bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Landuse and Land Cover Change in the Lunan Stone Forest, China
Authors: Zhang Chuanrong , Day Michael , Li Weidong
Published: July 2019

Lunanski Kamniti gozd (Šilin) je najboljši primer takega tipa kraške pokrajine na svetu, ustreznega znanstvenega in kulturnega pomena. Kljub ekološki krhkosti je to ena največjih turističnih privlačnosti, ki jo letno obišče preko 1.5 milijona turistov. Njegovo ohranjanje spodkopavajo nasprotujoče si gospodarske prednosti in degradacija površja ogroža sam obstoj narodnega parka. Ugotavljanje sedanjega rastlinskega pokrova v 35 km2 velikem osrednjem delu Kamnitega gozda in analiza sprememb tega pokrova od leta 1974 dalje v 7 km2 obsegajočem Malem Kamnitem gozdu kažejo na obseg sprememb v pokrajini. Goli kraški stebri obsegajo 52 % preučevanega ozemlja v obsegu 35 km2 in okoli polovica ga je poraslega. V izrabi površja prevladuje poljedelstvo, predvsem v dolinah, toda velik del šilina je ogolelega, okoli 6 % površine pa je pozidane. Na obmoèju 7 km2 Velikega Kamnitega gozda se je pozidana površina povečala z 0.5 ha leta 1974 na 38.68 ha leta 2001. V istem času se je dolžina cest povečala za 95 %, medtem ko so se vodne površine zmanjšale za 3 %. Med 1980 in 2001 se je letni obisk poveèal s 139 000 na 1 500 000 – desetkratni porast. Potreba po uskladitvi ekonomskega razvoja in ohranjanja pokrajine vsebuje primerjavo kratkoročnega z daljnoročnim dobičkom in tudi z ohranjanjem naravne in kulturne dediščine.The Lunan Stone Forest is the World’s premier pinnacle karst landscape, with attendant scientific and cultural importance. Ecologically fragile, it is also a major tourist attraction, currently receiving over 1.5million visitors each year. Conservation efforts have been undermined by conflicting economic priorities, and landscape degradation threatens the very foundation of the national park. Assessment of the current land cover in the 35km2 core of the Stone Forest and an analysis of land cover change since 1974 in the 7km2 Major Stone Forest reveal the extent of recent landscape change. Exposed pinnacle karst covers 52% of the 35km2 study area, and about half of this is vegetated. Land use is dominated by agriculture, particularly in the valleys, but much of the shilin is devegetated and about six percent of the area is now built-up. Within the 7km2 Major Stone Forest the built-up area increased from 0.15ha in 1974 to 38.68ha by 2001, and during that same period road length increased by 95%, accompanied by a 3% decrease in surface water area. Between 1980 and 2001, annual visitor numbers increased from 139,000 to 1,500,000 – a ten-fold increase. The need to reconcile economic development and landscape conservation involves both short-term versus long-term benefit and also the conservation of natural and cultural heritage.
The Case Study on Soil Fauna Diversity in Different Ecological System in Shilin NationalPark, Yunnan, China
Authors: Changguo Xiang , Linhua Song , Pingjiu Zhang , Genxing Pan
Published: July 2019

Predhodno sta bili preučevani razporeditev in raznovrstnost talne favne v vrsti degradiranih ekosistemov v narodnem parku Shilin. Ti ekosistemi vključujejo pet tipov rastlinskega pokrova: 1. naravno grmišče, 2. umetno nasajen cipresov gozd, 3. naravni travnik, 4. drugotni travnik, 5. golo rdečo prst. Na vsakem izmed njih je bila talna favna nabrana s kvadrata velikosti 1 krat 1 m. Živali so bile nabrane ročno ali pa izločene s pomočjo segrevanja. V talni favni so prevladovale acarina, collembola, nematoda, coleoptera in opistopora. Toda razmeroma pogoste so bile tudi skupine enchytraeidae, araneida, lepidoptera in diptera. Indeks raznovrstnosti H je manjši od 1,5 in se močno znižuje vzporedno z degradacijo rastlinstva. V kraških prsteh so med najpogostejšimi parholaspidae. Biomasa trhypochthoniidae in ologamasidae je najbolj zgoščena v naravnem grmišču in kaže veliko občutljivost teh skupin na degradacijo rastlinstva. Razmerje biomase acarina v primerjavi s collembola je v razponu 0.7 do 1.5, kar je veliko odstopanje od podatkov za naravne prsti podobnih geografskih širin, znanih iz literature. Majhna biomasa talne favne in manjša raznovrstnost kažeta, da se habitati v preučevanih prsteh slabšajo in se torej slabša tudi zdravje celega ekosistema. Izsledki tudi kažejo na ranljivost talne favne v prsteh z vidika sonaravnega razvoja parka Shilin.A preliminary study of the distribution and diversity of soil fauna in a sequence of ecosystem degradation in the Shilin National Park, Yunnan, China has been made. The degraded ecologic system includes 5 types of vegetation cover: (1) natural bush; (2) human planted cypress forest; (3)natural grass; (4)secondary grass and (5) bared red earth. A quadrate of 1m×1m in each eco-tessera was sampled for soil fauna collection. The animals were obtained either by picking up or by heat-removing. The soil fauna were dominated by Acarina, Collembola, Nematode, Coleoptera,and Opistopora in these soils. However, Erchytraeidae, Araneida, Lepidoptera and Diptera were also common groups. The diversity index H turned to be less than 1.5, drastically decreasing with the vegetation degradation trend. In the karst soils, Parholaspidae was one of the most populous among the mites. The biomass of Trhypochthoniidae and Ologamasidae was very concentrated in the natural bush ecosystem, showing high sensitivity of mites to vegetation degradation. The biomass ratio of Acarina to Collembola in the studied soils ranged from 0.70 to 1.50, which was in great discrepancy to the results reported of the natural soils at similar latitude. The small soil fauna biomass and less diversity indicated that the studied soil was in a state of deterioration of soil fauna habitats and, in turn, the soil ecosystem health. The results also evidenced that the soil fauna in the karst soil was definitely vulnerable as regarded to the sustainable development of the Shilin Park.
Review of Turkish Karst with Emphasis on Tectonic and Paleogeographic Controls
Authors: Ekmeci Mahmet
Published: July 2019

This paper re-evaluates the karst phenomenon in Turkey basing on the controlling factors such as, the source of energy gradient, lithostratigraphy, type of erosion base and climate. Two major karst types described are a) evolutionary karst which implies continuous karstification but at different stage of maturation and b)rejuvenated karst which is formed by reactivating a formerly developed and subsequently ceased karst structure either by an uplift and/or a drastic decline of erosion base. Description of karst types considering both morphology and hydrogeology revealed that distribution of specific karst types is compatible with the neotectonic evolution of Turkey. Karst in all provinces except the Black Sea and Western Anatolian regions, is developed under the effect of the energy gradient provided by uplift. Different rates of uplift created different sub-types of karst. The climate effect was evaluated as a secondary factor for it has a role of shaping/re-shaping the karst forms rather than controlling the physical and chemical processes.
Karstification along the Thrust Contact between the Dolomite and Limestone in Idrijski log and Koševnik (Idrijsko, Slovenia)
Authors: Zagoda Bojana
Published: July 2019

Članek obravnava zakrasevanje ob narivnem kontaktu dolomita in apnenca v Idrijskem Logu in Koševniku. Ob narivnem stiku se je oblikoval neke vrste kontaktni kras. V dolomitu je površinska kraška oblikovanost slabše izražena, v krednih apnencih pa so nastale številne vrtače, brezna in požiralniki. Brezna v apnencih in vrtače v dolomitu kažejo genetsko povezanost na narivni kontakt, freatične oblike pa so nastajale globoko pod narivnim pokrovom. The paper discusses karstification along the thrust contact between dolomite and limestone at Idrijski Log and Koševnik (west-central Slovenia). Thrust contact induced the formation of a specific contact karst assemblage. Karst morphology is less strongly expressed within the dolomite, whereas the limestones are deeply karstified, with many dolines, shafts and sinkholes. Shafts in limestone and dolines in dolomite show genetic relationship with the thrust contact, whereas preserved fragments of phreatic features originated deep beneath the thrust plane.
Further Dates of Heavy Metal Content on the Soil and Vegetation of Aggtelek Karst (Hungary)
Authors: Kaszala Rita , Bárány-Kevei Ilona , Polyák Klára
Published: July 2019

O fizikalnih in kemičnih lastnostih prsti ter vsebnosti mikroelementov v rastlinju na območju Agteleškega krasa smo že poročali. V članku predstavimo nove meritve vsebnosti - v EDTA topnih - težkih kovin v prsti in meritve dodatnih elementov v različnih rastlinskih vrstah. Prikažemo tudi odnos med vsebnostjo težkih kovin v kraški prsti ter rastlinah in njihovimi poganjki. During the previous investigation of the Aggtelek Karst we published physical and chemical parameters of the soils and the microelement content of the greenery. The presentation now gives further information about the soil (e.g. EDTA soluble heavy metal content), and the greenery (more species, more elements). The presentation shows the relationship between the heavy metal content of the karstic soil, and the sprout of plants.
Comparison of 14C and 230Th/234U Dating of Speleothems from Submarine Caves in the Adriatic Sea (Croatia)
Authors: Surić Maša , Juračić Mladen , Horvatinčić Nada
Published: July 2019

Z metodama 14C oziroma U-Th smo datirali 16 sig iz sedmih podmorskih jam v Jadranu. Dve sigi smo datirali z obema metodama. Primernost metod za datacijo sig je različna zaradi različnih okoljskih pogojev, ki so vladali med izločanjem sige oziroma po zalitju jame. Obe metodi sta zanesljivi na dobro ohranjenih sigah. U-Th metoda je slabša, ko so karbonati onesnaženi z detritičnim materialom oz. preraščeni s plastjo morskega izvora . Vendar metoda U-Th z uporabo MC ICPMS analize, kjer potrebujemo le 100-300mg vzorca (namesto 30 g pri metodi 14C), omogoča boljšo časovno ločljivost datacij, kar je pri datiranju sig zelo pomembno.Among the 16 speleothems that were collected from 7 submarine caves and pits for the purpose of 14C and U-Th dating and reconstructing sea-level changes, two speleothems were dated by both methods. Different environmental conditions during the speleothem deposition and after the submergence resulted with different appropriateness for speleothem dating by these techniques. Well preserved speleothems gave reliable results by both methods, while U-Th method showed disadvantage in the case of carbonates contaminated with detrital material, as well as in the case of carbonate from marine overgrowth that covers the speleothems. However, U-Th method using MC ICPMS technique which requires only 100-300 mg of sample per analysis (instead of ca. 30 g for 14C conventional method), offers better age resolution that is essential for speleothem dating.
Ecological and Microgeographical Study of an Epikarstic Fauna in West Virgina (USA)
Authors: Pipan Tanja
Published: July 2019

Za raziskavo epikraške favne so bili v Zahodni Virginiji v 17 jamah pobrani vzorci iz curkov ter luž napolnjenih s preniklo vodo. V lužah je bilo ugotovljenih 20 rodov ceponožcev, med njimi 11 harpaktikoidov in 9 ciklopoidov. Za razumevanje strukturnih ter fizikalnih in kemijskih lastnosti epikrasa je bil poudarek na raziskavi epikraške favne v curkih prenikajoče vode. Izbrana so bila tri vzorčna mesta v Organ jamskem sistemu: Lipps, Sively 2 in Sively 3. V curkih je bilo najdenih 13 rodov ceponožcev, med njimi 8 harpaktikoidov in 5 ciklopoidov. Epikraška favna si je med bližnji curki bolj podobna, kot favna med oddaljenimi curki. Epikraška favna bo pomemben prispevk k pestrosti podzemeljske favne v jamah Apalačev, kot tudi k biodiverziteti ameriške favne.Drip pools and trickles of percolation water in 17 caves in West Virginia were sampled for epikarstic species. A total of 20 genera of copepods were found. 11 different genera of harpacticoids and 9 of cyclopoids were recognized in the samples collected from pools. For understanding of the structure and physico-chemistry of epikarst, the focus was specially on trickles rather than pools. Three sampling sites of the Organ cave system were chosen: the Lipps, Sively 2 and Sively 3 streams. All together in drips 13 genera of copepods, from which 8 of harpacticoids and 5 of cyclopoids have been found. Nearby drips have more similar fauna composition than distant drips. The epikarstic fauna will add significantly to the overall species richness found in Appalachian caves, and likely elsewhere in the U.S. as well.
Le visage et le masque. Ellie Papadimitriou, une intellectuelle de gauche
Authors: Petropoulou Ioanna
Published: July 2019

Ce texte traite les rapports entre création littéraire et engagement politique à travers le cas d’Ellie Papadimitriou (1900-1993). D’origine bourgeoise de Smyrne, Papadimitriou s’installa à Athènes après 1922. Dans les années 1930, elle a adhéré au Parti Communiste de Grèce, ce qui ne l’empêcha pas de travailler plus tard pour les Services Secrets Britanniques au Moyen Orient. Pour comprendre l’itinéraire de cette femme, il faut tenir compte des conditions dans lesquelles les communistes ont vécu en Grèce tout au long du xxe siècle. Militante et poétesse de gauche, Ellie Papadimitriou a connu les persécutions et la censure des régimes de droite de l’après-guerre. Elle a été la première à se servir de l’histoire orale en Grèce dans son ouvrage Le Discours commun, un recueil de témoignages oraux des « vaincus » de la défaite de l’Asie Mineure, de l’Occupation nazie et de la Guerre civile grecque. En raison de son double engagement politique, Ellie Papadimitriou a tenté de dissimuler sa vie et ne pas laisser de traces ni à ses contemporains ni aux générations futures. En guise de fouille archéologique, sa biographie met en évidence une grande partie de cette « vie occulte »
Moins de biens pour plus de liens : Jean-Jacques Rousseau, décroissanciste avant l’heure ?
Authors: Crétois Pierre
Published: July 2019

Si Rousseau a écrit bien avant les développements actuels de l’économie capitaliste, reste qu’il en pressent nombre de conséquences. Le rapprochement entre sa philosophie et l’approche décroissanciste éclaire tant son approche que la généalogie d’un mouvement. Rousseau, en promouvant la petite propriété autarcique, cherche à échapper à la logique marchande. La diminution du commerce semble avoir pour ambition première de libérer les rapports humains des contraintes de l’échange intéressé afin de promouvoir des relations non aliénées. Aussi nous nous efforçons de rapprocher Rousseau de la pensée décroissanciste contemporaine pour reprendre au compte du Genevois l’expression d’Émeline De Bouver : « moins de biens, plus de liens ». Le principe de la « simplicité volontaire contre le mythe de l’abondance » anime le mouvement décroissanciste. L’objectif des décroissancistes est de faire primer la gratuité, les relations non marchandes, sur la logique de la consommation et la marchandisation de tous les aspects de la vie et des rapports humains. Jean-Jacques Rousseau cherche d’une manière proche à réduire les échanges marchands et à favoriser une certaine forme d’autarcie économique non parce qu’il souhaite supprimer les échanges, mais parce qu’il veut maintenir intactes les relations de confiance, d’amitié et d’intimité qui sont autant de sphères que l’échange marchand risque toujours de pervertir dès qu’il s’y introduit.
Reconfiguration du politique par la professionnalisation associative
Authors: Sbeih Sbeih
Published: July 2019

Résumé : En comparant deux associations palestiniennes, l’une de « charité » et l’autre de « développement », l’article trace l’évolution de leurs rapports au politique en fonction de leurs relations avec les différents acteurs collectifs (organisations politiques, bailleurs de fonds, Autorité palestinienne). Au moment où l’évolution des ONG palestiniennes dépendantes de l’aide internationale est appréhendée en termes de « professionnalisation », c’est-à-dire comme processus de quête de spécialisation et de l’autonomie à l’égard du pouvoir politique, celles-ci reconfigurent le politique selon le paradigme universel du développement. Les « technocrates », produits de cette professionnalisation, deviennent désormais les hommes politiques par excellence du champ du pouvoir de la « Palestine des bailleurs de fonds ». Toutefois, la quête de spécialisation n’est valorisante que dans la mesure où les ONG adhèrent à la lecture universelle de « post-conflit » de la réalité sociale palestinienne. Les associations dépendant des organisations politiques et non soumises à la domination des bailleurs subissent une exclusion de cette configuration. La nouvelle croyance politique, le développement, ne laisse guère de place pour l’engagement militant national et patriotique.
Les Ouïghours en Syrie
Authors: Reyhan Dilnur
Published: July 2019

Résumé : Depuis l'éclatement de la guerre en Syrie et notamment depuis l'apparition de l'État Islamique (Daech), nous assistons à l'élargissement des rangs de ce dernier par le biais d’un recrutement extrêmement efficace. Des ressortissants de presque tous les pays ont rejoint la guerre menée par Daech, et la Chine ne fait pas exception. Parmi les musulmans originaires de Chine qui sont partis en Syrie, les Ouïghours ont rejoint majoritairement le Parti Islamique du Turkestan (PIT), même si une minorité se retrouve dans les rangs de Daech depuis fin 2014. Ils ont pour la plupart dû s’exiler en Turquie via la Malaisie et la Thaïlande à la suite de l’intensification de la répression chinoise à leur égard, et par ailleurs, les opérations chinoises au Pakistan contre les combattants du PIT, ont conduit ces derniers à quitter le Pakistan pour la Syrie. Les plus religieux de ces migrants sont recrutés par les réseaux turcs, sympathisants du PIT, tandis qu’une minorité est enrôlée par Daech. En quoi ces deux mouvements se distinguent-ils ? Si les Daechistes ouïghours rejettent toute idéologie nationaliste, les Ouïghours du PIT défendent une cause nationale et visent au départ l’indépendance de la Région ouïghoure. Cependant, dans les faits, cette population ne représente qu’une partie de ce mouvement qui inclut de plus en plus de nombreux autres turcophones centrasiatiques. En effet, l’idéologie de ce mouvement a évolué dans le temps, ne visant plus la seule cause ouïghoure, mais la création d’une nation centrasiatique turcophone et islamique. Dans ce contexte, la présence des Ouïghours en Syrie peut s’expliquer par leur besoin de gagner de l'expérience sur le plan militaire pour combattre la Chine. Seules l’analyse des modes de communication et des formes de propagandes tant des autorités chinoises que des différents mouvements djihadistes étudiés ainsi que l’analyse des relations que chacun noue avec les organisations ouïghoures de la diaspora permettent de comprendre en profondeur les enjeux géopolitiques actuels.
A Strategic Approach to Reduce Energy Imports of E7 Countries
Authors: Dinçer Hasan , Yüksel Serhat , Canbolat Zehra Nur
Published: July 2019

Higher technological developments, product diversity, international trade, and population growth have greatly increased the energy demand of countries. It is very significant that this growing demand should be satisfied with a safe and accessible energy source. Because of this issue, it is thought that countries should be directed towards renewable energy sources so that these countries can meet their rising energy demand without increasing their energy imports. This chapter aims to identify the causal relationship between the use of renewable energy and energy imports. Within this framework, the data between 1990 and 2015 of E7 countries (Brazil, China, Indonesia, India, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey) is taken into the consideration by using the Pedroni panel cointegration method and the Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality analysis. Results show that there is a long-term relationship between energy imports and renewable energy usage, but there is no causal relationship between energy imports and renewable energy usage. This situation gives information that the use of renewable energy is important and effective in order to reduce imports, but using only this method is not sufficient to remove the import problem for these countries.
Powering the Sustainable Development Goals for Green Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Adetiloye Kehinde Adekunle , Babajide Abiola Ayopo , Taiwo Joseph Niyan
Published: July 2019

This chapter is on the use of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the achievement of green economy in Nigeria with the specific aim of assessing the performance of key issues in the SDGs. Five goals SDGs 6, 7, 11, 12, and 15 for water and sanitation, safe human settlements, renewable energy, sustainable consumption and production, and ecosystem, respectively, are selected for assessment for the green initiatives and the economy. Budgets on economic and social services follows the pattern theory: that government allocates and reallocates at will without cognizance of the population's interests. The assessment holds the fact that only two of these goals are being met somehow—renewable energy and clean water—and not necessarily because of the need to achieve the goals but as part of private sector and dynamic market initiatives, clearly indicating failures for the others. For the most part, Nigeria failed in the areas of ecosystem, good human settlement, and responsible consumption. The chapter suggests the encouragement of entrepreneurial initiatives, the initiation of new policies on green economy, and the enforcement of regulations already in place to power the economy.
The Evolution of the T-Scan I System From 1984 to the Present Day T-Scan 10 System
Authors: Kerstein, DMD Robert B.
Published: July 2019

Since its inception in 1984, Computerized Occlusal Analysis technology has revolutionized both dental Occlusal Science and daily clinical practice, by bringing objective precision measurement to the largely subjectively analyzed Dental Medicine discipline of Occlusion. The development of this technology has required much iteration over the past 30 years beginning with T-Scan I, then T-Scan II for Windows®, then T-Scan III with Turbo recording, to a simplified desktop version introduced in T-Scan 8, to the present-day, state-of-the-art occlusal analysis version known as T-Scan 10. Numerous authors since the mid-1980s have studied the various T-Scan versions, which inspired the manufacturer to improve the hardware and its recording sensors to be more accurate, repeatable, and precise. The present day Novus recording handle represents a major ergonomic and functional upgrade over the Evolution handle that was used up to T-Scan 8, while the T-Scan 9 software has evolved into T-Scan software Version 10, which includes many new high-tech measurement tools like the Digital Impression Overlay (DIO), the Sensitivity Wizard, the Implant Warning feature, and the Force Eraser tool. All of these new system modifications improve the clinician's ability to diagnose and treat a wide range of occlusal abnormalities. Chapter One's Specific Aims are to detail the evolution of the differing T-Scan system versions, while describing the many scientific studies that inspired important system improvements to the T-Scan's accuracy and repeatability, from version to version.
Emergence of Familiness and Family Owned Business Performance
Authors: Aung Nay Zar , Kohda Youji
Published: July 2019

This article explores the concept of familiness in family-owned businesses (FOBs), identifying how families generate their own resources for business performance. Applying the resource-based view, the authors examined seven Myanmar businesses. Findings revealed that two factors influence familiness in Myanmar FOB: family unity and internal governance systems, which can be subdivided into traditional and collective systems. Moreover, evaluation revealed that FOB's business performance was affected by different family attitudes. A combination of family unity and a traditional internal governance system was conducive to controlling the internal business capabilities, whereas creating external opportunities were considered more effective for a combination of family unity and a collective internal governance system. Findings suggest that familiness emerges through embedded family resources that incorporates a sense of awareness with abilities for business advantages. These empirical results can provide insights and inputs that can help small and medium-sized FOBs safeguard their future.
Mental Map Preservation for Progressively Labeling Railway Networks
Authors: Takahashi Shigeo , Maruyama Ken , Kawagoe Takamasa , Wu Hsiang-Yun , Misue Kazuo , Arikawa Masatoshi
Published: July 2019

Schematizing railway networks for better readability is often achieved by aligning railway lines along the octilinear directions. However, such railway map layouts require further adjustment when placing station name labels. In this article, the authors present a novel approach to automating the placement of station names around the railway network while maximally respecting its original layout as the mental map. The key idea is to progressively annotate stations from congested central downtown areas to sparse rural areas. This is accomplished by introducing the sum of geodesic distances over the railway network to properly order the stations to be annotated first, and then elongating the line segments of the railway network while retaining their directions to spare enough labeling space around each station. Additional constraints are also introduced to restrict the aspect ratios of the region confined by the railway network for better preservation of the mental map.
On Generalized Fuzzy Entropy and Fuzzy Divergence Measure with Applications
Authors: Singh Surender , Sharma Sonam
Published: July 2019

Entropy in a fuzzy set measures the amount of ambiguity/imprecision presented in the fuzzy set. In this article, the authors introduce a generalized fuzzy entropy measure and demonstrate its effectiveness in Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) and superiority from the point of view of structured linguistic variables. This article also introduces a generalized fuzzy directed divergence and investigates its properties. Further, this article demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed generalized directed divergence in pattern recognition.
Assessing the Relationship Between Retention Factors and Organizational Commitment of University Faculty
Authors: Gyamfi Gerald Dapaah
Published: July 2019

Retaining faculty at a university depends on a range of factors that have implications on the commitment of the faculty to that institution. In this study, one hundred and twenty faculty members were selected from a public university in Ghana to assess the relationship that exists between retention and commitment of faculty members. This quantitative study used cross-sectional design and convenience sampling techniques to gather data using subjects from the faculty of a university with population of 272. Results from this study disclosed that generally the commitment of the faculty members to their university was high. There was a positive and significant relationship between the level of organizational commitment and compensation received by the members of faculty but with a low effect size. The findings also revealed that the female faculty members were more satisfied with their compensation than their male counterparts and their normative commitment was also higher.
Effect of Anodizing Time on Morphology and Wettability of TiO2 Nanotubes Prepared by Carbon Cathode
Authors: Thaik Nyein , Kooptarnond Kalayanee , Meesane Jirut , Khangkhamano Matthana
Published: July 2019

In this work, titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) were prepared by anodization method with carbon cathode rather than the conventional platinum electrode. The composition of electrolyte and the anodizing voltage was fixed as constant for this research. Carbon plate was used as the counter electrode and the anodizing times were varied for 5 h and 10 h. After anodization, the samples were further annealed at 450 °C to crystallize the as-produced TNTs. Phase composition and morphology were identified by XRD and FESEM, respectively. Wettability of the samples were examined using a contact angle instrument. The results showed that the annealed TNTs were anatase phase with average pore diameter and tube-length of 28.7 nm and 284.6 nm for 5 h, and 30.0 nm and 376.5 nm for 10 h, respectively. The differences in pore diameter and length of the nanotube samples were due to the effect of anodizing time. Wettability of both annealed TNTs was also affected by anodizing time. The surface modifications and wettability results suggested potential applications in biomedical fields.
Fabrication and Mechanical Property Evaluation of ASD Occluders Made from Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Rueangmontree Thepphithak , Khantachawana Anak
Published: July 2019

Nowadays, NiTi shape memory alloy plays an important role in medical applications, especially in intervention devices such as Cardiovascular stent, Retriever stent, etc. This research aims to design and fabricate the self-expanding and self-centering Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) closure device from NiTi shape memory alloy wires. The device was made by braiding 72 NiTi wires and forming to double-disk shape. Heat-treatment was carried out at the temperature range between 510°C to 550°C for 30 min, respectively. DSC measurements and pull tests were done in order to evaluate the transformation and mechanical behavior of the devices. The results show that excellent superelasticity can be confirmed in all specimens at room temperature. Recovery forces obtained from pull test increase with increasing heat-treatment temperature. Geometrical control is success with good consistency and the recovery force obtained can be compatible with those of commercial products.
Increasing the Hole Expansion Ability of High Strength Steel Sheet by Improving the Pre-Hole Shearing Process
Authors: Saengkhiao Prasan , Lawanwong Komgrit , Chumrum Pakorn
Published: July 2019

The hole expansion process is a forming process that the fracture easily occurred on the hole edge. Therefore, many research papers presented various processes to make a precision pre-hole shearing to a hole expansion process such as wire cut, EDM, and laser cut. The purpose of this work is to increase a hole expansion ratio on the high strength steel sheet. The conventional piercing by piercing punch and piercing with a counter punch was used to make a pre-hole shearing process in this research paper. The high strength steel grade 590 and 980 MPa of 1.2 mm of thickness were used in the experiments. From experimental results, it was found that the pre-hole shearing by piercing with a counter punch can be increased a shear surface on cutting edge of workpiece. Moreover, the used piercing with counter punch can improve the hole expansion ratio more than the conventional piercing process because sheared surface around the hole edge was increased.
Research on Springback Compensation Method of Cylindrical Parts in Multi-Point Forming
Authors: Zhang Lan , Fu Wen Zhi , Li Ming Zhe , Zhou Yong Ping , Zheng Cheng Xiang
Published: July 2019

Springback is an inevitable phenomenon in multi-point forming, it affects the forming accuracy seriously. The precision of formed parts can be improved by modifying the die profile. The method of springback compensation for multi-point dies which formed cylindrical parts was studied utilizing theoretical analysis, numerical simulations and experiments. In order to accurately form cylindrical parts with specified parameters, the springback compensation formula of multi-point dies was studied. The upper and lower dies were adjusted according to the formula. Comparing the formed parts obtained from numerical simulation and experiment with the target part, the results show that this method can control the forming error within 1 mm guiding the forming process of cylindrical parts in practice, the problem of shape error caused by springback was solved effectively.
Growth and Characterization of (E)-1-(5-Chlorothiophene-2-Yl)-3-(4- Dimethylamino)Phenyl)Prop-2-En-1-One, Novel NLO Single Crystal
Authors: Shruthi C. , Ravindrachary V. , Byrappa K. , Guruswamy B. , Prasad D. Jagadeesh , Kumara Karthik , Lokanath N.K.
Published: July 2019

A novel NLO compound (E)-1-(5-chlorothiophene-2-yl)-3-(4-dimethylamino) phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one has been synthesized by adopting claisen schmidt condensation reaction method and the single crystals are grown using slow solvent evaporation technique. The FT-IR spectrum confirms the various functional groups present in the compound. The crystal structure was studied by XRD method, which reveals that the compound crystallizes in Monoclinic crystal system with a space group P21/n and the corresponding lattice parameters are a = 7.595 (2) Å, b = 17.441 (4) Å, c = 10.917 (3) Å, α = 90o, β = 102.500 (12)o, γ = 90o. UV-Visible spectrum shows that the crystal is transparent in the entire visible region. Refractive index of the crystal was determined using Brewster’s angle method. Thermal stability of the material was determined from TG/DTA test. The Second harmonic generation efficiency of the crystal was estimated using NLO test and the efficiency was found to be 0.84 times that of UREA.
Effect of SnO2 Nanoparticle Doping on Structural, Morphological and Thermal Properties of PVA-PVP Polymer Blend
Authors: Guruswamy B. , Ravindrachary V. , Shruthi C. , Mylarappa M.
Published: July 2019

The n-type semiconductor SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesised using standard route and the effect of this nanoparticle doping on structural, morphological and thermal properties of PVA-PVP polymer blend has been investigated. Pure and PVA-PVP/SnO2 Nanocomposite films were prepared using solution casting technique. The powder X-ray diffraction result shows that the crystalline nature of the blend increases with doping level. FESEM study shows that the surface morphology of the polymer nanocomposite varies with doping level. AFM study reveals that in the nanocomposite films, the average roughness changes with dopant concentration. The DSC studies on the samples were performed from 40°C to 400°C under nitrogen atmosphere and it shows that the thermal properties of the blend changes with doping concentration.
Le champ de gravité de la péninsule d'Ungava (nord du Québec)
Authors: Tanner J G , McConnell R K
Published: July 2019

During the summer seasons of 1959 and 1960, field parties of the Dominion Observatory made 614 regional gravity measurements in the Cape Smith-Wakeham Bay area of New Quebec. The Bouguer anomalies indicate that the area as a whole is in a state of isostatic
equilibrium. A linear Bouguer anomaly correlates with the basic volcanic and intrusive rocks of the Cape Smith belt. Calculations based on observed anomalies indicate that the folded basic rocks of the belt are thicker than 20,000 feet. Negative anomalies that flank the Cape Smith positive anomaly
can be explained isostatically by regarding the Cape Smith belt as a load on the crust. The thickness of the root, about 10,000 feet, calculated from the load itself agrees with that computed from the negative anomalies. A local positive anomaly in the Payne Bay area indicates the presence of a
large intrusive body. The presence of a gabbroic intrusion at the surface is confirmed by rock samples. Computations based on a residual Bouguer anomaly profile across the feature suggest that the body extends to a depth of about 40,000 feet is approximately 20 miles in diameter and has a central
dome a few thousand feet wide extending upward from the main body to the surface.
How to write a paper for a scientific journal
Authors: Jenkins Sue
Published: July 2019

No abstract available
Publication trends in The SA Journal of Physiotherapy for the decade 1985-1994
Authors: Dladla A. B.W. , Gumede L. , Lin L. , Puckree T.
Published: July 2019

The primary purpose of this study was to determine trends in the types and first authorship of articles that appeared in the South African Journal of Physiotherapy for the decade, 1985-1994. All 140 articles in the 40 issues of the South African Journal of Physiotherapy for the decade were classified as either research or non-research articles. Research articles using qualitative methodologies were distinguished from those with quantitative ones. First authors of the articles were classified as either physiotherapy academics, physiotherapy students, clinicians or non-physiotherapists. The results show no significant difference in the number of research vs. non-research articles published for the decade. More non-research articles were published in the first five year period while research articles predominated in the second five year period. Quantitative studies using the experimental method appeared significantly more often in the first five years compared to the second five year period. The majority of the papers were first authored by physiotherapists especially academics. Methodologies and first authorship of papers published in the South African Journal of Physiotherapy revealed an interesting trend, thereby providing clues to growth points and deficits within the profession.
Convolution formula for the sums of generalized Dirichlet $L$-functions
Authors: Balkanova Olga , Frolenkov Dmitry
Published: July 2019

Using the Kuznetsov trace formula, we prove a spectral decomposition for the sums of generalized Dirichlet

L

-functions. Among applications are an explicit formula relating norms of prime geodesics to moments of symmetric square

L

-functions and an asymptotic expansion for the average of central values of generalized Dirichlet

L

-functions.
Two cases of cholera O1 in South Batinah, Oman, April 2019: lessons learned
Authors: Al Mayahi Zayid K. , Al-Shaqsi Nasser , Elmutashi Hamid A. , Al-Dhoyani Ali , Al Hattali Azza , Salim Khalid , Al Fulaiti Issa S. , Al Subhi Mahmood S.
Published: July 2019

Cholera represents an ongoing threat to many low-income and middle-income countries, but some cases of cholera even occur in high-income countries. Therefore, to prevent or combat cholera outbreaks, it is necessary to maintain the capacity to rapidly detect cholera cases, implement infection control measures, and improve general hygiene in terms of the environment, water, and food. The 2 cases, 1 imported and 1 secondary, described herein are broadly indicative of areas that require improvement. These cases were missed at the primary health care stage, which should be the first detection point even for unusual diseases such as cholera, and the absence of strict infection control practices at the primary care level is believed to contribute to secondary cases of infection. This report also encourages countries to ensure that rapid diagnostic stool tests are available to enable quick detection, as well as to provide information to people travelling to areas where cholera is endemic.
Is positive correlation between cloud droplet effective radius and aerosol optical depth over land due to retrieval artifacts or real physical processes?
Authors: Jia Hailing , Ma Xiaoyan , Quaas Johannes , Yin Yan , Qiu Tom
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
C6 L3, Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Edition-4 L3
products, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)
ERA-Interim reanalysis data are employed to systematically study
aerosol–cloud correlations over three anthropogenic aerosol regions and
their adjacent oceans, as well as explore the effect of retrieval artifacts
and underlying physical mechanisms. This study is confined to warm phase and
single-layer clouds without precipitation during the summertime (June, July,
and August). Our analysis suggests that cloud effective radius (CER) is
positively correlated with aerosol optical depth (AOD) over land (positive
slopes), but negatively correlated with aerosol index (AI) over oceans
(negative slopes) even with small ranges of liquid water path
(quasi-constant). The changes in albedo at the top of the atmosphere (TOA)
corresponding to aerosol-induced changes in CER also lend credence to the
authenticity of this opposite aerosol–cloud correlation between land and
ocean. It is noted that potential artifacts, such as the retrieval biases of
both cloud (partially cloudy and 3-D-shaped clouds) and aerosol, can result
in a serious overestimation of the slope of CER–AOD/AI. Our results show
that collision–coalescence seems not to be the dominant cause for positive
slope over land, but the increased CER caused by increased aerosol might
further increase CER by initializing collision–coalescence, generating a
positive feedback. By stratifying data according to the lower tropospheric
stability and relative humidity near cloud top, it is found that the
positive correlations more likely occur in the case of drier cloud top and
stronger turbulence in clouds, while negative correlations occur in the case of
moister cloud top and weaker turbulence in clouds, which implies entrainment
mixing might be a possible physical interpretation for such a positive
CER–AOD slope.
Method to retrieve cloud condensation nuclei number concentrations using lidar measurements
Authors: Tan Wangshu , Zhao Gang , Yu Yingli , Li Chengcai , Li Jian , Kang Ling , Zhu Tong , Zhao Chunsheng
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Determination of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number
concentrations at cloud base is important to constrain aerosol–cloud
interactions. A new method to retrieve CCN number concentrations using
backscatter and extinction profiles from multiwavelength Raman lidars is
proposed. The method implements hygroscopic enhancements of backscatter and
extinction with relative humidity to derive dry backscatter and extinction
and humidogram parameters. Humidogram parameters, Ångström
exponents, and lidar extinction-to-backscatter ratios are then linked to the
ratio of CCN number concentration to dry backscatter and extinction
coefficient (ARξ). This linkage is established based on
the datasets simulated by Mie theory and κ-Köhler theory with in-situ-measured particle size distributions and chemical compositions. CCN
number concentration can thus be calculated with ARξ and
dry backscatter and extinction. An independent theoretical simulated dataset
is used to validate this new method and results show that the retrieved CCN
number concentrations at supersaturations of 0.07 %, 0.10 %, and
0.20 % are in good agreement with theoretical calculated values.
Sensitivity tests indicate that retrieval error in CCN arises mostly from
uncertainties in extinction coefficients and RH profiles. The proposed
method improves CCN retrieval from lidar measurements and has great
potential in deriving scarce long-term CCN data at cloud base, which benefits
aerosol–cloud interaction studies.
MMS observations of energetic oxygen ions at the low-latitude duskside magnetopause during intense substorms
Authors: Zeng Chen , Duan Suping , Wang Chi , Dai Lei , Fuselier Stephen , Burch James , Torbert Roy , Giles Barbara , Russell Christopher
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Energetic oxygen ions O+ (> 1 keV) observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) satellites at the dusk flank magnetopause during the phase 1a and 1b are investigated. There are 31 dusk flank magnetopause crossing events during intense substorms (AE > 500 nT) are identified. These 31 events of energetic O+ at the dusk flank magnetopause include 9 events during the expansion phase and 22 events during the recovery phase of intense substorms. It is noted that 9 events of energetic O+ ion at the dusk flank magnetopause during intense substorms expansion phase are all under the southward IMF conditions. The number density of energetic O+ at the dusk flank magnetopause ranges from 0.01 cm−3 to 0.2 cm−3. The maximum number density ratio of O+/H+ is ~ 0.055 during intense substorm recovery phase with AE index about 610 nT and under the northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The number density ratio of O+/H+ also shows an exponential increase with the IMF By. While IMF Bz seems play a minor role in O+ abundance at the dusk flank magnetopause during intense substrom. Our observations suggest that energetic oxygen ions play a key role in the mass and energy transferring from the tail to the dayside in the magnetosphere during intense substorms.
Nutrient distribution and nitrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of nitrate in water masses of the subtropical southern Indian Ocean
Authors: Harms Natalie C. , Lahajnar Niko , Gaye Birgit , Rixen Tim , Dähnke Kirstin , Ankele Markus , Schwarz-Schampera Ulrich , Emeis Kay-Christian
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The Indian Ocean subtropical gyre (IOSG) is one of five
extensive subtropical gyres in the world's ocean. In contrast to those of
the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the IOSG has been sparsely studied. We
investigate the water mass distributions based on temperature, salinity and oxygen data, and the
concentrations of water column nutrients and the stable isotope composition of nitrate, using water samples collected between ∼30∘ S and the Equator during two expeditions: MSM 59/2 in 2016 and
SO 259 in 2017. Our results are the first from this oceanic region and provide new
information on nitrogen sources and transformation processes. We identify
the thick layer of nutrient-depleted surface waters of the oligotrophic IOSG
with nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-) concentrations of < 3 and < 0.3 µmol kg−1, respectively (< 300 m; σ < 26.4 kg−1 m−3). Increased nutrient concentrations towards the
Equator represent the northern limb of the gyre, which is characterized by typical
strong horizontal gradients of the outcropping nutriclines. The influx of
the Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) from the Southern Ocean injects oxygen-saturated waters with preformed nutrients, indicated by the increased N and O
isotope composition of nitrate (δ15N > 7 ‰; δ18O > 4 ‰) at 400–500 m (26.6–26.7 kg−1 m−3), into the subtropical thermocline. These values reflect partial
N assimilation in the Southern Ocean. Moreover, in the northern study area,
a residue of nitrate affected by denitrification in the Arabian Sea is
imported into intermediate and deep water masses (> 27.0 kg−1 m−3) of the gyre, indicated by an N deficit (N*
∼-1 to −4 µmol kg−1) and by elevated isotopic ratios
of nitrate (δ15N > 7 ‰; δ18O > 3 ‰). Remineralization of
partially assimilated organic matter, produced in the subantarctic, leads to a
decoupling of N and O isotopes in nitrate and results in a relatively low
Δ(15–18) value of < 3 ‰ within the SAMW. In
contrast, remineralization of 15N-enriched organic matter from
the Arabian Sea indicates higher Δ(15–18) values of > 4 ‰ within the Red Sea–Persian Gulf Intermediate Water
(RSPGIW). Thus, the subtropical southern Indian Ocean is supplied by preformed
nitrate from the lateral influx of water masses from regions exhibiting
distinctly different N-cycle processes documented in the dual isotope
composition of nitrate. Additionally, a significant contribution of
N2 fixation between 20.36 and 23.91∘ S is
inferred from reduced δ15N–NO3- values towards
surface waters (upward decrease of δ15N ∼2.4 ‰), N* values of > 2 µmol kg−1 and
a relatively low Δ(15–18) value of < 3 ‰. A
mass and isotope budget implies that at least 32 %–34 % of the nitrate in
the upper ocean between 20.36 and 23.91∘ S is
provided from newly fixed nitrogen, whereas N2 fixation appears to be
limited by iron or temperature south of 26∘ S.