bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ridesharing as a part of modal shift: An Austrian Pilot case study.
Authors: Darbanian Farzaneh , Juppe Melanie , Schildorfer Wolfgang , Tockner Reinhard , Rudloff Christian , Seer Stefan
Published: June 2024

Changing mobility behavior is a dynamic process that involves a combination of individual choices, technological advancements, and policy interventions to create a more sustainable and efficient transportation system. Efforts to change mobility behavior often focus on creating a multimodal transportation system that offers a variety of options for different circumstances. This can involve a combination of improving existing infrastructure, implementing new technologies, and adopting policies that encourage sustainable and efficient transportation choices. In the DOMINO project, we were focused on using ridesharing as a part of modal shift in Upper Austria. In a detailed elaboration, strategic and organizational prerequisites for an efficient control of transport infrastructure and means of transport (intermodal mobility) were recorded within the pilot regions of the DOMINO project. Thus, important preliminary work has already been done, which provided a basis for the further implementation of the project. The DOMINO pilot has provided valuable insights into the ridesharing field by evaluating the user data collected, especially by gathering experiential knowledge about what works and what does not. Despite these advances, ridesharing has yet to take root in the minds of users, and the transition from the convenience and flexibility of owning a vehicle remains a gradual process.
Assessment of resilience in a maritime autonomous transport system
Authors: Erik Mørkrid Odd , Fjørtoft Kay , Hagaseth Marianne , Holte Even
Published: June 2024

Resilience attributes are turned upside down when introducing autonomous maritime transport systems, as technology replaces or assists human functions. We enter an unknown world where we need to rely on autonomous functions and the collaboration between humans and technology. Since less human interaction might cause challenges and effects not yet uncovered, Kaber (2018)[1] discussed levels of autonomy in the context of human automation interaction (HAI). The paper particularly looks at the use of levels of autonomy as taxonomies to structure and improve analysis of human performance, workload, but also situational awareness as well as some of the problems that this may cause. The introduction of increasing automation changes the way human and machine interact in many ways. As such, to ensure resilience in autonomous transport systems, these human and machine interaction challenges must be addressed and systemized, and in this paper the different awareness categories humans, technology and external (Fjørtoft, K.E., 2021), are revisited and linked to resilience. Also, as an extension on how to utilize integrated planning for autonomous transport systems (IPA), as presented by Fjørtoft, et al. (2023), this paper further details emerging issues related to human and machine interface by presenting a framework for how to secure resilience during the design, plan and follow up autonomous ship operations. In other words, the ability to assess and ensure resilience when planning operations in autonomous maritime transport system, while accounting for the interaction between humans and technology. This is of particular relevance due to the likelihood of vessels sailing with different degrees of autonomy, depending on the ongoing operation and its surroundings. Described as operational envelopes in "Towards approval of autonomous ship systems by their operational envelope" (Rødseth 2021), the overall operation must be broken down into sub-operations such as sailing in open seas, berthing, cargo loading/unloading (crane operation), etc.The framework is exemplified through a case study, by combining research results from the Norwegian project MARMAN and EU projects like AUTOSHIP and AEGIS.
Using the UN SDGs and the ESG Index towards the development of a Unified Building Information Modelling Language and Culture for Sustainable Construction
Authors: Markopoulos Evangelos , Markopoulos Panagiotis , Nandi Akash , Wu Tong , Zhao Kui , Samkova Mascha , Huang Menglei
Published: June 2024

The Building Information Modelling (BIM) concept was invented in the last ten years to bridge the technological gap between the construction sector and other sectors and contribute to the sustainability targets of the built environment. However, it seems that there is a significant difference in the application and adaptation of the BIM technology between organizations and countries as well. This paper addresses these key BIM challenges and identifies technological and cultural requirements for developing a Unified BIM Language & Culture (UBIML-C) that can enhance the implementation and adaptation process of BIM technology. Furthermore, it indicates the integration and alignment of UBIML-C with the UN SDGs and the ESG index to highlight the direct return on the effort and investment placed to implement UBIML-C. The paper introduces a preliminary process framework for the adaptation and operations of UBIML-C in terms of knowledge elicitation, technology and process execution, performance metrics, and its alignment with the UN SDGs and the ESG Index.
Experience Elements of User Feedback for Air Conditioning Systems in Office Buildings Based on Context Theory
Authors: Li Xin-yue , Zhang Jun , Yu Zhun
Published: June 2024

The energy-efficient operation of air conditioning systems in office buildings plays a crucial role in the creation of sustainable built environment as well as the low-carbon development in the building sector. To achieve the goal of energy conservation without comfort penalty, it is desirable that relevant information from system users can be accurately collected through the user feedback method, thereby improving the system’s operation performance. The successful usage of this method is heavily dependent on system users’ experience which allows users to actively provide feedback. However, so far very few studies have given sufficient consideration to the user feedback experience of air conditioning systems in office buildings. Consequently, such experience is still poorly understood, and this hinders designers from developing effective strategies for designing corresponding tools with the goal of improving user feedback experience. To address this issue, this paper first analyzes the current status and characteristics of user feedback for air conditioning systems in office buildings. Then, the context theory is employed to analyze and define the experience elements of user feedback from the perspectives of user, environment, task, and product contexts. Based on the above analysis, the mutual influences between these experience elements are examined, and typical design strategies for the user feedback are further developed. Our future work will focus on validating the effectiveness of these experience elements and design strategies in improving user feedback experience by conducting design practices and tests.
Optimal Calorie Intake for Undergraduate Students During University Hours
Authors: Ghaleb Atef , Qawasmi Karim , Alowedi Sultan
Published: June 2024

The transition to university marks a significant phase for many young adults, characterised by academic pursuits, physical growth, and independence in decision-making. However, this period also introduces new challenges due to the nature of the phase like stress-related eating habits, irregular dietary habits, limited physical activity, and reliance on processed food due to time constraints. The aim of this study is to estimate the recommended calorie intake for a Junior undergraduate student (17 Credit Hours) in a small-sized university (36.7 acres) during university hours using the calculated energy expenditure of on-campus activities. A 5 week-day schedule was used to record the average duration of activities. In addition, surveyed demographical data (age, weight, height, and sleep duration) was used to calculate the energy expenditure using the Harris-Benedict (H-B) formula, published literature, and our data recordings. The findings show the recommended calorie intake for optimal nutrition during university hours for a junior Industrial Engineering student in a small campus to be 1224.73 ± 314.41 kcal.
Burning books in human history as evidence of extremely aggressive activation of the 'toxic power syndrome'
Authors: Kruszewski Michal , Krzemieniecki Leon
Published: June 2024

In this scientific essay, we highlight some common aspects of the issue of transferred aggression and symbolic aggression from the perspective of ‘innovative agonology’ – acronym INNOAGON. The cognitive goal of the essay is just the most general rationale regarding an open question: whether this new applied science will increase the chance of at least offsetting in the public space the pernicious, multidimensional effects of pervasive, commercially motivated violence and aggression. It would be ludicrous to equate the criterion for balancing the pathology of violence and aggression with the time and number of messages available to the two parties in the daily cycle. One is represented by entities for whom it is an attractive commodity or the dominant mode of action. The other - in addition to agonologists, individuals and collective actors who are aware (although not all of them refer to scientific evidence) that the continuation of such a practice on a macro level is a simple path to the self-destruction of global civilization. Potential perpetrators could be public affairs coordinators with the highest intensity of 'toxic power syndrome' and at the same time with access to nuclear and biological weapons. The claim that enhancing 'creative power syndrome' at every stage of ontogenesis is the most profitable investment of an individual is both a simple demonstration of the power of evidence-based argumentation. However, social circumstances unambiguously limit applications to the micro scale).
Interpretation of Chinese hand-to-hand fighting systems and therapeutic exercises from the perspective of the INNOAGON methodology
Authors: Kruszewski Artur , Kruszewski Marek , Cherkashina Elena , Cherkashin Ilia , Siliang Liu
Published: June 2024

The traditional Chinese aerobic fitness exercise tai chi, is a form of low to moderate intensity physical activity. Tai chi is a good example of both therapeutic exercise and a form of preparation for gentle hand-to-hand combat (especially as safe self-defence, also from the perspective of a potential aggressor) . In Chinese society, these forms of exercise are the primary means of preventive health, active lifestyle and, in a sense, conventional physiotherapy or even rehabilitation. Many schools of tai chi based on the same theoretical principles of exercise are still emerging in China. There are currently six main schools of tai chi and the mainstream is based on the styles; Chen, Yang, Sun, Hao, Wu and He. As a result of evolutionary, practice-based changes linked to traditional oriental medicine, the ai chi method has been popularised. Its core element is part of rehabilitation in water as a 'physical-mental' treatment. Combining the advantages of tai chi and hydropathy, ai tai chi has complementary advantages in terms of sensory stimulation (such as the ability to maintain balance, sense of movement, development of strength, proprioception etc.) and mental development resulting from the valuable practice of eastern hand-to-hand combat, which is generally recognised as kung fu (alternatively wu shu).Similar modifications of these systems of hand-to-hand combat and healing exercises are part of the methodological concept of INNOAGON (an acronym for innovative agonology). Its basic method is a complementary approach, with the main aim of strengthening all dimensions of health and survival from the micro to the macro scale. For many decades tai chi has been gaining popularity around the world, but has moved significantly away from its roots. Today, tai chi exercises seem to have lost the sense of martial training and are rather seen as three strands parallel to each other: sport, health and spiritual (i.e. related to mental health). It is precisely the philosophy of health characteristic of Chinese culture combined with the various styles of traditional kung-fu hand-to-hand combat that is a very important alternative to the pathologies of neo-gladiatorism. It comes close to fulfilling the social mission of INNOAGON, as does Japanese budo. These systems, in a sense, refer to the Greek philosophy of kalos kagatos. The methodological potential of INNOAGON makes intercultural dialogue over time (from the past, through the present towards the future), supported by a repeatedly verified practice with great health and personal security values, an important way of balancing the negative effects of the increasingly strong human coupling with the attractions of modern digital technology.
INNOAGON generation born after 2025 – alternative recommended by science
Authors: Adam Piepiora Paweł
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, generational changes are determined by technological advances. Generation Z is entering the labour market and is best positioned on the line between the virtual and real worlds. The Alpha generation, on the other hand, will soon be entering secondary schools, as they are technologically proficient and need to be online all the time. With them, a smartphone is only natural. The Beta generation  people born after 2025  is approaching and will grow up with the advancement (but will that be development?) of artificial intelligence. It is assumed that this generation will work alongside robots and be shaped by digital interactions. Analysing these generational shifts, the visions of the future of the great futurists that have been disseminated in pop culture are getting increasingly real. Improving machines for the benefit of humanity, after which the machines gain ‘consciousness’ (but whether is it in human likeness?) and, towards freedom, begin to fight (start a war) against humanity. Is this a world that cannot be saved from inevitable degradation? A viable alternative to the Beta generation is the INNOAGON generation (this is an acronym for innovative agonology), presupposing the continuous development (i.e. a concern for exclusively positive change, or, alternatively, the slowing down of biologically determined involution phenomena) of body, mind and spirit, through the utilitarian values of humanity developed over centuries. But young people should not be educated without knowledge of their mental reality. Therefore, the responsibility for educating the next generation must be based on complementary observations of young people, in direct contact with them, technological support and understanding at the level of pop culture. There is a chance that interactions shaped in this way will enable the cognitive and behavioural development of humanity. The interdisciplinarity of science here is a mission for humanity.
Feasibility of Integrating Electromyography and Computer Vision for Occupational Safety during Tractor Ingress and Egress
Authors: Lowndes Bethany , Laura Pineda Gutierrez Ana , Pitla Santosh , Rumuri Salem , Siu Joseph , Yoder Aaron
Published: June 2024

Entering and exiting a tractor requires strength, muscle coordination, and behaviors that can prevent injuries Research indicates between 15-20% of tractor-related injuries occur during ingress and egress (entry and exit, respectively) (Douphrate et al., 2009). Most agricultural producers know it is important to maintain three points of contact, to face toward the cab when climbing in and out, to have clean steps, and to wear anti-slip shoes to ensure safe ingress/egress. However, these steps are not always taken by producers in the field. Efforts are needed to improve safety of ingress and egress behaviors including learning more about human performance and capabilities. This paper will describe the application of a custom computer vision system to assess behaviors for tractor ingress and egress along with the physical performance. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating EMG and computer vision data to study biomechanics and behavior to assess tractor ingress and egress safety. Two participants had EMG sensors placed bilaterally. They completed a grip strength test using a hand dynamometer and then climbed into and out of the tractor. The extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) muscle activation on both sides demonstrated the highest activation as a percentage of the maximum activation. When climbing down, the participants’ shoulders retracted, causing the ECRL to have more activation than the ingress movements. However, during ingress the participants received more visual information by looking at their hands and rails, which could contribute to why the strategy they use is completely different. During egress the participant was observed to focus on their legs and the visual cues they received were in the form of looking down at their feet. The value of these different visual stimuli is vastly different and require further research to see how they contribute to overall movement strategies. This could lead participants to either leaning toward the cab or away from the cab and requiring different muscle activation in their upper body. It is anticipated that during egress the leg muscles could be more active than the arm muscles with even more activation during ingress due to working against gravity to climb into the cab. The computer vision algorithm was able categorize safety risk levels during the trials. The use of EMG combined with computer vision has the potential to describe movement patterns and behaviors that could impact ingress and egress safety. Further refinement and synchronization of these systems are needed to use this method for developing and testing targeted fall prevention interventions and to create user-centered ingress and egress design solutions.
Prevention and risk analysis of Hydrogen refueling station – case study
Authors: Bernatik Ales , Jankuj Vojtech , Sinay Juraj
Published: June 2024

Hydrogen technology is advancing as a promising solution for a clean energy system and environment. The potential of hydrogen as a clean and promising energy source highlights its advantages in the energy lifecycle, production, storage, transportation, and various applications. National policies and strategies prioritize advancing hydrogen utilization, aiming to drive towards a carbon-neutral society. Among its many applications, hydrogen-powered mobility, particularly through fuel cell electric vehicles generating only water and warm air, stands out. However, there remains an insufficiency in infrastructure and the production of eco-friendly green hydrogen. Recent years have seen the installation of numerous refuelling stations, not limited to the Czech Republic. However, ensuring safety and mitigating potential risks associated with hydrogen applications, for example with hydrogen refuelling stations, is of paramount importance. Especially in the process of introduction and implementation of new technologies, and with hydrogen which is viewed as an explosive gas, steadily increasing societal acceptance is crucial. This necessitates thorough process safety and risk management implementation before installation, aiming to prevent leakage, possible explosions, or major accidents. Considering that absolute safety doesn’t exist, the acceptable risk level aligns with the economic advancement of society, and the greatest source of risks is the human factor (that is people), effective utilization of hydrogen technologies can only be ensured if its manufacturers, users, or even the entire society, are aware of the majority of risks associated with hydrogen as an efficient energy carrier of the future. To ensure a safer environment and acceptance of hydrogen technologies, continuous improvements in safety measures and risk management strategies should be implemented, evolving alongside the advancement and integration of hydrogen–based systems in our energy landscape. This proactive approach will contribute significantly to the safe, efficient, and sustainable utilization of hydrogen technology in the years to come. This study aimed to conduct a quantitative risk assessment of a hydrogen refuelling station, covering its entire lifecycle from production, storage, and distribution, to usage. Focusing on potential hazards associated with hydrogen and scenarios posing environmental risks, the assessment emphasized the critical role of production technology, hydrogen storage, pipelines, and filling stations in ensuring safety. A thorough evaluation of a specific scenario involving continuous hydrogen leakage, dispersion and potential ignition leading to fire or explosion revealed that the risk level at the station is socially acceptable. While safety measures were adequately evaluated, additional precautions such as detachable couplings, detection sensors, or emergency shutdown systems are essential for comprehensive risk management and broader societal acceptance.
Role of Human Factors in Fall from Height Fatalities in the UK Construction Industry
Authors: Olatoye Oluwafemi , Oyen Arewa Andrew , Tann David
Published: June 2024

Globally, fall from heights remains incessant in the construction industry with recent statistics revealing that about 65% of fatalities are directly linked to fall from height in the UK construction industry. Moreover, the problem is exacerbated by the persistent and reoccurring nature of falls from height in the construction industry. Yet, research about the contemporary roles of human factors vis-à-vis falls from height across high-risk industries is scarce. Aim: The study aims to provide a robust analysis regarding the role of human factors in fatalities caused by falls from height in the UK construction industry. Research question: What is the relationship between human factors and persistent falls from height incidents in the construction industry? Method: Mixed research methods (Qual-Quan) concept and phenomenological research strategy were adopted for a better understanding of the research variables. The study relied on HSE archived data and data obtained through a response to a Freedom of Information (FOI) request sent to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) UK for 10 years data on fall accidents in the UK construction industry. Also, a semi-structured interview was conducted with professionals in high-risk industries for better insight into the study. Result: The initial findings of the research show a range of human contributory factors such as workers fatigue, mental slips, hastiness, organisational pressures, etc are responsible for persistent falls among workers. Conclusion: The study findings reveal that 75% of falls from height cases in the UK construction industry are caused by human factors and it further underscores the significant role human factors play in falls from height incidents. Other findings from the study suggest that the use of bespoke and modernised airbag PPE by construction workers has the potential to significantly mitigate the effects of falls from height. The study is part of an ongoing PhD research that seeks to develop a conceptual framework aimed at managing dysfunctional safety practices among workers in the UK’s high-risk industries.
Self-reported noise sensitivity and perceived enjoyment of working in an open office environment
Authors: Persson Roger , Borell Jonas , Stroh Emilie
Published: June 2024

Individuals may vary in their sensitivity to noise and this may affect how they relate to their surroundings. As part of an intervention project about the psychosocial effects of informational sound masking, we examined the occurrence of self-labeled noise sensitive individuals as well as the association between three indicators of noise sensitivity and one indicator for the perceived enjoyment of working in an open office environment. We also examined how the indicators of noise sensitivity correlated with age, gender and ratings of behavioural and architectural countermeasures, and the perceived impact of the sound environment on work tasks. Sixty-eight individuals (32 women and 35 men) between 24 and 64 years of age participated by responding to an online questionnaire at baseline in March 2023. The results showed that 47 % labeled themselves as at least being somewhat sensitive to sounds, while 53 % stated that they were not especially, or not at all, sensitive to sounds. Furthermore, 57 % reported that they much, or to a high degree, enjoyed working in an open office environment, whereas 43 % reported that they did not, or only to some extent enjoyed this. Spearman rank order correlations indicated that individuals who labeled themselves as noise sensitive, or reported having a propensity to react very strongly to sounds, were more likely to report a lesser enjoyment of working in an open office environment. In addition, they were also more likely to rate that the sound environment negatively influenced their ability to concentrate and to perform at work. Accordingly, individual variations in sound sensitivity is one factor to consider when designing and operating open office environments; and may also be a factor that impacts the recruitment of individuals to employments in open office environments.
Measuring safety culture in the Disaster Resilient Society context: an actionable toolkit
Authors: Duca Gabriella , Gugg Giovanni , Sangermano Vittorio , Di Palma Antonio
Published: June 2024

Given the multifaceted and multiscale nature of the concept of safety culture, its shifting to the Disaster Resilient Society (DRS) context requires a comprehensive exploration of its multiple aspects and dimensions, making it meaningful from the public safety perspective. Starting from factors and aspects of safety culture described in scientific and technical literature, we have defined specific indicators for measuring safety culture in three target groups: citizens, practitioners and public servants indirectly involved in prevention, preparedness and response. CORE EU project has shaped an original Safety Culture model, addressing multiple levels of safety culture and grasping the many facets that characterise the large cultural diversity encountered when the analysis targets different societal groups, from citizens to practitioners. Following this reference model, a toolkit for the execution of Safety Culture measurement campaign has been developed, supporting the investigation in a geographic community. It consists of three techniques specifically tailored for each intended target group: first step is an initial collection of quantitative data, with a large-scale survey; the second step implements a qualitative data collection with semi-structured interviews and, finally, the third, qualitative, step consists of focus groups. The paper describes the overall proposed methodology to run a Safety Culture campaign in the DRS context, provide examples of designed tools and discusses the early results of the toolkit validation in seven European regions.
Visualizing the Development and Trend of Sustainability Science and Social-ecological System Research
Authors: Liu Yu , Yi Jian Izzy , Pan Yangyang , Wang Baokang , Hasdell Peter
Published: June 2024

Over the years, sustainability science (SS) and social-ecological systems (SES) research have emerged as important domains under the umbrella of sustainability research, each advancing interdisciplinary collaboration and sharing a similar purpose of fostering sustainability. However, the illegibility of their relationship and contribution to each field remain unclear. Few papers visualize the pathways and apply data-driven methods in the fields of SS and SES research. We aim to demystify this relationship by identifying research pathways and archetypes of the development of both SS and SES research, and hence illuminating patterns, trends, and connections that suggest promising directions for further research.To achieve this goal, we applied a mixed-method approach that combines citation network analysis with archetype analysis, to study SS and SES research. The roles of both research pathways were elucidated to identify and characterize existing synergies. Our findings highlight the significant role of SESs to SS as a bridging research model and underscore previously unrecognized potentials within the sustainability research domain. As a conclusion, this study not only clarifies the relationship between SS and SESs but also visualizes the pathways of each domain with a data-driven approach.
The Transformation of Design Strategy for Triple Ecological Methodology of Smart City
Authors: Li Yichen
Published: June 2024

Since the concept of smart city was launched in 2008, the development of smart city in China has made great breakthroughs, but there are still problems in the development. The current interpretation and research of smart city mostly focus on technology application and top-level design, which is insufficient from the perspective of humanities and social sciences. This paper does not adopt the current mainstream view of technology application regarding smart city issues, or the perspective of top-level design operability under government governance objectives. Instead, it reinterprets the philosophical dimensions from the perspective of humanistic and social ethics. Before the research, this paper conducts an analysis of the current situation of China's smart cities and theoretical reflection on this. The research is divided into two aspects: 1. Trace and analyze of the ecological philosophy of Pierre-Félix Guattari: The philosophical perspective of triple ecology is an important assertion for the current development of society and capitalist globalization, which is directly related to the issue of sustainable development. This paper introduces the philosophical concept of triple ecology of Guattari as a perspective in the field of smart city research and analyzes its triple characteristics. 2. Research on strategy application: It refers to research on strategic application of triple ecological methodology, with individual practice in China, From the perspective of contemporary ecological crisis, this paper systematically reflects on the current development of smart cities regarding value and ethics, critically corrects the development, and points out the possibility of practical connection. By reshaping the concept of philosophical perspective of triple ecology at the methodological level, this paper proposes a triple ecological philosophical design strategy of "strategic research in the context of environmental ecology", "strategic research in the context of social ecology" and "strategic research in the context of individual spiritual ecology".
Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) Enterprise Architecture Framework (EAF) with Human System Integration (HSI) – A Smart-City (SC) Case Study
Authors: Rudder Sarah
Published: June 2024

This paper researches and analyzes how Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) methods can be applied to the construction industry in developing an Enterprise Architecture Framework (EAF) for long-term success of the Operations and Maintenance (O&M) of emerging Smart-Cities (SC). A properly built EAF complements an organization’s Digital Transformation (DT) effort, enabling the construction of these human-focused urban developments that purport sustainable practices in response to environmental threats heightened by typical city infrastructure. The complexity of an SC is comparable to architecting a System-of-Systems (SoS) with the imperative need to identify and account for emergent properties between systems when making design decisions. From a Systems Engineering (SE) perspective, the re-usability of standardized Architecture Frameworks (AF) and libraries built within an MBSE environment will decrease rework, therefore reducing cost and improving reliability of similar projects in the future. This paper will (1) review existing literature related to MBSE EAF implementation and results within the construction industry with an emphasis on SCs, (2) propose a Reference Architecture (RA) that extends an existing MBSE framework with customizations for SC construction, and (3) architect and evaluate The Line in Saudi Arabia as a case study. This research will lay the foundation for conclusions regarding the efficacy of practicing MBSE in construction as the domain becomes increasingly interconnected to “smarter” applications that require additional considerations, constraints, and technologies.
The Role of Training Duration in Frequency Discrimination of Electrotactile Feedback
Authors: Boljanic Tanja , Baljic Milica , Dosen Strahinja , Strbac Matija
Published: June 2024

Electrotactile feedback is a promising communication channel in various applications, from healthcare to human-machine interfaces. However, the time needed to train the users remains one of the main challenges. This study examines the impact of training duration on user performance when using frequency modulation to convey information through electrotactile stimulation. We have employed an electrotactile stimulation system that includes a custom-designed 32-pad electrode for the thigh and custom-developed software for psychometric evaluation. Software included two electrode activation regimes, i.e., single electrode pad and distributed stimulation with multiple pads, that were used for training, reinforced learning and testing of the discrimination between four frequency levels. The study involved 34 healthy volunteers subjected to short and long training protocols to evaluate the impact of learning. The results showed that longer training significantly improved the recognition, confirming that training duration is a crucial factor for effective electrotactile feedback based on frequency modulation. The training effects were especially pronounced in more complex task, when stimulation was delivered to a randomly selected pad of the electrode array. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing training duration in electrotactile applications.
The Evolution and Evaluation of Pie Menu Interactions in Text Input
Authors: Nath Rupesh , Joshi Anirudha
Published: June 2024

Pie menus, also known as radial menus, have been studied in the realm of user interfaces. Various applications of pie menus have been explored, with research focusing on their usage in diverse contexts and their impact on user behaviour. As interactive devices such as touch screen mobiles, virtual reality, mixed reality, and touch-based physical products rapidly permeate into the users’ hands, they are driving the demand for studies in multi-model interactions. The pie menu is a promising UI pattern that offers various selection options within a constrained radius. Mostly, the interaction requires human action like click, swipe or steer gestures, and efforts like visual search, decision time. Despite the efforts by different research groups to derive an effective model on human performance, we observed that the derived models on Pie menu are studied independently, but all models are based on Fitts’ law and its extension in text input methods. We conducted a comprehensive literature review of publications from ACM, IEEE, HFES, and few others focusing on the evolutions of Pie menus and their derived models. Our qualitative study examined three aspects: application of pie menu in the context of text input, touch mobile interfaces, models applied or derived in these studies. Through a mixed-method analysis, we evaluated these aspects and narrowed our focus to 38 papers that specifically address text input methods and human performance. Our findings revealed that the performance of pie menus varied significantly across different use cases. Some studies reported that the northwest side of the menus was harder to access, while others suggested that pie menus were theoretically easy to learn but performed less effectively than square menus. However, in the context of text input, pie menus outperformed conventional keyboards. We propose that future research should aim to develop a standard methodology for testing pie menus that can be generalized across different contexts with minimal modifications. The results of this review will provide valuable insights for researchers and designers working on Pie menu interactions, helping them understand previous research, identify gaps, and determine future directions.
Innovative Methods for Robot Programming: Development and Comparison
Authors: Matour Mohammad-ehsan , Thormann Christian , Winkler Alexander
Published: June 2024

In considerations of Human-Machine Interaction or Human-Robot Interaction, humans are often regarded as users or employees. However, the programming of the robot also plays a crucial role, as it is a form of Human-Machine Interaction. According to the International Federation of Robotics, over 500,000 industrial robots were newly installed worldwide in 2022. It is predicted that annual installations will continue to rise in the coming years. This necessitates providing access to robot programming for less specialized personnel. In addition to traditional programming methods, there are already some more intuitive concepts in this field. This includes, for example, guiding the robot arm by hand as an alternative to control through buttons or a joystick. Furthermore, classical textual programming is often replaced by a form of Drag & Drop programming.In addition to these commercially available programming variants, novel programming concepts are conceivable, such as the integration of voice control, the use of mobile devices such as phones or tablets, robot control via gestures, or the utilization of products from the field of video games. Moreover, Augmented Reality technology exists, which can support intuitive robot programming.In this article, we present our own developments on the topic of innovative methods of robot programming. Firstly, an innovative approach to robot programming using gesture control via the Kinect camera is introduced. This method allows the operator to precisely control the robot through multiple waypoints and save them using virtual elements projected by a video-projector. Subsequently, the robot can efficiently traverse the saved points, demonstrating significantly faster programming compared to conventional methods in experiments.Furthermore, we present an innovative Mixed Reality approach. By using a Head-Mounted Display, the operator can control the robot in a particularly advanced manner. This includes not only intuitive path planning in both joint and Cartesian space but also the realization of force-controlled movements and the provision of crucial status information from the robot. This holistic approach creates a novel interface between humans and robots, significantly improving efficiency and control in robotics.Next, a joystick-based robot movement with haptic feedback is introduced. This control allows the operator to precisely and intuitively control the robot using a joystick. The haptic feedback enhances the user experience by providing tactile feedback to better understand the robot's movements.The goal of all these methods is to simplify programming, even without in-depth expertise. We compare these methods with each other and with established programming procedures in terms of time efficiency, ergonomics, programming comfort, etc. Additionally, we analyze whether the considered procedures are suitable for individuals without specific expertise.
The use of wearable sensors for ergonomic risk assessment of surgical procedures: a literature review
Authors: Santos Catarina , Teresa Videira Gabriel Ana , Quaresma Cláudia , L. Nunes Isabel
Published: June 2024

Surgical procedures place significant physical demand on surgeons, frequently requiring long periods of standing, repetitive and/or forceful movements, and sustained awkward postures, which raises the possibility of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD). In response, several ergonomic risk assessment methods have emerged to identify risk factors in the workplace. A transformational approach involves associating wearable sensors to the ergonomic risk assessment data collection procedures, offering significant advantages over self-reporting and observational methods. Wearable sensors enable the use of a real-time quantitative approach to monitor surgeon’s exposure to risk factors during surgeries.This paper provides a comprehensive literature review on the use of wearable sensors for ergonomic risk assessment of surgeries, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Moreover, it provides an in-depth analysis of the assessments described in the studies. The majority of the reviewed studies were published in the last three years, confirming a growing trend in research on this topic. The wearable sensors, whether used individually or in combination, include inertial sensors to assess exposure to awkward postures or repetitive movements and sEMG sensors to measure muscle activity parameters.The significance of this paper lies in its potential to guide future research directions, inform best practices in ergonomic risk assessment methodologies, and influence the development of targeted interventions to mitigate the exposure to risk factors faced by surgeons.
Competency-based learning in the teaching of Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)
Authors: Sersch Alina , Sauder Christian , Steger Tobias , Gust Peter
Published: June 2024

The application of the standards system of the Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) within technical product documentation is associated with challenges. The reasons for this can be seen in the dynamics of standardization, its complexity and the small number of current teaching approaches.In this paper, the learning outcomes and competencies in the field of ISO-GPS are analyzed based on a study on the current state of teaching at universities with mechanical engineering degree programs throughout Germany. A total of 115 universities and 743 potentially relevant courses were identified, with responses from 85 universities being evaluated. What details on learning outcomes are formulated in the module handbooks? Which subject areas of the GPS are they linked to? Which competencies are considered necessary by lecturers or students? In addition to a list of learning outcomes, a competency wheel is presented that includes the learning objective taxonomy, associated verbs and potential methods of teaching. A comparison of the actual and the target status is described. Overall, the study is intended to provide the basis for the assessment and (further) development of teaching approaches for GPS. Selected examples of competencies from the competency wheel are used to illustrate concepts for teaching.
Comparing the pedagogical setup of contemporary chair-based sitting with traditional Indian (cross-legged) way of ground-based sitting: A Narrative review
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek , Atreya Sonal
Published: June 2024

Background: Chairs are a relatively newer concept as compared to the traditional Indian way of ground-based sitting. The traditional Indian gurukuls (residential schools), follows Vedic way of minimal living, and the learners primarily adopt ground-based sitting resembling specific asanas (body postures), which offer a wide range of physical and psychological benefits. Problem: Although there is ample study on the consequences of extended (chair-based) sitting and sedentary lifestyle, only a few studies have focused on the ground-based sitting practise adopted in eastern cultures. Furthermore, these limited studies exist in domain-specific silos, with insufficient comparative compilation. Methods: The paper aims to compare the impact of chair-based sitting with ground-based, on learner’s physical, mental, and additional dimensions through literature-based study. Results: The prolonged chair-based sitting impacts - Physical dimensions (like- musculoskeletal pain in body parts, swelling of ankles & legs, etc.), Mental dimensions (like- chronic stress, anxiety & depression, etc.), and additional dimensions (like- poor academic performance, social conduct issues, etc.). Meanwhile, the Indian way of ground (cross-legged) sitting appears to have positive effects on these dimensions. Under the physical dimension, cross-legged sitting betters- blood circulation, back stability, and body's flexibility. This sitting improves the mental dimension through enhanced concentration, inducing a calming effect, etc. Moreover, it aids in additional dimensions, such as balancing the bodily energy systems and imparting longevity benefits. Conclusion: This review highlights the numerous advantages of ground-based (cross-legged) sitting over chair-based, and highlights an excellent opportunity to investigate the ancient knowledge of asana using scientific approaches in educational context.
A brief analysis of the application of the five senses in emotional design - taking tea tray design as an example
Authors: Xu Danmeng , Xu Rui , Jiang Changfeng , Yu Hongjun , Yang Ziqiong
Published: June 2024

With the improvement of people's economic level, products that adhere to the principle of "form follows function" can no longer meet consumers' basic needs. Therefore, consumers shift their demands more towards the emotional experience and emotional levels of products. In this context, designers should adapt to the transformation point that "emotional design is gradually becoming the development trend of product design," making products meet users' emotional needs and thereby increasing the "stickiness" of products to users. Objective: This article will combine emotional design and sensory experience to design the various aspects of product experience, thereby stimulating users' emotional resonance. Subsequently, by analyzing the sensory needs of users, the usage experience of users will be integrated into the design of the tea tray to meet the sensory experience of consumers. Method: Firstly, market research methods will be used to collect and analyze data. Secondly, by comparing the differences between emotional design, design rich in emotion, and emotional design, as well as the role of the five senses in emotional design, the application methods of the five senses in the design of the tea tray under the concept of emotional design will be obtained. Finally, the derived theories and methods will be applied to practice. Conclusion: This article analyzes from two aspects of emotional design and sensory experience, and applies the conclusions drawn to the design of the tea tray, enabling the product to better meet users' diverse emotional needs.
Innovative Design Research of Time-Honored Brands Based on Haipai Cultural Genes: A Case Study of Maochang Glasses
Authors: Jiawen Wu
Published: June 2024

Using the Cultural Genome Theory to study the design strategies and paths for the innovative development of time-honored brands, we aim to assist in their transformation towards innovation. Employing the ZMET metaphor extraction method, we construct a cultural genome index system rooted in the Shanghai style culture. Through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), we filter and rank the cultural indicators, identifying those with higher weights. Focusing on Maochang Eyewear products, we conduct virtual product design practices informed by these cultural factors, collaborating with the brand to execute activities with significant exposure. Integrating the research methodology of cultural genome with the innovation path of time-honored brands effectively facilitates the synergy of cultural resources, offering new insights for brand transformation.