bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Performances of Some Tomato Pure Lines under Cold Stress in the Vegetative and Generative Stage
Authors: TEPE Akın , GÖZEN Volkan , KABAŞ Aylin , TOPÇU Volkan , ÇINAR Orçun
Published: May 2022

Especially, in tomatoes occur due to low temperature stress serious yield and quality decreases in greenhouse conditions. For successful tomato cultivation under the cold stress, cultivars performances are extremely important both vegetative and reproductive growth stage. In this study, 20 tomato pure lines and 3 commercial cultivars (Cigdem F1, Anit F1 and Bestona F1) and also Solanum hirsutum (LA 1777) known as tolerant genotypes were evaluated at vegetative and reproductive stage. The studies were conducted under both the cold stress in growth chamber and the optimal temperature condition (control) in the greenhouse. They were evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL) and dry matter yield (DM) at vegetative stage. The results showed that EL rate and MDA content increased while DM decreased under the cold stress when compared with leaves of plants grown at optimal temperature. In reproductive stage, pollen viability and pollen germination were evaluated under both cold stress and control conditions for all genotypes. All the sensitive genotypes exhibited low pollen viability and pollen germination. Consequently, three pure lines were identified with low-temperature tolerant in vegetative and reproductive growth stage.
[RETRACTED] Shark TankReviews Benefits,Ingredients,side effects and Is it legitor Does it Really Work [HOAX OR SCAM]{Update 2022}-, What To Know Before Using It?? v1
Authors: not provided kkk
Published: May 2022

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Steve Harvey CBD Gummies
Protocol: MHC class I and dengue hemorrhagic fever: a systematic review of HLA-A*24 and HLA-B*44 v2
Authors: C Cook Andrew
Published: May 2022

This project will examine the effect of two MHC class I alleles, HLA-A*24 and HLA-B*44 on dengue hemorrhagic fever susceptibility. A systematic review will be conducted comparing the HLA-A*24 and HLA-B*44 via subgroup analysis and generation of forest plots.
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Authors: not provided asns
Published: May 2022

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Authors: not provided kkk
Published: May 2022

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Published: May 2022

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Authors: Harvey CBD Gummies Steve
Published: May 2022

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Authors: not provided asns
Published: May 2022

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[RETRACTED] Natures One CBD Gummies: Is It 100% Effective and Proven Formula? v1
Authors: H H
Published: May 2022

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Authors: not provided cbfadd
Published: May 2022

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Proto 1 v1
Authors: not provided mark
Published: May 2022

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Authors: H H
Published: May 2022

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Authors: H Tzachi
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Authors: not provided cbfadd
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[RETRACTED] Cardio Defend v1
Authors: A G
Published: May 2022

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key to making the ketogenic diet work is by simply “tricking” your body into achieving ketosis
Yurii Shumovskyi’s Local Lore Research in Volhynia as a Manifestation of Scientific Research of Ethnographic Heritage of the Ukrainian People
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Yaremchuk Valentyna
Published: May 2022

The research into the history of the development of the historical local lore in Ukraine at the beginning of the XX century is important because it was then that due to the efforts of many representatives of the Volhynian intelligentsia on the territory of the Western Volhynia occupied by Poland in 1919–1939 that the local lore movement began. Yurii Shumovskyi (1908–2003) was one of the mentioned representatives of the Volhynian intelligentsia. He was a scientist, a priest, an archaeologist, and an ethnographer. During his studies at the University of Warsaw, he was delegated by the Polish Archaeological Museum to the territory of Dubno County to study archaeological sites. The relevance of the research topic is that the currently existing knowledge does not provide complete information about the role and contribution of Yurii Shumovskyi into the development of the historical local lore of the above stated period. The purpose of the article is to characterize the scientist’s contribution into the development of the historical local lore in Volhynia, outlining the results of Shumovskyi’s search for the ethnographic heritage of the Ukrainian people. The article explores and discusses the contribution of Yu. Shumovskyi into the development of the historical local lore that lay in deepening knowledge of Ukrainians as regards the ancient past of historical Volhynia. Moreover, it assesses the scientist’s actions aimed at promoting the preservation of historical cultural monuments through publishing the materials covering local history research. In addition, the methodical recommendations provided by the scientist concerning the discovery and preservation of historical and archaeological monuments on the territory of Volhynia (guidelines as regards methods of work near them, their classification and description) are considered in detail. The study of roadside crosses is presented separately (history of their distribution, features of veneration, meaning and belief). The article also discusses the scientist’s reconstruction of the description of the history of the Volhynian region which includes: characteristics of the gradual cultural development of this area together with the information on the economy, crafts (pottery), methods of trade; coverage of rituals (ancestral worship), features of traditional clothing and jewelry, diet and the spread of diseases among ancient Ukrainians. Based on the results of the study, it has been established that Yurii Shumovskyi’s local history activities stimulated the study of the history of his native land among the local population, which contributed to the awareness of Ukrainians of the need for unity in the struggle for national liberation.
Systematization and Analysis of Works Dedicated to Research of Ukrainian Ethnic Boundaries
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Fomin Denys
Published: May 2022

The article attempts to systematize and analyze scientific works devoted to the study of the Ukrainian ethnic boundaries. It is worth noting that the study of the Ukrainian ethnic boundaries is one of the most debatable today, because shortly after the formation of the first concepts of ethnogenesis of Ukrainians historiographical generalizations of this problem began to form, which were built mainly in the forms of criticism of views of different historiographical schools on the settlement of Ukrainian people. Today, one of the most acute problems in the study of Ukrainian ethnic boundaries is the systematization and analysis of historiographical achievements of scholars. It has become one of the most complex and controversial in domestic scientific and historical thought. Although the problem of the origin of the Ukrainian ethnos and the early stages of the ethnogenesis of the Ukrainian nation has been actively studied by various researchers for more than a century and a half, this issue needs further elaboration. But why is the issue of resettlement of the Ukrainian ethnic group and analysis of scientific works devoted to this issue gaining its peak right now? Currently, the study and analysis of this topic is extremely important, because due to the fruitful study and comprehensive analysis of the problem of resettlement of the Ukrainian nation, the future generation will form a clearer understanding of the sources of Ukrainian ethnogenesis, traditions and customs, cultural identification, national traits, patriotism, representation of Ukrainian nation in the world historical and political arena, etc. After the proclamation of Independence of Ukraine, there was a need in society to search for historical sources of national identity. This led to the active emergence of new or popularization of existing ethnogenetic concepts. Most of them fall under the concept of quasi-scientific because of their doubts about the original sources and a fairly free interpretation of historical phenomena and events. The West and the East of Ukraine are characterized by completely opposite attitudes to the same events and historical figures. Public authorities need to pay close attention to the development of a national idea, the search for national symbols and leaders. The article reveals the problems of systematization of scientific works devoted to the study of the Ukrainian ethnic boundaries, as well as analyzes the ethnic components of the formation of Ukrainian culture.
Policy of the Russian Occupational Authorities Regarding the Crimean Tatars
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Latysh Yurii , Faranosova Mariia
Published: May 2022

The article based on a wide source base (official materials of authorities, human rights organizations, statements and interviews of politicians and public figures, representatives of the Crimean Tatar movement, eyewitness testimonies, analytical and informational publications in the media) conducted a comprehensive analysis of Russia’s policy towards the Crimean Tatar people. The actions of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People in defense of Ukraine’s territorial integrity during the meeting on February 26, 2014 were analyzed. The position of Crimean Tatar political and public organizations on the illegal referendum on March 16, 2014 and Russia’s capture of Crimea was highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the Russian authorities and the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, which included three periods: the confrontation in late February – March 2014 (peaceful protests, boycott of an illegal referendum), the search for compromise in late March – May 2014 (when the Majlis delegated its representatives to the leadership of the «government» and «parliament» of Crimea, controlled by Russia); since May 2014, when the Russian authorities failed to bring the Mejlis under their control and set a course to ban it and persecute leaders. The facts of collaboration of the Crimean Tatars, which, however, did not become widespread, were also considered. Attempts by the Russian authorities to establish relations with the Crimean Tatars are analyzed: rehabilitation of deported nations, preservation of the high status of the Crimean Tatar language, involvement of certain representatives of the Crimean Tatars in the occupation administration. The principles of the state policy of Ukraine and Russia regarding the Crimean Tatars are compared, the fact is emphasized that Ukraine, unlike Russia, recognizes them as the indigenous people of Crimea. The main forms of repressive policy against Crimean Tatars are considered: abduction and persecution of activists, liquidation of opposition media, restriction of freedom of peaceful assembly, violation of the right to freedom of association, imprisonment and deportation of leaders of Crimean Tatar organizations.
Transformation of perceptions of COVID-19 and attitude to quarantine measures in the student environment based on survey materials
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kryshtopa Mariia
Published: May 2022

The article describes the transformation of perceptions of COVID-19 and attitudes towards quarantine measures based on a survey conducted among 15 respondents aged 21–23 who are students of higher education institutions. The sample consists of 15 people who answered questions about the main problems related to the implementation of quarantine measures in the country, the regime of self-isolation, the transition of part of the population to distance work and study, and highlighted people’s perceptions of security measures to prevent the spread of the disease. Currently, the problem of the spread of COVID-19 in the country is urgent, which resulted in the introduction of strict quarantine measures in March and their gradual easing in the fall. For a long time there has been a change in the perception of the disease itself, which was new and unexplored in the winter of 2020, a change in attitudes to radical measures to implement strict quarantine restrictions, as well as adaptation or rejection of a new lifestyle in distance work and education. However, due to changing circumstances in everyday life, a polar perception of reality is formed, respectively, quarantine and self-isolation, which have become an important measure of security for some time. The weakening of quarantine measures has helped to partially restore normal life, but has led to an increase in the number of infected people, which in turn forces the government to resort to new measures, the strategy of which may not be in the interests of all social groups. During the study, students of higher education institutions were interviewed, who expressed their views on the issues raised under the theme. The answers have a lot in common: impressions, feelings of self-isolation, remote form of work and education, as well as summary conclusions about the positive and negative sides of quarantine. The results of the research show a mixed perception of the measures proposed by the government to combat the spread of COVID-19, as well as a negative attitude towards those who violate safety standards, neglecting the lives and health of others, ways to adapt to new lifestyles with modern technology
US popular culture in the mirror of video game industry conventions
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Pilkevych Andrii
Published: May 2022

Video game culture is one of the most dynamically developed forms of modern popular culture. Over the past 10 years, the number of communities that represent certain areas has grown rapidly. Being in direct connection with film industry, literature and music the video game culture has occupied a new segment that requires detailed research. New opportunities of online communication have transformed the traditional understanding of gaming culture. Social segment identifies as gamers. This kind of culture can be used to spread a social message using human interactions. It should be noted that in a comprehensive sense, this problem covers the interaction with computer and algorithm art, artmedia, demoscene, cybernetic and digital art, evolutionary and generative art, new media, systems art and other areas which are represented in PC, VR, Console, Handheld, Tabletop. Communities of gamers, as well as game developers have created and promoting quite recognizable festivals and conventions which are described in this article. Games and game-related merchandise by Sony Interactive Entertainment – PlayStation Experience; BlizzCon by Blizzard Entertainment with their major franchises: Overwatch, Warcraft, StarCraft, Heroes of the Storm et al; general video gaming and video game streaming – TwitchCon convention; RTX conventions by Rooster Teeth; Penny Arcade Expo as gaming culture festivals with their PAX Arena, LAN Party, eSports tournament and Omegathon. This article does not describe the US comic con conventions that carry much more content than the focus on video games, such as San Diego Comic-Con International, New York Comic Con et al. Gamers have developed specific communication languages and rituals, they spread their culture on gaming conventions and discussion websites that create a distinct virtual space. An important part of video game culture is the activity of gamers on YouTube, gaming channels are very popular, this is confirmed by millions of subscribers. Post-dynamic structure of changes was formed in all streams of public life during the growth of the pandemic. COVID-19 is accelerating existing trends and indicate future transformations in the video game industry.
New Study on Education Reform in Ukraine Review of the collective monograph «Higher education in Ukraine in the context of civilizational changes and challenges: state, problems, prospects for development (edited by G. I. Kalinicheva). Kyiv: Phoenix, 2020. – 400 p.»
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kapeliushnyi Valerii
Published: May 2022

The author reviewed the collective monograph «Higher education in Ukraine in the context of civilizational changes and challenges: state, problems, prospects for development». It is noted that the author’s team managed to draw the main idea: Ukraine has the staff, resources, opportunities to adequately, decently, professionally respond to the challenges of civilization and offer its own, nationally oriented trajectory of modernization of the education system to train competitive professionals. It is concluded that the peer-reviewed monograph is multifaceted, encourages further research, determines the activation of creative thinking of its readers.
About the Origin of Ukrainians (people who lived in the historic lands of Ukraine)
Authors:   State Ecological Academy of Postgraduate Education and Management of the Ministry of Energy and Environmental Protection of Ukraine, Hetman Volodymyr
Published: May 2022

The article analyzes in detail the problematic issues of the origin of the Ukrainian ethnic group, reveals almost two hundred years of history of their study. Once again, the raised problem testifies to its relevance for today’s Ukraine and its people, when once again in Ukrainian history there was a question of the fragility of state independence, and even the loss of not only sovereignty but also national identity of the ancient Ukrainian people. The author traced (to the extent allowed by the framework of the article) during the evolutionary (historical) path (development of life) of the inhabitants of Ukraine the duration (continuity) of ethnogenetic processes that took place in its modern territorial boundaries. The question of the autochthony of the Ukrainian people in their native land was raised. Such consideration could not bypass the neighboring territories of Ukraine, where we lived, where we came from and where our ancient ancestors migrated. The modern ethnic genome (root) of Ukrainians is derived on the basis of written sources and features (physical anthropological type, dialects, clothing, etc.) of peoples (tribes, ethnic groups, nationalities) who lived more or less long within the territorial boundaries of modern Ukraine. However, the author takes the historical memory of the people about their original territories and their inhabitants (ancestors) as the defining ethnic feature that distinguishes one ethnic group from another (for the Ukrainian people, in particular), this idealistic Spirit of the earth, which provides (should provide) it the population’s vitality and will to fight for their Ukrainian State. In order to solve the problematic issues raised in the article, the author once again calls for (offers) a cross-cutting (evolutionary) approach, connecting the potential heuristic capabilities of a whole cohort of related sciences (humanities and beyond), fanatically in love with scientists, young and venerable scientists.
La agenda de la inclusión financiera en las políticas públicas de la alianza Cambiemos (2015-2019)
Authors: Nougues Tomás
Published: May 2022

El artículo estudia el viraje hacia la inclusión financiera de las políticas públicas durante la gestión de Cambiemos. Presenta un análisis del proceso de institucionalización de la agenda de inclusión financiera como un objetivo estratégico de gobierno, dando cuenta tanto de las medidas y políticas implementadas como de las transformaciones institucionales efectuadas. Reponiendo el marco general del viraje, el artículo indaga en las estrategias y planes transversales diseñados por el Gobierno Nacional y su rol en el alineamiento de las políticas sociales y asistenciales con la agenda de la inclusión financiera.
Civil Society Principles of Prophetic Era (622-632 AD): A Solution for Creating Harmonious Society in Indonesia
Authors: Muquita Namira Risqi Putri , Ghafari Muhammad Irsyad Abiyusfi
Published: May 2022

In the 13th years of prophecy, Prophet Muhammad PBUH along with 75 followers of him went to Yastrib, later turned to Medina City. The people of Yastrib who yearned for wise leader than asked Prophet Muhammad SAW to became their leader. Later, Prophet Muhammad PBUH established The Medina Charter which became the legal foundation for the governance in Yastrib. The Medina Charter confirmed the principles of the community such as tolerance, brotherhood, amr ma’ruf nahi munkar, equality, discussion, justice and balance. These principles became basic foundation in term of government and social affairs. This concept of civil society which built by Prophet Muhammad PBUH was relevant to the Indonesian society of which plural and grounded by kinship and mutual cooperation. The concept of civil society could make harmonious society in Indonesia and eliminated various irregularities and chaos within the governance or society. This could be done by SWOT analysis through minimalized the weaknesses and threats along with maximalized strengths and opportunities within Indonesian society.
Reconstructing the Integration between Islam and Wasathiyyah Based Social Science: An Epistemological Approach
Authors: Baidhawy Zakiyuddin
Published: May 2022

Abstract This article is aimed to build bridge between Islamic Science and Modern Western Social Science and offer a wasathiyyah (moderate/median) oriented Social Science building from epistemological point of view. Through philosophical approach, this article suggests that in order to develop integrative social science, philosophers and Muslim scholars must incrementally and systematically formulate comprehensive integrative theory building which includes metatheoretical understanding imperative as the foundation or grand theme of the systematization of social theories. This study identifies that the gap in current modern social science is caused by the micro extremism approach and methodological individualism. Here is the importance and relevance of wasathiyyah (moderate/median) as principle of balance (tawazun) between individual and societal claim in the social life of Muslims. Through this proposal, prophetic paradigm putting forward balance/moderation (wasathiyyah) in developing the framework of integrative Islamic Social Science finds clearer orientation and direction. The next step is to derivate them into social theories and their practical forms.
Characteristics of Hadith Studies in the Era of Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Pahrudin Ade
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the characteristics of hadith studies in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study indicates that the study of hadith in Indonesia in particular and the study of Islamic studies, in general, are currently leading to digital scientific studies and development. The pandemic situation in the last two years that has changed the pattern of life from traditional to digital has further strengthened digitalization in Islamic science, especially the study of hadith. Thematic studies of hadith still dominate hadith studies during the pandemic. Hadith researchers have shifted from the tendency to write about studies on the development of Indonesian hadith towards studies related to the Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of hadith as a form of sensitivity and concern for pandemic conditions in Indonesia. Four hadith thematic study articles respond to the current pandemic situation. This research is qualitative-descriptive-analytic by making scientific e-articles about hadith on the Moraref portal as the object of study.
Wahdat Al-Syuhud : Ahmad Sirhindi's Criticism on The Concept of Wahdat Al-Wujud Ibn 'Arabi
Authors: Firdaus Muhammad Anang , Sahib Rahmawansyah
Published: May 2022

This paper presents Sirhindi's criticism of the concept of Wahdat al-wujudIbn 'Arabi which is called Wahdatsyuhud. Comparing these two concepts will encounter obstacles, because the basis of thinking of Sufism for the two Sufis is different, IbnArabi emphasizes philosophical Sufism and Sirhindi emphasizes Sunni Sufism. However, the thoughts of both can be compared by presenting reasoning arguments that support constructing the two concepts as they are. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative, bibliographic data collection methods and data analysis uses comparative critical analysis with content analysis techniques. The results showed that Ibn 'Arabi in the doctrine of Wahdah al-wujud believes that the state of union with God is the peak stage and the highest point of attainment of a Sufi, tawhid - when understood in the sense of union with God - is the highest stage of Sufi life. However, Sirhindi sees tauhid - in the same sense - only as one of the suluk stages of a Sufi. The final stage is servitude and the final truth is difference. A different state after union which is completely different from that of pre-union is the highest state in the life of Sufism. The implementation of the research shows that intellectual dynamics is a characteristic of Muslim life, including the field of Sufism. Constructive discourse dialectics like this must be developed so as to enrich the treasures of Sufism in contemporary times.
The Role of Islamic Universities in the Harmony of the Madhhab (Resolution of the Aswaja and Wahabism Conflicts in Aceh)
Authors: Juwaini Juwaini , Yasin Taslim HM. , Anzaikhan M.
Published: May 2022

The friction between madhhabs in Aceh, especially between the Ahlisunnah Wal Jamaah (Aswaja) and Wahabi have become increasingly sharp in recent decades. Religious tolerance in Aceh has suffered a setback with the existence of various religious incidents such as the expulsion of preachers, seizure of mosque control, burning of mosque foundations. The Aswaja party is dominated by ulama Dayah (Islamic school scholars) and their followers, while the Wahabi party is aimed at campus Islamic scholars, especially those with Middle Eastern backgrounds. In response to these findings, PTAI (Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam/Islamic Higher Education) in Aceh offered various solutions. UIN Ar-Raniry seeks to bring together Ulama Dayah and campus scholars to carry out dialogue and consensus. IAIN Langsa prefers not to be involved in the Aswaja and Wahabi conflicts because they consider the friction of madhhab in Aceh is not purely a religious issue, but rather a political one. STAIN Dirundeng Meulaboh is more inclined to the Aswaja and so is the Al-Muslim Bireuen Campus considering having leaders from the Muhammadiyah circle.
Social-Harmony within Aceh Society: An Analysis towards Religious Tolerance of Muslim and Non-Muslim Communities in Banda Aceh
Authors: Inayatillah Inayatillah
Published: May 2022

This paper examines how social harmonization can be realized in Aceh since the independence of the Republic of Indonesia until now. The people of Aceh are a pluralistic society, although the majority are Muslim, the problem of conflict between religious communities is rare. Even after the province implemented Islamic Sharia, inter-religious harmony remained closely intertwined. Therefore, there is a need for a study that looks at the social harmonization aspects of religious tolerance, especially in daily behavior terms of Muslim and non-Muslim communities in Banda Aceh city. This paper shows that religious tolerance in Aceh is running as it has in other provinces even though the province has been designated as an area that implements Islamic Shari'a. This can be seen from the interactions that exist between Muslims and non-Muslims in various community activities. Based on the author's observations and experiences, it shows that the religious harmony of the Acehnese people is very deep. Some of the authors' findings in looking at the depth of tolerance include that non-Muslims can live side by side and gain freedom in carrying out their religious life. In addition, between them also established business interactions, cooperation, and involvement in socio-political life. In addition, the active role of non-Muslim communities through the association has strengthened this harmony. Non-Muslims in Aceh have developed mutual respect and compassion through social activities.
The Battle of Ideology: Seeking the Strategy for Indoctrinating Pancasila for Those Who Are Anti-Pancasila
Authors: Munajat Munajat
Published: May 2022

The present article aims to explore the strategy of indoctrinating Indonesian state ideology, Pancasila, towards the anti-Pancasila groups. The data is primarily based on the combination of primary data from the interview with the guardians of terrorists from eight prisons in Indonesia and secondary data from the open-source internet data. The study finds that the strategy for indoctrinating the Pancasila ideology must consider classifying people’s level of disagreement with the Pancasila ideology, namely: supporter, follower, and militant. Supporters are those who are anti-Pancasila without having any plausible reasons. Therefore, the key to the problem lies in the socialization of Pancasila, which includes the educational and cultural approaches. Followers are anti-Pancasila and have reasons not to like Pancasila but do not show it to the public. Therefore, the key to solving the problem is not only the socialization of Pancasila but also the deconstruction of their understanding of Pancasila. The anti-Pancasila militants have reasons not to like Pancasila and actively promote and oppose Pancasila. The key to responding to it is combining hard and soft approaches in indoctrinating Pancasila.
Receptor GPR18 – budowa, funkcja i rola w fizjologii i patofizjologii
Authors: Jurkiewicz Michalina , Steć Greta , Szczepaniak Adrian , Fichna Jakub , Zielińska Marta
Published: May 2022

Receptory sprzężone z białkiem G stanowią największą rodzinę receptorów błonowych i biorą udział w licznych procesach utrzymujących homeostazę organizmu. Część tych receptorów nadal jest zaliczana do receptorów sierocych, ponieważ  ich funkcja i endogenne ligandy nie są dokładnie poznane.  Przez długi czas receptor GPR18 był zaliczany do tej grupy, a niedawno został sklasyfikowany jako receptor endokannabinoidowy, ponieważ wykazano jego powinowactwo do ligandów kannabinoidowych. Ekspresja receptora GPR18 została wykazana m.in. w mózgowiu, tarczycy, leukocytach krwi obwodowej, płucach oraz jądrach. Udowodniono jego rolę w regulacji ciśnienia śródgałkowego, neuroimmunomodulacji, regulacji ciśnienia tętniczego oraz w zaburzeniach metabolicznych. W niniejszym artykule podsumowujemy aktualny stan wiedzy dotyczącej receptora GPR18 - jego ekspresji w organizmie, ligandów oraz roli w procesach fizjologicznych, jak i patofizjologii.
Molekularne mechanizmy dystrofii mięśniowej Duchenne’a i nowe możliwości terapeutyczne
Authors: Podkalicka Paulina , Myszka Małgorzata , Dulak Józef , Łoboda Agnieszka
Published: May 2022

Dystrofia mięśniowa Duchenne’a (DMD) to choroba genetyczna sprzężona z chromosomem X, dotykająca w przybliżeniu 1 na 5000 urodzonych chłopców. Jest spowodowana mutacjami w genie DMD kodującym dystrofinę, która odpowiada za stabilność mechaniczną mięśni podczas skurczu. Jej brak prowadzi do postępującego osłabienia mięśni i przedwczesnej śmierci chorych w wyniku niewydolności sercowo-oddechowej. W ostatnich latach opracowano wiele eksperymentalnych terapii, których celem jest przywrócenie funkcjonalnej dystrofiny lub przeciwdziałanie procesom przyczyniającym się do postępu choroby, takim jak zapalenie czy zwłóknienie. Pomimo tego DMD wciąż pozostaje chorobą nieuleczalną, a glikokortykoidy, wykazujące wiele działań niepożądanych, nadal stanowią „złoty standard” leczenia. Aktualne jest zatem opracowywanie innowacyjnych możliwości terapeutycznych, które przynajmniej złagodzą objawy DMD. Wśród nich na uwagę zasługuje celowanie w określone mikroRNA (miR), np. miR-378a, przywrócenie prawidłowej angiogenezy oraz wykorzystanie cytoprotekcyjnych czynników takich jak oksygenaza hemowa-1 (HO-1) czy siarkowodór (H2S). W niniejszej pracy omówiono zarówno patologię choroby jak i wspomniane, nowe możliwości terapeutyczne w DMD.
Epigenetyka na Ziemi i w kosmosie
Authors: Korczmar Emilia , Belter Aga , Naskręt-Barciszewska Mirosława Z. , Jurga Stefan , Barciszewski Jan
Published: May 2022

Lata 60. XX wieku odznaczyły się przełomowymi dokonaniami naukowymi. Po raz pierwszy wyizolowano informacyjny RNA oraz rozszyfrowano kod genetyczny, co zainicjowało rozwój biologii molekularnej. Pierwszy spacer człowieka na Księżycu rozpoczął nową erę w nauce o kosmosie. Po 60 latach od tamtych wydarzeń, możemy połączyć wiedzę z obu dziedzin w celu pełniejszego zrozumienia zmian zachodzących w organizmie w przestrzeni kosmicznej. Z tej okazji wspominamy narodziny epigenetyki - nauki o zmianach funkcji genów, które nie wynikają ze zmian w sekwencji DNA, lecz są związane ze środowiskiem. Podsumowujemy wyniki badania NASA z udziałem bliźniąt jednojajowych, ukazującego wpływ długoterminowej misji kosmicznej na organizm człowieka. Przedstawiamy rolę stresu oksydacyjnego, którego wzrost zaobserwowano w przestrzeni kosmicznej, a który leży u postaw licznych chorób i procesu starzenia się. Badania zmian epigenetycznych na Ziemi i w kosmosie mogą pomóc nam lepiej zrozumieć rolę czynników środowiska w procesach chorobotwórczych.
Efektywne szczepionki śluzówkowe – możliwości i wyzwania
Authors: Razim Agnieszka , Górska Sabina , Myc Andrzej
Published: May 2022

Większość patogenów wnika do organizmu poprzez powierzchnie błon śluzowych np. nosa czy jelit. Odpowiedź immunologiczna błony śluzowej jest istotna w skutecznym eliminowaniu wnikających patogenów. Niestety, większość szczepionek podawana jest domięśniowo, w postaci iniekcji i nie indukuje odpowiedniej ochronnej odpowiedzi immunologicznej na błonach śluzowych. Przykładowo, po iniekcji domięśniowej poziom wydzielniczych przeciwciał klasy IgA jest niski i często niewystarczający aby skutecznie zwalczyć patogen. Natomiast odporność wzbudzana na błonie śluzowej wywołuje długotrwały efekt w postaci lokalnej oraz ogólnoustrojowej odpowiedzi na patogen. Co więcej, podanie takich szczepionek nie generuje groźnych odpadów medycznych a ich aplikacja nie wymaga obecności wykwalifikowanego personelu medycznego. W związku z tym trwają intensywne badania nad szczepionkami podawanymi drogą dośluzówkową. Przeszkodą w rozwoju szczepionek śluzówkowych są naturalne mechanizmy obronne śluzówki, których przezwyciężenie wymaga zastosowania wyspecjalizowanych adiuwantów. Obecnie na rynku brak jest takich formulacji.
Charakterystyka rybosomów polimorficznych pod względem rRNA
Authors: Czarnocka-Cieciura Agnieszka
Published: May 2022

Przez długi czas rybosomy postrzegano jako niezróżnicowane kompleksy tworzone przez cząsteczki RNA i białka, których jedynym zadaniem było przeprowadzanie procesu translacji. Badania prowadzone na przestrzeni ostatnich kilku lat pokazały zupełnie nowe oblicze tych skomplikowanych maszyn molekularnych. Rybosomy mogą wybierać cząsteczki mRNA, które będą podlegały translacji, wpływając w ten sposób na kształt proteomu. Opisano rybosomy zróżnicowane pod względem składu białkowego i sekwencji rRNA, których populacje są zaangażowane w odpowiedź na stres, wirulencję i antybiotykowrażliwość. W tej pracy przedstawiono opisane i potencjalne funkcje rybosomów zawierających polimorfizmy w cząsteczkach rRNA, oraz czynniki ograniczające rozwój badań w tej dziedzinie.
The most effective sexual function and dysfunction interventions in individuals with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Afshar Bahare , Amini Leila , Hasani Maryam , Jahanfar Shayesteh , Massood Nabavi Seyed
Published: May 2022

Background: Sexual dysfunction has many factors in multiple sclerosis, but there is no reliable treatment for this challenge.
Objective: Determining effective sexual function or dysfunction interventions in individuals with multiple sclerosis.
Materials and Methods: To find the relevant published interventional studies that at least had an English abstract or in Persian, we searched International Statistical Institute, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar from January 1990 to June 2021. The results were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. The p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Out of 568 articles, 41 were included after deleting the duplicate and irrelevant articles. Studies were divided into 2 groups of sexual function (n = 27) and dysfunction (n = 14). Interventions in each category have 4 subgroups: psychoeducational, exercise and rehabilitation, and medical and multi-type interventions. For improving sexual function, more than half of psychoeducational interventions showed a significant improvement after interventions (p = 0.0003). In sexual dysfunction studies, most of the interventions (n = 13/14) had improved at least one subscale of sexual dysfunction. Medical interventions were effective on men’s sexual dysfunction, and psychoeducational interventions had been more effective in women’s sexual dysfunction.
Conclusion: Psychoeducational and medical interventions are the commonest effective interventions. The psychoeducational studies conducted specifically on women had a positive impact, and only 4 articles with medical interventions were specifically targeted at men, which had a positive effect.
Key words: Clinical trial, Multiple sclerosis, Sexual dysfunction, Systematic review.
The effects of psychological interventions on menopausal hot flashes: A systematic review
Authors: Samami Elahe , Shahhosseini Zohreh , Elyasi Forouzan
Published: May 2022

Background: Menopause is a normal physiological phenomenon, closely identified with a great deal of physical-psychological symptoms, including hot flashes (HFs) with a prevalence rate of 20-80%. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have been thus far practiced to reduce this common symptom of the menopausal transition.
Objective: This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effects of psychological interventions on menopausal HFs.
Materials and Methods: In this review, the databases of Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, and Scientific Information Database were searched applying the Boolean searching operators as well as the keywords of ‘hot flashes’, ‘menopause’, ‘psychological intervention’, and ‘vasomotor symptoms’. Accordingly, a total number of 20,847 articles published from January 2000 to June 2019 were retrieved. After excluding the duplicate and irrelevant ones, the risk of bias of 19 clinical or quasi-experimental clinical trials was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration tool.
Results: The interventions implemented in the studies on menopausal HFs included cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, hypnotherapy, and relaxation techniques. All of the articles reported improvements in HFs in postmenopausal women, except for 4 studies.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this systematic review, psychological interventions, especially cognitive behavioral therapy and relaxation techniques, are potentially effective for vasomotor symptoms and HFs in healthy postmenopausal women, although the quality of published research on this topic is sometimes questionable.
Key words: Menopause, Climacteric, Hot flashes, Psychology.
Lysophosphatidic acid supports the development of vitrified ovarian follicles by decreasing the incidence of cell death: An experimental study
Authors: Abedpour Neda , Ghorbanmehr Nassim , Salehnia Mojdeh
Published: May 2022

Background: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) contributes to follicular activation, oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization, and embryo implantation.
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of LPA to improve the development of isolated follicles derived from whole mouse cultured vitrified ovaries.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, first, the one-week-old mouse ovaries in the non-vitrified and vitrified groups were cultured in the presence of 20 μM of LPA for one wk. Then, their isolated preantral follicles were cultured individually for 12 days in the presence or absence of 40 μM of LPA. The following evaluations were done for the cultured follicles: a viability test using Calcein AM staining, flow cytometry using annexin V/Pi, and analysis of the expression of genes by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The maturation rates of the oocytes were compared among groups and some of the released metaphase II oocytes were subjected to in vitro fertilization.
Results: In all LPA treated groups, the rates of survival and follicular development were higher, and the incidence of cell death and expression of pro-apoptotic genes were lower, than in the non-LPA supplemented groups (p = 0.035). There was no significant difference between the vitrified and non-vitrified groups regarding follicular or oocyte development, but the expression of Bad and LPA receptors genes was significantly altered in the vitrified LPA supplemented group in comparison with the non-vitrified LPA supplemented group (p = 0.028).
Conclusion: LPA improved the survival and developmental potential of the isolated follicles. Despite some alterations in the expression of apoptosis-related genes in the vitrified ovaries. LPA had positive effects on the survival and development of these follicles.
Key words: Cell death, In vitro oocyte maturation, Lysophosphatidic acid, Lysophosphatidic acid receptors, Ovarian follicles, Vitrification.