bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Transfer between Cyano‐Ether PPV and InGaN/GaN Quantum Wells with Large Piezoelectric Fields
Authors: Mutz Niklas , Kirmse Holm , Koch Christoph T. , List‐Kratochvil Emil J. W. , Blumstengel Sylke
Published: July 2018

Spatial separation of electrons and holes in InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) due to the large internal piezoelectric field might impact non‐radiative Förster‐type resonance energy transfer (FRET) to an acceptor layer. It is thus of interest whether efficient FRET is still active in QWs of high indium content or large width where the electron‐hole wavefunction overlap is reduced. Here, FRET from a 4 nm wide InGaN/GaN quantum well to a cyano‐substituted ether‐linked (p‐phenylene vinylene) polymer (Cn‐ether PPV) is investigated. FRET efficiency is quantified in two complementary ways via photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectroscopy and PL decay curves. At 30 K a largely enhanced PL intensity of the Cn‐ether PPV is observed when excited indirectly through the QW and a FRET efficiency of 0.46 is deduced from the QW PL decay. A correlated temperature behavior is found between the two independently determined transfer efficiencies thus conclusively proving FRET as the main transfer mechanism. For increased temperatures up to 140 K non‐radiative decay channels become the dominant decay mechanism in the present system. These findings show that FRET increases the Cn‐ether PPV PL intensity beyond radiative excitation also in wide QWs with large piezoelectric fields as long as non‐radiative channels are suppressed.
Simultaneous Growth of Various InGaN/GaN Core‐Shell Microstructures for Color Tunable Device Applications
Authors: Robin Yoann , Liao Yaqiang , Pristovsek Markus , Amano Hiroshi
Published: July 2018

An approach to simultaneously grow independent core‐shell structures emitting at different wavelengths by selective area epitaxy is presented. By using seeds of different sizes, the monolithic integration of various GaN crystals including elongated nano‐rods (NRs), micro‐platelets (MPs), and a range of pyramid‐like structures are demonstrated. Dominant non‐polar sidewalls cover more than 75% of the surface area of the NRs, while the polar top facet are about 80% of the total surface of the MPs. InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) deposited on these structures exhibit independent and well‐separated emissions in the green–blue and orange–red ranges, respectively. The pyramid‐like structures at intermediate seed sizes are more complex with semi‐polar facets nearly totaling 60% of the total surface area, resulting in yellow luminescence strongly broadened by the nearby facets contributions. These results suggest the total surface area of each facets and the resulting optical properties of the crystals can be tailored by adjusting the size of the seeds. However, further improvements are required to locally enhance the vertical, pyramidal, and lateral growth of the GaN cores and increase the spectral purity of the different QWs. The approach presented is of interest to design multi‐wavelength devices which requires independent subpixels of high color purity.
Bayesian Spectroscopy on Polarization Dependent Photoluminescence Spectra of Doubly‐Split Excitons in a Cu2O Thin‐Crystal Sandwiched by MgO Substrates
Authors: Kiridoshi Arisa , Aihara Shingo , Arishima Syunshiro , Yamashiro Tetsuya , Mizumaki Masaichiro , Iwamitsu Kazunori , Akai Ichiro
Published: July 2018

By using Bayesian spectroscopy, we studied polarization dependence of photoluminescence (PL) spectra in doubly‐split 1S yellow ortho‐excitons in a Cu2O thin‐crystal recrystallized in a small gap between paired MgO substrates. In these thin‐crystals, biaxial stresses are expected to be involved due to a small lattice mismatch between Cu2O and MgO. Under a planar‐isotropic biaxial stress, the cubic symmetry degrades to the tetragonal one in Cu2O, and subsequently, the ortho‐exciton state splits into two states having different symmetries. Consequently, the resonant PL intensities of the doubly‐split ortho‐excitons are expected to show different polarization dependencies. To elucidate such biaxial stress effect, we measured polarization dependence of the PL spectra at 4.2 K. Although resonant weak PL bands of the doubly‐split exciton states and their intense phonon sidebands co‐exist, we succeeded in decomposing to the respective spectral components by the Bayesian spectroscopy with a replica exchange Monte Carlo algorithm. As a result, it is found that the resonant PL band appearing on higher energy side shows hardly polarization dependence, whereas the resonant PL band appearing on lower energy side is further weak and shows noticeable polarization dependence. These results can be explained by the selection rule and polarization dependences on the transition matrix elements of quadrupole transitions of the doubly‐split ortho‐exciton states, and it clearly shows that the crystal symmetry degrades to D4h by the isotropic biaxial stress involved in the Cu2O thin‐crystals.
Synthesis of Novel Pyrido[2′, 3′:3,4]Pyrazolo[1, 5‐a]Quinazoline Derivatives, Their Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modelling Studies
Authors: Kumar Nagiri Ravi , Swaroop Desireddy Krishna , Punna Nagender , Sirisha Kanugala , Ganapathi Thipparapu , Kumar Chityal Ganesh , Narsaiah Banda
Published: July 2018

A series of novel ethyl 9‐(trifluoromethyl) pyrido [2′, 3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1, 5‐a]quinazoline‐8‐carboxylate 4, 9‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrido[2′, 3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1, 5‐a]quinazoline‐8‐carboxylic acid 5, aryl amide functionalized pyrido[2′, 3′:3,4]pyrazolo [1, 5‐a] quinazoline derivatives 6 a‐f, secondary amide functionalized pyrido[2′, 3′:3,4] pyrazolo[1, 5‐a]quinazoline derivatives 7 a‐d and primary amide functionalized pyrido[2′, 3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1, 5‐a] quinazoline derivatives 8 a‐h were prepared starting from 2(1H)pyridone 1. All the compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains and the compounds 5, 6 a, 6 c, 6 f, 7 a, 8 c, 8 f and 8 h exhibited promising antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains. Compound 5 showed high antibacterial (MIC value of 3.9 μg/mL) and broad‐spectrum anti bio‐film activity. Compound 5 and 8 b also showed good antifungal activity against the tested panel of various Candida strains. Molecular docking studies revealed that, the compound 5 and 8 b showed good binding interactions and corroborates with the antifungal results. All the compounds also screened for cytotoxicity and the compounds 7 d, 8 a, 8 b and 8 d exhibited above 90% inhibition against MCF7 (breast) cancer cell line and the compounds 6 d, 7 a, 8 a, 8 b, 8 f and 8 g exhibited above 90% inhibition against SKOV3 (ovarian) cell line, with reference to Doxorubicin (Control) drug in terms of inhibition.
Synthesis and Structure of Novel Tin Complexes Containing Aminoalkoxide Ligands
Authors: Han Seong Ho , Jung Eun Ae , Lee Ji Hun , Kim Da Hye , Lee Ga Yeon , Park Bo Keun , Kim Chang Gyoun , Son Seung Uk , Chung Taek‐Mo
Published: July 2018

In this work, novel aminoalkoxide tin(II) compounds, [3‐(dimethylamino)propoxy]tin [Sn(dmap)2] (1), [4‐(dimethylamino)‐2‐methylbutoxy]tin [Sn(damb)2] (2), [4‐(dimethylamino)‐2‐methylpentoxy]tin [Sn(damp)2] (3), and [4‐(dimethylamino)‐2, 3‐dimethylbutoxy]tin [Sn(dadb)2] (4), were prepared by reacting Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2 with two molar equivalents of the respective aminoalcohols. The newly synthesized complexes were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, MS) and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of compounds 1 and 3 were further examined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The X‐ray structures of 1 and 3 revealed that the former complex was triclinic with tin as the central metal ion in trigonal bipyramidal geometry with uncoordinated nitrogen atoms while the latter complex was monomeric with the tin center in trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Thermal properties of the precursors were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis.
A Molecular Hybridization Approach for Simple and Expeditious Synthesis of Novel Spiro[oxindoline‐3, 4′‐isoxazolo[5, 4‐b]pyrazolo[4, 3‐e]pyridines] in Water
Authors: Kalita Subarna Jyoti , Deka Dibakar Chandra
Published: July 2018

A simple, general and straightforward synthesis of novel spiro[oxindoline‐3, 4′‐isoxazolo[5, 4‐b]pyrazolo[4, 3‐e]pyridines] by one‐pot three‐component reaction of isatins, 5‐aminopyrazoles and 5‐aminoisoxazoles in water using p‐toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (p‐TSA.H2O) as the catalyst is described. The notable advantages of the protocol are good to excellent yields, short reaction time, simple purification process involving no chromatographic technique, use of water as the solvent system, application of p‐TSA.H2O as cost‐effective catalyst, mild reaction conditions and operational simplicity that make the protocol highly attractive.
Syntheses, Structures and Magnetic Properties of Rare Earth Metal‐Organic Frameworks (REMOFs) Templated by Silicotungstic Heteropolyanion
Authors: Qin Tianzhu , Cao Feng , Zhu Wenhua , Dai Yong , Zhang Meng , Zhang Yu , Zhang Chi , Wang Juan
Published: July 2018

Two new rare earth metal‐organic frameworks (REMOFs) [Ln(pydc)(H2O)4]4SiW12O40⋅xH2O (Ln= Pr (1), Nd (2) ; pydc=2,6‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid; x= 4.51, 4.64) have been hydrothermally synthesized. The compounds are isostructural, and each possesses a 3D zeolite‐like cationic framework with the GIS topology. The typical Keggin‐anions [SiW12O40]4− are located in the nano‐sized cages through electrostatic interaction and strong hydrogen bonding interaction. Our results indicate that Keggin‐type silicotungstic heteropolyanion is an efficient template for the construction and stabilization of 3D REMOFs. Magnetic measurements of compound 2 reveal the presence of a small anisotropy of the NdIII ions. The thermal and solid‐state fluorluminescent properties of both compounds have been investigated as well.
Significant and Synergistic Intensification of Aerobic Oxidation of Activated Alcohols in Water at Ambient Condition by Adding Perfluoro‐Surfactant
Authors: Shen Xianbo , Zhang Qi , Zhang Guoqi , Wang Jianli
Published: July 2018

A general strategy for significantly intensifying aerobic oxidation of activated alcohols at “green” surrounding is reported (water as dispersion phase, molecular oxygen as oxidant, under room temperature and one standard atmosphere pressure). The reaction system consists of CuCl/DMAP/TEMPO as catalyst, and critically a certain amount of per‐fluorine surfactant as co‐catalyst. The selective transformation of activated alcohol has been significantly accelerated, with more than 200 times increase of the value of the observed first order rate constant (kobs). A synergistic reaction mechanism was proposed by comparing the types and the loading amount of surfactant. Notably, it was found that the charge of the surfactant determined the location of the active species, which almost dominated the conversion of substrate. This strategy was applicable to a variety of aromatic alcohols and heteroaromatic alcohols. Our work represents an innovative approach in multiphase reaction intensification and will provide some new insights on performing green reactions.
Perovskite Solar Cells: Optoelectronic Simulation and Optimization
Authors: An Yidan , Shang Aixue , Cao Guoyang , Wu Shaolong , Ma Dong , Li Xiaofeng
Published: July 2018

To realize reliably high efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), material synthesis, interface manipulation, and device realization have been widely studied. Nevertheless, deeply understanding the fundamental optics and physics which regulate the multi‐domain optoelectronic responses is crucial. Here, the authors present an optoelectronic study of PSCs under various configurations. It combines electromagnetic response and carrier electrodynamics inside PSCs so that the microscopic response in frequency/spatial domains and the device output can be obtained. The effects of perovskite doping type/concentration/thickness and doping concentrations of electron (hole) transport layer (i.e., ETL [HTL]) on the optoelectronic response of the complete, free‐HTL, and free‐ETL PSCs are studied. The energy diagrams addressing the band bending, the built‐in electrical field addressing the carrier separation, and the surface/bulk recombination addressing the current losses are analyzed. It is found that the doping type of perovskite greatly affects the cell performance, for example, for ETL‐side illumination, p‐perovskite enables higher efficiency than n‐doping due to a much reduced bulk recombination. Achieving good agreements with existing experiments, the model is used for the design of PSCs. It shows that the photoconversion efficiencies of complete, free‐HTL, and free‐ETL PSCs can be enhanced from 16.6%, 10.7%, and 13.3% to 19.0%, 15.9%, and 18.5%, respectively.
Understand basics of financial aid to help keep students on track
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: July 2018

ORLANDO — “How many [students] can function with no financial aid eligibility?” asked Allene Begley Curto, associate director of financial aid services at Springfield College. The federal regulations are complex, but faculty, staff, and administrators outside the Financial Aid Office need some basic information about how aid works so they don't give students advice that can create problems with their aid. And compliance should not be the sole or primary motivation of campus officials in understanding aid, Curto said. Campus officials need to have the shared goal of helping students complete their degrees or certificate programs.
Spring undergrad enrollment down from previous year
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: July 2018

Postsecondary enrollments for the spring 2018 term were at 17.8 million, a decline of 1.3 percent compared with spring 2017. Although enrollments in graduate and professional programs increased, they were outweighed by a decline in undergraduate enrollments. That's according to Current Term Enrollment Estimates Spring 2018, a report from the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center.
Danebury and the Heuneburg: Creating Communities in Early Iron Age Europe
Authors: Davis Oliver
Published: July 2018

The Iron Age in temperate Europe is characterized by the emergence of hillforts. While such sites can be highly variable, they also share many characteristics, implying cultural linkages across a wide geographical area. Yet, the interpretation of hillforts has increasingly seen significant divergence in theoretical approaches in different European countries. In particular, Iron Age studies in Britain have progressively distanced themselves from those pursued in continental Europe. This article attempts to address this issue by analysing the evidence from two of the best-known hillforts in Europe: Danebury in Wessex, southern England, and the Heuneburg in Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany. The article highlights a number of key similarities and differences in the occupational sequences of these sites. While the differences indicate that the hillforts are the creation of very different Iron Age societies, the synergies are argued to be a consequence of communities evincing similar responses to similar problems, particularly those resulting from the social tensions that develop when transforming previously dispersed rural societies into increasingly centralized forms.
ON PROVIDING EVIDENCE
Authors: Anderson Charity
Published: July 2018

Obligations to provide evidence to others arise in many contexts. This paper develops a framework within which to understand what it is to provide evidence to someone. I argue that an initially plausible connection between evidence-providing and evidence-possession fails: it is not the case that in order to count as providing evidence to someone, the intended recipient must have the evidence. I further argue that the following is possible: evidence is provided to an agent, the agent does not have the evidence, but it is not the case that the agent is culpably ignorant of the evidence.
Suspensions of finite-size neutrally buoyant spheres in turbulent duct flow
Authors: Fornari Walter , Kazerooni Hamid Tabaei , Hussong Jeanette , Brandt Luca
Published: July 2018

We study the turbulent square duct flow of dense suspensions of neutrally buoyant spherical particles. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are performed in the range of volume fractions $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0{-}0.2$, using the immersed boundary method (IBM) to account for the dispersed phase. Based on the hydraulic diameter a Reynolds number of 5600 is considered. We observe that for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.05$ and 0.1, particles preferentially accumulate on the corner bisectors, close to the corners, as also observed for laminar square duct flows of the same duct-to-particle size ratio. At the highest volume fraction, particles preferentially accumulate in the core region. For plane channel flows, in the absence of lateral confinement, particles are found instead to be uniformly distributed across the channel. The intensity of the cross-stream secondary flows increases (with respect to the unladen case) with the volume fraction up to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.1$, as a consequence of the high concentration of particles along the corner bisector. For $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.2$ the turbulence activity is reduced and the intensity of the secondary flows reduces to below that of the unladen case. The friction Reynolds number increases with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ in dilute conditions, as observed for channel flows. However, for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.2$ the mean friction Reynolds number is similar to that for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.1$. By performing the turbulent kinetic energy budget, we see that the turbulence production is enhanced up to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.1$, while for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.2$ the production decreases below the values for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.05$. On the other hand, the dissipation and the transport monotonically increase with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$. The interphase interaction term also contributes positively to the turbulent kinetic energy budget and increases monotonically with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$, in a similar way as the mean transport. Finally, we show that particles move on average faster than the fluid. However, there are regions close to the walls and at the corners where they lag behind it. In particular, for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.05,0.1$, the slip velocity distribution at the corner bisectors seems correlated to the locations of maximum concentration: the concentration is higher where the slip velocity vanishes. The wall-normal hydrodynamic and collision forces acting on the particles push them away from the corners. The combination of these forces vanishes around the locations of maximum concentration. The total mean forces are generally low along the corner bisectors and at the core, also explaining the concentration distribution for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.2$.
The lifetimes of evaporating sessile droplets are significantly extended by strong thermal effects
Authors: Schofield F. G. H. , Wilson S. K. , Pritchard D. , Sefiane K.
Published: July 2018

The evaporation of sessile droplets is analysed when the influence of the thermal properties of the system is strong. We obtain asymptotic solutions for the evolution, and hence explicit expressions for the lifetimes, of droplets when the substrate has a high thermal resistance relative to the droplet and when the saturation concentration of the vapour depends strongly on temperature. In both situations we find that the lifetimes of the droplets are significantly extended relative to those when thermal effects are weak.
Secondary flow in spanwise-periodic in-phase sinusoidal channels
Authors: Vidal A. , Nagib H. M. , Schlatter P. , Vinuesa R.
Published: July 2018

Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) are performed to analyse the secondary flow of Prandtl’s second kind in fully developed spanwise-periodic channels with in-plane sinusoidal walls. The secondary flow is characterized for different combinations of wave parameters defining the wall geometry at $Re_{h}=2500$ and 5000, where $h$ is the half-height of the channel. The total cross-flow rate in the channel $Q_{yz}$ is defined along with a theoretical model to predict its behaviour. Interaction between the secondary flows from opposite walls is observed if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\simeq h\simeq A$, where $A$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ are the amplitude and wavelength of the sinusoidal function defining the wall geometry. As the outer-scaled wavelength ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}/h$) is reduced, the secondary vortices become smaller and faster, increasing the total cross-flow rate per wall. However, if the inner-scaled wavelength ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}^{+}$) is below 130 viscous units, the cross-flow decays for smaller wavelengths. By analysing cases in which the wavelength of the wall is much smaller than the half-height of the channel $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\ll h$, we show that the cross-flow distribution depends almost entirely on the separation between the scales of the instantaneous vortices, where the upper and lower bounds are determined by $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}/h$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}^{+}$, respectively. Therefore, the distribution of the secondary flow relative to the size of the wave at a given $Re_{h}$ can be replicated at higher $Re_{h}$ by decreasing $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}/h$ and keeping $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}^{+}$ constant. The mechanisms that contribute to the mean cross-flow are analysed in terms of the Reynolds stresses and using quadrant analysis to evaluate the probability density function of the bursting events. These events are further classified with respect to the sign of their instantaneous spanwise velocities. Sweeping events and ejections are preferentially located in the valleys and peaks of the wall, respectively. The sweeps direct the instantaneous cross-flow from the core of the channel towards the wall, turning in the wall-tangent direction towards the peaks. The ejections drive the instantaneous cross-flow from the near-wall region towards the core. This preferential behaviour is identified as one of the main contributors to the secondary flow.
Streamwise self-similarity and log scaling in turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Dixit Shivsai Ajit , Ramesh O. N.
Published: July 2018

High Reynolds number is thought to be a fundamental condition essential for the occurrence of log scaling in turbulent boundary layers. However, while log variation of mean velocity is seen to occur at moderate Reynolds numbers in the traditional boundary layer literature, log variations of higher-order moments are evident only at much higher Reynolds numbers, as reported in recent experiments. This observation suggests that, underlying the occurrence of log scaling in turbulent boundary layers, there exists a more fundamental condition (apart from the largeness of Reynolds number) – the requirement of self-similar evolution of a mean-flow quantity of interest along a mean-flow streamline, i.e. the mean advection of the scaled mean quantity of interest is required to be zero. Experimental data from the literature provide strong support for this proposal.
Taming the UK's war prerogative: the rationale for reform
Authors: Chowdhury Tanzil
Published: July 2018

This paper assesses the current state of the war prerogative, specifically focusing on deployment decisions. It outlines the constitutional position over troop deployments, scrutinises recent reform efforts and problematises the rationale underpinning those reforms. The paper proceeds along one simple normative claim: that against the backdrop of frequent interventions, the publication of theIraq Inquiryand a series of Bills that have sought to statutorise deployment decisions, less use-of-force is better than more use-of-force, and constitutional arrangements ought to reflect this. The paper begins with an exegesis of the most recent attempt to bring deployment decisions onto a statutory footing, focusing on: (a) the difficulties and concomitant problems in defining ‘conflict decisions’; and (b) whether it could make deployment decisions reviewable. The paper then seeks to examine the rationale for reform, arguing that the main impetus behind the series of efforts has been to democratise the process of troop deployments when instead they should focus on use-of-force reduction.
Using δ2H in Human Bone Collagen to Correct for Freshwater 14C Reservoir Offsets: A Pilot Study from Shamanka II, Lake Baikal, Southern Siberia
Authors: Schulting Rick J , Snoeck Christophe , Begley Ian , Brookes Steve , Bazaliiskii Vladimir I , Bronk Ramsey Christopher , Weber Andrzej
Published: July 2018

There is increasing awareness of the need to correct for freshwater as well as marine reservoir effects when undertaking radiocarbon (14C) dating of human remains. Here, we explore the use of stable hydrogen isotopes (δ2H), alongside the more commonly used stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotopes (δ15N), for correcting 14C freshwater reservoir offsets in 10 paired human-faunal dates from graves at the prehistoric cemetery of Shamanka II, Lake Baikal, southern Siberia. Excluding one individual showing no offset, the average human-faunal offset was 515±175 14C yr. Linear regression models demonstrate a strong positive correlation between δ15N and δ2H ratios, supporting the use of δ2H as a proxy for trophic level. Both isotopes show moderate but significant correlations (r2 ~ 0.45, p < 0.05) with 14C offsets (while δ13C on its own does not), though δ2H performs marginally better. A regression model using all three stable isotopes to predict 14C offsets accounts for approximately 65% of the variation in the latter (r2=0.651, p=0.025), with both δ13C and δ2H, but not δ15N, contributing significantly. The results suggest that δ2H may be a useful proxy for freshwater reservoir corrections, though further work is needed.
What is the Meaning of Meaning in Paul Tillich's Theology?
Authors: Cassedy Steven
Published: July 2018

One of the most frequently occurring terms in Paul Tillich's theology is meaning (in his English writings) or Sinn (in his German writings). But Tillich used both in multiple senses, without acknowledging or even appearing to be aware that he was doing so. He wrote only in German till he immigrated to the United States at the age of forty-seven. He used the German Sinn abundantly in his native tongue, and with a variety of meanings: a universal medium for understanding the world; “sense,” as in “making sense” or what is missing in “senseless” (sinnlos) statements; “the unconditional” (“das Unbedingte”); a “thing pointed at” (in Tillich's theory of symbols and signs); a grand metaphysical quality of some undefined sort; the object-correlate of an act of cognition; and “God.” He drew on the German Sinn when he began to write in English but, because of the grammatical status of meaning as a verbal noun, the English term allowed Tillich to ascribe agency to things that in his view bear meaning, for example the thing that grasps us when we are in the state of faith. In addition, the English word meaning for Tillich meant “comprehensibility,” “value,” “direction,” from existential philosophy (what is missing when life is meaningless); “ultimate concern” (the “meaning which gives meaning to all meanings”); in the plural, something undefined that the human person “lives in”; and “God.” The change from German to English accompanied a change in his conception of faith, raising the possibility that the new language moved Tillich's theology in a new direction.
Moving Texts: A Hermeneutics of the Gospel According to Hollywood
Authors: Clogher Paul
Published: July 2018

The Hollywood Jesus epics re-visualize the gospel story against the anxious backdrops of secularization, cultural pluralism, and moral skepticism. While these epics are often derided for their lack of theological insight, cultural awareness, or aesthetic taste, this article argues for a re-appreciation of the genre's internal pluralism and hermeneutical significance. Focusing on Cecil B. DeMille'sThe King of Kings(1927) and Nicholas Ray'sKing of Kings(1961), it reflects on the epic as a tradition-forming moment in the Jesus story's reception. Both DeMille and Ray offer competing interpretations of Jesus, thus illustrating how the genre functions as a site of christological and hermeneutical reflection. Against this backdrop, I argue for a reinterpretation of the genre and, further, proffer a hermeneutical exploration of cinema more broadly as a central moment in the dialogue between Christianity and popular culture.
What Does the Study of Religion Study?
Authors: Schilbrack Kevin
Published: July 2018

At the end of the twentieth century, scholars in the academic study of religion made what we might call “the reflexive turn,” in that they picked up the tools of genealogy, deconstruction, and post-colonial studies and they began in earnest to reflect critically on their own conceptual categories. Where did the very concept of “religion” come from? Whose interests are served by this apparently modern, European, and Christian way of categorizing practices? One way to think about the effect of the reflexive turn is to think of the conceptual vocabulary in religious studies as a window or lens through which scholars had previously been examining the world. What had been taken as natural and transparent now becomes itself the object of study. Richard King calls this “the Copernican turn,” that is, as he nicely puts it, a turn to focus on the representation that makes the object possible rather than the object that makes the representation possible. The goal of this turn is to “denaturalize” the concept of religion (King, 1). The reflexive or Copernican turn, in my judgment, is a crucial aspect of social inquiry that scholars of religion should not ignore. But it clearly leads to the question: once one denaturalizes the concept of “religion,” what does the academic study of religion study?
The use of visual distraction to improve the tolerability of flexible laryngoscopy
Authors: Biggs T C , Henderson A , Shelton F , Patel N N
Published: July 2018

Background

Flexible laryngoscopy is a commonly performed procedure in otolaryngology. Although this procedure is not considered painful, many patients describe it as uncomfortable. This study investigated the role of visual distraction as a form of pain relief during flexible laryngoscopy.

Methods

The study included patients undergoing flexible laryngoscopy at the University Hospital Southampton. Patients were self-allocated to one of four groups: with or without co-phenylcaine anaesthetic spray; and with and without visual distraction. Visual distraction involved the patient watching the procedure concurrently with the clinician, via a video monitor. Pre- and post-procedural discomfort was assessed using a visual analogue scale.

Results

The use of topical anaesthetic spray was not associated with significantly reduced discomfort scores (p > 0.05). Discomfort scores were significantly reduced in the visual distraction groups (p = 0.04), irrespective of the use of topical anaesthetic spray.

Conclusion

This small study showed that visual distraction should be considered as a simple and cost-effective alternative to local anaesthetic for flexible laryngoscopy.
Beichuan's Tragedy: Tan Zuoren and the politics, suffering, and injustice of the Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: MÄENPÄÄ MARJAANA
Published: July 2018

It has been argued that Tan Zuoren's essay ‘Longmen Mountain, please bear witness for the children of Beichuan’ is not only an attempt to narrate an alternative version of the story of the Wenchuan earthquake but also to present a vision of an alternative future for Chinese society. The building blocks for this alternative future would be finding a balance between human beings and nature, respect for minorities, and responsible rule. Tan does not demand the end of Communist Party rule, but explains how the system could be changed to make it better for both the people and nature. The keys to achieving this goal are rectifying historical injustices, an honest examination of mistakes, and respect for ordinary people.
Mass vaccination response to a measles outbreak is not always possible. Lessons from a London prison
Authors: Junghans C. , Heffernan C. , Valli A. , Gibson K.
Published: July 2018

In this study, we describe a contained measles outbreak in a London prison, the second such outbreak in a custodial setting. Once vaccination commenced, just under a third of eligible prisoners were immunised due to a low uptake of the vaccine. We conducted a root-cause analysis in order to identify factors which may have prevented or altered the course of the outbreak. Our analysis revealed that many of the factors identified are those that cannot be easily changed. It is unlikely that mass vaccination at the time, even in the absence of some of the more easily rectifiable issues, could have fully avoided further cases in the event of a mass outbreak. Both measles outbreaks in a custodial setting started with a member of staff and immunisation status of the staff were largely unknown. We argue that mass vaccination following an outbreak in a prison is unlikely to fully prevent a mass outbreak, and that implementing opt-out testing, empirical vaccination and insisting on full immunisation of staff are most likely to both prevent and contain outbreaks in the future.
Disruptive Behaviors across Different Disorders: Evaluation of a Clinical Sample Using the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory
Authors: Heinrichs Nina , Kamp-Becker Inge , Bussing Regina , Schimek Martina , Becker Andreas , Briegel Wolfgang
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Objective: The study reports the prevalence of disruptive behaviors in a help-seeking sample of young children across a diverse range of clinical diagnoses (based on ICD-10). Method: The Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI), a parent rating scale of disruptive behaviors, was completed on 310 children (2–11 years) at three child and adolescent psychiatry clinics in three German states (Bavaria, Hesse, Lower Saxony); the majority of children were outpatients. Results: Mean intensity scores of disruptive behaviors differed significantly by diagnostic group, with the lowest ratings within a community sample, and increasingly higher scores in children with a diagnosis from the internalizing spectrum, those with pervasive developmental disorders, and finally, those with externalizing disorders (e. g. hyperkinetic disorder, conduct disorders). Seventy percent of the clinical sample, compared to only 17 % of the community sample, exceeded the normative cut-off score of 111, indicating that disruptive behaviors are common in young German children seeking help for different mental health problems. Conclusions: These findings support the Research Domain Criteria approach by showing that disruptive behaviors cross our current diagnostic labels and may need to be assessed and conceptualized in treatment planning, even in children without a primary diagnosis from the externalizing spectrum.
Understanding Soil and Plant Interaction by Combining Ground‐Based Quantitative Electromagnetic Induction and Airborne Hyperspectral Data
Authors: von Hebel Christian , Matveeva Maria , Verweij Elizabeth , Rademske Patrick , Kaufmann Manuela Sarah , Brogi Cosimo , Vereecken Harry , Rascher Uwe , van der Kruk Jan
Published: July 2018

For the first time, we combine depth‐specific soil information obtained from the quantitative inversion of ground‐based multicoil electromagnetic induction data with the airborne hyperspectral vegetation mapping of 1 × 1‐m pixels including Sun‐induced fluorescence (F) to understand how subsurface structures drive above‐surface plant performance. Hyperspectral data were processed to quantitative F and selected biophysical canopy maps, which are proxies for actual photosynthetic rates. These maps showed within‐field spatial patterns, which were attributed to paleo‐river channels buried at around 1‐m depth. The soil structures at specific depths were identified by quantitative electromagnetic induction data inversions and confirmed by soil samples. Whereas the upper plowing layer showed minor correlation to the plant data, the deeper subsoil carrying vital plant resources correlated substantially. Linking depth‐specific soil information with plant performance data may greatly improve our understanding and the modeling of soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere exchange processes.
Friction of Mineralogically Controlled Serpentinites and Implications for Fault Weakness
Authors: Tesei T. , Harbord C. W. A. , De Paola N. , Collettini C. , Viti C.
Published: July 2018

Serpentines are common minerals in several major tectonic faults in a variety of geodynamic settings and have variable frictional strength and complex deformation processes. Here we present friction experiments carried out on a suite of serpentine samples that include veins of antigorite, lizardite, and fibrous serpentine (chrysotile and polygonal serpentine) together with massive samples of retrograde (lizardite and chrysotile rich) and prograde (antigorite‐rich) serpentinites. These samples were characterized from the hand specimen down to the nanoscale to precisely constrain their mineralogical composition and are interpreted to represent typical fault rocks and host rocks in serpentine‐bearing shear zones, respectively. Experiments were performed at effective normal stress from 5 to 120 MPa, at temperatures of 25°C and 170°C and water‐saturated, that is, under the faulting conditions of the brittle upper lithosphere. Friction of antigorite samples, either massive or vein, is relatively high μ = 0.53. Retrograde, massive serpentinites, constituted primarily of lizardite and fibrous serpentines, are frictionally weak, μ = 0.30. End‐members lizardite and fibrous serpentines are even weaker, 0.15 < μ < 0.19, and this weakness is unchanged at high temperature. We document deformation of lizardite and fibrous serpentines occurring predominantly via mode II cracking, crystal/fiber folding, and frictional sliding, which account for the observed mechanical weakness. When combined with frictional reactivation analysis, our data provide mechanical evidence for fault weakness inferred from earthquake dip distributions at oceanic outer rises and low‐angle normal faults beneath rifted continental margins and at slow/ultraslow spreading mid‐ocean ridges.
Links Between Carbon Monoxide and Climate Indices for the Southern Hemisphere and Tropical Fire Regions
Authors: Buchholz R. R. , Hammerling D. , Worden H. M. , Deeter M. N. , Emmons L. K. , Edwards D. P. , Monks S. A.
Published: July 2018

In the Southern Hemisphere and tropics, the main contribution to carbon monoxide (CO) variability is from fire emissions, which are connected to climate through the availability, type, and dryness of fuel. Here we assess the data‐driven relationships between CO and climate, aiming to predict atmospheric loading during fire seasons. Observations of total column CO from the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere satellite instrument are used to build a record of monthly anomalies between 2001 and 2016, focusing on seven biomass burning regions of the Southern Hemisphere and tropics. With the exception of 2015, the range of absolute variability in CO is similar between regions. We model CO anomalies in each of the regions using climate indices for the climate modes: El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, Tropical South Atlantic, and Antarctic Oscillation. Stepwise forward and backward variable selection is used to choose from statistical regression models that use combinations of climate indices, at lag times between 1 and 8 months relative to CO anomalies. The Bayesian information criterion selects models with the best predictive power. We find that all climate mode indices are required to model CO in each region, generally explaining over 50% of the variability and over 70% for tropical regions. First‐order interaction terms of the climate modes are necessary, producing greatly improved explanation of CO variability over single terms. Predictive capability is assessed for the Maritime Southeast Asia and the predicted peak CO anomaly in 2015 is within 20% of the measurements.
Hypothalamic oxidative stress and inflammation, and peripheral glucose homeostasis in Sprague-Dawley rat offspring exposed to maternal and postnatal chocolate and soft drink
Authors: Kjaergaard Marina , Nilsson Cecilia , Nielsen Mette Olaf , Grove Kevin , Raun Kirsten
Published: July 2018

Background

Predisposition to obesity and type 2 diabetes can arise during foetal development and in early postnatal life caused by imbalances in maternal nutritional overload. We aimed to investigate the effects of maternal and postnatal intake of chocolate and soft drink on hypothalamic anti-oxidative stress markers, inflammation and peripheral glucose homeostasis.

Methods

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ad libitum chow diet only (C) or with chocolate and high sucrose soft drink supplements (S). At birth, litter size was adjusted into 10 male offspring per dam. After weaning at 3 weeks of age, offspring from both dietary groups were assigned to either S or C diet, giving four groups until the end of the experiment at 26 weeks of age.

Results

Offspring exposed to maternal S had up-regulated hypothalamic anti-oxidative markers such as SOD2 and catalase at 3 weeks of age as an indication of oxidative stress. However, at 12 weeks of age these anti-oxidative markers tended to decrease while pro-inflammatory markers such as TNF and IL-1β became up-regulated of all offspring exposed to S diet during some point of their life. Thus, despite an increase in anti-oxidative stress response, offspring exposed to maternal S had a reduced ability to counteract hypothalamic inflammation. At the same time point, postnatal S resulted in increased adiposity, reduced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity with no effect on body weight. However, at 25 weeks of age, the impaired glucose tolerance was reversible to the response of the control regardless of increased adiposity and body weight pointing towards a compensatory response of the insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion.

Conclusion

Indications of hypothalamic oxidative stress was observed prior to the inflammatory response in offspring exposed to maternal S. Both maternal and postnatal S induced hypothalamic inflammation prior to increased weight gain and thus contributing to obese phenotype.
A dual role of miR-22 modulated by RelA/p65 in resensitizing fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer cells to fulvestrant by targeting FOXP1 and HDAC4 and constitutive acetylation of p53 at Lys382
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Dongping , Filkowski Jody , Rodriguez-Juarez Rocio , Storozynsky Quinn , Malach Megan , Carpenter Emily , Kovalchuk Olga
Published: July 2018

Antiestrogen resistance is a major challenge encountered during the treatment of estrogen receptor alpha positive (ERα+) breast cancer. A better understanding of signaling pathways and downstream transcription factors and their targets may identify key molecules that can overcome antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer. An aberrant expression of miR-22 has been demonstrated in breast cancer; however, its contribution to breast cancer resistance to fulvestrant, an antiestrogen drug, remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated a moderate elevation in miR-22 expression in the 182R-6 fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer line we used as a model system, and this elevation was positively correlated with the expression of the miRNA biogenesis enzymes AGO2 and Dicer. The level of phosphorylated HER2/neu at Tyr877 was also upregulated in these cells, whereas the level of RelA/p65 phosphorylated at Ser536 (p-p65) was downregulated. Knockdown of HER2/neu led to an induction of p-p65 and a reduction in miR-22 levels. Luciferase assays identified two NF-κB binding motifs in the miR-22 promoter that contributed to transcriptional repression of miR-22. Activation of RelA/p65, triggered by LPS, attenuated miR-22 expression, but this expression was restored by sc-514, a selective IKKβ inhibitor. Inhibition of miR-22 suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and caused cell cycle S-phase arrest, whereas enhancing expression of p21Cip1/Waf1 and p27Kip1. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of miR-22 also suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, caused S-phase arrest, and promoted the expression of p21Cip1/Waf1 and p27Kip1. Ectopic overexpression of miR-22 repressed the expression of FOXP1 and HDAC4, leading to a marked induction of acetylation of HDAC4 target histones. Conversely, inhibition of miR-22 promoted the expression of both FOXP1 and HDAC4, without the expected attenuation of histone acetylation. Instead, p53 acetylation at lysine 382 was unexpectedly upregulated. Taken together, our findings demonstrated, for the first time, that HER2 activation dephosphorylates RelA/p65 at Ser536. This dephosphoryalted p65 may be pivotal in transactivation of miR-22. Both increased and decreased miR-22 expression cause resensitization of fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer cells to fulvestrant. HER2/NF-κB (p65)/miR-22/HDAC4/p21 and HER2/NF-κB (p65)/miR-22/Ac-p53/p21 signaling circuits may therefore confer this dual role on miR-22 through constitutive transactivation of p21.
High expression of HMGA2 independently predicts poor clinical outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Marquis Miriam , Beaubois Cyrielle , Lavallée Vincent-Philippe , Abrahamowicz Michal , Danieli Coraline , Lemieux Sébastien , Ahmad Imran , Wei Andrew , Ting Stephen B. , Fleming Shaun , Schwarer Anthony , Grimwade David , Grey William , Hills Robert K. , Vyas Paresh , Russell Nigel , Sauvageau Guy , Hébert Josée
Published: July 2018

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), risk stratification based on cytogenetics and mutation profiling is essential but remains insufficient to select the optimal therapy. Accurate biomarkers are needed to improve prognostic assessment. We analyzed RNA sequencing and survival data of 430 AML patients and identified HMGA2 as a novel prognostic marker. We validated a quantitative PCR test to study the association of HMGA2 expression with clinical outcomes in 358 AML samples. In this training cohort, HMGA2 was highly expressed in 22.3% of AML, mostly in patients with intermediate or adverse cytogenetics. High expression levels of HMGA2 (H + ) were associated with a lower frequency of complete remission (58.8% vs 83.4%, P < 0.001), worse 3-year overall survival (OS, 13.2% vs 43.5%, P < 0.001) and relapse-free survival (RFS, 10.8% vs 44.2%, P < 0.001). A positive HMGA2 test also identified a subgroup of patients unresponsive to standard treatments. Multivariable analyses showed that H + was independently associated with significantly worse OS and RFS, including in the intermediate cytogenetic risk category. These associations were confirmed in a validation cohort of 260 patient samples from the UK NCRI AML17 trial. The HMGA2 test could be implemented in clinical trials developing novel therapeutic strategies for high-risk AML.
Transforming Bell’s inequalities into state classifiers with machine learning
Authors: Ma Yue-Chi , Yung Man-Hong
Published: July 2018

In quantum information science, a major challenge is to look for an efficient means for classifying quantum states. An attractive proposal is to utilize Bell’s inequality as an entanglement witness, for classifying entangled state. The problem is that entanglement is necessary but not sufficient for violating Bell’s inequalities, making these inequalities unreliable in state classification. Furthermore, in general, classifying the separability of states, even for only few qubits, is resource-consuming. Here we look for alternative solutions with the methods of machine learning, by constructing neural networks that are capable of simultaneously encoding convex sets of multiple entanglement witness inequalities. The simulation results indicated that these transformed Bell-type classifiers can perform significantly better than the original Bell’s inequalities in classifying entangled states. We further extended our analysis to classify quantum states into multiple species through machine learning. These results not only provide an interpretation of neural network as quantum state classifier, but also confirm that neural networks can be a valuable tool for quantum information processing.