bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensum de Senso vs Verbum de Verbo. The Choice of Strategy for the Translation of Medieval Sermons
Authors: Savelier Oksana
Published: January 2023

The article is dedicated to the problem of choosing a strategy for the translation of historical sources, specifically, medieval Western European sermons. It gives a brief review of the development of translation thought and provides in detail the main translation theories of the 20th century, as well as their principles and features. The particular attention is paid to the works of biblical translators (E. Nida, E.-A. Gutt, C. Nord, E. Wendland, A. S. Desnitsky etc.). The Holy Scripture as a translators' research object seems to be the closest to the sources considered by the author. The article analyzes the linguists’ postulates and methodological recommendations — within the theories of Dynamic, Functional and Literary Equivalents, as well as theories of Relevance, Skopos and Frames — from the point of view of its applicability to the translation of historical texts. Based on her own research and translation experience, the author proposes for consideration a number of techniques and ideas that are potentially suitable for translating not only sermons, but also other medieval religious sources.
Learning a Craft in 13th-century Paris and the Value of Professional Knowledge
Authors: Kirillova Ekaterina
Published: January 2023

The “Book of Crafts” of Paris (Livre des métiers) demonstrates the exceptional variety of highly specialized crafts, the multiplicity of social and professional traditions formed by the 13th century, and the variability of approaches to resolving complex issues of organizing the activities of artisans and merchants in a medieval metropolis. The author singles out the set of information of the “Book of Crafts” about apprentices and vocational training, which was exceptional in terms of volume and content; studies the general quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the set on apprenticeship in the Parisian statutes. The training in the 13th century almost completely included the next stage of professionalization like gaining experience, and the end of apprenticeshipdid not end with a professional test, which sometimes arose when an apprentice became a teacherhimself. The author emphasizes the fundamental value of apprenticeshipin the system of admission to the profession and the exceptional importance of the attitude towards vocational training reflected in the Parisian registers for the history of the medieval craft.
Medieval Studies in the Ocean of Translation. On the Literal and the Correct
Authors: Yusim Mark
Published: January 2023

Do historians think? Do translators think? Do they have to think? It seems to be a rhetorical question: of course, people of intellectual labor think (reflect) because it is their professional duty. But the word “think”, like many other words, has different shades of meaning. However, it always implies reflection, doubt, and comparing different options. Nevertheless, it is one thing to think within the established professional schemes and tasks: for a historian it is how better to reproduce the events of the past and their meaning, for a translator it is how better and more accurately to transmit the original text. The creative element in both cases is secondary and limited. It is another thing to question the very schemes and stereotypes that have been worked out, to try to make sense of them anew. Reflection on beginnings is useful for any intellectual activity and constitutes, if not the main, then a very important part of it, so here I list in theses form a number of problems of historical research, primarily in medieval studies, related to one or another type of translation, since the work of the historian and the translator are closely connected.
Swabia and the Swabian Nobility during the Ottonian Age: in the Center of Europe, on the Fringe of an Empire
Authors: Anufrieva Anastasia
Published: January 2023

The article explores what was a place of the Swabian duchy and the swabian nobility in the state of the Saxon royal and imperial Ottonian dynasty. There are considered the notions about Swabia in three narrative sources of the Ottonian age (the historical work of Adalbert of Magdeburg, and two biographies of the Swabian church hierarchs — Ulrich, the bishop of Augsburg and Witigowo, the abbot of Reichenau). There are traced the specifics of the representation of this topic during the reigns of Otto I (936—973), Otto II (973—983) and Otto III (983—1002) and the gradual transformation of Swabia from a position on the periphery of the empire to deeper integration into the Ottonian state.
Such an “incomplete integration” of Swabia into the Ottonian state may be explained not so much by the rulers’ disinterest in this territory as by concrete historical circumstances (first of all, by the dynastical troubles). The integration of the Swabian clerical elite into the Ottonian court environment began primarily with monasteries, not with episcopal centers. This shows that it was the Carolingian tradition that in large part continued to influence the strategy of the German emperors in Swabia.
Bureaucracy: a Shape-Memory Word
Authors: Joukovskaia Anna
Published: January 2023

Terminological debates, leaving aside the problem of the translation of terms, usually revolve around the definition of words. Less frequently discussed is the question of whether a particular lexeme is appropriate as a form for a given definition. Present-day historians of the Russian administration of the 16th — 18th centuries can be divided into two groups: those who freely use the term bureaucracy to describe the Muscovite and early imperial systems of administration, and those who consider it unsuitable for this purpose. However, the disagreement is rooted not so much in different scientific definitions (according to Marx, according to Weber) or differences in empirical description of the subject, but rather in a deep psychological acceptance or rejection of the very word bureaucracy as a scientific term. Some historians insist on the need for the researcher to banish from his mind all negative associations connected with the common linguistic usage of this lexeme, while others resist to this. The purpose of this article is to explore the history of the word bureaucratie in French during the decade of the French Revolution; to show, on the basis of the monuments of parliamentary eloquence, periodicals, literature and contemporary dictionaries, that this word was used as an expressive sign (according to Charles Bally terminology); and to remind thus the origin of that powerful negative emotional charge, which still remains in most European languages (especially in Russian) and prevents the word bureaucracy from being transformed from an expressive sign into a scientific term. The conclusion is that the word bureaucracy is still used as a performative (a speech act equivalent to an action), which aims to reveal and stigmatize evil in the form of some vice of executive power. Given this fact, it is suggested that the lexeme may be more useful not as a term for a «rational form of domination» in Weberian paradigm, but as a key concept in the (historical) psychology applied to the phenomenon of public administration.
The Evolution of Soviet-Uruguayan Relations in the 1920—1980s.
Authors: Andreev Anton
Published: January 2023

Uruguay was always on the periphery of the foreign policy of the USSR. At the same time, political, economic, party and cultural ties between Moscow and Montevideo since the 1920s was developing, which became a factor in intern policy in Uruguay. Before the Second World War, relations between the two countries were formed in the context of the influence of the Comintern, and during the era of the Cold War — in the context of organizational and ideological ties between the communist parties. The purpose of this article is to show the features of the evolution of relations between the USSR and Uruguay in the 1920—1980s. Based on party documents, documents of the Comintern, documents of Soviet foreign policy, the article examines the stages of the formation of bilateral relations, identifies their main features, draws conclusions about the influence of the left movement on relations between Uruguay and Moscow. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the USSR on the ideology of the Uruguayan communist movement, as well as on the ratio of state and public relations of the two countries.
Soviet-Spanish Negotiations on the Restoration of Diplomatic Relations in the 1960s
Authors: Filatov Georgy
Published: January 2023

Negotiations between Moscow and Madrid on the establishment of relations in the 1960s remain a little-studied episode in the history of two countries. Most articles on this issue are based on open sources and memories. In this paper, recently discovered documents provide a new perspective. Negotiations of 1963—1964 were held in Paris at the initiative of Madrid. According to the documents from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (RGANI), the Soviet ambassador tried to convince both Moscow and the Spanish Communist Party in the need for the establishment of relations, despite the instructions that this step was untimely. Even though the negotiations failed, the Soviet-Spanish contacts became more active. In 1965 and 1967 Madrid tried to establish relations with several countries of the Eastern Bloc, but Moscow advised them not to do so. A new stage in bilateral relations began after the conflict between the Soviet Union and the Spanish communists over the Prague Spring. As a result, the opportunity opened for Moscow and Madrid to sign a trade agreement in the early 1970s.
All Roads Lead to the Global South: Brazilian-Russian Relations Within the BRICS Framework
Authors: Da Costa Santos Johnatan
Published: January 2023

Since 2006, when the foreign ministers of Brazil and Russia indicated their desire to turn BRICS what was previously only an acronym developed in 2001 by Jim O'Neill of Goldman Sachs into a political organization a lot has changed in terms of policy making, geopolitics, and international relations. Since the formation of BRICS 16 years ago, the basis for collaboration has been strengthened and the fields of cooperation have been broadened. It has evolved into an all-encompassing and multi-level framework, with the BRICS Summit leading the way, supported by BRICS Meetings of Foreign Ministers and Meetings of National Security Advisers, carrying out practical cooperation in dozens of areas such as economy and trade, finance, science and technology, industry, agriculture, culture, education, health, think tanks. Both Brazil and Russia are significant regional leaders and are leading members of important international organizations such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the Group of 20 (G20), which places both at the center of the international arena. Although, Brazilian-Russian relations are not new; their participation in a South-South only forum such as BRICS might be noteworthy. That being said, and in order to better understand how both countries are interconnected, this paper proposes an analysis of Brazilian-Russian relations within the BRICS framework, with the goal to assess key aspects of their cooperation within it, and to argue that these relations within the framework of multilateral cooperation formats could bring both countries even closer, thus strengthening the Global South even further. The author highlights that the BRICS grouping can be viewed in two ways: a) as a new force seeking to overthrow the existing international system to create an alternative world order, to challenge the established Western powers, and to replace key financial institutions with new ones; and b) as a group of large emerging economies seeking to expand their currently limited ability to compete globally, concluding that the combined efforts of Brazil and Russia have provided some of the impetus needed to achieve this goal.
Turkmen Jadids-Progressives: Mukhammedkuli Atabaev and His Articles
Authors: Soegova Aina
Published: January 2023

This article is devoted to the history of the formation of socio-political thought of the Turkmen people. One of the first and brightest representatives of the modernist Jadit trend among the Turkmen was Muhammedkuli Atabaev. The main platform where M. Ababaev and other enlighteners could express their thoughts was the Trans-Caspian Native Newspaper, founded by the administration of the Trans-Caspian region of the Turkestan Governor General in 1914. It was the first newspaper in the Turkmen language. The publication for the first time gave a selection of translations of articles by M. Atabaev into Russian. The articles give an idea of the problems faced, according to M. Atambayev, by Turkmen society and methods of overcoming them.
“Own”/“Alien” National Elites: Double Life of Nikolai Nikolaevich Khan Yomudsky
Authors: Kotyukova Tatiana
Published: January 2023

At the beginning of the twentieth century. among the Russian generals, the most complementary attitude towards the Turkmens was finally formed, in comparison with other peoples of Turkestan. Paradoxically, this was largely due to the fact that the Turkmens put up the most stubborn resistance to the Russian army in the Central Asian region. Secondly, the Turkmens were seen by St. Petersburg as the least Islamized, and therefore less foreign, community for Russians in Central Asia. This instilled some confidence in the success of the subsequent accession of the Turkmens to Russian statehood. Working with the elites — was an important part of this introduction. Despite some successes, the authorities continued to distrust individual representatives of the Turkmen elites. Khan Yomudsky, accused of an anti-state conspiracy, was also on this list. Below, based on archival documents, we will try to reconstruct the history of this accusation.
Some problems of classification of crimes committed with violence according to the Russian criminal law
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Savelyeva O. Yu.
Published: January 2023

Crimes committed with violence are related to the trespass to a person, person’s basic benefits and freedoms (life, health, and physical integrity). The RF Constitutional Court emphasizes the duty of the state to develop measures to counter criminal violence. A criminal policy to counter violence, primarily sexual infringements against children, holds a specific place. Following these principles, the legislator strengthened criminal liability for a number of violent crimes. The paper analyzes the content of Articles 116.1, 117, 131, 132, 286, and 302 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation subjected to amendments and additions in 2022. The author places emphasis on the study of those criminal legislation innovations, in respect of which there are no experience in the scientific doctrine and explanations of the highest court. To form a conceptual apparatus, the author carried out the theoretical studies of scientific publications related to the topic of violent crimes. For the same purpose, the provisions of the explanations of the Russian Federation Supreme Court Plenum were analyzed. Moreover, the author examined the acts of the highest court for their compliance with the amended editions of Articles 131, 132, 286 of the RF Criminal Code. According to the results of the study, the author formulates the concepts of violent crimes and crimes committed with violence. The paper presents the proposals for the classification of crimes under Articles 286 and 302 of the RF Criminal Code in the event of a competition between them and the recommendations on the classification of crimes under Articles 131, 132 of the RF Criminal Code committed against minors and associated with serious or especially serious crimes against a person.
The diagnostics of the current state of Russian rural territories based on the inclusive approach
Authors:   Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre (FRARC), Miroshnichenko T. A.
Published: January 2023

The current state of Russian rural territories causes concern due to the numerous socio-economic problems in the countryside. Their solution is one of the most important governmental objectives that require both adequate strategic planning and timely monitoring of the current situation in the countryside. The study was aimed to identify key problems of the socio-economic development of rural territories in Russia based on the inclusive approach. Within the research, the author analyzed the dynamics of 17 indicators of inclusive development of Russian rural territories for the period from 2011 to 2020 united in four blocks: “Growth and Development”, “Economic Inclusion”, “Continuity of Generations and Development Sustainability”, and “Social Inclusion”. The study identified that the priority development of agriculture ensured the growth of gross added value of the industry but did not contribute to the improvement of the quality and living conditions of the rural population. The results of the study showed that along with the growth of labor productivity in agriculture, a decrease in the employment rate in the countryside was observed. At the same time, wages in agriculture were about a third lower than in the economy as a whole. Poverty in the countryside remains one of the most acute problems as it concerns the fifth of the rural residents. Rural settlements fall behind the urban ones in a number of parameters: life expectancy, the level of the population’s employment, the households’ available resources, social and engineering infrastructure. The solution of indicated problems is possible only when updating the existing model of the development of rural areas based on the principles of inclusive development, which to the greatest extent meet the modern-day challenges and threats.
Systemically important organizations in the competition for government support
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Demidova S. E.
Published: January 2023

The paper covers the analysis of the status of systemically important organizations and the review of government support measures in comparison with international experience. The principles of differentiating various groups of organizations are specific for each country; typically, scale criterion and industry criterion are used. Such selection becomes the most relevant in the crisis periods, when the immediate economy support measures are required. The identification of backbone organizations has been used in domestic practice since 2008, and in 2020, it was consolidated and expanded, the number of organizations increased at the national and regional levels. Moreover, the author notes the shift in the approach to the backbone organizations’ classification: the broadening of a “systemically important” status, the selection complexity, and the transition to the industry-based approach. Funded bank credits are of special interest among the government support measures. The crediting mechanism involves both a borrower and a creditor and ministries and a government agent. The author specifies the risks of this supporting measure related to possible availability limitation for other groups of organizations. Bankruptcy moratorium limitation is also specified as a competitive environment counterfactor. Medium-scale enterprises became the direct competitors to the backbone organizations in obtaining supporting measures. The author concludes that the systemically important status ensures the preference when obtaining government support as a priority. Moreover, the study identified the absence of demand for some measures from the backbone organizations. Alongside, risks for the organizations included in this group occur. Additional requirements for the analysis of economic and financial activities and monitoring are imposed. There are risks of being on the sanction lists, which may limit the circle of organization’s potential counterparts. The author proposes changing the approach to grouping organizations for government support specifying the industry-based priority, which will ensure greater transparency and objectivity when providing government support measures. The groundwork for the support tools improvement is associated with the possibility of restructuring the allowable loans.
The influence of a workpiece shape on residual stresses during linear friction welding
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Pautov A. N. , Medvedev A. Yu. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Galimov V. R. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Kolenchenko O. V. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology
Published: January 2023

Linear friction welding is an advanced technology for manufacturing titanium blisks for gas-turbine engine compressors, which are subjected to stringent requirements for cyclic strength and dimensional accuracy. Substitution of conventional butt joints with more technological T-shape joints is a promising area, which provides reducing of the pre-welding machining costs. The introduction of T-form joints requires additional research of thermal distribution specifics and strain-stress state formation in the welding process and after its end. Therefore, the study of residual stresses in titanium alloy T-shape joints produced by linear friction welding is topical. The paper investigates the residual stresses in imitating welded blisk joints. The authors consider the results of welding where the blade imitator has a reamed relief of a smaller section. The finite element model covering forging, cooling, and disassembly of welded specimens is offered. The authors developed the model in ANSYS Workbench to describe the strain-stress state of welded specimens, which allows for estimating the residual stress levels and spreading. The main distinctive feature of the model is an accounting of asymmetric temperature distribution obtained by finite-difference solving of a T-shape joint thermal problem and weld shape simulation obtained as a result of welded joints metallographic research. The presented model allows the evaluation of the residual stresses in joints. The distribution of residual stresses in T-shaped welded joints is specific – compressive stresses existing in a weld are balanced by tensile stresses acting at a distance of 1 mm from the joint. The formation of compressive stresses in a weld is caused by plastic deformation due to the forging force action.
Increasing the wear resistance of a radial bearing with a non-standard support profile and polymer coating on the shaft surface taking into account the pressure-viscosity ratio
Authors:   Rostov State Transport University, Abdulrakhman Kh. N. , Kirishchieva V. I. ,   Rostov State Transport University, Mukutadze M. A. ,   Rostov State Transport University, Shvedova V. E. ,   Rostov State Transport University
Published: January 2023

The paper covers the development and analysis of a model of the true viscous lubricant movement in the working gap of a radial sliding bearing with a non-standard support profile having a fluoroplastic composite polymer coating with a groove on the shaft surface. The authors obtained new models based on the classical equation in the approximation for the “thin layer” and the continuity equation describing the laminar pattern of movement of a lubricant with the viscous rheological properties. The results of the numerical analysis of the developed models allowed obtaining a quantitative assessment of the efficiency of the bearing bush support profile and the polymer-coated shaft with an axial groove. To complete the set of studies and verify theoretical insights, the authors carried out the experimental research. The novelty of the work lies in the development of an engineering calculation technique that allows determining the magnitude of the main tribotechnical parameters of a radial sliding bearing (hydrodynamic pressure, load capacity, and friction ratio) and expanding the area of practical application of the developed engineering calculations. The design of the radial bearing with a fluoroplastic antifriction composite polymer coating, a 3 mm wide groove, and a special support profile ensured the stable shaft ascent on the hydrodynamic wedge, which experimentally confirmed the correctness of the results of theoretical studies of sliding bearings with a diameter of 40 mm at a sliding speed of 0.3–3 m/s and a load of 13–65 MPa.
Development and research of a flexible induction heater of internal insulation of a welded joint of pipelines
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Nikitin Yu. A.
Published: January 2023

To ensure the quality of applying anti-corrosion insulation of welded joints inside pipelines with the internal protective coating, it is necessary to keep temperature regimes of a welded joint specified heating zone with high accuracy, including the heating rate and keeping the heating temperature of anti-corrosion insulation for a certain time. Nowadays, the industry does not produce compact and easy-to-use devices for heating welded joints of small-diameter pipelines when applying internal insulation in the field environment, so it is necessary to study the development of such types of devices and identify the efficiency of their use in practice. During the study, the author applies the induction heating method using a flexible induction heater of a pipeline welded joint. The heater is easy-to-install and ensures the required technological modes of heating the insulation inside the pipelines. The paper presents the results of modeling thermal processes, and, using the COMSOL Multiphysics package, studies temperature distribution along the joined pipelines. The study identified that due to uneven heating of a pipeline joint, temperature deviations falling outside the specified range occur. The author proposes a solution for this problem, which is a structural solution for the developed flexible inductor. The author used a specific laying of inductor winding to ensure the required heating characteristics. The experimental dependences of temperature change on the heating time inside the joined pipelines at the specified heating zones, which indicate the compliance with the requirement for the technology of insulating coating application, when entering various heating modes are obtained. The induction heater power required for heating the pipeline with a diameter of 159 mm and wall thickness of 8 mm was no more than 3 kW. The developed heaters provide the possibility of quick and convenient installation on pipelines, safety, and automation of insulation application. The study solves an important aspect of the problem of practical use of the technology of anti-corrosion protection of a welded bell-and-bell joint of pipelines of small diameters in the oil-and-gas industry.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment of a Coal Mining Enterprise and its Impact on the Pollution of Small Rivers
Authors: Ivanova L.A. , Golubevа N.S. , Timoshchuk I.V. , Gorelkina A.K. , Prosekov A.Yu. , Sapurin Z.P. , Medvedev A.V.
Published: January 2023

The analysis of the qualitative composition of the waste water of the coal mining enterprise was carried out. As a result of monitoring studies, data on the composition of pollutants discharged into the water of small rivers were obtained. It is established that the feature of quarry waters is an increased content of suspended solids (inorganic dust) from drilling, blasting, overburden and mining operations; petroleum products from oil and fuel spills; nitrites and nitrates formed when using explosives; iron formed as a result of the oxidation of pyrite (often found in the host rocks), metal structures and parts of equipment and sulfates. The applied technology of wastewater treatment at a coal mine is considered, and its effectiveness is justified. It is shown that the main problem in the field of water resources protection is the lack of adapted technologies for deep wastewater treatment in relation to a specific enterprise. The ways of improving the technological level and quality of treatment of quarry wastewater are determined.
Comparison of Distal Arterial Hemodynamic Changes of the Upper Extremity Loop and Straight Arteriovenous Grafts
Authors: Hemmati Hossien , Esmaeili Delshad Mohammad Sadegh , Ashoobi Mohammad Taghi , Eslami Kenarsari Habib , Farzin Mohaya , Mousavi Seyedeh Maral
Published: January 2023

Hemodialysis access has been considered as a support for end-stage renal patients. We measured the hemodynamic changes of the distal part of the upper extremity immediately after providing the AVGs in each method mentioned above and then compared the results. This method is a novel one and hasn’t been used in any other studies before. We studied 32 patients referred to the vascular surgery department of Rasht Razi Hospital between 2019-2020 (using the Convenient Sampling method). This study is a case-control study. Out of 32 patients referred to the vascular surgery department of the hospital, 68.8% were male, and their mean age was 53.41±12.75 years, ranging from 28 to 78 years. Changes in distal arterial hemodynamics of the upper limb before and after clamping in dialysis venoarterial loop versus straight grafts are different in studied patients (P<0.05). The mean hemodynamic changes before and after clamping in loop venoarterial grafts (19.5000) are less than straight grafts. In dialysis patients who do not have any superficial vein suitable for venous, arterial fistula, surgical placement of artificial grafts in the upper limb is appropriate. Based on the results of this study, the loop method seems to have lesser ischemic Complications and can be applied to dialysis patients.
Fresh-Packed RBC Infusion Diminishes Acute AlP Poisoned-Patients' Mortality Rate: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Rahimi Nastaran , Behnoush Behnam , Hosseini Hamed , Fakhrabadi Amir A , Javadian Nina , Barzegari Dahaj Nasrin , Maleki Adeleh , Tabatabaei Seyed Morteza , Dehpour Ahmad Reza
Published: January 2023

Accidental or intentional poisoning with Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is associated with severe complications such as metabolic acidosis, cardiac failure, and death. Previous animal experiments demonstrated that fresh-packed RBC is protective in an experimental model of AlP poisoning. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fresh-packed RBC on survival in patients admitted to a referral hospital due to AlP poisoning in a randomized clinical trial. Eighty-two patients were admitted to Clinical Toxicology Unit at Baharloo Hospital due to acute AlP poisoning after approval by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (registration reference: IRCT20180428039443N1). All patients received standard treatment, and forty-one of them received fresh-packed RBC. There was no significant difference between groups in the underlying characteristics, including vital signs and laboratory investigations. But interestingly, the mortality rate was meaningfully decreased (difference: 31.7%, 95% CI: 0.10-0.52) in patients receiving fresh-packed RBC (10 deaths/31 survived; 24.4% mortality) in comparison to standard treatment patients (23 deaths/18 survived; 56.1% mortality). Furthermore, fresh-packed RBC substantially improved the GCS, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, ST changes, and pH 12- and- 24 hours after admission. This study showed that fresh-packed RBC infusion alongside standard supportive treatment leads to a decrease in mortality rate; also, it provided evidence for a protective role of fresh-packed RBC in the management of patients with acute AlP poisoning.
Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Its Determinants in a Deprived Rural Population of Iran: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Pakzad Reza , Asharlous Amir , Yekta Abbasali , Sadoughi Mohammad Mehdi , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Khabazkhoob Mehdi
Published: January 2023

To investigate the prevalence of Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and its relationship with some determinants in underserved villages of Iran. This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 3850 subjects that were randomly selected from the villages of two underserved districts in the north and southwest of Iran using multistage cluster sampling. All participants underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including visual acuity and refraction measurement. Then, slit-lamp biomicroscopy was done by an ophthalmologist to investigate MGD. Of 3850 subjects that were invited, 3314 participated in the study (participation rate=86.07%), of whom 1834 (55.34%) were women. The mean age of the participants was 37.7±21.4 years (range=2-93 years). The prevalence (95% CI) of MGD in at least one eye was 29.20% (27.35 to 31.06). According to the results of multiple regression analysis, MGD had a positive association with the male sex (OR: 1.75; CI 95%: 1.44 to 2.13), age 61-70 years (OR: 7.15; CI 95%: 3.65 to 14.01), and living in southern villages (OR: 1.82; CI 95%: 1.48 to 2.22) and an inverse association with education level (OR: 0.89; CI 95%: 0.80 to 0.98). The results of this study showed a lower prevalence of MGD even in Iranian rural regions compared to other Asian countries. This study found that older age, male sex, and low education level served as MGD risk factors. It seems that improved health conditions are an important factor in preventing MGD.
Measurement of Hyoid Bone Morphometric Parameters for Sex Prediction in Iranian Population
Authors: Soltani Siamak , Memarian Azadeh , Aghakhani Kamran , Ghazanfaripoor Behzad
Published: January 2023

Anatomical and anthropological study of hyoid bones could be used in the sex prediction from skeletal remains. The aim of this study is to examine the morphometrical parameters of the hyoid bone individuals of the Iranian population. The study was carried out on 248 hyoid bones taken from cadavers Referred to Kahrizak Legal Medicine Center in 2020. Four anthropometric indices of hyoid bone were studied and have been associated with the sex and height of the individuals. The study included 179 (72.2%) males and 69 (27.8%) female cases. No significant difference was observed between the two gender groups in terms of age (P=0.678). The indexes of hyoid bones measured were compared between male and female genders, and the results show that the transverse distance between the tubercle of the greater horn, the Anterior/posterior dimension of the body, the distance between the upper and lower margin of the body in the middle (height) and the maximum depth of concavity on the posterior surface of the body, was associated with the sex determination (P<0.001). The four hyoid bone indexes measured in this study were higher in males compared with females, which indicates that hyoid bone morphometry can be used for sex determination in the Iranian population.
What Determine Customer Loyalty at Tokopedia Website?
Authors: Steven Sanjayai Louis , Sulistiowati  , Bintoro Bagus Purmono  , Helma Malini  , Erna Listiana
Published: January 2023

With the advent of online shopping in Indonesia, e-commerce has emerged as a transaction platform for purchasing goods and services for the community. The development of e-commerce trends has led to intense business competition in cyberspace. Website quality is one of the factors that can determine trust and generate online shop customer loyalty. In an increasingly competitive environment, e-retailers are required to build quality that affects customer trust. Customer loyalty presents a paradox. This study uses a causal design approach to examine the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the AMOS 24 application.
Interleukin-23 receptor gene polymorphisms in osteoporosis
Authors: ULUTAŞ Firdevs , ÇETİN Ozan , ÇOBANKARA Veli
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Osteoporosis (OP) is a usual disease with a possible genetic predisposition. IL-23 plays a role in physiological bone remodeling and regulates the activity of cells of the bone either directly or indirectly on bone-resorbing osteoclasts as well as on bone-forming osteoblasts. Recent animal and human trials have revealed the main pro-osteoclastogenic activities for the IL-23 pathway. We examined nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) in 100 OP patients and gender- and age-matched 96 healthy volunteers. The most analyzed SNPs in the recent rheumatology literature were selected.
Methods: In addition to gene polymorphisms several laboratory parameters (osteocalcin, parathormone, vitamine D) were investigated. Independent Samples t-test and Mann-Whitney-U test were used to compare several demographic and clinical parameters between the groups. P-value < 0.05 was accepted to be statistically significant.
Results: Having the heterozygous GA genotype of IL-23R rs1004819 and the heterozygous CT genotype of Il-23R rs7530511 significantly increase the risk of developing OP (adjusted OR: 3.51, p = 0.031 and OR: 2.41, p = 0.027, respectively). The wild homozygous GG genotype of Il-23R rs11209032 had higher osteocalcin levels compared with the mutant homozygous AA genotype (18.75 ± 9.76, p = 0.009).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that several IL-23R gene polymorphisms are seen more often in osteoporosis patients than in healthy volunteers. In addition, some SNPs were related to higher serum osteocalcin levels.
A Vocabulary Companion to Practical English 1
Authors: Wieczorek Anna Ewa
Published: January 2023

A Vocabulary Companion to Practical English 1 comprises a selection of lexical exercises based on topics covered in the MA-level Practical English course conducted in the winter semester at the Institute of English Studies, University of Lodz. Its aim is to provide students with self-study materials to enrich their knowledge of the English vocabulary practised in the classroom. The higher-level vocabulary exercises concentrate on the five topics: Prejudice and Discrimination, The Culture of The Image, Marketing, Work and Success, and Demography. They cover collocations, idiomatic expressions, prepositional phrases, word formation, and phrasal verbs.
Review on Vitamin Producing and Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus, Derived from Tribal Fermented Foods
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj,  Uttar Dinajpur- 733134, West Bengal, India, Jana Subhas Chandra
Published: January 2023

Though almost all natural food sources contain vitamins, vitamin deficiencies are still prevalent in the World. In India, both macro and micronutrient deficiency diseases are very common due to low consumption of nutritional foods, consumption of foods with low nutritive value, improper cooking methods, poor socio-economic conditions etc. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the best choice after food stuffs to reduce the burden of nutrient deficiency diseases. Recently lactic acid bacteria have been hugely used in the food industry for fermentation due to its numerous functions and health benefits. Fermentation with probiotic lactic acid bacteria not only enhances the nutritive value and digestibility of the foods but also enhances vitamin concentration due to their vitamin producing capability. Certain strains of lactic acid bacteria can synthesize B-group vitamins such as folate, cobalamine, riboflavin etc. This review listed current papers showing the probiotic and vitamin-producing properties of tribal fermented foods derived from Lactic acid bacteria including Lactobacillus. This review expects that the probiotic vitamin producing Lactobacillus strains can be used as a starter culture for the fermentation process to prepare indigenous fermented foods and helps in preventing clinical and subclinical vitamin deficiencies among tribal community.
Cystic Fibrosis: Back to the Basics
Authors: Myer Heather , Chupita Sarah , Jnah Amy
Published: January 2023

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disorder in Caucasian individuals, with an incidence of 1/2,500–3,500 live births. When CF was first described in 1938, most children died in infancy. Currently, the average lifespan is 28–47.7 years. Although new breakthroughs have occurred, CF is still incurable. Both early diagnosis and treatment by multidisciplinary teams are essential to optimize short- and long-term outcomes. It is imperative for neonatal clinicians to keep up to date on the most current research, treatment, and management of CF to provide the best outcomes. This article offers clinicians an updated review of the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of CF, as well as current evidence-based diagnostics and treatment regimens.
Touch Experiences of Preterm Infants During Essential Nursing Care
Authors: Dion Nist Marliese , Harrison Tondi M. , Pickler Rita H.
Published: January 2023

Purpose:To characterize and quantify touch experienced by preterm infants in the NICU during essential nursing care, identify instances of skin-to-skin touch between infants and caregivers, and identify clinical/demographic variables associated with touch experiences.Design:Cross-sectional study.Sample:Preterm infants (N= 20) born 27–32 weeks post-menstrual age.Main Outcome Variable:Categories of touch during observations.Results:Touch experienced by infants during day and night shifts was primarily direct touch that was further categorized as general handling. During day shifts, 30 percent of direct touch was provided for comfort, but only 9.7 percent of touch was provided exclusively for comfort (i.e., without more intrusive touch). During night shifts, 10.6 percent of direct touch was provided for comfort, and 3 percent was categorized as exclusive comforting touch. Caregivers wore gloves for >89 percent of infant touch. Only the level of respiratory support was associated with touch categories during both shifts.
Eficiencia fotoquímica y crecimiento de chile poblano inoculados con rizobacteria y hongos micorrízicos arbusculares
Authors: Almaraz-Suárez Juan José , Ferrera-Cerrato Ronald , González-Mancilla Apolinar , González- Mancillas Rigoberto , Orona-Castillo Ignacio , Gutiérrez- Guzmán Ulises Noel , Preciado-Rangel Pablo
Published: January 2023

Los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) y las bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (BPCV) se asocian simbióticamente y de forma natural con las plantasde chile poblano. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la inoculación de HMA y BPCV,en la eficiencia fotoquímica del fotosistema II y el crecimiento de plántulas de chile poblano. El experimento se realizó en invernadero,bajo un diseño completamente al azar, combinando tres grupos de HMA [Funneliformis geosporum + Claroideoglomus spp. (FGC), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CE) y sin micorriza (SM)] y dos niveles de rizobacteria [Arthrobacter spp.(AB) y sin rizobacteria (SB)], generando seis tratamientos: [T1) FGC + AB, T2) FGC + SB, T3) CE + AB, T4) CE + SB, T5) SM + AB y T6) SM + SB (Testigo)],con 15 repeticiones cada uno, para un total de 90 unidades experimentales. Se utilizaron 7 g de sustrato como inóculos de HMA,propagados en cultivo trampa durante seis meses con pasto Ray-grass (140 y 128 esporas); la bacteria utilizada fue Arthrobacter spp.,preparada en medio liquido con caldo nutritivo, agregando 1 mL de inoculo por cavidad con 166 x 108 UFC mL−1. Las variables evaluadas fueron altura de plántula, número de hojas, área foliar, biomasa seca,colonización micorrízica y la eficiencia fotoquímica del fotosistemaII. El T1 generó mayor altura, número de hojas, área foliar, biomasa seca y colonización micorrízica, mientras que la eficiencia fotoquímica del fotosistemaII, expresada en Fv/Fm y Fv/Fo, fue superior en el T2. La inoculación de HMA y BPCV son alternativas para mejorar el crecimiento de plántulas en chile poblano.
Índice de vegetación ajustado de suelo para estimar efecto de manejo al Norte de Coahuila
Authors: García-Aranda Mario Alberto , Moreno-Talamantes Antonio , Sánchez-Salas Jaime , Gonzalez Uribe Dino Ulises
Published: January 2023

Se avaluó el efecto sobre cobertura vegetal (CV) por mediode Índices de Vegetación Ajustado de Suelo (SAVI). Los resultados indican tendencias de cambio de 2016 a 2020 bajo distinto manejo en seis prediosdel APFF, en Ocampo, Coahuila. El índice promedio para 348 832 datos, no mostró normalidad, ni la H Kruskal Wallis indicó diferencias significativas entre valores estimados de predios. Terrenos particulares con manejo de conservación tuvieron valores SAVI altos indicando mayor CV, los comunitarios con manejo ganadero tuvieron valores SAVI bajos y menor CV. De 2016 y 2017 hubo diferencias significativas (H, P < 0.01) y estadísticamente similares de 2018 a 2020 mientras que en el 2019 se registraron los mayores valores SAVI. El índice mostró utilidades para cubrir grandes extensiones de terreno en regiones áridas y semiáridas, posibilitando detección de cambios en CV para análisis y planeación del manejo de recursos.
Macroalgas sobre la eclosión de huevecillos de Meloidogyne incognita y como bioestimulante en albahaca
Authors: Romero-Bastidas Mirella , Rojas-Contreras Maurilia , Arce- Amézquita Pablo Misael , Rangel-Dávalos Carlos , Guevara- Franco José Alfredo , Hernández-Rubio José Saúl
Published: January 2023

Las macroalgas marinas son un método de control biológico que disminuyen el daño que provoca el nematodo agallador en los cultivos de importancia económica. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de cuatro macroalgas en el control de Meloidogyne incognita y su efecto bioestimulante en albahaca. Para ello, cuatro extractos derivados de Ulva lactuca, Ulva clathrata, Gracilaria spp. y Sargassum spp. fueron evaluados en tres dosis (1 000, 2 000 y 3 000 ppm) sobre la eclosión de huevecillos y su eficacia en la germinación, longitud de tallo y raíz de plántulas. Se realizó un análisis fitoquimico de las macroalgas que presentaron acción nematicida sobre los huvecillos. Los resultados mostraron que el extracto de Sargassum spp. y U. lactuca bajo las dosis evaluadas generaron el menor número de huevecillos eclosionados. Pero, ninguna macroalga incrementó elporcentaje de germinación, pero si la longitud de tallo. El análisis fitoquímico del extracto de Sargassum spp. registró el mayor contenido de alcaloides, fenoles, fitoesteroles, péptidos y saponinas. Se comprueba la eficacia de algunas macroalgas marinas sobre el control de M. incognita y su acción bioestimulante en la planta, lo cual es de gran interés para la agricultura orgánica y convencional.
Inhibición in vitro de hongos fitopatógenos utilizando extractos de muérdago mexicano (Psittacanthus calyculatus)
Authors: Xoca-Orozco Luis Angel , Cortez-Fonseca Karina , Luna-López Carlos , Hernández-Mendoza Gustavo , Flores-Sierra José de Jesús , Chacón-López Martina Alejandra , Aguilera-Aguirre Selene
Published: January 2023

Psittacanthus calyculatus es una planta hemiparásita que afecta diversas especies vegetales de gran importancia para el ecosistema. Existen diversos reportes sobre su capacidad antibacteriana debido a que contiene diversos compuestos con actividad antioxidante y antimicrobiana, sin embargo, sobre su actividad antifúngica es prácticamente nula la información disponible. Por lo que el objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer la actividad antifúngica de extractos de muérdago ante la inhibición de Colletotrichum. gloeosporioides, Fusarium sp. y Curvularia sp. Para ello, se utilizó hoja y flor de muérdago obtenidos de dos hospederos: Prosopis laevigata y Eysenhardtia polystachya. Las muestras se lavaron, deshidrataron y molieron. Posteriormente se realizó una extracción sólido-líquido utilizando el metanol-acetona-agua. Se cuantificó el contenido de fenoles y flavonoides, además el perfil fitoquímico cualitativo. La evaluación de la actividad antifúngica se llevó a cabo con la técnica de dilución en placa con medio PDA. Se determinaron los parámetros de inhibición del crecimiento micelial, esporulación, germinación y se determinó el efecto fungicida o fungistático. Los resultados muestran inhibición mayor al 70% con extractos de hoja y flor, siendo Curvularia sp. el más susceptible con un 98% de inhibición. También hubo reducción de la esporulación y germinación de los fitopatógenos evaluados. Se determinó que la inhibición corresponde a un efecto fungistático. Los resultados revelan alta capacidadde inhibición in vitro de extractos de muérdago contra fitopatógenos de gran importancia para la agricultura.