bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age Estimation from the Rib by Phase Analysis: White Males
Authors: Yaşar İşcan M , Loth SR , Wright RK
Published: August 2015

The determination of age at death is an important part of physical and forensic anthropology. Techniques now in use vary from direct observation of a bone to microscopic examination of a given segment. This study introduces the sternal end of the rib as a new site for age estimation by direct observation. The sample consisted of 118 white male ribs of verified age, sex, and race. The ribs were assigned to one of nine phases (0 through 8) based on changes noted at the costochondral junction. These included the formation of a pit, its depth and shape, configuration of the walls and rim surrounding it, and the overall texture and quality of the bone. Statistical analysis indicated that these changes were age related. It was further revealed that metamorphosis was most rapid and uniform from the mean age of 17 to 28 years (Phases 1 through 4). The rib morphology was more varied after age 39 (Phase 5) resulting in a wider range for the predicted age. Our study concluded that the sternal rib end may yield a similar degree of accuracy to the public symphysis and perhaps better than that for cranial sutural closure. Our technique also enables the forensic scientist to use the rib for corroboration with age estimations obtained by traditional methods.
Identification of a Rope by Means of a Physical Match Between the Cut Ends
Authors: Laux DL
Published: August 2015

A case in which a rope found at the scene of a homicide is conclusively matched to its source is reported. It demonstrates that the preliminary stereomicroscopic examination of the cut edges of cords and ropes is important.
A Review of Introduction to Forensic Toxicology
Authors: Peat MA
Published: August 2015

This book is intended for use by both teachers and practicing professionals in forensic toxicology. It is divided into three sections, and the first section, “Principles for Forensic Toxicology,” includes information on the pharmacological and analytical principles necessary for the forensic toxicologist to fulfill his professional obligations. Chapters on the history of forensic toxicology and the pathology of poisoning are also included. The second section deals with the practice of forensic toxicology and describes the type of work involved in a routine forensic toxicology laboratory. The final section, “Applications of Forensic Toxicology,” includes chapters on data reporting and handling, interpretation of toxicological data, and appearing as an expert witness.
Pioneer Contributions of Harris Hawthorne Wilder, Ph.D., To Forensic Sciences
Authors: Stewart TD
Published: August 2015

In his youth Harris Hawthorne Wilder developed interests in both zoology and human anatomy. Following graduate study in Germany (1886–1891), he was appointed professor of zoology at Smith College but retained his dual interests throughout his career. As a result, he was instrumental in introducing to American audiences two new European developments in human identification; dermatoglyphics and face reconstruction on skulls. The details of his contributions in these two areas, summarized here, establish him as an important pioneer in American forensic sciences.
A Review of Scientific Examination of Questioned Documents
Authors: Devine FM
Published: August 2015

This revised edition of Mr. Hilton's treatise on document examination work is a valuable and welcome publication. Mr. Hilton has expanded on his original book in a number of areas of importance in the questioned document field. Specifically, chapters on the identification of signatures and forgery detection and the identification of hand-lettering and numerals have been enlarged. Information on typewriter identification has been enlarged to include data on proportionally spaced and single element machines as well as modern electronic typewriter devices.
Proficiency Testing in Forensic Toxicology: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Peat MA , Finnigan JS , Finkle BS
Published: August 2015

This study has shown that a national proficiency testing program in forensic toxicology is feasible. Samples that resemble typical case specimens were prepared and shipped to approximately 100 laboratories. Participation varied between 61 and 73%. Tissue samples obtained from laboratory animals can be used to simulate those encountered by forensic toxicologists. This has been demonstrated using liver homogenates from animals administered pentobarbital and methaqualone and propoxyphene and acetaminophen. There was a large coefficient of variation however, for the quantitation of acetaminophen in liver. The qualitative data obtained during the course of this study showed a very low incidence of false positives. However, there was a disappointingly low percentage of positive responses for (a) low concentrations of secobarbital and (b) the opiate narcotics (morphine and codeine) in blood, despite the fact that sensitive immunoassay procedures are available for detecting these particular compounds in blood samples. The quantitative determination of drugs and metabolites, other than ethanol, shows wide interlaboratory variation. This variation is presumably not a result of the use of different analytical techniques, since gas liquid chromatography was used by the majority of participants to quantitate drugs and metabolites. Forensic toxicologists are willing to participate in a voluntary proficiency testing program conducted by an independent agency. The performance data developed in this study can serve as a baseline for current forensic toxicology laboratory functional capability in the assessment of future changes and improvements in analytical forensic toxicology.
A Case of Suicide Involving the Concomitant Intravenous Injection of Barbital and Oral Ingestion of Arsenic
Authors: Graham MA , Poklis A , Mackell MA , Gantner GE
Published: August 2015

A case of suicide involving the intravenous injection of barbital and the oral ingestion of arsenic trioxide is reported. The pathologic and toxicologic findings are discussed.
The importance of IgG4 in the predictive model of thyroiditis
Authors: Pandrc Milena S , Petrović Stanko , Kostovski Vanja , Petrović Marijana , Zarić Miloš
Published: August 2015

Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related sclerosing disease (IgG4-RSD) is a new disease entity first proposed with regard to autoimmune pancreatitis. A 67-year-old male patient was examined because of weight loss and an abdominal pain. Based on the clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters and ultrasound features, we identified the diagnosis of the IgG4-related systemic disease (IgG4-RSD), that was confirmed by the histopathological analysis after the biopsy of the head of pancreas. After confirmation, we started with the corticosteroid therapy with a good clinical, biochemical and morphological response. During the previous therapy, the disturbance of glucoregulation appeared, so we had to change the modality of treatment. We decided to add Azathioprine to the therapy in a dose of 150 mg/day. We achieved a stable phase of the disease with IgG 4.37 g/l and IgG4 0.179 g/l, and with no side effects from the therapy.

Learning points

There are potential clinical applications of identifying subsets of patients with IgG4 thyroiditis (FVHT and Riedel thyroiditis).

A trial of immunosuppressive therapy should be included if a resection is deemed inadvisable.

In particular, cases of FVHT that mimic malignancy, tissue and serum IgG4 may provide supportive diagnostic information.
Pure aldosterone-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma in a patient with refractory primary hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Hussain S , Panteliou E , Berney D M , Carpenter R , Matson M , Sahdev A , Bell M , O'Sullivan E , Drake W M
Published: August 2015

We describe a young male patient with longstanding hypertension, who was diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism and treated by an attempted retroperitoneoscopic total unilateral adrenalectomy for a left-sided presumed aldosterone-secreting adenoma. Imaging had shown an unremarkable focal adrenal lesion with normal contralateral adrenal morphology, and histology of the resected specimen showed no adverse features. Post-operatively, his blood pressure and serum aldosterone levels fell to the normal range, but 9 months later, his hypertension recurred, primary aldosteronism was again confirmed and he was referred to our centre. Repeat imaging demonstrated an irregular left-sided adrenal lesion with normal contralateral gland appearances. Adrenal venous sampling was performed, which supported unilateral (left-sided) aldosterone hypersecretion. Redo surgery via a laparoscopically assisted transperitoneal approach was performed and multiple nodules were noted extending into the retroperitoneum. It was thought unlikely that complete resection had been achieved. His blood pressure returned to normal post-operatively, although hypokalaemia persisted. Histological examination, from this second operation, showed features of an adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC; including increased mitoses and invasion of fat) that was assessed as malignant using the scoring systems of Weiss and Aubert. Biochemical hyperaldosteronism persisted post-operatively, and detailed urine steroid profiling showed no evidence of adrenal steroid precursors or other mineralocorticoid production. He received flank radiotherapy to the left adrenal bed and continues to receive adjunctive mitotane therapy for a diagnosis of a pure aldosterone-secreting ACC.

Learning points

Pure aldosterone-secreting ACCs are exceptionally uncommon, but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with primary aldosteronism.

Aldosterone-producing ACCs may not necessarily show typical radiological features consistent with malignancy.

Patients who undergo surgical treatment for primary aldosteronism should have follow-up measurements of blood pressure to monitor for disease recurrence, even if post-operative normotension is thought to indicate a surgical ‘cure’.

Owing to the rarity of such conditions, a greater understanding of their natural history is likely to come from wider cooperation with, and contribution to, large multi-centre outcomes databases.
Silencios que hacen ruido: De cómo se sobrepuso John Stuart Mill de los estados melancólicos del utilitarismo
Authors: Trincado Aznar Estrella
Published: August 2015

John Stuart Mill inicialmente basaba su concepción del suicidio en la teoría de Hume y en la aritmética moral de Bentham; sin embargo, tuvo una experiencia transformadora en su juventud, momento en que deseó quitarse la vida que superó leyendo a los románticos ingleses. Este artículo muestra la visión de Mill sobre el suicidio, que silenció durante años, a través de la concepción de los románticos, de la de Hume y también de la de Adam Smith. Efectivamente, en la Teoría de los Sentimientos Morales Smith tuvo el valor de criticar la famosa defensa de Hume del suicidio; sin embargo, y a pesar de que la influencia de La Riqueza de las Naciones en Mill ha sido ampliamente estudiada, se ha pasado por alto la posible influencia de la teoría moral de Smith en la superación de su crisis mental.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/t.20.1.2518Silencios que hacen ruido: De cómo se sobrepuso John Stuart Mill de los estados melancólicos del utilitarismo
Late Preterm Infants and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at Kindergarten
Authors: Woythaler Melissa , McCormick Marie C. , Mao Wen-Yang , Smith Vincent C.
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Late preterm infants (LPIs) (gestation 34 weeks and 0 days to 36 weeks and 6 days) compared with full-term infants (FTIs) are at increased risk for mortality and short- and long-term morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess the neurodevelopmental outcomes in a longitudinal cohort study of LPIs from infancy to school age and determine predictive values of earlier developmental testing compared with school-age testing.

METHODS:

We used general estimating equations to calculate the odds of school readiness in a nationally representative cohort of 4900 full-term and 950 late preterm infants. We generated positive and negative predictive values of the ability of the 24-month Mental Developmental Index (MDI) scores of the Bayley Short Form, Research Edition, to predict Total School Readiness Score (TSRS) at kindergarten age.

RESULTS:

In multivariable analysis, late preterm infants had higher odds of worse TSRSs (adjusted odds ratio 1.52 [95% confidence interval 1.06–2.18], P = .0215). The positive predictive value of a child having an MDI of <70 at 24 months and a TSRS <5% at kindergarten was 10.4%. The negative predictive value of having an MDI of >70 at 24 months and a TSRS >5% was 96.8%. Most infants improved score ranking over the study interval.

CONCLUSIONS:

LPIs continue to be delayed at kindergarten compared with FTIs. The predictive validity of having a TSRS in the bottom 5% given a MDI <70 at 24 months was poor. A child who tested within the normal range (>85) at 24 months had an excellent chance of testing in the normal range at kindergarten.
Can bicycle training for children increase active travel?
Authors: Johnson Rebecca , Frearson Michael , Hewson Paul
Published: August 2015

Evidence in support of cycle training is limited, and its potential to improve safety and make a tangible difference to cycling levels is unclear. Nevertheless, Bikeability, the UK government’s cycle training programme introduced in 2006, is widespread in schools and is actively supported by many parents/carers. This paper draws together a number of evidence sources in an attempt to understand the role of cycle training as one among several measures for increasing active travel. It reviews existing research regarding the role of and outcomes from cycle training for children before offering an overview of the current distribution of cycle training in English schools. Next it draws on two new data sources – the 2014 CensusAtSchool and the 2014 Bikeability School Travel Survey – to explore outcomes, experiences and perceptions of cycling and cycle training from a child’s perspective. From this it draws conclusions regarding the role of cycle training in schools and elaborates on what this means for policy makers and practitioners.
Briefing: Lessons learned from failures of flood defences
Authors: Jonkman Sebastiaan N. , Schweckendiek Timo
Published: August 2015

Failure of flood defences during extreme events can lead to enormous damage and loss of life. This paper presents lessons learned from investigations of flood events over recent years, including the 2005 flooding in New Orleans, USA, caused by hurricane Katrina. Based on these findings, new developments in the field of research, design and engineering of flood defences are discussed, such as the introduction of risk-based approaches and better utilisation of failure data, field observations and monitoring. Such approaches are crucial to allow extrapolation for more extreme load conditions due to climate change, with anticipated sea level rise and increasing precipitation.
Por favor, levem-me
Authors: Araújo Henry Correa de
Published: August 2015

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Aviso a um pacato cidadão
Authors: Carvalho Nuno Tomaz Pires de
Published: August 2015

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Racha
Authors: Bacamarte Marcus
Published: August 2015

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As manhas do Jabuti no Manifesto Antropófago
Authors: Mendes Lauro Belchior
Published: August 2015

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Comuin
Authors: Camargos Mauricio Lara
Published: August 2015

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E Bandeiras
Authors: Fantini Sérgio Francisco Cruz
Published: August 2015

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Pedra de amolar
Authors: Carvalho José Amâncio de
Published: August 2015

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O menino no quarto
Authors: Castro Maurício Fernandes de
Published: August 2015

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O mel do amor
Authors: Claver Ronald
Published: August 2015

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Ao meu filho morto
Authors: Oliveira e Paiva Vera Lúcia Menezes de
Published: August 2015

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Revista Literária do Corpo Discente da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, ano II, n. 2
Authors: Completa Edição
Published: August 2015

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A ausente
Authors: Reis Adão Ventura Ferreira
Published: August 2015

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Incelença
Authors: Coelho Lauro Augusto Machado
Published: August 2015

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Jardineiro
Authors: Pontes P.
Published: August 2015

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Reflexões sobre menino de engenho
Authors: Mendes Lauro Belchior
Published: August 2015

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Lolita, meu amor
Authors: Moreira Terezinha Taborda
Published: August 2015

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Sem referecial
Authors: Mota Flávio Gonçalves
Published: August 2015

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Melodrama
Authors: Couy Vénus Brasileira
Published: August 2015

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Noite quase
Authors: Santos Luis Alberto Ferreira Brandão
Published: August 2015

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Posfácio à obra de Isaac Zemborain
Authors: Penna Daniel Galupo de Paula
Published: August 2015

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XVIII — A lua
Authors: Santos Luis Alberto Ferreira Brandão
Published: August 2015

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Judith
Authors: Reis Carlos Alberto Marques dos
Published: August 2015

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O tão esperado descanso da cabeça do Sr. Leal ou Onde quer que você esteja não esqueça de escrever
Authors: Duarte André Felipe Pinto
Published: August 2015

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Tarde
Authors: Souza Antônio Rodrigues de
Published: August 2015

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Cinco sentidos
Authors: Gonçalves Regis Antônio Duarte
Published: August 2015

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Verve
Authors: Naves Élcio
Published: August 2015

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A namorada azul
Authors: Moreira João Bosco De Araújo
Published: August 2015

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Origami
Authors: Silva Anísio Viana da
Published: August 2015

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Ó ínfimo
Authors: Teixeira Oswaldo Augusto Palhares
Published: August 2015

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Andante
Authors: Valente Alan Castellano
Published: August 2015

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O sopro
Authors: Gazzinelli Gabriela G.
Published: August 2015

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Amálgama
Authors: Andrade Paulo De
Published: August 2015

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Vias Veias Asfálticas
Authors: G. César
Published: August 2015

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Samambaia-Trepadeira
Authors: Viana Luiz Márcio Ribeiro
Published: August 2015

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Ascensão e queda
Authors: Franco Athos Batista
Published: August 2015

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O sonho
Authors: Figueiredo Luiz Fernando De Andrade
Published: August 2015

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Sentido
Authors: Mesquita Lea Nilce
Published: August 2015

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Direções
Authors: Martins Joaquim
Published: August 2015

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OS DESAFIOS DO COTIDIANO EDUCACIONAL: O CASO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Marques Marta Nascimento , Krug Rodrigo De Rosso , Krug Hugo Norberto , Conceição Victor Julierme Santos da
Published: August 2015

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar os desafios percebidos pelos professores de Educação Física no cotidiano de suas práticas pedagógicas na escola. O caminho metodológico adotado seguiu os pressupostos da abordagem qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso. O campo de estudo foi uma escola pública de Santa Maria, RS, tendo as informações coletadas por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com três professores de Educação Física do ensino fundamental. Para analisar as informações coletadas, foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo. Concluímos que os principais desafios encontrados são a falta de espaço físico e material, a desvalorização da Educação Física, a falta de união e companheirismo entre os professores, os baixos salários, as limitações quanto à maneira de o professor desenvolver suas aulas, a indisciplina e violência entre os alunos e as dificuldades de não disporem de tempo para refletir e trocar experiências.

Palavras-chave: Educação Física. Desafios. Prática pedagógica.
THE LINK BETWEEN EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND DIGITAL PATTERN / O elo entre gerenciamento de resultado e padrão digital
Authors: Ferrero Jennifer Martínez , Ballesteros Beatriz Cuadrado , Milani Filho Marco Antonio Figueiredo
Published: August 2015

According to Dechow and Dichev (2002) and Lin and Wu (2014), a high degree of earnings management (EM) is associated with a poor quality of information. In this sense, it is possible to assume that the financial data of companies that manage earnings can present different patterns from those with low degree of EM. The aim of this exploratory study is to test whether a financial data set (operating expenses) of companies with high degree of EM presents bias. For this analysis, we used the model of Kothari and the modified model of Jones (“Dechow model” hereafter) to estimate the degree of EM, and we used the logarithmic distribution of data predicted by the Benford’s Law to detect abnormal patterns of digits in number sets. The sample was composed of 845 international listed non-financial companies for the year 2010. To analyze the discrepancies between the actual and expected frequencies of the significant-digit, two statistics were calculated: Z-test and Pearson’s chi-square test. The results show that, with a confidence level of 90%, the companies with a high degree of EM according to the Kothari model presented similar distribution to that one predicted by the Benford’s Law, suggesting that, in a preliminary analysis, their financial data are free from bias. On the other hand, the data set of the organizations that manage earnings according to the Dechow model presented abnormal patterns. The Benford´s Law has been implemented to successfully detect manipulated data. These results offer insights into the interactions between EM and patterns of financial data, and stimulate new comparative studies about the accuracy of models to estimate EM.

Keywords: Earnings management (EM). Financial Reporting Quality (FRQ). Benford’s Law.
Melatonin mitigates cadmium phytotoxicity through modulation of phytochelatins biosynthesis, vacuolar sequestration, and antioxidant potential in Solanum lycopersicum L
Authors: Hasan Md. Kamrul , Ahammed Golam Jalal , Yin Lingling , Shi Kai , Xia Xiaojian , Zhou Yanhong , Yu Jingquan , Zhou Jie
Published: August 2015

Melatonin is a ubiquitous signal molecule, playing crucial roles in plant growth and stress tolerance. Recently, toxic metal cadmium (Cd) has been reported to regulate melatonin content in rice; however, the function of melatonin under Cd stress, particularly in higher plants, still remains elusive. Here, we show that optimal dose of melatonin could effectively ameliorate Cd-induced phytotoxicity in tomato. The contents of Cd and melatonin were gradually increased over time under Cd stress. However, such increase in endogenous melatonin was incapable to reverse detrimental effects of Cd. Meanwhile, supplementation with melatonin conferred Cd tolerance as evident by plant biomass and photosynthesis. In addition to notable increase in antioxidant enzymes activity, melatonin-induced Cd stress mitigation was closely associated with enhanced H+-ATPase activity and the contents of glutathione and phytochelatins. Although exogenous melatonin had no effect on root Cd content, it significantly reduced leaf Cd content, indicating its role in Cd transport. Analysis of Cd in different subcellular compartments revealed that melatonin increased cell wall and vacuolar fractions of Cd. Our results suggest that melatonin-induced enhancements in antioxidant potential, phytochelatins biosynthesis and subsequent Cd sequestration might play a critical role in plant tolerance to Cd. Such a mechanism may have potential implication in safe food production.
Synthesis of Cascadable DDCC-Based Universal Filter Using NAM
Authors: Tran Huu-Duy , Wang Hung-Yu , Lin Min-Chuan , Nguyen Quoc-Minh
Published: August 2015

A novel systematic approach for synthesizing DDCC-based voltage-mode biquadratic universal filters is proposed. The DDCCs are described by infinity-variables’ models of nullor-mirror elements which can be used in the nodal admittance matrix expansion process. Applying the proposed method, the obtained 12 equivalent filters offer the following features: multi-input and two outputs, realization of all five standard filter functions, namely lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch and allpass, high-input impedance, employing only grounded capacitors and resistors, orthogonal controllability between pole frequency and quality factor, and cascadable, low active and passive sensitivities. The workability of some synthesized filters is verified by HSPICE simulations to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Synthesis, Characterization and Shape-Dependent Catalytic CO Oxidation Performance of Ruthenium Oxide Nanomaterials: Influence of Polymer Surfactant
Authors: Ananth Antony , Gregory Duncan , Mok Young
Published: August 2015

Ruthenium oxide nano-catalysts supported on mesoporous γ-Al2O3 have been prepared by co-precipitation method and tested for CO oxidation. The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the properties of the catalyst was studied. Addition of the PEG surfactant acted as a stabilizer and induced a change in the morphology of ruthenium oxide from spherical nanoparticles to one-dimensional nanorods. Total CO conversion was measured as a function of morphology at 175 °C and 200 °C with 1.0 wt.% loading for PEG-stabilized and un-stabilized catalysts, respectively. Conversion routinely increased with temperature but in each case, the PEG-stabilized catalyst exhibited a notably higher catalytic activity as compared to the un-stabilized equivalent. It can be assumed that the increase in the activity is due to the changes in porosity, shape and dispersion of the catalyst engendered by the use of PEG.
Does HDR Pre-Processing Improve the Accuracy of 3D Models Obtained by Means of two Conventional SfM-MVS Software Packages? The Case of the Corral del Veleta Rock Glacier
Authors: Gómez-Gutiérrez Álvaro , De Sanjosé-Blasco José , Lozano-Parra Javier , Berenguer-Sempere Fernando , De Matías-Bejarano Javier
Published: August 2015

The accuracy of different workflows using Structure-from-Motion and Multi-View-Stereo techniques (SfM-MVS) is tested. Twelve point clouds of the Corral del Veleta rock glacier, in Spain, were produced with two different software packages (123D Catch and Agisoft Photoscan), using Low Dynamic Range images and High Dynamic Range compositions (HDR) for three different years (2011, 2012 and 2014). The accuracy of the resulting point clouds was assessed using benchmark models acquired every year with a Terrestrial Laser Scanner. Three parameters were used to estimate the accuracy of each point cloud: the RMSE, the Cloud-to-Cloud distance (C2C) and the Multiscale-Model-to-Model comparison (M3C2). The M3C2 mean error ranged from 0.084 m (standard deviation of 0.403 m) to 1.451 m (standard deviation of 1.625 m). Agisoft Photoscan overcome 123D Catch, producing more accurate and denser point clouds in 11 out 12 cases, being this work, the first available comparison between both software packages in the literature. No significant improvement was observed using HDR pre-processing. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the geometrical accuracy of 3D models obtained using LDR and HDR compositions are compared. These findings may be of interest for researchers who wish to estimate geomorphic changes using SfM-MVS approaches.
At the Semantics / Pragmatics Interface in Child Language
Authors: Gualmini Andrea , Crain Stephen , Meroni Luisa , Chierchia Gennaro , Guasti Maria Teresa
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Distributivity in an Event Semantics
Authors: Oh Sei-Rang
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Tense, Attitudes and Subjects
Authors: Giorgi Alessandra , Pianesi Fabio
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
A Cross-Linguistic Perspective on the Expression of Manner
Authors: Arregui Ana , Matthewson Lisa
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
UNTIL, Aspect, and Negation: A Novel Argument for Two "Until"s
Authors: Giannakidou Anastasia
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Bare Singular Reference to Kinds
Authors: Doron Edit
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
The Telicity Parameter Revisited
Authors: Filip Hana
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
An Analysis of Existential Anankastics: How to Get There from Here
Authors: Werner Tom
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Strict Identity, Coherence, and Parallelism in VP Ellipsis
Authors: Kim Christina , Runner Jeffrey T.
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Contrastive salient alternatives: Focus on bound pronouns
Authors: Mayr Clemens
Published: August 2015

The presence of contrastive focus on pronouns interpreted as bound variables is puzzling because such variables do not refer. Therefore it is unclear how two bound variables can be made to contrast with each other. It is argued that previous approaches to this puzzle face an empirical problem. The account offered is based on the idea that the alternatives introduced by focused bound pronouns denote individuals. Introducing the novel concept of salient alternatives, it is shown that this allows one to get bound pronouns to contrast. Furthermore a modification of Rooth’s 1992 ?-operator is suggested: Contrastiveness is a requirement of the operator, which is modelled as a definedness condition.
Crossing the appositive / at-issue meaning boundary
Authors: AnderBois Scott , Brasoveanu Adrian , Henderson Robert
Published: August 2015

Our goal is to provide systematic evidence from anaphora, presupposition and ellipsis that appositive meaning and at-issue meaning, e.g. as contributed by the relative appositive and the main clause in John, who nearly killed a woman with his car, visited HER in the hospital, have to be integrated into a single, incrementally evolving semantic representation. While previous literature has provided partial arguments to this effect (Nouwen 2007 for anaphora, Amaral et al 2007 and Potts 2009 for both anaphora and presupposition), the systematic nature of this evidence – in particular, the evidence from ellipsis we will introduce – has been previously unnoticed. We propose an analysis of these phenomena that integrates the dynamic account of anaphora and ellipsis as discourse reference to individuals and properties (respectively) with an account of at-issue meaning as a proposed update of the input Context Set (CS) that is to be negotiated and of appositive meaning as an actual / imposed update of the CS that is not up for negotiation.
Deriving full repetition in Blackfoot with additive focus
Authors: Louie Meagan
Published: August 2015

I argue that Blackfoot’s method of marking repetition, mattsista’- consists of two morphemes, matt- and ista’-. While both encode an additional event, matt-’s event is restricted only to being a focus alternative to the asserted event, leaving predicate identity and temporal precedence to be encoded by ista’-. I propose that ista’-’s event variable requires a linguistically encoded antecedent which matt-’s event acts as, deriving the fact that mattsista’- has a focus-sensitive interpretation.
Front matter
Authors: Li Nan , Lutz David
Published: August 2015

Proceedings of the 20th Semantics and Linguistic Theory Conference, April 29 - May 1, 2010 in Vancouver, British Colombia.
Internal past, external past, and counterfactuality: evidence from Japanese
Authors: Komoto Naoko
Published: August 2015

This paper argues that there are two different types of counterfactuality, which are overtly represented in Japanese by adding the past either to the main verb or to the modal. In one pattern where the modal takes scope over the past, the counterfactuality cannot be canceled. Along the lines of Iatridou’s (2000) and Ogihara’s (2008) analyses, I propose that the past is a modal past and it directly indicates the counterfactuality. In another pattern where the past takes scope over the modal, the counterfactuality can be canceled. Appealing to the ideas provided in Condoravdi 2002 and Ippolito 2003, 2006, I suggest that the past is temporal and it expresses that there was a past time when the proposition could still be true. The accessibility relation is de?ned in the past. The counterfactuality is obtained by the conversational implicature.
Conditional inversion and GIVENNESS
Authors: Biezma Maria
Published: August 2015

This paper provides support for the claim that non-canonical word-order adds “extra meaning” to natural language utterances (Prince). In particular, it tells us about the informational status of the constituents. The case study in this paper is subject-auxiliary inversion in conditional antecedents. I argue that subject-auxiliary inversion in conditional antecedents indicate that the antecedent is GIVEN (Schwarzschild 1999). This proposal explain further pragmatic inferences such as why inverted conditionals are particularly good as reproaches.
Front matter
Authors: Ashton Neil , Chereches Anca , Lutz David
Published: August 2015

Proceedings of the 21st Semantics and Linguistic Theory Conference, held at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, May 20 - May 22, 2011.
Generalised quantifiers and the semantics of the same
Authors: Zuber Richard
Published: August 2015

The notions of the nominative case extension of a type <1> quantifier and of the dual of type <1> quantifier are used to present the semantics of various, structurally different, expressions containing the same
Indefinites in Comparatives
Authors: Aloni Maria Daria , Roelofsen Floris
Published: August 2015

The goal of this paper is to explain the meaning and distribution of indefinites in comparatives, focusing on the case of English 'some' and 'any' and German 'irgend'-indefinites. We combine three competing theories of comparatives with an alternative semantics of 'some' and 'any', and a novel account of stressed 'irgend'-indefinites. One of the resulting theories, based on Heim's (2006) analysis of comparatives, predicts all the relevant differences in quantificational force, and explains why free choice indefinites are licensed in comparatives.
On The Analysis of Scope Ambiguities in Comparative Constructions: Converging Evidence from Real-Time Sentence Processing and Offline Data
Authors: Breakstone Micha Yochanan , Cremers Alexandre , Fox Danny , Hackl Martin
Published: August 2015

This paper compares two accounts of an ambiguity that arises when a comparative phrase containing an exactly differential is embedded under an intensional operator (Heim 2000). Under one account, the comparative phrase is responsible for the ambiguity (the er-scope theory), and, under the other, the ambiguity is attributed to the exactly phrase (the exactly-scope theory). We present converging evidence from the distribution of de re and de dicto readings and real time sentence processing that supports the er-scope theory. Since the er-scope theory presupposes a quantiﬁcational analysis of the comparative, such an analysis is ipso facto supported by our results.
The problem of counterfactual de re attitudes
Authors: Yanovich Igor
Published: August 2015

The problem of counterfactual attitudes de re was identified by Ninan (2008) as a challenge for standard theories of de re. I show that once counterfactual non-de re attitudes are properly analyzed, trivial composition of such an analysis for them with the analysis of doxastic de re provides the solution to the problem. Thus there is no independent phenomenon of counterfactual attitudes de re, and therefore no problem as such.
Perspective shifts of Korean evidentials and the effect of contexts
Authors: Lim Dongsik , Lee Chungmin
Published: August 2015

In this paper we identify two types of the evidential perspective shifts (the evidence holder indicated by an evidential marker is different from the utterance of the sentence containing that evidential marker) in Korean, the shift in interrogatives and the shift in declaratives, and explain these two shifts by proposing specific lexical entries for Korean evidential markers without any significant revision of the existing theory of interrogatives or indexicals. We also discuss an implication of our proposal, especially with respect to the interaction between our lexical entry for the Korean direct evidential marker and the Korean long-distance anaphor caki.
Quantificational and modal interveners in degree constructions
Authors: Lassiter Daniel
Published: August 2015

Heim (2001) points out that the relational semantics for degrees predicts ambiguities in sentences with comparatives and quantifiers such as _every girl_ that are not observed. She also notes that the same ambiguities do appear with strong modals such as _must_ and _have to_, but not with weaker modals such as _should_, _ought_, and _want_. The problem is to explain why these classes of expressions would behave differently, given that they are all standardly treated as universal quantifiers. I present several counter-examples to Heim's account of this data and then argue that the puzzle involving universal DPs is the same as the puzzle of weak islands in amount wh-expressions, and that it yields to the analysis of weak islands due to Szabolcsi & Zwarts (1993), who argue that degree expressions are restricted in their interaction with the semantic operations meet. This accounts for universal DPs but leaves to be explained the possibility of modal intervention with strong modals. I argue that the split between universal DPs and strong modals supports recent work proposing that modals are not quantifiers over worlds but scalar expressions. An independently motivated scalar semantics for strong modals generates the ambiguity in a way that is compatible with Szabolcsi & Zwarts' theory, and that the predicted truth-conditions are correct for both readings with strong modals. The corresponding account of mid-strength modals explains their lack of ambiguity as merely apparent, due to the fact that the truth-conditions of the two readings are virtually indistinguishable, and neither embodies the missing reading that the quantificational theory leads us to look for. These results support both the scalar semantics for modality and Szabolcsi & Zwarts' semantic approach to intervention constraints.
Context, scale structure, and statistics in the interpretation of positive-form adjectives
Authors: Lassiter Daniel , Goodman Noah D.
Published: August 2015

Relative adjectives in the positive form exhibit vagueness and context-sensitivity. We suggest that these phenomena can be explained by the interaction of a free threshold variable in the meaning of the positive form with a probabilistic model of pragmatic inference. We describe a formal model of utterance interpretation as coordination, which jointly infers the value of the threshold variable and the intended meaning of the sentence. We report simulations exploring the effect of background statistical knowledge on adjective interpretation in this model. Motivated by these simulation results, we suggest that this approach can account for the correlation between scale structure and the relative/absolute distinction while also allowing for exceptions noted in previous work. Finally, we argue for a probabilistic explanation of why the sorites paradox is compelling with relative adjectives even though the second premise is false on a universal interpretation, and show that this account predicts Kennedy’s (2007) observation that the sorites paradox is more compelling with relative than with absolute adjectives.
Towards a formal semantics for interjective ‘what’
Authors: Harris Jesse A
Published: August 2015

Discourse particles and interjectives allow a speaker to signal how information presented in an utterance relates to her epistemic or emotive state. I present a semantics for one such interjective: the English particle what, providing evidence that it carries multiple discourse functions, and proposing that these distinct uses are best captured by their relation to the central discourse topic.
Adnominal Conditionals
Authors: Lasersohn Peter
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
How Clause-bounded is the Scope of Universals?
Authors: Farkas Donka F. , Giannakidou Anastasia
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Comparison and Polar Opposition
Authors: Kennedy Christopher
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Epistemic NP Modifiers
Authors: Abusch Dorit , Rooth Mats
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
On Definite Plural NP's and the Meaning of "all"
Authors: Brisson Christine
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Partitives, Reference to Kinds and Semantic Variation
Authors: Chierchia Gennaro
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Dynamic Binding and the E-Type Strategy: Evidence from Japanese
Authors: Kurafuji Takeo
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Presupposition Projection and the Interpretation of 'which'-­Questions
Authors: Rullmann Hotze , Beck Sigrid
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Acute exposure to foot orthoses affects joint stiffness characteristics in recreational male runners
Authors: Taylor P.J. , Vincent H. , Atkins S. , Sinclair J.
Published: August 2015

Commercially available foot orthoses are advocated for the treatment of chronic running injuries, such as patellofemoral pain, yet the mechanisms behind their effects are not well understood. This study aimed to examine the limb and joint stiffness characteristics when running with and without orthotics. Twelve recreational runners ran at 4.0 m/s. Limb stiffness was obtained using a spring-mass model of running by dividing the peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF) by the amount of limb compression. Knee and ankle joint stiffness’s were calculated by dividing the peak sagittal plane joint moment by the joint angular excursion. Differences between orthotic and non-orthotic running conditions were contrasted using paired samples t-tests. The results indicate that both peak knee extensor moment (orthotic = 2.74±0.57 and no-orthotic = 3.12±0.62 Nm/kg) and knee stiffness (orthotic = 5.56±1.08 and no-orthotic = 6.47±1.40 Nm/kg rad) were significantly larger when running without orthotics. This study may give further insight into the mechanical effects of commercially available foot orthoses. The current investigation provides some evidence to suggest that orthoses may be able to improve patellofemoral pathologies in recreational runners although further investigation is required.
An integrated targeted and untargeted approach for the analysis of ergot alkaloids in cereals using UHPLC – hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Arroyo-Manzanares N. , Di Mavungu J. Diana , Uka V. , Gámiz-Gracia L. , García-Campaña A.M. , De Saeger S.
Published: August 2015

An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography hybrid quadrupole – time of flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) method is described for the simultaneous quantitative determination of common ergot alkaloids and the screening, detection and identification of unexpected (less studied or novel) members of this class of toxic fungal secondary metabolites. The employed analytical strategy involves an untargeted data acquisition (consisting of full scan TOF MS survey and information dependent acquisition MS/MS scans) and the processing of data using both targeted and untargeted approaches. Method performance characteristics for the quantitative analysis of 6 common ergot alkaloids i.e. ergometrine, ergosine, ergotamine, ergocornine, ergocristine, ergokryptine and their corresponding epimers in rye were comparable to those previously reported for triple-quadrupole (QqQ) MS/MS. The method limits of quantification (LOQ) were in the range from 3 to 19 μg/kg, and good linearity was observed for the different ergot alkaloids in the range from LOQ to 1000 μg/kg. Furthermore, the method demonstrated good precision (relative standard deviations at 50 μg/kg not higher than 14.6 and 16.2% for the intra-day and inter-day precision, respectively), and the trueness values at different concentration levels were all between 89 and 115%. The method was applied for the analysis of a set of 17 rye samples and demonstrated the presence of these ergot alkaloids in the range from <LOQ to 2,811 μg/kg. Further mining of the same data based on a ‘non-targeted peak finding’ algorithm and the use of full MS and MS/MS accurate mass data allowed the detection and identification of 19 ergot alkaloids that are commonly not included in most analytical methods using QqQ instruments. Some of these alkaloids are reported for the first time in naturally contaminated samples.
IL-17A Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis by Triggering Proinflammatory Cytokines and Angiogenic Growth Factors
Authors: Ahn Soo Hyun , Edwards Andrew K. , Singh Sukhbir S. , Young Steven L. , Lessey Bruce A. , Tayade Chandrakant
Published: August 2015

Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue in aberrant locations outside the uterus. Neoangiogenesis or establishment of new blood supply is one of the fundamental requirements of endometriotic lesion survival in the peritoneal cavity. IL-17A is emerging as a potent angiogenic and proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathophysiology of several chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. However, sparse information is available in the context of endometriosis. In this study, we demonstrate the potential importance of IL-17A in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis. The data show a differential expression of IL-17A in human ectopic endometriotic lesions and matched eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis. Importantly, surgical removal of lesions resulted in significantly reduced plasma IL-17A concentrations. Immunohistochemistry revealed localization of IL-17A primarily in the stroma of matched ectopic and eutopic tissue samples. In vitro stimulation of endometrial epithelial carcinoma cells, Ishikawa cells, and HUVECs with IL-17A revealed significant increase in angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor and IL-8), proinflammatory (IL-6 and IL-1β), and chemotactic cytokines (G-CSF, CXCL12, CXCL1, and CX3CL1). Furthermore, IL-17A promoted tubulogenesis of HUVECs plated on Matrigel in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, we provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that endometriotic lesions produce IL-17A and that the removal of the lesion via laparoscopic surgery leads to the significant reduction in the systemic levels of IL-17A. Taken together, our data show a likely important role of IL-17A in promoting angiogenesis and proinflammatory environment in the peritoneal cavity for the establishment and maintenance of endometriosis lesions.
Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions in Children Attending the Department of Pediatrics in a Tertiary Care Center: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Digra Kishour Kumar , Pandita Aakash , Saini G. S. , Bharti Rajni
Published: August 2015

AIM

To study the pattern of various adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurring in children attending the Department of Pediatrics, SMGS Hospital, Jammu over 1 year.

Subjects and Methods

This was a prospective study, with study population of patients attending Department of Pediatrics over a period of 1 year. A structured format was used to enroll the participants. A pilot study was conducted to test the suitability of the format and feasibility of the study. The study was carried out to review various pattern of ADRs by using the Naranjo probability scale, and severity was assessed by using the Hartwig severity scale. ADRs were classified according to the classification used by the Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center, Central Drugs Standard Control Organization, New Delhi, India.

Results

In the present study, 104 patients were found to have developed acute drug reactions. Among these, 83.6% were type B, 14.42% type A, and 1.92% were type U. Furthermore, 25.96% ADRs were due to anticonvulsants, followed by antibiotics (22.11%), antipyretics (11.53%), vaccination (8.65%), steroids (6.73%), decongestants (5.67%), snake antivenom and antiemetics (3.84%), and fluids, insulin, and antacids (1.92%). The patients’ dermatological system was involved in 67.30%, followed by the central nervous system (CNS) in 11.53% patients. Renal system was involved in 6.73% patients. Cardiac, musculoskeletal, metabolic, and other systems were involved in 4.80%, 3.84%, 2.88%, and 0.96%, respectively. According to the Hartwig severity scale of ADRs, 64.4% patients had moderate ADRs, 29.8% patients had severe ADRs, and 5.76% had mild ADRs. In the present study, 64.4% patients expressed moderate severity, whereas 29.8% expressed high severity and 5.76% expressed mild ADRs.

Conclusion

ADRs were seen in 71% of the patients between 1 and 5 years of age, 26% in the age group of 5–10 years, and 3% were more than 10 years old. Anticonvulsants (25.96%) and antibiotics (22.11%) were responsible for majority of ADRs. Rash (55.76%) was the most common presentation of ADR. Owing to the high number of ADRs, the present study points to the need for rigid adverse drug monitoring among pediatric patients to ensure the safety of drug therapy.