bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identical twins, different voices
Authors: Nolan Francis , Oh Tomasina
Published: March 2015

The differences between voices are often broadly categorized as either ‘organic’ or ‘learned’, implying that some are determined by our anatomical inheritance, and others by what we copy from people around us or choose in order to mark our individuality. It is normally impossible, however, to assign observable differences to one source or the other, since neither source is experimentally controllable. In the case of identical twins, nature provides such a control. It can reasonably be assumed that the anatomical differences within a pair of identical twins are minimal. Differences between their voices, if any, may be attributed to ‘learning’ and, furthermore, if the twins have grown up in the same environment, to choices rather than to direct imitation. This paper presents a study of the /l/ and /r/ phonemes of three pairs of identical twins.
Preparing a voice lineup
Authors: Nolan Francis , Grabe Esther
Published: March 2015

This paper will describe the preparation and implementation of a voice lineup or voice parade which formed part of the police investigation into a rape. The police supplied, as a sample of a suspect's voice, the statutory recording of a police interview with the suspect, and also speech samples from eight of their panel of volunteers for identity parades to act as ‘foils’. The task was to create a voice parade which would be fair to the suspect. Fragments free of incriminating content were edited from the suspect's sample to provide a 30 second composite sample of his speech, and a similar editing procedure was followed for the ‘foils’. A further speaker, for whom an interview recording was available, was also added. To ensure the fairness of the samples, two experiments were carried out in accordance with recommendations formulated at the Forensic Laboratory of the Dutch Justice Ministry. The first provided an estimate of the relative perceived distance of each of the foils from the suspect. The two speakers least like the suspect were eliminated. The second ensured that neither the suspect nor any of the foils sounded stereotypically like a rapist. The problems inherent in such experiments will be discussed, as will the procedure and outcome of the voice parade.
The classification of different phonation types in emotional and neutral speech
Authors: Klasmeyer Gudrun , Sendlmeier Walter F.
Published: March 2015

A general approach is proposed towards the objective measurement of different phonation types in fluent speech. Signal characteristics of the transglottal airflow are discussed with regard to the question of how voice quality and type of phonation can be measured in the acoustic speech signal. In natural communication situations voice quality is often a combination of different types of phonation. This is one reason why several acoustic parameters are required for an adequate description of voice quality. The following experiment focuses on emotion-specific changes in acoustic correlates of voice quality. Emotional arousal can influence the speaker's voice quality or type of phonation and listeners use this knowledge to attribute affective states to the speaker. The forensic relevance of the investigation can be seen in speaker identification tasks. From the experiment the conclusion cannot be drawn that voice quality must change under emotional arousal. Hence the analysis of acoustic speech signals cannot serve as a reliable method of measuring the speaker's affective state.
Phonetic manifestations of cognitive and physical stress in trained and untrained police officers
Authors: Jessen Marianne
Published: March 2015

Two groups of subjects, one with stress management training and one without, were exposed to two types of psychological stress, one with a dominance in cognitive activity (including memorizing events), one with a dominance in physical activity (including precision shooting) and concentration. Speech samples were recorded in two stress conditions and in two non-stress conditions. Measurements were made of the parameters F0-mean, F0-standard deviation, and syllable duration. Means and standard deviations of F0 were determined both on the intra-syllable and on the utterance level. It was found that F0-mean and intra-syllable F0 standard deviation were most important as indices of psychological stress. Higher values for these parameters were obtained in stressed than in unstressed speech and higher values under physical than under cognitive stress. Experience in stress management training leads to an overall reduction of the verbal stress response, in particular in the cognitive condition.
Textual kidnapping - a case of plagiarism among three student texts?
Authors: Johnson Alison
Published: March 2015

The linguistic analysis of text for forensic purposes has been developing rapidly over the past decade. However, the discipline has done so in spite of a lack of established tools, methods or theories. Writers in the field have been contributing to a suite of techniques and methods of analysis and this paper offers some further tools for the statistical analysis of text. A case of alleged plagiarism is investigated through the use of two computer programs: Vocalyse and File Comparison. The discussion demonstrates how a quantitative statistical investigation of hapaxes, unique and common lexical and closed class vocabulary can support a qualitative textual analysis, in order to establish whether a case of plagiarism has occurred. The statistical tools and methods explained are offered as examples for use and development by readers.
‘If it doesn't fit, you must acquit’: metaphor and the O.J. Simpson criminal trial
Authors: Cotterill Janet
Published: March 2015

This paper analyses the use of metaphor in the prosecution and defence closing arguments of the O.J. Simpson criminal trial as a conceptualizing device for both the trial and its participants. It studies the relative distribution of these representations, which include military, sporting and theatrical metaphors. Moreover it shows that these metaphorical constructs serve very different functions; in the prosecution closing argument as a structuring device, and in the defence equivalent as a dramatic highlighter of particular individuals and events. The paper continues with a detailed analysis of two specific metaphorical references: the criminal trial as the completion of a jigsaw puzzle and Simpson, the defendant, as an unpredictable time-bomb.
The ‘telephone effect’ on formants: a response
Authors: Nolan Francis
Published: March 2015

This article is a response to Hermann Künzel's article ‘Beware of the telephone effect”: the influence of telephone transmission on the measurement of formant frequencies’ (Forensic Linguistics 8(1), 80–99). There, he shows convincingly that the evaluation of formant frequencies, notably F1, is affected by the band-pass filter effect of telephone transmission. This response does not question his data, or cast doubt on the general lesson to be drawn on the need for caution in estimating formant frequencies from telephone speech, or engage with the issues of dialectological methodology with which he is in part concerned, but it does challenge the apparent strength of the conclusion he draws for forensic speaker identification (FSI). His conclusion could be read as endorsing a complete exclusion of formants from the FSI process, and his article will, I fear, be misinterpreted by some as justification for setting aside a valuable source of speaker-characterizing acoustic information in FSI.
“Powerful/Powerless” language in court: A critical re-evaluation of the Duke Language and Law Programme
Authors: Thompson Joanna Kerr
Published: March 2015

The Duke Language and Law Programme, conducted in North Carolina in the 1970s, is still widely cited as evidencing, most notably, that ‘powerless’ language used by witnesses in court adversely influences juror evaluations of their credibility (Tiersma 1999; Gibbons 1994; Levi and Walker 1990). This article will critically reappraise aspects of Duke’s methodological design and query the group’s claims regarding the impact of ‘powerless’ speech. It will further suggest that in order to create a more established future role for forensic linguists as ‘advisers’ to justice system professionals and participants, the ‘duty of care’ owed by linguists to their ‘clients’ must be more closely defined.
Dialogue or Confrontation?
Authors: Ringvee Ringo
Published: March 2015

The article focuses on the relations between the state , mainstream religions and new religious movements in Estonia from the early 1990s until today. Estonia has been known as one of highly secular and religiously liberal countries. During the last twenty years Estonian religious scene has become considerably more pluralist, and there are many different religious traditions represented in Estonia. The governmental attitude toward new religious movements has been rather neutral, and the practice of multi-tier recognition of religious associations has not been introduced. As Estonia has been following neoliberal governance also in the field of religion, the idea that the religious market should regulate itself has been considered valid. Despite of the occasional conflicts between the parties in the early 1990s when the religious market was created the tensions did decrease in the following years. The article argues that one of the fundamental reasons for the liberal attitude towards different religious associations by the state and neutral coexistence of different traditions in society is that Estonian national identity does not overlap with any particular religious identity.
Cracks in the Network Conversion Paradigm
Authors: Lewis James
Published: March 2015

One of the standard generalizations about new religions is that people convert to NRMs primarily through preexisting social networks. The present paper examines data on a variety of new religions which demonstrates that social networks are not always the dominant point of contact for new converts. Additionally, recruitment patterns change over time so that different factors become dominant at different points in a movement’s development. Two reasons why this variability has escaped the attention of most researchers is an unconscious tendency to assume that the sociological profiles of members of different NRMs are essentially similar, and the fact that such groups are typically studied synchronically rather than diachronically.
Damanhur, An Exemplary Utopia
Authors: Palmisano Stefania , Pannofino Nicola Luciano
Published: March 2015

The Damanhur Federation, situated in Valchiusella, Piedmont, Italy, is one of the most structured and long-lived esoteric communities in Europe. Beginning with a reconstruction of its history and organizational changes, from its foundation in 1975 to the present, this article aims to analyse how—by means of exoteric initiatives of a social nature, increasing gradually over the years—the original spiritual-esoteric Utopia meshed with the community’s need for self-sufficiency. With this objective in mind, we shall analyse the online (official websites) communication rhetoric with which Damanhur presents itself to the outside world as a spiritual community, while at the same time advertising and legitimizing itself as a cultural and commercial organization.
Making Applied Linguistics Matter
Authors: Candlin Christopher N. , Sarangi Srikant
Published: March 2015

The inaugural editorial for the new journal
The preallocation of student topic nomination and negotiated compliance in conversation-for-learning
Authors: Nao Marion
Published: March 2015

This paper explores teacher-student interaction in the English conversation lounge of a Japanese university, in which students are advised to pre-select a topic of interaction prior to engaging teachers of EFL in conversation-for-learning, i.e. conversation for the students’ implied acquisitional benefit. Such preallocation of student topic nomination presents an attempt to deinstitutionalize discourse by reversing the teacher-student roles which are assumed to otherwise reflexively sustain an apparent institutional default of asymmetry of speaking rights. This institutionally prescribed norm is examined through illustrative transcripts of audio-data in which the participants in conversation overtly signal their expectations of who is to nominate topic. Such framing of talk at the onset of topic nomination is analysed with reference to the participants’ use of pronominal deixis and ‘talk about’ as explicit metacommunication. It is by these means that participant assumptions underlying the nomination of topic are investigated, allowing for a fuller understanding of the implications on interaction of the preallocation of student topic nomination. This provides further insight into the way in which preallocation as an institutionalized process may, in fact, inhibit conversationalization, counter to the way intended.
Individuals, institutions and the the uses of literacy
Authors: Heath Shirley Brice , Kramsch Claire
Published: March 2015

A conversation recorded at UC Berkeley, 29 September 2003
The integration of language and content
Authors: Jones Alan , Sin Samantha
Published: March 2015

In 2001–2002, we were funded to integrate the teaching of selected generic skills with the teaching of accounting content in a first year accounting unit. Integrated materials were collaboratively designed, trialed in semester 2, 2002, and evaluated immediately afterwards. The new materials were presented as an integral, assessable component of the syllabus. The intervention produced a marked improvement in student learning (Sin & Jones, 2003), which was assessed using objective criteria combining considerations of content and expression. The materials were essentially adaptations of the task-types used in communicative language teaching and testing, designed to ensure that students focused on content rather than form. We hypothesized that, if form is driven by meaning, an improvement in language proficiency would accompany improved understanding of content, both achievable through a sustained focus on meaning. This note briefly outlines the kinds of task used and results obtained.
Between Professional and Orgamizational
Authors: Engeström Yrjö
Published: March 2015

Western health care is undergoing deep transformation. Its direction and contents are contested and ambiguous. While hierarchical and market-driven models are the most widely used alternatives to organize the mass production of medical services, there is also an emerging direction that seeks team- and network-based models to achieve collaborative communities in health care organizations, often crossing institutional boundaries and creating new forms of interorganizational partnerships What is needed is historical and contextual sensitivity to the broad patterns of organizing health care that penetrate and shape discourse. In the articles of this special issue, the distinction between professional dominance and organizational or institutional policy plays an important role.
The Conditions and Consequences of Professional Discourse Studies
Authors: Sarangi Srikant
Published: March 2015

In this paper I revisit some of the basic premises of applied linguistics research, with particular reference to the emergent field of professional discourse studies. Beginning with an overall orientation towards different paradigms of applied research, I outline the main facets of an applied linguistic mentality as a basis for developing what I call an ‘Applied Linguistics of Professions’. I then go on to offer an overview of the communicative turn in medical education and practice in the UK. I draw upon my own work in recent years in a number of healthcare sites to engage with some of the challenges facing applied linguists in an interdisciplinarily crowded space, in terms of both analytic practice and uptake of research output. With regard to the conditions of analytic practice, I focus on how categorisation and interpretation are central to all professional activity, to the extent that within applied linguistics and discourse studies, these are both the object of study and the process through which we study the professional habitus. With regard to the consequences of our research, I offer a set of observations that can be seen as a way of opening a dialogue among communication researchers and professional practitioners around issues of ‘discovery/usefulness’ and discriminatory expertise’, if our research is to attain practical relevance.
Emergence of evaluative stance
Authors: Hedeboe Bodil
Published: March 2015

The goal of this corpus study is to trace developmental language patterns of (L1 and L2) primary school children’s stories from Primary three to Primary five. The study focuses on genre-specific, interpersonal language resources chosen by the students to construe an evaluative stance. The L2 student texts are the first results of an ongoing genre-based pedagogic project involving explicit teaching of genre. The L1 student texts represent a control group whose pedagogic background is unknown to the researcher. The study applies analysis of story phases (Rose 2006; Martin and Rose 2008) and the annotation software UAM CORPUS TOOL, based on a systemic functional linguistic framework (Halliday and Matthiessen 2004; O’Donnell 2008). The analysis implies that the students seem to develop resources to construe stories that involve some distinct linguistic choices essential to fulfil the socio-cultural purpose of the story genre.
Reconfiguring self/identity/status/role
Authors: Sarangi Srikant
Published: March 2015

Concepts such as self, identity, status and role are central to discourse analytical endeavours. However, these concepts are used interchangeably, and sometimes in a conflated manner (e.g., self-identity, role-identity), by scholars within and across different analytical domains with overlapping ontological and epistemological trajectories. Beginning with a broader theoretical discussion of self, status and identity from sociological and social psychological traditions, in this paper I focus on role and role performance in professional settings. Using Goffman's work as a bridge I then offer an interactional perspective on role performance which is extended to the doctorpatient relationship in healthcare encounters. The illustrative data examples are taken from the primary care setting, drawing attention to the doctor's competing roles, i.e., therapeutic and pedagogic, contained within the professional role-set in an ethos which is predominantly steered towards patient-centred healthcare delivery. My main argument is that an examination of professional role-performance at the interactional level is capable of offering interesting theoretical and empirical insights.
Empathy as ‘appraisal’
Authors: Pounds Gabrina
Published: March 2015

It is widely argued that empathy can and should be taught as part of medical training and attempts have been made to incorporate the teaching of empathy in medical school programmes of study. Empathy, however, is particularly difficult to define and measure. Various definitions and rating scales have been used but no systematic overview of the potential verbal realisation of empathy has so far been produced. This study is concerned with providing such an overview. The existing consultation training material aimed at medical professionals (e.g. Piasecky, 2003; Silverman et al. 2005 and Moulton, 2007) and relevant linguistic studies (Suchman et al. 1997; Wynn and Wynn, 2006 and Martinovsky et al. 2007) form the basis for the exploration of relevant dimensions of empathy and its potential verbal realisation. The ‘appraisal’ framework (Martin and White, 2005) developed within a systemic functional approach to discourse analysis is then used to help build a provisional framework of the levels of attitudinal (particularly, affective) expression inherent in empathic communication. Suggestions are made as to how the validity of the expressive categories identified may be tested and further refined and how the insights from this study may be applied within the medical context.
Reconceptualising teachers’ directive and supportive scaffolding in bilingual classrooms within the neo-Vygotskyan approach
Authors: Saxena Mukul
Published: March 2015

This paper reconceptualises ‘directive’ and ‘supportive’ scaffolding (Silliman and Wilkinson, 1994) within the wider neo-Vygotskyan literature to examine how these concepts could be operationalised through the triadic dialogues of IRE (initiate-response-evaluation) and IRF (initiate-response-feedback). This theoretical reconceptualisation is applied to classroom interaction in a multilingual context. The audio-recordings and transcripts of the teaching-learning events are drawn from a long-term research based in schools and communities in Brunei Darussalam, in Southeast Asia. The findings from the discussions with the class teachers, ethnographic observations of the socio-cultural contexts of the two selected classrooms, other similar classrooms and the wider society contribute towards explaining why the directive and supportive scaffolding occurs. This explanation points to the need for combining neo-Vygotskyan approach with the critical perspective for a better understanding of the micro-interaction in the bilingual classroom. It is concluded that micro-analyses of the classroom interaction alone do not provide the whole picture and a universal injunction to incorporate analyses of teachers’ talk cannot be the answer. The way forward is to draw on the linguistic ethnographic approach to study bilingual classrooms that should take into account the complex interaction between the micro-interaction in the classroom, the macro-level socio-cultural factors, as well as micro-interactional practices in the wider society.
Twitter as a means of class participation
Authors: Dayter Daria
Published: March 2015

Earlier studies have shown that tutoring in reading strategies reflects positively on the acquisition of skills and construction of knowledge. However, the suggested ways of carrying out such training – via individual face-to-face instruction or tutoring software – require time and specialized resources which are not always available in a university seminar. In the study reported here, I investigate the possibility of making reading strategy training more feasible through the use of a widely accessible microblogging platform, Twitter. In the experiment, students were required to tweet comments on their reading with the objective of prompt self-explanation. The qualitative data drawn from post-seminar interviews and content analysis of tweets indicate that students spontaneously resort to self-explanation strategies and develop from predominantly low-level to high-level strategy use in the course of the seminar. Other positive effects included an increased commitment to reading, stimulation of in-class discussion and enhancement of a feeling of community among learners.
Interdisciplinary collaboration for clinical skills acquisition in the transition to ward-based learning
Authors: Paul Andrea , Gilbert Kara
Published: March 2015

Internationalization of higher education affects strategies accommodating different learning styles and the provision of communication and learning support to students. This paper describes clinical communication skills training initiatives developed by linguists in collaboration with clinicians for undergraduate medical students on their first clinical placement. This approach deconstructs the language, underlying behavioural factors, argumentation and interactional features of professional tasks, serving several pedagogical purposes: learning needs analysis; deconstruction of tutor modelling; and concrete strategies to improve learner performance. Communication frameworks and their application are described with two illustrative cases. Three years of evaluation data determined impacts on students and tutors. Students report increased confidence in communication, capacity to practise clinical skills independently and supported integration of medical knowledge into clinical practice. Co-delivery enriched teaching methodology for tutors. Collaboration between linguists and clinicians provides a useful model for clinical and communication skills teaching in a wide range of undergraduate and graduate clinical and health discipline training contexts.
'Archaeologies of Archaeologies of the Contemporary Past'
Authors: González-Ruibal Alfredo , Harrison Rodney , Holtorf Cornelius , Wilkie Laurie
Published: March 2015

This interview with Victor Buchli and Gavin Lucas was undertaken over email during the Summer / Autumn of 2013 and coordinated by Alfredo González-Ruibal on behalf of the editorial team: Alfredo González-Ruibal, Rodney Harrison, Cornelius Holtorf and Laurie Wilkie. An initial set of questions was drafted and agreed amongst members of the editorial team, and a series of follow-up questions (indicated by the presence of author’s initials) were subsequently posed in cases where individuals hoped the interviewees might expand on particular points. These have been maintained in the text to allow the reader to follow the various threads which each interviewer chose to pursue.
Adorned for Death
Authors: Daviau P M Michèle
Published: March 2015

Intrusive burials disrupt the neat stratigraphy that archaeologists long for in their quest for the evidence of ancient life. Nevertheless, these burials are themselves testimony to the peoples who have lived, worked or travelled through the region for trade, resource acquisition, or pilgrimage. These burials also contain high status artefacts which themselves provide evidence of wealth, status, or special care bestowed on the deceased. Such is the case with glass bracelets with colourful trails and patches that testify to a specialized craft during the late Medieval and early Ottoman periods. This paper presents a study of a small group of ornate glass bracelets recovered from in situ burials at Khirbat al-Mudayna on Wadi Thamad in central Jordan, and compares them with larger assemblages from Palestine, the Jordan Valley and the Karak plateau.
Epitaph of an 'Amiri (Cordova 374 H /985 CE)
Authors: Barceló Carmen
Published: March 2015

An analysis of a marble tombstone in London’s Victoria & Albert Museum, which was acquired in its entirety in Cordova (Spain) in 1916, has provided information on some of the slaves freed by the hajib Muhammad b. Abi 'Amir, better known as al-Mansur, and the activities and the lives they led in his court in the Umayyad capital of al-Andalus. A careful study of the marble slab’s internal and external characteristics yields the following conclusion: that this piece possibly served as a gravestone for a young male child that died in the year 374 H/985 CE, son of a relative or fictitious member of the family of al-Mansur, whose genealogy is reflected in the deceased child’s nasab, which reads “son of Muhammad al-'Amiri.” To arrive at this conclusion, it was necessary to gather as much information as possible regarding all the persons in al-Andalus using the nisbah al-'Amiri, culling data from chronicles, biographies, and artistic and literary sources. This analysis revealed two lineages: Some uses of the name seemed to be associated with ancient Arab tribes from the North (Qahtanids) and the South ('Adnanids), but most seem to be linked to the wala’ system of patronage, especially those slaves of the court of al-Mansur at the end of the 10th century under the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordova. This relationship with al-Mansur is further attested by the presence of the nisbah al-'Amiri in surviving epigraphic texts carved in architectural elements made of marble in Cordovan palaces and ivory pieces produced during the Caliphate. In these pieces, which are now key works in the history of Islamic art in Spain, the nisbah al-'Amiri is linked to slave chiefs (mawla) who supervised and coordinated the production of artistic objects on behalf of the Caliph.
Problems of Recognizing Earliest Sedentism
Authors: Edwards Philip C.
Published: March 2015

Natufian period settlements have been proposed as key examples of pre-agricultural sedentism. This paper examines that proposition and concludes that Natufian residential sites are as likely to represent the residues of a semi-mobile mode of settlement. However, the main point to be made here is that a rigorous methodology for distinguishing between the prehistoric settlement remains of sedentary, semi-mobile and mobile hunter-gatherers is lacking. Investigation into the rates at which sedimentation occurs, and into the practice of superposition of building units in both ethnographic transhumant and sedentary villages is seen as a fruitful avenue of research on this subject.
The Archaeology of Byzantine Italy: A Synthesis of Recent Research
Authors: Christie Neil J.
Published: March 2015

The Justinianic conquest of Africa, Italy and Spain (AD 533 - 554) has often been regarded as a notable assertion of Byzantine rule over the former Western Roman provinces. Historical discussions have tended to exaggerate greatly the contributions of the Byzantines in the West, presuming extensive restorative activity and the instilling of new life through Eastern immigrants and improved East-West trade contacts. Recent historical studies have broken away from this rosy image and greatly played down the Byzantine role. Archaeological interest in the post-Roman centuries in Italy in particular and in the Mediterranean trade systems has produced a vital source of physical data with which to assess the period AD 400-1000 and thus the contributions of the Byzantines. The image now changes to one of progressive decay and of notable social transformation only partially conditioned by East Roman rule.
First Colonization of the Meditterranean Islands
Authors: Cherry John F.
Published: March 2015

This paper attempts to synthesize the significant developments that have taken place during the 1980s in the study of the earliest occupation of the Mediterranean islands. It has become clear that there do exist a few instances of Paleolithic occupation of true islands, but many similar claims have been refuted, remain contentious, or are irrelevant to the issue of insular colonization. A ninth millennium BP human presence can now be demonstrated, admittedly with data of very variable quality, on all the larger islands or island groups; on Cyprus, the Aktrotiri Aetokremmos site offers evidence one or two millennia earlier. The main colonization phase for smaller islands, however, lies between the seventh and fourth millennia BP, beginning in the Aegean slightly earlier than had previously been supposed. Important interpretative advances have been made in areas such as the late Pleistocene and early Holocene palaeogeography of the Mediterranean islands, the relationship of man to faunal extinctions or introduction, and the predictive modelling of island colonization.
Oxhide Ingots, Recycling and the Mediterranean Metals Trade
Authors: Budd P. , Pollard A.M. , Scaife B. , Thomas R. G.
Published: March 2015

Recent research on the Late Bronze Age metals trade in the Mediterranean has focused on the long distance transport of the so-called 'oxhide' ingots, artefacts which are widely distributed on sites dated between the 16th and 12th centuries BC. The distribution and provenance of these ingots have important implications for our understanding of trade links and political organisation, but appear to be an area where conclusions based on scientific data conflict with established archaeological understanding. This paper presents a radical reassessment of the available scientific information and shows that this conflict stems from an inflexible and dogmatic interpretation of data which in reality remain ambiguous. An alternative hypothesis, which acknowledges the limitations of the applied techniques, is put forward for discussion.
Obsidian Procurement and Distribution in the Central and Western Mediterranean
Authors: Tykot Robert H.
Published: March 2015

Obsidian has long been recognized as an indicator of long-distance, maritime-based exchange networks in the Neolithic central and western Mediterranean. Earlier studies have identified and chemically characterized the major island sources, but few subsequent efforts have been directed at determining the provenance of significant numbers of artifacts from secure archaeological contexts. This paper presents new interpretations of obsidian procurement and distribution based on the chemical and visual sourcing of more than 2700 artifacts from island and mainland sites in France and Italy, and discusses the spatially and temporally dynamic economic and social role of obsidian. Finally, it is suggested that long-distance prestige exchange of obsidian and other materials was an important way of maintaining ethnic or kin connections in increasingly sedentary Neolithic societies.
‘Greening Dharma’
Authors: Dessi Ugo
Published: March 2015

Buddhist environmentalism in Japan during the last few decades manifests through various discussions and forms of activism and is characterized by the use of popular Buddhist ideas, such as aversion to greed, interdependence, and the universality of buddhahood. This movement gained strength after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, when several Buddhist organizations publicly expressed their disapproval of nuclear energy. I argue that rather than a timeless ‘green Dharma’ inherently close to nature, contemporary Japanese Buddhism is a ‘greening Dharma’ that for different reasons is gradually becoming engaged in environmentalism. Although the presence of sincere religious concern and a doctrinal anchorage cannot be overlooked, a crucial role is played by Japanese Buddhism’s need to reassert its presence in the public sphere, and by the involvement of this religious tradition in global dynamics related to residual problems, cultural ?ows, and glocalization.
Bilingual children’s use of lexical strategies under narrative monologue and dialogue conditions
Authors: Greene Kai Jason , Bedore Lisa M , Peña Elizabeth D
Published: March 2015

Purpose: This study examined lexical strategies produced by Spanish-English bilingual kindergartners across two different narrative elicitation tasks. Method: Fifty participants (M = 67.24 months) produced narratives in English under monologue and dialogue conditions. Participants were placed in high and low language performance groups determined by results from a bilingual language screener. Per parent report, children were matched by age, current language use, and age of first exposure to English.. Analyses examined strategy types across participants’ performance levels and task condition. Further evaluation compared strategy usage with general language productivity measures. Results: Child learners access similar lexical strategies as reported for adult second language learners. Performance level did not differentiate strategy type and frequency of use. Overall, participants relied more on all-purpose words and code-switching in the monologue condition, while employment of word approximation and literal translation increased during the mediated dialogue sessions. Conclusions: Participants adjusted lexical strategy use according to narrative condition.The application of mediated learning serves as an instructional model that reveals information specific to young second language learners. Application of all-purpose words, word approximations, and literal translation influenced utterance length and lexical diversity. Implications: Insight to the characteristics of bilingual children’s language processing skills guides evidenced-based instructional decisions.
Macro Cultural Psychology: A Political Philosophy of Mind Carl Ratner (2011) OUP, ISBN 9780195373547
Authors: Infante Paolo
Published: March 2015

Book review.
Harran: Last Refuge of Classical Paganism
Authors: Frew Donald H
Published: March 2015

I now believe that a direct line of transmission can be traced from the Hermetic and Neoplatonic theurgy of late antiquity to the beginnings of the modern Craft movement.
Can This Really Be the End?
Authors: Worley Meg
Published: March 2015

This essay begins with the close connections between messianism and superhero comics. In trying to understand how narrative functions, I take the classical epic as the master narrative and observe the ways in which the messianic tale and the comic book critique it. Looking at all three in relation to each other, we can see that death and embodiment are powerful items in the narrative toolkit, as part of a discourse of preservation in which narrative genres speak back and forth between cultural contexts.
Scriptures, Myths, and Power: The Bible at Work - Chapter One
Authors: Mack Burton
Published: March 2015

Part 1 of Burton Mack's extended conversation with Vincent Wimbush and Institute for Signifying Scripture, Claremont Graduate University. The conversation revolves around the cultural function of the Bible as Christian myth in American society, and the African-American domestication of the Bible as their Scripture. The essay explores the differences between the Bible as myth in the dominant Euro-American tradition, and the Bible as Scripture in African-American experience. Drawing upon the work of Henry Louis Gates, Jr., the concept of "signifying" describes a remarkable linguistic style characteristic of African-American mentality and culture.
Elizabeth Wilson, the Bible, and the Legal Rights of Women in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Schroeder Joy A.
Published: March 2015

In 1849, Elizabeth Wilson (fl. 1849-1850) published an impassioned defense of women’s rights entitled A Scriptural View of Woman’s Rights and Duties. Her work critiques patriarchy in church and society, arguing in favor of women’s social and legal rights within marriage. Challenging prominent male biblical commentators, Wilson asserted that male and female were created as equal co-sovereigns over creation. She claimed that biblical patriarchs and matriarchs exercised equal authority within the marriage relationship. Wilson’s most striking example is Abigail, who distributed household property, an extravagant gift of dressed sheep and other food, to David, against her husband Nabal’s wishes (1 Samuel 25). Wilson uses this story to prove that wives have equal right to administer marital property. Thus she offers an incisive critique of American property and inheritance laws biased against wives and widows.
Global Feminism and Inclusion in Anna Howard Shaw's 1893 Sermon
Authors: Stokes Allison
Published: March 2015

This article, in three sections, introduces the sermon that Anna Howard Shaw preached during the World’s Congress of Representative Women on May 21st, 1893. The first section draws on Shaw’s autobiographical reflections to describe the sermon, and gives information about the preacher and the context; the second section describes the ground-breaking, feminist sermon, and its significance; and the third section reproduces the complete sermon text.
The End of the Word as We Know It
Authors: Beal Timothy
Published: March 2015

This essay attends to a distinction that requires closer examination and theorization in our discourse on iconic books and other scriptures: the difference between iconic object and cultural icon. How do we conceive of relations between the particular, ritualized iconicities of particular scriptures in particular religious contexts and the cultural iconicities of scriptures in general, such as “the Bible” or “the Quran,” whose visual and material objectivity is highly ambiguous? How if at all are the iconic cultural meanings of the ideas of such books related to the particular iconic textual objects more or less instantiate them? These questions are explored through particular focus on the relationship between the particular iconicities of particular print Bibles, as iconic objects, and the general iconicity of the cultural icon of the Bible.
Exploring Sacred and Secular Serpent Symbolism in Cecil B. DeMille’s The Ten Commandments (1956)
Authors: Kozlovic Anton Karl
Published: March 2015

Cecil B. DeMille was an unsung auteur and master of the American biblical epic whose feature films were eagerly awaited by the paying public and filled Paramount’s purse. And yet, he was routinely ignored, dismissed or devalued by critics unappreciative of the enormous artistry deliberately engineered therein, especially his penchant for serpent symbolism. This particular omission is in need of belated attention. Consequently, using humanist film criticism as the guiding analytical lens, this essay selectively reviews the critical DeMille, film and religion literature, locates DeMille’s place and reputation in Hollywood history, explores The Ten Commandments (1956), and explicates numerous exemplars of his trademark serpent signature under five heuristic headings. The essay concludes that DeMille was a far more insightful and accomplished biblical filmmaker than has been previously appreciated.
Practicing Biblical Literacy
Authors: Hine Iona C. , Hallett Nicky , Tighe Carl , Calle José Luis Lopez
Published: March 2015

When and how does the Bible enter the classroom? In May 2011, the department of Biblical Studies at the University of Sheffield hosted a conference on the role of the Bible in secondary and higher education. This paper addresses the notion of biblical literacy, providing an account of the emergent practices discussed, with in-depth treatment of three case studies.The examples are drawn from the fields of English Literature, Economics, and Creative Writing. The different role of the Bible in education in North American and British contexts is also considered, and the article concludes with considerations for future collaboration.
Being Hindu in Canada
Authors: Pearson Anne Mackenzie
Published: March 2015

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Waiting at the Foot of the Cross
Authors: Athanasiadis Harris
Published: March 2015

George Grant is well known as a Canadian Political Philosopher and social critic of technological globalization, but less known as a Christian with a highly distinctive and penetrating spirituality. This essay not only argues that Grant’s spirituality fundamentally shapes his thought, but that he unfolded his spirituality through key concepts which Grant discovered in his engagement with the gospels and the writings of Simone Weil.
Ilhan New, Soldier for the Modern Nation
Authors: Gold Brian R
Published: March 2015

Twentieth century Korean hegemonic masculinity has validated the right to employ violence for the benefit of the nation unchecked by any higher ethical concerns. This arose in the early twentieth century in reaction to a crisis of Korean masculinity, identified by the first Korean nationalists. The supposed pernicious effects of Confucianism created the crisis by making men effete. This in turn “led” Korea to lose its independence. While scholars have recognized alternative Korean masculinities arising since the 1990s, including Catholic masculinities, they have overlooked a Protestant martial masculinity personified by Ilhan New [1895–1971]. New was a much-lauded business pioneer, but his military career has not been analyzed in terms of its place in the history of masculinity. Mentored by a leading Protestant nationalist, New personified in mid-century an alternative Protestant martial masculinity, which created soldiers fighting for the nation under the discipline of a conventional military, bound by Protestant norms.
A contribution to the study of Arabic loans in Maghrebi French
Authors: Fasla Dalila
Published: March 2015

This article presents a set of theoretical directives for the study of the borrowing of voices of Arab origin by the diatopic variety of French spoken in the Maghreb; this phenomenon, that nowadays still follows its course, begins in the nineteenth century as a result of the direct linguistic contact between Arab and French dating from the colonial time. Taking into account our object of study, and starting from the methodological directions postulated by the European and North American tradition, we propose an explanatory frame of the main factors that have motivated the borrowing of Arabic expressions in the Maghrebi French adstrate; moreover, this article offers a classification of these voices according to three criteria: the variety of Arab as source language, the grammatical category and the diatopic extension. The use of the Arabic expression frequently reveals, diverse constituent components of the native identity, since a significant percentage of such loans is adopted as authentic cultural markers of group membership. The ethnosociological valuation of the volume of documented Arabic expressions allows to conclude that this case of borrowing, based on the necessity to designate realities alien to the western culture, constitutes a key factor of maintenance of French within the Maghrebi community.
Continuation of Reviews  The Arabic language and national identity: A study in ideology by Yasir Suleiman and  Language in South Africa: the role of language in national transformation, reconstruction and development by Vic Webb
Authors: Pavlenko Aneta
Published: March 2015

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What is language emancipation? Norwegian and other Nordic experiences
Authors: Lindgren Anna-Riitta
Published: March 2015

The article deals with the concept of language emancipation as an improvement of the position of a language or a dialect. Improvement can vary from liberation from stigma through changes in attitudes to the raising of a language through language planning on different levels, e.g. the introduction of a language in one or several public domains, official acknowledgement of a language, attainment of status as an official language through legislation, constructing a standard language, etc. Examples from the Nordic countries are presented, including historical cases from the periods of Lutheran reformation (16th century), the Enlightenment (18th century) and the national romanticism (19th century), and contemporary cases of raising minority languages in connection with ethnic renaissance. More focus is given on the situation of the languages of the historical minorities in the northernmost parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland – the Sámi languages, Meänkieli and Kven – and on some problems in their emancipatory processes; the race between revitalisation and assimilation.
The results of a nascent language emancipation in France: perceptions of the status and future of Gallo in the context of its inclusion in Brittany’s language education policy
Authors: Nolan John Shaun
Published: March 2015

This paper sheds light on the attitudes that eastern or Upper Breton school pupils have toward their heritage language, Gallo, in the context of recent favourable changes to its socio-political status. Gallo is Brittany's Romance language and, more precisely, its Oïl language variety. Situated in the application of language emancipation and in considerations regarding attitudes and ideology and their importance to language policy, this is an analysis which provides an example of how the Gallo sociolinguistic situation is a case of ‘nascent’ language emancipation. This is done through a study of how the status and the future of Gallo are perceived in the context of its inclusion in Brittany’s language education policy. This comparative attitudinal study suggests that although there continues to be negative language attitudes towards Gallo, there are clear indications of a favourable generational alteration in respondent attitudes with regard to it. This is indicative of a certain limited success enjoyed by Gallo promotional organisations, and is testimony to their role in the language policy environment as a bottom-up force of some tangible worth with potential in the future.
Skol Diwan in Paris: a step away from regionalism in the teaching of Breton
Authors: Costaouec Denis
Published: March 2015

This paper presents some information about the opening of a bilingual (French-Breton) Diwan school in Paris, Diwan schools’ characteristics and their teaching methods and Breton teaching in general. It also proposes some considerations of the Diwan schools network’s policy, which draws its inspiration from a regionalist conception of the minority languages’ promotion and on the significance of the opening of a Diwan school in Paris. It claims to open new prospects for developing the teaching of regional languages in France, where this topic is very controversial.