bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LARUTAN ALKALI PADA KEKUATAN TARIK DAN UJI DEGRADASI KOMPOSIT POLIPROPILENA BEKAS BERPENGISI SERBUK SERABUT KELAPA
Authors: Fitriah Sari Nst  , Harry Abrido S  , Maulida
Published: October 2019

Composite is a combination of two different materials to obtain a material with physical properties and mechanical properties are better than any of its constituent parts. One of the many types of produced composite is composite with powdered natural fiber. This study uses the former polypropylene matrix derived from former cup bottle cup and powdered coconut fiber as filler treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The ratio of the matrix and the filler is 85:15. This ratio is the optimum value obtained by the composite tensile strength with some ratios are 100:0, 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of an alkaline solution of the resulting composite properties such as tensile strength, as well as the effect of degradation test on composite material former polypropylene with powdered coconut fiber as filler. Variation of composite degradation test were 10, 20 and 30 days, and immersion powder for 1 and 2 days. The method used in the manufacture of composites is the method of extrusion. The matrix form of the former polypropylene mixed with coconut fiber powder that has been soaked with NaOH, then mixed in a container, then put into the extruder operating temperature 1750C, printed using a hot press at a temperature of 1750C, and cut into pieces appropriate testing. The results showed that the optimum processing occurs with NaOH for 2 days. The test results showed degradation soaking for 2 days has tensile strength values ​​higher than 1 day is equal to 29,023 MPa at 0 day, 28,835 MPa at 10 days, 26,762 MPa at 20 days and 25,361 MPa at 30 days.
PENENTUAN KONDISI OPTIMUM SUHU DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI PADA PEMBUATAN ARANG DARI SEKAM PADI
Authors: Satriyani Siahaan  , Melvha Hutapea  , Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Published: October 2019

Charcoal is a solid porous material containing 80 - 90 % of carbon being produced from combustion at high temperatures (carbonization ), that the material only carbonized and not oxidized become carbon dioxide. The research is aimed to know the optimum conditions on the process of carbonization from the rice husks. The carbonization process conducted in temperatures 400 oC, 500 oC, and 600 oC with variations in time 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes and 120 minutes. Optimum conditions carbonization for rice husk at temperature 400 oC for 120 minutes with a carbon content 41,3 %, moisture content 6,1 %, ash content 32,6 % and volatile matter content 20,5 %.
KINETIKA REAKSI FERMENTASI ALKOHOL DARI BUAH SALAK
Authors: Fatimah  , Febrina Lia G  , Lina Rahmasari G
Published: October 2019

Research about bioethanol production from salak that are not marketable has been done. Salak containing 16.07% starch and 32.96% glucose, so that salak is potential to be converted into bioethanol by fermentation. This research aimed to study reaction kinetic of alcoholic fermentation that are the reaction kinetic of the hydrolysis of starch to glucose and fermentation of glucose to alcohol from salak by using Saccharomyces cereviseae. Hydrolysis of starch reaction containing two reaction rate controls that are chemical reaction and film diffusion. The results obtained for the hydrolysis reaction that the reacion rate constant is 1,41 x 10-11 and the film diffusion coefficient constant is 0,47 x 10-11 so the rate of the hydrolysis reaction is controlled by the film diffusion. Reaction rate constant for fermentation is 169,88. During the process of fermentation, the concentration of starch and glucose tended to decreased by time of fermentation and bioethanol concentration tended to increase by time of fermentation.
PEMANFAATAN BIJI KELOR SEBAGAI KOAGULAN PADA PROSES KOAGULASI LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN JAR TEST
Authors: Riko Putra  , Buyung Lebu  , MHD Darwis Munthe  , Ahmad Mulia Rambe
Published: October 2019

For a long time the use of moringa seed as waste rarely used, needs developing further to process liquid waste more economically and environmentally friendly. The research was done to find the effect of moringa seed as coagulant and the precipitation time to the turbidity decrease percentage, TSS and COD of liquid waste of whey industry by using the coagulation-flocculation method. The research variables are moringga seed dose (2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 and 6000 mg/liter of liquid waste of whey industry), the precipitation time (50, 60 and 70 minutes) with the particle size of 50 mesh and pH used is pH of liquid waste of whey industry. The research used the jar test tool. The data analysis was done graphically. The result of the research showed that in the range of time the observation was done, the moringa seed dose as an optimal coagulant being 3000 mg/liter of the liquid waste of whey industry in the precipitation time of 50 minutes could set aside the turbidity over 89,42%, TTS over 98,73% and COD over 69,58%.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LARUTAN ALKALI DALAM UJI FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED PADA KOMPOSIT TERMOPLASTIK BERPENGISI SERBUK SERABUT KELAPA
Authors: Johannes Leonard S  , Harry Abrido S  , Maulida
Published: October 2019

Composite is a combination of two different materials to obtain a material with physical and mechanical properties are better than any of its constituent parts. One of the composite types which is much produced is composite with powdered natural fiber filler. This research uses the used polypropylene matrix and powdered coconut fiber as filler treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The ratio of the matrix and the filler is 85:15. This ratio is the optimum value obtained by the composite tensile strength with ratio 100:0, 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of an alkaline solution of the resulting composite properties especially towards lignin level, with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) test on composite material used polypropylene with powdered coconut fiber as filler. The method used in the manufacture of composites is the method of extrusion. The matrix form of the used polypropylene mixed with coconut fiber powder that has been soaked with NaOH, then mixed in a container, then put into the extruder operating temperature 1750C, printed using a hot press at a temperature of 1750C, and cut into pieces appropriate testing. The results showed that the optimum processing occurs with NaOH for 2 days. The FTIR test result, showed that –OH cluster switch occured, be seen from the shifting of absortion band from 3417.04 cm-1 to 3476.84 cm-1 for the powdered coconut fiber and the shifting of absortion band from 3343.75 cm-1 to 3192.33 cm-1 for the composite, which is the –OH cluster of the lignin.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN GLISEROL TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK FILM PLASTIK BIODEGRADASI DARI PATI KULIT SINGKONG
Authors: Zulisma Anita  , Fauzi Akbar  , Hamidah Harahap
Published: October 2019

Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decompose in nature with the help of microorganisms. The use of starch as the main material of plastic manufacturing has great potential because in Indonesia there are different starch crops. To obtain bioplastics, starch is added to the glycerol, in order to obtain a more flexible plastic and elastic. This study reviews the use of cassava starch and glycerol skin asa base for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of adding glycerol in the process of making biodegradable plastic from cassava peel waste. In this research, the study of bioplastic manufacturing mixed starch with glycerol as a plastisizer to do variations of the glycerol. The results obtained in the form of a thin sheet of plastic (plastic film) that have been tested mechanical properties obtained optimum data variables namely cassava starch composition 3,5%, and the power og pull 0,02122Mpa, and plastic film storage time for 14 days.
PEMANFAATAN ABU KULIT BUAH KELAPA SEBAGAI KATALIS PADA REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK SAWIT MENJADI METIL ESTER
Authors: Muhammad Yusuf Ritonga  , Doni Hermanto Sihombing  , Allen Rianto Sihotang
Published: October 2019

Transesterification is the reaction to produce methyl esters in which this reaction’s catalyst involves coconut shell burnt ash at temperature of 550, 600, 650 °C for 8 hours and uses 1%, 2%, 3% (w/w) of ash. Ash used was dissolved in 75 ml of methanol to obtain potassium methoxide compound and was analyzed by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) to determine potassium content. Palm oil involved in the processing stage of degumming with the addition of 0,6% (w/w) H3PO4 85% to remove gum then followed by an esterification reaction using 3,0% (w/w) H2SO498% as the catalyst to reduce FFA<1%. The temperature of transesterification reaction was at 65 °C for 2 hours, ratio of methanol: CPO 6:1 (n/n) and 500 rpm agitation. Quantitatively, the optimum yield of 81% methyl esters is gained with shell burnt ash at temperature of 600 ° C, 1% (w/w) of ash with the specification of methyl esters as density, kinematic viscosity and flash point are relatively conformed to SNI04-7182-2006 biodiesel and 92.99% purity methyl ester with 4.62% total glycerin,2.39% free glycerin based on GC (Gas Chromatography).
SIFAT-SIFAT MEKANIK KOMPOSIT POLIPROPILENA BERPENGISI ABU PEMBAKARAN BIOMASSA KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Danil Tarmizi  , Kartini Noor Hafni  , A. Haris Simamora
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to determine the effect of palm oil fuel ash composition of the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites. Composites made by extrusion and injection molding method by mixing polypropylene and palm oil fuel ash with filler composition, respectively 10, 15, and 20 (% w/w). Mechanical properties which tested are tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength. The results obtained from the study is the addition of filler palm oil fuel ash in polypropylene composites decrease the mechanical properties of the composites, such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BERBAGAI AKTIVATOR DALAM PROSES PENGOMPOSAN SEKAM PADI (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Irvan  , Permata Mhardela  , Bambang Trisakti
Published: October 2019

Composting process of rice husk (Oryza sativa) by adding various activators have been carried out in LPPM Training Center, University of Sumatera Utara. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of variation of slurry and bacteria (yeast and EM4) on rice husk composting results. The parameters observed were changes in temperature, water content, C/N ratio, and pH. At the end of the composting results showed that the addition of slurry, yeast and EM4 can lower the temperature and C / N ratio, and with the addition of yeast and 2 liters of slurry can speed up the process of decomposition of compost.
PEMANFAATAN ABU CANGKANG KERANG DARAH (ANADARA GRANOSA) SEBAGAI KATALIS DALAM PEMBUATAN METIL ESTER DARI MINYAK JELANTAH
Authors: Bernandus Petrus  , Andika Prasetyo Sembiring  , Mersi Suriani Sinaga
Published: October 2019

Transesterification is the reaction to produce methyl esters in which this reaction’s involves catalyst of blood clam shell ashes of combustion at temperatures of 900 ° C for 3 hours and the amount of ash that is used by 8%, 10%, 12% (w / w). Ash used in dissolved in methanol with a molar ratio of methanol: oil of 9: 1, 12: 1 (n / n) to obtain a compound of calcium methoxide. Used cooking oil is filtered and then esterified with catalyst 3.0% (w / w) H2SO4 98% and methanol: oil TG (6: 1) to reduce the FFA to <1%. Transesterification reaction is carried out at a reaction temperature of 65 ° C for 3 hours, and keep stirring 700 rpm. Quantitatively, the optimum yield of methyl ester in the amount of ash produced is 12% (w / w) and the molar ratio of methanol: oil at 12: 1 (n / n) of 56.51% with specification methyl esters such as density, kinematic viscosity and purity methyl ester biodiesel in accordance with SNI 04-7182-2006, based on the analysis of GC (Gas Chromatography), the purity of the resulting methyl ester was 98.79%.
PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI TERHADAP NILAI KALOR DAN KARAKTERISTIK PADA PEMBUATAN BIOARANG BERBAHAN BAKU PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnata)
Authors: Erwin Junary  , Julham Prasetya Pane  , Netti Herlina
Published: October 2019

The availability of the petroleum fuels that deprived from fossil is depleted with the increase of human population. The challenge for this fuel shortage crisis can certainly be anticipated with the manufacture of fuels deprived from renewable biomass. The study of this research is to create a biocharcoal deprived from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) with the optimum carbonization time and temperature in order to obtain a biocharcoal with the highest calorific value. Biocharcoal is a charcoal created from biomass. The study of the determination of the optimum conditions for the manufacture of biocharcoal from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) has a temperature variable of 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 0C and time variable of 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Sugar palm was first cut into a small pieces and dried up under the sun and then put into a furnace to carbonate it according to the predetermined variables. The product from furnace was then put inside a desicator to cool it off for 30 minutes and then analyze it with moisture content test, ash content test, volatile matter content test, carbon content test and calorific value test. The best result was obtained at the temperature of 350 0C and 120 minutes of carbonization with the calorific value of 8611,2581 cal/gr, moisture content of %, ash content of %, volatile matter content of % and carbon content of %. Based of the calorific value obtained, the result shows that sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) biocharcoal could be utilize as an renewable alternative source fuels
PENGARUH SUHU ADSORPSI DAN JUMLAH PENAMBAHAN KARBON AKTIF TERHADAP KECERAHAN SURFAKTAN DECYL POLIGLIKOSIDA DARI D-GLUKOSA DAN DEKANOL
Authors: Walad Wirawan  , Rap Leanon  , Zuhrina Masyithah
Published: October 2019

Alkyl plyglycosides (APG) is a nonionic surfactant which is environmentally friendly. Carbohidrate source as APG’s raw material supplied the hydrophilic group, and fatty alcohol acted as hydrophobic group. Some undesirable compounds formed during the APG synthesis and caused dark color. In direct synthesis, D-glucose reacts directly with decanol in molar ratio of D-glucose:decanol is 1:5 and 0,5 % of HCl as catalist based on weight of D-glucose for 1 hour at reaction temperature about 95 oC. And then the solution is neutralized with NaOH 50 % on pH 8-10. Added activated carbon with variation 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 % based on weight of solution at adsorption temperature with variation 30, 40, dan 50 oC, then filtrate and distilate the solution at vacuum condition. Product is analized using spectroscopy fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and spectroscopy UV-Vis. The highest percent of transmittance is about 44,90 % obtained at adsorption temperature 50 oC and amount of activated carbon 3 %.
PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis) MELALUI REAKSI OKSIDASI ASAM NITRAT
Authors: Yos Pawer Ambarita  , Iloan Pandang H M  , Seri Maulina
Published: October 2019

Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the molecular formula H2C2O4 which has a wide range of applications in industry. Oxalic acid can be used as fiber bleaching agents, reagents in chemical analysis, and also used in mineral purification of metals. This study aims to determine the effects of temperature and reaction time to quantity and quality of oxalic acid produced by nitric acid oxidation from palm frond powder. The method used for the manufacture of oxalic acid in this study is oxidation method. In this method palm frond powder will be reacted with nitric acid 40 % in the ratio 1: 6 (w/v) at temperature 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85 °C and reaction time 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 minutes, thus obtained oxalic acid. The research was conducted in several stages: oxidation reaction stage, filtration, precipitation with CaCl2, acidification with H2SO4 and efflorescence. Oxalic acid product quality analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Plate Melting Point Apparatus. The maksimum yield of oxalic acid was about 23.20 % which obtained at 80 °C and at reaction time 50 minutes.
PEMBUATAN PEREKAT LIGNIN RESORSINOL FORMALDEHID DARI NATRIUM LIGNOSULFONAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Siti Maysarah  , Netti Herlina
Published: October 2019

Oil palm empty fruit bunchesn are waste from palm oil mill utilization is still limited. Lignin utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunhes made of natural adhesive manufacture. Making adhesive is carried out in several stages namely the manufacture of powder oil palm empty fruit bunches free extractives, lignin isolation, the manufacture of sodium lignosulfonate, sodium purification lignosulfonate and the manufacture of adhesive. Making the lignin resorcinol formaldehide adhesive is done by differences sodium lignosulfonate : resorcinol : formaldehyde mole ratio are ratio 1:1:1, ratio 1:1:2 and ratio 1:1:3. The results obtained from testing the appearance of the adhesive has a blackish brown color. pH of each ratio is ratio 1:1:1 11,2, ratio 1:1:2 11,4 and ratio 1:1:3 12,0. Adhesive densities are ration 1:1:1  1,2857, ratio 1:1:2  1,2119, and ratio 1:1:3  1,3097. Viscosities are ratio 1:1:1  108,83 cps, ratio 1:1:2  94,31 cps and ratio  1:1:3 129,92 cps. The rest of the evaporation are ratio 1:1:1  50,77%, ratio 1:1:2  42,35% and ratio 1:1:3 41,01%. Test results compared with standard phenol formaldehyde which is SNI 06-4567-1998 liquid phenol formaldehyde and result ratio 1:1:3 the best of  another ratio .
PENGARUH SUHU VULKANISASI DAN KOMPOSISI BENTONITE CLAY YANG DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN ALKANOLAMIDA DARI BAHAN BAKU RBDPKO PADA PRODUK LATEKS KARET ALAM
Authors: Friska Erdiana Tambunan  , Hamidah Harahap
Published: October 2019

The is research aims to determine the effect of vulcanization temperature and composition of bentonite clay as good filler on mechanical properties of natural rubber latex product. In this study, we use bentonite clay as filler and alkanolamide as compatibilizer. The material used in this study are high ammonia latex 60%, curative agents such as sulfur, ZnO, ZDEC, AO, KOH, bentonite clay and alkanolamide. Alkanolamide is synthesized from amidation reaction between Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Kernel Oil and diethanolamine. The methodology includes pre-vulcanizing natural rubber latex with certain formulation, then vulcanized using dipping method. The variable used in this study is filler loading, from 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 gram, and vulcanization time 10 minutes.  The products were then tested in order to observe its mechanical properties, FTIR characterization, SEM characterization and crosslink density. The results show that the synthesized alkanolamide possess the functional group desired. Alkanolamide modified bentonite clay loading is capable of increasing crosslink density and mechanical properties of the products. Optimum filler loading is reported on 10 gram and optimum vulcanization at 120oC.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MALEAT ANHIDRIDA-GRAFTED-POLIPROPILENA TERHADAP SIFAT KEKUATAN BENTUR DAN PENYERAPAN AIR KOMPOSIT HIBRID PLASTIK BEKAS KEMASAN GELAS BERPENGISI SERBUK SERAT AMPAS TEBU DAN SERBUK SERAT KACA
Authors: Castiqliana  , Silvia  , Halimatuddahliana
Published: October 2019

A study on wasted polypropylene/modified bagasse fiber flour/E-type glass fiber flour with maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene addition hybrid composite was performed and its impact properties and water absorption ability was analyzed. Glass fiber flour and maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene compositions were made constant at 10 wt.% and 2 wt.% respectively, and modified bagasse fiber flour composition was varied from 10-40 wt.%. Surface modification on bagasse flour with 1% sodium hydroxide was also conducted. The composites were prepared in an extruder. The result showed that the maximum impact strength of 46,6 J/cm2 was obtained in addition of modified bagasse fiber flour of 30 wt.%. Impact strength result was also supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. Water absorption test showed that the increase of modified bagasse fiber flour content resulted to the increase of water absorbance and composites with maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene addition had lower ability to absorb water when compared to composite without maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene addition in the same fillers content.
PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis) DENGAN KALSIUM HIDROKSIDA
Authors: Iloan Pandang H M  , Yos Pawer Ambarita  , Seri Maulina
Published: October 2019

Palm frond is the solid waste which is high in cellulose. Further processing of palm frond is capable of producing high quality product such as oxalic acid. The aim of this research was to obtain the effect of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) concentration and reaction time on the yield of oxalic acid produced with palm frond as raw material. This study was done with two steps. The first step was the preparation of palm frond until it was ready to be used. The second step was the conversion step which consists of fusion, filtration and crystallization. Oxalic acid produced was then analyzed with quantitative analysis of yield percentage and qualitative analysis using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and plat melting point apparatus. The result showed that the maximum yield of oxalic acid was achieved at Ca(OH)2 concentration of 3.5 N and reaction time of 60 minutes, the value was 6.07 % based on weight of palm frond. The qualitative analysis showed that the vibration of functional groups had approached the standard oxalic acid with the melting point was 106.2 oC.
EKSTRAKSI LIKOPEN DARI BUAH TOMAT (Lycopersicum Esculentum) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT TUNGGAL DENGAN METODE KRISTALISASI ANTISOLVENT
Authors: Sola Fide Gavra Tarigan  , Deviana C.S. Sinaga  , Zuhrina Masyithah
Published: October 2019

This research was aimed to study the effect of feed and solvent ratio (f/s), antisolvent variety and solvent variety to the extraction of lycopene from tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum)by using single solvent and antisolvent crystalization method. The solvent that used was hexane and ethyl acetate and also methanol and ethanol as the antisolvent. Tomatoes was milled and then extracted. Antisolvent then added to the extract which was obtained. The results show that the more feed and solvent ratio (f/s) the more lycopene obtained. At the ratio of 1:4,5 with hexane as the solvent obtained the highest lycopene yield were 2,7 mg/150 ml and 2,2 mg/150 ml. Whereas at the ratio of 1:4,5 with ethyl acetate as the solvent obtained the highest lycopene yield were 3,2 mg/150 ml dan 2,8 mg/150 ml. By using methanol as an antisolvent, much lycopene would be obtained. By using ethyl acetate as a solvent, much lycopene would be obtained.
KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET DARI SEKAM PADI DAN KETAMAN KAYU BERPEREKAT DAUN JAMBU METE
Authors: Widya Gema Bestari  , Mutiara Mendopa  , Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Published: October 2019

Briquettes are biomass compaction technology as alternative energy sources with or without binder in different shape and size. The research is aimed to analyze the best carbonization process, compaction pressure and binder concentration for quality of briquettes. In this resarch, rice husk and wood shaving are used as raw materials  carbonized at different process, named by carbonization process 1 and other carbonization process 2. Carbonization process 1 was done by carbonized each raw material and then mixed while carbonization process 2 was done by mixed raw materials then carbonized. Raw materials were blended with cashew nut leaves binder at concentration 10%, 12,5%, 15%, and 20% and then compacted at pressure 85 kg/cm2 and 105 kg/cm2. The best briquette was briquette that rice husk and wood shaving were carbonized by carbonization process 1 blended with 15% binder and compacted at 85 kg/cm2 and had calorific value 2045,8271 cal/g.
PEMANFAATAN KULIT JENGKOL SEBAGAI ADSORBEN DALAM PENYERAPAN LOGAM Cd (II) PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PELAPISAN LOGAM
Authors: Setiaty Pandia  , Budi Warman
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research is to study the effect of activation processes to iodine number of ngapi nut peel adsorbent and to study the optimum adsorbent mass to reduce metallic Cadmium (Cd) concentration in electroplating wastewater. Ngapi nut peel was cleaned and mashed to a size of 100 mesh of sieve tray and then activated using nitric acid (HNO3) 4 N with specific ratio ngapi nut peel : nitric acid while heated at specific activation temperature and duration. Adsorbent dried in oven at specific temperature and duration of drying. Adsorbent with optimum iodine number then used in batch adsorption that carried out by using variations of mass in 50 mL of wastewater. The results showed that the optimum ratio of ngapi nut peel : nitric acid is 20:1 mg/mL at activation temperature 90°C, duration of activation 120 minutes, drying temperature 110 °C and duration of drying 120 minutes with iodine number 634.50 mg/g. The optimum mass of adsorbent is 1 g with capacity of adsorbent 1,326 mg/g.
PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK DEDAK PADI DENGAN REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN ZEOLIT ALAM YANG DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN KOH
Authors: Taslim  , Sri Zahrani Dwi Mauliyah Parinduri  , Putri Retno Wahyu Ningsih
Published: October 2019

Biodiesel was usually produced from transesterification using alchohol. In this research rice bran oil was used as feedstock and methanol was used as reagent. The transesterification of rice bran oil had studied using KOH/natural zeolite as a solid heterogeneous catalyst. The objective of this study was to discover the effectivess of using natural zeolite modified by KOH as heterogeneous catalysts in the production of biodiesel from rice bran oil (RBO). KOH/natural zeolite catalyst was prepared by modification through impregnation method which was conducted on various KOH concentration (75 gram/100 ml – 175 gram/100 ml).  Transesterification reaction was conducted at 60 ºC, 500 rpm, and various amount of catalyst (2-4%), reaction time (1,5-3,5 hour) and molar ratio alcohol/oil (8:1-12:1). The highest yield of biodiesel was 98,71%, which was obtained by using 2% catalyst, reaction time 2 hour, molar ratio alcohol/oil 10:1. Natural zeolite as heterogeneous catalyst which modified by KOH could get the higher yield biodiesel on transesterification.
PENGARUH WAKTU AKTIVASI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK ADSORBEN DARI KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa acuminate L) YANG DIAKTIVASI SECARA FISIKA
Authors: Elvitriana  , Vera Viena  , Muhammad Nizar  , Sari Wardani
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to analyze the effect of activation time on characteristics of banana peels (Musa acuminate L) adsorbent prepared by physics activation. The adsorbent was prepared through two stages, the carbonation of banana skin conducted at 400 oC for 1.5 hours and the physics activation process conducted at 600 oC for 15, 30, and 45 minutes with variations 50 mesh and 100 mesh in size. Adsorbent characteristic parameters analyzed were water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, adsorption capacity of iodine, and determination of functional groups using FTIR. Results showed that characteristics of banana peels adsorbent met SNI No. 06-3730-1995 with a water content of 2-8%, 2-9% ash content, 12-17% volatile matter, fixed carbon 73-84% with iodine absorption of 952 mg/g. Results of FT-IR spectra, adsorbent has an absorption band spectra at wave number of 2850 – 2960 cm-1 with stretching vibration appeared on C-H group with intensity 92.50 with activation time of 45 minutes and 50 mesh size. Based on its characteristics analysis, it can be concluded that adsorbent from banana peels has potential to be applied as one of the active carbon absorbent for liquid and gaseous waste.
KINERJA MIKROBA Zymomonas mobilis DAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae UNTUK MENGURAIKAN HIDROLISAT TONGKOL JAGUNG MENJADI BIOETANOL DENGAN PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI DAN RASIO PENAMBAHAN MIKROBA
Authors: Fatimah  , Deralisa Ginting  , Veronica Sirait
Published: October 2019

Bioethanol from biomass is one of energy which  has a  potential as  alternative fuel. Bioethanol can be produced by using fungi or bacteria. The research was about  the performance of Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to change corn cobs hydrolyzate into bioethanol by adding microbes to the influence of time and ratio of  fermentation had been done. The hydrolyzate  were decomposition of corn cobs using Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. The purpose of this study was to know the conversion of  hydrolysis of corn cobs into bioethanol with variation time of fermentation (1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days) and rate of adding microbes  (Zymomonas mobilis : Saccharomyces cerevisiae = 1:1; 1:2 and 2:1) (v/v). The glucose from corn cobs hydrolyzate was 5,869 g/ml. Fermentation wass carried out at 25 0C. Bioethanol which obtained from this study was investigated using gas chromatography. The optimum bioethanol yield was equal to 6,31% by using Zymomonas mobilis : Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2:1) and at the 3 days  fermentation time.
PENGARUH SUHU, WAKTU, DAN KADAR AIR BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP PIROLISIS SERBUK PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Seri Maulina  , Feni Sari Putri
Published: October 2019

Palm plantation  produce waste in form of palm midribs in large number. One of the way to handle and increase the value of palm midrib waste is by pyrolysis. The particle size of raw material that used in this study was 23 – 50 mesh. The reduction of raw material size can increase the heating rate of pyrolysis. This study aimed to analyze the effect of temperature, time, and water content of raw material on the yield and pH of liquid smoke. Pyrolysis of palm midrib powder was processed at 150 oC, 200 oC, and 250 oC  with various time was 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. The study found that the yield of liquid smoke tend to increase with rising pyrolysis temperature and time until the condition when un-condensable gas was produced more so that the increase of pyrolysis temperature and time will further decrease the yield. The highest yield of liquid smoke obtained at 250 oC for 30 minutes, is 20,69%. The best pH of liquid smoke obtained at pyrolysis temperature 250 oC for 90 minutes, is 2,6.
Water-Demand Growth Modelling in Puerto Ayora’s Water Distribution Network Using EPANET
Authors: Reyes María , Trifunović Nemanja , Sharma Saroj , Kennedy Maria
Published: October 2019

This paper elaborates the hydraulic characteristics of the water supply network of the town of Puerto Ayora. First, it intends to replicate the household individual storage by simulating nodal tanks with the use of the EPANET software. Later, it uses the Pressure-Driven Approach (PDA) to develop a methodology that estimates the overflow of storage facilities, one of the main sources of wastage in Puerto Ayora. Finally, it uses the Demand-Driven Approach (DDA), with the aim of assessing the network in the future, under four population growth scenarios. With the chosen moderate growth scenario, two options are suggested in order to tackle the water supply issues at the end of the planning horizon.
The Challenge of the Enforcement of the Rule of Law and Governance in Palestine: The Tribal Justice System and the Rule of Power
Authors: Dodeen Mahmoud M.
Published: October 2019

The article addresses the system of tribal justice and the rule of power in the Occupied Palestinian Territories as two key obstacles to the enforcement of the rule of law and governance. The article presents the legal grounds for the involvement of tribesmen in resolving disputes among citizens outside the rule of law. It goes on to analyze the role and interest of the executive authority in encouraging the involvement of tribes while the authority continues to interfere in the affairs of the official judiciary in both functional and structural terms. It also explores a number of illegal legislative and regulatory interventions made by the president of the executive authority with the effect of undermining official institutions supporting good governance and transparency. The article finds that it is impossible to enforce the rule of law in the Occupied Palestinian Territories as a result of existing practices that are difficult to change without renewing constitutional legitimacy by referring to the people as the source of authority for criminalizing any act contrary to or impeding the rule of law, or impeding or encroaching on the jurisdiction of the official judiciary.
Active Aging: Social Network of Community-Dwelling Thai Elderly
Authors: Satsanasupint Panarat , Chamaratana Thanapauge
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between active aging, social network, and community-dwelling Thai elderly in Northeastern of Thailand. A total of 405 Thai elderly, we adopted a systematic random sampling was used for data collection, and conducted in 2018. This study shows that 63.5% were female, mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of study subjects was 68.9 ± 6.7 years. It has made up 66.4% that moderate levels of active aging. Health, participation, and security dimension most subjects had a moderate level at 72.9%, 61.2%, 67.7%. We found that a positive associated with personal factor, household factor, community factor, and social network factor. Our results also suggest that elderly service providers should pay more attention to group interaction, neighboring support, and facilitated in the community.
Quantification of lignin-carbohydrate complexes in hardwood pulps, Part 2: Effects of bleaching chemicals
Authors: J. NICHOLSON DAVID , V. DUARTE GUSTAVO , F. ALVES ERICKA , J. KIEMLE DAVID , T. LEAVITT AARON , C. FRANCIS RAYMOND
Published: October 2019

High kappa number kraft and soda-anthraquinone (soda-AQ or SAQ) pulps from sugar maple (Acer saccharum) were investigated to see how the lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) they contained affected lignin removal by oxygen, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide. The chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide doses were higher than normal because both pulps had unbleached kappa numbers in the range of 61-62. Only oxygen delignification was investigated with the SAQ pulp. The research focused on the strong lignin-carbohydrate (L-C) linkages only. The pulp carbohydrates were enzymatically degraded and solubilized, thus leaving an enzymatic lignin (EL) residue. The highest concentration of bound sugars (glucan, xylan, arabinan, and galactan) on any of the ELs was <2.1 wt%. Chlorine dioxide (D stage) was investigated at end pHs of 2.1, 2.9, and 4.0, followed by extraction with dilute sodium hydroxide. Lignin oligomers containing bound glucan and arabinan were unreactive and accumulated in the fibers. When oxygen was used to delignify kraft and SAQ pulps by ~50%, only ~10% of the lignin bound arabinan was solubilized. Galacto-lignin complexes were somewhat reactive to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide under alkaline conditions, but less reactive in the D stages. Consistent with literature data, xylo-lignin complexes were reactive toward oxygen and toward the other two oxidants. They do not appear to be major impediments in the bleaching process.
Applicability of electrodialysis to the separation of sodium acetate from synthetic alkaline hardwood extract
Authors: PATIL RAVIKANT , TRUONG CHI , GENCO JOSEPH , PENDSE HEMANT , VAN HEININGEN ADRIAAN
Published: October 2019

Our objective was to develop a process for recovering acetyl groups from industrial northeast hardwood chips. Extraction experiments showed that the white liquor charge of 6% effective alkali at 50°C and liquor-to-wood ratio of 4:1 leads to the complete extraction of acetyl groups from industrial hardwood chips. Electrodialysis was assessed as a technique for separating and concentrating sodium acetate from synthetic hardwood extract. Preliminary separation experiments using dilute sodium acetate showed that the sodium acetate can be concentrated up to approximately 24% by weight from an initial concentration of about 2% by weight. The effects of current density, feed concentration, electro-osmosis, and osmosis on the separation of sodium acetate were evaluated. Finally, selectivity experiments were performed to study the effect of various components of the white liquor on the separation of sodium acetate. Fully oxidized synthetic white liquor was used in selectivity experiments to avoid deleterious effects of Na2S. Selectivity experiments using synthetic oxidized white liquor showed a significant decrease in the separation efficiency due to the presence of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfate in the synthetic extract.
АНАЛІЗ ІСНУЮЧИХ ПРОГРАМНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ ДЛЯ РОЗРАХУНКУ ЧАСУ ЕВАКУАЦІЇ ЛЮДЕЙ ПІД ЧАС ПОЖЕЖІ
Authors: Teslenko O , Tsymbalistyi S , Kravchenko N , Dotsenko O , Krykun O
Published: October 2019

В статті розглядаються існуючі програми для розрахунку часу евакуації людей під час пожежі. Розглянуто наукові роботи з вивчення моделей руху людей під час евакуації з приміщень з використанням різних методів математичного розрахунку. Проведений порівняльний аналіз існуючих програмних комплексів в області розрахунків. Наведено порівняльний аналіз математичних методів закономірностей руху людей під час пожежі у програмних продуктах. Дано висновок щодо функціональності досліджуваних програмних комплексів.
The Effect of Reinforcement toward Students' Speaking Ability
Authors: Kusumawardhani Herdianti , S Syafrizal , Kurniawan Ildi
Published: October 2019

This Experimental Research was conducted to find out whether reinforcement can improve the students’ speaking ability or not. The population of the research was the tenth grade students of SMAN 7 Bengkulu. The simple random sampling of the research was taken X MIPA 1 as the Experimental Group. The collection data used pre-test and post-test to see the changes of the students’ speaking score. T-test used to see the significant difference between both tests. The treatment is given to the students a set of praises as feedback in every students oral response. After doing 6 times of treatment on Experimental Group, the result indicates that reinforcement affected students speaking ability significantly. It was found that -Tcount was -18,351and  -Ttable was -2,060. It means that -Ttable score was greater than -Tcount. It could be concluded that the experiment was successful because of reinforcement can improve the students’ speaking ability.
EFL Learners’ Perceptions towards their Self-Efficacy in Learning Public Speaking Course
Authors: Maryam Ima Siti , Febriani R Bunga , Kurnia Asep Dudi
Published: October 2019

This article reports on EFL learners’ perception towards their self-efficacy in public speaking course. Self-ef?cacy has been de?ned as a person’s perceptions of his or her capabilities to complete a speci?c task with the skills that s/he possesses (Bandura, 1997). Thus, It is important for students to measure their skill in order to improve achievement in public speaking course. This research employed a survey study by means of two data collection techniques; questionnaire and interview. The sample of this research was 60 third year students of English department Galuh University. The research result showed that students’ self-efficacy improved after learning public speaking course and the students felt confident using English in front of people. Furthermore, self-efficacy affected not only in public speaking course but also in the other courses. Meanwhile, the high and low self-efficacy might be affected students’ achievements, however, they have similar purpose in public speaking courses, which they want to speak formally without feeling nervous. They have various efforts and strategies to achieve success in this course. This research concludes that self-efficacy in public speaking learning process to third year students of English department Galuh University was important to improve their achievement in speaking skill and improve their confident.
The Analysis of Adult Autism Spectrum Disorders Screening Using Neural Network
Authors: Nurfalah Ridan , Rahayu Sri , Akbar Muhammad Faittullah
Published: October 2019

One of the increasing developmental disorders in Indonesia is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), developmental disorder characterized by difficulties to conduct verbal and non-verbal communication and social interaction. This disorder cannot be tolerated and requires early treatment to reduce its development. However, ASD treatments required ineffective treatment costs and waiting times diagnosis were lengthly. One effective alternative diagnosis isto use the screening technology to determine the early symptoms of ASD disorders. The rapid development of the number of ASD cases around the world required researchers to determine a dataset with behavioral properties to update the screening process. Thus, the purpose of this study is to predict the success of screening performed on adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using the researchers’ results dataset, so that the dataset could be used as a benchmark for the success of the ASD screening process. The method used is machine learning neural network method with 100 training cycle, learning rate 0,01 and momentum 0,9 resulted in a classification accuracy of 96.00%
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ПРОЦЕСІ ВИКЛАДАННЯ КУРСУ ЗА ВИБОРОМ «ТРЕНДСПОТТИНГ ТА ПРОФЕСІЙНЕ МАЙБУТНЄ СУЧАСНОГО ФАХІВЦЯ»
Authors: Aleksieieva Oksana R. , Butenko Liudmila L. , Kurlishchuk Inna I. , Shvyrka Viktoriia M.
Published: October 2019

У статті репрезентовано досвід використання інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій у формуванні образу успішного професійного майбутнього в студентів університету на основі трендспоттингу як напрямку моніторингу, виявлення та вивчення трендів сучасності в будь-якій сфері життєдіяльності під час вивчення елективного курсу «Трендспоттинг та професійне майбутнє сучасного фахівця». Автори ґрунтовно розкривають основні питання розробки елективного курсу «Трендспоттинг та професійне майбутнє сучасного фахівця» для вищих навчальних закладів, а також дають стислу характеристику його структури та змісту. Визначено й описано особливості використання інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій як однієї з умов успішної професійної підготовки майбутніх фахівців з урахуванням інформатизації як провідного тренду розвитку суспільства й освіти, зокрема і як засобу створення якісного навчального контенту, розвитку критичного мислення, активізації навчально-дослідницької діяльності студентів. В умовах компетентнісної парадигми вищої школи та домінування конструктивістського підходу в освіті ефективність підготовки конкурентоздатного професіонала забезпечується використанням ІКТ, а саме: ресурсів Інтернет як інформаційного підґрунтя означеного процесу, онлайн-ресурсів трендхантингу, інструментів когнітивної візуалізації, Web 2.0-технологій тощо. Встановлено, що інформаційнo-комунікаційні технології не тільки забезпечують високоякісний освітній контент та активують творчі здібності й інші необхідні професійні навички майбутніх фахівців, але й стають основою для прогнозування соціально-економічного розвитку суспільства та професійного майбутнього студентів вищих навчальних закладів. Практика впровадження в освітній процес університету елективного курсу переконливо демонструє доцільність та ефективність використання засобів ІКТ у процесі професійної підготовки студентів університетів з орієнтацією їх на існуючі та можливі в недалекому майбутньому тренди успішності професійного майбутнього сучасного фахівця.
DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION CULTURE OF STUDENTS OF HUMANITARIAN SPECIALITIES
Authors: Vykhrushch Anatolii V. , Hnatyshyn Solomiia I. , Klymenko Anatolii O. , Medynska Olesia Ya. , Synorub Halyna P. , Horpinich Tetiana I.
Published: October 2019

Issues related to information culture evoke a natural interest of Ukrainian and foreign researchers. In addition to purely technical aspects and the development of competency characteristics, the problem of the development of students’ information culture and their personal characteristics is acquiring particular relevance. Virtual space has significant advantages in terms of the speed of information distribution, communication opportunities, and the exchange of scientific data. At the same time, threats are evident, in particular the growth of cybercrime, aggression, dependence, and manipulation. This is particularly obvious in the youth environment. The creation of national elite in modern universities, the openness of the information space, globalization, and the growth of competition in the labor market require operational information for specification of educational policy and adoption of optimal managerial decisions. It becomes increasingly clear that there is a contradiction between the low level of information and analytical skills of students and the high level of requirements for the organization of work with computer technology; sufficient level of theoretical and practical knowledge and low level of skills necessary for work with information technologies; sufficient level of professional training and low level of readiness to use computer technologies in educational activities. Information culture is considered as one of the facets of the universal culture associated with the social nature of man and is the product of its various creative abilities. The need for original specialized courses, which allow quick response to new challenges and improve the quality of professional training of students is constantly increasing. The article outlines the preconditions for improving students' information culture in view of the experience of foreign countries and Ukraine.
ПРОФЕСІЙНЕ САМОВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ В УМОВАХ УПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Trotsko Anna V. , Rybalko Liudmyla S. , Kіrіlenko Olena G. , Trush Halyna O.
Published: October 2019

У статті акцентовано увагу на тому, що впровадження дистанційного навчання в закладах вищої освіти України зумовлено потребами модернізації системи професійної підготовки студентів, спроможної забезпечити конкурентоздатність майбутніх фахівців на ринку праці. Доведено, що ефективність упровадження дистанційного навчання залежить від суб’єктивних (рівень підготовки викладачів і студентів до роботи в дистанційному режимі) і об’єктивних факторів (наявність матеріально-технічної бази закладів вищої освіти). Усупереч існуючому стереотипу «із упровадженням дистанційного навчання викладачі стануть непотрібними» заявлено, що викладач є ключовою ланкою впровадження будь-якої інновації в освіті. Проте головною умовою цієї тези є позитивне ставлення викладача до освітніх новозмін, його прагнення до професійного самовдосконалення, активність та ініціативність у розбудові вищої школи. Розглянуто професійне самовдосконалення викладачів як процес постійного оновлення знань і вмінь педагогічної діяльності з метою використання в освітньому процесі інноваційних методів, організаційних форм, технологій роботи зі студентами. Проведено анкетування, результати якого засвідчили недостатньо високу готовність викладачів до професійного самовдосконалення в умовах упровадження дистанційного навчання. Розроблено навчально-методичне забезпечення процесу професійного самовдосконалення викладачів в умовах упровадження дистанційного навчання в закладах вищої освіти, а саме: робочу програму з міждисциплінарного курсу «Впровадження освітніх дистанційних технологій в освітній процес вищої школи» для викладачів різного фаху підготовки, педагогічної і непедагогічної освіти, з різним стажем роботи; дидактичні матеріали до застосування інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій у вищій освіті та організації інтерактивного зв’язку між викладачем і студентами. Отримані результати (підготовлені викладачами дистанційні курси, автоматизовані тести, ігрокомплекси, мультимедійний глосарій) довели результативність цілеспрямованого професійного самовдосконалення викладачів. Накреслено перспективи професійного самовдосконалення викладачів засобами інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій в умовах створення іншомовного середовища в закладах вищої освіти.