bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthèse d'acides gras hydroxamiques (FHA) à partir d'huile de noix de coco en utilisant la lipase comme catalyseur
Authors: Henri Macandal
Published: January 2022

La communication sociale utilise le langage verbal et non verbal. Nous avons examiné le degré de confiance et d'activité cérébrale lorsque les expressions verbales et faciales sont incongrues. Quatorze volontaires sains ont visionné des photographies de 8 personnes avec des expressions agréables (sourire) ou désagréables (dégoût) seules ou combinées à une expression verbale [positive/négative]. Comme indice du degré de confiance, on a demandé aux sujets d'offrir un don lorsqu'on leur a dit que la personne sur la photo était en difficulté financière. Les émotions positives et le degré de confiance ont été évalués à l'aide de l'échelle visuelle analogique (EVA). Les potentiels liés aux événements (ERP) ont été obtenus à 170-240 ms après avoir visionné les photographies. L'activité cérébrale dans des conditions incongrues a été localisée à l'aide de la tomographie électromagnétique cérébrale à basse résolution standardisée (sLORETA). Les scores EVA pour la condition × sourire positif étaient significativement plus élevés que ceux pour les autres conditions (< 0,05). Le don offert était significativement plus faible pour l'incongruence entre les expressions verbales et faciales, en particulier pour la condition de × sourire négatif. L'EEG a montré plus d'activité dans le lobe pariétal avec des conditions incongrues qu'avec des conditions congruentes. L'incongruence [négatif × sourire] a suscité l'émotion, le degré de confiance et la quantité d'offre les moins positifs. Nos résultats indiquent que des informations sensorielles incongrues augmentent l'activité dans le lobe pariétal, ce qui peut être une base de mentalisation.
Primavera árabe: el islam en la revolución política y el desarrollo de Oriente Medio
Authors: Amir Sadra
Published: January 2022

Los movimientos sociales que estuvieron presentes durante la Primavera Árabe han causado conmoción política en los países de Oriente Medio. A partir de Túnez, la revolución se extendió a los países vecinos, a saber, Egipto, Libia y Siria. Presente en medio de una religión y cultura islámicas prominentes, el objetivo de la revolución es llevar la democracia a los sistemas de gobierno de países que llevan mucho tiempo en un sistema de autocracia, pero hasta ahora la democracia con el Islam a menudo se ha considerado incompatible entre sí. , especialmente en países con valores islámicos profundamente arraigados. Este artículo se centra en el uso de los valores islámicos en el movimiento de la sociedad civil global que tiene lugar en la Primavera Árabe. Repasando la revolución en una macro, el principal argumento del autor es que la Primavera Árabe se convirtió en una fase que le dio al Islam un cierto grado de flexibilidad hacia la democracia y trajo la democracia al mundo árabe. Este artículo genera la conclusión de que el detonante de la revolución no se debió a cuestiones religiosas, los manifestantes que se sumaron no eran cien por cien musulmanes, y el tema exigido no estaba relacionado con la vida religiosa del pueblo, sino que el Islam, si su valores o prácticas religiosas, no pudieron separarse en la organización de las masas durante la revolución..
Caminos en línea, trabajadores migrantes digitales: del empoderamiento al seguimiento de las huellas digitales de los refugiados
Authors: Eric Charles
Published: January 2022

El texto estudia cómo la digitalidad y las rutas de los refugiados se cruzan al centrarse en los conceptos de »migrantes conectados y las huellas digitales de las rutas de los refugiados en los espacios transnacionales. El teléfono inteligente es un significante clave del refugiado de hoy, y la posesión de uno es cuestionada por las políticas gubernamentales de legitimación y las percepciones de la opinión pública sobre lo que constituye un refugiado genuino. Estos pasan por alto la compleja cuestión de los derechos digitales y la integración de la migración en la fluidez del mundo posmoderno. Por tanto, el texto trata de la ambivalencia del mundo digital, que no es solo una relación unidireccional de empoderamiento, sino que también conlleva el riesgo de un control total sobre el cuerpo de un refugiado. Establecemos que se ha producido un cambio importante en las políticas europeas, uno más visible en el proceso de borrar los rastros electrónicos de los refugiados en movimiento y el regreso ilegal de los refugiados al país anterior en su camino, los llamados retrocesos.
Modelling and Forecasting of Tea Production, Consumption and Export in Bangladesh
Authors: Arefeen Mila Farhana , Noorunnahar Mst , Nahar Ashrafun , Chandra Acharjee Debasish , Tania Parvin Mst , J. Culas Richard
Published: January 2022

Bangladesh is the world’s 9th largest tea producer and the tea industry is a major contributor to the country’s economy. In order to provide information about the demand, supply and foreign trade of tea in the future, forecasting plays a vital role in adjusting the gaps and formulating policy. Taking all of this into account, this study aims at modelling and forecasting tea production, consumption and export in Bangladesh using ARIMA modelling for the period of 2019 to 2028. Forty-seven years of time-series data from 1972 to 2018 were obtained from the Bangladesh Tea Board. Forecasts were computed on the basis of models that were selected using three important information criteria such as Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), Schwarz's Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Correction for Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC). The study identified that the best-fitting models were ARIMA (0, 1, 0), ARIMA (0, 2, 2) and ARIMA (1, 1, 2) for tea production, consumption and export, respectively. Forecasting showed an upward trend for tea production from 83.40 to 94.88 million kg and consumption from 94.35 to 131.71 million kg over the period of 2019 to 2028. On the contrary, the forecast for tea exports shows a decreasing trend. Such forecast results indicate that the government should immediately take action to accelerate the growth of the tea industry in Bangladesh. Otherwise, the economic development of the country will be hampered by reduced export earnings while relying on imports to meet the domestic demand.
The Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles in Ag/Ag2O Composites Synthesized by Oxygen Plasma Treatment of Silver Thin Films
Authors: Kayed Kamal , Mansour Ghaytha
Published: January 2022

In this work, Ag/Ag2O composites were synthesized by treating silver thin films manufactured by thermal evaporation method with oxygen plasma afterglow. In order to verify the antibacterial behavior of these composites, inhibition zone tests were realized for Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that individual silver nanoparticles at concentrations that can be controlled by the stoichiometric ratios of the Ag/Ag2O composites, were the main factor in the inhibition of bacteria. In addition, we found that the degree of degradation of individual silver nanoparticles absorption peaks represented a suitable criterion for determining the bacterial inhibition activity of the prepared silver oxide films. The results also showed that the sample treated at 1000 watts gave the highest rate of bacterial inhibition. This research includes an attempt to correlate the bacterial inhibition activity of silver oxide thin films with the structural and spectroscopic properties of these films.
Ensino de Função Afim através da Resolução de Problemas: Uma Intervenção no Ensino Médio
Authors: De Mello Adalgisa Loureiro de Mello , Aparecida Amorin Colombo Janecler
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo é recorte de uma pesquisa, concluída em 2018 e vinculada ao Mestrado Profissional em Rede Nacional (PROFMAT), ofertado pela Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) - campus Pato Branco, tendo objeto da abordagem uma proposta de ensino de Função Afim com base na Metodologia de Ensino-Aprendizagem-Avalição através da Resolução de Problemas. Para tanto, fez-se uma adaptação da proposta de Onuchic e Allevato (2011), compactando as dez etapas das autoras em quatro momentos. Para o desenvolvimento da proposta, elaborou-se um “Problema Gerador” baseado em situações relacionadas ao curso Técnico em Serviços Jurídicos do IFPR - Campus Palmas, no qual a intervenção pedagógica foi realizada, especificamente em uma turma de 1 ano. A pesquisa teve cunho qualitativo e buscou verificar a percepção dos alunos frente ao encaminhamento diferenciado das aulas em relação ao conteúdo trabalhado. Os dados coletados foram analisados conforme a triangulação de métodos (GOMES, 2010). Os resultados revelaram que os alunos aderiram ao trabalho de forma positiva; quanto à aprendizagem, foi tida como satisfatória, considerando uma única exposição da metodologia. Além disso, constatou-se uma mudança de postura da professora pesquisadora e da grande maioria dos alunos diante da proposta aplicada, com quesitos fundamentais para instigar a autonomia e a motivação do educando. Ademais, a proposta desenvolvida é apresentada como um protótipo que pode ser aproveitada e utilizada por outros docentes que demonstrarem interesse em conhecer e aplicar a Metodologia de Ensino-Aprendizagem-Avaliação através da Resolução de Problemas.
Formação Continuada de Professores: Parceria entre Profmat, Educação Infantil e Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Nascimento Ana Maria Porto , Rocha Arthur do Amaral , Santos Fabiana Alves dos , Ramos Priscila Santos
Published: January 2022

Este artigo registra a releitura dos resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado do Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional (Profmat), a fim de identificar as contribuições para a formação continuada dos professores da Educação Infantil e Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental que ocorreu por meio da parceria entre a pós-graduação e a Educação Básica. A pesquisa investigou como professores atuantes nesses segmentos exploram tópicos de Estatística em suas práticas pedagógicas.  Adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa e os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 13 alfabetizadoras que atuaram, no ano de 2020, no I e II Período da Educação Infantil, e nas classes do 1º ao 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Os instrumentos de pesquisa foram análise do eixo Estatística na BNCC; encontros com as professoras via Google Meet; seleção de situações no livro didático; elaboração e desenvolvimento de aulas. A releitura dos resultados discutidos na dissertação indica que a pesquisa, realizada no Curso de Mestrado, constituiu-se como formação pedagógica do mestrando e integrou-se à formação matemática, proporcionada pelo Profmat; a visão do mestrando sobre a atividade profissional do professor que atua na Educação Básica foi ampliada; o trabalho do mestrando como coordenador pedagógico da área de Matemática foi aperfeiçoado; a pesquisa configurou-se como atividade de formação continuada para as professoras e uniu a Universidade e a escola de Educação Básica. A ação das professoras formadoras do Profmat, ao orientar a pesquisa e refletir sobre os impactos na formação do mestrando e na formação continuada dos professores, provocou uma sensibilização e motivou a continuidade do trabalho em parceria com os professores da Educação Básica.
Pengaruh Penerapan Sistem Akuntansi Penerimaan dan Pengeluaran Kas Berbasis PHP dan MySQL terhadap Kualitas Nilai Informasi Pelaporan Keuangan
Authors: Ramdani Abdul
Published: January 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of the use of the accounting system for cash income and expenditure, which is reviewed based on human resources, data sources, and usage information on the value quality of financial reporting information. This research is a quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The population in this study were micro-entrepreneurs in the city of Sorong. The sample in this study was 36 respondents. The data used in this study are primary data collected through direct questionnaire surveys. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study with multiple linear regression analysis show that the use of the accounting system for cash income and expenditure based on PHP and MySQL, which in terms of human resources, data sources, and usage information has a positive and significant effect on the quality of the value of financial reporting information on micro-enterprises in the city of Sorong.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS DAN RASIO PASAR TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PT BANK MANDIRI TBK PERIODE 2010 - 2020
Authors: Permada Dewi Nari Ratih , Aprianti Ajeng Nur
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Return on Asset (ROA) dan Earning Per Share (EPS) terhadap Harga Saham pada PT Bank Mandiri Tbk periode 2010-2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda dan koefisien determinasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian besarnya pengaruh Return On Asset (ROA) dan Earning Per Share (EPS) secara keseluruhan terhadap harga saham sebesar 67,1%. Sedangkan sedangkan sisanya sebesar 32,8% adalah pengaruh faktor-faktor lain. Uji hipotesis secara simultan Return On Asset dan Earning Per Share berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham. Sedangkan secara parsial Return On Asset dan Earning Per Share berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham.
ANALISIS FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PREFERENSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEGADAIAN SYARIAH
Authors: Arifin Samsul , Al Farisi Muhammad Salman , Herawati Ermi
Published: January 2022

Pencapaian pertumbuhan bisnis pegadaian syariah dari sisi penyaluran pembiayaan ataukredit yang diberikan dan outstanding pembiayaan serta pendapatan sewa modal (ijaroh)dari Tahun 2008 sampai dengan Tahun 2012 serta pertumbuhan pegadaian syariahmengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan dibandingkan dengan pegadaian konvensional.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa faktor-faktor yangmempengaruhi preferensi masyarakat dalam memilih lembaga pegadaian syariah. Penelitianini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif, yaitu penelitian yang melihat pengaruh antarvariabel. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Kota Bekasi, Bogor, dan Depok.Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner dan studi dokumentasi.Metode analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif dan metode kuantitaif yaitu denganAnalisis Regresi Linear Berganda yang digunakan untuk menganalisis preferensi masyarakatKota Bekasi, Bogor, dan Depok dalam memilih lembaga pegadaian syariah. Hasil analisismenunjukkan bahwa preferensi masyarakat terhadap Pegadaian Syariah dipengaruhi secarasignifikan oleh faktor prinsip, kepercayaan, pelayanan, harga, tempat serta promosi.Pelayanan merupakan faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi preferensi masyarakat terhadappegadaian syariah
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Tommindo Sinar Mulia di Jakarta
Authors: Mannan Abdul
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Tommindo Sinar Mulia di Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan sampel sebanyak 87 responden. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis statistik dengan pengujian regresi, korelasi, determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini variabel budaya organisasi diperoleh nilai rata-rata skor sebesar 3,413 dengan kriteria baik. Variabel kinerja karyawan diperoleh nilai rata-rata skor sebesar 3,794 dengan kriteria baik. Budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai persamaan regresi Y = 11,046 + 0,795X, dan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,759 atau memiliki tingkat hubungan yang kuat dengan nilai determinasi 57,6%. Uji  hipotesis diperoleh signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT VICTORY CHINGLUH INDONESIA DIVISI QUALITY
Authors: Tarwijo Tarwijo , Fatmawati Dini , Priatna Isep Amas
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Victory Chingluh Indonesia Divisi Quality. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode asosiatif. Analisis data menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi, analisis koefisien korelasi, analisis koefisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Victory Chingluh Indonesia Divisi Quality dengan persamaan regresi Y = 7,374 + 0,230X1 + 0,628X2. Hasil penelitian secara simultan diketahi dengan uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai F hitung > F tabel atau (65,719 > 2,760). Dengan demikian H0 ditolak dan H3 diterima.
De oprichting 2.0, oftewel de digitale oprichting van de BV
Authors: van der Weele J.
Published: January 2022

De oprichting 2.0, oftewel de digitale oprichting van de BV

Op grond van Europese regelgeving moet het binnenkort mogelijk zijn een BV door middel van een elektronische notariële akte op te richten. Een fysieke bijeenkomst bij de notaris is dan in beginsel niet meer nodig. In de Wna wordt een nieuwe titel Va toegevoegd, waarin deze elektronische akte wordt geïntroduceerd.
‘Plaats uw BV in het digitale winkelmandje.’ Op naar de online oprichting
Authors: Brzezinski M.C.
Published: January 2022

‘Plaats uw BV in het digitale winkelmandje.’ Op naar de online oprichting

Op grond van een EU-richtlijn wordt het mogelijk om een BV volledig online op te richten. Ondernemers kunnen dan op een digitaal passeerplatform met elektronische handtekeningen een elektronische notariële akte van oprichting ondertekenen bij de notaris. De auteur bespreekt het proces volgens het in de zomer van 2021 geconsulteerde conceptwetsvoorstel.
Stump appendicitis – a systematic analysis
Authors: Salati Sajad Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Aim: The study was conducted to analyze stump appendicitis which is a long-term complication of appendectomy – the otherwise commonest general surgical procedure conducted in the world.

 Methods: 48 cases included from 36 articles published in the peer reviewed journals of repute were evaluated for eight variables including: (I) age of the patient, (II) gender, (III]) duration of symptoms, (IV) imaging, (V) interval time since initial operation, (VI) details of initial operation, (VII) management, (VIII) stump length if managed by operation.

  Results: 48 cases (27 males and 19 females) ranging in age from 2 to 72 years reported after a wide range of time (3 days – 46 years) after primary appendectomy. The duration of symptoms ranged from 1 day to 7 months. As many as 31 (64.5%) cases had inflamed stump appendix whereas 17 (33.5%) had perforation. Twenty-one (43.7%) had undergone laparoscopic primary appendectomy and 27 (56.3%) had undergone open appendectomy. Management of the retained stump included stump appendectomy in 42 (87.5%), right hemicolectomy in 2 (4.2%) and conservative in 4 (8.3%) cases. In the 44 cases managed by surgical intervention, the approach was open in 27 (61.4%) and laparoscopic in 17 (38.6%) cases. The length of the retained appendix stump ranged from 0.5 cm to 6.5 cm (mean 2.14 cm).

 Conclusion: Stump appendicitis is an entity that a physician needs to suspect if a patient reports with features of appendicitis even after appendectomy had been conducted. Management is generally surgical and aimed at removal of the retained appendiceal stump.
The dynamics and direction of structural changes in agriculture of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship
Authors: Zaród Jadwiga
Published: January 2022

Polish accession to the European Union and including Polish agriculture to the Common Agricultural Policy has contributed to a numerous of social and structural transformations. The Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship did not avoid specialization, the technological advancement or modernization of farms. Indicators of changes in the dynamics and structure and functions of trends allow to analyze transformations. The use of these research methods allow to trace the transformations in agriculture after 2004 and their development trends. The purpose of this article is to study the direction of the changes taking place in farms of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship after Polish accession to the European Union.
The beginnings of Jerzy Spława-Neyman’s scientific work
Authors: Domański Czesław
Published: January 2022

The work of Jerzy Spława-Neyman related to the estimation and the statistical hypotheses verification theories (developed in cooperation with Egon Pearson) as well as his mathematical analysis of the sampling theory (which pointed to the unjustified application of target sampling instead of random sampling) all contributed to the fast progress of mathematical statistics and the adoption of technical sampling in the past century. We are remembering this distinguished statistician on his 40th death anniversary, which falls in 2021. The aim of the article is to present Spława-Neyman’s scientific achievements, mainly from the period of his residence in Poland (1921–1938). His contemporary body of work continues to inspire ever-new generations of statisticians all around the world.
Lærernes stemme om det uuttalte muntlighetskonstruktet: «Muntlighet – kompetansen som blir tatt forgitt»
Authors: Kaldahl Anne-Grete
Published: January 2022

Denne studien undersøker hva lærere forstår som god muntlighet (tale- og lytte­kompetanse samt kroppsspråk) i og på tvers av fag, samt lærernes oppfatninger om egne forutsetninger for å undervise og vurdere muntlighet. Bakteppet er den norske lære­planen hvor muntlighet er en av de fem grunnleggende kompetansene som skal læres og vurderes på tvers av fagene. Vurderingsplanen for denne grunnleggende kom­petansen ble imidlertid ikke revidert samtidig med læreplanen; dermed ble ansvaret for vurderingen lagt på hver enkelt lærer. For å avdekke begrunnelsene bak lærernes uttrykte konseptualisering, undervisning og vurdering av muntlighet, ble en retorisk-topologisk analyse av kvalitative intervjuer med ni tiendeklasselærere på ungdoms­trinnet utført. Funnene indikerer at lærerne synes arbeidet med muntlighet i klasse­rommet er utfordrende siden de opplever å ha lite eller ingen utdannelse i undervisning og vurdering av muntlighet å støtte seg til. Lærere verdsetter muntlighet, som har fagspesifikke egenskaper og som samtidig innebærer konsistente trekk på tvers av fagområder. Resultatene viser at lærerne er fremtidsorienterte og fremmer elevenes evne til å uttrykke seg i et trygt læringsmiljø som er et springbrett til myndighet, livsmestring, kritisk tenkning, demokrati og retorisk medborgerskap.
Static Analysis Tools Applied to Smart Contracts
Authors: Staderini Mirko , Pataricza András , Bondavalli Andrea
Published: January 2022

Smart contracts are one of the most important innovations of the second generation of the Blockchain. They are widely used in various contexts, including financial, insurance, gaming, and betting. Once a smart contract is deployed on a Blockchain, due to its code immutability, residual vulnerabilities cannot be patched. Static analysis is an efficient method for vulnerability detection. This paper addresses the security evaluation and improvement of Solidity smart contracts through the use of static analysis tools, discussing: (i) the motivation and background, (ii) the evaluation of how good the tools are for improving security, (iii) their combination, and (iv) main results.
On the use of ontology-based integration architecture in Cemaden’s Natural Disaster Observational Network
Authors: Ivo André A. S. , Ribeiro Sheila G. , Mattiello-Francisco Fatima , Ishibashi Rogério
Published: January 2022

This paper describes a study performed in the Brazilian governmental center, named Cemaden, responsible to monitor natural disasters and sending alerts to the vulnerable community involved. The target of our study is the complex architecture of Cemaden’s Observational Network. It comprises constituent systems (CS) provided by other partners organisms, which operation and maintenance are out of Cemaden con trolling. The correct functioning of those heterogeneous CSs represents a major challenge in this type of system. Thus the comprehension of dependability issues regarding the information flow in the integration of the CSs is essential. Our study compares the current integration architecture based on syntax rules with the use of an ontology-based integration. The advantages of the proposed architecture are discussed in a case study.
Evidence of equivalence between two groups: Implementation and visualization with EAGC
Authors: Lindel M. , Berwanger D. , Eggart M. , Lindel P. , Kleiner W.
Published: January 2022

Tests of hypotheses differences are often applied to come to conclusions in the field of physical education research, for example in the context of intervention or evaluation designs. If the result shows no significance, the outcome is comparability of two groups. This procedure, however, opposes the test logic based on the difference hypotheses test and leads to unacceptable interpretations of deviances or misconceptions. Thus, an alternative concept is presented as a viable replacement for the difference hypotheses test. This concept allows for clear evidence of equivalence between two groups according to the right test logic. Generally, the confidence interval inclusion method/TOST (Two One-Sided t-Test) is applied as a valid procedure to generate proof of equivalence of two groups. A fictitious example from research in physical education is selected to introduce the TOST method. First, the theoretical computation approach will be presented. Then, this approach will be applied in a software tool, followed by the application description of the Equivalence And Groups Comparison (EAGC) software.
Melasma: Update on Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Assessment, and Scoring
Authors: Majid Imran , Aleem Samia
Published: January 2022

: Melasma is a common dermatosis, presenting as ill-defined light to dark brown pigmentation of photo-exposed areas, most commonly the face. Its exact prevalence is unknown, but it is commoner in intermediate skin phototypes and women of reproductive age. Its treatment and monitoring have significance due to its chronic recalcitrant history and psychosocial impact. Various indices and tools like the melasma area and severity Index (MASI), melasma severity index (MSI), and Melasma Quality of Life Scale (MELASQoL) have been formulated for measuring severity and treatment response. In this review, particular emphasis has been laid on melasma's epidemiological and clinical aspects and its assessment and scoring.
Comfortable Satisfaction Before the Court of Arbitration for Sport: Consistency Despite Differences?
Authors: Provazník Patrik
Published: January 2022

The Court of Arbitration for Sport’s privileged position lends considerable authority to its adjudication practice, which gives rise to a number of principles that are subsequently adopted into general applica-tion. One of these principles is the standard of proof referred to as “comfortable satisfaction”. Howe-ver, its application raises several theoretical and practical issues. An analysis of publicly available awards shows that there are different approaches to this standard across arbitral panels, which, in the eyes of theory, considerably affect the process of evidence. This contribution therefore seeks to present these different approaches against the backdrop of an analysis of available awards and academic deba-tes, and to answer the question of whether these differences, translated into practice, cause inconsis-tencies within decision-making practice.
Challenges of Arbitrators in Inter-State Cases: A Different Cattle of Fish?
Authors: Zhang Kaiqiang
Published: January 2022

Compared to those in international commercial and investment arbitration, arbitrator-challenge practi-ces in inter-state cases are abnormally rare. The reasons behind the asymmetric practices include the ideology towards the role of arbitrators (authority vs. expertise), the effectiveness of enforcement (whether the award can be executed in domestic courts or whether there exist preconditions), and the unique structure and function of the specific tribunals. By virtue of illustrating the rules and practi-ces of the ad hoc tribunal established under Annex VII of the United States Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, and the International Court of Justice, the current standard, “justifiable doubts to the impartiality and independence of arbitrators”, is not interpreted uniformly and somehow unreasonable. To overcome the phenomenon of fragmentation and other problems, the arbitrator-challenge rules in inter-state disputes should not be treated differently and should be harmonized with rules and case laws developed in international commercial and investment arbitration.
Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese adolescents
Authors: Ha Jaewook , Oh Ye-Rim , Kang Eungu , Nam Hyo-Kyoung , Rhie Young-Jun , Lee Kee-Hyoung
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The prevalence of adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has rapidly increased in Korea over the past few decades with the increase in the number of obese adolescents. The single point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) was recently introduced as a surrogate marker for insulin sensitivity to predict T2DM in adults. We aimed to determine risk factors for T2DM in obese adolescents, including SPISE.Methods: This retrospective study included 104 adolescents diagnosed with T2DM at Korea University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2020. We compared clinical and biochemical parameters and the SPISE of normoglycemic overweight and obese individuals with those of prediabetic and diabetic adolescents to determine risk factors for T2DM. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed with the Youden index to determine the cutoff point of SPISE.Results: Frequency of fatty liver and family history of T2DM were significantly higher and SPISE level was significantly lower in patients with T2DM than in normoglycemic overweight/obese and prediabetic adolescents (p<0.01). A family history of T2DM, fatty liver, and SPISE value below the cutoff point (4.49) were identified as significant risk factors for T2DM in multiple logistic regression analysis after controlling for age, sex, and body mass index standard deviation score (p<0.01).Conclusion: Family history of T2DM, fatty liver, and low SPISE (<4.49) are risk factors that can independently affect the occurrence of T2DM in obese adolescents. Among these risk factors, SPISE is a promising marker for predicting adolescent T2DM; careful monitoring of these individuals is needed to prevent progression to T2DM.
Forsynet, giftermålspolitikken og døden i leilighetsdiktningen til Københavns boktrykker-klan Godiche, Høpffner, Berling og Møller
Authors: Baumgartner Walter
Published: January 2022

Walter Baumgartner: Forsynet, giftermålspolitikken og dødeni leilighetsdiktningen til Københavns boktrykker-klan Godiche, Høpffner,Berling og Møller

At the beginning of the eighteenth century four of the most important publishinghouses in Copenhagen were owned by a clan of printers that included immigrantsfrom Germany: Høpffner, Godiche, Berling and Glasing/Møller. My case study examinesthe occasional poetry written for weddings, apprentices’ final examinationsand bereavements. This genre, which has always been considered as of little value, ishere taken seriously, with its roots in baroque rhetoric and poetics. It is accorded anaesthetic value and various social and identity-building functions. This is utilitarianpoetry (Gebrauchslyrik) for the prosperous artisan class, which circulated privately orsemi-publicly in the form of elaborately designed single sheets or small booklets. Theauthors were often students or poets who wanted to earn some money. In addition tothe explicit content, symptomatic gaffes and omissions shed light on facts and problemsconcerning ‘das ganze Haus’, the (consanguineous) marriage, the succession, religionand the breaking down of the guild system. The baroque repertoire of topoi and formssoon became inadequate to deal with more recent social and aesthetic developments,and occasional poetry gradually declined after 1800.
Hvad blev der af Julemandshæren? Om arkivering af flygtige scenekunstformer
Authors: Lawaetz Anna
Published: January 2022

Anna Lawaetz: Whatever Happened to the Santa Claus Army?On Archiving Ephemeral Theatre Forms

Since the 1960s there has been a paradigm shift in the theatre towards a post-dramatictheatre, in which the playtext is not the most important basis for the staging but is partof an interplay with other parameters such as visuals, sound, and movement. This poseschallenges to traditional archival strategies that rely on the playtext. New collectionstrategies are required to ensure this cultural heritage is preserved.This study takes as its starting point a work that goes beyond the unities of action,time and place and challenges the collection strategies the most: The Santa Claus Army(Julemandshæren) by the theatre group Solvognen (1968‑83). The performance tookplace over five days in the Copenhagen area in December 1974, and was included inthe Cultural Canon in 2006 as an important contribution to Danish culture. The studyexamines only records preserved at The Royal Danish Library due to the legal depositact, as the Special Collection Department made no further acquisitions. Two sources areidentified in the study: first, contemporary and subsequent recollections, and second,works based on material from The Santa Claus Army that paraphrase the original. Thestudy compares the so-called repertoire, the oral narrative of the event, and the archivalrecords and highlights the differences. It furthermore shows how the re-staging of thework in 2006 by a younger artist is based mainly on the so call repertoire.The Santa Claus Army is well documented, although no playtext was collected. Theperformance is unfortunately not representative as Solvognen systematically used themedia to promote and enlarge their work. The main scoop of this study is that itshows how Solvognen are over-represented in contemporary and later media coveragethrough the legal deposit act compared to other theatre groups in the 1970s. This callsfor reflections on collection strategies. A revision of the legal deposit act is proposedas well as archival strategies known from other performing arts archives.
De Nordiske Covid 19 hjælpepakker og atypisk beskæftigede: erfaringer med universelle og målrettede tiltag
Authors: Larsen Trine P. , Ilsøe Anna
Published: January 2022

De nordiske regeringer har, ligesom de øvrige europæiske lande, lanceret en række hjælpepakker med henblik på hjælpe virksomheder og beskæftigede under coronakrisen. Artiklen undersøger, hvordan og hvem de nordiske hjælpepakker dækker på arbejdsmarkedet. Analytisk trækkes der på velfærds- og segmenteringslitteraturen, og vi antager, at karakteren af hjælpepakkerne i de enkelte nordiske lande – dvs. universelle og målrettede hjælpepakker –bidrager til, at bestemte grupper kan have nemmere eller sværere ved at få del i ordningerne, hvormed hjælpepakkernes udformning implicit bidrager til en institutionel forankret (u)lighed. Vi finder, at Island, Norge og Finland i højere grad har trukket på universelle hjælpepakker, der synes at favne flere atypisk beskæftigede og implicit i deres udformning bidrage til lighed. Danmark og Sverige har derimod i større udstrækning anvendt målrettede hjælpepakker, der fremstår mindre inkluderende, men ofte mere generøse end de øvrige nordiske lande.
Køn og ulighed i adgangen til ledelsespositioner for velfærdsprofessionerne
Authors: Frederiksen Jan Thorhauge , Poulsen Simone Mejding
Published: January 2022

Adgangen til ledelsesstillinger er i mange brancher lettere, hvis man er mand, tilhører den etniske majoritet, eller er vokset op i middelklassen eller overklassen. Denne artikel undersøger, om det samme gør sig gældende i velfærdsprofessionerne, der udgør en karrierevej for kvinder, arbejderklasse, og etniske minoriteter og hvor det professionelle ethos er associeret med kvindelighed. Artiklens undersøger om eksisterende dominansforhold inden for køn reproduceres i det velfærdsprofessionelle arbejde gennem ulige adgang til ledelsespositioner, om denne adgang intersekterer med klasse og etnicitet, og om denne adgang har ændret sig for disse grupper i perioden 1980-2020? Dette undersøges for fire kohorter af velfærdsprofessionelle, nemlig samtlige, der færdiggjorde en velfærdsprofessionel uddannelse i hhv. 1980, 1990, 2000 og 2010. Analysen hviler på mikrodata om socioøkonomisk baggrund for de professionelle, og deres professionelle karrierer. Analyserne gennemføres med logistisk regression og viser, at mænd og højere klassepositioner har privilegeret adgang til ledelsesstillinger, med højere sandsynlighed for mænd, og for middel- og overklasserne. Noget tilsvarende er tilfældet for etniske majoritetspersoner, men da den etniske minoritetspopulation i data er meget lille, fortolkes dette som et udtryk for social lukning ved rekruttering til professionerne, og ikke til ledelse.
Políticas públicas de Governo e de Estado - uma distinção pouco complexa: necessidade de diferenciação entre modelos decisórios, arranjos institucionais e objetivos de políticas públicas de Governo e Estado
Authors: Bitencourt Caroline Müller , Reck Janriê Rodrigues
Published: January 2022

A distinção política pública de Estado e de Governo é uma distinção consagrada no campo da Ciência Política. A utilização dessa distinção tem por finalidade designar políticas que devem possuir mais (ou menos) estabilidade assim como apontar a necessidade de atravessamento de governos por meio do planejamento, combinado com certo valor de superioridade de um interesse geral sobre particulares. Este baixo valor de designação leva ao problema regente deste trabalho: a distinção política pública de Governo/Estado é insuficiente e, se for o caso, que categorias podem ser úteis para a observação do fenômeno das políticas públicas? Sobre essa problematização, formula-se a hipótese de que a distinção de políticas públicas de Governo e de Estado é insuficiente e que a solução reside na observação de pelo menos pelo menos três eixos de distinção mínimos e possíveis, a saber, os arranjos institucionais, os modelos decisórios e os objetivos das políticas públicas, as quais podem ser de Governo e de Estado. A justificativa reside na necessidade de aumento da complexidade das observações sobre as políticas públicas, dada a utilidade da divisão para os fins de seu controle. A metodologia utilizada é a hipotético-dedutiva e a técnica de procedimento é a bibliográfica.
ATP bioluminescence method as a rapid tool for assessment of cleanliness of commercial animal transport trailers
Authors:   Prairie Swine Centre Inc., PO Box 21057, 2105 - 8th St. East, Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9 Canada, Alvarado Alvin , Cabahug Jingjing ,   Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9 Canada, Predicala Bernado ,   Prairie Swine Centre Inc., PO Box 21057, 2105 - 8th St. East, Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9 Canada
Published: January 2022

Animal transportation is widely recognized as a significant risk for disease transmission. At present, cleanliness of animal transport trailers is mostly assessed through subjective visual inspection (i.e., ‘white-glove’ test), which may sometimes be supplemented by microbiological testing with results obtained after at least 2-3 days. In this study, the feasibility of using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence method as a rapid tool for objectively assessing animal transport trailer cleanliness was investigated. Eighteen newly-cleaned transport trailers were tested using both ATP bioluminescence and microbiological techniques. In each trailer, six (6) locations including floors, walls, ramps, partitions and trailer exterior surfaces were sampled using an ATP meter, and MacConkey and R2A agar contact plates. From a total of more than 500 paired samples collected from all the sampled trailers, significant correlation was found between ATP bioluminescence method and standard microbiological technique using R2A agar (r = 0.206; p = 0.001) and MacConkey agar (r = 0.154; p = 0.002) plates. Using a threshold or ‘Pass’ limit of 390 RLU per 100 cm2 of trailer surface, ATP method was able to provide a good objective measure of the surface cleanliness, thus may be considered as an additional tool available for rapid and less costly assessment of trailer surface cleanliness.
The Work of the Future
Authors: Autor David , Mindell David A. , Reynolds Elisabeth B.
Published: January 2022

Why the United States lags behind other industrialized countries in sharing the benefits of innovation with workers and how we can remedy the problem.

The United States has too many low-quality, low-wage jobs. Every country has its share, but those in the United States are especially poorly paid and often without benefits. Meanwhile, overall productivity increases steadily and new technology has transformed large parts of the economy, enhancing the skills and paychecks of higher-paid knowledge workers. What's wrong with this picture? Why have so many workers benefited so little from decades of growth? The Work of the Future shows that technology is neither the problem nor the solution. We can build better jobs if we create institutions that leverage technological innovation and also support workers though long cycles of technological transformation.

Building on findings from the multiyear MIT Task Force on the Work of the Future, the book argues that we must foster institutional innovations that complement technological change. Skills programs that emphasize work-based and hybrid learning (in person and online), for example, empower workers to become and remain productive in a continuously evolving workplace. Industries fueled by new technology that augments workers can supply good jobs, and federal investment in R&D can help make these industries worker-friendly. We must act to ensure that the labor market of the future offers benefits, opportunity, and a measure of economic security to all.
Topoisomerase VI is a chirally-selective, preferential DNA decatenase
Authors: McKie Shannon J , Desai Parth Rakesh , Seol Yeonee , Allen Adam MB , Maxwell Anthony , Neuman Keir C
Published: January 2022

DNA topoisomerase VI (topo VI) is a type IIB DNA topoisomerase found predominantly in archaea and some bacteria, but also in plants and algae. Since its discovery, topo VI has been proposed to be a DNA decatenase; however, robust evidence and a mechanism for its preferential decatenation activity was lacking. Using single-molecule magnetic tweezers measurements and supporting ensemble biochemistry, we demonstrate that Methanosarcina mazei topo VI preferentially unlinks, or decatenates DNA crossings, in comparison to relaxing supercoils, through a preference for certain DNA crossing geometries. In addition, topo VI demonstrates a significant increase in ATPase activity, DNA binding and rate of strand passage, with increasing DNA writhe, providing further evidence that topo VI is a DNA crossing sensor. Our study strongly suggests that topo VI has evolved an intrinsic preference for the unknotting and decatenation of interlinked chromosomes by sensing and preferentially unlinking DNA crossings with geometries close to 90°.
Intrinsic mechanisms in the gating of resurgent Na+ currents
Authors: Ransdell Joseph L , Moreno Jonathan D , Bhagavan Druv , Silva Jonathan R , Nerbonne Jeanne M
Published: January 2022

The resurgent component of the voltage-gated sodium current (INaR) is a depolarizing conductance, revealed on membrane hyperpolarizations following brief depolarizing voltage steps, which has been shown to contribute to regulating the firing properties of numerous neuronal cell types throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Although mediated by the same voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels that underlie the transient and persistent Nav current components, the gating mechanisms that contribute to the generation of INaR remain unclear. Here, we characterized Nav currents in mouse cerebellar Purkinje neurons, and used tailored voltage-clamp protocols to define how the voltage and the duration of the initial membrane depolarization affect the amplitudes and kinetics of INaR. Using the acquired voltage-clamp data, we developed a novel Markov kinetic state model with parallel (fast and slow) inactivation pathways and, we show that this model reproduces the properties of the resurgent, as well as the transient and persistent, Nav currents recorded in (mouse) cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Based on the acquired experimental data and the simulations, we propose that resurgent Na+ influx occurs as a result of fast inactivating Nav channels transitioning into an open/conducting state on membrane hyperpolarization, and that the decay of INaR reflects the slow accumulation of recovered/opened Nav channels into a second, alternative and more slowly populated, inactivated state. Additional simulations reveal that extrinsic factors that affect the kinetics of fast or slow Nav channel inactivation and/or impact the relative distribution of Nav channels in the fast- and slow-inactivated states, such as the accessory Navβ4 channel subunit, can modulate the amplitude of INaR.
iMyoblasts for ex vivo and in vivo investigations of human myogenesis and disease modeling
Authors: Guo Dongsheng , Daman Katelyn , Chen Jennifer JC , Shi Meng-Jiao , Yan Jing , Matijasevic Zdenka , Rickard Amanda M , Bennett Monica H , Kiselyov Alex , Zhou Haowen , Bang Anne G , Wagner Kathryn R , Maehr René , King Oliver D , Hayward Lawrence J , Emerson Charles P
Published: January 2022

Skeletal muscle myoblasts (iMyoblasts) were generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using an efficient and reliable transgene-free induction and stem cell selection protocol. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, qPCR, digital RNA expression profiling, and scRNA-Seq studies identify iMyoblasts as a PAX3+/MYOD1+ skeletal myogenic lineage with a fetal-like transcriptome signature, distinct from adult muscle biopsy myoblasts (bMyoblasts) and iPSC-induced muscle progenitors. iMyoblasts can be stably propagated for >12 passages or 30 population doublings while retaining their dual commitment for myotube differentiation and regeneration of reserve cells. iMyoblasts also efficiently xenoengrafted into irradiated and injured mouse muscle where they undergo differentiation and fetal-adult MYH isoform switching, demonstrating their regulatory plasticity for adult muscle maturation in response to signals in the host muscle. Xenograft muscle retains PAX3+ muscle progenitors and can regenerate human muscle in response to secondary injury. As models of disease, iMyoblasts from individuals with Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy revealed a previously unknown epigenetic regulatory mechanism controlling developmental expression of the pathological DUX4 gene. iMyoblasts from Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy R7 and R9 and Walker Warburg Syndrome patients modeled their molecular disease pathologies and were responsive to small molecule and gene editing therapeutics. These findings establish the utility of iMyoblasts for ex vivo and in vivo investigations of human myogenesis and disease pathogenesis and for the development of muscle stem cell therapeutics.