bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROR1 is upregulated in endometrial cancer and represents a novel therapeutic target
Authors: Liu Dongli , Gunther Kate , Enriquez Luis A. , Daniels Benjamin , O’Mara Tracy A. , Tang Katrina , Spurdle Amanda B. , Ford Caroline E.
Published: August 2020

ROR1 and ROR2 are receptor tyrosine kinases with altered expression in a range of cancers. Silencing ROR1 or ROR2 in different tumour types has been shown to inhibit proliferation and decrease metastatic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ROR1 and ROR2 in endometrial cancer via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a large endometrial cancer patient cohort (n = 499) and through in vitro analysis in endometrial cancer cell lines. Correlation was assessed between ROR1/2 expression and clinicopathological parameters. Kaplan Meier curves were produced for 5-year progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with low/moderate versus high ROR1/2 intensity. Cox multivariate regression was applied to analyse the effect of selected covariates on the PFS and OS. The effect of ROR1 and/or ROR2 modulation on cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion was analysed in two endometrial cancer cell lines (KLE and MFE-296). We observed a significant decrease in OS and PFS in patients with high ROR1 expression. ROR1 silencing and ROR2 overexpression significantly inhibited proliferation of KLE endometrial cancer cells and decreased migration. This study supports the oncogenic role of ROR1 in endometrial cancer, and warrants investigation of future application of ROR1-targeting therapies in endometrial cancer patients.
High levels of ubidecarenone (oxidized CoQ10) delivered using a drug-lipid conjugate nanodispersion (BPM31510) differentially affect redox status and growth in malignant glioma versus non-tumor cells
Authors: Sun Jiaxin , Patel Chirag B. , Jang Taichang , Merchant Milton , Chen Chen , Kazerounian Shiva , Diers Anne R. , Kiebish Michael A. , Vishnudas Vivek K. , Gesta Stephane , Sarangarajan Rangaprasad , Narain Niven R. , Nagpal Seema , Recht Lawrence
Published: August 2020

Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, vs. non-cancer cells, elevates levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to higher oxidative stress. The elevated ROS levels suggest a vulnerability to excess prooxidant loads leading to selective cell death, a therapeutically exploitable difference. Co-enzyme Q10(CoQ10) an endogenous mitochondrial resident molecule, plays an important role in mitochondrial redox homeostasis, membrane integrity, and energy production. BPM31510 is a lipid-drug conjugate nanodispersion specifically formulated for delivery of supraphysiological concentrations of ubidecarenone (oxidized CoQ10) to the cell and mitochondria, in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. In this study, we sought to investigate the therapeutic potential of ubidecarenone in the highly treatment-refractory glioblastoma. Rodent (C6) and human (U251) glioma cell lines, and non-tumor human astrocytes (HA) and rodent NIH3T3 fibroblast cell lines were utilized for experiments. Tumor cell lines exhibited a marked increase in sensitivity to ubidecarenone vs. non-tumor cell lines. Further, elevated mitochondrial superoxide production was noted in tumor cells vs. non-tumor cells hours before any changes in proliferation or the cell cycle could be detected. In vitro co-culture experiments show ubidecarenone differentially affecting tumor cells vs. non-tumor cells, resulting in an equilibrated culture. In vivo activity in a highly aggressive orthotopic C6 glioma model demonstrated a greater than 25% long-term survival rate. Based on these findings we conclude that high levels of ubidecarenone delivered using BPM31510 provide an effective therapeutic modality targeting cancer-specific modulation of redox mechanisms for anti-cancer effects.
The effects of oil type and crystallization temperature on the physical properties of vitamin C-loaded oleogels prepared by an emulsion-templated approach
Authors: Wang Xing , Wang Shu-Jie , Nan Yang , Liu Guo-Qin
Published: August 2020

A hydrosoluble nutrient (Vitamin C) was incorporated into oleogel.
A multiplex bacterial assay using an element-labeled strategy for 16S rRNA detection
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Sun Gongwei , Hu Zhian , Xing Zhi , Zhang Sichun , Zhang Xinrong
Published: August 2020

A direct multiplex bacterial assay via enzyme treatment and combinatorial elemental tagging probes without strain purification.
Nanozeolite ZSM-5 electrolyte additive for long life sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Lin , Kishore Brij , Walker Marc , Dancer Claire E. J. , Kendrick Emma
Published: August 2020

Hard-carbon electrolyte interface stabilisation with a nano-zeolite ZSM-5 electrolyte additive. Unwanted degradation products are trapped within the zeolite cage preventing compositional changes at the interface, maximising the life-time of a sodium-ion battery.
Graphene-encapsulated nickel–copper bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2to CO
Authors: Xu Chaochen , Vasileff Anthony , Jin Bo , Wang Dan , Xu Haolan , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi-Zhang
Published: August 2020

High CO selectivity for the CO2electroreduction reaction was achieved on Ni–Cu bimetallic catalysts. We observed that changing the Cu content in the catalysts causes charge redistribution which results in a negative correlation with CO selectivity.
Synthesis of new tetracyclic benzodiazepine-fused isoindolinones using recyclable mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Authors: Yuan Shuo , Yue Ya-Le , Zhang Dan-Qing , Zhang Jing-Ya , Yu Bin , Liu Hong-Min
Published: August 2020

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles could catalyze the de novo combination of benzodiazepine and isoindolinone, giving biologically relevant benzodiazepine-fused isoindolinone pseudo natural products.
Temporal control in tritylation reactions through light-driven variation in chloride ion binding catalysis – a proof of concept
Authors: Grewal Surbhi , Roy Saonli , Kumar Himanshu , Saraswat Mayank , Bari Naimat K. , Sinha Sharmistha , Venkataramani Sugumar
Published: August 2020

A proof-of-concept on temporal control in the tritylation reactions has been demonstrated using a designed tripodal triazole-linked azo(hetero)arene-based photoswitchable catalyst.
Hierarchical Fe-modified MgAl2O4 as a Ni-catalyst support for methane dry reforming
Authors: Wang Hao , Srinath Nadadur Veeraraghavan , Poelman Hilde , Detavernier Christophe , Li Ping , Marin Guy B. , Galvita Vladimir V.
Published: August 2020

Hierarchical Fe-modified MgAl2O4 as a Ni-catalyst support with strong sintering resistance and anti-carbon ability for methane dry reforming.
Unravelling the role of oxophilic metal in promoting the deoxygenation of catechol on Ni-based alloy catalysts
Authors: Zhou Jingwen , An Wei
Published: August 2020

Increasing the content of oxophilic Fe alloyed greatly enhances deoxygenation performance in catechol HDO on nickel-based alloy catalysts.
Continuous hydroxyketone production from furfural using Pd–TiO2 supported on activated carbon
Authors: Pirmoradi Maryam , Gulotty Robert J. , Kastner James R.
Published: August 2020

Pd–TiO2, Pd–Cu and Pd–Fe activated carbon (AC) supported catalysts were employed for continuous selective hydrogenation of furfural.
Syntheses and characterizations of iron complexes of bulky o-phenylenediamide ligand
Authors: Liang Qiuming , Lin Jack H. , DeMuth Joshua C. , Neidig Michael L. , Song Datong
Published: August 2020

We report the reactivity of the iron complexes of a bulky phenylenediamide ligand.
Luminescent triphenylamine-based metal–organic frameworks: recent advances in nitroaromatics detection
Authors: Shi Zhi-Qiang , Ji Ning-Ning , Hu Hai-Liang
Published: August 2020

This review focuses on recent developments on the luminescent triphenylamine-based MOFs for the efficient detection of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs).
Optical properties of organic/inorganic perovskite microcrystals through the characterization of Fabry–Pérot resonances
Authors: Ramiro-Manzano Fernando , García-Aboal Rocío , Fenollosa Roberto , Biasi Stefano , Rodriguez Isabelle , Atienzar Pedro , Meseguer Francisco
Published: August 2020

Fabry-Pérot oscillations modulating the optical transmission and photoluminiscence spectra of hybrid perovskite microcrystals have been characterized. The simultaneous fit of both spectra to theoretical models permits to determine optical properties.
Copper(ii)–hydroxide facilitated C–C bond formation: the carboxamido pyridine system versus the methylimino pyridine system
Authors: Li Yinghua , Fan Weibin , Zhang Zilong , Xie Xingkun , Xiang Shiqun , Huang Deguang
Published: August 2020

A copper(ii)–hydroxide-induced C–C bond formation is explored via cooperative metal–ligand interactions and oxidative coupling reactions.
Tuning of spin crossover properties in a series of mononuclear cobalt(ii) complexes based on a macrocyclic tetradentate ligand and pseudohalide coligands
Authors: Ghosh Subrata , Selvamani Subramani , Kamilya Sujit , Mehta Sakshi , Mondal Abhishake
Published: August 2020

Spin-state switching temperature has been significantly modified and tuned by the ligand field strength of coligands in mononuclear cobalt(ii) complexes.
Mild catalytic deoxygenation of amides promoted by thorium metallocene
Authors: Saha Sayantani , Eisen Moris S.
Published: August 2020

The organoactinide-catalyzed (Cp*2ThMe2) hydroborated reduction of a wide range of tertiary, secondary, and primary amides to the corresponding amines/amine–borane adducts via deoxygenation of the amides is reported herein.
Learning from existing photovoltaic technologies to identify alternative perovskite module designs
Authors: Werner Jérémie , Boyd Caleb C. , Moot Taylor , Wolf Eli J. , France Ryan M. , Johnson Samuel A. , van Hest Maikel F. A. M. , Luther Joseph M. , Zhu Kai , Berry Joseph J. , McGehee Michael D.
Published: August 2020

This perspective shines light on alternative module designs, discussing their pros & cons.
Drinking water microbiology in a water-efficient building: stagnation, seasonality, and physicochemical effects on opportunistic pathogen and total bacteria proliferation
Authors: Ley Christian J. , Proctor Caitlin R. , Singh Gulshan , Ra Kyungyeon , Noh Yoorae , Odimayomi Tolulope , Salehi Maryam , Julien Ryan , Mitchell Jade , Nejadhashemi A. Pouyan , Whelton Andrew J. , Aw Tiong Gim
Published: August 2020

The rising trend in water conservation has led to the use of water-efficient fixtures for residential potable water systems, which raises concerns about increasing water age and degraded water quality at the tap.
Nutritional component changes in Xiangfen 1 banana at different developmental stages
Authors: Hu Huigang , Wang Jiuxiang , Hu Yulin , Xie Jianghui
Published: August 2020

Banana is an essential food resource in many tropical and subtropical countries.
Towards the conversion of CO2into optically pureN-carbamoyl-l-aspartate and orotate by anin vitromulti-enzyme cascade
Authors: Li Zonglin , Shen Su , Li Zhimin
Published: August 2020

A novelin vitromulti-enzymatic system was constructed for the conversion of CO2into optically pureN-carbamoyl-l-aspartate and orotate.
Organ-on-a-chip systems: translating concept into practice
Authors: Shuler Michael L.
Published: August 2020

Thought leader Michael Shuler provides an update on the Lab on a Chip thematic collection organ-on-a-chip systems: translating concept into practice.
Continuously manufactured single-core iron oxide nanoparticles for cancer theranostics as valuable contribution in translational research
Authors: Bleul Regina , Baki Abdulkader , Freese Christian , Paysen Hendrik , Kosch Olaf , Wiekhorst Frank
Published: August 2020

A micromixer platform for continuously manufactured single-core iron oxide nanoparticles for diagnostic and therapeutic applications contributing to translational research.
Coaxial double helix structured fiber-based triboelectric nanogenerator for effectively harvesting mechanical energy
Authors: Liu Jinmei , Cui Nuanyang , Du Tao , Li Gaoda , Liu Shuhai , Xu Qi , Wang Zheng , Gu Long , Qin Yong
Published: August 2020

A new fiber-based triboelectric nanogenerator with a coaxial double helix structure is developed to effectively and long-timely harvest mechanical energy.
Nitrogen modified titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) promotes carbon monoxide oxidation over copper catalysts
Authors: Cao Guoqiang , Yi Nan
Published: August 2020

Nitrogen modified titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) improves the copper dispersion. Thereby, Cu–N-TiO2 prevails over Cu–TiO2 in CO oxidation.
Pressure-induced assemblies and structures of graphitic-carbon sheet encapsulated Au nanoparticles
Authors: Das Partha Pratim , Samanta Sudeshna , Blom Douglas A. , Pramanik Srikrishna , Devi P. Sujatha , Vogt Thomas , Lee Yongjae
Published: August 2020

A pressure-driven change of the carbon nanostructure encapsulating Au nanoparticles induces a transition of the face-centered cubic to two primitive phases in the Au nanoparticles which impacts the electrical conductivity of the Au/C-nanohybrid.
l-Proline-catalyzed regioselective C1 arylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines through a multicomponent reaction under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Rahman Iftakur , Deka Bhaskar , Thakuria Ranjit , Deb Mohit L. , Baruah Pranjal K.
Published: August 2020

A regioselective C1 arylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines is reported through a multicomponent process usingl-proline as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions.
Patulignans A–C, three structurally unique lignans from the leaves of Melicope patulinervia
Authors: Vu Van-Tuan , Nguyen Manh-Tuyen , Wang Wen-Li , Nguyen Bich-Ngoc , Pham Giang-Nam , Kong Ling-Yi , Luo Jian-Guang
Published: August 2020

(±)-Patulignans A–C (1–3), α-glucosidase inhibitors bearing unprecedented lignan skeletons with twelve carbons at side chains were isolated from the leaves of Melicope patulinervia.
Covalently cross-linked polymer stabilized electrolytes with self-healing performance via boronic ester bonds
Authors: Li Sibo , Zuo Cai , Zhang Yong , Wang Jirong , Gan Huihui , Li Shaoqiao , Yu Liping , Zhou Binghua , Xue Zhigang
Published: August 2020

This article reported a facile fabrication of self-healing solid polymer electrolytes via boronic ester bonds.
Improvement of mechanical properties of in situ-prepared HTPE binder in propellants
Authors: Chen Keke , Wen Xiaomu , Li Guoping , Pang Siping , Luo Yunjun
Published: August 2020

HTPE binder for propellant synthesized by in situ preparation method has excellent mechanical properties and low glass transition temperature.
Bio-inspired facile fabrication of silver nanoparticles from in vitro grown shoots of Tamarix nilotica: explication of its potential in impeding growth and biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and assessment of wound healing ability
Authors: Al-Shabib Nasser A. , Husain Fohad Mabood , Nadeem Mohammad , Khan Mohd Shahnawaz , Al-Qurainy Fahad , Alyousef Abdullah A. , Arshad Mohammed , Khan Altaf , Khan Javed Masood , Alam Pravej , Albalawi Thamer , Shahzad Syed Ali
Published: August 2020

Novel, safe, and effective antilisterial agents are required in order to prevent Listeria monocytogenes infections and maintain food safety.
Applications of alkyl orthoesters as valuable substrates in organic transformations, focusing on reaction media
Authors: Khademi Zahra , Nikoofar Kobra
Published: August 2020

In this review we focus on applications of alkyl orthoesters as valuable and efficient substrates to perform various classes of two-component and multi-component organic reactions.
FeS–biochar and Zn(0)–biochar for remediation of redox-reactive contaminants
Authors: Seo Yong-Deuk , Oh Seok-Young , Rajagopal Rajesh , Ryu Kwang-Sun
Published: August 2020

To enhance the removal of redox-reactive contaminants, biochars including FeS and Zn(0) were developed via pyrolysis.
Bonding of thermoplastic microfluidics by using dry adhesive tape
Authors: Tsao Chia-Wen , Syu Wan-Ci
Published: August 2020

We investigated dry adhesive bonding of thermoplastic microfluidics. The bonding performance is correlated to the air bubble encapsulation and Saffman–Taylor finger formation phenomena at the interface.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of fluoro-substituted spiro-isoxazolines as potential anti-viral and anti-cancer agents
Authors: Das Prasanta , Boone Sarah , Mitra Dipanwita , Turner Lindsay , Tandon Ritesh , Raucher Drazen , Hamme Ashton T.
Published: August 2020

The synthetic efficacy and biological relevance extend an opportunity to further drug-discovery development of fluoro-spiro-isoxazolines as novel anti-viral and anti-cancer agents.
A poly-ADP-ribose polymer-based antibody-drug conjugate
Authors: Shi Xiaojing , Zhang Xiao-Nan , Chen Jingwen , Cheng Qinqin , Pei Hua , Louie Stan G. , Zhang Yong
Published: August 2020

Azido-functionalized poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) polymers were conjugated with anti-HER2 antibodies and tubulin inhibitors to generate a PAR polymer-based antibody-drug conjugate with potent and specific cytotoxicity toward HER2-expressing cancer cells.
Metal–ligand bond strength determines the fate of organic ligands on the catalyst surface during the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: Pankhurst James R. , Iyengar Pranit , Loiudice Anna , Mensi Mounir , Buonsanti Raffaella
Published: August 2020

The metal–ligand binding strength is a key parameter in determining the role and fate of the surface ligands on nanoparticle catalysts during the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction.
Catalytic C–H to C–M (M = Al, Mg) bond transformations with heterometallic complexes
Authors: Batuecas Maria , Gorgas Nikolaus , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: August 2020

This highlight focuses on recent efforts to establish catalytic methods for C–H functionalisation with main group metals (M = Al, Mg).
Photoswitchable dynasore analogs to control endocytosis with light
Authors: Camarero Núria , Trapero Ana , Pérez-Jiménez Ariadna , Macia Eric , Gomila-Juaneda Alexandre , Martín-Quirós Andrés , Nevola Laura , Llobet Artur , Llebaria Amadeu , Hernando Jordi , Giralt Ernest , Gorostiza Pau
Published: August 2020

We've combined the pharmacological properties of the dynamin inhibitor dynasore and the photochromic properties of an azobenzene group, to obtain the first light-regulated small-molecule inhibitor of endocytosis.
Self-assembly of cyclic hexamers of γ-cyclodextrin in a metallosupramolecular framework withd-penicillamine
Authors: Somsri Supattra , Kuwamura Naoto , Kojima Tatsuhiro , Yoshinari Nobuto , Konno Takumi
Published: August 2020

Thecomplex anions withd-penicillamine are organized into a 3D porous framework that allows the inclusion of γ-CD. The inclusion is accompanied by the 3D-to-2D transformation of porous frameworks so as to accept cyclic hexamers of γ-CD.
Solvent polarity driven helicity inversion and circularly polarized luminescence in chiral aggregation induced emission fluorophores
Authors: Ye Qiang , Zheng Feng , Zhang Enqi , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Zheng Shuyuan , Zhu Dandan , Lu Qinghua , Zhang Hailiang , Li Quan
Published: August 2020

The formation of both left- and right-handed helical superstructures with circularly polarized luminescence has been achieved in a chiral tetraphenylethylene derivative just by varying the solution polarity without any change in molecular chirality.
A diverse view of science to catalyse change
Authors: Urbina-Blanco César A. , Jilani Safia Z. , Speight Isaiah R. , Bojdys Michael J. , Friščić Tomislav , Stoddart J. Fraser , Nelson Toby L. , Mack James , Robinson Renã A. S. , Waddell Emanuel A. , Lutkenhaus Jodie L. , Godfrey Murrell , Abboud Martine I. , Aderinto Stephen O. , Aderohunmu Damilola , Bibič Lučka , Borges João , Dong Vy M. , Ferrins Lori , Fung Fun Man , John Torsten , Lim Felicia P. L. , Masters Sarah L. , Mambwe Dickson , Thordarson Pall , Titirici Maria-Magdalena , Tormet-González Gabriela D. , Unterlass Miriam M. , Wadle Austin , Yam Vivian W.-W. , Yang Ying-Wei
Published: August 2020

Valuing diversity leads to scientific excellence, the progress of science and, most importantly, it is simply the right thing to do. We must value diversity not only in words, but also in actions.
Topological defects of dipole patchy particles on a spherical surface
Authors: Lieu Uyen Tu , Yoshinaga Natsuhiko
Published: August 2020

The interplay between the positional order and orientational order of dipole patchy particles on a sphere.
Dendrimicelles with pH-controlled aggregation number of core-dendrimers and stability
Authors: Wang Junyou , Lei Liu , Voets Ilja K. , Cohen Stuart Martien A. , Velders Aldrik H.
Published: August 2020

We present a simple way to build up well-controlled coacervate-core dendrimicelles by assembly of anionic PAMAM dendrimers with a cationic-neutral diblock copolymer.
Molecular packing structure of fibrin fibers resolved by X-ray scattering and molecular modeling
Authors: Jansen Karin A. , Zhmurov Artem , Vos Bart E. , Portale Giuseppe , Hermida-Merino Daniel , Litvinov Rustem I. , Tutwiler Valerie , Kurniawan Nicholas A. , Bras Wim , Weisel John W. , Barsegov Valeri , Koenderink Gijsje H.
Published: August 2020

The blood clotting protein fibrin has extraordinary elastomeric properties due to its hierarchical structure. SAXS is combined with computational molecular modeling, providing insight in fibrin elasticity and guidelines for designing new polymers.
Melt rheology of tadpole-shaped polystyrenes with different ring sizes
Authors: Doi Yuya , Takano Atsushi , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Matsushita Yushu
Published: August 2020

Linear melt rheology of a single-tail tadpole-shaped polystyrene, ST-30/80, having ring and linear sizes ofMR∼ 30 kg mol−1andML∼ 80 kg mol−1, respectively, was examined, and the effect of ring size on the rheological properties was discussed.
Advances in the application of manganese dioxide and its composites as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Tang Yijian , Zheng Shasha , Cao Shuai , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan
Published: August 2020

In this review, research achievements and progresses made with regard to MnO2 and its composites are provided, such as synthesis strategies, crystal structures, and applications in metal–air batteries and water-splitting.
Non-halogenated solvent-processed highly efficient green Ir(iii) complexes with an external quantum efficiency exceeding 23% for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Kumaresan Raja , Maheshwaran Athithan , Park Ho-Yeol , Sung Kyungmin , Choi Jungmin , Cho Woosum , Song Myungkwan , Ahn Sung Il , Jin Sung-Ho
Published: August 2020

High efficiency green phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes with solubilizing groups introduced to enable non-halogenated solvent-based fabrication of PHOLEDs with high EQE and CE values.
Self-assembled metamaterial perfect absorbers at visible wavelengths using core–shell Au@SiO2 meta-atoms
Authors: Zhang Haibin , Li Yaru , Long Xiyu , Luo Jun , Zhang Ying , Song Minwei , Fang Jingzhong , Guan Chunlin , Cheng Yuntao , Liu Hong
Published: August 2020

Design of metamaterial absorbers with near-perfect absorbing properties in the visible region via self-assembly of core–shell Au@SiO2 plasmonic NPs.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole based donor–acceptor π-conjugated copolymers with near-infrared absorption for 532 and 1064 nm nonlinear optical materials
Authors: Liu Zitong , Sun Jibin , Yan Chaoxian , Xie Zheng , Zhang Guanxin , Shao Xiangfeng , Zhang Deqing , Zhou Shuyun
Published: August 2020

Diketopyrrolopyrrole based donor–acceptor π-conjugated copolymers with smaller bandgaps exhibit more excellent broadband (532 and 1064 nm) nonlinear optical responses.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of subchondral bone are negatively regulated by tramadol in osteoarthritis in mice
Authors: Ji Chen-Chen , Liu Bo , Shao Yi-Jie , Liang Ting , Jiang Hua-Ye , Chen Guang-Dong , Luo Zong-Ping
Published: August 2020

Objectives: In the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), tramadol, a common weak opioid, has become popular due to its effectiveness in inhibition of pain. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of tramadol on subchondral bone, especially changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties.

Methods: A mouse model of OA was established in the present study by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). A vehicle or drug was administered for 4 weeks. Specimens were harvested and analyzed radiologically and histologically using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and histological staining to evaluate the knee joints of mice undergoing different forms of intervention.

Results: In the early stages of OA induced by DMM, the subchondral bone volume fraction in the OA group was significantly higher than in the sham+vehicle (sham+veh) group, while the volume in the treatment groups was lower than in the DMM+vehicle (DMM+veh) and sham+veh groups. In addition, the elastic moduli in the treatment groups clearly decreased compared with the DMM+veh and sham+veh groups. Observations of the subchondral bone surface by SEM indicated serious destruction, principally manifesting as a decrease in lacunae and more numerous and scattered cracks. Histological staining demonstrated that there was no difference in the degeneration of either the articular cartilage or synovial cells whether tramadol was used or not.

Conclusion: Although tramadol is effective in inhibiting pain in early OA, it negatively regulates the microstructure and mechanical properties of subchondral bone in joints.
Teaching Vocabulary to Improve Print Knowledge in Preschool Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Lund Emily , Miller Carly , Douglas W. Michael , Werfel Krystal
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this article was to examine evidence that (a) published measures may tap different categories of print knowledge and result in disparate findings in the literature, (b) concept vocabulary knowledge in children with hearing loss may exacerbate deficits in conceptual print knowledge, and (c) concept vocabulary can be taught via direct instruction for preschool children with hearing loss.

Method

In Study 1, an item analysis of published print knowledge measures was performed to determine the prevalence of concept vocabulary in test items. Additionally, the performance on a conceptual print knowledge measure was compared for preschool children with and without hearing loss. In Study 2, four preschool children participated in a multiple probe across behaviors treatment design to determine if concept vocabulary could be explicitly taught to children with hearing loss.

Results

Differences emerged in use of concept vocabulary on test items across the measures, which may explain disparate findings that have been reported in this area. Additionally, children with hearing loss performed lower than children with typical hearing on items that contained concept vocabulary but not on items that did not. Finally, we found initial evidence that direct instruction can improve concept vocabulary for children with hearing loss, and it might not be necessary to separately target each concept category.

Conclusion

This series of studies lays groundwork for future research confirming a connection between conceptual print knowledge and conceptual vocabulary knowledge, and offers evidence for intervention that could be used clinically to teach conceptual vocabulary.
Voracious vortices in cataclysmic variables
Authors: Neustroev V. V. , Zharikov S. V.
Published: August 2020

Context.In Paper I we showed that the accretion disc radius of the dwarf novaHT Casin its quiescent state has not changed significantly during many years of observations. It has remained consistently large, close to the tidal truncation radius. This result is inconsistent with the modern understanding of the evolution of the disc radius through an outburst cycle.

Aims.Spectroscopic observations of HT Cas during its superoutburst offered us an exceptional opportunity to compare the properties of the disc of this object in superoutburst and in quiescence.

Methods.We obtained a new set of time-resolved spectra of HT Cas in the middle of its 2017 superoutburst. We used Doppler tomography to map emission structures in the system, which we compared with those detected during the quiescent state. We used solutions of the restricted three-body problem to discuss again the location of emission structures and the disc size of HT Cas in quiescence.

Results.The superoutburst spectrum is similar in appearance to the quiescent spectra, although the strength of most of the emission lines decreased. However, the high-excitation lines significantly strengthened in comparison with the Balmer lines. Many lines show a mix of broad emission and narrow absorption components. Hαin superoutburst was much narrower than in quiescence. Other emission lines have also narrowed in outburst, but they did not become as narrow as Hα. Doppler maps of Hαin quiescence and of the Hβand He Ilines in outburst are dominated by a bright emission arc at the right side of the tomograms, which is located at and even beyond the theoretical truncation limit. However, the bulk of the Hαemission in outburst has significantly lower velocities.

Conclusions.We show that the accretion disc radius of HT Cas during its superoutburst has become hot but remained the same size as it was in quiescence. Instead, we detected cool gas beyond the Roche lobe of the white dwarf that may have been expelled from the hot disc during the superoutburst.
A study on tidal disruption event dynamics around an Sgr A*-like massive black hole
Authors: Clerici A. , Gomboc A.
Published: August 2020

Context. The number of observed tidal disruption events is increasing rapidly with the advent of new surveys. Thus, it is becoming increasingly important to improve tidal disruption event models using different stellar and orbital parameters.

Aims. We study the dynamical behaviour of tidal disruption events produced by an Sgr A*-like massive black hole by changing different initial orbital parameters, taking into account the observed orbits of S stars. Investigating different types of orbits and penetration factors is important since their variations lead to different timescales of the tidal disruption event debris dynamics, making mechanisms such as self-crossing and pancaking act strongly or weakly and thus affecting the circularisation and accretion disc formation.

Methods. We performed smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. Each simulation consisted of modelling the star with 105 particles, and the density profile is described by a polytrope with γ = 5/3. The massive black hole was modelled with a generalised post-Newtonian potential, which takes into account the relativistic effects of the Schwarzschild space-time.

Results. Our analyses find that mass return rate distributions of solar-like stars and S-like stars with the same eccentricities have similar durations, but S-like stars have higher mass return rate distributions, as expected due to their larger masses. Regarding debris circularisation, we identify four types of evolution related to the mechanisms and processes involved during circularisation: in type 1, the debris does not circularise efficiently, hence a disc is not formed or is formed after a relatively long time; in type 2, the debris slowly circularises and eventually forms a disc with no debris falling back; in type 3, the debris circularises relatively quickly and forms a disc while there is still debris falling back; in type 4, the debris quickly and efficiently circularises, mainly through self-crossings and shocks, and forms a disc with no debris falling back. Finally, we find that the standard relation of circularisation radius rcirc = 2rt holds only for β = 1 and eccentricities close to parabolic.
Observations of edge-on protoplanetary disks with ALMA
Authors: Villenave M. , Ménard F. , Dent W. R. F. , Duchêne G. , Stapelfeldt K. R. , Benisty M. , Boehler Y. , van der Plas G. , Pinte C. , Telkamp Z. , Wolff S. , Flores C. , Lesur G. , Louvet F. , Riols A. , Dougados C. , Williams H. , Padgett D.
Published: August 2020

Aims. We aim to study vertical settling and radial drift of dust in protoplanetary disks from a different perspective: an edge-on view. An estimation of the amplitude of settling and drift is highly relevant to understanding planet formation.

Methods. We analyze a sample of 12 HST-selected edge-on protoplanetary disks (i.e., seen with high inclinations) for which the vertical extent of the emission layers can be constrained directly. We present ALMA high angular resolution continuum images (~0.1′′) of these disks at two wavelengths, 0.89 and 2.06 mm (respectively ALMA bands 7 and 4), supplemented with archival band 6 data (1.33 mm) where available.

Results. Several sources show constant brightness profiles along their major axis with a steep drop at the outer edges. Two disks have central holes with additional compact continuum emission at the location of the central star. For most sources, the millimeter continuum emission is more compact than the scattered light, both in the vertical and radial directions. Six sources are resolved along their minor axis in at least one millimetric band, providing direct information on the vertical distribution of the millimeter grains. For the second largest disk of the sample, Tau 042021, the significant difference in vertical extent between band 7 and band 4 suggests efficient size-selective vertical settling of large grains. Furthermore, the only Class I object in our sample shows evidence of flaring in the millimeter. Along the major axis, all disks are well resolved. Four of them are larger in band 7 than in band 4 in the radial direction, and three have a similar radial extent in all bands. These three disks are also the ones with the sharpest apparent edges (between 80% and 20% of the peak flux, Δr∕r ~ 0.3), and two of them are binaries. For all disks, we also derive the millimeter brightness temperature and spectral index maps. We find that all edge-on disks in our sample are likely optically thick and that the dust emission reveals low brightness temperatures in most cases (brightness temperatures ≤10 K). The integrated spectral indices are similar to those of disks at lower inclination.

Conclusions. The comparison of a generic radiative transfer disk model with our data shows that at least three disks are consistent with a small millimeter dust scale height, of a few au (measured at r = 100 au). This is in contrast with the more classical value of hg ~ 10 au derived from scattered light images and from gas line measurements. These results confirm, by direct observations, that large (millimeter) grains are subject to significant vertical settling in protoplanetary disks.
Ground-based visible spectroscopy of asteroids to support the development of an unsupervisedGaiaasteroid taxonomy
Authors: Cellino A. , Bendjoya Ph. , Delbo’ M. , Galluccio L. , Gayon-Markt J. , Tanga P. , Tedesco E. F.
Published: August 2020

Context.TheGaiamission of the European Space Agency is measuring reflectance spectra of a number to the order of 105small Solar System objects. A first sample will be published in theGaiaData Release scheduled for 2021.

Aims.The aim of our work was to test the procedure developed to obtain taxonomic classifications for asteroids based only onGaiaspectroscopic data.

Methods.We used asteroid spectra obtained using the DOLORES (Device Optimised for the LOw RESolution) instrument, a low-resolution spectrograph and camera installed at the Nasmyth B focus of the Telescopio NazionaleGalileo. Because these spectra have a higher spectral resolution than that typical of theGaiaspectra, we resampled them to more closely match the expectedGaiaspectral resolution. We then developed a cloning algorithm to build a database of asteroid spectra belonging to a variety of taxonomic classes, starting from a set of 33 prototypes chosen from the 50 asteroids in our observing campaign. We used them to generate a simulated population of 10 000 representative asteroid spectra and employed them as the input to the algorithm for taxonomic classification developed to analyzeGaiaasteroid spectra.

Results.Using the simulated population of 10 000 representative asteroid spectra in the algorithm to be used to produce theGaiaasteroid taxonomy at the end of the mission, we found 12 distinct taxonomic classes. Two of them, with 53% of the sample, are dominant. At the other extreme are three classes each with <1% of the sample, and these consist of the previously known rare classes A, D/Ld, and V; 99.1% of the simulated population fall into a single class.

Conclusions.We demonstrated the robustness of our algorithm for taxonomic classification by using a sample of simulated asteroid spectra fully representative of what is expected to be in theGaiaspectroscopic data catalogue for asteroids. Increasingly larger data sets will become available as soon as they are published in the futureGaiadata releases, with the next one coming in 2021. This will be exploited to develop a correspondingly improved taxonomy, likely with minor tweaks to the algorithm described here, as suggested by the results of this preliminary analysis.
Genetic structuring in farmed and wild Gilthead seabream and European seabass in the Mediterranean Sea: implementations for detection of escapees
Authors: Polovina Eirini-Slavka , Kourkouni Evelina , Tsigenopoulos Costas S. , Sanchez-Jerez Pablo , Ladoukakis Emmanuel D.
Published: August 2020

Microsatellite markers were used to investigate the genetic structure of the two most important cultured fish in the Mediterranean Sea, the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), from two (one wild and one farmed) populations in Western Mediterranean (Spain) and from two (one wild and one farmed) populations Eastern Mediterranean (Greece). All populations were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. Interestingly, wild and farmed populations for both species from Greece were genetically differentiated and could be distinguished from each other. We used Bayesian methods for cluster analysis of farmed and wild populations. Our analysis has implications for the identification of escapees from fish farms to the wild.
Analyse typologique et performance productive de la culture du blé dur irrigué en Tunisie
Authors: Mazhoud Houda , Chemak Fraj , Chenoune Roza
Published: August 2020

En Tunisie, la culture de blé dur en irrigué est pratiquée sur une superficie moyenne annuelle de 48 700 ha, soit environ les deux tiers des superficies céréalières conduites en irrigué. Elle produit en moyenne 180 000 t, soit 20 % de la production nationale de blé dur. Cependant, les rendements réalisés restent toujours en dessous des attentes avec une faible productivité, particulièrement celle de la ressource en eau. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce travail est d’élaborer un diagnostic opérationnel de fonctionnement des exploitations céréalières irriguées et de mettre en exergue les principaux leviers d’amélioration des performances de la culture du blé dur. Pour ce faire, des enquêtes de terrain ont été menées auprès d’un échantillon de 698 céréaliculteurs. Les données recueillies ont permis d’élaborer une typologie de fonctionnement et d’analyser les performances de la culture du blé dur. Trois systèmes de production types ont été identifiés : un système monocultural basé sur la culture du blé dur, un système diversifié à orientation céréalière et un système diversifié à orientation maraîchère. L’analyse des performances a révélé une disparité nette entre deux niveaux de performance distincts pour chaque système de production.
Die ICD-11 – Aufbruch der Medizin ins 21. Jahrhundert?
Authors: Bischof Gallus , Fleischmann Heribert
Published: August 2020

Die WHO hat im Juni 2018 nach 11-jähriger Entwicklungsarbeit die
Implementierungsfassung der ICD-11 vorgestellt. Die Codestruktur ist seitdem stabil.
Im Mai 2019 wurde sie auf der 72. Weltgesundheitsversammlung verabschiedet. Sie soll
am 1. Januar 2022 in Kraft treten. Nach einer Übergangsphase von 5 Jahren
ist die Anwendung der neuen Codes für die Morbiditäts- und
Mortalitätsstatistiken verpflichtend 1.
In Feldstudien werden derzeit die Anwendbarkeit geprüft und die
nötigen länderspezifischen Anpassungen vorgenommen. Eine
Übersetzung wird vom DIMDI koordiniert 1.
Identification of amino acids with a diode-based microdevice
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: August 2020

The device, based on a P-I-N trilayer of gallium arsenide combined with a Schottky diode, was able to successfully distinguish a variety of amino acids.
Development of an ion beam measurement instrument for divertor simulation experiments in radio-frequency plasma
Authors: Takahashi Hiroyuki , Okamoto Atsushi , Kitajima Sumio , Tobita Kenji
Published: August 2020

A retarding field analyzer (RFA) that consists of three grids and a collector was developed, and the measurement of an ion beam that passes through plasma was demonstrated. First, a suitable grid potential structure to allow the measurement of an ion beam in plasma was investigated. After this investigation, a helium ion beam was measured without the production of plasma. It was found that the helium ion beam current was significantly overestimated when an unoptimized potential structure was utilized. One probable reason for the overestimation is secondary electron emission. Next, ion beam measurement in low density helium ionizing plasma was conducted. Accompanying the onset of the beam extraction, the collector current clearly increased, which implies that the beam ions penetrated through the plasma and reached the RFA. Subsequently, similar measurements were conducted after the electron density of the helium plasma was changed. Since a nearly identical beam extraction condition was retained, the ion beam current obtained after plasma production was almost constant. However, the ion beam current obtained during plasma production increased as the electron density increased. A calculation of the ion beam envelope indicated that space charge neutralization by bulk electrons could account for the increase in the ion beam current.
Characterizing TES power noise for future single optical-phonon and infrared-photon detectors
Authors: Fink C. W. , Watkins S. L. , Aramaki T. , Brink P. L. , Ganjam S. , Hines B. A. , Huber M. E. , Kurinsky N. A. , Mahapatra R. , Mirabolfathi N. , Page W. A. , Partridge R. , Platt M. , Pyle M. , Sadoulet B. , Serfass B. , Zuber S.
Published: August 2020

In this letter, we present the performance of a 100 μm × 400 μm × 40 nm W Transition-Edge Sensor with a critical temperature of 40 mK. This device has a noise equivalent power of 1.5×10-18 W/Hz, in a bandwidth of 2.6 kHz, indicating a resolution for Dirac delta energy depositions of 40 ± 5 meV (rms). The performance demonstrated by this device is a critical step toward developing a O(100) meV threshold athermal phonon detector for low-mass dark matter searches.
Start-up and cessation of steady shear and extensional flows: Exact analytical solutions for the affine linear Phan-Thien–Tanner fluid model
Authors: Shogin D.
Published: August 2020

Exact analytical solutions for start-up and cessation flows are obtained for the affine linear Phan-Thien–Tanner fluid model. They include the results for start-up and cessation of steady shear flows, of steady uniaxial and biaxial extensional flows, and of steady planar extensional flows. The solutions obtained show that at start-up of steady shear flows, the stresses go through quasi-periodic exponentially damped oscillations while approaching their steady-flow values (so that stress overshoots are present); at start-up of steady extensional flows, the stresses grow monotonically, while at cessation of steady shear and extensional flows, the stresses decay quickly and non-exponentially. The steady-flow rheology of the fluid is also reviewed, the exact analytical solutions obtained in this work for steady shear and extensional flows being simpler than the alternative formulas found in the literature. The properties of steady and transient solutions, including their asymptotic behavior at low and high Weissenberg numbers, are investigated in detail. Generalization to the multimode version of the Phan-Thien–Tanner model is also discussed. Thus, this work provides a complete analytical description of the rheology of the affine linear Phan-Thien–Tanner fluid in start-up, cessation, and steady regimes of shear and extensional flows.
Modified loss separation in FeSi laminations under arbitrary distorted flux
Authors: Zhao Zhigang , Hu Xinjian
Published: August 2020

Accurate iron loss prediction of the laminated transformer cores becomes vital for efficiency improvement and thermal optimization. In this paper, an investigation of the frequency dependence of the excess loss is carried out. The excess loss, which is mostly influenced by the domain motion and relaxation of dynamic magnetizing, is proposed to obey a new nonlinear function of the magnetizing frequency. Two excess loss factors are defined to describe the effect of frequency on dynamic excess magnetizing. A modified piecewise hysteresis loss model is proposed to represent the influence of domain rotation under a strong applied field. Then, a modified loss separation model is proposed under the sinusoidal flux. Furthermore, a correction factor of hysteresis loss is introduced to improve the modified model to predict the harmonic loss, considering the influence of the distorted flux on the hysteresis loss. In this case, the total energy loss can be modeled with a sufficient accuracy even under conditions that the statistical theory of loss is not applicable.
Homogeneous isotropic turbulence in four spatial dimensions
Authors: Berera A. , Ho R. D. J. G. , Clark D.
Published: August 2020

Direct numerical simulation is performed for the forced Navier–Stokes equation in four spatial dimensions. Well equilibrated, long time runs at sufficient resolution were obtained to reliably measure spectral quantities, the velocity derivative skewness, and the dimensionless dissipation rate. Comparisons to corresponding two- and three-dimensional results are made. Energy fluctuations are measured, and the results show a clear reduction moving from three to four dimensions. The dynamics show simplifications in four dimensions with a picture of increased forward energy transfer resulting in an extended inertial range with a smaller Kolmogorov scale. This enhanced forward transfer is linked to our finding of increased dissipative anomaly and velocity derivative skewness.
Topologically projective, injective and flat modules of harmonic analysis
Authors: Nemesh N. T.
Published: August 2020

We study homologically trivial modules of harmonic analysis on a locally compact group

. For

- and

-modules

,

and

we give criteria for metric and topological projectivity, injectivity and flatness. In most cases, modules with these properties must be finite-dimensional.

Bibliography: 18 titles.
Two purity theorems and the Grothendieck-Serre conjecture concerning principal

-bundles
Authors: Panin I. A.
Published: August 2020

The main results of the paper are two purity theorems for reductive group schemes over regular local rings containing a field. Using these two theorems a well-known Grothendieck-Serre conjecture on principal bundles is reduced to the simply-connected case. We point out that the mentioned reduction is one of the major steps in the proof of the conjecture that the author published in another work.

Bibliography: 25 titles.
Expanding the comparative view
Authors: Solleveld Floris
Published: August 2020

Wilhelm von Humboldt’sÜber die Kawi-Sprache auf der Insel Javacan be seen as the first comparative grammar of non-Indo-European languages. While Humboldt’s practice of collecting and re-assembling linguistic information has been documented extensively in the Berlin Academy edition of hisSchriften zur Sprachwissenschaft,this article puts his work in perspective by tracing it back to its sources and treating it as part of a wider parallel process of expanding the comparative view. In three sections, this article discusses (1) the research agendas of the three British colonial scholars upon whose works Humboldt drew for Malayan languages; (2) to which extent his Polynesian language material was ‘rawer’ than these compendia; and (3) how he reworked this material into a comparative Malayo-Polynesian grammar. Finally, a comparison is drawn with the work of his assistant and continuator Eduard Buschmann, and with Horatio Hale’s slightly later survey of the languages of the Pacific.