bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GSK3-mediated CLASP2 phosphorylation modulates kinetochore dynamics
Authors: Pemble Hayley , Kumar Praveen , van Haren Jeffrey , Wittmann Torsten
Published: February 2017

Error-free chromosome segregation requires dynamic control of microtubule attachment to kinetochores, but how kinetochore–microtubule interactions are spatially and temporally controlled during mitosis remains incompletely understood. In addition to the NDC80 microtubule-binding complex, other proteins with demonstrated microtubule-binding activities localize to kinetochores. One such protein is the cytoplasmic linker-associated protein 2 (CLASP2). Here, we show that global GSK3-mediated phosphorylation of the longest isoform, CLASP2α, largely abolishes CLASP2α–microtubule association in metaphase. However, it does not directly control localization of CLASP2α to kinetochores. Using dominant phosphorylation-site variants, we find that CLASP2α phosphorylation weakens kinetochore–microtubule interactions as evidenced by decreased tension between sister kinetochores. Expression of CLASP2α phosphorylation-site mutants also resulted in increased chromosome segregation defects, indicating that GSK3-mediated control of CLASP2α–microtubule interactions contributes to correct chromosome dynamics. Because of global inhibition of CLASP2α–microtubule interactions, we propose a model in which only kinetochore-bound CLASP2α is dephosphorylated, locally engaging its microtubule-binding activity.
ErbB1 and ErbB4 generate opposing signals regulating mesenchymal cell proliferation during valvulogenesis
Authors: Iwamoto Ryo , Mine Naoki , Mizushima Hiroto , Mekada Eisuke
Published: February 2017

Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) plays an indispensable role in suppression of cell proliferation during mouse valvulogenesis. However, ligands of the EGF receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), including HB-EGF, are generally considered as growth-promoting factors, as shown in cancers. HB-EGF binds to and activates ErbB1 and ErbB4. We investigated the role of ErbB receptors in valvulogenesis in vivo using ErbB1- and ErbB4-deficient mice, and an ex vivo model of endocardial cushion explants. We show that HB-EGF suppresses valve mesenchymal cell proliferation through a heterodimer of ErbB1 and ErbB4, and an ErbB1 ligand (or ligands) promotes cell proliferation through a homodimer of ErbB1. Moreover, a rescue experiment with cleavable or uncleavable isoforms of ErbB4 in ERBB4-null cells indicates that the cleavable JM-A, but not the uncleavable JM-B, splice variant of ErbB4 rescues the defect of the null cells. These data suggest that the cytoplasmic intracellular domain of ErbB4, rather than the membrane-anchored tyrosine kinase, achieves this suppression. Our study demonstrates that opposing signals generated by different ErbB dimer combinations function in the same cardiac cushion mesenchymal cells for proper cardiac valve formation.
Proteome stability, heat hardening, and heat-shock protein expression profiles in Cataglyphis desert ants
Authors: Willot Quentin , Gueydan Cyril , Aron Serge
Published: February 2017

In ectotherms, high temperatures impose physical limits, impeding activity. Exposure to high heat levels causes various deleterious and lethal effects, including protein misfolding and denaturation. Thermophilic ectotherms have thus evolved various ways to increase macromolecular stability and cope with elevated body temperatures; these include the high constitutive expression of molecular chaperones. In this work, we investigated the effect of moderate to severe heat shock (37°C–45°C) on survival, heat hardening, protein damage, and the expression of five heat-tolerance related genes (hsc70-4 h1, hsc70-4 h2, hsp83, hsc70-5, and hsf1) in two rather closely related Cataglyphis ants that occur in distinct habitats. Our results show that the highly thermophilic Sahara ant Cataglyphis bombycina constitutively expresses HSC70 at higher levels, but has lower induced expression of heat-tolerance related genes in response to heat shock, as compared to the more mesophilic C. mauritanica found in the Atlas Mountains. As a result, C. bombycina demonstrates increased protein stability when exposed to acute heat stress but is less prone to acquiring induced thermotolerance via heat hardening. These results provide further insight into the evolutionary plasticity of the hsps gene expression system and subsequent physiological adaptations in thermophilous desert insects to adapt to harsh environmental conditions.
A complex of Arabidopsis DRB proteins can impair dsRNA processing
Authors: Tschopp Marie-Aude , Iki Taichiro , Brosnan Christopher A. , Jullien Pauline E. , Pumplin Nathan
Published: February 2017

Small RNAs play an important role in regulating gene expression through transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing. Biogenesis of small RNAs from longer double-stranded (ds) RNA requires the activity of dicer-like ribonucleases (DCLs), which in plants are aided by dsRNA binding proteins (DRBs). To gain insight into this pathway in the model plant Arabidopsis, we searched for interactors of DRB4 by immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry-based fingerprinting and discovered DRB7.1. This interaction, verified by reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation, colocalizes with markers of cytoplasmic siRNA bodies and nuclear dicing bodies. In vitro experiments using tobacco BY-2 cell lysate (BYL) revealed that the complex of DRB7.1/DRB4 impairs cleavage of diverse dsRNA substrates into 24-nucleotide (nt) small interfering (si) RNAs, an action performed by DCL3. DRB7.1 also negates the action of DRB4 in enhancing accumulation of 21-nt siRNAs produced by DCL4. Overexpression of DRB7.1 in Arabidopsis altered accumulation of siRNAs in a manner reminiscent of drb4 mutant plants, suggesting that DRB7.1 can antagonize the function of DRB4 in siRNA accumulation in vivo as well as in vitro. Specifically, enhanced accumulation of siRNAs from an endogenous inverted repeat correlated with enhanced DNA methylation, suggesting a biological impact for DRB7.1 in regulating epigenetic marks. We further demonstrate that RNase three-like (RTL) proteins RTL1 and RTL2 cleave dsRNA when expressed in BYL, and that this activity is impaired by DRB7.1/DRB4. Investigating the DRB7.1–DRB4 interaction thus revealed that a complex of DRB proteins can antagonize, rather than promote, RNase III activity and production of siRNAs in plants.
Characterization by Lectin Histochemistry of Two Subpopulations of Parietal Cells in the Rat Gastric Glands
Authors: Gómez-Santos Laura , Alonso Edurne , Díaz-Flores Lucio , Madrid Juan F. , Sáez Francisco J.
Published: February 2017

Parietal cells undergo a differentiation process while they move from the isthmus toward the pits and the base region of the gastric gland. The aim of this work was to analyze the rat gastric glands by lectin histochemistry to show the glycans expressed by upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells. We used lectins recognizing the most frequent sugar moieties in mammals. Each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which removes O-linked oligosaccharides; (2) incubation with Peptide-N-glycosidase F, to remove N-linked glycans; (3) acid hydrolysis, which removes terminal sialic acid moieties; (4) methylation-saponification, to remove sulfate groups from sugar residues; and (5) glucose oxidase, a technique carried out with the lectin concanavalin A to convert glucose into gluconic acid. The lectins from Helix pomatia, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycine max (soybean), Maclura pomifera, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Bandeiraea simplicifolia (lectin I-B4), and Datura stramonium showed a different glycan expression in the parietal cells throughout the gastric gland. This difference supports that parietal cells undergo a maturation/degeneration process while the cells descend along the gland. The role of DBA as a marker of parietal cells previously reported should be taken with caution because these cells showed different reactivity for the lectin, ranging from negative to strong labeling.
Competence in Intelligence Testing: A Training Model for Postgraduate Psychology Students
Authors: Gilmore Linda , Campbell Marilyn
Published: February 2017

The assessment of intellectual ability is a core competency in psychology. The results of intelligence tests have many potential implications and are used frequently as the basis for decisions about educational placements, eligibility for various services, and admission to specific groups. Given the importance of intelligence test scores, accurate test administration and scoring are essential; yet there is evidence of unacceptably high rates of examiner error. This article discusses competency and postgraduate training in intelligence testing and presents a training model for postgraduate psychology students. The model aims to achieve high levels of competency in intelligence testing through a structured method of training, practice and feedback that incorporates peer support, self-reflection and multiple methods for evaluating competency.
Peltojen metsänistutuksen yksityistaloudellinen kannattavuus
Authors: Aarnio Jukka , Rantala Tapio
Published: February 2017

Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin peltojen metsityksen yksityistaloudellinen kannattavuus eri puolilla maata. Viljelypuulajeina käytettiin mäntyä, kuusta ja rauduskoivua. Kannattavuus määritettiin sekä metsänomistajan itse rahoittamana että valtion metsänparannusavustuksella. Kannattavuuskriteereinä käytettiin nettonykyarvoa ja sisäistä korkoa.
Lounais-Suomen metsäkeskuksen alueen metsävarat ja niiden kehitys 1964–98
Authors: Korhonen Kari , Tomppo Erkki , Henttonen Helena , Ihalainen Antti , Tonteri Tiina
Published: February 2017

Tässä julkaisussa esitetään valtakunnan metsien yhdeksänteen inventointiin (VMI9) perustuvat Lounais-Suomen metsäkeskuksen alueen metsävaratiedot ja niiden muutokset 1966–1998 sekä analysoidaan muutosten syitä. Lisäksi artikkelissa kuvataan yleispiirteet otantamenetelmästä. Inventoinnin otantamenetelmää, maastomittauksia ja tuloslaskentaa kehitettiin yhdeksättä inventointia varten. Menetelmä on kuvattu Etelä-Pohjanmaan tulosjulkaisun yhteydessä (Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 2B/1998). Lounais-Suomen metsäkeskuksen alue muuttui vuonna 1996 ja edelleen vuoden 1999 alussa, minkä vuoksi tähän julkaisuun laskettiin uudelleen nykyisen alueen tulokset viidennestä inventoinnista lähtien. Lounais-Suomen alue poikkeaa maankäytöltään muusta Suomesta, metsätalouden maan osuus on pienin koko maassa (64 % maa-alasta). Erityisesti etelässä on viljelysmaiden osuus maa-alasta suuri. Silti metsätaloudella on tärkeä merkitys alueen elinkeinoelämälle. Metsäteollisuuden lisääntymien alueella lisää metsätalouden merkitystä.
Valtakunnan metsien 9. inventointiin perustuvat hakkuumahdollisuusarviot vuosille 1998–2027 Lounais-Suomen metsäkeskuksen alueella
Authors: Nuutinen Tuula , Hirvelä Hannu
Published: February 2017

Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää Lounais-Suomen metsäkeskuksen alueen hakkuumahdollisuudet vuosille 1998–2027. Hakkuulaskelmat tehtiin MELA-ohjelmistolla. Laskelmissa käytettiin valtakunnan metsien 9. inventoinnin koeala- ja puutiedoista muodostettua laskelma-aineistoa.
Muuttavatko kasvinsyöjänisäkkäät metsäkasvillisuuttamme?
Authors: Suominen Otso , Niemelä Pekka
Published: February 2017

Artikkelissa esitellään tuloksia kasvinsyöjänisäkkäiden vaikutuksista boreaaliseen metsäekosysteemiin ja pohditaan niiden mahdollisia vaikutuksia Pohjoismaissa. Viime vuosina on yhä selvemmin käynyt ilmi, että kasvinsyöjänisäkkäiden valikoiva ravinnonkäyttö voi vaikuttaa ratkaisevasti havumetsäekosysteemin rakenteeseen ja toimintaan. Kasvinsyöjät muuttavat kasvilajistoa ja sitä kautta karikkeen laatua, ravinnekiertoja ja koko eliöyhteisöä. Toisaalta ravintokasvivalikoiman ja ravinnon määrän muutokset vaikuttavat eläinten ravinnonvalintaan. Kasvilajin yksilömäärän vähetessä sen häviämisen riski kasvaa, koska jäljellä olevien kasviyksilöiden syödyksi tulemisen todennäköisyys kasvaa. Ihmistoiminta muuttaa sekä kasvillisuutta että eläinkantoja mm. metsästyksen, metsätalouden, saasteiden ja ilmastonmuutosten kautta. Hirvieläinkannat ovat Suomessa ja Ruotsissa olleet 1970-luvulta lähtien tasolla, jolla ekosysteemivaikutuksia on Pohjois-Amerikassa havaittu. Peltojen metsittäminen ja lehtipuiden suosion kasvu ovat lisänneet myös myyrien aiheuttamaa vahinkoa metsätaloudelle. Nisäkkäiden ja eri kasvilajien lukumääräsuhteista riippuen voivat eläimet joko parantaa tai huonontaa maaperän ravinteikkuutta sekä kasviston ja eläimistön monimuotoisuutta. Eri tekijät vaikuttavat toisiinsa ja voivat yhdessä muuttaa metsäluontoamme tavalla, jota on vaikea ennustaa ilman kokeellista tutkimusta.
Yksinkertaisen heiluntamallin soveltuvuus traktorin esteenylityksen kuvaukseen
Authors: Saarilahti Martti
Published: February 2017

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan yksinkertaisten, staattisten, tasogeometristen mallien soveltuvuutta traktorin heilunnan mallittamiseen. Maataloustraktorin taka-akselin heiluntaa mitattiin maastokokeissa ajamalla eri nopeuksilla kolmen eri korkuisen kiven yli. Kokeessa vaihdeltiin myös rengaspainetta. Ylitys videoitiin, ja videokuvalta määriteltiin akselin liikerata. Mitatut ja yksinkertaisilla tasomalleilla lasketut heilunnat olivat lähellä toisiaan, ja akselin liikerata noudatti teoreettista mallia noin nopeuteen 1,5 m/s saakka. Suuremmilla nopeuksilla renkaaseen kohdistuvat dynaamiset kuormat tulevat merkittäviksi, jolloin staattisten mallien soveltuvuus huononee. Mallilla laskettu akselin kiihtyvyys on samaa luokkaa kuin mitattu, ja mallin antama informaatio esteen muodon ja korkeuden vaikutuksesta vastaa hyvin havaittua. Heilunnan mallituksen kehittämistä kannattaa jatkaa, koska maastokokeiden määrää voidaan oleellisesti pienentää.
Pensaskarpalon viljely, rikkakasvisukkessio ja rikkakasvillisuuden torjunta turvetuotannosta vapautuneella suolla
Authors: Kieksi Juha , Salo Kauko
Published: February 2017

Käytöstä poistuneelle turvetuotantoalueelle istutettiin pensaskarpalopistokkaita (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) 3,8 hehtaarin alueelle keväällä 1991. Pensaskarpaloviljelmällä tutkittiin karpaloiden kasvua, kasvuominaisuuksia ja selviytymistä talvesta sekä rikkakasvisukkessiota v. 1992–1994. Vuosina 1993–1994 tutkittiin myös pensaskarpalon rikkakasvien torjuntaan soveltuvia kasvinsuojeluaineita. Pensaskarpaloviljelmän rikkakasvisukkessio oli nopeaa. Vuonna 1992 alueella tavattiin 27 ja v. 1994 31 rikkakasvilajia. Yleisimmät lajit olivat ojanukkasammal (Dicranella cerviculata), karhunsammalet (Polytrichum spp.), hietakastikka (Calamagrostis epigejos) sekä vihvilät (Juncus spp.). Vuoden 1992 keväällä putkilokasvien peittävyys oli 4 % ja syksyllä 16 %. Sammalten peittävyys oli ojanukkasammalta lukuunottamatta v. 1992 noin 1 % ja v. 1994 yli 50 %.
Valtakunnan metsien 9. inventointiin perustuvat hakkuumahdollisuusarviot vuosille 1997–2027 Rannikon metsäkeskuksen alueella
Authors: Hirvelä Hannu
Published: February 2017

Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää Rannikon metsäkeskuksen alueen hakkuumahdollisuudet vuosille 1997–2027. Hakkuulaskelmat tehtiin MELA-ohjelmistolla. Laskelmissa käytettiin valtakunnan metsien 9. inventoinnin koeala- ja puutiedoista muodostettuja laskelma-aineistoja.
Alueellisten energiapuuvarojen analysointimenetelmä
Authors: Pasanen Kari , Vesterlin Veijo , Keskimölö Ari , Soimasuo Janne , Tokola Timo
Published: February 2017

Tutkimuksessa kehitettiin kuviokohtaisiin metsäsuunnitelmatietoihin, kuviokarttoihin, digitaaliseen tiestöaineistoon ja yleiskarttaan perustuva energiapuuvarojen analysointimenetelmä, jolla voidaan tarkastella teknisten ja taloudellisten rajoitteiden vaikutuksia energiapuukertymiin esimerkiksi kuntatasolla. Menetelmässä metsä- ja kaukokuljetusmatkat lasketaan paikkatietojärjestelmällä ja energiapuuvaroja analysoidaan energiapuutietokannan avulla. Tietokantasovelluksella lasketaan kuviokohtaiset energiapuukertymät ja kustannukset sekä tuotetaan yhteenvetoraportit. Kehitetyssä sovelluksessa ja esimerkkilaskelmissa tarkastellaan päätehakkuiden hakkuutähdettä, ensiharvennusmänniköistä integroidulla korjuulla saatavaa energiapuuta sekä osittain myös nuoren metsän kunnostuskohteita. Esimerkkilaskelmien aineistona oli 15 000 ha kuvioittaisia suunnitelmatietoja. Esimerkkikunnan päätehakkuiden hakkuutähteen vuotuinen kokonaismäärä oli 54 000 m, josta noin 25 000 m oli teknisesti ja taloudellisesti korjattavissa. Ensiharvennusmänniköistä voitaisiin integroidulla korjuulla saada vuosittain noin 3 600 m energiapuuta. Nuoren metsän kunnostuskohteiden energiapuupotentiaali oli noin 4 800 m vuodessa.3333
Puunhankinnan suunnittelujärjestelmät suomalaisissa puunhankintaorganisaatioissa
Authors: Meriläinen Ari , Sikanen Lauri , Harstela Pertti
Published: February 2017

Tutkimus on katsaus 13 suomalaisen puunjalostusyrityksen puunhankinnan suunnittelu-, ohjaus- ja seurantajärjestelmiin vuonna 1992. Puunhankinnan suunnittelujärjestelmiä tarkastellaan tietokoneavusteisen päätöksenteon lähestymistapojen (operaatioanalyysi, tiedonkäsittely ja tekoäly) viitekehyksessä strategisessa, taktisessa ja operatiivisessa suunnittelussa. Varsinaiset suunnittelujärjestelmät ovat tällä hetkellä tiedonkäsittelyn ja operaatioanalyysin sovelluksia. Kehittyneimmissä sovelluksissa käytetään optimointialgoritmeja. Tietojenkäsittelyssä kehittyneimmät sovellukset pohjautuvat vaihtoehto- ja taulukkolaskentaan. Hankintajärjestelmän ja johdon tietojärjestelmän kehittyneisyys korreloivat positiivisesti hankintamäärän, kuitupuuosuuden ja pystyvarannon kanssa. Hankinnan tukkipuuosuuden kanssa korrelaatio on negatiivista; toimituspaikkojen lukuisuus ei korreloi järjestelmien kehitysasteen kanssa. Tulosten tulkintaa vaikeuttaa vapausasteiden pieni lukumäärä ja muuttujien keskinäinen korrelaatio. Suurissa ja keskisuurissa yrityksissä yrityksen omista tarpeista lähtevä lyhyen aikavälin suunnittelujärjestelmien kehittämistarve tiedostetaan hyvin. Visioita tietojärjestelmien yleisestä kehityksestä ei yrityksissä yleensä ollut. Pienillä yrityksillä kehittämistarpeiden yksilöiminen ei ole erityisen selkeää.
Kunnittaiset metsävaratiedot 1990–94
Authors: Tomppo Erkki , Katila Matti , Moilanen Juhani , Mäkelä Helena , Peräsaari Jouni
Published: February 2017

Tässä artikkelissa kuvataan valtakunnan metsien 8. inventoinnin aikana kehitetty, inventoinnin maastomittauksia, satelliittikuvia ja numeerisia karttoja käyttävä monilähteinen valtakunnan metsien inventoinnin menetelmä. Artikkelissa esitetään menetelmällä lasketut tärkeimmät kunnittaiset metsävaratiedot kaikkien Suomen kuntien alueelle sekä puustoa kuvaavia teemakarttoja.
Turvemaapeltojen metsitystulos Pohjois-Savossa
Authors: Hynönen Tenho
Published: February 2017

Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin turvemaapelloille perustettujen mänty- ja kuusitaimikoiden tilaa Pohjois-Savossa. Mäntytaimikoita oli 44 kpl ja kuusitaimikoita 26 kpl. Pallekyntö ja mätästys olivat pääasialliset muokkausmenetelmät. Iältään taimikot olivat 4-, 9-, 14- ja 19-vuotiaita. Pelloista 50 oli raivattu korvista ja 20 rämeistä. Metsitysaloista 2/3 luokitettiin viljavuudeltaan mustikkaisiksi tai ruohoisiksi. Turvekerroksen paksuus oli 4/5:lla metsityskohteista vähintään 70 cm.
Metsänuudistamistöiden viivästyminen Rovaniemen metsänhoitoyhdistyksen alueella
Authors: Hallikainen Ville , Hyppönen Mikko , Vaittinen Antti
Published: February 2017

Tutkimuksessa selvitetään onko Rovaniemen metsänhoitoyhdistyksen alueella ns. uudistamisrästejä eli aloitettuja, keskeneräisiä, selvästi viivästyneitä metsänuudistamistöitä. Samalla selvitetään viivästyneiden töiden laatua ja viivästymisen syitä sekä kartoitetaan metsälautakunnan hankerekisterin ajantasaisuutta. Lisäksi kysytään kaikkien otokseen tulleiden metsänomistajien mielipiteitä metsän merkityksestä, käytännön metsäorganisaatioiden toimivuudesta ja neuvonnan tarpeesta. Perusjoukkona olivat metsänomistajat, joilla oli Lapin metsälautakunnan rekisterissä yli viisi vuotta vanha, aloittamaton tai keskeneräinen metsänuudistamishanke. Tästä perusjoukosta poimittiin 50 metsänomistajan satunnaisotos, joista 49 tavoitettua haastateltiin pääasiassa puhelimitse.
Pohjois-Savon metsäkeskuksen alueen metsävarat ja niiden kehitys 1967–96
Authors: Tomppo Erkki , Henttonen Helena , Korhonen Kari , Aarnio Alpo , Ahola Arto , Heikkinen Juha , Tuomainen Tarja
Published: February 2017

Tässä julkaisussa esitetään valtakunnan metsien yhdeksänteen inventointiin (VMI9) perustuvat Pohjois-Savon metsäkeskuksen alueen metsävaratiedot ja niiden muutokset 1967–1996 sekä analysoidaan muutosten syitä. Lisäksi artikkelissa kuvataan yleispiirteet otantamenetelmästä ja tuloslaskennasta sekä maastomittaukset niiltä osin kuin ne poikkeavat aiemmin julkaistuista Etelä-Pohjanmaan metsäkeskuksen alueen mittauksista. Inventoinnin otantamenetelmää, maastomittauksia ja tuloslaskentaa kehitettiin yhdeksättä inventointia varten. Menetelmä on kuvattu yksityiskohtaisesti Etelä-Pohjanmaan tulosjulkaisun yhteydessä.
Romantiikan ja realismin metsämaisemat. Kauniiden metsämaisemien kehityshistoriaa
Authors: Leikola Matti
Published: February 2017

Katsauksessa tarkastellaan kauniiden metsämaisemien arvostuksen muuntumista Suomessa viimeisen 200 vuoden aikana. Romantiikan tyylisuuntauksen ollessa vallitsevana 1700-luvun lopulla Suomessa matkailevat ulkomaalaiset kiinnittivät huomiota ennen kaikkea luonnontilaisiin aarnimetsiin. Viime vuosisadan puolimaissa vallassa ollut tyylisuunta muotoili vuorostaan klassisen suomalaisen kansallismaiseman: kesäisen metsä- ja järvipanoraaman, joka henki ihmisen ja luonnon välistä sopusointua.
El genocidio académico de la comparatística italiana
Authors: Scarsella (entrevista Adriana Crolla) Alessandro
Published: February 2017

Entrevista a Alessandro Scarsella
El Privilegio de Ótanes: La libertad del ciudadano en la Democracia Ateniense
Authors: Olivera Diego Alexander
Published: February 2017

Los especialistas en el mundo antiguo suelen recurrir, a la hora de definir la igualdad y la libertad del ciudadano en la democracia antigua, a la célebre definición ofrecida por Aristóteles en La Política. Pero la definición aristotélica presenta dos problemas. En primer lugar, resulta anacrónica cuando el objetivo es describir la noción de libertad ciudadana en el marco de la democracia radical del siglo V, desde la reforma de Efialtes en 462 a.C. hasta la derrota a manos de Esparta en 404 a. C. Segundo, la definición propuesta por el estagirita apunta a cuestionar la democracia radical y el gobierno popular. Un enfoque comparativo permitirá demostrar que la definición aristotélica de la libertad del ciudadano no solo es ajena a la lógica que regula la participación ciudadana en el marco de la política asamblearia, sino que se muestra sumamente deficitaria para explicar esa lógica. En contraste, el testimonio de Heródoto en III, 80–83, en el llamado debate de los persas o de las formas constitucionales, insinúa una definición de la libertad del ciudadano que se ubica en el extremo opuesto de la que ofrece el estagirita, y se ajusta mucho más a las características que presenta la actuación del ciudadano en la asamblea democrática.
María Teresa Andruetto: «soy descendiente de italianos, soy mujer, soy latinoamericana, soy del interior, soy de provincia...»
Authors: Ansó Valeria
Published: February 2017

Entrevista realizada por Valeria Ansó María Teresa Andruetto es actualmente una de las escritoras argentinas más estudiadas en el ámbito académico italiano en relación a la literatura de migración y los estudios de género. En esta entrevista indagamos acerca de la relación de la autora con la literatura italiana y con su ascendencia de inmigrantes, así como sus ideas sobre la escritura femenina y su experiencia como escritora proveniente del interior del país que, sin embargo, ingresó al circuito editorial italiano.
Impact of Mild Hypohydration on Muscle Endurance, Power, and Strength in Healthy, Active Older Men
Authors: Goulet Eric D.B. , Mélançon Michel O. , Lafrenière David , Paquin Jasmine , Maltais Mathieu , Morais José A.
Published: February 2017

Goulet, EDB, Mélançon, MO, Lafrenière, D, Paquin, J, Maltais, M, and Morais, JA. Impact of mild hypohydration on muscle endurance, power, and strength in healthy, active older men. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3414–3424, 2018—Under particular circumstances older persons may be vulnerable to developing mild chronic hypohydration. In young adults, hypohydration has been shown to impair muscle endurance, power and strength. Muscle performance declines with aging, a condition known as dynapenia. How hypohydration impacts muscle performance in older persons remains unclear. In this study, we examined this question, believing it may identify a factor exacerbating dynapenia. One-hour after having been passively exposed to heat where either a body mass loss of 1% was induced or euhydration maintained with fluid ingestion, 8 healthy, active older men (age: 68 ± 5 years) completed an exercise testing session where indices of muscle strength (30-second chair stand, grip strength, maximal isometric seated leg-press extension), endurance (seated leg-curl flexion + seated leg-press extension to exhaustion at 60% of 1 repetition maximum), and power (30-second Wingate test) were assessed. Gastrointestinal temperature before exercise testing was not significantly different from that measured before heat exposure with neither hydration regimen. Magnitude-based inferential statistics indicate that from a clinical perspective, the effect of hypohydration on 30-second chair stand (−1.0 ± 4.4%) is possibly harmful, for grip strength (−2.4 ± 4.1%), lower limbs endurance (−7.5 ± 11.2%), and anaerobic power (−3.9 ± 4.3%) likely detrimental, and unclear with respect to maximal isometric lower limb strength. Maintaining adequate hydration in older men is important, since hypohydration of only 1% body mass could impede muscle endurance, power and strength and, consequently, worsen the impact of dynapenia.
Can the Critical Power Model Explain the Increased Peak Velocity/Power During Incremental Test After Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training?
Authors: Denadai Benedito S. , Greco Camila C.
Published: February 2017

Denadai, BS and Greco, CC. Can the critical power model explain the increased peak velocity/power during incremental test after concurrent strength and endurance training? J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2319–2323, 2017—The highest exercise intensity that can be maintained at the end of a ramp or step incremental test (i.e., velocity or work rate at V̇o
2max − Vpeak/Wpeak) can be used for endurance performance prediction and individualization of aerobic training. The interindividual variability in Vpeak/Wpeak has been attributed to exercise economy, anaerobic capacity, and neuromuscular capability, alongside the major determinant of aerobic capacity. Interestingly, findings after concurrent strength and endurance training performed by endurance athletes have challenged the actual contribution of these variables. The critical power model usually derived from the performance of constant-work rate exercise can also explain tolerance to a ramp incremental exercise so that, Vpeak/Wpeak can be predicted accurately. However, there is not yet discussion of possible concomitant improvements in the parameters of the critical power model and Vpeak/Wpeak after concurrent training and whether they can be associated with and therefore depend on different neuromuscular adaptations. Therefore, this brief review presents some evidence that the critical power model could explain the improvement of Vpeak/Wpeak and should be used to monitor aerobic performance enhancement after different concurrent strength- and endurance-training designs.
A Catholic Pyramid?
Authors: Ališauskienė Milda
Published: February 2017

The pyramid of Merkinė, constructed by Povilas Žėkas in the southern part of Lithuania in 2002, began within the Lithuanian Roman Catholic milieu only to develop years later into an independent religious movement. In this article, I analyze the history and development of the pyramid in light of changes affecting religions in Lithuania during the last twenty-five years of religious liberty. I will examine the binding relationship of religion, nationalism, and resistance in Lithuania as the Pyramid of Merkinė became a place of spiritual pilgrimage, connecting the religious life of Communist and post-Communist Lithuanian society.
EJE PRIZE 2017: Hypothalamic AMPK: a golden target against obesity?
Authors: López Miguel
Published: February 2017

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular gauge that is activated under conditions, such as low energy, increasing energy production and reducing energy waste. Centrally, the AMPK pathway is a canonical route regulating energy homeostasis, by integrating peripheral signals, such as hormones and metabolites, with neuronal networks. Current evidence links hypothalamic AMPK with feeding, brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), as well as muscle metabolism, hepatic function and glucose homeostasis. The relevance of these data is interesting from a therapeutic point of view as several agents with potential anti-obesity and/or antidiabetic effects, some currently in clinical use, such as nicotine, metformin and liraglutide are known to act through AMPK, either peripherally or centrally. Furthermore, the orexigenic and weight-gaining effects of the worldwide use of antipsychotic drugs (APDs), such as olanzapine, are also mediated by hypothalamic AMPK. Overall, this evidence makes hypothalamic AMPK signaling an interesting target for the drug development, with its potential for controlling both sides of the energy balance equation, namely feeding and energy expenditure through defined metabolic pathways.
A noção de trabalho na experiência psicanalítica
Authors: Ventura Rodrigo
Published: February 2017

Resumo: A partir da pesquisa das diversas maneiras como a noção de trabalho aparece ao longo da obra freudiana, tomando como ponto de partida os termos psicanalíticos compostos com o sufixo "arbeit", que apontam principalmente para o esforço do psiquismo em lidar com o excesso pulsional, este artigo enfatiza a importância dessa noção para se pensar a experiência psicanalítica como um trabalho erótico em busca da mobilidade pulsional, da transformação subjetiva e de outros modos de ser e acontecer na vida.
Passos para uma convergência de duas teorias dialógicas do self
Authors: Michel Mariela , Andacht Fernando
Published: February 2017

Resumo: Neste artigo, nosso intuito é descrever os elementos que permitiriam aos pesquisadores reunir duas teorias diferentes, porém complementárias do self no campo da psicologia dialógica: a teoria do self semiótico - baseada no modelo triádico da geração de sentido de C. S. Peirce - e a teoria do self dialógico, baseada nos trabalhos de H. Hermans, os quais derivam das ideias do dialogismo de M. Bakhtin e de W. James. A vantagem dessa convergência teórica é argumentada através da apresentação dos componentes estruturais da semiótica triádica, incluída sua base fenomenológica e sua afinidade com os conceitos centrais da teoria do self dialógico. Discutimos um caso no qual o diálogo interno de uma pessoa com uma dúvida importante sobre sua vida é observado através de um método psicodramático, e assim a convergência teórica proposta é ilustrada através da manifestação de posições do eu opostas. Observou-se durante o decorrer do diálogo uma tentativa de síntese através da emergência de uma meta-posição.
CONSTRUCTING TEACHER’S SELF-ASSESSMENT OF RAPPORT BUILDING IN EFL CLASSROOM
Authors: Nova Muhamad
Published: February 2017

A good education is not only about academics, but also the positive social interaction in classroom. Therefore, there is a need to build rapport in classroom interaction. In building rapport, EFL teachers need to conduct several activities, and through self-assessment, teachers can monitor and evaluate their own teaching for professional development. However, self-assessment instrument for building rapport has not been developed yet by any researchers. To fill the needs, this study is established to construct a self-assessment for teacher in building rapport in EFL classroom. By applying design research from a curriculum perspective, the results revealed a self-assessment instrument of maintaining rapport for EFL teacher. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α = .928) of this instrument indicated high reliability and the instrument can be considered a reliable instrument to be used for the study sample. EFL teachers can do self-monitoring and self-evaluation on their rapport building in classroom interaction. Additionally, further research in investigating the effect of using this instrument in assessing teacher’s quality is required.
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTION ON ACID-BASE AND ARGENTOMETRIC TITRATIONS: A CHALLENGE TO IMPLEMENT MULTIPLE REPRESENTATION LEARNING MODEL WITH COGNITIVE DISSONANCE STRATEGY
Authors: Widarti Hayuni Retno , Permanasari Ana , Mulyani Sri
Published: February 2017

The study was conducted to map the misconception pattern of chemistry prospective teachers who learned acid-base and argentometric titration. Further, it attempts to minimize misconception through a multiple representation model of learning chemistry with cognitive dissonance strategy. The first treatment was done on acid-base titration and the second treatment on argentometric titration materials. The multiple choice test with open reasons was administered to 30 undergraduate students. The finding shows that 28.6% students have the same pattern of misconception while learning in both of the courses. After the treatment, misconception decreased to 9.5% on the first treatment, and 9.4% on the second treatment. The model was found to be suitable to decrease the misconception, but could not change the misconception into “zero misconception”, especially for microscopic and symbolic representations.
INTERTEXTUALITY AND THE HEDGING SYSTEM OF THE FILIPINO ENGINEERING STUDENTS: PRACTICES AND PEDAGOGY
Authors: Melon-Galvez Susana
Published: February 2017

Communicators must have a ‘pact’; right idea, equals the ‘right words’. Although text is taken wholly to get to the meaning, every word contributes to the message sent for a powerful effect to the receiver. For language to work, participants must therefore be in full control of the words to be used. How these words are framed or intertextualized brings the hedging system of the ESP students. To achieve precision in ESP writing is not simply done by stringing words. To effectively communicate, there are underlying principles to apply to improve constant human interaction. In order to maintain such relationship in the technical world, each participant must not totally eradicate the ‘feeling’ to get across to the meaning. The study aimed at finding out the use of hedges and the effects of task types caused by framing of ideas and whether these hedges were significant to Filipino ESP writers. Common practices were identified as well as some pedagogical implications in the writing of technical discourses. Using introspection and contextual analysis, the researcher was able to analyze hedges varying from words, phrases, to clauses. The researcher found nonsensicality in intextualizing ESP texts and had no bearing on the hedging system of the ESP writers.
Configuración de Subjetividades en la Contemporaneidad. Performance Escritural en Conversación con la Producción de la Artista Hispano-Mexicana Remedios Varo
Authors: Hernández González Edilberto de Jesus
Published: February 2017

Este trabajo reflexivo, constituye un performance escritural en torno a la producción de la artista Hispano-Mexicana Remedios Varo; aproximación que se sustenta en una perspectiva de cognición estética. Modo de relación con el conocimiento que privilegia posibilidades de encuentro sensible con el mundo que nos rodea y que comprende la vida como un movimiento constante de la energía que es aliento de los seres y densidad cósmica. El encuentro con Varo se ha construido en conversación con dos experiencias, una en Nobsa (Boyacá, Colombia); y otra, en Ciudad de México. Estas experiencias se convirtieron en claves creativas de percepción del universo subjetivo que constituye Varo y su obra artística, constituida por redes dinámicas que interconectan unos mundos con otros. El modo como se configuran las subjetividades contemporáneas, al igual que en la obra artística de Varo, los espacios y los cuerpos comprenden universos complejos, dramáticos y emocionales.
Hibridador/a
Authors: Negre Marta , Viladomiu Àngels
Published: February 2017

Les imatges que apareixen en les següents pàgines visuals han sorgit del procés de producció del cartell de Sant Jordi, encarregat per la Universitat de Barcelona.Fitxa tècnica: Obra sobre paper, impressó digital, 3 pàgines de 297 x 420 cm c/u.
Darbepoetin alfa: review in the management of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Barkate Hanmant , Kothari Jatin , Patel Himanshu , Ingale A. V. , Motlekar Salman
Published: February 2017

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant clinical problem across the world including India. The SEEK (Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney Disease) study from India reported the prevalence of CKD as 17.2%. Diabetic nephropathy, undetermined etiology, chronic glomerulonephritis and hypertensive nephrosclerosis are the common causes of CKD in India. Rising rates of diabetes and hypertension, late presentation of patients to nephrologists and limited number of nephrologists in India adds to the concerns related to management of CKD. Considering the pathophysiology of CKD, anemia is almost an inevitable complication in these patients. Untreated anemia significantly contributes to the morbidity and mortality associated with CKD. Early recognition, timely management with appropriate therapy helps to reduce the complications of anemia. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are one of the important measures for correction of anemia in CKD patients. Darbepoetin, an ESA is a valuable therapeutic option for the treatment of anemia in CKD patients and has played a vital role in enhancing anemia management. In this article we reviewed the efficacy and safety data along with key benefits and place of darbepoetin alfa in the management of anemia in CKD patients.
Evaluation of analgesic activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) in Wister rats
Authors: Jogdand Sangita , Bhattacharjee Jagruti
Published: February 2017

Background: NSAIDs like Aspirin etc. are randomly used for mild to severe types of pain but long-term and injudicious use of NSAIDs lead to a number of side effects. The present study is designed for exploring the analgesic potential of Curcuma longa Linn (Turmeric) in albino rats, which may widen the therapeutic horizon for the said agent.Methods: Ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa in the doses 100, 200 and 400mg/kg is given orally to 6 Wister rats against a control of normal saline and a standard using Aspirin (300mg/kg) and the animals were subjected to Eddy’s hot plate test at different time intervals i.e., 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after administration of the drugs and the parameters were noted.Results: The analgesic activity of Curcuma longa showed significant (p<0.05) increase in mean basal reaction time in Hot plate method when compared to the control (Normal saline). As the dose of the ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa was gradually increased from 100, 200 and 400mg/kg respectively, the analgesic activity significantly increased (<0.05). Effect of curcuma longa at a dose of 400mg/kg is found to be comparable with Aspirin.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that turmeric (Curcuma longa) has significant analgesic activities in rats.
Drug utilization study of off-label drug use in outpatient department of psychiatry: a prospective study at a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Vadher Meeta D. , Patel Kamlesh , Vadher D. K. , Parkar Sujal , Raval Chintan
Published: February 2017

Background: In the absence of standard psychiatric prescribing information, physician often use drugs in an off-label way. Many studies have been published across the globe reporting different rates of off-label use. There is currently no study based on Indian Drug Formulary.Methods: After taking permission from Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC), a prospective study was conducted among 285 patients attending Psychiatry outpatient department for the period of 4 months. Data related to demographic parameters, diagnosis of psychiatry conditions and drugs details were collected directly from the patient's medical records and entered in Case Record Form (CRF).The off-label drugs were categorized as per National Formulary of India. Multivariate binary logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of off- label drug prescribing. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 19 and chi-square test.Results: A total of 285 patients (169 males, 116 females) were included in the study with mean age of 36.54±13.91 years. Most of the patients (n=65, 22.8%) were diagnosed as schizophrenic. Out of 285 patients, 133(46.6%) received at least one off-label drug. A total 841 drugs were prescribed out of which 167(19.85%) were off-label. The drug most frequently prescribed as off-label were trihexiphenidyl HCL 29 (10.2%), clozapine 23 (8.1%) and clonazepam 13 (4.6%).Conclusions: Off label drugs used among psychiatry patients was 19.85%. The most frequently used off-label drugs was trihexiphenidyl HCL. The use of off-label drugs in psychiatric patients has been reportedly increasing which warrant national drug regulatory authorities to review and revise safe administration such drugs.
Protective effect of Picrorhiza kurroa on Alzheimer’s disease induced by aluminium chloride in rats
Authors: Reddy Somasekhar K. , A. Sudheer , M. Arunamma , P. Likitha Sree , E. Jyothirmayi
Published: February 2017

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive deterioration together with declining activities of daily living and behavioural changes. The present work is aimed to investigate the effect of methanolic extract of rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa against aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer’s disease.Methods: Wistar rats were selected in this study and were divided into 5 groups (6 each). Group I served as normal control. Group II received aluminum chloride (300mg/kg, P.O.). Group III and IV received ethanolic extract of Picrorhiza kurroa (200mg/kg, 400mg/kg, P.O. respectively) and inducing agent (AlCl3 300mg/kg, P.O.). Group V received rivastigmine (0.3mg/kg, I.P.) and inducing agent (AlCl3 300mg/kg, P.O.). The rats were given respective treatment for 20 days and behavioural parameters were determined on 20th day. After 20th day rats were sacrificed and anti-oxidant parameters, brain acetylcholinesterase content were determined.Results: Oral administration of ethanolic extract of Picrorhiza kurroa at doses 200, 400mg/kg body weight showed improve in behavioural parameters when compared to AlCl3 induced rats, showed increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and decreased levels of malondialdehyde and showed decrease in brain acetylcholinesterase content when compared to AlCl3 induced rats.Conclusions: The study clearly demonstrated the beneficial effects of Picrorhiza kurroa by improving biochemical and behavioural parameters.
A prospective comparative study of efficacy of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone combination therapy versus VAD (vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone) regimen in the treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Remya S. , Sudha M. J. , Nair Bindulatha R. , Jayakumar K. L.
Published: February 2017

Background: Lenalidomide plus Dexamethasone (Len-Dex) and VAD (Vincristine, Doxorubicin and Dexamethasone) regimen are the two common drug therapies employed in the treatment of Multiple myeloma.Objectives: To compare the efficacy of Len-Dex versus VAD regimen based on complete remission achieved with treatment in newly diagnosed cases of multiple myeloma in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala.Methods: Eighty patients (forty in each group) of newly diagnosed cases of multiple myeloma, who were willing to give the informed consent, were included in the study. Patients were allocated by the treating physician to two groups; one group was given Len-Dex (lenalidomide + dexamethasone) regimen and the other VAD (Vincristine, Adriamycin, Dexamethasone) regimen. A total of six cycles were given for both groups. Their baseline investigations and follow up investigations were collected at regular intervals, based on these values, the outcome was classified as partial remission and complete remission and the results were compared and analyzed.Results: Among the forty patients in each group, 17 (38%) on VAD regimen and 28 (62%) on Len-Dex regimen achieved complete remission. The statistical analysis was done using chi square test (χ2= 6.13, df= 1, p= 0.01) which showed statistically significant difference.Conclusions: The study showed that the efficacy of Lenalidomide-Dexamethasone (Len-Dex) combination therapy is clearly higher than that of VAD regimen among the study population. The overall efficacy of Len-Dex combination is 70% and that of VAD regimen is only 42.5%.
Pharmacovigilance of first line anti-tubercular therapy in category I patients of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Agarwal Rahul , Goel Ashok , Rai Jaswant , Kajal Nirmal Chand
Published: February 2017

Background: Study was done to determine incidence of ADR’s in sputum positive, pulmonary TB patients, on DOTS category I and to determine the effect of ADR’s on sputum conversion.Methods: Open, prospective, observational, non-comparative study conducted in the Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases, Government Medical College, Amritsar for the duration of 18 months (March 2015 to September 2016). One hundred sputum positive patients of pulmonary tuberculosis on DOTS category I, of either sex, in age group of 14 years to 65 years, were recruited and followed up during intensive phase of therapy at end of 1st and 2nd month. Causality and Severity assessment were done by using WHO-UMC causality scale and Hartwig’s severity scale respectively.Results: Out of 100 patients 84 (84%) developed one or more ADR’s and a total of 118 ADR’s occurred in our study. The most common ADR was GI upset 45(38.13%), followed by hepatitis 42 (35.59%), rash 12 (10.16%), CNS 8 (6.77%), arthritic symptoms 5 (4.23%), visual disturbance 2 (1.69%), bleeding problems 2 (1.69%), hyperuricemia 1 (0.84%) and peripheral neuropathy 1 (0.84%). Causality assessment revealed that most of ADR’s(60) were in probable category and severity assessment revealed that most of ADR’s(55) belonged to level 4 (Moderate severity). Most of the ADR’s occurred within 30 days of the start of treatment (84.74%).Conclusions: With such a high incidence of ADR’s there is a need of incorporating pharmacovigilance programme into this vital health programme for more comprehensive monitoring of tuberculosis patients on DOTS for timely prevention, detection, and management of ADR’s. This will decrease non-adherence and dropouts, and thus result in better treatment outcomes.