bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast Dissolving Tablets: A Comprehensive Overview of Formulation and Manufacturing
Authors: Mangal Ritu , Bansal Mayank , . Vikas
Published: December 2024

Despite a number of drawbacks, the oral drug delivery system is still the recommended method of medication delivery since it is easier to administer and improves patient compliance. By creating "fast dissolving tablets" (FDTs), which dissolve or disintegrate quickly without water in the mouth in a matter of seconds because of the action of a superdisintegrants or by optimising the pore structure in the formulation. Fast Dissolving Tablets (FDTs) represent an innovative drug delivery system. This article provides a comprehensive review of FDTs, covering different components used in the formulation, manufacturing technologies along with their advantages, limitations and clinical applications.
Key words: fast dissolving tablets, superdisintegrants, oral drug delivery system, manufacturing technologies.
Between Violence and Nonviolence as Tools for Liberation in Africa
Authors: Okorie Ndukaku
Published: December 2024

Political theory as the study and systematic speculation of the writer or an author about the phenomena of the state has really served as models for explanation of the political reality and conditions of the people. Political philosophers and theorists through political theories have raised questions about “what should be the relationship between the state and the citizens?”, “How do we organize human societies?”, “what is the best principle or ideology for regulating the actual human society?”, among others. In the modern era, we have seen nations, political communities; postcolonial societies and indigenous peoples battle for political cum territorial sovereignty and self-determination. Different political theories, ideologies, methodologies and experiences; both colonial and postcolonial have shaped liberation struggles. The dimensions that the struggles have taken are informed and shaped by political theories and ideologies inherited from colonial mentality and residue. However, two prominent methodologies have played out in African struggles, these are violence and nonviolence. Each of these methodologies have manifested in different parts of Africa owing to the prevalent political theory embraced, in some Arab nations and other parts of the world, especially nations that went through colonialism. In spite of myriads of political theories on how best to organize human society, the establishment of a “perfect” or “ideal” political society has always eluded human beings. In this regard, I intend to examine the roles of violence and nonviolence as tools in liberation struggle for political and territorial sovereignty and self-determination. In doing this, I will be arguing that though violence and nonviolence are effective tools for achieving peace and liberation, depending on the prevailing circumstances, nonviolence is a better and more pragmatic alternative. The case for nonviolence would be drawn and anchored on some cultural values known in various African societies. This paper will draw from the concept and principle of UBUNTU – which means I am because we are. That is, I am only a human being because of other human beings such that when I inflict pain on others, I am also inflicting pain on myself. The paper concludes that nonviolence as a method anchored on some African values, such as Ubuntu, will set a better model for the best life.
Comprehensive Review of Multiclass Text Classification using the 20 Newsgroup Dataset
Authors: Michael Babatunde Adewoye  , Dr. Safina Ara
Published: December 2024

This dissertation showcases a comprehensive study of machine learning and deep learning algorithms on multiclass text classification using the 20Newsgroup dataset. The CRISP-DM methodology was followed, and a detailed step-by-step approach was taken to document every step from data collection to result evaluation. EDA was carried out before and after cleaning and preprocessing and the result was visualised in a word cloud to see the tokenized text. The dataset was pre-processed using tokenization, removal of stopwords, changing to lowercase and vectorization using TF-IDF. The models implemented are Naïve Bayes, KNN, XG Boost, Logistics Regression, Random Forest, Decision Tree, SVM, CNN, ANN, RNN and LSTM. It is interesting to note that SVM had the best accuracy and performed better than any of the Deep Learning models. The confusion matrices provided more details as to where each of the models struggled. Further investigation can be done on this work to find out why the deep learning models did not outperform the machine learning models. This work presents an accurate comparative analysis which can be validated by running the code attached.
Exploration of the Application Path of Folk Art Elements in Art Design
Authors: Hui Ze'en
Published: December 2024

Folk art elements, as an important component of traditional culture, carry rich historical and cultural connotations and profound national emotions. They provide valuable inspiration for modern art design with their unique artistic forms, rich cultural connotations, and extensive social foundations. In the context of globalization, integrating folk art elements into art design not only highlights the characteristics of traditional excellent culture, enhances the cultural heritage of design, but also promotes the inheritance and development of traditional culture. However, how to achieve the organic integration of folk art elements with modern design concepts while maintaining their authenticity is an important challenge facing the current art and design field. In view of this, an in-depth exploration of the application path of folk art elements in art design is aimed at contributing to the inheritance and promotion of excellent traditional culture and promoting innovation in art design.
Analysis of the Characterization of Supporting Role in Creation of the Gods I: Kingdom of Storms
Authors: Zhao Hanqing
Published: December 2024

The performances of the supporting characters in Creation of the Gods I: Kingdom of Storms (Fengshen) sparked discussion among the audience. The performance of the supporting role in Creation of the film is sometimes reflected in their relationship with the main characters. The director did not fully follow the traditional mythological roles during the filming process, but instead reconstructed contemporary character relationships through the performances of different types of actors.
Portuguese-Macao Border Dispute: Sovereignty and Colonial Resistance in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Li Jiarong
Published: December 2024

At the beginning of the 20th century, China was beset by internal and external threats, with Macao as a focus between China and Portugal. In their unending series of formal agreements, Macao was gradually transformed into a colony, and this greatly angered the Chinese society. Xiangshan Xunbao, which was formed in 1908 by Zheng Bian, Liu Sifu and others, becoming a platform for anti-colonial discourse. It exposed Portuguese aggression, condemned the Qing government's feeble response, and advocated for increased attention to the demarcation of Macao's borders. Meanwhile, it highlighted the complexities of the demarcation and helped to mobilize anti-colonial sentiment and social forces. This paper analyses the historical role of Xiangshan Xunbao, its impact on Chinese society, and its symbolic importance in the broader struggle against colonialism and the defense of national sovereignty.
Research on the Collaborative Education Mechanism of "Dual Connection and Dual Integration" of Curriculum Ideology and Politics in Higher Vocational Colleges
Authors: Zhang Chaoshan
Published: December 2024

Vocational education cultivates high-quality technical talents, skilled craftsmen and craftsmen of great powers. Its value logic aims at the deep coupling of "technical tools" and "technical ways", which requires the mutual integration of ideological and political education and professional education to form the resultant force of invisible education and explicit education. At present, there are some problems about understanding "dual connection and dual integration" in higher vocational colleges, such as deviation in concept understanding, insufficient understanding of curriculum ideological and political system construction, rigid application of ideological and political teaching methods, etc. On the basis of analyzing the inherent logical relationship of "dual connection and dual integration" between curriculum ideological and political education and professional education, this paper explores the implementation path of systematically setting up professional curriculum ideological and political objectives, innovating curriculum ideological and political training methods, speeding up the construction of teachers team and establishing assessment and supervision mechanism.
The Integration of Education and Technology: Empowering Special Needs Students
Authors: Zhang Mengdi , Wang Zhen
Published: December 2024

The integration of technology into education has revolutionized the way teaching and learning occur, offering significant opportunities for special needs students. This essay explores how technology can enhance learning experiences for students with disabilities by providing personalized instruction, adaptive learning tools, and assistive technologies. It examines the potential of these tools to bridge educational gaps, enabling more inclusive classrooms and improving educational outcomes for special needs students. Challenges, such as accessibility and teacher training, are also discussed, followed by strategies for successful integration. The essay concludes that the thoughtful application of technology in education can empower special needs students, offering them greater independence and improved learning experiences.
The Evolution of Cross-Cultural Rhetoric: An Analysis of Pragmatic Strategies in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Han Xu , Huang Xiaojing
Published: December 2024

With the acceleration of globalization, the role of cross-cultural rhetoric in international communication has become increasingly important. This paper explores the evolution of cross-cultural rhetoric in the context of globalization, focusing particularly on changes in pragmatic strategies. By analyzing rhetorical approaches and pragmatic strategies across different cultural backgrounds, this study reveals the processes of adaptation and transformation of language in cross-cultural communication. These changes not only reflect the mutual influence between cultures but also demonstrate how language adapts to an ever-changing global context. Understanding the evolution of cross-cultural rhetoric is crucial for enhancing cross-cultural communication skills and avoiding cultural misunderstandings.
The Bidirectional Impact of Immersive Experiential Learning on Students' Emotional Regulation and Learning Motivation in Higher Education
Authors: Duan Qingchen
Published: December 2024

The application of immersive experiential learning in higher education has increasingly shown its significant impact on students' emotional regulation and learning motivation. This teaching method, by simulating real learning environments, enhances students' situational engagement, thus profoundly influencing their emotional experiences and learning behaviors. This paper explores how immersive teaching leverages students' emotional responses to strengthen their intrinsic learning motivation and analyzes how students can optimize learning outcomes through effective emotional regulation. The study finds that the positive emotions elicited by this teaching method can significantly improve students' learning engagement and motivation, while good emotional regulation helps students maintain cognitive efficiency when facing learning challenges. With the continuous advancement of teaching technologies, immersive learning is expected to play a greater role in the educational field, promoting both the academic and emotional development of students.
Digital Ecological Perspective of Rural Education Development
Authors: Xie Yanwen
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, with the rapid development of digital technology, rural education in our country is facing an unprecedented opportunity of transformation, and the future of rural education is also full of many new challenges. This paper discusses the impact of this transformation on rural education from the perspective of digital ecology. This paper first analyzes the important influence of social structure and economy on digital education, and comprehensively expounds how economic development and social change shape the implementation of digital education, this paper discusses the impact of changes in student resources, such as the reduction of student numbers and the diversification of demand, on rural education. New trends in the flow of educational resources between urban and rural areas were also discussed, and the potential of digital education in narrowing the educational gap between urban and rural areas was demonstrated. This paper analyzes the challenges and opportunities faced by rural education in the digital ecology, and emphasizes the importance of solving the key problems such as the shortage of infrastructure and the improvement of teachers' technical ability. The purpose of this paper is to provide strategic recommendations and insights for the digital transformation of rural education.
Research on the innovative path of blended online and offline teaching in universities under the guidance of ideological and political courses
Authors: Jiayirebieke Gulizila
Published: December 2024

Under the guidance of ideological and political education in courses, the innovation of blended online and offline teaching mode in universities has become a key means to improve teaching quality. This article aims to analyze the inherent logic between the integration of ideological and political education and blended learning models, and study their integration paths in teaching. At present, the implementation of ideological and political education in courses has encountered difficulties in integrating concepts into course content, as well as problems such as lack of interactivity in online teaching and cognitive differences between teachers and students. In view of this, a series of innovative measures have been proposed, including deepening curriculum construction, enhancing online interaction, strengthening teacher training, etc., aiming to integrate ideological and political education into online and offline teaching, and thus cultivate students' ideological and political literacy.
COLOPHON AS A SOURCE ON THE ARABIC MANUSCRIPT TRADITION OF DAGESTAN
Authors: Alibekov Khizri G.
Published: December 2024

This article deals with the study of the Dagestan handwritten tradition through an examination of colophons found in Arabic and Arabographic manuscripts produced by Dagestanis between the 16th and 20th centuries. The author examined colophons of Arabic manuscripts stored in various public and private collections throughout Dagestan. The process of copying a manuscript often involved the scribe checking their work against the original text (protograph) and other manuscripts. The quality of the final handwritten book depended significantly on both the quality of the protograph and the availability of other manuscripts for collation. Colophons sometimes contain information recorded by the scribe concerning the copying process, the circumstances surrounding the creation of the manuscript, the protograph used, and any other manuscripts consulted during the copying process. Thus, the colophon is an important and valuable historical source that sheds light on numerous aspects of Arab-Muslim written culture in Dagestan. Information detailing the process of copying manuscripts appears in Dagestan colophons around the end of the 17th century, which coincides with a qualitative leap in the Arabic manuscript tradition and Muslim education during this period. This phenomenon can be associated with a new stage of Islamization in Dagestan, which began in the 17th century and involved a deepening of Islamic influence. As a result, the number of madrasas – Muslim spiritual and educational centers – increased significantly during this period. These madrasas, which became the primary places for manuscript copying, relied on high-quality educational materials in the form of reliable copies of Arabic manuscripts on various Muslim disciplines.
THE SACRED LOCUS OF LAKE KHUKO: A RITUAL AND RITUAL COMPLEX, ETYMOLOGY AND RELIGIOUS SYMBOLISM
Authors: Shtybin Vitaly V.
Published: December 2024

A number of special ritual practices of calling rain among the Black Sea Circassians-Shapsugs of the city of Sochi in the Krasnodar Territory are associated with the locus of Lake Huko, located on the Greater Caucasus Range near the border with the Republic of Adygea. In this article, based on field research, ethnographic and folklore materials, an attempt is made to explore these practices in relation to the toponymic etymology of the lake and its syncretic religious symbolic meanings.The presence in the ritual practices and etymology of the connection of the lake with the sea and the dolphin may indicate the presence in them of the relic symbols of early Christianity in its "folk" form. This is also hinted at by the “fish” symbolism found near the lake, which, however, requires careful verification of the time of its appearance. This article provides an analysis of the "marine" Christian symbolism in relation to the sacred narrative of Lake Huko. This approach allows us to look at the ritual practices of the Khuko locus from the point of view of the history of religion and the analysis of the sacred landscapes of the ethnographic group of the Black Sea Circassians-Shapsugs, and to highlight the syncretic forms of mixed traditional and Christian symbols that existed
THE ROLE OF THE DEPARTMENTS OF WORKERS’ SUPPLY OF DAGESTAN DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors: Efendieva Jamilya A.
Published: December 2024

In the context of efforts to falsify historical facts and underestimate the government’s wartime measures, an examination of the provision of food and industrial goods to the population becomes particularly relevant. The comprehensive exploration of this issue, utilizing Dagestan as a case study, remains incomplete and necessitates further investigation. A thorough analysis of these matters through the lens of labor supply departments enables a more comprehensive understanding of the wartime supply situation for the able-bodied segment of the population. Employing a comparative historical method, this study discusses the intertwined issues of rationed provision, the functioning of the stamp system, and the activities of the Departments of Workers’ Supply (ORS). This approach facilitates an assessment of the effectiveness of the ORS system by comparing quantitative and qualitative indicators of food supply in the republic before and during the war. The principle of historicism enables the tracing of the adaptation process of the working population to the rationed supply system. Utilizing retrospective analysis and synthesizing newly introduced archival documents, this research offers a more exhaustive examination of the various stages in resolving support-related challenges. Special attention is given to the economic situation in Dagestan after the Nazi Germany invasion, emphasizing the food problem and the imperative to transition to a rationed system for supplying food and industrial goods to the population. The ORS system emerges as a key factor in ameliorating the food supply situation for workers, enhancing their nutrition, particularly during night shifts, and aligning the organization of supply with the demands of production.
AUROCHS’ DRINKING HORN FROM THE CHERNAYA MOGILA KURGAN:
AN INTERPRETATION OF DECORATIONS
Authors: Chernetsov Alexey V.
Published: December 2024

This article examines the narrative images on the silver binding plate of the aurochs’ drinking-horn from the Chernaya Mogila kurgan (“Black Grave”), located in modern Chernigov and dated to the 10th century. The exceptional wealth of grave goods suggests it belonged to a princely dynasty, reflecting the cultural features of military elites on the eve of the Medieval Rus’ State’s foundation, just prior to Christianization. This culture exhibited a syncretism of Scandinavian traditions and Oriental elements introduced by Eurasian steppe nomads. B.A. Rybakov’s 1949 interpretation suggests that the decorations illustrate a motif from a Russian epic song (bylina). However, this view is contested due to some considerable reasons. The researcher notes that the anthropomorphic figure struck by its own arrow finds parallels in a magical formula from a 10th-century pagan oath. This study proposes an alternative interpretation associating the horn’s imagery with Scandinavian mythology, specifically the Ragnarök motif. The decoration appears to depict the monstrous wolf Fenrir breaking his fetters and anthropomorphic figures fleeing from him. A rooster, possibly linked to Elder Edda texts, may herald the onset of dramatic events. The Scandinavian nature of the decoration is supported by notable parallels, including a symmetrical pair of twisted beasts of prey on a pendant-medallion and a bird with crossed wings on a Gotland stone, along with various stylistic details. The interpretation of the drinking horn’s decorations as representing a central episode in Scandinavian mythological and poetic traditions holds significant implications for understanding the art historical, ethno-cultural, social, and political features of the Medieval Rus’ State’s formative period.
ON ZOROASTRIANISM IN DAGESTAN
Authors: Asatrian Garnik S.
Published: December 2024

This article explores possible traces of Zoroastrianism in Dagestan within the context of the pre-Islamic religious landscape of the North Caucasus. It presents methodological principles for identifying Middle Iranian lexemes with potential religious connotations in Dagestani languages, particularly Avar. The relevant data are presented as individual lemmas indicating, directly or indirectly, the spread of the religion of the Magi in Dagestan, apparently in a limited format. The study provides a detailed analysis of each lexeme related to the Middle Iranian period based on linguistic parameters. Additionally, it considers some Armenisms and Iranisms coming from Armenian and Scythian-Sarmatian milieus, though not directly related to Zoroastrianism. Meanwhile, if terms manifesting Christian influences have pronounced religious guise (such as designations of Christian objects and symbols, like the cross), and are thus easily identifiable, most purported Zoroastrian terms lack explicit religious markers, making them difficult to recognize without strict adherence to specific methodological principles. The hypothesis of a Zoroastrian past in Dagestan, despite the near-total absence of religious monuments with Zoroastrian attribution, is largely based on Emile Benveniste’s thesis conditioning a Zoroastrian inheritance for a particular ethnic community on the obligatory presence in the language of a number of diagnostic terms (or at least one of them) that reflect Zoroastrian dogma. The article also includes an appendix discussing the concept of the mosque in North Caucasian languages, providing materials and generalizations relevant to the main topic.
SUFI PRACTICES OF THE QADIRIYYA ORDER OF CHECHENS AND INGUSH IN KAZAKHSTAN: HISTORY AND MODERNITY
Authors: Albogachieva Makka Sultan-Gireevna
Published: December 2024

The emergence of the Qadiriyya order in Kazakhstan, practiced by the Chechens and Ingush, is inextricably linked to the tragic events that befell these Caucasian peoples during the Great Patriotic War. Falsely accused of collaborating with the Nazis, the Ingush, Chechens, Balkars, Karachays, Kalmyks, and other ethnic groups were forcibly deported from their ancestral lands to Central Asia. A second wave of Ingush and Chechen migration to Kazakhstan occurred during the Ossetian-Ingush conflict of 1992 and the subsequent Chechen Wars. Despite their displacement from their homeland, these groups retained their distinctive ethno-cultural features, with Sufi spiritual practices occupying a prominent position among these preserved traditions. This article aims to demonstrate the establishment of Qadiriyya in Kazakhstan and examine the unique characteristics of this tariqah’s existence in a new environment for the Ingush and Chechens. The main body of the article is divided into several thematic sections: deportation, reasons for the Ingush and Chechens’ decision not to return to their homeland, and Qadiriyya communities in Kazakhstan. This structure allows for a comprehensive exploration of the role and significance of Sufi practices in maintaining both religious and ethnic identity within Kazakhstan’s multi-ethnic and multi-confessional society. The study found that Sufism, as in the Caucasus, remains an integral part of the Ingush and Chechen spiritual world in their new region of residence and resists cultural assimilation with other spiritual practices prevalent in Kazakhstani society. The study employs contemporary methods of historical and ethnological analysis, which are essential for comprehending the significance of cultural phenomena and providing a detailed examination of Islam’s manifestation in Kazakhstan.
Pengaruh Kesadaran, Sanksi Pajak, Kualitas Pelayanan Pajak, dan Penerapan Sistem Samsat Drive Thru Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor
Authors: Nur Aeni Tati , Budyastuti Triyani
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of taxpayer awareness, tax sanctions, tax service quality, and the application of samsat drive thru system on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance. The population in this study is all motor vehicle taxpayers who have been registered at the West Jakarta Samsat Joint Office. This study used nonprobability sampling techniques, accidental sampling was 105 respondents. For data collection techniques using questionnaires and Data analysis techniques using SMARTPLS 3. The results of this study show that taxpayer awareness, tax sanctions and the implementation of the SAMSAT drive thru system have a positive and significant effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance. Meanwhile, the quality of tax services does not have a positive and significant effect on the compliance of motor vehicle taxpayers at the SAMSAT Joint Office in West Jakarta.
The Measurement of Regional Government Financial Performance Using the Value for Money Principle
Authors: Shidqi Alfi Irsyad , Murdiansyah Isnan
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the financial performance of the local government of Banyuwangi Regency using the concept of value for money at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of Banyuwangi Regency. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with primary and secondary data. Data analysis techniques use the concept of value for money with economic, efficient, and effective ratios. The results of this study state that the Banyuwangi Regency Government, through economic, efficiency, and effectiveness ratios in budget realization reports in the 2019-2022 period fully applies the principle of value for money.
Sustainability Report Disclosure: Dampak Kinerja Keuangan dan Komite Audit
Authors: Apriyani Miya Wahyu , Widoretno Astrini Aning
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan memperoleh bukti empiris atas pengaruh net profit margin, return on assets, current ratio, debt to equity ratio, dan komite audit terhadap pengungkapan sustainability report. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan infrastruktur dan perindustrian yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2021 hingga 2022. Populasi dalam penelitian ini diperoleh sebesar 130 perusahaan dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 66 perusahaan sebagai sampel. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa net profit margin dan debt to equity ratio berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan sustainability report. Sedangkan return on assets, current ratio, dan komite audit tidak dapat mempengaruhi pengungkapan sustainability report. Seluruh variabel dependen secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan sustainability report. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran terkait pengungkapan sustainability report dipengaruhi oleh apa saja sehingga dapat digunakan oleh perusahaan untuk bahan evaluasi dan pengambilan keputusan baik untuk manajemen maupun stakeholder.
Evaluation Of Cash Receipts And Expenditure Accounting Information Systems To Improve Internal Control
Authors: Maulana Firman , Permatasari Ditya
Published: December 2024

This study aims to evaluate the information system, particularly in cash receipts and disbursements, at Metro Swalayan in Malang City. This research is qualitative with a descriptive approach, meaning it will examine and describe the phenomena being studied, whether social phenomena or those derived from individual or group thoughts. The results of this study indicate that the accounting information system for cash receipts and disbursements at Metro Swalayan is not yet in accordance with Mulyadi's theory and previous research. This discrepancy is due to adjustments to operational needs. The shipping and sales functions are combined with the cash receipts function for efficiency.
СТВОРЕННЯ ОБ’ЄКТНОЇ МОДЕЛІ СИСТЕМИ «ІНТЕРНЕТ-БРОНЮВАННЯ ГОТЕЛЮ» В СЕРЕДОВИЩІ STARUML
Authors: Тузова І. А. , Тузов О. В. , Панченко Т. Д. , Чумак О. А.
Published: December 2024

У статті представлена створення об’єктної моделі системи «Інтернет-бронювання готелю» за допомогою середовища StarUML. Досліджуються важливі аспекти використання зовнішніх платформ для розміщення послуг та бронювання готельних номерів, що дозволяють графічно візуалізувати, специфікувати та документувати системи для ефективного розвитку програмного забезпечення. Розробка програмних застосунків різноманітного призначення пов’язана з використанням об’єктно-орієнтованого підходу, який полягає у декомпозиції інформаційних систем на класи – шаблони, на основі яких створюються однотипні екземпляри – і побудові з них ієрархії з використанням відношень композиції та успадкування. З поширенням об’єктно-орієнтованих мов програмування постала необхідність у використанні єдиної уніфікованої мови моделювання (англ. Unified Modeling Language; UML). Об’єктноорієнтована мова UML стала загальновизнаним стандартом (ISO/IEC 19501:2005), який дозволяє описувати структури програмних продуктів та бізнес-процеси. Її використання забезпечує зрозумілість для кожного фахівця, запобігає формуванню двозначностей чи неточностей. Крім цього, уніфіковану мову моделювання легко адаптувати під конкретну задачу [1]. UML є графічною мовою, яку можна використовувати й на папері, і з використанням CASE-засобів (зокрема, Microsoft Visio). За допомогою UML можна детально описати систему, починаючи розробку з концептуальної моделі з її бізнес-функціями та процесами, а також описати особливості реалізації системи, такі як класи, програмне забезпечення системи, схему бази даних. Використовуючи UML, ми також можемо розробляти складні системи швидко і якісно. Сама мова – це, по суті, нотація, яка активно використовується методом для опису розробок. Нотація являє собою збірку графічних об'єктів, що використовуються в моделях [2].
MODELS OF ECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND SEARCH FOR BALANCE
Authors: Білоусова Т. П.
Published: December 2024

This work presents models of economic equilibrium by L. Walras and V. Kardash. The Walras model, created in the second half of the XIX century, is the first mathematical model of general economic equilibrium. It is based on the concept of perfect competition and assumes that all market participants act rationally, striving to maximize their benefit. The model defines an abstract system in which rational individuals operate, optimizing their objective functions. At the same time, there is perfect competition, which means that no individual participant can influence the market situation. The Kardash’s model, developed in the XXI century, is a more modern and realistic model. It is based on the concept of a compromise economic balance and takes into account the presence of conflicts of interests between market participants. The article highlights the main differences between the models of L. Walras and V. Kardash, such as: the concept of modeling economic equilibrium; the mechanism for achieving economic equilibrium; the process of formation of equilibrium prices; supply and demand functions; determination of the state of equilibrium; degree of aggregation. Analyzing these differences, we come to the conclusion that V. Kardash’s model is a more modern and promising model for modeling equilibrium states under the conditions of a market economy. The model has such advantages as: constructability; practical orientation; socio-economic orientation. Kardash’s model uses specific marginal functions of demand and supply, which allows it to be applied to practical problems. It takes into account the conflict-compromise nature of market relations, which makes it more realistic and allows modeling not only competitive, but also socio-economic equilibrium. The article establishes that V. Kardash’s model is a qualitatively new stage in the development of the theory of general economic equilibrium. It allows more complete and accurate reflection of real economic processes.
РОЗРОБКА МЕТОДУ ГЕТЕРУВАННЯ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ВЛАСНОГО ГЕТЕРА В ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ КРЕМНІЄВИХ ДІОДІВ
Authors: Литвиненко В. М.
Published: December 2024

Варикапи – напівпровідникові діоди, які широко використовуються в радіоелектроніці в якості змінної ємності, величина якої управляється напругою. Варикапи включені в схеми радіоприймачів і бездротових модулів для передачі даних, застосовуються в пристроях, де задіяні частотно-залежні ланцюги. Робота варикапа актуальна при перебудові частоти вузлів в електроапаратурі. Також варикапи використовуються в частотно-задавальних ланцюгах, оскільки дозволяють швидко і просто змінювати робочу частоту. Однак слід зазначити, що вартість варикапів залишається порівняно високою, що пов’язано з низьким виходом придатних приладів. Це пояснюється високим рівнем зворотних струмів і низькими пробивними напругами варикапів, що визначається істотною залежністю зворотних характеристик варикапів від щільності структурних дефектів і домішок важких металів в їх активних областях. Робота присвячена виясненню причин та механізмів деградації зворотних характеристик кремнієвих варикапів з омічним контактом на основі нікелю в процесі відпалу плівки нікелю при формуванні омічного контакту та визначення можливості застосування операцій гетерування для запобігання деградації зворотних характеристик варикапів і підвищення виходу придатних приладів. Проведені експериментальні дослідження показали, що причиною деградації зворотних характеристик варикапів при формуванні омічного контакту на основі нікелю є проникнення в процесі відпалу плівки нікелю надлишкових атомів нікелю, які не були задіяні в утворені силіциду NiSi, в область об′ємного заряду p-n переходу. Докладно розглянута запропонована технологія виготовлення структур варикапів з омічним контактом на основі нікелю із застосуванням гетерування надлишкових атомів нікелю шляхом проведення додаткового низькотемпературного відпалу варикапних структур з використанням уже готового «власного гетера» – кордону розділу Si – NiSi. Показано, що розроблена технологія виготовлення структур варикапів із застосуванням гетерування дозволяє очистити активні області варикапів від атомів нікелю, що забезпечує суттєве зниження рівня зворотних струмів варикапів і підвищення виходу придатних приладів.
Development of Marketplace Competition as a Driver of Ukraine’s Economic Recovery
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kolomiyets Ganna M. , Riabovol Dmytro A. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: December 2024

Marketplaces are becoming one of the key players in the modern digital economy. The article analyzes their role and significance in relation to the development of competition in e-commerce in Ukraine. The aim of the study is to review the main directions of their impact on both the competitive environment and the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The main theoretical approaches to the classification of platforms and the study of competition in e-commerce are considered. Up-to-date statistical data on the dynamics of the development of online trade in Ukraine in recent years are provided, on the basis of which the growth of online sales despite significant economic and social challenges is stated. The features of the functioning of marketplaces in Ukraine are analyzed, allocating the competitive mechanisms through which sellers are attracted and the own profitability is maintained. The crucial role of marketplaces in fostering the development of small and medium-sized businesses through built-in features that give merchants access to a wide audience without the need for significant investments in their own digital infrastructure is verified. The importance of supporting local sellers and developing national digital solutions to increase the independence of Ukraine’s digital economy and reduce dependence on foreign platforms and solutions is outlined. The results of the study prove that marketplaces in general contribute to increased competition, while providing sellers with access to a wide audience and reducing barriers to entry. They also stimulate the improvement of the quality of service, optimization of pricing policy and expansion of the range of available goods and services. The findings emphasize the exclusive role of marketplaces as a catalyst for a number of processes of digital transformation of the Ukrainian economy. It is recommended to continue research on the effective regulation of their activities to prevent potential anti-competitive practices that may arise against the background of an oligopolistic market structure.
Determinants of Urbanism in the Context of Industry 4.0 Development
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, Krysovatyy Ihor A.
Published: December 2024

The main determinants of modern urbanism in the context of the development of Industry 4.0 are identified in the presented article. Attention is also focused on the fact that in the context of the rapid development of Industry 4.0, urban planning as a science and practice is undergoing significant changes. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, which includes the integration of cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, is becoming a powerful catalyst for the transformation of cities and urban processes. These new technologies contribute to the creation of «smart cities», which make it possible to increase the efficiency of resource use, optimize transport infrastructure and improve the quality of life of citizens. The aim of the presented article is to determine the determinants of urbanism in the context of the development of modern Industry 4.0. Methods used in the work are: analysis and synthesis – to determine the main determinants of urban planning; induction and deduction – to establish modern aspects of the development of Industry 4.0; generalization, comparison, graphical and tabular methods – to visually reflect the presented research results. It is also proved that modern urbanism covers a wide range of determinants of development, including digitalization, environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and economic competitiveness of cities. For example, digital technologies allow cities not only to better manage energy and water resources, but also to create innovative solutions to improve the safety and comfort of residents. At the same time, environmental factors, including reducing emissions and using renewable energy sources, are becoming key aspects of urban infrastructure development. Industry 4.0 also contributes to the creation of more flexible and adaptive urban management systems that allow us to respond to the challenges of our time in real time. Thus, the determinants of urbanism in the context of the development of Industry 4.0 cover a wide range of innovative approaches and technologies that form new standards of the urban environment and management.
Strategic Guidelines for Sustainable Development and National Security
Authors:   Educational and Scientific Institute of Public Service and Management of the National University «Odesa Polytechnic», Krasnostanova Nataliia E. , Pistun Ivan I. ,   Educational and Scientific Institute of Public Service and Management of the National University «Odesa Polytechnic», Rozia Oleksii V. ,   Educational and Scientific Institute of Public Service and Management of the National University «Odesa Polytechnic»
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the relationship between the strategic guidelines for sustainable development and the national security of Ukraine in the face of modern challenges, such as war, economic instability and environmental threats. For a full disclosure of the research topic, the approaches of scholars to the definition of strategic guidelines and strategic planning were analyzed, the main differences and interconnection of these concepts were clarified. In addition, the key views of scholars on the definition of «sustainable development» and its relationship with national security were considered. Particular attention was paid to the definition of the main strategic guidelines from the standpoint of sustainable development and national security of Ukraine in the present day conditions. Emphasis was placed on the need to combine long-term sustainable development goals, such as economic sustainability, social equality and environmental security, with national security priorities. The authors underline that sustainable development is an important condition for ensuring the stability of the State, as it helps to reduce internal and external threats through economic growth and protection of natural resources. Simultaneously, national security is a key prerequisite for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, as it provides stability and safe conditions for socioeconomic and environmental progress. The main results of the study are the identified key strategic guidelines for sustainable development, including the development of an innovative economy, green energy, biodiversity protection and increasing social justice. Important components of national security, considered in the article, are the modernization of defense forces, cybersecurity and energy independence. It is concluded that the integration of guidelines for sustainable development and national security is necessary to achieve a stable and secure future of the country. The article also outlines the prospects for further research in the direction of determining the optimal ways to combine these strategies in the context of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.
The Role of Cloud Technologies in the Management of Logistics Operations
Authors:   National Aviation University, Marinov Yevhen A. , Lisenyi Yevhen V. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: December 2024

The article examines the role of cloud technologies in the management of logistics operations. In the conditions of modern digital transformation, cloud technologies have become a key tool for optimizing logistics processes, increasing the efficiency of supply chain management, automating data processing, and improving interaction between participants in logistics networks. Cloud platforms allow companies to integrate data from various sources, providing access to information in real time, which significantly increases the efficiency and accuracy of managerial decision-making. The main advantages of implementing cloud solutions are analyzed, such as reducing costs for IT infrastructure, increasing the transparency of operations, the possibility of forecasting demand, as well as reducing the human factor in warehouse and transport processes. In particular, cloud technologies allow companies to automate inventory management, planning delivery routes, order processing and other key logistics functions. Particular attention is paid to the challenges faced by companies when implementing cloud technologies. One of the main challenges is data security, which includes the risks of cyber threats, leakage of sensitive information and data loss due to technical failures. The study examines measures to help minimize these risks, including the use of multi-factor authentication, data encryption and regular security audits. In addition, difficulties can arise when integrating cloud solutions with existing IT systems, which requires additional investment in adaptation and training of personnel. The results of the study confirm that the implementation of cloud technologies significantly improves logistics management, providing competitive advantages and increasing the level of customer service. This is especially important for Ukrainian companies that seek to remain competitive on the international market. The implementation of cloud solutions contributes not only to the optimization of operations, but also to the increase of strategic adaptability, which is critically important in today's dynamic business environment.
Penerapan Metode Moving Average untuk Mengurangi Fluktuasi Daya pada Sistem Pembangkit Hibrida
Authors: Ismail Syaiful , Rachmildha Tri Desmana , Hamdani Deny
Published: December 2024

Seiring dengan meningkatnya penggunaan teknologi panel surya fotovoltaik (PV) dalam sistem pembangkit hibrida, maka tidak terlepas dari beberapa tantangan yang harus di hadapi. Beberapa tantangan tersebut adalah fluktuasi daya PV yang akan berdampak pada operasional sistem pembangkit. Untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut, dalam rangka penelitian ini diterapkan metode moving average pada sistem penyimpanan energi berupa baterai, dengan tujuan untuk menyeimbangkan fluktuasi daya yang dihasilkan oleh sel surya PV yang disalurkan ke dalam infrastruktur sistem tenaga listrik yang ada. Penerapan moving average dilakukan untuk perataan daya keluaran aktual PV serta dengan memanfaatkan sistem kontrol pada konverter yang terhubung pada Bus DC dan terintegrasi dengan sistem AC berupa sistem PLTMH dan beban. Penggunaan baterai bertujuan menyerap dan melepaskan daya guna menyeimbangkan keluaran daya PV dan merujuk pada daya referensi baterai yang dihasilkan oleh Metode moving average. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan kinerja perataan daya menggunakan metode moving average berdampak signifikan dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebelum penerapan teknik moving average. Dengan demikian, terjadi peningkatan akurasi perataan, dan daya pada bus DC mencapai stabilitas untuk disuplai ke sistem AC. Keberhasilan penerapan metode moving average sangat terkait dengan sistem penyimpanan energi baterai, terutama konverter dan sistem kontrol yang digunakan. Dengan mengurangi fluktuasi, tujuan sistem pembangkit hibrida untuk mengatasi ketidakpastian pasokan energi dapat tercapai.