bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD) to the fragmentation of new DOTA‐based labels and N‐termini DOTA‐labeled peptides
Authors: El‐Khatib A. H. , He Y. , Esteban‐Fernández D. , Linscheid M. W.
Published: June 2017

1,4,7,10‐Tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA) derivatives are applied in quantitative proteomics owing to their ability to react with different functional groups, to harbor lanthanoides and hence their compatibility with molecular and elemental mass spectrometry. The new DOTA derivatives, namely Ln‐MeCAT‐Click and Ln‐DOTA‐Dimedone, allow efficient thiol labeling and targeting sulfenation as an important post‐translational modification, respectively. Quantitative applications require the investigation of fragmentation behavior of these reagents. Therefore, the fragmentation behavior of Ln‐MeCAT‐Click and Ln‐DOTA‐Dimedone was studied using collision‐induced dissociation (CID), infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) and higher‐energy collision dissociation (HCD) using different energy levels, and the efficiency of reporter ion production was estimated. The efficiency of characteristic fragment formation was in the order IRMPD > HCD (normal energy level) > CID.

On the other hand, the application of HCD at high energy levels (HCD@HE; NCE > 250%) resulted in a significant increase in reporter ion production (33–54%). This new strategy was successfully applied to generate label‐specific reporter ions for DOTA amino labeling at the N‐termini and in a quantitative fashion for the estimation of amino:thiol ratio in peptides. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of reference genes for quantitative gene expression analysis in experimental epilepsy
Authors: Sadangi Chinmaya , Rosenow Felix , Norwood Braxton A.
Published: June 2017

To grasp the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology underlying epilepsy development (epileptogenesis) and epilepsy itself, it is important to understand the gene expression changes that occur during these phases. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a technique that rapidly and accurately determines gene expression changes. It is crucial, however, that stable reference genes are selected for each experimental condition to ensure that accurate values are obtained for genes of interest. If reference genes are unstably expressed, this can lead to inaccurate data and erroneous conclusions. To date, epilepsy studies have used mostly single, nonvalidated reference genes. This is the first study to systematically evaluate reference genes in male Sprague–Dawley rat models of epilepsy. We assessed 15 potential reference genes in hippocampal tissue obtained from 2 different models during epileptogenesis, 1 model during chronic epilepsy, and a model of noninjurious seizures. Reference gene ranking varied between models and also differed between epileptogenesis and chronic epilepsy time points. There was also some variance between the four mathematical models used to rank reference genes. Notably, we found novel reference genes to be more stably expressed than those most often used in experimental epilepsy studies. The consequence of these findings is that reference genes suitable for one epilepsy model may not be appropriate for others and that reference genes can change over time. It is, therefore, critically important to validate potential reference genes before using them as normalizing factors in expression analysis in order to ensure accurate, valid results.
Strontium(II) and mechanical loading additively augment bone formation in calcium phosphate scaffolds
Authors: Reitmaier Sandra , Kovtun Anna , Schuelke Julian , Kanter Britta , Lemm Madlin , Hoess Andreas , Heinemann Sascha , Nies Berthold , Ignatius Anita
Published: June 2017

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are widely used for bone‐defect treatment. Current developments comprise the fabrication of porous scaffolds by three‐dimensional plotting and doting using biologically active substances, such as strontium. Strontium is known to increase osteoblast activity and simultaneously to decrease osteoclast resorption. This study investigated the short‐ and long‐term in vivo performances of strontium(II)‐doted CPC (SrCPC) scaffolds compared to non‐doted CPC scaffolds after implantation in unloaded or load‐bearing trabecular bone defects in sheep. After 6 weeks, both CPC and SrCPC scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility and osseointegration. Fluorochrome labeling revealed that both scaffolds were penetrated by newly formed bone already after 4 weeks. Neither strontium doting nor mechanical loading significantly influenced early bone formation. In contrast, after 6 months, bone formation was significantly enhanced in SrCPC compared to CPC scaffolds. Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis demonstrated the release of strontium from the SrCPC into the bone. Strontium addition did not significantly influence material resorption or osteoclast formation. Mechanical loading significantly stimulated bone formation in both CPC and SrCPC scaffolds after 6 months without impairing scaffold integrity. The most bone was found in SrCPC scaffolds under load‐bearing conditions. Concluding, these results demonstrate that strontium doting and mechanical loading additively stimulated bone formation in CPC scaffolds and that the scaffolds exhibited mechanical stability under moderate load, implying good clinical suitability. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:106–117, 2018.
A comparison of the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of different Cichorium spinosum L. ecotypes
Authors: Petropoulos Spyridon A , Fernandes Ângela , Barros Lillian , Ferreira Isabel CFR
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Wild greens are considered a rich source of phenolic compounds and antioxidants and an essential part of the so‐called Mediterranean diet. In the present study, Cichorium spinosum L. ecotypes, cultivated or collected in situ from wild plants from the eastern Mediterranean, were evaluated regarding their phenolic composition and antioxidant activity.

RESULTS

Significant differences were observed among the various studied ecotypes regarding their phenolic compound content and profile, especially between wild and cultivated ecotypes, as well as the phenolic acid content between commercial products and cultivated plants. The antioxidant activity also varied among the various studied ecotypes and growing conditions, with commercial products having the highest antioxidant activity, whereas wild ecotypes showed lower antioxidant activity.

CONCLUSION

Cichorium spinosum leaves are a rich source of chicoric and 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, while significant differences in total phenolic acids, flavonoids and phenolic compound content and in antioxidant activity were observed among the studied ecotypes, as well as between the tested growing conditions. According to the results of the present study, further valorization of C. spinosum species has great potential, since it could be used as a new alternative species in the food industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Diallyl trisulfides, a natural histone deacetylase inhibitor, attenuate HIF‐1α synthesis, and decreases breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Wei Zhonghong , Shan Yunlong , Tao Li , Liu Yuping , Zhu Zhijie , Liu Zhaoguo , Wu Yuanyuan , Chen Wenxing , Wang Aiyun , Lu Yin
Published: June 2017

Intratumoral hypoxia promotes the distant metastasis of cancer subclones. The clinical expression level of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) reflects the prognosis of a variety of cancers, especially breast cancer. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can target HIF‐1α protein due to von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) protein‐dependent degradation. Dietary organosulfur compounds, such as those in garlic, have been reported as HDAC inhibitors. The effects of diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) on the ratio of firefly/Renilla luciferase activity in hypoxic MDA‐MB‐231 cells were determined. The mRNA expressions of HIF‐1α target genes ANGPTL4, LOXL4, and LOX in hypoxic MDA‐MB‐231 cells were significantly down‐regulated by DATS. DATS attenuated the metastatic potential of MDA‐MB‐231 cells in hypoxia‐induced embryonic zebrafish, xenograft, and orthotopic tumors. Endothelial cell‐cancer cell adhesion, wound healing, transwell, and tube formation assays showed that DATS dose‐dependently inhibited the migration and angiogenesis of MDA‐MB‐231 cells in vitro. The expressions of L1CAM, VEGF‐A, and EMT‐related proteins (Slug, Snail, MMP‐2) were inhibited by DATS. DATS dose‐dependently inhibited HIF‐1α transcriptional activity and hypoxia‐induced hematogenous metastasis of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. It reduced the protein expression of HIF‐1α, which did not involve inhibition of HIF‐1α mRNA expression or ubiquitin proteasome degradation. Efficient inhibition of HIF‐1α expression was required for DATS to resist breast cancer.
Neuroprotective effects respond to cerebral ischemia without susceptibility to HB‐tumorigenesis in VHL heterozygous knockout mice
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Jingyun , Du Guhong , Ma Dexuan , Zhou Liangfu
Published: June 2017

The von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene plays a prominent role in the development of hemangioblastomas (HBs) within specific regions of the human’ central nervous system (CNS). Alterations in VHL gene are rarely observed in the more common features of human VHL‐related tumors in animal models, and VHL heterozygous knockout (VHL+/−) mice do not develop HBs. We tested whether VHL heterozygous knockout mice exhibited genetic predisposition to the development of HBs and conferred a selective advantage involving growth of blood vessels to its carrier. No differences were observed between wild‐type and VHL+/− mice in development ad reproduction. The heterozygous VHL+/− mice did not develop higher genetic susceptibility to CNS‐HBs over their lifetime. Furthermore, this recessive VHL gene heterozygosity is relatively stable. Interestingly, we found these heterozygous VHL+/− mice gained an advantage conferring to angiogenic ability in a particular environment, compared with wild‐type mice. The heterozygous VHL+/− mice obviously enhanced hypoxia inducible factor‐1 (HIF)‐dependent and Twist1 angiogenic mechanism in response to acute cerebral ischemia, resulting in decreased cerebral tissue damage and neuroprotective response through neovascularization. Our findings provide evidence of partial loss function of VHL as a novel precise therapeutic target in acute cerebral ischemia.
The effect of age on microsurgical free flap outcomes: An analysis of 5,951 cases
Authors: Jubbal Kevin T. , Zavlin Dmitry , Suliman Ahmed
Published: June 2017

Background

The growing elderly population necessitates a greater number of aging patients requiring complex reconstructive surgery involving free tissue transfer. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of microsurgical free tissue transfer in elderly patients using a national multi‐institutional database.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database to identify patients undergoing free tissue transfer. We stratified cohorts based on ages 18–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and 80+ years and analyzed primary outcomes of surgical complications, medical complications, mortality, and flap failure.

Results

A total of 5,951 patients were identified for inclusion in the analysis. Univariate analysis demonstrated progressively increasing surgical (P = .001) and medical (P < .001) complication rates with increasing age. After controlling for confounding variables, age was not significantly associated with rates of surgical (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.99–1.01, P = .737) or medical (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.03, P = .209) complications, flap failure (OR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00–1.02, P = .689), or reoperation (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.03, P = 0.165). Factors associated with surgical complications included BMI (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.05, P = .031), prolonged operative time (OR 1.001, 95% CI 1.000–1.002, P = .002), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification of 3 or greater (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.17–2.23, P = .003), and prolonged hospitalization (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.04, P < .001). ASA classification of 3 or greater (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.48‐4.45, P = .001), renal history (OR 10.13, 95% CI 1.57–65.55, P = .015), and prolonged hospitalization (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04‐1.08, P < .001) were associated with medical complications. Age was associated with increased mortality (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.13, P = .048).

Conclusion

Age alone should not be used as an absolute or even relative contraindication in patient assessment. Rather, preoperative assessment should focus on comorbidities and assessment of physiologic age instead of chronologic age. Optimization of these comorbidities is key to sustaining favorable outcomes in microsurgical free flap reconstruction in the elderly population.
6‐4: Influence of Hole Transporting Layer Thickness on Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: He Xiaolong , Shu Shi , Xu Wei , Cao Zhanfeng , Xue Jianshe , Yao Jikai
Published: June 2017

The quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) based on solution
process are reported for its stability and efficiency. Our work
demonstrate that the thickness of hole transporting layer (HTL)
play an important role in the QLEDs device. HTL may be
corroded by the QD solvent with the process of spin‐coating. And
so the quality of HTL, such as roughness, compactness, reliability,
becomes worse. The HTL thickness loss more, the quality of QDs
layer will be worse. By reducing HTL initial thickness, HTL
thickness loss was reduced and the roughness and uniformity of
QDs layer which is on the HTL layer was improved. Meanwhile,
the efficiency and brightness of QLEDs were improved and the
threshold voltage was lowered. However, leakage current
increased. In the other hand, if HTL initial thickness is increased,
the hole injecting layer (HIL) can be covered completely and
leakage current will decrease, meanwhile, the life time can be
improved. Therefore, an optimized initial thickness of HTL is very
important for QLEDs. In this paper, we also will show the red
passive‐matrix QLED device color.
30‐1: Invited Paper: A New Spot‐Beam‐Based Laser‐Crystallization Method for Manufacturing Advanced AMOLED Displays
Authors: Im James S.
Published: June 2017

We introduce a new “platform‐level” laser‐crystallization approach, referred to as spot‐beam crystallization (SBC). The method possesses certain intrinsic technical characteristics and capabilities that are particularly well suited for the manufacture of high‐resolution AMOLED displays. Specifically, the SBC approach possesses the potential to eventually provide microstructurally uniform polycrystalline Si films via ELA‐like partial‐melting‐based crystallization or SLS at low operating costs.
31‐2: Optimization of TFE Structure by FTIR Analysis and Mechanical Simulation to Achieve Excellent Encapsulation and High Flexibility AMOLED
Authors: Chiou Ji-Yi , Liu Yen-Wei , Niu Yi-Fan , Liu Sheng-Fa , Kuo Che-Cheng , Hunag Ching-Yu , Chiu Yi-Wen , Lai Ming-Hsiang
Published: June 2017

The 2.7 inch flexible AMOELD is successfully demonstrated through FTIR analysis and mechanical simulation. Through FTIR analysis we can optimize the CVD parameter to realize the SiNx of WVTR~10−5 (60°/90% R.H.). According to the simulation result, the curvature radius can be reduced to 10mm by modulating the Organic Coating for Planarization(OCP) layer thickness.
19‐6: Invited Paper: A Novel Process for Fabricating High‐Resolution and Very Small Pixel‐pitch GaN LED Microdisplays
Authors: Templier François , Benaïssa Lamine , Aventurier Bernard , Nardo Christine Di , Charles Matthew , Daami Anis , Henry Franck , Dupré Ludovic
Published: June 2017

A new approach for fabricating very‐small pixel pitch GaN microdisplays is proposed. MicroLEDS obtained from silicon grown epi GaN layers exhibit performances comparable to those obtained on classical sapphire templates. This technology shows very great promises in the fabrication of high brightness, ultra‐high‐resolution microdisplays required for augmented reality systems.
39‐4: Invited Paper: Innovation in Heavy Metal‐Free Quantum Dot Technology
Authors: Pickett Nigel L. , Gresty Nathalie C.
Published: June 2017

Quantum dot displays are now firmly established on the consumer market. However, challenges remain to address future industry standards and increase the range of products available. Herein, we describe innovations for the next generation of heavy metal‐free quantum dots for many applications including display products.
43‐2: Development of Zero‐bezel Display Utilizing a Waveguide Image Transformation Element
Authors: Lee Sejin , Moon Jeongmin , Yang SeungSoo , Rhim Jusang , Kim Bora , Lee YongSeok , Han SeungJun , Yoon SooYoung , Kang InByeong
Published: June 2017

In this study, we have developed an image transforming optical element which realized a zero‐bezel flat panel display module. The zero‐bezel display module worked not only at the front view but also did at the oblique view, so that omnidirectional image expression was achieved. In addition, resolution of the display was not degraded after addition of the optical element because the resolution of the image transformation element was higher enough to deliver the image with the original resolution. This achievement can be used for a modular unit of a seamless multi‐vision display.
43‐3: Pixel Structure Evaluation Regarding See‐through Image Quality for Transparent Displays: A Study Based on Diffraction Calculation and Full‐Reference Image Quality Assessment
Authors: Qin Zong , Huang Yi-Pai , Shieh Han-Ping David
Published: June 2017

Through a series of diffracted see‐through images of transparent displays, “multiscale structural similarity” is demonstrated to be the most adapted for quality assessment among several mainstream algorithms. Then aperture ratios, resolutions, and pixel geometries are evaluated and revealed to affect see‐through image quality from the most significantly to the least.
43‐4: A Low‐Cost Multitouch Spherical Display: Hardware and Software Design
Authors: Crespel Thomas , Reuter Patrick , Granier Xavier
Published: June 2017

Spherical multitouch displays offer exciting possibilities but are still costly. In this paper, we describe hardware and software considerations to build a more affordable one, with off‐the‐shelf optical components and 3D printed elements. We exploit the technology of laser‐beam steering projectors and use optical tracking for multitouch.
45‐2: Invited Paper: Highly Efficient Acridine‐based TADF Emitters
Authors: Tanmay Chatterjee , Ken-Tsung Wong
Published: June 2017

Organic molecules with efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are emerging as attractive emitters in OLEDs. In this talk, some of our recent works on acridine‐triazine hybrid TADF materials will be highlighted. One of this series TADF materials exhibits nearly 100% photoluminescence quantum yield, excellent thermal stability, and a horizontal dipole ratio of 83%, leading to extremely efficient blue organic EL with external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ~37%. In addition, efficient and tunable blue‐green to yellow TADF emitters capable of generating OLED EQEs of >31% are developed adopting acridine as donor unit and CN‐substituted benzene, pyridine and pyrimidine as acceptor units are reported. These materials permit one to systematically probe the influence of different acceptor strengths and also the influence of tunable conformations (twist angles) within the acceptor moieties through controlling the orientation of asymmetric heteroaromatic ring relative to the donor component.
45‐3: Invited Paper:Summary for: Recent Progress in Highly Efficient Blue TADF Emitter Materials for OLEDs
Authors: Baumann Thomas , Volz Daniel
Published: June 2017

After introducing thermally activated delayed luminescence (TADF) conceptually, we give a status report concerning blue OLEDs based on this technology. Great progress was achieved in the last years, allowing for rapid commercialization of this technology. We compare our results to the state of the art as published by academic researchers.
45‐4: Approach for Attaining Short Exciton Lifetime in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Lampande Raju , Kim Gyeong Heon , Im Joon Beom , Kim Kwang Jong , Lee Ju Young , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: June 2017

We report an approach to achieve short delayed fluorescence exciton lifetime in efficient green and blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. The synthesized TADF emitters show small singlet‐triplet energy splitting, high photoluminescence quantum yields, and proper charge transfer characteristics, resulting in short delayed fluorescence exciton lifetime. The fabricated organic light emitting diodes with green and deep blue TADF emitters display maximum external quantum efficiency of 31.4% and 22.5%, respectively, and significantly low efficiency roll‐off characteristics.
51‐1: Invited Paper: True 3D Realization in the See‐Through Head‐Mounted Display with Complex Amplitude Modulation
Authors: Gao Qian Kun , Liu Juan , Han Jian , Li Xin , Zhao Tao , Ma He
Published: June 2017

A 3D see‐through head‐mounted display (3D‐STHMD) is designed by using the complex amplitude modulation technique. It can present true 3D images to the human eye to avoid the accommodation‐vergence conflict. The optical experiments demonstrated that the designed 3D‐STHMD has continuous and wide depth cues with dynamic display ability.
51‐4: Near‐Eye Display for Vision Correction with Large FOV
Authors: Wu Yishi , Chen Chao Ping , Zhou Lei , Li Yang , Yu Bing , Jin Huayi
Published: June 2017

We propose a see‐through near‐eye display capable of visual correction for ‐3.00‐diopter myopia. Our solution features a freeform waveguide, which integrates a corrective lens and multiplexed volume holograms. Its key performance including diffraction efficiency, field of view, modulation transfer function, and distortion has been studied.
52‐1: Invited Paper: Driving Forces ‐ How Mobility of Tomorrow Influences Technologies of Today
Authors: Yao Luc , Langguth Nadine , Schroth Dieter , Maisch Roman
Published: June 2017

The mobility needs of modern societies, cities and users are different from the past. Consequently, the dynamic changes of the automotive industry trigger both challenges and opportunities. The presentation will discuss these trends and plausible future scenarios.

In order to facilitate these positive changes, we recognised the potential of innovative technologies, including the liquid crystal displays. As the display is the key interface between users and devices/ vehicles, key industry players have acknowledged its significant role in attaining users’ satisfaction. The presentation will outline several initiatives driving technology developments to fulfil the emerging needs.

In the open innovation era, few companies can claim to possess all future technologies in‐house. Therefore, collaborations among players with complementary technologies are especially essential to accelerate new product/ service/ solution development. New industry formation also requires new quality of communication among key value chain players to learn industry insight and to establish mutually beneficial partnerships. The rationale and the objectives of our automotive platform will be introduced.
49‐1: A Novel Pixel Structure Design with High Transmittance
Authors: Liu Xiaona , Guo Yuanhui , Wang Baoqiang , Sang Qi , Li Ning , Liu Bo , Zhang Liang , Chen Junsheng , Che Chuncheng , Wang Dan , Shao Xibin , Dong Xue
Published: June 2017

A high transmittance in‐cell touch LCD using novel pixel structure is proposed. By rotating striped pixel electrode 90 degree to reduce dark zone in the whole pixel, better LC efficiency is expected. This LCD panel's transmittance reaches the level of TN mode LCD without touch function. This new pixel also preserves the wide‐view characteristics as the conventional FFS mode.
58‐1: Invited Paper: New Developments in Video Coding towards Immersive Visual Experience
Authors: Takamura Seishi
Published: June 2017

In 2017, video compression research celebrates its 90‐year‐long history whose incunabulum dates back to the creation of AT&T Bell‐Lab's video phone in 1927. In this paper, we first overview the ever‐advancing history of video coding technology and standardization activities as well as evolution of video signals (quality and experience). Then we review latest and near‐future evolution trends of video coding technology and video signals, particularly on 360‐degree video and light field video. Then we will focus on their massive potential when it is coupled with rapidly advancing head‐mounted display (HMD) technology. Technological requirements from bilateral aspects of video coding and display are also discussed.
59‐1: Invited Paper: Recent Advances in Head‐Mounted Light Field Displays
Authors: Hua Hong
Published: June 2017

One of the many challenges in developing head‐mounted displays (HMD) for is to create natural viewing experiences invulnerable to visual fatigue. Head‐mounted light field displays render a true 3D scene by sampling either the projections of the 3D scene at different depths or the directions of the light rays apparently emitted by the 3D scene and viewed from different eye positions. They are potentially capable of rendering correct or nearly correct focus cues and addressing the very well‐known vergence‐accommodation mismatch problem in conventional virtual and augmented reality displays.
61‐1: Invited Paper: Light‐field Display Architecture and the Challenge of Synthetic Light‐field Radiance Image Rendering
Authors: Burnett Thomas L.
Published: June 2017

The ability to render 3D data/scenes onto 2D displays have greatly enhanced the human ability to visualize complex scenes. However, when 3D information is projected in 2D, many of the natural depth cues are lost or are incorrect requiring a higher cognitive effort from the viewer to reconstruct the scene.

A light‐field display projects perspective correct, full parallax 3D aerial imagery independent of the number of viewers or viewer positions. As such, light‐field displays enable collaboration and promote the analysis of complex information; however, the generation of the synthetic light‐field is computationally challenging with off‐the‐shelf GPUs. Light‐field projection fidelity aside, the high Size, Weight and Power (SWaP) cost of light‐field rendering ultimately limits the deployment of light‐field display systems. This is partly due to the issue that the modern GPUs and rendering APIs do not support multi‐view rendering natively.
62‐1: Invited Paper: Progress Toward the ICDM2 Display Measurements Standard
Authors: Miseli Joe
Published: June 2017

The ICDM (International Committee for Display Metrology) is a standardization committee of SID and in 2012 produced what may be considered to be the most comprehensive and widely used Display Measurement Standard. It was the first standard ever produced within STD.

Now the ICDM is working on version two of the standard, ICDM2 — targeted for release in 2018. Version 1over500pages of display metrology, methods, tutorials, discussions, and references, is deep in content and far‐reaching in range of topics. With version 2, this work goes further by both updating nearly all content with enhancements, clarifications, refinements, expansions, and other types of improvements, and adding vast amount of content to support new and updated display types and technologies that have developed or matured since the initial release.

The result will be a comprehensive reference for display measurements/metrology and discussions from some of the leading experts in the area of display evaluation — a textbook posing as a display metrology standard.
64‐2: Ink‐Jet Printing of High‐Index Zirconia Nanocomposite Materials
Authors: Guschl Peter Christopher , Wang Xinyu , Weinstein Michael Alexander
Published: June 2017

High refractive index (RI) nanocomposites have properties which surpass traditional polymers while maintaining manufacturability. Nanocrystal nanocomposites, when inkjet‐printed, are useful to many displays and lighting components and aid the development of next generation information devices and lighting fixtures. This paper demonstrates inkjet printing capabilities using high RI, highly transparent PixClear® ZrO2 nanocrystal dispersions and nanocomposites.
65‐2: Optical Attachment to Measure Both Eye‐Box/FOV Characteristics for AR/VR Eyewear Displays
Authors: Tsurutani Katsutoshi , Naruse Kazuhiko , Oshima Kosei , Uehara Shinichi , Sato Yoshitaka , Inoguchi Kazutaka , Otsuka Kunio , Wakemoto Hirofumi , Kurashige Makio , Sato Osamu , Cho Michio , Ouchi Satoshi , Oka Hisashi
Published: June 2017

To measure both eye‐box/FOV characteristics of a virtual‐image eyewear display, a new concept attachment, whose conjugate focal plane is set to an exit pupil of the eyewear display, has been developed. Two‐dimensional luminance distributions on the plane perpendicular to the optical axis can be obtained, and which derive eye‐box/FOV characteristics.
65‐3: Spectroradiometric Measurements of Near‐Eye and Head Up Displays
Authors: Austin Richard L. , Drews Brian , Vogt Trevor , Fedoriouk Victor , Denning Bruce , Vachlin Frank
Published: June 2017

Repeatable and reproducible results of luminance, color, and uniformity measurements of Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) Near Eye Displays are given. We describe: the 5mm diameter entrance pupil, 5 to 0.1 degree FOV tele‐spectroradiometer design; eye box position induced variation in results and compare two methods of color uniformity mapping.
65‐4: Novel Methods for Measuring VR/AR Performance Factors from OLED/LCD
Authors: Jokinen Kimmo P. , Nivala Wen
Published: June 2017

Traditionally, measuring virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) performance is very complex and costly. In this paper, a novel and compact method for measuring end‐to‐end performance has been proposed, which introduces various latency and motion blur factors with a simple and cost‐effective end‐to‐end measurement implementation for different display technologies including organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) and light‐emitting diode (LCD).
76‐1: Invited Paper: Optimization of Applied Materials PiVotTM Array Coater for Metal Oxide Semiconductor Layers
Authors: Park Hyun Chan , Kloeppel Andreas , Bhoolokam Ajay Sampath , Hanika Markus , Bender Marcus , Busch John D , Hsu Hao-Chien , Yim Dong Kil
Published: June 2017

Applied Materials' static PVD array coater using rotary targets has been developed to provide less in‐film particle, high target utilization performance by novel rotary target technology and uniform layer deposition by unique magnet motion in display industry. It has been optimized to provide highly stable and uniform thin metal oxide layer to reach uniform TFT performance for large area substrate (2500x2200mm glass size).
80‐1: When is the Best Time to Switch Modes of Light Adaptable Displays for Lower Power and Better Visibility?
Authors: Kim Jeong-Sik , Kim Seung-Ryeol , Lee Seung-Hyuck , Jeon Dong-Hwan , Yoon Seong-Ho , Lee Seung-Woo
Published: June 2017

Light adaptable displays (LADs) were proposed for less power consumption and higher visibility regardless of ambient lighting conditions. LADs is a hybrid type of display comprising reflective and emissive (transmissive) displays. In this paper, we propose a new method to find when to switch the modes through a psychophysical experiments for the first time in the world. In order to find the optimum condition, we conduct psychophysical experiments for various reflectance of the reflective display. Through calculation, we compare power consumption of a liquid crystal display (LCD) and an LAD comprising LCD and reflective display, which verifies that the LAD can consume only 10–20% power of the LCD.
P‐12: Extraction of Sub‐Gap Density of States for Deteriorated Oxide Semiconductor TFTs
Authors: Abe Katsumi , Fujinaga Masato , Furui Yoshiharu , Guichard Eric
Published: June 2017

We propose an extraction method of sub‐gap density of states (sub‐gap DOSs) for deteriorated oxide semiconductor thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Since the sub‐gap DOSs in the TFTs are high, the potential in the channel oxide semiconductor must bend under depletion and accumulation operations even if the drain current is low. In this method, the band‐bending is considered and the DOSs of such the TFT can be extracted from one transfer curve at low drain voltage. This method is simple and useful to evaluate the maximum values of the DOSs.
P‐13: Quantitative Analysis and Deconvolution of Subgap States in Amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O
Authors: Ide Keisuke , Kishida Yosuke , Ueda Shigenori , Ohashi Naoki , Hiramatsu Hidenori , Hosono Hideo , Kamiya Toshio
Published: June 2017

Amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O has several origins of subgap states, causing TFT instability. We report experimental evidences that desorption of weakly‐bonded oxygen and hydrogen treatments produce the electron traps above valence band maximum (VBM). Those have different spectrum shapes, which are characterized by their peak energies, 0.6–0.9, and 1.7 eV from VBM.
P‐16: Implementation of TCAD Simulation of a‐IGZO Corbino TFTs for AMOLED Application
Authors: Han Ji-Ung , Lee Won-Seok , Tak Nam-Kyun , Choi In-Chol , Kim Jin-young , Hwang Man-gyu , Geng Di , Choe Younwoo , Jang Jin
Published: June 2017

We studied the effects of Corbino structure amorphous indium‐galium‐zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) using TCAD and circuit simulator. The Corbino structure shows the special behavior with drain electrode in inner or outer. By simulation, we confirm the Corbino structure have better performance than conventional structure for AMOLED pixel circuit.
P‐19: Suppression of Light Induced Instability of BCE InGaZnO Transistors and Panel Flicker Improvement for 32‐in. 8K4K LCD
Authors: Shi Long-Qiang , Chen Shu-Jhih , Chou Yi-Fang , Ge Shi-Min , Zhao Yang , Zeng Li-Mei , Zeng Mian , Wang Tian-Hong , Chen Ren-Lu , Liao Cong-Wei , Lv Xiao-Wen , Li Wen-Ying , Zhang CK , Chiu Chung-Yi , Liu X , Lee Chia-Yu
Published: June 2017

Illumination instability of BCE IGZO TFT was studied in this paper. It was found that the distance between island‐in IGZO and gate electrode is larger than 2μm (P2) could be able to resist light induced device deterioration effectively. We also found that P4 was an optimum distance for flicker performance compared to P2 design, the flicker level of P2 and P4 is 25dB and HdB respectively. Finally, a high performance 32‐inch 8K4K IGZO LCD was successfully demonstrated based on all the study above.
P‐65: Application of Large Curvature LCDs and Glass Fracture Analysis
Authors: Hsiao Ken , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Pangling , Xu Xiaojie , Feng Jiani , Lv Chengling , Tang Guofu
Published: June 2017

Capability of enduring bending stress is an initial premise of great curvature LCD application. Fracture strength and reliable lifetime of great curvature LCD glass are invested in the paper. Choosing thinner LCD glass substrates or improving grinding quality of LCD glass can decrease the probability of breaking caused by bending stress.
P‐66: Study on the Stress Deformation in the Border Zone of LCD Panel
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Ran , Zhou Jideng , Cao Chengying , Wang Zhangtao , Shao Xibin
Published: June 2017

It is important to the display uniformity that the glass stress deformation in the LCD border zone. For studying the deformation, we established the design rules based on the mechanical model, which included PS height, sealant height, sealing area width and dummy zone support. Afterwards, by means of single‐factor, double‐factor and DOE experiments, the adjusting principles was proposed when the calculated result is not the actual optimal condition.
P‐68: Analysis and Solution of Horizontal Line Defect Occurred During Reliability Test in 55' UD TFT‐LCD TV with a‐Si Integrated Gate Driver Technology
Authors: Zeng LiMei , Lyv XiaoWen , Chen ShuJhih , Chou YiFang , Lee ChiaYu , Liu Xiang , Liu XiaoDi , Chen RenLu , Liao CongWei , Wang TianHong
Published: June 2017

Analysis results demonstrates in this paper for gradation horizontal line (H‐line) occurred in reliability (aging) test on amorphous silicon TFT‐LCDs with integrated gate driver technology (short as GOA circuit). There are two factors that induce H‐line: GOA gate output and data inversion type. Changing these two factors could eliminate or relieve H‐line defect.
P‐77: Novel and Highly Reliable XeF and KrF Excimer Laser Annealing for Reducing the Cost of Flat Panel Display Equipment
Authors: Imokawa Kaname , Tanaka Satoshi , Ashikawa Koji , Watanabe Yosuke , Nagashima Takayuki , Maekawa Junichi , Katsuumi Hisakazu , Umeda Hiroshi , Nohdomi Ryoichi , Matsunaga Takashi , Suzuki Akiyoshi , Fujimoto Junichi , Mizoguchi Hakaru
Published: June 2017

One of the most important goals of flat panel display (FPD) manufacturing is to reduce the cost of excimer laser annealing (ELA) processes of low‐temperature poly‐Si (LTPS) technology. We developed novel XeF (351 nm) and KrF (248 nm) excimer lasers specially designed for ELA. The semiconductor‐field‐proven excimer laser technologies are applied to stabilize the operation and to reduce the cost.
P‐217: Designing the Coil Assembly to Solve Mask Deformation
Authors: Liu Yaoyang , Xu Jian , Wu Yong
Published: June 2017

A design of coil assembly is proposed to solve mask deformation due to gravity. Coils provide the superposition of uniform magnetic field and uniform gradient magnetic field. As a result, even magnetic force is exerted on ferromagnetic mask to counterbalance its gravity. The magnetic force varies slowly with vertical location.
P‐226L: Late-News Poster The Optical Design of Head‐mounted Display System Based on Computer Generated Holography
Authors: Chuang Chih-Hao , Chen Chien-Yu , Chang Hsuan-Ting , Lin Hoang-Yan
Published: June 2017

This study proposes a head‐mounted holographic display systems which adopts modified Gerchberg Saxton algorithm (MGSA) to produce the point composition of the computer generated phase only function (CGPOF), and transfers the information to LCoS with presenting. The diffraction images can be transferred through the eyepiece and imaged on the retina. In this study, Zemax is used for the design and optimization of the eyepiece, and the zoom mechanism of human eyes which can image on the retina is also considered. Finally, the objective image quality of the head‐mounted holographic display system is analyzed
P‐90: Visibility Analysis of a Transparent Display using Fourier Optics
Authors: Lee Chan-Ho , Park Ju-Un , Kim Hyun-gon , Yoo Duk-keun , Lee Won-Ho , Jun Myung-chul , Kang In-Byeong
Published: June 2017

Transparency which means how see‐through images behind transparent display can be seen is determined by transmittance and visibility. In order to analyze visibility of the two, simulation using Fourier optics was performed. Simulated results are highly consistent with experimental results in transparent OLEDs and LCDs.
P‐92: A Holographic Display System with Suppressed Speckle Noise
Authors: Liu Su-juan , Wang Di , Wang Qiong-Hua
Published: June 2017

We propose a holographic display system with suppressed speckle noise based on two spatial light modulators. By reducing the coherence of the reconstructed light and separating the adjacent image points in space, the speckle noise is suppressed. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed system requires less computational burden and spatial light modulators with lower refresh rate to suppress the speckle noise.
P‐94: Distinguished Student Poster: Three Dimensional Lenticular Display Rendering Based on Light Field Acquisition
Authors: Pei Renjing , Geng Zheng , Ma Kui , Mei Zhang , Rong Wang
Published: June 2017

Crosstalk is a critical defect affecting quality in 3D displays. Existing methods require tedious computations or device‐specific optical measurements and results are often sub‐optimal for 3D productions. We propose a method based on light field acquisition and optimization for crosstalk reduction. Algorithms were developed and experimental results showed superior performance.
P‐109: Lens Array Design for Collimated LED Backlight in Helmet‐Mounted Display
Authors: Qibin Feng , Qigong Li , Xiaojun Zhang , Dejun Li , Zuchuan Shi , Guoqiang Lv
Published: June 2017

It is better for LED backlight in helmet‐mounted display to provide collimated light to achieve high efficiency. The paper presents a simple design method for planar lightsource. The edge light theory is exploited to make the planar lightsource become a virtual spot lightsource. The practical test results show that the central luminance of the backlight with the lens array has 320% increase than the backlight without the lens array. FWHM decreases from 39° with 2 diffuser fdms to 12° with 1 diffuser film and the lens array.
P‐98: A Turnkey Solution to Automatic Calibration and Crosstalk Reduction for Mobile Three‐dimensional Display
Authors: Ma Kui , Pei Renjing , Geng Zheng
Published: June 2017

Existing mapping methods for microlens arrays 3D display, especially for mobile devices, require tedious and device‐dependent measurement. No turnkey solution exists. We propose a turnkey solution to automatic calibration and crosstalk reduction for mobile 3D display, based on camera capture and optimization that requires no prior knowledge of microlens parameters.
P‐112: Sound Quality Improvement of a Flat‐Panel Display Front Speaker: Emotional and EEG Test of Exciter Speaker
Authors: Lee SungTae , Park HyungWoo , Bae Myung-Jin , Park Kwanho
Published: June 2017

Along with the development in OLED TV panel manufacturing technology, the thickness of the panel is thinned, and the durability is also improved. It is also possible to generate sound by directly driving the panel. In this study, we have analyzed the acoustic characteristics of a directly driving the OLED panel speakers, using electroencephalography(EEG), in addition study the advantages of direct driving sound. OLED TV with direct drive speakers has a basic effect of matching the positions of the screen and sound. This is because the direction of the sound and the direction of the screen coincide with the viewers of the TV, so that the stress is less and the viewing is comfortable compared to the conventional TV. The acoustic characteristics of proposed OLED speakers are high in resolution. And the sound quality is better than ordinary TVs, because of direct transferred sound instead of listening to reflections or differenced sound sources compared with.
P‐113: Processing Technology and Application of a Bar Display based on TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Hsiao Ken , Li Quan , Tang Guofu , Rong Wenlong , Li Xiaohua , Chen Jie , Wei Hongquan
Published: June 2017

This paper exhibited a simple and low‐cost processing method of bar‐display screen based on TFT‐LCD, and the existing issues in the process of product development, such as LC Bubble, vertical bright and dark lines, were solved. The development of bar display technique based on TFT‐LCD in the commercial display, though our research, will be enormously promoted.
P‐101: Method of Accelerated Elemental Image Array Generation for Integral Imaging Display
Authors: Xing Yan , Xiong Zhao-Long , Deng Huan , Wang Qiong-Hua
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we propose an accelerated elemental image array (EIA) generation method for integral imaging display. The EIA is directly generated by the calculated mapping matrices which are from original parallaxes to the EIA. We simplify the camera array calibration process, parallax alignment and interweaving processes into a simple remapping operation. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly accelerate the EIA generation.
P‐104: Holographic See‐through AR Display with Zero‐order Eliminated
Authors: Zhou Pengcheng , Li Yan , Liu Shuxin , Huang Shuaijia , Chen Quanming , Su Yikai
Published: June 2017

We demonstrate an optical‐see‐through holographic display with zero‐order eliminated, for augmented reality applications. It could achieve a fairly large field of view of 32° with a 4K spatial light modulator. Besides, a compact design is proposed based on holographic optical elements and a waveguide.
P‐172: Solution‐Processed Polymer and Small‐Molecule Tandem OLEDs
Authors: Chiba Takayuki , Pu Yong-Jin , Ohisa Satoru , Kido Junji
Published: June 2017

We demonstrate the fabrication of highly efficient solution‐processed fluorescent polymer and phosphorescent small‐molecule tandem organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) comprising two light‐emitting units (LEUs) and a charge generation layer (CGL). The phosphomolybdic acid or poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) mixed with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were used as a CGL. The bilayer of zinc oxide (ZnO) and polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) serves as a solution‐processed electron injection layer (EIL). Development of these highly efficient solution‐processed tandem OLEDs paves the way to printable and low‐cost white lightings source.
P‐175: Direct Electron Beam Micropatterning and Thermal Annealing of Organic Light Emitting Devices
Authors: Bodenstein Elisabeth , Saager Stefan , Metzner Mario , Hoffmann Marie , Hild Olaf , Metzner Christoph , Vogel Uwe
Published: June 2017

An approach for direct electron beam micropatterning is presented, whereby the emission of an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) can be modified at high‐resolution by using a focused electron beam through its encapsulation. By subsequent thermal annealing it is possible to tune the optical and electrical properties of the OLED.
P‐129: Zero‐Stress Thin‐film Encapsulation Method for Increasing the Intrinsic Stability of Flexible OLEDs
Authors: Jeong Eun Gyo , Lim Myung Sub , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: June 2017

A zero‐stress thin‐film encapsulation method was developed to mitigate residual stress. By keeping total residual stress at a minimum, the intrinsic mechanical stability of the encapsulated device was increased. The lifetimes of FOLEDs using the zero‐stress encapsulation method were increased by more than 35% compared with conventional encapsulation.
P‐178: A Novel Capacitance Compensating Method for Luminance Uniformity
Authors: Song Yanqin , Zhu Hui , Gao Xiaoyu , Huang Xiuqi
Published: June 2017

To improve luminance uniformity in circular display, a new design is introduced to compensate the capacitance of data line. In this paper, one unique capacitor fabricated by doped poly‐silicon and metal1 is developed to reduce the adverse influence of uneven parasitic capacitance on data lines. The luminance uniformity is up to ~95%. The design also simplifies the complexity of process and minimizes the border width.
P‐183: Study of Electrical Probing through Thin‐film Encapsulation Made of Al2O3 Films Deposited by Low Temperature ALD onto Different Metallic Underlayers
Authors: Maindron Tony , Troc Nicolas , Aventurier Bernard , Mandrillon Vincent , Delaye Vincent , Vandeneynde Aurelie
Published: June 2017

A qualitative study of electrical probing through 25 nm thick amorphous Al2O3 barrier layers, made by low temperature ALD, has been developed. It has been found that the effectiveness of probing depends on the metallic layer beneath the oxide barrier. While a 100 nm thick Cr layer does not allow any probing through the oxide, softer metals like Al turn out to be ideal candidates. From a mechanical point‐of‐view, nano‐indentation studies (normal nano‐indentation with a Berkovitch indenter) onto Al2O3 films made onto the different metals reveal that their mechanical properties are different. While Al2O3 onto Cr is very stiff, Al2O3 deposited onto Al is softer, allowing electrical probes to reach the metal underneath.
P‐192: Efficient Deep Red Phosphorescent OLEDs with an EL Emission Peak of 670 nm
Authors: Ito Takashi , Nagai Yuji , Sasabe Hisahiro , Onuma Natsuki , Ohisa Satoru , Kido Junji
Published: June 2017

Dibenzofuran containing electron‐transporting host materials are developed for deep red phosphorescent OLEDs. These materials can form an exciplex with NPD, and used as host materials. An optimized OLED showed an EQE of 16% with a low turn‐on voltage of 2.4 V with an EL emission peak of 670 nm.