bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiocarbon Dating the Human Occupation at Sandia Cave, New Mexico
Authors: Thompson Jessica C. , Haynes C. Vance
Published: April 2012

Sandia Cave generated much interest when in the 1940s extinct Pleistocene megafauna were reported in association with what appeared to be a pre-Folsom Paleoindian component. By the 1950s a series of controversies regarding the stratigraphy and dating began to push the site into obscurity. The human occupation at the site has never been directly dated beyond 2250 ± 50 BP, and nonartifactual associated bone will not provide reliable age estimates because of extensive bioturbation, poor provenience, and the fact that the majority of fossils were accumulated by carnivores and rodents, rather than humans. However, a small number of mineralized fragments display human modification, suggesting occasional human activity of some antiquity at the site. One bone tool, one burned bone, and four bones bearing butchery marks were subjected to direct Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS)14C dating. Unfortunately, mineralized bones did not preserve sufficient collagen to be dated. Two unmineralized specimens (the burned bone and the bone tool) push the direct Chronometric ages for the human occupation at Sandia Cave back to 3447 ± 96 BP. An older Folsom occupation is suggested by associated dates on breccia, but all lines of evidence taken together provide no support for a pre-Folsom human occupation.
The Potential of Bulk δ13C on Encrusted Cooking Residues as Independent Evidence for Regional Maize Histories
Authors: Hart John P. , Lovis William A. , Jeske Robert J. , Richards John D.
Published: April 2012

The histories of maize utilization in eastern North America have been substantially revised recently, primarily because of the analysis of charred cooking residues encrusted on pottery. A multifaceted research strategy of bulk δ13C assays coupled with accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon data and microbotanical evidence can yield coherent regional maize use histories. Bulk δ13 C assay interpretation complications include (1) variations among vessels by site, (2) a potential for false negatives, and (3) a wide range of variation potentially present for any given time period. Regional histories using this approach can be quite variable without appropriate use of multiple lines of evidence.
Shabik’Eschee Village in Chaco Canyon: Beyond the Archetype
Authors: Wills W. H. , Scott Worman F. , Dorshow Wetherbee , Richards-Rissetto Heather
Published: April 2012

This study revisits an earlier publication in this journal (Wills and Windes 1989) in which a settlement model involving seasonal mobility and limited household autonomy was outlined for Shabik’eschee Village, a Basketmaker III period (ca. A.D. 400–750) site in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. We return to that work for three reasons. First, the original interpretation has been challenged and an alternative view offered in the form of a large sedentary village. Second, the issue of Basketmaker III sedentism is central to recent efforts to identify and understand a Neolithic Demographic Transition in the northern Southwest. And third, we have obtained new field data from Shabik’eschee and Chaco that contributes to this debate. We conclude that our understanding of Shabik’ eschee’s history is improved by both new data and the ongoing consideration of alternative models, but the site does not contain evidence for a sedentary village.
Comment on “Clovis and Western Stemmed: Population Migration and the Meeting of Two Technologies in the Intermountain West” by Charlotte Beck and George T. Jones
Authors: Fiedel Stuart J. , Morrow Juliet E.
Published: April 2012

Beck and Jones (2010) assert that Clovis “was not first in the Intermountain West”; Western Stemmed points are older than fluted points; and the stemmed point makers derived from a hypothetical pre-13,000 cal B.P. Pacific Coast migration. A less tendentious review of the data suggests instead that Western Stemmed follows Clovis in this region, as previously inferred by Willig and Aikens.
What is the effectiveness of methods for eradicating or controlling abundance and biomass of invasive aquatic plants in Canada? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Harper Meagan , Rytwinski Trina , Irvine Robyn , Cooke Steven J.
Published: June 2024

Invasive freshwater aquatic plants can have adverse ecological effects on the systems to which they are introduced, changing ecosystem function, threatening native plant species and causing billions of dollars in damage to infrastructure. Additionally, once established, invasive aquatic plants are often difficult to eradicate or control.

Given the importance of managing invasive aquatic plants, and the high associated economic costs of doing so, it is essential to determine the relative effectiveness of different control methods. Here, we present a protocol for a systematic review that will estimate the effectiveness of various biological, chemical, habitat manipulations and/or manual/mechanical methods for eradicating or controlling invasive plant abundance and biomass.

This systematic review will use published and grey literature, without date restriction, that determines the effectiveness of invasive plant control methods. English‐language searches will be performed using five bibliographic databases, Google Scholar, and networking tools to find relevant literature. Eligibility screening will be conducted at two stages: (1) title and abstract and (2) full text. Studies that evaluate the effectiveness of methods for controlling the abundance or biomass or eradicating invasive plants will be included. A list of plant species currently, or potentially, in Canadian freshwater systems and of management concern will be considered.

Included studies will undergo critical appraisal of internal study validity. We will extract information on study characteristics, intervention and comparator details, measured outcomes (abundance and biomass, broadly defined) and effect modifiers (e.g., plant growth pattern or timing of treatments). A narrative synthesis will be used to describe the quantity and characteristics of the evidence base, while quantitative synthesis (i.e., meta‐analysis) will be conducted to estimate an overall mean and variance of effect when sufficient numbers of similar studies are available.
Development of Lead‐Free Defect Brownmillerite Perovskite Ceramic LiBiFeMnO5 Solid Solution for Electronic Devices
Authors: Panda Debasish , Hota Sudhansu Sekhar , Choudhary Ram Naresh Prasad
Published: June 2024

This article reports the fabrication (synthesis) and characterizations (structural, microstructural topographic surface, dielectric, transport, impedance, current–voltage, and resistive properties) of a complex lead‐free defect perovskite material of composition LiBiFeMnO5. A preliminary structural investigation of the X‐ray diffraction pattern using N‐TREOR09 methods shows monoclinic symmetry. The scanning electron microscopic spectrum examines the sample's microstructural topographic surface, fractal study, and roughness (using the standard ISO25178). The analysis of Maxwell–Wagner dielectric dispersion, relaxation, and transport mechanisms is investigated utilizing dielectric, impedance, and conductivity spectrum accumulated within the experimental frequency of (1 kHz–1 MHz) at different temperatures (30–500 °C). A nonoverlapping small polaron tunneling conduction mechanism and correlated barrier hopping mechanism in the material have helped to understand its conduction phenomena. The Ohmic and space–charge limited conduction mechanisms are investigated by the slope of the logarithmic electric field (E) and current density (J). The thermistor constant (β) is determined to be 1982.87. The temperature coefficient of resistance is found to be −0.00419, which may be suitable for negative temperature coefficient thermistors, sensors, and other related devices.
Fabrication of Smooth, Periodic Surface Structures: Combining Direct Laser Interference Patterning and Electropolishing
Authors: Schäfer Christian , Delfino Pablo Maria , Leonhard‐Trautmann Philipp , Ott Vincent , Suarez Sebastian , Stüber Michael , Mücklich Frank , Pauly Christoph
Published: June 2024

The manipulation of topography is crucial in surface engineering to customize material properties and surface functionalities for specific applications. Scientists have been inspired by natural surfaces found in plants and animals and have increasingly used engineered surface structures to improve characteristics such as friction, wear, electrical resistance, wettability, and antimicrobial behavior across various fields. Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is a technique that can rapidly create well‐defined, periodic surface structures. However, it can still face challenges such as surface roughness and non‐uniformity, which require complementary post‐processing techniques. This article investigates the effectiveness of electropolishing in phosphoric acid as a post‐processing method for DLIP‐treated copper surfaces. Through systematic characterization and analysis, it is demonstrated that electropolishing selectively smoothens DLIP‐treated surfaces by removing undesired by‐products, such as oxides and redeposited material while retaining the underlying structure. The real surface area and, consequently, the S ratio are diminished by up to 13%, while the root mean square roughness Rq along the topographic maxima of the line pattern is reduced by ≈90%. These findings contribute to the advancement of our understanding of surface modification techniques and their potential applications in diverse fields.
Saturation of Grain Fragmentation upon Severe Plastic Deformation: Fact or Fiction?
Authors: Renk Oliver , Hohenwarter Anton , Edalati Kaveh , Kapp Marlene W.
Published: June 2024

There has been general agreement that grain refinement upon severe plastic deformation (SPD) saturates at equivalent strains of 10–20, as a dynamic equilibrium between refinement and coarsening is established. Meanwhile, few reports question such steady state, but suggest another strain hardening regime might be entered for strains >1000. So far, neither an in‐depth analysis nor a general theory for such ultra‐SPD strain hardening has been established. The present work provides clear evidence for additional strain hardening at ultra‐severe strains. Although at this stage the strain hardening rate is awfully weak (≈0.03 MPa), it manifests in noticeable grain refinement and hardness increase. Texture and the existence of subgrains still support dislocation‐based plasticity. Specimens deformed to ultra‐severe strains possess improved thermal stability. Although an unambiguous conclusion regarding the origin of the ultra‐SPD strain hardening is currently not possible, the potential mechanisms are being discussed. While continuous impurity uptake from the anvils could explain the hardening and improved thermal stability, estimation of grain boundary migration rates suggests that a slight but continuous net refinement is also plausible. Together with structural transformations of grain boundaries, this offers an alternative, intrinsic source for ultra‐SPD hardening. It is hoped that this thought‐provoking conclusion stimulates further research into this subject.
The Effects of Shear Stress on the Micromechanical Properties of 3D Printable Biopolymer Nanocomposites Using a Custom‐Designed Extrusion‐Based 3D Printer
Authors: Hashemi Sanaz Saadatmand , Mondal Dibakar , Patil Haresh , Montesano John , Willett Thomas L.
Published: June 2024

Current advancements in 3D printing technology have the potential to facilitate the production of scaffolds and implants for various biomedical applications, including bone repair and regeneration. 3D printed patient‐specific bone‐inspired nanocomposite grafts might be a viable alternative to current bone repair treatment methods if they provide appropriate anatomic structure, biocompatibility, and adequate mechanical properties. In the current work, a 3D printable nanocomposite biomaterial ink with bone cell biocompatibility (in vitro) is printed while adjusting shear stress during extrusion using a custom‐designed 3D printer to investigate the shear stress effect on the mechanical properties of the 3D printed nanocomposite. Tensile test results, as well as polarized light microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analyses, reveal that increasing the applied shear stress from 3.5 to 14 kPa during extrusion‐based 3D printing in a custom‐built 3D printer, increased the strength, tensile modulus, and toughness of printed nanocomposite filaments by about three‐fold. This improvement is attributed to increased crystallinity in the thermoset biopolymer matrix due to the higher shear stress and the nano‐confinement effect. This implies that greater shear during layer‐by‐layer extrusion‐based 3D printing might be employed to create more robust mechanically competent 3D printed nanocomposite bone grafts.
3D Printed Silk Fibroin‐Based Hydrogels with Tunable Adhesion and Stretchability for Wearable Sensing
Authors: Wu Kunlin , Li Junwei , Li Yue , Wang Hailu , Zhang Yingchao , Guo Binbin , Yu Jing , Wang Yifan
Published: June 2024

Hydrogel‐based wearable strain sensors have recently gained considerable interest due to their promising applications in real‐time health monitoring and motion detection. However, achieving integrated high‐stretchability, self‐adhesiveness, and long‐term water‐retaining property simultaneously in hydrogel systems remains a big challenge, which limits their applications in wearable electronics. Herein, a multifunctional hydrogel material designed is proposed for wearable strain sensors that can be manufactured by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology. By tailoring the composition of chemically cross‐linked networks (ploy(acrylamide)/poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate), physically cross‐linked networks (ploy(acrylamide)/poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate/silk fibroin/glycerol/water) and microstructures on the surface, the 3D printed hydrogel exhibits promising superior and adjustable mechanical properties, tunable adhesion and good water‐retaining property simultaneously. In addition, through adding conductive ions, high ionic conductivity can also be achieved for stretchable sensing applications. Based on these integrated multifunctionalities, the 3D printed hydrogel is suitable for wearable strain sensors to detect various body motions. This work provides a prospect for 3D printable hydrogel systems with broad applications in wearable electronics.
Customized Electronic Modulations of Transition Metal Chalcogenide Electrodes Via Heterointerfacing/High‐Valence Doping Toward High‐Performance Water Electrolysis with Ampere‐Level Current Density
Authors: Qin Xinyu , Yan Bingyi , Chen Tianyu , Teng Zhishun , Cho Deok Ki , Haryanto Andi , Lim Hyun Woo , Lee Chan Woo , Piao Yuanzhe , Xu Lin , Kim Jin Young
Published: June 2024

Electrochemical water splitting offers an advancing approach to producing highly pure hydrogen and oxygen, motivated by the prevalence of a low‐carbon economy and the goal of a sustainable future. The customized modulation of electronic structures enables the electrocatalyst to directionally promote hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is a promising shortcut to overall water splitting (OWS). Herein, 3D homologous WSeS/CoSeS heterojunction nanoarrays (WSeS/CoSeS NAs) and W‐doped CoSeS nanoarrays (W‐CoSeS NAs) are investigated. Abundant heterointerfaces within WSeS/CoSeS NAs facilitate HER kinetics, boosting mass diffusivity, and increasing carrier separation and transfer process. High‐valence W6+ doping into CoSeS prevents phase separation and stabilizes Co sites by charge offset effect, leading to enhanced OER. Consequently, the WSeS/CoSeS NAs and W‐CoSeS NAs reach 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 43.8 and 233.3 mV in 1.0 m KOH electrolyte for HER and OER, respectively. Moreover, when asymmetrically engaged as an electrolyzer, this configuration exhibits extraordinary electrocatalytic performances (cell voltage of 1.51 V at 10 mA cm−2) with satisfying stability and mechanical robustness (over 1000 h at 1000 mA cm−2). The modulation and manufacture of reaction‐property‐oriented materials are experimentally and theoretically validated potential, illuminating the light of inspiration for multiple applications.
Synergistic Enhancement of Dielectric Polymers Through Fluorine Incorporation for Improved Energy Storage, Reduced Loss, and Enhanced Processability
Authors: Cheng Yipin , Ji Qinglong , Zhang Guanxiang , Zhang Xiao , Liu Zhenxue , Gong Honghong , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: June 2024

Establishing a harmonious equilibrium between high energy storage, minimal energy loss, and exceptional processability presents a formidable challenge within the realm of dielectric polymers. To address this challenge, harnessing the characteristics of long‐chain side groups to enhance polarity and toughness, as well as the fluorine effect to improve insulation and efficiency, a random copolymer, poly(4‐fluorostyrene‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (P(FS‐3FEMA)), is successfully synthesized via copolymerization of fluorine‐containing monomers, namely 4‐fluorostyrene (FSt) and trifluoroethyl methacrylate (3FEMA). Experimental findings demonstrate that elongating side chains enhances polymer toughness, boosts polarization strength, and self‐healing capacity. Introducing fluorine atoms into side chains maintains toughness while marginally increasing polymer chain spacing, reducing relaxation loss induced by dipole reorientation under an applied electric field. Additionally, fluorine incorporation enhances electron capture, effectively reducing leakage loss and the likelihood of thermal and electrical breakdown. Ultimately, the copolymer exhibits exceptional performance, characterized by extraordinarily high energy storage (Ue = 18.3 J cm−3), minimal energy loss (efficiency exceeding 89%), and enhanced toughness (increased by over 112%). This study presents a novel approach that harnesses the fluorine effect to reconcile the conflicting requirements of high energy storage, minimal energy loss, and exceptional processability in polymer dielectrics.
Polyamidoxime‐Coated Coconut Haustorium Derived Magnetic Biochar Adsorbent with Photothermal Conversion for Highly Efficient Uranium Recovery from Nuclear Wastewater
Authors: Zhou Guanbing , Gao Feng , Liu Tao , Shi Se , Wang Hui , Yuan Yihui , Wang Ning
Published: June 2024

Efficient removal of uranium from uranium‐containing nuclear wastewater is of great significance for utilizing uranium resources and protecting the environment from uranium hazards. In this paper, a polyamidoxime‐coated coconut haustorium derived magnetic biochar (CHMBC‐PAO) composite adsorbent with excellent adsorption performance, magnetism, recyclability, and photothermal conversion properties in complex environments is prepared through a simple soak‐gelation coating method for efficient removal of uranium from nuclear wastewater. The coconut haustorium biochar, carbonized by a sponge‐like organ inside the sprouted coconut, can provide rich functional groups and electronegative surface, which are conducive to the loading of functional materials and the adsorption of uranyl, respectively. The CHMBC‐PAO presents 2.4 emu g−1 saturation magnetization, making it can be efficiently recovered through magnetic recovery. It can convert absorbed light into thermal energy through molecular thermal vibration and non‐radiative relaxation process of excitons. Enhanced by the photothermal effect, CHMBC‐PAO shows an extra high uranium adsorption capacity of 310.30 mg g−1 in acidic nuclear wastewater within a short period of time, surpassing the adsorption capacity of most reported uranium removal materials. Meanwhile, the CHMBC‐PAO also presented excellent ion selectivity and reusability. Therefore, CHMBC‐PAO composite adsorbent can be considered as a potential candidate for treating radioactive nuclear wastewater.
Ultralow Detection Limit and Anisotropic X‐Ray Detection Behaviors Based on A Novel Oxide KCsMoP2O9 Single Crystal
Authors: Fan Mengdi , Sun Xue , Wu Guangda , Zhang Guodong , Yu Fapeng , Zhao Xian
Published: June 2024

X‐ray detection has drawn great attention in industrial examination, medical imaging, scientific research, and beyond. Herein, the anisotropic X‐ray detection performances are investigated based on a novel oxide crystal KCsMoP2O9 (KCMP). The large dielectric screening effect and 1D infinite chain structure consisting of MoO6 octahedron and two PO4 tetrahedrons are conducive to efficient carrier transport along the X‐direction, leading to a higher µτ (4.77 × 10−3 cm2 V−1) of X direction than that of Z direction (1.05 × 10−4 cm2 V−1). Additionally, the KCMP‐based X‐ray detector along the X direction shows weaker ion migration than that of the Z direction due to the large migration barrier of O2− (8.0 eV) and high ion active energy (784.9 meV) along the X direction. Owing to the high resistivity (2.29 × 1013 Ω cm), high µτ, high ion activation energy, suppressed ion migration, and ultralow dark current, the X‐ray detection performance of the KCMP detector along the X direction is superior to that of the Z direction. Specifically, the high sensitivity (131.2 µC Gy−1 cm−2) and ultralow detection limit (8.9 nGys−1) are achieved in the KCMP detector along the X direction. This work clarifies anisotropic engineering to enhance the X‐ray detection performance of oxide crystals and proposes a novel X‐ray detection crystal with an ultralow detection limit.
In Situ Fabricated Poly(1,8‐naphthalenediamine)/Active Carbon Composite Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries with High Active Sites Utilization and Ultralong Life Span of 50 000 Cycles
Authors: Zhao Xiaoru , Wang Zhuanping , Yang Jixing , Xu Yunhua , Li Yuesheng
Published: June 2024

Polymers with redox activity are one type of promising candidates of cathode materials for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries due to their potential low‐cost, high safe, and renewable features. Unfortunately, suboptimal polymer electrode structure often results in unsatisfactory electrochemical performance. Herein, poly(1,8‐diaminonaphthalene)/active carbon composite electrodes are prepared via nanoconfined in situ electropolymerization within porous active carbon, which have ultrahigh specific surface area (1035.0 m2 g−1) and unique nano‐porous structure, thereby highly enhancing the utilization of the active site up to 91.6%. The as‐prepared cathodes deliver ultrahigh reversible capacity of 479.5 mAh g−1, ultrafast rate capability of up to 60 A g−1 and an ultralong life span of 50,000 cycles. Storage mechanism investigation indicates that the cathode material involves a bipolar‐type behavior. These encouraging results demonstrate that nanoconfined in situ electropolymerization in active carbon is a brand‐new strategy for the design of advanced polymer electrodes for high‐performance aqueous Zn‐organic batteries.
Development of Bio‐Voltage Operated Humidity‐Sensory Neurons Comprising Self‐Assembled Peptide Memristors
Authors: Lv Ziyu , Zhu Shirui , Wang Yan , Ren Yanyun , Luo Mingtao , Wang Hanning , Zhang Guohua , Zhai Yongbiao , Zhao Shilong , Zhou Ye , Jiang Minghao , Leng Yan‐Bing , Han Su‐Ting
Published: June 2024

Biomimetic humidity sensors offer a low‐power approach for respiratory monitoring in early lung‐disease diagnosis. However, balancing miniaturization and energy efficiency remains challenging. This study addresses this issue by introducing a bioinspired humidity‐sensing neuron comprising a self‐assembled peptide nanowire (NW) memristor with unique proton‐coupled ion transport. The proposed neuron shows a low Ag+ activation energy owing to the NW and redox activity of the tyrosine (Tyr)‐rich peptide in the system, facilitating ultralow electric‐field–driven threshold switching and a high energy efficiency. Additionally, Ag+ migration in the system can be controlled by a proton source owing to the hydrophilic nature of the phenolic hydroxyl group in Tyr, enabling the humidity‐based control of the conductance state of the memristor. Furthermore, a memristor‐based neuromorphic perception neuron that can encode humidity signals into spikes is proposed. The spiking characteristics of this neuron can be modulated to emulate the strength‐modulated spike‐frequency characteristics of biological neurons. A three‐layer spiking neural network with input neurons comprising these highly tunable humidity perception neurons shows an accuracy of 92.68% in lung‐disease diagnosis. This study paves the way for developing bioinspired self‐assembly strategies to construct neuromorphic perception systems, bridging the gap between artificial and biological sensing and processing paradigms.
Highly Regular Layered Structure via Dual‐Spatially–Confined Alignment of Nanosheets Enables High‐Performance Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Si‐Chao , Hou YuanZhen , Chen Si‐Ming , He Zhen , Wang Ze‐Yu , Zhu YinBo , Wu HengAn , Gao Huai‐Ling , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: June 2024

Assembling ultrathin nanosheets into layered structure represents one promising way to fabricate high‐performance nanocomposites. However, how to minimize the internal defects of the layered assemblies to fully exploit the intrinsic mechanical superiority of nanosheets remains challenging. Here, a dual‐scale spatially confined strategy for the co‐assembly of ultrathin nanosheets with different aspect ratios into a near‐perfect layered structure is developed. Large‐aspect–ratio (LAR) nanosheets are aligned due to the microscale confined space of a flat microfluidic channel, small‐aspect–ratio (SAR) nanosheets are aligned due to the nanoscale confined space between adjacent LAR nanosheets. During this co‐assembly process, SAR nanosheets can flatten LAR nanosheets, thus reducing wrinkles and pores of the assemblies. Benefiting from the precise alignment (orientation degree of 90.74%) of different‐sized nanosheets, efficient stress transfer between nanosheets and interlayer matrix is achieved, resulting in layered nanocomposites with multiscale mechanical enhancement and superior fatigue durability (100 000 bending cycles). The proposed co‐assembly strategy can be used to orderly integrate high‐quality nanosheets with different sizes or diverse functions toward high‐performance or multifunctional nanocomposites.
Electroreductive Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds and Alkyl Bromides
Authors: Li Rui‐Xue , Wang Xiao‐Wen , Chen Yuan , He Xue‐Yan , Guan Zhi , He Yan‐Hong
Published: June 2024

Classical methods for the synthesis of tertiary alcohols mainly rely on the nucleophilic addition of organometallic reagents to carbonyl compounds. Here, we disclose a strategy for synthesizing tertiary alcohols via electroreductive cross‐electrophile coupling of aromatic carbonyl compounds and alkyl bromides (allyl, propargyl, benzyl and cyclohexyl bromides). This procedure features good substrate tolerance and friendly conditions (undivided cell, cheap and reusable carbon electrodes, reaction in open air, room temperature, without any external transition metal/activating reagent). Using this method, 32 desired products can be obtained with moderate to good yields, and gram‐scale synthesis is feasible, demonstrating the practicality of this approach.
Electron Spin Broken‐Symmetry of Fe–Co Diatomic Pairs to Promote Kinetics of Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis for Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Li Xiaokang , Qin Jian , Lin Qingxin , Yi Xiaoyu , Yan Cheng , Zhang Jianhua , Dong Jinjuan , Yu Kang , Zhang Shenglong , Xie Chong , Yang Huijuan , Xiao Wei , Li Wenbin , Wang Jingjing , Li Xifei
Published: June 2024

Designing bifunctional catalysts to reduce the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) reaction barriers while accelerating the reaction kinetics is perceived to be a promising strategy to improve the performance of Zinc–air batteries. Unsymmetric configuration in single‐atom catalysts has attracted attention due to its unique advantages in regulating electron orbitals. In this work, a seesaw effect in unsymmetric Fe–Co bimetallic monoatomic configurations is proposed, which can effectively improve the OER/ORR bifunctional activity of the catalyst. Compared with the symmetrical model of Fe–Co, a strong charge polarization between Co and Fe atoms in the unsymmetric model is detected, in whom the spin‐down electrons around Co atoms are much higher than those spin‐up electrons. The seesaw effect occurred between Co atoms and Fe atoms, resulting in a negative shift of the d‐band center, which means that the adsorption of oxygen intermediates is weakened and more conducive to their dissociation. The optimized reaction kinetics of the catalyst leads to excellent performance in ZABs, with a peak power density of 215 mW cm−2 and stable cycling for >1300 h and >4000 cycles. Flexible Zinc–air batteries have also gained excellent performance to demonstrate their potential in the field of flexible wearables.
Homogeneous In‐Plane Lattice Strain Enabling d‐Band Center Modulation and Efficient d–π Interaction for an Ag2Mo2O7 Cathode Catalyst With Ultralong Cycle Life in Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Yu Han , Zhang Guoliang , Zhang Dongmei , Yang Ruonan , Li Xia , Zhang Xiuqi , Lian Gang , Hou Hua , Guo Zhanhu , Hou Chuanxin , Yang Xiaoyang , Dang Feng
Published: June 2024

Although lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) hold great promise as future energy storage systems, they are impeded by insulated discharge product Li2O2 and sluggish oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution revolution (ORR/OER) kinetics. The application of a highly efficient cathode catalyst determines the LOBs performance. The d‐band modulation and catalytic kinetics promotion are important concept guidelines for the performance enhancement of cathode catalysts. In this work, the homogeneous in‐plane distortion‐derived synergistic catalytic capability of an Ag2Mo2O7 catalyst with modulated d‐band centers and promoted ORR/OER kinetics is demontrated. The uniform elongation of Ag─O bonds and compression of Mo─O bonds in (020) plane leads to d‐band splitting and d‐band center optimization and delivers improved adsorption behavior for high ORR/OER capability. Furthermore, the spatial and energy overlap of Ag dxz and O2 anti‐bonding π* orbitals facilitate electron injection during ORR process and reduce the energy barrier for charge transfer and O2 desorption during OER process, accelerating the ORR/OER kinetics. As a result, the (020) plane‐exposed Ag2Mo2O7 cathode exhibits ultralong cycle stability of 817 cycles at 500 mA g−1 and large specific discharge/charge capacities of 15898/15180 mAh g−1. This work provides facile concept guidance for optimizing catalytic capability through controlled lattice distortion in cathode catalysts for LOBs.
Narrow row maize cultivation increased grain and forage yield of hybrids in Ohio and Pennsylvania
Authors: Gomes Victor E. de V. , Lindsey Alexander J. , Novais Wanderson , Thomison Peter R. , Geyer Allen B. , Roth Gregory W. , Reese Kirk D.
Published: June 2024

Although there has been a resurgence in interest among farmers in producing narrow row hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) in the Eastern UnitedStates, agronomic recommendations for modern hybrids are limited. To address this issue, field trials were carried out from 2016 to 2018 in Ohio and Pennsylvania (10 unique site‐year combinations), aiming to answer the following questions: (i) Do modern hybrids differ in their response to narrow (38 cm) and conventional (76 cm) row spacing? (ii) Is there a yield increase for narrow row production? The study was planted in a split‐plot randomized complete block design with four replications. The whole plot factor was row spacing, and the subplot factor was hybrid. Two hybrids (P0506AM and P0604AM) were in an “early”‐season group, and two hybrids (P1197AM and P1443AM) were “full”‐season hybrids. Both P0506AM and P1443AM were identified as AQUAmax hybrids and had superior seed company drought tolerance ratings over their maturity pairing counterpart. Grain and forage yield were 4% and 8% greater, respectively, for the narrow row spacing across hybrids. Hybrid differences in drought tolerance designation did not result in grain or forage yield differences under varied row spacings. There was no hybrid × row spacing interaction. In most site‐years, P1197AM hybrid produced the greatest grain and forage yields, though P1443AM and P0506AM were similar in most cases. Results suggest a minor advantage in yield (≤8%) from narrow rows in Ohio and Pennsylvania, though other considerations that include cost to conversion should be considered prior to adoption.
Abuse and other factors related to depression in older Ecuadorian adults
Authors: Sánchez Brenda Lorena Pillajo , Serrano‐Dueñas Marcos , Panta Diego Alexander Mendoza , Vásquez Juana Albertina Moncayo
Published: June 2024

Objective

To identify abuse and other risk factors associated with depression in older Ecuadorian adults using data from the 2012 Ecuador's Survey of Health, Welfare, and Aging (SABE).

Methods

This cross‐sectional study analyzed data from the 2012 SABE survey, which included 5235 adults aged 60 and above. The study evaluated residence, education level, ethnic self‐identification, self‐perceived health and memory, loneliness, cognitive status, and abuse. Depression was assessed using the Yesavage Depression Scale, short version (YDS‐SV). Categorical variables were analyzed with the Chi‐square test, differences between groups were calculated with the Kruskal–Wallis test, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed. A p‐value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The mean age was 71.39 ± 8.59 years and 55.10% of the sample were women. Abuse was absent in 72.1% (3.773) of the population. The Chi‐square test indicated significant associations between depression and poor self‐reported health (P = 0.000) and indigenous ethnicity (P = 0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (P < 0.001), abuse (p < 0.001), cognitive status (P = 0.002), and living alone (P = 0.034) significantly contributed to mood as assessed by the YDS‐SV. No statistically significant association was found for perceived health status or place of residence (urban or rural).

Conclusions

Risk factors associated with depression in older Ecuadorian adults include advanced age, living alone, cognitive decline, poor self‐perception of health and cognition, and abuse.
Long‐term pharmacodynamic and clinical effects of twice‐ versus once‐daily low‐dose aspirin in essential thrombocythemia: The ARES trial
Authors: Rocca Bianca , Tosetto Alberto , Petrucci Giovanna , Rossi Elena , Betti Silvia , Soldati Denise , Iurlo Alessandra , Cattaneo Daniele , Bucelli Cristina , Dragani Alfredo , Di Ianni Mauro , Ranalli Paola , Palandri Francesca , Vianelli Nicola , Beggiato Eloise , Lanzarone Giuseppe , Ruggeri Marco , Carli Giuseppe , Elli Elena Maria , Renso Rossella , Randi Maria Luigia , Bertozzi Irene , Loscocco Giuseppe Gaetano , Ricco Alessandra , Specchia Giorgina , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Rodeghiero Francesco , De Stefano Valerio , Patrono Carlo ,   for the Aspirin Regimens in EsSential thrombocythemia (ARES) Investigators
Published: June 2024

Patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) are treated with once‐daily low‐dose aspirin to prevent thrombosis, but their accelerated platelet turnover shortens the antiplatelet effect. The short‐term Aspirin Regimens in EsSential Thrombocythemia trial showed that twice‐daily aspirin dosing restores persistent platelet thromboxane (TX) inhibition. However, the long‐term pharmacodynamic efficacy, safety and tolerability of twice‐daily aspirin remain untested. We performed a multicenter, randomized, open‐label, blinded‐endpoint, phase‐2 trial in which 242 patients with ET were randomized to 100 mg aspirin twice‐ or once‐daily and followed for 20 months. The primary endpoint was the persistence of low serum TXB2, a surrogate biomarker of antithrombotic efficacy. Secondary endpoints were major and clinically relevant non‐major bleedings, serious vascular events, symptom burden assessed by validated questionnaires, and in vivo platelet activation. Serum TXB2 was consistently lower in the twice‐daily versus once‐daily regimen on 10 study visits over 20 months: median 3.9 ng/mL versus 19.2 ng/mL, respectively; p < .001; 80% median reduction; 95% CI, 74%–85%. No major bleeding occurred. Clinically relevant non‐major bleedings were non‐significantly higher (6.6% vs. 1.7%), and major thromboses lower (0.8% vs. 2.5%) in the twice‐daily versus once‐daily group. Patients on the twice‐daily regimen had significantly lower frequencies of disease‐specific symptoms and severe hand and foot microvascular pain. Upper gastrointestinal pain was comparable in the two arms. In vivo platelet activation was significantly reduced by the twice‐daily regimen. In patients with ET, twice‐daily was persistently superior to once‐daily low‐dose aspirin in suppressing thromboxane biosynthesis and reducing symptom burden, with no detectable excess of bleeding and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Kohlenstoff‐Basierte Schwach Koordinierende Anionen: Molekulares Design, Synthese und Anwendung
Authors: Kelling Leif , Eßer Julian , Knyszek Daniel , Gessner Viktoria H.
Published: June 2024

Carbanionen sind in der Regel reaktive Intermediate und starke Metallierungsreagenzien, können aber durch die Wahl geeigneter Substituenten entscheidend stabilisiert werden. Dennoch wurden sie bisher kaum als schwach koordinierende Anionen (WCA) in Betracht gezogen. In der vorliegenden Studie haben wir eine Reihe verschieden substituierter Carbanionen auf ihr Potential als WCA zu fungieren mittels Dichtefunktionaltheorie untersucht. Dies führte zur Synthese des luft‐ und wasserstabilen Allylanions 1 mit je zwei Triflyl‐ und 3,5‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl (ArF) Substituenten, welches effizient auch im Gramm‐Maßstab dargestellt werden konnte. Röntgenstrukturanalysen sowie NMR‐Studien bestätigten die schwache Wechselwirkung von 1 mit verschiedenen Kationen, was den Einsatz von 1 in der Stabilisierung reaktiver Gruppe 14 und 15 Kationen ermöglichte. Neben der Kristallisation eines Phospheniumkations wurden die ersten rein auf Kohlenstoff‐Verbindungen basierten Salze mit einem nicht‐aromatischen Anion erhalten, welche sich zur Hydridabstraktion beispielsweise von Silanen eigneten. Insgesamt deutet diese Arbeit auf ein bisher noch wenig ausgenutztes Potential von Carbanionen als WCAs für breitere Anwendungen in der Zukunft hin.
The First Discovery of Spherical Carborane Molecular Ferroelectric Crystals
Authors: Guo Wenjing , Yang Zhao , Shu Longlong , Cai Hu , Wei Zhenhong
Published: June 2024

Carborane compounds, known for their exceptional thermal stability and non‐toxic attributes, have garnered widespread utility in medicine, supramolecular design, coordination/organometallic chemistry, and others. Although there is considerable interest among chemists, the integration of suitable carborane molecules into ferroelectric materials remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we employ the quasi‐spherical design strategy to introduce functional groups at the boron vertices of the o‐carborane cage, aiming to reduce molecular symmetry. This approach led to the successful synthesis of the pioneering ferroelectric crystals composed of cage‐like carboranes: 9‐OH‐o‐carborane (1) and 9‐SH‐o‐carborane (2), which undergo above‐room ferroelectric phase transitions (Tc) at approximately 367 K and 347 K. Interestingly, 1 and 2 represent uniaxial and multiaxial ferroelectrics respectively, with 2 exhibiting six polar axes and as many as twelve equivalent polarization directions. As the pioneering instance of carborane ferroelectric crystals, this study introduces a novel structural archetype for molecular ferroelectrics, thereby providing fresh insights into the exploration of molecular ferroelectric crystals with promising applications.
A novel machine learning framework informed by the fractional calculus dynamic model of hybrid glass/jute woven composite
Authors: Wang Xiaomeng , Petrů Michal
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the influence of glass‐jute fiber hybridization on the dynamic viscoelastic performance of woven natural fiber composites. Experiments elucidated the effects of low‐frequency vibration and glass/jute ratio on the storage modulus and loss factor. Results exhibited nonlinear escalations in storage modulus and loss factor with increasing frequency and glass fiber content. The loss factor also demonstrated nonlinear rises with frequency and jute content. A fractional calculus‐based two‐branch model successfully captured these behaviors by incorporating frequency and hybrid ratio as key variables, showing excellent agreement with measurements. To further improve predictive accuracy, an artificial neural network informed by the fractional calculus dynamic model is implemented by enforcing physical constraints during training. The physics‐informed artificial neural network achieved higher correlation to experiments than unconstrained models, affirming the value of fusing physics knowledge into data‐driven models. This study highlights the promise of physics‐guided machine learning for predicting the intricate dynamics of sustainable natural fiber hybrid composites. The integrated analytical and data‐driven techniques provide a pathway to comprehensively model the mechanical performance of advanced multiphase materials over diverse conditions.
Extreme shock model with change point based on the Poisson process of shocks
Authors: Goyal Dheeraj , Xie Min
Published: June 2024

In this article, we introduce and study an extreme shock model in which the distribution of magnitude of shocks can change due to environmental effects. A new decision parameter is used to model the change point, and the non‐homogeneous Poisson process is employed to model the arrival of shocks. We derive the reliability function and mean time to system failure for the defined model. Furthermore, we propose an optimal age replacement policy. The results are illustrated when the change point follows the Erlang distribution.
Docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and neural tube defects in Tunisian population
Authors: Nasri Kaouther , Ben Jamaa Nadia , Siala Gaigi Soumeya , Feki Moncef , Marrakchi Raja
Published: June 2024

Objective

To determine the effect of maternal status in (plasma and red blood cell) folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and vitamin D, as well as their interaction with MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) and MTRR A66G polymorphisms, on maternal plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels and the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs).

Methods

ARA, EPA, and DHA composition was assessed using capillary gas chromatography.

Results

ARA and DHA levels were higher in controls than in case mothers for low plasma folate status. For low red blood cell folate status, DHA levels were higher in controls than in case mothers. For high homocysteine levels, ARA and DHA levels were higher in controls than in case mothers. NTD mothers had lower EPA and DHA levels for low vitamin B12 levels. NTD mothers had lower DHA levels for low vitamin D levels. For low plasma folate status, DHA levels in the MTHFR C677T gene and ARA and EPA levels in MTHFR A1298C gene were different among the three genotypes in case mothers. DHA levels in the MTHFR C677T gene were different among the three genotypes in case mothers for both low and high homocysteine levels. For low vitamin B12 levels, ARA and DHA levels were different among the three genotypes of the MTHFR C677T gene in case mothers. In the MTHFR C677T gene, ARA and DHA levels were different among the three genotypes in case mothers for low vitamin D levels.

Conclusions

More advanced research is required to verify a suitable biochemical parameter status in relation to the genotypes in pregnant women.
A multicrosslinked network composite hydrogel scaffold based on DLP photocuring printing for nasal cartilage repair
Authors: Jia Wendan , Liu Zixian , Sun Lei , Cao Yanyan , Shen Zhizhong , Li Meng , An Yang , Zhang Hulin , Sang Shengbo
Published: June 2024

Natural hydrogels are widely employed in tissue engineering and have excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. Unfortunately, the utilization of such hydrogels in the field of three‐dimensional (3D) printing nasal cartilage is constrained by their subpar mechanical characteristics. In this study, we provide a multicrosslinked network hybrid ink made of photocurable gelatin, hyaluronic acid, and acrylamide (AM). The ink may be processed into intricate 3D hydrogel structures with good biocompatibility and high stiffness properties using 3D printing technology based on digital light processing (DLP), including intricate shapes resembling noses. By varying the AM content, the mechanical behavior and biocompatibility of the hydrogels can be adjusted. In comparison to the gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA) hydrogel, adding AM considerably enhances the hydrogel's mechanical properties while also enhancing printing quality. Meanwhile, the biocompatibility of the multicrosslinked network hydrogels and the development of cartilage were assessed using neonatal Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat chondrocytes (CChons). Cells sown on the hydrogels considerably multiplied after 7 days of culture and kept up the expression of particular proteins. Together, our findings point to GelMA/HAMA/polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel as a potential material for nasal cartilage restoration. The photocuring multicrosslinked network ink composed of appropriate proportions of GelMA/HAMA/PAM is very suitable for DLP 3D printing and will play an important role in the construction of nasal cartilage, ear cartilage, articular cartilage, and other tissues and organs in the future. Notably, previous studies have not explored the application of 3D‐printed GelMA/HAMA/PAM hydrogels for nasal cartilage regeneration.
Commitment of human mesenchymal stromal cells towards ACL fibroblast differentiation upon rAAV‐mediated FGF‐2 and TGF‐β overexpression using pNaSS‐grafted PCL films
Authors: Stehle Meret , Amini Mahnaz , Venkatesan Jagadeesh K. , Liu Wei , Wang Dan , Nguyen Tuan N. , Leroux Amélie , Madry Henning , Migonney Véronique , Cucchiarini Magali
Published: June 2024

Despite various clinical options, human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) lesions do not fully heal. Biomaterial‐guided gene therapy using recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) vectors may improve the intrinsic mechanisms of ACL repair. Here, we examined whether poly(sodium styrene sulfonate)‐grafted poly(ε‐caprolactone) (pNaSS‐grafted PCL) films can deliver rAAV vectors coding for the reparative basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) in human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) as a source of implantable cells in ACL lesions. Efficient and sustained rAAV‐mediated reporter (red fluorescent protein) and therapeutic (FGF‐2 and TGF‐β) gene overexpression was achieved in the cells for at least 21 days in particular with pNaSS‐grafted PCL films relative to all other conditions (up to 5.2‐fold difference). Expression of FGF‐2 and TGF‐β mediated by rAAV using PCL films increased the levels of cell proliferation, the DNA contents, and the deposition of proteoglycans and of type‐I and ‐III collagen (up to 2.9‐fold difference) over time in the cells with higher levels of transcription factor expression (Mohawk, Scleraxis) (up to 1.9‐fold difference), without activation of inflammatory tumor necrosis alpha especially when using pNaSS‐grafted PCL films compared with the controls. Overall, the effects mediated by TGF‐β were higher than those promoted by FGF‐2, possibly due to higher levels of gene expression achieved upon rAAV gene transfer. This study shows the potential of using functionalized PCL films to apply rAAV vectors for ACL repair.