bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A AUTONOMIA DA GESTÃO DAS ENTIDADES GESTORAS DO FUTEBOL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Silva Lucas Do Monte
Published: October 2018

Com o fracasso da seleção brasileira na busca pelo hexacampeonato na Copa do Mundo 2014, provocou-se diversos debates quanto a possibilidade de uma reformulação da Confederação Brasileira de Futebol (CBF) e, por extensão, da forma de gestão dos clubes brasileiros, bem como trouxe à tona discussões sobre o nível de autonomia que tais entes possuem no Brasil. Utiliza-se dessa derrota como um ponto de partida para uma mudança paradigmática na forma de gestão do esporte brasileiro e, mais especificamente, a gestão do esporte mais popular do Brasil, o futebol. Dessa discussão, sob uma ótica jurídica,  engendra-se dois questionamentos, os quais servem de premissa lógica para responder a hipótese levantada pelo artigo: É viável a intervenção do Estado na gestão das entidades gestoras do futebol brasileiro? Caso ela seja possível, qual seria o limite da intervenção estatal nessa esfera, isto é, em quais âmbitos seria positiva a ingerência do governo, sem prejudicar a autonomia de tais entes? Para responder esses questionamentos, utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e do método hipotético-dedutivo, com o objetivo de verificar tal possibilidade, levando em consideração a legislação infraconstitucional e constitucional do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro
PRINCÍPIO DA COOPERAÇÃO NO PROCESSO CIVIL
Authors: Medeiros Neto Elias Marques de , Machado Pedro Antonio De Oliveira
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho apresenta o tema do princípio da cooperação no processo civil, como um novo paradigma no direito pátrio, que, em harmonia com outros aspectos e institutos adotados no novo Código de Processo Civil, se apresenta como importante modelo para fortalecer e legitimar o processo como instrumento de efetiva distribuição de justiça; tarefa esta que passa a ser compartilhada, ao menos na fase instrutória, com a sociedade, e notadamente com os demais atores da demanda. Para além, se buscará demonstrar que esses objetivos hão de estar em conexão com a duração razoável do processo, com a observância do devido processo legal, contraditório substancial e ampla defesa. Assim, serão alinhavados breves considerações sobre o formato da sociedade no qual se insere tais institutos e objetivos, a crise do processo, os desafios a serem enfrentados nesse ambiente, a origem histórica do modelo cooperativo de processo, a sua fundamentação constitucional, a postura que passa a ser exigida dos atores que participam do processo, notadamente do juiz, e as técnicas processuais do novo código, visando-se conferir a almejada efetividade, considerado o fator tempo; sem olvidar-se do respeito às garantias processuais fundamentais, sem as quais não existirão processos justos.
ÉTICA, ORDEM ECONÔMICA E A FUNÇÃO SÓCIO-SOLIDÁRIA EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Benacchio Marcelo , Vailatti Diogo Basilio
Published: October 2018

A ordem econômica brasileira, fundada no artigo 170, “caput” da Constituição Federal, abarca uma pluralidade de interesses que, em um primeiro momento, parecem antagônicos, mas que possuem um objetivo em comum, qual seja: efetivar a dignidade da pessoa humana. Desta forma, quando os valores morais que compõem um agir ético são analisados, percebe-se que ambos buscam concretizar os direitos humanos, de forma que se pode falar em uma dupla exigência de uma ética empresarial (plano constitucional e moral) existente no Brasil. Contudo, em que pese tais concepções, constata-se que a maior parte das empresas ainda não pautam sua atuação em uma totalidade sob tal prisma, o que faz com que o presente trabalho procure aprofundar seus estudos em tal temática.
O DEVER DE PUBLICIDADE DO ESTADO DIANTE DAS INOVAÇÕES TECNOLÓGICAS
Authors: Ehrhardt Júnior Marcos , Rodrigues Ricardo Schneider
Published: October 2018

Para assegurar a força normativa da Constituição e a sua efetividade é necessário interpretá-la de acordo com as mudanças fáticas ocorridas ao longo das últimas décadas, não se permitindo a utilização de meios anacrônicos e que não mais atendam aos desideratos constitucionais de publicidade dos atos públicos e de fomento ao controle social, ainda que previstos em lei. É analisada a influência da Sociedade da Informação no setor público e o impacto da tecnologia na produção legislativa. A partir do exame de dois casos práticos demonstra-se que a evolução tecnológica pode ensejar a inconstitucionalidade de lei cujas regras prevejam a publicidade de atos oficiais por meios atualmente obsoletos.
DIÁLOGOS INSTITUCIONAIS E IMPACTO ORÇAMENTÁRIO DA JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Ferreira Débora Costa , Ximenes Julia Maurmann
Published: October 2018

A análise da judicialização das políticas públicas perpassa, dentre outras possibilidades, uma análise sobre o impacto orçamentário. O presente o artigo busca comprovar as potencialidades dos diálogos institucionais para contornar os desdobramentos negativos da atuação do Poder Judiciário na efetivação de direitos sociais sob a perspectiva orçamentária.
A COBRANÇA DE IMPOSTO DE RENDA SOBRE PENSÃO ALIMENTÍCIA: INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE NO CASO DOS ADVOGADOS SÓCIOS DE ESCRITÓRIO DE ADVOCACIA
Authors: Lulia Luciana De Toledo Temer , Couto Mônica Bonetti
Published: October 2018

O presente trabalho realizou um recorte acerca de uma situação concreta de desigualdade vislumbrada quando da aplicação dos regramentos normativos da ADI nº 5.422, proposta pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Direito da Família. Isto posto, o estudo tem por escopo indagar, especificadamente, se o tratamento desigual entre famílias cujos provedores são advogados associados a empresa de advocacia gera uma situação de inconstitucionalidade. Para tanto, inicialmente realizou-se um panorama geral da ADI nº 5.422, efetuando, em um segundo momento, uma análise do princípio da igualdade, delimitando seu conteúdo e contornos. A partir disso, buscou-se averiguar a situação concreta, a fim de perquirir soluções para a inconstitucionalidade do caso apresentado.
Cannulation of Innominate Artery During Proximal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: DOLAPOGLU Ahmet , AVCI Eyup , BUGRA Onursal
Published: October 2018

Objective:
There are many debates for cannulation sites during aortic surgeries. The
cannulation technique which is providing antegrade flow is associated with
better survival and neurological outcomes than retrograde flow. For this
purpose, innominate and axillary artery cannulation have been increasingly used
for cardiopulmonary bypass recently. We aimed to present our experience with
innominate artery cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass and antegrade
selective cerebral perfusion during proximal aortic aneurysm repair.

Methods: A
total of eighteen patients with proximal aortic aneurysm underwent surgical
repair were included into the study. Pre-operative patient’s charecteristis,
surgical details and postoperative outcomes were investigated.

Results:
The mean age was 58.8±10.2 and majority of the patients were male (72%). Bicuspit
leafletes was found in 9 patients (50%). Two patients died in postoperative
period. No stroke or new neurological deficit was seen after procedure.

Conclusions:
This study is emphasize that cannulation of innominate artery can be used in
safe and effective during aortic surgery.
The “Origins of The Origins”
Authors: Armon Adi ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2018

Unlike “Imperialism” and “Totalitarianism,” the last two chapters in Hannah Arendt’s The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951), written in the United States in the 1940s, the completion of the first chapter, “Antisemitism”, was preceded by more than two decades of writing in Europe and in the United States, during which Arendt found it increasingly necessary to address issues related to the Jews’ political and social situation. The chapter may be only one part of the book, but it is in fact the “origin of The Origins” and its cornerstone. In order to trace several themes of this seminal chapter, we must analyze the contribution of the French Jewish thinker, Bernard Lazare, to Arendt’s thinking. Without him, “Antisemitism” would never have coalesced and seen the light of day as a political analysis of the phenomenon. Without the “Antisemitism” chapter, The Origins of Totalitarianism would not have become a canonical work of twentieth-century political thought.
WROUGHT
Authors: Sigrithur Anna , Penner Joel
Published: October 2018

These still images and video are excerpts from the short film Wrought (2018). Wrought is a hybrid natural history/art film which uses innovative timelapse scanner videography to capture up-close and macroscopic views of rotting material. The subject matter in the film encapsulates the three categories of rot which we have chosen to explore for their significance to human notions of purity, morality, and society: to spoil, to ferment and to decompose.
Altered bone growth dynamics prefigure craniosynostosis in a zebrafish model of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome
Authors: Teng Camilla S , Ting Man-chun , Farmer D'Juan T , Brockop Mia , Maxson Robert E , Crump J Gage
Published: October 2018

Cranial sutures separate the skull bones and house stem cells for bone growth and repair. In Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, mutations in TCF12 or TWIST1 ablate a specific suture, the coronal. This suture forms at a neural-crest/mesoderm interface in mammals and a mesoderm/mesoderm interface in zebrafish. Despite this difference, we show that combinatorial loss of TCF12 and TWIST1 homologs in zebrafish also results in specific loss of the coronal suture. Sequential bone staining reveals an initial, directional acceleration of bone production in the mutant skull, with subsequent localized stalling of bone growth prefiguring coronal suture loss. Mouse genetics further reveal requirements for Twist1 and Tcf12 in both the frontal and parietal bones for suture patency, and to maintain putative progenitors in the coronal region. These findings reveal conservation of coronal suture formation despite evolutionary shifts in embryonic origins, and suggest that the coronal suture might be especially susceptible to imbalances in progenitor maintenance and osteoblast differentiation.
The glycosphingolipid MacCer promotes synaptic bouton formation in Drosophila by interacting with Wnt
Authors: Huang Yan , Huang Sheng , Di Scala Coralie , Wang Qifu , Wandall Hans H , Fantini Jacques , Zhang Yong Q
Published: October 2018

Lipids are structural components of cellular membranes and signaling molecules that are widely involved in development and diseases, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood, partly because of the vast variety of lipid species and complexity of synthetic and turnover pathways. From a genetic screen, we identify that mannosyl glucosylceramide (MacCer), a species of glycosphingolipid (GSL), promotes synaptic bouton formation at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Pharmacological and genetic analysis shows that the NMJ growth-promoting effect of MacCer depends on normal lipid rafts, which are known to be composed of sphingolipids, sterols and select proteins. MacCer positively regulates the synaptic level of Wnt1/Wingless (Wg) and facilitates presynaptic Wg signaling, whose activity is raft-dependent. Furthermore, a functional GSL-binding motif in Wg exhibiting a high affinity for MacCer is required for normal NMJ growth. These findings reveal a novel mechanism whereby the GSL MacCer promotes synaptic bouton formation via Wg signaling.
Inhibition enhances spatially-specific calcium encoding of synaptic input patterns in a biologically constrained model
Authors: Dorman Daniel B , Jędrzejewska-Szmek Joanna , Blackwell Kim T
Published: October 2018

Synaptic plasticity, which underlies learning and memory, depends on calcium elevation in neurons, but the precise relationship between calcium and spatiotemporal patterns of synaptic inputs is unclear. Here, we develop a biologically realistic computational model of striatal spiny projection neurons with sophisticated calcium dynamics, based on data from rodents of both sexes, to investigate how spatiotemporally clustered and distributed excitatory and inhibitory inputs affect spine calcium. We demonstrate that coordinated excitatory synaptic inputs evoke enhanced calcium elevation specific to stimulated spines, with lower but physiologically relevant calcium elevation in nearby non-stimulated spines. Results further show a novel and important function of inhibition—to enhance the difference in calcium between stimulated and non-stimulated spines. These findings suggest that spine calcium dynamics encode synaptic input patterns and may serve as a signal for both stimulus-specific potentiation and heterosynaptic depression, maintaining balanced activity in a dendritic branch while inducing pattern-specific plasticity.
Determination of the electrical axis of the heart
Authors: Stafford Michael R. , Stafford Donald G.
Published: October 2018

The rapid, accurate determination of the electrical axis of a patient's heart is very useful for diagnosis. This determination can be made readily by using six electrocardiographic leads. The procedure for interpreting the data from these leads and determining the electrical axis of. the heart is charted. This method uses key leads I and a VF to determine the quadrant where the axis is located and secondary leads II, III, a VR, and a VL to find the axial position within the quadrant. When either I or a VF is isoelectric, only one key lead is used.
Correlative imaging of pelvic soft tissue sarcomas in children
Authors: Finkelstein Mark S. , Sherman Nancy H. , Rosenberg Henrietta Kotlus , Mahboubi Soroosh , Raney P. Beverly
Published: October 2018

The authors retrospectively reviewed 15 cases of pelvic soft tissue sarcoma treated at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia during a recent 6-year period. These patients were treated before the availability of magnetic resonance imaging. The authors compared ultrasonography, computed tomography, and excretory urography/voiding cystourethrography for establishing the diagnosis and following the progression/regression of the disease. Results were correlated with clinical, surgical, and pathologic findings. Although computed tomography and ultrasonography were both capable of characterizing the size and texture of the lesion, computed tomography was superior in defining disease arising from the pelvic sidewall. Both techniques effectively identified residual mass at the tumor site, but neither could differentiate active tumor from inactive tumor, posttherapy inflammation, or fibrosis. Excretory urography/voiding cystourethrography provided no information that could not be gleaned from either ultrasonography or computed tomography.
Demonstration of Helicobacter pylori in tracheal secretions
Authors: Mitz Howard S. , Farber Steven S.
Published: October 2018

A new gram-negative bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, has been found in gastric secretions. In view of an almost 9% incidence of unidentified gram-negative bacteria in aspiration pneumonia, the authors set out to prove thatH pylori could be found in tracheal secretions. Eighteen sequential patients admitted to the intensive care unit who had endotracheal or nasogastric intubation for 24 hours or longer were studied. Of 20 sets of specimens from 18 patients, Helicobacter was recovered from 2 (10%) of the endotracheal specimens. The authors conclude that H pylori can gain access to the endobronchial tree and therefore may contribute to the origin of pneumonia due to unidentified gram-negative bacteria.
Delayed splenic rupture: An unusual cause of the acute surgical abdomen
Authors: Spencer David D. , Ragland Jerry J.
Published: October 2018

The diagnosis of delayed rupture of the spleen may be difficult to make because of the presumed triviality of the precipitating injury, an unpredictable time lag between the injury and the development of symptoms, and the possibility of atypical signs and symptoms remote from the bleeding spleen. The clinician may confuse the signs and symptoms with those of acute appendicitis or with some other cause. The authors present two case histories to illustrate the diagnostic difficulties caused by delayed rupture of the spleen. Whenever the acute surgical abdomen is present with concomitant anemia, the diagnosis of delayed rupture of the spleen should be considered.
Nephrology/hypertension/fluid and electrolyte disorders
Authors: Slick Gary L.
Published: October 2018

The following annotated bibliography has been developed for the purpose of providing to primary care physicians a handy source of review articles and major studies in the field of nephrology, hypertension, and fluid and electrolyte disorders. Almost all of the articles are review articles of clinical topics that would be of interest to the practicing physician. JAOA will be publishing additional annotated bibliographies in various fields of internal medicine over the next several months. This is the second in the series. Part 1 appeared in the January 1993 issue (93:50-65). Others will appear in forthcoming issues of THE JOURNAL.
Thoracic outlet syndrome-a myofascial variant: Part 3. Structural and postural considerations
Authors: Sucher Benjamin M. , Health Deborah M.
Published: October 2018

Thoracic outlet syndrome involves more than just local neurovascular compression. Myofascial release treatments and stretching exercises may be only partially or temporarily successful unless all related components of somatic dysfunction, including craniosacral mechanisms, are addressed. Structural and postural abnormalities in the frontal plane, as with a short leg, and in the sagittal plane, such as lumbopelvic imbalances, as well as neural involvement all contribute to thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms. Once segmental restrictions are treated and symptoms diminish, postural correction and strengthening exercises may be initiated. Osteopathic diagnosis and treatment of the local, regional, and remote structural problems is necessary for optimal treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome and the maintenance of a symptom-free status.
Flow cytometric determination of ploidy in prostatic adenocarcinoma and its relation to clinical outcome
Authors: Blatstein Lee M. , Ginsberg Philip C. , Daskal Ierachmiel , Finkelstein Leonard H.
Published: October 2018

Flow cytometry was used to measure the DNA content in paraffin-embedded archival specimens of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The specimens were from 49 patients who were found to have adenocarcinoma of the prostate at the time of transurethral resection of the prostate for bladder outlet obstruction. At initial presentation, 34 of these patients had clinically localized disease and 15 had metastatic disease. The authors studied the relationship of DNA ploidy to clinical stage, histologic grade, disease progression, and duration of survival. Their results indicate that regardless of the clinical stage at presentation, the mean time to disease progression is longer in a patient with a DNA diploid tumor when compared with that in a patient with a DNA aneuploid tumor (18.1 months vs 6.5 months, respectively). Additionally, mean time of survival was longer in a patient with a diploid tumor than in a patient with an aneuploid tumor (31.6 months vs 9.6 months, respectively).
Arranging affiliation agreements and outside rotations
Authors: Willard Ralph L.
Published: October 2018

Affiliation agreements are necessary when a sponsoring institution makes arrangements for all or part of the education elements of an internship or residency program to be delivered at another hospital. The sponsoring institution may be a college of osteopathic medicine or an osteopathic hospital. Some basic considerations, which are outlined herein, should be reviewed when the sponsoring institution enters such agreements. Some of these considerations are requirements of the American Osteopathic Association, while others are necessary to avoid later complications. Agreement should be reached on negotiable factors, accepted by both institutions, and then referred for legal review by appropriate authorities.
Cortical blindness and seizures possibly related to cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin treatment of ovarian dysgerminoma
Authors: Young Donald C. , Mitchell Albert , Kessler John , Christman James Eric
Published: October 2018

Ovarian dysgerminoma is the most common ovarian malignancy in young women. Conservative treatment is indicated in the reproductive-age woman who wishes to preserve childbearing capacity. This case report describes a patient with ovarian dysgerminoma who underwent chemotherapy with a cisplatinvinblastine-bleomycin regimen that resulted in serious toxic complications-including cortical blindness and seizures that were transient in nature. Although current chemotherapy regimens have dramatically improved the overall survival of women with germ-cell tumors, there are toxic complications such as those demonstrated in this report, and toxicity must be balanced against presumed benefit.
Treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: An update
Authors: Young James W.
Published: October 2018

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a malignancy of T cells that have an affinity for the skin. Prognosis and treatment depend on accurate staging using the TNM system. Treatment for stage I disease, which includes oral methoxsalen plus ultraviolet radiation (with or without retinoids), nitrogen mustard, total skin electron beam, and photopheresis, is generally helpful. Therapy for stage II, III, or IV disease is not as successful. Extracorporeal photopheresis is an exciting new treatment that perhaps offers help for certain cases of advanced disease. Despite current modes of treatment, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma frequently results in death.
Research secures the future of osteopathic medicine: Part 1. Research-foundation for faculty development, institutional recognition
Authors: Papa Frank J.
Published: October 2018

The first of a two-part feature examining the role of research in securing the future of osteopathic medicine, this article describes the historical development of research, specifically how it has come to symbolize valued intellectual and institutional markers in society. Administrators of colleges of osteopathic medicine are called on to increasingly support research-related activities to fully develop the intellectual potential of their faculty. Only through faculty development can osteopathic medical training institutions achieve their fullest potential and thereby secure a stable future for the profession.
Plasma concentrations of glutamate and its metabolites in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Schwartz Frederic N. , Miulli Dan E. , Norwell Doris Y.
Published: October 2018

Neurologic and psychologic tests without brain tissue biopsy do not establish the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. This pilot study demonstrates significant increases in the activity of plasma glutamate dehydrogenase and the plasma concentrations of aspartate, glutamate, and a-ketoglutarate in nursing home residents with previously diagnosed Alzheimer's disease when compared with that in other nursing home residents without Aldzheimer's disease who had no complicating conditions. Plasma concentrations of -y-aminobutyric acid, glutamine, and activities of plasma glutamate decarboxylase, glutaminase, and glutamine synthetase were not significantly different in the two groups. A discriminant analysis number, based on the four significantly different compounds, is obtained that may be used as the basis for an inexpensive, noninvasive, and accurate screening test for Alzheimer's disease.
Diagnosis and management of asthma: A brief review of two asthma expert panel reports
Authors: D’Alonzo Gilbert E. , Krachman Samuel L.
Published: October 2018

During the past decade, asthma morbidity and mortality have increased noticeably. Although the reasons for the increase are not clear, the prevalence of asthma has been reported to be increasing not only in the United States but also in other countries throughout the world, including the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia. Asthma mortality rates and morbidity trends are increasing despite what appears to be major scientific advances in our understanding of asthma and in the face of a multitude of new therapeutic modalities. This article presents a brief overview of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of asthma, and highlights the major management recommendations of two expert panel reports.
Unexpected adverse effects of Freon 11 and Freon 12 as medication propellants
Authors: Oenbrink Raymond J.
Published: October 2018

Metered-dose inhalers are frequently used in treating pulmonary diseases associated with bronchoconstriction, chiefly asthma and chronic bronchitis. These aerosolized medications are not without the potential for adverse effects. The author describes two patients who likely had adverse reactions to the Freon propellants used in the inhalers. These reactions are reported in order to alert physicians to their possible occurrence and to suggest a rational treatment approach.
Tennis elbow: A biomechanical and therapeutic approach
Authors: Steiner Charles , Schnatz Peter
Published: October 2018

Lateral epicondylitis, one of the most common lesions of the arm, affects some 50% of tennis players. This condition poses a problem in clinical management because treatment is dependent not only on proper medical therapy but also on correction of the improper on-court biomechanics. The most common flaw is a late contact on the backhand groundstroke, forcing the player to extend the wrist with the extensor muscles. This action predisposes to trauma of the tendon fibers at the lateral epicondyle. Understanding the biomechanics will better prepare the physician to advise the patient and to communicate with a tennis teaching professional to facilitate long-term relief.
Comparison of thoracic manipulation with incentive spirometry in preventing postoperative atelectasis
Authors: Kelso Albert F. , Sleszynski Sandra L.
Published: October 2018

Atelectasis is a preventable complication that often occurs after upper abdominal surgery. In our I-year randomized, researcher-blinded trial, low-risk cholecystectomy patients were subjected to either the thoracic lymphatic pump (n=21) or incentive spirometry (n=21) to prevent atelectasis. The treatment groups were equal with respect to risk factors for atelectasis and deviation of preoperative respiratory parameters (forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory volume in one second [FEVI ]) from the predicted values. Atelectasis occurred in 2 (5%) of 21 patients regardless of whether incentive spirometry or thoracic lymphatic pump treatment was used. Study patients treated with the thoracic lymphatic pump technique had an earlier recovery and quicker return toward preoperative values for FVC and FEVI than patients treated with incentive spirometry.
Software Curation in Research Libraries: Practice and Promise
Authors: Chassanoff Alexandra , AlNoamany Yasmin , Thornton Katherine , Borghi John
Published: October 2018

INTRODUCTION Research software plays an increasingly vital role in the scholarly record. Academic research libraries are in the early stages of exploring strategies for curating and preserving research software, aiming to facilitate support and services for long-term access and use. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM In 2016, the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR) began offering postdoctoral fellowships in software curation. Four institutions hosted the initial cohort of software curation fellows. This article describes the work activities and research program of the cohort, highlighting the challenges and benefits of doing this exploratory work in research libraries. NEXT STEPS Academic research libraries are poised to play an important role in research and development around robust services for software curation. The next cohort of CLIR fellows is set to begin in fall 2018 and will likely shape and contribute substantially to an emergent research agenda.
Investigating leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) on the west coast islands of Sabah via checklist-taking and DNA barcoding
Authors: Yeong Kam-Cheng , Takizawa Haruo , Liew Thor-Seng
Published: October 2018

Sabah is a province of Malaysia located on the northern part of the island of Borneo. Most of the leaf beetle fauna studies from this region conducted over the past 15 years have focussed on the mainland habitats while the leaf beetle fauna from island habitats (ca. 500 islands) have largely been overlooked. This study looks into the leaf beetle fauna of 13 small satellite islands off the west coast of Sabah. All specimens were first sorted into morpho-species operational taxonomic unit (OTU) before being identified to species rank where possible based on morphological characters and species names assigned when the specimens fitted the description of species in the literature. We collected 75 OTUs from 35 genera and five subfamilies according to morphology, 12 of which were identifiable to species level. In addition, the DNA barcode for each OTU was cross checked with records in GenBank and Barcoding of Life Data system (BOLD) to verify their identity. The number of species recorded was reduced from 12 species and 63 OTUs (total 75 OTUs) to 12 species and 56 OTUs (total 68 OTUs) after removal of the colour polymorphic species based on DNA barcode analyses. Pulau Gaya has the highest species richness and Pulau Sulug has the lowest species richness. A total of 64 Barcode Index Numbers consisting of 101 DNA barcodes were obtained from the 12 leaf beetle species and 48 OTUs. Based on the DNA barcode analyses, it was possible to confirm several polymorphic OTUs and cryptic species. The mean intraspecific and interspecific genetic divergence were determined as 0.77% and 16.11%, respectively. DNA barcodes of this study show a low similarity with records in GenBank and BOLD, highlighting the lack of representation and the urgency of studying leaf beetles from this region. The study provides the first documentation of leaf beetle fauna from island habitats of Sabah and the first DNA barcoding data for leaf beetles from this part of the world, with the next steps being larger scale sampling over a wider geographical scale for a better understanding of tropical arthropod diversity.
Pathophysiological basis of low contrast visual acuity loss in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Triplett James D. , Yiannikas Con , Barnett Michael H. , Parratt John , Barton Joshua , Graham Stuart L. , You Yuyi , Klistorner Alexander
Published: October 2018

Objective

There is currently an urgent need for reliable clinical biomarkers of remyelination to be used in Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials. Low contrast visual acuity (LCVA) has been suggested as a functional measure of the integrity of the visual pathway. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the potential contribution of axonal loss and demyelination toLCVAloss inMSpatients.

Method

In this study, 50 consecutive relapsing remittingMSpatients with a previous history of unilateral optic neuritis were enrolled. Using the linear regression model, we assessed the relative contribution of multifocal Visual Evoked Potentials (mfVEP) latency and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness toLCVAdeficit.

Results

Intereye asymmetry of mfVEPlatency andRNFLthickness correlated significantly with intereye asymmetry ofLCVA(P < 0.001). A linear regression model demonstrated increased predictive power ofLCVAwhen mfVEPlatency andRNFLthinning were combined (reachingR2 = 0.67) and confirmed a higher predictive value ofRNFLthinning compared to mfVEPlatency delay for both contrast levels. However, elimination of subjects with severe axonal loss dramatically increased the relative contribution of mfVEPlatency, with contribution ofRNFLthickness losing significance for both 1.25% and 2.5%LCVA.

Interpretation

While retinal ganglion cell axonal loss is a superior predictor ofLCVA, the degree of demyelination contributes significantly to worsening ofLCVA, particularly when patients with severe axonal loss are excluded. These results support the feasibility of usingLCVAas a functional biomarker in remyelination therapy trials, providing appropriate patient's selection criteria are implemented.
PI4K2A deficiency in an intellectual disability, epilepsy, myoclonus, akathisia syndrome
Authors: Alkhater Reem A. , Scherer Stephen W. , Minassian Berge A. , Walker Susan
Published: October 2018

We report a family of Saudi Arabian ancestry with two children presenting with global developmental delay, dystonia, disturbed sleep, and heat intolerance. By genome sequencing, we identified a nonsense variant in the first exon of PI4K2A that was homozygous in both affected individuals and was absent from, or heterozygous in, seven unaffected siblings. PI4K2A is highly expressed in the brain and a mouse model displays a neurological phenotype, implicating PI4K2A as a new disease gene for a neurological disorder.
Programmable Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy against Breast Cancer Guided by Multiplexed Fluorescence Imaging in the Second Near‐Infrared Window
Authors: Hao Xiaoxia , Li Chunyan , Zhang Yejun , Wang Haozhi , Chen Guangcun , Wang Mao , Wang Qiangbin
Published: October 2018

Combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy have demonstrated great potential in cancer treatment. However, it is difficult to provide clear information of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chemodrugs and transplanted immune cells in vivo by traditional approaches, resulting in inadequate therapy. Here, a multiplexed intravital imaging strategy by using fluorescence in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) is first developed to visualize the two events of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in vivo, so that a combinational administration is programed to improve the therapeutical effects against a mouse model of human breast cancer. In detail, Ag2Se quantum dots (QDs) (λEm = 1350 nm) loaded with stromal‐cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) and chemodrug doxorubicin (DOX) are first administrated to deliver the SDF‐1α and DOX to the tumor site. After their arrival, monitored by Ag2Se QD fluorescence, natural killer (NK)‐92 cells labeled with Ag2S QDs (λEm = 1050 nm) are intravenously injected so that the cells are recruited to the tumor by the chemotaxis of SDF‐1α, which is visualized by Ag2S QD fluorescence. Such an imaging approach allows simultaneous evaluation of the behaviors of individual injections in vivo, and facilitates optimized administration regimens, resulting in enhanced tumor inhibition.
Wavelength‐Gradient Graphene Films for Pressure‐Sensitive Sensors
Authors: Wang Mingti , Qiu Yuanyou , Jia Jin , Wang Chengzhong , Deng Jianping , Pan Kai
Published: October 2018

Graphene, because of its prominent mechanical strength, high electric and thermal conductivity, high carrier mobility and stability, is considered as a candidate material for fabricating pressure‐sensitive electronic skins. Here, the piezoresistance pressure sensors using wavelength‐gradient graphene films are developed. In addition, the wavelength‐gradient graphene film possesses a wavy structure and a gradient structure simultaneously. The prepared sensors can exhibit different current change on the different areas under the equal applied pressures due to the effects of gradient structure. Meanwhile, other intriguing pressure‐sensing properties of the sensors are also demonstrated, especially a high sensitivity and promising potential as wearable devices.
NIR to Visible Light Upconversion Devices Comprising an NIR Charge Generation Layer and a Perovskite Emitter
Authors: Li Ning , Lau Ying Suet , Xiao Zuo , Ding Liming , Zhu Furong
Published: October 2018

Near‐infrared (NIR) to visible light upconversion is of significant importance in many applications, including thermal imaging, bioimaging, night vision, and wellness monitoring. Here, the effort to develop a high‐performing NIR to saturated green light upconversion device comprising a front solution‐processable organic bulk heterojunction NIR charge generation layer (CGL) and an upper CsPbBr3 perovskite light‐emitting diode (LED) unit is reported. The NIR CGL, based on a blend of the NIR‐sensitive donor polymer and a nonfullerene acceptor, enables an efficient hole injection in the CsPbBr3 LED in the presence of the NIR light and also serves as an optical outcoupling layer to enhance the visible light emission by the CsPbBr3 LED. The CsPbBr3‐based perovskite LED has a narrow emission spectrum with a peak wavelength of 520 nm, corresponding to the wavelengths near the peak response of the human eye, and has the advantage in imaging applications. Based on the upconversion process, a pixel‐less NIR to visible light imaging device is demonstrated, which can be operated at a low voltage of 3 V. The results are very encouraging, revealing a high‐performing solution‐processable upconversion device for application in NIR light imaging.
Rehmannia glutinosa exhibits anti‐aging effect through maintaining the quiescence and decreasing the senescence of hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Bai Lin , Shi Gui‐ying , Yang Ya‐jun , Chen Wei , Zhang Lian‐feng , Qin Chuan
Published: October 2018

Background

The time‐related decline in regenerative capacity and organ homeostasis is a major feature of aging. Rehmannia glutinosa and Astragalus membranaceus have been used as traditional Chinese herbal medicines for enhanced immunity and prolonged life. However, the mechanism by which this herbal medicine slows aging is unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the herbal anti‐aging effect.

Methods

Mice were fed diets supplemented with R. glutinosa or A. membranaceus for 10 months; the control group was fed a standard diet. The phenotypes were evaluated using a grading score system and survival analysis. The percentages of the senescence phenotypes of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were determined by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis. The function and the mechanism of HSCs were analyzed by clonogenic assay and the real‐time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The anti‐aging effect of R. glutinosa is due to the enhanced function of HSCs. Mice fed with R. glutinosa displayed characteristics of a slowed aging process, including decreased senescence and increased rate of survival. Flow cytometry analysis showed decreased numbers of Lin–Sca1+c‐kit– (LSK) cells, long‐term HSCs (LT‐HSCs) and short‐term HSCs (ST‐HSCs) in the R. glutinosa group. In vitro, clonogenic assays showed increased self‐renewal ability of LT‐HSCs from the R. glutinosa group as well as maintaining LSK quiescence through upregulated p18 expression. The R. glutinosa group also showed decreased reactive oxygen species levels and the percentage of β‐gal+ cells through downregulation of the cellular senescence‐associated protein p53 and p16.

Conclusion

Rehmannia glutinosa exerts anti‐aging effects by maintaining the quiescence and decreasing the senescence of HSCs.
Mapping novel genetic loci associated with female liver weight variations using Collaborative Cross mice
Authors: Abu‐Toamih Atamni Hanifa J. , Botzman Maya , Mott Richard , Gat‐Viks Irit , Iraqi Fuad A.
Published: October 2018

Background

Liver weight is a complex trait, controlled by polygenic factors and differs within populations. Dissecting the genetic architecture underlying these variations will facilitate the search for key role candidate genes involved directly in the hepatomegaly process and indirectly involved in related diseases etiology.

Methods

Liver weight of 506 mice generated from 39 different Collaborative Cross (CC) lines with both sexes at age 20 weeks old was determined using an electronic balance. Genomic DNA of the CC lines was genotyped with high‐density single nucleotide polymorphic markers.

Results

Statistical analysis revealed a significant (P < 0.05) variation of liver weight between the CC lines, with broad sense heritability (H2) of 0.32 and genetic coefficient of variation (CVG) of 0.28. Subsequently, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed, and results showed a significant QTL only for females on chromosome 8 at genomic interval 88.61‐93.38 Mb (4.77 Mb). Three suggestive QTL were mapped at chromosomes 4, 12 and 13. The four QTL were designated as LWL1‐LWL4 referring to liver weight loci 1‐4 on chromosomes 8, 4, 12 and 13, respectively.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this report presents, for the first time, the utilization of the CC for mapping QTL associated with baseline liver weight in mice. Our findings demonstrate that liver weight is a complex trait controlled by multiple genetic factors that differ significantly between sexes.
Einflussparameter auf die Spaltrissbildung in Textilbeton
Authors: Preinstorfer Philipp , Kromoser Benjamin , Kollegger Johann
Published: October 2018

Textilbewehrung ist ein innovativer Werkstoff, der es ermöglicht, leichte, filigrane Bauwerke auch im Betonbau umzusetzen. Der Werkstoff besteht aus Multifilamentrovingen, die nach heutigem Stand der Technik mit einer Tränkung aus Reaktionsharzen oder wässrigen Dispersionen versehen werden, um die Verbundeigenschaften zu verbessern. Untersuchungen, die am Institut für Tragkonstruktionen der TU Wien durchgeführt wurden, haben gezeigt, dass bei hohen Beanspruchungen vor allem epoxidharzgetränkte Textilien zum Abspalten der Betondeckung neigen. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden weiterführende Untersuchungen vorgenommen. In dieser Veröffentlichung wird versucht, die unterschiedlichen Einflussparameter auf eine beginnende Spaltrissbildung zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren. Dazu sind Verbunduntersuchungen an Rovingen durchgeführt worden, an denen die einzelnen Einflussparameter separiert wurden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass vor allem die Querschnittsgeometrie und die Längsform der Rovinge eine entscheidende Rolle auf das Verbundverhalten und die Entstehung von Spaltrissen hat, wohingegen der Knotenwiderstand von untergeordneter Bedeutung ist. Aufbauend auf diesen Untersuchungen können Überlegungen zur Modifizierung von bisher am Markt erhältlichen Textilien vorgenommen werden, um eine Neigung zur Spaltrissbildung zu verringern.
Yeast Surface Display in Combination with Fluorescence‐activated Cell Sorting Enables the Rapid Isolation of Antibody Fragments Derived from Immunized Chickens
Authors: Grzeschik Julius , Yanakieva Desislava , Roth Lukas , Krah Simon , Hinz Steffen C. , Elter Adrian , Zollmann Tina , Schwall Gerhard , Zielonka Stefan , Kolmar Harald
Published: October 2018

Yeast surface display emerged as a viable tool for the generation of human and murine monoclonal antibodies. This platform technology enables the careful definition of selection conditions, the potential for high‐throughput screening, as well as the isolation of antibodies recognizing predefined epitopes. In this study, the applicability of yeast surface display in combination with fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) for the isolation of antigen‐specific chicken‐derived antibodies is demonstrated. To this end, yeast‐displayed recombinant antibody libraries from splenic mRNA of chickens immunized with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were constructed as single chain variable fragments (scFv) by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction. A large number of antigen binding scFvs were readily isolated in a convenient screening process. Target‐specific scFv‐Fc molecules were produced as soluble proteins and more extensively characterized by confirming specificity, thermostability and high affinity. Essentially, we demonstrated the biotechnological applicability of binders directed against both antigens via specific cellular binding for EGFR and in the context of a lateral flow test by utilizing hCG‐binding scFvs as capturing antibodies for pregnancy detection. Altogether, the described strategy using yeast surface display expands the repertoire of display methods for the isolation of antibodies resulting from chicken immunization campaigns.
Three‐Dimensional N‐doped Porous Carbon Derived from Monosodium Glutamate for Capacitive Deionization and the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Sun Na , Zhang Xian , Zhao Cuijiao , Wang Haojie , Lu Haisheng , Kang Shenghong , Zhou Hongjian , Zhang Haimin , Zhao Huijun , Wang Guozhong
Published: October 2018

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising desalination technology and its development is highly dependent on the electrode materials. Here, a three‐dimensional N‐doped porous carbon (3D‐NPC) was fabricated for use as a CDI electrode material through the one‐step carbonization process with C5H8NO4Na as the carbon and nitrogen source and NaCl as a template. Benefiting from high‐level N doping (4.93 at %) and a high surface area of 1481 m2 g−1 with an interconnected hierarchical porous structure propitious to the ion and electron transportation, the 3D‐NPC exhibited an excellent desalination capacity in CDI. It was also very impressive that 3D‐NPC was used as an electrode material for a Zn‐air battery, displaying outstanding catalytic performance with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.34 V. Furthermore, the Zn−air battery can drive the operation of a CDI device, showing a high salt adsorption capacity of 19.4 mg g−1 and good applicable stability. The findings in this work will pave a way to develop energy‐integrated capacitive deionization technology.
Low‐energy reverse osmosis membrane with high boron rejection by surface modification with a polysaccharide
Authors: Raval Hiren , Sundarkumar Varun
Published: October 2018

The present paper aims at producing a high‐performance low‐energy reverse osmosis membrane by modifying the polyamide layer with potassium persulphate, chitosan, and methacrylic acid and sodium hypochlorite treatment. A supramolecular assembly of chitosan was made on the polyamide layer with methacrylic acid to increase the permeate flux. The concentrations of chitosan and methacrylic acid were varied to investigate the best combination of treatment to achieve superior performance. The membrane treated with 1000 mg/L chitosan and 4 % methacrylic acid showed permeate water‐flux 3.2 times that of virgin TFC RO membrane with a ∼2 % decline in salt rejection and a boron rejection of 97.45 % at pH 10. This membrane demonstrated energy saving of 68.78 % as compared to virgin thin film composite reverse osmosis membrane. Membranes were tested for hydrophilicity by contact angle analysis, surface charge by zeta potential analysis, morphology evaluation by scanning electron microscope, surface features by atomic force microscope, and chemical structural changes by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy. Significant enhancement in membrane performance was observed by surface modification to achieve ultra‐low energy reverse osmosis process development.
Longevity and sexual maturity vary across species with number of cortical neurons, and humans are no exception
Authors: Herculano‐Houzel Suzana
Published: October 2018

Maximal longevity of endotherms has long been considered to increase with decreasing specific metabolic rate, and thus with increasing body mass. Using a dataset of over 700 species, here I show that maximal longevity, age at sexual maturity, and postmaturity longevity across bird and mammalian species instead correlate primarily, and universally, with the number of cortical brain neurons. Correlations with metabolic rate and body mass are entirely explained by clade‐specific relationships between these variables and numbers of cortical neurons across species. Importantly, humans reach sexual maturity and subsequently live just as long as expected for their number of cortical neurons, which eliminates the basis for earlier theories of protracted childhood and prolonged post‐menopause longevity as derived human characteristics. Longevity might increase together with numbers of cortical neurons through their impact on three main factors: delay of sexual maturity, which postpones the onset of aging; lengthening of the period of viable physiological integration and adaptation, which increases postmaturity longevity; and improved cognitive capabilities that benefit survival of the self and of longer‐lived progeny, and are conducive to prolonged learning and cultural transmission through increased generational overlap. Importantly, the findings indicate that theories of aging and neurodegenerative diseases should take absolute time lived besides relative “age” into consideration.