bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A primary nasopharyngeal three-dimensional air-liquid interface cell culture model of the pseudostratified epithelium reveals differential donor- and cell type-specific susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus infection
Authors: Ziegler Phillip , Tian Yarong , Bai Yulong , Abrahamsson Sanna , Bäckerholm Alan , Reznik Alex S. , Green Anthony , Moore John A. , Lee Stella E. , Myerburg Michael M. , Park Hyun Jung , Tang Ka-Wei , Shair Kathy Ho Yen
Published: April 2021

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous γ-herpesvirus with latent and lytic cycles. EBV replicates in the stratified epithelium but the nasopharynx is also composed of pseudostratified epithelium with distinct cell types. Latent infection is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, we show with nasopharyngeal conditionally reprogrammed cells cultured at the air-liquid interface that pseudostratified epithelial cells are susceptible to EBV infection. Donors varied in susceptibility to de novo EBV infection, but susceptible cultures also displayed differences with respect to pathogenesis. The cultures from one donor yielded lytic infection but cells from two other donors were positive for EBV-encoded EBERs and negative for other lytic infection markers. All cultures stained positive for the pseudostratified markers CK7, MUC5AC, α-tubulin in cilia, and the EBV epithelial cell receptor Ephrin receptor A2. To define EBV transcriptional programs by cell type and to elucidate latent/lytic infection-differential changes, we performed single cell RNA-sequencing on one EBV-infected culture that resulted in alignment with many EBV transcripts. EBV transcripts represented a small portion of the total transcriptome (~0.17%). All cell types in the pseudostratified epithelium had detectable EBV transcripts with suprabasal cells showing the highest number of reads aligning to many EBV genes. Several restriction factors (IRF1, MX1, STAT1, C18orf25) known to limit lytic infection were expressed at lower levels in the lytic subcluster. A third of the differentially-expressed genes in NPC tumors compared to an uninfected pseudostratified ALI culture overlapped with the differentially-expressed genes in the latent subcluster. A third of these commonly perturbed genes were specific to EBV infection and changed in the same direction. Collectively, these findings suggest that the pseudostratified epithelium could harbor EBV infection and that the pseudostratified infection model mirrors many of the transcriptional changes imposed by EBV infection in NPC.
Commercial Gestational Surrogacy: Unravelling the threads between reproductive tourism and child trafficking
Authors: Hyder-Rahman Nishat
Published: April 2021

Narratives of commercial gestational surrogacy (CGS) as ‘baby-selling’ often conflate or interchange the transfer of children born via surrogacy with trafficking in children or the sale of children, two sometimes overlapping but nonetheless distinct offenses. Moreover, anti-trafficking laws have been used to police cross-border CGS. But when do CGS arrangements fall within the category of legitimate ‘reproductive tourism’ and when do they amount to child trafficking? In this paper I critically explore intersections between human trafficking laws and CGS, vis-à-vis the child, charting the relevant trafficking laws in the context of international surrogacy, and analysing whether trafficking laws are an appropriate mechanism through which to regulate CGS. I conclude that while child trafficking might occur via surrogacy, CGS in itself is not child trafficking under international law.
Validitas dan Reliabilitas Ages & Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional 2 versi Indonesia Validitas dan Reliabilitas Ages & Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional 2 versi Indonesia
Authors: Cesilia Citra , Wulandari Diah Asri , Dhamayanti Meita
Published: April 2021

Latar belakang. Identifikasi dini gangguan sosial, emosi, dan perilaku merupakan hal penting untuk anak usia 3 tahun kebawah. Saat ini belum ada instrumen skrining untuk kelompok usia tersebut.Tujuan. Untuk menilai validitas dan reliabilitas Kuesioner Ages & Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional 2 versi Indonesia Metode. Studi ini merupakan studi potong-lintang yang dilakukan pada periode Agustus 2018 hingga November 2018 di Puskesmas Garuda, Bandung, Indonesia. Hasil. Sebanyak 659 dari 689 anak-anak terlibat pada studi ini. Hasil Cronbach’s alpha berkisar 0,486-0,779 sedangkan metode Split-half berkisar 0,08-0,91. Koefisien korelasi studi ini sebesar 0,68-0,95.Kesimpulan. Uji validitas ASQ:SE-2 pada usia 12-36 bulan memenuhi kriteria validitas. Uji reliabilitas menggunakan Cronbach alpha pada kelompok usia 18, 24, dan 30 bulan memiliki reliabilitas yang cukup baik, adapun pada kelompok usia 12 bulan hasil uji reliabilitas dibawah cut-off point yang menunjukkan hasil tidak reliabel.
Perbandingan Kriteria ACR-1997 dan SLICC-2012 dalam Diagnosis Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik pada Anak
Authors: Pramesti Dwi Lestari , Muktiarti Dina
Published: April 2021

Latar belakang. Lupus eritematosus sistemik merupakan penyakit autoimun sistemik pada jaringan ikat yang bersifat kronik dan progresif, terutama pada anak. Hingga saat ini belum ada diagnosis baku emas, sehingga untuk menegakkan diagnosis dapat menggunakan kriteria The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) tahun 1997 atau The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) tahun 2012.Tujuan. Mengumpulkan bukti ilmiah perbandingan penggunaan kriteria ACR-1997 dan SLICC-2012 dalam diagnosis lupus eritematosus sistemik pada anak.Metode. Penelusuran literatur secara sistematis secara daring melalui database Pubmed dan Cochrane. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Review Manager dan model hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) pada studi meta-analsiis. Kualitas studi dinilai dengan QUADAS-2.Hasil. Satu artikel telaah sistematis dan meta-analisis dan satu artikel studi longitudinal dilakukan telaah kritis. Kualitas kedua studi dinilai baik. Studi oleh Hartman dkk menunjukkan kriteria ACR-1997 lebih dianjurkan sebagai kriteria klasifikasi LES pada anak karena lebih spesifik (94,1% vs 82%) dan menghindari terjadinya positif palsu. Studi kedua oleh Lythgoe dkk menunjukkan SLICC-2012 lebih sensitif (92,9% vs 84,1%) dan secara lebih dini mengklasifikasi pasien anak dengan LES.Kesimpulan. Kriteria SLICC-2012 memiliki sensitivitas yang lebih tinggi dalam klasifikasi LES pada anak tetapi memiliki spesifisitas yang lebih rendah dibandingkan ACR-1997. Namun, SLICC-2012 dapat mengklasifikasi LES lebih dini secara signifikan dibandingkan ACR-1997.
Estrangeirização de terras em Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Dalperio Buscioli Lara
Published: April 2021

O estado do Mato Grosso do Sul se coloca no ranking brasileiro da estrangeirização de terras em terceiro lugar, expressividade que está baseada no seu processo de criação e nas políticas governamentais que deram subsídios para a territorialização de empresas de capital internacional. Compreendemos este processo como o de apropriação de terras para vários fins, acirrando os conflitos entre diferentes sujeitos. Neste trabalho, debatemos os impactos da territorialização do grupo francês Louis Dreyfus Company (LDC) em Rio Brilhante e as resistências por parte do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) nos assentamentos PA Margarida Alves, PA Silvio Rodrigues e PA São Judas. Assim, os impactos causados estão vinculados à perda da produção de alimentos e contaminação ambiental devido à pulverização do agrotóxico utilizado na cana-de-açúcar, bem como da saúde com problemas respiratórios, gastrointestinais e de envenenamento/intoxicação. Com os impactos sofridos, o MST resiste por meio de ações de enfrentamento direto com as manifestações e reuniões com o objetivo de impedir a entrada da LDC nos assentamentos e o tráfego de seus caminhões, com as resistências produtivas por meio do trabalho e da comercialização dos produtos.

Palavras-chave: Estrangeirização de Terras. Louis Dreyfus Company. Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra. Resistências. Impactos Socioterritoriais.
Análise do território vitivinícola da Bairrada, Portugal
Authors: Andrade Áurea Andrade Viana de , Santos Norberto
Published: April 2021

A internacionalização dos lugares tem influenciado as dinâmicas territoriais, especialmente pelos interesses econômicos. Tal fato provoca discussões entre os atores sociais locais para pensar o território. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a atuação do Estado e dos atores sociais locais na promoção de políticas territoriais para o setor vitivinícola.  Optou-se como lócus a Bairrada, que se constitui em uma das rotas vitivinícolas e gastronômicas de Portugal. Ainda que sua emergência seja região Denominação de Origem - DO, o enfoque foi de território. Para a pesquisa, o aporte teórico-metodológico foi centrado no desenvolvimento territorial, considerando a tipologia dos atores sociais, públicos e privados, os tipos de ações, as redes de circulação e de comunicações, a relação espaço/tempo nas territorialidades e nas relações para o desenvolvimento.  A pesquisa foi organizada em dois momentos. No primeiro, realizou-se uma breve revisão bibliográfica e documental. No segundo momento, tratou da pesquisa empírica na Bairrada com entrevistas, entre gestores públicos e privados. Os resultados indicam que o território da Bairrada tem apresentado um desenvolvimento positivo, direcionando para um desenvolvimento desejável (normativo) e mais dinâmico.
Android based Diabetic Manager to Enhance Compliance and to Control Blood Glucose Level among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Supriyatno Heru , Widigdo Dwi Ari Murti , Rahmawati Wiwin Renny
Published: April 2021

Android Based Diabetic Manager (ABDM) is an application used for diabetic patients to control their diet. This application is an easy way to remind them in consuming foods and giving them alert when its necessary calories have been achieved. This study was conducted in response to technological developments in the Era 4.0 to help people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus through diet control that can be done independently. This study was conducted in the city of Magelang aimed to evaluate whether using ABMD was effective to improve patients adherence in their diet and to control their blood glucose levels. This experimental study was using pre test and post test with control group design. By using simple random sampling, 52 people suffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus recruited in this study devided into two groups, ABDM group and control group. The Pearson Chi-Square test result showed that there was significantly different between ABDM group and control group in the status of blood glucose control and patient adherence with p value was 0.048and 0.000 respectively (p value <0.05). This result indicated that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, which could be interpreted that Android based Diabetic Managerapplication influenced the status of blood sugar control and improved the patient adherence in managing their diet. Android based Diabetic Managerapplication influenced the status of blood sugar control and improved the patient adherence in managing their diet. Recomendation was made to conduct future study in the wider Diabetes community by adding more complete types of menu list and its variations in the Android based Diabetic Manager.
A Study on Contact Tracing Apps for Covid-19: Privacy and Security Perspective
Authors: Ali Auwal Shehu , Zaaba Zarul Fitri
Published: April 2021

To support the manual contact tracing methods of Covid-19, countries and big companies like Apple and Google are busy developing several contact tracing applications. The purpose of digital contact tracing apps is to accelerate existing traditional face to face interview method which can control the pandemic effectively and rapidly. A major concern is whether consumers will be willing to download, install, and use the contact tracing applications because of the debate it created about its main attribute like security, privacy concern, system framework, data processing, location measurement. In this paper we discuss the contact tracing apps and its different architecture, then we analyze the framework in term of security, privacy concern and privacy policy. We reported 47 contact tracing applications which are from 28 countries worldwide, with several others expected to be roll out later. We found that 23 percent of contact tracing apps currently implemented do not provide privacy policy in their documentation. We believe that these comprehensive evaluation and specific suggestions will lead to creation and implementation of solutions towards Covid-19 and support governments and mobile development industries in creating safe and privacy conserving apps for contact tracing solutions.
Assessment of Organizational Agility in Software Projects
Authors: Masilamani Prabha , Suresh M.
Published: April 2021

In the current context of business, agility refers to the dynamic capability of an organization to adapt itself to market and industry demands in a productive and cost-effective manner. Organizational Agility focuses on both stability and dynamism, is more people centric in its approach towards efficient output through faster decision cycles and leveraging technology to manage risks and produce the desired output for its customers. This paper aims at evaluating the organizational agility level from the perspective of people and culture in a software project organization using the multi-grade fuzzy approach. Findings from the case study indicate that the case organization agility index is 6.79 which specifies as ‘agile’. Importance Performance Analysis is used to identify the weaker attributes of case organization. Furthermore, recommendations for the improvisation of weaker attributes of the case organization are discussed.
Practical Implications of Using Dockers on Virtualized SDN
Authors: Midha Sugandhi , Tripathi Khushboo , Sharma M.K.
Published: April 2021

Containers, Dockers, and Software Defined Networks are one of the prominent topics in the market these days. In a wish to cater to new business needs of containers with clouds and linking all it to SDN gives promising results. To solve various issues like multiple located branch networks, high cost, technical resources required at each location, expertise requirement, decentralized control of network devices, dependency on separate VLANs for each branch, difficult traffic management, etc., we surveyed works of literature and studies for the various existing SDN controllers. In our paper, we have tried to predict the importance of using Dockers on the SDN Cloud Platform. Various Parameters like latency, throughput, bandwidth usage, availability, connectivity, packet loss, etc. have been used to check SDN performance with and without the use of Dockers. We have tried to provide detailed test analysis and results regarding various performance parameters based on the simulations on the Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Results on Dockers have been proven in terms of resource utilization; talk about CPU usage or memory usage; usage is rising exponentially in the case of VMs as compared to containers. Bootup latency time in Dockers is also almost half the time taken by VMs.
Creating a digital learning ecosystem to facilitate authentic place-based learning and international collaboration – a coastal case study
Authors: Bone Elisa , Greenfield Richard , Williams Gray , Russell Bayden
Published: April 2021

Authentic, place-based experiential learning is essential for students of ecology, whilst an understanding of broader human impacts is necessary for effective conservation efforts. Creating future environmental leaders requires fostering such understanding whilst building transferable skills in collaboration, communication and cultural competence. Mobile technologies and collaborative digital tools can connect students across broad geographic locations, allowing them to share experiences and build a common understanding of global environmental challenges. Within this concise paper, we report on the initial stages and proposed next steps in building a learning ecosystem, consisting of a digital platform and embedded tools, to facilitate undergraduate learning in coastal ecology across universities in Australia, Hong Kong and South Africa. Using here a framework guided by design-based research (DBR), we discuss the design and development of these digital tools in context, and their proposed integration into upper undergraduate science curricula across locations.
Wirtschaftlichkeit und Systemintegration von supraleitenden 380 kV Höchstspannungskabeln
Authors: Noe Mathias , Kottonau Dustin
Published: April 2021

Im aktuellen Netzentwicklungsplan Strom ist der Neu- und Zubau mehrerer 1000 km von Übertragungsleitungen geplant. Eine zunehmende Anzahl von Verbindungen wird dabei als Drehstrom-Erdkabel ausgeführt. Aufgrund der erzielbaren Vorteile erscheinen supraleitende 380 kV Drehstromkabel zunehmend attraktiv. Dieser Beitrag fasst zunächst den grundlegenden Aufbau und die Eigenschaften supraleitender 380 kV Drehstromkabel zusammen und führt an einem Beispiel einen wirtschaftlichen Vergleich mit einem konventionellen Kabel durch. Abschliessend werden die wichtigsten Anforderungen an die Systemintegration eines supraleitenden Kabels aus Sicht eines Netzbetreibers aufgeführt und deren Erfüllung bewertet. Als wesentliches Ergebnis bleibt festzuhalten, dass supraleitende 380 kV Kabel wirtschaftlich sein können und die betrieblichen Anforderungen an die Systemintegration aus Sicht eines Netzbetreibers erfüllen können.
Recombinant Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin-1 (rBFT-1) promotes proliferation of colorectal cancer via CCL3-related molecular pathways
Authors: Xie Xiaoliang , Jiang Dan , Zhou Xuebing , Ye Xiaoping , Yang Ping , He Yaqin
Published: April 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide and stands among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Although deregulation of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract has been frequently described in CRC, very little is known about the precise molecular mechanisms by which bacteria and their toxins modulate the process of tumorigenesis and behavior of cancer cells. In this study, we produced recombinant Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin-1 (rBFT1) and demonstrate that rBFT1 could promote cell proliferation in colorectal cancer cells and accelerate tumor growth in vivo. To identify the mechanisms, we further investigated CCL3/CCR5 and NF-κB pathway. We found that CCL3, CCR5, NF-κB, and TRAF-6 were dramatically upregulated after rBFT1 treatment, thus suggesting that the role of rBFT1 in CRC progression may be associated with CCL3/CCR5 and NF-κB pathways. Collectively, our results indicate that rBFT1 serves as a tumor promoter and plays a crucial role in inducing the proliferation of CRC via accelerating CCL3-related molecular pathway, thus giving insights into mechanistic underpinnings for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
Multicenter evaluation of use of dried blood spot compared to conventional plasma in measurements of globotriaosylsphingosine (LysoGb3) concentration in 104 Fabry patients
Authors: Malvagia Sabrina , Ferri Lorenzo , Della Bona Maria , Borsini Walter , Cirami Calogero Lino , Dervishi Egrina , Feriozzi Sandro , Gasperini Serena , Motta Serena , Mignani Renzo , Trezzi Barbara , Pieruzzi Federico , Morrone Amelia , Daniotti Marta , Donati Maria Alice , la Marca Giancarlo
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, resulting from a deficiency of the enzyme α-galactosidase A, responsible for breaking down glycolipids such as globotriaosylceramide and its deacylated derivative, globotriaosylsphingosine (LysoGb3). Here, we compare the levels of LysoGb3 in dried blood spots (DBS) and plasma in patients with classic and late-onset phenotypes.

Methods

LysoGb3 measurements were performed in 104 FD patients, 39 males and 65 females. Venous blood was collected. A portion was spotted onto filter paper and another portion separated to obtain plasma. The LysoGb3 concentrations in DBS and plasma were determined by highly sensitive electrospray ionization liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Agreement between different matrices was assessed using linear regression and Bland Altman analysis.

Results

The method on DBS was validated by evaluating its precision, accuracy, matrix effect, recovery, and stability. The analytical performances were verified by comparison of a total of 104 paired DBS and plasma samples from as many FD patients (representing 46 GLA variants). There was a strong correlation between plasma and the corresponding DBS LysoGb3 concentrations, with few exceptions. Discrepancies were observed in anemic patients with typically low hematocrit levels compared to the normal range.

Conclusions

The method proved to be efficient for the rapid analysis of LysoGb3. DBS provides a convenient, sensitive, and reproducible method for measuring LysoGb3 levels for diagnosis, initial phenotypic assignment, and therapeutic monitoring in patients with FD.
Urinary gonadotropin measurements by enhanced luminometric assays (LIA) for the evaluation of pubertal development
Authors: Demir And , Aydın Adem , Büyükgebiz Atilla , Stenman Ulf-Håkan , Hero Matti
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Determination of LH in urine has proved to be a reliable method for evaluation of pubertal development. The human LH assay based on time-resolved immunofluorometric (IFMA) technology (AutoDELFIA, PerkinElmer, Wallac) has been found to be suitable for this purpose thanks to its high sensitivity but other assays have not been evaluated. We have analyzed our data obtained by another potentially sensitive detection technique, enhanced luminometric assay (LIA) with the objective of finding a viable alternative to IFMA since these may not be available in the future.

Methods

LIA was used to measure LH and FSH in serum and urine samples from 100 healthy subjects of each Tanner stage and both genders, whose pubertal development has been determined.

Results

Urinary gonodotropin concentrations measured by LIA correlated well with Tanner stage [(r=0.93 for girls, r=0.81 for boys; p<0.01 for LH) and (r=0.81 for girls, r=0.73 for boys; p<0.01 for FSH)]. LIA determinations revealed the increase in U-LH concentrations during the transition from Tanner stage 1–2 in both girls and boys (p<0.001), whereas U-FSH and S-LH were able to detect the increase from Tanner stage 1–2 only in boys or girls, respectively (both p<0.001).

Conclusions

Measurement of urinary gonadotropin concentrations by LIA may be useful for the evaluation of overall pubertal development and also in the detection of transition from prepuberty to puberty.
The roles of possible geographic barriers and geological events on the phylogeographic structure of the Eastern broad toothed field mouse (Apodemus mystacinus)
Authors: Olgun Karacan Gül , Çolak Reyhan , Çolak Ercüment
Published: April 2021

The Eastern broad toothed field mouse, Apodemus mystacinus, is a rodent species distributed in Turkey, the Middle East, and a few Aegean Islands. The aim of this study is to analyse the phylogeographic structure of A. mystacinus and possible causes of its differentiation, on the basis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences using a large number of new samples from Turkey. In this context, partial mitochondrial sequences of cytochrome b (Cytb), control region (D-loop) and a nuclear interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) gene were used to reveal the geographical differentiation among A. mystacinus populations and the validity of its subspecies. The estimated divergence times revealed that the first separation of A. mystacinus into three distinct groups (subspecies of A. mystacinus: A. m. mystacinus, A. m. smyrnensis, and A. m. euxinus) begun 0.641 Mya. The possible physical barriers in Anatolia such as high mountains and rivers could interrupt the gene flow between A. mystacinus populations. The results of the present study indicated that A. mystacinus might have used the high rocky areas along the Anatolian Diagonal as a dispersal way. Moreover, mitochondrial data in this study suggested for the first time that A. m. rhodius is synonymous with the nominative subspecies A. m. mystacinus.
A General Multipatch Model of Ebola Dynamics
Authors: Rebaza Jorge
Published: April 2021

A model for the transmission dynamics of Ebola virus in a multipatch network setting is studied. The model considers the contribution to the dynamics by people who are susceptible, infectious, isolated, deceased but still infectious and not yet buried, as well as the dynamics of the pathogen at interacting nodes or patches. Humans can move between patches carrying the disease to any patch in a region of n communities (patches). Both direct and indirect transmission are accounted for in this model. Matrix and graph-theoretic methods and some combinatorial identities are used to construct appropriate Lyapunov functions to establish global stability results for both the disease-free and the endemic equilibrium of the model. While the model is focused on Ebola, it can be adapted to the study of other disease epidemics, including COVID-19, currently affecting all countries in the world.
The semantic and syntactic ingredients of Greek dish names: Are compounds a main choice?
Authors: Markantonatou Stella , Toraki Katerina , Stamou Vivian , Pavlidis George
Published: April 2021

The syntactic and semantic analyses of 2,500 dish names retrieved from 112 restaurant, tavern, and patisserie menus in Eastern Macedonia and in Thrace in Northern Greece show that only a small number of concepts are denoted by the heads of these noun phrases (NPs): Main Ingredient (MI) of a dish, Way of preparation, Part or Cuts (for MIs with an animal as a source), and the word “portion.” Seventy percent of the dish names are headed by a noun denoting the MI or the Way of preparation in which case the MI is introduced by a modifier of the head. Syntactically, these are mostly normal Modern Greek NPs, although NPs consisting of adjacent nouns offer fertile grounds for discussing aspects of compound formation in this language. This study has instructed the structuring of a knowledge base aimed to support applications in gastronomic tourism (menu translation, provision of gastronomic, dietary, and cultural information about the foods).
Are robots perceived as good decision makers? A study investigating trust and preference of robotic and human linesman-referees in football
Authors: Das Kaustav , Wang Yixiao , Green Keith E.
Published: April 2021

Increasingly, robots are decision makers in manufacturing, finance, medicine, and other areas, but the technology may not be trusted enough for reasons such as gaps between expectation and competency, challenges in explainable AI, users’ exposure level to the technology, etc. To investigate the trust issues between users and robots, the authors employed in this study, the case of robots making decisions in football (or “soccer” as it is known in the US) games as referees. More specifically, we presented a study on how the appearance of a human and three robotic linesmen (as presented in a study by Malle et al.) impacts fans’ trust and preference for them. Our online study with 104 participants finds a positive correlation between “Trust” and “Preference” for humanoid and human linesmen, but not for “AI” and “mechanical” linesmen. Although no significant trust differences were observed for different types of linesmen, participants do prefer human linesman to mechanical and humanoid linesmen. Our qualitative study further validated these quantitative findings by probing possible reasons for people’s preference: when the appearance of a linesman is not humanlike, people focus less on the trust issues but more on other reasons for their linesman preference such as efficiency, stability, and minimal robot design. These findings provide important insights for the design of trustworthy decision-making robots which are increasingly integrated to more and more aspects of our everyday lives.
An aspectual contour of phrasal verb constructions with English think
Authors: Kokorniak Iwona
Published: April 2021

In English, the internal constituency of an event is obligatorily expressed by means of non-progressive versus progressive aspect. It is also represented linguistically by means of lexical aspect, and thus verb semantics. The two types of distinctions are shown to lie at two different levels of schematicity in the Integrated Model of Aspect (IMA, Kokorniak 2018). Although particles constitute only an additional tool in aspectual profiling in English, they are very productive at the level of lexical aspect in profiling minor aspectual differences that main verb semantics and inflection cannot reflect. The particles that the verb think can be combined with include out, over, through and up. Monolingual learners’ dictionaries suggest that think out, think over and think through can be used interchangeably. Their definitions indicate that in all three cases the particles designate a careful and thorough mental process. The study presents an aspectual contour of think and the particles that the verb can be combined with, and displays that each particle constitutes an elaboration of the mental path in a slightly different way. Their semantic contribution to the aspectual verb profile is shown and located in the IMA continuum, while corpus examples depict their use.
Comunicación en el sector turístico. Puntuaciones y comentarios de usuarios como variables estratégicas
Authors: Gavilán Bouzas Diana , Martínez-Navarro Gema , Fernández-Lores Susana
Published: April 2021

Las evaluaciones o puntuaciones numéricas y los comentarios hechos por usuarios en los sites de alojamientos turísticos representan actualmente una forma de influencia social informacional de gran impacto en la toma de decisiones. Esta investigación se centra en analizar qué contenidos son relevantes en la primera etapa del proceso de selección de alojamientos turísticos; como integran los usuarios la información procedente de otros usuarios y qué tipo de interacciones se producen entre las evaluaciones numéricas y los comentarios. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio exploratorio cuyos resultados sugieren que, en contextos donde existe abundancia de opciones, los usuarios recurren a estrategias que les ayuden a discriminar entre ellas. Las evaluaciones numéricas adquieren especial relevancia porque facilitan y simplifican el proceso de preselección de alternativas. Se observa que la interacción entre la evaluación numérica y el número de comentarios confiere credibilidad y modera la decisión.
A Portable Active Photovoltaic Solar Energy System in Treating Wastewaters by Electrocoagulation
Authors: El Din Mohamad Hagar Alm , Amr M. H. A. , Bastawissi A. A. , Bastawissi A. E. , Panchal Hitesh , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar
Published: April 2021

This study presents the effects of adding some provisions to a portable photovoltaic (PV) solar energy system to obtain both DC and ac sources. An efficient ac high-speed fan was powered from this system to cool the PV module for reducing its power loss because of a temperature rise. A DC electrocoagulation (EC) cell was powered from the active PV system to treat real dairy wastewater. The results revealed that about 5 % loss in maximum power output of the PV module at 25°C was avoided by the added provisions while the EC cell efficiently treated the tested wastewater. For this wastewater, the maximum removal efficiencies of turbidity, suspended pollutants, and chemical oxygen demand were 97, 62, and 72.5 %, respectively. The cell effluent complied with the Egyptian requirements for discharge on public sewer system. This work indicates the technical feasibility of raising the efficiency of PV modules while producing both ac and DC sources.
The “Creative Extremism” of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Importance of Tension
Authors: Burrell Kristopher Bryan
Published: April 2021

The author revisits Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham City Jail” from April of 1963 to better appreciate the “radical” King and his critique of the “moral” principles of white moderates within the context of the recent events of this past year.
DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ FAKÜLTESİNE BAŞVURAN HASTALARIN DİŞ MACUNU TERCİHLERİ VE DİŞ MACUNLARINDAKİ FLOR İLE İLGİLİ GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: ÇOBANĞLU Nevin , SAĞ GÜNGÖR Fatma , DÖNMEZ Nazmiye , ALNAFTACHİ Noor
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, iki
farklı şehirde diş hekimliği fakültesine başvuran hastaların diş macunları
tercihini ve bu tercihlerindeki bilinç durumlarını belirlemektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada farklı
şehirlerdeki iki diş hekimliği fakültesinin restoratif  diş tedavisi anabilim dalına başvuran 500 er gönüllü
birey yer aldı. Hastaların ağız içi muayeneleri yapıldı ve DMFT değerleri
kaydedildi. Yapılan anket aracılığıyla demografik bilgiler, bireylerin hangi
diş macunlarını kullandığı, diş macunlarındaki florla ilgili bilgi ve görüşleri,
diş hekimlerinin hastalarını çürük riski açısından bilgilendirme ve diş
macunlarını sorgulama durumları ile ilgili veriler elde edildi. Toplanan
verilerin istatistiksel analizi Ki-Kare testi uygulanarak gerçekleştirildi.Bulgular: Her iki şehir de ankete
katılan tüm bireylerin %13’ünün florürsüz diş macunu kullandığı, bunların İstanbul’da
%72 ve Konya’da % 86’sı florsuz diş macununu bilinçli bir tercihle kullanmadığı
görüldü. Florlu diş macununu bilinçli olarak kullanma oranı İstanbul’da tüm
hastaların %33, Konya’da tüm hastaların %28 dir. Konya’daki hastaların % 40’ı, İstanbul’daki
hastaların % 36 sı florsuz macunların daha zararsız olduğunu düşünmektedir. Konya’daki
hastaların ve İstanbul’daki hastaların kullandıkları diş macunlarının diş hekimleri
tarafından sorgulanma oranı sırasıyla %20 ve %25, çürüğe yatkınlıkları
konusunda diş hekimleri tarafından bilgilendirilme oranları sırasıyla  % 40 ve % 42 dir.Sonuçlar:Hastaların %13’ü  flosuz diş macunu kullanmakta, %40’ı florsuz
macunların daha zararsız olduğunu düşünmektedir.  Hastalar diş macunlarını flor açısından bilinçli
bir şekilde seçmemektedir.  Diş
hekimlerinin hastalarını bilgilendirme oranları % 50 den azdır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Flor,
florlu diş macunu, florsuz diş macunu,
Common Carotid Artery Occlusion and Double-Nucleated Cellular Structures In The Rat Sensorimotor Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Avdeev D. B. , Akulinin V. A. , Stepanov S. S. , Shoronova A. Yu. , Makarieva L. M. , Gorbunova A. V. , Korzhuk M. S. , Markelov M. V.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study. To study the double-nucleated cellular structures of the brain sensorimotor cortex (SMC) of sexually mature white rats after a 40-minute occlusion of the common carotid arteries.

Methods. Acute ischemia was simulated in white Wistar rats by 40-minute occlusion of the common carotid arteries (OCCA). We performed comparative morphometric evaluation of cyto-, dendro-, synapto-, and glioar-chitectonics of the neocortex in intact animals (n=5), and 1 (n=5), 3 (n=5), and 7 days (n=5) after OCCA. We used Nissl, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical reactions for NSE, MAP-2, HSP-70, p38, caspase-3, GFAP, AIF1, and Ki-67. Numerical density of pyramidal neurons, oligodendrocytes (ODCs), mi-croglyocytes (MGCs), presence of dystrophic and necrobiotic neurons with one or more nucleoli, hetero- and dikaryons were assessed. Statistical hypotheses were tested using Statistica 8.0 software.

Results. The percentage of dystrophic and necrobiotic neurons, nerve cells with two nuclei or two or more nucleoli, the total number (proliferation) and percentage of hypertrophic astrocytes, ODCs and MGCs increased significantly after OCCA. The total numerical density of SMC neurons decreased by 26.4% (P=0.001) in layer III and by 18.5% in layer V (Mann-Whitney U Test; P=0.01) after OCCA throughout the observation period. Pathological and compensatory changes were diffusely focal and more pronounced in layer III of the neocortex. The density of bi-nucleated heterokaryons and dikaryons remained unchanged on days 1 and 3 after OCCA vs control and was 3.5 (1.5-4.0)/mm2, and increased to 6.5 (5.0-8.5)/mm2 on day 7 (Mann-Whitney U Test; P=0.002). This increase occurred along with a higher density of ODCs and MGCs than in the control. The maximum number of neurons with two or more nucleoli was also noted in layer III and V during this period.

Conclusion. After 40-minute OCCA in SMC, parallel to the dystrophic and necrobiotic changes of pyramidal neurons and activation of neuroglial cells, there was an increase in the formation of heterokaryons and neurons with amplified nucleolus. These changes were considered as a variant of neuronal response to ischemic damage.
Evaluar el Pensamiento Computacional mediante Resolución de Problemas: Validación de un Instrumento de Evaluación
Authors: Ortega Ruipérez Beatriz , Asensio Brouard Mikel
Published: April 2021

El pensamiento computacional se está evaluando, en la mayoría de los enfoques, a través de elementos de programación. Desde aquí se promueve un enfoque de evaluación desde la resolución de problemas complejos, ya este pensamiento es utilizado como una estrategia de resolución de problemas. En este artículo se valida el constructo teórico de un instrumento de evaluación para medir pensamiento computacional mediante la resolución de problemas complejos, con una batería de pruebas compuesta por 15 ítems. En primer lugar, se describen los principios utilizados para el diseño, principios basados en el enfoque de evaluación de sistemas complejos múltiples y el marco de PISA utilizado en 2012. Posteriormente, se analiza el modelo teórico propuesto de 2 factores: representación del problema y resolución del problema, y varios modelos adicionales con ajustes a partir del modelo teórico. Se determina que el modelo que mejor ajusta es el de 2 factores, coincidiendo con la propuesta teórica. Por último, se realizan análisis, por un lado, de la adecuación de los ítems a cada factor, confirmando así la adecuación de las pruebas, y por otro lado, la correlación entre factores obteniendo un 0,969. Se concluye que el instrumento tiene un grado de validez muy elevado, por lo que resulta adecuado para medir el pensamiento computacional a través de la resolución de problemas.
Sueños en blanco y negro: La expansión de la Ufa en Brasil y América Latina
Authors: Fuhrmann Wolfang
Published: April 2021

La Ufa, la Universum Film AG de Berlín, Alemania, fue el único estudio cinematográfico que logró competir con los grandes estudios de Hollywood en los años 1920 y 1930. Con ciento cuarenta sucursales, agencias y salas de cine en todo el mundo, la Ufa fue un global player en el cine mundial. A pesar de su reputación, sabemos muy poco sobre la estructura de la Ufa en el exterior, por ejemplo, en América Latina. Basado en correspondencias de la Ufa con sus socios y otras fuentes primarias, el artículo presenta por primera vez una mirada a las diversas actividades de la Ufa en el continente, su estrategia de distribución, marketing y los problemas que la Ufa encontró en los países latinoamericanos. El siguiente artículo se enfocará en el mercado brasileño, donde la Ufa abrió el primer UFA-Palácio en 1936, en São Paulo. Para la Ufa, el palacio debería ser el inicio de su expansión en el mercado brasileño y en Suramérica; pero el sueño de una Ufa do Brasil terminó temprano con el inicio de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
La era digital en la inscripción registral y publicidad registral
Authors: Huerta Ayala Oscar
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo trata sobre la influencia de la tecnología en los servicios de publicidad e inscripción registral que brindan la SUNARP, por lo se trata del paso de los tomos físicos a las partidas electrónicas, el uso de la tecnología en la publicidad registral, sus principales productos: Servicio de Publicidad Registral en Línea, Servicio de Base Gráfica Registral en Archivo Digital, Publicidad Registral de Título Archivado Electrónico. Asimismo, se trata del Uso de la Tecnología en la Inscripción Registral con el uso de la plataforma del SID SUNARP, para los diversos actos en diferentes registros, Presentación Telemática de Embargos Coactivos, Presentación Electrónica de la Medida de Incautación mediante Parte Judicial con Firma Digital, Presentación Electrónica de la Medida de Congelamiento Administrativo de Activos dispuesta por la UIF-Perú, Problemática, Jurisprudencia registral, Conclusiones y Propuestas.
La pena de prestación de servicios a la comunidad, como alternativa positiva y la creación de un registro nacional, para su efectiva aplicación
Authors: Ramos Falcón Jesús Josué
Published: April 2021

Se estudia la pena de prestación del servicio a la comunidad en sus diversos componentes temáticos: Su regulación, grado de aplicación, desarrollo dogmático. Se examina sus ventajas en relación a los beneficios de rehabilitación, reeducación y resocialización del condenado. Entre las principales causas de su mínima aplicación destacan: el escaso desarrollo doctrinal; la imprecisa regulación normativa sobre la conversión, la falta de difusión como pena alternativa a la pena privativa de libertad. Finalmente es preciso señalar que la pena de prestación de servicios a la comunidad es más efectiva y productiva que la reserva del fallo condenatorio y la suspensión de la ejecución de la pena. Pese a las modificaciones legislativas sobre la pena de prestación del servicio a la comunidad; es inminentemente la aplicación de un control y registro de estos condenados a través de la creación de un Registro Nacional de Sentenciados a la pena de prestación de servicios a la comunidad “RENSPSC” con el empleo de las herramientas virtuales. El Registro de estos condenados permitiría contar con información actualizada, en tiempo real, sobre las entidades receptoras, modalidades de cumplimiento de la pena, grado de cumplimiento; órganos jurisdiccionales emisores de la sentencia, entre otras variables.
Desafíos del derecho de la protección de datos en días de globalización
Authors: Peralta Orosco Suly
Published: April 2021

Los Derechos Humanos contienen, en sí mismos, sustratos esenciales dinámicos por naturaleza que requieren ser protegidos atendiendo a los nuevos escenarios en que se actualmente se proyectan. La sociedad informatizada orientada por el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación cuanto más evoluciona, invade con mayor fuerza la esfera de derechos y libertades, en sus diversas manifestaciones. El derecho a la intimidad es, probablemente, uno de los más afectados, exige por ello su permanente revisión a la luz de la ciencia jurídica.
Redes sociales
Authors: Rudas Murga Cyntia
Published: April 2021

Las redes sociales son estructuras formadas en Internet por personas u organizaciones que se conectan a partir de valores o intereses comunes que se han convertido en un excelente medio de comunicación ubicuo y versátil legible para cualquier persona. Las redes sociales utilizan la inteligencia artificial en el derecho al honor desde una perspectiva proteccionista limitando a la mala libertad de expresión a fin de garantizar el honor de las personas ante el anonimato en la red. Así, para tutelar el honor de las personas, los dueños de las principales redes sociales han recurrido a la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) para impedir que los usuarios propalen contenido nocivo para la sociedad y descartar el uso de calificativos peyorativos porque el sistema está programado para detectarlo automáticamente.
Evaluation of DNA damage in tobacco associated human buccal cells using comet assay
Authors: Mohanapriya Shanmugam , Maheswaran Thangadurai , Ganapathy Nalliapan , Yoithappr Thukanayakanpalayam Ragunathan , Dineshshankar Janardhanam , Ilayaraja Vadivel , Vinodhini Rachel Sarah , Devi Renuka
Published: April 2021

Aim and objective. To assess the DNA damage in tobacco associated human buccal cells using comet assay.

Methods. The study included 75 study subjects, which were divided into 3 groups on the basis of tobacco usage. Group I - 25 individuals with no history of tobacco usage, Group II - 25 individuals with tobacco usage but without oral lesions and Group III - 25 individuals with tobacco associated oral lesions. Cytological smears collected from these individuals were used to assess the tobacco associated DNA damage by measuring the tail length in the comet assay method.

Results. The average tail length was found to be 1.46 µm in the normal mucosa, 2.86 µm in tobacco users without oral lesions, 3.86 µm in the lesional sites of tobacco users and 3.67 µm in the non-lesional sites of these individuals. Factors like age, gender, duration and different forms of tobacco habit had their own impact on the oral mucosa.

Conclusion. Comet assay helps assess the subclinical genetic changes of oral mucosa even before the clinical manifestations of the precancerous lesions appeared due to tobacco usage. Thus, comet assay may bloom out as a novel adjuvant tool for the prevention of oral cancer in the near future.
АSPECTS OF THE SUBJECT COMPOSITION OF THE INSTITUTE OF CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY IN A JOINT-STOCK COMPANY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Prokopiuk A.S.
Published: April 2021

For a proper understanding of the institution of legal responsibility in corporate relations, it is necessary to clearly define the range of subjects of corporate relations, which, in turn, is determined by the types of corporate relations in which these entities participate. It is the nature of corporate relations that determines the peculiarities of the responsibility of management bodies and persons who manage a joint-stock company. Corporate relations in a joint-stock company arise in connection with the creation, operation and termination of a joint-stock company as a legal entity, an independent legal entity endowed with separate property, which has its own internal organizational structure and acts in economic turnover on its own behalf obligations to creditors. The emergence of a joint stock company as a legal entity, with its members, founders, property owner, members of management bodies, creditors, as well as other stakeholders (stakeholders), causes a particularly complex structure of corporate relations, which can be distinguished not only internal management relations legal entity, but also external relations that ensure the participation of legal entities in economic turnover, as well as organizational and property relations between members of business associations, groups, associated and related companies. Corporate responsibility is one of the most important factors that ensure the stability of corporate relations. This determines the scientific interest in corporate responsibility throughout the history of corporate law, due to the development of organizational and legal forms of economic activity based on corporate relations. A systematic analysis of the current legislation allows to determine the range of subjects of corporate responsibility.