bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetically engineered biomimetic ATP-responsive nanozyme for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Zhao Xueli , Qin Yuze , Li Bowen , Wang Yue , Liu Jiao , Wang Bo , Zhao Jia , Yin Jiaqi , Zhang Lanlan , Li Jing , Huang Junzhe , Chen Kun , Liu Liwen , Wu Yuanming
Published: October 2024

Background Cardiac fibrosis plays a critical role in the progression of various forms of heart disease, significantly increasing the risk of sudden cardiac death. However, there are presently no therapeutic strategies available to prevent the onset of cardiac fibrosis. Methods and Results Here, biomimetic ATP-responsive nanozymes based on genetically engineered cell membranes are adapted to specifically recognize activated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis. By fusing the anti FAP-Car genetically engineered cell membrane to zeolitic imidazole frameworks-90 (zif-90) cores loaded with antioxidant nanozymes CeO2 and siCTGF, these nanoparticles, called FM@zif-90/Ce/siR NPs, are demonstrated to effectively reduce the accumulation of myofibroblasts and the formation of fibrotic tissue, while restoring cardiac function. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the combination of CeO2 and siCTGF has a beneficial curative effect on cardiac fibrosis, with significant translational potential.
Modeling and the use of surrogate endpoints: Is this a valid approach?
Authors: Ladabaum Uri , Duuren Luuk A. van , Half Elizabeth E. , Levi Zohar , Silverman Barbara , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: October 2024

Development of novel colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests is a dynamic field. Decision analytic modeling based on inputs derived from rigorous prospective studies informs CRC screening guidelines. Exploratory modeling may have a place in early phases of test development. We explored whether 1) surrogate endpoints for long-term, programmatic effectiveness and cost-effectiveness could be potentially informative in early stages of test development, and 2) whether rapid exploratory modeling with a web-based tool would be feasible. First, based on comparisons with published estimates for reductions in CRC mortality with various screening tests in four established decision analytic models of CRC screening, the surrogate endpoint of the number needed to colonoscope to detect one CRC or advanced precancerous lesion (APL) in round 1 of screening appears to hold promise as a measure of clinical effectiveness. Similarly, based on comparisons with published estimates for cost/quality-adjusted life-year gained with screening in the four models, the surrogate endpoint of cost to detect one CRC or APL in round 1 of screening appears to hold promise as a measure of cost-effectiveness. Second, exploration of the impact of lowering the screening initiation age in Israel from age 50 to 45 with the web-based EU-TOPIA tool, compared with the results of a recently published comprehensive modeling study, suggests that exploratory modeling of programmatic screening may be feasible with relatively low time demand vs. that required for typical full-length modeling publications. Further validation will be needed before surrogate endpoints or rapid modeling are incorporated into the novel test development process.
Reconsidering Autonomy: Asian Americans’ Use of Relational Autonomy in Organ Donation Decisions
Authors: Alolod Gerard P. , Litsas Diana C. , Siminoff Laura A.
Published: October 2024

Background
As cultural contexts have gained increasing relevance in medical decision-making, the current mainstream definition of autonomy is insufficient. A viable alternative framework, relational autonomy posits that agents’ actions are influenced by and embedded in society and culture rather than occurring in isolation. To test the concept’s applicability, we examine whether Asian Americans in the study’s sample operationalize relational autonomy as a decisional approach in hypothetical scenarios about organ donation, a practice for which there is considerably lower enthusiasm compared to other racial groups in the US.
Methods
A national sample of Asian American adults were recruited from Qualtrics research panel. Participants completed a Think-Aloud interview containing scenarios in which they decide whether or not to: 1) become a registered donor at the motor vehicle department; 2) authorize organ donation for a close relative who unexpectedly died. The interview first elicited candid reactions to the scenarios, followed by probing participants’ rationale of their initial responses. Participants’ final decision to each scenario (whether or not to register; whether or not consent to surrogate authorization), as well as participants’ decisional approaches (individualistic vs relational) were coded using the constant comparison method.
Results
The sample (n = 40) mirrored the largest proportions of Asian Americans in the US; the plurality identified as Chinese (35%), Filipino (27.5%) and Indian (25%). In response to the organ donor registration prompt, a majority of respondents (57.5%) expressed they would employ the mainstream decisional approach of individualistic autonomy, and 42.5% would make the decision with a relational approach. In contrast, when responding to the surrogate authorization prompt, the majority (77.5%) described a relational approach when making the decision, to preserve familial harmony and honor their cultural heritage.
Conclusions
Use of individualistic and relational autonomy frameworks are situational for some individuals. Participants acknowledged the impact of personal, cultural, and societal elements on their decisional approach. The concept of relational autonomy has utility through its versatility in complex decision-making events and by accounting for multiple stakeholders without privileging the autonomy of a single decision-maker over others.
Clinical trial number:
not applicable
Physicochemical Characteristics and Inhibition Effect of Curcumin Based Schiff Bases on Industrially Important Mild Steel Corrosion in Acidic Medium
Authors: N Ashwini , R Dileep , S Ranganatha
Published: October 2024

The Curcumin-based Schiff bases p-Nitro[(Curcumin)]-aniline (PNCA), p-Bromo[(Curcumin)]-aniline (PBCA) have been synthesised and evaluated in 1M HCl for the effectiveness of its corrosion prevention on industrially important mild steel (MS). Gravimetric measurements along with electrochemical investigations such as potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) show the inhibition performance the synthesised molecules on mild steel. Obeying Langmuir adsorption isotherm, these molecules inhibit corrosion with mixed type of mechanism. When the concentration of the inhibitor rises, so does the molecules (PNCA, PBCA) protection ability, which falls as the temperature rises. PNCA and PBCA molecules exhibit corrosion inhibition efficiency of 96.7% and 99% respectively, as obtained from gravimetric experiments at 50 µM concentration proving their superior character. Quantum chemical studies were performed and the parameters thus obtained were used to determine the correlation between (PNCA), (PBCA), molecular structure, and inhibition effect.
Assessing the Impact of Drought and Upstream Dam Construction on Agriculture in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of the Middle Draa Valley, Morocco
Authors: Meskour Ali , Ahattab Jihane , Aachib Mostafa , Hasnaoui Moulay Driss
Published: October 2024

This study assesses the impact of drought and upstream dam construction on agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions with the Middle Draa Valley (MDV) case study in Morocco. This Valley, nestled in the arid landscapes of Morocco, has a rich tapestry of history, culture, and natural beauty. However, its oases are facing a water shortage crisis due to the effects of climate change and human pressure on water resources for irrigation. We analyzed the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to monitor vegetation dynamics in this valley. The SPEI shows a declining trend, indicating increasing water scarcity, which has led to the overexploitation of groundwater and significant vegetation degradation. The NDVI remained relatively stable until 2015 but has since declined, signaling ecosystem deterioration. The correlation between SPEI and NDVI in the oases suggests that vegetation depends not only on precipitation and evapotranspiration but also on other factors such as insufficient releases from upstream dams and the use of groundwater for irrigation. This is confirmed by analyses of the correlation between dam releases and NDVI, as well as data on groundwater table levels. This situation poses an urgent warning for decision-makers to consider which water management measures and agricultural practices to adopt. The most practical solution to avoid further degradation of the oases in the short term is to conserve the remaining groundwater resources exclusively for irrigation date palms and to develop strict long-term water policies.
Characterization of the resistome and of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in top soil improvers and irrigation waters devoted to food production: a case-study from Italy
Authors: Gigliucci Federica , Barbieri Giorgia , Veyrunes Marie , Chiani Paola , Marra Manuela , Carollo Maria , Knijn Arnold , Brambilla Gianfranco , Morabito Stefano
Published: October 2024

Biosolids and reclaimed waters are seen as precious resources to reintroduce organic matter into soils used for agriculture and to reduce the water footprint of intensive agricultural food system. While the circular economy is a virtuous exercise, it cannot be excluded that the adoption of such a practice can introduce vulnerabilities in the food chain, by exposing crops to zoonotic agents and antimicrobial resistance determinants. This option is far from being a speculation and evidence start to accumulate indicating that the risk is tangible. In this work we add further evidence that the circular economy practices of reusing biomass and reclaimed waters in agricultural setting may be vectors for the spreading of antimicrobial resistance genes targeting molecules used to treat human bacterial infections and demonstrate that such genes, identified through metagenomics screening of these samples, are present into live bacterial organisms, harbouring multi drug resistance genes clusters. Moreover, we observed that most of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria identified belonged to species with an environmental diffusion, which were not supposed to be exposed to the antimicrobials, suggesting that inter-specie transfer occurred.
Gestational diabetes mellitus complicated by preeclampsia in the Czech Republic: A case case study
Authors: Bartáková Vendula , Chalásová Katarína , Pácal Lukáš , Ťápalová Veronika , Janků Petr , Kaňková Kateřina
Published: October 2024

Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE) are serious complications of pregnancy. In a proportion of women, they coexist; however, it is not entirely clear whether they share common pathophysiological mechanisms. The reported incidence of PE in the Czech Republic is about 4–6% and its overlap with GDM has not been studied yet. The aim of the study was (i) to determine the prevalence of PE in healthy pregnant women and GDM patients, (ii) to determine the prevalence of PE in a group of patients with GDM with persisting glucose intolerance (PGI) postpartum and (iii) to determine whether GDM patients with PE have a higher risk of obstetric complications than other subgroups.
Methods
The study included 861 women enrolled in the period 2013–2019 (409 healthy women and 452 women with GDM) with data about delivery available in 74.8% (n = 644). GDM was diagnosed according to IADPSG criteria, PE according to ISSHP criteria. Following peripartal parameters were evaluated: the necessity of induction, the length of labour (protracted birth), the use of the instruments during delivery (section, pliers, vacuum extractor), Apgar Score (pathology), the weight of the child (macrosomia). Patients with GDM were monitored at the Diabetology Centre of the University Hospital Brno until birth. Postpartum, 48.5% (n = 219) of GDM patients underwent repeated oGTT up to 1 year after delivery, of which 11.4% (n = 25) were confirmed as PGI (according to WHO criteria).
Results
PE was diagnosed in 4.6% (n = 19) controls and 10.4% (n = 47) GDM patients (P 0.022, Chi square test. Occurrence of PE was 20% in PGI group. The presence of PE also affected the course of birth - patients with PE more often have a (planned) Caesarean delivery and childbirth was more often prematured.
Conclusion
The incidence of PE in GDM patients was statistically significantly higher (approx. doubled) than in the control group (p = 0.022 Chi square) and PE negatively affected the course of birth. In patients with PGI after delivery, the occurrence of PE was very high and PE can be considered an independent risk factor for PGI.
Open-source shape optimization for isogeometric shells using FEniCS and OpenMDAO
Authors: Zhao Han , Hwang John T. , Chen J. S.
Published: October 2024

We present an open-source Python framework for the shape optimization of complex shell structures using isogeometric analysis (IGA). IGA seamlessly integrates computer-aided design (CAD) and analysis models by employing non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) as basis functions, enabling the natural implementation of the Kirchhoff–Love shell model due to their higher order of continuity. We leverage the recently developed FEniCS-based analysis framework , PENGoLINS, for the direct structural analysis of shell structures consisting of a collection of NURBS patches through a penalty-based formulation. This contribution introduces the open-source implementation of gradient-based shape optimization for isogeometric Kirchhoff–Love shells with a modular architecture. Complex shell structures with non-matching intersections are handled using a free-form deformation (FFD) approach and a moving intersections formulation. The symbolic differentiation and code generation capabilities in FEniCS are utilized to compute the analytical derivatives. By integrating FEniCS with OpenMDAO, we build modular components that facilitate gradient-based shape optimization of shell structures. The modular architecture in this work supports future extensions and integration with other disciplines and solvers, making it highly customizable and suitable for a wide range of applications. We validate the design-analysis-optimization workflow through several benchmark problems and demonstrate its application to aircraft wing design optimization. The framework is implemented in a Python library named GOLDFISH (Gradient-based Optimization and Large-scale Design Framework for Isogeometric SHells) and the source code will be maintained at https://github.com/hanzhao2020/GOLDFISH.
Role of Teriperatide in Osteoporotic Intertrochanteric Femoral Fracture: a randomized controlled experimental study
Authors: Chalana Ankit , Aggarwal Hari Om , Mehta Kshitij , Rehncy Jagdeep Singh , Singh Harmanpreet , Sahni Girish
Published: October 2024

Background: Despite recent advances in fracture fixation techniques, achieving favorable outcomes in osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures not only by reducing the fracture site but also by ensuring long-term reduction is still difficult for surgeons. Consequently, the interest of researchers has shifted toward establishing a holistic approach for managing such injuries. Teriparatide, a recombinant form of human parathyroid hormone, is a novel drug that has been proven to hasten fracture healing in both animals and humans. We attempted to evaluate the influence of teriparatide therapy in surgically fixed osteoporotic intertrochanteric femur fractures and provide the groundwork for further research in this area.
Methods: A total of 50 patients with established osteoporosis and intertrochanteric fractures were selected and divided into two groups: those who were managed surgically with proximal femur nailing and those who were prospectively compared. One group received teriparatide therapy in addition to standard treatment after providing the necessary consent, and the other group received calcium supplements alone. The results of both groups were prospectively compared. We investigated the effects of teriparatide on the time to fracture union, bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover marker (BTM) level and other fracture-related postoperative complications. Radiological union was assessed via the Radiographic Union Score for Hip (RUSH).
Results: All patients were followed up for 6 months, at which time all the fractures were united. However, in the teriparatide group, the time to fracture union significantly decreased by approximately 2 weeks, and the improvements in BMD and radiographic union were significantly greater.
Conclusion: Our prospective study revealed that early union and a significant increase in the number of BMD tips favor teriparatide therapy in osteoporotic patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures. However, well-designed clinical trials conducted in a similar vein are needed to support our claim.
Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000055856. Registered on 16-October-2024 – Retrospectively registered
https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000063836
GPX4 and FSP1, key ferroptosis regulators, are critical for T cell functions and CAR-T antitumor activity
Authors: Bajor Malgorzata , Kłopotowska Marta , Baranowska Iwona , Hajduk Szymon , Leśniowska Natalia , Jurga Anna , Granica Monika , Łaźniewski Michał , Krawczyk Marta , Dziewicka Milena , Graczyk Agnieszka , Zagożdżon Radosław , Plewczyński Dariusz , Winiarska Magdalena
Published: October 2024

Induction of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, holds promise as a strategy to overcome tumor resistance to conventional therapies and enhance immunotherapy responses. However, while the susceptibility of tumor cells to ferroptosis is extensively studied, limited data exists on the vulnerability of immune cells to disturbed iron balance and lipid peroxidation. Here, we found that T cell stimulation rewires iron and redox homeostasis and by increasing levels of reactive oxygen species and labile iron promotes lipid peroxidation and T cells’ ferroptosis. Upon stimulation, we detected substantial changes in the balance of ferroptosis-suppressive proteins, including GPX4 decrease and increase of FSP1, a phenomenon never described before. Subsequently, we identified GPX4 as a master regulator orchestrating T/CAR-T cells’ sensitivity to ferroptosis and demonstrated that GPX4 inhibitors impair T/CAR-T cells’ functions. Surprisingly, we observed that FSP1 regulates T cell antitumor activity independently of its ferroptosis-suppressive function. Specifically, FSP1 inhibition decreased oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ATP production, reduced the amount of perforin and cytokines produced by T cells, and suppressed their proliferation. Altogether, our study for the first time indicates that GPX4 and FSP1, key regulators of ferroptosis, are critical for the antitumor cytotoxic potential of T/CAR-T cells. From our study FSP1 also emerges as a novel metabolic regulator in T cells, which inhibition profoundly affects T cells’ oxidative phosphorylation. Our findings are not only significant to understand metabolic vulnerabilities of T cells but may also hold particular significance from the standpoint of therapeutic development. In the context of our results, future anticancer therapies should be carefully designed to selectively induce ferroptosis of tumor cells without impeding cytotoxic cells’ antitumor efficacy.
Integrating transcriptome, physiological, and biochemical studies revealing the role of endogenous ABA and GA 3 in the germination of quinoa seed
Authors: Gao Ya , Zheng Chunmei , Ge Wenxuan , Li Xueying , Wang Xiuzhang , Sun Wenjun , Sun Yanxia , Wu Xiaoyong
Published: October 2024

Background
Seed germination, including variations in internal physiological and biochemical indicators, as well as gene expression, has been extensively studied in various plant species. However, there is a lack of significant research attention on the germination mechanisms of quinoa. This study investigated the levels of starch, total amylase, soluble sugars, soluble proteins, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, as well as hormones including ABA and GA3 during the germination of quinoa seeds. Additionally, enzymatic activities involved in the synthesis and metabolism of ABA and GAs were measured, and transcriptional data at 4 h and 12 h were analyzed to elucidate the internal physiological changes occurring during quinoa germination.
Result
Physiological and biochemical indicators imply that the process of germination involves the enzymatic activity of amylase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch and sucrose. This enzymatic action leads to an increase in the concentrations of soluble sugars, proteins, maltose, and glucose. The enzymes NCED, ZEP, and AAO are involved in the regulation of ABA synthesis, whereas GA3 levels are modulated by the coordinated activity of GA20ox, GA3ox, and GA2ox. Quinoa seeds exhibit insensitivity to ABA, while GA3 plays a significant role in promoting seed germination. Transcriptome revealed upregulation of starch and sucrose metabolism and the EMP pathway and TCA cycle were enhanced during seed germination. This study identified 15 crucial genes related to ABA, GAs, starch/sucrose metabolism, and EMP pathway in quinoa germination, via integrated analysis of differential expression, annotations, correlation, and indicator content.
Conclusion
This study investigated the dynamic changes in physiological, biochemical, and energy metabolism indicators during quinoa seed germination by measuring these indicators in conjunction with ABA, GA3, and transcriptome analysis. Key genes involved in the regulation of quinoa seed germination were identified. The findings provide a foundational theoretical framework for understanding the intrinsic mechanisms underlying quinoa germination and preharvest sprouting.
Observation of string-breaking dynamics in a quantum simulator
Authors: Monroe Christopher , De Arinjoy , Lerose Alessio , Luo De , Surace Federica , Schuckert Alexander , Bennewitz Elizabeth , Ware Brayden , Morong Will , Collins Katherine , Davoudi Zohreh , Gorshkov Alexey , Katz Or
Published: October 2024

The spontaneous formation of particle pairs is one of the most intriguing phenomena in nature. A canonical example is when the potential energy between two elementary particles increases with their separation, as if the particles were confined to one another by a tense string. When the separation exceeds a critical value, new particle pairs can form, which causes the string to break. String-breaking dynamics in quantum chromodynamics, the theory of the strong force, play a fundamental role in high-energy particle collisions and the evolution of matter in the early universe. Simulating the evolution of strings and the formation of composite particles, or hadrons, is a grand challenge of modern physics. Quantum simulators are well suited to study dynamical processes. They are, therefore, expected to provide an edge over conventional methods based on classical computing. However, the experimental capabilities required to simulate the string-breaking phenomenon have not yet been demonstrated, even for simpler prototypical models of the strong force. In this work, we probe, for the first time on a quantum simulator, the spatiotemporally-resolved dynamics of string breaking in a (1+1)-dimensional Z2 lattice gauge theory, a theory that also exhibits confinement of charges. We employ a fully programmable trapped-ion quantum simulator, and emulate the effects of external static charges and strings via site-dependent control of magnetic fields, using a dual array of tightly focused laser beams targeting individual ions. First, we study the effect of confinement on the evolution of isolated charges. We find that these charges freely spread in the absence of string tension, but exhibit localized coherent oscillations as the string tension is increased. Then, we observe and characterize the breaking dynamics of a string initially stretched between two static charges, following an abrupt increase of the string tension. We find that charge pairs appear near the string edges and then spread out into the bulk, thereby identifying a route to dynamical string breaking that is distinct from the conventional Schwinger mechanism. This work, therefore, demonstrates that analog quantum simulators have achieved the control needed to uncover features of string-breaking dynamics, which may ultimately be relevant to nuclear and high-energy physics.
Influence of ions on rock surface wettability in carbonate reservoir smart water flooding
Authors: MENG Ying , HE Yuting
Published: October 2024

This study analyzes the effects of different ions on the wettability of carbonate rock surfaces during low-salinity water flooding, using core flooding experiments, contact angle measurements, and potential tests. The results indicate that reducing the salinity of injection water can effectively improve the recovery of alkaline crude oil. Ion concentration significantly impacts the wettability of carbonate rocks, with Mg2+ and SO42− showing the most substantial effect on contact angle under low salinity conditions, markedly enhancing oil-wet characteristics. Although Ca2+ does not regulate wettability as effectively as the combination of Mg2+ and SO42−, it still promotes contact angle adjustment to some extent, particularly exhibiting notable wettability modulation at specific concentrations. Na+, by contrast, has the weakest effect on wettability. Changes in ion concentrations result in variations in the surface potential of carbonate rocks, which, in turn, influence the adsorption strength of alkaline components, thereby modulating wettability. Under low-salinity water flooding conditions, Mg2+ and Ca2+ can increase surface potential, enhancing the adsorption of oil-phase components, while SO42− promotes the transition of the rock surface toward a more water-wet state by reducing potential. The study concludes that, in terms of enhancing the wettability of carbonate rock surfaces, the ions' influence strength ranks as follows: Mg2+ > SO42− (coexisting with Mg2+) > Ca2+ > SO42− (alone) > Na+. This research provides new theoretical foundations and experimental data to support the development of smart water flooding in carbonate reservoirs.
Vegetative and reproductive phenology of dominant mangrove species: A multi-parametric approach from Indian Sundarbans
Authors: Chakrabarty Souparna , Chatterjee Tania , Gaine Tanushree , Chaudhuri Punarbasu
Published: October 2024

Phenology, the timing of different life cycle events of plants, like flushing of new leaves, shedding old leaves, flowering and fruiting are crucial for plant fitness. It is often evolutionarily adapted to maximising utilisation of abiotic conditions and biotic interactions. This study aims to provide first comprehensive report of spatiotemporal variation in phenology of twelve dominant mangrove species from two sites of Indian Sundarbans. Apart from timing, relationship between different phenological parameters; duration, intensity, synchrony etc. and their importance in explaining variation between species was also studied. Significant variation in timing of peak activity was observed for different plant species across all four phenophases. Apart from timing, other phenological parameters like, duration also varied among phenophases with fruiting showing the longest maturation period in mangroves. This in turn constrained the available timing of activity for other phases leading to synchronisation of early season flushing and flowering, enhancing inclusive fitness. Altogether, flushing peaked early in dry season, flowering peaked mid-season, and fruiting peaked during wet season. There was continuous variation, not only in timing, but other parameters like duration, intensity, and synchrony across phenophases that was comparable to those observed in other tropical mangrove communities. Although there was an overall difference in the timing of flushing, flowering, and fruiting, no differences between sites for each species were observed. This study provides significant insight into relationship between timing, and other phenology parameters which might help unravel life-history, and resource acquisition and utilisation strategies of plant species in this vulnerable mangrove communities.
A fuzzy yield model of the wheat inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis under future climate elevated CO 2
Authors: Sobrinho Renato Lustosa , Oliveira Bruno Rodrigues , Zuffo Alan Mario , Filho Marcelo Teixeira , Filho Aldir Carpes Marques , Zoz Tiago , Okla Mohammad K. , Alaraidh Ibrahim A. , Alwasel Yasmeen A. , Hamoud Yousef Alhaj , El‑Keblawy Ali , Sulieman Saad , Askri Amira , Alyafei Mohammed , Sheteiwy Mohamed S.
Published: October 2024

Background
Understanding the complex interactions between plants, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) is crucial for enhancing agricultural sustainability and productivity. This study explores the interplay between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), AMF inoculation, and eCO2 levels using the Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System (MFIS) that was employed to handle uncertainties in modeling plant responses to environmental changes. This study integrates fuzzy logic-based approaches to model the effects of elevated CO2 levels on wheat productivity. The goal was to explore the relationship between CO2 levels, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) inoculation, and wheat yield.
Results
Statistical analyses revealed significant impacts of both eCO2 and AMF inoculation on various measures of wheat productivity, highlighting the potential synergistic effects of these factors. The MFIS models effectively captured the complexities of environmental stimuli, offering valuable insights into plant-microbe-environment interactions. Despite limitations in sample size, the models provided a robust framework for understanding agroecosystem dynamics.
Conclusion
This study underscores the importance of integrating fuzzy logic-based approaches into agricultural management strategies to optimize crop yields while minimizing environmental impacts. The findings encourage further research into refining experimental designs and expanding datasets to enhance our understanding of plant responses to changing environmental conditions.
Sources, Mobility, and Accumulation of Major and Trace Elements in Sediments: Implications for Environmental Quality and Management of an Urbanized Tropical Lake (Brasília, Brazil)
Authors: Oliveira E. S. , Garnier J. , Araújo D. F. , Mulholland D. S. , Roig H. , Dias-Roque D. F. , Tonha M. S. , Cicerelli R. E. , Koide S. , Bonnet M. P , Seyler P.
Published: October 2024

The quality of aquatic ecosystems can be significantly impacted by the input of nutrients and trace elements. Identifying the sources and bioavailability of these components is crucial for understanding their cycling and assessing the environmental effects in lakes subjected to increased anthropogenic pressure, such as Lake Paranoá, a man-made reservoir in Brasília, Brazil. This study explores the spatial distribution and geochemical partitioning of sedimentary nutrients and metals in Lago Paranoá, aiming to pinpoint their origins and behaviors. The sediment distribution patterns in Lago Paranoá reflect the lake’s hydrodynamics, including water currents and proximity to material sources. Human-induced erosion due to urban expansion contributes to the influx of terrigenous and anthropogenic compounds into the lake. Our findings indicate that Ca, Mg, P, and Zn are associated with anthropogenic sources, likely from domestic sewage discharge and/or leaching from construction activities. Notably, sediments near the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) show elevated concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, and Zn, identifying the WWTP as a key source. Additionally, the high levels of P, Mn, and Zn in weakly acidic phases suggest these elements may readily desorb from sediments, potentially migrating into the water column during early diagenetic processes. This study provides essential insights for evaluating the potential impacts of the upcoming sediment dredging project in Lago Paranoá.
A novel approach using the local sketch and its variations for image retrieval in education
Authors: Quang Thien Le , Tran Anh Dat , Nguyen Huu Quynh
Published: October 2024

In the field of education, retrieving student information from classrooms is extremely important. While textual data such as dates and class schedules are commonly used for information retrieval tasks, the use of camera footage in classrooms is also widespread. However, image retrieval, particularly using sketches, is a new and complex technology. In this paper, we develop a sketch-based image retrieval system to extract information from classroom cameras. The final results allow for precise retrieval previously unattainable, enabling users to make increasingly detailed queries and incorporate attributes such as color and contextual hints from the sketches. To achieve this, we introduce a new framework that effectively integrates sketch images using pre-trained CLIP models, eliminating the need for detailed sketch descriptions. Lastly, our system extends to include sketch-based image retrieval applications, domain attribute transformation, and detailed image generation, offering solutions for various real-world scenarios.
PM2.5-O3 Causal Relationship and Influencing Factors Analysis in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of China, 2015-2024 Based on Convergent Cross-Mapping Methods
Authors: You Hongen , Zheng Yige
Published: October 2024

In order to understand the relationship between PM2.5 and O3 interactions and the influencing factors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, this paper analyses the air quality data of 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in the past 10 years (2015–2024) using the Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM) method. The results show that the dynamic system of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has obvious nonlinear and weak coupling characteristics. At the significance level of 0.1, most of the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region showed significant unidirectional or bidirectional causal relationships between PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in all seasons, and the results of the CCM test showed that the causal relationships and correlations between PM2.5 and O3 concentrations were influenced by meteorological factors, weather phenomena, human activities, regional transport, and the interaction mechanism between the two, and the seasonal variations were significant: the lowest number in spring, the highest in winter, and the lowest correlation in spring, the highest in winter and autumn; the number and correlation of causality peak in autumn and winter when PM2.5 concentration is higher; and the two pollutants have different causality in different seasons in some cities.
The Efficacy of Home-Based Exercise in Parkinson Patients compared to center-based exercise regarding the Motor and Non Motor Functions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Hammad ELsayed Mohamed , Ayoub Motasem , Zidan Taha Abdelhammed , Elgendy Mena Ayman Abdelmonem Mohamed Elgendy Ayman Abdelmonem Moham , Rady Ahmed Hassan A. , Khan Muhammad Hamza , Mohamed Shrouk F , Elboraay Toka , Abdulnabi Abdullah Shaban , youssef Abdelrahman R. , Zabady Ahmed Hamdy , Eltelt Ahmed M. , Mohamed Mohamed I. , Alshamaly Nesreen Fares , Khalafallah Mohamed Abdo , Rageh Omar ElSayed , Organization Neurolab
Published: October 2024

Introduction:Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease behind Alzheimer's disease (AD), with an overall prevalence of 300 per 100,000. It is characterized by several motor symptoms, including rhythmic tremors, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity, and postural instability and falls.
Despite this, there is still a lack of knowledge on whether home-based exercises can effectively prevent the risk of falls in Parkinson's patients. We are conducting a study to summarize and highlight the latest findings on the effectiveness of home-based exercise in Parkinson's disease.
Background: To study the efficacy of home based exercise compared to control for Parkinson’s disease.
Methods: PubMed was systematically searched from inception to may 3, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of home based exercise in Parkinson’s disease were included. The extracted data were transformed and pooled using a random effects model. 33 studies were included in the quantitative analysis.
Results: Pooled analysis demonstrated that exercise significantly improved Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 (-0.29; 95% CI: -0.49, -0.09) compared to the control. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the exercise group and the control group for Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part-III (UPDRS) (-0.26; 95% CI: -0.54, 0.01), Timed up and go test (TUG) (-0.26; 95% CI: -0.70, 0.18), Berg Balance Scale (-0.70; 95% CI: -1.69, 0.28), 6-minute walking test (0.15; 95% CI: -0.12, 0.42), step cadence (0.54; 95% CI: -0.80, 1.88), gait (0.54; 95% CI: -0.02, 1.11), self-reported falls (-0.88; 95% CI: -2.77, 1.02), Geriatric depression scale (-0.44; 95% CI: -1.06, 0.18), MMSE (mini-mental state examination) (-0.11; 95% CI: -0.32, 0.10), and MOCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) (-0.06; 95% CI: -0.26, 0.14).
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that exercise is effective in Parkinson’s disease. However, future research is warranted to substantiate our findings and investigating the motor symptoms more.
Impact of Reactor Architecture on Thermal Management and Hydrogen Discharge from LaNi 5 -H 2 Metal Hydride Beds Engineered with Phase Change Material
Authors: Chibani Atef , Merouani Slimane , Boucetta Chahrazed , Boukhari Ali , Keddouda Abdelhak , Badji Riad , Gouga Samir , Lamiri Leila
Published: October 2024

The performance of solid-state hydrogen storage devices is critically influenced by the design of the heat exchanger. This study explores various reactor designs, incorporating different configurations of phase change material (PCM) within the reactor walls to optimize thermal management. A CFD-based model, implemented in ANSYS Fluent, was utilized to simulate heat and mass transport during hydrogen discharge from a LaNi5-H2 metal hydride vessel. The simulations focused on parameters such as temperature distribution, melt fraction, enthalpy, and heat exchange efficiency, including key metrics like heat transfer area and Nusselt number. Among the configurations tested, the design with PCM placed laterally alongside the metal hydride exhibited superior performance, leading to faster heat dissipation and more efficient hydrogen discharge. This optimal design enabled complete hydrogen desorption within approximately 2 hours, compared to 3 to 4 hours for other structures, making it suitable for industrial-scale applications. Moreover, the PCM not only contributed to effective heat transfer but also played a crucial role in regulating the thermal dynamics of the system, ensuring a more controlled and efficient hydrogen release process.
The role of MEGF10 in myoblast fusion and hypertrophic response to overload of skeletal muscle
Authors: Richardson Louise , Hughes Ruth , Johnson Colin A , Egginton Stuart , Peckham Michelle
Published: October 2024

Biallelic mutations in multiple EGF domain protein 10 (MEGF10) gene cause EMARDD (early myopathy, areflexia, respiratory distress and dysphagia) in humans, a severe recessive myopathy, associated with reduced numbers of PAX7 positive satellite cells. To better understand the role of MEGF10 in satellite cells, we overexpressed human MEGF10 in mouse H-2kb-tsA58 myoblasts and found that it inhibited fusion. Addition of purified extracellular domains of human MEGF10, with (ECD) or without (EGF) the N-terminal EMI domain to H-2kb-tsA58 myoblasts, showed that the ECD was more effective at reducing myoblast adhesion and fusion by day 7 of differentiation, yet promoted adhesion of myoblasts to non-adhesive surfaces, highlighting the importance of the EMI domain in these behaviours. We additionally tested the role of Megf10 in vivo using transgenic mice with reduced (Megf10+/−) or no (Megf10−/−) Megf10. We found that the extensor digitorum longus muscle had fewer Pax7 positive satellite cell nuclei and was less able to undergo hypertrophy in response to muscle overload concomitant with a lower level of satellite cell activation. Taken together, our data suggest that MEGF10 may promote satellite cell adhesion and survival and prevent premature fusion helping to explain its role in EMARDD.
A Robust Deep Learning System for Motor Bearing Fault Detection: Leveraging Multiple Learning Strategies and a Novel Double Loss Function
Authors: Tran Khoa , Pham Lam , Nguyen Vy-Rin , Nguyen Ho-Si-Hung
Published: October 2024

Motor bearing fault detection (MBFD) is vital for ensuring the reliability and efficiency of industrial machinery. Identifying faults early can prevent system breakdowns, reduce maintenance costs, and minimize downtime. This paper presents an advanced MBFD system using deep learning, integrating multiple training approaches: supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised learning to improve fault classification accuracy. A novel double-loss function further enhances the model’s performance by refining feature extraction from vibration signals. Our approach is rigorously tested on well-known datasets: the American Society for Mechanical Failure Prevention Technology (MFPT), Case Western Reserve University Bearing Data Center (CWRU), and Paderborn University's Condition Monitoring of Bearing Damage in Electromechanical Drive Systems (PU). Results indicate that the proposed deep learning method outperforms traditional machine learning models, achieving high accuracy across all datasets. These findings underline the potential for applying deep learning in MBFD, providing a robust solution for predictive maintenance in industrial settings and supporting proactive management of machinery health.
Small rodent disturbance impact on Arctic graminoid forage quality.
Authors: Celis Gerardo , Bråthen Kari Anne , Ehrich Dorothee , Paine Oliver , Sponheimer Matt , Heskel Mary , Soininen Eeva , Ungar Peter
Published: October 2024

Arctic rodents influence tundra plant communities by altering species diversity, structure, and nutrient dynamics. These dynamics are intensified during rodent population peaks. Plants are known to induce defenses in response to rodent herbivory. However, changes in plant tissue digestibility may also play a role in deterring rodents or impacting their survival. This study presents a first look at the impacts of rodent herbivory on crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of three of the most common graminoid species (Calamagrostis sp., Carex nigra and Deschampsia cespitosa) in the tundra meadows of the Varanger Peninsula, Norway. We selected 32 experimental plots representing both rodent-disturbed and adjacent, undisturbed control graminoid patches. During a rodent population peak, the disturbed plots had higher ADF (28.5%) values than less disturbed ones (26.6%), controlling for plant species. We also found differences between species, with Carex nigra having the lowest fiber content (24.3%, ADF) and highest protein content (18.2% CP) – making it the most palatable species. These results show that rodent activity can potentially alter plant food quality, suggesting that increased fiber content may be a defensive adaptation against herbivory.
Association between Social Interaction and Depressive Symptoms among Middle-aged and Elderly Adults in China: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
Authors: MPH Huang Zhipeng. , Zuxun Lu , Wang Peigang , Wang Chao
Published: October 2024

Objective
To explore the effect of social interaction on depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly adults in China.
Methods
Data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed. Participants were divided into social interaction and non-social interaction groups. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance confounding factors, and the average treatment effect (ATT) of social interaction on depressive symptoms was estimated. Binary logistic regression analyzed influencing factors.
Results
A total of 14,741 subjects (76.26%) were included; 9,869 (66.91%) participated in social interaction, and 5,593 (37.94%) had depressive symptoms. After PSM, social interaction significantly negatively affected depressive symptoms (ATT=-0.04, P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression revealed that those with social interaction had a lower risk of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.87, P < 0.05), particularly males (OR = 0.53, P < 0.05). However, older age (60–69: OR = 1.20; 70–79: OR = 1.24), poorer self-rated health (general: OR = 2.20; poor: OR = 4.48; very poor: OR = 7.70), lower satisfaction (general: OR = 1.67; dissatisfaction: OR = 8.10), and infrequent meetings with children (every six months: OR = 1.20; less than half a year: OR = 1.27) were associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults have a high risk of depressive symptoms, and social interaction significantly reduces this risk. Promoting social interaction and mental health initiatives can improve the health of middle-aged and elderly individuals.
Observation of string breaking on a (2+1)D Rydberg quantum simulator
Authors: Bylinskii Alexei , Gonzalez-Cuadra Daniel , Hamdan Majd , Zache Torsten , Braverman Boris , Kornjaca Milan , Lukin Alexander , Cantu Sergio , Liu Fangli , Wang Shengtao , Keesling Alexander , Lukin Mikhail , Zoller Peter
Published: October 2024

Lattice gauge theories (LGTs) describe a broad range of phenomena in condensed matter and par11 ticle physics. A prominent example is confinement, responsible for bounding quarks inside hadrons such as protons or neutrons [1]. When quark-antiquark pairs are separated, the energy stored in the string of gluon fields connecting them grows linearly with their distance, until there is enough energy to create new pairs from the vacuum and break the string. While such phenomena are ubiquitous in LGTs, simulating the resulting dynamics is a challenging task [2]. Here, we report the observation of string breaking in synthetic quantum matter using a programmable quantum simulator based on neutral atom arrays [3–5]. We show that a (2+1)D LGT with dynamical matter can be efficiently implemented when the atoms are placed on a Kagome geometry [6], with a local U(1) symmetry emerging from the Rydberg blockade [7], while long-range Rydberg interactions naturally give rise to a linear confining potential for a pair of charges, allowing us to tune both their masses as well as the string tension. We experimentally map out the corresponding phase diagram by adiabatically preparing the ground state of the atom array in the presence of defects, and observe substructure of the confined phase, distinguishing regions dominated by fluctuating strings or by broken string con24 figurations. Finally, by harnessing local control over the atomic detuning, we quench string states and observe string breaking dynamics exhibiting a many-body resonance phenomenon. Our work paves a way to explore phenomena in high-energy physics using programmable quantum simulators.