bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A SPX domain‐containing phosphate transporter from Rhizophagus irregularis handles phosphate homeostasis at symbiotic interface of arbuscular mycorrhizas
Authors: Xie Xianan , Lai Wenzhen , Che Xianrong , Wang Sijia , Ren Ying , Hu Wentao , Chen Hui , Tang Ming
Published: January 2022

Reciprocal symbiosis of > 70% of terrestrial vascular plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi provides the fungi with fatty acids and sugars. In return, AM fungi facilitate plant phosphate (Pi) uptake from soil. However, how AM fungi handle Pi transport and homeostasis at the symbiotic interface of AM symbiosis is poorly understood.

Here, we identify an SPX (SYG1/Pho81/XPR1) domain‐containing phosphate transporter, RiPT7 from Rhizophagus irregularis. To characterize the RiPT7 transporter, we combined subcellular localization and heterologous expression studies in yeasts with reverse genetics approaches during the in planta phase.

The results show that RiPT7 is conserved across fungal species and expressed in the intraradical mycelia. It is expressed in the arbuscules, intraradical hyphae and vesicles, independently of Pi availability. The plasma membrane‐localized RiPT7 facilitates bidirectional Pi transport, depending on Pi gradient across the plasma membrane, whereas the SPX domain of RiPT7 inhibits Pi transport activity and mediates the vacuolar targeting of RiPT7 in yeast in response to Pi starvation. Importantly, RiPT7 silencing hampers arbuscule development of R. irregularis and symbiotic Pi delivery under medium‐ to low‐Pi conditions.

Collectively, our findings reveal a role for RiPT7 in fine‐tuning of Pi homeostasis across the fungal membrane to maintain the AM development.
2019 Chinese expert consensus statement on left atrial appendage closure in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ben He , Changsheng Ma , Shulin Wu
Published: January 2022

The left atrial appendage closure (LAAC), the efficacy and safety of which has been proved by a number of randomized controlled trials and registries, is recommended by several guidelines to prevent stroke in high‐risk patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation. However, current guidelines only discuss the indications and contraindications of LAAC, as an emerging technology, there still lacks comprehensive recommendations involved with LAAC, including devices, image assessment modality, identification and treatment of complications, perioperative medication, and postoperative management. Therefore, the Chinese Society of Cardiology (CSC) of Chinese Medical Association (CMA) and the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Cardiology jointly issued the expert consensus statement on LAAC in the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation after comprehensive discussion by experts with different backgrounds. This consensus provided three levels of recommendations to guide and standardize the clinical application of LAAC based on existing evidence and clinical practice experience, including appropriate (more potential benefits or fewer harms), uncertain (somehow reasonable but need more evidence), and inappropriate (unlikely to benefit, or have more complications).
Trends and patterns in the practice of pediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging in Japan: A longitudinal descriptive study from 2012 to 2019
Authors: Tsuji Tatsuya , Sato Izumi , Kamimura Yuji , Ota Haruko , Takeda Chikashi , Sobue Kazuya , Kawakami Koji
Published: January 2022

Background

Worldwide, pediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging is a standard practice; however, there are few studies on its trends and patterns.

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the trends and patterns of pediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging in Japan and determine the incidence of and risk factors for adverse events/interventions.

Methods

This longitudinal descriptive study assessed children (age < 15 years) who underwent sedation for magnetic resonance imaging between April 2012 and December 2019 in Japan using a nationwide claims database. We assessed the patients' demographic characteristics, time trends in sedatives, sedative patterns by age, and adverse events/interventions within two post‐sedation days. Further, we used multivariable logistic regression models to explore factors related to the incidence of adverse events/interventions.

Results

We identified 29 187 cases (median age, 2.0 years; 55.2% males). The most common sedative was triclofos sodium (n = 18 812, 51.7%). There was an increasing trend in barbiturate use (17.0% [2012] to 25.0% [2019]) and decreasing trends in the use of triclofos sodium (56.4% [2012] to 47.7% [2019]) and chloral hydrate (15.6% [2012] to 10.8% [2019]). We identified 534 adverse events/interventions in 460 cases (1.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that the incidence of adverse events/interventions mainly increased with the number of sedatives (≥3; adjusted odds ratio, 5.10; 95% confidence interval, 3.67–7.10) and unscheduled setting (adjusted odds ratio, 6.28; 95% confidence interval, 4.85–8.61); further, it decreased with high hospital procedure volume (adjusted odds ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–0.78).

Conclusions

Based on a Japanese real‐world setting, there is an increasing trend in barbiturate use and decreasing trends in the use of triclofos sodium and chloral hydrate in pediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging. Low hospital procedure volumes were associated with an increased risk of adverse events/interventions.
Artificial intelligence and melanoma: A comprehensive review of clinical, dermoscopic, and histologic applications
Authors: Stiff Katherine M. , Franklin Matthew J. , Zhou Yufei , Madabhushi Anant , Knackstedt Thomas J.
Published: January 2022

Melanoma detection, prognosis, and treatment represent challenging and complex areas of cutaneous oncology with considerable impact on patient outcomes and healthcare economics. Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in these tasks are rapidly developing. Neural networks with increasing levels of sophistication are being implemented in clinical image, dermoscopic image, and histopathologic specimen classification of pigmented lesions. These efforts hold promise of earlier and highly accurate melanoma detection, as well as reliable prognostication and prediction of therapeutic response. Herein, we provide a brief introduction to AI, discuss contemporary investigational applications of AI in melanoma, and summarize challenges encountered with AI.
Breccia characteristics and classification of the GW orebodies, Balatoc Diatreme, Philippines: Insights to breccia facies and distribution across diatremes
Authors: Figueroa Acer Jian T. , Gabo‐Ratio Jillian Aira S.
Published: January 2022

A careful descriptive characterization of breccias, including diatremes, is useful for comparative purposes during exploration, rather than the colloquial use of various breccia terminology in ore exploration. Here, we present the first detailed breccia characterization of the Balatoc Diatreme‐hosted GW orebodies in the Acupan deposit, Philippines. Three breccia types are identified from descriptive classification of the GW orebodies. GW 3/13, located at the northwestern rim of the diatreme, is a medium‐ to coarse‐grained rotational, quartz‐cemented diorite breccia, whereas GW 11, at the eastern portion of the diatreme, is a medium‐ to coarse‐grained mosaic calcite‐cemented andesite breccia. Both GW orebodies located at the southwestern portion of the diatreme, GW 4/7 and GW 6, are medium‐ to coarse‐grained rotational quartz‐cemented polymict breccias. The breccia facies and distribution emplaced during a single event include: (a) Crackle breccias proximal to the unbrecciated host rocks. (b) Mosaic breccia facies along the contact between the surrounding host rocks and orebody. (c) Rotational breccia facies near the outline of the diatreme. At Balatoc, the mineralized GW orebodies are characterized by mosaic and rotational clast distributions, suggesting that these breccia types are priority targets in ore exploration. Recognizing these various breccia types in other deposits may serve as an exploration vector to determine their position in a diatreme‐hosted deposit.
Association between Intimate Partner Violence and Contraceptive Use Discontinuation in India
Authors: Upadhyay Ashish Kumar , Kumar Kaushalendra , James K. S. , Mcdougal Lotus , Raj Anita , Singh Abhishek
Published: January 2022

Research on the association between experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and contraceptive use discontinuation in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) is limited. This study aims to fill this important gap using microdata collected from women aged 15–49 in the 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS). Analyses used multivariable multinomial logistic regressions stratified by long‐acting reversible contraceptive methods (LARC)/non‐LARC and condom/pill to examine the association between experience of IPV and contraceptive use discontinuation while still in need (DWSIN). Experience of physical violence was associated with DWSIN among LARC/IUD users (RRR: 3.73, 95 percent CI [1.55–8.95]) Among condom users, DWSIN was higher among women who experienced emotional violence compared with women who did not experience any violence (RRR: 4.16, 95 percent CI [1.59–10.90]). Although we did not find an association between IPV and overall contraceptive use discontinuation, we did find compelling evidence of an association between IPV and IUD and condom use discontinuation in India. There is a need to understand women's experience of IPV as a part of a broader strategy to provide high‐quality family planning services to all women while considering individual circumstances and reproductive aspirations to support the uninterrupted use of contraception in India.
Disturbance of desire‐goal motivational dynamics during different exercise intensity domains
Authors: Taylor Ian M. , Whiteley Summer , Ferguson Richard A.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The desire‐goal motivational conflict helps explain endurance performance; however, the physiological concomitants are unknown. The present study examined disturbances in desire to reduce effort and performance goal value across moderate, heavy, and severe exercise intensity domains, demarcated by the first (LT1) and second (LT2) lactate thresholds. In addition, the within‐person relationships among blood lactate concentration, heart rate, and desire‐goal conflict were examined.

Methods

Thirty participants (53% female, Mage = 21.03 years; SD = 2.06 years) completed an incremental cycling exercise test, in which work rate was increased by 25 watts every four minutes, until voluntary exhaustion or sufficient data from the severe intensity domain had been collected. Desire to reduce effort, performance goal value, blood lactate concentration (for determination of LT1 and LT2), and heart rate were measured at the end of each stage and analyzed using multilevel models.

Results

The desire to reduce effort increased over the exercise test with additional shifts and accelerations after each lactate threshold. The performance goal did not show general declines, nor did it shift at LT1. However, the performance goal value shifted at LT2, and the rate of change increased at both thresholds. Within‐person variation in blood lactate concentration positively correlated with the desire to reduce effort and negatively correlated with the performance goal. Within‐person variation in heart rate correlated with desire to reduce effort but not the performance goal.

Conclusion

Transitioning through both lactate thresholds is important phases for motivation during progressive exercise, particularly for the desire to reduce effort. Within‐person variation in blood lactate concentration is more influential for motivation, compared with heart rate.
Large-magnitude oceanic intraplate seismicity: Implications for lithosphere evolution
Authors: Zhu Junjiang , Li Sanzhong , Xing Huilin , Wang Changsheng , Yang Guoming , Xiong Zixiang , Zhang Shengsheng , Cao Xianzhi
Published: January 2022

We analyzed 37 large oceanic intraplate earthquakes (M >6). The largest (M >7) are mainly concentrated under the Indian Ocean. Moderate events (6 < M < 7) are sparsely distributed under the Indian Ocean and other oceans where lithospheric ages are between 90 Ma and 20 Ma. Oceanic intraplate events related to mantle plumes or hotspots are rare, though low-velocity anomalies beneath hotspots are a common feature. Tomographic cross sections for Indian Ocean areas with large intraplate earthquakes indicate strong heterogeneity in the mantle. These earthquakes are explained by shallow stress variations caused by a combination of tectonic forces including slab-pull, ridge-push, drag by mantle flow, plume-push, and buoyancy forces as a consequence of low-velocity anomalies in the mantle. Oceanic intraplate seismicity in the Indian Ocean is related to the large-scale, low-velocity anomaly structure around the Ninety East Ridge.
Bilateral choroidal effusions after taking acetazolamide for altitude sickness
Authors: Rothwell Alice , Anderson Owen
Published: January 2022

A fit and healthy 44-year-old woman took a single dose of oral acetazolamide (125 mg) in preparation for a hiking trip to Everest base camp. She awoke the next morning with profoundly blurred distance vision. She presented to eye casualty later that morning, approximately 18 hours postingestion: examination demonstrated myopia and bilateral choroidal effusions. Acetazolamide is used to minimise symptoms of altitude sickness. Rarely, its use can be linked with ophthalmic side effects, such as myopia. A handful of case reports also describe choroidal effusions secondary to its use as part of ophthalmic treatment (eg, postoperatively). This is the first reported case in which choroidal effusions have been demonstrated as a side effect of its prophylactic use against altitude sickness.
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced aortitis in a patient undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Asif Rehan , Edwards Gwenllian , Borley Annabel , Jones Sharon
Published: January 2022

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used to prevent febrile neutropenia post chemotherapy. Usually well tolerated with minimal side effects but aortitis is an extremely rare side effect previously reported. A 64-year-old woman treated with adjuvant chemotherapy including G-CSF for left breast cancer was admitted with fevers, neutropenia and markedly raised inflammatory markers after 7 days of her first cycle. Initially diagnosed with neutropenic sepsis, she did not respond to broad spectrum antibiotics with subsequent CT imaging revealing marked periaortic inflammatory changes consistent with aortitis and periaortitis. Extensive investigations for other causes of large vessel vasculitis were negative and G-CSF was the only causative factor. She rapidly responded to steroids with almost complete resolution of inflammatory changes on repeat imaging within 4 weeks and no recurrence on tapering of steroids. This diagnosis must be considered in patients presenting with fever and raised inflammatory markers post G-CSF treatment.
Tracking changes in national BCG vaccination policies and practices using the BCG World Atlas
Authors: Lancione Samantha , Alvarez Jonathan Villa , Alsdurf Hannah , Pai Madhukar , Zwerling Alice Anne
Published: January 2022

The BCG vaccine is a widely given vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), yet studies on effectiveness have shown considerable heterogeneity; as a result, BCG vaccine policies vary greatly across the globe and change across geography, and with time and disease burden. The recently updated third BCG World Atlas (www.bcgatlas.org) is a publicly available online database with information on BCG practices across 194 countries. This helpful resource has been used for over 10 years to support clinicians, TB researchers and TB vaccine development worldwide. Here, we summarise main findings from the third BCG Atlas’ most recent update which included additional data collected around BCG strain type, vaccine stockouts and associated changes. Longitudinal analysis enables evaluation of changes in TB incidence over time, a method becoming more common in legislation interventions. A large number of countries in the BCG Atlas (156/194 countries) maintain universal neonatal BCG vaccination, of which 51 are considered low TB burden countries. We demonstrate the majority of countries who changed their national policy moved to targeted vaccination for high-risk groups, were in Europe and also had significant decreases in TB incidence both before and after policy change. Globally, the most common BCG strain continues to be the Danish strain, despite its worldwide manufacturing interruption in 2015. Substantial variation and disproportionality exists in which regions were most affected by stockouts between 2009 and 2019. Tracking and understanding the reasoning behind changes to national BCG practices and their impact on TB burden is critical for decision makers as they contemplate how to include BCG vaccination in future immunisation guidelines in low and high TB burden countries.
Knowledge translation strategies for policy and action focused on sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and well-being: a rapid scoping review
Authors: Curran Janet A , Gallant Allyson J , Wong Helen , Shin Hwayeon Danielle , Urquhart Robin , Kontak Julia , Wozney Lori , Boulos Leah , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Langlois Etienne V
Published: January 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify knowledge translation (KT) strategies aimed at improving sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (SRMNCAH) and well-being.

Design

Rapid scoping review.

Search strategy

A comprehensive and peer-reviewed search strategy was developed and applied to four electronic databases: MEDLINE ALL, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science. Additional searches of grey literature were conducted to identify KT strategies aimed at supporting SRMNCAH. KT strategies and policies published in English from January 2000 to May 2020 onwards were eligible for inclusion.

Results

Only 4% of included 90 studies were conducted in low-income countries with the majority (52%) conducted in high-income countries. Studies primarily focused on maternal newborn or child health and well-being. Education (81%), including staff workshops and education modules, was the most commonly identified intervention component from the KT interventions. Low-income and middle-income countries were more likely to include civil society organisations, government and policymakers as stakeholders compared with high-income countries. Reported barriers to KT strategies included limited resources and time constraints, while enablers included stakeholder involvement throughout the KT process.

Conclusion

We identified a number of gaps among KT strategies for SRMNCAH policy and action, including limited focus on adolescent, sexual and reproductive health and rights and SRMNCAH financing strategies. There is a need to support stakeholder engagement in KT interventions across the continuum of SRMNCAH services. Researchers and policymakers should consider enhancing efforts to work with multisectoral stakeholders to implement future KT strategies and policies to address SRMNCAH priorities.

Registration

The rapid scoping review protocol was registered on Open Science Framework on 16 June 2020 (https://osf.io/xpf2k).
Acceptability and efficacy of the Zemedy app versus a relaxation training and meditation app for IBS: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hunt Melissa G , Dalvie Anika , Ipek Simay , Wasman Ben
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has high rates of psychiatric comorbidity, and impairs health-related quality of life (HRQL). Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for IBS, but access to treatment remains low. Our proposed solution is a CBT-based smartphone app, Zemedy.

Methods and analysis

This randomised controlled trial of Zemedy (V.2.0) uses an education and relaxation training active control app meant to simulate treatment as usual. A target N of 300 participants complete baseline questionnaires and consent at screening, and are then allocated to either the immediate treatment (Zemedy) or the active control. Treatment lasts 8 weeks, after which both groups complete the same battery used at baseline, and the control group is crossed over to Zemedy. After another 8 weeks, the crossed-over participants will be surveyed once more. Follow-up questionnaires are administered at 3, 6 and 12 months post-treatment. Primary outcomes include gastrointestinal symptom severity and HRQL. Clinically significant change will be defined as post-treatment scores falling within 2 SD of the healthy mean. Analysis will include intent-to-treat between-groups comparisons, controlling for baseline symptom severity, as well as moderation and mediation analyses. We hypothesise that the Zemedy app will outperform the active control app in reducing IBS symptom severity and improving HRQL.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Pennsylvania. Results will provide essential information on the efficacy and acceptability of an app-based CBT treatment for IBS. The data gathered may help establish the Zemedy app as an empirically supported intervention for IBS and will assist funding bodies in deciding whether to invest in its further development and dissemination. The results will be disseminated to patients with IBS via the media and the company website, to healthcare professionals via professional training (e.g. webinars and grand rounds talks) and to researchers via conferences and publications.

Trial registration number

NCT04665271 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04665271).
Cost-utility analysis of LEGO based therapy for school children and young people with autism spectrum disorder: results from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang Han-I , Wright Barry Debenham , Bursnall Matthew , Cooper Cindy , Kingsley Ellen , Le Couteur Ann , Teare Dawn , Biggs Katie , McKendrick Kirsty , de la Cuesta Gina Gomez , Chater Tim , Barr Amy , Solaiman Kiera , Packham Anna , Marshall David , Varley Danielle , Nekooi Roshanak , Gilbody Simon , Parrott Steve
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To assess the cost-effectiveness of LEGO-based therapy compared with usual support.

Design

Cost-utility analysis alongside randomised control trial.

Setting

Mainstream primary and secondary schools in the UK.

Participants

248 children and young people (CYP) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 7–15 years.

Intervention

LEGO-based therapy is a group social skills intervention designed specifically for CYP with ASD. Through play, CYP learn to use the skills such as joint attention, sharing, communication and group problem-solving. CYP randomised to the intervention arm received 12 weekly sessions of LEGO-based therapy and usual support, while CYP allocated to control arm received usual support only.

Main outcome measures

Average costs based on National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services perspective and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) measured by EQ-5D-Y over time horizon of 1 year were collected during the trial. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated, and non-parametric bootstrapping was conducted. The uncertainty around the ICER estimates was presented using cost-effectiveness acceptability curve (CEAC). A set of sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the primary findings.

Results

After adjustment and bootstrapping, on average, CYP in LEGO-based therapy group incurred less costs (incremental cost was −£251 (95% CI −£752 to £268)) and gained marginal improvement in QALYs (QALYs gained 0.009 (95% CI −0.008 to 0.028)). The CEAC shows that the probability of LEGO-based therapy being cost-effective was 94% at the willingness-to-pay threshold of £20 000 per QALY gained. Results of sensitivity analyses were consistent with the primary outcomes.

Conclusion

Compared with usual support, LEGO-based therapy produced marginal reduction in costs and improvement in QALYs. Results from both primary and sensitivity analyses suggested that LEGO-based therapy was likely to be cost-effective.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN64852382.
Subgroup effects of non-surgical and non-pharmacological treatment of patients with hand osteoarthritis: a protocol for an individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Thissen Giesleen C E , van Middelkoop Marienke , Colaris Joost W , Selles Ruud W , Dziedzic Krysia , Nicholls Elaine , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M A
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Hand osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder in the adult population. No cure for hand OA is known yet, but treatment aims to reduce symptoms. Non-surgical and non-pharmacological therapy interventions can include splinting, patient education, and strengthening and range of movement exercises. However, it is still unclear which treatment is most beneficial for which patient. This study aims to identify subgroups of patients with hand OA that benefit most from the different non-surgical and non-pharmacological treatments.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis by extracting IPD of eligible published randomised controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic literature search through Embase, Medline and Cochrane was performed on 8 February 2021. The primary outcome will be hand pain, and our secondary outcomes are objective and subjective hand physical functions. Subgroups include age, sex, body mass index, hypermobility and other comorbidities, pain medication, occupation, baseline pain, erosive OA, type and the number of hand joints involved, radiological severity of OA, and duration of symptoms. IPD of RCTs with homogeneous treatment interventions will be pooled and analysed using a two-stage approach to evaluate treatment effect on different subgroups.

Ethics and dissemination

No new data will be collected, so research ethical or governance approval is exempt. Findings will be disseminated via national and international conferences, publications in peer-reviewed journals, and summaries posted on websites accessed by the public and clinicians.
Short-course neoadjuvant in situ vaccination for murine melanoma
Authors: Aiken Taylor J , Komjathy David , Rodriguez Matthew , Stuckwisch Ashley , Feils Arika , Subbotin Vladimir , Birstler Jen , Gillies Stephen D , Rakhmilevich Alexander L , Erbe Amy K , Sondel Paul M
Published: January 2022

Background

Surgical resection remains an important component of multimodality treatment for most solid tumors. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has several potential advantages, including in-situ tumor vaccination and pathologic assessment of response in the surgical specimen. We previously described an in-situ tumor vaccination strategy in melanoma using local radiation (RT) and an intratumoral injection of tumor-specific anti-GD2 immunocytokine (IT-IC). Here we tested whether neoadjuvant in-situ tumor vaccination using anti-GD2 immunocytokine and surgical resection, without RT, could generate immunologic memory capable of preventing recurrence or distant metastasis.

Methods

Mice bearing GD2 expressing B78 melanoma tumors were treated with neoadjuvant radiation, IT-IC, or combined RT + IT-IC. Surgical resection was performed following neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Immune infiltrate was assessed in the resection specimens. Mice were rechallenged with either B78 contralateral flank tumors or pulmonary seeding of non-GD2 expressing B16 melanoma metastasis induced experimentally. Rejection of rechallenge in mice treated with the various treatment regimens was considered evidence of immunologic memory.

Results

Neoadjuvant IT-IC and surgical resection resulted in increased CD8 T cell infiltration, a higher CD8:regulatory T cell ratio, and immunologic memory against contralateral flank rechallenge. The timing of resection did not significantly impact the development of memory, which was present as early as the day of surgery. There was less local wound toxicity with neoadjuvant IT-IC compared with neoadjuvant RT +IT IC. Neoadjuvant IT-IC and resection resulted in the rejection of B16 lung metastasis in a CD4 T cell dependent manner.

Conclusions

Neoadjuvant IT-IC generates immunologic memory capable of preventing distant metastasis despite limited efficacy against large primary melanoma tumors. By combining neoadjuvant tumor vaccination and surgery, the toxicity of local RT was avoided. These preclinical data support further investigation regarding the use of neoadjuvant IT-IC in patients with melanoma at high risk for occult distant disease.
XRISM: X-ray imaging and spectroscopy mission
Authors: Tashiro Makoto S.
Published: January 2022

The X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) is a JAXA/NASA X-ray observatory with collaboration from ESA and several institutes and academic institutions worldwide. It is proposed to fulfill the promise of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy with imaging once realized but unexpectedly terminated by a mishap of ASTRO-H/Hitomi. XRISM carries two sets of X-ray mirror assemblies and is equipped on the focal plane with a [Formula: see text] pixelized X-ray micro-calorimeter array and an aligned X-ray CCD camera. With the combination of high-resolution spectroscopy imaging and the broader field of view, XIRSM is expected to pioneer a new horizon of the Universe in X-ray astrophysics. Aiming to launch the satellite in the Japanese Fiscal Year 2022, we fabricate the instruments and test for the satellite integration starting at the beginning of 2022. This paper reports the development status, reviewing the science objectives and the operation plan.
The study of Bianchi type-III, V, and VI0 models in modified theory
Authors: Vinutha T. , Kavya K. S.
Published: January 2022

Bianchi type-III, V, and VI0 perfect fluid anisotropic cosmological models have been discussed in the theory of gravity suggested by [T. Harko, F. S. N. Lobo, S. Nojiri and S. D. Odintsov, f(R, T) gravity, Phys. Rev. D 84 (2011) 024020] with two well-known functional forms, namely, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], here [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] are constants. To acquire the solutions of the field equations of the three models, the average scale factor and the proportionality of expansion scalar with shear scalar are used. The behavior of all the physical and geometrical properties of the three models is explained with their plots. For all the three models, the NEC is positive, which implies that the EoS parameter is in the quintessence region. For the Bianchi type-III model, the SEC is violated, which recommends that the present universe is accelerating and expanding. Also, we have observed that, if [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], then the two functional forms lead to the linear form and for [Formula: see text], the second form leads to the quadratic form, these two are interesting points in this paper. It can be observed that the stability analysis of the obtained models background solutions is discussed through perturbation techniques and observed that the background solutions are stable. The values of all the parameters in the three models match with the recent cosmological observations.
Zagreb energy of some classes of graphs
Authors: Shooshtari Hajar , Hatefi Hakimeh , Cancan Murat
Published: January 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph with [Formula: see text] vertices and [Formula: see text] is the degree of its [Formula: see text]th vertex ([Formula: see text] is the degree of [Formula: see text]), then the Zagreb matrix of [Formula: see text] is the square matrix of order [Formula: see text] whose [Formula: see text]entry is equal to [Formula: see text] if the [Formula: see text]th and [Formula: see text]th vertex of [Formula: see text] are adjacent, and zero otherwise. The Zagreb energy [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the Zagreb matrix. In this paper, we compute the Zagreb energy for some of the specific graphs, edge deleted graphs and complements graphs. Moreover, some properties of the eigenvalues and bounds for Zagreb energy are also discussed.
(Invited) Coupling Solar Energy into Catalytic CO2 Conversion
Authors: Xiong Yujie
Published: January 2022

Considering the excessive emission of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) caused by the combustion of fossil fuels, the sunlight-driven CO2 reduction into higher energy chemicals, such as carbon monoxide, formic acid, methanol or methane, offers a more promising approach to alleviate both global warming and energy crisis. Designing new photocatalytic materials for improving the photoconversion efficiency is a promising route to achieve this goal. Despite the invention of a large number of catalytic materials with well-defined structures, their overall efficiency in photocatalysis is still quite limited as the three key steps - light harvesting, charge generation and separation, and charge transfer to surface for redox reactions - have not been substantially improved. To improve each step in the complex process, there is a major trend to develop materials based on inorganic hybrid structures, in which surface and interface engineering holds the promise for boosting the overall efficiency. In this talk, I will demonstrate several different approaches to designing inorganic hybrid structures with improved photocatalytic performance via surface and interface engineering. It is anticipated that this series of works open a new window to rationally designing inorganic hybrid materials for photo-induced applications.
(Invited) Improve Electrodes' Electrochemical Performance for HER and OER By Hydrogenation Treatment
Authors: Chen Xiaobo
Published: January 2022

Hydrogen production through electrolysis has been regarded as one of the most promising solutions for large-scale production of clean fuels. However, most electrodes have large overpotentials in the HER and OER reactions during the water splitting process. Many approaches and methods have been developed to enhance the electrodes' performance. Here, we would like to present our studies on the hydrogenation of various electrode materials for HER and OER applications. We aim to reveal the structure-property-performance relationship for those electrodes after hydrogenation treatment. We wish our work could provide useful information and will be honored if our work can inspire new discovery and finding in the related fields to advance our understanding and technologies for efficient hydrogen production through electrolysis.
Electrospinning to Prepare Nanostructured Photocatalysts and Photoelectrodes
Authors: Einert Marcus , Bloesser André , Marschall Roland
Published: January 2022

Electrospinning is a well-known, simple and fast method to prepare polymer fibers with diameters of 100-500 nm and lengths up to several micrometers.[1] Since for many semiconductor materials the charge carrier diffusion length is a critical parameter restricting photocatalytic or photoelectrochemical performance, we use the electrospinning approach to prepare nanostructured metal oxide nanofibers.[2] Directly after electrospinning, such nanofibers still contain spinning polymer, after calcination crystalline metal oxide nanofibers with diameter of 100-200 nm can be prepared.[3] Using the electrospinning technique, it is also possible to prepare fibrous photoelectrodes directly onto conducting substrates in a one step process.[4,5]

Nanofibers of the (111)-layered perovskite materials Ba5Ta4O15 are built up from small single crystals, and are able to generate hydrogen without any co-catalyst in photocatalytic reformation of methanol. After photodeposition of Rh-Cr2O3 co-catalysts, the nanofibers show better activity in overall water splitting compared to sol–gel-derived powders.[3]

Hollow a-Fe2O3 nanofibers and core–shell-like a-Fe2O3/indium-tin oxide (ITO) nanofiber composites were utilized as a photoanode for solar water splitting, the latter showing a doubled photocurrent compared to the hollow fiber photoanodes. This can be most likely be attributed to fast interfacial charge carrier exchange between the highly conductive ITO nanoparticles and a-Fe2O3, thus inhibiting the recombination of the electron–hole pairs in the semiconductor by spatial separation.[4]

CuO photocathodes were directly prepared via electrospinning onto FTO, and calcination studies were performed to systematically characterize their crystallographic and structural evolution.[5] The higher the annealing temperature, the more developed are the crystalline domains of the nanofibers, which results in better conductivity and less defect sites serving as trap states for the photo-excited charge carriers. Hence, the CuO nanofiber photocathodes annealed at 800 °C showed the highest photoresponse and stability. No decrease in the photocurrent density after prolonged operation in aqueous electrolyte was observed.

References

[1] A. Greiner, J. H. Wendorff, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5670-5703.

[2] R. Ostermann, J. Cravillon, C. Weidmann, M. Wiebcke, B. M. Smarsly, Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 442-444.

[3] N. C. Hildebrandt, J. Soldat, R. Marschall, Small
2015, 11, 2051–2057.

[4] M. Einert, R. Ostermann, T. Weller, S. Zellmer, G. Garnweitner, B. M. Smarsly, R. Marschall, J. Mater. Chem. A
2016, 4, 18444-18456.

[5] M. Einert, T. Weller, T. Leichtweiss, B. M. Smarsly, R. Marschall, Chem. Photo. Chem. 2017, 1, 326-340.

Figure 1
Large Band Gap Photoabsorbers for Tandem Water Splitting Devices
Authors: Crovetto Andrea , Kuhar Korina , Vesborg Peter C. K. , Hansen Ole , Pandey Monish , Jacobsen Karsten , Thygesen Kristian , Chorkendorff Ib , Seger Brian
Published: January 2022

This talk will first discuss the parameters necessary for an optimal water-splitting device using a web based modeling program we developed (SolarFuelsModeling.com).1 The results from this show an optimal a tandem device for water splitting needs photoabsorbers with band gaps of ~2.0 eV and 1.1 eV. After a short review on our work on small band gap Si photoelectrodes,2-4 we will then discuss our combined computational and experimental approach to finding highly efficient large band gap photoabsorbers.5 Using computational modeling, we investigated ABS3 type sulfides and found 15 materials with a reasonable band gap, a direct band gap, low effective electron/hole mass and that are relatively defect tolerant. One of these proposed materials, LaYS3 has already been tested and shows a direct band gap near 2 eV and a fluorescence spectra indicating no significant mid gap states as shown in the image below.

Seger, B.; Hansen, O.; Vesborg, P. C. K., A Flexible Web-Based Approach to Modeling Tandem Photocatalytic Devices. Solar RRL
2017,
1 (1), n/a-n/a.

Mei, B.; Permyakova, A. A.; Frydendal, R.; Bae, D.; Pedersen, T.; Malacrida, P.; Hansen, O.; Stephens, I. E. L.; Vesborg, P. C. K.; Seger, B.; Chorkendorff, I., Iron-Treated NiO as a Highly Transparent p-Type Protection Layer for Efficient Si-Based Photoanodes. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
2014,
5 (20), 3456-3461.

Mei, B.; Seger, B.; Pedersen, T.; Malizia, M.; Hansen, O.; Chorkendorff, I.; Vesborg, P. C. K., Protection of p(+)-n-Si Photoanodes by Sputter-Deposited Ir/IrOx Thin Films. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
2014,
5 (11), 1948-1952.

Seger, B.; Pedersen, T.; Laursen, A. B.; Vesborg, P. C. K.; Hansen, O.; Chorkendorff, I., Using TiO2 as a Conductive Protective Layer for Photocathodic H-2 Evolution. Journal of the American Chemical Society
2013,
135 (3), 1057-1064.

Kuhar, K.; Andrea, C.; Monish, P.; Kristian, S. T.; Brian, S.; Peter, V.; Ole, H.; Chorkendorff, I.; Karsten, W. J., Sulfide Perovskites for Solar Energy Conversion Applications: Computational Screening and Synthesis of the Selected Compound LaYS3. Energy & Environmental Science
2017,
Accepted.

Figure 1
Electrodeposited Thin Conformal TiO2 Coating Enabling Stable Operation of BiVO4 Photoanodes in Basic Media
Authors: Lee Dongho , Choi Kyoung-Shin
Published: January 2022

Producing hydrogen via solar water splitting using a photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) persists as one of the most exciting research topics in the field of solar fuels. The construction of efficient PECs requires the integration of multiple components including a photoanode, a photocathode, an oxygen evolution catalyst, and a hydrogen evolution catalyst. Therefore, the compatibility and stability of all of these elements in a given operating condition are crucial. When the stability of a semiconductor electrode used as the photoanode or photocathode is limited in an acidic or basic condition which is optimum for the operation of the other components, a thin protective layer has been deposited on the semiconductor surface to prevent its chemical dissolution. Surface coating of a thin and conformal TiO2 layer has been proven to be successful for protecting photoelectrodes since TiO2 is chemically and electrochemically stable in a wide range of pH conditions under both anodic and cathodic conditions.

In order to prevent the semiconductor surface from coming into direct contact with the corrosive electrolyte, complete coverage of the photoelectrode with TiO2 is required. At the same time, the TiO2 layer should be thin enough not to interfere with the charge transport properties of the photoelectrode. As a result, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been the only successful tool used to date to produce an effective protective layer. However, the slow processing time and economic viability of ALD methods motivated us to develop an inexpensive and facile solution-based synthesis method for the deposition of high quality TiO2 coating layers.

In this presentation, we report a new electrochemical method to deposit a thin and conformal TiO2 layer on nanoporous BiVO4 that has an intricate, high surface area morphology. BiVO4 is a promising n-type photoanode material with a relatively low bandgap (2.4~2.5 eV). However, its usage has been limited to neutral and mildly basic conditions (pH 5~9) because it is chemically unstable in strongly acidic and basic conditions. Our method allows for the deposition of a 5~6 nm thick TiO2 layer on BiVO4 within 1 min and the resulting BiVO4/TiO2 electrodes exhibit chemical stability in basic solutions (pH 12~13). Sulfite oxidation measurements of BiVO4 and BiVO4/TiO2 electrodes show that the thin TiO2 protective layer does not significantly reduce the hole transfer to the electrolyte. Finally, we demonstrate the photoelectrochemical stability of the BiVO4/TiO2 electrode for photoelectrochemical water oxidation in basic solutions by coupling the BiVO4/TiO2 electrode with appropriate oxygen evolution catalysts.
Optimized Removal of Hydroquinone and Resorcinol by Activated Carbon Based on Shea Residue (Vitellaria paradoxa): Thermodynamics, Adsorption Mechanism, Nonlinear Kinetics, and Isotherms
Authors: Amola Liouna Adoum , Kamgaing Theophile , Tiegam Tagne Rufis Fregue , Atemkeng Cyrille Donlifack , Kuete Idris-Hermann Tiotsop , Anagho Solomon Gabche
Published: January 2022

The present work demonstrates the adsorption of hydroquinone (HQ) and resorcinol (R) by activated carbon based on shea residue (Vitellaria paradoxa). The adsorbent was prepared chemically by impregnation with sulfuric acid and coded by the acronym CAK-S. The central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the main factors that influence the adsorption of HQ or R by activated carbon such as the initial concentration, the pH of the solution, the contact time, and the mass of the carbon on the expected response, which is the adsorbed quantity of the target pollutants. The optimal conditions obtained from the statistical analysis are as follows: concentration of 158 mg/L, pH 3, time of 120 min, and mass of 50 mg for the adsorption of HQ and concentration of 180 mg/L, pH 3, time of 86 min, and mass of 118 mg for the adsorption of R. The maximum quantities of HQ and R adsorbed are 45.02 mg/g and 33.65 mg/g, respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a good relationship between the variables involved with the coefficients of determination R2 = 98.69% for the adsorption of hydroquinone and R2 = 90.55% for that of resorcinol, which means that the model is more suitable to express the adsorbed amount according to the four optimized parameters. The experimental data obtained under these optimal conditions were simulated with two and three parameter nonlinear isotherm models as well as kinetic models. The results show that Elovich kinetic model better describes the adsorption of HQ and R, indicating chemisorption with heterogeneous active sites on the surface of CAK-S. Temkin’s two-parameter model shows that adsorption occurs on heterogeneous surfaces with a nonuniform adsorption energy distribution at the surface and Sips’s three-parameter model confirms the heterogeneity of the surface with a localized adsorption of HQ or R by CAK-S. The thermodynamics study has shown that the adsorption is endothermic (

Δ

H

0

 
>
0

) and spontaneous (

Δ

G

0

<
0

).
Intelligent Analysis on the Rationalization of Children’s Physical Education Curriculum Based on Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Hao Kexian , Zhao Kunpeng , Cao Hanqing
Published: January 2022

In the future, the majority of PE (physical education) students in regular schools will become preschool teachers. As a result, these students’ sports habits and feelings will have a direct impact on future preschool education and the training of preschool children’s sports habits. As a result, PE curriculum in preschool normal schools must adapt to the future development of preschool education. This article develops a scientific, reasonable, and valuable children’s PE curriculum by constructing the basic framework of modern children’s PE curriculum. As a result, this research proposes two RNN-based models: one is a personalized recommendation model for children’s PE curriculum—LSAPR (long short-attention point-of-interest recommendation) model, and the other is a recommendation model for children’s PE curriculum sequence LSTM-RNNSR (long- and short-term memory-RNN sequence recommendation). The two models proposed in this paper have produced good off-line experimental results in various datasets, as well as a real-time personalized point-of-interest recommendation effect in practice.
Gular Cutaneous Fibrosarcoma and Anatomophysiological Considerations for Anaesthesia in a Saddled Bichir, Polypterus endlicheri endlicheri
Authors: Phillips Savage Ayanna Carla N. , Frontera-Acevedo Karelma
Published: January 2022

Bichirs (Polypterus spp.) have frequently been studied with regard to comparative and developmental anatomy; however, very little information has been published regarding diseases, aging changes, and medical and surgical management in these species. Neoplasia represents one such example of conditions for which a dearth of information in these species exists. There has been increasing recognition of various types of neoplasms, including cutaneous tumors, particularly in ornamental fish; some of which may be related to environmental or to infectious causes. When excision of such tumors is indicated, surgical anaesthesia is required. However, special considerations may be warranted when employing immersion anaesthesia protocols in facultative air-breathing fish that can utilise the lungs for respiration. This anatomophysiological feature of Polypterus spp. may not only influence induction and maintenance of surgical anaesthesia but may theoretically have implications for drowning. Herein, we describe the management of a case of a rapidly growing gular neoplasm in a juvenile saddled bichir and considerations for surgical anaesthesia in this “lunged” species. Induction and maintenance of surgical anaesthesia using tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) in this species were found to be effective at significantly lower concentrations than standard recommended doses. Histopathological analysis identified the mass as a fibrosarcoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a cutaneous fibrosarcoma in a bichir, representing the first report of neoplasia in Polypterus spp. and the first description of surgical anaesthesia in this amphibious fish.