bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tinjauan Hukum Dan Peran Pemerintah Dalam Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (TPPO) di Kabupaten Karimun Dan Kota Batam
Authors: Akbar Dhani , Indrawan Indrawan
Published: August 2018

Indonesia sebagai bagian dari masyarakat dunia yang warganya merupakan salah satu  terbanyak menjadi korban trafficking berupaya untuk melakukan penegakan hukum dan tindakan serta peran sebagai bentuk tindakan preventif atas merebaknya tindak pidana (TPPO) dimaksud, Pemerintah daerah sebagai perwakilan pemerintah yang pertama kali bersentuhan lansung dengan persoalan kejahatan perdagangan orang, harusnya mempunyai langkah Strategis yang langsung menyentuh akar persoalan terhadap korban trafficking. Konsep pemenuhan perlindungan, peran dan fungsi pengawasan yang berkelanjutan oleh pemerintah daerah.  ini merupakan bagian dari yang tidak terpisahkan didalam konstitutional Indonesia, jangan sampai dengan lemahnya peran dan pengawasan serta langkah strategis dari pemerintah daerah, akan menambah persoalan mulai dari sosial dan hukum selain memeranginya di dalam negeri maka harus ada upaya bersama dengan negara lain. Maka kerjasama antar pemerintah, antar-NGO, ormas dan perseorangan dalam dan luar negeri yang dibina dan dikembangkan dengan baik serta sinkronisasi kebijkan menjadi keharusan. sedangkan untuk tindakan pemberantasan dilakukan upaya represif melakukan kerjasama melalui koordinasi antar lembaga penegak hukum yang merupakan bagian dari sistem peradilan pidana terpadu. Hal itu demi terwujudnya penegakan hukum.
Historyczny i ideologiczny kontekst męczeństwa sióstr św. Katarzyny na Warmii w 1945 r.
Authors: Zawadzki Wojciech
Published: August 2018

W wyniku przeprowadzonej przez Armię Czerwoną ofensywy zimą 1945 r. w Prusach Wschodnich, setki tysięcy Niemców znalazło się w okrążeniu. Rozpoczęła się wówczas chaotyczna ewakuacja wojska i cywilów, głównie drogą morską. W jej trakcie zginęły tysiące uciekinierów. Dramatyczny los spotkał niemiecką ludność cywilną, która dostała się w ręce czerwonoarmistów. W zajmowanych miastach i wioskach żołnierze radzieccy dopuszczali się indywidualnych i zbiorowych zbrodni na cywilach. Ofiarami gwałtów i morderstw padło wiele kobiet. Wśród ofiar bestialstwa żołnierzy radzieckich były również siostry zakonne ze Zgromadzenia Sióstr św. Katarzyny Dziewicy i Męczennicy. Śmierć niektórych z nich miała znamiona męczeństwa za wiarę.
Pozaustawowe psychologiczne determinanty orzeczeń sądowych
Authors: Korzeniewska-Lasota Anna , Sarnowska Alina
Published: August 2018

W sądowym procesie stosowania prawa istotne znaczenie odgrywa rola decydenta – sędziego. Decyzje sędziego, choć ujęte w ramy proceduralne i implikowane przede wszystkim przez przesłanki normatywne, nie są jedynie prostym sylogizmem prawniczym, a procesem wieloetapowym, w tym również psychologicznym. Choć sędziowie starają się o zachowanie wysokich standardów, o wyeliminowanie w orzekaniu czynników pozaprawnych, o pozostanie niezawisłymi i bezstronnymi, to całkowite wyeliminowanie czynników psychologicznych zdaje się być niemożliwe. W artykule autorki zwracają uwagę na psychologiczne determinanty orzeczeń i sygnalizują potrzebę empirycznych badań nad wpływem owych czynników na proces decyzyjny sędziego.
Nowe rozwiązania prorodzinne na podstawie prawa polskiego oraz europejskiego
Authors: Ziółkowska Krystyna
Published: August 2018

Władza w państwie prawa powinna być sprawowana poprzez właściwe organy przewidziane w przepisach Konstytucji oraz przepisach szczególnych. Rada Ministrów na czele wraz z premierem wykonuje władzę w państwie, realizując program polityczny. Przepisy dotyczące polityki rodzinnej, które zostają wprowadzone do Kodeksu pracy mają na celu zwiększenie atrakcyjności powiększenia rodziny, nawiązanie ściślejszej więzi między rodzicami, większego zaangażowania ojca w wychowanie dziecka. Niestety, pomimo tych udogodnień prawnych pracodawcy nadal będą obawiać się zatrudniać młode kobiety, które nie będą funkcjonowały na ryku pracy przez cały rok (o ile dokonają takiego wyboru). Czy takie uprawnienia rodzicielskie przyczynią się do powiększania rodziny? Czy kobieta wracając po wydłużonym urlopie macierzyńskim ma gwarancję zatrudnienia? Tak postawione pytania dają przyczynek do pogłębienia rozważań w tej materii i zastanowienia się nad rolą rodziny w państwie.
Męstwo a świętość
Authors: Kieliszek Zdzisław
Published: August 2018

W artykule Męstwo a świętość autor, zainspirowany hasłem X Dnia Papieskiego „Odwaga świętości”, który był obchodzony w Polsce 10 października 2010 r., próbuje określić relację pomiędzy cnotą męstwa a świętością. W pierwszej części rozważań analizie poddana zostaje cnota męstwa. Zostaje ona ukazana jako cierpliwe, wytrwałe i ufne stawienie oporu złu, oraz długomyślne i wielkoduszne dążenie do prawdy, dobra i piękna. Część druga jest poświęcona refleksji nad świętością. W świetle prowadzonych badań jawi się ona jako wartość, którą człowiek realizuje, dążąc do doskonałości. W ostatniej części zostają wskazane punkty, w których cnota męstwa i dążenie człowieka do doskonałości wiążą się ze sobą. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz autor dochodzi do przekonania, że kształtowanie w sobie przez człowieka cnoty męstwa należy uznać za strukturalnie konstytutywną część realizowania przez człowieka wartości świętości.
Współpraca katechetów z rodzicami według założeń programowych nowych dokumentów katechetycznych
Authors: Zellma Anna
Published: August 2018

Współcześnie współpraca katechetów z rodzicami wywołuje wiele kontrowersji. Coraz częściej katechetycy i katecheci zwracają uwagę na kryzys zaangażowania rodziców w proces wychowania religijnego dzieci i młodzieży, opisując trudności związane ze współpracą katechetów z rodzicami. Poszukują też sposobów przezwyciężania tego kryzysu. W związku z powyższym artykuł ma na celu ukazanie współpracy katechetów z rodzicami z perspektywy nowych, zatwierdzonych w 2010 roku, dokumentów katechetycznych: „Podstawy programowej katechezy Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce” i „Programu nauczania religii rzymskokatolickiej w przedszkolach i szkołach”. Najpierw scharakteryzowano kontekst teoretycznych analiz, zwracając uwagę na zmiany w zakresie etapów edukacji szkolnej oraz programowania kształcenia ogólnego i nauczania religii. Następnie analizowano  współpracę katechetów z rodzicami w nowych, zatwierdzonych w 2010 roku i stopniowo wdrażanych do realizacji w praktyce szkolnej i duszpasterskiej, dokumentach katechetycznych. Opisano przy tym cele, zasady i sposoby współdziałania katechetów z rodzicami. Dokonując oceny propozycji autorów dokumentów programowych katechezy, zwrócono uwagę na możliwości i ograniczenia w zakresie realizacji teoretycznych propozycji.
Źródła i charakter demokracji deliberatywnej
Authors: Jasiński Karol
Published: August 2018

Artykuł składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej wskazano na historyczne korzenie demokracji deliberatywnej (republikanizm, utylitaryzm, pragmatyzm, filozofię Johna Rawlsa i Jürgena Habermasa). W drugiej omówiono główne założenia i idee demokracji deliberatywnej (deliberację, uczestnictwo, dialog, perswazję, argumentację, porozumienie, zmianę poglądów). Natomiast w trzeciej części zaprezentowano katalog cech pozytywnych tej demokracji (tworzenie kultury politycznej, rozwijanie umiejętności argumentacji, znaczenie edukacji, kształtowanie opinii publicznej, partycypację obywateli), jak również naświetlono problemy rzutujące na proces samego funkcjonowania demokracji deliberatywnej (proceduralizm, neutralność aksjologiczną, brak dobrych racji, brak powszechnego porozumienia, utopijność).
Zakres wolności sumienia i wyznania
Authors: Korzeniewska-Lasota Anna
Published: August 2018

On the basis of the Polish law and court rulings, the author tries to establish in an individual aspect a normative content of individual freedom of conscience and religion (its scope). In her discussion she refers primarily to the rulings of the Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights, which complement the normatively defined sphere of liberty in question.
The Ukrainian Dimension of Mass Culture: Philosophy and Culture Studies Analysis
Authors: Rusakov Sergii
Published: August 2018

The up-to-date topic of the humanities is the mass culture phenomenon that influences the worldview of modern Ukrainians. The author of the article investigates the genesis of the Ukrainian segment of mass culture, considers its condition at the present stage using world and local examples.
Proces tworzenia organów administracji terenowej w województwie białostockim w latach 1944-1945
Authors: Brzostek Agnieszka
Published: August 2018

Po wyzwoleniu w lipcu 1944 r. Białegostoku, a w następnych miesiącach całego województwa białostockiego, pełnomocnicy władzy ludowej rozpoczęli za pomocą swoich przedstawicieli budowę struktur administracji terenowej. Proces przebiegał powoli z kilku zasadniczych powodów. Na terenie Białostocczyzny wziąż działało czynnie podziemie niepodległosciowe, które uniemożliwiało powołanie organów w terenie, ale przede wszystkim nie było uformowanych struktur partyjnych, jak również brakowało osób odpowiednio przygotowanych do piastowania stanowisk w administracji.
Wizerunki koni we wschodniej europejskiej tradycji malarstwa ikonowego
Authors: Goroholinskaya Anna N.
Published: August 2018

Artykuł poświęcony jest osobliwościom obrazu koni w ikonograficznych przedstawieniach. Autorka nakreśliła główne sposoby sklasyfikowania tych zwierząt we wschodniej europejskiej tradycji malarstwa ikonowego. Podział koni zależy od relacji i otoczenia (transcendentnego lub immanentnego), w jakich zostały na ikonach przedstawione. Przeprowadzono także szereg semantycznych paralel, które demonstrują odwzorowanie ukrytych połączeń (religia ortodoksyjna i percepcja narodowa) w ikonografii XII-XVIII w.
Pojęcie „społeczeństwo wiedzy” w kontekście ery informacyjnej
Authors: Terepiszczy Sergiusz
Published: August 2018

Artykuł jest poświęcony analizie pojęcia „społeczeństwo wiedzy” w kontekście coraz dynamiczniejszej informatyzacji różnych płaszczyzn ludzkiego życia. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na argumenty, w świetle których faktyczne istnienie obecnie fenomenu oznaczanego powszechnie terminem „społeczeństwo wiedzy” może zostać zakwestionowane. Ukazano ponadto, że „społeczeństwo wiedzy” wciąż jest jedynie ideałem spekulatywnym. Analizując to pojęcie, ujawniono także podstawowowe przyczyny, które utrudniają urzeczywistienie się „społeczeństwa wiedzy”.
Wyzwania znaków czasu dla Kościoła grecko-katolickiego na Ukrainie
Authors: Volynets Oksana , Rzhyskyy Lyubomyr
Published: August 2018

W artykule podjęto rozważania dotyczące „znaków czasu” na Ukrainie i odczytania sposobu ich rozpoznawania w łonie Ukraińskiego Kościoła Grecko-Katolickiego (UKGK). Pochodną tego tematu jest zagadnienie dynamiki, wyszczególnienie zasadniczych tendencji i zasad funkcjonowania pastoralnej misji Kościoła w kontekście życia Ukrainy. Autorzy skupili się na przedstawieniu i analizie następujących zagadnień: rozpoznawanie i interpretacja znaków czasu; wyjawienie uniwersalnych dla wspólnoty światowej znaków czasu w procesach narodowo-duchowego odrodzenia, transformacji światopoglądowej i stworzenia społeczeństwa pluralistycznego na Ukrainie, a także osobliwości ukraińskich znaków czasu; aktualnego stanu działalności UKGK i przedstawienie, w jaki sposób odpowiada on na znaki czasu. Wydaje się, że odpowiedź UKGK na znaki czasu polega na realizacji dynamicznego i integralnego procesu — od teologicznego uświadomienia znaków Opartności Bożej w historii drogą poszukiwania tożsamości eklezjalnej i nowych form duszpasterstwa do ukształtowania na Ukrainie koinonii dzieci Bożych.
Detection of Irregular Behavior in Room Using Environmental Sensors and Power Consumption of Home Appliances Learning in HMMs
Authors: Zhao ShiJie , Sasama Toshihiko , Kawamura Takao , Sugahara Kazunori
Published: August 2018

We propose a human behavior detect method based on our development system of multifunctional outlet. This is a low-power sensor network system that can recognize human behavior without any wearable devices. In order to detect human regular daily behaviors, we setup various sensors in rooms and use them to record daily lives. In this paper we present a monitoring method of unusual behaviors, and it also can be used for healthcare and so on. We use Hidden Markov Model(HMM), and set two series HMM input to recognize irregular movement from daily lives, One is time sequential sensor data blocks whose sensor values are binarized and splitted by its response. And the other is time sequential labels using Support Vector Machine (SVM). In experiments, our developed sensor network system logged 34days data. HMM learns data of the first 34days that include only usual daily behaviors as training data, and then evaluates the last 8 days that include unusual behaviors.

Index Terms—multifunctional outlet system; behavior detection; hidden markov model; sensor network; support vector machine.

REFERENCES

[1] T.Sasama, S.Iwasaki, and T.Okamoto, “Sensor Data Classification for Indoor Situation Using the Multifunctional Outlet”, The Institute of Electrinical Engineers of Japan, vol.134(7),2014,pp.949-995

[2] M.Anjali Manikannan, R.Jayarajan, “Wireless Sensor Netwrork For Lonely Elderly Perple Wellness”, International Journal of Advanced Computational Engineering and Networking, ISSN: 2320-2106, vol. 3, 2015, pp.41-45

[3] Nagender Kumar Suryadevara, “Wireless Sensor Network Based Home Monitoring System for Wellness Determination of Elderly”, IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 12, NO. 6, JUNE 2012, pp. 1965-1972.

[4] iTec Co., safety confirmation system: Mimamorou, http://www.minamoro.biz/.

[6] Alexander Schliep's group for bioinformatics, The General Hidden Markov Model library(GHMM), http://ghmm.sourceforge.net/.

[7] Jr Joe H.Ward, Joumal of the American Statistical Association, vol58(301), 1963, pp236-244 [5] SOLXYZ Co., status monitoring system:Ima-Irumo, http://www.imairumo.com/.
ANÁLISE DA COMPOSIÇÃO DAS RECEITAS DOS MUNICÍPIOS LINDEIROS AO LAGO DA ITAIPU BINACIONAL NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Dressel Sofia Carline , Braum Loreni Maria dos Santos
Published: August 2018

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a composição das receitas e despesas dos municípios paranaenses lindeiros ao lago de Itaipu, a fim de verificar o possível impacto que possa ocorrer no orçamento destes municípios a partir do ano em que deixarem de receber os royalties da Itaipu Binacional. A metodologia caracteriza-se como um estudo multicasos, utilizando-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, sendo um estudo exploratório com abordagens quantitativas e qualitativas. A fundamentação teórica trata de assuntos pertinentes a análise das finanças dos municípios lindeiros. Quanto aos resultados, identificou-se que, quanto maior a área atingida, maior é o recebimento de royalties. Proporcionalmente ao total de arrecadação, para alguns municípios as compensações financeiras corresponderam a uma fatia maior de recursos do que para outros. Enquanto há municípios que recebem poucos royalties e investem muito em infraestrutura, há outros que recebem mais, mas investem pouco nestas ações. Concluiu-se que os impactos serão sentidos de formas diferenciadas em cada um dos municípios. O tempo de recebimento destes recursos, até a revisão do tratado de Itaipu, é curto, sendo necessários investimentos em setores que tragam, de formas diferenciadas, mais recursos financeiros e aprimorem o desenvolvimento econômico e social.
Well-differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma of Childhood and Adolescence- A Long Term Experience at a Single Institute
Authors: Nasreen Faria , Nahar Nurun , Sultana Sadia
Published: August 2018

Background: Thyroid carcinoma is rare in childhood and adolescence. The presentation is more advanced in case of children as compared to adults. However, the prognosis for survival in children is reportedly excellent. The aim of the study was to see the outcome of patients with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma during childhood and adolescence treated at a single institute.

Patients and methods: A retrospective study of 61 children and adolescent patients (age ≤18years) with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) enrolled in the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Dhaka during the period of  January1986  up to December 2007 was carried out. To allow for a theoretical follow up of at least 5 years the last inclusion year was 2007 and follow up was carried on up to June 2013. All patients were treated by thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine ablation therapy. Whole body scans, Tg, anti Tg Ab and neck ultrasound findings were recorded six months to one year after initial therapy to classify patients into remission, persistent or recurrent disease. Status on last follow up was noted to estimate the survival rate.

Results: A total of 40 patients had papillary carcinoma, 18 had follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (FVPCT) and three had follicular carcinoma. Age range at diagnosis was nine to 18 years with a mean of 15± 2 years. The number of patients ≤10 years were five and > 10 years were 56. There were 12 males and 49 females giving a M: F ratio of about 1:4. Among the 61 patients 30 patients had lymph node metastases and two had both nodal and lung metastases at initial presentation. After one year follow up from the initial radioiodine therapy, 30 patients were in remission and 31 patients had persistent disease. Eventually recurrence occurred in five patients. Three patients died during the whole observation period and all of them were cancer related giving a cancer specific mortality ratio of 0.049%, 95% CI 0 to 0.105%. Cancer specific survival by Kaplan-Meier curve was 98.2%, 98.2% and 66% at 5, 10 and 15 years respectively.

Conclusion: DTC in children and adolescent has a good prognosis in the presence of neck and distant metastases. Awareness of the patient and regular follow up with life long surveillance is essential to obtain a favorable outcome.

Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 20(2): 99-104, July 2017
Adulterated Pharmaceutical Product Detection Using Statistical Process Control
Authors: Eissa Mostafa Essam
Published: August 2018

Drugs manufactured in pharmaceutical companies - that do not comply to current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) - are considered by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as "adulterated medicines", even if they did not impose any health or quality risk to the final consumers. Non compliance to cGMP has adverse effects on both customers and companies with think again escalating legal penalties may be issued. In the current study, newly established pharmaceutical plant launched film coated tablet for treatment of common cold symptoms. The local regulatory agency in collaboration with quality team of a well-established pharmaceutical company in the area has conducted large survey that covered new firms to elucidate the compliance of the facilities of those newly emerging companies to cGMP, partially using statistical process control (SPC). The generated results for the product by quality control (QC) and in-process control (IPC) were processed using statistical software packages. Trending of data brought the focus on hardness test which later highlight the need to investigate dissolution pattern of the three active components of the dosage form. Time series plot of hardness for 195 batches manufactured during 2016 showed non consistency and stability of the process which can be segmented chronologically into three distinct segments. A significant negative correlation (-0.64 by Spearman correlation) was found between the hardness and the dissolution of one the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) viz, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride. Inconsistent operation during hardness as IPC test was reflected in the dissolution QC test. Effect on other properties should be investigated.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(1): 7-15, 2018
Solid State Characterization of Dried Liposomes in The Presence of Sucrose and HPMC as Dispersing Matrix
Authors: Mulyadi Nur Aini , Yusuf Helmy , Rosita Noorma
Published: August 2018

Disaccharides, such as sucrose, have been reported to protect phospholipid membranes during drying, while HPMC is used as gel matrix to inhibit recrystallization. We have investigated the solid state characterization of dried liposome formulation (air-dried and freeze-dried) which was preserved in the presence of sucrose and dispersed in HPMC matrix. The dried liposomal featured cationic dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) was produced to overcome detrimental phase separation in phospholipid membranes during manufacturing process. The effect of sucrose and HPMC on lipid phase behavior during dehydration were characterized including their thermodynamics by DSC, crystallinity by XRD, and liposome structure by SEM. Data revealed that formula contain 5% sucrose and 7.5% HPMC showed a miscible mixture and relatively less crystalline-forming properties that potentially construct a stable dried liposome. The results may aid in the development of dried–DDA liposomal formulation by using combination of sucrose and HPMC.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(1): 16-23, 2018
Hypertension and Related Risk Factors Among Clients on Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Nigeria
Authors: Bello Shakirat I , Ojieabu Winified A
Published: August 2018

Hypertension is a major challenge in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected people globally. A prospective, cross-sectional study comprising two hundred and eighteen HIV-infected patients was conducted in Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of General Hospital, Offa between November 2015 and December, 2016. Patients’ blood pressure was evaluated using Omron automated blood pressure monitor following standard procedures. Dual weight and height balance was utilized to measure the weight and height of the subjects. Hypertension incidence among patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) was 34%, while those that were yet to start cART was 9.6 %. In HIVinfected women on cART, occurrence of hypertension was high (75.5%) as compared to men (24.5%). The hypertension pervasiveness in HIV-infected patients on cART was 75.5% in women and 24.5% in men. Risk factors that were markedly linked with hypertension among patients on cART include body mass index (OR: 3.29,95% CI:1.21-2.27; p< 0.050), sedentary lifestyle (OR: 1.63, 95% CI:1.20-5.38; p < 0.043), age (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.22-2.33; p< 0.004) and gender (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 0.85-2.41; p < 0.037). Patients on cART were found to have higher hypertension prevalence than cART-naive. The cART, however, is not a risk factor for hypertension.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(1): 35-41, 2018
Recent Prescribing Patterns of Cardiac Physicians in Metropolitan Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Shahriar Kazi Ruhullah , Islam Muhammad Rashedul
Published: August 2018

A large number of people in Bangladesh suffer from many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, cardiovascular drugs are one of the major classes of drugs prescribed in Bangladesh. The study of prescribing patterns seeks to monitor, evaluate and suggest modifications in clinicians’ prescribing habits to make medical care more rational. This study was mainly focused on the recent trends of prescribing patterns of oral cardiovascular drugs in Dhaka city. It was a questionnaire-based direct interview type of descriptive study, conducted in the cardiology departments of eight most renowned hospitals of Dhaka, during the study period of February 2017 to April 2017. Most patients in the disease states belonged to the older age group of 50-60 years. More male patients were found in the cardiology departments than the female patients. Hypertension was the most prevalent diseases (86.67%) followed by angina (75.00%) and myocardial infarction (53.33%). Most commonly prescribed antihypertensive medication was angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB, 55.00%) and individually losartan (61.67%), followed by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI, 25.00%) and only ramipril (90.00%). Amlodipine was the first choice of every respondent when prescribing a calcium-channel blocker (CCB). In case of combination products, amlodipine plus atenolol was found to be the most preferred (65%) medication, followed by hydrochlorothiazide plus losartan (40%).Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(2): 123-130, 2018
In vitro Study of Different Partitionates of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. Leaf for Thrombolytic and Membrane Stabilizing Activities
Authors: Jahan Nisrat , Subrin Sadia , Haque Mohammad Rashedul
Published: August 2018

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. is a medicinal herb belonging to the family Apocyanaceae. Locally it is known as Chatim and abundant with ethno-medicinal properties. The crude ethanolic extract of A. scholaris leaves along with its n-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and aqueous soluble partitionates were assayed for their probable thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities. The activities of the leaf extract were compared to standard drugs, streptokinase for thrombolytic and acetyl salicylic acid for membrane stabilizing activities. In this study, among all extractives the highest thrombolytic activity was exhibited by the crude ethanolic extract (55.33±0.08%) (p < 0.001) as compared to Streptokinase (62.07±0.33%) (p < 0.001). Alternatively, ethanol soluble materials also significantly inhibited the haemolysis of human erythrocyte membrane both in induced by hypotonic solution (83.47±0.15%) (p < 0.001) and by heat (79.82±0.71%) (p < 0.001), respectively as compared to standard acetyl salicylic acid (85.09±0.8%) (p < 0.001) and (80.98±1.34%) (p < 0.001).Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(2): 145-149, 2018
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Cyperus odoratus Extract
Authors: Alif Ajijul Hakim , Hossain Amir , Hossain Md Akbar , Madhu Tabitha Mitali , Sumi Salma Akter , Rahman Md Mustafizur
Published: August 2018

Cyperus odoratus (Family: Cyperaceae) is a 10 to 50 cm long perennial herb used as traditional medicinal plant in Bangladesh to treat various pathological conditions like piles, tumour and wound. The ethanolic extract of C. odoratus (COET) has been evaluated for different bioactivities, for example, antioxidant, analgesic, anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities. Antioxidant activity was investigated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, analgesic activity was evaluated from ‘acetic acid induced writhing inhibition test’ in mice, anthelmintic activities was tested by ‘time of paralysis and death’ assays and cytotoxic activities was observed from the ‘brine shrimp lethality bioassay’. Total tannin and phenol contents were also measured by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Phytochemical screening indicated that the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins, gums, steroids and acidic compounds. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay the extract showed IC50 value of 8.05 μg/ml, whereas the standard ascorbic acid showed 31.40 μg/ml. The total tannin and phenolic contents were found to be 3.35 and 1.68 mg GAE/100 g of dried extract, respectively. In acetic acid induced writhing assay, the extract showed 36.23 and 61.32% writhing inhibition at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively, whereas standard Diclofenac-Na (25 mg/kg) showed 70.03% writhing inhibition. The plant extract showed anthelmintic activity in a dose dependant manner. COET also showed LD50 against brine shrimp nauplii at 11.344 μg/mL. After observing all preliminary biological data, it has been confirmed that the plant has antioxidant, analgesic, cytotoxic and anthelmintic properties.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(2): 150-159, 2018
Similarities and Differences in the Acquisition of Fe and P by Dicot Plants
Authors: Lucena Carlos , Porras Rafael , Romera Francisco Javier , Alcántara Esteban , García María José , Pérez-Vicente Rafael
Published: August 2018

This review deals with two essential plant mineral nutrients, iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P); the acquisition of both has important environmental and economic implications. Both elements are abundant in soils but are scarcely available to plants. To prevent deficiency, dicot plants develop physiological and morphological responses in their roots to specifically acquire Fe or P. Hormones and signalling substances, like ethylene, auxin and nitric oxide (NO), are involved in the activation of nutrient-deficiency responses. The existence of common inducers suggests that they must act in conjunction with nutrient-specific signals in order to develop nutrient-specific deficiency responses. There is evidence suggesting that P- or Fe-related phloem signals could interact with ethylene and NO to confer specificity to the responses to Fe- or P-deficiency, avoiding their induction when ethylene and NO increase due to other nutrient deficiency or stress. The mechanisms responsible for such interaction are not clearly determined, and thus, the regulatory networks that allow or prevent cross talk between P and Fe deficiency responses remain obscure. Here, fragmented information is drawn together to provide a clearer overview of the mechanisms and molecular players involved in the regulation of the responses to Fe or P deficiency and their interactions.
Research on Residual Life Prediction for Electrical Connectors Based on Intermittent Failure and Hidden Semi-Markov Model
Authors: Li Qian , Lv Kehong , Qiu Jing , Liu Guanjun
Published: August 2018

Based on the dynamic properties of electrical connector intermittent failure, the model and methods for residual life prediction for electrical connectors are studied in this paper. Firstly, the mechanism of electrical connector intermittent failure is analyzed, and the area enclosed by the contact resistance curve and the fault threshold is defined as the generalized severity of intermittent failure to describe how severe the electrical connector’s intermittent failure is. Then, the Hidden Semi-Markov Model (HSMM) is introduced to build the residual life prediction model of the electrical connector. Further, the evaluation method of using the state and prediction method for residual life are studied. Finally, by carrying out the residual life prediction test, the effectiveness of the residual life prediction method for electrical connectors based on intermittent failure and HSMM is verified.
Magnetic Combined Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates of Ketoreductase and Alcohol Dehydrogenase: An Efficient and Stable Biocatalyst for Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)-3-Quinuclidinol with Regeneration of Coenzymes In Situ
Authors: Chen Yuhan , Jiang Qihua , Sun Lili , Li Qiang , Zhou Liping , Chen Qian , Li Shanshan , Yu Mingan , Li Wei
Published: August 2018

Enzymes are biocatalysts. In this study, a novel biocatalyst consisting of magnetic combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates (combi-CLEAs) of 3-quinuclidinone reductase (QNR) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) for enantioselective synthesis of (R)-3-quinuclidinolwith regeneration of cofactors in situ was developed. The magnetic combi-CLEAs were fabricated with the use of ammonium sulfate as a precipitant and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker for direct immobilization of QNR and GDH from E. coli BL(21) cell lysates onto amino-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The physicochemical properties of the magnetic combi-CLEAs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetic measurements. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images revealed a spherical structure with numerous pores which facilitate the movement of the substrates and coenzymes. Moreover, the magnetic combi-CLEAs exhibited improved operational and thermal stability, enhanced catalytic performance for transformation of 3-quinuclidinone (33 g/L) into (R)-3-quinuclidinol in 100% conversion yield and 100% enantiomeric excess (ee) after 3 h of reaction. The activity of the biocatalysts was preserved about 80% after 70 days storage and retained more than 40% of its initial activity after ten cycles. These results demonstrated that the magnetic combi-CLEAs, as cost-effective and environmentally friendly biocatalysts, were suitable for application in synthesis of (R)-3-quinuclidinol essential for the production of solifenacin and aclidinium with better performance than those currently available.
An Analytical Comparison of Locally-Connected Reconfigurable Neural Network Architectures Using a C. elegans Locomotive Model
Authors: Graham-Harper-Cater Jonathan , Metcalfe Benjamin , Wilson Peter
Published: August 2018

The scale of modern neural networks is growing rapidly, with direct hardware implementations providing significant speed and energy improvements over their software counterparts. However, these hardware implementations frequently assume global connectivity between neurons and thus suffer from communication bottlenecks. Such issues are not found in biological neural networks. It should therefore be possible to develop new architectures to reduce the dependence on global communications by considering the connectivity of biological networks. This paper introduces two reconfigurable locally-connected architectures for implementing biologically inspired neural networks in real time. Both proposed architectures are validated using the segmented locomotive model of the C. elegans, performing a demonstration of forwards, backwards serpentine motion and coiling behaviours. Local connectivity is discovered to offer up to a 17.5× speed improvement over hybrid systems that use combinations of local and global infrastructure. Furthermore, the concept of locality of connections is considered in more detail, highlighting the importance of dimensionality when designing neuromorphic architectures. Convolutional Neural Networks are shown to map poorly to locally connected architectures despite their apparent local structure, and both the locality and dimensionality of new neural processing systems is demonstrated as a critical component for matching the function and efficiency seen in biological networks.
Immobilization of Graphene Oxide on the Permeate Side of a Membrane Distillation Membrane to Enhance Flux
Authors: Intrchom Worawit , Roy Sagar , Humoud Madihah Saud , Mitra Somenath
Published: August 2018

In this paper, a facile fabrication of enhanced direct contact membrane distillation membrane via immobilization of the hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO) on the permeate side (GOIM-P) of a commercial polypropylene supported polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane is presented. The permeate side hydrophilicity of the membrane was modified by immobilizing the GO to facilitate fast condensation and the withdrawal of the permeate water vapors. The water vapor flux was found to be as high as 64.5 kg/m2·h at 80 °C, which is 15% higher than the unmodified membrane at a feed salt concentration of 10,000 ppm. The mass transfer coefficient was observed 6.2 × 10−7 kg/m2·s·Pa at 60 °C and 200 mL/min flow rate in the GOIM-P.
Multiscale Computational Simulation of Amorphous Silicates’ Structural, Dielectric, and Vibrational Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Martínez-González José Ángel , Navarro-Ruiz Javier , Rimola Albert
Published: August 2018

Silicates are among the most abundant and important inorganic materials, not only in the Earth’s crust, but also in the interstellar medium in the form of micro/nanoparticles or embedded in the matrices of comets, meteorites, and other asteroidal bodies. Although the crystalline phases of silicates are indeed present in nature, amorphous forms are also highly abundant. Here, we report a theoretical investigation of the structural, dielectric, and vibrational properties of the amorphous bulk for forsterite (Mg2SiO4) as a silicate test case by a combined approach of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for structure evolution and periodic quantum mechanical Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for electronic structure analysis. Using classical MD based on an empirical partial charge rigid ionic model within a melt-quenching scheme at different temperatures performed with the GULP 4.0 code, amorphous bulk structures for Mg2SiO4 were generated using the crystalline phase as the initial guess. This has been done for bulk structures with three different unit cell sizes, adopting a super-cell approach; that is, 1 × 1 × 2, 2 × 1 × 2, and 2 × 2 × 2. The radial distribution functions indicated a good degree of amorphization of the structures. Periodic B3LYP-geometry optimizations performed with the CRYSTAL14 code on the generated amorphous systems were used to analyze their structure; to calculate their high-frequency dielectric constants (ε∞); and to simulate their IR, Raman, and reflectance spectra, which were compared with the experimental and theoretical crystalline Mg2SiO4. The most significant changes of the physicochemical properties of the amorphous systems compared to the crystalline ones are presented and discussed (e.g., larger deviations in the bond distances and angles, broadening of the IR bands, etc.), which are consistent with their disordered nature. It is also shown that by increasing the unit cell size, the bulk structures present a larger degree of amorphization.
A Compositive Strategy to Study the Pharmacokinetics of TCMs: Taking Coptidis Rhizoma, and Coptidis Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma as Examples
Authors: Li Qiao , Yang Yan , Zhou Ting , Wang Rui , Li Na , Zheng Min , Li Yuan-Yuan , Zhang Ji-Quan , Wu Fei , Yang Bai-Can , Ma Yue-Ming , Ma Bing-Liang
Published: August 2018

Pharmacokinetic studies are crucial for elucidating the effective constituents and formula compatibility of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). However, studies have usually been limited to single dosages and detection of systemic blood concentrations. To obtain comprehensive pharmacokinetic information, here we propose a multi-dosage and multi-sampling (blood from portal vein or systemic circulation, and liver) strategy to comparatively study the pharmacokinetics of multi-form TCMs, i.e., pure constituents, TCMs, or TCM formula extracts. Based on this strategy, we studied the pharmacokinetics of pure berberine, berberine in Coptidis Rhizoma (CRE), and berberine in Coptidis Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma extracts (CR-GRE). After simple calculation and comparison of the obtained area under the curve (AUC) values, the results revealed the drastically different pharmacokinetic properties of pure berberine compared to CRE and CR-GRE. The results contribute to explaining the pharmacological loss of berberine activity after purification and the compatibility of the CR-GR drug pair. The results also innovatively showed that it was intestinal absorption that differentiated the pharmacokinetics of CRE and pure berberine, and CRE and CR-GRE. In conclusion, we propose a composite strategy to comparatively study the pharmacokinetics of TCMs, which could provide sufficient information to obtain a comprehensive view, before follow-up mechanism-of-action studies.
Overview of Wireless Sensor Network, Robotics, IoT, and Social Media in Search and Rescue Activities
Authors: Allali Sarah , Benchaïba Mahfoud
Published: August 2018

In recent years, many researchers have shown interest in developing search and rescue systems composed of one or multiple robots. To enhance the robotic systems, wireless sensor networks and internet of things (IoT) were integrated to give more awareness of the environments. Additionally, data exchanged in social media during emergency situations can help rescuers, decision makers, and the public to gain insight into the situation as it unfolds. In the first part of this chapter, the authors present a review of robotic system and their environments in search and rescue systems. Additionally, they explain the challenges related to these systems and the tasks that a robot or a multi-robot system should execute to fulfil the search and rescue activities. As a second part, the authors expose the systems that integrates WSNs and IoT with robots and the advantages that brings those. Furthermore, they expose and discuss the remarkable research, the challenges, and the open research challenges that include this cooperation.
Dangerous Liaisons?
Authors: Ramírez-Solís Edgar , Baños-Monroy Verónica I.
Published: August 2018

Entrepreneurship is an essential engine for economic growth and innovation. During the last two decades, there has been a lot of academic interest in this kind of activity but only recently has research attention been devoted to the ethical problems encountered by entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. In this chapter, the authors highlight the ethical issues inherent to family firms. Intrapreneurs in a family business face uniquely moral problems related to fundamental fairness, succession process, copyright and brand use, and other challenges. For example, younger generations in family firms face a tricky balancing act between their loyalty to their families and finding new ventures or spin-offs based on the current business. This theoretical work aims to present some contemporary research in entrepreneurial ethics, examines the kinds of ethical dilemmas entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs face, identifies significant research topics and methodological approaches, and discusses possible directions for future research.
Owning Black Hair
Authors: Donahoo Saran
Published: August 2018

Concentrating on Black women, this chapter examines microaggressions directed at members of this population through and because of their hair. Recognizing higher education as White space, this chapter considers the treatment, instructions, and even backlash that Black women receive as they assert their individual and cultural identities through their hairstyles. This chapter draws upon data collected from 30 Black women affiliated with higher education as students and/or professionals to illustrate how hair microaggressions affect their experiences on campus. The responses provided by these Black women illustrate how their hair attracts attention, has the potential to challenge or conform to White appearance norms, and illuminates higher education continuing to function as White space.
Critical Examination of Tokenism and Demands of Organizational Citizenship Behavior Among Faculty Women of Color
Authors: Price-Williams Shelley , Maätita Florence
Published: August 2018

Women of color in academia are a double minority who face extreme challenges in attaining tenure and promotion. Common challenges faculty of color experience encompass characterization of inferiority, expectations of work products that are often undefined or beyond that of peers, exposure to tokenism, and denial of access to power or authority. Faculty of color are often excessively recruited or assigned to institutional committees and projects because of their minority membership, and are also frequently sought out by students and peers of color for mentoring. These forms of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) often go unnoticed and can be undervalued in promotional proceedings. This chapter critically examines how women of color in academia experience tokenism and how this manifests through unrealistic demands and undervalue of organizational citizenship behavior.
Challenges of Meta Access Control Model Enforcement to an Increased Interoperability
Authors: Guerreiro Sérgio Luís
Published: August 2018

When organizations are collaborating, their access control models need to interoperate. However, there are too many access control model variants, and the interoperability enforcement consumes extra effort. In this context, this chapter identifies the challenges of how to design and enforce a meta-access control model to facilitate the interoperability between the different access control mechanisms available. The problem is posed using an ontological approach. Then, the challenges are explained using a descriptive explanation of the meta access control enforcement. The core issues addressed are access models interoperability, standardization of storage for access data, and provisioning of access models.
Social Issues in IT Project Teams
Authors: Leonard Awie C. , Van Zyl D. H.
Published: August 2018

The role and impact of social issues in IT project teams should not be underestimated. With the involvement of virtual project teams, this is even more relevant. One such social issue is the establishment of relationships between members of teams. The establishment and maintenance of social relationships and networks in the IT project environment is a phenomenon all IT professionals are exposed to and in many cases involved in. The question is what impact such social relationships and networks might have on the success or failure of any given IT project. The objective of this chapter is therefore to emphasize the important role social relationships and networks play in the IT project team environment and furthermore, to illustrate to the management of software project teams how such relationships can have a positive or negative impact on team members. In this regard, a climate or culture should be allowed for these relationships to flourish to the benefit of the IT department.
Architectural Framework for the Implementation of Information Technology Governance in Organizations
Authors: Batyashe Thami , Iyamu Tiko
Published: August 2018

The goals of every organization are unique. As a result, it is difficult to find a single information technology (IT) governance framework that will embrace the functions of every organization. This is attributed to the primary reason why organizations tend to select various (multiple) IT governance frameworks, for your processes and activities. However, many organizations later realized that some of the frameworks are very similar (duplications), and others are inappropriate. This evidently and inevitably causes complexities, and negatively impacts return on investment in organizations. This highlights the need for an architectural framework that guides the selection and implementation of an appropriate framework, as presented and discussed in this chapter. The qualitative, case study, and interpretive methods and approaches were followed in conducting this research, which was to develop an architectural framework for the implementation of IT governance in the organizations. A South African organization was used as a case, focusing on the IT division. The data collection method presented in this research was semi-structured interviews. Through a framework, the chapter presents and discusses the fundamental factors that influence the selection and implementation of IT governance in organizations. The factors include organizational needs, managing, assessment, and innovation. These factors are influenced and interact with other tenets, which include adherence, competitiveness and sustainability, training and education, governance and compliance.
Explaining and Predicting Users' Continuance Usage Intention Toward E-Filing Utilizing Technology Continuance Theory
Authors: T. Santhanamery , Ramayah T.
Published: August 2018

Continuance usage intention is important for any business to accentuate the long-term growth of the organization. In the case of e-filing systems, the continuance usage intention is vital as it not only can reduce the operation and management cost, but it can also ensure that the heavy investments invested in developing the e-filing portals will be worthwhile. The focus in this study is to determine the effect of two main central constructs, satisfaction and attitude, on the continuance usage intention of e-filing systems among taxpayers. The result of the study reveals that perceived usefulness and attitude has a significant relationship towards continuance usage intention with attitude as the major predictor. However, satisfaction was found to be insignificantly related to continuance usage intention. Apart from that, confirmation was found to be the major predictor of satisfaction and perceived ease of use as the major predictor of perceived usefulness.