bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology study on the prognostic factors of intradural extramedullary spinal tumors
Authors: Phankhongsab Anuchit , Sopchokchai Intouch , Piromchai Patorn
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Intradural extramedullary (IDEM) tumors are rare tumors of the spinal cord. Currently, there is no evidence on the factors that predict poor outcomes in the patients. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic factors that are associated with poor outcomes in IDEM tumors.

Materials and Methods:

Patients 18 years and older with IDEM tumors who underwent surgery at our institute were identified and retrospectively reviewed. The patient’s demographic data, risk factors, and modified McCormick Scale score were collected.

Results:

A total of 129 patients with IDEM were included in this study. The age ranged from 19 to 79 years (mean 51.3 years), with a predominantly female population (85 patients, 65.9%). Eighty-nine (68.9%) patients had a good outcome, while 40 (31.0%) patients had a poor outcome. The significant factors for poor outcomes included the number of vertebral levels removed for tumor access (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.30–11.08, P = 0.013); pathology other than meningioma, schwannoma, and neurofibroma (adjusted OR = 18.86, 95% CI = 2.16–164.49, P = 0.007); and bowel/bladder involvement (adjusted OR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.15–10.39, P = 0.027).

Conclusion:

We found that the factors for poor outcomes included bowel/bladder involvement, number of vertebral levels removed for tumor access, and pathology other than meningioma, schwannoma, and neurofibroma.
Mullerian Choristoma as a Cause of Tethered Cord Syndrome: A Case Report in a 13-Year-Old Worsening after the Onset of Menarche
Authors: Pandya Payal Nitin , Raju Subodh , Swain Meenakshi , Lath Rahul
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Mullerian choristoma as a cause for tethered cord syndrome is exceedingly rare with very few cases being reported in the literature. We report a 13-year-old girl with spinal dysraphism who was operated in 2013 for lipomeningomyelocele and tethered cord. She now presented to us with back pain and leg pain for 6 months duration. Magnetic resonance imaging of lumbosacral spine revealed an intramedullary cystic mass in the conus medullaris associated with haemorrhage in association with the residual lipoma. Intraoperatively following excision of intramural lipoma, a hemorrhagic cystic intramedullary mass was encountered and excised. Histopathology of the mass revealed a uterus-like structure with endometrial lining and associated structure resembling fallopian tube. A diagnosis of Mullerian choristoma was made. This rare entity is discussed in this case report.
Basal Ganglia Calcification Due to Mineralizing Lenticulostriate Vasculopathy in Children Without Stroke Presentation
Authors: Goraya Jatinder S. , Ghotra Gagandeep S. , Sodhi Amita
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:

Basal ganglia calcification due to mineralizing lenticulostriate vasculopathy has recently been recognized in infants and young children presenting with basal ganglia stroke after minor head trauma. There is little information regarding its occurrence in children outside stroke presentation.

Materials and Methods:

This study is a retrospective chart review of children with basal ganglia calcification due to mineralizing lenticulostriate vasculopathy but with non-stroke presentation.

Results:

Fifteen children, 11 boys, and 4 girls, aged from 3 months to 16 years met the inclusion criteria. Five children were under 2 years of age, 6 between 2.5 and 9 years, and 4 between 10 and 16 years. Seven children presented with seizures including three each with febrile seizures, epilepsy, and one with hypocalcemic seizures. Three children had migraine, one syncope, and one head-rolling. One child each presented with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental delay, and minor head trauma. Basal ganglia calcification was punctate and asymmetric on axial computed tomography images in all the children. Coronal and sagittal reconstruction images were available in four children, and all showed linear hyperdensities in the basal ganglia conforming to the calcification of lenticulostriate arteries. The calcification was bilateral in 11 and unilateral in 4. All except one child had normal development.

Conclusion:

Basal ganglia calcification due to mineralizing lenticulostriate vasculopathy can be observed in children without presentation with stroke. Affected children tend to be older than those with stroke presentation. The association is likely incidental, but further studies are needed to better delineate this entity.
Discoid Meniscus – A Review of Literature and Our Case Series
Authors: Reddy G. Swetha , Nekkanti Madhava Rao , Adla Deepthi Nandan Reddy , Venuthurla Ram Mohan Reddy , Bhan Nitish
Published: September 2024

Aim:

The current study aims at the surgical outcome of the lateral discoid meniscus which is treated with knee arthroscopy, meniscal refashioning, and meniscal repair in various age groups.

Materials and Methods:

The study includes 7 patients (3 females and 4 males) with a mean age of 26.6 (Range 10 to 50 years). This is a retrospective type of study with a study period ranging from June 2018 to January 2024.

Results:

Patient satisfaction was excellent in all cases regarding pain, locking of the knee, Range of motion, and return to sports/daily activities. Diagnostic Arthroscopy confirmed the discoid meniscus abnormality in all the cases. Bucket handle type tear of the lateral menisci in 2 cases. Anterior horn tear in 1 case. Horizontal tear in 1 case. Unstable discoid meniscus in 3 cases. Meniscoplasty, removal of central part of meniscus, and sparing its periphery was done for all cases. Stabilization of the meniscus was done with meniscal repair in 4 patients with inside-out and all inside techniques. Visual analog score (VAS score) has significantly reduced from moderate pain (45-74)and mild pain (5-44 mm)to no pain (0-4 mm).

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic sauscerization, meniscoplasty alone, or additional stabilization with meniscal repair can provide excellent clinical outcomes in patients with symptomatic lateral discoid meniscus.
Management of Aseptic Both Bone Forearm Diaphyseal Gap Nonunion
Authors: Deepthi Sabavath , Rao V. Sahetya Mohan , Vishwanath M. , Srikanth S.
Published: September 2024

Aseptic nonunions of both bone forearm fractures present significant challenges in treatment, often requiring specialized surgical intervention. This case report provides an overview of the prevalence, etiology, and surgical considerations in managing such nonunions. This case report presents a 51 year old male with both bone forearm diaphyseal nonunion following a road traffic accident, managed with iliac crest and nonvascularized fibular bone grafting. Surgical intervention involved debridement, gap bridging with fibular strut graft, and stabilization with plate. Aseptic both bone forearm nonunions disrupt mechanics, leading to functional impairment. Surgical management aims at maintaining radial length, joint function, and avoiding positive ulnar variance. Treatment involves debridement, alignment correction, bone grafting, and may include vascularized fibular grafting or the Ilizarov method, while nonvascularized fibula strut grafts provide a favorable alternative with low complication rates. The case report demonstrates successful management of aseptic both bone forearm diaphyseal nonunion using nonvascularized fibular strut graft, resulting in excellent functional outcomes without complications. The efficacy and feasibility of this treatment approach in achieving union and restoring forearm function is highlighted.
Current Concepts and Management Strategies in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Arjun K. , Yelamarthy P. K. Karthik , Narayan T. V. Krishna , Kathare Ambadas , Mulukutla Raghav Dutt
Published: September 2024

Early diagnosis and treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) are critical to achieve satisfactory results and successful functional outcomes for the patients. Usually, such patients present late, resulting in unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. It is not uncommon to see clinicians failing to recognize the early symptoms there by resulting in delayed referrals to spine surgeons. The objective of this review is to highlight the salient clinical features, pathogenesis, and management options for CSM. The epidemiology, applied anatomy, and pathogenesis of CSM are discussed, along with a review of current literature regarding the management of CSM. A thorough evaluation needs to be done to rule out medical causes for myelopathy and other neurological conditions which mimic CSM. Those with mild CSM with minimal symptoms need to be observed carefully at regular intervals. Early intervention in patients with moderate-to-severe CSM is superior to conservative treatment. Surgical strategies include anterior, posterior, or combined approaches. A thorough decompression of the spinal cord and roots and restoration of cervical lordosis should be the primary goal of the operating surgeon. Needless to mention high quality postoperative rehabilitation and exercise programs go a long way in achieving satisfactory results after surgery.
Endoscopic vacuum assisted closure therapy for esophagopericardial fistula in a 16-year-old male: A case report
Authors: Muñoz-González Simón , Quejada-Cuesta Samir , González-Arroyave Daniel , Ardila Carlos M
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Esophagopericardial fistula (EPF) is a rare, life-threatening condition with limited scientific literature and no established management guidelines. This case report highlights a successful multidisciplinary approach and the innovative use of endoscopic vacuum assisted closure (endoVAC) therapy in treating this complex condition.

CASE SUMMARY

A 16-year-old male with a history of esophageal atresia and colon interposition presented with progressive chest pain, fever, and dyspnea. Imaging revealed an EPF with associated pleural and pericardial effusions. Initial management with an esophageal stent failed, prompting the use of an endoVAC system. The patient underwent multiple endoVAC device changes and received broad-spectrum antibiotics and nutritional support. The fistula successfully closed, and the patient recovered, demonstrating no new symptoms at a 6-month follow-up.

CONCLUSION

EndoVAC therapy can effectively manage EPF, providing a minimally invasive treatment option.
Elastomer: Fluorosilicone Rubber (FVMQ) Fuel and Oil Resistant 55 - 65 Durometer Type ‘A’ Hardness For Products in Fuel Systems / Lubrication Oils
Authors:   AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Published: September 2024

This specification covers a fluorosilicone (FVMQ) elastomer that can be used to manufacture product in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes. This specification should not be used for molded rings, compression seals, molded O-rings, molded O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications.
Exploring Production Constraints, Varietal Traits Preferences and Factors Influencing Adoption of Improved Rice Varieties in Nobewam, Ashanti Region
Authors: Acheampong P.P. , Dartey P.K.
Published: September 2024

Identifying appropriate policy interventions to improve rice productivity is crucial to improvingn food security and incomes. This study  used data from 73 rice farmers randomly selected from an irrigated scheme and employed Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance and  multivariate regression techniques to explore production constraints, farmers' subjective varietal traits preferences and factors affecting  adoption of improved rice varieties. Results showed capital acquisition, drudgery in land preparation, and weed infestation were among  the constraints to rice production. Also, farmers selected rice varieties based on taste, ease of cooking, milling recovery, swelling ability  and aroma. Empirical results revealed that farm size, land tenure, ease of cooking, milling recovery and percentage broken affected the  selection of improved rice varieties. We suggest that rice varietal development programmes should consider grain traits preferred by end  users in breeding activities. Also, government and local authorities should guarantee land tenure security across rice production  areas to encourage the adoption of improved varieties.
Embolemus ruddii (Hymenoptera: Embolemidae) a first record from Iran
Authors: De Rond Jeroen , Samin Najmeh
Published: September 2024

In this faunistic paper, Embolemus ruddii Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea: Embolemidae) is recorded for the first time from Iran. This is the third Iranian species of the family.
Biology of Phytoselulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on different temperatures
Authors: Sallam M.M. , Metwally A.M. , Abdallah A.A. , Allam S.A.
Published: September 2024

The Phytoseiid mite Phytoseiulus Persimilis (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) was reared individually on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its developmental period, the longevity of female, males and also female fecundity was recorded under various temperatures 20 and 25 Cº about 70% RH. The longevity of females and also female fecundity were recorded under alternating temperatures of 10-20 Cº and 15 -20 Cº about 70% RH. The female developed faster when they were reared at a higher temperature of 25 Cº and they showed higher longevity and fecundity at 25 C֠ than at 2 Cº also, the fecundity and longevity were higher at 15 -20 Cº than at 10-20 Cº.
Impact of bee venom acupuncture on the blood cells and some biochemical parameters in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Amer Mona A.A. , El-Azizi Noran O. , Nafea Emad A. , Younis Mohamed S. , Abou Zeid Ahmed S.
Published: September 2024

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were allocated to two main groups (A) and (B) with the same disease activity, each group included fifteen patients, and their ages ranged between 21-60 years old. In addition to the conventional treatment Group (A) was treated with Bee venom acupuncture (BVA) twice a week for three months, while patients of group (B) were kept on the conventional treatment only. Obtained results indicated that the serum levels of group (A) were significantly increased for hemoglobin (Hb) and complementary 3.The values for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Creactive protein (CRP), Protein/Creatinine (P/C) ratio, 24 hrs. urinary protein, urinary pus cells (H.P.F), urinary protein and complement 3 (C3) were significantly decreased (p<0.05). No significant differences were recorded for total leucocytic count (TLC), platelets (PLT), serum Creatinine (S Cr.), urinary red blood cells (RBCs) and complement 4 (C4), where they remained unchanged after treatment. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the two SLE groups regarding DNA titer and ANA titer as P-Value < 0.05.
Impact of chemical pesticides on antioxidant constituents and free radical scavenging capacity of pesticide-treated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits
Authors: D.H. Mhya  , J.S. Muhammad  , N.S. Urmar  , A. Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Tomato fruits are well-known with abundant antioxidants. However, they are often susceptible to pest attacks. To prevent spoilage, tomato fruits are sprayed with pesticides postharvest. On this basis, the study was conducted to examined impact of pesticide on antioxidant constituents of tomato fruits preserved under pesticides alongside other alternative preservative methods. Tomato fruits grown in a soil-free pesticides were divided into five groups, and each was preserved using different techniques: pesticide spray, freezing, drying, parboiling, and in distilled water which served as a normal control. A mixture of hexane, ethanol, and acetone (2:1:1) was used to extract antioxidant molecules from tomato fruits; the hexane fraction obtained was used to determine the concentration of lycopene, β-carotene, and Vitamins A, C, and E. Antioxidant activities were also investigated. The results of the study revealed that all the methods used in preserving tomato fruit cause alteration in antioxidant molecules, Lycopene in preserved fruits is ≤2.52±0.89mg/g FW (fresh weight) compared to 5.07±0.08mg/g FW (normal control), and β-carotene; ≤1.49±0.09mg/g FW compared to 2.99±0.23mg/g FW (normal control). Vitamin A declined from 30.30±1.79 mg/100g extract (normal control) to ≤28.25±0.49 mg/100g extract (preserved fruits). Vitamin E in normal control is 5.07±0.08 mg/100g extract, declining to ≤4.86±0.04 mg/100g extract (preserved fruits). DPPH radical scavenging by fruits preserved under pesticide is 61–70%; other methods is 70–75%; normal control (81.53%); and ascorbic acid (88.50%). In conclusion, preservation of tomato fruits causes a decline in antioxidant molecules, with pesticides causing a greater loss compared to methods like freezing, drying, and parboiling.
Ricardian analysis of the impact of climate change on millet farms in Sokoto state
Authors: K. Ibrahim
Published: September 2024

In recent years the main global concern about climate change is the risk it poses to food production, especially in countries that relied heavily on agriculture for survival. Current forecast of the impact of climate change in Nigeria reveals that crop yield will significantly decline. Millet which is widely grown in Sokoto state will also be affected. The main objective of this study is to measure the economic impact of climate change on maize productivity in Sokoto state. Ricardian technique involving panel data was used for the study. The units of analysis were farmers who grow millet crop. Sampling of respondents was done in stages, firstly, local government and districts that produce millet on wide scale were purposively chosen for the study, at the second stage respondents from two districts in the chosen LGA’s were randomly selected via systematic random sampling method. About 500 respondents were selected from the sampling frame. In the first stage of the analysis the model measured the economic impact of climate change on millet and in the second stage; marginal and future impacts of climate change were estimated. Results showed that climate change will have varying impact on net farm income from millet crop, element of temperature will impact more on net income as against rainfall. In addition, market, farm size and farm power significantly affected farm income. Findings of the study revealed that future change in climate will lead to decline in farm income.
The Transformative Impact of Digital Financial Inclusion Among Marginalized Groups on Economic Growth
Authors: Mwakalila Enock , Kasongwa Lusekelo
Published: September 2024

The study empirically analyzes the effect of digital financial inclusion on economic growth in Africa. The digital financial inclusion variables are ownership of digital financial devices/mobile money accounts and usage of digital financial services for female, poor, less educated, and unemployed individuals in the region. Panel data is collected from 39 African countries over three years (2014, 2017, and 2022). The Fixed Effect (Fe) Model and system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation techniques are performed. The results show a significant and positive impact of using digital financial services on the economic growth of all marginalized groups in Africa. This promising finding underscores the potential of digital financial inclusion to drive economic growth and development. Therefore, the study recommends that the government and other stakeholders formulate specific policies to ensure that marginalized groups are empowered in the digital financial world and contribute to the overall development of the countries on the continent.
Seroprevalence and related risk factors of Hepatitis E virus infection among pregnant women attendees at Adeoye Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Ike W. E. , Oduleye A. O. , Ariom T. O. , Igbokwe C. O. , Ike A. J. , Okiye J. A.
Published: September 2024

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major public health problem in developing countries and often fatal among pregnant women. This study investigated the seroprevalence and risk factors of HEV infection in pregnant patients at Adeoyo General Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. The cross-sectional study was carried out from January 15, 2022 to September 30, 2022. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to assess the levels of anti- HEV IgM and IgG in 210 blood samples from pregnant women who gave their consent and joined the study. Utilizing structured questionnaires, the risk variables and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed. Out of the 210 pregnant women sampled, anti-HEV IgM/IgG seroprevalence of (1.9%/2.9%) were recorded respectively. The seroprevalence was greater (4.0%/8.0%) in the age group of 35 to 39 years and zero  in age ranges 15 – 19, and >40 years. The highest prevalence for anti-HEV IgM was recorded among primary school subject (12.5%), followed by secondary (1.9%), and 4.1% among tertiary subject for anti-HEV IgG. After logistic regression, marital status, and occupation were found not to be significant risk factors for active HEV infection (p>0.05). This study found a considerably low level of anti-HEV IgM seropositivity among pregnant women in the study group, which is indicative of emerging and non-active HEV infection. This is based on the 10.8% pooled national prevalence of HEV infection in Nigeria.
Male Involvement in Family Planning Services Utilization and Associated Factors in Musanze District, Northern Rwanda
Authors: Manirafasha Emmanuel Ndahiro , Nishimwe Clemence
Published: September 2024

BackgroundMale involvement in family planning (FP) is crucial for reducing unplanned pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and maternal and child mortality. As primary decision-makers in many African households, men significantly influence women’s use of contraceptive methods. However, male participation in FP services remains limited for various reasons. This study aims to assess male involvement in FP services and associated factors in Musanze district, Northern Rwanda.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 397 married men in Musanze district. Participants were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through pre-tested, interview-administered questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with male involvement in FP services.ResultsThe overall level of male involvement in FP services was 36.7%. Male involvement was influenced by age (OR=6.199, 95% CI: 1.727-22.251), employment status (OR=2, 95% CI: 1.24-3.224) and distance to the FP facilities (OR=0.071, 95% CI: 0.009-0.579).ConclusionMale involvement in FP services in Musanze district is low. Factors such as age, employment, and distance to FP facilities influence male involvement in FP. Integrating men into existing FP services could enhance utilization and sustainability.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):248-259
Radiographic Spectrums of Adults with Traumatic Femoral Shaft Fracture in the South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Osinaike Omotayo Oluseyi , Adekoya Abiola Omobonike , Jaiyesimi Mobolaji Abiodun , Akinola Racheal Adeyanju , Balogun Babajide Olawale
Published: September 2024

BackgroundFemoral shaft fracture injuries are common in our environment. The weight-bearing function of the femur makes its damage important in the young and adult population, as it leads to prolonged immobilization and hospitalization, which may result in pulmonary embolism and even death. ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between the mechanism of injury and the patterns of fractures on the plain radiographs of adults with femoral shaft fractures.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 390 adults with 402 femoral shaft fractures at three tertiary hospitals’ Surgical Emergency and Orthopedics units was carried out over one year using plain radiographs. The demographics, fracture etiology, fracture site, and associated injuries were evaluated. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 23.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) ResultsThe mean age was 40.93 (SD=16.3) years. Road traffic accidents (82.8%) were the commonest etiology, while mid-shaft fracture (52.2%) and comminuted fractures (36.3%) were the most common fracture sites and fracture patterns, respectively. Soft tissue injuries were commonly associated. ConclusionRoad traffic accident was the most common cause of femoral shaft fracture. The pattern of femoral fractures varied with age and the etiology of injury. Reducing road traffic accidents is key to decreasing femoral shaft fractures worldwide. The prompt assessment of femoral shaft fracture will enhance its effective management, reducing mortality and morbidity in affected individuals.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):120-130
Knowledge and Attitudes of Circumcision among Adult Male Clients Receiving Care in a Teaching Hospital in Kigali City, Rwanda
Authors: Innocent Mwiseneza  , Aline Umuhoza  , Reverien Rutayisire  , Albert Ndagijimana
Published: September 2024

BackgroundSurgical male circumcision is one of the oldest and most frequently performed surgical procedures in the world. It reduces the risk of heterosexually acquired HIV infection by around 60%. Knowledge and Attitudes toward male circumcision are still a concern in Rwanda as male circumcision is not traditionally widespread in the country. This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of male clients attending RMH regarding circumcision.MethodologyA cross-sectional study design was used. Participants were 355 adult males and data was collected during 10 days. A structured questionnaire was used. Descriptive and analytical statistics were computed and OR, p values were presented in tables.ResultsThe participants were sufficiently knowledgeable at 79.4% (n=282) and had positive attitudes at 57.7% (n=205) towards medical male circumcision(MMC). Private sector employees, method used for MMC, positive attitude, and proof of manhood were associated with knowledge with COR=0.291,(CI=0.095–0.891), p-value 0.031; COR=1.872, (CI=1.076–3.258], p-value 0.026; COR=0.492,(CI=0.255–0.767), p-value 0.004; COR=2.336,(CI=1.329–4.107) p-value 0.003 respectively. Community encouragement and knowledge were associated with attitude COR=1.680,(CI=1.025–2.753), p-value 0.040; COR=0.413,(CI=0.245–0.696), p-value 0.001 respectively.ConclusionKnowledge of male circumcision was sufficient and attitudes were positive. Generally, participants were highly motivated and knowledgeable about MMS.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):359-371
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Low-Birth-Weight in Kicukiro District, Rwanda
Authors: Mumporeze Jeanne , Ogendi Japheths
Published: September 2024

BackgroundLow birth weight (LBW) and neonatal deaths have continued to be a major global challenge. The global prevalence of LBW is 15.5 per cent, which amounts to about 30 million LBW infants born each year, 96.5 per cent of them are found in developing countries according to the World Health Organization. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with LBW amongst children aged 0 to 15 months at immunization clinics brought by mothers at health centers in Kicukiro district, Kigali city, Rwanda.MethodsA cross-sectional design, quantitative approach was used. Three hundred forty nine participants were chosen by a systematic sampling technique. A questionnaire using Open Data Kit (ODK) and SPSS version 21 were used for data collection and analysis respectively. Multivariable analysis was utilized to identify the factors associated with LBW for p-value <0.05.ResultsThe LBW prevalence in Kicukiro District, Kigali was 23.8%. Adolescent mothers under 18 years (AOR=32.49, p=002), pre-delivery weight loss (AOR=2.18, p=018) and multiple babies (AOR=6.16, p=004) were significantly associated with LBW.ConclusionIn conclusion, low birth weight is an important problem that needs to be addressed in Kicukiro district. Interventions would mainly focus on the key determinants of low birth weight relating to adolescent mothers under 18 years, pre-delivery weight loss and mothers with multiple babies.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):131-139
Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitude, and Factors Associated With Practices of High Blood Pressure Prevention among Employees of an Authority in Kigali City
Authors: Icyimpaye Joyce , Ogendi Japheths
Published: September 2024

Background Hypertension is becoming a burden globally with a significant shift in developing countries resulting from rapid urbanization with associated changes in lifestyles. In Rwanda, there is limited knowledge about high blood pressure and its prevention measures practices among office workers.ObjectiveThis study assessed the prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and factors associated with practices to prevent high blood pressure among employees of an authority in Kigali City. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken with 166 employees of Rwanda FDA to collect data on blood pressure levels, knowledge, attitude and practice toward prevention of High Blood Pressure. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried out using SPSS version 21. Results The study surveyed 166 participants, mostly male (61.4%). High blood pressure prevalence was 4.8%, 81.3% had good knowledge, 69.3% had positive attitude, and 7.2% had good practice. This study discovered that the respondents with poor knowledge were less likely to have good practice.Conclusion The study revealed lower blood pressure prevalence and high knowledge among participants, however, some knowledge questions on hypertension symptoms and complications were not answered correctly. Moreover, a quarter of participants with High blood pressure were unaware of their condition. These findings highlighted the need for public health education and awareness programs.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):204-216
Application of combined erlotinib and bronchoscopic interventional therapy in the treatment of bronchial lung cancer
Authors: Jiang Ting , Fu Yi , Xue Luomei , Lan Fayong , Tan Miao
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of combined drug therapy and bronchoscopy intervention in the treatment of bronchial lung cancer.
Methods: A total of 80 patients with bronchial lung cancer admitted in The Third People's Hospital of Xindu District, Chengdu, China were enrolled and assigned in control and study groups (n = 40), and received bronchoscopy intervention alone and combined bronchoscopy intervention/erlotinib therapy, respectively, over a period of 4 weeks. Erlotinib therapy was given by oral administration of 150 mg once daily. Efficacy, levels of serum tumor marker, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) content, and incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups of patients were evaluated.
Results: The overall response rate (ORR) in the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (27.5 vs 55.0 %, p < 0.05). Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) decreased significantly after treatment, when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, after treatment, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels in the study group were lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 12.5 and 17.5 % in the control and study groups, respective (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The combination of erlotinib therapy and bronchoscopy intervention significantly improves therapeutic efficacy, as well as serum tumor marker and MMP levels in bronchial lung cancer patients. Furthermore, it is safe as it does not significantly increase the risk of adverse reactions. However, further and broader clinical trials are recommended prior to its application in clinical practice.
Safety and tolerability of moxifloxacin in pediatric population: A systematic review of evidence based practice
Authors: Alshammari Mohammed Kanan , AlAtwi Noura Abdullah , Alshehri Wejdan Mohammed , Altwijri Shatha Khaled , Alsheehe Sama Abdulmohsen , Alshammari Abdulaziz Khalaf , Alroqi Rehab Raja , Alsharafi Raghad Othman , Alshehri Razan Ali , Alenazi Khalid Mokhlef , Alenazi Faisal shouick , Alenazy Nasser Hamdan , Alanazi Faisal Saleem , Aljasim Mujtaba Abbas Jasim , Alahmari Fatimah Raja
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the adverse events (AEs) associated with moxifloxacin (MFX) use in children below the age of 18 years.
Methods: This review was performed in conformity with the preferred items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines using different databases. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were screened and the studies were selected for the qualitative synthesis.
Results: A total of 21 studies were included in the systematic review. Among these, 7 retrospective cohort studies, 6 case reports, 3 prospective cohort studies, 2 randomized clinical trials (RCT) and the remainder utilized other methodologies. The variability in studies allowed for an assessment of the safety and tolerability of both short-term and long-term MFX administration in pediatric patients.
Conclusion: Although MFX use is associated with AEs, the majority were mild and resolved on their own. The reason for QTc prolongation and elevated liver enzymes remain a question for clinicians in prescribing MFX in pediatric patients.
Effect of competitive flow and diltiazem on postoperative hemodynamics and long term patency rate after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Cong Feng , Meng Xiangbin , Bing Weidong , Liu Chengxin , Zhao Xin , Bi Yanwen
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To determine the effect of competitive flow and diltiazem on postoperative hemodynamics and long-term patency rate in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical records of 98 patients who underwent CABG at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from March 2018 to September 2020. Among them, 47 patients who underwent CABG alone were assigned to control group, while 51 patients who received additional diltiazem were assigned to study group. The severity of coronary artery stenosis (CAS) was evaluated through preoperative coronary angiography, and bridge vessel flow compared between severe stenosis and non-severe stenosis groups. Changes in hemodynamic parameters between two groups were compared before surgery, as well as 12 and 24 h after surgery.
Results: A significantly higher bridge vessel blood flow was found in severe stenosis group compared to non-severe stenosis group (p < 0.05). The CAS severity and bridge vessel blood flow revealed an inverse relationship (r = - 0.792, p < 0.001). At 12 and 24 h post-surgery, the study group exhibited significantly lower central venous pressure (CVP), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) than the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in adverse cardiovascular effects (ACEs), between the two groups after 12 months (p > 0.05). Similarly, there was no significant difference in graft patency rate, mild stenosis rate, severe stenosis rate, complete occlusion rate, and linear signs rate 12 months post-operation (p > 0.05). However, the patency rate was significantly higher in cases with severe stenosis (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Postoperative administration of diltiazem in patients undergoing CABG improves systemic hemodynamic parameters. However, competitive blood flow may potentially decrease the long-term patency rate of bridge vessels in patients.
Protective effect of combined use of standard drug therapy and spironolactone against arrhythmia and heart failure in patients with acute ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wang Rongrong , Zheng Yuanxi , Chen Liangchuan
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To determine the mitigating impact of standardized drug therapy in combination with spironolactone on arrhythmia and heart failure in subjects with severe ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) following exigency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: 120 severe STEMI subjects who underwent exigency PCI were assigned to control and study groups, with 60 patients in each group. Control group received long-term aspirin therapy (85 mg/day, orally) after emergency PCI, while study group received long-term spironolactone therapy (50 mg/day, orally) plus control cohort drug regimen. Treatment effectiveness, heart function, quality of life, electrolyte levels (K+ and Mg2+), and incidence of cardiac adverse events were determined before and post-treatment.
Results: Treatment efficacy was markedly greater in study cohort. Post-treatment values of LVEF indicators in both groups were significantly greater than the pre-treatment levels, with markedly higher study cohort levels. In contrast, values of LVEDD and LVESD indicators were significantly reduced in both groups after treatment, but the levels in study group were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Scores on indices of physical function, psychological function, social function, and physical quality of life in both groups were significantly increased after treatment, with significantly higher scores in study cohort (p < 0.05). Post-therapy serum concentrations of K+ and Mg2+ were markedly raised in both groups but with higher levels in study cohort. Incidents of unwanted heart situations were lower in study cohort.
Conclusion: Combined use of standard drugs and spironolactone for the treatment of severe STEM1 subjects following emergency PCI is effective. More studies are required to elaborate the mechanistic characteristics of this combination.
Promising reduction of de novo resistance to endocrine therapies in breast cancer by small molecules from natural origin: A structural approach
Authors: Etti Imaobong , Kadir Arifah , Uweh Esther , Okuku Cecilia , Abdullah Rasedee
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the pharmacokinetic properties and inhibitory binding interaction between naturally occurring phytochemicals and a mutated human estrogen receptor (hERα) using an in silico approach.
Methods: Naturally occurring small molecules, viz, myricetin, catechin, pinobanksin, pinocembrin, gelagin and pinostrobin, were investigated for their drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties. After that, molecular docking was used to study their binding affinities to Y537S (Tyr537Ser: a mutated estrogen receptor alpha, prominent in metastatic breast cancers). The structure of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of human estrogen receptor was retrieved from Protein Data Bank while the structures of the studied compounds were collected from PubChem database. Using Schrodinger docking studio, the binding interactions of each phytochemical were investigated with the mutated estrogen receptor.
Results: All studied compounds were observed to be drug-like with good physicochemical properties. Myricetin, catechin, pinobanksin, pinocembrin, gelagin and pinostrobin showed good solubilities in human oral absorption and good intestinal permeability, which are the rate-limiting barriers for oral drug absorption. The distribution of the studied ligands and their plasma protein binding parameters were better than those of tamoxifen, which has previously been reported with high potential binding to albumin. None of the studied compounds showed central nervous system toxicity. The binding studies revealed good inhibition of the LBD of Y537S-hERα. This is a targeted approach to selectively inhibit this receptor which has been reported to confer ligand-independent functions to ERα. This inhibition prevents downstream signaling and metastasis, rendering breast cancer cells harboring such mutations susceptible to apoptosis upon treatment with endocrine therapies.
Conclusion: The compounds have the potential to mitigate de novo resistance in breast cancer cells harboring mutated estrogen receptors and should be further investigated as they are promising for oral delivery.
Effect of a combination of alendronate sodium and radial shock wave on hemorheology and degree of pain in patients with femoral head necrosis
Authors: Jiang Lei , Zhang Xiafen , Ji Yichao , Shen Xu , Zhang Fan
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To determine the effect of alendronate sodium combined with radial shock wave on hemorheology and degree of pain in patients with femoral head necrosis.
Methods: The study comprised 188 patients with femoral head necrosis treated in Taizhou People’s Hospital, China from June 2020 to June 2022. They were divided into control group (CG, n = 96) and study group (SG, n = 92). Control group was given radial shock wave therapy once in 30 days, while the study group was given alendronate sodium orally (10 mg/daily) for 3 months, as well as radial shock wave therapy. Hemorheology indices (plasma viscosity (PV), low-cut reduced viscosity (LRV), high-cut reduced viscosity (HRV)); degree of pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)), joint muscle strength, and clinical efficacy in both groups were compared.
Results: The SG had significantly lower levels of PV, LRV and HRV, and lesser MPQ scores at 1 month (T1) and 2 months post-treatment (T2) than CG (p < 0.05). The post-treatment levels of PV, LRV, HRV, and MPQ scores at T1 stage in the two groups were significantly lower than the pre-treatment (T0) scores (p < 0.001). The scores of PV, LRV, HRV, and MPQ at T2 in both groups were significantly lower than the corresponding T1 scores (p < 0.05). Higher numbers of cases with grade 4 and grade 5 joint muscle strength were seen in SG than in CG at T2. Treatment efficacy/effectiveness in SG was significantly higher than in CG (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Alendronate sodium combination with radial shock wave, produces significant improvement in femoral head necrosis, mitigates symptoms and enhances joint muscle strength of patients. Future studies with larger sample sizes will be necessary to validate the outcome of this study.
Impact of selected sedative agents on inflammatory immune response and clinical outcomes in mechanically-ventilated patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by sepsis
Authors: Shi Weitao , Yu Jiani , Wang Xudong , Xu Jie , Yuan Jieqing , Zhao Yuliang
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To determine the diverse impact of dexmedetomidine (Dex), propofol (Pro), and midazolam (Mid) sedation on immune response, inflammation, and treatment effects in mechanically-ventilated patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) complicated by sepsis.
Methods: 90 patients with AECOPD complicated by sepsis who were undergoing mechanical ventilation in Xuzhou First People's Hospital, China were randomly divided into Pro, Dex and Mid groups, with 30 patients in each group. Prior to the initiation of mechanical ventilation treatment, participants in each group received a slow intravenous injection of 10 - 40 mg of Pro, Dex (1 μg/kg) or Mid (0.05 mg/kg). Throughout the treatment period, each group underwent continuous intravenous infusion, with Pro, Dex and Mid administered at a rate of 0.3 - 4 mg/kg/h; 0.2 - 0.7 μg/kg/h, and 0.02 - 0.1 mg/kg/h, respectively.
Results: On the 6th post-treatment day, concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 in Pro, Dex and Mid groups were 44.82 ± 25.32, 29.84 ± 26.23, and 43.45 ± 24.57 pg/mL; 12.78 ± 4.48, 9.62 ± 2.28, and 12.19 ± 5.20 pg/mL, and 9.57 ± 3.29, 7.38 ± 2.46, and 10.41 ± 3.66 pg/mL, respectively. The Dex group exhibited significantly lower levels than the pre-treatment levels when compared to others (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: In patients with AECOPD complicated by sepsis, dexmedetomidine sedation effectively mitigates inflammatory response, enhances immune function, improves oxygenation index, enhances lung static compliance, and decreases hospitalization time. Future studies will require a larger sample size drawn from multiracial populations to validate the findings of this report.
Effect of lipoic acid combination with valsartan on diabetic nephropathy and associated adverse reactions
Authors: Wang Minqin , Luo Jiaying , Xue Jisu
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of lipoic acid combination with valsartan on diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its associated adverse  reactions.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 120 patients who treated for DN at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen  University, China between August 2019 and October 2022. Based on different treatment approaches, control group comprised 55 patients  receiving valsartan alone, while joint group consisted of 65 patients receiving a combination of valsartan and lipoic acid.  Therapeutic effectiveness and adverse events were compared between the groups. Additionally, changes in blood glucose and renal  function parameters were evaluated pre- and post-treatment.
Results: Post-treatment, both groups exhibited improvements in blood  glucose and renal function parameters compared to pre-treatment values (p < 0.05). However, joint group demonstrated superior improvements in these parameters compared to control group (p < 0.05). Total efficacy was significantly higher in the joint group than in  control group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups' incidence of adverse reactions (p > 0.05).  
Conclusion: Concurrent therapy of lipoic acid and valsartan sly treats DN. It enhances the regulation of blood glucose levels and  improves renal function with high safety. Further studies employing larger sample sizes and prospective designs with comprehensive  patient follow-up are required to further validate and enhance the reliability of these findings.
Effect of amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium and potential factors influencing umbilical cord separation time in preterm infants
Authors: Zhang Li-li , Wang Li-li , You Mei , Wei Zi-xuan , Ding Yuan , Han Nan-nan , Kong Yuan-yuan , Wang Xiao-yan , Jin Xiao-li , Li Li , Liu An-nuo
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium and potential factors influencing umbilical cord separation time in preterm infants.
Methods: A total of 151 preterm infants admitted to the Neonatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,  Hefei, China, from November 2020 to June 2021 were selected. Preterm infants were randomly divided into control and study groups.  Control group received 2 % povidone-iodine and 75 % ethanol application, followed by gentle pressure with a cotton swab while the study  group received amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium applied to the umbilical cord while shaking. The management interventions were  stopped after umbilical cord separation in preterm infants, and the difference in umbilical cord separation time between the two  groups was compared. Factors associated with preterm birth conditions, hospitalization, and maternal health were identified by  univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results: The number of cases with umbilical cord separation time > 14 days was  significantly higher in the study group compared to control group (p < 0.05). The average umbilical cord separation time in the study  group was significantly lower compared to control group (p < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that incubator residence time  significantly affects umbilical cord separation time in preterm infants (p < 0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis identified  incubator residence time as the main factor influencing umbilical cord separation time in preterm infants.
Conclusion: The use of  amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium shortens umbilical cord separation time, and incubator residence time is the major factor influencing  umbilical cord separation in preterm infants. Further studies should expand the study scale and increase the number of samples used.