bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PECULIARITIES OF STRUCTURE AND SPECTRAL-LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYMETHOXY-SUBSTITUTED CALIX[4]ARENES AND THEIR COMPLEXES WITH LANTHANIDES
Authors: Smola Serhii , Rusakova Nataliia , Snurnikova Olga , Alekseeva Elena , Kirichenko Tatyana
Published: April 2020

Spectral-luminescent properties of a variety of carboxymethoxy-substituted p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arenes and their complexes with lanthanides (Nd, Er, Yb) that exhibit the 4f-luminescence in the IR-spectrum region have been investigated. The effect of substitution of hydrogen phenolic atoms by carboxymethoxy groups on the stability and spectral-luminescent characteristics of both the ligands and lanthanide complexes was analyzed. Thus, based on the combination of the results obtained by means of elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and taking into account the data of pH-metric titration, spectrophotometric and luminescence measurements, it can be concluded that lanthanide ions form neutral complexes of 1:1 ratio with L1H4 - L4H4. This is explained by the presence of mobile hydrogen atoms of phenol and/or carboxyl groups in the molecules of these ligands. An increase in the number of donor substituents leads to changes in the number of solvent molecules in the series L3H4 < L1H4 < L2H4 < L4H4 from 0.8 to 2.4 for neodymium complexes, from 1.2 to 2.2 - for ytterbium complexes. Both the quantum yield and lifetime of the 4f-luminescence of the neodymium and ytterbium complexes and also the luminescence intensity of the erbium-containing compounds change in the same order.
Desert Vegetation of Shirvan (Azerbaijan)
Authors: Gasimzade T.
Published: April 2020

Deep analysis of the botanical groups, the composition of associations and formations of desert vegetation of the plain part of the Shirvan zone of Azerbaijan was carried out. The species composition of the Suaeda mycrophylloso — Petrosimonia brachiatosum, Salicoornia europeoso — Suaeda confusosum, Petrosimonia brachiatoso — Climacoptera crassosum, Climacoptera crassoso — Petrosimonia brachiatosum, Salsola nodulososo — Ephemeretosum, Salsoleta dendroideso — Ephemeretosum, Salsoleta dendroideso — Alhagi pseudalhagiosum associations were established. Desert plant type of the territory of Shirvan is zonal in nature and formed by 2 formation classes, 6 formations and 19 associations have been revealed.
Microbiological Status of Peat Soil in the Exclusion Zone of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Kantsavaya I. , Nikitin A. , Tankevich E. , Sidareika Yu.
Published: April 2020

The work examines the number of the main physiological groups of microorganisms in the peat soil of the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Methods: Koch cup method, agrochemical methods, γ-spectrometry, statistical analysis. An analysis of the numbers of the main physiological groups of microorganisms showed that a peat soil sample II, which was characterized by a lower level of contamination with technogenic radionuclides as compared to sample I, contains a smaller amount of ammonifying and phosphate — mobilizing bacteria, as well as micromycetes, respectively, more than 2–20 times compared with sample I. For the remaining studied groups of microorganisms in sample II, in comparison with sample I was noted an excess of the number of microorganisms by less than 1.5 times. For this soil sample, the largest number is typical for autochthonous microorganisms, then in a row with decreasing numbers are presented: amylolytic, oligonitrophilic, spore ammonifiers, cellulose–destroying aerobic bacteria. It was established that the peat soil of sample plot I is characterized by a greater degree of enrichment of the soil with microorganisms. This is due, firstly, with an increased water content in the peat sample I (up to 90%) that promotes rapid growth soil microorganism’s population; secondly, it is determined by a large number of plant roots. The density of peat soil radionuclide contamination to a lesser extent affects the quantitative content of most of the physiological groups of microorganisms studied in it
Conservative Treatment of Children With Torticollis
Authors: Emilbekov M.
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of conservative treatment in 35 patients with the diagnosis of Torticollis, who were hospitalized at the National Center for Maternal and Child Health in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. For 2 years, these patients received regular conservative therapy and were registered. 16 (65%) had good results, and 9 (35%) had satisfactory results. To support the results of treatment, 82% of patients needed to continue treatment with conservative methods for another 1.0–1.5 years.
Electromechanical Activity of the Heart and Intracardiac Hemodynamics in Patients With Different Forms of Acute and Recurrent Bronchial Pathology
Authors: Shaiderova I.
Published: April 2020

The article presents an analysis of indicators of Electromechanical activity of the heart and intracardiac hemodynamics in children of the first three years of life, patients with acute and recurrent bronchopulmonary diseases. The direction and degree of reaction of rhythmic activity, repolarization, morphometric and volemic parameters depending on the form of lung pathology were determined.
Comparative Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Rotavirus Infection in Young Children
Authors: Bedelbaev M. , Dzholbunova Z. , Khalupko E.
Published: April 2020

This article gives a comparative description of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus infection in children under 1 year and 1–3 years old. An analysis of 83 case histories of the examined children for rotavirus infection under the age of 3 years was carried out. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 — children under 1-year-old (48 patients), group 2 — children from 1 to 3 years old (35 patients). As a result of the study, it was found that in children of the 1st group, rotavirus infection proceeded predominantly (Р˂0.01) in the form of severe enteritis (71.0%), in combination with bacterial intestinal infection (75.0%), with significant (P ˂0.05) frequent (31.3%) bloating due to profuse watery diarrhea. In children of this group in 4.0% of cases, the disease was fatal. In the vast majority (96.7%) of children of the 2nd group, rotavirus infection proceeded in the form of gastroenteritis, with almost the same ratio of moderate to severe forms (47.0, 50.0%). Due to large losses with repeated vomiting and loose stools, significantly (Р˂0.01) more often (53.3%) there was a decrease in urine output and an increase in creatinine level (40.0%).
Intravital Assessment of the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Body of Farm Animals (Review)
Authors: Epimakhov V. , Sarukhanov V.
Published: April 2020

In order to prevent the development of pathological processes in the body of farm animals, the intravital determination of the content of heavy metals in organs and tissues is relevant. The state of the solution to this problem is considered. A description is given of various approaches that allow testing the content of heavy metals in animals, assessing and adjusting the environmental safety of livestock products.
Simulation of Waste Heat Recovery From Ship Boiler Exhaust Gas
Authors: Zhou Y. , Liu Z. , Golyanin A.
Published: April 2020

The heat pipe type waste heat recovery system can effectively reduce energy consumption when the ship is sailing in a polar region, so it has great engineering application value. In order to improve the design of the heat pipe waste heat recovery system and ensure that the design parameters meet the design requirements, this project has carried out a three-dimensional simulation analysis of the internal flow field of the heat pipe waste heat recovery system. Through reasonable model processing, application of boundary conditions, and the assignment of physical attributes the flow field characteristics of the key positions of the heat pipe type waste heat recovery system were obtained scientifically and effectively. The model was simulated and calculated, and the flue gas temperature distribution in the evaporator heat exchange tube, the overall temperature distribution of the waste heat recovery system, and the temperature change curve from the cold water entering the condenser to the steady state were obtained. The change curve of the thermal efficiency of the system during the temperature of the flue gas from the evaporator to the steady state.
Experimental Study on a Pulsation-enhanced Heat Transfer Device
Authors: Liu Z. , Levtsev A. , Zhou Y.
Published: April 2020

The pulsation-enhanced heat transfer technology is introduced, and a volume coil heat exchanger is designed. A pulsation valve is installed at the heat exchanger outlet of the heat exchanger to pulsate the heat medium, and the same heat exchanger is subjected to pulsation and non-pulsation heat transfer tests. Based on the experiments, combined with the theory of pulsation-enhanced heat transfer technology, heat transfer capacity, heat flow, and convective heat transfer coefficient coefficients, the effective temperature difference, heat flow, and convective heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger at different pulse frequencies are analyzed. The relationship between the pulsation frequency of the heat transfer effect of the heat exchanger is obtained. The test results show that the heat exchanger has higher heat exchange efficiency when there is pulsation under the test conditions.
Budgeting as a Way of Performance of the Development Strategy on the Example of JSC Konservsushprod
Authors: Gudkova O. , Ermakova L.
Published: April 2020

The importance and relevance of financial planning and budgeting is increasing every year in the current economic environment. The welfare of the economic entity depends on well-established financial planning and budgeting. Financial planning is one of the main tools for regulating the activities of the business entity. Financial planning and subsequent monitoring of planned tasks allow providing senior management with accurate, complete and up-to-date information on the implementation of measures to achieve the development goals of the economic entity. Budgeting, as practice shows, plays an increasingly important role in the development of any enterprise and in obtaining the highest profits. Effective existence and development of the enterprise is impossible without financial planning of work and supervision of the financial plans of the economic entity. Budgeting reflects the results of planning and control in the form of separate financial data. Budgets develop a strategy for the effective development of an economic entity in a competitive and market-based economy, and it serves as an important tool for achieving its goals. Therefore, the article analyzed possible ways of forming the processes of budgeting and monitoring the activities of the company’s centers of responsibility, identified the components of the company’s targets, as well as the algorithm of introduction budgeting processes into the activities of a particular economic entity.
Cultural and Historical Attitudes of Students of Humanitarian and Technical Specializations (Part 2)
Authors: Nemtsov A.
Published: April 2020

This article is a continuation, the second part of the publication Cultural and historical attitudes of students of humanitarian and technical specializations. It presents and analyzes the results obtained by implementation of shortened and expanded versions of the questionnaire aimed at studying the perception of students of the period of existence, causes and consequences of collapse of the USSR. The basic ideas of students about the possibility of a similar negative scenario for modern Russia are also considered. The factors associated with the degree of stability of certain cultural and historical attitudes of students are analyzed. The main potential lines of confrontation are outlined, as well as possible areas of compromise. An attempt is made to correlate the obtained data with modern theoretical approaches to the studied problem.
Psychological Characteristics of Jewish People Living on the Territory of Russia
Authors: Kurbatova V.
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the basic psychological characteristics of a person and character, characteristic of representatives of Jewish nationality, whose life and professional fate has developed in Russia. Preserving their national characteristics, they were forced to interact with a new culture and mentality, modifying some of their personality traits.
Tasks of Situational Analysis in Psychology of Management
Authors: Aripova N.
Published: April 2020

This article is an invitation to a discussion about the meaning and content of management in the modern world and the search for a new management paradigm in the 21st century. The challenge to modern management comes from the nature of the forces, changes and processes taking place in the world. The tasks of situational analysis are proposed as effective ways to determine the factors affecting the development of the organization and the place occupied by the organization in the general economic space.
Implementing Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Practices and Issues
Authors: Aliev I.
Published: April 2020

This article highlights current issues of the organization of distance learning and its role in the educational policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The role of this form of education as a factor in improving the quality of education in higher education is considered. One of the factors for improving the quality of education in the system of higher professional education is the widespread adoption of modern information technologies, including multimedia and virtual. Modern information technologies in combination with pedagogical technologies can significantly increase the effectiveness of the educational process; to achieve a solution to the main problem: the development of cognitive skills of students, critical and creative thinking, the ability to independently construct their knowledge, navigate in the information space.
An operational study on preparation of pregnant women for safe delivery, postnatal and neonatal care in low income Colony, UT, Chandigarh
Authors: Kaur Ravneet , Kapoor Surinder , K Saini Sushma
Published: April 2020

Advance preparation for birth during pregnancy is a beneficial step to meet all important needs of women and neonate. Aim of study was to prepare pregnant women for safe delivery, postnatal and neonatal care. An operational study was carried out in low income colony Chandigarh. Tools included survey proforma, socio demographic proforma, interview schedule and scoring sheet to assess the preparation of pregnant women for safe delivery, postnatal and neonatal care, protocol on safe delivery, postnatal and neonatal care was prepared in form of Hindi booklet and flipbook. Total seventy-two pregnant women of third trimester were selected through total enumeration technique and all were interviewed to assess their preparation for four subsequent weeks. In pre interventional assessment all subjects were registered, investigated for all essential laboratory diagnostics, immunized with TT injection, maintaining their personal hygiene, identified the institute for delivery. After implementation of protocol and repeated motivation during follow up visits all subjects were prepared themselves for safe delivery and postnatal and neonatal care. Most difficult aspect of the study was to prepare the subjects to take iron and folic acid tablets regularly, preparing bag for delivery, performing antenatal exercises and plan to adopt family planning methods. It is concluded Regular education and supervision by health care professionals will help the pregnant women to prepare for safe delivery, postnatal and neonatal care.
PENINGKATAN LEARNING ORGANIZATION MELALUI KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN EFIKASI DIRI GURU SMP SWASTA BUDDHIS SE-PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: Ardianto Hendri , Sunaryo Widodo , . Sumardi
Published: April 2020

IMPROVEMENT OF LEARNING ORGANIZATION THROUGH TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND EFICATION OF TEACHER OF BUDDHIS PRIVATE SCHOOL BANTEN PROVINCEThe purpose of this study was to find that learning organization can be improved by examining the relationship of learning organization, transformational leadership and self-efficacy. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach by using correlational statistical methods to determine whether transformational leadership and self-efficacy have a positive relationship with learning organization. Sampling in this study was using proportional random sampling technique with the taro yamane formula. The data collection to measuring instruments was a questionnaire. The results were continually analyzed by using the SITOREM methods in order to derive recommendations and determine the order of priority improvements that need to be made. This research was conducted on Buddhist Private Middle School teachers in Banten Province with a study population of 145 and a sample of 107 teachers. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between transformational leadership and learning organization with a relationship strength of ry1 = 0,530 and there was a positive relationship between self-efficacy and learning organization with a strength of ry2 = 0,477. This shows that learning organizations can be improved through the development of transformational leadership and self-efficacy. Sitorem’s analysis results showed that in the components of transformational leadership, self-efficacy and learning organization were found 10 indicators that need to be improved, namely: 1) Individualized consideration, 2) Confidence in understanding his / her abilities, 3) commitment and determination of everyone in the organization, 4) Systematic thinking patterns, 5) Individual Skills, 6) Organizational team attitude, 7) Make generalizations, 8) A conception of an ideal future, 9) A vision which agreed upon by all members of the organization and 10) Maturity.
PENINGKATAN EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENGUATAN IKLIM SEKOLAH, DAN PENGETAHUAN GURU TENTANG KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Wulandari Indri , Suhardi Eka
Published: April 2020

IMPROVING LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS WITH STRENGTHENING SCHOOL ACADEMIC ATMOSPHERE, AND TEACHER KNOWLEDGE ABOUT 2013 CURRICULUMThis study aimed to determine how the learning effectiveness can be improved by examining the relationship between, 1) a school climate by learning effectiveness, 2) knowledge of the teachers about the curriculum 2013 with the effectiveness of learning, 3) the climate of the school and the teacher's knowledge of curriculum 2013 together with the effectiveness of learning. This study used a survey method with the correlational approach undertaken in servant teachers at SMAN Sukabumi. The population in this study amounted to 254 with a sample of 155 people. The collection of data for each variable studied was using questionnaires and tests. The statistical analysis was using regression correlation and partial correlation. The result produced three conclusions: firstly, there was a positive relationship between school climate by learning effectiveness. Secondly, there was a positive relationship between teachers' knowledge of curriculum 2013 with the effectiveness of learning. Thirdly, there was a positive relationship between school climate and teacher's knowledge of the curriculum 2013 together with the effectiveness of learning.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL KURIKULUM SEKOLAH INKLUSI BERDASARKAN KEBUTUHAN PERSEORANGAN ANAK DIDIK
Authors: Fajra Melda , Jalinus Nizwardi , Jama Jalius , Dakhi Oskah
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to establish the empirical validity of the curriculum model for children with special needs (ABK). The data collection is carried out using interviews, documentation, and observation, involving teachers, students, and school principals. The data analysis technique uses descriptive qualitative. The results show that in general teachers and principals considered the curriculum model developed to be relevant and applicable, containing basic competencies that were appropriate to the ability levels of students with special needs; for mild ABK who had minimal learning constraints, the number of basic competencies is less 21,1% than in the regular curriculum; whereas for ABK with a moderate level of difficulty, the number of basic competencies in the new curriculum is 37,3% less than the regular curriculum, and this group of students needs maximum support from others. The guidebook for the new curriculum in general is also considered easy to understand, well-written, and the appearance is sufficient. Thus it can be used as an alternative curriculum for use by a wider audience.

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk menetapkan validitas empiris model kurikulum untuk anak-anak dengan kebutuhan khusus (ABK). Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan melalui wawancara, dokumentasi serta observasi, melibatkan guru, murid dan kepala sekolah. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada umumnya guru dan kepala sekolah menilai model kurikulum yang dikembangkan sudah relevan dan dapat diterapakan, karena memuat kompetensi dasar yang sesuai dengan tingkat kemampuan siswa-siswa berkebutuhan khusus, bagi ABK ringan yang mempunyai kendala minimal dalam belajar, kompetensi dasar menyusut 21,1%. Sedangkan ABK dengan tingkat kesulitan sedang, kompetensi dasar dalam kurikuum menyusut 37,3%, dan kelompok siswa ini membutuhka ndukungan orang lain yang lebih maksimal. Adapun buku pedoman yang dikembangkan secara umum dinilai mudah dipahami, dan dari segi fomat penulisan dan wujud sudah memadai. Dengan demikian dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif kurikulum untuk digunakan oleh kalangan yang lebih luas.
A Novel Two Stage Controller for a DC-DC Boost Converter to Harvest Maximum Energy from the PV Power Generation
Authors: Charaabi Asma , Barambones Oscar , Zaidi Abdelaziz , Zanzouri Nadia
Published: April 2020

In this article, an efficient and fast two-stage approach for controlling DC-DC boost converter using non linear sliding mode controller for a PV power plant is proposed. The control approach is based on two online methods instead of using the conventional combination of online and offline methods to harvest maximum energy and deliver an output PV voltage with reduced ripples. The proposed two-stage maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control can be integrated into many applications such as hybrid electric vehicles. Simulation results compared with the standard approaches P&O prove the tracking efficiency of the proposed method under fast changing atmospheric conditions of an average 99.87% and a reduced average ripple of 0.06. The two-stage MPPT control was implemented involving the embedded dSPACE DSP in comparison to the classical P&O to prove the efficiency and the validity of the control scheme. The experimental set-up system was carried out on boost converter and programmable DC electronic resistive load to highlights the robustness of the proposed controller against atmospheric changes and parametric variation.
Effects of Crop Rotation and Biocontrol Amendments on Rhizoctonia Disease of Potato and Soil Microbial Communities
Authors: Larkin Robert P. , Brewer Marin T.
Published: April 2020

Rotation crops and biocontrol amendments were investigated for suppression of Rhizoctonia solani on potato (Solanum tuberosum) and their interactive effects on soil microbial communities. Greenhouse trials were conducted to evaluate selected rotation crops, including barley, common and “Lemtal” ryegrass, clover, potato, and combinations of barley with ryegrass or clover, for their effects on populations of R. solani and Rhizoctonia disease. Potato and clover preceding potato resulted in higher disease severity than most other rotations, whereas ryegrass reduced stem canker severity. In addition, all ryegrass treatments resulted in substantially higher populations of R. zeae. Field trials evaluating selected biocontrol treatments in combination with different rotations were conducted at two locations in Maine. Potatoes were treated with the biocontrol organisms Laetisaria arvalis, Trichoderma virens, or Bacillus subtilis and planted following rotation crops of barley and ryegrass, barley and clover, or potato. The barley/ryegrass rotation significantly reduced incidence and severity of stem canker and increased tuber yield at one location. Efficacy of the biocontrol treatments varied by rotation and location, with L. arvalis and T. virens reducing black scurf in some rotations and increasing some aspects of tuber yield at one location. Soil microbial community characteristics differed among rotation crops and biocontrol treatments. Significant crop by biocontrol interactions were observed demonstrating the complex interactions among rotation crops, biocontrol treatments, and soil microbial communities, as well as indicating that biocontrol can be enhanced within beneficial rotations.
Marginal Grapevine Germplasm from Apulia (Southern Italy) Represents an Unexplored Source of Genetic Diversity
Authors: Miazzi Monica Marilena , D’Agostino Nunzio , di Rienzo Valentina , Venerito Pasquale , Savino Vito Nicola , Fucilli Vincenzo , Ruffa Paola , Roseti Vincenzo , Pirolo Costantino , La Notte Pierfederico , Montemurro Cinzia , Taranto Francesca
Published: April 2020

The investigation on the genetic diversity of grapevine germplasm is crucial for a more efficient use of grapevine genetic resources in light of changing environmental conditions. Here, we used simple sequence repeats (SSRs) coupled with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to disclose grapevine genetic diversity of a collection of Apulian minor/neglected genotypes. Their relationships with national or international cultivars were also examined. Genetic diversity was investigated using 10 SSR markers and 1,178 SNPs generated by genotyping by sequencing (GBS). Based on the SSR data, the 128 genotypes were classified into six main genetic clusters. Twenty-four putative cases of synonymy and 2 of misnamings were detected. Ten “unknown” autochthonous genotypes did not show high similarity to Apulian, national, or international varieties. We took advantage of available GBS-derived SNP data points for only forty genotypes to better investigate the genetic distance among them, identify private SNP alleles, and divergent loci putatively under selection. Based on SNP alleles, two interesting gene pools of minor/neglected Apulian samples were identified. Genetic divergence was investigated by FST and allowed the detection of loci capable of differentiating the gene pools. Overall, this work emphasizes the need for recovering the untapped genetic variability that characterizes minor/neglected grapevine Apulian genotypes and the requirement to preserve and use more efficiently grapevine genetic resources in breeding programs.
Potentially Toxic Element Content in Arid Agricultural Soils in South Iran
Authors: Moghtaderi Tahereh , Shakeri Ata , Rodríguez-Seijo Andrés
Published: April 2020

Potentially toxic elements (PTE) are considered to be dangerous threats, both for human health and the environment. Here, the contamination level, sources, and ecological risks posed by PTE were investigated in 19 topsoils from agricultural lands in the Bandar Abbas County on the southern coast of Iran. The soil fraction <63 μm was used for the analysis of the pseudototal contents of PTE (arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, and zinc). The results were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson’s correlations, different pollution indices [enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (Cf), and modified degree of contamination (mCd), and the potential ecological risk index (PERI). The results of the pollution indices showed that the contamination levels of the studied agricultural soils are low to moderate, while the average PERI values indicate that the ecological risks of PTE range from low to high in the soils of the studied area. Correlations and PCA analyses suggest that studied elements have three possible origins: geogenic (chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, vanadium, and zinc), anthropogenic (cadmium, nickel, phosphorus and lead) and atmospheric (arsenic) sources. These findings are helpful for the long-term assessment of PTE in the Bandar Abbas County.
Nitrogen Fixation and Nutritional Yield of Cowpea-Amaranth Intercrop
Authors: Mndzebele Buhlebelive , Ncube Bhekumthetho , Nyathi Melvin , Kanu Sheku Alfred , Fessehazion Melake , Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe , Amoo Stephen , Modi Albert Thembinkosi
Published: April 2020

Nutrient-poor soils coupled with micronutrient deficiency among many rural resource-poor communities remain a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Nutrient-poor soils can be managed through various soil amendment or fertilisation strategies. Micronutrients can be supplied through plants. The study was aimed at determining the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of cowpea as well as the contribution of inter-cropping under varying levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilisation. In addition, the amount of micronutrients supplied by cowpea and amaranth were determined. The experiment was laid out in a 2 × 4 factorial treatment structure in a completely randomised design, with inter-cropping (cowpea and amaranth) and fertiliser (control, 25%, 50%, and 100% of the recommended NPK levels) as treatment factors with four replications. Symbiotic N2 fixation of cowpea decreased from 341–448 kgN.ha−1 to 77–91 kgN.ha−1 for the first year and 557–227 kgN.ha−1 to 92−164 kgN.ha−1 for the second year with fertilisation. The iron and zinc nutritional yield increased (61–210 g.ha−1 for first year and 304–867 g.ha−1, for second year), proportional to fertiliser application to both crops. The research shows the benefits of leguminous crops in soil nutrient fertility and inorganic fertilisation with inter-cropping in managing micronutrient deficiency to meet the nutritional needs of rural communities.
Nutrient Loaded Biochar Doubled Biomass Production in Juvenile Maize Plants (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Dietrich Charlotte C. , Rahaman Md Arifur , Robles-Aguilar Ana A. , Latif Sajid , Intani Kiatkamjon , Müller Joachim , Jablonowski Nicolai D.
Published: April 2020

Biochars have long been associated with elevating plant productivity. An increasing number of studies, however, report that char application might also impair plant nutrient availability and reduce yields. In particular, char accompanying compounds as well as a hypothesized immobilization of nitrogen have been identified as playing a significant role in possibly diminishing plant productivity following char application. Herein, we tested the fertilizing effects of modified biochars in order to derive knowledge required to develop tailor-made chars, which predictably affect plant nutrition. Slow-pyrolysis maize cob biochar was modified by washing with either ethanol or hydrochloric acid to remove ash and organic compounds or by loading it with nutrient-rich residues in the form of digestate from the bioenergy sector. Maize plants were grown for 35 days on biochar-amended sand. We analyzed both substrate properties (pH, total carbon, and nitrogen, available magnesium and potassium) and plant functional traits (biomass, leaf area, root to shoot ratio, specific leaf area). Our results suggest that total plant biomass production remained unaffected by the application of biochar and its washed forms. Contrastingly, nutrient-loaded biochar induced a significant increase in productivity at similar nutrient levels due to improved plant nutrient uptake. Further research is required to understand the role of biochar modifications that facilitated improvements in plant productivity.
Impact of Thermal and High-Pressure Treatments on the Microbiological Quality and In Vitro Digestibility of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae
Authors: Campbell Mairead , Ortuño Jordi , Stratakos Alexandros Ch. , Linton Mark , Corcionivoschi Nicolae , Elliott Tara , Koidis Anastasios , Theodoridou Katerina
Published: April 2020

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are gaining importance in animal feeding due to their ability to upcycle low-value agroindustry by-products into high-protein biomass. The present study evaluated the nutritional composition of BSFL reared on brewer’s by-product (BBP) and the impact of thermal (90 °C for 10/15 min) and high-pressure processing (HPP; 400/600MPa for 1.5/10 min) treatments on the microbial levels and in vitro digestibility in both ruminant and monogastric models. BBP-reared BSFL contained a high level of protein, amino acids, lauric acid, and calcium, and high counts of total viable counts (TVC; 7.97), Enterobacteriaceae (7.65), lactic acid bacteria (LAB; 6.50), and yeasts and moulds (YM; 5.07). Thermal processing was more effective (p < 0.05) than any of the HPP treatments in reducing TVC. Both temperature of 90 °C and pressure of 600 MPa reduced the levels of Enterobacteriaceae, LAB, and YM below the detection limit. In contrast, the application of the 400 MPa showed a reduced inactivation (p < 0.05) potential. Heat-treated samples did not result in any significant changes (p > 0.05) on any of the in vitro digestibility models, whereas HPP showed increased and decreased ruminal and monogastric digestibility, respectively. HPP did not seem to be a suitable, cost-effective method as an alternative to heat-processing for the large-scale treatment of BSFL.
Comparison of Methods for the Histological Evaluation of Odontocete Spiral Ganglion Cells
Authors: Ramírez Tania , Sacchini Simona , Paz Yania , Rosales Rubén S. , Câmara Nakita , Andrada Marisa , Arbelo Manuel , Fernández Antonio
Published: April 2020

Cetaceans greatly depend on their hearing system to perform many vital activities. The spiral ganglion is an essential component of the auditory pathway and can even be associated with injuries caused by anthropogenic noise. However, its anatomical location, characterized by surrounding bony structures, makes the anatomical and anatomopathological study of the spiral ganglion a difficult task. In order to obtain high-quality tissue samples, a perfect balance between decalcification and the preservation of neural components must be achieved. In this study, different methodologies for spiral ganglion sample preparation and preservation were evaluated. Hydrochloric acid had the shortest decalcification time but damaged the tissue extensively. Both formic acid and EDTA decalcification solutions had a longer decalcification time but exhibited better preservation of the neurons. However, improved cell morphology and staining were observed on ears pretreated with EDTA solution. Therefore, we suggest that decalcifying methodologies based on EDTA solutions should be used to obtain the highest quality samples for studying cell morphology and antigenicity in cetacean spiral ganglion neurons.
Impacts of Time-Fed Concentrate-Based Diets on Plasma Metabolites, Rumen Histology, and mRNA Expression of Hepatic Enzymes of Wethers
Authors: Chishti Ghazanfar A. , Salfer Isaac J. , Nedelkov Krum V. , Felix Tara L.
Published: April 2020

Transition to grain increases inflammation and causes parakeratosis, which can decrease growth performance in fattening animals. It is unknown if ruminants adapt to these inflammatory responses over time. In a three-phase, 49-day experiment, all wethers (n = 13, BW = 50.6 ± 4.7 kg; 4.9 ± 0.3 months of age) were fed an 80% forage diet during P1(day 0 to 21). On day 21, 4 wethers were slaughtered to obtain baseline liver and rumen tissue. During P2 (day 22 to 25), the remaining wethers were fed an 80% concentrate diet. Four wethers were slaughtered on day 25 to obtain P2 liver and rumen tissue. During P3 (day 22 to 49), the remaining five wethers were fed 80% concentrate diets and were slaughtered on day 49 to obtain P3 liver and rumen tissue. Rumen parakeratosis was greater (p ≤ 0.02) in wethers sampled in P2 and P3 when compared to those sampled in P1. Among positive acute phase reactants, expression of serum α-amyloid (SAA) and haptoglobin (HPT) tended (p ≤ 0.12) to be 6- and 10-fold greater, respectively, in wethers sampled in P2 compared to wethers sampled in P1; however, SAA and HPT expression was not different between wethers sampled in P3 and P1. Plasma glucose and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) increased (p ≤ 0.03) in wethers sampled in both P2 and P3 compared to the wethers sampled in P1, while total protein and cholesterol decreased (p ≤ 0.06) only in wethers sampled from P2 compared to those sampled in P1. Hepatic acute phase responses suggest that the wethers adapted to an 80% concentrate diet over time.
Polyphasic Validation of a Nisin-Biogel to Control Canine Periodontal Disease
Authors: Cunha Eva , Freitas Ferdinando Bernardino , São Braz Berta , Moreira da Silva Jorge , Tavares Luís , Veiga Ana Salomé , Oliveira Manuela
Published: April 2020

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease in dogs. This disease is initiated by a polymicrobial biofilm on the teeth surface, whose control includes its prevention and removal. Recently, it was shown that nisin displays antimicrobial activity against canine PD-related bacteria. Moreover, guar gum biogel has shown to be a promising topical delivery system for nisin. Methods: In this study we aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the nisin-biogel in the presence of canine saliva and after a 24-month storage, at different conditions, using a canine oral enterococci collection. We also studied the nisin-biogel cytotoxicity using a Vero cell line and canine primary intestinal fibroblasts. Results: The presence of saliva hampers nisin-biogel antimicrobial activity, and higher nisin concentrations were required for an effective activity. A significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in inhibitory activity was observed for nisin-biogel solutions stored at 37 °C, over a 24-month period, which was not observed with the other conditions. The nisin-biogel showed no cytotoxicity against the cells tested at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL. Conclusions: Our results confirmed the potential of the nisin-biogel for canine PD control, supporting the development of an in vivo clinical trial.
Two-Color Quantum Correlation between Down-Conversion Beams at 1.5 and 3.3 μm from a Singly Resonant Optical Parametric Oscillator
Authors: Nie Dandan , Feng Jinxia , Li Yuanji , Zhang Kuanshou
Published: April 2020

We demonstrated a two-color quantum correlation between the down-conversion beams with a telecommunication wavelength at 1.5 μm and mid-infrared wavelength at 3.3 μm generated by a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (SRO) operated above the pump threshold with a magnesium-oxide doped periodically-poled lithium niobate crystal in the cavity. A maximum of 1.8 dB noise reduction of the intensity difference of the twin beams was measured at the analysis frequency of 5 MHz. Based on a theoretical model for the quantum correlation between the twin beams given by a semi-classical approach, the influence of the analysis frequency and pump parameter on the quantum correlation between the twin beams was discussed theoretically and experimentally. The quantum correlation between the twin beams was degraded at the analysis frequencies above 5 MHz due to the limitation of the bandwidth of SRO cavity and was degraded at the analysis frequencies below 5 MHz due to the excess intensity noise of the pump. The two-color quantum correlated twin beams at 1.5 and 3.3 μm have potential applications in high-precision measurements beyond the shot noise level.
Real-Time FPGA-Based Balance Control Method for a Humanoid Robot Pushed by External Forces
Authors: Liu Chih-Cheng , Lee Tsu-Tian , Xiao Sheng-Ru , Lin Yi-Chung , Lin Yi-Yang , Wong Ching-Chang
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a real-time balance control method is designed and implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip for a small-sized humanoid robot. In the proposed balance control structure, there are four modules: (1) external force detection, (2) push recovery balance control, (3) trajectory planning, and (4) inverse kinematics. The proposed method is implemented on the FPGA chip so that it can quickly respond to keep the small-sized humanoid robot balanced when it is pushed by external forces. A gyroscope and an accelerometer are used to detect the inclination angle of the robot. When the robot is under the action of an external force, an excessively large inclination angle may be produced, causing it to lose its balance. A linear inverted pendulum with a flywheel model is employed to estimate a capture point where the robot should step to maintain its balance. In addition, the central pattern generators (CPGs) with a sinusoidal function are adopted to plan the stepping trajectories. Some experimental results are presented to illustrate that the proposed real-time balance control method can effectively enable the robot to keep its balance to avoid falling down.
Elemental Mercury Removal over CeO2/TiO2 Catalyst Prepared by Sol–Gel Method
Authors: Lv Qiang , Wang Chang’an , He Yang , Cai Ming , Che Defu
Published: April 2020

Elemental mercury (Hg0) emitted from a coal-fired boiler is a serious menace and challenge to humans. Using high-efficiency CeO2/TiO2 catalysts to enhance the conversion from elemental mercury to oxidized mercury is a promising approach to reducing Hg0 emission. However, most of the CeO2/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method or coprecipitation method while little attention has been paid to sol–gel method, which has many advantages in material production. In this study, a series of catalysts were synthesized through the sol–gel method to remove the gaseous Hg0 from simulated flue gas. The effect of vanadium (V) on Hg0 removal efficiency and the simultaneous removal of Hg0 and NO were also investigated. The results showed the optimal temperature for Hg0 removal over the CeO2/TiO2 catalysts was 350 °C. The oxidation of Hg0 could be promoted by O2, HCl, and NO, but inhibited by NH3 and SO2. The addition of vanadium could enhance the Hg0 removal performance and the resistance to NH3 and SO2. A synergetic effect was found during the simultaneous removal of Hg0 and NO. The high redox reaction reactivity of Ce4+/Ce3+ and V5+/V4+ should take the credit for the oxidation of Hg0 and the removal of NO. Based upon the performance tests and the characterization experiments of the samples, the detailed mechanisms of the Hg0 and NO removal over the catalysts were proposed.
Decision of Water Quality Measurement Locations for the Identification of Water Quality Problems under Emergency Link Pipe Operation
Authors: Lee Chan Wook , Yoo Do Guen
Published: April 2020

This study suggests a methodology for the decision of water quality measurement locations in order to identify water quality problems within a pipe network system under abnormal conditions. A water supply system conversion due to the occurrence of tank or pump problems between water supply zones was set as a possible abnormal scenario and the water flow direction sensitivity of the pipeline was quantified to estimate the water quality monitoring priority. The proposed methodology was applied to a new city, A, in South Korea, and the results are analyzed in detail and presented. The proposed methodology can be used as a method to select water quality monitoring points when establishing an operation plan for emergency link pipes. It is also expected that it can be applied in the evaluation of the adequacy of the previously established emergency link pipe operation plan.
Predicting Students’ Behavioral Intention to Use Open Source Software: A Combined View of the Technology Acceptance Model and Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Racero F. José , Bueno Salvador , Gallego M. Dolores
Published: April 2020

This study focuses on students’ behavioral intention to use Open Source Software (OSS). The article examines how students, who were trained in OSS, are motivated to continue using it. A conceptual model based on Self-Determination Theory and the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) was defined in order to test the behavioral intention to use OSS, comprising six constructs: (1) autonomy, (2) competence, (3) relatedness, (4) perceived ease of use, (5) perceived usefulness and (6) behavioral intention to use. A survey was designed for data collection. The participants were recent secondary school graduates, and all of them had received mandatory OSS training. A total of 352 valid responses were used to test the proposed structural model, which was performed using the Lisrel software. The results clearly confirmed the positive influence of the intrinsic motivations; autonomy and relatedness, to improve perceptions regarding the usefulness and ease of use of OSS, and; therefore, on behavioral intention to use OSS. In addition, the implications and limitations of this study are considered.
Influence of Structural Configurations on the Shear Fatigue Damage of the Blade Trailing-Edge Adhesive Joint
Authors: Chen Cheng , Li Hui , Wang Tongguang , Wang Long
Published: April 2020

Wind turbines are under continuous development for large-scale deployment and oceanization, leading to the requirement of longer blades. The economic losses caused by blade replacement and shutdown have increased. The downtime caused by blade issues in a wind turbine is 8–20% of the total downtime. Many of these blade issues originate from the cracking of the blade trailing edge. The edge is more susceptible to damage due to the complex geometry, manufacturing technique, and operation conditions. The traditional design method and the expensive experimental research are not suitable for the accurate damage analysis of the trailing-edge adhesive because of simplifying assumptions and costs. This study aimed to investigate the influence of trailing-edge structural configurations on the shear fatigue life of the trailing-edge adhesive joint using finite element and stress transformation matrix (STM) methods. The structural configurations of the blade trailing edge included the position of unidirectional fiber layer (UD), chamfer of bonding line, prefabricated components, and outer over-lamination of the trailing edge. In this study, the finite element method was used to simulate the blade structure. The shell element was used for laminates, and the solid element was used for the trailing-edge adhesive joint. The basic shear fatigue properties of the adhesive were obtained by standard component tests. The shear fatigue life of the blade trailing-edge adhesive joint under given load conditions was calculated using the fatigue properties of the adhesive and STM method. The results showed that the angle of chamfering, location of UD, rigidity of the preform, and outer over-lamination all had an obvious influence on the fatigue damage of trailing-edge adhesive. The findings of this study can be used to guide blade structure design and blade production and maintenance.
DEM Analysis of Track Ballast for Track Ballast–Wheel Interaction Simulation
Authors: Lim Nam-Hyoung , Kim Kyoung-Ju , Bae Hyun-Ung , Kim Seungjun
Published: April 2020

This study aims to suggest a rational analysis method for a track ballast–wheel interaction that could be further developed to model the interaction in a train-derailment event, based on the discrete-element method (DEM). Track ballast is filled with gravel to form the trackbed. Although finite-element analysis (FEA) is widely applied in structural analysis, track ballast cannot be analyzed using conventional FEA because this approach does not allow separation of elements that share nodes. The DEM has been developed to analyze the dynamic behavior of separable objects, assuming that the objects are rigid. Therefore, track ballast can be modeled as separable rigid pieces of gravel, and its dynamic behavior can be analyzed using a rational contact model. In this study, a rational numerical strategy for track ballast–wheel interaction was investigated using the DEM approach. The suggested analysis method was validated through comparison with the experimental results of a drop test. In addition, case studies were conducted to investigate the effects of the contact-model parameters on the simulation result.