bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Fluid Flows via Spectral Properties of the Koopman Operator
Authors: Mezić Igor
Published: October 2012

This article reviews theory and applications of Koopman modes in fluid mechanics. Koopman mode decomposition is based on the surprising fact, discovered in Mezić (2005) , that normal modes of linear oscillations have their natural analogs—Koopman modes—in the context of nonlinear dynamics. To pursue this analogy, one must change the representation of the system from the state-space representation to the dynamics governed by the linear Koopman operator on an infinite-dimensional space of observables. Whereas Koopman in his original paper dealt only with measure-preserving transformations, the discussion here is predominantly on dissipative systems arising from Navier-Stokes evolution. The analysis is based on spectral properties of the Koopman operator. Aspects of point and continuous parts of the spectrum are discussed. The point spectrum corresponds to isolated frequencies of oscillation present in the fluid flow, and also to growth rates of stable and unstable modes. The continuous part of the spectrum corresponds to chaotic motion on the attractor. A method of computation of the spectrum and the associated Koopman modes is discussed in terms of generalized Laplace analysis. When applied to a generic observable, this method uncovers the full point spectrum. A computational alternative is given by Arnoldi-type methods, leading to so-called dynamic mode decomposition, and I discuss the connection and differences between these two methods. A number of applications are reviewed in which decompositions of this type have been pursued. Koopman mode theory unifies and provides a rigorous background for a number of different concepts that have been advanced in fluid mechanics, including global mode analysis, triple decomposition, and dynamic mode decomposition.
Growth of Cloud Droplets in a Turbulent Environment
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W. , Wang Lian-Ping
Published: October 2012

Motivated by the need to resolve the condensation-coalescence bottleneck in warm rain formation, a significant number of studies have emerged in the past 15 years concerning the growth of cloud droplets by water-vapor diffusion and by collision-coalescence in a turbulent environment. With regard to condensation, recent studies suggest that small-scale turbulence alone does not produce a significant broadening of the cloud-droplet spectrum because of the smearing of droplet-scale fluctuations by rapid turbulent and gravitational mixing. However, different diffusional-growth histories associated with large-eddy hopping could lead to a significant spectral broadening. In contrast, small-scale turbulence in cumulus clouds makes a significant contribution to the collision-coalescence of droplets, enhancing the collection kernel up to a factor of 5, especially for droplet pairs with a low gravitational collision rate. This moderate level of enhancement has a significant impact on warm rain initiation. The multiscale nature of turbulent cloud microphysical processes and open research issues are delineated throughout.
Genomic (In)stability of the Breast Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Rummel Seth , Valente Allyson L. , Kane Jennifer L. , Shriver Craig D. , Ellsworth Rachel E.
Published: October 2012

The breast tumor microenvironment plays an active role in tumorigenesis. Molecular alterations have been identified in tumor-associated stroma; however, there is considerable debate as to whether the stroma is characterized by genomic instability or whether detection of chromosomal alterations reflects technological artifact rather than the true genomic content of the tumor microenvironment. Thus, breast stroma specimens from 112 women undergoing reductive mammoplasty (n = 7), prophylactic mastectomy (n = 6), or mastectomy for a breast disease (n = 99) were frozen in optimal cutting temperature medium. Allelic imbalance (AI) analysis was conducted using a panel of 52 microsatellite markers in 484 stromal specimens from 98 women, of which 92% had no detectable AI events. When compared with previously generated AI data from 77 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) stroma specimens, 42% of which harbored at least one detectable AI event, the frequency of AI in the FFPE specimens (4.62%) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that found in frozen specimens (0.45%). This comparison of AI between FFPE and research-grade specimens suggests that past reports of AI in breast stroma reflect artifact in the archival specimens caused by formalin-fixation, paraffin-embedding and tissue storage. Furthermore, SNP data were generated from a subset of 86 stromal specimens using SNP arrays and copy number alterations were identified using Partek Genomics Suite. For 95% of the specimens, no detectable copy number alterations were found and the 11 changes that were detected were small and not shared between specimens. These data, therefore, support a model in which the tumor microenvironment is genetically stable. Mol Cancer Res; 10(12); 1526–31. ©2012 AACR.
Compliance and Caregiver Satisfaction in Alzheimer’s Disease: Results from the AXEPT Study
Authors: Bernabei Roberto , Rossini Paolo Maria , Di Cioccio Luigi , Gragnaniello Daniela , Luda di Cortemiglia Emilio , Attar Mahmood , Colombo Delia
Published: October 2012

Background/Aims: According to experimental data, a transdermal application is preferred by caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients compared with oral medications. The AXEPT study compared compliance to treatment among community-dwelling patients with mild-to-moderate AD treated with transdermal application compared to oral medications and caregiver satisfaction in a real clinical setting. Methods: Data from 45 memory clinics in Italy were collected between September 8, 2010 and January 31, 2011. Compliance to treatment and caregiver satisfaction were measured using the Caregiver Medication Interview. Results: A total of 855 AD patients and their caregivers participated in the study. Nearly 80% of caregivers of patients on patch were not concerned about adherence to treatment compared with 64% of caregivers of patients on oral drugs. Among caregivers of patients on patch, 94% did not report any difficulties in remembering to administer treatment compared with 73% of caregivers of patients on oral medications. The highest level of compliance and satisfaction was reported by caregivers of patients on transdermal application. Conclusion: Caregivers of patients treated with a transdermal application appeared to be more satisfied and reported a higher level of compliance than caregivers of patients receiving anti-AD oral medications.
Highly Sensitive Troponin T in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jensen J.K. , Ueland T. , Aukrust P. , Antonsen L. , Kristensen S.R. , Januzzi J.L. , Ravkilde J.
Published: October 2012

Background: Newly developed troponin assays have superior diagnostic and prognostic performance in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), when compared to conventional troponin assays; however, highly sensitive troponin has not been evaluated in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: Highly sensitive troponin T (hsTnT) was measured daily during the first 4 days in 193 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke without overt ACS or atrial fibrillation. The patients were previously tested normal with a fourth-generation TnT assay. The patients were followed for 47 months, with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality end-points. Results: A total of 33.7% of the patients had hsTnT levels >14 ng/l following admission. Patients with increased hsTnT were older, had decreased hemoglobin levels and increased creatinine, NT-proBNP and CRP levels. hsTnT concentrations at admission were significantly higher in decedents than in survivors. After adjustment for stroke severity, C-reactive protein, age, NT-proBNP and prior heart and/or renal failure, hsTnT levels were not a significant predictor of long-term all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion: Elevated levels of hsTnT are frequently present in patients with acute ischemic stroke previously tested normal with a fourth-generation TnT assay. hsTnT did not provide additional prognostic information in these subjects.
Utilization of UV Absorbance for Estimation of Phosphate Elimination during Hemodiafiltration
Authors: Enberg Per , Fridolin Ivo , Holmar Jana , Fernström Anders , Uhlin Fredrik
Published: October 2012

Background: Phosphate is an important factor in explaining the high progress of vascular calcification among dialysis patients. Today, phosphate concentration is measured in plasma on a regular basis. The aim of this study was to find out if it is possible to estimate total removed phosphate (TRp) in spent dialysate utilizing UV absorbance during hemodiafiltration. Methods: Eleven patients were monitored online with UV absorbance at 297 nm, three times during one week each (n = 33). Dialysate samples were taken at different times during treatment and from a collection tank to chemically determine phosphate concentrations. Two mathematical models (UVIND and UVGROUP) were tested to estimate TRp with supervision by UV absorbance and compared with TRp measured in the tank (reference). Results: High correlation between UV absorbance and phosphate concentration for each single patient and lower for the whole group together was found. TRp was (mean ± SD) 30.7 ± 7.3 mmol for the reference and 30.8 ± 8.2 and 29.1 ± 5.2 mmol for UVIND and UVGROUP, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a novel possibility to estimate TRp based on linear relationship between online monitoring of UV absorbance and concentration of phosphate in spent dialysate.
Development of an Epitope-Based Competitive ELISA for the Detection of Antibodies against Tibetan Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus
Authors: Zhang Guo-Rui , Yu Rui-Song , Zeng Jiang-Yong , Zhu Yu-Min , Dong Shi-Juan , Dunzhu Luobu , Zhu Se , Duoji Ciren , Lei Zhi-Hai , Li Zhen
Published: October 2012

Aims: To develop an effective diagnostic kit, based on a competitive ELISA-based system (cELISA), for detecting serum antibody against peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Methods: Epitope peptides of the nucleocapsid (N) protein of Tibetan PPRV were synthesized chemically and injected into rabbits to prepare hyperimmune antisera. Test sera were incubated simultaneously with hyperimmune antisera and added to the wells of ELISA plates coated previously with recombinant N protein. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was employed to detect the quantity of hyperimmune antisera combined with recombinant N protein. Results: A cELISA has been developed for monitoring PPRV infections with a cutoff value of 35. Relative sensitivity and specificity values of the epitope-based cELISA were 96.18 and 91.29%, respectively, when compared with a commercial cELISA kit in a test involving 1,039 serum samples. Conclusion: We report an efficient method for preparing antibody suitable for incorporation into a cELISA that can be used routinely for the detection of PPRV antibodies in serum samples. The method eliminated the requirement for virus culture and monoclonal antibody preparation, reduced the biorisk posed by virus-dependent manipulations, and the performance of the resultant cELISA compared favorably with a commercially available cELISA kit.
Evaluation of Wave Forecasts Consistent with Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Wind Forecasts
Authors: Sampson Charles R. , Wittmann Paul A. , Serra Efren A. , Tolman Hendrik L. , Schauer Jessica , Marchok Timothy
Published: October 2012

An algorithm to generate wave fields consistent with forecasts from the official U.S. tropical cyclone forecast centers has been made available in near–real time to forecasters since summer 2007. The algorithm removes the tropical cyclone from numerical weather prediction model surface wind field forecasts, replaces the removed winds with interpolated values from surrounding grid points, and then adds a surface wind field generated from the official forecast into the background. The modified wind fields are then used as input into the WAVEWATCH III model to provide seas consistent with the official tropical cyclone forecasts. Although this product is appealing to forecasters because of its consistency and its superior tropical cyclone track forecast, there has been only anecdotal evaluation of resulting wave fields to date. This study evaluates this new algorithm for two years’ worth of Atlantic tropical cyclones and compares results with those of WAVEWATCH III run with U.S. Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) surface winds alone. Results show that the new algorithm has generally improved forecasts of maximum significant wave heights and 12-ft seas’ radii in proximity to tropical cyclones when compared with forecasts produced using only the NOGAPS surface winds.
The Function of Suffering as Portrayed in The Scarlet Letter and Reflected in Clinical Work
Authors: Donnelly Diane E.
Published: October 2012

Suffering is commonly seen as an unconscious effort to alleviate painful feelings of guilt. However, suffering also aims at averting loss of ego functions and hence loss of mental stability. This second function of suffering is discussed in the light of Freud’s observations of characters wrecked by success and Weiss’s ideas about mutual love as a threat to mental stability. Hawthorne’s portrayal of Arthur Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter (1850), biographical material about the author, material from his diaries, and material from a psychotherapy case and an analysis illustrate the function of suffering to preserve mental stability in the face of heightened success and happiness. Hawthorne, it is argued, intuitively grasped this function of suffering in his novel.
Pediatric Obesity and Depression
Authors: Benson Levi P. , Williams Ronald J. , Novick Marsha B.
Published: October 2012

Depression and obesity are important in children because they affect health in childhood and later life. The exact relationship between obesity and depression, especially in children, remains undefined. Patients and methods. Using a cross-sectional chart review design, our study looked at a weight management clinic-based sample of 117 obese children, 7 to 17 years old, to determine the relationship between absolute BMI and depression as measured by the Children’s Depression Index (CDI) while accounting for confounders, such as the child’s medical problems, physical activity, and family structure. Results. There was no correlation between depression as measured by the CDI and increasing BMI in obese children seeking weight management. However, we did demonstrate a positive correlation between depression and paternal absence and daily television/computer/video game time. Conclusions: Clinicians should encourage decreasing screen time and might consider family therapy for obese children in families that lack paternal involvement.
Parental Preference for Short- Versus Long-Course Corticosteroid Therapy in Children With Asthma Presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Williams Kelli W. , Andrews Annie L. , Heine Daniel , Russell W. Scott , Titus M. Olivia
Published: October 2012

Asthma is the most common chronic condition affecting children and a prominent chief complaint in pediatric emergency departments (ED). We aimed to determine parental preference between short- and long-term courses of oral corticosteroids for use in children with mild to moderate asthma presenting to our pediatric ED with acute asthma exacerbations. We surveyed parents of asthmatic children who presented to our pediatric ED from August 2011 to April 2012. Questions characterized each patient’s asthma severity, assessed parental preference among systemic steroid and inhaled medication delivery options for acute asthma management, and inquired about compliance, medication costs, and intention to follow up. The majority of our parents prefer the use of 1 to 2 days of steroids to 5 days for acute asthma exacerbations in the ED. Thus, dexamethasone is an attractive alternative to prednisone/prednisolone and should be considered in the management of acute asthma exacerbations in the ED.
Close Cousins or Distant Relatives? The Relationship Between Terrorism and Hate Crime
Authors: Deloughery Kathleen , King Ryan D. , Asal Victor
Published: October 2012

Prior research has frequently drawn parallels between the study of hate crimes and the study of terrorism. Yet, key differences between the two behaviors may be underappreciated in extant work. Terrorism is often an “upward crime,” involving a perpetrator of lower social standing than the targeted group. By contrast, hate crimes are disproportionately “downward crimes,” usually entailing perpetrators belonging to the majority or powerful group in society and minority group victims. The latter difference implies that hate crimes and terrorism are more akin to distant relatives than close cousins. These divergent perspectives provide a backdrop for the present research, which empirically investigates the association between hate crimes and terrorism. In doing so, we contribute to prior work on hate crimes and terrorism by emphasizing the temporal association between these behaviors and by empirically investigating the potential for one kind of violent event to trigger another kind of violence. Time-series analyses of weekly and daily data on terrorism and hate crimes committed in the United States between 1992 and 2008 reveal three primary conclusions. First, we find no evidence to suggest that hate crimes are a precursor to future terrorism. Second, hate crimes are often perpetrated in response to terrorist acts. Third, the latter association is particularly strong for hate crimes perpetrated against minority groups after a non-right-wing terrorist attack, particularly attacks on symbols of core American ideals, indicating that some hate crimes may essentially constitute expressions of retaliation.
Kidnapping by Terrorist Groups, 1970-2010
Authors: Forest James J. F.
Published: October 2012

This article examines whether a terrorist group’s ideology has a meaningful impact on its involvement in kidnapping. On a global level, incident data (1970-2010) indicate that in the past decade the number of kidnappings by terrorist groups has increased, while Muslim extremists have replaced left-wing/Marxist revolutionaries as the world’s leading kidnappers. However, when we incorporate data about the attributes of terrorist organizations and their operating environments, this analysis indicates that ideology does not play an important role in determining the likelihood of a group’s involvement in kidnapping. The article concludes with implications and suggested topics for further study.
Gender Differences in Environmental Values
Authors: Boeve-de Pauw Jelle , Jacobs Karen , Van Petegem Peter
Published: October 2012

Increasingly, researchers are focusing on the study of environmental values of young people. Indeed, it is today’s youth who will be the decision makers in the future. Attention has turned to explaining individual differences in this construct, and many authors have illustrated gender differences. The current study ( N = 1,285, 10- to 12-year-olds) compares results of a classical analytical approach to quantifying such differences (independent samples t tests) with one of measurement and structural invariance across genders. The essential difference between the two is that whereas the latter controls for differential item functioning across gender, the first does not. The results show that whereas gender differences in utilization values occur when applying a classic analytical approach, they do not occur through the invariance approach. These results suggest that other studies that demonstrated gender differences might be explained by differential item functioning rather than reflect genuine differences, and might thus represent methodological artifacts.
To leave or not to leave: When receiving interpersonal citizenship behavior influences an employee’s turnover intention
Authors: Regts Gerdien , Molleman Eric
Published: October 2012

Given that few studies have examined relational bases for voluntary employee turnover, the purpose of the article is to examine whether work relationships explain employee turnover intention. Adopting a social relational perspective on employee turnover, we investigated the effect of receiving interpersonal citizenship behavior (ICB) from coworkers on the recipient’s turnover intention. We hypothesized that the association between receiving ICB from coworkers and turnover intention would be mediated by job satisfaction and moderated by employees’ communion-striving motivation and task interdependence. We tested our hypotheses regarding moderated mediation in a sample of 149 hospital nurses. The results show that there is an indirect (through job satisfaction) and negative effect of receiving ICB on turnover intention provided communion-striving motivation and task interdependence were high, but not when these were low. This study has implications for research and offers managers insights into task situations and employee characteristics that influence the importance of receiving ICB from coworkers.
The expatriate-creativity hypothesis: A longitudinal field test
Authors: Fee Anthony , Gray Sidney J
Published: October 2012

While prior research suggests that the cognitive changes triggered by cross-cultural experiences can enhance an individual’s creative-thinking abilities, this is yet to be verified through empirical field research. We draw on schema theory, and the principle of psychological dissonance experienced during cultural adaptation, to argue that expatriates undergo wholesale cognitive changes that can lead to enhanced creative-thinking abilities. We test this hypothesis by measuring changes in the creative-thinking abilities of a sample of expatriates over the first 12 months of their placement. When compared with a control group of non-expatriates, the expatriates showed significant increases in overall creative-thinking abilities and cognitive flexibility, although not originality, elaboration, or ideational fluency.
‘Ripple’ Effects in South African House Prices
Authors: Balcilar Mehmet , Beyene Abebe , Gupta Rangan , Seleteng Monaheng
Published: October 2012

This paper analyses the ‘ripple’ effect of house prices in large-, medium- and small-sized houses of five major metropolitan areas of South Africa—namely, Cape Town, Durban Unicity, Greater Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth/Uitenhage and Pretoria—based on available quarterly data covering the period of 1966:Q1 to 2010:Q1. Following the extant literature, the issue is contextualised as a unit root problem, with one expecting the ratios of metropolitan house price to national house price to exhibit stationarity to an underlying trend value, if there is diffusion in house prices. Using Bayesian and non-linear unit root tests, besides the standard linear tests of stationarity with and without structural break, overwhelming support is found for the existence of robust ripple effects. Also factor analysis conducted suggested that ripple effects originate in Cape Town for the large housing segment and in Durban for the medium- and small-sized houses.
Assessing the Perceived Restorative Qualities of Vacation Destinations
Authors: Lehto Xinran Y.
Published: October 2012

The objective of this study was to develop a tool for assessing how and why a destination can facilitate vacationers’ recovery from mental fatigue. Using attention restoration theory as a theoretical foundation, this research developed an initial instrument for assessing the perceived restorative qualities of vacation destinations (i.e., perceived destination restorative quality [PDRQ]). A 30-item, six-factor structure of destination restorativeness was identified. The six dimensions are compatibility, extent, mentally away, physically away, discord, and fascination. The proposed PDRQ provides a baseline measure for understanding the specific restorative properties of a particular destination. The proposed PDRQ instrument can potentially be valuable to researchers and industry practitioners interested in planning, designing, and delivering optimal restorative vacation experiences. The assessment of how a tourism destination may provide restorative properties is an understudied area. This research brings much needed attention to this topic.
Self-Reported Psychopathic-Like Traits as Predictors of Recidivism in Detained Male Adolescents
Authors: Colins Olivier F. , Vermeiren Robert , De Bolle Marleen , Broekaert Eric
Published: October 2012

Few studies have examined whether psychopathic-like traits predict recidivism in detained youth. The current study investigated the predictive validity of self-report of psychopathic-like traits for official recidivism. Participants were 223 detained male adolescents from all three Flemish youth detention centers, who were assessed with the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI). Two to four years later, official information on recidivism was collected. Recidivism was defined in four ways. Neither the affective dimension nor the broader construct of psychopathy (i.e., total YPI score) was predictive of recidivism above and beyond criminal history. The behavioral and interpersonal dimensions, however, significantly added to the prediction of substance-related recidivism. Overall, psychopathic-like traits in detained adolescents assessed by means of the YPI did not convincingly predict recidivism. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Women’s Pathways to Serious and Habitual Crime
Authors: Brennan Tim , Breitenbach Markus , Dieterich William , Salisbury Emily J. , van Voorhis Patricia
Published: October 2012

Qualitative approaches for identifying and characterizing women’s pathways to crime are being augmented by quantitative methods. This study applies quantitative taxonomic methods in disaggregating a large sample of women offenders from a prison population to identify diverse pathway prototypes. An array of gender-responsive and gender-neutral factors and full criminal histories was used to characterize each pathway. Cross-sample and cross-method replication tests demonstrated the stable replication of these pathways. The identified prototypes were related to the prior literature, including Daly’s pathway models, Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy, and several prior taxonomic studies of women’s pathways. Eight reliable pathways were identified that were nested within four broad, superordinate pathway categories. Substantial links to the prior pathways literature were noted, although greater complexity was found to exist in the eight identified pathways.
Investigating the effect of nanoclay/carbon black on sulfur curing system of SBR/BR and NR/BR blends
Authors: Ghanbari Mohammad , Khorasani Saied Nouri , Talakesh Mohammad Mehdi , Farzadfar Alireza
Published: October 2012

In this study, the effect of nanoclay and carbon black on the curing system of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/butadiene rubber (BR) and natural rubber (NR)/BR blends were investigated. The dispersion of nanoclay and carbon black in blends was studied under the x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Intercalated microstructure of SBR/BR blends is more stable than NR/BR blends. The presence of carbon black did not affect the dispersion state of nanoclay in NR/BR nanocomposites. By increasing the amount of nanoclay from 0 to 9 phr, the scorch time, optimum cure time, and difference between maximum and minimum torque were reduced in both the blends.
Classification of energy consumption patterns for energy audit and machine scheduling in industrial manufacturing systems
Authors: Le Cao Vinh , Pang Chee Khiang , Gan Oon Peen , Chee Xiang Min , Zhang Dan Hong , Luo Ming , Chan Hian Leng , Lewis Frank L
Published: October 2012

To reduce energy consumption for sustainable and energy-efficient manufacturing, continuous energy monitoring and process tracking of industrial machines are essential. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to reduce the number of required sensors in process tracking by identifying the operational states based on real-time energy data. Finite-state machines are used to model the engineering processes, and a two-stage framework for online classification of real-time energy measurement data in terms of machine operational states is proposed for energy audit and machine scheduling. The first stage uses advanced signal processing techniques to reduce noise while preserving important features, and the second stage uses intelligent pattern recognition algorithms to cluster energy consumption patterns. Our proposed two-stage framework is evaluated on an industrial injection moulding system using a Savizky–Golay filter and a neural network, and our experimental results show a 95.85% accuracy in identification of machine operational states.
The Impact of CFO Gender on Bank Loan Contracting
Authors: Francis Bill , Hasan Iftekhar , Wu Qiang
Published: October 2012

Motivated by recent studies showing that female CFOs are more risk-averse than male CFOs when making various corporate decisions, the authors examine whether banks take into consideration the gender of CFOs when pricing bank loans. This article finds that in the sample, firms under the control of female CFOs on average enjoy about 11% lower bank loan prices than firms under the control of male CFOs. In addition, loans given to female-CFO-led companies have longer maturities and are less likely to be required to provide collateral than loans given to male-CFO-led companies. The results are robust to a series of robustness tests, such as a firm and year fixed-effect regression, a Heckman two-stage self-selection model, a propensity score-matching method, and a differences-in-differences approach. Overall, the results suggest that banks tend to recognize the role of female CFOs in providing more reliable accounting information ex ante and reducing default risk ex post, and grant firms with female CFOs lower loan prices and more favorable contract terms.
Not All That Glitters Is Gold
Authors: Hu Nan , Dong Yi , Liu Ling , Yao Lee J.
Published: October 2012

This article investigates the relationship between a firm’s visibility in blogspaces, termed blog exposure, and the cross-sectional stock returns. We show that blog exposure is fundamentally different from the traditional media coverage, and securities with low blog exposure earn higher returns than stocks with high blog exposure. We further illustrate that such an effect is more prominent for stocks with low institutional ownership. Contrary to traditional media coverage, the return premium associated with blog exposure cannot be explained by either the illiquidity hypothesis or the investor recognition hypothesis based on the rational-agent framework. Instead, our results suggest that blog effect can be attributed to the limited attention theory and cannot be arbitraged due to investors’ self-attribution and short-sale constraints. Our research points out the importance of blogs in information dissemination, especially for the stocks with limited attention.
The Journal of Marketing Education
Authors: Gray Deborah M. , Peltier James W. , Schibrowsky John A.
Published: October 2012

The Journal of Marketing Education ( JME) was launched almost 35 years ago. In this invited article, we review JME’s long and distinguished history. For historical perspective, we will lean heavily on the words of JME editors (including special issue editors); this focus adds context for the past and helps project the future. As a descriptive tool, we highlight key trends as they emerged over the years, and we offer a categorization rubric for simplifying cross-era comparisons. We also spotlight the most active authors over the years, note JME outstanding articles of the year, and highlight the most frequently cited articles. In presenting this historical review, we first discuss the methodology used for creating categorical areas and then present the findings for each of the four eras. We then provide an overview of each area and cross-era trend assessment. And finally, we conclude with future research directions.
Pop-up Retailing
Authors: Burgess Brigitte
Published: October 2012

Educators continually seek innovative methods by which to engage students. Kolb’s experiential learning theory was a catalyst for designing and incorporating a pop-up retail consignment store into a junior level retail promotion course. After five years of use and refinement, the project has proven to be a powerful method to engage students in the learning process. The purpose of this paper is to add to the experiential learning literature by discussing the design, implementation and evolution of this project. A content analysis is discussed along with outcomes and future plans.
Affinity for Quantitative Tools
Authors: Tarasi Crina O. , Wilson J. Holton , Puri Cheenu , Divine Richard L.
Published: October 2012

Marketing students are known as less likely to have an affinity for the quantitative aspects of the marketing discipline. In this article, we study the reasons why this might be true and develop a parsimonious 20-item scale for measuring quantitative affinity in undergraduate marketing students. The scale was administered to a sample of business majors at a midsized university. The scale developed yielded a four-factor solution: Confidence, Enjoyment, Marketability, and Importance. Using multivariate analysis of variance, we test whether there are significant differences in quantitative affinity by gender, major, internship completion, class standing, and class completion. The findings suggest that marketing majors are less likely to enjoy the quantitative aspect of their major, but on completing a marketing research course their appreciation for the importance of quantitative tools increases. Internship completion has no effect on the undergraduate marketing students’ quantitative affinity. Our study complements extant literature by providing a parsimonious scale for assessing quantitative affinity specially adapted to the marketing students and analyzing the characteristics associated with students’ scores. Suggested teaching strategies, based on the findings, are included.
Clinical correlates and diagnostic utility of osmophobia in migraine
Authors: Wang Yen-Feng , Fuh Jong-Ling , Chen Shih-Pin , Wu Jaw-Ching , Wang Shuu-Jiun
Published: October 2012

Background: Osmophobia is an under-investigated associated symptom in migraine.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical correlates and diagnostic utility of osmophobia.

Methods: Adult patients with migraine (with or without aura), probable migraine (PM), tension-type headache (TTH), and cluster headache (CH) were recruited retrospectively from our headache registration system. Migraine patients with and without osmophobia were compared. The newly proposed criteria for migraine requiring at least two of photo-, phono-, or osmophobia instead of both photo- and phonophobia were validated.

Results: In total, 2883 patients were included: 1809 migraine, 792 PM, 138 TTH, and 144 CH. Osmophobia was more common in migraine (62.2%) than in PM (33.8%), TTH (14.5%), and CH (31.3%) (all p < 0.001). Migraine patients with osmophobia scored higher on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) than those without (15.6 ± 7.6 vs. 13.3 ± 7.8, p < 0.001). The concordance in headache diagnoses between ICHD-2 (International Classification of Headache Disorders, Second Edition) and the newly proposed criteria was “almost perfect” (κ = 0.886, p < 0.001). Additionally, 16.9% of ICHD-2 PM patients were reclassified as migraine using the newly proposed criteria.

Conclusions: Osmophobia was prevalent in migraineurs, and was associated with higher HADS scores. The newly proposed criteria appear comparable to the ICHD-2 criteria, and may increase the diagnostic yield for Asian migraineurs, among whom photophobia was less common.
Specialists without Spirit, Sensualists without Heart: Psychotherapy as a Moral Endeavour
Authors: Dalal Farhad
Published: October 2012

Over the last few years I have come to question the centrality and value attributed to the ideas of ‘analysis’ and ‘interpretation’ in the psychotherapies in general and the analytic traditions in particular—ideas which draw on the prestige of the natural sciences.

The lecture develops the reasoning behind the shifts in my thinking and practice. With the help of the moral philosopher Raimond Gaita I will build on my prior thesis that the psyche is constituted by power-relations, to argue that it is also constituted by moral-relations. Gaita’s understanding of morality has affinities with Winnicott and Bowlby, and is also deeply congenial to the group analytic sensibility. I will show how these ways of thinking contribute towards the ethical constitution of our inner lives. I will then touch on some of the consequences of this way of thinking for the practice of psychotherapy (whatever the school or modality), in ways that do not entail a collapse into emotivism nor a rejection of the rational.

I conclude that because psychotherapy is a moral endeavour, it requires the therapist to take up ‘an attitude towards a soul’ (Wittgenstein) rather than that of the detached clinician, and that therapy is better described as a very particular kind of embodied conversation rather than the scientistic conceptions of ‘analysis’ or ‘treatment’.
Biodrying of municipal solid waste under different ventilation modes: drying efficiency and aqueous pollution
Authors: Shao Li-Ming , He Xiao , Yang Na , Fang Jing-Jing , Lü Fan , He Pin-Jing
Published: October 2012

Ventilation is very important during the biodrying process because it affects the biodrying efficiency and secondary pollution. In this study, three ventilation modes—intermittent negative ventilation (IN), continuous negative ventilation (CN) and intermittent positive ventilation (IP)—were used to provide the same amount of total air during biodrying of municipal solid waste (MSW). During the entire 16-day experiment, 68.4%, 68.7% and 67.2% of water contained in the initial waste was removed under IN, CN and IP trials respectively. The ratio of water loss to volatile solid loss was used to evaluate the biodrying efficiency, with values of 5.35, 5.93 and 4.82 being observed for IN, CN and IP trials respectively. The total organic carbon concentrations of the leachate generated from the biodrying of waste were as high as 25,000 mg/l, while those of the condensate were not higher than 3500 mg/l. During the entire process, the average ammonia concentrations of leachate and condensate were 1350 mg/l and 2140 mg/l respectively. From the aspect of biodrying efficiency, continuous negative ventilation was the most preferable ventilation mode for biodrying of MSW, while special care should be taken to prevent aqueous pollution if it is used in a MSW treatment plant.
Baltimore Teens and Work
Authors: Clampet-Lundquist Susan
Published: October 2012

In this article, I explore how African American teens, all of whom spent some years in high-poverty neighborhoods in Baltimore, talk about their experiences looking for work and working, including under-the-table work. I find three patterns that shape these early employment experiences. First, before males and females are legally allowed to work, their money-making opportunities are largely gender-segregated, with boys in this sample more likely to use illegal means to make money. Second, gender-segregated routines and occupations may work in favor of females. Finally, as nearly all of these households are female-headed, girls have a same-sex role model from whom they can pattern their behavior. To the extent that the mother is working, this may encourage females to work more so than males.
Estimating the Impact of the Massachusetts English Immersion Law on Limited English Proficient Students’ Reading Achievement
Authors: Guo Qian , Koretz Daniel
Published: October 2012

The large number of limited English proficient (LEP) children in U.S. schools and the uncertainty about the impact of bilingual education versus English immersion on their achievement warrant rigorous investigation of the effects of “English immersion laws.” We estimated the impact of Question 2, the Massachusetts English immersion law, and explored whether programs provided to LEP students before and after Question 2 imparted different language and reading skills. The results suggested that Question 2 had no substantial effect on third-grade LEP students’ reading achievement; there was suggestive evidence that pre- and post- Question 2 programs might attach emphasis to different subskills.
The response of the rider’s body to roll oscillations of two wheeled vehicles; experimental tests and biomechanical models
Authors: Doria Alberto , Tognazzo Mauro , Cossalter Vittore
Published: October 2012

This paper deals with a research aimed to identify the biomechanical properties of the rider’s body from laboratory tests. Special test equipment has been developed; it is a motorcycle mock up driven by a hydraulic servo-actuator that generates oscillations in the range 0.5–10 Hz. When the rider rides the motorcycle mock up, a system of sensors measures the input motion and the response of the rider’s body. The response of the rider’s body is represented in the frequency domain by means of frequency response functions: the motion frequency response function describes the lean motion of the rider’s trunk, the torque frequency response function describes the torque applied by the rider on the handlebars. The measured frequency response functions are used for identifying the parameters of lumped mass biomechanical models, which are suited to integration with the multi-body model of the motorcycle. Many experimental results are presented and discussed. Various biomechanical models are evaluated in terms of capability of reproducing the measured frequency response function. A good fitting of the motion frequency response function is achieved by means of a three-degrees-of-freedom model of the rider’s trunk, whereas a good fitting of the torque frequency response function is achieved by means of a five-degrees-of-freedom model of trunk and arms.
Premixed compression ignition combustion with various injector configurations in a heavy duty diesel engine
Authors: Jung Yongjin , Bae Choongsik , Choi Seibum B. , Shin Hyun Dong
Published: October 2012

Premixed compression ignition combustion was implemented using early injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation in a direct injection single cylinder diesel engine and was evaluated with respect to the injector configurations. A baseline injector with an injection angle of 146° and eight nozzle holes showed premixed compression ignition combustion at the injection timing of 40° crank angle before top dead centre among three distinct combustion regimes. The burn duration in premixed compression ignition combustion was shortest among the regimes. Premixed compression ignition combustion at an injection timing of 40° crank angle before top dead centre was achieved at an exhaust gas recirculation rate ranging from 0% to approximately 40%. Two different injector configurations were applied to investigate the effect of injection angle and the number of nozzle holes on premixed compression ignition combustion: one had an injection angle of 70° and eight nozzle holes and the other had an injection angle of 70° and 14 nozzle holes. These two injectors could implement premixed compression ignition combustion as well as the baseline injector under the injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation conditions. In case of both injectors with an injection angle of 70°, the indicated mean effective pressures for 8 and 14 nozzle holes increased by 26% and 11%, respectively, because of the increased fuel participating in combustion and the reduced negative work in premixed compression ignition combustion. On the other hand, the injector with an injection angle of 70° and 14 nozzle holes showed the lowest levels of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions, which decreased by 82%, 92% and 81%, respectively, in premixed compression ignition combustion. However, the nitrogen oxides emission for the injectors with eight and 14 holes increased by 82% and 68%, respectively, in premixed compression ignition combustion. Natural luminosity from an in-cylinder visualization reveals pool fire of fuel films on the base of the piston bowl when both injectors had a narrow injection angle. For the injector with an injection angle of 70° and eight nozzle holes, a more vigorous pool fire at an exhaust gas recirculation rate of 0% is attributed to a larger amount of fuel film. At an exhaust gas recirculation rate of 40%, however, the portion of unburned fuel films increased the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions, and the rest of the diffusive pool fire can increase smoke emission surviving under a lack of oxygen. On the other hand, for the injector with an injection angle of 70° and 14 nozzle holes, the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions were maintained at lower levels due to less formation of fuel film and better air utilization.
Re-entry trajectory optimization using an hp-adaptive Radau pseudospectral method
Authors: Han Peng , Shan Jiayuan , Meng Xiuyun
Published: October 2012

Aiming at increasing the convergence rate and the accuracy simultaneously, an hp-adaptive Radau pseudospectral method is presented to generate a re-entry launch vehicle’s optimal re-entry trajectory. The method determines the number of mesh intervals, the width of the each mesh interval, and the degree of the polynomial in each mesh interval iteratively until a user-specified error tolerance is satisfied. In regions of relatively high curvature, convergence is achieved by dividing a segment into more mesh intervals, while in regions of relatively low curvature, convergence is achieved by increasing the degree of the approximating polynomial within a mesh interval. Simulation results show that the optimized trajectory obtained by the method satisfies the path constraints and the boundary constraints successfully. Moreover, the hp-adaptive Radau pseudospectral method is shown to be more efficient than either a global Radau pseudospectral method or a fixed-low-order Radau pseudospectral method. The results indicate that the hp-adaptive Radau pseudospectral method can be applied for real-time trajectory generation due to its high efficiency and high precision.
Application of graph theory in hybrid control systems using state space mesh
Authors: Khanmirza Esmaeel , Yousefi-Koma Aghil
Published: October 2012

In this paper, a novel method is developed to control hybrid dynamical systems which contain both continuous and discrete dynamics. The objective of the controller is to drive the system from its initial state to the desired final state. The hybrid controller consists of two independent parts. To design the first part, the abstract controller, a regular mesh of the continuous state space is constructed. Then, a behaviour graph of the system is derived by choosing a finite family of control signals and considering the discrete dynamic of the system. Subsequent application of the Floyd–Warshall algorithm, which was originally developed to find the minimum length path in a graph, allows the abstract controller to be constructed. A new algorithm is proposed to derive the control command for the second part, which constructs a bisimulation relation and finalizes the control process. Finally, the controller is applied to a dynamic system, and the obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology.