bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGY USING GASIFICATION OF PREPARED BIOMASS
Authors: Pianykh K.K. , Seryogin O.O. , Osmak O.O. , Kipko S.O.
Published: October 2024

The rapid growth of the part of decentralized power generation, associated with the use of renewable energy sources for its production, is one of the main directions of the modern development of power generation systems. The article summarizes the state and direction of development of the world and Ukrainian energy industry. The development of electricity generating equipment based on gas generation is briefly described. The results of the study of electricity production technology using gasification of prepared biomass are given. The technological schemes for the preparation of generator gas as motor fuel and the requirements of manufacturers for the quality of gaseous fuel in the case of its use as motor fuel in modern engines are presented. Methods of determining the content of polluting components in gas, data on the composition of condensate taken from generator gas are given. The presented scheme of gas purification is intended for the use of solid residues of the gasification process for gas purification from finished biofuel. The results of the analysis of the sorption properties of coke-sol residue and the results of gas purification using it as a filter are given. The results of the operation of the complex for the production of electricity by the gasification method are given. It is shown that the environmental indicators of the installation in terms of CO and NOx emissions into the atmosphere meet Euro-5 requirements. Bibl. 20, Fig. 4, Tab. 4.
A STATE OF ART AND PROSPECTS OF FLY ASH MANAGEMENT
Authors: Mikulionok I.O.
Published: October 2024

The basic data on the volume of formation and composition of fly ash, which is a product of coal combustion at thermal power stations, are given. The analysis of the current state of ways of managing fly ash makes it possible to distinguish the following main directions: physical-mechanical, physical-chemical, biological and combined methods of handling it, which are used in agriculture (use as fertilizers and pesticides; chemical land reclamation: regulation of the structure and pH of the soil); during earthworks (reinforcement of weak and expansive soils, use as tamponage compositions, arrangement of embankments and dams); road construction (strengthening of the soil for the lower layers of the road surface; production of asphalt, cement-concrete mixtures for arranging the foundations of road clothing, as well as crushed stone-sand and gravel-sand mixtures reinforced with cement); building materials industry (cement, concrete, building solutions, geopolymers, bricks, building blocks, glass, glass ceramics, building ceramics, porous ceramics, rolled waterproofing materials); in protective coatings (paints, enamels, enamel glass, shotcrete, heat-protective and heat-insulating coatings); as sorbents and catalysts and their carriers; in mechanical engineering (abrasive, frictional, filtering and lubricating materials, materials for soldering, foundry sand forms or rods); as other materials (pigments, polymer composites, elements of chemical sources of electric current, accumulators of certain substances, carbon nanoparticles (fullerenes, nanotubes), cosmetics and hygiene products); in pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods of recovery of chemical elements; in alloys and metal matrix composites; for extracting rare earth elements. Currently, the most appropriate methods of disposal of fly ash are either its direct use with a minimal change in its properties, or its use with minimal processing and minimization of the formation of new waste, in particular in the building materials industry and road construction. Bibl. 164, Fig. 3.
PROSPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF LOW-TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS PROCESSES FOR THE THERMAL DESTRUCTION OF HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING WASTE OF VARIOUS ORIGINS
Authors: Sezonenko O.B. , Aleksyeyenko V.V. , Trotsenko L.N. , Nazarenko O.V.
Published: October 2024

A generalized analysis of the existing methods of utilization of hydrocarbon-containing waste of various origins and practical data on the existing experience of using low-temperature pyrolysis processes for the thermal destruction of hydrocarbon-containing municipal and oil waste are presented. A series of studies of thermochemical processes of waste destruction were conducted for both municipal solid waste and industrial waste. The common feature that unites the objects of research is their wide morphology, the presence of the predominant proportion of hydrocarbons and their derivatives. To implement the process of low-temperature pyrolysis of hydrocarbon-containing waste of various origins, a universal installation with a rotating reactor is proposed. The features of its operation, technical characteristics and advantages are presented. The prospects for further development of low-temperature pyrolysis technology for the utilization of unsorted waste groups from sorting complexes are substantiated. Bibl. 30, Fig. 2, Tab. 2.
ORGANOPHILIC BENTONITES OF UKRAINE. 1. SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF PRODUCTION. THE MECHANISM OF ORGANOPHILIZATION OF THE SURFACE
Authors: Moraru V.N.
Published: October 2024

In connection with the inevitable integration of Ukraine into the EU and the discovery of new deposits of high-quality bentonite clays in Ukraine, the issues of studying, developing and industrially producing organophilic bentonites — analogues of foreign trademarks Bentone, Geltone, Petrotone — are becoming especially relevant. Without structuring additives of such bentones, the normal functioning is impossible of the most important industries: automotive, paint and varnish, petrochemical, oil producing, rubber, foundry, mechanical engineering, cosmetics, etc. This work is intended for the first time in Ukraine to lay the scientific foundations for obtaining such materials based on local mineral raw materials. For this purpose, the adsorption of a number of cationic surfactants (quaternary alkylammonium salts) on 4 montmorillonites of bentonite deposits in Ukraine and its effect on the stability, electrosurface and rheological properties of mineral aqueous dispersions were studied. Based on the obtained X-ray data and the dependences of adsorption, z-potential and yield point of dispersions on the concentration of surfactants, the mechanism of surface organophilization was clarified and optimal conditions for modifying montmorillonites for obtaining structure-forming agents for organic media were determined. It was shown that montmorillonite from the Neporotovskoye deposit is the most promising for this purpose. Bibl. 48, Fig. 12, Tab. 6.
Digital breast tomosynthesis for early detection of malignant breast microcalcification: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Showkat Mst. Syeeda , Bhowmik Bishwajit , Sultana Syeda Naheed , Shirin Mahbuba , Sharmin Shohaila , Sarkar Ashis Kumar , Chowdhury Parisa
Published: October 2024

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Early detection by screening is crucial for improved survival. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) may offer better visibility than conventional screening. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of DBT in detecting malignant breast microcalcifications compared to histopathological findings.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from July 2022 to June 2023 and enrolled 35 women suspected of having breast cancer. Each patient underwent DBT and histopathology tests. The diagnostic accuracy of DBT in detecting malignant breast microcalcifications was assessed compared to the gold standard of histopathology.
Results: The average age of the participants was 48.6 years. Palpable breast lumps (91.4%) were the most common clinical presentation. Among them, 80% had malignant microcalcifications diagnosed by DBT, primarily with linear (40.0%) and segmental (28.6%) distribution. Histopathology identified 80% of cases as malignant, with ductal carcinoma in situ (34.3%) being the most prevalent type. DBT demonstrated high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (85.7%) in detecting malignant microcalcifications, resulting in an overall accuracy of 97.1%.
Conclusions: DBT has high diagnostic accuracy for detecting malignant breast microcalcifications and can be considered a valid tool for the early detection of breast microcalcifications, particularly in the context of diagnosing breast cancer.
Transforming science literacy: assessing the ability of chemistry teacher candidates through the viewpoint of Islamic values
Authors: Wahyuni Tutik Sri , Silfianah Ifah
Published: October 2024

Science literacy assessment is important to familiarize students with literacy questions based on aspects of science knowledge and its interaction with the environment, technology, and society. Students' low science literacy is often caused by teachers' low science literacy. This study aims to analyze (1) the science literacy skills of chemistry education students in basic chemistry courses; and (2) the science literacy skills of chemistry education students based on competency aspects which are divided into three achievement indicators. This research is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, with subjects 21 semester 6 students of the chemistry education study program at UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung. The instrument used was a scientific literacy test in the form of an essay test with 22 questions which have been validated by 2 chemistry education lecturers, and the test results with a test reliability of 0.629, as well as a difficulty level of 1 easy question, 19 medium, and 2 difficult. The results showed that (1) students' science literacy skills were in the "sufficient" category with an average score of 43.9. (2) Analysis based on competency aspects shows the ability to explain phenomena scientifically and identify scientific issues is in the sufficient category, but the use of scientific evidence is low. The findings are expected to provide input to improve learning and practice of science literacy in preparing students as future educators.
Masculinity: Phallogocentrism and Performativity. A Philosophical Analysis Based on the Studies of Jacques Derrida, Judith Butler and Raewyn Connell to Counter Patriarchal Hegemony
Authors: Grandi Alberto
Published: October 2024

Feminist considerations have induced a rethinking of many aspects of our contemporary world, such as the concept of gender and power relations. This has led to a re-examination of the entire previous tradition of thought, finding in phallogocentrism the paradigm of reference. This term indicates, starting with Derrida's considerations, the Western tendency to have centred not only the logos, but also the phallus, weaving an intricate relationship between masculinity and language. It's precisely this bond that makes man the archetype on which society is founded, placing his supremacy in the natural order, defining power relations and nailing pre-established categories. A being-nailed in the Lévinasian sense, thus an adherence between the agreement of voices and being, which produces 'category-beings' in which pre-delineated social identity is concealed in a condition of 'nature', such as the 'being-male'. It's precisely this naturalness, discursively produced, that has made man universal. Consequently, man has convinced himself that he can speak for all humanity, becoming the logos through which he declines the rest. Declinations that have produced rigid and hierarchical categories that precede and define each person, prescribing 'consonant' ways, rhetorically assumed as 'human nature'. The "nature" of being man or woman does not, in fact, concern monolithic essentialisms, but rather movements of intertwined meanings in a process that Derrida defines as différance. A process, therefore, in becoming, which has over time produced unequal power relations, justifying them as "natural", and which daily reiterates a hegemonic and sexist social model. The aim of this analysis, hence, will be to bring phallogocentric masculinity and consequent hegemonic structures into the field of philosophical reflection, with the purpose of redirecting praxis towards performative processes of characterisation the person, rather than a pre-delineated categorisation. Thus, to release being from socio-cultural categories, which historical-performative praxis nails to each body.
Yves SCHEMEIL, The Making of the World: How International Organizations Shape Our Future (Opladen, Verlag Barbara Budrich, 2023)
Authors: Güneş Gülal Asiye Gün
Published: October 2024

The role of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the global system is a contentious issue. States delegate some responsibilities and in certain instances accept growing autonomy. Coalitions address complex environments, wasteful overlaps and jurisdictional trespass, turning them into productive divisions of labor. Therefore, Yves Schemeil aims to explain in his new book, The Making of the World: How International Organizations Shape Our Future, the expansion, collaboration, competition, and death of international organizations (IO), offering “a concise and topical discussion” to distinguish the book from the IOs literature.
Arda ÖZKAN and Göktürk TÜYSÜZOĞLU (ed.), Security Studies: Classic to Post-Modern Approaches (Lanham, Maryland, Lexington Books, 2023)
Authors: Meydan Vildan
Published: October 2024

What kinds of security threats do states currently face in international relations? What areas do security studies cover in the discipline? Contrary to the military security-oriented structure of the Cold War period, the new era requires a more inclusive and alternative approach to security studies due to the effects of globalization. Therefore, many areas that were seen as low politics issues in the early years of the discipline have begun to play an important role in shaping today’s international system and the security perception of states. For someone seeking to answer the above questions, Security Studies: Classic to Post-Modern Approaches, edited by Arda Özkan and Göktürk Tüysüzoğlu, is a good starting point. Within the framework of its eighteen chapters, the book is an important reference that not only deals with the classical approaches of the discipline, such as military issues, but also explores post-modern approaches and contemporary topics, such as energy, environment, migration, and so on.
Pınar BEDİRHANOGLU, Çağlar DÖLEK, Funda HÜLAGÜ and Özlem KAYGUSUZ (Eds.), Turkey’s New State in the Making: Transformations in Legality, Economy, and Coercion (London, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020)
Authors: Kavrak Nurhayat
Published: October 2024

Turkey’s political history has seen recurring shifts between democratic ideals and authoritarian tendencies, notably during the two decades of the Justice and Development Party’s (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) rule. This transition marked a departure from a relatively democratic façade that emerged in response to the European Union (EU) accession process towards a more authoritarian regime characterized by increased government control and curtailment of civil liberties. It is a shift accentuated after the 2013 Gezi protests which culminated in a significant regime change in 2018. This transformation was marked by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s consolidation of power through constitutional amendments, leading to the transition from a parliamentary democracy to a presidential system. To comprehend this transformation, it is imperative to examine the interplay between economic dynamics and the state within the neo-liberal capitalist system, aligning with Poulantzas’ observations on global trends. It can be argued that the accumulation and state crises, exacerbated by the 2008 global economic crisis, have contributed to Turkey’s authoritarian shift in parallel with global developments.
Paul D'ANIERI, Ukraine and Russia: From Civilized Divorce to Uncivilized War (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2023)
Authors: Taş Yetim Hüsna
Published: October 2024

Russia’s ongoing military intervention in Ukraine since February 24, 2022, has attracted considerable attention from International Relations specialists, analysts, intellectuals, and academics. Russia's decision to go to war has been interpreted in a variety of ways. Some scholars have linked it to the country's imperial and Soviet history (Mankoff 2022; Rojeck 2022; Trenin 2022; Timothy 2022; Van Harpen et al. 2023), while others have seen it as a deliberate distraction from internal problems (Torbakov 2022).
Mathieu SEGERS, The Origins of European Integration: The Pre-History of Today’s European Union, 1937-1951 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2024)
Authors: Zenginoğlu Samet
Published: October 2024

Looking at the history of European integration, it is well known that the post-World War II period was crucial. Although the foundations of the idea of “unity” in Europe have a much longer history, this idea took on a more concrete form in the post-war period. In this sense, the Schuman Declaration of May 9, 1950, can be considered a turning point. Apart from this step, we should of course not ignore the contribution of David Mitrany and other theoretical studies, especially those focusing on functionalism. While there is dense and comprehensive literature on the history of European integration within this framework, Mathieu Segers’ 2024 work, entitled The Origins of European Integration: The Pre-History of Today’s European Union, 1937-1951, analyzes the process from a different perspective. Focusing on the years 1937-1951, the book is almost like an archeological study. What makes it original in this sense is that it draws attention to the “American influence” in European integration, or “Americanisation” in his own words. Apart from the “Introduction” and “Conclusion”, Segers divides his work into two parts and six episodes.
Virginie Tassin CAMPANELLA, Routledge Handbook of Seabed Mining and the Law of the Sea (Abingdon and New York, Routledge, 2023)
Authors: Genç Muhammet Can
Published: October 2024

Over the last 70-80 years, historical concerns related to the exploitation and enclosure of the high seas, stemming from Grotius’ Mare Liberum, have become prominent, particularly amid rising mineral resource demand, population growth, and consumption patterns. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)1 established regulatory frameworks for all maritime zones. Consequently, the legal framework surrounding deep-seabed mining (DSM) has gained significance. The Routledge Handbook of Seabed Mining and the Law of the Sea, edited by Dr. Campanella, stands out as a recent significant contribution to this field.
Özgür ÖZDAMAR and Sercan CANBOLAT, Leaders in the Middle East and North Africa: How Ideology Shapes Foreign Policy
Authors: Ceydilek Erdem
Published: October 2024

It is almost always the case that any Introduction to International Relations course teaches the contributions of Kenneth Waltz to the field, firstly through his grandiose formulation of a theory: it should be simple, parsimonious, abstract, and accordingly, one needs to move away from reality as much as possible to increase the theory’s explanatory and predictive capacity. Moving the individual and state level of analyses aside, Waltz simplifies his theory of international politics at the system/structural level and, with his neorealist theory becoming the dominant approach for a large part of the twentieth century, it put the state in a sort of black box, purposefully ignored individual actors, and targeted the maximum degree of abstraction as possible. In Leaders in the Middle East and North Africa: How Ideology Shapes Foreign Policy, which consists of seven chapters (one introduction chapter, four empirical chapters, one theoretical conclusions chapter and one policy implications chapter), Özdamar and Canbolat aim to shed light on foreign policy belief patterns of leaders in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), highlighting divergences across them and comparing them to the average world leadership. In the process, and in total opposition to Waltz’s claim, the authors argue that advancing “the actor-specific empirical studies zeroing in on agent behaviors and decisions in the future” is “the only way for IR to establish itself as a scientific discipline” (p. 148). In other words, as opposed to the structural approaches, the authors propound that less abstraction and a more actor-specific, nuanced, and tailored approach would provide significant opportunities for the IR discipline to be scientific.
Intentional harm in marine mammals stranded dead in the Adriatic Sea, Croatia, 1990-2023
Authors: Đuras M , Kolenc M , Gomerčić T , Gudan Kurilj A , Galov A , Korpes K
Published: October 2024

Intentional harm to marine mammals refers to deliberate human actions that cause injury, suffering, or death, and it is illegal in many countries. These actions often result from direct human attacks and are motivated by various reasons, with retaliation by fishermen being the most common. Such attacks cause severe tissue damage, frequently leading to the debilitation or death of the targeted animal. In this report, we document 13 cases of intentionally harmed marine mammals: 12 bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus and 1 Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus found in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea between 1990 and 2023. Our analysis includes the life history data of the attacked specimens, post-mortem findings, and the weaponry involved. Among 311 post-mortem examinations conducted, 4.2% revealed intentional harm. Adult male bottlenose dolphins were most frequently targeted (46.2%), with a majority (53.8%) succumbing immediately due to exsanguination. Shotgun pellets, bullets, and underwater speargun spearheads were recovered from their carcasses. The attacks occurred with no discernible seasonal pattern; however, 61.5% of the cases were recorded from Istria County. Our findings underscore the inadequacy of current surveillance and enforcement in protecting marine mammals from deliberate harm. We advocate for the implementation of educational initiatives targeting relevant groups, intensive sea patrols, and routine inspection of weapons with high penalties for illegal possession and misuse, all reinforced by media campaigns to combat this malicious human behaviour.
Insights from stable isotope and fatty acid analyses on the diet of an Antarctic nudibranch
Authors: De Castro-Fernández P , Giménez J , Avila C , Cardona L
Published: October 2024

Reconstructing predator-prey interactions in a biological community provides a better understanding of species’ ecological roles and helps predict how changes in one component will affect the others. Doris kerguelenensis is an Antarctic heterobranch mollusc that feeds on sponges, according to previous gut content analyses. Here, stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (δ 13C and δ15N) and fatty acids (FAs) were used to assess the relative contribution of several species of demosponges (Axinella crinita, Dendrilla antarctica, Hemigellius pilosus, Kirkpatrickia variolosa, Mycale acerata, Sphaerotylus antarcticus, and Haliclona sp.) to D. kerguelenensis diet. Particulate organic matter and 2 macroalgae species were also analyzed to better characterize the diversity of sources fueling the food web. The δ15N values of the sponges suggest a trophic position of 2-3 for A. crinita, D. antarctica, M. acerata, and Haliclona sp. and of 3-4 for H. pilosus and S. antarcticus. Mixing models failed to resolve the nudibranch diet, either because the sponges were too enriched in 13C or because the diet-to-tissue discrimination factor values available in the literature for gastropods are unsuitable for this nudibranch species. The high abundance of bacterial FA markers in H. pilosus, S. antarcticus, and K. variolosa, and their high δ15N values, rule them out as major prey for D. kerguelenensis. The overall evidence suggests that A. crinita, D. antarctica, M. acerata, and Haliclona sp. are consumed regularly by D. kerguelenensis but do not represent its only dietary sources. Hence, the analysis of biomarkers refutes the previously established role of D. kerguelenensis as a specialized spongivore.
AI in biomarkers analysis: new horizons for personalized medicine
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Krylov A. P.
Published: October 2024

Modern medicine is increasingly focused on a personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment. This approach is based on a thorough analysis of biomarkers — objective indicators reflecting various aspects of health. Unleashing the potential of biomarkers requires tools that can effectively process and interpret large volumes of data. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are becoming increasingly popular. AI systems have unique capabilities for identifying and interpreting complex relationships between biomarkers. Examples of using AI to predict cardiovascular diseases and oncology based on biomarker data are given. AI is capable of not only finding correlations, but also studying cause-and-effect relationships, which opens new horizons in understanding the pathogenesis of diseases. AI also opens up opportunities for personalizing therapeutic interventions based on the analysis of individual patient characteristics.
Unresolved issues of comorbid pathology in minors with urogenital inflammation
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia,Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Chebotareva Yu. Yu. , Tangieva M. Yu. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia,Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Letifov G. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia,Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Petrov Yu. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia,Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Published: October 2024

A holistic approach to the problem of copious and prolonged menstruation during puberty allows adequately predicting the situation and clearly determining the direction of therapeutic and diagnostic measures. This model of protection of reproductive health of minors is based on interdisciplinary interaction. Problematic interdisciplinary issues of modern medicine include the norm and pathology of microbiocenosis of the vulva and vagina and recurrence of abnormal uterine bleeding in minors. Based on the study of modern literature data, the relationship between disorders of genital microbiocenosis and reproductive disorders in minors is analyzed. The results of scientific research, including 19 Russian and 12 foreign studies, which are presented in large scientific databases, such as eLibrary, CyberLeninka, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar, have been analyzed. It has been shown that vaginitis remains the most common disease in minors. The importance of doctor’s timely actions in the field of predicting the development of vaginitis and its timely prevention in childhood is emphasized. Dysbiotic disorders of the vaginal microbiota are one of the leading triggers of menstrual cycle formation disorders, including recurrence of abnormal uterine bleeding. The latter requires monitoring and preventive measures. The method of hemostasis must be selected individually, depending on the severity of bleeding and the characteristics of the clinical course. Combined infectious pathology is characterized by a persistent course and the interaction of mechanisms of persistence of the infectious process and justifies the need to take into account all aspects of clinical manifestations and apply a personalized approach to the complex therapy of these conditions at the interdisciplinary level.
Prospects for implementing genetic sequencing technologies in healthcare
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution «Omsk State Pedagogical University», Omsk, Russia, Yakubenko О. V. , Yakubenko Т. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Omsk State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the prospects for the development and introduction of genetic sequencing technologies into the practice of healthcare in the Russian Federation. The research is carried out within the framework of the strategic directions of scientific and technical development of the Russian Federation, outlined in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, as well as within the framework of the development of end-to-end technologies, which are specified in the Concept of Technological Development of the Russian Federation until 2030. The use of genetic technologies opens up wide opportunities in various fields of medicine and makes it possible to implement the principles of personalization, personification, and predictivity of healthcare aimed at improving the quality of medical care. The purpose of the study was to investigate the market of medical services for genetic sequencing to assess trends, prospects, and directions of its development. To conduct the study, theoretical research methods, i.e. the study of literary sources on the research problem, as well as empirical methods (questionnaires) were used. The authors developed a questionnaire examining the expectations of potential consumers of the market of innovative med ical technologies, including genetic sequencing technologies. A survey included 640 respondents living in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Belarus, etc. (a total of 13 states). The obtained data were subjected to quantitative and qualitative processing of the material. The correlation between the age, gender of the respondents, the country of residence, the level of their education (secondary education, secondary vocational training, higher education), the field of their education (medical, pedagogi cal, engineering), and their attitudes to the prospects for the implementation of genetic health technology in the coming decades has been studied. The data obtained make it possible to study the characteristics of the target audience, which is expected to reach the peak of fertility by the time of the globalization of genetic engineering, and build a model of the future consumer of medical services of genetic sequencing. The study al lowed exploring the potential of the market for medical services of genetic sequencing. The data obtained make it possible to develop methodological approaches for studying the requests and technologies for generating demand from consumers of these medical services living in Russia, the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, and members of BRICS.
Pathobiochemical effects of oligopeptides in human body
Authors:   FSBEI HE Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Boldyreva Yu. V.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of pathobiochemical effects of short peptides in the human body. Purpose of the work: to summarize and present the material demonstrating the pathobiochemical effects of oligopeptides in the human body. Methods and materials: a search of literature by Russian and foreign authors was performed; the obtained data were analyzed and summarized. Results. General information characterizing the pathobiochemical effects of oligopeptides in the human body is given. The main mechanisms of interaction of oligopeptides with cells are described. Conclusion. The biological activity of peptides is realized at various structural levels due to the physicochemical processes of interaction between oligopeptides and body cells. The high physiological activity of these molecules suggests the prospects for their fur ther use.
Structure, functions and metabolic features of the peripheral nervous system
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Tyumen State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Lukyanova E. G. , Maltseva N. G. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Tyumen State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gavrilenko E. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Tyumen State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Stepanova Yu. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Tyumen State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Among diseases of the peripheral nervous system, polyneuropathies rank second in frequency of occurrence after vertebrogenic lesions, and among all polyneuropathies, diabetic and alcoholic polyneuropathies account for more than 50 % in prevalence. Knowledge of the structure, function, and metabolic features of the peripheral nervous system is relevant and will allow using pathogenetic approaches in the management of polyneuropathy patients, improving their standard of living and quality of life.
Occupational bronchial asthma in occupational medicine: leading triggers and inducers, problems of causality
Authors:   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Babanov S. A.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of analyzing the leading triggers and inducers of occupational bronchial asthma, which is characterized by reversible obstruction and/or hyperreactivity of the bronchi, manifested by episodes of difficulty breathing, wheezing, and cough, and etiologically caused by substances affecting the respiratory tract in the work place.
Prospects for managing demographic processes from the perspective of reducing occupational risks associated with exposure to leading reprotoxicants
Authors:   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Babanov S. A. , Strizhakov L. A. ,   FSBSI Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health; FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Kazakova А. V. ,   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Agarkova I. A. ,   SBHI SR Samara City Clinic No. 1
Published: October 2024

Currently, in the context of a decrease in the working-age population in the Russian Federation associated with a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in mortality, protecting the reproductive health of the population is the crucial area of state policy that determines the national security of Russia. An important place in preserving reproductive potential and increasing the birth rate is the prevention and treatment of occupational damage to the reproductive health in women working under conditions of exposure to leading reprotoxicants. The article is devoted to assessing the role of occupational risk factors in the formation of the reproductive health of female workers.
Urolithiasis in children and adults. Pathogenetic mechanisms of development and modern approaches to its prevention
Authors:   FSBEI HE Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Letifov G. M. , Krivonosova E. P. ,   FSBEI HE Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Bryksina E. Yu. ,   FSBEI HE Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Panova I. V. ,   FSBEI HE Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Dombayan S. Kh. ,   FSBEI HE Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Davydova N. A. ,   FSBEI HE Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Published: October 2024

Urolithiasis and crystalluria rank first in the structure of pathology of the uri nary system in children and adults. Despite a significant number of publications on urolithiasis, many issues of pathogenesis, the peculiarities of the course of its various types, and, especially, the prevention of the occurrence and metaphylaxis of its relaps es require further study. The analysis of modern literary sources presented in leading search engines, Russian and European clinical recommendations on this problem, as well as the results of our own research allowed us to identify the main pathogenetic links of the most common types of crystalluria and urolithiasis. Dietary and metabolic approaches and herbal therapy are proposed for the prevention and metaphylaxis of urolithiasis in children and adults.
Oral microbiota autobacteriocins directed against pathogens of bacterial complications of respiratory infections
Authors:   FSBI St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute of Rospotrebnadzor, FSBMEI HE S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia, Kraeva L. A. , Panin A. L. ,   FSBI Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, Derevyanchenko I. A. ,   FSBI St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute of Rospotrebnadzor, FSBI Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region of Rospotrebnadzor, Eastern Branch,St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: October 2024

Recent years have been marked by a wide spread of respiratory viral infections, which are often accompanied by the development of bacterial complications. The greatest danger is posed by nosocomial strains with multidrug resistance. One of the ways to combat antibiotic-resistant strains is the possibility of using bacteriocins produced by certain bacteria that are present in the human body, food, and the environment. The most interesting are the strains of autobacteriocins isolated from the human's own normal microbiota, which does not have immune rejection. The purpose of the study: to investigate the antibacterial effect of autobacteriocins of the oral microbiota against the main pathogens of bacterial complications in respiratory infections. Six reference strains from the ESKAPE group (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.) and 18 multi-resistant strains of the same group isolated from the respiratory tract of individuals with bacterial complications of viral infections were examined. The study used bacteriological, molecular biological, and statistical methods, as well as mass spectrometric research method. The autobacteriocins isolated from Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Lactobacillus paracasei bacteria were the most effective against multidrug-resistant strains from the ESKAPE group. Notably, the concentration of bacteriocin-producing bacteria in the medium of co-cultivation was 500 and 1,000 times less than the strains against which they were directed. Suppression of the growth of multidrug-resistant strains by 2-3 times compared with the initial one was observed after 2 hours. Thus, the antibacterial effectiveness of autobacteriocins against resistant strains of bacteria isolated from the same individual suggests the possibility of a personalized approach to obtaining and using autoprobiotic strains of bacteria to combat bacterial complications of the respiratory tract.
State of the cardiovascular system in thyroid pathology
Authors:   FSBEI HE Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Shavkuta G. V. , Shnyukova T. V. ,   FSBEI HE Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Yakovleva N. V. ,   FSBEI HE Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Pakhomova V. M. ,   FSBEI HE Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Belovolova E. V. ,   FSBEI HE Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Sviridkina D. I. ,   FSBEI HE Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Stepakhina I. P. ,   FSBEI HE Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Published: October 2024

The review presents the data on cardiac damage in patients with thyroid dysfunction (hyper- and hypothyroidism). The features of cardiovascular pathology in patients with hyperthyroidism and the possibility of using certain groups of drugs (beta blockers, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants) are described. The association of hypothyroidism (including subclinical) with atherosclerosis and diastolic arterial hypertension, an increased risk of developing ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction, heart failure and cardiovascular mortality, regardless of gender, age and previous cardiovascular diseases, has been shown. Available facts indicate the need to determine thyroid hormones in patients with cardiovascular pathology and mandatory assessment of the state of the cardiovascular system in patients with thyroid pathology.
Portraits of scientists. Volya Georgievna Artamonova, RAS academician
Authors:   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Babanov S. A.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the autobiography data and the main stages of the scientific activity of Volya Georgievna Artamonova, the Soviet and Russian occupational pathologist and general practitioner, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2013, member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences since 1999), honored scientist of the RSFSR (1991).
Possibilities of using short stems of hip endoprosthesis: meta-analysis
Authors:   FSBEI HE Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Minasov T. B. , Yakupova E. R. ,   FSBEI HE Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Faizullin A. A. ,   SBHI of the Republic of Bashkortostan «City Clinical Hospital No. 21», Ufa, Yatsukova V. E. ,   FSBEI HE South Ural State Medical University, Suyunov R. A. ,   Regional Clinical Hospital, Mineralnye Vody, Matnurov D. I. ,   MSBI of the Republic of Bashkortostan «City Clinical Hospital No. 13», Ufa, Fatkullin I. Sh. ,   MSBI of the Republic of Bashkortostan «City Clinical Hospital No. 13», Ufa, Glazunov S. Yu. ,   FSBEI HE Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Mustaev U. R. ,   Veterans’ Hospital, Ufa
Published: October 2024

Short femoral stems of the hip endoprosthesis with femoral neck preservation facilitate the restoration of the anatomy of the proximal femur and the physiological biomechanics of the hip joint. The design of the stem is of particular interest as it allows for the creation of a hip joint with higher functional characteristics and increased service life of implants that are easier to replace. Neck-sparing short femoral stems achieve excellent early and mid-term results in both clinical and radiographic parameters that are functionally equivalent to conventional femoral stems. To date, the results of this meta-analysis indicate that neck-sparing stems may provide better bone mineral density maintenance than their conventional counterparts, in addition to lower incidence of hip pain.
Principles of antibiotic therapy in surgical practice. What should a practitioner not forget about?
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy - Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Maksimov M. L. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Zvegintseva А. А. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;, Shikaleva А. А. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;
Published: October 2024

The rational use of antimicrobial drugs in surgery includes the correct choice of drug, its timely administration, minimizing the duration of therapy and switching to oral forms, regular monitoring and use of microbiological research data. These principles help reduce the risk of infections, minimize side effects, and prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. This article reviews basic information about the principles of rational initiation of antibiotic therapy, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, the rational choice of an antibacterial drug, the dose of the antibiotic, the mode of administration, and the optimal therapy duration.
Prospects for using N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors:   Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, FSAEI HE V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Useinova A.N. , Vetrova E.Yu. ,   Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, FSAEI HE V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Izetova N.A. ,   Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, FSAEI HE V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Asanova U.R. ,   Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, FSAEI HE V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Mamutova F.M. ,   Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, FSAEI HE V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Mamutova E.B. ,   Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, FSAEI HE V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: October 2024

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) primarily has its clinical manifestations due to dysfunction in the glutamatergic system and modulation of inflammatory cytokines. Dysregulation of the glutamatergic system, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter system in the human brain, is directly related to the pathophysiology of OCD. Indeed, this system is critical for neuroplasticity, learning and memory, and recent studies have identified glutamatergic abnormalities in people with OCD. The worldwide prevalence of OCD is estimated at 2-3%, and this figure may be underestimated due to frequent misdiagnosis. Current first-line treatments include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). However, a significant proportion of patients remain refractory to these treatments, necessitating the search for alternative therapeutic strategies. This article examines the potential use of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an alternative treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder.