bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The paleoecology of Rano Kao and the Environmental dynamics on Rapa Nui -the last 15,000 years
Authors: gossen candace
Published: July 2023

SummaryRecent Research at Ava Ranga Uka includes the coring of four water sites along an 8km long collapsed lava tube to find out if significant carbon and nitrogen relationships to drought and rainfall fluctuations could be found on the terrestrial landscape. In 2005 we conducted the first paleoecological studies using oxygen isotopes were conducted in Rano Kao and the core KAO3 produced 15,000 years of climate change cycles, periodic events and ecological changes in the forest and plant ecosystem. With this recent research we asked if the periodic water flow in Ava Ranga Uka could produce results similar to the lake water changes we discovered in Rano Kao.In 2014, four half-meter cores were taken from water pools and waterfalls near to a newly discovered water fertility site at Henua Nua Mea. Within this site were the cultural artifacts of deliberate palm tree planting within man-made water channels. Connecting the paleoecological data from Rano Kao with the carbon/nitrogen results of Ava Ranga Uka, we begin to find patterns of drought and rainfall. When radiocarbon dates are available we may find that these climate events are related to this significant cultural site and perhaps to a cyclical climate event due to return in 2027.
Emotional Event Perception is Related to Lexical Complexity and Emotion Knowledge
Authors: Li Zhimeng , Lu Hanxiao , Liu Di , Yu Alessandra Nicoletta Cruz , Gendron Maria
Published: July 2023

Inferring emotion is a critical skill that supports social functioning. Emotion inferences are typically studied in simplistic paradigms by asking people to categorize isolated and static cues like frowning faces. Yet emotions are complex events that unfold over time. Here, across three samples (total N= 584), we develop the Emotion Segmentation Paradigm to examine inferences about complex emotional events by extending cognitive paradigms examining event perception. Participants were asked to indicate when there were changes in the emotions of target individuals within continuous streams of activity in narrative film (Study 1) and documentary clips (Study 2, pre-registered, and Study 3 test-retest sample). This Emotion Segmentation Paradigm revealed robust and reliable individual differences across multiple metrics. We also tested the constructionist prediction that emotion labels constrain emotion inference, which is traditionally studied by introducing emotion labels. We demonstrate that individual differences in active emotion vocabulary (i.e., readily accessible emotion words) shape emotion segmentation performance. Our Emotion Segmentation Paradigm has the potential to advance how we operationalize and study sources of variation in emotion inference.
Hypothesis Tests Under Separation
Authors: Rainey Carlisle
Published: July 2023

Separation commonly occurs in political science, usually when a binary explanatory variable perfectly predicts a binary outcome. In these situations, methodologists often recommend penalized maximum likelihood or Bayesian estimation. But researchers might struggle to identify an appropriate penalty or prior distribution. Fortunately, I show that researchers can easily test hypotheses about the model coefficients with standard frequentist tools. While the popular Wald test produces misleading (even nonsensical) p-values under separation, I show that likelihood ratio tests and score tests behave in the usual manner. Therefore, researchers can produce meaningful p-values with standard frequentist tools under separation without the use of penalties or prior information.
Student-Centered Learning During COVID-19: Lessons from Paulo Freire and Teaching in Higher Education
Authors: Ngo Galvin Radley , Engay Davijay , Gaw Janela Leemae , Kho George Milbrain D. , Lagamon Lorenzo , Sonaco Kerima Ruth , Salamante Lars Michaelsen , Trinidad Jose Eos
Published: July 2023

Even with the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and teaching remotely, some teachers have attempted to create student-centered learning environments in their remote classes. Appropriating ideas from Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy and utilizing interviews from undergraduate students in a Philippine university, we document factors students considered crucial in promoting student-centered learning during the pandemic. First, students highlighted the importance of autonomy as teachers provided them different opportunities for learning and as students took responsibility for their time and work. Second, they noted the role of applicability as they preferred lessons relevant to their present context and useful for their future practice. Third, students emphasized the need for instructors’ availability, particularly in a remote setting where it was easy to feel unsupported and alone. These concepts align with Freire’s conception of empowering learners, creating authentic learning experiences, and forming a community of teachers as students and students as teachers.
आधारभूत तह उत्तीर्ण विद्यार्थीहरूको व्याकरणिक क्षमता {Grammatical ability of students passing the basic level}
Authors: भट्ट Bhatta महेश प्रसाद Mahesh Prasad , पोख्रेल Pokhrel कृष्ण प्रसाद Krishna Prasad
Published: July 2023

प्रस्तुत लेख व्याकरणिक क्षमताको तुलनासँग सम्बन्धित रहेको छ । यसमा सहरी र ग्रामिण क्षेत्रका विद्यालयबाट आधारभूत तह उत्तीर्ण विद्यार्थीहरूको व्याकरणिक क्षमताको तुलना गरिएको छ । यस लेखको उद्देश्य ग्रामीण र सहरी विद्यालयका आधारभूत तह उत्तीर्ण विद्यार्थीहरूको व्याकरणिक क्षमताको तुलना गर्नु रहेको छ । यसमा मूलतः क्षेत्रीय विधिबाट सामग्री सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । सामग्री सङ्कलन गर्दा प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक दुवै स्रोतकोउपयोग गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेख परिमाणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचा र उद्देश्यमूलक नमुना छनोट विधि अबलम्वन गरी तयार पारिएको छ । यसमा मूलतः कक्षा आठ उत्तीर्ण विद्यार्थीहरूको व्याकरणिक क्षमता परीक्षणका लागि ३० पूर्णाङ्कको प्रश्नावली निर्माण गरी छनोटमा परेका विद्यार्थीमा परीक्षण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट सहरी क्षेत्रका विद्यालयबाट आधारभूत तह उत्र्तीण विद्यार्थीहरुको व्याकरणिक तत्व पहिचान तथा प्रयोग क्षमता राम्रो रहेको निष्कर्ष निस्केको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखले निर्दिष्ट विषय क्षेत्रमा अध्ययन, अनुसन्धान गर्न चाहने सरोकारवालालाई सहयोग पुर्याउने विश्वास गरिएको छ ।
Pro-Poor and Gender Responsive Disaster Financing System in Nepal: A Case Study of Dhangadhi Sub-Metropolitan City
Authors: Shrestha Nabin
Published: July 2023

Nepal has made considerable progress in the formulation of disaster-resilient development policies and legal frameworks. However, how such policies have not translated into actions, and financing mechanisms, while governance too remains a prominent issue, which is less discussed in the disaster risk reduction and management sector. As the impact of disasters is disproportional to poor, vulnerable, and deprived groups of the society, disaster financing strategies must have considered pro-poor and gender-sensitive approaches to mitigate, minimize disaster risks, and develop resilient actions. But very limited studies have highlighted critical gaps in pro-poor and gender-responsive (PPGR) disaster financing mechanisms at the sub-national level. This paper draws on both qualitative and quantitative approaches to examine the disaster risk financing tools, policies, practices, and challenges of PPG Rin disaster budgeting at local levels. The study reflects that Dhangadi Sub Metropolitan City has practiced both ex-post and ex-ante-disaster financing tools to cope with the impact of disaster events. The PPG Ranalysis indicated that over three-quarters of the disaster risk reduction and management budget is indirectly gender-responsive whereas only 10per cent of the budget is directly responsive in both fiscal years (2018 &2019). Similarly, the entire disaster risk management budget is in directly pro-poor responsive. The absence of PPGR-specific guidelines, knowledge and skill gaps on the budgeting, and the lack of explicitly articulated disaster, gender, and poverty reduction targets and indicators are the main challenges hindering the implementation of a pro-poor and gender-responsive disaster financing system at the local level.
A retrospective study on bacteriological profile and antibiotics prescription practice in a tertiary level intensive care unit
Authors: Khanal Kishor , Poudel Saroj , Khadka Bikash , Ghimire Anup , Regmi Ashim , Bist Manoj , Shrestha Sanjeet Krishna
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND Antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed medicines in intensive care units (ICU). The irrational use of antibiotics leads to the development of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDR). The aim of the study is to determine the bacteriological profile of infections in our ICU and antibiotic prescription practice, before and after the culture results.
METHODOLOGY This is a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary-level, 33-bedded ICU in Nepal to evaluate the bacteriological profile and antibiotic prescription practice. The patients who were admitted between a period of 3 months (January 2023 to March 2023) were enrolled. The data variables collected were; patients' details, culture samples sent (blood, urine, endotracheal (ET) aspirate, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), wound swab, pleural fluid, ascitic fluid, tissue culture, and peritoneal fluid), gram stain results, culture sensitivity results, empirical antibiotics used, and change in antibiotics following culture results.
RESULTS A total of 378 culture samples were obtained from 230 patients. A positive culture report was obtained for 165 (43.65%) of the 378 samples sent. Urine was the most common sample sent for microbiology (28%), followed by blood (25.3%) and sputum (22.75%). The percentage occurrence of gram-negative bacteria was 84%, while that of gram-positive bacteria was 16%. Methicillin- resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus (MRCONS) was the most common gram-positive organism isolated (46.15%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common gram-negative organism (38.84%). Cephalosporin was the commonest group of empirical antibiotics used in our ICU, followed by carbapenem. Empirical antibiotic treatment was continued in 108 patients (47%), changed following the culture results in 92 patients (40%), and discontinued in 30 patients (13%). Escalation of antibiotics was done in 78 patients (85%) and de-escalation in 14 patients (15%).
CONCLUSION Antimicrobial resistance and the irrational prescription of antibiotics can lead to a global economic burden. Hence, antibiotic stewardship programs are required to reduce the irrational prescribing patterns of antibiotics.
Annulling an Annulled Annular Pancreas: A Case Report
Authors: Ghimire Subodh , Dhakal Sunil Kumar Sharma , Rai Pranil , Rai Nirvan , Mishra Rajiv
Published: July 2023

Annular Pancreas (AP) is a rare congenital developmental anomaly which results from failure of the ventral bud to rotate to fuse with the dorsal bud, resulting in a ring of pancreatic parenchyma that surrounds the second portion of the duodenum. This rare entity can be partial or complete and the partial is even rarer. Most cases manifest in the infancy but may remain asymptomatic and various nonspecific clinical manifestations are seen in adults. We report a rare case of partial annular pancreas with atrophy of body and tail of pancreas which presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and obstruction. The challenge in this case was the annular pancreas was the only functioning pancreatic tissue.
Ultrasound guided suprascapular and supraclavicular nerve block in combination with continuous perineural brachial plexus block for operative management of upper limb multiple fractures: a case report
Authors: Bhattarai Prajjwal Raj , Adhikari Hemant
Published: July 2023

We report a case of multiple upper limb fractures resulting from a road traffic accident, wherein the patient declined general anesthesia. Instead, we successfully administered anesthesia using ultrasound-guided supraclavicular and suprascapular nerve blocks, combined with continuous perineural brachial plexus block. The surgical procedure was successfully completed within six hours, and no complications were encountered.
Silver Diamine Fluoride: A Review
Authors: Osadolor Obehi O. , Osadolor Aisosa J.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND The burden of untreated dental caries among African children is high. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a simple, non- technique sensitive intervention to stop the progression of active untreated carious lesion in primary teeth among children. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) 38% solution contains 44,800 ppm fluoride ions and its stains teeth after use.

METHOD An electronic literature search in Web of science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, African journal online, Researchgate and Google was done in May,2023. Search terms and keywords were combined by Boolean operators. Two independent investigators (research assistants) screened titles, abstracts and full text of publications. The inclusion criteria were original research articles, case report, case series related to silver diamine fluoride ( human studies) conducted in African region and in electronic databases.

RESULTS Ten articles were included as they were assessed to meet the aim of the review. The study design of the articles were four invitro studies, three randomized controlled clinical trial, one randomized clinical trial, one split-mouth, self-controlled clinical trial and one split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical study. 90 % of the studies identified was conducted in Egypt, while 10 % of the studies was conducted in Nigeria.

CONCLUSION Studies on silver diamine fluoride (SDF) identified in African countries were few and restricted to few countries. Silver diamine fluoride can be used as an intervention for active and progressing untreated carious lesion in primary teeth among children though it stains teeth after use. More studies from the diverse ethnic population in Africa will contribute to the existing literature.
प्रसाईका उपन्यासमा नारीअस्तित्व
Authors: अर्याल अम्बिका
Published: July 2023

बाँच्नु केवल हिँड्नु, चल्नु, सास फेर्नु, बोल्नु, खानु, मलमुत्र त्याग गर्नु मात्र होइन, आफू को हो र धर्तीमा रहेका अन्य प्राणीका तुलनामा आफ्नो स्थान र मूल्यप्रति सजग हुनु पनि हो । तर आधा आकाश ढाकेका नारीले एक्काइसौँ शताब्दीमा पनि दमन र थिचोमिचोलाई सहस्र स्विकार्दै जिएका छन् भने कतिपयले सहधर्मी पुरुषसमान जीवन जिउन पाउने अपेक्षामा असन्तुष्टि र आक्रोशको नारा पनि घन्काइरहेका छन् । नारी भएकै कारणले उत्पीडनमा परेर आफू मानव हुनुको अनुभूतिसमेत गर्न नपाइरहेको वर्तमान परिप्रेक्ष्यमा खुलेआम सडकमा उत्रनेको जमात त थपिँदै छ, यसका लागि दमित र अमुक नारीहरूलाई सचेत बनाउने र अन्यायका विरुद्ध बोल्न प्रेरित गर्ने सशक्त कारकका रूपमा साहित्यसिर्जनाको अतुलनीय भूमिका रहेको हुन्छ । यही भूमिकामा उभिएकी साहित्यकार इन्दिरा प्रसाईका उपन्यासमा तिनै अमुक नारीका अस्तित्व र पहिचानप्रतिको सचेत आवाज कसरी बुलन्द गरिएका छन् भन्ने सन्दर्भको पहिचानका लागि सिमोन द बुभाको अस्तित्ववादी नारीवादी चेतनालाई सैद्धान्तिक आधार मानी उनका हालसम्म प्रकाशित चारवटा उपन्यासमा प्रस्तुत नारीअस्तित्वसम्बन्धी चेतनाको निरूपण यसमा गरिएको छ । नारीका पहिचानप्रतिको चेतना र पितृसत्ताको विरोध एवम् लैङ्गिक विभेदप्रतिको विरोधका माध्यमबाट नारीअस्तित्वको खोजी गरिएका प्रसाईका उपन्यासले आफ्ना अधिकार र अस्तित्वका लडाईँमा सजग बनेर नारी आफैँ नउभिएसम्म कसैले उपहारका रूपमा नारीअस्तित्व र मूल्यको हिसाबकिताब नबुझाउने अभिप्रायलाई प्रस्तुत गरेको निष्कर्ष यस अध्ययनले निकालेको छ ।
संवादशील दक्षतामा लैङ्गिक भिन्नता
Authors: पन्थ रीता
Published: July 2023

प्रस्तुत लेखमा संवादशील दक्षतामा लैङ्गिक भिन्नता विषयमा महिला र पुरुषका बीच हुने विभिन्न खालको भाषिक अन्तरमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । भाषा विज्ञान अन्तर्गत पर्ने संवादशील दक्षताको आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । समाजमा महिला सहभागिता कम र पुरुषको बढी हुने गर्दछ । यसबाट समाज विज्ञानमा महिलाहरूलाई पुरुषहरूले विभिन्न अधिकारबाट बञ्चित गरि भाषिक क्षमतामा समेत ह्रास ल्याइदिएका तथ्यहरू प्रस्तुत लेखमा उल्लेख गरिएको छ । पुरूष सहभागी क्षेत्रमा महिलाहरूलाई स्थान नै ज्यादै न्यूनरूपमा गराइ उनीहरूको भाषालाई तात्विक महत्त्व नदिइ सामान्य रूपमा लिइएको जुनसुकै पूर्वीय या पश्चिमी सभ्यतामा पाइएको छ । लिइँदैन कारण महिलाको उचित स्थान सामाजिक भेला, गोष्ठि या सम्मेलनमा दिने गरिँदैन । पुरुष ठीक कामका लागि आफ्नो बोली प्रयोग गर्दछन् र महिला अनावश्यक हल्लाखल्ला शैलीको गफ गर्दछन् भन्ने भनाइ सबैप्रकारको समाजशास्त्रमा उल्लेख भएको छ । संवादशील दक्षताको सन्दर्भमा महिला या पुरुष सँगै राखेर बोलने क्रियाकलापमा पुरुषले आफ्नो बोलाइमा हेजिङ शब्दको कम प्रयोग गरिरहेका हुन्छन् भने महिलाले भने अत्यधिक मात्रामा प्रयोग गरेर बोल्ने गर्दछन् । किनकी उनीहरूको बोल्ने, सोच्ने कलामा अनिश्चितता बढी हुने गर्दछ । महिला महिलाबिचमा हुने संवादमा भने उनीहरू शक्तिशाली भाषा र निर्देशनात्मक शैलीका अभ्यास गरिरहेका हुन्छन् भने पुरुषसित बोल्दा नरम र शालीनता प्रकट गरेर बोलीरहेका हुन्छन् ।
कुनै समाजमा पुरुषले प्राय निषिद्ध शब्दहरूको प्रयोग प्रत्येक क्षण क्षणमा बोलिरहेको पाइन्छ जस्तो पश्चिमा समाजमा गे, लेस्वियन, सेक्सुअल शब्दको प्रयोग गरेका हुन्छन् भने नेपालीमा पनि पुरुष पुरुषबिचमा निषिद्ध शब्दको प्रयोग सम उमेरका व्यक्ति व्यक्ति बीचमा सहज तरिकाले भैरहेको पाइन्छ । पुरुषहरू कसम खाने शब्द शब्दावलीको प्रचुरमात्रामा शब्द छानेर बोल्ने गर्दछन् भने महिलाहरू नरम र हेजिङ वाक्याँशको प्रयोग अत्यधिक बोलिरहेका हुन्छन् । लैङ्गिक भाषाको अन्तर दैनिक क्रियाकलापमा महिला र पुरुषको बीचमा लैङ्गिकता अनुसार हुने गर्दछ । उक्त संवादशील क्षमताको पहिचान गरि लङ्ैगिकतामा के कस्तो अन्तर परेको हुन्छ भन्नेकेन्द्रिय प्रश्नको पहिचान गरी विभिन्न सङ्कथनको प्रयोगशैली र शब्द शब्दाँशको उल्लेख गरि संवादशील दक्षताको प्रस्तुति यस अध्ययनमा गरिएको छ ।
अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखन र भाषाशिक्षणका बिच सम्बन्ध
Authors: नेपाल शक्तिराज
Published: July 2023

स्तरीय लेखाइ सिपको विकास गर्ने उद्देश्यले भाषाशिक्षणमा विभिन्न खालका लेखाइका अभ्यास गरिन्छ । उक्त लेखाइ सिपका गतिविधिहरूमध्ये अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखाइलाई लेखाइ सिपको उत्तरवर्ती चरणको क्रियाकलापका रूपमा लिइएको छ । यस लेखमा अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखन र भाषाशिक्षण बिचको सम्बन्धलाई मुख्य विषय बनाइएको छ । अनुसन्धानको पाराडाइम वा दर्शनअन्तर्गत व्याख्यानवाद नमुना वा आयाम (क्ष्लतभचउचभतष्खष्कm उबचबमष्नmक) मा आधारित यस लेखमा अनुसन्धानको गुणात्मक पद्धतिलाई अपनाइएको छ । गुणात्मक पद्धतिअन्तर्गत वर्णनात्मक र विश्लेषणात्मक ढाँचाको केन्द्रमा रहेर द्वितीयक सामग्रीका लिखित दस्तावेजका स्रोतबाट सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी विश्लेषणात्मक विधिका आधारमा सङ्कलित सामग्रीको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखन र भाषाशिक्षणका बिचको सम्बन्ध देखाउन अनुसन्धानको परिचय, अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखनको प्रकृति, विशेषता, यसका अन्तर्कथ्य, ढाँचा, भाषाका सिपमध्ये लेखाइ सिपको उत्तरवर्ती चरणको क्रियाकलापका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरी भाषाशिक्षणसँग अनुसन्धानको सम्बन्ध तथा भाषाको कक्षामा अनुसन्धानको भूमिकालाई विशिष्टीकृत र व्याख्यात्मक शैलीमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा विश्वविद्यालय तहका विद्यार्थी तथा विज्ञद्वारा लेखिएको लेखनका रूपमा अभ्यास गरिएको अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखनलाई मानक, स्तरीय, विश्वसनीय तथा वैध र वस्तुपरक लेखनका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । विशुद्ध अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखनभित्र पनि लेखनमा एकरूपता, ढाँचाबद्धता, चुस्तता र व्यवस्थितता जस्ता गुणका आधारमा मात्र यस लेखलाई परिसीमित गरिएको छ । साथै परीक्षाको उत्तर लेखनमा पनि अनुसन्धानात्मक नमुनाका सेटिङ, किनारा छोडाइ, शब्द तथा अनुच्छेद संरचना आदिमा स्तरीय र व्यवस्थित लेखन अभ्यासको विकासका लागि भाषाशिक्षणमा अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखनको अभ्यास निरन्तर गरिरहनुपर्छ भन्ने मान्यता राखिएको छ । भाषाशिक्षणलाई नै स्तरीय सिकाइ उपलब्धिका रूपमा विकास गर्न अनुसन्धानात्मक संरचनाका लिखित अभिव्यक्तिको अभ्यास गरिरहनुपर्छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । साथमा भाषाशिक्षणका सन्दर्भमा अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखनलाई स्तरीय तथा वैज्ञानिक लेखन सिपका रूपमा अभ्यास गरिने भएकाले यस लेखको उपयोगिता रहेको छ ।
On England’s Green and Pleasant Land: Matthew Paris’s Map of Britain as a Reflection of the Levant
Authors: Hrynick Tobias
Published: July 2023

In the mid-thirteenth century, the noted English Benedictine chronicler Matthew Paris produced a substantial corpus of regional maps. Especially famous is Paris’s Map of Britain, particularly the version preserved in British Library Cotton Claudius d. vi, known for its mimetic accuracy, artistic presentation, and striking level of detail. Another of Paris’s maps, however, a map of the eastern Mediterranean preserved on Oxford Corpus Christi MS 2*, though little studied, shares many of the features which made the Map of Britain so remarkable. Internal evidence strongly suggests that the Oxford Map and the Claudius Map of Britain derive from a common project which depicted England and the Holy Land as mirror images – a project which would have had profound meaning in the contemporary political context, serving to express horror at Jerusalem’s fall in 1244, articulate support for a new English-led crusade, and comment critically on King Henry III’s performative piety. The subsequent abandonment of the project is equally informative since it demonstrates that medieval maps, far from being formulaic expressions of set religious doctrine, could express political opinions so intensely topical that they could become outdated before they were even complete.
Safety Evaluation of Secretome Proteins from Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10 and Lactococcus lactis Gh1 as the Potential Antimicrobial Therapeutic Agent
Authors: Zainal Baharin Nurul Hana , Khairil Mokhtar Nur Fadhilah , Mohd Desa Mohd Nasir , Dzaraly Nurul Diana , Muthanna Abdulrahman , Mohd Hashim Amalia , Lani Mohd Nizam , Mustafa Shuhaimi
Published: July 2023

The secretome proteins of Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10 and Lactococcus lactis Gh1 were previously found to have the potential for controlling the antibiotic-resistant pathogen. Therefore, their safety evaluation to ensure consumer health is deemed important. This study was to evaluate the toxicity effect of both secretome proteins in human cells against Medical Research Council cell strain 5 (MRC5). Then, their antibacterial activities were tested in human serum to assess the stability of both secretome proteins. The results showed no cytotoxic effects of either secretome protein when MRC5 cells were treated up to the determined concentrations. Therefore, no IC50 was determined. In addition, human serum did not affect the antibacterial activity of both secretome proteins against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). In conclusion, both secretome proteins are potentially safe for future development as a potential therapeutic agent.
Halal Fermented Functional Food in Indonesia: A Review
Authors: Nurwulan  , Rusdan Ilzamha Hadijah
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, people prefer to consume foods with better nutrition to enjoy life more healthily. However, Muslims must also eat halal food following the Islamic way of life; eating nutritious food alone is insufficient. Indonesia, the largest Muslim population in the world, presents a market potential for halal food manufacturers and consumers worldwide. Several varieties of regional fermented foods were listed on the halal-positive food list and free from the requirement of halal certification, as per Indonesian Halal rules. The review of Indonesian fermented foods listed in the category of positive halal foods is the main topic of this essay. The procedures used to review the chosen themes include finding the literature in online sources, screening for topic inclusion, and evaluating, extracting, and discussing the accessible data found in the publications. The potential functional local fermented food varieties are included on the positive halal list: Tape (sticky rice and cassava), Dadih, and Tempeh. These fermented foods' microbiological and chemical characteristics were discussed. Therefore, the functional value of these fermented foods is rich in phytochemicals, anti-cancer (β-glucan), antioxidant compounds (isoflavones) and probiotic components (lactic acid bacteria and yeasts).
Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Cosmetic Products: Halal Cosmetics as an Emerging Research Area
Authors: Bahrin Nurul Izzati , Adham Khairul Akmaliah , Muhamad Nur Sa'adah , Abd Rahim Alina , Che Mohd Hashim Azreen Jihan
Published: July 2023

The cosmetics industry is one of the most lucrative and high-growing industries that are driven by science and innovation. However, there is a lack of studies that analyze scholarly articles on cosmetic products. This study attempts to bridge this gap by reviewing the existing literature, with the specific purpose to explore the trends in the publications and themes related to research on cosmetic products. To achieve this purpose, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using the R application and R-based tools. The research retrieved 613 articles on the Scopus database that used the term ‘cosmetic products’ in their titles. The study reveals that the number of articles published on the topic of cosmetic products is increasing. Two main keywords, paraben, and high-performance liquid chromatography, are the most recurring themes. Halal cosmetics were identified as an emerging research area. In relation to this context, six major topics were identified, which are: regulations for halal certification of halal cosmetics, organization control, attributes of halal cosmetics, consumer purchase, and purchase intention. Overall, this bibliometric analysis provides essential information on the current trends and themes, and provides recommendations for future research on cosmetic products.
The Effect of Using Web 2.0 Tools in Algebra Teaching on Student Success and Attitude
Authors: NAYIROĞLU Buşra , TUTAK Tayfun
Published: July 2023

This study it is aimed to examine the effect of using web 2.0 tools in algebra teaching on student achievement and attitude. The research was carried out with 42 students studying in the 6th grade of a public secondary school in Rize in the second term of the 2022-2023 academic year. In the study, in which an unequal quasi-experimental design with the pretest-posttest experiment-control group was used, there were 22 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. In the study, quantitative and qualitative research designs were used together. “Algebraic Expressions Achievement Test (CIBT)” developed by Okuducu (2020) and “Attitude Scale Towards Mathematics Lesson (MDKTÖ)” developed by Baykul (1990) were used as data collection tools. In addition, the “Semi-Structured Interview Form” developed by the researchers was used. While the lesson plan containing learning activities supported by web 2.0 tools was applied to the experimental group, no intervention was made in the control group. CIBT and MDKTÖ were applied to these groups as a pre-test before the application and as a post-test after the application. In addition, at the end of each web 2.0 tools activity, the experimental group students were given opinion forms and their thoughts were taken. As a result of the statistical studies, it was concluded that the use of web 2.0 tools in algebra teaching contributed positively to the academic success of the students and positively affected the students' attitudes in mathematics teaching. In addition, when we look at the results of the semi-structured interview forms, it is concluded that algebra teaching, which is processed with web 2.0 tools, is more fun, increases interest and motivation and is permanent.
Експериментальні дослідження ефективності очищення внутрішньої порожнини трубопроводів поршнями із гіперпружних матеріалів
Authors: Стецюк С. М.
Published: July 2023

Розглянуто проблемні питання, які виникають під час очищення систем збору газу газових родовищ очисними поршнями. Наведено вимоги, яким повинен відповідати матеріал поршнів призначених для очищення внутрішньої порожнини шлейфів свердловин від рідинних забруднень. Обґрунтовано доцільність поршні для очищення складних трубопровідних систем виготовляти із гіперпружних матеріалів. Виготовлено циліндричні очисні поршні з гіперпружних матеріалів із різними фізико-механічними характеристиками (пінополіуретан різної щільності, пінополіуретан покритий уретаном, саморуйнівна пружно-полімерна композиція, силіконовий герметик, силіконовий компаунд).Розроблено і змонтовано лабораторні експериментальні установки із скляних труб і відводів для оцінювання ефективності очищення поршнями із гіперпружних матеріалів горизонтальних і понижених ділянок трубопроводів, дослідження динаміки руху поршнів. Запропоновано технічне рішення з зміни аверсного напряму руху поршня на реверсний після проходження поршнем усього експериментального трубопроводу. Експериментально досліджено динаміку руху поршнів із гіперпружних матеріалів трубопроводами, визначено чинники які впливають на ефективність очищення. Встановлено при якій швидкості руху поршнів ефективність очищення горизонтальних прямолінійних ділянок трубопроводу є максимальною. Описано сили, які діють на поршень під час початку його руху трубопроводом, руху із сталою швидкістю, тимчасової зупинки в місці застрягання. Розглянуто основні чинники, які чинять вплив на силу тертя між поршнем і внутрішньою стінкою трубопроводу. Встановлено можливі місця і причини тимчасової зупинки поршнів із гіперпружних матеріалів у трубопроводах та негативні наслідки до яких це може призвести. Експериментально виявлено, що через усі досліджувані поршні із гіперпружних матеріалів відбувається перетікання повітря, яке подається у запоршневий простір. Таке перетікання сприяло підвищенню якості очищення трубопроводу. Надано рекомендації щодо сфери застосування поршнів із різних гіперпружних матеріалів.
Розроблення конструкції регульованого сопла Лаваля
Authors: Михайлюк В. В. , Лях М. М. , Процюк В. Р. , Дейнега Р. О. , Витриховський Є. А. , Стецюк Р. Б.
Published: July 2023

Для охолодження потоків газу в різноманітних технологічних процесах використовують різне обладнання, зазвичай теплообмінники. Однак, для роботи теплообмінників необхідне відведення тепла. У статті пропонується використовувати сопло Лаваля, де газовий потік охолоджується за рахунок фізичного явища, при якому швидкість потоку газу перевищує швидкість звуку. Однак параметри газового потоку на вході у сопло не завжди можливо регулювати, що зменшує ефективність роботи сопла Лаваля. Крім того, ефективність сопла значно залежить від зміни швидкості потоку газу у ньому. Попередній аналіз існуючих конструкцій регульованих сопел показав, що вони є складними як у виготовленні, так у експлуатації. Для регулювання параметрів роботи сопла Лаваля пропонується його конструкція із змінним діаметром внутрішнього отвору (критичного перерізу). Таке сопло можна виготовити із еластичного матеріалу, наприклад силікону, та розмістити у спеціальному корпусі, у який вгвинчується притискна гайка. При вгвинчуванні гайки відбувається деформація еластичного сопла як у осьовому, так і у радіальному напрямках. За допомогою імітаційного моделювання визначено геометричні параметри пропонованого еластичного сопла при деформації його у осьовому напрямку на величину 10 мм. Встановлено, що при цьому внутрішній отвір еластичного сопла з діаметра 12 мм зменшується до діаметра 8,54 мм. Для проведення лабораторно-експериментальних досліджень запропонованого сопла розроблено та виготовлено на 3D-принтер і прес-форму, з допомогою якої із силікону SKR-788 вилите еластичне сопло. Також для дослідження сопла виготовлено спеціальний стенд. Провівши вимірювання силіконового сопла встановлено, що його діаметр у критичному перерізі без деформації у осьовому напрямку складає 11,8 мм, а при деформації на величину 10 мм – 8,6 мм.
Експериментальні дослідження динаміки руху очисних поршнів із гіперпружних матеріалів відводами і перехідниками трубопроводів
Authors: Стецюк С. M.
Published: July 2023

Розглянуто труднощі, які часто виникають під час планування застосування поршнів для очищення внутрішньої порожнини різноманітних трубопровідних систем від рідинних і твердих забруднень. Виготовлено циліндричні очисні поршні із різних гіперпружних матеріалів (пінополіуретан різної густини, пружно-полімерна композиція, силіконовий герметик та силіконовий компаунд). Визначено значення модуля пружності на згин та розтяг матеріалів із яких виготовлено поршні. З метою оцінювання ризиків щодо застрягання, руйнування поршнів із різних гіперпружних матеріалів у фасонних елементах трубопроводів розроблено і змонтовано лабораторні експериментальні установки із скляних, металевих труб, відводів різних радіусів і кутів вигину та перехідників із більшого на менший діаметр труб. Експериментально досліджено динаміку руху поршнів із гіперпружних матеріалів відводами, перехідниками трубопроводів. Описано сили, які діють на поршень під час його руху такими елементами трубопроводів. У відводах, перехідниках трубопроводів динаміку руху поршнів визначає сила тертя між бічною поверхнею циліндричних поршнів і внутрішньою стінкою та сила інерції. Рух поршня у відводі, перехіднику сповільнювався, припинявся більшою силою тертя, яка зумовлена вигинанням, стисканням поршня. На основі аналізу динаміки руху поршнів відводами, перехідниками, аналізу сил, які на них діють, описано причини тимчасової зупинки, застрягання, механізми руйнування поршнів. Визначено можливі негативні наслідки до яких може призвести тимчасова зупинка поршнів із гіперпружних матеріалів у відводах, перехідниках трубопроводів. Одержані результат дають змогу зрозуміти закономірності руху очисних поршнів із різних гіперпружних матеріалів відводами, перехідниками трубопроводів, зрозуміти причини їх застрягання, руйнування в таких елементах.
Retracted: Optimasi Laju Produksi dengan Cara Desain Ulang Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP) pada Sumur “X” Lapangan “Y”
Authors: Prastio Eko , Agusman Abdullah Rizky
Published: July 2023

This article has been retracted at the request of publisher.Reason: This article is virtually identical to the previously published article "Peningkatan Produksi Dengan Cara Mendesain Ulang Progressive Cavity Pump (Pcp) Pada Sumur “E” Lapangan “P”” Petro:Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Perminyakan, Volume 10 No. 3 (2021), 136-143 authored by Eko Prastio, Abdullah Rizky Agusman
Identifikasi Nilai Keekonomian Survey Hidrografi-Geofisika menggunakan Peralatan Multibeam Echosounder (MBES)
Authors: Soesanto Edy
Published: July 2023

The Multibeam Echosounder is a tool for determining the depth of water by sweeping large areas of the seabed. The operating principle of this tool in general is based on the emission of pulses that are emitted directly towards the seabed and after that acoustic energy is reflected back from the seabed (seabel), several sound beams (beams) are electronically generated using signal processing techniques so that the beam angle is known. . Multibeam echosounder can produce high-resolution bathymetry data. The Multibeam Echosounder is characterized by the following parameters Frequency in the range 12 to 500 kHz. Sweep angle range is between +75 ͦto 85 ͦ, Accuracy generally decreases as swath width increases. The width of the sweep is 4x to 5x the water depth and the addition of the swath width depends on the depth of the survey. Using Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) acoustic equipment can improve data quality and the survey area coverage is able to obtain data coverage with a wider area, more detailed data as well as time efficiency and cost effectiveness..
Analisa Antrian di SPBU Pondok Ungu menggunakan Software Promodel
Authors: Prinandar Angga , Matin Rafi Hibatullah Al , Aditia Riski , Gautama Nusantara Aji Sri , Iswinirwansyah Muhammad Hafizh Fadillah , Ghifari Muhammad , Zidni  , Isnan Nugraha
Published: July 2023

Antrian merupakan sebuah rutinitas sehari-hari yang dialami hampir setiap orang. Setiap aktifitas seperti pengisian bahan bakar minyak di SPBU, ada proses antriannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menurunkan rata-rata waktu tunggu customer dalam sistem, mengurangi rata-rata idle time pada masing-masing server, dan mengurangi Panjangnya antrian dalam sistem. Karena di SPBU tersebut terdapat antrian yang cukup lama maka diperlukan perbaikan sistem antrian. Selain itu, software Promodel digunakan untuk membuat simulasi model antrian di SPBU. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dan kuantitaif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa. Pada entitas model awal hanya 40 orang sedangkan pada model baru terdapat 48 orang. Pada model awal memiliki rata-rata entitas pada lokasi sebesar 0,33 sedangkan pada model baru sebesar 0,65. Tetapi pada model perbaikan memiliki waktu rata-rata yang dihabiskan pada sistem sedikit lebih lama yaitu sebesar 0,60.
Manajemen Lingkungan dan Pengolahan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Minyak Jelantah menjadi Nilai Ekonomi di Kelurahan Kalibaru
Authors: Montororing Yuri Delano Regeant , Widyantoro Murwan , Nugroho Oki Widhi
Published: July 2023

Kelurahan Kalibaru merupakan daerah dataran rendah yang memiliki suhu cukup relatif panas yang terletak di Kota Bekasi. Penanganan sampah yang kurang optimal di Kelurahan Kalibaru dapat memberikan dampak yang buruk dan berbagai permasalahan lingkungan seperti timbulnya banjir, sanitasi lingkungan yang memburuk, turunnya kandungan organik pada lingkungan, dan mempercepat terjadinya pemanasan global. Selain kesadaran masyarakat yang masih rendah untuk tidak membuang minyak jelantah hasil dari pengolahan masakannya berpotensi besar juga untuk mencemari lingkungan. Namun bukan hanya kesadaran yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat namun juga program yang dapat mengatasi pencemaran ini dengan mengubah sampah rumah tangga dan minyak jelantah menjadi bernilai ekonomi. Melihat permasalahan di Kelurahan Kalibaru dalam pengelolaan lingkungan, maka dapat disusun program kerja yang merujuk pada program bank sampah. Tentunya untuk merealisasikan hal tersebut perlu adanya kerjasama perguruan tinggi dengan masyarakat, diharapkan program kerja ini dapat mewujudkan lingkungan yang lebih bersih, asri dan sehat.Tahapan yang akan dilakukan terkait pelaksanaan Pengabdian Kepada masyarakat mencakup tahapan Observasi & Focus Group Discussion (Tahap 1). Pada tahap ini, dilakukan peninjauan langsung untuk menganalisis Situasi dan kondisi mitra. Evaluasi program lanjutan yang sejalan dengan pengelolaan sampah melalui bank sampah dan pengolahan limbah minyak jelantah menjadi bernilai ekonomi. Tahapan 2, yaitu mengembangkan program bank sampah ini bertujuan mengubah perilaku masyarakat dalam menangani sampah dan minyak jelantah (konsep reduce reuse recycle). Dengan memisahkan sampah maka sampah ini mempunyai nilai ekonomi. Tahapan 3, berikutnya dilakukan konversi sampah dan minyak jelantah menjadi bernilai ekonomi dan mengubah sampah menjadi input perbaikan lingkungan dan mengembangkan skalabilitas bank sampah untuk bisa mengelola sampah lebih baik lagi dan mampu sustain.
Revolutionize Your Oral Care Routine - A Short Review on Toothpastes in Children
Authors: Chrishantha C. Joybell , Harini S.  , Iswarya R.
Published: July 2023

Daily tooth brushing lays the foundation for healthy teeth (along with flossing and regular dental visits). But choosing the right toothpaste during shopping can be overwhelming. Entire aisles are devoted to the many monotony varieties of this seeminglysimple tooth-cleaning pastes in grocery stores, drug stores, and just about every other kind of store. With all of these potential choices, it’s easy to get confused. The toothpaste is only part of a complete dental health regimen. Regular flossing and dental checkups are absolutely essential to maintain the health of the teeth. This article intends to throw light on the types and use tooth pastes in children.
PENERAPAN PRINSIP BANGUNAN TROPIS PADA MASJID AL MANSHUR WONOSOBO
Authors: Astuti Margaretnaning Dyah , Prianto Eddy
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Indonesia is one of the regions that has a humid tropical climate. The humid tropics are located around the equator to approximately 15o north and south. One of the public buildings that must have good thermal comfort is the mosque. In this study, the object of the mosque is used because places of worship need to consider various aspects and one of them is thermal comfort. It is intended that users can perform worship solemnly. Meanwhile, this study aims to determine whether the mosque building which has a traditional Javanese design adequately responds to local climatic conditions where traditional Indonesian buildings should have taken into account the climatic conditions of the local area. From this research also resulted that the design of the Al Manshur Mosque building has responded to the surrounding climatic conditions. This is in terms of the shape of the roof, openings that have a solar heat barrier, crossing ventilation systems, and minimal openings in the west.Abstrak: Indonesia adalah salah satu wilayah yang memiliki iklim tropis lembab. Daerah Tropis lembab memiliki letak yaitu berada di sekitar khatulistiwa hingga kurang lebih 15o utara dan selatan. Salah satu bangunan publik yang harus memiliki kenyamanan termal yang baik adalah Masjid. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan objek masjid dikarenakan tempat ibadah perlu mempertimbangkan berbagai aspek dan salah satunya adalah kenyamanan termal. Hal ini bertujuan supaya pengguna dapat melakukan ibadah dengan khusyuk. Sedangkan dari penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui apakah bangunan Masjid yang memiliki desain tradisional Jawa ini cukup merespon kondisi iklim setempat yang mana bangunan tradisional asli Indonesia semestinya sudah mempertimbangkan kondisi iklim wilayah setempat. Dari penelitian ini pula dihasilkan bahwa bangunan Masjid Al Manshur ini desainnya sudah merespon kondisi iklim sekitar. Hal ini ditinjau dari Bentuk atap, Bukaan yang memiliki penghalang panas matahari, sistem ventilasi yang menyilang, dan bukaan yang minim pada arah barat.
RE-EVALUATING USER MOTIVATION IN USING ARCHITECTURAL SOFTWARE IN EACH DESIGN PHASE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Horlanso Valeryn , Susanto Angeline , Kusuma Hanson Endra
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Digitalized era has caused design software to develop so rapidly. As a result, architects and designers are offered various choices of design software to choose from, and sometimes designers use different software on different design phases. However, the motivation of choosing a specific software in specific phases is still unknown. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the frequencies of certain architectural software usage in different design phases, along with the user's motivation in choosing the software. Qualitative method with grounded theory approach are used in the study. Data is then analysed with directed content analysis extracted from software external and internal quality in ISO/IEC 25010:2011. The result of this study reveals that in earlier (exploratory) design phases, media with high efficiency (such as SketchUp) are preferred, and later phases show a significant increase in the need for precision. Efficiency and output suitability are highly valued in architectural visualisation and presentation needs.Abstrak: Era digitalisasi telah menyebabkan software desain berkembang sangat pesat. Akibatnya, arsitek dan desainer disuguhkan dengan berbagai pilihan software desain dan seringkali desainer menggunakan software yang berbeda pada setiap fase desain. Namun, alasan memilih software tertentu dalam fase tertentu masih belum jelas diketahui. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk meneliti frekuensi penggunaan software arsitektur dalam fase desain yang berbeda, sekaligus alasan pengguna dalam memilih software tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan grounded theory. Data yang didapat dianalisis dengan directed content analysis dari ISO/IEC 25010:2011. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa pada fase desain awal (eksplorasi), media dengan efisiensi tinggi lebih disukai. Sedangkan fase akhir menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap kebutuhan kepresisian. Efisiensi dan kesesuaian outputjuga sangat dicari dalam fase visualisasi dan presentasi arsitektur.
PERBANDINGAN DAMPAK INTENSITAS PARIWISATA TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN FISIK (Studi Komparasi: Pantai Kukup Dengan Pantai Sanglen Di Kabupaten Gunung Kidul)
Authors: Rinanti Felicia Dinda Ayu , Nuryanti Wiendu
Published: July 2023

Abstract : Tourism activities are closely related to the environment, especially for impact on the physical environment, both positive and negative. The physical environment of tourism is in the form of a built area as an infrastructure that supports tourism activities which are prone to negative impacts due to the intensity of existing tourism activities. At high tourism intensity, it often has a negative impact due to the lack of good management and supervision in the tourist area. Kukup Beach in Gunung Kidul is one of the beaches that has a high intensity of tourism activity. There is also a beach next to it with low tourism intensity at Sanglen Beach. The research method is a comparative method, qualitatively by interview and observation which aims to find the relationship between tourism and the physical environmental impacts caused on Kukup Beach and Sanglen Beach, find out the physical causal factors and find a comparison of the physical environmental impacts that occur on Kukup Beach and Sanglen Beach. Sanglen. This comparison is carried out to serve as material for exploring ideas for planning tourist areas in areas that have relatively the same designation and characteristics because they are close together but have different intensities.Abstrak: Aktivitas kepariwisataan erat kaitannya dengan lingkungan, terlebih pada dampak yang ditimbulkan pada lingkungan fisik baik positif maupun negatif. Lingkungan fisik pariwisata berupa area terbangun sebagai sarana prasarana yang mendukung kegiatan wisata yang rawan pula terkena dampak negatif karena intensitas kegiatan wisata yang ada. Pada intensitas pariwisata yang tinggi sering memberi dampak negatif karena kurangnya pengelolaan dan pengawasan yang baik di area kawasan wisata tersebut. Pantai Kukup di Gunung Kidul merupakan salah satu pantai yang memiliki intensitas aktivitas kepariwisataan yang tinggi. Adapula pantai disebelahnya dengan intensitas kepariwisataan rendah berada di Pantai Sanglen. Metode penelitian adalah metode perbandingan, kualitatif dengan wawancara dan observasi yang bertujuan untuk menemukan hubungan pariwisata dengan dampak lingkungan fisik yang ditimbulkan di Pantai Kukup dan Pantai Sanglen, mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab fisik serta menemukan perbandingan dampak lingkungan fisik yang terjadi di Pantai Kukup dan Pantai Sanglen. Perbandingan ini dilakukan untuk menjadi bahan eksplorasi ide perencanaan kawasan wisata pada daerah yang memiliki peruntukan dan karakteristik yang relatif sepadan karena berdekatan tetapi memilki intensitas yang berbeda.
KOMPONEN PEMBENTUK RUANG KOTA ALUN-ALUN CIANJUR
Authors: Wibowo Heru , Marwoto Marwoto , Putra Wahyu Buana
Published: July 2023

Abstract: One of the cities having a historically significant public square is Cianjur Regency. Since the royal era, colonial era, and up to the present, the square has served as the distinguishing feature of the center of the royal authority. The layout of the square space fluctuates depending on the prevailing political ideologies. This study employs an exploratory methodology and approaches for gathering data from field observations. Cianjur Square contains seven of the eight elements that make up urban space, including: (a) changes in land use; (b) The building mass configuration is fixed and the shape of the space is no longer symmetrical like the original form; (c) Parking and circulation areas are well-organized; (d) Open space zones are effectively used; (e) Active and comfortable pedestrian paths; (f) The marker serving as the identity of the space is very thick with Islamic religious values; (g) Supporting activities that take place simultaneously and in various ways are no longer centered on the east side of the mosque, but are spread out to the north side of the open space.Abstrak: Kabupaten Cianjur merupakan salah satu kota dengan alun-alun sebagai ruang terbuka publik yang memiliki sejarah panjang. Alun-alun merupakan ciri khas sebuah wilayah pusat pemerintahan kerajaan yang memiliki makna khusus sejak zaman kerajaan, zaman kolonial sampai dengan saat ini. Settingruang alun-alun berubah dari masa ke masa, sesuai dengan kebijakan penguasa pada masanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksploratif dengan teknik pengambilan data observasi lapangan. Terdapat tujuh dari delapan komponen pembentuk ruang kota yang ditemukan di Alun-alun Cianjur, diantaranya: (a) tata guna lahan yang mengalami perubahan; (b) Betuk ruang yang tidak lagi simetris seperti bentuk aslinya, dari terpusat menjadi linier dan konfigurasi masa bangunan yang tetap; (c) Sirkulasi dan ruang parkir yang tertata dengan baik; (d) zona ruang terbuka termanfaatkan dengan efektif; (e) Jalur pedestrian yang aktif dan nyaman; (f) Penanda sebagai identitas ruang sangat kental dengan nilai religius islami; (g) Kegiatan pendukung yang belangsung secara simultan dan beragam, tidak lagi terpusat di sisi timur masjid, namun tersebar ke sisi utara ruang terbuka.