bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programa academia da saúde: operacionalidade, ações e integração
Authors: Gonçalves Laís Barreto de Brito , Almeida Rachel Cardoso de , Oliveira Tainá Maranhão de , Palácio Maria Augusta Vasconcelos , Pinto Antonio Germane Alves
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de usuários, gestores e trabalhadores da saúde sobre a operacionalidade, as ações desenvolvidas nos polos da Academia da Saúde e a sua integração com os demais pontos da Rede de Atenção à Saúde (RAS). Métodos: Estudo qualitativo desenvolvido em três municípios localizados na Macrorregião do Cariri, estado do Ceará, Brasil. Realizaram-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os participantes do estudo: 15 usuários, três trabalhadores da saúde e três gestores envolvidos na execução, monitoramento e supervisão das atividades dos polos, entre outubro de 2016 e janeiro de 2017. A análise dos dados foi pautada na proposição metodológica e analítica fundamentada na hermenêutica crítica. Resultados: O Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS) tem demonstrado influências positivas na prática de atividade física da população usuária e, consequentemente, melhorias na condição de saúde e na qualidade de vida. Os resultados encontrados revelam a dinâmica de funcionamento e organização das atividades, destacando: as facilidades e dificuldades quanto a sua operacionalidade; as ações frequentemente desenvolvidas; os avanços observados em relação à promoção da saúde e à qualidade de vida; e a integralidade no PAS. Conclusão: Os usuários, os trabalhadores de saúde e os gestores compartilham a mesma percepção em relação à melhoria nas condições de saúde da população atendida nos polos da Academia da Saúde, e, no que se refere ao funcionamento, tem sido considerado bom, apesar de dificuldades relacionadas aos aspectos estruturais, de materiais e insumos dos polos em cada contexto estudado.
Ensemble forecasts of air quality in eastern China – Part 2: Evaluation of the MarcoPolo–Panda prediction system, version 1
Authors: Petersen Anna Katinka , Brasseur Guy P. , Bouarar Idir , Flemming Johannes , Gauss Michael , Jiang Fei , Kouznetsov Rostislav , Kranenburg Richard , Mijling Bas , Peuch Vincent-Henri , Pommier Matthieu , Segers Arjo , Sofiev Mikhail , Timmermans Renske , van der A Ronald , Walters Stacy , Xie Ying , Xu Jianming , Zhou Guangqiang
Published: April 2019

Abstract. An operational multimodel forecasting system for air quality has been developed to
provide air quality services for urban areas of China. The initial forecasting system
included seven state-of-the-art computational models developed and executed in Europe and
China (CHIMERE, IFS, EMEP MSC-W, WRF-Chem-MPIM, WRF-Chem-SMS, LOTOS-EUROS, and
SILAMtest). Several other models joined the prediction system recently, but are not
considered in the present analysis. In addition to the individual models, a simple
multimodel ensemble was constructed by deriving statistical quantities such as the median
and the mean of the predicted concentrations. The prediction system provides daily forecasts and observational data of
surface ozone, nitrogen dioxides, and particulate matter for the 37 largest
urban agglomerations in China (population higher than 3 million in 2010).
These individual forecasts as well as the multimodel ensemble predictions for
the next 72 h are displayed as hourly outputs on a publicly accessible web
site (http://www.marcopolo-panda.eu, last access: 27 March 2019). In this paper, the performance of the prediction system (individual models and the
multimodel ensemble) for the first operational year (April 2016 until June 2017) has been
analyzed through statistical indicators using the surface observational data reported at
Chinese national monitoring stations. This evaluation aims to investigate (a) the
seasonal behavior, (b) the geographical distribution, and (c) diurnal variations of the
ensemble and model skills. Statistical indicators show that the ensemble product usually
provides the best performance compared to the individual model forecasts. The ensemble
product is robust even if occasionally some individual model results are missing. Overall, and in spite of some discrepancies, the air quality forecasting system is well
suited for the prediction of air pollution events and has the ability to provide warning
alerts (binary prediction) of air pollution events if bias corrections are applied to
improve the ozone predictions.
The “Simple” Way to Climb a Racial Mountain
Authors: Harper Donna Akiba Sullivan
Published: April 2019

This essay examines Langston Hughes's vision and cultural politics via his fictional character Jesse B. Semple. Known as the Simple stories, Hughes's sketches were collected in five volumes published during his lifetime, including Simple Speaks His Mind (1950), Simple Takes a Wife (1953), Simple Stakes a Claim (1957), The Best of Simple (1961), and Simple's Uncle Sam (1965). A sixth volume, titled The Return of Simple, was published in 1994. The author examines the stories in relation to his 1926 essay “The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain,” and argues that Simple's musings were largely representative of black working-class ethos in the twentieth century. At the same time, the author situates Hughes's stories in the broader context of African diasporic literary and cultural history.
Chinese MBA Students’ Perceptions of Business English Writing: Needs Analysis and Student Self-Reflections
Authors: Wang Weiqiang , Shen Lu
Published: April 2019

Despite the steady growth in the recruitment and education of MBA students in China, there is a dearth of research on MBA students’ perceptions of Business English Writing (BEW) in this context. This paper conducts a qualitative inquiry into Chinese MBA students’ perceptions of BEW in English as a foreign language context in China. Forty-four MBA students of a ten-week BEW course participated in this study. An open-ended questionnaire was used near the end of the course to elicit their work-related writing needs, self-reflections on BEW abilities, and perceptions of the BEW course. A focus group was conducted with six students to provide insights into the students’ work-related writing experience. The results showed that the students’ work-related writing needs differed in terms of their respective job positions, with those working in foreign-funded enterprises or joint ventures having more job-related demands to write in English than those working at state-owned enterprises. Moreover, the students generally regarded their BEW abilities as moderately good or low, with distinct expectations of the BEW course raised. Pedagogic implications were drawn for improving BEW course in the Chinese context.
Using Digital Tools to Assess and Improve College Student Writing
Authors: Law Sweety
Published: April 2019

Employers have continually indicated that writing instruction is much needed in higher education across all majors. It has become more imperative now than before to better prepare our graduates for professional success in an age of increasing writing necessity, data analytics and reporting, and technical sophistication. Writing assessment in a class setting has learning goals and needs to be differentiated from a mass testing evaluation context. When learning to write well, especially relating to subject-specific content, feedback is necessary. Performing analysis and evaluation, then providing explanation and recommendations takes time. Newer digital tools can provide formative feedback; and therefore transparency about grading as well. Among teaching tasks, grading assignments consumes the majority of online faculty time. This study identifies what type of online grading could take up the majority of faculty time and specifies estimates of time needed for such grading. Faculty workload is high in adopting an optimal combined formative and summative assessment model. Results of the study might help develop more sound policies of academic support. Faculty might use the study’s information for better curricula planning and improved utilization of student assistants.
The Spatial Deployment of Renewable Energy Based on China’s Coal-heavy Generation Mix and Inter-regional Transmission Grid
Authors: Yi Bo-Wen , Eichhammer Wolfgang , Pfluger Benjamin , Fan Ying , Xu Jin-Hua
Published: April 2019

China has set a goal of 20% non-fossil energy in total primary energy consumption by 2030. The decision of where to invest in renewable energy, and to what extent, needs to be considered from a forward-looking perspective. This article presents a power sector optimization model that integrates unit commitment with long-term generation expansion planning framework. Power dispatches at an hourly level are combined with yearly investment decisions. Based on the model, this article analyzes the optimal spatial deployment of renewable energy. The results show that regional differences in non-hydro renewable energy are significant. Approximately 75% should be deployed in the north of China. With the increase of combined heat and power, more renewable energy facilities, especially solar photovoltaic, should be located in the south of China. Inter-regional power transmission is beneficial to onshore wind in resource-rich areas, and could mitigate the conflict between coal-heavy generation mix and renewable energy.
CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBALIZATION: MENTAL STRESS IN MANAGEMENT
Authors: DROZEN Frantisek , BRABECK Rudolf
Published: April 2019

Due to mass consolidation and permanent restructuring of process flows in a global context, people are increasingly falling into routine and predetermined life patterns. In management and leadership the feeling of fear often appears alongside stress and anxiety. In this context, the paper highlights fear and stress prevention strategies to be used in work environment.
TRAINING METHODS IN PUBLIC SECTOR CASE OF ASIA
Authors: VAEZI Seyed Kamal
Published: April 2019

Training is an effort to increase the knowledge, skills, and abilities of employees and managers so they can better do their jobs. The principles of learning must be considered in all training activities for officials. In a good training program the main objective is the change in the behaviour of staff in order to achieve performance improvement. But the main question is what kind of changes are needed? A possible answer would be changes that support a capacity of building a framework for innovation and entrepreneurship abilities of officials in the administration system and public administration. This research is an attempt to discuss the question and provide an answer. By using a research literature review and an expert analysis approach, needs definitions, and utilization of national needs of the public sector, the findings were categorized into functions and recommendations. Also the paper deals with the success of the South Korean pioneer training system (NHI) which is an important and top priority center for Korean government, so the paper deals with the strategies and objectives of NHI.
(Re)posicionar para representar: uma análise comparativa da tragetória da Skol
Authors: Ferreira Thayane Teixeira , Souza Santos Gustavo
Published: April 2019

A publicidade é, historicamente, um meio que ora reproduz e ora representa ideologias, processos e extratos sociais. Nesta senda, se inserem as construções em torno do gênero, no que se refere aos processos sociais nos quais homens e mulheres são culturalmente constituídos. Os anúncios publicitários, com destaque para a promoção de cervejas, tendem a favorecer de forma mais intensa a assimetria nas relações por meio do uso inadequado da figura feminina nas campanhas publicitárias. A proposta deste estudo foi analisar o posicionamento da Skol considerando três campanhas e a representação feminina entre elas: Reposter (2017), Viva redondo (2015) e Invenção (2006). Metodologicamente, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa documental tendo os materiais promocionais das campanhas como corpus, examinadas sob a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Skol, como outras marcas na contemporaneidade, tem acrescentado ao seu posicionamento, teor de campanhas e identidade de marca leituras e reflexões socioculturais, como a representatividade feminina e o avanço de pautas progressistas no tocante ao gênero.
Circulação de conteúdos em portais e aplicativos: um estudo de caso de Rádio Expandido no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Vaz Chagas Luan José , Viana Luana
Published: April 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar como se configura a circulação de conteúdo entre sites e aplicativos das três emissoras mais ouvidas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil) no site Rádios.com: a rádio Globo Rio, Super Tupi e CBN. O estudo de caso tem como base as definições do conceito de rádio expandido (KISCHINHEVSKY, 2016) observando as peculiaridades e estratégias dos produtos para diferentes dispositivos.
Uma análise cultural da geofagia haitiana; a desconstrução do “biscoito de barro” da imprensa brasileira
Authors: Monacé Jhon Kelly , Parente Temis Gomes , Pedroso Neto Antonio José
Published: April 2019

O artigo apresenta duas representações da geofagia no Haiti. Uma que a imprensa criou e divulgou; o “biscoito de barro” para saciar a fome. Assim, ela se referiu ao tè e ao seu consumo, de modo equivocado e sensacionalista. Em contraponto, o artigo apresenta análises de entrevistas com geófagos locais. Elas revelaram que os comedores de tè apreciam seu gosto, têm crenças em suas virtudes medicinais e aprendem este hábito alimentar do mesmo modo que outros hábitos.
Género y opinión. El rol secundario de las mujeres en los espacios periodísticos
Authors: Suárez-Romero Miriam , Ortega-Pérez Ana María
Published: April 2019

Este artículo realiza una revisión de las autorías de los textos opinativos, con especial énfasis en el papel que han tenido las mujeres en la producción de piezas de opinión en el diario español El País. Mediante la técnica metodológica del análisis de contenido se estudia si existe un determinante de género en las rutinas productivas de este periódico. Para ello, se analizan 2621 piezas publicadas en su edición digital durante cinco años (de 2012 a 2016), haciendo especial hincapié en la evolución de los aspectos formales y contextuales orientativos de la atribución de relevancia por parte del medio y la inclusión de las periodistas en este proceso de creación. Este artículo realiza una revisión de las autorías de los textos opinativos, con especial énfasis en el papel que han tenido las mujeres en la producción de piezas de opinión en el diario español El País. Mediante la técnica metodológica del análisis de contenido se estudia si existe un determinante de género en las rutinas productivas de este periódico. Para ello, se analizan 2621 piezas publicadas en su edición digital durante cinco años (de 2012 a 2016), haciendo especial hincapié en la evolución de los aspectos formales y contextuales orientativos de la atribución de relevancia por parte del medio y la inclusión de las periodistas en este proceso de creación.
"Verdens bedste 20 minutter"
Authors: Gro-Nielsen Brit Madsen
Published: April 2019

Gennem et fokusgruppeinterview i to dele og et besøg i et VR-lab med seks 10-årige børn fra fjerde klasse med ligelig kønsfordeling blev det sonderet om en model med fem motivationsorienteringer fra Pless et al. (2015) kombineret med fre udfordringskategorier fra Kavanagh et al. (2017) er dækkende, når man ønsker at undersøge motivation hos aldersgruppen i deres første møde med Virtual Reality (VR). Derudover blev børnene spurgt om forslag til VR i undervisningen. Alt blev videooptaget. I VR-lab blev suppleret med observation. Alle optagelser blev transkriberet. Data blev analyseret ud fra motivationsorienteringerne samt ud fra de fire udfordringskatetegorier kombineret med en socialkonstruktivistisk tilgang til børnenes samspil og forhandlinger. Vi diskuterer om kombinationsmodellen er dækkende, når man undersøger motivation i forbindelse med VR. Vi gjorde fund fra alle fem motivationsorienteringer, dog mindst i præstationsmotivation. Under relations-, involverings- og mestringsmotivation gjorde vi fund af henholdsvis parasocial interaktion, fordybelse og mestring af hardware, der kræver, at kategorierne udbygges med disse temaer, når motivation undersøges i forbindelse med VR. Mht. udfordringerne fandt vi et tilfælde af køresyge, og at begge sæt udstyr kortvarigt havde udfald, dog uden at påvirke engagementet. Pga. designet havde vi ikke fokus på de to øvrige udfordringskategorier. De vurderes fortsat at være relevante for andre designs. Børnenes forslag til VR i undervisningen var karakteriseret ved nyhedsværdien ved VR i form af ny måde at bruge computer på, herunder at gå igennem sine tegninger, prøve virkelige jobs i simuleret univers som en del af det at træffe sit karrierevalg. Det blev konkluderet, at kombinationsmodellen foreløbig er dækkende og relevant med de nævnte forslag til justeringer, når motivation undersøges i forbindelse med denne aldersgruppes interaktion med VR inden for rammen af SDT. Børnene kom med forslag til, hvordan VR kan give nye muligheder i undervisning. De forventer, at skolen introducerer dem til nye måder at bruge computere på. En mere omfattende undersøgelse med lignende design og flere aldersgruppe anbefales til undersøgelse af kobinationsmodellens anvendelighed. Langtidsundersøgelser anbefales i forhold til vurdering af, om motivationsorienteringerne har langtidsholdbarhed, når VR blever en del af hverdagen i skole og fritidsdelen af skolen.
"You just took the jump too slowly”: A single case analysis of a mountain bike crash
Authors: Lloyd Mike
Published: April 2019

Two online videos are used to analyse social interaction in a mountain bike crash. The first provides context and a contrasting case: we view five mountain bikers taking a large gap jump in quick succession, where it is the fact that they are closely linked that helps establish the minimum speed required to take the jump. Then there is a detailed analysis of a frequently viewed YouTube video showing another group of five riders with a very different experience of a much smaller gap jump. In this case, only two riders are closely linked and we see a different kind of social effect: a watching group encourages one of the riders to take the gap jump solo, when he does not seem to have the necessary skill. As a result, when he attempts the jump, he is knocked unconscious. The analysis shows how coordinated activity does not always benefit participants, which highlights the need to carefully investigate the subtleties of co-operative action.
Luciferase-LOV BRET enables versatile and specific transcriptional readout of cellular protein-protein interactions
Authors: Kim Christina K , Cho Kelvin F , Kim Min Woo , Ting Alice Y
Published: April 2019

Technologies that convert transient protein-protein interactions (PPIs) into stable expression of a reporter gene are useful for genetic selections, high-throughput screening, and multiplexing with omics technologies. We previously reported SPARK (Kim et al., 2017), a transcription factor that is activated by the coincidence of blue light and a PPI. Here, we report an improved, second-generation SPARK2 that incorporates a luciferase moiety to control the light-sensitive LOV domain. SPARK2 can be temporally gated by either external light or addition of a small-molecule luciferin, which causes luciferase to open LOV via proximity-dependent BRET. Furthermore, the nested ‘AND’ gate design of SPARK2—in which both protease recruitment to the membrane-anchored transcription factor and LOV domain opening are regulated by the PPI of interest—yields a lower-background system and improved PPI specificity. We apply SPARK2 to high-throughput screening for GPCR agonists and for the detection of trans-cellular contacts, all with versatile transcriptional readout.
Enzyme activity and selectivity filter stability of ancient TRPM2 channels were simultaneously lost in early vertebrates
Authors: Iordanov Iordan , Tóth Balázs , Szollosi Andras , Csanády László
Published: April 2019

Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a cation channel important for the immune response, insulin secretion, and body temperature regulation. It is activated by cytosolic ADP ribose (ADPR) and contains a nudix-type motif 9 (NUDT9)-homology (NUDT9-H) domain homologous to ADPR phosphohydrolases (ADPRases). Human TRPM2 (hsTRPM2) is catalytically inactive due to mutations in the conserved Nudix box sequence. Here, we show that TRPM2 Nudix motifs are canonical in all invertebrates but vestigial in vertebrates. Correspondingly, TRPM2 of the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis (nvTRPM2) and the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta (srTRPM2) are active ADPRases. Disruption of ADPRase activity fails to affect nvTRPM2 channel currents, reporting a catalytic cycle uncoupled from gating. Furthermore, pore sequence substitutions responsible for inactivation of hsTRPM2 also appeared in vertebrates. Correspondingly, zebrafish (Danio rerio) TRPM2 (drTRPM2) and hsTRPM2 channels inactivate, but srTRPM2 and nvTRPM2 currents are stable. Thus, catalysis and pore stability were lost simultaneously in vertebrate TRPM2 channels.
A type III-A CRISPR-Cas system employs degradosome nucleases to ensure robust immunity
Authors: Chou-Zheng Lucy , Hatoum-Aslan Asma
Published: April 2019

CRISPR-Cas systems provide sequence-specific immunity against phages and mobile genetic elements using CRISPR-associated nucleases guided by short CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs). Type III systems exhibit a robust immune response that can lead to the extinction of a phage population, a feat coordinated by a multi-subunit effector complex that destroys invading DNA and RNA. Here, we demonstrate that a model type III system in Staphylococcus epidermidis relies upon the activities of two degradosome-associated nucleases, PNPase and RNase J2, to mount a successful defense. Genetic, molecular, and biochemical analyses reveal that PNPase promotes crRNA maturation, and both nucleases are required for efficient clearance of phage-derived nucleic acids. Furthermore, functional assays show that RNase J2 is essential for immunity against diverse mobile genetic elements originating from plasmid and phage. Altogether, our observations reveal the evolution of a critical collaboration between two nucleic acid degrading machines which ensures cell survival when faced with phage attack.
Environmental modulation of the proteomic profiles from closely phylogenetically related populations of the red seaweed Plocamium brasiliense
Authors: Calegario Gabriela , Freitas Lucas , Santos Eidy , Silva Bruno , Oliveira Louisi , Garcia Gizele , Omachi Cláudia , Pereira Renato , Thompson Cristiane , Thompson Fabiano
Published: April 2019

The genus Plocamium encompasses seaweeds that are widely distributed throughout the world’s oceans, with Plocamium brasiliense found along the tropical and subtropical coasts of the Western Atlantic. This wide distribution can lead to structured populations due to environmental differences (e.g., light levels or temperature), restricted gene flow, and the presence of cryptic species. Abiotic variation can also affect gene expression, which consequently leads to differences in the seaweeds protein profile. This study aimed to analyze the genetic and proteomic profiles of P. brasiliense sampled in two geographically distinct sites on the coastline of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil: Arraial do Cabo (P1) and Búzios (P2). The genetic profiles of macroalgal specimens from these two sites were indistinguishable as assessed by the markers UPA/23S, rbcL, and COI-5P; however, the protein profiles varied significantly between populations from the two sites. At both sites the ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was the most abundant protein found in P. brasiliense specimens. The number of phycobiliproteins differed between both sites with the highest numbers being found at P1, possibly due to water depth. The differences in proteomic profiles of the two nearly identical populations of P. brasiliense suggest that environmental parameters such as light availability and desiccation might induce distinct protein expression, probably as a result of the phenotypic plasticity within this population of seaweed.
Reproductive biology of little tunnyEuthynnus alletteratus(Rafinesque, 1810) in the southwest Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Cruz-Castán Roberto , Meiners-Mandujano César , Macías David , Jiménez-Badillo Lourdes , Curiel-Ramírez Sergio
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to describe the reproductive dynamic ofEuthynnus alletteratusin the southwest Gulf of Mexico. The annual variation of the volume fraction occupied by gametes and tissues in gonads were related with main body indexes, such as the gonadosomatic index (IG), the hepatosomatic index (IH), and the nutrition index (IN), and compared with the sea surface temperature. A total of 951E. alletteratusindividuals were sampled, where a sex ratio of 1:1 and a size interval strongly skewed towards organisms with a fork length (LF) of 36–40 cm were observed. TheIGshowed an increase from March to September with maximum values in April and July. Two clearly defined peaks were observed, and they were consistent with the histological analysis, where the percentage of ripe gametes predominated from April to September. The optimum thermal window for reproductive activity was from 24 to 28 °C. The size of first sex maturity was 34.35 cm ofLFfor males and 34.60 (LF) for females, without significant difference between sexes.
Prevalence of malocclusion and occlusal traits in the early mixed dentition in Shanghai, China
Authors: Yu Xin , Zhang Hao , Sun Liangyan , Pan Jie , Liu Yuehua , Chen Li
Published: April 2019

Background

Epidemiological data on malocclusion among Chinese children are scant. The aim of this study was to provide detailed information on the prevalence of malocclusion in early mixed dentition children in Shanghai, China.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2016 to April 2017, and 2,810 children aged 7- to 9- years were selected from 10 primary schools by cluster random sampling. Several occlusal parameters, including Angle molar relationship, overjet, overbite, open bite, anterior and posterior crossbite, midline displacement, scissors bite, and teeth crowding and spacing, were clinically registered by five calibrated orthodontic dentists.

Results

We found that 79.4% children presented one or more occlusal anomalies. Angle Class I, Class II and Class III molar relationship were recorded in 42.3%, 50.9% and 5.9% of the sample, respectively. The proportion of Class III increased from 5.0% at age 7 to 7.8% at age 9. In the sagittal plane, increased overjet >3 mm was observed in 40.8% subjects, while the prevalence of severe overjet (>8 mm), anterior edge-to-edge (zero overjet) and anterior crossbite were 5.2%, 8.1% and 10.5%, respectively. Vertically, deep overbite >2/3 overlap was found in 6.2% of the children and open bite in 4.3%. Boys exhibited a higher rate of overbite than girls. For the transversal occlusal anomalies, 36.1% of the children had a midline displacement, which was followed by posterior crossbite (2.6%) and scissors bite (1.0%). Teeth space discrepancies were also common anomalies and anterior crowding (>2 mm) affecting 28.4% of the children, while anterior spacing (>4 mm) affecting 9.5%. Girls showed a higher prevalence of anterior crowding and a lower frequency of teeth spacing than boys.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that malocclusion is prevalent among children in the early mixed dentition, and more health resources should be warranted to meet the challenge of prevention or early intervention of malocclusion.
On the half-life of thiocyanate in the plasma of the marine fish Amphiprion ocellaris: implications for cyanide detection
Authors: Breen Nancy E. , Bonanno J. Alexander , Hunt Sara , Grossman Julia , Brown Jordan , Nolte Hannah , Rhyne Andrew L.
Published: April 2019

The illegal practice of using cyanide (CN) as a stunning agent to collect fish for both the marine aquarium and live fish food trades has been used throughout the Indo-Pacific for over 50 years. CN fishing is destructive to all life forms within the coral reef ecosystems where it is used and is certainly one of many anthropogenic activities that have led to 95% of the reefs in the Indo-Pacific being labeled at risk for degradation and loss. A field-deployable test for detecting fish caught using CN would assist in combating the use of this destructive practice, however, no reliable and robust test exists. Further, there is little toxicokinetic data available on marine fish to support the development of such a test, yet such data is critical to establishing the concentration range and time scale over which such a test would be viable. This study presents the first direct measurement of the half-life of the metabolite thiocyanate (SCN) after pulsed exposure to CN in a marine fish. SCN was measured in the plasma of Amphiprion ocellaris after exposure to 50 ppm CN for three exposure times (20, 45, and 60 s) using HPLC-UV and a C30 column pre-treated with polyethylene glycol. Plasma SCN levels observed are dose-dependent, reflecting a longer time for conversion of CN to SCN as the dose of CN increases. SCN plasma levels reached a maximum concentration (1.2–2.3 ppm) 12–20 h after exposure to CN. The half-life for the elimination of SCN was 1.01 ± 0.26 days for 45 s exposure and 0.44 ± 0.15 days for 20 s exposure. Fish were also directly exposed to SCN (100 ppm for 11 days) and the observed half-life for SCN elimination was 0.35 ± 0.07 days. Plasma SCN levels did not return to control levels, even after 41 days when exposed to CN but did return to control levels after 48 days when exposed to SCN. The similar half-lives observed for CN and SCN exposure suggests that SCN exposure can be used as a proxy for measuring the rate of SCN elimination following CN exposure. In order for plasma SCN to be used as a marker for CN exposure, these results must be extended to other species and endogenous levels of SCN in wild caught fish must be established.
Mapping-by-sequencing using NGS-based 3′-MACE-Seq reveals a new mutant allele of the essential nodulation gene Sym33 (IPD3) in pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Zhernakov Aleksandr I. , Shtark Oksana Y. , Kulaeva Olga A. , Fedorina Jaroslava V. , Afonin Alexey M. , Kitaeva Anna B. , Tsyganov Viktor E. , Afonso-Grunz Fabian , Hoffmeier Klaus , Rotter Björn , Winter Peter , Tikhonovich Igor A. , Zhukov Vladimir A.
Published: April 2019

Large collections of pea symbiotic mutants were accumulated in the 1990s, but the causal genes for a large portion of the mutations are still not identified due to the complexity of the task. We applied a Mapping-by-Sequencing approach including Bulk Segregant Analysis and Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends (MACE-Seq) sequencing technology for genetic mapping the Sym11 gene of pea which controls the formation of symbioses with both nodule bacteria and arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi. For mapping we developed an F2-population from the cross between pea line N24 carrying the mutant allele of sym11 and the wild type NGB1238 (=JI0073) line. Sequencing libraries were prepared from bulks of 20 plants with mutant and 12 with wild-type phenotype. MACE-Seq differential gene expression analysis between mutant-phenotype and wild-type-phenotype bulks revealed 2,235 genes, of which 514 (23%) were up-regulated and 1,721 (77%) were down-regulated in plant roots inoculated with rhizobia as a consequence of sym11 mutation. MACE-Seq also detected single nucleotide variants between bulks in 217 pea genes. Using a novel mathematical model we calculated the recombination frequency (RF) between the Sym11 gene and these 217 polymorphic genes. Six genes with the lowest RF were converted into CAPS or dCAPS markers and genetically mapped on the complete mapping population of 108 F2-plants which confirmed their tight linkage to Sym11 and to each other. The Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (Mt) homologs of these genes are located in a distinct region of Mt chromosome 5, which corresponds to linkage group I of pea. Among 94 candidate genes from this region only one was down-regulated—the pea Sym33 homolog of the Mt IPD3 gene which is essential for nodulation. Sequencing of the Sym33 allele of the N24 (sym11) mutant revealed a single nucleotide deletion (c.C319del) in its third exon resulting in a codon shift in the open reading frame and premature translation termination. Thus, we identified a novel mutant allele sym33-4 most probably responsible for the mutant phenotype of the N24 (sym11) line, thereby demonstrating that mapping by MACE-Seq can be successfully used for genetic mapping of mutations and identification of candidate genes in pea.
Epizootic ulcerative syndrome causes cutaneous dysbacteriosis in hybrid snakehead (Channa maculata♀ × Channa argus♂)
Authors: Li Zhifei , Wang Guangjun , Zhang Kai , Gong Wangbao , Yu Ermeng , Tian Jingjing , Xie Jun , Yu Deguang
Published: April 2019

Cutaneous microbiota play an important role in protecting fish against pathogens.Aphanomycesinfection causes epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) in fish, and by perturbing the integrity of the cutaneous microbiota, increases the potential for infection by pathogenic bacteria. However, whether the composition of the cutaneous microbiota is altered in fish with EUS, and if so, which species are changed and how this might influence infected fish, is still largely unclear. Considering the importance of cutaneous microbiota in maintaining host health, we hypothesized thatAphanomycesinfection significantly enhances the presence of certain bacterial pathogens in the cutaneous microbiota and causes cutaneous dysbacteriosis. To test this hypothesis, we compared the cutaneous microbiota compositions of hybrid snakehead (Channa maculata♀ × Channa argus♂) with and withoutAphanomycesinfection using Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results showed that the cutaneous microbiota of hybrid snakehead were significantly altered subsequent to EUS infection and that the numbers of potentially pathogenic bacteria classified into the generaAnaerosinus, Anaerovorax,Dorea, andClostridiumwere significantly enhanced in the cutaneous microbiota of hybrid snakehead with EUS, whereas bacteria classified into the generaArthrobacter,Dysgonomonas,Anoxybacillus,Bacillus,Solibacillus,Carnobacterium,Lactococcus,Streptococcus,Achromobacter,Polynucleobacter,Vogesella, andPseudomonaswere significantly reduced. These results imply that treatment for EUS should not only take into consideration the control ofAphanomycesreproduction but should also focus on regulating the cutaneous microbiota of infected fish.
LncRNA MIR4435-2HG predicts poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Ouyang Wen , Ren Linlin , Liu Guohong , Chi Xiaosa , Wei Hongyun
Published: April 2019

Background

LncRNA MIR4435-2HG is observed in a variety of cancers, while its role in colorectal cancer is unknown. We aimed to demonstrate the relationship between MIR4435-2HG and colorectal cancer based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

Materials and Methods

Patients with colorectal cancer were collected from TCGA. We compared the expression of MIR4435-2HG in colorectal cancer and normal tissues with Wilcoxon rank sum test, and logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between MIR4435-2HG and clinicopathological characters. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression was performed to evaluate the correlation between MIR4435-2HG and survival rate. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was also conducted to annotate biological function of MIR4435-2HG.

Results

MIR4435-2HG level was elevated in colorectal cancer tissues. Increased level of MIR4435-2HG was significantly correlated with TNM stage (OR = 1.66 for T1/T2 vs. T3/T4; OR = 1.68 for N0 vs. N1/N2), stage (OR = 1.66 for stage 1/2 vs. stage 3/4), and carcinoembryonic antigen level before treatment (OR = 1.70 for <5 vs. ≥5) (all P-value <0.05). High MIR4435-2HG expression had a poorer progression-free survival (p = 0.048), and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.028), which were validated in the GSE92921 and GSE29621 datasets. MIR4435-2HG expression (P = 0.040, HR = 1.955 (95% CI [1.031–3.710])) was independently correlated with OS. GSEA demonstrated that the P38/MAPK pathway, the VEGF pathway, the cell adhesion molecules cams, the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, the cell surface interactions at the vascular wall, and integrin cell surface interactions were differentially enriched in MIR4435-2HG high expression phenotype.

Conclusions

Increased MIR4435-2HG might be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Moreover, MIR4435-2HG might participate in the development of colorectal cancer via the P38/MAPK and VEGF pathway.
Lifetime Acts of Violence Assessment (LAVA) predictors of laboratory aggression
Authors: King Alan R. , Russell Tiffany D.
Published: April 2019

While self‐report data warrants interpretive caution in applied settings, these indices serve an important role in exploratory research. The Lifetime Assessment of Violent Acts (LAVA) inventory is a brief, reliable, face‐valid questionnaire for estimating the frequency, triggers, and consequences (including injuries to others) of prior acts of aggression. The LAVA also identifies the situational contexts in which prior violence was triggered and provides a basis for risk classifications based on past reactive, intimate partner, alcohol‐related, and/or weapon‐related violence. Scores on the LAVA indices have been linked to a range of developmental and maladjustment indicators. Associations were found between lab‐provoked (Taylor Aggression Paradigm) responding and both dimensional and risk classification scores in this sample (N = 92) of college men. Participants “competed” with a fictional opponent using electric shock as a retaliatory measure for perceived provocation. The total LAVA dimensional score predicted mean shock intensity (
d =
 .87), baseline responding (
d = 0.90), and past sexual aggression (
d = 1.01). Shock intensities in response to high provocation were predicted (
M d = 0.57) by all but one LAVA index. Participants who reported inflicting one or more injuries on another showed more intense escalations of aggression (
d = 0.46) in response to provocation than normative counterparts. Prior injuries to another (
RR = 2.71), reactive acts of aggression (
RR = 3.73), or intimate‐partner violence (
RR = 4.19) elevated the risk of one or more prior acts of self‐reported sexual aggression. The limitations and potential value of self‐report data were discussed in regard to aggression research.
Functional Modules of Minimal Cell Division for Synthetic Biology
Authors: Hürtgen Daniel , Härtel Tobias , Murray Seán M. , Sourjik Victor , Schwille Petra
Published: April 2019

Cellular reproduction is one of the fundamental hallmarks of life. Therefore, the development of a minimal division machinery capable of proper genome condensation and organization, mid‐cell positioning and segregation in space and time, and the final septation process constitute a fundamental challenge for synthetic biology. It is therefore important to be able to engineer such modules for the production of artificial minimal cells. A bottom‐up assembly of molecular machines from bulk biochemicals complemented by in vivo experiments as well as computational modelling helps to approach such key cellular processes. Here, minimal functional modules involved in genome segregation and the division machinery and their spatial organization and positioning are reviewed, setting into perspective the design of a minimal cell. Furthermore, the milestones of recent in vitro reconstitution experiments in the context of cell division are discussed and their role in shedding light on fundamental cellular mechanisms that constitute spatiotemporal order is described. Lastly, current challenges in the field of bottom‐up synthetic biology as well as possible future developments toward the development of minimal biomimetic systems are discussed.
Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Polycrystalline Core–Shell‐Mimicked Nanograins
Authors: Park Min‐Ho , Park Jaehyeok , Lee Jaeho , So Hyeon Seob , Kim Hobeom , Jeong Su‐Hun , Han Tae‐Hee , Wolf Christoph , Lee Hosun , Yoo Seunghyup , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: April 2019

Making small nanograins in polycrystalline organic–inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) films is critical to improving the luminescent efficiency in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). 3D polycrystalline OIHPs have fundamental limitations related to exciton binding energy and exciton diffusion length. At the same time, passivating the defects at the grain boundaries is also critical when the grain size becomes smaller. Molecular additives can be incorporated to shield the nanograins to suppress defects at grain boundaries; however, unevenly distributed molecular additives can cause imbalanced charge distribution and inefficient local defect passivation in polycrystalline OIHP films. Here, a kinetically controlled polycrystalline organic‐shielded nanograin (OSN) film with a uniformly distributed organic semiconducting additive (2,2′,2′′‐(1,3,5‐benzinetriyl)‐tris(1‐phenyl‐1‐H‐benzimidazole), TPBI) is developed mimicking core–shell nanoparticles. The OSN film causes improved photophysical and electroluminescent properties with improved light out‐coupling by possessing a low refractive index. Finally, highly improved electroluminescent efficiencies of 21.81% ph el−1 and 87.35 cd A−1 are achieved with a half‐sphere lens and four‐time increased half‐lifetime in polycrystalline PeLEDs. This strategy to make homogeneous, defect‐healed polycrystalline core–shell‐mimicked nanograin film with better optical out‐coupling will provide a simple and efficient way to make highly efficient perovskite polycrystal films and their optoelectronics devices.
Recent Advances in Scaffold Design and Material for Vascularized Tissue‐Engineered Bone Regeneration
Authors: Yin Shi , Zhang Wenjie , Zhang Zhiyuan , Jiang Xinquan
Published: April 2019

Bone tissue is a highly vascularized tissue and concomitant development of the vascular system and mineralized matrix requires a synergistic interaction between osteogenesis and angioblasts. Several strategies have been applied to achieve vascularized tissue‐engineered bone, including the addition of cytokines as well as pre‐vascularization strategies and co‐culture systems. However, the scaffold is another extremely important component to consider, and development of vascularized bone scaffolds remains one of the greatest challenges for engineering clinically relevant bone substitutes. Here, this review highlights the biomaterial selection, preparation of pre‐vascularized scaffolds, composition modification of the scaffold, structural design, and the comprehensive use of the above synergistic modifications of scaffold materials for vascular scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Moreover, a strategy is proposed for the design of future scaffold structures, in which promoting the regeneration of vascularized bone by regulating the microenvironment should be the main focus. This overview can help illuminate progress in this field and identify the most recently developed scaffolds that show the greatest potential for achieving clinically vascularized bone.
Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed, DMSO‐Involved, and TFA‐Controlled Regioselective C−H Functionalization of Anilines with Alkynes for Specific Assembly of 3‐Arylquinolines
Authors: Zhang Peiquan , Yang Yurong , Chen Zhiyong , Xu Zhang , Xu Xuefeng , Zhou Zhi , Yu Xiyong , Yi Wei
Published: April 2019

Herein, a novel cobalt(III)‐catalyzed and TFA‐controlled [3+2+1] cyclization of diverse anilines and terminal alkynes has been realized by using DMSO as both the solvent and the C1 source, which led to the specific synthesis of privileged 3‐arylquinolines in one pot and regioselectively. Mechanistic investigations revealed that this versatile transformation might be initiated with a C−H activation process and with a 2‐vinylbenzenamine species as the active intermediate.

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Longitudinal course of vasomotor symptoms in perimenopausal migraineurs
Authors: Maleki Nasim , Cheng Yu‐Chen , Tu Yiheng , Locascio Joseph J.
Published: April 2019

Objective

To examine the longitudinal course of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in women with a history of migraine in comparison to women without a history of migraine disease.

Methods

The study sample consisted of 467 women with a self‐reported prior migraine diagnosis and 2,466 women without prior migraine diagnosis who were assessed longitudinally during menopausal transition as part of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Linear mixed regression models with backward elimination were used to evaluate longitudinal associations between VMS and migraine while adjusting for baseline and time‐varying demographic, socioeconomic, psychological, and reproductive factors. Additional analyses were performed to further assess the specificity of the association between migraine and VMS that included evaluating the association between migraine and vaginal dryness and between back pain and VMS.

Results

A history of migraine predicted an increased frequency of VMS but not vaginal dryness during menopausal transition. Significant interaction between history of migraine and menopausal status for the prediction of VMS was also identified. Burden of VMS was found to be higher during late‐stage perimenopause in women with migraine. In contrast, the history of back pain did not predict the frequency of VMS.

Interpretation

This is the first study to delineate that a history of migraine predicts an increased frequency of VMS in women during menopausal transition. Hypothalamic abnormalities and thermoregulatory dysfunction against a milieu of decreasing estradiol concentrations during menopausal transition may explain the increased frequency of VMS in migraineurs during menopausal transition. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:865–874.
Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting through Bismuth Vanadate with a Photon Upconversion Luminescent Reflector
Authors: Choi Dongho , Nam Seong Kyung , Kim Kiwon , Moon Jun Hyuk
Published: April 2019

As the performance of photoanodes for solar water splitting steadily improves, the extension of the absorption wavelength in the photoanodes is highly necessary to substantially improve the water splitting. We use a luminescent back reflector (LBR) capable of photon upconversion (UC) to improve the light harvesting capabilities of Mo:BiVO4 photoelectrodes. The LBR is prepared by dispersing the organic dye pair meso‐tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphine palladium and perylene capable of triplet–triplet annhilation‐based UC in a polymer film. The LBR converts the wavelengths of 600–650 nm corresponding to the sub‐band gap of Mo:BiVO4 and the wavelengths of 350–450 nm that are not sufficiently absorbed in Mo:BiVO4 to a wavelength that can be absorbed by a Mo:BiVO4 photoelectrode. The LBR improves the water splitting reaction of Mo:BiVO4 photoelectrodes by 17 %, and consequently, the Mo:BiVO4/LBR exhibits a photocurrent density of 5.25 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. The Mo:BiVO4/LBR exhibits hydrogen/oxygen evolution corresponding to the increased photocurrent density and long‐term operational stability for the water splitting reaction.