bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las limitaciones administrativas a la propiedad por razones de ordenación territorial y ordenación urbanística en Ve-nezuela, y el curioso caso de una ley sancionada que nunca entró en vigencia
Authors: Brewer-Carías Allan
Published: September 2021

Resumo: O presente artigo trata das limitações administrativas da propriedade por razões de ordenamento territorial e urbanístico na Venezuela, trazendo um curioso caso de uma lei sancionada que nunca entrou em vigência. Primeiramente aborda-se o regime legal, destacando-se alguns aspectos da Lei Orgânica de 2005, a qual nunca entrou em vigência. Analisam-se os princípios constitucionais sobre a propriedade, sob a luz da Constituição de 1999. Através de uma pequena digressão histórica, são analisados os antecedentes constitucionais relacionados com a propriedade. Trata-se da garantia constitucional da propriedade e a reserva legal. O regime legislativo das limitações da propriedade é abordado, principalmente o regime da Lei Orgânica de Organização do Território de 1983 e os planos de ordenamento urbanístico. Sustentam-se alguns pontos sobre a urbanização e a edificação contidas na Lei Orgânica, bem como os projetos e a responsabilidade dos profissionais. Aborda-se sobre as consultas preliminares e outros procedimentos para se constituir uma edificação em uma zona de urbanização. Por fim alguns aspectos da limitação e uso da propriedade são tratados de acordo com a Lei Orgânica de 2005.

Palavras-chave: Venezuela. Lei Orgânica. Limitações administrativas da propriedade. Constituição de 1999. Princípios Constitucionais. Planos de ordenamento urbanístico. Urbanização e edificação.

Abstract: This article deals with the administrative constraints of the property for reasons of territorial and urban planning in Venezuela, bringing a curious case of a law that sanctioned never entered in validity. First it discusses the legal system, especially some aspects of the Organic Law of 2005, which never entered in validity. They´re analyzed the principles constitutional on the property, under the light of the Constitution of 1999. Through a small historical tour, the constitutional antecedents related with the property are analyzed. It is treated of constitutional guarantee of property and the legal reserve. The regimen of legislative restrictions on the property is boarded, mainly the regimen of the Organic Law of Organization of the Territory of 1983 and the plans for urban planning. Some points are supported on the urbanization and the construction contained in the Organic Law, as well as the projects and the responsibility of professionals. It´s approached on the preliminary consultations and other procedures to be a building in an area of urbanization. Finally some aspects of limitation and use of property are treated according to the Organic Law of 2005.

Key words: Venezuela. Organic law. Administrative limitations of the property. Constitution of 1999. Constitutional Principles. Plans of urban order. Urbanization and construction.
Buen vivir: uma alternativa latino-americana
Authors: Poli Luciana Costa , Hazan Bruno Ferraz
Published: September 2021

O trabalho apresenta de forma sucinta algumas características do denominado constitucionalismo latino-americano, que se destaca pela tentativa de privilegiar a riqueza cultural e as tradições comunitárias e históricas na busca de uma refundação das instituições políticas e jurídicas. Esse movimento constitucionalista, como se pretende mostrar, ao incluir em sua agenda questões de cunho ambiental, social, econômico e jurídico tem acendido esperanças de que o desenvolvimento sustentável, fulcrado em uma nova visão do mundo, seria possível. A partir dessa visão, o artigo apresenta a noção do Sumak Kawsay (expressão de uma forma ancestral de ser e de estar no mundo) adotado pelo Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir do Equador e por outros países como Bolívia e Venezuela, que propõe uma ruptura dos conceitos ortodoxos do desenvolvimento de hoje (crescimento, rapidez, exportação, dentre outros). O trabalho destaca a visão da natureza e do mundo expostas pelo Sumak Kawsay, como uma possível alternativa ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Aborda, ainda que de forma breve, algumas ideias do ecossocialismo e sua possível correlação com o Sumak Kawsay.
La tenuta dei diritti sociali durante la crisi economiche
Authors: Ciolli Ines
Published: September 2021

Il termine crisi - spesso utilizzato per indicare questo momento di difficoltà economica e politica - aveva inizialmente un significato diverso, non necessariamente negativo; per Santi Romano indicava una fase di “passaggio”, una transizione tra due momenti storici, tra due modelli di organizzazione statale . Oggi, nell’accezione più comune, il lemma è utilizzato per indicare una rottura dell’ordinamento.

I giuristi hanno sempre prestato particolare attenzione ai cambiamenti radicali cui le società e il diritto sono stati sottoposti nel tempo. In particolare, quando nei primi anni del XX secolo si assisteva a una potente rottura dell’ordinamento giuridico originata dalla Prima guerra mondiale, essi si occuparono a vario titolo della crisi dello Stato ; Santi Romano stesso si soffermerà ancora sul tema proponendo una nuova lettura della crisi nella prolusione nel Regio istituto di Scienze sociali “Cesare Alfieri” a Firenze .
Os Consórcios públicos como vias de implementação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS)
Authors: Da Silva Yasmin Onofre , Botelho Maria Izabel Vieira
Published: September 2021

As dificuldades de gestão e manejo dos resíduos sólidos nos municípios brasileiros se apresentam como entraves para a concretização dos objetivos previstos na lei da Polí
Direito ao ambiente e o direito à moradia: colisão e ponderação de direitos fundamentais.
Authors: Reis João Emilio de Assis
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho é um ensaio teórico que trata de analisar o conflito entre o direito fundamental à moradia e o direito fundamental ao meio ambiente. Partindo da análise da evolução da incorporação da tutela da moradia e do ambiente ao ordenamento jurídico como direitos, analisa a presença de ambas como direitos fundamentais na Constituição de 1988. Partindo do pressuposto de inexistência de hierarquia entre ambos os direitos, busca finalmente apresentar o método da ponderação de valores e da concordância prática, como forma de solução de conflito entre direitos fundamentais.
Religiously Motivated Terror Discourse (Daesh Case)
Authors: KİRAZOLUĞU Oktay
Published: September 2021

Although Daesh has lost its effect physically, its influence on manpower remains a matter of curiosity. The aim of this article is to define ‘Religiously Motivated Terror Discourse’ on Daesh terror organization case. Daesh’s online magazines, Dabıq and Rumiyah, are analyzed by content, thematic and discourse analysis. The analysis displays that Daesh constructs its discourse on the main themes (manhaj, jihad, tawhid, jama’ah, hijrah, imamah, ummah, khalifah) which prefigure and integrate each other. Themes are linked to form a cause and consequence cycle in the construction of this discourse. Fictitious description of events, ideological separation in narratives, binary opposing themes in propositions, absence of gray zone in narratives, divine narratives, brutal imagery in visuals, discourse on the vengeance of humiliation, the motivation of group members, and use of inner group jargon are the main characteristics of this discourse.
COVID-19 y seguridad regional. Macro-seguritización global, adaptaciones locales y dilemas de la cooperación latinoamericana
Authors: Dalponte Bruno
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo analiza las principales líneas en torno de las cuales se ha interpretado y utilizado la seguritización de la COVID-19 en América Latina. Partiendo de una comprensión de la seguritización que incorpora un diálogo entre lo local y lo global para interpretar el alcance concreto del proceso, se observan las formas variadas en que distintos países de la región adaptaron discursos seguritarios de alcance global. Para ello, se analizan las principales dinámicas globales de seguritización en torno de la COVID-19, las particularidades de sus principales contrapartes locales y las acciones extraordinarias legitimadas a partir de ellas. Se argumenta que las variaciones en las construcciones de la “amenaza pandémica” de los actores regionales, realizadas de manera aislada y leídas a través de marcos interpretativos distintos, son a la vez consecuencia y agravante de desacuerdos políticos entre mandatarios nacionales. De esta manera, se busca realizar un balance general que sirva de base para continuar debatiendo uno de los múltiples aspectos en que la actual pandemia ha afectado la seguridad regional.

AbstractThis article analyses the main lines around which the securitization of COVID-19 has been interpreted and used in Latin America. Starting from an understanding of securitization that incorporates a dialogue between the local and the global to interpret the specific characteristics of the process, the investigation observes the varied ways in which different countries in the region have adapted global security discourses. The main global security dynamics around COVID-19, the particularities of its main local counterparts, and the extraordinary actions legitimized as a result of them are analysed. It is argued that the variations in the constructions of the “pandemic threat” by regional actors, carried out in isolation and read through different interpretive frameworks, are both a consequence and an aggravating factor of political disagreements between national leaders. In this way, the article seeks to make a general balance that serves as the basis for continuing the debate on the many aspects in which the current pandemic has affected regional security.
Impact of heat and moisture stress on crop productivity: Evidence from the Langgewens Research Farm
Authors: Conradie Beatrice , Piesse Jenifer , Strauss Johann
Published: September 2021

We investigated the effect of heat and moisture stress on total factor productivity in crop farming under  experimental farm conditions. Heat stress is the number of days during the growing season during which the maximum temperature exceeds 24.9 °C. Total rainfall is treated as a basic factor of production and periodic moisture stress, or lack thereof, is the number of rainfall days during the growing season. All models controlled for the cumulative soil benefits arising from minimum tillage, which is the main objective of the experiment. Model specification was evaluated using likelihood ratio tests and three are worthy of note. The study site received 329 mm of rainfall on average on 22 rainy days per season during the period 2002–2015, while the maximum temperature typically rose above 24.9 °C on 33 days per growing season. The average efficiency of the plots in the long-term crop rotation experiment increased at 3.4% per year from a base of 60% to the most recent level of 78%. Neither heat nor moisture stress changed significantly over the study period. Heat stress was found to reduce efficiency by 1.75% per hot day and rainfall increased efficiency by 1.45% for each additional rainy day. However, the interaction of heat and moisture stress lowered productivity overall.Significance:

This study contributes a new approach to modelling the effect of climate on agricultural productivity using a new metric of heat and moisture stress.
We quantify the marginal effects of rising temperatures and rainfall events and evaluate several potential specifications of heat and moisture stress variables.
Study of anode spot transient processes of a high-current vacuum arc with high-speed spectroscopy and videorecording
Authors:   Institute of High Current Electronics Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Schneider A.V. , Popov S.A. ,   Institute of High Current Electronics Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Dubrovskaya E.L. ,   Institute of High Current Electronics Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Yushkov A.Y. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Batrakov A.V. ,   Institute of High Current Electronics Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

The processes of plasma formation in the anode region of a high-current vacuum arc discharge are of high actuality in terms of improving the switching characteristics of vacuum circuit breaker. In present paper the dynamics of the radiation spectrum of anode region was recorded with the system that allows time scanning of a spectrum. In parallel, there was high-speed videorecording. The obtained data clearly show changes in the charge composition of the anode spot plasma in the process of changing discharge forms.
Modeling of dielectric relaxation in clays at negative and positive temperatures
Authors:   Omsk State Pedagogical University (Omsk, Russian Federation), Repin A.V. , Rodionova O.V. ,   Omsk State Pedagogical University (Omsk, Russia), Kroshka E.S. ,   Omsk State Pedagogical University (Omsk, Russia)
Published: September 2021

Experimental data on measuring the complex dielectric constant (CDP) of clays with full moistening with distilled water in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 8.5 GHz at temperatures from -15 to +25 °C are presented. The modeling of the dependences of is carried out by a multirelaxation model that takes into account the relaxation of free and bound water, as well as relaxation at the bound water - mineral and bound water - air boundaries. It is shown that at temperatures below -5 °C, a relaxation process appears in the CDP spectrum due to polarization at the bound water - ice or ice - mineral interface. The relationship between the parameters of this relaxation process and the petrophysical characteristics of the rock is found.
Evolution of dislocation substructure under deformation of ordered and disordered Pd3Fe alloy in the region of low stable structural-phase states
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, Trishkina L.I. , Potekaev A.I. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Klopotov A.A. ,   Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, Cherkasova T.V. ,   Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, Kulagina V.V. ,   National Research Tomsk State University; Siberian State Medical University, Medvedev N.N. ,   Biysk Technological Institute (branch) of the Altay State Technical University
Published: September 2021

The results of an electron microscopy study of the evolution of the dislocation structure of a polycrystalline ordered and disordered Pd3Fe alloy in the region of weakly stable structural-phase States are presented. The scheme of rearrangement of dislocation substructures during the transition from stage to stage, which are highlighted on the deformation curves of the Pd3Fe alloy, is constructed. It is established that in the case of both disordered and ordered alloys, each stage of deformation is characterized by its own special types of dislocation substructure (DSS), which are the main carriers of deformation for this stage. Transitions from some types of DSS to other types occur in certain ranges of values of the degree of deformation ε. The appearance of the DSS type characteristic of this stage of deformation occurs at the previous stage, and as the degree of deformation increases, the proportion of this type of DSS increases. At the stage under consideration, their share is the largest, and when moving to the next stage, it gradually decreases until it disappears. In the case of ordered alloys, the types of dislocation substructure-the main carrier of deformation for this stage differ from the types of DSS that are implemented in disordered alloys at the same stage of deformation. It is shown that each stage of deformation has its own DSS - strain carriers. When moving to a new stage, the transition to new structural carriers of deformation occurs. During the transition, these carriers co-exist, which is a characteristic feature of weakly stable States of the system.
DİLLER ARASI ETKİLEŞİM: ARAPÇA VE TÜRKÇE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: YAQOOB Luay Hatem
Published: September 2021

Dillerin etkileşimi uzun dönemlerin geçmesiyle gözlemlenen doğal bir olgudur. Bir dil başka bir dil ile doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak bağlantı kurduğunda diller birbirine nüfuz eder. İster eski olsun ister yeni, dünyadaki tüm dillerin birbirini etkilemesi ve aynı şekilde birbirinden etkilenmesi normaldir. İnsanların birlikte yaşamaları sonucunda diller arasında etkileşimlere ve kelime geçişlerine tanık olunmaktadır. Farklı topluluklar arasında çeşitli ilişkiler geliştirilmesi, halkların komşuluk bağları, etnik ve dini bakımdan saf olmayan yapıların oluşması neticesinde dillerin değişmesi ve birbirinden etkilenmesi kanun niteliğinde bir realitedir. Bu araştırma Türkçe ve lehçelerini genel hatlarıyla incelemek yanında onlarda meydana gelen değişimleri ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Üç bölümden oluşan çalışmamızda Türkçe ve Arapça arasındaki benzer yönler ortaya konmaya gayret edilmiştir. Birinci bölümde, Türkçenin ortaya çıkışından ve günümüzdeki şekline ulaşıncaya kadar geçtiği dönemlerden bahsedilmektedir. İkinci bölümde Arapçanın Türkçeye etkisi, aralarındaki etkileşim ve benzerlikler işlenmektedir. Üçüncü bölümde ise Türkçenin Arapçadan etkilendiği en önemli meseleler ve alanlar değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırmada, Türkçenin Arapçadan etkilendiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda en önemli faktörler, Türk halkının çoğunluğunun İslam dinine inanması ve İslam’ın kutsal kitabı Kur’an-ı Kerim’in Arapça olmasıdır. Osmanlı Türkçesinde Arapçanın izlerini bariz bir şekilde görmek mümkündür. 1928 yılında gerçekleşen harf inkılabı ve devamındaki dilde sadeleştirme hareketi ile birlikte, Arapça etkisinin eskiye oranla giderek azalmaya başladığı anlaşılmaktadır. Buna rağmen Arapça, ortak kelimeler bakımından Türkçe üzerindeki en etkili yabancı dil olma özelliğini korumaktadır.
İÇ DENETİMDE FARKLI KAYNAK KULLANIMI
Authors: ÖÇAY Erdinç
Published: September 2021

Küreselleşen dünya ekonomi piyasalarında şirketlerin uzun yıllar boyunca sektörlerindeki rekabet gücünü kaybetmeden, kurumsal yozlaşmaya uğramadan ve uluslararası alanda benimsenen etik ilkelere uyum göstererek işletme faaliyetlerinin sağlıklı bir biçimde yürütülmesi için iç denetime duyulan ihtiyaç her geçen gün giderek artmaktadır. İşletmeler iç denetim faaliyetlerini sürdürürken çeşitli kaynaklardan yararlanmaktadırlar. Etkin bir iç denetim organizasyonun işletmelerin etkinlik ve verimlilik ile ilgili karşılaşılabileceği muhtemel problemlerin erken tespit edilmesi ve bu sayede işletmelerin ilerleyen faaliyet dönemlerinde meydana gelebilecek olağan zararların önlenmesinde önemli bir rol oynayacağı açıktır. Bu noktada her işletme, menfaatleri çerçevesinde kendi iç kaynaklarını kullanarak iç denetim organizasyonunu şekillendirebileceği gibi işletme dışı kaynaklara da başvurabilir. İşletmeler bu kararı verirken işletme ölçeği, organizasyon yapısı, denetim faaliyetinin iç kaynak kullanılarak gerçekleştirme maliyeti ile dış kaynak kullanım maliyeti gibi işletmeye ait göstergeleri dikkate almaktadırlar. İşletmelerde iç denetim faaliyetleri gerçekleştirilirken kullanılan iç kaynak ve dış kaynak kullanımları kendilerine özgü avantaj ve dezavantajlar barındırmaktadırlar. Bu noktada denetim faaliyetinin iç kaynak kullanılarak yapılmasının yanı sıra dış kaynaklardan faydalanılarak gerçekleştirilmesi de işletmenin iç denetim faaliyetinin özgünlüğünü ve güvenirliğini artıracaktır. Bu durum biz araştırmacılara iç denetimde dış kaynak kullanımı ve hibrit yöntemlerin daha derinlemesine incelenmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yapmış olduğumuz bu çalışmamız da dış kaynak kullanımı ve iç denetimde farklı kaynak kullanımı incelenmiş olup iç denetimde farklı kaynak kullanımlarının avantajları ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEMS OF LINGUISTIC SUPPORT OF CYBERPHYSICAL SYSTEMS OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Lenkov S.V. , Komarova L.O. , Doroshenko T.V. , Solodeeva L.V.
Published: September 2021

The article deals with analyses of prospects for relationship between nanotechnology and applied linguistics in the field of information functioning in automated nanosystems of various types, including the use of lexical units of the semantic field - nanotechnology; to review the state of lexicographic and terminological sources of professional language in the field of nanotechnology and nanotechnology industry in the general system of information security of the state.

Modern information security is formed at the micro- and nano-levels, which contributes to finding new solutions with numerous possibilities of civil and military application. The authors prove that the development of modern nanotechnological devices allows to obtain a potential that can be comparable with the factor of ruinability of the mass destruction weapon. One of the most frightening prospects is the emergence of nanorobots with elements of collective intelligence, which could use the natural environment for the creation of similar machines. From this perspective, the nanotechnologies being created are a new class of armaments. Therefore, there is a general need to investigate the whole paradigm of nanotechnology in order to identify positive and negative effects of their use, In particular, the analysis of nanotechnology and nanomaterials therminosystems, examination of the mechanisms of their formation, and identification of the main features of the terms. The use of applied possibilities of linguistics for linguistic support of information functioning in automated nanosystems of various types is considered actual. The linguistic support (determining the language of representation and information management) is a spliced link between the "natural" and the information environment.
11 Eylül Terör Saldırıları Sonrası ABD Gayrinizami Harp Anlayışının Değişimi
Authors: Özdemir Emrah
Published: September 2021

Gayrinizami harp tecrübesi anlamında ABD silahlı kuvvetlerinin kazanımları 18.yüzyıla kadar uzanmaktadır. Ancak dönemsel olarak Vietnam Savaşı gibi travmatik olaylar bu tür kıymetli tecrübelerin göz ardı edilmesine ve uzunca bir süre gayrinizami harbe temkinli bir şekilde yaklaşılmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada tarihsel süreçte ABD için en trajik tecrübelerin başında gelen 11 Eylül Saldırıları sonrası ABD Ordusunun gayrinizami harp doktrininin nasıl şekillendiği ve güncel stratejik düşüncede ne anlam ifade ettiği ortaya konulmaktadır. Resmî belgeler, askerî talimnameler ve literatürde yaşanan tartışmalar ışığında ABD’nin değişen güvenlik konsepti içerisinde, gayrinizami harbin ne derece önemli bir unsur olduğunu anlamak, çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu anlamda çalışmanın yöntemi nitel doküman incelemesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda, konvansiyonel orduların politik hedeflere ulaşmak için gayrinizami yaklaşımlara yoğunlaştıkları ve konvansiyonel olanla gayrinizami olan arasındaki farkın giderek muğlaklaştığı bir dönemin yaşandığı ileri sürülmektedir.
Hava Gücünün Tarihi Gelişimi: Nitelikler, Bileşenler, Görevler ve Etkinlik Açısından Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Egeli Sıtkı
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada, hava gücünün ortaya çıkmasından bu yana geçen 100 yılı aşkın süre zarfındaki tarihî gelişim sürecinin ikincil kaynakları kullanan nitel araştırma yaklaşımıyla incelenmesi neticesinde, özellikle Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde yaygınlık kazanan hava gücünün kara ve deniz güçleri karşısında baskın konuma geçerek artık savaşların sonucunu tek başına belirleyebileceği önermesinin sahadaki gelişmelerle çeliştiği, zira hava gücünün kullanımı sayesinde elde edilen fırsatların ve avantajların taktik, stratejik ve/veya siyasî sonuçlara dönüştürülebilmesi için satıhta konuşlanmış kuvvet unsurlarına hâlâ ihtiyaç duyulduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Varılan bu sonuçla bağlantılı olarak, incelenen dönemde yaşanan süratli teknolojik gelişmelere rağmen hava gücünün kuvvetli-zayıf yönlerinin ve ifa ettiği görev kategorilerinin yıllar içerisinde büyük oranda aynı kaldığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca, hava gücünün potansiyelinden tam manasıyla yararlanılabilmesinin sadece az sayıda devletin sahip olduğu maddi, teknolojik, örgütsel ve entelektüel kapasitenin kazanılmasını gerekli kıldığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Proje Yönetimine Kurumsal Bir Yaklaşım: Jandarma Genel Komutanlığına Özgü Yeni Bir Proje Yönetim Modeli
Authors: Erciyes Erdem , Özgür Erdem
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Jandarma Genel Komutanlığına özgülenebilecek bir proje yönetim sistemi oluşturmaktır. Çalışmanın temel araştırma sorusu “Jandarma Genel Komutanlığına özgü proje yönetimi yaklaşımı nasıl olmalıdır?”. Bu soruya cevap bulabilmek için çalışmada etnografik bir araştırma metodolojisi benimsenmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma metodu olarak Jandarma Genel Komutanlığında proje faaliyetleri icra eden dokuz personelle yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar ve ikincil bilgi kaynağı olarak literatür (dizin) taraması yapılmıştır. Jandarma Genel Komutanlığının proje yönetim sisteminde etkinliğin sağlanabilmesi için atılması gereken en önemli adım olarak ihtiyacı doğru olarak tanımlayabilen, proje yapan, yaptıran, yöneten ve kontrol eden bir Araştırma Geliştirme Merkezinin kurulması tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda Jandarma Genel Komutanlığının proje yönetim sürecine özgü yeni proje yönetim modeli oluşturulmuştur.
TRANSFORMATIVE VIOLENCE AND MOBILIZATION IN INDIA AND MEXICO
Authors: Marat Erica
Published: September 2021

Why are some violent acts more galvanizing than others? Examining two cases—the gang rape of a twenty-three-year-old student in New Delhi in 2012 and the disappearance of forty-three students in Mexico in September 2014—this article builds a theoretical model that explains how violent acts can trigger mobilization in defense of groups suppressed by structural violence. Such transformative events differ from the cycles of contentious politics that explain mobilization patterns for most social movements. By process-tracing mobilization in both cases, I identify three conditions that must be in place for an act of violence to become transformative: (1) the victims are identifiable as members of a group of known statistical victims; (2) the violence occurs within pre-existing interpretive frameworks; and (3) both an image and narrative of violence are available. Transformative violence helps consolidate existing activist networks and institutional structures, political opportunities, historical memory, and interpretive frames.
THE NEW-NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS: ARE SOCIAL MEDIA CHANGING THE ONTOLOGY OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS?
Authors: Cammaerts Bart
Published: September 2021

Our hypermediated societies affect the very nature of what a social movement is. This article identifies five core nodal points of what constitutes a social movement: Program claims, Identity construction, Connections, Actions, and Resolve (PICAR). Primarily using France’s yellow vest movement case, I assess the impact of social media on these nodal points. I find that social media afford opportunities as well as present challenges for contemporary movements which taken together amounts to a newly emerging ontology. This new-new social movement ontology is characterized by processes of discontinuity (open ideological positioning, fluid collective identities, weak ties, an online repertoire of action, and relative ephemerality) co-existing with continuity (the return of a class politics of redistribution, the continued importance of collective identity, offline repertoires, and cycles of protest). This analysis demonstrates the dynamic interplay between political and mediation opportunity structures, producing new emancipatory potentials and challenging constraints.
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND THE COMMONS: A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING COLLECTIVE ACTION IN CRISIS-RIDDEN SOUTHERN EUROPE
Authors: Roussos Konstantinos , Malamidis Haris
Published: September 2021

Both social movement research and the literature on the commons provide rich accounts of the anti-austerity mobilizations and uprisings in southern Europe. Movement studies offer important insights regarding the context of mobilization and collective claim making. The commons literature emphasizes bottom-up practices of shared ownership, self-management, and social co-production that move beyond institutional solutions. Although both literatures highlight similar phenomena, they remain relatively unconnected. Their distance precludes a full grasp of the implications regarding the dynamic and abundant to-and-fro movement between protest-based politics and everyday forms of collective action in this region, which is heavily affected by the crisis’ austerity management. Drawing on the South European context, this article rethinks key concepts addressed in both literatures (social movements-commons, activists-commoners, mobilization-commoning) and highlights how a conceptual synthesis can sharpen and (re)politicize the theorization of contemporary collective action in the everyday.
The role of epidemiological research in the study of the etiology of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Laouer К.
Published: September 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common non-traumatic cause of disability in young and middle-aged people, which determines the attention of health authorities and social welfare agencies in any society. Despite high hopes for new treatments, curing MS patients in the foreseeable future is highly problematic.
Cerebral aneurysm associated with Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis: a case study
Authors: Yakupov R. A.
Published: September 2021

Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis is a hereditary disease from the group of phakomatoses, which is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner with high penetrance and manifests itself as multiple pigmented spots on the skin, pigmented moles, tumors of the skin and nerve trunks.
Condition of vegetative regulation at concussion of a head brain in children of preschool age
Authors: Seliverstova G. A. , Kalashnicova Т. Р.
Published: September 2021

Peculiarities of infringement of the vegetative status in children, having had concussion of a head brain are revealed. Infringements of vegetative systems activity was displayed by an oppression of eigotrops link, causing unsufficient vegetative reaction and inadequate vegetative maintenance of activity. Interrelation of character of vegetative reaction with terms of remote period was shown. Influence of age of the children, character of perynatal anamnes, degree of clinical indemnification were revealed.
Recovery of motor functions after a stroke
Authors: Kadykov A. S. , Chernikova L. A.
Published: September 2021

The problem of rehabilitation of stroke patients is being actively developed in modern medicine. According to the World Health Organization, 100-300 cases of stroke occur annually in developed countries for every 100 thousand people. In Russia, these numbers are 250-320 among the urban population (according to the registers of cerebral stroke in Moscow and Novosibirsk) and 170 among the rural population (according to the Stavropol Territory).
The Impact of The Reinsurance Institute on The Financial Results of Insurance Companies
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Polyakova Marina V. , Polyakov Konstantin L. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: September 2021

Risk management is one of the biggest challenges for financial market participants, in particular for the insurance companies. To solve this problem, the regulator and the insurance market have created a number of institutions, one of which is the institution of reinsurance. Institutions contribute to the solution of problems arising due to the limited rationality and opportunism of participants of contract processes. By use of these institutions organizations have an opportunity to reduce the “ex post” and “ex ante” transaction costs associated with contracts. At the same time, institutions only determine the rules and goals. The organization’s tactics and the way of fulfilling the requirements are completely controlled by its leadership of all levels, which also defines the role of institutions in solving other important business tasks, such as ensuring its efficiency and sustainability. The sustainability and efficiency of the insurance business significantly depends on proper risk management. This study analyses how the use of reinsurance institution as a part of risk-management affects the financial results of insurance companies. The insured events specified in contracts may not occur during their validity period, and one can suppose that in the short-term perspective reinsurance generates mostly outgoing cash flows, which affect the efficiency, solvency and liquidity of the organization. So the aim of the study is to analyse the impact of reinsurance intensity estimated by the share of premium transferred to the reinsurer on the specific financial characteristics of Russian insurance business. As a result, it was revealed that in the short term the impact is significantly negative: the use of reinsurance leads to decrease in financial performance of domestic insurance organizations. This result, of course, does not diminish the significance of reinsurance for risk-management, but it should be taken into account within financial planning and actuarial activities. For completeness, the relationship of various financial indicators with efficiency, solvency and liquidity of insurance companies was also analysed. In particular, it was shown that a change in the influence strength of a number of financial management tools affect above mentioned characteristics. We also noted the need to consider the nonlinear nature of relationships between financial indicators used in study in processes of forecasting and management.
Institutional Barriers to The Growth of Human Capital of Highly-Skilled Professionals
Authors:   FCTAS RAS, Karavay Anastasia V. ,   Institute for Social Policy HSE
Published: September 2021

The factors that currently determine Russian professionals' quality of human capital is analised in the article. Authors use the multinomial logistic regression and methods of content analysis based on the data of the RLMS HSE in 2019 and the FCTAS RAS in 2021. It is shown that the main role in the processes of accumulation and renewal of their human capital is played by factors related to the specific of socio-economic institutions in Russia. Employment in the main sectors of the Russian economy – industry, trade and services – does not require professionals to further increase their human capital. The concentration of enterprises from industries where highly qualified specialists are usually in demand in the most urbanized regions causes an unequal distribution of high-quality human capital between large cities and other localities. It is also shown that the influence of age on the processes of accumulation of human capital is nonlinear. The possibility to get into the group with the highest quality of human capital for professionals are drained even before the age of 40. At the same time, from the age of 45, the chances for them to have human capital with its typical quality for highly-skilled professionals begin to decrease, which is associated with discrimination in the Russian labor market of older workers and the inexpediency for them to invest in their human capital in these conditions. The results show how difficult it will be in the current conditions and considering the inevitable aging of the population to implement the plans of the country's leadership to increase the share of high-tech enterprises and increase labor productivity without changing the institutional environment.
Poetry after 1989 and Its Contexts in Polish Language Education
Authors: Mazur Elżbieta
Published: September 2021

The article focuses on the position of contemporary poetry in Polish language teaching at secondary schools. It highlights cultural contexts in lyric poetry created after 1989 from the standpoint of integrational education, by reviewing Polish language textbooks, and taking into account new tendencies in Polish poetry. The noticeable change in the poetic language is discussed in selected examples along with the filiations, and disputes with tradition, as well as problems of aesthetics. It was emphasised that contexts of literature play an important role in interpretation of poems by Marcin Świetlicki, Eugeniusz Tkaczyszyn-Dycki, Tomasz Różycki and others.
On the Emotional and Emotive Power of Translation: Translation Experiment
Authors: Manasterska-Wiącek Edyta
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the article is to see whether the power of the literary work rules the reader’s emotions and whether the extra-lexical elements of the text are participating in the transfer of emotions. The author is going to answer these questions based on two authored translations of Sergey Mikhalkov’s poem into Polish. The understanding of the reception of the literary text as an aesthetic impression forces one to seek affective tensions, or elements which influence the emotional reactions of the reader. In reference to the conducted study it is essential to describe (and delineate) two concepts: the text’s emotive power and the reader’s emotional power. The literary work selected for analysis is not a typical one. Its structure was based on rhythm, which was used in an excellent way. Rhyme, on the other hand, appears only in the last two verses. The proposed translation uses a potential rhyme to add the emotional value in relation to the original text. Such a play with the reader is only possible when he/she understands the whole mechanism. A similar device used to increase the emotional value is maintaining the formal aspect of the original (octosyllable or heptasyllable verses), which sounds slightly artificial in Polish, given its permanent, paroxytone, accent. The analysis confirms that a translator is able to increase or reduce the emotional power of reception by modifying the text’s emotive power.
Inclusive Approach in Teaching Students with Special Educational Needs – a Chance to Change the Polish School
Authors: Pomirska Zofia
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the issue of inclusive education, which is one of the priorities of contemporary educational policy. The author describes both the idea of inclusion and the assumptions of inclusive education, as well as introduces the legal aspects of this issue. Particular attention was paid to the situation of students with special educational needs, for whom inclusive education is an opportunity to optimize the teaching-learning process. The final part of the article presents selected practical solutions that can be used by teachers to build a learning environment friendly to students with special educational needs.
Life Cycle Analysis of Milkfish Fingerlings Production in Thailand
Authors:   the College of Allied Health Science, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand, Pianjing Prisna , Wites Jarunee
Published: September 2021

This study revealed the results from a life cycle inventory of milkfish (Chanos chanos) fingerlings production in Thailand and a life cycle assessment (LCA). A scope of study was a gate -to-gate of milkfish fingerlings production. Life cycle inventories were performed based on the production of 1,000,000 fingerlings. The assessments of environmental impacts were global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP). There were 5 major stations of milkfish fingerlings production including the brood stock, breeding, nursery, live feed, and support station. The brood stock station exhibited the highest GWP at 51,128.38 kg CO2 eq. The major source of GWP was from energy consumption. The highest AP was from breeding station at 12,794.75 kg SO2 eq. The major source was from energy used for aeration and water pumping. The highest EP was from breeding station at 172,796.10 kg PO4 eq. The use of feeds that contained lower fish meal and a good administration of feeding process could help to reduce the global warming potential. Application of alternative energy sources such as wind energy could decrease global warming and acidification impact.
The Effects of Virgin and Recycled PA12 Powders in SLS Processes on Occupational Exposures
Authors:   the Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia, Damanhuri Amir Abdullah Muhamad , Hariri Azian , Ghani Sharin Ab , Mustafa Mohd Syafiq Syazwan , Herawan Safarudin Ghazali , Paiman Nuur Azreen
Published: September 2021

Particulate matter and ultrafine particles are emitted during the pre-processing and post-processing activities of selective laser sintering (SLS) processes, which is major concern to operators exposed to the powders. This study aims to determine the occupational exposure (in terms of the total particle concentration and respirable particulate concentration) during the pre-processing and post-processing activities of SLS processes using virgin and recycled polyamide 12 (PA12) powders. Personal air sampling was performed for each activity according to the NIOSH 0500 and NIOSH 0600 methods. Based on the results, both powders were uniform spheres with a particle size of 40–60 μm. The total particulate concentration was most significant during the following pre-processing activities: 1) pouring powder into the mixing machine and 2) transferring the powder to the SLS AM machine. The total particulate concentration and respirable particulate concentration were slightly higher for the virgin powder for these activities. In conclusion, the virgin and recycled PA12 powders were both inhalable and respirable, which poses serious health hazards to the SLS AM operators. Hence, it is essential for operators to use suitable personal protective equipment (including respirators) and the working practices need to be improved by automating
A Study of the Relationship among Self-efficacy, Cognitive Load, Failure Attribution and Intention of Continue Participation in the "Insect Garden VR Game"
Authors:   the Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taiwan, Juh Chin-Chieh , Lu Chow-Chin , Hong Jon-Chao
Published: September 2021

Education reform is ongoing in Taiwan, the 12-year compulsory education has been implemented since 2019. The science curriculum emphasizes the importance of students' self-learning and problem-solving skills. This study applied the "Insect Garden VR Game" to understand the relationship among students' self-efficacy, cognitive load, failure attribution, and intention of continuous participation in the game. In this study, 172 4th-grade students participated. This study adopted the method of questionnaire survey, which was valid and reliable (Cronbach’s α =0.934). Path analysis of data from 160 effective responses was performed using SPSS (version 20) and structural equation modeling-AMOS (version 20). The conclusions were: 1). the game’s self-efficacy of student was significantly positively correlated with cognitive load. 2). Self-efficacy of student was significantly negatively correlated with failure attribution. 3). Cognitive load of student was significantly positively correlated with failure attribution. 4). Failure attribution of student was significantly negatively correlated with intention of continuous participation. 5). Cognitive load of student was significantly positively correlated with the intention of continuous participation. The suggestions of this study were: 1). Focus on improving the self-efficacy of students' in VR-game-based-eLearning that could enhance students to challenge the tasks in the game. 2). Many tasks can be designed in the game. Although it will increase the cognitive load of the students, it can increase the intention to continue with the participation. 3). The game operation is simple, the equipment can be used normally, the experience of failure is reduced, and the intention of continuous participation can be improved.
Effects of Jigsaw Strategy into Flipped Learning on EFL Pre-serviced Kindergarten Teachers‟ English Attitude and Motivation with Online-Based Classroom
Authors:   the Department of Global Child Education, Woosong University, Daejeon, South Korea, Jeong Hyelin
Published: September 2021

This research applied a jigsaw strategy in flipped learning to improve English attitude and motivation of EFL pre-kindergarten teachers. For this purpose, online-based flipped learning was planned and executed by dividing 48 pre-serviced kindergarten teachers into an experimental group (n=25) and a control group (n=23). In particular, the jigsaw strategy was applied by differentiating the discussion method between the experimental group and the control group, and various topics for 'English in Early Childhood' lecture were provided for about 10 weeks. As a result, the English attitude and motivation post-scores of the experimental group were improved, and there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group. Accordingly, this research verified the effectiveness of the teaching method to encourage learners' participation in the distance learning environments caused by COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, this research also significant in that it has prepared new alternatives to EFL English learners that rely on the face-to-face educational methods.
Using Design Based Research to Redesign Remote Proctoring for Online Learning Environments
Authors:   the Faculty of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China, Han Jining , Pan Rentong , Gao Yuxin , Ren Beibei
Published: September 2021

Online testing has been widely used in Chinese universities due to the development of distance education and the outbreak of COVID-19. The current research uses a design-based research (DBR) method aiming to design, implement, and assess remote proctoring of Chinese undergraduates and to further promote its effectiveness at Chinese universities. Across three iterations, a combination of qualitative data collection and analysis procedures were used to investigate the design of the remote proctoring. The results show that remote proctoring designers should add some new features to the remote proctoring and take into account test-takers’ mentality. Finally, the study provides implications in designing remote proctoring.
Self-efficacy for Self-regulated Learning and Chinese Students’ Intention to Use Online Learning in COVID-19: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors:   the Institute of Analytical Psychology, City University of Macau, 999078, China, Cui Yajuan
Published: September 2021

Self-efficacy for self-regulated learning (SESRL) is a protective factor for academic performance. However, there are few studies have explored its impact on online learning during the Covid-19. This study investigated (a) the mediating roles of perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) in the relationship between SESRL and use intention (UI) and (b) the moderating role of gender in the indirect relationship between SESRL and UI. Four hundred Chinese college students entered this study and completed the measurements of SESRL, PEOU, PU and UI. The results showed that SESRL, PEOU, PU and UI were positively correlated with each other. Mediating analysis showed that PEOU and PU mediated the relationship between SESRL and UI. By comparison, the single mediating effect of PEOU was stronger than the single mediating effect of PU and the multiple mediation of them together, which showed the robust effect of PEOU. Moderation analysis showed that the effects of SESRL on PU and PEOU in females were stronger than in males. A high level of SESRL is more conducive to improving the PU and PEOU of female students, which further influenced their intention to use online learning.