bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimizing Adsorption of Anionic Surfactant in Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer System: Effects of pH and Surfactant Concentration
Authors: Tengku Mohd Tengku Amran , Bohairah Nur Amelina , Mat Shayuti Muhammad Shafiq , Nik Ab Lah Nik Khairul Irfan , Shahruddin Munawar Zaman , Jaafar Mohd Zaidi
Published: January 2023

Alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding has been identified as the most effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique to boost up the production of crude oil and improve the recoverable reserves. However, surfactant loss into the formation due to adsorption has been one of the issues, which could degrade the efficiency of the process. This study highlights the static adsorption of anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant on the quartz sand with presences of alkaline and polymer at different pH and surfactant concentration. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) of SDS was determined using surface tension method and found at 0.22wt%. Three different systems were formulated namely A, B and C referring to the Surfactant formulation, Alkaline-Surfactant (AS) formulation and Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) formulation, respectively. For static adsorption tests, ASP system was formulated by adding 10,000 ppm sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and 500 ppm of anionic Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) polymer into the surfactant solution. The formulation was then mixed with the quartz sand at a fixed mass to volume ratio of 1:5. The adsorption tests involved shaking the mixtures, centrifuging, and analysing the supernatant solutions using UV-Visible spectrophotometer for adsorption measurement. The adsorption tests resulted in low adsorption at higher pH and low surfactant concentration. It was discovered that the lowest surfactant adsorption exhibited by ASP system with approximate reductions of 65% and 63% as compared to surfactant formulation at ~pH 12 and 2000 ppm surfactant concentration, respectively. Thus, anionic surfactant has a great performance in ASP system compared to its individual formulation, resulting in lower surfactant adsorption.
Briquetting Pressure Roles in Selective Reduction Process of Limonitic Nickel Laterite
Authors: Abdul Fakhreza , Rare Frederick Geovan Liris Limbong , Setiyorini Yuli , Setyowati Vuri Ayu , Pintowantoro Sungging
Published: January 2023

Direct reduction is one of the methods used in nickel extraction from limonitic nickel laterite. Briquettes become an essential part of the direct reduction. This research examines the appropriate com-paction pressure of briquettes to achieve the optimum concentration, recovery of Ni and Fe, and selectivity factors also analyze the com-pounds formed. The briquettes were made at a pressure of 20 Kgf/cm2, 30 Kgf/cm2, 40 Kgf/cm2, and 50 Kgf/cm2. This study was performed out by mixing the prepared materials and then compact-ing them to form briquettes. Then, it was put into a crucible, and the coal-limestone bed mixture is added and put into the muffle fur-nace. Then, the direct reduction was started by heating at 700°C for 2 hours and continued at 1400°C for 6 hours. Next, it was continued with magnetic separation and weighing of the reduction products. The products were tested with SEM-EDX to determine the content. The products were tested with XRD to determine the compounds formed. The optimal results were obtained at variations of 30 Kgf/cm2 with a Ni content of 5.00% and Recovery of 86.76%.
Factors influencing patients’ willingness to test for COVID-19: a cross sectional study amongst non COVID-19 patients at the Teaching Hospital in Jaffna, Sri Lanka
Authors: Kalpana S. , Suganthan N. , Rajeshkannan N. , Arasalingam A. , Nalayini J.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Sri Lanka adopted various control measures to stop the spread of COVID-19 including early detection by widespread testing, contact tracing and isolation. However, some people were not willing to accept testing due to several reasons. This is the first study from Sri Lanka conducted to determine people’s level of willingness to undergo a COVID-19 swab test.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 427 non-COVID-19 patients who visited the outpatient department at a Teaching hospital in northern Sri Lanka. Data collection was done over a one month period in July 2021. The data collected was entered and analysed using SPSS version 28.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.4, and a majority of the participants were female (62.8%). A significant proportion of the participants (37.9% CI: 34.3-43.6) were not willing to accept the test to screen for COVID-19. Among the 162 patients who were not willing to accept the test, 56.2% reported fear regarding testing, and 37.6% reported fear of getting a positive result. A significant association was observed between people’s willingness to accept the test and their gender (P-0.022) and knowledge of the test (P-0.001).
Conclusion: As a considerable proportion of participants were not willing to accept COVID-19 screen testing, and people’s knowledge regarding testing significantly influenced their acceptance of such testing, this study concludes that the public can be educated further about the COVID-19 infection, identifying the symptoms of disease by themselves, available testing methods, the importance of testing early and how they will be treated if they get positive test results.
Identifying Structure, Process and Outcome Factors of the Clinical Specialist Nurse
Authors: Hashemi Saied , Karimi Leila , Moradian Seyed Tayeb , Ebadi Abbas , Vahedian-Azimi Amir , Mokhtari-Nouri Jamileh
Published: January 2023

Background:

In order to achieve the major goals of transformation in the health care system, organizing and developing the existing potential properly play a pivotal role. The objective is to conduct a scoping review to describe available extent of literatures about scattered structure, process, and outcome factors of the clinical specialist nurse and redesign those as three cohesive and interconnected factors.

Materials and Methods:

A scoping review of studies was conducted from 1970 to June 20, 2020, focusing on the structure, process, and outcome factors of the clinical specialist nurse from six databases.

Results:

Forty-six studies were carried out. Structure (individual characteristics, intra-organizational, and governance factors), process (professional interactions, and roles and duties of a specialist nurse), and outcome (patient and family, nurse, and organizational outcomes) factors were identified.

Conclusions:

With the correct knowledge of the factors, it is possible to achieve the desired therapeutic, organizational, and professional results of nursing by providing the necessary fields in the structure, process, and outcomes. The identification of structures, processes, and outcomes that influence clinical nurse's role implementation may inform strategies used by providers and decision makers to optimize these roles across healthcare settings and guarantee the delivery of high-quality care.
Application of a Risk Management Program Based on the Health Belief Model for Preventing Home Accidents
Authors: Estebsari Fatemeh , Filabadi Zahra Raisi , Matbouei Mahsa , Nasiri Maliheh
Published: January 2023

Background:

Accidents are the main cause of mortality in children aged less than 5 years throughout the world. The present study was conducted to empower mothers with children aged less than 5 years in preventing home accidents through the implementation of a risk management training program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM).

Materials and Methods:

The present pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental study was conducted on 70 mothers with children aged less than 5 years who referred to Community Health Centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2019. The subjects were selected through multistage random sampling and were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 35) and control (n = 35) groups. The data were collected using a two-part questionnaire for demographic characteristics and HBM constructs before, immediately after, and 45 days after the implementation of the risk management training program at a significance level of <0.05.

Results:

No significant difference was observed between the two groups before the intervention in terms of HBM constructs (p>0.05). However, they significantly differed between the intervention and control groups after the intervention. Moreover, scores of HBM constructs were significantly different immediately and 45 days after the intervention (p <.05).

Conclusions:

The study results showed the effectiveness of the HBM-based risk management training program; thus, it is essential to design and implement such programs in community health centers to prevent and reduce injuries caused due to home domestic accidents.
Smoking Behavior and Cigarette Expenditure in a Household: Evidence for Smoke-Free Houses Initiation in Indonesia
Authors: Asyary Al , Veruswati Meita
Published: January 2023

Background:

The household is considered as a private area that is untouched tobacco control policies in developing countries, especially in Indonesia, which has not ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) treaty.

Objectives:

This study aims to identify smoking behavior and expenditure on cigarettes in the household, which are part of the initiation of a policy including a smoke-free home, so it assumes that the home is a public domain in Tegal Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.

Methods:

This research is an observational study with a quantitative descriptive design. A total of 225 subjects in the seven regions designated as smoke-free areas were all selected as samples in this study and were willing to be the subject of research.

Results:

The results found that 76.1% of smokers smoked with their nuclear family (wife/children/husband) present. Smoking behavior with the nuclear family inside the home (39.13%) and outside the home (36.96%) was more common than not smoking with the nuclear family. Expenditure for cigarettes per month was one-third of household revenue (IDR 607,521.74) based on the regency minimum wage (UMR) set by the local government.

Conclusions:

The study concludes that smokers who smoke with family still lack knowledge on smoking's impact on health and household economics. The smoke-free regulation that is initiated should include households as a parameter.
The Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Fatigue Assessment Scale in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ozkeskin Mehmet , Özden Fatih , Yüceyar Nur
Published: January 2023

Objective:

To demonstrate the psychometric properties of the Turkish Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 104 patients were recruited. The patients were assessed twice, 1 week apart. Patients completed the FAS, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), EuroQol-5 dimensions-3 L (EQ-5D-3 L), and Beck Depression Scale (BDS) in the initial assessment. Thirty-four patients completed the FAS again in the second assessment.

Results:

The mean age of the patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was 37.6 ± 10.1 years. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the FAS was excellent (ICC = 0.812). The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the FAS was 0.914. The alpha of the FAS was excellent (>0.80). Standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change of the FAS were 3.51 and 9.73 respectively. The relationship between the FAS (test, retest) and the FSS was excellent (r
1 = 0.767, r
2 = 0.782, P < 0.01). The EQ-5D-3 L index score was both strongly related with FAS (test, retest) (r
1 = −0.500, r
2 = −0.745, P < 0.01). The EQ-5D-3 L Visual Analog Scale score was also highly correlated with FAS (test, retest) (r
1 = −0.536, r
2 = −0.764, P < 0.01). Besides, FAS (test, retest) scores were strongly correlated with BDS total scores (r
1 = 0.540, r
2 = 0.571, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

The Turkish FAS is a reliable and valid scale for individuals with MS.
Emotion analysis in socially unacceptable discourse
Authors: Franza Jasmin , Evkoski Bojan , Fišer Darja
Published: January 2023

Texts often express the writer’s emotional state, and it was shown that emotion information has potential for hate speech detection and analysis. In this work, we present a methodology for quantitative analysis of emotion in text. We define a simple, yet effective metric for an overall emotional charge of text based on the NRC Emotion Lexicon and Plutchik’s eight basic emotions. Using this methodology, we investigate the emotional charge of content with socially unacceptable discourse (SUD), as a distinct and potentially harmful type of text which is spreading on social media. We experiment with the proposed method on a corpus of Facebook comments, resulting in four datasets in two languages, namely English and Slovene, and two discussion topics, LGBT+ rights, and the European Migrants crisis. We reveal that SUD content is significantly more emotional than non-SUD comments. Moreover, we show differences in the expression of emotions depending on the language, topic, and target of the comments. Finally, to underpin the findings of the quantitative investigation of emotions, we perform a qualitative analysis of the corpus, exploring in more detail the most frequent emotional words of each emotion, for all four datasets. The qualitative analysis shows that the source of emotions in SUD texts heavily depends on the topic of discussion, with substantial overlaps between languages.
Management of electronic records in the South African public sector
Authors: Matlala Mpubane Emanuel , Maphoto Asania Reneilwe
Published: January 2023

Many public sector organisations are struggling to properly manage their electronic records. The effective management of such records and their accessibility is crucial for the functioning of the public sector and provides citizens with evidence of that functioning. Recently, numerous public sector organisations have adopted newly developed technological tools to manage records, while some departments are still in the process of gradually introducing these. Electronic records are created through various information systems in government organisations but for them to be of full advantage in the realm of governance, they need to be carefully managed. Public sector organisations are positioning themselves to do just that by applying innovative mechanisms to deal with their records. An electronic records management system is expected to provide an integrated, efficient management of the records produced and stored in contemporary organisations. However, it is not a silver bullet to fix all issues, and proper management of electronic records continues to be a challenge due to a lack of sufficient skills, relevant policies, procedures, and standards, as well as a lack of knowledge in South Africa on how to utilise modern technologies to deal with the storage of public records. The present study aimed to identify challenges related to the management of electronic records in the South African public sector and to suggest strategies for resolving them. The study was based on a qualitative approach and applied the content analysis of relevant literature to identify gaps and suggest solutions. The study established that the government departments under investigation still lacked the requisite tools such as policies, standards, guidelines, adequate technological infrastructure, and that there was also a lack of sufficient funding and skills and competencies to effectively deal with electronic records. Hence, the study recommends more collaborative efforts to urgently address shortcomings to curb the continuous loss of invaluable electronic records that could ensure accountability, transparency, informed decision-making, and improved service delivery.
Estimation of Human Health Risk Due to Heavy Metals around Schools and Auto-Mobile Workshops near Frequented Roads in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu M. , Oladipo M. O. A. , Adeyemo D. J. , Nasiru R. , Bello S.
Published: January 2023

Heavy metals are widely known for their potential to cause carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks. In this work, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with heavy metals in the vicinity of schools and auto mechanic workshops close to busy roads in Kaduna state was assessed using NEX CG EDXRF MODEL with brand name RIGAKU situated at a UTM Laboratory, Malaysia. The obtained heavy metals concentrations were used to estimate the health effects that might result from exposure to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals for both the population ages using US EPA methodology. Findings indicated that in some locations the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards associated with exposure for residents was greater than the US EPA acceptable thresholds of 10-4 and 1 respectively. This indicated that the heavy metals may result to unacceptable carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, which is an issue of concern in public health especially looking at the way school children play around these areas. The present study therefore provides scientific basis for strategies required to protect human and environmental health in schools and automobile workshops.
Pre-crossed modules and rack homology
Authors: Mostovoy Jacob
Published: January 2023

We define a homology theory for pre-crossed modules that specifies to rack
homology in the case when the pre-crossed module is freely generated by a rack.
DEPENDENCIA EMOCIONAL Y VIOLENCIA EN EL NOVIAZGO EN JÓVENES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA ANTONIO GUILLERMO URRELO, CAJAMARCA, 2021.
Authors: Brito Larrea Vanessa V. , Durand Vargas Katherine R.
Published: January 2023

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre dependencia emocional y violencia en el noviazgo en jóvenes de la Universidad Privada Antonio Guillermo Urrelo de Cajamarca. El estudio fue descriptivo correlacional, con una muestra de 260 jóvenes de ambos sexos, los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario de Dependencia Emocional (CDE) y el Cuestionario de Violencia en el Noviazgo (CUVINO). Entre los resultados obtenidos se encontró una correlación directa estadísticamente significativa rs=,338** (p<,05) con un tamaño de efecto moderado entre la dependencia emocional y la violencia en el noviazgo, mujeres y varones tienen mayor prevalencia de dependencia emocional en el nivel medio 47,3% y 34.3% respectivamente, de manera similar en ambos sexos predomina el nivel medio de violencia en el noviazgo, en mujeres 51,5% y en varones 54,9%, así mismo se evidencia relación estadísticamente significativa entre las diferentes dimensiones de dependencia emocional con las dimensiones de violencia en el noviazgo.
Nárcisztika a politikában
Authors:   Milton Friedman University, Budapest, Kállai R. Gábor
Published: January 2023

"Facebook is an ideal field for all forms of political narcissism. The variations range from simple obsession with the self – which is the best-known expressive mode of narcissism – to tense compensation of self-hate. The classic narcissistic user is that who schematically hunts for likes in a fashionable hairstyle, with fashionable accessories, with fashionably cute children in a fashionable holiday spot, hiding in his/her own opinion bubble, erasing all opposing opinions. However, Facebook is also a daily field of interaction, in which debate partners and opposing opinions appear. For the atypical narcissistic user a countering opinion is a form of self-confirmation: despite all “attacks” I am right and all enemies can be defeated or erased. The elections and the currently unfolding war have fortified both types of narcissism. Professional politicians on Facebook – independent of their private personalities – are forced to appear narcissistic in either forceful or refined ways, this being a necessity of their calling. The analyst-type users – or those who present themselves in that way – are in a more complicated situation. In this circle the most affirming partner is one who comments with an opposing opinion. One can communicate an intellectual advantage over such partners using a so-called sense of reality derived from more education, or communicating an advantage in terms of grammar and use of language. The person writing the opposing opinion – depending on the topic – can be seen as uneducated, biased or a paid troll, who by the very act of posting their countering opinion confirm that the “analyst” is an exceptional individual. And is, of course, right."
A posztháborús állapot reprezentációja Szeleczky Zita sajtómegjelenéseiben, népbírósági perében és magánlevelezéseiben
Authors:   ", Lips Adrián ,   Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Szociológia és Kommunikációtudomány Doktori Iskola Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem, Művészettudományi és Szabadbölcsészeti Intézet", Mátravölgyi Dorottya ,   Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, Irodalomtudományi Doktori Iskola, Sztruhár Bettina ,   Pécsi Tudományegyetem
Published: January 2023

From 1936 to 1944, the Hungarian star world created a unique tabloid environment in both the print press and film production. Zita Szeleczky (1905–1999), one of the most popular Hungarian actresses of the 1930s and 1940s, was on the one hand called the little sister of the nation, and on the other hand, politically stigmatised on several occasions for her clumsy career planning and self-expression. The latter was due to the fact that, from the first years of the Second World War onwards, the actress made a number of objectionable decisions out of naivety, vanity or resentment. Her death was reported in the printed press and she was condemned as a war criminal in absentia. In the present study, we have not sought to comment on any of this, but have merely supplemented the factual information available in the press and in the People’s Court documents with relevant details from the private correspondence of 1946 and 1947, which illustrate the experiences and opinions of the actress and her colleagues. Zita Szeleczky’s career and fate were shattered, and she had to start her life anew during the post-war years. As a result of our research, it can be concluded that the main details of the actress’s character assassination were drawn from the antecedents of Zita Szeleczky’s People’s Court trial, from the articles examined in chronological order in 1945 and from the trial material. In addition, the post-war condition is reflected in several examples of Zita Szeleczky’s private correspondence from the period under study. Following her character assassination, her break with fate – the trauma she had suffered – she must have continued to fear that Italy would extradite her to Hungary and would have to execute her sentence. She also tried, partly with her colleagues and partly on her own, to launch her international career, which was not initially very successful, mainly due to post-war tensions in 1946 and 1947.
Editorial Programs in Transition: Post-Socialist Era Hungarian Publishing Houses in Romania
Authors:   Babeș-Bolyai University, Doctoral School of Hungarian Studies, Gálfalvi Ágnes
Published: January 2023

The tradition continued to be important, though the controversial issue of Hungarian book publishing in Romania following the 1989 changes from a socialist to a market economy and from a dictatorship to a democracy. While before 1989 the Hungarian publishing scene was largely dominated by one publishing house, Kriterion, during a period of transition it gradually diversified both structurally and in the way of editorial programs. Cultural traditions, the quality as well as the number of available manuscripts and the reading public’s expectations on the one hand, and financial and logistical circumstances on the other were some of the main factors that determined editorial programs in the transitional era. Pre-1989 Kriterion’s editorial program seems to have been a benchmark for budding publishing houses in many respects; however, there are also a number of positive/negative divergences. My paper examines the extent to which, after the regime change, Hungarian publishing houses in Romania continue and/or break the traditions established by former editorial boards, also, it presents the circumstances that influenced editorial programs in the new era.
The Power of Destructive Innovation Generation and Evolution: Changes in Customer Value System
Authors: Jei Wei , Bhaumik Amiya
Published: January 2023

Destructive innovation will progressively enter the global markets as efficiency rises, devouring more customer base until it replaces the previous top technology. The competitors' ability to compete has been weakened by destructive innovation, which has altered the industry's old norms of competitiveness. The idea created a brand-new customer value structure that newcomers can use strategically to catch up. The study of negative innovation has gained popularity in technological finance and strategic management. The issue with equating disruptive innovation with any scientific discovery that modifies the nature of competition in a market would be that various forms of development demand multiple sorts of strategic approaches. It's not likely that every business in a changing market will indeed be able to benefit from the insights that can be learned on how to become a successful "disruptive innovator" (or "fight off a disruptive rival").
Outcomes of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection in Oriental Patients with Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Thong Bernard YH , Koh Ee Tzun , Chng Hiok Hee , Chow Wan Cheng
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study was to ascertain the outcomes of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection following immunosuppressive therapy in 38 consecutive oriental patients with systemic rheumatic diseases.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective consecutive, non-comparative study.

Results: The majority of patients were female (26, 68.4%), predominantly Chinese (92.1%), with a mean age 54 ± 14 years (range, 16 to 87). The mean duration of rheumatic disease was 9 ± 11 years (range, 0.1 to 48), with rheumatoid arthritis (52.6%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (23.7%) being the most common. The mean duration of CHB infection was 6 ± 5 years (range, 0.1 to 17), with the majority diagnosed during pre-methotrexate screening (50.0%) and asymptomatic transaminitis following initiation of immunosuppressive therapy (23.7%). Upon diagnosis of rheumatic disease, all patients had normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Of these, 18.2% were positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and 78.1% were positive for anti-HBe antibody. Twenty (52.6%) developed ALT elevation, which was more than twice the upper limit of normal in 12 patients. ALT normalised spontaneously in 12 patients without hepatic decompensation or change in therapy. Seven (18.4%) patients received lamivudine for 18 ± 22 months (range, 2 to 61). Two patients developed YMDD mutation subsequently treated with adefovir (1) and adefovir/lamivudine (1). There were 3 (7.9%) hepatitis B virus (HBV)-unrelated deaths [infection (2), genitourinary malignancy (1)], and 1 from HBV-reactivation complicated by septicaemia. None have developed hepatocellular carcinoma.

Conclusion: Elevated ALT occurred in 52.6% of patients, with only 18.4% requiring anti-viral therapy for HBV reactivation. HBV-related mortality was low. With the appropriate precautionary measures, prednisolone and immunosuppressants (except methotrexate and leflunomide) may be used safely in patients where clinically indicated.

Key words: Ankylosing spondylitis, Lamivudine, Rheumatoid arthritis, Spondyloarthropathies
The Value of Joint Aspirations in the Diagnosis and Management of Arthritis in a Hospital-based Rheumatology Service
Authors: Chong Yong-Yeow , Fong Kok-Yong , Thumboo Julian
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Although joint aspiration with synovial fluid analysis is useful in the diagnosis of crystal or septic arthritis, the frequency with which it provides a diagnosis or aids subsequent management of patients with arthritis has not been well quantified. We therefore evaluated the usefulness of joint aspiration in the diagnosis and management of patients with arthritis in a hospital-based rheumatology service.

Materials and Methods: We reviewed records of all patients with joint aspiration performed by an inpatient rheumatology service in a tertiary referral hospital from November 2003 to December 2004. Data were extracted on the frequency with which joint aspiration provided a diagnosis or aided management.

Results: Among 76 patients [mean ± standard deviation (SD), 60.9 ± 15.9 years; 41 males, 35 females, Chinese (50), Malay (20), Indian (4) and others (2)] with 86 joint aspirations, a definitive diagnosis was obtained in 44% of procedures which showed gout (n = 28), septic arthritis (n = 8) or pseudogout (n = 2). In another 47% of procedures, joint aspiration aided diagnosis by allowing categorisation of synovial fluid as inflammatory (n = 25), non-inflammatory (n = 16) or blood-stained (n = 2). Joint(s) aspirated were knees (71%), ankles (15%), elbows (8%), shoulders (2%) and wrists, metacarpo-phalangeal and metatarso-phalageal (approximately 1% each). Conclusion: Joint aspiration provides a definitive diagnosis or information that aids diagnosis in a significant number of patients in a hospital-based rheumatology service.

Key words: Arthritis, Aspiration biopsy, Diagnosis, Rheumatology, Synovial fluid
Violence-Related Behaviours among Malaysian Adolescents: A Cross Sectional Survey among Secondary School Students in Negeri Sembilan
Authors: Lee Lai-Kah , Chen Paul CY , Lee Kick-Kit , Kaur Jagmohni
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of violence-related behaviours among adolescents and the factors associated with it.

Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional school survey conducted on 4500 adolescent students, using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected using the supervised self-administered questionnaire [a modified version of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance in the Malaysian National Language (Bahasa Malaysia)].

Results: Our study showed that 27.9% of students had been involved in a physical fight, 6.6% had been injured in a fight, 5.9% had carried a weapon, 7.2% had felt unsafe, 18.5% had had their money stolen and 55.0% had had their property stolen. Adolescents who carried weapons to school, smoked, used drugs, felt sad or hopeless and played truant were more likely to be involved in physical fights after adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity.

Conclusion: Violence-related behaviours among adolescents, especially involvement in physical fights, are common and are positively associated with certain factors such as smoking, taking drugs, playing truant, feeling sad or hopeless. Interventions designed at targeting adolescent violence should also address these factors and target the high-risk groups. There may be a need to identify and provide services for adolescents who exhibit these factors.

Key words: Adolescents, Malaysia, Violence, Violence-related behaviour
Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Bowen’s Disease of the Skin in Singapore
Authors: Foo Christopher CI , Lee Joyce SS , Guilanno Victoria , Yan Xiuyuan , Tan Suat-Hoon , Giam Yoke-Chin
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Non-melanoma skin cancer is one of the commonest cancers in Singapore and worldwide. The aim of our study was to evaluate the demographic and clinicopathological patterns of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and Bowen’s disease (BD) of the skin, in order to better understand the characteristics of these tumours in our population.

Materials and Methods: Histologically proven cases of SCC and BD seen at our centre between 2002 and 2003 were retrospectively analysed according to age, sex, race, predisposing factors such as immuno-suppression and ultraviolet therapy, site and size of tumour, histological differentiation and subtype, and treatment method.

Results: A total of 161 patients were studied – 81 with SCC, 68 with BD, and 12 with both tumours. There were 199 tumours in total – 105 SCC and 94 BD. For both SCC and BD, males outnumbered females (ratio of 2.4:1 and 1.5:1 respectively); patient age averaged 72.9 years and 66.8 years respectively; and Chinese were the majority race. The mean duration to presentation was 21.2 months for SCC compared with 39.9 months for BD, and common symptoms were itch, pain and bleeding for both. The mean tumour size was 19.0 mm and 18.5 mm, and the commonest site was the head and neck for both.

Conclusions: SCC and BD show rather similar patient characteristics, with a predominance among males, having a predilection for the head and neck region, and with a tendency towards slow growth. As incidences increase worldwide, it is important for healthcare providers to be adept at recognising and managing non-melanoma skin cancers.

Key words: Arsenic, Skin cancer
Evaluating the Optic Nerve and Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer: The Roles of Heidelberg Retina Tomography, Scanning Laser Polarimetry and Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Hoh Sek-Tien
Published: January 2023

Introduction: For many years, ophthalmologists have looked at the optic nerve head to evaluate the status of glaucoma. Clinical examination of the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) is however, subjective and sometimes variable. Recent developments in computer-based imaging technologies have provided a means of obtaining quantitative measurements of the optic nerve head topography and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness.

Methods: Multiple searches using Medline were carried out. Additional searches were made using reference lists of published papers and book chapters.

Results: Studies involving three imaging technologies namely, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, scanning laser polarimetry and optical coher-ence tomography were reviewed. Overall, these technologies were reproducible and demonstrate good sensitivity and specificity in the range of 70 to 80%. Inclusion of age and ethnicity normative database will make these technologies more effective in screening and diagnosis. Quantitative measurements provide useful parameters for monitoring of patients.

Conclusion: There is no consensus on the best technology for assessing structural damage in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Therefore, as with any investigation, the clinician should exercise clinical correla-tion and judgment before instituting the appropriate treatment.

Key words: Glaucoma, Imaging, Ophthalmoscopy, Optic neuropathy, Topography
Is There a Place for Placebo in Management of Psychogenic Movement Disorders?
Authors: Lim Erle CH , Ong Benjamin KC , Seet Raymond CS
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The management of psychogenic movement disorders is fraught with difficulties. Empathy and a non-judgemental manner are essential in dealing with patients, and a neurobiological explanation of the symptoms may help to foster trust, acceptance, understanding and recovery.

Clinical Picture: We report a 17-year-old Chinese girl with psychogenic blepharospasm. Her parents refused psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.

Treatment and Outcome: Placebo therapy (with parental consent) was prescribed with favourable results.

Conclusion: We examine the ethical considerations for and against placebo therapy, and explore the role of placebo therapy in the management of psychogenic movement disorders.

Key words: Consent, Ethical, Placebo, Psychogenic blepharospasm
Determination of Physico-Chemical Parameters of St. Nicholas River, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Education, School of Secondary Education Vocational (SSEV) federal college of Education (Technical) Omoku, Rivers State, Nigeria., Daniel Okadi , Kingdom Tonbarapagha ,   Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2023

The Physicochemical parameters of St. Nicholas River were determined from October, 2020 to September, 2021. Three sampling stations were identified and used throughout the duration of the studies. They were Meinmokiri, Ebierewo-bugo and Egeinkiri sampling stations. The physicochemical parameters were measured in situ with Mercury in Glass Thermometer for Temperature, Hand held Digital Salinometer for (Model AR8012) for Salinity, pH meter (Model PH-009(1)) for pH, Digital conductivity tester (Model AR8011) for Conductivity, TDS meter (Model AR8012) for Total Dissolved Solid, Digital Water Velocity meter (Model PF LV550) for Water Velocity, Secchi Disk for Transparency, Digital Depth Founder (Model SD-5) for Water Depth and Dissolved Oxygen Meter (Model OM-51-10) for Dissolved Oxygen. The mean values of the Physicochemical parameters of water at the three sampling stations are temperature; 29.98±0.550C, Dissolved Oxygen DO; 11.89±0.33mg/L, Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD; 2.06±0.26 mg/L, Salinity; 16.80±2.06 PPT, Conductivity; 27.54±3.03µS/cm, Total Dissolved Solids TDS; 9.44±0.50mg/L, pH; 7.41±0.14, Water Depth; 0.58±0.06m, Transparency; 27.27±0.03cm and Water Velocity; 54.79±5.71m3/s. These physicochemical parameters values are comparable with other water bodies in the Niger Delta indicating contaminated waters. The contamination was caused by anthropogenic activities in terms of parameters assessed, therefore mitigation should be put in place for biodiversity conservation and sustainability of the ecosystem.
Validity and Reliability of the Health Belief Questionnaire Model for Mental Health Behavior COVID-19 Survivor
Authors:   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Solo, Central Java, Indonesia, Setyaningrum Rohmaningtyas Hidayah
Published: January 2023

Background: Research using the Health Belief Model (HBM) is expected to be able to determine a determinant model of mental health behavior for Covid-19 survivors. The focus of HBM is Health Promotion at the individual level by looking at the protective and risk factors that are responsible for a person’s behavioral resistance. Until now there is no instrument that measures individual attitudes and beliefs based on the HBM for the mental health behavior of Covid-19 Survivors. Method: To assess the validity and reliability of the Health Belief Model Questionnaire for Mental Health Behavior for COVID-19 Survivors. This study is an observational study with a cross sectional approach that presents the results of the validity and reliability of the Health Belief Model Questionnaire instrument for Mental Health Behavior for COVID-19 Survivors. The questionnaire was compiled as many as 16 statement items based on a literature review. The questionnaire consists of Perceptions of Seriousness, Perceptions of Vulnerability, Perceptions of Benefits, Perceptions of Barriers with 4 question items each. The sample size is 64 people. The validity test uses the Pearson Product Moment Correlation formula with a coefficient value of 0.3, while the reliability test uses internal consistency with Cronbach’s Alpha with a coefficient value of 0.7. Results: The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the average age of Covid survivors was 18-40 years (78.1%), female (79.7%), undergraduate education level (75%), affected in wave II (54.7%) ). The results of the validity test of the 16 items contained 1 invalid item (perception of barriers), while the reliability test showed that of the 15 valid items the results were all reliable. Conclusion: Overall, the HBM questionnaire is valid and reliable to measure mental health behavior in COVID-19 survivors.
How to Shape Purchase Decision? The Influence of Marketing Mix toward Purchase Decision on Food Product
Authors:   Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Kanetro Bayu , Slamet Agus ,   Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Fitri Ichlasia Ainul ,   Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Sambodo Reo ,   Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Dwiarti Rina ,   Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Wulandari Astri ,   Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Santosa Awan ,   Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: January 2023

The aims of this to analyze the effect of the marketing mix of product, price, promotion, place, process, people, and physical evidence on the buying decision of processed food products at Erista Garden in Yogyakarta. This study focus on the Erista Garden’s product which developed by using sprouts-microgreens into a variety of rice-based functional foods. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach, using a descriptive test using SPSS statistics. The samples size is 55 respondents obtained by using non-probability sampling technique with accidental sampling. The results showed that the factors of product, price, promotion, place, process, people, and physical evidence are important determinants when buying processed food products at Erista Garden in Yogyakarta. The dominant factor influencing the decision to buy a product of Erista Garden in Yogyakarta, product quality that is beneficial to health and also relate to consumer tastes.
CYBERCRIME AND THE NATURE OF INSIDER THREAT COMPLEXITIES IN HEALTHCARE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Burrell Darrell Norman , Nobles Calvin , Cusak Austin , Omar Marwan , Gillesania Lemie
Published: January 2023

This article explores the nature of cybersecurity professionals being insider threats to their own organization, as well as the general increase in harder-to-detect threats coming from an ever-widening acceptance of third-party insiders, which organizations, biotechnology engineering, and other healthcare organizations rely on. After examining the current and emerging literature on how individuals are motivated to engage in problematic workplace behaviors as a means of gaining their specific goal or need, the paper articulates malicious cybersecurity insider threat indicators, then provides best practices for reducing the risk of these threats in healthcare and biotechnology engineering organizations.
An examination of the current knowledge on the stock structure of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) worldwide
Authors: Dufault S. , Whitehead H. , Dillon D.
Published: January 2023

There is no clear picture of the worldwide stock structure of sperm whales in spite of a great deal of effort, especially in areas where there has been substantial modern whaling. Techniques to examine stock structure have included: the interpretation of catch and sighting distributions and catch per unit of effort; morphological examinations; biochemical and genetic analyses; comparisons of life history parameters; mark-recapture using artificial and natural marks; the occurrence of parasitic infestations; and the comparison of vocal repertoires. Methods which depended on the whaling industry were often limited by unequal distribution of effort and lack of standardised collection methods. Also, most analyses failed to consider the effect of social groupings. Recent research, independent of the whaling industry, has addressed some of these problems. However, the results are equally inconsistent. Variation between the results of different studies can be explained, at least partially, by the temporal scales of the measures used. In general, groups of female and immature sperm whales appear to be restricted to ranges of about 1,000km over periods of 10 years or so. Occasionally, they move much further. Male ranges are generally larger, especially latitudinally. Occasional movements across, and sometimes between, ocean basins seem to have resulted in remarkable global genetic uniformity. To effectively conserve and manage sperm whales in the face of substantial anthropogenic disturbance, we need new and good information on modal and exceptional movement patterns over a range of timescales.
An initial examination of possible inferences concerning MSYR for Southern Hemisphere minke whales from recruitment trends estimated in catch-at-age analyses
Authors: Butterworth D.S. , Puntt A.E
Published: January 2023

A slightly modified version of the BALEEN II population dynamics model, which makes allowance for time trends in carrying capacityK, is fitted to the recruitment time series provided by the base-case ADAPT VPA assessment of the catch-at-age and survey abundance datafor minke whales in Area IV reported in Butterworth et al. (1999). The initial increasing trend of these recruitment estimates from1944-1968 is well fitted by the model, yielding an estimate of MS¥Ryyu of some 13% (or MSYR,. of about 6%) which is reasonably robustto changes in a number of assumptions such as variation in the period over which K is assumed to increase, The post-1970 drop inrecruitment indicated by the base-case ADAPT VPA assessment cannot be explained by the effects of catches and super-compensationalone, and requires the additional assumption of a recent decline in K. However, the need for this last assumption diminishes if allowanceis made for likely negative bias in the absolute abundance estimates from the IWC surveys input to the ADAPT VPA assessments.
Review of the biology and exploitation of striped dolphins in Japan
Authors: Kasuya Tosnio
Published: January 2023

The biology, distribution, abundance and exploitation of striped dolphins off Japan are reviewed in an attempt to collate the available information required for a better understanding of the status of populations exploited by Japanese fisheries. Striped dolphins are found in summer in three geographical aggregations in the Pacific waters off Japan, between 20° and 42°N. Occurrence is seasonal in the northern part of the range. They are uncommon in the Sea of Japan, East China Sea and Ryukyuan waters. School structure is believed to be fluid ‘Weaned juveniles usually leave their natal schools to aggregate with individuals of similar age. Adults move between schools dependi on sex and reproductive stanus. They have beon harvested along the Japanese coast since at least the 19th century. An annual catch of t0 21,000 continued from the end of World War II to the end of 1950s. This has been followed by a gradual decline in catches despite demand for dolphin meat. Changes in life history parameters such as female age at sexual maturity and perhaps in female reproductive eycles have occurred over time. Japanese multispecies dolphin fisheries now receive an annual quota of 725 striped dolphins. Fragmented information on morphology, life history, pollutant levels and genetics suggests that the striped dolphins taken by Japanese fisheries are from ‘more than one population, with varying proportions among fisheries and perhaps over time. Further study is needed to clarify population structure, immigration among populations, site fidelity and the function of dolphin ‘schools’.
A note on cephalopods from the stomachs of Dall’s porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) from the Northwestern Pacific and Bering Sea, 1978-1982
Authors: Fiscus Clifford H. , Jones Linpa L.
Published: January 2023

Cephalopod prey were identified from the stomachs of 100 Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dali) incidentally taken by commercial salmon gillnets and research vessels from 1978 to 1982 in the western North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, Fighty-four porpoise were collected Fi June and Joly during the salmon fishing season; the remainder were collected in August-Sepiember. Seven cephalopod families Gnoploteuthidae, Onychoteuthidae, Gonatidae, Histioteuthidae, Chiroreuthidae, Cranchiidac and Rolitaenidae) were identified in the Stomachs. Gonatids were the most abundant, comprising 98% of the beaks. Gonatopsis borealis was the most abundant species, occurring in 85 stomachs, The gonatids occur in meso- and epipclagic waters and many approach the surface at night when the porpoise are feeding.