bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between pathogenicity, race and vegetative compatibility grouping among Algerian populations of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi causing pea wilt
Authors: Merzoug Aoumria , Belabid Lakhdar
Published: January 2018

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi (FOP) is a significant and destructive pathogen of field pea in Algeria. In the present study, 50 isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi, the causal agent of pea (Pisum sativum) wilt, collected from different parts of western Algeria and representing four races of the pathogen, were analyzed for virulence. The wilt incidence ranged from 6.66 to 88.33% on a highly susceptible cultivar (Little Marvel). Twenty-one isolates belonging to four races of FOP and one nonpathogenic F. oxysporum (FO) isolate were analyzed for vegetative compatibility in order to reveal the genetic structure of the population and to check the reliability of the method for the identification of physiological races of FOP. Obtained results showed that the FOP isolates could be classified into four main vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) that corresponded to races l, 2A, 2B and 5. The race 6 isolate fell into the race 1 VCG. To our knowledge, this is the first such study in Algeria of its kind.
Interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and the Neotropical predator Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Implications in biological control of pest
Authors: Scorsetti Ana Clara , Pelizza Sebastian , Fogel Marilina Noelia , Vianna Florencia , Schneider Marcela Ines
Published: January 2018

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are serious pests of crops causing direct damage by feeding and indirect by the transmission of plant viruses. The use of conventional insecticides for controlling aphids has caused different problems and insecticide resistance. Accordingly, there is more interest in alternative control methods such as biological control by natural enemies for sustainable agricultural management. Among biological control agents, entomopathogenic fungi are one of the most significant microbial pathogens of insects. Also, Coccinellidae, as a major group, is a serious natural enemy. Both larval and adult stages of Coccinellidae feed on different soft-body pests, such as aphids. Eriopis connexa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a common species in agroecosystems of the Neotropical region where it is considered to be a potential control agent. Pathogens and arthropod natural enemies may contribute to the control of phytophagous pests; however, it is important to assess potential interactions within biological control agents that share hosts (intraguild interaction) to evaluate their combined use for pest control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the compatibility and interaction (lethal and sublethal effects) between E. connexa and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Both are important biological control agents of aphids. The pathogenicity of B. bassiana against larvae, pupae and adults of the predator E. connexa was evaluated, and results showed, that B. bassiana infected the coleopteran. On the other hand, interaction between B. bassiana and the predator was evaluated through infected-prey. The effects of fungus on larvae survival were significantly different when we analyzed the accumulated survival (from first larval instar to adulthood). The daily fecundity was significantly reduced at five days compared to control group. By contrast, no significant differences were observed between the five oviposition days in the rate of hatched eggs. This study shows that despite having received a single dose of the fungus in its life cycle, the population parameters of the predator E. connexa are affected. More studies would be necessary to help identify interactions between microbes and natural enemies to increase and enhance opportunities and further develop biological pest control programs.
An Analysis of Transformation of Teaching and Learning of Japanese Schools that Significantly Addressed Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Ichinose Tomonori
Published: January 2018

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) requires learner-centred and interactive teaching strategies such as critical thinking, participatory decision-making, value-based learning, and multi-method approaches, all of which to some degree contrast traditional lecture-based teaching practices. As there is very little evidence providing international comparison across different educational backgrounds, the research digs deeper into the effects of a pluralistic ESD approach to teaching in the context of Japanese primary and secondary education. Based on answers from a questionnaire administered by head teachers in 469 ESD schools, the present research shows that teachers recognise that at least in relation to the local environment, community welfare, and depopulation of communities, the students are increasingly aware of their role and the need to act ambitiously to create a sustainable society. In these teacher comments about ESD methods, the main emphases were on the whole system, for example, the use of integrated studies (referred to 37 times), cross-curriculum development (13), and the ESD calendar (12). The fact that ESD is learner-centred (26), learning in the society (23) focused on collaboration with local community, and based on active learning (20) also frequently appeared. The research also reveals that by using local resource materials and conducting experiential activities, studentsí awareness of their local district deepens, and students then start to tackle with difficulties of local society such as declining population, protection of natural environment, and preservation of traditional culture by themselves. However, it cannot be said that teachers clearly understand their role as coaches and change agents, and there were no reported cases of teachers and students collaboratively designing school activities. Thus, there is still space for more profound teaching and learning growth in ESD in Japan.
Factors Determining Children and Young People’s Well-being at School
Authors: Stasulane Anita
Published: January 2018

The article addresses the issue of children and young people’s well-being at school. The issue has been known as topical for already some time. In recent decades, in order to be able to determine the true nature and essence of the phenomenon of well-being, the necessity to find the ways for identification of children and young people’s self-assessment of well-being at school has become very important. There are many challenges related to conducting new longitudinal studies on children and young people’s well-being. The phenomenon of well-being at school cannot be seen only in the context of local situation; it is deeply contextual. Its essence is also determined by the content and values that have emerged in the development of wider global or regional relations and attitudes. Therefore, for the formation of a broader perspective of the article, such phenomena as sustainability and unsustainability were used. This made it possible to refer to the trends of sustainability and unsustainability that had long been highlighted in the studies of global development and education. The analysis of the phenomenon of well-being at school is offered based on the research results within EU FP7 project “Measuring Youth Well Being” (MYWeB) that took a balanced approach to assessing the feasibility of a European Longitudinal Study for Children and Young People through prioritising both scientific and policy imperatives and was carried out in cooperation with eleven European countries. The aim of the article in accordance with one of the specific tasks of the project is to find out the meaning and significance that children and young people allocate to well-being. The article discusses one of the most relevant domains of wellbeing - school, and how it relates to happiness, life-satisfaction and psychological wellbeing of children and young people. The article outlines the results of fieldwork undertaken in project consortium countries (Croatia, Estonia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, and the United Kingdom) with the goal to understand the subjective experiences of children and young people from different age groups, regions and socio-economic backgrounds. The results of the research confirmed that educational spaces could take a more significant role in promoting well-being of children and young people; in its turn, the education system must rebalance academic learning and emotional well-being.
The rule of the front and behind top edges of weirs on their hydraulic performance and working efficiency
Authors: Ashour Mohamed A. , Abu-Zeid Tarek S. , Hassan Radwa
Published: January 2018

The geometry of weirs is a prime factor influencing hydraulic performance and accuracy. One of the geometric components of weirs, is the situation of its top corners, are they sharp or rounded, and what is the most suitable radius of such rounding curves? The present study was conducted to examine the effect of using five different radius of curvature for both the upstream and downstream top corners of a clear over-fall weir on its hydraulic performance and accuracy. Eleven models of wooden weirs were shaped and prepared with five different values of rounding curvature. The prepared weir models were located in a laboratory tilting flume of 13.50 m length, 0.30 m width, and 0.30 m depth. The study was carried out in the Irrigation and Hydraulic Laboratory of the Civil Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Egypt. A discharge ranging from 2.0 to 22.0 dm3s−1was used, and through 66 experimental runs, all the necessary hydraulic parameters were measured, and recorded. The obtained data were tabulated, analyzed, plotted, and technically discussed. The main results and obtained conclusions proved that when the front weir top edge is curved the discharge coefficient increases up to 8%. Also, when both front, and behind weir top edges are curved the discharge coefficient increases up to 14%. At the same time the discharge coefficient has a maximum value when the radius of curvature in upstream and downstream top corners equals 20% of the height of the weir.
From carbonate platform to euxinic sea – the collapse of an Early/Middle Devonian reef, Cantabrian Mountains (Spain)
Authors: Loevezijn Gerard B.S. van , Raven J.G.M.
Published: January 2018

The Santa Lucía Formation represents the major phase in Devonian reef development of the Cantabrian Zone (Cantabrian Mountains, northwest Spain). In the present study the transition from the carbonate platform deposits of the Santa Lucía Formation to the overlying euxinic basinal deposits of the Huergas Formation is described. These transitional strata are connected to the Basal Choteč Event and represent a condensed sedimentation of micritic dark-grey and black limestones with an upward increase of dark shale intercalations with iron mineralisation surfaces and storm-induced brachiopod coquinas. The transitional beds are grouped into a new unit, the Cabornera Bed, which consists of limestone, limestone-shale and shale facies associations, representing a sediment-starved euxinic offshore area just below the storm wave base. Four stages in reef decline can be recognised: a reef stage, an oxygen-depleted, nutrient-rich stage, a siliciclastic-influx stage and a pelagic-siliciclastic stage. Additional geochemical and geophysical investigations are needed to verify the results presented herein.
Simple modules over Auslander regular rings
Authors: Huang Chonghui , Zheng Lijing
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we discuss the properties of simple modules over Auslander regular rings with global dimension at most 3. Using grade theory, we show the right projective dimension of$\begin{array}{} \text{Ext}_{{\it\Lambda}}^{1}(S,\ {\it\Lambda}) \end{array} $is equal to 1 for any simpleΛ-moduleSwith grS= 1. As a result, we give some equivalent characterization of diagonal Auslander regular rings.
The Second Life of Master Jan Hus and Hussitism in Music of Bohemia and Around the World – The Revolutions of 1848
Authors: Velek Viktor
Published: January 2018

As part of his research on development of the traditions of “Jan Hus” and “Hussitism” as musical subject matter, the author of the article has concentrated on 1848, the Year of Revolution. The first part of the text introduces the texts of revolutionary songs and outlines the circumstances that led to the transformation of the reception of historical traditions, and thereby led to the new form of their influence on music. The second part is based on the contents of songbooks in which songs about Jan Hus and Hussitism were given a place of prominence. The concluding third part offers a retrospective of the development of (musical) theatre. Playing a dominant role is the music to the drama Žižkova smrt (The Death of Žižka), which was composed by Frantisek Skroup and has recently seen a revival in contemporary dramaturgy.
A Commemorative Album with the Correspondence of Josef Suk
Authors: Vojtěšková Jana
Published: January 2018

A commemorative album with the correspondence of Josef Suk (1874-1935) belon­ged to his son. It contains both commemorative inscriptions made by persons who were in contact with the composer Josef Suk, and also correspondence addressed to the composer, and later to his grandson - the violinist Josef Suk (1929-2011). The album contains a total of 237 items. The article draws attention to certain figures from politics (T. G. Masaryk, František Drtina), authors and poets (Otakar Březina, Antonín Sova, Karel Václav Rais), painters (Hugo Boettinger, František Bílek, Otakar Nejedlý, Čenĕk Kvíčala, Adolf Kašpar), musicians (Václav Talich, Jaroslav Kocian, Vítĕzslav Novák, George Szell, Vladimír Helfert, and Suk’s pupils - Pavel Bořkovec, Julius Kalaš, Jaroslav Jezek, Emil Hlo- bil, Bohuslav Martinů, Miroslav Pone, Dalibor C. Vačkář, Vladimír Štĕdron, Mihovil Logar), and other persons.
Unknown Organ Tablature from the Early Seventeenth Century
Authors: Štefancová Dagmar
Published: January 2018

In the course of research on fragments from the National Museum Library, a large torso was discovered containing hitherto unknown organ tablatures from the early seventeenth century (shelf mark CZ-Pn 1 K 219). The author of the article reassemble the torso based on signatures and analyzed its content, which consists of intabulations of sacred compositions by leading Renaissance composers (e.g. Orlando di Lasso, Tomás Luis de Victoria, Jakob Handl-Gallus) as well as some lesser-known composers. On the basis of analysis, she then focused her attention on Silesia and the German-speaking milieu of northern Bohemia and Moravia, compared the tablature with similar sources from Czech and foreign collections, and placed it in the context of musical practice in the milieu of Lutheranism.
Cost and time performance of traditional-, direct labour- and management-procured public projects in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Aghimien Douglas Omoregie , Osanyinro Olufemi , Adegbembo Taiwo Fadeke
Published: January 2018

Procurement method over time has proven to have significant influence on the successful delivery of construction projects. Making the right decision in the selection of a procurement option to adopt is therefore crucial if a project is to succeed. This study therefore assessed the cost and time performance of selected public building projects procured using traditional, direct labour and management procurement options in Ondo State, Nigeria. A pro forma was used to gather cost and time data from government procuring entities in the state. In addition, a structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from construction professionals in these procuring entities, in order to ascertain the factors influencing the choice of procurement options adopted. The cost and time data gathered were analyzed using percentages and the paired-samples t-test, while those gathered on the factors influencing the choice of procurement options were analyzed using mean item scores and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed that although there is no significant difference between the initial and final costs of the assessed projects, some measure of cost overrun still exists. In addition, a considerable amount of time overrun was experienced on projects executed using the three different procurement options. The most significant factors influencing the choice of a procurement option are price competition, speed, time certainty and complexity of the project. It is believed that the findings of this study will provide public procuring entities with insight on the cost and time capability of these procurement methods and aid them in selecting the procurement option that will help in delivering public building projects within the budget and on schedule.
Comparing three scheduling methods using BIM models in the Last Planner System
Authors: Brioso Xavier , Murguia Danny , Urbina Alonso
Published: January 2018

This article presents strategies for teaching scheduling methods such as takt-time, flowlines, and point-to-point precedence relations (PTPPRs) using building information modeling (BIM) models in the Last Planner System. This article is the extended version of the article entitled “Teaching Takt-Time, Flowline and Point-to-point Precedence Relations: A Peruvian Case Study,” which has been published in Procedia Engineering (Vol. 196, 2017, pages 666–673). A case study is conducted in final year students of civil engineering at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. The mock-up project is an educational building that has high repetitive processes in the structural works phase. First, traditional tools such as Excel spreadsheets and 2D drawings were used to teach production system design with takt-time, flowlines, and PTPPR. Second, 3D and 4D models with Revit 2016 and Navisworks 2016 were used to integrate the previous schedules with a BIM model and to identify its strengths and weaknesses. Finally, Vico Office was used for the automation of schedules and comparison of the methods in 4D and 5D. This article describes the lectures, workshops, and simulations employed, as well as the feedback from students and researchers. The success of the teaching strategy is reflected in the survey responses from students and the final perceptions of the construction management tools presented.
Localized probability of improvement for kriging based multi-objective optimization
Authors: Li Yinjiang , Xiao Song , Barba Paolo Di , Rotaru Mihai , Sykulski Jan K.
Published: January 2018

The paper introduces a new approach to kriging based multi-objective optimization by utilizing a local probability of improvement as the infill sampling criterion and the nearest neighbor check to ensure diversification and uniform distribution of Pareto fronts. The proposed method is computationally fast and linearly scalable to higher dimensions.
Biomechanical Assessment of Strength and Jumping Ability in Male Volleyball Players During the Annual Training Macrocycle
Authors: Czaplicki Adam , Śliwa Marcin , Szyszka Paulina , Sadowski Jerzy
Published: January 2018

Introduction
. The aim of the study was to determine the changes in the peak torque of the knee extensors and flexors of the dominant lower limb, the shoulder internal and external rotators of the dominant upper limb, and the shoulder extensors and flexors of the dominant upper limb as well as the changes in jump height in volleyball players during the annual training macrocycle.

Material and methods
. The study involved 13 volleyball players from a Polish second-league team. The measurements were performed five times: before the preparation period (T1), at the beginning of the competitive season (T2), in the middle (T3) and at the end of the first competition period (T4), and after the competitive season (T5). The torque of the knee muscles and shoulder rotators was measured in isokinetic conditions, and the torque of the shoulder extensors and flexors was assessed in isometric conditions. Jumping ability was tested using a piezoelectric platform.

Results
. We observed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in jump height and relative peak torque between the measurements, except for the torque of the shoulder external rotators and flexors. The results of multiple factor analysis based on 5 sets composed of 5 strength variables revealed differences between subjects and measurement sessions.

Conclusions
. The results obtained indicate that strength and jumping ability should be assessed regularly during the competitive season. The findings of the study suggest that it is necessary to modify the training methods used during the preparation period and individualize the training in the final phase of the competition period.
Effect of Breast Cancer on Physical Activity in Women
Authors: Kalinowski Paweł , Bojakowska Urszula , Kowalska Marta
Published: January 2018

Introduction
. Breast cancer is the most commonly found type of cancer in women. One cancer risk factor related to lifestyle that seems to be particularly worth examining is physical activity. The aims of the study were to analyse the physical activity of women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer for the first time and had undergone surgical treatment as well as to determine how their physical activity patterns changed with respect to the patterns from before the diagnosis.

Material and methods
. The research was carried out by means of a diagnostic survey. The instrument used was an original questionnaire designed for the purposes of the study. A total of 200 female breast cancer patients were surveyed between September 2015 and April 2016. The data collected in the study were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results
. The study showed that after developing cancer, a considerable percentage of women who were not physically active earlier started to perform regular physical activity. Before being diagnosed with cancer, 58% of the respondents did not spend any time engaging in physical activity or only performed it up to 30 minutes per week, whereas after receiving the diagnosis, more than half of the respondents spent a few hours a week being physically active.

Conclusions
. After being diagnosed with breast cancer, the majority of patients led a healthy lifestyle; the women surveyed in the study were more active and spent more time engaging in sports and recreation.
Influence of Sous vide Treatment and High Pressure Processing on Nutritional Value and Overall Acceptance of Pulse Spreads
Authors: Ķirse Asnate , Kārkliņa Daina , Muižniece-Brasava Sandra , Galoburda Ruta
Published: January 2018

The study was carried out to investigate the influence of sous vide treatment (80 °C/15 min) and high pressure processing (700 MPa/10 min/20 °C) on nutritional characteristics of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Fradel) and maple pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense L. cv. Bruno) spreads after processing and 62-day storage at 5 ± 1 °C temperature, to evaluate overall acceptance of processed pulse spreads after 22-day storage and to analyse nutrient coverage of pulse spreads compared to reference intake for adolescents and adults. Pulse spreads were made of cooked pulse seeds to which salt, citric acid, oil, and seasoning was added. Pulse spreads were hermetically sealed under vacuum in PA/PE and PET/ALU/PA/PP pouches. Nutritional composition was determined according to standard methods; overall acceptance was determined using a 5-point hedonic scale. Nutrient coverage by one serving of pulse spreads for adolescents and adults was compared to nutrient recommendations given by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Latvia. The results suggest that processing technologies and packaging materials did not influence nutritional value of pulse spreads (p > 0.1). Hedonic evaluation by consumers (n = 90) showed that processing technologies did not influence the overall acceptance of cowpea and maple pea spreads (p > 0.1).
Meat and Meat Product Consumption among Infants in Latvia
Authors: Širina Inga , Strēle Ieva , Siksna Inese , Gardovska Dace
Published: January 2018

Meat consumption during the first year of life is especially important to provide necessary iron requirements. The aim of the study was to assess meat and meat product consumption of Latvian infants during their first year of life, in relation to different factors. Data were collected by interview method using two types of questionnaires: food frequency questionnaires and food diary. The study included a representative sample of infants and toddlers from all regions of Latvia with a target sample of 560 participants. The study included 266 infants: 127 girls, 139 boys, aged from 0 to 12 month. Data were summarised using the Excel software and analysed using the SPSS software. For data analysis two age groups were created: 0–5.9 months and 6–12 months. Consumption was analysed by two parameters: frequency and amount per feeding. Meat products were defined as offal products, sausages, and meat in baby food. Meat was mainly consumed after 6 months of age and by 73% of infants (n = 107). Meat from baby food was consumed only after 6 months and by 23% (n = 34). Sausages and offal products were consumed after 6 months of age. Sausages were consumed by 18% (n = 28) and offal products by 11% (n = 16) of infants. Meat consumption for the majority of infants was introduced after 6 months and was in accordance with recommendations.
Biochemical Composition of Spring Barley Grain Pearled to Varying Degrees
Authors: Bleidere Māra , Jansone Zaiga , Grunte Ilze , Jakobsone Ida
Published: January 2018

Differences in biochemical composition in dehulled and pearled grain samples affected by the various degrees of pearling were studied for spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Twelve covered spring barley and two hulless genotypes were examined. Commercial samples of pearled barley were included for comparison. Covered barley grain samples were pearled using a small-scale barley pearler to obtain dehulled and pearled barley grain products with pearling percentage of 12% and 30%, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the chemical composition between dehulled grain and pearled grain. As the outer layers of the covered grain were removed to a greater degree by pearling, crude protein content, crude ash, total phenolic concentration and radical scavenging activity in the pearled grain significantly decreased (p < 0.001), while starch concentration increased, without changes in the β-glucans concentration. The concentration of phenolic compounds in the dehulled barley grain samples were 1.30 to 1.61 times higher than for pearled grains. There was a significant (p < 0.01) correlation determined among values of dehulled and pearled grain of different barley genotypes in crude protein, starch, and β-glucan content, but no relationship was found in total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity.
Ultra-High Temperature Effect on Bioactive Compounds and Sensory Attributes of Orange Juice Compared with Traditional Processing
Authors: Zvaigzne Gaļina , Kārkliņa Daina , Moersel Joerg-Thomas , Kuehn Sasha , Krasnova Inta , Segliņa Dalija
Published: January 2018

Orange juices are an important source of bioactive compounds. Because of its unique combination of sensory attributes and nutritional value, orange juice is the world’s most popular fruit juice. Orange (Citrus sinensis) juice of Greek Navel variety was used in this study. The impact of Conventional Thermal Pasteurisation (94 °C/30') (CTP) and alternative Ultra-High Temperature (UHT) (130 °C/2') processing on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity changes of fresh Navel orange juice was investigated. Sensory attributes of processed juices were evaluated. Results showed that using technologies CTP and UHT orange juice Navel significantly changed vitamin C concentration in comparison with fresh orange juice. The highest concentration of antioxidants (vitamin C, total phenols, hesperidin and carotenoids) was observed in orange juice Navel produced by UHT technology. Sensory results indicated that characteristics of the orange juice obtained using UHT technology were more liked than the CTP heat treated juice. UHT technology emerges as an advantageous alternative process to preserve bioactive compounds in orange juice.
Concentration of Potentially Toxic Elements in Various Berries Grown in Allotment Gardens of Rīga City, Latvia
Authors: Vincēviča-Gaile Zane , Varakājs Dāvis
Published: January 2018

Concentration of trace and major elements is an important indicator of nutritional value of food, also regarding cultivated food crops like fruits, berries, and vegetables. Concentration of elements differs regionally and is influenced by various factors. Nevertheless, some chemical elements (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, etc.) are known as environmental pollutants and may affect the quality and safety of crops and food products. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of potentially toxic elements like Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn in samples of berries grown in allotment gardens of Rīga city. Dried and homogenised samples of raspberries, strawberries, red currants, black currants, gooseberries, and cherries were mineralised in a solution of concentrated HNO3/H2O2by heating on a thermoblock. Quantitative analysis of sample solutions was performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Potentially toxic elements were in concentrations as follows: Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr > Cd. Mean concentrations of the elements of the major concern were: Ni 0.54 mg/kg, Pb 0.20 mg/kg, Cr 0.10 mg/kg, and Cd 0.03 mg/kg. Results indicated significant variability of element concentration among the species.
Effect of Addition of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) on the Quality of Protein Bread
Authors: Sayed-Ahmad Bouchra , Straumīte Evita , Šabovics Mārtiņš , Krūma Zanda , Merah Othmane , Saad Zeinab , Hijazi Akram , Talou Thierry
Published: January 2018

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) is an aromatic plant belonging to Apiaceae family widely cultivated elsewhere for its strongly flavoured leaves and seeds. Fennel seeds are of particular interest as a rich source of both vegetable and essential oils with high amounts of valuable components. However, residual cakes after oil extraction were typically considered as byproducts, in the present framework, the potential added value of these cakes was studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of addition of fennel cake and seeds to protein bread quality. In the current research, a single-screw extruder, which is a solvent-free technique, was used for fennel seed oil extraction. For the protein bread making, fennel seed and cake flour in concentrations from 1 to 6% were used. Moisture, colour L*a*b*, hardness, total phenolic concentration, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and nutritional value of protein bread were determined. The addition of fennel cake and seeds had significant (p < 0.05) effect on bread crumb colour and hardness attribute, whereby the bread became darker and harder in texture than the control. Moreover, higher antioxidant activity and total phenolic concentration were observed for both protein breads enriched with fennel cake and seed flour. The overall results showed that addition of fennel cake and seed had beneficial effects on phenolic concentration, antioxidant activity and quality of protein bread. This result suggests also that added value of fennel seeds oil by-products could be increased by their utilisation in bread production.
Antioxidant Properties of Camelina sativa Oil and Press-Cakes
Authors: Mieriņa Inese , Adere Laura , Krasauska Klinta , Zoltnere Elīna , Skrastiņa Dārta Zelma , Jure Māra
Published: January 2018

Camelina sativa is well known due to high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in its oil. Till now this oil has been studied mainly for applications as raw material for synthesis of resins, biodiesel and hydrocarbon fuels. This study examines the oxidative stability of cold-pressed Camelina sativa (also known as camelina, false flax or gold-of-pleasure) oil and its extracts of spices. Despite the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, Camelina sativa oil appeared more rigid against oxidation than rapeseed or flax oil. Extracts of different spices were prepared by maceration in camelina oil at room temperature for 24 h. The stability of extracts was determined under accelerated oxidation conditions and monitored by peroxide values. Most of the tested additives (e.g., bay leaves, allspice, clove, barley sprouts, coriander, ginger) did not influence or even decreased oxidative stability of the oil. However, oil with thyme additive demonstrated remarkably higher stability then Camelina sativa oil alone. Press-cakes of camelina seeds were extracted with two polar solvents (ethanol or water) and their mixtures under variable conditions (room temperature or reflux). Prepared polar extracts of press-cakes were characterised by total polyphenol content (Folin–Ciocalteu method) and antiradical activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl and galvinoxyl.
Fundamental Aspects of Evaluation in the Context of Enhancing the Quality of the Educational Act
Authors: Palea Lucia-Larissa , Boştină-Bratu Simona , Negoescu Alina
Published: January 2018

Evaluation is a very complex process, which involves a continuous effort to reduce subjectivity from the evaluation procedure in giving grades, scores, marks, percentages etc. The assessment of the instructional process is a controversial topic due to the human factor involved in this process of valorization of learning outcomes. The issue in question breeds discussions on morality, since the future of the testees depends on the facts of examination and of the factually proved objectivity. Evaluation is therefore a pedagogical concept that transcends the definition of measure and the appreciation of the students’ performance. It refers to the process of determining and assessing learning outcomes by revealing the contribution of each resource in the teaching-learning process. The purpose of this paper is to point out some of the major elements of the evaluation process in the context of enhancing the quality of the educational act.
Risk of Interest Rates at the Level of Commercial Banks in Romania
Authors: Sbârcea Ioana Raluca
Published: January 2018

The banking system in Romania is a banking system under development, subject to fluctuations that exist on the market more than on more developed banking systems, fluctuations that can generate losses for banks if they are not properly managed. The losses that may be generated by these fluctuations, known as market risk, refer to the significant fluctuations in three indicators, namely the interest rate, the exchange rate and the asset price. In this article, I will analyse the interest rate risk from a conceptual point of view and the indicators that mitigate this risk. The analysis also contains a study of this risk among commercial banks in the system to highlight the level of risk and possible effects of its manifestation. I calculated and analysed the interest rate risk indicators, individually for the first three banks in the system, but also to comparatively, in order to highlight the existing differences.
Shielding Efficiency of a Fabric Based on Amorphous Glass-Covered Magnetic Microwires to Radiation Emitted by a Mobile Phone in 2G and 3G Communication Technologies
Authors: Miclăuş Simona , Mihai George , Aron Angel Marian , Mitrescu Cristian , Bechet Paul , Baltag Octavian
Published: January 2018

A dual band mobile phone model was used to check the shielding properties of an amorphous ferromagnetic textile against the radiation emitted by the handset. Two frequencies belonging to the 2nd and 3rd generation of mobile emission technologies were used, 897 MHz and 1950 MHz. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of energy deposition in a human head phantom was measured in standardized conditions. The textile contained micrometric-diameter wires of a ferromagnetic mixture embedded in a thin glass coat and weaved in a specific way. A set of fabric orientations and configurations (layering) were provided in the experiment in order to achieve a better shielding to the phone’s radiation. Compared with the non-shielded handset, SAR deposited in the head while using the fabric-covered phone could be decreased up to 30 % of its initial value – in case of 2G technology and up to 24 % – in case of 3G technology. This type of material shows one of the highest shielding efficiencies of the electric-field component in near-field exposure conditions reported until now. A cubic curve of SAR decrease in depth of the head was revealed in both uncovered and covered handset, the effect of shielding being larger at the higher frequency.
Accuracy Assessment in Determining the Location of Corners of Building Structures Using a Combination of Various Measurement Methods
Authors: Krzyżek Robert , Przewięźlikowska Anna
Published: January 2018

When surveys of corners of building structures are carried out, surveyors frequently use a compilation of two surveying methods. The first one involves the determination of several corners with reference to a geodetic control using classical methods of surveying field details. The second method relates to the remaining corner points of a structure, which are determined in sequence from distance-distance intersection, using control linear values of the wall faces of the building, the so-called tie distances. This paper assesses the accuracy of coordinates of corner points of a building structure, determined using the method of distance-distance intersection, based on the corners which had previously been determined by the conducted surveys tied to a geodetic control. It should be noted, however, that such a method of surveying the corners of building structures from linear measures is based on the details of the first-order accuracy, while the regulations explicitly allow such measurement only for the details of the second- and third-order accuracy. Therefore, a question arises whether this legal provision is unfounded, or whether surveyors are acting not only against the applicable standards but also without due diligence while performing surveys? This study provides answers to the formulated problem. The main purpose of the study was to verify whether the actual method which is used in practice for surveying building structures allows to obtain the required accuracy of coordinates of the points being determined, or whether it should be strictly forbidden. The results of the conducted studies clearly demonstrate that the problem is definitely more complex. Eventually, however, it might be assumed that assessment of the accuracy in determining a location of corners of a building using a combination of two different surveying methods will meet the requirements of the regulation [MIA, 2011), subject to compliance with relevant baseline criteria, which have been presented in this study. Observance of the proposed boundary conditions would allow for frequent performance of surveys of building structures by surveyors (from tie distances), while maintaining the applicable accuracy criteria. This would allow for the inclusion of surveying documentation into the national geodetic and cartographic documentation center database pursuant to the legal bases.
Detecting changes in linear regression models with skew normal errors
Authors: Said Khamis K. , Ning Wei , Tian Yubin
Published: January 2018

In this article, we discuss a linear regression change-point model with skew normal errors. We propose a testing procedure, based on a modified version of the Schwarz information criterion, which is named the modified information criterion (MIC) to locate change points in such a linear regression model. Due to the difficulty of derivation of the asymptotic null distribution of the associated test statistic analytically, the empirical critical values at different significance levels are approximated through simulations. Simulations have also been conducted under different changes among parameters of interest with various sample sizes to investigate the performance of the proposed test. Such a procedure has been applied on a NASA data to illustrate the detecting process.
Influence of Main Macroeconomic Factors on the Level of Employment on Different Size Enterprises – The Evidence from the Sector of Transportation and Storage
Authors: Mielcova Elena
Published: January 2018

The main aim of this paper is to verify the hypothesis that the shift in levels of main macroeconomic variables – in this case in levels of GDP and exports – cause shift of employment levels in private sector, and this change is different for smaller enterprises than for “big players”. Calculated estimation will be presented on data from the sector of transportation and storage for four countries – the Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, Poland and Slovakia for the period 2005-2014, which cover the economic crisis in 2008. Countries were selected such that they cover both highly developed countries (Germany and Austria) and former Eastern Bloc countries (Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia) of the European Union placed in the close geographic area. Expected results would show different trends in employment levels for different types of enterprises in all countries.
Systematic Analysis of the Current Academic Research on Social Media Marketing
Authors: Klepek Martin
Published: January 2018

With the advent of social media where customers have the technical ability to upload own content the change occurred in some of the communication habits online. This world of constant communication is a challenge for businesses as well researchers. Academic research in this area is bringing valuable insights into people attitudes and behaviour on the social media. What is the current situation and where the research field is heading is a question of high importance. This study uses the systematic approach to reviewing the literature and to show the development of publications produced at Czech universities. Although the results show an increasing number of studies, Czech research is lagging behind other similar countries. Compared with the best countries, it is lagging behind in the number of quotations per article. On the basis of these analyses, suggestions for future research that can help to promote future theory development are proposed.
The Critical Analysis of Profit for its Allocation Decision-Making
Authors: Pakšiová Renáta
Published: January 2018

The decrease of the business property can cause a reduction in the production ability of the enterprise to the extent causing an involuntary closing of business activities. It is usually caused not only by the reported loss, but also by the greater distribution of profits, as is the amount of the real level of the enterprise's distributable profit. A thorough analysis of the reported accounting profit described in this paper should be the starting point for the allocation of profit. It is important to be able to identify and assign a portion of the accounting profit, corresponding to the non-realised profit and fictitious profit, where eventual release outside the enterprise threatens the future performance of the enterprise. These portions of the reported profit do not correspond to the actually made, realised and real production, which is a necessary condition to achieve a real profit to possible safety division to investors.
A Transgressive Approach Towards Agritectural Space – The Idea of Agricultural-Urban Use Settlements
Authors: Kleszcz Justyna
Published: January 2018

The article aims at presenting the phenomenon of transgression of the modern urban space through the formation of new spatial units defining the city in relation to its productive sphere. Due to the gradual departure from the notion of an enclosed city to one that is open and connected to the form of the surrounding countryside, the problem of defining a new notion of modern urban-rural space emerged. One of the first manifestations of this phenomenon is the emergence of new forms of housing that combine urban features with food production. Analysis of examples such as EVA-Laxmeer in Culemborg, Agromere in Almere, Cannery in Davis, Detroit and Philadelphia allowed for the verification of architectural and planning concepts related to urban values as a form of urban development of new agricultural forms. These phenomena can be understood both as a process of tearing the compact tissue of a city or, in the case of a less orthodox approach towards the built environment, as a process of network layering towards self-sufficiency of various structural, functional, energy-related and food production related characters within the unfavourable external conditions.
al-Madīnah or la ville? An architectural & urban “clash of civilizations” – the example of the city of Algiers
Authors: Kobis Rafał
Published: January 2018

The main aim of author was to present the specific features of the architecture and urbanisation of Algiers – the capital of Algeria. The history of the city was marked by two great periods: Muslim domination (especially from the 15th century) and French colonialism (in the years 1830 – 1962). Both of these have left behind numerous traces of architectural and urbanistic thought. The material effect of French domination is the architecture of modern Algiers, which took the form of a French ville, similar to Paris, Lyon or Marseille. On the other hand, the architecture of Algiers also includes the old Arab district – Casbah, that resembles the cities of the Middle East (Madīnah in Arabic), like Istanbul, Cairo or Damascus. Both architectural traditions give the city of Algiers a cosmopolitan and universal character. The threat to the peculiar coexistence of these traditions is the progressive migration from the countryside to the city, which results in the expansion of area of slums, called bidonvilles.
Fused thia-heterocycles via isothiocyanates. Part II. A convenient synthesis of some new thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-4-one derivatives
Authors: El-Agha Lana Z. , El-Abadelah Mustafa M. , Kamal Marwan R. , Sabri Salim S. , Al-As’ad Randa M. , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: January 2018

A facile synthesis of some methyl 5-(arylamino)-4-oxothieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-6-carboxylates 6a–g is achieved via direct reaction of deprotonated methyl 3-(2,5-dichlorothien-3-yl)-3-oxopropanoate with aryl isothiocyanates in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) under reflux. Upon saponification of 6a,b, the ester group is eliminated, most logically via decarboxylation of the presumably-formed carboxyl group. Structures of the new compounds 6a–g and 7a,b are supported by microanalytical and spectral [NMR, MS electron impact (EI) and HRMS] data.
THE IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS ON CREATIVE INDUSTRIES PERFORMANCE
Authors: Mulyana Mulyana , Sutapa Sutapa
Published: January 2018

            Creative industries significantly contribute to Indonesia economic development. There are many problems faced especially in improving innovation capabilities and competitive advantages. This study proposes to examine the effect of collaborative networks and entrepreneurial orientation to innovation capabilities, competitivee advantage and performance. Some creative industries located at several cities in the Central Java Province. Sampling methods used in this study is purposive sampling and data is analyzed by the multiple linier regressions. The result of this study shows that entrepreneurial orientation significantly affects both the innovation capability and performance. Collaborative networks significantly affects both the innovation capability and competitive advantage. Furthermore, the result shows that entrepreneurial orientation, innovation capability and competitive advantage significantly affect the performance. Nevertheless, it shows that collaborative networks do not significantly affect the performance.