bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
4d Electronic structure analysis of ruthenium in the perovskite oxides by Ru K- and L-edge XAS
Authors: Kim Jong-Young , Hwang Sung-Ho , Kim Seung-Joo , Demazeau Gérard , Choy Jin-Ho , Shimada Hiromichi
Published: July 2002

The 4d electronic structure of ruthenium in the perovskite oxides, La2MRuIVO6 (M = Zn, Mg, and Li) and Ba2YRuVO6, has been investigated by the Ru K-and L-edge XANES and EXAFS analyses. Such X-ray absorption spectroscopic results clarify that the RuIV (d
4) and RuV (d
3) ions are stabilized in nearly regular O

h
site. Comparing the Ru L-edge XANES spectra of perovskites containing isovalent ruthenium, it has been found that the t
2g state is mainly influenced by A site cation, whereas the e
g is mainly affected by neighboring B site cation. The experimental EXAFS spectra in the range of R ≤ ∼4.5 Å are well reproduced by ab-initio calculation based on crystallographic data, which supports the long-range structure presented by Rietveld refinement.
EXAFS study of glass transition in K1–x
(NH4)
x
I
Authors: Yagi Kenichiro , Sakaue Kiyoshi , Terauchi Hikaru
Published: July 2002

The iodine K-edge EXAFS study of K1−x
(NH4)
x
I mixed crystals was performed to clarify the local structure of the dipole glass associated with the random reorientational freezing of ammonium ions. The pair-distribution function of the nearest iodine-iodine ions is strongly reduced with increasing ammonium concentration. The reduction originates in the local distortion of lattice induced by the short-range antiferroelectric order of ammonium ions. We discuss the relationship between the reorientational freezing of ammonium ions and the local distortion of lattice in comparison with the results of X-ray diffraction measurements.
XANES analysis of sulfur form change during pyrolysis of coals
Authors: Sugawara Katsuyasu , Enda Yukio , Sugawara Takuo , Shirai Masayuki
Published: July 2002

Three kinds of coal and their density separated samples were rapidly pyrolyzed in a free-fall reactor under a nitrogen stream at a terminal temperature of 1253 K. X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis was applied to directly determine the sulfur forms in the coal and pyrolysis char. The results showed that the low-density group contained sulfide and sulfoxide, which could contribute to the high extent of organic sulfur removal. Thermally stable thiophenic sulfur was observed in the higher density groups as a major form of organic sulfur.
Studies on intake of heavy metals by Bradybaena similaris, land snails, by XAFS measurement
Authors: Yasoshima Mitsuko , Matsuo Motoyuki , Kuno Akihito , Takano Bokuichiro
Published: July 2002

We have applied XAFS in order to determine both the chemical form and the place where heavy metals are stored in cultivated land snails. From Cu and Zn XANES spectra, the shells showed similar patterns as those of soft tissues and not like carbonates. This indicates that heavy metals are not completely taken into carbonate structures but are present within organic components in the shells. In addition, Cu XANES spectra of the samples showed low absorption edge-energy in the order of hepatopancreas, mantle, body, and shell. By comparing samples with standard reagents, each of which has only S- or O-ligand, it was found that the metals in hepatopancreas exist mostly as S-bound chemical components. To quantify the relative abundance of S-bound chemical component, partial least-squares (PLS) regression was applied. The PLS result indicated that for Cu, S-bound compound was higher in the order of hepatopancreas > mantle > body >shell.
In situ XAS study of Li
x
Ni0.7Fe0.15Co0.15O2 cathode material
Authors: Mansour Azzam N. , Croguennec Laurence , Prado G. , Delmas Claude
Published: July 2002

We have examined the oxidation states and local atomic structures of Ni, Fe, and Co in LixNi0.7Fe0.15Co0.15O2 as a function of Li content during the first charge in a Li//LixNi0.7Fe0.15Co0.15O2 nonaqueous cell. We show that the composition of the material in the pristine state is more accurately described by Li0.95Ni(II)0.09Ni(III)0.66Fe(III)0.15Co(III)0.15O2. Half of the Ni(II) resides in Li-vacant sites. Both Fe and Co substitute for Ni within the NiO2 slabs with no significant amounts of Fe or Co that can be attributed to Li-vacant sites. The local structure parameters are consistent with oxidation states observed on the basis of the XANES data. The Ni K-edge energy continuously shifts to a higher energy with decrease in Li content due to oxidation of Ni(II) to Ni(III) and Ni(III) to Ni(IV). After the complete oxidation of Ni(III) to Ni(IV), the Fe K-edge energy begins to increase with further decrease in Li content indicating the oxidation of Fe(III) to Fe(IV). The Co K-edge energy at half-height, on the other hand, is unchanged during the whole range of Li deintercalation indicating that no significant change in the oxidation state of Co occurs upon the complete removal of Li.
Quantitative analysis of two-component samples using in-line hard X-ray images
Authors: Gureyev T. E. , Stevenson A. W. , Paganin D. M. , Weitkamp T. , Snigirev A. , Snigireva I. , Wilkins S. W.
Published: July 2002

Methods for rapid quantitative phase-sensitive X-ray imaging of non-crystalline samples consisting of two distinct components are investigated. The transverse spatial distribution of the projected thickness of each component is reconstructed by computer processing of in-line images collected using synchrotron-generated hard X-rays and a position-sensitive detector with submicrometre spatial resolution. Different imaging techniques and associated image-processing algorithms are considered, with relative advantages and difficulties of each approach compared. A possible generalization of the method for the case of n-component samples is briefly discussed.
Engine vibration analysis
Authors: Ford Terry
Published: July 2002

Describes the piezoelectric accelerometer used for vibration monitoring and analysis and discusses its use. Reports on an advanced technique developed by Rolls‐Royce for application in a test cell ‐ the scanning laser Doppler vibrometer.
Three aspects of aerospace safety
Authors: Ford Terry
Published: July 2002

Looks at three aspects of aerospace safety: accidents involving controlled flight into terrain and the developments and training introduced to avoid the risks involved; regulations relating to passenger cabin aisles and access to emergency exits; and human factors in airline maintenance, illustrating how apparently simple maintenance oversights can contribute to major disasters. Discusses what is required to lessen the safety inadequacies in each aspect.
Modern sandwich core materials offer new attractive design possibilities
Authors: Imhof Bruno
Published: July 2002

Activities in trying to make the airplane interiors more attractive to passengers increase the demand for complex, three‐dimensional sandwich structural parts. The realization of three‐dimensional contours often failed in the past, due to a lack of process ability or the enormous production costs caused by the processing of conventional phenolic cores. The new structural foam cores based on thermoplastic polytherimide (PEI), AIREX R92, offer the highest design freedom in combination with a reduction of the processing costs. Furthermore, they fulfil the highest possible fire‐smoke‐toxicity specifications.
Heat exchangers play a key role in today’s sophisticated avionics systems
Authors: Gosling David , Upton Keith
Published: July 2002

Wolverhampton‐based IMI Marston, a wholly owned subsidiary of IMI plc, employs over 500 personnel in five product groups. Its highly successful Aerospace Heat Transfer Group designs and manufactures heat exchangers for a wide marketplace and for a variety of applications. Looks at the increasing complexity of avionics equipment, and the need to dissipate heat in order to maintain a stable operating environment and examines the design, material and process selection in developing materials and products for this sector.
The Prototrak system
Authors: Atherton Nigel
Published: July 2002

Automation first made an impact in the automotive and other mass production markets. This was followed by developments such as computer numerical control that introduced automation to small and medium batch sizes. Until recently, the one‐off and very small batch sizes encountered in toolrooms and prototype production remained the domain of manual machine tools. Describes the Prototrak system which was developed to address this market.
Optimal design and control of gas‐turbine engine components: a multicriteria approach
Authors: Egorov I.N. , Kretinin G.V. , Leshchenko I.A.
Published: July 2002

Discusses a new approach to solving optimal designing and control problems in aircraft gas‐turbine engine components. This approach is a combination of optimal designing problems with optimal control problems, allowing the formation of a single problem of optimal designing of controllable systems. The solving of this problem would involve simultaneous optimization of both design parameters and control laws. Allows the making of technically correct and substantiated decisions, taking into consideration several efficiency criteria for gas‐turbine engine components; a specific feature being the determination of a set of competitive optimal solutions in terms of different efficiency criteria values. Demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach by an example of multicriteria design optimization of a controllable axial flow compressor. Presents the results of a search of compressor blade rows geometrical parameters sets and of compressor stator blades control laws which are Edgeworth‐Pareto optimal for four operating modes. Shows a possibility of increasing compressor efficiency considerably by choosing the most preferable design parameters set and implementing in airborne digital control system a number of control laws optimal for different operating modes.
AEROSIM for modelling, simulation and analysis of aerospace and underwater vehicles
Authors: Marteau Frédérique , Thomasson Peter
Published: July 2002

This paper summarises the work done in the development of a flight simulation software package called AEROSIM by Rapid Data Ltd. The objective of this work is to use simulation and analysis facilities to reduce the development time and costs involved in aerospace vehicle modelling by providing a generic and extendible model combined with a user‐friendly graphical interface. Large parts of six degrees of freedom simulation models are common to all vehicles and AEROSIM exploits this by providing these parts ready written and developed. As a result the users have only to concern themselves with the specific details of their vehicle. AEROSIM generates a non‐linear model for aircraft, missile, airship, parafoil and underwater vehicle simulation.
Ultrasonic fuel gauging
Authors: Ford Terry
Published: July 2002

Explains the development of an ultrasonic fuel gauging system by Smiths Industries in response to Boeing’s desire for a system which offers greater reliability. Looks at components and considerations and discusses current developments.
Matra Marconi Space
Authors: Ford Terry
Published: July 2002

Provides an independent account of the Matra Marconi Space company’s range of engineering activities. Its technologies include earth observation, communications, science, transportation and manned systems.
Sub‐contract inspection for the aerospace industry
Authors: Slater Len
Published: July 2002

Details the service provided by Mitutoyo’s expertise in the inspection of turbine blades for the aerospace industry, along with many other components. Describes the advantages of sub‐contracting inspection of components.
Modeling the unsteady aerodynamic forces of a maneuvering rotor
Authors: Cao Yihua
Published: July 2002

The details of predicting the aerodynamic forces of maneuvering helicopter rotors are discussed in this paper. A new approach to modeling the unsteady rotor aerodynamic forces is presented based on the insight into nonuniform induced velocity distribution, inflow dynamics and unsteady airfoil behavior. For a specified maneuver, the rotor control inputs and helicopter flight attitudes during the maneuvering are first obtained using inverse solution technique, and then the unsteady rotor forces are numerically simulated by synthetically applying the vortex theory, dynamic inflow theory and unsteady airfoil aerodynamic models. Good results of the sample calculations of lateral jink and pop‐up maneuvers are obtained.
Heat‐resistant anti‐corrosive paint from epoxy‐silicone vehicles
Authors: Mathivanan L. , Radhakrishna S.
Published: July 2002

Describes the preparation and properties of heat‐resistant paints based on an epoxy blended with rhodorsil silicone resin. Studies the heat‐resistant properties as per ASTM standard (D 2485‐91). Also determines the properties of the liquid paint and coated metal panels. Assesses the thermal degradation of the coating both by electrochemical (potential vs time and EIS) and structural (SEM) means. Results reveal that the coating is stable up to 200°C on a mild steel surface and degradation takes place only beyond this temperature. Discusses the failure mechanism of the above coating in light of the experiment’s results.
Options for reducing the risk of reinforcement corrosion in R.C. structures and their incorporation into the design process
Authors: Bamforth Phil
Published: July 2002

The paper describes various options which enhance the durability of reinforced concrete by reducing the risk of reinforcement corrosion. These include different cementing systems, chemical admixtures and fibres, and surface treatments and coatings. Models for predicting the time to corrosion are described and the ways in which the different measures influence the critical input parameters are discussed. Durability design is also discussed, the limitations of the current deemed‐to‐satisfy approach are highlighted, and a new performance based method is proposed. Finally, a methodology is proposed for selecting the most cost‐effective options in relation to the required design life of the structure.
Communication or back to Genesis and the House of Babel!
Authors: Bone Dilys
Published: July 2002

What is effective communication? It is the ability to construct the correct language to communicate your company’s message accurately. However, to give greater credibility, the effect of this language must be backed by a sound vocal technique, free from distraction, with the correct vocal dynamics and body language; otherwise the message will lose impact and power. Speaking effectively and well in front of a gathering is something everyone can learn, with the correct training. Language alone is not enough to help you present, negotiate, and meet the ever increasing demands of conferring the benefits and services of your company within an international market.
Managing branding and corporate image for library and information services
Authors: Rowley Jennifer
Published: July 2002

Suggests that the creation of a brand is an important element of the promotional process, and is central to the use of promotion to convey a consistent message to customers about the nature of the organization and its products. Defines the nature of a brand and of associated concepts, such as corporate identity and corporate image. Identifies the benefits and disadvantages of branding. Explores an approach to the creation of a brand for a library and information service.
The origins of the Liverpool public libraries
Authors: Glasgow Eric
Published: July 2002

Presents a short study of the evolution of public libraries in Liverpool, especially as
a major contribution to the civic culture of the Victorian city. Provides a brief survey of the availability of reading materials before William Ewart
and the idea of the public library emerged after 1850. Outlines Liverpool’s pioneering progress in this field, beginning in 1852, and
culminating in its “Brown Library” (1860), and its “Picton Library” (1879). Also provides a history of
Liverpool’s Branch Libraries, fostered by the generosity of Andrew Carnegie. Concludes with references to W.E. Gladstone as a promoter of the
nation‐wide movement for public libraries.
Information skills for open learning: a public library initiative
Authors: Newton Robert , Sutton Audrey , McConnell Mike
Published: July 2002

Early in 1996 South Ayrshire Libraries submitted a proposal to the British Library Research and Innovation Centre’s Digital Libraries Programme, outlining a plan to enhance public library support to users who were engaged in open or distance learning by identifying and classifying a range of learning resources which could be accessed via the Internet. This was to be accomplished by designing and developing a Web‐based directory to support open learners. In addition it was planned that references to locally held open learning material should also be included in the directory. The proposal included a preliminary stage which involved collaboration with the Robert Gordon University School of of Information and Media, to develop information and skills training for independent learners. It was envisaged that this would take the form of a Web‐based resource which collated various learning skills packages which are currently available on the Internet. This could then be used as the basis for developing information skills courses which could be run locally by public library staff. The aim of this paper is to describe the procedure and rationale for developing the Information Skills Web site and to report on progress to date. Examines the question of why information skills training was seen to be a key starting point for the project and the issues and challenges which have surfaced during the development and implementation of the Web site designed to facilitate this training. The Web site itself can be accessed at http://www.rgu.ac.uk/∼sim/staff/mmcc/ ayr/intro.htm
Collecting for the researcher in an electronic environment
Authors: Coutts Margaret M.
Published: July 2002

Against the historical background of the growth of research collections, the scale of developing electronic information is examined, along with its implications for established principles and practice in collection building and service delivery. Existing practices must extend and ultimately change to accommodate the different nature of electronic information. Aspects discussed include selection criteria, effective resource discovery, and the role of metadata and electronic search tools. New developments in resources sharing are indicated. Changes in the physical environment of research collections are discussed, along with the current uncertainties about disposal of hard copy in favour of electronic formats. The need for sound technical planning and support is noted, and the new demands on information specialists are identified. These relate particularly to services which offer advice, guidance and value‐added provision for the researcher. The article concludes that research collections are becoming hybrid resources, extending and enhancing provision for the research community.
Publishers in Victorian England
Authors: Glasgow Eric
Published: July 2002

The enormous growth in publishing in Victorian England is surveyed from its origins in the eighteenth century to the demise, or survival, of principal publishing houses in the twentieth century. The major publishers ‐ Longman, Murray, Smith Elder, Chapman and Hall, Colburn, Bentley, Heinemann, Methuen and Macmillan ‐ are discussed in relation to their authors and publishing successes and failures. The relation between the full‐length book and the major literary journals is discussed and the capitalist, risk taking nature of publishing as a commercial enterprise is emphasised.
Furthest North
Authors: Day Alan
Published: July 2002

Describes the catalogue of the library established on board HMS Assistance, one of the vessels involved in the search for the explorer Sir John Franklin and companions. The catalogue was printed on board ship in 1853.
“Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?” The R.D. MacLeod Lecture, 1997
Authors: Hendry J.D.
Published: July 2002

Addresses the challenge for the library and information profession ‐ in embracing the emerging global information society and the need to manage the changes that come with this. Considers the historical background of public funded libraries of all kinds and the public service ethos which has sustained them over many generations. This ethos is now being challenged in turn by the concept of information as a marketable commodity rather than a right of citizenship. Notes that the forces of the private sector and the market economy are driving the new concept of information as such a marketable commodity, and that there is a clash of values between the earlier traditions which were led by the public sector, and the current situation, driven by the private sector. The conclusion summarises the significance of both a traditional, book‐based culture and that of information and communications technologies and draws a comparison between these and the two cultures of C.P. Snow’s paper of 1959 (The Rede Lecture).
Private camel library brings hope to pastoralists: the Kenyan experience
Authors: Masaranga Atuti Richard , Ikoja‐Odongo J.R.
Published: July 2002

Discusses an innovation in the Kenya National Library Service, the Camel Library Service (CLS) in North Eastern Province, Kenya. Highlights results of an investigation of the impact and the feasibility of the CLS pilot project and its compatibility to the lifestyle of nomadic pastoralists. The instruments used in the survey included questionnaires, interviews, documentary analysis and a literature search. Data from the field was adapted, coded, summarized statistically and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Services (SPSS). The findings show that animal transport (camel) as a mobile library provides an adequate alternative and successful model for a service on wheels. The CLS was also found an effective channel of maximizing the use of National Library information resources by nomadic pastoralists. A review of its performance indicates the project is viable and can be adapted, replicated and expanded.
The effect of automated systems on Jordanian university libraries’ organizational structure
Authors: Razeq Younis Abdul
Published: July 2002

Reviews the higher education movement and the development of universities in Jordan. Reports a study aimed at exploring the effect of automation on academic libraries, organizational structure and technical and administrative services. The study sample constituted 20 libraries. All of 17 (85 per cent) respondent libraries are computerized. Six (35.3 per cent) use MINISIS, nine (52.9 per cent) use CDS/ISIS and two (11.8 per cent) use customized packages. Systems are mostly utilized in technical processing, reference services, bibliographies and acquisitions. The effect which automation has produced on technical and administrative services is evidenced by the establishment of a department for computer applications in nine (52.8 per cent) libraries, the motives of staff and users to use the systems and their satisfaction and acceptance of this technology.The study stressed the need to develop software packages conducive to the Arab libraries, particular needs, plans for academic training, and the necessity for a network linkage, both locally and internationally.
Optimising fisheries information for decision making among Kenyan fish pond smallholders
Authors: Gundu Shibanda George
Published: July 2002

Being a manager of his/her farmholding, the smallholder is described as having objectives and decisions. The smallholder is therefore a decision maker reflecting an organised decision‐making unit. These activities are carried out with the purpose of satisfying the small farmer’s goals as derived from objectives and priorities set. Farm level operations are upheld as a typical goal‐oriented system in which farmers’ decisions are taken in consideration with the prevailing environment and constraints. Chosen for this discussion are the Kisii, Vihiga and Kakamega areas of western Kenya. These areas are characterised by high population density, high agricultural potential area with reduced land, practising permanent cultivation with mixed farming, poverty and low incomes and unsteady food supplies. Basically this describes the smallholder environment and its constraints in relation to fish pond farming. What is apparent is the understanding of the environment and how it shapes the farmers’ operations in directing their decisions with reference to pond fisheries. Covered in this discussion are issues relating to farmer management strategies, decision‐making processes, decision making at the farm level and the information application processes.
Biological examination and assay of metalworking fluids
Authors: Barr Aleyn R.M.
Published: July 2002

Some of the mechanisms involved in the microbial colonisation and biodeterioration of metalworking fluids are described in an attempt to design a more realistic and meaningful laboratory assay procedure. The history of bioassay techniques is reviewed and the nature and composition of metalworking fluids is examined. Maximisation of the performance of biocides against micro‐organisms and the influence of tramp oil contamination is assessed.
The influence of tribological properties of lubricating oils on the reliability of gears
Authors: Rakić Radoslav
Published: July 2002

The main role of the gears is to ensure smoothness and noiseless service, required power transmission, precision of processing, necessary degree of efficiency and so on. Lubrication is of significant importance to the protection of gears from tribological processes which cause failure of gears. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of lubricating oils on the reliability of gears. The experimental investigation of the influence of some industrial oils on the tribological behaviour of gears of machine tools has been carried out at a metalworking factory. The paper presents the following: the classification of industrial oils for gears; the flow‐chart of the choice of the industrial oil for gears; the analysis of the symptoms and the causes of failure to gears; the reliability curves of gears in the function of tribological properties of lubricating oils under the operating conditions of investigation here presented. The reliability of gears was found to be affected by both the type of lubricating oil and the viscosity grade.
Lifelong learning: practice and possibility in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry
Authors: FitzSimons Gail E.
Published: July 2002

Seeks to address issues associated with lifelong learning from the perspective of teaching and curriculum practice in the areas of mathematics and technology in an Australian pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise. Its aim is to reflect on research‐based innovative course delivery in the field specified to indicate possibilities in education for lifelong learning. Following discussion of lifelong learning, issues important to the industry will be outlined. A brief description is given of some nationally accredited curricular modules for operators in this industry. In particular, the mathematics modules were perceived by operators as discouraging and even threatening. However, it was, and is, possible to work around atomised modules such as these to operate more holistically to integrate workers’ breadth and depth of prior experience across a broadened view of curriculum in a manner that enhances rather than hinders lifelong learning.
Assessing the benefits of learning logs
Authors: Barclay Jean
Published: July 2002

Looks at learning logs and their relevance in the context of self‐development in organizations and in education ‐ especially within skills development programmes.
Action learning comes of age ‐ part 2: action learning for whom?
Authors: O’Hara Suzanne , Beaty Liz , Lawson John , Bourner Tom
Published: July 2002

Examines recent changes in further education colleges and colleges’ greater responsiveness to the needs of employers and students. Explores the development of a model of responsiveness, the main ways in which responsiveness is changing and future directions for colleges. Concludes that colleges’ responsiveness to employer needs will continue to be influenced by financial and commercial decisions, and the needs of wider communities.
Developing a competence‐based teacher education programme in Swaziland
Authors: Mndebele Comfort B.S.
Published: July 2002

The workplace of the twenty‐first century will be, in many respects, significantly different from that of today; therefore, vocational educational graduates need to be prepared for the changes expected in the workplace. Calls for vocational teacher education programmes that incorporate critical skills for high school vocational teachers. Reports the findings of a study conducted to identify professional vocational education competences needed by Swaziland teachers of practical studies (agricultural, commercial, home economics, and technical). Employs a procedure to develop professional competences. Identifies eleven competence areas developed by a professional panel of experts at a two‐day focus group interview workshop.
Engineering through education
Authors: Lilley Angela
Published: July 2002

Reports on an inter‐active seminar regarding the enhancement of engineering education in the classroom and beyond. Summarises presentations by representatives from schools, universities, industry and relevant organisations. Discusses how industry and education can work together to familiarise young people with engineering and promote career possibilities. Reviews problems experienced within schools’ technology departments and considers possible solutions to provide continuous engineering education from pre‐school to university. Includes suggestions to enhance careers advice and encourage work experience, and discusses responsibilities of professional engineers in creating a positive image.
Learning, education and skills: young people’s views
Authors: Gardiner Jo
Published: July 2002

Based on research conducted with 10,000 young people from 1995‐1997, summarises their views on education, skills and learning. Highlights the priorities young people identified for change in the learning field, inter alia, to make their voices heard, to have safe places to go, to develop skills relevant to work and life, and to have opportunities to work and learn throughout their lives.
Distance learning ‐ efficient and effective but no panacea
Authors: Coffey John
Published: July 2002

Distance learning is examined and suggestions are made as to how organisations can obtain the most from their investment in this form of study. The importance of identifying clearly the context in which learning will take place is highlighted. Examples are given, as well as comments from participants.
Sandwich placements: improving the learning experience ‐ part 2
Authors: Bourner Tom , Ellerker Mary
Published: July 2002

Seeks to assess the effectiveness of introducing action learning into sandwich placements. Builds on the rationale for, and organization of, the initiative established in Part 1 and discusses feedback from the main parties involved. Provides evidence that suggests that action learning could offer a solution to the problem of insufficient integration between the sandwich and the academic periods of courses and the danger that sandwich placements can become an excessively specialized experience. Concludes that the evidence is sufficiently encouraging to recommend further development of the scheme.
After enterprise in higher education ‐ holding the ground or sustaining the momentum?
Authors: Newby Peter
Published: July 2002

Raises the question, will the success of enterprise in higher education (EHE) continue now that funding has ceased? Summarizes the thrust of the EHE programme at Middlesex University and explores the legacy of enterprise in the university, whether the exit strategy worked, the robustness of enterprise values, and whether there is a post‐EHE agenda.
Business and HE links: the search for meaningful relationships in the placement marketplace ‐ part two
Authors: Ellis Nick , Moon Sue
Published: July 2002

Second part of a two‐part article. Draws on the conclusions of the first part (Vol. 40 No. 5) with regard to a study of the buying behaviours exhibited by UK organisations in the use of placement services from higher education (HE). Explains that results showed clear differences among employers regarding frequency of interaction between university and host organisation, stages in the buying process, selection criteria used and the number of people involved in the decision. Discusses issues of service quality and relationship management. Compares findings to earlier research into placements and other education/business links. Examines the major themes which emerge from several perspectives: those of relationship marketing, stakeholders and key account management. Makes recommendations for the careful management of HE/business relationships in order to ensure the successful formation of new links and the development of lasting partnerships.
Reconciling conflicting demands in the training of HE teachers ‐ the experience at The Robert Gordon University
Authors: Ellington Henry
Published: July 2002

Highlights the increasing pressure that British higher education institutions (HEIs) are coming under to provide basic training in tertiary‐level teaching for their academic staff as a result of recommendations made in recent major reports. Identifies some of the (often conflicting) demands and constraints that HEIs are generally confronted with in developing and running such programmes, e.g. striking a balance between competence‐based training and academic education, avoiding making unreasonable time demands on either trainees or trainers, and reconciling the internal requirements of the institution with external pressures and constraints. Examines these various issues in some detail, and shows how they have been resolved within Scotland’s Robert Gordon University, which has been running a highly successful postgraduate course in tertiary‐level teaching for its staff since 1989.
Towards integrated management decisions
Authors: Zhu Zhichang
Published: July 2002

Recent textbook models for management decisions and our orientation of management education are still based on a reductionist, isolationist and linear paradigm. This paper, for stimulating a perception shift, introduces a systems‐based approach. Drawing on a reconstruction of ancient Eastern wisdom, mainly Confucianism, the approach intends to integrate wuli (material‐technical), shili (psycho‐cognitive) and renli (social‐political) elements, perspectives and patterns into a differentiated/interconnected whole, as the context, content and process of management decision. Decision making conducted as such may have the potential to facilitate complementary synergy among goal‐seeking, cognitive‐learning and relationship‐maintaining approaches to management decision/education.
Setting stretch targets for driving continuous improvement in construction: analysis of Brazilian and UK practices
Authors: Santos Aguinaldo , Powell James Andrew , Torres Formoso Carlos
Published: July 2002

An effective way to promote a continuous flow of ideas for improvement in production systems is to challenge people with “stretch targets”. This should generate a creative tension between a desired situation and the present situation. In the UK, the potential of this approach has been recognised by the Construction Task Force in their report, Rethinking Construction, which recommended that construction companies should establish challenging targets for improving the quality and efficiency of their processes. Investigates to what extent construction companies are currently using targets for driving continuous improvement in their production processes. The analysis is based on the empirical evidence collected on six Brazilian and UK construction sites. The analysis shows that most construction managers in the case studies did not use “stretch targets” as a strategy for driving continuous improvement in construction processes. “Stretch targets” were generally contingent to project constraints and were not supported by other fundamental complementary practices.
Transforming the German metalworking industry: moves toward numerical flexibility
Authors: Finegold David , Wagner Karin
Published: July 2002

The success of Germany’s “diversified quality production” model has been challenged by changes in the global marketplace in the 1990s. German manufacturers have responded by searching for new ways to enhance the numerical flexibility of their labour force. This article focuses on the adoption of three forms of numerical flexibility ‐ annual hour contracts, temporary work and outsourcing ‐ in the German pump industry.
E‐mail use and abuse
Authors: Parker Charles
Published: July 2002

The use of electronic mail has grown exponentially in the last five years. When used effectively, it is a very effective messaging and information medium. However, abuse of e‐mail can be a significant risk to a company: increasingly e‐mail figures in defamation and libel cases, and it is often the company, not just the individual sender of the e‐mail, that is held to be responsible and liable. Establishing and ensuring adherence to a policy on the proper use of e‐mail can minimise such risks – and can yield financial savings. This paper sets out the case for establishing an e‐mail policy and presents sample policies and guidelines for the effective use of e‐mail services.
Career Management: Matching the Needs of Individuals with the Needs of
Organizations
Authors: Bolton Robert , Gold Jeffrey
Published: July 2002

Examines the use of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) in the analysis and
improvement of a “messy” HRM problem in Nationwide Building Society (NBS).
Describes SSM in outline and relates it to a case study application of
the methodology in the area of career management and career counselling.
At the time of investigation, there was a growing awareness of career
problems among managers of all levels in NBS increasing the impetus for
change. The problems identified in career management did not lead to
clearly defined objectives: the “right answer” was not yet known and
variables involved were bound up in values, motives and decisions of
human beings with a significant amount of free choice. Develops and
analyses a Rich Picture taking account of subjective data as well as
objective facts. The understanding gained about the management of
careers is used to generate possible improvements and solutions
following the stages of SSM. Makes recommendations, a number of which
have already been implemented within NBS.
The Differences between Appraisal Schemes: Variation and Acceptability
– Part I
Authors: Fisher C.M.
Published: July 2002

The first of two studies concerned with the design and implementation of
staff appraisal schemes. It is based on research material gathered while
working on consultancy projects, designing and implementing appraisal,
in five different organizations. A classification scheme is developed
which can be used to describe the differences between the schemes in the
five organizations, and by extension the differences between any
appraisal schemes. This classification uses a basic distinction between
purpose of appraisal and design features, and it is used to describe in
detail the schemes implemented in two of the organizations. It is
therefore preliminary to the second study in which an attempt is made to
conceptualize and interpret the differences between the schemes.
In search of HRM
Authors: Watson Tony J.
Published: July 2002

It is common in discussions about human resource management (HRM)
to distinguish between “rhetoric” and what is regarded as a
clearly separate “reality”. This is naïve in that it
fails to recognize the way those researching the human aspects of
management and those practically involved in it influence each other. It
also fails to recognize the power of recent developments in social
science theorizing which focus on the relationship between discourse and
action. The concepts and language of HRM are perhaps most usefully seen
as discursive resources which both managers and academic writers make
use of – or refuse to make use of – in their occupational
practices. Illustrates this argument with ethnographic material gathered
in an organization in which many of those activities frequently labelled
“HRM” occur but where the notion of HRM is not used. The dog
does not bark.
Fair play or foul?
Authors: Baker Barry R. , Cooper John N.
Published: July 2002

Presents a survey‐designed study to ascertain the extent to which
organizations employing occupational testing conformed to good practice
in testing as defined by professional and advisory literature/codes of
practice. Utilizes an ethical framework built around mutual contractual
obligations with “limiting principles” as moral rules
governing employers testing behaviour. Offers data in support of the
contention that some employers are not adhering to the good advice
whereby tests takers rights are assured. Concludes with a number of
summary indications for future directions of research and practice.
Employee development programmes
Authors: James Philip
Published: July 2002

Discusses the nature of employee development programmes (EDPs) and the use made of them by UK employers; examines the structure and operation of similar schemes developed jointly by management and union in the “big three” US car companies. Argues that these US EDP schemes, through their use of jointly controlled funds and joint training centres, are better integrated with broader industrial relations and human resource policies. Further suggests that such a joint approach can provide a way of maximizing the potential benefits of EDPs.
Contextual influences on human resource management in the Czech Republic
Authors: Mills Anne
Published: July 2002

Comprises the first stage of a two‐part study on emerging paradigms of human resource management in the Czech Republic. Conceptualises the process by means of appropriate HRM models and stakeholder analysis in order to link the external environment to the organisation. Predicts that influence of external stakeholders will shape a paradigm characterised by government intervention and an insider model of corporate governance. Forecasts major historical and cultural problems in the emerging HRM function. Differentiates between enduring and evolving cultural influences on the development of this role.
Corporate human resources and “bottom line” financial performance
Authors: Clark Ian
Published: July 2002

This paper reports on a case study of an internationalized‐industry Engineering Process Plant Contracting (EPPC). The study examines how a leading engineering contracting project management firm has responded to heightened competitive pressures through a process or organizational change. A key aspect of this focused on the contribution of the corporate human resource function to “bottom line” performance. “Exbeck” made its corporate function a full business partner in project management. The paper suggests two conclusions. First, the human resource function can become a full business partner without losing integrity to line managers. Second, examining competitive conditions faced by a particular firm can reveal how unresearched competitive practices may inform and challenge well rehearsed academic positions. Moreover, in particular sectors practitioner perceptions on “best practice” and competitiveness may be ahead of those presented by the academic community.
The advocacy approach to OD consulting: neutral is not enough
Authors: Huszczo Gregory E. , Sheahan Maureen
Published: July 2002

Conventional wisdom suggests that a consultant serving a joint union‐management organization development (OD) change effort acts as a third‐party neutral. However, this paper documents why both parties may distrust the OD consultant and other dangers associated with claims of neutrality. Drawing on the OD literature and that of psychotherapy, as well as over 20 years of experience that the authors have had as consultants to joint efforts, this paper suggests that OD change agents should take on the role as advocates not neutrals. The advantages of actively advocating for the differing and joint interests of union and management are outlined. Clear strategies for using the advocacy approach are identified.
Beyond the standard cycle: increasing total work cell productivity by optimizing robot placement and other key performance influencers
Authors: Mahr Carl
Published: July 2002

A robot’s standard cycle time tends to be a primary criterion in estimating work cell through‐put. Many other factors, like robot placement, peripherals and optimization of the work envelope often are overlooked in the analysis. This paper provides insights into optimizing performance by considering all available options to improve cell
Development trends of three‐dimensional waterjet cutting systems
Authors: Alkire Terry D.
Published: July 2002

The past five years have seen a significant improvement in the reliability and the acceptance of two‐dimensional abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting systems. Across all of the major industrial countries in Europe, one can now find any number of job shops or custom cutting centres offering AWJ cut parts. Three‐dimensional AWJ cutting systems were first introduced into the aerospace industry. The AWJ machines used to cut aerospace parts were mainly limited to large‐frame, cost‐intensive five‐axes units dedicated to the aerospace industry. Recently, a select few of the well‐established users of two‐dimensional AWJ cutting systems have acquired three‐dimensional AWJ cutting systems. New, lower‐priced systems combined with innovative configuration options, improved programming techniques, advanced automation and accuracy have taken three‐dimensional AWJ to another level. Discusses the recent developments in three‐dimensional AWJ systems.
First robotized assembly line for multivalve cylinder heads in Europe
Authors: Simonis Gerhard
Published: July 2002

Outlines the development of new automated assembly methods for the automotive industry currently being undertaken by ABB Flexible Powertrain Assembly GmbH based in Langenfeld, Germany. Describes the application of these jointed‐arm robots in Audi’s plant in Györ, Hungary and illustrates the benefits of the new system.
Integration of robots into intelligent control systems
Authors: Muehlhaeusser Reinhardt
Published: July 2002

States that intelligent manufacture requires robots to be quickly reprogrammed and reconfigured to differing manufacturing requirements. Key to this is the control system architecture. Proposes a control system utilizing three networks suitable for time critical, fast messaging and high throughput data respectively. Discusses the technologies to be used are discussed along with the functionality required.
Putting a snake in the sub
Authors: Hollingum Jack
Published: July 2002

The task: To develop a device that can be put into a cramped nuclear submarine hull, reach through a small aperture into the reactor chamber, and carry out repair tasks in positions frequently inaccessible to human hands ‐ and in an environment of low dosage radiation. Rolls‐Royce and Associates believe the only solution appears to be a snake‐like robot which is now under development, but threatened by a limited defence budget. The company reckons there could be other applications for such a robot and is looking for additional industrial sponsorship.
Ultra high‐speed arc welding (4m/min)
Authors: Okamura Kunihiro
Published: July 2002

Initially, we reviewed the robot welding equipment in terms of its purpose: greatly improved arc welding quality and reliability, and stimulation of the arc welding market. We then discussed the arc welding package, with its advanced ability to perform work tasks. This equipment also results in a noticeable improvement in welding speed (4m/min). This is possible due to a welding power supply specially developed for robots and wire feeding equipment run by the servo drive so tasks that were previously not possible are now. In this article, we introduce the MOTOPAC‐WS100 (standard arc welding package), the MOTOPAC‐WH200 (high‐speed arc welding package), and the MOTOEYE‐LT, MOTOEYE‐LF (unique laser sensor tools), and the MOTOMAN‐ET (teach procedure support tool).