bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bamboo Classification Using WorldView-2 Imagery of Giant Panda Habitat in a Large Shaded Area in Wolong, Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Tang Yunwei , Jing Linhai , Li Hui , Liu Qingjie , Yan Qi , Li Xiuxia
Published: November 2016

This study explores the ability of WorldView-2 (WV-2) imagery for bamboo mapping in a mountainous region in Sichuan Province, China. A large area of this place is covered by shadows in the image, and only a few sampled points derived were useful. In order to identify bamboos based on sparse training data, the sample size was expanded according to the reflectance of multispectral bands selected using the principal component analysis (PCA). Then, class separability based on the training data was calculated using a feature space optimization method to select the features for classification. Four regular object-based classification methods were applied based on both sets of training data. The results show that the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) method produced the greatest accuracy. A geostatistically-weighted k-NN classifier, accounting for the spatial correlation between classes, was then applied to further increase the accuracy. It achieved 82.65% and 93.10% of the producer’s and user’s accuracies respectively for the bamboo class. The canopy densities were estimated to explain the result. This study demonstrates that the WV-2 image can be used to identify small patches of understory bamboos given limited known samples, and the resulting bamboo distribution facilitates the assessments of the habitats of giant pandas.
Queuing Time Prediction Using WiFi Positioning Data in an Indoor Scenario
Authors: Shu Hua , Song Ci , Pei Tao , Xu Lianming , Ou Yang , Zhang Libin , Li Tao
Published: November 2016

Queuing is common in urban public places. Automatically monitoring and predicting queuing time can not only help individuals to reduce their wait time and alleviate anxiety but also help managers to allocate resources more efficiently and enhance their ability to address emergencies. This paper proposes a novel method to estimate and predict queuing time in indoor environments based on WiFi positioning data. First, we use a series of parameters to identify the trajectories that can be used as representatives of queuing time. Next, we divide the day into equal time slices and estimate individuals’ average queuing time during specific time slices. Finally, we build a nonstandard autoregressive (NAR) model trained using the previous day’s WiFi estimation results and actual queuing time to predict the queuing time in the upcoming time slice. A case study comparing two other time series analysis models shows that the NAR model has better precision. Random topological errors caused by the drift phenomenon of WiFi positioning technology (locations determined by a WiFi positioning system may drift accidently) and systematic topological errors caused by the positioning system are the main factors that affect the estimation precision. Therefore, we optimize the deployment strategy during the positioning system deployment phase and propose a drift ratio parameter pertaining to the trajectory screening phase to alleviate the impact of topological errors and improve estimates. The WiFi positioning data from an eight-day case study conducted at the T3-C entrance of Beijing Capital International Airport show that the mean absolute estimation error is 147 s, which is approximately 26.92% of the actual queuing time. For predictions using the NAR model, the proportion is approximately 27.49%. The theoretical predictions and the empirical case study indicate that the NAR model is an effective method to estimate and predict queuing time in indoor public areas.
IEEE 802.11ah: A Technology to Face the IoT Challenge
Authors: Baños-Gonzalez Victor , Afaqui M. , Lopez-Aguilera Elena , Garcia-Villegas Eduard
Published: November 2016

Since the conception of the Internet of things (IoT), a large number of promising applications and technologies have been developed, which will change different aspects in our daily life. This paper explores the key characteristics of the forthcoming IEEE 802.11ah specification. This future IEEE 802.11 standard aims to amend the IEEE 802.11 legacy specification to support IoT requirements. We present a thorough evaluation of the foregoing amendment in comparison to the most notable IEEE 802.11 standards. In addition, we expose the capabilities of future IEEE 802.11ah in supporting different IoT applications. Also, we provide a brief overview of the technology contenders that are competing to cover the IoT communications framework. Numerical results are presented showing how the future IEEE 802.11ah specification offers the features required by IoT communications, thus putting forward IEEE 802.11ah as a technology to cater the needs of the Internet of Things paradigm.
Sustainability and Convergence: The Future of Corporate Governance Systems?
Authors: Salvioni Daniela , Gennari Francesca , Bosetti Luisa
Published: November 2016

In today’s world, a sustainable approach to corporate governance can be a source of competitive advantage and a long-term success factor for any firm. Sustainable governance requires that the board of directors considers economic, social and environmental expectations in an integrated way, no matter what ownership structure and formal rules of corporate governance apply to the company: this mitigates the traditional differences between insider and outsider systems of corporate governance. Previous studies failed to consider the contribution of sustainability in the process of corporate governance convergence. Therefore, the aim of this article is to fill the gap in the existing literature by means of a qualitative analysis, supporting the international debate about convergence of corporate governance systems. The article describes the evolution of outsider and insider systems in the light of the increasing importance of sustainability in the board’s decision-making and firm’s operation to satisfy the needs of all the company’s stakeholders. According to this, a qualitative content analysis developed with a directed approach completes the theoretical discussion, demonstrating that sustainability can bring de facto convergence between outsider and insider corporate governance systems. The article aims to be a theoretical starting point for future research, the findings of which could also have practical implications: the study encourages the policy makers to translate the sustainable business best practices into laws and recommendations, strengthening the mutual influence between formal and substantial convergence.
Airline Sustainability Modeling: A New Framework with Application of Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Salarzadeh Jenatabadi Hashem , Babashamsi Peyman , Khajeheian Datis , Seyyed Amiri Nader
Published: November 2016

There are many factors which could influence the sustainability of airlines. The main purpose of this study is to introduce a framework for a financial sustainability index and model it based on structural equation modeling (SEM) with maximum likelihood and Bayesian predictors. The introduced framework includes economic performance, operational performance, cost performance, and financial performance. Based on both Bayesian SEM (Bayesian-SEM) and Classical SEM (Classical-SEM), it was found that economic performance with both operational performance and cost performance are significantly related to the financial performance index. The four mathematical indices employed are root mean square error, coefficient of determination, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error to compare the efficiency of Bayesian-SEM and Classical-SEM in predicting the airline financial performance. The outputs confirmed that the framework with Bayesian prediction delivered a good fit with the data, although the framework predicted with a Classical-SEM approach did not prepare a well-fitting model. The reasons for this discrepancy between Classical and Bayesian predictions, as well as the potential advantages and caveats with the application of Bayesian approach in airline sustainability studies, are debated.
Capturing Agroecosystem Vulnerability and Resilience
Authors: Groot Jeroen , Cortez-Arriola José , Rossing Walter , Améndola Massiotti Ricardo , Tittonell Pablo
Published: November 2016

Vulnerability and resilience are two crucial attributes of social-ecological systems that are used for analyzing the response to disturbances. We assess these properties in relation to agroecosystem buffer capacity and adaptive capacity, which depend on the ‘window of opportunities’ of possible changes in terms of selected performance indicators, i.e., the solution space. The vulnerability of the system was quantified as the distance of performance indicators between original and disturbed systems. The buffer capacity was derived from the size of the solution space that could be obtained after reconfiguration of farm components (crops, animals, fertilizers, etc.) that were present on the original farm, whereas the assessment of adaptive capacity was derived in a similar way, but after allowing innovation by introducing new components to the farm. To illustrate the approach, we applied these concepts to two dairy farms in Northwest Michoacán, Mexico. After a disturbance resulting in a fodder maize yield decline, both economic profitability and soil organic matter inputs were reduced. The scope for recovery was different between the farms, but the projected improvements in profitability and organic matter inputs would require considerable changes in the farm configurations, and thus flexibility in farm management. High resilience requires a farmer with the managerial ability to make the required changes to move through the proposed solution space. The approach we present here offers a generic quantitative assessment of vulnerability and resilience concepts, based on a combined assessment of the social and ecological dimensions of agroecosystems.
Un masque humain à Hyria de Naxos, nouveau témoignage de contacts chypriotes
Authors: Simantoni-Bournia Eva
Published: November 2016

Eva SIMANTONI-BOURNIA

A Human Mask from Hyria on Naxos: New Evidence of Cypriot Contacts

p. 119-132

Nine sherds of a terracotta mask representing a male bearded figure of nearly life size, dating to the end of the 8th - beginning of the 7th c. BC, were discovered in 1994 in the sanctuary of Hyria on Naxos. The Naxian mask owes its importance to the rarity of this type of objects, above all in the high period. The terracotta masks from the Sanctuary of Orthia at Sparta, the best known and most striking in the Greek world, are nearly all later and most of them related to a different stylistic tradition. The Cypriot Geometric I terracotta masks brought to light in the sanctuaries of Kition and Salamis in Cyprus are the nearest parallels to the Hyria example.

It is suggested that the idealised bearded Hyria mask was worn during some sort of pageant (δρώμενον) by the person playing the role of the husband of the goddess of fertility who was venerated along with Dionysus in the great Naxian sanctuary and is identified with Ariadne. The representation, frequent in the cult of Dionysus, of a sort of ritual union in the cult practices at Hyria is probable. The Cypriot contacts, confirmed by our mask, support the parallel, which we have suggested before on the basis of the finds from the sanctuary and from literary evidence, between the Naxian Ariadne and the great Cypriotoriental goddess.
L'accueil officiel des souverains et des princes à Athènes à l'époque hellénistique
Authors: Perrin-Saminadayar Eric
Published: November 2016

Eric Perrin-Saminadayar

Η επίσημη υποδοχή των ηγεμόνων και των πριγκίπων στην Αθήνα κατά την ελληνιστική περίοδο

σ. 354-375

Αφηγούμενος την επίσημη επίσκεψη του Αττάλου Α' στην Αθήνα το 200 π.Χ., ο Πολύβιος τονίζει στην εξαιρετική υποδοχή που επιφύλαξε στο βασιλέα ολόκληρη η πόλη. Περιγράφει ένα πρωτόκολλο απαντήσεως, βασιζόμενο σε ένα πρότυπο που συναντάμε σε άλλες περιοχές για άλλους βασιλείς. Στην Αθήνα όμως, παρόλο που υπήρχε πρωτόκολλο που όριζε την υποδοχή των σημαντικών προσώπων, δεν εφαρμοζόταν μόνο προς τους βασιλείς σε επίσημη επίσκεψη: κατά την ελληνιστική περίοδο οι εκπρόσωποι των «φίλων και συμμάχων» του δήμου, όπως επίσης και οι Ρωμαίοι είχαν την ίδια πολυτελή μεταχείριση. Το αθηναϊκό πρωτόκολλο, όπως αναβιώνει μέσα από μερικές επιγραφές και κάποιες γραπτές πηγές, προέβλεπε υποδοχή στον Πειραιά από εφήβους και άρχοντες, οι οποίοι συνόδευαν το τιμώμενο πρόσωπο έως την Αθήνα, σε λαμπρή πομπή· πρόκειται για τη λεγόμενη απάντησις. Στη συνέχεια, η παραμονή (αποδοχή) διέπετο επίσης από κανόνες, ενώ την ευθύνη της διεξαγωγής της αναλάμβανε άρχοντας, ειδικά επιφορτισμένος με την υποδοχή· στην Αθήνα η παραμονή περιλάμβανε θυσίες σε δημόσια ιερά, δημόσιο γεύμα αλλά και μια αθηναϊκή ιδιαιτερότητα, την ομιλία ενώπιον των πολιτών.
A model for spatial planning of site and building using BIM methodology
Authors: USTINOVICHIUS Leonas , PECKIENĖ Aurelija , POPOV Vladimir
Published: November 2016

In this day and age, as information technology develops at an intense pace, the construction sector cannot af­ford to fall behind. The term “building information modelling”, or BIM, is now used increasingly more frequently. BIM covers the entire life span of a building – from planning to demolition. However, it should not be forgotten, that with­out a site, there can be no building. Territorial planning documents establish certain requirements for both the site itself and the buildings to be built within its boundaries. At present, territorial planning and building design are, for the most part, carried out as separate processes. In order to develop a more rational and effective process for the execution of a construction project, more attention should be paid to the stage of initial site and building planning (spatial planning). The requirements established by territorial planning documents must be taken into account at the initial site and building planning stage. A spatial planning model for buildings associated with a territorial planning system was developed as part of this study and could be used as a basis for further building information modelling.
Evaluation of the effect of soymilk fermented by a riboflavin-producing Lactobacillus plantarum strain in a murine model of colitis
Authors: Levit R. , de Giori G. Savoy , de Moreno de LeBlanc A. , LeBlanc J.G.
Published: November 2016

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are idiopathic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract characterised by recurrent inflammation that require lifelong treatments. It has been shown that certain strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can produce specific health-promoting compounds in foods or in the gastrointestinal tract that can in turn prevent and/or treat IBD. This study was designed to evaluate the possible therapeutic potential of soymilk fermented by the riboflavin-producing strain Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 2130 in a trinitrobenzene sulfonic induced colitis mouse model. Mice that received soymilk fermented by L. plantarum CRL 2130 showed a decrease in weight loss, lower damage scores in their large intestines, lower microbial translocation to liver and decreased cytokines levels in their intestinal fluids compared to animals that received unfermented soymilk or soymilk fermented by a non-riboflavin-producing L. plantarum strain. This is the first report that demonstrates that a riboflavin-producing LAB was able to prevent experimental colitis in a murine model.
Effect of different temperatures and CO2 levels onAlternaria toxins produced on cultivated rocket, cabbage and cauliflower
Authors: Siciliano I. , Berta F. , Bosio P. , Gullino M.L. , Garibaldi A.
Published: November 2016

Over the last 100 years, the global mean temperature has increased and has influenced several key factors that affect the occurrence and severity of fungal diseases. The effect of an increase in CO2 concentration and temperature on disease caused by fourAlternaria strains and their mycotoxin production on cultivated rocket, cabbage and cauliflower plants has been investigated in this study. Six different temperature and CO2 combinations were considered: (1) 400-450 ppm CO2, 14-18 °C; (2) 800-850 ppm CO2, 14-18 °C; (3) 400-450 ppm CO2, 18-22 °C; (4) 800-850 ppm CO2, 18-22 °C; (5) 400-450 ppm CO2, 22-26 °C; and (6) 800-850 ppm CO2, 22-26 °C. Higher levels of CO2 and temperature have been found to significantly influence the disease index of the infected plants. In fact, the disease index was significantly increased at 22-26 °C and 800-850 ppm of CO2 for all of the host plants. Tenuazonic acid (TeA), alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether and tentoxin were analysed for each climate condition using HPLC-MS/MS, and disease severity was evaluated. Higher temperature influences environmental conditions and different factors involved in plant-pathogen interaction. Temperature was the main factor involved in disease severity, while host plants and strains were found to be the factors that had the most influence on the variation of the production of mycotoxins. A large variability in the production of mycotoxins among the different host plants was observed, but TeA was always the most frequently produced mycotoxin.
Impact of external job mobility and occupational job mobility on earnings
Authors: Wong Chan Wai , Cheng Ming Yu , Lau Teck Chai
Published: November 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between external job mobility and occupational job mobility on earnings among engineers in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approach: Using curricular vitae data from a job agency, this paper tracks job mobility through job histories and examine how it affects earnings.Findings: Results obtained from regression analysis indicate that higher external job mobility will contribute to higher earnings, but occupational mobility will have adverse effect on earnings.Research limitations/implications: Limitation of the study is that the results are extrapolated from a self-report dataset.Practical implications: Nonetheless, the results give important implications to the Malaysian job market on how firm-specific skills and occupational specific skills are rewarded among engineers who actively seek for alternative employment online, and a guide to job applicants in career planning.Originality/value: The findings has also revealed important variables to be included in explaining high skill labor earnings in the context of Malaysian engineers, it serves as an important reference for future in modeling earnings.
Optimization in supply chain management, the current state and future directions: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Movahedipour Mahmood , Yang Mengke , Zeng Jianqiu , Wu Xiankang , Salam Shafaq
Published: November 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is finding the current state of research and identifies high-potential area for future investigation in optimization in supply chain management.Design/methodology/approach: In this paper we present Bibliometric and Network analysis to examine current state research on optimization in supply chain management to identify established and emergent research field for future investigation. The systematic research review which we used in our study have not grasp or assess by other researchers on this topic. Firstly, based on our methodology Bibliometric analysis began by identifying 1610 publications raised from scientific journals, included literatures from 1994 to March of 2016. Secondly, we applied PageRank algorithm in our data for citation analysis to indicate the significance of a publication. Thirdly, the topological decision variables analysis is done based on Louvain method for network data clustering, for this proposes we used the rigorous tools.Finding: Based on our Network analysis result, the optimization in supply chain management research can be divided into four clusters /modules that introduced fundamental skill, knowledge, theory, application and method.Research limitations/implications: We presented some limitation in our research in some fields which could allow new researchers and practitioners conduct the future research to grow up in different dimensions.Practical implications: Practitioners or policy maker usually are not familiar with these type researches so this is why mush of these survey remain in theatrical and conceptual .Future investigation needs to play in practical application  domain instead stop merely in opinion.   Originality/value: Based on our research, the researchers have more attention to work in conceptual analysis due to other fields but we believe that in facility location problem there many remarkable rooms still exist for future research to development. We also contributed more details in the papers.
Short Versus Long Cephalomedullary Nails for Pertrochanteric Hip Fracture
Authors: Frisch Nicholas B. , Nahm Nickolas J. , Khalil Jad G. , Les Clifford M. , Guthrie Stuart T. , Charters Michael A.
Published: November 2016

This study compared patients who underwent treatment with short or long cephalomedullary nails with integrated cephalocervical screws and linear compression. Patients with AO/OTA 31-A2 or A3 pertrochanteric fractures treated with either short (n=72) or long (n=97) InterTAN (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, Tennessee) cephalomedullary nails were reviewed. Information on perioperative measures (estimated blood loss, surgical time, and fluoroscopy time) and postoperative orthopedic complications (infection, implant failure, screw cutout, and periprosthetic femur fracture) was included. Estimated blood loss (short nail, 161 mL; long nail, 208 mL;
P
=.002) and surgical time (short nail, 64 minutes; long nail, 83 minutes;
P
=.001) were lower in the short nail group. There were no differences in fluoroscopy time (short nail, 90 seconds; long nail, 142 seconds;
P
=.071) or rates of infection (short nail, 1.4%; long nail, 3.1%;
P
=.637) or overall orthopedic complications (short nail, 11.1%; long nail, 9.3%;
P
=.798) between the 2 groups. The long nail group had a trend toward more screw cutouts (long nail, 5.2%; short nail, 0.0%;
P
=.134) but fewer periprosthetic femur fractures (short nail, 8.3%; long nail, 0.0%;
P
=.013). This study found a similar overall rate of orthopedic complications between short and long nails with integrated cephalocervical screws and linear compression. These results confirm the suspected advantages of short nails, including faster surgery and less blood loss; however, the rate of periprosthetic femur fracture remains high, despite changes to implant design. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(2):83–88.]
Surgical Cost Disclosure May Reduce Operating Room Expenditures
Authors: Austin Luke S. , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Ong Alvin C. , Lombardi Nicholas J. , Wowkanech Charles D. , Mehnert Michael J.
Published: November 2016

Health care expenditures are rising in the United States. Recent policy changes are attempting to reduce spending through the development of value-based payment systems that rely heavily on cost transparency. This study was conducted to investigate whether cost disclosure influences surgeons to reduce operating room expenditures. Beginning in 2012, surgeon scorecards were distributed at a regional health care system. The scorecard reported the actual direct supply cost per case for a specific procedure and compared each surgeon's data with those of other surgeons in the same subspecialty. Rotator cuff repair was chosen for analysis. Actual direct supply cost per case was calculated quarterly and collected over a 2-year period. Surgeons were given a questionnaire to determine their interest in the scorecard. Actual direct supply cost per rotator cuff repair procedure decreased by $269 during the study period. A strong correlation (
R
2
=0.77) between introduction of the scorecards and cost containment was observed. During the study period, a total of $39,831 was saved. Of the surgeons who were queried, 89% were interested in the scorecard and 56% altered their practice as a result. Disclosure of surgical costs may be an effective way to control operating room spending. The findings suggest that providing physicians with knowledge about their surgical charges can alter per-case expenditures. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(2):e269–e274.]
Risk Factors for Intraoperative Proximal Femoral Fracture During Primary Cementless THA
Authors: Zhao Ran , Cai Hong , Liu Yanqing , Tian Hua , Zhang Ke , Liu Zhongjun
Published: November 2016

Intraoperative proximal femoral fracture, one of the most common complications of total hip arthroplasty (THA), occurs more often in cementless procedures and can affect rehabilitation, hospitalization time, and cost of treatment. The goal of this study was to identify risk factors for intraoperative proximal femoral fracture in THA to identify high-risk groups preoperatively and minimize the incidence of this complication. This nested case-control study included 904 primary cementless THA procedures (769 patients) performed between January 2009 and July 2015. Of this group, 24 fractures occurred, accounting for 2.65% of cases. Predisposing factors for intraoperative proximal femoral fracture from the medical records included patient sex, diagnosis of osteoarthritis, operated on hip (left or right), type of implant, alcohol consumption, operative approach, age, and body mass index. The Noble classification, Dorr classification, and Metaphyseal-Diaphyseal Index score measured by picture archiving and communication systems were used to evaluate the anatomy and morphologic features of the proximal femur. A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate potential risk factors for fracture during THA, including anterolateral (modified Hardinge) approach, use of the Corail (DePuy, Warsaw, Indiana) stem, Metaphyseal-Diaphyseal Index score, age, and sex. A Corail stem, the anterolateral approach, advanced age, and a low Metaphyseal-Diaphyseal Index score were associated with increased risk of fracture. All fractures were treated with cerclage wire techniques, and none has required revision to date. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(2):e281–e287.]
Corticosteroid Injections: A Review of Sex-Related Side Effects
Authors: Brook Emily M. , Hu Caroline H. , Kingston Kiera A. , Matzkin Elizabeth G.
Published: November 2016

Corticosteroid injections are used as a nonoperative modality to combat acute inflammation when conservative treatments fail. As female patients are regularly seen by orthopedic physicians, it is essential to identify and understand potential sex-related side effects. The aim of this article is to examine available literature for sex-related side effects of orthopedic-related corticosteroid injections. Although the incidence is low, sex-related side effects, such as abnormal menstruation, lactation disturbances, facial flushing, and hirsutism, are associated with corticosteroid injections. Physicians should be aware of these female-specific side effects and relay this information as part of the informed consent process. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(2):e211–e215.]
Aerosol inputs affect the optical signatures of dissolved organic matter in NW Mediterranean coastal waters
Authors: Sánchez-Pérez E. Denisse , Marín Isabel , Nunes Sdena , Aparicio Fran L. , Fernández-González Laura , Peters Francesc , Pujo-Pay Mireille , Conan Pascal , Marrasé Cèlia
Published: November 2016

Aeolian inputs of organic and inorganic nutrients to the ocean are important as they can enhance biological production in surface waters, especially in oligotrophic areas like the Mediterranean. The Mediterranean littoral is particularly exposed to both anthropogenic and Saharan aerosol depositions on a more or less regular basis. During the last few decades experimental studies have been devoted to examining the effect of inorganic nutrient inputs from dust on microbial activity. In this study, we performed experiments at two different locations of the NW Mediterranean, where we evaluated the changes in the quality and quantity of dissolved organic matter due to atmospheric inputs of different origin (Saharan and anthropogenic) and its subsequent transformations mediated by microbial activities. In both experiments the humic-like and protein-like substances, and the fluorescence quantum yield increased after addition. In general, these changes in the quality of dissolved organic matter did not significantly affect the prokaryotes. The recalcitrant character of the fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) associated with aerosols was confirmed, as we found negligible utilization of chromophoric compounds over the experimental period. We framed these experiments within a two-year time series data set of atmospheric deposition and coastal surface water analyses. These observations showed that both Saharan and anthropogenic inputs induced changes in the quality of organic matter, increasing the proportion of FDOM substances. This increase was larger during Saharan dust events than in the absence of Saharan influence.
Publication impact in sponge chemical and microbial ecology
Authors: Sacristán-Soriano Oriol , Becerro Mikel A.
Published: November 2016

It is well known that sponges constitute one of the most prevalent groups in marine benthic communities based on their challenging structural organization, abundance and diversity, and their functional roles in natural communities. The evolutionary success of this group may be explained by the close interaction between sponges and microbes, which dates back to the Precambrian era. This particular symbiosis has become a key factor within sponge research and is an emerging topic of two scientific disciplines: chemical and microbial ecology. This mini-review evaluates the influence of these two disciplines on the general scientific community using a series of bibliometric indicators to ensure objectivity. Our analyses showed that, although sponge chemical ecology has a greater overall impact on the scientific community, both disciplines are cited equally and more frequently than expected. Both research areas show a great impact on applied sciences, but the ecological perspectives of sponge chemistry and microbiology may fall outside the interests of a broader ecological audience. Moreover, we highlight some research topics (e.g. effects of environmental stress) that may require further attention. Hence, sponge chemical and microbial ecology have the opportunity to contribute to broader ecological issues in topics that make sponges particularly important, such as symbiosis.
Citizen Engagement in Local Environmental Issues
Authors: Heaton Lorna , Días da Silva Patrícia
Published: November 2016

The goal of this chapter is to draw attention to the interrelation of multiple mediatized relationships, including face-to-face interaction, in local citizen engagement around biodiversity/environmental information. The authors argue that it is possible to fruitfully theorize the relationship between public involvement and the media without focusing specifically on the type of media. Their argument is supported by three examples of participatory projects, all connected with environmental issues, and in which social media-based and face-to-face interactions are closely interrelated. This contribution highlights the local uses of social media and the Web, and shows how engagement plays out in the interaction of multiple channels for exchange and the use of resources in a variety of media formats. In particular, new media significantly alter the visibility of both local actions and of the resulting data.
Public Engagement and Policy Entrepreneurship on Social Media in the Time of Anti-Vaccination Movements
Authors: Song Melodie Yun-Ju , Abelson Julia
Published: November 2016

North America has experienced a resurgence of measles outbreak due to an unprecedentedly low Mumps-Measles and Rubella vaccination coverage rates facilitated by the anti-vaccination movement. The objective of this chapter is to explore the new online public space and public discourse using Web 2.0 in the public health arena to answer the question ‘What is driving public acceptance of or hesitancy towards the MMR vaccine?' More specifically, typologies of online public engagement will be examined using MMR vaccine hesitancy as a case study to illustrate the different approaches used by pro- and anti-vaccine groups to inform, consult with and engage the public on a public health issue that has been the subject of long-standing public debate and confusion. This chapter provides an overview of the cyclical discourse of anti-vaccination movements. The authors hypothesize that anti-vaccination, vaccine hesitant, and pro-vaccination representations on the online public sphere is reflective of competing values (e.g., modernism, post-modernism) in contemporary society.
Youth Engagement in the Era of New Media
Authors: Iwasaki Yoshitaka
Published: November 2016

Contextualized within the popularity of new media, youth engagement is a very important concept in the practice of public involvement. Guided by the current literature on youth engagement and media studies, this chapter examines the key engagement-related notions involving youth and media usage. Being informed by a variety of case studies on youth engagement through the use of media within various contexts globally, the chapter discusses the opportunities and challenges of engaging youth through media usage. The specific notions covered in this chapter include: 1) the role of “hybrid” media in youth engagement; 2) “intersectionality” illustrating the diversity of youth populations and their media usage; 3) meaning-making through media usage among youth; and 4) building global social relationships and social and cultural capital through youth's media usage. Importantly, the use of new media can be seen as a means of reclaiming and reshaping the ways in which youth are engaged, as key meaning-making processes, to address personal, social, and cultural issues.
Organically Modified News Networks
Authors: Groshek Jacob
Published: November 2016

The notion of news networks has changed from primarily one of print and broadcast networks to one of social networks and social media. This study examines the intersection of technological affordances, dialogic activity, and where traditional news gatekeepers are now situated in the contemporary multi-gated and networked media environment. Using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as a topical issue, social data was collected from Twitter. The most connected (and connecting) users were algorithmically identified and then sorted into ‘community' groups. The resultant graphs visually and statistically identify which users were important gatekeepers and how the flow of information on this topic was being structured around and by certain users that acted as ‘hubs' of communication in the network. Results suggest that the ongoing evolution of networked gatekeeping has led to the virtual absence of journalists and news organizations from prominence in social media coverage on certain topics, in this instance GMOs. Normative implications are discussed.
Information Hubs or Drains?
Authors: Towner Terri L.
Published: November 2016

This chapter investigates the link between young adults' attention to campaign information on offline and online media and their knowledge about political facts and candidate issues. The findings, based on a unique, three-wave panel survey conducted during the 2012 U.S. presidential election, show that attention to campaign information on offline sources, such as television, hard-copy newspapers, and radio, was not significantly related to political knowledge. Instead, young adults' attention to online sources played a more important role. Specifically, political knowledge levels were significantly and positively linked to attention to campaign information in online newspapers and television campaign websites. In contrast, attention to campaign information on social media, particularly Facebook and Google+, was negatively related to political knowledge levels during the fall campaign period. Therefore, this study suggests that certain forms of online media serve as a drain on political knowledge whereas attention to other digital outlets can serve as hubs of information.
Occupy Rhetoric
Authors: Vie Stephanie , Carter Daniel , Meyr Jessica
Published: November 2016

By examining three major digital activist events—the Arab Spring, the indignados movement, and Occupy Wall Street—the authors illustrate that digital activism motivates and facilitates real offline behaviors beyond slacktivism by reviewing successful strategies and outcomes that were part of each movement. Moreover, in examining the issue of slacktivism, the authors demonstrate that slacktivism is not always digital, and that the power of weak ties has demonstrable effects in protester behavior and coordination. Finally, the rhetorical situations and exigencies of these major digital activist events are examined; this is an area ripe for more direct analysis and commentary. Understanding the rhetorical situations and exigencies involved in successful digital activist events allows researchers and practitioners a better understanding of integrated approaches to public involvement using social media.
Social Media and the Public Sphere in China
Authors: Shan Zhou , Tang Lu
Published: November 2016

This chapter seeks to answer the question of whether microblog can function as a promising form of public sphere. Utilizing a combined framework of public sphere based on the theories of Mouffe (1995) and Dahlgren (2005), it examines the political discussion and interrogation on Sina Weibo, China's leading microblog site, concerning the Wenzhou high-speed train derailment accident in July of 2011 through a critical discourse analysis. Its results suggest that Weibo enables the creation of new social imaginary and genre of discourse as well as the construction of new social identities.
Translingual and Digital Ecologies
Authors: Jiang Jialei
Published: November 2016

Scholarship in cloud pedagogy has provided intriguing lenses through which researchers enhance pedagogical approaches for digital composition classrooms. However, there is a lack of discussion on how cloud pedagogy could be employed to benefit second language learners of writing. Scholars in both digital and translingual areas of research have touched on conceptualizing their theories through multimodal, collaborative, and ecological perspectives of writing. Therefore, this article looks into the theories and practices of translingualism, and explore how translingual writing can be merged and integrated into the multimodal applications of cloud-based learning. Following and expanding the practices of digital composition, this paper aims to argue for an ontological shift to a translingual view of cloud-based writing and examine how it informs second language learning.
Phases, Scaffolds, and Technology
Authors: Parra Julia
Published: November 2016

With ubiquitous Internet and the related tools, including computational devices and cloud-based technology, has come public access to a world of information literally at one's fingertips. This has led to the increased use of cloud-based student collaboration as a key strategy for engaging students as responsible, creative, and productive participants in the learning process. For the purpose of this qualitative study there are three objectives: 1) update and revise a course design model for cloud-based student collaboration that uses phases and scaffolds, and includes an optimal cloud-based collaboration toolkit identified by graduate students, 2) describe an online course wherein this model has been applied, and 3) share exemplar course materials including guides, learning plans and directions, and content scaffolds in the form of templates, that support this model and can be repurposed by anyone using cloud-based student collaboration in higher education.
Scaffolding Agency and Responsibility in Cloud-Based Collaborative Writing
Authors: Fedewa Kate , Houghton Kathryn
Published: November 2016

Although most students regularly interact online for social reasons, many are uncomfortable collaborating for academic work, even work utilizing familiar cloud technology. Because collaborative writing in digital spaces is becoming commonplace in work and academic environments, composition teachers must help students to recognize their individual agency within group work and to develop strategies for a shared writing process. How can we scaffold online writing experiences so that our students' ability to collaborate emerges as a strategic and still-developing part of the learning process? In this chapter we discuss strategies for scaffolding a collaborative writing process using Google Docs in the composition classroom. We describe four sample activities appropriate for undergraduate writing courses: anonymous invention, group annotated bibliographies, group agendas and project plans, and peer review. We suggest best practices for developing individual agency and shared responsibility for group writing in the cloud.
Toward Green Evolution of Cellular Networks by High Order Sectorisation and Small Cell Densification
Authors: Arbi Abdelrahman , O'Farrell Timothy , Zheng Fu-Chun , Fletcher Simon C.
Published: November 2016

Network densification by adding either more sectors per site or by deploying an overlay of small cells is always considered to be a key method for enhancing the RAN coverage and capacity. The impact of these two techniques on cellular network energy consumption is investigated in this chapter. The aim is to find an energy efficient deployment strategy when trading-off the order of sectorisation with the intensity of small cell densification. A new enhanced base station power consumption model is presented, followed by a novel metric framework for the evaluation of the RAN energy efficiency. The use of the power model and the proposed metrics is demonstrated by applying them to a RAN case study when the two techniques are used to improve the network capacity. In addition, the chapter evaluates the amount of network energy efficiency improvement when various adaptive sectorisation schemes are implemented. The results show that the strategy of adding more sectors is less energy efficient than directly deploying an overlay of small cells, even when adaptive sectorisation is implemented.
Self-Organization and Optimization in Heterogenous Networks
Authors: Misra Aradhana , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar
Published: November 2016

Driven by the continuous growth of wireless and mobile communication users, Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Long Term evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) have taken up densification of network as a new paradigm to meet the growing capacity demands. Small cells come with the advantage of enhanced coverage in indoor and hard reach areas and offer traffic offloading capacity in hotspots. However, there are challenges of interference management and self-adaptability with the overlaying macro cellular network since most small cell base stations are user deployed and do not have centralized control on their configuration and operation. The purpose of this chapter is to elaborate the concept of heterogeneous network and Self Organization Network (SON) in LTE-A. The various use cases of SON that can benefit the heterogeneous network have been discussed laying emphasis on interference management use case. Further the current trend of research in this field has been highlighted. It provides a holistic picture of the heterogeneous network and SON in LTE-A and upcoming mobile communication generations.
Stackelberg Game Theoretic Framework in Cognitive Green Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Yang Chungang , Huang Pengyu , Xiao Jia , Wang Lingxia , Li Jiandong
Published: November 2016

Game theory has found an extensive application in wireless communication networks including cognitive radio networks, heterogeneous cellular networks, cooperative relay networks. Also, cognitive radio networks, green communications and heterogeneous cellular networks have attracted a wide attention on improve the spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency; therefore, the capacity, the coverage and the energy consumption. However, interference problem and energy consumption are critical for these networks. Introducing hierarchy among different decision-making players in cognitive, heterogeneous, green, cooperative cellular networks can both save energy and mitigate interference, thus enhance throughput. Stackelberg game suits to model, analyze and design the distributed algorithms in these hierarchical decision-making networking scenarios. In this chapter, we introduce basics of Stackelberg game and survey the extensive applications of Stackelberg game in cognitive, heterogeneous, cooperative cellular networks with the emphasis on resource management, green commutations design and interference management. This chapter highlights the potentials and applications with the promising vision of Stackelberg game theoretic framework for future cognitive green heterogeneous cellular networks.
Pricing Methodology and Its Applications in Cognitive Radio and Multi-Tier Heterogeneous Cellular Networks
Authors: Yang Chungang , Xiao Jia , Wang Lingxia , Huang Pengyu , Li Jiandong
Published: November 2016

In this chapter, we concentrate on different technical applications and research directions of pricing theory and methodology, where we investigate following technical applications and functions of pricing including cooperative incentive mechanism design, Pareto- and social optimality improvement, distributed algorithm design with the low signaling overhead. We first clarify different concepts of pricing, summarize the motivation, present a taxonomy according to these different technical applications. Then, we survey applications of pricing theory and methodology with understandings and observations in cognitive radio and multi-tier heterogeneous cellular networks. We emphasize some of the recent critical problems, such as the cooperation incentive, resource and interference management and economics of small cells. Finally, we conclude this chapter with the possible research directions and more potential network applications of pricing theory and methodology.
Customers' Perceptions of Green Banking
Authors: Iqbal Mehree , Nisha Nabila , Raza Syed Ali
Published: November 2016

Banks today promote eco-friendly financial services by widely adopting the concept of green banking. This is generally done to minimize the impact of environmental degradation in their business activities. Besides its usefulness for environment, green banking also acts as a competitive edge for banks by offering customers with new channels of financial services delivery. However, service experiences and quality of service delivery often defines customers' perceptions towards the adoption of such services. This paper aims to study service qualities and other underlying factors that influence customers' behavioral intentions towards using green banking in Bangladesh. Under PLS-SEM technique, factors like reliability, privacy, responsiveness, empathy and information quality has significant positive effect on performance expectancy; while, performance expectancy, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions significantly influence customers' behavioral intention. Implications of these findings can provide practical recommendations and directions for further work to banks in Bangladesh.
Cyber Security Centres for Threat Detection and Mitigation
Authors: Grobler Marthie , Jacobs Pierre , van Niekerk Brett
Published: November 2016

With the continuing evolution of cyber threats, it is only a matter of time before an organisation will suffer a major breach or there is an incident of national significance. This necessitates monitoring to detect possible incidents and mechanisms to respond and recover from breaches. This chapter provides an overview of structures to aid in threat detection and incident recovery. Security Operation Centres (SOCs), Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs), and Security Intelligence Centres (SICs) will be covered, and the differences, benefits and limitations will be discussed. Guidance for the implementation of these security capabilities within organisations will be provided.