bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Very High Temperature Hall Sensors in a Wafer‐Scale 4H‐SiC Technology
Authors: Okeil Hesham , Erlbacher Tobias , Wachutka Gerhard
Published: August 2024

4H‐SiC is a key enabler for realizing integrated electronics operating in harsh environments, which exhibit very high temperatures. Through advances in 4H‐SiC process technology, different sensor and circuit types have been demonstrated to operate stable at temperatures as high as 800 °C, paving the way toward harsh‐environment immune smart sensors. In this work, for the first time the operation of ion‐implanted 4H‐SiC Hall sensors realized in a wafer scale Bipolar‐CMOS‐DMOS technology is demonstrated at a wide operation temperature range spanning room temperature up to 500 °C in addition to short‐term operation up to 600 °C. The temperature‐dependent sensor characteristics of 15–22 samples are evaluated in terms of sensitivity and noise. The small inter‐device variations reflect the stability of the used process for very high temperature Hall sensors. The noise‐limited detectivity is further evaluated, revealing a best value of 950 nT/ and a mean detectivity of 1 µT/ at 500 °C. This is the best value reported up to date for very high temperature Hall sensors, besides being the first demonstration of ion‐implanted wide‐bandgap Hall sensors. Overall, the results reflect the potential of the demonstrated Hall sensors for the next generation of integrated magnetic field sensors in harsh environments.
Real Time Tracking of Nanoconfined Water‐Assisted Ion Transfer in Functionalized Graphene Derivatives Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Padinjareveetil Akshay Kumar K. , Pykal Martin , Bakandritsos Aristides , Zbořil Radek , Otyepka Michal , Pumera Martin
Published: August 2024

Water molecules confined in nanoscale spaces of 2D graphene layers have fascinated researchers worldwide for the past several years, especially in the context of energy storage applications. The water molecules exchanged along with ions during the electrochemical process can aid in wetting and stabilizing the layered materials resulting in an anomalous enhancement in the performance of supercapacitor electrodes. Engineering of 2D carbon electrode materials with various functionalities (oxygen (─O), fluorine (─F), nitrile (─C≡N), carboxylic (─COOH), carbonyl (─C═O), nitrogen (─N)) can alter the ion/water organization in graphene derivatives, and eventually their inherent ion storage ability. Thus, in the current study, a comparative set of functionalized graphene derivatives—fluorine‐doped cyanographene (G–F–CN), cyanographene (G–CN), graphene acid (G–COOH), oxidized graphene acid (G‐COOH (O)) and nitrogen superdoped graphene (G–N) is systematically evaluated toward charge storage in various aqueous‐based electrolyte systems. Differences in functionalization on graphene derivatives influence the electrochemical properties, and the real‐time mass exchange during the electrochemical process is monitored by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Electrogravimetric assessment revealed that oxidized 2D acid derivatives (G–COOH (O)) are shown to exhibit high ion storage performance along with maximum water transfer during the electrochemical process. The complex understanding of the processes gained during supercapacitor electrode charging in aqueous electrolytes paves the way toward the rational utilization of graphene derivatives in forefront energy storage applications.
Operando Investigation of the Origin of C─C Coupling in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Upon Releasing Bonding Strength, Structural Ordering in Pd─Cu Catalyst
Authors: Bagchi Debabrata , Riyaz Mohd , Dutta Nilutpal , Chawla Geetansh , R Churipard Sathyapal , Kumar Singh Ashutosh , C Peter Sebastian
Published: August 2024

It is widely established that the electroreduction of carbon dioxide on a copper surface yields a spectrum of alcohols and hydrocarbons. But the selectivity of Cu toward a certain product is extremely poor as it forms a variety of reduced products concurrently. Controlling selectivity and overall performance depends on the modification of the Cu site and local environment. This study depicts how the product selectivity can be switched from C1 to C2 and multicarbon products by systematic incorporation of secondary metal (Pd) into the Cu lattice. Upon releasing the structural ordering from intermetallic to alloy and then to bimetallic, a systematic enhancement on the formation of C2 products from CO2 has been observed. Real‐time in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) study showed the potential dependent evolution of Pd─Cu and Cu─Cu bonds in different Pd‐Cu‐based catalysts. The detailed analysis of in situ IR and Raman also determined the adsorbed intermediate species and helped to identify the mechanism. Computational studies show the feasibility of multicarbon product formation on bimetallic catalysts compared to alloy and intermetallic catalysts. The current density and the activity of the CO2 electroreduction have been enhanced by the utilization of the flow cell in the gas diffusion electrode configuration.
In Situ Reconstructed Cu/β‐Co(OH)2 Tandem Catalyst for Enhanced Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia in Ampere‐Level
Authors: Qiao Lulu , Zhu Anquan , Liu Di , An Keyu , Feng Jinxian , Liu Chunfa , Ng Kar Wei , Pan Hui
Published: August 2024

The electrochemical nitrate reduction for green ammonia production is attracting increasing attention, where the catalysts are widely investigated by controlling the compositions or structures to achieve high performance. However, their reconstructions under reduction potentials are inevitable and uncontrollable, leading to uncertain performance, and a confused understanding of the mechanism. In this work, a strategy is proposed by controlling the pre‐catalyst's reconstruction chemistry toward electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (e‐NO3RR) with superior activity and stability. To demonstrate the idea, a pre‐catalyst is fabricated with α‐Co(OH)2 and Cu(OH)2 (α‐Co(OH)2/Cu(OH)2), which is in situ reconstructed to a tandem catalyst with Cu and β‐Co(OH)2 (Cu/β‐Co(OH)2) under working potential. Cu/β‐Co(OH)2 achieves an optimal Faraday efficiency for ammonia of 97.7% with a yield rate of 3.9 mmol h−1 cm−2 at −0.5 V, outperforming other reported metal‐hydroxide catalysts. The experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that a tandem catalytic mechanism is responsible for the exceptional performance: 1) Cu functions as the donor of nitrite; and 2) β‐Co(OH)2 serves as active sites for generating active hydrogen and reducing nitrogen‐containing groups. This work highlights that the controllable reconstruction toward improved performance can be realized, and provides an insightful understanding of the mechanism, which is helpful for developing active and stable catalysts for various catalytic applications.
Prediction of ionic liquid surface tension via a generalized interpretable Structure‐Surface Tension Relationship model
Authors: Zhu Wenguang , Zhang Runqi , Liu Hai , Xin Leilei , Zhong Jianhui , Zhang Hongru , Qi Jianguang , Wang Yinglong , Zhu Zhaoyou
Published: August 2024

Ionic liquids' (ILs) surface tension, vital in liquid interface research, faces challenges in measurement methods—time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. The Structure‐Surface Tension Relationship (SSTR) is crucial for understanding the surface tension laws of ionic liquids, helping to predict surface tension and design ionic liquids that meet target requirements. In this study, SMILES string and group contribution methods were used to generate descriptors, and the random forest and multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) models were cross combined with the two descriptor generation methods to establish the SSTR model, providing a comprehensive framework for predicting the surface tension of ionic liquids. String‐MLP excels with high accuracy (R2 = 0.995, RMSE = 0.686, AARD% = 0.71%) for diverse ILs' surface tension values. Meanwhile, the Shapley Additive exPlanning (SHAP) method was used to test the impact of different features on model prediction, increasing the transparency and interpretability of the model.
Unraveling the relationship between microstructure of CMS membrane and gas transport property using molecular simulation
Authors: Hou Mengjie , Li Lin , Xu Ruisong , He Zilong , Lu Yunhua , Wang Tonghua , Jian Xigao
Published: August 2024

Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes are attractive for energy‐efficient gas separations. A challenge with the fabrication of a high‐performance CMS membrane is fine‐tuning its microstructure for precise and efficient separation. This necessitates a molecular‐scale analysis to understand its microstructure–performance relationship. Herein, molecular simulations were performed to unravel the relationships between four similar‐sized CMS matrices with different microstructural characteristics (e.g., chemical composition and micromorphology) and their gas transport properties. Results show that the disordered packing of carbon layers, leading to the formation of ultramicropore (2–7 Å), originates from stereoscopic sp3 hybridized carbon atoms rather than non‐carbon (oxygen) atoms. The size‐sieving ability of CMS depends positively on ultramicroporosity; the adsorption capacity is strengthened and then weakened with the increase of ultramicroporosity. Competitive effects are observed in binary‐mixture transport, and it is expected that the separation performance can be optimized by a reasonable distribution of ultramicropores combined with the affinity of oxygen‐containing species.
Impaired glymphatic function as a biomarker for subjective cognitive decline: An exploratory dual cohort study
Authors: Li Yuxia , Wang Luyao , Zhong Jiayi , Xu Huanyu , Han Ying ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Zuo Chuantao , Jiang Jiehui
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been recognized as a potential risk stage for progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD), while glymphatic dysfunction is considered an important characteristic of AD. We hypothesize that glymphatic dysfunction occurs during the SCD stage, aiming to discover potential biomarkers for SCD.

METHODS

Participants from two independent studies, Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE, n = 654) and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, n = 650), representing different ethnicities and disease stages, were included to assess glymphatic function using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS).

RESULTS

Abnormal glymphatic function occurs during the SCD stage, with the ALPS index demonstrating excellent classification performance for SCD and normal controls (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]SILCODE = 0.816, AUCADNI = 0.797). Lower ALPS index indicates higher risk of cognitive progression, which is negatively correlated with Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire 9 scores and amyloid positron emission tomography burden.

DISSCUSION

Our study suggests the ALPS index has the potential to serve as a biomarker for SCD.

Highlights

Glymphatic function characterized by the analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index becomes abnormal in subjective cognitive decline (SCD), the earliest symptomatic manifestation and preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The ALPS index demonstrates excellent classification performance for SCD and normal controls in the East Asian and Western cohorts.

Participants with a lower ALPS index show a higher risk of clinical progression.

The ALPS index is closely associated with serval cognitive scales and amyloid beta burden.
Deuteration and Tritiation of Pharmaceuticals by Non‐Directed Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H Activation in Heavy and Super‐Heavy Water
Authors: Teja Chitrala , Kolb Simon , Colonna Pierre , Grover Jagrit , Garcia‐Argote Sébastien , Lahiri Goutam Kumar , Pieters Grégory , Werz Daniel B. , Maiti Debabrata
Published: August 2024

Deuterated and tritiated analogs of drugs are valuable compounds for pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. In this work, we present a novel hydrogen isotope exchange reaction of drugs using non‐directed homogeneous Pd‐catalysis. Aromatic C−H activation is achieved by a commercially available pyridine ligand. Using the most convenient and cheapest deuterium source, D2O, as the only solvent 39 pharmaceuticals were labelled with clean reaction profiles and high deuterium uptakes. Additionally, we describe the first application of non‐directed homogeneous Pd‐catalysis for H/T exchange on three different pharmaceuticals by using T2O as isotopic source, demonstrating the applicability to the synthesis of radiotracers.
Spatial‐coupled Ampere‐level Electrochemical Propylene Epoxidation over RuO2/Ti Hollow‐fiber Penetration Electrodes
Authors: Wang Jiangjiang , Dong Xiao , Feng Guanghui , Lu Xiaocheng , Wu Gangfeng , Li Guihua , Li Shoujie , Mao Jianing , Chen Aohui , Song Yanfang , Zeng Jianrong , Wei Wei , Chen Wei
Published: August 2024

The electrochemical propylene epoxidation reaction (PER) provides a promising route for ecofriendly propylene oxide (PO) production, instantly generating active halogen/oxygen species to alleviate chloride contamination inherent in traditional PER. However, the complex processes and unsatisfactory PO yield for current electrochemical PER falls short of meeting industrial application requirements. Herein, a spatial‐coupling strategy over RuO2/Ti hollow‐fiber penetration electrode (HPE) is adopted to facilitate efficient PO production, significantly improving PER performance to ampere level (achieving over 80 % PO faradaic efficiency and a maximum PO current density of 859 mA cm−2). The synergetic combination of the penetration effect of HPE and the spatial‐coupled reaction sequence, enables the realization of ampere‐level PO production with high specificity, exhibiting significant potentials for economically viable PER applications.
Working with adult families of origin: On the nature of rupture and repair
Authors: Cordukes Kate , U'Ren Greg , Katz Ella C. , McIntosh Jennifer E.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we report on findings from a three‐part enquiry into the essence of working with families of origin where all members are adult. Findings, in conversational form, describe the nature of adult family ruptures encountered, pathways to repair and unique factors associated with the therapeutic encounter with adult families relative to those with still dependent children. In exploring emergent themes, we hoped to come to some understandings of the models and unique skill sets that characterise and enhance family therapy with adult families. We found that, unlike families with younger children, adult children are often the more motivated sub‐system and indeed the drivers of a referral for therapy. The therapeutic focus centred around legacy work from prior unresolved family traumas or disrupted developmental processes. Features of the therapeutic process included supporting new and more proportional narratives about ingrained wounds, together with redefinition of caregiving relationships and a future gaze towards becoming an independent yet connected family structure. We consider the therapist's posture in validating the adult child's experience, contextualising parent histories and clearing emotional barriers that block healthy giving and receiving of care. Key decision points in the therapist's work included how to balance the past context of the rupture with its current legacy, and the place of exoneration versus forgiveness in the progression towards secure individuation. Findings may help refine therapeutic methods in the application of systemic therapies with adult family forms, particularly on the intersection with the adult mental health system.
Self‐Calibration Temperature Sensing and Color Tunable Emission in a Bimetallic Lanthanide Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Li Xiuzhen , Qi Xiangyue , Diao Xihui , Muhammad Yaseen , Chen Chao , Wang Hao , Qi Chuansong , Li Wei
Published: August 2024

Temperature in various scientific and industrial applications requires accurate detection and measurement. Herein, a range of novel isostructural lanthanide‐based metal–organic frameworks (Ln‐MOFs), [EuxTb2−x(3,5‐pdc)3(phen)2(H2O)2]n (x = 0, Tb‐MOF; x = 2, Eu‐MOF; x = 0.002, 0.010, 0.020, 0.040, 0.080, EuxTb2−x‐MOF), were solvothermally synthesized using 3,5‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (3,5‐H2pdc) and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) as ligands. Based on binuclear second building units, Ln‐MOFs exhibited 2D layered structure with sql topology. The luminescent properties of series Ln‐MOFs show systematic tuning shifted from green to red by adjusting the ratio of Eu3+ to Tb3+. The temperature sensing experiments showed that Eu0.020Tb1.980‐MOF exhibited self‐calibration temperature response in a range of 293–413 K, achieving maximum relative sensitivity (Sr) 2.46%·K−1 at 413 K, outscoring many state‐of‐the‐art temperature sensors reported in literature. This study poses great promise of the newly designed Eu0.020Tb1.980‐MOF for the ultra‐sensitive temperature sensing in diverse and large‐scale applications.
Preparation and characterization of oxygen‐functionalized graphene‐doped polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Alemdar Sündüz , Pekel Bayramgil Nursel
Published: August 2024

To separate the oil/water mixtures, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber mats were produced using electrospinning. Additionally, PVDF films were made using the solvent evaporation method, and the effectiveness of their separation was evaluated against that of nanofiber mats. By choosing oxygen‐functionalized graphene (with HNO3) as a nano reinforcement, the hydrophobic properties of the PVDF materials made using both techniques were transformed into hydrophilic ones. It has been determined how the characteristics of the solution (viscosity, conductivity, molecular weight, surface tension, and contact angle) relate to the diameter of the nanofiber. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy‐attenuated total reflection (FT‐IR/ATR), x‐rays diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA)/DTG, and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) have been used to study the chemical and crystal structures, morphology, and thermal behavior of PVDF materials. The addition of oxygen‐functionalized graphene was found to cause a peak in the PVDF composites' FT‐IR/ATR spectrum, roughly in the wavenumber 1400 cm−1, which was identified as the C‐OH bending vibration. Together with the shift in peak strengths, the lack of a discernible shift in the PVDF peak location in the XRD patterns indicates that the addition of oxygen‐functionalized graphene has caused a phase transition in the PVDF in the semi‐crystal structure. Surface hydrophobicity has also been measured using contact angle measurements. The addition of oxygen‐functionalized graphene has been seen to decrease the PVDF's contact angle, resulting in the development of a hydrophilic characteristic. These PVDF‐based materials' oil/water separation capabilities have also been evaluated. PVDF composite films were not as effective as PVDF nanofiber mats with oxygen‐functionalized graphene in the studies to separate the oil/water mixtures. The permeate flux value was determined to be 240 Lm−2 h−1, and the oil/water separation efficiency of nanofibers containing 10% (m/m) PVDF534000 combined with oxygen‐functional graphene was found to be 99%.
Data quality assurance practices in research data repositories—A systematic literature review. An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper
Authors: Stvilia Besiki , Pang Yuanying , Lee Dong Joon , Gunaydin Fatih
Published: August 2024

Data quality issues can significantly hinder research reproducibility, data sharing, and reuse. At the forefront of addressing data quality issues are research data repositories (RDRs). This study conducted a systematic analysis of data quality assurance (DQA) practices in RDRs, guided by activity theory and data quality literature, resulting in conceptualizing a data quality assurance model (DQAM) for RDRs. DQAM outlines a DQA process comprising evaluation, intervention, and communication activities and categorizes 17 quality dimensions into intrinsic and product‐level data quality. It also details specific improvement actions for data products and identifies the essential roles, skills, standards, and tools for DQA in RDRs. By comparing DQAM with existing DQA models, the study highlights its potential to improve these models by adding a specific DQA activity structure. The theoretical implication of the study is a systematic conceptualization of DQA work in RDRs that is grounded in a comprehensive analysis of the literature and offers a refined conceptualization of DQA integration into broader frameworks of RDR evaluation. In practice, DQAM can inform the design and development of DQA workflows and tools. As a future research direction, the study suggests applying and evaluating DQAM across various domains to validate and refine this model further.
The Impact of Under‐Diagnosing ADHD in Young Females
Authors: Long Darya
Published: August 2024

When I was in adult psychiatry residency, I was shocked by the frequency of which young adult female patients would request evaluation for potential ADHD. Many of these young women presented as well with mood and anxiety symptoms, and it was imperative to determine whether the predominant impairment was secondary to untreated ADHD or other psychiatric conditions. In full disclosure, I was unfortunately primed to be skeptical of these college‐aged students who were seeking a diagnosis of ADHD, and I naively felt that their presenting concerns of inattentiveness, difficulty with concentration, and reduced motivation was more likely attributed to untreated depression in this population rather than an undetected ADHD. After all, I wondered, how would ADHD have gone unnoticed for all of their childhood and only now manifest in young adulthood? Oddly enough, I encountered very few young adult males with signs concerning for untreated ADHD; if anything, I saw more males on stimulants for ADHD than women, despite encountering more young women reporting concerns for untreated ADHD.
Parent‐guided early intervention for preterm babies improves motor skills
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2024

Researchers have concluded, unsurprisingly, that preterm infants randomized to enhanced developmental support had better developmental outcomes than infants whose caregivers did not receive the training. The researchers started with the very safe hypothesis that enhanced developmental support provided by caregivers — mothers, mainly — would improve the outcomes of infants born preterm to families with low income. The used an intervention which included training was provided by a multidisciplinary team with specialized knowledge of early intervention and infant development. The training began in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and continued after the infant was discharged.
Clinical population of teens is adversely affected by social media use
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2024

There are widespread concerns about the influence of social media on the mental health of adolescents, but the backdrop to this is that most research has not looked at clinical groups, but only the general population. For this study, research reviewed the literature to look at the association between social media use and internalizing symptoms — anxiety and depression. They found that clinical, as against community, samples show an increased risk of internalizing symptoms related to social media use, and that this is correlated with the amount of time spent on social media.
AI be used in medicine? Not in MI, SUDs, CPDD panelists suggest
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2024

While artificial intelligence (AI) may have utility in some medical practices such as reading X‐rays, it is not going to be useful in diagnosing or treating conditions with nuances — notably, substance use disorders (SUDs) or mental illness — experts suggested in a panel on the topic at the June College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD) annual conference in Montreal.
Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Tang Deqi , Ketkaew Rangsiman , Luber Sandra
Published: August 2024

Atomistic modeling can provide valuable insights into the design of novel heterogeneous catalysts as needed nowadays in the areas of, e. g., chemistry, materials science, and biology. Classical force fields and ab initio calculations have been widely adopted in molecular simulations. However, these methods usually suffer from the drawbacks of either low accuracy or high cost. Recently, the development of machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) has become more and more popular as they can tackle the problems in question and can deliver rather accurate results at significantly lower computational cost. In this review, the atomistic modeling of catalytic systems with the aid of MLIPs is discussed, showcasing recently developed MLIP models and selected applications for the modeling of heterogeneous catalytic systems. We also highlight the best practices and challenges for MLIPs and give an outlook for future works on MLIPs in the field of heterogeneous catalysis.
Evaporation of Binary Mixtures in a Pillow Plate Thermosiphon Reboiler
Authors: Jasch Katharina , Lu Yan , Scholl Stephan
Published: August 2024

Pillow plate heat exchangers show promising performance in extending the operating range of thermosiphon reboilers. Here, the evaporation of binary mixtures during natural circulation evaporation in a pillow plate apparatus was investigated. The experimental results show that the thermal performance is dominated by mixture effects and a component system‐dependent minimum is found. The model approach according to Bennett and Chen has proven to reliably estimate the product‐side heat transfer coefficient for pure substances and mixtures with a low boiling point distance. For wide‐boiling mixtures and low pressures the approach must be adjusted.
DOTAP Modified Formulations of Aminoacid Based Cationic Liposomes for Improved Gene Delivery and Cell Viability
Authors: Ravula Venkatesh , Muripiti Venkanna , Kumar Akash , Wang Li‐Fang , Kumar Vemula Praveen , Patri Srilakshmi V.
Published: August 2024

The liposomal systems proved remarkably useful for the delivery of genetic materials but enhancing their efficacy remains a significant challenge. While structural alterations could result in the discovery of more effective transfecting lipids, improving the efficacy of widely used lipid carriers is also crucial in order to compete with viral vectors for gene delivery. Herein, we developed formulations of commercially available lipid, 1,2‐dioleoyl‐3‐trimethylammonium‐propane (DOTAP) with synthetic amino acid based cationic lipids. Two cationic lipids were synthesized using amino acids, with either cystine (CTT) or arginine (AT) in the head group. These lipids were used to formulate co‐liposomal structures with different lipid compositions. The liposomal formulations were broadly categorised into two types: amino acid‐based liposomes without DOTAP (CTTD and ATD) and those with DOTAP (DtATD and DtCTTD). Optimized lipid‐DNA complexes of DOTAP‐incorporated formulations (DtATD and DtCTTD) exhibited enhanced efficacy in transfection compared to formulations lacking DOTAP as well as commercial formulations such as DOTAP:DOPE. Notably, DtCTTD displayed superior transfection capabilities in prostate cancer (PC3) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines when compared to the widely used commercial transfection reagent, Lipofectamine. Collectively, the findings from this study suggest that DOTAP‐incorporated formulations derived from amino acid‐based liposomes, hold promise as effective tools for improving transfection efficacy with reduced toxicity, offering potential advancements in gene delivery applications.
A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis Examining the Facilitators and Barriers of Psychological Intervention Delivery in Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Teams
Authors: Ahmed Haleemah , Bendall Caroline , Anwar Faiza , Al‐Janabi Mariam , Wood Lisa
Published: August 2024

Background

Mental health crisis rates in the United Kingdom are on the rise. The emergence of community mental health models, such as Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Teams (CRHTTs), offers a vital pathway to provide intensive assessment and treatment to individuals in their homes, including psychological interventions. Previous qualitative literature has identified facilitators and barriers to the implementation of psychological interventions within CRHTT settings; however, a synthesis of this literature has not yet been conducted. To address this gap, a systematic review was undertaken with the aim of identifying the reported facilitators and barriers of implementing evidence‐based psychological interventions in CRHTTs.

Method

A systematic review and narrative synthesis were conducted. Studies were included if they examined the implementation of evidence‐based psychological interventions in a CRHTT setting. The study population had to be 18 and over and could include healthcare professionals working in CRHTTs, service users of CRHTTs, or family and carers of CRHTT service users. Studies of any formal research methodology were included. Four databases were searched (MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, Embase and PsycINFO), along with Google Scholar, to identify eligible studies.

Results

Six studies were identified, using mixed qualitative and quantitative methodologies, with the predominant focus being the exploration of stakeholder perspectives on care implementation within CRHTTs, encompassing aspects including but not restricted to psychological care implementation. The literature was deemed to be of moderate to high quality. Facilitators included adapting psychological therapies, prioritizing the therapeutic relationship, increasing psychological skills and training of CRHTT staff and psychologically informed CRHTT models. The barriers identified included a medical model bias within teams, resource constraints and elements pertaining to CRHTT services.

Conclusions

Further robust research in this area is imperative. We recommend that future research be implemented in the form of service evaluations and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and that the principles of implementation science be used to assess and develop the evidence base for psychological intervention delivery in CRHTTs.
Determination of Thermal Properties of Carbon Materials above 2000 °C for Application in High Temperature Crystal Growth
Authors: Ihle Jonas , Wellmann Peter J.
Published: August 2024

This work reports on the determination of the heat conductivity of high temperature stable carbon materials in the temperature range well above 2000 °C where classic material characterization methods fail. Dense graphite (DG) materials as well as rigid and soft felt isolation (RFI/SFI) components have been investigated which are used during crystal growth of SiC by the physical vapor transport method (PVT) in the temperature regime of 2000 and 2400 °C. The applied materials characterization methods include low temperature physical heat conductivity measurements using laser flash analysis (LFA) in the temperature range 25–1200 °C, data extrapolation to elevated temperatures up to 2400 °C, and a correlation of heating processes and computer simulation of the temperature field of different hot zone designs. Using this approach, the calculated temperatures and experimentally determined values with an error of less than ± 2% at 2400 °C can be merged.
An improved derivative‐based phase‐locked loop for single‐phase grid synchronization under abnormal grid conditions
Authors: Hassan Faridul , Kumar Dubey Alok , Kumar Amritesh , Pati Avadh
Published: August 2024

Generating a quadrature signal in a single‐phase system using a second‐order generalized integrator (SOGI) requires accurate frequency information. The standard SOGI phase‐locked loop (PLL) includes frequency feedback to the SOGI. However, during grid abnormalities such as voltage sag/swell and phase angle jumps, the SOGI‐PLL faces frequency disturbances that propagate to the phase detector (PD) and affects the quadrature signal generator (QSG). Furthermore, the SOGI‐PLL having two loops dependent on each other creates loop coupling phenomena; either a change in phase or frequency affects each other. SOGI‐PLL is tuning sensitive, as the SOGI block has a gain that needs to be adjusted, increases the complexity, and affects the performance of the system. There is a trade‐off between SOGI gain and PLL parameters that needs to be considered for adequate parameter design to provide accurate grid synchronization while maintaining the stability of the system. To attain better performance, researchers have proposed derivative‐based PLL (DPLL). The conventional DPLL faces challenges to noise and harmonics amplification. This paper presents an improved DPLL for single‐phase grid synchronization under adverse grid conditions. The improved derivative‐based PLL (IDPLL) comprises two improved derivative‐based quadrature signal generator (IDQSG) blocks to extract the phase‐error information for accurately estimating phase and frequency. The detailed mathematical modeling and bode plot for the IDQSG and IDPLL are presented. The proposed IDQSG eliminates the requirement of gain tuning, hence reducing complexity. Moreover, there is no interdependent loop in the IDPLL, which significantly improves the dynamic performance. A hardware setup is developed to evaluate the performance of the system in real‐time. The experimental results are obtained using an field programmable gate array (FPGA)‐based controller.
A novel peptide encoded by circ‐SLC9A6 promotes lipid dyshomeostasis through the regulation of H4K16ac‐mediated CD36 transcription in NAFLD
Authors: Wang Yue , Tian Xinyao , Wang Zhecheng , Liu Deshun , Zhao Xuzi , Sun Xin , Tu Zuoyu , Li Zekuan , Zhao Yan , Zheng Shusen , Yao Jihong
Published: August 2024

Background

As the leading cause of end‐stage liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is mainly induced by lipid dyshomeostasis. The translation of endogenous circular RNAs (circRNAs) is closely related to the progression of various diseases, but the involvement of circRNAs in NAFLD has not been determined.

Methods

Combined high‐throughput circRNA profiles were used to identify circRNAs with translational potential. The underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated by RNA sequencing, pull‐down/MS and site‐specific mutagenesis.

Results

In this study, we focused on circ‐SLC9A6, an abnormally highly expressed circRNA in human and mouse liver tissue during NAFLD development that exacerbates metabolic dyshomeostasis in hepatocytes by encoding a novel peptide called SLC9A6‐126aa in vivo and in vitro. YTHDF2‐mediated degradation of m6A‐modified circ‐SLC9A6 was found to be essential for the regulation of SLC9A6‐126aa expression. We further found that the phosphorylation of SLC9A6‐126aa by AKT was crucial for its cytoplasmic localization and the maintenance of physiological homeostasis, whereas high‐fat stress induced substantial translocation of unphosphorylated SLC9A6‐126aa to the nucleus, resulting in a vicious cycle of lipid metabolic dysfunction. Nuclear SLC9A6‐126aa promotes transcriptional activation of the target gene CD36 and enhances its occupancy of the CD36 promoter locus by regulating MOF‐mediated histone H4K16 acetylation. Hepatic CD36 depletion significantly ameliorated hyperactivated MAPK signalling and lipid disturbance in SLC9A6‐126aa transgenic mice. Clinically, increasing levels of SLC9A6‐126aa were observed during NAFLD progression and were found to be positively correlated with the CD36 and MAPK cascades.

Conclusion

This study revealed the role of circ‐SLC9A6‐derived SLC9A6‐126aa in the epigenetic modification‐mediated regulation of lipid metabolism. Our findings may provide promising therapeutic targets for NAFLD and new insights into the pathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases.

Highlights

Under normal circumstances, driven by m6A modification, YTHDF2 directly recognizes and degrades circ‐SLC9A6, thereby inhibiting the translation of SLC9A6‐126aa.

Additionally, AKT1 phosphorylates and inhibits the nuclear translocation of SLC9A6‐126aa.

In NAFLD, lipid overload leads to YTHDF2 and AKT1 deficiency, ultimately increasing the expression and nuclear import of SLC9A6‐126aa.

Nuclear SLC9A6‐126aa binds directly to the CD36 promoter and initiates CD36 transcription, which induces lipid dyshomeostasis.
Optimization of node deployment in underwater internet of things using novel adaptive long short‐term memory‐based egret swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Simon Judy , Kapileswar Nellore , Padmavathi Baskaran , Devi Krishnamoorthy Durga , Kumar Polasi Phani
Published: August 2024

Optimizing node deployment in the underwater Internet of Things (UIoT) poses significant challenges due to the complex and dynamic nature of underwater environments. This research introduces the adaptive long short‐term memory‐based egret swarm optimization algorithm (ALSTM‐ESOA), a novel approach designed to enhance network coverage and performance efficiently. Unlike traditional methods, ALSTM‐ESOA incorporates cognitive learning capabilities from long short‐term memory (LSTM) and dynamic adaptation strategies inspired by the hunting behaviors of egrets. The algorithm's effectiveness was tested through extensive simulations in MATLAB, demonstrating notable improvements over existing models: network throughput increased by up to 55.56%, deployment time decreased by 88.89%, and energy efficiency improved significantly. These enhancements are critical for robust, real‐time data collection and monitoring in underwater settings, providing substantial benefits for marine research and resource management. The findings suggest that ALSTM‐ESOA significantly outperforms conventional algorithms, offering a promising new tool for the advancement of UIoT applications. After being implemented in MATLAB, the suggested ALSTM‐ESOA model for the node deployment optimization in UIoT is examined. The proposed ALSTM‐ESOA in terms of network throughput is 55.56%, 38.89%, 36.11%, and 11.11% better than CNN, LSTM, ARO‐RTP, and IGOR‐TSA, respectively. Similarly, the proposed ALSTM‐ESOA with respect to deployment time is 88.89%, 81.82%, 75%, and 50% better than CNN, LSTM, ARO‐RTP, and IGOR‐TSA, respectively. For the purpose of exploring marine resources, monitoring underwater environments, and conducting marine scientific investigation, the research's findings are extremely valuable.
Regulatory Aspects of Regenerative Medicine in the United States and Abroad
Authors: Jaalouk Dana , Prasai Anesh , Goldberg David J. , Yoo Jane Y.
Published: August 2024

Background

With the rising demand for natural‐looking aesthetic improvements, regenerative aesthetic medicine (RAM) has become essential for addressing aging, damage, and imperfections. The regulatory landscape overseeing RAM is dynamic, evolving with new technologies to ensure safety and efficacy.

Objective

This study reviews and compares regulatory frameworks for RAM across North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Latin America.

Methods

Regulations in the United States, European Union (EU), Australia, Singapore, South Korea, Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico were reviewed, focusing on risk‐based approaches, the extent of manipulation, and intended use of biological components.

Results

Frameworks in the United States, EU, Australia, Singapore, and South Korea share a risk‐based approach, adjusting regulations based on risks associated with biological components like stem cells and extracellular vesicles. Minimal alteration is categorized as low risk, emphasizing disease transmission prevention and material quality. Regulatory landscapes vary in Latin America. Brazil's comprehensive framework, managed by ANVISA, categorizes products by manipulation levels. Argentina's ANMAT has made progress, while Mexico lacks a unified framework, leading to unregulated operations and patient risks.

Conclusion

The diverse regulatory frameworks underscore the need for continuous collaboration between regulatory bodies, healthcare providers, and stakeholders to promote innovation and ensure safety in regenerative medicine.
Reflecting on the symmetry of ecosystem tipping points: The influence of trait dissimilarity and environmental driver dynamics in a simple ecosystem model
Authors: Bärtschi Pascal , Petchey Owen L.
Published: August 2024

Our understanding of the similarity in trajectories of ecosystem changes during different directions of environmental change is limited. For example, do the dominant organisms exhibit the same responses to different directions of environmental change, that is, do they exhibit symmetric responses? Here, we explore whether such response symmetry is determined and controlled by the symmetry in the features of the underlying biological system (i.e., system symmetry), such as in the network and strength of biotic and abiotic processes, and in symmetry of the environmental change (i.e., environmental symmetry). For this exploration, we developed and used a simple mathematical model of a microbial ecosystem driven by mutual inhibition in which we could vary the amount of system and environmental symmetry. Our results show that perfect system and environmental symmetry indeed produce perfect response symmetry. Moreover, introducing asymmetry in biological systems or in the environment proportionally increases response asymmetry. These findings suggest using symmetries in ecosystem structure and interaction strength to better understand and predict similarities in degradation and restoration phases of environmental change.
The Yellow River is the key corridor for Tamarix austromongolica to disperse from Asia inlands to east seashores
Authors: Yang Hongxiao , Liu Xinwei , Gan Honghao , Sun Jia , Pan Yanxia , Chu Jianmin
Published: August 2024

Plants of the Tamarix L. genus (Tamaricaceae) mainly occur in arid inlands of Asia, but a few species occur in the coastal areas of China, and the Yellow River may account for this. This study was conducted to elucidate whether and how the Yellow River affects the pattern and development of the Tamarix genus, involving two critical species of Tamarix austromongolica Nakai and Tamarix chinensis Lour. With geographical distribution data, relationships of T. austromongolica with the Yellow River and the pertaining watershed were examined using the method of random permutation. The base‐diameter structures of T. austromongolica populations were investigated and compared between different riparian lands that suffer discriminative water inundation. The nearest distances from T. austromongolica locations to the Yellow River and the pertaining watershed were significantly lower than the theoretical expectations in the condition of random distribution (p < .05). In many riparian lands along the Yellow River, wild T. austromongolica populations occurred with vigorous juveniles, despite frequent human disturbances. In coastal areas near the present estuary of the river, wild T. austromongolica plants were still found. In T. austromongolica populations near the Yellow River and sea, the rates of juvenile plants were significantly higher than in other populations situated farther from the river or sea. These findings suggest that the Yellow River can facilitate the eastward dispersal of Tamarix plants that reasonably caused the evolution from T. austromongolica to T. chinensis in ancient coasts in the China east.
Sapling recruitment as an indicator of carbon resiliency in forests of the northern USA
Authors: Harris Lucas B. , Woodall Christopher W. , D'Amato Anthony W.
Published: August 2024

Tree regeneration shapes forest carbon dynamics by determining long‐term forest composition and structure, which suggests that threats to natural regeneration may diminish the capacity of forests to replace live tree carbon transferred to the atmosphere or other pools through tree mortality. Yet, the potential implications of tree regeneration patterns for future carbon dynamics have been sparsely studied. We used forest inventory plots to investigate whether the composition of existing tree regeneration is consistent with aboveground carbon stock loss, replacement, or gain for forests across the northeastern and midwestern USA, leveraging a recently developed method to predict the likelihood of sapling recruitment from seedling abundance tallied within six seedling height classes. A comparison of carbon stock predictions from tree and seedling composition suggested that 29% of plots were poised to lose carbon based on seedling composition, 55% were poised for replacement of carbon stocks (<5 Mg ha−1 difference) and 16% were poised to gain carbon. Forests predicted to lose carbon tended to be on steeper slopes, at lower latitudes, and in rolling upland environments. Although plots predicted to gain and lose carbon had similar stand ages, carbon loss plots had greater current carbon stocks. Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate the utility of considering tree regeneration through the lens of carbon replacement to develop effective management strategies to secure long‐term carbon storage and resilience in the context of global change. Forests poised to lose C due to climate change and other stressors could be prioritized for regeneration strategies that enhance long‐term carbon resilience and stewardship.
Environmental aridity driving latitudinal pattern of biomass allocation fractions in root systems of 63 shrub species in dry valleys
Authors: Yang Yu , Wang Zilong , Bao Weikai , Wu Ning , Hu Hui , Yang Tinghui , Li Xiaojuan , Nkrumah Deborah Traselin , Li Fanglan
Published: August 2024

Fine roots and absorptive roots play key roles in acquiring resources throughout soil profiles and determining plant functions along environmental gradients. Yet, the geographical pattern of carbon allocation in fine roots, particularly in absorptive roots, and their relations with plant sizes and evironment are less understood. We sampled 243 xerophytic shrubs from 63 species distributed along the latitudinal gradient (23°N to 32°N) in dry valleys of southwest China and synthetically measured biomass fractions of plant organs, especially fine roots and absorptive roots (1st to 3rd root order). We identified latitudinal patterns of biomass allocation fractions of organs and their relationships with plant sizes and environmental factors. The latitudinal patterns of both absorptive root and fine‐root fractions followed weak unimodal distributions; stem biomass fraction increased with the latitude, while the leaf biomass fraction decreased. The fraction of fine‐root biomass had negative relationships with plant height and root depth. The fractions of root, fine root, and absorptive root biomass were largely explained by soil moisture. Furthermore, fraction of fine‐root biomass increased in a relatively humid environment. Overall, soil moisture was the most important factor in driving latitudinal patterns of biomass fraction. Our study highlighted that functional redistribution of root system biomass was the critical adaptive strategy along a latitudinal gradient.