bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview on Capital Investment
Authors: Mathew Sibi
Published: April 2024

This review examines the quality of capital investment. It explores the essential components and analysis involved in financially assessing an engineering project, including an assessment of various associated risks. Additionally, the review delves into the historical progression of current capital budgeting practices and surveys academic research in the field. The evaluation of investments has been a recognized challenge for the past thirty years, but it has recently gained renewed attention from both management and scholars. Investments constitute a significant and growing portion of organizations’ capital expenditures. However, assessing the impact of investments on pursued goals is challenging. Consequently, there is a strong demand for methods and techniques that can aid in evaluating investments during the proposal stage. This paper explores several investment strategies and Examines the criteria for investment.
Analysis of Ecosystemic Cultural Services as Factors in Urban Landscape Management
Authors: de la Fuente Arana Ander
Published: April 2024

Ecosystemic services are those that provide material or immaterial benefits to the inhabitants of a landscape from its water, food, medicines and raw materials. They are classified into four types: provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural. The latter can be defined as those non-material benefits that humans obtain through ecosystems. They include educational value, cultural diversity, sources of inspiration, spirituality and religious values, aesthetic value, social relations, rootedness or belonging, cultural heritage, recreational and ecotourism services, and scientific knowledge, among others. Characterising such diverse factors requires a systematisation in study facets for their management. We propose three: memory, image and socio-system, as differentiated spheres of approach to the urban landscape. The memory facet would include the ecosystemic services of belonging, cultural heritage and, in certain themes, cultural diversity, sources of inspiration and religious values. The image facet includes the aesthetic value and perceptual aspects of ecotourism. In the socio-system we would study the educational value, scientific knowledge and recreational or spirituality services, reflected in the endowments; but also social relations, rootedness and another vision of ecotourism.
CH4 Adsorption in Wet Metal-Organic Frameworks Under Gas Hydrate Formation Conditions Using Large Reactor
Authors: Pandey Jyoti Shanker , Öncü Nehir , Von Solms Nicolas
Published: April 2024

Nanoporous materials, such as Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), are renowned for their high selectivity as gas adsorbents due to their specific surface area, nanoporosity, and active surface chemistry. A significant challenge for their widespread application is their behavior and reduced gas uptake in wet conditions, attributed to competitive adsorption between gas and water. The current understanding of gas adsorption in wet materials is constrained by studies that utilize only small amounts of powdered porous materials (in the milligram range) within very small reactors (1-5 mL). This leaves a significant gap in knowledge about gas adsorption behaviors in larger reactors and when MOF sample sizes are increased (to the gram scale) for scaling up the process. Additionally, there is a notable dearth of experimental research in situations where MOFs are heavily saturated with water. To address these gaps, this study measures CH4 adsorption in MOFs under conditions of high moisture content, using larger samples of MOFs (in grams) and a large volume reactor. We selected commercially available MOFs, including HKUST-1, ZIF-8, MOF-303, and activated carbon. A high-pressure isotherms (at T = 274.15 K) using volumetric approach were measured to qualitatively compare the moles of gas adsorbed under both dry and wet conditions across different MOFs and weights. Experimental results show that the presence of water led to a decrease in total CH4 mmol adsorption in MOFs, with a more significant decrease observed in hydrophilic MOFs compared to hydrophobic ones. For hydrophilic MOFs, presence of crossover isotherms at crossover pressure provided evidence of water's conversion to hydrate and its positive role in enhancing total gas uptake, which varied among different hydrophilic MOFs. Oversaturated MOFs showed a larger deviation between dry and wet cases at higher pressures. The high-pressure isotherm data confirm the positive role of hydrophilic MOFs in the conversion of water to hydrate in oversaturated MOFs when MOFs sample size is large.
Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor (UTROSCT): A Rare Polyphenotypic Neoplasm
Authors: Giordano Giovanna , Guareschi Debora , Thai Elena
Published: April 2024

Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Stromal Tumor (UTROSCT) is a rare uterine mesenchymal neoplasm, which resembles ovarian sex cord tumors of the ovary. Although, in general, UTROSCT exhibits benign behavior with a favorable prognosis, this neoplasm is nonetheless classified as being of an uncertain ma-lignant potential, given its low rate of recurrence and the fact that it rarely pro-duces metastases (lymph nodes, epiploic appendix, omentum, small bowel, subcutaneous, lungs). Its histogenesis too is uncertain. Typically, UTROSCT oc-curs in peri-menopausal or menopausal women but can sometimes be observed in young women. Usually, this neoplasm can be found in the uterine corpus as a nodular intramural lesion, less frequently submucosal, subserosal or poly-poid/intracavitary. UTROSCT can cause abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, enlarged uterus, mass sensation, but sometimes it is found purely by chance. This neo-plasm can be considered polyphenotypic on morphological, immunohistochem-ical, and genetic analyses. Generally, on microscopic examination, UTROSCT shows a predominant pattern of the cords, nests, and trabeculae typical of sex cord tumors of the ovary while, immunohistochemically, it is characterized by a co-expression of epithelial, smooth muscle, and sex cord markers. The aim of this review is to report clinical and pathological data and genetic alterations to estab-lish its impact on the prognosis and management of patients affected by this rare entity.
An Analogical JV Case Study on NUMMI
Authors: Magdy Kamal Andrew
Published: April 2024

NUMMI was one of the most analyzed case studies in terms of joint ventures, management dysfunction, and international globalization. NUMMI is an acronym for New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. This manufacturer was a joint venture between automotive US titan GM and Toyota of Japan. GM wanted to further monetize its Fremont factory, but also had limited opportunities during a US economical recession. Toyota wanted to expand manufacturing operations in the US for the very first time, creating an intriguing collaborative partnership between the two. However, various problems lead to dysfunction through cultural, organizational, or managerial differences. This case study is analyzed through its historical analogical scope, ultimately leading to hypothesizing remediation through an ethical data-driven and total quality management (TQM) approach.
Young People’s responses to the Population Wide Act-Belong-Commit Mental Health Promotion Campaign: Implications for Youth Mental Health Interventions
Authors: Donovan Robert J , Drane Catherine F. , Miller Darci , Anwar-McHenry Julia , Nicholas Amberlee , Jalleh Geoffrey
Published: April 2024

This paper reports data from three sources showing young people’s positive responses to the population-wide Act-Belong-Commit mental health promotion campaign: (i) impact on 14-25 year old participants in a peer-educator workshop program; (ii) impact on 11-14 year old student participants in an adaptation of the campaign in secondary schools (the ‘Mentally Healthy Schools Framework’); and (iii) impact of the population wide media-based campaign on 18-24 and 25-34 year olds in the general population (versus those 35+ years). Overall, these findings support the conclusion that mental health promotion interventions can be based on underlying constructs relevant across the lifespan and then tailored for specific ages and settings rather than requiring the development of separate, distinct programs based on different constructs for younger age groups.
Managing Patients with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases on Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy in a COVID-19 Endemic World: A Narrative Review and Expert Insights
Authors: Kong Kok Ooi , Rattanaumpawan Pinyo , Tuan Nguyen Chau , Ngoc Cao Thanh , Chen Yee-Chun , Al Marzooqi Ahlam
Published: April 2024

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, individuals with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, face a heightened risk of infection and severe outcomes due to immunological alterations resulting from their underlying conditions and immunosuppressive treatments. Even as the pandemic has transitioned to an endemic state, it remains crucial to recognize that these patients continue to be at risk. In this narrative review, we analyzed existing literature to explore the impact of IMIDs, clinical risk factors, and the influence of immunosuppressive therapies on COVID-19-related risks and outcomes. Notably, certain disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), like rituximab, are associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes, and rituximab-treated patients show impaired immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, we outline the diverse effects of glucocorticoids on COVID-19 outcomes and management. To highlight real-life challenges faced by clinicians caring for patients with IMIDs, we present an illustrative scenario that underscores the importance of effective vaccination, timely boosting, and additional mitigation strategies against COVID-19. Given the clinical heterogeneity and diverse disease states within IMIDs, it is crucial to understand the ongoing implications and risks associated with COVID-19 in these patients, to guide the implementation of appropriate measures and optimize care and outcomes in the current endemic era.
Preparation and hydration properties of sodium silicate-activated municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash composite slag cementitious materials
Authors: Deng Juan , Wu Guoxiong , Xia Yuchao , Liu Li
Published: April 2024

The production of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) is very massive and has the potential to replace cement despite the problems of complex composition, uneven particle size distribution, and low reactivity. This paper adopts sodium silicate activation of MSWIBA-slag to improve the reactivity to prepare composite cementitious materials. It explores the hydration performance study of the composite cementitious materials by isothermal calorimetric analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, XRD physical diffraction analysis, and SEM/EDS tests. SEM/EDS tests will be used to explore the hydration properties of the composite gelling. The results showed that with the increase of MSWIBA doping, the porosity between the materials increased, the degree of Hydration decreased, and the compressive strength decreased with the rise of MSWIBA. When sodium silicate increased from 25% to 35%, too much alkaline material occurred over the alkaline effect, which inhibited the Hydration of the particles, and the degree of hydration reaction decreased, and the compressive strength decreased accordingly; the exothermic process of Hydration can be mainly divided into five stages, quartz and calcite did not participate in the hydration reaction completely, and sexual aluminum participated in the hydration reaction. The vibrational peaks of Si-O-Ti (T = Si and Al) were present in the material. The vibrational peaks of XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS all indicate the presence of silica-aluminate network structures in the hydration products, mainly N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels.
Aluminium-Silicon Lightweight Thermal Management Alloys with Controlled Thermal Expansion
Authors: Lewis Peter , Tarrant Andrew , Frehn Andreas , Grensing Frtiz , Nicholson James , Farrah Nick , Acreman Martyn
Published: April 2024

With the ever-growing emphasis on global decarbonization and rapid increases in the power density of electronics equipment in recent years, new methods and lightweight materials have been developed to manage heat load as well as interfacial stresses associated with Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) mismatch between components. The Al-Si system provides an attractive combination of CTE performance and high thermal conductivity whilst being a very lightweight option. Such materials are of interest to industries where thermal management is a key design criterion, such as aerospace, automotive, consumer electronics, defense, EV and space. This paper will describe the development and manufacture of a family of high-performance hypereutectic Al-Si alloys (AyontEX™) by a powder metallurgy method. These alloys are of particular interest for structural heat sink applications that require high reliability under thermal cycling (CTE of 17μm/(m·°C)) as well as reflective optics and instrument assemblies that require good thermal and mechanical stability (CTE of 13μm/(m·°C)). Critical performance relationships are presented, coupled with the microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of these Al-Si alloys.
Harnessing the Power of Algorithmic HRM and HR Strategic Decision Making for Achieving the Organizational Success: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Alabdali Mahmoud Abdulhadi , Khan Sami A. , Alshahrani Mohammed Awad
Published: April 2024

This study examines the role of using algorithmic HRM to make strategic decisions pertaining to HR activities in organizations. The study develops a scale to measure algorithmic HRM usage in its first phase, and in the second phase, it finds that algorithmic HRM having significant impact on the strategic HR decision making that helps and enables organization in creating the competitive advantage. Utilizing the author’s LinkedIn profile, 234 final participants considered for this research. Collected data analyzed by applying PLS SEM. It evaluates the mediation role of the HR strategic decision making, and the HR digital maturity as a moderator in seeing the impact of algorithmic HRM on the competitive advantage of the firm. The study finds a strong relationship between the algorithmic HRM usage and competitive advantage, a significant relationship between algorithmic HRM usage and the strategic HR decision making, and lastly, a significant relationship between strategic HR decision making and the competitive advantage. The moderating role of HR digital maturity was found to be insignificant in this research which paves the way for further research. This research, the model, and its findings contribute to the theory and implicate the practicality of algorithmic HRM. It's one of few papers that address the algorithmic HRM usage in the transitioning economy like Saudi Arabia.
Low Number of Baselines γδ T Cells Increase the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Post-Vaccination Infection
Authors: Andreu-Ballester Juan Carlos , Galindo-Regal Lorena , Cuellar Carmen , López-Chuliá Francisca , García-Ballesteros Carlos , Fernández-Muga Leonor , Llombart-Cussac Antonio , Domínguez-Márquez María Victoria
Published: April 2024

Background: The effectiveness of the anti-COVID-19 vaccine remains a matter to be clarified.
Methods: The humoral and cellular immunity after the administration of three doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech and Oxford AstraZeneca vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 over one year and the appearance of post-vaccination COVID-19 have been studied.
Results: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA antibodies showed a progressive increase throughout the vaccination period. This increase was greatest after the third dose. The highest levels were observed in subjects who had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies prior to vaccination. There was an increase in CD4+ αβ, CD8+ γδ and TEM CD8+ γδ T cells, and a decrease in apoptosis in CD4+CD8+ and CD56+ αβ and γδ T cells. Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection was greater than 60%. The symptoms of COVID-19 were very mild and were related to γδ T cell deficit, specifically CD8+ TEMRA and CD56+ γδ TEM, as well as lower pre-vaccine apoptosis levels.
Conclusions: Those results demonstrate the important role that γδ T cells play in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunization.
3-Dimensional Soft Tissue Analysis (3DSTA) of Subcrestally Placed Implants: Relating Biologic Stability with Morphologic Achievements.
Authors: Chiyun Won
Published: April 2024

Objectives (Purpose) This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of the Subcrestally Placed Implant (SPI) technique in single molar cases, focusing on biological stability and aesthetics. It proposes a schematic model to elucidate the interplay between the biological stability of soft tissues and bone around the SPI and the morphological requisites that Implant Abutment Prostheses (IAP) must fulfill to effectively replace natural teeth. Materials and methods I examined 20 cases using the SPI technique with Internal Platform Switching (IPS) design implants for single molar replacements to assess their stability. Routine check-ups utilized plain panoramic X-rays to measure changes in crestal bone on the mesial and distal sides. Additionally, 10 cases with CBCT X-rays taken more than one year after the initial surgery underwent a novel 3-dimensional soft tissue analysis (3DSTA). Measurements included placement depths (PD), soft tissue thickness (STT) at central (cPD, cSTT) and peripheral areas (pPD, pSTT), the length of the Transitional Zone (TZ) on mesial, distal, facial, and lingual aspects, and crestal bone thickness (CBT) at buccal and lingual sites. Results Panoramic analyses showed minimal changes in crestal bone (mean changes of pPD were less than 0.1 mm) over an average period of 3.3 years. Average measurements were as follows: cPD was 1.7 mm, pPD was 2.7 mm, cSTT was 0.2 mm, pSTT was 0.6 mm, TZ length was 3.8 mm, buccal CBT was 3.0 mm, and lingual CBT was 3.7 mm. Conclusions CBCT analyses of the topographical relationships between soft tissue and crestal bone with IAP for SPIs demonstrated stable results over an average 3-year period. The consistency in the relationship between crestal bone and surrounding soft tissue can be ascribed to biological structural integrity. The study classified peri-implant soft tissues into subcrestal and supracrestal (transitional zone – TZ) segments, exploring their characteristics through dimensional measurements and assessing mechanical resistance. Further histological study is needed to identify specific features of each segment.
Electronic Heart (ECG) Monitoring at Birth and Newborn Resuscitation
Authors: Mende Sarah , Ahmed Syed , DeShea Lise , Szyld Edgardo , Shah Birju A.
Published: April 2024

Neonatal electronic cardiac monitoring in labor and delivery room (DR-ECG) is shown to be sustained at a tertiary care regional perinatal center despite COVID-19 and other complex organizational challenges. In this contemporary cohort, initial increase in chest compressions at birth associated with the introduction of DR-ECG monitoring was mitigated by focused educational interventions on effective ventilation with no difference in neonatal mortality. DR-ECG may help our understanding of human and system factors, identify potential better practices for optimal resuscitation team performance and assess impact of targeted training initiatives on clinical outcomes.
Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Myopathy and Thromboembolism: The Additive Value of Echocardiography and Possible New Horizons for Risk Stratification
Authors: Campora Alessandro , Lisi Matteo , Pastore Maria Concetta , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Ferrari Chen Yu Fu , Pasquini Annalisa , Rubboli Andrea , Henein Michael , Cameli Matteo
Published: April 2024

This article explores the emerging concept of atrial myopathy (AM) and its potential role as a risk factor for stroke and dementia, both independently and in association with atrial fibrillation (AF). AM refers to structural and functional abnormalities of the atria, potentially causing blood clots formation and their subsequent embolization even in patients without AF. Echocardiography, particularly Left Atrial (LA) strain analysis, is a promising non-invasive tool for AM evaluation and might offer additional risk stratification beyond the established CHADS2-VASc score, potentially impacting anticoagulation decisions. By understanding AM and utilizing advanced imaging techniques like LA strain, clinicians can achieve a more comprehensive understanding of thromboembolic risk in specific patient groups. Integrating LA strain analysis into routine clinical practice holds promise for improved patient management and targeted therapies, allowing for better risk stratification in AF patients. However, standardized definitions and diagnostic criteria for AM are essential for consistent evaluation and research. Further studies are needed to explore the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation in AM patients without AF.
Overall Survival and Prognostic Factors in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: an NCDB Analysis
Authors: Kesireddy Meghana , Elsayed Lina , Shostrom Valerie K , Agarwal Priyal , Asif Samia , Yellala Amulya , Krishnamurthy Jairam
Published: April 2024

Background: Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive with a poor median overall survival (OS), ranging from 8 to 13 months. There exists considerable heterogeneity in the survival at the individual patient level. To better understand the survival heterogeneity and improve risk stratification, our study aims to identify the factors influencing survival utilizing a large patient sample in the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Methods: Women diagnosed with metastatic TNBC from 2010 to 2020 in the NCDB were included. Demographic, clinic-pathological, treatment data, and overall survival (OS) outcomes were collected. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate OS. The log-rank test was used to identify OS differences between groups for each variable in the univariate analysis. For the multivariate analysis, the Cox proportional hazard model with backward elimination was used to identify factors affecting OS. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals are presented.

Results: 2,273 women had a median overall survival of 13.6 months. Factors associated with statistically significantly worse OS included older age, higher comorbidity scores, specific histologies, higher number of metastatic sites, presence of liver or other site metastases in those with only one metastatic site (excluding brain metastases), presence of cranial and extra-cranial metastases, lack of chemotherapy, lack of immunotherapy, lack of surgery to distant sites, lack of radiation to distant sites, and receipt of palliative treatment to alleviate symptoms. In the multivariate analysis, comorbidity score, histology, number of metastatic sites, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy had a statistically significant effect on the OS.

Conclusions: Through NCDB analysis, we have identified prognostic factors for metastatic TNBC. These findings will help improve prognostication at diagnosis, optimize treatment strategies, and facilitate patient stratification in future clinical trials.
Nonlinear Lateral Stability of 4-Axle Freight Car with the Y25 Bogies and the Measures to Improve Its Faults
Authors: Dusza Miroslaw , Golofit-Stawinska Milena , Zboinski Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

The article presents investigations of rail vehicle bogie of Y25 type. The Y25 bogie family is one of the most commonly used freight car bogie designs. In addition to several significant advantages characterising this design, it also has several disadvantages observed since the beginning of more than fifty years of operation in several types of cargo vehicles. One of these defects observed in real systems is "unsatisfactory running stability", particularly at long straight tracks. The article used commercial engineering software VI-Rail to create a model of the gondola car (type 412W Eaos) with two Y25 bogies. The car model was tested empty and loaded (maximum permissible load). Motion along straight and curved tracks with different radii values was analysed. The vehicle velocity was changed from a few m/s to the maximum values for which stable solutions of the model existed. For each route, a non-linear critical velocity was determined, defining the maximum operating velocity of the modelled car. The model solutions were recorded, while just one was selected to present the results - the first wheelset lateral displacement ylw. The opinion about the "imperfect running quality" in curved tracks was confirmed. The possible appearance of self-exciting wheelset vibrations in the modelled car's operating velocity range in the laden state was also observed. The research results on the impact of the bogie suspension parameters change on the vehicle model stability are presented. The crucial parameter in the bogie suspension was indicated. Reducing its value by several percent about the nominal value increases the critical velocity of the car to values higher than the maximum operating velocity of the modelled vehicle.
Association between the Use of Macrolides in Food-Producing Animals and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Macrolide Resistance: A Global Ecological Analysis
Authors: Kenyon Chris
Published: April 2024

In the current study we test the hypothesis that the consumption of macrolides in food-animals is positively associated with the prevalence of macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae at a country-level. The prevalence of M. pneumoniae macrolide resistance was positively associated with the consumption of macrolides for both food animals (Rho = 0.66; P=0.007) and humans (Rho = 0.54; P=0.040). Linear regression analysis revealed that macrolide consumption in food animals but not humans was borderline significantly associated with macrolide resistance (coef. 5547 [95% CI -596-11691] and coef. 0.006 [95% CI -0.008-0.020], respectively).
A Theory about Universal State Change
Authors: Greer Kieran
Published: April 2024

This paper describes an entropy equation that can be used for measuring energy. It originated from measuring economy in AI models, where the assumption would be that any organic system makes use of energy efficiency to form its structures. Looking at clustering and cohesion resulted in the equation E = (mean * variance). It was apparent however, that it was a very generic type of equation and it could be adjusted so that distance represents mean. This new version was applied to the domain of physics and the universe, when the equation can support the idea that work is done through the energy released by the 'change' in entropy. A comparison with Einstein's relativity equation is made and also the audacious suggestion that a black hole has only potential energy inside, which converts to kinetic energy after a Big Bang, for example. From that suggestion, a universal theory about state change can be made.
Preparation and Properties of a Novel Nylon 6 Co-polymerized by ε-Caprolactam and α-Amino-ε-Caprolactam
Authors: Mao Xiaoyu , Liu Wei , Mei Shan , Li Zeyang , Zong Baoning
Published: April 2024

In this study, we successfully synthesized a novel branched polyamide 6 with ε-caprolactam(CPL) and α-Amino-ε-caprolactam(ACL) through hydrolytic ring-open co-polymerization. The NMR characterization and rheological test result proved the existence of branched chain structure additionally. The branched chain structure caused a remarkable enhancement in the rheological properties. The met index(MFR),zero shear rate viscosity and storage modulus at low frequency region had a remarkable increase.The shear thinning phenomenon became more obvious. The thermal properties test determined by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) showed that the melting point and crystallinity of co-polymers decreased with the increase of ACL addition.However, the crystal structure of the samples remained unchanged. The appropriate addition amount of ACL can improve the tensile mechanical properties of the co-polymers. When the amount of ACL was 1%, the tensile strength and fracture elongation rate of the co-polymers had the most significant increase.
Cellulose, Rice Husk and Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Composite: Flame Retardancy and Fungi Growth Experimental Study
Authors: González-Serrud Sergio , Marín-Calvo Nacarí
Published: April 2024

Within the context of sustainable material development for the construction sector, this study explores the viability of panels composed of recycled newspaper-derived cellulose (9%), rice husk (14%), borax (15%), and polyvinyl acetate-based glue (62%). The methods employed involve water absorption and density tests, following ASTM C-1763 and C-303 standards. The fire resistance test conforming to the European standard UNE 23-725-90, and a mold growth test using AOAC 2002.11. The composite is prone to absorbing a significant amount of water when exposed to humid conditions. However, the incorporation of rice husk and borax can provide benefits such as improved moisture resistance compared to other cellulitic insulators, which may be advantageous in specific climates. Also, the developed composite has an intermediate density compared to other polymeric materials. This characteristic presents advantages in applications that demand a balance between strength and lightness. During the fire resistance tests, the samples with borax presented less fire propagation, and superficial damage compared with the specimens without borax. This is important, considering the fireproofing property, required in building materials. The presence of borax in the composite has an inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi and yeasts. These findings are consistent with previous research. Nevertheless, further research and testing are imperative to assess its viability and performance for commercial applications.
Impact of lowering TSH cut-off on neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Teixeira Palla Braga Nathalia , Vilela Antunes Jáderson Mateus , Colosimo Enrico Antônio , Alves Dias Vera Maria , Januário José Nélio , Novato Silva Ivani
Published: April 2024

A higher incidence of primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has been related to in-creased sensitivity in neonatal screening tests. The benefit of treatment in mild cases remains a topic of debate. We evaluated the cost-benefit of reducing the blood-spot TSH cut-off (b-TSH) from 10 (Group 2) to 6 mIU/L (Group 1) in a public neonatal screening program. During the study period, 40% of 123 newborns with CH (n= 162,730; incidence = 1:1,323) had b-TSH between 6 and 10 mIU/L. Group 1 patients had fewer clinical symptoms (p=0.02), lower serum TSH (p
From Opposition to Collaboration: The Evolution of Participatory Culture in The LinaBell IP Generation
Authors: Yi Liu , Rui Chen
Published: April 2024

The rapid rise of LinaBell has been a carnival driven by online user participation. It not only reflects the active agency and creative initiative of audiences in participatory culture but also advances the development of participatory texts, transforming the relationship between producers and recipients from opposition to collaboration. Throughout this process, both parties benefit and fulfill their respective needs. Creators generate higher commercial value with lower production costs, while recipients experience immersive and interactive aesthetic enjoyment through their engagement. The success of LinaBell popularity is also related to the unique form of fan culture in China. Furthermore, it ingeniously addresses the long-standing copyright issues that have hindered user participation in creative processes. However, it is important to acknowledge that this type of storyless intellectual property (IP) has both advantages and limitations.
Unusual Presentation of Hip Pain in a Pregnant Woman Due to Bilateral Cervical Neck Stress Fractures
Authors: Vinograd Ofir , Shohat Noam , Essa Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Case:

We present an unusual case of bilateral femoral neck fatigue fractures in a 28-year-old pregnant woman at the 18th week of gestation successfully treated through operative intervention involving consecutive total hip arthroplasty and internal fixation within the same procedure, resulting in favorable clinical outcomes.

Conclusion:

Current clinical practices suggest that a restricted use of plain radiographs, even those involving the pelvis in pregnant women carries a minimal risk to the fetus and is not contraindicated. Magnetic resonance imaging proved valuable for differential diagnosis, contrasting with sonography.
Arthroscopic Femoral Head Allograft With Proximal Femoral/Periacetabular Osteotomies for Sequelae of Perthes
Authors: Girardi Nicholas G. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Lee Jessica H. , Merkle Alex N. , Mei-Dan Omer
Published: April 2024

Case:

We describe the unique case of a 20-year-old man with a history of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, hip dysplasia, and osteochondral fragmentation of the medial femoral head. We performed arthroscopic femoroplasty and femoral head allografting, followed by a valgus-producing derotational femoral osteotomy (DFO) and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). At 1-year follow-up, the patient achieved osseous union and complete femoral head healing with return to his active hobbies.

Conclusion:

We describe the successful utilization of arthroscopic allografting for medial femoral head osteochondral fragmentation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on femoral head arthroscopic allografting before DFO and PAO.
Thrombosed Persistent Median Artery with Coexisting Bifid Median Nerve in a Robotic Arthroplasty Surgeon
Authors: Eachempati Krishna Kiran , Parameswaran Apurve , Yadav Vikas K. , Kumar Roshna Prem , Ponnala Vinay Kishore , Apsingi Sunil
Published: April 2024

Case:

A 47-year-old orthopaedic surgeon presented with acute volar left wrist pain. He performed over 250 robot-assisted knee arthroplasties each year. Color Doppler evaluation revealed bilateral persistent median arteries and bifid median nerves, with focal occlusive thrombosis of the left median artery. He was advised rest and oral aspirin. He could return to his professional activities after 1 month. He had no recurrence of symptoms at 1 year of follow-up.

Conclusion:

Orthopaedic surgeons use vibrating hand tools on a daily basis. The possibility of hand-arm vibration syndrome must be considered in the differential diagnosis of wrist pain among orthopaedic surgeons.
LOCOMOTION TRACES EMPLACED BY MODERN STALKLESS COMATULID CRINOIDS (FEATHERSTARS)
Authors: MYERS REED A. , FURLONG CAROLYN M. , GINGRAS MURRAY K. , ZONNEVELD JOHN-PAUL
Published: April 2024

Modern crinoids have the ability to use their arms to crawl along the sea floor and some are capable of swimming short distances. The first and only evidence of crinoid locomotion reported from the rock record was described from the Middle Jurassic of the Cabeço da Ladeira Lagerstätte (Portugal) resulting in description of the ichnotaxon Krinodromos bentou. Although the mechanics of crinoid movement are well documented the morphological ranges of crinoid motility tracks are unknown. This study uses observations of crinoid movement and their effects on sediment using modern comatulid crinoids to propose possible trace fossil morphologies. Using 20 experimental trials supported by photography, video analyses, 3D orthogrammetry and resin casting, the morphological ranges of crinoid motility tracks are included in five distinct morphologies attributed to ambling, crawling, walking, running, and landing/taking-off traces, the latter of which are emplaced before and after swimming.

Traces produced by ambling occur as epigenic hook-shaped grooves. Crawling traces comprise closely spaced hook-shaped grooves and ridges preserved in concave and convex epirelief. Walking traces consist of semi-bilaterally symmetrical collections of three or more grooves, and associated ridges, preserved in convex and concave epirelief.

Running traces consist of semi-bilaterally symmetrical collections of one to three straight to semi-sinusoidal grooves and associated ridges preserved in concave and convex epirelief. Landing/taking-off traces are mounded features preserved in convex epirelief, with grooves radiating from the center. The five trace types described in this paper provide insight into morphological features that can be associated with modern crinoid activities and used to identify crinoid trace fossils, which are rarely reported, in the rock record.
Evolution of Trochamminoids (Trochospiral Organic-Cemented Agglutinated Foraminifera): Examples from the Lower Permian of Western Australia
Authors: Tremblin Clément Mathieu , Haig David William
Published: April 2024

Trochamminids are the oldest trochospiral group of foraminifera. An exceptionally well-preserved assemblage, found in the Lower Permian (Sakmarian, ∼294–290 Ma) of Western Australia, includes Trochammina geoffplayfordi n. sp., Trochammina gloveri n. sp., Trochamminopsis teicherti n. sp., and Tritaxis crespinae n. sp. Verispira holmesorum n. sp. seems related to broader Trochamminoidea. These represent the oldest known well-preserved representatives of the superfamily. By the Sakmarian, trochamminids, remarkably like modern species, had developed in a shallow-water interior sea with muddy substrate; some may have lived in the flocculent surface layer of the mud, and some were epibionts. No potential trochospiral ancestor is known among calcareous foraminifera of the Late Paleozoic. Triassic Duostomina seems to be the oldest calcareous taxa with simple trochospiral coiling (also having an inner organic lining). Molecular analyses of modern species suggest that morphotypes like the Permian Trochammina lie at some genetic distance from Trochammina inflata (type species of the genus).
On The Curious Illustration of The Foraminifer Peneroplis Planatus In Haeckel'S Kunstformen Der Natur (1899–1904)
Authors: Dolan John R.
Published: April 2024

In Ernst Haeckel’s classic book Kunstsformen der Natur (Art Forms in Nature), forams are prominent; they occupy three of the 100 plates. In one plate, the centerpiece is Peneroplis planatus, shown with extended rhizopods, and organisms from the plankton. It is a very curious illustration as it is the only foram shown living and one of only two organisms in all of Kunstsformen der Natur pictured with possible prey. Here I show that the apparent planktonic prey of P. planatus closely resemble the prey items shown in Haeckel's earlier illustrations of his supposedly primitive life forms Protogenes primordialis and Protomyxa aurantiaca in the 1860s. These forms, now considered dubious, were described as possibly naked forams by Claus (1872), a diagnosis repeated by Brady (1884) in his HMS Challenger report, a source of many illustrations in Haeckel's foram plates. I speculate that Haeckel's depiction of P. planatus, shown much like his primitive forms, was a discrete nod of agreement with the diagnoses of Claus (1872). Examples of Haeckel's stylizations of the morphology of forams in his plates are also shown in support of the notion that Haeckel exercised artistic liberty in his depictions of forams.
StratoMod: Predicting sequencing and variant calling errors with interpretable machine learning
Authors: Dwarshuis Nathan , Tonner Peter , Olson Nathanael , Sedlazeck Fritz , Wagner Justin , Zook Justin
Published: April 2024

Repetitive structures in the genome often lead to difficulty in accurately characterizing variation across a variety of sequencing technologies and variant detection methods. To address this, the Genome in a Bottle consortium maintains “stratification BED files” for error analysis in “difficult” regions such as homopolymers and segmental duplications. However, this strategy represents genomic context in discrete bins, which sacrifices precision when quantifying difficulty; this could be improved using a data-driven model. To this end, we developed StratoMod, which uses an interpretable machine learning classifier to predict variant calling errors using features derived from genomic data. StratoMod identified distinct associations with errors for A/T vs. G/C homopolymer lengths, and quantified sources of error for a new sequencing technology. We also demonstrated that the model could predict clinically-relevant variants that may be missed by certain methods, using DeepVariant calls from Illumina as an example. From this we also produced a resource of difficult-to-map genes with challenging variants and large challenging INDELs. In each use-case, the interpretability of StratoMod enables one to understand how each feature contributed to a prediction. We anticipate this will be useful for method developers and clinicians who desire a quantitative understanding of sources of variant-calling errors.
Technology-Driven Transformations in Consumer Buying Behavior: Implications for Marketers
Authors: . Sreeanandan , A Baranipriya , R Roshni P
Published: April 2024

Amid the fast-evolving landscape, characterized by the far-reaching impact of the Internet and rapid technological progress, consumer behaviors and needs are undergoing a significant transformation (Karenhka, 2013). This is particularly pronounced in India, with over 50% of the population aged under 25 and 65% under 35 (National Statistical Commission, 2017). The younger generation is growing up in a world saturated with technology, influenced by widespread Internet access, data abundance, and ongoing mobile innovations (Han Wai et al., 2016). Our research paper thoroughly investigates the impact of technological advancements on the diverse stages of the consumer buying process, including need recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, decision-making, and post-purchase behaviors. Based on the comprehensive reviews of literatures, empirical past analysis, and expert talks, the present study is rigorously analyzed, validated and formulated four hypotheses in different dimensions of consumer behavior. The research highlights the substantial influence of technological innovations on the consumer purchasing journey, emphasizing the importance for marketers to incorporate key disruptive technologies into their marketing strategies.
JEL Code: D12, O33, M31
WITHDRAWN: Post Fever Retinitis - Experience From Tertiary Eye Care Hospital in Central India
Authors: PALIWAL SONAL PALIWAL , prerna prerena upadhyaya
Published: April 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors while they make corrections to the work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Cross-Immunity as a Potential Explanation for the Smoker's Paradox in COVID-19: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gonzalez-Rubio Jesus , Navarro-López Juan D. , Jiménez-Díaz Lydia , Najera Alberto
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Recent evidence shows that a cross-immunity reaction exists between the T-cells associated with common cold coronaviruses (229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1) and SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19. It is also known that the prevalence of smokers among patients admitted to hospital for COVID-19 is lower than expected according to the corresponding country’s smoking prevalence, which is known as smoker’s paradox in COVID-19. No clear consensus to explain it has yet been reached. Nonetheless, very few works have studied the prevalence of smokers in those infected by common cold coronaviruses, and its relation to COVID-19 has not been investigated.
Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the prevalence of smokers among patients infected by common cold coronaviruses, and to compare them to the corresponding country’s smoking prevalence.
Results: The results show that smoking prevalence is higher among those patients infected by these coronaviruses than in the general population (OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 0.81-2.33). A study was separately done for the four coronavirus types, and the prevalence of smokers was higher in three of the four than that corresponding to country, gender and study year: OC43 (OR = 1.93, 95%CI: 0.64-5.82); HKU1 (OR = 3.62, 95%CI: 1.21-10.85); NL63 (OR = 1.93, 95%CI: 0.64-5.82); 229E (OR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.50-1.90).
Conclusions: Our data suggest that COVID-19 might be less prevalent among smokers due to greater cross-inmmunity from a larger number or more recent infections by common cold coronaviruses than the non-smoking population, which would explain smoker’s paradox in COVID-19
Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers mediates the causal effect of Aging on Female Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Huang Xiaoyu , Xiao Ya , Chen Mao , Zhu Fangyi , Chen Liying , Tian Xiaoyu , Hong Li
Published: April 2024

Aims
Female pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a disease associated with aging and inflammation, though it is not determined that aging and inflammation are causative factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the causal effects of aging and inflammatory factors on female pelvic organ prolapse (POP).
Methods
Significant genetic variables were evaluated by assessing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for POP and 5 age biomarkers (GrimAge, HorvathAge, HannumAge, PhenoAge, and leukocyte telomere length). Initially, a bidirectional MR analysis was conducted utilizing a random-effects inverse variance-weighted IVW method to elucidate the causal association. Other MR methods and sensitivity analyses were also used. Then, we also used a two-step MR analysis to analyze the mediating effect of six circulating inflammatory biomarkers in the causal relationship between age and POP. Finally, two-sample MR analysis was also used to investigate the effects of 190 inflammatory cytokines on POP risk.
Results
Shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL), rather than epigenetic clocks is genetically predicted to increase the risk of POP. MR analysis showed that shorter LTL is associated with higher leukocyte count, which can lead to POP. A significant causal association was found between 44 circulating inflammatory cytokines and POP risk. After adjusting for multiple tests, CXCL14, IL17A, IL18, IL6, TNFRSF10B, and TNFSF9 remained statistically significant.
Conclusions
Our findings provide that leukocyte count mediates the potential genetic causal impact of shorter LTL on the development of POP. Inflammatory cytokines might to be considered as potential targets for intervention in POP.
Investigating Medical Functionality of Chitosan-ZnO Nanoparticles Modified Fabric with Enhanced Properties
Authors: Islam Redwanul , Saha Suprio Shantanu , Raen Reana
Published: April 2024

This study delves into exploring the medical potentials of Chitosan-ZnO nanoparticles integrated onto jute cotton fabric. Employing a sustainable approach, ZnO nanoparticles and chitosan were synthesized through eco-friendly methods, utilizing Nigella sativa seed extract and shrimp shell, respectively. After that, these components were applied to jute cotton fabric using the dip-pad-dry-cure technique, together with a 2-weight percent acrylic binder. During the coating procedure, chitosan and ZnO nanoparticles were also mixed together. The structural, microstructural, and chemical characteristics of the coated samples were clarified by characterization using FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM. Antifungal activities against C. albicans and A. fumigates, as well as antibacterial characteristics against Gram-positive (S. aureus, B. subtilis) and Gram-negative (E. coli, P. aeruginosa) bacteria, were all evaluated, along with UV protection. Mechanical properties of the modified fabric were also scrutinized. Results showcased enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activities, superior UV protection, and improved mechanical strength compared to untreated fabric. The findings underscore the potential of Chitosan-ZnO nanoparticle-modified jute cotton fabric as a promising biomedical textile due to its inherent antibacterial and antifungal attributes. This research not only highlights the development of eco-friendly synthesis methods but also underscores the multifunctional capabilities of the modified fabric, offering significant implications for medical applications.