bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mott Transitions: A Brief Review
Authors: Laad Mukul S. , Craco Luis
Published: October 2024

This short review provides an overview of some aspects of the current understanding of Mott insulators and Mott metal‐insulator transitions. The development of this field is traced, from earliest classical views to the state‐of‐the‐art picture based on methods of quantum field theory. A quasi‐local view point, characterizing “pure” Mott physics, throughout this article is focused on. Following an extensive discussion on Mott transitions in one‐ and multi‐orbital Hubbard models, progress is reviewed in first‐principles correlation‐based approaches in achieving a quantitative description of insulator‐metal transitions in two celebrated Mott materials. Building thereupon, success of such approaches in providing microscopic justification for the famed Mott criterion, as well as in the attempts to model emerging devices is reviewed briefly. The study is concluded with a discussion of a class of Mott insulators modeled by the Kugel‐Khomskii model, and discuss how progress in the understanding of novel quantum liquid‐crystal‐like order provides an attractive opportunity to gain insight into topologically ordered states and topological‐to‐trivial phase transitions for certain quantum spin models in terms of a dual description in terms of Landau‐like symmetry breaking.
Bilothorax as an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complication and a review of the literature
Authors: Azam Hamza , Guliyara Mohammed Affan , Roy Bapti
Published: October 2024

Bilothorax, the accumulation of bile in the pleural space, is an uncommon but serious condition often linked to biliary tract or diaphragmatic injury. This case report describes a 70‐year‐old female with decompensated liver cirrhosis due to primary sclerosing cholangitis, who developed a moderate sized pleural effusion following ERCP and biliary stenting. The patient's pleural effusion persisted for 2 months without respiratory symptoms, indicating a self‐limited low‐volume leak. She eventually underwent thoracentesis for a non‐resolving unilateral effusion, which drained 435 mL of bilious fluid with an elevated pleural fluid bilirubin level, confirming the diagnosis of bilothorax. This case highlights the importance of considering bilothorax as a cause of pleural effusion in patients with biliary tract disease and who undergo high risk procedures including ERCP.
The impact of dietary interventions on polycystic ovary syndrome patients with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Juan , Liang Jiahui , Xu Jinbang , Lin Tong , Ye Qiaoling , Lin Qiuping , Ji Feng , Shi Dan
Published: October 2024

Background

Dietary interventions, recommended as a primary approach globally, benefit women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by inducing weight loss and improving clinical symptoms, metabolism, and pregnancy results. However, the impact of diet on PCOS in individuals with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 is unclear. The aim of this review was to offer dietary guidance for these patients.

Methods

Six databases, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, were searched systematically from inception to December 2023 for clinical randomized controlled trials (RCT) on dietary interventions for PCOS. Two researchers independently screened and extracted data following pre‐defined inclusion criteria, with bias assessment using the Cochrane Handbook and Review Manager (version 5.4) software.

Results

Nine RCTs with 559 participants were included. Among women with PCOS and obesity, compared to the control group, individuals who underwent dietary interventions experienced improvements in weight‐related Indicators, glycolipid metabolism, hormone‐related indicators, and fertility‐related outcomes. Subgroup analysis indicated that calorie‐restricted diets (CRDs) and low‐energy–low‐carb combined diets had advantages over other dietary interventions. Moreover, the overweight period was the optimal intervention period.

Conclusions

Dietary interventions can improve the clinical manifestations of PCOS and pregnancy rates in patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Particularly, CRDs, low‐calorie–low‐carb combined diets, and low‐calorie–extract combined diets are recommended.
Unlocking Potential Catalysts: A Machine Learning Approach with Bayesian and Regression Models
Authors: Chowdhury Chandra
Published: October 2024

Due to their excellent catalytic efficiency, endurance, adaptability, and unusual structure, single‐atom alloys are an important category of materials with huge potential for efficiently utilising rare and costly metals in catalytic applications. Since no two of these materials are alike, designing a catalyst for each presents its own set of special challenges. The development of catalysts can be sped up with the use of machine learning, however conventional machine learning approaches frequently necessitate large datasets and costly feature engineering. In addition, these approaches frequently have difficulty juggling competing aims and constraints as they expand their search space. This research makes use of Bayesian optimisation (BO) to help in the identification of effective catalysts. Even with as few as 5 starting data points from costly density functional theory (DFT) computations results, our BO workflow is able to quickly and accurately discover the best single‐atom alloy surfaces. Not only that for the applicability of our model on other systems, we have chosen dataset comprises transition metal surfaces as well and found suitable performances which further validates the universality of our model. Our BO model outperforms a random search technique on many different adsorption systems by making use of simple, easily accessible features. Apart from BO, we have also designed other regressor models for searching the best catalyst and interestingly we found that for a small sample size where generating data is very difficult, K‐Nearest Neighbour regressor (KNR) outperforms BO. This research not only unlocks the potential of this BO as well as regressor models in catalysis research but also lays down a robust foundation for future work aiming to optimize material selection based on adsorption characteristics.
Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Urease Inhibitory Activity of 2,3‐Dihydroxybenzohydrazide Derivatives
Authors: Wang Yueru , Dang Xiaolin , Zhang Jingxiao , Tong Hongjuan , Tang Wenqiang , Liu Bin
Published: October 2024

This investigation focuses on a suite of 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoyl hydrazine derivative ligands, examining their viability as urease activity inhibitors and delving into their operative mechanisms. Utilizing molecular docking approaches, the binding patterns and interactive loci of 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoyl hydrazine derivatives with urease were elucidated. The origin of the binding forces between the ligands and urease, along with pertinent descriptors, were scrutinized through an amalgamation of density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The findings indicate that the HOMO‐LUMO energy gap, the dipole moment, and the electrostatic potential serve as robust descriptors of the inhibitory activity exhibited by 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoyl hydrazine derivative ligands against urease. The ligand designated BH‐k emerged as the most efficacious urease inhibitor, with critical hydrogen bonds forming between it and the residues His409, Ala636, and Asp633, in addition to hydrophobic interactions with Arg439. The design of ligands capable of establishing additional hydrogen bonds constitutes an effective strategy to amplify inhibitory efficacy. The results of this research aspire to lay a theoretical foundation for the advancement of novel urease inhibitor designs to counteract health issues emanating from aberrant urease activity.
Network Pharmacology Integrated With Quantum‐Polarized Ligand Docking and Molecular Simulation Revealed the Anti‐Diabetic Potential of Curcumin
Authors: Khan Abbas , Sayaf Abrar Mohammad , Alshammarri AbdalRahman , Zahid Muhammad Ammar , Al‐Zoubi Raed M. , Shkoor Mohanad , Benameur Tarek , Wei Dong‐Qing , Agouni Abdelali
Published: October 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting millions of people worldwide and causes serious complications such as diabetic nephropathy. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol derived from turmeric, has demonstrated antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying curcumin's anti‐diabetic effects remain incompletely understood. This study employed network pharmacology, molecular docking, and simulation techniques to explore the potential targets, and key pathways of curcumin in the treatment of diabetes. Using SwissTarget prediction and Superpred databases, we predicted the molecular targets for curcumin, while diabetes‐associated genes were obtained from DisGeNet. We identified 60 common targets for curcumin in diabetes. Protein‐protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed three sub‐networks and ten hub genes with AKT1, TNF‐α, EGFR, and STAT3 identified as key hub genes that could serve as potential biomarkers. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that these genes primarily regulate insulin resistance and other metabolic pathways. Quantum‐polarized ligand docking (QPLD) showed that curcumin establishes multiple hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions with the essential amino acids of these hub targets. Molecular simulation results demonstrated stable dynamic behavior, a compact structure, and variations in residue flexibility. Binding free energy calculations using MM/GBSA and MM/PBSA methods validate curcumin's strong binding to the potential targets. Total binding free energy using MM/GBSA ranged from −21.35 to −30.94 kcal/mol while MM/PBSA calculations showed total binding free energy values between −19.80 and −26.66 kcal/mol. Altogether, this study provides valuable insights into the molecular targets of curcumin in diabetes and lays the foundation for future advancements in diabetes treatment.
Biomineralized ZIF‐8 Encapsulating SOD from Hydrogenobacter Thermophilus: Maintaining Activity in the Intestine and Alleviating Intestinal Oxidative Stress
Authors: Li Yuying , Chen Weihua , Yin Jie , Xia Siting , Jiang Yayun , Ge Qianqian , Liu Jinping , Wang Mansheng , Hou Zhenping , Bai Yingguo , Shi Pengjun
Published: October 2024

Oxidative stress is a major factor leading to inflammation and disease occurrence, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a crucial antioxidative metalloenzyme capable of alleviating oxidative stress. In this study, a novel thermostable SOD gene is obtained from the Hydrogenobacter thermophilus strain (HtSOD), transformed and efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli with an activity of 3438 U mg−1, exhibiting excellent thermal stability suitable for scalable production. However, the activity of HtSOD is reduced to less than 10% under the acidic environment. To address the acid resistance and gastrointestinal stability issues, a biomimetic mineralization approach is employed to encapsulate HtSOD within the ZIF‐8 (HtSOD@ZIF‐8). Gastrointestinal simulation results show that HtSOD@ZIF‐8 maintained 70% activity in simulated gastric fluid for 2 h, subsequently recovering to 97% activity in simulated intestinal fluid. Cell and in vivo experiments indicated that HtSOD@ZIF‐8 exhibited no cytotoxicity and do not impair growth performance. Furthermore, HtSOD@ZIF‐8 increased the relative abundance of beneficial microbiota such as Dubosiella and Alistipes, mitigated oxonic stress and intestinal injury by reducing mitochondrial and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in diquat‐induced. Together, HtSOD@ZIF‐8 maintains and elucidates activity in the intestine and biocompatibility, providing insights into alleviating oxidative stress in hosts and paving the way for scalable production.
Inorganic‐Enriched Solid Electrolyte Interphases: A Key to Enhance Sodium‐Ion Battery Cycle Stability?
Authors: Guo Zhiyuan , Yang Mei , Fan Qi , Chen Yuting , Xu Teng , Li Chenying , Li Zhengyang , Li Zhiyuan , Sun Qin , Xia Hui
Published: October 2024

The characteristics of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at both the cathode and anode interfaces are crucial for the performance of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The research demonstrates the merits of a balanced organic component, specifically the organic sodium alkyl sulfonate (ROSO2Na) featured in this work, in conjunction with the inorganic sodium fluoride (NaF), to enhance the interfacial stability. Using a customized electrolyte, it has optimized the interphase, curbing excess NaF production, and created a thin and uniform NaF/ROSO2Na‐rich SEI layer. It offers exceptional protection against interface deterioration, transition metal dissolution, and concurrently ensures a consistent reduction in interfacial impedance. This creative approach results in a substantial improvement in the performance of both the Na0.9Ni0.4Fe0.2Mn0.4O2 cathode and the hard carbon anode. The cathode demonstrates remarkable average Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.9% and a capacity retention of 81% after 500 cycles. Furthermore, the Ah‐level pouch cell has shown outstanding performance with an 87% capacity retention after 400 cycles. Moving beyond the prevailing focus on inorganic‐rich SEI, these results highlight the effectiveness of the customized organic‐inorganic hybrid SEI formulation in improving SIB technology, offering an adaptable solution that ensures superior interfacial stability.
A multi‐dimensional incentive mechanism based on age of update in hierarchical federated learning
Authors: Zheng Zhaohua , Hong Yiming , Xie Xin , Li Keqiu , Chen Qiquan
Published: October 2024

Federated learning represents a decentralized approach to machine learning, enabling numerous devices to collaboratively contribute to model training while ensuring the privacy of individual data. However, the existing incentive mechanism of hierarchical federated learning (HFL) only considers the data contribution of a single round, which needs to be revised. For non‐IID data sets, the continuous selection of any end devices will cause the weights to diverge in a specific direction. Therefore, a new metric is needed to avoid continuously selecting a certain end device to ensure the overall effectiveness. We introduce a metric to describe the importance of updates: age of update (AoU), which can help select end devices not selected in the previous round to promote a faster model convergence. We put forward an incentive mechanism based on AoU, reputation, and data quantity in HFL (ARDHFL). We have derived the optimal equilibrium solution for the three‐stage Stackelberg game. Based on this solution, we can ensure maximum edge‐cloud utility while incentivizing end devices to engage actively in HFL tasks and providing superior data to train the HFL model. Finally, we conducted extensive experiments to prove that ARDHFL can effectively improve the performance. Compared with the fixed scheme, random scheme, FMore and InFEDge, the testing accuracy of ARDHFL in the MNIST dataset has been improved by 29.7%, 9.3%, 6.8% and 6.1%, respectively. In the CIFAR‐10 dataset, it has been improved by 40.2%, 33.1%, 16.4% and 14.2%, respectively, and demands fewer communication iterations to achieve the same testing accuracy.
Flow and sensitivity analysis of MHD radiative hybrid nanofluid flow across a permeable wedge with slip condition: Response surface methodology
Authors: Chakraborty Anomitra , Janapatla Pranitha
Published: October 2024

This current paper has been written to investigate the effect of a hybrid Tiwari and Das nanofluid model along with optimizing the flow using sensitivity analysis. Heat transfer rates and skin friction assessments were examined with the supplementation of external effects like heat source, thermal radiation, buoyancy forces, velocity slip as well as magnetic effect with spherical‐shaped nanoparticles. The mathematical modeling was formulated using a system of nonlinear PDE. Similarity transformations were implemented in the governing equations for obtaining the final set of nondimensional equations which were then solved using bvp4c code in MATLAB. The results obtained were in close agreement with published results. Some of the significant results obtained included an increase in Nusselt number by 2.26% for an increase in velocity ratio parameter () from to 0.3 along with an increase in skin friction coefficient by 0.77% with magnetic () parameter to . The heat transfer profile was augmented by 0.79% with increasing radiation parameter to while an increase of 18.84% was observed for skin friction profile values recorded for the hybrid model as compared to the base fluid model. Nusselt number reduced by 0.51% for a transition to nanofluid model from regular fluid and by 1.76% for the hybrid model compared to the nanofluid model The unblocked face‐centered central composite design (CCD) was used for analyzing the sensitivity analysis of independent, continuous input parameters on the response parameters, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number. The high values for , and , for Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient values, respectively, validate the ANOVA results obtained using response surface methodology (RSM). Only shows positive sensitivity for both the Nusselt number and skin friction responses. The present hybrid nanofluid model finds extensive applications in bio‐toxicity studies, manufacturing of water heaters, and forging of hot exhaust valve heads.
Electrostatic Systems
Authors: Méot François
Published: October 2024

This chapter introduces to electrostatic systems used in beam optics, and to the theoretical material needed for the simulation exercises. It begins with a brief reminder of the historical and technological context, and continues with electrostatic optics methods which beam handling, guiding and focusing lean on. optical element library offers analytical modeling of several electrostatic components. For instance ELCYLDEF: an electrostatic deflector; ELMULT: a multipole, up to 20 poles; WIENFILTER: a plane condenser, possibly combining a magnetic dipole; ELMIR, ELMIRC: N-electrode mirrors and condenser lenses, with straight or circular slits. Electrostatic elements can be simulated as well using field maps, via the keywords TOSCA, MAP2D-E or ELREVOL. Running a simulation generates a variety of output files, including the execution listing zgoubi.res, always, and, on demand, such files as zgoubi.plt, zgoubi.fai, zgoubi.MATRIX.out, aimed at looking up program execution, storing data for post-treatment such as graphics, etc. Additional keywords are introduced as needed in the exercises, such as the matching procedures FIT[2]; FAISCEAU and FAISTORE to log local particle data in zgoubi.res or in a user defined ancillary file; MARKER; the ‘system call’ command SYSTEM; REBELOTE do-loop for multiple-pass or for parameter scans; and some more. This chapter introduces in addition to spin motion in electrostatic fields, the simulation of which is triggered by the keywords SPNTRK. SPNPRT or FAISTORE log spin vector components in respectively zgoubi.res or an ancillary file. The “IL = 2” flag logs stepwise particle data, including spin vector, in zgoubi.plt file. Simulations include deriving transport matrix, beam matrix, optical functions, from rays, using MATRIX and TWISS keywords.
Betatron
Authors: Méot François
Published: October 2024

This chapter introduces the betatron fixed orbit cyclic accelerator. It begins with a brief reminder of the historical context, and continues with the Widerøe condition and the principles of fixed orbit acceleration in a betatron. The latter is at the origin of the theory of the “betatron oscillations”—treated in Chaps. 3 and 8. A realistic simulation of a betatron in would require the simulation of an induction electric field: this is doable from existing dipole models such as DIPOLE[S], and can be seen as an interesting code development exercise. A simpler approach on the other hand only requires two optical elements: DIPOLE and CAVITE. Accounting for synchrotron radiation (SR) energy loss requires SRLOSS. Monte Carlo SR monitoring can use SRPRNT, which logs data in zgoubi.res. SRPRNT[PRINT] in addition logs data in zgoubi.SRPRNT.Out. Electron beam monitoring requires keywords introduced in the previous chapters, such FAISCEAU, FAISTORE. SR monitoring uses SRPRNT. INCLUDE allows simplifying the input data files. Graphs are part of data treatment and simulation outcomes, they are produced using or gnuplot.
Strong Focusing Synchrotron
Authors: Méot François
Published: October 2024

This chapter introduces the strong focusing alternating gradient (AG) and separated function synchrotrons. It provides the theoretical material which the simulation exercises lean on. The chapter begins with a brief reminder of the historical context, and continues with beam optics, chromaticity, acceleration, resonances and resonant extraction, dynamical effects of synchrotron radiation (SR), the electromagnetic SR impulse, and depolarizing resonances. This resorts to basic charged particle optics, acceleration, and dynamics in magnetic fields introduced in the previous chapters. The simulation of a strong focusing AG synchrotron requires just two optical elements from library: DIPOLE or MULTIPOL to simulate a combined function dipole, and DRIFT to simulate straight sections. Main dipoles in a separated function synchrotron can use BEND. It requires in addition quadrupoles, simulated using QUADRUPO or MULTIPOL. The latter can simulate higher order lenses, which can otherwise resort to SEXTUPOL, OCTUPOLE, etc. Acceleration uses CAVITE. Accounting for synchrotron radiation (SR) energy loss requires SRLOSS. Monte Carlo SR monitoring can use SRPRNT, which logs data in zgoubi.res. SRPRNT[PRINT] in addition logs data in zgoubi.SRPRNT.Out. Computation of synchrotron radiation (SR) Poynting and spectral brightness uses . Particle monitoring requires keywords introduced in the previous Chapters, including FAISCEAU, FAISTORE, possibly PICKUPS, and some others. Spin motion computation and monitoring resort to SPNTRK, SPNPRT, FAISTORE. Optics matching and optimization use FIT[2]. INCLUDE is used, mostly here in order to simplify the input data files. SYSTEM is used to, mostly, resort to gnuplot so as to end simulations with some specific graphs. Data for the latter are read from output files filled up during the execution of the code, such as zgoubi.fai (resulting from the use of FAISTORE), zgoubi.plt (resulting from IL$$=$$
=
2), or other zgoubi.*.out files resulting from a PRINT command. Stepwise particle data logged in zgoubi.plt are used by the interface zpop to compute the electric field impulse of SR and subsequent spectral angular energy density of the radiation.
A Note on the Fourier Magnitude Data and Sobolev Embeddings
Authors: Railo Jesse
Published: October 2024

We study Sobolev $$H^s(\mathbb {R}^n)$$

H
s

(

R

n

)

, $$s \in \mathbb {R}$$

s
∈
R

, stability of the Fourier phase problem to recover f from the knowledge of $$| \hat{f} |$$

|

f
^

|

with an additional Bessel potential $$H^{t,p}(\mathbb {R}^n)$$

H

t
,
p

(

R

n

)

a priori estimate when $$t \in \mathbb {R}$$

t
∈
R

and $$p \in [1,2]$$

p
∈
[
1
,
2
]

. These estimates are related to the ones studied recently by Steinerberger in ”On the stability of Fourier phase retrieval” J. Fourier Anal. Appl., 28(2):29, 2022. While our estimates in general are different, they share some comparable special cases and the main improvement given here is that we can remove an additional imaginary term and obtain sharper constants. We also consider these estimates for the quotient distances related to the non-uniqueness of the Fourier phase problem. Our arguments closely follow the Fourier analysis proof of the Sobolev embeddings for Bessel potential spaces with minor modifications.
Rezidivierende Hämolysen und Eisenüberladung unklarer Genese
Authors: Distelmaier Laura , Gebhard Christian , Holzäpfel Antje , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Theurich Sebastian , Cario Holger , Spiekermann Karsten
Published: October 2024

Vorgestellt wird der Fall eines 33-jährigen Mannes mit rezidivierenden Ikterusepisoden und Hämolysen seit der Kindheit, die lange als Morbus Meulengracht fehlgedeutet wurden. In der Folge entwickelten sich bei dem Patienten auch eine Splenomegalie und Gallensteine in Verbindung mit einer Eisenüberladung. Auf Basis gendiagnostischer Untersuchungen wurde eine hereditäre Xerozytose diagnostiziert, das heißt eine Erythrozytenmembranstörung, die rezidivierende Hämolysen verursacht. Die Diagnose der Xerozytose ist oft eine Herausforderung. Die Häufigkeit der Erkrankung wird möglicherweise unterschätzt, da eine mikroskopische Blutuntersuchung häufig keine typischen Befunde liefert. Zudem fällt der Eosin-5-Maleimid(EMA)-Test, der zur Diagnose anderer Erythrozytenmembranstörungen eingesetzt wird, normal aus. In Fällen von Splenomegalie, Eisenüberladung und rezidivierender Hämolyse oder im Falle eines klinisch diagnostizierten Morbus Meulengracht in Kombination mit einem der zuvor genannten Symptome sollten weiterführende Untersuchungen und gegebenenfalls auch eine gendiagnostische Abklärung erwogen werden.
Internal exposure to heat-induced food contaminants in omnivores, vegans and strict raw food eaters: biomarkers of exposure to 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol (urinary excretion) and glycidol (hemoglobin adduct N-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-Val)
Authors: Monien Bernhard H. , Kuhlmann Jan , Gauch Fabian , Weikert Cornelia , Abraham Klaus
Published: October 2024

Fatty acid esters of 2/3-monochloropropanediol (2/3-MCPD) and glycidol are formed mainly during heat processing (deodorization) of vegetable oils, and are hydrolyzed by lipases in the gastrointestinal tract leading to the absorption of 2/3-MCPD and glycidol. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified 3-MCPD as possibly and glycidol as probably carcinogenic to humans. The aims of the current work were to clarify the exposure to 2/3-MCPD and glycidol associated with different dietary habits (omnivore, vegan, raw-food eating), and the exposure development between 2017 and 2021 in German study participants. The questions were addressed using the daily urinary excretion of 2/3-MCPD and the hemoglobin adduct N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-Val (DHP-Val) formed from glycidol as biomarkers of exposure, which were determined in two dietary studies including 36 omnivores, 36 vegans and 16 strict raw food eaters (abstaining from any heated food for at least four months). The median urinary excretion of 2- and 3-MCPD in non-smoking omnivores and vegans was 0.87 and 1.35 µg/day (2-MCPD), respectively, and 0.79 and 1.03 µg/day (3-MCPD), respectively. The 2/3-MCPD concentrations in urine samples of raw food eaters were usually below the limit of detection. The median DHP-Val levels in non-smoking vegans and omnivores were 3.9 pmol/g Hb each, and 1.9 pmol/g Hb in raw food eaters. Between 2017 and 2021, the exposure to 3-MCPD and glycidol did not change, however, the median 2-MCPD excretion decreased (p = 0.02, omnivores and vegans combined). The correlation between daily excretions of 2/3-MCPD determined 4 years apart was weak, whereas a moderate correlation was observed for DHP-Val (r
S = 0.66) in this timeframe. In conclusion, the exposure to glycidol in omnivores and vegans was alike, whereas the 2/3-MCPD exposure was somewhat (albeit not significantly) higher in vegans. While 2/3-MCPD were hardly detectable in urine samples of raw food eaters, the median DHP-Val level (about 50% of those in omnivores) indicates a glycidol source independent of the dietary exposure.
Geodesic connectivity and rooftop envelopes in the Cegrell classes
Authors: Åhag Per , Czyż Rafał , Lu Chinh H. , Rashkovskii Alexander
Published: October 2024

This study examines geodesics and plurisubharmonic envelopes within the Cegrell classes on bounded hyperconvex domains in

$$\mathbb {C}^n$$

C

n

. We establish that solutions possessing comparable singularities to the complex Monge–Ampère equation are identical, affirmatively addressing a longstanding open question raised by Cegrell. This achievement furnishes the most general form of the Bedford–Taylor comparison principle within the Cegrell classes. Building on this foundational result, we explore plurisubharmonic geodesics, broadening the criteria for geodesic connectivity among plurisubharmonic functions with connectable boundary values. Our investigation also delves into the notion of rooftop envelopes, revealing that the rooftop equality condition and the idempotency conjecture are valid under substantially weaker conditions than previously established, a finding made possible by our proven uniqueness result. The paper concludes by discussing the core open problems within the Cegrell classes related to the complex Monge–Ampère equation.
Efficacy and Safety of Cell-Assisted Acellular Adipose Matrix Transfer for Volume Retention and Regeneration Compared to Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection
Authors: Jin Xian , Yoo Hyokyung , Tran Vinh Vuong The , Yi Chenggang , Hong Ki Yong , Chang Hak
Published: October 2024

Background

Cell-assisted acellular adipose matrix (AAM) transfer is a novel technique for soft tissue volume restoration, where AAM acts as a scaffold for tissue proliferation and promotes host cell migration, vascularization, and adipogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of in vivo cell-assisted AAM transfer compared to hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection.

Methods

Human adipose tissue was used to manufacture AAM, and murine adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were prepared. Nude mice were divided into four groups: AAM transfer (AT), ASC-assisted AAM transfer (CAT), HA filler injection (HI), and ASC-assisted HA filler injection (CHI). Eight weeks post-transfer, in vivo graft volume/weight, histology, and gene expression were analyzed to assess efficacy and safety.

Results

The AAM retained its three-dimensional scaffold structure without cellular components. AT/CAT showed lower volume retention than HA/CHA; however, CAT maintained a similar volume to HA. Histologically, adipogenesis and collagen formation were increased in AT/CAT compared to HA/CHA, with CAT showing the highest levels. CAT also demonstrated superior angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and gene expression (Vegf and Pparg), along with lower Il-6 expression, higher Il-10 expression, and reduced capsule formation, indicating better biocompatibility.

Conclusions

Cell-assisted AAM transfer is a promising technique for volume retention and tissue regeneration, offering a safe and effective alternative to HA filler injections.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
A multi-docking strategy for robotic LAR and deep pelvic surgery with the Hugo RAS system: experience from a tertiary referral center
Authors: Rottoli Matteo , Violante Tommaso , Calini Giacomo , Cardelli Stefano , Novelli Marco , Poggioli Gilberto
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In June 2023, our institution adopted the Medtronic Hugo RAS system for colorectal procedures. This system’s independent robotic arms enable personalized docking configurations. This study presents our refined multi-docking strategy for robotic low anterior resection (LAR) and deep pelvic procedures, designed to maximize the Hugo RAS system’s potential in rectal surgery, and evaluates the associated learning curve.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included 31 robotic LAR procedures performed with the Hugo RAS system using our novel multi-docking strategy. Docking times were the primary outcome. The Mann–Kendall test, Spearman’s correlation, and cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis were used to assess the learning curve and efficiency gains associated with the strategy.

Results

Docking times showed a significant negative trend (p < 0.01), indicating improved efficiency with experience. CUSUM analysis confirmed a distinct learning curve, with proficiency achieved around the 15th procedure. The median docking time was 6 min, comparable to other robotic platforms after proficiency.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of a multi-docking strategy in robotic LAR using the Hugo RAS system. Our personalized approach, capitalizing on the system’s unique features, resulted in efficient docking times and streamlined surgical workflow. This approach may be particularly beneficial for surgeons transitioning from laparoscopic to robotic surgery, facilitating a smoother adoption of the new technology. Further research is needed to validate the generalizability of these findings across different surgical settings and experience levels.
Psoriasis localization patterns in the Swiss Psoriasis Registry (SDNTT) over 11 years: an analysis by sex and age
Authors: Birkenmaier Ion , Maul Lara Valeska , Oyanguren Iker , Sorbe Christina , Fröhlich Fabienne , Schlapbach Christoph , Heidemeyer Kristine , Yawalkar Nikhil , Boehncke Wolf-Henning , Ring Hans-Christian , Thyssen Jacob P. , Egeberg Alexander , Micheroli Raphael , Thomsen Simon Francis , Mainetti Carlo , Cozzio Antonio , Kündig Thomas M. , Levesque Mitchell P. , Navarini Alexander , Maul Julia-Tatjana
Published: October 2024

Real-world data on anatomically localized psoriasis and its response to systemic therapy across different age-groups and sexes is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the severity and distribution of psoriasis over time in female and male patients receiving systemic therapies, categorized by age within the Swiss psoriasis registry (SDNTT). Patient-data was obtained over 11 years through the SDNTT. The localized Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (locPASI) of the head, trunk, upper and lower extremities was analyzed over two years following the start of systemic non-/biologic treatment. A total of 316 female and 517 male patients were analyzed. Male patients had a higher baseline locPASI for legs, trunk and arms (p < 0.001), but not for the head (p = 0.961). The locPASI for the head in younger female patients (18–40 years) had a higher score than those aged 55 + (p = 0.022) and after two years, middle aged (41–54) showed a lower score compared to younger patients (p = 0.045). Younger male patients revealed a lower score after two years of therapy in the leg- and arm-area compared to older (p = 0.018 and p = 0.048, respectively). Female patients on non-biologics had a fast initial response, converging with male patients’ scores over 24 months. Over 75% locPASI reduction was observed for female head-area (81.4%), male trunk (82.7%) and legs (76.1%). Absolute locPASI ≤ 2 was achieved 3–6 months for all locations with interleukin (IL)-17, IL-12/23 and IL-23-inhibitors, except for the legs of male patients on anti-IL-17 and female patients on anti-IL-12/23 and -IL-23. After two years, male patients did not achieve a locPASI ≤ 2 for any biologic-treatment in the legs, nor for the arms on anti-TNF-α. Significant disparities in localized PASI were observed between female and male patients. The age, sex and severity of distinct localizations should be considered to optimize treatment goals.
Detection of Alport gene variants in children and young people with persistent haematuria
Authors: Ng Natasha Su Lynn , Yamamura Tomohiko , Shenoy Mohan , Stuart Helen M. , Lennon Rachel
Published: October 2024

Background

Genetic kidney disease is an important cause of persistent microscopic haematuria in children and young people. We aimed to determine the frequency of variants in the Alport syndrome genes (COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5) in individuals under 18 years of age presenting with persistent microscopic haematuria to a single specialist centre in the UK over a 10-year period.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of individuals referred to a tertiary paediatric nephrology service with persistent microscopic haematuria between April 2012 to 2022.

Results

A total of 224 individuals (female 51.8%) were evaluated with persistent microscopic haematuria of greater than 6 months duration. The age at presentation was 7.5 ± 4.3 years (mean ± SD) with a duration of follow-up of 6.8 ± 4.6 years (mean ± SD). Targeted exome sequencing was performed in 134 individuals and 91 (68%) had a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5. Only 49.5% of individuals with identified variants had a family history of microscopic haematuria documented and 37.4% (34/91) had additional proteinuria at presentation. COL4A5 was the most common gene affected and missense variants affecting glycine residues were the most common variant type.

Conclusion

Over two-thirds of children and young people who underwent genetic testing had an identifiable genetic basis for their microscopic haematuria and over half did not have a documented family history. Genetic testing should be part of the evaluation of persistent microscopic haematuria despite a negative family history.

Graphical abstract
Complications and failure after Kock continent ileostomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Emile S. H. , Garoufalia Z. , Mavrantonis S. , Rogers P. , Barsom S. H. , Horesh N. , Gefen R. , Wexner S. D.
Published: October 2024

Background

A significant number of patients experience complications of the Kock pouch (KP) warranting revision or excision. This systematic review aimed to assess the pooled prevalence and risk factors for complications and failure of the KP.

Methods

This Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA)-compliant systematic review (CRD42023416961) searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies on adult patients with Kock continent ileostomy published after the year 2000. The main outcome measures were revision, complications, and failure of the KP. Risk factors for complications and failure were assessed using a meta-regression analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-1 tool. A proportional meta-analysis of the main outcomes was performed.

Results

A total of 19 studies (2042 patients) were included. The weighted mean prevalence of complications was 60.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 46.1–74.7%], of pouch revision was 46.6% (95% CI: 38.5–54.7%), and of pouch failure was 12.9% (95% CI: 9.3–16.4%). Studies conducted in the USA had a mean failure prevalence of 12.6% (95% CI: 6.2–18.9%) comparable to studies conducted in Europe (11.1%; 95% CI: 7.5–14.7%). Factors associated with higher complications were increased body mass index (BMI) and previous ileoanal pouch anastomosis (IPAA); however, these factors were not associated with increased pouch failure.

Conclusions

The KP is a highly complex operation as shown by a pooled complication prevalence of 60%, and thus, it should be only performed by experienced surgeons. Despite the high prevalence of complications and need for revisional surgery, patients are keen to preserve their KP. Increased BMI and a previous failed IPAA are risk factors for pouch complications, but not failure.
Divisible convex sets with properly embedded cones
Authors: Blayac Pierre-Louis , Viaggi Gabriele
Published: October 2024

In this article we construct many examples of properly convex irreducible domains divided by Zariski dense relatively hyperbolic groups in every dimension at least 3. This answers a question of Benoist. Relative hyperbolicity and non-strict convexity are captured by a family of properly embedded cones (convex hulls of points and ellipsoids) in the domain. Our construction is most flexible in dimension 3 where we give a purely topological criterion for the existence of a large deformation space of geometrically controlled convex projective structures with totally geodesic boundary on a compact 3-manifold.
Zyklusgebundene Anfälle der Frau
Authors: Müffelmann Birgitt
Published: October 2024

Viele Frauen mit Epilepsie berichten in der neurologischen Sprechstunde oder in einer Epilepsieambulanz von einer Zyklusbindung ihrer Anfälle. Anfallscluster im Rahmen des Menstruationszyklus bezeichnet man als katameniale Anfallshäufung bzw. katameniale Epilepsie. Zyklusbedingte Hormonschwankungen sind unstrittig. Aber welcher Einfluss auf die Anfallssituation ist gesichert, und was bedeutet das für die Beratung? Dieser Beitrag gibt anhand der aktuellen Literatur einen Überblick über den aktuellen Kenntnisstand, therapeutische Möglichkeiten und Empfehlungen für die Praxis.
A biological age based on common clinical markers predicts health trajectory and mortality risk in dogs
Authors: Herzig Sébastien , Zollinger Alix , Texari Lorane , Holzwarth James A. , Middleton Rondo P. , Pan Yuanlong , Steiner Pascal , Gut Philipp
Published: October 2024

Predicting aging trajectories through biomarkers of biological aging can guide interventions that optimize healthy lifespan in humans and companion animals. Differences in physiology, genetics, nutrition, and lifestyle limit the generalization of such biomarkers and may therefore require species-specific algorithms. Here, we compared correlations of standard clinical blood parameters with survival probability in humans with those of the two most common mammalian companion animals, cats and dogs, and highlighted universal and species-specific relationships. Based on this comparative analysis, we generated and validated an algorithm that predicts biological age in canines using a longitudinal dataset with health records, blood count, and clinical chemistry from 829 dogs spanning over 12 years. Positive deviations of biological from chronological age (AgeDev) measured by this composite score significantly correlated with a decreased survival probability (hazard ratio = 1.75 per 1 year of AgeDev, p = 3.7e − 06). Importantly, in nearly half of the dogs whose biological age was accelerated by more than 1 year, none or only a single individual marker scored outside its respective reference range, suggesting practical applications for the detection of unfavorable health trajectories. Analyzing samples from a unique 14-year life-long diet restriction study, we show that restricted caloric intake lowers biological age, an effect that can be quantified at midlife years before a difference in survival is observed. Thus, a biological age clock based on clinical blood tests predicts the health trajectories of dogs for use in research and veterinary practice.
A Monte Carlo study comparing dead-time losses of a gamma camera between tungsten functional paper and lead sheet for dosimetry in targeted radionuclide therapy with Lu-177
Authors: Nakanishi Kohei , Fujita Naotoshi , Iwanaga Haruna , Asano Yuki , Abe Shinji , Nishii Ryuichi , Kato Katsuhiko
Published: October 2024

Objective

Dead-time loss is reported to be non-negligible for some patients with a high tumor burden in Lu-177 radionuclide therapy, even if the administered activity is 7.4 GBq. Hence, we proposed a simple method to shorten the apparent dead time and reduce dead-time loss using a thin lead sheet in previous work. The collimator surface of the gamma camera was covered with a lead sheet in our proposed method. While allowing the detection of 208-keV gamma photons of Lu-177 that penetrate the sheet, photons with energies lower than 208 keV, which cause dead-time loss, were shielded. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of tungsten functional paper (TFP) for the proposed method using Monte Carlo simulation.

Methods

The count rates in imaging of Lu-177 administered to patients were simulated with the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 110 phantom using the GATE Monte Carlo simulation toolkit. The simulated gamma cameras with a 0.5-mm lead sheet, 1.2-mm TFP, or no filter were positioned closely on the anterior and posterior sides of the phantom. The apparent dead times and dead-time losses at 24 h after administration were calculated for an energy window of 208 keV ± 10%. Moreover, the dead-time losses at 24–120 h were analytically assessed using activity excretion data of Lu-177-DOTATATE.

Results

The dead-time loss without a filter was 5% even 120 h after administration in patients with a high tumor burden and slow excretion, while those with a lead sheet and TFP were 0.22 and 0.58 times less than those with no filter, respectively. The count rates with the TFP were 1.3 times higher than those with the lead sheet, and the TFP could maintain primary count rates at 91–94% of those without a filter.

Conclusions

Although the apparent dead time and dead-time loss with the lead sheet were shorter and less than those with TFP, those with TFP were superior to those without a filter. The advantage of TFP over the lead sheet is that the decrease in primary count rates was less.
Thrombose-Prophylaxe einer Thrombembolie
Authors: Binder Barbara
Published: October 2024

Thrombembolische Ereignisse können die Lebensqualität von Patienten stark einschränken und im schlimmsten Fall fatal enden. Das Risiko solcher Ereignisse maximal zu minimieren ist das Ziel. Wichtig für den Praxisalltag sind das Ab‑/Einschätzen des thrombembolischen Risikos betreffend die aktuelle Situation der Patienten. Chirurgische Eingriffe, krankheitsbedingte Reduktion der Mobilität wie auch Tumorerkrankungen und vor allem persönliche Anamnese stellen die Eckpfeiler für die Indikation einer Prophylaxe von thrombembolischen Erkrankungen dar.
Through-Window Home Aerial Delivery System with In-Flight Parcel Load and Handover: Design and Validation in Indoor Scenario
Authors: Suarez Alejandro , Gonzalez Antonio , Alvarez Carlos , Ollero Anibal
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the design, development, and validation in indoor scenario of an aerial delivery system intended to conduct the delivery of light parcels directly to the user through the window of his/her home, motivated by the convenience of facilitating the access to medicines to people with reduced mobility.The system consists of a fully-actuated multi-rotor (FAMR) equipped with a front basket where the parcel to be delivered is loaded by a lightweight and compliant anthropomorphic dual arm system (LiCAS) located at the supply point, using one of the arms to drop the parcel in the basket while the other arm holds its base to support the sudden moment exerted at the FAMR. The paper analyses four types of physical interactions raised during the operation on flight: (1) sudden changes in the mass distribution of the FAMR during the load/unload phase, affecting the multi-rotor position-attitude controllers, (2) impact and impulsive forces exerted by the human on the FAMR to demonstrate the reliability and robustness of conventional cascade controllers, (3) passive accommodation of the LiCAS while holding the FAMR during the parcel load, relying on the mechanical joint compliance, and (4) compliant human–FAMR interaction, interpreting the multi-rotor pose control error as a Cartesian/angular deflection to implement an admittance controller that allows the user guiding the platform. Experimental results allow the identification and characterization of these effects for different payload masses. The execution of the complete operation, involving the parcel load with the LiCAS and handover by the user through a window, is validated in a representative indoor scenario.

Graphical Abstract