bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corpus Concordance for Enhancing EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Retention
Authors: El-Esery Ayman Mohamed
Published: September 2015

The snappy and dependable utilization of Concordancers forwarded them for use in studies. Since Lexis start language learning, advocates have tried to utilize concordancing programs in English language teaching. Computer programs are utilized as a regular part of language teaching, yet they don't take much place in the instructing of Lexis. This study first point of interest is the utilization of concordancing programs and gives methods that can be managed in ELT and represents sample uses of concordancing programs in teaching Lexis after reviewing literature related to concordance in ELT. Thirty EFL students enrolled at the Uqlat Asoqour College of Science and Arts, Qassim University represented the sample of this study. Results showed that the students using an online concordance learning approach had a higher level of retention in terms of word meaning and word usage in comparison with those using the regular vocabulary learning method.
Engaging Adult Learners of English Using Collaboration and Negotiation
Authors: Abello Larcy C.
Published: September 2015

This work stems from the author’s experience as a teacher-researcher handling Intensive English for Foreign Graduate Students from several Southeast Asian countries, in line with the program of the University of the Philippines at Los Baños to enrich their reading and vocabulary skills.

This reports the teaching-learning practices which help learners to cope with their reading and vocabulary difficulties. Survey and interview encourage adult learners to take active part in planning targets based on identified needs. For these adult learners of English to be responsive and receptive, a thorough needs analysis is required to adopt an appropriate teaching-learning design. Contrary to a common practice of using a predetermined content and conduct of lessons provided by commercially available texts, this particular procedure encourages a contextualized and integrated approach and focuses on scaffolding and empowering of learners through a more dynamic and looser organization of subject matter. Collaboration and negotiation empower learners, making learning fulfilling and liberating; thus, the teacher acts as an effective facilitator of a learning process and not a mere lecturer/proctor who delivers a predetermined learning package.

The experience highlights the need for teachers to become active, flexible, and engaged action researchers to upgrade the quality of teaching and learning. No educator should settle doing the same routine (lessons, activities, exercises, approaches) considering the ever-changing role of English language in the globalized world. In short, an action research keeps the teacher on track as s/he remains faithful to the ultimate aim of English language teaching: that is, to produce autonomous and empowered individuals who can communicate effectively, solve problems strategically, and think/analyze critically.
Estimation of Left Ventricular Pressure with the Pump as “Sensor” in Patients with a Continuous Flow LVAD
Authors: Pennings Kim A.M.A. , van Tuijl Sjoerd , van de Vosse Frans N. , de Mol Bas A.J. , Rutten Marcel C.M.
Published: September 2015

Introduction

In long-term ventricular support of patients with LVADs, left ventricular pressure (plv is relevant for indicating the unloading level of the heart. Monitoring of plv over time might give more insight into the increase or decrease in native ventricular function. In this study, we aim to assess dynamic plv noninvasively, using the LVAD as a pressure sensor.

Methods

Pressure head (dplvad) was estimated from pump flow with a dynamic pump model ( 1 ). Estimated dplvad and measured aortic pressure were used to calculate left ventricular pressure. Moreover, parameters dp/dtmax and mean, minimum, and maximum plv were derived. The method was validated with a porcine ex vivo beating heart model by measurements conducted in 4 hearts supported with a Micromed DeBakey VAD and 3 hearts with a Heartmate II VAD. During each measurement, aortic and left ventricular pressure, pump flow, and pressure head were recorded for 30 s with a sampling frequency of 1 kHz.

Results

The estimation of left ventricular pressure appeared to be accurate for both pumps. The parameters mean and minimum pressure were estimated with high accuracy. The degree of accuracy of the estimated plv was proportional to the degree of accuracy of the dynamic pump model.

Conclusions

We proved that the LVAD model described in this paper can be used as a pressure indicator to determine LV pressure at any time based on noninvasive measurements of pump flow, aortic pressure, and the properties of the outlet graft.
Double-Wire Sternal Closure Technique in Bovine Animal Models for Total Artificial Heart Implant
Authors: Karimov Jamshid H. , Sunagawa Gengo , Golding Leonard A.R. , Moazami Nader , Fukamachi Kiyotaka
Published: September 2015

In vivo preclinical testing of mechanical circulatory devices requires large animal models that provide reliable physiological and hemodynamic conditions by which to test the device and investigate design and development strategies. Large bovine species are commonly used for mechanical circulatory support device research. The animals used for chronic in vivo support require high-quality care and excellent surgical techniques as well as advanced methods of postoperative care. These techniques are constantly being updated and new methods are emerging.

We report results of our double steel-wire closure technique in large bovine models used for Cleveland Clinic's continuous-flow total artificial heart development program. This is the first report of double-wire sternal fixation used in large bovine models.
Qatari national scholarships: University selectivity and student outcomes
Authors: Nasser Ramzi , Alkubaisy Mothana , Al-Horr Khalid
Published: September 2015

The scholarship program in Qatar provides aid for students wishing to enroll in “top-ranked” universities around the world by supplying them with tuition, fees, board, and travel. The selectivity (high or low ranking, as determined by international ranking agencies) of the universities implies specific outcomes in terms of graduation and time of study at the university. In this study we attempt to understand how selectivity is related to education functional outcomes. Based on Qatari students enrollment in higher education programs around the world, students were bifurcated into high ranking or low ranking universities and whether they graduated or terminated in relation to specific functional outcome as in achievement (e.g. grade point average) and time of study in a program. A Kruskal-Wallis analysis was conducted using the selectivity of university as an independent variable and graduation status (whether they were terminated or graduated) on student university achievement and time of study. The finding showed the main effects for selectivity, bifurcated into ranked universities (top-1096 universities) and those non-ranked on university achievement. When the selectivity was narrowed by bifurcating students who were enrolled in highly ranked (top-200 universities) and those lower-ranked universities (below the top 200-ranked universities or non-ranked universities), a main and significant statistical difference was found for selectivity on university achievement and time of study. Surprisingly, those in the “top- ranked” universities were more likely to underperform than those in the lower-ranked universities. The findings suggest that students who enroll in high ranking universities were more likely to face difficulty in maintaining the high averages to continue. A greater insight and qualitative approaches is needed to understand Qatari student lower achievement in the top ranking universities around the world.
Friend
Authors: Machielsen Jan
Published: September 2015

The special friendship of Martin Delrio and Justus Lipsius (1547–1606), the famous neo-Stoic philosopher and humanist, was much trumpeted by their Catholic contemporaries, who used it as proof of Lipsius’s religious orthodoxy. Protestants later depicted their friendship as proof of the humanist’s weakness and submission instead. This chapter studies the letters the two men exchanged in the aftermath of Lipsius’s return to the Southern Netherlands in 1591. It argues that the initiative came from Lipsius, not Delrio. Lipsius was an active agent, who designated Delrio as his mentor, but who by no means let himself be guided. Instead, his friendship with Delrio provided Lipsius with a public platform on which to re-enact his reconciliation with Catholicism. While Lipsius is the protagonist of this chapter, his return to Catholicism has a notable impact on Delrio as well.
A Web of Demons
Authors: Machielsen Jan
Published: September 2015

This introductory chapter makes three related points about the nature of early modern demonology. First, the chapter argues that many scholars were forced to discern the truth behind witchcraft accusations at second hand, from the safety and comfort of their study. Second, it argues for the apparent novelty of demonology as a field of knowledge in the late sixteenth century. Third, it suggests that this sense of distance and apparent novelty contributed to its appeal among early modern elites. While not denying its deadly intent, the entertainment value of early modern demonology must also not be ignored. The origins of the Disquisitiones as a course taught at the Leuven Jesuit College must be placed within this wider context, while its print history further bears out its particular appeal.
A Textual Science
Authors: Machielsen Jan
Published: September 2015

The Disquisitiones magicae was not a book based on personal experience. The chapter begins by locating the Disquisitiones instead within a context of other works of Counter-Reformation scholarship that had similar encyclopaedic ambitions. Like other texts in this mode of scholarship, the Disquisitiones was a compendium of right and wrong belief but also a work of history. The chapter further argues that the work was based on practices of common-placing. Its argument was built on a wide range of very different texts, from classical authors to testimony from the New World. Arranging these different authorities alongside each other strengthened its argument. The result was a work of textual scholarship that would prove more difficult to dislodge than rival works based on inquisitorial experience. The chapter suggests that the enduring popularity of the Disquisitiones reflects the increasingly disembodied way witches were believed in.
Hadhrami Mediators of Ottoman Influence in Southeast Asia
Authors: Kathirithamby-Wells Jeyamalar
Published: September 2015

The chapter traces through trade, khuṭbah and diasporic networks the importance of Hadhramaut and the Hadhramis of Southeast Asia to Ottoman Indian Ocean interests. By virtue of their religious, commercial and scholarly status the Hadhrami sayyids influenced the emergence of anti-colonial rhetoric in the Netherlands East Indies. By the second half of the nineteenth century, the Caliph's attempts to boost his prestige within Dār al-Islām, compensating for Ottoman political attrition on the European front, merely aggravated festering Dutch suspicions of a Hadhrami-inspired anti-colonial conspiracy. Consequent Dutch discriminatory treatment of Arabs backfired, however, allowing for the ready co-option of Hadhrami agency by the new Ottoman consulate for promoting the Caliphate. Though the Caliph's agenda made little headway, given the influence of the Netherlands in European politics, the ‘Arab problem’ foregrounded new concepts of citizenship and nationality pertinent to both Hadhrami–Ottoman relations and rising nationalism in the region.
The Influence of Ottoman Qur’ans in Southeast Asia Through the Ages
Authors: Akbar Ali
Published: September 2015

This chapter discusses the influence of Ottoman Qur’ans on the Qur’an in Southeast Asia, from the manuscript era and through the period of early printing up to the present day. At various times, Ottoman influence can be detected in certain specific aspects of Southeast Asian Qur’ans, including illumination and calligraphy, and in particular in the adoption of the Ottoman ayet ber kenar model of page layout. Special attention is paid to the Qur’an lithographed in Palembang in 1848, as the earliest Qur’an printed in Southeast Asia. In recent years Ottoman influence has become much stronger, particularly since the ratification of the Indonesian Standard Qur’an in 1984, as one of the three approved versions is based on the Qur’an printed at the Matbaa-i Bahriye in Istanbul. This edition of the Qur’an has long been used in Indonesia by Qur’anic reciters, who learn the text by heart (ḥāfiẓ) in various pesantren (madrasas).
Vying for Attention
Authors: Radulescu Raluca
Published: September 2015

This chapter focuses on Dublin, Trinity College, MS 432, a miscellany often neglected in criticism, with the exception of two texts within it, a romance, King Robert of Sicily, and a play, the Northampton Abraham and Isaac. Although clearly missing parts of its original contents, the manuscript displays more coherence than previously thought, and deserves a re-examination, both of the label previously given to it (miscellany; commonplace book) and of its contents. I examine formal features, such as the presentation of all the verse narratives, in what resembles a dramatic/debate format, and the association of rhyme royal with the authority figure of a ‘Doctor’. These choices were possibly informed by its compiler’s choice to record or produce dramatic pieces performed in his region/locality, perhaps for educational purposes. The compiler might have been a schoolmaster, or someone who had an interest in presenting materials of interest to one.
Coastal Dunes changes from 1966 to 2001 in the de La Plata River, Uruguay
Authors: Latorre Elena CastiÃ±eira , Canavero Andrés
Published: September 2015

Hereby we present a historical reconstruction of the coastal landscape for an area of the dune system of Rio de la Plata in Uruguay. In order to achieve our purpose, we performed an analysis of photographs taken of the area in the years 1966, 1976, 1982, 1987, 1994 and 2001, which were loaded to a geographic data system. For a long period of time we detected an increment and advancement of the vegetation coverage towards the coast. Based on a logistic regression, we inferred a transmission pattern predicting that the system would achieve a maximum of 85% coverage via a model of cyrtoid phenomenon. These results make sense once we consider management plans for the restoration of degraded areas, which have been afforested in the past century with the purpose of disrupting the sand dune dynamics and facilitating urban development. Currently, those areas are densely populated with increasing reports of housing and infrastructure destruction due to beach loss and the invasion of exotic species. Our approach incorporates the historical vision of the landscape as a tool for the restoration of degraded ecosystems, and at the same time proposes certain strategies for the management and control of Acacia longifolia, which constitutes the main exotic species that has invaded and modified the dune system of coastal Rio de la Plata.
Gestão de unidades de conservação: um estudo de caso na área de proteção ambiental da Serra do Baturité (CE)
Authors: Vieira Maria das Graças , Almeida Fernanda Matos de Moura , Silva Jaqueline da Costa e
Published: September 2015

Devido à exaustão dos recursos naturais, nos últimos anos a temática ambiental ganhou espaço nos mais diversos segmentos da sociedade. A criação de Unidades de Conservação tornou-se uma estratégia mundialmente consagrada para a conservação da biodiversidade. A categoria de UC denominada Área de Proteção Ambiental tem importância significativa tanto no que se refere à área total protegida como aos seus objetivos de proteção que levam em consideração o desenvolvimento da área aliado à conservação dos seus valores e recursos ambientais. A gestão de UCs tem sido alvo de estudos e debates acerca de suas especificidades e complexidades. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a gestão de uma unidade de conservação, localizada no estado do Ceará. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa, o método utilizado foi o estudo de caso e como instrumento de coleta de dados, realizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada com a gerência da área. De acordo com as informações obtidas por meio dos instrumentos de pesquisa concluiu-se que, a gestão da área está se reestruturando. Resultados positivos foram observados, no entanto, algumas variáveis gerenciais, como o aumento do quadro funcional, precisam ser reformuladas
Variação espaço-temporal do índice de qualidade de água e índice de estado trófico do reservatório público de Ceraíma, Guanambi, Bahia
Authors: Rocha Gerfson Silva , Velasco Fermin de La Caridad Garcia , Rego Calasans Alves , Luzardo Francisco Heriberto Martínez , José Wildes Santos Barbosa
Published: September 2015

O trabalho teve por objetivo a avaliação espaço-temporal do Índice de Qualidade de Água (IQA) e Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) do Açude Público de Ceraíma, Guanambi (BA) visando caracterizar a qualidade da água, avaliar o nível de eutrofização e analisar a da dinâmica da água no açude levando em consideração informações relativas à bacia hidrográfica do rio Carnaíba de Dentro e parâmetros morfológicos e climatológicos. Desta forma, foi desenvolvida a análise fisiográfica da bacia hidrográfica com o auxílio do ArcGis 9.2 a qual mostrou que a bacia hidrográfica apresenta baixa capacidade de drenagem sendo alongada e apresentando pouca possibilidade de enchentes rápidas em condições normais de precipitação. A análise da morfologia do açude indicou um elevado desenvolvimento do perímetro e boa capacidade de assimilação de impactos poluidores e resistência ao estabelecimento da eutrofização. Quatro pontos amostrais foram selecionados no sentido longitudinal do açude tendo sido realizadas três campanhas para coleta de amostras de água. Foram também coletadas informações meteorológicas referentes à temperatura média do ar nos dias das coletas, a lâmina de precipitação ocorrida nos sete dias anteriores às coletas e os volumes de água armazenados no açude nos dias das coletas. A média dos parâmetros relativos ao IQA indicou condições estatisticamente iguais de qualidade de água nos locais amostrados sendo que a o IQA variou de condições ótimas a boas. Os valores obtidos para o IET nos pontos de coleta também não apresentaram diferenças significativas, sendo todos os locais amostrados classificados como ambientes mesotróficos. Devido a grande variação de volume de água entre as coletas 1 e 2, a qualidade de água na coleta 2 foi boa e o ambiente eutrofizado devido provavelmente a lixiviação de fertilizantes utilizados na agricultura praticada no entorno do açude e o aporte de esgotos domésticos.
Determinação de metais traço no sedimento do canal prolongamento da Avenida Bento Gonçalves, Pelotas (RS)
Authors: Rangel Eduarda Medran , Sanches Filho Pedro José
Published: September 2015

Este trabalho foi realizado no canal Prolongamento da Av. Bento Gonçalves, na zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas, nos mês de maio de 2012 (outono).Foram coletadas amostras em sete pontos ao longo do percurso do canal. O intuito foi avaliar o nível de metais traços no seu sedimento e parâmetros físico-químicos na água. Foram avaliados cádmio, cromo, cobre, níquel chumbo e zinco, e os parâmetros físico-químicos na água foram: pH, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez, dureza, cloretos e matéria orgânica. As amostras de água foram coletadas com o auxílio de uma jarra de plástico. As análises de pH, condutância, oxigênio dissolvido e turbidez foram analisadas em campo. .Através dos resultados da água podemos observar um corpo hídrico altamente impactado. A condutância, indicador de poluição no corpo hídrico, variou de 731,20 a 7.379 µS.cm-¹, quando o valor máximo para corpo não poluído seria 100 µS.cm-¹. Os resultados de cloretos somente em dois dos sete pontos apresentou-se abaixo do estipulado pelo CONAMA 357/2005 para águas classe 2, onde o limite é 250 mg Cl-.L-1, variando de 104,13 a 1.249,6 mg Cl-.L-1. Os valores de oxigênio dissolvido, de 2,80 a 8,70 mg de O2.L-1, e os altos teores de matéria orgânica, 19,23 a 432,67 mg de O2.L-1 confirmam o quão impactado encontra-se este canal.
Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos: uma análise das publicações no período de 2000 a 2012
Authors: Kneipp Jordana Marques , Rosa Luciana Aparecida Barbieri da , Perlin Ana Paula , Gomes Clandia Maffini , Bichueti Roberto Schoproni
Published: September 2015

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as características das publicações sobre gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos na base de dados Web of Science (WOS) no período de 2000 a 2012, bem como identificar os hot topics relacionados ao tema. Os principais resultados demonstraram que que produção científica relacionada ao gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos, aumentou gradativamente até o ano de 2009, que representa o ano de maior produção no período analisado. Nos anos de 2010, 2011 e 2012 evidenciou-se um declínio na produção relacionada à temática. As publicações estão relacionadas em sua maioria a duas áreas temáticas: “Ciência Ambiental e Ecologia” e “Engenharia”. Entre os periódicos com maior número de publicações, destacam-se o Waste Management; Waste Management Research; Resources Conservation And Recycling; Journal of Environmental Management; Journal of The Air Waste Management Association. A China lidera o ranking dos países que mais publicam sobre a temática, seguida dos Estados Unidos. Foram classificadas como hot topcis ou tópicos quentes as combinações do tema gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos (solid waste management) com meio ambiente (environment), reciclagem (recycling), tecnologia (technology), planejamento (planning), estratégia (strategy) e política (policy).
Composição gravimétrica dos resíduos sólidos destinados para uma central de triagem, compostagem e disposição final
Authors: Konrad Odorico , Calderan Thanabi Bellenzier , Schmeier Nara Paula , Casaril Camila Elis , Lumi Marluce
Published: September 2015

A geração de resíduos sólidos domésticos tem intensificado devido aos novos hábitos de consumo e ao aumento populacional, dessa forma a preocupação com o gerenciamento dos mesmos tem crescido. Nesse sentido, a caracterização gravimétrica, surge como uma importante ferramenta, pois, demostra os tipos e quantidades de resíduos coletados, valorando-os em porcentagem com relação a sua massa. O estudo caracterizou os resíduos de um grupo de 30 municípios, abrangendo cerca de 95.000 habitantes. Constatou-se que a matéria orgânica correspondia a 60,3% em peso do total de resíduos destinados a central de triagem, compostagem e disposição final, 18,2% destes resíduos eram materiais recicláveis e 21,5% rejeitos. Através do estudo, verificou-se que do total de resíduos sólidos domésticos coletados, aproximadamente 80% em peso eram passíveis de reaproveitamento.
Análises físico-químicas do corpo hídrico na fazenda São Gonçalo em Paraty (RJ)
Authors: Azevedo Sandra Maria Costa de , Vasconcelos Daniela Vidal , Avelar Julio César Lopes de
Published: September 2015

A Mata Atlântica é um bioma presente na maior parte do território brasileiro As florestas ribeirinhas, conhecidas como matas ciliares são formações vegetais muito importantes para a preservação do ambiente natural e para tanto o objetivo do estudo foi aferir e analisar em dois momentos e em horários diferentes os parâmetros físicos e químicos do rio São Gonçalo em Paraty, Rio de Janeiro e compará-los. As aferições ocorreram em dois momentos distintos: em abril de 2011 e outubro de 2011. Foram coletadas em 08 pontos ao longo do percurso natural do rio, com o auxílio da Sonda Multiparâmetros, amostras onde foram aferidos os parâmetros: Temperatura, Salinidade, Oxigênio Dissolvido, pH e Potencial ReDox. A temperatura da água variou entre 21,19ºC e 27,62ºC, com média de ± 24,135ºC; a salinidade manteve-se nulo nos primeiros 04 pontos havendo pouca variação nos subseqüentes com média de 0,13; os teores de oxigênio dissolvido determinados na coluna de água apresentaram uma variação de 8,25 mg.l-¹ a 15,79 mg.l-¹; os valores de pH variaram de 3,81 a 4,8 com média de ± 4,2 e os valores do potencial Redox variaram entre 95,5 a 180,7.
Superior virologic and treatment outcomes when viral load is measured at 3 months compared to 6 months on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Kerschberger Bernhard , Boulle Andrew M , Kranzer Katharina , Hilderbrand Katherine , Schomaker Michael , Coetzee David , Goemaere Eric , Van Cutsem Gilles
Published: September 2015

Introduction

Routine viral load (VL) monitoring is utilized to assess antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and virologic failure, and it is currently scaled‐up in many resource‐constrained settings. The first routine VL is recommended as late as six months after ART initiation for early detection of sub‐optimal adherence. We aimed to assess the optimal timing of first VL measurement after initiation of ART.

Methods

This was a retrospective, cohort analysis of routine monitoring data of adults enrolled at three primary care clinics in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, between January 2002 and March 2009. Primary outcomes were virologic failure and switch to second‐line ART comparing patients in whom first VL done was at three months (VL3M) and six months (VL6M) after ART initiation. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

In total, 6264 patients were included for the time to virologic failure and 6269 for the time to switch to second‐line ART analysis. Patients in the VL3M group had a 22% risk reduction of virologic failure (aHR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64–0.95; p=0.016) and a 27% risk reduction of switch to second‐line ART (aHR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58–0.92; p=0.008) when compared to patients in the VL6M group. For each additional month of delay of the first VL measurement (up to nine months), the risk of virologic failure increased by 9% (aHR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.15; p=0.008) and switch to second‐line ART by 13% (aHR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05–1.21; p<0.001).

Conclusions

A first VL at three months rather than six months with targeted adherence interventions for patients with high VL may improve long‐term virologic suppression and reduce switches to costly second‐line ART. ART programmes should consider the first VL measurement at three months after ART initiation.
Pensar o discurso no webjornalismo: temporalidade, paratexto e comunidades de experiência
Authors: Fernando Dalmonte Edson
Published: September 2015

Investiga o atual estágio do Webjornalismo, com base na análise do discurso, tomando-se por referência a perspectiva contratual da comunicação. A partir das características próprias do Webjornalismo, são localizados os elementos componentes de um quadro geral de "constrangimentos discursivos", base do posicionamento discursivo, estabelecido segundo a perspectiva do dispositivo, capaz de implementar novas formas de enunciação, resultando numa configuração paratextual. A obra reflete ainda sobre alguns critérios do mercado informacional. Nessa perspectiva trata o Webjornalismo como "bem de experiência" e ressalta a importância das "comunidades de experiência" para a simulação do contato entre as instâncias comunicacionais.
The Myth of the Intuitive
Authors: Deutsch Max Emil
Published: September 2015

A defense of traditional philosophical method against challenges from practitioners of “experimental philosophy.”

In The Myth of the Intuitive, Max Deutsch defends the methods of analytic philosophy against a recent empirical challenge mounted by the practitioners of experimental philosophy (xphi). This challenge concerns the extent to which analytic philosophy relies on intuition—in particular, the extent to which analytic philosophers treat intuitions as evidence in arguing for philosophical conclusions. Experimental philosophers say that analytic philosophers place a great deal of evidential weight on people's intuitions about hypothetical cases and thought experiments. Deutsch argues forcefully that this view of traditional philosophical method is a myth, part of “metaphilosophical folklore,” and he supports his argument with close examinations of results from xphi and of a number of influential arguments in analytic philosophy.

Analytic philosophy makes regular use of hypothetical examples and thought experiments, but, Deutsch writes, philosophers argue for their claims about what is true or not true in these examples and thought experiments. It is these arguments, not intuitions, that are treated as evidence for the claims.

Deutsch discusses xphi and some recent xphi studies; critiques a variety of other metaphilosophical claims; examines such famous arguments as Gettier's refutation of the JTB (justified true belief) theory and Kripke's Gödel Case argument against descriptivism about proper names, and shows that they rely on reasoning rather than intuition; and finds existing critiques of xphi, the “Multiple Concepts” and “Expertise” replies, to be severely lacking.

Bradford Books imprint
Appendix 4: Example of Text Analysis
Authors: Nesset Tore
Published: September 2015

This appendix provides some points for an analysis of a passage from the Primary Chronicle. The goal is not to offer an exhaustive analysis of the text, but rather give you an idea of how you can approach a medieval text. One thing you will notice when you start working with actual texts is that there is much more variation than you might expect from reading a book like the one you are holding in your hands. However, recall that for example the Primary Chronicle is the result of a long compilation process based on a multitude of sources, and that the text was then copied by different scribes at different places and times. Given this, abundant variation should not come as a surprise. Good luck with your own analyses!

 

Click on the links below to learn more!

Example of text analysis
Chapter 5. Population viability
Authors: Santos Jorge
Published: September 2015

This chapter of CONΣERV IT deals with the following questions in aquatic conservation:

- What is conservation biology?
- Do fish populations get extinct or extirpated?
- Is it bad that related populations rescue each other?

 

Extirpation
Chapter 7. Diversity: measurement and valuation
Authors: Santos Jorge
Published: September 2015

This chapter of CONΣERV IT deals with the following questions in aquatic conservation:

- What do ecologists call diversity?
- How can we measure changes in diversity in locally impacted areas?
- How can we valuate those changes by simple means?

 

Conservation and valuation of diversity Belize
Chapter 4 – Predict the future: trend analysis
Authors: Santos Jorge
Published: September 2015

QUESTIONS ASKED

How to assess the state of a fishery with a minimum of information?

Where to obtain national and regional fishery data?

How to interpret simple indicators of abundance?

Do fisheries have typical cycles that can be recognized?

How to compare and adjust the fishing power of different fleets?

 

Trend analysis

Standardization of catch rates
Chapter 7 – Size and reproduction: yield per recruit models
Authors: Santos Jorge
Published: September 2015

QUESTIONS ASKED

What are the bases of the traditional regulations of effort and gear in fisheries?

What are the trade-offs between fishing early or late on the reproductive potential of the stocks?

How certain is the advice, and what are the risks?

 

Yield pr recruit R-based

R-script YR I PR by projection contour F tc

R-script YR II by projection single tc (F and f based)

R-script YR III PR by projection Monte Carlo Risk single F tc
Chapter 9 – Rules for the future: forecasts and hindcasts
Authors: Santos Jorge
Published: September 2015

QUESTIONS ASKED

How do discuss and agree on fishery management plans for the future?

Can we develop harvest rules in small-scale fisheries, without models?

How can we express the probable costs of fishing too much or too little?

 

Forecasts and harves rules - parametric quotas

Adaptive harvest rules - non-parametric
PIBID: ANÁLISE DE PRODUÇÕES PUBLICADAS EM PERIÓDICOS DA ÁREA DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Prodócimo Elaine , Prado Guilherme Do Val Toledo , Ayoub Eliana
Published: September 2015

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os artigos sobre o Pibid disponíveis na base de dados Scielo e no Portal de Periódicos da Capes. Para tal, fizemos uma revisão bibliográfica tomando como referência o descritor “Pibid”, na qual foram selecionamos um total de 26 artigos. As análises foram feitas a partir dos resumos dos textos e realizadas levando-se em conta: data da publicação, número de autores, instituição a que são vinculados, tipo de pesquisa, áreas de conhecimento e temáticas abordadas nos mesmos. Sendo o Pibid um programa que articula a relação universidade-escola e é constituído pelos sujeitos diretamente envolvidos na profissão docente é muito provável que o fomento promovido pelo programa esteja constituindo horizontes de possibilidades que devolvam aos professores e profissionais da educação o valor de sua própria constituição profissional, como mostram os artigos estudados e seus resultados.
PIBID E OS DESAFIOS DA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE EM REDE
Authors: Assis Alessandra
Published: September 2015

O artigo discute o processo formativo no âmbito do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) na Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), utilizando a metáfora de rede como referência para refletir sobre potencialidades dessa iniciativa no contexto das políticas de formação de professores no Brasil. Como base empírica, traz a experiência realizada na Bahia no período de 2007 a 2014, apresentando pressupostos, objetivos, estratégias e resultados alcançados. 
O PIBID COMO POSSIBILIDADE DE INSERÇÃO DE PROFESSORES EM FORMAÇÃO EM PRÁTICAS DE LETRAMENTO ACADÊMICO
Authors: Pereira Fritzen Maristela , Fischer Adriana
Published: September 2015

O objetivo do presente artigo é discutir a inserção de acadêmicas do curso de Letras em práticas sociais de letramento acadêmico, por meio de leituras e produções escritas no âmbito do Programa de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), a partir de sua participação no Subprojeto de Letras-Português da Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB). A concepção teórico-metodológica tem por base os estudos dos letramentos acadêmicos, com ênfase em práticas socioculturais situadas, das quais se analisam relatórios mensais e diários de campo elaborados pelas acadêmicas ao longo de dois anos de inserção no PIBID. Os dados se organizam em torno de quatro dimensões: (i) práticas leitoras de conteúdo científico e pedagógico; (ii) escolhas pedagógicas; (iii) práticas de escrita e oralidade de gêneros discursivos da esfera acadêmica; (iv) interação com outros acadêmicos em eventos científicos. Os resultados da análise da inserção das licenciandas/pibidianas em práticas de letramento acadêmico sinalizam como elas vão constituindo sua nova identidade – a docente, ao lado da identidade de membros efetivos em Discursos acadêmicos. Essas diferentes formas de inserção em práticas sociais de letramento acadêmico marcam fronteiras entre o ser estudante, no ensino superior, e o ser professor na educação básica.
JOVENS ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS E SEUS PROFESSORES: SUA INTERAÇÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Vasconcelos Ivar César Oliveira de , Gomes Candido Alberto Da Costa
Published: September 2015

As mudanças da universidade têm resultado em angústias, não só de professores, mas também de estudantes, quanto ao desinteresse destes últimos pelas atividades educacionais, quando não pelos cursos. Angustiam-se também diante do constante monólogo nas salas de aula. Diante disto, indaga-se: quais aspectos da interação social revelam as vinculações entre a universidade que se obriga a renovar-se permanentemente no mundo atual e o desinteresse de estudantes pelo curso? Por que predomina a educação que prioriza aspectos informativos da educação, portanto, menos dialógica? Neste sentido, investiga-se a interação entre experiências sociais (DUBET, 1994, 1998, 2013) construídas por estudantes e professores, visando a compreender como concretizar, cada vez mais, a pedagogia dialógica (FREIRE, 2009, 2011). Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativo-exploratória, com estudo de casos múltiplos, envolvendo jovens estudantes de cursos de licenciaturas e professores. Estudantes valorizam amizade, criatividade e preocupam-se com o desinteresse de colegas pelo curso. Idealizam o professor que é líder e carismático. Para eles, há mais informação, menos formação, e dialogar não se reduz a lidar com conceitos. Já as professoras valorizam o respeito e sentem-se apoiadas pela instituição. Igualmente aos estudantes, preocupa-lhes o desinteresse pelo curso. Idealizam o docente que articula informação com formação e dialogar é por o mundo real dentro da sala de aula.
A new stationary analytical model of the heliospheric current sheet and the plasma sheet
Authors: Kislov Roman A. , Khabarova Olga V. , Malova Helmi V.
Published: September 2015

We develop a single‐fluid 2‐D analytical model of the axially symmetric thin heliospheric current sheet (HCS) embedded into the heliospheric plasma sheet (HPS). A HCS‐HPS system has a shape of a relatively thin plasma disk limited by separatrices that also represent current sheets, which is in agreement with Ulysses observations in the aphelion, when it crossed the HCS perpendicular to its plane. Our model employs a differential rotation of the solar photosphere that leads to unipolar induction in the corona. Three components of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the solar wind speed, and the thermal pressure are taken into account. Solar corona conditions and a HCS‐HPS system state are tied by boundary conditions and the “frozen‐in” equation. The model allows finding spatial distributions of the magnetic field, the speed within the HPS, and electric currents within the HCS. An angular plasma speed is low within the HPS due to the angular momentum conservation (there is no significant corotation with the Sun), which is consistent with observations. We found that the HPS thickness L decreases with distance r, becoming a constant far from the Sun (L ~2.5 solar radii (R0) at 1 AU). Above the separatrices and at large heliocentric distances, the solar wind behavior obeys Parker's model, but the magnetic field spiral form may be different from Parker's one inside the HPS. At r ≤ 245 R0, the IMF spiral may undergo a turn simultaneously with a change of the poloidal current direction (from sunward to antisunward).
Characteristics, vertical structures, and heat/salt transports of mesoscale eddies in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Yang Guang , Yu Weidong , Yuan Yeli , Zhao Xia , Wang Fan , Chen Gengxin , Liu Lin , Duan Yongliang
Published: September 2015

Satellite altimetry sea surface height measurements reveal high mesoscale eddy activity in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO). In this study, the characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the SETIO are investigated by analyzing 564 cyclonic eddy (CE) tracks and 695 anticyclonic eddy (AE) tracks identified from a new version of satellite altimetry data with a daily temporal resolution. The mean radius, lifespan, propagation speed, and distance of CEs (AEs) are 149 (153) km, 50 (46) days, 15.3 (16.6) cm s−1, and 651 (648) km, respectively. Some significant differences exist in the eddy statistical characteristics between the new‐version daily altimeter data and the former weekly data. Mean vertical structures of anomalous potential temperature, salinity, geostrophic current, as well as heat and salt transports of the composite eddies, are estimated by analyzing Argo profile data matched to altimeter‐detected eddies. The composite analysis shows that eddy‐induced ocean anomalies are mainly confined in the upper 300 dbar. In the eddy core, CE (AE) could induce a cooling (warming) of 2°C between 60 and 180 dbar and maximum positive (negative) salinity anomalies of 0.1 (−0.3) psu in the upper 50 (110) dbar. The meridional heat transport induced by the composite CE (AE) is southward (northward), whereas the salt transport of CE (AE) is northward (southward). Most of the meridional heat and salt transports are carried in the upper 300 dbar.
Computing low‐frequency radar surface echoes for planetary radar using Huygens‐Fresnel's principle
Authors: Berquin Yann , Herique Alain , Kofman Wlodek , Heggy Essam
Published: September 2015

Radar echoes from planetary sounders often contain ambiguities between surface echoes (clutter) and subsurface reflections. Such problems severely constrain quantitative data analysis especially for rough terrains. We propose a physical optics approach to simulate planetary sounding radar surface echoes to address this specific issue. The method relies on the Huygens‐Fresnel's principle which permits the recasting of Maxwell's equations in a surface integral formulation. To compute this integral, we describe the surface through a mesh composed of adjacent triangular elements for which we provide an analytical expression of the scattered electromagnetic fields. The main contribution of this work lies in the use of analytical integrals over triangular facet elements much larger than the wavelength of the electromagnetic field. Hence, the advantage of the proposed approach is its computation efficiency which reduces the computational requirements while maintaining the physical optics accuracy. This allows a systematic analysis of the continuously growing planetary sounding radar database. Equations and implementation are detailed in this paper as well as illustrations of obtained results for different instruments (namely, SHARAD and LRS). Our simulation results suggest that the method is able to accurately reproduce the observed clutter in both rough and smooth terrains of the planetary cases discussed in this paper.
Dual control of flow field heterogeneity and immobile porosity on non‐Fickian transport in Berea sandstone
Authors: Gjetvaj Filip , Russian Anna , Gouze Philippe , Dentz Marco
Published: September 2015

Both flow field heterogeneity and mass transfer between mobile and immobile domains have been studied separately for explaining observed anomalous transport. Here we investigate non‐Fickian transport using high‐resolution 3‐D X‐ray microtomographic images of Berea sandstone containing microporous cement with pore size below the setup resolution. Transport is computed for a set of representative elementary volumes and results from advection and diffusion in the resolved macroporosity (mobile domain) and diffusion in the microporous phase (immobile domain) where the effective diffusion coefficient is calculated from the measured local porosity using a phenomenological model that includes a porosity threshold (
) below which diffusion is null and the exponent n that characterizes tortuosity‐porosity power‐law relationship. We show that both flow field heterogeneity and microporosity trigger anomalous transport. Breakthrough curve (BTC) tailing is positively correlated to microporosity volume and mobile‐immobile interface area. The sensitivity analysis showed that the BTC tailing increases with the value of
, due to the increase of the diffusion path tortuosity until the volume of the microporosity becomes negligible. Furthermore, increasing the value of n leads to an increase in the standard deviation of the distribution of effective diffusion coefficients, which in turn results in an increase of the BTC tailing. Finally, we propose a continuous time random walk upscaled model where the transition time is the sum of independently distributed random variables characterized by specific distributions. It allows modeling a 1‐D equivalent macroscopic transport honoring both the control of the flow field heterogeneity and the multirate mass transfer between mobile and immobile domains.
Advances in Optical Metrology
Authors: de Groot Peter
Published: September 2015

This article reviews selected topics representative of advancements in the optical measurement of shape, texture, geometric dimensions, and position of objects, with applications ranging from stage metrology to surface texture analysis. The unifying theme of this update is the confluence of two technology trends – (1) rapidly advancing component technology, enabling high performance and new techniques and (2) expanding investment in advanced metrology for high value‐added products from consumer electronics to precision‐engineered components.
Layer‐by‐Layer Assemblies for Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis
Authors: Liu Xi Qiu , Picart Catherine
Published: September 2015

The layer‐by‐layer (LbL) technique was introduced in the early 1990s. Since then, it has undergone a series of technological developments, making it possible to engineer various theranostic platforms, such as films and capsules, with precise control at the nanometer and micrometer scales. Recent progress in the applications of LbL assemblies in the field of cancer therapy, diagnosis, and fundamental biological study are highlighted here. The potential of LbL‐based systems as drug carriers is discussed, especially with regard to the engineering of innovative stimuli‐responsive systems, and their advantageous multifunctionality in the development of new therapeutic tools. Then, the diagnostic functions of LbL assemblies are illustrated for detection and capture of rare cancer cells. Finally, LbL‐mimicking extracellular environments demonstrate the emerging potential for the study of cancer cell behavior in vitro. The advantages of LbL systems, important challenges that need to be overcome, and future perspectives in clinical practice are then highlighted.
Coupling of Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Effects: from Theoretical Analysis to Experimental Verification
Authors: Han Mengdi , Chen Xuexian , Yu Bocheng , Zhang Haixia
Published: September 2015

Both the piezoelectric and triboelectric effects can be utilized to design and realize high‐performance nanogenerators. In addition, the structures of longitudinal piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) and single‐electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) show great similarity, which may bring possible combinations of these two types of nanogenerators. Here, the first theoretical investigation of the coupling between these two effects and the corresponding piezoelectric–triboelectric hybrid nanogenerators (PE–TENGs) are presented. The output performance of PE–TENGs with different structures, polarization directions, electrode connections, and the piezoelectric–triboelectric coupling modes, are systematically studied and compared, which provides a guidance for the purposely design of PE–TENGs. Moreover, experimental measurements of different PE–TENGs are further conducted and show high consistency with the numerical results. The theoretical and experimental output of PE–TENGs both possess unique characteristics such as the dependence of configurations, the controllable enhancing/weakening trend and amplitude, and multi‐level output, which may bring brand‐new applications in the fields of antistatic protection, power supply, logic devices, and self‐powered sensors.