bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the association between sick child healthcare utilisation and health facility quality in Malawi: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Lingrui , Leslie Hannah H , Joshua Martias , Kruk Margaret E
Published: July 2019

Objective

Increasing the availability of basic healthcare services in low-and middle-income countries is not sufficient to meet the Sustainable Development Goal target for child survival in high-mortality settings, where healthcare utilisation is often inconsistent and quality of care can be poor. We assessed whether poor quality of sick child healthcare in Malawi is associated with low utilisation of sick child healthcare.

Design

We measured two elements of quality of sick child healthcare: facility structural readiness and process of care using data from the 2013 Malawi Service Provision Assessment. Overall quality was defined as the average of these metrics. We extracted demographic data from the 2013–2014 Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey and linked households to nearby facilities using geocodes. We used logistic regression to examine the association of facility quality with utilisation of formal health services for children under 5 years of age suffering diarrhoea, fever or cough/acute respiratory illness, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. We conducted sensitivity analyses (SAs), modifying the travel distance and population—facility matching criteria.

Setting and population

568 facilities were linked with 9701 children with recent illness symptoms in Malawi, of whom 69% had been brought to a health facility.

Results

Overall, facilities showed gaps in structural quality (62% readiness) and major deficiencies in process quality (33%), for an overall quality score of 48%. Better facility quality was associated with higher odds of utilisation of sick child healthcare services (adjusted ORs (AOR): 1.66, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.63), as was structural quality alone (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.87). SAs supported the main finding.

Conclusion

Although Malawi’s health facilities for curative child care are widely available, quality and utilisation of sick child healthcare services are in short supply. Improving facility quality may provide a way to encourage higher utilisation of healthcare, thereby decreasing preventable childhood morbidity and mortality.
Suicidal ideation in relation to disordered eating, body size and weight perception: a cross-sectional study of a Norwegian adolescent population: the HUNT Study
Authors: Saeedzadeh Sardahaee Farzaneh , Holmen Turid Lingaas , Micali Nadia , Sund Erik R , Bjerkeset Ottar , Kvaløy Kirsti
Published: July 2019

Objective

We conducted a population-based study on a sample of more than 7000 adolescents where we examined the associations between suicidal ideation (SI) and disordered eating (DE) and its related traits.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Settings

Data were derived from two Norwegian population-based cohorts, the Young-HUNT1 (1995–1997) and Young-HUNT3 (2006–2008) from the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway.

Participants

A total of 7268 adolescents (15–19 years) who had completed self-reported questionnaires including items on SI, DE, body size and weight perception were included.

Primary outcome measures

ORs for SI given DE, body size or weight perception. Analyses were performed in multivariate logistic regression models.

Results

The prevalence of SI was 23.1% in total population. Both girls and boys who reported DE, evaluated their body size asnot‘about the same as others’ or were ‘unhappy about their weight’ had between twofold to fivefold increase in odds for SI; these incremental risks were observed independent of sex, age, body mass index and socioeconomic status. We observed higher odds for SI among boys.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a clear association between SI and DE and its associated traits, in both genders but especially in males. Special attention should be paid on early detection of DE traits among adolescents.
Viruses and non-allergen environmental triggers in asthma
Authors: Chau-Etchepare Florence , Hoerger Joshua L , Kuhn Brooks T , Zeki Amir A , Haczku Angela , Louie Samuel , Kenyon Nicholas J , Davis Cristina E , Schivo Michael
Published: July 2019

Asthma is a complex inflammatory disease with many triggers. The best understood asthma inflammatory pathways involve signals characterized by peripheral eosinophilia and elevated immunoglobulin E levels (called T2-high or allergic asthma), though other asthma phenotypes exist (eg, T2-low or non-allergic asthma, eosinophilic or neutrophilic-predominant). Common triggers that lead to poor asthma control and exacerbations include respiratory viruses, aeroallergens, house dust, molds, and other organic and inorganic substances. Increasingly recognized non-allergen triggers include tobacco smoke, small particulate matter (eg, PM2.5), and volatile organic compounds. The interaction between respiratory viruses and non-allergen asthma triggers is not well understood, though it is likely a connection exists which may lead to asthma development and/or exacerbations. In this paper we describe common respiratory viruses and non-allergen triggers associated with asthma. In addition, we aim to show the possible interactions, and potential synergy, between viruses and non-allergen triggers. Finally, we introduce a new clinical approach that collects exhaled breath condensates to identify metabolomics associated with viruses and non-allergen triggers that may promote the early management of asthma symptoms.
Electronic Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score change and functional outcome in a drip-and-ship stroke service
Authors: Purrucker Jan Christoph , Mattern Nicole , Herweh Christian , Möhlenbruch Markus , Ringleb Peter Arthur , Nagel Simon , Gumbinger Christoph
Published: July 2019

Background

Debate continues as to whether patients with acute ischemic stroke with (suspected) large vessel occlusion benefit from direct referral versus secondary transportation.

Aims

To analyze the change in early infarct signs, collaterals, and acute ischemia volume and their association with transfer time and functional outcome.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed consecutive transfers between 2013 and 2016 for patients with anterior circulation stroke transported from referring hospitals to our center as potential candidates for thrombectomy. Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Scores (ASPECTS) were automatically calculated on external and in-house CT using the Brainomix e-ASPECTS software, and collaterals were assessed using the e-CTA tool. Functional status after stroke using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) was obtained.

Results

102 patients with CT scans both at the referring hospital and our center were identified. During patient transfer, e-ASPECTS declined by a median of 1 point (0–2). Functional outcome correlated with the change in e-ASPECTS (decline, n=54) (Spearmanrs=0.322, 95% CI 0.131 to 0.482, p=0.001). The median image-to-image time was 149 min (IQR 113–190), but did not correlate with change in e-ASPECTS (p=0.754) and mRS score at 3 months (p=0.25). Preserved good collateral status assessed at the comprehensive stroke center was associated with better functional outcome (rs=−0.271, 95% CI −0.485 to −0.037, p=0.02).

Conclusions

Patient transfer in a drip-and-ship network was associated with declines in e-ASPECTS associated with worse functional outcome. Image-to-image time did not influence this association, but worsening collateral status did.
Investigation into clients’ perception of postoperative physiotherapy for dogs undergoing cranial cruciate ligament disease surgery
Authors: Lafuente Pilar , Alves João , Man Chun Lau
Published: July 2019

Aim

To evaluate clients’ understanding, perception and experience of postoperative physiotherapy after undergoing an osteotomy technique for cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD).

Method

A retrospective questionnaire was sent to 202 owners of dogs that underwent CCLD surgery at the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017, with 63 responses obtained.

Results

Significant differences were found in choice of physiotherapy between clients recommended or not by their vets (p<0.01), and between those offered additional information and those who were not (p<0.01). Of those who chose physiotherapy, 85% had a satisfactory experience. No difference was found in choice of physiotherapy between clients aware of its availability and those who were not (p=0.069). No association was found between cost of the service and clients’ perception of cost‐worthiness (p=0.169) or between cost‐worthiness and recovery outcome (p=0.420). A correlation was found between clients' perception of cost‐worthiness and satisfaction level (p=0.03). Clients’ knowledge was related to the choice of physiotherapy (p=0.01), but not to other investigated factors. A significant relationship was found between clients' age and choice of physiotherapy (p=0.01), with younger clients choosing physiotherapy more often.

Conclusion

Veterinarians recommending physiotherapy and providing accurate information affect clients' decision to choose, and perception of, physiotherapy, in addition to clients’ own knowledge.
Induced entanglement entropy of harmonic oscillators in non-commutative phase space
Authors: Lin Bingsheng , Xu Jian , Heng Taihua
Published: July 2019

We study the entanglement entropy of harmonic oscillators in non-commutative phase space (NCPS). We propose a new definition of quantum Rényi entropy based on Wigner functions in NCPS. Using the Rényi entropy, we calculate the entanglement entropy of the ground state of the 2D isotropic harmonic oscillators. We find that for some values of the non-commutative parameters, the harmonic oscillators can be entangled in NCPS. This is a new entanglement-like effect caused by the non-commutativity of the phase space.
Q2dependence of the fractional momenta carried by smallxquarks and gluons in models of proton structure function
Authors: Machahari Luxmi , Choudhury D. K.
Published: July 2019

Recently, we suggested two alternative analytical models of proton structure function [Formula: see text] and gluon distribution [Formula: see text] at small [Formula: see text] [L. Machahari and D. K. Choudhury, Eur. Phys. J. A 54, 69 (2018); Commun. Theor. Phys. 71, 56 (2019)] derived from the coupled DGLAP equations for quarks and gluons approximated by Taylor expansion. In this work, we compute the partial momentum fractions carried by quarks and gluons in limited small [Formula: see text] range: [Formula: see text] and compare them with few other models available in the current literature. The analysis leads to understand qualitatively the effects of notions like Froissart saturation and self-similarity in the proton at small [Formula: see text]. We also study if our results conform to the total momentum fractions as predicted in perturbative and lattice QCD.
Ferroelectric characteristics of Fe/Nb co-doped BaTiO3
Authors: Ismail Mukhlis M.
Published: July 2019

[Formula: see text] ceramics ([Formula: see text] mol.%, [Formula: see text]:[Formula: see text] = 1:3, 2:3, 3:2, 3:1) were successfully prepared using the traditional solid-phase sintering method. The effects of the proportion doping (Fe/Nb) components on various properties of BaTiO3ceramics were studied. The X-ray diffraction showed that all solid solutions have the single cubic phase at room temperature, and that dielectric permittivity exhibits a maximum, Curie’s temperature at the peak. The ceramics have obvious peak shift effect: Curie’s temperature shifts to low temperature as Fe/Nb ratio increases. The high Fe/Nb ratio BaTiO3ceramic showed also an enhancement of the broadening effect for dielectric constant curve with respect to temperature, and dielectric permittivity peak reflected phase transition from rhombohedral to tetragonal polar-nano regions. Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Fe/Nb co-doped BaTiO3ceramics have obvious enhanced ferroelectric properties and have slender hysteresis loop beneficial for energy storage materials.
Study of structural and electronic properties of (ZnSeZB)m/(ZnSeWZ)n superlattices based on HSE hybrid functional
Authors: Lin Jia-Hong , Yang Xiong-Tao , Zou Bing-Suo , Shi Li-Jie
Published: July 2019

Using first-principles method, we studied systematically the structural and electronic properties of ZB/WZ superlattices of ZnSe. The band offsets are calculated by Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid functional which can give a good prediction on the relative band positions. The band alignment at ZB/WZ interface is found to be type-II with holes localized in wurtzite region and electrons in zinc-blende region, which is suitable for optoelectronic and solar energy conversion. The origin of type-II character and the carrier localization are investigated in detail.
Porphyrin synthesis using mechanochemistry: Sustainability assessment
Authors: Gomes Carla , Peixoto Mariana , Pineiro Marta
Published: July 2019

Looking for sustainable synthetic methodologies, mechanochemistry as a new tool for one-step and two-step approaches for the synthesis of meso-substituted porphyrins was explored. The best results were obtained in a two-step procedure, under liquid-assisted grinding in the oxidation step using 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, an environmentally acceptable solvent, and MnO2 as a heterogeneous oxidant. The sustainability was assessed using two sustainability metrics, E-factor and EcoScale, which allow comparison between procedures and methods.
Coupled hydraulic and mechanical model of surface uplift due to mine water rebound: implications for mine water heating and cooling schemes
Authors: Todd Fiona , McDermott Christopher , Harris Andrew Fraser , Bond Alexander , Gilfillan Stuart
Published: July 2019

In order to establish sustainable heat loading (heat removal and storage) in abandoned flooded mine workings it is important to understand the geomechanical impact of the cyclical heat loading caused by fluid injection and extraction. This is particularly important where significantly more thermal loading is planned than naturally occurs. A simple calculation shows that the sustainable geothermal heat flux from abandoned coal mines can provide less than a tenth of Scotland's annual domestic heating demand. Any heat removal greater than the natural heat flux will lead to heat mining unless heat storage options are also considered.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the SJG Collection on Early-Career Research available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/SJG-early-career-research
High-performance Implementation of Elliptic Curve Cryptography Using Vector Instructions
Authors: Faz-Hernández Armando , López Julio , Dahab Ricardo
Published: July 2019

Elliptic curve cryptosystems are considered an efficient alternative to conventional systems such as DSA and RSA. Recently, Montgomery and Edwards elliptic curves have been used to implement cryptosystems. In particular, the elliptic curves Curve25519 and Curve448 were used for instantiating Diffie-Hellman protocols named X25519 and X448. Mapping these curves to twisted Edwards curves allowed deriving two new signature instances, called Ed25519 and Ed448, of the Edwards Digital Signature Algorithm. In this work, we focus on the secure and efficient software implementation of these algorithms using SIMD parallel processing. We present software techniques that target the Intel AVX2 vector instruction set for accelerating prime field arithmetic and elliptic curve operations. Our contributions result in a high-performance software library for AVX2-ready processors. For example, our library computes digital signatures 19% (for Ed25519) and 29% (for Ed448) faster than previous optimized implementations. Also, our library improves by 10% and 20% the execution time of X25519 and X448, respectively.
Priesthood and Cult in the Visions of Amram: A Critical Evaluation of Its Attitudes toward the Contemporary Temple Establishment in Jerusalem
Authors: Jones Robert
Published: July 2019

This paper evaluates the attitudes toward the contemporary Jerusalem priesthood and cult on evidence in the Visions of Amram. To the extent that this issue has been treated, scholars have generally argued that the Visions of Amram originated among groups that were hostile to the Aaronid priesthood. Such treatments, however, have left some of the most germane fragments unexamined, several of which deal directly with matters pertaining to the cult, Aaron, and his offspring (4Q547 5 1–3; 8 2–4; 9 5–7; 4Q545 4 16–19). My study incorporates these fragments into the larger discussion, and in so doing demonstrates that many of the views expressed in the secondary literature require revision. My analysis shows that, though the social location of the Visions of Amram is difficult to determine, we should not be too quick to dismiss the possibility that the writer was a supporter of the contemporary status quo in the temple, given the elevated status afforded to both Aaron and his eternal posterity throughout the text.
Negotiation and Mediation in the Hard(est) Cases
Authors: Butler Michael J.
Published: July 2019

In seeking a fuller understanding of the provision and effectiveness of negotiation and mediation, salient lessons can be gleaned from instances in which these processes seem unlikely to succeed or unlikely to be tried at all. Contributions to this special issue of International Negotiation purposefully avoid mining examples of success stories for correlates. The contributors have instead consciously identified and examined applications of negotiation and mediation in the hard(est) cases, with the objective of teasing out what shortcomings and even failures can tell us about the prospects of negotiation and mediation as practices of conflict management and resolution. Using the criteria discussed in this introductory article, this collection examines negotiation and mediation in international crises, intractable conflicts, civil wars, and other cases defined by complex contextual environments, actor configurations, and disputes – with the goal of revealing insights that can improve the effectiveness of negotiation and mediation in application.
Refining Intractability: A Case Study of Entrapment in the Syrian Civil War
Authors: Vuković Siniša , Bernabei Diane
Published: July 2019

Intractability is generally associated with prolonged tensions, employment of destructive means, suspicion and mistrust, inflammatory rhetoric and polarized solutions that are usually presented as ultimatums. Existing studies on intractability have emphasized the resistance to solution as a crucial indicator of intractability, and subsequently explored the phases through which intractability evolves and key characteristics these conflicts possess. What is largely missing is a nuanced explanation of at what point resistance turns into intractability. Building on earlier studies from social-psychology on entrapment in negotiations this article will develop a novel conceptual framework of entrapment as a precondition to intractability, and apply it to assess the causes and consequences of entrapment in an escalating conflict using the Syrian Civil War as a case study. The study will demonstrate that resistance to solution, which is a consequence of entrapment, does not automatically lead to intractability.
Historical Analogies and Intractable Negotiation
Authors: Rosoux Valerie
Published: July 2019

This article questions the role of historical analogies in reaching – or not – effective and durable agreements. It compares two emblematic cases, the Israeli-Palestinian case and the Franco-Algerian case, and focuses on the tension that exists between the weight of the past and the need to move forward. The purpose of the article is not to reduce the hardest cases to their historical dimension. It is rather to show that the ways in which the memories of past events are interpreted, misinterpreted, or even manipulated create the context that shapes peace processes. The analysis is structured on the three main functions attributed to historical analogies: representing the unfamiliar, assigning social roles, and framing action. The examination of these functions helps us to better understand how negotiators and mediators can try to live with the memories rather than without them or against them.
Learning from Success and Failure
Authors: Butler Michael J.
Published: July 2019

The various contributions to this special issue reveal three overarching insights with respect to negotiation and mediation in the hard(est) cases: one, the discrepancy between securing negotiated or mediated agreements and actual solutions; two, the conditioning effects of structural and contextual considerations on the bargaining process; and three, the divergent ends to which negotiation and mediation can be (and are) directed. Ultimately, the preceding analyses suggest that, when it comes to the hard(est) cases, negotiation and mediation are best thought of as tools within a larger toolkit, which have a markedly better chance of succeeding when they are employed in an environment amenable to them. On their own, negotiation and mediation cannot be effective in cultivating ripeness in such cases. Rather, the challenge at hand is to employ other means to transform the context enveloping the bargaining environment in ways that are conducive to negotiated and mediated solutions.
Conflict between Children’s Autonomy and Protection in Healthcare. Comparative Study between Spanish and Belgian Law
Authors: Elizari Urtasun Leyre
Published: July 2019

This article addresses the autonomy of children and adolescents in healthcare decisions, focusing on those ones that might entail a risk to the child’s life or health, especially when a medical intervention is refused. In these cases, a conflict between the recognition of the autonomy of the child and his or her protection arises, and various legal systems solve it in different ways. This study examines this issue from a comparative perspective between Belgian and Spanish laws, taking into account that the latter was rewritten in 2015 to leave out all underage patients’ decisions that could constitute a risk for their life or health.
Hormone and glucose dynamics at physical exertion, at photoperiodic factor and hypoxia
Authors: Hasanova Konul G.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research was to study the dynamics of melatonin, insulin, adrenaline and glucose in the blood of rabbit kits (prior and subsequent to prenatal hypoxia) at various stages of fetal growth and development; to study the ability of kits to withstand physical exertion of various intensity and duration in light and dark. The study of hypoxia exposure factors, photoperiodic factors and methods for correcting its effects is one of the pressing issues currently facing experimental and clinical physiology. In this context, it is important to study the effect of prenatal hypoxia on hormones synthesizing and expressing principles in the early periods of postnatal ontogenesis. This research shows that melatonin level decreases with increasing insulin and increases with decreasing insulin in animals of different ages kept under conditions of constant light and constant darkness, while the level of adrenaline decreases at physical exertion, but increases with a decrease in melatonin. This research confirms the inverse relationship between the levels of melatonin and insulin and between the levels of melatonin and adrenaline. Kits being in constant darkness have increasing melatonin, which by contrast decreases under conditions of constant light.
BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
Authors: O’LOUGHLIN P. MARK
Published: July 2019

The holothuroid species collected by The British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) are listed, with some systematic annotations. A previous report by O’Loughlin on some BANZARE holothuroids is revised and incorporated. Four new species are described: the Antarctic dactylochirotid Echinocucumis kirrilyae sp. nov.; the Kerguelen dendrochirotid Clarkiella deichmannae sp. nov.; the Antarctic dendrochirotids Trachythyone cynthiae sp. nov. and Trachythyone mackenzieae sp. nov. Cucumaria serrata var. intermedia Théel from Heard and Kerguelen, and Cucumaria serrata var. marionensis Théel from Marion, are raised to species status, and assigned to Pseudocnus Panning. Cucumaria (Semperia) ekmani Ludwig & Heding is a junior synonym of Cucumaria kerguelensis Théel. Cucumaria kerguelensis is re-assigned to Neopsolidium Pawson. Thyone recurvata Théel and Cucumaria squamata Ludwig are junior synonyms of Trachythyone muricata Studer. Cucumaria (Semperia) bouvetensis Ludwig & Heding is formally re-assigned to Trachythyone. Trachythyone baja Hernández is a junior synonym of Trachythyone bouvetensis (Ludwig & Heding). Molecular genetic data indicate possible allopatric cryptic Antarctic forms for the morpho-species Laetmogone wyvillethomsoni Théel. A table with all species and station data is provided.
Four new species of Rhyncaphytoptus from Tibet Autonomous Region, China (Acari: Eriophyoidea: Diptilomiopidae)
Authors: SONG ZI-WEI , XUE XIAO-FENG , HONG XIAO-YUE
Published: July 2019

In this paper, four new eriophyoid mite species in the genus Rhyncaphytoptus from China are described and illustrated. They are Rhyncaphytoptus tibetirosae sp. nov. on Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), Rhyncaphytoptus acutifoliae sp. nov. on Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz. (Rosaceae), Rhyncaphytoptus tibetisalicise sp. nov. on Salix sp. (Salicaceae) and Rhyncaphytoptus buxifoliae sp. nov. on Cotoneaster buxifolius Lindl. (Rosaceae). All eriophyoid mites described herein are vagrants on the undersurface of host leaves. A key to the species of Chinese Rhyncaphytoptus is provided.
A new species of Strouhaloniscellus Tabacaru, 1993 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from a cave in Mt Biokovo, Croatia
Authors: BEDEK JANA , TAITI STEFANO
Published: July 2019

A new species of Strouhaloniscellus (S. biokovoensis) (Trichoniscidae, Haplophthalminae) is described and illustrated from specimens collected at the bottom of a vertical cave in Mt Biokovo, Croatia. The new species is characterised by its small size (2.8 mm long), unpigmented body, absence of eyes, cephalon with three rows of tubercles, pereion with an oblique ridge on the epimera and 2+2 large tubercles on pereionites 1–6 and 1+1 on pereionite 7, pleon narrow with no dorsal ornamentation, male pereiopod 7 with a stout apically rounded seta on carpus, and male pleopod 1 exopod with a quadrangular distal part bent outwards and a rounded lobe on medial margin. Strouhaloniscellus biokovoensis n. sp. represents the second known species of the genus Strouhaloniscellus. The differences with S. anophthalmus (Strouhal) are discussed and an emended diagnosis of the genus Strouhaloniscellus is given.
First records of the rare eelpout Lycenchelys xanthoptera Anderson, 1991 (Teleostei, Zoarcidae) in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: STRUTHERS CARL D. , MØLLER PETER R.
Published: July 2019

Six eelpout species (Zoarcidae) are currently known from the Ross Sea and adjacent areas: Dieidolycus leptodermatus Anderson, 1988; Lycodichthys dearborni (DeWitt, 1962); Ophthalmolycus bothriocephalus (Pappenheim, 1912); Pachycara brachycephalum (Pappenheim, 1912); Seleniolycus pectoralis Møller & Stewart, 2006 and Seleniolycus robertsi Møller & Stewart, 2006 (Anderson, 1990, 2006; Møller & Stewart, 2006). Zoarcidae is thereby one of the most diverse non-Notothenoid fish families in the Ross Sea.
Variation of Stinga Evans, 1955, with description of a new species from Mexico (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Hesperiini)
Authors: WARREN ANDREW D. , AUSTIN GEORGE T.
Published: July 2019

Stinga Evans, 1955, has been considered monotypic since its description despite geographical variation that has not been elucidated. The variation of Stinga morrisoni (W. H. Edwards, 1878) described and figured here includes a range of superficial phenotypes segregated by a combination of geography and elevation, but united by a common genital morphology of both sexes. In addition, a second species of the genus occurring in southern Mexico (Tlaxcala, Puebla and Oaxaca), with different genitalia and superficial traits outside the range of variation seen in S. morrisoni, is described and named as a new species.
Evaluation of diagnostic characters of the Tanytarsus chinyensis group (Diptera: Chironomidae), with description of a new species from Lapland
Authors: GIŁKA WOJCIECH , PAASIVIRTA LAURI
Published: July 2019

Tanytarsus salmelai sp. n. collected from the northernmost sites of the Finnish Lapland is described. The new species and two sibling Tanytarsus, T. brundini Lindeberg, 1963 and T. curticornis Kieffer, 1911, are compared, diagnosed and illustrated in detail. Morphological variability and diagnostic characters of the three related species are discussed. An emended diagnosis for adult males of the Tanytarsus chinyensis species group and a key to determination of European species of the group are also provided.
A new hidden species of the Cymothoe caenis-complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from western Africa
Authors: VAN VELZEN ROBIN , LARSEN TORBEN B. , BAKKER FREEK T.
Published: July 2019

Butterflies of the Afrotropical genus Cymothoe are characterised by sexual dimorphism. Females of the most common species of the genus, Cymothoe caenis Drury, occur in many different forms in the equatorial zone, while only a single form is present west of the Niger Delta in Nigeria, raising the question as to whether the two populations need taxonomic recognition. We present molecular and genitalic evidence that the western populations of C. caenis s.l. comprise a distinct species: Cymothoe druryi sp. nov.
The terrestrial herpetofauna of Torres and Banks Groups (northern Vanuatu), with report of a new species for Vanuatu
Authors: INEICH IVAN
Published: July 2019

A recent herpetological field trip to the Torres Group, an island group located at the northernmost border of Vanuatu, about 150 km from the southernmost Solomon Islands, allowed the collection of about 300 reptile specimens. Among these, Lepidodactylus guppyi is a new species record for Vanuatu. I also provide many new species records for the Torres Group, including two recently introduced species. The terrestrial herpetofauna of the islands of the Torres Group is reviewed for the first time and compared (1) to that of the Solomon Islands and particularly the southern Solomon island groups (Santa Cruz Group) bordering the Torres Group in the north, (2) to the remainder of Vanuatu and particularly Espiritu Santo Island which I recently surveyed, and (3) to a neighbouring group of islands in northern Vanuatu, the Banks Group. The Banks and Torres Groups share the same herpetofauna and their affinities are much stronger to the remainder of Vanuatu than to the southern Solomon Islands, thus suggesting their similar paleopositions during Melanesian arc movements.
Lethenteron ninae, a new nonparasitic lamprey species from the north-eastern Black Sea basin (Petromyzontiformes: Petromyzontidae)
Authors: NASEKA ALEXANDER M. , TUNIYEV SAKO B. , RENAUD CLAUDE B.
Published: July 2019

Lethenteron ninae sp. n., a nonparasitic lamprey, is described from rivers of western Transcaucasia in Russia and Abkhazia. It is distinguished from the other species of Lampetrinae in Europe and west Asia (Black Sea basin) by the combination of the following character states: adults with a dark blotch near the apex of the second dorsal fin; exolaterals absent; posterials either absent or more commonly present in a single incomplete row of 3–7 teeth (a toothless gap in the middle); transverse lingual lamina with 9–15 unicuspid teeth, the median one markedly enlarged; supraoral lamina with two unicuspid teeth separated by a toothless bridge; 1–2 rows of anterials, usually 2; first row of anterials with 5–7 unicuspid teeth; oral fimbriae, 69–99; trunk myomeres in both ammocoetes and adults, 56–62; and in ammocoetes, trunk not mottled and tongue precursor bulb clearly triangular, with a wide base and a pointed apex bearing few cirri.
Two new Palearctic mite species of the family Cunaxidae (Acari: Prostigmata)
Authors: KALÚZ STANISLAV
Published: July 2019

Two new mite species from SW Slovakia, viz. Armascirus cyaneus sp. nov. and A. cerris sp. nov. (Acari: Prostigmata, Cunaxidae) are described and figured. A key to females of the genus Armascirus of the world is given.
The invasive hydromedusae Blackfordia virginica Mayer, 1910 (Cnidaria: Blackfordiidae) in southern Brazil, with comments on taxonomy and distribution of the genus Blackfordia
Authors: BARDI JULIANA , MARQUES ANTONIO CARLOS
Published: July 2019

The invasive brackish-water hydrozoan Blackfordia virginica is reported from estuaries and harbours in southeastern and southern Brazil. Medusae of the species were collected for the first time in Cananéia, Guaratuba Bay, and Babitonga Bay. They were also found in Paranaguá Bay where they were previously known to occur. Based on material examined here, a comparative redescription is given of B. virginica, and its distribution worldwide is reviewed. The three nominal species of Blackfordia are assessed.
A new species of Pachytrocha Kent, 1882 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia: Vaginicolidae)
Authors: BOSHKO ELENA G. , KONSTANTYNENKO LYUDMILA A.
Published: July 2019

The peritrich ciliate Pachytrocha zhytomirensis n. sp. is described from the sewage treatment system of Zhytomir (Ukraine). The new species is characterized by an elongate, subgeniculate lorica sheltering a single zooid with an annular ridge and a peristomial lip thickened noticeably near the entrance to the infundibulum. When contracting, the upper part of the cell bends toward the wall of the lorica and the inflated edge of the peristomial lip covers the body. The macronucleus is ribbon-like and oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cell. Cothurnia asymmetrica Sommer, 1951 is recognized as a synonym of Pachytrocha cothurnoides Kent, 1882.
The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species
Authors: MACDONALD III KENNETH S , HULTGREN KRISTIN , DUFFY J. EMMETT
Published: July 2019

Twenty-two species of sponge-dwelling shrimp in the genus Synalpheus were collected in the vicinity of Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Four of these species are new to science. Synalpheus thele n. sp., S. corallinus n. sp., and S. plumosetosus n. sp. belong to a group of morphologically similar species that also includes S. brooksi, S. bousfieldi, S. carpenteri, and S. chacei. Synalpheus irie n. sp. is a highly distinctive shrimp most similar to S. mcclendoni, but can be distinguished from the latter by the unique bowl-shaped fingers of the major chela and the two-pronged distal protuberance on the palm of the major chela. Synalpheus belizensis and S. regalis are reported for the first time from outside their type localities in Belize, while S. bocas and S. duffyi are reported for the first time outside their type localities in Caribbean Panama.
Revision and phylogenetics of the genus Paraulax Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) with biological notes and description of a new tribe, a new genus, and five new species
Authors: NIEVES-ALDREY JOSÉ LUIS , LILJEBLAD JOHAN , NIEVES MARÍA HERNÁNDEZ , GREZ AUDREY , NYLANDER JOHAN A. A.
Published: July 2019

The gall wasp genus Paraulax (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) associated with southern beeches (Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae)) from South America is revised. The genus Paraulax and its type species, P. perplexa, are redescribed and a neotype is designated. Two additional species of Paraulax are described as new: P. queulensis and P. ronquisti. After having been first tentatively placed in the Cynipini and later transferred to the Pediaspidini, this genus is here placed in the newly erected tribe Paraulacini, together with the herein described genus Cecinothofagus and the three species that are described as new: C. gallaecoihue, C. gallaelenga and C. ibarrai. The biology of the members of this new tribe is discussed. Contrary to a prior hypothesis that postulated Paraulax (sensu lato) to be true gall-inducers, as most cynipids, evidence here shows that the three species of the new genus Cecinothofagus are instead parasitoids or lethal inquilines inhabiting galls induced by species of Aditrochus (Pteromalidae) on Nothofagus. The biology of the Paraulax species is unknown but since they too are associated with Nothofagus forests their biology is likely associated with the pteromalid gall community. We describe host plant associations as well as the morphology and phenology of the host gall. A phylogenetic reconstruction of the Paraulacini and selected Cynipidae taxa, based on 28S and COI, is performed. Both markers indicate the Paraulacini to be monophyletic and support a sister group relationship with the Pediaspidini. Results from 28S are congruent with both the morphological evidence and the proposed classification.
The genus Microdonophagus Schauff (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with description of a new species
Authors: HANSSON CHRISTER
Published: July 2019

A second species of the hitherto monotypic genus Microdonophagus Schauff is described as Microdonophagus levis sp. nov. The species is described from material collected at La Selva Biological Research Station in Costa Rica. Unlike the previously described species, Microdonophagus woodleyi Schauff, it is described from females only and the biology is not known. The addition of a second species of Microdonophagus enhances the possibilities to assess the characters defining the genus, some of which are introduced as new here.
Commentaries on Gentile & Snell (2009): an introduction
Authors: MINELLI ALESSANDRO
Published: July 2019

In this volume of Zootaxa, Gentile and Snell (2009) describe a new species of terrestrial iguana from the Galápagos Islands. The extreme geographical localization and the very small estimated size of the only known population of the new species are regarded by the authors as incompatible with the killing of a specimen to be fixed as the holotype to be preserved as a museum specimen. As an alternative, they have marked a ‘living holotype’ with a Passive Integrated Transponder and chosen to document its existence and its diagnostic traits, pending the specimen’s natural death and eventual preservation, by providing information on molecular characters, specimen external description and measurements, photos and video recording.
Endangered species and endangered knowledge
Authors: DUBOIS ALAIN
Published: July 2019

The recent discovery of a new species of land iguana in the Galapagos (Tzika et al. 2008; Gentile et al. 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009) is indeed an exciting novelty, of great interest to all zoologists and evolutionary biologists. This species being apparently represented only by a very small population with a very limited range, it was described as a new taxon following an unusual procedure: no fixed specimen(s) (holotype or syntypes) was deposited in a permanent collection, but a live specimen, in which a transponder had been inserted and which then had been released, was designated as holotype. As analysed in detail by Dubois & Nemésio (2007), because of the unclear wording of Art. 16.4.2 of the Code, whether such a nomen is nomenclaturally available is open to question, and pending a clarification of the published Rules of the Code, will remain so. In this context, some comments on the paper by Gentile & Smell (2009), from a taxonomic and nomenclatural point of view, are in order. I thank Zhi-Qiang Zhang, Chief Editor of Zootaxa, for inviting me to contribute to this discussion.
Three new species of Phyllodesmium Ehrenberg (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia: Aeolidoidea), and a revised phylogenetic analysis
Authors: MOORE ELIZABETH , GOSLINER TERRENCE
Published: July 2019

Mimicry and camouflage are an important protective measure for nudibranch gastropods. In the genus Phyllodesmium, species have evolved elaborate morphological traits that allow them to be very cryptic among their coral prey. In this study, three new species of Phyllodesmium from the Philippine islands are described: Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp., Phyllodesmium pinnatum n. sp., and Phyllodesmium karenae n. sp. The first two, P. tuberculatum and P. pinnatum, are highly cryptic on their prey and were already included in a phylogenetic analysis by Moore & Gosliner (in press). The third species (P. karenae) is newly discovered and has not yet been observed on its prey. A revised morphological phylogenetic analysis is presented that includes this species, as well as three species that were recently described by Burghardt et al. (2008a). In addition, the current analysis excludes a previously presumed new species, which was referred to as Phyllodesmium sp. 3 by Moore & Gosliner (in press), because it was determined to be an abnormally preserved specimen of P. jakobsenae. The newest species, P. karenae, has an unusual dental morphology, no branching of the digestive diverticula, and no zooxanthellae present in the cerata. It fell into the basal part of the phylogeny, as was expected based on previous general trends showing the derived status of symbiotic species. The three species described by Burghardt et al. (2008a), two of which are associated with xeniid corals, appear in a highly unresolved part of the phylogeny including other xeniid-associated species. One of these, P. koehleri, is not associated with xeniid corals but is indistinguishably intermixed within this clade. Decay analysis values for most nodes are low, indicating that support for this topology is lacking. It is recommended that the addition of less ambiguous characters, such as genetic sequences, be considered for further phylogenetic analyses.
From sponges to primates: emendation of 30 species nomina dedicated to the Swedish zoologist Einar Lönnberg
Authors: KOERBER STEFAN
Published: July 2019

In 1891 Axel Johan Einar Lönnberg became a Doctor of Science and a Fellow of Zoology at the University of Uppsala. From 1904 to 1933, he served as head of the Vertebrate Department of the Royal Natural History Museum of Stockholm where after his expeditions around the world he worked the collected material himself. Although he was specialized in ornithology and the fauna of his homecountry Sweden, Lönnberg worked on so many different zoological groups “that since the days of Linnaeus hardly anyone has known so much about so many branches in zoology as Lönnberg” (Anonymous 1943). One of his special interests was to educate his Swedish countrymen about their native animals and he accomplished this during many years as editor and multiple author of the journal Fauna och Flora.
Jinhaku Sonans skipper type collection deposited at Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)
Authors: CHIBA HIDEYUKI , HSU YU-FENG , TSUKIYAMA HIROSHI , LO PHILIP YIK-FUI , CHEN CHIEN-REN , WANG SHOU-MING
Published: July 2019

Of the 12 skipper taxa described by Jinhaku Sonan (1892-1984) from Taiwan and Hainan Island, 2 are recognized as valid species-level names, 4 as valid subspecies-level names, whereas the remaining 6 are considered junior subjective synonyms of other taxa. A revised status is established for a Hainan taxon, Tagiades japetus hainana Sonan, stat. rev., and Polytremis kiraizana (Sonan) is formally confirmed as a species endemic to Taiwan. The valid species-level names are Ochlodes niitakanus (Sonan) and Polytremis kiraizana (Sonan). The valid subspecies-level names are Lobocla bifasciata kodairai Sonan, Pseudocoladenia dan sadakoe Sonan & Mitono, Notocrypta feisthamelii arisana Sonan, and Tagiades japetus hainana Sonan. Tagiades menaka kotoshona Sonan is considered a junior subjective synonym of T. trebellius martinus Plötz, Ampittia maro matsumurai Sonan a junior subjective synonym of Ampittia dioscorides etura Mabille, Parnara kotoshona Sonan a junior subjective synonym of Parnara guttata (Bremer & Grey), Parnara ranrunna Sonan a junior subjective synonym of Caltoris cahira austeni (Moore), Gangara thyrsis hainana Sonan a junior subjective synonym of Gangara thyrsis thyrsis (Fabricius), and Telicota palmarum hainanum Sonan a junior subjective synonym of Cephrenes acalle oceanica (Mabille) in the present study.
A Revision of Mesopodagrion McLachlan, 1896 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Megapodagrionidae)
Authors: YU XIN , BU WENJUN
Published: July 2019

A synopsis of Mesopodagrion including diagnostic illustrations, distribution maps, and keys to all taxa incorporates the following taxonomic changes: Mesopodagrion yachowensis Chao, 1953 is resurrected from synonymy, Mesopodagrion tibetanum McLachlan, 1896 comprises two subspecies, one new M. tibetanum australe and a unique character for the genus, the bifurcate process on distal dorsum of S10 of the male.
Acellular Dermal Matrix Mistaken as Recurrence of Malignancy Following Surgery on Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Seokhwan , Kong Soo-Keun , Bae Seong Hwan , Pak Kyoungjune , Oh Se-Joon
Published: July 2019

Objectives:

To report a rare clinical presentation of an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) used during lateral temporal bone resection mimicking recurrence of cancer of external auditory canal (EAC) on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) 9 months after surgery.

Methods:

Case report and literature review.

Results:

A 71-year-old woman underwent lateral temporal bone resection 9 months earlier for management of squamous cell carcinoma of the EAC. She exhibited recurrence of the tumor on 18F-FDG PET/CT with an intense uptake value (SUVmax 12.8) at the operated site. Exploration was conducted as the location of the lesion was unfavorable to perform biopsy. However, histopathologic evaluation revealed that the lesion was the ADM implanted during surgery.

Conclusions:

Care should be taken when using an ADM during malignant tumor surgery if the site of surgery is not conducive for fine needle aspiration or biopsy.
Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction following Ablative Surgery for Osteoradionecrosis: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Chapchay Katya , Weinberger Jeffrey , Eliashar Ron , Adler Neta
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

Osteoradionecrosis is one of many potentially severe complications of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Osteoradionecrosis of the skull base is life-threatening due to the critical proximity of the pathological process to vital structures, for example, the intracranial cavity, the upper spine, and major blood vessels. Reconstructive options following surgical debridement of the anterior skull base and upper spine osteonecrosis have been scarcely described in the literature.

Case presentation and management:

We present a rare case of osteoradionecrosis of the clivus and cervical vertebrae C1-C2 in a patient previously treated with chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, presenting as severe soft tissue infection of the neck. Aggressive surgical debridement and reconstruction with a two-paddle free anterolateral thigh flap was performed using a combination of transcervical and transnasal endoscopic approaches. A novel endoscopic procedure in the sphenoid sinus enabled flap anchoring in this complex area.

Discussion:

Surgical modalities for osteoradionecrosis of the skull base and upper spine are discussed and review of the literature is presented.

Conclusion:

Reconstruction of the anterior skull base with a well-vascularized free flap following ablative surgery should be considered in management of life-threatening osteoradionecrosis of the area. Endoscopic opening of the sphenoid sinus and creating a funnel-shaped stem is a newly described technique that guarantees precise placement of the flap and is a valuable adjunct to the reconstructive armamentarium.