bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N-(3,5-Dimethylphenyl)-P,P-diphenylphosphinic amide
Authors: Khojandi Niloufar , Rath Nigam P. , Jones Myron W.
Published: August 2018

In the title compound, C20H20NOP, the P atom, with a distorted tetrahedral geometry, is attached to an O atom, two phenyl groups, and a 3,5-dimethylaniline group. The N—P—C [102.29 (12) and 108.97 (12)°] and C—P—C [107.14 (12)°] bond angles are all smaller than the ideal 109.5° tetrahedral bond angle, whereas the O—P—C [113.07 (12) and 110.62 (12)°] and O—P—N [114.24 (13)°] angles are all larger than 109.5°. A weak intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond helps to establish the molecular conformation. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating [001] chains.
3,3′-Dimethyl-1,1′-methylenediimidazolium tetrabromidocobaltate(II)
Authors: Peppel Tim , Spannenberg Anke
Published: August 2018

The title compound, (C9H14N4)[CoBr4], was obtained as single crystals directly in very low yield as a side product in the reaction of 1,1′-bis(1-methylimidazolium)acetate bromide and CoBr2. The title compound consists of an imidazolium-based dication and a tetrabromidocobaltate(II) complex anion, which are connected via C—H...Br interactions in the crystal. The dihedral angle between the imidazolium rings in the cation is 72.89 (16)°. The CoII ion in the anion is coordinated tetrahedrally by four bromide ligands [Co—Br = 2.4025 (5)–2.4091 (5) Å and Br—Co—Br = 106.224 (17)–113.893 (17)°]. The compound exhibits a high melting point (>300°C) and is a light-blue solid under ambient conditions.
Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning: A Critical Application of the 4I Model
Authors: Nielsen Jeppe Agger , Mathiassen Lars , Hansen Anne Mette
Published: August 2018

While it is broadly agreed that managers face tensions between exploration of new possibilities and exploitation of existing certainties, there are open questions related to how they can recognize these tensions and distribute resources between the two forms of learning across time and space. The heavily cited 4I Model made significant progress towards addressing these questions, based on the idea that exploration and exploitation unfold differently across organizational levels, with exploration as feed‐forward from the individual towards the organizational level, and exploitation as feedback from the organizational towards the individual level. The authors’ critical application of the model questions this idea, suggesting that exploration and exploitation unfold through similar patterns from the individual level towards the organizational level with iterative feedback loops. This repositioning of the 4I Model affords a detailed understanding of both exploration and exploitation processes as well as the temporal and spatial interactions between them. To demonstrate the utility of this theorizing and to add new insights to the process literature on organizational learning, the authors rely on a longitudinal case study of how a management team engaged in technology‐enabled strategic renewal in a Danish local government organization.
An Incomplete Victory: The Implications of QT v Director of Immigration for the Protection of Gay Rights in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Kai Yeung
Published: August 2018

QT v Director of Immigration is the most important decision on gay rights in Hong Kong since the unequal ages of consent between heterosexuals and homosexuals were held to be unconstitutional 10 years ago. The Court of Appeal of Hong Kong affirmed the right of same‐sex couples married or in a civil partnership overseas to be treated on an equal basis with married heterosexual couples. This note considers the strengths and shortcomings of the Court of Appeal's reasoning, in terms of its potential significance both to the rights of sexual minorities and to the wider protection of human rights by means of the common law.
ROCK inhibitor enhances the growth and migration of BRAF‐mutant skin melanoma cells
Authors: Chang Fei , Zhang Yunpeng , Mi Jun , Zhou Qian , Bai Fuxiang , Xu Xin , Fisher David E. , Sun Qinfeng , Wu Xunwei
Published: August 2018

Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) plays crucial roles in the proliferation and migration of different types of cells. ROCK inhibitor Y‐27632 was previously reported to inhibit melanoma cell growth, and ROCK signaling was suggested to be a therapeutic target for treating melanoma. However, the negative effect of Y‐27632 on melanoma cells was mainly seen in studies on murine B16 melanoma cells. Here, we reported that ROCK inhibitor actually promoted human melanoma cell growth and migration in vitro. Y‐27632 increased the growth and migration of BRAF‐mutated melanoma cells but had a negative effect on wild‐type melanoma cells or primary melanocytes. We discovered that Y‐27632 enhanced the growth of BRAF‐mutated melanoma cells through increased ATK and ERK activity. The in vivo study further confirmed the in vitro finding. These data suggested that the effect of ROCK inhibitor on melanoma cells is cell‐context dependent, and the application of ROCK inhibitor in the treatment of melanoma requires further study.
Attachment Disorganization in Infancy: A Developmental Precursor to Maladaptive Social Information Processing at Age 8
Authors: Zajac Lindsay , Bookhout Megan K. , Hubbard Julie A. , Carlson Elizabeth A. , Dozier Mary
Published: August 2018

This study examined infant attachment as a predictor of social information processing (SIP) in middle childhood (n = 82) while controlling for parental sensitivity in middle childhood. Attachment quality was assessed using the Strange Situation. Although attachment insecurity did not predict SIP, attachment disorganization positively predicted the early SIP steps of hostile attributional bias and aggressive goals. Children with disorganized attachments interpreted ambiguous provocations more negatively (as indicating more hostility, rejection, and disrespect and as resulting in more anger) and endorsed significantly more revenge and dominance goals than children with organized attachments. In contrast, parental sensitivity negatively predicted the later SIP step of positive expectations for aggressive responses. Results further our understanding of the adverse outcomes associated with attachment disorganization.
Retinal imaging including optical coherence tomography angiography for detecting active choroidal neovascularization in pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Authors: Birtel Johannes , Lindner Moritz , Mishra Divyansh K. , Müller Philipp L. , Hendig Doris , Herrmann Philipp , Holz Frank G. , Fleckenstein Monika , Gliem Martin , Charbel Issa Peter
Published: August 2018

Importance

The diagnostic accuracy of different retinal imaging modalities to detect active choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is essential to enable a correct diagnosis but is currently poorly understood.

Background

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA) and OCT angiography (OCT‐A) are employed in daily practice, but a systematic comparison of these imaging techniques is lacking.

Design

Retrospective, observational study.

Participants

Twenty patients (31 eyes) with PXE.

Methods

OCT, FA and OCT‐A imaging was performed in each eye and graded separately by independent readers.

Main Outcome Measures

Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity to detect CNV‐activity of each modality and longitudinal change of CNV size measured by OCT‐A.

Results

OCT showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (kappa = 0.57) in comparison to OCT‐A or FA (kappa = 0.39 and 0.37, respectively). OCT‐A, OCT and FA showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.9, 0.85 and 0.6, and a diagnostic specificity of 0.45, 0.72 and 0.82, respectively. Evaluation of longitudinal OCT recordings (24 eyes) resulted in optimal sensitivity and specificity (kappa = 1.0). Although median CNV size assessed using OCT‐A remained stable on longitudinal measures of seven eyes, two eyes showed a distinct increase over time despite anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor treatment.

Conclusions and Relevance

The systematic use of OCT, FA and OCT‐A imaging can facilitate the diagnostic accuracy for detection and follow‐up of CNV activity in PXE. While structural OCT is of high value, especially when longitudinal follow‐up images are available, FA and OCT‐A data might contribute to diagnostic accuracy in more complex cases.
Does intraoperative perforation of Schneiderian membrane during sinus lift surgery causes an increased the risk of implants failure?: A systematic review and meta regression analysis
Authors: Al‐Moraissi Essam , Elsharkawy Ahmed , Abotaleb Bassam , Alkebsi Khaled , Al‐Motwakel Hamza
Published: August 2018

Purpose

There is still debate whether intraoperative Schneiderian membrane (SM) perforation in the maxillary sinus lift causes an increase the risk of implants failure. The aim of this study was to assess an association between SM perforation and implants loss following the maxillary sinus lift.

Materials and methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical studies assessing association between SM perforation and implants failure based on PRISMA was conducted. Three major databases were used to gather research dating from their respective inception up until March 2018. All clinical studies expressly reported the number of the SM perforation and implants loss that installed in the perforated and nonperforated sinuses were included. The statistical analyses used were Pearson's correlation, simple linear regression, and meta regression. The risk ratio (RR) of implant loss between perforated and nonperforated sites was estimated.

Results

A total of 2947 patients with 3884 maxillary sinuses augmentations who received 7358 implants, enrolled in 58 studies were included in this study. There was a significant relationship between the implants' failure and SM perforation according to simple linear regression (P < .001) and meta regression analysis (P = .06). There was a significant decrease (moderate quality evidence) in implant loss in the nonperforated sinuses compared to perforated sunrises (RR = 2.17, CI: 1.52‐3.10, P = .001). There was also no significant association between implant loss in the perforated sinuses and the surgical devices used (piezosurgical or rotary), surgical approach applied (lateral or crestal sinus lift), barrier membrane used and type of bone grafting materials.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that an intraoperative SM perforation could increase the risk of implant failure after the sinus lift surgery.
Bapx1 is required for jaw joint development in amphibians
Authors: Lukas Paul , Olsson Lennart
Published: August 2018

The acquisition of a movable jaw and a jaw joint are key events in gnathostome evolution. Jaws are derived from the neural crest derived pharyngeal skeleton and the transition from jawless to jawed vertebrates consists of major morphological changes, which must have a genetic foundation. Recent studies on the effects of bapx1 knockdown in fish and chicken indicate that bapx1 has acquired such a role in primary jaw joint development during vertebrate evolution, but evidence from amphibians is missing so far. In the present study, we use Ambystoma mexicanum, Bombina orientalis, and Xenopus laevis to investigate the effects of bapx1 knockdown on the development of these three different amphibians. Using morpholinos we downregulated the expression of bapx1 and obtain morphants with altered mandibular arch morphology. In the absence of bapx1 Meckeĺs cartilage and the palatoquadrate jaw joint initially develop separately but during further development the joint cavity between both fills with chondrocytes. This results in the fusion of both cartilages and the loss of the jaw joint. Despite this the jaw itself remains usable for feeding and breathing. We show that bapx1 plays a role in jaw joint maintenance during development and that the morphants morphology possibly mirrors the morphology of the jawless ancestors of the gnathostomes.
Competition and collaboration between public and private sectors: the historical construction of the Spanish hospital system, 1942–86
Authors: Vilar‐Rodríguez Margarita , Pons‐Pons Jerònia
Published: August 2018

Throughout history, healthcare, along with diet, has been an essential component of life and a country's welfare. In particular, a country's hospital system is a key indicator for analysing the level of welfare achieved by health coverage. From an economic history perspective, the study of hospital systems is relevant since they stem from public and private investment and produce positive externalities by creating employment and stimulating other economic sectors such as construction and health. Spain provides a significant case study for determining the factors of backwardness in the construction of a modern hospital system in a country on the European periphery. Moreover, it also helps us understand how, despite initial obstacles, this system had attained a significant degree of quality by the end of the twentieth century, as confirmed by its current international hospital rankings and even by the phenomenon of health tourism. The study analyses the creation of the Spanish hospital system during Franco's dictatorship and the transition to democracy. It reveals how the maintenance of a regressive tax system, the use of health policy as political propaganda, and disputes within the political elite of the dictatorship led to an inadequate and fragmented public hospital system, which had to collaborate with the private hospital system, was full of financial holes and tainted by corruption, and remained at the service of privileged groups.
One device does not fit all: Limited results of using a Sort‐X grid in the multi‐species trawl fishery in the Gulf of Cádiz
Authors: Gamaza MariÁngeles , Fonseca Paulo , Campos Aida , Erzini Karim , Sobrino Ignacio
Published: August 2018

A Sort‐X grid device with four different bar‐spacing grids (25, 30, 40 and 50 mm) was tested in the Gulf of Cádiz (GoC) on‐board commercial trawlers. A total of 83 fish, five crustacean and nine cephalopods species were sampled in 282 hauls. Most of the target and commercial bycatch species were sorted out by the grid with the exception of hake. Merluccius merluccius (L.). Additionally, common pandora, Pagellus erythrinus (L.), sardine, Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum), octopus, Octopus vulgaris Lamark, and cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis L., also showed a sizeable retention for some of the grid bar spacing. Statistical modelling of selectivity at length for hake found influence of depth on the selection parameters. Lengths at 50% retention for hake were estimated to be 27.4, 30.3, 36.3 and 42.3 cm TL for 25–50 mm bar spacing, respectively, all above the minimum conservation reference size (MCRS) in the GoC. The probability of hake contacting the grid was estimated as 0.95. Overall, although the selective device showed a good performance for hake, it is not appropriate for improving the fishing pattern of a multi‐species trawl fishery such as that of the GoC.
Clinical features and outcomes in patients with elderly‐onset anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis
Authors: Sato Shuzo , Yashiro Makiko , Matsuoka Naoki , Asano Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Hiroko , Watanabe Hiroshi , Migita Kiyoshi
Published: August 2018

Aim

Anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis (AAV) is commonly seen in older patients. The present study intended to clarify whether elderly‐onset AAV (at age ≥75 years) shows any specific clinical features and outcomes in Japanese patients.

Methods

This study was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 36 AAV patients who were initially treated at the Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University Hospital (Fukushima, Japan) between 2004 and 2016 were included. AAV patients were divided into an elderly group (≥75 years) and a younger group (<75 years), and their clinical records were reviewed.

Results

Elderly AAV patients showed similar clinical features to younger AAV patients, except that they were more often women, weighed less, had an increased frequency of kidney involvement and had lower serum ferritin levels. Kaplan–Meier analyses showed significantly lower 1‐year survival in elderly AAV (P =0.008) as well as AAV patients enrolled not receiving additional immunosuppressive treatment (P =0.023). The cause of death was disease progression itself or infection.

Conclusions

The clinical features of AAV are similar between elderly and younger patients, except for increased kidney involvement and lower serum ferritin levels. Proper monitoring of the disease and adverse events, and providing conventional immunosuppressive therapy is suggested to avoid a poor outcome, especially in elderly AAV patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1453–1457.
LATE CAREER JOB LOSS AND THE DECISION TO RETIRE
Authors: Merkurieva Irina
Published: August 2018

This article provides an empirical analysis of the effect of involuntary job loss on the lifetime income and labor supply of older workers. I develop and estimate a dynamic programming model of retirement with savings, costly job search, and exogenous layoffs. The average cost of job loss is equivalent to one year of predisplacement earnings, 70% due to the wage reduction and 30% to the search frictions. Displaced workers on average retire 14 months earlier. Workers who approached retirement during the Great Recession will work approximately five months longer in response to the contemporaneous financial and labor market shocks.
Self‐care of patient and caregiver DyAds in multiple chronic conditions: A LongITudinal studY (SODALITY) protocol
Authors: De Maria Maddalena , Vellone Ercole , Ausili Davide , Alvaro Rosaria , Di Mauro Stefania , Piredda Michela , De Marinis Mariagrazia , Matarese Maria
Published: August 2018

Aim

To describe a research protocol for a study designed to examine self‐care in patient and caregiver dyads in coping with multiple chronic conditions, to evaluate the influence of dyad self‐care on: (a) patient mortality, quality of life, hospital admissions, and the unplanned access of care; and (b) the positive aspects of caregiving. The specific conceptual framework that we developed for this study considers the predictors of self‐care (at patient, caregiver, and dyadic levels), the process of self‐care and the outcomes of self‐care in patient and caregiver dyads with multiple chronic conditions. These elements in patient and caregiver dyads have not been well‐studied to date.

Design

This is a multicentre longitudinal study with data collection at 0, 6, and 12 months.

Methods

We will use generic and specific tools to assess the predictors of self‐care, the process of self‐care and the outcomes of self‐care in the dyads. The data will be analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics and multilevel modelling to control for the interdependent nature of dyadic data. The study was approved by an ethics committee and was funded by a grant from the Centre of Excellence for Nursing Scholarship Rome, in November 2015.

Discussion

This study seeks to determine the predictors and outcomes of self‐care in patient and caregiver dyads within the context of multiple chronic conditions.

Impact

The results of this study will inform clinical practice and research by identifying variables that are modifiable and therefore amenable to interventions.
Key components of knowledge transfer and exchange in health services research: Findings from a systematic scoping review
Authors: Prihodova Lucia , Guerin Suzanne , Tunney Conall , Kernohan W. George
Published: August 2018

Aims

To identify the key common components of knowledge transfer and exchange in existing models to facilitate practice developments in health services research.

Background

There are over 60 models of knowledge transfer and exchange designed for various areas of health care. Many of them remain untested and lack guidelines for scaling‐up of successful implementation of research findings and of proven models ensuring that patients have access to optimal health care, guided by current research.

Design

A scoping review was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines. Key components of knowledge transfer and exchange were identified using thematic analysis and frequency counts.

Data Sources

Six electronic databases were searched for papers published before January 2015 containing four key terms/variants: knowledge, transfer, framework, health care.

Review Methods

Double screening, extraction and coding of the data using thematic analysis were employed to ensure rigour. As further validation stakeholders’ consultation of the findings was performed to ensure accessibility.

Results

Of the 4,288 abstracts, 294 full‐text articles were screened, with 79 articles analysed. Six key components emerged: knowledge transfer and exchange message, Stakeholders and Process components often appeared together, while from two contextual components Inner Context and the wider Social, Cultural and Economic Context, with the wider context less frequently considered. Finally, there was little consideration of the Evaluation of knowledge transfer and exchange activities. In addition, specific operational elements of each component were identified.

Conclusions

The six components offer the basis for knowledge transfer and exchange activities, enabling researchers to more effectively share their work. Further research exploring the potential contribution of the interactions of the components is recommended.
Long‐term outcomes of catheter ablation in patients with longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation lasting less than 2 years
Authors: Della Rocca Domenico G. , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Mohanty Prasant , Trivedi Chintan , Gianni Carola , Al‐Ahmad Amin , Burkhardt J. David , Gallinghouse G. Joseph , Hranitzky Patrick , Sanchez Javier E. , Horton Rodney P. , Di Biase Luigi , Natale Andrea
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Outcome data after catheter ablation (CA) for longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation (LSPAF) lasting less than 2 years are limited and highly variable with different ablation approaches. We aimed to assess the long‐term outcomes in patients with LSPAF lasting less than 2 years undergoing extended pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI) versus those with additional non‐pulmonary vein (PV) trigger ablation.

Methods and Results

In this prospective analysis, 381 consecutive patients with LSPAF lasting less than 2 years (age: 64 ± 9 years, 76% male, atrial fibrillation duration: 19 ± 5 months) undergoing their first CA were classified into two groups: Group 1 (n = 104) received PVAI extended to PW plus isolation of superior vena cava (SVC) and Group 2 (
n = 277) received PVAI + PW + SVC + non‐PV–trigger ablation. All patients were followed‐up for at least 2 years. In case of recurrence, repeat procedure was offered and non‐PV triggers were targeted for ablation in all.

After a single procedure, 26 (25%) patients in Group 1 and 172 (62.1%) in Group 2 remained arrhythmia‐free (P < 0.001). A second procedure was performed in 58 of 78 (74.4%) patients in Group 1 and 77 of 105 (73.3%) patients in Group 2. Non‐PV triggers were identified in 52 (89.6%) and 54 (70.1%) patients in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, and targeted for ablation. Overall, 72 (69.2%) patients in Group 1 and 238 (86%) in Group 2 remained arrhythmia‐free (
P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In patients with LSPAF lasting less than 2 years, extended PVAI plus SVC isolation was less likely to achieve long‐term sinus rhythm. In the majority of patients, recurrence was due to non‐PV triggers and ablation of those resulted in better outcome.
Health‐related quality of life impact of a transcatheter pacing system
Authors: Tjong Fleur V. Y. , Beurskens Niek E. G. , de Groot Joris R. , Waweru Catherine , Liu Shufeng , Ritter Philippe , Reynolds Dwight , Wilde Arthur A. M. , Knops Reinoud E. ,   For the Micra Investigators
Published: August 2018

Background

Transcatheter pacing systems (TPS) provide a novel, minimally invasive approach in which a miniaturized, leadless pacemaker (PM) is transfemorally implanted in the right ventricle. We evaluated the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) impact, patient satisfaction, and activity restrictions following TPS in a large prospective multicenter clinical trial.

Methods and Results

Patients who underwent a Micra TPS implantation between December 2013 and May 2015 were included. HRQoL impact was evaluated using the Short‐Form‐36 (SF‐36) questionnaire at baseline, 3, and 12 months. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a three‐item questionnaire determining recovery, activity level, and esthetic appearance at 3 months. Implanting physicians compared the patient activity restrictions for TPS to traditional PM therapy. A total of 720 patients were implanted with a TPS (76 ± 11 years; 59% male). Of these patients, 702 (98%), 681 (95%), and 635 (88%) completed the SF‐36 at baseline, 3 and 12 months, respectively. Improvements were observed at 3 and 12 months in all SF‐36 domains and all attained statistical significance. Of 693 patients who completed the patient satisfaction questionnaire, 96%, 91%, 74% were (very) satisfied with their esthetic appearance, recovery, and level of activity, respectively. TPS discharge instructions were rated less restrictive in 49%, equally restrictive in 47%, and more restrictive in 4% of cases compared with traditional PM systems.

Conclusions

TPS resulted in postimplant HRQoL improvements at 3 and 12 months, and high levels of patient satisfaction at 3 months. Further, TPS was associated with less activity restrictions compared with traditional PM systems.
Health beliefs and behaviours of families towards the health needs of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Lamptey D.‐L.
Published: August 2018

Background

This paper explored the health beliefs and behaviours of families towards the health needs of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in Accra, Ghana. The aim was to inform health promotion strategies for the children and their families.

Method

Twenty‐two parents of children with IDD participated in this study. Semi‐structured interviews were the primary means of data collection. The interviews were analysed using constant comparison.

Results

The signs that alerted the parents that the children might be ill included high temperature, vomiting and excessive sleep. The parents explained that some children expressed feelings of ill‐health through verbal or non‐verbal communication. Most of the parents self‐prescribed medication for the children or waited for symptoms to persist for a while before accessing health care because they experienced difficulties managing the behavioural challenges associated with the IDD of the children in public and attitudinal barriers when accessing health care. The parents did not often patronise health facilities in their neighbourhoods due to private health insurance requirements for accessing care at designated facilities, poor confidence in neighbourhood facilities and long‐term established relationships with facilities elsewhere. Further, many parents did not patronise religious interventions for the children. However, some parents explained that in addition to seeking medical care to address the physical symptoms of the children's disabilities and/or illnesses, they sought religious interventions because they believed that there could be a spiritual dimension to the situation.

Conclusion

The findings highlight key areas to address in health promotion for children with IDD and their families in Accra, Ghana.
Evaluation of patient and staff exposure with state of the art X‐ray technology in cardiac catheterization: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Buytaert Dimitri , Eloot Liesbeth , Mauti Maria , Drieghe Benny , Gheeraert Peter , Taeymans Yves , Bacher Klaus
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Cardiac catheterization procedures result in high patient radiation exposure and corresponding staff doses are reported to be among the highest for medical staff. The purpose of current randomized controlled study was to quantify the potential radiation dose reduction for both patient and staff, enabled by recent X‐ray technology. This technology is equipped with advanced image processing algorithms, real‐time dose monitoring, and an acquisition chain optimized for cardiac catheterization applications.

Methods

A total of 122 adult patients were randomly assigned to one of two cath labs, either the reference X‐ray modality (Allura Xper FD10, Philips Healthcare, the Netherlands) or the new X‐ray system (AlluraClarity FD20/10 Philips Healthcare, the Netherlands). Exposure parameters and staff dosimeter readings were recorded for each exposure. Technical measurements were performed to define the radiation scatter behavior.

Results

With the newer equipment, patient radiation dose is reduced (as total dose‐area product) by 67% based on geometric means with 95%CI of 53%, 77% for diagnostic and interventional procedures. The C‐arm and leg dosimeter readings were both reduced with 65% (P < 0.001), while for the collar and chest dosimeter readings no statistically significant reduction was noticed.

Conclusion

The new x‐ray and image processing technology, significantly reduces patient dose in coronary angiographies, and PCIs by 67%. In general, scatter dose was also reduced, yet for some dosimeters the reduction was limited and not statistically significant. This study clearly indicates that the scatter behavior is highly dependent on C‐arm rotation, operator movement and height, dosimeter position, beam filtration, clinical procedure type and system geometry.
Does inguinal hernia repair affect uroflowmetric parameters? A prospective controlled clinical trial
Authors: Unal Yilmaz , Kilinc Muhammet Fatih
Published: August 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in uroflowmetric values of male patients following elective inguinal hernia repair.

Methods

The study group comprised patients treated with open or laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Patients who underwent surgery due to various diseases such as cataract, multinodular goiter, choledocholithiasis, thyroid and breast cancer, hydrocele, or spermatocele were recruited to the control group. Perioperative characteristics, including pain assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), uroflowmetric values, and post‐void residual urine volumes (PVR), were recorded preoperatively and on Postoperative Days (POD) 1 and 30. Uroflowmetry, VAS, and PVR values were also recorded for the control group on Study Days 1, 3, and 30.

Results

There were 103 subjects in this study (52 treated with elective inguinal hernia repair in the study group, 51 in the control group). Preoperative VAS, maximum and average flow rate, and PVR were similar in the 2 groups (P > .05 for all), whereas comparisons of these 3 factors on POD 1 revealed significant differences (P < .001 for all). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that preoperative maximum and POD 1 VAS values of patients who underwent elective inguinal hernia repair could significantly predict acute urinary retention or voiding dysfunction (P = .001 for all).

Conclusion

Postoperative pain affect parameters and cause urinary retention after open or laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.
Are false implicatures lies? An empirical investigation
Authors: Weissman Benjamin , Terkourafi Marina
Published: August 2018

Lies are typically defined as believed falsehoods asserted with the intention of deceiving the hearer. A particularly problematic case for this definition is that of false implicatures. These are prototypically cases where the proposition expressed by the speaker's utterance is true, yet an implicature conveyed by this proposition in context is false. However, implicature is a diverse category and whether a blanket statement such as “false implicatures are lies,” as some have argued can account for all of them is open to investigation. We present an experimental investigation of whether naïve participants define different types of implicatures as lies. Our results show that only a couple of types of implicatures were strongly rated as lies by participants. These results suggest that participants distinguish between different types of communicated meanings on linguistic grounds, contributing both to the literature on lying, as well as to theoretical discussions of how different types of meaning are communicated.
The Contemporary Presidency: Digital Resources to Support Quantitative Scholarship in Presidential Studies
Authors: Deluca Lisa , Pallitto Robert
Published: August 2018

With the increase in digitized content available, new presidential research avails itself to more quantitative analysis. More digitized resources from government agencies and private and university repositories allow presidential scholars access to a broader universe of content. Data for analysis include digitized documents, oral histories, and data sets. Presidential scholars and researchers have the option to collaborate with programmers, computer scientists, and graduate students to become acquainted with current repositories and experiment with new technologies such as text mining and the R programming language.
The Law: The Promises and Pathologies of Presidential Federalism
Authors: Jacobs Nicholas F. , Ewing Connor M.
Published: August 2018

State and local politics have dominated the first year of Donald Trump's presidency. Despite promises to reinvigorate states' rights both before and after his campaign, Trump has used the administrative powers of the modern presidency to pursue his policy agenda at the subnational level. From waiving certain provisions of federal programs, to filing lawsuits against states and localities, Trump has taken advantage of the opportunities crafted by his predecessors to use subnational politics for the presidency's own ends. We place these nascent developments in historical and theoretical context to suggest that “presidential federalism” at once signifies the continued strength and relevance of subnational governance, while providing occasions for further administrative aggrandizement. Trump, despite remaining highly unconventional in a number of ways, might further reinforce the presidency's centrality to modern American federalism.
Female leaders and gender gaps within the firm: Evidence from three Sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: La Mattina Giulia , Picone Gabriel , Ahoure Alban , Kimou Jose Carlos
Published: August 2018

We study the association between the gender of the highest‐ranking manager (the CEO) and gender differences in employees’ outcomes using detailed linked employer–employee data from the formal sector in Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, and Senegal. Our empirical strategy relies on the inclusion of firm fixed effects and workers’ characteristics. Our results point toward a negative correlation between female CEOs and the relative wages and job satisfaction of female employees. However, female employees working under a female CEO who owns the firm are not paid less than their male colleagues.
Role of donor HLA class I mismatch, KIR‐ligand mismatch and HLA:KIR pairings in hematological malignancy relapse after unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Graczyk‐Pol Elzbieta , Rogatko‐Koros Marta , Nestorowicz Klaudia , Gwozdowicz Slawomir , Mika‐Witkowska Renata , Pawliczak Daria , Zubala Marta , Szlendak Urszula , Witkowska Agnieszka , Tomaszewska Agnieszka , Nasilowska‐Adamska Barbara , Szczepinski Andrzej , Wojcik Michal , Halaburda Kazimierz , Nowak Jacek
Published: August 2018

HLA are functional in cancer immunosurveillance in adaptive and innate immunity pathways. In unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in 688 patients with hematological malignancies we compared antitumor efficacy of transplant in three models including the level of: (a) donor‐recipient HLA class I mismatch, (b) KIR‐ligand mismatch, (c) post‐transplant cognate HLA:KIR pairing. The effects were directly compared in multivariate models with backward elimination including all three effects in initial model. In final multivariate model HLA mismatch and KIR‐ligand mismatch levels were eliminated and HLA:KIR‐dependent NK cell licensing effect remained independent prognostic factor for DFS, relapse/progression incidence, and overall survival (OS). These results suggested that NK cell licensing via cognate HLA:KIR pairs is primarily functional in cancer immunosurveillance in HSCT.
Assessing the sustainability of external imbalances in the European Union
Authors: Afonso António , Huart Florence , Jalles João Tovar , Stanek Piotr
Published: August 2018

We assess the sustainability of the current account (CA) balance, net international investment position (NIIP) and net external debt (NED) in a sample of 22 EU countries using two complementary approaches. First, we employ time‐series stationarity tests of current account balance‐to‐GDP ratios as well as cointegration tests of exports and imports of goods and services. Second, we assess the level of trade balance that stabilises the NIIP and the NED. We find that there is sustainability of the CA balance in eight countries, NIIP in five countries and NED in 10 countries, whereas there is evidence of a lack of sustainability in five debtor nations and three creditor nations. Both approaches are consistent with each other given the relationship between flows and stocks, the existence of structural breaks, and valuation effects via exchange rate and interest rate changes.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Willianms Ellery
Published: August 2018

Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 3 Abdul-Kahar Adam, University of Education, Winneba, GhanaAthina Qendro, Robert Gordon University, UKChrister Thörnqvist, University of Skövde, SwedenDereje Teklemariam Gebremeskel, Gent University, BelgiumFlorin Peci, University of Peja, KosovoFouad Jawab, Universite Sidi Mohamed Ben, MoroccoFuLi Zhou, Chongqing University, ChinaGabriela O. Chiciudean, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaGongyan Yang, Liaoning University, ChinaHung-Che Wu, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, ChinaIulia Cristina Muresan, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaJayalakshmy Ramachandran, Multimedia University, MalaysiaMarica Ion Dumitrasco, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaMichael Okoche, University of South Africa, UgandaMike Rayner, University of Portsmouth, UKMohammad Soliman, Fayoum University, EgyptMythili Kolluru, College of Banking and Financial Studies, OmanOksana Seroka, Technical University of Czestochowa, PolandOmbretta Caldarice, Politecnico di Milano, ItalyOzgur Demirtas, Inonu University, TurkeyRegina Lenart, Jagiellonian University, PolandRocsana Tonis, Spiru Haret University, RomaniaXhavit Islami, University of Prishtina, KosovoZeki Atıl Bulut, Dokuz Eylul University, TurkeyZoran Mastilo, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Ellery WillianmsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Business and Management StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://bms.redfame.com
Performance Leadership and Management in Elite Sport: A Black and White Issue or Different Shades of Grey?
Authors: Arnold Rachel , Fletcher David , Hobson Jennifer A.
Published: August 2018

In this study, the authors interviewed Olympic athletes about their perceptions of their leaders and managers, with a particular focus on perceptions of negatively valenced and socially undesirable characteristics and their effects. The results highlight five main dark characteristics: self-focused, haughty self-belief, inauthentic, manipulative, and success-obsessed. The findings also indicate negative effects of such characteristics (viz., performance and career threats, affected confidence, pressure and anxiety, and a lack of support) and positive effects of such characteristics (viz., motivation, resilience and coping skills, opportunities, and learning and awareness). Hence, it appears that not only are leaders and managers’ personalities “different shades of grey” but also the effects they have are too. The findings are discussed in relation to previous pertinent research, and with regard to their implications for policy development and future research.
Toward digitally controlled catalyst architectures: Hierarchical nanoporous gold via 3D printing
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Qi Zhen , Beck Victor A. , Luneau Mathilde , Lattimer Judith , Chen Wen , Worsley Marcus A. , Ye Jianchao , Duoss Eric B. , Spadaccini Christopher M. , Friend Cynthia M. , Biener Juergen
Published: August 2018

Digitally controlled catalyst architectures via 3D printing potentially revolutionize the design of chemical plants.
Robust optical polarization of nuclear spin baths using Hamiltonian engineering of nitrogen-vacancy center quantum dynamics
Authors: Schwartz Ilai , Scheuer Jochen , Tratzmiller Benedikt , Müller Samuel , Chen Qiong , Dhand Ish , Wang Zhen-Yu , Müller Christoph , Naydenov Boris , Jelezko Fedor , Plenio Martin B.
Published: August 2018

A robust and fast principle of optical hyperpolarization is proposed and demonstrated by using NV centers experimentally.
Conundrum of mechanical knee symptoms: signifying feature of a meniscal tear?
Authors: Thorlund Jonas Bloch , Pihl Kenneth , Nissen Nis , Jørgensen Uffe , Fristed Jakob Vium , Lohmander L Stefan , Englund Martin
Published: August 2018

Background

Mechanical knee symptoms are often considered important in the decision to perform knee arthroscopy on the suspicion of a meniscal tear. We investigated if presence of a meniscal tear at knee arthroscopy in adults is associated with presence of preoperative self-reported mechanical knee symptoms.

Methods

We used data from Knee Arthroscopy Cohort Southern Denmark (KACS). KACS consists of patients aged 18 years or older referred to knee arthroscopy on the suspicion of a meniscal tear at four recruiting hospitals between 1 February 2013 and 31 January 2015. Of 1259 invited patients, 908 (72%) replied to the baseline questionnaire. With 91 patients excluded, the study sample consisted of 641 and 176 patientswithandwithouta meniscal tear confirmed at surgery, respectively. Exposure was meniscal tear as determined by the knee surgeon during arthroscopy. Main outcomes were preoperative mechanical knee symptoms defined as self-reported catching/locking or self-reported inability to straighten knee fully.

Results

55% of all patients reported symptoms of catching/locking and 47% were unable to straighten their knee fully. Preoperative mechanical symptoms were equally prevalent in patientswithandwithouta meniscal tear (prevalence ratio catching/locking 0.89, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.03, and inability to straighten knee fully, prevalence ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.23).

Interpretation

Patient-reported mechanical symptoms were equally common irrespective of presence or absence of a meniscal tear in patients undergoing arthroscopy for suspicion of a meniscal tear. Our findings suggest that mechanical knee symptoms have a limited value when considering indication for meniscal surgery.

Trial registration number

NCT01871272; Results.
Population-level analysis of Blastocystis subtype prevalence and variation in the human gut microbiota
Authors: Tito Raul Y , Chaffron Samuel , Caenepeel Clara , Lima-Mendez Gipsi , Wang Jun , Vieira-Silva Sara , Falony Gwen , Hildebrand Falk , Darzi Youssef , Rymenans Leen , Verspecht Chloë , Bork Peer , Vermeire Severine , Joossens Marie , Raes Jeroen
Published: August 2018

Objective

Human gut microbiome studies are mainly bacteria- and archaea-oriented, overlooking the presence of single-cell eukaryotes such as Blastocystis, an enteric stramenopiles with worldwide distribution. Here, we surveyed the prevalence and subtype variation of Blastocystis in faecal samples collected as part of the Flemish Gut Flora Project (FGFP), a Western population cohort. We assessed potential links between Blastocystis subtypes and identified microbiota–host covariates and quantified microbiota differentiation relative to subtype abundances.

Design

We profiled stool samples from 616 healthy individuals from the FGFP cohort as well as 107 patients with IBD using amplicon sequencing targeting the V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes. We evaluated associations of Blastocystis, and their subtypes, with host parameters, diversity and composition of bacterial and archaeal communities.

Results

Blastocystis prevalence in the non-clinical population cohort was 30% compared with 4% among Flemish patients with IBD. Within the FGFP cohort, out of 69 previously identified gut microbiota covariates, only age was associated with Blastocystis subtype carrier status. In contrast, a strong association between microbiota community composition and Blastocystis subtypes was observed, with effect sizes larger than that of host covariates. Microbial richness and diversity were linked to both Blastocystis prevalence and subtype variation. All Blastocystis subtypes detected in this cohort were found to be less prevalent in Bacteroides enterotyped samples. Interestingly, Blastocystis subtypes 3 and 4 were inversely correlated with Akkermansia, suggesting differential associations of subtypes with host health.

Conclusions

These results emphasise the role of Blastocystis as a common constituent of the healthy gut microbiota. We show its prevalence is reduced in patients with active IBD and demonstrate that subtype characterisation is essential for assessing the relationship between Blastocystis, microbiota profile and host health. These findings have direct clinical applications, especially in donor selection for faecal transplantation.
Designing a veterinary practice
Authors: Turner Neil
Published: August 2018

To operate a veterinary practice you are going to need facilities such as treatment rooms, recovery rooms, administration space and waiting areas. You will also require a range of specialist equipment to ensure that you can deliver the best treatment and level of care to your patients. Here, architect Neil Turner provides advice on how to design a healthcare facility for the treatment of animals.
Comments on the dilemma in the July/August issue: A night at the races
Authors: Fawcett Anne , Brown Richard
Published: August 2018

In the dilemma discussed in the July/August issue of In Practice, David Williams described a scenario where you, as a newly qualified vet, are asked to officiate at a greyhound track in place of the senior partner at the practice. One dog you check is clearly lame and you advise the owner that it shouldn’t race. The owner takes the dog for a ‘walk’ while you examine the other dogs and when he returns the dog is no longer lame and goes on to win the race. You suspect the dog was given a prohibited anti‐inflammatory injection (IP, July/August 2018, vol 40, pp 262‐263). What do you do?