bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Intravascular Imaging During Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From a Contemporary Multicenter Registry
Authors: Karacsonyi Judit , Alaswad Khaldoon , Jaffer Farouc A. , Yeh Robert W. , Patel Mitul , Bahadorani John , Karatasakis Aris , Danek Barbara A. , Doing Anthony , Grantham J. Aaron , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Moses Jeffrey W. , Kirtane Ajay , Parikh Manish , Ali Ziad , Lombardi William L. , Kandzari David E. , Lembo Nicholas , Garcia Santiago , Wyman Michael R. , Alame Aya , Nguyen‐Trong Phuong‐Khanh J. , Resendes Erica , Kalsaria Pratik , Rangan Bavana V. , Ungi Imre , Thompson Craig A. , Banerjee Subhash , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: August 2016

Background

Intravascular imaging can facilitate chronic total occlusion (
CTO
) percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results

We examined the frequency of use and outcomes of intravascular imaging among 619
CTO
percutaneous coronary interventions performed between 2012 and 2015 at 7
US
centers. Mean age was 65.4±10 years and 85% of the patients were men. Intravascular imaging was used in 38%: intravascular ultrasound in 36%, optical coherence tomography in 3%, and both in 1.45%. Intravascular imaging was used for stent sizing (26.3%), stent optimization (38.0%), and
CTO
crossing (35.7%, antegrade in 27.9%, and retrograde in 7.8%). Intravascular imaging to facilitate crossing was used more frequently in lesions with proximal cap ambiguity (49% versus 26%,
P
<0.0001) and with retrograde as compared with antegrade‐only cases (67% versus 31%,
P
<0.0001). Despite higher complexity (Japanese
CTO
score: 2.86±1.19 versus 2.43±1.19,
P
=0.001), cases in which imaging was used for crossing had similar technical and procedural success (92.8% versus 89.6%,
P
=0.302 and 90.1% versus 88.3%,
P
=0.588, respectively) and similar incidence of major cardiac adverse events (2.7% versus 3.2%,
P
=0.772). Use of intravascular imaging was associated with longer procedure (192 minutes [interquartile range 130, 255] versus 131 minutes [90, 192],
P
<0.0001) and fluoroscopy (71 minutes [44, 93] versus 39 minutes [25, 69],
P
<0.0001) time.

Conclusions

Intravascular imaging is frequently performed during
CTO
percutaneous coronary intervention both for crossing and for stent selection/optimization. Despite its use in more complex lesion subsets, intravascular imaging was associated with similar rates of technical and procedural success for
CTO
percutaneous coronary intervention.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02061436.
Masquerade for the Wounded
Authors: Kwahulé Koffi , Miller Judith G.
Published: August 2016

Koffi Kwahulé’s Masquerade for the Wounded performs the trauma and marginalization of women who have been raped during a period of civil war. A short commentary accompanies the play, which has been translated from the French.
Circling Up with The Assembly: A Theatre Collective Comes of Age
Authors: Rosenthal Cindy
Published: August 2016

The Assembly is alive and well and living in New York (since 2008), creating group-devised theatre that interrogates The Weather Underground’s activism (HOME/SICK); economic and racial inequalities in the 21st century (That Poor Dream); and aging, art, and self-expression in America (I Will Look Forward To This Later). This young company of directors, designers, dramaturgs, writers, and performers celebrates the legacies of their avantgarde forebears by collectively making visually, aurally, and physically inventive political art that strives to build community.
Team Vicious: Four Sections and a Coda, or #BlackLivesMatter
Authors: Morris Michael J.
Published: August 2016

Issues of race, dance, and the performativity of fashion intersect in Rick Owens’s Spring/Summer 2014 ready-to-wear fashion runway presentation “Vicious,” a collaboration with choreographer LeeAnét Noble and 40 American step dancers. Asking how this event intervenes in the racial and body politics of the fashion industry interrogates how black lives are allowed to matter, in fashion and in performance scholarship.
Lightning or Lightning Bug: The Role of the Language Gap and the Access to Proper Information on Entitlements in Cross-border Patient Mobility
Authors: Berki Gabriella
Published: August 2016

The language barrier and the lack of reliable information were identified as major practical obstacles of European patient mobility. Patients are highly concerned about the ability to communicate with their doctors when obtaining healthcare in a country where they do not speak the local language, as well as they find it complicated to gather all the necessary information about an unfamiliar healthcare system or about their cross-border healthcare entitlements conferred on them by the Union legislation. In a multilingual and patient-friendly European Union these issues must be tackled in order to ensure effective healthcare and to enforce patients’ right to cross-border healthcare. This article investigates the current legal tools within the European Union on language gap in patient-provider communication and access to information on cross-border healthcare entitlements. Moreover, it offers some possible solutions for the future.
Revelation and Validation
Authors: Ten Doeschate-Chu Petra
Published: August 2016

This article is about Matisse’s interest in Japanese and Chinese art, two artistic traditions that had a significant impact on his artistic thinking at the beginning and the end of his career, respectively. It analyzes the importance of Far-Eastern art and theory for Matisse’s modernism against the backdrop of the transformation (and ultimate decline) of Japonisme in the early twentieth century and the attendant revival of interest in Chinese art.
An Aesthetic Experience: Japonisme in the North” Framing Japanomania
Authors: Johnson Annika K.
Published: August 2016

Review of the exhibition Japanomania in the Nordic Countries, 1875-1918 which opened at the Helsinki Ateneum Museum February 18, 2016. The exhibition examined over 400 works in all media that revealed how the mania for all things Japanese shaped Nordic aesthetics at the turn of the century. The exhibition goes on to Oslo and Copenhagen through 2017, and it has a catalogue published in five separate language editions with the English version being distributed by Yale University Press.
Lectotypification, emended description and distribution of Planothidium distinctum (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyceae)
Authors: BUCZKÓ KRISZTINA , WOJTAL AGATA Z. , MAGYARI ENIKŐ K.
Published: August 2016

The rare boreo-alpine, oligotraphenic diatom Planothidium distinctum (= Achnanthes distincta) was first described from the western Alps in 1954. Achnanthes hirta, a species described in 1970 from the Pyrenees, is regarded as a heterotypic synonym of Planothidium distinctum but almost all morphological details of P. distinctum are known from the type material of Achnanthes hirta. On the basis of reinvestigation of original samples typification and emended description of P. distinctum were carried out by means of LM and SEM. This study extends the distribution of P. distinctum to the Carpathians where occasional valves were found in the lateglacial (ca 15,000–14,000 cal yr BP) lacustrine sediment of a mountain lake (Retezat Mts, Southern Carpathians, Romania).
Polygala retiefiana (Polygalaceae), a new species described from South Africa
Authors: Paiva Jorge , Figueiredo Estrela , Smith Gideon F.
Published: August 2016

A new species of Polygala (Polygalaceae), P. retiefiana, is described from the KwaZulu-Natal and Free State provinces of South Africa. It is endemic to the country.
Largely invariant trnL-F/nrITS sequences and ISSRs do not resolve morphospecies of Warburgia (Canellaceae)
Authors: LAMB JENNIFER M. , NAIDOO PRISHA
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to provide a molecular perspective on the taxonomy of Warburgia across most of its range, including South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda.  An accurate taxonomic treatment of Warburgia is important for the construction of sound conservation strategy, as a number of the proposed species and subspecies are regarded as endangered or critically endangered. Analyses based on 702 nucleotides of the plastid trnL-F region, 532 nucleotides of the nuclear ribosomal (nr) ITS region and eight polymorphic ISSR primer pairs yielded congruent results. Molecular clock analyses yielded a crown age of 45.5 (31.2–64.9) MY for Canellaceae.  The crown age of Warburgia was dated to the early Miocene, 19.6 (11.4–29.1) MYA, with diversification into moderately supported lineages in the later Miocene, 11.6 (6.0–19.0) and 7.2 (3.2–12.7) MYA.  Warburgia samples formed three major clades: a widespread clade covering most of the range, a northeast clade from parts of Kenya and Tanzania, and a stuhlmannii clade formed by GenBank samples accessioned as W. stuhlmannii. There was some ambiguity in the association between these clades and morphologically defined Warburgia species. We found no evidence to support W. elongata as a genetically distinct species. Genetic diversity in Warburgia was low in both DNA markers.  We propose inclusion of these haplotypes in conservation strategies. Further molecular analyses based on a greater number of more variable DNA regions and an expanded sample set with more extensive geographical coverage are required to clarify whether the above groupings warrant status as genetic or phylogenetic species and to refine conservation strategies so as to include greater genetic variability.
Drivers’ Awareness of and Response to Two Significant Winter Storms Impacting a Metropolitan Area in the Intermountain West: Implications for Improving Traffic Flow in Inclement Weather
Authors: Barjenbruch Kevin , Werner Carol M. , Graham Randall , Oppermann Cody , Blackwelder Glenn , Williams Jeff , Merrill Glen , Jensen Scott , Connolly Justin
Published: August 2016

Over the past several decades, Utah has experienced rapid population growth, resulting in increased demand on Utah’s existing interstate and arterial infrastructure. In the Salt Lake City, Utah, metropolitan area, recurring traffic congestion (i.e., peak commute times) and nonrecurring congestion (weather related) result in an estimated average annual cost of $449 million. Recent Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) studies have confirmed that inclement weather plays a significant role in nonrecurring congestion and associated negative impacts. In an effort to measure and potentially mitigate weather-related traffic congestion, a cooperative research study between academic (University of Utah), state [Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT)], federal (National Weather Service), and private sector (Weathernet) entities was undertaken.

Driver awareness surveys were conducted for two significant winter storms along the Wasatch Front urban corridor. Participants typically used media and personal sources for gathering weather and road information, with government sources (UDOT and NWS) used less frequently. Use of government and personal sources were significant predictors of behavior change. Satisfaction with all information sources was high. The most frequent commuting changes reported were route changes and shifts in travel schedule, especially leaving early to avoid the storm. Self-reported actions from interviewees were supported by measured changes in speed, flow, and travel time from the Performance Measurement System (PeMS) utilized by UDOT. The long-term goal is to use these results to provide insight into how the weather enterprise might more effectively communicate hazard information to the public in a manner that leads to improved response (change travel times, modes, etc.).
A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Faucett Erynne A. , Larsen Brandon T. , Khan Rihan , Chiu Alexander G. , Chang Eugene H.
Published: August 2016

Sinonasal schwannomas with intracranial extension are exceedingly rare, with only 7 cases reported in the literature. Schwannomas can be isolated or multiple and are commonly associated with familial disorders such as neurofibromatosis 2 (NF 2) or familial schwannomatosis or in sporadic cases seen in sporadic schwannomatosis. Nearly all people with NF2 older than 30 years of age will have the hallmark of bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VS). This case highlights a reported case of an adult with separate primary intracranial tumors. We review the diagnostic criteria of NF2 and schwannomatosis, a recently described third variant of neurofibromatosis. In this case, we incorporate family history, histopathology, and the pathophysiology of both disorders to help determine a diagnosis for this patient.
Texts for Talking
Authors: Olson Kaitlyn B. , Wilkinson Carol L. , Wilkinson M. Jackson , Harris Jamal , Whittle Amy
Published: August 2016

Speech and language delays are common developmental disorders that can lead to long-term academic and psychosocial impairments. Affected families often benefit from instruction in cultivating a language-rich home environment. This study investigated the feasibility of utilizing text messaging to deliver developmental education to families. Parents of children aged 11 to 36 months with concerning language development were enrolled in a 3-month text messaging program. Pre–program and post–program telephone surveys were completed. All enrolled parents were of low socioeconomic status, and 48% were monolingual Spanish speakers. A total of 27 parents (87%) completed the program and follow-up survey. After program completion, parents reported increased awareness of language-promoting activities and local child development resources ( P = .002; P = .005). Parents also reported increased engagement in language-promoting activities ( P = .004). The marginal program cost was 37 cents per participant. Findings from this pilot study indicate that text messaging is a feasible, engaging, and inexpensive platform for delivering developmental education to families.
Toxic Ties
Authors: Felmlee Diane , Faris Robert
Published: August 2016

We examine instances of youth cyber aggression, arguing that the close relationships of friendship and romance substantially influence the chances of being targeted. We investigate networks of friendship, dating, and aggression among a sample of 788 eighth- to twelfth-grade students in a longitudinal study of a New York school. Approximately 17 percent reported some involvement in cyber aggression within the past week. LGBTQ youth were targeted at a rate over four times that of their heterosexual peers, and females were more frequent victims than males. Rates of cyber aggression were 4.3 times higher between friends than between friends of friends. According to both an exponential random graph model and a lagged, network MRQAP regression, electronic attacks emerged far more frequently between current or former friends and dating partners, presumably due to competition, revenge, or attempts to fend off romantic rivals.
The History and Evolution of Surgery on the Vestibular Labyrinth
Authors: Naples James G. , Eisen Marc D.
Published: August 2016

The history of surgery on the vestibular labyrinth is rich but sparsely documented in the literature. The story begins over a century ago with the labyrinthectomy in an era that consisted exclusively of ablative surgery for infection or vertigo. Improved understanding of vestibular physiology and pathology produced an era of selective ablation and hearing preservation that includes semicircular canal occlusion for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. An era of restoration began with a discovery of superior semicircular canal dehiscence and its repair. The final era of vestibular replacement is upon us as the possibility of successful prosthetic vestibular implantation becomes reality.
Dual pH with Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance Testing in the Evaluation of Subjective Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Symptoms
Authors: Cumpston Evan C. , Blumin Joel H. , Bock Jonathan M.
Published: August 2016

Objectives

Minimal data exist to define the use of contemporary dual pH with multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) probes integrating both pharyngeal acid and impedance sensors to evaluate laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms in a laryngology clinic population. This study was performed to review a series of patients tested with dual pH‐MII for suspected LPR symptoms and to analyze pH‐MII data findings for this patient cohort.

Study Design

Case series with planned data collection.

Setting

Tertiary laryngology clinic.

Subjects and Methods

Patients with symptoms suggestive of possible LPR (dysphonia, chronic cough, globus sensation, subglottic stenosis,) were evaluated with a dual pH‐MII system, as well as previously validated reflux finding score (RFS) and reflux symptom index (RSI) instruments.

Results

A total of 109 patients were evaluated with dual pH‐MII studies between 2010 and 2015, with 51 (47%) studies interpreted as “positive” for evidence of significant LPR, 43 (39%) as “negative,” and 15 (14%) as “equivocal.” Dual pH‐MII data analysis showed that positive studies had an average of 2.84 pharyngeal acid exposures below pH 4 (vs 0.28 for negative) and 46 episodes of proximal reflux exposure (either acid or nonacid) by impedance detection (vs 30.6 for negative). RSI scores were significantly different between positive and negative studies, while RFS scores were not.

Conclusions

Dual pH‐MII analysis is a useful supplementary tool to provide objective evidence of pharyngeal reflux exposure in patients with suspected LPR. RSI scores appear to correlate with objective evidence of acid exposure in the pharynx, while RFS scores do not.
Re-embedding agency at the workplace scale: Workers and labour control in Glasgow call centres
Authors: Hastings Thomas , MacKinnon Danny
Published: August 2016

Following recent calls for the development of a more embedded sense of labour agency, this paper focuses on the scale of the workplace which is largely absent from recent labour geography debates. Drawing on studies in the labour process tradition, the paper presents empirical research on call centre work in Glasgow, utilising this to revisit the concept of local Labour Control Regimes. We argue that rather than being simply imposed by capital and the state ‘from above’, workplace control should be seen as the product of a dialectical process of interaction and negotiation between management and labour. Labour's indeterminacy can influence capital in case specific ways as firms adapt to labour agency and selectively tolerate and collude with certain practices and behaviours. Workers’ learned behaviours and identities are shown to affect not only recruitment patterns in unexpected ways, but also modes of accepted conduct in call centres. Accordingly, the case is made for the influence of subtle – yet pervasive – worker agency expressed at the micro-scale of the labour process itself. This, it is argued, exerts a degree of ‘bottom-up’ pressure on key fractions of capital within the local Labour Control Regime.
The Impact of Weight Labels on Body Image, Internalized Weight Stigma, Affect, Perceived Health, and Intended Weight Loss Behaviors in Normal-Weight and Overweight College Women
Authors: Essayli Jamal H. , Murakami Jessica M. , Wilson Rebecca E. , Latner Janet D.
Published: August 2016

Purpose:

To explore the psychological impact of weight labels.

Design:

A double-blind experiment that randomly informed participants that they were “normal weight” or “overweight.”

Setting:

Public university in Honolulu, Hawai‘i.

Participants:

Normal-weight and overweight female undergraduates (N = 113).

Measures:

The Body Image States Scale, Stunkard Rating Scale, Weight Bias Internalization Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, General Health question from the 12-item Short Form Health Survey, modified version of the Weight Loss Methods Scale, and a manipulation check.

Analysis:

A 2 × 2 between-subjects analysis of variance explored the main effects of the assigned weight label and actual weight and interactions between assigned weight label and actual weight.

Results:

Significant main effects of the assigned weight label emerged on measures of body dissatisfaction, F(1, 109) = 12.40, p = .001, [Formula: see text] = 0.10, internalized weight stigma, F(1, 108) = 4.35, p = .039, [Formula: see text] = .04, and negative affect, F(1, 108) = 9.22, p = .003, [Formula: see text] = .08. Significant assigned weight label × actual weight interactions were found on measures of perceived body image, F(1, 109) = 6.29, p = .014, [Formula: see text] = .06, and perceived health, F(1, 109) = 4.18, p = .043, [Formula: see text] = .04.

Conclusion:

A weight label of “overweight” may have negative psychological consequences, particularly for overweight women.
Work–Family Culture in Low-Income Environments
Authors: French Kimberly A. , Agars Mark D.
Published: August 2016

The current study examined whether a work–family culture measure can be used across diverse income groups. We compared measure structure and criterion-related validity for low-income ( n = 327) and high-income ( n = 400) samples. Differences in measurement structure between the two groups were examined using measurement invariance, and differences in prediction were examined using multiple regression. Results indicate work-family culture facets are not equivalent across groups, and some relationships are weaker for low-income workers compared to high-income workers. Findings suggest that research using work–family culture measures developed on high-income populations may not generalize to low-income populations. New or revised measures are needed. This study contributes to our understanding of work–family measurement, work–family culture in low-income contexts, and the generalizability of measures and results using high-income samples to lower income counterparts. The results have clear implications for questioning equivalence of commonly used measures across income levels.
Secondary Victimization: Domestic Violence Survivors Navigating the Family Law System
Authors: Laing Lesley
Published: August 2016

This qualitative study explored the experiences of 22 domestic violence survivors attempting to negotiate safe post-separation parenting arrangements through the Australian family law system. Their allegations of violence put them at odds with a system that values mediated settlements and shared parenting. Skeptical responses, accusations of parental alienation, and pressure to agree to unsafe arrangements exacerbated the effects of post-separation violence. Core themes in the women’s narratives of engagement with the family law system—silencing, control, and undermining the mother–child relationship—mirrored domestic violence dynamics, suggesting the concept of secondary victimization as a useful lens for understanding their experiences.
When Women Do Not Want It: Young Female Bargoers’ Experiences With and Responses to Sexual Harassment in Social Drinking Contexts
Authors: Graham Kathryn , Bernards Sharon , Abbey Antonia , Dumas Tara M. , Wells Samantha
Published: August 2016

Women frequently experience unwanted sexual touching and persistent advances at bars and parties. This study explored women’s responses to these unwanted experiences through online surveys completed by 153 female bargoers (aged 19-29) randomly recruited from a bar district. More than 75% had experienced sexual touching or persistence (46% both). Most women used multiple deterrent strategies, including evasion, facial expressions, direct refusals, aggression, friends’ help, and leaving the premises. Women experienced negative feelings (disrespected, violated, disgusted, angry, embarrassed), especially from incidents involving touching. Cultural change is needed to reduce substantial negative impacts of sexual harassment on women in drinking and other settings.
Neoliberal education? Confronting the slouching beast
Authors: Ball Stephen J
Published: August 2016

A major aim of this paper is to draw attention to the insidious manner in which the deficit discourse and practices associated with neoliberal reform are de- or re-professionalising educationists through an acculturation process. In the context of Ireland, as elsewhere, the author identifies how the three ‘technologies’ of Market, Management and Performance have inconspicuously but harmfully changed the subjective experience of education at all levels. It is argued that the power of privatisation in service delivery gives rise to change in education as part of a slow burn; how management is altering social connections and power relations to less democratic and caring forms, and how performativity and accountability agendas are radically undermining the professionalism of teachers in the hunt for measures, targets, benchmarks, tests, tables, audits to feed the system in the name of improvement. The paper adopts a personal tenor exhorting all educationists to become increasingly critically reflexive, politically aware and urging them to reawaken to their real educational work – the ethical and moral project that most signed up to but which has since become lost.
Effect of hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel usage on performance, emissions and diesel combustion in diesel engines
Authors: Karagöz Yasin , Sandalcı Tarkan , Yüksek Levent , Dalkılıç Ahmet Selim , Wongwises Somchai
Published: August 2016

Diesel engines are inevitable parts of our daily life and will be in the future. Expensive after-treatment technologies to fulfil normative legislations about the harmful tail-pipe emissions and fuel price increase in recent years created expectations from researchers for alternative fuel applications on diesel engines. This study investigates hydrogen as additive fuel in diesel engines. Hydrogen was introduced into intake manifold using gas injectors as additive fuel in gaseous form and also diesel fuel was injected into cylinder by diesel injector and used as igniter. Energy content of introduced hydrogen was set to 0%, 25% and 50% of total fuel energy, where the 0% references neat diesel operation without hydrogen injection. Test conditions were set to full load at 750, 900, 1100, 1400, 1750 and finally 2100 r/min engine speed. Variation in engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics with hydrogen addition was investigated. Hydrogen introduction into the engine by 25% and 50% of total charge energy reveals significant decrease in smoke emissions while dramatic increase in nitrogen oxides. With increasing hydrogen content, a slight rise is observed in total unburned hydrocarbons although CO2 and CO gaseous emissions reduced considerably. Maximum in-cylinder gas pressure and rate of heat release peak values raised with hydrogen fraction.
Offender management in and after prison: The end of ‘end to end’?
Authors: Maguire Mike , Raynor Peter
Published: August 2016

In 2013 a joint report by the Inspectorates of Probation and Prisons in England and Wales concluded that offender management in prisons was ‘not working’ and called for a fundamental review. This article considers why existing arrangements have failed and draws upon theory and research on resettlement, case management and desistance from crime, to define what a more effective system of ‘rehabilitative resettlement’ – both inside prison and ‘through the gate’ – might look like. It also comments on emerging proposals for radical change, including abandonment of the ‘end to end’ model of offender management by an outside probation officer and the development of ‘rehabilitative prisons’, in which more responsibility is placed on prisoners for managing their own rehabilitation, and a formal motivational role is created for large numbers of prison staff.
IL-21 inhibits IL-17A-producing γδ T-cell response after infection with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin via induction of apoptosis
Authors: Huang Yinxia , Matsumura Yumiko , Hatano Shinya , Noguchi Naoto , Murakami Tesshin , Iwakura Yoichiro , Sun Xun , Ohara Naoya , Yoshikai Yasunobu
Published: August 2016

Innate γδ T cells expressing Vγ6 produce IL-17A at an early stage following infection with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). In this study, we used IL-21 receptor knockout (IL-21R KO) mice and IL-21-producing recombinant BCG mice (rBCG-Ag85B-IL-21) to examine the role of IL-21 in the regulation of IL-17A-producing innate γδ T-cell response following BCG infection. IL-17A-producing Vγ6+ γδ T cells increased in the peritoneal cavity of IL-21R KO mice more than in wild type mice after BCG infection. In contrast, the number of IL-17A-producing Vγ6+ γδ T cells was significantly lower after inoculation with rBCG-Ag85B-IL-21 compared with control rBCG-Ag85B. Notably, exogenous IL-21 selectively induced apoptosis of IL-17A-producing Vγ6+ γδ T cells via Bim. Thus, these results suggest that IL-21 acts as a potent inhibitor of a IL-17A-producing γδ T-cell subset during BCG infection.
Review of Critical Illness Myopathy and Neuropathy
Authors: Shepherd Starane , Batra Ayush , Lerner David P.
Published: August 2016

Critical illness myopathy (CIM) and neuropathy are underdiagnosed conditions within the intensive care setting and contribute to prolonged mechanical ventilation and ventilator wean failure and ultimately lead to significant morbidity and mortality. These conditions are often further subdivided into CIM, critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP), or the combination—critical illness polyneuromyopathy (CIPNM). In this review, we discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of CIM, CIP, and CIPNM, along with diagnostic considerations such as detailed clinical examination, electrophysiological studies, and histopathological review of muscle biopsy specimens. We also review current available treatments and prognosis. Increased awareness and early recognition of CIM, CIP, and CIPNM in the intensive care unit setting may lead to earlier treatments and rehabilitation, improving patient outcomes.
Delayed Annular Pulley Rupture Following Distal Radius Repair
Authors: Janetzki Haidee
Published: August 2016

Annular pulley injuries are commonly found in the 3rd and 4th fingers under extreme strain in rock climbers. Here is presented a case of pulley rupture in the 5th finger following surgery to the wrist with no specific injury to the finger itself. The mechanism of injury here is likely to be a combination of repetitive strain during rehabilitation, partial injury during initial fall, and possibly irritation to the tendon caused by surgical hardware. Diagnosis was inconclusive or not possible by other modalities (clinical and imaging) and ultrasound has proved useful here given the correct technique and a good knowledge of anatomy and pathology.
N-linked glycans within the A2 domain of von Willebrand factor modulate macrophage-mediated clearance
Authors: Chion Alain , O’Sullivan Jamie M. , Drakeford Clive , Bergsson Gudmundur , Dalton Niall , Aguila Sonia , Ward Soracha , Fallon Padraic G. , Brophy Teresa M. , Preston Roger J. S. , Brady Lauren , Sheils Orla , Laffan Michael , McKinnon Thomas A. J. , O’Donnell James S.
Published: August 2016

Key Points

The A1 domain of VWF contains a cryptic binding site that plays a key role in regulating macrophage binding and clearance. The N-linked glycans presented at N1515 and N1574 within the A2 domain of VWF modulate macrophage-mediated clearance.
BRAF V600E mutation in hairy cell leukemia: from bench to bedside
Authors: Falini Brunangelo , Martelli Maria Paola , Tiacci Enrico
Published: August 2016

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a distinct clinicopathological entity whose underlying genetic lesion has remained a mystery for over half a century. The BRAF V600E mutation is now recognized as the causal genetic event of HCL because it is somatic, present in the entire tumor clone, detectable in almost all cases at diagnosis (encompassing the whole disease spectrum), and stable at relapse. BRAF V600E leads to the constitutive activation of the RAF-MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway which represents the key event in the molecular pathogenesis of HCL. KLF2 and CDNK1B (p27) mutations may cooperate with BRAF V600E in promoting leukemic transformation. Sensitive molecular assays for detecting BRAF V600E allow HCL (highly responsive to purine analogs) to be better distinguished from HCL-like disorders, which are treated differently. In vitro preclinical studies on purified HCL cells proved that BRAF and MEK inhibitors can induce marked dephosphorylation of MEK/ERK, silencing of RAF-MEK-ERK pathway transcriptional output, loss of the HCL-specific gene expression profile signature, change of morphology from “hairy” to “smooth,” and eventually apoptosis. The overall response rate of refractory/relapsed HCL patients to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib approached 100%, with 35% to 40% complete remissions (CRs). The median relapse free-survival was about 19 months in patients who had achieved CR and 6 months in those who had obtained a partial response. Future therapeutic perspectives include: (1) combining BRAF inhibitors with MEK inhibitors or immunotherapy (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) to increase the percentage of CRs and (2) better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance of HCL cells to BRAF inhibitors.
Cures
Authors: Venkat Bharat Jayram
Published: August 2016

What is a cure and how do we know it? This essay examines the history of tuberculosis research to trace how ideas of cure shifted from Robert Koch’s development of tuberculin in late nineteenth-century Berlin to the earliest randomized studies of the efficacy of antibiotics in midcentury Britain and India. What sorts of evidence were required to know that a cure was in fact a cure? How did scientists ascertain when and if a cure had failed? And what were the ethical entailments of such modes of knowing? Through this history, I suggest that cure, rather than signaling a definitive end to illness, might instead be figured as an ending lacking finality. Like promises, cures for tuberculosis can be broken. Thinking at the limits of cure makes possible a reflection on the persistence of “curable diseases” into the present, as well as on the ways in which therapeutic knowledge comes to be consolidated and dismantled.
An Improved Synthesis of Natural Product Inspired Chromenopyrrolizines and Chromenoindolizines Scaffolds: Rapid Access to the Diverse Pyrrolizine Analogs of Aza-Medicarpin and Tetracyclic Isolamellarin Core through a General Base and Metal Free Strategy
Authors: Khan Tabrez , Kumar Virendra , Das Oindreela
Published: August 2016

An improved synthesis for easy access to the natural product inspired chromenopyrrolizine and chromenoindolizine scaffolds is delineated. The strategy involves controlled thermal activation of diverse salicylaldehyde tethered dipolarophiles having the strategically stationed activating substituents with proline/pipecolic acid for the facile [3+2] cycloaddition of the in situ generated azomethine ylides and concomitant oxidation of the resulting cycloadducts to arrive at diverse chromenopyrrolizine or pyrrolizine analogs of aza-medicarpin and chromenoindolizines embodying the tetracyclic core isomeric to lamellarin alkaloids, in good yields under base and metal free condition.
A real-world intention-to-treat analysis of a decade’s experience of treatment of hepatitis C with interferon-based therapies
Authors: Selvapatt Nowlan , Brown Ashley
Published: August 2016

Objectives: To assess the uptake of pegylated interferon (PegIFN) plus ribavirin (RBV)-based regimens in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a large, single-centre, real-world setting over 10 years.

Methods: This was a single centre, retrospective analysis of data from patients who attended their first appointment for treatment of HCV genotype 1–3 between 2003 and 2013. Patients were stratified by HCV genotype. The total number of patients who attended their first appointment, incidence of patients who did not proceed to treatment and associated reasons, and incidence of patients treated were analysed. Sustained virological response (SVR) rates were also reported for all patient populations.

Results: Overall, 1,132 patients attended their first appointment; 47.8% were included in the genotype 1 group (genotype 1a: 22.2%, genotype 1b: 13.3%, genotype 1 other: 12.3%), 7.7% in the genotype 2 group and 44.5% in the genotype 3 group. A greater proportion of patients received treatment versus those who did not receive treatment (84.4% vs 15.6%, respectively). Reasons for declining treatment included: patient declined treatment with PegIFN plus RBV: 35.0%, medical contraindications: 20.3% and mental health-related contraindications: 13.6%. An SVR was achieved in 52.6% of patients who attended their first appointment and 62.3% of patients who received treatment.

Conclusions: Approximately half of the patients included in this study achieved an SVR. A noteworthy proportion of patients did not receive treatment due to a reluctance to receive PegIFN plus RBV or contraindications to therapy. Results suggest an ongoing need for improvement in the treatment uptake and overall outcomes – particularly for genotype 2 and 3 patients for whom availability of interferon-free regimens is limited. The introduction of more tolerable direct-acting antiviral regimes may help overcome barriers to uptake demonstrated within this cohort.
Newly qualified health visitor: Going through changes
Authors: Forbes Lisa
Published: August 2016

Lisa Forbes reflects on how change is a frequent part of working in the NHS and the ways in which solution-focused practice can truly be achieved.
Thrive in times of uncertainty
Authors: Oshikanlu Ruth
Published: August 2016

The only thing that appears to be certain is continuous change. How can health visitors not only keep in step with change, but also thrive in times of uncertainty?
Philosophers to the Rescue? The Failed Attempt to Defend the Inclusion of Intelligent Design in Public Schools
Authors: Sloan-Lynch Jay
Published: August 2016

Philosophers have argued convincingly that Intelligent Design cannot simply be defined out of classrooms as nonscience. But the move from the conclusion that intelligent design is not nonscience to the conclusion that it is legitimate to teach it in public schools is deeply mistaken.
Life, death and transformation: Keep moving
Authors: Kurter Fulya , Bicer Elcin , Aysoy Elyan , Serlin Ilene
Published: August 2016

This article demonstrates the use of a new method of group work in dance movement therapy. The approach is existential/depth, and the major themes of confrontation with mortality, freedom and fate, death and rebirth are explored in movement. The benefits of this approach are seen in how these themes illuminate group process, through a small group improvisation and performance, and the way in which it helped participants understand and cope with a subsequent earthquake in Turkey. This article is co-written by a small group and their teacher, and aimed at helping therapists and creative art therapists understand the use of an existential/depth approach to group psychotherapy.
Penile length of newborns and children in Surakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Moelyo Annang Giri , Widyastuti Melita
Published: August 2016

Background Penile length is a factor for assessing abnormalities inexternal genitalia. To diagnose micropenis, a condition in whichpenile length is < - 2.5 standard deviations (SD), a reference isrequired for diagnosis. Age and race/ethnic groups are factorsthat contribute to normal penile length. To date, Indon esia doesnot have such a reference for normal penile length in newbornsand children.Objective To assess normal penile length in newborns and childrenin Surakarta, Central Java, in which the majority population isofJavanese ethnicity.Methods We studied male newborns and children who werepatients in Moewardi Hospital from January 2011 to January2012. We included males aged 0-18 years whose parents providedinformed consent. We excluded children with undescendedtestis, hypospadia, ambiguous genitalia, con genital anomalies,or syndromes (such as Down syndrome). For penile len gthmeasurements, we stretched the flaccid penis, depressed thepubic fat and placed a wooden spatula vertically along the dorsalpenis. The penile length was measured from the penile baseto the tip of the glans excluding the prepuce. Measurementswere performed three times and a mean value was calculatedfor each subject.Results Of the 300 subjects, 100 were newborns and 200 werechildren aged 1 month - 18 years. Two hundred ninety-six subjects(98.7%) were Javanese. The mean penile lengths of preterm(gestational age 30-36 weeks) and term (gestational age > 36weeks) newborns were 1.88 (SD 0.14) cm and 2.3 7 (SD 0.26) cm,respectively. The mean penile lengths by age groupings were asfollows: 0-<6 months, 2.67 (SD 0.58) cm; 6- < 12 months, 2.67(SD 0.58) cm; 1- <3 years, 2.80 (SD 0.84) cm; 3-<5 years, 3 .50(SD 0.55) cm; 5- <7 years, 3 .50 (SD 0.71) cm; 7-<9 years, 3 .85(SD 0.53 ) cm; 9-<ll years, 4.50 (SD 0.71) cm; 11-< 13 years,4.63 (SD 1.13) cm; 13-< 15 years, 5.53 (SD 1.45) cm; and 15-18years, 6.16 (SD 1.19) cm.Conclusion Normal penile length in boys in Surakarta is smallerthan the normal range reference currently in use.
The enchanting soul of the streets: River of January e a tradução de crônicas de João do Rio para a língua inglesa
Authors: Ruffini Mirian
Published: August 2016

O livro de João do Rio A alma encantadora das ruas (1908) apresenta crônicas jornalísticas que retratam os setores marginalizados em sua época. Sua tradução por Mark Carlyon à língua inglesa é intitulada The enchanting soul of the streets. Integrante da série River of January, a obra foi publicada pela editora Cidade Viva em 2010 e se destina à divulgação de escritores cariocas e da própria cidade do Rio de janeiro em virtude dos eventos esportivos de 2014 e 2016, a Copa do Mundo e os Jogos Olímpicos. Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar a tradução desta obra para a língua inglesa, com a finalidade de explorar aspectos referentes à publicação do livro, como sua edição, sua organização e idealização bem como o papel do mecenato ou patronagem, nos termos de Lefevere (1992). Esta pesquisa ainda explora esta obra de João do Rio e sua especial ênfase no retrato social presente em suas crônicas, a fim de apreciar a relevância da obra The enchanting soul of the streets para a coleção River of January e a definição do possível público leitor da obra traduzida.Palavras-chave: João do Rio; crônicas; tradução; patronagem.
O conceito de (re)tradução sob uma abordagem processual: um estudo empírico-experimental baseado em rastreamento ocular
Authors: Malta Gleiton
Published: August 2016

Desde o surgimento da hipótese da retradução no início da década de 1990, vários teóricos vêm se debruçando sobre o tema. A maioria dos estudos tem como objetivo principal, averiguar se os textos traduzidos mais recentemente possuem características que os tornem menos assimiladores que os textos traduzidos há mais tempo, em relação com mesmo texto original. Contudo, tanto as pesquisas como o próprio conceito de retradução são baseados no produto tradutório. Este artigo apresenta o conceito de (re)tradução sob uma abordagem processual. Para tanto, lançou mão de um estudo empírico-experimental no qual catorze participantes, todos com alguma experiência em tradução, tiveram seu processo capturado em tempo real por equipamento de rastreamento ocular. Como resultado, propõem-se, além das definições de (re)tradução, como tarefa e como processo, um modelo do processo de (re)tradução baseado nos dados de rastreamento ocular. (Re)visitar a retradução com os olhos do processo, possibilitou a extração e análise de dados ainda não explorados pela literatura e que, futuramente, poderão ser utilizados em novas pesquisas processuais tanto na rama pura como na aplicada do campo disciplinar dos Estudos da Tradução, mais especificamente, pela didática da tradução.
A tradução de música e ruídos na Legendagem para Surdos e Ensurdecidos (LSE) do filme ‘O Palhaço’
Authors: Assis Ítalo Alves Pinto de , Araújo Vera Lúcia Santiago
Published: August 2016

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a tradução de informações adicionais (música e ruídos) na Legendagem para Surdos e Ensurdecidos (LSE) do filme ‘O Palhaço’ (MELLO, 2011). Para tal, fez-se uso de uma metodologia de análise baseada em corpus. A primeira etapa de análise consistiu na etiquetagem do corpus a partir da replicação do quadro de etiquetas elaborado por Nascimento (2013). Após a etiquetagem, o corpus foi analisado com o auxílio do programa de análise linguística Wordsmith Tools 5.0 (SCOTT, 2008). Os resultados mostraram que os ruídos foram geralmente traduzidos adequadamente, enquanto que a tradução de música poderia deixar dúvidas para surdos, comprometendo, assim, sua eficácia. Os ruídos traduzidos de forma bem sucedida estavam, em sua maioria, diretamente ligados ao enredo do filme, como em [Estouro] para sinalizar o motivo da parada de uma caminhonete. Na tradução de música, contudo, houve casos em que não havia uma relação direta entre a legenda e o enredo do filme, como nas legendas não qualificadas por adjetivo - a legenda [Música para], por exemplo, e nas legendas qualificadas de forma equivocada, como no uso de [Música suave] para a tradução de músicas que nem sempre se encaixavam nessa descrição.
Estudos da tradução: desafios para a formação de pesquisadores e tradutores
Authors: Magalhães Célia Maria
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste ensaio é mostrar a diversidade dos Estudos da Tradução, para além das abordagens linguística e literária e sua relação com a formação de pesquisadores da tradução. Abordam-se as mais recentes tendências no campo disciplinar e a consequente dificuldade de definição de seu objeto de estudo, bem como as tentativas mais recentes tanto de defini-lo quanto de realizar um mapeamento conceitual ou o desenho de uma paisagem potencialmente abertos. Propõe-se estender o mapa das interfaces do campo disciplinar de Hatim e Munday (2004), incluindo nele as interfaces com as ciências humanas e biológicas. Retornando às interfaces iniciais com a Linguística e a Literatura, pioneiras em sua preocupação com a tradução, procura-se mostrar um ponto de encontro nas abordagens linguísticas e literárias; na primeira, com o enfoque da voz do tradutor nas metodologias de análise textual e, na segunda, através da preocupação com a voz do tradutor, no sentido de sua presença discursiva no texto.
Variáveis contextuais na produção de significado: a tradução de instrumentos de mensuração para uso nos serviços de Saúde
Authors: Ferreguetti Kícila , Rodrigues Júlia , Pagano Adriana Silvina
Published: August 2016

Este artigo examina o papel das variáveis contextuais na produção do texto traduzido e apresenta um estudo baseado na tradução de um instrumento de mensuração utilizado na área da Saúde. Tendo como base a teoria sistêmico-funcional da linguagem (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014) e as abordagens sistêmico-funcionais da tradução (MATTHIESSEN, 2001), foram analisadas três versões do texto traduzido, sendo uma delas produto da tradução a adaptação cultural, pautada pela metodologia convencional das Ciências das Saúde, e as outras duas, resultado da adequação cultural, procedimento complementar à metodologia padrão destinado a garantir a plena funcionalidade do texto traduzido para uso na população alvo. A análise textual enfocou o exame das variáveis do contexto de situação do texto original e de cada texto traduzido e suas realizações linguísticas. Os resultados mostraram aproximação entre os padrões de escolhas linguísticas do texto original e do texto traduzido e adaptado culturalmente, ambos apresentando-se como textos escritos com caráter mais monológico, enquanto que os dois textos produto da adequação cultural evidenciaram escolhas linguísticas pautadas pela demanda de sua função como textos falados de caráter dialógico.  O estudo demonstra a relevância da análise textual para a execução da tarefa de tradução e da interdisciplinaridade para a tradução do tipo de texto examinado. São tecidas reflexões sobre o impacto do estudo para a formação de tradutores.