bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Fatal Outcome from Pulmonary Arteries Compression in Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Voutsadakis Ioannis A. , Masouris George , Tsapakidis Konstantinos , Papandreou Christos N.
Published: January 2010

Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a malignancy that metastasizes frequently to lymph nodes including the mediastinal lymph nodes. This occurrence may produce symptoms due to compression of adjacent structures such as the superior vena cava syndrome or dysphagia from esophageal compression. We report the case of a 59-year-old man with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma for whom mediastinal lymphadenopathy led to pulmonary artery compression and a rapidly fatal outcome. This rare occurrence has to be distinguished from pulmonary embolism, a much more frequent event in cancer patients, in order that proper and prompt treatment be initiated.
A Comparison of Dysautonomias Comorbid with Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome and with Migraine
Authors: Chelimsky Gisela , Madan Shruti , Alshekhlee Amer , Heller Elizabeth , McNeeley Kevin , Chelimsky Thomas
Published: January 2010

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) shares many features with migraine headache, including auras, photophobia, and antimigrainous treatment response being traditionally viewed as a migraine variant.Aims. To determine whether CVS is associated with the same disorders as migraine headache, and compare these associations to those in healthy control subjects.Methods. Cross-sectional study of patients utilizing the ODYSA instrument, evaluating the probability of 12 functional/autonomic diagnoses, CVS, migraine, orthostatic intolerance (OI), reflex syncope, interstitial cystitis, Raynaud's syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, functional abdominal pain, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Control subjects were age-matched gender-matched friends. Patients had to fulfill criteria for CVS or migraine, while control subjects could not.Results. 103 subjects were studied, 21 with CVS, 46 with migraine and 36 healthy controls. CVS and migraine did not differ in the relative frequencies of fibromyalgia, OI, syncope, and functional dyspepsia. However, CVS patients did demonstrate a significantly elevated frequency of CRPS.Conclusions. Although CVS and migraine clearly share many of the same comorbidities, they do differ in one important association, suggesting that they may not be identical in pathophysiology. Since OI is common in CVS, treatment strategies could also target this abnormality.
Cytomorphology of Circulating Colorectal Tumor Cells: A Small Case Series
Authors: Marrinucci Dena , Bethel Kelly , Lazar Daniel , Fisher Jennifer , Huynh Edward , Clark Peter , Bruce Richard , Nieva Jorge , Kuhn Peter
Published: January 2010

Several methodologies exist to enumerate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood of cancer patients; however, most methodologies lack high-resolution imaging, and thus, little is known about the cytomorphologic features of these cells. In this study of metastatic colorectal cancer patients, we used immunofluorescent staining with fiber-optic array scanning technology to identify CTCs, with subsequent Wright-Giemsa and Papanicolau staining. The CTCs were compared to the corresponding primary and metastatic tumors. The colorectal CTCs showed marked intrapatient pleomorphism. In comparison to the corresponding tissue biopsies, cells from all sites showed similar pleomorphism, demonstrating that colorectal CTCs retain the pleomorphism present in regions of solid growth. They also often retain particular cytomorphologic features present in the patient's primary and/or metastatic tumor tissue. This study provides an initial analysis of the cytomorphologic features of circulating colon cancer cells, providing a foundation for further investigation into the significance and metastatic potential of CTCs.
Overcoming Barriers To a Cognitive Psychology of Religion
Authors: Mccauley Robert N.
Published: January 2010

The aims of this paper are to identify three barriers to the development of cognitive approaches to the study of religion and to suggest how each might be circumvented. The first of these barriers is methodological and lurks amid two issues that, historically, have dominated anthropologists' reflections on the relationship of their discipline to psychology. The older of the two can be characterized as the "psychic unity" controversy (see Shore 1995). The second issue is the controversy over the "autonomy of culture". Advocates of the latter thesis are usually unsympathetic to psychological explanations of religious phenomena. In the first section, I shall begin by briefly examining each of those issues and then exploring the connections between the two as well as interesting logical tensions that arise in the face of popular responses to each. In section two, I shall consider a pair of barriers to a cognitive psychology of religion rooted in two strategies that have dominated many psychologists' approaches to the study of religion. I will argue that for some purposes, at least, both strategies should be relaxed. Finally, in section three, I shall briefly sketch one sort of cognitive approach to religious phenomena, suggesting how it handles the two strategic barriers in particular.
Reduction and religion: Lessons from eliminative materialism
Authors: Malley Brian E.
Published: January 2010

Cogmtivist theorizing about religion is promising, and this essay explores the ramifications of eliminative materialism for thinking about religion. First, and contrary to the assumption of eliminative matenalists, it is not obvious that the success of eliminative materialism would compromise the veracity of religious psychologies. Second, the success of eliminative materialism would prove the adequacy of formal theorizing for understanding religious expenence. Third, the success of eliminative materialism would force theories of religion to employ neuroanatomically-realizable psychological models. Finally, a powerful strategy which provides non-propositional, neurally-realizable models of psychological functions (connectiomsm) is currently available and is amenable to modeling religious knowledge.
The Impact of Charismatic Pastoral Leadership On Religious Commitment and Church Growth in the Korean Mega-Churches
Authors:   Young Gi Hong
Published: January 2010

How are the Korean mega-churches growing? What distinguishes them from smaller size of churches? To understand the phenomenal growth of the Korean mega-churches, the survey was taken in 1998 to measure the perceptions of members about their pastor, view of church growth, and religious characteristics, based on 1,260 samples (750 for the mega-churches, 265 for the large churches, and 245 for the small/middle-sized churches). The results showed that the members of the mega-churches are more likely to perceive their senior pastor as charismatic, are more likely to attribute the factors of church growth to their senior pastor, and are more likely to exhibit religious commitment than are the members of the smaller size of churches. This paper argues that charismatic pastoral leadership has an immense impact on religious commitment of the members, thereby leading to church growth.
St. Francis and the Sultan
Authors: Johnson Galen K.
Published: January 2010

This paper offers a structuralist reading of the various traditions of the meeting of St. Francis of Assisi with Sultan Malik al-Kamil during the Fifth Crusade in 1219. Although there exist various accounts of the "Francis legend," the author argues that their cumulative purpose was to show that the unique character of Francis evoked a positive response from the sultan that made Muslims potential objects of peaceful conversion rather than hopeless infidels to be violently eradicated. While Francis can never be called the "patron saint of religious pluralism," the story of his encounter with the sultan can certainly be an example of how twenty-first century Christians can respond to Muslims as neighbors in our culturally diverse world. "Although Francis probably believed with his contemporaries that Muslims were cunning and fierce ... , his experiences at Damietta direct Christians to consider the log in their own eyes before poking at the speck in another's.
In Dialogue With African Traditional Religion
Authors: Anekwe Oborji Francis
Published: January 2010

Although there is some debate, Francis Oborji in this article argues that one should speak of African Traditional Religion (ATR) in the singular. He then reflects on five "essential aspects" of ATR--God and the human being, good and evil, sacrifice, ancestorship, and the afterlife and final end of human beings. After discussing several problems connected with a Christian approach to ATR, the author makes a positive evaluation of the practice of traditional religion as a supernatural reality that is a true preparation for a full understanding of God's grace in Jesus Christ.
Miss-Iology Meets Ms-Theology
Authors: Long Judi
Published: January 2010

Missiology and feminist theology are becoming recognized as significant voices in contemporary Christian theology, both seeking to add other dimensions to the traditional elements of theology. Missiology seeks to bring mission back into the mainstream of Christian life and thought. While there is no one feminist theology but rather a diverse range of feminist theologies, these all seek to have the perspectives of women taken seriously in all aspects of theology. Both feminist theologies and missiology have areas that the other can critique. However, most importantly, they also have areas that can be enriched by engagement with each other. Missiology like much theology, has tended to be written by men, and focuses largely on the activities and priorities of men. It can benefit from the recognition of the role of women in mission both as missionaries, and as the missionised. Women have played a crucial role in mission that is only recently being recognized and affirmed. Feminist theologies have not tended to address issues of mission with the exception of the criticism of patriarchal missionary methods and their impact upon women. Missiology challenges feminist theologies to take seriously the core truths of the gospel and how these relate to world in which we live. The creative interaction between feminist theologies and missiology will have implications for our whole understanding of God, for our view of the Bible, and for how the gospel relates to a postmodern society. Both missiology and feminist theologies have challenges to bring to traditional theology. As they engage with each other, new and exciting aspects of both feminist theologies and missiology emerge that can be developed and explored.
Transforming Theological Education Through Experiential Learning in Urban Contexts
Authors: Hertig Paul
Published: January 2010

An important paradigm shift underway in education allows students to be partners in cooperative learning and to field test old answers to ever-changing problems in urban life through the continual journey into neighborhoods and the return journey into the classroom for reflection. The rhythm of journey in and journey out ofthe classroom allows spirituality, community and justice to embrace. Diversity is reflected through students' journeys into contexts where people's worldviews and faith suppositions differ from their own. Jesus educated his disciples by sending them out on journeys, sometimes going with them, other times processing their experiencesd when they returned. Students should likewise be allowed to journey outside the confines of the classroom and interact with the world in all of its complexities. Experiential learning in urban contexts calls for a "servant learner" approach rather than the "servant leader" approach that still dominates theological education. The servant learner goes into a context with the goal of understanding the culture, needs, agendas, and issues of a community as an alternative to the traditional method of seeking to set the agenda for the people of the community. Christian educators are called to slow down, reflect, re-evaluate, and re-direct the educational journey back from where it began-out in the world. In its commitment to free-floating thoughts and cognitive concepts, contemporary higher education is left unanchored and without concrete expression in the world. Theological education cannot justify itself based on what it has become, but must seek a new path based on what might become. It must return to its true calling of educating Christians in their faith journeys through engagement and participation in the real world. It must also allow those whom we serve in our communities to evaluate our efforts.
Religion, Conflict, and Reconciliation: Ecumenical Initiatives Amidst Human Brokenness and Community Division
Authors: Gort Jerald D.
Published: January 2010

After reflecting on the ambiguous role of religion in terms of violence, Jerald D. Gort in this article outlines, first, the conditions for true reconciliation among peoples (acknowledgement of Christian complicity; no cheap reconciliation; no utopian enthusiasm; no fatalistic view of human capacity); then, second, he outlines the initiatives ofthe World Council of Churches (WCC) toward justice and reconciliation in the world. Such initiatives involve the struggle against injustice on the one hand and a practice of the "wider ecumenism" (dialogue of histories, theologies, spiritualities, and life) on the other.
"Identity" and Global Ethnic Violence
Authors: Payne Michael W.
Published: January 2010

This article explores the multidimensional nature of globalization as it impacts on "identity," both individually and corporately, in its most common manifestation as violence. Identity is explored in terms of the dialectical interplay between the "one" and the "many" or "universality" and "particularity" in order to offer an alternative reading of "identity" in light ofMiroslav Wolf's work Exclusion and Embrace. To do this the language of Paul in Galatians, and in other epistles as well, needs to be considered. Utilizing the insights of N. T. Wright and Richard Hays, the article then attempts to re-locate "identity" as constituted by our being new women and men in Christ. Also utilized is Paul Hiebert's analysis of set theory, which illustrates the necessity of moving away from "ssentialist" or "primordialist" readings of culture and identity in order to move toward more "centered set" thinking which is typical of Paul in Galatians. The article attempts to reorient Christians to a new way of thinking missiologically in light of the reality of violence and the need for broader notions of reconciliation and redemption.
Winti in Suriname
Authors: Vernooij Joop
Published: January 2010

In this contribution, long time missionary to Suriname, Joop Vemooij, presents an overview of Winti, a religion rooted in the complex culture of Surinam. After presenting a short history of the religion, Vernooij outlines some of its principal elements, and then presents a pastoral reflection on how Christians need to deal with practitioners of this religion in Surinam itself, and in the Netherlands, where some 300,000 Surinamese live today.
The Necessity and Limit of a Contextual Theology
Authors: Nessan Craig L.
Published: January 2010

Contextual theology is a necessity, but it also has limits. This is the thesis of Craig L. Nessan in this article. It is a necessity because of the Incarnation of Jesus Christ and the sacramental nature of Christian life. God is always revealed in particular times and places. Nevertheless, argues Nessan, contextual theology is limited by the consistency of God's character and activity. "While it is vital to pay attention to the particularity of God's revelation within a given context, it is equally necessary to affirm the coherence of God's characteristic way of becoming revealed." Careful reflection on the development of Christian doctrine demonstrates the value of attending both to its contextuality and its consistency. Doctrinal expression of faith provides the particularity of contextual expression (a certain language, culture, period) on the one hand, and provides the parameters of orthodoxy (the church's faith) on the other.
CHRIST CRUCIFIED: Lutheran Missiological Themes for a Post-Christian Century
Authors: Thomsen Mark
Published: January 2010

Despite the fact that Lutheran theology is molded by the medieval theological context, argues Mark Thomsen in this article, its central reality of a theology of the cross offers a surprising "potential for constructing a dynamic foundation for a contemporary vison of the Missio Dei." What this theology of the cross is not is neither "a glorification of suffering and death," a simple repetition of the Anselmian doctrine of atonement, nor is it a doctrine of the atonement at all. Rather, a Lutheran theology of the cross is one with mission at the center. It means dying to oneself for the sake of the vision of the Reign of God. It means being in solidarity with the suffering peoples of the world. It means recognizing the almost overwhelming power of evil, and God's struggle in Christ with that power. Finally, a theology of the cross points to God's vulnerability in the world. Christians participate in God's mission by themselves taking up the cross, recognizing God's gracious commitment to offering abundant life to the entire creation.
Disaggregating the Relationship Between Schools and Crime
Authors: Murray Rebecca K. , Swatt Marc L.
Published: January 2010

Although an extensive literature exists on crime in schools, surprisingly few studies have examined crime within the vicinity of schools. Schools, like other urban facilities, can generate crime by providing youth opportunities to congregate with little supervision, particularly before and after school hours. Some noteworthy studies have demonstrated that crime is more likely around schools, but the distinctive patterns based on school, time, and spatial contexts have not been fully addressed. The current study examines the differential crime generating potential of schools by type (public/private) and by level (elementary, middle, and high school), taking into account both spatial and temporal indicators. The authors employ a unique methodology for spatial modeling using the matrix exponential spatial expansion. Results indicate that there are distinct patterns of crime associated with schools, which suggests that disaggregating schools is important for understanding spatial patterns of crime.
Fabrication and Characterization of Jute Reinforced Polypropylene Composite: Effectiveness of Coupling Agents
Authors: Haydaruzzaman  , Khan A.H. , Hossain M.A. , Khan Mubarak A. , Khan Ruhul A. , Hakim M.A.
Published: January 2010

Composites based on poly (propylene) (PP) matrix and both, untreated 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and starch treated jute fabrics were prepared by compression molding. Fiber content in the composites was optimized (45% by weight) with the extent of mechanical properties. HEMA solutions of different concentrations in methanol (MeOH) along with the photoinitiator Darocur-1173 were prepared. Jute fabrics treated with 15% HEMA at 20th UV (ultraviolet radiation) pass for 15 min showed better performance. For the improvement of the properties, jute fabrics were treated with starch solutions of different concentrations for different soaking times. Improved mechanical properties, such as tensile strength (19%), tensile modulus (29%), bending strength (27%), bending modulus (12%), and impact strength (60%), were found in 5% starch treated jute fabrics/PP composites as compared to the untreated composite. HEMA treated jute fabrics were again treated with starch (5%) solution and found to deliver the best results, such as tensile strength (23%), bending strength (35%), tensile modulus (33%), bending modulus (15%), and impact strength (71%), over the untreated composite. Scanning electron microscopic analysis, water uptake, thermal aging, and dielectric properties of the treated and untreated composites were performed.
Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Bolus‐Administered Mannitol in Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomy
Authors: Kaneda Kotaro , Baker Max T. , Han Tae‐Hyung , Weeks Julie B. , Todd Michael M.
Published: January 2010

To better understand mannitol pharmacokinetics, the authors constructed and compared population models for high‐ versus low‐dose bolus infusions in humans. Patients (aged 18–75, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1–3) scheduled for elective craniotomy with an anticipated need for intraoperative mannitol were randomly assigned to receive either 0.5 (n = 10) or 1.0 (n = 12) g/kg of 20% mannitol over 15 minutes. Serial blood samples were collected at the predetermined intervals over 12 hours. Plasma mannitol concentrations were measured by gas chromatography and subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis; a 3‐compartment model best described mannitol disposition characteristics. Weight and dose were the important covariates for rapid peripheral volume of distribution (V2) and central clearance (CL1), respectively. Estimated population means were 2.80, 8.86, and 12.0 L for central (V1), rapid (V2), and slow (V3) volumes of distribution, respectively. Clearances of the central compartments (CL1) were 0.07 versus 0.04 L/min in the high‐ versus low‐dose group, respectively. Thus, mannitol kinetics can be considered as nonlinear. Clearances of the rapid peripheral (CL2) and slow peripheral compartments (CL3) were identical (2.07 and 0.16 L/min) in both. The current weight‐based dosing guidelines yielded greater than expected plasma drug concentrations in obese patients.
See for yourself
Authors: Sharples Emma , Russell Martyn
Published: January 2010

Access to information about services and support is an important part of the rehabilitation process for patients diagnosed with sight loss. Manchester Royal Eye Hospital (MREH) has worked in partnership with the Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) and Henshaws Society for Blind People to create an information pack aimed at patients attending the Low Vision clinic, named ‘See for Yourself: An Information Pack for People with Sight Loss’. To assess its impact, satisfaction questionnaires were sent to 182 patients receiving the pack, and the results analysed. Overall, 94.4 per cent of respondents rated the pack ‘very’ or ‘quite’ useful, with 90.5 per cent of respondents feeling the pack contained the right amount of information. Very positive comments were received. The ‘See for Yourself’ pack will continue to play a role in the provision of low vision services at MREH, and its use may be expanded to other service providers in the future.
An infinite number of niches
Authors: Smith Jennifer
Published: January 2010

This article argues the importance of considering the unique information requirements of different business niches within the small business sector. It explains how an information management platform, OneIS, overcame the challenge of providing information services to small businesses with a highly-tailored, yet cost-effective, information service. The article is based on the author’s experience of working with various small businesses over the past two years, and in particular comparing and contrasting the information requirements in two very different small businesses: a specialist business consultancy and a private medical practice.
European Sources Online
Authors: Thomson Ian
Published: January 2010

European Sources Online (ESO) is an electronic information service that provides information focusing on Europe. The article describes the development and the background to ESO, the key features and objectives of the service and current challenges. It aims to relate the value of ESO to users of business information.
Effects of Classroom Embeddedness and Density on the Social Status of Aggressive and Victimized Children
Authors: Ahn Hai-Jeong , Garandeau Claire F. , Rodkin Philip C.
Published: January 2010

This study investigated the independent and interacting effects of classroom-level embeddedness (i.e., hierarchical vs. egalitarian) and classroom density on the perceived popularity and social preference of aggressive and victimized 3rd-4th grade students ( N = 881). A cohesive blocking procedure was used to compute embeddedness. Multilevel analyses indicated that aggressive children achieved much higher perceived popularity in hierarchical classrooms with high density. While children with high victimization scores were unpopular across classrooms, they were least unpopular in egalitarian classrooms with high density. Furthermore, aggressive children were more disliked in low-density classrooms, and victimized children were more disliked in hierarchical classrooms. Implications for educational management of classroom social structures are discussed.
Intimate Partner Violence and Depression in a Population-Based Sample of Women: Can Social Support Help?
Authors: Mburia-Mwalili Adel , Clements-Nolle Kristen , Lee William , Shadley Meri , Wei Yang
Published: January 2010

Data from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in Nevada was analyzed to determine whether social support is independently associated with depression in a population-based sample of women with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV). More than a quarter (27%) of the women who were randomly chosen to participate in the survey reported lifetime IPV ( n = 472). Twenty-four percent of abused women were categorized as currently depressed according to the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Abused women who reported low social support, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.95, 95% CI (1.69-14.49), or moderate social support, AOR = 2.71, 95% CI (1.00-7.33), were more likely to be depressed than women who reported high levels of social support. Other independent risk factors for depression included younger age, AOR = 5.36, 95% CI (1.36-25.39); low education (less than high school), AOR = 12.55, 95% CI (2.78-56.72); fair or poor perceived health status, AOR = 3.72, 95% CI (1.39-9.87); being overweight or obese, AOR = 3.21, 95% CI (1.26-8.19); having experienced sexual IPV, AOR = 4.95, 95% CI (1.08-22.74); and having experienced both physical and sexual IPV, AOR = 4.54, 95% CI (2.07-9.99). There is an urgent need for routine screening for IPV and depression in clinic and community settings. Interventions that target younger women who experience IPV and aim to decrease depression in this vulnerable population are likely to be most effective if they promote social support, increase education opportunities, and support healthy weight loss behaviors.
Thermoplastic Starch-Glycerol-Lignosulfonate Blends: Mixtures of Thermally Molded Blends Studied in a Ternary Diagram
Authors: Morais L.C. , Consolin-Filho N. , Sartori R.A. , Cadaxo-Sobrinho E.S. , Souza T.M.H. , Regiani A.M. , Curvelo A.A.S.
Published: January 2010

The aim of this research was to survey all possible combinations of cornstarch (S), lignosulfonate (LS), and glycerol (G) that may be used in preparing thermally molded thermoplastics. A ternary diagram was developed to define the best range of compositions for production of these thermoplastics in accordance with ASTM D 638-M. Dynamic mechanical analysis technique (DMA) revealed more than one glass relaxation, influenced by glycerol content. In stress—strain tests, incorporation of LS decreased the stress and increased strain considerably, in comparison with their respective S—G matrices. The total amount of water absorbed by the specimens increased proportionally to relative humidity (RH) and glycerol content. An increase in LS content requires longer time to reach steady state for the absorption process. Moreover, the diffusion coefficient of water in the thermoplastic rose significantly with the amount of glycerol. However, the diffusion coefficient results did not show a simple, monotonic relation with the values of RH or with absorbed water content.
Framing of science issues in opinion-leading news: international comparison of biotechnology issue coverage
Authors: Listerman Thomas
Published: January 2010

This paper tests how the biotechnology issue, as an example of a major contemporary scientific debate, was framed and reframed by opinion-leading newspapers in Germany, Britain and the United States during the years 2000—2. The research design suggests a theoretical foundation of structure frame categories on the article level, combined with frames on the argument level. Argument framing is analyzed in actors’ statements and journalists’ own comments. Article framing is analyzed as structures and interpretative patterns in the whole news item. Comparative and cluster analysis of structure frames on the article level, argument frames, and single attributes of the text, shows that certain reframing takes place when media attention increases, in the form of a stronger ethical discourse in Germany and a more prominent public discourse in Britain. In the US opinion-leading press, the scientific-economic discourse is consequent.
Experiences of Sexual Harassment Among Elementary School Students in Taiwan: Implications for School Nurses
Authors: Chang Yu-Ting , Hayter Mark , Lin Mei-Ling
Published: January 2010

Sexual harassment is a significant issue in the lives of students. Understanding how young adolescents feel about sexual harassment and their coping strategies is a central element to guide school nursing interventions promoting sexual health. This study explored the sexual harassment experiences of young adolescents in Taiwan. A qualitative research design was employed using focus groups to collect data from 47 elementary students, 10 and 12 years of age. Three themes emerged from the data analysis: “experiences of physical harassment,” “experiences of verbal harassment,” and “coping with harassment.” The potential for school nurses to influence students' behavior, improve sexual health instruction, and create a healthy school environment is significant. School nurses should participate in sexual health education classes actively to advance the sexual health behaviors of school children.
Qualitative Interviewing as an Embodied Emotional Performance
Authors: Ezzy Douglas
Published: January 2010

The article argues that the emotional framing of interviews plays a major role in shaping the content of interviews. Drawing on the psychoanalytic theory of Jessica Benjamin and Luce Irigaray, the article describes how interviews can be experienced as either conquest or communion. Qualitative researchers typically focus on the cognitively articulated aspects of the interview and elide the significance of their own and the interviewee’s, emotions. A reanalysis of two previous qualitative interview studies is used to illustrate the difference between interviews experienced as conquest or communion. The article argues that all interviews are emotional and embodied performances and that good interviewing is facilitated by a reflexive awareness of, and engagement with, the emotional, embodied, and performed dimensions of the interview.
Ethical Explorations: A Tale of Preparing a Conference Paper
Authors: Bruce Toni
Published: January 2010

In this article, the author explores the ethical tensions that emerged when she attempted to write autoethnographically about her ongoing experience of early menopause. It brings to life the journey that resulted from the acceptance of a conference abstract which promised to reveal the lived experience of this unexpected bodily “betrayal.” The abstract included the promise to illuminate the intense physical and emotional effects of this (in)visible transition. However, in the process of writing and considering the ethical dimensions of such storytelling, the author ended up constructing something completely different which, in its own way, led to new understandings of her past and present.
Black Birds: Works of a Woman Unfolding
Authors: Bowden Tiffany
Published: January 2010

This article is a collection of performance poetry pieces which provide autoethnographic insight into racialized experiences of African Americans. Topics explored include colorism, classism, relationships, racism, corporate work, shifting identities, hair colonization, and other topics. These pieces are meant to be performed as a way of interrupting and speaking against hegemony.
The Ability of Criminal Law to Produce Gender Equality: Judicial Discourses in the Swedish Criminal Legal System
Authors: Burman Monica
Published: January 2010

The main aim of the Swedish Women’s Peace reform in 1998 was to enhance criminal legal protection for women exposed to violence in heterosexual relationships and to promote gender equality. However, these ambitions risk being contravened in a masculinist criminal legal system. One problem concerns how the victim is constructed in criminal legal cases. The author argues that moral balancing and discourses of responsibility and guilt in Swedish cases constrain the agency possible for women and suggest that a more comprehensive policy in Sweden must be developed to include violent men, their agency, and their responsibility for the violence.
The power of words: Argumentative persuasion in international negotiations
Authors: Grobe Christian
Published: January 2010

Throughout the last two decades international negotiations have been predominantly analysed from the perspective of rationalist bargaining theory. But most recently, constructivists have pointed to a different mechanism that may facilitate agreement among multiple parties: processes of argumentation. Indeed, numerous empirical studies were successful in showing that words have the power to change the initial bargaining position of an actor and thereby impact on the outcome of multilateral negotiations. Rationalists have so far been unable to capture this important role of argumentative talk within their conceptual framework. Therefore, this article introduces a theory of rational persuasion, which I call functional persuasion theory. According to this theory argument-based changes in bargaining positions are entirely belief-driven and are not due to a reformulation of agents’ preferences, as constructivists hold. The explanatory power of functional persuasion theory is demonstrated in the empirical part of this article by testing it against the most prominent constructivist explanations of argumentative persuasion.
Woodrow Wilson revisited: Human rights discourse in the foreign policy of the George W. Bush Administration
Authors: Hancock Jan
Published: January 2010

The George W. Bush Administrations presented foreign policy in terms of universal liberal values, including human rights. This has led to a number of scholastic comparisons being drawn with the foreign policy of Woodrow Wilson. This article seeks to contribute to this debate by identifying and accounting for three internal rules common to the human rights discourse expressed by the Wilson and Bush Administrations. Bush is argued to indeed be an inheritor of the Wilsonian legacy but not because the Administrations were characterized by the naive advocacy of idealistic values. Instead, human rights have been discursively co-opted by both Presidents as a technique of governance in the sense of producing reality by insisting on one specific interpretation of identities and intents.
Optimisation and design of ducted daylight systems
Authors: Robertson AP , Hedges RC , Rideout NM
Published: January 2010

There is growing interest in the use of ducted daylight systems as a means of increasing the natural lighting of buildings. Such systems are also known as ‘daylight guidance’, ‘tubular rooflight’ or ‘light-pipe’ systems. Four coordinated experimental campaigns have been undertaken since 2004 in order to provide coherent test data for a wide range of light-pipe systems. In total, over 650 hours of systematic monitoring of light-pipe systems and components, mainly under natural daylight conditions, and also with supplementary laboratory measurements have yielded a wealth of data on the performance of the systems. These data have allowed system losses to be quantified according to ambient lighting conditions and have also enabled a generalised design model to be developed to predict system outputs according to ambient conditions. This model now serves as the basis of design for the tested systems.
Stimulus range bias explains the outcome of preferred-illuminance adjustments
Authors: Fotios SA , Cheal C.
Published: January 2010

Review of previous studies suggests that mean preferred illuminances determined using an adjustment task tend to lie in the middle of the range of illuminances available, a stimulus range bias. This hypothesis was validated through the results of an experimental study. It is therefore suggested that the adjustment task is not an appropriate method for determining optimum illuminances.
Singing across the scars of wrong: Johnny Cash and his struggle for social justice
Authors: Tunnell Kenneth D. , Hamm Mark S.
Published: January 2010

The life and music of Johnny Cash are explored in this article as we detail his commitment to social justice. Situating his politics and biography within a cultural criminology orientation, we show that Cash’s lived politics and edgy music reflect his concerns with the working class, the dispossessed, the rebellious, the American Indian, and above all, the convict. A pusher of social causes, Cash advocated for prison reform through decades of social activism and public and private politics.
Cautionary tales: Drug-facilitated sexual assault in the British media
Authors: Moore Sarah E H
Published: January 2010

This article explores the cultural construction of drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) in the British media. We consider the relationship between media reporting and belief in routine DFSA, and look at the ways in which DFSA is presented and received as a legitimate, plausible, and credible threat. As a media story, DFSA shares certain characteristics of the ‘crime legend’ and the ‘moral panic’, although it is, this article suggests, more appropriately conceived of as a ‘cautionary tale’. The final part of the article outlines the ‘cautionary tale’ as a paradigm for understanding media coverage. It is the victim and potential victim’s behaviour (as opposed to that of a folk devil) that is marginalised in the ‘cautionary tale’, and the threat is frequently represented as both external and internal to the individual, as resulting from an opportunistic attacker and/or one’s own negligent behaviour.
A potent mix: older people, transitions, practice development and research
Authors: Cheek Julianne
Published: January 2010

The discussion to follow reflects on aspects of findings from research spanning more than a decade focusing on the substantive area of transitions in the care and support needs of older people. Rather than being a report of any of the individual research projects per se, some key issues that have emerged in these studies, and what they might mean for aspects of clinical practice development, are discussed. The aim is to encourage us to take time out to think about what otherwise may be assumed or unexplored understandings of aspects of both clinical practice itself, and how to develop that clinical practice with respect to older people and the transitions they undergo. Three areas of reflection form the focus of the paper. They are around creating a dynamic, contextualised and active research programme able to assist clinical development and practice; capturing and working with the complexity that is a transition; and questioning how independent some of the older people living in the community who participated in the research actually are. Implications for how services and supports are thought about and configured are highlighted throughout. Reflecting on research in this way is an essential part of taking time to care, and can assist in the development of thoughtful and optimal clinical practice.
Antibodies specifically target AML antigen NuSAP1 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Wadia Persis P. , Coram Marc , Armstrong Randall J. , Mindrinos Michael , Butte Atul J. , Miklos David B.
Published: January 2010

Identifying the targets of immune response after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) promises to provide relevant immune therapy candidate proteins. We used protein microarrays to serologically identify nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NuSAP1) and chromatin assembly factor 1, subunit B (p60; CHAF1b) as targets of new antibody responses that developed after allogeneic HCT. Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) validated their post-HCT recognition and enabled ELISA testing of 120 other patients with various malignancies who underwent allo-HCT. CHAF1b-specific antibodies were predominantly detected in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), whereas NuSAP1-specific antibodies were exclusively detected in patients with AML 1 year after transplantation (P < .001). Complete genomic exon sequencing failed to identify a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for NuSAP1 and CHAF1b between the donor and recipient cells. Expression profiles and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed NuSAP1 was predominately expressed in the bone marrow CD34+CD90+ hematopoietic stem cells, leukemic cell lines, and B lymphoblasts compared with other tissues or cells. Thus, NuSAP1 is recognized as an immunogenic antigen in 65% of patients with AML following allogeneic HCT and suggests a tumor antigen role.
Ovalbumin-induced plasma interleukin-4 levels are reduced in ceramide kinase-deficient DO11.10 RAG1-/- mice
Authors: Niwa Satoru , Urtz Nicole , Baumruker Thomas , Billich Andreas , Bornancin Frédéric
Published: January 2010

Ceramide kinase (CERK) produces the bioactive lipid ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) and is a key regulator of ceramide and dihydroceramide levels. It is likely that CERK and C1P play a role in inflammatory processes but the cells involved and the mechanisms used remain to be clarified. In particular, the impact of CERK on T-cell biology has not been studied so far. Here, we usedCerk-/-mice backcrossed with DO11.10/RAG1-/-mice to probe the effect of CERK ablation on T-cell activation. Levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and of interferon (INF)-γ were recorded following ovalbumin challenge in vivo and using ovalbumin-treated splenocytes ex- vivo. Absence of CERK led to a significant decrease in the production of IL-4, thus suggesting that CERK may polarize T cells towards the TH2 cell subtype. However, the importance of CERK to TH2 cell biology will have to be investigated further because in a model of asthma, which is TH2-cell driven,Cerk-/-mice responded like wild-type animals.
PREDICT: a new UK prognostic model that predicts survival following surgery for invasive breast cancer
Authors: Wishart Gordon C , Azzato Elizabeth M , Greenberg David C , Rashbass Jem , Kearins Olive , Lawrence Gill , Caldas Carlos , Pharoah Paul DP
Published: January 2010

Introduction

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a prognostication model to predict overall and breast cancer specific survival for women treated for early breast cancer in the UK.

Methods

Using the Eastern Cancer Registration and Information Centre (ECRIC) dataset, information was collated for 5,694 women who had surgery for invasive breast cancer in East Anglia from 1999 to 2003. Breast cancer mortality models for oestrogen receptor (ER) positive and ER negative tumours were derived from these data using Cox proportional hazards, adjusting for prognostic factors and mode of cancer detection (symptomatic versus screen-detected). An external dataset of 5,468 patients from the West Midlands Cancer Intelligence Unit (WMCIU) was used for validation.

Results

Differences in overall actual and predicted mortality were <1% at eight years for ECRIC (18.9% vs. 19.0%) and WMCIU (17.5% vs. 18.3%) with area under receiver-operator-characteristic curves (AUC) of 0.81 and 0.79 respectively. Differences in breast cancer specific actual and predicted mortality were <1% at eight years for ECRIC (12.9% vs. 13.5%) and <1.5% at eight years for WMCIU (12.2% vs. 13.6%) with AUC of 0.84 and 0.82 respectively. Model calibration was good for both ER positive and negative models although the ER positive model provided better discrimination (AUC 0.82) than ER negative (AUC 0.75).

Conclusions

We have developed a prognostication model for early breast cancer based on UK cancer registry data that predicts breast cancer survival following surgery for invasive breast cancer and includes mode of detection for the first time. The model is well calibrated, provides a high degree of discrimination and has been validated in a second UK patient cohort.
The adhesion mediated by the P-selectin P–selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) couple is stronger for shorter PSGL-1 variants
Authors: Barbaux Sandrine , Poirier Odette , Pincet Frédéric , Hermand Patricia , Tiret Laurence , Deterre Philippe
Published: January 2010

Differences in the adhesive properties of natural polymorphic variants of the P-selectin ligand are defined between intact and shorter PSGL variants.

Interactions between P-sel and the PSGL-1 mediate the earliest adhesive events during an inflammatory response. Human PSGL-1 displays a high degree of genetic polymorphism that has been diversely associated with susceptibility to human diseases. In the central part of PSGL-1, a 10-aa motif is repeated 14, 15, or 16 times. Moreover, two mutations, M62I and M274V, are often found giving the most common variant M62–M274 with 16 motifs (M16M) and its variants I62–M274 (I16M). Two other variants exist with 15 repeated motifs (M62–M274; M15M) and with 14 motifs (M62–V274; M14V). We investigated the potential difference in the adhesive properties between these natural variants stably expressed in the HEK cell line by using the BFP technique. Their interactions with P-sel were found to be of catch bond-type, and the dissociation force was primarily dependent on the number of decameric motifs: the shorter the PSGL-1, the larger the bond strength. Finally, we found that the M62I mutation, which is close to the binding site to P-sel, reduced the adhesiveness to P-sel effectively. Collectively, these data shed new light on the polymorphism of PSGL-1 and could help the research on its associations to human pathologies.
Pregnancy Up-Regulates Intestinal Calcium Absorption and Skeletal Mineralization Independently of the Vitamin D Receptor
Authors: Fudge Neva J. , Kovacs Christopher S.
Published: January 2010

Without the vitamin D receptor (VDR), adult mammals develop reduced intestinal calcium absorption, rickets, and osteomalacia. Intestinal calcium absorption normally increases during pregnancy so that the mother can supply sufficient calcium to her fetuses. The maternal skeleton is rapidly resorbed during lactation to provide calcium needed for milk; that lost bone mineral content (BMC) is completely restored after weaning. We studied Vdr null mice to determine whether these adaptations during pregnancy and lactation require the VDR. Vdr nulls were severely rachitic at 10 wk of age on a normal diet. Pregnancy induced a 158% increase in Vdr null BMC to equal the pregnant wild-type (WT) value. Lactation caused BMC losses that were equal in Vdr nulls and WT. Vdr nulls recovered after weaning to a BMC 50% higher than before pregnancy and equal to WT. Additional analyses showed that during pregnancy, duodenal 45Ca absorption increased in Vdr nulls, secondary hyperparathyroidism lessened, bone turnover markers decreased, and osteoid became fully mineralized. A genome-wide microarray analysis of duodenal RNA found marked reduction of Trpv6 in Vdr nulls at baseline but a 13.5-fold increase during pregnancy. Calbindin D-9K (S100g) and Ca2+-ATPase (Pmca1) were not altered by pregnancy. Several other solute transporters increased during pregnancy in Vdr nulls. In summary, Vdr nulls adapt to pregnancy by up-regulating duodenal Trpv6 and intestinal 45Ca absorption, thereby enabling rapid normalization of BMC during pregnancy. These mice lactate normally and fully restore BMC after weaning. Therefore, VDR is not required for the skeletal adaptations during pregnancy, lactation, and after weaning.