bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relational Extraction from Biomedical Texts with Capsule Network and Hybrid Knowledge Graph Embeddings
Authors: Chen Yutong , Li Xia , Liu Yang , Bi Peng , Hu Tiangui
Published: December 2024

In the expanding landscape of biomedical literature, numerous latent associations outlined in scholarly papers await discovery and integration into biomedical databases. Biomedical Natural Language Processing (NLP) research focuses on automating knowledge extraction and mining from this literature, particularly emphasizing the essential task of Relation Extraction (RE). However, existing models have limitations, mainly in their applicability to partial datasets for RE tasks. Moreover, conventional models often treat RE as a binary classification challenge, which proves suboptimal given the diverse relationships, including intricate ones like similarity and hierarchy, present in the RE dataset. These limitations are exacerbated by the models’ inability to capture word-level positional nuances and sentence-level language features. In response to these challenges, we present a novel RE model called BicapBert. This model integrates neural networks and capsule networks, enhancing them with hybrid knowledge graph embeddings to extract relevant features. BicapBert utilizes PubMedBERT and capsule networks to extract word-level positional and sentence-level language features. It further captures knowledge features from a biomedical knowledge graph, integrating them with the aforementioned linguistic features. The amalgamated information is then input into a multi-layer perceptron, culminating in results derived through a softmax classifier. Experimental evaluations on three extensive RE task datasets showcase the state-of-the-art performance of our proposed model. Additionally, we validate the model’s efficacy on three randomly selected biomedical datasets for various tasks, further affirming its superiority.
Identification of Structural Constituents in Advanced Multiphase High-Strength Steels Using Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction
Authors: Kozłowska Aleksandra , Radwański Krzysztof , Grajcar Adam
Published: December 2024

This study addresses the characterization of the particular microstructural constituents of multiphase transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP)-aided steels belonging to the first and third generations of Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) to explore the possibilities of the EBSD method. Complex microstructures composed of ferrite, bainite, retained austenite and martensite were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. Microstructural constituents with the same crystal structure were distinguished using characteristic EBSD parameters like confidence index (CI), image quality (IQ), kernel average misorientation (KAM) and specific crystallographic orientation relationships. A detailed linear analysis of the IQ parameter and misorientation angles was also performed. These tools are very helpful in linking different symmetric or asymmetric features of metallic alloys with a type of their structure and morphology details. Two types of samples were investigated: thermomechanically processed and subjected to 10% tensile strain to study the microstructural changes caused by plastic deformation.
Dynamic Inverse Control of Uncertain Pure Feedback Systems Based on Extended State Observer
Authors: Wang Yuanqing , Ma Wenyao , Zhang Guichen
Published: December 2024

A novel, precise disturbance rejection dynamic inversion control algorithm has been proposed. In the high-order dynamic surface control system, an innovative approach utilizes a monotonically increasing inverse hyperbolic sine function to construct an extended state observer, which estimates the uncertain functions at each step. The monotonicity of the inverse hyperbolic sine function simplifies the system stability analysis. Additionally, being a smooth function, it avoids the disturbances caused by piecewise functions at their breakpoints in conventional observer construction, thereby enhancing system stability. The accurate prediction capability of the new observer improves the system’s disturbance rejection performance. To address the inherent differential explosion phenomenon in traditional dynamic inversion control schemes, this paper ingeniously employs a tracking signal observer as a substitute for traditional filters, thus avoiding the differential explosion that may occur with first-order filters. Finally, comparative simulations were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that both the observer and the controller possess high-gain characteristics, and the closed-loop system exhibits a fast convergence rate.
Parking Pricing in the Morning Commute Problem Considering Human Exposure to Vehicular Emissions
Authors: Tan Yu , Yuan Zhenchao , Ma Rui , Sun Zhanbo
Published: December 2024

Walking is the final phase of the morning commute, during which commuters are exposed to vehicular emissions. This study proposes a novel analytical model to evaluate how emission exposure affects commuters’ departure time choices and parking behavior. Different from traditional bottleneck models, our model includes a nonlinear term in the generalized cost function to account for emission exposure. The findings reveal that, at user equilibrium, rational commuters seeking to minimize their own generalized costs will park outward, resulting in undesired scenarios in which all walking commuters suffer from emission exposure. However, we show that in a system-optimal scenario, emission exposure can be eliminated if commuters park inward; the schedule delay cost is minimized in such a parking order. To achieve this outcome, we propose a new spatiotemporal parking pricing scheme designed to reduce the overall system cost and incentivize inward parking patterns. Case studies using empirical data show that this pricing approach, independent of specific parking orders, effectively encourages inward parking, thereby minimizing emissions and improving commuter welfare. Hopefully, findings from this research can provide insights to the development of effective roadside parking pricing strategies.
Awareness and Knowledge of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Among Pregnant Women and New Mothers: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Okman Esin , Yalçın Sıddika Songül
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that interfere with hormone regulation, leading to adverse health outcomes. Despite the wide use of EDCs in daily products like plastics, personal care items, and food packaging, public awareness remains low. Pregnant women and new mothers are particularly vulnerable, as exposure to EDCs during early life stages can have long-term health impacts. This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study aimed to assess the awareness of EDCs among pregnant women and new mothers at a maternity hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital between January and August 2022. A questionnaire based on the Mutualités Libres/AIM 2020 survey was used to assess awareness of EDCs among pregnant and postpartum women. The original survey was adapted culturally and linguistically for the Turkish population through translation and expert review. The questionnaire included sections on sociodemographics, habits, knowledge, information sources, healthcare, readiness for change, expectations, and attitudes. Results: The results showed that 59.2% of participants were unfamiliar with EDCs, and many lacked awareness of the associated health risks, including cancers, infertility, and developmental disorders in children. A significant portion of respondents had never heard of bisphenol A (BPA) or phthalates, while awareness of parabens was relatively higher. Conclusions: The study concluded that increasing awareness of EDCs is essential for fostering informed avoidance behaviors, especially in vulnerable populations like pregnant women and new mothers. Public health campaigns and healthcare provider involvement are crucial for enhancing awareness and reducing the health risks associated with EDCs.
Identification of Three Novel O-Linked Glycans in the Envelope Protein of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus
Authors: Könighofer Ebba , Mirgorodskaya Ekaterina , Nyström Kristina , Stiasny Karin , Kärmander Ambjörn , Bergström Tomas , Nordén Rickard
Published: December 2024

The tick-borne encephalitis virus is a pathogen endemic to northern Europe and Asia, transmitted through bites from infected ticks. It is a member of the Flaviviridae family and possesses a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome encoding a polypeptide that is processed into seven non-structural and three structural proteins, including the envelope (E) protein. The glycosylation of the E protein, involving a single N-linked glycan at position N154, plays a critical role in viral infectivity and pathogenesis. Here, we dissected the entire glycosylation profile of the E protein using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and identified three novel O-linked glycans, which were found at relatively low frequency. One of the O-linked glycans was positioned close to the highly conserved N-linked glycan site, and structural analysis suggested that it may be relevant for the function of the E 150-loop. The N154 site was found to be glycosylated with a high frequency, containing oligomannose or complex-type structures, some of which were fucosylated. An unusually high portion of oligomannose N-linked glycan structures exhibited compositions that are normally observed on proteins when they are translocated from the endoplasmic reticulum to the trans-Golgi network, suggesting disruption of the glycan processing pathway in the infected cells from which the E protein was obtained.
African Swine Fever in Saxony—Disease Dynamics
Authors: Schulz Katja , Blome Sandra , Richter Michael , Carrau Tessa , Staubach Christoph , Sauter-Louis Carola
Published: December 2024

African swine fever (ASF) emerged in Germany in 2020. A few weeks after the initial occurrence, infected wild boar were detected in Saxony. In this study, data from wild boar surveillance in Saxony were analyzed. The analysis focused on the eastern districts of the state, where the disease likely spread through infected wild boar. Additionally, data from Meissen, located approximately 65 km further west, were examined. In Meissen, the disease emerged one year later, and a human-mediated introduction was suspected. To evaluate the progression of ASF in the two study areas over time, data from active and passive surveillance were analyzed both descriptively and using a Bayesian space–time model. Prevalence estimates were calculated for wild boar testing positive for the ASF virus and for ASF-specific antibodies. Higher prevalence estimates were observed in the eastern districts, indicating a stronger viral load, consistent with patterns seen in other European regions. Over time, seroprevalence increased, suggesting an accumulation of surviving wild boar. The findings provide important insights into the epidemiology of ASF in wild boar over time. They complement the existing knowledge and support targeted ASF control measures. This is particularly significant, as ASF continues to spread across Europe rather than being successfully eradicated.
Peripheral B Lymphocyte Serves as a Reservoir for the Persistently Covert Infection of Mandarin Fish Siniperca chuatsi Ranavirus
Authors: Zhang Wenfeng , Gong Hui , Sun Qianqian , Fu Yuting , Wu Xiaosi , Deng Hengwei , Weng Shaoping , He Jianguo , Dong Chuanfu
Published: December 2024

Mandarin fish ranavirus (MRV) is a distinctive member among the genus Ranavirus of the family Iridoviridae. The persistently covert infection of MRV was previously observed in a natural outbreak of MRV, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that mandarin fish peripheral B lymphocytes are implemented as viral reservoirs to maintain the persistent infection. When mandarin fish were infected with a sublethal dosage of MRV under a nonpermissive temperature (19 °C) and a permissive temperature (26 °C), all of the fish in the 19 °C group survived and entered the persistent phase of infection, characterized by a very low viral load in white blood cells, whereas some of the fish died of MRV infection in the 26 °C group, and the survival fish then initiated a persistent infection status. Raising the temperature, vaccination and dexamethasone treatment can reactivate the quiescent MRV to replicate and result in partial mortality. The viral reservoir investigation showed that IgM+-labeled B lymphocytes, but not CD3Δ+-labeled T lymphocytes and MRC-1+-labeled macrophages, are target cells for the persistent infection of MRV. Moreover, the reactivation of the quiescent MRV was confirmed through a non-TLR5 signal pathway manner. Collectively, we demonstrate the presence of the B cell-dependent persistent infection of ranavirus, and provide a new clue for better understanding the complex infection mechanism of vertebrate iridovirus.
Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review
Authors: Martora Fabrizio , Battista Teresa , Potestio Luca , Napolitano Maddalena , Patruno Cataldo , Megna Matteo , D’Agostino Michela
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged the rapid development and licensing of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, numerous vaccines are available on a global scale and are based on different mechanisms of action, including mRNA technology, viral vectors, inactive viruses, and subunit particles. Mass vaccination conducted worldwide has highlighted the potential development of side effects, including ones with skin involvement. This review synthesizes data from 62 manuscripts, reporting a total of 142 cases of autoimmune blistering skin diseases (AIBDs) following COVID-19 vaccination, comprising 59 cases of pemphigus and 83 cases of bullous pemphigoid. Among the 83 bullous pemphigoid cases, 78 were BP, with additional cases including 2 oral mucous membrane pemphigoid, 1 pemphigoid gestationis, 1 anti-p200 BP, and 1 dyshidrosiform BP. The mean age of affected individuals was 72 ± 12.7 years, with an average symptom onset of 11 ± 10.8 days post-vaccination. Notably, 59% of cases followed vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), 51.8% were new diagnoses, and 45.8% occurred after the second dose. The purpose of our review is to analyze the cases of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid associated with COVID-19 vaccination and to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the new development or flare-up of these diseases in association with vaccination. Our results show that the association between COVID-19 vaccines and AIBDs is a possible event.
Post-Pandemic Perspectives: Willingness, Risk Perception and Factors Influencing COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Uptake Among Thai Healthcare Workers and Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Kitro Amornphat , Sirikul Wachiranun , Polpitakchai Chanachai , Panumasvivat Jinjuta , Yamsiri Ranchana , Tasena Pacharee , Punyaphab Chutima , Rungsiyakull Chaiy , Sapbamrer Ratana , Siviroj Penprapa , Srithanaviboonchai Kriengkrai
Published: December 2024

Background: The emergence of new COVID-19 variants continues to affect healthcare workers (HCWs) and vulnerable populations in the post-pandemic era. This study aims to assess the willingness, perceptions, and factors associated with booster COVID-19 vaccine uptake in this context. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2023 and May 2024 among Thai adults (>20 years old) in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand. Participants included HCWs and patients with chronic medical conditions. People who had received a monovalent XBB-derived booster vaccine were excluded. Results: Data related to a total of 811 participants were analyzed, with 328 from the vulnerable group and 483 HCWs. Willingness to receive the booster was similar in both groups (43.3% in HCWs, 45.0% in the vulnerable group). Low-risk perception (59.6%–83.5%), minimal impact on daily life (60.4%–62.9%), and doubts about booster efficacy (75.9%–81.4%) were prevalent negative thoughts toward the booster. Having received a flu vaccine (aOR 2.1), concerns about the impact on life of COVID-19 (aOR 1.8), and beliefs in booster safety (aOR 1.8) and vaccine effectiveness against severe disease (aOR 2.7) were associated with increased willingness. Conclusions: Only 44% of participants were willing to receive a COVID-19 booster. Policymakers can use these insights to develop strategies to increase vaccine uptake in the post-pandemic era.
Advantages of Broad-Spectrum Influenza mRNA Vaccines and Their Impact on Pulmonary Influenza
Authors: Cheng Ziqi , Ma Junfeng , Zhao Chenyan
Published: December 2024

Influenza poses a significant global health challenge due to its rapid mutation and antigenic variability, which often leads to seasonal epidemics and frequent outbreaks. Traditional vaccines struggle to offer comprehensive protection because of mismatches with circulating viral strains. The development of a broad-spectrum vaccine is therefore crucial. This paper explores the potential of mRNA vaccine technology to address these challenges by providing a swift, adaptable, and broad protective response against evolving influenza strains. We detail the mechanisms of antigenic variation in influenza viruses and discuss the rapid design and production, enhanced immunogenicity, encoding of multiple antigens, and safety and stability of mRNA vaccines compared to traditional methods. By leveraging these advantages, mRNA vaccines represent a revolutionary approach in influenza prevention, potentially offering broad-spectrum protection and significantly improving global influenza management and response strategies.
Vaccine Therapies for Prostate Cancer: Current Status and Future Outlook
Authors: Zhou Wenhao , Lu Xiaojun , Tian Feng , Luo Qianming , Zhou Weihang , Yang Siyuan , Li Wenxuan , Yang Yongjun , Shi Minfeng , Zhou Tie
Published: December 2024

Prostate cancer is a prevalent cancer in elderly men, and immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach in recent years. The aim of immunotherapy is to stimulate the body’s immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. Cancer vaccines that are highly specific, safe, and capable of creating long-lasting immune responses are a key focus in cancer immunotherapy research. Despite progress in clinical trials showing positive results, the practical use of cancer vaccines still encounters various obstacles. The complexity of the immune microenvironment and variations in the immune systems of individual patients have hindered the progress of research on prostate cancer vaccines. This review examines the history and mechanisms of cancer vaccines, summarizes recent clinical research findings, and explores future directions in the development of prostate cancer vaccines.
Is There Anything New in Canine AGASACA?
Authors: Cino Marzia , Martano Marina
Published: December 2024

Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) is a locally invasive tumor with a high potential for early metastasis. The most recent studies indicate that 23.4–83% of dogs have metastases to the iliosacral lymph nodes (LNs), and 2.1–31% have distant metastases to other organs at the time of first presentation. Usually, only one anal sac is affected, but bilateral involvement has been reported in 4–20% of dogs. About 16–53% of dogs present with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. The most recent studies show an overall improvement in median survival time (MST) (15–28 months) for dogs with different stages of AGASACA treated with surgery and adjuvant therapy compared to those treated with chemotherapy alone (6.9 to 8.7 months). The highest MST (22–32 months) was reported when radiation therapy (RT) was selected as a sole or adjunctive treatment. Several studies have been published to identify the subset of tumors with more aggressive behavior and higher metastatic potential. The main negative prognostic factors are the size of the primary tumor, metastatic regional lymphadenopathy at first presentation, the size and the number of the metastatic lymph nodes, distant metastases at the time of diagnosis, and the histological characteristics of the primary tumor. In this critical review, the latest advancements in histological diagnosis, staging, treatment, and prognosis of AGASACA are described. The aim is to provide a full overview of this neoplasm, focusing on the latest advancements on prognostic variables and treatments.
Automated Assessment of Pelvic Longitudinal Rotation Using Computer Vision in Canine Hip Dysplasia Screening
Authors: Franco-Gonçalo Pedro , Leite Pedro , Alves-Pimenta Sofia , Colaço Bruno , Gonçalves Lio , Filipe Vítor , McEvoy Fintan , Ferreira Manuel , Ginja Mário
Published: December 2024

Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) screening relies on accurate positioning in the ventrodorsal hip extended (VDHE) view, as even mild pelvic rotation can affect CHD scoring and impact breeding decisions. This study aimed to assess the association between pelvic rotation and asymmetry in obturator foramina areas (AOFAs) and to develop a computer vision model for automated AOFA measurement. In the first part, 203 radiographs were analyzed to examine the relationship between pelvic rotation, assessed through asymmetry in iliac wing and obturator foramina widths (AOFWs), and AOFAs. A significant association was found between pelvic rotation and AOFA, with AOFW showing a stronger correlation (R2 = 0.92, p < 0.01). AOFW rotation values were categorized into minimal (n = 71), moderate (n = 41), marked (n = 37), and extreme (n = 54) groups, corresponding to mean AOFA ± standard deviation values of 33.28 ± 27.25, 54.73 ± 27.98, 85.85 ± 41.31, and 160.68 ± 64.20 mm2, respectively. ANOVA and post hoc testing confirmed significant differences in AOFA across these groups (p < 0.01). In part two, the dataset was expanded to 312 images to develop the automated AOFA model, with 80% allocated for training, 10% for validation, and 10% for testing. On the 32 test images, the model achieved high segmentation accuracy (Dice score = 0.96; Intersection over Union = 0.93), closely aligning with examiner measurements. Paired t-tests indicated no significant differences between the examiner and model’s outputs (p > 0.05), though the Bland–Altman analysis identified occasional discrepancies. The model demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC = 0.99) with a standard error of 17.18 mm2. A threshold of 50.46 mm2 enabled effective differentiation between acceptable and excessive pelvic rotation. With additional training data, further improvements in precision are expected, enhancing the model’s clinical utility.
The Use of the Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test in Blood Granulocytes for Discriminating Bacterial and Non-Bacterial Neutrophilic Dermatitis
Authors: García Marina , Martínez-Flórez Icíar , Solano-Gallego Laia , García Nuria , Ordeix Laura
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to evaluate differences in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by peripheral blood neutrophils in healthy dogs, dogs with superficial pyoderma, and dogs with sterile neutrophilic dermatitis using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test. Additionally, the study assessed the potential of the NBT reduction test as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between these clinical conditions. A total of 28 dogs were divided into three groups: healthy (n = 10), superficial pyoderma (n = 10), and sterile neutrophilic dermatitis (n = 8). The results showed significantly higher neutrophil activation in dogs with sterile neutrophilic dermatitis (19 ± 10%) compared with healthy dogs (7.3 ± 5%) (p < 0.01) and dogs with superficial pyoderma (10 ± 2.8%) (p < 0.05). Dogs with sterile neutrophilic dermatitis and a high positive result for Leishmania spp. antibodies (n = 3) exhibited even higher NBT reduction rates (30 ± 4.6%) compared with seronegative dogs with sterile neutrophilic dermatitis (n = 5) (13 ± 5.3%) (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the NBT reduction test could be useful for detecting systemic neutrophil activation in sterile neutrophilic dermatitis, especially when associated with Leishmania infection. However, no significant differences were observed between healthy dogs and those with superficial pyoderma, indicating that the test may not be effective in detecting systemic neutrophil activation in superficial bacterial infections.
Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reduce Cell Viability and Migration of Metastatic Canine Oral Melanoma Cell Lines In Vitro
Authors: Teng Fwu Shing , de Faria Lainetti Patricia , Simão Franzoni Mayara , Fernando Leis Filho Antonio , de Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes Cristina , Laufer-Amorim Renée , Martins Amorim Rogério , Fonseca-Alves Carlos Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Canine oral melanoma (COM) is a promising target for immunomodulatory therapies aimed at enhancing the immune system’s antitumor response. Given that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties through cytokine release, we hypothesized that co-culturing Ad-MSCs and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) could stimulate interleukin (IL) production against melanoma cell lines (MCCLs) and help identify therapeutic targets. This study evaluated IL-2, IL-8, and IL-12 expressions in co-culture with MCCL, Ad-MSCs, and PBMCs and assessed the relationship between gene expression, cell viability, and migration. Using four experimental groups in a Transwell insert system to separate cell types, we found that Ad-MSCs can reduce MCCL migration and viability, though the effect may vary depending on each cell line’s susceptibility. Furthermore, Ad-MSCs modified IL expression profiles in co-cultured cells. Our findings suggest that Ad-MSCs could have therapeutic potential for COM by inhibiting cell migration and reducing viability. However, deeper insights into Ad-MSC interactions with the tumor microenvironment and melanoma-specific factors will be essential to optimize therapeutic efficacy.
Chemodiversity and Molecular Mechanism Between Per-/Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Complexation Behavior of Humic Substances in Landfill Leachate
Authors: Li Jia , Sha Haoqun , Ye Rongchuan , Zhang Peipei , Chen Shuhe , Zhu Ganghui , Tan Wenbing
Published: December 2024

Landfill leachate contains a range of organic and inorganic pollutants, including per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), which can infiltrate into surrounding soil and groundwater through leaching processes, and can pose a threat to human health via food chains and drinking water processes. Thus, the transport of PFASs in landfill leachate is a research hotspot in environmental science. This study investigates the complexation and adsorption mechanisms between humic substances and PFASs in landfill leachate at the molecular level. Experimental results demonstrate that the binding constant logKsv of humic substances with PFASs correlates positively with specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254), absorbance ratio (A250/A365), humification index (HIX), and fluorescence index (FI), while it exhibits a negative correlation with the biological index (BIX). These findings indicate that high aromaticity is a prerequisite for molecular interactions between humic substances and PFASs, with polar functional groups further facilitating the interaction. Molecular-level analysis revealed that humic substances undergo complexation and adsorption with PFASs through hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, and covalent bonding, by functional groups such as hydroxyl, aliphatic C-H bonds, aromatic C=C double bonds, amides, quinones, and ketones. Future efforts should focus on enhanced co-regulation and mitigation strategies addressing the combined pollution of PFASs and humic substances in landfill leachate.
Study of the Shear Strength Model of Unsaturated Soil in the Benggang Area of Southern China
Authors: Yang Maojin , Cen Nanbo , Wang Zumei , Huang Bifei , Lin Jinshi , Jiang Fangshi , Huang Yanhe , Zhang Yue
Published: December 2024

Benggangs are a unique type of soil erosion commonly found in southern China, with the gully wall being the most dynamic component of the Benggang system and is crucial for assessing its overall progression. The unsaturated shear strength of soil in Benggang areas is a key factor influencing the stability of the gully wall. However, quantitative analyses of the unsaturated shear strength in the gully walls of Benggangs remain limited. In this study, the soil–water characteristic curves (SWCC) and shear strengths of undisturbed soil samples from four different soil layers in the gully wall of Benggang were measured using a pressure membrane meter and a quadruple direct shear apparatus. The results revealed that the water holding capacity of the soil decreased gradually with increasing matrix suction, and the order of the water holding capacity was the sandy soil layer > transition layer > laterite layer > clastic layer. With an increasing soil water content (SWC), the shear strength, cohesion (c), and internal friction angle (φ) of the four soil layers decreased significantly, and the φ showed a power function decreasing curve (p < 0.05), whereas c in the laterite layer and transition layer exhibited a power function decreasing curve (p < 0.01). The c of the sandy soil layer and clastic layer decreased linearly and logarithmically (p < 0.01) with increasing SWC, respectively. The unsaturated shear strength model for the four soil layers was developed based on the Vanapalli model. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the simulated and measured values was less than 29.349, while the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and R2 values were greater than 0.638 and 0.788, respectively. The model can be used to analyze and predict the unsaturated shear strength in different layers of Benggang gully walls, providing a theoretical foundation for studying the erosion mechanisms of Benggangs.
A Method to Determine the Design Flow of Stormwater Pipe Networks Based on Dynamic Wave Simulation
Authors: Tang Ying , Zhao Yujie , Li Zhaoguang , Zhou Jinjun , Wang Hao
Published: December 2024

The rational method (RM) adopting steady uniform flow assumption is a simple and mainstream approach for the design of urban stormwater-drainage systems (USDSs). However, when designing large-scale USDSs, the RM significantly deviates from the actual flow regime due to inappropriate assumptions. To improve the accuracy and reliability of the design method, a dynamic-wave-simulation-based method (DWSBM) is proposed. Firstly, a numerical model which is equivalent to the surface runoff yield process of RM is established and validated. Then the dynamic wave module is adopted for pipe flow calculations. This method integrates hydraulic models for the whole design process. Both DWSBM and RM are used for USDS design of two areas, and design comparison demonstrates that the design flow rates computed using DWSBM are greater than obtained by RM. With the increase in pipeline length, the design flow differences between the two methods in the two areas increased from 3.09% to 28.97% and from 16.01% to 45.40% respectively. Adopting the DWSBM for design flow rate calculation can effectively improve the design reliability and drainage capacity of USDSs.
Examining the Challenges of Implementing Artificial Intelligence in the Water Supply Sector: A Case Study
Authors: Almheiri Moza S. M. A. , Bashir Hamdi , Ojiako Udechukwu , Haridy Salah , Shamsuzzaman Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Challenges in the water supply sector have hindered the advanced implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) compared to other sectors. These challenges have not been sufficiently examined in the existing literature. An empirical study was conducted within a public utilities organization in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to address this gap. An integrated approach combining interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and fuzzy cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis was utilized to identify the critical challenges and to model and analyze the relationships among them. The ISM model provides significant advantages by enabling decision-makers to visualize complex interactions, supporting the development of an effective AI implementation strategy. The strategy should prioritize four critical challenges: the lack of technical skills and knowledge, the limited availability of ready-to-use AI solutions, inadequate water infrastructure, and concerns regarding privacy and data security. These challenges were identified based on their positioning at the lowest level of the ISM model and their classification as independent in the fuzzy MICMAC analysis. Addressing these four challenges will help to mitigate the remaining six. The study’s findings and implications are expected to offer valuable guidance for decision-makers in implementing AI technologies within water supply organizations, both in the UAE and in countries with similar environments.
Investigating the Element Geochemical Behavior and Provenance of Surface Sediments in the Offshore Area of Sierra Leone, Africa: Insights from Major and Trace Elements
Authors: Hu Mengying , Zhu Yingtao , Chen Wenliang , Yu Bin , Zhang Pengpeng , Hu Chuanqi , Jin Ruijia
Published: December 2024

The element geochemical behavior and provenance of marine sediments are of significance to understanding the oceanic material cycle. Here, we tested the grain size and major and trace elements of 35 surface sediments in the offshore area of Sierra Leone, analyzed the content characteristics and controlling factors of the elements, discussed the material source of the sediments, and made a comparative study with the sediments in the offshore area of China. The results show that sandy silt is the main sediment type in the research area, and the average sediment mean grain size (Mz) is 4.15Φ. The content of Ca in the samples is the highest among the major elements (except Si), with an average of 5.1%. The content of Sr is the highest among the trace elements (except Ti, P, and Mn), with an average of 378.2 μg/g. The results of correlation analysis and factor analysis show that there are three main sources of sediments in the research area, namely, terrigenous weathering products, ilmenite-dominated ore, and oceanic biochemical substances. Compared with the sediments in China offshore, the sediments in the study area are more affected by marine biochemistry and have special ore input characteristics.
Enhancing Pb Adsorption on Crushed Microplastics: Insights into the Environmental Remediation
Authors: Li Sen , Cao Lu , Liu Qiyuan , Sui Shuting , Bian Jiayin , Zhao Xizeng , Gao Yun
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the pollution characteristics and environmental risks of crushed microplastics (MPs) generated during plastic recycling, emphasizing their adsorption capacity for heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb). SEM-EDS analysis revealed that crushed MPs exhibit significantly higher adsorption capacity than primary MPs due to their larger surface area and more available adsorption sites, including oxygen-containing functional groups. The adsorption behavior of MPs was influenced by key factors such as MP size, MP quantity, pH, salinity, and biofilm formation. Smaller MPs demonstrated higher adsorption efficiency, while elevated pH enhanced Pb adsorption. Conversely, increased salinity reduced adsorption due to competition for adsorption sites. Increasing MP concentrations improved Pb removal efficiency, but higher MP quantities led to a decrease in maximum adsorption capacity, demonstrating a trade-off between removal efficiency and adsorption capacity. Isothermal adsorption experiments revealed that Pb adsorption on MPs follows a multi-layer mechanism, best characterized by the Freundlich model. The adsorption capacity increased nonlinearly with Pb concentration and stabilized as surface sites became saturated. The formation of biofilms on MPs further enhanced their adsorption capacity by providing additional functional groups and facilitating multi-layer adsorption, increasing ecological risks. Adsorption kinetics were best described by pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models, indicating chemical adsorption and boundary layer diffusion as dominant mechanisms. Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles demonstrated a high recovery efficiency of 99.3% for MPs, highlighting their potential for environmental remediation. However, the presence of adsorbed Pb slightly reduced recovery performance, emphasizing the need to optimize recovery conditions for maximum efficiency. These findings underscore the dual threat posed by crushed MPs: their capacity to adsorb and concentrate harmful substances, increasing ecological toxicity, and the challenges associated with their recovery. This research provides critical insights into mitigating MP pollution and developing effective recovery strategies under realistic environmental conditions.
Lidar Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Algorithm for Dynamic Scenes
Authors: Ji Peng , Xu Qingsong , Zhao Yifan
Published: December 2024

To address the issue of significant point cloud ghosting in the construction of high-precision point cloud maps by low-speed intelligent mobile vehicles due to the presence of numerous dynamic obstacles in the environment, which affects the accuracy of map construction, this paper proposes a LiDAR-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm tailored for dynamic scenes. The algorithm employs a tightly coupled SLAM framework integrating LiDAR and inertial measurement unit (IMU). In the process of dynamic obstacle removal, the point cloud data is first gridded. To more comprehensively represent the point cloud information, the point cloud within the perception area is linearly discretized by height to obtain the distribution of the point cloud at different height layers, which is then encoded to construct a linear discretized height descriptor for dynamic region extraction. To preserve more static feature points without altering the original point cloud, the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) ground fitting algorithm is employed to fit and segment the ground point cloud within the dynamic regions, followed by the removal of dynamic obstacles. Finally, accurate point cloud poses are obtained through static feature matching. The proposed algorithm has been validated using open-source datasets and self-collected campus datasets. The results demonstrate that the algorithm improves dynamic point cloud removal accuracy by 12.3% compared to the ERASOR algorithm and enhances overall mapping and localization accuracy by 8.3% compared to the LIO-SAM algorithm, thereby providing a reliable environmental description for intelligent mobile vehicles.
Perception of antimicrobial stewardship interventions in Swiss primary care: a mixed-methods survey
Authors: Schaad Simeon , Dunaiceva Jelena , Peytremann Arnaud , Gendolla Sophie , Clack Lauren , Plüss-Suard Catherine , Niquille Anne , Nicolet Anna , Marti Joachim , Boillat-Blanco Noémie , Wolfensberger Aline , Mueller Yolanda
Published: December 2024

Background

With most of the antibiotic prescriptions occurring in primary care, antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions must be known, welcomed, and used by primary care physicians (PCPs).

Aim

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the present awareness about, use of, and perceived acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of a broad range of interventions.

Design & setting

A cross-sectional survey was distributed to Swiss PCPs from December 2023 to February 2024.

Method

The survey focused on eight AMS interventions: shared decision-making tools, factsheets for physicians, Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) information material, national antibiotic guidelines website, audit and feedback, communication skills training, as well as the use of point-of-care C-reactive protein (POC-CRP) and procalcitonin (POC-PCT) to guide prescription. PCPs’ perceived acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility were assessed using five-point Likert scales. General expectations regarding AMS were evaluated via qualitative analysis of free-text answers.

Results

Out of 7456 potentially eligible primary care physicians, 355 PCPs answered at least one question (response rate 4.7%). PCPs were most aware of biomarkers to guide antibiotic prescription in RTIs, such as POC-PCT (67.6%) and POC-CRP (61.1%), the FOPH awareness campaign (57.3%) and the national guidelines website (52.7%). All interventions were rated as acceptable, appropriate, and feasible, with respective mean scores out of five of 3.89, 3.91, and 3.81.

Conclusion

Despite the high perceived acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of AMS interventions available for RTIs, their real-life impact may be hindered by insufficient awareness. Additional promotion of those tools could increase their uptake by physicians.
TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS HISPATOLOGI GOUT ARTRITIS: PERAN SEL IMUN DALAM PROSES INFLAMASI DAN KERUSAKAN JARINGAN
Authors: Larasati Veny , Parisa Nita , Valentino Albert Amadeus , Diba Msy. Farah
Published: December 2024

Gout arthritis is a joint inflammation caused by increased uric acid levels, leading to the formation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. The study aimed to deepen the understanding of the role of MSU crystals in triggering both acute and chronic inflammatory responses, as well as the formation of tophi, which damage joint and bone tissues. The method used is the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The reviewed articles were obtained from the Science Direct, Semantic Scholar, and PubMed databases using the keywords “Gout Arthritis,” “Histopathology,” “Inflammation,” and “Tophus.” The publication period was limited to 2019-2024. Out of 745 articles found, 12 were selected based on inclusion criteria, which included experimental, observational, and case study reports. The results show that MSU crystals induce inflammation through the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. In chronic Gout, the formation of tophi, granulomatous lesions with a crystalline core, leads to bone and joint destruction. Understanding the histopathological aspects is crucial for more accurate diagnosis and more effective management of Gout arthritis. The progression of the disease is related to acute and chronic inflammation, as well as the destructive effects of tophi on joints and bones. In conclusion, MSU crystals play a significant role in triggering inflammation and tissue damage in Gout arthritis, and understanding histopathology can improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy.
Agrega Segregasyonunun Asfalt Karışımlarının Sıkıştırılabilirliğine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Yücel Ayhan Öner , Güler Murat
Published: December 2024

Asfalt karışımlarının sıkıştırılabilirliği, karışımların hedef yoğunluğa sıkıştırılmasının ne ölçüde kolay olduğunu tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Asfalt karışımlarının sorunsuz şekilde sıkıştırılması, karışımdan beklenen performansı elde etmek için çok kritiktir. Agrega segregasyonu karışımdaki kaba agregaların belirli alanlarda kümelenmesi olarak tanımlanmakta olup, karışımın içyapısını etkileyen önemli bir durumdur. Bu çalışmada, agrega segregasyonunun asfalt karışımlarının hacimsel özelliklerine ve sıkıştırılabilirliğine etkileri incelenmiştir. Farklı koşulları simüle etmek için aynı sıkıştırma eforu uygulanarak ve aynı hedef yoğunlukta olmak üzere iki grup numune hazırlanmıştır. Her grup için ön koşulsuz-homojen ve iki seviyede segregasyona uğramış asfalt karışımı numuneleri Superpave yoğurmalı pres kullanılarak üretilmiştir. Segregasyona uğramış numuneler üretmek için tasarım gradasyonundaki kaba ve ince agregalar farklı oranlarda birleştirilerek hazırlanan karışımlar kalıba iki tabaka olarak yerleştirilip sıkıştırılmıştır. Üretilen numunelerin hacimsel özellikleri belirlenmiş ve numunelerin sıkışma eğrileri kullanılarak sıkıştırılabilirlik indeksleri hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar, agrega segregasyonunun, asfalt karışımlarının hacimsel özelliklerini ve sıkıştırılabilirliğini önemli ölçüde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Artan segregasyon seviyesi ile asfalt karışımlarının sıkıştırılabilirliğinin düştüğü ve aynı hedef yoğunlukta numune üretebilmek için çok daha fazla sıkıştırma eforu harcanması gerektiği belirlenmiştir.
II. LA COMUNIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA DISMINUIR LOS EFECTOS NEGATIVOS GENERADOS A TRAVÉS DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LOS SIGNIFICADOS DE SER HOMBRE Y SER MUJER EN LA COMUNIDAD ESTUDIANTIL DEL GRUPO DE QUINTO DE LA ESCUELA PRIMARIA GENERAL FR
Authors: Gámez Salvador González
Published: December 2024

Todos los seres humanos nacemos en una sociedad previamente establecida de la cual aprendemos, por medios de los diferentes círculos de socialización con los que interactuamos a lo largo de nuestras vidas, cómo ser y comportarnos de acuerdo al sexo de asignación con el que nacemos y a las normas, estereotipos y expresiones de género asociados a estos mismos. De manera que siendo las niñas y los niños quienes reproducen según lo que aprenden de su contexto, se planteó como objetivo de investigación: conformar una comunidad de aprendizaje para disminuir los efectos negativos generados a través de la construcción de los significados de ser hombre y ser mujer en la comunidad estudiantil de dicha institución educativa.Por otra parte, la metodología de investigación utilizada es la: investigación acción participativa, puesto que, nos permite realizar una investigación a la vez que se toman acciones de intervención socioeducativa. Lo que, permitió diagnosticar los efectos negativos generados en dicho grupo que son: el autoconcepto; la autoestima baja; el autoconocimiento; la identificación; la falta de atención; el reconocimiento; la falta de empatía; la inclusión; la expresión oral inadecuada; la expresión social; la violencia; y la cohesión grupal. Revelando la importancia de conformar una comunidad de aprendizaje como espacio de desarrollo libre y cooperativo que busque disminuir estos efectos negativos diagnosticados en la comunidad estudiantil.
II. EL PENSAMIENTO COMPUTACIONAL COMO CATALIZADOR PRAGMÁTICO Y SINÉRGICO DE SABERES
Authors: Milvia Luceny Pantoja Mena
Published: December 2024

El pensamiento computacional ha incursionado en el ámbito educativo como un componente fundamental en la formación de ciudadanos capaces de afrontar y resolver problemas propios de la cuarta revolución industrial, tomar de decisiones, desarrollar la creatividad y el pensamiento crítico.El presente trabajo expone inicialmente la problemática general derivada de la implementación del pensamiento computacional en la educación en algunos entornos educativos, específicamente en el contexto de la I.E.M Luis Eduardo Mora Osejo, institución oficial de la ciudad de Pasto - Colombia enfatizando en las modalidades técnicas.Posteriormente se aborda aportes de algunos autores representativos, al concepto de pensamiento computacional, útiles para la reflexión y comprensión de su alcance.Se plantea alternativas para lograr una propuesta transdisciplinar e interdisciplinar para superar barreras, contribuir al mejoramiento de la enseñanza y la formación de una manera pertinente y efectiva, de ahí la posibilidad de abordar el pensamiento computacional desde una integración holística teniendo en cuenta las áreas técnicas de educación media: Diseño Gráfico, Electrónica y Computación. Se utilizo como técnica de recolección de información la revisión documental, la metodología se fundamenta en el paradigma cualitativo.Finalmente se da a conocer políticas educacionales e iniciativas de pensamiento computacional en algunos países del mundo a fin de considerar un panorama de los proyectos y avances desde diferentes gobiernos y entidades