bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Perinatal Birth Asphyxia Among Preterm Babies in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies Protocol
Authors: Tadesse Abay woday , Dessalegn Muluken , Birara Setognal , Urmale Kusse , Biset Gebeyaw , Eshetie Sisay , Alemayehu Mekuriyaw
Published: May 2020

Background: Birth asphyxia among preterm babies accounted for nearly fifty percent of neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan African countries. This scenario has been worst in Ethiopia where every two out of three deaths attributed to birth asphyxia. Moreover, studies conducted in Ethiopia lack consistency in the prevalence and risk factors of birth asphyxia. Objective: This study aims to analyses collectively and systematically prevalence of birth asphyxia and associated factors among preterm neonates in Ethiopia. Methods: The protocol for this review is registered at PROSPERO with registration number CRD42020158224. A comprehensive search of the following electronic databases were made using: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, web science, HINARI, Cochrane library, Google Scholar and maternity & infant care databases as well as grey literature uploaded at Ethiopian Health Development Journal will be searched until June 30, 2020. The quality of studies will be assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Three reviewers will screen all retrieved articles, conduct data extraction, and then critically appraise all identified studies. All identified observational studies reporting the prevalence of birth asphyxia and associated factors among neonates in Ethiopia will be considered. The analysis of data will be done using STATA 14.0 statistical software. We will demonstrate pooled estimates and determinants of neonatal mortality with effect size and 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity among the included studies will be assessed through the Cochrane Q-test statistics and I2 test. Furthermore, publication bias will be checked using funnel plot and egger’s test. Finally, statistical significance level will be declared at a p-value less than 0.05. Discussion: the result from this systematic review will inform and guide health policy planners to invest limited resources on maternal and neonatal health. Furthermore, it will be a stimulus for future cumulative meta-analysis researchers in developing nations.
Adverse Drug Reactions in COVID-19 Patients: Protocol for a Living Systematic Review
Authors: Singh Ambrish , Hussain Salman , Mirchandani Dimple A. , Shrestha Nipun , Antony Benny
Published: May 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease with human to human transmission. The COVID-19 may present with mild, moderate, or severe illness. Currently, no proven effective therapies for COVID-19 exist and no vaccine is available. Various pharmacological treatments are currently being tested for patients with COVID-19. The current living systematic review aims to examine the definition, frequency, nature, and severity of the adverse event (AE)/ adverse drug reaction (ADR) occurring in patients with COVID-19 receiving active pharmacological treatment and to compare it against control groups where available. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central databases will be searched for studies that reported COVID-19 patients receiving treatment for infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with any pharmacological drugs such as but not limited to, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ritonavir, remdesivir, tocilizumab, pirfenidone, etc. Data pertaining to safety parameters like AEs, ADR, serious AEs, serious ADR, treatment non-response, and deterioration of illness will be captured and analysed.
Clinical Characteristics and Survival Associations of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: Does Age Matter?
Authors: Liu Mengqi , Sun Xiaoyan , Zhang Zheng , Xu Xiaowu , Yu Xianjun , Zhuo Qifeng , Ji Shunrong
Published: May 2020

Background Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) is the second most common epithelial neoplasm of pancreas. As in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, patients with different onset ages display different clinical features and prognosis, we divided pNET patients into early-onset pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (EOpNET) and typical age-at-onset pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (TOpNET) to investigate the effect of onset age on its clinical characteristics and prognosis.Methods Data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004–2015; cohort 1) and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) (2005–2018; cohort 2) retrospectively. The clinical characteristics were compared using chi-squared tests. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and overall survival were formulated by Kaplan–Meier curves.Results In total 5,368 and 330 patients’ data were included from the SEER database and FUSCC. Gender had no effect on survival in EOpNET group. Tumors locating in the tail (HR: 0.721, 95%CI: 0.63–0.83, P < 0.001) and body (HR: 0.712, 95%CI: 0.60–0.85, P = 0.001) had lower risks of death compared to tumors in the head in TOpNET group. The overall survival of EOpNET (136 (3-143) months) was better than TOpNET (85 (3-143) months) (P < 0.001) in SEER database. The results in FUSCC was similar with SEER cohort.Conclusions EOpNET group had significantly better overall survival than TOpNET though their clinical characteristics were not significantly different. In the future personalized treatment of pNET, the onset age of patients will become another important factor for guiding the treatment and prognosis.
Analysing microbiome intervention studies: Does choice of a statistical method affect biological interpretation?
Authors: Khomich Maryia , Måge Ingrid , Berget Ingunn , Rud Ida
Published: May 2020

Background

The diet plays a major role in shaping gut microbiome composition and function in both humans and animals, and dietary intervention trials are often used to investigate and understand these effects. A plethora of statistical methods for analysing differential abundance of microbial taxa exists, and new methods are constantly being developed, but there is a lack of benchmarking studies and clear consensus on the best multivariate statistical practices. This makes it hard for a biologist to decide which method to use.
Results

We compared the outcomes of a wide range of ANOVA-like statistical methods to explore to what extent the choice of method affects the biological inferences made. The comparison is based on five published dietary intervention studies representing different subjects and study designs. We found that the methods producing outputs at the community level were in agreement regarding both effect size and statistical significance. However, the methods that provided ranking of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) gave incongruent results, implying that the choice of method is likely to influence the biological interpretations.
Conclusions

We concluded that inferences at the OTU level should be made with caution, and that a combination of several statistical methods allows to interpret the outcomes with higher confidence and simultaneously account for the limitations of each method.
The association between dietary inflammatory index and gastric cancer: A case control study
Authors: Barekzai Ahmad Mujtaba , Aminianfar Azadeh , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad
Published: May 2020

Background

No report is available about diet-disease associations in the understudied region of Afghanistan. Although inflammatory potential of diet has been linked with several cancers, information about gastric cancer is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and odds of gastric cancer in Afghanistan.
Methods

In this hospital-based case-control study, we enrolled 90 newly-diagnosed cases of gastric cancer and 180 age (± 5) and sex-matched controls. All cases were pathologically confirmed gastric cancer patients, with no history of any type of other pathologically confirmed cancers. Controls were healthy individuals and relatives of patients in the hospital. Dietary assessment was done by a pre-tested food frequency questionnaire. DII was calculated based on energy-adjusted amounts of several foods and nutrients with inflammatory or anti-inflammatory potential, as introduced by earlier studies.
Results

Mean age of study participants was 54 years, of them 73% were males. After adjustment for age and sex, individuals in the highest tertile of DII were 2.47 times (95% CI: 1.31–4.66) more likely to have gastric cancer compared with those in the lowest tertile. Further adjustment for other potential confounders did not substantially affect the association; such that participants with the greatest DII had approximately 3.59 times (95% CI: 1.16, 11.02) increased odds of gastric cancer than those with the lowest adherence. Additional adjustment for BMI strengthened the association (OR: 3.75; 95% CI: 1.14–12.30).
Conclusion

We found a significant positive association between inflammatory potential of diet and risk of gastric cancer. Further studies with prospective nature are required to confirm this association.
Small-scale drinking water treatment unit of filtration and UV disinfection for remote area
Authors: Chabi Kassim , Zeng Jie , Guo Lizheng , Li Xi , Ye Chengsong , Yu Xin
Published: May 2020

People in remote areas are still drinking surface water that may contain certain pollutants including harmful microorganisms and chemical compounds directly without any pretreatment. In this study, we have designed and operated a pilot-scale drinking water treatment unit as part of our aim to find an economic and easily operable technology for providing drinking water to people in those areas. Our small-scale treatment unit contains filtration and disinfection (UV–C irradiation) stages to remove pollutants from source water. The water quality index was determined based on various parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon and bacteria. Water and media samples after DNA extraction were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq throughput sequencing for the determination of bacterial community composition. After the raw water treatment, the reduction of bacteria concentration ranged from 1 to 2 log10. The average removal of the turbidity, ammonium, nitrite, phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon reached up to 95.33%, 85.71%, 100%, 28.57%, and 45%, respectively. In conclusion, multiple biological stages in our designed unit showed an improvement of the drinking water quality. The designed drinking treatment unit produces potable water meeting standards at a lower cost of operation and it can be used in remote areas.
The effect of CO2 addition and hydraulic retention time on pathogens removal in HRAPs
Authors: Ruas Graziele , Farias Sarah Lacerda , Scarcelli Priscila G. , Serejo Mayara L. , Boncz Marc A.
Published: May 2020

The influence of CO2 addition and hydraulic retention time (5 and 7 days) on removal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus sp., Enterococcus sp., and Escherichia coli was evaluated in a system with three parallel 21 L high rate algal ponds. Both the addition of CO2 and an increase in HRT had no significant influence on bacterial removal, but bacterial removal was higher than found in previous studies. The removal was 3.4–3.8, 2.5–3.7, 2.6–3.1, 2.2–2.6 and 1.3–1.7 units log for P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Enterococcus sp., C. perfringens, and for Staphylococcus sp., respectively. Although CO2 addition did not increase disinfection, it did significantly increase biomass productivity (by ≈60%) and settleability (by ≈350%). Additionally, even at the lower 5-day hydraulic retention time, CO2 addition improves removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), total organic nitrogen and phosphorus by 97, 91, 12 and 50%, respectively.
Godność osoby umierającej powinnością moralną w medycynie
Authors: Czekajewska Justyna
Published: May 2020

W tradycji chrześcijańskiej pojęcie „godności” wynika z prawa naturalnego. Według św. Tomasza z Akwinu każdy człowiek zachowuje swoją przyrodzoną godność, ponieważ pochodzi ona od Boga. Adekwatny z tą myślą jest pogląd, że dar godności nie można nikomu odebrać. Nawet różne formy przejawu agresji i nienawiści nie są w stanie unicestwić człowieczeństwa, innymi słowy nie mogą one pozbawić człowieka tej najcenniejszej wartości. W trosce o rozwój duchowy filozofowie i teolodzy nakłaniają do postępowania zgodnie z moralnymi standardami. Czyny oparte na etycznym fundamencie uczą odpowiedzialności, dlatego są tak ważne, aby je przestrzegać. W artykule temat godności człowieka uzasadniam na przykładzie opieki medycznej nad pacjentem chorym chronicznie i terminalnie. W pracy nie tylko przedstawiam najważniejsze założenia opieki paliatywnej, ale także wyjaśniam w jaki sposób można troszczyć się o osobę umierającą, respektując przy tym jej prawa jako pacjenta, a szczególnie prawo do godnej i spokojnej śmierci.
Pedofilia we Włoszech: skala problemu, aspekty etyczne i ochrona nieletnich
Authors: Kobyliński Andrzej
Published: May 2020

W ostatnich latach rozwija się na całym świecie plaga pedofilii, która stała się nową formą niewolnictwa w wymiarze globalnym. Z jednej strony, w wielu krajach są podejmowane różnego rodzaju inicjatywy polityczne i społeczne, których głównym celem jest walka z wykorzystywaniem seksualnym osób nieletnich, z drugiej – Internet i nowoczesne technologie informatyczne dają pedofilom radykalnie nowe możliwości, gdy chodzi o kontakt z dziećmi w świecie wirtualnym czy dystrybucję materiałów pedopornograficznych. Włochy są jednym z wielu państw, w których pedofilia stała się ostatnio przedmiotem żywego zainteresowania opinii publicznej. Głównym celem badań podjętych w tym artykule jest analiza przyczyn i specyfiki wykorzystywania seksualnego dzieci w kraju nad Tybrem oraz ukazanie najważniejszych aspektów etycznych tego zjawiska.
New Spirocyclic Hydroxamic Acids as Effective Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: Neganova Margarita E. , Klochkov Sergey G. , Aleksandrova Yulia R. , Osipov Vasily N. , Avdeev Dmitry V. , Pukhov Sergey A. , Gromyko Alexandr V. , Aliev Gjumrakch
Published: May 2020

Aims:

The main goal of this work is to synthesize new original spirocyclic hydroxamic acids, investigate
their cytotoxicity against the panel of tumor cell lines and possible mechanism of action of these active
compounds.

Background:

Hydroxamic acids are one of the promising classes of chemical compounds with proven potential
anticancer properties. This is manifested in the presence of metal chelating and antioxidant activities, the ability
to inhibit histone deacetylase enzymes and a chemosensitizing effect against well known cytostatics.

Objective:

Original spirocyclic hydroxamic acids were synthesized and spectra of their antiproliferative activities
were investigated.

Methods:

The cytotoxic activities on different tumor lines (SH-SY5Y, HeLa and healthy cells HEK-293) were
investigated and determined possible underlying mechanisms of their activity.

Result:

New original spirocyclic hydroxamic acids were synthesized. These compounds exhibit antiproliferative
properties against various tumor cultures cells and also exhibit antioxidant activity, a depolarizing effect on the
mitochondrial membrane, inhibit the activity of the histone deacetylase enzyme, and also decrease of basal
glycolysis and glycolytic capacity reserve of HeLa and SH-SY5Y tumor cell lines.

Conclusion:

The most promising are compounds 5j-l containing two chlorine atoms as substituents in the
quinazoline part of the molecule and hydroxamate function. Therefore, these compounds can be considered as
hit compounds for the development on their basis multi-target anticancer agents.
Előrejelzési módszerek elemzése és összehasonlítása egy kisvállalat számára
Authors: Törő Lilla , Pusztai László
Published: May 2020

Az előrejelzési módszerek alkalmazása alapvető elem egy vállalat hosszútávú nyereséges működéséhez, amelyre jellemzően nem fordítanak kellő figyelmet a cégek. A kutatásban egy esettanulmányon keresztül mutatjuk be egy kereskedelemmel foglalkozó vállalat előrejelzését. Célunk a kutatás során egy olyan módszer megtalálása volt, amellyel pontosabban számíthatóvá, előrejelezhetővé válik a jövőben várható kereslet a cég termékei iránt, és így átgondoltabb készletgazdálkodási stratégiát kiválasztva csökkenhet a vállalat költsége. Hét különböző modellt vizsgáltunk: mozgó átlagos, és súlyozott mozgó átlagos előrejelzést különböző tagszámmal, illetve exponenciális simítást. A négytagú súlyozott mozgó átlagos előrejelzés bizonyult a legpontosabbnak, ezt követőjellel vizsgálva is helyesnek találtuk.
Sportcivilek-ellenőrzés, beszámolási sajátosságok
Authors: Szabados György Norbert , Bácsné Bába Éva , Fenyves Veronika , Bács Zoltán , Helmeczi András , Dajnoki Krisztina
Published: May 2020

Az ellenőrzés, mint vezetési funkció nem mondható egy, a vezetési szakirodalmakban különösen preferált vizsgálati témának, hasonlóan igaz ez a civil szervezetek témakörére is. Magyarországon a rendszerváltást követően intenzívvé váló nonprofit, azon belül pedig a civil szféra lényegesen meghatározóvá vált. 2017-ben a 61 151 nonprofit szervezet 15,2%-a sport cél szerinti tevékenységű, az 53 613 klasszikus civil szervezet (egyesületek és alapítványok) esetében ez az arány magasabb, 16,2%. Ezeknek a szervezeteknek különös sajátossága a támogatásokkal kapcsolatos különös összefüggés, mely a KSH aktuális adatai szerint mára támogatásfüggőséggé vált (a bevételek közel 2/3-a támogatás). Ezért válhat érzékennyé a téma, amennyiben egy szervezet ugyanis nem tud elszámolni támogatásokkal, vagy nem tud megfelelni a törvényi elvárásoknak, úgy az összefüggésben lehet a vezető ellenőrzői funkciójával, és rávilágít a civil szervezetek és az ellenőrzés összefüggésére. Tanulmányunkban az ellenőrzés mint vezetési funkción keresztül kívánjuk röviden áttekinteni a téma sajátosságait, ahol eredményeink szerint ezek a szervezetek egy jelentős része nem is igazán tud az elvárásoknak megfelelően teljesíteni.
Készletek szerepe az ellátási láncban
Authors: Balogh Antal , Lajos Attila , Kozma Tímea
Published: May 2020

Az ellátási lánc teljesítményét nagymértékben befolyásolja a szereplők készleteinek összetétele, nagysága, rendelkezésre állása. A végső fogyasztókért vívott versenyben kiemelt szerepe van a kiszolgálási színvonalnak, hiszen az ellátási láncok ugyanazokért a fogyasztókért vívnak versenyt, és a fogyasztók döntése leginkább e két tényező, mint a készlet nagyága és a kiszolgálás minőségétől függ. A tanulmány a kkv-k logisztikai problémáit feltáró kutatás része, melynek célja rávilágítani a jellemző nehézségekre, és azokra a kihívásokra, amelyek legtöbbször elkerülik a logisztikai- vagy ellátási lánc vezetők figyelmét. A fejlődő kkv méretű vállalkozások versenyképessége - ami magába foglalja a költségek nagyságát is, kapcsolódva a K+F tevékenységhez vagy vállalat növekedéshez – a lekötött tőke mértékével arányosan változhat, melynek jelentős részét képezik a készletek. A kutatásban résztvevő vállalat, a Diego Kereskedelmi Kft. készletezési politikáján keresztül kerül elemzésre a készletek összetétele, illetve a velük kapcsolatos kockázatok, illetve félreértések. A tanulmány célja továbbá a helyes megoldások elősegítése, melyhez szorosan kapcsolódik (az itt tárgyalásra nem kerülő) Lean megoldások támogató szerepe.
Mi a függvény? -középiskolásoknak tartott foglalkozás tapasztalatai
Authors: Szanyi Gyöngyi
Published: May 2020

Az EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-0002200022 „Debrecen Venture Catapult Program” keretében foglalkozást tartottunk középiskolás korosztálynak többek között abból a célból, hogy egy olyan matematikai fogalmat alakítsunk, mely nemcsak a természettudományok, hanem a műszaki tudományok művelésében is kiemelkedő fontossággal bír. Számos műszaki probléma megoldásához szükséges, hogy a tanulók birtokolják a függvényfogalom tartalmi jelentését, azaz olyan fogalomképzettel rendelkezzenek, mely kölcsönös kapcsolatban van annak definíciójával, továbbá tudjanak váltani a függvény különböző reprezentációi között. A kidolgozott foglalkozás a mindennapi életben, valamint a műszaki területeken is megjelenő kapcsolatok vizsgálatával alakítja a függvényfogalmat egyéni és kooperatív tanulási módszerrel.
A családok pénzügyi helyzetének változása Magyarországon 2000-2019
Authors: Szentesi Ibolya , Csizmásné Tóth Judit , Gáspár Andrea , Horváthné Kökény Annamária
Published: May 2020

Munkabérből élő családok pénzügyi helyzete számos tényező függvénye.  Meghatározza többek között a munkabér, a szociális támogatások, az adókulcsok alakulása, s az adható kedvezmények nagysága. Az adórendszer a magánszemélyek legnagyobb rétegét érintő részét minden évben, sőt évközben is változtatják, csökkentve ezzel a kiszámíthatóságot és az előre tervezhetőséget. Az elmúlt években az adóterhelés körüli viták során bebizonyosodott, hogy a személyi jövedelemadó kulcsát nem lehet a társadalombiztosítási járulékkulcstól elkülönítetten vizsgálni. A bruttó átlagkereset - a minimálbér illetve a garantált bérminimum emelése okán is - a vizsgált közel 20 év alatt több mint négyszeresére emelkedett. A nettó átlagkeresetnél a növekedés üteme ennél magasabb az adórendszerben történt változások miatt. A kötelezően meghatározott bér a vizsgált évek alatt majdnem közel hatszorosára emelkedett. De mennyivel lett kedvezőbb vagy kedvezőtlenebb a jövedelmi helyzete egy munkabérből élő átlagos családnak 20 év viszonylatában? A vizsgálatunk során arra keressük a választ, hogy a minimálbérek emelkedése, valamit a törvénymódosítások hatására a megélhetés milyen módon alakult.
A felsőoktatás nemzetköziesedésének történelmi vetületei, mint az innováció és a tudásáramlás történelmi példái
Authors: Kőmíves Péter Miklós
Published: May 2020

A felsőoktatás nemzetköziesedése az oktatásszervezés egyik kiemelkedő aktualitással bíró részterülete, amely megoldást jelenthet a magyar felsőoktatásban a demográfiai okokból várhatóan bekövetkező hallgatói létszámcsökkenésre. A felsőoktatás nemzetköziesedése azonban annak ellenére sem újkeletű jelenség, hogy annak népszerűsége az elmúlt évtizedek során jelentősen emelkedett, mára igen elterjedtté vált. A cikk célja, hogy bemutassa a felsőoktatás nemzetköziesedésének történelmi vetületeit, példáit szakirodalmi források és kutatás alapján.
Investigation on Double Oxide Film Initiated Pore Formation in Aluminum Casting Alloys
Authors: Gyarmati Gábor , Fegyverneki György , Tokár Mónika , Mende Tamás
Published: May 2020

The most common, and in fact, the most deleterious defects of aluminum casting alloys are the so-called double oxide films or bifilms, which have a central role in porosity formation, as they can easily unfurl and inflate into pores during the solidification of the alloys. Sr addition is generally used in the foundry industry for the modification of the eutectic Si phase of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. However, Sr microalloying usually leads to an increased pore formation tendency. As bifilms are preferred sites for pore formation, it should be expected that Sr additions have a significant effect on the number and/or the structure of double oxide films present in the melt. In this work, the relationship between Sr-concentration and the susceptibility to pore formation has been investigated through the evaluation of melt quality of melts which had different levels of Sr. The bifilm content of the melts was investigated by the analysis of K-mold specimens and X-ray computed tomography (CT) of reduced pressure test (RPT) samples. It was found that liquid alloys with a higher Sr concentration had a significantly greater tendency to pore formation, which can be explained by the presence of a larger number of bifilm defects in the liquid alloy.
Modern Applications of Aluminium Foams
Authors: Garai Flórián
Published: May 2020

The implementation of aluminium alloy foam has more and more attention. Application of closed cell aluminium foam has made an impact in automobile and aerospace applications where crash energy absorption, vibration and weight reduction are obligatory [1,2,3]. The aluminium alloy foam is an advanced lightweight material providing high strength and stiffness at relatively low density. The technological use of aluminium alloy foam is difficult with the currently available technologies. In the case of open cell aluminium foams, the most common research areas for application are heat exchanger components, filters and sound damping elements [3]. The manuscript focuses on the manufacturing techniques of the aluminium alloy foams according to the application areas. First step is the investigation of the requirements for the application: what are the loads and the circumstances and why can we use aluminium foams. Second step is the knowledge of the producing methods of the foam or the component. And the last step is the investigation of the possible testing methods.
Készségfejlesztő foglalkozás tervezése, megvalósítása és tapasztalatai
Authors: Vámosi Attila , Perge Erika
Published: May 2020

A diákok különböző készségeinek fejlesztése mind általános, mind középiskolában rendkívül fontos szereppel bír. Ennek a korosztálynak a fejlesztése játékos foglalkozások formájában hatékonyan megvalósítható. A cikkben ilyen foglalkozások pedagógiai hátteréről és tervezésének lépéseiről írunk. Bemutatásra kerül egy példa, mely az algoritmizálási készség fejlesztéséhez készült. Ezen foglalkozás megtartása során szerzett azon tapasztalatainkat is felsoroljuk, melyek hasznosak lehetnek a foglalkozás későbbi továbbfejlesztése szempontjából.
OS PARÂMETROS DE PROTEÇÃO DAS MIGRAÇÕES NO SISTEMA INTERAMERICANO DE DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: ESIS Ivette , PALUMA Thiago , SILVA Bianca Guimarães
Published: May 2020

RESUMO Objetivos: O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal atestar, sistematizar e analisar os parâmetros de proteção dos direitos humanos dos migrantes no âmbito do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos. Metodologia: Adotou-se uma abordagem de caráter histórico, teórico e bibliográfico, a partir de método qualitativo e de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Utilizou-se jurisprudências e pareceres consultivos da Corte Interamericana no lapso temporal de 1999 a 2018. Resultados: Os resultados afirmam a existência de dez parâmetros protetivos e apontam que o estabelecimento de critérios objetivos de aplicação dos parâmetros orienta a sua implementação de maneira adequada. A partir da análise realizada, constatou-se que a Corte fomenta a proteção integral e multidisciplinar do imigrante, visando protegê-lo em todos as fases migratórias, sobretudo em situações pertinentes ao continente americano como a detenção migratória, a irregularidade documental e a vulnerabilidade dos migrantes. Contribuições: A relevância deste estudo é demonstrada no contexto da multidisciplinaridade das migrações, em que a sua proteção seja integral e contemple todas as fases migratórias: desde a saída de um indivíduo do seu Estado de origem até a chegada no Estado receptor, bem como os possíveis casos de deportação, trânsito ou estadia permanente. Palavras-chave: Migração Internacional; parâmetros de proteção; Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. ABSTRACT Objective: The main objective of this article is to attest, systematize and analyze the parameters for the protection of the human rights of migrants within the framework of the Inter-American Human Rights System. Methodology: A historical, theoretical and bibliographic approach was adopted using a qualitative method and bibliographic and documentary research. The jurisprudence and advisory opinions of the Inter-American Court were used in the period from 1999 to 2018. Results:The results affirm the existence of ten protective parameters and point out that the establishment of objective criteria for the application of the parameters guides its implementation in an appropriate manner. The Court promotes the full and multidisciplinary protection of immigrants, aiming to protect them in all migratory phases, especially in situations pertinent to the American continent, such as migratory detention, documentary irregularities and the vulnerability of immigrants. Contributions: The relevance of this study is demonstrated in the context of the multidisciplinary nature of migration, in which its protection is comprehensive and includes all migratory phases: from the departure of an individual from his country of origin to the arrival in the receiving country, as well as possible cases deportation, transit or permanent stay. Keywords: International migration; standard of protection; Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
ENRIQUECIMENTO ILÍCITO, CORRUPÇÃO E OS LIMITES DO DIREITO PENAL
Authors: BECHARA Fábio Ramazzini , LIMA Priscila Luciene Santos de
Published: May 2020

RESUMO Objetivos: Visa a pesquisa, de maneira introdutória, situar a tutela de bens jurídicos pelo Direito Penal, bem como analisar a problemática do enriquecimento ilícito e sua relação com a corrupção, bem como verificar de que maneira tais situações coadunam-se com os limites de atuação estatal na aplicação do Direito Penal, traçando um paralelo entre o jus puniendi do Estado e o Direito Administrativo sancionador, bem como a forma pela qual a referida legislação adentra na dogmática jurídico-penal. Metodologia: O estudo adota o método de abordagem da revisão bibliográfica, mediante a leitura de livros, artigos científicos e a legislação. Resultados: A partir da análise realizada, implica em considerar que, a harmonização do sistema sancionatório no quadro do espaço territorial de Estados unidos por uma eficaz integração regional ou global é uma forma de garantir aos povos a concretização de uma justiça proba e uniformizada. Contribuições: Contribui de maneira singela ao trazer reflexões de cunho pragmático e que de forma simples, revela que em um Estado Democrático de Direito devem ser respeitadas as garantias constitucionais vinculadas à esta circunstância com relação às pessoas investigadas, julgadas e condenadas, sejam elas físicas ou jurídicas. Palavras-chave: Enriquecimento ilícito; corrupção; limites do Direito Penal. ABSTRACT Objectives: To situate the protection of legal assets by Criminal Law, as well as to analyze the problem of illicit enrichment and its relationship with corruption, as well as to verify how such situations are consistent with the limits of State action in the application of Criminal Law, drawing a parallel between the jus puniendi of the State and the sanctioning Administrative Law, as well as the way in which said legislation enters into the legal-criminal dogma. Methodology:The study adopts the method of approaching the bibliographic review, by reading books, scientific articles and legislation. Results: The harmonization of the sanctioning system within the framework of the territorial space of United States for an effective regional or global integration is a way of guaranteeing to the peoples the achievement of a uniform and probable justice. Contributions: Contributes in a simple way by bringing reflections of a pragmatic nature and that in a simple way, reveals that in a Democratic State of Law, the constitutional guarantees linked to this circumstance regarding the investigated, tried and convicted persons, whether physical or physical, must be respected. legal entities. Keywords: Illicit enrichment; corruption; limits; limits of Criminal Law.
A Real-Time Eating Detection System for Capturing Eating Behaviors In-the-Wild (Preprint)
Authors: Bin Morshed Mehrab , Shreeram Kulkarni Samruddhi , Li Richard , Saha Koustuv , Nachman Lama , Lu Hong , Roper Leah Galante , De Choudhury Munmun , Barbaro Kaya De , Ploetz Thomas , Abowd Gregory D.
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

This paper describes a semi-automated eating detection system that leverages Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) questions to capture contextual factors upon detecting when an individual is eating. Our validation study demonstrates the efficacy of the system by deploying it in-the-wild among college students.

OBJECTIVE

This study builds a semi-automated eating detection system that leverages Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) questions to capture contextual factors upon detecting when an individual is eating. It also demonstrates the efficacy of the system by deploying it in-the-wild among college students.

METHODS

The eating detection system was deployed among 28 college students at a US institution over a period of three weeks. The participants reported various contextual information through EMAs triggered when the eating detection system correctly detected a meal episode. The EMA questions were designed after conducting a survey study with 162 students from the same campus. Responses from EMAs were used to define exclusion criteria.

RESULTS

Among the total consumed meals, 90% of breakfast, 99% of lunch, and 98% of dinner episodes were detected by our novel eating detection system. The eating detection system showed a high accuracy by capturing 95.67% of the meals out of 1,259 meals consumed by the participants. The eating detection classifier shows a precision of 80%, recall of 96%, and F1 of 87%. We found that over 99% of the meals were consumed with distractions. Such eating behavior is considered “unhealthy” and can lead to overeating and uncontrolled weight gain. Significant portions of meals were consumed alone (54.09%) in dorm rooms or apartment housing (31.19%). Our participants self-reported 63% of their meals as healthy. Together, these results have implications for designing technologies to encourage healthy eating behavior.

CONCLUSIONS

The presented eating detection system is the first of its kind to leverage EMAs to capture eating context, which has significant implications for wellbeing research. We reflect on the contextual data that has been gathered by our system and discuss how these insights can be used to design individual-specific interventions.
Supportive Trypophobics: A Network Analysis of Trypophobia Communication (Preprint)
Authors: Meza Xanat , Koyama Shinichi
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Visual discomfort associated with clusters of holes attracted scientific attention after becoming a widely discussed topic on the Internet. Social networking sites facilitate communication among niche groups with health concerns, as well as the sharing of visual images that might cause trypophobic symptoms. Therefore, an empirical study of trypophobia related communication patterns in the internet space becomes necessary.

OBJECTIVE

Describe communication patterns in a Facebook group for trypophobia, detecting frequent topics, top contributors, and their discourses.

METHODS

Internet-based texts were analyzed through webometric methods. We detected key commenters and performed word frequency analysis, word co-occurrence analysis, and content analysis.

RESULTS

Most sampled users (41.94%) were from North America, followed by users that didn’t disclose their location (30.68%) and users from Europe (14.56%). Impactful users posted and replied more often than the average sampled users, discussing peer-reviewed science while triggering content was actively removed. A wide variety of triggers that have not been discussed in trypophobia related literature before were discussed, like the Surinam toad. Symptom management techniques focused on the mitigation of anxiety and stress, and in destroying the trigger. However, there was lack of discussion of peer-reviewed treatments, despite that a few members are also research scientists.

CONCLUSIONS

The combination of a few expert gatekeepers with many supportive amateur gatekeepers willing to understand trypophobia, and active monitoring by administrators might contribute to in-group trust and sharing of peer-reviewed science by top users. These are preliminary conditions for more engagement with researchers in diffusing and researching effective treatments for trypophobia.
Using Internet-Based Psychological Measurement to Capture the Deteriorating Community Mental Health Profile During COVID-19: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: van Agteren Joep , Bartholomaeus Jonathan , Fassnacht Daniel B , Iasiello Matthew , Ali Kathina , Lo Laura , Kyrios Michael
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is expected to have widespread and pervasive implications for mental health in terms of deteriorating outcomes and increased health service use, leading to calls for empirical research on mental health during the pandemic. Internet-based psychological measurement can play an important role in collecting imperative data, assisting to guide evidence-based decision making in practice and policy, and subsequently facilitating immediate reporting of measurement results to participants.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to use an internet-based mental health measurement platform to compare the mental health profile of community members during COVID-19 with community members assessed before the pandemic.

METHODS

This study uses an internet-based self-assessment tool to collect data on psychological distress, mental well-being, and resilience in community cohorts during (n=673) and prior to the pandemic (two cohorts, n=1264 and n=340).

RESULTS

Our findings demonstrate significantly worse outcomes on all mental health measures for participants measured during COVID-19 compared to those measured before (P<.001 for all outcomes, effect sizes ranging between Cohen d=0.32 to Cohen d=0.81. Participants who demonstrated problematic scores for at least one of the mental health outcomes increased from 58% (n=197/340) before COVID-19 to 79% (n=532/673) during COVID-19, leading to only 21% (n=141) of measured participants displaying good mental health during the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS

The results clearly demonstrate deterioration in mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Although further research is needed, our findings support the serious mental health implications of the pandemic and highlight the utility of internet-based data collection tools in providing evidence to innovate and strengthen practice and policy during and after the pandemic.
Perceptions of English Language Learners—Teacher Beliefs, Professional Development and Student Outcomes: A Literature Review
Authors: Wright Stephanie H. , Vargas Fernanda , Huber Tonya
Published: May 2020

Across America, linguistically disadvantaged youth are struggling through English language arts courses without proper support in scaffolding and/or differentiated instruction. Teachers’ beliefs affect their classroom instruction, classroom management, and classroom culture. Thus, the need for research is of utmost importance as students are being pushed through the educational system without the support or respect that they deserve. This literature review examines the connection between teachers’ attitudes and perceptions of English Language Learners (ELLs) and how these thought forms affect classroom instruction. We narrowed our focus to identify studies and analyze teachers’ perceptions while servicing ELL students, specifically Latino/a English language learners. We discerned data and various levels of teacher-student engagement based on studies centered around various levels of teacher experience, all in relation to ELLs. Further, we analyzed how professional development altered educators’ attitudes and perceptions of English language learners. The articles reviewed gave insight into teacher perceptions and how most educators felt inadequately prepared to teach those whose first language was not English. By studying teachers’ viewpoints—through qualitative and quantitative analyses—we confirmed a need for professional development that will improve not only how content is learned for an English language learner, but the relationships those students encounter as well.
Value Orientation of Introducing Social Capital in Medical and Health Services
Authors: Quanhai Yang
Published: May 2020

Introduction of social capital into medical and health services can effectively alleviate the problems of insufficient resources, poor allocation and unbalanced structure in developing medical institutions. Social capital entering medical institutions, through reasonable guidance, differentiated development and fair competition, can effectively promote optimal allocation of medical resources, improve balanced development of medical structures, continuously expand the scale and scope of medical service targets, and improve standard and effectiveness of medical services. The nature of capital is to chase profits. Therefore, after introducing social capital, medical institutions should combine and strengthen self-discipline and heteronomy supervisions, guide this part of capital to actively assume social responsibilities, to fulfill social obligations, and to serve the public, in order to ensure the medical industry to have sustainable growth.
ESTIMACIÓN PUNTUAL DE LA RELACIÓN FECUNDIDAD-LONGITUD DE GRAPTOCORIXA ABDOMINALIS (HEMIPTERA, CORIXIDAE) EN EL ESTANQUE PISCÍCOLA JORGE FACIO, ESTADO DE MÉXICO, MÉXICO
Authors: Contreras Rivero Gilberto , Arista Tapia Viridiana , Navarrete Salgado Norma Angélica , Martínez Velázquez Nadia , Abarca Ramírez Julia , Castillo Reyes Ismael , Gutiérrez Hernández Raul , Olvera Márquez Miguel , Valdés Rojas Edgar
Published: May 2020

Se analiza de manera puntual la relación fecundidad-longitud de Graptocorixa abdominalis en el estanque piscícola Jorge Facio, Estado de México. Se ubicaron tres estaciones de muestreo en la zona litoral del estanque (A, B y C) y en cada una se midió: temperatura del agua, pH, conductividad, oxígeno disuelto, alcalinidad, dureza y turbiedad. Los insectos fueron capturados con una red de cuchara de 50 X 30 cm de marco y barriendo un área de un metro cuadrado. Se analizaron en total 237 hembras: 65 de la estación A, 60 en la estación B y 112 de la estación C. El mayor número de huevecillos se registró en una hembra de 6.94 mm con 64 y el menor número de huevecillos en una hembra de 6.60 mm con un huevecillo. La mayor relación fecundidad-longitud se presentó en la estación C (F=21.803 L-0.032), seguida de la estación B (F=16.284 L0.1097) y la estación A (F=8.2802 L0.2725). La longitud promedio de G. abdominalis fue 7.65 mm y la fecundidad promedio fue 24.3 huevecillos. Se concluye que los parámetros ambientales registrados en éste periodo de trabajo en cada estación de muestreo no presentaron fluctuaciones notables pero su influencia sobre la fecundidad de G. abdominalis fue considerable.
Antifúngicos poliénicos. Mecanismo de acción y aplicaciones
Authors: Rivera-Toledo Evelyn , Jiménez-Delgadillo Alan Uriel , Manzano-Gayosso Patricia
Published: May 2020

The first compounds with specific antifungal activity were identified in the middle of the last century as a product of the secondary metabolism of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales, and their clinical use significantly diminished the morbidity and mortality associated with severe fungal infections. Many of such biosynthetic compounds are characterized by a chemical polygenic structure, with a variable number of carbon-carbon double bonds. Currently, besides polygenic antimycotics, there are other antifungal agents, such as the azole compounds, that have less toxicity in patients; however,
cases of therapeutic failure with such compounds have been documented, therefore, the use of polygenics is still the best alternative in such cases. This review presents data about the properties and applications of antifungal-polygenic compounds using amphotericin B as a model.
Key words: Amphotericin B; antifungal polyenes; ergosterol
Isquemia intestinal por trombosis mesentérica en paciente geriátrico, resuelta por intervencionismo. Reporte de caso
Authors: López Zenteno Bianca Eunice , Cornelio Rodríguez Georgina , Amador Mena Eduardo
Published: May 2020

Mesenteric thrombosis represents a vascular urgency caused by the abrupt interruption of blood flow, whether arterial or venous; clinical presentation can be nonspecific, which can represent a diagnostic challenge. According to its vascular etiology, a different therapeutic approach is required. If there is clinical suspicion or signs of peritonitis, the imaging diagnosis can support to identify the presented pathology. On this occasion, there is a clinical case of an 84-year-old http://doi.org/10.22201/fm.24484865e.2020.63.2.04 | Vol. 63, n.o 2, Marzo-Abril 2020 25 patient who goes to the emergency department for generalized abdominal pain, which led to a diagnostic imaging study, to confirm this finding. Key words: Intestinal ischemia; atherosclerosis; Mesenteric thrombosis; catheterization
Ultrasonido pulmonar en Medicina, su utilidad en la práctica clínica
Authors: Amaya Gómez Alma , Rojas Velasco Gustavo , Velasco Salas Noor de María , Carrillo Rodríguez Adrián Eduardo , Álvarez Álvarez Rolando Joel , Ramos Enríquez Ángel
Published: May 2020

Lung ultrasound has become increasingly important in the evaluation of the thorax and its pathologies. It has proved to be very useful in the evaluation of hospitalized patients, allowing doctors to evaluate and make quick decisions, as well as providing guidance for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Ultrasound has many advantages over other
studies since it can avoid transferring patients, and it is harmless, accessible and fast. In this article we will review basic concepts of lung ultrasound and its use in the diagnosis of
pathologies.
Key words: Pulmonary ultrasound; pleura; pneumothorax; pleural effusion.
How the EU supports the Bush doctrine
Authors: Zyla Benjamin
Published: May 2020

Soon after the terrorist attacks on September 11th, the Bush administration announced a new national security strategy. Soon thereafter, this strategic document was denounced in European capitals as ‘cowboyesk’ and isolationist. Particular dislike was announced about the strategy of pre-emption in domestic affairs of other states. Under this plan Washington reserved the right to send U.S. soldiers abroad to intervene in countries before they can pose a threat to the United States. In addition, many officials in Europe rejected Washington’s assertion of withdrawing from its membership in the international criminal court, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, and the Kyoto Protocol; it was perceived as a unilateralist foreign policy that rejects America’s responsibility in the world. However, what some analysts and commentators neglect to see is that the Bush doctrine also shows elements of Wilsonianism, a policy named after former U.S. President Woodrow Wilson who stood for promoting democracy, human rights, freedom and effective in international affairs. The European Union published their first security strategy a year after the U.S. published theirs. Interestingly, Brussels advocated similar strategies and concepts to the US strategy. Similarities can be see in both strategies in their messianic approach to create a better world and promote more international oder. This paper argues that despite the unilateralist tone of the current U.S. national security policy, the European strategy and its American counterpart share the same values of how to conduct and what to achieve in international affairs. Consequently, the two strategies can be seen as complementary to each other, not contradictory. The paper will first address the nature of the U.S. national security strategy before analyzing the European security strategy while making reference, in both cases, to the Wilsonian tradition of international affairs.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i2.168