bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Back to the Future: Volf’s Eschatological Vision of Flourishing for a Psychology of Thriving
Authors: King Pamela Ebstyne , Baer Rebecca Ann
Published: February 2022

In this article, we aim to explain how Miroslav Volf’s theology of flourishing provides a new vision for psychologists. As the Henry B. Wright Professor and Founder and Director of the Yale Center for Faith and Culture, Volf is recognized as one of the most influential living theologians. His recent work offers a theology of human flourishing based in an eschatological vision of God’s homecoming, the unification of the Creator with His created. For Volf, the end provides a telos, a purpose, and direction, for current human life. He asserts that although proleptic, flourishing occurs simultaneously within the two eschatological “already” and “not yet” realities through the inbreaking of the Holy Spirit in the context of love. The true life is a life led well, going well, and feeling as God intends and is characterized by love, peace, and joy. In this article, we summarize Volf’s theology of the homecoming of God and human flourishing and bridge the disciplines of theology and psychology, by discussing how the psychology of thriving toward the telos of the Reciprocating Self provides a heuristic for psychologists. The heuristic offers psychologists a guide for research and clinical work that is aligned with Volf’s eschatological vision.
Green compounds of SBR with nanofibrilated cellulose and palm oil in replacement to traditionally compounds used
Authors: Ribeiro Willian B , Damo Thamires , Zattera Ademir J , Brandalise Rosmary N
Published: February 2022

Silica and carbon black (CB) are the most used reinforcement fillers in elastomeric compositions; however, their obtention and usage might result in environmental and human health damages. The same happens to the plasticizers used in elastomeric compounds, which contain a high content of polycyclic aromatics. To use reinforcement and plasticizer loads from natural sources, the performance of an elastomeric compound by partially replacing CB with nanofibrillated cellulose (CEL) provided with Eucalyptus spp. shavings was evaluated in this work, as well as, the use of palm oil to replace aromatic oils. Nanofibrilated cellulose was obtained by grinding in a micronizing mill. As a characterization of the raw material, the thermal, chemical and morphological properties, as well as particle size analysis of the cellulose suspension were evaluated by the particle size analyzer. From the vulcanized material, the physical, mechanical, dynamic-mechanical properties, cross-link density, and swelling index in solvents were evaluated. As the main results obtained, the presence of CEL clusters seen by scanning electron microscopy with nanofibers with diameters of 100–85 nm was observed. The dynamic light scattering particle size analyzers (DLS) showed nanoparticles from 1 to 100 nm. The rheometric properties showed lower values for the parameters of safety time, optimal vulcanization time, and maximum and minimum torques when compared to samples with CEL as CB. For tear resistance properties, samples with the presence of nanofibrilated cellulose showed 48% more resistance than samples with CB, in the modulus of elasticity, cross-link density, and swelling index, a better performance was also achieved for the samples with CEL, along with presenting a similar behavior in the hardness property between samples with the presence of nanofibrillates and those with CB. Palm oil, a substitute for aromatic oil, was found to be similar in the evaluated properties results, with interaction with CEL, by chemical affinity, which can replace aromatic oil.
The rise of research on independence referendums
Authors: Harguindéguy Jean-Baptiste , Sánchez Enrique Sánchez , Sánchez Almudena Sánchez , Cole Alistair
Published: February 2022

This study consisted in undertaking a bibliographical search within the Web of Science Core Collection from January 1900 to December 2020. A total of 637 publications were identified and divided into 9 sections tackling successively the relevance of independence referendums, the biased authorship, the definition of the phenomenon, the technical features of referendums, the elaboration of comparative datasets, the legitimacy of these consultations, the drivers leading to the organisation of independence referendums, the impact of referendums on settling ethnic violence and their capacity to favour state recognition. We affirm that those publications have advanced our knowledge about independence referendums. We also stress the persistence of a high fragmentation of authorship and approaches limiting the adoption of a common vocabulary, validation methods and consistent datasets allowing the accumulation and replication of analyses for establishing robust theories. In conclusion, we indicate some theoretical blind spots which could constitute a future research agenda.
How popular music pedagogy is integrated in the diverse environment of international school education in China: A case study in Shanghai
Authors: Quin Rhythy
Published: February 2022

In Western countries, music educators have made efforts to revitalise enthusiasm for music education by integrating more mainstream and culturally-relevant genres into their curriculum. Conversely, current research indicates that popular music pedagogy in mainland China is not encouraged and faces many obstacles, as school music education is used to promote Chinese traditional music and bolster nationalism. This qualitative case study investigates how popular music pedagogy in an international school, based in China, accommodates the diverse cultural backgrounds of its Chinese and non-Chinese students when teaching Western and Chinese popular music. For 6 weeks, I had the privilege of closely observing a music class containing a mixture of 12 Chinese and non-Chinese students at an international secondary school based in Shanghai, China. Findings revealed that students were given autonomy to engage with their preferred music genre during lessons that focused on music performance and composition. Interestingly, Chinese students gravitated towards studying C-pop on their own accord, a domestic and sanitised form of popular music. However, the study of modern popular music genres was not prevalent during the music appraisal lessons. The challenges of integrating Chinese popular music pedagogy in an international classroom setting are also discussed.
A flow-diffusion model of oxygen transport for quantitative mapping of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) with single gas calibrated fMRI
Authors: Chiarelli Antonio M , Germuska Michael , Chandler Hannah , Stickland Rachael , Patitucci Eleonora , Biondetti Emma , Mascali Daniele , Saxena Neeraj , Khot Sharmila , Steventon Jessica , Foster Catherine , Rodríguez-Soto Ana E , Englund Erin , Murphy Kevin , Tomassini Valentina , Wehrli Felix W , Wise Richard G
Published: February 2022

One promising approach for mapping CMRO2 is dual-calibrated functional MRI (dc-fMRI). This method exploits the Fick Principle to combine estimates of CBF from ASL, and OEF derived from BOLD-ASL measurements during arterial O2 and CO2 modulations. Multiple gas modulations are required to decouple OEF and deoxyhemoglobin-sensitive blood volume. We propose an alternative single gas calibrated fMRI framework, integrating a model of oxygen transport, that links blood volume and CBF to OEF and creates a mapping between the maximum BOLD signal, CBF and OEF (and CMRO2). Simulations demonstrated the method’s viability within physiological ranges of mitochondrial oxygen pressure, PmO2, and mean capillary transit time. A dc-fMRI experiment, performed on 20 healthy subjects using O2 and CO2 challenges, was used to validate the approach. The validation conveyed expected estimates of model parameters (e.g., low PmO2), with spatially uniform OEF maps (grey matter, GM, OEF spatial standard deviation ≈ 0.13). GM OEF estimates obtained with hypercapnia calibrated fMRI correlated with dc-fMRI (r = 0.65, p = 2·10−3). For 12 subjects, OEF measured with dc-fMRI and the single gas calibration method were correlated with whole-brain OEF derived from phase measures in the superior sagittal sinus (r = 0.58, p = 0.048; r = 0.64, p = 0.025 respectively). Simplified calibrated fMRI using hypercapnia holds promise for clinical application.
The association of three anatomical factors with ulnar-sided wrist pain: a radiological study
Authors: Wang Jiangtao , Yin Yu , Sun Cheng , Wu Ruimin , Luo Tao , Che Jianwei , Bu Jianli
Published: February 2022

Background

Ulnar-sided wrist pain is associated with the development of multiple wrist pathologies. But the anatomical etiologies have not been fully understood.

Purpose

To determine the association of three anatomical factors with ulnar-sided wrist pain, including ulnar variance (UV), distal ulnar volar angle (DUVA), and pisiform-ulnar distance (PUD).

Material and Methods

A total of 64 patients who had ulnar-sided wrist pain associated with training injuries were retrospectively studied. A control group included 64 healthy athletes from the same unit. The UV, DUVA, and PUD of each individual was measured on radiographs.

Results

The average UV and DUVA of those in the ulnar-sided pain group were 0.84 mm and 174.65°, respectively; the control group values were 0.39 mm and 175.11°. The differences between the two groups had no statistical significance ( P > 0.05). The average PUD of the ulnar-sided wrist pain group was shorter than that of the control group (2.37 cm vs. 2.65 cm); the difference had statistical significance ( P < 0.05). PUD had a negative correlation with ulnar-sided pain; it was an anatomical protective factor (odds ratio = 0.01; P < 0.00; 95% confidence interval=0.00–0.05). Both UV and DUVA had no significant correlations with ulnar-sided wrist pain ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion

PUD has a significant correlation with ulnar-sided wrist pain. It is the anatomical protective factor. Both the UV and DUVA have no statistical association with ulnar-sided wrist pain, but we cannot ignore their potential pathogenic effects on wrists, and further studies are needed to confirm the results.
Narrative medicine: feasibility of a digital narrative diary application in oncology
Authors: Cercato Maria Cecilia , Colella Elvira , Fabi Alessandra , Bertazzi Isabella , Giardina Barbara Giuseppa , Di Ridolfi Paolo , Mondati Mara , Petitti Patrizia , Bigiarini Liciano , Scarinci Virginia , Franceschini Alessandro , Servoli Francesca , Terrenato Irene , Cognetti Francesco , Sanguineti Giuseppe , Cenci Cristina
Published: February 2022

Objectives

We implemented narrative medicine in clinical practice using the Digital Narrative Medicine (DNM) platform.

Methods

We conducted a preliminary, open, uncontrolled, real-life study in the oncology and radiotherapy departments of Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico National Cancer Institute Regina Elena, Rome, Italy. We recruited adult Italian-speaking patients who then completed the DNM diary from the start of treatment. The primary endpoint was DNM feasibility; secondary endpoints were health care professionals’ opinions about communication, therapeutic alliance, and information collection and patients’ opinions about therapeutic alliance, awareness, and coping ability. We used open- and closed-ended questions (scores 1 to 5) and a structured interview.

Results

Thirty-one patients (67%) used the diary (84% women). Health care professionals’ mean scores for feasibility and utility were ≥4.0. Patients’ utility scores were related to health care professionals’ feedback regarding the narratives. The main advantages for health care professionals were the opportunity to obtain relevant patient data and to strengthen communication and patient relationships (mean scores 4.4–5.0). Both groups strongly encouraged introduction of the diary in clinical practice.

Conclusion

Use of the DNM in oncology patients assisted clinicians with understanding their patients experience.
Testing the Job Demands-Resources Model with Organizational Trust among Prison Staff
Authors: Keena Linda D. , Lambert Eric G. , Haynes Stacy H. , May David , Doty Patricia A.
Published: February 2022

Trust is an essential component of effective organizations and may be especially important in corrections because of the unique challenges this work environment presents. In corrections, trust in both supervisors and the administration is critical to ensuring the safety and security of staff, inmates, and the community. Previous research has revealed important implications of organizational trust, but less is known about the workplace factors that shape organizational trust. Scholars have divided these workplace factors into job demands and job resources. Using data from 322 correctional staff (both custodial and non-custodial staff) working at a large prison in the Southern United States, this study tested the job demands-resources model on two types of organizational trust – supervisor trust and administration trust. Specifically, we examined three job demands – role ambiguity, fear of being victimized at work, and role overload – and three job resources – job variety, quality training, and autonomy. Ordinary Least Squares regression results showed that workplace variables predicted both types of organizational trust and were generally stronger predictors than were personal attributes. Moreover, job resources played a greater role than job demands in shaping both supervisor and administration trust.
The financing of the fishing sector and the naval mortgage in Spain (1900–1959)
Authors: Giráldez Rivero Jesús
Published: February 2022

The literature on Spanish maritime fishing tends to have the sector really starting to prosper at the beginning of the 1960s when the new Francoist development policies and strong government financial support programmes led Spain to the position of being among the main fishing powers in the world. The objective of this article is to analyse the previous forms of financing of the activity between 1900 and 1959. First, the article deals with the constitution of naval mortgages. It then analyses the stages, intervening agents, and role of private and public initiatives, going into depth with each of the channelling organizations. Finally, in the conclusions, the main results are highlighted – namely, the withdrawal of private financing and the emergence of the state as the driving force of the fishing sector.
On the origin, foundational designs and first manufacture of the modern catamaran
Authors: Pérez Fernández Rodrigo , González Redondo Francisco A.
Published: February 2022

The complete history of the modern catamaran has not yet been written. On 25 November 1916, Spanish engineer Leonardo Torres Quevedo patented a new kind of ship, which he called the ‘Binave’, the Spanish equivalent of ‘Twin Ship’. For the first time ever, a multihull steel vessel was patented and constructed, driven by two propellers powered by two Hispano-Suiza marine engines. The location of the main engines inside each hull, as well as the propellers, was exactly the same as it is nowadays in modern catamarans. Torres Quevedo’s ‘Twin Ship’ was the first step towards a change of mentality, from the classic monohull vessel to something different. This revolution was required in order to minimize the total resistance of a ship (frictional or wave-making and wave-breaking resistance, for example) and, consequently, to be able to reach the higher speeds that are achieved today. This article traces the history of the catamaran and explains its evolution, taking into special consideration the innovations carried out by Torres Quevedo between 1916 and 1918.
When death gave way to glory: Philip Gibbs, RMS Titanic and the Western Front
Authors: Kerby Martin , Baguley Margaret
Published: February 2022

The English journalist and author Philip Gibbs established many of the mythological conventions of the Titanic sinking – the luxury of a ship believed to be unsinkable; insufficient lifeboats; women and children first; the band playing ‘Nearer, My God, to Thee’; the failure of a nearby ship to respond to distress signals; and the heroism of the doomed passengers. Gibbs’ language choices in reporting on the Titanic reflected late-Victorian and Edwardian attitudes to chivalry, heroism, masculinity and nationality. Later, as one of the most influential war correspondents working on the Western Front, he consistently drew on this same anachronistic rhetoric to describe mass industrialized warfare. In 1912, and across almost four years of war, Gibbs celebrated glory's triumph over tragedy. In this confrontation with danger, stoic endurance and acceptance of martyrdom were proof that a person was both a man and a Briton.
A novel reconfigurable parallel mechanism constructed with spatial metamorphic four-link mechanism
Authors: Jia Pu , Li Duanling , Zhang Yuankai , Yang Chao
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a spatial metamorphic four-link mechanism (SMM) based on the metamorphic universal joint is proposed. By adjusting the axis position of the universal joint, three kinds of SMMs are constructed. Each kind of SMM has different bifurcation and metamorphic characteristics. Starting from the motion characteristics of each phase of SMM based on the screw theory, a reconfigurable hybrid limb is constructed by combining it with the series branch which can provide a constraint force and a constraint couple. The constraint changes of metamorphic hybrid limbs corresponding to different phases of SMM are analyzed. This leads to the design of a new type of reconfigurable parallel mechanism (RPM), in which the platform is connected to the base by three reconfigurable hybrid limbs. The results show that the performance of the RPM can be changed from 6 degrees of freedom (DOFs) to 5, 4, and 3 DOFs.
Ethical considerations in design and implementation of home-based smart care for dementia
Authors: Hine Christine , Nilforooshan Ramin , Barnaghi Payam
Published: February 2022

It has now become a realistic prospect for smart care to be provided at home for those living with long-term conditions such as dementia. In the contemporary smart care scenario, homes are fitted with an array of sensors for remote monitoring providing data that feed into intelligent systems developed to highlight concerning patterns of behaviour or physiological measurements and to alert healthcare professionals to the need for action. This paper explores some ethical issues that may arise within such smart care systems, focusing on the extent to which ethical issues can be addressed at the system design stage. Artificial intelligence has been widely portrayed as an ethically risky technology, posing challenges for privacy and human autonomy and with the potential to introduce and exacerbate bias and inequality. While broad principles for ethical artificial intelligence have become established, the mechanisms for governing ethical artificial intelligence are still evolving. In healthcare settings the implementation of smart technologies falls within the existing frameworks for ethical review and governance. Feeding into this ethical review there are many practical steps that designers can take to build ethical considerations into the technology. After exploring the pre-emptive steps that can be taken in design and governance to provide for an ethical smart care system, the paper reviews the potential for further ethical challenges to arise within the everyday implementation of smart care systems in the context of dementia, despite the best efforts of all concerned to pre-empt them. The paper concludes with an exploration of the dilemmas that may thus face healthcare professionals involved in implementing this kind of smart care and with a call for further research to explore ethical dimensions of smart care both in terms of general principles and lived experience.
A Valid and Reliable Scale Development for Measuring HR Strategies of Start-ups
Authors: Juneja Divya , Matharu Sukhjeet Kaur
Published: February 2022

Smaller and new businesses have different approaches to handle employees as compared to big and established organisations. The same goes for startups as well. The study aimed to create a valid and reliable scale that can be used to measure the HR strategies of the startups. The scale development involved four stages majorly. It started with content validity. The second stage was to evaluate Exploratory Factor Analysis to identify the initial structure of the scale framework. The next stage was to measure the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Smart PLS 3.3 was used to measure the CFA. The last stage was to find the correlation between the item values. The final scale consists of 5 dimensions, namely induction HR strategy, performance appraisal and feedback HR strategy, employee engagement HR strategy, employee welfare HR strategy, and HR strategic fit. A total of 23 items were derived for measuring the construct. The derived scale will help the researcher to measure the HR Strategies in the Indian setting.
COVID-19 and job demands and resources experienced by nurses in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wanninayake Shalini Dananja , O’Donnell Michael , Williamson Sue
Published: February 2022

Sri Lanka has a history of successfully managing communicable diseases by utilising its extensive public healthcare network of community clinics and public hospitals. This article makes use of Job Demands-Resources theory (JD-R) to examine the impact of COVID-19 on nurses’ working conditions in public and private hospitals in Sri Lanka. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses’ job demands on public hospital wards included long working hours, limited workplace autonomy, minimal medical resources and high workloads caused by understaffing. Private hospital nurses experienced pressure from patients and their families to provide them with discounts on medical bills. Nurses allocated to work on COVID-19 wards experienced additional physical job demands from wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for lengthy periods on hospital wards in a humid climate. Nurses on COVID-19 wards also experienced increased anxiety that they could transmit the disease to family members. While nurses experienced job resources such as social support from nursing supervisors and other nurses, they reported receiving minimal training in the provision of healthcare to COVID-19 patients. This combination of high job demands and low job resources increased the levels of exhaustion and mental distress experienced by many nurses working on COVID-19 hospital wards.
Three heads are better than one: Psychiatry trainees’ experiences of a psychotherapy written case supervision group with three co-supervisors
Authors: Matta Gabrielle , Ryan Tom , Hartman David
Published: February 2022

Objective

The aim of this project was to evaluate the experiences of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) trainees in a regional centre who participated in a psychodynamic psychotherapy written case supervision group with three co-supervisors.

Method

A web-based survey was sent to RANZCP trainees. Descriptive statistics were performed, and written feedback was analysed.

Results

A total of 8 of 10 eligible trainees completed the survey. All respondents stated that the group met their training needs. The average rating of feeling understood by supervisors was 91 (maximum 100). Positive feedback was received about the variety and breadth of experience provided by the co-supervisors. Trainees felt that 1:1 supervision was important to complement group supervision.

Conclusions

The supervision group model with three co-supervisors is competently meeting the training needs of RANZCP trainees as well as providing a deep learning experience. This model may be of use in other services, particularly in regional settings.
A cost-effective computer vision-based vehicle detection system
Authors: Alam Altaf , Jaffery Zainul Abdin , Sharma Himanshu
Published: February 2022

Vehicle detection plays an important role in the development of an autonomous driving system. Fast processing and accurate detection are two major aspects of generating the autonomous vehicle detection system. This paper proposes a novel computer vision-based cost-effective vehicle detection system. Here, a Gentle Adaptive Boosting algorithm is trained with Haar-like features to generate the hypothesis of vehicles. Haar-like feature generates hypotheses very fast but may detect false vehicle candidates. The support vector machine algorithm is trained with the histogram of oriented gradient features to filter out the generated false hypothesis. The histogram of oriented gradients descriptor utilizes the shape and outlines of the vehicles, hence detects vehicles more accurately. Haar-Likes features and histogram of oriented gradients features are organized to accomplish the aspects of autonomous driving. The performance of the proposed vehicle detector is evaluated for day time and night time captured images and compared with three different existing vehicle detectors. The average precision of the proposed system for day time captured image is 0.97 and for night time captured image is 0.94. The proposed system requires 15 times less training time as compared to the existing technique for the same number of image data and on the same CPU.
In Defense of Intentionally Shaping People’s Choices
Authors: Pedersen Viki M. L.
Published: February 2022

In defense of nudging policies, proponents have pointed out that choice architecture is inevitable. However, critics have objected that shaping people’s choices in an intentional way is not inevitable and involves an objectionable substitution of judgment, with the choice architect imposing his will on others. Accordingly, the inevitability of choice architecture in general does not provide reason to accept intentional nudges. In contrast to this view, the paper argues that precisely because the choice architects will unavoidably contribute to people’s choices, it is permissible for them to consider the content of the choices that their choice architecture promotes. Specifically, I argue that it is often within choice architects’, including states’, own legitimate sphere of control whether they want to contribute to other people’s behaviors through their organization of the choice architecture. It is argued that such intentional choice architecture does not involve objectionable substitution of judgment.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Fanhdi®, a Plasma-Derived VWF/Factor VIII Concentrate, in von Willebrand Disease in Spain: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jiménez-Yuste Víctor , Alvarez-Román María Teresa , Palomo Bravo Ángeles , Galmes Bernardo J. , Nieto Hernández Maria del Mar , Benítez Hidalgo Olga , Marzo Alonso Cristina , Pérez González Noelia Florencia , Coll Julia , Núñez Ramiro , Carrasco Marina , García Candel Faustino , Gonzalez-Porras Jose Ramon , Hernández García Carmen , Varó Castro Maria José , Mir Roser
Published: February 2022

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a plasma-derived factor VIII concentrate containing von Willebrand Factor (pdVWF/FVIII) in standard clinical practice in von Willebrand Disease (VWD) patients.

Methods

A retrospective, multicentric, observational study of VWD patients treated with Fanhdi®, a pdVWF/FVIII concentrate, from January 2011 to December 2017 was conducted at 14 centers in Spain. Efficacy and safety were evaluated for acute bleeding episodes, for prevention of bleeding in surgeries, and for secondary long-term prophylaxis.

Results

Seventy-two eligible patients, type 1, 2, 3 VWD (25%/38.9%/36.1%) were treated for spontaneous and traumatic bleeding (140 episodes, n = 41 patients), to prevent surgical bleeding (69 episodes, n = 43 patients); and for secondary long-term prophylaxis (18 programs, n = 13 patients). Replacement therapy with pdVWF/FVIII showed an excellent to good clinical efficacy in 96.7% of the bleeding episodes, 100% during surgical procedures and 100% during prophylaxis. No adverse events (AEs), nor serious AEs related to the product were observed.

Conclusions

Fanhdi® was effective, safe and well tolerated in the management of bleeding episodes, the prevention of bleeding during surgeries, and for secondary long-term prophylaxis in VWD patients.
The effectiveness of telehealth programs on the mental health of women with breast cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Koç Zeynep , Kaplan Ece , Tanrıverdi Derya
Published: February 2022

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the evidence-based information and results about the effectiveness of telehealth programs on the mental health of women with breast cancer. Methods: The research process was carried out using PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials with available abstract and full text, which were published in English with the keywords “telehealth,” “telemedicine,” “web-based therapy,” “telepsychiatry,” "online therapy" and "breast cancer" in Pub Med, PsycINFO, Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Cochrane databases between 2015–2019 were searced. As a result of the evaluations, the research was completed with 16 studies meeting the research criteria. Results: There was strong evidence for reduce the fear of relapse of cancer, depressive symptoms and severity of depression, distress, intrusive thoughts, anxiety, sleep disorder, insomnia, improve quality of life and for improve cognitive functions, improve psychological strength and sleep quality of telehealth programs in women with breast cancer. Furthermore, evidence was found for increase psychological health, functionality, optimism and control over the future, positive mood and life appreciation, and drug compliance of these programs. Conclusion: This review found evidence for the effectiveness of telehealth programs on the mental problems of women with breast cancer. In this sense, it is recommended to expand the use of telehealth programs, which can save time and cost, are accessible and easily applicable by nurses, to improve the mental health of women with breast cancer, and further studies are recommended.
Synchronous and asynchronous teledermatology: A narrative review of strengths and limitations
Authors: Wang Robin H , Barbieri John S , Kovarik Carrie L , Lipoff Jules B
Published: February 2022

The policy changes prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic caused synchronous models (primarily video visits) to supplant asynchronous models (store-and-forward or shared digital photographs) as the default and predominant modality of teledermatology care. Here, we call attention to the unique strengths and limitations of these models in terms of clinical utility, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. Strengths of synchronous visits include direct physician-patient interaction and current reimbursement parity; limitations include variable video image quality, technological difficulties, and accessibility barriers. Strengths of asynchronous visits include greater convenience, especially for clinicians, and potential for image quality superior to video; limitations include less direct physician-patient communication, barriers to follow-up, and limited reimbursement. Both synchronous and asynchronous models have been shown to be cost-effective. Teledermatology is positioned to play a prominent role in patient care post-pandemic. Moving forward, dermatologists are challenged to optimize teledermatology use in order to improve outcomes, efficiency, and workflows to meet diverse patient needs. Future directions will depend on sustainable reimbursement of both teledermatology formats by government and private payers.
The role of task relevance and information credibility in adolescents’ internalization of and reliance on social media ideals
Authors: Rousseau Ann
Published: February 2022

Expanding on theory of norm internalization and literature on credibility heuristics, this study examined whether (a) peers can increase the perceived task relevance and credibility of social media ideals (i.e. appearance-related norms promoted on social media) and (b) increased perceptions of task relevance (i.e. usefulness of social media ideals for body image improvement) and credibility facilitate reliance on social media for appearance information and thin/athletic-ideal internalization. To examine these relationships, we used two-wave panel data ( Nw1 & w2 = 657) gathered among Belgian adolescents (14–18 years). Structural equation analyses indicated that peer appearance conversations were associated with increased perceived task relevance and credibility of social media ideals. In turn, task relevance and credibility were positively related to thin/athletic-ideal internalization and informational reliance on social, respectively. These findings suggest that peer conversations contribute to a positive evaluation of social media ideals and in doing so indirectly contribute to thin/athletic-ideal internalization.
Artificial intelligence and the affective labour of understanding: The intimate moderation of a language model
Authors: Perrotta Carlo , Selwyn Neil , Ewin Carrie
Published: February 2022

Interest in artificial intelligence (AI) language models has grown considerably following the release of ‘generative pre-trained transformer’ (GPT). Framing AI as an extractive technology, this article details how GPT harnesses human labour and sensemaking at two stages: (1) during training when the algorithm ‘learns’ biased communicative patterns extracted from the Internet and (2) during usage when humans write alongside the AI. This second phase is framed critically as a form of unequal ‘affective labour’ where the AI imposes narrow and biased conditions for the interaction to unfold, and then exploits the resulting affective turbulence to sustain its simulation of autonomous performance. Empirically, this article draws on an in-depth case study where a human engaged with an AI writing tool, while the researchers recorded the interactions and collected qualitative data about perceptions, frictions and emotions.
Introducing new nested absorbers with square cross-sections and optimization of their performance using Response Surface Method under quasi-static loading
Authors: Chahardoli S. , Akhavan Attar Ali , Ziaie Mehrad , Hossaeini Marashi Sayed Mahdi
Published: February 2022

Thin-walled structures with nested cross-sections have been introduced in recent years as structures with high energy absorption capacity. In this research, a new type of energy absorbers is introduced, which is a combination of two different elements which are subjected to lateral and axial loads simultaneously. The study has been done experimentally and numerically; in the numerical part, LS-DYNA software was used for computer simulations. The outer part of the introduced absorbers has square shells with a thickness of two millimeters that absorbs energy under lateral loading. The inner part of new absorbers is a shell with a rectangular cross-section that collapses under axial compression. The obtained results showed that these structures can increase the energy absorption by 36 and 32% of the total energy absorbed through each component separately. In the experimental part, the accuracy of numerical results was checked, and good agreement was observed. In the final part of this research, using Minitab software and based on the response surface method (RSM), the most optimal absorbers in terms of specific energy and maximum force were introduced.
Intimate Partner Violence and Barriers to Help-Seeking Among Black, Asian, Minority Ethnic and Immigrant Women: A Qualitative Metasynthesis of Global Research
Authors: Hulley Joanne , Bailey Louis , Kirkman Gill , Gibbs Graham R. , Gomersall Tim , Latif Amrana , Jones Adele
Published: February 2022

It is well known that victims of intimate partner violence experience numerous barriers to leaving abusive relationships. For ethnic minority and immigrant women these barriers are significantly exacerbated. This metasynthesis explored barriers to help-seeking as experienced by Black, Asian, minority ethnic and immigrant women with experience of intimate partner violence. A review of worldwide literature published in English in peer-reviewed journals on this topic from 2000 to July 2020 produced 2597 relevant articles. After removing duplicates and applying the exclusion criteria, a total of 47 articles were selected for inclusion in the review. The synthesis found that these women faced additional barriers as a result of institutional racism, immigration laws, culture and religion, and issues of cultural competence, and lack of diversity within frontline services. Such barriers, from a range of formal and informal resources, services and other mechanisms of support, served to exacerbate feelings of fear, threat, isolation and powerlessness. The barriers were also further weaponised by perpetrators in order to extend their reign of terror and control. As a result, women were caught in a double-bind – stay in an abusive relationship or face further threats and consequences if they attempted to leave. Whilst our search criteria focused on barriers to help-seeking, many of the papers included in our synthesis also explored facilitators to help-seeking, which are included in our findings and overwhelmingly relate to informal support from females.
Conducting Research Six Feet Apart: The Feasibility of Transitioning Qualitative Research to Meet the Emerging Research Needs During a Pandemic
Authors: Eigege Chinyere Y. , Daundasekara Sajeevika S. , Gomez Mayra L. , Walton Quenette L. , Hernandez Daphne C.
Published: February 2022

The county-wide lockdowns that were implemented due to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in some in-person qualitative research studies needing to be transitioned online using a video conferencing platform. However, evaluating the feasibility of transitioning an ongoing qualitative research study focused on low-income, racial/ethnic minorities had not been performed. Orsmond and Cohn’s feasibility framework was used to evaluate this study in three primary areas: recruitment capability, data collection procedures, and evaluation of relevant resources. Recruitment efforts for the in-person focus groups (January–March 2020) and online focus groups (March–April 2020), along with data collection procedures, were measured through various counts. To gauge the resources needed to transition a study from in-person to online, the administrative capacity, the space, technology, and funds necessary to support the research study were recorded. Sample characteristics were extracted from administrative and survey data. To estimate the differences in the sample characteristics, recruitment efforts and the length of the focus groups before and during the lockdown, independent sample t-tests, or proportion tests were conducted. The sociodemographic characteristics of participants pre-lockdown and during the lockdown were similar between the two groups with most participants identifying as female, Black, single, unemployed. The average number of participants recruited, confirmed, and attended per focus group, along with the total number of contact attempts remained similar before and during the lockdown. The length of the focus groups before and during the lockdown also remained similar. The in-person focus groups did require more financial resources for their successful execution than the online focus groups. It is feasible to sustain a research study focused on low-income, racial/ethnic minorities by transitioning the study from in-person to online using a video conferencing platform. This approach should be considered from the onset of qualitative research studies to increase reach to low-income, racial/ethnic minorities.
Immunohistochemical markers to diagnose primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: a meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Chen Hao , Katakura Seigo , Horita Nobuyuki , Namkoong Ho , Kato Ikuma , Hara Yu , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Fujii Satoshi , Kaneko Takeshi
Published: February 2022

Background:

Inconsistent diagnostic test accuracies of immunohistological staining for squamous cell carcinoma (SQC) of the lung have been frequently reported. There have been few meta-analyses of the diagnostic accuracies of the immunohistochemical markers.

Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following standard guidelines for systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy. Immunohistochemical markers (p40, p63, CK5/6, and DSC3) were evaluated as index tests for SQC. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was obtained by the DerSimonian–Laird variate model. Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a bivariate model. The protocol registration ID is UMIN000041664.

Results:

The meta-analysis included 85 of the 1353 first-screened articles. The total number of patients was 17,893, which consisted 6151 SQC cases and 11,742 non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer cases. The DOR was better for p40 (377, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 213–644, I2 = 0%) than for CK5/6 (120, 95% CI = 78–184, I2 = 2.5%), p63 (70, 95% CI = 55–88, I2 = 9.1%), and DSC3 (94, 95% CI = 35–250, I2 = 3.7%). Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity were followings: p40 sensitivity 0.92 (95% CI = 0.89–0.95), specificity 0.94 (95% CI = 0.93–0.96); p63 sensitivity 0.92 (95% CI = 0.90–0.94), specificity 0.83 (95% CI = 0.80–0.86); CK5/6 sensitivity 0.90 (95% CI = 0.87–0.93), specificity 0.91 (95% CI = 0.89–0.93); DSC3 sensitivity 0.81 (95% CI = 0.73–0.88), and specificity 0.95 (95% CI = 0.85–0.98).

Conclusion:

P40 had the best DOR to diagnose SQC in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Despite its lower sensitivity, DSC3 had the best specificity among the four markers and might be useful to rule-in the diagnosis of SQC.
Humour, for whom?
Authors: Kirby Philip
Published: February 2022

This commentary reflects on the gender politics of the case studies examined in Ben Gerlofs’ excellent article, ‘Deadly Serious: Humor and the Politics of Aesthetic Transgression’. In addition, it considers the innate difficulties of studying an entity (humour) that diverse disciplines have found impossible to completely define.
Integration of new digital antenatal care tools using the WHO SMART guideline approach: Experiences from Rwanda and Zambia
Authors: Muliokela Rosemary , Uwayezu Gilbert , Tran Ngoc Candide , Barreix María , Tamrat Tigest , Kashoka Andrew , Chizuni Caren , Nyirenda Muyereka , Ratanaprayul Natschja , Malumo Sarai , Mutabazi Vincent , Mehl Garrett , Munyana Edith , Sayinzoga Felix , Tunçalp Özge
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Digital tools for decision-support and health records can address the protracted process of guideline adoption at local levels and accelerate countries’ implementation of new health policies and programmes. World Health Organization (WHO) launched the SMART Guidelines approach to support the uptake of clinical, public health, and data recommendations within digital systems. SMART guidelines are a package of tools that include Digital Adaptation Kits (DAKs), which distill WHO guidelines into a format that facilitates translation into digital systems. SMART Guidelines also include reference software applications known as digital modules.

Methods

This paper details the structured process to inform the adaptation of the WHO antenatal care (ANC) digital module to align with country-specific ANC packages for Zambia and Rwanda using the DAK. Digital landscape assessments were conducted to determine potential integrations between the ANC digital module and existing systems. A multi-stakeholder team consisting of Ministry of Health technical officers representing maternal health, HIV, digital health, and monitoring and evaluation at district and national levels was assembled to review existing guidelines to adapt the DAK.

Results

The landscape analysis resulted in considerations for integrating the ANC module into the broader digital ecosystems of both countries. Adaptations to the DAK included adding national services not reflected in the generic DAK and modification of decision support logic and indicators. Over 80% of the generic DAK content was consistent with processes for both countries. The adapted DAK will inform the customization of country-specific ANC digital modules.

Conclusion

Both countries found that coordination between maternal and digital health leads was critical to ensuring requirements were accurately reflected within the ANC digital module. Additionally, DAKs provided a structured process for gathering requirements, reviewing and addressing gaps within existing systems, and aligning clinical content.
Scalable Co-presence: WhatsApp and the Mediation of Personal Relationships during the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Costa Elisabetta , Esteve-Del-Valle Marc , Hagedoorn Berber
Published: February 2022

This article sheds light on how adults in Barcelona (ES), Groningen (NL), and Milan (IT) utilized WhatsApp to compensate for the lack of face-to-face interactions and to fight social isolation during the first 2 months of the COVID-19 lockdown. We argue that practices of WhatsApp usage have multiplied and diversified experiences of co-presence at distance and made group socialities even more important than before. Building on the concepts of “scalable socialities” and “polymedia,” the article formulates the concept of “scalable co-presence” to account for ways in which WhatsApp has enabled multiple experiences of proximity to others across different scales of sociality, from one-to-one to large groups interactions. In this article, we also argue that the concept of “scalable co-presence” is relevant to bring the study of mediated co-presence out of media and migration studies into the broader field of media and cultural studies. With reduction in mobility, increased social distancing, and ubiquitous connectivity, the role of communication technologies in mediating proximity at distance has become crucial for many more people around the world outside the context of transnational migration. The concept is also relevant to acknowledge the increased importance of mediated group interactions and communications in (post)-pandemic digital societies.