bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Owner‐reported health and disease in U.S. senior horses
Authors: Herbst Alisa C. , Coleman Michelle C. , Macon Erica L. , Harris Patricia A. , Adams Amanda A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Information on health care and health status of U.S. senior horses (≥15 years of age) is currently sparse.

Objectives

(A) Provide an overview of owner‐reported (1) medical conditions, (2) management/treatment practices for equine metabolic syndrome and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), (3) frequencies of routine health care practices and (4) supplement and pharmaceutical use in U.S. senior horses (≥15 years of age). (B) Evaluate potential risk factors for certain medical conditions and for low routine health care.

Study design

Online survey.

Methods

Descriptive and inferential analysis (binomial logistic regression and ANOVA) of 2717 questionnaires from owners of U.S. senior horses.

Results

The most common owner‐reported veterinary‐diagnosed medical conditions were osteoarthritis (30%), dental disorders (15%), lameness (14%), PPID (12%) and ocular disorders (6%). Advancing age was found to be a risk factor for PPID (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval, CI] = 1.14 [1.10–1.18]), dental (OR [95% CI] = 1.18 [1.15–1.22]) and ocular (OR [95% CI] = 1.05 [1.01–1.10]) disorders. Only 36% of horses were free of owner‐reported veterinary‐diagnosed medical conditions at the time of the survey. During the year prior to the survey, most routine healthcare practices (i.e., veterinary health care, dental care and anthelmintic treatment) were typically undertaken one to two times per year, while farrier visits occurred mostly every 5–6 weeks. Retired senior horses had a higher risk of no health care visits (OR [95% CI] = 2.1 [1.38–3.06]), no dental care (OR [95% CI] = 2.0 [1.31–3.00]) and low farrier attendance (i.e., ≤4 times/year) (OR [95% CI] = 2.4 [1.57–3.63]) compared with senior horses used for pleasure riding. The most frequently administered drug was firocoxib (18%) and joint supplements were the most provided supplements (41%).

Main limitations

Potential recall, response and sampling bias. Risk factor analyses do not establish causal relationships.

Conclusions

Medical conditions are highly prevalent in U.S. senior horses. Retired senior horses have an increased risk of low routine health care.
Social networks as double‐edged swords: Understanding the impact of relational positivity and negativity on Hungarian migrants' return experiences
Authors: Hoór Dorottya , Bellotti Elisa
Published: August 2024

The paper examines how relational positivity and negativity within personal networks shape the return experiences of Hungarian migrants. Previous studies have hinted at the potential ‘dark side’ to personal networks for returnees, but no research has explored how different types of positive and negative ties impact return experiences. To address this gap, the study collected personal network data from 69 returning migrants in Hungary and analysed the effects of social support, relational negativity, and ambivalence on their self‐evaluated return experience score. The findings reveal that migrants' return experiences are significantly influenced by both relational positivity and negativity, affected by factors such as relational context, emotional closeness, geographical location, and social status. Particularly, relationships with family members and romantic partners are susceptible to relational negativity, which can adversely affect return experiences.
Inflation target adjustments: Does an improvement in institutional or economic preconditions matter?
Authors: Cho Dooyeon , Kim Husang
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates how the commitment to maintain an established inflation target as opposed to changing it depends on the extent to which institutional or economic preconditions improve in a country. For 19 inflation‐targeting countries, we show that stronger operational commitment to the preannounced target is pronounced in countries with a greater improvement in institutional or economic preconditions, such as central bank independence, inflation, government indebtedness, financial development and central bank credibility. Our results also highlight the heterogeneous contingencies for the discretionary behaviour of adjusting the target, including the gradual disinflation phase, fiscal dominance and the transition to flexible targeting.
A guide to conducting intersectional phenomenological research in family science
Authors: Keenoy Jaclyn Elisa , Paldi Romi , Perry Yasmine , Screven Melissa , van Eeden‐Moorefield Brad
Published: August 2024

An increasing number of scholars suggest the need to enhance the incorporation of diversity and social justice across all areas of family science. Part of this work has seen family science more strongly and explicitly incorporate intersectional theorizing to problematize individual biases and power positions, generally, and of researchers and participants, more specifically. More work is needed to connect theory, method, and methodology to advance the call of scholars. Here, we attend to this call by providing methodological considerations for conducting intersectional phenomenological research in family science. We begin with an overview of phenomenology, including its philosophical and methodological foundations and variations. We then introduce the history of intersectionality, followed by critical methodological considerations for intersectional phenomenological research in family science. This integration of intersectionality and phenomenological research centers the lived experiences of individuals and families with historically marginalized identities while attending to power dynamics often part of scholarship.
Classification of cotton crop disease using hybrid model and MDFC feature extraction method
Authors: Nimbhore Padma P. , Tiwari Ritu , Hazra Tanmoy , Yadav Mahendra Pratap
Published: August 2024

A novel Modified Deep Fuzzy Clustering (MDFC) based classification model involves four major phases. They are preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and finally, detection and classification phase. To reduce noise and smooth the edges of the input image of the cotton crop, bilateral filtering is first used as a preprocessing approach. Next, a modified deep fuzzy clustering is suggested for the segmentation procedure that creates a collection of segments from the preprocessed image. The segmented image is then processed to extract relevant characteristics by using an enhanced Pyramid of Histogram Orientation Gradient (PHOG), Local Directional Ternary Pattern (LDTP), and statistical‐based features. In order to detect and classify cotton crop diseases more effectively, this paper proposes a hybrid system. Here, the features are put through a detection phase, after which the extracted features are trained in the Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi‐GRU) model to determine whether or not the cotton crop is infected. Once it is detected to be diseased, the type of disease is classified via an improved Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). In terms of several performance metrics, the proposed model is validated in comparison with the traditional approaches. The MDFC‐based classification model outperforms existing models with a specificity of 0.9687 at a learning rate of 90. In contrast, other models achieve lower specificities: Bi‐GRU (0.8436), RNN (0.8359), CNN (0.8654), LSTM (0.8769), SVM (0.7983), VGG16 (0.8619), DCNN (0.8725), BI‐RNN + BI‐LSTM (0.7869), and NN + CNN (0.85478).
Genomic differentiation and gene flow among Rattus species distributed in China and adjacent regions
Authors: Liu Ning , Wu Xin‐Lai , Zhang Ruo‐Bing , Wang Jin , Yang Qi‐Sen , Cheng Ji‐Long , Wen Zhi‐Xin , Xia Lin , Abramov Alexei V. , Ge De‐Yan
Published: August 2024

The wild rats in the genus Rattus represent a group of murids characterized by rapid lineage diversification but limited morphological variation. Within this genus, there are several commensal species with high invasive capacity, such as Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus, which pose a global threat. Investigating the mechanisms behind their adaptive evolution is of utmost importance. In this study, we conducted morphological study and whole‐genome sequencing on Rattus species distributed in China and adjacent regions to gain insights into morphological differentiation, as well as genomic divergence and gene flow using assembled mitochondrion genome and high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms. Despite their morphological similarity and large overlap in morphospace, our analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation at the genomic level among Rattus species in China and adjacent regions. Specifically, intraspecific differentiation was observed in R. nitidus, R. norvegicus, and R. tanezumi, which may be related to habitat heterogeneity and geographic isolation. We hypothesize that as invasive rats expand their habitat, the diversification of ecological environments might lead to more environmentally adapted evolution and accelerated genetic differentiation. Furthermore, Dsuite and TreeMix analyses detected substantial introgression among different Rattus species, particularly evident between R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi. Strong gene flow signals suggest frequent hybridization events among these species, which may facilitate the acquisition of new environmental adaptability during their expansion into new territories. This study provides a preliminary analysis that serves as a foundation for a more comprehensive investigation into the rapid lineage diversification and adaptive introgression among Rattus species.
A new species of Leucoagaricus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Swat, Pakistan
Authors: Ijaz Hira , Ullah Sadiq , Jabeen Sana
Published: August 2024

This study is based on the identification of the novel species Leucoagaricus persicus from Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The species is characterized by convex to broadly convex pileus with a dark reddish‐brown umbo and orangish‐red fibrils on white context. The basidiospores are ellipsoid to elongate, amygdaliform to ovoid (10.2–12.0 × 6.6–7.5 µm), and there are variably shaped cheilocystidia and pileipellis hyphae without clamp connections forming an intricate trichoderm. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic data based on ITS and LSU region of nrDNA separate L. persicus from all other known species in Leucoagaricus.
MsABCG1, ATP‐Binding Cassette G transporter from Medicago Sativa, improves drought tolerance in transgenic Nicotiana Tabacum
Authors: Yang Rongchen , Yang Yeyan , Yuan Yinying , Zhang Benzhong , Liu Ting , Shao Zitong , Li Yuanying , Yang Peizhi , An Jie , Cao Yuman
Published: August 2024

Drought has a devastating impact, presenting a formidable challenge to agricultural productivity and global food security. Among the numerous ABC transporter proteins found in plants, the ABCG transporters play a crucial role in plant responses to abiotic stress. In Medicago sativa, the function of ABCG transporters remains elusive. Here, we report that MsABCG1, a WBC‐type transporter highly conserved in legumes, is critical for the response to drought in alfalfa. MsABCG1 is localized on the plasma membrane, with the highest expression observed in roots under normal conditions, and its expression is induced by drought, NaCl and ABA signalling. In transgenic tobacco, overexpression of MsABCG1 enhanced drought tolerance, evidenced by increased osmotic regulatory substances and reduced lipid peroxidation. Additionally, drought stress resulted in reduced ABA accumulation in tobacco overexpressing MsABCG1, demonstrating that overexpression of MsABCG1 enhanced drought tolerance was not via an ABA‐dependent pathway. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco exhibited increased stomatal density and reduced stomatal aperture under drought stress, indicating that MsABCG1 has the potential to participate in stomatal regulation during drought stress. In summary, these findings suggest that MsABCG1 significantly enhances drought tolerance in plants and provides a foundation for developing efficient drought‐resistance strategies in crops.
Eight new variants of HLA‐DQB1*03 identified by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Marín Rubio Luis Alberto , Ontañón Jesús
Published: August 2024

Genomic sequence of HLA‐DQB1*03:01:01:60, ‐DQB1*03:01:01:61, ‐DQB1*03:01:01:62, ‐DQB1*03:01:01:63, ‐DQB1*03:02:01:23, ‐DQB1*03:02:01:24, ‐DQB1*03:02:01:25 and ‐DQB1*03:03:02:14 alleles in Spanish individuals.
Identification of the novel HLA‐DPB1*14:01:15 allele in a Brazilian bone marrow donor
Authors: de Oliveira Anthony Marçal Leão , Molinari Isabella Fantini , Massi Fernanda Pelisson , Pinto Larissa Danielle Bahls , Visentainer Jeane Eliete Laguila
Published: August 2024

The novel HLA‐DPB1*14:01:15 allele differs from DPB1*14:01:01:01 by change of C > T in exon 3.
Local mirror symmetry via SYZ
Authors: Gammage Benjamin
Published: August 2024

In this note, we explain how mirror symmetry for basic local models in the Gross–Siebert program can be understood through the nontoric blowup construction described by Gross–Hacking–Keel. This is part of a program to understand the symplectic geometry of affine cluster varieties through their SYZ fibrations.
¿Por qué no pueden colaborar? Obstáculos para la colaboración docente
Authors: Roa-Tampe Karin , Zenteno-Silva Catalina Jesús
Published: August 2024

La colaboración docente se destaca como un medio imprescindible para la mejora escolar, el trabajo interdisciplinario, la profesionalización y la creación de nuevo conocimiento. La presente investigación, de carácter cualitativo y alcance analítico, por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, buscó indagar en las dificultades u obstáculos que impiden colaborar entre pares, según la percepción de docentes de escuelas chilenas. Los resultados y discusión ponen en evidencia que colaborar depende no solo de actitudes o características individuales, sino también del diseño del trabajo (mesonivel) y del liderazgo pedagógico, así como de la cultura profesional (macronivel). Asimismo, se problematizan los desafíos que esto plantea a la formación inicial y continua de las y los docentes, y las posibilidades que la gestión y el liderazgo escolar tienen de favorecer la colaboración entre profesionales en las escuelas.
Learning Proficient Behavior With Computational Agents in Engineering Configuration Design
Authors: Brownell Ethan , Kotovsky Kenneth , Cagan Jonathan
Published: August 2024

A novel approach for computational agents to learn proficient behavior in engineering configuration design that is inspired by human learning is introduced in this work. The learning proficient simulated annealing design agents (LPSADA) begin as different proficiency designers and are explicitly modeled to mimic the design behavior and performance of different proficiency human designers. A learning methodology, which is inspired by human learning, is introduced to update the characteristics of the agents that dictate their behavior. The methods are designed to change their behavioral characteristics based on their experience, including a non-deterministic reinforcement learning algorithm. Results show that the lower-proficiency agents successfully change their behavior to act more like high-proficiency designers. These behavior changes are shown to increase the performance of the lower-proficiency agents to the levels of high-proficiency human designers. In sum, the learning methodology that is introduced is shown to allow lower-proficiency agents to become higher-proficiency designers.
Designing Connectivity-Guaranteed Porous Metamaterial Units Using Generative Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Zihan , Bray Austin , Naghavi Khanghah Kiarash , Xu Hongyi
Published: August 2024

Designing 3D porous metamaterial units while ensuring complete connectivity of both solid and pore phases presents a significant challenge. This complete connectivity is crucial for manufacturability and structure-fluid interaction applications (e.g., fluid-filled lattices). In this study, we propose a generative graph neural network-based framework for designing the porous metamaterial units with the constraint of complete connectivity. First, we propose a graph-based metamaterial unit generation approach to generate porous metamaterial samples with complete connectivity in both solid and pore phases. Second, we establish and evaluate three distinct variational graph autoencoder (VGAE)-based generative models to assess their effectiveness in generating an accurate latent space representation of metamaterial structures. By choosing the model with the highest reconstruction accuracy, the property-driven design search is conducted to obtain novel metamaterial unit designs with the targeted properties. A case study on designing liquid-filled metamaterials for thermal conductivity properties is carried out. The effectiveness of the proposed graph neural network-based design framework is evaluated by comparing the performances of the obtained designs with those of known designs in the metamaterial database. Merits and shortcomings of the proposed framework are also discussed.
A Screw Theory Approach for Instantaneous Kinematic Analysis of Parallel–Serial Manipulators
Authors: Antonov Anton V. , Fomin Alexey S.
Published: August 2024

The paper presents an approach to perform an instantaneous kinematic analysis of parallel–serial (hybrid) manipulators using screw theory. In this study, we focus on non-kinematically redundant manipulators that include a single parallel mechanism. The proposed systematic procedure allows deriving Jacobian matrices for such manipulators, which provide mathematical relations between the end-effector velocities and speeds in the actuated joints. A generalized structure of the obtained matrices also reflects the constrained motions of the end-effector and the parallel mechanism. To illustrate the developed techniques, we consider three examples where we analyze three well-known parallel–serial manipulators with six, five, and four degrees-of-freedom. Following the proposed method, we determine Jacobian matrices for each manipulator. Next, we apply the presented approach for velocity analysis of a novel parallel–serial manipulator with five degrees-of-freedom. Numerical simulations validate the proposed theoretical techniques. The suggested approach represents the basis for subsequent singularity and performance analysis, and it can be adapted to hybrid manipulators with other architectures.
Flow Mechanism Study on the Effect of Controllable Speed Casing With Different Axial Starting Points on Transonic Compressor Rotor Stability
Authors: Zhao Jiayi , Wu Wanyang , Zhong Jingjun , Zeng Lingyan
Published: August 2024

The controllable speed casing represents an exploring approach to casing technology, designed to enhance the adaptability of casing in compressors under variable working conditions. This paper developed a numerical study into the effects of the axial starting point of the rotatable ring in the controllable speed casing on stability enhancement and performance. Additionally, the study sought to unveil the action mechanism of the rotating casing on various flow elements within the tip passage. The findings indicated that the optimal axial starting point for achieving the most pronounced stability enhancement effect in each rotating speed of the rotatable ring was located at the tip leading edge. In terms of the flow mechanism, the rotation of the rotatable ring was found to enhance the throughflow of the mainstream and the tip vortex, while exacerbating the backflow of the tip leakage flow, which occurred at middle and rear of the tip clearance and had not evolved into tip vortex.
Dihydrothiazolo ring-fused 2-pyridone antimicrobial compounds treat
Streptococcus pyogenes
skin and soft tissue infection
Authors: Zou Zongsen , Singh Pardeep , Pinkner Jerome S. , Obernuefemann Chloe L. P. , Xu Wei , Nye Taylor M. , Dodson Karen W. , Almqvist Fredrik , Hultgren Scott J. , Caparon Michael G.
Published: August 2024

We have developed GmPcides from a peptidomimetic dihydrothiazolo ring-fused 2-pyridone scaffold that has antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive pathogens. Here, we examine the treatment efficacy of GmPcides using skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) and biofilm formation models by
Streptococcus pyogenes
. Screening our compound library for minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal (MBC) concentrations identified GmPcide PS757 as highly active against
S. pyogenes
. Treatment of
S. pyogenes
biofilm with PS757 revealed robust efficacy against all phases of biofilm formation by preventing initial biofilm development, ceasing biofilm maturation and eradicating mature biofilm. In a murine model of
S. pyogenes
SSTI, subcutaneous delivery of PS757 resulted in reduced levels of tissue damage, decreased bacterial burdens, and accelerated rates of wound healing, which were associated with down-regulation of key virulence factors, including M protein and the SpeB cysteine protease. These data demonstrate that GmPcides show considerable promise for treating
S. pyogenes
infections.
Electrically polarized nanoscale surfaces generate reactive oxygenated and chlorinated species for deactivation of microorganisms
Authors: Vargas-Lizarazo Annie Y. , Ali M. Aswad , Mazumder Nehal A. , Kohli Gitanjali M. , Zaborska Miroslava , Sons Tyler , Garnett Michelle , Senanayake Ishani M. , Goodson Boyd M. , Vargas-Muñiz José M. , Pond Amber , Jensik Philip J. , Olson Michael E. , Hamilton-Brehm Scott D. , Kohli Punit
Published: August 2024

Because of the decreasing supply of new antibiotics, recent outbreaks of infectious diseases, and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, it is imperative to develop new effective strategies for deactivating a broad spectrum of microorganisms and viruses. We have implemented electrically polarized nanoscale metallic (ENM) coatings that deactivate a wide range of microorganisms including Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with greater than 6-log reduction in less than 10 minutes of treatment. The electrically polarized devices were also effective in deactivating lentivirus and
Candida albicans
. The key to the high deactivation effectiveness of ENM devices is electrochemical production of micromolar cuprous ions, which mediated reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Formation of highly damaging species, hydroxyl radicals and hypochlorous acid, from hydrogen peroxide contributed to antimicrobial properties of the ENM devices. The electric polarization of nanoscale coatings represents an unconventional tool for deactivating a broad spectrum of microorganisms through in situ production of reactive oxygenated and chlorinated species.
Coupled fates of Earth’s mantle and core: Early sluggish-lid tectonics and a long-lived geodynamo
Authors: Al Asad Manar , Lau Harriet C. P.
Published: August 2024

Conventional Earth evolution models are unable to simultaneously reproduce two fundamental observations: the mantle’s secular temperature record and a long-lived geodynamo before inner core nucleation. Today, plate tectonics efficiently cools the mantle, but if assumed to operate throughout Earth’s history, past mantle temperature and plate motion become unrealistically high. Through coupled core-mantle modeling that self-consistently predicts multiple mantle convection regimes, we show that over most of the Precambrian, Earth likely operated in a distinct “sluggish-lid” tectonic mode, characterized by partial decoupling between the lithosphere and mantle. This dominant early regime is due to a hotter Earth and the presence of the asthenosphere. This mode regulates the core-mantle boundary heat flow, which powers the geodynamo before inner core nucleation. Both sluggish-lid tectonics and a long-lived dynamo demonstrate the inextricably connected paths of the core-mantle system. Moreover, our simulations simultaneously satisfy diverse geological observations and are consistent with emerging interpretations of such records.
Never trust a single myeloid marker: Ly6G on repair-promoting lung macrophages
Authors: Iliakis Chrysante S. , Wack Andreas
Published: August 2024

Short-lived repair-promoting macrophages are recruited to foci of lung damage during influenza infection—and they are Ly6G positive (see related Research Article by Ruscitti
et al.
).
Enough already: T cell inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 virus persist in Long Covid
Authors: Clark Rachael A.
Published: August 2024

Virus and T cell inflammation persist in the tissues of patients with Long Covid.
The yeast also rises! PD-L1 dampens inflammation linked to fungal infections
Authors: AlSalem Sultan , Pillai Shiv
Published: August 2024

Programmed death-ligand 1 interacts with fungal ribosomal Rpl20b in phagosomes and induces interleukin-10 secretion.
Evaluation and Analysis of Decision Support for College Fitness Teaching Under Embedded Data Mining Training
Authors: Dong Yuanqing , Dong Jing
Published: August 2024

This paper focuses on the application of embedded data mining technology in decision support evaluation of fitness teaching in universities, aiming to explore how to optimize fitness teaching decisions and improve teaching quality through data mining technology. The application of embedded data mining technology has significantly improved the quality of fitness teaching in universities. This paper analyzes the decision support of motion training mode based on Data Mining (DM) technology and proposes a motion training evaluation decision system based on improved Embedded algorithm. Through in-depth analysis and mining of system data, it is possible to effectively extract data information during athlete training, and integrate physical fitness evaluation decision information through corresponding association rules. Firstly, this study provides an overview of embedded data mining technology, including its basic principles, technical characteristics, and application advantages in the field of fitness education. Next, the paper elaborates in detail on the construction process of a decision support system for college fitness teaching based on embedded data mining. The system collects various types of data in fitness teaching, such as student physical fitness data, teaching progress data and teacher evaluation data, and uses embedded data mining technology to preprocess, extract features, and perform pattern recognition on these data, thereby generating valuable decision support information. In the evaluation and analysis stage, this paper adopts a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to comprehensively evaluate the decision support system based on embedded data mining. The research results indicate that the system has achieved significant results in improving the quality of fitness teaching and optimizing teaching decisions. Specifically, it can timely identify problems in teaching, provide targeted improvement suggestions for teaching managers, and also provide more personalized and scientific teaching and learning plans for teachers and students.
Angular distributions of atmospheric cosmic muons at the Earth: A study with PYTHIA8
Authors: Wani Basharat Hussain , Sinha Tinku , Banerjee Gourab , Bari Waseem
Published: August 2024

In this work, the angular distribution of atmospheric cosmic muons is studied using PYTHIA8 simulations, comparing it to the experimental data. The standalone code in PYTHIA8 consists of an atmosphere of only nitrogen molecules. Here, the standalone code has been augmented adding oxygen molecules with a relative abundance of 78:22 (Nitrogen:Oxygen) to resemble a more realistic atmosphere. The vertical flux intensity ([Formula: see text]) of cosmic muons varies with zenith angle as a function of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the zenith angle and n is the exponent term. The vertical flux intensity of cosmic muons has been characterized as a function of zenith angle ([Formula: see text]), momentum (p) and energy (E). Simulations are compared to the experimental results found in the literature and to the measurements performed at the surface laboratories of SINP (Kolkata) and JUSL (Jadugoda) at two different latitudes and altitudes in May 2024. The integrated vertical muon flux ([Formula: see text]) and the exponent term (n) are extracted by fitting each experimental dataset. The simulated vertical flux intensity ([Formula: see text]) as a function of the zenith angle ([Formula: see text]) of cosmic muons shows a good level of agreement with the spectral shape of our experimental data as well as with that from literature. This study highlights the relevance of PYHTIA8 in the context of air-shower simulations, improving its predictive power by incorporating a more realistic atmospheric model.
Bilinear Constitutive Model-Based Theoretical Study on Interfacial Properties of Pipeline Joints Coupling Tension and Temperature
Authors: Yuan Hong , Han Jun , Huang Yaojie , Zeng Lan
Published: August 2024

In order to better understand, describe and design the interfacial properties of pipe joints for pipeline structures in actual projects, this paper theoretically investigated the mechanical properties of adhesively bonded pipeline joint interface under simultaneous actions of axial tensile loading and temperature changes based on the bilinear rigid-softening constitutive model. Analytical solutions for interface relative slips, shear stresses and load-displacement relationship, as well as expressions for ultimate loads and effective bonding lengths, were derived. Different failure processes including softening or debonding stages caused by the bonding lengths were discussed, demonstrating the full-ranged interfacial failure of pipeline joints and explaining their stress transfer mechanism, interface crack propagation and ductile behavior. The finite element analysis for certain cases was also checked to coincide with the solutions. This helps establish a theoretical analysis basis for the application of pipeline joints in actual environments with loading and temperature differences.
Molecular Insights into Anti-Alzheimer’s Drugs Through Eccentricity-Based Predictive Mathematical Modeling Using Regression and QSPR Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Wakeel , Ali Kashif , Zaman Shahid , Ahmad Farooq , Ashebo Mamo Abebe
Published: August 2024

In this study, we suggest an eccentricity-based linear regression model to predict the effectiveness of anti-Alzheimer’s drugs such as Tacrine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Butein, Licochalcone-A and Flavokawain-A. The relationship between structural characteristics and therapeutic effectiveness by integrating eccentricity values is derived from these drugs. Our findings provide promising insights into the potential use of eccentricity-driven linear regression as a drug discovery tool in the field of Alzheimer’s disease treatment. This method provides an improved comprehension of the structural factors influencing drug efficacy, establishing the way for more targeted and efficient anti-Alzheimer’s drug development. Moreover, a quantitative structure–property relationship model is developed by using linear regression model to predict properties such as boiling point, flash point, molar volume, molecular weight, complexity and polarizability.
Understanding Trust and Reliance Development in AI Advice: Assessing Model Accuracy, Model Explanations, and Experiences from Previous Interactions
Authors: Kahr Patricia K. , Rooks Gerrit , Willemsen Martijn C. , Snijders Chris C. P.
Published: August 2024

People are increasingly interacting with AI systems, but successful interactions depend on people trusting these systems only when appropriate. Since neither gaining trust in AI advice nor restoring lost trust after AI mistakes is warranted, we seek to better understand the development of trust and reliance in sequential human-AI interaction scenarios. In a 2

\({\times}\)

2 between-subject simulated AI experiment, we tested how model accuracy (high vs. low) and explanation type (human-like vs. abstract) affect trust and reliance on AI advice for repeated interactions. In the experiment, participants estimated jail times for 20 criminal law cases, first without and then with AI advice. Our results show that trust and reliance are significantly higher for high model accuracy. In addition, reliance does not decline over the trial sequence, and trust increases significantly with high accuracy. Human-like (vs. abstract) explanations only increased reliance on the high-accuracy condition. We furthermore tested the extent to which trust and reliance in a trial round can be explained by trust and reliance experiences from prior rounds. We find that trust assessments in prior trials correlate with trust in subsequent ones. We also find that the cumulative trust experience of a person in all earlier trial rounds correlates with trust in subsequent ones. Furthermore, we find that the two trust measures, trust and reliance, impact each other: prior trust beliefs not only influence subsequent trust beliefs but likewise influence subsequent reliance behavior, and vice versa. Executing a replication study yielded comparable results to our original study, thereby enhancing the validity of our findings.
DM-PA-CNTFET Biosensor for Breast Cancer Detection: Analytical Model
Authors: Sharma Bhargavi , Yadav Shivani , Rewari Sonam , Hasija Yasha
Published: August 2024

In this paper, an analytical model for a novel design dielectric modulated plasma-assisted carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (DM-PA-CNTFET) biosensor is proposed for breast cancer detection. This work is based on a PA-CNTFET in which CNT is used as a channel of FET, and various other device engineering techniques such as dual metal gate-all-around structure and dielectric stack of SiO2 and HfO2 have been used. A comparative analysis of DS-GAAE-CNTFET was performed using a silicon gate all-around FET (Silicon-GAA-FET)-based biosensor. Early detection of breast cancer is made possible by immobilizing MDA-MB-231 and HS578t into the dual-sided nanocavity, which alters the electrical properties of the proposed CNTFET-based biosensor. The DS-GAAE-CNTFET sensor demonstrates a drain ON current sensitivity of 236.9 nA and a threshold voltage sensitivity of 285.58 mV for HS578t cancer cells. Malignant MDA-MB-231 breast cells exhibit a higher drain ON current sensitivity of 343.35 nA and a corresponding threshold voltage sensitivity of 293.23 mV. The exceptional sensitivity and structural resilience of the DS-GAAE-CNTFET biosensor establish it as a promising candidate for early breast cancer detection.
Biosynthesized Metallic and Bimetallic Nanoparticles as Effective Biocides for Plant Protection: Plausible Mechanisms and Challenges
Authors: Jamil Nuzhat , Saad Ali Hafiz Muhammad , Yasir Muhammad , Hamza Muhammad , Sagheer Muhammad , Ahmed Toheed , Kanwal Qudsia , Bukhari Attaullah , Al-Ahmary Khairia Mohammed , Ahmed Mahmood
Published: August 2024

The use of biosynthesized metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) as biocides for plant protection has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential for sustainable and ecofriendly crop protection. In this review article, we discussed the biosynthesis of metallic and bimetallic NPs using various biological sources such as plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae. We explore the plausible mechanisms behind the biocidal activity of these NPs, including their ability to disrupt cellular structures, inhibit enzyme activity, induce oxidative stress, and modulate plant defense responses. We also highlight the challenges and limitations associated with the use of biosynthesized NPs, including their potential toxicity to nontarget organisms, potential impact on soil health, and the need for standardized protocols for their synthesis and characterization. Additionally, we discuss the potential strategies for overcoming these challenges, including the use of biocompatible stabilizers, controlled release formulations, and targeted delivery systems. Overall, biosynthesized metallic and bimetallic NPs hold promise as effective biocides for plant protection, but further research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action, optimize their efficacy, and ensure their safe and sustainable use in agriculture. In addition to exploring the biocidal mechanisms and challenges of using biosynthesized metallic and bimetallic NPs for plant protection, this review also delves into the cost‐benefit analysis of their application in agriculture.
The Effects of Anlotinib Combined with Chemotherapy following Progression on Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitor in Hormone Receptor‐Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Xu Ting , Xiong Weili , Zhang Lili , Yuan Yuan
Published: August 2024

Purpose. Endocrine therapy combined with cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) is the preferred treatment for hormone receptor‐positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative (HER2–) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, there are currently no recommendations for therapeutic strategies after progression on CDK4/6i‐based treatment. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus chemotherapy in HR+/HER2– MBC after progression on CDK4/6 inhibitors. Methods. We collected data from 32 patients with HR+/HER2– MBC treated with anlotinib plus chemotherapy after progressing on CDK4/6i at Jiangsu Cancer Hospital from March 2020 to October 2023. The median follow‐up was 9.1 months (range, 2.0–19.7 months) as of the data cutoff date in October 2023. The primary endpoint was median progression‐free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events. Results. The median PFS (mPFS) of all patients was 7.6 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 5.75–9.45). There was no significant difference in mPFS between patients who responded to prior CDK4/6i treatment and those who did not (8.3 months vs. 6.8 months, p = 0.580). Besides, the ORR was 34.4% and DCR was 93.8%. The most frequently observed adverse events were anemia (50.0%), neutropenia (40.6%), thrombocytopenia (34.4%), and epistaxis (34.4%). Dose interruption or reductions due to adverse events occurred in 2 (6.3%) and 5 (15.6%) patients, respectively. Conclusions. The study preliminarily demonstrates that anlotinib combined with chemotherapy may be an optional recommendation for patients with HR+/HER2– metastatic breast cancer who have progressed after CDK4/6i.
MIP‐4 is Induced by Bleomycin and Stimulates Cell Migration Partially via Nir‐1 Receptor
Authors: Pacurari M. , Cox I. , Bible A. N. , Davern S.
Published: August 2024

Background. CC‐chemokine ligand 18 also known as MIP‐4 is a chemokine with roles in inflammation and immune responses. It has been shown that MIP‐4 is involved in the development of several diseases including lung fibrosis and cancer. How exactly MIP‐4 is regulated and exerts its role in lung fibrosis remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we examined how MIP‐4 is regulated and whether it acts via its potential receptor Nir‐1. Materials and Methods. A549 cells were grown and maintained in DMEM : F12 (1 : 1) and supplemented with 10% FBS and 1000 U of penicillin/streptomycin and maintained as recommended by the manufacturer (ATCC). Cell migration and invasion, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot, qPCR, and siRNA Nir‐1 were used to determine MIP‐4 regulation and its role in cell migration. Results. Cell migration was increased following stimulation of cells with recombinant (r) MIP‐4 and bleomycin (BLM), whereas quenching rMIP‐4 with its antibody (Ab) or addition of the Ab to BLM or H2O2 diminished rMIP‐4‐induced cell migration. Along with cell migration, rMIP‐4, BLM, and H2O2 induced the formation of actin filaments dynamic structures whereas costimulation with MIP‐4 Ab limited BLM‐ and H2O2‐induced effects. MIP‐4 mRNA and protein were increased by BLM and H2O2, and the addition of its Ab significantly reduced treatments effect. Experiments with siRNA investigating whether Nir‐1 is a potential MIR‐4 receptor indicated that the inhibition of Nir‐1 decreased cell migration/invasion but did not totally inhibit rMIP‐4‐induced cell migration. Conclusion. Therefore, our data indicate that MIP‐4 is regulated by BLM and H2O2 and costimulation with its Ab limits the effects on MIP‐4 and that the Nir‐1 receptor partially mediates MIP‐4’s effects on increased cell migration. These data also evidenced that MIP‐4 is regulated by fibrotic and oxidative stimuli and that quenching MIP‐4 with its Ab or therapeutically targeting the Nir‐1 receptor may partially limit MIP‐4 effects under fibrotic or oxidative stimulation.
A Study on the Inhibition of AChE Activity by Ethanolic Extract of Tibet Wild Gymnadenia crassinervis and Its Protective and Reparative Effects on Aβ25−35‐Induced Cell Injury
Authors: Cheng Hexingzi , Li Anping , Yang Pei , Zhong Zhengchang , Liu Hemei , Zhang Liangshi , Mo Qifeng
Published: August 2024

It is of great significance to develop natural active substances for treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We constructed an AD cell model using Aβ25−35‐induced PC12 cells to assess isolated components from Tibet wild Gymnadenia crassinervis protective and reparative effects against Aβ25−35‐induced cell injury. The results indicated that the active fraction extracted and isolated from Gymnadenia crassinervis strongly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an excellent IC50 value as low as 135.86 ± 5.59 μg/mL. The main compound of the Gymnadenia crassinervis active fraction was preliminarily identified as dactylorhin A by LC‐MS. The high‐concentration group, treated with 10 μg/mL of the Gymnadenia crassinervis active fraction, exhibited significantly protective effects, the treatment of which enhanced cell viability and mitigated cell shrinking induced by Aβ25−35. The ROS level and MDA content in the high‐concentration group cells decreased by approximately 28% and 30%, respectively, while the activities of SOD and CAT even increased by about 92% and 221%, respectively. In addition, Western blotting analysis showed that the Gymnadenia crassinervis active fraction inhibited apoptosis. Therefore, these findings suggest that the Gymnadenia crassinervis active fraction can repair Aβ25−35‐induced cell injury, protect against Aβ toxicity, and hold potential in both preventive and therapeutic aspects of AD.
LX1 Dual Targets AR Variants and AKR1C3 in Advanced Prostate Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ning Shu , Armstrong Cameron M. , Xing Enming , Leslie Amy R. , Gao Richard Y. , Sharifi Masuda , Schaaf Zachary A. , Lou Wei , Han Xiangrui , Xu Desiree H. , Yang Rui , Cheng Jeffrey , Mohammed Shabber , Mitsiades Nicholas , Liu Chengfei , Lombard Alan P. , Wu Chun-Yi , Cheng Xiaolin , Li Pui-Kai , Gao Allen C.
Published: August 2024

The development of resistance to current standard-of-care treatments, such as androgen receptor (AR) targeting therapies, remains a major challenge in the management of advanced prostate cancer. There is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies targeting key resistant drivers, such as AR variants like AR-V7, and steroidogenic enzymes, such as aldo–keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3), to overcome drug resistance and improve outcomes for patients with advanced prostate cancer. Here, we have designed, synthesized, and characterized a novel class of LX compounds targeting both the AR/AR variants and AKR1C3 pathways. Molecular docking and in vitro studies demonstrated that LX compounds bind to the AKR1C3 active sites and inhibit AKR1C3 enzymatic activity. LX compounds were also shown to reduce AR/AR-V7 expression and to inhibit their target gene signaling. LX1 inhibited the conversion of androstenedione into testosterone in tumor-based ex vivo enzyme assays. In addition, LX1 inhibited the growth of cells resistant to antiandrogens including enzalutamide (Enza), abiraterone, apalutamide, and darolutamide in vitro. A synergistic effect was observed when LX1 was combined with antiandrogens and taxanes, indicating the potential for this combination in treating resistant prostate cancer. Treatment with LX1 significantly decreased tumor volume, serum PSA levels, as well as reduced intratumoral testosterone levels, without affecting mouse body weight. Furthermore, LX1 was found to overcome resistance to Enza treatment, and its combination with Enza further suppressed tumor growth in both the CWR22Rv1 xenograft and LuCaP35CR patient-derived xenograft models. Collectively, the dual effect of LX1 in reducing AR signaling and intratumoral testosterone, along with its synergy with standard therapies in resistant models, underscores its potential as a valuable treatment option for advanced prostate cancer.

Significance: LX1 simultaneously targets androgen receptor variants and the steroidogenic enzyme AKR1C3, offering a promising approach to combat drug resistance and enhancing therapeutic efficacy in conjunction with standard treatments for advanced prostate cancer.
Lifecourse Growth and Development Determinants of Mammographic Density in Black Women
Authors: Bigham Zahna , Holder Etienne X. , Rodday Angie Mae , Breeze Janis L. , Nelson Kerrie P. , Palmer Julie R. , Freund Karen M. , Bertrand Kimberly A.
Published: August 2024

Background:

High mammographic density is one of the strongest breast cancer risk factors; however, determinants of high mammographic density are understudied in Black women. We assessed growth and development factors across the lifecourse in relation to mammographic density.

Methods:

Within the Black Women’s Health Study, we used Cumulus software to assess percent mammographic density from digital screening mammograms for 5,905 women ages 40 to 74 years. We fit linear regression models to quantify the association of lifecourse characteristics including birthweight, childhood somatotype, age at menarche, body mass index (BMI) at age 18 years, height, BMI at mammography, and adulthood waist-to-hip ratio with density overall and by age. We also performed a path analysis to assess the total and mediating effects of the growth and development factors on density.

Results:

BMI at age 18 years, height, BMI at mammography, and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly and inversely associated with density. On path analysis, total effects of childhood somatotype (standardized β = −0.05, P < 0.001), BMI at age 18 years (standardized β = −0.13, P < 0.001), BMI at mammography (standardized β = −0.22, P < 0.001), and waist-to-hip ratio (standardized β = −0.04, P < 0.001) were associated with density.

Conclusions:

Several factors across the lifecourse—greater childhood somatotype, BMI at age 18 years, height, BMI at mammography, and waist-to-hip ratio—were associated with lower mammographic density in this cohort of Black women.

Impact:

Body size closer to the time of mammography may be more meaningful in determining mammographic density, though early-life adiposity also influences mammographic density.

See related In the Spotlight, p. 1541
Supplementary Fig.4 from Long Noncoding RNA MSL3P1 Regulates CUL3 mRNA Cytoplasmic Transport and Stability and Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Metastasis
Authors: Shao Ming-Ming , Li Xin , Wei Rui-Qi , Chen Qing-Yu , Zhang Xin , Qiao Xin , Li Hui
Published: August 2024

Bioluminescence imaging of MSL3P1 knockdown or overexpression on the localization of LUAD cells in the lungs of nude mice.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Neem Leaf Glycoprotein Disrupts Exhausted CD8+ T-Cell–Mediated Cancer Stem Cell Aggression
Authors: Chakravarti Mohona , Bera Saurav , Dhar Sukanya , Sarkar Anirban , Choudhury Pritha Roy , Ganguly Nilanjan , Das Juhina , Sultana Jasmine , Guha Aishwarya , Biswas Souradeep , Das Tapasi , Hajra Subhadip , Banerjee Saptak , Baral Rathindranath , Bose Anamika
Published: August 2024

The file contains Supplementary Figure S4
Supplementary Figure S3 from Neem Leaf Glycoprotein Disrupts Exhausted CD8+ T-Cell–Mediated Cancer Stem Cell Aggression
Authors: Chakravarti Mohona , Bera Saurav , Dhar Sukanya , Sarkar Anirban , Choudhury Pritha Roy , Ganguly Nilanjan , Das Juhina , Sultana Jasmine , Guha Aishwarya , Biswas Souradeep , Das Tapasi , Hajra Subhadip , Banerjee Saptak , Baral Rathindranath , Bose Anamika
Published: August 2024

The file contains Supplementary Figure S3