bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Surface Treatment of Copper Substrates by Titanium Ions on Structure and Thermomechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Coatings on the Basis of Si-Al-N
Authors: Sergeev Viktor , Fedorischeva Marina V. , Neufeld Vasily V. , Kalashnikov Mark P.
Published: January 2014

Processing of copper substrates by Ti ions was carried out using «KVANT-03MI» equipment by means of a vacuum-arc ionic source with the titanium cathode. By X-ray and SEM methods it was established that after ionization in the surface layer of substrate the intermetallides of Cu-Ti system form. There is the CuTi3 preferred phase in surface layer of substrate depending on time of processing by Ti ions. The mechanism of formation of observable net structure of surface layer by sputtering of copper atoms by Ti ions the subsequent deposition and their crystallization in the form of microislets of CuTi3 intermetallide on surface of a copper substrate have been suggested.
Optimum Ratio of Coverings Thickness to the Diameter of the Fuel Core of the Dispersive Nuclear Fuel
Authors: Shamanin Igor , Bedenko Sergei , Gubaydulin Ildar
Published: January 2014

As a result of the conducted calculation experiments, optimum ratio of thickness of coverings to the diameter of the fuel core of the dispersive nuclear fuel was determined. It provides maximum duration of the fuel operating periods. New information about parameters of internal block effect and resonance neutrons capture in a nuclear fuel in the energy range up to 100eV is received. The research has been carried out with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, agreement № 14.B37.21.0473, 2012, August, 3rd.
Simulating the Formation of Composite Surface Structure during Electron Beam Treatment
Authors: Kryukova Olga N. , Knyazeva Anna G.
Published: January 2014

The model of phase structure formation of the surface during electron beat with modifying particles is described. The role of particles mixing in the formation of the surface layer is investigated numerically. It is shown that melt turbulent mixing leads to more fast particles dissolution in the melting pool and to more homogeneous composition in comparison with the model without mixing.
Determination of the Optimal Operation Mode of the Platinum Dehydrogenation Catalysts
Authors: Ivanchina Emiliya , Ivashkina Elena , Frantsina Evgeniya , Silko Galina , Kiseleva Svetlana
Published: January 2014

The main results of thermodynamic analysis and mathematical simulation of the deactivation of a platinum dehydrogenation catalyst by coke-generating compounds are presented. Developed model allows calculating the optimal flow rate of water fed to the reactor to maintain the conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium of the coke formation reaction and oxidation of intermediate condensation products with water. A comparative evaluation of different raw cycles of platinum-dehydrogenation catalysts is presented and shown to cause reduced production of the desired product was the change the composition of the feedstock.
Features of F2 Сenters Accumulation in Oxygen-Containing LiF Crystals
Authors: Lisitsyna Ludmila A. , Kassymkanova Raigul , Lisitsyn Viktor M.
Published: January 2014

A mechanism for correlated formation of intrinsic defects F2 centers and impurity hole centers with hydrogen bond in oxygen-containing LiF crystals is suggested.
Influence of Modifiers on the Structure and Properties of Composite Coatings System Ti-B-Fe
Authors: Galchenko Nina K. , Kolesnikova Ksenia A. , Belyuk S.I. , Dampilon B.V.
Published: January 2014

The paper studies how microalloying with amorphous boron (Bam) and zirconia (ZrO2) influences the structure and properties of boride coatings. Two factors are found to strongly affect the structure and phase formation in composite coatings produced by electron beam surfacing, especially when using thermoreactive powders: (i) high reactive diffusion between the composite and substrate components, which causes the coating structure degradation, and (ii) slight deviations from phase concentrations and equilibrium crystallization, which give rise to such nonequilibrium phases in the coating structure under the electron beam as ferroboron, ferrotitanium and binary eutectics.
Influence of the Radiation Destruction of Polymeric Insulation on its Ageing in the Impulse Electric Field
Authors: Bychkov Peter N. , Solodovnikova Olga V.
Published: January 2014

Sensitivity of the destructive doses of ionizing radiations, specifically radiolysis gaseous products to multipulse electric intensity of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and a polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) was investigated. LDPE and PMMA were found to differ significantly depending on radiation resistance and gas permeability. The service life of the materials was basically determined by the intensity of the destruction processes at the molecular level, the macrodefects were developed at the last ageing stage . It was shown that microseconds impulses did not cause accumulation of volume charge in LDPE and PMMA. It was concluded that the ageing of polymer dielectrics affected by electric microseconds impulses did not relate to volume charge accumulation in the polymers.
Synthesis and Photocathodic Protection Properties of MO/SnO2 Core-Hell Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhou Min Jie , Zhang Na
Published: January 2014

A series of MO/ SnO2(MO=MnO2, and CoO) core-hell nanocomposites were synthesized by a combined layer-by-layer technique and hydrothermal method. The results showed that SnO2or CoO loading enhanced the electron storage ability. When loading 3.0 wt% MnO2and 5.0 wt% CoO on SnO2nanotubes, after TiO2coating electrode was irradiated under UV irradiation for 1 h, the self-discharging time of the MnO2/SnO2and MnO2/SnO2core-hell nanocomposites electrodes was more than 7.5 h and 7.7 h, respectively. In addition, the as-synthesized MO/ SnO2core-hell nanocomposites coatings exhibited good photocathodic protection property for metals.
The Preparation of Porous Andalusite Refractory by Foaming Method
Authors: Zhu Qing You , Peng Weike , Deng Cheng Ji , Zhu Hong Xi
Published: January 2014

Andalusite can be used to produce porous refractory with the method of foaming and its properties are very good. The bulk density can be controlled by the quantity of foam easily. The compressive strength can reach almost 9 Mpa (1.0g/cm3). The expansion transmit by pores, the remianing andalusite and the transverse growing of mullite crystal are all good for the stabilization of sample during heating. The agglomeration of foam is bad for foaming slurry while stiring, so one way to well-distribute the pores is enhancing the strength of foams. Andalusite can prolong the lifetime of refractory.
Electroless Plating Copper on SiC Particles
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Xin Guo , Zhao Long Zhi , Zhao Ming Juan
Published: January 2014

Abstract. SiCp/Cu composites because of their excellent performance in the aerospace, carrying tools in the field with a wide range of applications, but the poor interfacial bonding limits its application. To improve the interfacial bonding between SiCp and copper, we use Copper Plating on SiCp particles coated handle. The results show that the optimal process parameters for electroless plating copper on SiC particle is followed as:CuSO4•5H2O concentration of 30g/L, EDTA•2Na concentration of 1g/L, potassium ferrocyanide concentration of 2g/L, potassium sodium tartrate concentration 105g/L, plating temperature is 50°C, plating time was 40 minutes.With the increase of the pH from 10 to 13, the uniform dense electroless plating copper exists on SiC particle. With increase of temperature of electroless plating bath, the smooth copper coating on SiC particle can be obtained at 50°C.
The Design and Preparation of X Band Absorbing Insulation Coatings
Authors: Chen Dong Wei , Wu Fan , Yu Xue Hong , Liao Chang Jun , Hao Wan Jun , Wang Ming Ming , Yi Ying Ying , Zhao Hui Chao , Dong Yi Feng
Published: January 2014

According to the principle of electromagnetic wave absorption, functionally reforming thermal insulating materials for building, through designing and theoretically simulating of the λ/4 model, using carbon fiber film, the article has successfully prepared insulation coatings for X-band electromagnetic wave absorption. Result shows, with the thickness of 3.0 mm in 8 ~ 12 GHz band, 100% of bandwidth below-10 dB can be reached. New materials can be used such as the surface of the thermal insulation of buildings and X-band electromagnetic interference protection.
Effects of Bias on Optical and Chemical Bonding Properties of Germanium Carbon Films
Authors: Che Xing Sen , Liu Zheng Tang
Published: January 2014

Amorphous hydrogenated Ge1-xCx films are prepared by radio frequency (RF) magnetron cosputtering using Ge/graphite composite target and their composition, optical and chemical bonding properties as a function of bias have been investigated. The results show a decrease in the deposition rate with increasing bias, and the optical gap nearly keep constant due to effects of both composition and chemical bonding. Through the analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we find that the content of Ge-C bonds first increases and then decreases as increasing bias while the Ge-O bond decreases monotonically.
Research on the Properties and Making Methold of Multi Alcohol Modification Particles ER Fluid
Authors: Tan Suo Kui , Song Xiao Ping , Ji Song , Zhao Hong , Yang Ya Sheng , Guo Hong Yan , Wu Min
Published: January 2014

This paper emphasis has researched the microstructure, mechanics properties of multi alcohol modification particles ER fluid,compared the difference of microstructure and properties modification by multi alcohol, it has grasped the law of microstructure and mechanics properties of multi alcohol-Ti-O particles ER fluid.
Experimental Investigation on Radiation Characteristic of Nanofluids for Direct Absorption Solar Collectors
Authors: He Qin Bo
Published: January 2014

In this article, Cu-H2O, Co-H2O, MWCNT-H2O nanofluids were prepared through two-step method. The transmittance of nanofluids over solar spectrum (250 to 2500nm) was measured by the UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer based on integrating sphere principle. The factors of various particle size, mass fraction and optical path influencing transmittance of nanofluids were investigated. The experimental results show that the transmittance of the three nanofluids is much less than that of deionized water. The transmittance decreased with the nanoparticle size and mass fraction increasing, but increased with the optical path length reducing. With the same mass fraction, the transmittance of MWCNT-H2O nanofluids is the minimum. The transmittance of Co-H2O nanofluids is higher than that of Cu-H2O nanofluids within 250~775nm wavelength range, while inverse in 775~1370nm wavelength range. It indicates that different particle has diverse light absorption properties in different wavelength range.
Effects of the Sputtering Time of AlN Buffer Layer on the Quality of ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Zhao Xiang Min
Published: January 2014

ZnO thin films with different thickness (the sputtering time of AlN buffer layers was 0 min, 30 min,60 min, and 90 min, respectively) were prepared on Si substrates using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering system.X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), Hall measurements setup (Hall) were used to analyze the structure, morphology and electrical properties of ZnO films.The results show that growth are still preferred (002) orientation of ZnO thin films with different sputtering time of AlN buffer layer,and for the better growth of ZnO films, the optimal sputtering time is 60 min.
Enhancement of Carbon Dioxide Mass Transfer Rate by (Ionic Liquid)-in-Water Emulsion
Authors: Liu Hong Jing , Pan Yang , Yao Hui , Zhang Ying
Published: January 2014

Effects of dispersed ionic liquid (IL) on physical absorption of CO2in aqueous solution were investigated in the study. IL-in-water emulsion had been prepared, whose continuous phase was surfactant aqueous solution, and dispersed phase was an ionic liquid, 1-octyl-3 methyl imidazole hexafluoride phosphate. The morphololgy of dispersion had been observed by visual method. The CO2concentrations in the bulk of the absorption solvent were calculated. Results show that the enhancement of carbon dioxide mass transfer was realized by IL-in-water emulsion. The reason for the increase of CO2mass transfer rates by dispersed ionic liquid has been attributed to the increase of mass transfer driving force depending on shuttle effect.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Chitosan Films Incorporated with Florida Mandarin Oil
Authors: Zhang Yun Bin , Wang Jing Wen , Jiang Ping Ping , Li Yue Xia , Liu Xiao Yu
Published: January 2014

Florida mandarin oil-chitosan composite films were prepared with chitosan (CS), Florida mandarin oil (FMO) by casting-evaporation-alkali leaching method. Influences of FMO to mechanical properties, water contact angle, water-solubility of films were evaluated. The results demonstrated that decrease of film tensile strength was caused by addition of FMO. When FMO content was 4%, elongation at break reached the maximum (2.81±0.01%). Water contact angle and solubility of film increased with increase of FMO content, maximums were 81.80±0.09° and 1.51±0.02 mg/100 g H2O, respectively.
Study on Adsorption of Methylene Blue by Sarch-g-Polyacrylamide
Authors: Wang Xu Man , Zhang Cai Ning
Published: January 2014

By means of grafting polymerization, cross-linked starch-g-polyacrylamide (starch-g-PAM) was prepared and used to adsorb methylene blue (MB). Adsorption isotherm and kinetic of the sorption process were studied. The experimental results demonstrated that the prepared starch-g-PAM was an effective adsorbent for removal of MB from aqueous solution. The adsorption of MB by starch-g-PAM was Freundlich type, and the adsorption equation was caculated to be . Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics analysis demonstrated that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model.
Analysis on Unfrozen Water Content of Mohe Permafrost Based on NMR Method
Authors: Yu Hao Lin , Wang Wei , Ma Yuan Shun , Xu Xue Yan
Published: January 2014

Unfrozen water content has an important influence on the physical and mechanical properties of frozen soil. Little research has been done on unfrozen water content of permafrost in the Northeast Region, China, so the experimental investigation was performed on Mohe permafrost (4 kinds of samples were taken from 4 kinds of undisturbed frozen soil) based on NMR method, and the relationship and between frozen temperatures (-1°C, -4°C, -7°C, -11°C, -14°C, -16°C) and unfrozen water content was obtained. The test results indicate that, Unfrozen water content decreased with the reduction of frozen temperature of permafrost and there was a power function relationship between unfrozen water content and frozen temperature. The unfrozen water content reduction of No.3 sample was the slowest, because it had the lowest water content and the least frost-heave and thawed amount. It also can be attained that ice content of Mohe permafrost became more and more, but bound water and free water content got less and less while frozen temperature fell continuously.
Effect of Water-Binder Ratio and Mineral Admixture on Frost Scaling Resistance of Concrete
Authors: Li Zhong Hua , Xu Hui , Su Chao , Zheng Duo , Yang Jia Liang
Published: January 2014

In order to increase freeze-salt scaling resistance of concrete, effect of water-binder ratio, fly ash, slag and silica fume on freeze-salt scaling resistance are researched according to the CDF method. The results show that the scaled mass and the dynamic modulus of elasticity loss rate of the concrete are reduced with decreasement of water-binder ratio. When mineral admixture compound is added into concrete the scaled mass and the dynamic modulus of elasticity loss rate are also reduced. Compared with fly ash and slag the trend is more obvious as result of fume and slag added. The scaled mass and the loss rate of dynamic elasticity modulus are slightly reduced with decreasement of fly ash and slag. But the scaled mass and the loss rate of dynamic elasticity modulus are obviously reduced with increasement of silica fume and slag.
Well Pattern Optimization Design for CBM Development
Authors: Zhao Gang , Tang Shu Heng , Jian Xiao Fei
Published: January 2014

CBM well pattern optimization is the key issue for CBM development. Usually the selection of well pattern is a problem to coordinate the cumulative productivity and recovery. For finding the optical well spacing, this article will coordinate the two parameters after they are transformed into dimensionless form. And the economic research for the optimal well spacing is adopted as a supplemented proof. Finally the CBM well pattern of the block in North Qinshui basin must be a square well pattern the 300m×300m is regarded as the optimal well spacing.
Quantitative Phase Analyses of a Slag Using X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Authors: Zeng Wei Jin , Zeng Chao , He Wei
Published: January 2014

The quantitative phase analyses of a slag have been successfully carried out by using both of the full-profile Rietveld and RIR methods from X-ray powder diffraction data. The qualitative phase analysis indicates that the slag contains mayenite (CaO)12(Al2O3)7, olivine Ca2(SiO4), gehlenite Ca2Al (AlSiO7), lemite Ca2(SiO4) and hibonite CaO(Al2O3)6. The quantitative analysis from Rietveld refinement shows that the weight concentrations of mayenite, olivine, gehlenite, lemite and hibonite for the slag are 48.8(4) wt.%, 32.2(5) wt.%, 11.0(9) wt.%, 6.2(1.1) wt.% and 1.8 (1.2) wt.%, respectively. The quantitative phase analysis results obtained by Rietveld method are more precise then those by RIR method.
Experiment on Decarburization of High Carbon Fly Ash and Preparation of Concrete
Authors: Zhang Qin , Mao Song , Jiang Mao , Chen Xiao Dong , Cheng Wei
Published: January 2014

The raw fly-ash applied in this study has an ignition loss of 17.30 %. The results of floatation experiment show 4.40 % coal content of tailing ash. The screen analysis results on decarburized fly ash shows that the content of +45 μm is above 12 %, failing to meet the quality of Grade I fly ash determined in the standard of China. Therefore, the decarburized fly ash was processed by grinding to meet the required quality. The analysis of the main constituents of different grinding methods conducted for tail fly ash shows that fly ash obtained by open circuit ball mill are the most suitable one used as admixture of concrete. Comparisons were made on the compressive strength and bending strength of 7d and 28d under the conditions of non-grinding and five ways of grinding. The test results show that grinding can improve the compressive strength of fly ash concrete. By way of closed-circuit grinding rod mill, concrete, can fly ash concrete strength be increased remarkablely.
The Research of Hardox400 HSLA Steels Weldability
Authors: Zhang Jing
Published: January 2014

This paper deals with contact to carry on tension, bend, impact toughnesss stretch and the inclined Y type ascent experiments of the Hardox400 high strength steels welding. It research weld, fusion zone and heat affected zones micro organization of Hardox400 high strength steel in making use of the optical microscope, and prepare hot temperature, weld hot importation and empress hot temperature influence weld strength, bend and impact toughness, and the weld craft parameter can be assured under physically produces condition.
Surface Modification of SS2205 Duplex Stainless Steel by Plasma Nitriding at Anodic Potential
Authors: Zhao Shuo , Wang Liang , Xu Jiu Jun , Shan Y.
Published: January 2014

The duplex stainless steel has better pitting corrosion resistance but lacks of hardness and wear resistance. Therefore, the low temperature nitriding treatment can be used to increase its hardness and wear resistance or to gain more perfect corrosion resistance. The plasma nitriding of SS2205 stainless steel was carried out at temperatures from 693k to 753k for 4 hours at anodic potential. The nitrided samples were analyzed by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, SEM-EDX analysis, microhardness testing, wear and corrosion evaluation. The XRD analysis of all treated samples showed that the nitrogen-expanded austenite phase was formed. Both α and γ phase of the substrate were transformed into γNduring plasma nitriding. Observing the nitrided layers formed on α and γ phase, the ones situated in the austenite were thinner than the ones in the ferrite. This phenomenon was more evident at low temperature, which confirmed that the nitrogen has a higher diffusion rate in the ferrite during plasma nitriding treatment. The surface hardness of nitrided layer was increased with the nitriding temperature. The highest hardness value obtained in this experiment was about 1300 HV0.05which was 4 times as the original sample (380 HV0.05). Furthermore, through the wear and corrosion property tests, it was shown that anodic plasma nitriding improved the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel.
On Wear Resistance of Laser-Treated Striated Non-Smooth Surface of Nodular Cast Iron
Authors: Ming Zhe
Published: January 2014

This paper presents a conclusion drawn by adopting laser processing technology to form striated non-smooth surface of nodular cast iron and study the factors that affect the wear resistance at the normal temperature by means of single factor testing and orthogonal testing. It shows that the optimal conditions of wear resistance are 3-min (wear period),0.98mm (grid space), and 200 r·min-1 (otary velocity).
Corrosion Behavior of ZnAlMg Coating of Dual Phase Steel Sheet
Authors: Hao Xiao Dong , Zhang Qi Fu
Published: January 2014

The effect of different composition ratio of ZnAlMg coatings on the corrosion resistance of dual phase steel sheet was experimental studied. The results of neutral salt spray test and corrosion products analysis showed that the three kinds of ZnAlMg coatings have different rust resistance performance. Both the Zn6Al3Mg and Zn13.5Al1.5Mg coatings have high corrosion resistance than the pure Zn coating. The Zn13.5Al1.5Mg coating has better anticorrosion performance than the Zn6Al3Mg coating.
Study of Heat Treatment Technology on Medium-Carbon-Low-Alloy-Steel Large Hammer Formation of Gradient Performance
Authors: Pan Mei Ci , Liu Xiao Lie , Zou Rong , Huang Jie , Han Jia Cai
Published: January 2014

In view of the requirements of the heat treatment on low alloy steel large hammer head formation of gradient performance, mainly study the effect of austenitizing temperature on the alloy mechanical properties and organizational . The results show that: austenitizing temperatures have little effection on the experimental alloys hardness but have great effection on toughness. At the austenitizing temperature 820°C, the experimental alloy obtained the high hardness and low toughness by quenching, and obtained high toughness and low hardness by normalizing; The quenched microstructure of the experimental alloy is mainly lath martensite; the microstructure after normalizing is pearlite + a small amount of ferrite.
The Production and Utilization of Two Smelting Processes for V-Ti Magnetite
Authors: Zhang Zhao Hui , Kong Wei Ming , Zhao Fu Cai , Xie Xi Dong
Published: January 2014

In this paper, two processes for V-Ti magnetite smelting were introduced, the processes respectively are the conventional blast furnace-BOF process and the high-profile rotary hearth furnace direct reduction technology. The two kinds of processes were introduced briefly, and the problems of the two processes in the production of V-Ti magnetite were analysed. The blast furnace-BOF process with the relatively perfect, large output, high energy efficiency can't make full use of Ti in the mineral resources, in this way, the resource was wasted and the environmental were polluted, and the existence of Ti in slag can also bring a series of problems in blast furnace production. Rotary hearth furnace direct reduction technology has the advantages of high reduction temperature, low product price, flexible selection for raw materials and reducing agent, while the large scale of equipment brings a series of problems to the production and design.
Experimental Study on Corrosion Prevention of a Multilayer Coating System
Authors: Yang Huan , Qiu Shi , Lu Yu Feng , Liu Zhen Xing , Lu Fei
Published: January 2014

Aiming to the corrosion prevention of 16MnR steel surface in the light aggregate concrete, the paper applies a kind of corrosion prevention system composed of layered coating. It utilizes measurement methods such as field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy disperse spectroscopy to study the corrosion and change process of this kind of coating system in the surface of 16MnR steel in the environment of light aggregate concrete and make the evaluation on its effect of corrosion protection. The experiment result indicates that due to its mechanical masking function, the layered coating system can effectively restrain immersion of the corrosive medium in early corrosion period so as to protect the metallic matrix. With the deepening of the corrosion, the nanometer Zn particle has the function of cathodic protection on the metallic matrix, effectively enhancing the comprehensive corrosion protection ability of the coating system.
Effects of Sm and Nd on Microstructure and Properties of AZ81 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Li Quan An , Liu Wen Jian , Chen Zhi
Published: January 2014

The effect of complex adding Nd and Sm elements (0.8~4wt %) on the microstructures and properties of AZ81 magnesium alloy were studied. The results show that the microstructure of the alloy was refined obviously after complex adding Sm and Nd elements. The grain sizes were declined from 98μm to 77μm, and β(Mg17Al12) phases which had a broken network distribution in alloy were decreased. At room temperature, when the addition of Sm and Nd increased to 1.5%, 0.9% respectively, the alloy had a tensile strength of 283MPa which was 10.55% higher than the base alloy. At the temperature150°Cand175°C, the tensile strength of the AZ81 alloy with 1.0% Sm and 0.6% Nd reached 208.8MPa and 176.5Mpa respectively which was 10.01% and 8.37% higher than the base alloy respectively.
Study on Preparation and the Characteristics of Environment-Friendly Ce-Ti-Mn Conversion Coating on Aluminum Alloy 6061
Authors: Yang Xian Fang , Liang Tian Quan , Wei Wei , Deng Dong Hui , Xu Guang Qiao , Zhao Cui Hua
Published: January 2014

Preparation and the characteristics of environment-friendly Ce-Ti-Mn conversion coating on aluminum alloy 6061 were investigated by XRD, FESEM, EDS, TEM and AFM in this paper. It is indicated that coating characteristics such as the surface morphologies, microstructure and corrosion resistance, are greatly influenced by the formation technology at room temperature. The constituents and their concentration, and pH value of the conversion solution have an important role on the feature of Ce-Ti-Mn conversion film, which will significantly influence on the continuity, compactness and the crystalline structure of particles of the film. The concentrations of the main salt K2TiF6and oxidizer KMnO4have significant effect on the characteristics of the conversion coating. The Ce-Ti-Mn film grows in a lamellar way, composing of oxide and/ or hydroxide phases of Ce, Ti and Mn, some of which are amorphous. The formation mechanism of the Ce-Ti-Mn conversion coating is discussed in detail.
Effect of AlF3 Addition on Electric Conductivity of NiFe2O4-Based Cermet Inert Anode
Authors: Wei Fu Xiang , Yu Gen Xi , Wang Zhi Ling
Published: January 2014

In this study, a combination of a two-step sintering and a particle size gradation technique was used to prepare cermet samples. We focused on the impact of the AlF3 additive on the performance of the cermet. We found that the addition of AlF3 doesnt significantly improve the density and porosity of Ag-NiFe2O4, since the addition of the AlF3 did not reduce the particle size, nor did it promote the tight packing of NiFe2O4 in a spinel-based cermet. However, we did observe a significant enhancement in its conductivity. The sample with 3% additive has the highest conductivity at 22.53S·cm-1 at 900°C, nearly 3.8 times better than the pure sample. An Analysis of the cermet microstructure showed that adding AlF3 can improve wetting between the ceramic phase and the silver metallic phase. It also facilitates the distribution of silver along the contour of the ceramic particles, which contributes to the improved conductivity of the nickel-based cermet.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cobalt Alloy Coating Deposited by Electro-Spark
Authors: Jing Qi Feng , Tan Ye Fa , Tang Jian , Tan Hua , Hong Xiang , Wang Wei Gang
Published: January 2014

Stellite190 cobalt alloy coating was deposited on 45 carbon steel by electro-spark deposition. Formation mechanism, microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of the coating were researched, fracture mechanism of the coating was analyzed. The results indicate that, the coating has dense and well distributed microstructure, mainly composed of Co, (CoCrW)6C, Cr7C3. The coating presents excellent mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 731.83 MPa, a bonding strength of 213.01 MPa and good peeling resistance. The mechanism for tensile fracture of the coating is dimple fracture, and for shear fracture is cleavage fracture.
Light-Gas Eccentrically High Speed Laser Cutting of Silicon Steel on Cold Rolling Production Line
Authors: Xin Li Jun , Wang Zhi Yong
Published: January 2014

In view of the cutting speed reduced and cutting quality became poor because cutting front changes to flat and amount of lag changes to large, light-gas eccentrically cutting method was proposed. Through the experiment and analysis of the results, the conclusion can be obtained that when laser beam is before gas jet, cutting speed can be improved. While offset distance have impacts to cutting result. If the offset distance is too small, it has no difference with light - gas coaxial cutting; if the offset distance is too large, it weakens the gas jet at the cutting surface, which is not conducive to cutting. It can achieve the best results when the offset distance is 0.3mm.The cutting quality with 1.5mm diameter nozzle is better than that of 2mm. Therefore within the allowable range in the offset distance the nozzle aperture should be reduced.
Research of Milling Technique on V/Si by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Zhang Bo
Published: January 2014

V/Si binary powders were mechanical alloyed in ball milling machine. The change of microstructure of V/Si powders during mechanical alloying was investigated. The results showed that during ball milling, the size of mixture powders was reduced gradually and the particle shape transited to a ball. Silicon atoms dissolved in vanadium lattice to be a solid solution. The crystal powders were eventually to amorphous state.
Progress on Synthesis and Application of Betaine Surfactants
Authors: Cai Hong Yan , Wang Hong Zhuang , Ma De Sheng , Zhang Qun , Zhou Zhao Hui , Cheng Jie
Published: January 2014

The preparation and properties of alkyl betaine, alkyl amido betaine, α-long chain alkyl betaine, alkoxy betaine, ethoxylated betaine, and some betaine with special structures were summarized. The synthesis routes and properties of several betaines were compared. The application of betaine surfactants in chemical flooding was also reported.
Study on the Oxidation Degumming of Ramie Fiber
Authors: Meng Chao Ran , Yu Chong Wen
Published: January 2014

In this paper, ramie was degummed with hydrogen peroxide and then reduced with reducer. The reducing process can improved the strength and softness of the fiber by 20.96% and 23.88%, respectively. A comparison was made between the fiber oxidation degummed with reducing and degummed with traditional method. Compared with the fiber degummed with traditional method, the strength of the fiber oxidation degummed with reducing was 13.87% lower, but the elongation of the fiber is 12.27% higher.
A Novel Design of Heat Exchanger for Epsom Salt Cooling Crystallization
Authors: Zhang Ai Qun , Wang Yan Fei
Published: January 2014

We introduced a design of a novel cooling heat exchanger for crystallization process of MgSO4.7H2O, and described the concepts of primary nucleation and secondary nucleation. To avoid the primary nucleation during crystallization process, the super-cooling degree limit of the salt lake brine was measured to define the supersaturation limit to MgSO4.7H2O, and the result is 1.32°C at-1°C. In this design, a primary circulation of solution is employed with a large enough flow rate to control the super-cooling degree of solution not to exceed 0.7 °C. A secondary circulation of cooling media is designed to add to this system, instead of the coldest cooling media being fed to shell directly, it is fed to the circulation pipe of the shell. It will help to prevent the supersaturation of solution exceeding the metastable zone width, thus to gurantee no primary nucleation during the Epsom salt crysatllization process.
Enantioselective Reformatsky Reaction between Cinnamaldehyde and Diflurinated Organozinc Reagent: Synthesis of Chiral γ,γ-difluoro-β-hydroxy Esters as Precursors of Statin Analogues
Authors: Fang Chao , Yin Yan , Zhang Heng , Wu Fan Hong
Published: January 2014

Reaction conditions of asymmetric Reformatsky reaction between cinnamaldehyde 1 and ethyl bromodifluoroacetate 2 were investigated. Finally, (1S, 2R)-N,N-dimethyl-2-aminol-1, 2-diphenylethanol (ligand C) was proved to be the best ligand for this transformation and up to 37% ee was obtained with THF as solvent in -40 degree.
Elevated Temperature Tensile Behavior of Rheo-Cast 7075-T6 Al Alloy Produced by GISS Technique
Authors: Mahathaninwong Narissara , Wisutmethangoon Sirikul , Plookphol Thawatchai , Wannasin Jessada , Chantaramanee Suchart
Published: January 2014

Tensile properties of rheo-cast 7075-T6 Al alloy produced by Gas Induced Semi-Solid (GISS) technique was investigated as a function of temperatures from 25°C to 250 °C in order to assess the potent of high temperature applications. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy decreased steadily with increasing temperature. There was loss in strength of about 33% at 200°C and 46% at 250 °C comparing to the strength at room temperature. At T = 250 °C, the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the rheo-cast 7075-T6 Al alloy were higher than those of the wrought 7075-T651 Al alloy. Keyword: 7075 Al alloy; Gas Induced Semi Solid (GISS) technique; Elevated temperature tensile.
Process Mineralogy Study on a Sandstone Copper Ore
Authors: Fu Yan Xiong , Ge Bao Liang , Li Qing , Zhang Jing Lu
Published: January 2014

In this thesis the object of study is a low grade sandstone copper with complex composition. Through the process mineralogy research on a sandstone copper ore,the result showed that the primary sulfide copper minerals are tetrahedrite and chalcopyrite; secondary sulfide copper minerals are bornite, chalcocite and azurite; the main oxide copper mineral is malachite; the main gangue mineral is quartz. The grade of copper is 0.77% and the oxidation rate is 45.45% in the run of mine, it is an oxide copper ore with not thoroughly oxidation. There is a part of disseminated particle size of copper minerals is relatively fine. Mainly sulfide copper minerals are paragenesis with dolomite and pyrite; oxide copper minerals are often blended with limonite. So the key of obtaining the good flotation index is selecting reasonably grinding fineness and making the part of fine-grained disseminated copper full liberation.
Experimental Study on Recovery of Nickel from Nickel-Bearing Laterite
Authors: Li Xian Hai , Tuo Bi Yang , Zhang Qin , Zhang Shen Jun
Published: January 2014

It is known that to extract nickel from nickel-bearing laterite ore is not an easy job. By reducing roast-magnetic separation, an effective result is achieved in this research in dealing with nickel-bearing laterite ore due to its simple technology process and the high nickel recovery. Nickel-bearing laterite studied in this research is mainly characterized by fine disseminated grain size and easy argillation. Thus, valuable mineral (i.e. nickel oxide) can not be effectively separated from the nickel-bearing laterite ore simply by regular mineral processing technology. To solve the problem, both reducing roast and wet magnetic separation are adopted in the study with the purpose of making up the lack of dynamics so as to reduce the reduction temperature of nickel laterite. Flux catalyst is added to strengthen the reducing reaction of nickel oxide and iron oxide. The optimistic experimental conditions are determined as following: the consumption of the flux catalyst agent and the reducing agent are 5% and 4% (by weight) respectively, the reduction temperature remains at 1200°C, the reduction time is 2h, and the appropriate magnetic field intensity is 240 RA/m. The research findings show that the nickel grade of the concentrate increases from 1.58% to 5.49%, with its recovery reaching above 80 %.
Research on Bulk Floatation Discarding Tailing of Copper and Zinc Polymetallic Sulfide Ores
Authors: Xie Hai Yun , Ye Qun Jie , Zhou Ping , Gao Li Kun , Tong Xiong , Liu Ji Xing
Published: January 2014

This paper is aimed at a typical complex polymetallic copper-zinc sulfide ores in Yunnan province, China, and adopted the process of bulk floatation discarding tailing under coarse grinding condition, the influence factors are researched such as grinding fineness, types and dosage of flotation reagents. When the coarse grinding size-74μm 75% and butyl xanthate and ethyl xanthate as combination collector, The amount of flotation discarding tailing is 60% for crude ores, the tailings contain 0.058% Cu, 0.027% Pb and 0.12% Zn, the loss rate of various metals in tailing is 3.21% Cu, 5.49% of Pb and 3.35% of Zn. This research has referenced significance to economical development and utilization of copper-zinc sulfide ore resources.
Effect of Feed Solids on High Gradient Magnetic Separation of Cylindrical Magnetic Matrix
Authors: Li Ding , Chen Lu Zheng , Huang Jian Xiong , Zeng Jian Wu
Published: January 2014

Cylindrical magnetic medium (rod matrix) serves as the carrier for magnetic particles in pulsating high gradient magnetic separation (PHGMS), which has been widely applied to beneficiate hematite, ilmenite, limonite, siderite, wolframite, etc., in the mineral processing industry and to purify wastewater. The arrangement of rod elements in the matrix plays a decisive role in the magnetic field distribution and in the movement of particles in the matrix, thus generating a significant influence on the performance of PHGMS. The effect of feed solids on PHGMS is investigated in the 3 mm rod matrix of different spacings between rods in a single matrix layer, by Slice-Matrix Analysis; it was found that there is a maximum feed solids for a given matrix; beyond this feed solids, the performance of PHGMS deteriorates significantly.
Synthesis and Properties of Poly (N-arylenebenzimidazole ketone)s
Authors: Cui Xiang Wang , Zhang Lin
Published: January 2014

Two bis (benzimidazoyl) monomers were synthesized, and Poly (N-arylenebenzimidazole ketone) s were prepared by N-C coupling reaction that replaced the NH sites from the bis (benzimidazolyl) derivatives with activated difluorides monomers in sulfolane at 210 °C. All the resulting polymers showed easy solubility compared with traditional polybenzimidazoles. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric measurements showed that the polymers had high glass transition temperatures (>240 °C), good thermostability and high decomposition temperatures (>460 °C).
Arsenic Removal from Pyrite Cinders by Oxidizing Roasting with Sodium Hydroxide Addition
Authors: Bai Shao Jun , Wen Shu Ming , Zhao He Fei , Lv Chao
Published: January 2014

A craft of sodium hydroxide roasting-aqueous leaching process is investigated for the treatment of a high arsenic pyrite cinders, a common by-product in vitriol industry. The pyrite cinders, containing 58.27% Fe, and 0.98% As, was conducted for the craft. The results demonstrated that iron concentrate with 58.87% Fe, 0.13% As and 87.40% of arsenic removal percentage was obtained under the optimal conditions (a roasting temperature of 1000°C, a roasting duration of 120 min and a mass ratio of sodium hydroxide to pyrite cinders of 8%).This craft can be used to utilize pyrite cinders and produce qualified concentrate as iron-bearing feed for steel industry, which will help to solve the pollution of pyrite cinders and extend raw material sourcing for Chinese steel industry.
Floating Separation between Collophanite and Dolomite Affected by Inorganic Interaction
Authors: He Xiao Tai , Zhang Qin , Qin Shu Hao
Published: January 2014

According to the type of Guizhou marine sedimentary phosphorus ore, the main reason of refractory is the similar surface properties of collophane and dolomite.In addition,the interaction of dissolved components of mineral and external ion leads the new eguilibrium system in aqueous solution,which further affects the selective adsorption of the agent in mineral surface.Selecting collophanite-dolomite system as the research object, this article studies the effect of the interaction of some inorganic anions on the floatability difference of the two minerals in the flotation system. The effect of the interaction on the electric properties of the mineral surface and adsorption characteristics were also examined with the purpose to find out the interaction mechanism.It hopes to provide theoretical basis for practical mineral selection. The research findings shows that in the range of pH 3 to 5, the interaction of PO43- and SO42- has a better effect of the separation between collophanite and dolomite.The interactions of SiO32- and CO32- makes the floatability difference of collophanite and dolomite closer when the pH is greater than 9.25, and simultaneously shows some negative effects on the flotation separation of the two minerals.
Theoretical Calculation of Dissolution Equilibrium for Galena in Pulp Solution
Authors: Feng Qi Cheng , Wen Shu Ming , Liu Dan , Ye Zhiwen , Zhao Wen Juan
Published: January 2014

The dissolution equilibrium of galena within the entire pH range was theoretically calculated, which was based on coordination chemistry, thermodynamics and the mass balance principle of Pb2+ and S2- in pulp solution. The calculation result showed that the total lead concentration (CPbT) of galena decreased significantly with increasing pH below 7 or so; however, at pH of about 10, a reverse trend of CPbT may be observed. Within the pH range from 7 to 10, the CPbT of galena remained close and presents a minimum value of around 10-10 mol/L. This paper may provide a theoretical basis for the dissolution process of galena and its conditioning stage before benefication by adopting flotation method.
Effect of FeO Content in Ore on the Properties of Sinter
Authors: Sun Yan Qin , Liu Dong Hui , Sun Li Yuan , Lv Qing , Liu Ran
Published: January 2014

The content and stability of FeO in sinter are the important comprehensive indicators to assessing the sintering production. They not only reflect the quality and energy consumption of agglomerates, but also influence the smelting results of blast furnace. The effects of the FeO content of original ores on the FeO content in sinter and the creating ability of calcium ferrite are discussed in this paper. The results show that the content of FeO in sinter of hematite is much lower than magnetite. With the increasing of the FeO content of original ore, the FeO content in sinter increases but the content of calcium ferrite gets low, and the quantity of bonding phase hasn't apparently change.
The Experimental Research on Combining Binary Compound Flooding and Profile Control Technology to Improve Recovery Efficiency
Authors: Yuan Shao Ning , Cao Guang Sheng , Duan Xiao Wei
Published: January 2014

With the using of binary compound flooding in Jinzhou oil production plant of Liaohe Oilfield, problems like interwell interporosity flow and the unsatisfactory displacement effect occurs. The EOR method of combination of binary compound flooding and profile control technology has been adopted to solve these problems. The JSY crosslinking agent has been selected which has good compatibility with binary compound system by means of experiment of gel strength and gel time. And the formula system of binary compound flooding profile control which can improve the displacement effect of Jinzhou oil production plant has been formed after concentration optimization aim at improving oil recovery. The laboratory core plugging experiments show that the system of binary compound flooding profile control behaves better plugging effect and its plugging rate was greater than 94%. The parallel displacement experiments on low, medium and high permeability cores show that the oil recovery of binary compound flooding profile control system, which can improve the oil recovery more effectively, enhanced about 12% of oil recovery than binary compound flooding.
Study of Luming Molybdenum Mine West Zone EH4 Geophysical Prospecting and the Geological Structure Influence on Slope Stability
Authors: Huang Zhi An , E Huan Yong , Zhang Ying Hua , Gao Yu Kun , Gong Ming Shan
Published: January 2014

As the geological condition of western Luming molybdenum mine is broken and there are faults through, to find out the geological structures of west mine is quite significant for the study of Luming mine slope stability. With EH4 geophysical technology to detect west Luming molybdenum geological condition, the data of the detection point was collated and sorted out, through the inversion method, two faults F3 and F4 was inferred in the west zone of LuMing mine, which is likely to cause slope instability phenomena. What is more, at the northwest of the pit, lithology with water was composed of alluvial deposits and broken sediments, the depth of the strata with water is more than 80 miles. So the impact of water on slope stability should be fully considered during mining process.
Fuzzy Prediction of Molten Iron Silicon Content in BF Based on Hierarchical System
Authors: Li Qi Hui
Published: January 2014

A hierarchical fuzzy system model is presented based on data driving, and then, the model is used to predict the molten iron silicon content in BF. As input variables this model uses the control parameters of a current BF such as moisture, pulverized coal injection, oxygen addition, coke ratio etc. And variables employed to develop the model have been obtained from data collected online from Blast Furnace of Baotou Steel plant. This paper utilizes the fuzzy clustering algorithm combined nearest neighbor clustering and fuzzy c-means clustering to classify the input space. The simulation and error results show that the prediction based on hierarchical fuzzy model and data-driven method has good approximation and fit the output characteristics of the system. The most important point is that the number of fuzzy rules is greatly reduced.
New Method of Distinguishing X-Ray Diffraction Curves about Laser Structure
Authors: Zhang Sheng Yun , Tang Ji Long , Wei Zhi Peng , Fang Dan , Fang Xuan , Chu Xue Ying , Fang Fang , Li Jin Hua , Ma Xiao Hui
Published: January 2014

Come up with a new method of rocking curves analysis, its using the software of the double-crystal X-ray diffraction rocking curves analysis to simulate vertical cavity surface emitting laser structure. Simulate the X-ray diffraction rocking curve of each part of laser structure, and then compare with the diffraction rocking curve of the overall structure in order to acquire the adscription of each diffraction peak, the method can also be applied to other semiconductor lasers. Compared with conventional PDF card library about diffraction position of all material peaks, the method has the advantages of fast and accurately to distinguish, high efficiency. In the end, the X-ray diffraction rocking curves analysis method is applied to the MOCVD growth of GaAs based vertical cavity surface emitting laser, and quoting strain relaxation mechanisms for explaining the reasons for the partial peak drifting.