bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF SURFACE IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN PSEUDOLYMPHOMA OF THE LUNG — REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: Machinami Rikuo , Morita Toyohiko
Published: January 2009

A case of pseudolymphoma of the lung was studied by light, electron, and immunoelectron microscopy. The tumor consisted predominantly of small lymphoid cells with a few germinal centers. Both light and dark cells were found by electron microscopy. While the dark cells contained abundant free ribosomes, lysosome‐like electron dense bodies were more prominent in the light cells. The proportion of surface stalnlng positive pseudolymphoma cells for IgG, IgM, and IgA was high (each about 80%) compared with control spleen cell suspensions by immunoelectron microscopy. But the serum levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA were normal. It is discussed that the polyclonal presence of surface immunoglobulins does not necessarily support the benign nature of the disease. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 547–556, 1977.
VACUOLATED MENINGIOMA
Authors: Eimoto Tadaaki , Hashimoto Keisuke
Published: January 2009

Two unusual cases of meningioma with extensive vacuolization have been studied by light and electron microscopy. There were two kinds of vacuoles in the tumor cells which had the characteristic ultrastructure of meningioma as well. The smaller intracytoplasmic vacuoles were lipid droplets, while the larger, more prominent vacuoles were found to be extracellular spaces probably containing plasmatic fluid. The tumor cells were very much stellate with extremely thin and long cytoplasmic processes having desmosome junctions and forming cavernous intercellular spaces, some of which contained collagen fibers and fibrils. Although the xanthomatous change has been well known, the latter features provide a reasonable interpretation for the histology of the present tumors and fat‐negative vacuoles in the ordinary meningiomas. The picture may be recapitulation of the subarachnoid structure. Furthermore, recognition of this type of meningioma is practically important especially in frozen section diagnosis not to misinterpret the tumor as liposarcoma, chordoma or metastatic adenocarci‐noma. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 557–566, 1977.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THYROID MEDULLARY CARCINOMA
Authors: Kakudo Kennichi , Miyauchi Akira , Katayama Shoichi
Published: January 2009

This study deals with 11 cases of thyroid medullary carcinoma of which 7 were familial cases including 3 cases of Sipple's syndrome and 4 cases of sporadic cases. There were also 2 cases of Cushing's syndrome. In addition to the previously described English literatures about human medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, the rod‐shaped body with cristae and an abundant glycogen particles in the cytoplasm, nuclear inclusion bodies of cytoplasmic invagination and microvilli at the surface membrane of gland formation were found in our cases. The mean and mode diameters of secretory granules of all familial cases with only calcitonin secretion were larger than those of the sporadic cases with ectopic AGTH and beta‐MSH in addition to calcitonin secretion. Ultrastructural study on non‐cancerous follicles of grossly normal thyroid of two cases of early familial medullary carcinoma disclosed apparently increased C‐cells which were not intrathyroidal metastases. It is supposed that the increased C‐cells in the thyroid of the familial cases are multicentric C‐cell hyperplasia. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 605˜622, 1977.
HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ACTH AND FLAVIN ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ON THE RAT ADRENAL CORTEX ATROPHIED BY HYPOPHYSECTOMY
Authors: Koizuka Shinji
Published: January 2009

The present study describes the morphological changes in the adrenals of hypophysectomized rats injected 0.03 mg of ACTH and/or 10 mg of FAD intraperitoneally for 5 successive days starting 24 hrs after the operation. The administration of only FAD to intact or hypophysectomized rats showed no morphological change in the adrenal cortex. Simultaneous administration of FAD and ACTH to the hypophysectomized rats is more effective for preventing the atrophy induced than the administration of only ACTH. In these animals, similar morphological observations to those in the control, such as the increased nuclear volume, an increase of clear cells, diminuted numbers of lipid droplets and frequent occurrence of various types of granules, were obtained. FAD seems to be effective, through coexisting with ACTH, for preventing atrophy of the adrenals induced by hypophysectomy. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 623˜635, 1977.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ACTH AND FLAVIN ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ON ADRENOCORTICAL ATROPHY OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RAT
Authors: Koizuka Shinji
Published: January 2009

Electron microscopic observation was made on the outer fasciculata cells in the adrenal cortex of hypophysectomized rats receiving 10 nag of FAD and/ or 0.3 mg of ACTH intraperitoneally once a day for 5 consecutive days from 24 hours after hypophysectomy.

The simultaneous administration of FAD and ACTH to the hypophysectomized rat was more effective for preventing adrenocortical atrophy induced than the administration of ACTH alone. This effect appeared as clear cells with low electron density. While the characteristics induced by hypophysectomy were the decrease in number of smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and mitochondria and also crista of mitochondria being tubular. The clear cells showed a less degree of their characteristic. From this fact, it is considered that the external FAD acts against fasciculata cells in the adrenal cortex of hypophysectomized rats as a coenzyme for flavin enzyme under ACTH and decreases oxidation‐reaction in mitochondria and oxidative phosphorilation reaction in SER, being induced by hypophysectomy. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 637˜645, 1977.
— The relation between enzyme activity and histological type —
Authors: Ida Masaya
Published: January 2009

The activities of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GTP), alkaline phosphatase (A‐p), and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) were examined in 18 cases of hepatomas. The activity of γ‐GTP was most remarkable in the hepatoma consisting of small to medium‐sized tumor cells showing the least atypism. The enzyme activity found in the type composed of large tumor cells resembled that of normal liver and was considered to be the most mature form of the neoplasm. This enzyme was not found in the immature type composed of small atypical tumor cells. A‐P activity was seen in only a few cases of hepatoma; conspicuous in one case showing immature features and sporadically in one case with florid histological pattern. The activity of this enzyme could not be confirmed in the type demonstrating marked γ‐GTP activity. LAP activity was noted in the majority of cases, especially marked in the medium‐sized tumor cells, but there was hardly any connection between this enzyme and histological type. In general, the cases demonstrating positive γ‐GTP activity tended to show LAP activity. Although the activity of γ‐GTP and that of A‐p usually showed an inverse relation, all three enzymes demonstrated almost equal activity in the type showing a florid histological pattern. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 647 ˜ 655, 1977.
Paneth Cells in Intestinal Metaplasia of the Stomach and Duodenum of Man
Authors: Matsubara Futoshi
Published: January 2009

The Paneth cells in intestinal metaplasia of stomach and the duodenum in human subjects were studied ultrastructurally, and the fine structures of these cells were compared. Paneth cells showed the ultrastructure of serozymogenic cells and secreted their secretory granules by merocrine process. The rod or tubular dense bodies were observed in the apical region of some Paneth cells. The structures may have some relation to the secretion of the secretory granules. The secretory granules with less dense layer in the periphery, which had never been described in the Paneth cell of man, were also observed. Morphologically intermediate cells between Paneth cell and goblet cell were found. Some of the Paneth cells might be phagocytized by undifferentiated crypt cells. The Paneth cells in intestinal metaplasia were fundamentally the same as those in duodenum at least in morphology. Difference between them was that Paneth cells with many phagolysosomes in the lower cytoplasm were observed more frequently in the duodenum than in intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. The physiological functions of the Paneth cell have been discussed. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27:677–695, 1977.
IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF INTRAVASCULAR AGGLUTINATION IN A CASE OF ABO INCOMPATIBLE BLOOD TRANSFUSION BY MEANS OF MIXED CELL AGGLUTINATION REACTION
Authors: Tokoro Yasuo , Chang Shang , Nagai Tatsuo , Ishiyama Ikuo
Published: January 2009

Applicability of the mixed cell agglutination reaction (MGAR of Davidsohn) in histological examination was tested in a case of ABO incompatible blood transfusion, who had died of severe head injury two days after an accident. Massively disseminated intravascular aggregation of erythrocytes was identified as immune agglutination by the modified method of MGAR (Ishiyama & Okada) with precise knowledge of topographic isoantigen localization in tissues. The immune specific agglutination mimics intravascular changes such as hyperemia, stagnation and hemorrhage derived from various circulatory disturbances obtained in routine autopsy materials. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 729 ˜ 738, 1977.
MASUGI NEPHRITIS IN T CELL‐DEPLETED STATE
Authors: Oite Takashi
Published: January 2009

The effects of surgical removal of the thymus or the administration of antiserum to thymus‐derived lymphocytes on the development of Masugi nephritis were investigated in Wistar rats. While thymectomy at weaning (ATx) had no significant effect on the humoral antibody response to injected rabbit IgG, repeated injections of rabbit anti‐rat thymocyte serum (ATS) suppressed it remarkably. Both treatments did not show morphological evidences that glomerular inflammation and injury were suppressed in the autologous phase of Masugi nephritis. Glomerular lesions in rats receiving the nephrotoxic serum (NTS) one month after ATx (ATx‐1+NTS) appeared to be severer in hypercellularity, mitotic counts, the amount of deposited fibrin‐related substances and crescent formation than those in other nephritic groups. Morphological study of ATS+NTS rats revealed that the glomerular changes were nearly equal to those of NTS‐injected control rats, in spite of markedly suppressed humoral response to injected rabbit IgG and the absence of host IgG along the glomerular capillary walls. ACT A PATH. JAP. 29: 333 ‐345, 1979.
THE EFFECT OF A LOW POTASSIUM DIET ON THE GLOMERULAR ZONE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX OF RATS
Authors: Kawai Kioko , Sugihara Hajime , Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: January 2009

Rats were fed on low potassium diets in order to observe the effect of dietary low potassium on the adrenal cortex. The authors clarified morphological changes of the hypofunctional glomerular zone and compared these changes with those of the hyperfunctional glomerular zone.

Three weeks after or 2 months after the start of a low potassium diet, slight narrowing of the glomerular zone of the adrenal cortex was observed followed by miniaturization of cells, presence of binuclear cells and an increase of lipid with enlarged lipid drops. Electron microscope mainly disclosed changes of mitochondrial cristae consisting of markedly reduced, enlarged and irregularly dilated cristae with shortening or elongation. Granules appeared in mitochondria. Lysosomes or dense bodies were enlarged. The Golgi's apparatus was atrophied but endoplasmic reticulum did not show remarkable changes. These changes were directly opposite to those of the hyperfunctional glomerular zone noted after a potassium load or seen in sodium deficiency. Consequently, these changes were considered to be the changes of the hypofunctional glomerular zone associated with decrease of aldosterone production. ACTA PATH. SAP. 29: 351–362, 1979.
PRIMARY MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE TUMORS (MALIGNANT SCHWANNOMAS)
Authors: Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Enjoji Munetomo
Published: January 2009

A clinicopathologic and electron microscopic study was performed on 35 cases of primary malignant peripheral nerve tumors, among which 12 developed in association with neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) and further 11 in keeping with anatomically discernible nerves in patients without neurofibromatosis. Depending upon the histologically predominant pattern, these tumors were subdivided into three groups: 23 compact spindle cell, 6 myxoid, and 6 epithelioid varieties of the tumor. The common ultrastructures in three of the 35 tumors were as follows: 1) The cell membranes manifested characteristic infoldings and lamellar configuration. 2) The tumor cell surfaces were coated by occasional basal lamina or homogeneously electron‐dense membranous material. 3) The cytoplasms contained well‐developed organelles and a few neurosecretory‐type granules. Differential points from other soft‐tissue sarcomas were briefly discussed on the histologic basis. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 363–375, 1979.
INFANTILE AND ADULT FIBROSARCOMAS OF THE SOFT TISSUES
Authors: Iwasaki Hiroshi , Enjoji Munetomo
Published: January 2009

Histologic sections of 68 soft‐tissue sarcomas initially diagnosed as Abrosarcoma were reviewed, and 36 were excluded because of revised diagnosis. The tumors from the remaining 32 patients were analyzed clinicopathologically, and were classifled into two types; the adult type (22 cases) and the infantile type (10 cases). The adult type Abrosarcoma occurred in adults aged 25 to 67 years and consisted of spindle‐shaped Abroblastic cells which formed interlacing bundles accompanied by variable amounts of collagen or reticulin fibers. The infantile Abrosarcoma affected children below the age of seven years in this series and was characterized by proliferation of immature fibroblasts forming indistinct bundles, frequently exhibiting areas of an angiosarcoma‐like pattern and cavernous blood vessels. The authors expressed the view that infantile Abrosarcoma should be separated from adult Abrosarcoma, because between these two types of Abrosarcoma there were marked differences in the histologic feature as well as in the age, sex and anatomical distributions. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 377–388, 1979.
ARGYROPHIL CELLS IN THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS
Authors: Suda Koichi , Hashimoto Keisuke
Published: January 2009

The silver positive cells of the exocrine pancreas and primary pancreatic cancers were studied with the Grimelius silver stain and the Fontana‐Masson technique. In the pancreas, cells containing black granules with the Grimelius method, which at the same time react negative to Fontana‐Masson, are considered argyrophil. These cells were present in the basal portion of some of the acinar tissue and in the ductal epithelia, as well as in the A cells of islets. The incidence and distribution of these argyrophil cells were also studied in a variety of ductal lesions. In the so‐called ductal proliferation numerous numbers of positive cells were found. Argyrophil cells were frequently situated in the basal portion of ductal squamous cell metaplasia. In goblet cell metaplasia the numbers were few, and less than in normal ducts. We concluded that the distribution and incidence of argyrophil cells in the ductal epithelia is related to chronic pancreatitis, and in particular to regenerative processes. The incidence of argyrophil cells in primary pancreatic cancer, excluding islets cell origin, was 18 per 41 cases (43.4%). We considered them pancreatic cancer with argyrophil cells. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 413–419, 1979.
WIDESPREAD ECZEMA VACCINATUM ACQUIRED BY CONTACTS A Report of an Autopsy Case
Authors: Shirasawa Kenjiro , Akai Keiichiro , Kawaguchi Yukihiro , Maeda Shotaro , Nagahara Sadao , Toyoda Hiroshi , Kurata Takeshi
Published: January 2009

A4‐moth‐old male infant predisposed to allergic dermatitis acquired widespread eczema vaccinatum by contacts with a recently vaccinated sibling. He died of acute purulent peritonitis following a perforation of multiple duodenal ulcers. Fluorescence immunocytochemical and electron microscopic studies on the skin lesions revealed the presence of viral antigens and numerous virus particles compatible morphologically with those of the mature form from the same batch of smallpox vaccine given to the sibling. A large number of virus particles in the developmental form were also predominantly scattered in the cytoplasm of cells at the stratum malpighii of the epidermis as well as in neutrophils and macrophages in the skin lesions. The virus isolation from the skin lesions was done by using the HeLa cells and the human embryonic lung fibroblasts. No abnormal laboratory data were noted in immunoglobulins. On the basis of atrophy of the thymus and other lymphatic tissues and an appearance of large pyroninophilic cells in association with blastoid transformation, the authors discussed a possible participation of the disturbance of cellular immunity secondary to the virus infection in the development of the disease. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 435–455, 1979.
CENTRAL FIBROSARCOMA OF BONE
Authors: Sonobe Hiroshi , Fujioka Ippei , Nakatoh Shoji , Miyake Kanji , Taguchi Kohji , Motoi Makoto , Ogawa Katsuo
Published: January 2009

A case of a 46‐year‐old Japanese male having fibrosarcoma of bone is reported. The tumor developed in the proximal metaphysis of the left femur. During the three years following onset of the disease with symptoms of local pain and mass, the patient was operated on three times (curettage and bone graft, curettage and bone graft with Jwett's nail fixation and disarticulation). The tumor was found to be an intraosseous translucent lesion on x‐ray examination. Histologically, the tumor consisted of compact or loose, atypical spindle cells, producing abundant collagen‐fibers without any osteoid, bony or cartilage formation. From the clinical and pathological findings, this case is thought to be a typical central fibrosarcoma of bone. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 479–484. 1979.
ALTERATIONS OF THE THYMUS AND PERIPHERAL LYMPHOID TISSUES IN FATAL MEASLES
Authors: Chino Fumitoshi , Kodama Hideo , Ohkawa Tokitada , Egashira Yasuyuki
Published: January 2009

As a result of re‐examining 14 autopsy cases of fatal, measles, neither aplastic nor hypoplastic thymuses were found even in a case with giant cell pneumonia, but there were degenerative and/or necrotic changes with giant cells mostly in the thymus and less in the peripheral lymphoid organs such as spleen, lymph nodes, Peyer's patches and tonsils. This damage of the lymphoid system was associated with the occurrence of complications, particularly of giant cell pneumonia and encephalitis. The lymphoid cell damage, which might be primarily due to virulence of the infected measles virus, seemed to prolong the viremia. Involvement of viremia in the process of complication is discussed. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 493–507, 1979.
DIAGNOSTIC ASPECT OF SPINDLE‐CELL SARCOMAS BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Nakanishi Isao , Katsuda Shogo , Ooi Akishi , Kajikawa Kinichiro , Matsubara Fujitsugu
Published: January 2009

Spindle‐cell sarcomas in the somatic soft tissue and soft parts, including fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), and malignant schwannoma were examined by electron microscopy in order to delineate the most reliable cellular features for their diagnosis. Fibrosarcoma consisted largely of fibroblastic cells and leiomyosarcoma cells were packed in forming small cell groups with constant junctional complexes of nexus and zonula adherens types. MFH showed variable cellular features containing the cells with myofibroblastic and histiocytic differentiation. Malignant schwannoma was characterized by tumor cells having slender cytoplasmic processes with overlapping or interdigitation and thick basement membrane. These ultrastructural features were contributory to the differential diagnosis of the sarcomas examined.
MORPHOLOGIC and RADIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE EARLIEST BONE MARROW FORMATION IN HUMAN EMBRYOS and FETUSES
Authors: Enzan Hideaki , Haea Hiroshi , Izumi Takaki , Ohkita Takeshi
Published: January 2009

Morphologic and radiologic studies were undertaken on 26 human embryos and fetuses to determine the stage and site of the earliest bone marrow formation. Up to the 10th week of gestation, primary bone marrow is not present anywhere although the intramembranous ossification occurs in the maxilla and mandible and also in the middle portion of the clavicle. At the 11th week of gestation, X‐ray examination showed in two fetuses the bone formation in the clavicle, scapula, maxilla, mandible, and the diaphysis of the long bones. Serial sections of these fetuses revealed that the primary bone marrow occurs first in the middle portion of the clavicle. From a series of our embryological studies, the concept of the mononuclear phagocyte system which involves the bone‐marrow‐derived monocytic origin of tissue macrophages, is not accepted, at least, on the origin of Kupffer cells in human fetal livers.
FINE STRUCTURE OF HEPATIC SINUSOIDS and THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN HUMAN EMBRYOS and FETUSES
Authors: Enzan Hideaki , Hara Hiroshi , Yamashita Yukinori , Ohkita Takeshi , Yamane Toshiko
Published: January 2009

The fine structure of the hepatic sinusoids of 81 human embryos and fetuses and their development from 5 to 12 weeks gestation were studied. At 5 weeks gestation, sinusoid‐like structures and Kupffer‐like cells were observed between liver cell cords. Between 6 and 8 weeks gestation the sinuosids were completely developed. Definite Kupffer cells appear at this developmental stage, when the bone marrow has not yet formed. Floating macrophages form cell aggregates in the sinusoids which contact endothelial cells and settle as Kupffer cells. Erythroblastophagia is observed in Kupffer cells and macrophages. The endothelial linings are closed, with the attenuated cell processes and intercellular junctions between the adjoining endothelial cells. No transition was observed between Kupffer cells and endothelial cells. The findings suggest that Kupffer cells in the human embryo are extrahepatic in origin and that they reach the sinusoids via the circulatory system. Ito cells, which store fat, originate from mesenchymal cells in the septum transversum.
STUDIES ON AMINOPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY IN ACUTE NON‐LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: Nemoto Keiichi , Ohnishi Yoshihisa
Published: January 2009

Aminopeptidase (AMP) activity of leukemic cells in acute non‐lymphocytic leukemia (36 cases) was examined by comparing peroxidase (PO) activity. The examination of AMP activity was useful for the diagnosis of non‐lymphocytic leukemia in 19 of 36 cases rather than PO activity. Especially in acute monocytic leukemia its tendency was conspicuous. Furthermore, in 5 cases AMP was positive whereas there was no evidence of PO activity. On the contrary, PO was evident in 11 cases. The cases which revealed the same degree of both activities were only 4 and in 2 cases they were completely negative. Although the total number of PO negative cases was 7, ultrastructural endogenous myeloperoxidase reaction was clearly observed in granules of leukemic cells in all cases examined (6 cases). The diagnosis and classification of leukemia must be made using several techniques, and especially in non‐lymphocytic leukemia cases, not only PO activity but also the examination of AMP activity is important. Therefore, one must be prudent in applying the FAB classification in acute leukemia.
IN VITRO TRANSFORMATION OF RAT BRAIN CELLS BY ADENOVIRUS TYPE 12
Authors: Akagi Tadaatsu , Sonobe Hiroshi
Published: January 2009

Whole brain cells, taken from Sprague‐Dawley rats of various ages: 13‐, 14‐, and 16‐day fetuses, and 2‐ and 13‐day‐old animals were transformed in vitro by adenovirus type 12 (Ad. 12). Immature or dedifferentiated astrocytes (As cells), neurons, and ependymal cells could clearly be identified by conventional staining methods and scanning electron microscopy. Ependy‐moglioblast‐like cells, oligodendrocytes, and undifferentiated cells were also recognized. Sequential observation disclosed that a probable candidate for the target of transformation by Ad. 12 might be As cell which was the most predominant cell type. The transformation rate was highest in the secondary cultures from 16‐day fetuses and lowest in the secondary cultures from 13‐day‐old animals.
IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPIC LOCALIZATION OF THYROGLOBULIN (TG) IN THE THYROID GLAND IN BASEDOW'S DISEASE
Authors: Nakayama Iwao , Noguchi Shiro , Mokiuchi Akira , Murakami Nobuo , Yamashita Hiroto , Togon Hiroshi , Yokoyama Shigeo , Noguchi Akito
Published: January 2009

An electron microscopic immunohistochemical localization of thyroglobulin (TG) using PAP methods from Epok‐812 embedded tissues has been made in human thyroids obtained from 15 patients with treated Basedow's disease aged 13 to 43 years. Follicular cells vary considerably in shape and content of cytoplasmic organelles depending mainly upon the size of follicles. Reaction product for TG coincided well with previous investigations studied by electron microscopic autoradiography and is strongly positive in most follicular lumina having no relation to their size, reabsorbed colloid droplets or small subapical vesicles. The reabsorbed colloid droplets are rarely observed in cells surrounding distended follicles and more frequently appeared in small follicles. The reabsorbed colloid droplets after fusion with lysosomes show a variable amount of reaction products from intense deposition to a complete absence of product indicating hydrolysis of TG by lysosomal enzymes. There is no reaction product in rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus in spite of positive reaction product in the subapical vesicles. These subapical vesicles are composed of both endocytotic and exocytotic vesicles.
CHILDHOOD NON‐HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA DEVELOPING FROM RECURRENT NECK MASS
Authors: Aozasa Katsuyuki , Nara Hiroshi , Inoue Akifumi , Ha Kyung‐Sae , Okada Akira
Published: January 2009

Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in an 8‐year‐old boy developing from recurrent neck mass during 15‐months history is presented. Two biopsies carried out during this period were interpreted as reactive change. The third biopsy was diagnosed as NHL. He died of the systemic disease 19 months after the first admission. Clinical, histological and immunocyto‐, chemical investigations for the three biopsy materials revealed that the first and the second biopsies were reactive, and the third biopsy was neoplastic, B cell lymphoma. Known etiological factors causing lymphoreticular disorders are reviewed by the literatures, and absence of these factors in the present case is described.
PRIMARY YOLK SAC TUMOR OF THE LIVER
Authors: Natori Takashi , Teshima Shinichi , Kikuchi Yuko , Aizawa Miki , Konno Tetsuro , Tamaki Akira , Kakita Akira , Shinada Yoshihide , Kasai Yoichi
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of yolk sac tumor of the liver in a 29‐year‐old female was reported. The tumor was found originally in the right anterior segment of the liver on the first operation. The autopsy disclosed that the liver was almost entirely replaced by multiple, round tumor nodules. The tumor masses continuously extended to the peritoneum and to the subcutaneous tissue. There were no tumors in other organs including the ovaries, gut, stomach, lung, uterus, and kidneys, indicating that the tumor originated in the liver. Microscopically, the tumor showed typical characteristics of the yolk sac tumor. An immunohistochemical study showed that AFP was distributed fine granularly in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Electron microscopic observation disclosed large amounts of electron‐dense material being closely related to basement membrane.
BENIGN HISTIOCYTOSIS X OF STOMACH Previously Undescribed Lesion
Authors: Nihei Kuninobu , Teeashima Kazuo , Aoyama Katsuhiko , Imai Yutaka , Sato Hiroshi
Published: January 2009

Histiocytosis X of the stomach of a 47‐year‐old Japanese woman, who underwent subtotal gastrectomy following a clinical diagnosis of scirrhous carcinoma, was studied by light and electron microscopy as well as by immuno‐histochemistry. The histiocytoid cells proliferated monotonously in the lamina propria mucosae of the atrophied mucosa covering the body and fornix. They were arranged in a sheet‐ or pavement stone‐pattern and included some giant cells. The histiocytoid cells had a reniform to irregularly indented nucleus and conspicuous cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, they were characterized by interdigitating cytoplasmic extensions and abundant tubulovesicular structures including Langerhans granules. S‐100 protein, α1‐antitrypsin, and α1‐antichymo‐trypsin were immunohistochemically identified in the cytoplasm. Endoscopic biopsies of the extragastric digestive tract, a biopsy of the lymph node, and bone marrow aspiration excluded a systemic disorder. The case is regarded as benign localized histiocytosis X of the stomach, a previously undescribed gastric lesion.
CHRONIC MYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA WITH MARKED MYELOFIBROSIS and OSTEOSCLEROSIS
Authors: Honma Keiichi , Nemoto Keiichi , Ohnishi Yoshihisa
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of a 50 years old woman who manifested chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) with secondary myelofibrosis (SMF) is reported. The interesting point of this case was a marked diffuse myelofibrosis (MF) with osteosclerosis, so that it was difficult to make a diagnosis of either CML or idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF), but both clinical and histological findings supported the diagnosis of CML with SMF. Her long term busulfan therapy was suspected as being the cause of this severe MF. The relationship of CML and IMF was also discussed.
JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELL TUMOR
Authors: Furusato Masakuni , Hayashi Hirotaka , Kawaguchi Naohiko , Yokota Kuninobu , Saito Kaoru , Aizawa Shigeo , Ishikawa Eisei
Published: January 2009

A left kidney tumor was found in a 33 years old female with diastolic hypertension and hyperreninemia. A yellowish white 6 × 4 cm tumor with capsule was located in the upper pole. Polygonal mesenchymal cells with Bowie‐positive and rhomboid‐shaped granules and occasional tubular component were identified. The diagnosis of J‐G cell tumor was made. The first electron microscopic observation of the tubular epithelium showed immature features.50–100 A microfilaments in the epithelium were identical to those reported in epithelium of Wilms' tumor. The results support that the tubular component is a tumor constituent and that the case is a biphasic tumor. Biphasic pattern and clinical characteristics of reported J‐G cell tumor with tubular component are those of mesoblastic nephroma and adult multllocular cystic nephroma. Therefore, J‐G cell tumor with tubular component would have to be classified as a metanephric blastema origin tumor as like Wilms' tumor, mesoblastic nephroma, and multllocular cystic nephroma.
FAMILIAL AMYLOID POLYNEUROPATHY WITH MARKED HYPERTROPHY OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVES
Authors: Sumino Seiiohi , Nacsashima Kazuo , Shimamine Tetsuro , Abe Toshiaki , Tsuneyoshi Hideo , Murao Satoru
Published: January 2009

Autopsy findings in a 40‐year‐old male with heredofamilial amyloidosis and polyneuropathy are reported. He had been suffering from progressive autonomic as well as sensorimotor dysfunctions. Prominent amyloid deposit was found in the kidney, heart, thyroid, and testis, and less in the interstitium and small vessels of almost all organs. The peripheral nerves, some showing prominent hypertrophy, were most severely involved by amyloid deposit in a form of stellate mass, which ultrastructurally consisted of radially arranged amyloid filaments. In the hypertrophied nerves and ganglia, in addition to amyloid, massive accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharide (AMPS) was seen filling up the interstitial space, which was the cause of hypertrophy. Ultrastructurally, AMPS was seen as finely granular substance. An extracted amyloid from the kidney showed 8 nm filament on negative staining and was estimated of having a molecular weight of 14,000.
PARTICIPATION OF BONE MARROW STROMAL CELLS IN HEMOPOIETIC RECOVERY OF RATS IRRADIATED AND THEN PARABIOSED WITH A NON‐IRRADIATED LITTER MATE
Authors: Kagawa Koichi , Hayashi Keiki , Awai Michiyasu
Published: January 2009

All rats were exposed to whole‐body irradiation (1,000 rads by X‐rays) to induce aplastic marrows. Control rats received no further treatment. Experimental rats were conjugated three days after irradiation with a non‐irradiated healthy litter mate by aortic anastomosis. Control rats died within seven days due to irradiation injury. In these animals, bone marrow reticulum cells were easily distinguished from other stromal cells, such as macrophages or sinusoidal endothelial cells. Three to seven days after irradiation, reticulum cells accumulated lipid droplets in the cytoplasm and showed increases in size and number, resulting in fatty aplastic marrows. On the other hand, parabiosed rats showed hemopoietic recovery and lower levels of lipid droplets in reticulum cells at five to eight days after parabiosis. Progressive fibrosis followed after irradiation but a regression followed after parabiosis. This suggested that fibroblastoid reticulum cells aided in producing collagen fibers. It was also suggested that bone marrow stromal cells, namely, perisinusoidal and intersinusoidal reticulum cells, fat‐storage cells, and fibroblastoid cells, shared a common cellular origin. The deserted alterations in reticulum cells after irradiation and the hemopoietic recovery after parabiosis might be due to hemopoietic cells stimulating reticulum cells to induce and sustain the hemopoiesis.
PARTICIPATION OF BONE MARROW STROMAL CELLS IN HEMOPOIETIC RECOVERY OF RATS IRRADIATED AND THEN PARABIOSED WITH A NON‐IRRADIATED LITTER MATE
Authors: Kagawa Koichi , Hayashi Keiki , Awai Michiyasu
Published: January 2009

A light microscopical study on the recovery process after lethal irradiation and parabiosis has been made.6 Electron microscopically, in the bone marrow of lethally irradiated rats, hemorrhage occurred due to detachment of sinus endothelial cells. Afterwards, reticulum cells with small intracytoplasmic lipid droplets appeared. On day 3, these cells were rapidly replaced by the reticulum cells with large lipid droplets, and resulted in fatty marrow within 7 days. Spindle‐shaped fibroblastoid reticulum cells were also observed. In the bone marrow of lethally irradiated rats parabiosed with non‐treated litter mates, hemopoiesis was initiated by adhesion of nucleated blood cells to intricated fine cytoplasmic pseudopods of fat‐storage cells. On days 3 to 5, in parallel with progressive hemopoietic recovery, flbroblastoid and reticulum cells with large lipid droplets decreased whereas those with small droplets increased. On day 8, reticulum cells with lipid droplets were seldom seen, and hemopoietic distribution became the same as normal. These results suggested that bone marrow stromal cells, namely reticulum, fat‐storage, and flbroblastoid cells share a common cellular origin, and also that they regain their structure and function when fat‐storage cells were placed in contact with hemopoietic precursor cells.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS AND HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS
Authors: Shimizu Akio
Published: January 2009

The effects of hepatic cirrhosis on chemical hepatocarcinogenesis were studied in rats using an experimental model for hepatic cirrhosis established by chronic furfural administration (described in a previous report19) and N‐2‐fluorenylacetamide (2‐FAA). Sixteen male Wistar rats were fed with 2‐FAA feeding 3 cycles, which consisted of 3 weeks consuming 0.03% 2‐FAA diet and 1 week basal diet, after 120 days of furfural feeding. Grossly and his‐tologically all livers of experimental animals showed formation of multiple hyperplastic nodules with atypical features in parts. These hyperplastic nodules were positively immunostained with alpha fetoprotein. On the other hand, none of the livers of 16 rats fed with furfural alone showed formation of hyperplastic changes and only 2 livers of 16 rats fed 2‐FAA without preadministration of furfural showed one small hyperplastic nodule each, respectively. These results indicate that the cirrhotic liver induced by chronic furfural feeding has an enhancing effect on 2‐FAA chemical hepatocarcinogenesis, and suggests that the presence of hepatic cirrhosis induces Increased susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenic stimuli.
ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY
Authors: Satoh Shigeru , Monma Nobuhiro , Satoh Takashi , Satodate Ryoichi , Saiki Ken
Published: January 2009

The patient was a 27‐year‐old man who developed spastic quadriplegia and cerebral disorders. Initial signs were gait disturbance, spastic paraplegia, and sphincter disturbance; these occurred when he was 21. Upon autopsy, the white matter of the brain and spinal cord showed diffuse demyellnation, and the adrenal glands and right testis were atrophic. Cytoplasmic striations seen by light microscopy and trilamellar inclusions seen by electron microscopy were found in ballooned adrenocortical cells. Trilamellar inclusions were also observed in macrophages of the affected cerebral white matter. Biochemical analysis disclosed a high ratio (0.27) of hexacosanoic acid (C26:0) to docosanoic acid (C22: 0) in cerebrosides and sulfatides of the cerebrum. The histological features as well as the result of biochemical analysis were those of classical adrenoleukodystrophy. However, the time of the onset of clinical signs and the duration of the disease were different in the present case from classical adrenoleukodystrophy. The case presented here was diagnosed as adrenoleu‐komyeloneuropathy, which is a variant of adrenoleukodystrophy.
MINIMAL CHANGE RENAL DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH THYMOMA AND PANCREATIC CARCINOMA
Authors: Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Moriya Takuya , Manabe Toshiaki
Published: January 2009

A case of minimal change renal disease associated with thymoma and pancreatic carcinoma is reported. A clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome developed about 5 weeks before the patient's demise and two different primary tumors were revealed only at the time of autopsy. Circumstantial evidences support that minimal change disease was a paraneoplastic process related to thymoma rather than either the one related to pancreatic carcinoma or a mere coincidence. Review of the literature disclosed five cases of thymoma with associated nephrotic syndrome. Herein, we report another case of such an unusual association and compare the present case with the previously reported.
SYSTEMIC HEMANGIOMATOSIS
Authors: Sugimura Haruhiko , Tange Tsuyoshi , Yamaguchi Kazuyoshi , Mori Wataru
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of unusual vasoformative tumor is presented. The distribution of this tumor was restricted to the organ of the hematopoietic system such as the spleen, liver, and whole bone marrow. Although it may be considered as a variant of certain splenic hemangiosarcoma because of widespread dissemination, both the benign‐looking histological features and specific distribution of this tumor suggest its hamartomatous nature. Several additional similar cases in the literatures are briefly reviewed from the viewpoint of systemic hemangiomatosis.
A NEUROENDOCRINE (MERKEL) CELL CARCINOMA WITH COEXISTING INTRAEPIDERMAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE SKIN
Authors: Iafuchi Mitsuya , Watanabe Hidenobu , Ishihara Noriko , Takahashi Yasuo , Yoshimura Mitsumasa
Published: January 2009

A case of neuroendocrine (Merkel) cell carcinoma with coexisting intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma of the skin was studied histologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally as well as with tissue‐culture and transplantation into nude mice. The primary tumor found in the lower leg of a 68‐year‐old Japanese man had remained thumb‐sized for five years and, after contusion, had begun to enlarge rapidly up to 5 cm in size during one month. The patient died of metastatic neuroendocrine cell carcinoma nine months after excision of the primary tumor. Histologically the primary tumor was composed of neuroendocrine cell carcinoma extending down to subcutaneous adipose tissue and a small amount of intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma, not associated with a wide range of necrosis, hemorrhage, granulation tissue or fibrosis. The tumor cells of the former were diffusely positive for neuron‐specific enolase. They contained a few secretory granules, 100 nm in diameter. The tumor cells both cultured in media and transplantated into nude mice died two months later. The present case is the first report of Merkel cell carcinoma in which the growth accelerated by an extrinsic factor was proved. Histogenesis of neuroendocrine cell carcinoma with coexisting squamous cell carcinoma is also discussed.
ANGIOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCE IN CORONARY ARTERY OF MAN, DOG, PIG, and MONKEY
Authors: Kato Toshihiko , Yasue Takao , Shoji Yoshitami , Shimabukuro Seiichi , Ito Yuji , Goto Shigeo , Motooka Satoru , Uno Takashi , Ojima Akitsugu
Published: January 2009

Comparative morphological studies on the coronary arteries of the left ventricular free wall were carried out on human, dog, pig, and monkey hearts by using postmortem coronary arteriography, soft X‐ray photograms, and the clearing method. The results showed that the types of coronary arteries (types I, II, and HI) and connecting portion of anastomotic vessels in the pig and monkey hearts closely resembled those in man. Whereas the dog hearts showed the following characteristics: 1) numerous Type III vessels and anastomoses in the epicardial layer, 2) the existence of only the left predominant type of coronary artery, and 3) the supply of blood to the papillary muscles of the left ventricle mostly through a single branch of the coronary artery. Therefore, it is necessary to take into consideration the basic difference in the structure of the coronary arteries of human and dog hearts, when dogs are used experimentally for research of human ischemic heart disease. The fact that only the papillary muscles of the human heart‐compared to animal hearts‐are supplied blood from two sources may be advantageous to rescue the papillary muscles from ischemic necrosis.
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ASBESTOS BODIES IN EXTRAPULMONARY ORGANS
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Ming Zhang Wei , Watanabe Hisashi , Ohnishi Yoshihisa
Published: January 2009

We made a quantitative study of the distribution of asbestos bodies (ABs) in 13 extrapulmonary organs. We selected 26 male subjects and subdivided them into three groups: Group I had 102 to less than 103 ABs per gram of wet tissue in their lungs; group II had 10 to 99 ABs; and group III had no ABs. In group I, one or more ABs were identified in at least 6 (53.8%) of the examined extrapulmonary organs. In group II, 23.7% of the examined organs had one or more ABs. In group III, no ABs were found. These results seem to indicate that with modest exposure in the lung, the other organs are often exposed to asbestos with some degree. Moreover, the number of AB in the esophagus was significantly larger than that in 9 of the other 12 organs in group I. The pancreas and the spleen were also supposed to be more preferential sites of exposure. However, the relationship between exposure and its effects in extrapulmonary organs remains to be elucidated.
GENETIC MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSES, MANNOSIDOSIS, SIALIDOSIS, GALACTOSIALIDOSIS, and I‐CELL DISEASE
Authors: Takahashi Kiyoshi , Naito Makoto , Suzuki Yoshiyuki
Published: January 2009

The cultured skin fibroblasts biopsied from 6 cases of galactosialidosis, 4 of I‐cell disease, 3 of Scheie syndrome and one of Sanfllippo B syndrome, Morquio A syndrome, sialidosis, and mannosidosis, respectively, were investigated electron microscopically to detect any cytoplasmic storage inclusions. In the cases of genetic mucopolysaccharidosis, vacuolar inclusions containing fine reticulogranular materials of low electron density predominated, showing no significant difference in fine structure among the Sanfllippo B syndrome, Scheie syndrome, and Morquio A syndrome. Similar storage Inclusions were observed in sialidosis and mannosidosis and also revealed no obvious difference among the diseases and the above‐mentioned syndromes of genetic mucopolysaccharidosis. In galactosialidosis, two types of inclusions, vacuolar and lamellar, were distinguished, resembling those usually seen in generalized gangliosidosis. In I‐cell disease, the cytoplasmic storage Inclusions were variegated; vacuolar, concentric lamellar or osmiophilic amorphous. The availability of electron microscopy in tissue culture is discussed for making the diagnosis of these diseases, and the pathogenesis of lysosomal storage inclusions in the cultured cells of the diseases is briefly viewed.
PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Fujinami Mutsuyo , Morimoto Shinichiro , Nishikawa Toshio , Sato Akito , Yamada Yukio , Kajita Akira
Published: January 2009

Eight autopsy cases of primary pulmonary hypertension were studied. All cases were diagnosed as primary plexogenic arteriopathy. Microscopical study of the lungs showed in every case hypertensive arterial changes of Grade II‐VI after Heath & Edwards' criteria. Truncal pulmonary artery of three cases revealed aneurysm or severe dilatation with thrombus, and dilation was also recorded in another three cases. Histology of gross pulmonary artery in several cases presented disruption and defect of elastic fiber and alcian‐blue positive microcystic change in media, lymphoid cell infiltration in outer media and inner adventitia, adventitial thickening, and intimal fibrosis. The liver of 7 cases showed secondary congestive changes and in one case intrahepatic portal vasculitis.
CO‐CARCINOGENIC EFFECT OF ASBESTOS and BENZO(A)PYRENE IN THE LUNG OF HAMSTER
Authors: Kimizuka Goro , Ohwada Hidemi , Hayashi Yutaka
Published: January 2009

Epidemiological reports indicate that occupational asbestos exposure and smoking habit make increase the incidence of lung carcinomas greatly. To elucidate the synergetic effect of smoking and asbestos exposure, hamsters were injected intratracheally with asbestos and benzo(a)pyrene(Bap), which is contained in cigarette smoke, singly or in combination. Tumor was not induced in the hamsters injected with asbestos or Bap alone except epithelial hyperplasia. On the other hand, 7 tumors out of 34 animals were found in groups injected with both asbestos and Bap from 12 months to 19 months after injection. Two of them were carcinomas. This result seemed to indicate synergetic effect of asbestos and Bap in causing carcinoma of the lung.
ALVEOLAR DESTRUCTION IN EXPERIMENTAL KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIA
Authors: Irifune Kenji
Published: January 2009

Sequential histological changes of the lungs were studied in experimental Klebsiella pneumonia, using untreated control mice, cyclophosphamide‐treated mice, and carrageenan‐treated mice. Cyclophosphamide was used to deplete polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes, and carrageenan was used to deplete mononuclear phagocytes selectively. At 72 hours, varying degree of alveolar necrosis could be seen in untreated control mice. However, the lung lesions of cyclophosphamide‐ or carrageenan‐treated mice were significantly different from those of the control mice. The lung lesions of cyclophosphamide‐treated mice indicated that destruction of the alveolar septa was not induced by K. pneumoniae itself but by inflammatory cells, because the alveolar walls were preserved very well in spite of considerable bacterial multiplication in alveolar lumina until infiltration of inflammatory cells occurred. The lung lesions of carrageenan‐treated mice showed that alveolar spaces were packed with polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but the alveolar walls were preserved very well as far as the authors could tell after examining the lung lesions by silver impregnation staining. These results suggest that macrophages rather than polymorphonuclear leukocytes and organisms play an important role in alveolar injury in experimental Klebsiella pneumonia.