bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Caenorhabditis elegans Ephrin EFN-4 Functions Non-cell Autonomously with Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans to Promote Axon Outgrowth and Branching
Authors: Schwieterman Alicia A , Steves Alyse N , Yee Vivian , Donelson Cory J , Bentley Melissa R , Santorella Elise M , Mehlenbacher Taylor V , Pital Aaron , Howard Austin M , Wilson Melissa R , Ereddia Danielle E , Effrein Kelsie S , McMurry Jonathan L , Ackley Brian D , Chisholm Andrew D , Hudson Martin L
Published: December 2015

The Eph receptors and their cognate ephrin ligands play key roles in many aspects of nervous system development. These interactions typically occur within an individual tissue type, serving either to guide axons to their terminal targets or to define boundaries between the rhombomeres of the hindbrain. We have identified a novel role for the Caenorhabditis elegans ephrin EFN-4 in promoting primary neurite outgrowth in AIY interneurons and D-class motor neurons. Rescue experiments reveal that EFN-4 functions non-cell autonomously in the epidermis to promote primary neurite outgrowth. We also find that EFN-4 plays a role in promoting ectopic axon branching in a C. elegans model of X-linked Kallmann syndrome. In this context, EFN-4 functions non-cell autonomously in the body-wall muscle and in parallel with HS modification genes and HSPG core proteins. This is the first report of an epidermal ephrin providing a developmental cue to the nervous system.
Locations of Physical Activity as Assessed by GPS in Young Adolescents
Authors: Carlson Jordan A. , Schipperijn Jasper , Kerr Jacqueline , Saelens Brian E. , Natarajan Loki , Frank Lawrence D. , Glanz Karen , Conway Terry L. , Chapman Jim E. , Cain Kelli L. , Sallis James F.
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVES:

To compare adolescents’ physical activity at home, near home, at school, near school, and at other locations.

METHODS:

Adolescents (N = 549) were ages 12 to 16 years (49.9% girls, 31.3% nonwhite or Hispanic) from 447 census block groups in 2 US regions. Accelerometers and Global Positioning System devices assessed minutes of and proportion of time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in each of the 5 locations. Mixed-effects regression compared MVPA across locations and demographic factors.

RESULTS:

Forty-two percent of adolescents’ overall MVPA occurred at school, 18.7% at home, 18.3% in other (nonhome, nonschool) locations, and 20.6% near home or school. Youth had 10 more minutes (30% more) of overall MVPA on school days than on nonschool days. However, the percentage of location time spent in MVPA was lowest at school (4.8% on school days) and highest near home and near school (9.5%–10.4%). Girls had 2.6 to 5.5 fewer minutes per day of MVPA than boys in all locations except near school.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although a majority of adolescents’ physical activity occurred at school, the low proportion of active time relative to the large amount of time spent at school suggests potential for increasing school-based activity. Increasing time spent in the neighborhood appears promising for increasing overall physical activity, because a high proportion of neighborhood time was active. Increasing youth physical activity to support metabolic health requires strategies for increasing use of physical activity–supportive locations (eg, neighborhoods) and environmental and program improvements in unsupportive locations (eg, schools, homes).
Ciencia, currículum y profesores: las ciencias naturales en la educación secundaria
Authors: Lozano Cantú Osvaldo , Villanueva Gutiérrez Óscar Eligio
Published: December 2015

En este ensayo se desarrolla una reflexión acerca de la ciencia y su enseñanza. Desde las visiones epistemológicas, las interpretaciones sociológicas y complejas que conceptualizan y advierten el desarrollo y trascendencia de la ciencia hasta el examen de las ciencias naturales en el currículum de la educación secundaria, en el marco de la Reforma Integral de la Educación Básica, realizada por el gobierno mexicano en el año 2011. La reflexión sobre la ciencia contempla las diversas posturas que filósofos, sociólogos, científicos y otros investigadores han planteado para comprender la generación y desarrollo del conocimiento. En otro momento, los planteamientos curriculares de Bernstein y el concepto de “mundo de vida” de Habermas permiten un acercamiento a las ideas y prácticas de los docentes de educación secundaria. Aquí se vislumbra que en el desarrollo de los programas de ciencias y la cotidianidad de la escuela se encuentran obstáculos e incertidumbres que hacen difícil para los docentes transformar las concepciones simplistas de la ciencia o las prácticas rutinarias. Además, es interesante advertir que la comprensión del profesor frente a la ciencia y el currículum admite repensar los procesos de formación docente, de tal forma que los profesores cuenten con elementos que les permitan reconocer el carácter complejo del conocimiento científico y su enseñanza
Prácticas lectoras de estudiantes universitarios con fines de escritura académica
Authors: González de la Torre Yolanda , Jiménez Mora José , Rosas Jorge Ignacio
Published: December 2015

Dado que en el nivel de la Educación Superior se espera un desempeño competente de los estudiantes en tareas de lectura y escritura, la experiencia en diversas habilidades lingüísticas permite reconocer deficiencias importantes en los estudiantes, las cuales han dado lugar a distintas propuestas pedagógicas de la lectura y la escritura universitaria. Con el fin de aportar datos acerca de la problemática que experimentan los estudiantes en la práctica lectora cuando se orienta a la escritura de un texto académico, en este artículo se discuten algunos resultados del desempeño de estudiantes de licenciatura en un área de Ciencias Sociales de una universidad pública de la ciudad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. La metodología empleada es de orden mixto. En un primer momento, mediante un análisis de tarea se examinan textos elaborados por los estudiantes en los cuales reportan un breve estado de la cuestión sobre una temática, y posteriormente se analizan datos de una entrevista relacionados con la experiencia lectora de los estudiantes en este tipo de tarea académica. Los resultados muestran cómo los estudiantes realizan algunos procesos como el reconocimiento de ideas clave, la asociación temática o la síntesis, pero también que experimentan dificultades como la articulación de las ideas o la apropiación de argumentos. Una de las conclusiones principales del trabajo es que estos procesos y dificultades se vinculan fuertemente con el tipo de demandas de lectura que tienen los estudiantes de acuerdo con su contexto escolar.
Siete tesis en el horizonte. Nuevos mitos y viejas utopías para la enseñanza
Authors: Yedaide María Marta , Porta Luis
Published: December 2015

Hacia fines del siglo pasado, la Nueva Agenda de la Didáctica surgió como una fuerte interpelación hacia el abandono de la tradición tecnocrática y una apuesta potente hacia la paulatina resignificación de la educación formal como capaz de promover el pensamiento profundo. Las necesidades sociales eran entonces tan acuciantes como las urgencias disciplinares por superar la mirada ingenua, simplista y delgada de la enseñanza como método, que en última instancia diluía al sujeto en un protocolo de procedimientos tendientes a resultados. Mucho se había avanzado ya en la conceptualización del campo y, a medida que se difundieron trabajos e investigaciones, se fue consolidando en el discurso una metamorfosis plena de lo que se había entendido hasta entonces- muy delgadamente- como didáctica. El cambio, sin embargo, impregnó el nivel discursivo sin llegar a encarnar en las prácticas. Las razones son múltiples y complejas, y solo se abordarán tangencial y conjeturalmente en este ensayo. En cambio, la presente publicación se propone delinear siete certezas adquiridas, vivas en el discurso, y problematizar respecto de algunas situaciones y condiciones que podrían gestar nuevos escenarios educativos consonantes con tales pronunciamientos.
Certain congruences on eventually regular semigroups I
Authors: Gigoń Roman S.
Published: December 2015

A semigroup is called eventually regular if each of its elements has a regular power. In this paper we study certain fundamental congruences on an eventually regular semigroup. We generalize some results of Howie and Lallement (1966) and LaTorre (1983). In particular, we give a full description of the semilattice of group congruences (together with the least such a congruence) on an arbitrary eventually regular (orthodox) semigroup. Moreover, we investigate UBG-congruences on an eventually regular semigroup. Finally, we study the eventually regular subdirect products of an E-unitary semigroup and a Clifford semigroup.
On p-supersolvability of finite groups
Authors: Asaad Mohamed
Published: December 2015

Let G be a finite group. A subgroup H of G is said to be s-permutable in G if H permutes with all Sylow subgroups of G. Let H be a subgroup of G and let HsG be the subgroup of H generated by all those subgroups of H which are s-permutable in G. A subgroup H of G is called n-embedded in G if G has a normal subgroup T such that HG = HT and H ∩ T ≦ HsG, where HG is the normal closure of H in G. We investigate the influence of n-embedded subgroups of the p-nilpotency and p-supersolvability of G.
The support localization property of the strongly embedded subspaces of Banach function spaces
Authors: Rueda Pilar , Sánchez Pérez Enrique A.
Published: December 2015

Motivated by the well known Kadec-Pełczynski disjointification theorem, we undertake an analysis of the supports of non-zero functions in strongly embedded subspaces of Banach functions spaces. The main aim is to isolate those properties that bring additional information on strongly embedded subspaces. This is the case of the support localization property, which is a necessary condition fulfilled by all strongly embedded subspaces. Several examples that involve Rademacher functions, the Volterra operator, Lorentz spaces or Orlicz spaces are provided.
Moisture management performance of wood-frame in-fill wall in Shanghai, China
Authors: Tiwana K. , Mukhopadhyaya P. , Zalok E. , Van Reenen D. , Copeland C. , Newman P.
Published: December 2015

This paper discusses the results of a research project which aimed at determining the hygrothermal (i.e. thermal and moisture) performance of the Canadian wood-frame building envelope construction in the city of Shanghai in China. The performance assessments of the wood-frame walls were conducted using the two-dimensional hygrothermal simulation tool called hygIRC-2D. In this study an in-fill type wall was considered and hygrothermal simulations were carried out for the weather conditions of Shanghai. Investigations were conducted to determine the influence of the vapour barrier, exterior stucco cladding material and different types of sheathing boards on the moisture performance of in-fill walls. Additional simulations were carried out to determine the influence of air leakage on the moisture performance of in-fill walls. The outputs from the simulations were analysed with the help of a hygrothermal response indicator called RHT index. It was concluded that the design of the in-fill wall including a rain screen but omitting a vapour barrier is expected to lead to the maximum reduction in hygrothermal loading when exposed to the weather conditions of Shanghai, China.
Simulations of the changes o f the heating energy demand and transmission losses of buildings in central European climate: Combination of experiments and simulations
Authors: Szodrai F. , Lakatos á.
Published: December 2015

Recently, it has become extremely important to reduce the heating energy demand and the CO2 emission of buildings. This reduction can easily be achieved by insulating the shell of buildings. By thermal insulation not only the heating energy demand can be reduced but also higher thermal efficiency can be reached. Therefore, measurements, calculations and simulations are carried out on the energy efficiency of buildings. Furthermore, the combination of methods is of great importance. Combination of experiments with building simulations solution can make design practices and sizing processes easier in the investigation of building performance. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how the energy balance of a building can be changed in function of the wet building envelope in the Central European Region. A real and available building (old family house) was tested and it was placed (hypothetically) in three different countries (Austria, Hungary and Slovakia). In this study two types of load-bearing structures (brick and concrete) covered with four different types of insulations (mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, graphite-doped expanded polystyrene, and extruded polystyrene) were tested. The change in the heating energy of the building in three different countries by the function of measured water contents of the thermal insulators was simulated by CASAnova simulation software.
An enquiry into conscious consumer behaviour at a company in Hungarian ownership
Authors: Mezősi K. , Matkó A. , Sztányi R.
Published: December 2015

In the most general sense, conscious consumers gather information before shopping in order to make deliberate and sensible decisions before making a purchase. The goal of this enquiry is to determine whether it is true that Hungarian consumers are essentially conscious. An empirical approach is used to examine the randomly selected population.
Agama, Kekerasan dan Perlawanan Ideologis
Authors: Sumbulah Umi
Published: December 2015

Violence in the name of religion often occurs because of the ideological
interpretation of religion. Well-formulated ideology is obeyed by its followers to achieve
certain goals. Ideology may also be appropriated by its proponents to rebel against the
status quo that they think is not in line with their belief system. A closed-ideology that
perpetuates intolerance is a latent source of conflict and violence. In addition, many
religion-oriented violence is associated not only with religion per se as a source of inspiration
and legitimacy, but also with such factors as social, economic, political as well as
psychological conditions of human being. One-sided explanation of violence in the name
of religion is therefore insufficient as religion is not monolithic phenomenon.
Konsep dan Teori Kurikulum dalam Dunia Pendidikan
Authors: Ahid Nur
Published: December 2015

The concept of curriculum develops along side with the development of
education. It is also varied according to schools of thought and the theories it upholds.
The value of curriculum cannot be looked at only from the written document. It must
also be judged from its implementation in the classes. Curriculum is not merely a written
teaching plan. It is also a function that operates in the classes, a guideline and regulations
for both the milieu and activities in these classes. For this reason, curriculum can be
understood as a set of regulations that a student must undergo in order to achieve
certain degree or certificate. In the meantime, theory is a set of statements that are
orderly structured in a way that give functional meaning to a series of events. The theory
of curriculum includes: the concept of curriculum, its assignment, development, design,
implementation and evaluation. There are three concepts however in relation to curriculum,
namely (1) curriculum as a substance, (2) curriculum as a system, and (3) curriculum as
a field of study. Concerning the later, curriculum has become the subject of study by the
experts in the field of education and teaching. The aim of curriculum as a field of study
is to develop a science of curriculum and its system.
Metode Ketenangan Jiwa: Suatu Perbandingan antara al-Ghazâlî dan Sigmund Freud
Authors: Syakur Abd
Published: December 2015

Al-Ghazâlî and Freud are both concerned with the idea soul –and within itthe

notion of spiritual tranquility. They both argue that soul has qualities such as health,

sickness, tranquility, worriness, and so on, which need to be managed and organized.

However, the paradigm within which they speak of this notion is sharply different. For al-Ghazâlî, the nature of soul is purity. Hence it tends to resort to virtue and avoid vice. Al-Ghazâlî reckons that they are degrees of soul. But that which is tranquil is the highest

degree of soul. This soul is what he –borrowing the Qur’an- calls al-Nafs al-Mutma’innah

(the tranquil soul). For Freud on the other hand, soul is an abstraction of man’s

psychological and physical system. It is impulsive, and tends to seek material and physical

satisfaction through sexual pleasure among others. Man in his view is a sexual being. He

speaks of the structure of soul as having three categories, namely Id, Ego and Super-ego.

It is Id -meaning lust- that dominates one’s soul. Man will acquire tranquility once he –by

means of his Ego and Super-ego- satisfied his Id. Conversely, a failure to satisfy Id will

result in a psychological disorder. Hence the sharp contrast between al-Ghazâlî and
Freud. And it is about this contrast that this paper is concerned.
Interrelasi Fundamentalisme dan Orientasi Ideologi Gerakan Islam Kontemporer
Authors: Fuad Ahmad Nur
Published: December 2015

This article deals with the interrelation between Islamic fundamentalism and other ideological orientations of contemporary Islamist movements, such as Islamism, revivalism, radicalism, salafism, and political Islam. It tries to explore the similarities in their characteristics as well as their differences in the focuses and strategies of the movements. This articles argues that these Islamist movements express their ideological aspirations in different ways: some try to build an Islamic state or even a universal Islamic caliphate (political Islam), while others emphasize much more on the implementation of shari’ah in the level of individuals and society, apart from state (salafis). However, they did not succeed yet in transforming the political landscape of the Muslim world in accordance with their ideological framework.
Tradisi Lokal sebagai ‘Urf Progresif
Authors: Harisudin MN
Published: December 2015

For some, Western culture is not only a form of civilization  par  excellencebut also a culture that is immune from any critique. Still for some, Western culture is a high culture while other cultures are low cultures. Furthermore, post-colonial studies maintain that Western culture occupies the centre of human civilization while other cultures are at the periphery. The thrust of this latter view is that the Western culture may dominate and rule other cultures. Hence, the real nature of the Western culture is that of hegemony. Now, Western culture has been manifested in many habits and traditions such as pornography, homosexuality, and other form of cultural identity which are malevolent in their nature. In this regard, this paper is interested to show that ‘Urf (local custom) as a framework of analysis commonly used by the scholars of Islam can be appropriated to challenge the hegemonic view of the Western culture and to prove that in fact Western culture can occupy not the centre of human civilization but the periphery.
Al-Ashmawî dan Nalar Kritis Shari‘at: Menemukan Kembali Dimensi yang Hilang dari Wacana Shari‘at Islam
Authors: Hanafi Yusuf
Published: December 2015

Shari’ah is the heart of Islam because it handles the most fundamental aspects of the religion. Ironically however, Shari’ah is the most misunderstood dimension of Islam. What we currently believe as Shari’ah may not be Shari’ah. And the reverse may be true that what we consider as non-Shari’ah, may in fact be Shari’ah. It is here that reconstructing our understanding concerning the true meaning of Shari’ah becomes a matter of necessity. Having this in mind, we are interested in elaborating the critical views of al-Ashmawi on the notion of Shari’ah hoping that this will help us to discover the missing –and yet the true- dimension of Shari’ah. Al-Ashmawi on the whole, is critical against the jargon that only associates the Shari’ah with its formalization and application.
Aktifitas Produksi dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Mujahidin Akhmad
Published: December 2015

Economic activities contain three parts, namely production, distribution, and consumption. This paper deals with the first one in the perspective of Islam. We maintain that at no point in human history was there any economic system that could successfully achieve an absolute happiness and wellbeing for human kind. Islamic system of economics included. Nonetheless, we argue that Islam consists of values and norms that may lead toward that end if they are properly and appropriately understood and applied. We do not find in Islam what we found in the conventional economic system where there are rooms for committing corruption and manipulation. For Islam, economic activities as far as production is concerned must be directed toward achieving the goodness and prosperity of all human kind, and not toward enriching certain individuals and groups among individuals.
Dari Nalar Literalis-Normatif Menuju Nalar Kontekstualis-Historis dalam Studi Islam
Authors: Thahir A. Halil
Published: December 2015

It seems legitimate to say that the classical-conventional methodology gives birth to a rigid and theo-centric view of Islam. This form of methodology is dogmatic and is replete with a systematic indoctrination, such that would lead one to accept a particular view of religion often blindly while believing that other views are wrong. This paper offers a challenge to that old-fashion methodology by deconstructing it, and then constructing a new form of methodology. We treat the classical methodology as being literal-normative, and the new one that we propose as being contextual-historical. We argue that the former has gone out of context, because it was invented for its own time. The latter in the meantime is critical and considerate to new demands and contexts. We speak of this new methodology as characteristically multi-disciplin-ary in the sense that within its premises, various forms of knowledge are deemed to have been interconnected and together constitute an integral web of epistemic construction.
Charles J. Adams Antara Reduksionisme dan Anti-Reduksionisme dalam Kajian Agama
Authors: Riyadi Abdul Kadir
Published: December 2015

This paper is about a critical survey of Charles J. Adams’ insights concerning the definition and nature of religion. We are particularly interested in digging up the logic and methodological inconsistency of Charles Adams as far as his offer on religious studies is concerned. Initially we were impressed by the power of his allusions. But the deeper we go the more we found out that his thought is replete with methodological incongruence. First, he is not certain about the definition of religion; an uncertainty that leads to a lot of fundamental errors in the description of religion as a whole. Second, he is not sure what line of argument he follows, the fact that leads to confusion whether he is reductionist or anti-reductionist. It is about this confusion that this paper is concerned with. Although a major part of this paper deals with religions in general, its theme and problems are of particular importance to the study of Islam.
Tauhid dalam Perspektif Tasawuf
Authors: Siradj Said Aqiel
Published: December 2015

This paper is aimed at articulating the Sufi concept of tawhid, God unity. Tawhid has always been an intriguing issue to tackle within the premises of tasawuf considering that it is this notion that has triggered controversies over centuries. The Sufis have often been accused of betraying Islam by presenting a distorted version of tawhid. This paper will neutralize this accusation and contend that the Sufistic concept of tawhid is categorically Islamic, Qur’anic and prophetic. Against all odds, tasawuf has survived from all sorts of onslaught. This means that tasawuf is just in line with the prophetic Islam, or else with the pure of Islam brought about the prophet Muhammad. The paper will consult the views of many leading Sufis to support its basic contention. The strength of this paper does not indeed lie in its basic premises, but in its data, line of argument and in its analysis. The paper will leave aside for the time being the views of the Sufis that belong to the periphery.
Jihâd dalam Pandangan Muhammad ‘Abd al-Salâm Faraj
Authors: Naharong Abdul Muis
Published: December 2015

Jihâd is one of the Islamic teachings which has been extensively discussed since the last few decades due to the increasing acts of violence perpetrated by some Muslims. This article tries to join this discussion by presenting Muh ammad ‘Abd al-Salâm Faraj’s concept of jihâd and his ideas of Islamic state and Caliphate by referring to his al-Farîd ah al-Ghâ’ibah (the Neglected Duty). We argue that Faraj’s basic perception of the Egyptian politics and society at the time shaped his whole concept of state and Caliphate. We hence contend that his proposal of jihâd is born out of his disappointment of the Egyptian government and even society as far as applying Islamic law is concerned. He uncompromisingly believed that the government and society are hypocrite and apostate for distancing themselves from the divine law of God. This belief prompted four members of Jihâd Organization to which Faraj belongs, to assassinate President Sadat in October 1981. By jihad, Faraj means fighting and confrontation against enemies even through bloodshed. And by enemies he means anyone who is not willing to apply God’s law on

earth. The most controversial idea that Faraj has tried to pose is that jihâd is considered to the sixth pillar of Islam, which has to be carried out by each and every member of Muslim ummah.
Kontroversi Produk Bank Sharî‘ah
Authors: Rokhim Abdul
Published: December 2015

This paper discusses the views of Muslims on the nature and legitimacy of bank interest as far as Syari’ah law is concerned. Three views are presented here. First is the view of the neo-revivalists who argue that bank interest is legally illegitimate and that it is a form of riba. Second is the view of—among others—Fazlur Rahman who believes that bank interest is not riba. And third is the view that bank interest is in the state of legal doubtfulness (shubhat). We do not support particular view in this paper. But in principle it seems particularly legitimate to argue that Islam is a religion of social wellbeing in which any transaction should be free from such illegitimate practices as riba, gharar (cheating), and financial speculation. However, we also argue that bank interest is too complicated to be equated with riba. There are no accepted standards and qualifications by which the two can be said as the same. To this complex issue we dedicate our paper as a contribution to the issue at hand.
PERDA Sharî‘ah antara Legalitas dan Prospek
Authors: Mudzakir Mudzakir
Published: December 2015

Many have been done to study the problem of Sharî‘ah and other related issues. But little has been done to investigate the notion of the application of Sharî‘ah in Indonesia in the form of regional law, otherwise known as Perda Sharî‘ah. Apart from its importance and sensitivity, the Perda Sharî‘ah is quite ignored by the academic circle in this country. It is toward filling this gap that this paper is written. It is interested first in discussing the nature of Syariah, its values, history, and sources. Then it moves to the currents of thought and modes of interpretation as far as Sharî‘ah is concerned. It finally discusses the ways Sharî‘ah is applied in daily live and how a country like Indonesia –or rather certain districts in it- are involved in formalizing Sharî‘ah as their regional law. The main argument of this paper is that, Islam is not solely about law. Islam is a religion of ethics, morality, belief, and spirituality. Islam is also a way of life, the consequence of which being that it should be comprehended universally as comprehensive system of living. Hence, we argue, that the application of Islam in the form of regional law would mean a simplification of the more universal form of Islam, and a reduction of the more holistic message of the religion.
Ekonomi Sharî‘ah dan Ketidakadilan Kapitalisme Global
Authors: Harisudin MN
Published: December 2015

This paper understands that the Sharî‘ah Economics is a serious contender for the modern global capitalistic economic system. Capitalism has been responsible for the collapse of not only the global economic system but also the moral deterioration of human being. Injustice is the main mark of capitalism. Hence, in a capitalistic society, no law of the game is upheld economically speaking. The strong and the rich rule. The weak is always a victim. This is the main concern of this paper, vis-à-vis which it introduces the Sharî‘ah perspective as providing a good alternative. The paper first speaks of the sources of this “Islamic” system -namely the Qur’an, the Sunna, Ijma and Qiyas- and then delves into its heart, namely justice. The study holds that the main imprint ot Syari’ ah economic system is justice. Being divinely revealed, this system is always in line with the very nature of man as a social being whose responsibility it is to do something beneficial for his fellow human being. Man is not created solely to accumulate wealth, but to serve God, his religion, his community by using wealth among others. Hence, wealth is not the goal, but the means. The goal that every man wants to acquire is happiness. Sharî‘ah Economics–the paper argues- is ordained to provide a practical guideline toward happiness.
Civil Religion dalam Rajutan Keagamaan NU
Authors: Wahyudi Chafid
Published: December 2015

The basic question that this paper tries to answer is, is it possible for the values of different –often contending- religions in a single country to be the basis for the nationhood? Or, can the values of a single religion in a country where different religions exist be the basis of the state? The answer that this paper propagates is certainly no. But another question arises. What then the values –assuming that values are a must in a society or country as a term of moral reference- that must be adopted by all? It is toward answering this question that this paper is aimed at. It argues that religious values are universal and meaningful for human kind. They can serve as the basis for human benefit and well-being. But these values –often originated from different religions- must not only be accommodated but also be reconciled. And the reconciling concept cannot be a religion, for that would mean that we support one religion at the expense of others. Hence this paper proposes that what has commonly been known a civil religion be the common ground -the sacred canopy as it were- in which various religious values can be integrated. It is in other words, the integrating mechanism for different religious values, which in turn can bring the social and political harmony for all citizens. The paper will discuss particularly this notion by referring to the concept of the Nahdhatul Ulama (NU) on nationhood and national identity.
Refomulasi Epistemologi Hijrah dalam Dakwah
Authors: Aswadi Aswadi
Published: December 2015

The paper discusess the idea of Hijrah and its historic role in the process of Islamic propagation (da’wah). Hijrah is a physical migration from Mekkah to Medinah; a migration that has implied both religious and spiritual transofrmation. In its literal meaning, Hijrah is simply to move from one place to another. In the history of da’wah, Hijrah is a moment in which Islam underwent a process of change and transition from one situation into another. Hijrah was the first stepping stone toward the more vibrant and active propagation of Islam. The paper deals with this notion of Hijrah as the strategic move toward the successful mission of disseminating Islam. These issues together with the many implications that Hijrah has will be the focus of this paper. The paper argues that Hijrah is not simply to make a physical movement from one place to another. It is also about the spiritual and religious transformation of the Muslim ummah. Through Hijrah a new social, political and cultural order is resurrected. To make our discussion more lively, the paper will refer to many Qur’anic verses and prophetic traditions that speak of Hijrah and interpret them in the light of the historic Hijrah. Hence, we look at Hijrah as not only an event in history, but also a norm of religion that has a spiritual value of its own.
Reflective Learning sebagai Pendekatan Alternatif dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran dan Profesionalisme Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Khodijah Nyayu
Published: December 2015

A professional teacher not only serves as a teacher, but also as a coach, counselor, facilitators, and managers. In order to perform all these functions, teachers are required to have certain qualifications and competence. One of the competences is competent to apply the various approaches, strategies, methods, and techniques that teach creative learning in subjects taught. This paper attempts to offer an alternative approach that is independently developed by the author and has been tested in its application of PAI learning, which is reflective learning. Reflective learning can help learners improve their understanding and awareness of Islamic values learned through learning activities which involve the process of reflection. Application of reflective learning approach has been proven to improve the success of PAI learning in schools characterized by increased religiosity of students, both in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and attractiveness.
Perjanjian Syariah pada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah
Authors: Saidurrahman Saidurrahman
Published: December 2015

Although Syari’ah is considered by many as the ideal form of social—as well as financial- order, it is nonetheless not immune from practical and perhaps technical problems, so to speak. With regards to the Syari’ah finance, cases on the ground show that transaction involving dispute by different parties does often occur. This dispute has nothing to do with the Syari’ah itself indeed, but with the way it is applied. Syari’ah however anticipates this dispute to happen, concerning which this paper is interested. It is concerned with discussing this anticipation and in what way does Syari’ah offer the way-out to resolve such a dispute in matters relating to financial contract. The paper argues that the ability of such system as Syari’ah to resolve problems and offer solution for disputes can be an indicator whether the system can be judged as an ideal or not. One of the techniques that the Syari’ah has offered in dealing with dispute is what it calls Musyawarah (negotiation); a technique that in fact has been regulated in the Indonesian law. This technique will also be investigated in this paper.
Format Baru Transformasi Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Samsuddin Samsuddin
Published: December 2015

The role and contribution of Islam as a religion in the process of education in this country is both clear and remarkable. The contribution is so significant that many have believed that the Islamic system of education in the country has become what can be called a sub-culture within the national system of education. This paper tries to expose this in the context of the goal, the development and the core of education in Islam. The paper argues that the Islamic system of education is based on the vision of the Qur`an concerning man, his knowledge and attitude. For Islam, education is about sharpening man’s mind and softening his heart. It is this premise that underlines the whole argument of the paper. The paper further shows that this vision is in a total line with the objectives and goals of our national education. The paper then speaks of what it calls the “new nationalistic form of Islamic education” in which the religious and national values are integrated. This new model of education is not only idealistic but also transformative and innovative in the context of Indonesia and is relevant vis-à-vis the demands of modernity.
Wakaf dan Kemandirian Pesantren dari Tebuireng Hingga Gontor
Authors: Huda Miftahul
Published: December 2015

This paper focuses on the notion of endowment and its role in the building and development of pesantren in Indonesia. It is interested particularly in investigating the economically independent nature of pesantren through the scheme of endowment. It also traces the history of pesantren to show that it has been independent all along. Its independence, the paper argues expands not only in economic terms but also in academic, theological as well as intellectual realm. Even against the onslaught of modernity, pesantren has been independent in the sense that it has not fallen prey to the negative impacts of modernity, if any. This paper discusses this as well as the strategy of pesantren in dealing with modernity particularly by referring to the experience of two great pesantrens, namely Tebuireng and Gontor. The paper keeps in mind that it is the values of the two pesantrens that kept them intact from the influence of modernity. It investigates therefore the nature and kind of these values as well the extent to which the two pesantrens are attached to them. One of the values that the paper is interested in is the notion of charity (sadaqah), the some-what equivalent word for endowment (waqf).
Perbedaan Sikap Keberagamaan Antara Masyarakat Islam dan Kristiani di Sumatera Utara dan Frankfurt Am Main Jerman
Authors: Irwansyah Irwansyah
Published: December 2015

This article seeks to reveal differences of religious attitudes between Muslim and Christian communities in North Sumatera and Frankfurt Am Main Germany. This article shows that the relation between Muslims and Christians can be understood to have taken place in two categories, positive and negative. Positive relation can be attested through integrating factors between the two religious communities, while negative relation can be attested through separating factors. In North Sumatera there exist local wisdoms which serve as adhesive factors of Muslim-Christian relation, such as the concept of ‘marga” among Batakese society. Meanwhile, pig either as food or as pet is regarded as a dividing factor together with fanaticism and exclusivism. In Germany, as majority group the Christians are tolerant towards Muslims due to the rule of law in the country. This tolerance becomes an adhesive factor, while mutual suspicion among both Muslims and Christians is raeagrded as dividing factor.
Convergências, divergências e acurácia diagnóstica à luz de duas terminologias de enfermagem
Authors: Morais Sheila Coelho Ramalho Vasconcelos , Nóbrega Maria Miriam Lima da , Carvalho Emilia Campos de
Published: December 2015

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar divergências, convergências e acurácia dos diagnósticos de enfermagem estabelecidos para um estudo de caso, à luz de duas classificações. Método: pesquisa com delineamento descritivo, com 24 enfermeiros de instituições públicas de ensino e de assistência hospitalar, da Região Nordeste do país. Resultados: no grupo A (6 docentes e 6 assistenciais), foram estabelecidos 51 diagnósticos pela NANDA-I: 54,9% de alta acurácia, 23,5% nula, 15,7% baixa e 5,9% moderada. No grupo B (6 docentes e 6 assistenciais), foram estabelecidas 43 declarações pela CIPE®: 44,2% de acurácia nula, 39,5% alta, 16,3% baixa. Quatro entre os cinco rótulos diagnósticos de alta acurácia do grupo A e os sete do grupo B apresentaram convergências; houve divergências atribuídas ao número de combinações dos eixos foco, julgamento e localização da CIPE®. Conclusão: observou-se uma diversidade de rótulos com inferências diagnósticas distintas e com a presença de baixa acurácia dos diagnósticos, em ambos os grupos.
Comportamento de firmas industriais em fluxos de conhecimento: Uma análise para dois aglomerados produtivos
Authors: Ruffoni Janaina , Suzigan Wilson
Published: December 2015

Resumo O tema central do artigo é o comportamento de firmas industriais em redes de conhecimentos tecnológicos. A importância de fluxos de conhecimentos é reconhecida na discussão econômica a respeito da mudança tecnológica como um elemento essencial para as firmas inovarem. O objetivo do estudo é compreender o comportamento cognitivo de firmas localizadas geograficamente próximas quando do estabelecimento de fluxos de conhecimento, considerados relevantes para seus processos de melhoria e desenvolvimento de novos produtos e processos. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo com o uso da metodologia Social Networks Analyses em duas aglomerações do segmento produtor de máquinas para calçados: um da Itália e outro do Brasil. Os resultados revelaram a existência de fluxos de conhecimento restritos a algumas firmas e rarefeitos, bem como diferentes comportamentos cognitivos, indicando que coexistem nos dois aglomerados firmas que desempenham papéis heterogêneos, sendo algumas bem articuladas, enquanto outras estão isoladas da rede de conhecimento tecnológico.
Fecal cortisol metabolites as indicators of stress in crab-eating-fox (Cerdocyoun thous) in captivity
Authors: Paz Regina C.R. , Souza Nely P. , Brown Janine L.
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Blood samples collection is a common method in biological research using domestic animals. However, most blood sampling techniques are complicated and highly invasive and may therefore not be appropriate for wildlife animals in research concerning stress. Thus, a non-invasive method to measure steroid hormones is critically needed. The first goal of this study was to determine how glucocorticoids concentrations are impacted by translocation and reproductive activity in crab-eating-fox (Cerdocyoun thous) in captivity. The physiological relevance of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites was further validated by demonstrating: (1) The translocation of a male to a females enclosure resulted in a 3.5-fold increase compared to baseline concentrations, (2) changes in adrenocortical activity, as reflected in concentrations of fecal cortisol metabolites during reproduction, gestation and lactation in females foxes, indicating that social interactions resulted in large increases of fecal glucocorticoids metabolites during the reproductive season. From these findings we conclude that fecal samples can be used for the non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical status in crab-eating-fox.
Spring- and Fall-Seeded Radish Cover-Crop Effects on Weed Management in Corn
Authors: Gieske Miriam F. , Wyse Donald L. , Durgan Beverly R.
Published: December 2015

Weeds often limit productivity of organic cropping systems. Radish is a fast-growing, potentially allelopathic cover crop that has the potential to improve weed management in organic systems. To evaluate the effect of radish on density, cover, and biomass of weeds in organically managed corn, 2-yr field experiments were conducted over 4 site years. Four cover-crop planting treatments (fall-only, spring-only, fall + spring, and no cover) were tested in factorial with three cultivation treatments (standard [three to four passes], false seedbed [standard with a false seedbed], and reduced [two passes]). All plots were tilled before planting. Shoot biomass averaged 3,057 kg ha−1for fall-seeded radish and 385 kg ha−1for spring-seeded radish. Radish cover crops generally did not improve management of weeds during the corn growing season. However, in the absence of a false seedbed, fall-seeded radish reduced field pennycress density from 9 to < 1 plant m−2and horseweed density from 6 to 2 plants m−2in spring in site years where these weeds were present. Fall-seeded radish also reduced cover of summer annual weeds during the fall cover-crop growing season from 4 to 0% in 1 site year, preventing these weeds from setting seed. Radish cover crops did not affect corn grain yield.
“Does English make you nervous?”
Authors: Thompson Amy , Sylvén Liss
Published: December 2015

This study aims to explore the relationship between Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) vs. non-CLIL students and language learning anxiety. As part of a larger research project, this study is conducted at the high school level in Sweden and includes students enrolled in CLIL programs (N=109) and non-CLIL programs (N=68) at three different schools. While both CLIL and non-CLIL groups study English as a separate subject, the difference between the two groups is that part of the curriculum is taught through the medium of English in the CLIL programs. The participants completed the Swedish version of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) (Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope 1986), which is a measure of anxiety that has been used since its inception. First, the factor structure of the instrument was explored in order to ensure its applicability, and then analyses on CLIL status and gender were completed. An exploratory factor analysis and subsequently five 2 x 2 factorial ANOVAs were performed, illustrating the relationship of CLIL status and gender on language learning anxiety. Our study fills a gap in the research by providing baseline data for a longitudinal study of CLIL students in Sweden, thereby allowing the comparison of anxiety over time.
Initial French language teacher education policy in Greece and curriculum evaluation among student teachers of FLE
Authors: Karatsiori Marianthi
Published: December 2015

This paper presents initial language teacher education policy adopted in Greece and describes a study which examines student teachers’ of FLE (Français Langue Étrangère) perception of their initial teacher education and its contribution to their future professional life. The sample comprised 67 student teachers in their fourth year of studies for a bachelor degree in the department of French language and literature in the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Greece. Data were collected through questionnaires which included both a structured and an open-ended part. The questionnaire’s content was based on the European Profile for Language Teacher Education — a Frame of Reference (Kelly et al 2004), which identifies 40 items as important elements in foreign language teacher education. Prominent among the findings is student teachers’ perception that the current academic curriculum should place more emphasis on teaching practice, on ways of reinforcing communication with other universities and research institutes, and on using the European Language portfolio and the European Portfolio for student teachers of languages (Newby et al. 2007). The paper concludes by proposing ways of improving the existing French language teacher education degree program and actions at national level for restructuring language teacher education policy in Greece.