bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subdaily Rainfall Estimation through Daily Rainfall Downscaling Using Random Forests in Spain
Authors: Diez-Sierra Javier , del Jesus Manuel
Published: January 2019

Subdaily rainfall data, though essential for applications in many fields, is not as readily available as daily rainfall data. In this work, regression approaches that use atmospheric data and daily rainfall statistics as predictors are evaluated to downscale daily-to-subdaily rainfall statistics on more than 700 hourly rain gauges in Spain. We propose a new approach based on machine learning techniques that improves the downscaling skill of previous methodologies. Results are grouped by climate types (following the Köppen–Geiger classification) to investigate possible missing explanatory variables in the analysis. The methodology is then used to improve the ability of Poisson cluster models to simulate hourly rainfall series that mimic the statistical behavior of the observed ones. This approach can be applied for the study of extreme events and for daily-to-subdaily precipitation disaggregation in any location of Spain where daily rainfall data are available.
Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability
Authors: Haschke Sandra , Pankin Dmitrii , Mikhailovskii Vladimir , Barr Maïssa K S , Both-Engel Adriana , Manshina Alina , Bachmann Julien
Published: January 2019

For the oxidation of water to dioxygen, oxide-covered ruthenium metal is known as the most efficient catalyst, however, with limited stability. Herein, we present a strategy for incorporating a Ru/C composite onto a novel nanoporous electrode surface with low noble metal loading and improved stability. The Ru/C is coated on the pore walls of anodic alumina templates in a one-step laser-induced deposition method from Ru3(CO)12 solutions. Scanning electron microscopy proves the presence of a continuous Ru/C layer along the inner pore walls. The amorphous material consists of metallic Ru incorporated in a carbonaceous C matrix as shown by X-ray diffraction combined with Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. These porous electrodes reveal enhanced stability during water oxidation as compared to planar samples at pH 4. Finally, their electrocatalytic performance depends on the geometric parameters and is optimized with 13 μm pore length, which yields 2.6 mA cm−2, or 49 A g−1, at η = 0.20 V.
FROM FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOM TO POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ‘HOT POTATO’ IN 50 YEARS: LABOUR MOBILITY AND MIGRATION WITHIN THE EU
Authors: Dobson John R. , Sennikova Irina
Published: January 2019

The free movement of labour and the creation of a European Labour Market have been the objectives of the European Union since its creation, but it is only with the 2004 enlargement that this has started to become a reality, with substantial numbers of East European workers seeking employment in the old member states. This paper uses the data from the UK Worker Registration Scheme and that compiled by the European Commission to examine the nature of this movement and its impact on the economies of both the existing and the new member states.
ACCURACY OF AUCTION SALE VALUATIONS IN DISTRESSED BANK LENDING DECISIONS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Aluko Bioye Tajudeen
Published: January 2019

Of all the sub‐sectors of the national economy, the banking industry and the property market have arguably been most severely affected by the current recession. Thus, the prevailing credit crunch in real estate finance and market conditions have implication for disposal and valuations of real estate for mortgage purposes. The study examined whether forced sale valuations of mortgage properties were a good proxy for their auction sale prices.

Relevant data involving 67 auction sales of foreclosed residential property transactions together with their contemporaneous forced sale valuations were pooled together in Lagos Metropolis during the period 1994 to 2003 from sample of estate surveying and valuation/auctioneering firms, the lending institutions and the Nigeria Deport Insurance Corporation. The data obtained were analyzed with the aid of frequency distributions and multiple regression models. The study revealed, amongst others, that forced sale values are not good proxies for auction sale prices as against the conclusions of previous studies on accuracy of open market valuations either in Nigeria or other countries like UK, USA and Australia. The implications of the foregoing conclusions on the lending decisions and valuation profession in the country were further examined in the paper.
APPLICATION OF LOGIT REGRESSION MODELS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF MARKET SEGMENTS
Authors: Burinskienė Marija , Rudzkienė Vitalija
Published: January 2019

A success of the currently implemented projects and measures is determined not only by the urgency and soundness of idea and the size of the budget, but also by the direction of resources to those users and organizations, from which the largest return could be expected, by the public opinion about the current business and a success of project presentation in various forms of mass media. For identification of target market, to which the business strategy will be directed, one should know the features, needs and opinions of the users in order to define the coherent homogenous groups. Various mathematical models are applied to define these groups. When developing the empirical topology the factor and cluster analysis methods are mostly used. Logit regression may be used to analyse and forecast relations of the dependent dichotomic variable and independent variables measured at any scale. Above‐given algorithms of the quality data analysis are illustrated by the case when the dependent variable is of dichotomic nature. Drafting general plans of Akmene region a questionnaire survey of inhabitants of the region and towns was carried out. Application of quality analysis methods is a valuable measure enabling specialists and planners to apply the proposed solutions by taking account of their specific features and peculiarities.
On the High-energy Emissions of Compact Objects Observed with INTEGRAL SPI: Event Selection Impact on Source Spectra and Scientific Results for the Bright Sources Crab Nebula, GS 2023+338 and MAXI J1820+070∗
Authors: Roques Jean-Pierre , Jourdain Elisabeth
Published: January 2019

The Spectrometer on INTEGRAL (SPI) instrument has observed the hard X-ray sky from 20 keV up to a few MeV for more than 15 yr. In this energy domain, the main emitters are compact objects for which SPI provides spectral information of prime interest. Recently, two transient sources reached very unusual flux levels and have been detected up to a few hundreds of keV with a high significance level. A drastic reduction of the systematic errors is thus required to obtain reliable spectra. This objective is achieved through an analysis including a detailed understanding of the instrument behavior. This paper presents both aspects of the data analysis: we first give a basic description of the instrumental issues, then we present the solution implemented in the SPI data analysis (at the event selection stage) and illustrate with a few examples the reliability of the SPI results in the high-energy domain when the data analysis is performed properly. We benefit from this refined analysis procedure and propose an updated model of the hard X-ray spectral shape of the Crab Nebula. We revisit the high-energy emission observed in GS 2023+338 spectra during its 2015 outburst and present the first results from the SPI observations dedicated to the recently discovered transient MAXI J1820+070.
Search for Large-scale Anisotropy in the Arrival Direction of Cosmic Rays with KASCADE-Grande
Authors: Apel W. D. , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Bekk K. , Bertaina M. , Blümer J. , Bonino R. , Bozdog H. , Brancus I. M. , Cantoni E. , Chiavassa A. , Cossavella F. , Daumiller K. , de Souza V. , Di Pierro F. , Doll P. , Engel R. , Fuhrmann D. , Gherghel-Lascu A. , Gils H. J. , Glasstetter R. , Grupen C. , Haungs A. , Heck D. , Hörandel J. R. , Huege T. , Kampert K.-H. , Kang D. , Klages H. O. , Link K. , Łuczak P. , Mathes H. J. , Mayer H. J. , Milke J. , Mitrica B. , Morello C. , Oehlschläger J. , Ostapchenko S. , Pierog T. , Rebel H. , Roth M. , Schieler H. , Schoo S. , Schröder F. G. , Sima O. , Toma G. , Trinchero G. C. , Ulrich H. , Weindl A. , Wochele J. , Zabierowski J.
Published: January 2019

We present the results of the search for large-scale anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic rays performed with the KASCADE-Grande experiment at energies higher than

eV. To eliminate spurious anisotropies due to atmospheric or instrumental effects we apply the east–west method. We show, using the solar time distribution of the number of counts, that this technique allow us to remove correctly the count variations not associated to real anisotropies. By applying the east–west method we obtain the distribution of number of counts in intervals of 20 minutes of sidereal time. This distribution is then analyzed by searching for a dipole component; the significance of the amplitude of the first harmonic is 3.5σ, therefore, we derive its upper limit. The phase of the first harmonic is determined with an error of a few hours and is in agreement with the measurements obtained in the 1014 < E < 2 × 1015 eV energy range by the EAS-TOP, IceCube, and IceTop experiments. This supports the hypothesis of a change of the phase of the first harmonic at energies greater than ∼2 × 1014 eV.
Interpretation of Departure from the Broad-line Region Scaling in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Czerny Bożena , Wang Jian-Min , Du Pu , Hryniewicz Krzysztof , Karas Vladimir , Li Yan-Rong , Panda Swayamtrupta , Sniegowska Marzena , Wildy Conor , Yuan Ye-Fei
Published: January 2019

Most results of the reverberation monitoring of active galaxies showed a universal scaling of the time delay of the Hβ emission region with the monochromatic flux at 5100 Å, with very small dispersion. Such a scaling favored the dust-based formation mechanism of the broad-line region (BLR). Recent reverberation measurements showed that actually a significant fraction of objects exhibit shorter lags than the previously found scaling. Here we demonstrate that these shorter lags can be explained by the old concept of scaling of the BLR size with the ionization parameter. Assuming a universal value of this parameter and a universal value of the cloud density reproduces the distribution of observational points in the time delay–monochromatic flux plane, provided that a range of black hole spins is allowed. However, a confirmation of the new measurements for low/moderate Eddington ratio sources is strongly needed before the dust-based origin of the BLR can be excluded.
Environmental radiofrequency radiation at the Järntorget Square in Stockholm Old Town, Sweden in May, 2018 compared with results on brain and heart tumour risks in rats exposed to 1.8 GHz base station environmental emissions
Authors: Hardell Lennart , Carlberg Michael , Hedendahl Lena K. , Koppel Tarmo , Ahonen Mikko
Published: January 2019

Radiofrequency (RF) radiation in the frequency range 30 kHz to 300 GHz was evaluated in 2011 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) at WHO to be a 'possible human carcinogen' Group 2B. The conclusion was based on human epidemiological studies on an increased risk of glioma and acoustic neuroma. In previous measurement studies, we found high environmental RF radiation levels at certain public places and also in an apartment in Stockholm, Sweden. One such place was the Järntorget square in the Stockholm Old Town. The EME Spy exposimeter was used for these studies. We have now conducted a field spatial distribution measurement with a radiofrequency broadband analyser. The maximum E-field topped at 11.6 V/m at the centre of the square, where the antenna was focused. Järntorget's mean value was 5.2 V/m, median 5.0 V/m, range 1.2-11.6 V/m. Of interest is that this level can be compared to a lifespan carcinogenicity study on rats exposed to 1.8 GHz GSM environmental radiation performed at the Ramazzini Institute (RI) in Italy. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of malignant schwannoma in the heart was found in male rats at the highest dose, 50 V/m. In treated female rats at the highest dose, the incidence of malignant glial tumours was increased, although this was not statistically significant. On the whole, the findings of this study showed that RF radiation levels at one square, Järntorget, in Sweden, were only one order of magnitude lower than those showing an increased incidence of tumours in the RI animal study. An increased cancer risk cannot be excluded for those working in the proximity of Järntorget for longer time periods.
In silico comparative proteomic analysis of enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis in castor bean (Ricinus communis) and soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: YOUSAFI Qudsia , ALI Hafsa Ahmad , RASHID Hamid , KHAN Muhammad Saad
Published: January 2019

Plant oils are very important for domestic and industrial use. Biodiesel can be obtained from plant seed oil. Biodiesel is
currently popular and in demand due to the high cost of petroleum and to avoid pollution. It is time to increase plant seed oil production
and conduct research to find ways of enhancing its production. We studied two species of oil seed plants, i.e. Ricinus communis and
Glycine max, with varying amounts of oil content. Proteins from six categories of enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis were
selected for study. The 3D structures were predicted using different structure prediction tools. The structures were validated and selected
on the basis of quality factors. The pairs of proteins were compared by pairwise sequence alignment using Clustal W and structural
superposition by Chimera Matchmaker. The physiochemical properties were studied by PROTPARAM. In R. communis, eighteen
structures were selected from I Tasser, thirteen from Swiss Model, and two from Raptorx. In G. max, twenty structures were selected
from I Tasser, nine from Swiss Model, and four from Raptorx. The highest percent identity in pairwise sequence alignment was observed
between the two species for biotin carboxylase. Biotin carrier was least identical between these two species. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol
desaturase (FAD5) showed the highest percentage of structural identity between the two species while ER phosphatidate phosphate was
least identical. Eight proteins in both species had an instability index below 40. Eight proteins in R. communis and five in G. max were
acidic in nature. Fourteen proteins in R. communis and seventeen in G. max were hydrophobic. The aliphatic index of all proteins was
above 50 with which conferes good thermal stability.
De l'utilité de l'impôt pour freiner l'effet de levier du « hors-bilan » des banques
Authors: Nicolaï Jean-Paul , Trannoy Alain
Published: January 2019

Les normes comptables IFRS ont intégré dans le bilan des banques l'essentiel des instruments financiers dérivés que nous considérons ici sous le terme de « hors-bilan », au prix d'une certaine invisibilité de leur « effet de levier ». Nous décrivons l'activité des banques de financement et d'investissement et montrons que ces instruments dérivés correspondent à une fonction d'intermédiation du risque dans l'économie où les banques ne « portent » pas ce risque au bilan, contrairement au métier bancaire traditionnel de « transformation ». Nous décrivons la banque comme une source d'« accroissement des possibles de la taille du marché » que nous définissons au préalable d'une manière générale. Une telle source, comme toute innovation, est synonyme de risque. Le « hors-bilan » bancaire apparaît dans ce cadre comme un effet de levier sans limite naturelle. Nous étudions alors ce que pourraient être des fiscalités adaptées à trois objectifs différents : corriger et capter les rentes, limiter le risque systémique, maîtriser l'« accroissement des possibles ». Une assiette considérant une mesure des engagements en valeur absolue associés aux positions sur les produits dérivés, dans le bilan des banques, paraît pertinente pour limiter l'accroissement des possibles et, partant de là, le risque. Classification JEL : G21, G32, G38.
Mise en œuvre et limites de l'approche pigouvienne de la finance
Authors: de Bandt Olivier
Published: January 2019

L'article revient sur les propositions et les expériences de taxe « à la Pigou » (taxes de risque systémique) mise en place après la crise de 2007-2008 sur les institutions financières et visant à une tarification du risque systémique ou des externalités liées aux activités financières, par opposition au contrôle direct des activités financières. Il cherche à expliquer les raisons pour lesquelles cet instrument n'a pas connu l'essor qui était attendu. Tout d'abord, la mise en place d'une taxation « à la Pigou » requiert un certain nombre de conditions qui ne sont pas toujours remplies. Ensuite il existe des difficultés opérationnelles liées à la mise en œuvre d'une taxation des activités financières, s'agissant de sa calibration, de la gestion des asymétries d'information et des risques d'aléa moral qu'elle peut engendrer et enfin de la gouvernance de la taxe. Ensuite de nombreux instruments de contrôle direct, comme la séparation des activités à risque (par exemple, les activités bancaires de marché non directement liées au financement de l'économie), semblent plus efficaces que la taxation « à la Pigou ». La frontière est parfois étroite entre celle-ci et les autres réglementations directes qui affectent aussi les incitations comme, par exemple, la résolution des institutions en difficultés, mais les autorités de résolution possèdent des pouvoirs juridiques qui dépassent la seule taxation. Classification JEL : G21, G28, H23.
La mobilisation fiscale en Afrique
Authors: Jacquemot Pierre , Raffinot Marc
Published: January 2019

Contrairement à une idée reçue qui accorde un poids excessif aux ressources d'origine externe (IDE, aide, transferts), l'Afrique mobilise d'abord ses ressources domestiques pour son financement. Le taux de pression fiscale se situe entre 16 % et 22 % du PIB. Toutefois ces ressources ne représentent qu'environ la moitié de ses besoins de financement des objectifs du développement durable (agenda 2030). Les marges de progression en matière de mobilisation fiscale ne sont pas négligeables, tant en exploitant de nouveaux gisements qu'en améliorant le recouvrement. Comment collecter plus et mieux afin de ne pas mettre en cause le potentiel de développement ? Classification JEL : H21, H26, O23.
Une collaboration interreligieuse discrète : Paul Rabaut et les émissaires moraves
Authors: Gembicki Dieter
Published: January 2019

Dès 1745, la jeune Unité des frères, une branche du piétisme allemand, entame une collaboration avec Paul Rabaut en raison du manque de prédicants en France durant l’interdit religieux et la période dite du Désert. Une fois la doctrine morave examinée, ce dernier accueille les émissaires moraves tout au long de son ministère. Comme le montre Dieter Gembicki , cet œcuménisme discret n’est pas non plus dénué d’ambiguïté. S’y opposent deux attitudes : celle des frères moraves irrités par le penchant millénariste du ministre réformé, et celle du leader de l’Église réformée, contraint de louvoyer entre l’opposition à l’intérieur de son consistoire et la réputation sulfureuse précédant l’Église morave.
Schleiermacher et Zwingli à propos de la cène : les bonnes surprises du traducteur
Authors: Reymond Bernard
Published: January 2019

Au cours du travail de traduction, on remarque des détails, en l’occurrence que le réformé Schleiermacher, dans sa Glaubenslehre , ne cite plusieurs fois Zwingli qu’à propos de la cène. Là, comme sur d’autres points, il s’agit de dépasser le différend entre luthériens et réformés hérité du colloque de Marbourg en 1529. Comme le montre Bernard Reymond , Schleiermacher dissuade de chercher encore à donner un sens précis aux mots « pain » et « vin » utilisés par Jésus, et met en évidence, non sans ironie, les contradictions dans les termes qu’impliquent les doctrines de la transsubstantiation et de la consubstantiation.
Représentation et décision politique dans les assemblées communales italiennes du 13 e siècle
Authors: Tanzini Lorenzo
Published: January 2019

Résumé L’article analyse l’idée de représentation dans le contexte politique de l’Italie communale, à partir des pratiques des conseils des villes italiennes du XIIIe siècle. La représentation y fonctionne à deux niveaux : le conseil est représentatif en tant qu’il est le miroir de la ville, et les officiers particuliers sont des représentants du conseil. C’est par le biais de cet usage de la représentation que les institutions municipales pouvaient « représenter » la ville tout entière. À partir d’exemples tirés des sources publiques municipales et des élaborations de la pensée juridique, on cherche ici à déchiffrer le langage des institutions, pour saisir ce qui semble être les buts majeurs des gouvernements communaux : la composition pacifique des différentes identités sociales et politiques à travers la participation, et la sauvegarde d’un modèle de citoyenneté encore pertinent aujourd’hui.
Tuteurs sans mandat. Jusqu’à quel point les États territoriaux ( Landstände ) allemands représentaient-ils le peuple ?
Authors: Stollberg-Rilinger Barbara , Saint-Upéry Marc
Published: January 2019

Résumé La représentation est une fiction, et non un fait. Il n’y a donc pas de sens à se demander si les états représentaient vraiment ou non l’ensemble d’un pays. Dans une perspective historienne, il faut plutôt se demander qui faisait usage de cette fiction représentative, pourquoi et avec quel succès. Dans les principautés allemandes du Saint Empire romain germanique, les états territoriaux (Lanstände) - composés de la noblesse provinciale, des villes et des corporations ecclésiastiques - étaient censés « représenter l’ensemble du pays » (la Saxe, la Hesse, la Bavière, la Poméranie, etc.). Cet article analyse ce que les juristes allemands spécialistes de droit public entendaient lorsqu’ils utilisaient cette expression tout au long du 17 e et du 18 e siècle. Il essaie de montrer qu’un changement important s’est produit à la fin du 18e siècle. La notion de représentation a changé de signification, passant de l’idée de repraesentatio identitatis à la représentation du peuple par mandat - un nouveau modèle auxquels les Landstände n’étaient ni capables, ni désireux de se conformer.
Don de soins et dette de vie en hémodialyse
Authors: Paumier-Bidault Laurence , Michel Gilles
Published: January 2019

Les travaux de psychopathologie psychiatrique et psychologique décrivant les affections des patients bénéficiant du traitement par dialyse itérative établissent des constantes de syndromes psychiques évocateurs de dépression clinique et d’angoisse chronique. De nombreuses recherches (Carbonell, 1978 ; Consoli, 1990 ; Cupa, 1997) font un lien entre la présence de la machine réalisant l’hémodialyse et l’installation de ces syndromes psychopathologiques. Dans la suite de ces travaux, les auteurs proposent de considérer le rapport à la machine comme support d’un lien transférentiel (Freud, 1915). Il s’agira d’envisager cette notion classiquement repérée dans le cadre psychothérapeutique dans une version qui met en avant la mise en place d’une lecture des rapports humains basés sur le don (Mauss, 1923-1924). La relation thérapeutique, pour le patient hémodialysé, est essentiellement perçue par lui comme une relation où il reçoit des soins dont il se sent redevable d’une manière plus appuyée que dans d’autres situations de soins. Le lien thérapeutique engagé dans les soins en hémodialyse itérative entraînerait le patient vers une position extrême de tentative de compensation de cette dette de vie (Bydlowski, 1996). Certaines attitudes des patients se présentent en réponse à cette impression d’être pris dans des liaisons basées sur une dette ressentie comme écrasante. Par exemple, la négation de la gravité de la maladie par le malade, que nous interprétons comme une « banalisation du mal », lui permet de se placer dans la position du « bon patient » qui serait très compliant aux soins ou dans celle du « mauvais patient » qui serait très peu compliant, principalement, au régime alimentaire auquel il est astreint. Ainsi, dans cette veine d’idée, nous supposons que la provocation de la mort qui peut être entraînée par une conduite suicidaire vis-à-vis du régime alimentaire, entre dans cette catégorie du « contre-don » (Mauss, 1923-1924) dans laquelle la mort viendrait conforter la dette contractée et assurerait une voie « de sortie » permettant au patient de s’en extraire. Notre développement consiste à orienter une lecture de la relation soignant-soigné au filtre de la conception de la dette de vie. Le rapport à la machine viendrait soutenir une surface interstitielle de la modalité spécifique d’un transfert soignant dans les soins par hémodialyse.
Small Incision Lenticule Extraction for Hyperopia: 3-Month Refractive and Visual Outcomes
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Pradhan Kishore R. , Carp Glenn I. , Archer Timothy J. , Day Alexander C. , Sekundo Walter , Dhungana Purushottam
Published: January 2019

PURPOSE:

To evaluate visual and refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for hyperopia.

METHODS:

This prospective study of vertex-centered hyperopic SMILE used the VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Inclusion criteria were maximum attempted hyperopic meridian of between +1.00 and +7.00 diopters (D) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 20/40 or better. Lenticule parameters were 6.3- to 6.7-mm diameter, 2-mm transition zone, 30-µm minimum thickness, and 120-µm cap thickness. Standard outcomes analysis was performed for the 3-month data, including contrast sensitivity using the Functional Vision Analyzer.

RESULTS:

For 93 eyes treated, 3-month data were available for 82 (88%). Attempted spherical equivalent refraction was +5.62 ± 1.20 D (range: +1.00 to +6.90 D) and cylinder was −0.91 ± 0.68 D (range: 0.00 to −3.50 D). For eyes targeted for emmetropia (n = 36), uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 89%. Spherical equivalent refraction relative to target was −0.17 ± 0.85 D (range: −2.20 to +3.00 D), with 59% within ±0.50 D and 76% within ±1.00 D. There was one line loss of CDVA in 17% of eyes, and one eye lost three lines (1.2%) but recovered to one line lost at 9 months. There was no clinically significant change in contrast sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Refractive and visual outcomes 3 months after SMILE for hyperopia were promising, given the high degree of hyperopia corrected and relatively reduced CDVA in this population. Undercorrection of more than 1.00 D in 5 eyes might be partly explained by latent hyperopia in these young patients.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(1):24–30.]
¿Cómo configuran los españoles su vestuario?
Authors: Martínez Barreiro Ana
Published: January 2019

El trabajo que aquí se presenta contiene dos partes bien diferenciadas. En primer lugar, se analizan las principales aportaciones teóricas que se han producido sobre la moda desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad, contribuyendo, así a contrastar e integrar teorías para explicar el fenómeno de la moda. Y, en segundo lugar, se analiza el modo en que cada una de las variables consideradas (sexo, edad, nivel de estudios...) ejerce una influencia causal sobre las variaciones del vestuario de los españoles, quedando de manifiesto que el efecto renta o capital humano, la edad o el ciclo de vida, el rol o segregación femenina, son sus principales causas.
Análisis comparado de tendencias sociales una aplicación al caso de la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors: Mateo Pérez Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2019

El análisis longitudinal de datos es una manera de describir y explicar los procesos sociales. Dependiendo de la fuente de los datos se pueden establecer ciclos estadísticos y ciclos de opinión pública. Este artículo propone la comparación entre ambos tipos de ciclos para la Comunidad Valenciana entre 1977 y 1997. Se concluye con una reflexión sobre la pertinencia de la inclusión de la perspectiva longitudinal en el análisis de la realidad social.
Inmigrantes musulmanes en Cataluña
Authors: Garreta Bochaca Jordi
Published: January 2019

Los flujos migratorios de los últimos treinta años, en general, y concretamente, han comportado el incremento de la heterogeneidad cultural y también religiosa en España y en Cataluña. Al analizar la diversidad cultural que aportan los inmigrantes no hemos querido olvidar la cuestión religiosa. Por este motivo, observando el creciente número de musulmanes, la investigación realizada, y este artículo en particular, analiza la presencia del Islam en Cataluña a partir de entrevistas a imanes. De esta forma presentamos las mezquitas existentes, la dinámica seguida en su creación, las motivaciones que tienen, las dificultades que encuentran y los retos de futuro que creen que deben afrontar ellos y la sociedad catalana.
La renta básica y el estado del bienestar en España
Authors: Noguera José Antonio
Published: January 2019

El presente trabajo trata de considerar las posibilidades e implicaciones que tendría la implantación de una Renta Básica en el Estado español, desde el punto de vista de sus relaciones con las políticas de prestaciones monetarias ya existentes. Estructuraremos nuestra argumentación como sigue: en primer lugar definiremos la Renta Básica y haremos algunas observaciones sobre las relaciones entre la misma y los diferentes modelos de Estado del Bienestar. En segundo lugar, presentaremos dos supuestos de estimación de la cuantía y financiación potencial de una Renta Básica en España. En tercer lugar abordaremos el problema de la transición desde el actual régimen de prestaciones sociales a la Renta Básica (y concretamente, trataremos la cuestión de si la Renta Básica debería o no sustituir los esquemas contributivos de protección social); ello nos llevará a contraponer dos principios de justicia distributiva: el igualitarista y el meritocrático.
Análisis narrativo y guerra. La cobertura del diario El País sobre el conflicto de Kosovo
Authors: Penalva Clemente , Mateo Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2019

Este trabajo es una aproximación a la estructura latente de la cobertura mediática en España de la intervención de la OTAN en Yugoslavia en las fechas en las que se produjo el bombardeo de este país tras el recudrecimiento del conflicto en la provincia de Kosovo. El estudio se basa en el empleo de dos métodos de análisis textuales. Por un lado, se utiliza el análisis semiótico para observar la secuencia narrativa de los acontecimientos (siguiendo a Propp, Levi-Strauss y Greimas) y, por otro, el análisis de contenido que examina las designaciones y atribuciones a los actores implicados en el conflicto, así como su presencia en la secuencia. El corpus textual está formado por las noticias aparecidas en las portadas del diario El País desde unas fechas anteriores al inicio de los bombardeos hasta el 31 de julio de 1999 ( un mes después de la firma de los acuerdos entre el ejército yugoslavo y la OTAN para la incorporación de las tropas occidentales en Kosovo). El análisis de los datos muestra una tendencia de los medios a presentar los acontecimientos dentro de una estructura narrativa en la cual se pueden determinar los actores, la secuencia de los relatos y las entidades contracturales y sancionadoras de la realización del héroe de cuento, así como el sistema de oposiciones binarias que contribuyen al desarrollo de la historia.
A Política Externa e a Política de Defesa: do 5 de Outubro ao Sidonismo
Authors: Samara Maria Alice
Published: January 2019

O propósito desta comunicação é articular os dois vectores - a política externa e a de defesa —, dos alvores do regime ao contexto da intervenção portuguesa e crise de guerra, culminando no sidonismo. Ou seja, analisar estas duas questões, privilegiando as ligações que existem entre elas e que confluem para a discussão em torno da participação portuguesa no teatro europeu.As linhas estruturantes da análise da questão de política externa prendem-se com o problema do reconhecimento e credibilização internacional do novo regime, numa Europa maioritariamente monárquica e conservadora. Como cedo os políticos republicanos se aperceberam, ganha a primeira batalha diplomática, outros obstáculos se punham na gestão/manutenção das relações internacionais, nomeadamente as várias “campanhas” feitas contra Portugal.Depois de equilibrado o Orçamento - uma das mais importantes reivindicações da propaganda republicana — por um executivo “retintamente” democrático, Afonso Costa anuncia, numa conferência no Porto, em 1913, a “causa patriótica” a que, doravante, se dedicaria. Chegara a hora de resolver o problema da defesa nacional. Esta seria a grande obra da República, capaz de vitalizar o “amor da Pátria”, redimida pelo novo regime. Sem negligenciar os argumentos de ordem política interna, que têm um peso decisivo na entrada de Portugal na guerra, esta estratégia de Afonso Costa e de sectores que lhe estão próximos deve ser examinada levando em linha de conta as questões de política externa.Estas duas variáveis são, então, essenciais para a compreensão do primeiro período da República.
Os Militares e a Política no Estado Novo
Authors: Faria Telmo
Published: January 2019

Neste texto, procura-se explicar historicamente o Estado Novo, sublinhando, em primeiro lugar, a importância do espectro militar; recordando e percebendo, depois, que a questão militar foi central na fase de formatação do regime dirigido por Oliveira Salazar; dando a perceber, finalmente, que a afirmação política de Oliveira Salazar e a sua longevidade enquanto dirigente máximo do Estado Novo, depende do entendimento daquilo que foi a relação entre a esfera civil e militar do poder político.
Bentham et Hobbes
Authors: Cléro Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2019

Si Hobbes est très peu cité explicitement par Bentham, l’œuvre du premier accompagne pourtant constamment l’œuvre du second. Sans doute Bentham n’est-il pas contractualiste et l’idée qu’il se fait de la république deviendra, au fil de sa réflexion, plus démocratique que celle que s’en fait Hobbes. Toutefois, on trouve, chez l’un comme chez l’autre, une conception de la loi qui, si elle est l’expression de la souveraineté, n’exclut pas la diversité des appartenances des citoyens à la société civile. Ce point est visible dans la définition même de la loi que nous donnent les deux auteurs en des moments stratégiques de leur œuvre. Mais l’un comme l’autre dira que la souveraineté ne saurait, sans encourir un immense danger, se laisser dépasser par une loi qui se voudrait naturelle ou qui se donnerait comme une émanation de Dieu ; quand bien même le souverain croirait pouvoir se renforcer par là. Nous le montrons sur deux points cruciaux : d’une part, l’analyse de la promesse et du serment ; d’autre part, la question de la punition, qui est un moment que les deux auteurs estiment dangereux, pour le condamné certes, mais aussi pour l’État qui le condamne. La proximité des deux auteurs est très étroite sur ces deux points, encore que Bentham ne dise rien de Hobbes en leur endroit.
Justifying Present Partiality to Possible Future People
Authors: Mulgan Tim
Published: January 2019

Cet article s’interroge sur la manière dont la distinction entre soi et autrui – ainsi que les débats associés sur la partialité, l’altruisme et les exigences d’une morale – peut être amenée à être reformulée dans les différentes configurations de futurs possibles. L’article s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux cas où l’argumentation en faveur d’une partialité présente pourrait être remise en cause.
Mixing Different Realities in a Single Shared Space
Authors: Casas Sergio , Portalés Cristina , García-Pereira Inma , Gimeno Jesús
Published: January 2019

The concept of internet of everything involves an intelligent connection of people, processes, data, and things. In this sense, shared spaces aimed to connect different users that collaborate following a common purpose are of relevance to the field. Many computer-based collaborative environments have been proposed in recent years. However, the design of mixed-platform collaborative spaces, in which different paradigms—such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR)—are blended, is still uncommon. This chapter aims to analyze the benefits and features of these systems, reviewing existing related works and proposing a series of features for the design of effective mixed-platform collaborative shared spaces. In particular, the authors propose five setups with different levels of immersion/interaction, which are aligned to the current state of the art. These systems will be analyzed with respect to navigation, user representation, interaction, and annotation, among others. Finally, some applications are proposed within the given framework.
Strategic Leadership, Readiness for Change, and Innovative Work Behavior
Authors: Akca Meltem
Published: January 2019

At the present time, business work environments are becoming more volatile and competitive. The development of information technologies, rapid changes of organizational structures, changeable customer attitudes are more important for today's organizations. These features of the marketplace direct organizations to be in search of new methods to achieve and maintain sustainable performance. Leadership, employee favorable work behavior, technological investments are some methods to provide continuity of an organization's existence. This chapter aims to obtain influence of strategic leadership on the employees' innovative work behavior. Furthermore, it is expected to obtain the mediator role of readiness for change in this relation. In the study, the sample is composed of four-star hotel employees in Antalya, Turkey. This evidence-based field study proves new implementation's impact on the employees.
Bio-Inspired Meta-Heuristic Multi-Objective Optimization of EDM Process
Authors: Bose Goutam Kumar , Pain Pritam , Roy Supriyo
Published: January 2019

Modern-day engineering is trending toward complex devices with high accuracy and precision while at the same time the workpiece materials are becoming harder and more complex alloys. Non-conventional machining helps to sustain industries in this challenging environment. Electric discharge machining is one such precision machining that can produce complex product with great accuracy. This machine can be utilized in the manufacturing of complicated shaped die for plastic molding, automobile parts, aerospace, and other applications. In solving real-world problems like engineering design, business planning, and network design, challenges are being faced due to highly non-linear data and limited resources like time and money. Optimization is the best choice to solve such practical problems efficiently. This chapter deals with the optimization of EDM process parameters using two different bio-inspired optimization algorithms, namely, artificial bee colony algorithm and whale optimization algorithm, for both single as well as multiple responses and compares the results.
Podcasts and English-Language Learning
Authors: Mao Yuping , Guardado Martin , Meyer Kevin R.
Published: January 2019

There are three ways to use podcasts in education: accessing podcasts created by others, teacher-created podcasts, and student-created podcasts. This chapter focuses on the use of teacher-created and student-created podcasts in an English as a second language (ESL) class. Existing literature on the use of podcasts in learning primarily focuses on formal educational settings, while nontraditional students in freely available language programs provided by non-profit organizations (NPOs) remain unexplored. Thus, the authors examine how podcasting enhances immigrants' English language learning experience in an ESL course offered by an NPO that provides community services to immigrants in Canada. This chapter addresses pedagogical and organizational affordances and challenges of using podcasts in language learning and provides recommendations for their implementation in NPOs.
Constraints and biases in a tropospheric two-box model of OH
Authors: Naus Stijn , Montzka Stephen A. , Pandey Sudhanshu , Basu Sourish , Dlugokencky Ed J. , Krol Maarten
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the main atmospheric oxidant and the primary sink of
the greenhouse gas CH4. In an attempt to constrain atmospheric levels
of OH, two recent studies combined a tropospheric two-box model with
hemispheric-mean observations of methyl chloroform (MCF) and CH4.
These studies reached different conclusions concerning the most likely
explanation of the renewed CH4 growth rate, which reflects the
uncertain and underdetermined nature of the problem. Here, we investigated
how the use of a tropospheric two-box model can affect the derived
constraints on OH due to simplifying assumptions inherent to a two-box
model. To this end, we derived species- and time-dependent quantities from a
full 3-D transport model to drive two-box model simulations. Furthermore, we
quantified differences between the 3-D simulated tropospheric burden and the
burden seen by the surface measurement network of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Compared to commonly used parameters in
two-box models, we found significant deviations in the magnitude and
time-dependence of the interhemispheric exchange rate, exposure to OH, and
stratospheric loss rate. For MCF these deviations can be large due to changes
in the balance of its sources and sinks over time. We also found that changes
in the yearly averaged tropospheric burden of CH4 and MCF can be
obtained within 0.96 ppb yr−1 and
0.14 % yr−1 by the NOAA surface network, but that substantial
systematic biases exist in the interhemispheric mixing ratio gradients that
are input to two-box model inversions. To investigate the impact of the identified biases on constraints on OH, we
accounted for these biases in a two-box model inversion of MCF and
CH4. We found that the sensitivity of interannual OH anomalies
to the biases is modest (1 %–2 %), relative to the uncertainties on
derived OH (3 %–4 %). However, in an inversion where we implemented all
four bias corrections simultaneously, we found a shift to a positive trend in
OH concentrations over the 1994–2015 period, compared to the standard
inversion. Moreover, the absolute magnitude of derived global mean OH,
and by extent, that of global CH4 emissions, was affected much more strongly
by the bias corrections than their anomalies (∼10 %). Through our
analysis, we identified and quantified limitations in the two-box model
approach as well as an opportunity for full 3-D simulations to address these
limitations. However, we also found that this derivation is an extensive and
species-dependent exercise and that the biases were not always entirely
resolvable. In future attempts to improve constraints on the atmospheric
oxidative capacity through the use of simple models, a crucial first step is
to consider and account for biases similar to those we have identified for
the two-box model.
Ice nucleation properties of K-feldspar polymorphs and plagioclase
feldspars
Authors: Welti André , Lohmann Ulrike , Kanji Zamin A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The relation between the mineralogical characteristics of size selected feldspar particles from 50–800 nm and their ability to act as ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the immersion mode is presented. Five polymorph members of K-feldspar (two microclines, orthoclase, adularia and sanidine) and four Na/Ca- rich feldspar samples (three labradorites and a pericline sample) are tested. Microcline was found to be the most active INP in the immersion mode consistent with previous findings. Samples are selected for their differences in typical feldspar properties such as crystal structure, bulk and trace elemental composition and ordering of the crystal lattice. The mentioned properties are related to the temperature of feldspar crystallization from the melt rocks during formation. Properties characteristic for low temperature feldspar formation coincide with an increased ability to nucleate ice. Ice nucleation is most efficient on the crystallographic ordered, triclinic K-feldspar species microcline, while the intermediate and disordered, monoclinic K-feldspar polymorphs orthoclase and sanidine nucleate ice at lower temperatures. The ice nucleation ability of disordered, triclinic Na/Ca-feldspar is comparable to disordered K-feldspar. The conditions of feldspar rock formation also leave a chemical fingerprint with varying abundance of trace elements in the samples. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis to determine metal oxide and trace elemental composition of the feldspar samples revealed a correlation with median freezing temperatures (T50) of the K-feldspar samples allowing to sort them for their ice nucleation efficiency according to the abundance of specific trace elements. A pronounced size dependence of ice nucleation activity for the feldspar samples is observed, which also depends on mineralogical characteristics. In particular, microcline exhibited immersion freezing even for 50 nm particles which is unique for heterogeneous ice nucleation of mineral dusts. This suggests that small microcline particles that are susceptible to long-range transport can affect cloud properties via immersion freezing far away from the source. The measurements generally imply that temperatures at which feldspars can affect cloud glaciation depends on the transported particle size.
Global trends in marine nitrate N isotopes from observations and a neural network-based climatology
Authors: Rafter Patrick A. , Bagnell Aaron , Marconi Dario , DeVries Timothy
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Nitrate is a critical ingredient for life in the ocean because, as the most abundant form of fixed nitrogen in the ocean, it is an essential nutrient for primary production. The availability of marine nitrate is principally determined by biological processes, each having a distinct influence on the N isotopic composition of nitrate (nitrate δ15N) – a property that informs much of our understanding of the marine N cycle as well as marine ecology, fisheries, and past ocean conditions. However, the sparse spatial distribution of nitrate δ15N observations makes it difficult to apply this useful property in global studies, or to facilitate robust model-data comparisons. Here, we use a compilation of published nitrate δ15N measurements (n = 12277) and climatological maps of physical and biogeochemical tracers to create a surface-to-seafloor, 1° resolution map of nitrate δ15N using an Ensemble of Artificial Neural Networks (EANN). The strong correlation (R2 > 0.87) and small mean difference (