bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Feature Transformation Approach on Selected Features based on Differential Expression Analysis and Unsupervised Classification Using SOM
Authors:   Docter, Becky Bell Briso , Celestin Vigila Maria ,   Associate Professor,Department of Information Technology, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education,Kumaracoil, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: February 2023

In the modern field of genomics there has been a lot of immense awareness in research, due to the formation of new and advanced data banks. These data banks act as a centre of all medical research biological views, which are functional and actively updated by various boards of bio-medical research council (NCBI). These data warehouses host a lot of multi-dimensional databases readily available for active analysis, algorithmic problem solving and efficient optimization to gain higher information. In this paper, it uses gene disease datasets to be acted on by differential gene analysis approaches such as Log2mean and negative binomial model to extract the most differential genes. Thus obtained genes undergo a feature transformation approachsuch as PCA to obtain highly significant genes. Then the data sets are learned using unsupervised learning based classification approach by using SOM based classifier to classify samples to give an efficient accuracy in predicting the categorical disease type samples. Thus this gives a comparison analysis of classification with feature transformation and classification without feature transformation. Similarly feature selection based classification is compared with transformed feature based classification. It also uses a hybrid approach of using feature transformation on selected genes and the categorical class samples while classification gives efficient accuracy on classification. The classification onL2M-NBIN based PCA transformed features shows better efficient accuracy than normal transformed PCA genes and selected L2M-NBIN based classification approaches.
Analysis Of Grid Based Password Authentication Techniques
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai, malini Hema , a Subathra ,   Research scholar, Department of Computer Science, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai,
Published: February 2023

The textual passwords have been used as an authentication method for a long time. It is well-known that users tend to select passwords that are easy to remember. It is easy for an attacker to obtain the password by probing for candidate passwords. This authentication method is easily cracked using some vulnerable techniques. Graphical password authentication is another method for the textual password-based method. Humans are better at recognizing graphical based information than text based information. The graphical password method is easy to use and securable than existing password techniques. Grid based password are also ones that have caught up with others in popularity. This paper analysis the security of such system.
Chaotic Van Der Pol Oscillator Control Algorithm Comparison
Authors: Ribordy Lauren , Sands Timothy
Published: February 2023

The Van der Pol oscillator is a chaotic non-linear system. Small perturbations in initial conditions may result in wildly different trajectories. Because of its chaotic nature, controlling, or forcing, the behavior of a Van der Pol oscillator is difficult to achieve through traditional adaptive control methods. Connecting two Van der Pol oscillators together where the output of one oscillator, the driver, drives the behavior of its partner, the responder, is a proven technique for controlling the Van der Pol oscillator. Deterministic AI (DAI) is an adaptive feedback control method that leverages the known physics of the Van der Pol system to learn optimal system parameters for the forcing function. We assessed the performance of DAI employing three different online parameter estimation algorithms. Our evaluation criteria include mean absolute error (MAE) between the target trajectory and the response oscillator trajectory over time. RLS with exponential forgetting (RLS-EF) had the lowest MAE overall, with a 2.46% reduction in error. However, another method was notable. Least Mean Squares with normalized gradient adaptation (LMS-NG) had worse initial error in the first 10% of the simulation, but after that point had consistently better performance. We found that over the last 90% of the simulation, DAI with LMS-NG had a 48.7% reduction in MAE compared to feedforward alone.
Salinized water as a strategy for increase stocking density in Heros severus larviculture, an Amazonian ornamental fish
Authors: Oliveira Leonnan Carlos Carvalho de , Silveira Bianca Gomes da , Nascimento Edileno Tiago de Sousa , Eiras Bruno José Corecha Fernandes , Moura Lorena Batista de , Salaro Ana Lúcia , Cordeiro Carlos Alberto Martins , Campelo Daniel Abreu Vasconcelos
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different salinized water (0, 3 and 6 g L-1) and stocking densities (10, 15 and 20 larvae L-1) in Heros severus larviculture. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3x3 factorial design, with three replicates. For this, a total of 405 larvae of H. severus were randomly distributed in 27 aquariums (1L) according to the treatments and after 15 days all the larvae were measured, weighed and counted. Higher values for final length, length gain and specific growth rate were observed in H. severus larvae raised at any stocking density tested at 3 g L-1 of salinized water (p < 0.05). The final weight and weight gain followed the same trend of the length, being higher in fish submitted to 3 g L-1 of salinized water (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the salinized water of 6 g L-1 was detrimental to larvae weight uniformity and survival rate (p < 0.05). The fish stocked at densities of 15 or 20 larvae L-1 presented the best results of final weight and weight gain (p < 0.05). The stocking density of 20 larvae L-1 in salinized water at 3 g L-1 is recommended for H. severus larviculture.
XVII. Yüzyıl Bursa’sında Halka Yemek Dağıtımı Hizmetleri [Vakfiye ve Vasiyetnameler Işığında]
Authors: BAŞOL Samettin
Published: February 2023

Türklerde yemek dağıtımı ve ikramı geleneği köklü bir geçmişe sahiptir. Bu uygulamanın bir ayağı Orta Asya Türk toplumlarındaki töreye diğer ayağı İslam an’anesine kadar uzanır. Meseleye Osmanlı Devleti zamanından bakılacak olursa hükümdarlar ve devlet adamları kurdukları vakıflarla ve imarethanelerle her fırsatta halka yemek dağıtma, yedirmeyi önemli bir iş saydılar. Osmanlı toplumunda birçok kişi de vakıflar veya vasiyetler yoluyla yemek dağıtma ve halkı doyurma geleneğini sürdürdüler.
Makalenin amacı on yedinci yüzyıl Bursa’sında toplumun hayır amaçlı yemek hazırlama ve dağıtımı geleneğini belgeler üzerinden ortaya koymak ve değerlendirmektir. Burada ele alınan esas konu imarethanelerden halka sunulan kurumsal yemek servisi işi değil, bireysel olarak yemek dağıtımı hizmetidir. Bursa’da o dönemde toplumun hangi tabakasından kişiler yedirip içirme amaçlı vakıf kurmuşlardır? Dağıtılan yemeklerden toplumun hangi kesimleri yararlanabilmiştir? Belgelerde, ikram edilen yiyecek içecek türlerine örnekler var mıdır? Hazırlatılan yemeklerin nerede ve ne zaman yeneceğine dair bilgiler mevcut mudur? Çalışmada bu türden sorulara cevaplar aranmıştır. Konu Bursa şehir merkezine ait vakfiye ve vasiyetname türü belgeler üzerinden araştırılmıştır. Söz konusu belgeler doküman analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir.
Normative Femoral and Tibial Lengths in a Modern Population of Twenty-First-Century U.S. Children
Authors: Chen Chunho , Milbrandt Todd A. , Babadi Elham , Duong Stephanie Q. , Larson Dirk R. , Shaughnessy William J. , Stans Anthony A. , Hull Nathan C. , Peterson Hamlet A. , Larson A. Noelle
Published: February 2023

Background:

The Green-Anderson (GA) leg-length data remain the gold standard for the age-based assessment of leg lengths in children despite their methodologic weaknesses. We aimed to summarize current growth trends among a cross-sectional cohort of modern U.S. children using quantile regression methods and to compare the median femoral and tibial lengths of the modern U.S. children with those of the GA cohort.

Methods:

A retrospective review of scanograms and upright slot-scanning radiographs obtained in otherwise healthy children between 2008 and 2020 was completed. A search of a radiology registry revealed 3,508 unique patients between the ages of 2 and 18 years for whom a standard-of-care scanogram or slot-scanning radiograph had been made. All patients with systemic illness, genetic conditions, or generalized diseases that may affect height were excluded. Measurements from a single leg at a single time point per subject were included, and the latest available time point was used for children who had multiple scanograms made. Quantile regression analysis was used to fit the lengths of the tibia and femur and overall leg length separately for male patients and female patients.

Results:

Seven hundred patients (328 female and 372 male) met the inclusion criteria. On average, the reported 50th percentile tibial lengths from the GA study at each time point were shorter than the lengths in this study by 2.2 cm (range, 1.4 to 3.3 cm) for boys and 2 cm (range, 1.1 to 3.1 cm) for girls. The reported 50th percentile femoral lengths from the GA study at each time point were shorter than the lengths in this study by 1.8 cm (range, 1.1 to 2.5 cm) for boys and 1.7 cm (range, 0.8 to 2.3 cm) shorter for girls.

Conclusions:

This study developed new growth charts for femoral and tibial lengths in a modern U.S. population of children. The new femoral and tibial lengths at nearly all time points are 1 to 3 cm longer than traditional GA data. The use of GA data for epiphysiodesis could result in underestimation of expected childhood growth.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Lactate Mediates the Bone Anabolic Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training by Inducing Osteoblast Differentiation
Authors: Zhu Zhenglin , Chen Yi , Zou Jing , Gao Shengqiang , Wu Dandong , Li Xuelun , Hu Ning , Zhao Jinzhong , Huang Wei , Chen Hong
Published: February 2023

Background:

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) reportedly improves bone metabolism and increases bone mineral density (BMD). The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether lactate mediates the beneficial effects of exercise on BMD, bone microarchitecture, and biomechanical properties in an established osteoporotic animal model. In addition, we hypothesized that lactate-induced bone augmentation is achieved through enhanced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization.

Methods:

A total of 50 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated into 5 groups: the nonovariectomized group, the ovariectomized group (OVX), the HIIT group (OVX + HIIT), the HIIT with lactate transporter inhibition group (OVX + HIIT + INH), and the lactate subcutaneous injection group (OVX + LAC). After 7 weeks of intervention, bone mass, bone strength, and bone formation/resorption processes were evaluated via microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), biomechanical testing, histological analysis, and serum biochemical assays; in vitro studies were performed to explore the bone anabolic effect of lactate at the cellular level.

Results:

Micro-CT revealed significantly increased BMD in both the OVX + HIIT group (mean difference, 41.03 mg hydroxyapatite [HA]/cm3[95% CI, 2.51 to 79.54 mg HA/cm3]; p = 0.029) and the OVX + LAC group (mean difference, 40.40 mg HA/cm3[95% CI, 4.08 to 76.71 mg HA/cm3]; p = 0.031) compared with the OVX group. Biomechanical testing demonstrated significantly improved mechanical properties in those 2 groups. However, the beneficial effects of exercise on bone microstructure and biomechanics were largely abolished by blocking the lactate transporter. Notably, histological and biochemical results indicated that increased bone formation was responsible for the bone augmentation effects of HIIT and lactate. Cell culture studies showed a marked increase in the expression of osteoblastic markers with lactate treatment, which could be eliminated by blocking the lactate transporter.

Conclusions:

Lactate may have mediated the bone anabolic effect of HIIT in osteoporotic mice, which may have resulted from enhanced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization.

Clinical Relevance:

Lactate may mediate the bone anabolic effect of HIIT and serve as a potential inexpensive therapeutic strategy for bone augmentation.
Charity Box Based Camera and Security System Internet Of Things and Telegram
Authors: Ma'ruf Imam Fahmi Udin , Jamaaluddin  , Anshory Izza
Published: February 2023

Theft in a place of worship is a crime by stealing things that are not privately owned but public propertywithout permission and these activities are carried out from religious places such as mosques, churches andmonasteries. The theft of charity box funds is an interesting topic for some people and the mosque manager personallyin particular, considering that charity box funds are general funds intended for the renovation or purchase of mosqueneeds and the needs of religious events. By using a microcontroller as an auxiliary component to monitor valuables.This microcontroller control system can be used to secure charity box funds in any mosque equipped with a securityfeature based on Selenoid door locks that can only be opened by ESP 32-CAM and using a vibration sensor will detectshocks and a buzzer will sound. sounds like an alarm for Telegram to alert the Mosque management in the event ofthe forced destruction of the charity box. So, looking at the source of the problem and technological developments ashappened before, it is very appropriate to use them to reduce the rampant theft in mosques. Therefore researcherswill design a tool, namely a camera system and security for charity boxes based on the internet of things and telegrams.
Water usability: a descriptive parameter of thermodynamic properties and water mobility in glucose/whey protein isolates composite solid matrices
Authors: Fan Fanghui , Cui Tingting , Wu Xukai , Mou Tian
Published: February 2023

A classic problem in preservation is the microbes can grow in low-moisture foods. In this paper, the water sorption and thermodynamic properties of glucose/WPI solid matrices were measured, while their molecular mobility was analyzed and associated with the microbial growth of D. Hansenii at various aw and 30 ºC. Although the sorption isotherms, Tg, and relaxation processes of studied matrices were affected by aw and WPI, the microbial growth showed highly dependent on water mobility rather than aw. Hence, we introduced water usability (Uw), derived from the mobility difference between system-involved water and liquid pure water explicating from the classical thermodynamic viewpoint, to describe the dynamic changes of water mobility in glucose/WPI matrices. Despite to aw, the yeast growth rate was enhanced at high Uw matrices concomitantly with a rapid cell doubling time. Therefore, the proposed Uw provides a better understanding of the water relationships of microorganisms in food preservation.
Evaluation on Configuration Stiffness of Overconstrained 2R1T Parallel Mechanisms
Authors: Ma Xuejian , Xu Zhenghe , Xu Yundou , Wang Yu , Yao Jiantao , Zhao Yongsheng
Published: February 2023

Currently, two rotations and one translation (2R1T) three-degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel mechanisms (PMs) are widely applied in five-DOF hybrid machining robots. However, there lacks an effective method to evaluate the configuration stiffness of mechanisms during the mechanism design stage. It is a challenge to select appropriate 2R1T PMs with excellent stiffness performance during the design stage. Considering the operational status of 2R1T PMs, the bending and torsional stiffness are considered indices to evaluate PMs' configuration stiffness. Then a specific method is proposed to calculate these stiffness indices. At first, each branch's different types of structural and driving stiffness are judged initially, and their specific values are defined. Then the rigid-flexible coupled force model of the over-constrained 2R1T PM is established, and the proposed evaluation method is used to analyze the configuration stiffness of the five 2R1T PMs in the entire workspace. Finally, the driving force and constraint force of each branch in the whole working space are calculated to further explain the stiffness evaluating results by using the proposed method above. Obtained results demonstrate that the bending and torsional stiffness of the 2RPU/UPR/RPR mechanism along the x- and y-directions are larger than the other four mechanisms.
A T-S Fuzzy Based Model Predictive Control Method for the Direct Yaw Moment Control System Design
Authors: Wang Faan , Liu Xinqi , Yin Guodong , Xu Liwei , Liang Jinhao , Wang Yan , Lu Yanbo
Published: February 2023

Distributed drive electric vehicles (DDEVs) endow the ability to improve the vehicle stability performance through the direct yaw-moment control (DYC). However, the nonlinear characteristics pose a great challenge to the vehicle dynamics control. For this purpose, this paper studies the DYC through the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy based model predictive control to deal with the nonlinear challenge. First, a T-S fuzzy based vehicle dynamics model is established to describe the time-varying tire cornering stiffness and vehicle speeds and thus the uncertain parameters can be represented by the norm-bounded uncertainties. Then, a robust model predictive control (MPC) is developed to guarantee the vehicle handling stability. A feasible solution can be obtained through a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the tests are conducted by the Carsim/Simulink joint platform to verify the proposed method. The comparative results show that the proposed strategy can effectively guarantee the vehicle lateral stability while handling the nonlinear challenge.
miR-224-5p inhibits proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting IL6ST inactivation of JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Tian Jiao , Xiao Ting , He Yiming , Zhang Zihui , Zhu Yuxin , Ren Haixia , Zhang Liang , Li Lei , Li Wei , Zhang Weidong , Zhou Honggang
Published: February 2023

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more than 85% of lung cancer, with high morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that microRNA can specifically inhibit the progression of NSCLC. MiR-224-5p can regulate tumor progression in many cancers, but its function and mechanism in NSCLC aren’t clear. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-224-5p was reduced in NSCLC tissue and cells than normal lung tissue and cells. At the same time, miR-224-5p negatively regulates the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells. Inhibition of miR-224-5p expression in A549 cells could promote cell proliferation, invasion, migration and VM formation in vitro and tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo, while over expression of miR-224-5p in H226 cells reversed the effect. Besides, we predicted target gene and found that IL6ST is a potential target gene of miR-224-5p. The expression of miR-224-5p is negatively correlated with IL6ST and activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Over expression of IL6ST reversed the effects of miR-224-5p on migration, invasion and activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in H226 cells. In conclusion, this study revealed that miR-224-5p can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC by targeting inhibition of IL6ST gene transcriptional and inactivation of JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway.
A Pattern of Stable Isotopes and a Toroidal Helical Wave Orbital Model
Authors: Lin Jingfeng , Lin Guangyi
Published: February 2023

We investigate a pattern of isotopes with the highest isotopic abundance, the number of nucleons of some stable isotopes tends to A=S(S+1)-2, this means that S is probably the number of shells. Therefore, we propose a nucleon arrangement model that can include all magic numbers. Furthermore, based on some simple patterns in atomic nuclei, such as shell structures, magic numbers, magnetic moment and collective modes, we developed a toroidal helical wave orbital model to explore the microstructure of isotopes that matches the proposed arrangement pattern.
Surprising sex differences indicate davunetide-mediated brain protection and clinical efficacy in women suffering from progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Gozes Illana , Shapira Guy , Lobyntseva Alexandra , Shomron Noam
Published: February 2023

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a pure tauopathy, implicating davunetide, enhancing Tau-microtubule interaction, as an ideal drug candidate. However, mixing men and women concluded no efficacy. In contrast, here, analyzing sex-dependency in a comprehensive 52-weeks PSP clinical trial (313 patients), showed clear baseline differences in brain ventricular volumes. Significant age/decreased ventricular volume correlations in davunetide-treated females, and highly significant baseline ventricular volume-dependent/volume increase correlations in placebo-treated females were observed, while males showed no effects. Using sophisticated statistics, female-specific davunetide-mediated protection of ventricular volume was directly correlated with primary trial-endpoints, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (SEADL), and PSP Rating Scale (PSPRS). Davunetide-treated females showed slower deterioration in SEADL, and in the bulbar domain of PSPRS including speaking and swallowing difficulties caused by brain damage. Together with slower disease progression seen in men, the results reveal gender-based drug efficacy, demonstrating the neuroprotective, disease-modifying impact of davunetide treatment in female PSP patients.
Galectin-9 has non-apoptotic cytotoxic activity towards Acute Myeloid Leukemia independent of cytarabine resistance
Authors: Wiersma Valerie , Choukrani Ghizlane , Visser Nienke , Avtenyuk Natasha Ustyanovska , Olthuis Mirjam , Marsman Glenn , Ammatuna Emanuele , Lourens Harm Jan , Niki Toshiro , Huls Gerwin , Bremer Edwin
Published: February 2023

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy still associated with poor survival rates, among others due to frequent occurrence of therapy-resistant relapse after standard-of-care treatment with cytarabine (AraC). AraC triggers apoptotic cell death, a type of cell death to which AML cells often become resistant. Therefore, therapeutic options that trigger an alternate type of cell death are of particular interest. We previously identified that the glycan-binding protein Galectin-9 (Gal-9) has tumor-selective and non-apoptotic cytotoxicity towards various types of cancer, which depended on autophagy inhibition. Thus, Gal-9 could be of therapeutic interest for (AraC-resistant) AML. In the current study, treatment with Gal-9 was cytotoxic for AML cells, including for CD34+ patient-derived AML stem cells, but not for healthy cord blood-derived CD34+ stem cells. This Gal-9-mediated cytotoxicity did not rely on apoptosis but negatively associated with autophagic flux. Importantly, both AraC-sensitive and -resistant AML cell lines as well as AML patient samples were sensitive to single agent treatment with Gal-9. Additionally, Gal-9 potentiated the cytotoxic effect of DNA demethylase inhibitor Azacytidine (Aza), a drug that is clinically used for patients that are not eligible for intensive AraC treatment. Thus, Gal-9 is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AML, including AraC resistant AML, by inducing caspase-independent cell death.
Finite Element Analysis of Metal and Nonmetal Strain Wave Gear
Authors: Yu Zhiyuan
Published: February 2023

This paper studies the feasibility of using polymer for strain wave gear based on finite element analysis (FEA). The FEA model includes strain wave gear’s three major components: flexspline, circular spline, and wave generator. It uses high quality quadrilateral elements for the three-dimensional tooth surfaces, which have conjugated tooth profile and its modifications. The simulation has been verified by a prototype strain wave gear’s contact pattern testing. A theoretical model to analyze the strain wave gear’s stress has been established to guide the selection of high-performance polymers for the strain wave gear. A sample design has been studied to comparing the polymer and metal strain wave gear. The simulation results show that polymer can reduce the strain wave gear’s circumferential stress by up to 98%, and torque induced stress by up to 70% at rated torque. The factor of safety against static load reduces by 21%, however the fatigue factory of safety increases by 16% according to Soderberg criteria. The polymer strain wave gear’s torsional stiffness is lower than metal, and the transmission error at different torque is characterized by the FEA simulation. Due to strain wave gear’s operating theory, polymer has unique advantages when used for strain wave gears than used for solid gears. Polymer’s flexibility will directly reduce the stress induced by flexspline’s designed deformation, and reduce the stress induced by torque load because of the contact ratio’s increase. Together with properties such as light weight, high specific strength, self-lubrication, and low material and manufacturing cost, high performance polymer is an ideal material candidate for strain wave gears.
Prevalence of COVID-19 and Long COVID in Collegiate Student Athletes from Spring 2020 to Fall 2021: A Retrospective Survey
Authors: Massey Daisy , Saydah Sharon , Adamson Blythe , Lincoln Andrew , Aukerman Douglas F. , Berke Ethan M. , Sikka Robby , Krumholz Harlan M.
Published: February 2023

Background. Symptomatic COVID-19 and post-COVID conditions, also referred to as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) or Long COVID, have been widely reported in young, healthy people, but their prevalence has not yet been determined in student athletes. We sought to estimate the prevalence of reported COVID-19, symptomatic COVID-19, and Long COVID in college athletes in the United States attending 18 schools from spring 2020 to fall 2021.
Methods. We developed an online survey to measure the prevalence of student athletes who tested positive for COVID-19, developed Long COVID, and did not return to their sport during the relevant time period. We surveyed a convenience sample of 18 collegiate school administrators, representing about 7,000 student athletes.
Results. According to the survey responses, there were 9.8% of student athletes who tested positive for COVID-19 in spring 2020 and 25.4% who tested positive in the academic year of fall 2020 to spring 2021. About 4% of student athletes who tested positive from spring 2020 to spring 2021 developed Long COVID, defined as new, recurring, or ongoing physical or mental health consequences occurring 4 or more weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Conclusions. This study highlights that Long COVID occurs among young, healthy athletes and is a real consequence of COVID-19. Understanding the prevalence, duration, and lasting consequences of Long COVID requires longer follow-up and further study.
Ultra-low friction and stiffness dependence of interlayer friction in graphite flakes under various rotation angles
Authors: Peng Yitian , Yu Kang , Xu Peipei , Huang Yao , Lang Haojie , Ding Shuyang
Published: February 2023

The 60-degree rotational symmetry of graphene layers leads to remarkable physical and mechanical phenomena. One corresponds to ultralow sliding friction and friction coefficient between incommensurate graphene layers. A pick-up method was proposed to pick graphite flake to microsphere probe and achieved graphite and graphite tribo-pair. Ultralow friction was attained for various rotation angles, and the friction coefficient was kept at the range of 10− 3. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was employed to reveal the angular dependence of friction, and the calculations are partially consistent with the experimental results. The difference of angle-dependence ultralow friction between experimental results and DFT calculations was observed, which was greatly influenced by the stiffness of the system. Friction hysteresis, abnormal shape of pull-off curves and long jumps in stick-slip were further demonstrated the stiffness of the system had changed during the friction measurements. The contact geometry in our experiment was a finite, symmetric, nanometer-sized (less than 1nm), flexible graphite flake and a rigid graphite surface. The tribological system offers an experimental platform to study interlayer friction and contact geometry.
Familial Epilepsy Associated with Concurrent CHRNB2 Mutation and RBFOX1 Exon Deletion
Authors: Xu Tony , Dorris Luong , Zhong Ning
Published: February 2023

Background
Understanding the genetic basis of epilepsy may lead to an improved understanding of the etiology, more precise medical management, and ultimately improved outcomes. It is imperative for patients with epilepsy to obtain a molecular diagnosis, especially when a strong familial epilepsy is discovered.
Case presentation
The proband was a 19 years old female who experienced focal onset seizures, with presenting symptoms of feeling dizzy, disorientation, and passing out. Her EEG studies revealed interictally focal slow and sharp waves in either the left or right hemisphere. EEG monitoring data showed that the seizures arose from the left fronto-temporal regions. Her brain MRI was normal. The proband sister also suffered from focal onset seizures. Her EEG showed focal epileptiform discharge in the right temporal regions, and a subsequent brain MRI was unrevealing. Two genetic tests were conducted for the proband: 1) array CGH revealed 16p13.3 deletion but no 22q deletion; and 2) NGS Epilepsy Panel revealed a few variants of uncertain significance (VUS) including in CHRNB2 (c.1423A >G, p.Ile475Val) and RBFOX1 (exon1-2 deletion). The proband’s sister also carries both the CHRNB2 variant and RBFOX1 deletion. The proband’s father carries the CHRNB2 variant her brother and her mother carry the deletion of RBFOX1.
Conclusions
In this family, the co-expression of the CHRNB2 variant and RBFOX1 deletion may cause the clinical seizures seen in the proband and her sister. It is also possible that the RBFOX1 deletion is associated with an increased risk of seizure disorder with variable expressivity.
Age at Surgery and Native Liver Survival in Biliary Atresia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hoshino Eri , Muto Yamato , Sakai Kotomi , Shimohata Nobuyuki , Urayama Kevin , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Biliary atresia (BA) is a childhood rare disease of the liver and bile ducts that requires prompt surgical intervention. Age at surgery is an important prognostic factor; however, controversy exists with regards to the benefit of early Kasai procedure (KP). We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between the age at KP and native liver survival (NLS) of BA patients.
Methods
We performed the electronic database search using Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Ichushi Web and included all relevant studies published from 1968 up to May 3, 2022. Studies which examined the timing of KP at age 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, and/or 150 days were included. The outcome measures of interest were NLS rates at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 years post-KP and the hazard ratio or risk ratio for NLS. The quality assessment was used using the ROBINS-I tool.
Results
Among 1,653 potentially eligible studies, 9 articles met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis for hazard ratios revealed that there was significantly faster time to liver transplantation in the group of patients who had KP at later timing as compared with earlier KP (HR=2.12, 95% CI 1.51-2.97). The risk ratio comparing KP <30 days and KP >31 days on native liver survival was 1.22 (95%CI 1.13-1.31). The sensitivity analysis showed that comparing KP <30 days and KP 31-60 days, the risk ratio was 1.13, 95%CI 1.04-1.22.
Conclusion
Our meta-analysis showed the importance of early diagnosis and surgical interventions ideally before 30 days of life in infants with BA on native liver survival on 5, 10, and 20 years. Therefore, effective newborn screening of BA targeting KP <30 days is needed to ensure prompt diagnosis of affected infants.
CXCL9 and CXCL13 coordinately shape the immune-activated microenvironment of endometrial cancer via tertiary lymphoid structure formation
Authors: Kodama Makoto , Nagase Yoshihiro , Aimono Eriko , Nakamura Kohei , Takamatsu Reika , Abe Keiko , Yoshimura Takuma , Chiyoda Tatsuyuki , Yamagami Wataru , Aoki Daisuke ,   hnishihara1971@keio.jp muto
Published: February 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been successfully applied to various cancers; however, not all patients respond to ICI therapy. Tumors with an immune-activated environment are more responsive to ICIs. To identify the cells and molecules essential to the formation of an immune-activated cancer microenvironment, we focused on the tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) and performed histological and genomic analyses using endometrial cancer material. In the high immunogenic group, numerous TLSs were observed and CXCL9 and CXCL13 expression levels were markedly increased. We established that CXCL9-positive antigen-presenting and CXCL13-positive follicular dendritic cells were distributed in the T and B cell zone of TLS, respectively. A group of molecules upregulated along with CXCL9 and CXCL13 expression were strongly associated with cellular immunity. These results suggest that CXCL9-expressing antigen-presenting cells and CXCL13-expressing follicular dendritic cells coordinately shape the immune-activated microenvironment through TLS formation.
RCS: a fast path planning algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Divkoti Mohammad Reza Ranjbar , Nouri-Baygi Mostafa
Published: February 2023

Path planning is a major problem in autonomous vehicles. In recent years, with the increase in applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), one of the main challenges is path planning, particularly in adversarial environments. In this paper, we consider the problem of planning a collision-free path for a UAV in a polygonal domain from a source point to a target point. Based on the characteristics of UAVs, we assume two basic limitations on the generated paths: an upper bound on the turning angle at each turning point (maximum turning angle) and a lower bound on the distance between two consecutive turns (minimum route leg length).
We describe an algorithm that runs in O(n2 log n) time and finds a feasible path in accordance with the above limitations, where $n$ is the number of obstacle vertices. As shown by experiments, the output of the algorithm is much close to the shortest path with this requirement (always below about 10% of the shortest path), in a much smaller time (up to 10000 quicker, in our experiments). We further demonstrate how to decompose the algorithm into two phases, a preprocessing and a query phase. In this way, given a fixed start point and a set of obstacles, we can preprocess a data structure of size O(n2) in O(n2 log n) time, such that for any query target point we can find a path with the given requirements in O(n log n) time. Finally, we modify the algorithm to find a feasible (almost shortest) path that reaches the target point within a given range of directions.
WITHDRAWN: Revealing the surface treatment technique and degradation characteristics of textiles from a set of thangkas of the mid-Qing Dynasty (1776-1839 CE)
Authors: Zhu Zhanyun , Wang Jia , Zhong Yijia , Ma Qinglin , Li Zhimin , Cao Jing
Published: February 2023

In this paper, X-ray microtomography, scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive spectroscopy, second harmonic generation imaging microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry etc. were combined for the scientific examination of the surface treatment technique and degradation characteristics of hemp textiles from six mid-Qing thangkas. The results showed that kaolinite was added as a filler in the production of the canvas, and the fiber morphology and molecular structure of the six hemp thangka textiles were disparate from those of fresh hemp. Specifically, the canvas fiber surfaces were rough, with twisting, deformation, fracture, and decreased cellulose crystallinity indexes. Those results indicated that all six thangkas had undergone significant degradation, which was relatively severe in samples TK16 and TK18. By complimentary evidence derived from the above analyses, the information on the production technique and degradation degree of this group of precious thangkas were obtained, thus enabling the accurate assessment of the preservation status of the thangkas, and providing a scientific basis for its conservation and restoration.
The analyses of the relation between osteoporosis and coffee/green tea/soda drink intake: A cross-sectional study using KoGES HEXA data
Authors: Choi Hyo Geun , Kim So Young , Lee Suk Woo
Published: February 2023

Background:The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between coffee, green tea, and soda drink intake and the risk of osteoporosis using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).Methodology:Data for patients with osteoporosis (n=11,484) and controls (n=156,320) were extracted using a national cohort study with KoGES Health Examiner (HEXA) data of participants over 40 years of age. We then analyzed the history of coffee/green tea/soda drink intake frequency at baseline from 2004 to 2013 and follow-up data from 2012 to 2016.Results:Regardless of the frequency of coffee intake, coffee intake showed lower odds ratios (ORs) for osteoporosis compared to the non-intake group, but not green tea and soda drink intake did not. According to the subgroup analysis by age and sex, coffee intake showed a lower ORs for osteoporosis in the both group of women age < 53 years of age and ≥ 53 years of age regardless of the frequency of coffee intake.Conclusion:The conclusion of this study was that coffee intake was associated with lower incidence of osteoporosis in Korean women over 40 years of age, regardless of age.
Prediction of pathologic complete response after single-dose MR-guided partial breast irradiation in low-risk breast cancer patients: the ABLATIVE-2 trial - a study protocol
Authors: Civil Yasmin A. , Oei Arlene L. , Duvivier Katya M. , Bijker Nina , Meijnen Philip , Donkers Lorraine , Verheijen Sonja , Kesteren Zdenko van , Palacios Miguel A. , Schijf Laura J. , Barbé Ellis , Konings Inge R.H.M. , Oordt C. Willemien Menke-van der Houven van , Westhoff Paulien G. , Meijer Hanneke J.M. , Diepenhorst Gwen M.P. , Thijssen Victor , Mouliere Florent , Slotman Berend J. , Velde Susanne van der , Bongard H.J.G. Desirée van den
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Partial breast irradiation (PBI) is standard of care in low-risk breast cancer patients after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Pre-operative PBI can result in tumor downstaging and more precise target definition possibly resulting in less treatment-related toxicity. This study aims to assess the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate one year after MR-guided single-dose pre-operative PBI in low-risk breast cancer patients.
METHODS: The ABLATIVE-2 trial is a multicenter prospective single-arm trial using single-dose ablative PBI in low-risk breast cancer patients. Patients ≥ 50 years with non-lobular invasive breast cancer ≤ 2 cm, grade 1 or 2, estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative, and tumor-negative sentinel node procedure are eligible. A total of 100 patients will be enrolled. PBI treatment planning will be performed using a radiotherapy planning CT and -MRI in treatment position. The treatment delivery will take place on a conventional or MR-guided linear accelerator. The prescribed radiotherapy dose is a single dose of 20 Gy to the tumor, and 15 Gy to the 2 cm of breast tissue surrounding the tumor. Follow-up MRIs, scheduled at baseline, 2 weeks, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after PBI, are combined with liquid biopsies to identify biomarkers for pCR prediction. BCS will be performed 12 months after radiotherapy or after 6 months, if MRI does not show a radiologic complete response. The primary endpoint is the pCR rate after PBI. Secondary endpoints are radiologic response, toxicity, quality of life, cosmetic outcome, patient distress, oncological outcomes, and the evaluation of biomarkers in liquid biopsies and tumor tissue. Patients will be followed up to 10 years after radiation therapy.
DISCUSSION: This trial will investigate the pathological tumor response after pre-operative single-dose PBI after 12 months in patients with low-risk breast cancer. In comparison with previous trial outcomes, a longer interval between PBI and BCS of 12 months is expected to increase the pCR rate of 42% after 6-8 months. In addition, response monitoring using MRI and biomarkers will help to predict pCR. Accurate pCR prediction will allow omission of surgery in future patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered prospectively on April 28th 2022 at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05350722).
Selective removal of misfolded SOD1 delays disease onset in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Guan Teng , Zhou Ting , Zhang Xiaosha , Guo Ying , Yang Chaoxian , Lin Justin , Zhang Jiasi Vicky , Cheng Yongquan , Marzban Hassan , Wang Yu-Tian , Kong Jiming
Published: February 2023

Background
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease. There is no cure currently. The discovery that mutations in the gene SOD1 are a cause of ALS marks a breakthrough for the search of effective treatments for ALS. SOD1 is an antioxidant that is highly expressed in motor neurons. Human SOD1 is prone to aberrant modifications. Familial ALS-linked SOD1 variants are particularly susceptible to aberrant modifications. Once modified, SOD1 undergoes conformational changes and becomes misfolded. This study aims to determine the effect of selective removal of misfolded SOD1 on the pathogenesis of ALS.
Methods
Based on chaperone-mediated protein degradation pathway, we designed a fusion peptide named CT4, and tested its efficiency in knocking down intracellularly misfolded SOD1 and its efficacy in modifying pathogenesis of ALS.
Results
Expression of plasmid carrying the CT4 sequence in human HEK cells resulted in robust removal of misfolded SOD1 induced by serum deprivation. Co-transfection of the CT4 and the human SOD1 G93A plasmids at various ratios in rat PC12 cells demonstrated a dose-dependent knockdown efficiency on G93A, which could be further increased when misfolding of SOD1 was enhanced by serum deprivation. Application of the full length CT4 peptide to primary cultures of neurons expressing the G93A variant of human SOD1 revealed a time-course of the degradation of misfolded SOD1; misfolded SOD1 started to decrease by 2 h after the application of CT4 and disappeared by 7 h. Intravenous administration of the CT4 peptide at 10 mg/kg to the G93A mice at the age of 4 months old induced reduction of human SOD1 in spinal cord tissue by 68% in 24 h and 54% in 48 h. Intraperitoneal administration of the CT4 peptide starting from 60 days of age significantly delayed the onset of ALS and prolonged the lifespan of the G93A mice.
Conclusions
The CT4 peptide directs degradation of misfolded SOD1 in high efficiency and specificity. Selective removal of misfolded SOD1 significantly delays the onset of ALS, demonstrating that misfolded SOD1 is the toxic form of SOD1 that causes motor neuron death. The study provides a proof of concept that selective removal of misfolded SOD1 is a promising treatment for ALS.
Anti-cgrp Monoclonal Antibodies in Chronic Migraine Prophilaxys: Efficacy and Safety in Patients Treated With Botulinum Toxin a
Authors: Butera Calogera , Cetta Ilaria , Messina Roberta , Zanandrea Laura , Santangelo Roberto , Colombo Bruno , Filippi Massimo , Carro Ubaldo Del
Published: February 2023

Since the high burden of chronic migraine (CM), it is challenging to identify the best prevention treatment. Based on the preclinical evidences about the different therapeutic targets of OnabotulinumtoxinA (BT-A), acting on C-fibers and anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) acting on Aδ-fibers, the rationale of using as alternative or combining therapies has been hypothesized.
Until now, the association of BT-A and mAbs has been poorly investigated.
This study aimed to evaluate whether mAbs is effective and safe in CM patients previously treated with BT-A, either as alternative or add-on treatment. We enrolled 47 patients: according to the response to BT-A treatment, patients were defined Non-responder (NR) and Partial-responder (PR). NR were shifted to mAbs. PR were randomly divided into those who added mAbs therapy (PR-P) and those who shifted treatment (PR-S), interrupting BT-A. Clinical variables were collected at baseline, after three and six months.
Study results evidenced the efficacy of mAbs in improving clinical outcomes in CM patients, with a better response in PR group. No statistically significant differences of clinical changes were observed between PR-P and PR-S groups. No safety concerns were raised in combined treatments. Preventive prophylaxis with mAbs is effective, even in difficult to treat CM patients. Further studies, with a larger sample size, are needed to highlight a potential additive effect of combined therapies.
Effects of plant extracts on in-vitro gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation of four fibrous feeds: Thought sustainable animal diets
Authors: Gonzalez-Ronquillo Manuel , Ghavipanje Navid , Sainz-Ramírez Aurora , Celis-Alvarez Maria Danaee , Plata-Reyes Dalia Andrea , Jimenez Lizbeth E. Robles , VARGAS-BELLO-PEREZ EINAR
Published: February 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing doses: 0 (control), 6 (low), 12 (medium), and 18 (high) ml/g DM of plant extracts (Moringa, Thyme, and Rosemary) on in-vitro gas production (IVGP) of four fibrous feeds (Penisetum clandestium, Alfalfa hay, Oat hay, and corn stover). IVGP were assessed using three fistulated goats and incubation of samples at specified times. At the end of incubation, the dry matter degradability (DMd), gas yield (GY24), metabolizable energy (ME), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and microbial crude protein production (MCP) were determined. The results showed that the increasing extract dose had neither linear nor quadratic effect (P > 0.05) on gas production (GP) of all fibrous feeds. Addition of plant extract also increased (P ≤ 0.05) GP at all incubation times being higher for Thyme. Addition of Moringa, Thyme, and Rosemary extracts altered ruminal fermentation parameters including ME, MCP, SCFA, the partitioning factor at 72 h of incubation (PF72), and DMd being higher for Thyme followed by Rosemary and Moringa. As a conclusion, the inclusion of Thyme increases GP, ME, MCP, SCFA, PF72, and DMd compared with Rosemary and Moringa plant extracts. However, additional in-vivo studies should be conducted to confirm these effects.