bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the Students’ Motivation in Learning English through Google Meet during the Online Learning
Authors: Putra Rizal Wahid Permana
Published: February 2021

The increase number of Covid-19 outbreak has profoundly changed our education system. This condition has led the teachers to alter the face-to-face learning into online learning. Online learning emphasizes on the internet-based courses synchronously and asynchronously. Besides its technical problems, conducting online learning was said to be monotonous since the teachers preferred doing online tasking to providing effective learning experience. Further, this condition led to low students’ motivation in learning English. In other words, the students might be in boredom to participate and engage in the teaching- learning process owing to the monotonous learning. Most students were said to be late or even reluctant to complete the assignments. Therefore, the researcher conducted the Classroom Action Research dealing with the use of Google meet to improve the students’ motivation in learning English during the online learning. The research subject was the 7th grade students of SMP Negeri Satu Atap Jarit. The research was conducted in two cycles. In cycle I, it showed that there was an increase of students’ motivation in learning English. The increase of students’ motivation was 61, 8%. Meanwhile, in cycle II, the researcher found that the Google meet significantly improved the students’ motivation in learning English. The increase of students’ motivation was 79, 4%. The result showed that the students actively participate and engage in the teaching-learning process. The students were very enthusiastic to respond and answer the some questions, and share their ideas related to the topic of the meeting. In addition, the increase of students’ motivation influence the students to compose sentences correctly related to the given assignments. Based on the result of data analysis, the researcher drew a conclusion that the use of Google meet significantly improved the students’ motivation in learning English during the online learning.Keywords: Google meet, Learning English, Students’ Motivation
EFL Students’ Perspectives on Their Self-efficacy in Speaking During Online Learning Process
Authors: Ningias Rista Ananda , Indriani Lilia
Published: February 2021

This article illustrates the EFL students' perspectives toward self-efficacy of them in speaking during the online learning process. Self-efficacy defined as a person believes that he/she could manage the situation and get a positive outcome. It points out to the intuition in one’s capacity to execute and organize the action required in producing the given attainments. Self-efficacy is very crucial for students in studying a language, especially for the fourth language skills. To achieve the qualification of English communication, mastering the fourth integrated skills is very necessary. Speaking includes in this term. The aim of this article was to analyze the EFL students’ perspective about their self-efficacy in speaking during the online class activity. The research was conducted on 35 EFL learners of English Department Student at Tidar University. The researcher uses the descriptive quantitative method in analyzing the data. In obtaining them, the researcher employed a survey study by using a questionnaire with 20 close-ended questions. The result showed that the learners have enough self-efficacy in speaking during online learning. The high percentage of neutral option still dominate them. However, the final result of the data shows that learners have strong self-efficacy. Keywords: EFL Students, Online Learning, Speaking, Self-efficacy
Non-Pauli topological stabilizer codes from twisted quantum doubles
Authors: Magdalena de la Fuente Julio Carlos , Tarantino Nicolas , Eisert Jens
Published: February 2021

It has long been known that long-ranged entangled topological phases can be exploited to protect quantum information against unwanted local errors. Indeed, conditions for intrinsic topological order are reminiscent of criteria for faithful quantum error correction. At the same time, the promise of using general topological orders for practical error correction remains largely unfulfilled to date. In this work, we significantly contribute to establishing such a connection by showing that Abelian twisted quantum double models can be used for quantum error correction. By exploiting the group cohomological data sitting at the heart of these lattice models, we transmute the terms of these Hamiltonians into full-rank, pairwise commuting operators, defining commuting stabilizers. The resulting codes are defined by non-Pauli commuting stabilizers, with local systems that can either be qubits or higher dimensional quantum systems. Thus, this work establishes a new connection between condensed matter physics and quantum information theory, and constructs tools to systematically devise new topological quantum error correcting codes beyond toric or surface code models.
The Interpretasion of “Wa-‘Allama Ādama Al-Asmā’a Kulla-Hā” (Qs. 2: 31) and its Relation with the Issue of the Origin of Language; Study Text of al-Ùabarī’s, al-Zamakhsharī’s and al-Rāzī’s Commentary on the Qur’ān
Authors: Nurullah Nurullah
Published: February 2021

This paper will describe the interpretation of the verse 31, and its relation with the issue of the origin of langguage, from three selected commentaries, namely; Jāmi‘ al-Bayān ‘an Ta’wīl āy al-Qur’ān, al-Kashshāf ‘an ×aqā’iq al-Tanzīl, and MafātīÍ al-Ghaib. A close reading of these tree commentaries reveals that there are two interpretation of the word al-asma‘; first, it means every single word that signifies a meaning: nouns, verbs or particle i.e. the names of everything: angels, humans, animals, and inanimate existent includes its qualities, properties and everything relates to objects. This was the same to saying that God had taught Ādam language in its totality. Al-Zamakhsharī and al-Rāzī believe the verse demonstrates that God taught Ādam every language. But unlike al-Zamakhsharī, who seems to suggest that God was pointing to the objects and naming them, al-Rāzī does not explain how this process occurred, whether God educated him or thrown a knowledge (the understanding of language) into his mind. Second, al-Ùabarī who interprets it in a narrow meaning: al-asma‘ means the names of the angels and Ādam’s sons, seems to suggest that God just taught Ādam some languages. Abstrak: Tulisan ini akan mendiskusikan penafsiran dari ayat 31 dan kaitannya dengan isu asal mula bahasa, dari tiga kitab tafsir yaitu:  Jāmi‘al-Bayān ‘an Ta’wīl āy al-Qur’ān, al-Kashshāf ‘an ×aqā’iq al-Tanzīl, and MafātīÍ al-Ghaib. Berdasarkan penafsiran dari ketiga kitab tafsir ini ditemukan bahwa terdapat dua pemahaman dari lafaz al-asma’. Pertama; meliputi semua kata yang menunjukkan kepada makna baik kata benda, kata kerja atau partikel dan lain sebagainya. Yakni meliputi nama segala sesuatu termasuk malaikat, manusia, binatang maupun benda mati termasuk kualitas, sifat dan semuanya yang berhubungan dengan objek. Ini bermakna bahwa Allah telah mengajarkan Ódam bahasa secara keseluruhan. Al-Zamakhsharī and al-Rāzī berpendapat, ayat menjelaskan bahwa Allah mengajarkan Ódam semua Bahasa. Namun berbeda dengan al-Zamakhsharī yang nampaknya menerangkan bahwa Allah mengajarkan Ódam dengan menunjuk kepada benda kemudian menamainya, al-Rāzī tidak menjelaskan bagaimana proses itu berlangsung, apakah Allah mengajarkan Ódam atau mengilhamkan pengetahuan kepadanya. Kedua, al-Tabari yang menafsirkan ayat dengan makna yang lebih sempit, di mana al-asma’ pada ayat bermakna nama-nama malaikat dan anak-anak Ódam terkesan memahaminya bahwa Allah mengajarkan Ódam hanya sebagian bahasa saja.
Perlindungan dan Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup menurut Perspektif Al-Qur’an
Authors: Djuned Muslim
Published: February 2021

Human relations and the environment are symbiotic mutualism, but environmental conflicts occur when people interact in it. Damage to the environment is one of the greatest threats to the survival of modern humans. Generally, environmental damage and pollution caused by the behavior and impact of human activity to global warming, the B3 waste, climate change, pollution, flooding, eroded, and ozone depletion. The environment needs protection and preservation of the damage. Because it needs to be a systematic attempt to inhibit the rate of damage and pollution. Based on the analysis of the verses on the theme of environmental protection and preservation, the ruling is required as an obligation to protect the pillars of Islamic law, namely: al-din al-nafs al-nasl, al-mal, al-'aql and al -bî'ah. Punitive sanctions against the perpetrators of environmental crimes according to the Qur'an is the maximum punishment, such as stoning or crosses, and the minimum punishment, namely punishment of hand amputation ta'zir. AbstrakRelasi manusia dan lingkungan hidup bersifat simbiosis mutualisme, namun konflik lingkungan terjadi ketika manusia berinteraksi di dalamnya. Kerusakan lingkungan hidup merupakan salah satu ancaman terbesar bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia modern. Umumnya kerusakan dan pencemaran lingkungan disebabkan oleh perilaku dan aktivitas manusia yang berdampak terjadinya pemanasan global, limbah B3, perubahan iklim, polusi, banjir, longsong, dan penipisan ozon. Lingkungan hidup membutuhkan perlindungan dan pelestarian dari kerusakannya. Karena itu perlu upaya sistematis untuk menghambat laju kerusakan dan pencemarannya. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap nash-nash al-perlindungan dan pelestarian lingkungan hidup hukumnya adalah wajib sebagaimana kewajiban melindungi pilar-pilar hukum Islam, yaitu: al-dîn, al-nafs, al-nasl, al-mâl, al-‘aql dan al-bî’ah. Sanksi hukuman terhadap pelaku tindak kejahatan lingkungan hidup menurut al-Qur’an adalah hukuman maksismal, yaitu rajam atau salib, dan hukuman minimal, yaitu hukuman potong tangan ta’zir.
Accuracy assessment of publicly available digital elevation models of the ocean floor, at the polygons of multibeam data coverage in the Norwegian and Barents Seas
Authors: Abramova A.S.
Published: February 2021

The accuracy of publicly available bathymetry grids such as GEBCO_08, SRTM30_Plus, and Predicted Topography is evaluated at six studied polygons of GIN RAS multibeam (MB) coverage. High-resolution and accuracy, independent GIN RAS MB grids are used as the ground truth. Comparison of GIN RAS MB grids with USCGC “Healy” and RV “Oden” gridded MB data revealed no systematic errors in the GIN RAS data. In order to assess the accuracy an algorithm was developed to calculate depth difference between grids built in different map projections with grid cells that do not match. The assessment revealed that GEBCO_08 is more accurate than S&S over three of the six polygons, which include mid oceanic ridge, shelf and continental slope areas (polygons 1, 5 and 6). The observed differences in the accuracy between GEBCO_08 and S&S are due to the source data accuracy at polygon 1, better source data coverage in GEBCO_08 for polygons 5 and 6 (MB data), and poor performance of the interpolation in the shelf areas for S&S at polygons 4, 5 and 6. These results show that morphology of the seafloor, source data accuracy and coverage as well, as interpolation method affect the accuracy of the final output bathymetry surface.
Researching the accuracy of determining spatial coordinates through processing images from drones
Authors: Bezmenov V.M. , Safin K.I.
Published: February 2021

The authors present the results of numerical experiments aimed to determine the mean square error, which can be used to obtain the spatial coordinates of the object’s under study points through processing images obtained from UAVs using only on-Board global satellite and inertial navigation equipment on drones. At those experiments, aerial photography from the UAVs was modeled for mapping and solving the engineering task of creating a three-dimensional building (structure) model. A pair of images was simulated for the research. The results using the characteristics of the GNSS inertial solutions Trimble АРХ-15 UAV and Trimble АРХ-20 UAV are presented. The experiments show that at solving engineering tasks under conditions corresponding to an arbitrary case of aerial photography, in order to determinie the spatial coordinates with the mean square error not more than 15 mm, the same error of determining the linear elements of external orientation should be 2–5 mm, and the angular elements 10–20ʺ. This significantly exceeds the characteristics corresponding to the post-processing mode for the specified GNSS-inertial solutions. The authors show the effect of angular elements’ external orientation errors to resulting the mean square error of each coordinate and a possible approach to reducing it.
Geoinformation analysis of agricultural landscape components for land management, cadastre and monitoring of irrigated lands
Authors: Denisova E.V.
Published: February 2021

Agro-landscape complexes of the Volgograd oblast are indispensable sources of production and form the food-safety policy of the region. Timely monitoring unstable natural zones is a necessary factor of maintaining the ecological stability of the region, which prevents withdrawing the land from the agricultural turnover. As a result of geoinformation monitoring, 1424 contour of irrigated and 931 ones of rainfed arable land were examined. 44 % of that is rainfed arable land having an area of 50 hectares, and 56 % of the irrigated one up to 10 ha; refined characteristics such as perimeter, angle, slope, maximum and minimum elevation values and their differences. Geoinformation modeling of the studied territory revealed discrepancies in the actual use of land and legally fixed borders that had passed cadastral registration by more than 30 %. The data lack on the location of existing forest stands and other elements of the agricultural landscape challenges the reliability and completeness of the state cadastral records. The resulting cartographic model of the irrigated agricultural landscapes enables assessing their spatial location, nature of use, etc. Making a register of irrigated lands arises the opportunity of considering them as a separate type of use that requires constant monitoring and accounting in order to prevent the destruction of the agricultural landscape.
Creencias frente al embarazo y enfermedades bucodentales percibidas por gestantes en Montería, Colombia
Authors: Valencia-Jiménez Nydia Nina , De Arco-Montiel Sarita Luz
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Interpretar las creencias de susceptibilidad percibida entre la condición de embarazo y las enfermedades bucodentales por mujeres gestantes de la ciudad de Montería en el Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque microetnográfico, cuyos resultados se obtuvieron mediante la observación y las entrevistas a profundidad que fueron aplicadas a 21 gestantes adscritas a un hogar comunitario la comuna cuatro de la ciudad de Montería, Córdoba, 2019, seleccionadas por conveniencia. La información se recolectó durante el I semestre del 2019, y se organizó a partir de la dimensión del Modelo de Creencias en Salud: susceptibilidad percibida; el análisis se realizó bajo los parámetros de la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: La creencia de susceptibilidad que predominó entre las gestantes fue que en el periodo de embarazo las enfermedades bucales son normales y que su origen obedecía a la succión del calcio a la madre por parte del bebé para su crecimiento. Conclusión: Las creencias que poseen las gestantes actúan como barreras frente a la adopción de comportamientos saludables y de su permanencia en programas de promoción de la salud oral y prevención de las enfermedades bucodentales.
Intervenciones educativas para la prevención del pie diabético
Authors: Quemba-Mesa Monica Paola , González-Jiménez Nubia Mercedes , Camargo-Rosas Maria del Rosario
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El pie diabético es una de las complicaciones con mayor impacto en la calidad de vida de las personas con Diabetes Mellitus; en este sentido, las intervenciones educativas son fundamentales en la prevención de esta complicación, por lo cual este artículo tiene el objetivo de caracterizar las intervenciones educativas para el autocuidado y prevención de pie diabético en personas con Diabetes Mellitus. Metodología: Revisión narrativa de la literatura. Se realizó la búsqueda con las siguientes palabras clave: “Diabetes Mellitus and Educative intervention and Diabetic foot and Self-care” en español, inglés y portugués, en las bases de datos Ovid Nursing, LILACS, Google Scholar, Medline y fuentes de literatura gris. Se analizaron 56 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de selección, publicados entre los años 2008 al primer trimestre del 2020. Resultados: Surgieron las siguientes categorías de análisis: 1. Tipos de intervenciones (educación de grupo, educación entre pares, visitas presenciales y telefónicas, redes sociales y comunicación participativa); 2. Ítems a tratar en cada intervención (inspección diaria de los pies, ejercicios y demás cuidados); 3. Duración de las Intervenciones; y, 4. Impacto de las intervenciones (resultados obtenidos). Conclusiones: Las diferentes intervenciones educativas al usarse adecuadamente mejoran el nivel de autocuidado de las personas con Diabetes Mellitus y por ende mitigan el desarrollo del pie diabético.
Construcción y validación del instrumento “Conocimientos para la detección del abuso sexual en la infancia”
Authors: Gutiérrez-López Carolina
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Construir y evaluar la validez de un instrumento que mida los conocimientos que tienen los estudiantes de enfermería y medicina sobre la detección del abuso sexual en menores de 18 años Materiales y métodos: Descriptivo, cuantitativo-transversal. Se diseñó una escala de 44 ítems agrupados en cinco categorías. A continuación, se realizó una prueba de validez aparente con análisis de estadística descriptiva. Posteriormente, se efectuó la validez de contenido, determinando la razón (CVR) para cada uno de los ítems, así como el índice de validez de contenido global (CVI), basado en el modelo de Lawshe, con un criterio de calificación mayor o igual 0,58. Resultados: En la validez aparente, 18 ítems obtuvieron un porcentaje ≥ 75 % con un óptimo cumplimento en los tres criterios; en 12 ítems se observaron dos criterios > 75 a 100%; 9 ítems con 1 criterio >75% y 5 ítems no cumplieron con ningún criterio <65%. Para la validez de contenido, la escala de 44 ítems obtuvo un CVR < 0.58 para 19 ítems, lo que indica que los ítems presentan un desacuerdo en el criterio. Con respecto a la segunda medición, se evaluó la escala con 38 ítems, observando una alta validez de contenido >0,58 para 35 ítems y un índice de validez global satisfactorio de 0.88; se eliminaron tres ítems con bajo índice de contenido. Conclusión: La escala diseñada demuestra validez para 35 ítems. Se sugiere continuar con el proceso de validez del constructo y de confiabilidad para que pueda ser implementado en otras culturas.
Significados del cuidado construidos por cuidadores de personas mayores
Authors: Zuluaga-Callejas María Isabel , Galeano-Marín María Eumelia , Giraldo-Giraldo Caterin Bibiana , Vélez-Escobar Viviana Marcela , Sánchez-Vallejo Sandra Milena , Lopera-Arango Alex Mauricio , Ortiz-Berrio Juliana , Barrera-Valencia Dagoberto
Published: February 2021

Introducción: En el marco de un proceso formativo en 5 ciudades de Colombia, impartido por la Universidad de Antioquia y financiado por PROTECCIÓN S.A. entre los años 2018 – 2020, se planteó como objetivo: analizar los significados del cuidado que construyen los cuidadores de personas mayores en las ciudades de Rionegro, Bogotá, Cali, Pereira y Medellín. Materiales y métodos: 202 participantes, con edades comprendidas entre los 21 y los 73 años. Se desarrolló un estudio etnográfico particularista y colaborativo. Se realizaron 6 entrevistas individuales a cuidadores y expertos; se desarrolló observación participante y no participante de las clases del diplomado y de algunos contextos de cuidado. Resultados: El amor, la preservación de la existencia, el servicio, el sentido de vida y la responsabilidad fueron los significados que sobresalieron en los cuidadores de personas mayores, la transformación de estos significados se denota en la dedicación que destinan para la persona mayor cuidada, permitiendo incluso, una perspectiva de autocuidado. Conclusiones: La labor de cuidar es un acto que compromete la vida emocional tanto del cuidador como de la persona mayor cuidada. Se identificó que el proceso de formación favoreció la creación de redes de cuidadores, los cuáles en la medida del proceso formativo, evidenciaron capacidad de transformar visiones y significados; replantear situaciones particulares; comprender la necesidad de cuidar de sí, para cuidar a otro; la creación de lazos de solidaridad; las experiencias del trabajo interdisciplinar y el interés por capacitarse y compartir conocimientos.
MANUEL BANDEIRA E O PORTUGUÊS DO BRASIL
Authors: Cervinskis André
Published: February 2021

RESUMO: A procura dessa brasilidade, portanto, perpassa toda obra poética de Bandeira, desde a valorização da cultura popular, do jeito de ser do brasileiro, até a defesa de um português do Brasil. Desde os inícios do Modernismo, Bandeira se posicionou a favor de um português do Brasil, uma variante do português, mas que conservou características da miscigenação, empreendida aqui pelo colonizador, defendendo que a fala do povo deveria ter lugar nos romances nacionais, como o fazia Mário de Andrade. E essa singularidade, na maneira de escrever e falar do brasileiro, foi assumida categoricamente por Manuel Bandeira, depois de impulsionada por Mário de Andrade, especialmente por meio das inúmeras crônicas que escreveu e da correspondência mantida com ele, por mais de 20 anos. Na sua poesia, encontramos traços de brasilidade, como a religiosidade dessacralizada (trato informal e afetivo com os santos); valorização da oralidade e da cultura popular (a voz do povo recheada de falares e gírias), manifestando a influência cultural das três identidades que formam a brasileira (a europeia, a indígena e a africana). E essa mesma voz apareceria de forma implícita ou velada, mas sempre com propriedade, sem maiores censuras, em muito de sua produção em prosa também, com suas crônicas semanais no jornal A província, de Recife, e nos periódicos do Rio de Janeiro, especialmente o Jornal do Brasil, entre as décadas de 20 e 30. Este artigo procura discutir a opinião de Manuel bandeira sobre o idioma nacional (português do Brasil), centrado em questões de nacionalidade e identidade através de expressões linguísticas e literárias, tanto em seus versos quanto em suas crônicas.
A INFLUÊNCIA DOS CONECTIVOS ADVERSATIVOS NA LEITURA DE ESTUDANTES GRADUANDOS E DO ENSINO MÉDIO DURANTE O PROCESSAMENTO DE PERÍODOS EM PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO
Authors: Simões Antonia Gibson , Leitão Márcio , Lima Silva Henrique Miguel , Lima Silva Danielli Cristina
Published: February 2021

Esta pesquisa investigou a influência dos conectivos adversativos no processamento de períodos em português brasileiro, a partir do Modelo Estratégico de Processamento (DIJK e KINTISCH, 1983), da observação sobre a facilitação na leitura de textos com conectivos (MILLIS E JUST, 1994), do tipo de relação de coerência manifestado pelo conectivo (SANDERS & NOORDMAN, 2000; TRAXLER E COLEGAS, 1997; MURRAY, 1997; CROSSON ET.AL, 2008) e da frequência de uso de conectivos em leitores graduandos e de ensino médio (CROSSON et. al., 2008). Dois experimentos foram realizados. No experimento 1, com tarefa on-line de leitura automonitorada (movie window), teste de familiaridade e questionário sobre o perfil do leitor, investigamos o papel dos conectivos no processamento textual observando a influência de conectivos adversativos e da frequência de uso de conectivos adversativos na leitura de graduandos em textos com e sem os conectivos mas, porém, e, todavia. No experimento 2, utilizamos o mesmo design experimental e tarefas off-line do experimento 1, entretanto, os leitores eram do ensino médio. Fundamentados no mapeamento da leitura da parte inicial e final de proposições antecedidas ou não por conectivos adversativos, concluímos que a existência desses conectivos facilitou a leitura de períodos e, também, a recuperação do conteúdo do texto. Além disso, o papel dos conectivos foi influenciado pela frequência de uso e familiaridade do leitor com os conectivos investigados e pela idade/nível de escolaridade do leitor. A Psicolinguística Educacional, por meio de tarefa experimental on-line e off-line, pode auxiliar os docentes na avaliação sobre processo de conhecimento/aprendizagem dos alunos sobre assuntos relacionados à leitura/compreensão de recursos de coesão e de coerência textual.
Cross-Clamp Technique and Incidence of Stroke after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Know and Respect the Aorta Principle
Authors: Mastroiacovo Giorgio , Gennari Marco , Giambuzzi Ilaria , Pirola Sergio , Nanci Giuseppe , Bonomi Alice , Assenza Gabriele Egidy , Polvani Gianluca , Agrifoglio Marco
Published: February 2021

Objectives: One of the most severe and devastating complications
following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are cerebro-vascular
accidents. Atherosclerotic disease of the ascending aorta and epi-aortic
trunks has been considered the most probable cause of cerebral
embolization during CABG due to aortic manipulation and clamping. The
aim of this study is to investigate if single or double aortic clamping
may impact the incidence of neurological events. Methods: This is a
retrospective study which includes a series of patients who underwent
CABG from a single surgeon at our Institution from March 2006 to
December 2012. Patients were divided into two homogenous groups based on
the surgical technique: single-aortic clamping (SAC) (118 patients) and
double aortic clamp (DAC) (133 pt). Results: Median surgical time was
longer for the DAC group than for the SAC group (p= 0.015), but no
significant differences were found for the primary outcomes of stroke
and transient ischemic attack. The two groups presented a similar 30-day
survival. The follow-up was completed at 82% (median 11 years). The
Kaplan-Meier estimates a survival at 11 years of 81% and 88% for the
DAC and SAC group, respectively. Conclusions: Incidence of stroke seems
to be independent from cross-clamping technique and we could infer that
the global rate of stroke after CABG in low to moderate risk patients is
probably more influenced by other factors that further studies need to
address. Moreover, the appearance of the aorta at the time of surgery is
crucial to analyse to better personalize the strategy.
Cough as a neurological sign: Does it worth it?
Authors: Al-Biltagi Mohammed , Bediwy Adel Salah , Saeed Nermin
Published: February 2021

Cough is one of the most common complaints that lead patients to see a
doctor. It is not only a basic respiratory sign but also an important
neurological sign. There are 3 main types of cough: reflex cough (type
I), voluntary cough (type II), and evoked cough (type III). Reflex cough
sensitivity may be increased in many neurological disorders, such as
space-occupying lesion of the brainstem, medullary lesions secondary to
type I Chiari malformations, tics disorders such as Tourette’s syndrome,
somatic cough, neurodegenerative disorders of the cerebellum, and
chronic vagal neuropathy due to allergic and nonallergic diseases. On
the other hand, cough sensitivity decreases in the cerebral hypoxia,
cerebral hemispheric stroke with a brainstem shock, dementia due to Lewy
body disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,
multiple sclerosis, and peripheral neuropathy such as hereditary sensory
and autonomic neuropathy type IV, diabetic neuropathy, vitamin B12, and
folate deficiency. The ear-cough reflex of Arnold’s nerve, syncopal
cough, cough headache, opioid associated cough and cough-anal reflex are
signs that can help in the diagnosis of underlying neurological
disorders. The cough reflex test is a quick, easy, and inexpensive test
that can be performed during the cranial nerve exam. In this article, we
have discussed cough reflex testing and various neurological disorders
that increase or decrease cough sensitivity.
Environmental pollution and arthropod community change: Impact of quarry activities on invertebrate biodiversity in Ghana.
Authors: Addae Sampson , Harms Danilo , Osae Michael , Anderson Roger Sigismund , Quartey Jones , Aikins Ben , Addae Sampson
Published: February 2021

Quarry operations can have a negative impact on invertebrate
biodiversity and threaten local species through a variety of factors,
such as habitat loss and pollution. Quarrying is a common practice in
Ghana, but little is known about its effects on local insect diversity
and abundance. In this study, the relationship between quarry operations
and insect communities on an active quarry site, the Mowire quarry site
in the Ashanti region of Ghana was assessed. Transect counts, aerial
nets, pitfall traps, Flight interception traps (FIT) and fruit baiting
(Charaxes) traps were employed to assess arthropod assemblage,
specifically insects as a surrogate for arthropod communities. A total
of 2,902 individual insects belonging to 56 families and eleven orders
were recorded in all transect points across the three sampling zones.
Quarry operations had little impact on the relative abundance (N = 974)
of insects at Transect point (TP) 400m in the Eastern Zone (EZ), species
richness (S = 49) and the highest abundance (N = 302) corresponding with
high diversity of flowering plants at this site that are a food source
for pollinators and herbivorous insects. Quarry operations negatively
affected the relative abundance (N= 541) and richness (S = 37) of
insects in the Western zone (WZ), significantly affecting TP 400m in the
WZ, corresponding to the low abundance of food plant as well as volumes
of dust that settle at the WZ after every blast, as dust travels in the
direction of this zone. It is recommended that interventions to prevent
biodiversity habitat loss in and around the quarry operational site
should focus on policies that ensure and enforce the establishment of a
dust control mechanism system in the extractive industry.
Fluidized bed hydrodynamic modeling of CO2 in syngas: Distorted RTD curves
Authors: Berard Ariane , Blais Bruno , Patience Gregory
Published: February 2021

Bubbles rising through fluidized beds at velocities several times
superficial velocities contribute to solids backmixing. In
micro-fluidized beds, the walls constrain bubble sizes and velocities.
To evaluate gas-phase hydrodynamics and identify diffusional
contributions to longitudinal dispersion, we injected a mixture of H2,
CH4, CO, and CO2 (syngas) as a bolus into a fluidized bed of porous
fluid catalytic cracking catalyst while a mass-spectrometer monitored
the effluent gas concentrations at 2 Hz. The CH4, CO, and CO2 trailing
RTD traces were elongated versus H2 demonstrating a chromatographic
effect. An axial dispersion model accounted for 92% of the variance in
the data but including diffusional resistance between the bulk gas and
catalyst pores and adsorption explained 98.6% of the variability. At
300 °C, the CO2 tailing disappeared consistent with expectations in
chromatography (no adsorption). H2 and He are poor gas-phase tracers at
ambient temperature. We recommend measuring the RTD at operating
conditions.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Heterogeneous Hydrogen Bond Environment in Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Abbas Usman , Nguyen Manh Tien , Qiao Qi , Shi Jian , Shao Qing
Published: February 2021

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as excellent
extractants. Their performance depends on the heterogeneous hydrogen
bond environment formed by multiple hydrogen bond donors and acceptors.
An understanding of this heterogeneous hydrogen bond environment can be
used to develop principles for designing high-performance DESs for
extraction and other separation applications. We investigate the
structure and dynamics of hydrogen bonds in eight hydrophobic DESs
formed by decanoic acid, menthol, thymol, and Lidocaine using molecular
dynamics simulations. The results show the diversity of hydrogen bonds
in the eight DESs and their impact on diffusivity and molecular
association. Each DES possesses four-six types of hydrogen bonds and one
or two of them overwhelm the others in quantity and lifetime. The
dominating hydrogen bonds determine whether the DESs are governed by
intra- or inter-component associations. The component diffusivity
presents an inverse relationship with the hydrogen bond strength.
Plantation forests as regional strength for development of rural bioeconomy
Authors:   Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava', Daugaviete Mudrite , Telysheva Galina ,   Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Polis Ojars ,   Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’, Korica Ausma , Spalvis Kaspars
Published: February 2021

The establishment of plantation forests in areas not viable for agriculture can make a significant contribution to the economy. The yield from 1 ha of plantation forest depends on the management purpose - obtaining of round wood (pulpwood, sawnlog, veneer log, tare), bioenergy and extraction of tree foliage (broadleaved and coniferous). In Latvia, based on 2019 data, plantation forests achieve 2760 ha of Scots pine, 7855 ha of Norway spruce, 7431 ha of Birch, 2123 ha of Grey alder, 1274 ha of Black alder and Populus spp. and 618 ha of Salix spp. Estimated and projected gains are calculated both as round wood over 20 to 50 years: pine - 410-to 994 thou. m3; spruce, - 335 to 2.906 thou. m3, birch - 1.040 -2.452 thou. m3. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain gross income from the whole plantation forest area in Latvia: pine-12.42-63.8 mln. EUR; spruce - 40.1 -192.3 mln. EUR; for birch - 32.2 -202.7 mln. Eur. Additionally to that, 18.6 -21.6 t ha-1 and 24.0 -37.0 t ha-1 of processed foliage can be obtained from 1 ha of pine and spruce forest plantations (40-50 years old). Alnus incana sp. (5-20 years), yielding 19.65-122.65 thou. Solid m3 and Salix spp. (3-5 years), yielding 58.71-84.97 thou. solid m3, are used for energy production, furthermore Alnus spp. wood can be used than valuable raw material for plywood production. At the same time, it is possible to capture 106-1477 thou. tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Systematic investigations of chemical composition of above mentioned Latvian plantation trees, wood and bark, have shown that incorporation of extraction treatment in existing processing schemes will allow to manufacture high value added monomeric and oligomeric products which are of great demand for substitution of synthetic ones in different economy sectors (agriculture, including means for plant protection, food industry, polymer production, pharmacy etc.). Creation of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural region in close proximity to plantations opens the opportunity for the appearance of new working places, including organization of new nurseries, plantation services, private businesses for processing of various lignocellulosic waste into new special products / semi-products / feedstock for green industrial materials and chemicals, at the same time diminishing the logistics expenses.
Economic results and development of organic farms in Latvia
Authors:   Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Veveris Armands , Puzulis Armands ,   Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics
Published: February 2021

Organic farming is experiencing rather rapid development in Europe, including in Latvia. This could be rated from different aspects. The purpose of this article is to assess the economic indicators of the development of organic farming, linking them to conclusions stated in various studies in Latvia and other countries on the diverse economic, social and environmental impact of this type of farming, as well as potential problems. So, theoretical and empirical approaches are combined in this article. The different problems we can state as outcome of the research. The farms concentrate in areas with less favourable conditions for conventional farming. Also, large continuous areas under organic farming often leads to low production value per hectare and do not reach social goals.
Influence of institutional framework on economic activity of agricultural cooperatives: Latvia’s case
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Feldmane Liene , Zvirbule Andra ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: February 2021

Given the important role of agricultural cooperatives in strengthening competitiveness and market power of farmers in the food chain, it is essential to understand the competitiveness of their own economic activities. The purpose of this article is to summarize the institutional base affecting agricultural cooperation to assess its impact on the economic activity. To reach the goal, the normative documents that affect the agricultural co-operation directly were gathered and studied, and certain institutional obstacles and problems affecting the cooperation of economic activity were highlighted. At the end, conclusions on the institutional framework for economic activity of agricultural cooperatives in Latvia and suggestions on the legislative changes needed to improve the competitiveness of agricultural cooperatives are offered.
MARINE TERMS AND PROFESSIONALISMS IN POETIC TEXT
Authors: PUKITA ALEXANDER P.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study is to provide linguistic analysis of marine vocabulary in the poetic text of northern writers. The relevance of this article is due to insufficient knowledge of the marine vocabulary functioning in the northern text of Russian literature. The professional vocabulary of fishermen and sailors in the Arkhangelsk North served as the research material. The sources of the material are “Dictionary of folk-colloquial speech of the city of Arkhangelsk” (Vol. 2. Urban sociolects. Part 1. Professional speech of sailors and fishermen; edited by Professor T. A. Sidorova, Arkhangelsk, 2016) and literary texts by V. A. Bednov, A. I. Levushkin and D. A. Ushakov. The article provides a classification of the marine professional vocabulary used in poetic context according to various parameters, and also describes its functions.
FREE DELIBERATIVE IN DIFFERENT DISCOURSES
Authors: STEKSOVA TATIANA I. , SHMELEVA TATYANA V.
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the study of deliberative in various discursive realizations. The authors believe that free deliberative is the result of the reduction of the explanatory structure, or rather its modus component. The functioning of free deliberative in different discourses shows that, as one would expect, the most conservative in this regard is scientific discourse, while media and literary discourses actively use all the possibilities of free deliberative, activating those that are marked by colloquiality.
SELECTION OF EDUCATIONAL CONTENT TO EXPAND THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF DESIGNERS TOWARDS DESIGNING ADAPTIVE CLOTHING
Authors: EREMINA NATALIA A.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the necessity of proposing new competencies for specialists in creating an accessible object environment for maintaining the social status of people with disabilities. The author describes the main principles of designing aesthetically completed and functional clothing for a special target segment, gives design examples of special clothing and enumerates resources for promotion of adaptive models. The formation of designers' competencies in the development of fashionable adaptive clothing has been adapted to new realities. The didactic issues and tasks of the training program based on the existing needs of designing clothes for people with disabilities are outlined. The main descriptors of didactic support and content of educational activities in the system of the specified direction of vocational education are selected.
TOPICALISSUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PEDAGOGIC EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KARELIA: EXPERIENCE, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS
Authors: ERMOLENKO RIMMA E. , KOLESOV VLADIMIR I. , SMOLONSKAIA ANNA N.
Published: February 2021

The article presents the experience of the Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology of Petrozavodsk State University in creating the regional system of the continuous pedagogical education in the Republic of Karelia in conditions of the current socio-economic challenges to education, and the need to perform the tasks of the National project “Education”.The article reveals the problems of functioning and development of the system of professional pedagogical education, also describes the efficient mechanisms and directions of development. The key program activities and organizational conditions for improving the quality of the continuous pedagogical education in the Republic of Karelia have been identified.
INTERACTIVE INFORMATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AS A CONDITION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CADETS’ SELF-STUDY COMPETENCE AT MILITARY INSTITUTIONS
Authors: SHMAKOVA VERONIKA N.
Published: February 2021

This article considers the historical stages of implementing informational educational environment to the educational system. The author discusses advantages and disadvantages of informatization in education, as well as the possibility of shaping informational interactive environment in a military institution. The model for the development of the cadets’ self-educational competence in conditions of informational interactive environment is presented.
INFORMATION PROCESSING IN THE ASSISTING ROBOTECHNICAL SYSTEM: TRANSFORMATION AND VISUALIZATION
Authors: LOGUNOVA OKSANA S. , KUKHTA IULIIA B. , ILINA ELENA A. , SAGADIEV SERGEY R. , NIKOLAEV ANTON A. , VOZNYUK MIKHAIL O.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the development of software for information processing in an assisting robotic-technical system. The goal of the article is to synthesize a set of algorithms which allow transforming a digital cube in correspondence with its compression and stretching at any angle to the surface with a given force, as well as visualizing the transformation results in a volumetric form and any flat section. The paper describes the solution of several problems - generating 3D-image in the form of a digital cube with the possibility of its stratification along a discrete mesh. The authors also present the development of algorithms for transforming a digital cube. As a result, an assisting robotic system, a software module for transforming and visualizing the quasi-cube of a virtual object were designed and further development directions of the system were identified.
EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT OF RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE
Authors: VOROBEVA SVETLANA N.
Published: February 2021

This paper deals with the educational orientation of religious discourse, which is the dominant feature of this type of communication. In this regard, the article provides a comparative analysis of religious and pedagogical discourses, which allows us to identify common constitutive features, show typological similarities based on a special type of relations between discourses that have developed in the process of their historical interaction at different stages of development. The socio-cultural characteristics of discourses demonstrate the unity of their goals, means and methods aimed at the formation of a spiritual and moral personality. The study uses theological, socio-cultural and discursive research methods.
AXIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EASTERN SLAVIC PROVERBS IN COMPARISON
Authors: MOKIENKO VALERY M.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the problems of axiological analysis of East Slavic proverbs. Interlingual comparison allows determining the general and various axiological characteristics. The example of a comparative analysis of Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian proverbs with the component “WORLD” demonstrates the possibility of identifying their axiological dominants.
Students’ independent requests for feedback during collaborative productive work in their mother tongue subject
Authors: Christensen Vibeke
Published: February 2021

Feedback that supports students’ learning and self-regulation has mainly been investigated in a teacher-led feedback practice. This article investigates how students’ independent requests for feedback during collaborative productive work in their mother tongue subject may be identified and characterised. The study was conducted as an ethnographic case study in the context of Danish compulsory education and video recordings were used to observe students’ production processes. The results show that requests for feedback extend beyond the goals set by the teacher, and thus beyond the criteria. A request for feedback may appear implicit in a dialogue or explicit as a question. The students ask for feedback regarding their tasks, processes and self-regulation. This article calls for paying greater attention to students’ goal setting in the study of feedback processes.
Peran Motivasi dalam Proses Pembelajaran untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Padang Indonesia, Arsilawita Arsilawita , Suhaili Neviyarni ,   Universitas Negeri Padang Indonesia
Published: February 2021

Answering the challenges in the world of education today is how a teacher is able to provide knowledge to students, in the form of a learning process. Teachers are required to be able to present an interesting learning process so that students have the motivation to follow the learning process from beginning to end. The teacher learning design can combine several methods so that a varied learning process is formed so that the teacher can facilitate all students from various forms of student learning styles. Motivation to learn can also be done by the teacher by giving awards, praise, and mentoring individually or in groups. The motivation of students will produce learning outcomes as desired, because children following the learning process do not feel forced to emerge from within themselves, so that what is given in any form students will be able to process new knowledge for themselves.
Uji Mortalitas Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura F.) Terhadap Ekstrak Tanaman Lidah Mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain)
Authors:   Universitas Mulawarman Indonesia, Permatasari Gusthi , Hariani Nova ,   Universitas Mulawarman Indonesia, Trimurti Sus ,   Universitas Mulawarman Indonesia
Published: February 2021

The tongue-in-law plant (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain) contains saponins, flavonoids, steroids and triterpenoids which are natural metabolites that have the potential to control agricultural pests such as armyworms (Spodoptera sp.). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the mortality and LC50 value for 72 hours of giving in-law tongue plant extract to Spodoptera litura and the length of the life cycle of S. litura in the laboratory. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD). The extract of the tongue-in-law plant is obtained from the maceration process of the tongue-in-law plant with ethanol and then concentrated using a rotary evaporator until the thick extract is obtained. The results of the research on the ethanol extract of the tongue-in-law plant on the mortality of S. litura, found that the highest mortality was 63.6% at a concentration of 800 ppm and the lowest mortality value was 36.4% at a concentration of 200 ppm for 72 hours.
Implementasi Model Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berkomunikasi Lisan dan Hasil Belajar Plantae
Authors:   Indonesia, Sukmawati Fadila Tantri
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research was to know effect of Problem Based Learning to Improving Oral Cummunication skill and Student’s Cognitive Result in Grade X SMA Negeri 1 Purbolinggo in Plantae topic. The method for this research was a pretest-posttest design, using a purposive sampling technique, with a total sample of 72 students and analyzed by t-test. The research results showed that oral communication skill for experiment group is 82,05 (very good) and for control group is 69,72 (good). Student’s cognitive result for N-Gain experiment group is 0,50 (moderate) and for control group is 0,30 (low) with Sig. (2-tailed) t-count < 0,05. Therefore, Improving Oral Cummunication skill and Student’s Cognitive Result in Grade X SMA Negeri 1 Purbolinggo with Problem Based Learning in Plantae topic is significantly.