bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerobic exercise and metformin co-administration attenuate the cognitive impairment in an experimental model of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focus on neuroinflammation and adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: Padhy Dibya Sundar , Aggarwal Punita , Ravichandiran V. , Banerjee Sugato
Published: July 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that increases the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Aerobic exercise has been reported as an excellent non-pharmacological therapeutic strategy to prevent Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. The present study assessed the role of treadmill exercise and metformin (70 mg/kg) co-administration for fourteen weeks in cognitive impairment and its associated molecular mechanism in T2DM rats. Neurobehavioural assessments were performed to evaluate spatial recognition and fear-conditioned memory. ELISA was performed to evaluate the inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and western blotting confirmed the effect of exercise and metformin on astrogliosis and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. T2DM rats showed a significant alteration in neurobehavioural patterns compared to the control group, which were improved in the exercise and metformin co-administered animals. The level of neuroinflammation was significantly elevated in the hippocampal tissue of T2DM rats compared to the control and lowered after exercise and metformin treatment. Molecular expression of mature neurons, astrogliosis, microgliosis, and neurogenesis markers were significantly altered in T2DM rat brains and ameliorated upon exercise and metformin treatment. Moreover, upregulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the hippocampus was observed in exercise and metformin co-administered rats, which was impaired in the T2DM hippocampus. In summary, long-term aerobic exercise with metformin treatment ameliorated neuroinflammation and promoted adult hippocampal neurogenesis via upregulating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in T2DM rats.
MEK5-ERK5 pathway mediates mitophagy by regulating Nur77 to promote tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Wang Jianshu , Li Jing , Xue Jinxu , Ma Baijing , Zhu Yanqi , Tian Caiping
Published: July 2024

Objective
To investigate the influence of MEK5/ERK5 pathway on mitophagy in osteosarcoma (OS), as well as the involved molecular mechanisms.
Methods
The overlapped genes of mitophagy-related genes from MSigDB database and DEGs between metastatic and primary OS groups from GSE32981 were identified. GSVA of mitophagy-related pathways between the metastatic and primary groups were analyzed. The relationships between Nur77 and mitophagy-related pathways, prognosis were investigated. Western blotting was utilized to assess protein levels of MEK5, ERK5, p-ERK5, Nur77, PINK1, and Parkin. Cellular behaviors and mitochondrial potential were evaluated via CCK-8, Transwell assay and JC-1 staining.
Results
Total 4 overlapped genes were obtained as mitophagy-related DEGs, including GABARAPL1, HIF1A, PINK1, RB1CC1. The activity scores of 3 mitophagy-related pathways exhibited significant differences between metastatic and primary groups. Importantly, Nur77 was significantly negatively correlated with a mitophagy-related pathway (GOBP MITOPHAGY: R = -0.48, P = 0.02). The Nur77 expression in metastatic group was remarkedly higher than that in the primary group (P < 0.001). Patients with high Nur77 expression had poor prognosis, with AUC values all above 0.615 in predicting 1, 3, and 5 years survival. In addition, MEK5/ERK5 pathway is activated in OS, and MEK5/ERK pathway promotes Nur77 expression, tumorigenesis and mitochondrial function in U2OS cells. Cytosporone B implement significantly increased the tumorigenesis of U2OS cells in sh-MEK5 group, and inhibited the weaken in mitochondrial membrane potential caused by MEK5 downregulation, and reversed the protein levels of mitophagy markers PINK1 and Parkin in sh-MEK5 group.
Conclusion
MEK5-ERK5 pathway mediates mitophagy by regulating Nur77 to promote tumorigenesis of OS cells. These findings offered promising therapeutic targets for OS.
A Study on the Impact of Sleep Quality on Depression and Anxiety among Medical University Students: A Mediating Role Based on Positive Mental Characters
Authors: wang guanheng , cao rongmeng , he jiansheng , ye wenan
Published: July 2024

Exploring the mediating role of positive mental characters between sleep quality and anxiety and depression, in order to prevent mental health problems among medical university students and promote their mental health development. A study was conducted on students from a medical university, using the Insomnia Severity Index, Chinese College Students Positive Psychological Quality Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale for on-site evaluation. The Process macro program developed by Hayes was used for mediation effect analysis. The development of positive mental characters among male students is better than that of female students, and their tendencies towards anxiety and depression are lower than those of female students; The development of positive mental characters among students aged 19–30 is better than that of students aged 18 and below, and their tendency towards anxiety and depression is lower than that of students aged 18; The development of positive mental characters among only child students is better than that of non only child students; The development of positive mental characters among students born in urban areas is better than that of students born in rural areas. The insomnia index is positively correlated with individual anxiety and depression, and the mediating effect of positive mental characters in the association between sleep quality and anxiety and depression accounts for 10.45% of the total effect. The development of positive mental characters partially mediates the relationship between sleep quality and depression and anxiety. High quality sleep and good positive mental characters can help medical school students alleviate anxiety and depression.
IoT based smart emergency response system (SERS) for monitoring vehicle, home and health status
Authors: Mohsin Abu S. M. , Muyeed Munyem Ahammad
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an innovative Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart emergency response system that aims to improve safety and efficiency across vehicles, homes and healthcare settings. The proposed system combines advanced sensors, communication technologies, and intelligent algorithms to provide a comprehensive solution for real-time monitoring and emergency management. The vehicle device is equipped with temperature, gas, flame, GPS, piezo, and accelerometer sensor and the system can detect accidents and hazardous conditions, automatically notifying emergency services and providing precise location data. For home security, it incorporates Flame Sensor, humidity sensor, DHT11, MQ-2 gas sensor, MQ-4 Gas Sensor, and MQ-135 gas sensor, and intrusion detection to ensure immediate alerts and response to potential threats. In healthcare, the proposed health device is equipped with temperature, humidity, stress levels, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and fetal heart rate sensor which can monitor vital signs and detect anomalies, triggering alerts for medical emergencies and facilitating timely intervention. The system utilizes a cloud-based platform to collect, analyze, and disseminate data, enabling seamless coordination between emergency responders such as ambulance for health and accident emergency, fire brigade for fire emergency and affected individuals. We have also developed a MySQL-PHP-Laravel based live dashboard and emergency response system where both the user and relevant stakeholder will have the access which could mitigate the emergency situation in the quickest amount of time without human intervention. By leveraging IoT capabilities, the smart emergency response system offers significant improvements in response times, accuracy, and overall effectiveness of emergency management. This integrated approach not only enhances individual safety but also contributes to broader public safety goals, showcasing the potential of IoT technologies in creating smarter, safer environments. Further development and field testing are anticipated to refine the system's functionality and expand its application scope.
Clinical and radiological response of benign dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) after stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Vuthiwong Withawat , Unsrisong Kittisak , Mahasap Bongkot Jia – , Vongsfak Jirapong
Published: July 2024

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF) are abnormal communication at the dura between dural arteries and dural venous sinus or veins. The transverse or sinus are common location of the shunt. This study retrospective investigated the clinical and radiological responses of benign DAVF patients following hypofractionated SRT (HSRT). Eight patients who were diagnosed benign DAVF were treated with HSRT during January 2015 to December 2022. Eight patients (75% female, 25% male) with benign DAVF, predominantly located in the transverse-sigmoid sinus, were treated with HSRT. The cohort had an average age of 52.75 years. All patients presented with pulsatile tinnitus, with one also experiencing headaches. Complete symptomatic recovery was observed in 75% of patients within a mean of 9.7 months post-HSRT. Partial recovery was reported in 25% of patients. Radiographic obliteration was achieved in 85.7% of patients within a mean of 22.3 months, with one patient exhibiting stable disease. Focal alopecia and hyperintense changes on imaging were reported as transient side effects. HSRT provide effective and safety result for symptomatic recovery and radiological obliteration in benign DAVF at transverse sigmoid location. This method provides minimally invasive therapeutic treatment option for patient who suffer from pulsatile tinnitus.
Altered ACE2 and interferon landscape in the COVID-19 microenvironment correlate with the anti-PD-1 response in solid tumors
Authors: Subbarayan Karthikeyan , Al-Samadi Ahmed , Schäfer Helene , Massa Chiara , Salo Tuula , Biehl Katharina , Vaxevanis Christoforos K , Ulagappan Kamatchi , Wahbi Wafa , Reimers Matthias , Drexler Jan Felix , Moreira-Soto Andres , Bachmann Michael , Seliger Barbara
Published: July 2024

Angiotensensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, allowing the virus to enter cells. Although tumor patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 often have a worse outcome, the expression, function and clinical relevance of ACE2 in tumors has not yet been thoroughly analyzed. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from tumors, adjacent tissues and whole blood samples of COVID-19 patients from genome databases and from tumor cell lines and endothelial cells infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants or transfected with an ACE2 expression vector (ACE2high) or mock (ACE2low) were analyzed for the expression of ACE2 and immune response relevant molecules in silico or by qPCR, flow cytometry, Western blot and/or RNA-seq. The differential expression profiles in ACE2high vs. ACE2low cells correlated with available SARS-CoV-2 RNA-seq datasets. ACE2high cells demonstrated upregulated mRNA and/or protein levels of HLA class I, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), components of the antigen processing machinery (APM) and the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway compared to ACE2low cells. Co-cultures of ACE2high cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased immune cell migration and infiltration towards ACE2high cells, apoptosis of ACE2high cells, release of innate immunity-related cytokines and altered NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, ACE2 expression was associated in different model systems and upon SARS-CoV-2 infection with an altered host immunogenicity, which might influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. These results provide novel insights into the (patho)physiological role of ACE2 on immune response-relevant mechanisms and suggest an alternative strategy to reduce COVID-19 severity in infected tumor patients targeting the ACE2-induced IFN-PD-L1 axis.
Late-stage TMJ osteoarthritis complicated by calcification of articular disk: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wei Jing , Ouyang Yu-long , Liu Yao , Wang Yi-Xian , Feng Hong-chao
Published: July 2024

The causes and the process of the calcification of the articular disk of temporomandibular joints (TMJ) remains scientific problems to be solved, with only 5 cases been reported. Here, a case in which a 40-year-old female patient with the late-stage osteoarthritis of TMJ was presented. The patient came with a complaint of the chronic pain in both sides of preauricular zone lasted for about 6 months and was diagnosed as late-stage osteoarthritis of the left TMJ complicated with calcification of the articular disk, arthroedema of the right TMJ, and bilateral irreversible disc displacement after imaging examinations, including X-ray, CBCT, and MRI. A surgical intervention was performed the informed consent of the patient, after which the patient was able to open her mouth to 39 mm with only a slight deviation toward the right side and stated a relief of the constant pain.
Shirtsleeves to shirtsleeves in three research generations. A project on the science of science and the exceedingly rare circumstances that sustain research legacies from a mentor to mentee and to theirs: A case study on firearm research
Authors: Wiebe Douglas J.
Published: July 2024

Background
In the 50 years since public health firearm research began, the decades have witnessed several pioneering investigators, followed by NRA backlash and a CDC funding moratorium, then increasing firearm mortality punctuated by mass shootings, and finally an unprecedented release of funding dedicated for research and to support trainees. Motivated by my own efforts to stay productive in firearm research, by the shirtsleeves-to-shirtsleeves cautionary lesson that wealth – for us this a researcher’s funding, infrastructure, and capacity – amassed by one generation will soon diminish, and by my worry that we are not adequately dedicated to growing new investigators, I set out to document researcher lineages in this field.
Methods
I created a multigenerational lineage map to find authors using “gun” or “firearm” in the title/abstract as a way to find peer-reviewed publications on firearms as a public health issue. I designated the first author as Gen1 if the manuscript was sole authored or the senior author had never been first author on a firearm publication. I plotted each Gen1 author at the year of their first first-authored publication, and pointed from them to subsequent “first-time first-author investigators” (Gen2) for whom they were senior author, and so on for a Gen2 serving as senior author for a Gen3, and so on in that lineage.
Results
Gen1 authors numbered 91 by 2023, the first being Rushforth in 1974.3 Rushforth, 14 years later, produced the first and his only Gen2 author, Paulson,4 who produced no Gen3 authors. The field had produced 6 Gen2 authors when the first Gen3 author appeared in 1993, who produced the first Gen4 author in 1998, 14 years after Kraus5 that initiated that lineage in 1984. To date, only 5 lineages have produced a Gen4 author and among those only one lineage, from Schwab in 2002,6 has produced a Gen5. Twenty-four Gen3 authors have emerged. Only 35% of Gen2 authors produced a Gen3.
Conclusion
I hope this motivates years-long strategies to help trainees become established, informed by modeling quantitative and qualitative data to identify characteristics underlying the investigator network related to productivity and shortcomings alike. Without dedication to understand the science of science, shirtsleeves-to-shirtsleeves in three generations may be the fate of firearm research.
Retroperitoneal vs. Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Pyelolithotomy; a single surgeon’s experience
Authors: Pakmanesh Hamid , Salari Ali
Published: July 2024

Objective: To compare the outcomes of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy procedures.
Methods: A total of 104 consecutive laparoscopic pyelolithotomy surgeries performed by a single surgeon on patients with staghorn or renal pelvic calculi larger than 20 mm were evaluated. Intraoperative and postoperative clinical parameters from two groups, transperitoneal (TLPL) (N=55) and retroperitoneal (RLPL) (N=49), were compared. The surgeon performed TLPL for the first five years and then switched to the RLPL approach for the next five years.
Results: There were no significant differences in general demographic variables and stone size (26.55 vs 24.73 mm, P = 0.8). Operation time and change in serum creatinine levels did not significantly differ between the two approaches. However, patients who underwent TLPL had longer hospital stays than RLPL (3.23±1.21 vs 2.36±1.10 days, P=0.0001). Prolonged hospitalization of more than three days occurred in 30.9% of the TLPL group compared to 8.2% for the RLPL group (P=0.004). Additionally, TLPL was associated with a greater drop in hemoglobin levels (1.53 ±1.04 vs 1.17±0.68, P=0.04), higher rates of postoperative fever (12.7% vs 0.0%, P=0.01), and more major complications (Clavien classification grade >3) (10.9% in TLPL vs 2% in RLPL, P=0.07).
Conclusions: The retroperitoneal approach in pyelolithotomy for large renal pelvic stones resulted in fewer postoperative fevers, reduced hemoglobin drops, and shorter hospital stays than the transperitoneal approach. However, the stone-free rates were similar for both groups.
Empirical Study To Compare The Performance Of Novel CPU Implementation Of Deep Learning Algorithms With GPU-BASED Implementatioms
Authors: Al-Sobh Eslam , Alshbool Prof. Mahmoud , Jararweh Yaser , Jarrah Prof. Moath
Published: July 2024

Deep learning architectures and algorithms have shown promising results in different
applications. However, training deep learning algorithms is a time-consuming step and researchers used graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerators in order to achieve an acceptable execution time, especially for real life applications. Sub-LInear Deep Learning Engine (SLIDE) is a relatively new work that aims at speeding up deep learning using only central processing unit (CPUs) implementation. Additionally, TorchSLIDE used PyTorch libraries to speed up SLIDE by 2.6X. This research study attempts to provide an empirical comparison for four models which are: PyTorch baseline CPU, PyTorch baseline GPU, TorchSLIDE, and SLIDE. In the experiments, we used a server with 10 cores (Intel i9-7900X) and NVIDIA Quadro P4000 (GP104GL) GPU. Five datasets were used in the evaluation which are: Amazon-670K, Delicious-200K, AmazonCat-13K, LF-AmazonTitles-131K, and Wiki10-31K. Based on the experiments, Py-
Torch baseline GPU outperforms the other three implementations and achieved the highest accuracy in less time compared with the others for all datasets. Moreover, SLIDE outperformed TorchSLIDE when using the AmazonCat-13K dataset.
Study on the Catalytic Mechanism and Water Resistance of CuMnSn x Catalyst for CO Elimination
Authors: Sun Yashengnan , Zhu Rongtao , Bai Gang , Xin Tianyu , Li Jinyu , Zhou Xihua , Chang Wenjing , Wang Jue , Xiao Mufeng
Published: July 2024

CO in coal mine underground spaces can easily cause casualties among miners. The humidity in coal mines is relatively high, and traditional CuMn catalysts are prone to deactivation. Compared to traditional CuMn catalysts, doping with Sn enhances the activity and water resistance of CuMn catalysts. The CuMnSn catalyst was tested using XPS, FTIR, and a self-made Activity Test Experimental System, with partial data processed using the Avantage software. The results show that Sn increases the number of active sites (Cu+) on the CuMn catalyst and the proportion of surface adsorbed oxygen (Oads) and surface lattice oxygen (Olat) in O 1s, which is the reason for the improved activity of the CuMnSn catalyst. Sn weakens the coordination bond between Cu2+ and H2O, reducing the formation of CO32−, which is the reason for the improved water resistance of the catalyst.
Subsurface Water in Mars' Shallow Diluvium Deposits: Evidence from Tianwen-1 Radar Observations
Authors: Ding Chunyu , Jiang Changzhi , Su Yan , Li Jiawei , Sharma Ravi , Liu Yuanzhou
Published: July 2024

Early Mars is believed to have had extensive liquid water activity, which has now predominantly transitioned to a frozen state, with the majority of water stored in polar ice caps. It has long been deemed that the shallow subsurface of Mars' mid-to-low latitudes is devoid of liquid water. However, geological features observed at the Tianwen-1 landing site hint potential subsurface water. Our research indicates that the shallow subsurface at the Tianwen-1 landing site consists primarily of diluvium deposits containing liquid brine and brine ice, which exhibits diurnal thermal convection processes. Here we report the relationship between the loss tangent and temperature of materials within 5 meters depth of the subsurface at the Tianwen-1 landing site, as in-situ detected by high-frequency radar and climate station onboard the Zhurong rover. When the strata temperature exceeds ~ 240 K, the mixed brine ice transitions to liquid brine, significantly increasing the loss tangent from an average of ~ 0.0167 to a maximum of ~ 0.0448. This finding indicates the presence of substantial subsurface water in Mars' mid-to-low latitudes, influencing the shallow subsurface heat distribution and contributing to the current Martian hydrological cycle.
Identification, Characterization, and Sensitivity to Phytochemicals of Novel Curvularia Species Associated with Leaf Spot Disease on Curcuma kwangsiensis
Authors: Wang Hanyi , Wei Rongchang , Wei Youjing , Su Jiali , Xu Jiajia , Yao Maoxiao , Tian Dongna , Zhou Hao
Published: July 2024

A leaf spot disease affecting Curcuma kwangsiensis (Zingiberaceae) has been observed in Qinzhou City, Guangxi Province. Infected leaves exhibit yellow-brown spots that progressively expand and eventually lead to leaf death. Curvularia isolates were abtained from the diseased leaves with tissue isolation and single spore purification methods. To accurately identify these isolates, we analyzed their morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships using combinations of ITS, GAPDH, and EF-1α gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the investigated strains formed a distinct clade separate from other recognized Curvularia species. Furthermore, the strains exhibited differences in conidiophore size and conidia shape/size. Based on phylogenetic studies, morphology, and pathogenicity tests, the pathogens were identified as a new species named Curvularia qinzhouensis. Optimal conditions for mycelial growth were observed at 30°C and pH 8. The sensitivity of the pathogen to various phytochemicals was also examined. Honokiol, thymol, and citral demonstrated effective antifungal effects, with EC50 values of 6.72 ± 1.75, 25.74 ± 4.30, and 54.24 ± 4.69 µg/ml, respectively. The present investigation provides the first report of leaf spot disease on C. kwangsiensis caused by C. qinzhouensis, and valuable insights for the prevention and control of this disease.
Halocynthiibacter laminarini gen. nov., sp. nov. and Halocynthiibacter xylanolyticus sp. nov., marine anaerobic laminarin and xylan degraders in the phylum Bacteroidota
Authors: Nguyen Tra T.H. , Vuong Tien Q. , Han Ho Le , Kim Song-Gun
Published: July 2024

The bacterial group of the phylum Bacteroidota greatly contributes to the global carbon cycle in marine ecosystems through its specialized ability to degrade marine polysaccharides. In this study, it is proposed that two novel facultative anaerobic strains, DS1-an-13321T and DS1-an-2312T, which were isolated from a sea squirt, represent a novel genus, Halocynthiibacter, with two novel species in the family Prolixibacteraceae. The 16S rRNA sequence similarities of these two strains were 91.26% and 91.37%, respectively, against Puteibacter caeruleilacunae JC036T, which is the closest recognized neighbor. The complete genomes of strains DS1-an-13321T and DS1-an-2312T each consisted of a single circular chromosome with a size of 4.47 and 5.19 Mb, respectively. The average amino acid identity and the percentage of conserved proteins against the type species of the genera in the family Prolixibacteraceae ranged from 48.33–52.35% and 28.34–37.37%, respectively, which are lower than the threshold for genus demarcation. Strains DS1-an-13321T and DS1-an-2312T could grow on galactose, glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, laminarin, and starch, and only DS1-an-2312T could grow on xylose and xylan under fermentation conditions. These strains produced acetic acid and propionic acid as the major fermentation products. Genome mining of the genomes of the two strains revealed 27 and 34 polysaccharide utilization loci, which included 155 and 249 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), covering 57 and 65 CAZymes families, respectively. The laminarin-degrading enzymes in both strains were cell-associated, and showed exo-hydrolytic activity releasing glucose as a major product. The xylan-degrading enzymes of strain DS1-an-2312T was also cell-associated, and had endo-hydrolytic activities, releasing xylotriose and xylotetraose as major products. The evidence from phenotypic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genomic characteristics supported the proposal of a novel genus with two novel species in the family Prolixibacteraceae, for which the names Halocynthiibacter laminarini gen. nov., sp. nov. and Halocynthiibacter xylanolyticus sp. nov. are proposed. The type strain of Halocynthiibacter laminarini is DS1-an-13321T (= KCTC 25031T = DSM 115329T) and the type strain of Halocynthiibacter xylanolyticus is DS1-an-2312T (= KCTC 25032T = DSM 115328T).
A synchronous wear design for inner and outer inserts of indexable drill based on numerical simulation
Authors: Li Jinxin , Jiang Feng , Wang Ningchang , Huang Shizhan , Zhang Tao , Jin Ansheng , Yao Xiaofeng , Yao Hongfei , Zhu Dongwei , Zha Xuming , Guo Bicheng , Jiang Zheng
Published: July 2024

The synchronous wear of the inner and outer inserts is vital for the indexable drill with stable high-performance stability throughout life. In this study, the finite element simulation model for the indexable drill is developed, in which the accurate material constitutive model considering the strain rate and thermal softening is established experimentally. The synchronous wear design of the inner and outer inserts is implemented based on finite element simulation. The initial radial force is optimized before the synchronous wear design. Then, the wear rates of inner and outer inserts are predicted based on the temperature and stress of tools extracted from the simulations and the classical wear model, which is used for the synchronous wear design. The results show that the calculated tool wear rates for inner and outer inserts are close to each other when the tool edge radius, rake angle and relief angle are 20 µm, 8° and 4°, respectively. The synchronous wear could also be achieved for different process parameters based on the optimized parameters of the insert.
Regulating Photoluminescence of Aluminum Complexes by Substituents on Metal: From Non-luminescence to Room-Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Tanaka Kazuo , Ito Shunichiro , Hosokai Takuya , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: July 2024

In this manuscript, synthesis and optical properties, such as crystallization-induced emission (CIE) and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and the substituent effect on the central element are reported based on β-diketiminate aluminum complexes. Although luminescent aluminum compounds have been utilized for emitting and electron transporting layers in organic light-emitting diodes, most of them often exhibit not phosphorescence but fluorescence with low photoluminescent quantum yields in the aggregated state than those in the amorphous state due to concentration quenching. In this study, the π-conjugated β-diketiminate ligand was employed for constructing four-coordinated complexes with dialkyl- or dihaloaluminum moieties, and the dihaloaluminum complexes were found to exhibit the CIE property. Moreover, we found that the diiodoaluminum complex provided RTP, while the dialkylaluminum complexes hardly showed emission at room temperature. From theoretical calculations, it was suggested that undesired structural relaxation in the singlet excited state of dialkyl complexes should be suppressed by introducing electronegative halogens instead of alkyl groups. Our findings might be useful for establishing a new molecular design not only for obtaining luminescent complexes but also for achieving triplet-harvesting materials.
Multifactorial analysis of factors influencing premolar mobility in stage III/IV grade C periodontitis patients ≤35 years of age: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Jia-Ming , Wang Xian-E , Xu Xiao , Liu Jian , Zhang Li , Feng Xiang-Hui , Lu Rui-Fang , Xu Li , Meng Huan-Xin
Published: July 2024

Background: Previous studies has revealed a potential association between crown-root ratio and root morphology in patients with mild chronic periodontitis, suggesting a possible link to tooth mobility. However, further comprehensive analytical investigations were not pursued. Our previous study observed that 76% of aggressive periodontitis patients exhibit abnormal root morphology, especially in premolars, associated with severe alveolar bone loss and mobility, leading to poor clinical outcomes. This study aims to investigate the specific correlations between factors such as alveolar bone resorption, root morphology, crown-root ratio, and periodontal clinical indicators with tooth mobility of premolars in stage III/IV grade C periodontitis patients ≤35 years of age.
Materials and methods: A total of 1064 premolars from 151 stage III/IV grade C periodontitis patients ≤35 years of age were recruited. Clinical periodontal parameters and radiographic parameters were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the relationships between these indicators and tooth mobility.
Results: The difference in the length of the premolar roots wassignificant, ranging from 6.80 mm-20.96 mm. Teeth with shorter roots (mean root length of 10.22 mm) exhibitedgrade I mobility with only 28% alveolar bone resorption, while the percentages ofmedium-length roots (mean root length of 12.67 mm) and longer roots(average of 14.91 mm) exhibiting alveolar bone resorptionwere 34% and 37%, respectively. In terms of classifying the degree of mobility, multiple regression models incorporating the crown-root ratio at the bone level, average probing depth and root length demonstrated optimal performance (P<0.001, AIC=1700.574).
Conclusion: Premolar mobility is associated with variations in root length, alveolar bone resorption, and probing depth. The crown-root ratio at the bone level can effectively serve as a predictor for assessing tooth mobility when there are discrepancies in root length and extent of alveolar bone resorption.
Evaluating the Multiple-Choice Questions Quality at the College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia: A Three-Year Experience
Authors: Eleragi A. M. S. , Miskeen Elhadi , Hussein Kamal , Rezigalla Assad Ali , Adam Masoud I. E. , Al-Faifi Jaber Ahmed , Alhalafi Abdullah , Ameer Ahmed Y. Al , Mohammed Osama A.
Published: July 2024

Background
Assessment is a central tool that drives and shapes students learning. Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are crucial in medical education assessment because they evaluate knowledge across large cohorts. Good quality items will help to achieve the learning objectives and provide trustful results. This study aims to evaluate the quality of MCQs utilized in the final exams of the Principal of Diseases (PRD) course over three academic years at the College of Medicine at The University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia.
Method
This cross-sectional institutional-based study used the final exams from the PRD course for the academic years 2016–2019. It was conducted at the College of Medicine, University of Bisha (UBCOM), Saudi Arabia (SA). The analysis process used item analysis (IA) of the PRD final theoretical examinations of the 2016–2017, 2017–2018, and 2018–2019 academic years. 80, 70, and 60 MCQ items were used per test in the above-mentioned years, respectively (210 total). The IA targets the reliability (KR20), difficulty index (DIF), discrimination index (DI), and distractor effectiveness (DE). The generated data were analyzed using SPSS (version 25.0), and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results
The exams included 210 items. The reliability (KR20) ranged from 0.804 to 0.906. The DI indicated that 56.7% of items were excellent, 20.9% were good, 13.8% were poor, and 8.6% were defective. The DIF showed that 50.5% of items had acceptable difficulty, 37.6% were easy, and 11.9% were difficult. DE analysis revealed that 70.2% of distractors were functional, with a significant correlation between DI, DIF, and DE (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The quality of the analyzed MCQs in this study has good discrimination and acceptable difficulty, making them generally of high quality. The study accentuates the importance of continuous item analysis to maintain and improve the quality of assessment tools used in medical education.
The Apple Does Not Fall Far: Stable Predictive Relationships Between Parents' Ratings of Their Own and Their Children’s Self-Regulation Abilities
Authors: Kneidinger Johanna , Alanis José C. García , Steinmayr Ricarda , Schneider Silvia , Christiansen Hanna
Published: July 2024

Self-regulation is a critical skill that influences children's academic, social, and emotional development. This study investigates the stability and predictive relationships between parents' ratings of their own and their children's self-regulation abilities, focusing on executive function and delay aversion due to their strong association with cognitive and emotional control processes. Using data from 1700 families collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, we employed hierarchical structural equation models and cross-lagged panel models to analyze the temporal stability and directional influences of self-regulation assessments. Our analysis revealed a substantial latent correlation (r = 0.48, p < 0.001) between parents' and children's executive function problems, indicating a shared variance of approximately 23%. Significant cross-lagged effects were found, with parental executive function at T1 predicting child executive function at T2 (β = 0.16, p = 0.004). For delay aversion, we found a latent correlation of r = 0.50 (p < 0.001) and significant within-timepoint and temporal stability, but no cross-lagged effects. These findings suggest that higher levels of executive function problems reported by parents at T1 correspond to an increased perception of similar problems in their children at T2. This highlights the importance of parental self-perception in assessing children's abilities, aligning with Murphey's model that parental beliefs influence child outcomes. Our results underscore the significance of considering family dynamics in interventions aimed at promoting self-regulation in children. By understanding the interplay between parental and child self-regulation, researchers and practitioners can design more effective, individualized interventions to promote positive developmental outcomes.
Multi-omics analysis reveals an anoikis-related signature for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ma Yuqi , Li Jia , Shen Tao
Published: July 2024

Background
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent form of lung cancer characterized by a significant death rate. Anoikis (ANO), refers to a distinct kind of programmed cell death that is strongly linked to the body's immune response to cancer. Nevertheless, the precise function of ANO in NSCLC is still not well understood.
Methods
ANO-related genes were analysed using multiple methods, including AUCell, UCell, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), Singscore, AddModuleScore, GSVA and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We have developed an innovative machine learning framework that combines 10 different machine learning algorithms and 101 possible combinations of these algorithms. The goal of this framework is to build a reliable signature, known as the Anoikis-related signature (ARS), which is related to the phenomenon of anoikis. The performance of ARS was evaluated in both the training and validation sets. Column line graphs using ARS were developed as a quantitative technique to predict prognosis in clinical settings. Multi-omics studies, including genomic and bulk transcriptomic, were performed to gain more in-depth knowledge of prognostic features. We analysed the responsiveness of risk groups to immunotherapy and searched for tailored drugs to target specific risk categories.
Results
We discovered 103 genes associated with ANO at both single cell and bulk transcriptome levels. A computational framework using machine learning and 101 combinations was used to generate the consensus ARS. This framework showed exceptional performance in accurately predicting prognosis and clinical change, and the ARS can also be used to predict the initiation, progression and spread of NSCLC. Statistical studies have shown that it is an independent prognostic determinant of (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in NSCLC. The integrated column line graphs of the ARS provide an accurate and quantitative tool for clinical practice. We also identified distinct metabolic processes, patterns of genetic mutations and the presence of immune cells in the tumour microenvironment that differed between the high-risk and low-risk groups. Significantly, there were significant changes in the immunophenotype score (IPS) between the risk groups, suggesting that the high-risk group is likely to have a more favourable response to immunotherapy. In addition, potential drugs targeting specific at-risk populations were identified.
Conclusion
The purpose of our work is to create a signature associated with immunogenic cell death. This signature has the potential to be a useful tool for predicting the prognosis of NSCLC, as well as for targeted prevention and personalised therapy. We are also providing new insights into the molecular pathways involved in the growth and progression of NSCLC through the use of mass transcriptomics and genomics research.
Insomnia and both socioeconomic status and individual behavior: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wu Kuilin , Gao Yanting , Zhang Zongwang
Published: July 2024

Background
The association between socioeconomic status and individual behavior (SES/IB) with the development of insomnia is an area of increasing interest. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was utilized by us to investigate the causal relationship between SES/IB and the onset of insomnia and to support the creation of effective strategies for the detection and prevention of this disorder.
Method
A two-sample MR study was carried out to assess the causal impacts of SES/IB on insomnia. The main analysis uses inverse variance weighting(IVW), while other MR methods include MR egger and weighted median. Various tests were conducted, including a pleiotropy test, heterogeneity test, and leave-one-out test.
Result
The MR analysis results showed: Maternal smoking around birth(OR[95%CI] = 1.22[ 1.03–1.45], p = 0.021)、Time spent watching television(OR[95%CI] = 1.17[ 1.11–1.24], p = 1.21E-09) and Smoking status(OR[95%CI] = 1.10[ 1.04–1.17], p = 0.0018) were positively associated with the incidence of insomnia. In addition,Educational attainment(OR[95%CI] = 0.98[ 0.97–0.99], p = 5.68E-11)、Average total household income before tax(OR[95%CI] = 0.87[ 0.83–0.91], p = 4.90E-08)、Fresh fruit consumption(OR[95%CI] = 0.83[ 0.70-1.00], p = 0.047) and Age at first birth(OR[95%CI] = 0.97[ 0.96–0.99], p = 3.00E-05) were negatively correlated with the risk of insomnia.
Conclusion
The phenotypes associated with SES/IB exert a broad and diverse influence on the prevalence of insomnia. These insights could potentially inform the development of practical approaches for the screening and proactive prevention of insomnia, offering avenues for targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of this pervasive sleep disorder.
Establishment and characterization of a rat model of scalp-cranial composite defect for multilayered tissue engineering
Authors: Zhu Yi , Mei Ou , Zhang Hui , You Wulin , Zhong Jiamin , Collins Caralyn P. , Shen Guowei , Luo Changqi , Wu Xingye , Li Jingjing , Shu Yi , Wen Ya , Luu Hue H. , Shi Lewis L. , Fan Jiaming , He Tong-Chuan , Ameer Guillermo A. , Sun Cheng , Wen Liangyuan , Reid Russell R.
Published: July 2024

Composite cranial defects have individual functional and aesthetic ramifications, as well as societal burden, while posing significant challenges for reconstructive surgeons. Single-stage composite reconstruction of these deformities entail complex surgeries that bear many short- and long-term risks and complications. Current research on composite scalp-cranial defects is sparse and one-dimensional, often focusing solely on bone or skin. Thus, there is an unmet need for a simple, clinically relevant composite defect model in rodents, where there is a challenge in averting healing of the skin component via secondary intention. By utilizing a customizable (3D-printed) wound obturator, the scalp wound can be rendered non-healing for a long period (more than 6 weeks), with the cranial defect patent. The wound obturator shows minimal biotoxicity and will not cause severe endocranium-granulation adhesion. This composite defect model effectively slowed the scalp healing process and preserved the cranial defect, embodying the characteristics of a “chronic composite defect”. In parallel, an autologous reconstruction model was established as the positive control. This positive control exhibited reproducible healing of the skin within 3 weeks with variable degrees of osseointegration, consistent with clinical practice. Both models provide a stable platform for subsequent research not only for composite tissue engineering and scaffold design but also for mechanistic studies of composite tissue healing.
Characteristics of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Germicidal Activity on Leather Fabrics
Authors: Ganesan Nirmala
Published: July 2024

Background: Au NPs, or metal aluminium oxide nanoparticles, were created on leather textiles on-site. Several instrumental methods were employed, such as FTIR, HR-TEM, XRD, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Using disc diffusion against bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia, the antibacterial activity of aluminium oxide nanoparticles was investigated.
Objective: This work should create new opportunities for innovation in the leather industries since it provides a first step toward the bio-functionalization and colouring of different leather fabrics using green technologies.
Methods: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and characterization: Scanning electron microscope (SEM)Aluminium oxide nanoparticles' biological activity and the antibacterial properties of leather materials using al2O3 nanoparticles
Results: Because of its potent antibacterial properties, aluminium oxide nanoparticle production is a rapidly developing technique in nanotechnology. X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and a UV-visible spectrophotometer were used to characterize the produced aluminium oxide nanoparticle. The FTIR and XRD measurements demonstrated good peak results because aluminium oxide has good structural characteristics. Using disc diffusion against bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia, the antibacterial activity of aluminium oxide nanoparticles was investigated. Aeruginosa exhibited a higher activity of 13mm in comparison to the other strains, although all three species demonstrated good activity for the Al2O3 included leather. SEM was used to further analyse the leather textiles that contained Al2O3. The amount of Al2O3 NPs that have been deposited on leather material has produced great results for leather fabrics that have been dipped.
Conclusion: Sol-gel synthesis of alumina nanoparticles has been achieved with success. Al2O3 nanoparticles' antibacterial activity against three strains was demonstrated to be effective. The multifunctional qualities of leather were enhanced by applying her synthesized Al2O3 NPs to leather textiles. An immersion method was used to deposit Al2O3 on leather textiles. Adsorbed on the leather fabric's surface, the nanoparticles were uniformly bonded to the coated leather fabric's surface.
A case report of pancreaticoduodenectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection
Authors: Zhang Mengna , Zhang Bin , Zhao Ying ’an , Wu Anle , Ren Xuanlei , Zheng Jianbo , Zhu Jiyun , Yu Jun , Zheng Siming
Published: July 2024

Objective: To summarize the clinical experience of a case report of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with en bloc celiac axis (CA) resection for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
Methods: Clinical data of one patient with locally advanced pancreatic cancer who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and embolization of the proper hepatic artery in the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University in May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: This case was operated smoothly with an operative time of 535 min, and intraoperative bleeding of about 800 ml. Only short-term elevation of hepatic aminotransferase appeared in the postoperative period, which was improved by hepatoprotective and symptomatic treatments, and was discharged from the hospital at 20 days postoperatively, and no tumour recurrence has occurred in the follow-up so far.
Conclusion: In patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer with simultaneous invasion of the celiac trunk, common hepatic artery and hepatic innominate artery, total pancreaticoduodenectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection is safe and feasible in cases where neoadjuvant chemotherapy is effective and after establishing hepatic collateral circulation by preoperative embolization of the hepatic innominate artery. Meanwhile, more cases in more centers are needed to validate this conclusion.
An electrochemical biosensor for sensitive detection of live Salmonella in food via MXene amplified methylene blue signals and electrostatic immobilization of bacteriophages
Authors: Zhou Jingjing , Deng Tingliu , Zeng Qin , Wang Heye , Deng Chunyan
Published: July 2024

The rapid reproduction of live foodborne pathogenic bacteria poses a significant threat to human health. In the aspect of food safety monitoring, it is crucial to develop sensitive, rapid, and specific methods for detecting foodborne pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we present a novel bacteriophage-targeted electrochemical biosensor designed for accurate and quantitative detection of live Salmonella in food samples. The biosensor is simply constructed by electrostatic immobilizing bacteriophages on the MXene-nanostructred electrodes. MXene, renowned for its high surface area, biocompatibility, and conductivity, serves as an ideal platform for bacteriophage immobilization. This allows for a high-density immobilization of bacteriophage particles, achieving approximately 71 pcs µm− 2. Remarkably, the bacteriophages immoblized MXene nanostructured electrode still maintain their viability and functionality, ensuring their effectiveness in pathogen detection. Therefore, this proposed biosensor exhibited the enhanced sensitivity with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 5 CFU mL− 1. Notably, the biosensor exhibits excellent specificity in the presence of other bacteria that commonly contaminate food, and can distinguish live Salmonella from a mixed population. Furthermore, it is applicable in detecting live Salmonella in food samples, which highlights its potential in food safety monitoring. This biosensor offers simplicity, convenience, and suitability for resource-limited environments, making it a promising tool for on-site monitoring of foodborne pathogenic bacteria.