bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study in Agaricus subgenus Minores and allied clades reveals a new American subgenus and contrasting phylogenetic patterns in Europe and Greater Mekong Subregion
Authors: Chen J. , Callac P. , Parra L.A. , Karunarathna S.C. , He M.-Q. , Moinard M. , De kesel A. , Raspé O. , Wisitrassameewong K. , Hyde K.D. , Zhao R.-L.
Published: April 2017

Within Agaricus subg. Minores, A. sect. Minores remains a little-studied section due generally to its delicate sporocarps often lacking taxonomically relevant morphological characters. To reconstruct the section, using the recent taxonomic system based on
divergence times, and to evaluate the species diversity of A. sect. Minores in the Greater Mekong Subregion, 165 specimens were incorporated in phylogenetic analyses. A dated tree based on nuclear ITS, LSU and tef1-α sequence data allowed us to better circumscribe
A. subg. Minores and to propose a new subgenus, A. subg. Minoriopsis, which is only known from tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. A larger tree based on ITS sequences indicated that, with 81 phylogenetic species, the reconstructed section Minores
is now one of the largest sections in the genus. Within A. subg. Minores, a new section, A. sect. Leucocarpi, and eleven new species are described from the Greater Mekong Subregion. Thirty-eight species of A. sect. Minores from this region of Asia
were distributed in multiple clades that successively diverged over the past 24 million years. In contrast, species reported from Europe mostly grouped in a single non-tropical clade, suggesting a major species diversification following the middle Miocene climatic optimum.
Multidimensional Assessment Of Institutionalized Elderly: The Reality Of A Brazilian Institution
Authors: De Lima Neto Alcides Viana , De Azevedo Lívia Maria , Mesquita Gabriella Xavier Barbalho , Andrade de Oliveira Kamilla Sthefany , Nunes Vilani Medeiros de Araújo , Braga Coutinho Cunha Isabelle Cristina , Pimenta Isac Davidson Santiago Fernandes , Araújo Isabela Dantas Torres de , Lima Jonia Cybele Santos , Soares Angela Maria de Medeiros , Assis Amanda Sarmento Silva Alves de , Barbosa Maria Helena Pires Araújo , Mata Ádala Nayana de Sousa , Dias Jaciana Medeiros da Costa , Cruz Anna Carolina Soares de Souza , Sousa Ana Carolina Patrício de Albuquerque , Piuvezam Grasiela , Sampaio Ana Tania Lopes , Neves Naedja Nara de Araújo , Dos Santos Renata Clemente
Published: May 2017

Background: The population aging in Brazil is characterized by the accumulation of progressive disabilities in their functional activities and daily life. To consider the elderlies in his/her multiple dimensions turns out to be a critical issue to improve their assistance to an institutionalized level, improving their health and quality of life. To perform a mini-overall evaluation of institutionalized elderly person to trace their profile in relation to the socio-demographic, functional capacity, nutritional status and cognition.

Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional study of quantitative approach conducted in facilities for the aged people in Natal, RN.

Results: 63.3% of the elderly were female, with ages varying from 61 to 103 years. 60.0% were single; 56.7% were literate. 66.7% had no children and 55% lived with their families before the institutionalization. As for the institutionalization time, 63.3% resided in the institution for four years. As what concerns the aspects of health, 73.3 of the elderly presented hearing difficulties, 90% make use of medicines predominantly to diabetes and hypertension. There is clear evidence that the institutionalization has been harmful to the elderly as with regards basic activities of daily living, nutritional status and cognitive aspects.

Conclusion: the progressive disability in functional activities of daily life interferes directly in the quality of life, increasing dependency and minimizing the autonomy of these individuals. It is necessary to effective implementation of public policies directed to the institutionalized elderly from the perspective of effective actions for improved attention and assistance.

Descriptors: Aged, Institutionalization, Aging, Facilities for the Aged.
Prologue: 2016 Annual Meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA)
Authors: Helliwell Philip S. , Gladman Dafna D. , Gottlieb Alice B.
Published: May 2017

The 2016 annual meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) was held in Miami, Florida, USA, and attended by rheumatologists, dermatologists, and representatives of biopharmaceutical companies and patient groups. As in previous years, GRAPPA members held a symposium for trainees to discuss their research in psoriatic disease with experts in the field. A strategic planning session was convened by the Steering Committee this year to review the work of GRAPPA since its inception in 2003. Other subjects featured during the annual meeting included a partnership with KPMG LLP (UK) to conduct interviews at research centers worldwide to analyze the process of care in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA); a discussion of the effects of interleukin 17–related pathways on the skin and joints in psoriasis and PsA; summaries of recently published treatment recommendations and related guides; 4 separate discussions of psoriasis patient examinations; updates from working groups in the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology and the International Dermatology Outcome Measures; a discussion of patient centricity from GRAPPA’s patient research partners; and an update of research and educational projects from GRAPPA. In this prologue, we introduce the papers that summarize that meeting.
GRAPPA 2016 Project Report
Authors: Helliwell Philip S. , FitzGerald Oliver , Coates Laura C. , Callis Duffin Kristina , Mease Philip J.
Published: May 2017

At the 2016 annual meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA), members received updates on several ongoing research and educational efforts. Among them were updates on the FLARE instrument, the Biomarker Project, GRAPPA’s logo and Website, continuing progress on the video training project, and numerous educational project efforts in 2016.
C’est l’heure du petit-déjeuner ? Rythme des repas, incorporation et classe sociale
Authors: Le Pape Marie-Clémence , Plessz Marie
Published: April 2017

Le rythme alimentaire très structuré des Français a été amplement commenté, mais comment s’acquiert-il, comment se transmet-il ? L’article analyse le rythme des repas comme une technique du corps. Il s’appuie sur une enquête qualitative sur le petit-déjeuner dans les familles des couches supérieures des classes populaires ainsi que sur l’exploitation de l’enquête statistique INCA 2 (2006). Les parents enquêtés déploient d’importants efforts pour faire manger leurs enfants tous les matins dans un cadre familial. Toutefois ne pas prendre de petit-déjeuner renvoie à un rythme alimentaire alternatif, que les adultes de classes populaires ont adopté plus souvent que les membres des classes moyennes et supérieures. Nous montrons qu’inculquer le rythme alimentaire légitime est source de respectabilité pour les parents, confirmant leur statut social modeste mais intégré ; mais que ne pas déjeuner le matin peut être vu comme une technique du corps objectivement adaptée aux conditions d’existence des classes populaires. Certains enquêtés, sur des trajectoires sociales ascendantes, modifient leurs habitudes matinales, conduisant à analyser la plasticité des techniques du corps et le « travail de soi sur soi » en lien avec les petites mobilités sociales dans les classes populaires.
Notes sur le(s) processus à l’œuvre dans le traitement psychanalytique d’un enfant post-autiste
Authors: Tancray Jérémy
Published: April 2017

Cet article approfondit l’utilité de distinguer cliniquement l’expérience autistique proprement dite de celle du post-autisme, et revisite le traitement d’un enfant qui, bien que dégagé de son retrait, continue à être considéré comme « autiste » par son environnement. L’auteur s’interroge sur la singularité des retrouvailles pulsionnelles avec l’objet dans le post-autisme et sur la transformation de vécus agonistiques précoces au fil d’un processus thérapeutique.
Pouvoirs et pratiques de l’expulsion des étrangers en Algérie au XIX e siècle : un outil colonial de gestion des flux migratoires
Authors: Vermeren Hugo
Published: April 2017

Cet article revient sur l’élaboration du pouvoir d’expulsion du gouvernement général de l’Algérie, le flou juridique qui l’entoure et les cadres de son application au XIX e  siècle. Mesure expéditive et discrétionnaire, l’expulsion constitue, comme en métropole, un outil de régulation des flux migratoires mais ne vise pas tout à fait les mêmes catégories sociales et juridiques. Prévu à l’origine pour éloigner les individus jugés dangereux pour la sécurité de la colonie, les décisions d’expulsion visent un panel d’immigrants étrangers mais aussi métropolitains toujours plus large à mesure que se durcissent les conditions d’entrée et de séjour et que se politisent les conflits du travail. Les sources consultées en France, en Italie et en Algérie permettent de confronter les regards sur cette pratique qui contribue à fragiliser le statut des étrangers à la fin des années 1890, alors même que la crise économique et politique algérienne atteint son apogée.
L’immigration algérienne post-indépendance : l’enracinement à l’épreuve de l’exclusion
Authors: Cohen Muriel
Published: April 2017

Cet article, appuyé sur notre thèse de doctorat, propose de renouveler l’histoire de l’immigration algérienne post-indépendance en se penchant sur les parcours collectifs et les expériences des migrants, plutôt que sur le point de vue des institutions d’encadrement. À travers l’analyse de trajectoires professionnelles, familiales ou encore résidentielles, il s’agit ainsi d’évaluer l’intégration sociale et économique de cette population qui a fait l’objet d’un traitement politique et social spécifique en raison de son passé colonial. Il en ressort que deux formes de migrations algériennes ont toujours coexisté : des migrations temporaires et des migrations durables. Les difficultés d’accès au logement ont fortement limité l’installation des familles en France, mais celles qui sont parvenues à s’installer entre les années 1950 et 1970 ont malgré tout connu une amélioration globale de leur situation. Leur enracinement, en particulier à l’échelle locale, explique l’échec des tentatives d’expulsion de la fin des années 1970. C’est cependant la crise économique de la fin des années 1970 qui remet véritablement en cause leur intégration économique et sociale.
2. Les politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté
Authors: Duvoux Nicolas
Published: April 2017

La pauvreté en France est à la fois une condition sociale et une catégorie d’action publique. Sous cette dernière modalité, la lutte contre la pauvreté est de plus en plus liée au retour à l’emploi et, plus largement, interdépendante de la régulation des segments inférieurs du marché du travail. Cet article s’intéresse successivement à la réalité de la pauvreté en France ; aux politiques qui luttent contre celle-ci et à leurs limites et enfin aux relations, de plus en plus étroites entre lutte contre la pauvreté et mise en relation des allocataires de l’assistance avec le marché du travail.
5. La France est-elle condamnée au déséquilibre de ses institutions ?
Authors: Roussellier Nicolas
Published: April 2017

L’histoire constitutionnelle française a longtemps été marquée par l’instabilité des régimes. La tradition de gauche notamment n’a jamais adhéré de manière consensuelle à une forme définitive de Constitution. La Cinquième République a pu apparaître un moment comme capable de créer un certain consensus. Mais l’évolution des quinze dernières années marque le retour des critiques et des doutes. La question est de savoir si le débat constitutionnel doit se limiter à un cadre franco-français ou intégrer aussi la question d’une nouvelle Constitution pour l’Union européenne.
8. Quelle appropriation du thème de la diversité dans le champ politique ?
Authors: Masclet Olivier
Published: April 2017

L’article interroge les conditions de l’inclusion dans le champ politique des candidats dits de « la diversité » à partir des quelques enquêtes disponibles datant d’avant la présidentielle de 2012. Si la représentation des candidats noirs ou arabes est un objectif qu’affichent aujourd’hui les partis politiques, l’observation des faits montre sa faible concrétisation dans les réalités électorales. L’ethnicité des candidats est manipulée pour capter les voix alors même que ces derniers voudraient qu’on les considère comme des candidats ordinaires.
9. Le développement de l’idéologie sécuritaire et ses conséquences en France des années 1970 à nos jours
Authors: Mucchielli Laurent
Published: April 2017

Au cours des quatre dernières décennies, un discours prônant une politique sécuritaire répressive s’est progressivement installé dans l’espace public français pour en devenir une modalité dominante. S’appuyant tout particulièrement sur la montée d’une « insécurité » essentiellement construite autour du problème des « banlieues », ce discours a eu des effets certains aussi bien dans la législation que dans les pratiques judiciaires, faisant exploser la population carcérale et conduisant au développement sans précédent de la vidéosurveillance urbaine.
10. Délinquance juvénile : être délinquant et en sortir
Authors: Truong Fabien
Published: April 2017

Le « jeune délinquant de banlieue » est devenu un topos médiatique. Deux caractéristiques lui sont couramment associées : une opposition à l’institution scolaire et une incapacité à sortir de sa condition. En se fondant sur des travaux d’enquête sociologique, cet article montre que lorsqu’une opposition frontale à l’école existe, ce qui n’est pas toujours le cas, elle est davantage causée par une situation non désirée de dominer dans l’espace scolaire que par un rejet des buts et valeurs portés par cette institution. Il invite également à étudier la trajectoire des jeunes pratiquant une activité délinquante, en montrant que la sortie de la carrière de délinquant est l’issue la plus probable, et en interrogeant les facteurs qui la favorisent.
11. Aux origines de l’État islamique : entre idéal, nostalgie et violence armée
Authors: Benraad Myriam
Published: April 2017

L’État islamique se revendique d’une institution, le califat, dont l’histoire commence avec celle de l’islam et se termine en 1924, avec la fin du califat ottoman. Le jihadisme se nourrit de cet idéal d’unité perdue, qui demeure un puissant ressort de mobilisation. Les jihadistes construisent à partir de cette nostalgie d’un ordre parfait une alternative politique à la démocratie occidentale. Cette entreprise utopique repose néanmoins sur une subversion de l’histoire du califat et de l’islam, qu’il s’agit de déconstruire.
Using Structured-Option Test Questions to Assess Competency Attainment: Part I
Authors: Billings Diane M.
Published: May 2017

Nursing is a practice profession, and nurse educators have the responsibility to ensure learner attainment of competency at all levels of nursing education. This two-part article provides basic information about designing structured-option test questions to assess and evaluate competency attainment. Part one discusses the uses, advantages, and limits of using structured-option test questions and explains how to develop a structured-option test question. Part two provides information about developing a test blueprint, administering the test, interpreting test results, and revising the test questions.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2017;48(5):207–208.
Using Training Needs Assessment to Develop a Nurse Preceptor–Centered Training Program
Authors: Lee Ya-Wen , Lin Hui-Ling , Tseng Hui-Ling , Tsai Yu-Mei , Lee-Hsieh Jane
Published: May 2017

Background:

Studies reveal that most nurse preceptor preparation programs do not meet nurse preceptors' training needs. This study thus developed a nurse preceptor–centered training program (NPCTP) in Taiwan.

Method:

The ADDIE model was used for the instructional design. On the basis of the nurse preceptors' training needs assessment, the research team developed the NPCTP. Content was adopted from the authentic experiences of preceptors and new graduate nurses (NGNs) using interview data to make 81 videos with computer avatars and 10 live actor films. Each course was taught as nine instructional events. The NPCTP was evaluated using reflection quizzes, preceptors' self-evaluations, NGNs' evaluations, and focus group interviews.

Results:

The NPCTP enhanced preceptors' clinical teaching behaviors and had a positive influence on NGNs. The NGN evaluation was even better than the preceptors' self-evaluation.

Conclusion:

This article provides the what and how for an NPCTP in Taiwan.

J Contin Nurs Educ.
2017;48(5):220–229.
Assessment of Delirium in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Educational Strategies
Authors: Smith Judith M. , Van Aman M. Nancy , Schneiderhahn Mary Elizabeth , Edelman Robin , Ercole Patrick M.
Published: May 2017

Background:

Delirium is an acute brain dysfunction associated with poor outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Critical care nurses play an important role in the prevention, detection, and management of delirium, but they must be able to accurately assess for it. The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) instrument is a reliable and valid method to assess for delirium, but research reveals most nurses need practice to use it proficiently.

Method:

A pretest–posttest design was used to evaluate the success of a multimodal educational strategy (i.e., online learning module coupled with standardized patient simulation experience) on critical care nurses' knowledge and confidence to assess and manage delirium using the CAM-ICU.

Results:

Participants (
N
= 34) showed a significant increase (
p
< .001) in confidence in their ability to assess and manage delirium following the multimodal education. No statistical change in knowledge of delirium existed following the education.

Conclusion:

A multimodal educational strategy, which included simulation, significantly added confidence in critical care nurses' performance using the CAM-ICU.

J Contin Nurs Educ.
2017;48(5):239–244.
Mindfulness, Quality of Life, and Severity of Depressive Symptoms Among Patients With Schizophrenia and Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Rayan Ahmad Hussien Rateb
Published: May 2017

The current study used a descriptive correlational design to examine the relationship between mindfulness and quality of life (QOL) among patients with schizophrenia (
n
= 160) and patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (
n
= 161), controlling for demographic and clinical variables. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires regarding demographic variables, severity of depression, QOL, and mindfulness. Patients diagnosed with MDD had higher mindfulness scores than patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Mindfulness scores were significantly associated with the severity of depression among participants. After controlling for the demographic variables and severity of depressive symptoms, mindfulness had a unique variance in QOL among patients with schizophrenia, but not among patients with MDD. The current study provides preliminary evidence regarding the role of mindfulness in improving depressive symptoms and the overall QOL among patients diagnosed with mental illness. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55
(5), 40–50.]
Incidental finding - the discovery of a bronchopulmonary foregut malformation through investigations for Crohn's disease
Authors: Mahmood Humza , Plumb Andrew , Vega Roser , Windsor Alastair
Published: April 2017

Pulmonary sequestration (PMS) is a rare bronchopulmonary malformation. It has an incidence of between 0.15% to 1.7%. Likewise, cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is another relatively rare category of a bronchopulmonary malformation with a reported incidence of between 1 in 25,000 to 1 in 35,000. Moreover, a bronchopulmonary malformation with features allied to both of these forms is considered an even rarer entity. In general, bronchopulmonary malformations present with a range of non-specific symptoms. Radiological features can be non-specific yet distinctive when related to clinical features. Ultimately, definitive diagnosis depends upon histological assessment of lung tissue. We present an adult female with radiological features of both pulmonary sequestration and cystic adenomatoid malformation. This was an incidental finding unrelated to the patients presenting complaint. This case highlights the importance of using a structured and systematic approach when interpreting medical imagery.
Factors Affecting Resilience and Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Critical Care Nurses
Authors: Mealer Meredith , Jones Jacqueline , Meek Paula
Published: May 2017

Background

Job stress and cumulative exposure to traumatic events experienced by critical care nurses can lead to psychological distress and the development of burnout syndrome and posttraumatic stress disorder. Resilience can mitigate symptoms associated with these conditions.

Objective

To identify factors that affect resilience and to determine if the factors have direct or indirect effects on resilience in development of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Methods

Data from 744 respondents to a survey mailed to 3500 critical care nurses who were members of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses were analyzed. Mplus was used to analyze a mediation model.

Results

Nurses who worked in any type of intensive care unit other than the medical unit and had high scores for resilience were 18% to 50% less likely to experience post-traumatic stress disorder than were nurses with low scores. Nurses with a graduate degree in nursing were 18% more likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorder than were nurses with a bachelor’s degree.

Conclusion

Because of their effects on resilience, working in a medical intensive care unit and having a graduate degree may influence the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Future research is needed to better understand the impact of resilience on health care organizations, development of preventive therapies and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder for critical care nurses, and the most appropriate mechanism to disseminate and implement strategies to address posttraumatic stress disorder.
AKT2 Regulates Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis via Modulating Macrophage Activation
Authors: Nie Yunjuan , Sun Lei , Wu Yaxian , Yang Yaoyao , Wang Jun , He Huiqiong , Hu Yudong , Chang Yanhua , Liang Qing , Zhu Jianwei , Ye Richard D. , Christman John W. , Qian Feng
Published: April 2017

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a highly lethal pathological process that is characterized by inflammation, fibroblast accumulation, and excessive collagen deposition. Although AKT2-mediated signaling pathways modulate inflammatory responses, their role in IPF has not been defined. We report that AKT2 deficiency (Akt2−/−) protected against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation. Adoptive transfer of wild-type macrophages or administration of IL-13 to Akt2−/− mice could restore pulmonary fibrosis. In response to IL-33 treatment, Akt2−/− macrophages displayed decreased production of IL-13 and TGF-β1 and attenuated phosphorylation of FoxO3a compared with Akt2+/+ macrophages. Furthermore, the expression of IL-13 was increased by small interfering RNA knockdown of FoxO3a or in FoxO3a-deficient macrophages. By evaluating lung sections from pulmonary fibrosis patients, we found that the phosphorylation of AKT2 and FoxO3a was remarkably upregulated. Collectively, these results indicate that AKT2 modulates pulmonary fibrosis through inducing TGF-β1 and IL-13 production by macrophages, and inhibition of AKT2 may be a potential strategy for treating IPF.
INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF SPATIAL PATTERNS IN TABRIZ PARKS USING LANDSCAPE METRICS
Authors: Toutakhane Ali Majnouni , Mofareh Mojtaba
Published: May 2017

Nowadays, the green spaces in cities and especially metropolises have adopted a variety of functions. In addition to improving the environmental conditions, they are suitable places for spending free times and mitigating nervous pressures of the machinery life based on their distribution and dispersion in the cities. In this research, in order to study the spatial distribution and composition of the parks and green spaces in Tabriz metropolis, the map of Parks prepared using the digital atlas of Tabriz parks and Arc Map and IDRISI softwares. Then, quantitative information of spatial patterns of Tabriz parks provided using Fragstats software and a selection of landscape metrics including: the area of class, patch density, percentage of landscape, average patch size, average patch area, largest patch index, landscape shape index, average Euclidean distance of the nearest neighborhood and average index of patch shape. Then the spatial distribution, composition, extent and continuity of the parks was evaluated. Overall, only 8.5 percent of the landscape is assigned to the parks, and they are studied in three classes of neighborhood, district and regional parks. Neighborhood parks and green spaces have a better spatial distribution pattern compared to the other classes and the studied metrics showed better results for this class. In contrast, the quantitative results of the metrics calculated for regional parks, showed the most unfavorable spatial status for this class of parks among the three classes studied in Tabriz city.
WATER SUPPLY RESERVOIR OPERATION IN RELATION TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY: PIRAPAMA RIVER BASIN (PERNAMBUCO-BRAZIL)
Authors: Bacalhau José Ráurium , Ribeiro Neto Alfredo , Montenegro Suzana Maria Gico Lima
Published: May 2017

The vulnearability of water resources systems is highly influenced by the climate variability of the region. The effects are amplified when the region has high population density and important economic activities such as the Recife Metropolitan Region (RMR), whose population is 3.8 million inhabitants, corresponding to 51% of the urban population in Pernambuco State. The Pirapama reservoir was designed to produce 5.6 m3/s, which corresponds to 37% of the total water demand of the RMR. The objective of the paper is to define strategies for the Pirapama reservoir operation by using guide curves and taking into account the climate variability, particularly drought events, to minimize or even avoid the conditions of rationing and collapse of its storage. The rainfall-runoff model SMAP was used to simulate input streamflow in the period 1933-2014 and the water allocation model Acquanet was used to simulate the operation rules proposed. The guide curves were defined based on the Standard Runoff Index, which classify the input inflow in drought categories. For each drought category, a response goal was defined for withdrawal reduction. This strategy may be an efficient tool to deal with the climate variability present in Northeast Brazil, which can be amplified with the effects of the climate change. In this sense, the development of sustainable operation rules can be considered an adaptation measure for reducing the impacts of possible climate changes in the future.
Our commitment to implement contents related to public space included in the New Urban Agenda adopted at the UN Habitat III conference
Authors: Bravo Luisa , Guaralda Mirko
Published: May 2017

On the 20th October 2016, at the United Nations Habitat III conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development, held in Quito, Ecuador, the New Urban Agenda (NUA) was adopted, providing a 20-year framework on how cities should be planned and managed to best promote sustainable urbanization globally. The document, as reported by Dr. Joan Clos, Secretary-General of the conference and Executive Director of the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), should be seen as an extension of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, agreed by 193 Member States of the United Nations in September 2015.
After the first conference in Vancouver (1976) and the second in Istanbul (1996), the third Habitat major summit to discuss the future of cities was attended by around 36.000 people from 167 different countries.
We officially launched The Journal of Public Space at the Habitat III Urban Library on the 19th October 2016, during a talk with our partners from UN Habitat Public Space Programme, Laura Petrella and Cecilia Andersson, and with our supporting partner at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hendrik Tieben. The talk was very well received and was attended by more than 90 people. Interest in our new journal was high, many attendees have voiced the need of an independent, free and accessible platform to share ideas, researches, experiences and strategies to design, manage and appropriate public spaces.
Public space, as a topic of research, still fascinates and challenges several academics, but often bottom-up tactics by community groups are the most incredible example of how people are always passionate about their cities and their environment. What was evident in Quito, is how academia, industry and community groups would highly benefit in working together and discussing together about public spaces.
Navigating the liminal space between childhood and manhood in the Caribbean. How are cultural spaces and physical places divided between the sexes?
Authors: Plummer David , Geofroy Stephen , Alvarez Alonso
Published: May 2017

Space is gendered. Private domestic space is classically considered to be a woman’s domain while public space is masculine. Of course, men are found in private spaces and women in public, but ownership is a reference to those who typically exercise day-to-day control of that space. It should be remembered, however, that women frequently act as proxies for men in private spaces too; in much of the world, domestic space is inherited by men who are traditionally considered heads-of-the-household. To complicate matters, masculinity comes in many forms and to reconcile these wide variations with narrow, widely-held stereotypes, Connell introduced the term hegemonic masculinity. We take this term as referring to idealised cultural stereotypes related to orthodox masculinity, which provide virtual benchmarks for manhood but which exist nowhere in their absolute form. Nevertheless, these stereotypes serve to map out male domains and they can hence also serve to exclude women, thus making space gendered. We further argue that a potent means of mapping gender domains is through taboos: these taboos designate physical places and cultural spaces that men should not be associated with and doing so can pose grave risks to a reputation and sometimes result in violent retribution. We explore how masculine obligations and taboos construct boundaries between both male and female domains (intergender divides) and create distance between the domains of ‘real’ men and males who fail to measure up (intragender divides). In particular, we will focus on how the passage to manhood is both deeply affected by, and translates into the everyday character, praxis and ownership of public space with particular reference to manhood in the Caribbean.
Calatrava in Athens. The architect as financier and the iconic city
Authors: Brott Simone
Published: May 2017

Today, iconic architecture is the dominant mode of contemporary public life, but the wishes of the European city and role of public space are based on financial emergencies—even if the term ‘financial’ is screened out by the mesmeric distraction of such spectral, prodigal buildings. While iconic architecture parades as visual stunt—an “avant garde” project of the digital image that violently pushes physics and engineering to its limits—such projects are only made possible by giant debt arrangements; and, as I will argue, their primary agenda is to solve serious financial problems. Yet, not only do these projects often fail to generate the future income (fictitious capital) promised and thus leave the town with an impossible 30-year mortgage that might never be repaid, iconic developments also have the power to contribute to distortions of capital (economic crises) beyond the project and the city itself. This essay will examine the Olympic development and iconic objects designed by Santiago Calatrava for the Athens Summer Games in 2004, and the dual Olympic-budget crisis and national crisis that converged on Calatrava’s project. After the games, the Greek Olympic development attracted considerable financial critique from outside the architectural discipline: economists debated how the Olympic development was implicated in the Greek crisis, and a parallel Left protest-movement against Calatrava, the public figure, for financial corruption through iconic projects gained traction. Regardless of the veracity of these arraignments; in Greece, I propose the Olympic development became a visual cipher for the ongoing Greek crisis. Calatrava’s project illustrates the ways in which National crises in Europe today are played out via architectural icons, and the transformation of public space into both a financial medium and narrator of financial crisis.
Measure and proportion as keyword for qualitative town squares
Authors: De Lotto Roberto , Sturla Susanna
Published: May 2017

The authors of this paper refer specifically to public space as that of the town square.
According to Italian tradition town squares have been clearly recognised since the Renaissance period.
There are several studies about meaning, perception, and the shape of public spaces such as squares but there is no research about their actual measures, proportions, and about the presence of some recurrent numbers.
This study develop a thematic synthesis about meaning, definitions and proportions before seeking similarity about spatial dimension using simple statistical instruments.
The study comes from a pedagogical exercise, undertaken in the last three years in the Course of Urban Design at University of Pavia, where students developed 80 data sheets based on free web information measures of Italian and European squares.
Stand up for Public Space! A networking event at the Habitat III conference and a global online campaign
Authors: Bravo Luisa , Guaralda Mirko , Tieben Hendrik , Saltos Espinoza Luis Alfonso , Manfredini Manfredo
Published: May 2017

At Habitat III, the United Nations conference on Housing and Sustainable Development, held in Quito, Ecuador (17-20th October, 2016), we launched the global online campaign 'Stand up for Public Space!' - www.standupforpublicspace.org - which is a research project promoted by City Space Architecture in collaboration with the Queensland University of Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, LASE+CityUrb Ecuador and the University of Auckland (QUT Ethics Approval Number 1600000966). The purpose of this project is to foster a discussion on public space as a common good, through the collection of experiences, stories, habits and activities, documenting public space and its users from different geographical contexts. Participation will involve people taking a picture of their favourite public space and sharing it through their own Twitter or Instagram profiles. The project asks people to include also a short description of the picture, in order to know where the selected public space is located, what it means to them and why they would like to share it with a broader public. All entries are to be submitted using the following hashtags:

#standupforpublicspace     and/or     #myfavouritepublicspace

This project intends to provide a good insight of what a public space is for people in different countries and different continents. Data from the research will inform the development of a new taxonomy of public spaces and their uses, which might be useful to inform future planning documents and policies.
Developing Civil Servants’ Commitment to Share Knowledge and Implement Cost Reduction Policy: The Perspective of Malaysian Public Sector
Authors: Selamat Mohamad Hisyam , Abdul Halim Haliza Mazlin , Kok Soon Foo
Published: May 2017

The present study is designed to propose values for developing civil servants’ commitment to share ideas on how to reduce public organization cost and in turn commitment to implement cost reduction policy in the workplace. If civil servants feel that they have a moral obligation in paying back the country through remain with the employing public agencies they become receptive towards cost reduction policy. To instil this moral obligation this study proposes the elements of means, attitude towards leaders and attitude towards government. The researchers have applied cross-sectional survey research to validate the framework. It is found that attitude towards government influenced the development of civil servants’ commitment to share knowledge in the workplace significantly. On the other hand, means and attitude towards government influenced the development of civil servants’ commitment to implement cost reduction policy in the workplace significantly. The practical implications are the discovery of theoretical, personal, and workplace practical best practices for the establishment of strategies to establish knowledge sharing commitment and cost reduction commitment amongst civil servants in the public organizations.
Evaluation of Extension of Blood Vessels during Static Stretching Using Ultrasound 2D Speckle Tracking Imaging
Authors: Shinno Hiromi , Kurose Satoshi , Yamanaka Yutaka , Fukushima Yaeko , Tsutsumi Hiromi , Miyasaka Yoko , Kimura Yutaka
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND: During static stretching, a muscle extends longitudinally, and blood vessels seem to extend simultaneously. However, it is difficult to visualize, and few findings have seen. The recent progress with ultrasonography enables measurements of movement in vivo using 2D speckle tracking imaging, as well as detailed evaluation of extension in tissues at the same site. The aim of this study is to evaluate longitudinal extension of blood vessels during static stretching using this methodology.METHODS: Participants were 10 healthy female volunteers (age of 39.4±11.6). They extended their right wrist with elbow extended. Then the ulnar artery was measured by using 2D speckle tracking imaging with a general-purpose ultrasound instrument. Tissue extension per unit time at the stretching site was calculated from before stretching to maximum of stretching. Simultaneous changes in the caliber of blood vessels during stretching were measured using ultrasound M-mode.RESULTS: The maximum angle of wrist extension was 0 to 83.6±12.5°. The muscle extended by 3.80±1.65% per unit time during stretching, and blood vessels simultaneously extended by 3.20±1.96%. These changes were significant compared to measurements before stretching (p<0.01) and shows the correlation between muscles and blood vessels (r=0.56, p=0.1). The calibers of blood vessels per unit time before and during stretching were 2.24±0.27 and 1.64±0.53 mm with a significant decrease during stretching (p<0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Imaging of static stretching showed extension of both the muscle/skeletal system and blood vessels longitudinally. The finding suggests that endothelial function might be activated by mechanical stress on vascular endothelial cells.
A Preliminary Study on Indoor Air Quality for the Development of Risk Assessment Methods for Central Nervous System Disturbances
Authors: Lee Cheol Min , Lee Jeong Il
Published: April 2017

The present study aimed to identify the air pollutants associated with central nervous system (CNS) disturbances through a survey of indoor air pollutants and manifestation of CNS diseases, and to establish a risk assessment method and risk management measures for CNS disturbances caused by these pollutants. A patient cohort consisting of patients suffering from CNS diseases was selected and a health risk assessment was performed for fine dust (PM2.5) and 17 heavy metals/ other elements in the indoor air of the residences of survey subjects. The study results showed statistically significant differences in fine dust concentrations according to the region in which the surveys were conducted.
Ontstaan en ontwikkeling van de reclassering in vogelvlucht: 1823-heden
Authors: van der Linde Maarten
Published: April 2017

A Short History of Probation in the Netherlands: 1823-today

In the last decade history of social work gained a growing interest among social professionals, teachers, students and policy makers. They want to know more about the contributions the social work professions made to social welfare, community building and public safety. A website was launched, which today in 2017 presents the history of fifteen fields of social work: www.canonsociaalwerk.eu/.

Part of this is the history of Probation. In this article this history is told, following highlights as the inspiration from Great Britain, the start in 1823 and the first decades of volunteer work. Probation tried to compensate the negative effects of solitary confinement. Since the early twentieth century the role of the state was growing (Probationcharter 1910) leading to 100% financial support in 1965 and 100% control in the 1980s. The probation service was integrated in the juridicial system, but became not an stateservice. Performance was delegated to relative independant institutions, heirs of the private probation associations of the past, with strong traditions of work ethic. This history of probation shows the influence of social casework methods since the 1950s, the search for a balance between dependance and independance from the state, and the balance between punishment and resocializing. Since the 1990s the role of probation in alternative sanctions, the contribution of volunteer work to a highly professionalized probation service and the What Works-debate brought innovation and new inspiration to the field of probation service.
Ruim baan voor het reclasseringswerk: doen wat nodig is
Authors: Bosker Jacqueline , Lünnemann Katinka
Published: April 2017

Make room for probation: do what is necessary

Since 2016 advices the probation service delivers to the public prosecution office or prison service are no longer financed by counting the number of advices produced, but by a lump sum budget. That should give probation officers the much needed room to do what is necessary in an individual case, instead of following strict protocols. This article describes the changes in the work of probation officers and their co-operation with public prosecutors, as a result of this change. Findings are based on ongoing research, and describe the practice at the end of 2016.
Assessment of HAA9 Occurrence and THM, HAA Speciation in the United States
Authors: Samson Carleigh C. , Seidel Chad J. , Summers R. Scott , Bartrand Timothy
Published: May 2017

Both chlorinated and brominated trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are regulated under the US Environmental Protection Agency's Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (DBPR). All four chlorinated and brominated THMs are regulated as total THMs (TTHM) and of the nine HAAs, the sum of five HAAs (HAA5) are regulated; the four unregulated HAAs are all brominated species. The objective of this study was to assess national occurrence of all nine HAAs (HAA9) and disinfection byproduct (DBP) speciation. Modeling techniques are applied and validated to estimate HAA9 concentrations using TTHM and HAA5 species, as HAA9 data are limited. DBP speciation is assessed using bromine incorporation factors (BIFs). While national HAA9 occurrence, assessed using modeled HAA9 concentrations, decreased from 2005 through 2014, it increased in the two years after the Stage 2 DBPR implementation (when different sampling locations were used) compared with the two years prior. BIF values increased from 2005 through 2014, and spatial analysis showed higher BIF values in Southern California and Texas.
Adjusted Fluoride Concentrations and Control Ranges in 34 States: 2006–2010 and 2015
Authors: Barker Laurie K. , Duchon Kip K. , Lesaja Srdjan , Robison Valerie A. , Presson Scott M.
Published: May 2017

To inform selection of a control range around the Public Health Service's recommended 0.7 mg/L drinking water fluoride concentration to prevent tooth decay, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Water Fluoridation Reporting System data for 2006–2010 and 2015 were analyzed. Monthly average concentration data from 4,251 fluoride‐adjusted community water systems for 191,266 of 255,060 system‐months (2006–2010) were compared with control ranges 0.6 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L wide. Percentages of system‐months within control ranges ⩾0.4 mg/L wide (e.g., ±0.2 mg/L) were >83% versus 68% for 0.2 mg/L wide (±0.1 mg/L). In 2015, 70% of adjusted systems maintained averages within ±0.1 mg/L of their system's annual average for nine of 12 months, 67% used the 0.7 mg/L target and 45% used it with a ±0.1 mg/L control range. Adoption of the 0.7 mg/L target was underway but not completed in 2015. Control ranges narrower than ±0.2 mg/L may be feasible for monthly average fluoride concentration.
State Barriers to Approval of Drinking Water Technologies for Small Systems
Authors: Ringenberg Deanna T. , Wilson Steven D. , Dvorak Bruce I.
Published: May 2017

One perceived barrier to the implementation of new technologies in small drinking water systems is obtaining state regulatory agency approval. To investigate barriers as well as acceptance program status, experiences with new technologies, data needs for technology approval, and interest in a shared approach to acceptance of new technologies, a survey was sent to state regulatory agencies. The survey confirmed that new technologies for small systems are rarely considered by agencies. Key barriers encountered by states include an overall lack of staff time and training, insufficient data from vendors (including appropriate pilot test data), and lack of independent verification and certification. It was also found that some “emerging” technologies are more common than previously realized and that most states are interested in sharing data and are willing to collaborate to collect and evaluate performance data for new technologies. The next step is to identify how to share information nationwide.
Mainstreaming and misfitting: Exploring disability and its intersection with gender in online disability awareness-raising videos
Authors: Christensen-Strynø Maria Bee
Published: May 2017

This article investigates how the concepts of ‘mainstreaming’ and ‘misfitting’ become useful analytical tools for analyzing visual media representations of disability. The analysis deals with two videos from online awareness-raising campaigns about disability, and the aim is to show that disability intersects with gender in ways that have significant consequences for how bodily expressions are negotiated. Media representations of both disability and gender have become more visible but are rarely studied together. When they are, it is rarely from a vantage point in disability experience. Therefore, I stress the importance of applying intersectional approaches specifically to disability and suggest a methodological framework composed of two contrasting movements: mainstreaming (as a reference point of striving for normalization in visual media representation) as opposed to misfitting (as a critical position that applies to disability and its intersection with gender). The analyses of the videos show how these positions are at play through sometimes very subtle capacities in which gender interferes with the processes of mainstreaming and stabilizing disability, or attempts are made to accommodate misfit positions by challenging and transgressing traditional notions of disabled and gendered embodiment.