bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thalamic atrophy measured by artificial intelligence in a multicentre clinical routine real-world study is associated with disability progression
Authors: Zivadinov Robert , Bergsland Niels , Jakimovski Dejan , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Benedict Ralph H B , Riolo Jon , Silva Diego , Dwyer Michael G
Published: July 2022

Background

The thalamus is a key grey matter structure, and sensitive marker of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous reports indicated that thalamic volumetry using artificial intelligence (AI) on clinical-quality T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images alone is fast and reliable.

Objective

To investigate whether thalamic volume (TV) loss, measured longitudinally by AI, is associated with disability progression (DP) in patients with MS, participating in a large multicentre study.

Methods

The DeepGRAI (Deep Grey Rating via Artificial Intelligence) Registry is a multicentre (30 USA sites), longitudinal, observational, retrospective, real-world study of relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients. Each centre enrolled between 30 and 35 patients. Brain MRI exams acquired at baseline and follow-up on 1.5T or 3T scanners with no prior standardisation were collected. TV measurement was performed on T2-FLAIR using DeepGRAI, and on two dimensional (D)-weighted and 3D T1-weighted images (WI) by using FMRIB’s Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool software where possible.

Results

1002 RRMS patients were followed for an average of 2.6 years. Longitudinal TV analysis was more readily available on T2-FLAIR (96.1%), compared with 2D-T1-WI (61.8%) or 3D-T1-WI (33.2%). Over the follow-up, DeepGRAI TV loss was significantly higher in patients with DP, compared with those with disability improvement (DI) or disease stability (−1.35% in DP, −0.87% in DI and −0.57% in Stable, p=0.045, Bonferroni-adjusted, age-adjusted and follow-up time-adjusted analysis of covariance). In a regression model including MRI scanner change, age, sex, disease duration and follow-up time, DP was associated with DeepGRAI TV loss (p=0.022).

Conclusions

Thalamic atrophy measured by AI in a multicentre clinical routine real-world setting is associated with DP over mid-term follow-up.
Risk of Parkinson’s disease in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Kwon Soonwook , Jung Se Young , Han Kyung-do , Jung Jin Hyung , Yeo Yohwan , Cho Eun Bin , Ahn Jong Hyeon , Shin Dong Wook , Min Ju-Hong
Published: July 2022

Background

Neurodegeneration is associated with pathogenesis of both multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMOSD). Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a representative neurodegenerative disease, however, whether MS or NMOSD is associated with risk of PD is not known.

Methods

MS and NMOSD cohorts were collected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2017, using International Classification of Diseases 10th revision diagnosis codes and information in the Rare Intractable Disease management programme. The PD incidence rate that occurred after a 1-year lag period was calculated and compared with that of a control cohort matched for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia in a 1:5 ratio.

Results

The incidence rates of PD in patients with MS and NMOSD were 3.38 and 1.27 per 1000 person-years, respectively, and were higher than that of their matched control groups. The adjusted HR of PD was 7.73 (95% CI, 3.87 to 15.47) in patients with MS and 2.61 (95% CI, 1.13 to 6.02) in patients with NMOSD compared with matched controls. In both patients with MS and NMOSD, there were no significant differences in relative risk when stratified by sex, age, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia.

Conclusion

The PD risk was higher in patients with MS and NMOSD compared with healthy controls and was particularly high in patients with MS. Further investigations should be performed to determine the pathophysiology and occurrence of PD in patients with MS and NMOSD.
Six versus 2 weeks treatment with doxycycline in European Lyme neuroborreliosis: a multicentre, non-inferiority, double-blinded, randomised and placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Solheim Anne Marit , Lorentzen Åslaug Rudjord , Dahlberg Audun Olav , Flemmen Heidi Øyen , Brune Synne , Forselv Kristine Johanne Nordstrøm , Pripp Are Hugo , Bø Margrete Halvorsen , Eikeland Randi , Reiso Harald , Mygland Åse , Ljøstad Unn
Published: July 2022

Background

There is limited evidence regarding optimal duration of antibiotic treatment in neuroborreliosis. We aimed to compare efficacy and safety of oral doxycycline for 2 and 6 weeks in European Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB).

Methods

The trial had a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority design. Patients with LNB were recruited from eight Norwegian hospitals and randomised to doxycycline 200 mg once daily for 2 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of placebo, or doxycycline 200 mg once daily for 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was clinical improvement as measured by difference in a Composite Clinical Score (0–64 points) from baseline to 6 months. The non-inferiority margin was predetermined to 0.5 points.

Results

One hundred and twenty-one patients were included. Fifty-two treated for 2 weeks and 53 for 6 weeks were included in the intention-to-treat analyses, and 52 and 51 in per-protocol analysis. Mean difference in clinical improvement between the groups was 0.06, 95% CI −1.2 to 1.2, p=0.99 in the intention-to-treat population, and −0.4, 95% CI −1.4 to 0.7, p=0.51 in the per-protocol population and non-inferiority could not be established. There were no treatment failures and no serious adverse events. The groups did not differ in secondary outcomes including clinical scores at 10 weeks and 12 months, cerebrospinal fluid data and patient-reported outcome measures. Patients receiving 6 weeks doxycycline reported slightly more side effects in week 5.

Conclusion

Our results strongly indicate that there are no benefits of doxycycline treatment beyond 2 weeks in European LNB.

Trial registration number

2015-001481-25.
Bubbles and lockdown in Aotearoa New Zealand: the language of self-isolation in #Covid19NZ tweets
Authors: Burnette Jessie , Long Maebh
Published: July 2022

In March 2020, as cases of COVID-19 were found in Aotearoa New Zealand, the government moved to eliminate community transmission of the virus through self-isolation. During this month, as the population discussed if, when and how households would be asked to stay at home, terms such as lockdown—the state of (national) closure—and bubble—the household isolating together—became common parts of everyday conversation.

In this article, we blend quantitative and qualitative research methodologies from corpus linguistics, literary studies and the medical humanities to compare the affective range of the terms lockdown and bubble as they were used in tweets containing the hashtag #Covid19NZ. Both lockdown and bubble are metaphors of containment that provided different ways of understanding and engaging with government stay-at-home measures by highlighting and minimising different aspects of the event. We found that while the strong, prison connotations of lockdown were reflected in discussions of the measure as a tough form of control exercised from above, the lighter associations of the term bubble led to the perception of this measure as more malleable and conducive to exertion of individual control. Yet, although the seemingly restrictive range of lockdown made it a useful term for the expression of negative affect, the term was actually more frequently used with neutral or unclear affect to share information. Conversely, while bubble tweets expressed more positive sentiment, humour and support towards government stay-at-home measures, this rendered the term surprisingly restrictive in its potential uses: its lightness makes it an effective way to limit the expression of antilockdown sentiment. As Kiwi Twitter users faced the uncertainty of the first COVID-19 lockdown, the pre-existing connotations of the metaphors used to frame stay-at-home measures also helped frame their own experiences of these measures.
Somewhere out there in a place no one knows: Yoko Ogawa’sThe Memory Policeand the literature of forgetting
Authors: Henning John
Published: July 2022

Yoko Ogawa’sThe Memory Policewas published in Japanese in 1994. Since the release of its first English translation in 2019, the text has attracted a handful of responses from English literary scholars. Most of these focus on the novel’s allegorical potential in relation to issues of totalitarianism and collectively enforced memory loss—as evocative, for example, of the Orwellian dystopia, or the state silencing of radiation victims in Japan. Ogawa’s text depicts inhabitants of an unnamed island as they suffer a series of ‘disappearances’. At the same time on arbitrary days, they forget about things like birds, hats, roses, sucking sweets and music boxes, eventually losing the ability to control various parts of their own bodies. In this world, the Memory Police are a militarised collective that remove all traces of ‘disappeared objects’ and ruthlessly disposes of islanders whose forgetting lapses. While my essay does not aim to displace existing readings of the text, it does suggest that these might be supplemented by a recognition of the aspects of Ogawa’s writing that evoke processes of biological individual forgetting—and, more specifically, the neurodegenerative course of dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease. An appreciation of the novel’s fertility, I argue, might be heightened by readingThe Memory Police, for example, as strangely resemblant of neurofibrillary plaques and amyloid tangles or by imagining the island itself as an image of the gradually fading Alzheimer’s-infected brain. In the paper that follows, I considerThe Memory Policealongside a collection of texts from what might be called a ‘literature of forgetting’—Thomas DeBaggio’sLosing My Mind, David Shenk’sThe Forgetting, Nicci Gerrard’sWhat Dementia Teaches Us about Loveand others—in an attempt to draw out some of their eerie resonances with Ogawa’s island.
Coccygeoplasty: preliminary experience with this new alternative treatment of refractory coccydynia in patients with coccyx hypermobility
Authors: Manfre Luigi , Gil Inês , Baptista Tiago , Calvão Pires Pedro , de Vivo Aldo Eros , Masala Salvador , Chandra Ronil V , D'Anna Gennaro , Hirsch Joshua A
Published: July 2022

Background

Coccydynia has many causes, including fracture, subluxation, and hypermobility of sacrococcygeal segments. Existing treatments are limited in their effectiveness. Coccygeoplasty (CP) is a relatively new, minimally invasive treatment that appears to address this difficult clinical challenge.

Objective

To describe clinical results at the time of the procedure and at 3- and 12-months' follow-up of patients with coccydynia related to subluxation and coccyx hypermobility treated with the CP technique. Additionally, to determine if there is any correlation between the final imaging and clinical results at 3- and 12-months' follow-up.

Methods

A prospectively maintained database was used, and all patients who underwent CP for chronic coccydynia between January 2005 and October 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. All the patients had painful hypermobility (greater than 25°) with anterior flexion confirmed on radiological imaging. Alternative causes of coccydynia were excluded using CT and MRI. Procedures were performed under local anesthesia with combined fluoroscopic and CT guidance. Clinical follow-up was performed at two time points: 3 and 12 months after treatment using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

Results

Twelve patients were treated in a single center. No procedural complications occurred. At 3- and 12-months' follow-up, the majority (75%) of patients had significantly lower VAS scores than at baseline, with mean changes of 3.5 and 4.9, respectively. There was no pain recurrence at 12 months and just one patient had no improvement of the pain. Follow-up CT images confirmed fixation of the sacrococcygeal bone segments in nine patients; however, no correlation was found between final imaging results and clinical outcome (p=0.1).

Conclusions

Patients with refractory painful coccyx subluxation and hypermobility undergoing CP have a favorable clinical response at 3- and 12-months' follow-up. Further studies are required to validate this technique and to identify predictors of treatment response. Coccygeoplasty may be considered a reasonable alternative to coccygectomy.
A shift to something better? A longitudinal study of work schedule and prescribed sleep medication use in nurses
Authors: Forthun Ingeborg , Waage Siri , Pallesen Staale , Moen Bente Elisabeth , Bjorvatn Bjørn
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To explore whether a change in work schedule was associated with a change in the probability of prescribed sleep medication use.

Methods

A longitudinal study with annual questionnaire data (2008/2009–2021, except 2019) on work schedule (day work only, shift work without nights and shift work with nights) and prescribed sleep medication use from 2028 Norwegian nurses (mean age 31.7 years, 90.5% women at baseline) who participated in the ongoing Survey of Shift work, Sleep and Health (SUSSH). Associations were estimated using a random effects model, and a fixed effects regression model in which nurses were included as their own control to account for potential unobserved confounding.

Results

In both models, day work was associated with a more than 50% lower probability of sleep medication use compared with shift work with nights (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.50, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.93 in the random effects model, and an aOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.70 in the fixed effects regression model). Shift work without nights was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in sleep medication use within nurses in the fixed effects regression model when compared with shift work with nights (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.20).

Conclusions

Day work was associated with a significant reduced probability of prescribed sleep medication use compared with shift work with nights. This indicates that quitting night work will improve sleep and thereby reduce hypnotic use.
Tumour-induced osteomalacia: a rare cause of chronic pain and weakness
Authors: Nasr John T , Tohme Jack , Collins Michael T , Drake Matthew T , Hartley Iris R , Sfeir Jad , Dockery Keith , Taskin Metin
Published: July 2022

Tumor-induced osteomalacia is a rare and often misdiagnosed condition that presents with progressively worsening unexplained chronic pain and proximal muscle weakness. The osteomalacia leads to multiple stress fractures which do not heal properly, leading to progressive disability. It is caused by chronic hypophosphatemia due to inappropriate urinary phosphate wasting. This is due to a typically benign mesenchymal tumor that over-secretes a phospaturic hormone. Neurologists need to appreciate the relevance of chronic hypophosphatemia in people with chronic unexplained pain, as timely diagnosis and treatment of tumour-induced osteomalacia can be curative.
Authority in tobacco control in Pacific Small Island Developing States: a qualitative study of multisectoral tobacco governance in Fiji and Vanuatu
Authors: Patay Dori , Schram Ashley , Collin Jeff , Sell Susan , Friel Sharon
Published: July 2022

Objective

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) struggle with implementing multisectoral tobacco control measures, and health sector actors often lack capacity to forge multisectoral commitment. This study aims to explore the sources and dynamics of authority that can enable multisectoral collaboration despite the divergence of policy agendas in tobacco control.

Methods

We applied a qualitative, explorative case study design, with data collection and analysis guided by an analytical framework that identifies sources and dynamics of authority. Seventy interviews were conducted in Fiji and Vanuatu between 2018 and 2019.

Results

The key features shaping multisectoral coordination for tobacco control in Fiji and Vanuatu are the expert, institutional, capacity-based and legal authority that state and non-state actors have in tobacco governance. The amount of authority actors can secure from these sources was shown to be influenced by their performance (perceived or real), the discourse around tobacco control, the existing legal tools and their strategic alliances. SIDS vulnerabilities, arising from small size, isolation and developing economies, facilitate an economic growth discourse that reduces health sector actors’ authority and empowers protobacco actors to drive tobacco governance.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the need for terms of engagement with the tobacco industry to enable governments to implement multisectoral tobacco control measures. Expanding assistance on tobacco control among government and civil society actors and increasing messaging about the impact of economic, trade and agricultural practices on health are essential to help SIDS implement the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Advanced Clustering Techniques for Emotional Grouping in Learning Environments Using an AR-Sandbox
Authors: Rodriguez Andres Ovidio Restrepo , Riaño Maddyzeth Ariza , García Paulo Alonso Gaona , Marín Carlos Enrique Montenegro
Published: July 2022

Recently, it has been proven that the emotional aspect directly influences the learning process, so that, based on data mining techniques, this behavior has been sought to be characterized. This has made clustering techniques become one of the most used techniques for this purpose. However, studies where emotional data obtained from a person’s brain activity are used, are rare. For this reason, the present study aims to implement and compare advanced clustering techniques based on emotional metrics obtained through Brain-Computer Interfaces, captured in an AR-Sandbox, which fulfills the role of a learning environment. The evaluation of these techniques is carried out using internal criteria such as silhouette coefficient, Composed Density Between and within, Calinski-Harabasz and other statistical measures. When carrying out this study, it was obtained as a result that, the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise and Density-Based Hierarchical Spatial Clustering of Noisy Applications algorithms as the Density-based clustering methods, presented a better level of well-separation, cohesion and compaction, in comparison to the rest of the techniques implemented.
Efficient Approach for Rhopalocera Classification Using Growing Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Kaur Iqbaldeep , Goyal Lalit Mohan , Ghansiyal Adrija , Hemanth D. Jude
Published: July 2022

In the present times, artificial-intelligence based techniques are considered as one of the prominent ways to classify images which can be conveniently leveraged in the real-world scenarios. This technology can be extremely beneficial to the lepidopterists, to assist them in classification of the diverse species of Rhopalocera, commonly called as butterflies. In this article, image classification is performed on a dataset of various butterfly species, facilitated via the feature extraction process of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) along with leveraging the additional features calculated independently to train the model. The classification models deployed for this purpose predominantly include K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM). However, each of these methods tend to focus on one specific class of features. Therefore, an ensemble of multiple classes of features used for classification of images is implemented. This research paper discusses the results achieved from the classification performed on basis of two different classes of features i.e., structure and texture. The amalgamation of the two specified classes of features forms a combined data set, which has further been used to train the Growing Convolutional Neural Network (GCNN), resulting in higher accuracy of the classification model. The experiment performed resulted in promising outcomes with TP rate, FP rate, Precision, recall and F-measure values as 0.9690, 0.0034, 0.9889, 0.9692 and 0.9686 respectively. Furthermore, an accuracy of 96.98% was observed by the proposed methodology.
Graph-Based Text Summarization and Its Application on COVID-19 Twitter Data
Authors: Das Ajit Kumar , Thumu Bhaavanaa , Sarkar Apurba , Vimal S. , Das Asit Kumar
Published: July 2022

Large volumes of structured and semi-structured data are being generated every day. Processing this large amount of data and extracting important information is a challenging task. The goal of an automatic text summarization is to preserve the key information and the overall meaning of the article to be summarized. In this paper, a graph-based approach is followed to generate an extractive summary, where sentences of the article are considered as vertices, and weighted edges are introduced based on the cosine similarities among the vertices. A possible subset of maximal independent sets of vertices of the graph is identified with the assumption that adjacent vertices provide sentences with similar information. The degree centrality and clustering coefficient of the vertices are used to compute the score of each of the maximal independent sets. The set with the highest score provides the final summary of the article. The proposed method is evaluated using the benchmark BBC News data to demonstrate its effectiveness and is applied to the COVID-19 Twitter data to express its applicability in topic modeling. Both the application and comparative study with other methods illustrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology.
Joint Architecture Design and Workload Partitioning for DNN Inference on Industrial IoT Clusters
Authors: Fang Weiwei , Xu Wenyuan , Yu Chongchong , Xiong Neal. N.
Published: July 2022

The advent of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has empowered numerous computer-vision applications. Due to the high computational intensity of DNN models, as well as the resource constrained nature of Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) devices, it is generally very challenging to deploy and execute DNNs efficiently in the industrial scenarios. Substantial research has focused on model compression or edge-cloud offloading, which trades off accuracy for efficiency or depends on high-quality infrastructure support, respectively. In this article, we present EdgeDI, a framework for executing DNN inference in a partitioned, distributed manner on a cluster of IIoT devices. To improve the inference performance, EdgeDI exploits two key optimization knobs, including: (1) Model compression based on deep architecture design, which transforms the target DNN model into a compact one that reduces the resource requirements for IIoT devices without sacrificing accuracy; (2) Distributed inference based on adaptive workload partitioning, which achieves high parallelism by adaptively balancing the workload distribution among IIoT devices under heterogeneous resource conditions. We have implemented EdgeDI based on PyTorch, and evaluated its performance with the NEU-CLS defect classification task and two typical DNN models (i.e., VGG and ResNet) on a cluster of heterogeneous Raspberry Pi devices. The results indicate that the proposed two optimization approaches significantly outperform the existing solutions in their specific domains. When they are well combined, EdgeDI can provide scalable DNN inference speedups that are very close to or even much higher than the theoretical speedup bounds, while still maintaining the desired accuracy.
Constraint-based Simulation of Passive Suction Cups
Authors: Bernardin Antonin , Coevoet Eulalie , Kry Paul , Andrews Sheldon , Duriez Christian , Marchal Maud
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we propose a physics-based model of suction phenomenon to achieve simulation of deformable objects like suction cups. Our model uses a constraint-based formulation to simulate the variations of pressure inside suction cups. The respective internal pressures are represented as pressure constraints which are coupled with anti-interpenetration and friction constraints. Furthermore, our method is able to detect multiple air cavities using information from collision detection. We solve the pressure constraints based on the ideal gas law while considering several cavity states. We test our model with a number of scenarios reflecting a variety of uses, for instance, a spring loaded jumping toy, a manipulator performing a pick and place task, and an octopus tentacle grasping a soda can. We also evaluate the ability of our model to reproduce the physics of suction cups of varying shapes, lifting objects of different masses, and sliding on a slippery surface. The results show promise for various applications such as the simulation in soft robotics and computer animation.
Origins of Racial and Ethnic Bias in Pulmonary Technologies
Authors: Sjoding Michael W. , Ansari Sardar , Valley Thomas S.
Published: July 2022

Understanding how biases originate in medical technologies and developing safeguards to identify, mitigate, and remove their harms are essential to ensuring equal performance in all individuals. Drawing upon examples from pulmonary medicine, this article describes how bias can be introduced in the physical aspects of the technology design, via unrepresentative data, or by conflation of biological with social determinants of health. It then can be perpetuated by inadequate evaluation and regulatory standards. Research demonstrates that pulse oximeters perform differently depending on patient race and ethnicity. Pulmonary function testing and algorithms used to predict healthcare needs are two additional examples of medical technologies with racial and ethnic biases that may perpetuate health disparities.
Relevance of Ancient Chinese Wine Ware Representation Design and Cultural Characteristics Based on Machine Learning and Semiotic Theory
Authors: Wang Weifan , Wei Jie , Xu Han , Zhang Yudian , Chen Han
Published: July 2022

Wine has an indispensable position in the ancient national food culture. Among them, wine vessels, as material carriers, are the core of ancient national wine culture, reflecting social functions, plastic arts, craft production, customs, habits, etc., and therefore are also the concrete expression of spiritual and institutional culture. Ancient ethnic traditional drinking vessels are not only a comprehensive manifestation of the precious material cultural heritage but also of the ancient spiritual culture of the nation. Through the study of the representational design and cultural characteristics of ancient ethnic traditional drinking vessels and the aesthetic tendencies they reflect, we can see the unique philosophy of life and the spiritual reverence of ancient peoples. Although these traditional ancient ethnic drinking vessels are now gradually marginalized and some have completely withdrawn from the historical stage, their spiritual and cultural value has increased rather than decreased. This paper explores the representational design and cultural characteristics of ancient traditional drinking vessels and the aesthetic tendencies they reflect and analyzes the correlation between them using ML methods and semiotic theory, to get a glimpse of the unique talent and wisdom of the ancients in aesthetic creation and gain new design inspiration from them.
Thermal-Moisture Dynamics at Different Underlying Surfaces in Permafrost Regions of the Central Tibetan Plateau by considering the Effect of Rainfall
Authors: Lei Bingbing , Wang Bin , Zhang Mingli , Zhou Zhixiong , Li Guang , Yue Guodong
Published: July 2022

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) has undergone an increase in rainfall and a drastic alteration in the moisture-heat regime in active layers and engineering. To investigate the water and heat responses of natural ground and engineering to rainfall, the differences in energy on the ground surface and the thermal-moisture dynamics of different permafrost underlying surfaces were discussed. Based on the meteorological data in 2013 observed at the Beiluhe observation station, three types of underlying surfaces (i.e., natural ground, asphalt pavement, and gravel pavement) were selected to compare the differences in energy balance at the ground surface, water-energy transport process, and coupling mechanism in active layers under rainfall conditions by a coupled water vapor-heat model of the unsaturated frozen soil. The results show that the asphalt pavement greatly increases the surface net radiation and soil surface heat flux, decreases the surface evaporation latent heat, and cuts off the moisture migration between the atmosphere and the active layer. The gravel pavement significantly increases the surface evaporation latent heat to lower the soil surface heat flux, and the amount of moisture in shallow soil is strongly influenced by rainfall and evaporation. Therefore, the moisture migration and accumulation under the asphalt pavement are dominated by the water vapor flux under thermal gradients, whereas the liquid water under the water potential gradients is the major source of moisture migration under the gravel pavement. The heat transfer in the shallow active layer is dominated by heat conduction. The effect of heat conduction, water vapor migration, and phase transition on the soil temperature is evident for the asphalt pavement, while the impact of liquid water migration on the shallow soil temperature for the gravel pavement is significant in the thawing period. As a result, the soil temperature relationship between different underlying surfaces is asphalt pavement>gravel pavement>natural ground. The thickness of the active layer gradually decreases. Although rainfall infiltration promotes the liquid water convection of the gravel pavement, the decrease in heat flux is less than the increase in thermal conductivity. In general, the construction of asphalt pavement and gravel pavement accelerates the degradation of permafrost. The results can provide theoretical and simulated guidance for the stability prediction and analysis of various underlying surfaces in the central QTP where rainfall is increasing.
Nonhomogeneous Data-Based Direct Position Determination: The RD-DPD-Capon Algorithm
Authors: Luo Shengmei , Wang Chao , Li Baobao , Zhao Gaofeng
Published: July 2022

The accuracy of conventional two-step location methods is insufficient since the information loss problem in the parameter matching procedure. In this paper, we propose a Reduced Dimension Direct Position Determination with Capon (RD-DPD-Capon) algorithm. By introducing the idea of dimension reduction, the proposed algorithm avoids grid search along with the attenuation coefficient domain. Therefore, the RD-DPD-Capon algorithm has relatively low computational complexity. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm inherits the high resolution and localization accuracy of the DPD-Capon algorithm. Numerical simulation verifies that the RD-DPD-Capon algorithm outperforms other conventional algorithms.
A Novel Identified Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA, LINC01574, Contributes to Breast Cancer Deterioration via the Regulation of miR-6745/TTYH3 Axis
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wu Lingyuan , Wei Mengjiao , Ding Peikai , Tian Xingsong , Zhu Kunbing
Published: July 2022

Objective. Compelling evidence suggested that lncRNAs performed vital functions in the development of breast cancer (BC). The study intended to mine the functional roles of LINC01574 in BC and further excavated its underlying regulatory mechanism. Methods. The expression and prognosis of LINC01574 in BC were detected by integrating analysis of data mining, bioinformatics, and RT-qPCR. Then, the effect of LINC01574 knockdown on BC cell growth and metastasis was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Interactions between miR-6745 and LINC01574 or TTYH3 were revealed by both target prediction and dual luciferase reporter assay. Results. Our data found that LINC01574 was markedly elevated in BC tissues and cells and was an independent prognostic risk factor for patients with BC. Further functional studies revealed that knockdown of LINC01574 remarkably inhibited the growth and metastasis of BC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC01574 competitively binds with miR-6745 to prevent the degradation of TTYH3, thereby promoting the development of BC. Conclusion. Our results unmasked a novel LINC01574/miR-6745/TTYH3 regulatory axis in BC progression and suggested that LINC01574 might be a promising prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for patients with BC.
Postoperative and Recurrent Hematuria after Pretransplant Core Needle Biopsy in Living Donor Kidney Transplant
Authors: Al-Adwan Yazan , Singh Navdeep , Chotai Pranit N. , Siddiqui Farjad , Limkemann Ashley , Schenk Austin , Subramanian Jayanthan , Washburn W. Kenneth , Alebrahim Musab , Rajab Amer
Published: July 2022

Background. Core needle and wedge biopsies are the two main pathologic ways to determine the suitability of a kidney allograft and to have a baseline allograft biopsy in case of future rejection. Case Presentation. A 57-year-old patient developed a renal arteriovenous fistula causing postoperative and recurrent hematuria after allograft pretransplant renal core needle biopsy and treated with selective Interventional radiology coil embolization. Conclusion. Delayed profound hematuria can be seen after pretransplant core needle renal biopsies and can recur again even after complete resolution, due to arteriovenous fistula formation in the renal calyceal system.
Working Condition Monitoring System of Substation Robot Based on Video Monitoring
Authors: Zhao Cuirong , Li Juchen
Published: July 2022

In order to realize intelligent video surveillance of substation, this paper presents a substation robot working state monitoring system based on video surveillance. In this paper, the intelligent monitoring system of substation robot working state is constructed by combining virtual reality technology. Through the cooperation of each unit in the system, the real-time monitoring of substation robot working state and the early warning of abnormal working state are realized. The system can transmit video data at a high frame rate to ensure the timeliness of video data transmission and clearly and smoothly present the virtual scene of substation robot work. It can realize the high-precision positioning measurement of the robot under different distances and speeds, obtain the working dynamic trajectory of the robot according to the measurement results, analyze its working state, and give an early warning in case of abnormal working state, so as to achieve the purpose of intelligently monitoring the working state of the substation robot. The experimental results show that each group of video data transmission frame rate of the system can reach 29 f/s and is relatively stable. The average transmission frame rate is 30.62 f/s. The video transmission frame rate is high, which can ensure the timeliness of video transmission. Conclusion. The designed substation intelligent video monitoring system has good output stability and reliability.
Avaliação da atenção em usuários de cocaína em Centro de Apoio Psicossocial
Authors: Cariste Lizandra Moro , Ferro Luiz Roberto Marquezi , Oliveira Aislan José de , Justino Marisol Rocha , Budel Eliziane do Rocio , Rezende Manuel Morgado
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: avaliar os danos atencionais em usuários de cocaína quando comparados a um grupo-controle, assim como identificar e descrever os dados sociodemográficos, o consumo abusivo e/ou a dependência de cocaína em uma amostra de universitários e de pacientes de um Centro de Apoio Psicossocial. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. No total, 25 pessoas participaram da pesquisa, sendo 15 do grupo-controle e dez do grupo experimental. Foram utilizados instrumentos para medir a atenção (Bateria Psicológica para Avaliação da Atenção) e o instrumento para mensurar quais tipos de substâncias já foram utilizadas pelos sujeitos (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test), delineando a pesquisa para que seja mais objetiva. Resultados: foram percebidos prejuízos atencionais causados pelo uso da cocaína na população de usuários em comparação com o grupo-controle. Conclusão: este estudo permite a possibilidade de refletir sobre esses danos causados pelo uso da cocaína e abrem-se novas perspectivas para a descoberta para outros prejuízos do uso da mesma droga.
Características da dependência e uso de substâncias psicoativas em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial
Authors: Cetolin Sirlei Favero , Oliveira Ana Paula de , Beltrame Vilma , Dallacosta Fabiana Meneghetti , Fiório Franciane Barbieri
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: analisar características e níveis de uso de Álcool e outras Drogas de pacientes de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial. Metodologia: utilizaram-se como instrumentos para a coleta dos dados os questionários ASSIST - Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test e AUDIT - Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Participaram do estudo 90 usuários atendidos em quatro Centros de Atenção Psicossocial tipo I. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se o método de estatística descritiva com o suporte do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 24.0 (SPSS). Resultados: observou-se a predominância do sexo masculino, correspondendo a 86,7%. Idade mínima de 18 e máxima de 79 anos, com média de idade em 40,5 anos. No tocante ao grau de escolaridade prevaleceu o ensino fundamental incompleto, sendo a taxa de desemprego de 41,1%. As drogas mais utilizadas foram álcool, tabaco, cocaína e maconha e, 55,6% dos usuários de álcool apresentaram consumo dependente ou de risco, tendo como indicação o tratamento intensivo em serviço especializado. Conclusão: o incentivo familiar e social no processo de tratamento, o acompanhamento dos profissionais, a orientação quanto aos riscos à saúde física e mental do uso abusivo e o fortalecimento da autonomia dos sujeitos frente ao processo de tratamento necessitam ser constantes.
A desconstrução e a construção do novo: as cópias na China conforme Byung-Chul Han
Authors: Moreira Neto Edgardo
Published: July 2022

O filósofo sul-coreano Byung-Chul Han tratou de analisar a cultura das cópias chinesas em seu texto de 2011, SHANZHAI: A arte da falsificação e a desconstrução na China, ainda sem tradução para o português. Para os chineses, a noção de que há uma permanência (ser) nas coisas dá lugar à noção de caminho (Tao) e de transformação (Quan). Desse modo, as cópias, ou o Shanzhai, não são malvistas, pois são compreendidas como elementos transformados, em um processo contínuo e ininterrupto de melhoria. Esse é o mote do livro ora resenhado.
#GIRLPOWERRUN: as dimensões estética, ética e lógica nas mediações comunicacionais do consumo da rua
Authors: Souza Lívia Silva de
Published: July 2022

O consumo da rua manifesta uma das formas do consumo do morar, em uma ponta oposta à casa, enquanto local de intimidade. Este artigo analisa os rituais midiatizados do consumo de uma corrida de rua, buscando as dimensões estética, ética e lógica nas mediações comunicacionais do consumo. Tal abordagem inspira-se em Perez e Trindade, que propõem uma aproximação entre as mediações de Martín-Barbero e as ciências normativas de Peirce como caminho para a construção de objetos de estudo no campo da comunicação e do consumo. Este percurso tornou possível a leitura de lógicas do consumo midiatizado manifestas nas postagens de participantes da prova na rede social Instagram, apontando mais aproximações do que discordâncias entre as estratégias e as táticas do consumo.
Shared Responsibility Decreases the Sense of Agency in the Human Brain
Authors: El Zein Marwa , Dolan Ray J. , Bahrami Bahador
Published: July 2022

Sharing responsibility in social decision-making helps individuals use the flexibility of the collective context to benefit themselves by claiming credit for good outcomes or avoiding the blame for bad outcomes. Using magnetoencephalography, we examined the neuronal basis of the impact that social context has on this flexible sense of responsibility. Participants performed a gambling task in various social contexts and reported feeling less responsibility when playing as a member of a team. A reduced magnetoencephalography outcome processing effect was observed as a function of decreasing responsibility at 200 msec post outcome onset and was centered over parietal, central, and frontal brain regions. Before outcome revelation in socially made decisions, an attenuated motor preparation signature at 500 msec after stimulus onset was found. A boost in reported responsibility for positive outcomes in social contexts was associated with increased activity in regions related to social and reward processing. Together, these results show that sharing responsibility with others reduces agency, influencing pre-outcome motor preparation and post-outcome processing, and provides opportunities to flexibly claim credit for positive outcomes.
Differential Latencies Sculpt the Time Course of Contextual Effects on Spatial Perception
Authors: Peterson Jeffrey M. , Dassonville Paul
Published: July 2022

The ability to judge an object's orientation with respect to gravitational vertical relies on an egocentric reference frame that is maintained using not only vestibular cues but also contextual cues provided in the visual scene. Although much is known about how static contextual cues are incorporated into the egocentric reference frame, it is also important to understand how changes in these cues affect perception, since we move about in a world that is itself dynamic. To explore these temporal factors, we used a variant of the rod-and-frame illusion, in which participants indicated the perceived orientation of a briefly flashed rod (5-msec duration) presented before or after the onset of a tilted frame. The frame was found to bias the perceived orientation of rods presented as much as 185 msec before frame onset. To explain this postdictive effect, we propose a differential latency model, where the latency of the orientation judgment is greater than the latency of the contextual cues' initial impact on the egocentric reference frame. In a subsequent test of this model, we decreased the luminance of the rod, which is known to increase visual afferent delays and slow decision processes. This further slowing of the orientation judgment caused the frame-induced bias to affect the perceived orientation of rods presented even further in advance of the frame. These findings indicate that the brain fails to compensate for a mismatch between the timing of orientation judgments and the incorporation of visual cues into the egocentric reference frame.
Intertemporal Consumption with Risk: A Revealed Preference Analysis
Authors: Lanier Joshua , Miao Bin , Quah John K.-H. , Zhong Songfa
Published: July 2022

We run an experiment to elicit preferences over state-contingent timed payouts. We analyze the data using a new revealed preference method (building on Nishimura et al., 2017) that can test for consistency with utility functions that increase with a given preorder. We find that correlation neutrality, a property implied by discounted expected utility, is widely violated and there is, instead, strong evidence of intertemporal correlation averse behavior. Our results suggest that utility is not additive across both states and time and that credible models of choice need to allow people to prefer negative correlation in timed payouts.
The Vagaries of the Sea: Evidence on the Real Effects of Money from Maritime Disasters in the Spanish Empire
Authors: Brzezinski Adam , Chen Yao , Palma Nuno , Ward Felix
Published: July 2022

We estimate the effect of money supply changes on the real economy by exploiting a recurring natural experiment: maritime disasters in the Spanish Empire (1531–1810) that resulted in the loss of substantial amounts of silver money. We find that negative money supply shocks caused Spanish real output to decline. A transmission channel analysis highlights slow price adjustments and credit frictions as mechanisms through which money supply changes affected the real economy. Especially large output declines occurred in textile manufacturing against the backdrop of a credit crunch that impaired merchants’ ability to supply their manufacturers with inputs.
Theorizing the Normative Significance of Critical Histories for International Law
Authors: Cueni Damian , Queloz Matthieu
Published: July 2022

Though recent years have seen a proliferation of critical histories of international law, their normative significance remains under-theorized, especially from the perspective of general readers rather than writers of such histories. How do critical histories of international law acquire their normative significance? And how should one react to them? We distinguish three ways in which critical histories can be normatively significant: (i) by undermining the overt or covert conceptions of history embedded within present practices in support of their authority; (ii) by disappointing the normative expectations that regulate people’s reactions to critical histories; and (iii) by revealing continuities and discontinuities in the functions that our practices serve. By giving us a theoretical grip on the different ways in which history can be normatively significant and call for different reactions, this account helps us think about the overall normative significance of critical histories and how one and the same critical history can pull us in different directions.
The Esoteric Meaning of the Sin of Adam in the Manuscript Tradition of the Rasāʾil Iḫwān al-Ṣafāʾ
Authors: Baffioni Carmela
Published: July 2022

This paper deals with an addition to Epistle 50 of the Iḫwān al-Ṣafāʾ (Brethren of Purity) “On the Quantity and the Quality of the Species of [Proper] Attitude” in the Turkish MS Esad Efendi 3638 (1287 AD). One of the main topics of this addition is Adam – conceived as the progenitor of humankind, the first prophet, the Active Intellect, the rational human soul, and the imām. Adam’s disobedience and fall is seen as a symbol of the “cosmic drama” from which originated the sub-lunar world, and the Final Judgement. The passages of the addition concerning Adam are compared with the representation of Adam in the Risāla al-Ǧāmiʿa, the “crown” of the Rasāʾil Iḫwān al-Ṣafāʾ. The common contents lead to the hypothesis that the addition was a sort of “abridgement” on the ideas about Adam stated in the Ǧāmiʿa and may confirm an esoteric reading of the encyclopaedia of the Iḫwan al-Ṣafāʾ.
La faute de grammaire entendue comme mal et le mal de la faute de grammaire dans le Taṯqīf al-lisān de Ibn Makkī al-Ṣiqillī
Authors: Spallino Patrizia
Published: July 2022

The Taṯqīf al-lisān wa talqīḥ al-ǧanān by the grammarian and linguist, Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar Ibn Ḫalaf Ibn Makkī al-Ḥamīrī al-Māzirī al-Ṣiqillī, is an example of the Arabic language spoken in 10th-century Sicily, when the island was an Islamic Emirate. In its 50 chapters, the treaty lists grammatical errors made by Sicilians whether common people (al-ʿāmma) or cultivated speakers (al-muḫaṣṣiṣūn). The typology of this treatise falls within those classified as laḥn al-ʿāmma, a field of linguistic science that is dedicated to correcting forms that deviate from the grammar rules of the standard language accepted by grammarians and lexicographers. This study will focus on two chapters concerning the incorrectness in the recitation of the Qur’an and in the transmission of aḥādīṯ. The study aims at analyzing the grammatical error concerning the sacred language and the Sunna that can lead to misunderstanding or misinterpretation of Islamic doctrines.
Sins and Sinners in Isma‘ili Thought: Some Examples from the Qarmatian and Tayyibi Traditions
Authors: Straface Antonella
Published: July 2022

The present paper aims to show the views on sin according to some Isma‘ili works that I have analysed in my previous researches and that belong to the Qarmatian and Fatimid-Tayyibi traditions. The study will show that according to the Isma‘ili doctrine the problem of sin, which mainly concerns disobedience to God, also included any human act of rebellion against God’s Will, such as not recognizing the centrality of the imam’s function and the institution of the imamate.