bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bunce Fault and Strain Partitioning in the Northern Lesser Antilles
Authors: Laurencin M. , Marcaillou B. , Graindorge D. , Lebrun J.‐F. , Klingelhoefer F. , Boucard M. , Laigle M. , Lallemand S. , Schenini L.
Published: August 2019

Strain partitioning related to oblique plate convergence has long been debated in Northern Lesser Antilles. Geophysical data acquired during the ANTITHESIS cruises highlight that the sinistral strike‐slip Bunce Fault develops along the vertical, long, and linear discontinuity between the sedimentary wedge and a more rigid backstop. The narrowness of the 20‐ to 30‐km‐wide accretionary wedge and its continuity over ~850 km is remarkable. The Bunce Fault extends as far south as 18.5°N where it anastomoses within the accretionary prism where the sharp increase in convergence obliquity possibly acts as a mechanical threshold. Surface traces related to subducting seamounts suggest that 80% of the lateral component of the convergent motion is taken up by internal deformation within the accretionary prism and by the Bunce Fault. The absence of crustal‐scale, long‐term tectonic system south of the Anegada Passage casts doubt upon the degree of strain partitioning in the Northern Lesser Antilles.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Twenty‐First‐Century Changes in Site‐Specific Snowfall Frequency Over the Northwest United States
Authors: Catalano A. J. , Loikith P. C. , Aragon C. M.
Published: August 2019

In the Northwest United States, warming temperatures threaten mountain snowpacks. Reliable projections of snowfall changes are therefore critical to anticipate the timeline of change. However, producing such projections is challenging, as most state‐of‐the‐art climate models are limited in sufficiently resolving influential topography. Here we leverage atmospheric freezing level to estimate precipitation phase and project twenty‐first‐century snowfall frequency change at Snowpack Telemetry Network stations across the Northwest. Under “moderate” and “business‐as‐usual” emission pathways in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 models, snowfall frequency is projected to decline at all stations. Business‐as‐usual declines accelerate after midcentury at most locations, whereas moderate declines decelerate. A “critical year” analysis identifies when decadal‐mean snowfall frequency is projected to fall below 50%, 25%, and 10% of cold‐season wet days. Results highlight regions particularly vulnerable to relatively near‐term change, such as the Cascade Range. Considerable station‐to‐station spatial variability emphasizes the value of this site‐specific approach.
Modeling the Magnetopause Shadowing Loss During the June 2015 Dropout Event
Authors: Tu Weichao , Xiang Zheng , Morley S. K.
Published: August 2019

Fast dropout of relativistic and ultrarelativistic electrons at both high and low L* regions were observed during the intense coronal mass ejection driven storm in June 2015. An improved radial diffusion model, using an event‐specific last closed drift shell and newly available radial diffusion coefficients (DLL), is implemented to simulate the magnetopause shadowing loss of electrons. The model captures the fast shadowing loss of electrons well at high L* regions after both interplanetary shocks, and reproduces the initial adiabatic loss of the high‐energy storage ring at low L* regions after the second strong shock. We show for the first time that using the event‐specific and K‐dependent last closed drift shell and improved DLL is critical to reproduce the observed dropout features, including the timing, location, and the butterfly electron pitch angle distribution. Future inclusion of the electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave scattering process is needed to model the observed further depletion of the storage ring.
Reconciling at‐a‐Station and at‐Many‐Stations Hydraulic Geometry Through River‐Wide Geomorphology
Authors: Brinkerhoff C. B. , Gleason C. J. , Ostendorf D. W.
Published: August 2019

At‐many‐stations hydraulic geometry (AMHG), while useful for estimating river discharge from satellite data, remains empirical and has yet to be reconciled with the at‐a‐station hydraulic geometry (AHG) from which it was originally derived. Here we present evidence, using United States Geological Survey field measurements of channel hydraulics for 155 rivers, that AMHG can be hydraulically and geomorphically reconciled with AHG. Our results indicate that AMHG is rightly understood as an expression of a river‐wide model of hydraulics driven by changes in slope imposed upon AHG physics. The explanatory power of AHG and this river‐wide model combine to determine whether AMHG exists: if both AHG and the river‐wide model adequately describe hydraulics, then we show that AMHG is a necessary mathematical consequence of these two phenomena. We also orient these findings in the context of river discharge estimation and other applications.
Retraction Note: Genetic regulation of salt stress tolerance revealed by RNA-Seq in cotton diploid wild species, Gossypium davidsonii
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhu Guozhong , Du Lei , Shang Xiaoguang , Cheng Chaoze , Yang Bing , Hu Yan , Cai Caiping , Guo Wangzhen
Published: August 2019

This article has been retracted.
Reaction Route Selection for Cellulose Hydrogenolysis into C2/C3 Glycols by ZnO-Modified Ni-W/β-zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Gu Minyan , Shen Zheng , Yang Long , Dong Wenjie , Kong Ling , Zhang Wei , Peng Bo-Yu , Zhang Yalei
Published: August 2019

A β-zeolite-supported nickel and tungsten catalyst (Ni-W/β) was employed to generate C2/C3 glycols (ethylene and propylene glycols) in a satisfactory yield from cellulose. After optimizing the acidity of the support, the Ni-W synergy and the co-catalyst, the yield of C2/C3 glycols reached 70.1% (C %), with propylene glycol accounting for 51.1% of the product. This performance was attributed to the effective control of the major reaction steps, namely, hydrolysis, isomerization, retro-aldol condensation and hydrogenation, by the tailored Ni-W-ZnO/β catalyst. The characterization and reaction results indicated that the cellulose hydrolysis step was promoted by the appropriate acidic sites of the β-zeolite, and the reaction routes to C2/C3 glycols were influenced by the mass loading of Ni-W through the synergy of nickel and tungsten oxide, in which Ni is effective in the hydrogenation while W facilitates bond cleavage via a retro-aldol condensation (C6 to C2/C3). Moreover, with the leaching of metal during four cycles of reuse, the catalytic performance was also influenced by the synergy of Ni and W. In addition, the isomerization of glucose to fructose was promoted by ZnO and afforded a high yield of propylene glycol.
Towards perturbation prediction of biological networks using deep learning
Authors: Li Diya , Gao Jianxi
Published: August 2019

The mapping of the physical interactions between biochemical entities enables quantitative analysis of dynamic biological living systems. While developing a precise dynamical model on biological entity interaction is still challenging due to the limitation of kinetic parameter detection of the underlying biological system. This challenge promotes the needs of topology-based models to predict biochemical perturbation patterns. Pure topology-based model, however, is limited on the scale and heterogeneity of biological networks. Here we propose a learning based model that adopts graph convolutional networks to learn the implicit perturbation pattern factors and thus enhance the perturbation pattern prediction on the basic topology model. Our experimental studies on 87 biological models show an average of 73% accuracy on perturbation pattern prediction and outperforms the best topology-based model by 7%, indicating that the graph-driven neural network model is robust and beneficial for accurate prediction of the perturbation spread modeling and giving an inspiration of the implementation of the deep neural networks on biological network modeling.
Meloidogyne graminicola protein disulfide isomerase may be a nematode effector and is involved in protection against oxidative damage
Authors: Tian Zhong-ling , Wang Ze-hua , Maria Munawar , Qu Nan , Zheng Jing-wu
Published: August 2019

The rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, is a serious pest in most rice-growing countries. Usually, nematodes employ antioxidants to counteract the harm of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and facilitate their infection. Here the gene encoding M. graminicola protein disulphide isomerase (MgPDI) was identified. The deduced protein is highly conserved in the putative active-site Cys-Gly-His-Cys. In situ hybridization showed that MgPDI was specifically localized within esophageal glands of pre-parasitic second stage juveniles (J2s). MgPDI was significantly up-regulated in the late parasitic J2s. Characterization of the recombinant protein showed that the purified MgPDI exhibited similar activities to other oxidases/isomerases such as the refolding of the scrambled RNase and insulin disulfide reductase and the protection of plasmid DNA and living cells from ROS damage. In addition, silencing of MgPDI by RNA interference in the pre-parasitic J2s lowered their multiplication factor. MgPDI expression was up-regulated in the presence of exogenous H2O2, whereas MgPDI silencing resulted in an increase in mortality under H2O2 stress. MgPDI is localized in the apoplast when transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The results indicated that MgPDI plays important roles in the reproduction and pathogenicity of M. graminicola and it also contributes to protecting nematodes from exogenous H2O2 stress.
Polypyridyl ligands as a versatile platform for solid-state light-emitting devices
Authors: Pashaei Babak , Karimi Soheila , Shahroosvand Hashem , Abbasi Parisa , Pilkington Melanie , Bartolotta Antonino , Fresta Elisa , Fernandez-Cestau Julio , Costa Rubén D. , Bonaccorso Francesco
Published: August 2019

A comprehensive review of tuneable polypyridine complexes as the emissive components of OLED and LEC devices is presented, with a view to bridging the gap between molecular design and commercialization.
Diterpenoids of terrestrial origin
Authors: Hanson James R. , Nichols Tyler , Mukhrish Yousef , Bagley Mark C.
Published: August 2019

This review covers the isolation and chemistry of diterpenoids from terrestrial sources from 2017.
Turning on ROP activity in a bimetallic Co/Zn complex supported by a [2+2] Schiff-base macrocycle
Authors: Wang Kuiyuan , Prior Timothy J. , Redshaw Carl
Published: August 2019

Homo-dinuclear Co or Zn complexes derived from a [2+2] Schiff-base macrocycle revealed near inactivity for the ring opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone and ε-caprolactone, whereas hetero-bimetallic complexes were efficient catalysts.
Formation of a stable biradical triplet state cation versus a closed shell singlet state cation by oxidation of adducts of 3,6-dimethoxycarbazole and polychlorotriphenylmethyl radicals
Authors: Ballesteros Paola , Cuadrado Alba , Gilabert Alejandra , Fajarí Lluís , Sirés Ignasi , Brillas Enric , Almajano Maria Pilar , Velasco Dolores , Anglada Josep M. , Juliá Luis
Published: August 2019

The oxidation of the dimethoxicarbazole adduct of the tris(2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl)methyl radical (DTM) involves ionization of one electron from the HOMO rather than from the SOMO, to generate a triplet state.
Strongly resonant metasurfaces supported by reflective substrates for highly efficient second- and high-harmonic generations with ultralow pump intensity
Authors: Kim Kwang-Hyon , Rim Wi-Song
Published: August 2019

Plasmonic metasurfaces on reflective substrates can generate second- and high-harmonics with significantly high efficiency.
Six new silicon phases with direct band gaps
Authors: Wei Qun , Tong Wen , Wei Bing , Zhang Meiguang , Peng Xihong
Published: August 2019

Six new silicon phases with direct band gaps were found through silicon atomic substitution of carbon in the known carbon structuresviahigh-throughput calculations.
Short-term exposure to positively charged polystyrene nanoparticles causes oxidative stress and membrane destruction in cyanobacteria
Authors: Feng Li-Juan , Li Jian-Wei , Xu Elvis Genbo , Sun Xiao-Dong , Zhu Fan-Ping , Ding Zhaojun , Tian Huiyu , Dong Shang-Shang , Xia Peng-Fei , Yuan Xian-Zheng
Published: August 2019

PS-NH2 exposure causes disruption of glutathione metabolism and damage to the membrane hydrophobic core of S. elongatus. This enhanced the understanding of the ecological risks of plastic debris to freshwater environments.
Sequence-dependent self-coacervation in high charge-density polyampholytes
Authors: Madinya Jason J. , Chang Li-Wei , Perry Sarah L. , Sing Charles E.
Published: August 2019

Experiment and theory show how charge monomer sequence can be used to control self-coacervation in blocky polyampholytes.
1st International Conference on Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: Mahmudov Kamran T. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: August 2019

Welcome to this themed collection of RSC articles entitled: 1st International Conference on Noncovalent Interactions.
Photoluminescence of Ag(i) complexes with a square-planar coordination geometry: the first observation
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Ryzhikov Maxim R. , Berezin Alexey S. , Kolesnikov Ilya E. , Samsonenko Denis G. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu.
Published: August 2019

First examples of square-planar Ag(i) complexes showing MLCT emission are reported. They demonstrate an interesting thermochromic luminescence with the nano- and microsecond lifetime components.
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones to oxa(aza)bicyclic alkenes
Authors: Yao Yongqi , Yang Wen , Lin Qifu , Yang Weitao , Li Huanyong , Wang Lin , Gu Fenglong , Yang Dingqiao
Published: August 2019

A new 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of oxa(aza)bicyclic alkenes with nitrones has been developed without any catalyst and additive under mild conditions. The proposed concerted mechanism is investigated by DFT calculations of the reaction pathways.
A highly sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of cerium at pico-trace levels in some real, environmental, biological, soil, food and bone samples using 2-(α-pyridyl)-thioquinaldinamide
Authors: Ahmed M. Jamaluddin , Islam M. Tazul , Farhana Fahima
Published: August 2019

A very simple, ultra-sensitive and highly selective non-extractive new spectrofluorimetric method is presented for the determination of cerium at pico-trace levels using 2-(α-pyridyl)-thioquinaldinamide (PTQA).
Polyphenols of Chinese skullcap roots: from chemical profiles to anticancer effects
Authors: Wang Lingchong , Zhang Dapeng , Wang Ning , Li Sha , Tan Hor-Yue , Feng Yibin
Published: August 2019

Great efforts have been made to identify the principle bioactive constituents of Chinese herbs and to unravel the molecular mechanisms behind their anticancer effects.
Nitrogen-containing three-dimensional biomass porous carbon materials as an efficient enzymatic biosensing platform for glucose sensing
Authors: Shan Baixi , Ji Yanhua , Zhong Youbao , Chen Lai , Li Shanshan , Zhang Jie , Chen Liling , Liu Xuan , Chen Yuan , Yan Nan , Song Yonggui
Published: August 2019

Schematic illustration of the fabrication and structure of the 3D-CVS/GOD electrode.
Enhanced hydrogen storage performance of graphene nanoflakes doped with Cr atoms: a DFT study
Authors: Xiang Chunqi , Li Ao , Yang Shulin , Lan Zhigao , Xie Wei , Tang Yiming , Xu Huoxi , Wang Zhao , Gu Haoshuang
Published: August 2019

Our study reveals that the H2 storage performance of a graphene nanoflake based material could be significantly enhanced through doping with Cr atoms.
Core–shell architecture based on bio-sourced porous carbon: the shape formation mechanism at the solid/liquid interface layer
Authors: Zakaria Anfar , Amane Jada , Noureddine El Alem
Published: August 2019

This paper focus on the shape formation mechanism of core–shell architecture based bio-sourced porous carbon prepared by biological activation at the solid/liquid interface.
Phenethylammonium bismuth halides: from single crystals to bulky-organic cation promoted thin-film deposition for potential optoelectronic applications
Authors: Ghasemi Mehri , Lyu Miaoqiang , Roknuzzaman Md , Yun Jung-Ho , Hao Mengmeng , He Dongxu , Bai Yang , Chen Peng , Bernhardt Paul V. , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Wang Lianzhou
Published: August 2019

The phenethylammonium cation significantly promotes the formation of fully-covered thin-films of hybrid bismuth organohalides with low surface roughness and excellent stability.
Lanthanide grafted phenanthroline-polymer for physiological temperature range sensing
Authors: Vanden Bussche Flore , Kaczmarek Anna M. , Schmidt Johannes , Stevens Christian V. , Van Der Voort Pascal
Published: August 2019

Grafting of an insoluble phenanthroline-polymer with Eu3+/Tb3+ tfac complexes creates a thermometer with good temperature sensitivity in the broad biological range.
TiO2 based sensor with butterfly wing configurations for fast acetone detection at room temperature
Authors: Yang Guiqin , Zhang Meng , Dong Decheng , Pan Xiaofang , Zhou Ye , Han Su-Ting , Xu Zongxiang , Wang Wanlin , Yan Yan
Published: August 2019

The amorphous/nanocrystal hybrid TiO2 based butterfly wing structure (ANH-TiO2-BW) is successfully fabricated via an easily controlled self-deposition sintering method.
Clinical Assessment of Characteristics of Apraxia of Speech in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Duncan E. Susan , Donovan Neila J. , Sajjadi Seyed Ahmad
Published: August 2019

Purpose

We sought to examine interrater reliability in clinical assessment of apraxia of speech (AOS) in individuals with primary progressive aphasia and to identify speech characteristics predictive of AOS diagnosis.

Method

Fifty-two individuals with primary progressive aphasia were recorded performing a variety of speech tasks. These recordings were viewed by 2 experienced speech-language pathologists, who independently rated them on the presence and severity of AOS as well as 14 associated speech characteristics. We calculated interrater reliability (percent agreement and Cohen's kappa) for these ratings. For each rater, we used stepwise regression to identify speech characteristics significantly predictive of AOS diagnosis. We used the overlap between raters to create a more parsimonious model, which we evaluated with multiple linear regression.

Results

Results yielded high agreement on the presence (90%) and severity of AOS (weighted Cohen's κ = .834) but lower agreement for specific speech characteristics (weighted Cohen's κ ranging from .036 to .582). Stepwise regression identified 2 speech characteristics predictive of AOS diagnosis for both raters (articulatory groping and increased errors with increased length/complexity). These alone accounted for ≥ 50% of the variance of AOS severity in the constrained model.

Conclusions

Our study adds to a growing body of research that highlights the difficulty in objective clinical characterization of AOS and perceptual characterization of speech features. It further supports the need for consensus diagnostic criteria with standardized testing tools and for the identification and validation of objective markers of AOS. Additionally, these findings underscore the need for a training protocol if diagnostic tools are to be effective when shared beyond the research teams that develop and test them and disseminated to practicing speech-language pathologists, in order to ensure consistent application.
Implementation and Perceptions of Classroom-Based Service Delivery: A Survey of Public School Clinicians
Authors: Green Laura , Chance Paula , Stockholm Melissa
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The choice of service delivery model is important for public school clinicians. Despite a theoretical emphasis on inclusive classroom-based services, data from a recent American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Schools Survey indicated that the pullout model is still the more frequently used approach (
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2016
). In the current study, public school clinicians' use and perceptions of inclusion were examined to better understand potential influences on its implementation.

Method

Three hundred forty-four school-based clinicians completed an online survey about their training in and implementation of inclusion services, along with their perceptions of positive and potentially challenging aspects of this model. Descriptive data were examined, and the relationships of use and perceptions to issues such as caseload size, training, school setting, teacher factors, and administrative support were analyzed. Additionally, qualitative analysis was used to examine responses to 3 open-ended questions.

Results

Over half of the respondents served 1%–25% of their caseload through an inclusion model, and it was most frequently utilized to address language and social skills. Teacher collaboration and planning time were the 2 most frequently reported keys to inclusion success and were also 2 of the most frequently reported challenges to implementation.

Conclusions

The majority of the respondents reported many positive aspects of inclusion, yet they also reported many of the same challenging perceptions and roadblocks that existed when speech-language pathologists were surveyed over 20 years ago. Based on the results of this study, training in the inclusion model, teacher “buy-in,” planning time, and administrative support are relevant to successful use of classroom-based intervention.
RIP‐based analysis of multipath matching pursuit in noisy case
Authors: Zhao Juan , Bai Xia , Tao Ran
Published: August 2019

To increase the possibility of choosing the true support of a sparse signal, multipath matching pursuit (MMP) algorithm generates multiple promising candidates of the support set by tree‐searching structure. This Letter proposes the restricted isometry property‐based conditions under which at least one candidate of MMP contains the true support set in cases of and bounded noises. Comparison with the existing result is also presented.
Enhanced parameter estimation in adaptive control via online historical data
Authors: Pan Yongping , Sun Tairen , Joo Young Hoon , Yu Haoyong
Published: August 2019

Parameter convergence is desirable for adaptive control as it enhances the overall stability and robustness properties of the closed‐loop system. In existing online historical data (OHD)‐driven parameter estimation schemes, all OHD are exploited to update parameter estimates such that exponential parameter convergence is ensured under a condition of sufficient excitation which is strictly weaker than the traditional persistent excitation (PE) condition. However, the exploitation of all OHD not only results in possible unbounded adaptation but also loses the flexibility of handling slow time‐varying uncertainties. In this brief, a novel OHD‐driven parameter estimation scheme that exploits only partial OHD is presented to improve parameter convergence and is incorporated with direct adaptive control to construct a composite learning control strategy. The proposed approach guarantees exponential parameter convergence under a condition of interval excitation which is also strictly weaker than the PE condition while eliminating the drawbacks of existing OHD‐driven parameter estimation schemes. Numerical results have verified the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach.
Vibration suppression of an Euler–Bernoulli beam by backstepping iterative learning control
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhan Wenkang , Gao Huanli , Liu Haiming
Published: August 2019

This study puts forward a hybrid backstepping‐boundary iterative learning control (B‐BILC) to tackle vibration problem for an Euler–Bernoulli beam system subjected to an unknown external disturbance. Based on Lyapunov's synthesis method, a backstepping term and an iterative term are designed to reduce the vibration and attenuate the effects of the unknown boundary disturbance under the consideration of model property. With the proposed B‐BILC scheme, the uniform boundedness of the closed‐loop system state and the convergence of the system output are proved via Lyapunov theory. Simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and demonstrate that B‐BILC yields better performance compared to the Proportion–Derivative‐BILC (PD‐BILC).
Superpixel segmentation and machine learning classification algorithm for cloud detection in remote‐sensing images
Authors: Shi Yueting , Wang Weijiang , Gong Qishu , Li Dingyi
Published: August 2019

Cloud detection is a fundamental yet challenging topic in remote‐sensing image processing. The authors propose a method for multi‐dimensional feature extraction and superpixel segmentation, and use a voting‐based clustering ensemble to capture the whole target shape. In order to further identify clouds, snow‐covered lands, and bright buildings on remote‐sensing images, they first implement an Ostu threshold to get high grey‐level sub‐regions, and then extract the descriptors of these sub‐regions and put them into the softmax regression classifier. Regarding these methods, the authors conduct experiments using GF‐1 remote‐sensing images. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and excellency of their proposed method.
Design of direct wave cancellation system for high‐frequency CW radar
Authors: Shang Nan , Xin Ke , Yu Changjun , Wang Linwei
Published: August 2019

When high‐frequency continuous wave (HFCW) radars transmit linear frequency modulated (LFM) continuous wave, there will be direct wave (DW) interference due to temporal continuity. In order to prevent receiver saturation, a DW cancellation system device is developed. This study studies the theoretical model of RF cancellation and derives the DW cancellation ratio formula. Afterwards, a system design scheme for DW cancellation is proposed, where the design and system control algorithms of each module of the cancellation system are mainly studied. Finally, by analysing the DW cancellation technique under multipath effect, it is found that the multipath effect will affect the depth of cancellation. The simulation results verify the correctness of the system design method, the measurement shows a leakage suppression of >15 dB under multipath effects.
Space scanning FMCW‐based two‐dimensional frequency diverse array radar
Authors: Karadağ Savaş , Demir Şimşek , Hızal Altunkan
Published: August 2019

The frequency‐modulated continuous wave (FMCW)‐based frequency diverse array (FDA) radar concept is extended to two dimensions (2D). The radar operates as a linear pulsed FMCW/FDA in the transmission (TX) mode while it operates as a pulsed FMCW/phased array (PA) in the receiving mode. It is shown that the FDA has the capability of scanning a 2D angular sector in a single pulse TX. It is shown that local instantaneous frequency bandwidth is much smaller than the radiofrequency (RF) frequency deviation of linear frequency modulation. Positive and negative slope TX/RF locations offer frequency diversity. The low signal‐to‐noise ratio of FDA is well compensated due to target temporal decorrelation diversity in the observation time and by the cumulative detection scheme used. Time domain and frequency domain signal processings are described. A Ku‐band direct digital synthesis‐based FDA radar design is compared by a corresponding equivalent PA radar.
Multi-waveband detection of quasi-periodic pulsations in a stellar flare on EK Draconis observed by XMM-Newton
Authors: Broomhall A.-M. , Thomas A. E. L. , Pugh C. E. , Pye J. P. , Rosen S. R.
Published: August 2019

Context. Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) are time variations in the energy emission during a flare that are observed on both the Sun and other stars and thus have the potential to link the physics of solar and stellar flares.

Aims. We characterise the QPPs detected in an X-ray flare on the solar analogue, EK Draconis, which was observed by XMM-Newton.

Methods. We used wavelet and autocorrelation techniques to identify the QPPs in a detrended version of the flare. We also fitted a model to the flare based on an exponential decay combined with a decaying sinusoid. The flare is examined in multiple energy bands.

Results. A statistically significant QPP is observed in the X-ray energy band of 0.2–12.0 keV with a periodicity of 76 ± 2 min. When this energy band is split, a statistically significant QPP is observed in the low-energy band (0.2–1.0 keV) with a periodicity of 73 ± 2 min and in the high-energy band (1.0–12.0 keV) with a periodicity of 82 ± 2 min. When fitting a model to the time series the phases of the signals are also found to be significantly different in the two energy bands (with a difference of 1.8 ± 0.2 rad) and the high-energy band is found to lead the low-energy band. Furthermore, the first peak in the cross-correlation between the detrended residuals of the low- and high-energy bands is offset from zero by more than 3σ (4.1 ± 1.3 min). Both energy bands produce statistically significant regions in the wavelet spectrum, whose periods are consistent with those listed above. However, the peaks are broad in both the wavelet and global power spectra, with the wavelet showing evidence for a drift in period with time, and the difference in period obtained is not significant. The offset in the first peak in the cross-correlation of the detrended residuals of two non-congruent energy bands (0.5−1.0 keV and 4.5−12.0 keV) is found to be even larger (10 ± 2 min). However, the signal-to-noise in the higher of these two energy-bands, covering the range 4.5−12.0 keV, is low.

Conclusions. The presence of QPPs similar to those observed on the Sun, and other stars, suggests that the physics of flares on this young solar analogue is similar to the physics of solar flares. It is possible that the differences in the QPPs detected in the two energy bands are seen because each band observes a different plasma structure. However, the phase difference, which differs more significantly between the two energy bands than the period, could also be explained in terms of the Neupert effect. This suggests that QPPs are caused by the modulation of the propagation speeds of charged particles.
Kutane Leishmaniasis bei Kindern
Authors: Butsch Florian , von Stebut Esther
Published: August 2019

Die kutane Leishmaniasis manifestiert sich in Endemie-Regionen vorwiegend im Kindesalter, als Reise- und Tropendermatose ist sie bereits gut bekannt. Das klinische Spektrum reicht von der selbst-limitierten kutanen Form bis hin zu disseminierten, rezidivierenden und anderen schweren Verlaufsformen. Eine Viszeralisierung tritt bevorzugt bei Immunsuppression und nach Infektion mit besonderen Leishmania-Subspezies auf und muss ggf. ausgeschlossen werden. Die Diagnose wird anhand einer Probebiopsie von der betroffenen Haut gesichert. Die Therapieoptionen für Kinder umfassen mehrere systemische, als auch lokaltherapeutische Verfahren, die im vorliegenden Beitrag kurz beschrieben werden.
Vitamin-D-Gabe in Hochdosis – Therapieoption bei Multipler Sklerose?
Authors: Reichert Kai
Published: August 2019

Kann man Multiple Sklerose mit hohen Dosen von Vitamin D beeinflussen oder gar heilen? Eine Therapie nach dem sog. Coimbra-Protokoll kann nach den Erfahrungen
des Begründers der Therapie, Prof. Cicero Coimbra, mit ca. 7000 Patienten und 10 Behandlungsjahren die Schubrate verringern und die Symptome verbessern oder
sogar zum Abklingen bringen.

Nach den bisherigen Erfahrungen des Autors mit mehr als 500 an Multipler Sklerose erkrankten Patienten zeigen sich unter der Hochdosis-Gabe von Vitamin D
deutliche Verbesserungen der Lebensqualität (Fatigue, Blasenstörung); unter einer kalziumarmen Diät sind die Nebenwirkungen gut kontrollierbar.
Multiple Sklerose und funktionelle Ernährungsmedizin
Authors: Böhm Udo
Published: August 2019

Die Sichtweise auf die Krankheit Multiple Sklerose (MS) hat sich in den letzten Jahren verändert. Immer neue Erkenntnisse legen nahe, dass es sich um ein
multikausales Krankheitsbild handelt. Das beeinflusst auch die Therapie: Teilkonzepte mit einseitigen Ansätzen können demzufolge nicht die gewünschten Erfolge
bringen, wenn wichtige mögliche Ursachen außer Acht gelassen werden.

Die funktionelle Ernährungsmedizin, die im Beitrag bezüglich der MS vorgestellt wird, kann insbesondere in Kombination mit der Lebensstilmedizin und
Schadstoffreduktion in einem Gesamtkonzept eine tragende Rolle spielen.
Development of a compact high-voltage pulser for hypervelocity microparticles injector
Authors: Lin Munan , Sun Jinlu , Zhan Xia , Yao Xiaohui , Zhou Hang
Published: August 2019

This paper highlights the development of a high-voltage pulser that utilizes a zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) circuit and diode split flyback transformer to produce high-voltage DC pulses for a hypervelocity microparticle injector. In our circuit, the resonant inverter of the ZVS circuit is coupled to the diode split flyback transformer to generate a voltage of 10–40 kV. A power MOSFET (IXTQ 110N10P) is placed in the circuit to switch the variable DC input power supply to get a repetitive pulse output. The frequency of the high voltage output pulse can be adjusted from DC to 500 Hz, and the rise time of the voltage is about 0.28 ms. The high-voltage pulser has been connected to a microparticle injector to undergo testing, and the ejection of microparticles has been successfully observed. Detailed simulation and experimental results of the high-voltage pulser are presented.
Modular path integral for discrete systems with non-diagonal couplings
Authors: Kundu Sohang , Makri Nancy
Published: August 2019

The modular decomposition of the path integral, which leads to linear scaling with the system length, is extended to Hamiltonians with intermonomer couplings that are not diagonalizable in any single-particle basis. An optimal factorization of the time evolution operator is identified, which minimizes the number of path integral variables while ensuring high accuracy and preservation of detailed balance. The modular path integral decomposition is described, along with a highly efficient tensor factorization of the path linking process. The algorithm is illustrated with applications to a model of coupled spins and a Frenkel exciton chain.
Tools for co-existence: fladry corrals efficiently repel wild wolves (Canis lupus) from experimental baiting sites
Authors: Iliopoulos Yorgos , Astaras Christos , Lazarou Yorgos , Petridou Maria , Kazantzidis Savas , Waltert Matthias
Published: August 2019

Context Mitigating wolf–livestock conflict is crucial for both wolf (Canis lupus) conservation and livestock farming. Wolf attacks at livestock gathering areas often result in surplus killing, severe economic losses and emotional distress for the farmers, and financial claims from compensation funds. They may also trigger retaliatory killing of wolves. One method for reducing attacks on gathered livestock is the fladry fence, a primary repellent based on wolf neophobia. Fladry, used mainly in North America, remains largely untested in southern Europe. Aims To test the effectiveness of fladry corrals at excluding wild wolves from experimental feeding sites and discuss their potential for protecting livestock in human-dominated landscapes. Methods We tested the repelling efficiency of fladry corrals at six stations baited with livestock remains close to the homesites of three wild-wolf packs in central-northern Greece. Using infrared cameras, we recorded approaching and feeding rates of wolves, brown bears and wild boars attracted to the baits, before and during fladry use. Key results The feeding rate of all wolf packs reduced to zero during fladry use. Effective repelling lasted from 23 to 157 days and ended with the removal of fladry. Wolf approaches also reduced by 75%. Modelling of wolf-approach levels showed fladry effect to be stronger when using a less attractive bait and weaker as pre-baiting duration or wolves’ pre-exposure time to fladry increased. Fladry also significantly reduced the overall feeding rates of wild boars, whereas repellence of brown bears was poor. Key conclusions Fladry can be a cost-effective tool to exclude wolves from small-sized corrals, for weeks or months. It may also be useful for repelling wild boar. We recommend further testing with live-prey at the regional scale with standardised protocols. Implications Fladry installation at farms should take into account livestock attractiveness and wolf habituation. Fladry efficiency and deterrence duration can be improved when it is combined with other livestock protection methods. Wolf habituation to fladry can be reduced by deploying it primarily in high-risk depredation areas. Moreover, deployment soon after an attack could prevent wolves from associating specific farms with being sources of prey.
Short-chain diamines are the physiological substrates of PACE family efflux pumps
Authors: Hassan Karl A. , Naidu Varsha , Edgerton Jacob R. , Mettrick Karla A. , Liu Qi , Fahmy Leila , Li Liping , Jackson Scott M. , Ahmad Irshad , Sharples David , Henderson Peter J. F. , Paulsen Ian T.
Published: August 2019

Significance

Multidrug efflux pumps are highly promiscuous determinants of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens. Since efflux pumps evolved long before the widespread use of antimicrobials, drug transport is likely to be a side reaction in many pumps, fortuitously beneficial to bacteria in hospitals. The AceI efflux protein from
Acinetobacter baumannii
is the prototype for the proteobacterial antimicrobial compound efflux (PACE) family. AceI was only known to transport the synthetic biocide chlorhexidine, which was incongruous with its ancient origin. Here we demonstrate that short-chain diamines are the physiological substrates of AceI and other PACE members, and that transport is energized by an electrochemical gradient of protons. These observations are important, because diamines play vital roles in bacterial physiology and virulence and have significant commercial uses.
Pharmacists’ Attitudes toward Dispensing Naloxone and Medications for Opioid Use Disorder: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Muzyk Andrew , Smothers Zachary P. W. , Collins Kathryn , MacEachern Mark , Wu Li-Tzy
Published: August 2019

Background

Pharmacists are on the frontline caring for patients at risk of an opioid overdose and for patients with an opioid use disorder (OUD). Dispensing naloxone and medications for OUD and counseling patients about these medications are ways pharmacists can provide care. Key to pharmacists’ involvement is their willingness to take on these practice responsibilities.

Methods

The purpose of this scoping review is to identify, evaluate, and summarize published literature describing pharmacists’ attitudes toward naloxone and medications for OUD, i.e., methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. All searches were performed on December 7, 2018, in 5 databases: Embase.com , PubMed.gov , Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) via EBSCOhost, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via Wiley, and Clarivate Web of Science. Articles included original research conducted in the United States, described attitude-related language toward naloxone and medications for OUD, and pharmacists.

Results

A total of 1323 articles were retrieved, 7 were included. Five studies reported on pharmacists’ attitudes toward naloxone dispensing, 1 study reported on attitudes toward naloxone, buprenorphine, and buprenorphine/naloxone, and 1 reported on attitudes toward buprenorphine/naloxone. Respondents were diverse, including pharmacists from different practice specialties. Studies found that pharmacists agreed with a naloxone standing order, believed that naloxone should be dispensed to individuals at risk of an opioid overdose, and were supportive of dispensing buprenorphine. A minority of pharmacists expressed negative attitudes. Barriers cited to implementation included education and training, workflow, and management support.

Conclusions

Pharmacists were positive in their attitudes toward increased practice responsibilities for patients at risk of an opioid overdose or with an OUD. Pharmacists must receive education and training to be current in their understanding of OUD medications, and they must be supported in order to provide effective care to this patient population.
Implementing Group Visits for Opioid Use Disorder: A Case Series
Authors: Sokol Randi , Albanese Mark , Albanese Chiara , Coste Gerard , Grossman Ellie , Morrill Diana , Roll David , Sobieszczyk Amy , Schuman-Olivier Zev
Published: August 2019

Background: Group-based models of Office-Based Opioid Treatment with buprenorphine-naloxone (B/N) are increasingly being implemented in clinical practice to increase access to care and provide additional therapeutic benefits. While previous studies reported these Group-Based Opioid Treatment (GBOT) models are feasible for providers and acceptable to patients, there has been no literature to help providers with the more practical aspects of how to create and maintain GBOT in different outpatient settings.

Case series: We present 4 cases of GBOT implementation across a large academic health care system, highlighting various potential approaches for providers who seek to implement GBOT and demonstrate “success” based on feasibility and sustainability of these models. For each case, we describe the pros and cons and detail the personnel and resources involved, patient mix and group format, workflow logistics, monitoring and management, and sustainability components.

Discussion: The implementation details illustrate that there is no one-size-fits-all approach, although feasibility is commonly supported by a team-based, patient-centered medical home. This approach includes the capacity for referral to higher levels of mental health and addiction support services and is bolstered by ongoing provider communication and shared resources across the health system. Future research identifying the core and malleable components to implementation, their evidence base, and how they might be influenced by site-specific resources, culture, and other contextual factors can help providers better understand how to implement a GBOT model in their unique clinical environment.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of GEF-H1 activation controlled by microtubule- and Src-mediated pathways
Authors: Azoitei Mihai L. , Noh Jungsik , Marston Daniel J. , Roudot Philippe , Marshall Christopher B. , Daugird Timothy A. , Lisanza Sidney L. , Sandí María-José , Ikura Mitsu , Sondek John , Rottapel Robert , Hahn Klaus M. , Danuser Gaudenz
Published: August 2019

Rho family GTPases are activated with precise spatiotemporal control by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Guanine exchange factor H1 (GEF-H1), a RhoA activator, is thought to act as an integrator of microtubule (MT) and actin dynamics in diverse cell functions. Here we identify a GEF-H1 autoinhibitory sequence and exploit it to produce an activation biosensor to quantitatively probe the relationship between GEF-H1 conformational change, RhoA activity, and edge motion in migrating cells with micrometer- and second-scale resolution. Simultaneous imaging of MT dynamics and GEF-H1 activity revealed that autoinhibited GEF-H1 is localized to MTs, while MT depolymerization subadjacent to the cell cortex promotes GEF-H1 activation in an ~5-µm-wide peripheral band. GEF-H1 is further regulated by Src phosphorylation, activating GEF-H1 in a narrower band ~0–2 µm from the cell edge, in coordination with cell protrusions. This indicates a synergistic intersection between MT dynamics and Src signaling in RhoA activation through GEF-H1.
Cell and tissue morphology determine actin-dependent nuclear migration mechanisms in neuroepithelia
Authors: Yanakieva Iskra , Erzberger Anna , Matejčić Marija , Modes Carl D. , Norden Caren
Published: August 2019

Correct nuclear position is crucial for cellular function and tissue development. Depending on cell context, however, the cytoskeletal elements responsible for nuclear positioning vary. While these cytoskeletal mechanisms have been intensely studied in single cells, how nuclear positioning is linked to tissue morphology is less clear. Here, we compare apical nuclear positioning in zebrafish neuroepithelia. We find that kinetics and actin-dependent mechanisms of nuclear positioning vary in tissues of different morphology. In straight neuroepithelia, nuclear positioning is controlled by Rho-ROCK–dependent myosin contractility. In contrast, in basally constricted neuroepithelia, a novel formin-dependent pushing mechanism is found for which we propose a proof-of-principle force generation theory. Overall, our data suggest that correct nuclear positioning is ensured by the adaptability of the cytoskeleton to cell and tissue shape. This in turn leads to robust epithelial maturation across geometries. The conclusion that different nuclear positioning mechanisms are favored in tissues of different morphology highlights the importance of developmental context for the execution of intracellular processes.
The Nlrp6 inflammasome is not required for baseline colonic inner mucus layer formation or function
Authors: Volk Joana K. , Nyström Elisabeth E.L. , van der Post Sjoerd , Abad Beatriz M. , Schroeder Bjoern O. , Johansson Åsa , Svensson Frida , Jäverfelt Sofia , Johansson Malin E.V. , Hansson Gunnar C. , Birchenough George M.H.
Published: August 2019

The inner mucus layer (IML) is a critical barrier that protects the colonic epithelium from luminal threats and inflammatory bowel disease. Innate immune signaling is thought to regulate IML formation via goblet cell Nlrp6 inflammasome activity that controls secretion of the mucus structural component Muc2. We report that isolated colonic goblet cells express components of several inflammasomes; however, analysis of IML properties in multiple inflammasome-deficient mice, including littermate-controlled Nlrp6−/−, detect a functional IML barrier in all strains. Analysis of mice lacking inflammasome substrate cytokines identifies a defective IML in Il18−/− mice, but this phenotype is ultimately traced to a microbiota-driven, Il18-independent effect. Analysis of phenotypic transfer between IML-deficient and IML-intact mice finds that the Bacteroidales family S24-7 (Muribaculaceae) and genus Adlercrutzia consistently positively covary with IML barrier function. Together, our results demonstrate that baseline IML formation and function is independent of inflammasome activity and highlights the role of the microbiota in determining IML barrier function.
Families of magnetic semiconductors — an overview
Authors: Dietl Tomasz , Bonanni Alberta , Ohno Hideo
Published: August 2019

The interplay of magnetic and semiconducting properties has been in the focus for more than a half of the century. In this introductory article we briefly review the key properties and functionalities of various magnetic semiconductor families, including europium chalcogenides, chromium spinels, dilute magnetic semiconductors, dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors and insulators, mentioning also sources of non-uniformities in the magnetization distribution, accounting for an apparent high Curie temperature ferromagnetism in many systems. Our survey is carried out from today's perspective of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spintronics as well as of the emerging fields of magnetic topological materials and atomically thin 2D layers.
Slow pyrolysis of fast growing wood Macaranga gigantea
Authors: Sinaga R J , Wijayanti A , Asih R D K , Subagyono RR D J N , Sanjaya A S
Published: August 2019

Slow pyrolysis of fast growing wood Macaranga gigantea has been studied. The product yields and chemical composition of products obtained from the experiments under different conditions (temperature, reaction time, sample mass) were described. In all cases, Macaranga gigantean gave total product yields, ranging from 45-65%. The increase in temperature and reaction time resulted in the increase in product yields. The organic phase of the pyrolysis products contained phenol and its derivatives, furans, benzene and its derivatives, eugenol and the isomers, methyl esters, aromatic ketones, poly-aromatic hydrocarbons, and carboxylic acids; these compounds were mainly derived from lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose.