bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies in the Utilization and Management of Resources among a Group of Mandaya’s in Davao Oriental
Authors: Ortiz Gladys Florangel
Published: May 2023

The study examined the changes, if any, in the strategies employed by a group of Mandaya’s in Calapagan, Lupon, and in Sitio Taganilao, Tamisan, Mati - both in Davao Oriental - in upland farming and in resource utilization and management years after their integration into the mainstream of Philippine society. It also aimed to find out if this group continued their ancestors' practice of using the areas' plants with curative effects or medicinal value in light of advances in the field of medicine. Findings suggest that, like other Philippine indigenous groups, this group of Mandaya’s has been affected by its contact with lowlanders. The depletion in the quantity of the products regularly churned out by the forests, the seas, and the rivers due to man's exploitation of the earth's natural resources has changed them from being self-reliant to dependent consumers of the goods produced by the market economy. Their age-old farming practice, though, survives to some degree; a change is evident in that they are now given the opportunity to participate in the protection and conservation of the forests through the integrated social forestry project. Plants identified as having curative or medicinal value are still widely used by the members of the group.
Distribution and Development of the Wasp, Microgaster manilae (Ashmead) [Hymenoptera: Braconidael, in the Cutworm, Spodoptera litura(F.)
Authors: Torreno Herminigildo
Published: May 2023

Laboratory tests and field observation/collection were done in Ilocos Norte in 1990-91 to determine the developmental periods and occurrence of the parasitic wasp, Microgaster manilae (Ashmead). The latter was also determined in Northern Samar (1994) and Davao Oriental (1996) to have an insight of the Braconid's distribution. The parasitoid had a higher success of development in, and/or preference for the second instar cutworm larva. Its egglarval development ranged from 7 to 13 days with a mean of 8 and 13 days in the first and second instars, respectively. Pupal period was completed in days with the adult emerging usually in the morning. The occurrence of the Braconid in the north, central and southern part of the Philippines suggests its relatively wide distribution.
Effectiveness of Training Methodologies on Mango Postharvest Technologies among Mango Growers in San Isidro, Davao Oriental
Authors: Alzate Jessie , Bordios Emma
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to find out the effectiveness of training methodologies on mango postharvest technologies among 70 mango growers in San Isidro, Davao Oriental. The 70-mango grower-respondents were exposed to trainings on mango postharvest management technologies jointly conducted by the Southern Davao Development Corporation (SODACO) and the Department of Agriculture (DA). Five methods of training such as lecture, demonstration, guided tours, seminar and workshop were used. Demonstration was the most effective method followed by lecture and guided tour. The respondents claimed that these methods were the most effective since they gave real firsthand experience. Problems encountered during the training include the lack of patience in sharing skill by the trainers. lack of management skills of the facilitators, and poorly ventilated and poorly lighted training venues. More than 50% of the respondents either belong to moderate or high level of postharvest management knowledge after the conduct of training. On the average, the respondents had a moderate knowledge level on postharvest technologies. Results of the Z and t tests showed that those who belonged to the 36-45 age bracket had higher knowledge level on the technologies over those who belonged to the 26-33 age bracket. However, the knowledge levels between the age brackets 46-55 and 56-65 did not vary. Other socio-demographic characteristics included in the analysis like tribe. occupation, marital status, sex and religion did not affect the respondents' knowledge of postharvest technologies.
Effectiveness of Self-Learning Instructional Material (Slim) in Elementary Statistics
Authors: Pajo Leonila
Published: May 2023

This study was conducted during the first semester of SY  1994-1995 at the Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology, Mati, Davao Oriental to provide empirical facts on the effectiveness of Self-Learning Instructional Material (SLIM) in teaching Elementary Statistics to second year college students. A modified non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design was used. Data was analyzed by means of ANOVA, ANACOVA, LSD and UL Index method for item analysis.  Three methods of teaching namely: TSI-A (teaching using Traditional System of Instruction) which served as -the control, SLIM-B (teaching using SLIM plus faculty supervision) and SLIM-C (teaching using SLIM). Findings showed that SLIM-B was the most effective method of teaching Elementary Statistics thus confirming that the teacher factor still play a very important role in the learning process of students.
Denumerability of the Algebraic Numbers
Authors: Bauyot Marleonie
Published: May 2023

An algebraic number is a real number that is a root of a polynomial equation anXn + an-1Xn-1…+a0 where ai are integers. In this paper, using the fact that a polynomial equation of degree n has at most n roots, together with some results, the denumerability of the algebraic numbers is proven.
Bayok of the Mandaya as a Tool for Disseminating Messages on El Niño Phenomenon
Authors: Dalagan Roland , Hadia Carmela , Bayacag Jerry
Published: May 2023

Bayok is one of the traditional medium of communication that still exists and is used by the Mandaya’s of Davao Oriental. It is a communication tool to settle disputes, to formally declare one's intention to marry, to relate significant events and experiences, and to express one's happiness for good fortune. To a great extent, Bayok communicated El Niño and its disastrous effects in the region. The Mandaya’s belong to a group of indigenous people mostly living in the hinterlands of Davao Oriental in Region XI.  Their population is estimated at 300,000—roughly 68% of the total population in the eleven municipalities of Davao Oriental. This project was conducted to determine the potential of Bayok, a Mandaya folk media as a tool to disseminate information. The initial phase of the project was a contest, held on June 17, 1998 at the Audio-visual Room, DOSCST, Mati, Davao Oriental. One hundred twelve (112) individuals consisting of students, faculty and some
Perencanaan Jembatan Rangka Baja Tipe Parker Bentang 78 Meter Menggunakan SNI 1725-2016 Dan SNI 1729-2020
Authors: Ridwan Muhammad , Umroniah Lailatul
Published: May 2023

Jembatan merupakan fasilitas penghubung suatu wilayah yang berfungsi untuk fasilitas penunjang ekonomi wilayah tersebut. Jembatan memiliki fungsi krusial disuatu wilayah untuk melakukan aktifitas dan pekerjaan sehari-hari seperti, perdagangan, sosial, politik & lain sebagainya. Melalui Tugas Akhir ini penulis mencoba untuk merencanakan konstruksi jembatan dengan bentang 78 meter menggunakan struktur jembatan Rangka Baja dengan tipe Parker. Adapun latar belakang pemilihan tipe jembatan Rangka Baja Parker ini yaitu sebagai lain bagi konstruksi jembatan rangka baja yang sudah ada  pada umumnya karena jembatan jenis ini memiliki nilai estetika yang lebih indah. Peraturan Pembebanan yang digunakan dalam perencanaan jembatan ini menggunakan pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 1725 – 2016, untuk Struktur Baja mengacu pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 1729 -2020, dan untuk Pembebanan Gempa mengacu pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 2833 – 2016. Peraturan dimaksudkan untuk memberikan Acuan dalam perencanaan jembatan di Indonesia yang dapat menjamin tingkat keamanan yang dapat diterima struktur jembatan.  Dari hasil analisa SAP2000 diperoleh struktur bangunan atas jembatan. Pada Gelagar Induk Jembatan menggunakan profil WF 500x500x19x32, Gelagar Melintang Jembatan menggunakan Profil WF 800x400x12x28, Gelagar Memanjang Jembatan menggunakan Profil WF 500x250x10x16, Ikatan Angin Atas Jembatan menggunakan Profil WF 400x200x8x13, Ikatan Angin Atas Jembatan menggunakan Profil PIP Ø 16 cm, Ikatan Angin Bawah Jembatan menggunakan Profil L 200x200x20x20).
Development of an augmented reality simulator for a robotic system used in single incision laparoscopic surgery
Authors:   CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, VAIDA CALIN , RUS GABRIELA ,   CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, GHERMAN BOGDAN ,   CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, PUSCA ALEXANDRU ,   CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, TUCAN PAUL ,   CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, ULINICI IONUT ,   CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, PISLA DOINA ,   CESTER, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: May 2023

Augmented Reality (AR) became a very useful tool for various domains, with multiple applications in different medical fields, where this technology is integrated in medical training, image-based diagnosis, simulation of medical tasks, or in guiding systems for surgical procedures. The introduction of AR technology in robotic assisted surgery is relatively new and challenging considering the required precision for this type of medical task. The objective of this study is to develop an AR simulator for robotic assisted Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS) where the robot performing the procedure is embedded in a virtual environment, providing both an interactive training and a simulation environment. The architecture and particularities of the proposed robot for SILS are analyzed for a better understanding of the structure, to obtain the validation of the kinematic model. The final result is represented in the form of an application which can be operated with Hololens 2 device.
Tailoring of functionally graded spheres using a uniform stress condition
Authors:   Department of Strength of Materials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 313, Bucharest 060042, Romania, SOROHAN STEFAN , CONSTANTINESCU DAN MIHAI ,   Department of Strength of Materials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 313, Bucharest 060042, Romania
Published: May 2023

Homogeneous and isotropic thick spheres loaded with constant internal and/or external pressures can not be economically designed because the maximum equivalent stress is a local value. It was analytically demonstrated that, by neglecting the body loads, a functionally graded material (FGM) may be characterized in linear static analyses by two material constants: Young's modulus E(r) and Poisson's ratio ν(r). If these two functions are both known, the solution of the problem, displacement and stress distributions may be relatively easy obtained. For the inverse problem, in which a desired stress combination distribution is imposed, finding of E(r) and ν(r) is more difficult, if such a solution exists. More than that, if the solution exists, it is not unique, because two unknown functions are involved. For ν(r) = const., analytical solutions are available for E(r), but only for two particular stress conditions. In this paper, the inverse problem is solved iteratively using a finite element model and an algorithm of stress uniformization developed by the authors of this paper is proposed. In this original approach, the existing solutions were reproduced as a verification and afterwards new solutions were obtained for the remaining classical theories of resistance. The new obtained solutions were also verified by using the analytical solutions of the direct problem.
Natural convection in a square cavity partially filled with porous medium and nanofluid using Buongiorno's model
Authors:   LSIM Maritime Science and Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Oran, Mohamed Boudiaf , El Maouar, Bp 1505, Bir Eldjir 31000, Oran, Algeria, BENYGZER CHERIFA , BOUZIT MOHAMED ,   LSIM Maritime Science and Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Oran, Mohamed Boudiaf , El Maouar, Bp 1505, Bir Eldjir 31000, Oran, Algeria, MOKHEFI ABDERRAHEM ,   LSIM Maritime Science and Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Oran, Mohamed Boudiaf , El Maouar, Bp 1505, Bir Eldjir 31000, Oran, Algeria / L2ME Modeling and Experimentation Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Bechar University B.P.417, 08000, Bechar, Algeria
Published: May 2023

Natural convection is investigated in a square cavity divided in three layers, nanofluid at the middle and the upper and lower parts for porous layer. The cavity is heated from the left and cold from the right at constant temperature Th and Tc respectively. The side walls are well insulated. The Buongiorno’s model was used to evaluate the distribution of nanoparticles and takes account the Brownian and thermophoresis motion. The governing equations are solved by the Galerkin finite element method. The governing parameters are Rayleigh (103≤ Ra ≤ 106), porous layer thickness (0.3 ≤ Lp ≤ 0.05).The result shows that increasing buoyancy forces reinforce circulation flow in the nanofluid layer than the porous layer, the decrease effect of porous layer thickness improve considerably the convective heat transfer. The heat and mass transfer are enhanced.
Gut-Brain Axis Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Early Biomarkers and Therapeutic Potential in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Zahra Amir  , Wisnu Wardhana Putra  , Linda Purnama  , Saurie Hernandez  , Adolfo Rawlings  , Immanuel Simbolon
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Increasing evidence suggests a crucial role of gut-brain axis dysfunction in PD pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the gut microbiome composition, identify potential early biomarkers, and explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the gut-brain axis in PD patients in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 50 PD patients and 50 age-matched healthy controls from Jakarta. Stool and blood samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze gut microbiome composition, and serum inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP) were measured using ELISA. Clinical data, including disease duration, severity, and non-motor symptoms, were assessed using standardized scales.
Results: PD patients exhibited significant alterations in gut microbiome composition compared to controls, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae). Elevated levels of serum inflammatory markers were also observed in PD patients. Correlation analysis revealed associations between specific gut microbiota, inflammatory markers, and disease severity.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence of gut-brain axis dysfunction in PD patients in Jakarta, Indonesia. Alterations in gut microbiome composition and increased systemic inflammation may serve as potential early biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PD. Further research is needed to explore the causal relationship and develop targeted interventions.
Artificial Intelligence for Early Detection of Motor Neuron Disease Using Gait Analysis and Speech Patterns in Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Authors: Sari Sulistyoningsih  , Louisa Istarini  , Dedi Sucipto  , Serena Jackson  , Agnes Mariska  , Linda Purnama  , Imanuel Simbolon
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Motor neuron disease (MND) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, atrophy, and ultimately, paralysis. This study investigated the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to detect MND in its early stages using gait analysis and speech pattern recognition in a population in Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Neurology Department of a tertiary referral hospital in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. A total of 150 participants aged 40-75 years were recruited and categorized into three groups. Gait analysis was performed using wearable sensors to collect data on stride length, cadence, swing time, stance time, and gait variability. Machine learning algorithms, including support vector machines (SVM), random forest (RF), and deep learning models like convolutional neural networks (CNN), were trained on the combined gait and speech data to classify participants into the three groups.
Results: Significant differences were observed in gait parameters between the MND group and the other two groups. Individuals with MND exhibited shorter stride length (p<0.001), slower cadence (p<0.001), increased swing time variability (p=0.002), and reduced stance time (p=0.003). Speech analysis revealed distinct patterns in the MND group, including reduced speech rate (p<0.001), increased pause duration (p=0.004), and decreased vocal intensity (p=0.001). The AI models, particularly the CNN model, demonstrated high accuracy in differentiating individuals with MND from healthy controls and those with other neurological conditions. The CNN model achieved an accuracy of 94.7%, sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 96%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.98.
Conclusion: AI-powered gait analysis and speech pattern recognition show promise as a non-invasive and cost-effective tool for the early detection of MND in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. This technology has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate timely intervention, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for individuals with MND.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Multi-Center Study Exploring Gene-Environment Interactions and Biomarkers in Indonesia
Authors: Vita Amanda  , Rashidah Unaib Al-Zayid  , Winata Putri  , Sonya Syarifah  , Tiffany Gabriele  , Leonardo Simanjuntak  , Cinthya Callathea
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a complex etiology involving genetic and environmental factors. This multi-center study investigated gene-environment interactions and potential biomarkers associated with ASD in the Indonesian population. Methods: Children diagnosed with ASD (n=500) and age-matched typically developing controls (n=500) were recruited across five major Indonesian cities. Whole-exome sequencing targeted genotyping, and environmental risk factor assessments were conducted. Biomarker analyses included cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers, and neurotransmitters. Results: Genetic analysis revealed both rare and common variants associated with ASD risk, including variants in CHD8, SCN2A, NRXN1, and novel genes. Prenatal exposures (maternal medication use, infections), perinatal complications (preterm birth, low birth weight), and postnatal factors (pesticide exposure, air pollution) were associated with increased ASD risk. Children with ASD exhibited elevated inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), increased oxidative stress (higher MDA, lower GSH), and altered neurotransmitter levels (lower serotonin and dopamine) compared to controls. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributing to ASD risk in Indonesia. The identified genetic variants, environmental risk factors, and potential biomarkers may contribute to our understanding of ASD etiology and inform the development of targeted interventions and early detection strategies.
Living with Tinnitus: A Qualitative Exploration of Indonesian Patients' Coping Strategies and Support Needs
Authors: Venny Meilinda  , Michelle Birne  , Mariana Alifah  , Imanuel Simbolon
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Tinnitus, the perception of sound without an external source, affects many people globally. Its causes are varied and often unclear, and it can significantly impact the quality of life, causing distress, sleep problems, and concentration difficulties. This study explored the experiences of Indonesian tinnitus patients, focusing on their coping strategies and support needs.
Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 Indonesian adults diagnosed with tinnitus. Participants were recruited from otorhinolaryngology clinics in Jakarta and Surabaya. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results: Four main themes emerged: (1) The multifaceted impact of tinnitus: emotional distress, social isolation, and functional limitations; (2) Diverse coping mechanisms: acceptance, sound therapy, and traditional remedies; (3) Perceived support needs: desire for information, counseling, and support groups; and (4) Cultural influences: spiritual beliefs and alternative medicine.
Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the experiences of Indonesian tinnitus patients. It highlights the need for culturally sensitive and holistic management, including comprehensive support services like information, counseling, and support groups tailored to their needs.
Levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Svetel Marina
Published: May 2023

January 2023 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Arvid Carlsson, a Swedish scientist, one of the three winners of the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2000 "for proving that Dopamine is a brain neurotransmitter whose deficiency leads to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease". Levodopa therapy is one of the main achievements of neurology in the twentieth century, and Parkinson' s disease was the first disease in which a specific neurochemical deficiency was confirmed in defined regions of the brain, which forms the basis for rational, chemically supported therapy. The paper briefly reviews the most important achievements in the discovery of Dopamine and levodopa, as well as their functions in the development of Parkinson's disease. Dopamine synthesis, understanding of levodopa synthesis method, possibility of measuring Dopamine concentration in putamen and caudate and its loss in Parkinson' s disease, along with histochemical visualization of nigrostriatal pathway and animal lesion model, enabled understanding of the role of nigrostriatal Dopamine system in the development of Parkinson's disease symptoms. Part of the work is devoted to the metabolism of Dopamine in healthy dopaminergic neurons, and then to its functioning in dopaminergic neurons of Parkinson's disease patients. It is known that in Parkinson's disease, Dopamine deficiency occurs due to selective degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Their suffering is triggered by a cascade of events that included the action of potential toxins, the influence of susceptibility genes on the body's response to them, oxidative stress caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, dysfunction of the ubiquitous proteasomal system that leads to the accumulation of incorrectly "packaged" proteins, the exhaustion of the endoplasmic reticulum system and the activation of mycoglia that follows inflammatory process. These changes can lead to programmed cell death of dopaminergic neurons with consequent Dopamine deficiency and the development of PD. Special attention is paid to the consequences of neuron loss on the functioning of the remaining dopaminergic neurons and Dopamine receptors, with reference to the therapeutic motor complications that may arise on that occasion. The basic assumptions about the occurrence of therapeutic complications are still related to the pharmacokinetics of levodopa and the model of its delivery to the brain, which results in non-physiological, pulsatile stimulation of Dopamine receptors. Today's possibilities in achieving a more stable concentration of levodopa with existing strategies are presented, with an answer to the question of whether continuous stimulation can be achieved under the conditions of standard, regular patients' levodopa therapy. In the short final part, the position of levodopa in the guidelines and recommendations for treatment is commented. It is expected that L-dopa will remain the "gold standard" for the treatment of PD at least until the development of more potent and safer Dopamine agonists or the development of neuroprotective or neurorestorative therapies.
Contemporary diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: IImportance of different biomarkers
Authors: Stefanova Elka
Published: May 2023

In preparation for the approval of new therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a key step is the selection, validation and application of screening tests for disease detection and treatment monitoring. Biomarkers for AD have significantly advanced the field in several ways and hold promise for early diagnosis, determination of pathology, and measurement of response to treatment. The classic pathophysiological features of AD (beta-amyloid Ab (A), tau (T) and neurodegeneration (N) can be determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but their presence can also be demonstrated by different imaging techniques such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET), either with an amyloid marker or with tau-ligand as the gold standards of amyloid and tau pathology, in trials in clinical practice. Currently, there are no widely accepted blood tests for neuroinflammation, astrocytic, microglial activation in AB. However, both methods are either invasive and/or very expensive at the same time, so great efforts have been made to determine basic and more specific biomarkers in blood as a less invasive and more accessible procedure. In the primary health care setting, diagnostic algorithms from blood could already be sufficient to improve the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of AB dementia and to positively influence the future treatment and care of people with cognitive problems. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the optimal combination of plasma biomarkers with other accessible and cost-effective procedures, such as, for example, MRI and cognitive tests, which are necessary for further development of predictive algorithms, which will be especially important in non-demented patients with cognitive problems.
Pediatric diabetes diagnosis: New ISPAD guidelines 2022
Authors: Zdravković Vera , Ješić Maja , Bojić Vladislav , Kovačević Smiljka , Blagojević Jelena , Miolski Jelena , Didić Nevena
Published: May 2023

Incidence of diabetes in childhood is rising, and Serbia is the country with high incidence of diabetes. Establishing the diagnosis early, in the presymptomatic phase, provides the opportunity to educate the family and prevent diabetic ketoacidosis, but also enables the administration of the innovative treatment for potential delay of the development of the established diabetes. New insulins preparation and advanced diabetes technologies are discussed in new guidelines of International society for pediatric and adolescent diabetes.
Modern approach in oligometastatic prostate cancer therapy
Authors: Stanić Jelena , Nikitović Marina , Miletić Nebojša , Stanković Vesna
Published: May 2023

Oligometastatic disease is defined as an intermediate state between localized and widespread metastatic disease. Oligometastatic prostate cancer is generally defined by the presence of five or fewer metastatic sites on imaging. In the era of precision and personalized cancer care, the introduction of more sensitive imaging technologies and the availability of safe and effective localized non-or minimally invasive treatment options, have led to an increase in the incidence and clinical interest in oligometastatic prostate cancer. In addition, the therapeutic paradigm for oligometastatic prostate cancer is evolving toward a more aggressive approach. Retrospective studies have shown that in the metastatic setting, treatments such as radical prostatectomy and local or metastasis-directed radiation therapy can be performed with minimal risk of toxicity and may enhance clinical outcomes. As there is insufficient data to draw reliable conclusions about their impact on survival, aggressive approaches in the treatment of oligometastatic prostate cancer should be considered only in the context of prospective clinical trials, with the patient informed of the limited evidence of benefit. The current inconsistent approach of detecting and treating oligometastatic prostate cancer patients will need to be standardized in order for future clinical studies to be properly performed and, more importantly, compared. These crucial conditions will reveal if oligometastasis diagnosis and therapy should be included in the standard clinical practice of prostate cancer patients.
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Jevtić Jovan , Janković Radmila
Published: May 2023

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory disorder characterized by intraepithelial eosinophilic infiltration followed by esophageal dysfunction. Pathophysiological mechanism of EoE is still not well understood, with several factors that may contribute, such as host immunity, environmental and genetic factors. Modern diagnostic for EoE should include: esophageal dysfunction, esophageal biopsy with at least 15 eosinophils per high power field and absence of other pathology characterized by increased number of eosinophils. The most common presenting symptoms in adults are dysphagia, heartburn, food impaction and chest pain. Children are usually presented with nausea and vomiting, anorexia, heartburn, regurgitation, chest burn and abdominal pain. Endoscopically, patients with EoE are characterized by longitudinal furrows (vertical lines, darker than surrounding mucosa), esophageal trachealization (numerous transversal rings, as in trachea), exudate (white plaques), edema (decreased mucosal vascularization), strictures and crepe-paper mucosa (mucosal friability and tearing during endoscopy). Histological features of EoE could be separated into major and minor criteria. Major criteria include: intraepithelial infiltration by eosinophils (>15 eosinophils/HPF), eosinophilic microabscesses (≥4 eosinophils in a collection), eosinophils occupying outer layer of the squamous epithelium, epithelial sloughing and eosinophil degranulation. Minor criteria include: basal zone hyperplasia, lengthening of the epithelial papillae, intracellular edema and subepithelial fibrosis. In order to set adequate diagnosis, all other conditions related to increased number of eosinophils should be excluded. The most common and the most important differential is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Treatment of the EoE encompasses: proton pump inhibitors (PPI), corticosteroids (topical and systemic), elimination diet and esophageal dilation.
Laryngeal dysplasia, state of art
Authors: Boričić Novica , Terzić Tatjana
Published: May 2023

Laryngeal dysplasia is a precancerous lesion of laryngeal epithelium. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have been identified as the two most important etiological risk factors for the development of laryngeal dysplasia. It is considered that low-grade dysplasias have a lower malignant potential and that high-grade dysplasias have a higher potential for progression into squamous cell carcinoma. It is necessary to establish a precise diagnosis to prevent the progression of dysplasia into squamous cell carcinoma. Dysplasia has a diverse macroscopic presentation including leukoplakia, erythroleukoplakia, hyperkeratotic thickening, or exophytic tumor-like masses. Available laryngoscopic techniques are not diagnostically efficient. The diagnosis is based on the histopathological picture of the lesion. There are several classification systems of laryngeal dysplasias that are used in practice, but each relies on the subjective interpretation of morphological criteria. There is great interobserver variability among pathologists for each of the existing dysplasia classifications. All classification systems have weak correlations between the degree of dysplasia and the risk of malignant transformation. So far, there is no biological or genetic marker that is specific for dysplasia or type of laryngeal dysplasia; however, recent studies identified some biomarkers that could be used to determine the malignant potential of dysplasias. The aim of this mini-review is to show the novelties in the classification, etiology, histopathological diagnosis, and therapy of laryngeal dysplasia.
Lexical-semantic abilities and executive functions in the elderly
Authors: Vuković Mile , Stanković Ana
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The development of modern society has led to an increase in the life expectancy, and thus to a significant increase in the number of elderly people. Therefore, in recent years a lot of attention has been paid to the examination of cognitive abilities in this population. The research focuses on changes in language, executive functions and memory. Aim. This study aimed to determine lexical-semantic abilities and executive functions in persons over the age of 65. Methods. The sample included 30 people ranging in age from 66 to 85. The respondents were divided into two age categories, with 16 respondents from the "young old" category and 14 respondents in the "middle-old and oldest-old" category. The sample included 13 respondents who had finished elementary school and 17 respondents who had finished secondary or higher/university education. The Semantic Test and the Verbal Fluency Test were used to assess lexical-semantic abilities. To assess executive functions, the Stroop test was used. Results. The results have shown that respondents with different age categories do not differ in their achievements on tests for the assessment of lexical-semantic abilities. However, differences in achievements were determined in relation to the level of education of the respondents. People with a higher educational level were more successful on the mentioned tests. Furthermore, the results show a difference in achievement on the test for assessing executive functions based on age and level of education. Conclusion. These findings indicate that executive functions are more sensitive to age than lexical-semantic abilities.
Formal support: Expectations of parents of children with disabilities
Authors: Šarčević-Ivić-Hofman Katarina , Wagner Jakab
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Parents of children with developmental disabilities receive many different forms of support, including formal support provided by professionals from different systems. Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in expectations of the type of formal support by parents of children with developmental disabilities with regard to their sociodemographic characteristics. Methodology. In total, 152 parents participated in the study, out of which 63.8% were female and 36.2% were male. The participants' average age was 38 years. Data was collected using a questionnaire specifically designed for the purpose of this study, which is a component of a large-scale research study on early support provided to children with developmental disabilities and their parents. The first part of the questionnaire concerns sociodemographic characteristics, while the second part deals with the parents' expectations of the type of formal support. Results. The results of this study show that there is a statistically significant difference in the expectations of the type of formal support by the parents of children with developmental disabilities with regard to two sociodemographic characteristics, namely the self-evaluated financial wellbeing and the level of education. Conclusion. This study shows that parents with higher levels of education and better financial wellbeing have different expectations of the type of formal support than parents with lower levels of education and lower income. These differences should be, therefore, taken into account during the processes of planning and providing support.
The importance of sport for members of the deaf community
Authors: Šešum Mia , Isaković Ljubica , Radić-Šestić Marina , Kovačević Tamara
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Apart from developing physical skills, a characteristic of sport is that it also helps the socialization of the persons who do it. Thus, it is a rather significant system of activities in the lives of people who are deaf or hard of hearing. Considering the fact that these persons are often marginalized by the typical population, participating in sports activities may contribute to their visibility to a great extent and thus to their inclusion in the social community. It is important to underline that an individual's deafness or being hard of hearing does not represent a limiting factor for their doing sports if the function of the center of gravity is preserved. Objective. The aim of this work was to provide a systematic insight into the possibilities of the deaf to participate in sports activities through the analysis of the available literature, as well as to indicate the importance that sports can have in their lives. Methods. The descriptive method, analysis, synthesis, and content evaluation were used. Results. Sports are an important component in the lives of many deaf and hard-of-hearing people. Deaf and hard-of-hearing persons may do sports as part of organized activities, independently, for recreational purposes, but also professionally. Professional deaf and hard-of-hearing athletes have the possibility of taking part in specialized competitions which are intended for persons with disabilities or only for deaf and hard-of-hearing persons, as well as in competitions in which predominantly typical athletes participate. Conclusion. In order to achieve the inclusion of the deaf, it is important to use the potential of sports activities as equally accessible to deaf people and members of the typical population.
Influence of insurance on entrepreneurship: Sector-specific evidence
Authors: Njegomir Vladimir , Stojić Dragan , Demko-Rihter Jelena
Published: May 2023

Background: Numerous authors have researched the impact of insurance on entrepreneurship and focused primarily on different aspects of health and social insurance, and their alternatives to private insurance. This paper investigates the importance of various lines of insurance on entrepreneurial performance. Purpose: The aim of the research is to analyse how insurance affects entrepreneurship in certain sectors of activity. Study design/methodology/approach: A linear regression model was applied on data collected through the questionnaire, which consisted of 12 questions embodying the variables included in the regression analysis. The survey was conducted on a sample of 460 entrepreneurs, which provided a confidence interval of 4.5 at a confidence level of 95%. The questionnaire was submitted to entrepreneurs in person, and it was filled in accountancy agencies that provide them accounting services, thus avoiding initial mistrust of entrepreneurs as respondents. Findings/conclusions: The main findings included the positive impact of premium paid on business results. By using variance analysis, the existence of sectoral differences regarding the impact of entrepreneurship on insurance was also confirmed. It was found that sectoral differences exist not only in the purchase of insurance, but also in the level of realized income, whereby the highest revenues were realized in the activities of information and communication and accommodation, and food service, while the smallest revenues were realized in the manufacturing industry. These results are also crucial for directing the government's economic policies to stimulate entrepreneurship and economic growth. Limitations/future research: Future research will be directed toward comparisons of results obtained in a developing country, with the sector specific evidence in developed countries.
Economic assessment of plantain marketing in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara state, Nigeria
Authors: Funke Salami , Kikelomo Osasona , Mark Miracle , Falola Abraham , Subair Muhammed
Published: May 2023

It is insufficient for policymakers to focus solely on resolving production issues without considering their marketing issues in order to secure food security. This study, therefore, analyzed plantain marketing in the Ilorin metropolis of Kwara state, Nigeria. The study specifically looked at the socioeconomic characteristics of plantain marketers in the study area, assessed the market margin and marketing efficiency of plantain marketers, identified the local plantain market structure, and looked at factors influencing price as well as those restricting the marketing of plantains in the area. Purposive and random sampling methods were combined to gather information from 100 respondents. The analysis used descriptive statistics, market margin, marketing efficiency analysis, Herfindahl index, and Likert-type scale. According to the result of this study, women made up the vast majority (98%) of plantain marketers. It was determined that the market margin and marketing efficiency were 6,111.21 NGN per week and 34.88%, respectively. The Herfindahl index for the plantain market was 0.0121, indicating a tendency toward perfect competition. While poor roads, bulkiness, high perishability, a lack of storage facilities, and a short supply were the main issues restricting the marketing of plantains in the area, high transportation costs, size, and quantity were the significant factors determining plantain prices in the area. Therefore, it is advised that the government increase its spending on building and repairing roads. To support efficient marketing activity, storage and processing facilities should also be made available to marketers.
Pessoa no Espelho
Authors: Silva Libnis , Souza Moreira Thiago , Machado Sidney , Santos Creuse , Bacoccina Carlos , Soares Filipe , Ferreira Fontes Cidrac , Dias Marcelo , Parker Gary , Santos Ronnie , Sant'Anna Paulo , Glahn Sandra , Sanchez Jasmine , De Mello Silva Ana Luisa , Moura Lisânias , Souza Maruilson , Brito Wellington , Kepler Winnetou , Estrela Wellington
Published: May 2023

A maior questão do século 21  é o que é o ser humano? Quem sou eu? Ou de uma forma mais profunda e básica, o que sou eu? É uma pergunta inescapável a todos, seja adulto, adolescente, ou até criança. De fato, é uma pergunta  que todas as religiões do mundo e filosofia procuram responder. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, é uma pergunta que não queremos fazer, pois as respostas contemporâneas são frustrantes e muitas vezes sem significado.
Este livro é uma coletânea de ensaios sobre como a Bíblia define o ser humano de um modo diferente de todas as religiões. Desde o início, Deus declara “Façamos o homem à nossa imagem, conforme nossa semelhança...homem e mulher os criou.” No íntimo, cada pessoa sente algo de Deus, sua presença e ainda sua ausência. Uma vez inocente, o ser humano se torna pecador e incapaz de agradar a Deus e de se achegar a Ele. De outro lado, Deus se fez homem em Jesus Cristo, para nos mostrar como viver como seres humanos e nos reconciliar com Deus pela sua morte e ressurreição. Quando Cristo retornar, seremos elevados acima dos anjos. Somos seres realmente diferentes. 
A Pessoa no espelho: Uma antropologia bíblica tem o propósito de mostrar como a definição bíblica de o que é o ser humano impacta nosso modo de pensar e nossas ações, numa variedade de assuntos desde as artes até o tráfico de pessoas.
Kemungkinan Atas Digunakannya Hasil Analisis PPATK sebagai Alat Bukti pada Penanganan Perkara Pencucian Uang
Authors: Hasan Fuad
Published: May 2023

Laporan Hasil Analisis (HA) PPATK dipandang sebagai laporan intelijen, sehingga tidak digunakan sebagai alat bukti dalam penanganan perkara Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang (TPPU), Jika HA PPATK dapat dijadikan alat bukti dalam penanganan perkara TPPU akan memperkuat aparat penegak hukum untuk membuktikan TPPU. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mengapa HA PPATK saat ini tidak dapat dijadikan alat bukti dalam penanganan perkara pencucian uang dan kemungkinan HA PPATK dapat menjadi Alat Bukti. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif. Secara normatif ketentuan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan tidak dapat mengkualifisir laporan HA sebagai alat bukti, untuk dapat dijadikan alat bukti, HA harus memenuhi ketentuan Alat Bukti sebagaimana ditentukan dalam Pasal 184 Ayat (1) KUHAP. Adapun bentuk alat bukti pada laporan HA adalah dapat berupa surat sebagaimana yang dimaksud dalam ketentuan Pasal 184 ayat (1) huruf c yang dibuat atau disusun sesuai dengan Pasal 187 KUHAP yaitu atas sumpah jabatan sebagai ahli analis transaksi keuangan dan diterangkan melalui keterangan ahli pada proses peradilan seperti pada visum et repertum.
Risiko Pencucian Uang dan Pendanaan Terorisme dari Kejahatan Tumbuhan dan Satwa Liar (TSL)
Authors: Anafiah Vidyata Annisa
Published: May 2023

Perdagangan ilegal tumbuhan dan satwa liar (TSL) merupakan salah satu dari kejahatan yang menghasilkan banyak uang secara global yaitu sekitar 5 hingga 23 miliar dolar AS setiap tahunnya, sedangkan di Indonesia, perdagangan ilegal TSL ini diperkirakan menghasilkan Rp 9-13 triliun setiap tahunnya.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran risiko TPPU dan TPPT dari TSL berdasarkan profil pelaku, wilayah, delik pidana Undang-Undang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya (UU KSDAE), dan TSL yang terlibat dalam TPPU; serta mitigasi risiko yang telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi explanatory sequential design dalam proses melakukan penilaian risiko. Profil pelaku individu, wilayah Jawa Bali (sebagai sumber aliran dana) dan Sumatera (sebagai tujuan dana), Pasal 21 ayat 2 huruf a UU KSDAE, dan trenggiling ditemukan sebagai profil, wilayah, delik pidana dan TSL yang berisiko tinggi. Risiko TPPU perdagangan ilegal TSL di Indonesia berdasarkan data yang tersedia dapat dinilai rendah hingga menengah. Sementara itu, berdasarkan data yang ada saat ini, sulit menilai risiko TPPT kejahatan TSL. Untuk memitigasi risiko perdagangan ilegal TSL dan TPPU, para pemangku kepentingan melakukan upaya antara lain pelaporan kejahatan TSL yang berbasis teknologi, edukasi dan sosialisasi, penerapan multi-door approach dalam penanganan perkara, kerjasama formal dan informal, serta perbankan hijau.
Comparison of Capitalist and Socialist Economic Models in International Trade
Authors: Salimah Nur , Siallagan Maya Adelina , Banjarnahor Heru Elpando , Matondang Khairani
Published: May 2023

This study discusses the comparison between capitalist and socialist economic models in the context of international trade. A qualitative approach is used by analyzing references from several books and journals related to this topic. The research results show that in the capitalist economic model, international trade is used as a means to increase profits and economic growth, by prioritizing the interests of individuals and private companies. On the other hand, in the social economic model, international trade is seen more as a tool to meet people's needs and increase the distribution of wealth, with the pressure of collective ownership and the government as regulator. Although both have their advantages and disadvantages, this research shows that in the context of international trade, the social economic model has more potential to create more equitable distribution and social justice the original work.
Implementation of the GATT State Rates Policy on International Trade
Authors: Marbun Sonia Hapsari , Febrianti Dwi , Matondang Khairani
Published: May 2023

Tariff policy can be interpreted as a systematic arrangement of duties levied on goods and services that cross national borders. The purpose of this research is to find out how the implementation of tariffs or international agreements related to international trade, especially the General Tariffs and Trade (GATT) agreement. This research uses quantitative research methods through a descriptive research approach. The results of this study are GATT countries usually use a lot of tariff policies to protect domestic production and also to attract revenue to the country. Even though it is permissible, the use of these tariffs is still subject to GATT provisions and many rules and agreements issued by GATT.