bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of women with unsafe abortion in south-western Nigeria
Authors: Ayokunle Moses OLUMODEJI  , Taiwo Olufunmilayo KUKU-KUYE  , Olumide Emmanuel ADEWARA  , Idowu Oluwaseyi ADEBARA  , Adebayo Augustine ADENIYI  , Olabisi Timothy ADEYEMO  , Sunday Babatunde AWOYINKA  , Adewummi BAKARE  , Olumide Mojisola AYANKUNLE  , Ufuoma Oluwaseyi OLUMODEJI
Published: February 2023

Background: Unsafe abortion is within the five leading causes of maternal mortality in sub Saharan Africa. For every one death related to unsafe abortion, about 25 more women suffer significant morbidity from complications of abortion The aim is to highlight their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of women with unsafe abortion. Methodology: This was a 5-year retrospective cross-sectional study of 84 women managed for complications of unsafe abortion, at the Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, in South Western Nigeria. Socio-demographic, clinical and abortion related data were obtained from their medical records. Data obtained were expressed in descriptive statistics. Results: Unsafe Abortion accounted for 5.4% of gynaecological admission during the study period. The mean age of the women was 23.2years. They were majorly single (63%), nulliparous (50%) and had secondary level of education (39.3%). Of the 54 (64.3%) who were aware of modern contraceptive options, only 20.4% (11/54) had used contraception previously. About 57% (48/84) was having induced abortion for the first time. Not being ready for a child was the commonest (22.6%) reason provided for procuring abortion. About 85% (71/84) terminated their pregnancy in the first trimester with a mean gestational age of 10.1weeks. Dilatation and curettage was the commonest (56%) method employed. Sepsis and hemorrhage were the leading complications reported in 52.4% (44/84) and 40.5% (34/84) of the women respectively. The fatality rate observed was 2.4% (2/84). Conclusion: Young, single, nulliparous, lowly educated women with no knowledge and usage of modern contraceptive options were identified to have more commonly had unsafe abortion. Sepsis and hemorrhage were the leading associated complications.
Amylase from Streptococcus pyogenes inhibits biofilm formation in Streptococcus salivarius
Authors: Masaaki Minami  , Shunsuke Akahori  , Michio Ohta
Published: February 2023

Biofilms are extracellular constituents composed of polysaccharides and other substances necessary for bacteria to defend themselves against foreign enemies. Amylase of Streptococcus pyogenes is an enzyme that degrades polysaccharides and other substances and produces nutrients for invasion of epithelial cells. S. salivarius is an oral commensal bacterium that shows antibacterial activity against S. pyogenes. We investigated the relationship between S. pyogenes and S. salivarius to determine whether the amylase of S. pyogenes affects the biofilm of S. salivarius. The amyA gene-deficient strains were generated from S. pyogenes 1529 and MDYK strains, and the amylase production ability of the wild-type and gene-deficient strains were compared. Amylase production in mutant strain was significantly reduced compared to the wild-type strain. Next, the biofilm-forming ability of S. pyogenes was compared between wild-type and mutant strains, and significantly increased biofilm-forming ability was observed in the gene-deficient strains. Next, S. salivarius was cultured to create biofilms, and then wild-type and mutant strains of S. pyogenes were added to the culture. Significantly, the biofilms of S. salivarius with the gene-deficient strains were higher than those with the wild strains. As the biofilm-forming ability of S. salivarius co-cultured with S. pyogenes was compared, the biofilm-forming ability of S. salivarius co-cultured with the mutant strain of S. pyogenes was also significantly increased. These results were common findings for the 1529 and MDYK strains of S. pyogenes. Our results suggest that amylase from S. pyogenes inhibits biofilm formation in S. salivarius.
Neuroprotective effects of Apis dorsata forest honey on the neurons count in cerebrum and cerebellum of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to monosodium glutamate
Authors: Mohamad Kharis Suhud  , Widjiati Widjiati  , Rimayanti Rimayanti  , Thomas Valentinus Widiyatno  , Iwan Sahrial Hamid  , Rochmah Kurnijasanti  , Viski Fitri Hendrawan  , Epy Muhammad Luqman
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Monosodium glutamate or MSG can have an effect on increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. Apis dorsata forest honey is known to have higher antioxidant activity than Apis mellifera and Apis cerana honey. This study aims to determine the preventive effect of Apis dorsata honey on the number of pyramidal cerebrum neurons and purkinje cerebellum neurons of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to monosodium glutamate (MSG). Material and Methods: This study used 25 mice which were divided into 5 groups. In the K- group only aquadest was given. The K+ group was given 4mg/gBB of MSG. Groups P1, P2, and P3 given Apis dorsata honey at a dose of 53.82mg/20gBW, 107.64mg/20gBW, and 161.46mg/20gBW. All treatments were carried out orally for 52 days. Results: The results showed that the average number of cerebral pyramidal neurons in the K-, K+, P1, P2, and P3 groups was 12.24±0.607; 7.24±2.875; 12.48±1.513; 15.72±0.944; and 19.28±2.827. The mean number of purkinje cerebellar neurons was 4.8±1.456; 2.08±0.807; 3.08±1.035; 3.56±0.434; and 4.68±1.390. Discussion: The average number of pyramidal neurons and purkinje neurons in the group given preventive dose of Apis dorsata honey and exposed to MSG was higher and there is a significant difference compared to the group that was only exposed to MSG. It can be concluded that the administration of Apis dorsata honey can maintain the number of pyramidal cerebrum neurons and purkinje cerebellar neurons in mice exposed to MSG.
Mechanism of resistance of microorganisms to nickel compounds
Authors: Nikiforova Lidiya Osipovna  , Mousse Smail Rauf
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the research was to accumulate results proving the ability of biocenosis in natural water bodies and biological treatment facilities to maintain stability at nickel concentrations above the MPC up to 30% without reducing biomass growth. Studies have shown that microbial communities in the aquatic environment synchronize natural defense systems and are able to change the mechanisms of resistance. The complex formation of nickel with inorganic compounds and mixed-ligand complexes of conjugated bases of amino acids makes it possible to obtain three-dimensional spatial structures near the silt particle that bind nickel ions and thereby reduce its toxic effect.
Apresiasi Sastra dan Kemampuan Cipta Puisi Akrostik Mahasiswa Non Pendidikan Dasar Layanan Tutorial Online
Authors: Zainal M Arifin , Santiung Welly
Published: February 2023

Perilaku apresiasi sastra terdiri atas dua kegiatan, yaitu kegiatan langsung dan kegiatan tidak langsung. Apresiasi sastra secara langsung adalah kegiatan membaca atau menikmati cipta sastra berupa teks sastra atau performansi secara langsung. Apresiasi sastra secara tidak langsung berperan dalam mengembangkan kemampuan mengapresiasi sastra jika bahan bacaan tentang sastra yang ditelaahnya memiliki relevansi dengan kegiatan apresiasi sastra. Teknik akrostik dapat memudahkan dalam menulis kreatif puisi karena rangkaian bait-bait puisi dijembatani dengan kata kunci dalam setiap awal baris dan dapat membantu siswa mengingat informasi lebih cepat serta mempertahankan lebih lama,sehingga teknik akrostik bisa menjadi solusi dalam pembelajaran menulis kreatif puisi. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara perilaku apresiasi sastra dengan kemampuan menulis puisi akrostik mahasiswa Non Pendidikan Dasar Layanan Tutorial online. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan jumlah populasi 238 orang dan jumlah sampel 33 orang. Teknik penarikan sampel penelitian adalah teknik random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik kuesioner dan tes menulis puisi akrostik. Data dianlisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi bantuan fsilitas IBM SPSS Statistic 17. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi positif yang signifikan antara perilaku apresiasi sastra (X) dengan kemampuan menulis puisi akrostik (Y) koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,555 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,001 lebih kecil dari probabilitas < 0,05, koefisien determinasi ry2 sebesar 30,8% variasi yang terjadi pada hasil kemampuan menulis puisi akrostik dijelaskan oleh perilaku apresiasi sastra melalui persamaan regresi Ŷ = 57.919 + 0,246X. Persamaan regresi Ŷ = 57.919 + 0,246X. menunjukkan bahwa, setiap kenaikan satu skor pada perilaku apresiasi sastra (X1) menyebabkan kenaikan sebesar 0,245X skor hasil kemampuan menulis puisi akrostik (Y) pada konstanta 57.919. Nilai signifikansi (Sig) sebesar 0.001 lebih kecil dari probabilitas 0.05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ha diterima, yang berarti bahwa ada korelasi antara variabel X dengan variabel Y (nilai sig < dari nilai probabilitas 0,05).
Is there a need to review the concept of artist and athlete in article 17 of the OECD model convention? considerations from the perspective of the Spanish tax law
Authors: Toribio Bernárdez Luis , Torrescusa Cordero Alejandro
Published: February 2023

Fino a pochissimo tempo fa, i grandi eventi artistici e sportivi non potevano essere concepiti senza che un buon numero di spettatori si spostasse nella sede dell’evento e pagasse il relativo biglietto d'ingresso per accedervi; tuttavia, ora sembra che, grazie alle molteplici possibilità offerte dai media digitali, non sia più necessaria la fruizione in loco dello spettacolo affinché gli eventi artistici o sportivi siano redditizi e portino significativi benefici economici ai loro protagonisti.
In un contesto come questo, è inevitabile chiedersi se abbia senso mantenere nei termini attuali l'art. 17 della Convenzione OECD, o se lo stesso dovrebbe essere ridefinito per includere un nuovo gruppo di individui che svolgono anche attività artistiche o sportive anche in un ambiente esclusivamente digitale come influencer, streamer, podcaster, giocatori, nonché qualsiasi altro gruppo la cui attività principale consiste nello svolgimento di performance personali che vengono condivise attraverso i social network e altri media digitali.
Sulla natura del termine per l'esercizio dell'azione disciplinare
Authors: Pini Sara
Published: February 2023

Il contributo si propone di indagare la natura del termine per l’esercizio dell’azione del Procuratore federale alla luce delle pronunce del Collegio di Garanzia. In assenza di una espressa previsione all’interno del Codice di Giustizia Sportiva del CONI, le interpretazioni oscillano tra la perentorietà ovvero l’ordinatorietà del termine e non sembrano trovare uno stabile equilibrio nemmeno nella recente pronuncia delle sezioni unite del Collegio.
Сборник практикумов по программам дополнительной профессиональной переподготовки по экспертным специальностям «Исследование голоса и звучащей речи», «Исследование звуковой среды, условий, средств, материалов и следов звукозаписей» и «Исследование видеоизображений, условий, средств, материалов и следов видеозаписей»
Authors: Бояров А. , Власов О. , Шавыкина С. , Марфин Г. , Свирава Т. , Соболева О. , Годлевский А. , Денисов Ю. , Коваленко О. , Кривощеков С. , Мясникова Т. , Потапенко Н. , Никулина М. , Зверева Я.
Published: February 2023

Сборник содержит методические рекомендации по проведению практических работ и контрольных заданий в рамках обучения по программе дополнительной профессиональной переподготовки по экспертным специальностям 7.1 «Исследование голоса и звучащей речи»
(вариативный модуль 4 «Методические основы лингвистического исследования голоса и
звучащей речи», вариативный модуль 5 «Методические основы инструментального исследования голоса и звучащей речи»), 7.2 «Исследование звуковой среды, условий, средств, материалов и следов звукозаписей» и 7.3 «Исследование видеоизображений, условий, средств, материалов и следов видеозаписей». Пособие направлено на оказание учебно-методической, дидактической и практической помощи стажерам-исследователям и экспертам, проходящим обучение и подготовку в рамках профессиональной переподготовки в системе судеб-
но-экспертных учреждений Минюста России.
Are Rural Attitudes Just Republican?
Authors: Lin Jennifer , Trujillo Kristin Lunz
Published: February 2023

Are issue attitudes of rural residents aligned with those of Republicans in theUnited States? Previous research demonstrates an urban-rural divide in issue attitudes whereby rural residents tend to adopt more conservative policy positions and urban residents tend to adopt more liberal ones in the US. In this paper, we investigate whether this notion holds true, or if rural residents are indeed their own unique constituency that carries interests different from what is traditionally “Republican”. We examine canonical issues that are widely discussed in the political discourse and leverage data from the 2020 ANES to compare responses between rural and urban residents, Democrats and Republicans, and the interaction between these factors. In doing so, we find that urban-rural issue differences reflect partisan issue differences - e.g., rural Democrats resemble their urban counterparts and urban Republicans resemble their rural counterparts - rather than rural areas specifically being more Republican. However, we identify certain issues relating to immigration where rural Democrats are more conservative than urban Democrats. These results support the idea that rural America is not always reflective of conservatism and Republicanism. In addition, it points to the role of partisan nationalization in issue stances across the urban-rural spectrum; future scholarship should aim to further illuminate the complexity of this nationalization versus the relevance of place and local considerations in other facets of American politics.
MAKALAH ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM SEBAGAI PENGENALAN ILMU HUKUM
Authors: Melta Bayu Tiandri
Published: February 2023

Antropologi secara etimologis berasal dari bahasa Yunani. Kata anthroposberartimanusia dan logosberarti ilmu pengetahuan. Jadi antropologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajarimanusia. Dalam ilmu antropologi hukum dipelajari mengenai peran, status atau kedudukan,nilai, norma juga kebudayaan. Semua ini sangat erat kaitannya dengan ilmu antropologihukum.
Learning planning strategies without feedback
Authors: Srinivas Srinidhi , He Ruiqi , Lieder Falk
Published: February 2023

How do humans get better at planning? Previous work postulated that the improvement of cognitive strategies occurs through feedback-based metacognitive reinforcement learning (MCRL). However, it is not clear whether and, if so, how people can learn planning strategies without reinforcement. To answer these questions, we experimentally investigated the effect of frequency of feedback on people's ability to learn adaptive planning strategies. We found that participants receiving feedback only 25\% of the time nonetheless learned about as well as participants receiving constant feedback. Quantitative modelling of the data revealed that state-of-the-art MCRL models cannot explain this finding. However, extending these models by a mechanism generating an additional learning signal through self-evaluation of plan quality can account for people's ability to learn planning strategies without feedback. The findings of this research have implications for the design of learning environments and enabling people and machines to self-sufficiently improve their strategies in naturalistic settings.
The Effect of Lego Robotics Coding on Primary School Students' Academic Achievement and Attitudes of Science
Authors: Bozkurt Orçun , Pasabeyoglu N. G.
Published: February 2023

The current research aims to examine the effects of LEGO robotics coding on primary school students' academic achievement and attitudes toward science courses. A pretest-posttest control group design was used in the study and the participants joined the study randomly divided into control and experimental groups. While the control group was trained with the traditional method, the experimental group was trained via the constructivist method. To determine the effects of two different teaching methods on the student's success and attitudes, the science lesson attitude scale was applied in a pre-test and post-test form. The study group consists of 33 students who were randomly selected. Through the study, we concluded that LEGO robotics coding provides more meaningful and effective learning on primary school student's academic achievement and attitudes when compared with the control group.
Multiple neural strategies captured when repeating voluntary thumb flexions
Authors: Kock Ruchella
Published: February 2023

There is considerable trial-to-trial variability in single cortical neurons when performing the same action repeatedly. One possibility is that neural populations are more stable in representing actions; alternatively, they too may be distinctly engaged from trial to trial. To address the nature of variability in large neural populations, we captured the EEG signals time-locked to repeated voluntary thumb flexion movements (~500 repetitions, 25 subjects). By using non-negative matrix factorization on the sensorimotor cortical signals, we quantified the trial-to-trial motor-related potentials (MRPs) in terms of prototypical signals (meta-MRPs) and their corresponding prominence at each trial (meta-trials). Clustering the meta-MRPs across the sampled population revealed 5 distinct signal patterns. There were brain-wide correlates of these meta-MRP clusters. Cortical hemispheres were distinctly recruited from trial-to-trial as certain clusters were accompanied by bilateral motor negativity while others were characterized by ipsilateral motor negativity. The sensory feedback too was distinctly processed from trial-to-trial as the central post-movement positivity was present only for certain clusters. A poorly understood pre-motor positivity accompanied all clusters albeit varying in their timing from trial-to-trial. These patterns – including the time-varying positivity preceding the movement – were rendered invisible by the traditional averaging of the signals. We show that the variability in EEG signals is not just noise but a consequence of distinct activation patterns deployed by the cortex. We support the idea that the cortex flexibly switches between distinct forms of neural processing to achieve the same behavioral goals.
Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method in Determining Commercial Vehicle Type of Supply Considering Owning and Operating Cost
Authors: Izzati Titia , Munita Andary Asvaroza
Published: February 2023

Abstract Customer vehicle is a type of vehicle used to transport goods for commercial purposes. In Indonesia commercial vehicle distributor is the center of sales distribution, thus the marketing and sales team must be able to offer their product according to each customer needs. In the common practice, the offering is only based on customer budget of the vehicle price (owning cost) for the required specifications, without providing an understanding of the total cost of ownership which includes operating costs. The team's lack of knowledge aboutvehicle specifications and operating costs is the main cause, for this reason it is necessary to analyze the calculation of owning & operating costs and determine the offer for the type of commercial vehicle. The purpose of this study is to determine the type of commercial vehicle that must be selected in order to earn more profit for the customer, as well as to provide an investment feasibility analysis of the type of commercial vehicle selected based on the calculation of the vehicle's owning & operating cost. Vehicle selection analysis is carriedout using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) by comparing alternative vehicle options by considering the specification criteria, purchase price, and maintenance costs. In addition, an investment feasibility analysis is carried out using NPV and IRR analysis to find out whether the investment made is profitable or not.
Differential expression of GPRC5A in pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and pancreatic cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with pancreatic cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding G protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member A, GPRC5A, when comparing pancreatic tumors to the tissue of origin, the pancreas. GPRC5A mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the pancreas as compared to normal pancreatic tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of GPRC5A in pancreatic tumors was correlated with overall survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. GPRC5A expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human PDAC.
Differential expression of ENTPD1 in pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and pancreatic cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with pancreatic cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, ENTPD1, when comparing pancreatic tumors to the tissue of origin, the pancreas. ENTPD1 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the pancreas as compared to normal pancreatic tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of ENTPD1 in pancreatic tumors was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. ENTPD1 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human PDAC.
Confusions about Relativity
Authors: Vegt Wim
Published: February 2023

There is no doubt to the correctness of the Electromagnetic Lorentz Transformations. But the expanding of the electromagnetic domain to the 4-dimensional Space-Time domain in the 4-dimensional complex Minkowski space by Albert Einstein is a remarkable step.
PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN TURBIN SAVONIUS YANG TERINTEGRASI DENGAN GENERATOR AXIAL TANPA GEAR (GEARLESS)
Authors: Syam Sudirman , Kurniati Sri
Published: February 2023

Turbin savonius merupakan tipe turbin kecepatan angin rendah dengan menghasilkan torsi besar sangat cocok untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai tenaga penggerak sistem pompa, irigasi tambak, atau peralatan pengolahan hasil pertanian. Turbin angin Savonius merupakan perangkat sumbu vertikal sederhana berbentuk setengah silinder yang terpasang pada sisi berlawanan dari poros vertikal dan beroperasi pada gaya tarik, sehingga tidak dapat berputar lebih cepat dari kecepatan angin. Saat angin bertiup menuju ke permukaan blade yang berlawanan (satu cembung dan cekung lainnya), dua gaya yang berbeda (tarik dan angkat) diberikan pada dua permukaan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, efisiensi dari turbin menjadi rendah karena beberapa faktor. Pada ujung rotor blade terdapat satu plate/piringan yang menghubungkan 2 blade turbin yang disebut end-plate. Saat ini belum ada penelitian yang memanfaatkan fungsi lain dari end-plate ini. Selain itu, masih sedikit penelitian yang dilakukan untuk menvariasikan sudu-sudu rotor profil blade.
PENGERTIAN ANTROPOLOGI MENURUT PARA AHLI LUAR DAN DALAM NEGRI
Authors: PUTRA BOYKE READHI
Published: February 2023

Antropologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari manusia. Oleh karena itu antropologi didasarkan pada kemajuan yang telah dicapai ilmu pengetahuan sebelumnya.
Placebo without deception: Psychoactive drug intake in lucid dreaming and its effect upon awakening
Authors: Raduga Michael , Zhunusova Zhanna , Shashkov Andrey , Brauns Artur
Published: February 2023

Objective. People experience lucid dreaming (LD) with different emotions and perceptions that can have psychophysiological consequences upon waking. To study the placebo without a deception effect, we tested how psychoactive drug intake during LDs affects perceptions in dreams and after waking.Method. Through two online experiments, we instructed volunteers to consume alcohol (N = 104) and psychoactive substances (N = 86) while in an LD and then wake up to assess the results. Results. For both groups, 58% of the volunteers felt an effect of psychoactive drugs while in an LD, and 21% were able to transfer these effects into wakefulness, at least partially. Psychoactive substances were more likely to maintain their effect upon awakening than alcohol (p = .002).Discussion. The results show that the sensory and emotional neurons responsible for perceptions of alcohol and drug intake can fire independently from physiology. The transfer of these effects to wakefulness could be possible due to hypnopompic hallucination. Probably, the type of alcohol or drug consumed, as well as the intake method, were important factors . The outcomes of our study contribute to the overall understanding of the psychophysiological correlations between LD and wakefulness and its possible applications in health treatments.
Primer on the Dendritic Integration Theory of Consciousness
Authors: Aru Jaan , Bachmann Talis , Suzuki Mototaka , Larkum Matthew E.
Published: February 2023

This primer aims to provide a concise description of the Dendritic Integration Theory (DIT) of consciousness. We consider the motivation for DIT, the evidence for it, and how it fits with other theories of consciousness.
Idiopathic hypersomnia symptoms in the forms of recurrent lucid dreams and out-of-body experiences: A preliminary study
Authors: Raduga Michael , Zhunusova Zhanna
Published: February 2023

Objective. The arousal of consciousness during REM sleep can lead to states of sleep paralysis (SP), lucid dreaming (LD), out-of-body experiences (OBEs), and false awakening (FA). We know that recurrent SP is a symptom of sleep disorders like insomnia or narcolepsy. This study hypothesizes that other recurrent phenomena related to SP could also be signs of sleep deviations like insomnia and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH). The results of the study could simplify the diagnostic process for sleep disorders in adults while also improving our knowledge of the nature of REM sleep.Method. Filtered data from ‘Survey on lucid dreaming, sleep paralysis, out-of-body experiences, and false awakening’ (N = 710) was used to compare sleep duration (SD) with patterns of insomnia (<6 sleep hours) and IH with long sleep (>9 sleep hours).Results. rLD was mostly prevalent among the >9 hour SD group (IH, OR 2.8) at 43.3%, in comparison to 29.1% for the <6 hour SD group and 21.1% for the control group. rOBE was most prevalent among the >9 hour SD group (IH, OR 3.0) at 32.1%, in comparison to 17.0% of the <6 hour SD group and 13.6% for the control group. rFA had no OR significance.Discussion. The results show that LD and OBE could be signs of improper SD or even indirect symptoms of sleep disorders like IH with long sleep. The results do not relate to intentional LD practice, as this requires separate research. The outcomes of this study provide an easy means of recognizing deviations in sleep, with potential applications in medicine and in improving quality of life.
The Impact of Bank-Specific and Macroeconomic Variables on Commercial Banks Profitability in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Kabi Raj , Vyas Surendra Kumar
Published: February 2023

This study aims to evaluate the impact of bank-specific and macroeconomic variables on commercial banks' profitability in Nepal. The study uses panel data of twenty-four commercial banks from 2011/12 to 2019/20. The study finds that bank-specific variables such as capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loan, and Cost of funds negatively affect banks' profitability (ROA and ROE). In contrast, interest rate spread, total investment to total asset, and net interest income to total asset have a positive effect. Regarding macroeconomic variables, gross domestic product (GDP)positively impacts banks' performance, while inflation (INF) has a negative impact. The study concludes that the macroeconomic variable INF is the primary determinant of banks' profitability because it also adversely influences GDP.
After Covid-2019 Pandemic: Returnee Migrants' Economy Management on Their Household
Authors: Mishra Manamaaya
Published: February 2023

This paper is based on returnee migrants' economic management of their households of ward no. 4 in Gauradaha municipality, Jhapa district.  The objectives of this paper are to identify the returnee migrants' economic management of their households and to find out the used of their remittances after the COVID pandemic.  The paper used a descriptive and analytical research design with the primary source of data method. The study selected 247 households and 163numbers of forms filled up within one month and used the purposive sampling method (non-probability sampling. These data are analyzed through frequency distribution, cross table and the main output. The paper concludes that the majority of international labour migrants seek better income in cities, job seeking on forced idleness during the part of year and services. They are compelled to send their husbands and sons to gulf countries to earn for the subsistence of the households. After returning, the foreign migrant workers to the homeland by the cause of theCOVID-19 pandemic increase the household workloads the financial problems day by day, when they stay in foreign countries improving their economic status from household to community basis level. However, they have the difficulty in getting government services characterized with corruption like nepotism, favoritism and briberies to secure jobs. Low-paid work and illegal transfer, employment discrimination with respect to colour, age, sex, ethnicity, religion and others are major problems facing migrant workers. Although they are trying to engage different types of income generation works or self-employment t at the different local levels, it is necessary for the developing countries to solve these problems.
स्नातक तहको ऐच्छिक नेपालीमा उपन्यास शिक्षण {Novel teaching in Nepali as an elective for graduate level}
Authors: पहाडी Pahadi ढुण्डीराज Dhundiraj
Published: February 2023

Available with fulltext
The Badi: Changing Social Norms and Empowerment
Authors: Katuwal Chandra Bahadur
Published: February 2023

This article is based on the study conducted in Narayan municipality of Dailekh district. Main argument of the article is socially constructed and changing in social norms makes change in relationship. It is perceived that Badi community represents woman -friendly community. They wish to have a daughter rather than son. However, now Badi community has changed its norms. Now, Badi community prefer son to a daughter. In the past, Badi women used to dance, sing and run their family. However, now, due to availability of different types of musical system and instruments, Badi women’s profession has replaced by modern entertainment system. With their profession lost, Badi male took lead of the family care. One of the oldest respondents of Badi community has mentioned "pahile hami khanekura jamma garna gauma jantheu hamra baddamantha hamro bato kurera basthe, aajkal ulto vako xa hami bato herxau" (in the past women used to go village to collect foods and their husbands were waiting respectfully to them but now just opposite, men are breadwinner and women are dependent on men). It has been taken that the Badi community as their namesake Badhyabdak (playing a musical instrument) as entertainer, storyteller and singer but due to easily available music system and other instruments of entertain their professions became in danger. Badi community changed their occupation as a worker, daily wage labor, driver and other. Thus, slowly Badi women are subjugated, oppressed, dominated and disempowered.
The Government Policy of 'Free Visa, Free Ticket': An Evaluation from Prospective Foreign Labour Migrant
Authors: Rai Pushpa Raj
Published: February 2023

Nepali youths join foreign jobs with the dream of earning a lot of money and making a happy family. However, high visa fees and high costs of tickets impose a load of debt on the family. Nepal adopted the policy of free visas and free tickets to reduce the burden of debt. This article explains whether the dream of foreign labor migrants has come true after the government of Nepal adopted the policy of the 'free visa, free ticket' policy. The main objective of this article is to describe the experience of foreign labour migrants under the policy of the 'free visa, free ticket'. Seven years have passed since the 'free visa, free ticket' policy was introduced. Foreign labour migrant’s have-not been able to go abroad for work at zero migration cost yet. Due to ineffectiveness of this policy, people who go abroad have become a place to cheat on.
Sociological Dimensions of Representation: Othering & Stereotyping
Authors: Dhobi Saleem
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates into multiple forms and dimensions of representation employed in literary works and public affairs. It is a thorough study of secondary works published on the issues ranging from representation to stereotyping—general to specific sociological practices in writing. The article aims to examine the societal predicaments as depicted in writings and verbal expressions. More than this, the paper uncloaks the dominating temperament of majority community in culturally diverse societal setting. How the minority groups are treated by the socially and culturally privileged community is the corpus of the investigation. The article discusses the concept of representation by Stuart Hall and the concept of othering by Lajos Bronsin order for examining the other forms of representation. The meaning is constructed by the dominant community for underprivileged groups such as people of color in the United States of America, South Asians in the international space, and women in the global phenomena. The generalized views about any sociological category become the stereotypes which stigmatize the community in entirety. The individual drawbacks must not be associated with the distinctive features of a large sociological group as the process becomes unfair and biased.
Study on Effectiveness of Fuzzy Set Theory through its Practical Application
Authors: Shah Yogendra Prasad
Published: February 2023

This paper deals with the poverty as a main problem of our country Nepal. The Government wants to solve this problem by definite rule. The line of demarcation of defining the jurisdiction of the collection of poverty-stricken people does not exist. However, it is obvious that certain vague demarcation must exist in order to divide the resources as needed. In this paper, I have applied the fuzzy set of poverty-stricken Nepali as the function A: N→ [0, 1].
MODELOS NÃO-LINEARES APLICADOS NA CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM DA FLOR COMESTÍVEL DE AMOR PERFEITO
Authors: Volponi Alessia Zincone , Fonseca Jessica Paula Aparecida Costa , Rodrigues Josiane , Leitão Angelita Machado , Liska Gilberto Rodrigues , Bastos Lucas Santos
Published: February 2023

Um dos principais problemas no consumo de flores comestíveis é o fato de que elas possuem alta perecibilidade pós-colheita, o que dificulta a sua comercialização e consumo. Por isso, é importante aplicar métodos de conservação para evitar perdas, e um desses métodos é a desidratação, comumente descrita pela cinética de secagem por meio de uma curva de secagem. O objetivo desse trabalho foi utilizar modelos matemáticos de regressão de modo a descrever o comportamento da flor Viola × wittrockiana durante a sua secagem. Dez modelos de regressão não-linear foram ajustados ao conjunto de dados de secagem obtido através de experimentação em uma temperatura de 30°C. Concluiu-se que o modelo que melhor se ajustou foi o de Midilli et al., e que, com o auxílio dele, pode-se prever a perda de massa da flor durante sua desidratação.
Palavras-chave: regressão não-linear; secagem de flores; flores comestíveis; Viola × wittrockiana.
 
Non-linear models applied to the drying kinetics of pansy edible flower
 
ABSTRACT: One of the main problems in the consumption of edible flowers is the fact that those possess high perishability post-harvest, and it difficult its commercialization and consumption. Therefore, it is important to apply conservation methods to avoid losses, and one of these methods is dehydration, commonly described by drying kinetics through a drying curve. This work aims to use mathematical regression models to describe the behavior of the flower Viola × wittrockiana during its drying period. Ten non-linear regression models were adjusted to the data set, which was obtained by experimentation in a 30°C temperature. The study concluded that the model that was the foremost adjusted was the Midilli et al., and that, with the assistance of this model, it is possible to predict the weight loss of the flower during its dehydration.
Keywords: non-linear regression; flower drying; edible flowers; Viola × wittrockiana.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE ENERGIA LIMPA EM UMA CADEIA DE VALOR DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: Diogo de Souza Pábulo , Badin Tiago Luis , Pasa Debora Luana , Ximendes Mariani Carrion , Farias Jorge Antonio de
Published: February 2023

As cadeias de valor que compõem a agricultura familiar constituem várias atividades econômicas relevantes para a economia brasileira. Dentre elas, destaca-se o setor fumageiro não só pelo aspecto econômico, mas também pela maior atenção para sustentabilidade do processo produtivo do tabaco, no qual é utilizado lenha para a secagem das folhas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar um diagnóstico da produção e consumo madeireiro de produtores de tabaco na região sul do Brasil. A metodologia aplicada baseou-se no inventário das florestas dos produtores e informações de consumo de lenha no processo de secagem do tabaco de 7 regiões específicas do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná. Foi estimado que a área de produção florestal familiar foi 116.009 ha e o consumo anual de lenha foi de 3.293.755 m³. Em todas as regiões os cenários de produção e consumo de lenha apresentou rendimento volumétrico sustentado. A produção florestal familiar garante a suficiência energética para a cadeia de valor do tabaco Virgínia no sul do Brasil.
Palavras-chave: Eucalyptus; lenha para secagem do tabaco; sustentabilidade volumétrica.
 
Use of renewable energy in a family farm production chain
 
ABSTRACT: The value chains that make up family farming constitute several economic activities that are relevant to the Brazilian economy. Among them, the tobacco sector stands out, not only because of the economic aspect, but also because of the greater attention paid to the sustainability of the tobacco production process, in which firewood is used to dry the leaves. The objective of this work was to carry out a diagnosis of the production and consumption of wood by tobacco producers in the southern region of Brazil. The applied methodology was based on an inventory of the producers' forests and information on firewood consumption in the tobacco drying process in 7 specific regions of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná. It was estimated that the family forest production area was 116,009 ha and the annual firewood consumption was 3,293,755 m³. In all regions, firewood production and consumption scenarios presented sustained volumetric yield. Family forest production ensures energy sufficiency for the Virginia tobacco value chain in southern Brazil.
Keywords: Eucalyptus; firewood for drying tobacco volumetric sustainability.
Deneysel Araştırma Tasarımı ve Pazarlama Araştırmalarında Deneysel Araştırma Tasarımı Kullanan Yayınların İncelenmesi
Authors: SIĞIRCI Özge
Published: February 2023

Korelasyonel araştırmalarla değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi gösterebilmek mümkün olmakla birlikte bu ilişki nedensel değildir. Deneysel araştırmalar ise değişkenler arasındaki neden-sonuç ilişkisini gösterebilmeleri açısından sosyal bilimler dahil tüm bilimsel araştırmalar için altın standart kabul edilmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı deneysel tasarım yöntemi kullanımında dikkat edilmesi gereken noktaları incelemek ve ulusal literatürde deneysel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan makaleleri inceleyerek bir değerlendirmesini yapmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, öncelikle deneysel yöntem kullanımında dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalara değinilmiş ardından da ULAKBİM TR dizinde taranan yayınlar arasından deney yöntemini kullanan makaleler tespit edilmiş ve 1) deney sayısı, 2) kullanılan manipülasyon çeşidi, 3) manipülasyon kontrolü kullanılıp kullanılmaması, 4) bağımlı değişken/lerin ölçüm şekli, 5) tek değişkenli ya da çok değişkenli tasarım (faktöriyel tasarım) kullanımı, 6) katılımcıların gruplara atanması (gruplar içi, gruplar arası ya da karma), 7) kontrol grubu kullanılıp kullanılmaması, 8) ön test-son test ya da sadece son test kullanımı, 9) saha ya da laboratuvar deneyi kullanımı ve 10) katılımcılar ve katılımcılara teşvik sunulup sunulmadığı açılarından kodlanmış ve incelenmişlerdir. Buna göre, deneysel yöntem kullandığı tespit edilen 41 makalenin çoğunluğunda tek deneysel çalışmanın kullanıldığı, çoğunlukla çevresel ve talimatsal manipülasyonlara yer verildiği, katılımcıların deney gruplarına gruplar arası olarak atandığı ve laboratuvar deneylerinin kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Drainage Development of the Green River Basin In Southwestern Wyoming and its Bearing on Fish Biogeography, Neotectonics, and Paleoclimates
Authors: Hansen Wallace R.
Published: February 2023

The Upper Green River flows southward out of the Green River Basin through a series of deep canyons across the Uinta Mountains in a course that post-dates the deposition of the Bishop Conglomerate (Oligocene); the ancestral Green flowed east to the Mississippi, probably by way of the North Platte. Basinal subsidence in Eocene time had produced 3 large, well-known, interconnected lakes on both sides of the Uinta Mountains--Fossil Lake and Lake Gosiute on the north side and Lake Uinta on the south. Lake-to-lake connections are indicated by a remarkably well preserved fauna common to all three lakes, the famous Green River fish fauna. Most of these fish had Mississippi River affinities, hence, the Continental Divide in Eocene time was west of the lakes. The Colorado River system did not yet exist. After the lakes disappeared, drainage was generally eastward across the present Continental Divide, until the Green River was captured near Green River, Wyo. by south-flowing drainage in middle Pleistocene time, ca., 600,000 years ago. Capture of the Upper Green River as recently as middle Pleistocene time, if a valid hypothesis, must take into account the marked differences between the endemic and indigenous fish fauna of the Green River and that of the North Platte. The Green is postulated to have been captured at the height of a glacial stage when the Green River Basin was a frigid semidesert and its fish population had been forced far downstream by the hostility of the glacial climate. Indigenous nonendemic cold-water fauna of the Green River/Upper Colorado River Basin - salmonids, cottids, and others - are geologically recent arrivals from the Columbia River Basin; they probably transferred to the Green during an interglacial stage, then spread throughout the Upper Colorado River system during the colder water phase of a succeeding glacial stage. Several possible transfer points exist along the Green/Bear and Green/Snake River divides.
Origin of Phosphatic Nodules and Cements in the Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation, Natrona County, Wyoming
Authors: Bitter Mark R.
Published: February 2023

Phosphatic pebbles (carbonate-fluorapatite) are common constituents of lag gravels found along Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) disconformities within the Frontier Formation in Natrona County, Wyoming. These pebbles are of two types: 1) phosphate nodules, and 2) phosphate-cemented sandstone clasts. The phosphate nodules contain organic matter and pyrite and formed in fine-grained sediments in a reducing environment. Organic matter was probably the major source of phosphate, although distributaries may also have supplied some phosphorus. The phosphate-cemented sand­stone clasts contain fine- to coarse-grained sand, fish tooth fragments, and previously formed phosphate nodules. The isopachous rims of phosphate cement do not contain pyrite and are considered to have precipitated in an oxidizing environment very near the water-sediment interface. The lowest stratigraphic occurrence of phosphate-cemented clasts is in the upper Turonian which suggests formation during a transgression. Slow sedimentation associated with the transgression may have caused a relative increase in organic matter within the sediment and allowed phosphate-rich in­terstitial water to diffuse into the water column, precipitating carbonate-fluorapatite in the oxidized sands near the water ­sediment interface. The association of phosphate-cemented clasts with the upper Turonian disconformity suggests that they could serve as a useful stratigraphic marker to help identify the disconformity throughout Natrona County.
An Integrated Geochemical and Paleoecological Approach to Petroleum Source Rock Evaluation, Lower Niobrara Formation (Cretaceous), Lyons, Colorado
Authors: Barlow Lisa K.
Published: February 2023

A detailed study of paleoecological, geochemical, and stable isotopic properties of the lower Niobrara Formation (upper Turonian to lower Coniacian) was undertaken in order to evaluate petroleum source rock potential and to gain an understanding of the processes affecting variation in organic carbon content. The highest organic carbon contents In the lower Niobrara Formation occur in the lower shale unit of the Smoky Hill Shale Membel Trends in extent of bioturbation, organic carbon contents, and oxygen isotopic ratios of carbonates suggest that paleoclimatic factors influenced bottom water environments during deposition of this unit. A shift toward a more negative oxygen isotopic ratio in the lower shale unit is interpreted to be a result of decreased surface water salinity due to increased fresh water input and possibly to climatic warming. Resultant stratification of the water column limited benthic oxygenation thereby limiting benthic activity, enhancing the preservation of marine organic matter, and increasing source rock potential for petroleum. Data from underlying and overlying units in the lower Niobrara Formation suggest more normal marine conditions with well-oxygenated bottom waters, normal levels of bioturbation, and relatively low organic carbon contents. Pyrolysis data are interpreted to reflect a principally marine source of organic matter with substantial alteration due to bioturbation and thermal evolution. Elevated thermal maturity of the section at Lyons is inferred to be a local feature caused by local heating associated with fluid movement along fault zones or with emplacement of Tertiary sills.
Evidence that the Crystalline Cores of Uplifts Adjacent to the Powder River Basin Were Breached During Paleocene Time
Authors: Merin Ira S. , Lindholm Roy C.
Published: February 2023

Sandstones in the upper part of the Paleocene Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation in the Powder River basin are dominantly sublitharenite. These rocks contain abundant rock fragments of non-ferroan calcite, dolomite, chert, and foliated tine-grained metamorphic rock (phyllite). The carbonate and chert rock fragments were probably eroded from Paleozoic carbonate sequences flanking the Bighorn Mountains or the Black Hills. The phyllffic rock fragments indicate that the crystalline cores of these uplifts were exposed during Paleocene time, which is earlier during the Laramide Orogeny than has been previously demonstrated.