bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnocultural competencies of a teacher in the context of education digitalization
Authors: Terentyeva Irina V. , Fakhrutdinova Anastasia V. , Fedorova Svetlana N. , Gaidamashko Igor V. , Fahrutdinova G. Z.
Published: April 2021

The topicality of this research problem is based on the necessity to create a digital educational environment and expand prospects of online education that is realized in correspondence with the project “Modern digital educational environment”, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation within the framework of implementing the state-run program “Education development” in 2013-2020. In the context of education digitalization, the requirements for teachers’ ethnocultural competencies also change and acquire new content. Consequently, the aim of the research is to elaborate and analyze the content of ethnocultural competencies in the context of education digitalization as well as to reveal and experimentally verify the effectiveness of practical experience of an educational institution in forming future teachers’ ethnocultural competencies. This article discusses the experience of the Faculty of Psychology and Pedagogy of Mari State University in this direction. Research methods: theoretical methods, аs far as empirical methods are concerned, a questionnaire and a pedagogical experiment were used. The 50 participants of this experiment are fourth- and fifth-year students pursuing a bachelor’s degree in Psychology and Pedagogy. Results and recommendations. These research results conclude that it is necessary to implement system-based and civilizational approaches when forming ethnocultural competencies of future teachers in the context of education digitalization. In this case, it will be possible to form a person adequate to the digital economy and able to use digital technologies in their ethnically oriented work. These research results can be applied to design curriculums and academic course syllabuses of higher education as well as to carry out comparative studies for improvement of education quality of future teachers.
Speaking skills development in ESL E-learning educational environment
Authors: Khamzovich Safin Ildar , Vladimorovna Khasanova Oxana , Anatolyevna Karimova Anna , Yurievna Semushina Elena , Viktorovna Shustova Svetlana
Published: April 2021

The article focuses on the peculiarities of teaching speaking in E-learning educational environment, which today is a must for organizing educational process of high quality. The material to analyze is based on the on-line part of the course "Foreign language practice (English)", worked out for the students of Bachelor’s Program "Pedagogical Education (double major) and Second Foreign language " (5 years, full time) of Kazan Federal University. The status of foreign language teachers has always been high as they play an important role in fostering cross-cultural communication, in promoting tolerance and bridging nations and countries. It is up to teachers to make students understand the essence of successful communication that lies in respecting the diversity of cultures, peoples, nations, and languages. In this respect being culturally competent is of great importance (MINGAZOVA; MELLO; GAFIYATOVA, 2017). The course "Foreign language practice (English)" is located on the platform edu.kpfu.ru. Special attention is paid to the implementation of a communicative approach when teaching speaking, considering the individual educational trajectory of the student or the study group. In addition, the research gives the gist of the theoretical analysis and the results of the experimental testing of the teaching speaking approaches, the effectiveness of the methods used when forming speaking skills of the students. Thus, we could state that when teaching speaking in E-learning educational environment, it is necessary to conduct preparatory stages in the form of studying and training new vocabulary online, which leads to the possibility to give more time to group forms of work during face-to-face classes. The groundwork and analysis of the selected factual material indicate that, teaching speaking can be effectively carried out online, if certain requirements are met, such as the use of a communicative approach, the proper organization of individual and group work, high self-discipline and motivation of the student and the teacher. The use of E-learning educational environment can improve the quality of training speaking skills in higher educational institution.
Alkali activation of different type of ash as a production of combustion process
Authors: Nenadovic Milos , Ferone Claudio , Kljajevic Ljiljana , Mirkovic Miljana , Todorovic Bratislav , Vukanac Ivana , Nenadovic Snezana
Published: April 2021

Presented study deals with the final structure and radiological properties of different fly-ash based geopolymers. Lignite fly-ash (lignite Kolubara ? Serbia) and wood fly ash were obtained in combustion process together with commercial fly-ash. Synthesis of the geopolymers was conducted by mixing fly-ash, sodium silicate solution, NaOH and water. The samples were strengthened 60 ?C for 48 hours after staying at room temperature in covering mold for 24 hours. The X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and SAM measurements were conducted on the samples after 28 days of geopolymerization process. The X-ray diffraction measurements of lignite fly-ash samples show anhydrite as the main constituent, while wood fly-ash samples consist of calcite, albite and gypsum minerals. Besides determination of physicochemical properties, the aim of this study was radiological characterization of lignite fly-ash, wood fly-ash and the obtained geopolymer products. Activity concentration of 40K and radionuclides from the 238U and 232Th decay series, in ash samples and fly-ash based geopolymers, were determined by means of gamma-ray spectrometry, and the absorbed dose rate, D, and the annual effective dose rate, E, were calculated in accordance with the UNSCEAR 2000 report.
THE ACT OF ABDUCTION AND WOMEN TRAFFICKING IN NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT (NIAC): BOKO HARAM CASE
Authors: Adelina Astrid , Khairunissa Ishadi Nadhifa
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Armed conflict situations will always have real negative implications, one of them is the attack against civilians. Civilians are considered as non-combatant, they do not participate in armed conflicts, thus they should not be targeted and attacked. One of the civilian groups who have special protection is women. But, in reality, women still frequently become the main victim. In the case of non-international armed conflict between Nigeria and Boko Haram, it is found that 2000 female students were abducted. They were sexually abused such as raped, sexual slavery, forced marriage, trafficked and ordered to commit suicide bombing. Nigeria is a state party to Additional Protocol II of the 1949 Geneva Convention as well as Rome Statute 1998. Nonetheless the crimes cannot be avoided and go unpunished. This paper highlights the analysis of the crime addressed to women from the perspective of international humanitarian law and international criminal law particularly in regards to the law enforcement. Research indicates that there is impunity which causes unwillingness of Nigeria to enforce the law against Boko Haram. Hence the international mechanism through ICC can be the best option to bring justice.

Keywords: Boko Haram, International Criminal Law, International Humanitarian Law, Non-International Armed Conflict, Women.

 

ABSTRAK

Keadaan konflik bersenjata akan selalu memiliki implikasi negatif yang nyata, salah satunya terhadap pihak sipil. Pihak sipil disebut sebagai non-kombatan, yaitu orang-orang yang tidak berpartisipasi di dalam konflik bersenjata, yang berarti orang-orang tersebut bukanlah target dan tidak boleh diserang. Salah satu pihak yang mendapat perlindungan khusus adalah perempuan. Tetapi, pada kenyataannya perempuan masih sering menjadi korban utama. dalam konflik non-internasional antara Nigeria dan Boko Haram, ditemukan fakta 2000 pelajar perempuan diculik. Mereka mengalami berbagai kekerasan seksual seperti pemerkosaan, budak seks, kawin paksa, perdagangan manusia, dan bahkan untuk melakukan bom bunuh diri. Nigeria adalah negara pihak Protokol Tambahan II Konvensi Jenewa 1949 dan Statuta Roma 1998. Namun kejahatan-kejahatan tersebut tidak dapat terhindari dan tidak diadili. Tulisan ini menitikberatkan penegakan hukum terkait kejahatan terhadap perempuan dilihat dari perspektif hukum humaniter internasional dan hukum pidana internasional. Berdasarkan penelitian, terdapat praktek impunitas yang menunjukan ketidakmauan Nigeria untuk melakukan penegakan hukum terhadap Boko Haram sebagai pelaku kejahatan tersebut. Oleh karenanya mekanisme ICC dapat merupakan pilihan terbaik untuk menegakan keadilan.

Kata Kunci: Boko Haram, Hukum Humaniter Internasional, Hukum Pidana Internasional, Konflik Bersenjata Non-Internasional, Perempuan
Recombinant Sip Young 6 His Protein Production from the Sea Star Igkappa Gene, after Cloning
Authors: Leclerc Michel
Published: April 2021

In 2014 we have isolated and cloned the sea star Igkappa gene which induced an anti-HRP primitive invertebrate antibody. We attempt, in the present work, for the first time in Invertebrates, to produce a SIP Young 6 His protein through HeK 293 EBNA cells.
English K-12 Teacher Experiences in Saudi Arabia in the Pandemic Era: A Follow-up Study of One Khbrat University Program
Authors: Daraghmeh Ahlam , Mead Hilary , Copeland Kathleen
Published: April 2021

A mixed-methods study examines the impact of the pandemic-driven move to virtual learning on K-12 (kindergarten through twelfth grade) English teacher experiences in Saudi Arabia to inform future development of the teaching of English in the country. Research is limited in K-12 English instruction in the country, and it is just emerging on the pandemic’s impact on education in the MENA region. The 35 subjects were English educators who completed the Saudi government-sponsored professional development program, Khbrat, at one U.S. university. Contextualized within the literature on technology in instruction, leadership frameworks, and Vision 2030 education reforms, the study explores the convergence of technological, institutional, and socio-cultural factors affecting innovation in English education to address the research question of how the pandemic has impacted Khbrat graduates as EFL teachers and as change agents in their country. Integrated analysis of survey and interview data reveals patterns of both acceleration and constraint. Findings suggest pathways to leverage virtual technology and acquired knowledge and skills of Khbrat English teacher graduates to deliver EFL professional development with a more pedagogical focus and to build coalitions among EFL educators to sustain the forward movement of innovation in English education in post-pandemic Saudi Arabia. The study concludes with recommendations for future applications.
English Language Teaching in KSA in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Positive Outcomes
Authors: A. Al-Samiri Reem
Published: April 2021

The pandemic of 2020 was a watershed moment for all educators worldwide as schools and universities were forced to close their doors to avoid the spread of COVID-19. Thus, a new movement towards widespread e-learning emerged with unknown consequences for learners and educators alike. The situation in Saudi Arabia was no exception. The purpose of this study is to explore how English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching and learning at the tertiary level in Saudi Arabia was impacted negatively and positively by the move to online learning. It reviews research published since the onset of the pandemic, with a specific focus on English language teaching at Saudi universities, to analyze the challenges faced by Saudi EFL teachers and learners since the shift to e-learning. One of the biggest challenges observed was students’ lack of motivation, which upon further review was found to be linked to other contributing factors, such as technological issues, inapt learning environments, and students’ mental health. This paper also examines the unforeseen positive outcomes resulting from the digital transformation, including the benefits of the flexibility of place and time and promotion of particular language skills. The current research synthesis will help contribute to the knowledge of online English teaching in the Saudi context.
Virtual Mini-Lecture in Distance Learning Space
Authors: Palatovska Olena , Bondar Mariana , Syniavska Olga , Muntian Oleksandr
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally affected all the spheres of human life, including education. Universities worldwide have established distance learning, which demanded combining and improving both traditional and innovative education forms. The article offers a comprehensive analysis of pre-recorded mini-lectures in the educational space of distance learningfor different scientific-educational Internet projects (Coursera, PostNauka, Udacity, edX, LinguaLeo, EdEra, etc.). Mini-lectures are complete pieces of speech limited in time and accessible to multiple reproductions; that is why they are quite a representative material for the research of the generation of cognitive processes and perception of a verbal educational message in asynchronous online learning. The significant results of the study include: the definition of invariable characteristics of virtual mini-lectures (distance, virtuality, mediation, situational incorrigibility, multimodality), defining cognitive strategies of the speaker and the listener in an asynchronous lecture interaction, finding the points of contact (motivation and interest in transferring and receiving information) between them. The article also describes the linguistic features of virtual mini-lecture. These conclusions can find practical application in the development of methodology for the distance teaching of linguistic disciplines.
Sheltered Instructional Observational Protocol Model in Digital Teaching EFL Students in Ukraine
Authors: Solodka Anzhelika , Zaskaleta Svitlana , Moroz Tetiana , Demianenko Olha
Published: April 2021

Digital teaching has become an alternative way to replace the conventional learning process in COVID pandemic time. Educators explore different language achievement strategies to assist students on the way to academic success. One of the approaches the teachers can benefit from significantly is instructional modal – the Sheltered Instructional Observational Protocol (SIOP). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of SIOP instructional strategies in this digital teaching of EFL students. The study was conducted at the undergraduate level for English language learners in the Faculty of Philology, V.O. Sukhomlynskyi National University of Mykolaiv, Ukraine. The researchers conducted the study in the first semester of 2020. The contribution of this study is to evaluate experience of teachers in instructional strategies and to assess their effectiveness in digital teaching. The study analyzes the responses of twenty-five teachers and 63 students to the SIOP-based survey. A descriptive statistical method was used to test the validation. The results of the recearch show that EFL learners are not satisfied with activities to apply language and content knowledge. The results justified that teachers need to establish active online communication with their students. The study presents some recommendations for EFL teachers to improve their professional skills by adopting the specific components of SIOP and mastering their instructional strategies in digital learning. The implementation of the SIOP Model in digital teaching could bring appropriate and meaningful resources for high school teachers as a tool for them to grow professionally in COVID pandemic time.
Zoom Sessions in Distant Learning: Algerian EFL Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes
Authors: Souheyla Benmansour
Published: April 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, when classroom instructions are interrupted, teachers and students approach digitalization and become familiar with web conferencing. The present research aims to examine Algerian EFL students’ motivation about the use of Zoom, as an asynchronous learning approach, to help ‘bridge the gaps’, and cope with the changes they encounter while exploring online learning. As such, the main questions that set the study are: How academically appropriate is the Zoom’s integration for enhancing EFL students’ motivation? How can the perceived obstacles be challenged for the proper integration of Zoom? To answer these problematic questions, the researcher conducted a case study with twenty EFL students at Oran university of Algeria. Informal, structured interviews and semi-structured questionnaires were employed. This study concluded that participant students have overall positive perspectives about using Zoom sessions with some limitations. Training students to use ICTs and developing positive perceptions about using online educational platforms and applications were the main recommendations for using zoom classes.
E-Assessment at Jordan’s Universities in the Time of the COVID-19 Lockdown: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: A. Sa’di Rami , Abdelraziq Ahmad , A. Sharadgah Talha
Published: April 2021

This study aims to delineate the observations of instructors at Princess Sumaya University for Technology (PSUT) in Jordan with regards to online assessment of their students in the time of the Coronavirus lockdown. Specifically, the study attempts to find out whether universities are prepared for online assessment during the lockdown and to probe feasible solutions to the challenges that hinder proper assessment in a virtual learning environment (VLE). As the challenges are determined, the study suggests a number of practical solutions. Data on faculty’s observations were obtained by means of an online survey. Eighty-three faculty members participated in this study. The findings showed that universities swiftly shifted to e-classes during the lockdown but that they were not adequately primed for an appropriate assessment in an online environment. The findings further showed that instructors were skeptical about the efficiency of remote assessment of their students. In addition, faculty members believed there was still a long way to go with regards to (1) the unavailability of reliable software to preclude academic dishonesty; (2) some faculty being unable to assess their students in VLE as it was their first experience; and (3) formative assessment not having been given enough attention. It is concluded that universities should have an exigency strategy for any sudden future lockdowns. This strategy includes, among other things, intensive e-teaching and e-testing training for faculty, high-tech invigilation and plagiarism software, reliable e-learning platforms with sufficient Internet bandwidth, setting up an e-assessment council at the university level.
The Use of Hypermedia Technologies in Higher Education Institutions during Covid Lockdown
Authors: Koliasa Olena , Lelet Iryna , Serebriakova Valeriia , Yukhymets Svitlana
Published: April 2021

The World Wide Web continuously provides rapid access to information, and numerous information resources, virtually unlimited. The convenience and interactivity of its usage encourage people to turn to it in the educational process rather often while teaching or studying unfamiliar topics. Hypertext resources of different kinds have become a virtual educational environment. They offer new opportunities for structuring, presenting, adapting, and integrating contemporary learning materials. Besides, hypermedia technologies have made a considerable breakthrough in the educational process, particularly in self-education, combining hitherto incompatible elements. The article focuses on practical experience in the introduction of hypertext in the educational process of higher education institutions in general and during pandemic periods, in particular, the world faces nowadays. In the course of the research, it was emphasized that such technologies are pretty significant in implementing distance learning. Hypermedia technologies create especially suitable conditions for the independent acquisition and quality assimilation of the necessary information, which can be easily integrated into the educational process. The provided analysis of the implementation of e-learning materials based on hypertext and multimedia tools made it possible to point out the advantages and disadvantages of the described technologies (compared to traditional usage of printed textbooks), thus identifying their didactic potential. They became especially of great importance during the coronavirus lockdown.
Devices and Platforms Used in Emergency Remote Learning and Teaching During Covid19: A Case of English Major Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Shammari Mishal H
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the experiences of English major students at the College of Language and Translation (COLT) in King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, with Emergency Remote Learning and Teaching (ERLT) during the Covid-19 crisis. It focuses on the students’ preferences for devices and platforms, and gender differences influencing their choices. The study is of significance because it considers the student-centered learning approaches. The paper also seeks to answer the question as to the factors that lead students to make their preferences for the online teaching tools and devices. A total of 150 students, both men, and women, participated in the study. An online survey was carried out in the form of questionnaires to elicit their responses. The results showed that laptop computers were the dominant devices students used and preferred. They also revealed that the Zoom platform came first in students’ preferences, followed by Blackboard. Also, the findings showed that although participants used smartphones in their ERL, they did not recommend it, and it came last compared to laptops, tablets, and desktop computers in their order of preference. Gender differences existed in preferences to desktops and tablets in ERL. Another gender difference existed in preferences to platforms. Women students preferred Blackboard to Zoom while men students expressed the opposite.
Engaging Students Online with Technology-Mediated Task-Based Language Teaching
Authors: Subrahmanyam Vellanki Surya , Bandu Sasidhar
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic effected a sudden shift to online teaching, prompting teachers to implement many uncommon or even unusual teaching techniques in this unforeseen context. This precipitous move to online teaching has radically altered our teaching practices, where teachers have had to either completely do away with traditional practices or modify them in significant ways. One of the primary concerns of online teaching voiced by many teachers is to hold students’ interest and keep them engaged in the virtual classroom. Another challenge has been to make students interact with each other and the teacher. The authors of this paper believe that Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) addresses these concerns head-on. There are two reasons for this: first, its emphasis on real-life language through meaningful tasks; and second, it is student-centered. This paper provides a brief background of TBLT and technology-mediated TBLT. It will show how some coursebook materials could be used in TBLT to help online learners improve their language skills. The paper also outlines with examples how technology-mediated tasks could be deployed to encourage learners to use language in productive ways. Finally, the authors discuss some of the anticipated challenges concerning the application of TBLT in online teaching and learning contexts.
Developing Elementary EFL Learners’ Procedural Knowledge and Strategic Awareness in Reading Classes during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Algerian Teachers’ Challenges
Authors: AMMOUR Kamila
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected educational systems worldwide, leading some scholars to scrutinise the consequences of lockdown and school closure on learners’ learning habits and teachers’ teaching practices. In this regard, this paper aims to explore the teachers’ challenges while implementing a reading strategy-based instruction for beginners during the Covid-19 pandemic, taking the Algerian middle schools as a case in point. It highlights the difficulties to achieving quality in developing learners’ procedural knowledge and strategic awareness in EFL reading classes. The leading approach to the issue is the interactive approach. To attain the objective of the research, the qualitative method was adopted. Classroom observation and structured interviews were used to collect data. The population targeted was composed of 20 teachers from 16 middle schools in Tizi-Ouzou. The collected data were subjected to qualitative content analysis. The results of the study reveal that most teachers are aware of the importance of reading strategy-based instruction. However, they do not teach them systematically or consistently. Indeed, lack of targeted teacher training, time constraints, and disregard of metacognitive instruction are likely to be obstacles to the efficient implementation of reading strategy-instruction. Furthermore, the Covid-19 pandemic has thrown up several psychological and cognitive learners’ difficulties, including decreased motivation and lack of cognitive focus, making the teaching process more challenging. The results imply a need for a revision of teachers’ professional development programs and a re-consideration of the elementary EFL courses.
Una propuesta cronológica para la Cueva de El Castillo (Puente Viesgo, Cantabria), basada en su estratigrafía iconográfica
Authors: Ripoll López Sergio , Bayarri Cayón Vicente , Castillo López Elena , Latova-Fernández Luna José , Muñoz Ibáñez Francisco J.
Published: April 2021

Some years ago, we began a review of the work done by E. Ripoll in 1953. During this time, we have examined not only each and every one of the figures discovered by him, but have also expanded the list, reaching nearly all the 450 new figures in the entire cave. This significant increase is thanks to the use of new technologies, such as a 3D scanner, digital filters, multispectral algorithms, giga images, or the newest innovation, the use, for the first time in our studies on cave art, of hyperspectral methodology. The latter gives us access to a much wider light spectrum than the one created by multispectral analysis.
Pengaruh E-Commerce, Innovation Capability dan Family Support Terhadap Keputusan Berwirausaha Mahasiswa Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo
Authors: Hapsary Norma , Farida Umi , Santoso Adi
Published: April 2021

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh E-Commerce, Innovation Capability dan Family Support terhadap Keputusan Berwirausaha Mahasiswa Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Muhamadiyah Ponorogo. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa jurusan management Tahun Angkatan 2016-2018 yang berjumlah 694 mahasiswa. Penentuan Sampel yang digunakan yaitu berdasarkan presentase sedangkan tehnika pengaambilan sampel menggunakan Purposiv Sampling dengan jumlah 60 responden. Pengambilan data padaa penelitiaan ini dengan cara menyebar kuisioner pada seluruh responden. Metode analisis penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitiana ini menunjukaan bahwa : (1;) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan E-Commerce terhadap Keputusan Berwirausaha, (2;) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan Innvation Capability terhadap Keputusan Berwirausaha, (3;) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan Family Support terhadap Keputusan Berwirausaha, (;4) Terdapat pengaruh signifikan E-Commerce, Innovation Capability dan Family Support secara simultan terhadap Keputusan Berwirausaha.Kata Kunci : E-Commerce, Innovation Capability, Family Support dan Keputusan Berwirausaha
What Effects do Silver Nanoparticles Have on Drosophila melanogaster Larvae with Respect to Stress Response and Microbial Intestinal Composition?
Authors: Jahagirdar Ishanee
Published: April 2021

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been shown to be highly toxic to certain organisms and can induce stress in cells. The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to examine the stress response to AgNP exposure on Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) larvae, and secondly, to determine if exposure to AgNPs alters the intestinal bacterial composition. To answer these questions, fruit flies were grown on food mixed with AgNPs. Larvae were monitored for their ability to escape from heat stress and their climbing ability before metamorphosis into pupae. Larval wandering behaviour was examined by devising a test to determine if they could crawl their way back to food. In order to examine the flora in the digestive tract, DNA was isolated from dissected larval intestines, purified and then a relatively conserved portion of the bacterial DNA was amplified. These samples were then sent for pyrosequencing, which is a technique that will allow us to examine the composition of the intestinal microbial population. Preliminary results have been mixed. There has been some suggestion of a stress response, but this has not been very consistent. Therefore, more experiments need to be done. However, the bacterial population of the gut does seem to change after the treatment, indicating that AgNP exposure results in altered microbial composition in D. melanogaster intestines. It is hoped that this research will help elucidate our understanding of the impact NPs have on organisms, which is highly relevant because of the high prevalence of NPs in consumer and medicinal materials.
Gastrointestinal obstruction in the course of incarcerated rectal prolapse – a case report
Authors: Ciesielski Przemysław , Sala Mateusz , Siekierski Paweł , Kołodziejczak Małgorzata
Published: April 2021

Full thickness rectal prolapse is rare among young individuals. In most cases, rectal prolapse occurs only during bowel movement and the prolapsed rectum returns spontaneously afterwards. In rare cases, however, increased oedema makes it impossible for the rectum to return and may cause lower intestinal obstruction. We describe a case of a 50-year-old male with intestinal obstruction due to incarcerated rectal prolapse. The patient was qualified for an urgent surgery using the Altemeier’s technique. Perineal rectal resection is a method that has been used for many years. It is dedicated mostly to patients at an advanced age who additionally require levator repair due to pelvic floor muscle failure, which is relatively easy to perform using this access. In the presented case, however, perineal access was the only one possible regardless of the pelvic floor function. The surgery itself and the postoperative period were uneventful, and the functional treatment outcome was excellent. Conclusion: the Altemeier’s procedure is an effective treatment option for intestinal obstruction due to incarcerated rectal prolapse.
Władysław Dering i Jan Grabczyński – lekarze-więźniowie w Auschwitz
Authors: Ciesielska Maria
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article is to present the war stories of two surgeons who had to deal with an extreme situation – working as prisoners in KL Auschwitz: dr. Władysław Dering and dr. Jan Grabczyński. Although the vast majority of doctors employed in the camp hospitals were courageous and self-sacrifice, unfortunately not all of them kept the words of a Hippocratic Oath. Many doctors were forced to participate in criminal pseudo medical experiments. Few of tchem refused to participate in it. Others tried to carry out their duties with commitment and care for the sick, trying help tchem survive the camp. There were also those who served SS doctors. The doctors presented in the article had a completely different approach to the victims of experiments and interpreted their mission quite differently in these inhuman conditions. While Dr. Dering was brutal and cruel, Dr. Grabczyński cared for the sick as much as it was possible.
A patient with a foreign body in the large intestine – a case report
Authors: Siekierski Paweł , Kiereś Waldemar , Ciesielski Przemysław
Published: April 2021

Cases of patients with foreign bodies impacted in the terminal part of the gastrointestinal tract are rarely encountered in everyday surgical practice. Injuries and sexual practices are the most common aetiology of foreign body impaction in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Different types of surgical interventions are often needed in patients with anal or rectal foreign bodies. We describe a case of a 45-year-old patient who reported to hospital with the symptoms of low gastrointestinal obstruction. The man introduced a large foreign body into his anus during sexual play and was unable to remove it by himself. An attempt to remove the foreign body through the perineal access was made, but was unsuccessful due to the size of the impacted object. The patient was qualified for surgical treatment. Laparotomy was performed, and the foreign body was removed by a simultaneous use of abdominal pressure and extraction from the anal canal.
Dr Stanisław Michałek-Grodzki (1889?1951) – twórca polskiej szkoły chirurgii plastycznej
Authors: Ciesielska Maria
Published: April 2021

Dr Stanisław Michałek-Grodzki was the first plastic surgeon in Poland. To obtain the appropriate qualifications he was trained in foreign clinics in France, Italy and Czechoslovakia. During the First World War he was a military doctor. From the early 1930s, he sought to create a clinic for people requiring reconstructive and plastic surgery, and to create a special plastic surgery department. During the German occupation of Poland, he worked at the Ujazdowski Hospital in Warsaw, where he performed hundreds of reconstruction operations to save injured Polish soldiers from disability. Despite the imminent danger, he performed procedures reversing the effects of circumcision on Jews hiding on the so-called Aryan side. In 1951 he became the director of the first hospital in Poland dealing in plastic and reconstructive surgery. He left behind unpublished medical documentation, including photos, radiographs and videos of his procedures, and a book of his own authorship.
PENGENALAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA BAGI SISWA DI PERBATASAN : PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT DI PULAU SEBATIK
Authors: Tobroni Faiq
Published: April 2021

Human Rights Study does not only serve to introduce the freedom that everyone has. This study is also appropriate to be used as a media to strengthen nationalism. The purpose of service is to provide an understanding of the important role of the state in respecting, protecting and fulfilling human rights, this understanding will strengthen the spirit of love of every citizen of his country (nationalism). Utilizing this relationship, the author innovates service through the introduction of human rights to students in border areas to strengthen their nationalism. This service method is carried out with several activities, namely telling stories, singing and playing guesses related to the theme of human rights. The choice of some of these activities is intended to adjust the service goals, namely elementary school students. Paying attention to the psychology of their age, the introduction of human rights is done in such a way that is in a language that is easily understood by children of primary school age. The result of dedication is that even with simple language and fun techniques, this service has succeeded in introducing human rights to elementary school students while at the same time strengthening their nationalism by connecting the concept of the struggle for human rights with the struggle for Indonesian independence.Keywords: Human Rights, Independence, Nationalism and Students. AbstrakKajian Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) tidak hanya berfungsi mengenalkan kebebasan yang dimiliki setiap orang. Kajian ini juga layak digunakan sebagai media penguatan nasionalisme. Tujuan pengabdian adalah memberikan pemahaman pentingnya peran negara dalam penghormatan, perlindungan dan pemenuhan HAM, pemahaman ini akan memperkuat semangat kecintaan setiap warga negara kepada negaranya (nasionalisme). Memanfaatkan hubungan tersebut, penulis menginovasi pengabdian melalui pengenalan HAM kepada siswa di wilayah perbatasan untuk memperkuat nasionalisme mereka.  Metode pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dengan beberapa kegiatan, yakni bercerita, bernyanyi dan bermain tebak-tebakan berkaitan dengan tema HAM. Pilihan beberapa kegiatan tersebut dimaksudkan untuk menyesuaikan sasaran pengabdian, yakni siswa sekolah dasar. Memperhatikan psikologi usia mereka, pengenalan HAM dilakukan sedemikian rupa sesuai dengan bahasa yang mudah dipahami oleh anak-anak usia sekolah dasar. Hasil pengabdian yaitu walaupun dngan bahasa yang sederhana dan teknik yang menyenangkan, pegabdian ini berhasil memperkenalkan HAM kepada siswa sekolah dasar sekaligus memmperkuat nasionalisme mereka dengan cara menghubungkan konsep perjuangan HAM dengan perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Hak Asasi Manusia, Kemerdekaan, Nasionalisme dan Siswa.
Psychological approach towards studying the naive art: practice of art brut
Authors: Avdeyeva Vera  Vladimirovna
Published: April 2021

The subject of this research is the peculiarities of the psychological approaches of European experts of the late XIX – early XX centuries (psychiatrists of the so-called “historical psychiatry”), art historians and painters of the XX century, specializing in collection of the works of mentally ill people (or art brut). The historical-comparative method is applied for determination of the specifics of the naive art of Western Europe in the XIX – XX centuries and its comparison with other areas of amateur art of this period. The psychological approach is essential for studying the works of mentally ill people (or art brut) and its key peculiarities. The comparative method allows analyzing the modern forms of art brut and naive art. The novelty consists in outlining the principal psychological approaches of foreign experts with the art brut, the interpretation of which contributes to decoding of all amateur art. Evolution of views stems from determination of similarities between genius and mental disorders, tracing patterns in creative process of the patients, assessment of the ability of a person with mental disorder to creative thinking and invent the object of art prior to learning the artistic beginning. In this regard, the psychological approach revealed the key trends in studying amateur art: from the perspective of Marseille Rege (with his “embryonic” view) to the point of view of Morgenthaller (with his realization of creativity of the patients), and artistic views of Prinzhorn and Dubuffet, who focus on the art criteria: vision of form, color, composition and other formal attributes of an artwork. Thus, the interpretation of art brut becomes a certain “bridge” for understanding the sphere of the naive art.
Las actividades turísticas en la economía colaborativa ¿en qué consisten y quiénes son sus proveedores?
Authors:   Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (España), Melián González Santiago , Bulchand Gidumal Jacques ,   Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (España)
Published: April 2021

The sharing economy continues to grow inside the tourism industry. Although sharing tours and activities have been being offered now for quite some time, Airbnb has produced major changes in what is on offer. This articles compares what is on offer with the activities detailed in two webs of major professional suppliers to go on to contrast the suppliers’ characteristics with the theory of the sharing economy as re‑ flected in the literature available. AirBnB tours and activities were downloaded for four regions in Spain and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively allowing us to identify the “shared” activities with the traditional tourism economy and the differences. The conclusion reached is that most “sharing economy” suppliers do not fit the profile generally attributed to the same in the literature, while managers of DMOs can rest at ease with visitor perception since such is highly satisfied with the experiences and activities on offer.
Oral submucous fibrosis: An overview of a challenging entity
Authors: Gupta Sonia , Jawanda Manveen Kaur
Published: April 2021

The oral cavity is considered to be a mirror of the body’s health, as it reflects the manifestations of various systemic disorders. Most of the oral mucosa is derived embryologically from an invagination of ectoderm and thus, like other similar orifices, it may become involved in the disorders that are primarily associated with the skin. Oral submucous fibrosis is one of the commonest precancerous conditions of the oral mucosa involving any part of the oral cavity resulting in tissue scarring, dysphagia and trismus. It is a collagen-related disorder characterized by excessive fibrosis in the oral submucosa, hyalinization and degenerative changes in the muscles. This disease has become a challenging entity for dermatologists due to resemblance of its features to various mucocutaneous conditions. An improper diagnosis can lead to wrong treatment and additional complications. Dermatologists need to be aware of the characteristic features of this disease which can distinguish it from other similar conditions. This review aims to focus on the detailed aspects of oral submucous fibrosis including its historical background, etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, investigations, management and future perspectives.
Unusual cutaneous manifestations of dracunculiasis: Two rare case reports
Authors: Darkase Bhushan Amol , Ratnaprkhi Tejaswini , Bhatt Kalpana , Khopkar Uday
Published: April 2021

A nematode parasite, Dracunculus medinensis, causes dracunculiasis. Despite being non-fatal, this condition causes significant morbidity. Dracunculiasis is considered an eradicated disease in India since 1999. We report two cases that document the unusual linear morphea-like morphology of the calcified D. medinensis and the rare periorbital location of the worm. The cases presented here are rare and a diagnostic challenge, considering the eradicated status of dracunculiasis.
Serbest Zaman Engelleri ile İlgilenim Arasındaki İlişki: Fitness Merkezi Katılımcıları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: SERDAR Emrah
Published: April 2021

Araştırmanın amacı, fitness merkezini kullanan bireylerin serbest zaman faaliyetlerine ilişkin engelleri ile ilgilenimleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, İstanbul ilinde bulunan özel fitness merkezine üye olan ve amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen toplamda 216 kişi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Alexandris ve Carroll (1997) tarafından geliştirilen ve Gürbüz ve vd., (2020) tarafından Türkçe ‘ye uyarlanan “Boş Zaman Engelleri Ölçeği (BZEÖ)” ile Kyle ve vd., (2007) tarafından geliştirilen ve Gürbüz ve vd., (2018) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Serbest Zaman İlgilenim Ölçeği (SZİÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Analiz olarak ise, betimsel istatistikler, MANOVA ve Pearson korelasyon analizlerinden faydalanılmıştır. MANOVA analizi sonuçları; “Fitness Merkezi Kullanım Sıklıkları” göre boş zaman engelleri ölçeğinin “Birey Psikolojisi” ve “Tesis” alt boyutunda anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir. SZİÖ’ne ilişkin MANOVA analizi sonuçlarına göre; “Cinsiyete” göre SZİÖ’nin “Önem Verme” alt boyutunda anlamlı farklılık olduğu, bireylerin “Fitness Merkezi Kullanım Sıklıklarına” göre ise, SZİÖ’nin tüm alt boyutları üzerindeki ana etkisinin anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Son olarak ise, Yaş ile BZEÖ’nin alt boyutları arasında sadece “Tesis” ile düşük ve pozitif bir ilişki; Yaş ile SZİÖ’nin alt boyutları arasında ise “Çekicilik”, “Önem Verme”, “Özdeşleşme” ve “Kendini ifade” arasında ise düşük ve pozitif yönde bir ilişki olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. “BZEÖ” ile “SZİÖ” arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde ise; “BZEÖ” ile “SZİÖ” arasında ilişki olmadığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bireylerin serbest zaman engelleri ile ilgilenimlerinin farklı değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterdiği, BZEÖ ile SZİÖ arasında ilişki olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
An Empirical Investigation of the Relationships between Motivation and Athlete Performance Mediated by Self-Talk: Evidence from Combat Sports
Authors: BİNGÖL Erkan , YILDIZ Süleyman Murat
Published: April 2021

Self-talk, which has attracted more attention lately, is an effective psychological instrument used alongside physical training in sports. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between motivation and performance, focusing primarily on the mediating role of self-talk. In this study, which included 325 athletes from Boxing, Muay Thai, Kickboxing, Wushu, and Taekwondo branches, three scales were used to collect data. To measure self-talk, The Self-Talk Questionnaire (S-TQ) developed by Zervas, Stavrou, and Psychountaki (2007), to measure motivation, The Sports Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II) developed by Pelletier et al. (2013) were used. The performance scale for athletes was specifically developed in this study and labeled as Athlete Performance Scale for Combat Sports (APS-CS) (see Appendix). The results of the study indicated statistically significant relationships among motivation, self-talk, and performance. More specifically, motivation was found to have a significant positive relationship with self-talk and performance. Self-talk, on the other hand, had a significant positive relationship with performance and partially mediated the relationship between motivation and performance.
Hepatitis A Virus Prevalence among Healthcare Students and Profissionals of Federal University of Bahia, Brazils
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Brazil, MI Schinoni , J Andrade ,   Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Brazil, SM Freire ,   Institute of Health Sciences-Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, LS Macedo ,   CNPq Researcher, Brazil, Campos M de Souza ,   University Hospital Professor Edgar Santos, Brazil, MAV Rego ,   Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Brazil, RE Schaer ,   Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology-ICSUFBA, Brazil, R Meyer ,   Institute of Health Sciences-Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, JM Simoes ,   Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology-ICSUFBA, Brazil, R Parana ,   Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Brazil
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) is a hepatotrophic virus with oral-fecal transmission. Occupational exposition to the virus is not common in the health practice and this way of contagious is not considered as a risk of infection. Adults have more probability to have fulminate clinical manifestations and in Brazil, the most of population older than 20 years have had contact with this virus. Aim: to study the prevalence of antibodies anti A virus (IgGHAV) in students (group 1) and professionals (group 2) of the health area of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA). Methods: was studied IgGHAV in 335 seras from volunteers who had completed an epidemiological questionnaire. Results: Antibodies IgGHAV+ in 56, 1% of the sample and 43,9 % of the individuals were susceptible to the infection. 94, 4% of the professional had IgGHAV+ and 48, 8% of the students had IgGHAV+ (p=0,000). There was an association between professional category and history of exposition to biological material (p=0,0017). There was not association between IgGHAV+ and history of exposition to biological material. This result could show the environment and occupational exposition to this virus. The more prevalence of IgGHAV titers in the professional individuals who were older shows the spread of the infection life through. Conclusion: this study showed that 43,9 % of the individual who start to work in contact with biological material are susceptible to the hepatitis A infection, this generate an new epidemiological reconsideration about the practice of vaccination in this special population in Brazil.