bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL‐10‐modulated dendritic cells from birch pollen‐ and hazelnut‐allergic patients facilitate Treg‐mediated allergen‐specific and cross‐reactive tolerance
Authors: Heinl Patricia Vanessa , Graulich Edith , Weigmann Benno , Wangorsch Andrea , Ose Robert , Bellinghausen Iris , Khatri Rahul , Raker Verena K. , Scheurer Stephan , Vieths Stefan , Saloga Joachim , Steinbrink Kerstin
Published: July 2024

Background

Approximately 70% of individuals allergic to birch pollen (Bet v 1.01 [Bet]) develop a secondary food allergy (e.g., hazelnut: Cor a 1.04 [Cor]), due to allergen cross‐reactivity. However, standard immunotherapy for type I allergies often does not improve the food allergy sufficiently. We analyzed the allergen‐specific and cross‐reactive suppressive capacity of primary human regulatory T cells (Treg) induced by autologous IL‐10‐modulated dendritic cells (IL‐10 DC) in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

CD4+ T cells of patients with birch pollen and associated hazelnut allergies were differentiated into Bet‐specific or non‐specific induced Treg (iTreg). After Bet‐ or Cor‐specific restimulation the phenotype, proliferation, and suppressive capacity of iTreg subsets were analyzed. iTreg function was further investigated in humanized mouse models of airway and intestinal allergy, generated by engraftment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from allergic donors into immunodeficient animals.

Results

After IL‐10 DC priming and allergen‐specific restimulation (Bet or Cor), non‐specific control iTreg remained anergic, whereas Bet‐specific iTreg proliferated extensively and exhibited a regulatory phenotype (enhanced expression of CTLA‐4, PD‐1, TNFR2, IL‐10). Accordingly, activated Bet‐specific iTreg displayed a high capacity to suppress Bet‐ and Cor‐induced responder Th2 cell responses in vitro, indicating induction of both allergen‐specific (birch) and cross‐reactive tolerance (hazelnut). In vivo, the beneficial effect of Bet‐specific iTreg was verified in humanized mouse models of allergic airway and intestinal inflammation, resulting in reduced allergen‐induced clinical symptoms, and immune responses.

Conclusion

Human IL‐10 DC‐induced iTreg facilitate allergen‐specific and cross‐reactive tolerance. Therefore, they are potential candidates for regulatory cell therapy in allergic and autoimmune diseases.
Uncomplicated appendicitis at Herat Regional Hospital: limited resource is not always the end of the world
Authors: Azimi Ezmary , Fazli Mohammad Rafi , Price Neil , Wahidi Hania
Published: July 2024

Background

Acute appendicitis is the most common aetiology of acute abdomen in children. Our aim is to describe the accuracy of diagnosis, and complications in a limited resources setting in children between 5 and 14 years old at the only tertiary referral hospital in the West region of Afghanistan.

Methods

A retrospective study for a period of 1 year (21 March 2015–20 March 2016). Data was collected from patients' files. Data were analysed by epi info 7.

Results

We identified 774 children who had appendectomies at Herat Regional Hospital during the study period with complete records available for analysis. The median age was 11 years [5–14]. The rate of positive appendectomy was 87%. 72% of appendectomies were done within 24 h of the onset of symptoms. Of 675 positive appendectomies, the most common clinical features were migratory abdominal pain (90%), nausea/vomiting (80%), RLQ tenderness (90%), and rebound tenderness (81%). Among the 99 negative appendectomies, the most common signs and symptoms were anorexia 68%, nausea/vomiting 59%, RLQ tenderness 79%, and rebound tenderness 43%. 98% of positive and 71% of negative appendectomies had elevated WBC count. Post appendectomy complications occurred in 9% of our patients mostly commonly intra‐abdominal abscesses (5%).

Conclusion

Although the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is challenging in children and may involve sophisticated imaging techniques, in many settings these are unavailable. Classical manifestations such as migratory abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, nausea, and simple lab tests play a crucial role in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in low resource environments.
How climate change and modern slavery interact in the supply chain: A conceptual model development through a systemic review
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Lotfi Maryam
Published: July 2024

Despite growing recognition of the interconnectedness between climate change and modern slavery within supply chains, these issues are often studied in isolation, leading to a fragmented understanding of their relationship. This research aims to bridge this gap by investigating the key factors in supply chains that influence both climate change and modern slavery and how interactions among supply chain stakeholders impact the relationship between them. Utilising the PRISMA literature review method, we systematically reviewed 56 articles to identify the underlying mechanisms and stakeholders' interactions that influence the dynamics between climate change and modern slavery in supply chains. Our findings culminate in a conceptual model that delineates 11 factors bi‐directionally impacting both climate change and modern slavery. These factors include social (migration, violent conflict, and war as well as tradition and culture), environmental (deforestation, soil erosion, disruption of protected area, extreme weather, and resource) and economic (liabilities, employment, education, and pandemic). Furthermore, it highlights how stakeholder interactions at the government, NGO, supplier, focal firm, worker, and consumer levels impact this relationship. Finally, the model underscores the potential of technology adoption, sustainable development strategies, and stakeholder engagement and collaboration as levers to positively influence the relationship between climate change and modern slavery in supply chains.
How does leader self‐sacrifice lead to employees' unethical pro‐organizational behavior? A moderated mediation model
Authors: Ji Hao , Mo Shenjiang , Su Yi
Published: July 2024

Prior research on leader self‐sacrifice mainly demonstrates its positive role, while less attention has been paid to its potential negative consequences in the workplace. Based on social exchange theory, this study examines how and when leader self‐sacrifice may lead to employees' unethical pro‐organizational behavior (UPB). We tested our hypotheses with three‐wave data gathered from 570 employees. Results showed that leader self‐sacrifice indirectly promoted UPB via leader–member exchange (LMX). Moreover, employees' desire to see themselves in a positive light (i.e., self‐enhancement motives) moderated this indirect relationship, such that the indirect effect was less salient when employees had higher self‐enhancement motives. We discuss this study's implications for the research on leader self‐sacrifice as well as those for practitioners seeking to avoid the potential dangers of positive leadership behavior.
A technology‐enabled framework for stakeholder engagement in a destination management system: Evidence from DMS Puglia
Authors: Buonincontri Piera , Micera Roberto , Papaluca Ornella
Published: July 2024

In tourism, the presence of different stakeholders, sometimes with conflicting interests, requires a clear understanding of how to manage and engage them effectively. Despite the importance of this topic, tourism studies lack a univocal framework for destinations aiming to develop a destination management system (DMS) focused on empowering stakeholder engagement. To fill this gap, this study aims to identify the key dimensions that can strengthen stakeholder engagement in the tourism sector. Particular attention is given to the role of technology in mediating relationships among DMS participants and to the role of ‘intermediary’ stakeholders in facilitating collaboration and engagement. By adopting a cross‐disciplinary approach that integrates stakeholder theory, stakeholder engagement and destination management, and by examining a case study of an Italian best practice, DMS Puglia, a technology‐enabled framework for stakeholder engagement in a DMS was elaborated. This study contributes to the advancement of the literature on stakeholder engagement in tourism by demonstrating that the structure and composition of a DMS, and the communication methods it enables, along with the role of the destination management organisation and the preparedness of stakeholders to participate in a DMS, significantly influence stakeholder engagement and can strengthen relationships among participants in a technologically advanced tourism system. This study also provides directions to stakeholder bridges about how to effectively improve stakeholder engagement through technology‐focused tools and strategies.
Mapping business ethics and society: A systematic journey into research and way forward
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Kumar Sachin , Chaudhuri Ranjan , Chatterjee Sheshadri , Vrontis Demetris
Published: July 2024

While the notion of business ethics has historical roots, previous research endeavours have refrained from consolidating the existing body of knowledge on the intersection of business ethics and society. This hesitance is attributed to the intricate and diverse nature of such studies. Thus, there is a gap in the literature on synthesizing the intimate relationship between business ethics and society. This gap in research serves as the impetus and motivation for the current investigation. However, limited empirical studies are found to have been conducted in the allied areas and there are limited studies that map business ethics and society in an extensive manner. In this context, this study systematically reviewed 87 scholarly works spanning a period of over 20 years in the realm of business ethics concerning society by considering articles included in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Through the outcomes of this inquiry, an integrative and comprehensive framework detailing the interplay between business ethics and society at individual and organizational levels is introduced, with the potential to guide forthcoming scholars and practitioners in their pursuits. In this study, themes including employees' ethical behaviour, manufacturing strategy and ethics, leadership dynamics, consumer trust and so on have not been considered as critical societal dimensions that have not been included.
Aligning spatial ecological theory with the study of clonal organisms: the case of fungal coexistence
Authors: Bielčik Miloš , Schlägel Ulrike E. , Schäfer Merlin , Aguilar‐Trigueros Carlos A. , Lakovic Milica , Sosa‐Hernández Moisés A. , Hammer Edith C. , Jeltsch Florian , Rillig Matthias C.
Published: July 2024

Established ecological theory has focused on unitary organisms, and thus its concepts have matured into a form that often hinders rather than facilitates the ecological study of modular organisms. Here, we use the example of filamentous fungi to develop concepts that enable integration of non‐unitary (modular) organisms into the established community ecology theory, with particular focus on its spatial aspects. In doing so, we provide a link between fungal community ecology and modern coexistence theory (MCT). We first show how community processes and predictions made by MCT can be used to define meaningful scales in fungal ecology. This leads to the novel concept of the unit of community interactions (UCI), a promising conceptual tool for applying MCT to communities of modular organisms with indeterminate clonal growth and hierarchical individuality. We outline plausible coexistence mechanisms structuring fungal communities, and show at what spatial scales and in what habitats they are most likely to act. We end by describing challenges and opportunities for empirical and theoretical research in fungal competitive coexistence.
Streets ahead: Neighborhood safety and active outdoor play in early childhood using a nationally representative sample of 5‐year‐olds
Authors: Egan Suzanne M. , Pope Jennifer
Published: July 2024

Using data from a nationally representative sample of 5‐year‐olds in the Growing Up in Ireland study (N = 9001, 51% male), this research investigated the role of factors in the neighborhood environment on levels of active outdoor play in young children. Primary caregivers (98% mothers; 81% Irish) responded to questions regarding their child's levels of active outdoor play (e.g., chasing) and their perceptions of their neighborhood (e.g., social cohesion and antisocial behavior). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that levels of active outdoor play were associated with parental perceptions of neighborhood safety and traffic levels, even after other factors were controlled for (i.e., family income). The results are discussed from a bioecological systems perspective. Implications for policy makers and parents are considered.
Epidemiology of Field of Vision Disorders (eFOVID) study, Western Australia, 1988–2022. Report 1: Data collection and aggregation protocol
Authors: Manners Siobhan , Morgan William , Morlet Nigel , Meuleners Lynn , Liu Wei , Morlet Hector , Ng Jonathon Q.
Published: July 2024

Background

Computerised static visual field testing using dedicated machines such as the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) can assess and track changes in visual field sensitivity. The use of retrospective visual field databases is a novel undertaking, with no studies published utilising large scale population‐level data. This study phase developed a method to extract HFA data into a large standardised population‐based database including point sensitivity data with additional derived variables.

Methods

Retrospective, longitudinal, population study of visual field data from people who attended an ophthalmology service and had a HFA field test, in Western Australia, between 1988 and 2022. Raw test data included patient demographic fields, sensitivity readings and test parameters. Calculated fields included reliability scores, and a novel combined reliability score.

Results

There were 606 230 tests for 92 215 study individuals, from 22 ophthalmology practices in metropolitan Perth and three public hospital eye clinics, representing around 85% of the field tests performed by ophthalmologists each year. Raw sensitivity values were available for all tests, and additional descriptors were available for most tests (97.5%–100% of tests) with the exception of data variables retired by the manufacturer.

Conclusions

Visual field data from 606 230 tests were collated into a single dataset, which is highly representative over a long period of time, for a defined population. This dataset has been linked to other administrative datasets to allow for epidemiological investigation of field of vision disorders.
‘Crossed the line’: Sexuality discourses of motherhood under 15 years in Uganda
Authors: Kamusiime Annah
Published: July 2024

Motherhood under 15 years is constructed as having crossed the line of societal morals and this construction shapes the provision of sexual and reproductive health services (SRH) for mothers under 15 years in Uganda. Using collaborative ethnography and through the lens of discourses and governmentality, I established that adolescent pregnancy is constructed within normative discourses enshrouded in religious and cultural values. What is constructed as non‐normative is regulated through restrictive SRH policies and penalizing discourses which inhibit access to SRH services and care. A paradigm shift in adolescent SRH policies that are rooted in human rights and equity is one alternative required.
Swimming capacity and behaviour of juvenile round goby (Neogobius melanostomus)
Authors: Chow Eddie , Zarini Sina , Coffield Olivia , Chippindale Quinn , Balshine Sigal
Published: July 2024

The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is an example of an invasive species where the adults are unimpressive swimmers and yet via human activities, they have managed to rapidly invade the Laurentian Great Lakes, the Baltic Sea and many rivers in Western Europe. The secondary spread from human‐impacted sites has been attributed to adult life stages, despite their poor swimming capacity. However, the swimming capacity of early life stages of round goby has not been considered before. We therefore quantified critical swimming performance (Ucrit), sprint swimming performance (Usprint), burst swimming speeds and swimming behaviours in early juvenile round goby that ranged between 10 and 25 mm in body length. The average Ucrit, Usprint and burst speeds of these fish were an impressive 0.22, 0.34 and 0.67 m/s respectively, with the capacity of these early juveniles ranging between 41 and 79% of what has been documented for adults. Notably, fish spent more time actively swimming as current speed increased, while station holding decreased. Taken together, our findings highlight that despite their small size, early juvenile round goby are not simply passively moved by currents but have movement capacities that approach that of the much larger adults. Our study emphasizes the need to consider the swimming capacity of all life stages as this information will better predict dispersal and range expansion and will help to design mitigation efforts to potentially prevent the spread of this and other invasive species.
Banking on railroads: The effect of market access on banking provision during the Gilded Age
Authors: Chan Jeff
Published: July 2024

I examine the effect that market access, induced by the railroad network expansion, had on banking provision in nineteenth‐century America. I find that market access increased the number of national banks. This effect operated via the extensive margin, with market access increasing the probability of having a national bank for affected counties. I find that counties had more national bank activity, with increased assets, loans, deposits, and other outcomes. I do not, however, find any effect of market access on banks already in operation. Market access therefore increased banking provision chiefly through the increased entry of national banks.
A methodological synthesis of narrative inquiry research in applied linguistics: What's the story?
Authors: Ghanbar Hessameddin , Cinaglia Carlo , Randez Robert A. , De Costa Peter I.
Published: July 2024

Narrative inquiry has gained traction in applied linguistics as a complementary approach to positivistic research, focusing on the subjectivities of individuals’ lived experiences and using stories as data, analytical tools, and reporting practice. Although numerous methodologically oriented publications on narrative inquiry in the field reflect its vitality, scholars have raised questions about the complexity and ambiguity underlying what exactly constitutes narrative inquiry. While methodological diversity within narrative inquiry can signal innovation, it can also create uncertainty for novice and experienced scholars engaging with the methodology for the first time. To address these concerns, we conducted a systematic methodological synthesis of narrative inquiry studies in applied linguistics published from 2012 to 2022. Specifically, we searched 12 top‐tier applied linguistics journals and developed a corpus of 291 articles. We coded our corpus according to four areas: (a) theoretical framing, (b) demographic characteristics, (c) methodological design, and (d) reporting of ethics, researcher positionality, and funding status. We discuss our results in light of previous thematic reviews of narrative inquiry in applied linguistics, and we offer empirically grounded recommendations for scholars engaging with narrative inquiry. Our study responds to calls for greater methodological transparency in applied linguistics in general and methodological investment in narrative inquiry in particular.
A global perspective on the treatment and maintenance of mature skin using gentle cleansers and moisturizers
Authors: Fluhr Joachim W. , Alexis Andrew F. , Andriessen Anneke , Ferero Barrios Olga L. , Bjerring Peter , Foley Peter , Gold Michael H. , Kaderbhai Hashim , Zhang Chengfeng
Published: July 2024

Xerosis is highly prevalent in the population aged over 50 years and substantially impacts quality of life due to the associated stigma, related pruritus, and potential sequelae. We propose that the term mature xerosis be used for subjects over 50 who suffer from age‐related xerosis and replace senile xerosis to describe the phenomenon. The etiology of xerosis depends on genetic and environmental factors that affect stratum corneum hydration and skin barrier function. Skincare to restore barrier function is essential in xerosis treatment and is relevant for maintaining and preventing its progression. Many moisturizers and cleansers are available for xerosis; however, they are underutilized by patients with mature xerosis. A panel of eight global dermatologists reviewed the unique aspects of xerosis in mature skin and discussed the specific needs, relevance, and considerations for skincare selection to prevent, treat, and maintain skin with mature xerosis. The panel selected five statements based on evidence from a literature review and the panel's clinical experience to provide clinical considerations and recommendations for dermatologists and other healthcare providers treating patients with mature xerosis. Increased recognition of the burden of xerosis in mature skin is warranted. Gentle cleansers and barrier‐restoring ceramide‐containing moisturizers are essential to xerosis management, reducing signs and symptoms of xerosis, including associated pruritus.
Co‐constructing cooperative value ecosystems: A critical realist perspective
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zamani Efpraxia D. , Gerli Paolo , Mora Luca
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on digital platform cooperatives (DPCs) and investigates how social value is created within platform cooperativism for fostering a more equitable and inclusive digital landscape. We explore and theorise the outcomes of social value creation by DPCs and identify the generative mechanisms that drive their emergence. We do this by adopting a Critical Realism philosophical stance, in combination with Grounded Theory techniques based on the Straussian version of coding. Our data is drawn from 36 interviews with DPC (co‐)founders, members, and experts, alongside an array of documentary data from DPCs across 12 European countries. Our analysis reveals three outcomes of social value creation by DPCs: strengthening community capacities, federating cooperative ventures, and fostering practices for narrative co‐creation. Additionally, we identify two generative mechanisms with enduring properties and explanatory power: collective identity and empowerment, and government‐community symbiosis. These mechanisms are identified through retroductive theorising, offering plausible explanations for the outcomes of social value creation, situated within relevant contextual conditions, such as grassroots mobilisation and advocacy, institutional commitment and policy support, and legislative frameworks for cooperative integration. This study contributes to the understanding of social value creation in platform cooperativism as an endeavour to co‐construct a cooperative value ecosystem, providing valuable insights for both theory and practice.
The muscle pump activator device: From evidence to lived experiences
Authors: Sibbald R. Gary , Geng Ryan S. Q. , Slomovic Jacqueline , Stacey Michael
Published: July 2024

A chronic wound is one that fails to progress through a normal timely sequence of repair, or in which the repair process fails to restore anatomic and functional integrity after 3 months. The most common chronic wounds include venous, ischaemic and mixed leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers and pressure injuries. Chronic wounds place immense physical and psychosocial burden on patients and exact heavy costs for healthcare systems, with many patients continuing to live with chronic wounds even after all management options have been exhausted. The muscle pump activator (MPA) device can be used to bridge this therapeutic gap. By stimulating the common peroneal nerve to activate venous muscle pump of the leg and foot, the MPA device increases blood flow to the lower leg and foot to improve conditions for healing. Currently, evidence in the literature exist to show that the MPA device improves wound outcomes over standard compression therapy, decreases edema and increases wound healing rates. In this review, we also present a series of chronic wound patients treated with the MPA device in multicentre clinics to demonstrate the ability of the MPA device to improve wound outcomes, reduce pain and edema and improve patient quality of life.
Hypomagnesaemia, an independent risk factor for the development of post‐transplant diabetes mellitus in liver and renal transplant recipients? A systematic review
Authors: Chen Shujie , Bowen David Geoffrey , Liu Ken , Vidot Helen
Published: July 2024

Background

Post‐transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is common after solid organ transplantation. In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in the association between hypomagnesaemia and the development of PTDM. This systematic review aimed to investigate the current knowledge regarding the association between hypomagnesaemia and PTDM in adult liver and renal transplant recipients.

Methods

A literature search of five databases, Medline, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus and Google Scholar, as well as article reference lists, was performed. Eligible studies that focused on adult liver and renal transplant recipients without pretransplantation hyperglycaemia or diabetes were included. Other eligibility criteria included quantitative studies which reported magnesium concentrations, studies with at least 6 months of follow‐up, and studies published in English. The Newcastle–Ottawa Assessment Tool was used for the quality assessment.

Results

In total, 12 studies were included in the final analysis. Eleven focused on renal transplantation and one on liver transplantation. All studies were medium to high quality with eight out of 12 achieving the highest rating of nine. Eight studies found a negative association between either pretransplant or early post‐transplant serum magnesium concentration and the risk of PTDM, three studies found no association between these two variables, and one study found a positive association between the magnesium concentration at 8 weeks after transplantation and glycosylated haemoglobin A1C.

Conclusions

Further large‐scale prospective studies with at least 6 months of follow‐up are needed to confirm these findings, particularly in liver transplantation, to further clarify and explore the relationship between hypomagnesaemia and PTDM.
Designing circular economy strategies in distributed generation for small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises using Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: González‐Domínguez Jaime , Sánchez‐Barroso Gonzalo , Zamora‐Polo Francisco , García‐Sanz‐Calcedo Justo
Published: July 2024

The circular economy (CE) strategies in energy communities enable firms to efficiently manage the excess of photovoltaic energy they produce, and thereby enhance their sustainability. Thus, the present research aims to compare the economic and financial profitability and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of shared photovoltaic self‐consumption versus individual self‐consumption in the region of Extremadura (Spain). Six firms with complementary energy profiles were selected, analyzing their hourly energy consumption. In addition, the Monte Carlo method was used to generate 30,000 simulations, reducing the uncertainty caused by the variability of the firms' energy consumption. The results show that collective generation covers the energy needs more efficiently, reducing the cost of energy consumed by 14.38% and generating better cost–benefit ratio. They also show that the CE strategy of the energy community allows firms to obtain a considerable reduction of GHG emissions associated with the photovoltaic energy consumed.
Mapping the global mass flow of seaweed: Cultivation to industry application
Authors: Janke Liam
Published: July 2024

The global flows of cultivated seaweed were estimated for the year 2019 using a combination of literature review, assumptions, and simple conservation of mass calculations. Red seaweeds were found to be the largest contributors to the hydrocolloids industry, for both food and non‐food applications. Carrageenan‐containing species were found to be the largest contributors to both food (62%) and non‐food (55%) hydrocolloids and are the primary source for water gels, which make up 27% of non‐food hydrocolloids, followed by pet food (16%), toothpaste (6%), and others (6%). Carrageenan also accounts for almost all meat products, which make up 35% of the food hydrocolloid industry, and dairy products, which make up 26%. Agar‐containing seaweeds are used in confections (10% of food hydrocolloids), baking (9%), and other (2%) and make up 15% of non‐food hydrocolloids. Porphyra (nori) is cultivated for direct consumption and makes up 23% of direct food consumption. Cultivated brown seaweeds were found to comprise Laminaria/Saccharina for alginate production (30%), Laminaria/Saccharina for direct consumption (44%), and Undaria for direct consumption (16%). About half of the alginates produced make up 18% of food hydrocolloids, and the other half is used in non‐food hydrocolloids comprising technical grades (28% of non‐food) and animal feed (3%). The results are discussed in the context of emerging markets for seaweed and the potential for seaweeds as a substitute for staple foods, and the environmental impact of seaweed farming is explored through a review of life cycle assessment studies.
A common variant in the iron regulatory gene (Hfe) alters the metabolic and transcriptional landscape in brain regions vulnerable to neurodegeneration
Authors: Marshall Moscon Savannah , Neely Elizabeth , Proctor Elizabeth , Connor James
Published: July 2024

The role of iron dyshomeostasis in neurodegenerative disease has implicated the involvement of genes that regulate brain iron. The homeostatic iron regulatory gene (HFE) has been at the forefront of these studies given the role of the H63D variant (H67D in mice) in increasing brain iron load. Despite iron's role in oxidative stress production, H67D mice have shown robust protection against neurotoxins and improved recovery from intracerebral hemorrhage. Previous data support the notion that H67D mice adapt to the increased brain iron concentrations and hence develop a neuroprotective environment. This adaptation is particularly evident in the lumbar spinal cord (LSC) and ventral midbrain (VM), both relevant to neurodegeneration. We studied C57BL6/129 mice with homozygous H67D compared to WT HFE. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze dopaminergic (in the VM) and motor (in the LSC) neuron population maturation in the first 3 months. Immunoblotting was used to measure protein carbonyl content and the expression of oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Seahorse assay was used to analyze metabolism of mitochondria isolated from the LSC and VM. Finally, a Nanostring transcriptomic analysis of genes relevant to neurodegeneration within these regions was performed. Compared to WT mice, we found no difference in the viability of motor neurons in the LSC, but the dopaminergic neurons in H67D mice experienced significant decline before 3 months of age. Both regions in H67D mice had alterations in oxidative phosphorylation complex expression indicative of stress adaptation. Mitochondria from both regions of H67D mice demonstrated metabolic differences compared to WT. Transcriptional differences in these regions of H67D mice were related to cell structure and adhesion as well as cell signaling. Overall, we found that the LSC and VM undergo significant and distinct metabolic and transcriptional changes in adaptation to iron‐related stress induced by the H67D HFE gene variant.

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Effects of endotracheal suctioning duration cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants
Authors: Merter Ozlem Selime , Dertli Semiha , Taskin Erdal , Aydin Mustafa , Benli Samet
Published: July 2024

Aim

This study evaluates the effects of endotracheal suctioning duration on cerebral oxygenation and physiological parameters in preterm infants in intensive care.

Design

Prospective and observational study.

Method

In this study, 51 preterm infants born at 28–34 weeks of gestation in NICU were evaluated. Cerebral oxygenation was measured before, during, and after endotracheal suctioning with near‐infrared spectroscopy. Pain levels of the infants were with N‐PASS scale.

Results

A negative correlation was found between the lowest cerebral oxygenation value during endotracheal suctioning and the duration of endotracheal suctioning. Cerebral oxygenation levels during endotracheal suctioning were lower than pre‐ and post‐endotracheal suctioning levels. Higher cerebral oxygenation was observed in infants whose endotracheal aspiration time was less than 13 s. The duration of endotracheal suctioning was positively correlated with pain and cerebral oxygenation stabilization time.

Conclusion

Prolonged endotracheal suctioning duration negatively affects cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants. The study suggests an optimal endotracheal suctioning duration under 13 s.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Properly executed endotracheal suctioning, with the correct technique and knowledge, can alleviate the adverse physiological effects observed in preterm infants and contribute to routine nursing care in intensive care units.

Reporting Method

This study has been reported in line with STROBE checklists.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution was required to design or undertake this research. Patients contributed only to the data collection.

Impact

This study contributes to defining the ideal endotracheal aspiration duration, as there is not enough data so far. It showed the effect of prolonged endotracheal aspiration time on cerebral oxygenation, pain and physiological parameters in preterm infants.
SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein acts as a β‐adrenergic receptor agonist: A potential mechanism for cardiac sequelae of long COVID
Authors: Deng Xiangning , Cui Hongtu , Liang Hao , Wang Xinyu , Yu Haiyi , Wang Jingjia , Wang Wenyao , Liu Dongyang , Zhang Youyi , Dong Erdan , Tang Yida , Xiao Han
Published: July 2024

Background

Currently, pathophysiological mechanisms of post‐acute sequelae of coronavirus disease‐19‐cardiovascular syndrome (PASC‐CVS) remain unknown.

Methods and results

Patients with PASC‐CVS exhibited significantly higher circulating levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 spike protein S1 than the non‐PASC‐CVS patients and healthy controls. Moreover, individuals with high plasma spike protein S1 concentrations exhibited elevated heart rates and normalized low frequency, suggesting cardiac β‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) hyperactivity. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) assay revealed that the spike protein bound to β1‐ and β2‐AR, but not to D1‐dopamine receptor. These interactions were blocked by β1‐ and β2‐AR blockers. Molecular docking and MST assay of β‐AR mutants revealed that the spike protein interacted with the extracellular loop 2 of both β‐ARs. In cardiomyocytes, spike protein dose‐dependently increased the cyclic adenosine monophosphate production with or without epinephrine, indicating its allosteric effects on β‐ARs.

Conclusion

Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 spike proteins act as an allosteric β‐AR agonist, leading to cardiac β‐AR hyperactivity, thus contributing to PASC‐CVS.
General estimation results for tdVARMA array models
Authors: Alj Abdelkamel , Azrak Rajae , Mélard Guy
Published: July 2024

The article will focus on vector autoregressive‐moving average (VARMA) models with time‐dependent coefficients (td) to represent general nonstationary time series, not necessarily Gaussian. The coefficients depend on time, possibly on the length of the series , hence the name tdVARMA for the models, but not necessarily on the rescaled time . As a consequence of the dependency on of the model, we need to consider array processes instead of stochastic processes. Under appropriate assumptions, it is shown that a Gaussian quasi‐maximum likelihood estimator is consistent in probability and asymptotically normal. The theoretical results are illustrated using three examples of bivariate processes, the first two with marginal heteroscedasticity. The first example is a tdVAR(1) process while the second example is a tdVMA(1) process. In these two cases, the finite‐sample behavior is checked via a Monte Carlo simulation study. The results are compatible with the asymptotic properties even for small . A third example shows the application of the tdVARMA models for a real time series.
Differential HBV replicative markers and covalently closed circular DNA transcription in immune‐active chronic hepatitis B with and without HBeAg
Authors: Kim Hye Seon , Kim Jin Seoub , Kim Ji Min , Han Ji Won , Lee Soon Kyu , Nam Heechul , Sung Pil Soo , Kwon Jung Hyun , Bae Si Hyun , Choi Jong Young , Yoon Seung Kew , Jang Jeong Won
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Molecular processes driving immune‐active chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with and without hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate expression profiles of serum and intrahepatic HBV markers and replicative activity of HBV in CHB patients with or without HBeAg.

Methods

This study recruited 111 untreated immune‐active CHB (60 HBeAg‐positive and 51 HBeAg‐negative) patients and quantified intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), pre‐genomic RNA (pgRNA), total HBV DNA (tDNA), and replicative intermediates as well as serum HBV markers (HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B core‐related antigen). Correlations between HBV markers and clinico‐virological factors influencing expression levels of HBV markers were analysed.

Results

Levels of all serum markers and intrahepatic cccDNA/tDNA as well as cccDNA transcriptional activity and virion productivity were significantly reduced in HBeAg‐negative patients compared to those in HBeAg‐positive patients. Additionally, correlations between intrahepatic cccDNA/pgRNA and serum markers were impaired in HBeAg‐negative individuals. Aminotransferase levels were positively correlated with cccDNA transcriptional activity in HBeAg‐positive patients, but not in HBeAg‐negative patients. Notably, among HBeAg‐positive patients, there was a progressive decline in pgRNA level, transcriptional activity, and serum HBV markers as liver fibrosis advanced, which was not observed in HBeAg‐negative patients.

Conclusions

HBeAg loss is correlated with diminished intrahepatic HBV reservoirs and cccDNA transcription, leading to decreased serum HBV marker levels. Circulating HBV markers are not reliable indicators of intrahepatic HBV replicative activity for HBeAg‐negative patients. Our findings reveal distinct disease phenotypes between immune‐active CHB with and without HBeAg, highlighting the need to establish optimal surrogate biomarkers that can accurately mirror intrahepatic viral activity to aid in decision‐making for antiviral therapy for immune‐active CHB.
Dissecting the molecular basis of the ultra‐large grain formation in rice
Authors: Li Fengcheng , Wu Lian , Li Xiang , Chai Yanan , Ruan Nan , Wang Ye , Xu Na , Yu Zhiwen , Wang Xiaoche , Chen Hao , Lu Jiahao , Xu Hai , Xu Zhengjin , Chen Wenfu , Xu Quan
Published: July 2024

The shape of rice grains not only determines the thousand‐grain weight but also correlates closely with the grain quality.

Here we identified an ultra‐large grain accession (ULG) with a thousand‐grain weight exceeding 60 g. The integrated analysis of QTL, BSA, de novo genome assembled, transcription sequencing, and gene editing was conducted to dissect the molecular basis of the ULG formation.

The ULG pyramided advantageous alleles from at least four known grain‐shaping genes, OsLG3, OsMADS1, GS3, GL3.1, and one novel locus, qULG2‐b, which encoded a leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase. The collective impacts of OsLG3, OsMADS1, GS3, and GL3.1 on grain size were confirmed in transgenic plants and near‐isogenic lines. The transcriptome analysis identified 112 genes cooperatively regulated by these four genes that were prominently involved in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism. By leveraging the pleiotropy of these genes, we enhanced the grain yield, appearance, and stress tolerance of rice var. SN265.

Beyond showcasing the pyramiding of multiple grain size regulation genes that can produce ULG, our study provides a theoretical framework and valuable genomic resources for improving rice variety by leveraging the pleiotropy of grain size regulated genes.
Testing the ectomycorrhizal‐dominance hypothesis for ecosystem multifunctionality in a subtropical mountain forest
Authors: Luo Ya‐Huang , Ma Liang‐Liang , Cadotte Marc W. , Seibold Sebastian , Zou Jia‐Yun , Burgess Kevin S. , Tan Shao‐Lin , Ye Lin‐Jiang , Zheng Wei , Chen Zhi‐Fa , Liu De‐Tuan , Zhu Guang‐Fu , Shi Xiao‐Chun , Zhao Wei , Bi Zheng , Huang Xiang‐Yuan , Li Jia‐Hua , Liu Jie , Li De‐Zhu , Gao Lian‐Ming
Published: July 2024

Mycorrhizal associations are key mutualisms that shape the structure of forest communities and multiple ecosystem functions. However, we lack a framework for predicting the varying dominance of distinct mycorrhizal associations in an integrated proxy of multifunctionality across ecosystems.

Here, we used the datasets containing diversity of mycorrhizal associations and 18 ecosystem processes related to supporting, provisioning, and regulating services to examine how the dominance of ectomycorrhiza (EcM) associations affects ecosystem multifunctionality in subtropical mountain forests in Southwest China. Meanwhile, we synthesized the prevalence of EcM‐dominant effects on ecosystem functioning in forest biomes.

Our results demonstrated that elevation significantly modified the distributions of EcM trees and fungal dominance, which in turn influenced multiple functions simultaneously. Multifunctionality increased with increasing proportion of EcM associations, supporting the ectomycorrhizal‐dominance hypothesis. Meanwhile, we observed that the impacts of EcM dominance on individual ecosystem functions exhibited different relationships among forest biomes.

Our findings highlight the importance of ectomycorrhizal dominance in regulating multifunctionality in subtropical forests. However, this ectomycorrhizal feedback in shaping ecosystem functions cannot necessarily be generalized across forests. Therefore, we argue that the predictions for ecosystem multifunctionality in response to the shifts of mycorrhizal composition could vary across space and time.
Panorama of small millets breeding: A review
Authors: Nagaraja T. E. , Gazala Parveen S. , Meenakshi J. , Murtujasab S. , Chetana  , Manjunatha M. , Bhat Sujata , Nandini C.
Published: July 2024

Small millets, also known as nutri‐cereals, belong to the grass family Poaceae that have tiny seeds and are drought and heat tolerant, besides being powerhouse of nutrition, hence making them ideal crops that shall combat not just food and nutritional security but also adapt well to the changing climatic conditions. They grow well on marginal soil and require least resources for their cultivation. Nutritional superiority to popularly cultivated major cereals makes them a magnificent alternative food especially in the age of lifestyle related disorders. In this review, we provide insights of the initial commencement of research on small millets and deliberate the breeding progress based on conventional and genomics‐based approaches. The small millets under discussion are finger millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, little millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet and browntop millet. The major focus here is to recapitulate the breeding activities in the above‐mentioned millets rather than providing a way forward for breeding small millets.
Altered cerebellar effective connectivity in first‐episode schizophrenia and long‐term changes after treatment
Authors: Wei Xia , Cao Hengyi , Luo Chunyan , Zhao Qiannan , Xia Chao , Li Ziyu , Liu Zhiqin , Zhang Wenjing , Gong Qiyong , Lui Su
Published: July 2024

Aim

Cerebello‐cortical functional dysconnectivity plays a key role in the pathology of schizophrenia (SZ). We aimed to investigate the changes in cerebello‐cortical directional connectivity in patients with SZ.

Methods

A total of 180 drug‐naïve patients with first‐episode SZ (54 reassessed after 1 year of treatment) and 166 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to perform Granger causal analysis, in which each of the nine cerebellar functional systems was defined as a seed. The observed effective connectivity (EC) alterations at baseline were further assessed at follow‐up and were associated with changes in psychotic symptom.

Results

We observed increased bottom‐up EC in first‐episode SZ from the cerebellum to the cerebrum (e.g. from the cerebellar attention and cingulo‐opercular systems to the bilateral angular gyri, and from the cerebellar cingulo‐opercular system to the right inferior frontal gyrus). In contrast, decreased top‐down EC in the first‐episode SZ was mainly from the cerebrum to the cerebellum (e.g. from the right inferior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left putamen, and right angular gyrus to the cerebellar language system). After 1 year of antipsychotic treatment, information projections from the cerebrum to the cerebellum were partly restored and positively related to symptom remission.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that decreased top‐down EC during the acute phase of SZ may be a state‐dependent alteration related to symptoms and medication. However, increased bottom‐up EC may reflect a persistent pathological trait.
Effects of an 8‐week high‐dose vitamin D supplementation on fatigue and neuropsychiatric manifestations in post‐COVID syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Charoenporn Veevarin , Tungsukruthai Parunkul , Teacharushatakit Pitchapa , Hanvivattanakul Sirashat , Sriyakul Kusuma , Sukprasert Sophida , Kamalashiran Chuntida , Tungsukruthai Sucharat , Charernboon Thammanard
Published: July 2024

Aim

This study evaluated the effectiveness of high‐dose vitamin D supplementation in alleviating fatigue and neuropsychiatric symptoms in post‐COVID syndrome.

Methods

In an 8‐week, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial, 80 patients with post‐COVID fatigue or neuropsychiatric symptoms were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 60,000 IU of vitamin D weekly (n = 40) or a placebo (n = 40) for 8 weeks. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the 11‐item Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFQ‐11); 21‐item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS‐21); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE); and Trail Making Test A and B (TMT‐A and TMT‐B). Baseline and 8‐week measurements of inflammatory markers, including interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and C‐reactive protein (CRP), were also collected.

Results

Significant improvements were found in the vitamin D group for CFQ (coefficient −3.5, P = 0.024), DASS‐anxiety (−2.0, P = 0.011), and ACE (2.1, P = 0.012). No significant differences were observed in PSQI, DASS‐depression, TMT, IL‐6, or CRP levels. The incidence of adverse events was comparable between groups, with no serious adverse events reported.

Conclusion

High‐dose vitamin D supplementation may benefit patients with post‐COVID syndrome by reducing fatigue, alleviating anxiety, and improving cognitive symptoms, with minimal side effects.