bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epistemic Paternalism: From the “Classical” to the Libertarian Version?
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation, Khmelevskaya Svetlana , Yablokova Natalia ,   Moscow State Technological University “STANKIN”, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

The subject of the research in this article is epistemic paternalism, considered from the perspective of social epistemology. The research methodology uses methods of socio-philosophical cognition (systemic, functional, informational, etc.). The article substantiates the idea that, despite the variable assessments of epistemic paternalism, it has an objective basis for existence and in one form or another is reproduced in the processes of cognition, meaning the intervention of actors in the processes of cognition of individuals without their consent, but with the aim of bringing them benefi t. However, in many cases epistemic paternalism is diffi cult to distinguish from paternalism in general. A number of conditions must be fulfi lled to distinguish epistemic paternalism from general paternalism. But even in this case it is important: who implements such an intrusion, for what purpose and to what results it leads. The variant of epistemic libertarian paternalism seems preferable, although it could not avoid drawbacks. The question is: can the choice made by an individual in the process of cognition, based on given epistemic conditions, be considered truly free, and can he himself be considered an autonomous subject of cognition? This variant of paternalism largely corresponds to the concept of ‘nudging’, in which the creation of appropriate conditions ‘pushes’ the individual to a certain choice. At the same time, the following problems remain unresolved: who has the right to carry out this ‘nudge’, how to determine the true goals of such an intrusion and prevent malicious actions on the part of interventionists, etc.
To the Issue of Evaluating the Results of Research Work
Authors:   BTS Research Centre 12 Central Research Institute Ministry of Defence of Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Pavlov Andrey
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the assessment of the relevance of conducted scientific research using the indicators proposed by the author and their characterisation based on assigning appropriate weighting coefficients to each indicator. Terms and their new definitions characterising the relevance of the conducted research are proposed, while their essence and content are disclosed.
The object of the study is the result of research work (regardless of the subject area and research focus), the subject is the relevance of the obtained research results.
The research methodology is based on the method of analyzing the existing approaches to assessing the relevance of research results, as well as the experience of practical activities of the organisation in reviewing the results of research and development work.
In the course of the conducted research it was found that the issues of relevance of the results of research work are given much less importance than the relevance of the topic, purpose and objectives of research at the stage of development of tactical and technical (technical) task of research work. At the same time, in the course of reviewing the results of completed R&D work, the reviewer lacks methodological approaches to their adequate assessment.
According to the results of the conducted research, the criteria and conditions are defined, when fulfilled, it is considered appropriate to recognise the results of the conducted research as relevant. Practical recommendations on the use of the obtained research results as a basis for the methodology of assessing the relevance of the obtained results of research and development work are given.
Темпы снижения рождаемости возрастают по всему миру: ловушка низкой рождаемости всё вероятнее?
Authors: Кишенин Павел Андреевич , Зинина Ангелина Игоревна , Максимова Татьяна Андреевна
Published: January 2025

Целью исследования является анализ повышения вероятности реализации модели ловушки низкой рождаемости по сравнению с другими моделями конвергенции рождаемости. Для этого сделаны обзоры основных теоретических представлений в демографии об очень низкой рождаемости, описания типов и моделей конвергенции рождаемости, оценки некоторых последствий реализации этого прогнозного сценария.
В исследовании используется международная база данных Института измерения показателей и оценки здоровья (IHME) по странам и зависимым территориям. Нами был проведен общий анализ трендов коэффициента суммарной рождаемости за 2020-2025 гг.; сделаны расчеты скорректированного коэффициента суммарной рождаемости методом Бонгаартса-Фини за 2020-2025 гг.; проанализированы прогнозные оценки коэффициента суммарной рождаемости и итоговой рождаемости реальных поколений, выполненные ведущими международными организациями, занимающимися долгосрочным демографическим прогнозированием рождаемости (IHME, IIASA и Отдел народонаселения ООН).
Выявлено, что с начала 2010-х годов произошло резкое возрастание темпов снижения рождаемости во всех без исключения государствах мира. Часть этого снижения в демографически развитых государствах может объяснено через новую волну постарения рождаемости (tempo-effect), происходит и снижение интенсивности самого деторождения (quantum-effect). Это явным образом показывает резкое увеличение вероятности реализации ловушки низкой рождаемости.
Прогнозы рождаемости IHME, IIASA и Отдела народонаселения ООН 2023-2024 гг. отражают тенденцию все более активного использования модели ловушки низкой рождаемости при описании возможного будущего рождаемости во всех странах мира. Это дает серьезные основания, чтобы считать, что этот прогнозный сценарий может стать наиболее вероятным для реализации среди всех моделей конвергенции рождаемости.
«The Russian paradox»: high education/low human capital
Authors: Эберштадт Николас
Published: January 2025

Some aspects of contemporary Russia’s population profile — such as its depopulation and steady surfeit of deaths over births — once seemed distinctive, but are today increasingly common in both Europe and the UN’s other «developed regions». But other aspects still remain highly distinctive. We examine one of those here: we call it Russia’s «high education/low human capital paradox». Despite levels of schooling comparable to other European countries, and to developed countries in other regions, Russian adult mortality levels are no better than «Third World», and by some measures, actually look «Fourth World», e.g. in countries with the lowest level of socio-economic development. Furthermore, despite its sizeable cadre of highly educated men and women, Russia also appears to have serious problems with «knowledge creation». Projections suggest Russia’s working-age adult mortality profile will remain unfavorable for decades to come, and that Russia’s global share of highly educated manpower is set to decline over the coming generation. There are economic and potentially geopolitical implications to such trends. We conclude by noting similarities to Russia’s high education/high adult mortality elsewhere in the former Soviet space.
Chelex-based DNA extraction protocol for insect museum vouchers v1
Authors: Brown Morgan , Ottati Sara , Trivellone Valeria
Published: January 2025

Museum biorepositories preserve precious material for scientific research in several fields such as biodiversity, phylogenetics, population genetics, toxicology, environmental monitoring and pathology. About half of the 8.7 million described species on Earth are insects and harbor a diverse community of microorganisms representing different association types, such as parasitic, mutualistic, and commensal. Voucher specimens may play an important role in tracking insect-microbiome associations. Catalog records and voucher specimens are the primary source for: (1) tracking past associations and inferring evolutionary pathways; (2) documenting associations in no longer accessible collection sites; (3) revising the taxonomic status of the associates; (4) resampling the associations over time when new technologies become available. Here we present a non-destructive, fast, inexpensive, non-toxic protocol for DNA extraction from insect museum specimens with the aim to obtain high quality nucleic acid and sufficient yield for vector-borne pathogens detection, quantification and characterization.
Assessing The Hospital Financial Viability Index in Private Healthcare Sector in Borsa Istanbul
Authors: Dayı Faruk , Elderbag Ali
Published: January 2025

The uninterrupted continuation of operations in healthcare enterprises significantly depends on the efficient and effective utilization of financial resources. Since the health sector demands intensive capital and qualified labor, continuous assessment of financial performance is essential for maintaining financial sustainability. This study aims to evaluate the financial performance of healthcare enterprises. The variables include the current ratio, the ratio of operating expenses to operating revenues, the ratio of liabilities to total assets, and the Hospital Financial Viability Index (HFVI). The analysis was performed for the 2019-2023 period with the consolidated financial statement data of Lokman Hekim, MLP, NASMED, and TAPDI enterprises traded in Borsa Istanbul. The findings indicate that the financial performances of health enterprises vary. NASMED and TAPDI enterprises do not experience financial difficulties, whereas Lokman Hekim and MLP enterprises experience financial difficulties during specific periods. It is recommended that health enterprises implement measures to improve their financial structures.
Optimization Methods and Routing Algorithm in Transport Logistics
Authors:   SMTU, Ivanova L. N. , Ivanov S. E. ,   ITMO University
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the key optimization and planning methods used for transport logistics. An algorithm using graph models for the formation of optimal transportation routes, taking into account the main logistical factors, is considered. In contrast to the classical routing problem for transport logistics, the authors use multifactorial assessment and adap-tive heuristics in the presented work. The heuristics proposed by the authors takes into account not only the distance, but also important logistic parameters, such as fuel costs and the time of passage of the route section. The applied mul-tifactorial assessment allows us to build a refined graph model and obtain optimal routes that take into account many factors, which increases efficiency, reduces costs and delivery time. The problem of multi-criteria route optimization solved by the authors has practical application for routing the delivery of goods from large marketplaces to pick-up points taking into account many factors. To solve the problem, the authors present a multi-factor route optimization method A* with adaptive heuristics. For instrumental support of logistics systems in the object-oriented programming language C#, an algorithm is implemented in the form of a library. The developed algorithm and software allow solving problems of optimization, planning and development of the transport and logistics services sector.
Combined Method of Release Planning in Agile Teams Based on Genetic Algorithms
Authors:   ITMO University, Ardatovsky M. I. , Maximova T. G. ,   ITMO University
Published: January 2025

The paper analyzes the practices of release planning and task allocation in agile project management using multi-criteria optimization methods and genetic algorithms. A combined method that solves the problem of selecting re-quirements for release (Next Release Problem) based on NSGA-II algorithm and optimization of task scheduling con-sidering resource constraints and sequence of stages (Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem) is developed. The peculiarities of using DEAP library in Python to implement evolutionary computations are described, as well as the use of NumPy library to accelerate vector operations and Matplotlib to visualize the results. The architecture of the software solution is presented, including modular code organization and integration of custom heuristics for building optimal schedules. The description of utility, risk and penalty functions for dependency violations and resource con-straints is given, as well as the application of crossover and mutation methods for dictionary structures of schedules. Iterative optimization linking the stages of epics selection and schedule construction to reach a stable optimum is shown. Experimental validation confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach as it achieves utility maximiza-tion of the set of epics, minimization of penalties and idle time of employees in constructing optimal schedules. The developed system is applicable for complex release scheduling in Agile teams and forms the basis for further research in agile project management and resource optimization.
Restructuring and Reforming Organizations for Orphans and Children Left without Parental Care: from a Variety of Forms of Organization to a Unified Model
Authors: Semya G.V. , Lashkul M.V. , Yarovikova O.A. , Merkul I.A.
Published: January 2025

The system of institutions for children left without parents exists all over the world, and according to researchers, there are more children in institutionalized conditions in high-income countries. In Russia, over the past twenty years, there have been significant changes in the situation of orphans and children left without parental care — the number of students in organizations has decreased by about 5-6 times (from 180 thousand in 2006 to 32 thousand in 2024), and accordingly, the number of organizations for them has tripled. The living conditions have improved significantly: small to 8 people. groups in conditions close to family conditions; receiving education outside the organization. The article describes the results of an analysis of legislation and state policy in the field of prevention of social orphanhood, which made it possible to identify the goals and stages of restructuring and reforming organizations for orphans and children left without parental care. Conducted a survey of heads of organizations for orphans and children left without parental care (N=173 people out of 63 subjects of the Russian Federation), it was possible to identify and describe five models of organizations in the regions, their readiness for further broader restructuring of the system of organizations for different categories of children in need of state protection and assistance.
Emigrantes asturianos en los inicios del sector eléctrico regional. Donaciones e inversión empresarial (1890-1930) / Asturian emigrants in the beginnings of the regional electricity sector. Donations and business investment (1890-1930)
Authors: Prieto Fernández del Viso José Manuel
Published: January 2025

Son muchas las consecuencias del gran movimiento migratorio asturiano hacia América. Una de ellas ha sido la aportación de los emigrados a la modernización regional mediante el impulso de la educación, la sanidad, los transportes, el suministro eléctrico o los abastecimientos de agua, siendo su actividad especialmente relevante en las zonas rurales de Asturias. Tal vez, unos de los aspectos menos conocidos de esta actuación de los americanos sea su participación en el desarrollo del sector eléctrico asturiano, especialmente relevante entre 1890 y 1910, momento en el que se iniciaba la implantación de la electricidad en la región, y periodo en el que se ha detectado la participación de emigrantes en casi el 50% de las empresas que se constituyeron en Asturias con el fin de producir electricidad.
Representing the Woman: The Modern Subject in Quest of Mastery in The Arrow of Gold by Joseph Conrad
Authors: Sokołowska Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

Conrad’s last novel The Arrow of Gold (1919) not only dramatizes the intricate relationship between the protagonist, Monsieur George, and Doña Rita, but it also brings into focus the modern subject’s endeavour to exert control through the representation and objectification of women, ultimately perpetuating the oppressive discourse of patriarchy. George, a young seaman involved in gun-running for the followers of Don Carlos, the pretender to the Spanish throne, develops desire for Rita. His attitude towards Rita defines him as the subject who seeks to appropriate her by objectifying and transforming her into visual representation. The feminist critique of the modern subjectivity, heir to the Cartesian cogito rooted in the the mind/body dichotomy, points to its significant role in providing the conceptual framework which justifies women’s subservient position. According to Elizabeth Grosz, the mind/body dichotomy, which the narrator relies on to construct Rita’s representation, accounts for the emergence of somatophobia involving the disavowal of the female body as the locus of irrational impulses and, therefore, the source of women’s inferiority. Thus, George’s representation of Rita is marked by the tendency to subordinate the female body to discipline and constraints as well as to desubstantialize her by reducing her to a spectral vision. Although Conrad never declared the intention to speak up for the cause of feminism, yet in The Arrow of Gold he exposes the dichotomous conceptual framework that limits Rita’s autonomy and legitimizes the male subject’s will to mastery.
Critical Discourse Analysis of People’s Daily and the New York Times’ Headlines on the Beijing Winter Olympics
Authors: Xu Yingjie
Published: January 2025

This paper examined the headlines of the Chinese newspaper, People’s Daily, and the American newspaper, the New York Times, about the Beijing Winter Olympics in 2022. To investigate the possible ideological biases of news headlines, this paper performs corpus-based critical discourse analysis. It hypothesizes that Chinese media will use positive strategies to report the event, whereas American media will maintain a neutral stance. Fairclough’s three-dimensional analysis model and sentiment analysis tools via Google apps were applied to analyze news headlines of the two newspapers. With “Beijing Winter Olympics” as the keyword, People’s Daily generated 261 results and a sentiment score of 60.2 whereas the New York Times produced 235 results and a sentiment score of 0.1 from February 3 to 20, 2022. The analysis reveals that People’s Daily predominantly uses positive language and active voice, frequently quoting authoritative figures to reinforce the success and international approval of the Beijing Winter Olympics. Notable features include a high frequency of positive words, reinforce China’s high-power position in the sentence structure. Conversely, the New York Times presents a more balanced perspective, with both positive and negative sentiments. It often employs passive voice and indirect language to highlight controversies and challenges, such as human rights issues and the political implications of the Games. The New York Times’ headlines also exhibit the use of metaphors and euphemisms to subtly convey skepticism about China’s intentions. The conclusion of this study is that People’s Daily is committed to establishing and maintaining the image of a strong and capable Chinese government, while the New York Times, although striving for journalistic objectivity, still exposes ideological differences towards China, which also reflects the geopolitical tensions between China and the United States.
Racism, Black Identity and Historical Trauma - an Analysis of Marvel’s Comic Book Series “The Panther v. The Klan”
Authors: Kałużna Zuzanna
Published: January 2025

Black Panther is a character created by the Marvel Comics publishing house in 1966, widely recognized as the first black superhero of mainstream American pop culture. This thesis examines the revolutionary significance of Black Panther to American society through an analysis of his first stories, with a particular focus on the storyline of “The Panther v. The Klan” (1976). The object of the research of this paper is to demonstrate the deeper message and relevant socio-political issues of the 1970s, also reflected in the present day, in selected comic strips from Don McGregor’s “Jungle Action” series. The purpose of this paper is to examine the significance of Black Panther for American pop culture in the context of racism, black identity, and historical trauma. To achieve it, the following paper subjects primary sources, in this case, four comic book issues, as well as other available cultural texts, to critical analysis consistent with the methodology in qualitative terms. The study demonstrated the timelessness of the subject matter analyzed and confirmed the role of the Black Panther as a political symbol.
The Representation of Refugee Experiences in Christy Lefteri’s The Beekeeper of Aleppo (2019)
Authors: Khazne Yasser
Published: January 2025

This paper explores The Beekeeper of Aleppo (2019) by Christy Lefteri as a work of historical fiction that shifts the focus from general informative narratives to universal humanitarian experiences, emphasizing the individual lives of refugees rather than dehumanizing statistics or generic representations. By interweaving stories of Syrian refugees Nuri and Afra with those of refugees from diverse nationalities, Lefteri underscores the shared resilience and suffering of displaced individuals worldwide. The novel critiques stereotypical portrayals of refugees, presenting a nuanced depiction of their virtues and flaws, while dismantling simplistic binary distinctions of "good" and "bad" refugees.

Through the use of detailed personal narratives, Lefteri contrasts the reductive coverage of refugees in news media and historical accounts, which often focus on numbers and geopolitical implications rather than individual experiences. The novel's vivid depictions of traumatic events, such as harrowing sea crossings and encounters with smugglers, highlight the refugees' emotional and psychological struggles, fostering empathy and understanding in readers. By bringing to light the complexities of refugees' decisions and the humanity behind their journeys, Lefteri moves beyond the confines of traditional historical and journalistic narratives, encouraging readers to see refugees not as faceless masses but as individuals with unique stories.

This study points out the role of historical fiction in bridging the gap between the factual and the personal, revealing how art and literature can humanize historical events and challenge preconceived notions. The findings emphasize the power of storytelling in encouraging empathy and reshaping public perceptions of humanitarian crises, with implications for how societies engage with displaced populations.
A Comparative Study on Persian and American Proverbs Including Double Main Perception Verbs
Authors: Sharifrad Arezoo
Published: January 2025

The investigation delves into the essence of both Persian and American proverbs. Examining embodiment proverbs from Persian and American cultures, this study aimed to focus on verbs associated with five main perception senses. The objective of this study was to find embodiment-related proverbs from both cultural perspectives, striving to present a comparative analysis. The data were sourced from the Persian Dictionary of Proverbs, authored by Jamshidipour (1968), and the Dictionary of American Proverbs, authored by Wolfgang Mieder (1992). The data were analyzed to ascertain the prevalence, speech function, grammatical construction, and conceptual framing of these proverbs. Upon analyzing the collected data, Persian proverbs were framed within both ‘loss-framing’ and ‘gain-framing’. However, American proverbs predominantly featured ‘loss-framing’ and ‘avoidance-framing’. While the most grammatical construction of Persian proverbs is declarative sentences, the grammatical construction of American proverbs has more variety. In terms of speech function, both Persian and American proverbs primarily served as statements and indirect advice. Finally, the study concluded that the verbs ‘see’ and ‘hear’ held the highest frequency of usage among perception verbs within Persian and American proverbs.
The language of manipulation: A multimodal discourse analysis of mainstream news media and fake news websites
Authors: Mikulas Martin
Published: January 2025

In the contemporary digital media landscape marked by the presence of disinformation and fake news, the aim of this study is to perform a comparative analysis of mainstream news media and fake news websites, and to identify the multimodal resources characteristic of them. In particular, the study focuses on newsbits and newsbites, which comprise clusters of headlines, leads, hyperlinks, and images (Knox 2007), because they arguably represent the most salient features of any news websites. A representative corpus of newsbits and newsbites was compiled from mainstream news media and fake news websites that meet the criteria of such websites defined in the study. In total, 8 newsbites and newsbits were collected from 2 mainstream news media and 2 fake news websites. The study primarily draws on Bednarek and Caple’s (2012) approach to news discourse, which affords ways to perform a complex multimodal analysis of text and image, as well as explores the concepts of news values, parameters of evaluation, text-image relations, and communicative functions of images. As the primary objective of newsbits and newsbites is to entice readers to read the full article, the creation of compelling newsbits and newsbites is the shared goal of both mainstream news media and fake news websites, even though their broader objectives or ethical standards may not align. The manipulative impact of linguistic modes is more pronounced in the case of fake news websites because they rely on attracting clicks through controversial evaluations or alternate perspectives of some existing news. On the other hand, mainstream news media create more engaging and clickable newsbits and newsbites with higher emotional pull via the interplay of text and real-life images.
Scarcity Poetics: Christian Bök’s Eunoia and the Economics of Literary Value
Authors: Kvas Kevin
Published: January 2025

Christian Bök’s Canadian bestseller Eunoia (2001) is an ideal study in how the romantic notion of literary value actually abides economic theories. Eunoia is a collection of five prose-poems each written using only one vowel grapheme (A, E, I, O, or U). These arbitrary material production constraints work just like economic sanctions, artificially inflating the scarcity—and hence value—of the text, both commercially and literarily. Discourse analysis of surrounding debates reveals that detractions and praises alike abide the same basic supply-and-demand logic: e.g., economic theories of (relative) marginal utility, as applied by Lee Erickson in The Economy of Literary Forms (1996). Building on Erickson’s thesis of how publication media costs shaped literary form and content, on Mary Poovey’s history of literary value’s origin in economic value, and on other efforts to combine literary study with economics, this essay applies economic theory to a rare opportunity to generalize the relation of literary material, form, and content. Conclusively, scarcity poetics/tactics are not just unique to Eunoia, but fundamental to all literary form. Eunoia’s extreme manipulation of linguistic materials isolates the general mechanism by which literary value is produced.
Organizational and Legal Aspects of Credit Cooperation Regulation in Ukraine
Authors: Ushkarenko Iuliia , Soloviov Andrii , Chmut Anna , Soloviov Nikita , Maslak Nataliia
Published: January 2025

The war in Ukraine made its adjustments in the development of various spheres of human activity, including the agricultural sector of the economy. The historical experience of many developed countries shows that credit cooperation can be a tool to ensure uninterrupted access to credit and financial resources of agricultural producers. However, further development of the credit cooperative system requires the solution of a number of problematic issues of organizational and legal nature, which is the main purpose of this study. The article is research in its nature and aims to highlight the role of credit cooperation in solving rural problems, disclosing the mechanism and principles of state regulation and market self-regulation of credit cooperation, identifying organizational and legal issues that hinder the development of credit cooperation in Ukraine and ways to overcome them.
Addressing the Spatial Shortcomings of Agricultural Land Use: Legal Aspects and Obstacles
Authors: Fedorchuk Mykhaylo , Popov Andriy , Fedorchuk Valentyna
Published: January 2025

The article presents a multifaceted analysis of the legal norms of the Law of Ukraine No. 2498-VIII on the elimination of spatial shortcomings of agricultural land use through the procedure of formation of agricultural land. Solving the problem of farmland patchwork is relevant and very important for agricultural producers. The problem of practical implementation of legal norms of the Law of Ukraine No. 2498-VIII was revealed through the analysis of the procedure for the formation of agricultural land, establishing the essence of legal norms on the exchange of land use rights within the relevant array and identification of legal gaps in the legislation on impossibility elimination of shortcomings in agricultural land use. It was found that the main legal gaps of the Law of Ukraine No. 2498-VIII are: the lack of guarantees of equal rights of ownership and use of land within the array of agricultural land; ignoring consultations and involving broad stakeholders in cross-border elimination; neglect of the principle of transparency in the formation of an array of agricultural land; lack of provisions on the responsibility and accountability of participants in this process. In the conditions of the agricultural land market, the legal norms of the Law of Ukraine No. 2498-VIII on the elimination of cross-strips and the organization of rational use of land have lost their relevance and are unviable. All this requires the development of new legislation on land consolidation.
Organizing the repatriation of Ukrainian prisoners of war from the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and Romania (1919)
Authors: Sribniak Milana
Published: January 2025

The article highlights the main activities of the Ukrainian Military and Sanitary Mission in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and analyzes the difficulties faced by its members due to the open pro-Russian views of the vast majority of Serbian authorities. As a result, it was forced to reorganize into an apolitical representative office of the Ukrainian Red Cross Society, which, despite all the obstacles of A. Denikin’s diplomatic agents, found opportunities to provide limited consular and humanitarian assistance to Ukrainian repatriates. Under the pressure of political circumstances, the mission was forced to move its headquarters to Romania, where an extensive infrastructure was created to support the repatriation process of Ukrainian POWs. However, the complication of the military and political situation in the UPR at the end of 1919 and the inability to provide funding for the mission’s work led to its ultimate liquidation.
First reactions of the member states of the Collective Security Treaty Organization on the Russian Federation invasion in Ukraine
Authors: Filkowska Filkowska
Published: January 2025

The Collective Security Treaty Organization is a military alliance whose main goal is to guarantee the stability and sovereignty of member states and to consolidate regional security. Pursuant to the Collective Security Treaty, in the event of a threat to the integrity and stability of one of the member states, the organization is obliged to undertake consultations and activate mechanisms to eliminate this threat. However, the last few years have shown that the organization’s capabilities are used to a very limited extent. Moreover, the reaction of states to crises in the area of alliance showed a lack of unanimity and solidarity in the organization. This was also the case with the invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, which lasted from February 24th, 2022. This article presents the reaction of the CSTO member states to this event. What is more, the effects of the war on the organization as well as the prospects for its further functioning will be present. The main research question posed in the work is: What were the first reactions of the member states of the Collective Security Treaty Organization to the Russian Federation invasion in Ukraine? The research method used in this work is primarily content analysis.
‘Our Independence and Yours. On the 106th anniversary of the Independence Day of Poland and Latvia (11 and 18 November 1918)’. - project carried out by students and staff of the Faculty of Political Science and Journalism in Riga (Latvia).
Authors: Podgajna Ewelina , Kirwiel Eleonora
Published: January 2025

‘Our Independence and Yours. On the 106th anniversary of the Independence Day of Poland and Latvia (11 and 18 November 1918)’. - project carried out by students and staff of the Faculty of Political Science and Journalism in Riga (Latvia).
Mediatization of History: the Ukrainian Context
Authors: Szevchenko Olena
Published: January 2025

The article examines the phenomenon of mediatization, namely the mediatization of history, which is proposed to be considered as an increase in the role of traditional and new media in the creation, interpretation and dissemination of information about historical events of the past and the processes of the present, providing access to this information and formation at the personal, interpersonal and group levels interaction of the audience's attitude to historical events and modern facts. It is shown that the effectiveness of history mediatization technologies is explained by the powerful development of both traditional and new media. The author shows that the mediatization of history, on the one hand, has become a trend of the 21st century, when historical media projects are gaining more and more popularity and find their audience through documentaries, own documentary projects of TV channels, the Internet, social networks, YouTube, films on historical topics, and on the other hand, it is used as a tool of the political ideology of the state. A conclusion is made about the use of mediatization tools both for explaining historical events and facts and forming the civic position of the audience, and for falsifying the historical past, imposing false myths and stereotypes on the mass consciousness.
Prevention of Obesity in The Elderly Through Health Promotion Interventions: Literature Review
Authors: Salsabila Miranda Gracia , Ernawaty Ernawaty , Fauziah Indah Berliana
Published: January 2025

The incidence of obesity among the elderly is rising in many countries, including Indonesia. To address this issue, effective interventions are necessary to change lifestyle and dietary habits, such as through social marketing and health promotion initiatives for the elderly. Preventing obesity in this demographic through social marketing can involve educational campaigns, intervention programs, community empowerment, and collaboration with various stakeholders. This study aims to identify strategies to prevent obesity in the elderly through health promotion interventions. The study is a literature review following the PRISMA 2009 protocol. Articles were sourced from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases, focusing on those published in the last five years (2019 until 2024) and discussing obesity in the elderly. The search used keywords like "obesity," "elderly," "prevention," and "health promotion" with Boolean operators. Out of 98,447 articles found, only 8 met the inclusion criteria and were selected for further analysis. The review concluded that increasing awareness and preventing obesity in the elderly can be achieved through educational methods using various media, including print and audiovisual aids (AVA), health education, and regular check-ups.
Utilization of Organic Waste as Takakura Compost and Its Effect on The Growth of Chili Plants
Authors: Saputra Yusva Dwi
Published: January 2025

Garbage is still an environmental problem in Indonesia. One of the main causes of Indonesia's expanding waste problem is domestic garbage, of which 75 percent is organic waste. Although organic waste is easy to decompose, its accumulation can increase the greenhouse effect. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce organic waste. Takakura compost is one method of reducing organic waste that is not widely known. This experimental study was conducted to provide an overview of the Takakura composting method and its effect on the growth of chili plants. Composting uses an EM4 activator, and the variables observed in the composting process are described descriptively: temperature, pH, texture, odor, color, and humidity. The experimental plant variables were chili plant height in control and experimental groups, described descriptively and statistically tested with One-way ANOVA. The experimental group used in the compost produced followed the compost maturity parameters in SNI 19-7030-2004. The planting trial showed no effect between planting media added with compost and those that only used soil as growing media.
Targeting Safety: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in the Work of Wood Carving in Tunjungsekar, Malang City, Using the HIRADC Method
Authors: Sari Resti Novita , Pratama Awanda Putra , Hidayanti Maharani Rohma , Rosalinda Nadia , Kurnia Nurmila , Nisa' Shalma Khoirun , Sulistyorini Anita
Published: January 2025

The furniture industry in Tunjungsekar Subdistrict has become one of the leading industrial centers in Malang City, successfully boosting the local economy by employing 90 percent of the workforce. However, this industry faces productivity challenges due to an ergonomically unfavorable work environment. Therefore, practical actions and in-depth analysis are needed to improve the work environment issues. This study aims to identify hazards and assess risks associated with the work of wood carving artisans in Tunjungsekar, Malang City, using the HIRADC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control) method. Identification was carried out through direct observation and interviews with artisans, followed by analyzing hazards and risks at each stage of work using the HIRADC method with a 5 multiple 5 matrix. This research design uses a descriptive quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The identification and analysis results showed 33 potential hazards that could lead to 59 risks across all work stages. These 59 risks were categorized into low, medium, and high based on the potential hazard level and the extent of exposure. Several control recommendations were proposed based on the risk assessment results, which can be implemented to reduce or eliminate the risks experienced by the wood carving artisans in Tunjungsekar, Malang City.
Personal Competence Formation in Education: The Effectiveness of the Development and Use of Gamified Learning Based on the Metaverse
Authors:   Department of Educational Technology, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan, Khaleel Al-Said
Published: January 2025

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational method in the formation of student personal competence. The study also identifies differences in perception between students from megacities and regions of China and Russia. The authors analysed the students’ experience and knowledge in the field of gamification in the metaverse, as well as their perception of the metaverse as an educational tool. Accordingly, the research method is a survey based on the questionnaire “The Effectiveness of Using Virtual Video Metaverse-Based Games in Education” developed by the authors. The results of the study showed that more than half of the students rated the method of using virtual video games in the educational process as effective (45%) or very effective (35%). A correlational analysis and linear regression were conducted to assess the relationship between students’ satisfaction levels with the use of virtual video games in education and their perception of the effectiveness of this teaching method. Data were analyzed using a standard significance level of p < 0.05 to determine statistical significance. A high positive correlation was found between students’ satisfaction levels and their perception of the effectiveness of using virtual video games in education. The study also revealed that by using gamified learning in the educational process, students develop a variety of skills and gain new knowledge (46%). The results of this study suggest a high potential for the use of gamified learning (video games) in modern education. It is crucial to understand this potential and differences in perception between students from different regions to develop more effective educational programs based on socio-economic factors and increasingly available educational resources. The findings also necessitate further efforts in developing strategies to deal with barriers and limitations. There is an urgent need to optimize the use of metaverses in education according to local socio-cultural characteristics.
Levelling up Learning: Exploring Gamification Impact on Saudi Undergraduates’ Student Engagement in Higher Education
Authors:   School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Allehaidan Ahmed Freeh
Published: January 2025

Gamification and gamified systems have gained increasing attention in recent studies. Gamification can involve a range of elements, such as incorporating game-like features into software design and is not always limited to software products. This research examines the direct impact of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model’s components (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions) on attitudes toward using gamification and student engagement (specifically skill and participant engagement). The study also explores the moderating effect of student concentration on the relationship between attitudes toward gamification and student engagement. Data were collected from 306 undergraduate students attending public universities in Saudi Arabia. The findings demonstrate that all UTAUT components significantly influence attitudes toward gamification, and student concentration positively moderates the link between attitudes and engagement. These results contribute important insights for both theoretical and practical applications.
The New Normal in University Education after the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Morin Danielle , Hossaini Sara
Published: January 2025

The recent Coronavirus pandemic had serious impact on many aspects of our lives, and higher-education is not an exemption. In February 2020, more than half-way through the winter 2020 semester, university campuses closed and suddenly, all courses had to be offered virtually. With or without experience with online learning, professors had to quickly adapt to this new teaching environment. To everybody’ surprise, the situation lasted until the summer months of 2022. In September 2022, universities re-opened and in-class teaching resumed. However, there were signs that teaching and learning could not go back to the pre-pandemic settings. In this paper, using a survey instrument administered at the end of nine semesters in a graduate course in a Canadian business school; from pre-pandemic to post pandemic semesters, changes in attitudes towards Managerial Analytics, changes in perceptions towards learning, and changes in the levels of anxiety when facing different situations are identified. The new normal is assessed and found to differ from the pre-pandemic period in many aspects.
Exploration of Precise Ideological and Political Paths Based on Student Group Portraits of Colleges and Universities in the Era of Intelligent Media
Authors: Chen Xin
Published: January 2025

The era of intellectual media has a profound impact on the thought and behavior of college students, and brings new challenges to the Ideological and Political Education (IPE) in colleges and universities. This paper analyzes the characteristics of The Times, analyzes the construction of student group portrait from the multi-disciplinary theory and technical level, clarifies the dimension of portrait, and adopts the characteristic analysis method. Demonstrate the precise ideological and political feasibility based on the portrait, covering policy orientation, technical support, and practical cases. Thus, innovative strategies are put forward: accurately positioning the target content, innovating teaching methods, and constructing a collaborative education mechanism. The study found that precise thinking and politics can improve the effectiveness of education, but faced with technical and implementation difficulties. In the future, it is necessary to optimize the portrait technology, improve the education system, and deepen the coordination mechanism to promote the innovative development of IPE.
The Establishment and Identification of a Humanized EV71 Virus Infection Model in Neonatal Mice
Authors: Liang Guicai , Liu Lei , Ge Chunlei
Published: January 2025

Objective: To establish and validate a humanized EV71 (FY04-R5 C1-R4) virus infection model in neonatal BALB/c mice. Methods: The EV71 (FY04-R5 C1-R4) virus, propagated in RD cells (human rhabdomyosarcoma cells), was intraperitoneally injected into 1-day-old BALB/c neonatal mice. The mice were monitored for general condition, weight gain rate, histopathological changes, and the levels of VP1 mRNA and VP1 protein. The humanized EV71 virus infection model in neonatal mice was then characterized. Results: Compared with the control group, infected mice exhibited a significant decrease in body weight gain (p < 0.05). On day 3 post-infection, symptoms such as lethargy, reduced activity, and mental lethargy were observed. As the infection progressed, motor dysfunction in the hind limbs appeared, gradually worsening. By day 7, signs of ataxia, seizures, and hind limb paralysis were prominent. The levels of VP1 mRNA and VP1 protein in the brain and lung tissues of infected mice were significantly higher than those in the control group. Histological analysis revealed areas of necrosis and neuronal loss in the brain, and in the lung, thickening of the alveolar walls, enlarged and ruptured alveoli, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, including red blood cells. Conclusion: The intraperitoneal injection of EV71 (FY04-R5 C1-R4) virus successfully established a humanized EV71 infection model in neonatal BALB/c mice. This model provides an ideal platform for the study of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD).
Reform of Divorce Laws in China: Problems and Future
Authors: Chen Yu
Published: January 2025

Because of the rising divorce rate, the government has introduced policies to curb the rise in divorce rate. Therefore, this paper analyzes the reform of the divorce system, puts forward the problems of reform, and tries to provide solutions. In the introduction of the Civil Code, the divorce cooling-off period system was added, and the two major procedures of registered divorce and litigation divorce were reorganized. After the introduction of the system, many scholars have carried out research and put forward some suggestions on the revision of the divorce system such as the divorce cooling-off period. Through the analysis of this paper, it is found that there are three problems in the reform of the divorce system. To this end, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions.