bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of implant design and length on stress distribution in immediately loaded implants in posterior maxilla – A two-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Singh Rika , Desai Shrikar R. , Manjunath R. G. Shiva
Published: January 2024

Aim:

The aim of this two dimensional (2D) finite element analysis study was to evaluate the influence of implant design (step and tapered) and length on stress distribution at bone implant interface, when placed in maxillary posterior bone under immediate loading protocol.

Materials and Methods:

2D finite element models were developed to simulate the two types of implant designs, i.e., Tapered and step implants of 3.75-mm – Diameter and 6 and 10 mm lengths, respectively. Maxillary posterior bone quality (D4 bone) was simulated with a very thin cortical bone (0.5 mm) for the placement of implants. The respective material properties were assigned. The implant designs incorporated microthreads at the crestal part and rest of the implant body incorporated Acme threads. Forces of 100 Newtons were applied vertically and in oblique direction (at an angle of 45°) to long axis of the implants. Total deformation (micromovements), stresses and strains were evaluated at the bone implant interface.

Results:

The results of micromovements, stresses and strains were found to be lower for long implants as compared to short implants. Also, all the values were found to be higher for oblique loads as compared to vertical loads. The von mises stress values were highest for 6 mm step implants and lowest for 10 mm step implants.

Conclusion:

In the presence of low bone density with optimal bone height, standard diameter long step implants can be used. Incorporation of microthreads at the crestal portion and acme threads for body portion of the implant presents a good option to be used under immediate loading protocol.
Comparing the effectiveness of water flosser and dental floss in plaque reduction among adults: A systematic review
Authors: Mohapatra Subhashree , Rajpurohit Ladusingh , Mohandas Rahul , Patil Sujeet
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Interdental aids such as dental floss and water flossers have been found to be effective in removing interdental plaque. This systematic review aimed to compare the available data on the efficacy of dental floss and water flossers in plaque removal among adults.

Materials and Methods:

Five databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Lilac, and Google Scholar were searched from January 1, 2002, to October 31, 2022, to obtain the relevant articles. Based on the search strategy, the titles of the studies were screened independently by two reviewers. Randomized controlled trials were included in the review, in which the study participants were given either dental floss or water flosser. Reduction in plaque scores was the outcome that was assessed. Seven articles met the eligibility criteria and were further processed for qualitative analysis.

Results:

The majority of the studies favored water flossers over dental floss in plaque reduction. Water flosser was also found to be effective in removing plaque from inaccessible interproximal areas of the tooth surfaces as compared to dental floss.

Conclusion:

Based on the scope of this review, results suggest that water flossers can be used as an effective alternative to dental floss in patients with manual dexterity, patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, and patients with dental prostheses.
Actinomycosis of periodontium, mimicking gingival enlargement – A case report and its management
Authors: Jeyasree Renganath Murugan , Muthuraj Thamil Selvan , Usha Gomakumar Kanakasabhapathi , Raja Jacob
Published: January 2024

Gingival abscess is a localized, acute inflammatory lesion which is caused by various factors that include microbial plaque infection, foreign body impaction, and trauma. Management includes a simple incision and draining of the purulent exudate along with systemic antibiotics in most of the cases. This article reports a case of a 16-year-old female patient, with a chief complaint of painful and swollen gums in her lower right front tooth region of the jaw along with fever for the past 5 days. Emergency treatment of abscess drainage was done on day 1. On 5th day of review, the case presented with persistent signs of gingival inflammation in relation to 43 to 41. Considering the provisional diagnosis as dentigerous cyst with persistent gingival abscess, definitive treatment was performed by transalveolar extraction of the impacted canine and debridement of the osseous lesion. The histologic analysis of the lesion exhibited foci of eosinophilic coagulum-like areas with epicentric and radiating filamentous appearance at the periphery, which is suggestive of an inflamed dentigerous cyst with actinomycosis infection of periodontium.
The points and localisations of the topos of $M$-sets
Authors: Pirashvili Ilia
Published: January 2024

In previous papers, we were able to prove that, much like in classical algebraic geometry, it is possible to recover our monoid scheme

X

from the topos

\mathsf{Qcoh}(X)

. This was achieved using topos points and localisations of

\mathsf{Qcoh}(X)

. With this philosophy in mind, the aim of this paper is to study the topos of

M

-sets for non-commutative monoids, especially their points and localisations. We will classify the points and localisations of

M

-sets for finite monoids in terms of the idempotent elements of

M

and idempotent ideals of

M

, respectively. Some of the results obtained in this paper can already be found in previous works, in direct or indirect forms. See the last part of the introduction.
Clinical efficacy of modified Kamikawa anastomosis in patients with laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy
Authors: Wu Chu-Ying , Lin Jian-An , Ye Kai
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

With the increasing incidence of proximal gastric cancer, laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy has been applied. However, reflux esophagitis often occurs after traditional esophagogastric anastomosis. In order to solve this problem, several methods of digestive tract reconstruction have emerged, but the most satisfying method remains to be discussed. Therefore, we modified traditional Kamikawa anastomosis to investigate the appropriate digestive tract reconstruction in laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy.

AIM

To discuss the clinical efficacy of modified Kamikawa anastomosis in laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy.

METHODS

A retrospective case series was adopted. Clinicopathological data were collected from 26 patients who underwent laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and modified Kamikawa anastomosis at our hospital from January 2020 to September 2022. The operation conditions, postoperative recovery, postoperative complications, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

All the patients were successfully operated on without conversion to laparotomy. The duration of operation and digestive tract reconstruction were 203.500 (150-224) min and 87.500 (73-111) min, respectively. The intraoperative amount of bleeding was 20.500 mL ± 0.696 mL. The time of postoperative first flatus, the first postoperative fluid intake, and the postoperative length of stay were 2 (1-3) d, 4 (3-5) d, and 9 (8-10) d, respectively. All the patients were followed up for 12-23 months. The body mass index at 6 and 12 months after surgery were 22.577 kg/m2 ± 3.098 kg/m2 and 22.594 kg/m2 ± 3.207 kg/m2, respectively. The nutrition risk screening 2002 score, the patient-generated subjective global assessment score, and the gastroesophageal reflux disease scale score were good at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Reflux esophagitis and anastomotic stenosis were not observed in any of the patients during their 12-month postoperative gastroscopy or upper gastrointestinal tract visits. All the patients exhibited no tumor recurrence or metastasis.

CONCLUSION

The modified Kamikawa anastomosis is safe and feasible for laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and has good antireflux effects and nutritional status.
Practical effect of different teaching modes in teaching gastrointestinal surgery nursing
Authors: Rong Xiao-Juan , Ning Zhen
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

With the continuous development and progress of medical technology, the position of surgical nursing in the field of clinical medicine is becoming increasingly prominent. As an important branch of the surgical field, the nursing requirements and difficulty of gastrointestinal surgery are also increasing. In order to improve the teaching quality of nursing care in gastrointestinal surgery, many educators and researchers are actively exploring new teaching methods. Among them, the teaching method case-based learning (CBL), scene-simulated learning (SSL), task-based learning (TBL), combining self-evaluation and training mode is considered as an effective method. This method aims to help students to better master knowledge and skills and improve their comprehensive quality by cultivating their self-evaluation ability.

AIM

To explore the practical effect of CBL-SSL-TBL combined with training mode and student self-assessment in nursing teaching of gastrointestinal surgery.

METHODS

Seventy-one nursing interns in our hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were selected. According to different teaching modes, they were divided into observation group CBL-SSL-TBL combined with training mode combined with student self-assessment and control group (conventional teaching mode), of which 36 were in observation group and 35 were in control group. The results of operational skills, theoretical knowledge, nursing students' satisfaction, learning effectiveness questionnaire and teaching effect were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

Compared between the two groups, the operational skills and theoretical knowledge scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared between the two groups, the total satisfaction ratio of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared between the two groups, the observation group was lower than the control group in the questionnaire results of learning efficacy, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared between the two groups, the proportion of thinking ability, subjective initiative and understanding of theoretical knowledge in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The use of CBL-SSL-TBL combined with training mode and student self-assessment in gastrointestinal surgery nursing teaching can improve the operational skills of nursing interns, theoretical knowledge and satisfaction scores of nursing students, improve the results of learning efficiency questionnaire and teaching effect, which can be popularized in clinical teaching.
Predictive factors and model validation of post-colon polyp surgery Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Zhang Zheng-Sen
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Recently, research has linked Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) stomach infection to colonic inflammation, mediated by toxin production, potentially impacting colorectal cancer occurrence.

AIM

To investigate the risk factors for post-colon polyp surgery, H. pylori infection, and its correlation with pathologic type.

METHODS

Eighty patients who underwent colon polypectomy in our hospital between January 2019 and January 2023 were retrospectively chosen. They were then randomly split into modeling (n = 56) and model validation (n = 24) sets using R. The modeling cohort was divided into an H. pylori -infected group (n = 37) and an H. pylori -uninfected group (n = 19). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of H. pylori infection after colon polyp surgery. A roadmap prediction model was established and validated. Finally, the correlation between the different pathological types of colon polyps and the occurrence of H. pylori infection was analyzed after colon polyp surgery.

RESULTS

Univariate results showed that age, body mass index (BMI), literacy, alcohol consumption, polyp pathology type, high-risk adenomas, and heavy diet were all influential factors in the development of H. pylori infection after intestinal polypectomy. Binary multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI, and type of polyp pathology were independent predictors of the occurrence of H. pylori infection after intestinal polypectomy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.969 [95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.928–1.000] and 0.898 (95%CI: 0.773–1.000) in the modeling and validation sets, respectively. The slope of the calibration curve of the graph was close to 1, and the goodness-of-fit test was P > 0.05 in the two sets. The decision analysis curve showed a high rate of return in both sets. The results of the correlation analysis between different pathological types and the occurrence of H. pylori infection after colon polyp surgery showed that hyperplastic polyps, inflammatory polyps, and the occurrence of H. pylori infection were not significantly correlated. In contrast, adenomatous polyps showed a significant positive correlation with the occurrence of H. pylori infection.

CONCLUSION

Age, BMI, and polyps of the adenomatous type were independent predictors of H. pylori infection after intestinal polypectomy. Moreover, the further constructed column-line graph prediction model of H. pylori infection after intestinal polypectomy showed good predictive ability.
Micro-power negative pressure wound technique reduces risk of incision infection following loop ileostomy closure
Authors: Xu Deng-Yong , Bai Bing-Jun , Shan Lina , Wei Hui-Yan , Lin Deng-Feng , Wang Ya , Wang Da
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Prophylactic loop ileostomy is an effective way to reduce the clinical severity of anastomotic leakage following radical resection of rectal cancer. Incisional surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication after ileostomy closure.

AIM

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the micro-power negative pressure wound technique (MPNPWT) in preventing incisional SSI.

METHODS

This was a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at a single center. A total of 101 consecutive patients who underwent ileostomy closure after rectal cancer surgery with a prophylactic ileostomy were enrolled from January 2019 to December 2021. Patients were randomly allocated into an MPNPWT group and a control group. The MPNPWT group underwent intermittent suturing of the surgical incision with 2-0 Prolene and was covered with a micro-power negative pressure dressing. The surgical outcomes were compared between the MPNPWT (n = 50) and control (n = 51) groups. Risk factors for incisional SSI were identified using logistic regression.

RESULTS

There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the MPNPWT (n = 50) and control groups (n = 51). The incisional SSI rate was significantly higher in the control group than in the MPNPWT group (15.7% vs 2.0%, P = 0.031). However, MPNPWT did not affect other surgical outcomes, including intra-abdominal complications, operative time, and blood loss. Postoperative hospital stay length and hospitalization costs did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.069 and 0.843, respectively). None of the patients experienced adverse effects of MPNPWT, including skin allergy, dermatitis, and pain. MPNPWT also helped heal the infected incision. Our study indicated that MPNPWT was an independent protective factor [odds ratio (OR) = 0.005, P = 0.025)] and diabetes was a risk factor (OR = 26.575, P = 0.029) for incisional SSI.

CONCLUSION

MPNPWT is an effective and safe way to prevent incisional SSI after loop ileostomy closure.
Unraveling the efficacy network: A network meta-analysis of adjuvant external beam radiation therapy methods after hepatectomy
Authors: Yang Gao-Yuan , He Zhi-Wei , Tang Yong-Chang , Yuan Feng , Cao Ming-Bo , Ren Yu-Peng , Li Yu-Xuan , Su Xiao-Rui , Yao Zhi-Cheng , Deng Mei-Hai
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Primary liver cancer is a malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate that significantly affects patient prognosis. Postoperative adjuvant external radiation therapy (RT) has been shown to effectively prevent recurrence after liver cancer resection. However, there are multiple RT techniques available, and the differential effects of these techniques in preventing postoperative liver cancer recurrence require further investigation.

AIM

To assess the advantages and disadvantages of various adjuvant external RT methods after liver resection based on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) and to determine the optimal strategy.

METHODS

This study involved network meta-analyses and followed the PRISMA guidelines. The data of qualified studies published before July 10, 2023, were collected from PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. We included relevant studies on postoperative external beam RT after liver resection that had OS and DFS as the primary endpoints. The magnitudes of the effects were determined using risk ratios with 95% confidential intervals. The results were analyzed using R software and STATA software.

RESULTS

A total of 12 studies, including 1265 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver resection, were included in this study. There was no significant heterogeneity in the direct paired comparisons, and there were no significant differences in the inclusion or exclusion criteria, intervention measures, or outcome indicators, meeting the assumptions of heterogeneity and transitivity. OS analysis revealed that patients who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) after resection had longer OS than those who underwent intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or 3-dimensional conformal RT (3D-CRT). DFS analysis revealed that patients who underwent 3D-CRT after resection had the longest DFS. Patients who underwent IMRT after resection had longer OS than those who underwent 3D-CRT and longer DFS than those who underwent SBRT.

CONCLUSION

HCC patients who undergo liver cancer resection must consider distinct advantages and disadvantages when choosing between SBRT and 3D-CRT. IMRT, a RT technique that is associated with longer OS than 3D-CRT and longer DFS than SBRT, may be a preferred option.
Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress scoring system for predicting complications following abdominal surgery: A meta-analysis spanning 2004 to 2022
Authors: Pang Tian-Shu , Cao Li-Ping
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Postoperative complications remain a paramount concern for surgeons and healthcare practitioners.

AIM

To present a comprehensive analysis of the Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress (E-PASS) scoring system’s efficacy in predicting postoperative complications following abdominal surgery.

METHODS

A systematic search of published studies was conducted, yielding 17 studies with pertinent data. Parameters such as preoperative risk score (PRS), surgical stress score (SSS), comprehensive risk score (CRS), postoperative complications, postoperative mortality, and other clinical data were collected for meta-analysis. Forest plots were employed for continuous and binary variables, with χ 2 tests assessing heterogeneity (P value).

RESULTS

Patients experiencing complications after abdominal surgery exhibited significantly higher E-PASS scores compared to those without complications [mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) of PRS: 0.10 (0.05-0.15); SSS: 0.04 (0.001-0.08); CRS: 0.19 (0.07-0.31)]. Following the exclusion of low-quality studies, results remained valid with no discernible heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis indicated that variations in sample size and age may contribute to heterogeneity in CRS analysis. Binary variable meta-analysis demonstrated a correlation between high CRS and increased postoperative complication rates [odds ratio (OR) (95%CI): 3.01 (1.83-4.95)], with a significant association observed between high CRS and postoperative mortality [OR (95%CI): 15.49 (3.75-64.01)].

CONCLUSION

In summary, postoperative complications in abdominal surgery, as assessed by the E-PASS scoring system, are consistently linked to elevated PRS, SSS, and CRS scores. High CRS scores emerge as risk factors for heightened morbidity and mortality. This study establishes the accuracy of the E-PASS scoring system in predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality in abdominal surgery, underscoring its potential for widespread adoption in effective risk assessment.
Oncological features and prognosis of colorectal cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Yang Fu-Yu , He Fan , Chen De-Fei , Tang Cheng-Lin , Woraikat Saed , Li Yao , Qian Kun
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Due to the prolonged life expectancy and increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the prognosis and pathological features of CRC in HIV-positive patients require examination.

AIM

To compare the differences in oncological features, surgical safety, and prognosis between patients with and without HIV infection who have CRC at the same tumor stage and site.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, we collected data from HIV-positive and -negative patients who underwent radical resection for CRC. Using random stratified sampling, 24 HIV-positive and 363 HIV-negative patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma after radical resection were selected. Using propensity score matching, we selected 72 patients, matched 1:2 (HIV-positive:negative = 24:48). Differences in basic characteristics, HIV acquisition, perioperative serological indicators, surgical safety, oncological features, and long-term prognosis were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

Fewer patients with HIV infection underwent chemotherapy compared to patients without. HIV-positive patients had fewer preoperative and postoperative leukocytes, fewer preoperative lymphocytes, lower carcinoembryonic antigen levels, more intraoperative blood loss, more metastatic lymph nodes, higher node stage, higher tumor node metastasis stage, shorter overall survival, and shorter progression-free survival compared to patients who were HIV-negative.

CONCLUSION

Compared with CRC patients who are HIV-negative, patients with HIV infection have more metastatic lymph nodes and worse long-term survival after surgery. Standard treatment options for HIV-positive patients with CRC should be explored.
Prospects in the application of ultrasensitive chromosomal aneuploidy detection in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer
Authors: Qian Su-Ting , Xie Fei-Fei , Zhao Hao-Yu , Liu Qing-Sheng , Cai Dan-Li
Published: January 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignant tumor within the digestive system, with over 40% of new cases and deaths related to GC globally occurring in China. Despite advancements in treatment modalities, such as surgery supplemented by adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic agents, the prognosis for GC remains poor. New targeted therapies and immunotherapies are currently under investigation, but no significant breakthroughs have been achieved. Studies have indicated that GC is a heterogeneous disease, encompassing multiple subtypes with distinct biological characteristics and roles. Consequently, personalized treatment based on clinical features, pathologic typing, and molecular typing is crucial for the diagnosis and management of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC). Current research has categorized GC into four subtypes: Epstein-Barr virus-positive, microsatellite instability, genome stability, and chromosome instability (CIN). Technologies such as multi-omics analysis and gene sequencing are being employed to identify more suitable novel testing methods in these areas. Among these, ultrasensitive chromosomal aneuploidy detection (UCAD) can detect CIN at a genome-wide level in subjects using low-depth whole genome sequencing technology, in conjunction with bioinformatics analysis, to achieve qualitative and quantitative detection of chromosomal stability. This editorial reviews recent research advancements in UCAD technology for the diagnosis and management of PLGC.
Impact of open hepatectomy on postoperative bile leakage in patients with biliary tract cancer
Authors: Wu Gang , Li Wen-Ying , Gong Yu-Xing , Lin Feng , Sun Chen
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Bile leakage is a common and serious complication of open hepatectomy for the treatment of biliary tract cancer.

AIM

To evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and management of bile leakage after open hepatectomy in patients with biliary tract cancer.

METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed 120 patients who underwent open hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer from February 2018 to February 2023. Bile leak was defined as bile drainage from the surgical site or drain or the presence of a biloma on imaging. The incidence, severity, timing, location, and treatment of the bile leaks were recorded. The risk factors for bile leakage were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS

The incidence of bile leak was 16.7% (20/120), and most cases were grade A (75%, 15/20) according to the International Study Group of Liver Surgery classification. The median time of onset was 5 d (range, 1-14 d), and the median duration was 7 d (range, 2-28 d). The most common location of bile leakage was the cut surface of the liver (70%, 14/20), followed by the anastomosis site (25%, 5/20) and the cystic duct stump (5%, 1/20). Most bile leaks were treated conservatively with drainage, antibiotics, and nutritional support (85%, 17/20), whereas some required endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting (10%, 2/20) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with drainage (5%, 1/20). Risk factors for bile leakage include male sex, hepatocellular carcinoma, major hepatectomy, blood loss, and blood transfusion.

CONCLUSION

Bile leakage is a frequent complication of open hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer. However, most cases are mild and can be conservatively managed. Male sex, hepatocellular carcinoma, major hepatectomy, blood loss, and blood transfusion were associated with an increased risk of bile leak.
Clinical observation of gastrointestinal function recovery in patients after hepatobiliary surgery
Authors: Zeng Hua-Jun , Liu Jing-Jing , Yang Ying-Chun
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

The liver is an important metabolic and digestive organ in the human body, capable of producing bile, clotting factors, and vitamins.

AIM

To investigate the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients after hepatobiliary surgery and identify effective rehabilitation measures.

METHODS

A total of 200 patients who underwent hepatobiliary surgery in our hospital in 2022 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into a control group and a study group based on the extent of the surgery, with 100 patients in each group. The control group received routine treatment, while the study group received targeted interventions, including early enteral nutrition support, drinking water before gas discharge, and large bowel enema, to promote postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery. The recovery of gastrointestinal function was compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

Compared with the control group, patients in the study group had better recovery of bowel sounds and less accumulation of fluids in the liver bed and gallbladder fossa (P < 0.05). They also had shorter time to gas discharge and first meal (P < 0.05), higher overall effective rate of gastrointestinal function recovery (P < 0.05), and lower incidence of postoperative complications (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Targeted nursing interventions (early nutritional support, drinking water before gas discharge, and enema) can effectively promote gastrointestinal function recovery in patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery and reduce the incidence of complications, which is worthy of promotion.
Efficacy of fumigant compounds from essential oil of feverfew (Chrysanthemum parthenium L.) against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Mots.): Fumigant toxicity test and in-silico study
Authors: Beshah Tessema Fekade , Mulu Belachew Aweke , Hunde Gonfa Yilma , Belayneh Asfaw Tilahun , Gizachew Admassie Zelalem , Bachheti Archana , Kumar Bachheti Rakesh , Getachew Tadesse Mesfin
Published: January 2024

Post-harvest insects are among the significant problems in the agricultural sector. The most accessible tools available for managing post-harvest arthropod-pests are fumigants because of the convenience of their applications and fast action in disinfecting. This study aimed to examine the fumigant toxicity of essential oil (EO) against maize weevil and identify the specific fumigants among the major components. The EO was extracted from aerial part of Chrysanthemum parthenium L. using Clevenger apparatus and was tested for fumigant toxicity. GC-MS was used to determine the chemical composition of EO. The major components were identified and screened virtually using Auto dock vina 1.2. in PyRx 0.8 platform. Dm AChE PDB ID: 6XYY was used as a target for molecular docking and malathion and pirimiphusmethyl were used as a reference for comparison. From the results of binding affinities, most of the major EO components showed better fumigant activity than the reference fumigants. More specifically 1,6-dioxaspiro[4,4]non-ene, b-farensen, bornyl-tiglate, g-terpinene, p-cymene, bornyl-acetate, bornyl-isovalerate, terpinen-4-ol, trans-chrysanthenyl-acetate and a-phellandrene were found to be effective fumigants against maize weevil. The above findings suggest that the EO of the aerial part of C. parthenium can be a potential candidate for the development of novel natural fumigants for stored products.

KEY WORDS: Essential oil, Fumigants, Insecticides, Binding affinity, Maize weevil

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 457-472.                                                              

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.13
New Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) mixed-ligand complexes: stractural, DFT, biological, and molecular docking studies
Authors: M. Abd El-Lateef Hany , M. Ali Ali , M. Khalaf Mai , Abdou Aly
Published: January 2024

The primary objective of the current framework was to synthesize novel mononuclear 1:1:1 complexes involving FeLG, CoLG, NiLG, CuLG, and ZnLG, where the ligand (L) is identified as 4-[(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono]methylphenyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonate, and glycine (G) serves as the co-ligand. Comprehensive characterization of the investigated complexes was achieved through various analytical techniques, including FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar conductivity assessments, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The determination of stoichiometry was performed employing the molar ratio technique, revealing the octahedral geometry inherent in the isolated metal complexes. Employing a density functional theory (DFT) approach, the molecular structures of the designated compounds were theoretically elevated, and quantum chemical descriptors were derived to provide a deeper insight into their electronic properties. Furthermore, the inhibitory potential of these compounds against fungal strains and pathogenic bacteria prevalent in the Arab environment was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, emphasizing their role in combating diseases affecting humans, animals, and plants. Notably, the metal complexes exhibited superior antibacterial activity, as evidenced by a higher activity index. Molecular docking investigations were conducted to ascertain the inhibitory effects of the compounds on the 1FJ4 protein, with ZnLG emerging as the compound with the highest binding affinity. These results suggest the promising candidacy of these compounds as antimicrobial agents, particularly in the context of combating bacterial and fungal infections.

KEY WORDS: Complexes, Antimicrobial, DFT, Schiff base, Molecular docking

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(2), 397-416.                                                              

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i2.9
Comparison of centrifugation and solid phase extraction (SPE) methods of sample preparations in determination of residues of drugs of abuse in urine
Authors: Mahugija John AM , Wandwi Anastazia , Kilulya Kessy
Published: January 2024

Detection of drugs of abuse in urine samples depends on their composition, absorption,distribution, physical and chemical properties, concentrations, elimination properties, and thetechniques employed. This study compared the performance of centrifugation and solid phaseextraction (SPE) methods in the determination of levels of drugs of abuse and their metabolites inurine samples collected from drug abusers. Analysis was performed using liquid chromatographytandemmass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Calibration was done using both internal and externalstandards. The recovery values were generally greater in centrifugation method than in SPEmethod, but the recoveries in both methods were within an acceptable range. Linearity values (R2)ranged from 0.9789 to 0.9944 with an average of 0.99. The LOD and LOQ values weresatisfactory. The concentrations of 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), morphine and cocaine wereup to 3.37, 4.21 and 0.03 μg/mL, respectively in samples prepared by centrifugation method, whilein samples prepared by SPE method were up to 6.67, 6.66 and 0.13 μg/mL, respectively. The meanconcentrations and detection frequencies of 6-MAM and morphine were higher in samplesprepared by centrifugation method than those of SPE method. Cocaine had the same meanconcentrations and detection frequencies in samples prepared by both methods. There were nosignificant differences in the concentrations of the drugs of abuse between the samples prepared bycentrifugation and SPE methods, although the levels of the drugs in the samples prepared bycentrifugation method were slightly greater than those prepared by SPE method.
Anti-diarrhoeal Effects of Aqueous Extract of Vitex doniana Stem Bark in Castor Oil-induced Wistar Rats
Authors: Amuzat Aliyu , Ndatsu Yakubu , Adisa Mohammed , Sulaiman Rukayyat , Mohammed Hadiza , Yusuf Abubakar , Ndayako Hauwa
Published: January 2024

Vitex doniana is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea-related disorders. In the present study, aqueous extract of Vitex doniana stem back was evaluated for anti-diarrhoeal effects. Thirty albino rats of average weight 124 ± 4.35 g were distributed into five groups. Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were orally administered 2 mL of normal saline, 2.5 mg/kg bodyweight (bw) loperamide, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg bodyweight of aqueous extract of V. doniana stem back, respectively. The extract was evaluated using feacal characteristics, gastrointestinal motility and enteropooling test. Results for phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, cardiac glycosides, phenols, steroids and saponins. Aqueous extract of Vitex doniana stem bark significantly (p < 0.05) reduced total stool frequency (TSF). 100 mg/kg bw of the extract had the least TSF (4.80 ± 1.64) when compared with the reference drug (5.75 ± 2.98). 100 mg/kg bw and 400 mg/kg bw showed higher percentage inhibition of defecation than the standard drug. The extract also exhibited inhibition of wet stooling and intestinal secretion. It possesses anti-diarrhoeal effects and thus could be a potential source of new drug for the treatment of diarrhoea.

Keywords: Diarrhoea; enteropooling gastrointestinal motility; phytochemicals; Vitex doniana
Cashew Plant-Mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of their Applications as Antimicrobial Additive for Consumer Care Products
Authors: Adelere Isiaka , Aboyeji David , Akindurodoye Felicia , Adabara Nasiru , Babayi Hausatu
Published: January 2024

This study reports the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extractobtained from Anacardium occidentale stem bark and evaluation of their antibacterial activities aswell as their potential applications as antimicrobial additives for detergent and toothpaste. Thebiosynthesized AgNPs were analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particles were dark brown incolour with maximum absorbance at wavelength 419 nm. They were mainly spherical in shapewith size ranges from 20 to 60 nm. The peaks of FTIR spectrum revealed that their formation wasfacilitated by protein molecules present in the extract. The AgNPs exhibited strong antibacterialproperty against pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonasaeruginosa. Furthermore, the incorporation of the AgNPs into a locally-made liquid detergent andtoothpaste led to complete inhibition of bacterial and fungal contaminants such as S. aureus, E.coli, P. aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. The results obtained herein thereforesuggest potential applications of the AgNPs in biomedical area and as antimicrobial additives inthe production of consumer care products like detergents and toothpastes. To the best of ourknowledge, this is the first reference to the use of biosynthesized AgNPs as antimicrobial additivesfor detergents and toothpastes.

Keywords: Anacardium occidentale; Silver nanoparticles; Biosynthesis; Antimicrobial activity;Antimicrobial additive.
A service for teaching medical decision-making using an ophthalmoscopy hardware and software simulator
Authors: Bakutkin V. V. , Bakutkin I. V.
Published: January 2024

Modern methods of teaching medical skills involve their development on simulation equipment. The further development of such devices, in addition to the maximum identity of a living person, is the creation of intelligent services for an objective and individual approach to a particular student. A service for teaching medical decision-making using a hardwaresoftware ophthalmoscopy simulator has been developed. The service for ophthalmoscopy training performs the functions of entering the student’s identification data, lecture material in the form of presentations, studying descriptions and images of various eye diseases on an additional monitor, illustrative material for the formation of an individual training program. The testing service is designed to test the knowledge and diagnostic skills acquired during training. The exam consists in the creation by the teacher of a set of clinical cases with a gradation of typical cases, complex cases and comorbidities for diagnosis by the examinee. It is possible to determine the time and accuracy of diagnostics. Based on the results of the exam, a reporting form is generated, which is stored in the archive. The service can work remotely using Internet channels.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an important component of health-saving education at school
Authors: Grunina S. , Drozdetskaya A. , Zakieva M. , Kozlova P. , Kuragina M. , Sigaeva M. , Chernigova M. , Shabalina Darya
Published: January 2024

On May 15 and 18, 2023, as part of the large-scale project "Start the Heart", master classes on cardiopulmonary resuscitation were held in Nizhny Novgorod schools, supported by the Russian Society for Simulation Training in Medicine, ROSOMED. In the process of developing and preparing the master class program, HSE first-year students of the International Baccalaureate in Business and Economics took a course on conducting a basic volume of resuscitation within the walls of the Privolzhsky Research Medical University (PRMU) for further training of schoolchildren in this skill. This publication analyzes the responses of more than 207 respondents, of whom about 100 are schoolchildren who took a direct part in the training, and the rest are first-year students of various universities interested in this project. As a result, the effectiveness of teaching for schoolchildren was analyzed, and an expanded program will be launched in the future.
Integration of digital services in the work of accreditation and simulation center of medical educational organization: experience, problems and prospects
Authors: Potapov M. Р. , Pavlov A. V. , Akkuratov E. G. , Kostrov S. A.
Published: January 2024

The experience of using universal digital services in the accreditation and simulation center of Yaroslavl State Medical University for the period from 2016 to 2023 was studied. More than 1,000 specialists are trained at the center per year. Over the entire period, 4,684 people underwent the accreditation procedure. The introduction of simulation technologies into medical education requires a high level of automation and digitalization of basic processes. Implemented tools and services of a modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment, a designer of online courses and training simulators, an electronic schedule, cloud technologies and online services, including those based on artificial intelligence. This allowed the training center to provide effective management both within the current educational process and during periods of peak load during the accreditation procedure for specialists.
A CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF ASANATWAK LEPA IN
AHIPUTANA W.S.R TO NAPKIN RASHA
Authors: G Halalli Ramesh , Pai B Narayana , Chowta Jithesh
Published: January 2024

Ahiputana is a Kapha Rakta predominant disorder mentioned in Ayurvedic classics; it is one of the most com-mon skin diseases during Infancy and Toddler, usually starts within the age of 3rd to 12th week and peaks its in-cidence in the age of 6th to 12th month, up to the age of 5years1, which could be compared with “Napkin Rash” of contemporary science. It is caused by several factors, including warmth, excessive waterlogging of the local skin from stools and urine, and increased perspiration with sweat retention. It is said to be a sort of reaction to ammonia formed in the voided urine. The rash may be a mild erythematous reaction covering the perineal re-gion, buttocks and genitalia. In others, it may be severe with papulovesicular lesions and ulcers2. Many drugs are used for internal administration and external application, and prevention measures have been described in detail in Ayurveda Samhithas and modern science to overcome Ahiputana/Napkin Rash. So, a remedy which would be easy to follow, efficacious, cost-effective and free from all the side effects was adopted. Asanatwak lepa3 is mentioned in Astanga Hrudaya, where the bark of Asana is used to prepare lepa, which has Kaphagh-na, Pittaghna, Vranaropaka, Kledaghna and Raktashodhaka properties. Hence, it is indicated in the treatment of Ahiputana. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the clinical evaluation of Asanatwak lepa in Ahiputana w.s.r. to Napkin Rash. The sample size was a minimum of 30 subjects, fulfilling the diagnostic and inclusion criteria selected. Trial drug treatment, i.e. application of Asanatwak lepa, was given to the children—duration-7 days with Follow-up on the 10th & 14th day after treatment. Results obtained after the clinical trial were ana-lysed statistically & all the observations were subjected to creative discussions. The final results showed that after seven days of the treatment, complete cure was observed in 24 (80%) children & there was marked im-provement in 6 (20%) children.
SCOPE OF AYURVEDA IN PREVENTIVE ASPECTS OF NETRA ROGAS
Authors: Priyanka Malae , Ramadevi Ch , Anasuya K
Published: January 2024

Acharyas says that “Sarvendriyaanam Nayanam Pradhanam” among all the sense organs, the eyes are the most important. The eyes help us visualize objects and also help us with light, colour and depth perception. Eyes pro-vide us with direction and guide most of our actions. Factors like too much screen time, nutritional deficiency, not getting enough sleep, not wearing sunglasses, staying dehydrated, rubbing your eyes, drinking, and smoking affect vision. One out of every three people in India is blind. Over 15million people are blind in India. The lead-ing causes of vision impairment and blindness are refractive errors, cataracts, ARMD, glaucoma, diabetic reti-nopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, and retinal detachments. Vision impairment severely impacts the quality of life in all age groups. Young and school-going children experience lower levels of educational achievement, while adults have lower employment rates. In the case of older, visual impairment can contribute to social isola-tion, difficulty in walking, and a high risk of falls and fractures. To prevent all these effects, Ayurveda is the on-ly choice. The primary aim of Ayurveda is the prevention of disease and the promotion of positive health. Ac-cording to Ayurveda, to maintain a healthy and disease-free life, one should follow a dinacharya. So, the purpose of this article is to enlighten the scope of Ayurveda in the prevention of Netra rogas explained, especially in the form of dinacharya related to netra, pasta and apathy Sahara and vihara, eye exercise, rasayana therapy and the importance of virechana in neutral rogas.
MODERNISM OF AYURVEDA
Authors: Dubey Suyash
Published: January 2024

The ancient Indian medical system of Ayurveda is examined in this research paper along with the idea of
modernism. Ayurveda has a long tradition and has been used for more than 5000 years but in the current era, it has
undergone considerable adjustments to make it more applicable and available to modern culture. The paper
discusses linking Ayurveda with the modern efforts of strengthening the medical system as well as the present
situation of Ayurveda in the world and the upcoming opportunities waiting for it. The implications of combining
modern science and technology with the oldest form of medicine are examined in the study, including the
incorporation of contemporary scientific research, the adoption of new technologies, and the creation of novel
therapeutic approaches. Additionally, the study looks at the difficulties and objections Ayurveda has encountered in
its attempts to modernize, including the conflict between tradition and innovation, the requirement for
standardization and regulation, and the objection to cultural appropriation.
The paper starts by talking about the History of Ayurveda followed by going through the way of its achievements.
It also flashes light on the current scenario and its futuristic goals. The paper also talks about the Hurdles that could
be faced by Ayurveda in the near future in terms of its growth among the common people before coming to an
important Conclusion.
LITERARY REVIEW OF UDAVARTINI YONIVYAPADA
Authors: Chavan Pallavi K. , Rawal P.K. , Shirguppi Sunita , Mulla Sanam
Published: January 2024

A healthy woman is a promise of a healthy family during different stages of her life, from puberty to menopause;
the theory of healthy yoni has been mentioned in Ayurveda and modern science. In Ayurveda, women's healthcare
is linked to a separate section, where the term Yonivyapada includes the majority of gynaecological disorders.
Dysmenorrhea can be correlated with Udavartini Yonivyapada in Ayurveda. The main clinical characteristic of
Udavartini is 'rajah Krichratha’(painful menstruation). Therefore, this study has attempted to conduct a conceptual study that covers almost all aspects of Udavartini Yonivyapada so that early diagnosis and treatment can be
given.