bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substantial Approach in Theoretical Social Science, Its Necessity and Principles
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Momdzhyan Karen Kh.
Published: April 2022

The author of this article is convinced that modern history, which has entered the crisis period of “unsecured outcomes”, poses the most difficult problems to theor­etical social science, the solution of which is facilitated by successful adaptation of people to new social realities. At the same time, the modern social theory ex­periences a crisis of fragmentation and does not have proper conceptual means for adequate comprehension of the changing world. Unfortunately, many modern the­orists seek to legalize the categorical chaos in social theory, to present it as its “natural state”. On the contrary, the author proceeds from the belief that subject-conceptual unity and categorical order in social theory remains “sine qua non” of its existence. Conceptual fragmentation is natural and inevitable in a value social philosophy that evaluates the world and searches for the meaning of human exist­ence in it, but it is intolerant in reflective philosophy, trying to reveal its own logic of the social world, independent of the value preferences of the scientist. The author considers the substance-based approach, the principles of which are disclosed in the article, to be a tool for conceptual optimization of social know­ledge. Relying on the ideas of B. Spinoza and G.V.F. Hegel the author analyzes the category “substance”, proving its necessity for modern social science and hu­manities. The author considers a substance in its modern understanding to be a procedural beginning, which defines a special way of existence inherent in self-targeted information systems with an organic type of integrity, capable of self-originating, self-sustaining and self-development. Correspondingly, the author considers human activity as a substance of the social world, which creates “from itself and for itself” all forms of social life, its subjective, objective, organiza­tional, attributive, taxonomic and other manifestations. Everything that exists in social reality is a modus, attribute or accidence of activity, which allows us to discover objective logical links and transitions between the categories of philo­sophical and sociological knowledge.
The Importance of Neuroscientific Research of Consciousness for the Development of General Artificial Intelligence (Methodological Issues)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dubrovsky David I.
Published: April 2022

The development of artificial intelligence has entered a new stage associated with the problem of creating General Artificial Intelligence (AGI), approaching in its functions to the abilities of natural intelligence. Along with the phe­nomenological studies of the cognitive structures of subjective reality, the most important resource for the creation of AGI is the use of the results of neuroscien­tific studies of consciousness. The article discusses the most important of them, which can serve as a basis for modeling specific cognitive architectures of AGI. This requires a theoretical explaining the nature of the connection between the phenomena of subjective reality and brain processes. The author proposes an in­formational approach that allows explaining this connection and thereby substan­tiate the use of a neuroscientific description of cognitive operations for computer modeling of specific cognitive architectures of AGI. For this purpose, the results of the most important neuroscientific studies of consciousness are analyzed for the development of AGI. A prerequisite for this is the organization of closer co­operation of specialists in the field of methodology and epistemology, artificial intelligence and neuroscientific research.
Illusionism as a Theory of Consciousness Part I
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Gorbachev Maxim D.
Published: April 2022

This is the first part of the article, which presents arguments in favour of an ap­proach to consciousness, which is called illusionism. This is the view that phe­nomenal consciousness is illusory. According to illusionists, our sense that our conscious experiences are like something is a result of the fact that we systemati­cally misrepresent them or their objects as having phenomenal properties. The hard problem is replaced by the problem of illusion. And the task of the theory of consciousness is to explain our illusory representations about phenomenality, not phenomenality itself. Despite having followers, illusionism is still a minority po­sition, and is often dismissed as failing to take the problem of consciousness se­riously. The presented article is aimed at refuting this accusation. In this part, the program of illusionism is outlined against the background of two approaches – radical and conservative realism, that can be considered as more traditional ones in contrast to illusionism, which reveals its strengths in comparison to them. The boundary between the “strong” and “weak” forms of illusionism is drawn. The question of the correlation of the illusionist position with the statement about the illusory nature of the external world is considered. In addition, it is discussed, whether following illusionism entail eliminativism in the question of conscious­ness in the context of experience and what is called phenomenal properties.
Creative Activity in the Cultural and Philosophical Paradigm of Soviet Researchers: M.M. Bakhtin and M.S. Kagan
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky, Zlotnikova Tatyana S.
Published: April 2022

The article conceptualizes the problems of comprehending cultural values through the individuality of the creator and the correlation of creative activity with the circumstances of its implementation. The studying of creative activity by M.M. Bakhtin and M.S. Kagan is shown as relevant and productive. Each philosopher has deeply and originally worked out the methodology of interdisci­plinarity. In the tradition of Bakhtin, the psychological, cultural-anthropological and cultural-philosophical, artistic and aesthetic aspects inherent in the context are highlighted. Based on the integral analysis of Kagan’s works, his ideas that are rel­evant to this day are highlighted: about the possibility of synergetics for studying aesthetic problems and the problems of art; about the philosophical and anthropo­logical understanding of art, in particular, about the methodological justification of ideas about the synthesis of arts and about the personal experience of updating artistic practices. The author emphasizes the innovation and relevance of the philo­sophical and aesthetic problems of the morphology of art, in particular, the issues of the interaction of arts and the creation of models of their intellectual cognition.
“I Acted as Onegin with Tatyana”: Young Worker in the Space of Soviet Culture
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Skiperskikh Aleksandr V.
Published: April 2022

The author considers the significance of the cultural space in the life of the young worker of one of the Molotov plants. The impressions of the Soviet worker are reflected in a personal diary. It noted important moments of his own life during the war. The diary has an obvious cultural context. The author slowly reads A.I. Dmitriev’s diary for the purpose of understanding the content of the cultural repertoire of the young Soviet worker, as well as the place and value of culture in the daily practices of the Soviet province. War did not mean the death of culture. Culture made it possible to compensate for the tragedy of the sur­rounding reality. In the Soviet rear there were various forms of Soviet culture. The example of the author of the diary confirms their great importance in shap­ing the personality of a young Soviet man. Study of the text of the ego-document by A.I. Dmitriev allows us to conclude that the cultural menu, pointing to which is present in the author's reflection, was in its majority a product of USSR totali­tarian propaganda, which, in turn, contributed to the legitimation of the Soviet state. Despite the propaganda effects, the cultural menu during the war could en­rich Soviet people with new knowledge. Classical texts made it possible to ex­pend a person’s understanding of world culture.
Parallels, Perpendiculars and Imaginary Quantities. Reading the Book by V.I. Tolstykh We Were. The Soviet Man as He Is
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Science, Voronin Andrey A.
Published: April 2022

In the article, using the example of the book by V.I. Tolstykh, some characteristic features of “comfortable Marxism” are considered. Firstly, it is an unspoken non-theoretical convention of separating theory from reality, and two phenomena are at its core – the “right to misunderstanding” and the “right to ignorance”. Sec­ondly, the substitution of reality as the subject of theory with ideological, utopian phantoms. Thirdly, the construction of the theory of society as a logically im­maculate system of statements that soars above reality and avoids contact with real problems – both social and theoretical-cognitive.
Anthropological Crisis of Technogenic Civilization: Parameters and Perspectives of Overcome
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Kolyadko Ilya N.
Published: April 2022

The anthropological crisis of the technogenic civilization is examined in the arti­cle from the perspective of its ontological foundations. Its ontological aspect is interpreted as a set of special states in the development of complex systems, characterized by the fragmentation of the integrative quality and the increase in entropy, which initiates genesis of new structural hierarchy and order. Thus, the interpretation of the current state of technogenic civilization, proposed by V.S. Styopin, is supplemented in the article by his own synergetic ideas. The so­ciocultural foundations of the crisis stages in the development of modern soci­eties are revealed in the interaction and interconnection of the destructive and constructive components of the crisis in the processes of transformation, first of all, of the fundamental values of the technogenic civilization. The idea is that an­thropological crisis contributes to a radical change of stereotypes of public con­sciousness, the regulatory principles of thinking and action. The crisis also initi­ates the reinterpretation of the meanings of the key cultural universals, thus contributing to the transition to new parameters of the homeostaticstate of the system due to increasing stochastic factors of the external environment. One of them is the divergence of local sociocultural systems, manifested in the growth of ethnic, religious fundamentalism and extremism. Such forms of interaction of civilizations as dialogue, cooperation, partnership can be presented as construc­tive alternatives to these manifestations. Their constitutive basis is the mutual recognition of the originality of local cultural traditions and ethnocultural diver­sity, which will allow to build effective strategies for constructive overcoming the modern anthropological crisis.
Anthropological Crisis as a Theme of Philosophy
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pruzhinin Boris I.
Published: April 2022

Modern civilized society is in a state that could quite accurately be designated by the term “crisis” (in both its semantic shades – catastrophic and dynamic-transi­tional). The scientific literature describes in detail the reasons that involve mod­ern civilization in this state: the increasing use of the environment due to techno­logical progress and, as a result, its perilous change. And accordingly, by pointing to this kind of reasons, a circle of problems has already been outlined. The options for technological solutions outline the way out of the crisis. The pur­pose of this article is to expand this problem circle. According to the author, what aggravates and distinguishes the current crisis situation, is that modern technologies, among other things, open up the possibility of radically changing the fundamental species characteristics of the person himself. And what is essen­tial in this case, the possibility of such transformations becomes available to the individual: he, at his discretion, is able to transform not only his spiritual but also physical parameters, and therefore, vary the forms of his (equally specific) social being. But to answer the question: “What consequences can this kind of transfor­mation of Homo sapiens lead to?” neither the individual nor the society, at least today, are capable. Meanwhile, in this situation, a person turns into a human problem in himself, i.e., loses himself as an anthropos [Averintsev 2006]. The processes that deform modern civilization acquire the features of an existential “anthropological crisis”. And above all, in this capacity, modern philosophy should comprehend them.
AI for Science and Science for AI
Authors:   Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Anokhin Konstantin V. , Novoselov Konstantin S. ,   Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Smirnov Stanislav K. ,   University of Geneva, Efimov Albert R. ,   OJSV Sberbank, Matveev Philipp M. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: April 2022

In 2016, Hiroaki Kitano proposed that artificial intelligence (AI) will be able to overcome a number of human cognitive limitations that slow down the process of scientific discovery [Kitano 2016 web]. Since then, the odds of AI being awarded the Nobel Prize have been widely discussed, particularly within aca­demic community [Engineering for Research Symposium web 2020]. At the AI Journey 2021 conference, some renowned representatives of four scientific dis­ciplines (physics, mathematics, neurobiology, philosophy) discussed this issue and then co-authored this article [AI 2021 web]. In the first part of our paper, we critically analyze the role of AI technologies in natural science research: how useful they can be for fundamental science, what the potential of AI in natural and exact sciences is, and what principal limitations it has. Another part of our article discusses a counter-question of what science can do for the future re­search into AI. Today, it is impossible to imagine machine learning without lin­ear algebra, physics of materials, and brain research. All this falls under what is now commonly referred to as AI, a general umbrella term [Russel, Norvig 2021]. Thus, having served the birth of AI once, how can physics, mathematics, and neuroscience serve it today?
Understanding of Constitutionality in Legal Philosophical Discourse: Imaginary and Genuine Alternatives
Authors:   Institute of State and Law, Russian Academy of Sciences, Varlamova Natalia V.
Published: April 2022

Ensuring compliance of legal acts with the constitution is a problem of legal dogma and practice, as well as of the philosophy of law. In the latter, these ques­tions are linked with more general problems of validity of normative orders, in­cluding a legal one. In positivist philosophy of law, there are two alternative ap­proaches to their understanding – analytical jurisprudence and legal realism. The first describes the legal order as a system of norms, where the validity of a norm is determined by its compliance with a norm of higher level. However, because of the ambiguity of constitutional text it is often impossible to give a definite answer on the conformity of law with the constitution. The recognition of a law as constitutional depends upon the discretion of the constitutional re­view body which decides a case. These approaches of the analytical philosophy of law are practically identical to the legal realists position according to which a normative text doesn’t have any meaning before it’s interpretation by the autho­rized body, that determines a real content of a text. Within the framework of these areas of legal thought, the idea of ​​ constitutional review loses any meaning, and the effectiveness of the constitution, not only its supremacy, is called into question. Non-positivist approach is a genuine alternative to this understanding of constitutionality. According to it the limiting of public authorities and human rights realization are the purposes of a constitution. In formal legal sense, consti­tution as a normative act only fix those principles that guarantee the proper orga­nization of government. These principles express the essence of the constitution and serve as standards of constitutional review. Such understanding of constitu­tionality justifies different interpretations of constitutional text, and at the same time sets limits to it with the help of agreed understanding of general principles.
“Philosophical Congress. Pilot” The Conversation of A.Yu. Antonovsky, O.V. Nikiforov and Academician A.V. Smirnov
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnov Andrei V. , Antonovsky Alexander Yu. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikiforov Oleg V. ,   Logos Publishing House
Published: April 2022

Conversation of A.Yu. Antonovsky and O.V. Nikiforov with Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.V. Smirnov about the problems and features of modern Russian philosophy, about the history of Russian and foreign philoso­phy, about polycentricity in the context of the VIII All-Russian Philosophical Congress (“Philosophy in a Polycentric World”)
Illusionism as a Theory of Consciousness. Part II
Authors:   University of Crete Heraklion, Frankish Keith , Gorbachev Maxim D. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: April 2022

This is the second part of the article devoted to the approach to the problem of consciousness, which is called illusionism. Illusionism claims that phenomenal consciousness is illusory, because conscious experience is misrepresented as having phenomenal properties. Illusionism replaces the hard problem of con­sciousness with the problem of illusion. In this part, special attention is paid to the justification of illusionism and pointing out its advantages over radical and conservative realism. The critical part does not aim to refute the mentioned ap­proaches or provide a definitive argument for illusionism, but to show that such a view has its own strengths, and following the illusionist position can have its own prospects. In addition, this part presents several positive argu­ments in favor of illusionism, demonstrating that liberation from the meta­physical framework of realism can give a new impetus to the philosophy of consciousness. As a response to criticism, the article considers arguments often cited as reproaches to illusionists. Among these arguments are the accusation that illusionism does not take into account the immediate data of conscious­ness; the indication of the gap between illusion and reality that needs to be filled, as well as the problem of the Cartesian theater – the inner viewer, which distorts experience, forcing us to believe the existence of a phenomenal consciousness.
Real Time and Perspectives of Modern Metaphysics
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, Zima Vadim N.
Published: April 2022

One of the features of modern philosophy is the revival of interest in clas­sical metaphysical problems (the nature of the mental, free will, time) and their active discussion. However, the state of affairs in modern metaphysics is rather ambiguous. While some researchers try to solve metaphysical problems within a certain tradition, others seek alternative ways, and others deny the very possibility of metaphysics as a positive knowledge, or at least to focus on discussing the question of its methods and actual possibilities. Strictly speaking, taking into account the difficulties that the thesis about the possibility of obtaining knowledge about objective reality has faced over the past centuries, there is nothing fundamentally new in this state of affairs. There are still two main questions that remain relevant, without an answer to which it is impos­sible to say that the solution to any metaphysical problem is coherent. Is metaphysics even possible as a positive knowledge of reality? If possible, how? The author be­lieves that the arguments from the side of transcendentalism against naturalism are quite effective, and it is necessary to abandon the search for solutions to metaphysi­cal problems that are compatible with naturalism. But this does not mean that meta­physical problems cannot be solved at all. According to the author, the perspectives of metaphysics can be associated with the search for other points of reference than those that are usually used in modern discussions. As such, we can take the idea of the objectivity of time, which is of crucial importance in modern metaphysics.
Prediction of intercellular communication networks using CellComm
Authors: Rocha Edroaldo Lummertz da , Kubaczka Caroline , Sugden Wade W. , Najia Mohamad , Jing Ran , Markel Arianna , LeBlanc Zachary , Peixoto Rafael dos Santos , Falchetti Marcelo , Collins James J. , North Trista E. , Daley George Q.
Published: April 2022

Intercellular communication is important for tissue development and homeostasis, and when dysregulated contributes to a multitude of pathobiological processes. Cells communicate with each other by several mechanisms, including direct cell-cell contacts between membrane-tethered ligands and receptors on the cell surface, through secreted molecules that bind their cognate receptor on the receiving cell, or alternative modalities such as exosomes. The study of cell-cell communication networks using single-cell genomic approaches is now under intensive investigation, and innovative algorithms to interpret the data, infer how cells interact and identify the downstream effectors of a putative binding of a ligand to its cognate receptor are critically needed. Here, we describe a protocol to run CellComm, a data-driven systems biology algorithm that integrates single-cell RNA-sequencing, protein interaction networks, and gene regulatory networks to infer which cells within a heterogeneous tissue are actively communicating, as well as their downstream transcriptional programs. When spatial transcriptomics data is available, CellComm additionally identifies spatially-resolved cell-cell interactions within the tissue. This protocol is associated with our Nature Cell Biology paper describing our algorithm: CellComm infers cellular crosstalk that drives hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development.
Metasurface-enhanced Light Detection and Ranging Technology
Authors: Genevet Patrice , Martins Renato , Marinov Emil , Youssef Mohammed Ben , Kyrou Christina , Joubert Mathilde , Colmagro Constance , Gate Valentin , Turbil Colette , Coulon Pierre-Marie , Turover Daniel , Khadir Samira , Klitis Charalambos , Sorel Marc , Giudici Massimo
Published: April 2022

Deploying advanced imaging solutions to robotic and autonomous systems by mimicking human vision requires simultaneous acquisition of multiple fields of views, named the peripheral and fovea regions. Low-resolution peripheral field provides coarse scene exploration to direct the eye to focus to a highly resolved fovea region for sharp imaging. Among 3D computer vision techniques, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is currently considered at the industrial level for robotic vision. LiDAR is an imaging technique that monitors pulses of light at optical frequencies to sense the space and to recover three-dimensional ranging information. Notwithstanding the efforts on LiDAR integration and optimization, commercially available devices have slow frame rate and low image resolution, notably limited by the performance of mechanical or slow solid-state deflection systems. Metasurfaces (MS) are versatile optical components that can distribute the optical power in desired regions of space. Here, we report on an advanced LiDAR technology that uses ultrafast low FoV deflectors cascaded with large area metasurfaces to achieve large FoV and simultaneous peripheral and central imaging zones. This technology achieves MHz frame rate for 2D imaging, and up to KHz for 3D imaging, with extremely large FoV (up to 150°deg. on both vertical and horizontal scanning axes). The use of this disruptive LiDAR technology with advanced learning algorithms offers perspectives to improve further the perception capabilities and decision-making process of autonomous vehicles and robotic systems.
“My Body, My Rhythm, My Voice”: a community dance pilot intervention engaging breast cancer survivors in physical activity in a middle-income country
Authors: Rubio Maria Alejandra , Mejía-Arbeláez Carlos M. , Wilches-Mogollon Maria A. , Moreno Sergio , Finck Carolyn , Rosas Lisa G. , Romero Sol A. , Guevara Paula , Cabas Santiago , Rubiano Oscar , Flórez-Pregonero Alberto , León José G. , Haile Robert , Sarmiento Olga L. , King Abby C.
Published: April 2022

Background: Interventions to promote physical activity among women breast cancer survivors (BCS) in low to middle-income countries are limited. We assessed the acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of a theory-driven group dance intervention for BCS delivered in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study employing a mixed-methods approach to assess the 8-week, 3 times/week group dance intervention. The effect of the intervention on participants’ physical activity levels (measured by accelerometry), motivation to engage in physical activity, and quality of life were evaluated using Generalized Estimating Equations analysis. The qualitative method included semi-structured interviews thematically analyzed to evaluate program acceptability. Results: Sixty-four BCS were allocated to the intervention (N=31) or the control groups (N=33). In the intervention arm, 84% attended ≥60% of sessions. We found increases on average minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day (intervention: +8.99 vs control: -3.7 min; p = 0.01), and in ratings of motivation (intervention change score= 0.45, vs. control change score= -0.05; p = 0.01). BCS reported improvements in perceived behavioral capabilities to be active, captured through the interviews. Conclusions: The high attendance, behavioral changes, and successful delivery indicate the potential effectiveness, feasibility, and scalability of the intervention for BCS in Colombia.Trial registration: Clinical trials NCT05252780, registered on Dec 7th, 2021 – Retrospectively registered Unique protocol ID: P20CA217199-9492018.
Appraisal of synergistic (co-inoculation) effect of Rhizobium and non-rhozibial bacterial endophytes of Vigna radiata
Authors: DHOLE ARCHANA MARUTI , Shelat Harsha Nilesh , Patel Hiren , Jhala Yogeshvari
Published: April 2022

A unique feature of leguminous plants is the establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterial genera in root or stem nodules which in recent times was re-evaluated for investigating the micro-flora discrete to nitrogen fixation. The research was carried out to isolate non-rhizobial endophytes (NRE) and Rhizobium from root nodules of Vigna radiata and ascertain their co-inoculation effect in pot and field conditions from Anand, Gujarat (India). 53 bacteria were isolated and based on phosphate solubilization, IAA production, and ARDRA profile, three potent isolates were selected and identified through partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Rhizobium sp. AAU B3 (GenBank® ACCN MH701891), Bacillus sp. AAU B6 (GenBank® ACCN MH701892) and Bacillus sp. AAU B12 (GenBank® ACCN MH701893). All strains showed nitrogen fixation ability, however, the highest nitrogen fixation 54.06 mg N g− 1 of glucose was demonstrated by the combination of all three strains. Furthermore, all three strains showed amplification of the nifH gene encoding Fe-protein of nitrogenase enzyme complex (~ 390 bp) and nodD gene was amplified by Rhizobium sp. AAU B3 (~ 980 bp). Maximum phosphate solubilization was recorded by combinations of all three strains demonstrated a higher solubilization index (SI) and available P in liquid. Likewise, all 3 strains in combination showed higher potash SI 2.98, the highest indole acetic acid production 165.50 µg ml− 1, and produced a significant amount of stress-relieving enzyme ACC deaminase. The succession of the root nodule formation within root hairs seedlings was observed under a fluorescence microscope after seed inoculation with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole tagged NRE strains. The treatment receiving the combination of three bacterial inoculants recorded the highest plant growth, yield, and had a positive effect on the total bacterial count in pot and field study.
Correlation Between Time In Range And Serum Uric Acid In Type 2 Diabetes Without Hyperuricemia
Authors: Liu Yan , Peng Xiaoren , Qiu Chunjian , Zhu Fangli , Shao Jiaqing
Published: April 2022

Background. This study aim to provide an investigation of the relationship between a new metric of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-TIR (time in range) and serum uric acid (SUA) of patients with type2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods. 1056 individuals who was diagnosed with T2DM were enrolled in our study. They were classified into (Q 1≤19.56%), Q 2(19.56-62.66%), Q 3(62.66%-86.04%) and Q 4(>86.04%) groups by quartiles of the TIR. All patients underwent a 3-day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). TIR a metric that denotes the time percent when their blood glucose is in the range of 3.9-10.0mmol/L during a 24-hour period. The correlation between TIR and Biochemical Measurements was analyzed using the Spearman analysis method. And the logistic regression was applied when analyzing the relationship between TIR and SUA by adjusting for the FBG、HbA1c(%), lipid situation. Results. Patients with ascending quartiles of TIR showed lower levels of TG, TC, FBG、HbA1c(<0.05) ,and increased levels of SUA(<0.001). the number of cases of the lowest quartiles of SUA (≤247.5 umol/L) decreased with the increment of TIR (P <0.05). TIR positively with SUA(p<0.001) and negatively with FBG, HbA1c, TC and TG (p<0.05). The Logistic regression found a significant association between TIR and SUA independent of FBG and HbA1c. Conclusion. Our research proved that TIR is associated with SUA independent of FBG and HBA1c in Chinese type 2 diabetes without hyperuricemia.
Correlates of turnover intention among nursing staff in the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Tolksdorf Katharina Herta , Tischler Ulla , Heinrichs Katherina
Published: April 2022

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, shortage of nursing staff became even more evident. Nurses experienced great strain, putting them at risk to leave their jobs. Individual and organizational factors were known to be associated with nurses’ turnover intention before the pandemic. The knowledge of factors associated with turnover intention during the pandemic could help to foster nurses’ retention. Therefore, this review aims to identify factors associated with nurses’ turnover intention during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsAfter a systematic search of six databases, the resulting records were screened in a two-step process based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included quantitative studies were synthesized qualitatively due to their methodological heterogeneity.Results A total of 19 articles were included in the analysis. Individual factors such as health factors or psychological symptoms and demographic characteristics were associated with nurses’ turnover intention. Organizational factors associated with turnover intention were e.g., caring for COVID-19 patients, low job control or high job demands, and moral distress. Resilience and supporting leadership could mitigate adverse associations with turnover intention.ConclusionsThe results help to identify high-risk groups according to individual factors and to develop possible interventions, such as trainings for nurses and their superiors, addressing individual and organizational factors. Future research should focus on longitudinal designs applying carefully defined concepts of turnover intention.
Trend analysis and Changepoint Detection of Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Climatic Parameters in The Garo Hills of Northeast India
Authors: Kumar Pavan , Lahiri Biswajit , MM Nageswararao , Sangma Silkame N
Published: April 2022

This study aims to estimate the change points, tendencies, trends existing between the estimated change points of weather parameters and to explore relationships with forest cover loss, and CO2 emission in the Garo Hills region of Northeast India. The study is based on the secondary data of Precipitation, Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature, Relative Humidity, Tree cover loss, and CO2 emission at Garo Hills for the period 1984–2019. Mann Kendal’s and Sen’s slopes were used for estimating the trend of monthly and seasonal weather parameters and the breakpoints were estimated using Pettitt’s test. Further, we tried to establish a relationship between the variables under consideration using Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis. The results suggest that the precipitation was on a decreasing trend during most of the months and seasons. Maximum temperature depicted an upward significant shift, while minimum temperature demonstrated a downward shift in all seasons post-2008. The relative humidity was on an increasing trend post-1999 in all seasons except monsoon. Regression analysis reveals that the relative humidity and maximum temperature contributed negatively to precipitation. The forest cover loss and CO2 emission were positively correlated (r = + 0.58 and r = + 0.59) with the maximum temperature and negatively with the minimum temperature (r= -0.59 and r= -0.59). Results from this study will help the stakeholders to understand the temporal variability of weather factors and the effect of forest cover loss and CO2 emission on weather change in the region, and to formulate climatic mitigation strategies in the region.
Comparison of characteristics of thunderstorm activity in the south of the Russian Far East according to WWLLN and weather stations data
Authors: Permyakov Mikhail Stepanovich , Kleshcheva Tatiana Igorevna , Potalova Ekaterina Yurievna
Published: April 2022

The work continues the theme of studying of the thunderstorm activity (TA) in the Far East of Russia. A comparison of the characteristics of TA in the south of the Russian Far East (including Sakhalin Island) was carried out according to the data of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and observational data from 34 weather stations for the period 2009–2018. The estimates of the optimal radius of the region of the WWLLN data sampling in the weather stations vicinity are obtained by two statistical methods. Taking into account the previously published results, the average (median) values of the optimal radius in the south of the Far East of Russia amounted to 23(24) km. Differences in radius estimates for mainland, coastal, and island stations, as well as for night and daytime, are noted. The difference in the average annual TA according to the data of the weather stations and WWLLN varied within ±6 days/year and up to 1.3 days/year, the root mean square deviation were 2.4 days/year and 0.4 days/year, for the first and second methods, respectively. At the same time, the WWLLN data represent the main features of the intra-annual TA variation according to weather station data. It is shown that WWLLN data make it possible to distinguish individual thunderstorms in the course of TA at the diurnal scale, including those not noted in the observational data, and in the spatial distribution of lightning – mesoscale structures formed by thunderstorm rainfall clouds.
Maceration and Liquid-liquid extractions of phenolic compounds and antioxidants from Algerian olive oil mill wastewater
Authors: Gueboudji Zakia , Kadi Kenza , Mahmoudi Maher , Hannachi Hédia , Nagaz Kamel , Addad Dalila , Yahya Leila Ben , Lachehib Belgacem , Hessini Kamel
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) is a major waste stream from the olive oil industry. It is highly polluted due to phenolic compounds. The present study focused on the physicochemical properties of OMW as well as the quantitative and qualitative effects of two methods of extraction (maceration and liquid-liquid extraction) of phenolic compounds.
Methods
Liquid-liquid extraction and maceration methods were used for the extraction of phenolics. Spectrophotometry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization–Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) were adopted to quantify the phytochemical contents and the phenolic compounds. The antioxidant potentials were evaluated using three assays DPPH, ABTS + and FRAP radical scavenging activities.
Results
The findings showed that the OMW was an acidic effluent (pH = 5.05) loaded with mineral and organic matter expressed in terms of a high value of electrical conductivity (EC = 13.51 mS/cm). Indeed, the OMW showed high dry matter, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5). The extract obtained by the maceration method showed the highest yields of total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannins contents than the liquid-liquid extraction method. The LC-MS results revealed the presence of 16 phenolic compounds in the extract obtained by the maceration method and only 12 phenolic compounds were found in the extract obtained by the second method. Quinic acid was identified as the most abundant compound. Moreover, the macerated extracts possessed the highest antioxidant potential as evidenced by their strong DPPH, ABTS and FRAP radical scavenging activities compared to the liquid-liquid extracts.
Conclusions
The maceration methods seemed to be the most effective method for extracting phenolic compounds from OMW than liquid-liquid extraction. The OMW constitute a rich source of natural phenolic compounds that could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants.
Characterization and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Chitin Film Produced from Head of Caligula japonica Pupa: From Waste to Use
Authors: Fırat Beyza , Karaduman Tugce
Published: April 2022

Harmful insects become bio-waste after they are collected for plant protection purposes. It is very important industrially to transform these bio-wastes into technological materials rather than incineration. Caligula japonica damages many plants such as walnut, chestnut, and apple, reduces fruit yield and even causes the trees to die. In this study, a three-dimensional natural chitin film was produced from the head of the C. japonica pupa, which is collected in large quantities from nature. As a result of the FTIR analysis, it was revealed that the produced films were in the form of alpha chitin and consisted of nanofibers that could be observed very clearly according to SEM analysis. The maximum degradation temperature of the resulting chitin film was measured to be 367.8 °C. As a result of XRD analysis, two sharp peaks were recorded in 9.42 and 19.52 which are characteristic for chitin. The cytotoxicity analysis performed on L929 revealed that the chitin film did not have any cytotoxic effect at 24th, 48th and 72nd hours. As a result, a natural, three-dimensional, nanofiber film with biocompatible properties was produced to be used in future biomedical applications.
Communicating climate change and biodiversity loss with local populations: Exploring best-practices and postcolonial moments in eight case studies from across the globe
Authors: Ansari Dawud , Schönenberg Regine , Abud Melissa , Becerra Laura , Brahim Wassim , Vega-Leinert Anne Cristina de la , Dudley Nigel , Dunlop Michael , Figueroa Carolina , Guevara Oscar , Hauser Philipp , Hobbie Hannes , Hossain Mostafa A.R. , Hugé Jean , de Bisthoven Luc ‎ Janssens , Keunen Hilde , Munera-Roldan Claudia , Petzold Jan , Rochette Anne-Julie , Schmidt Matthew , Schumann Charlotte , Sengupta Sayanti , Stoll-Kleemann Susanne , Kerkhoff Lorrae van , Vanhove Maarten P.M. , Wyborn Carina
Published: April 2022

Climate change and biodiversity loss trigger policies targeting and impacting local communities worldwide. However, research and policy implementation often fail to sufficiently consider and involve them. Therefore, we present the results of a collective self-assessment exercise for eight case studies of communications regarding climate change or biodiversity loss between project teams and local communities. We develop eight indicators of good stakeholder communication, reflecting the scope of Verran (2002)'s concept of postcolonial moments as a communicative utopia. We demonstrate that applying our indicators enhances communication, although we discover a divergence between timing, complexity, and (introspective) effort. Three cases qualify for postcolonial moments , but scrutinising power relations and genuine knowledge co-production remain rare. While we verify the potency of various instruments for deconstructing science, their sophistication cannot substitute trust-building and epistemic/transdisciplinary awareness. Lastly, we consider that reforming inadequate funding policies helps improving the work in and with local communities.
Compounding joint impact of rainfall, storm surge and river discharge on coastal flood risk: An approach based on 3D Fully Nested Archimedean Copulas
Authors: Latif Md Shahid , Simonovic Slobodan P.
Published: April 2022

Compound flooding is a multidimensional consequence of the joint impact of multiple intercorrelated drivers such as oceanographic, hydrologic, and meteorological. These individual drivers exhibit interdependence due to common forcing mechanisms. If they occur simultaneously or successively, the probability of their joint occurrence will be higher than expected if considered separately. The copula-based multivariate joint analysis can effectively measure hydrologic risk associated with compound events. Because of the involvement of multiple drivers, it is necessary to switch from bivariate (2D) to trivariate (3D) analyses. This study presents an original trivariate probabilistic framework through incorporating multivariate hierarchal models called asymmetric or fully nested Archimedean (or FNA) copula in the joint analysis of compound flood risk. The efficacy of the derived FNA copulas model, together with symmetric Archimedean and Elliptical class copulas, are tested by compounding the joint impact of rainfall, storm surge, and river discharge observations through a case study at the west coast of Canada. The obtained copula-based joint analysis is employed in multivariate analysis of flood risks in trivariate and bivariate primary joint and conditional joint return periods. The estimated joint return periods are further employed in estimating failure probability statistics for assessing the trivariate (and bivariate) hydrologic risk associated with compound events. The statistical tests found the fully nested Frank copula outperforms symmetric 3D copulas. Our work confirms that for effective compound flood risk analysis together with bivariate or univariate return periods, is essential to account for the trivariate joint return periods in order to assess the expected compound flood risk and strength of influence of different variables if they occur simultaneously. The bivariate (also univariate) events produce lower failure probability than trivariate analysis for the OR-joint cases.Thus, ignoring the compounding impacts via trivariate joint analysis can significantly underestimate failure probability and joint return period.
Effect of home exercise rehabilitation on cardiopulmonary function in patients after PCI: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Jidong , Fuhai LI , Li Yan , Cao Lihua , Cui Chunli , Zhang Wenzhong , Lian Zhexun
Published: April 2022

Objectives
This study aimed to compare the effects of different durations of home exercise rehabilitation on left ventricular remodeling and cardiopulmonary function in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods
All patients received individualized home exercise rehabilitation guidance and treatment after discharge from the hospital. Echocardiography and CPET were performed before and after the rehabilitation intervention. The echocardiographic parameters and CPET results of the two groups were compared before and after rehabilitation. Differences between the groups were compared for each parameter.
Results
Forty patients were enrolled. Patients were divided into long-term home rehabilitation group (6–12 months, n = 18) and short-term home rehabilitation group (3 to < 6 months, n = 22).The CPET parameters ATVO2, peak VO2/kg, and peak METs in the long-term home rehabilitation group increased after rehabilitation compared with those before rehabilitation (P < 0.05). Except for the decrease in the VE/VCO2 slope, which was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), ATVO2, peak VO2/HR, peak VO2/kg, peak METs, and peak power all increased in the long-term home rehabilitation group compared with the short-term home rehabilitation group(P < 0.05). LVEDd and LVESd were lower in the long-term home rehabilitation group than in the short-term home rehabilitation group(P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis of the correlation between LVEF and CPET parameters suggested that LVEF had a positive and statistically significant correlation with ATVO2 and peak power (r = 0.7156828,P = 0.009 and r = 0.457907,P = 0.034).
Conclusion
Long-term home rehabilitation of patients with ACS after PCI improved the cardiopulmonary function and exercise capacity.
The neuroprotection of hyperoside in MPP+/MPTP -induced Parkinson’s disease model
Authors: Xu Xing-Jie , Pan Tao , Fan Hui-Jie , Wang Xu , Yu Jie-Zhong , Zhang Hai-Fei , Xiao Bao-Guo , Zhang Bo , Ma Cun-Gen , Chai Zhi
Published: April 2022

BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease featured by the pathological dysfunction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, which can cause an insufficient release of dopamine (DA), induce motor and nonmotor symptoms. Hyperoside (HYP) belongs to lignan components and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of HYP on dopaminergic neurons.Methods and resultsIn this study, MPTP and its active neurotoxic metabolite MPP+ were applied to establish the PD model, respectively, treated with HYP. We found that HYP (100μg/ml) mitigated the cytotoxicity effect of SH-SY5Y cells under the treatment of MPP+ and HYP (25mg/kg/d) alleviated the motor symptoms of PD mice induced by MPTP. HYP treatment reduced the content of NO, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as mitochondrial damage of DA neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, HYP treatment converted neurotrophic factors' downregulation levels, including GDNF, BDNF and CNDF in vivo but not in nitro. Finally, we found there was an activation of AKT signaling after the administration of HYP in MPP+/MPTP model, and the inhibition of AKT signaling did not block the neuroprotection of HYP on DA neurons. ConclusionsThese results indicate that HYP protected the DA neurons from the MPP+ and MPTP-induced injuries in a way that did not rely on the AKT signal.