bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fermi GBM Observations of GRB 150101B: A Second Nearby Event with a Short Hard Spike and a Soft Tail
Authors: Burns E. , Veres P. , Connaughton V. , Racusin J. , Briggs M. S. , Christensen N. , Goldstein A. , Hamburg R. , Kocevski D. , McEnery J. , Bissaldi E. , Canton T. Dal , Cleveland W. H. , Gibby M. H. , Hui C. M. , Kienlin A. von , Mailyan B. , Paciesas W. S. , Roberts O. J. , Siellez K. , Stanbro M. , Wilson-Hodge C. A.
Published: August 2018

In light of the joint multimessenger detection of a binary neutron star merger as the gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A and in gravitational waves as GW170817, we reanalyze the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor data of one of the closest short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs): GRB 150101B. We find that this burst is composed of a short hard spike followed by a comparatively long soft tail. This apparent two-component nature is phenomenologically similar to that of GRB 170817A. While GRB 170817A was distinct from the previously known population of SGRBs in terms of its prompt intrinsic energetics, GRB 150101B is not. Despite these differences, GRB 150101B can be modeled as a more on-axis version of GRB 170817A. Identifying a similar signature in two of the closest SGRBs suggests that the soft tail is common, but generally undetectable in more distant events. If so, it will be possible to identify nearby SGRBs from the prompt gamma-ray emission alone, aiding the search for kilonovae.
Juste valeur et gouvernance bancaire : une analyse internationale
Authors: Guiselin Renald , Maati Jérôme
Published: August 2018

La norme IFRS 13 et la norme SFAS 157 aux États-Unis imposent aux entreprises une publication des techniques de valorisation à la juste valeur du bilan selon trois niveaux afin d’améliorer la transparence de l’information comptable. L’étude porte sur l’influence des mécanismes de gouvernance d’entreprise sur la pertinence de l’évaluation à la juste valeur par niveaux en utilisant le modèle modifié de J. Ohlson (1995). À partir d’un échantillon international de 730 banques entre 2008 et 2012, les résultats montrent un impact significatif de certains attributs de gouvernance, en particulier une relation négative entre la taille du conseil d’administration et la valorisation à la juste valeur du niveau 3. Les mécanismes de gouvernance peuvent donc avoir un effet complémentaire à l’information comptable lorsqu’elle est moins fiable.
La comptabilité en juste valeur est-elle court-termiste ?
Authors: Demaria Samira , Rigot Sandra
Published: August 2018

Cet article cherche à investiguer si la comptabilité en juste valeur peut avoir des effets court-termistes sur le financement de l’investissement à long terme. Pour cela, nous avons étudié les réponses à la consultation Européenne sur le financement et l’investissement à long terme. Cette étude révèle qu’une majorité des répondants considère la comptabilité en juste valeur court-termiste et met en avant trois impacts négatifs pour les activités de long terme des intermédiaires financiers bancaires et non bancaires (investisseurs institutionnels) : l’introduction d’une plus forte volatilité dans les états financiers (bilan et compte de résultat) ; des comportements court-termistes et pro-cycliques dans la prise de décision des investisseurs et des managers. Il identifie également six alternatives différentes, dont cinq relèvent de la technique comptable parmi lesquelles la création d’une catégorie comptable permettant de représenter les investissements à long terme en prenant en compte l’horizon de détention des actifs.
Preparation and Characterization of Al2O3-Al Cermet with Coated Microstructure Using Powder Metallurgy Method
Authors: Wang Rui Hua , Chen Ai Xia , Du Da Ming , Wang Fang , Li Cai Wen , Zou Qiu Min , Song Jie Guang , Chen Lin , Hao Cheng Wei
Published: August 2018

Cermet includes the excellent properties of ceramic materials and the advantages of metal materials, so it is an important new engineering material. In this paper, Al2O3-Al cermet is prepared using different molding process via the powder metallurgy method to study the properties of Al2O3-Al cermet. The conclusion are shown the increasing density of Al2O3-Al cermet is not obvious with increasing the forming pressure of cermet body during the initial and late processing, but the increasing density is more obvious under the forming pressure for 20-30MPa. The density of cermet materials are increased with prolonging holding pressure time, the initial increase speed is faster, and the later growth rate becomes weaker. When the molding pressure is 30MPa, the holding time is 10min, the sintering temperature is 900°C, the holding time is 1h, the prepared Al2O3-Al cermet adding sintering aids has a coated microstructure, which indicates that the large number of particles is migrated on the grain boundary. The sample density is 2.26g/cm3, the density is highest, the distribution of Al2O3 and Al phase is the most uniform. The buried sintering method is more suitable for the preparation of Al2O3-Al cermet composites than the nudity sintering method.
Non-Destructive Criteria of Plastic Deformation and Fracture in Structural Metals
Authors: Lunev Aleksey G. , Nadezhkin Mikhail V. , Li Yulia V. , Barannikova Svetlana A. , Zuev Lev B.
Published: August 2018

The investigations of ultrasound Rayleigh wave parameters changing depending on localized plastic strain in AlCu4MgSi alloy and austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 are presented in this paper. Measurements of the ultrasound parameters and localized strain bands motion were carried out in-situ during the tensile tests of the specimens at the constant rate and room temperature. It has been found that the measurement of ultrasound velocity allows detecting the initiation of a localized strain band and its location relative to the acoustic measurement area independently of the deformation mechanism.
Composition, Structure and Mechanical Properties of CrAlC Films Deposited by Arc Sputtering Technique
Authors: Rubshtein Anna P. , Vladimirov Alexander B. , Plotnikov Sergey A.
Published: August 2018

A focus point in this work was the research of the influence of deposition condition on properties of CrAlC films. CrAlC films were deposited by arc sputtering technique using arc sputtering of Cr-Al target and pulse arc sputtering of graphite target at different frequency. The multilayer [(CrAlC)+(a-C)]ncoatings were also obtained and investigated. Multilayer [(CrAlC)+(a-C)]nwere deposited with a systematic alternation of the pair [(CrAlC)+(a-C)], where a-C is the amorphous carbon layer. The structure, mechanical properties and fracture toughness of CrAlC films depend on pulse frequencies of the graphite sputtering. With increasing pulse frequency, the film structure changes from uniformly amorphous to amorphous with nanograins, the hardness of the films increases, the critical load of crack formation and film peeling tend to decrease. It is shown that a decrease in the thickness of the layers in [(CrAlC)+(a-C)]nleads to an increase in the crack resistance.
Comparison the Rapid Microwave-Assisted Polyol Route and Modified Chemical Reduction Methods to Synthesize the Pt Nanoparticles on the Ti0.7W0.3O2 Support
Authors: Pham Hau Quoc , Huynh Tai Thien , Nguyen At Van , Mai Anh Tram Ngoc , Phan Vi Thuy Thi , Bach Long Giang , Trinh Nguyen Duy , Ho Van Thi Thanh
Published: August 2018

The tungsten-modified titanium dioxide, which prepared through the one-pot solvothermal process, exhibited the large specific surface area (~ 202 m2/g) and greater electrical conductivity (~ 0.022 S/cm). Furthermore, for the comparison purpose to find appropriate approach for the synthesis 20 wt. % Pt NPs/Ti0.7W0.3O2 catalyst, the modified chemical reduction utilizing NaBH4 and the rapid microwave-assisted polyol using ethylene glycol were employed without any surfactants or stabilizers. The characterization of Pt-based electrocatalyst was investigated through XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM measurements. As result, the platinum nanocatalyst formation with the face-centered cubic structure (fcc) and the amount loading on Ti0.7W0.3O2 support approximately 20 wt. % of two synthesized methods. However, the diameter size and distribution of Pt nanoforms have clearly classified in two reduction route. For example, the Pt nanocatalyst, which was created by the rapid microwave-assisted polyol at 160 °C for 2 min, exhibited the good distribution on support with ~3 nm diameter. This could be ascribed to the fast and uniform heating of microwave-assisted and moderate reducing possibility of ethylene glycol. These results indicate that the rapid microwave-assisted polyol was an appropriate approach not only for synthesizing 20 wt. % Pt NPs/Ti0.7W0.3O2 catalyst but also for preparing Pt-based electrocatalysts.
Preparation of Tin Oxide Nanometer Thin Films by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Wang Fang , Chao Yang , Xu Ming Han , Wang Rui Hua , Chen Ai Xia , Deng Ru Xin , Chang Du Juan , Song Jie Guang , Qin Yue Ning
Published: August 2018

Given the shortage of energy reserves, new energy sources must be identified. In this regard, improving the efficiency of solar cell conversion and simplifying the solar cell technology have become the focus of research. In this study, tin oxide nanometer thin film was fabricated on FTO conductive glass as photocathode through hydrothermal method. The synthesis condition was regulated, and performance test was also conducted. Results show that the crystallization driving force, crystallization rate, and grain size of tin dioxide crystal increase with increasing alkali ratio, leading to disorganized accumulation of tin oxide. Under prolonged holding time, tin oxide crystal became complete, and the surface area of the crystal increased. The crystallization driving force and rate also increased with increasing salt concentration and accompanied by clutter of tin oxide. The optimized process condition included 1:4 molar ratio of salt to alkali, 0.05 mol/L salt concentration, 200 °C reaction temperature, and 8 days of reaction. The highest specific surface area of the tin oxide nanometer film was obtained under the optimized condition.
Synthesis Parameters of Ultrafine YAG Powder Materials via Hydrothermal Precipitation Method
Authors: Xu Ming Han , Chen Ai Xia , Wang Rui Hua , Liu Long Tao , Li Zhi Hui , Li Shi Bin , Song Jie Guang , Chen Lin , Hao Cheng Wei
Published: August 2018

YAG materials has a number of unique properties, the application is very extensive. In this paper, the superfine YAG powder materials were prepared by hydrothermal precipitation method. The influence of synthesis process on the morphology of the powder was investigated. The results showed that when the molar ratio of salt to alkali that Y3+: OH- is 1:8, the more uniform morphology of the particles can be prepared, when the molar ratio of salt to alkali is increased, the morphology of the particles will not change. The reaction time is longer, the particle size will be thicker. The smaller the concentration of Y3+ ions is, the larger the particle size will be small. The experimental results show that the rod-like particles have a poly-crystal structure at the reaction temperature of 200°C, reaction time of 2 days and the molar ratio of salt to alkali of 1:8. The diameter of the rod-like particles is most of the powders have a particle size of 1000 nm and a small amount of powder has a particle size of about 5000 nm. The purity of powder is higher through the test of XRD.
Influence of irrigating agents on fiber postpush-out bond strength to radicular dentin sections with the different adhesive system
Authors: Haralur Satheesh B. , Alasabi Asim Nasser A. , Al Qahtani Sultan A. Abohathrah , Alqahtani Saeed Musleh S.
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of irrigating agents on push-out bond strength of resin postcemented with various adhesive systems at different radicular dentin sections. Materials and Methods:Sixty single-rooted premolar teeth were root canal treated, subsequently decorated at cementoenamel junction. The endodontic postspace was irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for Group A (n = 30) and Group B (n = 30), respectively. The sample from each group was subdivided into three groups (10) according to luting protocol of etch-wash, self-etch, and self-adhesive. Individual teeth with cemented resin postsamples were sectioned into coronal, middle, and apical segments. Subsequently, subjected for pushout bond strength test by applying a load at 0.5 mm/min speed. The data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance and Tukey comparison test at a significant difference level of 0.05.Results: The coronal section with 5.25% NaOCl irrigation and self-etch luting protocol provided the highest push out strength at 16.282 Mpa. The etch-wash luting protocol in both irrigations showed the lesser bond strength at 8.273 and 8.493 MPa, respectively, in coronal section.Conclusions: The self-etch adhesive system showed better push out bond strength and 17% EDTA had a negative influence on self-etch bond strength. The coronal sections had highest bond strength in comparison with apical radicular dentin sections.
Effectiveness of two interactive educational methods to teach tobacco cessation counseling for senior dental students
Authors: Ahmadian Mina , Khami Mohammad Reza , Ahamdi Arezoo Ebn , Razeghi Samaneh , Yazdani Reza
Published: August 2018

Objective: Nowadays, one of the major health problems in many countries is tobacco use. Dental professionals are in a unique position to promote smoking cessation since they have the opportunity for regular interaction with their patients. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of two educational methods to teach tobacco cessation counseling (TCC) in dental practice for senior dental students. Materials and Methods: In this interventional study, 93 eligible senior dental students from two dental schools in Tehran, Iran were randomly divided into two groups. Two educational programs, role play (RP) and problem-based learning (PBL), with the same aim about TCC in dental practice, were developed and implemented for the two groups. The score of knowledge, attitude, and skill were determined in both groups before and after participation in the course using a questionnaire. The changes in the scores from pre- to post-test were statistically analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA test. Results: Total scores of knowledge, attitude, and skill of the participants showed improvements when compared to scores before training (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, and P < 0.001, respectively). However, the differences between the two study methods were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggested that TCC training through RP and PBL methods leads to improvement in knowledge, attitude, and skills of dental students in the short-term evaluation.
Evaluation of crestal bone resorption around cylindrical and conical implants following 6 months of loading: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sargolzaie Naser , Arab Hamid Reza , Moghaddam Marzieh Mohammadi
Published: August 2018

Objective: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of implant body form (cylindrical and conical implants) on crestal bone levels during 6 months' follow-up after loading. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 SPI implants (19 conical implants/13 cylindrical implants) were randomly placed in 12 male patients using a submerged approach. None of the patients had compromising medical conditions or parafunctional habits. Periapical radiographs using the parallel technique were taken after clinical loading and 6 months later. Clinical indices including pocket depth and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded on 6-month follow-up. Data were analyzed by independent samples t-test and Chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Six months after loading, crestal bone loss was 0.84 (±0.29) mm around the cylindrical implants and 0.73 (±0.62) mm around the conical types, which was not significantly different (P = 0.54). Pocket depth around the cylindrical and conical implants was 2.61 (±0.45) mm and 2.36 (±0.44) mm, respectively (P = 0.13). BOP was observed among 53.8% and 47.4% of the cylindrical implants and conical (P = 0.13). Bone loss and pocket depth in the maxilla and mandible had no significant difference (P = 0.46 and P = 0.09, respectively). Conclusion: In this study, although bone loss and clinical parameters were slightly higher in the cylindrical implants, there was no significant difference between the conical- and cylindrical-shaped implants.
Assessment of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) radio occultation refractivity under heavy precipitation
Authors: Padullés Ramon , Cardellach Estel , Wang Kuo-Nung , Ao Chi O. , Turk F. Joseph , de la Torre-Juárez Manuel
Published: August 2018

Abstract. A positive bias at heights between 3 and 8 km has been observed
when comparing the radio-occultation (RO)-retrieved refractivity with that of
meteorological analyses and reanalyses in cases where heavy precipitation
is present. The effect of precipitation in RO retrievals has been
investigated as a potential cause of the bias, using precipitation
measurements interpolated into the actual three-dimensional RO ray paths to
calculate the excess phase induced by precipitation. The study consisted of
comparing the retrievals when such extra delay is removed from the actual
measurement and when it is not. The results show how precipitation itself is
not the cause of the positive bias. Instead, we show that the positive bias
is linked to high specific-humidity conditions regardless of precipitation.
This study also shows a regional dependence of the bias. Furthermore,
different analyses and reanalyses show a disagreement under high
specific-humidity conditions and, in consequence, heavy precipitation.
Annual cycle of water vapour in the lower stratosphere over the Indian Peninsula derived from Cryogenic Frost-point Hygrometer observations
Authors: Emmanuel Maria , Sunilkumar Sukumarapillai V. , Muhammed Muhsin , Suneel Kumar Buduru , Neerudu Nagendra , Ramkumar Geetha , Rajeev Kunjukrishnapillai , Parameswaran Krishnasamyiyer
Published: August 2018

Abstract. In situ measurements of lower stratospheric water vapour employing Cryogenic Frost point Hygrometer (CFH) over two tropical stations, Trivandrum (8.53 °N, 76.87 °E) and Hyderabad (17.47 °N, 78.58 °E) over the Indian subcontinent are conducted as part of Tropical Tropopause Dynamics (TTD) monthly campaigns under GARNETS program. The annual variation of lower stratosphere (LS) water vapour clearly depicts the so called tape recorder effect at both the stations. The ascent rate of water vapour compares well with the velocity of Brewer-Dobson circulation and is slightly higher over the equatorial station when compared to the off-equatorial station. The column integrated water vapour in the LS varies in the range 1.5 to 4 g/m2 with low values during winter and high values during summer monsoon and post monsoon seasons and its variability shows the signatures of local dynamics. The variation in water vapour mixing ratio (WVMR) at the cold point tropopause (CPT) exactly follows the variation in CPT temperature. The difference in WVMR between the stations shows a semi-annual variability in the altitude region 18–20 km region with high values of WVMR during summer monsoon and winter over Hyderabad and during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon over Trivandrum. This difference is related to the influence of the variations in local CPT temperature and deep convection. The monsoon dynamics has a significant role in stratospheric water vapour distribution in summer monsoon season.
4DVAR assimilation of GNSS zenith path delays and precipitable
water into a numerical weather prediction model WRF
Authors: Rohm Witold , Guzikowski Jakub , Wilgan Karina , Kryza Maciej
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The GNSS data assimilation is currently widely discussed in the literature with respect to the various applications in meteorology and numerical weather models. Data assimilation combines atmospheric measurements with knowledge of atmospheric behavior as codified in computer models. With this approach, the best estimate of current conditions consistent with both information sources is produced. Some approaches allow assimilating also the non-prognostic variables, including remote sensing data from radar or GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). These techniques are named variational data assimilation schemes and are based on a minimization of the cost function, which contains the differences between the model state (background) and the observations. This paper shows the results of assimilation of GNSS data into numerical weather prediction (NWP) model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting). The WRF model offers two different variational approaches: 3DVAR and 4DVAR, both available through WRF Data Assimilation (WRFDA) package. The WRFDA assimilation procedure was modified to correct for bias and observation errors. We assimilated the Zenith Troposphere Delay (ZTD), Precipitable Water (PW), radiosonde (RS) and surface synoptic observations (SYNOP) using 4DVAR assimilation scheme. Three experiments have been performed: (1) assimilation of PW and ZTD for May and June of 2013, (2) assimilation of: PW alone; PW, with RS and SYNOP; ZTD alone; and finally ZTD, with RS and SYNOP for 5–23 May 2013, and (3) assimilation of PW or ZTD during severe weather events in June 2013. Once the initial conditions were established, the forecast was run for 48 hours. The obtained WRF predictions are validated against surface meteorological measurements, including air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and rainfall rate. Results from the first experiment (May and June 2013) show that the assimilation of GNSS data (both ZTD and PW) have positive impact on the rain and humidity forecast. However, the assimilation of ZTD is more successful, and brings substantial reduction of errors in rain forecast by 8 %, and a 20 % improvement in bias of humidity forecast, but it has a slight negative impact on temperature bias and wind speed. Second experiment (5–23 May 2013) reveals that the PW or ZTD assimilation leads to a similar reduction of errors as in the first experiment, moreover, adding SYNOP and RS observations to the assimilation does not improve the humidity or rain forecasts (in the 48 h forecast) but reduces errors in the wind speed and temperature. Furthermore, short term predictions (up to 24 h) of rain and humidity are better when SYNOP and RS observations are assimilated. The impact of assimilation of ZTD and PW in severe weather cases is mixed, one out of three investigated cases shows positive impact of GNSS data, whereas other two neutral or negative.
New insight from CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness for sea ice modelling
Authors: Schröder David , Feltham Danny L. , Tsamados Michel , Ridout Andy , Tilling Rachel
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Estimates of Arctic sea ice thickness are available from the CryoSat-2 (CS2) radar altimetry mission during ice growth seasons since 2010. We derive the sub-grid scale ice thickness distribution (ITD) with respect to 5 ice thickness categories used in a sea ice component (CICE) of climate simulations. This allows us to initialize the ITD in stand-alone simulations with CICE and to verify the simulated cycle of ice thickness. We find that a default CICE simulation strongly underestimates ice thickness, despite reproducing the inter-annual variability of summer sea ice extent. We can identify the underestimation of winter ice growth as being responsible and show that increasing the ice conductive flux for lower temperatures (bubbly brine scheme) and accounting for the loss of drifting snow results in the simulated sea ice growth being more realistic. Sensitivity studies provide insight into the impact of initial and atmospheric conditions and, thus, on the role of positive and negative feedback processes. During summer, atmospheric conditions are responsible for 50 % of September sea ice thickness variability through the positive sea ice and melt pond albedo feedback. However, atmospheric winter conditions have little impact on winter ice growth due to the dominating negative conductive feedback process: the thinner the ice and snow in autumn, the stronger the ice growth in winter. We conclude that the fate of Arctic summer sea ice is largely controlled by atmospheric conditions during the melting season rather than by winter temperature. Our optimal model configuration does not only improve the simulated sea ice thickness, but also summer sea ice concentration, melt pond fraction, and length of the melt season. It is the first time CS2 sea ice thickness data have been applied successfully to improve sea ice model physics.
Statistical Analysis of Cotton Cultivated Area, Production and Price
Authors: Laghari A. H. , H. Talpur M. G. , I. Rajput R. M. , Leghari S. J. , Ali U. , Laghari G. M. , Sanjrani M. A.
Published: August 2018

Cotton is one of the most important commercial crop of Pakistan and significantly contributes in the economy. Statistically analysis of cotton status of cultivated area, production and price at very basic level can help for better future policy and management by providing primary figures. Therefore, a survey research study was conducted during year 2014 at Taluka Sakrand district Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan. The Primary (ground reality) and secondary (history) data were collected. The questionnaire comprised on cultivated area acres of cotton, production/acre (kg) and price 40/kg ($US). A total of 294 farmers from 07 different union councils (Pir Zakri P.Z, Sakrand SKD, Hamal Faqir H.F, Dalel Dero D.D, Marvi MRI, Karam Jamali K.J and Guhram Mari G.M) were selected. The secondary data were obtained for 14 years. The results revealed by primary data showed that max-avg 12.52 acres and min-avg 5.20 acres cultivated area were measured in K.J and G.M respectively. While, the greatest cultivated area 25 acres in MRI and reduced 01 acre in H.F and SKD were recorded. In case of production, high-avg 883.6 kg/acre and highest 1200.00 kg/acreobserved in H.F. The low-avg 606.4 kg/acre with lowest 200.00 kg/acre noticed in K.J UC. Furthermore, high-avg-price in D.D and low-avg-price in P.Z, $24.13-19.99 40/kg respectively was observed. However, highest price $29.70 40/kg in H.F was concluded compare to rest of UCs. A strong correlation (0.98) was observed between H.F and G.M for all observations. The Secondary data results were obtained by using one-way analysis and F_ test was conducted to analyze the significance level tested at 5% (0.05). The F-values 0.64 and 0.7 for cultivated area and production were calculated for seven UCs. In the study, the secondary data results with 0.82 and 0.8 values suggest that H0 must be accepted. Hence, the correlation coefficients, between area and the production had strong correlation 0.8 for the seven UCs. Also, strong correlation 0.522 was detected between price and production.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPABILITY TO IMPLEMENT KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT BY REGIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Podluzhna Nаtaliia
Published: August 2018

The paper studies potentiality in innovation and knowledge state with regions of Ukraine that contributes to their knowledge development and formation of economics of knowledge on regional and national level. It determines the list of indices allowing the status assessment in innovation activity among economic players in a region, and that of research and scientific-technical works. Regions of Ukraine are grouped in accordance with the development level state in science and innovation activity. The article generalizes the potentiality assessment for the knowledge development of regions of Ukraine on the ground of the criteria of power of educational field, distribution of information and communication services and potential in the sphere of science and innovations.
“POLICE LAW” OF THE FREE CITY OF CRACOW IN THE YEARS 1815-1846
Authors: Cichoń Paweł
Published: August 2018

The aim of the article is to describe, on the one hand, the police authorities and, on the other hand, to present the tasks and competences implemented by these authorities in the field of public order and security in the Free City of Cracow (1815-1846). The legal bases defining the broad spectrum of police tasks were mentioned. These included the fight against begging, vagrancy, passport policy, population registration, protection of consumer interests and rights, building, sanitary and fire safety, maintenance of peace, cleanliness and order in Cracow and the fight against crime. Attention was also drawn to the reasons for issuing such rules of legal relations. In conclusion, the common features of "police law" acts and the meaning of the word "police" used in the Free City of Cracow were pointed out. The article was written using a formal-dogmatic method and a chronological-subject structure. It is the first and so far, the only scientific study presenting legal regulations concerning the title subject.
LEGAL DILEMMAS OF STREAMING PROPERTY TAX LOGIC
Authors: Szybowski Daniel
Published: August 2018

Taxes have the property that they constitute a stream because they are paid by subtracting parts of various other streams generated by business entities. When paying tax, they must pay part of their income - in the case of direct tax or expenditure - in the case of indirect tax; we count both volumes as economic categories called streams. These tax characteristics are called the tax logic stream. The conclusion about the flow of tax is in fact trivial, but fraught with serious consequences - not always noticed. Since the tax itself is a stream, firstly, in its creation as a category of public finances, one should always determine the right reference to the value of some other stream; it should be created in relation to this other stream, for example in terms of income, because only the stream is an effective source of income. The tax is a cash stream and only to the cash flow must be referred.
DETERMINANTS OF THE SAFETY OF THE ELECTRONIC DAILY TRANSFER IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL TRENDS ON THE INTERNET DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOBILE BANKING
Authors: Prokopowicz Dariusz , Gwoździewicz Sylwia , Grzegorek Jan , Matosek Mirosław
Published: August 2018

Technological progress and the ongoing globalization processes determine new challenges for the protection, electronic transmission and processing of data, including classified information. According to the guidelines of the European Union Directive of 1995 in the perspective of the development of the Internet and digital society, the ICT infrastructure of individual entities should be modernized and adapted in order to guarantee the right to protect electronically-available information. The development of techniques for processing and providing information via the Internet is determined by many facilities for beneficiaries, clients and people using information services of public sector institutions. In addition, there is a possibility of a significant reduction of transaction costs of financial operations and electronic data transfer. On the other hand, the development of information technologies functioning on the Internet also involves the risk of loss or theft of information by unqualified entities. The process of providing information via the Internet generates many threats related to crime of identity theft, interception of classified data by hackers and impersonation of monetary funds in electronic banking systems. In response to these threats, individual entities, including institutions of the financial sector, develop security systems for remote sharing of information and transactions carried out via the Internet. Currently, the process of improving techniques ensuring a certain level of Internet data transfer security is being continued. Procedures for safe processing, storage and sharing of information in online banking systems are improved. Gradually, national legal regulations are being supplemented, taking into account new emerging technological innovations and technologies of electronic data transfer on the Internet.
PROFESSIONAL TEACHER AND STAGE OF TEACHER PROFILE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Gejdoš Miroslav
Published: August 2018

This study explains the approaches taken by various authors dealing with this issue. We have mentioned the dynamic approach considered by S. Freud and C. G. Jung in the behavioral approach of authors such as J. B. Watson, I. P. Pavlov, B. F. Skiner and C. L. Hull. Representatives of the humanistic approach are C. R. Rogers and A. Maslow. Cognitive theories of personality were considered by G. A. Kelly. People have different views and opinions. Similarly, there is also a personality area where we can also meet multiple perspectives. "Different approaches to solving personality issues have led to the formation of different theories of personality. Originally, they were created by clinical psychologists and psychiatrists. In the first years of the last century, most theories focused on identifying factors affecting individuals. They were based in particular on the opinion of S. Freud. "
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CIBERCOMMUNICATING INDIVIDUAL
DEPENDENCE
Authors: Kononenko Anatoliy , Kononenko Oksana
Published: August 2018

The article deals with the main approaches to the study of the problem of cybercommunicative personality dependence in domestic and foreign psychology. It is shown that the problem of psychological predisposition has not been studied in the foreign psychology, mainly the various aspects of the study of dependence, which are conducted in the main directions as an individual variable - cognitive, motivational, emotional and behavioral characteristics of the dependent personality and as a set of behavioral features. The problem of dependent personality is represented by several areas: dependence on the Internet, network gambling and other numerous varieties of dependence. Mostly dependence is seen as a consequence of interpersonal transactions within social groups that create the effect of "social dependence"; dependence as a set of behavioral features. In Ukrainian psychological science, in broad sense, addiction is seen as a specific way of thinking, perception and interpretation, of feeling and of the outside world. The main features of online dependencies are: obsessional passion for work at a computer (games, programming or other activities); pathological commitment to online gambling, online auctions or virtual purchases; Dependence on the social use of the Internet (chatting in chat, group games and teleconferencing), etc.
EXPLAINING THE TEACHER'S PERSONALITY IN INTERACTING
WITH VALUES AND PROFESSION
Authors: Gejdoš Miroslav
Published: August 2018

The teacher's personality is irreplaceable for the pupil in a school environment. This is not just a means of information and knowledge, but also a model of behavior, which he imitates. Through the scientific research, the author identifies, compares, verifies the teacher's personality in interaction with values and profession in the regions of Slovakia. The author gradually examines and evaluates separately selected questions. In conclusion, he provides an assessment and recommendation for pedagogical practice.
Nina Caputo and Illustrated by Liz Clarke. Debating Truth: The Barcelona Disputation of 1263, A Graphic History
Authors: Tartakoff Paola
Published: August 2018

No abstract is available.
MAPLE (modular automated platform for large-scale experiments), a robot for integrated organism-handling and phenotyping
Authors: Alisch Tom , Crall James D , Kao Albert B , Zucker Dave , de Bivort Benjamin L
Published: August 2018

Lab organisms are valuable in part because of large-scale experiments like screens, but performing such experiments over long time periods by hand is arduous and error-prone. Organism-handling robots could revolutionize large-scale experiments in the way that liquid-handling robots accelerated molecular biology. We developed a modular automated platform for large-scale experiments (MAPLE), an organism-handling robot capable of conducting lab tasks and experiments, and then deployed it to conduct common experiments in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Physarum polycephalum, Bombus impatiens, and Drosophila melanogaster. Focusing on fruit flies, we developed a suite of experimental modules that permitted the automated collection of virgin females and execution of an intricate and laborious social behavior experiment. We discovered that (1) pairs of flies exhibit persistent idiosyncrasies in social behavior, which (2) require olfaction and vision, and (3) social interaction network structure is stable over days. These diverse examples demonstrate MAPLE’s versatility for automating experimental biology.
Gain Enhancement of Monopole Antenna using AMC Surface
Authors: Mouhouche F. , Azrar A. , Dehmas M. , Djafer K.
Published: August 2018

A CPW rectangular-ring antenna over an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) is presented in this work. The AMC is a designed as a dual-band structure having an array of unit cells and operates at 2.45GHz and 5.20 GHz. A CPW antenna uses this dual-band AMC structures as a back-plane. Performance comparison is carried out with and without incorporation of AMC. The simulated and measured results show that the combination of the AMC reflector and the antenna provide directional properties at both frequency bands. It has been found that the antenna gain increases by about 5 dB.
Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis does not explain the spread of nonnative weed species naturalized in México
Authors: Sánchez-Blanco Judith , Vega-Peña Ernesto V. , Espinosa-García Francisco J.
Published: August 2018

Background

Despite numerous tests of Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis (DNH) evidence for its support or rejection is still contradictory. We tested a DNH derived prediction stating that nonnative species (NNS) without native congeneric relatives (NCR) will spread to a greater number of localities than species with close relatives in the new range. This test controlled the effect of residence time (Rt) on the spread of NNS and used naturalized species beyond their lag phase to avoid the effect of stochastic events in the establishment and the lag phases that could obscure the NCR effects on NNS.

Methods

We compared the number of localities (spread) occupied by NNS with and without NCR using 13,977 herbarium records for 305 NNS of weeds. We regressed the number of localities occupied by NNSversus Rtto determine the effect of time on the spread of NNS. Then, we selected the species withRtgreater than the expected span of the lag phase, whose residuals were above and below the regression confidence limits; these NNS were classified as widespread (those occupying more localities than expected byRt) and limited-spread (those occupying fewer localities than expected). These sets were again subclassified into two groups: NNS with and without NCR at the genus level. The number of NNS with and without NCR was compared usingχ2tests and Spearman correlations between the residuals and the number of relatives. Then, we grouped the NNS using 34 biological attributes and five usages to identify the groups’ possible associations with spread and to test DNH. To identify species groups, we performed a nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis and evaluated the influences of the number of relatives, localities, herbarium specimens,Rt, and residuals of regression. The Spearman correlation and the Mann–WhitneyUtest were used to determine if the DNH prediction was met. Additionally, we used the clustering objects on subsets of attributes (COSA) method to identify possible syndromes (sets of biological attributes and usages) associated to four groups of NNS useful to test DNH (those with and without NCR and those in more and fewer localities than expected byRt).

Results

Residence time explained 33% of the variation in localities occupied by nonnative trees and shrubs and 46% of the variation for herbs and subshrubs. The residuals of the regression for NNS were not associated with the number or presence of NCR. In each of the NMDS groups, the number of localities occupied by NNS with and without NCR did not significantly differ. The COSA analysis detected that only NNS with NCR in more and fewer localities than expected share biological attributes and usages, but they differ in their relative importance.

Discussion

Our results suggest that DNH does not explain the spread of naturalized species in a highly heterogeneous country. Thus, the presence of NCR is not a useful characteristic in risk analyses for naturalized NNS.
Osteogenesis imperfecta: potential therapeutic approaches
Authors: Rousseau Maxime , Retrouvey Jean-Marc ,   Members of the Brittle Bone Disease Consortium
Published: August 2018

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder that is usually caused by disturbed production of collagen type I. Depending on its severity in the patient, this disorder may create difficulties and challenges for the dental practitioner. The goal of this article is to provide guidelines based on scientific evidence found in the current literature for practitioners who are or will be involved in the care of these patients. A prudent approach is recommended, as individuals affected by OI present with specific dentoalveolar problems that may prove very difficult to address. Recommended treatments for damaged/decayed teeth in the primary dentition are full-coverage restorations, including stainless steel crowns or zirconia crowns. Full-coverage restorations are also recommended in the permanent dentition. Intracoronal restorations should be avoided, as they promote structural tooth loss. Simple extractions can also be performed, but not immediately before or after intravenous bisphosphonate infusions. Clear aligners are a promising option for orthodontic treatment. In severe OI types, such as III or IV, orthognathic surgery is discouraged, despite the significant skeletal dysplasia present. Given the great variations in the severity of OI and the limited quantity of information available, the best treatment option relies heavily on the practitioner’s preliminary examination and judgment. A multidisciplinary team approach is encouraged and favored in more severe cases, in order to optimize diagnosis and treatment.
Tuning the Coupling in Single‐Molecule Heterostructures: DNA‐Programmed and Reconfigurable Carbon Nanotube‐Based Nanohybrids
Authors: Freeley Mark , Attanzio Antonio , Cecconello Alessandro , Amoroso Giuseppe , Clement Pierrick , Fernandez Gustavo , Gesuele Felice , Palma Matteo
Published: August 2018

Herein a strategy is presented for the assembly of both static and stimuli‐responsive single‐molecule heterostructures, where the distance and electronic coupling between an individual functional nanomoiety and a carbon nanostructure are tuned via the use of DNA linkers. As proof of concept, the formation of 1:1 nanohybrids is controlled, where single quantum dots (QDs) are tethered to the ends of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in solution with DNA interconnects of different lengths. Photoluminescence investigations—both in solution and at the single‐hybrid level—demonstrate the electronic coupling between the two nanostructures; notably this is observed to progressively scale, with charge transfer becoming the dominant process as the linkers length is reduced. Additionally, stimuli‐responsive CNT‐QD nanohybrids are assembled, where the distance and hence the electronic coupling between an individual CNT and a single QD are dynamically modulated via the addition and removal of potassium (K+) cations; the system is further found to be sensitive to K+ concentrations from 1 pM to 25 × 10−3m. The level of control demonstrated here in modulating the electronic coupling of reconfigurable single‐molecule heterostructures, comprising an individual functional nanomoiety and a carbon nanoelectrode, is of importance for the development of tunable molecular optoelectronic systems and devices.
Don't throw out the sympatric speciation with the crater lake water: fine-scale investigation of introgression provides equivocal support for causal role of secondary gene flow in one of the clearest examples of sympatric speciation
Authors: Richards Emilie J. , Poelstra Jelmer W. , Martin Christopher H.
Published: August 2018

Genomic data has revealed complex histories of colonization and repeated gene flow previously unrecognized in some of the most celebrated examples of sympatric speciation and radiation. However, much of the evidence for secondary gene flow into these radiations comes from summary statistics calculated from sparse genomic sampling without knowledge of which specific genomic regions introgressed. This tells us little about how gene flow potentially influenced sympatric diversification. Here, we investigated whole genomes of Barombi Mbo crater lake cichlids for fine-scale patterns of introgression with neighboring riverine cichlid populations. We found evidence of secondary gene flow into the radiation scattered across <0.24% of the genome; however, from our analyses, it is not clear if the functional diversity in these regions contributed to the ecological, sexual, and morphological diversity found in the lake. Unlike similar studies, we found no obvious candidate genes for adaptive introgression and we cannot rule out that secondary gene flow was predominantly neutral with respect to the diversification process. We also found evidence for differential assortment of ancestral polymorphisms found in riverine populations between sympatric sister species, suggesting the presence of an ancestral hybrid swarm. Although the history of gene flow and colonization is more complicated than previously assumed, the lack of compelling evidence for secondary gene flow's role in species diversification suggests that we should not yet rule out one of the most celebrated examples of sympatric speciation in nature without a more thorough investigation of the timing and functional role of each introgressed region.
Constraints on anharmonic corrections of fuzzy dark matter
Authors: Cembranos J. A. R. , Maroto A. L. , Núñez Jareño S. J. , Villarrubia-Rojo H.
Published: August 2018

Abstract

The cold dark matter (CDM) scenario has proved successful in cosmology. However, we lack a fundamental understanding of its microscopic nature. Moreover, the apparent disagreement between CDM predictions and subgalactic-structure observations has prompted the debate about its behaviour at small scales. These problems could be alleviated if the dark matter is composed of ultralight fieldsm∼ 10−22eV, usually known as fuzzy dark matter (FDM). Some specific models, with axion-like potentials, have been thoroughly studied and are collectively referred to as ultralight axions (ULAs) or axion-like particles (ALPs). In this work we consider anharmonic corrections to the mass term coming from a repulsive quartic self-interaction. Whenever this anharmonic term dominates, the field behaves as radiation instead of cold matter, modifying the time of matter-radiation equality. Additionally, even for high masses, i.e. masses that reproduce the cold matter behaviour, the presence of anharmonic terms introduce a cut-off in the matter power spectrum through its contribution to the sound speed. We analyze the model and derive constraints using a modified version of class and comparing with CMB and large-scale structure data.
Time evolution of a toy semiholographic glasma
Authors: Ecker Christian , Mukhopadhyay Ayan , Preis Florian , Rebhan Anton , Soloviev Alexander
Published: August 2018

Abstract

We extend our previous study of a toy model for coupling classical Yang-Mills equations for describing overoccupied gluons at the saturation scale with a strongly coupled infrared sector modeled by AdS/CFT. Including propagating modes in the bulk we find that the Yang-Mills sector loses its initial energy to a growing black hole in the gravity dual such that there is a conserved energy-momentum tensor for the total system while entropy grows monotonically. This involves a numerical AdS simulation with a backreacted boundary source far from equilibrium.