bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Enseñanza y Aprendizaje del Español para Fines Específicos en Brasil: algunas contribuciones (a modo de presentación)
Authors: Roder Carmona-Ramires Andréia , Nadin Odair Luiz
Published: June 2023

La Enseñanza y el Aprendizaje de Lenguas para Fines Específicos es un abordaje especialmente elaborado para el trabajo en el aula a partir de las necesidades particulares de cada aprendiz o grupos de aprendices respecto a los usos de las lenguas en contextos especializados. En este artículo, primeramente, presentamos un panorama de la historia de esa modalidad de enseñanza desde su surgimiento hasta la actualidad. Además, presentamos los trabajos que forman parte de este dossier que está compuesto por estudios desarrollados por investigadoras brasileñas en el área de enseñanza de la lengua española para fines específicos, en diferentes ámbitos de actuación. De esta manera, esperamos que este dossier pueda fomentar más investigaciones con el objetivo de “hacer grande” la Enseñanza de Español para Fines Específicos en Brasil.
“Os rios, os peixes, as matas, estão pedindo socorro”: Davi Kopenawa y las soberanías Yanomami en el Programa de Índio
Authors: Elguera Christian
Published: June 2023

En este trabajo propongo la noción de soberanías Yanomami basado en las intervenciones de Davi Kopenawa en el Programa de Índio, show radiofónico organizado por la União das Nações Indígenas (UNI), entre 1980 y 1990. Estas soberanías se caracterizan, en primer lugar, por exigir al gobierno la demarcación y protección de territorios indígenas para así evitar las invasiones de los garimpeiros. Asimismo, esta lucha implicó la producción de redes con diversos actores sociales, desde líderes indígenas hasta aliados transnacionales. Finalmente, Kopenawa buscó promover la soberanía de los conocimientos y prácticas ancestrales de su pueblo en la esfera pública brasileña. En este sentido, Kopenawa forjó alianzas con el Programa de Índio, entre 1980 y 1990, para configurar soberanías territoriales, interdependientes y onto-epistémicas desde una perspectiva Yanomami.
Inmunología en el diagnóstico, patogénesis, tratamiento y prevención por las vacunas contra el COVID-19
Authors: Barral Aldina , Barral-Netto Manoel
Published: June 2023

La pandemia de COVID-19, causada por el SARS-CoV-2, puso de relieve los riesgos, cada vez más frecuentes, de los cambios significativos en la Tierra. Tanto el calentamiento global, al alterar los ecosistemas, como el aumento de la movilidad, promoviendo un contacto rápido y regular entre poblaciones de diferentes regiones, están implicados en la aparición de brotes epidémicos y pandemias. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, la ciencia jugó un papel destacado en varios campos. La biología permitió el rápido conocimiento del SARS-CoV-2 y la epidemiología el estudio de los patrones de transmisión de virus y propagación de la infección. Las matemáticas y la física aportaron la elaboración de modelos para predecir la evolución de la enfermedad y el impacto de las medidas de contención no farmacológicas, e. g. Las múltiples especialidades de las ciencias de la salud, como la medicina, la fisioterapia, o la enfermería, entre otras, también desempeñaron un papel evidente. En este texto, destacamos la contribución de la inmunología a través de su papel en los campos del diagnóstico, la comprensión de los mecanismos de la enfermedad, que conducen a métodos de tratamiento más eficientes, y el desarrollo de vacunas capaces de proteger contra el COVID-19.
Multimodal Endoscopic Management of Esophageal Perforations as a Complication of Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy for a Zenker's Diverticulum
Authors: Daza Castro Erlison Mauricio , Fuentes Carlos Fernando , Córdoba Guzmán Andrea Carolina , Aponte Diego , Rocha José Nicolás , González Carlos , Sabbagh Luis Carlos
Published: June 2023

Zenker's diverticulum develops because of a weakness in Killian's triangle, leading to a mucosal and submucosal herniation. Its treatment has evolved from morbid surgical interventions to safer endoscopic techniques such as peroral endoscopic myotomy (Z-POEM). Despite being a safe technique, Z-POEM is not free of complications such as perforations, bleeding, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumothorax, for which new endoscopic techniques have been developed. We present the case of a 53-year-old man taken to a Z-POEM who postoperatively presented dehiscence of the mucosotomy and a mediastinal collection, managed with a vacuum-assisted endoscopic closure device.
Isolated Asymptomatic Colonic Plasmacytoma Presenting as a Polyp at Screening Colonoscopy
Authors: Nassif Christian , Crabtree Matthew , Pullarkat Sheeja T.
Published: June 2023

Isolated extramedullary plasmacytomas (IEMPs) are rare. Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) are uncommon and mostly occur in the nasopharynx or upper respiratory tract. EMP involvement of the gastrointestinal tract occurs in approximately 10% of cases, more often in the small bowel than the colon. Less than 40 cases of colonic IEMP have been reported. Asymptomatic colonic IEMPs are extremely rare with few reported cases. We present a 57-year-old asymptomatic man with a colonic IEMP found during screening colonoscopy. A sigmoid colon polyp was removed and diagnosed as a plasmacytoma. Further investigation revealed it to be an isolated lesion.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ-II) for Portuguesespeaking Brazilian secondary school students
Authors:   Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, España, Toma Radu Bogdan , Cordeiro Bizerra Ayla Márcia ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte, Pau dos Ferros, Brasil, Yánez Iraya ,   Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, España, Meneses Villagrá Jesús Ángel ,   Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, España
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Science motivation is important for students’ scientific literacy. Yet, there is a lack of valid and reliable measurement tools for the Brazilian context. This study presents the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Science Motivation Questionnaire (SMQ-II) and motivational baseline data. Method: The instrument was translated into Brazilian Portuguese using cross-cultural validation procedures. For structural validity evidence, the responses of 646 secondary school students were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as measurement invariance. For reliability evidence, Cronbach’s alpha (α) and McDonald’s omega (ω) were calculated. Students’ motivation was analysed using 2 (gender) x 4 (grade levels) x 3 (study modality) MANOVA. Results: 24 items measuring intrinsic motivation, career motivation, grade motivation, and self-efficacy supported a four-factor structure with adequate reliability against the original five-factor structure (self-determination was not salient). Measurement invariance was established across the gender and study modalities, but not for grade levels. Higher-grade level Brazilian students were less motivated, and girls reported higher intrinsic and career motivation, but lower self-efficacy than boys. Conclusion: These findings lay the foundation for the assessment of Brazilian students’ science motivation, although they also reveal problems in the latent structure of the SMQ-II and call for the development of instruments rooted in contemporary motivational theories.
Regional governance — ein neues Paradigma der Regionalwissenschaften?
Authors: Fürst Dietrich
Published: June 2023

Regional governance defines weakly institutionalised, network-oriented modes of cooperation between regional actors to achieve common goals of regional development. The scientific discussion on proficiency and coherence of regional governance is still in its infancy. However, there are related theoretical approaches like milieu-theory, learning-regionconception, regulation-school, regime-theory. In the article the peculiarities of regional governance are analysed. Open research questions identified refer to structural elements of governance, issue-selectivity, embeddedness in existing institutions, division of labor with other regional modes of governance, inherent dynamics, legitimization, contribution to regional development and the role of the state.
Quartiersentwicklung 2030: Akteure, Einflussfaktoren und Zukunftstrends – Ergebnisse einer Delphi-Studie
Authors: Schnur Olaf , Markus Ilka
Published: June 2023

Demographic change coupled with fluctuating housing market regions in Germany will increasingly affect the mostly ignored meso level of neighbourhoods. In that context the two stage Delphi-study (2007/2008), titled „Demographic Impact in Urban Neighborhoods“, analyzes basic protagonists, key factors and future trends of neighbourhood development. The study includes fundamental questions like: Which neighbourhoods will be specifically affected by demographic impacts in the future? What are the strengths and weaknesses of certain neighbourhood types? How will neighbourhoods develop until 2030? What metatrends of neighbourhood development are recognizable? Which neighbourhoods have stronger chances of development: the homogeneously or heterogeneously age-structured ones?
PRESERVASI CABAI MERAH BESAR (Capsicum annuum L) DALAM SISTEM TERTUTUP BERSUHU 273,40 K BERDASARKAN PERUBAHAN MASSA DAN KADAR VITAMIN C
Authors: Rusmaningsih Nurmanita , Rahmanto W.H , Suyati Linda , Nuryanto Rahmad
Published: June 2023

Telah dilakukan penelitian preservasi cabai merah besar (Capsicum annuum L) dalam sistem tertutup bersuhu 273,40 K berdasarkan perubahan massa dan kadar vitamin C. Penelitian bertujuan membuktikan bahwa pada rentang waktu preservasi 4 minggu dalam sistem tertutup (𝑑𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑖𝑑𝑡⁄)273,40 K=0 dan (𝑑𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑑𝑡⁄)273,40 K=0. Penelitian dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu preparasi, preservasi cabai merah besar dalam sistem terbuka dan tertutup selama 0 – 4 minggu, dan penentuan massa maupun kadar vitamin C cabai tiap minggunya dengan metode spektrofotometri UV. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa massa cabai pada sistem tertutup konstan yaitu 100 gram, sedangkan pada sistem terbuka terjadi perubahan setiap minggunya yaitu 100 gram, 100 gram, 85 gram, 80 gram, dan 75 gram. Kadar vitamin C cabai merah besar dalam sistem tertutup, tiap minggunya adalah 201,58; 198,58; 193,72; 190,73; dan 190,73 mg L–1. Kadar vitamin C cabai merah besar dalam sistem terbuka tiap minggunya adalah 201,58; 161,91; 129,72; 124,85; dan 80,69 mg L–1. Pada sistem tertutup 𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑖=𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡 sehingga 𝑑𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑖𝑑𝑡⁄=0 dan 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑡=𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡 sehingga 𝑑𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑑𝑡⁄=0. Pada sistem terbuka 𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑖≠𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡 sehingga 𝑑𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑖𝑑𝑡⁄≠0 dan 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑡≠𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡 sehingga 𝑑𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑑𝑡⁄≠0Kata Kunci: copper (II) oxide, precipitation, photocatalytic activity, irreversible acceptor
Pengaruh Variasi D-Glukosa sebagai Template terhadap Karakter Silika Hasil Sintesis Abu Sekam Padi untuk Uji Adsorpsi-Desorpsi Urea
Authors: Sriyanti Sriyanti , Setyowati Dwi , Suhartana Suhartana
Published: June 2023

Sintesis silika mesopori dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi aditif D-glukosa terhadap karakter silika mesopori yang dihasilkan, dan kemampuan silika mesopori dalam adsorpsi-desorpsi urea. Sintesis silika mesopori dilakukan dengan menambahkan natrium silikat (Na2SiO3) dari abu sekam padi ke dalam larutan D-glukosa dengan variasi konsentrasi 15 wt%, 30 wt%, 45 wt%, 60 wt%, 75 wt%. Larutan HCl 3M ditambahkan secara bertahap hingga mencapai pH 7. Penghilangan D-glukosa menggunakan metode ekstraksi air dengan proses sentrifugasi, serta uji kualitatif dengan pereaksi Benedict. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji kemampuan adsorpsi-desorpsi pada urea. Karakterisasi hasil menggunakan spektrofotometri serapan atom, metode Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) gas sorption analyzer (GSA), spektrofotometer FTIR, dan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partikel bahan halus sampai kasar seiring dengan variasi konsentrasi D-glukosa yang ditambahkan. Analisis FTIR silika hasil sintesis dengan berbagai konsentrasi D-glukosa 15%, 30% berat, 45% berat, 60% berat, dan 75% berat menunjukkan adanya gugus Si-OH dan Si-O-Si. Spektra dekonvolusi FTIR juga menemukan bahwa rasio Si-OH/Si-O-Si pada MS-30 lebih tinggi dibandingkan variasi konsentrasi lainnya. Hasil analisis GSA menunjukkan bahwa silika gel memiliki pori berukuran meso pada sampel MS-30 dan MS-60. Distribusi ukuran pori seragam MS-30 dan MS-60. Hasil analisis spektrofotometer UV-Vis menunjukkan bahwa daya adsorpsi MS-30 lebih tinggi dari yang lain yaitu 55,40%, daya desorpsi MS-30 lebih rendah dari yang lain yaitu 13,72%. Hasil AAS menunjukkan bahwa natrium silikat mengandung kadar Si 16.342 ppm sehingga silika yang diperoleh sebesar 32,68%.
Personality profile characteristics of patients with somatoform and anxiety-phobic disorders with phenomena of reduced criticality
Authors: Khomitskyi M. Ye. , Kondratenko M. Yu.
Published: June 2023

The aim: to study the personality characteristics and their relationship with reduced criticality manifestations by examining the personality profile of patients with somatoform and anxiety-phobic disorders.
Materials and methods. A prospective clinical study involved 102 patients: 54 patients with somatoform disorder and 48 patients with anxiety-phobic disorder. Research methods: clinical-psychopathological, clinical-anamnestic, clinical-catamnestic, clinical-psychophenomenological and medical statistical analysis.
Results. As the study result, the peculiarities of the personal characteristics of patients with somatoform and anxiety-phobic disorders and their connection with reduced criticality manifestations have been established. The most common clinical types of accentuations in patients with somatoform disorder have been revealed (“sticking-demonstrative” (16.67 % of the group), “sticking-exalted” (11.11 %), “anxious-demonstrative” (9.26 %) and “demonstrative” (9.26 %) as well as a characteristic pronounced (p < 0.05) reduction in criticality (mainly due to the phenomenon of alexithymia). The prevailing types of accentuation among the contingent with anxiety-phobic disorder (“anxious” (14.58 %) and “anxious-pedantic” (12.50 %)) had a connection (p < 0.01) with a mild degree of reduced criticality.
Conclusions. Based on the differences found in the personality characteristics of patients with somatoform and anxiety-phobic disorders, variations in the degree of severity and pathogenetic mechanisms of reduced criticality have been revealed. The obtained results offer the potential to develop a personalized system for correction of reduced criticality, the use of which would improve the treatment results in patients with somatoform and anxiety-phobic disorders.
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and the clinical significance of differentiated electrocardiogram
Authors: Tashchuk V. K. , Malinevska-Biliichuk O. V. , Ivanchuk P. R. , Polianska O. S.
Published: June 2023

Aim. To evaluate the markers of changing dynamics recorded by digital processing of routine ECG using own diagnostic complex software “Smart-ECG” in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) based on the results of a 40-day follow-up.
Materials and methods. The main group consisted of 20 patients with STEMI according to the ESC guidelines (2017) (mean age of males 56.11 ± 11.62, n = 10; mean age of females 58.22 ± 13.11, n = 10). ECG were analyzed using own developed diagnostic complex software “Smart-ECG” on the 1st, 10th, 40th day after STEMI. The first derivative of T wave – ratio of maximum velocity (MVR), inclination angle (β) and inclination height (H) of ST segment was calculated. The control group – 20 apparently healthy people.
Results. MVR indicators decreased by 61.90 %, 68.20 % and 51.48 % on the 1st, 10th and 40th day, respectively, after STEMI as compared to those of the control group (p < 0.01). At the moment of the maximum ST segment elevation, the height (H) of ST inclination was 347.7 % increased (p < 0.01); on the 40th day, H was 25 % increased, close to control indicators, with ST segment shift to isoline (р > 0.05). During the acutest period, the angle β increased by 172.2 % (p < 0.01) and then decreased by 15.8 % at the recovery phase, but insignificantly.
Conclusions. Self-developed medical software “Smart-ECG” for qualitative evaluation of ECG is an effective tool to diagnose pathological changes in the myocardium, makes it possible to improve the specificity, sensitivity and prognostic significance of ECG in STEMI. The significant decrease in MVR has been detected at all stages of STEMI, which was associated with a violation of electrogenesis in the repolarization phase; the critical increase in ST slope indicators (angle β and height H) on the 1st day has been found as a characteristic of ST elevation, as well as its decrease on the 40th day as a sign of reduced potential difference between healthy and damaged areas of the myocardium during the recovery stage.
Psychoemotional state and bioelectrical brain activity in patients of different ages with metabolic syndrome after COVID-19
Authors: Chyzhova V. P. , Korkushko O. V. , Shatylo V. B. , Pysaruk A. V. , Kuznietsov V. V. , Skrypchenko O. H. , Kovtonyuk T. I. , Samots I. A.
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to find out the impact of COVID-19 infection on the psycho-emotional state and bioelectrical brain activity in persons of different ages with metabolic syndrome.
Material and methods. We examined 53 people who were divided into groups depending on age (40–59 years and 60 years and older) and status with regard to COVID-19 infection (contracted, not contracted). Patients had metabolic syndrome (ATP III), underwent comprehensive clinical and laboratory examinations, electroencephalography (an 18-channel electroencephalograph Nihon Kohden, Japan) and answered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire.
Results. Symptoms of anxiety or depression after COVID-19 were found in both age groups of MS. Anxiety symptoms were more often found in the group of 60 years and older. At the same time, subclinical anxiety was noted in persons of 60 years and older, while clinical anxiety – in middle-aged individuals. The latter also showed a trend towards an increase in clinically evident depression after COVID-19. Persons after COVID-19 with symptoms of anxiety or depression (according to the HADS scale) demonstrated changes in the frequency-amplitude indicators of the electroencephalogram (EEG) characterized by a power increase in the range of theta rhythm and accompanied by subclinical and clinical manifestations of depression. About 80 % of people who did not suffer from COVID-19 had normal EEG since 9 Hz alpha rhythm power was registered. In patients after COVID-19, there was a redistribution of alpha-rhythm power range: an increase in the ranges of alpha-1 rhythm and decrease in alpha-2 rhythm power as well as an increase in the delta and theta rhythm power range.
Conclusions. 1–3 months following the acute period of COVID-19, the frequency of depression is 3 times higher in middle-aged patients with metabolic syndrome. In elderly patients with metabolic syndrome after COVID-19, anxiety is predominantly diagnosed – almost in every second. These manifestations of anxiety and depression are accompanied by disorganization of the bioelectrical brain activity.
Karen Coats och Gretchen Papazian (red.), Emotion in Texts for Children and Young Adults: Moving Stories
Authors: Widhe Olle
Published: June 2023

Review/Recension
”Du behøver bare se dig lidt omkring”
Authors: Reed Beatrice G.
Published: June 2023

”You only need to look around and see”: Representation of Plants in Swedish and Norwegian Picturebooks from the Early 20th Century

Plants are not only vital to all other life on earth; as parts of settings and narrative frames as well as actors, they also form a frequent literary motif, not least in children’s literature. This article explores how plants are represented in Swedish and Norwegian picturebooks published between 1900 and 1930. Inspired by the emerging field of critical plant studies, it presents a plant-oriented quantitative analysis of 102 books. By examining what plant species and types the corpus contains, and how these botanical motifs are portrayed, the article seeks to nuance tendencies identified in historical accounts of the period. While affirming that both the forest and cultural landscapes are central picturebook topoi in the early 20th century, the survey reveals a remarkably diverse flora. The plant-oriented examination shows that representations of both wild and cultivated plants hold ecocritical potential.
Effect of openings on simply supported reinforced concrete skew slabs using finite element method
Authors: Ibrahim Kaythar A. , Al-Darzi Suhaib Y. , Shukur Mohammed H.
Published: June 2023

Reinforced concrete skew slabs are commonly used in bridges due to space constraints in motorways and in congested urban areas. Such slabs also often need to contain openings for architectural requirements or services, and this study seeks to determine the effect of these openings on the strength of the skew slabs. The finite element method was used to analyze 13 cases of slabs with skew angles of 45°. The first and second cases were used to validate the results with experimental work. Other cases studied the effect of the position and shape of openings on the strength of the skew slabs under both one-point and four-point loading conditions. The study also showed that the worst location for the opening was near the obtuse corners since this is where most of the load is transferred. With respect to the shape of openings, three different shapes with the same area were used: skew, circle, and square shapes. It was found that the effect of the opening shape depends on how many steel reinforcements are removed, as well as the appearance of negative cracking brought on as a result of the opening. Overall, the square shape introduces the smallest reduction in the skew slab strength compared with a slab with no opening. Accordingly, the study recommends that the strength of skew slabs can best be maintained if square openings are employed near the acute corners, alongside negative steel reinforcement to avoid cracking.
A Reconstruction of “Cinema as the Vehicle of Dao”: On the Methodology of Combining Traditional Chinese Culture and Film Theory
Authors: Wang Haizhou , Lin Yifeng
Published: June 2023

The methodology of combining traditional Chinese culture and film studies is of significant interest to Chinese film theory. Besides revealing traditional cultural characteristics of Chinese films, film studies should also explore the nature of cinema. Hence, the task of inheriting traditional Chinese culture extends far beyond the conversion of concepts from classical literature to modern literature, to that of illuminating the philosophy behind those concepts. Such an exploration may be illustrated by revisiting the traditional phrase, “essay as the vehicle of Dao”. Through an analysis of different layers of Dao, and with the phrase reshaped as “cinema as the vehicle of Dao”, the scope of enquiry stretches from theme to ontology and epistemology, where a conversation between Chinese film theory and Western film theory may be found.
Die Wahrnehmung und Verarbeitung religiöser Pluralität. Qualitativ-empirische Befunde zu einer theoretischen Debatte
Authors: Neumaier Anna
Published: June 2023

Religiöse Pluralisierung gilt im Kontext der Säkularisierungsdebatte häufig als beeinflussender Faktor. Unterstellt wird dann eine bestimmte Wirkung religiöser Pluralisierung auf individuelle Religiosität, die wiederum als Indikator für Prozesse der Säkularisierung oder Individualisierung gilt. Der Aufsatz will diesen Annahmen eine qualitativ-empirische Perspektive hinzufügen, die nach der Wahrnehmung und Verarbeitung religiöser Pluralität auf individueller Ebene fragt. Er ordnet dafür interreligiöse Kontaktzonen in ihrer Relevanz für individuelle Religiosität und verweist auf die Bedeutung medial-diskursiver Vorordnungen religiöser Pluralität und die Zuweisung individueller Positionen darin. Er skizziert schließlich drei Muster der Verarbeitung dieser Pluralitätserfahrungen auf der Ebene individueller Religiosität.
Extraction and characterization of novel cellulose nanocrystals from Artemisia scoparia straw and their application in hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) films
Authors: Rehman Noor , Muhammad Noor , Ullah Hidayat , Khan Muhammad Naveed , Rahman Latif ur , Jan Abdul Khaliq , Hassan Tahir
Published: June 2023

This research study reports on the extraction of nanocellulose followed by structural and thermal analysis and application of nanocellulose in hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) nanocomposite films. The cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from Artemisia scoparia straw through an alkaline treatment and bleaching process, followed by sulphuric acid hydrolysis. The HPMC nanocomposite films were prepared by a solution casting method and dried at room temperature. Fourier transform infrared-ray (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques were used to analyze the structural and thermal properties of the materials, including the cellulosic material, the nanomaterial, and the nanocomposites. The FTIR spectra indicated that the extraction procedure was adequate, demonstrating the removal of lignin and hemicellulose and the preparation of nanocellulose. The TGA results revealed the thermal degradation pattern of the cellulose and showed that the HPMC films had enhanced thermal stability. This research demonstrates that A. scoparia straw has potential for the extraction of cellulosic nanomaterial and a wide range of applications in nanocomposites.
Regeneration Αnalysis of the Juniperus excelsa Mixed Stands in Prespa National Park of Greece as a Base for the Assessment of the Appropriate Silvicultural Treatment for the Conservation of the Species
Authors: Stampoulidis Athanasios , Pipinis Elias , Petrou Petros , Kitikidou Kyriaki
Published: June 2023

Analysis of the regeneration of mixed stands of Juniperus excelsa (Greek juniper) in Prespa National Park revealed two distinct structural types: a) stands with small gaps, and b) stands without gaps. Fifteen 500-square-meter sample plots were established in each structural type. All plant species were counted in each plot, and Greek juniper plants were classified into two groups based on their regeneration status. Plants that have been established and grow under the facilitation of other plants fall into the first group, while those that have been established and grow in light, in canopy gaps, belong to the second. Regarding the regeneration of Greek juniper in the Greek juniper mixed stands with small gaps, facilitation is not the primary mechanism at work. There are less Greek juniper regeneration plants in the gap-free structural type, compared with the small-gap type. Greek juniper regeneration plant density will decrease if gaps close. Finally, in both structural types, the other species' regeneration plants exhibit higher density than those of Greek juniper. Creating gaps around Greek juniper trees by extensive intervention is one of the most successful ways for the forest practice to protect the Greek juniper mixed stands.
INVESTIGATION OF UTILIZING WHEY IN DAIRY-BASED DESSERT FORMULATIONS WITH CAROB POWDER
Authors: ŞANLI Tuba
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study is to develop a dairy dessert produced with whey at different ratios and carob powder (5%). Five dessert samples prepared by different milk: whey (v/v) ratios were as follows: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. Dessert samples were analyzed in terms of some physiochemical, color, textural and sensory properties on the 1st, 7th and 14th days of storage. It was determined that the use of whey significantly affected the titratable acidity, water holding capacity, color parameters (L*, b* and ΔE values) and textural qualities of the milk dessert samples produced by adding carob powder. Significant differences were also observed in terms of sensory characteristics. As a result of the evaluations, the C sample, which was produced at 50% milk and 50% whey ratios, received the highest scores by the panelists compared to the other samples and became the most liked sample. According to the results obtained, it was determined that the use of whey in milk-based dessert formulations produced with the addition of carob powder contributed positively to the product in terms of sensory and physical properties.
Human brown adipose tissue function: insights from current in vivo techniques
Authors: Kwok T’ng Choong , Stimson Roland H
Published: June 2023

The identification of brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a thermogenic organ in human adults approximately 20 years ago raised the exciting possibility of activating this tissue as a new treatment for obesity and cardiometabolic disease. [18F]Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning is the most commonly used imaging modality to detect and quantify human BAT activity in vivo. This technique exploits the substantial glucose uptake by BAT during thermogenesis as a marker for BAT metabolism. 18F-FDG PET has provided substantial insights into human BAT physiology, including its regulatory pathways and the effect of obesity and cardiometabolic disease on BAT function. The use of alternative PET tracers and the development of novel techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, supraclavicular skin temperature measurements, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, near-infrared spectroscopy and microdialysis have all added complementary information to improve our understanding of human BAT. However, many questions surrounding BAT physiology remain unanswered, highlighting the need for further research and novel approaches to investigate this tissue. This review critically discusses current techniques to assess human BAT function in vivo, the insights gained from these modalities and their limitations. We also discuss other promising techniques in development that will help dissect the pathways regulating human thermogenesis and determine the therapeutic potential of BAT activation.
New interpretation of the table of eclipses in Dresden Codex: Intercalated numbers as fractions
Authors: Perez-Enriquez Raul
Published: June 2023

A review to the introductory pages of the Table of Eclipses of the Dresden Codex is made. In particular, the section of three intercalated Maya numbers in columns A, B, C, of page 52a and the list of thirteen 13’s (two bars and three points) present in column D of the same page are studied and interpreted as a way to construct the sequence of 69 eclipse prediction numbers for a total period of 11.958 days. Those intercalated numbers (red & Black) in the codex represent big numbers that are multiples of the 11.960-day period. In combination with the draconic month (as studied by Chinese culture (27,2122)), the sequence of 177, 178, 148 days, intervals can be reproduced. The consequent conclusion is that these intercalated numbers could represent numerical fractions.
Acoustic investigation of architectural spaces with an emphasis on traditional architectural decorations (the case study of the sound room of Ali-Qapu Palace)
Authors: Asadi Shaham , shokoohi Ali
Published: June 2023

The architecture of the Safavid period is one of the best architectural styles in Iran, both in terms of construction and decorations and innovations. Safavid kings tried to create lasting art for all generations due to their great interest in architecture and urban planning. Among the lasting works of Safavid art, we can mention the Ali Qapu Palace of Isfahan, which is built on six floors. The biggest rooms of the palace are on the last floor of the mansion and Shah Abbas used to receive his special guests in them. On this floor, we reach one of the masterpieces of Iranian architects; the music room or the sound room, the central part of which is designed in the shape of a cross and has an area of about 63 square meters. Introducing the favorite pottery of the Safavid kings, that is, Carafes , thermoses, and jugs, and the most widely used forms of Tongbori, that is, jars. Safavid systems also introduce the most widely used pottery. Probably, some Tongboris were also influenced by metal and glass samples. The vertical surfaces of the walls and the horizontal divisions of Aliqapu have influenced the form of Tongboris. The present research is about this music room. In this research, as the background and basics of the research, after analyzing the acoustic basics, while emphasizing the clarity of speech and reverberation time as measured variables; Then, we have introduced the history , name of Ali Qapu Palace , the Tongs and the shapes and containers of the walls in a descriptive way and with library tools; In the field of his case study and fundamental study, he has used a completely quantitative approach and accurate calculation method with two simulation tools (walls without Tong and roof without muqarans) and field measurement to compare their results. The results of this research consider the role of Tongs and muqarans in reducing sound energy, reducing reverberation time, and improving speech clarity very necessary and necessary.
Flow Augmentations Modify an Estuarine Prey Field
Authors:   ICF, Yee Calvin , Smith April ,   ICF, Hassrick Jason ,   ICF, Kalmbach Andrew ,   ICF, Sabal Megan ,   ICF, Cox Daniel ,   California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Grimaldo Lenny ,   California Department of Water Resources, Schultz Andrew ,   US Fish and Wildlife Service
Published: June 2023

Zooplankton density and community composition in estuaries can be affected by variation in freshwater inputs, with important implications for higher trophic levels. In the San Francisco Estuary, management agencies have initiated autumn flow augmentations in the form of changes to reservoir releases or to exported water from the South Delta to increase and improve available habitat for endangered Delta Smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus, during the season when their body condition most influences fecundity. Autumn flow augmentation only occurs in years with higher precipitation, effectively moving the Low-Salinity Zone (LSZ) downstream to key foraging habitats for Delta Smelt in Suisun Bay and Suisun Marsh. To assess whether augmented flow enhanced prey resources for Delta Smelt, we compared autumn zooplankton abundance, biomass, spatial distribution, and community composition in years when flow was augmented (2017, 2019) with reference years when flow was not augmented (2018, 2020). In augmented years, we detected higher total zooplankton abundance and altered community composition in Suisun Bay and Suisun Marsh. Increased freshwater in these regions was associated with higher abundance of Pseudodiaptomus forbesi, a preferred prey of Delta Smelt, while species associated with higher salinities—Acartiella sinensis and Tortanus dextrilobatus—were less abundant. Thus, autumn flow augmentations can influence foraging habitat and prey availability for Delta Smelt, underscoring the complex responses of estuarine zooplankton communities to changes in response to flow and salinity regimes. This study is management- relevant because it shows that important Delta Smelt prey items increase in downstream regions when X2 is lower. Whether that results in a response in Delta Smelt abundance remains to be seen.
Habitat Use by Breeding Waterbirds in Relation to Tidal Marsh Restoration in the San Francisco Bay Estuary
Authors:   US Geological Survey, Schacter Carley , Hartman C. Alex ,   US Geological Survey, Herzog Mark ,   US Geological Survey, Peterson Sarah ,   US Geological Survey, Tarjan L. Max ,   San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, Wang Yiwei ,   San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, Strong Cheryl ,   US Fish and Wildlife Service, Tertes Rachel ,   US Fish and Wildlife Service, Warnock Nils ,   Point Blue Conservation Science, Ackerman Joshua ,   US Geological Survey
Published: June 2023

The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project aims to restore many former salt production ponds, now managed for wildlife and water quality, to tidal marsh. However, because managed ponds support large densities of breeding waterbirds, reduction of pond habitat may influence breeding waterbird distribution and abundance. We investigated habitat use associated with breeding, feeding, and roosting behaviors during the breeding season for American Avocets (Recurvirostra americana), Black-necked Stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), Forster’s Terns (Sterna forsteri), and Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia) in south San Francisco Bay in 2019 after substantial tidal marsh restoration, and compared results to a 2001 survey (before restoration). In 2019, managed ponds (26% of currently available habitat) were selected by waterbirds engaged in breeding behaviors (> 39% of observations), foraging (> 42%), and roosting (> 73%). Waterbirds avoided tidal habitats (43% of available habitat), comprising < 17% of observations of breeding behavior, < 28% of foraging observations, and < 13% of roosting observations. Waterbird densities increased in managed ponds between 2001 and 2019, and decreased in active salt ponds, especially among feeding Avocets (92% decrease) and Stilts (100% decrease). Islands were important for waterbirds observed breeding and roosting (45% of Avocet and 53% of Tern observations). Avocets and Stilts fed primarily on wet bare ground (65% and 58%, respectively), whereas feeding Forster’s Terns and Caspian Terns used mostly open water (82% and 93%, respectively). Within ponds, Avocets were associated with islands (131 m closer than expected). Stilts and Forster’s Terns were also associated with islands (68 m and 161 m closer than expected), except when feeding (1 m closer and 90 m farther than expected). Avocets and Stilts were associated with pond levees (39 m and 41 m closer than expected), but Forster’s Terns were not (9 m closer than expected). Our results emphasize the importance of managed ponds for breeding and foraging waterbirds, including islands for breeding and roosting and levees for foraging.
The DEA report on ayahuasca risks: “Science” in service of prohibition?
Authors: Labate Beatriz , Ermakova Anna O. , Sloshower Jordan , Galvão-Coelho Nicole , Palhano-Fontes Fernanda , Antunes Henrique Fernandes , Loures de Assis Glauber , Cavnar Clancy , de Araújo Draulio , Ribeiro Sidarta
Published: June 2023

On February 2023, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) released a document to the legal team representing the Church of the Eagle and the Condor (“CEC”). This disclosure came two years after the church, in conjunction with Chacruna Institute, submitted two FOIA requests to the DEA and the Department of Justice requesting all records pertaining to ayahuasca. This report, titled “Ayahuasca: Risks to Public Health and Safety,” was issued in July 2020. In the present article, we challenge a number of claims made in the DEA report and highlight significant factual omissions, theoretical biases, and misinterpretations of existing data. We will demonstrate that the DEA report severely downplays the safety profile and therapeutic potential of ayahuasca and overemphasizes the risks. It also fails to include current research on ayahuasca demonstrating its potential benefits.
Metabolites Alteration and Antioxidant Activity of Gracilaria verrucosa After Fermentation Using Aureobasidium melanogenum MTGK.31
Authors: Sibero Mada Triandala , Savitri Adella Maulina , Frederick Evan Hansel , Sedjati Sri
Published: June 2023

Gracilaria verrucosa is a red seaweed that has been widely utilized in the food andpharmaceutical industries due to its biological properties. The utilization of biologicalagents in obtaining certain bioactive compounds would confront unavoidable issues,particularly its bioactive sustainability. Hence, microbial fermentation has been reported as a practical approach to maintaining bioactive production and boosting its properties. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential of marine yeast Aureobasidium melanogenum MTGK.31 as a fermenting agent for G. verrucosa and characterize the seaweed metabolite profile and antioxidant activity after fermentation. The seaweed was fermented using A. melanogenum MTGK.31 in a medium consisting of yeast extract, peptone, and glucose. The fermentation was done for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Total plate count and pH were measured after each fermentation period. The primary and secondary metabolites of G. verrucosa in each fermentation were observed. Antioxidant assay using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) method was conducted, followed by total phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. It was highlighted that yeast colony increased during the fermentation, while the pH level was decreasing. We found that the fermentation not only boosted some elements in primary metabolites, but also increased G. verrucosa bioactive groups. After 72 hours of fermentation, the G. verrucosa percent radical scavenging activity (%RSA) increased more than two times compared to the fresh G. verrucosa with a %RSA value of 16.09±6.57. Nevertheless, the highest total phenolic content of 5.62±0.00028 mg GAE/g extract was shown by G. verrucosa after 48 hours of fermentation.
Antioxidant and Anti-tyrosinase Activities of Halymenia durvillei Water Extract Containing R-Phycoerythrin Before and After Microencapsulation
Authors: Khatulistiani Tiara Silva , Oktavia Devi Ambarwaty , Munifah Ifah , Marraskuranto Endar
Published: June 2023

Halymenia durvillei water extract (HDWE) contains a dark-pink colored pigment of Rphycoerythrin (R-PE), which its stability is influenced by temperature and pH andpossesses biological activities. Microencapsulation could be the solution to preservingthe nature of R-PE. This study characterized the HDWE emulsion and analyzed the RPE content, antioxidants, and anti-tyrosinase activities before and after microencapsulation using sodium caseinate and maltodextrin (M-HDWE). Halymenia durvillei was extracted in distilled water (ratio 1:2, w/v) for 24 hours at 4 °C. Sodium caseinate to maltodextrin coating ratios were 1:2; 1:4; 1:6 and 1:12. Emulsion (viscosity, color, and R-PE content) and powder characteristics (surface morphology) were determined using Brookfield DV2T, ColorFlex EZ Hunterlab, UV-VIS spectrophotometry, and JeolSEM, respectively. The antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities were determined using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and mushroom tyrosinase assays. The Commision Internationale d’Éclairage (CIE) L* a* b* colorimetry result showed that the more maltodextrin and the lower viscosity, the more intense the emulsion color. Despite HDWE having roughly six-fold more R-PE content, all M-HDWE treatment samples exhibited equal R-PE contents (p 0.05). The M-HDWE 1:2; 1:4; 1:6; and 1:12 microcapsules had more wrinkled spheres and fewer cracks than MHDWE 0. The M-HDWE 1:2 had 33.10% lower antioxidant activity than the HDWE and was the highest compared to other M-HDWE compositions (17.15±1.27 µM/µg extract, p 0.05). Meanwhile, all M-HDWE had low anti-tyrosinase activity. It can be concluded that microencapsulation could be a solution for preserving HDWE’s antioxidant activity but not its anti-tyrosinase activity
Sufism and the Contention of Value in the Public Space
Authors: Riyadi Abdul Kadir , Fauzia Ika Yunia , Umami Khoirul , Suwarko Andi
Published: June 2023

Contention of discourse does dominate the feature of our modern public space. But contention of value, while it is subtle and may not be discernable, is more essential. What appears at the surface is actually the result of what happens within. This paper discusses the problem of value contention in the public space, particularly by giving attention to the way that Sufism’s value may be involved in it. It brings forward multiple premises. On the one hand, it argues against the Western proposition that public space, especially in its rational and critical form, can only emerge in the Western setting. On the other, it problematizes the so-called Islamic public space that, while it is rational and critical, becomes a battlefield like a sphere to which religious values fall victim. In this whole situation -the paper argues- Sufi strategy to stay away from public space while at the same time making an internal consolidation to preserve its ontological security, is the proper way. Sufism itself became a victim of the free public space when it is involved directly in it, especially where secularism and liberalism prevail. Various new forms of Sufism, such as neo-sufism, hybrid-sufism, urban-sufism, and the like, are not expression of its ability to adapt to new situation but a manifestation of its failure to preserve its essence.
Blood platelets in chronic graft-versus-host disease: association with Th1/Th2 ratio
Authors: Kolesnikova О. P. , Goiman Е. V. , Orlovskaya I. А. , Demchenko Е. N. , Volskiy N. N. , Gavrilova Е. D.
Published: June 2023

As found in clinical and laboratory studies, platelets not only play a key role in the processes of coagulation and thrombosis, but are also able to actively participate in other pathophysiological processes, including the development of immune reactions. It has been shown that changes in the immune system leading to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are often accompanied by changes in the number of platelets and their activity in the peripheral blood of SLE patients, which correlate with the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease. Earlier we have studied the standard experimental model of SLE in detail, based on the induction of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in the semi-allogeneic system DBA/2 → (C57Bl/6 x DBA/2)F1. However, the participation of platelets in this immunopathological process has not been studied. There are no data in the literature on the behavior of platelets in cGVHD or on their relationship with the state of Th1/Th2 balance. It can been expected that the platelet count changes according to the development of cGVHD in the used experimental model by analogy with the development of SLE in humans.

In the experiments, we used female mice of the DBA/2 strain and (C57Bl/6 × DBA/2)F1 hybrids. Chronic GVHD in a semi-allogeneic system was induced by injecting DBA/2 mouse splenocytes into B6D2F1 hybrid mice: 60-70 × 106 cells intravenously twice with an interval of 6 days. The studied parameters were evaluated three months after the start of the experiment and the formation of lupus-like glomerulonephritis in animals with Th2-dependent cGVHD variant.

A decrease in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, a decrease in hematocrit and a parallel increase in the number of reticulocytes in the blood of mice with cGVHD are in good agreement with our earlier conclusion that these animals have autoimmune hemolytic anemia. It was found that, platelets increase significantly with the development of cGVHD unlike other blood cells. Secondary thrombocytosis is observed in the case of the Th2-dependent variant of сGVHD in this model of SLE, while in the group with the Th1-dependent variant of сGVHD, the average number of platelets in the blood does not differ from the control group.