bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodology of building relationships with customers in the area of transport services
Authors: Klieštik Tomáš , Salamakhina Ekaterina , Zhuravleva Natalia
Published: October 2022

The current focusing of market on customer comfort wdemands that service providers orienconstantly modernize their structures and methods of operation. Due to the progressive digitization of various areas of business activity it is necessary to know and regularly implement up-to-date technological aids available to maintain competitiveness and build long-term relationships with the client. Delivering products to the point of consumption is an extremely important element in the supply chain and transport companies play the role of both intermediaries and service providers.
This article is a framework proposal of a methodological solution for entities dealing with transport services in terms of building long-term relationships with the client with the help of modern technologies and methodologies. The findings show strategies and systems with which transport companies can strive to build a competitive offer in the logistics chain. A process portal was proposed as the target solution as an internet base of the transport offer using big data as a means to optimize the service. The study was devoted to analysing multi-criteria decision-making methods with a view to using solutions in the process of developing methodologies for building customer relations in the field of transport services.
Assessment of the effect of passenger car wheel unbalance on driving comfort
Authors: Hryciów Zdzisław , Wiśniewski Andrzej , Rybak Piotr , Tarnożek Tomasz
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the results of experimental investigations of the effects of car wheel unbalance on driving safety and comfort. Basic information about types of wheel unbalance, their causes, and effects are included. The test subject was a BMW 3 Series car with rear-wheel drive. A specific unbalance was introduced on the front steered wheels. The vehicle was driven in a straight line on an asphalt road in good condition at speeds between 70 km/h and 140 km/h. During the test runs, acceleration waveforms were recorded from sensors placed on the lower control arm, driver's seat, and steering wheel. The vibration level of the unbalanced wheel increases with the driving speed and with the increase in unbalance. The highest increase in vibration amplitude occurred on the steering wheel at speeds between 100 km/h and 120 km/h. These vibrations have a direct effect on the driver. This is evidenced by negative driver perceptions such as fatigue and driving discomfort. This was also confirmed by the calculated vibration exposure levels. Driving with unbalanced wheels accelerates wear on the tyres, steering, drive, and suspension components of the vehicle.
The Countryside Scenery Reflected in We Both Live in The Same Village by Rabindranath Tagore
Authors: Respatio Christine Resnitriwati
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor the people who live in a big, crowded city, visiting a countryside or village is something that would make them feel happy. In countryside, it has always beautiful and natural scenery, peaceful atmosphere, cool and clean air and humble, simple lives of villagers.  People can walk and ride a horse to go around the objects in a village, for examples flowers and fruits gardens or barley and rice fields.  People can swim and bathe in the river, do the activities in the village market with their neighbors and enjoy the harvest season for mango or linseed.  The beauty in a village was expressed by Rabindranath Tagore in his poem We Both Live In the Same Village and the writer will analyze that poem through intrinsic elements (imagery, personification and repetition) to understand deeper about the sense of the poem, and extrinsic elements to understand the situation and the characteristic of a country side.Keywords: countryside, flowers, fruits, river, fields
Identifying Characters Using Transitivity: A Stylistics Study of “I Stand Here Ironing”
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: October 2022

The study is about the application of the transitivity system, one of lexico-grammar used in a Systemic Functional Grammar’s theory, to analyze a literary work “I Stand Here Ironing”. Considering that many previous researchers were interested in studying the short story from literary approach, I purpose to give an alternative perspective of tracking the characterization of the main characters using the SFG theory. The data are  the text of    “I Stand Here Ironing” by Tillie Lerner Olsen  (1961). They are analyzed using the concepts of the transitivity system and field  situation. The result shows that the author of the short story used material process more than the other processes to construct that the main characters did activities in the domestic and physical domain. The mental process is used to depict the characters’ feeling and attitude. The relational process is used to characterize the characters explicitly. Related to the socio-cultural context, the analysis comes to the conclusion that the such characterization is constructed to criticize the patriarchal domination in America in the time of publication.Keywords: transitivity system; characterization; field of discourse; feminism literature
Registers in Beauty V-Logs
Authors: Utami Ekgoan Susanti , Candria Mytha
Published: October 2022

Beauty v-log is one of popular v-logs on YouTube. It also provides many registers but none of the other researchers conduct research on beauty v-logs registers. Thus, I attempt to discover and to explain the registers in beauty v-logs and the semantic change of registers in the beauty v-logs. There are three beauty v-loggers who were analyzed, namely Wayne Goss, Tati, and Angie HotandFlashy. They are native speaker of English. The beauty v-logs are audio-video formats which were uploaded in 2019. To collect the data, I used a non-participatory observation method and a note taking method. To analyze the data, I used a referential method. The result shows that there are fourteen registers have undergone semantic change which can be classified into three namely, metaphor, specialization, and generalization. Semantic change which mostly occurs metaphor because the meanings of the beauty v-logs registers transfer from different domains onto beauty domain.Keywords: registers; beauty v-log; beauty vlogger; semantic change
Optimization and Analysis of a Low-Pressure Water Scrubbing Biogas Upgrading System via the Taguchi and Response Surface Methodology Approaches
Authors: Mugagga Gad Reuben , Omosa Isaiah Bosire , Thoruwa Thomas
Published: October 2022

Biogas upgrading is essential in order to increase the calorific value and improve the quality of raw biogas. This present study aims at investigating the optimum performance of a near atmospheric pressure water scrubbing (NAPWS) system for biogas upgrading while using both the adsorption and absorption techniques. This was achieved through a two-stage process: namely, the Taguchi approach followed by the response surface methodology (RSM). The Taguchi orthogonal array design consisted of 27 runs where the raw biogas pressure (10 - 30 kPa), liquid flow rates (2.6 - 4.2 l/ min.) and variations of the steel wool height (0 - 45.72 cm) in the adsorption column were experimentally studied with respect to the methane (CH4) yield and removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2). From the experiments, the removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide was greater than 87% with the average bio-methane content of 77.67%. During the second-stage, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the RSM were undertaken for optimization of the process parameters. The optimum bio-methane concentration of 84.71 (%v/v) CH4 and 13.31 (%v/v) CO2 was attained at gas pressure of 14kPa, liquid flow rate of 4.2 l/min., and steel wool height at 22.86cm obtained through numerical optimization. These results revealed that the utilization of the Taguchi and the RSM yielded to the best optimal system performance with the liquid flow rate as the most significant factor
Taylor’s series expansions for real powers of two functions containing squares of inverse cosine function, closed-form formula for specific partial Bell polynomials, and series representations for real powers of Pi
Authors: Qi Feng
Published: October 2022

In this article, by virtue of expansions of two finite products of finitely many square sums, with the aid of series expansions of composite functions of (hyperbolic) sine and cosine functions with inverse sine and cosine functions, and in the light of properties of partial Bell polynomials, the author establishes Taylor’s series expansions of real powers of two functions containing squares of inverse (hyperbolic) cosine functions in terms of the Stirling numbers of the first kind, presents a closed-form formula of specific partial Bell polynomials at a sequence of derivatives of a function containing the square of inverse cosine function, derives several combinatorial identities involving the Stirling numbers of the first kind, demonstrates several series representations of the circular constant Pi and its real powers, recovers Maclaurin’s series expansions of positive integer powers of inverse (hyperbolic) sine functions in terms of the Stirling numbers of the first kind, and also deduces other useful, meaningful, and significant conclusions and an application to the Riemann zeta function.
Analysis and control strategy of standalone PV system with various reference frames
Authors: Roy Suchismita , Sahu Pradeep Kumar , Jena Satyaranjan
Published: October 2022

Renewable energy sources like solar power are the more convenient source of renewable energy. Nowadays, increasing the energy demand may create many disturbances in power system distribution. To overcome the necessity of power demand, all are focusing on generation of more energy from clean technologies with increased development in power distribution systems using the renewable energy sources. This work aims to propose a standalone PV system with an LCL filter, with two cascaded feedback control loops with an appropriate controller for three reference frame. This work concerns the topology for three reference frames such as synchronous, standalone, and natural reference frames with the respective controllers (PI and PR). The topology contains two cascaded feedback control loops such as DC-link voltage control loop (PI) cascaded with the internal current loop (PI and PR). These commonly used controllers are implemented in various well-known reference frames for the PV system and their steady-state performance is also evaluated in terms of total harmonic distortion. Finally, the simulation results from a two-stage 5.5 kW, 440 V (L–L), three-phase standalone PV system are provided to confirm the theoretical analysis and effectiveness of the control schemes.
Stability with mixed H
∞/passivity performance analysis of fractional-order neutral delayed Markovian jumping neural networks
Authors: Padmaja Narasimman , Balasubramaniam Pagavathi Gounder
Published: October 2022

A detailed survey of existing works on fractional-order nonlinear systems reveals the fact that practically no results exist on stability or any performance analysis of Markovian jumping fractional-order systems (FOSs) in general. The main reason is the theory of infinitesimal generator used to estimate the derivative of Lyapunov–Krasovskii Functional (LKF) is not well-developed in the fractional domain. This shortage, in theory, is focussed in this manuscript. In this work, we provide a lemma that aids in analyzing the stability of fractional-order delayed systems via integer-order derivative of LKF. Using this lemma, by constructing a new suitable LKF and employing known integral inequalities, linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based sufficient conditions that ensure stability along with H
∞/passive performance of the proposed fractional-order neural networks (FONNs) with Markovian jumping parameters are derived for the first time. Unlike the existing works, the results derived in the present study depend on the fractional order (FO) of the NNs. The importance of such order-dependent criteria is highlighted in numerical examples. Finally, the simulation results are given to show the reliability of the derived conditions.
Realized BEKK-CAW Models
Authors: Asai Manabu , So Mike K. P.
Published: October 2022

Estimating time-varying conditional covariance matrices of financial returns play important role in portfolio analysis, risk management, and financial econometrics research. The availability of high-frequency financial data can provide an additional data source for dynamic covariance modeling. In this paper, we propose to use the information of asset return vector and realized covariance measures simultaneously to develop a new conditional covariance matrix model. We derive the stationary condition of the new model. We use the normal and Wishart distributions to construct the quasi-log-likelihood function. We also consider the variance targeting (VT) method, which plugs in the weighted average of the sample covariance matrix of returns and the sample mean of realized covariance measure for the unconditional covariance matrix, in order to maximize the quasi-log-likelihood function. We show the consistency and asymptotic normality of the quasi-maximum likelihood (QML) and VT estimators. We investigate the finite sample property of these estimators via Monte Carlo experiments. The empirical example for the bivariate data of the Nikkei 225 index and its futures indicates that the first-step VT estimation could have non-negligible effects on the standard errors of the second-step VT estimates.
Spectra and reticulation of semihoops
Authors: Tang Yu Jie , Xin Xiao Long , Zhou Xin
Published: October 2022

In this article, we further study the filter theory of semihoops. Moreover, we use the prime (maximal) filters to construct the prime (maximal) spectrum on semihoops, and prove that the prime spectrum is a compact

T

0

{T}_{0}

topological space and that the maximal spectrum is a compact

T

2

{T}_{2}

topological space. As an application, in order to study the relationship between the spectrum of semihoops and the spectrum of lattices, we introduce the reticulations of semihoops and obtain some related results.
The curious case of Neuropathic Pain and its management: An overview
Authors: Ara Irfat , Maqbool Mudasir
Published: October 2022

Neuropathic pain is a condition that occurs as a result of neural system damage or lesions. It could be peripheral or central neuropathic pain, depending on the location of the damage. Diabetes, spinal cord injury, numerous infections, cancer, and autoimmune illnesses are all potential causes of this condition. According to estimates, chronic pain has a prevalence rate of roughly 3% -17% worldwide. In most cases, neuropathic pain is stated to be “idiopathic” in origin, which means that its specific etiology is unknown; hence, pharmaceutical care of this condition is limited to treating its symptoms. The medications used to treat neuropathic pain fall into three categories: tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentinoids, and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Anticonvulsants, opioids, and topical medications are examples of different types of medications. Strong opioids, neurotoxins, and surgical alternatives are also used in treatment. In general, pharmacotherapy is frequently accompanied with accompanied with high doses, which results in a number of side effects. These medications are typically delivered orally, and drug absorption in systemic circulation leads to dispersion throughout the body, resulting in high peripheral circulation and concomitant side effects. Enzymatic degradation reduces bioavailability, while hepatic metabolism converts medicines to inactive metabolites. In such circumstances, an adequate amount of drug is unable to reach the brain due to the blood brain barrier, which hinders drug molecule permeability.
How Does Literacy Affect Speech Processing? Not by Enhancing Cortical Responses to Speech, But by Promoting Connectivity of Acoustic-Phonetic and Graphomotor Cortices
Authors: Hervais-Adelman Alexis , Kumar Uttam , Mishra Ramesh K. , Tripathi Vivek A. , Guleria Anupam , Singh Jay P. , Huettig Falk
Published: October 2022

Previous research suggests that literacy, specifically learning alphabetic letter-to-phoneme mappings, modifies online speech processing and enhances brain responses, as indexed by the BOLD, to speech in auditory areas associated with phonological processing (Dehaene et al., 2010). However, alphabets are not the only orthographic systems in use in the world, and hundreds of millions of individuals speak languages that are not written using alphabets. In order to make claims that literacy per se has broad and general consequences for brain responses to speech, one must seek confirmatory evidence from nonalphabetic literacy. To this end, we conducted a longitudinal fMRI study in India probing the effect of literacy in Devanagari, an abubgida, on functional connectivity and cerebral responses to speech in 91 variously literate Hindi-speaking male and female human participants. Twenty-two completely illiterate participants underwent 6 months of reading and writing training. Devanagari literacy increases functional connectivity between acoustic-phonetic and graphomotor brain areas, but we find no evidence that literacy changes brain responses to speech, either in cross-sectional or longitudinal analyses. These findings shows that a dramatic reconfiguration of the neurofunctional substrates of online speech processing may not be a universal result of learning to read, and suggest that the influence of writing on speech processing should also be investigated.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is widely claimed that a consequence of being able to read is enhanced auditory processing of speech, reflected by increased cortical responses in areas associated with phonological processing. Here we find no relationship between literacy and the magnitude of brain response to speech stimuli in individuals who speak Hindi, which is written using a nonalphabetic script, Devanagari, an abugida. We propose that the exact nature of the script under examination must be considered before making sweeping claims about the consequences of literacy for the brain. Further, we find evidence that literacy enhances functional connectivity between auditory processing areas and graphomotor areas, suggesting a mechanism whereby learning to write might influence speech perception.
Refashioning Femininity in Colonial Korea
Authors: Kim Daniel
Published: October 2022

This article looks at the activism of Kang Hyang-nan and other feminists with the Rose of Sharon Alliance (Kŭnuhoe) during the 1920s in colonial Korea, tracing how Kang and her colleagues used short hair as a symbol of feminist resistance. While the bobbed cut and women’s rebellion against traditional hairstyles became subject of public debate, Kang and others were able to destabilize views about the “naturalness” of female inferiority in Korea. These activists capitalized on the debates over the meanings and propriety of women’s hairstyles not only to challenge traditional gender roles, but also to suggest the constructed nature of gender itself. However, these feminist meanings of short hair for Kang and others became overshadowed by other images by the 1930s, which foregrounded the short-haired woman as an emblem of modernity, consumerism, and female sensuality.
Artificial Control Against Unstable Flow in Submerged Jump Below Single or Multiple Gates
Authors:   College of Science and Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Nihon University, Japan, Yasuda Youichi , Narazaki Shintarou ,   Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Nihon University, Japan
Published: October 2022

For the formation of submerged hydraulic jump with a large submergence, a high velocity flow below a sluice gate is located near the bottom. When the main flow lifts to the water surface from the channel bottom, in some cases, the main flow is periodically deflected. In this case, it might be difficult for swimming fishes to migrate upstream through the hydraulic structure, even if the fish passage is installed at the downstream of the structure. Therefore, there is a need to the periodically deflected flow must be changed to a stabilized flow. In this study, the installation of baffle blocks with asymmetrical length at the downstream of sluice gates was proposed in order to disappear a periodically deflected flow in submerged hydraulic jump. The experiments yield that the periodically deflected flow can be disappeared. The artificially controlled flow has been confirmed by time averaged velocity and the velocity with time series.
Bench-Scale Investigation of Treatment Technologies for Flowback Fluids from Shale Gas Fracturing
Authors:   Department of Environmental Science, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada, Fort Roger Saint , Kaur Avneet ,   Department of Environmental Science, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the results of the investigation of flowback fluids treatment from shale gas fracturing by bed sorption, reverse osmosis, and electrocoagulation. It was found that the bed sorption experiment with 1:3 ratio of vermiculite:zeolite was effective at improving the quality of the flowback fluid sample with an overall reduction in Na+ level of 7.50%, EC of 2.40%, and Cl- of 1.31%. The two membrane in series configuration combined with the ClO2 pretreatment achieved a 92 % salt rejection concurrent with a 93 and 90% of Cl- and Na+ reduction in the permeate. For the flowback sample containing guar in the matrix, electrocoagulation operated in batch mode yielded decrease in turbidity ranging from 43 to 98%, TSS from 54 to 86%, and COD from 61 to 76%. Management options and priority risk index for disposal options were also ascertained.
http://www.academicstar.us/issueshow.asp?daid=4008
Authors:   Escuela Superior de Artes Visuales (ESAV), Mexico, Cuanalo Jaime Miguel Jiménez , Beltrán Salvador León , Flores Martha Judith Soto ,   Escuela Superior de Artes Visuales (ESAV), Mexico,   Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México-Tijuana (IBERO), Mexico
Published: October 2022

From the start of this century there has been a proliferation not only in the study of neurosciences and the physiology of perception/emotion, but also in its dissemination. This has resulted in countless programs, courses, etc., that pretend to help the designer, be it architectural, advertising, product, packaging or others (Ulrich, R. S. 1999) to appropriately impact the experience of the end user; tendencies such as biophilia, neuromarketing, user centered design, the influence of color in a space (Aseel AL-Ayash, Robert T. Kane, Dianne Smith, Paul Green-Armytage, 2016), or the impact on behavior and the brain when observing works of art (Kendall J. Eskine, Natalie A. Kacinik, Jesse J. Prinz, 2012), are intended to give us answers based on the neurology and physiology of perception/emotion. Nevertheless, it is hard to separate science from pseudoscience, and even to organize into a useful model the copious scientific information available. The objective is to present a theoretical model that incorporates and synthesizes the state of knowledge in this field, to facilitate its application in the diverse art and design disciplines; this will help both the creator-artist to have a better understanding of their process and comprehension of their work, as well as the designer, to be able to predict the impact their projects will have upon the audience they are directed towards. We are talking from photographers and painters, to architects and illustrators, etc. The methodology consists mainly in the exegesis — and organization of the material resulting thereof — of basic text on this field. In this talk, we present the Theory of Emotive Reactions model, that has been developing in Tijuana since the beginning of this century, we give a shallow explanation of its scientific foundations, we point out its correlation with the state of knowledge and we present the basic principles for its application in the diverse artistic and design disciplines.
Analysis of Solid Waste Management in Dental Clinics Located in Rio Grande Do Sul
Authors:   Federal University of Pampa, Brazil, Santos Elisangela Demetria Silva dos , Barata Ana Julia Teixeira Senna Sarmento , Alves Ricardo Ribeiro
Published: October 2022

One of the main challenges that involve the environmental sanitation problem is proper solid waste management. Several aspects relative to the production and management of the different types of waste produced in dental offices have a negative impact on humans and on the environment. In light of this, the present paper sought to evaluate the volume of waste generated by three facilities of a network of dental clinics. Through a qualitative approach, a questionnaire was drawn up with open questions to be answered by three dental clinics. The questionnaires were collected in the month of October 2020, and the respondents were collaborators of three companies based in the cities of Marau, Dom Pedritoand São Gabriel, located in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. In the sequence, after getting all necessary information, the following steps were taken: the transcription of the answers, a descriptive analysis of collected data and the interpretation of the results. It was ascertained that in all dental clinics investigated, the collection and disposal procedures are similar. It was concluded that among the waste generated by the facilities, the one that requires the most care is general waste, like paper, cardboard boxes, plastic wrap, due to the amount discarded and the lack of a management plan for recycling this type of waste, seeing that there is no selective collection in most municipalities.
The Interpolation of Data as a Tool to Reduce the Timing of Detection of Microclimatic Parameters: Application of the Method in the Field
Authors:   Ce.S.N.I.R. srl, Milan, Italy, Gambino Gianluca , Merlino Alessandro , Quadrio Gabriele , Meda Daniele
Published: October 2022

Measurements on physical quantities related with microclimate assessments take a great amount of time due to the long adaptation time of the probes. Interpolation techniques can be useful to reduce the total evaluation time, thanks to the ability to predict the final measured values, starting from the values read during the first 10-12 minutes of the adaptation process.
Growth Performance of Life (Trichomycterus punctulatus) Raised in an Intensive Recirculating Aquaculture System
Authors:   Fisheries and Zoology Academic Department, Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Peru, Juan López Cubas Segundo , V. Lora Vargas María ,   Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Peru, Toro Montenegro Dreime
Published: October 2022

This research was conducted to assess the effect of stocking density on the growth performance of Life (Trichomycterus punctulatus) reared in an intensive recirculating system. For this purpose, an increasing stimulus experimental design was carried out with a control and three treatment groups: 3.68 fish/L (control), 4 fish/L (treatment 1), 4.5 fish/L (treatment 2) and 5 fish/L (treatment 3). Experimental fish were raised in recirculating aquaculture tanks for six months and fed a commercial pellet feed of 50% protein, the first and second month, and 45 % protein the four remaining months of the experiment. Fish biometry was performed monthly, taking a sample of 15 fish from each tank. The physico-chemical parameters of the rearing water were recorded fortnightly. The results revealed that fish growth was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by stocking density, positively. The highest growth performance in terms of final body weight and length was observed at a stocking density of 5 fish/L (treatment 3): 11.81 cm and 18.6 g. The highest total production (2.75 kg), net production (91.76 kg/m3), and the best feed conversion ratio (FCR): 1.49, were also noted in treatment 3. The used recirculating system provided good water quality as the physico-chemical parameters were found to be suitable for fish growth throughout the study. Key words: aquaculture, intensive recirculating system, trychomycterus punctulatus, stocking density
The imperative to transform global food systems
Authors: Loring Philip
Published: October 2022

Never before, perhaps, has there been greater consensus that our food systems need to be radically reimagined and transformed. However, there is also much contention among those working to advance these transformations over the solutions and futures that ought to be pursued. So, while there is great opportunity to enact truly radical actions that reduce hunger, rebuild and steward biodiversity, and redress the many harms and dispossessions of colonialism and extractive development, there is also great risk that the need for rapid change will be coopted by powerful elites as a shroud for advancing technocratic agendas and gaining further control of global food systems.
Conflict escalation during neutral and biased humanitarian military interventions
Authors: Saeed Luqman
Published: October 2022

This article considers the effects of humanitarian military interventions (HMIs) on conflict in the countries in which they have been used. Theoretically, neutral HMIs, in which interveners target all violent actors, are expected to have a pacifying effect on conflict intensity by increasing the cost of violence for all parties—while biased HMIs can escalate conflict intensity, by reducing the cost of violence and so encouraging the supported parties to become more violent. The empirical results show that neutral HMIs do seem to lead to lower conflict intensity in the targeted countries, relative to other conflict-affected countries. Anti-rebels HMIs are, observed to escalate conflict both in the short and the long run, while the evidence for anti-government HMIs is mixed.
Effizienz der deutschen Sparkassen in Zeiten von Niedrigzins und digitaler Transformation
Authors: Thiem Oliver G. , Schiereck Dirk
Published: October 2022

Das Marktumfeld, in dem Sparkassen agieren, wird herausfordernder. Das Kerngeschäftsmodell gerät seit Jahren unter Druck, und die Institute lavieren zwischen Ertragserosion und Kostendruck. Der effiziente Einsatz von Produktionsfaktoren im Rahmen der bankbetrieblichen Leistungserstellung gewinnt vor diesem Hintergrund mehr an Bedeutung, denn Effizienz ist eine zentrale Voraussetzung für betriebswirtschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit. Sparkassen sind eng mit dezentralen Wirtschaftskreisläufen verflochten und damit kann die regionale Beschaffenheit von Geschäftsgebieten einen Einfluss auf die Effizienz der Institute haben. Im Fokus dieser Studie liegt die Entwicklung der produktionsökonomischen Effizienz aller öffentlich-rechtlichen Sparkassen im Zeitraum 2009 – 2018. Zusätzlich wird der Einfluss der Regionalität auf die Effizienz empirisch untersucht. Bei der Effizienz im Zeitverlauf wird gezeigt, dass die durchschnittliche technische Effizienz der deutschen Sparkassen weiter gesunken ist. Für die durchschnittliche Kosteneffizienz wird für den Zeitraum nach der Finanzkrise erstmals ein positiver Trendverlauf nachgewiesen, was ein Beleg dafür ist, dass Sparkassen erfolgreiche Kostenmanager im Beobachtungszeitraum waren. Es zeigt sich aber auch, dass im Vergleich zu den effizientesten Sparkassen teils noch erhebliche Ineffizienzen im Sektor bestehen und die Divergenz zwischen effizienten und weniger effizienten Sparkassen zunimmt. Im Hinblick auf die Relevanz externer Umfeldfaktoren wird nachgewiesen, dass die Bevölkerungsdichte und der Wettbewerb einen Einfluss auf die Effizienz haben. Es wird ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen der Bevölkerungsdichte und der Kosteneffizienz dokumentiert. So besteht ein Stadt-Land-Gefälle unabhängig von der Betriebsgröße, d. h. Sparkassen in bevölkerungsarmen Regionen weisen ein geringeres Effizienzniveau auf als Institute in Ballungsgebieten. Wissenschaftlich neu ist der negative Zusammenhang zwischen dem Wettbewerb und der technischen Effizienz bzw. Kosteneffizienz, welcher auf die Gültigkeit der Effizienz-Struktur-Hypothese schließen lässt. Damit wird belegt, dass entgegen der bisher für die deutschen Sparkassen dominierenden Quiet-Life-Hypothese vom Wettbewerb keine effizienzsteigernde Wirkung ausgeht. Vielmehr fällt es Sparkassen im aktuellen Marktumfeld in wettbewerbsintensiven Regionen schwerer, effizient zu agieren.
Impact of thermal loading on selected chemical and morphological properties of spruce ThermoWood
Authors: Čabalová Iveta , Zachar Martin , Kačík František , Tribulová Tereza
Published: October 2022

Physico-chemical changes to ThermoWood produced from Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) with the dimensions 20 mm × 20 mm × 10 mm were evaluated as a function of thermal loading at a flame ignition temperature (FIT) and spontaneous ignition temperature (SIT). The extractives, cellulose, holocellulose, and lignin contents were determined by wet chemistry methods. Carbohydrates and cellulose changes were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The dimensional characteristics of the fibers (length, width, and shape factor) were measured. After thermal loading, an increase in both the cellulose (FIT – 33.1%, SIT – 64.6%) and lignin (FIT – 28.3%, SIT – 63.4%) contents and a decrease in the extractives content (approximately 8% to 9%) were observed. The increase in the cellulose content was attributed to structural changes (carbonization and crosslinking). The lignin content increased because of condensation and its greater thermal stability compared with carbohydrates. After the thermal treatment, saccharides content was lower due to degradation of non-glucosic saccharides (mainly pentosans – 51.3%). The cellulose degree of polymerization decreased by 40.8% during thermal loading at the FIT and by up to 75.4% at the SIT. Thermal loading of ThermoWood samples caused a significant decrease of fibers average width.
Micro-nanoarchitectonics of electroless Cu/Ni composite materials based on wood via heat treatment
Authors: Pan Yanfei , Dai Mayin , Zheng Xin , Yun Lei , Qiu Fengqi , Yang Dongbo , Deng Caiyi , Guo Qiang , Huang Jintian
Published: October 2022

This research aims to optimize the comprehensive performance of wood-based electromagnetic shielding interference (EMI) materials and master the effect of heat treatment on its coating density, interfacial morphology, conductivity, and hydrophobic and electromagnetic shielding. The results showed that the surface roughness of composite coatings was 11.0 μm when the wood was conducted via electroless two deposition Cu and one Ni and the heat treatment temperature was 150 °C. The composite coating’s surface gradually became more uniform with increasing temperature. The coating’s thickness via 120 °C heat treatment was 97.5 μm. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) spectra verified the existence of Cu and Ni particles. The heat treatment had an obvious influence on conductivity of composite materials and the pore network structure. The contact angle of composite materials reached 119°. The average electromagnetic shielding efficiency via 180 °C heat treatment was up to 91.4 dB in the frequency ranging from 300 to 3.0 GHz, which verified that the composite materials can shield 99.99% of the incident electromagnetic wave energy. The conductivity gradient structure can realize multi-dielectric interface loss and multiple reflection loss.
To 95-th birthday of Professor E.I. Rashba (looking back ones again)
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Kochelap V.A. , Belyaev A.E. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2022

The theory of spin-orbit interaction, developed by E.I. Rashba more than 30 years ago, stimulated the rapid development of a new discipline – spintronics – the physics of processes and devices based on the control of spins. The paper summarizes achievements of Prof. Rashba in the early stage of his scientific researches, particularly those, which were performed in Ukraine. Among them, prediction of electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR), phase transitions in spin-orbit coupled systems driven by change of the Fermi surface topology, giant oscillator strength of impurity excitons, and coexistence of free and self-trapped excitons. Solid state physics is the basis of contemporary electronics and optoelectronics. Various electronic, optical, acoustical and other effects and processes in solid define performances of modern solid state devices. Multitude of groups and thousands researchers are involved in discovering, study and using relevant new phenomena. Among them, Professor Emmanuel Rashba with his outstanding results in physics of crystals is seen (rises) as a profound personality. His contribution in almost all branches of solid state physics cannot be exaggerated, some of his results have found important applications. Prof. E.I. Rashba is known as one of the leading theorists in Ukraine, in Soviet Union, and he continued the successful career in United States. Although many years have already passed, scientific community in Ukraine remembers Prof. E.I. Rashba and thankfully appreciates his impact to formation of condensed matter researches in our country. This short text is devoted to Prof. E.I. Rashba and is written on the occasion of his birthday.
Continuous wave and pulsed EPR study of Cd1-xMnxTe crystals with different Mn content
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prosp. Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Savchenko D.V. ,   Institute of Physics of the CAS, 2 Na Slovance, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic, Riasna M.K. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prosp. Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Chursanova M.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prosp. Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Matveeva T.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prosp. Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Popenko N.A. ,   O. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics, NAS of Ukraine 12, Proskura str., 61085 Kharkiv, Ukraine, Ivanchenko I.V. ,   O. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics, NAS of Ukraine 12, Proskura str., 61085 Kharkiv, Ukraine, Kalabukhova E.N. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2022

The cadmium manganese telluride (Cd1–xMnxTe) crystals (x < 0.001 and x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.1) grown using the Bridgman method were studied by applying continuous wave and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in the wide temperature range. The Cd1–xMnxTe crystals with x < 0.001 revealed the EPR spectrum from isolated Mn2+ with g⊥ = g∥ = 2.0074(3), |A⊥| = |A∥| = 56.97 ⋅ 10–4 cm–1, |a| = 30.02⋅10–4 cm–1, while Cd1–xMnxTe crystals with x = 0.02…0.04 are characterized by two single broad isotropic EPR lines of Lorentzian shape (g ~ 2.009 and g ~ 1.99) due to Mn clusters of different sizes. The EPR spectrum of Cd1–xMnxTe crystals with x = 0.01 consists of the single broad line at g ~ 2.01 due to higher level of homogeneity inherent to these crystals. The temperature dependence of spin relaxation times for the isolated Mn2+ center in the Cd1–xMnxTe crystals with x < 0.001 has been described using the conceptions of Orbach process for TM–1 and two-phonon Raman process for T1–1.
Grain size effect on electrical properties of Ag6PS5I-based ceramic materials
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidgirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Pogodin A.I. , Shender I.O. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidgirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Filep M.J. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidgirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine,   Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute, 6, Kossuth Sq., 90200 Beregovo, Ukraine, Kokhan O.P. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidgirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Symkanych O.I. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidgirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Malakhovska T.O. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidgirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Suslikov L.M. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidgirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Kopčanský P. ,   Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 47, Watsonova str., 04001 Košice, Slovakia
Published: October 2022

Micro- and nanocrystalline powders were prepared by grinding of pre-synthesized Ag6PS5I in an agate mortar and a planetary ball mill, which were further investigated using XRD and SEM methods. Appropriate ceramic materials in the form of disks with a relative density of (91…94) ± 1% of the theoretical one were made using the cold pressing method for the obtained powders with subsequent annealing at the temperature 923 K. The values of the ionic and electron components of the total electrical conductivity were obtained analyzing the corresponding frequency dependences of the total electrical conductivity on the Nyquist plots using electrode equivalent circuits. It has been ascertained that reduction of crystallite sizes in Ag6PS5I-based ceramic materials leads to a slight increase in ionic conductivity and a significant increase in the electronic one, resulting in a decrease of the ratio between them.
Photodetector module of optoelectronic control systems for tracking the moving objects
Authors:   Institute for Information Recording, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2, Shpak str., 03113 Kyiv, Ukraine, Antonov E.E. , Lapchuk A.S. ,   Institute for Information Recording, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2, Shpak str., 03113 Kyiv, Ukraine, Petrov V.V ,   Institute for Information Recording, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2, Shpak str., 03113 Kyiv, Ukraine, Tokalin O.A. ,   Institute for Information Recording, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2, Shpak str., 03113 Kyiv, Ukraine, Zenin V.N. ,   Institute for Information Recording, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2, Shpak str., 03113 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2022

An algorithm has been developed for modelling the signals of four-plane photodetector, when moving an axisymmetric light spot along its surface. The form of direction-finding characteristics of photodetector has been calculated for different schemes of illumination of sensitive surface of the detector, which are used in optoelectronic automatic control systems, in particular in the motion control systems for tracking moving objects. Some samples of specialized focusing microprism devices with the distribution of light spot in the focal plane as a central circle with a light ring at its periphery, which are made using diamond micro-cutting based on our simulation results, have been experimentally investigated.
Influence of the thickness of frontal platinum metallic layer on the electro-optical characteristics of GaN-based Schottky ultraviolet photodetectors
Authors:   Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, P.O. Box 64, Cheraga, 16014 Algiers, Algeria, Bouzid F. , Pezzimenti F. ,   DIIES-Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria 89122, Italy
Published: October 2022

In this work, we evaluated the effect of the thickness of frontal metallic layer on the electro-optical characteristics of an n-type gallium nitride (n-GaN)-based Schottky barrier ultraviolet (UV) detector using device modeling and numerical simulations. Comparison of the current density-voltage characteristics J(V) calculated for different metals demonstrated that platinum (Pt) is the most suitable metal to form Schottky contacts. The obtained results show that the thickness of the frontal platinum Schottky contact highly affects the spectral responsivity of the detector in the considered UV range of 0.2…0.4 µm. In particular, the detector responsivity at room temperature can reach the peak value of 0.208 A·W–1 at the wavelength of 0.364 µm and the semi-transparent Pt layer as thin as 1 nm. Afterward, it gradually decreases with the increase of the metal layer thickness down to 0.147 A·W–1 for the thickness of the Pt layer of 100 nm.
Experimental investigation and theoretical modeling of textured silicon solar cells with rear metallization
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Sachenko A.V. , Kostylyov V.P. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Korkishko R.M. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Vlasiuk V.M. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Sokolovskyi I.O. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Evstigneev M. ,   Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada, Olikh O.Ya. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine, Shkrebtii A.I. ,   Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada, Dvernikov B.F. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Chernenko V.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2022

Crystalline Silicon (c-Si) remains a dominant photovoltaic material in solar cell industry. Currently, scientific and technological advances enable producing the c-Si solar cells (SCs) efficiency close to the fundamental limit. Therefore, combining the experimental results and those of modeling becomes crucial to further progress in improving the efficiency and reducing the cost of photovoltaic systems. We carried out the experimental characterization of the highly-efficient c-Si SCs and compared with the results of modeling. For this purpose, we developed and applied to the samples under investigation the improved theoretical model to optimize characteristics of highly efficient textured solar cells. The model accounts for all recombination mechanisms, including nonradiative exciton recombination by the Auger mechanism via a deep recombination centers and recombination in the space-charge region. To compare the theoretical results with those of experiments, we proposed empirical formula for the external quantum efficiency (EQE), which describes its experimental spectral dependence near the long-wave absorption edge. The proposed approach allows modeling of the short-circuit current and photoconversion efficiency in the textured crystalline silicon solar cells. It has been ascertained that the dependences of the short-circuit current on the open-circuit voltage and the dark current on the applied voltage at V < 0.6 V coincide with each other. The theoretical results, as compared to the experimental ones, allowed us to validate the developed formalism, and were used to optimize the key parameters of SCs, such as the base thickness, doping level and others. In this work, we have further generalized and refined the analytical approach proposed and used by us earlier to analyze high-efficiency solar cells and model their characteristics.