bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mixed Kidney Cell – Lymphocyte Reaction in Rats
Authors: Mashimo S. , Sakai A. , Ochiai T. , Kountz S.L.
Published: July 2010

Optimal conditions for obtaining the proliferative response in mixed kidney cell‐lymphocyte culture (MKLC) have been determined in rats. The addition of 2‐mercaptoethanol to the culture medium was essential for successful stimulation of lymphocytes by allogeneic kidney cells. Proliferative responses by standard MLC and MKLC were compared in rats with the same or a different Ag‐B locus. In most strain combinations, there was a significant correlation between MLC and MKLC reactions. However, the DA‐ACI combination, compatible at the Ag‐B locus, consistently showed negative MLC and positive MKLC reactions. This suggested the possibility that this technique allowed the expression of kidney specific antigens.
Manic‐Depressive Illness and HLA
Authors: Govaerts A. , Mendlewicz J. , Verbanck P.
Published: July 2010

One‐hundred‐and‐eighteen cases of manic‐depressive illness, subclassified into 68 unipolars and 50 bipolars, were typed for HLA‐A and B. Both groups showed the same antigen frequencies, with the exception of a slight increase of HLA‐B15 in bipolar patients. The incidence of HLA‐Bw15 was reduced in affectively ill patients as compared to controls.
HLA‐Antigen Frequency in an Iraqi Population
Authors: Jabbar Ammar A. R. , Dick Heather M.
Published: July 2010

The frequencies of HLA‐A and ‐B locus antigens in a group of 64 individuals from Iraq are reported. The frequencies are in broad agreement with those previously reported for Arabs, but show differences from Persian frequencies.
Detection of HLA‐D Clusters and Segregation Studies Using Primed LD Typing
Authors: Crosier Philip S. , Sasportes Marilyne , Mawas Claude , Charmot Dominique , Dausset Jean
Published: July 2010

By testing a group of PLT cells over a panel of unrelated restimulating cells, the PLTs could be grouped into clusters according to their ability to discriminate antigen(s) in unrelated cells. The PLT clusters broadly correlated with the homozygous typing cell‐defined HLA‐D clusters represented on the panel. The PLTs grouped together clearly segregate with a particular HLA haplotype when tested in both unrelated families not possessing the sensitizing haplotype and in the family with the sensitizing haplotype. No influence of HLA SD antigens could be observed in PLT restimulation in the segregation studies.
Is there a Significant Gene Dose Effect in the Primed Lymphocyte Test?
Authors: Pawelec G. , Bradley B. A. , Puntis M. C. A.
Published: July 2010

Pig lymphocytes typed for products of the MHC were primed in vitro against allogeneic lymphocytes. When rechallenged with a panel of different cells, specific ‘typing’ responses were distinguishable which were not obscured by high non‐specific responses or by a restimulator gene dose effect. A gene additive effect was observed in both primary MLR and in the primed lymphocyte test (PLT).
Histocompatibility Antigens and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Logan R. L. , Oliver M. F. , McTavish Jennifer , Darg C. , White A. G.
Published: July 2010

HLA typing was carried out in 50 Edinburgh men aged 45 years or under who had experienced a myocardial infarction and in 96 healthy 40‐year‐old men randomly selected from the same community. No significant differences in antigen frequencies were found, and our results therefore fail to support the hypothesis suggesting an association between HLA‐B8 and haplotype A1‐B8 with ischemic heart disease.
Correlation between Magnitude of MLC and Kidney Graft Survival in Intrafamilial Transplantation
Authors: Ringdén O. , Berg B.
Published: July 2010

The role of HLA‐A and ‐B and HLA‐D compatibility was analyzed in 63 recipients of intrafamilial kidney grafts. At 1 year post‐transplantation the survival of grafts from HLA‐A and ‐B compatible donors was 89% and that of grafts from HLA‐A and/or ‐B incompatible donors 77%.

Recipients with a Relative Response (RR) in MLC of < 20% towards their donors, indicating HLA‐D compatibility, had a 4‐year graft survival of 100%. After 1 year the graft survival of this group was statistically different (P < 0.01) from the 63% graft survival of recipients with an RR > 60%. An RR > 60% indicates HLA‐D incompatibility between recipient and donor. For patients with RR > 60% the 2‐year graft survival was 46%. This was lower than that of patients with RR < 20% (P < 0.001) and that of patients with an RR of 20–60% (P < 0.01). The recipients with an RR of 20–60%, indicating slight HLA‐D incompatibility with their donors, had a 2‐year graft survival of 88%.

We concluded that graft survival was correlated to the magnitude of MLC response between recipients and donors in such a way that a high MLC response indicating HLA‐D incompatibility was associated with a high frequency of graft rejection while a low MLC response was associated with graft survival. HLA‐D compatibility correlated with an excellent outcome in five cases in spite of HLA‐A and ‐B incompatibility.
On the HLA‐B, ‐D Map Distance
Authors: Lamm Lars U. , Kristensen Tom , Kissmeyer‐Nielsen Flemming , Jørgensen Fritz
Published: July 2010

HLA—A, ‐B, ‐C and ‐D typing and intra‐familial MLC studies in 21 couples and their 91 children revealed three B, D recombinants in 165 informative haplotypes. This corresponds to a B, D map distance of 1.8 centiMorgans, which is somewhat higher than previous estimates based on intra‐familial MLC chessboard experiments. All three recombinants are maternal.
Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines of Homozygous Typing Cells Used for Sensitization in PLT
Authors: Reinsmoen Nancy , Yunis Edmond J. , Bach Fritz H. , Bach Marilyn L.
Published: July 2010

Lymphoblastoid cell lines of homozygous typing cells were used as the sensitizing cells in MLC to prepare PLT cells. Results obtained using such cells against a panel of restimulating cells were compared to those obtained using regular PLT cells in which priming had been accomplished with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. It appears that lymphoblastoid cell lines can be used for this purpose; the advantages of such an approach are given.
Distribution of HLA Antigens in a Cuban Population
Authors: Díaz J.W. , Cheredeev A.N.
Published: July 2010

The frequencies of the HLA antigens were determined in a population of 160 unrelated Cubans from three different ethnic groups (white, mixed‐blood and negro). We typed for antigenic specificities of the A and B loci, and also for the Cw1 specificity of the C locus. Phenotype and gene frequencies for the different ethnic groups are presented for comparison. The phenotype distribution, the haplotype frequencies for the white group and the genetic distance between this group and a Spanish population were calculated.
HLA‐B27 in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Amyloidosis
Authors: Pasternack Amos , Tiilikainen Anja
Published: July 2010

To study the role of genetically determined immune responsiveness in the pathogenesis of systemic amyloidosis complicating rheumatoid arthritis the HLA antigens were identified in 26 patients with rheumatoid arthritis complicated by secondary amyloidosis, in 44 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and in 11 patients with secondary amyloidosis of non‐rheumatoid origin. Subjects with ankylosing spondylitis, sacroiliitis without peripheral polyarthritis, Reiter's disease, reactive arthritis, erosive osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthropathy, systemic lupus erythematosus or arthritis associated with a gastrointestinal involvement were excluded from the study. Patients with amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis had a high frequency of the HLA specificity B27 and of the haplotype likely to bear A2, B27. The association with B27 was closest in the group of male patients with amyloidosis whose rheumatoid arthritis had begun at an early age and who lacked demonstrable rheumatoid factor in serum. These patients may represent a genetically determined subentity of rheumatoid arthritis.
HLA Phenotype and Haplotype Frequencies in a Sample of the Spanish Population
Authors: Moreno M.E. , Kreisler J.M.
Published: July 2010

The frequencies of HLA antigens and genes were determined in 491 unrelated individuals from the area of Madrid. In order to obtain a fairly good idea of the HLA antigen frequencies in the Spanish population, our results have been compared with those reported from Barcelona. Haplotype frequencies were observed in 212 parents and compared with the frequencies estimated from the 491 individuals. The present data show certain characteristics of the Spanish population and are in good agreement with other studies in the demonstration of linkage disequilibrium between genes of the two series.
Polygenic Control of Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions in Dogs
Authors: Bijnen A.B. , Vriesendorp H.M. , Grosse‐Wilde H. , Westbroek D.L.
Published: July 2010

The genetics of the MLR of the dog are studied using LD typing cells. The four new homozygous reference cells described bring the total number of defined LD specificities in this species to 11. In families, LD specificities generally segregate en bloc with the SD specificities of the DLA complex. The recombination frequency between the SD and LD loci is provisionally estimated to be 0.007. A slight but significant stimulation between two SD identical LD typed siblings could not be explained on the basis of a single recombination between the SD loci and one LD locus and therefore suggested the existence of an additional LD system.

Unrelated SD different individuals with two different LD determinants in common frequently stimulate each other in MLR, but low responses are also encountered. The results described are compatible with a hypothesis of two segregant series of alleles for the genetic control of the MLR and linkage disequilibrium between certain alleles of these series. More conclusive evidence of the validity of this hypothesis and further knowledge of other factors which determine the response in the MLR are required before a reliable estimate of the importance of LD structures in histocompatibility can be made.
Expression of HLA‐B12 on Platelets, on Lymphocytes and in Serum: a Quantitative Study
Authors: Liebert Monica , Aster Richard H.
Published: July 2010

Expression of the antigen HLA‐B12 on platelets, on lymphocytes and in serum of normal subjects was studied using several quantitative techniques. HLA‐B12 was found to be expressed on platelets from each of 25 heterozygous HLA‐B12‐positive donors in amounts varying about 35‐fold from weakest to strongest. Expression of B12 on platelets was enhanced in the presence of the first locus antigen A11, but decreased in the presence of A2, A3, and Aw28. The antigen was expressed in equal strength on lymphocytes sampled from the same donor population. Serum content of B12 assayed in five subjects was found to be roughly proportional to the expression of that antigen on platelets. Expression of B12 on platelets is under genetic control but the precise mechanism of inheritance has not yet been defined. The applicability of these findings to transfusion of single donor platelets to alloimmunized patients is under investigation.
HLA Genetic Structure of Population in the District of Olomouc (Czechoslovakia)
Authors: Lenhart K. , Bártová A. , Lenhartová E.
Published: July 2010

HLA genetic structure of the population in the district of Olomouc was studied through a sample of 267 healthy and unrelated individuals. Allele frequencies, haplotype frequencies and deltas are presented.
Reduction of Error Rates in the Microlymphocytotoxicity Test
Authors: Perdue Sondra , Terasaki Paul I. , Hong Joon , Estrin Margo
Published: July 2010

The overall error rate of the microlymphocytotoxicity test has been reduced from 1.08% in 1971 to approximately 0.35%, based on comparisons of 882 replicate test pairs (different bleedings) and on family studies, with 0.11% attributable to “reading” errors. This reduction was attributed to automation for lymphocyte adding, better incubation temperature control, better technical preparation of cells and stronger, more monospecific sera. Three types of errors contribute to the overall error rate: random, sera‐related (affected by strength and specificity), and lymphocyte‐related (possible B‐cell reactivity and donor/lymphocyte physiological condition). Strongly skewed error distributions, which seem to be lymphocyte‐related, occurred in less than 4% of the test pairs.
HLA‐D Antigens in the Japanese Population
Authors: Sasazuki T. , McMichael A. , Payne R. , McDevitt H. O.
Published: July 2010

A Japanese population was typed for HLA‐D antigens for the first time using HLA‐D homozygous typing cells Dw1 through Dw4 and the homozygous cells LD HO and LD AH, newly found in the Japanese population. Dw3 was absent from the Japanese population which also lacks B8. Dw1, Dw2 and Dw4 were found in this population, but these did not show significant linkage disequilibria with any alleles of the B or C loci. LD HO and LD AH were common in Japanese but absent in Caucasians. LD HO was found to be in strong linkage disequilibrium with Bw35. LD AH showed significant association with Bw22J.
Soluble HLA Antigens Present in Normal Human Serum
Authors: Billing R. J. , Safani M. , Peterson P.
Published: July 2010

HLA antigens have been detected in normal human serum by inhibition of monospecific HLA antisera in the complement‐dependent cytotoxicity test. The antigens present in serum were the same as those found on the donor's lymphocytes. HLA‐A9 was unique in that it was present in serum at inhibitory titers of 1:8 to 1:32 whereas the majority of A‐ and B‐locus antigens were present at titers of 1:4 or less. Serum HLA‐A9 antigens were found in the high density lipoprotein fraction with a molecular weight greater than 200,000. In the presence of detergent they have an apparent molecular weight of 86,000 which is reduced to 46,000 when treated with papain. These values are similar to those obtained for detergent‐solubilized cellular HLA antigens.
HLA‐D Typing by Homozygous Typing Cells
Authors: Jensen Eva Bjørn , Kristensen Tom , Jørgensen Fritz , Lamm Lars U.
Published: July 2010

Several normalization procedures have been applied tosingleMLC‐typing experiments in order to neutralize experimental variation and hence to secure assignment of HLA‐D phenotypes. The present paper concerns a statistical description and isolation of experimental and biological factors inrepeatedMLC‐typing experiments. The statistical model used gives a meaningful description of the variables in MLC as judged by its application to MLC‐typing data of HLA‐identical siblings. Subsequent testing of the model in an HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C and ‐D‐genotyped family material provides evidence that the level of typing response to selected homozygous typing cells may be influenced by factors coded for by the homologous HLA‐D region. It is, however, concluded that such evidence must be accepted with caution due to the (for the present statistical purpose) suboptimal design for the HLA‐D typing experiments and hence the relative insensitivity of the method. A general method for locating erroneous triplicates is devised.
HLA Antigens and Myxedema
Authors: Májsky A. , Feix Č.
Published: July 2010

In 22 cases of myxedema 22 HLA‐A and B antigens were typed. In six out of eight patients with a history of subacute thyroiditis Bw35 antigen was demonstrated, while in none of 14 patients free from this disease in anamnesis could this antigen be found. This difference is statistically significant, and suggests classifying of myxedema patients into two groups according to pathogenesis of the disease.
Hemolytic Plaque Formation to Allogeneic Human Type A and B Red Cells1
Authors: Sasaki Mutsuo , Terasaki Paul I.
Published: July 2010

Plaque‐forming cells can be generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes provided that the lymphocytes are prestimulated by in vitro sensitization in the presence of pokeweed mitogen. Of 91 blood type O persons whose lymphocytes were stimulated with red cell A antigen, 52% responded with plaque formation, whereas of 40 type O persons whose lymphocytes were stimulated with red cell B antigen, only 20% produced plaques. Similarly, reciprocal stimulation of type A and B persons showed higher plaque formation (65%) when 23 type B persons were stimulated with A than when 48 type A persons were stimulated with B red cells (19%). An optimal dilution of sensitizing cells is necessary and maximum time of sensitization was approximately 7 days.
Measurement of Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity by Post‐Labeling Surviving Target Cells
Authors: Porzsolt F. , Goldmann S. F. , Heit W. , Heimpel H.
Published: July 2010

The 51 Cr release assay (CRA) is the commonly accepted technique for measurement of cell mediated cytotoxicity. This assay shows some disadvantages when mononucleated cells of human peripheral blood (MNC) are used as effector and target cells. The uptake of 51Cr by PHA stimulated lymphocytes is low compared to the spontaneous release. In an attempt to develop a cytotoxicity assay suitable for human lymphocytes we used 14C‐TdR to label target cells surviving after contact with effector cells. Cytotoxic lymphocytes were generated by incubation of MNC with irradiated allogeneic MNC for 6 days. On day 6 the effector cells are irradiated and co‐cultured with PHA stimulated target cells. Twenty‐four hours later 14C‐TdR is added. After an additional 24 h the cultures are harvested and 14 C‐TdR taken up by target cells is measured. It is shown that the effector cells are still cytotoxic after irradiation. These cells do not take up 14C‐TdR. Cell‐free supernatants do not influence the uptake of 14C‐TdR by target cells. The results obtained with this assay correlate very well with those obtained by the CRA, if the spontaneous release does not exceed 30%.
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (HLA) as a Genetic Marker in Human Craniofacial Anomalies
Authors: Rapaport Felix T. , Bach Fritz H. , Bachvaroff Radoslav J. , McCarthy Joseph G. , Raisbeck Audrey P. , Egelandsdal Bjorg , Converse John Marquis
Published: July 2010

Study of the incidence and segregation of the serologically detectable A and B products of the HLA complex in 140 family units in which one or more offspring was afflicted with a developmental craniofacial anomaly has uncovered no evidence of an association between HLA—A or B antigens or haplotypes and the malformations under study. Further analysis of HLA—D products in the same family units by the mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) technique has, however, uncovered a relatively high incidence of non‐reactivity between the cells of one (or both) parent(s) and cells of some offspring in 41 of the 140 families included in this study. The parent couples involved in this finding were unrelated and generally did not share any HLA—SD haplotypes. When this finding was studied further by Primed LD Typing techniques, the results in six families suggested that such MLC non‐reactivity is a consequence of the sharing of LD alleles by each pair of parents in these families. The known polymorphism of the HLA—D locus (or loci) and the low incidence of comparable findings in the normal population suggest that LD allele sharing in this particular population may be related to the selection of certain particular HLA—D products in families afflicted with developmental craniofacial anomalies. This result may be relevant to the possible existence in man of an analogue of the murine T/t complex which may occur in linkage with the HLA complex, in the same manner as the linkage disequilibrium which has been documented between the t complex and H‐2 in chromosome 17 of the mouse.
HLA‐D Typing with Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines IV. Allelic Relationships
Authors: Gatti Richard A. , Leibold Wolfgang
Published: July 2010

Responses of approximately 200 persons were measured by mixed leukocyte cultures against 41 lymphoblastoid cell lines which were thought to be homozygous for HLA—D (i.e. LCL‐HTCs). These responses were standardized by computer analysis and the resultant Interaction Indices for each LCL‐HTC were compared with those of every other LCL‐HTC in a correlation matrix of 861 independent analyses. Only those analyses involving LCL‐HTCs of defined HLA—D types are reported here. In general, these studies confirmed many allelic relationships of reputedly similar LCL‐HTCs; however, several unexpected groups of correlations suggested that groups Dw1 and 3 overlap to form Groups “1a‐3,”“1b‐3” and “true 3.” The “1b‐3” group also included Dw8. Segregation of the “1b‐3” allelic group was also observed in a family study. These preliminary analyses suggest a working model for further investigation of HLA‐D allelic relationships (Fig. 3). On the other hand, they may also be interpreted to suggest that “typing” with LCL‐HTCs may be controlled by a separate HLA locus which is closely related to, but distinct from, HLA‐D.
A Screening Program for Anti‐DR Typing Reagents
Authors: Vassalli P. , Jeannet M. , de Moerloose P. , Chardonnens X.
Published: July 2010

A total of 694 sera have been tested in a screening program aimed at identifying monospecific reagents for HLA—DR typing. All sera were first tested on a panel of enriched B and T cells without absorption on platelets. Only sera reacting more frequently on B than on T lymphocytes were absorbed on platelets and retested on the panel. This procedure saved a considerable amount of platelets and proved to be reasonably efficient. One‐hundred‐and‐fifty sera were found to contain an anti‐B cell antibody. Significantly less frequent B cell reactivity was found when HLA—A, —B, —C antibodies could not be detected. Twenty‐five sera were demonstrated to be specific for well‐defined DR antigens.
Detection of HLA Haplotype Associations with Disease
Authors: Porta J. , McHugh R.
Published: July 2010

In a recent paper, Thomson & Bodmer (1979) explored several conceptual and analytic issues involved in studying the association of HLA haplotypes with disease. One key problem they emphasized was the assessment of the statistical significance of the third order linkage disequilibrium between two HLA genes and a disease susceptibility gene. We have formulated an approach to this problem and illustrate this approach by deriving such statistical tests of true haplotype associations for two models of disease susceptibility previously studied by Terasaki & Mickey (1975) and by Thomson & Bodmer (1977). A numerical example using actual phenotypic data is then presented to demonstrate the practicality of the methods.
HLA Antigens of Platelets. IV. Influence of “Private” HLA‐B Locus Specificities on the Expression of Bw4 and Bw6 on Human Platelets
Authors: Szatkowski Nancy S. , Aster Richard H.
Published: July 2010

Quantities of the HLA‐B antigens B5, B7, B8, B13, B27, and Bw44 were determined on platelets of subjects heterozygous for those markers using an assay based on inhibition of antibody‐mediated 51Cr release from lymphocytes. In confirmation of previous studies, Bw44 was found to vary about 35‐fold and B8 about 8‐fold. In contrast, B5, B7, B27, and B13 varied only 2–3‐fold. Expression of each of the six antigens was proportional to that of its associated broad specificity, Bw4 or Bw6. The antigens Bw4 and Bw6, when measured directly on platelets of 62 normal heterozygous subjects, were found to vary 32‐fold and 20‐fold, respectively. Bw4 was strongly expressed on platelets carrying B5 or B27 (P > 0.001), was weakly expressed in the presence of B13 (P > 0.001) and was variable, possibly bimodal, in the presence of Bw44. Bw6 was strongly expressed on platelets carrying B7, Bw15.1, or Bw35 (P > 0.01) but was weak on platelets carrying B8 or B14 (P > 0.01). Little or no variation in Bw4 or Bw6 was observed on lymphocytes of the same donor population. These findings are consistent with the possibility that private HLA‐B locus specificities influence the expression of part or all of the HLA‐B molecule on the platelet surface through an undetermined mechanism. The atypical behavior of Bw44/Bw4 on platelets suggests the possibility that Bw44 consists of two subspecificities not yet detectable with available serologic reagents. Variability of HLA markers in tissues other than platelets could have important immunobiologic implications which seem deserving of further investigation.
HLA Antigen Frequencies in an Irish Population
Authors: Reen D. J. , O'Regan D.
Published: July 2010

Two‐hundred‐and‐fifty‐three unrelated Irish adults were typed for 24 alleles at the HLA‐A and B loci. A high frequency of HLA‐B8 (34.8%) was observed compared with results published for other populations. Results of other gene frequencies, haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium values were similar to those of Caucasian population studies. Close similarity of HLA polymorphism distribution was seen in relation to another relatively homogeneous Celtic population from the islands of the Outer Hebrides, off the coast of Scotland.
A Micromethod of Chicken MLR: Technical Aspects and Genetic Control
Authors: Schou Marianne
Published: July 2010

Marianne Schou Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark A micromethod of chicken mixed lymphocyte culture is described. In order to test the genetic control of the reaction, lymphocytes from the inbred G‐Bl and G‐B2 strains were cultured together with lymphocytes of the MHC identical chickens of a segregating population of (G‐Bl × G‐B2) F2 hybrids. Most of these combinations showed no response, which is in agreement with the major importance of the lymphocyte activating determinants (Lads) being controlled by the B complex (chicken MHC). A few strong reactions of MLC between B identical individuals indicated, however, that chickens in addition may have Lads controlled by genes not closely linked to the B complex.
HLA Genetics of Insulin‐Dependent Juvenile‐Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Northern Finland
Authors: Ilonen J. , Herva E. , Tiilikainen A. , Åkerblom H. K. , Mustonen A. , Koivukangas T. , Kouvalainen K.
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A, B and C antigens were determined from 63 cases of juvenile‐onset, insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in northern Finland. There was a very strong association between IDDM and HLA‐B8 and B15 antigens in this area where the incidence of IDDM is also high. Relative risks for B8 and B15 were 4.8 and 3.8, respectively. In a small group of subjects typed for HLA‐D antigens Dw3 and Dw4 appeared to be stronger risk factors than associated B antigens, whereas Dw2 was almost totally absent in the patients.
The HLA‐B14 Cross‐Reactive Group
Authors: Darke C.
Published: July 2010

The serological analysis of 24 HLA antisera, produced by pregnancy alone, containing B14 and up to six additional specificities was carried out on a selected lymphocyte panel of 316 cells. HLA typing was performed on the antiserum donors and 21 of their husbands. The results show (i) bidirectional cross‐reactivity between B8, B14.1, B14.2, B18 and Bw39: (ii) cross‐reactivity between antibodies to these specificities and Bw22 (probably Bw22.1 (Cw3 associated) only): (iii) confirmation, with five antisera, of the cross‐reactivity between anti‐B14 and B5 (with evidence for the cross‐reaction being with Bw51 and not Bw52): (iv) cross‐reactivity between anti‐Bw39 and B37: (v) evidence for unidirectional cross‐reactivity between anti‐Bw38 and B8, B14.1 and B14.2: (vi) preferential cross‐reaction with the subdivisions of B14

The concept of “shared antigenic determinants” is briefly discussed in relation to these findings.
HLA Haplotypes in Familial Graves’Disease
Authors: Farid Nadir R. , Moens Hilda , Larsen Bodil , Payne Ronald , Saltman Kenneth , Fifield Frank , Ingram David W.
Published: July 2010

In order to further elucidate the genetics of Graves’disease, we studied two families with several affected members, as well as tested the degree to which HLA haplotypes were shared in affected sibpairs. Further, we sought to identify the disease related haplotypes by determining the haplotypes shared among affected parent‐child combinations. In one family, two affected sibs differed at four possible parental HLA haplotypes; no evidence of recombination was observed which could account for the result. In the other family, five siblings were affected. Four out of the five affected sibs shared the maternal haplotype HLA‐A11, Bw51, Cw5, Cw‐, DRw5, Bfs, GLO1, whereas three shared the paternal haplotype HLA‐Al, B8, Cw‐, DRw3, Bf and GLO1. Looking at haplotype sharing, two pairs of sibs were found to be HLA identical, whereas the fifth sib shared one haplotype with one of these pairs but not with the other. Out of 14 (eight of our own and six from the literature) affected sibpairs examined, nine were found to be HLA identical and four shared one haplotype, suggesting that the contribution of both paternal haplotypes may be necessary for the susceptibility to the disease. Fourteen parent‐child combinations were studied; in only three out of 13 in which the shared haplotype could be ascertained was the haplotype B8 positive; this distribution is similar to controls. However, of the remaining 10 combinations which did not share a B8 positive haplotype, five were B8 positive at one or the other of the nonshared haplotypes.
A “New” Primed Lymphocyte Typing (PLT) Defined DP‐Antigen Associated with a Private HLA—DR Antigen
Authors: Morling N. , Jakobsen B. K. , Platz P. , Ryder L. P. , Svejgaard A. , Thomsen M.
Published: July 2010

We have recently described a “new” private HLA–DR antigen, DR“LTM”, which has a frequency of approximately 0.6% in Danes. Primed Lymphocyte Typing (PLT) cells directed towards DR“LTM”‐associated determinants were generated in vitro by haplotype primings in two unrelated families with DR“LTM” positive individuals. Both PLT‐cells reacted in parallel and gave positive reactions with (i) two unrelated and (ii) eight related individuals, all of whom were DR“LTM”‐positive. Both PLT‐cells gave negative reactions with (i) 38 unrelated and (ii) 15 related DR“LTM”‐negative individuals. Thus, there was total agreement between the results obtained by HLA–DR typing with the antiserum “LTM” and by PLT‐typing with these two haplotype primed PLT‐cells. None of the DP“LTM”‐positive individuals carried more than one of the antigens HLA–Dw/‐DRw/DP1‐8 and the local specificity D/DP“H”. Accordingly, this “new” PLT‐defined antigen, DP“LTM”, most probably belongs to the series of HLA–D/DR‐associated DP‐antigens previously described.
HLA Antigens and Berger's Disease
Authors: Bignon J. D. , Houssin A. , Soulillou J. P. , Denis J. , Guimbretiere J. , Guenel J.
Published: July 2010

We have studied the frequencies of HLA–A, –B antigens in 73 Berger's disease patients, plus HLA–DR antigens in 35 of them, and compared the percentages of antigens frequencies with those of a local and national panel. This study does not confirm the positive associations with HLA–Bw35 or HLA–B12 which have been previously reported. The HLA–DR typing only showed increased frequency of blanks in the patients (P < 0.01, but no significant corr. P). Patients with Berger's disease and renal failure have a higher (but still not significant) HLA–Bw35 frequency than those without renal failure. The reasons for the discrepancy between our group and others are analysed.
Mixed Lymphocyte Reactivity in Chimpanzees. I. Some Technical and Genetic Aspects*
Authors: Jonker Margreet , Balner H.
Published: July 2010

One‐way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) tests were performed among the members of five chimpanzee harems in all possible combinations: parents, parent‐child, siblings and half‐siblings. The technical aspects of MLC testing in chimpanzees appeared to be very similar to those observed for human and rhesus monkey MLC's. Two unexpected observations were made for which no satisfactory explanation can as yet be given: firstly, the occurrence of animals with consistently high autologous values and secondly, the existence of chimpanzees displaying low MLC responsiveness. The high autologous values occurred mostly in older imported animals (25% with high autologous values), while only one of the 45 laboratory born animals showed this phenomenon. Low responsiveness occurred in a few offspring belonging to a single harem only and is therefore likely to be genetically controlled but, as it appeared, not by genes linked to ChLA. Data suggesting the existence of an MHC‐linked “major MLC” or D locus were confirmed and extended. A gene dose effect for D locus antigens was demonstrable, i.e., combinations of related animals differing for one showed lower MLC responses than combinations differing for two ChLA haplotypes. The number of D locus alleles was estimated to be 10.
Family Studies of Neutrophil Alloantigens in Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Schacter Bernice , Preis Peter , Kadushin James M. , Herzig Roger , Gross Samuel
Published: July 2010

In order to evaluate the utility of the neutrophil specific antigens NA1, NA2, Vaz (NC1), NB1 and 9a in the documentation of bone marrow chimeras in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow grafts, neutrophil antigen typing was performed by EDTA microagglutination on the families of 17 patients with hematopoietic disorders under evaluation for bone marrow transplantation. Mendelian segregation independent of HLA and mutually independent was noted for the NA, NB and 9a systems. Vaz (NC1) segregated with and was included in NA2. Serological complexity was noted for NA1 and NA2. Typing for neutrophil antigens was achieved for 13 of 17 patients. Eight of 10 pateints with HLA identical siblings had neutrophil antigen markers differing between donor and recipient. Conversion to donor neutrophil phenotype was documented for four recipients of bone marrow grafts. The neutrophil antigens, particularly of the NA system, appear to be useful additional markers for allogeneic bone marrow engraftment.
ABO Associated Genetic Determinant in H1N1 Influenza
Authors: Aho K. , Pyhälä R. , Visakorpi R.
Published: July 2010

Young people, in the winter of 1977–78 lacked all prior antigenic experience with H1N1 influenza. The attack rate among them was observed to be lowest (42%) in blood group O subjects and highest (59%) in blood group AB subjects. This indicates that there is an ABO associated genetic determinant in resistance against H1N1 influenza. The antibody response to the viral hemagglutinin did not vary substantially according to the ABO status.
B15 Heterogeneity in East African Blacks
Authors: Hall P. J. , Levin A. G. , Entwistle C. C. , Knight S. C. , Wasunna A. , Brubaker G.
Published: July 2010

One‐hundred‐forty‐one Blacks (135 unrelated) from Kenya and Tanzania have been tissue‐typed (HLA–A, B and C loci) as part of a study of host factors involved in Burkitt's lymphoma and naso‐pharyngeal carcinoma. Evidence is presented for the existence in this population of several B15‐related antigens which together occur with a relatively high frequency of 30% in unrelated individuals. It is likely that these variants may include the antigens SV and perhaps Bu recently defined with population frequencies of under 1% in Caucasians. In the absence of monospecific typing sera, identification of these variants may be helped by their apparently strong association with C‐locus antigens in Blacks. Recognition of these B15 variants has been largely responsible for reducing the proportion of unidentified or “blank” B‐locus antigens in this population to only 6%. These findings substantiate and amplify previous reports suspecting the presence of such antigens in Blacks, and should facilitate studies of possible associations of disease with HLA in these populations.
HLA Antigens and Steroid Responsive Nephrotic Syndrome of Childhood
Authors: O'Regan D. , O'Callaghan U. , Dundon S. , Reen D. J.
Published: July 2010

Fifty‐four unrelated children with steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome of childhood were studied for 24 alleles at the HLA–A and B loci. A significantly increased incidence of HLA–B8 (Pc < 0.01) was observed compared to controls.

No association between response to cyclophosphamide therapy and HLA antigens was seen.
HLA–D Typing with Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines VIII. Cut Points and Gene Frequency Estimates by Multiple Testing Analysis
Authors: Boehnke Michael , Guzmán Marc , Hehmann Robert , Leibold Wolfgang , Gatti Richard A.
Published: July 2010

One‐way mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) data were analyzed using multiple testing analysis, a new procedure for separating HLA–D typing and non‐typing responses. Using the cut points derived by this analysis, HLA–Dw phenotype frequency estimates were computed from a data base which included testing of over 400 Caucasian donors. From these, gene frequency estimates were computed and compared with those of other investigators.
Removal of Contaminating Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes to Prepare Purified Lymphocytes for Cytotoxicity Testing
Authors: Robertson Joseph M. , Nathan Paul
Published: July 2010

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) die, apparently nonspecifically, in the standard tissue typing assay. When the cell preparation contains more than 20% PMN, proper evaluation of the histocompatibility assay is difficult. PMN were noted to aggregate when normal rabbit serum was added as the complement source. Based on the latter observation, a simple technique was developed which reduces the PMN contamination in the suspension of test cells and returns high yields of lymphocytes. Removal of the PMN lowers the high background of dead cells and permits precise evaluation of the microcytotoxicity test results.
Lack of Expression of HLA Antigens on Choriocarcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Jones Elizabeth A. , Bodmer Walter F.
Published: July 2010

A panel of monoclonal antibodies against HLA–A, B, C, DRw, β2m and other determinants on human cells has been used in indirect trace binding and absorption assays to determine the distribution of these antigens on choriocarcinoma cell lines. HLA–A, B, C, DRw and β2 m were not found on these cell lines, while other human antigens expressed on most human tissues were expressed on all the lines.
Secondary Responses of Alloantigen‐Primed Dog Lymphocytes
Authors: Lansdorp Peter M. , Vriesendorp Huib M. , Betton Graham R. , Bijnen A. Bart
Published: July 2010

The usefulness of Primed Lymphocyte Typing (PLT) for recognizing Lymphocyte Defined (LD) determinants of die Major Histocompatibility Complex of the dog (DLA) was assessed in 10 separate experiments. Application of a technique described for human cells to peripheral blood lymphocytes of dogs gave reproducible, informative results. DLA LD determinants were shown to be of major importance in secondary responses of alloantigen “primed” lymphocytes, but other, as yet undefined, factors also appeared to play a role in the assay.
HLA Antigens in Geographic Tongue
Authors: Marks Robin , Tait+ Brian
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A,B,C phenotyping was performed on 95 patients with geographic tongue to determine whether there is an increased frequency of any particular allele in this condition. An increased frequency of B15 was found in the patients when compared to normal controls. When the patients were divided into atopic and non‐atopic groups there was an increased frequency of B15 and a decreased frequency of B40 in the atopic group compared to the controls. B40 was also decreased in the atopic group when compared to the non‐atopic group. When the type I correction factor was applied to the probability values the differences in antigen frequencies in all cases became insignificant.
HLA‐Linked Genetic Control in Natural Rubella Infection
Authors: Kato Shunichi , Kimura Mikio , Takakura Iwao , Tsuji Kimiyoshi , Ueda Kohji
Published: July 2010

HLA antigen frequencies were investigated in 115 patients with congenital rubella syndrome and 93 of their mothers in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. A high frequency of HLA‐B15 and a low frequency of HLA‐Bw22 were found in the mothers. HLA‐B15 was associated with high antibody responsiveness to rubella vaccine in our previous study, whereas HLA‐Bw22 was one of the HLA antigens which showed low antibody responsiveness. There was no association between HLA antigens and viral replication in rubella vaccine recipients in the present study. These results indicate that an HLA‐linked genetic background in the mothers is related to susceptibility to congenital rubella syndrome, and that the mechanism of the relation may be mediated via immune response genes.
Functional Study and Detection of HLA‐ D Products on Fractionated Human Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Fradelizi D. , Gluckman E. , Wiels J. , Sasportes M. , Fellous M. , Lepage V. , Faille A. , Valensi F. , Dausset J.
Published: July 2010

Bone marrow cells from nine normal human volunteers, obtained from the Iliac crest, were used in this work for antigen determination and functional studies. The bone marrow aspirated cells were sequentially separated: elimination of erythrocytes, granulocytes and monocytes was achieved by Ficoll‐Isopaque centrifugation followed by plastic adherence. Purified bone marrow cells were finally separated by size using velocity sedimentation. The slow sedimenting small cells were shown to be mainly Tlymphocytes, probably of blood origin. The medium sized bone marrow cells were shown to contain myeloid precursors (CFu‐c). Large immature cells were in cycle actively synthesizing DNA molecules.

HLA‐D and HLA‐DR detections on the fractionated cells were performed using three techniques: fluorescence with specific and HLA‐DR alio and xeno antisera; primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) with anti HLA‐DR monospecific in vitro primed lymphocytes and detection of the HLA‐D stimulating product using the bone marrow fractionated cells as stimulators in a mixed leukocyte culture. Concordant results were obtained with the three techniques. Lymphocytes in the bone marrow express HLA‐D‐products as peripheral lymphocytes. Bone marrow fractions depleted of lymphocytes and monocytes also contain approximately 20% of cells expressing HLA‐D products. The meaning of the expression of HLA‐D products on immature precursors non‐Iymphoid cells is discussed.
Genetics of Cell‐Mediated Lympholysis (CML) in Man
Authors: Singal D. P. , Wadia Y. J.
Published: July 2010

Human cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL), developed in responder‐stimulator combinations incompatible for only one HLA‐B antigen, have been used to study the specificity and genetics of target cell determinants. We were able to develop specific CTLs directed against HLA‐B7, B8, B27 and Bw44, as defined by standard serological reagents. CTL‐anti‐B5 and CTL‐anti‐Bw35 gave a number of false positive reactions. In addition, we have found that specific cytotoxic effector cells can be generated against B27 by sensitization of cells from a B7 donor and vice versa; B7 and B27 can in this way be recognized easily. The data support the view that HLA‐B is the target antigen. In addition, population and family studies revealed that extra reactions with CTLs developed in female (parous) responder‐male stimulator combinations were due to HLA‐restricted H‐Y antigen killing. These findings suggest that by selecting responder‐stimulator pairs differing for only one antigen at a locus, it should be possible to develop CTLs which will allow recognition of other specificities at the HLA‐B locus and other loci.
Adult Celiac Disease Associated with HLA‐DRw3 and ‐DRw7
Authors: Betuel H. , Gebuhrer L. , Descos L. , Percebois H. , Minaire Y. , Bertrand J.
Published: July 2010

Celiac disease (CD), which occurs in Europe with varying frequency, is known to be associated with HLA‐B8 and even more strongly with HLA‐Dw3 because of the high linkage disequilibrium between these two antigens. After typing for HLA‐A, ∼B and ‐DR antigens in adult patients with CD, we can confirm the high prevalence of B8 (72.7%) and of DRw3 (63.7%). However we find that DRw7 is also significantly increased (54.5%); DRw3 and DRw7, taken together, represent 86% of our 22 patients.
HLA and Insulin Dependent Diabetes in South African Indians
Authors: Hammond M. G. , Asmal A. C.
Published: July 2010

The HLA antigens of 44 Asian Indians with juvenile‐onset, insulin‐dependent diabetes were determined. The frequency of HLA‐B8 was increased but that of HLA‐B15 was not. There was a significant increase in the frequency of some of the subdivisions of B5.
Absorption Analysis of BoLA Sera
Authors: Spooner R. L. , Morgan A. L. G. , Oliver R. A.
Published: July 2010

BoLA specificities wl w2 w5 w8 w9 wlO and wll have been re‐examined by absorption. All of the clusters except w9 showed evidence of sub‐group specificities, but only in some cases (wl, w5, v8 and wll) is it suggested that the definition should be revised.

The results show a very high degree of reproducibility between sera from different laboratories with clusters of narrow and wide sera for most specificities. These behave in all the cases reported here as linear sub groups or inclusion groups.
Expansion of Human Lymphocyte Populations Expressing, Specific Immune Reactivities. II. A Comparison of Immune Reactivities in Human Tlymphocyte Lines Derived from Allogeneically Primed Cultures, Maintained with Lectins or Conditioned Medium
Authors: Charmot Dominique , Malissen Bernard , Ghiotto Marguerite , Mawas Claude
Published: July 2010

In a previous paper, lectins were shown to allow a strong expansion of in vitro primed cells‐, among the lectins tested, PKW but not PHA (nor Con A) was found to reactivate CTLs. We then asked two further questions: Could one maintain a long term expansion of human T cells using iterative lectin stimulation? And, if so, could the immune reactivities, once expressed in the original primed cells, also be maintained?

We report here that lectins remain potent mitogens for primed cells, and allow good expansion over many cycles, provided fresh irradiated cells (autologous or not to the responder) are added to the cultures. When PKW is used as the iterative mitogen, both the specific proliferation (PLT) and the specific cytotoxicity are maintained after each cycle. When PHA is the iterative stimulant, only the specific proliferation (PLT) is maintained, while no measurable cytolysis is present.

However, if iteratively PHA stimulated primed cells are now cultured in the absence of PHA, even without additional specific stimulation, cytolytic activity is recovered from the cultures.

In parallel, primed cells iteratively expanded using conditioned medium appear to retain both their specific lytic function and their specific proliferative function.

Preliminary data suggest that the cloning efficiency when using lectins is higher than when using conditioned medium.
Ataxia‐Telangiectasia and Xeroderma Pigmentosum: No Evidence of Linkage to HLA
Authors: Hodge Susan E. , Berkel A. Izzet , Gatti Richard A. , Boder Elena , Spence M. Anne
Published: July 2010

Nine HLA‐typed multiplex nuclear families segregating ataxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T), an autosomal recessive disorder, were studied. Linkage analysis performed by lod scores and by a previously published sib pair method revealed no evidence for linkage between A‐T and HLA. An alternative method of linkage detection, previously applied to xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and HLA, was reexamined and found to contain an error. As a consequence, neither of these “DNA repair disorders” appears to be linked to HLA.
Spina Bifida and Anencephaly Geographic Correlation with the HLA System Geographic Correlation with the HLA System
Authors: Feingold J. , Feingold N. , Bois E.
Published: July 2010

The geographical correlation between the incidence of spina bifida and anencephaly and the HLA and ABO antigen frequencies are studied. There is a positive correlation between these malformations and Al and B8, and a negative correlation with B5 and Bw35.

The role of the HLA system itself, or of a human T‐like locus, is discussed. This study provides evidence of a possible genetic background of susceptibility to these malformations.
The Role in Primary MLC of the non HLA–D/DR Determinant PL3A
Authors: Termijtelen A. , van Rood J. J.
Published: July 2010

To test the influence in primary MLC of the newly PLT defined determinant PL3 A (Termijtelen et al. 1980), 11 Dw3/DR3 homozygous individuals were tested in an MLC matrix. Two groups of mutually negative cells were defined. The results appeared to correlate with the presence of PL3A. Cells from group 2 were stimulated by cells from group 1, but the reverse reactions were negative. A genetic model for this “one way” stimulation, observed in MLC as well as PLT, is discussed.

We suggest that PL3A, which causes strong stimulation in PLT, also plays a role in primary MLC.