bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI PENANGANAN BERCAK DAUN CURVULARIA SP. PADA PEMBIBITAN KELAPA SAWIT DI INDONESIA
Authors: Irham Wardatul Husna , Saragih Sri Wahyuna , Febrianto Eka Bobby , Yazid Abu , Haholongan Rahmat , Maulana Andre , Damanik Riski
Published: March 2024

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is one of the plantation crops that produces vegetable oil which has become the main ingredient and leading agricultural commodity in Indonesia. The quality of oil palm seedlings is a disease attack during the seedling stage. The most common disease found in oil palm nurseries is leaf spot disease. The aim of this research is to propose strategies for handling leaf spot in oil palm nurseries in Indonesia. This research is a literature study research. The data used comes from secondary data. Data collection methods use textbooks, journals and periodical. Data analysis is carried out by reading, collecting, citing information, concluding and interpreting the results obtained through relevant study materials. The results obtained that there are several strategies that can be used to treat leaf spot in oil palm nurseries in Indonesia, i.e. by carrying out photon energy irradiation which can increase plant resistance to various types of pathogens, developing organic fertilizer formulations and using biocontrol agent which is expected to help oil palm nurseries in suppressing leaf spot disease, using fungicides to prevent resistance, taking preventive measures to reduce the risk of spot disease on oil palm leaves, carrying out conservation fertilization using S2 (385 mesh), S3 (638 mesh), and S4 (644 mesh) sachets and applying liquid  smoke areca nut in suppressing the growth of Curvularia sp.
Trade Openness and Economic Growth: Evidence from Countries in Asia and the South Pacific
Authors: Lee Cheng-Wen , Rabago Aileen Rachelle A.
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between trade openness and economic growth across selected Asian and South Pacific countries from 2000 to 2021. Key indicators on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate, foreign debt, export values, and inflation are analyzed for insights into economic dynamics. Positive correlations between foreign debt and export values suggest export utilization to alleviate debt. Conversely, negative correlations between inflation and export values underscore challenges during inflationary periods, emphasizing need for effective inflation management. Fixed Effects Model analysis unveils coefficients for independent variables, highlighting their impact on GDP. The study's explanatory power, measured by the R-squared value, underscores the collective influence of these variables on GDP variation. Policy implications stress the importance of export promotion strategies to bolster revenue amidst high foreign debt levels. Effective inflation management is vital to maintain export competitiveness. Prudent debt management emerges as crucial for economic stability. Future research should explore nuanced mechanisms linking trade openness and economic growth, tailored to each country's economic context. This approach can inform targeted policy recommendations, acknowledging diversity among nations. Globally, the study emphasizes interconnectedness among countries and the significance of collaborative efforts to navigate shared challenges and capitalize on mutual opportunities in the global economy.

Keywords: Trade openness, Economic growth, Gross domestic product, Foreign debt, Fixed effects model.
IS A FAMED BIOCHEMICAL REAGENT NAMED FOLIN-CIOCALTEAU OR FOLIN-CIOCALTEU?
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A.
Published: March 2024

IS A FAMED BIOCHEMICAL REAGENT NAMED FOLIN-CIOCALTEAU OR FOLIN-CIOCALTEU?
Estoque e incremento de carbono em lavouras de café com idade de 7 e 16 anos em Minas Gerais
Authors:   , Albuquerque Thaynara Pereira
Published: March 2024

Frente à problemática das mudanças climáticas, há a necessidade de saber o potencial de remoção de dióxido de carbono pelas culturas permanentes, como a da lavoura do café. Contudo, há a falta de ferramentas para estimar o estoque e incremento de carbono desta cultura. O objetivo do trabalho foi ajustar equações para estimar o estoque e o incremento de carbono em lavouras de café com idade de 7 e 16 anos. As coletas foram feitas em Três Pontas, no sul de Minas Gerais. Os pés de café selecionados foram cortados e todos os componentes (tronco, folhas, galhos e frutos), bem como a serapilheira, foram pesados em campo. Amostras do tronco foram retiradas em três alturas diferentes: 0%, 50% e 100%. A coleta de raízes foi realizada por meio de trincheiras. As raízes finas, grossas e pivotantes foram separadas e pesadas em campo. As amostras de todos os componentes foram retiradas, pesadas e colocadas em sacos de papel para a secagem em estufa e posterior determinação do peso seco. O ajuste das equações se deu por meio das informações de biomassa, teor e estoque de carbono, que foram determinadas a partir dos pesos secos e análise de CHNS, respectivamente, para cada componente da planta. Ainda, realizou-se os ajustes para as áreas de 7 (A1) e 16 anos (A2), bem como para ambas áreas juntas (geral). O incremento médio anual de carbono por componente e indivíduo se fez a partir da relação das médias dos estoques totais e a idade (A1 e A2). Ao final deste trabalho, constatou-se que os melhores ajustes para as A1, A2 e Geral foram do modelo de Meyer. Além disso, o estoque de carbono para A1 e A2 foram, respectivamente, 29,99 MgCO2.ha-1 e 40,97 MgCO2.ha-1. Os Incrementos Médios Anuais em dióxido de carbono (IMACO2) foram 3,3 MgCO2.ha.ano-1 e 2,2 MgCO2.ha.ano-1 para A1 e A2, respectivamente e, com uma média de 2,7 MgCO2.ha.ano-1. Com isso, a partir das medições de DAS (Diâmetro a Altura do Solo) e de altura das plantas de café consegue-se estimar o estoque e incremento de carbono nas lavouras de café por meio da equação gerada neste trabalho. Assim, os valores encontrados podem ser utilizados para determinar o balanço de carbono em propriedades cafeeiras, afim de reduzir as emissões de GEE durante o processo de produção do café. Palavras-chave: Remoção de carbono; Resíduos de café; Mitigação de gases de efeito estufa.
Naegleria fowleri in 2023: A rising threat to Pakistan
Authors: Varsha  , Dev Kumar  , Hersha
Published: March 2024

Madam,
Naegleria fowleri, i.e., brain-eating amoeba, is a single-cell, free-living parasite that resides in soil and warm freshwater bodies such as lakes, rivers, and hot springs. It enters the nasal cavity from contaminated water, uses the olfactory nerve to reach the brain, and causes a deadly infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), with a mortality rate higher than 97% even with treatment. (1,2) It causes symptoms similar to those of other bacterial and viral meningitis, such as fever, headache, vomiting, altered level of consciousness and coma, followed by death in the span of a week to 10 days. (1)  There are 20 strains of Naegleria world worldwide, but only N. fowleri is dangerous to humans. (1)
In 2008, the first case was reported from Karachi, Pakistan. (2) By 2019, the number had reached 146, (2) and the cases have been increasing until now. In 2023, eight cases have been reported from May to August, among which seven are from the province of Sindh and one from Punjab. (3, 4, 6) The available data shows that two deaths were due to recreational water activities and others because of contaminated tap water.(3,4) This pathogenic amoeba commonly infects men, and the majority of cases were in people aged 26 to 45 years.(1) Of all the reported cases this year, one was a 32-year-old female, and seven were males in the aged  19-45 years.(3,4, 6) The increasing global warming and higher authorities’ negligence towards WHO recommended chlorination (0.1-10 mg/L) of domestic water supply are contributing factors to the higher burden of Naegleria fowleri cases in Karachi, the largest metropolitan city of Pakistan .(5)
The new lethal strain of N. fowleri, named as Karachi-NF001, has been found in one patient who traveled from Saudi Arabia to Karachi in 2019. (2) These emerging cases concern strict actions against this problem and the need to alert the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) regarding consistent chlorination from April to October. (5) The monsoon season (May to September) is the best time to spread awareness regarding its prevention and update the current status of N. fowleri in our country. The general public should be encouraged to use boiled or sterilised water for ablution and avoid aquatic activities in non-chlorinated water during the summer season. (3) Besides that, all underground and overhead water tanks in homes, hospitals, shopping malls, schools, offices, etc. should be cleaned once a year. (3)
Exploring The Intention of Using Mobile Learning in Flipped Classroom Approach for Arts and Design Students
Authors: Tan Siong Hui , Mitot Kendy , Siew Fong Ooi , Fei Chin Jacqueline Sim
Published: March 2024

The flipped classroom is a pedagogical approach that encourages active learning experience activities in the classroom. The students will receive information and materials before class learning using mobile technology both inside and outside of the classroom to allow for more dynamic, interactive, and advanced learning activities that involve the application of knowledge with higher-order thinking. Studies have shown, students who use the Mobile learning or M-learning platform in a flipped learning method can provide an interactive, engaging, and cost-effective way for graduates to broaden their employability skills. Although research on mobile learning in the flipped classroom approach has been extensive, research on M-learning has been limited. The study's objective is to examine the effectiveness of mobile learning adoption in relation to students' perceptions and responses under the UTAUT2 (unified theory of acceptance and use of technology) model in the undergraduate arts and design students and to review the pilot study model in development for larger-scale future research. Through a quantitative research approach, the pilot study used questionnaires to gather data from 50 undergraduate arts and design in multimedia design programme students of first-year from a local higher education institution. The findings showed that every composite reliability value in this study exceeded the 0.70 threshold value, indicating strong indicator reliability of the factors. Moreover, flipped classrooms increase student involvement, learning motivation, achievements and both at the same time improving educators' knowledge of how to use the flipped learning model in ways that are most advantageous for their own students.
Kepimpinan Distributif Pengetua dan Komuniti Pembelajaran Profesional Guru di Sekolah Menengah Daerah Saratok, Sarawak
Authors: Amin Norafiza , A. Hamid Aida Hanim
Published: March 2024

Kepimpinan distributif ialah struktur pengurusan yang unik kerana menekankan pentingnya hubungan dan kerja berpasukan daripada rangka kerja kepimpinan atasan sehingga kepada ahli-ahli organisasi di bawahnya. Komuniti pembelajaran profesional pula terdiri daripada pasukan pendidik iaitu guru yang berkongsi idea-idea untuk meningkatkan amalan pengajaran mereka dan mewujudkan persekitaran pembelajaran bagi murid mencapai potensi penuh mereka. Kajian ini dilaksanakan di Saratok, Sarawak memandangkan kurangnya kajian lepas berkaitan kedua-dua pemboleh ubah dilaksanakan di luar bandar. Seramai 186 orang guru sekolah menengah terlibat sebagai responden kajian. Antara tujuan kajian dijalankan ialah untuk mengenal pasti tahap kepimpinan distributif pengetua dan tahap komuniti pembelajaran profesional guru sekolah menengah serta untuk mengkaji hubungan antara kedua-duanya. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan dengan menggunakan soal selidik melalui pendekatan kuantitatif secara deskriptif dan inferensi. Data dikumpul dan dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) versi 29.0. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap kepimpinan distributif pengetua adalah sangat tinggi (min=4.453, s.p=0.495), tahap komuniti pembelajaran profesional guru adalah sangat tinggi (min=4.312, s.p=0.445) dan hubungan korelasi yang signifikan pada tahap positif yang sangat kuat antara kedua-dua pemboleh ubah [r (186) = 0.820, p<0.001]. Dengan dapatan kajian ini diharap gaya kepimpinan distributif ini dapat menjadi panduan pengetahuan kepada pengetua atau guru besar dalam memacu kecemerlangan organisasi pendidikan dan mengoptimumkan pelaksanaan komuniti pembelajaran profesional di sekolah bagi melahirkan murid berkualiti sesuai dengan aspirasi negara Malaysia.
Perceptions and Teaching Practice on Musical Imagery Training among Chinese Piano Teachers
Authors: Zou Ying Cheng , Wang Ta I
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the perceptions and teaching experiences of Chinese piano teachers regarding the integration of musical imagery training in piano teaching. Through a qualitative research design and purposive sampling, twelve piano teachers participated semi-structured interviews and class observations. Subsequently, three participants implemented the most musical imagery training strategies were invited in the second round of interviews and observations. Eight strategies related to musical imagery training were identified, categorized into notational audiation, inner ear, and mental rehearsal. The implementation process involved three key steps: thinking, communication, and experience, Notably, a multi-strategy combined approach was favored. The four strategies—breaking down music, listening to recordings, performing with eyes closed, and visualizing successful performances—were frequently applied. However, this study revealed participants’ limited familiarity with musical imagery training, leading to sporadic incorporation into teaching practices. It emphasizes the need to enhance teachers' comprehension of musical imagery for effective integration into piano pedagogy.
Cabaran Guru Menggunakan Bahan Elektronik dalam Proses Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Abd. Rahman Fatin Imanina , Ahmad Anuar
Published: March 2024

Pendidikan Sejarah merupakan sebuah ilmu yang tertua dan telah lama diajarkan di sekolah-sekolah di Malaysia serta merupakan satu daripada dua mata pelajaran wajib lulus di peringkat Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM). Dalam meneliti dan memahami tentang Pendidikan Sejarah, cabaran guru dalam proses pengajaran perlu dititikberatkan bagi memastikan kesempurnaan pembelajaran. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji cabaran guru menggunakan bahan elektronik dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Kaedah kualitatif berbentuk kajian kes dan penggunaan instrumen temu bual separa berstruktur digunakan bagi mengumpul data. Seramai sepuluh orang guru beropsyen Sejarah di daerah Kulim dijadikan peserta kajian, iaitu lima orang guru perempuan dan lima orang guru lelaki. Data temu bual dianalisis untuk mencari tema dan diberi kod. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan guru menghadapi beberapa cabaran antaranya kekangan masa, kekurangan kemahiran, peningkatan beban tugas dan kekurangan kemudahan di dalam kelas. Kajian ini memberi sumbangan dalam menyediakan maklumat empirikal tentang cabaran penggunaan bahan elektronik bukan sahaja dalam kalangan guru beropsyen Sejarah, malah juga kepada guru-guru lain.
The Effect of Neal's model on the Deep Understanding Of The Students Of The Third Intermediate Grade in Chemistry
Authors: Ahmed Laibi Hussein Al-Tamimi  , Israa Naji Kadom
Published: March 2024

The research aimed to find out the impact of Neel's model on the deep understanding of the third intermediate grade students in chemistry, and n Experimental design with partial control (comprised of an experimental group and a control group) was chosen. Thirty-three (33) of them were pupils from the same grade at Al-Riyadh High School for Baghdad Al-Karkh General Directorate of Education / 3 for the collegiate year (2022-2023 AD) The study sample  was rewarded with the following: (intelligence, chronological age in months, previous knowledge, and deep understanding), and the researcher relied on the deep understanding test tool, and its validity and stability we discovered, and the scientific material was chosen and prepared in the form of plans (for both groups) for The research sample was used, and it was statistically analyzed using the software program Statistics. The data were then interpreted by the researcher, who then presented many directives and some ideas.
Turizm madaniyati: tarixiy evolyutsiyasi va rivojlanish bosqichlari
Authors: Sharipova Shaxzoda
Published: March 2024

Ushbu maqolada turizm madaniyatining genezisi, tarixiy evolyutsiyasi, rivojlanish bosqichlari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, turizm madaniyatiga ta’sir etuvchi geografik, ijtimoiy, madaniy, iqtisodiy va siyosiy omillar ko‘rsatib berilgan. Beshta tarixiy davrning  muhim jihatlari, xususiyatlari aniqlangan. Jahonda turizm madaniyatining tarixiy etaplari qiyosiy tahlil qilingan. Turizm madaniyatining rivojlanishi evolyutsiyasi tarixiy va xronologik aspektda ochib berilgan.
Бошқарув қарорларини қабул қилиш учун таклифлар ишлаб чиқишда форсайт таҳлилини қўллашнинг ўзига хослиги
Authors: Раҳимов Сарварбек , Мирзахмедова Дилафруз
Published: March 2024

Мақолада форсайт таҳлилининг бошқарув қарорларини қабул қилишдаги аҳамияти, уни қўллаш алгоритмлари, қўллаш жараёнлари бўйича тушунтиришлар бериш билан бир қаторда, бошқарув қарорларини қабул қилиш учун таклифлар тайёрлаш билан шуғулланувчи шахслар томонидан қўлланилаётган таҳлил усулларининг камчиликлари, прогнозларни ишлаб чиқишнинг мақбул йўллари, бу борадаги халқаро тажриба ва уларнинг эришган ютуқлари тўғрисида илмий аҳамиятга эга бўлган маълумотлар берилган.
New International Commercial Arbitration Law Of Uzbekistan: A Practitioner’s Perspective
Authors: Снайдер Томас
Published: March 2024

As an international arbitration practitioner, one of the initial inquiries we make when discussing the choice of arbitration seat with clients is whether the prospective jurisdiction has adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law. This question holds significant importance. We are only about 45 minutes into this conference, and we have heard extensive discussion of the Model Law already, and I think that is for a good reason. The Model Law really does reflect the state of the art in international arbitration practice as Christina Pak alluded to earlier. When a country adopts a version of the UNCITRAL Model Law as its own national arbitration law, it sends an immediate signal to investors and members of the business community that the law is a good and reliable law, i.e., the type of law that one needs to help to develop that jurisdiction as a strong seat of arbitration and facilitate the attraction of foreign investment and trade. In the instance of Uzbekistan, when practitioners in Uzbekistan and in the region and internationally ask whether the country has an arbitration law based on the UNCITRAL Model Law, of course, the answer to that question now is “yes”.
Правовые основы и этапы создания международного коммерческого арбитража в Узбекистане
Authors: Отахонов Фозилжон
Published: March 2024

В современном мире, в условиях быстро развивающейся глобализации экономики, развития межхозяйственных, межгосударственных связей и унификации законодательства на региональном и международном уровнях, международный коммерческий арбитраж как альтернативная внесудебная форма разрешения коммерческих споров приобретает все большее значение, являясь одним из основных элементов рыночных отношений, как на национальном, так и на международном уровнях
International arbitration in switzerland: recent developments
Authors: Ким Ольга
Published: March 2024

Today, I am delighted to share my observations and insights on these changes with you.
The 2021 has been a turning point for the Swiss arbitration community because of two major developments: the revised Swiss arbitration law entered into force in January 2021 and the revised Swiss Rules of arbitration entered into force in June 2021
Роль и значение арбитражной оговорки во внешнеэкономических сделках
Authors: Имамова Дилфуза
Published: March 2024

На сегодняшнии день арбитражная оговорка, связанная с определением порядка рассмотрения споров уполномоченным органом, играет важную роль во внешнеэкономических сделках. В свою очередь, в процессе заключения внешнеэкономических сделок стороны не всегда могут предвидеть все возможные ситуации и соответственно отразить все условия в контракте или не согласовать некоторые из них, а именно арбитражную оговорку и применимое право
Experience of foreign countries in the regulation and resolution of international labor disputes
Authors: Ишметова Шахида
Published: March 2024

In the article, the author examines the issues of legal regulation and resolution of labor disputes, including those of an international nature, and arising within the framework of the international division of labor. The author analyzes foreign experience and mechanisms for resolving labor disputes and draws conclusions about the possible implementation of foreign experience
Юридическая природа международного коммерческого арбитража: международный и национальный аспекты
Authors: Бурханова Лейла
Published: March 2024

В статье на основе положений Закона Республики Узбекистан «О международном коммерческом арбитраже» рассмотрена юридическая природа Международного коммерческого арбитража, определены предпосылки создания Международного коммерческого арбитража в Республике Узбекистан. Определены какие споры могут передаваться на рассмотрение в Международный коммерческий арбитраж, а также условия, при наличии которых арбитраж имеет статус международного. Проанализированы нормы Нью-йоркской конвенции «О признании и приведении в исполнение иностранных арбитражных решений» 1958 года, Европейской конвенции «О международном коммерческом арбитраже» 1961 года. Названы особенности международного коммерческого арбитража как одного из востребованных способов разрешения международных коммерческих споров
Phenomenology & Ethnography: Examining Hospital Cultures and the Lived Experiences of Patients Interacting with Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Gates-Mayweathers Dr. Denise
Published: March 2024

This exploratory ethnographic and phenomenological study examined hospital cultures, primarily emergency rooms, and the lived experiences of patients interacting with healthcare professionals in the United States. The salient themes that emerged from the thematic analysis of the narratives shared by a woman living with asthma in conjunction with the lived experiences articulated by five other patients coming to emergency rooms for stomach pain/pregnancy, arthritis/joint pain, leg injury, depression, etc., were: 1) Long wait times, 2) Poor and Unprofessional Attitude, 3) Neglect, 4) Feeling Rushed, 5) Having to Ask for Care, 6) Discrimination, and 7) Support from Hospital Patient Advocates and Other Patients. While the patients in this study endured marginalization and microaggressions, those challenges often were overcome with assistance from hospital patient advocates as well as other patients. Ultimately, patients in this study empowered themselves to achieve their healthcare goals.
Empowered to Serve: Resilience and Impact in Changing Times
Authors: Michael Rev. Adane Woldemariam , Nyandiwa Rev. Chrispine Ouma
Published: March 2024

The text provides an overview of the challenges and opportunities associated with ecumenism and interfaith dialogue, particularly within the context of university/college chaplaincy. The detailed exploration provides a thorough understanding of the complex dynamics involved in ecumenism and interfaith dialogue within the university/college chaplaincy setting. It highlights the importance of promoting inclusivity, fostering understanding, and navigating challenges to create a more harmonious and accepting spiritual environment. There are two forms of dialogue: ad intra (Ecumenism) which focuses on unity and collaboration within Christianity. The other one is ad extrea (interfaith dialogue), which addresses interactions between different faith traditions. Religion is depicted as a potent force, capable of influencing individuals to extreme actions. Chaplaincies play a crucial role in navigating faith issues. Ecumenism and interfaith dialogue within chaplaincy present both opportunities and challenges. By addressing doctrinal differences, respecting religious freedom, and acknowledging diverse needs, chaplains can contribute to inclusive spiritual care and foster collaborative communities. The success of chaplaincy in a multi-faith context relies on effective training, ongoing education, and institutional support, ensuring that chaplains are equipped to navigate the complexities of diverse religious landscapes.
Institutionalization of Quality Management Practices (QMPs): A Case Study of a Sri Lankan Entity
Authors: Perera Mudali Arachchige Chandi Nisansala
Published: March 2024

The main purpose of this study was to explore how can Quality Management Practices (QMPs) be institutionalized as a successful strategic performance improvement initiative in a manufacturing organization located in Sri Lanka. Institutional Theory was incorporated as a theoretical lens to make sense of institutionalization process of the organization. Institutionalization Framework of Tolbert and Zucker (1996) which takes into the account the pre-institutionalization, semi-institutionalization and full institutionalization stages of QMPs implementation within the case organization. The study adopted the single-site case study method under the qualitative methodology. Data has been mainly collected through interviews and documentary review. The findings of this study illustrated that implementation of QMPs in the case organization is successful, because quality management has become an institutionalized practice within the case organization. It was further evident that, institutionalization of QMPs is complete when they are both accepted and taken-for-granted as part of the way people feel and think and the way they usually do things. As a result of institutionalization, QMPs are coherently fitted with the main organizational strategy and they have become an integrated QMPs for the entire organization, without remained as isolated quality practices which are narrowly termed as quality tools and techniques.
The Inconsistency of EU Policy Towards Situations of Occupation/Annexation: The Case of Trade Relations Involving Products from Israeli Settlements and Occupied Western Sahara
Authors: Hadj Cherif Hamza
Published: March 2024

This article aims to examine the practice and policy of the European Union regarding trade relations concerning products from occupied territories (Western Sahara and Israeli settlements) in the light of the principles of international law and the norms of Community law.
Access to Land, Building Materials & Finance for Rental Housing Production in Dodoma Capital City, Tanzania
Authors: Budogo Baraka Ntibashigwa , Magina Fredrick Bwire
Published: March 2024

This paper presents study findings concerning rental housing delivery systems in accommodating low-income urban residents in Tanzania. Generally, the study intended to establish operational and workable policy options for promoting affordable rental houses to narrow the urban housing shortage gap that has been increasing over time. The study involved 100 property developers, eighteen (18) key informants, six (6) brokers, and fifteen (15) tenants who were purposely selected for the study. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through interviews with property developers, and focus group discussions with key informants and local leaders. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 was employed in inferential and descriptive analysis. In line with this, a Chi-square technique was employed for describing the association between the variables while descriptive analysis was employed to describe the distribution of scores among the variables. The study has shown that 68% of property developers obtain land through an informal land market while the rest 32% obtain it from a formal market. Moreover, property developers have reported that savings are the dominant source of rental housing finance mechanisms in the study area which accounts for 65% of the housing finance mechanisms. Other sources are remittances (16%), pensions (8%), loans (7%), and borrowing from relatives (4%). The study has revealed that the Pearson chi-square value and significance value, confirm that, there is a significant association between affordability and the category of land market (= 65.696, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the study has evidenced that individual property developers are dominating the rental housing market in the absence of policies, regulations, standards, and plans that could take into consideration the access to rental housing for low-income urban residents. The study recommends to the central and local government that there should be an urgent strategy to establish an enabling housing policy to promote affordable rental housing as an option for low-income urban residents in Tanzania.
Factors Affecting the Reading Comprehension Skills of Grade 3 Learners
Authors: Manguilimotan Ramil P , Zabala Jocelyn T , Encog Chyke A , Padillo Gengen G , Capuno Reylan G
Published: March 2024

This research determined the factors affecting the reading comprehension skills of Grade 3 learners at the identified public elementary schools in Talisay City Division Cebu for the school year 2022-2023. This employed a descriptive-correlational design to determine the factors that affect the reading comprehension difficulties of the Grade 3 learners.  A total of 148 Grade 3 learners were the respondents that were selected using convenience sampling. Gathered data were statistically treated using frequency and percentage, weighted mean, and chi-square. Results have shown that reading comprehension is affected by interest and motivation, prior knowledge, and vocabulary knowledge. In addition, the level of reading comprehension skills of the respondents were instructional readers. Furthermore, results showed that there is no relationship between the identified factors and the reading comprehension skills of the respondents.  It is concluded that the factors affecting the learners' reading comprehension skills are interest and motivation, prior knowledge, and vocabulary knowledge at the descriptive rating of affected. Hence, it is recommended that the enhanced reading comprehension enhancement plans be implemented.
The Role of E-Government in the Promotion of Municipal Service Delivery in South Africa
Authors: Mohale C
Published: March 2024

The advent of the fourth industrial revolution necessitates that government institutions move away from the traditional paper-based system to an electronic system. Many countries in Africa, including South Africa, have adopted the e-government system as one of the main delivery channels for municipal services and information to society (Mafunisa Consulting, 2021). However, despite the government's ability to establish a new public service model where all government agencies provide their constituents with modern, streamlined, and seamless services (Norris and Moon, 2005). Municipalities in South Africa are regarded as entities that provide direct services to the citizens, however are not financially self-sufficient and often lack the necessary infrastructure such as ICT infrastructure to carry out their duties to deliver e-services to the society at large (Development Bank of South Africa, 2023). Many people in rural areas are affected by the lack of ICT infrastructures and basic digital literacy to enable the participation and accessibility of digital services. Therefore, for the society to participate in e-government, it should be proficient with ICT skills, assisted by the availability of ICT infrastructure within their area. As a result, these people are left out of the participation of e-government services due to the complexities associated with the lack of ICT infrastructure. Because the ICT infrastructure is the backbone and a critical component for implementing the e-government system to ensure digital public administration. Therefore, the study examines the role of e-government in the promotion of municipal service delivery within the South African public sector environment. The main objective of the study is to establish the best electronic government mechanisms that will help the South African government in delivering sustainable services. The study adopted a qualitative research methodology with specific reference to a conceptual approach based extensively on secondary data.
Análisis prospectivo del período de prueba para estimulación medular en el tratamiento del dolor crónico
Authors: Chincholkar Mahindra , Eldabe Sam , Strachan Roger , Brookes Morag , Garner Fay , Chadwick Raymond , Gulve Ashish , Ness Jill
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Determinar las preferencias del paciente con respecto a la duración del período de prueba.Materiales y métodos: Cuarenta pacientes fueron sometidos a un ensayo de estimulación medular. Se los interrogó a diario sobre si les gustaría acceder a un implante permanente. Tres respuestas afirmativas consecutivas implicaron un resultado exitoso, tres respuestas negativas, un resultado poco exitoso. Los pacientes puntuaron diariamente el dolor de la cirugía, el dolor original, la satisfacción con el estimulador y la duración del uso del estimulador.Resultados: La duración de la prueba varió de 3 a 15 días. A los pacientes en los que la prueba no resultó exitosa les tomó más tiempo decidir y también experimentaron un dolor quirúrgico prolongado. La mayoría de los pacientes con un resultado exitoso experimentaron una reducción del dolor de más del 50%. La tasa de infección fue de un 7.5%, la cual se ha reducido al 2.8% luego de cambiar el protocolo de vendaje.Conclusiones: En este estudio, todos los pacientes podían tomar una decisión en 15 días, en las pruebas exitosas requirieron una duración más corta. La tasa de conversión fue similar a las tasas que muestra la literatura, a pesar de que los pacientes tomaron la decisión sin influencia del médico.
Caracterización del dolor en pacientes con Enfermedad de Parkinson
Authors: De Sales Coriolano Maria das Graças Wanderley , De Siqueira Balbino Jenyffer Monnyk , Ventura da Silva Belvânia Ramos , Dantas Cabral Etenildo , Guescel Asano Amdore , Gomes Lins Otávio , Jorge Asano Nadja Maria
Published: March 2024

Fundamentos del método y objetivos: El dolor en la enfermedad de Parkinson es un síntoma muy frecuente, pudiendo incluso preceder al diagnóstico de esta condición. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el dolor de un grupo de pacientes con esta enfermedad en un servicio especializado.Métodos: Se trata de un estudio observacional sobre el dolor en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson en el Hospital de Clínicas de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco. La muestra obtenida entre julio y agosto del 2011, fue compuesta por 24 sujetos, siendo 17 de ellos varones y 7 mujeres, con edades entre 42 a 50 (media=64,3) años y de 48 a 66 (media=58,7) años, respectivamente. Se utilizó la sesión III de la Escala Unificada de Evaluación de la Enfermedad de Parkinson, la clasificación según el estadio de esta enfermedad de Hoehn e Yahr (HY), el cuestionario de dolor de McGill y el Mini-Mental test.Resultados: La región específica del cuerpo con dolor más frecuente fue el Raquis Lumbar (50%). Las regiones características con mayor porcentaje de síntomas fueron: el tronco: (66,7%) y los miembros (37,5%- superiores; 37,5% - inferiores). La mayoría de los pacientes refirió dolor en sólo una región del cuerpo(37,5%), aunque de localización variable. No hubo diferencia significativa en el puntaje del cuestionario de McGill. Los pacientes afectados por cuadro rígido akinético presentaron un dolor corporal más extenso, respecto de otras formas clínicas de la enfermedad. La comparación entre las puntuaciones de los índices de McGill, según el síntoma predominante y según el estadio d la enfermedad (HY) no presentó diferencia significativa.Conclusión. En el presente estudio, todos los pacientes con Enfermedad de Parkinson se quejaron de dolor. Pese a que el dolor representa uno de los síntomas no motores más frecuentes, muchos aspectos del dolor relacionados con la enfermedad de Parkinson necesitan ser investigados, por ejemplo, cual sería la mejor categorización del dolor y que metodología podría distinguir mejor los diferentes mecanismos de sus diferentes clases de manifestación.
Security in Machine Learning (ML) Workflows
Authors: Chittibala Dinesh Reddy , Jabbireddy Srujan Reddy
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This paper addresses the comprehensive security challenges inherent in the lifecycle of machine learning (ML) systems, including data collection, processing, model training, evaluation, and deployment. The imperative for robust security mechanisms within ML workflows has become increasingly paramount in the rapidly advancing field of ML, as these challenges encompass data privacy breaches, unauthorized access, model theft, adversarial attacks, and vulnerabilities within the computational infrastructure.

Methodology: To counteract these threats, we propose a holistic suite of strategies designed to enhance the security of ML workflows. These strategies include advanced data protection techniques like anonymization and encryption, model security enhancements through adversarial training and hardening, and the fortification of infrastructure security via secure computing environments and continuous monitoring.

Findings: The multifaceted nature of security challenges in ML workflows poses significant risks to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of ML systems, potentially leading to severe consequences such as financial loss, erosion of trust, and misuse of sensitive information.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Additionally, this paper advocates for the integration of legal and ethical considerations into a proactive and layered security approach, aiming to mitigate the risks associated with ML workflows effectively. By implementing these comprehensive security measures, stakeholders can significantly reinforce the trustworthiness and efficacy of ML applications across sensitive and critical sectors, ensuring their resilience against an evolving landscape of threats.
Enhance Kenya University Undergraduate Employability Through Team Sports Participation: University Students Athletes
Authors: Gathoni Benson , Wanjira Janet , Mucheke Charles
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Employability is a major issue worldwide, and Kenya is increasingly looking to universities to develop employable undergraduate students. A low undergraduate unemployment rate is considered as a sign of a thriving economy, while a high unemployment rate is seen as a waste of national resources. The aim of this study was to examine how undergraduate participating in team sports in Kenya university can enhance employ ability

Methodology: The study used a desktop approach where literature was sought from different sources. The research was carried out with consideration given to previous theoretical literature, both published and unpublished.  

Findings: Most employers look for specific skills and attributes in job prospects in addition to academic requirements. These attributes, known as employability skills, aren't job-specific, yet they can   boost undergraduate student athletes’ employability since they increase productivity and value at work also have an impact on ability to grow career wise.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Team sports has the potential to provide marginalized and underprivileged undergraduate athletes with adequate abilities, skills, and pathways to job or social enterprise-based possibilities. Participation in team sports can bring young people together in the pursuit of universal peace and a desire to improve themselves. Hence, university management should have good organization, facilitation, and oversight should be provided by university sports management.
Bias Correction of IMERG Data in the Mountainous Areas of Sumatra Based on A Single Gauge Observation
Authors: Ramadhan Ravidho , Marzuki Marzuki , Suryanto Wiwit , Sholihun Sholihun , Yusnaini Helmi , Hashiguchi Hiroyuki , Shimomai Toyoshi
Published: March 2024

The performance of surface precipitation data from satellite precipitation products (SPPs) in mountainous areas has greater error and bias than in plain areas. In this study, linear scaling (LS), local intensity (LOCI), power transformation (PT), and cumulative distribution function (CDF) methods are used to correct the bias of Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) data in the mountainous region of Sumatra based on long-term and high-resolution optical rain gauge (ORG) observations. The ORG is installed at Equatorial Atmospheric Observatory (EAO) in Kototabang, West Sumatra, Indonesia (100.32 °E, 0.20 °S, 865 m above sea level (ASL) with an observation period from 2002 to 2016. The impact of the bias correction method is tested based on accuracy and capability detection tests. The bias correction method is more effective at the daily resolution than the hourly resolution of the IMERG data in the mountainous region of Sumatra. The LS method exhibited the best improvement in accuracy with reduced root-mean-square error (RMSE) and relative bias (RB), although there was no significant increase in coefficient correlation (CC) values. However, the accuracy improvement was not observed in the bias correction for hourly data. The lack of improvement in the accuracy of the hourly IMERG data is due to the high local variability of rainfall in the mountainous area of Sumatra. The high data variability causes large differences in the mean and variance of the IMERG calibration and evaluation data periods. On the other hand, the LOCI, PT, and CDF methods were successfully improved the rain detection capability of IMERG, as indicated by the better critical succession index (CSI) values compared to the original hourly and daily IMERG data. It increased the CSI value by reducing false alarms for rain with intensity below 2 mm/h. Furthermore, the CDF method can improve the analysis of extreme rainfall in the mountainous region of Sumatra by improving the estimation of the extreme rainfall index. Therefore, these methods can be applied to improve the accuracy and detectability of IMERG data in the mountainous region of Sumatra. However, the scale factor and transfer function constructed in this study need to be further evaluated on other rain gauge observation data in Sumatra’s mountainous region to improve performance.
HIGHLIGHTS

The LS method shows the best improvement in the accuracy of IMERG data in the mountainous area of Sumatera compared to the LOCI, PT, and CDF methods, as indicated by the largest decrease in RMSE and RB values
CSI values prove that LOCI, PT, and CDF methods successfully improve the detection capability of IMERG hourly and daily data in the mountainous region of Sumatra
The CDF method shows the best quality in improving extreme rainfall observations in the mountainous region of Sumatra

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Perpesi Tentang Penggunaan Antigout Konvensional-Fitoterapi Terhadap Efektivitas Terapi Pasien Gout Arthritis di Puskesmas Kedungwuni I
Authors: Windy Prastika Sisca , Ningrum Wulan Agustin , Muthoharoh Ainun , Rahmatullah St.
Published: March 2024

Based on data from the Pekalongan District Health Office in 2022 the highest gout arthritis occurs in the Kedungwuni area. Gout arthritis patients at Kedungwuni I Public Health Center use conventional antigout-phytotherapy to treat gout arthritis. One of the factors that influence a person in solving health problems is perception. Good perception results in good therapeutic effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between perceptions about the use of conventional antigout-phytotherapy on the effectiveness of therapy for gout arthritis patients at the Kedungwuni I Public Health Center. This type of research was non-experimental with an observational method. This study uses a prospective design. Sampling of 36 respondents using total sampling with purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire, consisting of statements of perceptions about the use of conventional antigout-phytotherapy. The data obtained was carried out by univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The results of the univariate analysis showed that the majority of respondents were female (80.6%); aged 45-59 years (55.6%); work as a housewife (44.4%); graduated from elementary school (58.3%); suffer from gout arthritis for a long time (52.8%); type of conventional drug used Allopurinol (100%); The most widely used phytotherapy was soursop leaf decoction (33.3%). Most of the respondents have a good perception (52.8%); and the effectiveness of therapy is good as seen from controlled uric acid levels (66.7%). The results of bivariate analysis using the Chi Square test obtained a significance value of 0.002 (p <0.05), which means that there is a relationship between perceptions about the use of conventional antigout-phytotherapy to the effectiveness of therapy
Determinan yang Mempengaruhi Kesediaan Vaksinasi Covid-19 pada Ibu Menyusui
Authors: Fitraniar Iin , Agustiara Sri , Anita Anita , Nurbaiti Nurbaiti , Ramli Nurlaili
Published: March 2024

Pencegahan Covid-19 telah memasuki tahapan baru dengan tersedianya vaksin Covid-19 yang telah melalui beberapa fase uji klinis dan dapat diproduksi secara massal. Vaksin digunakan untuk mencegah penyakit menular. Di Indonesia, total kasus Covid-19 hingga tanggal 10 Februari 2022 mencapai 4,66 juta kasus dengan jumlah kematian sebanyak 144.858 kasus. Data puskesmas Ingin Jaya Kabupaten Aceh Besar diperoleh 437 orang positif covid. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk diketahuinya pengaruh antara pengetahuan ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, umur ibu, pekerjaan ibu dan pengaruh dukungan keluarga ibu dengan kesediaan vaksinasi Covid-19 pada ibu menyusui di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ingin Jaya Kecamatan Ingin Jaya Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Adapun sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 65 orang, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan kesediaan vaksinasi pada ibu menyusui (p-value=0,044 Sig=0,048), ada hubungan pendidikan dengan dengan kesediaan vaksinasi pada ibu menyusui (p-value=0,049 Sig=0,037), tidak ada hubungan umur dengan dengan kesediaan vaksinasi pada ibu menyusui (p-value=0,606), tidak ada hubungan pekerjaan dengan dengan kesediaan vaksinasi pada ibu menyusui (p-value=0,658), ada hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan dengan kesediaan vaksinasi pada ibu menyusui (p-value=0,000 Sig=0,001). Hasil penemuan penelitian ini menyatakan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan, pendidikan, dan dukungan keluarga dengan kesediaan vaksinasi pada ibu menyusui di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ingin Jaya.
Potensi Analgesik Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Dan Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix D.C.) Dan Pengamatan Makroskopis Lambung Tikus
Authors: Hesturini Rosa Juwita , Basuki Dewy Resty , Hardini Pri
Published: March 2024

Kulit jeruk purut dan daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix D.C) memiliki beberapa kandungan senyawa kimia seperti tanin, saponin, alkaloid, terpenoid, triterpenoid lupeol serta flavonoid. Senyawa-senyawa ini diketahui memiliki aktivitas farmakologis secara luas karena bioaktivitasnya seperti analgesik, antiinflamasi dan antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas analgetik pada ekstrak etanol kulit dan daun jeruk purut yang tidak menimbulkan iritasi pada lambung tikus secara makroskopis atau aman terhadap lambung. Uji aktivitas analgesik writhing test dengan induksi asam asetat 0,7% dilakukan pada 8 kelompok hewan uji yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif CMC-Na 0,5%, kelompok kontrol positif asetosal 500 mg, kelompok 3, 4 dan 5 perlakuan ekstrak daun jeruk purut dosis 100, 200 dan 300 mg/kgBB, dan kelompok 6, 7 dan 8 perlakuan ekstrak kulit jeruk purut dosis 300, 400, 500 mg/kgBB. Uji keamanan lambung dilakukan setelah perlakuan selama 7 hari secara pengamatan makroskopis. Hasil dan kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit dosis 400 mg/kgBB dan daun jeruk purut 300 mg/kgBB memiliki aktivitas sebagai analgesik sebanding dengan asetosal (p>0,05) dengan gambaran makroskopik lambung tidak ditemukan iritasi dan normal dengan total skoring 2