bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SrTiO3 nanocubes doped with ir as photocatalytic system for enhancing H2 generation from water splitting
Authors: Trang Ton Nu Quynh , Tu Doanh Tieu , Thanh Sinh Do , Thi Hanh Thu Vu
Published: August 2020

Designing an effective photocatalyst for hydrogen (H2) performance under visible irradiation with a decrease the band gap energy of semiconductor has been considered as an essential aspect in boosting the performance of photocatalytic reactions. Herein, we focus on evaluating the role of doping with Ir into SrTiO3 structure fabricated by hydrothermal method for H2 generation. The crystalline characteristics the Ir-SrTiO3 photocatalyst were carried out via XRD and FE-SEM. The chemical composition and the optical properties of the Ir-SrTiO3 were classified by EDX and UV-Vis spectra, respectively. The results showcased that the dramatically improved absorbing performances of Ir/SrTiO3 specimen could be governed by the presence of Ir impurity states in the forbidden energy gap causing a decrease in energy gap of SrTiO3. This work also revealed that Ir doped into SrTiO3 exhibited excellent photocatalytic H2 evolution compared with pristine SrTiO3 (~454 and ~325 mmol.h-1.g-1 H2 production under UV and visible light irradiation, respectively). A rational photocatalytic mechanism is projected to be able provide significant awareness for further research.
TO STUDY THE INFECTIVE PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH EAR INFECTIONS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL BIHAR: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.
Authors: . Abhiniti , Lal Pawan Kumar
Published: August 2020

Aim: to study the infective profile of patients with ear infections.

Materials and Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of ENT, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India  .Among 200 patients attended the OPD of the ENT presented with ear infection/discharge. Aural discharge samples collected through a sterile culture sensitivity tube and sent to microbiological lab and culture sensitivity reports collected from the patients during follow up visits.

Results: majority of participants were in the age group between 1 and 20 years. 60.5% of the patients had ear discharge for ≥14 days. The prevalence of ear infection among females (53.5%) was slightly higher than males (46.5%). Gram negative organisms are detected in (47.0%), Gram positive organisms detected (34.5%), fungal infection detected (6.0%) and no organism detected (12.5%) of the aural swab samples.

Conclusion: The profile and predominant bacteria isolated highlights the need for continuous surveillance and reporting of the microbiology of ear infection in our local community in order to guide clinicians use the appropriate antimicrobials towards the incriminated etiologies.

Keywords: culture, sensitivity, ear infection
THE EFFECTS OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY ON OBSTETRICS AND NEONATAL OUTCOME: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Narayan Nutan , Roy Dipti
Published: August 2020

Aim: to study the effects of teenage pregnancy on obstetrics and neonatal outcome.

Materials and methods: The present prospective comparative interventional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar. Total 60 patients were divided in to two groups.

Results: Majority of the patients (66.9%) were in the 18-20 years of age group. Pre-eclampsia was observed in 26.7% of the patients who didn’t receive vitamin D supplement whereas the group I which received supplementation showed on pre-eclampsia in   6.7% of the patients (p=0.001).

Conclusion: This study concludes that there is significant role of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women in prevention of pre-eclampsia.

Keywords: pre-eclampsia, vitamin D, neonatal outcome, teenage
TO ASSESS THE ADVERSE EFFECT PROFILE OF SECOND LINE DRUG IN MDR TB PATIENTS
Authors: Bansal Deepak , Mukati Sunil
Published: August 2020

Method: Study including LPA /AFB CULTURE proven cases of MDR TB. Data will be collected from the patient attending the OPD & IPD in the Dept. of Respiratory Medicine.

Result: Out of 200 patients 71% were of male its shows that MDR T.B. more prevalent among males and female 29%. Out of 200 patients most of the patients come under 10-15 Kg/m2 BMI, so its shows that 64.5% patients comes it and disease more prevalent among under nutrition. Out of 200 patients, the present study shows that gastrointestinal side effects are the most common 42%. 09 patients have renal toxicity and 08 patients have Arthalgia and 06 patients have cutaneous reactions and 11 patients developed hepatitis and 07 patients have some psychiatric illness and 07 patients developed hearing defect.

Conclusion: The present study shows that gastrointestinal side effects are the most common 42%. 09 patients have renal toxicity and 08 patients have Arthalgia and 06 patients have cutaneous reactions and 11 patients developed hepatitis and 07 patients have some psychiatric illness and 07 patients developed hearing defect. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of continuing the systematic surveillance of M. tuberculosis isolates to monitor the trends of drug resistance in different patient categories.

Keywords: Adverse, Second line & MDR TB.
IDIOPATHIC: PRENATAL CLOSURE OF THE DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS CAUSING FETAL HYDROPS
Authors: Gavade Vijay K. , Pawar Ravindra S. , Patil Uday S. , M Sandeep , M Prabhu Teja
Published: August 2020

Spontaneous premature closure of the human fetal ductus arteriosus is an uncommon event that often results in significant morbidity and mortality. We present a case of a neonate with prenatal previously not detected intrauterine closure of the ductus arteriosus in a 21-year-old ,G3P1A2L1 mother with type 2 consanguinity at 39 weeks of gestation, with previous scans showing placenta previa grade 1 at  21weeks and Doppler study showing  pericardial effusion at 36weeks.Caesarean section was performed in view of absent progression of labour. A male newborn weighing 4100gm, required bag and mask and intubation. With an excellent neonatal outcome. Finally we suggest that fetal echo in third trimester & maternal education programs to avoid  self-medication and provide training for good diet is necessary.
TO EVALUATE THE OUTCOME FOLLOWING PROXIMAL REALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR HABITUAL PATELLAR DISLOCATION: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY.
Authors: Choudhary Angad Kumar
Published: August 2020

Aim: to evaluate outcome following proximal realignment procedure in habitual patellar dislocation.

Materials and Methods: prospective comparative study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Bhagalpur from jan 2019 to December 2019 among 18 patients who underwent proximal realignment for habitual patellar dislocation with a minimum follow up of 6 months and a maximum follow up of 2 years. Radiological assessment was done by measuring sulcus angle and congruence angle and pain was assessed using VAS scale.

Results: mean age of the study population was 18.64 years and 55.6% were male and rests 44.4 were female. Mean pre and post operative sulcus angle (132.46, 132.58) and Congruence angle (62.86, 17.81). Two the cases showed recurrence.

Conclusion: we conclude that following proximal realignment procedure for habitual dislocation of patella radiological parameters were brought back to normal. There were no significant changes in sulcus angle.

Keywords: patella, habitual dislocation, outcome, proximal realignment
EXPLORE THE EFFECT OF SMOKING ON THE VEP RESPONSE AMONG SMOKERS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY.
Authors: Kumari Ranjana , Prasad Rajiv Ranjan
Published: August 2020

Aim: to explore the effect of smoking on the VEP response among smokers.

Materials and Methods: The present prospective case-control study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Neta Ji Subhash Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar. Age matched 100 male smokers and 100 male non smokers were recruited. Data was statistically analyzed.

Results: The male subjects selected with mean age of 45.76 years. Visual evoked potential was affected in smokers with prolongation of latency and decrease in amplitude of P100 in both the eyes than non smokers, with is statistically highly significant.

Conclusion: concluded that Visual Evoke Potential was affected in smokers with prolongation of latency and decrease in amplitude of P100 in both the eyes when compared to non smokers.

Keywords: Smokers, VEP, P100, Latency
A SIMPLE SCREENING PROCEDURE COULD IDENTIFY INDIAN PATIENTS WITH EARLY COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GERIATRIC HIP FRACTURES
Authors: Gandhi Mrudev , Patel Utsav
Published: August 2020

Background: Dementia is one of the most common and cognitive impairments growing over the globe. It encompasses a wide range of other neurodegenerative disorders with the symptoms such as loss of memory, inability in carrying out everyday activities, a decline in the brain function activities, and perplexity. However, it has been identified that there is an absolute lack of treatment modalities for dementia, but the early diagnosis plays an important role in identifying the cognitive impairment in the asymptomatic phase itself. It helps in preventing the disease from reaching a further complicated stage

Aim: To assess the impact of cognitive impairment screening on the management of geriatric hip fractures

Methods: It was an observational study carried out at Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad; for a period of two years (June 2018 to May 2020). Two hundred sixty patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups, namely hemiarthroplasty (HA), Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA), hemiarthroplasty in patients with known dementia (HAd).

Result: The study showed male preponderance in the study, and the majority of the patients were above 80 years of age. There was a significant difference in the patients who can perform their grocery or medication independently and not independently with respect to MMSE. However, there was no statistically significant difference in Hip Harris Score. There was a statistically significant difference among the three groups regarding the intraoperative blood, operation duration, hospital stay, ICU postoperative, in-hospital details.

Conclusion: In light of the above literature, it was found that hip fractures and cognitive impairment were closely related. There are many risk factors of hip fracture, which are aggravated due to the late diagnosis of cognitive impairment. The incidence of hip fracture among patients suffering from dementia was much higher as compared to normal patients.

Keywords: multi-morbidity, cognitive impairment, geriatric hip fracture
A COMPARATIVE, QUESTIONNAIRE BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON SELF MEDICATION PRACTICE AMONG MEDICAL AND PARAMEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Mishra Monika
Published: August 2020

Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO), self medication is use of medicines to treat self recognized symptoms, or use of a prescribed medicine for chronic symptoms. It is associated with use of prescription drugs, alternative medicines and over the counter drugs (OTC).

Methods: This was a prospective, observational, questionnaire based study where two groups of students were interviewed with a prevalidated questionnaire. The first group comprised of students from MBBS while the second group consisted of students of paramedical courses namely physiotherapy, operation theatre technicians and lab technicians.

Results: A total of 200 students with an average age 19.62±0.65 years participated in the study. Among these students, 100 were medical students. All the students had practiced self medication however, only 51.00% agreed with the concept of self-medication. Considering the significant „p‟ value to be <0.05 there was a significant difference among the 2 groups with respect to awareness of generic and brand names of the drugs and importance of completing the course of treatment. 51.00% of medical and 29.00% paramedical students were aware about generic and brand names of drugs while knowledge about importance of completing course of treatment was present in 62% medical and 42% paramedical students. (p value<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference regarding the knowledge about the content, dose, duration of treatment and frequency of drug administration among the two groups.

Conclusion: The present study shows a high prevalence of selfmedication among medical and paramedical students of the institution. The knowledge about self-medication was encouraging among the students of both the groups.

Keywords: Self medication, student, knowledge
SPECTRUM OF BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA
Authors: Pal Ajay , . Indira , Kapil L. K.
Published: August 2020

Background: Blunt abdominal trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all age groups. Many injuries may not manifest during the initial assessment and treatment period.

Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study conducted at Trauma center and P.B.M Hospital, Bikaner

Results: Distribution according to type of injury consisted of maximum cases, 86% of road traffic accidents 74 of which were male and 12 female. 10% cases were of fall from height, 6 were male and 4 female .Assault cases were 4%. Case distribution according to organ involved consisted of 54.00% cases of liver injury,18.00% cases were of splenic injury, 23.00% patients had ilial injury, Pancreatic injury occurred in 2patient.

Conclusions: Males were pre-dominantly affected. Road traffic accident was the most common cause of injury. Though conservative management is successful in carefully selected patients, operative management remains the main stay of treatment.

Keywords: Blunt abdominal trauma, Liver injury, Perforation, Splenic injury
CONTROLLING MYOPIA PROGRESSION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Verma Neelam
Published: August 2020

Main aim of this article was a systematic review on causes and management of Myopia progression in children. Myopia is a general disorder, affecting just about one-third of the US popula­tion and over 90% of the population in some East Asian countries. Elevated amounts of myopia are connected with a bigger risk of sight-threatening troubles, such as retinal detachment, choroidal degeneration, cataracts and glaucoma. Slowing the progression of myopia could potentially advantage millions of children in the India. Few approaches used for myopia organize have proven to be useful. Treatment options such as undercorrection of myopia, gas permeable contact lenses, and bifocal or multifocal spectacles have all been proven to be inef­fective for myopia control, although one recent randomized clinical trial using executive top bifocal spectacles on children with progressive myopia has shown to decrease the progression to nearly half of the control subjects. The most effective methods are the use of orthokeratology contact lenses, soft bifocal contact lenses, and pharmaceutical agents such as atropine, timolol or pirenzepine.

Keyword: Myopia progression, pharmaceutical agents, lenses, treatment.
FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW
Authors: Sharma Vijay , Rathore D.S. , Kumar Amit
Published: August 2020

In recent years scientific and technological advancements have been made in the research and development of rate-controlled oral drug delivery systems by overcoming physiological adversities, such as short gastric residence times (GRT) and unpredictable gastric emptying times (GET). Several approaches are currently utilized in the prolongation of the GRT, including floating drug delivery systems (FDDS), also known as hydrodynamically balanced systems (HBS), swelling and expanding systems, polymeric bioadhesive systems, modified-shape systems, high-density systems, and other delayed gastric emptying devices. The different strategies used in the development of FDDS by constructing the effervescent and noneffervescent type of floating tablets basis of which is buoyancy mechanism. FDDS is a method to deliver the drugs that are active locally with a narrow absorption window in the upper gastrointestinal tract, unstable in the lower intestinal environment, and possess low solubility with higher pH values. The recent developments in floating drug delivery systems are containing the physiological and formulation variables impacting on gastric retention time, approaches to formulating of single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are discussed in detail. This review also summarizes evaluation parameters and application of floating drug delivery systems.

Keywords: Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS), Gastric residence time, Swelling index, Buoyancy.
INSOMNIA IN JAIL INMATES: A STUDY FROM THE SUB HIMALAYAN REGION OF NORTH INDIA.
Authors: Thakur Anita , Minhas Shailender , Kaur Sukhvinder , Sharma Jyoti
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Insomnia has been defined as having difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, or experiencing early morning awakenings, with resultant daytime impairment.1,2,3 Insomnia is a serious condition that affects over 60% of the prison population and has been associated with aggression, anger, impulsivity, suicidality, and increased prison health care use. 4 Hence management of insomnia in jail inmates become important. Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed medications for insomnia.

According to the FDA, fast-onset, short acting benzodiazepines should not be prescribed for more than five consecutive weeks, to avoid the risk of dependency. Though in reality, they are commonly used for longer durations which can lead to complications.5

Mirtazapine is an antidepressant drug with US Food and Drug Administration approval for the management of major depressive disorder. At lower doses mirtazapine is often used for management of insomnia.

Methods: This study consisted of a sample of 40 jail inmates who were on benzodiazepine for insomnia. Benzodiazepine was cross tapered with mirtazapine. Insomnia was studied using daily sleep diary which was assessed weekly.

Results: The study identified that mirtazapine at lower dose can be used for long term management of insomnia.

Discussion: In long term management of insomnia not only medications but sleep hygiene, regular exercise and education regarding the effects of long term use of sedatives should be included as is done in general population.

Keywords: jail inmates, insomnia, mirtazapine, benzodiazepine.
Desenvolvimento e validação de um método por CCD/densitometria para quantificação de psoraleno e bergapteno em Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul
Authors: De Moraes Mariana Cristina , Garcia Nathália Olívia Sousa , Lessa Bruno , Da Nóbrega Andréa Bezerra , Da Conceição Edemilson Cardoso
Published: August 2020

Diante da aplicabilidade dos extratos de Brosimum gaudichaudii no tratamento do vitiligo, o objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver um método analítico por cromatografia em camada delgada de alta eficiência (CCDAE) para a quantificação simultânea de psoraleno e bergapteno, presentes no extrato liofilizado de B. gaudichaudii, a fim de se tornar um método alternativo para o controle de qualidade dos extratos produzidos a partir desta espécie. O extrato liofilizado foi produzido a partir do extrato mole das raízes de B. gaudichaudii preparadas com solução hidroalcoólica a 55 % (v/v). A metodologia para análise dos compostos bergapteno e psoraleno, presentes no extrato liofilizado, foi desenvolvida e validada por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD)/densitometria. A melhor resolução, separação e identificação dos marcadores, ocorreram em cromatoplacas de sílica RP 18 F254 (Merck) e fase móvel composta por acetonitrila: água 60:40. Os fatores de retenção (FR) para o psoraleno e o bergapteno foram 0,41 e 0,35, respectivamente. O método de análise desenvolvido se mostrou linear, preciso e exato. Desta forma, a densitometria por CCD ou CCDAE se mostrou uma técnica alternativa para identificação e separação destas furanocumarinas, sendo importante para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos contendo extratos de B. gaudicaudii para o tratamento do vitiligo.
A relação humano-cão no contexto da saúde humana: considerações sobre conteúdos veiculados no Instagram
Authors: Pallota Mara Lucia , Cunha Maria Claudia
Published: August 2020

Introdução: O cão está presente na vida do ser humano desde os primórdios da civilização e vem ocupando gradativamente novos papéis na sociedade. Por conta da ajuda mútua que caracteriza o vínculo entre essas duas espécies, atualmente o cão, comprovadamente reconhecido como ser senciente, se estabelece como membro das chamadas famílias multi-espécie e, mais que isso, a efetividade de sua presença no apoio à pessoas com vulnerabilidade física, psíquica e/ou social — a chamada Intervenção Assistida por Animais (IAA), vem sendo abordada cientificamente bem como, de forma ampla, divulgada nas redes sociais digitais. Objetivo: Pesquisar a relação humano-cão no contexto da saúde humana em postagens feitas na rede social Instagram. Método: Pesquisa exploratório-descritiva de recorte transversal na qual foram coletadas postagens feitas no Instagram, buscadas por meio de hashtags previamente selecionadas — #terapiaassistidaporanimais e #animalassistedtherapy — termos escolhidos por serem indexados como Descritores de Ciências da Saúde — DeCS. Foram coletadas postagens durante 10 minutos diários para cada uma dessas hashtags de segunda a domingo, em horários definidos por sorteio, em um período de três meses do ano de 2019 (Julho, Agosto e Setembro). Resultados: Os resultados foram descritos a partir das seguintes categorias de postagens: de acordo com a localização geográfica de origem; quanto às características dos assistidos (tipo de fragilidade, sexo e faixa etária), quanto ao local de atendimento; quanto ao tipo de atividade realizada; quanto às áreas de conhecimento envolvidas. Assim, foi possível a compreensão do fenômeno estudado a partir de análises quantitativas e qualitativas dos resultados. Conclusão: Esta pesquisa ofereceu dados significativos sobre essa relação inter espécie no contexto da saúde humana, uma vez que a rede social possibilitou acesso ao cenário mundial contemporâneo na abordagem do tema.
Da vontade geral como poder de fato e poder de direito: do exercício da soberania popular entre a unidade multíplice da sociedade (Unitas Ordinis) e a totalidade político-jurídica e econômico-social do estado
Authors: Mariano da Rosa Luiz Carlos
Published: August 2020

Se consiste na condição sine qua non para o exercício da soberania popular em uma construção que, em função do processo que envolve as decisões coletivas e, antes, a sua elaboração, converge para as fronteiras que encerram a Constituição e o Estado, a Vontade Geral envolve a possibilidade de articulação da totalidade dos homens enquanto indivíduos em sua concreticidade histórico-cultural e econômico-social, o que implica a universalidade concreta, que advém do conjunto de vontades e fato econômico que caracteriza a sociedade e a dinâmica das relações intersubjetivas. Dessa forma, o artigo assinala que, caracterizando-se como um processo ético-jurídico de deliberação coletiva que implica a objetivação dos valores, necessidades e fins do povo enquanto corpo coletivo e moral através de um movimento econômico-político que envolve os momentos que encerram o instituído, o instituinte e a institucionalização, a Vontade Geral converte o conteúdo político-social em poder de direito, convergindo para a superação da universalidade de um Direito que encerra um “dever-ser” e uma exterioridade coercitiva que através do arcabouço normativo se impõe em nome do bem comum da totalidade político-jurídica e econômico-social do Estado, sobrepondo-se ao seu caráter abstrato e à ruptura envolvendo a ordem jurídica e a ordem social.
A função da pesquisa na coletividade contemporânea
Authors: Rosa Jota Junior Marques , Ferreira Djane da Silva
Published: August 2020

As mudanças na agricultura e a exigência de uma sociedade atual exigem certas adaptações na compreensão dos colégios agrícolas quanto ao papel que eles devem desempenhar. Isto é tanto mais verdade nos países que lutam por um desenvolvimento socioeconômico rápido. O documento discute primeiro os dois principais determinantes para o papel das faculdades agrícolas, ou seja, o papel da agricultura e o papel das universidades na sociedade atual. Os problemas de ensino são discutidos em três rubricas, a saber prática versus formação teórica, treinamento amplo versus especialização. Formação com foco disciplinar versus formação profissional. A pesquisa em uma faculdade atual de agricultura é discutida nos capítulos sobre investigação básica versus investigação aplicada, pesquisa monodisciplinar versus pesquisa interdisciplinar, financiamento da investigação agrícola. Conclui-se que as faculdades de agricultura têm muitas possibilidades de aumentar a sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico.
Separate Legal Entity Under Syariah Law and its Application on Islamic Banking in Malaysia: A Note
Authors: Ayub Zainal Amin , Mohamed Yusoff Zuryati , Azrae Ahmad Nasyran
Published: August 2020

The principle of separate legal entity – that is, after the incorporation of a company, it is regarded as an artificial person or juridical person who has the rights and responsibilities similar to a living person - has been widely accepted and applied in the world of business, trade and industry. In Malaysia, an Islamic banking institution is incorporated under the Companies Act 1965 where after its incorporation, it becomes a legal entity separated from its members and shareholders. In the case of Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad v. Adnan bin Omar (1994), the court held that Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad is a corporate institution created by statute. This case has been decided based on civil law system, not under the Islamic legal system. Since the products offered by an Islamic banking institution is solely in harmony with Islamic principles, one fundamental legal question yet to be resolved is whether the principle of separate legal entity is recognised under the Syariah law. This paper aims to discuss the issue of separate legal entity in Islam and its application to the Islamic banking institutions.
New Evidence on the Effect of Cboe Options Listing on the Volatility of New York Listed Stocks
Authors: Mazouz Khelifa
Published: August 2020

This paper re-examines the evidence on how the listing of options impacts on underlying stock’s volatility by taking into consideration the possible presence of a learning effect, along with the impact of the very endogenous nature of the options listing decision itself. Our analyses are centred on both the portfolio approach as well as the individual stock approach applied on the sample of optioned stocks with a matched control sample. The results show that the individual stock approach yielded accurate results, as it is amenable to both the sign and the statistical significance test of variance change. However, unlike the individual stock approach, the more frequently applied portfolio approach relies more on the sign rather than the statistical significance. Based on these analyses, we found no evidence of the CBOE-option listing effect’s presence on the volatility of the underlying stocks in the New York Stock Exchange.
The Effectiveness of Bank Recapitalization in Japan
Authors: Montgomery Heather
Published: August 2020

This study examines the effectiveness of Japanese banking recapitalization policies. Based on the careful reading of individual business revitalization plans submitted by several banks requesting government funds, we identified four primary goals of the capital injection plan: to increase the bank capital ratios; increase lending to avoid a credit crunch; increase the number of write-offs for non-performing loans; and encourage restructuring. Using a panel of individual bank data, we empirically estimated the effectiveness of the policy. Our findings suggest that capital injections are more effective for international banks than for domestic banks. The capital injections do not appear to affect lending to SMEs for either bank type. For international banks however, receipts of injected capital seem to relax the constraint on overall loan growth. The receipt of injected capital strengthens the capital positions of both international and regional banks, but these results do not hold up once we control for possible endogeneity when tested.
Insider Trading and Large Chapter 11 Bankruptcies in Usa
Authors: Nasser Tareque , Gup Benton E.
Published: August 2020

The Enron and WorldCom debacles raised questions about the state of corporate governance in the United States. Insider trading is one aspect of corporate governance highlighted in these cases. In this paper, we explore insider trading of large Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing firms during the twelve-year period of 1995-2006. We find that insiders in these firms, on average, do not use private information for gain or loss avoidance.
How Defined, Benefit Pension Assets Affect the Returns and Volatility of the Sponsor’s Stock
Authors: Marshall Brooks , Michael Timothy B. , Maloney David M. , Damanpour Faramarz
Published: August 2020

In its valuation of firms with defined benefit plans, the stock market combines changes in the valuation of pension assets with changes in the valuation of the net core assets. Unfortunately, aggregating the two disparate asset classes in valuation discards information about both classes. This work shows that by extracting the pension component of returns, two types of insights result: first, an enhanced understanding of the underlying risk and return of the firm’s net core assets; and, second, an enhanced perspective of the potential benefit from incorporating pension asset allocation into overall risk management.
Modelling the Behaviour of Technicians and Fundamentalists in the Shanghai Stock Market
Authors: Moosa Imad , Li Larry
Published: August 2020

This paper provides empirical evidence on the role of fundamentalists and technicians in the Chinese stock market. Three econometric models are used to differentiate the stock price effect between the actions of traders who act on the basis of fundamental analysis and those acting on the basis of technical analysis. The models are estimated using randomly selected monthly and daily data on the stock prices of one hundred companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. The results reveal that both fundamentalists and technicians have roles to play in stock price formation, although technicians appear to play a more important role. This result holds even if the government intervention is allowed for. Some explanations are presented for the dominance of technicians.
Influence of Transaction Costs on Foreign Exchange Option Contracts: Intra-Daily Tests
Authors: Hoque Ariful , Manzur Meher , Poitras Geoffrey
Published: August 2020

This paper tests the impact of transaction cost specication on deviations from lower boundary and put-call parity properties. Using PHLX traded foreign exchange options, prices for puts and calls are matched to the nearest five minutes. The results indicate how boundaries on the arbitrage profit function determined by alternative measures of transactions costs can impact the interpretation of deviations from distribution free properties of options such as put-call parity.
Analysts Earnings Forecasts Distribution
Authors: Leung Henry
Published: August 2020

Consensus measures on earnings forecasts such as the IBES mean and median are point estimates of sample distributions of analyst earnings forecasts. Often, these consensus measures serve as informational proxies for investors in their decision making process. This study utilises the Australian IBES earnings forecast data from 1988 through 2008 to show that analyst earnings forecast distributions are non-normal across the 20-year period. These results suggest the possibility of a more accurate surrogate consensus than the simple IBES mean and median. This, in turn, may have some bearing on those who generally employ analysts’ consensus earnings forecasts for stock valuation and modelling purposes.
The Impact of Manipulation in Internet Stock Message Boards
Authors: Delort Jean-Yves , Arunasalam Bavani , Leung Henry , Milosavljevic Maria
Published: August 2020

Internet message boards are often used to spread information in order to manipulate financial markets. Although this hypothesis is supported by many cases reported in the literature and in the media, the real impact of manipulation in online forums on financial markets remains an open question. This paper is on the effect of manipulation in internet stock message boards on financial markets by employing a unique corpus of moderated messages to investigate market manipulation. Internet message board administrators use the process of moderation to restrict market manipulation. We find that manual supervision of stock message boards by moderators does not effectively protect Internet users against manipulation. By focusing on messages that have been moderated as manipulative due to ramping, we show ramping is positively related to market returns, volatility and volume. Stocks with higher turnover, lower price level, lower market capitalization and higher volatility are more common targets of ramping.
Modeling Credit Risk: An Application of the Rough Set Methodology
Authors: Medina Reyes Samaniego , Cueto Maria Jose Vazquez
Published: August 2020

The Basel Accords encourages credit entities to implement their own models for measuring financial risk. In this paper, we focus on the use of internal ratings-based (IRB) models for the assessment of credit risk and, specifically, on one component that models the probability of default (PD). The traditional methods used for modelling credit risk, such as discriminant analysis and logit and probit models, start with several statistical restrictions. The rough set methodology avoids these limitations and as such is an alternative to the classic statistical methods. We apply the rough set methodology to a database of 106 companies that are applicants for credit. We obtain ratios that can best discriminate between financially sound and bankrupt companies, along with a series of decision rules that will help detect operations that are potentially in default. Finally, we compare the results obtained using the rough set methodology to those obtained using classic discriminant analysis and logit models. We conclude that the rough set methodology presents better risk classification results.
Leverage, Maturities of Debt and Stock Performance
Authors: Nguyen Tristan , Schüßler Alexander
Published: August 2020

We add to the prior literature that test the influence of total leverage on stock returns by focusing on an extended ratio, namely, ‘Total Debt to (Total Capital + Long Term Debt)’, TD/(TC+LTD)’, the ratio henceforth. Further, and in contrast with others, we account for different maturities of debt. The link between this ratio and stock returns for periods of one to sixty months are considered for Germany, the UK and the US. We control for beta and form quintiles based on the ratio to compute mean returns. Our findings indicate a robust negative relation between the ratio and returns for Germany and the UK. In these two markets, the lowest ratio-quintile performs better that the highest ratio-quintile for all the periods studied. Interestingly, the results for the United States are less clear. Due to a number of known factors, market efficiency might be higher in the US than in the other two markets.
Debt Conservatism and Debt-Equity Choices: Evidence from REITs’ Unused Debt Capacity
Authors: Wong Woei-Chyuan
Published: August 2020

We infer debt conservatism behavior by examining how REITs adjust towards their debt capacity following a capital issue or repurchase decision. It is observed that REITs with high unused debt capacity tend to issue equity which renders them more underleveraged for at least two consecutive years. These high debt buffer REITs also tend to converge slowly towards their debt capacity through repurchase decisions and hold significantly higher unused debt facilities than their low buffer counterparts. These findings are robust to a variety of robustness checks and cannot be explained by the traditional pecking order and trade-off theories of capital structure.
The Roles of Health Awareness and Knowledge in Medical Takaful Purchase Intention
Authors: Haji Wahab Muhammad Zarunnaim , Mohd Tajuddin Asma
Published: August 2020

The present study aims to examine the factors of health awareness and knowledge that influence customers’ intention to use medical takaful coverage among the public sector officers in northern Malaysia. A quantitative research methodology was adopted to answer the objectives progressively. In the current research, data from 313 respondents were collected via questionnaires from three different organisations, namely the police department, the fire and rescue firefighter department, and the education department. Moreover, the data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. The analysis revealed a significant and positive relationship between health awareness and knowledge and the customers’ intention to purchase medical takaful. Apart from that, the results also indicated that only health awareness has a significant influence on the intention with the strongest impact. On the other hand, the knowledge variable had no significant influence on customers’ intention to use medical takaful coverage among the respondents. A number of important limitations need to be considered in the present study which will be further explained in the conclusion section. Furthermore, the current research provides some major implications. First, on behalf of the takaful industry, the findings of the present study encourage the takaful operators, marketing teams, staffs, and agents to improve their performance by increasing their efficiency, creativity, innovation, and knowledge of product features in developing a good impression among potential customers. Second, on behalf of the public sector officers, the results of the study show the important need to enhance the customers’ intention to use medical takaful coverage. Third, the suitability of factors such as health awareness, knowledge and customers’ intention in the previous theory and literature on takaful industry has been proven in the current research. This study helps the marketing team of the takaful operators to formulate marketing strategies that can attract potential customers to participate in the medical takaful coverage, especially among the public sector officers.
Koeleria moldavica (Poaceae): географічне поширення, екологічні умови місцезростань та ценотична приуроченість
Authors: БАРАНЕЦЬ МИКОЛА ОЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ , ШОЛЬ ГАЛИНА НАЗАРІВНА , КУЧЕРЕВСЬКИЙ ВАСИЛЬ ВОЛОДИМИРОВИЧ
Published: August 2020

За результатами власних флористичних досліджень, опрацювання гербарних фондів KW, KRW, CWU, YALT та за літературними даними наведено хорологію рідкісного ендемічного виду Koeleria moldavica в Україні та Республіці Молдова. Встановлено, що вид поширений ширше, ніж вважали раніше. Загалом ареал K. moldavica охоплює степові райони Причорноморської низовини та лісостепові – південної частини Подільської височини. Наведена екологічна характеристика місцезростань виду. Встановлено приуроченість K. moldavicа виключно до вапнякових відслонень переважно середньої течії Дністра, Інгулу, Інгульця та пониззя Дніпра, де вона росте на примітивних та бідних дерново-степових грунтах. На території України в нижній частині долини Дніпра відомо 5 місцезнаходжень виду, у долині Інгульця та його притоки річки Висунь – 6, у долині Інгулу – 5, в Одеській області – 4. На території Республіки Молдова в середній течії річки Дністер відомо загалом 12 місцезнаходжень, з них більшість зосереджена в околицях міста Рибниця та в басейні річки Ягорлик. Koeleria moldavicа не утворює власної формації, зрідка виступає в ролі субдомінанта, а здебільшого – асектатора. Також вид є важливим компонентом багатьох асоціацій рідкісних формацій: Jurineeta brachycephalae, Stipeta capillatae, S. lessingianae, S. asperellae, S. ucrainicae, Botriochloeta ischaemi, Chamaecytiseta granitici, Elytrigieta stipifoliae, Galatelleta villosae або є одним із компонентів агломеративних угруповань на вапняках. Указані основні антропогенні та природні чинники, які призводять до скорочення чисельності популяцій виду. Для збереження популяцій K. moldavicа пропонується створення нових природно-заповідних об’єктів в Одеській, Миколаївській та Херсонській областях та включення виду до Червоної книги України.
Дві нові асоціації для галофітної рослинності України
Authors: ДАВИДОВ ДЕНИС АНАТОЛІЙОВИЧ , ДАВИДОВА АНАСТАСІЯ ОЛЕКСАНДРІВНА
Published: August 2020

статті узагальнено дані щодо синтаксономії угруповань зі значною участю двох малопоширених на території України видів-галофітів – Frankenia pulverulenta L. i Camphorosma annua Pall. Угруповання з переважанням Frankenia pulverulenta описані авторами у Північному Причорномор’ї (Скадовський район Херсонської області) і Керченському Приазов’ї (Ленінський район АР Крим). На основі кластерного аналізу у програмі Juice за допомогою алгоритму TWINSPAN модифікований вони визначені як нова для науки асоціація Puccinellio fominii-Frankenietum pulverulentae Davydova & Davydov ass. nova, яка належить до союзу Frankenion pulverulentae Rivas-Martínez ex Castroviejo & Porta 1976, порядку Frankenietalia pulverulentae Rivas-Martínez ex Castroviejo & Porta 1976 і класу Saginetea maritimae Westhoff & al. 1962. Усі ці синтаксони вищого рангу раніше для України не наводилися. До цього часу вважалося, що угруповання класу Saginetea maritimae репрезентують ефемерну гало-субнітрофільну рослинність тільки Атлантичного узбережжя і Західного Середземномор’я, а Frankenia pulverulenta на території України є лише супутнім видом у складі фітоценозів різних асоціацій, що належать до інших класів галофітної рослинності – Therosalicornietea Tüxen in Tüxen & Oberdorfer 1958, Kalidetea foliati Mirkin & al. ex Rukhlenko 2012 і Festuco-Puccinellietea Soó ex Vicherek 1973. Також у статті наведено результати порівняльного аналізу угруповань зі значною участю Camphorosma annua. У складі цих угруповань виділено два синтаксони, що відрізняються за видовим складом та екологією. Перший з них відомий у вітчизняних джерелах під назвою Camphorosmo annuae-Puccinellietum distantis Shelyag-Sosonko & Solomakha 1987, однак за флористичним складом і структурою його ценози цілком відповідають тим, що відомі з Центральної Європи під назвою Camphorosmetum annuae Soó 1934. Остання назва має пріоритет за роком публікації і має вживатися замість Camphorosmo annuae-Puccinellietum distantis. Другий синтаксон описано як нову для науки асоціацію Puccinellio giganteae-Camphorosmetum annuae Davydov ass. nova. Обидві асоціації з переважанням Camphorosma annua віднесено до порядку Puccinellietalia Soó 1947 класу Festuco-Puccinellietea, але до різних союзів: Puccinellion limosae Soó 1934 (Camphorosmetum annuae) і Puccinellion giganteae Golub & Solomakha ex Dubyna & Neuhäuslová 2000 (Puccinellio giganteae-Camphorosmetum annuae). Для усіх синтаксонів зазначено номенклатурні цитати, типи та їх діагностичні види.
Еколого-ценотична структура флори регіонального ландшафтного парку «Гадяцький» (Полтавська область, Україна)
Authors: ХАННАНОВА ОЛЕСЯ РАВІЛІВНА
Published: August 2020

Встановлено екологічну та еколого-ценотичну структуру флори регіонального ландшафтного парку «Гадяцький». За відношенням до провідних екологічних факторів – світла та вологи – у флорі парку переважають мезофіти (378 видів; 39,9 %) та геліофіти (449 видів; 47,5 %) відповідно. У географічному відношенні мезофіти є представниками неморального і частково бореального елементів. Переважання геліофітів серед геліоморф свідчать про наявність на території парку відкритих біотопів. За широтою еколого-ценотичної амплітуди панівне місце займають гемістенотопи (321 вид; 33,9 %) та стенотопи (299; 31,6 %). Це зумовлено входженням території до екотонної ділянки двох природних зон, у результаті чого багато видів зростають на межі своїх ареалів і мають вузькі синекологічні амплітуди. За участю видів у характерних рослинних угрупованнях абсолютно переважають асектатори (749; 79,1 %). На основі ценотичної приуроченості представників флори регіонального ландшафтного парку «Гадяцький» розподілено за 18 еколого-ценотичними групами (степова, лучно-степова, піщано-степова, піщано-вологолучна, лучна, неморально-лісова, бореально-лісова, узлісна, болотно-лісова, лучно-болотна незасолених місцезростань, лучно-болотна засолених місцезростань, болотна, прибережно-водна, водна, група видів із широкою екологічною амплітудою, рудеральна, сегетальна, види інших груп). Відмічено значну участь видів у групах, що належать до зональних для Лісостепу типів рослинності, – неморально-лісової та лучно-степової (по 96 видів; по 10,1 %). Наявність у межах парку та на суміжних із ним територіях антропогенно трансформованих ділянок позначилася на флористичному складі природних угруповань. Екологічний та ценотичний аналізи флори показують її гетерогенний характер. Виділені екоморфи є досить диференційованими та свідчать про різноманітний спектр екологічних умов біотопів.
PENGARUH METODE EMOTIONAL DEMONSTRATION TERHADAP PENINGKATAN CAKUPAN PENIMBANGAN BALITA DI POSYANDU
Authors: Ermawati Iit ermawati , Yuliana Wahida , Hakim Bawonul
Published: August 2020

Abstract:Posyandu (Integrated Service Post) is one form of Community-based Health Efforts (UKBM) carried out by, from and with the community, to empower and provide facilities to the community to obtain health services for mothers, infants and toddlers. In Posyandu activities there are indicators that determine the success of activities, one of which is the coverage of weighing toddlers as a form of community presence. The problem of coverage of underfive weighing in Indonesia was found to be the difference between the number of toddlers and toddlers weighed, namely 12,817,382 toddlers. This data was obtained from info Datin (Health Data and Information Center of the Republic of Indonesia) in 2014. In East Java Province an estimated number of toddlers was 2,985,934, and the number of toddlers weighed 1,588,030 so that there were still 50% that were not included in the coverage of underfive weighing. The results of the preliminary study of the number of children under five were present 45% irregularly in attendance each month. Even though nutrition monitoring with weight weighing must be done every month. While the monthly attendance limit for 1 year is 8 x. This presence needs cadre participation as part of the community itself. This study aims to determine whether there is the influence of the emotional demonstration method on increasing the coverage of underfive weighing. This study uses a one shot case study pre-experimental research design. The population is all under-five mothers in Sidodadi Village, which number 333 people. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. Test Statistics used to see the relationship between variables bound to independent variables. The analysis used was the chi-square statistical test of significance level of 95% (alpha 0.05) using SPSS. The results of 333 respondents, mothers of children under five who came to the Posyandu village of Sidodadi, Probolinggo Regency in December 2018 - June 2019 before the emodemo were attended by 153 mothers and when there was an emodemo activity the number of attendees increased to 285 mothers who attended Keposyandu .. Test results statistic is pvalue <0.05. The conclusion of this study is that there is the influence of the emotional demonstration method on increasing the coverage of underfive weighing in the Posyandu village of Sidodadi.