bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extensive variation and strain-specificity in dengue virus susceptibility among African Aedes aegypti populations
Authors: Dabo Stéphanie , Henrion-Lacritick Annabelle , Lecuyer Alicia , Jiolle Davy , Paupy Christophe , Ayala Diego , da Veiga Leal Silvânia , Badolo Athanase , Vega-Rúa Anubis , Sylla Massamba , Akorli Jewelna , Otoo Sampson , Lutomiah Joel , Sang Rosemary , Mutebi John-Paul , Saleh Maria-Carla , Rose Noah H. , McBride Carolyn S. , Lambrechts Louis
Published: March 2024

African populations of the mosquito Aedes aegypti are usually considered less susceptible to infection by human-pathogenic flaviviruses than globally invasive populations found outside Africa. Although this contrast has been well documented for Zika virus (ZIKV), it is unclear to what extent it is true for dengue virus (DENV), the most prevalent flavivirus of humans. Addressing this question is complicated by substantial genetic diversity among DENV strains, most notably in the form of four genetic types (DENV1 to DENV4), that can lead to genetically specific interactions with mosquito populations. Here, we carried out a survey of DENV susceptibility using a panel of seven field-derived Ae. aegypti colonies from across the African range of the species and a colony from Guadeloupe, French West Indies as non-African reference. We found considerable variation in the ability of African Ae. aegypti populations to acquire and replicate a panel of six DENV strains spanning the four DENV types. Although African Ae. aegypti populations were generally less susceptible than the reference non-African population from Guadeloupe, in several instances some African populations were equally or more susceptible than the Guadeloupe population. Moreover, the relative level of susceptibility between African mosquito populations depended on the DENV strain, indicating genetically specific interactions. We conclude that unlike ZIKV susceptibility, there is no clear-cut dichotomy in DENV susceptibility between African and non-African Ae. aegypti. DENV susceptibility of African Ae. aegypti populations is highly heterogeneous and largely governed by the specific pairing of mosquito population and DENV strain.
Chitosan nanoparticles improve the effectivity of miltefosine against Acanthamoeba
Authors: Latifi Alireza , Esmaeili Fariba , Mohebali Mehdi , Yasami-Khiabani Setayesh , Rezaeian Mostafa , Soleimani Mohammad , Kazemirad Elham , Amani Amir
Published: March 2024

Background

Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a corneal sight-threatening infection caused by the free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba. Early and appropriate treatment significantly impacts visual outcomes. Mucoadhesive polymers such as chitosan are a potential strategy to prolong the residence time and bioavailability of the encapsulated drugs in the cornea. Regarding the recent administration of miltefosine (MF) for treating resistant AK, in the present study, we synthesized miltefosine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (MF-CS-NPs) and evaluated them against Acanthamoeba.

Methodology/Principal findings

Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were prepared using the ionic gelation method with negatively charged tripolyphosphate (TPP). The zeta-potential (ZP) and the particle size of MF-CS-NPs were 21.8±3.2 mV and 46.61±18.16 nm, respectively. The release profile of MF-CS-NPs indicated linearity with sustained drug release. The cytotoxicity of MF-CS-NPs on the Vero cell line was 2.67 and 1.64 times lower than free MF at 24 and 48 hours. This formulation exhibited no hemolytic activity in vitro and ocular irritation in rabbit eyes. The IC50 of MF-CS-NPs showed a significant reduction by 2.06 and 1.69-fold in trophozoites at 24 and 48 hours compared to free MF. Also, the MF-CS-NPs IC50 in the cysts form was slightly decreased by 1.26 and 1.21-fold at 24 and 48 hours compared to free MF.

Conclusions

The MF-CS-NPs were more effective against the trophozoites and cysts than free MF. The nano-chitosan formulation was more effective on trophozoites than the cysts form. MF-CS-NPs reduced toxicity and improved the amoebicidal effect of MF. Nano-chitosan could be an ideal carrier that decreases the cytotoxicity of miltefosine. Further analysis in animal settings is needed to evaluate this nano-formulation for clinical ocular drug delivery.
Phenotypic screening reveals a highly selective phthalimide-based compound with antileishmanial activity
Authors: Zahedifard Farnaz , Bansal Meenakshi , Sharma Neha , Kumar Sumit , Shen Siqi , Singh Priyamvada , Rathi Brijesh , Zoltner Martin
Published: March 2024

Pharmacophores such as hydroxyethylamine (HEA) and phthalimide (PHT) have been identified as potential synthons for the development of compounds against various parasitic infections. In order to further advance our progress, we conducted an experiment utilising a collection of PHT and HEA derivatives through phenotypic screening against a diverse set of protist parasites. This approach led to the identification of a number of compounds that exhibited significant effects on the survival of Entamoeba histolytica, Trypanosoma brucei, and multiple life-cycle stages of Leishmania spp. The Leishmania hits were pursued due to the pressing necessity to expand our repertoire of reliable, cost-effective, and efficient medications for the treatment of leishmaniases. Antileishmanials must possess the essential capability to efficiently penetrate the host cells and their compartments in the disease context, to effectively eliminate the intracellular parasite. Hence, we performed a study to assess the effectiveness of eradicating L. infantum intracellular amastigotes in a model of macrophage infection. Among eleven L. infantum growth inhibitors with low-micromolar potency, PHT-39, which carries a trifluoromethyl substitution, demonstrated the highest efficacy in the intramacrophage assay, with an EC50 of 1.2 +/- 3.2 μM. Cytotoxicity testing of PHT-39 in HepG2 cells indicated a promising selectivity of over 90-fold. A chemogenomic profiling approach was conducted using an orthology-based method to elucidate the mode of action of PHT-39. This genome-wide RNA interference library of T. brucei identified sensitivity determinants for PHT-39, which included a P-type ATPase that is crucial for the uptake of miltefosine and amphotericin, strongly indicating a shared route for cellular entry. Notwithstanding the favourable properties and demonstrated efficacy in the Plasmodium berghei infection model, PHT-39 was unable to eradicate L. major infection in a murine infection model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Currently, PHT-39 is undergoing derivatization to optimize its pharmacological characteristics.
The national distribution of lymphatic filariasis cases in Malawi using patient mapping and geostatistical modelling
Authors: Barrett Carrie , Chiphwanya John , Mkwanda Square , Matipula Dorothy E. , Ndhlovu Paul , Chaponda Limbikani , Turner Joseph D. , Giorgi Emanuele , Betts Hannah , Martindale Sarah , Taylor Mark J. , Read Jonathan M. , Kelly-Hope Louise A.
Published: March 2024

Background

In 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that Malawi had successfully eliminated lymphatic filariasis (LF) as a public health problem. Understanding clinical case distributions at a national and sub-national level is important, so essential care packages can be provided to individuals living with LF symptoms. This study aimed to develop a national database and map of LF clinical cases across Malawi using geostatistical modelling approaches, programme-identified clinical cases, antigenaemia prevalence and climate information.

Methodology

LF clinical cases identified through programme house-to-house surveys across 90 sub-district administrative boundaries (Traditional Authority (TA)) and antigenaemia prevalence from 57 sampled villages in Malawi were used in a two-step geostatistical modelling process to predict LF clinical cases across all TAs of the country. First, we modelled antigenaemia prevalence in relation to climate covariates to predict nationwide antigenaemia prevalence. Second, we modelled clinical cases for unmapped TAs based on our antigenaemia prevalence spatial estimates.

Principle findings

The models estimated 20,938 (95% CrI 18,091 to 24,071) clinical cases in unmapped TAs (70.3%) in addition to the 8,856 (29.7%), programme-identified cases in mapped TAs. In total, the overall national number of LF clinical cases was estimated to be 29,794 (95% CrI 26,957 to 32,927). The antigenaemia prevalence and clinical case mapping and modelling found the highest burden of disease in Chikwawa and Nsanje districts in the Southern Region and Karonga district in the Northern Region of the country.

Conclusions

The models presented in this study have facilitated the development of the first national LF clinical case database and map in Malawi, the first endemic country in sub-Saharan Africa. It highlights the value of using existing LF antigenaemia prevalence and clinical case data together with modelling approaches to produce estimates that may be used for the WHO dossier requirements, to help target limited resources and implement long-term health strategies.
In vitro immunoreactivity and in vivo neutralization of Trimeresurus gracilis venom with antivenoms targeting four pit viper species
Authors: Chuang Po-Chun , Chen Jia-Wei , Chan Yuen-Ying , Tse Tsz-Chun , Chiang Yu-Wei , Tsai Tein-Shun
Published: March 2024

Snakebite envenomation is a significant global health issue that requires specific antivenom treatments. In Taiwan, available antivenoms target a variety of snakes, but none specifically target Trimeresurus gracilis, an endemic and protected species found in the high mountain areas of Taiwan. This study evaluated the effectiveness of existing antivenoms against T. gracilis venom, focusing on a bivalent antivenom developed for Trimeresurus stejnegeri and Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (TsPmAV), as well as monovalent antivenoms for Deinagkistrodon acutus (DaAV) and Gloydius brevicaudus (GbAV). Our research involved in vivo toxicity testing in mice and in vitro immunobinding experiments using (chaotropic) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, comparing venoms from four pit viper species (T. gracilis, T. stejnegeri, P. mucrosquamatus, and D. acutus) with three types of antivenoms. These findings indicate that TsPmAV partially neutralized T. gracilis venom, marginally surpassing the efficacy of DaAV. In vitro tests revealed that GbAV displayed higher binding capacities toward T. gracilis venom than TsPmAV or DaAV. Comparisons of electrophoretic profiles also reveal that T. gracilis venom has fewer snake venom C-type lectin like proteins than D. acutus, and has more P-I snake venom metalloproteases or fewer phospholipase A2 than G. brevicaudus, T. stejnegeri, or P. mucrosquamatus. This study highlights the need for antivenoms that specifically target T. gracilis, as current treatments using TsPmAV show limited effectiveness in neutralizing local effects in patients. These findings provide crucial insights into clinical treatment protocols and contribute to the understanding of the evolutionary adaptation of snake venom, aiding in the development of more effective antivenoms for human health.
The proton-sensing receptors TDAG8 and GPR4 are differentially expressed in human and mouse oligodendrocytes: Exploring their role in neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Caratis Fionä , Opiełka Mikołaj , Hausmann Martin , Velasco-Estevez Maria , Rojek Bartłomiej , de Vallière Cheryl , Seuwen Klaus , Rogler Gerhard , Karaszewski Bartosz , Rutkowska Aleksandra
Published: March 2024

Acidosis is one of the hallmarks of demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS). The response to acidic pH is primarily mediated by a family of G protein-coupled proton-sensing receptors: OGR1, GPR4 and TDAG8. These receptors are inactive at alkaline pH, reaching maximal activation at acidic pH. Genome-wide association studies have identified a locus within the TDAG8 gene associated with several autoimmune diseases, including MS. Accordingly, we here found that expression ofTDAG8, as opposed toGPR4orOGR1, is upregulated in MS plaques. This led us to investigate the expression of TDAG8 in oligodendrocytes using mouse and humanin vitroandin vivomodels. We observed significant upregulation of TDAG8 in human MO3.13 oligodendrocytes during maturation and in response to acidic conditions. However, its deficiency did not impact normal myelination in the mouse CNS, and its expression remained unaltered under demyelinating conditions in mouse organotypic cerebellar slices. Notably, our data revealed no expression of TDAG8 in primary mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), in contrast to its expression in primary human OPCs. Our investigations have revealed substantial species differences in the expression of proton-sensing receptors in oligodendrocytes, highlighting the limitations of the employed experimental models in fully elucidating the role of TDAG8 in myelination and oligodendrocyte biology. Consequently, the study does not furnish robust evidence for the role of TDAG8 in such processes. Nonetheless, our findings tentatively point towards a potential association between TDAG8 and myelination processes in humans, hinting at a potential link between TDAG8 and the pathophysiology of MS and warrants further research.
UV reflectance in crop remote sensing: Assessing the current state of knowledge and extending research with strawberry cultivars
Authors: Heath Megan , St-Onge David , Hausler Robert
Published: March 2024

Remote sensing of spectral reflectance is a crucial parameter in precision agriculture. In particular, the visual color produced from reflected light can be used to determine plant health (VIS-IR) or attract pollinators (Near-UV). However, the UV spectral reflectance studies largely focus on non-crop plants, even though they provide essential information for plant-pollinator interactions. This literature review presents an overview of UV-reflectance in crops, identifies gaps in the literature, and contributes new data based on strawberry cultivars. The study found that most crop spectral reflectance studies relied on lab-based methodologies and examined a wide spectral range (Near UV to IR). Moreover, the plant family distribution largely mirrored global food market trends. Through a spectral comparison of white flowering strawberry cultivars, this study discovered visual differences for pollinators in the Near UV and Blue ranges. The variation in pollinator visibility within strawberry cultivars underscores the importance of considering UV spectral reflectance when developing new crop breeding lines and managing pollinator preferences in agricultural fields.
Clinical validation of RCSMS: A rapid and sensitive CRISPR-Cas12a test for the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva
Authors: Abugattas-Núñez del Prado Joaquín , Quintana Reyes Angélica , Leon Julio , Blume La Torre Juan , Gutiérrez Loli Renzo , Pinzón Olejua Alejandro , Chamorro Chirinos Elena Rocío , Loza Mauricio Félix Antonio , Maguiña Jorge L. , Rodriguez-Aliaga Piere , Málaga-Trillo Edward
Published: March 2024

Peru’s holds the highest COVID death rate per capita worldwide. Key to this outcome is the lack of robust, rapid, and accurate molecular tests to circumvent the elevated costs and logistics of SARS-CoV-2 detection via RT-qPCR. To facilitate massive and timely COVID-19 testing in rural and socioeconomically deprived contexts, we implemented and validated RCSMS, a rapid and sensitive CRISPR-Cas12a test for the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva. RCSMS uses the power of CRISPR-Cas technology and lateral flow strips to easily visualize the presence of SARS-CoV-2 even in laboratories with limited equipment. We show that a low-cost thermochemical treatment with TCEP/EDTA is sufficient to inactivate viral particles and cellular nucleases in saliva, eliminating the need to extract viral RNA with commercial kits, as well as the cumbersome nasopharyngeal swab procedure and the requirement of biosafety level 2 laboratories for molecular analyses. Notably, RCSMS performed outstandingly in a clinical validation done with 352 patients from two hospitals in Lima, detecting as low as 50 viral copies per 10 μl reaction in 40 min, with sensitivity and specificity of 96.5% and 99.0%, respectively, relative to RT-qPCR. The negative and positive predicted values obtained from this field validation indicate that RCSMS can be confidently deployed in both high and low prevalence settings. Like other CRISPR-Cas-based biosensors, RCSMS can be easily reprogrammed for the detection of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. We conclude that RCSMS is a fast, efficient and inexpensive alternative to RT-qPCR for expanding COVID-19 testing capacity in Peru and other low- and middle-income countries with precarious healthcare systems.
A community-based mentoring scheme for pregnant and parenting adolescents in Sierra Leone: Protocol for a hybrid pilot cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Fernandez Turienzo Cristina , Kamara Mangenda , November Lucy , Kamara Philemon , Kingsford Appiah M. , Ridout Alexandra , Thomas Suzanne , Seed Paul T. , Shennan Andrew H. , Sandall Jane , Williams Prince T.
Published: March 2024

Background

Sierra Leone has a very high maternal mortality rate, and this burden falls heavily on adolescents, a particularly vulnerable group; this is usually driven by poverty, lack of education and employment opportunities. In 2017, a local grassroots organisation, Lifeline Nehemiah Projects, developed a community-based mentoring intervention ‘2YoungLives’ (2YLs) for adolescent girls in Eastern Freetown. We aim to formally assess the feasibility and implementation of the 2YL mentorship scheme in new communities in Sierra Leone.

Methods

A hybrid type 2 pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of the 2YL mentoring scheme in urban and rural communities living around twelve peripheral health units (PHU) across five districts in Sierra Leone. Clusters will be matched into pairs and randomisation will be determined by computer-generated random numbers via a secure web-based system hosted by MedSciNet. All under-eighteen adolescents identified as pregnant in the community and/or the PHU are included. Feasibility (recruitment, retention, and attrition rates; data collection and completeness; sample calculation) and primary clinical outcome data (composite of maternal deaths, stillbirths, neonatal deaths) will be collected. A mixed-methods process evaluation will explore implementation outcomes, mechanisms of change, contextual factors, experiences of care, and health and wellbeing. A concurrent cost-consequence analysis will be undertaken. Main trial analysis will be pragmatic, by intention to treat, and a complementary per protocol analysis will also be included.

Discussion

Improving health and wellbeing for adolescent girls (including sexual and reproductive health) remains a top priority in Sierra Leone indicated by several government policies targeted to this group, in which maternal and infant mortality are still persistently high. Supporting these girls and facilitating their wellbeing is imperative, along with sensitisation of communities, strengthening of youth friendly services and collaboration with stakeholders at all levels (government, regional, community, family). We believe 2YL supports the global holistic agenda to integrate and implement interventions across health, education, and social systems in order to protect, nurture, and support the health and development potential of every adolescent girl, and thus become a model of good practice for adolescent pregnancy, to be adopted more widely in Sierra Leone and elsewhere.

Trial registration

ISRCTN registry ISRCTN32414369. Prospectively registered on 14/03/2022.
Prediction of homologous recombination deficiency from Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus correlating with SOPHiA DDM HRD Solution
Authors: Kang Jun , Na Kiyong , Kang Haeyoun , Cho Uiju , Kwon Sun Young , Hwang Sohyun , Lee Ahwon
Published: March 2024

Objective

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are used for targeted therapy for ovarian cancer with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). In this study, we aimed to develop a homologous recombination deficiency prediction model to predict the genomic integrity (GI) index of the SOPHiA DDM HRD Solution from the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay (OCA) Plus. We also tried to a find cut-off value of the genomic instability metric (GIM) of the OCA Plus that correlates with the GI index of the SOPHiA DDM HRD Solution.

Methods

We included 87 cases with high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma from five tertiary referral hospitals in Republic of Korea. We developed an HRD prediction model to predict the GI index of the SOPHiA DDM HRD Solution. As predictor variables in the model, we used the HRD score, which included percent loss of heterozygosity (%LOH), percent telomeric allelic imbalance (%TAI), percent large-scale state transitions (%LST), and the genomic instability metric (GIM). To build the model, we employed a penalized logistic regression technique.

Results

The final model equation is -21.77 + 0.200 × GIM + 0.102 × %LOH + 0.037 × %TAI + 0.261 × %LST. To improve the performance of the prediction model, we added a borderline result category to the GI results. The accuracy of our HRD status prediction model was 0.958 for the test set. The accuracy of HRD status using GIM with a cut-off value of 16 was 0.911.

Conclusion

The Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus provides a reliable biomarker for homologous recombination deficiency.
Structural and functional characterization of sulfurtransferase from Frondihabitans sp. PAMC28461
Authors: Do Hackwon , Nguyen Dieu Linh , Ahn Yong-Yoon , Nam Yewon , Kang YoonJi , Oh HoeJung , Hwang Jisub , Han Se Jong , Kim Kitae , Lee Jun Hyuck
Published: March 2024

Sulfurtransferases transfer of sulfur atoms from thiols to acceptors like cyanide. They are categorized as thiosulfate sulfurtransferases (TSTs) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferases (MSTs). TSTs transfer sulfur from thiosulfate to cyanide, producing thiocyanate. MSTs transfer sulfur from 3-mercaptopyruvate to cyanide, yielding pyruvate and thiocyanate. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize the sulfurtransferase FrST from Frondihabitans sp. PAMC28461 using biochemical and structural analyses. FrST exists as a dimer and can be classified as a TST rather than an MST according to sequence-based clustering and enzyme activity. Furthermore, the discovery of activity over a wide temperature range and the broad substrate specificity exhibited by FrST suggest promising prospects for its utilization in industrial applications, such as the detoxification of cyanide.
‘Integrating Ethics and Equity with Economics and Effectiveness for newborn screening in the genomic age: A qualitative study protocol of stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Kariyawasam Didu S. , Scarfe Joanne , Meagher Christian , Farrar Michelle A. , Bhattacharya Kaustav , Carter Stacy M. , Newson Ainsley J. , Otlowski Margaret , Watson Jo , Millis Nicole , Norris Sarah
Published: March 2024

Background

Newborn bloodspot screening is a well-established population health initiative that detects serious, childhood-onset, treatable conditions to improve health outcomes. With genomic technologies advancing rapidly, many countries are actively discussing the introduction of genomic assays into newborn screening programs. While adding genomic testing to Australia’s newborn screening program could improve outcomes for infants and families, it must be considered against potential harms, ethical, legal, equity and social implications, and economic and health system impacts. We must ask not only ‘can’ we use genomics to screen newborns?’ but ‘should we’?’ and ‘how much should health systems invest in genomic newborn screening?’.

Methods

This study will use qualitative methods to explore understanding, priorities, concerns and expectations of genomic newborn screening among parents/carers, health professionals/scientists, and health policy makers across Australia. In-depth, semi-structured interviews will be held with 30–40 parents/carers recruited via hospital and community settings, 15–20 health professionals/scientists, and 10–15 health policy makers. Data will be analysed using inductive content analysis. The Sydney Children’s Hospital Network Human Research Ethics Committee approved this study protocol [2023/ETH02371]. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research will guide study planning, conduct and reporting.

Discussion

Few studies have engaged a diverse range of stakeholders to explore the implications of genomics in newborn screening in a culturally and genetically diverse population, nor in a health system underpinned by universal health care. As the first study within a multi-part research program, findings will be used to generate new knowledge on the risks and benefits and importance of ethical, legal, social and equity implications of genomic newborn screening from the perspective of key stakeholders. As such it will be the foundation on which child and family centered criteria can be developed to inform health technology assessments and drive efficient and effective policy decision-making on the implementation of genomics in newborn screening.
Combination of ethyl acetate fraction from Calotropis gigantea stem bark and sorafenib induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells
Authors: Chaisupasakul Pattaraporn , Pekthong Dumrongsak , Wangteeraprasert Apirath , Kaewkong Worasak , Somran Julintorn , Kaewpaeng Naphat , Parhira Supawadee , Srisawang Piyarat
Published: March 2024

The cytotoxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. (C. gigantea) stem bark extract (CGEtOAc) has been demonstrated in many types of cancers. This study examined the improved cancer therapeutic activity of sorafenib when combined with CGEtOAc in HepG2 cells. The cell viability and cell migration assays were applied in HepG2 cells treated with varying concentrations of CGEtOAc, sorafenib, and their combination. Flow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis, which corresponded with a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of DNA fragmentation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed in combination with the expression of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (Akt)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which was suggested for association with ROS-induced apoptosis. Combining CGEtOAc at 400 μg/mL with sorafenib at 4 μM, which were their respective half-IC50 concentrations, significantly inhibited HepG2 viability upon 24 h of exposure in comparison with the vehicle and each single treatment. Consequently, CGEtOAc when combined with sorafenib significantly diminished HepG2 migration and induced apoptosis through a mitochondrial-correlation mechanism. ROS production was speculated to be the primary mechanism of stimulating apoptosis in HepG2 cells after exposure to a combination of CGEtOAc and sorafenib, in association with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway suppression. Our results present valuable knowledge to support the development of anticancer regimens derived from the CGEtOAc with the chemotherapeutic agent sorafenib, both of which were administered at half-IC50, which may minimize the toxic implications of cancer treatments while improving the therapeutic effectiveness toward future medical applications.
Assessing the reliability and validity of the Slovenian version of the Appraisal of Diabetes Scale (ADS-S) in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Mihevc Matic , Miroševič Špela , Lukančič Majda Mori , Potočnik Tina Virtič , Zavrnik Črt , Šter Marija Petek , Klemenc-Ketiš Zalika , Susič Antonija Poplas
Published: March 2024

Managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) effectively is a considerable challenge. The Appraisal of Diabetes Scale (ADS) has proven valuable in understanding how individuals perceive and cope with their condition. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Slovenian version of ADS (ADS-S). We recruited a sample of 400 adult individuals with T2D from three primary healthcare centers in Slovenia, ensuring an average of 57 cases per individual item. The psychometric evaluation included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was additionally performed to evaluate the fit of one- and two-factor models. After excluding incomplete questionnaires, 389 individuals participated, averaging 72.0±7.5 years, with 196 men and 193 women. ADS-S exhibited acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.70) and strong test-retest reliability (interclass correlation = 0.88, p <0.001). Criterion validity was established through significant correlations between ADS-S score and EQ-5D utility score (r = -0.34, p <0.001), EQ-VAS score (r = -0.38, p <0.001), and HbA1c >7.5% (r = 0.22, p = 0.019). Discriminant validity assessment found no significant correlation between ADS-S score and age, but a significant correlation with female gender (r = 0.17, p = 0.001). CFA results supported a two-factor structure (psychological impact of diabetes and sense of self-control) over a one-factor structure, as indicated by model fit indicators. ADS-S stands as a valid and reliable tool for assessing psychological impact and self-control in Slovenian T2D patients. Future research should explore adding items for capturing secondary appraisal of diabetes and studying the influence of female gender on ADS scores.
HMGR and CHS gene cloning, characterizations and tissue-specific expressions in Polygala tenuifolia Willd
Authors: Liu Yang , Ma Xiaofang , Mao Fuying , Qiu Jinmiao , Bi Jingyi , Li Xiaowei , Gu Xian , Zheng Yuguang , Zhao Yunsheng
Published: March 2024

Triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids have several pharmacological activities against P. tenuifolia. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and chalcone synthase (CHS) are the rate-limiting enzymes of triterpenoid saponin and flavonoid biosynthesis, respectively. In this study, HMGR and CHS genes were cloned from P. tenuifolia, and their bioinformatics analyses and tissue-specific expression were investigated. The results showed that the HMGR and CHS genes were successfully cloned, separately named the PtHMGR gene (NCBI accession: MK424118) and PtCHS gene (NCBI accession: MK424117). The PtHMGR gene is 2323 bp long, has an open reading frame (ORF) of 1782 bp, and encods 593 amino acids. The PtCHS gene is 1633 bp long with an ORF of 1170 bp, encoding 389 amino acids. PtHMGR and PtCHS were both hydrophobic, not signal peptides or secreted proteins, containing 10 conserved motifs. PtHMGR and PtCHS separately showed high homology with HMGR and CHS proteins from other species, and their secondary structures mainly included α-helix and random curl. The tertiary structure of PtHMGR was highly similarity to that the template 7ULI in RCSB PDB with 92.0% coverage rate. The HMG-CoA-binding domain of PtHMGR is located at 173–572 amino acid residues, including five bound sites. The tertiary structure of PtCHS showed high consistency with the template 1I86 in RCSB PDB with 100% coverage rate, contained malonyl CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA linkers. The expression of PtHMGR and PtCHS is tissue-specific. PtHMGR transcripts were mainly accumulated in roots, followed by leaves, and least in stems, and were significantly positively correlated with the contents of total saponin and tenuifolin. PtCHS was highly expressed in the stems, followed by the leaves, with low expression in the roots. PtCHS transcripts showed a significant positive correlation with total flavonoids content, however, they were significantly negatively correlated with the content of polygalaxanthone III (a type of flavonoids). This study provided insight for further revealing the roles of PtHMGR and PtCHS.
Intention to leave and associated factors among health professionals working at public hospitals in East Gojjam zone, Northwest Ethiopia, cross-sectional study
Authors: Molla Friehiwot , Molla Muluye , Delle Endalkachew , Asrade Geta , Endalew Bekalu
Published: March 2024

Background

The most important element of health systems for meeting the population’s healthcare demands is the workforce. The main issue facing the health industry, particularly in emerging nations, has been their shortage and turnover. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the intention of leaving and related variables among medical professionals employed at East Gojjam zone public health hospitals.

Methods

An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 561 randomly selected health professionals working at public hospitals in East Gojjam Zone from 04 March 2019 to 30 March 2019. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Both bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were fitted. Variables having P-value less than 0.2 during bi-variable regressional analysis were entered in to multivariable logistic regression analysis and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to declare the associated factors with intention to leave.

Results

Overall, 61.3% (95% CI: 57.2, 65.4) of health professionals were intended to leave their working organizations. Dissatisfaction with work nature (AOR: 3.01; 95% CI: 2.05, 4.43), work environment (AOR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.68), Remuneration (AOR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.29, 2.76), having low normative commitment (AOR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.81) and being unmarried (AOR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.58) were satistically significant factors with intention to leave their working organizations.

Conclusions

The health professionals’ intention to leave their working organizations was high, three-fifth of the health professionals had intention to leave their organization which might result great service quality compromization and decrease the responsiveness of the health institutions in the study area. Dissatisfaction with remuneration, working environment, work nature, low normative commitment and being unmarried were factors associated with health professional’s intention to leave their working organizations. Therefore, hospital administrators, supervisors, and Healthcare policymakers need to emphasize on retention of health workers at their working organization by taking into account the above significant variables. Such as, through creating an attractive working environment and designing better benefit mechanisms.
O plátano e o canto das cigarras no Fedro de Platão: o ambiente do Diálogo
Authors: Guimarães Henrique
Published: March 2024

Este artigo visa repensar  as imagens da “natureza” e do humano em Platão, mais especificamente através de alguns exemplos contidos no diálogo Fedro, raro diálogo “mais afastado” da cidade. Fedro e Sócrates saem de Atenas numa trilha para fora dos muros, passando pelo córrego Ilisso e pela brisa dos bosques, e acabam sentados nas sombras das árvores cheias de cigarras cantantes. Qual o sentido desse cenário na construção do texto? É possível aprender com carvalhos ou insetos? O filosofar desse diálogo passa pelo aconchego das sombras das árvores no quente meio-dia  de verão. Essa topografia sensual através do texto revela o escritor Platão cuidadoso com o significado envolvente do drama vivo entre Fedro e Sócrates.  Chamo atenção aqui para  a participação-audiência dos elementos naturais, das árvores e cigarras no diálogo entre Fedro e Sócrates notando um cuidado do discurso com a atmosfera circundante,  preocupação especial de Sócrates em sua palinódia e em sua oração final à Pan.  Nesse diálogo, mais do que distintos e afastados da natureza, repensamos o ser humano (e a razão) mergulhado nela – numa tentativa de integração e busca mitológica e dialógica entre rio, rocha, plantas, animais, humanos, deuses e semi-deuses. A imagem de um Platão demasiado racionalista and humanista encontra nesse texto uma outra perspectiva: a de um escritor inspirado, hibrido poeta e filósofo na missão de restaurar a linguagem e a cidade à vida animal e cósmica.
Demonstration and necessity: a short note on Metaphysics 1015b6-9
Authors: Angioni Lucas
Published: March 2024

I discuss a short string of five sentences in Metaphysics V.5, 1015b6-9 relating demonstration to necessity. My proposal is that Aristotle is focusing his attention on the demonstration as a demonstration. Other interpretations reduce the necessity in question to the modality of the component sentences of the demonstrations (the conclusion and the premises). My view does not deny that modality of the component sentences are important, but takes seriously the idea that a demonstration itself should be understood as necessary—as not capable of being otherwise. A demonstration cannot be different from what it is in the sense that [i] its components cannot be different from what they are, [ii] its components must be related to each other exactly in the way they are related. Demonstrations aim at the fully appropriate explanation of a given explanandum—and each demonstration is individuated by the explanandum it takes. Thus, the basic idea is that, for the target explanandum that individuates a given demonstration, the premises delivering the fully appropriate explanation cannot be different from what they are. I show how this proposal, which explains Aristotle's language in 1015b6-9 accurately, does not make demonstrations 'melt down into conditional necessity', first, because the modality of the component sentences are still importantly involved, second, because the explanatory relation expressed in a demonstration is a necessary fact in the real world, so that the demonstration itself is also necessary (in the way I have explained) inasmuch as it captures that fact.
The gap between Parmenides’ argument on Being and his cosmology in the Aristotelian account
Authors: Conte Bruno Loureiro
Published: March 2024

In some of the Aristotelian accounts, Parmenides’ thesis is construed in opposition to the philosophy of nature; on the other hand, he is also depicted, in a different context, as a cosmologist, to whom the Stagirite (and a long tradition afterwards, ending with Simplicius) ascribes a theory of becoming and its principles. In this paper, I exhibit and analyse the relevant passages from Physics I 1-3, Metaphysics I 3 and 5 and On generation and corruption I 3, providing an interpretation that aims to solve the apparent paradox, making sense of the information we can gather from Aristotle’s and Simplicius’ testimonies. Eventually, I propose a construal of the Two Ways of fr. 2 with an emphasis on the predicative reading of einai, which could hint at the Parmenidean approach to cosmology that runs in parallel with the argument on Being.
La distinción entre la filosofía y el kata philosophian logos en el estoicismo
Authors: Ponce Pérez José Luis
Published: March 2024

Este artículo se ocupa de responder cuál sería la distinción que los estoicos establecerían entre la filosofía y el kata philosophian logos, acorde al reporte de D.L., VII, 39-41. En este lugar me aparto de los estudiosos que consideran que la distinción es ontológica, es decir, quienes proponen que el kata philosophian logos haría referencia a la presentación discursiva de los dogmas estoicos, cuya naturaleza es incorpórea, en tanto que la filosofía haría referencia a una disposición del alma, cuya naturaleza sería corpórea. Propondré, más bien, que los dos son disposiciones o estados de la parte racional del alma, y que la diferencia entre ellos está en el grado de perfección que han alcanzado.
Meta-analysis: On average, undergraduate students' intelligence is merely average
Authors: Uttl Bob , Violo Victoria , Gibson Lacey
Published: March 2024

Background. According to a widespread belief, the average IQ of university students is 115 to 130 IQ points, that is, substantially higher than the average IQ of the general population (
M = 100,
SD =15). We traced the origin of this belief to obsolete intelligence data collected in 1940s and 1950s when university education was the privilege of a few. Examination of more recent IQ data indicate that IQ of university students and university graduates dropped to the average of the general population. The decline in students’ IQ is a necessary consequence of increasing educational attainment over the last 80 years. Today, graduating from university is more common than completing high school in the 1940s.

Method. We conducted a meta-analysis of the mean IQ scores of college and university students samples tested with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale between 1939 and 2022.

Results. The results show that the average IQ of undergraduate students today is a mere 102 IQ points and declined by approximately 0.2 IQ points per year. The students’ IQ also varies substantially across universities and is correlated with the selectivity of universities (measured by average SAT scores of admitted students).

Discussion. These findings have wide-ranging implications. First, universities and professors need to realize that students are no longer extraordinary but merely average, and have to adjust curricula and academic standards. Second, employers can no longer rely on applicants with university degrees to be more capable or smarter than those without degrees. Third, students need to realize that acceptance into university is no longer an invitation to join an elite group. Fourth, the myth of brilliant undergraduate students in scientific and popular literature needs to be dispelled. Fifth, estimating premorbid IQ based on educational attainment is vastly inaccurate, obsolete, not evidence based, and mere wishful thinking. Sixth, obsolete IQ data or tests ought not to be used to make high-stakes decisions about individuals, for example, by clinical psychologists to opine about the intelligence and cognitive abilities of their clients.
Superconducting Field Theory (the Unification Theory)
Authors: Pérez Felipe Sergio
Published: March 2024

Unification theory with no extra dimensions. The first part unifies the strong nuclear force with the gravitational force in a mathematical way; the quantum vacuum is treated as a deformable system by the strong nuclear force. The second part unifies the strong nuclear force with the quantum vacuum in a hypothetical structure; the quantum vacuum is treated as a supersymmetric and metastable system with properties related to the different types of particles’ motion.
Influence Good Corporate Governance (GCG) And Islamic corporate social responsibility (ICSR) Against Corporate Value With Financial Performance As Variable Intervening at Bank Muamalat Indonesia
Authors: Maknuun Lu'lu'il , Ahmad Mukhlisuddin  , Nida Nurrohmah
Published: March 2024

Research Aims: Knowing the influence of GCG and ICSR on company value through financial performance.
Methodology: The method used in this research is quantitative research with data analysis using PLS and path analysis.
Research Findings: From the results of the analysis used in this research, the results showed that the influence of the GCG variable on company value and financial performance was proven to be significant in a positive direction, the influence of the ICSR variable on company value was proven to be insignificant but in a positive direction, the influence of the ICSR variable on financial performance was proven to be significant in a negative direction. , the influence of the GCG variable on company value through financial performance is proven to be mediating and the influence of the ICSR variable on company value through financial performance is proven not to mediate.
Theoretical Contribution: The grand theory used in this research includes,legitimacy theory, stakeholder theory, signaling theory and agency theoryby testing four variables consisting of independent variables, dependent variables and mediating variables.
Research limitation and implication: The limitations of this research are on the subject of banks that use one bank, namely Bank Muamalat Indonesia.
Enhancing Community Economy Through Innovation of Processed Cassava Products
Authors: Anwar Siti Sovia
Published: March 2024

The natural resources produced by Padamulya Village are very abundant, but the natural resources owned by Padamulya Village have not been fully utilized by the community, so there is a need for guidance or assistance to the community to exploit the existing potential. One of them is by utilizing processed cassava products that are made into food with high selling price. The method used is the socialization and innovation of cassava processed products. In processing this cassava product, the writer makes cassava churros which is a delicious and healthy snack food. After implementing this program the results obtained are the development of cassava processed products more creative and innovative as well as the surrounding community better understanding how to utilize a potential that is around.Keywords: Product Innovation; Cassava; Community Service
Increasing the Community’s Economy Through Use of Processed Tomatoes
Authors: Nasution Maria Ulfah , Alhifni A
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe purpose of community service is done so that the community can utilize the potential of abundant natural resources (RNA) into a product innovation through training activities to make healthy snacks made from tomatoes, is expected to explore the potential of communities that have high selling points, so as to increase the income of the Kp community. Sirnagalih Padamulya Village. Indicators of achievement have a minimum understanding of managing abundant natural resources. The target of the Tom And Jelly making training program is the community of kp. Sirnagalih Padamulya Village, especially mothers. The method used in this community service is to use a workshop method (training) on the procedures for making products from processed tomatoes made into Tom And Jelly. The results of the community service activity were that the community was enthusiastic to know about tomato processing and were very motivated to become entrepreneurs, which can be seen from the many participants who wanted further action such as the grouping of Tom And Jelly businesses.Keywords: Training, Income Improvement, Tomato Utilization
Kartini in the Pandemic: Women's Economic Empowerment Through Synergy of Digital Banking, Fintech, and E-Commerce
Authors: Riza Alex Fahrur , Wijayanti Dwi Marlina
Published: March 2024

The role of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) is getting bigger in Indonesia. Various strategies are implemented to increase financial inclusion and literacy in Indonesia. However, the mindset that is built that women are identical to housewives who do not have financial independence creates a gap in inclusion and financial literacy between men and women. As a result, women cannot contribute to managing finances well and cannot help build a strong family economy because they do not have the knowledge and financial skills as well as men. The KARTINI program is a program that provides facilities for the women's community to have financial independence. The integration between digital banking (smart behavior), financial technology (affiliate marketing), and e-commerce (dropship) can be the right program in optimizing financial inclusion and literacy for women. The implementation of the KARTINI program has a positive impact on the women's community such as women's cooperatives, PKK women, Aisyiyah women, recitation groups, dharma Wanita and other women's groups. In addition, this program can be applied by OJK to all regions in Indonesia to increase financial literacy and inclusion. Through the integration of smart behavior, affiliate marketing, and dropship, the goals of OJK will be achieved more quickly.