bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of hippocampal synaptic function in a rodent model of early life stress
Authors: Wilkinson Matthew P. , Robinson Emma S.J. , Mellor Jack R.
Published: June 2024

Background Early life stress (ELS) is an important risk factor in the aetiology of depression. Developmental glucocorticoid exposure impacts multiple brain regions with the hippocampus being particularly vulnerable. Hippocampal mediated behaviours are dependent upon the ability of neurones to undergo long-term potentiation (LTP), an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) mediated process. In this study we investigated the effect of ELS upon hippocampal NMDAR function. Methods Hooded Long-Evans rat pups (n=82) were either undisturbed or maternally separated for 180 minutes per day (MS180) between post-natal day (PND) 1 and PND14. Model validation consisted of sucrose preference (n=18) and novelty supressed feeding (NSFT, n=34) tests alongside assessment of corticosterone (CORT) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) cFos reactivity to stress and hippocampal neurogenesis (all n=18). AMPA/NMDA ratios (n=19), miniEPSC currents (n=19) and LTP (n=15) were assessed in whole-cell patch clamp experiments in CA1 pyramidal neurones. Results MS180 animals showed increased feeding latency in the NSFT alongside increased overall CORT in the restraint stress experiment and increased PVN cFos expression in males but no changes in neurogenesis or sucrose preference. MS180 was associated with a lower AMPA/NMDA ratio with no change in miniEPSC amplitude or area. There was no difference in short- or long-term potentiation between MS180 and control animals nor were there any changes during the induction protocol. Conclusions The MS180 model showed a behavioural phenotype consistent with previous work. MS180 animals showed increased NMDAR function with preliminary evidence suggesting that this was not concurrent with an increase in LTP.
Failed back surgery syndrome—terminology, etiology, prevention, evaluation, and management: a narrative review
Authors: Yeo Jinseok
Published: June 2024

Amid the worldwide increase in spinal surgery rates, a significant proportion of patients continue to experience refractory chronic pain, resulting in reduced quality of life and escalated healthcare demands. Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a clinical condition characterized by persistent or recurrent pain after one or more spinal surgeries. The diverse characteristics and stigmatizing descriptions of FBSS necessitate a reevaluation of its nomenclature to reflect its complexity more accurately. Accurate identification of the cause of FBSS is hampered by the complex nature of the syndrome and limitations of current diagnostic labels. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach that may include pharmacological treatment, physical therapy, psychological support, and interventional procedures, emphasizing realistic goal-setting and patient education. Further research is needed to increase our understanding, improve diagnostic accuracy, and develop more effective management strategies.
A Sampling Strategy for High-Dimensional, Simulation-Based Transportation Optimization Problems
Authors: Tay Timothy , Osorio Carolina
Published: June 2024

When tackling high-dimensional, continuous simulation-based optimization (SO) problems, it is important to balance exploration and exploitation. Most past SO research focuses on the enhancement of exploitation techniques. The exploration technique of an SO algorithm is often defined as a general-purpose sampling distribution, such as the uniform distribution, which is inefficient at searching high-dimensional spaces. This work is motivated by the formulation of exploration techniques that are suitable for large-scale transportation network problems and high-dimensional optimization problems. We formulate a sampling mechanism that combines inverse cumulative distribution function sampling with problem-specific structural information of the underlying transportation problem. The proposed sampling distribution assigns greater sampling probability to points with better expected performance as defined by an analytical network model. Validation experiments on a toy network illustrate that the proposed sampling distribution has important commonalities with the underlying and typically unknown true sampling distribution of the simulator. We study a high-dimensional traffic signal control case study of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. The results show that the use of the proposed sampling mechanism as part of an SO framework can help to efficiently identify solutions with good performance. Using the analytical information for exploration, regardless of whether it is used for exploitation, outperforms benchmarks that do not use it, including standard Bayesian optimization. Using the analytical information for exploration only yields solutions with similar performance than when the information is used for exploitation only, reducing the total compute times by 65%. This paper sheds light on the importance of developing suitable exploration techniques to enhance both the scalability and the compute efficiency of general-purpose SO algorithms.

Funding: T. Tay thanks the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore for funding his work.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.0110 .
Mechanical properties of basalt fiber/ epoxy resin composites
Authors: PELIN Cristina - Elisabeta , PELIN George
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a study regarding the obtaining, characterizing and mechanically testing a new laminar composite material, consisting of epoxy resin reinforced with basalt plain fabric.
The composites were obtained by manual lay-up, cross-link stage being developed by pressure molding in a hydraulic press. Rectangular plates were obtained and cut into samples with specific shapes, for the mechanical tests (tensile, three-point bending and compression). After testing, the fracture zone was analyzed using optical microscopy to observe the behavior of the composite following the mechanical stresses applied (fracture mechanism, voids presence and fiber delamination identification).
Due to the low costs and non-hazardous nature, basalt fibers can be a serious competitor in the production of laminar composites that could successfully replace ordinary glass fiber composites. The mechanical properties in tensile, three-point bending, and compression of epoxy-resin-impregnated basalt fiber composites are comparable and even exceed those of widely used epoxy-resin-impregnated fiberglass composites.
California Bill Would Tighten Oversight on Private Equity Hospital Purchases
Authors:   Phoenix Pulmonary and Research Education Foundation, Gilbert, AZ USA, Robbins Richard
Published: June 2024

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. According to Medscape California lawmakers are considering a bill that would tighten oversight of private equity and hedge fund buyers of hospitals and healthcare facilities (1). Private equity investment in hospitals and physician groups has been under scrutiny in recent months after a slew of high-profile failures, including bankruptcies and hospital closures. California lawmakers have drafted a bill that would require private equity firms and hedge funds to give the state attorney general written notice before purchasing a healthcare facility or provider group. The attorney general would have to approve the transaction. Buyers would also be required to submit written notice to any federal or state agency as required by law within 90 days of the transaction, and the attorney general could extend that period. The bill gives the attorney general the power to halt an acquisition if there is a "substantial likelihood of anticompetitive effects" or if it would …
Chromatic adaptation for different viewing media through achromatic matches and neutrality ratings
Authors: Li Siqi , Ma Shining , Sun Ruoduan , Huang Yifan , Liu Yue , Wang Yongtian , Song Weitao
Published: June 2024

Many corresponding color datasets have been collected under different illumination conditions over these years, providing adequate data for developing chromatic adaptation transforms (CAT). Nevertheless, these datasets exhibit notable, systematical discrepancies in visual data, probably stemming from their differences in the experiment setup and methodology. This necessitates a comprehensive examination of how the experiment-related factors influence the outcomes, accompanied by thorough discussions to establish theoretical references for the effective classification of datasets. Horizontal comparisons among these datasets indicate the influence of two crucial factors—viewing medium and experimental methods—on chromatic adaptation, albeit without systematic investigations. Additionally, the underlying mechanism contributing to the disparities observed among different media remains unclear. To address these limitations, this study selected three different media – surface colors, self-luminous colors, and independently illuminated surface colors, and two experimental methods – the achromatic matching and neutrality rating method. The results confirm the significant influence of the viewing medium on the adaptation state. Two crucial factors emerge as significant contributors: the color correlation with global illumination and the nature of the surface medium (reflective or self-luminous).
Enhancing photonic spin Hall effect in the long-range surface plasmon resonance structure with antimonene
Authors: Zheng Zhiwei , Diao Liangpeng , Luo Fengzhi , Xie Dawei , zhou Xinxing , Jiang Leyong
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a long-range surface plasmon resonance (LRSPR) structure with antimonene is proposed to enhance the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE). By exploiting the LRSPR with antimonene, the maximum transverse displacement of the incident beam with a wavelength of 633 nm can reach 121.4λ (76.9 µm), which is much larger than the previously reported value in the insulator-metal LRSPR structure. Given the high sensitivity of spin splitting to alterations in the refractive index of the sensing layer, PSHE finds application in sensors. Remarkably, the LRSPR structure featuring antimonene demonstrates a sensitivity of 7 × 104 µm/RIU, an order of magnitude higher than that of conventional SPR structures. These results present a promising avenue for integrating PSHE into biosensing applications.
Two-dimensional optical multiple-order differentiations based on spatial spectrum modulation
Authors: Chen Yizhe , Yan Ding , Wang Xiangwei , Qi Tong , Gao Wei
Published: June 2024

Optical differential operations have recently attracted considerable attention owing to the capabilities of ultrafast speed and low power consumption. The transfer function, which embodies the frequency-domain characteristics of differential systems, plays an important role in differentiator design. Here, we report a super-Gaussian aperture differential filter, and we reveal unique characteristics of odd- and even-order transfer functions and corresponding differential effects via spatial spectrum modulation. We show that the feature of the transfer function is well maintained, and more precise differentiation can be achieved using the designed filter. Two-dimensional first- to fifth-order full and partial differentiations are implemented both theoretically and experimentally. Our work provides an approach for engineering customized multiple-order differentiators and promotes the advancements of related areas such as optical analog computing and image processing.
Efficient non-line-of-sight tracking with computational neuromorphic imaging
Authors: Zhu Shuo , Ge Zhou , Wang Chutian , Han Jing , Lam Edmund Y.
Published: June 2024

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) sensing is an emerging technique that is capable of detecting objects hidden behind a wall, around corners, or behind other obstacles. However, NLOS tracking of moving objects is challenging due to signal redundancy and background interference. Here, we demonstrate computational neuromorphic imaging with an event camera for NLOS tracking, unaffected by the relay surface, which can efficiently obtain non-redundant information. We show how this sensor, which responds to changes in luminance within dynamic speckle fields, allows us to capture the most relevant events for direct motion estimation. The experimental results confirm that our method has superior performance in terms of efficiency, and accuracy, which greatly benefits from focusing on well-defined NLOS object tracking.
Ultra-wide range non-contact surface profilometry based on reconfigurable fiber interferometry
Authors: Maurya Arvind Kumar , Chatterjee Kalipada , Jha Rajan
Published: June 2024

Surface characterization is essential for a technical evaluation of device performance and to assess surface dynamics in fabrication units. In this regard, a number of surface profiling techniques have been developed that accurately map sample topography but have significantly limited detection range. Here, we demonstrate a cascaded non-contact fiber interferometer-based approach for real-time high-precision surface profiling with ultrawide detection range (nm to mm). This compact interferometers’ system operates by wavelength interrogation that provides a scope to study several types of surfaces and has a tunable cavity configuration for varying the sensitivity and range of the detectable features’ size. The proposed system enables nanoscale profiling over 10–1000 nm with resolution of 10 nm and microscale mapping over 1–1000 µm with resolution of 0.2 µm. The technique is utilized to map the features of nanostructured surfaces and estimate the surface roughness of standardized industrial samples.
High-spatial-resolution φ-OFDR shape sensor based on multicore optical fiber with femtosecond-laser-induced permanent scatter arrays: publisher’s note
Authors: Fu Cailing , Meng Yanjie , Chen Lin , Zhong Huajian , Du Chao , He Jun , Weng Xiaoyu , Liu Liwei , Qu Junle , Wang Yiping
Published: June 2024

This publisher’s note contains a correction to Opt. Lett. 48, 3219 (2023)10.1364/OL.486644.
Reliable ligand discrimination in stochastic multistep kinetic proofreading: First passage time vs. product counting strategies
Authors: Li Xiangting , Chou Tom
Published: June 2024

Cellular signaling, crucial for biological processes like immune response and homeostasis, relies on specificity and fidelity in signal transduction to accurately respond to stimuli amidst biological noise. Kinetic proofreading (KPR) is a key mechanism enhancing signaling specificity through time-delayed steps, although its effectiveness is debated due to intrinsic noise potentially reducing signal fidelity. In this study, we reformulate the theory of kinetic proofreading (KPR) by convolving multiple intermediate states into a single state and then define an overall “processing” time required to traverse these states. This simplification allows us to succinctly describe kinetic proofreading in terms of a single waiting time parameter, facilitating a more direct evaluation and comparison of KPR performance across different biological contexts such as DNA replication and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. We find that loss of fidelity for longer proofreading steps relies on the specific strategy of information extraction and show that in the first-passage time (FPT) discrimination strategy, longer proofreading steps can exponentially improve the accuracy of KPR at the cost of speed. Thus, KPR can still be an effective discrimination mechanism in the high noise regime. However, in a product concentration-based discrimination strategy, longer proofreading steps do not necessarily lead to an increase in performance. However, by introducing activation thresholds on product concentrations, can we decompose the product-based strategy into a series of FPT-based strategies to better resolve the subtleties of KPR-mediated product discrimination. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding KPR in the context of how information is extracted and processed in the cell.
Regulatory properties of transcription factors with diverse mechanistic function
Authors: Ali Md Zulfikar , Guharajan Sunil , Parisutham Vinuselvi , Brewster Robert C.
Published: June 2024

Transcription factors (TFs) regulate the process of transcription through the modulation of different kinetic steps. Although models can often describe the observed transcriptional output of a measured gene, predicting a TFs role on a given promoter requires an understanding of how the TF alters each step of the transcription process. In this work, we use a simple model of transcription to assess the role of promoter identity, and the degree to which TFs alter binding of RNAP (stabilization) and initiation of transcription (acceleration) on three primary characteristics: the range of steady-state regulation, cell-to-cell variability in expression, and the dynamic response time of a regulated gene. We find that steady state regulation and the response time of a gene behave uniquely for TFs that regulate incoherently, i.e that speed up one step but slow the other. We also find that incoherent TFs have dynamic implications, with one type of incoherent mode configuring the promoter to respond more slowly at intermediate TF concentrations. We also demonstrate that the noise of gene expression for these TFs is sensitive to promoter strength, with a distinct non-monotonic profile that is apparent under stronger promoters. Taken together, our work uncovers the coupling between promoters and TF regulatory modes with implications for understanding natural promoters and engineering synthetic gene circuits with desired expression properties.
Growth deficiency in a mouse model of Kabuki syndrome 2 bears mechanistic similarities to Kabuki syndrome 1
Authors: Gao Christine W. , Lin WanYing , Riddle Ryan C. , Chopra Sheetal , Kim Jiyoung , Boukas Leandros , Hansen Kasper D. , Björnsson Hans T. , Fahrner Jill A.
Published: June 2024

Growth deficiency is a characteristic feature of both Kabuki syndrome 1 (KS1) and Kabuki syndrome 2 (KS2), Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery with similar phenotypes but distinct genetic etiologies. We previously described skeletal growth deficiency in a mouse model of KS1 and further established that a Kmt2d-/- chondrocyte model of KS1 exhibits precocious differentiation. Here we characterized growth deficiency in a mouse model of KS2, Kdm6atm1d/+. We show that Kdm6atm1d/+ mice have decreased femur and tibia length compared to controls and exhibit abnormalities in cortical and trabecular bone structure. Kdm6atm1d/+ growth plates are also shorter, due to decreases in hypertrophic chondrocyte size and hypertrophic zone height. Given these disturbances in the growth plate, we generated Kdm6a-/- chondrogenic cell lines. Similar to our prior in vitro model of KS1, we found that Kdm6a-/- cells undergo premature, enhanced differentiation towards chondrocytes compared to Kdm6a+/+ controls. RNA-seq showed that Kdm6a-/- cells have a distinct transcriptomic profile that indicates dysregulation of cartilage development. Finally, we performed RNA-seq simultaneously on Kmt2d-/-, Kdm6a-/-, and control lines at Days 7 and 14 of differentiation. This revealed surprising resemblance in gene expression between Kmt2d-/- and Kdm6a-/- at both time points and indicates that the similarity in phenotype between KS1 and KS2 also exists at the transcriptional level.
CRISPRi screen of long non-coding RNAs identifies LINC03045 regulating glioblastoma invasion
Authors: Tsung Kathleen , Liu Kristie Q. , Han Jane S. , Deshpande Krutika , Doan Tammy , Loh Yong-Hwee Eddie , Ding Li , Yang Wentao , Neman Josh , Dou Yali , Attenello Frank J.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Glioblastoma (GBM) invasion studies have focused on coding genes, while few studies evaluate long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcripts without protein-coding potential, for role in GBM invasion. We leveraged CRISPR-interference (CRISPRi) to evaluate invasive function of GBM-associated lncRNAs in an unbiased functional screen, characterizing and exploring the mechanism of identified candidates.

Methods

We implemented a CRISPRi lncRNA loss-of-function screen evaluating association of lncRNA knockdown (KD) with invasion capacity in Matrigel. Top screen candidates were validated using CRISPRi and oligonucleotide(ASO)-mediated knockdown in three tumor lines. Clinical relevance of candidates was assessed via The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression(GTEx) survival analysis. Mediators of lncRNA effect were identified via differential expression analysis following lncRNA KD and assessed for tumor invasion using knockdown and rescue experiments.

Results

Forty-eight lncRNAs were significantly associated with 33–83% decrease in invasion (p<0.01) upon knockdown. The top candidate, LINC03045, identified from effect size and p-value, demonstrated 82.7% decrease in tumor cell invasion upon knockdown, while LINC03045 expression was significantly associated with patient survival and tumor grade(p<0.0001). RNAseq analysis of LINC03045 knockdown revealed that WASF3, previously implicated in tumor invasion studies, was highly correlated with lncRNA expression, while WASF3 KD was associated with significant decrease in invasion. Finally, WASF3 overexpression demonstrated rescue of invasive function lost with LINC03045 KD.

Conclusion

CRISPRi screening identified LINC03045, a previously unannotated lncRNA, as critical to GBM invasion. Gene expression is significantly associated with tumor grade and survival. RNA-seq and mechanistic studies suggest that this novel lncRNA may regulate invasion via WASF3.
“Alcohol will never run out”: Socio-ecological drivers of adolescent boys’ alcohol use in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania
Authors: Seekles Maaike L. , Mwita Winfrida , Andongolile Alice , Kihange Abdulrahaman , Owen Gilbert , Hudda Aliza , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Obasi Angela I. N.
Published: June 2024

Heavy alcohol use amongst adolescent boys is a major public health concern in many countries. It is associated with a range of negative physical and mental health outcomes and predicts alcohol-related problems in adulthood. In Kilimanjaro Region, adolescent boys’ alcohol use is widespread, and higher than other regions in Tanzania. An understanding of causal and contextual factors that influence the use of alcohol is needed to inform the development and implementation of effective alcohol prevention interventions. This study aimed to explore these socio-ecological factors in-depth amongst adolescent boys, young men and key stakeholders in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Between August 2022 and June 2023, multi-method, participatory, qualitative methods including: ethnographic observations (8 weeks), 37 in-depth interviews, 14 focus group discussions and participatory adolescent activities were used to elicit perceptions on factors driving adolescent boys’ alcohol use in two (rural/urban) settings. Data were triangulated and deductively analysed, guided by Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological framework. This study found many dynamic and inter-related factors linked to alcohol use within adolescents’ social, cultural, economic, regulatory, and physical environments. In a context of widespread availability of alcohol, low enforcement of alcohol regulation and (mis)conceptions around the benefits of alcohol use (e.g. curative and/or nutritional properties), parental and cultural influences largely determined the initiation of use in childhood and younger adolescence; employment status, peers, lack of alternative recreational activity and social norms around independence appeared to drive continued and increased use in older adolescence. Factors and their impact varied between rural and urban settings. In conclusion, a wide range of determinants and drivers of alcohol use among ABYM work at multiple socio-ecological levels especially parental, cultural and socioeconomic factors. This suggests that effective prevention requires a systems approach intervening across these levels. For example, incorporating education/awareness raising, increased law enforcement, parent-child communication and problem-solving, and income generation activities.
Exploring the perspectives of healthcare professionals on providing supported asthma self-management for Bangladeshi and Pakistani people in the UK
Authors: Ahmed Salina , Pinnock Hilary , Steed Liz
Published: June 2024

Background

Self-management support improves asthma outcomes and is widely recommended in guidelines, yet it is poorly implemented in routine practice. There may be additional challenges in the context of ethnic minority groups, where making sense of culture may be necessary. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of healthcare professionals on supporting UK Bangladeshi and Pakistani patients to self-manage their asthma.

Methods

One-to-one semi-structured interviews with professionals (primary and secondary care; medical and nursing) who routinely provide asthma care to Bangladeshi or Pakistani patients. Topics addressed included perceptions of professionals in supporting patients with asthma self-management and ideas for improving culturally competent care. Data were analysed thematically.

Results

Nine professionals, from a range of ethnic backgrounds, with considerable experience of treating patients from these communities were interviewed. Despite organisational restrictions (language and time/resources) and expressed gaps in cultural knowledge and training, all interviewees reported attempting to tailor support according to culture. They used their perception of the patient’s culture (e.g., big families and family involvement), integrated with their perception of patients’ ability to self-manage (e.g., degree of responsibility taken for asthma), to formulate theories about how to culturally adapt their approach to supported self-management, e.g., supporting barriers in understanding asthma. There was consensus that gaps in cultural knowledge of professionals needed to be addressed through training or information. Interventions recommended for patients included basic education, group meetings, and culturally relevant action plans.

Conclusion

In the absence of formal training and constrained by organisational limitations, self-management support was adapted based on personal and professional perception of culture. These ideas were based on experience and formulated a chain of reasoning. Professionals recognised the limitations of this approach and potential to overgeneralise their perceptions of culture and adaptations of supported self-management. Interventions were desired and need to address professional training in cultural competence and the provision of culturally relevant materials.
Serum metabolome analysis in hyperthyroid cats before and after radioactive iodine therapy
Authors: Bechtold Molly A. , Lin Yimei , Miller Meredith L. , Prieto Jennifer M. , Frederick Carol E. , Bennett Lucinda L. , Peterson Mark E. , Simpson Kenneth W. , Loftus John P.
Published: June 2024

Hyperthyroidism is the most common feline endocrinopathy. In hyperthyroid humans, untargeted metabolomic analysis identified persistent metabolic derangements despite achieving a euthyroid state. Therefore, we sought to define the metabolome of hyperthyroid cats and identify ongoing metabolic changes after treatment. We prospectively compared privately-owned hyperthyroid cats (n = 7) admitted for radioactive iodine (I-131) treatment and euthyroid privately-owned control (CON) cats (n = 12). Serum samples were collected before (T0), 1-month (T1), and three months after (T3) I-131 therapy for untargeted metabolomic analysis by MS/MS. Hyperthyroid cats (T0) had a distinct metabolic signature with 277 significantly different metabolites than controls (70 increased, 207 decreased). After treatment, 66 (T1 vs. CON) and 64 (T3 vs. CON) metabolite differences persisted. Clustering and data reduction analysis revealed separate clustering of hyperthyroid (T0) and CON cats with intermediate phenotypes after treatment (T1 & T3). Mevalonate/mevalonolactone and creatine phosphate were candidate biomarkers with excellent discrimination between hyperthyroid and healthy cats. We found several metabolic derangements (e.g., decreased carnitine and α-tocopherol) do not entirely resolve after achieving a euthyroid state after treating hyperthyroid cats with I-131. Further investigation is warranted to determine diagnostic and therapeutic implications for candidate biomarkers and persistent metabolic abnormalities.
Herpes simplex virus spreads rapidly in human foreskin, partly driven by chemokine-induced redistribution of Nectin-1 on keratinocytes
Authors: Rana Hafsa , Truong Naomi R. , Johnson Blake , Baharlou Heeva , Herbert Jason J. , Kandasamy Sasikaran , Goddard Robert , Cohen Ralph C. , Wines Michael , Nasr Najla , Harman Andrew N. , Bertram Kirstie M. , Sandgren Kerrie J. , Cunningham Anthony L.
Published: June 2024

HSV infects keratinocytes in the epidermis of skin via nectin-1. We established a human foreskin explant infection model to investigate HSV entry and spread. HSV1 entry could only be achieved by the topical application of virus via high density microarray projections (HD-MAPs) to the epidermis, which penetrated beyond one third of its thickness, simulating in vivo microtrauma. Rapid lateral spread of HSV1 to a mean of 13 keratinocytes wide occurred after 24 hours and free virus particles were observed between keratinocytes, consistent with an intercellular route of spread. Nectin-1 staining was markedly decreased in foci of infection in the epidermis and in the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line. Nectin-1 was redistributed, at the protein level, in adjacent uninfected cells surrounding infection, inducible by CCL3, IL-8 (or CXCL8), and possibly CXCL10 and IL-6, thus facilitating spread. These findings provide the first insights into HSV1 entry and spread in human inner foreskin in situ.
Raymond, Chase Wesley y Olguín, Luis Manuel, Análisis de la Conversación: fundamentos, metodología y alcances. Londres & Nueva York: Routledge. 2022. 235 pp. ISBN 978-1-138-58052-7
Authors: Batlle Rodríguez Jaume
Published: June 2024

Raymond, Chase Wesley y Olguín, Luis Manuel, Análisis de la Conversación: fundamentos, metodología y alcances. Londres & Nueva York: Routledge. 2022. 235 pp. ISBN 978-1-138-58052-7.
El léxico de la descripción agroforestal en textos científicos en inglés y español
Authors: Castillejos López Willelmira , Ayala Montejo Diana
Published: June 2024

El abordaje de un tema en el mundo académico depende de las prácticas discursivas que participen en su concepción. Dichas prácticas pueden asumir orientaciones específicas según la lengua y el contexto social en el que se desenvuelvan. La agroforestería es un campo de conocimiento cuya adscripción científica está en pleno proceso evolutivo, de ahí el objetivo de este estudio en analizar el léxico con que se la describe en dos idiomas (inglés y español), así como la forma en que dicho léxico se relaciona con el concepto agroforestal. Desde las líneas de la Lingüística de Corpus (LC) y mediante herramientas de análisis de frecuencias y diagramas de conglomerados de tres niveles en el programa Nvivo, versión 2020, se analizaron dos corpus de textos académicos relativos a la agroforestería, cada uno representando los dos idiomas mencionados, de un acervo del período 2015 a 2020. La interpretación se basó en la Gramática Sistémico Funcional (GSF). Se encontraron tanto semejanzas como diferencias léxicas en el tratamiento que las comunidades académicas en español y en inglés dan a la agroforestería, teniendo el español una orientación teórica y práctica (holística), mientras que el inglés privilegia la tendencia empírica. Se concluye que el significado social representado en el léxico para describir la agroforestería depende de cómo conciben un campo de conocimiento los usuarios de un concepto, lo cual está ligado al valor histórico y cultural del mismo. Tanto la LC, como la GSF son útiles para la observación del funcionamiento del discurso de la agroforestería.
Discurso, parresia e trans-gressão no filme Alice Júnior
Authors: Franco Wagner Ernesto Jonas , Azeredo Luciana Aparecida Silva de , Mascia Márcia Aparecida Amador
Published: June 2024

O objetivo geral deste trabalho é compreender a relação saber-poder na malha discursiva que submete a personagem Alice Júnior no filme homônimo. Nosso objetivo específico é analisar a manifestação do poder microfísico de subjetivar o personagem e seus modos de resistência. Alice resiste a uma sociedade homofóbica de forma parresiástica, falando francamente sobre si mesma e colocando seu corpo em risco. Este trabalho baseia-se teórica e metodologicamente na Análise do Discurso Francesa, utilizando especificamente ferramentas de Michel Pêcheux e Michel Foucault. Concluímos que a forma parresiástica como Alice fala de si mesma faz com que os outros também falem abertamente sobre si mesmos, o que pode causar uma perturbação nas filiações sócio-históricas de sentido.
DIGITAL EDUCATION AS A BASIS FOR IMPROVING THE SOCIAL MECHANISM OF COMMITMENT TO THE PROFESSION OF HIGHER SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Sidorenko Igor Olegovich
Published: June 2024

The processes of cognition of the theory of commitment to the profession of a higher education teacher for the establishment of improved higher education and the accompanying scientific and expert discussions began long before the start of the reformation of the 21st century, however, the total transition to a new form of advanced training and innovative work of universities since 2021 has updated a new round of discussions about how the use of digital technologies is changing the landscape of higher education and the roles and modes of work of professionals. The article, based on a series of semi-structured interviews with teachers from 3 universities, most often of a humanitarian nature, which were collected in two stages from March to April 2021 and a survey of teachers in June 2023, discusses the transformation of the teaching profession in the new conditions after 2015. The key attention is paid to what is happening with the social mechanism of management in the new conditions, how the relationship between the administration and the teaching community is changing. It is shown that in the conditions of “forced bureaucratization” two divergent aspects are emerging. On the one hand, in the conditions of an unprecedented natural experiment on the mass transfer of all work processes into a mixed learning format, traditional forms of manifestation of the social management mechanism are being revived through the self-organization of the teaching community, the emergence of networks of cooperation and mutual support between professionals. On the other hand, teachers note increased administrative control and bureaucratization of the educational process.  In some cases, this leads to an aggravation of conflict between the administration and the teaching community and is perceived by the latter as a threat to the social management mechanism. In this way, scientific algorithms are updated in relation to the future of the profession of a higher education teacher. The presented analysis concludes with a discussion of possible measures that can be taken to reduce the potential negative effects of the identified aspects on the entire higher education system.
Microstrip Passive Components for Energy Harvesting and 5G Applications
Authors: Nouri Leila , Yahya Salah I. , Rezaei Abbas , Majidifar Sohrab
Published: June 2024

This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of microstrip passive components for energy harvesting and 5G applications. The paper covers the structure, fabrication and performance of various microstrip passive components such as filters, couplers, diplexers and triplexers. The size and performance of several 5G and energy harvester microstrip passive devices are compared and discussed. The review highlights the importance of these components in enabling efficient energy harvesting and high-speed communication in 5G networks. Additionally, the paper discusses the latest advancements in microstrip technology and identifies key research challenges and future directions in this field. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers working on microstrip passive components for energy harvesting and 5G applications.
Fatigue in Parkinson’s Disease Is Due to Decreased Efficiency of the Frontal Network: Quantitative EEG Analysis
Authors: Kim Min Seung , Park Sanguk , Park Ukeob , Kang Seung Wan , Kang Suk Yun
Published: June 2024

Objective Fatigue is a common, debilitating nonmotor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its mechanism is poorly understood. We aimed to determine whether electroencephalography (EEG) could objectively measure fatigue and to explore the pathophysiology of fatigue in PD.Methods We studied 32 de novo PD patients who underwent EEG. We compared brain activity between 19 PD patients without fatigue and 13 PD patients with fatigue via EEG power spectra and graphs, including the global efficiency, characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, small-worldness, local efficiency, degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality.Results No significant differences in absolute or relative power were detected between PD patients without or with fatigue (all p > 0.02, Bonferroni-corrected). According to our network analysis, brain network efficiency differed by frequency band. Generally, the brain network in the frontal area for theta and delta bands showed greater efficiency, and in the temporal area, the alpha1 band was less efficient in PD patients without fatigue (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0011, and p = 0.0007, respectively, Bonferroni-corrected).Conclusion Our study suggests that PD patients with fatigue have less efficient networks in the frontal area than PD patients without fatigue. These findings may explain why fatigue is common in PD, a frontostriatal disorder. Increased efficiency in the temporal area in PD patients with fatigue is assumed to be compensatory. Brain network analysis using graph theory is more valuable than power spectrum analysis in revealing the brain mechanism related to fatigue.
Skeptical Suspension in the Face of Disagreement
Authors: Bullock Joseph B.
Published: June 2024

Pyrrhonian skeptics, according to Sextus Empiricus, suspend judgment in the face of equally strong oppositions, but they also continue to investigate. This joint characterization has puzzled scholars: Why keep investigating if the evidence demands epochē? On this point, Sextus has been accused of muddled thinking at best and incoherence at worst. In this paper, I explain how investigative activity harmonizes with the suspensive mindset. My interpretation helps to explain several puzzling features of Pyrrhonian philosophy in addition to the idea that one can both suspend judgment and continue investigating.
Argumente gegen Stammtischparolen – auch für Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare
Authors: Fühles-Ubach Simone , Hufer Klaus-Peter , Banach Wiktoria , Kortmann Melina , Persé Lina , Rickert Elisa , Schlimbach Anna , Seitz Bjarne
Published: June 2024

Der Text beleuchtet die Einführung einer neuen Wahl-Lehrveranstaltung an der Technischen Hochschule Köln (TH Köln) mit dem Titel Argumentationstraining gegen Stammtischparolen. Diese Veranstaltung, initiiert von Prof. Klaus-Peter Hufer, bietet Studierenden des Studiengangs Bibliothek und digitale Kommunikation die Möglichkeit, sich in Argumentationstechniken gegen rechtsextreme Äußerungen zu schulen. Der Bedarf für Demokratiearbeit in Bibliotheken wird herausgearbeitet, wobei die Rolle von Bibliotheken als Orte gelebter Demokratie und demokratischer Kultur hervorgehoben wird. Der Artikel betont die steigende Forschungsaktivität zu diesem Thema und unterstreicht die Relevanz von Bibliotheken als Akteure der Demokratieförderung. Die Lehrveranstaltung wird mit ihren Zielen, Inhalten und Methoden erläutert. Darüber hinaus werden die Ergebnisse der Interviews von Studierenden mit acht Bibliotheken zum Thema bibliothekarische Demokratiearbeit vorgestellt.
Natural pigment indigoidine production: process design, simulation, and techno-economic assessment
Authors: Mora-Jiménez Jhared Axel , Alvarez-Rodriguez Vanessa Andreina , Cisneros-Hernández Sebastián , Ramírez-Martínez Carolina , Ordaz Alberto
Published: June 2024

Natural pigment production represents an innovative and sustainable alternative to synthetic pigments. However, its industrial production to meet the global demand for pigments poses technological and economic challenges. In this work, a process design and simulation were conducted using SuperPro Designer to produce a blue natural pigment known as indigoidine, which is in high demand as a natural alternative to synthetic blue dyes in industries. The process design included upstream, bioreaction, and downstream processing to produce 113 tons per year of dry indigoidine. For the conception and design of the bioprocess, experimental data reported in the literature, such as kinetic and stoichiometric parameters, culture media, feeding strategy, and volumetric power input, were taken into account. The economic and profitability indicators of four scenarios were assessed based on a base scenario, which involved changing the typical stirred tank reactor to an airlift reactor, decreasing indigoidine recovery, and reducing biomass production. It was estimated that the use of an airlift reactor significantly improves the profitability of the bioprocess, while a 50 % decrease in biomass concentration (less than 40 g/L) significantly affected the profitability of the process. Finally, an equilibrium production point of around 56 tons per year was determined to balance total revenues with operational costs. This is the first work that offers valuable insights into the scaling-up of natural pigment indigoidine production using bacteria.
Developing Multilingual Competence in Future Educators: Approaches, Challenges, and Best Practices
Authors: Tuimebayeva Gulimzhan , Shagrayeva Bibigul , Kerimbayeva Kulyash , Shertayeva Naila , Bitemirova Aliya , Abdurazova Perizat
Published: June 2024

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of multilingual education, highlighting key issues, methodologies, and future directions in this area. Based on the theoretical foundations of Vygotsky and Krashen, as well as practical approaches such as project-based learning and task-based language learning, the study highlights the importance of multilingual competence for future educators. The key findings highlight the need for reforms in teacher training, starting with teaching in the students’ native language, which promotes deep understanding and active participation in the educational process. Serious problems related to teacher resources and training are discussed, as well as the adaptation of teaching strategies to linguistic diversity. The presented results make a significant contribution to the existing literature, offering solutions to improve the effectiveness of multilingual educational strategies and their implications for future teaching practices. The recommendations of this study suggest areas for future research, including the development of comprehensive teacher training programs that will be adapted to the needs of a multilingual educational environment.
On the criteria of a measure of non-strict cosingularity in the description of spectral properties of operator matrix
Authors: Bouzidi Sana , Walha Ines
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we are interested to formulate new assumptions on the entries of an unbounded

3
×
3

3\times 3

block operator matrix defined with a maximal domain on the product of Banach spaces guaranteeing its corresponding Frobenius–Schur formula.
Our approach allows us to derive some original stability results intervening in the theory of perturbed lower semi-Fredholm operators involving the concept of a measure of non-strict cosingularity perturbation.
A new technique is presented to investigate the Weidmann and defect essential spectra of the closure of such model of operator matrix via new criterion of perturbation.
IcoSema: unveiling the future of diabetes management from a clinical pharmacology perspective
Authors: Seetharaman Rajmohan , Monteiro Rhea , Maradia Jay , Tripathi Raakhi
Published: June 2024

IcoSema, a groundbreaking approach to diabetes management, combines insulin icodec and semaglutide to offer a transformative treatment option. Insulin icodec delivers consistent glucose-lowering effects with once-weekly dosing, while semaglutide, a GLP-1 agonist, stimulates insulin secretion and aids in weight loss. This comprehensive article evaluates the potential of IcoSema from a clinical pharmacology perspective, examining the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, compliance and cost-effectiveness of its individual components, as well as considering comparable combination therapies like iGlarLixi and IDegLira. By analysing these crucial factors, the article aims to determine the potential of IcoSema in the field of diabetes management. The combination of insulin icodec and semaglutide has the potential to provide improved glycaemic control, weight management, and simplified treatment regimens, addressing common challenges faced in diabetes management. Safety, compliance and cost considerations are important aspects of evaluating this combination therapy. Ongoing trials investigating IcoSema are expected to provide valuable insights into its efficacy, safety and comparative effectiveness. By addressing concerns such as potential side effects, individual patient response and drug interactions, healthcare providers can optimize treatment outcomes and enhance the management of type 2 diabetes.
Performance parameters estimation of high speed Silicon/Germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultra high speed optical communication system
Authors: Gopalan Anitha , Arulmozhi Arumugam Krishnan , Pandian Manimaraboopathy Maruthu , Mohanadoss Priscilla , Dorairajan Nithya , Balaji Morasa , Taher Aziz Mahoumd
Published: June 2024

This paper has clarified the performance parameters estimation of high speed silicon/germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultrahigh speed optical communication system. The basic structure configuration of avalanche photodiode is clarified. The basic depletion region configuration schematic view is demonstrated. As well as the maximum electric field is indicated for impact ionization through avalanche photodiode in the presence of load. Various avalanche photo-detectors multiplication factor is clarified versus reverse bias voltage at room temperature. Different avalanche photo-detectors dark current is measured against avalanche photo-detectors volume at room temperature. Various avalanche photo-detectors effective doping concentration is demonstrated against ambient temperature variations. Si/Ge/InGaAsP avalanche photo-detectors excess noise factor is demonstrated versus the ionization ratio at room temperature (T = 300 K) and different ambient temperature (T = 350 K andT = 400 K). Various avalanche photo-detectors excess noise factor is measured clearly versus the multiplication factor at room temperature. Si/Ge/InGaAsP avalanche photo-detectors excess noise factor is demonstrated versus reverse bias voltage at room temperature. Si/Ge/InGaAsP avalanche photo-detectors noise equivalent power is clarified versus multiplication factor at room temperature. Various avalanche photo-detectors noise equivalent power is studied versus temperature variations. Si/Ge/InGaAsP avalanche photo-detectors sensitivity is measured in relation to the temperature variations. Different avalanche photo-detectors sensitivity is demonstrated in relation to reverse bias voltage variations at room temperature.