bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trend analysis of the 20-year time series of stratospheric ozone profiles observed by the GROMOS microwave radiometer at Bern
Authors: Moreira L. , Hocke K. , Eckert E. , von Clarmann T. , Kämpfer N.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The ozone radiometer GROMOS (GROund-based Millimeter-wave Ozone Spectrometer) has been performing continuous observations of stratospheric ozone profiles since 1994 above Bern, Switzerland (46.95° N, 7.44° E, 577 m). GROMOS is part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). From November 1994 to October 2011, the ozone line spectra were measured by a filter bench (FB). In July 2009, a fast Fourier transform spectrometer (FFTS) was added as a back end to GROMOS. The new FFTS and the original FB measured in parallel for over 2 years. The ozone profiles retrieved separately from the ozone line spectra of FB and FFTS agree within 5 % at pressure levels from 30 to 0.5 hPa, from October 2009 to August 2011. A careful harmonisation of both time series has been carried out by taking the FFTS as the reference instrument for the FB. This enables us to assess the long-term trend derived from stratospheric ozone observations at Bern. The trend analysis was performed by using a robust multilinear parametric trend model which includes a linear term, the solar variability, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index, the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), the annual and semi-annual oscillation and several harmonics with period lengths between 3 and 24 months. Over the last years, some experimental and modelling trend studies have shown that the stratospheric ozone trend is levelling off or even turning positive. With our observed ozone profiles, we are able to support this statement by reporting a statistically significant trend of +3.14 % decade−1 at 4.36 hPa (37.76 km), covering the period from January 1997 to January 2015, above Bern. Additionally, we have estimated a negative trend over this period of −3.94 % decade−1 at 0.2 hPa (59 km).
Source apportionment vs. emission inventories of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in an urban area of the Middle East: local and global perspectives
Authors: Salameh T. , Sauvage S. , Afif C. , Borbon A. , Locoge N.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. We applied the Positive Matrix Factorization model to two large datasets collected during two intensive measurement campaigns (summer 2011 and winter 2012) at a sub-urban site in Beirut, Lebanon, in order to identify NMHC sources and quantify their contribution to ambient levels. Six factors were identified in winter and five factors in summer. PMF-resolved source profiles were consistent with source profiles established by near-field measurements. The major sources were traffic-related emissions (combustion and gasoline evaporation) in winter and in summer accounting for 51 and 74 wt % respectively in agreement with the national emission inventory. The gasoline evaporation related to traffic source had a significant contribution regardless of the season (22 wt % in winter and 30 wt % in summer). The NMHC emissions from road transport are estimated from observations and PMF results, and compared to local and global emission inventories. The national road transport inventory shows lowest emissions than the ones from PMF but with a reasonable difference lower than 50 %. Global inventories show higher discrepancies with lower emissions up to a factor of 10 for the transportation sector. When combining emission inventory to our results, there is a strong evidence that control measures in Lebanon should be targeted on mitigating the NMHC emissions from the traffic-related sources. From a global perspective, an assessment of VOC anthropogenic emission inventories for the Middle East region as a whole seems necessary as these emissions could be much higher than expected at least from the road transport sector. Highlights: – PMF model was applied to identify major NMHC sources and their seasonal variation. – Gasoline evaporation accounts for more than 40 % both in winter and in summer. – NMHC urban emissions are dominated by traffic related sources in both seasons. – Agreement with the emission inventory regarding the relative contribution of the on-road mobile source but disagreement in terms of emission quantities suggesting an underestimation of the inventories.
Origin of oxidized mercury in the summertime free troposphere over the southeastern US
Authors: Shah V. , Jaeglé L. , Gratz L. E. , Ambrose J.L. , Jaffe D. A. , Selin N. E. , Song S. , Campos T. L. , Flocke F. M. , Reeves M. , Stechman D. , Stell M. , Festa J. , Stutz J. , Weinheimer A. J. , Knapp D. J. , Montzka D. D. , Tyndall G. S. , Apel E. C. , Hornbrook R. S. , Hills A. J. , Riemer D. D. , Blake N. J. , Cantrell C. A. , Mauldin III R. L.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. We collected mercury observations as part of the Nitrogen, Oxidants, Mercury, and Aerosol Distributions, Sources, and Sinks (NOMADSS) aircraft campaign over the southeastern US between 1 June and 15 July 2013. We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to interpret these observations and place new constraints on bromine radical initiated mercury oxidation chemistry in the free troposphere. We find that the model reproduces the observed mean concentration of total atmospheric mercury (THg) (observations: 1.49 ± 0.16 ng m−3, model: 1.51 ± 0.08 ng m−3), as well as the vertical profile of THg. The majority (65 %) of observations of oxidized mercury (Hg(II)) are below the instrument's detection limit (detection limit per flight: 58–228 pg m−3), consistent with model-calculated Hg(II) concentrations of 0–196 ng m−3. However, for observations above the detection limit we find that modeled Hg(II) concentrations are a factor of 3 too low (observations: 212 ± 112 ng m−3, model: 67 ± 44 ng m−3). The highest Hg(II) concentrations, 300–680 pg m−3, were observed in dry (RH < 35 %) and clean air masses during two flights over Texas at 5–7 km altitude and off the North Carolina coast at 1–3 km. The GEOS-Chem model, back trajectories and observed chemical tracers for these air masses indicate subsidence and transport from the upper and middle troposphere of the subtropical anticyclones, where fast oxidation of elemental mercury (Hg(0)) to Hg(II) and lack of Hg(II) removal lead to efficient accumulation of Hg(II). We hypothesize that the most likely explanation for the model bias is a systematic underestimate of the Hg(0)+Br reaction rate. We find that sensitivity simulations with tripled bromine radical concentrations or a faster oxidation rate constant for Hg(0)+Br, result in 1.5–2 times higher modeled Hg(II) concentrations and improved agreement with the observations. The modeled tropospheric lifetime of Hg(0) against oxidation to Hg(II) decreases from 5 months in the base simulation to 2.8–1.2 months in our sensitivity simulations. In order to maintain the modeled global burden of THg, we need to increase the in-cloud reduction of Hg(II), thus leading to faster chemical cycling between Hg(0) and Hg(II). Observations and model results for the NOMADSS campaign suggest that the subtropical anticyclones are significant global sources of Hg(II).
From pixels to patches: a cloud classification method based on bag of micro-structures
Authors: Li Q. , Zhang Z. , Lu W. , Yang J. , Ma Y. , Yao W.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Automatic cloud classification has attracted more and more attention with the increasing development of whole sky imagers, but it is still in progress for ground-based cloud observation. This paper proposes a new cloud classification method, named bag of micro-structures (BoMS). This method treats an all-sky image as a collection of micro-structures mapped from image patches, rather than a collection of pixels. And then it constructs an image representation with a weighted histogram of micro-structures. Lastly, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier is applied on the image representation because SVM is appealing for sparse and high dimensional feature space. Five different sky conditions are identified: cirriform, cumuliform, stratiform, clear sky and mixed cloudiness that often appears in all-sky images but is seldom addressed in literature. BoMS is evaluated on a large dataset, which contains 5000 all-sky images that are captured by a total-sky cloud imager located in Tibet (29.25° N, 88.88° E). BoMS achieves an accuracy of 90.9 % for 10 fold cross-validation, and it outperforms the state-of-the-art method with an increase of about 19 %. Furthermore, influence of key parameters in BoMS are investigated to verify their robustness.
A discussion on the existence of the anomalous high and the anomalous low
Authors: Li N.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The air flow in a three-way balance between the Coriolis force, the centrifugal force and the pressure gradient force, i.e., the gradient wind, is discussed. The author studies formation mechanisms and possible existence of four types of gradient wind (the normal high, the normal low, the anomalous high and the anomalous low), and proposes reasonable explanation of the evolution of the gradient wind, especially for the anomalous high and the anomalous low, both of which are considered to be pure mathematical solutions and are overlooked in classic literature.
PRACTISE – Photo Rectification And ClassificaTIon SoftwarE (V.2.0)
Authors: Härer S. , Bernhardt M. , Schulz K.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Terrestrial photography combined with the recently presented Photo Rectification And ClassificaTIon SoftwarE (PRACTISE V.1.0) has proven to be a valuable source to derive snow cover maps in a high temporal and spatial resolution. The areal coverage of the used digital photographs is however strongly limited. Satellite images on the other hand can cover larger areas but do show uncertainties with respect to the accurate detection of the snow covered area. This is especially the fact if user defined thresholds are needed e.g. in case of the frequently used Normalised-Difference Snow Index (NDSI). The definition of this value is often not adequately defined by either a general value from literature or over the impression of the user but not by reproducible independent information. PRACTISE V.2.0 addresses this important aspect and does show additional improvements. The Matlab based software is now able to automatically process and detect snow cover in satellite images. A simultaneously captured camera-derived snow cover map is in this case utilised as in-situ information for calibrating the NDSI threshold value. Moreover, an additional automatic snow cover classification, specifically developed to classify shadow-affected photographs was included. The improved software was tested for photographs and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) as well as Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) scenes in the Zugspitze massif (Germany). The results have shown that using terrestrial photography in combination with satellite imagery can lead to an objective, reproducible and user-independent derivation of the NDSI threshold and the resulting snow cover map. The presented method is not limited to the sensor system or the threshold used in here but offers manifold application options for other scientific branches.
Rotherham, Rochdale, and the Racialised Threat of the ‘Muslim Grooming Gang’
Authors: Tufail Waqas
Published: October 2015

For over a decade, British Muslims have been at the forefront of political, media and societal concerns in regards to terrorism, radicalisation, women’s rights, segregation and, most recently, the sexual exploitation and abuse of young women. Demonised, marginalised and criminalised due to inflammatory political rhetoric, inaccurate, irresponsible and sensationalist media reporting, discriminatory counter terrorism policies and legislation and state surveillance, British Muslims have emerged as a perceived racialised threat. This has continued apace with the onset of the Rochdale and Rotherham ‘grooming’ child sexual abuse scandals which in popular discourse have been dominated by representations focusing on race, ethnicity and the dangerous masculinities of Muslim men. This disproportionate and racist narrative served to both frame and limit the debate relating to the sexual exploitation and violence experienced by young female victims at a pivotal moment when the issue had been brought to national attention. This article compares and contrasts the representations and discourse of racialised and non-racialised reporting of child sexual abuse and situates the ‘grooming’ scandals in the context of anti-Muslim racism. It argues that the development of the British Muslim as a racialised threat is a current and on-going legacy of colonialism in which this group experiences discriminatory ‘othering’ processes resulting in their marginalisation.
Agrochemicals, Suicide Ideation and Social Responsibility
Authors: Henry Paulette Andrea
Published: October 2015

This paper examines agricultural advancement, agrochemical use, suicide ideation and social responsibility within the agriculture industry in Guyana. Suicide in Guyana is a serious public health problem. The country is ranked fourth in suicides per capita worldwide, with the highest rate amongst South American and Caribbean nations. Suicide is also ranked as the seventh of the ten major causes of death in Guyana. It is the leading cause of death among young people ages 15-24 and the third leading cause of death among persons ages 25-44. A mixed method was used, as documents were reviewed and thematic areas identified. The influence of locality and gender were both examined in this paper, as farmers in rural communities are engaged in both subsistence and commercial agricultural ventures. Some studies have shown a correlation between localities where there was an overexposure to agrochemicals and suicide ideation. Resultantly, the paper articulates that agricultural advancement must have a human face recognizing that the industry that is boosting Guyana’s economy is also contributing to the demise of a vital section of its populace. It proposes a tripartite process where all stakeholders –governments, the agrochemical industry and the consumers have a responsibility for furthering clinical research, and commit to a rigorous information, education and communication plan, which also fosters dialogue on the reduction of the dependency on agrochemicals. Highlighting education as a medium for change, the paper suggests that education needs to be more than the writings on labels and must be accompanied by enforceable protocols.
A Symbolic View of Cigarette Holders
Authors: Mulcahy F. David , Sherman Melissa
Published: October 2015

The cigarette holder became a fashion accessory for women in the early 1920s and remained popular until the 1960s. The New York Times was used as a data base to evaluate its symbolism and function during this period. It is argued that the artifact became a symbol of assertiveness for many women both in real life and fiction including the ballet mistress Bronislava Nijinska, the mythical and fictionally portrayed Dragon Lady—who was a glamorous but larcenous female war-lord, the fictional Satin Doll, an astute potential lover who would not let herself be manipulated by men, young flappers in restaurants, great, gruff ladies who were ballet aficionadas, Sappho, an overbearing Russian governess, and Nathalie de Ville, a fictional female social predator.  The article points out in detail how the cigarette holder was isomorphic, with and reflected in, the new 1920s women’s fashion silhouette which quickly replaced the somewhat “squat” Gilded Era women’s costume. It had no pinched waist, an almost nonexistent bodice and hips, and gave an overall tall, slim and graceful impression.
Fitólitos como indicadores de mudanças ambientais durante o Holoceno na costa norte do estado do Espírito Santo (Brasil)
Authors: Lima Lorente Flávio , Ruiz Pessenda Luiz Carlos , Calegari Márcia Regina , Cohen Marcelo Cancela Lisboa , Rossetti Dilce , Giannini Paulo César Fonseca , Buso Junior Antonio Alvaro , Castro Darciléa Ferreira de , França Marlon Carlos , Bendassolli José Albertino , Macario Kita
Published: October 2015

Um testemunho de 12 metros de profundidade e idade de ~47260 anos cal AP na sua base foi coletado na planície deltaica do litoral norte do estado do Espírito Santo. Esse trabalho teve como principal objetivo a caracterização do conjunto de fitólitos, auxiliado pelas fácies sedimentares, dados isotópicos (C e N) e datações 14C para reconstituir o paleoambiente. Os valores de carbono orgânico total - COT (0,16% a 3,28%), nitrogênio total - N total (0,01% a 0,09%), δ13C (-4,25‰ a -28,06‰), δ15N (-6,19‰ a 15,75‰) e da razão C/N (7,8 a 99) mostraram em linhas gerais que a matéria orgânica sedimentar foi originada a partir de fitoplâncton, e da mistura de plantas C3 e C4. A análise de fitólitos foi efetuada ao longo de 1,50 metros do perfil, e a partir dos agrupamentos por similaridade foi possível o estabelecimento de três intervalos que refletem mudanças na vegetação e provavelmente no clima a partir de ~7589 anos cal AP. No intervalo 1 (~7589 anos cal AP a ~5441 anos AP – idade interpolada), a assembléia fitolítica e os índices estatísticos de fitólitos calculados refletem uma vegetação composta pela mistura de árvores e gramíneas C3 e C4, semelhante e/ou comparável à vegetação de restinga, provavelmente sob clima quente e úmido. A análise de fitólitos do intervalo 2 (~5441 anos AP – idade interpolada a ~143 anos cal AP) sugeriu a presença de uma vegetação em mosaico provavelmente constituída por diferentes formações da restinga, sob influência de clima quente e sazonal, com períodos de estresse hídrico. A diminuição da densidade arbórea, assinalada pelo índice D/P, e a formação da vegetação semelhante à atual, herbácea e com sinais de antropização, ocorreu nos últimos ~200 anos (Intervalo 3), sob clima quente e úmido. Os dados de fitólitos são inéditos para a costa do Espírito Santo e mostram o potencial destes bioindicadores em estudos de reconstituição paleoambiental.
Variabilidade morfológica e granulométrica e balanço sedimentar de uma praia em rotação praial
Authors: Souza Celia Regina De Gouveia
Published: October 2015

A rotação praial é um fenômeno oscilatório, de curto a médio intervalo de tempo, caracterizado pela alternância entre erosão e acreção nas terminações opostas de praias de enseada, como resposta a modificações no transporte longitudinal, decorrentes de súbita mudança na direção/altura das ondas incidentes. Este trabalho apresenta as modificações na morfodinâmica, na granulometria e no balanço sedimentar decorrentes do fenômeno de rotação praial na Praia do Góes (município do Guarujá, São Paulo), em escalas de médio e longo termo. O fenômeno começou em fevereiro de 2010, pouco antes do início das obras de dragagem de aprofundamento do Canal do Porto. Entretanto, sua maior expressão se deu durante uma forte ressaca do mar no início de abril, quando a população local ficou isolada. Devido à localização da praia em uma pequena enseada no interior da Baía de Santos, em frente ao Canal de Acesso/Navegação do Porto de Santos, as rápidas modificações morfológicas ocorridas na praia foram atribuídas a um possível impacto da dragagem. O fenômeno foi estudado no âmbito do “Programa de Monitoramento do Perfil Praial”, cujo objetivo é analisar possíveis impactos das obras de dragagem de aprofundamento do Porto de Santos nas praias locais. Cinco perfis praiais foram monitorados mensalmente, durante 36 meses entre janeiro/2010 e fevereiro/2014. Retroanálises em produtos de sensoriamento remoto de 1962 a 2011 serviram para identificar a ciclicidade histórica do fenômeno e obter o balanço sedimentar da praia de longo termo. Os resultados mostraram que o ciclo de rotação praial, ou de transporte de sentido horário, é impulsionado por inversões da deriva litorânea resultante predominante, causadas por eventos meteorológico-oceanográficos de forte magnitude (frentes frias com ressacas) e associadas a uma praia em completo desequilíbrio morfodinâmico antecedente. O intervalo de tempo decorrido entre o início do penúltimo ciclo (início em 1977) e o atual foi de 33 anos, sendo que a praia permaneceu em ciclo de rotação praial (maior deposição a leste e erosão a oeste) durante 13 anos, e levou cerca de 20 anos para atingir a total reversão do arco praial, em um ciclo de transporte de sentido anti-horário (maior deposição a oeste e extrema erosão a leste). A rotação atual causou intensa modificação morfológica, granulométrica e volumétrica na praia, em especial nas suas extremidades. O setor central da praia variou pouco, como esperado para o chamado ponto pivô da rotação praial. O balanço sedimentar de curto e médio termo pode ser considerado em equilíbrio, com tendências levemente positivas.
Padrões de Uso e Motivos para Envolvimento em Redes Sociais Virtuais na Adolescência
Authors: Rosado Juliana Szpoganicz , Jaeger Márcia Elisa , Dias Ana Cristina Garcia
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho investigou se há diferenças no acesso à internet e uso das redes sociais entre alunos de escolas públicas e privadas e quais os motivos para se conectarem nas mesmas. Um questionário aplicado em quatros escolas buscou compreender a opinião dos jovens sobre o assunto. Os resultados apontaram diferenças no tempo de uso das redes sociais por estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas. Ademais, os alunos indicaram conectar-se nas redes sociais para falar, principalmente, com familiares e amigos já conhecidos. Entende-se que os adolescentes consideram as redes sociais um local de circulação de informações e que é necessária cautela para navegar neste universo cibernético.
Exposição a Fatores de Risco de Adolescentes em Acolhimento Institucional no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Wathier Abaid Josiane Lieberknecht , Dalbosco Dell'Aglio Débora
Published: October 2015

Este estudo buscou identificar a exposição a fatores de risco em adolescentes que vivem em instituições de acolhimento, em duas cidades do sul do Brasil. Participaram 113 adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos (M=14,82; dp=1,47), sendo 60,2% meninas, que responderam individualmente a um questionário para investigar fatores de risco e proteção. Foi observada uma permanência média de mais de seis anos nas instituições de acolhimento, embora com manutenção do contato familiar para mais de 70% dos participantes. Foram identificados diversos fatores de risco ao desenvolvimento, como repetência escolar e exposição à violência intra e extrafamiliar, entre outros. Evidencia-se o desafio à instituição que acolhe e a necessidade de investimento em políticas públicas que auxiliem na recuperação e fortalecimento dos laços familiares.
Estratégias de Aprendizagem Empregadas por Estudantes Universitários
Authors: Lins Manuela Ramos Caldas
Published: October 2015

Buscou-se identificar evidências de validade de uma escala de estratégias de aprendizagem para universitários, bem como o repertório de estratégias utilizado por tais estudantes. Participaram 341 alunos, de ambos os sexos, matriculados em uma universidade pública, com idade média de 19 anos e 7 meses (DP = 1,8). Os resultados foram obtidos mediante a aplicação individual de uma escala de estratégias de aprendizagem e indicaram a presença de 4 fatores, capazes de explicar 35,02% da variabilidade da escala. O Alfa de Cronbach revelou índice de consistência interna aceitável (0,78). O teste t apontou diferenças quanto ao uso de estratégias no que concerne ao sexo dos alunos. Sugere-se que novos estudos sejam realizados visando aprofundar os resultados ora apresentados.
Polindo Lentes: Ressonâncias entre a Potência Spinozana e a Pulsão Freudiana
Authors: Camelier Joana Lopes D'Almeida , Winograd Monah , Rocha Mauricio
Published: October 2015

Nosso objetivo é apontar ressonâncias entre o conceito freudiano de pulsão e o conceito spinozano de potência para que este último amplifique a leitura do primeiro. Assim, começamos pela apresentação do conceito de Deus-natureza na filosofia de Spinoza para circunscrever o conceito de potência. Após demonstrar que o ser humano é expressão modal singular da substância infinita, verificamos em que pontos se poderia aproximar potência de pulsão. Para tanto, relacionamos a definição de pulsão como exigência de trabalho que o corpo faz ao psiquismo à ideia spinozana da mente ser a ideia do corpo. Após apresentarmos o aspecto relacional e a dimensão de alteridade em ambos os conceitos, finalizamos discutindo as problemáticas do dualismo pulsional e da pulsão de morte.
Diagnóstico Psiquiátrico e Clínica Psicanalítica
Authors: Bastos Andre Goettems
Published: October 2015

O presente trabalho visa debater o problema do diagnóstico psiquiátrico quando inserido na clínica psicanalítica. Partindo de questões e impasses da visão de psicopatologia nosológica psiquiátrica e da teoria clínica psicanalítica, busca-se demonstrar as diferentes visões epistemológicas que norteiam a questão. Os contrapontos entre esses enfoques são debatidos, apontando-se qualidades e problemas em ambos. Finalmente, considera-se um aspecto crucial para a discussão: a pessoa do paciente que busca atendimento psicoterápico e sua complexidade, enquanto indivíduo único e singular, acometido de sintomas comuns a outros sujeitos. Conclui-se propondo uma visão clínica e diagnóstica fenomenológica, onde o sujeito não é um objeto inanimado, nem um sistema fechado em si mesmo.
Analyzing זֶה Grammar and Reading זֶה Texts of Ps 68:9 and Judg 5:5
Authors: Holmstedt Robert D.
Published: October 2015

The grammar of ancient Hebrew זֶה straightforwardly accords to cross-linguistically attested patterns of demonstratives. זֶה and its feminine singular and common plural counterparts function primarily as deictic pronouns or deictic nominal modifiers. A small set of examples indicate that some stage of Hebrew witnessed the grammaticalization of זֶה as a relative marker and a copular pronoun. However, for over a century, another function of זֶה has been proposed and become entrenched within Hebrew grammatical analysis—that זֶה follows other Semitic languages in functioning as a “genitive” marker. By addressing all the relevant data, including the two most commonly cited examples of a “genitive” זֶה, Ps 68:9 and Judg 5:5, as well as the comparative Semitic argument, I demonstrate that there are no cogent reasons for assigning to זֶה the role of a “genitive” marker.
¿Es posible mejorar el Autoconcepto Físico universitario mediante una Intervención Cognitiva?
Authors: Axpe Inge , Infante Borinaga Guillermo , Fernández Zabala Arantza
Published: October 2015

ResumenEl interés de las últimas décadas por conocer los factores implicados en el bienestar de los sujetos ha mostrado la estrecha relación entre la satisfacción vital y el autoconcepto físico. Contribuir a mejorar la autopercepción física de las personas, especialmente adolescentes y jóvenes, mejoraría tanto su salud física como mental, repercutiendo positivamente sobre su satisfacción vital. Pese a ello, no se conocen propuestas de intervención que desde una perspectiva multidimensional y cognitiva, traten de mejorar el autoconcepto físico de los jóvenes. En este estudio se evalúa la aplicación de un programa de estas características con 171 estudiantes de universidad; 112 sujetos en el grupo experimental (edad media 20.00, SD=3.36) y 59 en el grupo control (edad media 20.10, SD=3.44). Los resultados no indican mejoras estadísticamente significativas de los sujetos tras la intervención, no obstante ofrecen una información relevante que contribuye a perfilar las características a incluir en el diseño de futuras implementaciones más eficaces y exitosas. AbstractThe interest raised during the last decade about the factors involved in the personal well-being has shown the positive relation between life satisfaction and physical self-concept. Improving the physical self-perception of people, especially during adolescence and youth, would contribute both to their physical and mental health, and therefore, boost their life satisfaction. Despite, there is a lack of intervention proposals which, from a multidimensional and cognitive approach, try to improve the physical self-concept of young people. This study presents and evaluates a program of those features, implemented with 171 university students (112 in the experimental group, mean age 20.00 years, SD = 3.36; and 59 students in the control group, mean age 20.10 years; SD = 3.44). After the completion of the program, no statistically significant differences are found in the physical self-concept scores of the experimental group. Nonetheless, those results suppose relevant information in order to identify the more effective characteristics which future intervention designs should consider to booster their efficacy.
Efecto del estilo docente en la motivación de mujeres practicantes de ejercicio físico
Authors: Joseph Polyte Paulette J , Belando Noelia , Huéscar Elisa , Moreno-Murcia Juan Antonio
Published: October 2015

ResumenLa motivación intrínseca en un entorno social adecuado puede optimizar el desarrollo físico-deportivo en mujeres. Preocupados por el ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar el poder de predicción del estilo controlador y la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas sobre la motivación intrínseca. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 325 mujeres practicantes de ejercicio físico, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 72 años (M = 32.4; DT = 11.40). Los resultados indican que el estilo controlador por parte del docente predice negativamente la motivación intrínseca, mientras los mediadores psicológicos lo hacen positivamente. El uso de las recompensas, la condición negativa así como la utilización de métodos de intimidación y un excesivo control hace que las mujeres no se sientan intrínsecamente motivadas, mientras que la satisfacción de la competencia, autonomía y relación con los demás si lo consiguen. AbstractIntrinsic motivation in a suitable social environment can provide a good physical and athletic development in women. Concerned Thus, the aim of this study was to test the predictive power driver style and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of intrinsic motivation. The sample consisted of 325 women practicing regular physical exercise athletes, aged 18 to 72 years (M = 32.4, SD = 11.40). The results indicate that the driver of the teaching style negatively predicted intrinsic motivation while we predict positive psychological mediators. In this sense it seems that the use of rewards, the negative condition and use methods of intimidation and excessive control makes women feel intrinsically motivation, which could lead to a possible abandonment of physical sports. In this attempt could be out experimental studies demonstrating the effects between the controller style of fitness instructor and how motivated women towards physical sport.
Autoeficacia específica para la Jubilación, Intenciones de retiro y Satisfacción vital en trabajadores mayores de 40 años.
Authors: Valero Ibáñez Encarna , Segura Adrián , Topa Cantisano Gabriela
Published: October 2015

ResumenLa autoeficacia para la jubilación incluye las percepciones de la medida en la cual uno será capaz de enfrentarse con las tareas que implica la nueva situación de retiro. Esta investigación se propone explorar los factores psicosociales que pronostican las intenciones de retiro y la satisfacción con la vida cerca de la jubilación. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo con una muestra de1325 trabajadores españoles de 40 años o más. La autoeficacia para la jubilación pronostica las intenciones de retiro (jubilación parcial y total) y la satisfacción vital cercana a la jubilación, añadiendo poder predictivo a la autoeficacia generalizada. Pese a este hecho, solo dos dimensiones de la autoeficacia para la jubilación explican exitosamente todos los resultados (las finanzas y la salud). Nuestros hallazgos subrayan que la autoeficacia para la jubilación pronostica positivamente las intenciones de jubilación total y la satisfacción con la jubilación de los trabajadores mayores, y negativamente las intenciones de jubilación parcial. Las implicaciones de estos estudios se discuten de cara a entender la planificación de la  jubilación y a mejorar las prácticas de orientación a las personas mayores.  AbstractRetirement self-efficacy includes perceptions of the extent to which one will be capable of dealing with the tasks involved in the new retiree situation. This research aims to explore the psychosocial factors that predict retirement intentions and satisfaction with life near retirement. The study has been conducted with a sample of 1,325 Spanish workers aged 40 and over. Retirement self-efficacy predicted retirement intentions (part-time retirement, and full retirement) and life satisfaction near retirement, adding predictive power to generalized self efficacy. Despite this fact, only two Retirement self efficacy dimensions successfully explained all the results (finances and health). Our findings highlight that retirement self efficacy positively predict both full retirement and retirement satisfaction of aged workers, and negatively predicted partial retirement intentions. The implications of these studies are discussed for understanding retirement planning and counselling practice.
Late initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy in Canada: a call for a national public health strategy to improve engagement in HIV care
Authors: Cescon Angela , Patterson Sophie , Davey Colin , Ding Erin , Raboud Janet M , Chan Keith , Loutfy Mona R , Cooper Curtis , Burchell Ann N , Palmer Alexis K , Tsoukas Christos , Machouf Nima , Klein Marina B , Rourke Sean B , Rachlis Anita , Hogg Robert S , Montaner Julio SG ,   the CANOC Collaboration
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) significantly decreases morbidity, mortality and HIV transmission. We aimed to characterize the timing of ART initiation based on CD4 cell count from 2000 to 2012 and identify factors associated with late initiation of treatment.

Methods

Participants from the Canadian Observational Cohort (CANOC), a multi‐site cohort of HIV‐positive adults initiating ART naively after 1 January 2000, in three Canadian provinces (British Columbia, Ontario and Québec) were included. Late initiation was defined as a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 or an AIDS‐defining illness before ART initiation (baseline). Temporal trends were assessed using the Cochran–Armitage test, and independent correlates of late initiation were identified using logistic regression.

Results

In total, 8942 participants (18% female) of median age 40 years (Q1–Q3 33–47) were included. The median baseline CD4 count increased from 190 cells/mm3 (Q1–Q3 80–320) in 2000 to 360 cells/mm3 (Q1–Q3 220–490) in 2012 (p<0.001). Overall, 4274 participants (48%) initiated ART with a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 or AIDS‐defining illness. Late initiation was more common among women, non‐MSM, older individuals, participants from Ontario and BC (vs. Québec), persons with injection drug use (IDU) history and individuals starting ART in earlier calendar years. In sub‐analysis exploring recent (2008 to 2012) predictors using an updated CD4 criterion (<350 cells/mm3), IDU and residence in BC (vs. Québec) were no longer significant correlates of late initiation.

Conclusions

This analysis documents increasing baseline CD4 counts over time among Canadians initiating ART. However, CD4 counts at ART initiation remain below contemporary treatment guidelines, highlighting the need for strategies to improve earlier engagement in HIV care.
Patterns of call communication between group-housed zebra finches change during the breeding cycle
Authors: Gill Lisa F , Goymann Wolfgang , Ter Maat Andries , Gahr Manfred
Published: October 2015

Vocal signals such as calls play a crucial role for survival and successful reproduction, especially in group-living animals. However, call interactions and call dynamics within groups remain largely unexplored because their relation to relevant contexts or life-history stages could not be studied with individual-level resolution. Using on-bird microphone transmitters, we recorded the vocalisations of individual zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) behaving freely in social groups, while females and males previously unknown to each other passed through different stages of the breeding cycle. As birds formed pairs and shifted their reproductive status, their call repertoire composition changed. The recordings revealed that calls occurred non-randomly in fine-tuned vocal interactions and decreased within groups while pair-specific patterns emerged. Call-type combinations of vocal interactions changed within pairs and were associated with successful egg-laying, highlighting a potential fitness relevance of calling dynamics in communication systems.
“Trunk‐like” heavy ion structures observed by the Van Allen Probes
Authors: Zhang J.‐C. , Kistler L. M. , Spence H. E. , Wolf R. A. , Reeves G. , Skoug R. , Funsten H. , Larsen B. A. , Niehof J. T. , MacDonald E. A. , Friedel R. , Ferradas C. P. , Luo H.
Published: October 2015

Dynamic ion spectral features in the inner magnetosphere are the observational signatures of ion acceleration, transport, and loss in the global magnetosphere. We report “trunk‐like” ion structures observed by the Van Allen Probes on 2 November 2012. This new type of ion structure looks like an elephant's trunk on an energy‐time spectrogram, with the energy of the peak flux decreasing Earthward. The trunks are present in He+ and O+ ions but not in H+. During the event, ion energies in the He+ trunk, located at L = 3.6–2.6, magnetic local time (MLT) = 9.1–10.5, and magnetic latitude (MLAT) = −2.4–0.09°, vary monotonically from 3.5 to 0.04 keV. The values at the two end points of the O+ trunk are energy = 4.5–0.7 keV, L = 3.6–2.5, MLT = 9.1–10.7, and MLAT = −2.4–0.4°. Results from backward ion drift path tracings indicate that the trunks are likely due to (1) a gap in the nightside ion source or (2) greatly enhanced impulsive electric fields associated with elevated geomagnetic activity. Different ion loss lifetimes cause the trunks to differ among ion species.
Seasonal variation of local atmospheric circulations and boundary layer structure in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region and implications for air quality
Authors: Miao Yucong , Hu Xiao‐Ming , Liu Shuhua , Qian Tingting , Xue Ming , Zheng Yijia , Wang Shu
Published: October 2015

The Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH) region experiences frequent heavy haze pollution in fall and winter. Pollution was often exacerbated by unfavorable atmospheric boundary layer (BL) conditions. The topography in this region impacts the BL processes in complex ways. Such impacts and implications on air quality are not yet clearly understood. The BL processes in all four seasons in BTH are thus investigated in this study using idealized simulations with the WRF‐Chem model. Results suggest that seasonal variation of thermal conditions and synoptic patterns significantly modulates BL processes. In fall, with a relatively weak northwesterly synoptic forcing, thermal contrast between the mountains and the plain leads to a prominent mountain‐plain breeze circulation (MPC). In the afternoon, the downward branch of the MPC, in addition to northwesterly warm advection, suppresses BL development over the western side of BTH. In the eastern coastal area, a sea‐breeze circulation develops late in the morning and intensifies during the afternoon. In summer, southeasterly BL winds allow the see‐breeze front to penetrate farther inland (∼150 km from the coast), and the MPC is less prominent. In spring and winter, with strong northwesterly synoptic winds, the sea‐breeze circulation is confined in the coastal area, and the MPC is suppressed. The BL height is low in winter due to strong near‐surface stability, while BL heights are large in spring due to strong mechanical forcing. The relatively low BL height in fall and winter may have exacerbated the air pollution, thus contributing to the frequent severe haze events in the BTH region.
Flood‐type classification in mountainous catchments using crisp and fuzzy decision trees
Authors: Sikorska Anna E. , Viviroli Daniel , Seibert Jan
Published: October 2015

Floods are governed by largely varying processes and thus exhibit various behaviors. Classification of flood events into flood types and the determination of their respective frequency is therefore important for a better understanding and prediction of floods. This study presents a flood classification for identifying flood patterns at a catchment scale by means of a fuzzy decision tree. Hence, events are represented as a spectrum of six main possible flood types that are attributed with their degree of acceptance. Considered types are flash, short rainfall, long rainfall, snow‐melt, rainfall on snow and, in high alpine catchments, glacier‐melt floods. The fuzzy decision tree also makes it possible to acknowledge the uncertainty present in the identification of flood processes and thus allows for more reliable flood class estimates than using a crisp decision tree, which identifies one flood type per event. Based on the data set in nine Swiss mountainous catchments, it was demonstrated that this approach is less sensitive to uncertainties in the classification attributes than the classical crisp approach. These results show that the fuzzy approach bears additional potential for analyses of flood patterns at a catchment scale and thereby it provides more realistic representation of flood processes.
Performance assessment of switched control systems based on tensor space approach
Authors: Jiang Deng‐Yin , Hu Li‐Sheng , Shi Peng
Published: October 2015

Based on tensor space, a new performance assessment approach is proposed for switched control systems in this paper. Switched control system is widely existing in industrial processes, especially in safety‐important processes where the systems controlled may be switched by protection logic during accident. Clearly, bad performance of control and protection strategies will eventually drive the system to a dangerous condition. To treat this problem, one may set up a performance assessment procedure for the switched control systems using multiple model method, where performance is evaluated through assessment of every individual submodel of the switched system. Obviously, this approach ignores interaction nature between control algorithm and protection strategy. The proposed method can capture the interaction nature of control and protection systems. In the tensor space, the interacting relation of control and protection systems can be synthetically represented by adding the logical switching space. Specifically, the tensor space modeling representation for switched systems has been developed, which can actually model the high coupling interaction of control and protection systems. The data‐driven tensor space algorithm based on higher‐order singular value decomposition has also been developed to assess the performance of switched control systems. By using orthogonal projection in tensor space extended from the matrix space, prediction error approach has been employed to obtain the optimal prediction error variance being as the control performance benchmark for performance assessment. Finally, numerical simulation examples are presented to illustrate the rationality and effectiveness of tensor space approach by comparing with the multiple model approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transport at the Epitaxial Interface between Germanium and Functional Oxides
Authors: Kornblum Lior , Morales‐Acosta Mayra D. , Jin Eric N. , Ahn Charles H. , Walker Frederick J.
Published: October 2015

Combining functional oxides with conventional semiconductors provides the potential for transformational advancement of microelectronic devices. Harnessing the full spectrum of oxide functionalities requires current transport between the oxide and the semiconductor. This aspect is addressed by controlling the electronic barrier at an interface between a ferroelectric oxide, BaTiO3, and germanium. For the aligned conduction bands of germanium and BaTiO3, as measured by spectroscopy, current transport is controlled by the barrier between the top metal electrode and the bands of the BaTiO3. Capacitance–voltage analysis of metal–oxide–semiconductor devices further shows that the semiconductor's Fermi level can be moved by a field effect. These results demonstrate a viable approach for electronically bridging the functionalities of oxides directly with a common semiconductor.
A Review of Phosphide‐Based Materials for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xiao Peng , Chen Wei , Wang Xin
Published: October 2015

Hydrogen evolution by means of electrocatalytic water‐splitting is pivotal for efficient and economical production of hydrogen, which relies on the development of inexpensive, highly active catalysts. In addition to sulfides, the search for non‐noble metal catalysts has been mainly directed at phosphides due to the superb activity of phosphides for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and their low‐cost considering the abundance of the non‐noble constituents of phosphides. Here, recent research focusing on phosphides is summarized based on their synthetic methodology. A comparative study of the catalytic activity of different phosphides towards HER is then conducted. The catalytic activity is evaluated by overpotentials at fixed current density, Tafel slope, turnover frequency, and the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption. Based on the methods discussed, perspectives for the various methods of phosphides synthesis are given, and the origins of the high activity and the role of phosphorus on the improved activity towards HER are discussed.
Cup tool use by squirrel monkeys
Authors: Buckmaster Christine L. , Hyde Shellie A. , Parker Karen J. , Lyons David M.
Published: October 2015

Captive‐born male and female squirrel monkeys spontaneously ‘invented’ a cup tool use technique to Contain (i.e., hold and control) food they reduced into fragments for consumption and to Contain water collected from a valve to drink. Food cup use was observed more frequently than water cup use. Observations indicate that 68% (n = 39/57) of monkeys in this population used a cup (a plastic slip cap) to Contain food, and a subset of these monkeys, 10% (n = 4/39), also used a cup to Contain water. Cup use was optional and did not replace, but supplemented, the hand/arm‐to‐mouth eating and direct valve drinking exhibited by all members of the population. Strategies monkeys used to bring food and cups together for food processing activity at preferred upper‐level perching areas, in the arboreal‐like environment in which they lived, provides evidence that monkeys may plan food processing activity with the cups. Specifically, prior to cup use monkeys obtained a cup first before food, or obtained food and a cup from the floor simultaneously, before transporting both items to upper‐level perching areas. After food processing activity with cups monkeys rarely dropped the cups and more often placed the cups onto perching. Monkeys subsequently returned to use cups that they previously placed on perching after food processing activity. The latter behavior is consistent with the possibility that monkeys may keep cups at preferred perching sites for future food processing activity and merits experimental investigation. Reports of spontaneous tool use by squirrel monkeys are rare and this is the first report of population‐level tool use. These findings offer insights into the cognitive abilities of squirrel monkeys and provide a new context for behavior studies with this genus and for comparative studies with other primates. Am. J. Primatol. 77:1323–1332, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.