderate the relationship between work engagement and employee service innovative behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used survey data from 321 frontline employees working in the service sector in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Six major hypotheses were established and examined using the SPSS Statistics V22.0 Process. The measurement model was analyzed using Amos 22.

Findings

Workplace happiness and work engagement are found to be important factors affecting employee service innovative behavior. Workplace happiness influences employee service innovative behavior directly and indirectly through work engagement. Both service climate and co-worker socializing play a significant moderating role in the relationship between work engagement and employee service innovative behavior among frontline employees. Interestingly, service climate erodes this relationship while co-worker socializing enhances it.

Practical implications

This study provides guidelines for managers and practitioners in the service industry to promote frontline employee service innovative behavior. Specifically, the findings provide guidance for decision-makers on how to use workplace happiness to trigger the innovative service behaviors of frontline employees, taking into consideration the conditional role of service climate and co-worker socializing.

Originality/value

The literature on factors affecting the service innovative behavior of frontline employees in the service sector from the perspective of positive psychology is limited, especially in the context of the UAE. The data, framework and outcomes of this research address this gap and contribute to the current body of knowledge. Specifically, the study contributes to the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions in the field of positive psychology by validating the applicability of the theory in a wider organizational context.
Fighting organizational decline: a risk-based approach to organizational anti-aging
Authors: Gotteiner Sharon , Mas-Machuca Marta , Marimon Frederic
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Most mature organizations face a major decline in performance at some time during their existence. For more than three decades, it has been suggested that the management practices that could cure a troubled company could have also kept it well. Inspired by this concept, this paper is proposing a preventive approach to early implementation of turnaround strategies as an alternative for otherwise traumatic rescue efforts, further along the downward spiral.

Design/methodology/approach

Corporate turnaround strategies and associated risks are integrated with a risk-based approach, along with a proactive decision-making process. The link between turnaround research, resource-based view, the sources of organizational decline, and the governance of organizational-decline-related risks – is explained.

Findings

The integrated model streamlines a preventive organizational process for considering the suitability of commonly used turnaround practices – for the non-crisis business routine of a mature company. By considering and adjusting the risks associated with such practices, it addresses risk aversion at the early stages of decline and determines the optimal sequence and timing of retrenchment and recovery activities. As such, it encourages mature companies to take actions for reducing their exposure to organizational decline. Accordingly, the model is named the “Anti-Aging” framework.

Research limitations/implications

Empirical testing of the suitability of turnaround strategies for non-crisis situations is proposed as a direction for future research.

Practical implications

The Anti-Aging framework opens an opportunity for the senior management of a mature organization to respond earlier to organizational decline and avoid the trauma associated with otherwise more challenging conditions, for the benefit of all stakeholders.

Originality/value

The Anti-Aging framework proposes an innovative way of bridging the gap between the benefits of early implementation of turnaround strategies, and major obstacles faced by willing, traditional management teams of mature organizations.
Property valuation methods in practice: evidence from Australia
Authors: Abidoye Rotimi Boluwatife , Junge Ma , Lam Terence Y.M. , Oyedokun Tunbosun Biodun , Tipping Malvern Leonard
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Improving valuation accuracy, especially for sale and acquisition purposes, remains one of the key targets of the global real estate research agenda. Among other recommendations, it has been argued that the use of technology-based advanced valuation methods can help to narrow the gap between asset valuations and actual sale prices. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the property valuation methods being adopted by Australian valuers and the factors influencing their level of awareness and adoption of the methods.

Design/methodology/approach

An online questionnaire survey was conducted to elicit information from valuers practising in Australia. They were asked to indicate their level of awareness and adoption of the different property valuation methods. Their response was analysed using frequency distribution,χ2test and mean score ranking.

Findings

The results show that the traditional methods of valuation, namely, comparative, investment and residual, are the most adopted methods by the Australian valuers, while advanced valuation methods are seldom applied in practice. The results confirm that professional bodies, sector of practice and educational institutions are the three most important drivers of awareness and adoption of the advanced valuation methods.

Practical implications

There is a need for all the property valuation stakeholders to synergise and transform the property valuation practice in a bid to promote the awareness and adoption of advanced valuation methods, (e.g. hedonic pricing model, artificial neural network, expert system, fuzzy logic system, etc.) among valuers. These are all technology-based methods to improve the efficiency in the prediction process, and the valuer still needs to input reliable transaction data into the systems.

Originality/value

This study provides a fresh and most recent insight into the current property valuation methods adopted in practice by valuers practising in Australia. It identifies that the advanced valuation methods could supplement the traditional valuation methods to achieve good practice standard for improving the professional valuation practice in Australia so that the valuation profession can meet the industry’s expectations.
Urban shared energy systems and behaviour change − simulating a common pooled resource problem
Authors: Burton Craig Alexander , Ryan Christopher , Rismanchi Behzad , Candy Seona
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test a new methodology for simulating shared electricity generation among small groups of neighbours with Ostrom’s (1994) principles of common pool resource (CPR) (human behaviour-based) efficiencies. The approach does not anticipate exclusive off-grid communities but instead, diverse energy users taking advantage of the averaging effects of aggregation, the social benefits of a CPR and direct action on emissions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study tested three groups of five adjacent − or same-building − neighbours for three months to measure how electricity demand (import) is affected by an in-home display issuing nudges and sanctions by the group around a simulated (limited capacity) shared solar and battery system. A control group of six homes’ energy data was obtained for the same period.

Findings

Two groups reduced their energy demand with weak but significant correlation between stimulus and reduced energy demand and one group increased demand. There were no significant effects in time-of-use behaviours.

Research limitations/implications

The study shows that the interaction between consumers and energy systems can in this instance be simulated with inexpensive equipment. Studying dynamic interactions between people and systems provides new data where supply simulations have been one-sided. There is support in this work that the energy supply can be presented as a rivalrous commons system.

Practical implications

Urban adjacent neighbours (and apartment occupants in the same building or campus) exhibit emergent group behaviours around electricity use conservation and time-of-use. Managing energy demand is very difficult but very important for making consumer behaviour “fit” the future supply of energy which may be unreliable and limited.

Social implications

There are likely social benefits and other overflow benefits when neighbours can share a critical resource. There are other critical services that may be managed according to the Ostrom commons principles. The sharing group will be more resilient in terms of electricity but also in terms of social capital.

Originality/value

The work builds on the work of Rachel Coxcoon and others who have identified that groups perform better at certain challenges than individuals do. This aligns with scale and operational efficiencies in shared renewable energy infrastructure. Shaping behaviour and the generation systems together for optimal outcomes is new work.
Understanding paternalistic leadership: a guide for managers considering foreign assignments
Authors: Sposato Martin
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to help employees trained in Western business practice who move to different countries for work and encounter leaders who display paternalistic leadership as their main leadership style. by providing an explanation of paternalistic leadership and practical advice.

Design/methodology/approach

The article is based on a literature review on paternalistic leadership and in qualitative data collected for research on paternalistic leadership practices.

Findings

The article explains the main characteristic of paternalistic leadership and provides the reader with practical advice .

Originality/value

This paper provides the reader with a non-western perspective on leadership and advice for employees on what to expect and what to do when working with a paternalistic leader
How Amazon practices the three laws of Agile management
Authors: Denning Stephen
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The article offers a clear and succinct account of the Amazon approach to Agile management (though it doesn’t call it that, and offers best practices to enable others to learn how to think–and act–like Amazon.

Design/methodology/approach

The article draws on the insights and experiences of John Rossman an Amazon senior manager who was an effective innovator for the company.

Findings

Amazon has a distinctive approach to implementing the three principles of Agile: 10;∙9; Customer-obsessed. 10;∙9; Small is beautiful. 10;∙9; Networks.

Practical implications

Customer obsession at Amazon is enabled and driven by customer-driven metrics.

Originality/value

Drawing on his experience innovating for the company, John Rossman describes in detail how Amazon created an environment with very different values and behaviors, an approach that employs the principles of Agile management.
Consommation d'énergie électrique et croissance économique en Afrique Centrale
Authors: Gandjon Fankem Gislain Stéphane , Tchoue Houli Michel Scott
Published: August 2019

L'objectif de cet article est de déterminer empiriquement la nature de la relation de causalité entre consommation d'énergie électrique et croissance économique pour cinq pays d'Afrique Centrale. La méthodologie utilisée repose sur un cadre multivarié théoriquement fondé et des récents développements en économétrie des données de panel des: tests de racine unitaire, tests de cointégration, estimateurs des moindres carrés ordinaires entièrement modifiés (FMOLS) et moindres carrés ordinaires dynamiques (DOLS) et du modèle vectoriel à correction d'erreur (VECM). Sur la période 1990–2015, les principaux résultats mettent en évidence une causalité bidirectionnelle entre la consommation d'énergie électrique et la croissance économique à la fois à court et à long terme. Celle‐ci reste stable même après contrôle pour le capital et le travail. Ces résultats constituent ainsi une base solide pour la formulation des politiques et des programmes énergétiques appropriées qui favoriseraient l'accès à l'énergie électrique et la croissance économique.
Proteolysis and textural properties of low‐fat ultrafiltered Feta cheese as influenced by maltodextrin
Authors: Nazari Seyyed Moein , Mortazavi Ali , Hesari Javad , Tabatabaei Yazdi Farideh
Published: August 2019

Maltodextrin was used as a fat replacer in low‐fat ultrafiltered cheese. Fat was replaced with 25% maltodextrin milk solution (w/w) in cheese at 15 and 50% (w/w). The chemical, rheological and sensory properties as well as the microstructure of the cheese samples were evaluated after storage for 2 months at 8 °C. Maltodextrin affected the chemical (pH, dry matter, fat, water‐soluble nitrogen to total nitrogen, nonprotein nitrogen to total nitrogen, total free amino acid) and rheological (mean relaxation time) properties, as well as the microstructure. In general, based on textural properties, sensory evaluation and economic aspects, the 50%‐fat‐reduced sample was selected as the best treatment.
High expression of EZR (ezrin) gene is correlated with the poor overall survival of breast cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Rongju , Zhang Shaohui , Xing Rongge , Zhang Qin
Published: August 2019

Background

To evaluate the EZR (ezrin) gene expression in breast cancer and correlation with the prognosis through bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemistry assay.

Methods

EZR gene expression in breast cancer and corresponding normal breast tissue was compared in the TCGA database. Protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network relevant EZR was established through the STRING database. The correlation between EZR expression and prognosis of breast cancer was analyzed by the log‐rank analysis from the TCGA. Ezrin protein (coded by EZR) expression was also examined by immunohistochemistry assay in 120 breast cancer patients.

Results

EZR expression level in tumor tissue was significantly upregulated compared to that of normal breast tissue of breast cancer patients (P < 0.05). In the PPI analysis, there were 51 nodes and 455 edges in the network. The top 10 hub genes of the network were identified. High expression of EZR mRNA was correlated with poor overall survival (OS) of the breast cancer patients (HR = 1.40, P = 0.038). However, the disease‐free survival (DFS) of breast cancer patients did not correlate with the EZR mRNA level (HR = 0.86, P = 0.44). The ezrin protein expression was positive with uniform brown‐yellow granules in the cell membrane, cavity surface and cytoplasm of the breast cancer cells. Of the included 120 cancer samples, 98 cases were positive for ezrin expression and 22 were negative. No correlation was found between ezrin expression site and patients’ clinicopathological features.

Conclusion

EZR is upregulated in breast cancer and can be used as potential biomarker for overall survival.
Poaching creates ecological traps within an iconic protected area
Authors: le Roex N. , Dreyer C. , Ferreira S. M.
Published: August 2019

Ecological traps occur when areas preferentially selected by a species harbour an unknown increased mortality risk or reduced fitness for the individuals utilizing them. If animals continue to utilize these habitats, rapid declines may result that threaten the persistence of the population. Both black and white rhinoceroses are plagued by severe, targeted rhino poaching in South Africa that may have population and species‐level consequences in the long term. Poaching can rapidly increase mortality and may create habitats that function as ecological traps for protected populations. We used spatially explicit data of live rhino and poached rhino carcasses in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, to define high‐ and low‐risk states for both black and white rhino species. The proportion of area functioning as ecological trap was similar for both species (black: 37.73%, white: 35.51%), while the proportion of safe harbour was considerably lower for black rhino (black rhino: 32.01%, white rhino: 44.74%). Species‐specific risk areas were condensed into management categories that reflect the actions most likely to be effective for overall rhino protection in those areas. ‘Threat’ area, representing ecological traps for both species, comprised 32.48% of southern Kruger; this represents the highest priority for anti‐poaching interventions. A further 31.03% was identified as ‘haven’, representing safe harbours for both species, which may benefit most from continued rhino monitoring and surveillance. Using these categories, authorities can prioritize the distribution of limited resources and tailor anti‐poaching and biological management actions according to the needs of each area for the concurrent protection of both rhino species. This work illustrates how the conservation of multiple species or taxa within a system can be simultaneously prioritized in vast areas where resources and/or capacity may be insufficient to undertake species‐specific approaches.
Distribution of lymph node metastasis and the extent of lymph node dissection in descending colon cancer patients
Authors: Lee Soo Young , Yeom Seung‐Seop , Kim Chang Hyun , Kim Young Jin , Kim Hyeong Rok
Published: August 2019

Background

The optimal extent of lymph node dissection in patients with descending colon cancer is still debatable. We designed this study to evaluate the distribution of lymph node metastasis and the appropriate extent of lymph node dissection in descending colon cancer patients.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 118 descending colon cancer patients without distant metastasis, who underwent curative resection between January 2004 and December 2014. The distribution of lymph node metastasis was evaluated, and prognostic factors were analysed.

Results

The median follow‐up period was 52 months (range 1–125 months). Twenty‐six (22.0%) patients underwent high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), whereas 92 (78.0%) patients underwent ligation of the left colic artery, saving the IMA. Lymph nodes at the origin of the IMA showed no metastasis in any of the 26 patients who underwent high ligation of the IMA. After propensity score matching, 3‐year disease‐free survival (80.4% versus 92.9%, P = 0.471) and 5‐year overall survival (81.8% versus 90.9%, P = 0.875) were not significantly different according to the type of IMA ligation.

Conclusion

In patients with descending colon cancer, there was no lymph node metastasis at the origin of the IMA, and ligation of the IMA showed no prognostic benefit.
Updated Italian recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up of the first febrile urinary tract infection in young children
Authors: Ammenti Anita , Alberici Irene , Brugnara Milena , Chimenz Roberto , Guarino Stefano , La Manna Angela , La Scola Claudio , Maringhini Silvio , Marra Giuseppina , Materassi Marco , Morello William , Nicolini Giangiacomo , Pennesi Marco , Pisanello Lorena , Pugliese Fabrizio , Scozzola Floriana , Sica Felice , Toffolo Antonella , Montini Giovanni ,   the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology
Published: August 2019

Aim

Our aim was to update the recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up of the first febrile urinary tract infection in young children, which were endorsed in 2012 by the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology.

Methods

The Italian recommendations were revised on the basis of a review of the literature published from 2012 to October 2018. We also carried out an ad hoc evaluation of the risk factors to identify children with high‐grade vesicoureteral reflux or renal scarring, which were published in the previous recommendations. When evidence was not available, the working group held extensive discussions, during various meetings and through email exchanges.

Results

Four major modifications have been introduced. The method for collecting urine for culture and its interpretation has been re‐evaluated. We have reformulated the algorithm that guides clinical decisions to proceed with voiding cystourethrography. The suggested antibiotics have been revised, and we have recommended further restrictions of the use of antibiotic prophylaxis.

Conclusion

These updated recommendations have now been endorsed by the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology and the Italian Society for Pediatric Infectivology. They can also be used to compare other recommendations that are available, as a worldwide consensus in this area is still lacking.
Regulatory Focus and the Effect of Nutritional Messages on Health and Well‐Being: The Case of Red Meat Intake
Authors: Bertolotti Mauro , Carfora Valentina , Catellani Patrizia
Published: August 2019

Background

The persuasiveness of nutritional messages varies according to individual regulatory focus. However, so far research has focused on the negative or positive valence of the message, while we lack research on the differential effectiveness of health vs. well‐being messages. We tested whether messages centred on negative health or well‐being outcomes influenced the intention to eat red meat, and whether participants’ predominant regulatory focus moderated this effect.

Methods

Participants (N = 207; 83 males, 124 females; mean age = 24.89, SD = 7.76) completed a questionnaire measuring dietary preferences and predominant regulatory focus. They were then presented with different versions of a message describing the negative effects of excessive red meat consumption on either health or well‐being. They rated their involvement in the message and intention to eat red meat.

Results

Participants with a prevalent prevention focus showed greater involvement and lower intention to eat red meat after reading health messages than after reading well‐being messages. No such difference was found in participants with a prevalent promotion focus.

Conclusions

Emphasising the avoidance of organic diseases appears to be an effective strategy to involve individuals and reduce their intention to eat red meat, especially when they have a predominant prevention focus.
Letter: previous exposure to corticosteroids increases the risk of post‐discharge venous thromboembolic events in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Zeng Jian , Gan Hua‐Tian
Published: August 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to McCurdy et al and McCurdy papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15286 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15457.
Infliximab induction regimens in steroid‐refractory acute severe colitis: a multicentre retrospective cohort study with propensity score analysis
Authors: Sebastian Shaji , Myers Sally , Argyriou Konstantinos , Martin Gayle , Los Louis , Fiske Joseph , Ranjan Ravi , Cooper Benjamin , Goodoory Vivek , Ching Hey‐Long , Jayasooriya NishaniLalanthika , Brooks Johanne , Dhar Anjan , Shenoy Achut H. , Limdi Jimmy K. , Butterworth Jeffrey , Allen Patrick B. , Samuel Sunil , Moran Gordon W. , Shenderey Richard , Parkes Gareth , Lobo Alan , Kennedy Nicholas A. , Subramanian Sreedar , Raine Tim
Published: August 2019

Background

Accelerated induction regimens of infliximab have been proposed to improve response rates in patients with steroid‐refractory acute severe colitis.

Aim

To determine the differences in outcome for acute severe ulcerative colitis between accelerated and standard‐dose infliximab

Methods

We collected data on hospitalised patients receiving differing regimens of rescue therapy for steroid‐refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis. Our primary outcome was 30‐day colectomy rate. Secondary outcomes were colectomy within index admission, and at 90 days and 12 months. We used propensity score analysis with optimal calliper matching using high risk covariates defined apriorito reduce potential provider selection bias.

Results

We included 131 patients receiving infliximab rescue therapy; 102 received standard induction and 29 received accelerated induction. In the unmatched cohort, there was no difference by type of induction in the 30‐day colectomy rates (18% vs 20%,P = .45), colectomy during index admission (13% vs 20%,P = .26) or overall colectomy (20% vs 24%,P = .38). In the propensity score‐matched cohort of 52 patients, 30‐day colectomy (57% vs 27%,P = .048) and index admission colectomy (53% vs 23%,P = .045) rates were higher in those receiving standard induction compared to accelerated induction but there was no difference in overall colectomy rates (57% vs 31%,P = .09). There was no significant difference in length of stay or in complication and infection rates.

Conclusion

In a propensity score‐matched cohort, steroid‐refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis patients, short‐term, but not long‐term, colectomy rates appear to be lower in those receiving an accelerated induction regimen.
Resveratrol suppresses the myofibroblastic phenotype and fibrosis formation in kidneys via proliferation‐related signalling pathways
Authors: Zhang Xing , Lu Hong , Xie Shuangshuang , Wu Cunzao , Guo Yangyang , Xiao Yanyi , Zheng Shizhang , Zhu Hengyue , Zhang Yan , Bai Yongheng
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose

Renal fibrosis acts as the common pathway leading to the development of end‐stage renal disease. Previous studies have shown that resveratrol has anti‐fibrotic activity, but its potential molecular mechanisms of action are not well understood.

Experimental Approach

The anti‐fibrotic effects of resveratrol were assayed in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in vivo and in fibroblasts and tubular epithelial cells (TECs) stimulated by TGF‐β1 in vitro. Gene and protein expression levels were analysed by PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining.

Key Results

Resveratrol inhibits the myofibroblastic phenotype and fibrosis formation in UUO kidneys by targeting fibroblast–myofibroblast differentiation (FMD) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The anti‐fibrotic effects of resveratrol correlated with decreased proliferation of TECs in the interstitium and tubules, resulting in suppressed activity of the proliferation‐related signalling pathways, including that of the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β‐catenin, and JAK2/STAT3 pathways. Resveratrol treatment suppressed TGF‐β1‐induced FMD and the expression of the myofibroblastic phenotype in fibroblasts in vitro by antagonizing the activation of proliferation‐related signalling. Similarly, TGF‐β1‐mediated overactivation of the proliferation‐related signalling in TECs induced EMT, and the myofibroblastic phenotype was suppressed by resveratrol. The anti‐fibrotic and anti‐proliferative effects of resveratrol were associated with the inactivation of Smad2/3 signalling and resulted in a partial reversal of FMD and EMT and the inhibition of the myofibroblastic phenotype.

Conclusions and Implications

Resveratrol suppresses the myofibroblastic phenotype and fibrosis formation in vivo and in vitro via proliferation‐related pathways, making it a potential therapeutic agent for preventing renal fibrosis.
Binding site location on GABAA receptors determines whether mixtures of intravenous general anaesthetics interact synergistically or additively in vivo
Authors: Kent Daniel E. , Savechenkov Pavel Y. , Bruzik Karol S. , Miller Keith W.
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose

General anaesthetics can act on synaptic GABAA receptors by binding to one of three classes of general anaesthetic sites. Canonical drugs that bind selectively to only one class of site are etomidate, alphaxalone, and the mephobarbital derivative, R‐mTFD‐MPAB. We tested the hypothesis that the general anaesthetic potencies of mixtures of such site‐selective agents binding to the same or to different sites would combine additively or synergistically respectively.

Experimental Approach

The potency of general anaesthetics individually or in combinations to cause loss of righting reflexes in tadpoles was determined, and the results were analysed using isobolographic methods.

Key Results

The potencies of combinations of two or three site‐selective anaesthetics that all acted on a single class of site were strictly additive, regardless of which single site was involved. Combinations of two or three site‐selective anaesthetics that all bound selectively to different sites always interacted synergistically. The strength of the synergy increased with the number of separate sites involved such that the percentage of each agent's EC50 required to cause anaesthesia was just 35% and 14% for two or three sites respectively. Propofol, which binds non‐selectively to the etomidate and R‐mTFD‐MPAB sites, interacted synergistically with each of these agents.

Conclusions and Implications

The established pharmacology of the three anaesthetic binding sites on synaptic GABAA receptors was sufficient to predict whether a mixture of anaesthetics interacted additively or synergistically to cause loss of righting reflexes in vivo. The principles established here have implications for clinical practice.
Δ8‐Tetrahydrocannabivarin has potent anti‐nicotine effects in several rodent models of nicotine dependence
Authors: Xi Zheng‐Xiong , Muldoon Pretal , Wang Xiao‐Fei , Bi Guo‐Hua , Damaj M. Imad , Lichtman Aron H. , Pertwee Roger G. , Gardner Eliot L.
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose

Both types of cannabinoid receptors—CB1 and CB2—regulate brain functions relating to addictive drug‐induced reward and relapse. CB1 receptor antagonists and CB2 receptor agonists have anti‐addiction efficacy, in animal models, against a broad range of addictive drugs. Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ9‐THCV)—a cannabis constituent—acts as a CB1 antagonist and a CB2 agonist. Δ8‐Tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ8‐THCV) is a Δ9‐THCV analogue with similar combined CB1 antagonist/CB2 agonist properties.

Experimental Approach

We tested Δ8‐THCV in seven different rodent models relevant to nicotine dependence—nicotine self‐administration, cue‐triggered nicotine‐seeking behaviour following forced abstinence, nicotine‐triggered reinstatement of nicotine‐seeking behaviour, acquisition of nicotine‐induced conditioned place preference, anxiety‐like behaviour induced by nicotine withdrawal, somatic withdrawal signs induced by nicotine withdrawal, and hyperalgesia induced by nicotine withdrawal.

Key Results

Δ8‐THCV significantly attenuated intravenous nicotine self‐administration and both cue‐induced and nicotine‐induced relapse to nicotine‐seeking behaviour in rats. Δ8‐THCV also significantly attenuated nicotine‐induced conditioned place preference and nicotine withdrawal in mice.

Conclusions and Implications

We conclude that Δ8‐THCV may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of nicotine dependence. We also suggest that tetrahydrocannabivarins should be tested for possible anti‐addiction efficacy in a broader range of preclinical animal models, against other addictive drugs, and eventually in humans.
Exports, investment and policy uncertainty
Authors: Greenland Andrew , Ion Mihai , Lopresti John
Published: August 2019

Building on a literature that underscores the value of delaying investment in the face of uncertainty, we study how policy uncertainty in 18 large economies affects exports to these economies. We decompose aggregate bilateral trade flows from 1995 to 2013 into intensive and extensive margin components and employ a gravity specification to assess the impact of policy uncertainty on each margin separately. Consistent with theory, increases in policy uncertainty decrease both trade values and the extensive margin but, if anything, increase the intensive margin. In further tests, we use various proxies for sunk export costs and demonstrate that the effects of policy uncertainty are more pronounced where sunk costs are higher.
Identification of new octamer transcription factor 1‐target genes upregulated in castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Shinichiro , Takayama Ken‐ichi , Obinata Daisuke , Fujiwara Kyoko , Ashikari Daisaku , Takahashi Satoru , Inoue Satoshi
Published: August 2019

Octamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1) is an androgen receptor (AR)‐interacting partner and regulates the expression of target genes in prostate cancer cells. However, the function of OCT1 in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is not fully understood. In the present study, we used 22Rv1 cells as AR‐positive CRPC model cells to analyze the role of OCT1 in CRPC. We showed that OCT1 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and migration of 22Rv1 cells. Using microarray analysis, we identified four AR and OCT1‐target genes, disks large‐associated protein 5 (DLGAP5), kinesin family member 15 (KIF15), non‐SMC condensin I complex subunit G (NCAPG), and NDC80 kinetochore complex component (NUF2) in 22Rv1 cells. We observed that knockdown of DLGAP5 and NUF2 suppresses growth and migration of 22Rv1 cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed that positive expression of DLGAP5 in prostate cancer specimens is related to poor cancer‐specific survival rates of patients. Notably, enhanced expression of DLGAP5 was observed in CRPC tissues of patients. Thus, our findings suggest that these four genes regulated by the AR/OCT1 complex could have an important role in CRPC progression.
Molecular dynamics insights on the role β‐augmentation of the peptide N‐terminus with binding site β‐hairpin of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9
Authors: Pasam Bhargavi , Medicherla Krishna Mohan , Rathore Ravindranath Singh , Upadhyayula Raghavender Surya
Published: August 2019

PCSK9, a member of the proprotein convertase family, is a key negative regulator of hepatic low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) concentrations in the blood plasma and is associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Peptide inhibitors designed to block PCSK9‐LDLR interactions could reduce the risk of CAD. We present a study of the interaction of a PCSK9 bound peptide and its design through modification by phosphorylation using molecular dynamics simulations. Extensive explicit solvent simulations of PCSK9 and its mutant (Asp374 → Tyr374) with designed peptides provide insights into the mechanism of peptide binding at the protein interface. We establish that β‐augmentation is the key mechanism of peptide association with PCSK9. Position‐specific phosphorylation of threonine residues is observed to have noticeable effect in modulating protein–peptide association. This study provides a handle to explore and improve the design of peptides bound to PCSK9 by incorporating knowledge‐derived functional motifs into designing potent binders.
Five years follow‐up of mandibular 2‐implant overdentures on locator or ball abutments: Implant results, patient‐related outcome, and prosthetic aftercare
Authors: Matthys Carine , Vervaeke Stijn , Besseler Jos , Doornewaard Ron , Dierens Melissa , De Bruyn Hugo
Published: August 2019

Background

It is uncertain, which is the optimal attachment for a mandibular 2‐implant overdenture (2IOD).

Purpose

To assess 5 years clinical implant outcome, prosthetic maintenance, cost, and PROMs of two cohorts receiving 2IOD on ball or stud abutments in a comparative study.

Materials and Methods

Ninety edentulous individuals were treated with balls (n = 34) or locator (n = 56). Implant survival, bone‐to‐implant level, prosthetic outcome, technical maintenance, and OHIP‐14 were assessed. Statistics to compare between baseline and 1/5 years and between groups were t‐test or Mann‐Whitney (P < .05); chi‐square was adopted to analyze plaque and technical maintenance or interventions between groups.

Results

Five years implant survival was 98.7%, irrespective of attachment. Overall mean bone loss was 1.1 mm, probing pocket depth 1.92 mm, bleeding score 0.60, plaque score 1. Plaque accumulated more on locators (P = .023). OHIP‐14 declined from 18.1 to 2.7 irrespective of attachment. Retention for balls was better (P < .005), locators required more maintenance (P < .001), caused by retention‐adjustment (P < .001) or ulcers/pain (P = .014). Five years maintenance‐cost was 11% of initial cost, irrespective of attachment.

Conclusions

Balls and locators yield stable 5‐years implant outcome and improved Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). Locators required more maintenance and resulted in a lower retention. Maintenance costs are minimal but may affect OHRQoL at least for stud abutments.
Protocol‐based nurse coordinator management of ambulatory tacrolimus dosing in de novo renal transplant recipients—A single‐center experience with a large African American population
Authors: Elmaasarani Zana , Mardis Caitlin , Gylten Logan , Taber David J. , Fleming James , Patel Neha , Baliga Prabhakar , Rao Vinaya , Rohan Vinayak , DuBay Derek , Pilch Nicole A.
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Transplant nurse (RN) coordinators review tacrolimus levels frequently and would be capable of making dose adjustments autonomously if not limited by their license. Collaborative practice agreements could be an answer; thus, the aim of this evaluation was to determine if an RN‐driven protocol could be used safely and effectively to manage tacrolimus in ambulatory kidney transplant (KTX) recipients.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of all solitary adult KTX recipients between August 1, 2016, and July 29, 2017. The primary objective was to evaluate protocol adherence and frequency of use, and secondary objectives were to evaluate the utility of the protocol both overall and based on ethnicity.

Results

A total of 173 patients were included in the evaluation (59% African American [AA], 41% non‐African American [non‐AA). RN coordinators followed the protocol for 75% of tacrolimus adjustments; however, they only responded to 27% of the overall levels. There was no difference in 180‐day tacrolimus‐associated readmission (15% AA vs 5% non‐AA, P = .06), biopsy‐proven acute rejection (4% AA vs 7% non‐AA, P = .363), or hyperkalemia (34% AA vs 32% non‐AA, P = .87) between groups.

Conclusions

Transplant nurse coordinators are capable of accurately following a protocol for tacrolimus dosage adjustment in a large, racially diverse kidney transplant center.
Caring for caregivers: Understanding and meeting their needs in coping with first episode psychosis
Authors: Dillinger Rachel L. , Kersun Jonathan M.
Published: August 2019

Aim

The first episode of psychosis is a challenging time for both patients and those who care for them. Although literature on treatment is plentiful, literature on how to best support caregivers is more scarce. This review was undertaken to better understand the caregiver experience, determine which interventions most effectively alleviate their burden and examine which other factors may affect outcomes.

Methods

Articles were retrieved from PubMed and OVID using the following search terms: first episode psychosis (FEP), schizophrenia, caregiver, intervention and burden in various combinations. Only peer‐reviewed articles germane to FEP caregiver experience and interventions written in English were included.

Results

Caregivers can experience grief, guilt and anxiety during this time. While concerned for their loved one, their own lives take a back seat and their mental and physical health are adversely affected. Some are better prepared to cope and are typically warm, decisive, confident and optimistic. Their families are organized and flexible. Others are less prepared and are more likely to have poor self‐esteem, use avoidant coping strategies and be overly critical. Their families are controlling and have difficulty with communication and balance. These caregivers stand to benefit most from interventions.

Conclusions

Effective interventions incorporate psychoeducation, problem solving strategies, peer support and clinician guidance. A higher level of interaction with facilitators and peers is associated with better results. Benefits include decreases in caregiver burden, depressive and anxious symptoms and feelings of shame and isolation. Although the literature has yet to isolate the key factors of a successful intervention, this review provides practical suggestions for clinicians and further illustrates the need for more research.
What are new treatment concepts in systemic itch?
Authors: Kremer Andreas E.
Published: August 2019

Chronic pruritus is a relevant symptom burden in various systemic diseases. It is most commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease, hepatobiliary and hematological disorders as well as adverse drug reaction. Recent basic research has unravelled novel treatment targets which are currently in preclinical phases, clinical trials or have already been licensed. While µ‐opioid receptor antagonists have been used since decades mainly in cholestatic pruritus, the k‐opioid receptor agonist nalfurafine has been licensed in Japan for chronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus (CKDaP) as well as cholestatic pruritus. Further κ‐opioid receptor agonists are currently investigated in various clinical trials including CKDaP. In recent years, the calcium channel blockers gabapentin and pregabalin have also been recognized as effective anti‐pruritus therapy in several internal diseases with the best evidence in chronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus. Neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonists have been investigated with variable benefit in CKDaP, solid tumors and lymphoproliferative disorders such as cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, Sézary syndrome. Inhibitors of the ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) represent a selective interruption of the enterohepatic circulation and are currently investigated in various hepatobiliary disorders associated with pruritus. The current development and testing of novel drugs in clinical trials offers hope to struggling physicians and suffering patients.
A critical appraisal of appendage disparity and homology in fishes
Authors: Larouche Olivier , Zelditch Miriam L. , Cloutier Richard
Published: August 2019

Fishes are both extremely diverse and morphologically disparate. Part of this disparity can be observed in the numerous possible fin configurations that may differ in terms of the number of fins as well as fin shapes, sizes and relative positions on the body. Here, we thoroughly review the major patterns of disparity in fin configurations for each major group of fishes and discuss how median and paired fin homologies have been interpreted over time. When taking into account the entire span of fish diversity, including both extant and fossil taxa, the disparity in fin morphologies greatly complicates inferring homologies for individual fins. Given the phylogenetic scope of this review, structural and topological criteria appear to be the most useful indicators of fin identity. We further suggest that it may be advantageous to consider some of these fin homologies as nested within the larger framework of homologous fin‐forming morphogenetic fields. We also discuss scenarios of appendage evolution and suggest that modularity may have played a key role in appendage disparification. Fin modules re‐expressed within the boundaries of fin‐forming fields could explain how some fins may have evolved numerous times independently in separate lineages (e.g., adipose fin), or how new fins may have evolved over time (e.g., anterior and posterior dorsal fins, pectoral and pelvic fins). We favour an evolutionary scenario whereby median appendages appeared from a unique field of competence first positioned throughout the dorsal and ventral midlines, which was then redeployed laterally leading to paired appendages.
Transcending Therapy Models and Managing Complexity: Suggestions from Integrative Systemic Therapy
Authors: Russell William P. , Breunlin Douglas C.
Published: August 2019

Integrative Systemic Therapy (IST) is a metatheoretical perspective for the conduct of individual, couple, and family therapy. Following a brief description of IST, this article presents developments in IST and their implication for psychotherapy integration. The nature of problem solving in IST is clarified, and the relationship between IST's essential problem‐solving tasks and its core decision‐making process is defined. Particular attention is paid to two dimensions of IST that have given it its name: integration and systems theory. The advantages of a therapy that is client system‐centered and not model‐driven are discussed, and a justification for “good enough” execution of interventions abstracted from specific models is provided. A procedure for balancing pragmatic demands of therapy with a commitment to account, as needed, for broader or deeper systemic issues is presented.
Water chemistry, landscape, and spatial controls of δ13C and δ15N of zooplankton taxa in boreal lakes: One size does not fit all
Authors: Anas M. U. Mohamed , Scott Kenneth A. , Wissel Björn
Published: August 2019

Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios of zooplankton are potentially good indicators of energy and nutrient fluxes, and trophic interactions in lake food‐webs, yet, are poorly understood.

Based on a synoptic survey of 233 boreal lakes, we evaluated the relationships of water chemistry, hydromorphological, and land cover variables (lake/catchment‐specific factors), and the spatial position of lakes in the landscape (representing potential regional factors) with the δ13C and δ15N of nine meso‐zooplankton taxa.

The δ13C variation of most taxa was negatively related to water chemistry variables associated with allochthonous inputs (colour/dissolved organic carbon), and positively correlated with nutrient concentrations (together explaining 12–69% of variation). Most of the δ13C variation explained by significant hydromorphological and land cover variables (% peat area, drainage basin area:lake area, shoreline development index, and lake area, explaining 26–47% of variation) was shared by significant water chemistry variables. Together, this suggests that δ13C variation of zooplankton reflects different environmental influences on δ13C of lake primary producers.

The δ15N variation of most taxa was significantly related to pH, total phosphorous concentration (water chemistry variables, explaining 8–64% of variation), and water retention time (hydromorphological variable, explaining 13–87% of variation). These relationships are probably reflective of the association of zooplankton δ15N with terrestrial organic matter flux, environmentally‐induced biogeochemical nitrogen transformations and phytoplankton 15N fractionation.

Specific water chemistry, hydromorphological, and land cover predictors of δ13C and δ15N and the direction of their effects (i.e. positive or negative) were largely similar among taxa. However, their degree of importance varied among taxa particularly for δ13C, probably due to contrasting feeding selectivity and resulting differences in allochthony. This suggests that δ13C of different taxa may respond differently to changes in limnological gradients due to environmental perturbations affecting boreal regions.

The lake/catchment‐specific factors were more important than regional factors (lithology, soil properties and atmospheric nitrogen deposition; which are represented by the spatial position of lakes) in explaining δ13C and δ15N variation of zooplankton. Hence, before inferring regional effects in stable isotope studies, the influence of lake/catchment‐specific factors needs to be explicitly quantified.