bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A heat transfer model and supporting experiments to guide the uniform gelation of molecular oleogels during scale‐up
Authors: Sagiri Sai S. , Samateh Malick , Pan Shihao , Maldarelli Charles , John George
Published: March 2023

The quest for novel vegetable oil structuring strategies has been progressing since the discovery of the deleterious impacts of trans fats. Although oleogelation using bioderived molecular gelators has been proven to be successful as an alternative to traditional hydrogenation methods, efforts are needed to meet the industrial requirements. A major constraint during the fabrication of oleogels is to achieve consistency in physical properties during scale‐up. Experiments showed that gelation fails to occur when larger volumes were prepared based on the minimum gelation concentration (MGC) of gelators, determined using the smallest oil volume (1 ml), a general laboratory practice. This observation was consistent with all the molecular gelators used in this study; sorbitol dioctanoate, mannitol dioctanoate, and 12‐hydroxystearic acid. To understand this behavior, a mathematical model was developed since gelator network propagation is governed by the cooling rate. The model indicates that maintenance of a minimal thermal gradient via uniform heat dissipation and gelation time is necessary to achieve homogeneous gel propagation across the vial. With these predictions, we hypothesized and confirmed that oleogels with constant surface area‐to‐volume ratio could result in identical gelation times and consistent physical properties (MGC, melting temperature, melting enthalpy, yield stress, solid phase content, and oil binding capacity) during scale‐up.
Searching for overlooked TDEs in the 4XMM catalogue
Authors: Sacchi Andrea , Risaliti Guido , Miniutti Giovanni
Published: March 2023

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are usually discovered as bright transients, either in the X‐ray or optical/UV band. These events are often characterized by a “super‐soft” emission in the X‐ray band, which has not been observed in any other extragalactic source, with few exceptions (novae and supersoft active galactic nuclei, AGN), which can however be distinguished by their optical behavior. By cross‐correlating optical and X‐ray catalogs and filtering for extremely steep (photon index Γ > 3) and highly luminous (LX > 1041 erg s−1) objects in external galaxies nuclear regions, we aim to detect overlooked TDEs. With our blind search, we retrieved about 60 sources. Among these, 36 sources show steeper‐than‐usual spectra, but, with their optical classification, can be considered standard AGNs. Instead, fifteen are well‐studied supersoft AGNs or TDEs, demonstrating the efficiency of our selection. The remaining 9, are previously unknown sources. Five are extremely soft‐excess dominated AGNs, while 4 sources are optima TDE candidates. In this work, we focus on these 4 latter sources.
Annual progress of clinical research on targeted therapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer in 2022
Authors: Huang Yan , Zhang Li
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of lung cancer molecular detection and precision therapy, targeted therapy has covered the entire process of diagnosis and treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients. Overall mortality from lung cancer has decreased significantly over the past 20 years, especially since the introduction of targeted drugs in 2013. In 2022, targeted therapy for lung cancer has developed rapidly. The optimization of treatment modes and the exploration of new target drugs such as antibody‐drug conjugates will broaden the selection range of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients with positive driver genes. This article reviews the latest advances in targeted therapy for driver gene‐positive lung cancer in 2022.
The landscape of investigator‐initiated oncology trials conducted in mainland China during the past decade (2010–2019)
Authors: Cao Ye , Ye Lin‐Miao , Fan Zhong , Yang Wei , Chen Li‐Ying , Mei Yun , He De‐Ying , Mo Wen‐Jin
Published: March 2023

The number of clinical trials conducted in mainland China, including investigator‐initiated trials (IITs), has increased rapidly in recent years. However, there are few data on the characteristics of cancer‐related IITs. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the landscape of cancer‐related IITs in mainland China in the past decade. All cancer‐related IITs registered on two clinical trial registries in the United States (www.clinicaltrials.gov, CT.gov) and mainland China (www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR) from 2010 to 2019 were identified. IITs were reviewed manually to validate classification, subcategorized by cancer type, and stratified by design characteristics to facilitate comparison across cancer types and with other specialties. A total of 8199 cancer‐related IITs were identified. The number of trials registered annually increased over time, especially in the last 5 years. Although interventional studies were predominant, randomized double‐blind studies accounted for only 8% of IITs. In the past decade, the trend for interventional studies conducted with different drugs increased year on year, although the increase in hormonal therapy IITs was not significant. Additionally, cancer‐related IITs were unevenly geographically distributed, with half concentrated in the economically developed cities Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangdong. We also found an increase in registration before participant enrollment (64.9% for trials in conducted in 2015–2019 vs. 40.2% in 2010–2014, p < 0.001) and data monitoring committee use (44.5% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.001) and a decrease in randomization (51.5% vs. 62.7%, p < 0.001) and funding (36.4% vs. 56.3%, p < 0.001) between these periods. We also observed changes in intervention type (decrease in cytotoxic drug therapy [34.8% vs. 48.9%, p < 0.001]; increase in targeted therapy [17.8% vs. 14.2%, p = 0.004], immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy [6.6% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.001], and immune cell therapy [9.6% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001]). Details of cancer‐related IITs conducted during the past decade illustrate the merits of oncology research in mainland China. Although the increased quantity of IITs is encouraging, limitations remain regarding the quality of clinical trials, regional imbalances, and funding allocation.
Unusual presentation of colon cancer as rectal prolapse in middle‐aged male
Authors: Penton Ashley A. , Jochum Sarah B. , Eberhardt Joshua M.
Published: March 2023

Rectal prolapse is typically a benign idiopathic condition. Rarely, rectal prolapse can be due to or associated with colorectal carcinoma. Here we present a middle‐aged gentleman with no previous medical or surgical history, who presented with rectal prolapse secondary to sigmoid adenocarcinoma.
Regioselective Reduction of NAD+ to 1,4‐NADH with a Bioinspired Metal Sulfide Electrocatalyst
Authors: Tian Shujie , Lu Sheng‐Mei , Liu Taifeng , Liu Fengyuan , Feng Chengcheng , Zhang Xianwen , Zhang Hefeng , Ding Chunmei , Li Can
Published: March 2023

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) is an important energy carrier and charge transfer mediator in organisms. The efficient and regioselective reduction of NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H is of significance in biocatalysis, nature and artificial photosynthesis, but remains challenging with artificial heterogeneous catalysts. Inspired by nature oxidoreductases where active centers are transition metal sulfide clusters, here we report that CoMo2.75Sx is efficient for the regiospecific electrocatalytic reduction of NAD+ to NADH, achieving a selectivity as high as 89 % for 1,4‐NADH. It is found that the adsorbed hydrogen and hydride formed on electrode surface are crucial for the selective formation of 1,4‐NADH. Based on isotopic effect, the C−H bond formation process by hydride transfer to NAD+ is inferred to be the rate‐determining step for NADH formation, which mimics enzyme catalyzed NADP+ reduction process in nature photosynthesis.
Batterierecycling–Technologien im Überblick
Authors: Dolotko Oleksandr , Knapp Michael , Ehrenberg Helmut
Published: March 2023

Lithium‐Ionen‐Batterien stellen eine große Herausforderung für die Abfallwirtschaft dar. Gleichzeitig können Batterieabfälle auch eine interessante Geschäftsmöglichkeit bieten. Sie stellen eine wertvolle Sekundärquelle von LIB‐Materialien dar und können durch deren Nutzung die starke Abhängigkeit von Rohstofflieferanten zumindest in Teilen reduzieren.
Sicherer Umgang mit Gefahrstoffen
Authors: Zang Martin
Published: March 2023

Im Herstellungsprozess von Lithium‐Ionen‐Batterien werden gefährliche Flüssigkeiten in großen Mengen benötigt. An die Bevorratung und Verteilung werden daher besondere Anforderungen gestellt. Das betrifft zum einen die vorschriftengerechten Rahmenbedingungen, wie auch die verfahrenstechnische Handhabung. Eine wesentliche Rolle spielt die Sicherheitstechnik.
PROTOCOL: Risk and strength factors that predict criminal conduct among under‐represented genders and sexual minorities: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chambers Aminah , Brown Shelley , Peterson‐Badali Michele
Published: March 2023

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objective of this review is to synthesize the evidence to identify risk and strength factors that predict the criminal offending in underrepresented genders and sexual minorities.
PROTOCOL: Interview and interrogation methods and their effects on true and false confessions: An update and extension
Authors: Catlin Mary , Wilson David B. , Redlich Allison D. , Bettens Talley , Meissner Christian A. , Bhatt Sujeeta , Brandon Susan
Published: March 2023

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objective is to assess the effects of interrogation approach on confession outcomes for criminal (mock) suspects.
The spectrum of angiography‐derived IMR according to morphological and physiological coronary stenosis in patients with suspected myocardial ischemia
Authors: Wang Bo , Gao Yue , Zhao Yifan , Xu Chong , Zhao Song , Li Hailing , Zhang Yi , Xu Yawei
Published: March 2023

Background

Coronary microvascular dysfunction is crucial in determining myocardial ischemia; however, the relationship between epicardial coronary diameter stenosis (DS) and the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) remains unclear. We sought to explore the distribution of coronary angiography‐derived IMR (angio‐IMR) in patients with suspected myocardial ischemia.

Methods

The study included 480 patients with suspected myocardial ischemia, all of whom underwent coronary angiography. According to the severity of coronary DS, patients were divided into three groups: mild (DS < 50%), intermediate (DS 50%–70%), and severe (DS > 70%). Angio‐IMR and fractional flow reserve (FFR) were calculated based on coronary angiography images through the principle of computational flow and pressure simulation.

Results

Of the 480 patients, the mean age was 67.23 ± 9.44 years, with 55.4% male. There were 193 (40.2%) patients in the mild group, 189 (39.4%) patients in the intermediate group, and 98 (20.4%) patients in the severe group. The average angio‐IMR of the mild group was 30.8 ± 14.9, which was significantly higher than those of the intermediate group (26.7 ± 13.0) and the severe group (17.9 ± 8.4) (p < .001). In the correlation analysis, angio‐IMR was negatively correlated with DS (rho = −0.331, p = .001) and positively correlated with angio‐FFR (rho = 0.483, p < .001). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, angio‐FFR ≤ 0.8 (odds ratio, 0.184; 95% confidence interval, 0.106–0.321) was the only independent predictor of coronary microvascular dysfunction.

Conclusion

In patients with suspected myocardial ischemia, coronary microcirculation is significantly associated with morphological and physiological coronary stenosis. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05435898)
The role of ubiquitin pathway‐mediated regulation of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Zhou Xiaoming , Fu Chengxiao , Chen Xisha
Published: March 2023

With the continuous cognition of the relationship between tumor cells and tumor immune microenvironment, immunotherapy based on the immune checkpoint blockade has achieved great breakthroughs, led to improved clinical outcomes, and prolonged survival for cancer patients in recent years. Nevertheless, the de novo or acquired resistance to immunotherapy has greatly counteracted the efficacy, leading to a 20%–40% overall response rate. Thus, further in‐depth understanding of the regulation of the tumor microenvironment and antitumor immunity is urgently warranted. Ubiquitination‐mediated protein degradation plays vital roles in protein stabilization, activation, and dynamics as well as in cellular homeostasis modulation. The dysregulated ubiquitination and deubiquitination are closely related to the changes in physiological and pathological processes, which subsequently result in a variety of diseases including cancer. In this review, the authors first summarize the current knowledge about the involvement of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system in tumor development with the ubiquitin conjugation‐regulated stability of p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog, and Myc protein as examples, then dissect the potential implications of ubiquitination‐mediated immune checkpoints degradation in tumor microenvironment and immune responses, and finally discuss the effects of therapeutically targeting the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway on immunotherapy, with the goal of providing deep insights into the exploitation of more precise and effective combinational therapy against cancer.
Vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia: Effects of sex, APOE, and baseline cognitive status
Authors: Ghahremani Maryam , Smith Eric E. , Chen Hung‐Yu , Creese Byron , Goodarzi Zahra , Ismail Zahinoor
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Despite the association of vitamin D deficiency with incident dementia, the role of supplementation is unclear. We prospectively explored associations between vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia in 12,388 dementia‐free persons from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center.

Methods

Baseline exposure to vitamin D was considered D+; no exposure prior to dementia onset was considered D−. Kaplan–Meier curves compared dementia‐free survival between groups. Cox models assessed dementia incidence rates across groups, adjusted for age, sex, education, race, cognitive diagnosis, depression, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4. Sensitivity analyses examined incidence rates for each vitamin D formulation. Potential interactions between exposure and model covariates were explored.

Results

Across all formulations, vitamin D exposure was associated with significantly longer dementia‐free survival and lower dementia incidence rate than no exposure (hazard ratio = 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.55–0.65). The effect of vitamin D on incidence rate differed significantly across the strata of sex, cognitive status, and APOE ε4 status.

Discussion

Vitamin D may be a potential agent for dementia prevention.

Highlights

In a prospective cohort study, we assessed effects of Vitamin D on dementia incidence in 12,388 participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center dataset.

Vitamin D exposure was associated with 40% lower dementia incidence versus no exposure.

Vitamin D effects were significantly greater in females versus males and in normal cognition versus mild cognitive impairment.

Vitamin D effects were significantly greater in apolipoprotein E ε4 non‐carriers versus carriers.

Vitamin D has potential for dementia prevention, especially in the high‐risk strata.
Habitat complexity, connectivity, and introduced fish drive pond community structure along an urban to rural gradient
Authors: Trovillion Daniel C. , Sauer Erin L. , Shay Gabrielle , Crone Erin R. , Preston Daniel L.
Published: March 2023

Urbanization can influence local richness (alpha diversity) and community composition (beta diversity) in numerous ways. For instance, reduced connectivity and land cover change may lead to the loss of native specialist taxa, decreasing alpha diversity. Alternatively, if urbanization facilitates nonnative species introductions and generalist taxa, alpha diversity may remain unchanged or increase, while beta diversity could decline due to the homogenization of community structure. Wetlands and ponds provide critical ecosystem services and support diverse communities, making them important systems in which to understand the consequences of urbanization. To determine how urban development shapes pond community structure, we surveyed 68 ponds around Madison, Wisconsin, USA, which were classified as urban, greenspace, or rural based on surrounding land use. We evaluated how landscape and local pond factors were correlated with the alpha diversity of aquatic plants, macroinvertebrates, and aquatic vertebrates. We also analyzed whether surrounding land use was associated with changes in community composition and the presence of specific taxa. We found a 23% decrease in mean richness (alpha diversity) from rural to urban pond sites and a 15% decrease from rural to greenspace pond sites. Among landscape factors, adjacent developed land, mowed lawn cover, and greater distances to other waterbodies were negatively correlated with observed pond richness. Among pond level factors, habitat complexity was associated with increased richness, while nonnative fishes were associated with decreased richness. Beta diversity was relatively high for all ponds due to turnover in composition between sites. Urban ponds supported more nonnative species, lacked a subset of native species found in rural ponds, and had slightly higher beta diversity than greenspace and rural ponds. Our results suggest that integrating ponds into connected greenspaces, maintaining riparian vegetation, preventing nonnative fish introductions, and promoting habitat complexity may mitigate the negative effects of urbanization on aquatic richness. While ponds are small in size and rarely incorporated into urban conservation planning, the high beta diversity of distinct pond communities emphasizes their importance for supporting urban biodiversity.
Discriminating promiscuous from target‐specific autoantibodies in COVID‐19
Authors: Lebedin Mikhail , García Clara Vázquez , Spatt Lisa , Ratswohl Christoph , Thibeault Charlotte , Ostendorf Lennard , Alexander Tobias , Paul Friedemann , Sander Leif Erik , Kurth Florian , de la Rosa Kathrin
Published: March 2023

Diverse autoantibodies were suggested to contribute to severe outcomes of COVID‐19, but their functional implications are largely unclear. ACE2, the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor and a key regulator of blood pressure, was described to be one of many targets of autoantibodies in COVID‐19. ACE2 in its soluble form (sACE2) is highly elevated in the blood of critically ill patients, raising the question of whether sACE2:spike complexes induce ACE2 reactivity. Screening 247 COVID‐19 patients, we observed elevated sACE2 and anti‐ACE2 IgG that were poorly correlated. Interestingly, levels of IgGs recognizing ACE2, IFNα2, and CD26 strongly correlated in severe COVID‐19, with 15% of sera showing polyreactivity versus 4.1% exhibiting target‐directed autoimmunity. Promiscuous autoantibodies failed to impair the activity of ACE2 and IFNα2, while only specific anti‐IFNα2 IgG compromised cytokine function. Our study suggests that the detection of autoantibodies in COVID‐19 is often attributed to a promiscuous reactivity, potentially misinterpreted as target‐specific autoimmunity with functional impact.
Investigation of pain sensitivity following 3 nights of disrupted sleep in healthy individuals
Authors: Hertel E. , McPhee M. E. , Petersen K. K.
Published: March 2023

Background

Poor quality sleep is a common complaint among people with chronic pain. The co‐occurrence of poor sleep quality and chronic pain often comes with increased pain intensity, more disability and a higher cost of healthcare. Poor sleep has been suggested to affect measures of peripheral and central pain mechanisms. To date, sleep provocations are the only models proven to affect measures of central pain mechanisms in healthy subjects. However, there are limited studies investigating the effect of several nights of sleep disruption on measures of central pain mechanisms.

Methods

The current study implemented three nights of sleep disruption with three planned awakenings per night in 30 healthy subjects sleeping at home. Pain testing was conducted at the same time of day at baseline and follow‐up for each subject. Pressure pain thresholds were assessed bilaterally on the infraspinatus and gastrocnemius muscles. Using handheld pressure algometry, suprathreshold pressure pain sensitivity and area were also investigated on the dominant infraspinatus muscle. Cuff‐pressure pain detection and tolerance thresholds, temporal summation of pain and conditioned pain modulation were investigated using cuff‐pressure algometry.

Results

Temporal summation of pain was significantly facilitated (p = 0.022), suprathreshold pain areas (p = 0.005) and intensities (p < 0.05) were significantly increased, and all pressure pain thresholds were decreased (p < 0.005) after sleep disruption compared to baseline.

Conclusions

The current study found that three consecutive nights of sleep disruption at home induced pressure hyperalgesia and increased measures of pain facilitation in healthy subjects, which is consistent with previous findings.

Significance

Poor quality of sleep is often experienced by patients with chronic pain, with the most common complaint being nightly awakenings. This exploratory study is the first to investigate changes in measures of central and peripheral pain sensitivity in healthy subjects after sleep disruptions for three consecutive nights without any restrictions on total sleep time. The findings suggest that disruptions to sleep continuity in healthy individuals can induce increased sensitivity to measures of central and peripheral pain sensitization.
A new digital surface crack image monitoring technology for coal failure
Authors: Li Yankui , Qiao Xiaoguang , Nie Baisheng , Wu Shiyue , Zhao Tao , Huang Yuxi , Zhang Xinghua
Published: March 2023

The experimental study on the variation law of coal fracture and stress was carried out in the laboratory and engineering fields, respectively. A multiparameter monitoring system including electromagnetic radiation and a high‐speed camera was built, and three stress paths, uniaxial compression, cyclic loading, and graded loading, were used to monitor the dynamic expansion process of surface cracks during uniaxial compression failure of coal specimens. Through the quantitative analysis of the electromagnetic radiation signal in the crack propagation process, it is found that the electromagnetic radiation and the stress change trend are consistent, and the electromagnetic radiation signal is ahead of the failure of coal‐generating rock mass 1–2 s. The surface crack changes after the peak value of electromagnetic radiation and presents a stepwise growth trend, crack length changes on the millisecond time scale, and the crack propagation speed is about 2000 mm/s. The surface cracks appear when the stress reaches a certain degree, and the propagation of the principal cracks is consistent with the failure of the specimen. The electromagnetic radiation value of the coal mass from static period to dynamic is analyzed by using electromagnetic radiation at the engineering site, and it was found that the electromagnetic radiation is consistent with the stress distribution of the mining face. Through normalization, the variation rule of electromagnetic radiation in laboratory and engineering sites is similar, but the peak value of electromagnetic radiation in engineering sites is more significant. Therefore, electromagnetic radiation has a good monitoring effect on the stress distribution and cracks propagation of underground coal mining working faces, which could guide the layout of underground drilling.
It goes both ways: The relationship between anxiety and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Jain Neha , Wang Yueting , Zhang Yingjin , Jacobsen Erin , Andreescu Carmen , Snitz Beth E. , Chang Chung‐Chou H. , Ganguli Mary
Published: March 2023

Objective

To investigate the relationship between anxiety and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and whether it is mediated by perceived stress, at the population level.

Method and design

In a longitudinal study of 368 adults aged 65+ from a population‐based cohort, we annually assessed anxiety symptoms (GAD‐7), perceived stress (PSS‐4), and ratings on the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR®), where CDR = 0.5 was operationalized as MCI. Examining data from three consecutive assessment waves, we first determined the associations between anxiety at the first wave with MCI at the third wave, and vice versa. We then used mediation analyses to determine whether the pathways in both directions were mediated by perceived stress at the second wave, adjusting for demographics and other relevant covariates.

Results

We confirmed significant bidirectional longitudinal associations between anxiety and MCI. Perceived stress was detected as a significant mediator for both pathways between anxiety and MCI, explaining 37.1% of the total effect (TE) of anxiety on incident MCI while conversely explaining 27.1% of the TE of MCI on anxiety.

Conclusions

A bidirectional relationship with a 2‐year lag between anxiety and MCI was mediated through perceived stress. Clinicians should be sensitive both to potential consequent anxiety when patients present with cognitive impairment, and to potential incipient MCI when the presenting complaint is anxiety. Managing stress may help mitigate adverse outcomes.
Prioritizing sufficient dose to gross tumor volume over normal tissue sparing in intensity‐modulated radiotherapy treatment of T4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Zhang Quxia , Lu Tianzhu , Hu Cairong , Zong Jingfeng , Xu Yun , Zheng Wei , Chen Lisha , Lin Senan , Qiu Sufang , Xu Luying , Pan Jianji , Guo Qiaojuan , Lin Shaojun
Published: March 2023

Background

In intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), priority is often given minimize dose to the critical organs at risk (OARs) to avoid potential morbid sequelae. However, in T4 NPC, dosimetric inadequacy enforced by dose constraints on OARs may significantly impact tumor control.

Methods

This was a single‐institute cohort that patients diagnosed between July 2005 and December 2010 with T4 NPC treated with IMRT. All patients were re‐classification according to the 7th‐AJCC stage.

Results

Overall, the average doses such as Dmax, D1%, D2% and D1cc for various Central nervous system (CNS) OARs including brainstem, optic nerve, chiasm, temporal lobes and spinal cord were found to exceed published guidelines as RTOG0225. However, no clinical toxicities were seen during the follow‐up period except for 13% patients with temporal lobe necrosis.

Conclusion

Our retrospective review showed that its feasible to maximize gross tumor volume dose coverage while exceeding most CNS OAR constraint standards, with ideal local control and no obvious increase of craniocerebral toxicity.
Impact on habitual crossfit participant's exercise behavior, health, and well‐being: A cross‐sectional survey of UK COVID‐19 lockdowns
Authors: Redwood‐Brown Athalie , Wilson Jennifer , Felton Paul
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims

The period between March 2020 and March 2021 saw an unprecedented change to everyday life due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This included the closure of businesses in the health and fitness sector. Such closures impacted people in several ways; increasing stress, reducing mental well‐being, and decreasing motivation to exercise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of UK lockdowns on the behavior, motives, and general health & well‐being of CrossFit™ gym members in the United Kingdom.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 757 CrossFit™ participants (height 1.71 ± 0.10 m; weight 76.4 ± 16.1 kg; body mass index [BMI]: 26.1 ± 4.7 kg/m²) using an online survey, which included questions pertaining to COVID‐19, lockdown behaviors, motivation, health, and well‐being. Participants also reported on their training background and exercise habits during lockdown restrictions.

Results

Differences were observed in levels of exercise (p = 0.004), motivation to train at home (p < 0.001), and the feeling of being more stressed during the second lockdown compared with the first lockdown (p = 0.008). It was also highlighted that motivation to exercise was lower and stress levels significantly higher, in the 18–24 and 25–34 age groups compared with older ages groups.

Conclusion

This study found that exercise behavior, motivation, and stress levels were significantly impacted by the second government‐imposed lockdown. It is argued that these factors need to be addressed in planning for future National lockdowns to maintain the health and well‐being of UK residents, especially in younger adults.
Associations between risk factors, developmental outcomes, and executive function in neonatal intensive care unit graduates at 2 years: A retrospective study
Authors: Miller Kerry , Prokasky Amanda , Roberts Holly , McMorris Carol , Needelman Howard
Published: March 2023

This study explores the extent to which medical and sociodemographic variables and cognitive and language skills are associated with executive function (EF) skills in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) graduates at 24 months of adjusted age. We explored cognitive, language, and EF skills in 42 NICU graduates who participated in a NICU follow‐up programme clinic. The association between risk factors and EF and the completion of the EF assessment were explored. Correlational analyses revealed that child gender was associated with EF scores. Analyses revealed cognitive skills, language skills, and multiple gestational births were associated with EF assessment completion. Our findings are among the first to examine EF skills in NICU graduates as young as 24 months of age using a multidimensional, child completed measure. Implications for NICU follow up programmes, the consideration of early interventions aimed to positively affect EF skills, and considerations for future studies are discussed.
Safe haven in adolescence: Improving parental reflective functioning and youth attachment and mental health with the Connecting and Reflecting Experience
Authors: Zayde Amanda , Derella Olivia J. , Kilbride Anna
Published: March 2023

Attachment security provides a well‐documented protective developmental function for children exposed to individual‐ and community‐level trauma, yet the effectiveness of prevention and intervention efforts targeting attachment during adolescence has been relatively underexplored. The Connecting and Reflecting Experience (CARE) program is a transdiagnostic, bi‐generational, group‐based, mentalizing‐focused parenting intervention developed to dismantle the intergenerational transmission of trauma and support secure attachment relationships across the developmental spectrum within an under‐resourced community. This exploratory study evaluated outcomes among caregiver‐adolescent dyads (N = 32) in the CARE condition of a nonrandomized clinical trial at an outpatient mental health clinic within a diverse, urban U.S. community with disproportionate trauma exposure exacerbated by COVID‐19. Caregivers predominantly identified as Black/African/African American (47%), Hispanic/Latina (38%), and/or White (19%). At pre‐ and post‐intervention, caregivers completed questionnaires regarding parental mentalizing and their adolescents’ psychosocial functioning. Adolescents completed scales regarding attachment and psychosocial functioning. Results showed a significant decrease in caregivers’ prementalizing on the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, improvement in adolescent psychosocial functioning on the Youth Outcomes Questionnaire, and an increase in adolescents’ reports of attachment security on the Security Scale. These preliminary findings suggest that mentalizing‐focused parenting interventions may be effective in fostering improved attachment security and psychosocial functioning during adolescence.
Mothering from the Inside Out: Results of a community‐based randomized efficacy trial testing a mentalization‐based parenting intervention for mothers with addictions
Authors: Lowell Amanda F. , DeCoste Cindy , Dalton Rachel , Dias Hailey , Borelli Jessica L. , Martino Steve , McMahon Thomas J. , Suchman Nancy E.
Published: March 2023

Mothering from the Inside Out (MIO) is a mentalization‐based parenting intervention developed to address challenges common among mothers experiencing substance use disorders (SUDs) and previously deemed effective when delivered by research clinicians. This randomized clinical trial was designed to test the efficacy of MIO when delivered by community‐based addiction counselors in Connecticut, USA. Ninety‐four mothers [M(SD)age = 31.01(4.01) years; 75.53% White] caring for a child 11–60 months of age were randomly assigned to participate in 12 sessions of either MIO or psychoeducation. Caregiving, psychiatric, and substance use outcomes were assessed repeatedly from baseline through 12‐week follow‐up. Mothers who participated in MIO showed decreased certainty about their child's mental states, and decreased depression; their children demonstrated increased clarity of cues. Participation in MIO was not associated with the same degree of improvement that was observed in prior trials where MIO was delivered by research clinicians. However, when delivered by community‐based clinicians, MIO may be protective against a deterioration in caregiving over time often seen in mothers with addictions. The drop in efficacy of MIO in this trial raises questions about intervention‐intervenor fit. Research should examine factors influencing MIO effectiveness to close the science‐to‐service gap common in the dissemination of empirically validated interventions.
Enhancing parental reflective functioning: A special tribute to the life and work of Nancy E. Suchman, PhD
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , DeCoste Cindy , McMahon Thomas J.
Published: March 2023

Nancy E. Suchman's contributions to the fields of infant mental health, maternal reflective functioning, and attachment‐based intervention will have long‐lasting impacts. In particular, through the development and dissemination of her intervention program, Mothering from the Inside Out (MIO), she innovated a way of working with mothers with substance use disorders that represented a paradigm shift within the field of addiction. In this introduction to the special issue, written to honor her life and work, we review Nancy's background and briefly describe her academic accomplishments. The special issue contains nine qualitative and quantitative research reports written by Nancy's colleagues and their collaborators. All nine papers pertain to the theme of understanding, measuring, and promoting parents’ capacity for reflective functioning. Four provide findings that advance our understanding of parental reflective functioning. The other five highlight insights from continuing evaluations of MIO, including new adaptations of the model. To introduce the special issue, we provide an overview of the scope of the work done within these projects. Finally, the special issue concludes with two commentaries contributed by Linda Mayes and Arietta Slade, leading scholars within the field who were also Nancy's close colleagues. Both provide insight into Nancy's impact on the field.
Ideological and political education system based on emotion analysis in large‐scale online education
Authors: Li Dongpeng , Luo Shaohua
Published: March 2023

The amount of data on the Internet is showing an explosive growth trend. The recommendation system can help users find the resources they need from a large number of videos, which has become an urgent problem to improve the effectiveness of online education. With the rapid development of Internet of Things technology, the timeliness of information collection and processing has been further improved. This paper constructs a multi‐information fusion sequence recommendation system for ideological and political online education. Specifically, the facial video information is collected by the camera, and these videos are delivered to the server. We introduce gate recurrent unit (GRU) to analyze the human expression state. By exploiting human emotion during online ideological and political video learning, we design a novel sequence recommendation system in which human emotional states and related videos are fused based on the multi‐head attention mechanism. Experimental results show that video recommendation performance can be effectively improved by introducing emotional information.
Unravelling inclusion body myositis using a patient‐derived fibroblast model
Authors: Cantó‐Santos Judith , Valls‐Roca Laura , Tobías Ester , García‐García Francesc Josep , Guitart‐Mampel Mariona , Esteve‐Codina Anna , Martín‐Mur Beatriz , Casado Mercedes , Artuch Rafael , Solsona‐Vilarrasa Estel , Fernandez‐Checa José Carlos , García‐Ruiz Carmen , Rentero Carles , Enrich Carlos , Moreno‐Lozano Pedro J. , Milisenda José César , Cardellach Francesc , Grau‐Junyent Josep M. , Garrabou Glòria
Published: March 2023

Background

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is an inflammatory myopathy clinically characterized by proximal and distal muscle weakness, with inflammatory infiltrates, rimmed vacuoles and mitochondrial changes in muscle histopathology. There is scarce knowledge on IBM aetiology, and non‐established biomarkers or effective treatments are available, partly due to the lack of validated disease models.

Methods

We have performed transcriptomics and functional validation of IBM muscle pathological hallmarks in fibroblasts from IBM patients (n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 12), paired by age and sex. The results comprise an mRNA‐seq, together with functional inflammatory, autophagy, mitochondrial and metabolic changes between patients and controls.

Results

Gene expression profile of IBM vs control fibroblasts revealed 778 differentially expressed genes (P‐value adj < 0.05) related to inflammation, mitochondria, cell cycle regulation and metabolism. Functionally, an increased inflammatory profile was observed in IBM fibroblasts with higher supernatant cytokine secretion (three‐fold increase). Autophagy was reduced considering basal protein mediators (18.4% reduced), time‐course autophagosome formation (LC3BII 39% reduced, P‐value < 0.05), and autophagosome microscopic evaluation. Mitochondria displayed reduced genetic content (by 33.9%, P‐value < 0.05) and function (30.2%‐decrease in respiration, 45.6%‐decline in enzymatic activity (P‐value < 0.001), 14.3%‐higher oxidative stress, 135.2%‐increased antioxidant defence (P‐value < 0.05), 11.6%‐reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (P‐value < 0.05) and 42.8%‐reduced mitochondrial elongation (P‐value < 0.05)). In accordance, at the metabolite level, organic acid showed a 1.8‐fold change increase, with conserved amino acid profile. Correlating to disease evolution, oxidative stress and inflammation emerge as potential markers of prognosis.

Conclusions

These findings confirm the presence of molecular disturbances in peripheral tissues from IBM patients and prompt patients' derived fibroblasts as a promising disease model, which may eventually be exported to other neuromuscular disorders. We additionally identify new molecular players in IBM associated with disease progression, setting the path to deepen in disease aetiology, in the identification of novel biomarkers or in the standardization of biomimetic platforms to assay new therapeutic strategies for preclinical studies.
椎骨動脈狭窄による小脳梗塞によって浮動性めまいと一過性に視界の上下逆転を来した1例(Dizziness and reversal of vision metamorphopsia due to cerebellum infarction caused by a vertebral artery stenosis: a case report)
Authors: 幹太 勝木 , 駿 田中 , 大賀 松本 , 光 若林 , 智之 木野 , 拓 舩越
Published: March 2023

椎骨動脈狭窄による小脳梗塞によって一過性に視界が上下逆転する現象（reversal of vision metamorphopsia: RVM）を呈した症例を経験した。症例は狭心症，高血圧，糖尿病の既往がある71歳の男性で，浮動性めまいを主訴に救急搬送された。受診2日前と受診前日に突然誘因なく浮動性めまいが出現したが，それぞれ1時間の安静で改善した。受診当日も同様の症状が再燃し悪心も伴うため発症1時間後に救急要請した。来院時のバイタルサインは安定していた。めまいや嘔気の症状が強く可能な範囲での診察では，明らかな脳神経所見の異常はなく運動麻痺や小脳失調も認めなかったが，診察中に患者が「上下が逆に見える」と訴えた。各種画像検査から椎骨動脈狭窄を伴う急性期小脳梗塞と診断し，加療目的に脳神経外科に入院した。入院後にRVMの再燃はなかった。RVMの機序は明らかでないが，本症例では後下小脳動脈領域の梗塞により，視覚と前庭系の情報を統合する前庭小脳繊維が障害されたことが原因と考えた。またRVMの症状は一過性であることが多いとされるが，後頭葉や頭頂葉，残存した正常小脳などが持つ代償機構と，視覚的錯覚からの回復が複合的に機能しているためと考えた。RVMはとくに急性期診療を担う救急外来で遭遇しうるため救急医にとって有用な訴えとなる。RVMを認めた場合は，積極的に中枢性疾患を疑い画像検査を行うべきである。
救急科専攻医は研修プログラムのどのようなところに魅力を感じるのか？(What do emergency medicine residents find attractive about training programs?: an examination of factors contributing to program selection)
Authors: 洋紀 香月 , 哲久 山田 , 勝彦 鮎川 , 欧 片桐 , 慧 有吉
Published: March 2023

【目的】救急科専攻医は，地域的な偏在だけでなく研修プログラムごとの偏在が示唆されているが，その要因はわかっていない。本研究の目的は救急科専攻医のプログラム選択に寄与する因子の分析である。【対象】対象はプログラムを有する救命救急センターで，2019年の一次応募者の有無を目的変数，2018年の救急科専門医数（以下，専門医数），同年の救急車搬送台数（以下，搬送台数），第46回日本救急医学会総会・学術集会での発表数（以下，発表数)，Facebook運用の有無を説明変数として，大学病院群と非大学病院群に分け，ロジスティック回帰分析を行った。【結果】対象となる救命救急センターは167あった。一次応募者数の合計は198人で，中央値1，最頻値0，最大値8であった。応募のあるプログラムは92（55.09%）であった。大学病院群（N=62）では，発表数はodds比1.24, 95%信頼区間：0.99–1.55，p=0.058であり，非大学病院群では専門医数はodds比1.19，95%信頼区間：1.00–1.41，p=0.04，搬送台数はodds比1.00，95%信頼区間：1.00–1.00，p=0.04であった。【結語】非大学病院では専門医数と搬送台数が，大学病院では発表数が，プログラム選択に寄与している可能性がある。
上皮化した組織より破傷風菌を分離培養し病原体診断に至った1例(Diagnosing tetanus utilizing sample procured and cultured from epithelized tissue: a case report)
Authors: 智継 中野 , 幹男 中島 , リチャード カシンスキー , 雅光 城川 , 英昭 後藤
Published: March 2023

症例は70歳代の男性。当院受診の13日前に庭で左前腕を受傷した。当院受診の6日前より左前腕のこわばりを自覚し近医を受診し，脳卒中を疑われるもCT，MRIで異常所見なく帰宅した。当院受診の3日前より嚥下困難，後頭部痛を自覚し，MRIを再検されるも異常所見を認めなかった。当科受診日に前医を再受診し当院に転院搬送された。受診時は上肢，頭頚部のこわばり，開口障害，構音障害，呼吸不全を認め，人工呼吸管理とした。左前腕の創は上皮化していたが，破傷風を強く疑いメスで組織片を採取し培養検査の検体とした。検体は，好気性・嫌気性菌用輸送容器に採取した。院内での組織培養にてClostridium tetaniが検出された。同菌より破傷風毒素の産生も確認され，病原体診断に至った。破傷風は本邦の発症数は年間100件以下と稀な疾患である。破傷風菌は偏性嫌気性菌であり培養が難しく，診断は症候からの臨床診断が主体となる。また，破傷風毒素は極少量でも発症するため，毒素も抗体も検出限界以下であることが多く，病原体診断に至る症例は年間1例程度である。しかし，上皮化した組織からでも積極的に検体採取を行い，嫌気培養を行うことで確定診断される症例が増えると考える。
Diagnostic Performance of Response Assessment FDG‐PET/CECT in HNSCC Treated With Definitive Radio(chemo)therapy Using NI‐RADS
Authors: Paul Sonz , Gupta Tejpal , Purandare Nilendu , Joshi Kishore , Ghosh‐Laskar Sarbani , Budrukkar Ashwini , Swain Monali , Sinha Shwetabh , Kumar Anuj , Joshi Amit , Prabhash Kumar , Nair Sudhir , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Agarwal Jai Prakash
Published: March 2023

Objective

To assess the diagnostic performance of response assessment 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CECT) following definitive radio(chemo)therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System (NI‐RADS).

Study Design

A retrospective analysis from a prospectively maintained dataset.

Setting

Tertiary‐care comprehensive cancer center in a low‐middle‐income country.

Methods

Adults with newly diagnosed, biopsy‐proven, nonmetastatic HNSCC treated with definitive radio(chemo)therapy were included. Posttreatment response assessment FDG‐PET/CECT scans were retrospectively assigned NI‐RADS categories (1‐3) for the primary site, neck, and both sites combined. Locoregional recurrence occurring within 2‐years was defined as the event of interest. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy were calculated. Locoregional control stratified by NI‐RADS categories was computed with the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test.

Results

Posttreatment FDG‐PET/CECT scans were available in 190 patients constituting the present study cohort. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and overall accuracy of the NI‐RADS template for the primary site was 73.5%, 81.4%, 46.3%, 93.4%, and 80.0%, respectively. Similar metrics for the neck were 72.7%, 87.5%, 43.2%, 96.1%, and 85.8%, respectively. Combining primary site and neck, the corresponding metrics of diagnostic accuracy were 84.4%, 69.7%, 46.3%, 93.5%, and 73.2%, respectively. At a median follow‐up of 40 months, Kaplan‐Meier estimates of 2‐year locoregional control were significantly higher for NI‐RADS category 1 (94.2%) compared to NI‐RADS category 2 (69.4%) and category 3 (20.4%), respectively (stratified log‐rank p < .0001).

Conclusion

FDG‐PET/CECT using the NI‐RADS template is associated with good diagnostic performance and prognostic utility in HNSCC treated with definitive radio(chemo)therapy.
Developing an energy rating for bifacial photovoltaic modules
Authors: Vogt Malte Ruben , Pilis Giorgos , Zeman Miro , Santbergen Rudi , Isabella Olindo
Published: March 2023

The photovoltaic (PV) module energy rating standard series IEC 61853 does not cover bifacial PV modules. However, the market share of bifacial PV modules has dramatically increased in recent years and is projected to grow. This work demonstrates how Parts 3 and 4 of the IEC 61853 standard could be extended to bifacial modules. First, we develop an irradiance model that uses the data already given in the standard IEC 61853‐4 to calculate the irradiance on the rear side of the module. Second, we propose a way to extend the energy yield calculation algorithm IEC 61853‐3 to include bifacial modules and make it available to the PV community. This rear irradiance and bifacial energy yield calculation procedure is tested using real outdoor measurements for a nine‐month period with a root mean square difference between measured and simulated energy yield of 4.65%. To conclude, we investigate the impact of different climates and normalization on the bifacial module energy rating results.
Adaptive fault identification and reconfigurable fault‐tolerant control for unmanned surface vehicle with actuator magnitude and rate faults
Authors: Liu Chun , Zhao Xin , Wang Xiaofan , Ren Xiaoqiang
Published: March 2023

This study proposes a reconfigurable fault‐tolerant control method using an adaptive fault identification technique with application to an unmanned surface vehicle with consideration of environmental disturbances and system constraints, including both second‐order input operations (actuator magnitude and rate faults) and multi‐classification fault modeling features (lock‐in‐place or hard‐over, and loss of effectiveness). To begin with, unknown parameter compensator‐based observers with adaptive projection laws are designed for the respective double‐parameter and single‐parameter adaptive fault identification cases, and it is proved that the actual input estimation and fault parameter estimation errors are bounded. Then, double‐parameter and single‐parameter adaptive reconfigurable fault‐tolerant controllers are synthesized by combining the finite‐time baseline tracking control and terminal sliding‐mode mechanism to guarantee the second‐order dynamical tracking errors converge to the origin for the proper unmanned surface vehicle operation regardless of actuator magnitude and rate faults. Finally, simulation results and comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed reconfigurable fault‐tolerant control algorithm.