bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A construção do humor pela polifonia e intertextualidade no vídeo "É pau, é pedra"
Authors: Cassim Fernanda Trombini Rahmen , Franceschini Bruno
Published: April 2020

Este artigo, pautado nos estudos de Bakhtin (2002) e de Ducrot (1987) teve como objetivo analisar a construção do humor por meio da polifonia e da intertextualidade no vídeo “É pau, é pedra”, do canal Porta dos Fundos. Por meio da análise do jogo argumentativo que se dá entre os personagens, compreensível no universo do humor, analisa-se a escala argumentativa dada pelos interlocutores, a qual traz a polifonia do texto: vozes que ora representam o desejo de virilidade, ora representam outros desejos sociais. O entrecruzamento de vozes ocorre em uma construção de exclusão: são questões impossíveis de serem conciliadas, pressupondo um diálogo que prevê preferências. O tamanho do pênis, nesse caso, representa a obsessão pelo papel viril. A intertextualidade inclui e exclui os leitores/telespectadores, fazendo referências intertextuais específicas. Assim como a polifonia, a intertextualidade é também geradora de humor no texto.
A (re)construção de masculinidades na sessão de grupo socioeducativo
Authors: Ferretti Vanessa Arlésia de Souza
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo discute a relação entre a participação em sessões de grupo socioeducativo (como um gênero discursivo) e a (re)construção de masculinidades de homens autores de violência contra a mulher. Para tanto, agencia o arcabouço teórico da Análise Crítica de Gêneros e analisa 12 sessões do referido grupo, em termos de horizonte temático, estrutura estilístico-composicional e funcionamento. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho etnográfico, desenvolvida ao longo de 12 meses numa cidade da região sul do Brasil. Os resultados apontam para disputas acerca dos significados da violência e a (des)naturalização desta última como aspecto constituinte de masculinidades.
HazMapper: A global open-source natural hazard mapping application in Google Earth Engine
Authors: Scheip Corey M. , Wegmann Karl W.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Modern satellite networks with rapid repeat-cycles allow for near-real-time imaging of areas impacted by natural hazards such as mass wasting, flooding, and volcanic eruptions. Publicly accessible multi-spectral datasets (e.g. Landsat, Sentinel-2) are particularly helpful in analyzing the spatial extent of disturbances, however, the datasets are large and require intensive processing on high-powered computers by trained analysts. HazMapper is an open-access hazard mapping application developed in Google Earth Engine that allows users to derive map and GIS-based products from Sentinel or Landsat datasets without the time- and cost-intensive resources required for traditional analysis. Case studies are included for the identification of landslides and debris flows, wildfire burn extents, pyroclastic flows, and lava flow inundation. HazMapper is openly-available to the public and is intended for use by both scientists and non-scientists, such as emergency managers and public safety decision-makers. It is the intent of the authors to continue to develop HazMapper with additional capabilities. Collaboration on this effort is encouraged.
Does urban form influence automobile trip frequency in Accra, Ghana?
Authors: Oppong-Yeboah Nana Yaw , Gim Tae-Hyoung Tommy
Published: April 2020

Sustainable mobility is gaining increasing attention as it is seen as an approach to effectively reduce automobile travel and simultaneously encourage other modes of travel. To this end, it is imperative that scholars provide planners and policymakers with adequate empirical evidence to enable them to make informed decisions. In this sense, this study attempts to understand how socio-demographics, urban form (town center proximity-walk accessibility and other locational characteristics), perception and satisfaction pertaining to public transport influence automobile trip frequency. It particularly employs a partial least square structural equation modelling approach with the aim of appreciating the complexities in the land use-travel behavior interaction with the aid of data from the 2012 National Household Travel Survey of Ghana. The paper finds that the main explanatory factors identified in the land use-transportation-travel behavior literature are deemed significant in the case of Accra with socio-demographics yielding the largest magnitude. Also, public transport satisfaction turns out to have a negative influence on automobile trips.
The nomenclatural history of Umbilicaria spodochroa and nomenclatural corrections in Umbilicariaceae
Authors: Davydov Evgeny A. , Ahti Teuvo , Sennikov Alexander N.
Published: April 2020

The name Umbilicaria spodochroa is currently applied to a species with an oceanic distribution in Europe and East Asia. The upper surface of its thallus is grey to dark brown, apothecia are omphalodiscs with prominent central umbilicus-like buttons. Its designated type and other
original material are referred to U. hirsuta. Conservation is required to retain this name in current use. The nomenclatural history of U. spodochroa is presented to serve as the background for its conservation. The subgeneric nomenclature of Umbilicaria is revised and
one new name (U. subg. Papillophora) is proposed to replace the illegitimate U. subg. Gyrophora. The status of many new names published by G. F. Hoffmann in his "Deutschlands Flora" (1796) is discussed and their nomenclatural validity is supported.
Occurrence of DEA1.1 in blood donor dogs in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Pereira Mariana Elisa , Rocha Marcela Natacha Aparecida , Mendonça Adriane Jorge , Almeida Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de , Canei Darlan Henrique , Sousa Valéria Régia Franco
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to assess Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA) 1.1 in donor dogs at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil, and review the relevant literature. The blood (60 samples; 1.5 mL volume, each) was collected in separate vacutainer tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and submitted for complete blood count; in addition, the samples were typed by RapidVet® based on agglutination due to specific interaction between DEA 1 antigen at the membrane surface of the erythrocyte and lyophilised murine monoclonal antibody on the test card. DEA1.1 positivity was observed in 81.6% (49 of 60) of test samples, while negative results were obtained in the remaining 18.3% (11 of 60). DEA 1.1 positive samples were comprised of 42.8% of purebred dogs and 38.3% of mixed breed dogs. With regard to sex in the DEA 1.1 positive group, 48.3% were male dogs and 33.3% were female dogs. The blood donor canine population showed high prevalence of DEA 1.1, which confirms that blood typing should be performed prior to blood transfusion in previously sensitised dogs.
Aggression in the Polish elitecombat sports’ athletes
Authors: Barczak Anna , Guszkowska Monika , Adamczyk Jakub G. , Sołtyszewski Ireneusz , Safranow Krzysztof , Boguszewski Dariusz , Sozański Henryk , Pepłońska Beata , Żekanowski Cezary
Published: April 2020

Sport’s aggression is widely discussed, but combat arts are traditionally considered as sports promoting emotional
control. The aims of this research were to determine the diff erences in competitive and general aggression
between martial arts’ athletes and controls and the relationships between aggression and athletes’ age, sports
experience, level of sportsachievement and the type of combat sports (predictable attacking and unpredictable
attacking).
Obtained results revealed signifi cant higher levels only in the total aggression in athletes, with physical aggression
(PA)in particular. The combat sports training was an independent predictor of a higher level of PA and the more titled
athletes, the less aggressive they were. A high level of competitive aggression was determined by the unpredictable
attacking combat sport.
The “Korona” Sports Club – Football and Gymnastic Beginnings of the Podgórze Sports Club
Authors: Orlewicz-Musiał Małgorzata
Published: April 2020

The centenary of the “Korona” Sports Club in Kraków is a great excuse to verify knowledge about the genesis of this
organisation, to clarify who its creator was and how he contributed to the club’s further development. The article
introduces the topic of creating the Podgórze Gymnastics Society “Sokół” and the children’s football team, which,
establishing cooperation in 1923, formed an organisational unit under the name the “Korona” Sokół Sports Club.
At fi rst, the history of T.G. (Gymnastics Society)”Sokół” in Podgórze, the beginnings of creating the infrastructure by
sports facility creators and the way the society operates, is shown. It continued to show how the young footballers
brought the team to life, under what conditions they trained, how they changed the club’s name and eventually
got the opportunity to use the sports facilities they connected with the Podgórze “Sokoł”. Two-track activity in the
fi eld of gymnastics and sport culminated in the merger of these organisational units. The work was absed created
on materials available in the Kraków and K.S. (Sports Club) “Korona” archives.
Wiisaakodewininiwag ga-nanaakonaawaad: Jiibe- Giizhikwe, Racial Homeopathy, and “Eastern Métis” Identity Claims
Authors: O'Toole Darren
Published: April 2020

While Justice Dallaire was of the opinion that it would be “easier to nail Jell-O to the wall” than draw any conclusions about the existence of a “Métis” community in Maniwaki, the Séguin affaire is nevertheless scheduled to go to trial in 2020. The lawyer for the accused in the Tremblay affaire has asked for a trial novo due to "new evidence" that has come forward. This "new evidence" is partly from Dr. Sébastien Malette's expert witness report and testimony in the Séguin affaire as well as from Guillaume Marcotte's M.A. thesis that was recently published as a monograph. Malette and Marcotte also published an article together in which they claim that a certain Marie-Louise Riel of the Gatineau region was Louis Riel's aunt and that she hid him from Canadian authorities. This article seeks to evaluate both of these claims, as well as to contextualize certain quotes from Louis Riel, Gabriel Dumont and Valéry Havard that they mobilize as further "evidence" of the existence of historical "Métis" communities in eastern Canada.
Photography and other Media at the Service of Ottoman Archaeology
Authors: Papatheodorou Artemis
Published: April 2020

From its earliest days, photography was linked to material remains of the past. Western pioneers of the medium were attracted to photographing Ottoman lands, especially the land of the Pharaohs, and the Holy Land. The Ottomans also seized upon photography themselves, turning the lens upon monuments and artefacts within their own Empire. The literature on archaeological photography in the region has focused on European travel photography, and on the upper echelons of state officialdom. This article shifts attention to Ottoman bureaucracy, and to the societal level. It discusses the relationship between photography and the daily tasks associated with the Ottoman administration of antiquities. Additionally, it looks at the ways that an important learned society, the Hellenic Literary Society at Constantinople, used photography. The article treats Ottoman archaeological photography in its own right, largely on the basis of primary material in Ottoman Turkish and Greek. The article argues that photography was a new, technologically advanced medium that - in tandem with other visual reproduction techniques - was instrumental in promoting visions of modernisation. Photography, and other visual media, helped the Ottoman state promote state centralisation and modernisation, while enhancing the Hellenic Literary Society’s civilising mission.
Saving Lost Souls or Doing Good Business? Interactions at the Russian-Kazakh Frontier and Strategies for Freeing Russian Slaves in Central Asia in the Early 19th Century
Authors: Smolarz Elena
Published: April 2020

By examining patterns of ransoming strategies, this paper generates insights about the interactions between state, economic and social actors across the Russian-Kazakh frontier in the early 19th century. Generally, first encounters across borders and boundaries include violence and invasion. Accordingly, the enslavement and subsequent ransoming of captured people represent common practices in frontier regions. Analyses of these processes illuminate the nature of interactions between different actors along the border. Securing release of slaves through ransom was a regular component of Russian foreign policy from the 16th century onwards. Imperial institutions were established for ransoming Russian Christian brothers-in-the-faith and, later, for other subjects of the Russian Empire who had been enslaved by the Ottoman Empire and Central Asian Khanates. With imperial financing, the Orenburg Border Commission (1799-1859) co-ordinated the ransoming process and developed networks for achieving the release of Russian subjects held in the Kazakh Steppe, in Khiva and Bukhara. Actors involved in these networks were of heterogeneous descent, including Russian imperial officials, Bukharian and Khivan merchants, Kazakh officials, as well as Russian agents. Drawing on archival research, this article explores ransoming networks and strategies along the Russian-Kazakh frontier and probes the motives of the actors involved.
Geschichte in Versen vermessen: Annäherung an persische historische Epen (šāhnāmas) aus dem 15.–16. Jahrhundert
Authors: Kiyanrad Sarah
Published: April 2020

Shortly after the completion of Firdausī’s Šāhnāma, historical epics in modern Persian were being written. While sharing in the tradition of šāhnāma-nivīsī, these epics deal with a more recent past. This paper maps out the characteristics of Persian historical epics by means of three examples (ʿAbdallāh Hātifī: Timurnāma and Šāhnāma-yi Hātifī; Qāsimī Gunābādī: Šāhnāma-yi Ismāʿīl). Not only during the Ilkhanid era, but also during later eras these kinds of works were actively being produced in Iran, even though they are as yet largely unexplored. The three aforementioned epics dating from the late Timurid and early Safavid periods (15th and 16th c.) shall illustrate continuities in form and content that transgress the limits of dynastic history, while at the same time acknowledging the three epics’ characteristics to be understood within their particular historical context. It will become clear then that historical epics tied together poetry and historiography consciously. For centuries, the respective authors sought to follow up on Firdausī’s opus and thus to embed the depicted ruler or dynasty/dynasties in a narrative of Iranian history, which apparently greatly appealed to their envisaged audience.
Matemáticas en los Estudios Universitarios de A.D.E.
Authors: Seijas Macías J. Antonio
Published: April 2020

Históricamente, las ciencias se han vinculado de una forma u otra al contenido y papel jugado por la matemática en su enseñanza. Así durante mucho tiempo, los estudios de ciencias e ingeniería se han caracterizado por la presencia de una fuerte carga matemática en sus planes de estudio. Por su parte, las carreras correspondientes a las denominadas ciencias sociales han mostrado una mayor variedad en cuenta a la presencia de ese contenido matemático: mientras Derecho no tiene ningún contenido matemático; Economía presenta un número importante de asignaturas vinculadas a la matemática. En este trabajo analizamos, como ha evolucionado la carga matemática de los estudios de Administración y Dirección de Empresas (A.D.E.) desde la implantación del EEES. Para ello hemos analizado algunas de las principales universidades españolas que imparten esta carrera, centrándonos en el papel de la matemática dentro de los contenidos obligatorios de los planes de estudio.
Exercise intensity to maximal aerobic speed, physical activity level and heart rate variability in postmenopausal women
Authors: Felipe de Ornelas  , Batista Danilo Rodrigues , Vlademir Meneghel  , Wellington Gonçalves Dias  , Guilherme Borsetti Businari  , Marlene Aparecida Moreno  , Charles Ricardo Lopes  , Tiago Volpi Braz
Published: April 2020

Physical inactivity is main cause of disease worldwide. Identify the physical exercise preference, resulting in increases adherence and future intention to perform physical activity. The preference of the intensity of exercise questionnaire (PRETIE-Q) is the main tool used to assess preference in physical exercise. Variables as age, body mass index (BMI), usual physical activity level (PAL), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2máx), can influence in PRETIE-Q answers. The purpose of this study was investigate if there is relation between preference for exercise intensity with maximal aerobic speed (MAS), PAL and heart rate variability (HRV) in postmenopausal women phase. Participated of study 30 subjects who answer PRETIE-Q together with analyses of MAS, PAL and HRV. Preference was large correlated with MAS (r = 0.63), PAL (r = 0.57) and HRVRMSSD (r = 0.52). Together, MAS (40.4%), PAL (10.7%) and HRVRMSSD (6.4%) explained 57.5% of the preference score. This results study allow to health professional, that prescribe physical exercise, understand that subjects with high aerobic capacity, cardiovagal modulation and usual PAL will have preference for high intensity exercise. In consequence, can increase the adherence to systematic practice of physical exercise. Conclude that preference of exercise intensity for women in postmenopausal phase is related with aerobic capacity, high HRV and physical activity level.
Activity-specific mobility of adults in a rural region of western Kenya
Authors: Floyd Jessica R. , Ogola Joseph , Fèvre Eric M. , Wardrop Nicola , Tatem Andrew J. , Ruktanonchai Nick W.
Published: April 2020

Improving rural household access to resources such as markets, schools and healthcare can help alleviate poverty in low-income settings. Current models of geographic accessibility to various resources rarely take individual variation into account due to a lack of appropriate data, yet understanding mobility at an individual level is key to knowing how people access their local resources. Our study used both an activity-specific survey and GPS trackers to evaluate how adults in a rural area of western Kenya accessed local resources. We calculated the travel time and time spent at six different types of resource and compared the GPS and survey data to see how well they matched. We found links between several demographic characteristics and the time spent at different resources, and that the GPS data reflected the survey data well for time spent at some types of resource, but poorly for others. We conclude that demography and activity are important drivers of mobility, and a better understanding of individual variation in mobility could be obtained through the use of GPS trackers on a wider scale.
Post-transcriptional regulation of several biological processes involved in latex production in Hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Leclercq Julie , Wu Shuangyang , Farinas Benoît , Pointet Stéphanie , Favreau Bénédicte , Vignes Hélène , Kuswanhadi Kuswanhadi , Ortega-Abboud Enrique , Dufayard Jean-François , Gao Shenghan , Droc Gaëtan , Hu Songnian , Tang Chaorong , Montoro Pascal
Published: April 2020

Background

Small RNAs modulate plant gene expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, mostly through the induction of either targeted DNA methylation or transcript cleavage, respectively. Small RNA networks are involved in specific plant developmental processes, in signaling pathways triggered by various abiotic stresses and in interactions between the plant and viral and non-viral pathogens. They are also involved in silencing maintenance of transposable elements and endogenous viral elements. Alteration in small RNA production in response to various environmental stresses can affect all the above-mentioned processes. In rubber trees, changes observed in small RNA populations in response to trees affected by tapping panel dryness, in comparison to healthy ones, suggest a shift from a transcriptional to a post-transcriptional regulatory pathway. This is the first attempt to characterise small RNAs involved in post-transcriptional silencing and their target transcripts in Hevea.

Methods

Genes producing microRNAs (MIR genes) and loci producing trans-activated small interfering RNA (ta-siRNA) were identified in the clone PB 260 re-sequenced genome. Degradome libraries were constructed with a pool of total RNA from six different Hevea tissues in stressed and non-stressed plants. The analysis of cleaved RNA data, associated with genomics and transcriptomics data, led to the identification of transcripts that are affected by 20–22 nt small RNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. A detailed analysis was carried out on gene families related to latex production and in response to growth regulators.

Results

Compared to other tissues, latex cells had a higher proportion of transcript cleavage activity mediated by miRNAs and ta-siRNAs. Post-transcriptional regulation was also observed at each step of the natural rubber biosynthesis pathway. Among the genes involved in the miRNA biogenesis pathway, our analyses showed that all of them are expressed in latex. Using phylogenetic analyses, we show that both the Argonaute and Dicer-like gene families recently underwent expansion. Overall, our study underlines the fact that important biological pathways, including hormonal signalling and rubber biosynthesis, are subject to post-transcriptional silencing in laticifers.
NAS MARGENS DO ENSINO MÉDIO: JOVENS DE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS EM PROCESSO DE AFASTAMENTO
Authors: Da Silva Martinez Lucas
Published: April 2020

Esta resenha tem por objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre o livro “Nas margens do Ensino Médio: jovens de escolas públicas em processo de afastamento” (2017), de Sueli Salva, Nara Vieira Ramos, Elisete Medianeira Tomazetti e Ethiana Sarachin da Silva Ramos (professoras e ex-acadêmica, respectivamente), da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, destacando as principais ideias da obra, bem como delimitando resultados e procedimentos metodológicos utilizados.
FORMAS DE EDUCAR PRODUZIDAS NAS RELAÇÕES DE SABER-PODER: OS DISCURSOS DA SAÚDE NAS REVISTAS VEJA E CARTA CAPITAL
Authors: Freitas Débora Duarte , Marocco Vanessa , Lockmann Kamila
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os discursos sobre saúde presentes em 101 exemplares das Revistas Veja e Carta Capital. Fundamentadas na perspectiva foucaultiana, usamos o biopoder para mostrar as condições de possibilidade que permitem a prática de estratégias de governamento. Na análise, a categoria do saber demonstra como as matérias se usam do saber estatístico e produzem um status de verdade às informações fornecidas, produzindo sujeitos que se curvam a tais verdades. Além disso, existe uma importante relação com o poder, onde um discurso se torna legítimo através da tomada de decisão para uma vida saudável. Conferimos que há uma produção e validação da verdade através do uso da estatística e do estímulo à ação sobre a própria vida.
Nutritional and Serum Biochemistry of the Edible Frog Hoplobatrachus occipitalis in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyibo S. O. , Akani G. C. , Amuzie C. C.
Published: April 2020

This paper investigated the proximate, minerals and serum biochemistry in Hoplobatrachus occipitalis. The proximate and selected minerals of edible frog Hoplobatrachus occipitalis were determined using standard analytical methods. The result showed that crude protein was 16.91% carbohydrate was 1.76%, crude fibre 2.85%, The fat was 4.96% ash content was 1.84% and moisture was 71.67%. The selected mineral constituent recorded showed that sodium> iron> calcium > potassium > manganese. The nutritive serum biochemistry was determined in male and female species, the results revealed that both sexes have high nutritional profile suitable for human consumption; nevertheless, the female species have higher nutritional values than the males.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Bidi Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Variety GABT 11
Authors: Gediya K. M. , Panchal Jalpa P. , Desai D. H. , Padhiyar G. M.
Published: April 2020

A field experiment was conducted at Bidi Tobacco Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand for four years from 2014-15 to 2017-18 with the objective to study the effect of organic and inorganic sources of fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of bidi tobacco variety GABT 11. Results revealed that different manures and fertilizers failed to exert their significant effect on yield of bidi tobacco variety GABT 11 during all four years and in its pooled. Green manuring every year with sunnhemp recorded significantly maximum leaf size viz. leaf length and width followed by application of FYM @ 12.5 t/ha every year. Besides, Application of 180 kg N/ha through ammonium sulphate gave significantly higher tobacco plant height over application of 180 kg N/ha through castor cake and application of 135 kg N/ha through ammonium sulphate + 90 kg P2O5/ha through single super phosphate + 135 kg K2O/ha through sulphate of potash. Maximum monetary returns with benefit: cost ratio of 2.68 accrued with treatment of 180 kg N/ha through Ammonium sulphate. Among different bulky manures, green manuring with sunnhemp every year gave maximum gross income and net income with BCR value 2.43.
Investigative Analysis of the Tensile and Impact Strengths of Hybridized Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite Materials
Authors: Madu K. E. , Nwankwo E. I. , Okoronkwo G. O. , Onyewudiala J. I.
Published: April 2020

New developments in material technology aids in the investigations, reinforcements of new materials which replaces existing materials for various applications. Among those, composite materials play an important role which is a combination of two or more materials with different physical and chemical properties. This research focused on developing an aluminium metal matrix composite (AMMC) material made by wrought aluminium alloy with various weight fractions of aluminium oxide to make five different forms of composites. In this research stir casting process was used. The reinforced composites were tested for their tensile and impact strength properties. The results show that composite with a higher percentage of aluminium oxide has high tensile and impact strength properties than other composites.
Discussion Addendum for: Convenient Preparation of 3‐Ethoxycarbonyl Benzofurans from Salicylaldehydes and Ethyl Diazoacetate
Authors: Rahaman Mizzanoor , Hossain* M. Mahmun
Published: April 2020

The benzofuran scaffold is an important heterocyclic core component found in several natural products and in polymers. Typically, 2,3‐disubstituted benzofurans are notable building blocks in many medicinal and biologically active compounds. In addition, 3‐substituted benzofurans act as anticancer agents, antitubercular agents, antimicrobial agents, antiviral agents, and anti‐inflammatory agents. This addendum discusses the preparation of 3‐ethoxycarbonyl benzofurans from salicylaldehydes and ethyl diazoacetate. It presents alternate methods to prepare 3‐alkoxycarbonyl benzofurans through four schemes: synthesis by a thallium catalyzed oxidation annulation, synthesis by a palladium‐catalyzed cyclization, synthesis by a palladium assisted CO insertion, and synthesis by a copper‐catalyzed cyclization. The addendum also provides information on the applications of the one‐pot synthetic method that has been used by the authors and by other groups in the preparation of several biologically active compounds in organic synthesis.
Preparation of (
R
)‐3‐(3,5‐Bistrifluoromethylphenyl)‐1,1′‐Bi‐2‐Naphthol
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Matsuda Atsushi , Ushimaru Tomoya , Harada* Toshiro
Published: April 2020

This article describes the procedure for synthesis of (R)‐3‐(3,5‐bistrifluoromethylphenyl)‐1,1’‐bi‐2‐naphthol. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. Chiral titanium catalysts derived from 1,1’‐bi‐2‐naphthol and its derivatives have been extensively used in the enantioselective carbonyl addition of organometallic reagents for the preparation enantioenriched chiral alcohols. The enhanced activity enabled to expand the scope of organometallic nucleophiles, including organozinc, ‐boron, ‐aluminum, ‐magnesium, and ‐lithium reagents, and reduce the amount the chiral ligands to a practical level while maintaining high enantioselectivity. The article also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
(
R
)‐
N,N
'‐Dimethyl‐1,1'‐Binaphthyldiamine
Authors: Denmark* Scott E. , Ryabchuk Pavel G.
Published: April 2020

1,1’‐Binaphthyl‐2,2’‐diamine (BINAM) based ligands represent a class of axially chiral, bidentate ligands used in asymmetric catalysis. This article describes the procedure for the synthesis of (R)‐N,N’‐dimethyl‐1,1’‐binaphthyldiamine. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. In addition to their utility as ligands, BINAM derivatives are often used as organocatalysts. The synthetic routes for BINAM derivatives typically rely on classical resolution of BINAM, followed by functionalization of the enantioenriched diamine. The article also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
Preparation of a Diisopropylselenophosphoramide Catalyst and its Use in Enantioselective Sulfenoetherification
Authors: Denmark* Scott E. , Ryabchuk Pavel , Chi Hyung Min , Matviitsuk Anastassia
Published: April 2020

Introduction of thioethers via alkene sulfenofunctionalization is a very powerful transformation, which results in a simultaneous formation of vicinal stereocenters. Despite the attractiveness of this approach the stereocontrolled transfer of sulfur groups to alkenes remains underdeveloped and, for a long time, only two examples of direct enantioselective sulfenofunctionalization were known, both employing chiral reagents in stoichiometric quantities. This article describes the procedure for the preparation of a diisopropylselenophosphoramide catalyst and its use in enantioselective sulfenoetherification. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The diastereo‐ and enantioselective intermolecular sulfenoetherification described employs a 1,1’‐binaphthyl‐2,2’‐diamine based selenophosphoramide catalyst developed in the laboratories. The article also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
Anti‐1,2,2,3,4,4‐Hexamethylphosphetane 1‐Oxide
Authors: Nykaza Trevor V. , Cooper Julian C. , Radosevich* Alexander T.
Published: April 2020

This article describes the procedure for synthesis of anti‐1,2,2,3,4,4‐hexamethylphosphetane 1‐oxide. The procedure detailed is a representative example of such a McBride synthesis that is adaptable with minor modification to a range of phosphetane targets. Using a substoichiometric amount of anti‐1,2,2,3,4,4‐hexamethylphosphetane 1‐oxide in the presence of phenylsilane represents a general O‐atom transfer system to drive the deoxygenative transformations of nitroarene substrates, including reductive cyclization and reductive C–N coupling. The optimized synthetic preparation of phosphetane provides access to decagram quantities of this useful compound. The article presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. It also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Grignard Reagents and Tertiary Amides
Authors: Gabriel Pablo , Xie Lan‐Gui , Dixon* Darren J.
Published: April 2020

This article describes the procedure for iridium‐catalyzed reductive coupling of grignard reagents and tertiary amides. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The article also describes the hazards associated with N,Ndimethylbenzamide, carbonylchlorobis(triphenylphosphine)iridium (I), dichloromethane, 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane, ethylmagnesium bromide (3.0 M in diethyl ether), diethyl ether, hydrochloric acid in dioxane (4.0 M), ethyl acetate, and methanol. The mild, yet highly active and chemoselective catalytic system formed from Vaska's complex and 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane allows reductive coupling of Grignard reagents to amides in an efficient fashion. This reaction offers a new strategy for the efficient and scalable synthesis of tertiary a‐branched amines including application in late‐stage functionalization.
Synthesis of 8‐Hydroxygeraniol
Authors: Ippoliti Francesca M. , Barber Joyann S. , Garg* Neil K.
Published: April 2020

This article describes the procedure for synthesis of 8‐hydroxygeraniol, which is a key biosynthetic precursor to all monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs). It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The article also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards. The notorious poison strychnine is just one example of an MIA that arises biosynthetically from strictosidine. Other examples including medicinally important compounds such as the anti‐cancer agent vinblastine, the antimalarial medicine quinine, and ajmalicine, used to treat high blood pressure. Two reports were disclosed in 1970, which involved the use of either levulinaldehyde or dehydrolinalool to prepare 8‐hydroxygeraniol through multistep synthetic sequences.
Cytochrome P450 metabolism mediates low‐temperature resistance in pinewood nematode
Authors: Wang Bowen , Hao Xin , Xu Jiayao , Wang Buyong , Ma Wei , Liu Xuefeng , Ma Ling
Published: April 2020

Pinewood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is a devastating invasive species that is expanding into colder regions. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying low‐temperature resistance of PWN. We identified differentially expressed genes enriched under low temperature in previously published transcriptome data using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to further validate the transcript level changes of three known cytochrome P450 genes under low temperature. RNA interference was used to validate the low‐temperature resistance function of three cytochrome P450 genes from PWN. We report that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in two cytochrome P450‐related pathways under low‐temperature treatment. Heatmap visualization of transcript levels of cytochrome P450‐related genes revealed widely different transcript patterns between PWNs treated under low and regular temperatures. Transcript levels of three cytochrome P450 genes from PWNs were elevated at low temperature, and knockdown of these genes decreased the survival rates of PWNs under low temperature. In summary, these findings suggest that cytochrome P450 metabolism plays a critical role in the low‐temperature resistance mechanism of PWN.
Amyloid‐Like Protein Aggregates: A New Class of Bioinspired Materials Merging an Interfacial Anchor with Antifouling
Authors: Hu Xinyi , Tian Juanhua , Li Chen , Su Hao , Qin Rongrong , Wang Yifan , Cao Xin , Yang Peng
Published: April 2020

Surfaces that resist nonspecific protein adsorption in a complex biological milieu are required for a variety of applications. However, few strategies can achieve a robust antifouling coating on a surface in an easy and reliable way, regardless of material type, morphology, and shape. Herein, the preparation of an antifouling coating by one‐step aqueous supramolecular assembly of bovine serum albumin (BSA) is reported. Based on fast amyloid‐like protein aggregation through the rapid reduction of the intramolecular disulfide bonds of BSA by tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine, a dense proteinaceous nanofilm with controllable thickness (≈130 nm) can be covered on virtually arbitrary material surfaces in tens of minutes by a simple dipping or spraying. The nanofilm shows strong stability and adhesion with the underlying substrate, exhibiting excellent resistance to the nonspecific adsorption of a broad‐spectrum of contaminants including proteins, serum, cell lysate, cells, and microbes, etc. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that the nanofilm can prevent the adhesion of microorganisms and the formation of biofilm. Compared with native BSA, the proteinaceous nanofilm coating exposes a variety of functional groups on the surface, which have more‐stable adhesion with the surface and can maintain the antifouling in harsh conditions including under ultrasound, surfactants, organic solvents, and enzymatic digestion.
Influence of Pore Space Hierarchy on the Efficiency of an Acetylcholinesterase‐Based Support for Biosensorics
Authors: Kohns Richard , Anders Nicole , Enke Dirk , Tallarek Ulrich
Published: April 2020

The influence of a hierarchically structured pore system of a silica sol–gel support for application as a functional component in an acetylcholinesterase‐based enzyme array, with respect to its efficiency (response time, in particular) is investigated. Careful adjustment of synthesis parameters and a novel drying method allow to prepare monolithic silica sol–gel membranes with monomodal or hierarchical pore structures. These supports enable direct comparison regarding the influence of morphological properties on maximum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) loading by a membrane and on the apparent reaction rate of the AChE‐catalyzed degradation of acetylcholine at identical enzyme loading. It is shown for the first time that the hierarchical, meso‐macroporous material is superior over the monomodal structures (of either mesopores or macropores) regarding combined functionality and transport efficiency, as reflected in the apparent reaction rates. The advantage of the mesopores in a hierarchical system is manifested in higher maximum enzyme loading than for purely macroporous material, while the presence of macropores results in less obstructed transport that for a purely mesoporous material, which in turn reduces the response time.
Surface Amorphization of Vanadium Dioxide (B) for K‐Ion Battery
Authors: Li Youpeng , Zhang Qiaobao , Yuan Yifei , Liu Haodong , Yang Chenghao , Lin Zhang , Lu Jun
Published: April 2020

Given the merits of low cost, fast ionic transport in electrolyte, and high operating voltage, potassium ion batteries (PIBs) are promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries. However, developing suitable electrode materials that can reversibly accommodate large potassium ions is a great challenge. Here, guided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is demonstrated that the strategy of interfacial engineering via surface amorphization of VO2 (B) nanorods (SA‐VO2), which results in the formation of a crystalline core/amorphous shell heterostructure, enables superior K+ storage performance in terms of large capacity, outstanding rate capability, and long cycle stability working as an anode for PIBs. DFT calculations reveal that the created crystalline/amorphous heterointerface in SA‐VO2 can substantially lower the surface energy, narrow the band gap, and reduce the K+ diffusion barrier of VO2 (B). These conditions enable enhanced K+ storage capacity and rapid K+/electron transfer, which result in large capacity and outstanding rate capability. Using in situ X‐ray diffraction and in situ transmission electron microscopy complemented by ex situ microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, it is unveiled that the superior cycling stability originates from the excellent phase reversibility with negligible strain response and robust mechanical behavior of SA‐VO2 upon (de)potassiation.
Low one‐repetition‐maximum knee extension is significantly associated with poor grip strength, female sex, and various aging‐related syndromes
Authors: Singhal Sunny , Bansal Rishav , Dewangan Gevesh Chand , Upadhyay Ashish Datt , Dwivedi Sada Nand , Chatterjee Prashun , Chakrawarty Avinash , Dey Aparajit Ballav
Published: April 2020

Objective

Muscle strength in older adults is usually measured according to grip strength, which demonstrates upper muscle strength only. In this study, we used one‐repetition‐maximum (1‐RM) knee extension as a measure of lower limb strength and assessed its relationship with grip strength and various geriatric syndromes.

Methods

One hundred outpatients over the age of 65 years were recruited from a geriatric medicine center in India. The 1‐RM knee extension was measured along with grip strength. Various geriatric conditions were measured, such as: nutrition (using the Mini Nutritional Assessment), cognition (Hindi Mental State Questionnaire), depression (5‐item Geriatric Depression Scale), frailty (Fried and Rockwood models), and osteoporosis (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan). Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria.

Results

The mean age of participants was 72.5 years with 69% of them male. Median values of 1‐RM knee extension and grip strength were 2.29 (0.5‐10.0) and 17.5 (0‐78), respectively. The 1‐RM knee extension had moderate correlation with grip strength (r = 0.491, P < 0.001). Among demographic details, only female sex (P < 0.001) was significantly associated with lower 1‐RM values. Further, after adjusting for age and sex, lower value of log10 1‐RM knee extension was found to be significantly associated with malnutrition (P = 0.001), dementia (P = 0.016), depression (P = 0.047), frailty (Rockwood: P = 0.049; Fried: P = 0.011), and sarcopenia (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The 1‐RM knee extension has only moderate correlation with grip strength. A lower 1‐RM knee extension value is significantly associated with female sex and various geriatric conditions, such as malnutrition, dementia, depression, frailty, and sarcopenia.
COVID‐19: Infection prevention and control guidance for all ultrasound practitioners
Authors: Basseal Jocelyne M. , Westerway Susan Campbell , McAuley Terry
Published: April 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2), an enveloped virus, is the causative agent of the disease known as COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease‐2019). Proper infection prevention and control measures and good hygiene practices are essential to prevent spread of COVID‐19 and protect both patients and the healthcare worker. These guidelines are relevant to all ultrasound practitioners and provides guidance on cleaning and disinfection of ultrasound equipment, the environment and PPE (protective personal equipment) during the COVID‐19 outbreak in the Australasian region.
Possible Link between the Distribution of Atomic Spectral Lines and the Radiation–Matter‐Equilibrium in the Early Universe
Authors: Richardt Tim , Heinrich Matthias , Gräfe Markus , Szameit Alexander
Published: April 2020

The uncanny resemblance of the global distribution of all experimentally known atomic spectral lines to the Planckian spectral distribution associated with black body radiation at a temperature of is reported. This value coincides with the critical temperature of equilibrium between the respective densities of radiation and matter in the early universe.
An E1‐Catalyzed Chemoenzymatic Strategy to Isopeptide‐N‐Ethylated Deubiquitylase‐Resistant Ubiquitin Probes
Authors: Zheng Qingyun , Wang Tian , Chu Guo‐Chao , Zuo Chong , Zhao Rui , Sui Xin , Ye Linzhi , Yu Yuanyuan , Chen Jingnan , Wu Xiangwei , Zhang Wenhao , Deng Haiteng , Shi Jing , Pan Man , Li Yi‐Ming , Liu Lei
Published: April 2020

Triazole‐based deubiquitylase (DUB)‐resistant ubiquitin (Ub) probes have recently emerged as effective tools for the discovery of Ub chain‐specific interactors in proteomic studies, but their structural diversity is limited. A new family of DUB‐resistant Ub probes is reported based on isopeptide‐N‐ethylated dimeric or polymeric Ub chains, which can be efficiently prepared by a one‐pot, ubiquitin‐activating enzyme (E1)‐catalyzed condensation reaction of recombinant Ub precursors to give various homotypic and even branched Ub probes at multi‐milligram scale. Proteomic studies using label‐free quantitative (LFQ) MS indicated that the isopeptide‐N‐ethylated Ub probes may complement the triazole‐based probes in the study of Ub interactome. Our study highlights the utility of modern protein synthetic chemistry to develop structurally and new families of tool molecules needed for proteomic studies.
Evaluation methods for portfolio management
Authors: Law Keith K. F. , Li W. K. , Yu Philip L. H.
Published: April 2020

We distinguish the evaluation methods for two main kinds of investment strategies, namely, passive and active portfolio management. Passive portfolio management aims at tracking an underlying index as close as possible with the most important measure being the tracking error. To claim the tracking error not exceeding a certain threshold, we apply the concept of noninferiority test as opposed to the common malpractice of one‐sided test, which tries to accept the null hypothesis when there is insufficient evidence to reject it. In contrast, the normal one‐sided test should be adopted in active portfolio management, which requires another crucial statistic, the information ratio, of an active portfolio to exceed the underlying benchmark in a risk adjusted sense. The asymptotic variances of the tracking error and the difference between two information ratios are derived, which allow proper evaluation and comparison of strategies within the passive and active portfolio management frameworks.
Unsupervised classification of the intrinsic and morphological properties of quasars through self‐organizing maps
Authors: Karafistan Aysel , Gemikonakli Eser
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to unveil, by means of self‐organizing maps (SOMs), the connections between intrinsic properties of radio quasars, namely redshift (z), luminosity (P), continuum slope (α), and parameters characterizing radio morphology of the host galaxy: observed linear size and bending. The strong luminosity–redshift correlation established by a prior traditional principal component analysis (PCA) is confirmed for the same dataset that contains 36 nearby (z < 1.5) and 44 distant (z > 1.5) quasars with five parameters. The SOM visualizations disentangled the luminosity–linear size anti‐correlation, supporting a dimensionality of p = 2 for the quasar parameter space. The SOM also clustered radio quasars into subgroups with common physical properties. We expect this work to provide a new probe, leading to further clustering of nonlabeled data with respect to the evolution of morphological properties.