bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Trust-Based Multipath Congestion-Aware Routing Technique to Curb Wormhole Attacks for Mobile Nodes in WSNs
Authors: Mata Fortine Mwihaki , Muketha Geoffrey Muchiri , Kamau Gabriel Ndung’u
Published: February 2025

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a critical technology in diverse applications, ranging from environmental monitoring to precision agriculture. However, the inherent limitations of WSNs, such as constrained energy resources and limited bandwidth, pose significant challenges for reliable data transmission. Furthermore, the increasing vulnerability of WSNs to security threats, such as malicious node attacks and data breaches, necessitates robust security mechanisms. This paper proposes a novel composite routing technique for WSNs that integrates trust attributes and congestion-aware information to enhance network performance, security, and energy efficiency. The proposed approach leverages trust metrics to evaluate the trustworthiness of nodes based on their past behaviour, communication patterns, and adherence to network protocols. By incorporating trust assessment into the routing decision-making process, the technique aims to mitigate the impact of wormhole attacks and ensure data delivery through reliable paths. Additionally, the proposed routing protocol considers network congestion levels to select routes with minimal traffic, thereby improving data throughput and reducing packet delays. The congestion-aware component dynamically adapts to changing network conditions, ensuring efficient resource utilization and maximizing network lifetime. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed composite routing technique outperforms existing approaches in terms of packet delivery ratio by 92.1%, energy efficiency by 3.1j, end-to-end latency by 85%, route disjointedness by 88.7 and resilience to various attacks, making it a promising solution for secure and efficient communication in resource-constrained WSN environments.
Survey of Soil-Borne Pathogenic Fungi Affecting Some Vegetables in Gerio Irrigation Farm, Adamawa, Nigeria
Authors: Munira Abdullahi , I.B Chimbekujwo , Basiri Bristone , Chibuikem Anthony Anoruo-Dibia, , Nimrod Linus Yakubu , M M Abdullahi , Sesugh Amena Desmond , Zang Pam Martin
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Microorganisms abound in the soil, especially fungi that have high propensity of causing a diverse range of diseases to plants like vegetables. This study sought to establish the presence of some pathogenic fungi present in soil and vegetables grown in Gerio irrigation farm of Adamawa, Nigeria.

Methods: From this cross-sectional study, 50 grams each of 3 sets of soil samples from Amaranthus hybridus (African spinach), Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) and Sesamum radiatum (Vegetable saseme) vegetable farms totaling 450g with same sets of stunted sick vegetables to their roots were collected through stratified random sampling techniques. Soil fungi were identified using Waksman’s plate dilution method, while infected plant parts were aseptically processed and cultured on Potato dextrose agar (PDA) prior to identifying fungi using standard fungal detection techniques at Modibbo Adama University of Technology laboratory in the department of Plant Sciences, Yola from July to September 2016. Data was processed using excel and analysed using ANOVA SPSS 23.

Results: The study at Gerio irrigation site, Yola, Adamawa State, assessed soil particle types, porosity, moisture content, and fungal populations. Roselle farm soil had the highest sand content (82%), while sesame farm soil showed the highest silt (13%) and porosity (21.9%). Spinach farm soil recorded the highest particle (1.58) and bulk densities (1.45) but the lowest porosity (8.23%). Moisture content was highest in vegetable sesame farm soil (24%) and lowest in spinach soil (10%). Fungal analysis identified five species: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. Fusarium oxysporum was the most prevalent, dominating Roselle plants (58.3%) and soils. In contrast, Aspergillus spp. was rare, with A. flavus absent in spinach and Roselle soils.

Discussion: The study accentuates the impact of Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani on vegetables at Gerio irrigation farm, with roselle being highly susceptible. Poor irrigation practices could have exacerbated fungal damage, causing symptoms like wilting and root rot. Measures like crop rotation, fungicides, resistant varieties, and improved irrigation can address these problems. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding soil properties and crop-specific fungal interactions for sustainable agriculture and integrated pest management strategies.
Contextualized Guided-Audio Visual Materials for Grade 8 English Learners
Authors: Pacao Menchie P. , Pandes Maria Flora T.
Published: February 2025

This study developed and evaluated contextualized guided – audio visual materials (C-GAME) for grade 8 English learners in Lalawigan National High School. This study utilized quantitative methods with descriptive-inferential-evaluative design of research. Inferential statistics with researcher – made test and an adapted DepEd – LRMDS (Learning Resources and Management Development System) evaluation tool. Total enumeration was employed in this study which involved sixty – three (63) grade 8 learners in the locale of the study. In addition, six teachers with varied level of expertise in the district/division, specifically 1 English Head Teacher, 1 English Master Teacher, 1 EPS-LRMDS, and 3 ICT Coordinator Teachers, served as evaluators of the developed contextualized learning resources. Findings revealed that majority of the Grade 8 students had average learning proficiency in the most essential learning competencies in English 8 subject. Hence, the researcher developed contextualized learning resources dubbed as C-GAME: Guided-Audio Visual Materials in English, to address learning difficulties of Grade 8 learners. The developed contextualized learning resources or C-GAME was evaluated as highly acceptable and passed the evaluation of the experts using the standard LRMDS evaluation tool. Moreover, the utilization of the developed contextualized material improved the learning achievement of Grade 8 learners. This means the developed contextualized learning material has had a substantial impact on the academic performance of the learners. Therefore, there is a significant difference between academic performance before and after using the developed contextualized learning resource. Finally, the intervention activities proposed by the researcher addressed the least mastered competencies of Grade 8 English learners.
Financial Leverage and Systematic Risk of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Akwuobi Bridget U. , Onyeogubalu Ogochukwu N. , Okeke Onyekachi N.
Published: February 2025

The study examined the effect of financial leverage on systematic risk of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The specific objective was to examine the effect of debt to equity ratio and debt to asset ratio on systematic risk of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study utilized an ex-post facto research design. The population consisted of 44 manufacturing firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group, from which a purposive sample of 25 firms was selected. Secondary data were gathered from the annual reports of these firms for the period spanning 2012 to 2023. The hypotheses were evaluated using Panel Estimated Generalized Least Squares (EGLS). The findings showed that: debt-to-equity ratio significantly and positively affects the systematic risk of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria (β = 0.0000681, p-value = 0.0012); debt-to-asset ratio has a significant positive effect on the systematic risk of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria (β = 0.0000138, p-value = 0.0076). In conclusion, firms that choose to increase debt financing may enjoy the potential for higher returns in favorable market conditions, but this comes with the trade-off of increased exposure to systematic risk, which could translate into greater price volatility and consequently lower investor confidence. The study recommends that the Nigerian Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) should implement guidelines or monitoring mechanisms that encourage manufacturing firms to limit their overall debt levels in relation to their assets. This would mitigate the systemic risk faced by these firms and contribute to greater financial stability within the sector.
La Integración Centroamericana y el Proyecto de Tratado Marco
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: February 2025

No abstract available.ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 32, No. 339-340, 1977: 3-4.
El proceso de desintegración centroamericana
Authors: Menjívar Oscar
Published: February 2025

No abstract available.ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 32, No. 339-340, 1977: 33-44.
El convenio de Mediación entre El Salvador y Honduras.
Authors: A. T.
Published: February 2025

No abstract available.ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 32, No. 339-340, 1977: 89-90.
Recensiones.
Authors: H. O.  , J. Q.  , J. R. J.  , N. M.
Published: February 2025

No abstract available.ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 32, No. 339-340, 1977: 91-94.
Assessment of atmospheric air quality in various functional zones of the Western Administrative District of Moscow using the lichen indication method
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow State Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, Latysheva Olga , Taller Evgeny
Published: February 2025

In the city, anthropogenic pressure inevitably leads to an increase in the levels and spatial extent of adverse impacts on the natural environment. The development of effective methods aimed at regulating anthropogenic load is impossible without verified information about the state of ecological systems and trends in changes occurring in them. Such information can be obtained within the framework of a comprehensive monitoring system. An important role in this process is played by biological indication, in particular, lichen indication, which was considered as the main method of monitoring air pollution in this work. In the course of the research, the types of lichens were identified, the area of projective coverings of lichens was assessed, the tolerance index was calculated, and a comparative description of the biological diversity of lichens in the recreational, residential and industrial zones of the Western Administrative District of Moscow was given.

Keywords: ECOLOGICAL MONITORING, BIOINDICATION, LICHENS, LICHENOINDICATION, AIR POLLUTION, SULFUR DIOXIDE, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
Analysis of the trajectory of the agricultural unit
Authors:   Azov-Black Sea Engineering Institute of Donskoy GAU, Sergeev Nikolay , Lipkovich Igor
Published: February 2025

Annotation Such indicators of the unit in the yaw movement as stability, maneuverability, sensitivity to disturbing influences significantly depend on the removal of tractor tires. Meanwhile, the lateral deflection of tires, in relation to the rolling conditions of tractor wheels, when the contact imprint slides relative to the support surface, for example, when the drive wheel is slipping, has not been studied at all. As a result, significant errors are made when evaluating the removal of the driving wheels. The qualitative features of the tractor wheel plant on crushed soil ultimately significantly affect the specified dynamic parameters of the unit, the accuracy of its movement and productivity.

Keywords: UNIT, TRAJECTORY, CENTER OF MASS, WITHDRAWAL ANGLE, MOMENT OF INERTIA, DEFLECTING MOMENT
Implementation Green Accounting to Corporate Financial Performance; Evidence in Indonesia
Authors: Domineka Billy Ghozali , Ikhsan Syarbini , Yunita Khristina , Dosinta Nina Febriana , Damayanti Fera
Published: February 2025

This study intends to raise business understanding about how profits may assist the community in addition to maximizing profits, as the company's operations will affect the surroundings in which it functions. SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) statistical techniques are used in this study, which employs data from industrial businesses stated on the IDX (Indonesia Stock Exchange) during the 2019–2023 research period. The study's findings indicate that: (1) Environmental Performance is significantly and favorably impacted by Corporate Financial Performance. (2) Environmental cost can significantly and favorably impact a Corporate Financial Performance. (3) Disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility can benefit greatly from Environmental Performance. (4) Environmental Cost are unable to significantly and favorably impact Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. (5) Corporate Financial Performance is negatively impacted by the Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. (6) Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure cannot operate as an intermediary between Environmental Performance and Corporate Financial Performance in an indirect manner. (7) Corporate Financial Performance cannot be indirectly impacted by Environmental Cost when Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure acts as a mediating variable.
Exploring Job Satisfaction Among Gen Z Working Students at Widyatama University
Authors: Anggapradja Indra Taruna , Agustriyana Darwis , Faritzal Adam
Published: February 2025

This study explores the dominant factors influencing job satisfaction among Gen Z working students at Universitas Widyatama. Utilizing Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with a KaiserMeyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.877 and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity showing significant correlation, this research analyzes six key dimensions: Career Development, Compensation and Benefits, Interpersonal Relationships, Job Role, Work Environment, and Organizational Culture. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 69 working students, and results revealed a strong unidimensional structure with a single factor accounting for 68.847% of the total variance. Among the dimensions, Organizational Culture and Work Environment exhibited the highest loadings, indicating their significant roles in shaping job satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of a supportive work environment and organizational culture in enhancing satisfaction among student employees. This study suggests that institutions and employers focus on these areas to improve the work experience for students balancing academics and employment. Future research could further examine the longitudinal impact of these dimensions and explore demographic variations to develop targeted strategies for enhancing student job satisfaction.
Unraveling Employee Performance DNA: Transformational Millennial Leadership, Training, and Compensation through Motivation Hormones at the Regional General Hospital of the Regency
Authors: Bayu Muhammad , Hadiwijaya Eka , Iskandar  , Dhani Omar
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the effect of Transformational Millennial Leadership, Training, and Compensation on Employee Performance through Motivation at the Dr. Abdul Riva’i Regional General Hospital in Berau Regency. The research utilizes Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis tools with Analysis Moment of Structural (AMOS) software to analyze data from 360 respondents out of a total of 718 employees. The findings indicate that Transformational Millennial Leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through the moderating variable of motivation hormones. In other words, transformational millennial leadership, work motivation, and employee performance are closely interconnected within public organizations such as regional general hospitals.
Effect of Financial Management Practices on Performance of Commercial State-owned Enterprises in Kenya: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Kaino Bethsy J. , Kiragu Prof. David N. , Mburu Dr. Njenga
Published: February 2025

State owned enterprises (SOEs) play a significant role in most global economies, serving as key drivers of economic growth and addressing market failures. They also support the government broader agenda of improving the citizens quality of live across the key domains of United Nations 17 Sustainable development goals (SDGs), Africa Agenda 2063; the “prosperous Africa that we want”, Kenya Vision 2030; “transforming the County in key Social, economic and Political spheres”, and the 2022-2030 government agenda focusing on “five priority areas of social economic transformation of Kenya by 2030. However, approximately 70% of these commercial SOEs are loss making despite being in key sectors. The objective this study was to examine the effect of financial management practices on SOE’s performance in Kenya. The study applied a post- positivism research philosophy and a cross-section approach to descriptive research design. The sampling frame and unit of analysis was the 41 commercial state-owned enterprises in Kenya. The unit of response was 205 managers of the SOEs. A closed ended questionnaire was used to collect primary data for the predictor and a secondary data collection sheet for the target variable. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient and Bartlett’s Chi-Square from Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used to enhance construct validity. Ordinary Least Squares was used for inferential analysis after testing the data for Gaussian distribution, linearity and autocorrelation. The study found that 62.8% of the variations in SOEs performance could be explained by financial management practices and that there is a statistically significance influence of these practices on SOEs performance. These findings imply that departing from best practices in financial management practices can have a significant effect on SOE performance. Risk management policy, risks assessments, risk appetite thresholds, risk monitoring & reporting and comprehensiveness of internal financial controls are also elastic to these practices. This study recommends a focussed approach to the review and harmonization of policy/ies driving these financial management practices at entity level and attention to utilisation of technology in financial management processes so as to drive strategic performance.
The Impact of Corruption on the Human Development Index in Countries Worldwide and Policy Implications for Vietnam
Authors: Pham Hai Anh
Published: February 2025

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comprehensive measure of social development. This study examines the impact of corruption on human development in countries worldwide from 2012 to 2022, using Pooled OLS, FEM, REM models, and the instrumental variable method with robust standard errors. While several studies have analyzed the impact of the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) on the HDI, most focus on a single country or a short time frame. Additionally, the data, often sourced from articles and reports lacks recent and continuous updates, limiting the ability to analyze, evaluate, and propose effective solutions. This study contributes to the literature on factors influencing human development by incorporating macroeconomic control variables into the estimation model. The empirical analysis shows that CPI has a significant and positive impact on human development in both the short and long term. The study concludes that policymakers in Vietnam can draw lessons from global experiences to implement effective anti-corruption measures. It is crucial to focus on addressing the root causes of corruption, rather than just its effects, to improve the public's perception of corruption.
Safaricom Fibre Price Wars With Both Local and International Competitors Like Starlink and Airtel and Its Effects on Telecommunication Industry in Kenya
Authors: Otieno Benard Omondi
Published: February 2025

The telecommunications industry in Kenya has witnessed intensified competition, particularly in the fibre-to-home broadband segment, driven by Safaricom’s rivalry with both local players like Airtel and international entrants such as Starlink. This study examines the dynamics of the Safaricom Fibre price wars and their implications for the industry, focusing on consumer satisfaction, service quality, and market sustainability. The research identifies key factors influencing this competition, including Safaricom's position as a market leader, Airtel's costcompetitive fibre offerings, and Starlink's satellite-based internet, which uniquely targets underserved rural areas. Utilizing theoretical frameworks such as Porter’s Five Forces, Game Theory, Diffusion of Innovation Theory, and Price Leadership Theory, the study contextualizes the strategic responses of these players within a rapidly evolving market. Empirical evidence highlights a shift in consumer behavior, with affordability surpassing service reliability as a priority for many users. This is reflected in Safaricom’s 15% increase in customer churn in 2023, driven by the appeal of competitors’ pricing and service options. The findings reveal that Safaricom has adapted through aggressive pricing strategies, enhanced service quality, and value-added bundles, yet it faces challenges in maintaining profitability and sustaining service quality amidst reduced pricing. Starlink has introduced a disruptive innovation with its satellitebased technology, appealing to rural demographics previously excluded from fibre connectivity, while Airtel continues to erode Safaricom's market share in urban areas with lower-cost packages.
Green Economic Development – Measures for Sustainable Development for Vietnam
Authors: Thi Bao Khanh Tran , Thi Thu Hang Nguyen
Published: February 2025

Along with the goal by 2030, Vietnam will basically become a modern industrialized country, in which a number of industries with international competitiveness and deep participation in the global value chain have increased. pressure on the environment and natural resources. Therefore, green economic development is an inevitable trend, both ensuring the goal of economic modernization, environmentally sustainable development and enhancing the ability to respond to climate change. The article points out the urgency of green economic development for sustainable development in Vietnam today, but still faces many challenges. From there, suggest some solutions to help promote the green economy in Vietnam in a sustainable way.
Collaborative Governance Strategis for Enhancing Fisheries State Income at Jakarta Nizam Zach man Oceanic Fishing Port
Authors: Wijayanti Yulia , Fathurrahman Reza
Published: February 2025

As the second maritime country with the largest fishing potential in the world, Indonesia's marine and fisheries sectors have not contributed optimally to state revenue. Based on the 2021 annual report of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF), revenue from the fisheries sector was only 7.6 percent of GDP. In 2022, GDP growth in the fisheries sub-sector decrease by 2.79 percent. This research will analyze how commercial functions of fishing port can provide larger contributions to non-tax revenues for the maritime and fisheries sector and better quality of public service through a collaborative governance model grounded in Anshell and Gash's theory. This includes components like facilitative leadership, institutional design, and collaborative processes. This research will take a post-positivist methodological approach and utilize qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews and document analysis. The study found that facilitative leadership and institutional design have a significant impact on collaborative processes and help achieve intended goals. The results also indicate that each commercial function through collaboration is estimated to increase non-tax state revenues. This rise in revenue is expected to positively impact the quality of public services provided.
Top Management Team Heterogeneity and Corporate ESG Performance: Evidence from China
Authors: Yupeng Hu
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the connection between Top Management Team (TMT) heterogeneity and Environment, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) performance, employing data from China’s A-share listed companies spanning 2011 to 2022. The multiple linear regression models’ findings suggest that TMT heterogeneity can significantly promote corporate ESG performance. Investor attention has a significantly positive moderating effect on the connection between TMT heterogeneity and corporate ESG performance. Further analysis indicates that the impact of TMT heterogeneity on a firm’s ESG performance exists in property rights and regional heterogeneity. This study has implications for improving enterprise ESG performance in emerging market countries.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Sikap Kepatuhan Pengunjung Laki-Laki dalam Implementasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok di Rawat Inap Kelas Tiga Bedah Rumah Sakit Subulussalam Tahun 2024
Authors: Nuraimah Nuraimah , Safrizal Safrizal , Wintah Wintah , Kiswanto Kiswanto , Boy Chandra Siahaan Perry
Published: February 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu sebagai evaluasi asosiasi antara taraf sikap dan pengetahuan dalam implementasi kawasan tanpa rokok di ruang rawat inap kelas III Bedah Rumah Sakit Subulussalam. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan sampel 100 responden pengunjung laki-laki di kawasan rawat inap. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan metode cross-sectional. Hasil temuan memperlihatkan yaitu tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan dari sikap pengunjung laki laki dalam implementasi kawasan tanpa rokok di rumah sakit dengan nilai p-value = 0.598 > 0,05. Meskipun sikap responden positif akan peraturan kawasan tanpa rokok, hal ini tidak selalu berhubungan dengan tingkat pengetahuan mereka tentang peraturan tersebut secara spesifik. Terdapat aspek-aspek lain yang mungkin memiliki dominan yang lebih dalam membentuk sikap positif mereka. Oleh karena itu, disarankan perlunya upaya penyuluhan dan edukasi yang lebih intensif mengenai bahaya merokok dan manfaat kawasan tanpa rokok kepada pengunjung rumah sakit. Selain itu, pentingnya pembentukan sikap positif terhadap kebijakan kawasan tanpa rokok melalui menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung dan mempromosikan nilai-nilai kesehatan. Penguatan kebijakan internal rumah sakit terkait kawasan tanpa rokok, seperti pengawasan dan sanksi terhadap pelanggaran aturan, juga diperlukan.
KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK AMOXICILLIN DAN COTRIMOXAZOLE PADA PASIEN DIARE PEDIATRIK DI KLINIK JEDDAH MAKASSAR
Authors: Edy Paturusi Andi Armisman , Mutmainnah Mutmainnah , Salman Salman
Published: February 2025

Diare merupakan penyebab kematian kedua terbanyak setelah pneumonia pada anak di bawah usia 5 tahun, dengan menyumbang sekitar 9% dari total kematian akibat diare. Pengobatan diare sering kali menggunakan antibiotik, namun pemberian terapi antibiotik yang tidak tepat pada pasien anak dengan diare akut masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penggunaan antibiotik amoksisilin dan kotrimoksazol pada pasien pediatrik dengan diare di Klinik Jeddah Makassar. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode observasional selama bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2023, dengan data diambil dari rekam medis sebanyak 48 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua antibiotik yang paling sering digunakan adalah kotrimoksazol sebanyak 42 pasien (87,5%) dan amoksisilin sebanyak 6 pasien (12,5%). Penggunaan antibiotik yang sesuai tercatat pada 32 pasien (66,7%), sementara penggunaan yang tidak sesuai ditemukan pada 16 pasien (33,3%). Ketidaksesuaian tersebut meliputi 7 (14,58%)  kasus dosis berlebih dan 9 (18,75%)  kasus dosis kurang untuk kotrimoksazol, sedangkan penggunaan amoksisilin seluruhnya sesuai. Peresepan antibiotik pada anak dengan diare akut memerlukan perhatian lebih, terutama untuk memastikan indikasi yang tepat dalam penggunaannya.
FORMULASI GEL EKSTRAK DAUN KITOLOD (Isotoma longiflora L.) MENGGUNAKAN BASIS HPMC DAN UJI EFEK ANTIINFLAMASI TERHADAP MENCIT (Mus musculus)
Authors: Buang Ariyani , Ishak Pertiwi , Maya Esti Nur
Published: February 2025

Antiinflamasi merupakan obat yang memiliki aktivitas menekan atau mengurangi peradangan. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki efek antiinflamasi yaitu tanaman kitolod (Isotoma longiflora L.). Kandungan flavonoid, saponin dan alkaloid yang terdapat pada daun kitoloid memiliki efek antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasikan ekstrak daun kitolod (Isotoma longiflora L.) menjadi sediaan gel dengan basis HPMC dengan mutu fisik yang baik dan mengetahui efek antiinflamasi terhadap mencit (Mus musculus). Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design. Daun kitoloid diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 70% selanjutnya ekstrak daun kitoloid konsentrasi 40% diformulasi jadi sediaan gel dalam 6 kelompok dengan variasi HPMC untuk FI 5%b/v;FII 7%b/v;FIII 9%b/V, sedangkan FIV;FV dan FVI sebagai kontrol negatif. Gel diuji mutu fisiknya meliputi : organoleptik,homogenitas, daya sebar, daya lekat, viskositas selanjutnya diuji efek antiinflamasinya sebagai kontrol positif adalah gel Voltadex. Telapak kaki mencit disuntikan larutan karagenan 1% sebanyak 0,1 ml pada area intraplantar. Pengukuran udem menggunakan alat pletismometer. Data mutu fisik gel dianalisis statistik Uji Paired t-Test, Anova dan Uji lanjutan Post-hoc Tukey untuk uji antiinflamasi. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa : ekstrak etanol Daun Kitoloid 40 % b/v dapat diformulasi menjadi sediaan gel menggunakan basis HPMC konsentrasi FI (5 %); FII (7%) dan FIII (9 %) yang memenuhi syarat mutu fisik sediaan gel meliputi : organoleptik, homogenitas, daya sebar, viskositas tetapi tidak memenuhi syarat uji daya lekat. Gel ekstrak etanol Daun Kitoloid 40 % b/v dengan konsentrasi HPMC 9 % (FIII) memiliki efek inflamasi terbaik dengan penurunan volume udema 83,33 % tetapi efeknya masih lebih rendah dibanding gel Voltadex dengan penurunan volume udema 83,33 %
E-Ligtas: “A Reporting System for Child at Risk Cases for the MSWDO in Bani, Pangasinan”
Authors: Gemma Rose L. Taipan  , Ruissan A. Ramos  , Dane Josef B. Ramos  , Mary Joy B. Erum  , Jovy L. Castañeda
Published: February 2025

Abstract – Child protection and well-being are subjects close to the heart of many communities across the globe, with awareness of abuse, neglect, and rape cases on the rise. In Bani, Pangasinan, child protection remains challenging for the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office (MSWDO), primarily due to personnel constraints and the manual paper-based reporting process. This paper describes the design and development of E-Ligtas: A Reporting System for Child at Risk Cases for the MSWDO in Bani, Pangasinan, to help the MSWDO staff in gathering reports efficiently. The system features Case Reporting, a Case Status Tracker, a Homepage for Information Dissemination, and Case Tally by Barangay, improving accuracy in data and response time. This research used developmental and descriptive strategy, including system usability testing through a survey questionnaire distributed to MSWDO personnel. Using a web-based platform and mobile-responsive reporting would enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of child protection processes, reducing manual methods. E-Ligtas can also be an effective tool, which the MSWDO can use to improve child protection and might inspire others in other regions to follow.
Teachers’ Level of Awareness in Digital Humanities in Division of Batangas: Basis for Information Dissemination Tool
Authors: R. Taeza Jordan
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to determine whether teachers from Batangas City, Philippines are aware of “Digital Humanities” as teaching and learning tool and if they are using DH as learning and teaching tool. Learning their level of awareness on DH in education may become an eye – opener through information dissemination tool that may be created for them apply DH in their teaching A descriptive quantitative design was employed for the purpose of measuring teachers’ level of knowledge in DH in academic field and as teaching and learning tool and their level of application of DH in their teaching. It was revealed that majority of the respondents who were teaching varied grade level from elementary to college showed that they are highly knowledgeable about Digital Humanities and that it could be used in the teaching – learning process. Creation of other forms of information dissemination tool such as book, blog site, seminar or training was proposed to enhance awareness and application of Digital Humanities.
Perancangan Game Teuku Umar “War Nanggroe Adventure” Sebagai Inovasi dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Sejarah Aceh Bagi Remaja
Authors: Fajar Marchanda  , Desti Sucipto Fentisari , DE Zuhrahmi
Published: February 2025

Perancangan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mendesain komunikasi visual dari permainan digital "War Nanggroe Adventure" yang berfokus pada pahlawan Aceh, Teuku Umar, sebagai media pembelajaran sejarah bagi remaja usia 12–21 tahun. Latar belakang perancangan ini adalah rendahnya minat siswa terhadap mata pelajaran sejarah yang dianggap kurang relevan dan membosankan. Permainan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan sejarah dan nilai-nilai kepahlawanan di kalangan remaja. Metode yang digunakan dalam perancangan permainan ini adalah pendekatan Design Thinking, yang meliputi tahapan Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, dan Test. Melalui proses ini, permainan dirancang untuk menyajikan sejarah Teuku Umar dengan cara yang menarik dan interaktif. Permainan ini juga dirancang untuk menarik minat remaja dan membuat pembelajaran sejarah menjadi lebih menyenangkan. Permainan ini tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai media hiburan, tetapi juga sebagai alat edukasi yang efektif. Dengan fitur animasi yang menarik dan misi-misi yang menantang, permainan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan daya ingat dan pemahaman sejarah dikalangan remaja. Implementasi dari desain permainan ini menunjukkan potensi besar dalam memfasilitasi pembelajaran sejarah melalui media yang digemari remaja.Perancangan ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam bidang desain komunikasi visual dan pendidikan, serta dapat dijadikan referensi untuk pengembangan permainan edukasi lainnya. Hasil perancangan menunjukkan bahwa permainan "War Nanggroe Adventure" berhasil menarik minat remaja dan meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka tentang sejarah pahlawan Aceh, khususnya Teuku Umar.
Perancangan Interior Modern Luxury dengan Nuansa Budaya Nusantara pada Perpustakaan Umum DKI Jakarta
Authors: Fakhri Ghiast
Published: February 2025

Perancangan Interior Modern Luxury Dengan Nuansa Budaya Nusantara Pada Perpustakaan Umum DKI Jakarta", bertujuan untuk merancang interior perpustakaan yang bukan hanya mewakili kemewahan dari gaya modern tetapi juga mengkombinasikan budaya lokal nusantara, sehingga dapat menciptakan ruang yang inspiratif dan nyaman bagi pengguna perpustakaan dan mengekspresikan kekayaan dan keragaman budaya Indonesia. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui studi literatur dan survei lapangan untuk menganalisis karakteristik dari budaya nusantara serta kebutuhan dari pengguna perpustakaan. Berdasarkan data tersebut, pada dasarnya perancangan ini mengoptimalkan konsep desain yang mengkombinasikan elemen modern luxury seperti penggunaan material berkualitas tinggi, pencahayaan yang baik, dan furnitur yang elegan, dan dengan kombinasi elemen-elemen desain yang terinspirasi dari berbagai aspek budaya Nusantara. Hasil desain ini menunjukkan bahwa penggabungan antara desain modern luxury dan budaya nusantara dapat menciptakan atmosfer suasana yang unik dan menarik di dalam perpustakaan. Ruang-ruang di dalam perpustakaan didesain untuk memberikan kenyamanan yang maksimal bagi pengguna, dengan pembagian zona-zona baca yang tenang, ruang yang interaktif untuk diskusi, serta area pameran untuk memperkenalkan budaya nusantara kepada pengunjung. Kesimpulan dari perancangan ini dapat dikatakan bahwa adanya harmonisasi antara konsep modern luxury dengan elemen budaya nusantara, Selain itu juga dapat meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna serta dapat menyebarkan kekayaan identitas budaya lokal nusantara agar tetap menjadi warisan budaya nusantara.
Perancangan Maskot Sebagai Stategi Brand Activation Klub Sepak Bola Persiraja Banda Aceh
Authors: Alia DL Helsinky , Fentisari Desti Sucipto  , Mustafa
Published: February 2025

Persatuan Sepak Bola Indonesia Kutaraja Banda Aceh, atau sering disingkat Persiraja Banda Aceh adalah  sebuah klub sepak bola Indonesia asal Kota Banda Aceh, Ibu Kota Provinsi Aceh, didirikan pada tanggal 28 Juli 1957. Persiraja Banda Aceh atau yang biasa dijuluki Laskar Rencong menyimpan keunikan sendiri dari kota-kota lain secara tidak langsung contohnya masih memegang teguh kepada kebudayaan salah satunya yaitu, Rencong Aceh. Namun untuk julukan yang tersemat di Persiraja Banda Aceh sendiri masih belum memunculkan identitas yang kuat. Seperti Laskar Rencong masih belum terkenal dikalangan orang banyak, dari hasil observasi dan wawancara yang dilakukan perlu adanya upaya untuk menguatkan identitas tersebut. Setelah melihat kesulitan peneliti memperoleh sebuah strategi, yang disebut strategi. brand activation. Sebelumnya Persiraja belum pernah mempunyai maskot, maka dibuatlah maskot sebagai bagian dari Persiraja yang akan mengaktivasi klub dan dihadirkan di berbagai kegiatan seperti event, hadir di acara komunitas, dan sebagainya. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan sebagai media pendukung klub Persiraja. Metode yang digunakan oleh peneliti yaitu, design thinking karena metode ini berfungsi mencari solusi yang tepat untuk memecahkan masalah sampai penyelesaian dengan melakukan tahap Emphatize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, sampai tahap Test. Dengan demikian membantu peneliti untuk merepresentasikan Klub Persiraja sehingga dapat memperkuat identitas Persiraja, dan mendapatkan perhatian dari publik khususnya para penggemar Persiraja. Karya ini dirancang dalam bentuk 2D dengan visualisasi gambar vektor.
Perbandingan Gaya Visual pada Webtoon Karya Kiyoshin dan Kikuatama melalui Media Line Webtoon Indonesia
Authors: Martha Fadilla Libra Aqillah  , Renny Nirwana Sari
Published: February 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkap perbedaan gaya visual  pada webtoon karya Kiyoshin dan Kikuatama melalui media Line Webtoon Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif, pendekatan deskriptif-kompratif  dengan fokus kajian objek Sweet Escape dan Ghost Dillema. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan studi literatur. Analisis data yang digunakan reduksi data, Pendeskripsian, penelusuran persamaan dan penelusuran perbedaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa tidak semua karya yang terbilang bagus memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi, nilai suatu komik tidak melulu di nilai dari keindahan gambar penulis. Penulis juga menemukan bahwa hal-hal yang mempengaruhi gaya gambar author adalah obsesi, mood, wawasan, kiblat, dan jam terbang author itu sendiri.
Corrigendum to “Caring for people living with dementia and their informal caregivers: Current perspectives in Malaysia”
Authors: Loh Ken Joey , Ng Alvin Lai Oon , Chia Yook Chin , Lee Wan Ling , Mohan Devi , Renganathan Elil
Published: February 2025

This corrigendum reports the correction done in the article ‘Caring for people living with dementia and their informal caregivers: Current perspectives in Malaysia‘.
Modeling actinic flux and photolysis frequencies in dense biomass burning plumes
Authors: Tirpitz Jan-Lukas , Colosimo Santo Fedele , Brockway Nathaniel , Spurr Robert , Christi Matt , Hall Samuel , Ullmann Kirk , Hair Johnathan , Shingler Taylor , Weber Rodney , Dibb Jack , Moore Richard , Wiggins Elizabeth , Natraj Vijay , Theys Nicolas , Stutz Jochen
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) affects air quality and climate by releasing large quantities of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the atmosphere. Photochemical processing during daylight transforms these emissions, influencing their overall environmental impact. Accurately quantifying the photochemical drivers, namely actinic flux and photolysis frequencies, is crucial to constraining this chemistry. However, the complex radiative transfer within BB plumes presents a significant challenge for both direct observations and numerical models. This study introduces an expanded version of the 1D VLIDORT-QS radiative transfer (RT) model, named VLIDORT for photochemistry (VPC). VPC is designed for photochemical and remote sensing applications, particularly in BB plumes and other complex scenarios. To validate VPC and investigate photochemical conditions within BB plumes, the model was used to simulate spatial distributions of actinic fluxes and photolysis frequencies for the Shady wildfire (Idaho, US, 2019) based on plume composition data from the NOAA/NASA FIREX-AQ (Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality) campaign. Comparison between modeling results and observations by the CAFS (charged-coupled device actinic flux spectroradiometer) yields a modeling accuracy of 10 %–20 %. Systematic biases between the model and observations are within 2 %, indicating that the uncertainties are most likely due to variability in the input data caused by the inhomogeneity of the plume as well as 3D RT effects not captured in the model. Random uncertainties are largest in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral range, where they are dominated by uncertainties in the plume particle size distribution and brown carbon (BrC) absorptive properties. The modeled actinic fluxes show a decrease from the plume top to the bottom of the plume with a strong spectral dependence caused by BrC absorption, which darkens the plume towards shorter wavelengths. In the visible (Vis) spectral range, actinic fluxes above the plume are enhanced by up to 60 %. In contrast, in the UV, actinic fluxes above the plume are not affected or even reduced by up to 10 %. Strong reductions exceeding an order of magnitude in and below the plume occur for both spectral ranges but are more pronounced in the UV.
Tuning parameters of a sea ice model using machine learning
Authors: Korosov Anton , Ying Yue , Ólason Einar
Published: February 2025

Abstract. We developed a new method for tuning sea ice rheology parameters, which consists of two components: a new metric for characterising sea ice deformation patterns and a machine learning (ML)-based approach for tuning rheology parameters. We applied the new method to tune the brittle Bingham–Maxwell rheology (BBM) parameterisation, which was implemented and used in the next-generation sea ice model (neXtSIM). As a reference dataset, we used sea ice drift and deformation observations from the RADARSAT Geophysical Processing System (RGPS). The metric characterises a field of sea ice deformation with a vector of values. It includes well-established descriptors such as the mean and standard deviation of deformation, the structure–function of the spatial scaling analysis, and the density and intersection of linear kinematic features (LKFs). We added more descriptors to the metric that characterises the pattern of ice deformation, including image anisotropy and Haralick texture features. The developed metric can describe ice deformation from any model or satellite platform. In the parameter tuning method, we first run an ensemble of neXtSIM members with perturbed rheology parameters and then train a machine learning model using the simulated data. We provide the descriptors of ice deformation as input to the ML model and rheology parameters as targets. We apply the trained ML model to the descriptors computed from RGPS observations. The developed ML-based method is generic and can be used to tune the parameters of any model. We ran experiments with tens of members and found optimal values for four neXtSIM BBM parameters: scaling parameter for compressive strength (P0≈5.1 kPa), cohesion at the reference scale (cref≈1.2 MPa), internal friction angle tangent (μ≈0.7) and ice–atmosphere drag coefficient (CA≈0.00228). A neXtSIM run with the optimal parameterisation produces maps of sea ice deformation visually indistinguishable from RGPS observations. These parameters exhibit weak interannual drift related to changes in sea ice thickness and corresponding changes in ice deformation patterns.
Cuidados afirmativos para orientação sexual de homens adultos e idosos gays: protocolo de prospecção tecnológica
Authors: Muniz Vinícius de Oiveira , Santos Júnior Edielson Mello dos , Salbego Cléton , Araújo Pricila Oliveira de , Sousa Anderson Reis de
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: mapear tecnologias digitais voltadas para os cuidados afirmativos como apoio à expressão da orientação sexual de homens adultos e idosos gays. Método: protocolo de prospecção tecnológica do grupo Forecasting, qualitativo e exploratório, desenvolvido em 2023 em nove etapas: definição da questão norteadora e objetivo; critérios de inclusão e exclusão; estratégia de busca; acesso às bases e lojas; seleção das tecnologias; categorização; análise; apresentação; e conclusão das descobertas. As bases incluídas são: World Intellectual Property Organization, Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial, e SimilarWeb; duas lojas: Android e iOS; e duas plataformas de streaming. Critérios de inclusão: aplicativos, websites e podcasts. Critérios de exclusão: tecnologias digitais que não estiverem funcionando, e podcasts sem participação de gays. Questão de pesquisa: quais são as características e avaliações das tecnologias digitais sobre cuidados afirmativos como apoio à expressão da orientação sexual de adultos/idosos cisgêneros-gays? Strings utilizados: “Saúde do Homem”, “Gay", “Idoso”, “Cuidado Afirmativo”, e “Identidade Sexual” em português, inglês e espanhol. As buscas e extração dos dados serão realizadas por pares, de maneira independente e mascarada. As divergências serão resolvidas por consenso. Resultados: os dados serão submetidos à Análise Categorial Temática e apresentados em quadros e resumos narrativos.
Pattern Recognition of Chinese Characters Using the Sokal Sneath Four Method
Authors: Rasna Rasna , Sah Andrian , Nur Hidayat M. Ali , Jusmawati Jusmawati , Tonggiroh Mursalim
Published: February 2025

Pattern recognition is a discipline that aims to classify or describe objects based on their characteristics, quantitative measurements, or critical properties. Where a pattern is defined as an entity that is initially undefined, it can be identified and named through quantitative analysis. Pattern recognition can be applied to various fields, such as handwriting recognition, face recognition, eye recognition, skin, and image processing. One example of the application of pattern recognition is character recognition in letters used in learning. In this research, the digital image used as input comes from a two-dimensional image obtained through a digital camera. The digital image describes the light intensity in light and dark areas in the form of pixels and provides information about the object's color. To support the process of recognizing alphabet letters, which in this case are specifically Chinese alphabet letters, it will be assisted by using the Sokal Sneath Four Method. This significant mathematical approach helps create a compatible and accurate system for recognizing letter patterns through intensive data training. This method involves a series of steps, including data preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification, to train the system to recognize Chinese characters. The more training given to the system, the higher its accuracy in recognizing letter patterns, especially Chinese alphabet letters. The test results show that this Chinese alphabet letter pattern recognition system has a success rate of 65%, with a failure rate of 35%. Nevertheless, these results show room for further improvement in the algorithms used and the addition of training data to improve system performance and accuracy.