bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Démonter/remonter le cinéma
Authors: Bellour Raymond
Published: October 2015

Le cinéma a toujours éprouvé plus ou moins le désir ou le besoin de se citer lui-même. Mais il en va autrement quand l’oeuvre entière tombe sous le coup de la citation généralisée, au gré de stratégies variées par lesquelles se retournent l’une sur l’autre les logiques du cinéma et celles de l’art contemporain. Trois oeuvres emblématiques forment en cela une sorte de paradigme, qui ouvre sur bien d’autres : 24 Hours Psycho (1993) de Douglas Gordon; Histoire(s) du cinéma (1989-1998) de Jean-Luc Godard; The Clock (2010) de Christian Marclay. Dans l’oeuvre de Gordon, le corps du film est mis à mal par la transformation dont il devient l’objet, ralenti jusqu’au paradoxe pour un spectateur mué en visiteur improbable. Mais ce geste iconoclaste s’inscrit malgré lui dans la logique épistémique qui a été celle des analystes de films. Godard, à l’opposé, conçoit une ode au cinéma comme art pensé dans son histoire et son rapport aux autres arts. Elle culmine à travers l’hommage à Hitchcock dans l’épisode Le contrôle de l’univers. Quant à Marclay, le paradoxe des vingt-quatre heures de son montage généralisé devenant le temps réel de son spectateur-visiteur réalise comme une sortie du cinéma sous couvert d’en emprunter la matière et d’en mimer le dispositif.
The evolution of non-reproductive workers in insect colonies with haplodiploid genetics
Authors: Olejarz Jason W , Allen Benjamin , Veller Carl , Nowak Martin A
Published: October 2015

Eusociality is a distinct form of biological organization. A key characteristic of advanced eusociality is the presence of non-reproductive workers. Why evolution should produce organisms that sacrifice their own reproductive potential in order to aid others is an important question in evolutionary biology. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the selective forces that determine the emergence and stability of non-reproductive workers. We study the effects, in situations where the queen of the colony has mated once or several times, of recessive and dominant sterility alleles acting in her offspring. Contrary to widespread belief based on heuristic arguments of genetic relatedness, non-reproductive workers can easily evolve in polyandrous species. The crucial quantity is the functional relationship between a colony’s reproductive rate and the fraction of non-reproductive workers present in that colony. We derive precise conditions for natural selection to favor the evolution of non-reproductive workers.
A reappraisal of the morphology and systematic position of the theropod dinosaurSigilmassasaurusfrom the “middle” Cretaceous of Morocco
Authors: Evers Serjoscha W. , Rauhut Oliver W.M. , Milner Angela C. , McFeeters Bradley , Allain Ronan
Published: October 2015

Sigilmassasaurus brevicollisis an enigmatic theropod dinosaur from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Morocco, originally based on a few isolated cervical vertebrae. Ever since its original description, both its taxonomic validity and systematic affinities were contentious. Originally considered to represent its own family, Sigilmassasauridae, the genus has variously been suggested to represent a carcharodontosaurid, an ornithischian, and, more recently, a spinosaurid. Here we describe new remains referrable to this taxon and re-evaluate its taxonomic status and systematic affinities. Based on the new remains, a re-evaluation of the original materials, and comparisons with other spinosaurids, the holotype ofSigilmassasaurus brevicollisis identified as an anterior dorsal, rather than a cervical vertebra, and differences between elements referred to this taxon can be explained by different positions of the elements in question within the vertebral column. Many characters used previously to diagnose the genus and species are found to be more widespread among basal tetanurans, and specifically spinosaurids. However, the taxon shows several autapomorphies that support its validity, including the presence of a strongly rugose, ventrally offset triangular platform that is confluent with a ventral keel anteriorly in the mid-cervical vertebral centra and a strongly reduced lateral neural arch lamination, with no or an incomplete distinction between anterior and posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae in the posterior cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae. We argue furthermore thatSpinosaurus maroccanus, also described on the basis of isolated cervical vertebrae from the same stratigraphic unit and in the same paper asSigilmassasaurus brevicollis, is a subjective synonym of the latter. Both a detailed comparison of this taxon with other theropods and a formal phylogenetic analysis support spinosaurid affintities forSigilmassasaurus. However, we reject the recently proposed synonymy of bothSpinosaurus maroccanusandSigilmassasurus brevicolliswithSpinosaurus aegyptiacusfrom the Cenomanian of Egypt, as there are clear differences between the vertebrae of these taxa, and they do not share any derived character that is not found in other spinosaurids. Together with a comparison with other spinosaurid vertebral material from the Kem Kem, this suggests that more than one taxon of spinosaurid was present in the Kem Kem assemblage of Morocco, so the referral of non-overlapping material from this unit to a single taxon should be regarded with caution.
Replacement of native by non-native animal communities assisted by human introduction and management on Isla Victoria, Nahuel Huapi National Park
Authors: Martin-Albarracin Valeria L. , Nuñez Martin A. , Amico Guillermo C.
Published: October 2015

One of the possible consequences of biological invasions is the decrease of native species abundances or their replacement by non-native species. In Andean Patagonia, southern Argentina and Chile, many non-native animals have been introduced and are currently spreading. On Isla Victoria, Nahuel Huapi National Park, many non-native vertebrates were introduced ca. 1937. Records indicate that several native vertebrates were present before these species were introduced. We hypothesize that seven decades after the introduction of non-native species and without appropriate management to maintain native diversity, non-native vertebrates have displaced native species (given the known invasiveness and impacts of some of the introduced species). We conducted direct censuses in linear transects 500 m long (n= 10) in parallel with camera-trapping (1,253 camera-days) surveys in two regions of the island with different levels of disturbance: high (n= 4) and low (n= 6) to study the community of terrestrial mammals and birds and the relative abundances of native and non-native species. Results show that currently non-native species are dominant across all environments; 60.4% of census records and 99.7% of camera trapping records are of non-native animals. We detected no native large mammals; the assemblage of large vertebrates consisted of five non-native mammals and one non-native bird. Native species detected were one small mammal and one small bird. Species with the highest trapping rate were red and fallow deer, wild boar, silver pheasant (all four species are non-native) and chucao (a native bird). These results suggest that native species are being displaced by non-natives and are currently in very low numbers.
Epidemiological evidence on extra-medical use of prescription pain relievers: transitions from newly incident use to dependence among 12–21 year olds in the United States using meta-analysis, 2002–13
Authors: Parker Maria A. , Anthony James C.
Published: October 2015

Background.When 12-to-21-year-olds start using prescription pain relievers extra-medically, some of them transition into opioid dependence within 12 months after such use. Our main aim for this epidemiological research on 12-to-21-year-olds in the United States (US) is to estimate the risk of becoming a newly incident case of opioid dependence within 12 months after onset of using prescription pain relievers extra-medically (EMPPR).

Methods.Meta-analyses from multiple independent replication samples now are possible, based upon nationally representative survey samples of US adolescents age 12–21 years. All 12-to-21-year-olds were sampled and recruited for the US National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, with standardized assessments of EMPPR use and opioid dependence (NSDUH, 2002–2013).

Results.Peak risk for a transition from start of EMPPR use to opioid dependence within 12 months is seen at mid-adolescence among 14-to-15-year-olds (6.3%, 8.7% per year), somewhat earlier than peak risk for starting EMPPR use (seen for 16-to-19-year-olds at 4.1%, 5.9% per year). Applied to 12-to-21-year-olds in the US between 2002–2013, an estimated 8 million started using PPR extra-medically. Each year, roughly 42,000 to 58,000 transitioned into opioid dependence within 12 months after onset of such use.

Discussion.These epidemiological estimates for the US in recent years teach us to expect one transition into adolescent-onset opioid dependence within 12 months for every 11–16 newly incident EMPPR users, yielding perhaps 120 newly incident opioid dependent cases in need of practitioner attention or treatment services, each day of each year. This evidence can be used to motivate more effective public health prevention, outreach, and early intervention programs as might prevent or delay occurrence of EMPPR use and opioid dependence.
Primary Mental Health Care in the Family Health Team Setting: Tracking Patient Care from Referral to Outcome
Authors: Cordeiro Kristina , Foroughe Mirisse , Mastorakos Tessie
Published: October 2015

This study reports on the mental health services provided at a large, multi-site Ontario family health team (FHT) across one year of service delivery, describing a unique model of collaboration between psychology, social work, and primary care medicine. Patient satisfaction ratings and clinical outcomes were examined pre- and post-treatment. Referral patterns, presenting concerns, wait times, and treatment services are also reported. Significant positive outcomes were observed and patient satisfaction was very high. Importantly, short wait times (m = 6.4 weeks) were found relative to traditional mental health settings.
The importance of Harmattan surges for the emission of North African dust aerosol
Authors: Fiedler S. , Kaplan M. L. , Knippertz P.
Published: October 2015

Dust aerosol is important in the Earth system, but the relative impact of meteorological mechanisms on North African dust emission remains unclear. This study presents the first climatology of dust emission amounts associated with Harmattan surges (HSs), characterized by postfrontal strengthening of near‐surface winds. A new automated identification uses their strong isallobaric winds as an indicator for HSs in 32 years of ERA‐Interim reanalysis. Their impact on dust aerosol emission is estimated by combining the identified events with derived dust emissions. The estimate highlights that about one third of the total emission mass is associated with HSs. Spring shows the largest associated emissions of 30–50% of the monthly totals consistent with the largest number and duration of HSs. Regional emission contributions of up to 80% in the north coincide with the overall largest emission maxima in spring. The importance of HSs for dust emission implies that aerosol‐climate models need to accurately represent synoptic‐scale storms.
Increasing atmospheric water vapor and higher daily precipitation intensity over northern Eurasia
Authors: Ye Hengchun , Fetzer Eric J. , Wong Sun , Behrangi Ali , Yang Daqing , Lambrigtson Bjorn H.
Published: October 2015

Increasing daily precipitation intensity is strongly associated with increasing water vapor in the atmosphere over northern Eurasia based on this study of 35 years of daily precipitation, specific humidity, and air temperature observations at 152 stations. The apparently linear relationship is consistent across all four seasons at interannual and longer time scales, and holds after temperature variation have been controlled. The study further reveals that this relationship is accompanied by increases in precipitation totals from heavy events (above the 70th percentile) and decreases in light ones (below the 30th percentile). Results suggest that increased atmospheric water vapor is the direct link to more frequent intense events of precipitation and increased risk of flooding under a warming climate via increasing precipitation intensity.
Separator reconnection at the magnetopause for predominantly northward and southward IMF: Techniques and results
Authors: Glocer A. , Dorelli J. , Toth G. , Komar C. M. , Cassak P. A.
Published: October 2015

In this work, we demonstrate how to track magnetic separators in three‐dimensional simulated magnetic fields with or without magnetic nulls, apply these techniques to enhance our understanding of reconnection at the magnetopause. We present three methods for locating magnetic separators and apply them to 3‐D resistive MHD simulations of the Earth's magnetosphere using the Block‐Adaptive‐Tree Solar‐wind Roe‐type Upwind Scheme code. The techniques for finding separators and determining the reconnection rate are insensitive to interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle and can in principle be applied to any magnetospheric model. Moreover, the techniques have a number of advantages over prior separator finding techniques applied to the magnetosphere. The present work examines cases of high and low resistivity for two clock angles. We go beyond previous work examine the separator during Flux Transfer Events (FTEs). Our analysis of reconnection on the magnetopause yields a number of interesting conclusions: Reconnection occurs all along the separator even during predominately northward IMF cases. Multiple separators form in low‐resistivity conditions, and in the region of an FTE the separator splits into distinct branches. Moreover, the local contribution to the reconnection rate, as determined by the local parallel electric field, drops in the vicinity of the FTE with respect to the value when there are none.
Imaging the magmatic system of Mono Basin, California, with magnetotellurics in three dimensions
Authors: Peacock J. R. , Mangan M. T. , McPhee D. , Ponce D. A.
Published: October 2015

A three‐dimensional (3‐D) electrical resistivity model of Mono Basin in eastern California, unveils a complex subsurface filled with zones of partial melt, fluid‐filled fracture networks, cold plutons, and regional faults. In 2013, 62 broadband magnetotelluric stations were collected in an array around southeastern Mono Basin from which a 3‐D electrical resistivity model was created with a resolvable depth of 35 km. Multiple robust electrical resistivity features were found that correlate with existing geophysical observations. The most robust features are two 300 ± 50 km3 near‐vertical conductive bodies (3–10 Ω m) that underlie the southeast and northeastern margin of Mono Craters below 10 km depth. These features are interpreted as magmatic crystal‐melt mush zones of 15 ± 5% interstitial melt surrounded by hydrothermal fluids and are likely sources for Holocene eruptions. Two conductive east dipping structures appear to connect each magma source region to the surface. A conductive arc‐like structure (< 0.9 Ω m) links the northernmost mush column at 10 km depth to just below vents near Panum Crater, where the high conductivity suggests the presence of hydrothermal fluids. The connection from the southernmost mush column at 10 km depth to below South Coulée is less obvious with higher resistivity (200 Ω m) suggestive of a cooled connection. A third, less constrained conductive feature (4–10 Ω m) 15 km deep, extending to 35 km is located west of Mono Craters near the eastern front of the Sierra Nevada escarpment and is coincident with a zone of sporadic, long‐period earthquakes that are characteristic of a fluid‐filled (magmatic or metamorphic) fracture network. A resistive feature (103–105 Ω m) located under Aeolian Buttes contains a deep root down to 25 km. The eastern edge of this resistor appears to structurally control the arcuate shape of Mono Craters. These observations have been combined to form a new conceptual model of the magmatic system beneath Mono Craters to a depth of 30 km.
Trends in mesospheric ice layers in the Northern Hemisphere during 1961–2013
Authors: Berger U. , Lübken F.‐J.
Published: October 2015

The MIMAS ice model is used to study the trend behavior of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) responding to long‐term changes in mesospheric temperatures at northern high latitudes for the summer period 1961–2013. This paper presents long‐term PMC variations in terms of ice water content (IWC) at northern high latitudes for monthly July averages that are compared to solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV) data available in the period 1979–2013. In general, good agreement is found between long‐term PMC variations from the model and from satellite observations. For example, both model and SBUV data show an increase in ice water content (IWC > 40 g km−2) in the latitude band 74°–82°N with significant IWC trends of 2.8 ± 2.1 g km−2/dec and 2.4 ± 2.0 g km−2/dec, respectively. Modeled trends in IWC are latitudinally dependent. For the entire period 1961–2013 no trend exists at midlatitudes (50°–60°N) but increases poleward to highly significant values of 4.4 ± 0.9 g km−2/dec in the latitude band 74°–82°N. The analysis of trends in extreme PMC events (IWC > 300 g km−2) shows a 23%/dec increase in occurrence frequency at 74°–82°N which is by far the largest trend of all PMC parameters. We discuss the statistical properties of PMC following an exponential distribution. We derive an analytic solution of ice growth from microphysics that allows calculation of ice particle radius as a function of background conditions. As a result, the thermal conditions near 83 km height, with a cooling of −0.58 ± 0.32 K/dec, mainly determine trends in IWC whereas cooling at lower heights, induced by stratospheric ozone, controls to a large extent the long‐term behavior of PMC altitudes.
Engineering Solar Cell Absorbers by Exploring the Band Alignment and Defect Disparity: The Case of Cu‐ and Ag‐Based Kesterite Compounds
Authors: Yuan Zhen‐Kun , Chen Shiyou , Xiang Hongjun , Gong Xin‐Gao , Walsh Aron , Park Ji‐Sang , Repins Ingrid , Wei Su‐Huai
Published: October 2015

The development of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin‐film solar cells is currently hindered by the large deficit of open‐circuit voltage (Voc), which results from the easy formation of CuZn antisite acceptor defects. Suppressing the formation of CuZn defects, especially near the absorber/buffer interface, is thus critical for the further improvement of kesterite solar cells. In this paper, it is shown that there is a large disparity between the defects in Cu‐ and Ag‐based kesterite semiconductors, i.e., the CuZn or CuCd acceptor defects have high concentration and are the dominant defects in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 or Cu2CdSnS4, but the AgZn acceptor has only a low concentration and the dominant defects are donors in Ag2ZnSnS4. Therefore, the Cu‐based kesterites always show p‐type conductivity, while the Ag‐based kesterites show either intrinsic or weak n‐type conductivity. Based on this defect disparity and calculated band alignment, it is proposed that the Voc limit of the kesterite solar cells can be overcome by alloying Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 with Ag2ZnSn(S,Se)4, and the composition‐graded (Cu,Ag)2ZnSn(S,Se)4 alloys should be ideal light‐absorber materials for achieving higher efficiency kesterite solar cells.
3D Nanostructured Conjugated Polymers for Optical Applications
Authors: Dehmel Raphael , Nicolas Alexandre , Scherer Maik R. J. , Steiner Ullrich
Published: October 2015

The self assembly of block‐copolymers into the gyroid morphology is replicated into 3D nanostructured conjugated polymers. Voided styrenic gyroidal networks are used as scaffolds for the electrodeposition of two poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) derivatives and poly(pyrrole). The careful choice of solvents and electrolytes allows the excellent replication of the initial self‐assembled morphology into self‐supporting gyroidal conjugated polymer networks. The nanostructured films are employed to fabricate electrochromic devices, exhibiting excellent color contrast upon switching, with fast switching speeds. The versatility and reliability of this method are demonstrated by the creation of switchable Fresnel zone plates, with which the focussing of light can be switched on and off.
Robust Prediction of Personalized Cell Recognition from a Cancer Population by a Dual Targeting Nanoparticle Library
Authors: Le Tu C. , Yan Bing , Winkler David A.
Published: October 2015

Nanomaterials are used increasingly in diagnostics and therapeutics, particularly for malignancies. Efficient targeting of nanoparticles to specific cells is an important requirement for the development of successful nanoparticle‐based theranostics and personalized medicines. Gold nanoparticles are surface modified using a library of small organic molecules, and optionally folate, to investigate their ability to target four cell lines from common cancers, three having high levels of folate receptors expression. Uptake of these nanoparticles varies widely with surface chemistriy and cell lines. Sparse machine learning methods are used to computationally model surface chemistry–uptake relationships, to make quantitative predictions of uptake for new nanoparticle surface chemistries, and to elucidate molecular aspects of the interactions. The combination of combinatorial surface chemistry modification and machine learning models will facilitate the rapid development of targeted theranostics.
Using Molecular Design to Increase Hole Transport: Backbone Fluorination in the Benchmark Material Poly(2,5‐bis(3‐alkylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]‐thiophene (pBTTT)
Authors: Boufflet Pierre , Han Yang , Fei Zhuping , Treat Neil D. , Li Ruipeng , Smilgies Detlef‐M. , Stingelin Natalie , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Heeney Martin
Published: October 2015

The synthesis of a novel 3,3′‐difluoro‐4,4′‐dihexadecyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene monomer and its copolymerization with thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene to afford the fluorinated analogue of the well‐known poly(2,5‐bis(3‐alkylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]‐thiophene) (PBTTT) polymer is reported. Fluorination is found to have a significant influence on the physical properties of the polymer, enhancing aggregation in solution and increasing melting point by over 100 °C compared to nonfluorinated polymer. On the basis of DFT calculations these observations are attributed to inter and intramolecular S…F interactions. As a consequence, the fluorinated polymer PFBTTT exhibits a fourfold increase in charge carrier mobility compared to the nonfluorinated polymer and excellent ambient stability for a nonencapsulated transistor device.
A Shape Memory Acrylamide/DNA Hydrogel Exhibiting Switchable Dual pH‐Responsiveness
Authors: Hu Yuwei , Lu Chun‐Hua , Guo Weiwei , Aleman‐Garcia Miguel Angel , Ren Jiangtao , Willner Itamar
Published: October 2015

Shape memory acrylamide/DNA hydrogels include two different crosslinkers as stabilizing elements. The triggered dissociation of one of the crosslinking elements transforms the shaped hydrogel into an arbitrarily shaped (or shapeless) quasi‐liquid state. The remaining crosslinking element, present in the quasi‐liquid, provides an internal memory that restores the original shaped hydrogel upon the stimulus‐triggered regeneration of the second crosslinking element. Two pH‐sensitive shape memory hydrogels, forming Hoogsten‐type triplex DNA structures, are described. In one system, the shaped hydrogel is stabilized at pH = 7.0 by two different duplex crosslinkers, and the transition of the hydrogel into the shapeless quasi‐liquid proceeds at pH = 5.0 by separating one of the crosslinking units into a protonated cytosine–guanine–cytosine (C–G·C+ ) triplex. The second shaped hydrogel is stabilized at pH = 7.0, by cooperative duplex and thymine–adenine–thymine triplex (T–A·T) bridges. At pH = 10.0, the triplex units separate, leading to the dissociation of the hydrogel into the quasi‐liquid state. The cyclic, pH‐stimulated transitions of the two systems between shaped hydrogels and shapeless states are demonstrated. Integrating the two hydrogels into a shaped “two‐arrowhead” hybrid structure allows the pH‐stimulated cyclic transitions of addressable domains of the hybrid between shaped and quasi‐liquid states.
Self‐Powered, Room‐Temperature Electronic Nose Based on Triboelectrification and Heterogeneous Catalytic Reaction
Authors: Kim Ji‐Hyun , Chun Jinsung , Kim Jin Woong , Choi Won Jun , Baik Jeong Min
Published: October 2015

Herein, a self‐powered electronic nose strategy with highly selective gas detection is described. The electronic nose is a two‐dimensional microarray based on the triboelectrification between ZnO nanowires and the dielectric layers, and the heterogeneous catalytic reaction occurring on the nanowires and on the NiO nanoparticles. These electronic noses show the ability to distinguish between four volatile organic compound (VOC) gases (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and toluene) with a detection limit of 0.1% at room temperature using no external power source.
Hemoglobin‐Based Nanoarchitectonic Assemblies as Oxygen Carriers
Authors: Jia Yi , Duan Li , Li Junbai
Published: October 2015

Safe and effective artificial oxygen carriers are the subject of great interest due to the problems of traditional blood transfusion and enormous demand in clinical use. In view of its unique oxygen‐transport ability and normal metabolic pathways, hemoglobin is regarded as an ideal oxygen‐carrying unit. With advances in nano‐biotechnology, hemoglobin assemblies as artificial oxygen carriers achieve great development. Here, recent progress on hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers is highlighted in view of two aspects: acellular hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers and cellular hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers. These novel oxygen carriers exhibit advantages over traditional carriers and will greatly promote research on reliable and feasible oxygen carriers.
Transition from Diffusion‐Controlled Intercalation into Extrinsically Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage of MoS2 by Nanoscale Heterostructuring
Authors: Mahmood Qasim , Park Sul Ki , Kwon Kideok D. , Chang Sung‐Jin , Hong Jin‐Yong , Shen Guozhen , Jung Young Mee , Park Tae Jung , Khang Sung Woon , Kim Woo Sik , Kong Jing , Park Ho Seok
Published: October 2015

2D nanomaterials have been found to show surface‐dominant phenomena and understanding this behavior is crucial for establishing a relationship between a material's structure and its properties. Here, the transition of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) from a diffusion‐controlled intercalation to an emergent surface redox capacitive behavior is demonstrated. The ultrafast pseudocapacitive behavior of MoS2 becomes more prominent when the layered MoS2 is downscaled into nanometric sheets and hybridized with reduced graphene oxide (RGO). This extrinsic behavior of the 2D hybrid is promoted by the fast Faradaic charge‐transfer kinetics at the interface. The heterostructure of the 2D hybrid, as observed via high‐angle annular dark field–scanning transmission electron microscopy and Raman mapping, with a 1T MoS2 phase at the interface and a 2H phase in the bulk is associated with the synergizing capacitive performance. This 1T phase is stabilized by the interactions with the RGO. These results provide fundamental insights into the surface effects of 2D hetero‐nanosheets on emergent electrochemical properties.
Temporal intrailiac balloon occlusion for the treatment of intractable pelvic fracture hemorrhage
Authors: Ishida Kenichiro , Noborio Mitsuhiro , Shimahara Yumiko , Nishimura Tetsuro , Sogabe Taku , Ieki Yohei , Ehara Naoki , Sadamitsu Daikai
Published: October 2015

Case

A 48‐year‐old schizophrenic man sustained multiple injuries following a fall. Unstable pelvic fractures were diagnosed in the emergency department. The patient's hemodynamic status was stabilized following bilateral internal iliac artery embolization using a gelatin sponge. However, recurrent bleeding and an expanding retroperitoneal hemorrhage occurred 1 h after transcatheter arterial embolization.

Outcome

Using temporal intrailiac balloon occlusion, with preperitoneal gauze packing, the patient's hemodynamic status was stabilized in the intensive care unit. No complications were observed following transcatheter arterial embolization and balloon occlusion.

Conclusions

Temporary intrailiac balloon occlusion is a rapid and safe treatment for refractory pelvic hemorrhage, which can be administered simultaneously with other treatments including preperitoneal gauze packing and external fixation.
Enantioselective Addition of a 2‐Alkoxycarbonyl‐1,3‐dithiane to Imines Catalyzed by a Bis(guanidino)iminophosphorane Organosuperbase
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Oishi Masafumi , Takeda Tadahiro , Terada Masahiro
Published: October 2015

A chiral bis(guanidino)iminophosphorane catalyzes enantioselective addition reactions of a 1,3‐dithiane derivative as a pronucleophile. The chiral uncharged organosuperbase facilitates the addition of benzyloxycarbonyl‐1,3‐dithiane to aromatic N‐Boc‐protected imines to provide optically active α‐amino‐1,3‐dithiane derivatives, which are valuable versatile building blocks in organic synthesis.
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (−)‐Rhazinilam, (−)‐Leucomidine B, and (+)‐Leuconodine F
Authors: Dagoneau Dylan , Xu Zhengren , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: October 2015

A divergent total synthesis of three structurally distinct natural products from imine 9 was accomplished through an approach featuring: 1) a Pd‐catalyzed decarboxylative cross‐coupling, and 2) heteroannulation of 9 with bromoacetaldehyde and oxalyl chloride to give tetrahydroindolizine 6 and dioxopyrrole 7, respectively. The former was converted into (−)‐rhazinilam, while the latter was converted into (−)‐leucomidine B and (+)‐leuconodine F. A substrate‐directed highly diastereoselective reduction of a sterically unbiased double bond by using a homogeneous palladium catalyst was developed. A self‐induced diastereomeric anisochronism (SIDA) phenomenon was observed for leucomidine B.
Ultrasonic atomization and polyelectrolyte complexation to produce gastroresistant shell–core microparticles
Authors: Dalmoro Annalisa , Sitenkov Alexander Y. , Lamberti Gaetano , Barba Anna Angela , Moustafine Rouslan I.
Published: October 2015

In this study ultrasound‐assisted atomization technique was combined with two‐stages polyelectrolyte complexation to produce enteric shell–core microparticles encapsulating a non‐steroidal, anti‐inflammatory gastrolesive active ingredient indomethacin. In particular, a solution of the anionic biopolymer alginate, containing indomethacin, was sprayed in fine droplets which were complexed with a cationic (meth)acrylate copolymer, Eudragit®E 100, which, in turn, was complexed by the anionic copolymer Eudragit®L30D‐55. The first complexation stage was applied to achieve a high drug encapsulation efficiency; the second one to assure good gastroresistance feature. The novel protocol has been found more effective in terms of loading, encapsulation efficiency, and enteric properties duringin vitrorelease tests, than conventional procedures which involved alginate cross‐linking by charged ions. Furthermore ultrasonic atomization–polyelectrolytes complexation preparation approach was performed using mild conditions, aqueous solutions, in the absence of organic solvents and chemical cross‐linkers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 42976.
A Metal‐free Approach to 3‐Aryl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles by Treatment of 3‐Acyloxy‐2‐oxindoles with Diaryliodonium Salts
Authors: Li Xiaokang , Ni Wei , Mao Fei , Wang Wei , Li Jian
Published: October 2015

A mild, metal‐free approach has been realized for the facile construction of highly valuable 3‐(hetero)aryl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles. Direct arylations of 3‐acyloxy‐2‐oxindoles with diaryliodonium salts as arylation reagents are implemented in the presence of K2CO3 at room temperature without using an organometallic promoter to deliver an array of 3‐(hetero)aryl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles in good yields.
Autism and social robotics: A systematic review
Authors: Pennisi Paola , Tonacci Alessandro , Tartarisco Gennaro , Billeci Lucia , Ruta Liliana , Gangemi Sebastiano , Pioggia Giovanni
Published: October 2015

Social robotics could be a promising method for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) treatment. The aim of this article is to carry out a systematic literature review of the studies on this topic that were published in the last 10 years. We tried to address the following questions: can social robots be a useful tool in autism therapy? We followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered within PROSPERO database (CRD42015016158). We found many positive implications in the use of social robots in therapy as for example: ASD subjects often performed better with a robot partner rather than a human partner; sometimes, ASD patients had, toward robots, behaviors that TD patients had toward human agents; ASDs had a lot of social behaviors toward robots; during robotic sessions, ASDs showed reduced repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and, social robots manage to improve spontaneous language during therapy sessions. Therefore, robots provide therapists and researchers a means to connect with autistic subjects in an easier way, but studies in this area are still insufficient. It is necessary to clarify whether sex, intelligence quotient, and age of participants affect the outcome of therapy and whether any beneficial effects only occur during the robotic session or if they are still observable outside the clinical/experimental context. Autism Res 2016, 9: 165–183. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anger, problematic alcohol use, and intimate partner violence victimisation and perpetration
Authors: Sprunger Joel G. , Eckhardt Christopher I. , Parrott Dominic J.
Published: October 2015

Background

Anger and problematic alcohol use have been established as individual risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) victimisation and perpetration, but it is unknown how these factors convey risk for IPV perpetration for men and women within the context of mutually violent relationships.

Hypotheses

Anger and problematic alcohol use were hypothesised to mediate the association between IPV victimisation and perpetration for men and women, with direct and indirect influences from partner variables.

Methods

Heterosexual couples (N = 215) at high‐risk for IPV completed questionnaires indexing trait anger, problematic alcohol use and extent of past‐year IPV perpetration and victimisation. An actor‐partner interdependence modelling (APIM) framework was used to evaluate these cross‐sectional data for two hypothesised models and one parsimonious alternative.

Results

The best‐fitting model indicated that IPV victimisation showed the strongest direct effect on physical IPV perpetration for both men and women. For women, but not men, the indirect effect of IPV victimisation on physical IPV perpetration through anger approached significance. For men, but not women, the victimisation–perpetration indirect effect through problematic drinking approached significance.

Implications for clinical practice

The results suggest that anger and problem drinking patterns play different yet important roles for men and women in mutually violent relationships. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dyadic violence and readiness to change among male intimate partner violence offenders
Authors: Crane Cory A. , Schlauch Robert C. , Eckhardt Christopher I.
Published: October 2015

Background

Although readiness to change is associated with mandated partner violence treatment compliance and subsequent violent behaviour among male offenders (e.g. Scott and Wolfe, ; Eckhardt et al., ), our understanding of the factors associated with pretreatment change remains limited. Offender research indicates that individual and dyadic violent behaviour are highly variable and that such variability may provide insight into levels of pretreatment change (Holtzworth‐Munroe and Stuart, ; Archer, ).

Aims/Hypotheses

We sought to examine the associations between indicators of change and individual as well as dyadic violence frequency in a sample of male partner violence offenders.

Method

To determine whether severity and perceived concordance in the use of violence among male offenders and their female partners influenced readiness to change at pretreatment, 82 recently adjudicated male perpetrators of intimate partner violence were recruited into the current study and administered measures of readiness to change violent behaviour (Revised Safe at Home Scale; Begun et al., ) as well as partner violence experiences (Revised Conflict Tactics Scale; Straus et al., ).

Results

Analyses revealed an interaction between offender‐reported male and female violence in the prediction of pretreatment readiness to change such that greater male violence was associated with greater readiness to change among males who reported that their female partners perpetrated low, but not high, levels of violence. Consistently, greater female violence was associated with lower readiness to change only among the most violent male offenders.

Conclusions and implications for clinical practice

Results provide support for the assertion that the most violent offenders may be the most resistant to partner violence intervention efforts, particularly when they perceive themselves to be victims as well. Enhanced motivational and couples programming may facilitate treatment engagement among the high‐risk group of male offenders who report concordant relationship violence. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field‐Induced Slow Magnetic Relaxation in a Mononuclear Manganese(III)–Porphyrin Complex
Authors: Pascual‐Álvarez Alejandro , Vallejo Julia , Pardo Emilio , Julve Miguel , Lloret Francesc , Krzystek J. , Armentano Donatella , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Cano Joan
Published: October 2015

We report on a novel manganese(III)–porphyrin complex with the formula [MnIII(TPP)(3,5‐Me2pyNO)2]ClO4⋅CH3CN (2; 3,5‐Me2pyNO=3,5‐dimethylpyridine N‐oxide, H2TPP=5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrin), in which the MnIII ion is six‐coordinate with two monodentate 3,5‐Me2pyNO molecules and a tetradentate TPP ligand to build a tetragonally elongated octahedral geometry. The environment in 2 is responsible for the large and negative axial zero‐field splitting (D=−3.8 cm−1), low rhombicity (E/|D|=0.04) of the high‐spin MnIII ion, and, ultimately, for the observation of slow magnetic‐relaxation effects (Ea=15.5 cm−1 at H=1000 G) in this rare example of a manganese‐based single‐ion magnet (SIM). Structural, magnetic, and electronic characterizations were carried out by means of single‐crystal diffraction studies, variable‐temperature direct‐ and alternating‐current measurements and high‐frequency and ‐field EPR spectroscopic analysis followed by quantum‐chemical calculations. Slow magnetic‐relaxation effects were also observed in the already known analogous compound [MnIII(TPP)Cl] (1; Ea=10.5 cm−1 at H=1000 G). The results obtained for 1 and 2 are compared and discussed herein.
Sandmeyer‐Type Trifluoromethylthiolation and Trifluoromethylselenolation of (Hetero)Aromatic Amines Catalyzed by Copper
Authors: Matheis Christian , Wagner Victoria , Goossen Lukas J.
Published: October 2015

Aromatic and heteroaromatic diazonium salts were efficiently converted into the corresponding trifluoromethylthio‐ or selenoethers by reaction with Me4NSCF3 or Me4NSeCF3, respectively, in the presence of catalytic amounts of copper thiocyanate. These Sandmeyer‐type reactions proceed within one hour at room temperature, are applicable to a wide range of functionalized molecules, and can optionally be combined with the diazotizations into one‐pot protocols.
Emerging targets in sarcoma: Rising to the challenge of RAS signaling in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
Authors: Dodd Rebecca D.
Published: October 2015

This editorial highlights a recent article that explored the role of RAS/mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling in an important group of sarcomas, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas. The editorial discusses the current state of the field, the implications of the new findings, and the developing state of clinical trials related to these targets.
Evaluation of 122 advanced‐stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas by comprehensive genomic profiling opens the door for new routes to targeted therapies
Authors: Al‐Rohil Rami N. , Tarasen Ashley J. , Carlson J. Andrew , Wang Kai , Johnson Adrienne , Yelensky Roman , Lipson Doron , Elvin Julia A. , Vergilio Jo‐Anne , Ali Siraj M. , Suh James , Miller Vincent A. , Stephens Philip J. , Ganesan Prasanth , Janku Filip , Karp Daniel D. , Subbiah Vivek , Mihm Martin C. , Ross Jeffrey S.
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

The authors hypothesized that comprehensive genomic profiling of advanced‐stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) could identify genomic‐derived drug targets of therapy for patients with conventional therapy‐resistant disease.

METHODS

Comprehensive genomic profiling of 315 cancer genes was applied to 50 ng of DNA from 122 cSCC cases for the evaluation of all classes of genomic alterations (GAs). Clinically relevant genomic alterations (CRGAs) were defined as those identifying anticancer drugs on the market or in registered clinical trials.

RESULTS

There were 21 women (17%) and 101 men (83%) with a median age of 64.9 years (range, 21‐87 years). Eleven cSCC cases (9%) were histologic AJCC grade 1, 69 (57%) were grade 2, and 42 (34%) were grade 3. The primary cSCC was used for sequencing in 77 cases (63%). Metastatic lesions were sequenced in 37% of cases. There were 1120 total GAs identified (average of 9.2 GAs per tumor), with 100% of cases harboring at least 1 alteration. Of the 122 cSCCs, 107 (88%) harbored at least 1 CRGA (2.5 CRGAs per cSCC) includingNOTCH1 (43%); patched 1 (PTCH1) (11%); BRCA2 (10%); HRAS (8%); ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) (7%); erb‐B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4) (7%); neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) (7%); erb‐B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) (6%); phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) (6%); cyclin D1 (CCND1) (6%); epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (5%); and F‐box and WD repeat domain containing 7, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (FBXW7) (5%).

CONCLUSIONS

In the current study, approximately 88% of patients with cSCC were found to harbor clinically relevant GAs that have the potential to guide the treatment of patients with advanced‐stage tumors with targeted therapeutic agents. Cancer 2016;122:249–257. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Initiation of universal tumor screening for Lynch syndrome in colorectal cancer patients as a model for the implementation of genetic information into clinical oncology practice
Authors: Cohen Stacey A. , Laurino Mercy , Bowen Deborah J. , Upton Melissa P. , Pritchard Colin , Hisama Fuki , Jarvik Gail , Fichera Alessandro , Sjoding Britta , Bennett Robin L. , Naylor Lorraine , Jacobson Angela , Burke Wylie , Grady William M.
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

Lynch syndrome confers a hereditary predisposition to colorectal and other cancers. Universal tumor screening (UTS) for Lynch syndrome is recommended by several professional societies, but the implementation can be complex. This article describes the evaluation, process development, and initiation of Lynch syndrome UTS at a tertiary referral cancer center.

METHODS

A multidisciplinary team developed the new process design. Issues in 5 themes were noted: timing, funding, second‐opinion patients, result processing, and the role of genetics providers. A committee approach was used to examine each issue for process‐improvement development.

RESULTS

The issues related to testing were addressed individually for the successful implementation of UTS at the institutional level. In the conventional‐care period, 9 of 30 cases (30%) received Lynch syndrome screening, and 4 cases were referred to medical genetics. During the 6 months following the implementation of UTS, 32 of 44 patients (73%) received Lynch syndrome screening. The 13 unscreened patients all had identified reasons for nonscreening (eg, financial limitations). Ten patients were referred to medical genetics, which identified no new cases of Lynch syndrome, but a low‐risk adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) variant was detected in 1 individual.

CONCLUSIONS

The implementation of effective Lynch syndrome UTS can feasibly alter practice at the institutional level. This experience with the assessment and management of issues relevant to the successful implementation of a new clinical care paradigm based on emerging technology has implications for the uptake of advances across molecular oncology into clinical practice, and this is highly relevant in the current era of rapidly evolving genomic technology. Cancer 2016;122:393–401. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Regenerative medicine legislation in Japan for fast provision of cell therapy products
Authors: Fujita Y , Kawamoto A
Published: October 2015

A new legal framework consisting of three laws for cell‐based and tissue‐based therapies went into effect in November 2014 in Japan. Among the provisions of the laws, the Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices, and Other Therapeutic Products Act (PMD Act) allows conditional and time‐limited approval for regenerative medical products based on the ensured safety and estimated efficacy in small‐scale clinical trials. The new legislation is expected to accelerate safe and fast provision of the innovative products to patients with intractable diseases.
Effect of Cross‐Link Density on Carbon Dioxide Separation in Polydimethylsiloxane‐Norbornene Membranes
Authors: Hong Tao , Niu Zhenbin , Hu Xunxiang , Gmernicki Kevin , Cheng Shiwang , Fan Fei , Johnson J. Casey , Hong Eunice , Mahurin Shannon , Jiang De‐en , Long Brian , Mays Jimmy , Sokolov Alexei , Saito Tomonori
Published: October 2015

The development of high‐performance materials for carbon dioxide separation and capture will significantly contribute to a solution for climate change. Herein, (bicycloheptenyl)ethyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMSPNB) membranes with varied cross‐link densities were synthesized via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization. The developed polymer membranes show higher permeability and better selectivity than those of conventional cross‐linked PDMS membrane. The achieved performance (CO2 permeability≈6800 Barrer; CO2/N2 selectivity≈14) is very promising for practical applications. The key to achieving this high performance is the use of an in situ cross‐linking method for difunctional PDMS macromonomers, which provides lightly cross‐linked membranes. By combining positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, and gas solubility measurements, key parameters necessary for achieving excellent performance have been elucidated.