bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices and Financial Sustainability of Listed Consumer Goods Firm in Nigeria
Authors: A. Anisulowo, Temitope , A. Sofayo, Abiola , O. Anthony, Boluwatife , O. Sanni, Christian , S. Onasanya, Olalekan , M. Adeleke, Adebisi
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The significance of sustainable supply chain management practice to the financial sustainability necessitated this study which aimed to evaluate the effects of sustainable supply chain management practices on financial sustainability of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. In the course of the study, the primary objectives of the study were to determine the effect of supplier relationship management on the financial sustainability of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria and to evaluate the effect of lean supply chain practices on the financial sustainability of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria.
Methodology: The population of this study comprised of all the twenty-one (21) listed consumer goods firms under Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX). The sample for this study comprised of forty (40) respondents selected from each of the three chosen consumer goods companies, totaling One hundred and twenty (120) respondents. The study adopted both purposive and stratified random sampling techniques. Primary data was collected through electronic questionnaires distributed via Google Forms. Descriptive statistical tools, including measures of central tendency such as mean, and measures of variability such as standard deviation, was employed for data analysis.
Findings: The result of the analysis reveal that: (i) with the result of hypothesis one; the results revealed that F-statistics stands at 3.478 with a p-value < than 0.05 at 0.033. This implies that the positive effect of supplier relationship management on financial sustainability of listed consumer gods firms is significant. (ii) For hypotheses two, the results revealed that F-statistics stands at 3.133 with a p-value < than 0.05 at 0.04. This implies that the positive effect of lean supply chain practices on financial sustainability of listed consumer gods firms is significant.
Originality/ Value: No research was found regarding the sustainable supply chain management practices and financial sustainability during the time period of 2024.
Conclusion and Recommendations: The study concluded that sustainable supply chain management practices enhance financial sustainability of consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study recommended that firms should prioritize building strong relationships with suppliers, integrate sustainability considerations into their operations, implement lean supply chain practices, strengthen internal controls to mitigate fraud risk, invest in employee training, foster collaboration and knowledge sharing, and regularly monitor and evaluate performance.
Effects of Vitamin C on Aluminum Chloride- Induced Neurotoxicity on the Hippocampal Cortex of Adult Wistar Male Rats
Authors: Offiong Innocent Effiom , Ajibade Adeshina John , Ojo Foluso Olamide , David Kehinde Busuyi , Pelumi Folorunso Kolade
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Vitamin C on aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)- induced brain damage, focusing on behavioral, biochemical, and histomorphological outcomes in a rodent model.
Study Design: A total of 42 healthy male rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control, AlCl₃ -only, and AlCl₃ plus Vitamin C (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg). The AlCl₃ groups received daily doses of AlCl₃, while the Vitamin C groups received concurrent Vitamin C supplementation.
Methodology: Body weight, behavioral changes, biochemical markers of oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, GSH), and inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6) were assessed. Histomorphological analysis of the hippocampus was performed to evaluate structural damage. Behavioral assessments included locomotor and exploratory activity tests. Biochemical analyses measured oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities.
Results: AlCl₃ administration resulted in significant body weight loss, increased oxidative stress (elevated MDA, and SOD levels), and heightened inflammation (elevated TNF-α and IL-6). Behavioral tests showed increased excitatory activities, and increased anxiety levels as seen in increased rearing and grooming activities. Histomorphological examination revealed significant hippocampal damages as seen in the pale staining, shrunken pyramidal cells. Vitamin C co- administration mitigated these adverse effects, demonstrating reduced body weight loss, lower oxidative stress, decreased inflammation, and improved behavioral performance. Histological analysis indicated less hippocampal damage in the Vitamin C treated groups.
Conclusion: As an antioxidant, Vitamin C effectively attenuates the neurotoxic effects of AlCl₃ by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and by protecting the hippocampal cellular integrity. These findings suggest that Vitamin C holds potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating neurotoxicity induced by aluminum compounds.
A Generalized Suja Distribution with Application to Lifetime Data
Authors: Enogwe Samuel U. , Atuejide Christiana O. , Oguba Chinonye E. , Ugwuoke Paul C.
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces a generalized Suja distribution called the Kumaraswamy-Suja (KW-Suja) distribution using the Kumaraswamy generator. The proposed distribution has Suja distribution as a special case. Some statistical and reliability properties of the new distribution were derived and the method of maximum likelihood was employed for estimating the model parameters. The usefulness and flexibility of the KW-Suja distribution were illustrated with a real lifetime data. Results based on the log-likelihood and goodness of fit statistics values showed that the KW-Suja distribution provides a better fit to the data than the other competing distributions considered in this study. The KW-Suja distribution is therefore recommended for effective modelling of the unimodal or bimodal continuous lifetime data with non-decreasing shape and bathtub-shaped failure rate.
Yield and Quality of Some Sugarcane Varieties as Affected by Row and Hill Spacing of Seedlings
Authors: Ali Ahmed, M.K. , Gadallah Ahmed, F.I. , Al-Maracy Sherin, H.A.
Published: October 2024

The study was conducted in 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 seasons at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station (latitude of 26 33° N and longitude of 31 41°E), Sohag Governorate, Egypt on a plant-cane grown and its 1st ratoon seasons. The main objective was to assess the advantage of growing some sugarcane varieties, using seedlings instead of cane cuttings, on their yield and quality. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split-plot arrangement with three replications (r=3). Analysis was carried out using the computer "MSTAT-c", Eighteen treatments were applied, comprising  combinations of three sugarcane varieties: Giza 2004-27 (commercially called G-4), Giza 2003-47, (G-3) and the commercial cultivar G.T.54-9 (C9 as a chek], These varieties were assigned to the main plots, while nine combinations of two row spaces (100 and 120 cm) and three hill spaces for cane transplants (30, 40, and 50 cm) were randomly allocated in the sub plots. Results showed that the tested sugarcane varieties varied significantly in stalk height, diameter and number of millable canes/fed, stalk weight kg/plant, cane and sugar yields (tons/fed), brix, sucrose, purity and sugar recovery percentages in both seasons. Sugarcane G.2004-27 variety exhibited the superiority in stalk weight (kg/plant) and cane yield while, sugarcane G.2003-47 showed a significant superiority in the brix, sucrose, and purity and sugar recovery percentages in both seasons. Data show that increasing row spacing from 100 to 120 and hill space 30, 40 to 50 cm significantly on stalk height, diameter and number of millable canes/fed, stalk weight kg/plant, cane and sugar yields (tons/fed), brix, sucrose, purity and sugar recovery percentages in both seasons. Under conditions of the present work, growing promising sugarcane variety G. 2004-27 in rows of 100 cm apart with 30 cm seedlings can be recommended to get the maximum cane yield/fed, this is due to its superiority over the other two varieties in number of millable canes/fed and stalk weight kg/plant  under Sohag Governorate.
Influence of Nipping and Hormonal Spray on Growth Parameters and Seed Yield in Cowpea Variety (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Kumar Nikhil , Syed Mousmi , Pandey Santosh , Valmik Ashish
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted to know the influence of nipping and hormonal sprays on growth and seed yield of cowpea variety at the Organic Research Farm (HRF), Karguanji, Department of Seed Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.) India. In the present experiment, days to 50 percent flowering and no. of leaves at 30 DAS  was  not  influenced  by  the  combined  effect  of  nipping  and  foliar  sprays  but  the plant height, number of branches, number of leaves at 60 DAS and at harvest and dry matter  production  at  various  stages  was  influenced.  The  plant  height  was  relatively more  at  all  the  stages  of  growth  in  non nipped  plants  with  all  the  hormonal  sprays GA350  ppm  (N1H3),  while  number  of  leaves  were  more  at  60  DAS  and  at  harvest, number of branches per plant at all stage and  dry  matter  at  harvest were  more  in  nipping  at tendril stage combined to 1000 ppm lihocin spray (N2H2).The  various  seed  yield  traits  were  also  higher  in nipping  at  tendril  stage and sprayed  with  growth  hormones  lihocin  1000  ppm  (H2N2). The present  investigation has  indicated  a  relatively  more  beneficial  influence  of  both  nipping  and  hormonal spray  on  number  of  pods  per  plant,  pod  length,  number  of  seeds per pod, pod wt. per plant, seed yield per plant and seed yield per hectare.
Fertilizer Micro-dosing: Evaluating the Yield Response of Sorghum to Different Levels of Fertilizers Applied on the Planting Pit at Mereb-Lekhe District
Authors: Berhe Tewolde , Tadele Tsadiki , Kahsu Geberesemaeti , Tekulu Kinfe , Gebrehiwet Weldegebrel , Tasew Gidena , Gebremedhin Aklilu
Published: October 2024

Next to drought, poor soil fertility is the single major cause of crops nutrient starvation in Tigray specifically at Mereb-lekhe district. Farmers of the study area use different organic and inorganic fertilizers separately and in combination to overcome soil fertility problems for sorghum production. However, the pace of sorghum production stays constant and occasionally decreases with time. Fertilizer efficiency; the type, rate and method of fertilizer application they use were thought to be the reasons for the steady or declining sorghum production. Hence, this study was initiated to determine the yield response of sorghum to microdose fertilizer application. The experiment was set in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were; farmers’ practice or blanket recommended nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) (50kg ha-1 Urea & 100 kg ha-1 DAP), recommended compost at a rate of 7ton ha-1, 75% of recommended NP, 50% of recommended NP, 25% of recommended NP, 75% recommended NP+25% recommended compost, 50% recommended NP+50% recommended compost and 25% recommended NP+75% recommended compost. All treatments were applied with microdosing method except the recommended N and P is broadcasting method. The highest sorghum grain yield (4201 kg ha-1) and straw yield (19107 kg ha-1) were obtained from treatment recommended compost at a rate of 7 ton/ha and 50% recommended NP+50% recommended compost, respectively. This study showed that combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer gave a better economic advantage for sorghum crop. Hence, it could be concluded that use of compost at a rate of 7 ton ha-1 and the 75% recommended N and P could increase production and productivity of sorghum by the application of micro dosing than broadcasting method.
Successful Coronary Interventions with the Ingenious Vector\(\circledR\) Balloon in Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO): A Preliminary Study
Authors: Shah Bhavik S. , Kumar Dhiraj , Mahajan Ajay U.
Published: October 2024

Aims: To assess the safety and plausibility of successful coronary interventions in Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) with the innovative Vector\(\circledR\) balloon through balloon-assisted crossing technique.
Study Design: Observational, prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth G. S. Medical College, Mumbai. The study was carried out between the months of March and June, 2024.
Methodology: A total of 20 patients were included in the study. All patients with chronic coronary syndrome were being planned for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) for CTO. During PCI, the standard protocol of intervening CTO lesions was followed. When the operator was not able to cross the lesion with standard CTO guidewires, Vector\(\circledR\) balloon-assisted crossing was planned. This technique was used in a total of seven (35%) patents. Success was defined as the possibility of advancing the guidewire further to the target lesion and being able to deploy a drug eluting stent. Safety was assessed as reporting complications like kinking or rupture of the balloon shaft, loss of balloon inside the guide or the coronary artery and the balloon burst rate after inflation exceeding the Rated Burst Pressure (RBP) according to the manufacturer’s reference table. 
Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.1 ± 3.6 years. The balloon-assisted crossing was successful in all seven patients. The most commonly used diameter of the balloon was 1.25 mm (42.85%).
Conclusion: The novel Vector\(\circledR\) balloon catheter showed excellent result when deployed to treat the CTO after the usual strategy of guidewire escalation had failed. The proximal shaft with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating brings the flexibility to navigate complex and tortuous vascular pathways with ease due to its laser welded core-wire. A study with a larger sample size and a comparator arm would rather clarify if such a balloon-assisted crossing technique in CTO would decrease the need of costly devices like double lumen microcatheters.
Physico-chemical Characteristics of Millet Based Muffins during Storage
Authors: Swarup Vini K. , Das Anamika , Gautam Priyae Brath , Peter Shanta , Yadav Gaurav
Published: October 2024

Millets are excellent source of protein, minerals and dietary fibers, and therefore they can be supplemented in bakery products and plays a therapeutic role in human health. The present study is aimed at optimizing the level of pearl millet, finger millet and little millet flours for preparation of muffins. In the present study, pearl millet, finger millet and little millet flour was used at the rate of 10%, 20% and 10% respectively for treatment S1and for treatment S2, pearl millet, finger millet and little millet flour % was 10%, 15% and 15% respectively. For treatment S3, pearl millet, finger millet and little millet flour content was 10%, 10% and 20% respectively. Control samples were prepared using wheat flour in treatment S0. And after, the formulation of the samples, all the muffins were undertaken for proximate composition. The standardization of samples were done based on sensory scores. The results showed that samples of S1 treatment scored highest in color, texture and overall acceptability in organoleptic evaluation. Therefore, S1 sample was optimized and was further kept for storage studies. The moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrate and ash % was found to be 22.20, 18.21, 12.64, 45.23 and 1.94% respectively in muffin sample of S1 treatment which was considered as the standardized product. And after, the samples of S1 treatment were subjected to storage studies at room temperature, it was found that the muffin samples remained acceptable up to 60 days of storage as there was no microbial spoilage found on the product.
Kinetics of Chlorophyll Degradation in Malabar Spinach (Basellae alba) and Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare) during Hydrothermal Processing
Authors: Ojo Moses Ayodele , Olajire Ajeigbe , Adeoye A. Olusegun , Adejuyitan J. Akinkunmi , Odedeji I. Folaji
Published: October 2024

Hydrothermal processing of vegetables often results in a number of changes including degradation of chlorophyll, the green plant pigment that is considered to be of therapeutic benefits. This study was aimed at investigating the kinetic degradation of chlorophyll in Malabar spinach (Basella alba) and waterleaf (Talinum triangulare) during hydrothermal processing. Freshly harvested leafy vegetables-- Malabar spinach and waterleaf, were obtained and subjected to various hydrothermal conditions (60, 65, 70, 75 and 80˚C at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes) simulating typical cooking conditions. The chlorophyll of the crushed leaf was extracted using acetone. Changes in chlorophyll was determined using spectrophotometric analysis and the kinetics of degradation for each of the vegetables were determined at varying temperatures and times. Kinetics analysis revealed that the degradation of chlorophyll in Malabar spinach and waterleaf followed the first order reaction. The rate constant obtained from the kinetic analysis provided insights into the reaction rates and allowed for the prediction of chlorophyll degradation during hydrothermal processing. The results showed that the lowest percentage decrease in chlorophyll concentration during the blanching process was obtained at 65˚C for 5 minutes for Malabar spinach and for waterleaf at 60˚C for 5 minutes. Blanching temperature and time have significant effects on degradation of chlorophyll of Malabar spinach and waterleaf which could consequently determine the economic value and overall degree of acceptability of the green leafy vegetables. The findings provide baseline against which future work can be compared and importance of maintaining quality of the vegetables during processing.
Research Progress and Challenges of Hydrogen-Ammonia Hybrid Fuel Engines
Authors: Shen Shaokai , Meng Jintao , Wang Jiaqi , Zhou Chunjian , Zhao Yusen
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we review the research status of hydrogen and ammonia engines, and discuss the potential of the two fuels as clean energy sources and their challenges. Hydrogen fuel has attracted attention due to its high energy density and zero-emission characteristics, but hydrogen fuel engines have problems such as increased nitrogen oxide emissions, tempering and early ignition. Ammonia fuel, as a carbon-free alternative fuel, has the advantage of being easy to store, but it is inferior to traditional fuels in combustion performance. This paper further analyzes the research progress of hydrogen/ammonia hybrid fuel engines, highlighting specific challenges such as optimizing the fuel mixture ratio, addressing safety concerns related to hydrogen's flammability and ammonia's toxicity, and overcoming technical difficulties in combustion control, points out the combustion support effect of hydrogen and the influence of ammonia on combustion rate, and discusses the advantages of hybrid fuel engines in emission control. Finally, this paper summarizes the current development trend of hydrogen/ammonia fuel engine technology and puts forward suggestions for future research directions.
Modulation of Tumor Suppressor Genes by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Kim Sung-Kun , Nightingale Nicol L. , Lee Kong K. , Ferlazzo Connor M. , Neff Lydia E. , Tripathy Jatindra N.
Published: October 2024

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutics for various cancers due to their ability to modulate gene expression profiles and restore normal cellular functions. Among the key targets of HDAC inhibitors are tumor suppressor genes, which play crucial roles in regulating cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and DNA repair. However, despite their therapeutic potential, HDAC inhibitors come with significant drawbacks. These include off-target effects that can lead to unintended alterations in gene expression, toxicity to normal cells, and the development of drug resistance in some cancer patients. Additionally, the non-specific nature of some HDAC inhibitors can result in side effects such as fatigue, gastrointestinal disturbances, and hematological toxicity, limiting their clinical utility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of HDAC inhibitors on tumor suppressor genes in cancer therapy. We discussed the mechanisms by which HDAC inhibitors regulate the expression of tumor suppressor genes, including p53, p21, BRCA1, PTEN, and others, through histone hyperacetylation and chromatin remodeling. Furthermore, we described the therapeutic implications of HDAC inhibitor-induced modulation of tumor suppressor genes in various cancer types, highlighting the potential for combination therapies and personalized treatment approaches. Understanding the interplay between HDAC inhibitors and tumor suppressor genes is critical for optimizing the efficacy of HDAC inhibitor-based therapies and advancing precision medicine in oncology.
Effect of Different Kharif Paddy Straw Management Options and Different Levels of Nitrogen on Soil Dehydrogenase and Urease Activity
Authors: K Navya. , R Uma Reddy. , A Krishna Chaitanya. , K. B Suneetha Devi.
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2020-21, at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Polasa, Jagtial, PJTSAU to study soil dehydrogenase and urease activity as influenced by different kharif paddy straw management options and nitrogen levels. The results reveal that dehydrogenase and urease activity of soil was significantly influenced by paddy straw management options and activity was increased with crop duration up to 60 DAT and decreased after harvest. Dehydrogenase activity was reduced after burning (1.93 mg TPF produced g-1 soil d-1) as compared to the initial values (2.34 mg TPF produced g-1 soil d-1). The highest dehydrogenase activity of 3.74 and 3.54 mg TPF produced g-1 soil d-1 was recorded at 60 DAT in paddy straw incorporation with phosphorus and incorporation without phosphorus and decreased to 3.36 and 3.03 mg TPF produced g-1 soil d-1 after harvest respectively. Soil urease activity was showed an increasing trend with crop duration up to 60 DAT and then declined. Maximum activity of 3.05, 4.84, 5.17 mg NH4+ released g-1 soil h-1 was observed at 60 DAT under paddy straw burning, paddy straw incorporation with phosphorus incorporation without phosphorus respectively. Paddy straw incorporation with phosphorus recorded higher urease activity and paddy straw burning recorded lower urease activity at all the intervals of crop growth. The effect of nitrogen levels on soil urease activity was found to be significant.  Soil urease was highest with 120% RDN followed by 115% RDN, followed by 110% RDN, followed by 100% RDN and the similar trend was observed at all the intervals of crop growth.
Monthly, Annual and Seasonal Changes in Temperature by Using Mann Kendall and Sen’s Slope Estimator in Karnataka, India
Authors: Rani Seedari Ujwala , Kumar Pramod , Singh Naveen P. , Kishore M. Ravi , Sunanda N. , Kumar M. Suresh , Rani N. Sri Vidya
Published: October 2024

The mean annual minimum temperature during the period 1979-2019 has increased significantly in Eastern dry zone, Southern dry zone and Southern transition zone to a cumulative of total of  0.010°C, 0.013°C and 0.08 °C respectively while it has decreased significantly in Hilly zone with a magnitude of  -0.032°C.  The annual maximum temperature significantly increased in North eastern transition zone (0.018°C), North eastern dry zone (0.017°C), Northern dry zone (0.014°C), Central dry zone (0.010°C), Eastern dry zone (0.011°C), Southern dry zone (0.013°C), Southern transition zone (0.016°), Northern transition zone (0.016°C) and Coastal zone (0.018°C). The hilly zone experienced a decrease in annual maximum temperature by-0.055°C. Therefore, it is evidential that, Karnataka is getting raised over the years. Researchers should develop crop varieties that are insensitive to temperature changes and scientist should develop packages of practices which will reduce adverse effect of fluctuations in climate parameters on crop productivity.
Impact of Eccentric Loading on the Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Pad Footings: An Experimental Study
Authors: Pius Michael Pevel , Olanitori Lekan Makanju , Olajide Olusola David
Published: October 2024

Setting out of building footings are usually carried out using profile board. This method is usually not accurate in locating the position of columns. Hence, columns that are designed as a concentric columns to their respective footings ends up being columns having eccentricities to the pad footings that supports them. Since the stress distribution under pad footing with concentric column is different from that of pad footing with eccentric column, there is need to study the effect of these eccentricity on the load carrying capacity of the pad footing. In carrying out this work, four pad footings and a typical foundation were used. The pad footings were of sizes 230 mm x 230 mm x 150 mm, with columns of 150 mm x 150 mm cross-section. The first pad footing P1SH was pad footing with short column and zero eccentricity, the second pad footing P2SL was pad footing with slender column and zero eccentricity, the third pad footing P3SL was footing with slender column with 40 mm eccentricity, while the forth pad footing P4SL was footing with slender column with 80 mm eccentricity. The foundation comprises of sand which was contained in a sandbox. The sandbox was made of steel plate of dimensions 0.3 m × 0.3 m × 0.2 m of 4 mm thickness, was used to provide support for the foundation. The foundation was produced by compacting loose sand in three layers with 20 blows per layer in the steel box and with density of about 735 kg/m3. The pad footings were placed on top of the foundation contained in the sandbox, and together were placed on the loading plate of Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Compressive load was applied on each of the pad footings through the columns till failure occurred, using UTM. It was found out that pad footing P1SH have the highest load capacity of 261.25 kN, P2SL pad footing with load capacity of 124.24 kN, P3SL pad footing with load capacity of 39.34 kN, while P4SL pad footing with load capacity of 23.30 kN.
Tourism Development, Regional Planning, and Poverty Alleviation: Insights from Bukit Lawang and Tangkahan, Langkat Regency
Authors: Amalia Asrini , Lubis Satia Negara , Kesuma Sinar Indra
Published: October 2024

This research aims to analyze the impact of tourism development on regional planning and poverty alleviation in the Bukit Lawang and Tangkahan tourist areas of Langkat Regency. Using a quantitative approach with associative methods, 150 respondents from local communities and regional officials were surveyed. Data were analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS software. The results indicate that while tourism development significantly influences regional planning, it does not directly contribute to poverty alleviation. Moreover, regional planning failed to mediate the relationship between tourism development and poverty reduction, likely due to bureaucratic inefficiencies and unequal resource distribution. The study suggests that while tourism holds potential for regional economic growth, its impact on poverty alleviation remains limited. Future research should explore additional variables, such as unemployment and social assistance, to better understand the factors that influence poverty reduction through tourism.
Matematik Öğretmen Adaylarının Matematiksel Modelleme Deneyimleri: Modelleme Döngüsü Aşamaları, Zorluklar ve Modelleme Rotaları
Authors: Şahal Muhammet , Özdemir Ahmet Şükrü
Published: October 2024

Matematiksel modelleme karmaşık gerçek yaşam problemlerinin çözümü için matematik eğitiminde öne çıkan araştırma alanlarından biridir. Çalışmanın amacı ortaokul matematik öğretmeni adaylarının hangi modelleme aşamalarını deneyimlediklerini, modelleme aşamalarında karşılaştıkları zorlukları ve modelleme döngülerinde ortaya çıkan rotaları incelemektir. Bu bağlamda durum çalışması ile yürütülen araştırmada yirmi bir ortaokul matematik öğretmeni adayı gruplar halinde üç modelleme problemi üzerinde çalışmıştır. Katılımcıların not defterlerinden, çözüm izleme şablonlarından, ses ve video kayıtlarından elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir ve “modelleme rotalarını” görünür kılan modelleme döngüsüne aktarılmıştır. Gruplarda ortaya çıkan modelleme rotalarının çoğu “düzensiz” ve “tamamlanmış” kategorisinde değerlendirilmiştir. Modelleme rotalarında öğretmen adaylarının “durumun zihinsel temsili”, “gerçek model oluşturma” ve “matematiksel çözüm/sonuç” aşamalarında başarılı oldukları görülmüştür. Modelleme döngülerinde en fazla atlanan aşamaların “matematiksel model”, “gerçek sonuçları yorumlama” ve “doğrulama” aşamaları olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca atlanan aşamalardan matematiksel “model aşamasına” dair öğretmen adaylarının zorluk yaşadıklarını belirttikleri görülürken; “gerçek sonuçları yorumlama” ve “doğrulama” aşamalarına dair zorluk yaşadıklarını belirten herhangi bir ifade görülmemiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçların öğretmen adaylarının eğitiminde matematiksel modelleme uygulamalarına ışık tutacağı ve karşılaşılan zorluklara ilişkin literatüre katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.
Desmoplastic Reaction in 3D‐Pancreatic Cancer Tissues Suppresses Molecular Permeability
Authors: Matsusaki Michiya , Komeda Misaki , Mura Simona , Tanaka Hiroyoshi Y. , Kano Mitsunobu R. , Couvreur Patrick , Akashi Mitsuru
Published: April 2017

The survival rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is still the lowest among all types of cancers, primarily as a consequence of an important desmoplastic reaction. Although the presence of thick stromal tissues in pancreatic tumors has been reported, in vivo animal studies do not enable a clear understanding of the crosstalk between cancer cells and fibroblasts. Accordingly, this paper reports the design and characterization of an in vitro pancreatic cancer–stromal 3D‐tissue model, which enhances the understanding of the interactions between cancer cells and fibroblasts and their influence on the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM). 3D‐tissue models comprising fibroblasts and pancreatic cancer cells (MiaPaCa‐2 cell line) or colon cancer cells (HT29 cell line, used as a control) show decreased molecular permeability with increased cancer cell ratios. The 3D‐MiaPaCa‐2 tissues display an increase in the secretion of collagen as a function of the cancer cell ratio, whereas 3D‐HT29 tissues do not show a significant difference. Notably, the secretion of ECM proteins from single fibroblasts in 3D‐tissue models containing 90% MiaPaCa‐2 cells is ten times higher than that under 10% cancer cell conditions. In vitro pancreatic cancer 3D‐tissues will be a valuable tool to obtain information on the interactions between cancer and stromal cells.
Polymer/Small Molecule/Fullerene Based Ternary Solar Cells
Authors: Li Huan , Lu Kun , Wei Zhixiang
Published: April 2017

Polymer/small molecule/fullerene based ternary solar cells have made great progress and have attracted considerable attention in recent years. The addition of small molecules can effectively compensate for the disadvantages of polymer solar cells, such as increasing the light‐harvesting ability, providing cascade energy levels, and tuning the morphology. Thus, polymer/small molecule/fullerene based ternary solar cells are promising candidates to obtain further improvements in photovoltaic performance for organic solar cells. This article summarizes the developments of ternary solar cells with small molecules as third components, and represents the possible photo‐physics process in the ternary blends. In addition, the challenges and perspectives for ternary solar cells are discussed.
Biosynthesis of the β‐Lactone Proteasome Inhibitors Belactosin and Cystargolide
Authors: Wolf Felix , Bauer Judith S. , Bendel Theresa M. , Kulik Andreas , Kalinowski Jörn , Gross Harald , Kaysser Leonard
Published: April 2017

Belactosins and cystargolides are natural product proteasome inhibitors from Actinobacteria. Both feature dipeptidic backbones and a unique β‐lactone building block. Herein, we present a detailed investigation of their biosynthesis. Identification and analysis of the corresponding gene clusters indicated that both compounds are assembled by rare single‐enzyme amino acid ligases. Feeding experiments with isotope‐labeled precursors and in vitro biochemistry showed that the formation of the β‐lactone warhead is unprecedented and reminiscent of leucine biosynthesis, and that it involves the action of isopropylmalate synthase homologues.
Crack‐Free, Soft Wrinkles Enable Switchable Anisotropic Wetting
Authors: Rhee Dongjoon , Lee Won‐Kyu , Odom Teri W.
Published: April 2017

Soft skin layers on elastomeric substrates are demonstrated to support mechano‐responsive wrinkle patterns that do not exhibit cracking under applied strain. Soft fluoropolymer skin layers on pre‐strained poly(dimethylsiloxane) slabs achieved crack‐free surface wrinkling at high strain regimes not possible by using conventional stiff skin layers. A side‐by‐side comparison between the soft and hard skin layers after multiple cycles of stretching and releasing revealed that the soft skin layer enabled dynamic control over wrinkle topography without cracks or delamination. We systematically characterized the evolution of wrinkle wavelength, amplitude, and orientation as a function of tensile strain to resolve the crack‐free structural transformation. We demonstrated that wrinkled surfaces can guide water spreading along wrinkle orientation, and hence switchable, anisotropic wetting was realized.
Contribution to the discussion of ‘“A critical evaluation of the currentp‐value controversy”’
Authors: Senn Stephen
Published: April 2017

I pick up a very few points of minor disagreement with Stefan Wellek's comprehensive review ofP‐values in this journal. I conclude thatP‐values have a limited function in statistical inference but can nevertheless have their uses.
New Eudesmane Sesquiterpenoids from Salvia plebeia R. Br.
Authors: Ma Lie‐Feng , Wang Peng‐Fei , Wang Ji‐Dong , Tong Xiang‐Min , Shan Wei‐Guang , Zhang Hui , Zhan Zha‐Jun
Published: April 2017

Three new sesquiterpenoids, salplebeones A – C (1 – 3), were isolated from the ethanol‐soluble extract of the aerial part of Salvia plebeia R. Br. Their structures were established by detailed analysis of NMR and MS spectra. Salplebeone A was an eudesmane lactone, while salplebeones B and C were rare eudesmane sesquiterpenoids, containing 12,8‐lactam groups. Antiproliferative activities of salplebeones A – C to myeloid leukemia cell lines were evaluated.
Heterogeneous Cobalt‐Catalyzed Direct N‐Formylation of Isoquinolines with CO2 and H2
Authors: He Zhenhong , Liu Hangyu , Liu Huizhen , Qian Qingli , Meng Qinglei , Mei Qingqing , Han Buxing
Published: April 2017

Isoquinolines (IQs) are an abundant feedstock, and N‐formyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines (FTHIQs) are valuable fine chemicals and key intermediates. Herein, we report for the first time the Co0/ZnCl2‐catalyzed direct N‐formylation of IQs by using CO2 with H2 to produce FTHIQs. It was discovered that the Co catalyst and ZnCl2 worked synergistically in catalyzing the N‐formylation reactions, and moderate to high yields of the desired products could be obtained, depending on the nature of the substrates. The Co0 catalyst could be reused at least five times without a notable decrease in activity. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of control experiments.
Black Phosphorus/TiO2 Composite Photoanode with Enhanced Photoelectrical Performance
Authors: Song Jia , Wang Jing , Lin Xiaoyu , He Jingfu , Liu Hualei , Lei Yongpeng , Chu Zengyong
Published: April 2017

Black phosphorus (BP) shows broad application in optical, photoelectric and semiconductor fields. Herein, BP nanosheets and few‐layer phosphorene were prepared by means of a solvent exfoliation method. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of BP were measured and dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using BP/TiO2 films as working electrodes. The results show that the light‐absorption ability of BP depends on the number of layers and few‐layer phosphorene can absorb ultraviolet light (260–325 nm) specifically. The decrease of interfacial transport resistance and the increase of the utilization of sunlight favor the enhanced photoelectric conversion (η) of ≈38 % compared with TiO2 films. The stability of few‐layer phosphorene was also studied and the reduction of the corresponding η was mainly due to the defects caused by chemical etching which impeded electron transport. In all, there is a good reason to believe that if we can find an effective way to solve the seal problems in the devices, few‐layer phosphorene will be an excellent candidate in optical, photoelectric and semiconductor fields.
Predicting the Solubility of Sulfur: A COSMO‐RS‐Based Approach to Investigate Electrolytes for Li–S Batteries
Authors: Jeschke Steffen , Johansson Patrik
Published: April 2017

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are, in theory, considering their basic reactions, very promising from a specific energy density point of view, but have poor power rate capabilities. The dissolution of sulfur from the C/S cathode in the electrolyte is a rate‐determining and crucial step for the functionality. To date, time‐consuming experimental methods, such as HPLC/UV, have been used to quantify the corresponding solubilities. Here, we use a computational fluid‐phase thermodynamics approach, the conductor‐like screening model for real solvents (COSMO‐RS), to compute the solubilities of sulfur in different binary and ternary electrolytes. By using both explicit and implicit solvation approaches for lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimidate (LiTFSI)‐containing electrolytes, a deviation of <0.4 log units was achieved with respect to experimental data, within the range of experimental error, thus proving COSMO‐RS to be a useful tool for exploring novel Li–S battery electrolytes.
Multiple Functional Biomass‐Derived Activated Carbon Materials for Aqueous Supercapacitors, Lithium‐Ion Capacitors and Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chen Kunfeng , Xue Dongfeng
Published: April 2017

Biomass‐derived activated carbon electrode materials have been synthesized by carbonization and KOH activation processes from an agriculture waste − rice husk, composed of organic compound and silica. The surface area of activated carbon reached 1098.1 m2/g mainly including mesopores and macropores due to the template effect of silica in rice husk. Owing to the existence of mesopores and macropores, the as‐obtained activated carbon materials can be used in aqueous supercapacitors, lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) capacitors and lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. In KOH electrolyte, fast rate performance (as high as 2 V/s) was obtained due to the existence of ideal electrical double layer capacitance. In organic electrolyte, high voltage (2.5 V) was achieved. Activated carbon electrode for Li‐ion capacitor also showed capacity of 17 mAh/g at 100 mA/g with the high voltage range of 2.5 V. The capacities of sulfur‐activated carbon in Li‐S batteries were 1230 and 970 mAh/g at the current densities of 0.1 and 0.2 C. The present results showed that activated carbon materials with mesopores were good host to immobilize polysulfides.
Spatiotemporal variation in mechanisms driving regional‐scale population dynamics of a Threatened grassland bird
Authors: Ethier Danielle M. , Koper Nicola , Nudds Thomas D.
Published: April 2017

To achieve national population targets for migratory birds, landscape‐level conservation approaches are increasingly encouraged. However, knowledge of the mechanisms that drive spatiotemporal patterns in population dynamics are needed to inform scale‐variant policy development. Using hierarchical Bayesian models and variable selection, we determined by which mechanism(s), and to what extent, changes in quantity and quality of surrogate grassland habitats contributed to regional variation in population trends of an obligatory grassland bird, Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorous). We used North American Breeding Bird Survey data to develop spatially explicit models of regional population trends over 25 years across 35 agricultural census divisions in Ontario, Canada. We measured the strength of evidence for effects of land‐use change on population trends over the entire study period and over five subperiods. Over the entire study period, one region (Perth) displayed strong evidence of population decline (95%CIis entirely below 0); four regions displayed strong evidence of population increase (Bruce, Simcoe, Peterborough, and Northumberland). Population trends shifted spatially among subperiods, with more extreme declines later in time (1986–1990: 28% of 35 census divisions, 1991–1995: 46%, 1996–2000: 40%, 2001–2005: 66%, 2006–2010: 82%). Important predictors of spatial patterns in Bobolink population trends over the entire study period were human development and fragmentation. However, factors inferred to drive patterns in population trends were not consistent over space and time. This result underscores that effective threat identification (both spatially and temporally) and implementation of flexible, regionally tailored policies will be critical to realize efficient conservation of Bobolink and similar at‐risk species.
The dynamic correlations between the G7 economies and China: Evidence from both realized and implied volatilities
Authors: Luo Xingguo , Qi Xuyuanda
Published: April 2017

This paper investigates the dynamic correlations between the G7 economies and China by using the EGARCH/DCC models proposed by Engle and Figlewski (). We find that the correlations between the G7 economies can be captured by a one‐factor model when either the realized or implied volatilities are used. Although no significant correlations between China and the G7 countries are captured using realized volatilities, we find that the correlations increased during the 2008 financial crisis. Furthermore, we show that the one‐factor model is useful for hedging the volatility risks of individual countries.
Quantitative assessment of soil CO2 concentration and stable carbon isotope for leakage detection at geological carbon sequestration sites
Authors: Yang Changbing , Jamison Keith , Xue Lianqing , Dai Zhenxue , D. Hovorka Susan , Fredin Leif , H. Treviño Ramón
Published: April 2017

This study presents a quantitative method to evaluate CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) as indicators for leakage detection at a geological carbon sequestration site by combining use of field release tests and a numerical modeling approach. A numerical model was developed to simulate CO2 dynamics by considering diffusion, dissolution in soil water, and soil respiration. The numerical model fits the background dynamics of [CO2] (360 to 550 ppm) and δ13C (‐16‰ to ‐6‰) well and reproduces fairly the overall trend observed during the CO2 release test. The model was further applied to assess detection probability (DP) of [CO2] and δ13C for leakage detection in terms of various factors, such as CO2 leakage rate, background variations, δ13C of the CO2 leaked, and the threshold value of signal‐to‐noise ratio. Modeling results suggest that δ13C may have a higher DP than [CO2]. This study also shows that DP of δ13C for the IEA Weyburn project is close to 0, implying δ13C is inappropriate to be an indicator for CO2 leakage at the site. The quantitative method developed can also be used to design a monitoring plan or strategy in a near‐surface environment for geological carbon sequestration. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facilitating anaplastic thyroid cancer specialized treatment: A model for improving access to multidisciplinary care for patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Cabanillas Maria E. , Williams Michelle D. , Gunn G. Brandon , Weitzman Steven P. , Burke Laura , Busaidy Naifa L. , Ying Anita K. , Yiin Yeh Hung , William William N. , Lu Charles , Lai Stephen Y.
Published: April 2017

Background

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly aggressive thyroid cancer. Several treatment trials are available, but the number of eligible patients to participate is very low because of the rarity and aggressiveness of the disease.

Methods

Facilitating Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Specialized Treatment (FAST) is a quality improvement project aimed at decreasing time from referral to disposition (scheduling of first appointment) to our institution. After identifying reasons for delays, we created a new process flow specifically for patients with ATC allowing patients to be scheduled immediately.

Results

Historical data revealed a mean referral to disposition time for patients with ATC of 8.7 days before our intervention. After the intervention, the mean referral to disposition time was reduced to 0.5 days. Participation in treatment trials for all patients with ATC was 34%.

Conclusion

Since the implementation of FAST, the access time has decreased and the number of successful referrals for ATC has increased significantly.
Dorsal scapular artery as a recipient vessel in the vessel‐depleted neck during free tissue transfer in head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Rosko Andrew J. , Ryan Jesse T. , Wizauer Eric J. , Ibrahim Mohannad , Srinivasan Ashok , Stucken Chaz L. , Spector Matthew E.
Published: April 2017

Background

The vessel‐depleted neck poses a unique challenge to the microvascular surgeon. Using 3D modeling and cadaveric dissection, we describe the approach and advantages of a known but less frequently used recipient vessel, the dorsal scapular artery, during free tissue transfer.

Methods

Three patients with vessel‐depleted necks required reconstruction with free tissue transfer. The dorsal scapular artery was used as a recipient vessel. Three‐dimensional anatomic models were created and cadaveric dissections were performed to characterize the anatomy.

Results

The dorsal scapular artery was successfully used in 3 patients as the recipient pedicle for free tissue transfer. The vessel was identified deep in the posterior triangle after emerging through the brachial plexus. In all cases, the artery was in a previously undissected field, and had a large caliber and favorable geometry for microvascular anastomosis.

Conclusion

The dorsal scapular artery is a viable recipient vessel during head and neck reconstruction in the vessel‐depleted neck.
Delayed lower cranial neuropathy after oropharyngeal intensity‐modulated radiotherapy: A cohort analysis and literature review
Authors: Hutcheson Katherine A. , Yuk Maggie , Hubbard Rachel , Gunn Gary B. , Fuller C. David , Lai Stephen Y. , Lin Heather , Garden Adam S. , Rosenthal David I. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Kies Merrill S. , Lewin Jan S.
Published: April 2017

Background

The purpose of this study was to examine swallowing‐related lower cranial nerve palsy (LCNP) in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) survivors after intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods

Patients treated with definitive IMRT (66‐72 Gy) were pooled from institutional trial databases. Prospective analyses on parent trials included videofluoroscopy, clinical LCNP examination, and questionnaires pre‐IMRT, 6 months post‐IMRT, 12 months post‐IMRT, and 24 months post‐IMRT. Time‐to‐event and incidence of LCNP was estimated with competing risk methods. Literature review (1977‐2015) summarized published LCNP outcomes.

Results

Three of 59 oropharyngeal cancer survivors with a minimum 2‐year follow‐up developed hypoglossal palsy ipsilateral to the index tumor (median latency 6.7 years; range 4.6‐7.6 years). At a median of 5.7 years, cumulative incidence of LCNP was 5%. LCNP preceded progressive dysphagia in all cases. Published studies found median incidence of radiation‐associated LCNP was 10.5% after NPC, but no OPC cancer‐specific estimate.

Conclusion

Although uncommon, the potential for late LCNP preceding swallowing deterioration highlights the importance of long‐term functional surveillance in OPC survivorship.