bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waktu Fermentasi Asam Asetat oleh Isolat Acetobacter aceti dalam Substrat Produk Residu Gracilaria sp
Authors: Ilfathoniyah Aulia , Ahmad Syauqi  , Ramadhan Majida
Published: January 2025

Utilizing macroalgae plant waste is maximized to reduce the negative impact on the environment. The crude fibre content in Gracilaria sp species as waste from the sortation results of the industrial segment needs can be increased the its value. Environmental conservation form for Gracilaria sp waste is usefull as organic matter and processing needs namely substrate in fermentative activity. This study aims to determine whether plant residues from macroalgae waste Gracilaria sp can be processed into acetic acid and to study variations in the duration of acetic acid fermentation in substrates from plant residual products using Acetobacter aceti cell isolates. This study used a quantitative descriptive method to measure the results of the fermentation process of the acetic acid content. The fermentation process was performed at different time variations of 7.10 and 13 days. Acetobacter aceti inoculum concentration used in this study was 9%. The chemical analysis for determining alcohol content and sugar using UV-Vis spectrophotometry technique, acetic acid with the titration method, and pH testing. The residual product of macroalgae Gracilaria sp waste can be processed into acetic acid and ethanol fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisia yeast. The yield from the fermentation of Acetobacter aceti cells on day 13 had an acetic acid content of 5.11%, alcohol of 0.71% and sugar of 0.056%.
Keywords: Acetic Acid, Fermentation, Plant Residues.
Pemanfaatan limbah tumbuhan jenis makro alga diupayakan maksimal untuk mengurangi pengaruh buruk bagi lingkungan. Kandungan serat kasar spesies Gracilaria sp dari limbah hasil sortir kebutuhan pada segmen industri dapat ditingkatkan nilainya.  Bentuk konservasi lingkungan untuk limbah Gracilaria sp adalah pemanfaatan sebagai bahan organik dan perlu pengolahan yaitu substrat aktivitas fermentatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui residu tumbuhan dari limbah makro alga Gracilaria sp dapat diolah menjadi asam asetat dan mempelajari lama variasi waktu lama fermentasi asam asetat dalam substrat produk residu tumbuhan dengan menggunakan isolat sel bakteri Acetobacter aceti. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengukur hasil proses fermentasi yaitu kadar asam asetat. Proses fermentasi dilakukan dengan variasi waktu yang berbeda yaitu 7,10 dan 13 hari. Konsentrasi inokulum Acetobacter aceti yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 9%. Analisis kimia menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis untuk etanol dan gula, penentuan asam asetat dengan metode titrasi, dan uji pH. Produk residu limbah makro alga Gracilaria sp dapat diolah menjadi asam asetat dengan tahapan fermentasi etanol menggunakan ragi roti Saccharomyces cerevisia. Kadar asam asetat hasil fermentasi sel A aceti pada hari ke 13 mempunyai kadar asam asetat 5,11% alkohol 0,71% gula 0,056% .
Kata kunci: Asam asetat, Fermentasi, Residu Tumbuhan
Analysis of the Implementation of the Legalization of Customary Law Communities (MHA) in North Lombok Regency
Authors: Jemarut Wihelmus , Dwi Ratna Kamala Sari Lukman  , Ni Nyoman Ernita Ratnadewi  , Ni Wayan Sridiani
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Customary Law Communities (MHA) determination in North Lombok Regency (KLU), focusing on government actions, community responses, and encountered obstacles. This research employs an empirical legal research method. It was conducted from May to September 2024 through observation, interviews, and a literature review. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The study results show that determining MHA in KLU has only been completed at the Identification stage. The KLU MHA Identification Team identifies 13 (thirteen) Customary Law Communities (MHA): Bayan, Pansor, Salut, Wet Pengorong Amor-Amor, Wet Sesait, Kuripan, Pemaru Satan, Gubuk Bebekeq, Leong, Meleko, Orong Empak Pansan, Wet Sokong, and Jeliman Ireng. The thirteen aforementioned communities follow the criteria outlined in Article 6, Paragraph (6) of the North Lombok Regency Regional Regulation (PERDA KLU)  No. 6 of 2020. The biggest obstacle in this process is the unavailability of technical guidance and the absence of definite work targets from the local government. The recommendation from the results of this study is that the KLU Regent who will be elected for the 2024-2029 period needs to include the MHA determination program in the KLU Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD). Incorporating this program into the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) document will ensure structured budgeting, develop technical guidelines, and  measurable targets for effective implementation.
Performance Based Design: Performance Analysis on Fixed Base Structure and Structures with High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB)
Authors: Maulida Alfia Salma Mei , Umniati B. Sri , Sulton Mohammad , Maulidani Andra Akmal
Published: January 2025

Buildings in Malang City face large lateral load from earthquakes due to seismic activity. One method of reducing the lateral load is to use base isolators. Conventional building design resists lateral load by designing buildings to be elastic or rigid with Strength Based Design criteria. However, elasticity results in larger building elements, stiffness increases the building's exposure to earthquake forces, and Strength Based Design is unreliable in shielding from earthquakes since its recommended to be a minimum design criterion by FEMA P-424. Therefore, more comprehensive design criteria such as Performance Based Design are needed. The objective of this study is to assess the analysis results and performance levels of fixed base structure compared to structures with HDRB, including the effect of rubber thickness and shear modulus. This study starts by modeling a 7-story building with a fixed base structure using ETABS. The results were then used to determine the type of HDRB, from two models with different rubber thickness and shear modulus, for modeling structures with HDRB. Furthermore, the running results of the two structures are analyzed to evaluate the level of performance of the structures based on Performance Based Design criteria. The results showed differences with the reduction of the average period value by 91.51%, the base shear as 36.05% and 33.11% in longitudinal and transverse direction respectively, and the average interstory drift as 54.86% in X-axis and 31.17% Y-axis. The target displacement of the structures with HDRB decreases and the performance levels including the analysis results are improved.
Numerical and Analytical Modeling of the Strut Width at Center Openings to the Lateral Strength of Brick Wall
Authors: Medriosa Hamdeni , Tanjung Jafril , Maidiawati  , Haris HG Sabril
Published: January 2025

The width of diagonal strut is not commonly known for having significant benefit to the lateral strength of brick walls. However, some researchers have resumed that strut width has a significant impact on lateral strength. Both experimental and analysis studies indicates that the width of the diagonal strut indeed has a significant impact on the lateral strength of brick walls. By employing the developed analytical model, it became evident that the width of the strut benefited the strength of the brick wall. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of diagonal strut width on the lateral strength of brick walls. The methodology employed to ascertain the lateral strength of brick walls was by conducting a comparative analysis of the analytical and numerical outcomes from varied strut widths at the mid-span openings to the various form of openings. The analytical approach was conducted with the use of diagonal struts, while the numerical modeling was done with the Atena 2D software. The analytical results obtained were 65.15 kN for diagonal strut 1 and 73.75 kN for diagonal strut 2. The numerical results obtained were 64.7 kN for diagonal strut 1 and 75.7 kN for diagonal strut 2. The findings derived from this investigation substantiate the pivotal influence of strut width on the lateral strength of brick walls.
DESAIN DAN PEMBUATAN PERANGKAT PELUBANG PORTABEL RUMAH ANAK KUNCI PADA KERANGKA ALUMINIUM HOLLOW
Authors: Hadi Syamsul , Irawan Bambang , Purwoko Purwoko , Murdani Anggit , Aini Fica Aida Nadhifatul , Waluyo Cahyo Tri
Published: January 2025

Manual work using drilling machines, manual grinding, and filing in penetrating holes in the profile of the hollow Aluminum frame in the shape of the glass door lock housing is the problem faced. Community service aims to obtain a portable door lock children's home hole prototype for hollow aluminum frame profiles for glass doors. The method applied is design discussions with partners, making a hole punch frame for a portable door lock housing for an Aluminum frame profile according to the dimensions of a 3 Ton jack, making a punch in the exact shape of a particular key housing hole with an electric discharge machine (EDM) Wire Cut, hardening and tempering steel punch, making sharp side profiles for the shape of the key housing using a CNC milling machine, trial of punching the door frame profile, and handing over the portable door lock home punch tool kit to the service partner. With the completion of the manufacture of the portable door lock children's home punch tool kit as a work aid, it can be used to support the production of glass door frames ordered by the wider community with good results, a fast process, and production costs can be reduced. In this way, there is a synergy between State Polytechnic of Malang (Polinema) and community members in the production of products needed by the community more efficiently and able to meet the needs of the general community.
PELATIHAN TEKNOLOGI CERDAS UNTUK MEMULAI BISNIS START UP DAN MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN BISNIS PT. MELUKIS SENYUM INDAHMU
Authors: I Nyoman Switrayana  , Jati L. Jatmiko , Alfiansyah Wisnu , Muhlisin Muhlisin , Anwar Mohammad Ziad , Auliana Rini Adriani
Published: January 2025

The younger generation is creative and ambitious, often channeling this energy into startups. Observations by the community service team at Bumigora University reveal that most students aspire to establish startups to fulfill their needs and gain entrepreneurial experience. However, they face challenges such as limited knowledge of effective business strategies and financial management. This community service activity aims to enhance students' understanding of building and managing startups using smart technologies, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI). The seminar introduces AI as a tool for developing business strategies, optimizing operations, and automating financial management. The program employs the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) method, focusing on leveraging community assets to address their needs. Activities include lectures, interactive sessions, and practical demonstrations to integrate AI into entrepreneurship. Results show a significant improvement in students' knowledge and skills in applying AI for business purposes. The seminar effectively enhanced their understanding of strategies for building businesses, designing marketing plans, and managing finances. Post-test results from participants via Google Form confirm these outcomes. This activity empowers the younger generation to establish competitive, technology-driven businesses.
PENGENALAN MICROSOFT OFFICE DI TK KUSUMMA MULIA SUMBERREJO BADAS KABUPATEN KEDIRI
Authors: Saukani Imam , Rifai Muhamad , Astono Guntur Yanuar , Asti Irfin Sandra , Huda Miftakhul , Safitri Hari Kurnia
Published: January 2025

Integrated Primary Education (TK Kusuma Mulia) is a basic education activity that is organized by, for, and with the assistance of primary education officers. Therefore, TK Kusuma Mulia is a community-driven initiative in the field of basic education, with the village head as the responsible party. A.A. Gde Muninjaya (2002:169) states: "Basic education services are a form of integrated basic education services carried out in primary education. Currently, computers are tools used to process and create work reports, whether in the form of Word, Excel, or PowerPoint data. Up until now, TK Kusuma Mulia, located in the Sumberejo Badas Pare Village, Kediri Regency, still uses conventional manual typing machines for reporting, resulting in various limitations experienced by the TK in terms of administrative operations and data management."
PELATIHAN TEKNIK PENGEMASAN PRODUK YOGHURT DI PONPES RAUDHATUL MADINAH - JUNREJO - BATU
Authors: Prayitno Prayitno , Rachmawati Diana , Mufid Mufid , Ekasari Silvia Rahmi , Astuti Fina Andika Frida
Published: January 2025

Pondok Pesantren (Ponpes) Raudhatul Madinah merupakan salah satu Ponpes di Kota Batu yang menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis wirausaha. Para santri Ponpes umumnya merupakan yatim piatu yang berasal dari beberapa daerah di Jawa Timur. Para santri selain mengikuti pendidikan umum di SMP/MTs, SMU/MA juga mendapatkan pembelajaran kewirausahaan di Ponpes. Beberapa kegiatan kewirausahaan, antara lain: usaha produksi yoghurt, usaha beternak domba, usaha bercocok tanam sayuran, dan usaha catering. Namun demikian, dalam kegiatan kewiraushaan tersebut masih banyak hal yang perlu ditingkat dan dikembangkan baik dalam aspek kualitas maupun kuantitas produksi. Tujuan pelatihan adalah memberikan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan pada para santi dan pengelolah Ponpes tentang teknik pengemasan produk yoghurt. Dengan pelatihan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan dan mengembangkan kualitas dan kuantitas pengemasan produk yoghurt. Materi pelatihan meliputi, antara lain: pemilihan jenis kemasan, teknik pengemasan, teknik penyimpanan dan penanganan kemasan. Sedangkan metode pelatihan adalah ceramah/diskusi, praktek pengemasan, dan pendampingan/konsultasi. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa para peserta pelatihan (santri dan pengelolah Ponpes) mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilannya dalam mengemas produk yoghurt, yang ditandai dengan pemilihan dan cara penanganan kemasan serta cara mengemasi produk yoghurt yang baik dan benar pada saat praktek. Disamping itu terdapat peningjkatan semangat, antusias, dan keinginan tahuan serta harapan – harapan dari peserta.
Generative AI in Higher Education: Balancing Innovation and Integrity
Authors: Francis Nigel J. , Jones Sue , Smith David P.
Published: January 2025

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of higher education, offering novel opportunities for personalised learning and innovative assessment methods. This paper explores the dual-edged nature of GenAI’s integration into educational practices, focusing on both its potential to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes and the significant challenges it poses to academic integrity and equity. Through a comprehensive review of current literature, we examine the implications of GenAI on assessment practices, highlighting the need for robust ethical frameworks to guide its use. Our analysis is framed within pedagogical theories, including social constructivism and competency-based learning, highlighting the importance of balancing human expertise and AI capabilities. We also address broader ethical concerns associated with GenAI, such as the risks of bias, the digital divide, and the environmental impact of AI technologies. This paper argues that while GenAI can provide substantial benefits in terms of automation and efficiency, its integration must be managed with care to avoid undermining the authenticity of student work and exacerbating existing inequalities. Finally, we propose a set of recommendations for educational institutions, including developing GenAI literacy programmes, revising assessment designs to incorporate critical thinking and creativity, and establishing transparent policies that ensure fairness and accountability in GenAI use. By fostering a responsible approach to GenAI, higher education can harness its potential while safeguarding the core values of academic integrity and inclusive education.
Intestinal permeability, food antigens and the microbiome: a multifaceted perspective
Authors: Valitutti Francesco , Mennini Maurizio , Monacelli Gianluca , Fagiolari Giulia , Piccirillo Marisa , Di Nardo Giovanni , Di Cara Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

The gut barrier encompasses several interactive, physical, and functional components, such as the gut microbiota, the mucus layer, the epithelial layer and the gut mucosal immunity. All these contribute to homeostasis in a well-regulated manner. Nevertheless, this frail balance might be disrupted for instance by westernized dietary habits, infections, pollution or exposure to antibiotics, thus diminishing protective immunity and leading to the onset of chronic diseases. Several gaps of knowledge still exist as regards this multi-level interaction. In this review we aim to summarize current evidence linking food antigens, microbiota and gut permeability interference in diverse disease conditions such as celiac disease (CeD), non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS), food allergies (FA), eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder (EOGID) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Specific food elimination diets are recommended for CeD, NCWS, FA and in some cases for EOGID. Undoubtfully, each of these conditions is very different and quite unique, albeit food antigens/compounds, intestinal permeability and specific microbiota signatures orchestrate immune response and decide clinical outcomes for all of them.
Analysis of school bullying menace incorporating family education: a mathematical modeling approach
Authors: Adeniji Adejimi , Addai Emmanuel , Michael Shatalov , Malesela Kekana , Asamoah Joshua Kiddy K. , Oshinubi Kayode
Published: January 2025

School bullying is a severe social problem that has an unfavorable impact on students development and behavior. Based on family education and students memory of having been bullied or witnessed bullying, this work established a mathematical model for analyzing school bullying dynamics. By employing the Caputo fractional derivative, the model incorporates students' memory in the interactional patterns of bullying, which provides for improved emulation of the impacts of previous episodes on future behaviors. An Adams-Bashforth method numerical scheme is presented, offering a robust approach for scenario simulations under the Caputo fractional operator. Scenario simulations shows the impact of family education on the prevalence and dynamics of school bullying. It is noticed that the behavior of students who lack and with family education and not involving bullying under different values of fractional order. The trajectory changes with the fractional order, suggesting that the system's sensitivity to initial conditions or recent changes decreases as fractional order reduce from the normal dynamics (integer order). Essentially, a lower fractional order makes the system less reactive to short-term fluctuations and more stable.
Curing modes affects micro-tensile bond strength and durability of dual curing resin cements to dentin
Authors: Li Zimeng , Yan Xiaoyuan , Toufani Negin , Sano Hidehiko , Fu Jiale
Published: January 2025

Background

To evaluate the effects of curing modes on the micro-tensile bond strength and durability of 6 different dual curing resin cements to dentin.

Methods

84 human molars were divided into 7 groups (n = 12), and were further distributed into two subgroups according to the two curing modes: light-curing (L) and self-curing (D) (n = 6). The 6 dual-cured resin cements were: DU (Duolink, Bisco), TC (TheraCem, Bisco), MS (Multilink Speed, Ivoclar), N3 (Nexus 3 Universal, Kerr), R2 (RelyX U200, 3M) and RU (RelyX Ultimate, 3M). The universal adhesives were: All Bond Universal (Bisco); Adhesive Universal Vivapen (Ivoclar); Optibond Versa Adhesive (Kerr); Scotch Bond Universal Adhesive (3M). RU was placed directly on processed adhesive layer without light-curing, set as group 7. Micro-tensile bond strength test was carried out after 37°C water storage for 24 h, 3 months and 6 months, respectively. Three-way ANOVA and Games-Howell test were performed by SPSS 19.0 (α = 0.05).

Results

The Three-way ANOVA indicated that bonding performance was significantly affected by curing mode (p = 0.000, F = 1,237.510), resin cement (p = 0.000, F = 59.507) and storage time (p = 0.000, F = 97.888). The interaction of these three factors was significant (p = 0.017, F = 2.071).

Conclusion

The bonding strength and durability of dual curing resin cements were significantly improved by light-curing process. In addition, the bonding strength of resin cements with different experimental condition was material depended. Among all tested resin cements, N3 exhibits the most favorable outcomes.

Clinical Relevance

A dual curing procedure is recommended in clinical application. Among all tested resin cements, N3 exhibits the most favorable outcomes.
Formononetin promotes porcine oocytes maturation and improves embryonic development by reducing oxidative stress
Authors: Wang Na , Yang Han , Chen Yelei , Wang Hekun , Wang Chaorui , Fan Jianglin , Chen Yajie , Li Yinghua , Zhu Maobi
Published: January 2025

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that oxidative stress impairs oocyte maturation and embryonic development. Conventionally, antioxidants have been applied in vitro systems to improve oocyte maturation and blastocyst rates. Formononetin (FMN) is a flavonoid that has been shown to have various pharmacological effects, including antioxidants. In this study, we delved into the impact of FMN, acting as an antioxidant, on the in vitro development of oocytes and blastocysts within the culture system. FMN supplementation at 0.5 μM enhanced the rate of first polar body extrusion and blastocyst formation post parthenogenetic activation. It also increased mitochondrial function and ATP levels, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species, and elevated intracellular GSH levels in both oocytes and embryos. Moreover, FMN significantly decreased autophagy and apoptosis levels in blastocyst cells, potentially via regulation of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. This is the first study to report that FMN supplementation benefits the in vitro culture of oocytes and early embryo development, potentially by regulating oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and autophagy.
Small islands: living laboratories revealing global climate and sustainable development challenges
Authors: Pathirana Assela
Published: January 2025

Small islands, while hosting only about 1% of the global population, are among the most vulnerable regions to climate change. Their critical importance in climate adaptation is often overlooked, and their value as natural laboratories is frequently lost in discussions on sustainable development and climate adaptation. Beyond their well-documented vulnerabilities, small islands serve as invaluable scientific laboratories, illustrating the interconnected impacts of water, environment, society, and economy. Due to their small size and “islandness,” these provide a condensed and accelerated view of natural and anthropogenic phenomena, which are harder to observe in larger, more distributed geographies. Investing in research and adaptation strategies for these communities addresses their immediate needs and offers critical insights and early warning signs for broader global climate challenges. This paper argues for increased attention and resources for small islands, emphasising their role as microcosms that reflect broader environmental trends and highlighting the urgent need for targeted adaptation measures.
Impact of high hemoglobin levels on carotid artery intima–media thickness and its predictive value for hypertension in high-altitude areas: a real-world study
Authors: Hongyu Long , Ga Long , Yiqian Zhang , Qiuyu Xu , Kemin Li , Maiyongcuo Qing , Min Xiong
Published: January 2025

Background and purpose

The hemoglobin levels in the peripheral blood of individuals living at high altitudes are significantly higher than normal levels. These levels are closely associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between hemoglobin levels in the peripheral blood and hypertension in high-altitude regions, providing a basis for preventing and treating primary hypertension in these regions.

Materials and methods

From May 2020 to May 2021, patients diagnosed with primary hypertension in plateau regions of China were selected as participants. The clinical data, including lifestyle habits and blood biochemical indicators, were collected from the clinical case database for patients meeting the inclusion criteria. The logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing carotid intima–media thickness in patients with primary hypertension in plateau regions. The ROC curve was plotted to analyze the impact of peripheral blood hemoglobin levels on hypertension, determine the hemoglobin threshold for predicting hypertension in plateau areas, and evaluate the predictive value of hemoglobin level for hypertension.

Results

A total of 200 patients (105 men with an average age of 64.8 ± 12.75 years and 95 women with an average age of 69.5 ± 11.54 years) were enrolled in this study. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, CO2-CP, ALT, APOB, CRP, and HGB were independent risk factors for increased carotid artery intima–media thickness (P < 0.05). The hemoglobin threshold for predicting hypertension in high-altitude areas was 131 g/L. The area under the ROC curve for predicting hypertension with elevated hemoglobin level was 0.799 (0.719–0.880).

Conclusion

Elevated hemoglobin levels contribute to the thickening of the carotid artery intima–media layer and hold predictive value for high-altitude hypertension.
Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the third member of Palaeogene Dongying formation in the Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin: implications for controlling on organic matter accumulation
Authors: Yin Shiyan , Yao Aidong , Cheng Jianzhong , Lei Chuang , Wang Zhaosheng , Zhang Zhenguo , Zhang Ying , Wang Yu , Han Xiaoying , Ma Zhigang
Published: January 2025

Introduction and Methods

To identify the unconventional shale oil exploration potential of the third member of the Palaeogene Dongying Formation (Ed3) in the Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, variations in paleoclimate and paleoenvironment and their influence on organic matter accumulation were investigated through analyzing mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of forty-nine mudstone samples.

Results

Results show that the Ed3 mudstones exhibit strong heterogeneity with the organic carbon content ranging from 0.30% to 2.66%, petroleum potential yield ranging from 0.44 to 11.41 mg/g, and hydrogen index ranging from 57 to 466 mg/g TOC, which are dominated by mixed kerogen and low maturity to maturity. Multiple mineralogical and geochemical proxies suggest that the semi-humid to semi-arid paleoclimate during the Ed3 period governed the fluctuations of paleoenvironmental elements. From bottom to top, the paleowater depth varied in an order of shallow water, deep water, and shallow water, respectively, and the corresponding paleosalinity of brackish water, fresh water, and brackish waterr, respectively. Water column evolved from weak oxidation to weak reduction, and then to weak oxidation, respectively. Two development models of the Ed3 mudstones under semi-humid to humid and semi-arid to arid climate were summarized based on the influence of paleoenvironmental elements on organic matter supply and preservation/degradation in sediments. Mudstones were deposited in a deep-water environment with high primary productivity under the semi-humid to humid climate. The mixed aquatic and terrigenous organic matte were efficiently preserved in stratified and reduced water columns, resulting in high organic matter accumulation. Nevertheless, mudstones were developed in a shallow-water environment with medium primary productivity under the semi-arid to arid climate. Here, aquatic organic matter was oxidized and degraded in the oxidation condition, leading to low organic matter accumulation.

Discussion

The exploration of unconventional shale oil in the Ed3 member of Nanpu Sag should focus on the organic-matter-rich mudstones developed in the humid climate.
The relationship between cardiometabolic Index and diabetic kidney disease in people with diabetes
Authors: Kong Jianping , Tao Wenting , Sun Yuhong , Xu Yong , Li Hailun , Li Jing
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Studies have shown a strong correlation between the cardiometabolic index (CMI) and health issues such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, and decreased renal function. Nevertheless, the correlation between CMI and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains ambiguous. The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between CMI and DKD in patients with diabetes in the United States.

Methods

The study involved individuals who were part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2003 and 2018. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed for investigating the correlation between CMI and DKD. The study employed Generalized Additive Models (GAM) and smooth curve fitting methods for investigating the nonlinear relationship between CMI and DKD. Two-stage regression analysis was applied for investigating threshold effects in the connection between CMI and DKD. In addition, subgroup analysis and interaction tests were also carried out.

Results

This analysis included a total of 6,540 adults with diabetes. After adjusting for variables including age, sex, race, education level, smoking status, household income and poverty rate, body mass index, hypertension status, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, serum albumin, and serum globulin, we discovered a significant connection between CMI levels and the risk of DKD (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.17, p<0.0001). Individuals with varying smoking statuses showed variations in this connection according to subgroup analysis and interaction tests (p for interaction=0.0216). Conversely, this correlation appeared similar across different genders, ages, races, BMI categories, hypertension statuses, and insulin usage among people with diabetes (all p for interaction >0.05). A nonlinear relationship existed between CMI and DKD, with threshold analysis indicating a turning point at CMI=1.7. A positive correlation was observed between CMI levels in people with diabetes and the risk of DKD when CMI exceeded 1.7.

Conclusion

The risk of DKD was significantly positively correlated with the CMI levels of people with diabetes. Further larger prospective studies are required to confirm our results.
The effect of renal function on the clinical outcomes and management of patients hospitalized with hyperglycemic crises
Authors: Almohareb Sumaya N. , Aljammaz Norah , Yousif Nada , Sunbul Mayar , Alsemary Raghad , Alkhathran Lama , Aldhaeefi Mohammed , Almohammed Omar A. , Alshaya Abdulrahman I.
Published: January 2025

Background

The global prevalence of diabetes has been rising rapidly in recent years, leading to an increase in patients experiencing hyperglycemic crises like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). Patients with impaired renal function experience a delay in insulin clearance, complicating the adjustment of insulin dosing and elevating hypoglycemia risk. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the impact of renal function on the safety and efficacy of insulin use in patients with isolated DKA or combined DKA/HHS.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia, from January 2016 to December 2021. Eligible patients were ≥18 years, had a confirmed diagnosis of isolated DKA or combined DKA/HHS, presented with an anion gap (AG) of ≥ 16 mmol/L, and received insulin either via continuous infusion or as bolus doses. Patients were categorized into normal kidney function and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The primary outcome was to determine the difference in time to close the AG between the two groups. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS® software.

Results

Out of 319 screened patients, 183 patients met the inclusion criteria. The patients were divided into normal kidney function (43.2%) and CKD (56.8%) groups. The average eGFR for patients with normal kidney function was 93.7 ± 32.5 mL/min/1.73m2 compared to 33.4 ± 14.3 mL/min/1.73m2 for patients with CKD. The time to close AG was similar between patients in the normal kidney function and CKD groups (22.6 ± 16.0 hours vs. 24.5 ± 17.5 hours, p=0.4475). However, the patients’ length of stay in hospital (3.4 ± 2.5 days vs. 5.2 ± 4.0 days; p=0.0004) and ICU (2.5 ± 1.8 days vs. 4.0 ± 2.8 days; p=0.0453) were both significantly longer for patients with CKD. Hypoglycemic events were low in our study with only four documented cases among patients with CKD.

Conclusion

This study provides insights into DKA management and outcomes in patients with normal and impaired renal function. The time required to close AG was comparable between the two groups. Larger, multi-center studies are needed to validate these findings and explore additional factors that may impact the management of DKA in patients with CKD.
Exploring the role of metabolic pathways in TNBC immunotherapy: insights from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Chen Shi-liang , Fei Yi-Ran , Cai Xin-xian , Wang Cong , Tong Shi-yuan , Zhang Zhe-zhong , Huang Yan-xia , Bian Dan-dan , He Yi-bo , Yang Xiao-xiao
Published: January 2025

The article provides an overview of the current understanding of the interplay between metabolic pathways and immune function in the context of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). It highlights recent advancements in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics technologies, which have revolutionized the analysis of tumor heterogeneity and the immune microenvironment in TNBC. The review emphasizes the crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in modulating immune cell function, discussing how specific metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, can directly impact the activity and phenotypes of various immune cell populations within the TNBC tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, the article explores the implications of these metabolic-immune interactions for the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies in TNBC, suggesting that strategies targeting metabolic pathways may enhance the responsiveness to ICI treatments. Finally, the review outlines future directions and the potential for combination therapies that integrate metabolic modulation with immunotherapeutic approaches, offering promising avenues for improving clinical outcomes for TNBC patients.
Combined oven/freeze drying as a cost and energy-efficient drying method for preserving quality attributes and volatile compounds of carrot slices
Authors: Mina Zobabalo Progress , Kaseke Tafadzwa , Fadiji Tobi , Silue Yardjouma , Fawole Olaniyi Amos
Published: January 2025

Introduction

An effective and efficient drying method for preserving fresh carrots is essential in food processing. Combined drying represents a novel approach that addresses the shortcomings of conventional methods by balancing energy consumption, cost, and product quality.

Methods

This study evaluated the impact of combining oven drying (OD) with freeze-drying (FD) on drying behavior, energy requirements, costs, enzyme activity, and the physicochemical and sensory properties of dried carrots. Drying conditions included 36 hours of FD, OD, and combinations of OD and FD at 1 h of OD + 21 h of FD (OD1-FD21), 2 h of OD + 18 h of FD (OD2-FD18), 3 h of OD + 15 h of FD (OD3-FD15), and 9 h of OD.

Results and discussion

Compared to FD alone, the OD-FD combination reduced drying time by 39–50% and decreased energy consumption and costs by 40–56%. FD and OD-FD reduced polyphenol oxidase activity by 71–85% and peroxidase activity by 29–52% compared to OD alone. FD carrot slices retained significantly higher levels of β-carotene (11.67–25.96 mg/100 g DM), lycopene (9.91–21.85 mg/100 g DM), total phenolic content (7.12–10.24 mg GAE/100 g DM), and DPPH radical scavenging activity (16.44–19.38 mM AAE/100 g DM) than OD and OD-FD slices. OD-FD slices exhibited the highest levels of volatile compounds, including aldehydes, terpenes, esters, alcohols, ketones, and acids, indicating superior flavor preservation.

Conclusion

The OD2-FD18 combination emerged as the optimal method, significantly reducing energy consumption and costs while maintaining better β-carotene, total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and volatile compound profiles. This study highlights the potential of combined drying methods to enhance drying efficiency and product quality.
Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy without locoregional radiotherapy in de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: two case reports and a literature review
Authors: Gao Yingna , Shi Xiaoqiong , He Jianqiao , Yao Hui , Yu Guoning , Zhao Lin , Ma Yi , Zheng Hongliang , Zhu Minhui , Zhang Caiyun
Published: January 2025

Background

There is no consensus regarding the optimal regimen for de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (dmNPC). Locoregional intensity modulated radiotherapy (LRRT) following palliative chemotherapy (PCT) has been shown to prolong the overall survival (OS) and improve the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with dmNPC, compared with PCT alone. However, patients with a high tumor burden do not benefit from additional LRRT, which inevitably results in toxicity. Recently, immunotherapy has made great progress in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic NPC (RM-NPC). Compared with PCT alone, programmed death-1(PD-1) inhibitors combined with PCT have shown a promising survival outcome and an acceptable safety profile. Therefore, this treatment strategy is recommended as a first-line therapy for RM-NPC. However, whether dmNPC can be treated with immunochemotherapy alone (without LRRT) remains controversial.

Case presentation

We report two cases of dmNPC, both in middle-aged men who mainly presented with epistaxis and systemic pain. Radiological examination with positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed NPC with multiple systemic lymph node metastases, multiple bone metastases, and liver metastases. Both patients were diagnosed with dmNPC and received pabolizumab in combination with six courses of platinum-based chemotherapy treatment. After complete remission (CR) was achieved, the patients were maintained on pabolizumab alone. No LRRT was used throughout the course of the disease. Pre- and post-treatment levels of plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA were measured, and radiological imaging was performed before and after treatment.

Results

We achieved good efficacy in these two cases of dmNPC. Both patients exhibited survival benefits (PFS has reached 31 months since diagnosis), and no serious chemotherapy- or immune-related adverse reactions occurred. Treatment-related toxicity from radiotherapy was avoided. Levels of plasma EBV DNA decreased and remained below the minimum detection level consistently after four or five cycles of treatment, with no obvious symptoms of neck muscle fibrosis, throat mucosa dryness, ear congestion, or nasal congestion.

Conclusion

Our findings suggested that chemotherapy combined with a PD-1 inhibitor without LRRT, followed by sequential immunotherapy as maintenance, can achieve good results in some dmNPC patients. Further validation of our results may be required in large, high-quality prospective clinical studies.
Electroacupuncture may protect pulmonary dysplasia in offspring with perinatal nicotine exposure by altering maternal gut microbiota and metabolites
Authors: Xie Yana , Fang Yang , Liu Yitian , Ji Bo , Sakurai Reiko , Wang Yifei , Li Hewen , Zhang Ling , Wu Le , Guo Tingting , Quan Ye , Rehan Virender K.
Published: January 2025

Background

Perinatal nicotine exposure (PNE) induces pulmonary dysplasia in offspring and it increases the risk of respiratory diseases both in offspring and across generations. The maternal gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), can regulate fetal lung development and are susceptible to nicotine exposure. Therefore, modulation of PNE-induced changes in maternal gut microbiota and SCFAs may prevent the occurrence of pulmonary dysplasia in offspring.

Objective

Our previous studies demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) ameliorated PNE-induced impairment in offspring lung development. To further our study, we aimed to determine whether the protective effect of EA is associated with the modulation of changes in maternal gut microbiota and SCFAs.

Methods

We observed changes in maternal gut microbiota and serum SCFA levels in both mother and offspring after EA treatment using a PNE rat model. Furthermore, using broad-spectrum antibiotics, we established a pseudo-germ-free PNE rat model to explore whether EA can protect offspring’s pulmonary function and lung morphology in the presence of depleted maternal gut microbiota.

Results

Our study revealed that EA increased the community richness (Sobs index) of perinatal nicotine-exposed maternal gut microbiota and the abundance of beneficial bacteria (RF39, Clostridia, Oscillospirales, etc.). This was accompanied by an upregulated serum levels of acetate, butyrate, and total SCFAs in both mother and offspring rats, as well as stimulated expression of SCFA receptors (GPR41 and GPR43) in the lung tissue of offspring rats. However, the beneficial effects of EA on offspring pulmonary function (FVC, PEF, PIF, and Cdyn) and lung morphology (alveolar number and MLI) were lost after maternal gut microbiota depletion.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that EA may exert its therapeutic effects on PNE-induced lung phenotype by altering maternal gut microbiota. The likely mechanism involves the associated improvement in serum SCFA levels in both mother and offspring, as well as the upregulation of SCFA receptors in the lung tissue of offspring.
Characterization and pathogenicity of a novel avian orthoreovirus in China
Authors: Chen Shunyan , Yang Jialin , Li Li , Guo Yawei , Yang Shenghua , Su Zetao , Zhao Sucan , Li Xuesong , Lin Wencheng , Du Yunping , Yin Lijuan , Wang Lianxiang , Chen Feng
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Avian orthoreovirus (ARV) is a significant pathogen causing viral arthritis, leading to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide.

Methods

A novel ARV strain, designated FJ202311, was isolated from a broiler farm in Fujian Province, China. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted using next-generation sequencing with MGI technology, and phylogenetic analysis of the sigma C amino acid sequence was performed. Comparative sequence analysis identified unique genetic features of FJ202311. Pathogenicity studies were carried out by inoculating broilers with the isolated strain and monitoring clinical signs, weight gain, and histopathological changes.

Results

The complete genome of FJ202311 was determined to be 23,495 base pairs in length, encoding 12 major proteins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that FJ202311 forms a distinct genotypic cluster, exhibiting only 47.1% to 59.3% sequence identity to 16 reference ARV strains. Notably, 50 unique amino acid substitutions were identified in the sigma C protein. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that FJ202311 caused severe arthritis and tenosynovitis in broilers. Infected birds exhibited significant weight loss compared to controls, with reductions of 11.78% and 8.93% at 14 and 21 days post-infection, respectively.

Discussion

This study highlights the unique molecular and pathogenic characteristics of the novel ARV strain FJ202311, contributing to our understanding of ARV diversity and epidemiology in China. These findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring and provide insights for developing improved prevention and control strategies against ARV.
Evidence for direct dopaminergic connections between substantia nigra pars compacta and thalamus in young healthy humans
Authors: Cirillo Giovanni , Caiazzo Giuseppina , Franza Federica , Cirillo Mario , Papa Michele , Esposito Fabrizio
Published: January 2025

The substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), one of the main dopaminergic nuclei of the brain, exerts a regulatory function on the basal ganglia circuitry via the nigro-striatal pathway but its possible dopaminergic innervation of the thalamus has been only investigated in non-human primates. The impossibility of tract-tracing studies in humans has boosted advanced MRI techniques and multi-shell high-angular resolution diffusion MRI (MS-HARDI) has promised to shed more light on the structural connectivity of subcortical structures. Here, we estimated the possible dopaminergic innervation of the human thalamus via an MS-HARDI tractography of the SNc in healthy human young adults. Two MRI data sets were serially acquired using MS-HARDI schemes from ADNI and HCP neuroimaging initiatives in a group of 10 healthy human subjects (5 males, age range: 25–30 years). High resolution 3D-T1 images were independently acquired to individually segment the thalamus and the SNc. Starting from whole-brain probabilistic tractography, all streamlines through the SNc reaching the thalamus were counted, separately for each hemisphere, after excluding streamlines through the substantia nigra pars reticulata and all those reaching the basal ganglia, the cerebellum and the cortex. We found a reproducible structural connectivity between the SNc and the thalamus, with an average of ~12% of the total number of streamlines encompassing the SNc and terminating in the thalamus, with no other major subcortical or cortical structures involved. The first principal component map of dopamine receptor density from a normative PET image data set suggested similar dopamine levels across SNc and thalamus. This is the first quantitative report from in-vivo measurements in humans supporting the presence of a direct nigro-thalamic dopaminergic projection. While histological validation and concurrent PET-MRI remains needed for ultimate proofing of existence, given the potential role of this pathway, the possibility to achieve a good reproducibility of these measurements in humans might enable the monitoring of dopaminergic-related disorders, towards targeted personalized therapies.