bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Havuzdere (Yalova) Orta Çağ toplumu bebek ve çocuk iskeletlerinde ağız ve diş sağlığı
Authors: EREN KURAL Ece , ÖZER İsmail
Published: December 2023

İskelet toplumlarında erişkin olmayan bireylerde gözlenen diş ve çene hastalıklarının değerlendirilmesi, bebek ve çocukların sağlık ve beslenme yapısı hakkında önemli bilgiler sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Havuzdere Orta Çağ toplumundaki bebek ve çocukların ağız ve diş sağlığı, beslenme yapısı, genel sağlık yapısı ve yaşam biçimlerinin anlaşılması amacıyla diş ve çene patolojileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Havuzdere toplumu bebek ve çocuklarına ait toplam 105 bireyin (89 çocuk ve 16 bebek) 2143 adet dişi (706 süt ve 1437 daimî diş) incelenmiştir. Diş ve çene patolojileri analizleri sonucunda, bebek ve çocuklarda diş çürüğü %9,6, diş aşınması %40,3, diş taşı %12, hipoplazi %30,3, alveol kemik kaybı %3, apse %0,2 ve antemortem diş kaybı %0,1 oranında gözlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen bilgiler, Havuzdere toplumunda bebek ve çocukların erken yaşta anne sütünden kesildiğini, genellikle karbonhidrat ağırlıklı beslendiklerini ve gelişim dönemlerinde çevresel ve fizyolojik strese maruz kaldıklarını göstermektedir.
Induction of PR-Proteins and Oxidative Isozymes in Tomato Genotypes Resistant and Susceptible to Tomato Mosaic Virus and Tomato Spotted wilt Virus
Authors: Mahfouze Heba A. , Mahfouze Sherin A. , Ottai Mahmoud E. , Fatallah Fathallah B. , El-Enany Magda A. M. , Esmail Ramadan M. , Gomaa Mostafa A.
Published: December 2023

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) are two of the most common viruses that threaten tomato crops in Egypt and worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of PRs, and oxidative isozymes in the protection of tomato plants from oxidative damage induced by viral infection in 16 tomato genotypes. A total of 16 tomato genotypes were evaluated against TSWV and ToMV separately. Changes in the content of protein and defense enzymes were studied in tomato genotypes resistant and susceptible to TSWV or ToMV. The results of the investigation showed that 16 tomato lines gave different responses to infection with TSWV or ToMV [highly resistant (HR), resistant (R), moderately resistant (MR), moderately susceptible (MS), and susceptible (S)]. In this study, the total soluble protein profiles, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POX) isozymes of the healthy tomato plants and the TSWV or ToMV infected ones were estimated by electrophoresis in Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The results showed quantitative and qualitative differences in the number of bands among the 16 tomato genotypes. Thus, the protein content and isozyme activities were increased or decreased or not changed in inoculated tomato plants with TSWV or ToMV, compared with the un-inoculated plants, depending on the genotype, virus, and degree of resistance. On the other hand, it was found a negative or low-positive correlation between disease incidence and (protein content and isozyme activities). Therefore, it is important that to understand the defense strategy of plants against viruses and how tomato plants defend themselves from virus invasion. Therefore, tomato genotypes resistant to TSWV or ToMV could be used in the tomato breeding programs to prevent viral infection
Mapping the Geospatial Distribution of Citrus Greening Disease in District Layyah, Pakistan
Authors: Bashir Sonum , Iftikhar Yasir , Zeshan Muhammad A. , Ghazanfar Muhammad U. , Mubeen Mustansar
Published: December 2023

Citrus greening disease is one of the established causes of citrus decline in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, including Pakistan. Citrus greening disease is being recognized based on its characteristic symptoms in the field. Symptomatology and Iodo-starch test are the parameters for rapid disease indexing in the field and laboratory and are also helpful for disease mapping. A study was carried out to record the incidence and severity of citrus greening disease within the area of new citrus plantations of Layyah district, including the tehsils viz., Layyah and Karror. The Layyah tehsil showed an incidence of 18%, while Karror showed an incidence of 5.5%. Among the cultivars, the highest disease incidence was attributed to Kinnow (Citrus nobilis x C. deliciosa) at 33% followed by Mosambi (C. sinensis) at 16% and Feutrall’s early at 5%. The highest disease severity was recorded at Layyah with 22.2%. The lowest was observed at Karror with 13.3%. Among the cultivars, Kinnow showed the highest severity, ranging from 27.22% to 36.6% and the least disease severity was recorded in Feutrall’s early of 8.3% at ± 0.05 level of significance. The present study not only helped establish the relationship between the symptomology and quick indexing of disease through iodo-starch test but also provided information through disease mapping in the new citrus plantation of Layyah district for the first time
Effect of Retinoic Acid on HaCaT and NIH-3T3 cells in an in vitro 3D Collagen Cell Culture Skin Model
Authors: Atkins Olivia , Lopez Samantha , Ma Yizhe , Roberts Louis
Published: December 2023

Human skin aging is characterized by epidermal and dermal thinning, loss of elasticity, and wrinkles. Keratinocytes, the most common type of skin cell and fibroblasts, present in the cellular stroma beneath the skin’s surface, each play a role in aging. Using these cell types in in vitro research can reveal a deeper understanding of the dermatological function and cellular changes in aged skin. 3D cell culture techniques provide an opportunity to use these cell types in a model that can more accurately mimic human skin. Treatment of aging skin is of interest to both medical and consumer communities. Retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A and retinol that assists in cell proliferation, differentiation, and immune functions. Over the counter (OTC) and prescription retinoids are common topical products used for anti-aging and acne treatments. This study seeks to determine the impact of topical retinoid creams on keratinocyte proliferation and morphology in 3D cell culture models of aged and unaged human skin. NIH-3T3 fibroblasts were embedded in a 3D collagen matrix of varying thickness, and HaCaT keratinocytes were seeded on top of the matrix at varying seeding densities to mimic aging and youthful skin. 0.1 µM 0.025% tretinoin and 0.1 µM 0.1% adapalene topical creams were prepared in culture medium and used to treat cells daily, on alternate days, or just once during a week-long period. Alamar Blue assays and microscopy showed that tretinoin treatment was cytotoxic at this concentration, with a single treatment reducing cell viability by ~43% compared to the untreated control. Adapalene treatment, while showing significantly greater cell proliferation than tretinoin, did not exceed the proliferation of the untreated control. It is understood that retinol increases cell turnover by killing cells rapidly, so it is proposed that in our model, the rate of proliferation does not overcome the rate of cell death. Cell viability trends remain similar between young and old skin model treatments. Future studies should focus on creating a 3D model more accurately representing the aging in vivo skin environment where keratinocytes can be readily differentiated from epidermal stem cells. KEYWORDS: HaCaTs; NIH-3T3; Retinoids; Retinoic Acid; Tretinoin; Adapalene; 3D Collagen Gel; Proliferation
Conflicting Socio-Cultural Attitudes and Community Factors Resulting in Backstreet Abortion in Cato Manor, KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Sachs Chloe M.
Published: December 2023

Abortion in South Africa is a complex topic, rife with augmenting and limiting political, social, religious, and cultural factors. This study explores multiple age groups within Cato Manor and whether the attitudes towards abortion and factors impacting the choice of where and whether to receive an abortion differ. The study employs a general qualitative approach with inserted narratives highlighting individual perspectives and stories. The sample cohort was identified using purposive sampling of women, obtained via convenience through the gatekeeper in the community. The participants are from two generations, and two expert interviews were conducted to gain various perspectives. The sample population is from the greater Cato Manor community, and the interviews were conducted in a semi-structured format. The main goal of this study is to understand how socio-cultural factors impact abortion attitudes within each generation in Cato Manor and if community attitudes impact women’s decisions on how and where to obtain medical abortions. The findings show that negative attitudes towards abortion persist in Cato Manor due to religious and cultural rationale. Greater acceptance occurs among younger generations following abortion legalization in South Africa, yet prejudice remains. The research reveals a range of factors that may pressure women to obtain illegal abortion options to avoid community shame. KEYWORDS: Abortion; Pregnancy Termination; South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; Cato Manor; Backstreet Abortions; Abortion Attitudes; Illegal Abortion
Anxiety as a Predictor of Movement During a Math Task in Elementary School Children
Authors: Snetkov Gabriella , Youngkin Anna , Lui Megan , Marzoratti Analia , Evans Tanya
Published: December 2023

Anxiety can come in various forms; general anxiety is characterized by feelings of excessive anxiety impacting multiple domains of everyday life, whereas anxiety may also manifest within a single domain (i.e., math anxiety). Those that present with anxiety who also have Autism Spectrum Disorder often exhibit ritualized movement as a coping mechanism for their anxiety. However, the relationship between anxiety and movement has not yet been explored within typically developing children. It is also unclear if the form of anxiety impacts the degree to which children move. In this study, we used Motion Energy Analysis to quantify the relationship between both general and math anxiety and movement during a math flashcards task. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine possible relationships between anxiety and movement. General anxiety significantly contributed to models predicting movement during the math flashcards task, while math anxiety did not. Our results suggest that movement could be an indicator of general anxiety in elementary aged children. KEYWORDS: General Anxiety; Math Anxiety; Elementary; Academics; Motion Energy Analysis; Movement; Ritualized Movement; Mathematics
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT MODEL for ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEMS INFORMATION SECURITY
Authors:   National Transport University, Gameliak Igor , Dmytrychenko Andij ,   National Transport University, Alieksieienko Oleksandr ,   National Transport University, Artemchuk Yuliia ,   National Transport University
Published: December 2023

The problem of transportation safety was and will be exist. Transport safety is the target of the functioning of the transport organizational and technical system, that is composed for achieve the situation (set of situations) of the vehicle operating, fixed at a specific point of time, characterized by the accidents absence or the optimization of quantitative safety and environmental performance indicators over a specified period of time. Violation of this equilibrium leads to emergencies. It is necessary to have an operational safety management system in place for transport that works to prevent, preservating accidents and reduce the risk of their occurrence. Promising direction for improvement of monitoring information support of auto transport systems is driver operative informing by telematics ways about system technical condition while driving. In the event of a problem situation, the specialist will play out scenarios for its solution. To make the right and operative decision, the specialist must be an expert, and the path to the expert lasts at least 10 years. There is a necessity to create intelligent expert systems that will determine the actual condition of the vehicle that will based on the obtained parameters, through engineering knowledge, will let to make decisions and to pass it on to the device, that will informing the driver for necessity to execute a specific scenario. While solving most of the tasks related to ensuring the safety of traffic and the organization of passengers and cargo transportation in economic activity process, there is a necessity to ensure the monitoring of motor transport systems through the introduction of informational, telecommunication and satellite technologies of automotive systems and units diagnostic centers. In the presence of sufficient quantity and quality of parametric sensors that record and transmit data on the current technical condition of truck systems and units and the presence of operating diagnostic algorithms in remote informational and analytical centers, sudden failures of truck systems and units that are performing transport work and are located at a considerable distance from their own service stations can be avoided.
NOISE PROTECTION MEASURES ON HIGHWAYS
Authors:   National Transport University, Kovalchuk Vitalii , Yanchuk Leonid ,   National Transport University, Makoviichuk Kateryna ,   National Transport University
Published: December 2023

The paper highlights the problems of noise pollution of the environment from highways and ways to solve them. Noise protection measures on highways and issues of noise safety of areas adjacent to the highway were analyzed. Typically, noise is caused by traffic, engines, and road surfaces. The objects of the study are noise protection structures and measures on highways. One of the key strategies for noise protection is to choose the right location for road construction and use special geometric solutions that can help reduce the noise load on the surrounding areas. Another important element is the installation of sound barriers. One of the types of this impact is noise pollution, which, according to domestic and international sources, is currently one of the most harmful physical components [1, 2, 3]. A person is constantly harassed by the growing burden of noise, which can have a serious impact on his health and psycho-emotional state. These negative effects are particularly pronounced in roadside areas where noise levels are excessively high.
PLANETARY GEARS DYNAMIC MODEL OF ROAD MACHINE DRIVES FOR CALCULATING FORCED VIBRATIONS
Authors:   National Transport University, Varfolomeev Yuriy , Levkivskyi Sergii ,   National Transport University, Moroz Valentyn ,   National Transport University
Published: December 2023

The paper proposes an experimental technique for finding the uneven distribution of torque between the gears of a planetary gear and, at the same time, the distribution of the load along the tooth based on five load sensors on the shaft of each planetary gear. The object of study is the rigidity and inertial parameters of the planetary gear elements. The purpose of the study is to create a dynamic model of a planetary gear to calculate forced vibrations caused by time-varying gaps - tensions arising in gears. The paper provides an analysis of the problem for the developed model and factors that complicate its creation. Recommendations based on the results of theoretical studies are highlighted. Such recommendations necessitate the obligatory identification of the satellite axes in the model as separate masses. Also, each satellite is represented in the model by a separate mass, which includes its moment of inertia in rotational motion and the mass reduced to it in translational motion together with the carrier. All connections between moving and stationary masses are represented in the model in the form of elastic massless elements with corresponding stiffness values. A mathematical model has been constructed that analytically depicts the movement of masses in the proposed dynamic model. The model consists of ten inhomogeneous second-order differential equations with constant coefficients. To check the adequacy of the resulting model, the parameters of rigidity and inertia of the planetary gear elements were determined. The results obtained indicate that the rigidity of elastic connections between the masses introduced into the mathematical model does not differ from the real ones. The conducted studies indicate the possibility of using this mathematical model to calculate forced vibrations caused by time-varying gaps - tensions arising in gears.
CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF THE TRANSPORT INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE
Authors:   National Transport University, Boiko Victoriia , Skladanivska Olha ,   National Transport University
Published: December 2023

The current state of the transport industry of Ukraine, as well as the problems and prospects of its development, proposed ways of solving specific tasks to strengthen the position of Ukraine in the world market of the entire transport infrastructure are studied in the article. For this purpose, this study determined the main indicators that reflect the current state of the transport industry: the dynamics and structure of freight and passenger traffic, the volume of transportation, the number of active enterprises in the industry, the contribution of the transport sector to the formation of GDP, the investment attractiveness of the industry. To ensure the sustainable development and stability of the transport industry, it is important to analyze its current state. On the basis of the obtained results, it is possible to develop and implement effective mechanisms for increasing the level of development of this industry. For Ukraine, which has faced challenges of a military nature, solving security tasks related to the construction of an efficient transport industry is one of the most important steps on the way to preserving its statehood and territorial integrity. The conducted research indirectly reflects the state of the transport industry, which was conducted in the section of motor vehicles of Ukraine. Such an analysis is the starting point for a comprehensive assessment of the industry, identification of main trends, development of a strategy and forecasts of their future development.
APPLICATION OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS METHODS FOR FORECASTING PRICING IN THE REAL ESTATE MARKET
Authors:   National Transport University, Bondarenko Liudmyla , Liashenko Yana ,   National Aviation University
Published: December 2023

The paper presents theoretical and methodological approaches to forecasting pricing in the real estate market based on the study of stochastic models of time series, which are statistical samples of prices of real estate in certain segments of this market generated consistently over time. The main stages of the research of time series in the real estate market are given. Two main components of time series of real estate prices are distinguished - fundamental (regular) and random (irregular). The fundamental (regular) component of the time series contains trend, cyclical and seasonal trends. The random component is noise, which slightly deviates the value of the time series from the trend. The work analyzed the fundamental price-forming factors in the real estate market, which have the greatest influence on the formation of the real estate price and determine its trend. The results of the analysis of time series of prices on the secondary real estate market in the traditionally most active business cities of Ukraine (Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Odesa, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk) in the period 2016-2023 are presented. It is shown that prices on regional real estate markets are formed under the influence of both general trends throughout the country and random crisis phenomena inherent in this region. In the regional section of the analyzed real estate markets, on average, a growing trend is observed, which is stimulated by the increasing solvent demand for residential square meters. At the same time, it is of particular interest to study the behavior of real estate market prices during periods of crises caused by extraordinary events and conditions (pandemic and war) observed in 2020, 2022 and in the current year 2023. If the coronavirus, as a crisis phenomenon, affected the dynamics of regional real estate markets more or less equally, then the impact of a full-scale war manifested itself differently in different regions of our country. In front-line cities that suffer quite a lot from shelling (for example, Kharkiv), the real estate market reacted by lowering prices and demand. At the same time, in the western regions (for example, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk), the cost of square meters has increased significantly, which is due to a sharp increase in demand due to temporarily displaced and evacuated persons. Further directions of time series research for forecasting pricing in the real estate market have been determined.
THE INFLUENCE OF GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS ON THE RESISTANCE OF REIN-FORCED SOIL WALLS TO HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS
Authors:   Kharkiv National Automobile and Road University, Fomenko Olena , Siedov Andriy ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Road University
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the construction of reinforced soil walls using various types of reinforcing elements. It was determined that geosynthetic materials are more resistant to moisture and aggressive environments, but they are sensitive to temperature changes and have the ability to deform under load. One of the mechanisms of the destruction of reinforced soil walls is related to the insufficient length of the reinforcing element. The analysis of research showed that depending on the properties of geosynthetic materials, the size of the displacement distribution also changes. They can be accompanied by the formation of cracks at the top of the separation wall and uneven horizontal movements of the front part of the reinforced soil wall. The work analyzed the results of the deformation assessment depending on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the materials used in the construction of reinforced soil walls, which showed that the angle of internal friction of the aggregate soil and the axial stiffness of the geosynthetic material have the greatest influence on the amount of horizontal movements of the front part. The use of geogrids with elliptically shaped cells in the construction of reinforced soil walls has a significant effect on the amount of suction stress.
APPROACHES FOR DETERMINING THE RELIABILITY OF ROAD WATER PIPES FROM METAL CORRUGATED STRUCTURES FROM THE POSITION OF THE INFLUENCE OF CORROSION
Authors:   National Transport University, Нarkusha Mykola
Published: December 2023

Road culverts made of metal corrugated structures are increasingly used in the transport construction of Ukraine. One of the main factors affecting the durability of a road culvert is corrosion of the metal of the pipe itself. Corrosion damage is an extremely important problem and requires an appropriate response at a very early stage of development. In most cases, damage is irreversible, especially when it occurs from the soil side. The determination of durability must also take into account maintenance costs, which must be considered in relation to the cost of replacing the structure. The article considered the influence of the environment on the corrosion of a road culvert made of metal corrugated structures and proposed an approach for determining the reliability and durability of a road culvert.
ORGANIC FARMING - THE KEY TO RIVER BASIN REVITALIZATION
Authors:   National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic», Shara Svitlana
Published: December 2023

The article identifies one of the main elements of the Dnipro River basin rehabilitation through the cessation of herbicides, pesticides and mineral fertilizers, prevention of corn, sunflower, rapeseed, soybeans monoculture and organic farming expansion, arable land conservation and natural fodder lands, forests and meadow-marsh complexes and natural systems expansion. It has been shown that the state regulatory policy and environmental management standards should facilitate agricultural enterprises that implement and conduct organic farming. The paper also identifies the main aspects and factors that characterize the economic environment, the economic benefits of using ecological organic rent (monopoly), a special business environment for the formation of prices for organic products and the introduction of environmental marketing. Studies of the conditions for environmentally sustainable management in agriculture have identified the main link - the need for organic farming with a significant potential for water accumulation and increasing the natural fertility of rehabilitated land. A particularly important aspect is the price component, which is based on the uniquely created monopoly rent of organic farming and the special demand and inelastic supply. The above should be taken into account in the system of strategic management, program development of environmental relations and rehabilitation (revitalization) of the lands of the Dnipro river basin. The system of forming a healthy environment in the Dnipro basin, on the lands of enterprises engaged in organic farming, should take into account the environment of activity, the interaction of many factors with regard to ecological and economic goals, restrictions and development programs. The article presents the developed structural and logical scheme of strategic development of organic farming on the lands of the Dnipro basin. The above, by contributing to the expansion of the spatial basis of organic farming in the formation of the State strategic basin management with the aim of improving the Dnipro basin, ensures sustainable development and revitalization of water resources.
USE CHAOTIC SUPERREGENERATOR IN PROBLEM OF THE MONITORING (PART 1)
Authors:   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Artemenko Vladuslav , Petrovych Volodymyr ,   National Transport University
Published: December 2023

For the first time, the new type of the superregeneration was considered as follows chaotic superregeneration. Earlier superregenerators were realized on base only generator periodic oscillations. The offered authors chaotic superregenerator is built on base of chaotic autogenerator working in intermittent mode. Mathematical model of chaotic superregenerator is formed on base of the system of the ordinary differential equations. Software was created on programming languages MATLAB, FORTRAN and PASCAL for study of the behaviour model of chaotic superregenerator. It is specifically noted that the model of superregenerator is obliged vastly to amplifying the weak input signal. It in this connection was for the first time demonstrated possibility of the amplification weak input signal with the help of the chaotic superregenerator. One of the possible realization of chaotic superregenerator with external intermittent is considered in article. Since steady – state figures do not allow adequately to analyse work the superregenerators and often do not allow to identify presence the superregenerative mode at modelling that in article was offered to use the animation. In this connection authors was designed special software on FORTRAN and PASCAL with use OPENGL and GLUT. In article is brought fragment of the program for modelling the work of chaotic superregenerator on programming language MATLAB. Is it for the first time offered universal methods to identifications superregenerative mode which can be used at study any types of superregenerators.
PENGARUH RASIO KADAR TEPUNG MAGGOT TERHADAP KUALITAS PAKAN IKAN LELE
Authors: Monica Sandra Lia Dwi , Sa'diyah Khalimatus
Published: December 2023

Pakan merupakan salah satu komponen yang penting sebagai penunjang pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan lele. Kualitas dan jenis pakan ikan lele dipengaruhi oleh bahan baku yang digunakan dalam pembuatan pakan ikan lele. Tepung maggot (Hermetia illucens) menjadi salah satu alternatif bahan baku pengganti tepung ikan dalam pembuatan pakan ikan lele dengan kandungan gizi yang baik yaitu kandungan protein 43,23%, lemak 19,83%, serat kasar 5,87%, abu 4,77% dan BETN 26,3% . Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh rasio kadar tepung maggot terhadap kualitas pakan ikan lele. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan pencampuran bahan, pencetakan dan pengeringan. Pencampuran bahan meliputi tepung maggot, tepung dedak, tepung jagung, tepung kedelai dan tepung tapioka dengan variasi rasio kadar tepung maggot sebesar 25%, 35%, 45%, dan 55% dari berat total bahan yang digunakan. Hasil analisis yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa rasio kadar tepung maggot 55% merupakan hasil terbaik dengan kualitas pakan ikan yang sesuai SNI 01-4087-2006 dengan nilai kadar air 2,74%, kadar abu 8,59%, kadar protein 78,8%, dan kadar lemak 51,61%. Semakin tinggi rasio kadar tepung maggot yang digunakan maka semakin baik kualitas pakan ikan lele yang dihasilkan.
QUALITY OF ECO ENZYME PRODUCED THROUGH A FERMENTATION PROCESS IN VARIOUS "TEMPE" YEAST CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: Maharani Dea Resty Novita , Lusiani Cucuk Evi
Published: December 2023

Organic waste that accumulates and is not adequately managed causes disease and environmental problems. Therefore, one method to solve the problems is to convert it into eco enzyme, a liquid created from the fermentation of organic waste, specifically vegetable and fruit peels, sugar, and water. Anaerobic fermentation is utilized to produce eco enzymes, with yeast added to shorten the fermentation time. The goal of this research is to determine the effect of "tempe" yeast concentration on the quality of eco enzymes. Eco enzyme was made from brown sugar, fruit peels (oranges and melons), and water in a 1:3:10 ratio. "Tempe" yeast concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 %w/v were used in the fermentation process for producing eco enzyme. The eco enzyme products were examined by analyzing pH value, acetic acid content, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) value, organoleptic properties (aroma and color), and protease enzyme activity. The pH and TDS values of eco enzyme products increased as the concentration of "tempe" yeast increased. The results showed that eco enzyme products have pH values in the range of 3.5-4, acetic acid content of 0.81-1.08 %v/v, TDS value of 1000-2000 ppm, with fermented and orange aroma and a bright yellow color. According to the results, the addition of 3 %w/v "tempe" yeast in the production of eco enzyme was selected as a sample tested for protease enzyme activity and a clear zone was identified around the colony, indicating that there was protease enzyme activity.
ANALISIS SISTEM PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH BAHAN BERBAHAYA DAN BERACUN (B3) PADA PERUSAHAAN PESTISIDA
Authors: Salsabilla Yoan , Dewajani Heny , Chumaidi Achmad
Published: December 2023

Produksi limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun (B3) terus bertambah besar tidak hanya di negara maju namun juga di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Untuk menyikapi hal tersebut pemerintahh mengeluarkan beberapa regulasi, salah satunya yakni Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 101 Tahun 2014 tentang Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun. Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) adalah zat, energi, dan/atau komponen lain yang karena sifat, konsentrasi dan/atau jumlahnya baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat mencemarkan dan/atau merusak lingkungan hidup, membahayakan lingkungan hidup, kesehatan serta kelangsungan hidup manusia dan makhluk hidup lain.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sumber limbah B3 dari hasil produksi, mengetahui pengelolaan limbah B3, serta membandingkan standar yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode perbandingan antara kondisi di perusahaan pestisida dengan peraturan yang berlaku. Berdasarkan hasil analisis pengelolaan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun (B3) perusahaan pestisida telah melakukan pengelolaan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun (B3) dengan sangat baik, rata-rata dari hasil perhitungan pengelolaan limbah B3 pada perusahaan industri adalah 100% meliputi pengemasan dan pewadahan, penyimpanan, pelabelan simbol dan label serta pengangkutan internal maupun kepada pihak ketiga.
ANALISIS FMEA UNTUK PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MODIFIKASI PUNCH UNIT MESIN BP-321
Authors: Saraswati Bernadetta Indira , Rosiarto Brahmansyah Diar , Wulan Dyah Ratna , Suharti Profiyanti Hermien
Published: December 2023

PT Otsuka Indonesia merupakan perusahaan asing dibidang industri farmasi, dengan produk utama cairan infus dan obat-obatan terapetik. Cairan infus yang dihasilkan dalam skala kecil biasa disebut dengan SVP (Small Volume Parenteral) dikemas dalam kemasan primer plastik berbentuk ampul dengan volume 10 – 25 ml. Pembuatan cairan dan wadah ampul melalui beberapa tahapan proses seperti persiapan dan pengadukan, blow-fill-seal (BFS), pengemasan, dan penyimpanan. Seiring perjalanan waktu, standar regulasi pembuatan produk ampul semakin berkembang, salah satunya adalah penggantian material kemas primer dari LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) menjadi LDPP (Low Density Polypropylene) yang dinilai mampu menjaga nilai stabilitas dan sterilitas produk. Produksi ampul menggunakan mesin BP-321 pada proses BFS dengan punch unit lama hanya bisa memotong ampul bermaterial LDPE, namun tidak bisa memotong LDPP yang lebih keras. Sehingga, perusahaan memodifikasi mesin dengan mengganti punch unit lama dengan external punch unit pada mesin BP-321 untuk proses BFS produksi ampul. Untuk mendukung keputusan tersebut, perusahaan melakukan analisis FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) yang memungkinkan industri membuat keputusan diperlukan atau tidaknya penambahan external punch unit. Setelah dilakukan analisis FMEA dengan dengan perolehan Risk Priotity Number sebesar 720,72, maka perlu dilakukan penambahan external punch unit pada mesin BP-321.
ANALISIS EKONOMI PRARANCANGAN PABRIK KARBON AKTIF DARI BAHAN BAKU TONGKOL JAGUNG DENGAN KAPASITAS 38.000 TON/TAHUN
Authors: Isnaini Shahnaz Putri , Hendrawati Nanik , Susanti Ari
Published: December 2023

Dalam era industri seperti sekarang, industri kimia mengalami pertumbuhan yang meningkat, yang mengakibatkan peningkatan permintaan akan bahan baku industri, bahan kimia, dan tenaga kerja. Salah satu bahan baku yang dibutuhkan dalam industri kimia adalah produk turunan dari jagung. Di Indonesia, produksi jagung selama lima tahun terakhir meningkat rata-rata 12,49% per tahun. Dalam konteks produksi jagung yang besar ini, penggunaan jagung yang berlebihan menyebabkan peningkatan limbah tongkol jagung yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan. Tongkol jagung yang mengandung senyawa karbon tinggi, terutama selulosa (41%) dan hemiselulosa (36%), menunjukkan bahwa tongkol jagung dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan karbon aktif. Melihat banyaknya kebutuhan karbon aktif didalam negeri maka direncanakan pendirian pabrik karbon aktif di Indonesia. Pendirian pabrik karbon aktif ini mempunyai prospek yang bagus di masa mendatang baik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan industri dalam negeri maupun untuk ekspor. Analisis ekonomi pada pendirian pabrik karbon aktif bertujuan untuk menunjukkan kelayakan pendirian pabrik karbon aktif dari bahan baku tongkol jagung dengan kapasitas 38.000 ton/tahun dan mengidentifikasi potensi keuntungan dari pabrik tersebut. Hasil perhitungan analisis ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa Total Capital Investment (TCI) pabrik ini sebesar Rp278.512.508.590,69 sedangkan Total Production Cost (TPC) sebesar Rp253.802.470.649,73. Laba kotor yang dihasilkan adalah Rp126.197.529.350,00 dan laba bersih sebesar Rp82.334.394.078,00. Tingkat pengembalian modal (ROI) sebelum dan sesudah pajak adalah masing-masing 57% dan 37%. Pabrik ini akan mencapai titik impas (BEP) pada kapasitas sebesar 42,3%. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan tersebut, prarancangan pabrik kimia ini dianggap layak untuk didirikan.
DESAIN HEATER PADA PRANCANGAN PABRIK KIMIA PRODUKSI KARBON AKTIF DARI SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU KAPASITAS 8000 TON/TAHUN
Authors: Jannah Mir'atul , Susanti Ari
Published: December 2023

Proses pembuatan karbon aktif dari serbuk gergaji kayu mempunyai beberapa tahap yaitu tahap pretreatment, tahap pirolisis, tahap aktivasi dan packaging. Pada tahap pretreatment dilakukan pengeringan pada serbuk gergaji hingga kadar airnya mencapai 5% dari berat total serbuk gergaji. Tujuan pengeringan pada serbuk gegaji pada rotary dryer dibantu oleh heater untuk memanaskan udara kering. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan desain heater yang sesuai dengan kondisi operasi yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan desain heater pada prarancangan pabrik kimia produksi karbon aktif dari serbuk gergaji kayu kapasitas 8000 ton/tahun.  Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan didapatkan tipe heater adalah double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE) dengan dimensi ukurannya yaitu dengan dimensi ukuran 43 in2, NPS 3, nomor schedule 40, diameter dalam pipa 3,068 in, diameter luar pipa 3,5 in, panjang pipa 20 ft, dan jumlah hairpin 4 buah. Perhitungan desain heater ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan desain kebutuhan alat penukar panas pada prarancangan pabrik kimia yang memproduksi karbon aktif dari serbuk gergaji kayu kapasitas 8000 ton/tahun.
PERHITUNGAN KARYAWAN PROSES PERANCANGAN PABRIK DISPROPORSIONATED ROSIN DARI GONDORUKEM GRADE WW DENGAN KAPASITAS 3.150 TON/TAHUN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ASETONISASI
Authors: Darminawati Lusiana , Aldillah Ahmad Zaky , Pranata Estitika Fidya , Gusniawan Prayoga Vicky , Chumaidi Achmad , Takwanto Anang
Published: December 2023

Pabrik Disproportioned Rosin (DPR) kapasitas 3.150 ton/tahun yang telah dirancang dan didirikan membutuhkan karyawan salah satunya adalah karyawan proses. Hal ini merupakan faktor kelancaran dan keberhasilan dalam proses produksi. Selain itu, perhitungan karyawan proses dibutuhkan dalam perhitungan analisis ekonomi ke depannya, yang mana dimaksudkan agar pendapatan lebih besar daripada pengeluaran. Pembuatan pabrik DPR dari gondorukem, karena merupakan produk modifikasi dan untuk metode asetonisasi, karena lebih efektif prosesnya dibanding metode lainnya.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan jumlah karyawan proses yang dibutuhkan pada pabrik tersebut dan yang nantinya akan bekerja pada bagian proses produksi. Adapun metode perhitungan yang digunakan adalah metode perhitungan karyawan berdasarkan grafik Frank C Vilbrandt, yaitu process labor requirements for chemical serta perhitungan kapasitas pabrik yang melibatkan jumlah impor DPR. Dengan demikian, menggunakan metode perhitungan karyawan proses telah didapatkan kira-kira sejumlah 51 orang dan gaji yang diterima akan disesuaikan dengan UMR pada tahun 2026 saat pabrik didirikan. Referensi perhitungan lain dapat dilakukan dengan metode FTE (Full Time Equivalent).
PENENTUAN LAJU ALIR BUKAAN POMPA DOSING UNTUK PROSES DISINFEKSI SUMUR DALAM TANDON BETEK
Authors: Panigas Galuh Cakra , Budiono Arief , Setyanta Djaka
Published: December 2023

Pompa digunakan untuk memindahkan sebuah fluida dari satu tempat ke tempat yang lain. Pompa memiliki banyak jenis, salah satunya adalah pompa dosing. Pompa dosing digunakan untuk memindahkan fluida dengan cara injeksi, dimana aliran fluida yang terpindahkan akan berbentuk tetesan fluida. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari nilai baku laju alir pompa, mengingat bawasanya laju alir dari injeksi disinfektan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode trial and error. Laju alir ditentukan dengan variabel bukaan 30%, 40% dan 50% pada pompa, yang kemudian dilakukan pengujian evaluasi berupa kadar sisa klor pada fountain tap. Jika pompa bekerja secara baik dan normal, maka semakin tinggi nilai bukaan, maka semakin tinggi nilai kadar sisa klor yang terukur dari hasil evaluasi di lapangan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dilakukan kalibrasi secara berkala, sehingga dapat dilakukan monitoring pada sistem pompa. Dari hasil observasi pengukuran kadar sisa klor dilakukan di lapangan, didapatkan bahwa untuk titik pertama yang berlokasi di Tandon Betek adalah 0,9 ppm, 1,6 ppm dan 2 ppm, sedangkan untuk kadar sisa klor pada titik kedua yang berlokasi di konsumen terjauh adalah 0 ppm, 0,3 ppm dan 0,6 ppm. Nilai hasil uji yang telah dilakukan akan dilakukan pendekatan dengan baku mutu yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan. Hasil pendekatan yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa nilai baku laju alir pompa terdapat pada bukaan 40%.
STUDI DESAIN TANGKI MASERASI PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN BIOPESTISIDA DARI KULIT BAWANG MERAH KAPASITAS 15.000 TON/TAHUN
Authors: Hidayat Dimas Ficky , Wibowo Agung Ari
Published: December 2023

Tangki merupakan peralatan utama yang harus tersedia di industri dan memiliki berbagai kegunaan seperti sebagai wadah penyimpanan. Tangki juga dapat digunakan sebagai maserator untuk membuat produk biopestisida dari limbah kulit bawang merah agar produk tetap terjaga ketersediaannya. Namun, proses maserasi membutuhkan waktu yang lama dalam menghasilkan ekstrak. sehingga diperlukan perancangan tangki yang dapat membuat proses maserasi lebih cepat dengan diberikannya pengaduk dan pemanas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dimensi tangki yang sesuai untuk proses maserasi limbah kulit bawang merah menjadi biopestisida dengan kapasitas produksi 15.000 ton/tahun dengan pemberian pengaduk dan pemanas. Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dan perancanaan. Proses maserasi limbah kulit bawang merah memerlukan waktu 0,5 jam dengan suhu operasi 50°C. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan didapatkan ketebalan tangki sebesar 0.0098 m, tinggi tangki 1,98 m, diameter tangki 1,05 m, penambahan jaket pemanas dan pengaduk type six blade open turbin dapat dilakukan pada tangki maserasi.
ANALISIS KAPASITAS PEMANAS NIRA PADA STASIUN PEMURNIAN UNTUK MEMENUHI KAPASITAS GILING
Authors: Sunarto Rizqy Kusumanugraha , Hadiantoro Sigit , Hudha Duta Widya Nur
Published: December 2023

Pemanas nira merupakan alat yang digunakan  pada stasiun pemurnian pada pabrik gula dengan fungsi untuk memanaskan nira. Pada penggunaannya terdapat 2 pembagian fungsi pemanas nira dengan sebutan JH 1 (Pemanas pertama) dan JH 2 (Pemanas kedua). Tujuan pemanasan nira yaitu untuk mengurangi kelarutan gula, mengurangi viskositas dan mempercepat pengendapan. Observasi terhadap stasiun pemurnian suatu  pabrik gula dilakukan pada lima pemanas (JH 1) dan tujuh pemanas (JH 2). Pengoperasian pemanas pada JH 1 setiap waktu hanya empat alat yang diaktifkan sedangkan satu alat dinonaktifkan karena dilakukan pembersihan sedangkan pada JH 2, terdapat enam alat yang dioperasikan dan satu alat dinonaktifkan karena dilakukan pembersihan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kapasitas alat pemanas nira dan mengetahui apakah dengan dimatikannya beberapa alat pemanas nira masih dapat memanaskan nira sesuai dengan kapasitas gilingnya. Analisis perhitungan dilakukan secara manual dengan menggunakan aplikasi ms-excel dan data diambil melalui observasi di lapangan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pada JH 1 minimal empat alat yang harus dioperasikan untuk memenuhi kapasitas giling dan pada JH 2 minimal empat alat yang harus dioperasikan untuk memenuhi kapasitas giling.
PERHITUNGAN EFISIENSI TOTAL KEBUTUHAN AIR DI UNIT UTILITAS PADA INDUSTRI AIR MINUM DALAM KEMASAN
Authors: Widianto Yoga Tri , Suharti Profiyanti Hermien , Wulan Dyah Ratna
Published: December 2023

Total Water Utilisation atau pemanfaatan penggunaan total air merupakan salah satu program yang sangat penting untuk keberlangsungan proses produksi. Program ini juga akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap pemanfaatan penggunaan air terutama dalam skala produksi dan lingkungan. Input dan Output air pada unit  produksi harus dilakukan pengecekan agar didapatkan data penggunaan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui total penggunaan air pada unit  produksi agar penggunaan air tetap optimal. Perhitungan penggunaan air dilakukan dengan melakukan pengambilan data secara langsung dalam setiap jam selama 1 shift, dilanjutkan dengan melakukan pengolahan data menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft excel untuk mengetahui data total input, total output, dan target penggunaan air sehingga diketahui total penggunaan air unit  produksi. Dalam project tersebut didapatkan data 15 hari sampling dengan 7 hari dinyatakan penggunaan air tidak sesuai dengan standar. Standar penggunaan air yang diperlukan pada setiap proses produksi ditentukan dengan cara mengetahui total produk yang sesuai standar atau layak dipasarkan kemudian mengkonversi dalam satuan liter dan dikali dengan 1,2 yang merupakan ketetapan yang ditentukan industri. Penggunaan air yang melebihi standar yang ditentukan menyebabkan terjadinya kerugian dalam aspek financial.
Coordenação Bimanual ao Violão: um Estudo Experimental com Alunos de Graduação em Música
Authors: Colombo Simões Renan , Wolff Daniel
Published: December 2023

Coordenação Bimanual ao Violão (CBV) é a ação conjunta das duas mãos do violonista na produção de notas, responsável pela qualidade individual de cada nota e pelo legato entre estas. Com vistas à análise quantitativa dessa questão, objetivamos investigar a CBV através de seus indícios em registros de áudio coletados. Para tal, procedemos à realização de estudos observacionais e um experimento com violonistas estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação de três instituições de ensino de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Neste trabalho, enfocamos o nosso segundo estudo piloto sobre a temática, realizado com quatro alunos do curso de Bacharelado em Música (Habilitação – Violão) da Faculdade de Música do Espírito Santo (FAMES). Em nossa revisão de literatura, abordamos a coordenação bimanual em diversos instrumentos e o comportamento motor das mãos. Após isso, apresentamos a elaboração, realização, resultados e discussão do nosso piloto observacional.
CaAIS: Cellular Automata-Based Artificial Immune System for Dynamic Environments
Authors: Rezvanian Alireza , Vahidipour S. Mehdi , Saghiri Ali Mohammad
Published: December 2023

Artificial immune systems (AIS), as nature-inspired algorithms, have been developed to solve various types of problems, ranging from machine learning to optimization. This paper proposes a novel hybrid model of AIS that incorporates cellular automata (CA), known as the cellular automata-based artificial immune system (CaAIS), specifically designed for dynamic optimization problems where the environment changes over time. In the proposed model, antibodies, representing nominal solutions, are distributed across a cellular grid that corresponds to the search space. These antibodies generate hyper-mutation clones at different times by interacting with neighboring cells in parallel, thereby producing different solutions. Through local interactions between neighboring cells, near-best parameters and near-optimal solutions are propagated throughout the search space. Iteratively, in each cell and in parallel, the most effective antibodies are retained as memory. In contrast, weak antibodies are removed and replaced with new antibodies until stopping criteria are met. The CaAIS combines cellular automata computational power with AIS optimization capability. To evaluate the CaAIS performance, several experiments have been conducted on the Moving Peaks Benchmark. These experiments consider different configurations such as neighborhood size and re-randomization of antibodies. The simulation results statistically demonstrate the superiority of the CaAIS over other artificial immune system algorithms in most cases, particularly in dynamic environments.