bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Greater Occipital Nerve Block; Distal Versus Proximal Approach for Postdural Puncture Headache: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Elsayed Amir Abouzkry
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: One of the common neuraxial anesthesia complications is postdural puncture headache (PDPH). Greater occipital nerve block (GONB) is a simple and safe maneuver with a faster onset than other treatment modalities. OBJECTIVES: Our work aims to compare the pain-relieving effect between distal and proximal ultrasound (US)-guided bilateral GONBs for PDPH. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, double-blinded study. SETTING: Aswan University Hospital, Egypt. METHODS: The study included 50 patients of both genders, aged 20 to 60 years, who had PDPH with a sitting Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) >= 4. Patients were randomized into 2 equal groups. Group D received a US-guided distal bilateral GONB (at the superior nuchal line level). Group P received a US-guided proximal bilateral GONB (at the second cervical vertebra level). Three milliliters of isobaric bupivacaine 0.5% and 4 mg dexamethasone were injected in both blocks. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in lying down and sitting NRS-11 at 10 minutes, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after the intervention compared to before the intervention in both groups. Only sitting NRS-11 was significantly lower in group P than group D in all measurements after the intervention. Success rate (sitting NRS-11 < 4) at 24 hours was 60% in group D and 84% in group P, with an insignificant difference. The total 48-hour paracetamol and tramadol consumption was significantly lower in group P than in group D (P = 0.038 and 0.036, respectively). Transient cervicalgia occurred in 8% of each group. LIMITATIONS: The small number of cases to prove the secondary outcomes and the absence of a control group. CONCLUSIONS: US-guided proximal and distal GONBs were minimally invasive, simple, and effective ways to treat PDPH, with the superiority of proximal GONB in alleviating PDPH. KEY WORDS: Postdural puncture headache, distal, proximal, greater occipital nerve, block, ultrasound, pain-relieving, neuraxial anesthesia
Cost-Utility and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Refractory Pain in the Context of Developing Country
Authors: Zinboonyahgoon Nantthasorn
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective treatment for chronic refractory pain. The evidence of pain reduction, improvement of function, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness are strong in developed countries. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of economic studies of SCS in the context of low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of additional SCS to conventional management (CMM) in patients with chronic refractory pain in Thailand. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: The pain clinic at Siriraj Hospital, a tertiary care center in Thailand. METHODS: This study recruited patients undergoing SCS implants due to refractory pain to CMM from varieties of conditions and followed up to 36 months. The clinical outcomes, quality of life, and costs of treatment were collected before and after SCS implantation. A decision tree and Markov model were developed to estimate the total lifetime costs and health benefits of SCS using a societal perspective. The results were presented as an incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) in 2021 Thai Baht (THB) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained and an incremental cost-effective ratio (ICER) in 2021 THB per numeric rating pain score (NRS) reduction. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients who underwent SCS implantation reported pain intensity and increased utility at every point in time. Compared to pre-implantation, the QALY gained in both rechargeable and non-rechargeable SCS was 2.13 QALYs. The economic analysis showed the ICUR in the rechargeable and non-rechargeable SCS + CMM group was 660,106.96, and 620,120.59 THB/QALY gained, respectively, which was higher than Thais’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold at 160,000 THB/QALY gained. Pain score reduction was 2.49/10 at the 3-year point, and the ICER was 496,932.08 and 337,341.77 THB/NRS reduction for rechargeable and non-rechargeable SCS, respectively. LIMITATIONS: As this is a single-center prospective cohort study, the results might be subject to selection bias and may not truly represent all patients from a developing country. The cost-effectiveness results should also be carefully interpreted for generalizability. CONCLUSION: Spinal cord stimulation is effective in pain control and improves the quality of life for patients with chronic refractory pain. However, the ICUR of SCS is above the WTP, leading to the interpretation that SCS is still not a cost-effective treatment in the current context in Thailand. KEY WORDS: Spinal cord stimulation, effectiveness, quality-adjusted life year, incremental cost-utility ratios, cost-utility analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, willingness to pay, developing country
Nomogram Model for Predicting the Risk of Recurrence after Surgery of the V3 Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve
Authors: Xie Keyue
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Factors influencing recurrence after V3 trigeminal nerve surgery remain unknown. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the risk factors affecting recurrence after trigeminal nerve branch V3 surgery, construct a nomogram prediction model, and verify the predictive efficacy of the model. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: This study was performed at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, China. METHODS: Patients with mandibular nerve pain of the V3 branch of the trigeminal nerve treated with percutaneous puncture foramen ovale trigeminal mandibular nerve radiofrequency or trigeminal semilunar nerve microballoon compression at the Pain Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing College, between January 2016 and April 2021, were enrolled and randomly divided into the training group (n = 108) and the test group (n = 47) according to the ratio of 7:3. The feasibility of the nomogram prediction model was further explored using multifactor logistic regression analysis based on the screening of independent predictors by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis using recurrence in one year after surgery as the outcome variable, and was assessed by the validation group. Finally, the discriminatory power, accuracy, and clinical utility of the prediction model were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively. RESULTS: Among the 155 patients with trigeminal V3 pain, 128 had no recurrence and 27 had recurrence one year after surgery. LASSO regression combined with multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age, procedure, and duration were factors influencing recurrence one year after surgery (P < 0.05). A nomogram prediction model was developed using the above variables. The AUC of the nomogram prediction model was 0.749 (95% CI [0.618, 0.879]) in the training group and 0.793 (95% CI [0.584, 0.980]) in the test group for postoperative recurrence of V3. The DCA showed that the net benefit of using the nomogram prediction model to predict the risk of postoperative recurrence of the V3 branch of the trigeminal nerve was higher when patients had a threshold probability of 0 to 0.486. LIMITATIONS: This was a single-center study. CONCLUSIONS: This study successfully developed and validated a highly accurate nomogram prediction model (with age, procedure, and duration as predictive variables), which can improve the early identification and screening of patients at high risk of recurrence after trigeminal nerve V3 branch surgery. KEY WORDS: Trigeminal neuralgia, mandibular nerve, risk factors, prediction model
Comparison Between Multisite Injection and Single Rotator Interval Injection of Corticosteroid in Primary Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Hao
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Steroid injection is a commonly used conservative treatment for primary frozen shoulder (PFS), but the optimal injection site remains undetermined. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial of multisite combined injection (MCI) vs single rotator interval injection (SRI). STUDY DESIGN: A randomized double-blinded controlled trial. SETTING: Center for Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. METHODS: Sixty-four patients with PFS were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The experimental group received MCI in the rotator interval, intraarticular, and subacromial bursa; the control group received an SRI. Both groups were injected with one mL of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide and 4 mL of 2% lidocaine. The injection process was completed under ultrasound guidance. Follow-up points were 4, 8, and 12 weeks postinjection. The outcome measures included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Constant-Murley Shoulder (CMS) score, passive range of motion of the shoulder, and patient satisfaction rating. RESULTS: Thirty patients in the MCI group and 29 patients in the SRI group were included in the data analysis. All the outcomes in the 2 groups were significantly better postinjection than preinjection. The MCI group had a lower VAS score than the SRI group at 4 weeks (3.1 ± 1.2 vs 4.3 ± 1.6) and 8 weeks (2.2 ± 1.2 vs. 3.4 ± 1.2) (P < 0.05). Compared with the SRI group, the MCI group had a significant improvement in flexion and abduction (P < 0.01). Additionally, the ASES and CMS scores in the MCI group were better than those in the SRI group at 4, 8 and 12 weeks (P < 0.01). LIMITATIONS: Limitations include the sample size of this study is small and a that it was conducted at a single-center. CONCLUSIONS: Both MCI and SRI effectively alleviated pain and restored range of motion in patients with PFS. However, the MCI group had obviously lower early pain scores, better flexion and abduction, and better function scores than the SRI group; no additional adverse events were observed. KEY WORDS: Primary frozen shoulder, adhesive capsulitis, steroid injection, rotator interval, intraarticular, subacromial bursa
Higher Pain Catastrophizing and Preoperative Pain is Associated with Increased Risk for Prolonged Postoperative Opioid Use
Authors: Riggs Kevin
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Prolonged postoperative opioid use (PPOU) is considered an unfavorable post-surgical outcome. Demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors have been associated with PPOU, but methods to prospectively identify patients at increased risk are lacking. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to determine whether an individual or a combination of several psychological factors could identify a subset of patients at increased risk for PPOU. STUDY DESIGN: Observational cohort study with prospective baseline data collection and passive outcomes data collection. SETTING: A single VA medical center in the United States. METHODS: Patients were recruited from a preoperative anesthesia clinic where they were undergoing evaluation prior to elective surgery, and they completed a survey before surgery. The primary outcome was PPOU, defined as outpatient receipt of a prescribed opioid 31 to 90 days after surgery as determined from pharmacy records. Primary covariates of interest were pain catastrophizing, self-efficacy, and optimism. Additional covariates included social and demographic factors, pain severity, medication use, depression, anxiety, and surgical fear. RESULTS: Of 123 patients included in the final analyses, 30 (24.4%) had PPOU. In bivariate analyses, preoperative opioid use and preoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use were significantly associated with PPOU. The combination of high pain catastrophizing and high preoperative pain (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.41 - 7.79) was associated with higher odds of PPOU than either alone, and the association remained significant after adjusting for preoperative opioid use (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.04 - 6.29). LIMITATIONS: Patients were recruited from a single site, and the sample was not large enough to include potentially important variables such as procedure type. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of high pain catastrophizing and high preoperative pain has the potential to be a clinically useful means of identifying patients at elevated risk of PPOU. KEY WORDS: Postoperative pain, postoperative opioids, opioid prescribing, preoperative evaluation, pain catastrophizing
Predictors of a Favorable Response to Erector Spinae Plane Block for Lumbosacral Radiculopathy
Authors: Hong Ji H.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: The erector spinae plane block (ESPB), which was introduced to manage the thoracic pain, is a technical easy and less invasive ultrasound-guided technique. Although the ESPB is used widely in various clinical situations, no studies have evaluated the association between the clinical outcomes of the ESPB and the numerical changes of the perfusion index (PI). OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between the clinical response following ESPB and other possible factors including the changes of PI. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized, and an open-label study. SETTING: The pain clinic of a tertiary university hospital. METHODS: This study included 91 patients of low back pain with degenerative spinal disease who received L4 ESPB using 20 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine. For the predication of clinical outcome, the PI was measured for 30 min at the blocked side subsequent to the ESPB. Various demographic data were also analyzed to predict the clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The PI of the responder group was higher value than that of the nonresponder group until 30 min but did not show any statistically significant differences. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the duration of pain (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90-1.00; P = 0.043), the right side injection (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.42-10.55; P = 0.008), and the PI ratio of 1.5–3 at 10 min (OR, 3.79; 95% CI, 1.36-10.57; P = 0.011), were independent factors associated with successful outcomes. Limitation: The responder and the nonresponders were categorized using only changes of the numeric rating scale. The categorization based on the changes of functional disability or quality of life was not used. CONCLUSION: The right side injection, duration of pain less than 3 months, PI ratio of 1.5–3 at 10 min following the ESPB were associated with successful clinical outcomes. KEY WORDS: Erector spinae plane block, perfusion index, numeric rating scale, low back pain
Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Prospective Controlled Study
Authors: Zhu Hongwei
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested favorable results with endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression (EA-MVD) for treating patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN); however, supporting evidence is limited. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of EA-MVD with microscopic microvascular decompression (M-MVD). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective controlled study. SETTING: We performed a prospective controlled clinical study that included 52 patients with TN (36, [69.2%] women; 16, [30.8%] men), from June 2021 through January 2022. METHODS: Patients were assigned to receive either EA-MVD (n = 23) or M-MVD (n = 29). The primary outcome was pain intensity relief, measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Barrow Neurological Institute grading scale. The secondary outcomes were the detection of multiple offending vessels, endoscopic use, operation time, hospital stay length, and complications. All patients were followed-up for >= 12 months. RESULTS: At 12 months, both treatment groups showed similar improvements in pain intensity (P = 0.099). The mean VAS score was 3.5 ± 1.6 and 2.9 ± 1.7 in the EA-MVD and M-MVD groups, respectively. Overall, most patients in both groups reached a pain-free status or had nearly pain-free relief (EA-MVD: 21/23, 91.3%; M-MVD: 27/29, 93.1%). The incidence of multiple offending vessels was higher in the EA-MVD group than in the M-MVD group (52.2% vs 17.2%, P = 0.038). The mean operating time in the EA-MVD group (158 ± 27 minutes) was longer and the hospital stay (6 ± 1 days) was shorter than those of the M-MVD group (144 ± 25 minutes and 8 ± 4 days). No mortality or endoscope-related serious adverse events were noted, with the exception of an intracranial infection case in the M-MVD group. LIMITATIONS: The mean follow-up time was relatively short and a single-center study and a small patient population, which might bring some clinical bias. CONCLUSIONS: M-MVD and EA-MVD achieved similar analgesic effects for TN; however, EA-MVD allowed observation of more probable offending vessels with good flexible operative visualization. KEY WORDS: Trigeminal neuralgia, microvascular decompression, endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression, endoscopic surgery, suprameatal tubercle, visual analog scale, minimally invasive surgery, neuropathic pain
PENGEMBANGAN LABORATORIUM KULTUR JARINGAN TANAMAN SKALA SEDERHANA DI DESA NGESREPBALONG, KENDAL, JAWA TENGAH UNTUK MENDUKUNG KONSERVASI ANGGREK LANGKA
Authors: Suwarsi Rahayu Enni , Ulung Anggraito Yustinus , Usumawardani Rini K , Sriyadi Sriyadi , Citra Tania Melika , Maulibulung Sinaga Na Dame , Isnahardiyanti Fadhila
Published: October 2024

Di Desa Ngesrepbalong Kecamatan Limbangan Kabupaten Kendal Provinsi Jawa Tengah telah dilakukan konservasi anggrek spesies alam dari Gunung Ungaran yang langka. Pada tahun 2023 jumlah anggrek langka yang dikonservasi menurun karena beberapa jenis mengalami kematian dan belum dapat dikembangbiakkan. Perkembangbiakan anggrek dapat dilakukan secara efisien melalui kultur jaringan tanaman (KJT). Selama ini teknik KJT belum dapat dilakukan karena 1) masyarakat setempat belum memahami karakteristik, manfaat, dan teknik pengelolaan laboratorium KJT; dan 2) laboratorium KJT belum ada. Metode pemecahan masalah yang dilakukan adalah  1) menyelenggarakan penyuluhan dan pelatihan tentang karakteristik, manfaat, dan teknik pengelolaan laboratorium KJT, dan  2) mengembangkan laboratorium KJT skala sederhana. Kegiatan dilakukan di Desa Ngesrepbalong pada bulan Mei sampai Oktober 2023. Mitra atau khalayak sasaran adalah 10 orang pegiat konservasi lingkungan yang tergabung dalam lembaga sosial “Omah Sawah”. Kegiatan dilakukan secara partisipatif dengan mengaktifkan peran serta mitra, meliputi fasilitasi pelatihan, perancangan dan pengembangan laboratorium, pengadaan alat dan bahan laboratorium, pendampingan, monitoring dan evaluasi.  Hasil kegiatan   menunjukkan bahwa 1) 100% mitra sasaran mempunyai pemahaman yang tinggi dan sangat tinggi tentang karakteristik dan manfaat laboratorium KJT; 2) di Desa Ngesrepbalong telah terbentuk laboratorium KJT skala sederhana, dan 3) 80% mitra trampil melakukan pengelolaan laboratorium KJT dan memanfaatkan untuk perbanyakan anggrek. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan laboratorium KJT telah dapat dikembangkan dan mitra sasaran telah memahami karakteristik serta trampil menggunakannya untuk perbanyakan anggrek. Hal ini bermanfaat mendukung kegiatan konservasi anggrek langka dari Gunung Ungaran
PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN MOBILE ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING (MALL) SEBAGAI SOLUSI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS MANDIRI
Authors: Wulandari Mega Fitri , Bakri Irfiani , Amalia S Reski
Published: October 2024

Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) adalah pendekatan dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang memanfaatkan teknologi mobile seperti smarthphone dan tablet. Kemampuan Bahasa Inggris (English Skill) yaitu speaking, listening, reading dan writing dapat dilatih dengan pendekatan tersebut, yaitu melalui berbagai aplikasi MALL yang tersedia dan dapat diamanfaatkan secara gratis. Namun, masih banyak mahasiswa yang kurang memiliki pengetahuan  tentang banyakmya aplikasi yang tersedia dan cara penggunaan aplikasi-aplikasi tersebut dalam meningkatkan skill Bahasa Inggris. Sehingga kegiatan ini perlu dilaksanakan agar mahasiswa dapat memanfaatkan MALL secara maksimal. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan   dengan metode workshop yang diikuti oleh 20 orang peserta mahasiswa Prodi Manajemen Bisnis Jurusan Administrasi Bisnis Politeknik Negeri Manado. Hasil dari kegiatan ini yaitu memberikan dampak positif kepada peserta yaitu menambah wawasan dan pengetahuan tentang pemanfaatan aplikasi berbasis MALL yang ada. Peserta tidak hanya mendapat pengetahuan teori namun melakukan praktik langsung dengan pendampingan oleh tim pengabdian. Dengan demikian, pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris tidak hanya terpaku selama di kelas, namun dapat juga dilakukan secara mandiri dan fleksibel dimanapun dan kapanpun.Kata Kunci: Pelatihan, Bahasa Inggris, MALL
PSICOLOGIA HEGEMÔNICA: UM DISCURSO QUE (RE)PRODUZ PARADIGMAS BIOMÉDICOS
Authors: Zantutti Darlan Tales , Lima Guilherme Almeida de
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo tece algumas críticas ao modelo de Psicologia Hegemônica que se baseia em preceitos biomédicos e como esta forma de compreender o sujeito contribui para a (Re)produção de discursos biomédicos e na disseminação de paradigmas, estereótipos e preconceitos. A Psicologia, desde sua origem nos laboratórios do século XIX, tem adotado uma abordagem predominantemente experimental, que, ao longo dos séculos, levou à implementação de práticas excludentes e classificatórias. Embora esta ciência tenha se debruçado em estudos sobre mente humana, frequentemente negligencia o contexto, a cultura e a historicidade do indivíduo, tratando-o apenas como um ser biológico. O objetivo principal do presente estudo é de analisar como essa perspectiva hegemônica contribui para o fortalecimento de discursos biomédicos, promovendo pseudo psicodiagnósticos e perpetuando estigmas sobre minorias. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa, exploratória e bibliográfica, com pesquisa realizada nas principais bases acadêmicas e portais de periódicos das ciências humanas, incluindo SciELO, PePSIC e Google Acadêmico, tendo como principais autores estudados Ana Bock, Michael Foucault e Silvia Lane. Como apresentado ao decorrer do artigo, a Psicologia hegemônica, tem um progressivo afastamento das ciências sociais em favor de uma abordagem apenas biomédica, pautada em um discurso neoliberal vigente na atualidade, desta forma acaba reforçando a estigmatização de minorias e refletindo uma sociedade carente de políticas públicas voltado aos cuidados psicossociais. Como conclusão, vê-se a necessidade de construir uma ótica a partir da psicologia sócio-histórica, bem como deve ser feito uma reflexão sobre uma formação do profissional de psicologia, possibilitando o amadurecimento de uma psicologia crítica Decolonial latino-americana.
Visibilità e vitalità delle lingue. Un’analisi linguistica del greko di Calabria attraverso la lente del Linguistic Landscape
Authors: Micali Irene
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes the Linguistic Landscape of Bova Superiore, a small village in southern Calabria where Italo-Greek (Greko) is still spoken. Place-naming practices are considered communicative acts, and the linguistic signs inserted in the public space highlight the richness of the linguistic heritage of communities and contribute to the symbolic construction of collective identities. Through a mapping of the contact between the languages that characterize the Linguistic Landscape of Bova Superiore, the present study aims to fill a knowledge gap by stimulating a reflection on the degree of visibility and vitality of Greko.
La pedagogía desde los presupuestos antropológicos del aprendizaje y de la educación
Authors: Cardona Londoño Juan Carlos
Published: October 2024

Establecer la relación entre pedagogía y antropología, implica sumergirnos en el plano del estatuto científico del campo de la pedagogía, buscando con ello develar las estructuras conceptuales a partir de las cuales se le ha teorizado. En el presente texto desde el contexto histórico de la Modernidad hasta la contemporaneidad como espacio de ideas conflictuantes, tomaremos la tradición filosófica alemana, buscando desde los postulados de Kant (2003), Herbart (1946), Natorp (s.f) y Marx (1976). El presente texto tuvo como horizonte metodológico un enfoque cualitativo y un método teorético con base interpretativo conceptual. El trabajo concluye que la antropología pedagógica histórica se las ve con unos cuestionamientos fundamentales que no son en nada el producto del furor de una época, y se justifica, así como un espacio de indagación y critica fundamental dentro de la pedagogía y, en general, dentro de las ciencias del hombre. Ese espacio se abre en el trasfondo de la posibilidad de perfeccionamiento humano y plantea la formabilidad (educabilidad) humana y la necesidad de educación como presupuestos antropológicos del aprendizaje y de la educación.
Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum and Talinum triangulare Mitigates Kidney Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats Administered with Dichlorvos
Authors: Ambrose Okunima , Anakwe Chukwuma S. , Olusoga Ezomoh Olubunmi , Ejovwoke Arhoghro Marcellinus , Prophet Prohp, The
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potentials of extracts from medicinal plants (Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimumgratissimum, Talinum triangulare) against DDVP-induced renal toxicity in Wistar rats. A total of 50 male adult rats, each weighing approximately 272g, were divided into ten groups (n=5). The groups were given normal saline (normal control), 8.0mg/kg body weight DDVP (positive control), 8.0mg/kg body weight DDVP along with 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight of the plant extracts respectively, and 20mg/kg and 40mg/kg body weight of vitamin C for 28 days. DDVP significantly (P<0.05) increased urea, creatinine, Na+, K+, Cl-, and significantly (P<0.05) decreased HCO3- compared to the normal control. Treatment with the aqueous leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimumgratissimum, and Talinum triangulare significantly corrected these biochemical imbalances when contrasted with the positive control. Histology of the kidney tissues supported these findings. In conclusion, the aqueous leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimumgratissimum, and Talinum triangulare may have therapeutic potential against DDVP-induced renal toxicity in rats.
Comparison of Retinal Thickness betweenDiabetic Patients without Diabetic Retinopathy and Non-Diabetic Controls Using SD-OCT
Authors: Qasim Muhammad , Lund Anusha , Urooj Sana , Maqsood Asif
Published: October 2024

Purpose:  To determine retinal thickness in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy and non-diabetic controls using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT).
Study Design:  Cross-sectional observational study.
Place and Duration of Study:  Diabetic Eye Clinic and General Eye OPD of Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Karachi from July 2018 to August 2018.
Methods:  Patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic healthy control eyes of either genderand age between 20 and 60 years were recruited. Patients with any other systemic and ocular disease affecting retinal thickness were excluded. After initial examination and informed written consent, patients were referred to ocular investigation department for detailed retinal examination and SD-OCT for measuring central retinal thickness. Data were analyzed for continuous and categorical variable using SPSS.
Results:  Average Central Retinal thickness was 297±21 and 315±13µmand Central Foveal Thickness was 246±16 and 249±19µmin diabetic and non-Diabetic patients respectively. Quadrant-wise evaluation revealed retinal thickness as follows; nasal 310 and 324µm), temporal (291and 304µm), superior (297and 316µm) and inferior (292and 314µm) in diabetics and non-diabetics respectively. Retinal thickness was greater at nasal and lesser at temporal regions.
Conclusion:  Diabetic patients without DR had thinner central retinal thickness compared to non-diabetic controls, as measured by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). Specifically, the average central retinal thickness and central foveal thickness were slightly reduced in diabetic patients. Quadrant-wise analysis revealed that the retinal thickness was consistently greater in the nasal region and lesser in the temporal region in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
Distribution of Ocular Biometry and Intraocular Lens Power in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery in an Eye Camp in Northern Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Erum , Jafri Asad Raza , Fasih Uzma
Published: October 2024

Purpose:  To report ocular biometric data of patients undergoing cataract surgery in an eye camp in a city of Northern area of Pakistan.
Design:  Cross-sectional descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study:  A surgical eye camp was set up in the month of September 2022 for 6 days in a private hospital in Skardu.
Methods:  A total of 119 patients were selected with a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Ocular biometry of permanent local residents with significant cataractswas included. Incomplete biometry data and coexisting diseases like corneal opacity, pterygium, and severe dry eye causing errors in biometry were excluded. Keratometry was done with an automated refractor-keratometer. Axial length was calculated with an A-scan (ultrasound contact method) and intraocular lens (IOL) power was calculated.
Results:  A total of 119 patients were selected for biometry among 3908 individuals visiting an eye camp. The mean axial length was 22.13 ± 1.25 SD mm. The mean keratometry readings (K1) was 43.28 ± 1.83 Diopter and (K2) 44.26 ± 1.67 D. The mean intraocular lens (IOL) power was 24.78 ± 3.43 D. The mean K readings were more in males as compared to females (p-value <0.005). There was no significant difference in axial length and IOL power among genders.
Conclusion:  This study gives normative data on ocular biometric parameters of patients undergoing cataract surgery at high altitudes in Skardu, Pakistan. These biometric values can be used as reference values in the local population
Cataract as the First Manifestation of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Aljawhara T. Aldamri  , Mohammed Alshamrani  , Saleh A. Al-Khaldi
Published: October 2024

An 8-year-old girl presented with blurry vision. Examination revealed impaired visual acuity (VA) in both eyes and significant lamellar and posterior subcapsular cataracts requiring surgery. Preoperative laboratory tests indicated elevated urine and blood glucose levels, leading to a diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus by a paediatric endocrinologist. She began insulin treatment and underwent lens aspiration with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Postoperatively, her VA improved to 20/30 in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye.
Computer Vision Syndrome and Ergonomic Practices among Students and Professionals
Authors: Kanwal Bushra , Khalil Iqra
Published: October 2024

Purpose:  To investigate the frequency of Computer vision syndrome (CVS) and its association with ergonomic practices among students and professionals.
Study Design:  Cross sectional observational study.
Place and Duration of Study:  Online survey.
Methods:  This study involved a pre-tested self-designed structured questionnaire distributed through Google Forms to gather responses from students and professionals regarding symptoms of CVS. The form was shared with approximately 2500 individuals, the response rate was 10.04%, resulting in 251 responses. After careful review, 237 responses were deemed suitable for inclusion in the study. The chi-square test was used and p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:  The relationship between symptoms of CVS (headache, body fatigue or tiredness, burning sensation, blurred vision, and dry eyes) and various ergonomic practices (screen time, longest uninterrupted time, breaks during screen use, screen size, type of screen, font size, refresh rate, and screen resolution) was seen in 237 subjects.  The study revealed increased frequency of CVS symptoms when using screens. There was a statistically significant effect of prolonged screen time (p<0.05), smaller screen sizes (p<0.05), lower refresh rates (p<0.05), small font size (p<0.05) and lower screen resolutions (p<0.05) on the severity of CVS symptoms.
Conclusion:  These findings enhance our understanding of the complex relationship between ergonomics and visual discomfort, and they will guide future interventions aimed at improving visual comfort and ergonomics in screen-based environments.
Comparison between Epiretinal Membrane Component in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy and Other Fibroproliferative Diseases: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wijaya Amanda Natalie , Zahra Raihanny Andrea , Yudantha Anggun Rama
Published: October 2024

The growth of proliferative vitreoretinopathy epiretinal membrane (PVR-ERM) is a major complication of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Despite surgery, adjunct treatment is necessary to control the aberrant wound healing response that occurs in PVR-ERM to prevent its recurrence. Existing studies on adjunct agents target pathways in the pathogenesis of PVR-ERM. We conducted a scoping review of composition of PVR-ERMs and other fibroproliferative ERMs. After literature search, 12 articles were included into the study. Outcome measured was gene expression, growth factors, extracellular matrix components, and enzymes.Among these studies, 9 compared PVR-ERM with PDR-ERM, 2 compared PVR-ERM with iERM, and 1 compared PVR-ERM with secondary ERM. Higher expression of certain genes or a higher concentration of particular factors can be observed throughout PVR, PDR, iERM, or secondary ERM.TGF-β, MALAT1 gene, and fibronectin are distinct factors that might play a bigger role on the pathogenesis of PVR compared to other fibroproliferative diseases.
Pink Eye Disease Surge in Pakistan: A Silent Epidemic of Adenoviral Conjunctivitis Demanding Urgent Action to Prevent Long-term Ocular Morbidities
Authors: Sajjad Waseem
Published: October 2024

Dear Editor! infectious disease has always been a challenge and burden on healthcare system of Pakistan. Beside other infectious diseasesin the recent years, there has been increase in cases of adenoviral conjunctivitis affecting almost all parts of the country from Karachi to Lahorereporting over 288000 cases in 2023 from January to September alone.1,2No, doubt, Adenoviral Conjunctivitis has always been an important ocular infection around the globe causing a large part of over 65-90% of total vial conjunctivitis.3In Pakistan during 2024, this infection has quietly escalated into an epidemic, impacting nearly all major cities. Over 13,473 cases have been reported in various government hospitals within a span of thirty days (August-September 2024).2On Tuesday, September 4, a total of 907 cases were reported within just 24 hours, highlighting the widespread nature of the outbreak.4
PANORAMA EPIDEMIOLÓGICO HOSPITALAR DE PACIENTES COM TRANSTORNOS DE HUMOR NO BRASIL
Authors: Bispo Mayara Oliveira , Paradis Rafael Joseph Macedo , Castro Milena Melo de , Ramos Tarcia Costa , Neves Elias Gabriel Dantas , Juraci Leite Neves Neto  , Pizzani Laina Amorim , Feitoza Vanessa Araújo , Filho Áureo Pedro Silva De Andrade , Siqueira Larissa Guimarães , Palma Lurhana Nabi Guimaraes , Paes Renata Schumann Reis , Oliveira Daniele Martins de Lima
Published: October 2024

Introdução: O transtorno mental é uma síndrome de considerável perturbação intelectual, emocional ou comportamental de um indivíduo, com prejuízos psicológicos, biológicos e no desenvolvimento de suas relações íntimas e do funcionamento mental. Estima-se que o número de pessoas com depressão excedia 300 milhões de pessoas ou 4,4% da população mundial em 2015; curiosamente percebe-se que quantidade aproximada de pessoas é atingida por transtornos de ansiedade, podendo-se inferir que muitos indivíduos têm os dois transtornos como comorbidades de forma concomitante. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o perfil epidemiológico das internações por transtornos de humor, em todas as idades, no Brasil e suas regiões, entre 2013 e 2023. Metodologia: Trata-se   de   um   estudo epidemiológico embasados a partir dos dados  do  departamento  de informação  de  saúde  do  SUS  (Sistema  Único  de  Saúde).  As  variáveis  utilizadas  foram:  internações hospitalares, taxa de mortalidade, óbitos, faixa etária, sexo, caráter de  atendimento e macrorregião de saúde. Ademais foi realizada uma revisão de literatura para embasar o estudo, utilizando as bases de dados: Pubmed e SciElo. Os descritores utilizados foram: depressão, transtorno de humor e epidemiologia. Resultados: 564.756 internações ocorreram por Transtorno de Humor em indivíduos de menos de 1 ano a 80 e mais anos de idade, de ambos os sexos e de todas as regiões do Brasil. Ainda que a região Sul tenha sido a mais notificada quanto a quantidade de internações, a região Sudeste foi a região que obteve o maior número de óbitos no país. A maior faixa-etária acometida foi entre 30 e 39 anos. O número de gastos hospitalares foi maior na região Sul, seguida da Sudeste. O sexo feminino foi o mais afetado por essa patologia. Em relação à etnia, mais pacientes brancos são internados. No que diz respeito ao caráter de internações, o serviço de urgência foi avassaladoramente o mais procurado. Conclusão: Tendo em vista esses grandes números, deve-se, com urgência, aumentar os investimentos em serviços comunitários e melhorar a coordenação entre equipes de saúde mental e atenção básica. Essas medidas têm o potencial de reduzir as taxas de internação psiquiátrica hospitalar.
"الحقوق الاجتماعية بين الفقه والقانون"
Authors: العتيبي بندر عبدالله دسمان
Published: October 2024

تم تقسيم البحث إلى مبحثين، في المبحث الأول تم تناول التعريف بالحقوق الاجتماعية في الفقه والقانون، وقسم إلى مطلبين، المطلب الأول تناول التعريف الفقهي للحقوق الاجتماعية، والمطلب الثاني تناول التعريف القانوني للحقوق الاجتماعية، وتين أن للحقوق الاجتماعية مجموعة من الخصائص فهي حقوق إيجابية وتتطلب تطبيقا تدريجيا وتتطور بتطور المجتمع وتفرض أعباء جديدة على الدولة، ثم بين المبحث الثاني أسس ومصادر الاعتراف بالحقوق الاجتماعية، وتم تناول الأسس الفقهية والقانونية للحقوق الاجتماعية في المطلب الأول، والتي تتمثل في الشريعة الأسلامية والفلسفة الليبرالية والفلسفة الاشتراكية، كما لها أسس قانونية في المنظمات المتخصصة في حقوق الإنسان، وفي المطلب الثاني تم تناول مصادر الحقوق الاجتماعية في كل من الدستور السعودي والدساتير المقارنة، كما في الدستور السعودي والدستور المصري والعراقي والعماني.
"أثر الإدارة الرشيقة على جودة الحياة الوظيفية دراسة ميدانية على الموظفين الإداريين بجامعة الملك عبد العزيز"
Authors:   طالبة ماجستير، قسم الإدارة العامة، كلية الاقتصاد والإدارة، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية, حامد الولدي أسماء بنت حسن , الرحمن الشماسي أريج بنت عبد ,   أستاذ مشارك، قسم الإدارة العامة، كلية الاقتصاد والإدارة، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية
Published: October 2024

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر تطبيق الإدارة الرشيقة والمحددة بالأبعاد التالية: (تنظيم موقع العمل، التحسين المستمر، العمل القياسي، الموظفون متعددون الوظائف) على جودة الحياة الوظيفية في جامعة الملك عبد العزيز بالمملكة العربية السعودية من وجهة نظر موظفيها الإداريين، وكذلك مستوى تطبيق الإدارة الرشيقة وجودة الحياة الوظيفية بها، بالإضافة إلى معرفة الفروق في إجابات أفراد العينة حول متغيري الدراسة بحسب متغيراتهم الديموغرافية المتمثلة في (الجنس، المؤهل العلمي، العمر، سنوات الخبرة، الحالة الاجتماعية، المسمى الوظيفي)، وقد اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واُستخدمت الاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات، وتمثل مجتمع الدراسة من جميع موظفّي جامعة الملك عبد العزيز الإداريين، والمقدّر عددهم بـ (4300) موظفًا وموظفة
"تأثير التنمية والتدريب على السلوك الوظيفي للعاملين في الجامعات السعودية"
Authors:   جامعة ميدأوشن- برنامج دكتوراه الإدارة, السقّاط د. فراس سعود , السقاف د. أحمد عبد القادر ,   جامعة ميدأوشن- برنامج دكتوراه الإدارة
Published: October 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرّف على تأثير التنمية والتدريب على سلوك العاملين الوظيفي في الجامعات السعودية بمدينة جدة، وإلقاء الضوء على أهمية التدريب في تنمية الموارد البشرية، والتعرّف على أهداف التنمية والتدريب على مستوى الفرد والمؤسسات والمجتمع، ومعرفة تأثير التنمية والتدريب على تغيير السلوك الوظيفي للفرد
"قياس أثر السياسات المالية على سوق الأسهم في المملكة العربية السعودية خلال الفترة (1997الى 2022)"
Authors: الديب د. خالد بن زكي , عمر بامخير عبدالله بن خالد
Published: October 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى قياس تأثير السياسات المالية على سوق الأسهم في المملكة العربية السعودية خلال الفترة (1997-2022) ولذلك عن طريق استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، والمنهج القياسي. استخدمت الدراسة نموذج أردل وكان المتغير التابع هو قيمة مؤشر سوق المالية وذلك لتعبير عن سوق المالية.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE MINIMAL OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENT IN VENTILATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Лобанов Д.В. , Звенигородский И.И. , Сафонов С.А. , Кононова М.С.
Published: October 2024

Показана особенность современных методов расчета требуемого воздухообмена, заключающаяся в неполном учете физических параметров человека при определении расчетного воздухообмена. Обоснована необходимость учета в общественных зданиях не только степени тяжести выполняемой работы, но и возраста, пола, а также некоторых других физических параметров человека. Приведены расчеты на основе общественных зданий, в которых люди заняты умственным трудом. Представлены данные по потреблению кислорода, выделению углекислого газа, энергозатратам и требуемому количеству приточного воздуха для людей умственного труда. Определены минимальные и максимальные значения величины приточного воздуха с учетом возраста и коэффициента физической активности.

In the article we show some characteristics of modern methods for calculating the required air exchange, which consists in incomplete consideration of human physical parameters when determining the calculated air exchange. We justify the necessity of taking into account in public buildings not only the severity of the work performed, but also age, gender, and some other physical parameters of a person. The calculations are based on public buildings data where people are engaged in mental labor. Here we present data on oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption and the required amount of supply air for people of intellectual work. The minimum and maximum values of the supply air are determined, taking into account age and the coefficient of physical activity.
Tata Letak Fasilitas Area Produksi Startup Ceripik
Authors: Abner Kevin , Luthfian Ridya Adyatma Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Abstrak merupakan ringkasan penting keseluruhan artikel yang meliputi tujuan, metode, hasil, dan kesimpulan dalam bentuk singkat namun jelas.  Tujuan pembuatan template ini adalah untuk memberikan panduan pada para penulis yang akan menyajikan artikelnya pada Jurnal Pembangunan dan Kebijakan Publik yang diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Garut. Metoda penulisan artikel diharuskan memenuhi ketentuan publikasi artikel ilmiah, dengan menyajikan berbagai ulasan dengan sistematika yang menggambarkan kecendekiaan penulis dan sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah ilmiah lainnya. Kesimpulan yang dibuat oleh penulis disajikan secara lugas dan mudah dipahami oleh mereka yang memiliki latar belakang disiplin pendidikan yang sama dengan penulis.
FEMINILIDADE
Authors: Abreu Tina Keller da Ponte , Souza Janilton Gabriel de
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho analisa sobre o lugar da mulher ao longo da história. Tal abordagem se faz necessária a partir do modelo inserido do feminino em nossa sociedade. Assim, o propósito deste estudo é entender o caminho e quais fatores levaram a distinção e silenciamento da mulher ao longo da história. Esta tarefa foi executada através da revisão bibliográfica que teve como objetivo compreender a definição de feminilidade por vários teóricos. O estudo demonstrou que ao longo dos séculos a mulher pode ser vista de forma individual, apesar de persistir o modelo patriarcal e machista. Compreendeu-se o deslocamento social da mulher para obter igualdade entre os gêneros.
Women's Language in Bargaining: A Sociolinguistic Study of Seller-Buyer Interactions in Dinoyo Market
Authors: Hotimah Emah , Putra Herdana Hikmal Maulana , Mohed Abdul , Nur Fitria Anggrisia  , Putri Alifa Nathania
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the characteristics of women’s language in market bargaining, revealing how specific communicative features affect buying and selling interactions. These features include the use of polite and non-confrontational language forms, such as hedges and tag questions, which reflect a desire to maintain harmonious social relations. Drawing on Robin Lakoff’s (1975) theory, the study examines how features like hedges, tag questions, and super polite forms are employed by female sellers and buyers during market interactions. The research methods include direct observation and conversation analysis to identify the frequency and context of these language features. The findings indicate that the use of female language traits not only influences the nature of bargaining but also contributes to establishing and maintaining positive social relationships between sellers and buyers. These insights enhance our understanding of communication strategies in economic contexts and underscore the importance of recognizing gender-specific linguistic features in everyday social interactions. Furthermore, the research suggests that a deeper understanding of women’s language traits can provide practical benefits for market participants, aiding in the improvement of their negotiation and marketing skills
Kedudukan dan Fungsi Bahasa Bali bagi Generasi Muda di Kota Denpasar
Authors: Ariana
Published: October 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kedudukan dan fungsi bahasa Bali bagi generasi muda di Kota Denpasar. Kajian ini diperlukan dalam upaya menemukan langkah-langkah strategis untuk melestarikan bahasa Bali. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pada tahap pengumpulan data, digunakan metode simak dan wawancara. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa kuesioner dan lembar pertanyaan dalam wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif kualititaif, melalui tahapan identifikasi, pemilihan, analisis, dan interpretasi data. Penyampaian hasil analisis data menggunakan metode formal dan informal. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat beberapa temuan, yang dapat dikerucutkan bahwa bahasa Bali bagi generasi muda di kota Denpasar dihormati kedudukannya dan diketahui fungsinya, tetapi enggan untuk mempelajari dan menggunakannya. Secara lebih detail bisa disimak pada bagian pembahasan.
Cognitively engaging exercise predicts executive functioning on laboratory tasks
Authors: Enns James T. , Kozik Pavel , Dudarev Veronica
Published: October 2024

The cognitive engagement hypothesis claims that regular exercise must be cognitively engaging in order to benefit executive functioning.  However, the available evidence for this hypothesis is circumstantial. Here we test it directly in two studies. In Study 1, 145 young adults first reported the extent to which their primary exercise and non-exercise leisure activities were cognitively engaging. They then completed two well-known laboratory tasks measuring executive function: a flanker task to index inhibitory control and a backward digit span task to assess working memory. Structural equation modeling revealed that when participants reported that their exercise relied on inhibitory cognitive control, they performed better on the flanker task, and, when their exercise demanded cognitive flexibility, they performed better on a backward digit task. These relationships did not hold for their primary reported leisure activity. Study 2 confirmed this finding with an independent sample of 227 undergraduates and two different executive function tasks: a stop-signal task to index inhibitory control and a trail making B task to assess cognitive flexibility. When participants reported that their regular exercise relied on inhibitory control they had faster stop-signal reaction times and made fewer trail making errors, and, when their exercise relied on cognitive flexibility, they had slower stop-signal reaction times and longer trail making B completion times. These relationships were again not found for participants’ leisure activities.  These findings support the claim that exercise is associated with cognitive performance on laboratory tasks, provided the exercise is itself cognitively demanding.