bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Disability Groupings and Transition Planning Experiences
Authors: Davenport Ernest C. , Johnson David R. , Wu Yi-Chen , Thurlow Martha L. , Qian Xueqin , LaVelle John M.
Published: July 2021

One important aspect of special education research that makes it complex is the variability of the disability categories being studied. This study used the context of Individualized Education Program (IEP)/transition planning and National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 (NLTS 2012) student and parent survey items associated with this context to illustrate the challenges of grouping disability categories. We examined how disability groupings are treated similarly with respect to their transition planning experiences across different survey items. Findings illustrate that the 12 transition-related disability categories can be empirically formed into four clusters according to their IEP/transition planning meeting experiences. Results indicate that regardless of the scale used, these groupings are relatively consistent (e.g., autism, multiple disabilities, and orthopedic impairments were always together), but different from groupings based on theory or another set of items (e.g., self-determination). Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Grief, COVID-19, and the South: Considerations and Recommendations
Authors: McDuffie Danielle L. , Kouchi Kathryn , Dorman Hillary , Bownes Elizabeth , Condon Shelley E. , Crowther Martha R.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

COVID-19 has devastated the United States (U.S.). One of the more notably impacted areas is the South. Compared to the rest of the U.S., the South is characterized by increased rurality, lowered access to healthcare, older populations, and higher religiosity, all of which might predispose its residents to more detrimental effects of COVID-19, including COVID-related fatalities. As such, this paper provides important considerations for individuals engaging in work with Southern, rural Americans dealing with COVID-related grief and loss.

Methods

A review of the literature addressing the impact of Southern legislature, rurality, cross-country factors, and faith on COVID-related grief among Southerners was conducted, with applicable considerations expressed.

Conclusions

Care should be taken by providers working with rural, Southern residents to attend to tangible and intangible losses experienced as a result of COVID-19. These considerations can help inform work with rural Southerners dealing with grief during the pandemic.
Punishing for the Past (Sometimes): Judicial Perspectives on Criminal History Enhancements
Authors: Hester Rhys
Published: July 2021

Prior criminal record is routinely cited as one of the primary determinants of sentencing, and the common view is that prior record was a leading factor in non-guidelines jurisdictions going back decades. Yet, recent findings from a non-guidelines state failed to conform to this account. This study uses interviews with judges from a non-guidelines state to understand the role of prior record in sentencing in an unstructured sentencing state. This study also reexamines some of the early sentencing guidelines formation literature and finds some indications that pre-guidelines, prior record was not universally an instrumental predictor of sentence length.
It’s Who You Know (and Who You Are): Social Capital in a School-Based Parent Network
Authors: Cox Amanda Barrett , Steinbugler Amy C. , Quinn Rand
Published: July 2021

Social capital is broadly beneficial, but parents reap particular benefits from network ties. Schools are key organizations through which parents develop ties. In this article, we examine school-based networks that provide valuable resources. What factors are associated with greater access to key resources such as child care, parenting advice, and educational information? Using network data from mothers of eighth graders, we employ qualitative comparative analysis to examine mothers’ status and network characteristics associated with two types of resource access— basic access, where resources are accessed through a single parent, and robust access, where resources are accessed through multiple parents. We find that particular combinations of status and network characteristics are critical. A wide range of mothers attain basic access, but race and socioeconomic status constrain robust access. These findings raise important questions about relational patterns and resource access for parents within a racially and socioeconomically diverse school.
Neither Resiliency-Trait nor Resilience-State: Transactional Resiliency/e
Authors: Kuldas Seffetullah , Foody Mairéad
Published: July 2021

Since the 1970s, a proliferation of research and concept analysis of resiliency/e has attempted to clarify whether it is a trait or a state. Based on this dualistic approach, studies have either operationalized “resiliency” as a personality trait or “resilience” as a dynamic state. The present review of the concept argues that the trait-state dualism is likely to be a conceptual fallacy, one fundamental reason for the lack of consensus. To facilitate and build consensus, the present conceptual review calls for a transactional approach instead of the dualistic approach to the definition.
The Keepers: Returning Citizens’ Experiences With Prison Staff Misconduct
Authors: Novisky Meghan A. , Narvey Chelsey S. , Piquero Alex R.
Published: July 2021

Correctional staff play a major role in the incarceration experience for millions of U.S. adults each year. While much research has addressed misconduct perpetrated by incarcerated persons, less has systematically addressed rule-violating behavior by correctional staff and how such conduct is perceived by formerly incarcerated individuals. Using qualitative data gathered from 38 interviews with men and women recently released from prison, we examine their experiences with prison staff misconduct. Respondents shared observations of staff misconduct related to medical neglect, violence, and contraband, but experiences differed for men and women, raising concerns regarding conditions of confinement. We caution that such conduct has the potential to undermine the legitimacy of correctional authority in prison settings, which is troubling because heightened legitimacy is an important aspect of legal socialization that helps to reduce offending. Research and policy development on the frequency and consequences of prison staff misconduct is warranted.
Asociación de Mujeres Afro por la Paz: Feminism with the Body and Face of a Woman
Authors: Zulver Julia Margaret
Published: July 2021

The Asociación de Mujeres Afro por la Paz (Association of Afro Women for Peace—AFROMUPAZ) is an organization of displaced Afro-Colombian women now based in Bogotá. The organization represents a differential brand of feminism in the face of historical and ongoing violence and provides community, support, and employment opportunities for dozens of women and their families. Its “feminism with a woman’s body and face” is part of the landscape of popular feminism in the region, but its specific social location and its actions cannot be understood without a deliberate and critical understanding of race.

La Asociación de Mujeres Afro por la Paz (AFROMUPAZ) es una organización de mujeres afrocolombianas desplazadas ahora radicadas en Bogotá. La organización representa un tipo distinto de feminismo frente a la violencia histórica y continua, y ofrece oportunidades comunitarias, de apoyo y de empleo para decenas de mujeres y sus familias. Su “feminismo en cuerpo y cara de mujer” es parte del panorama del feminismo popular en la región, pero la comprensión de su ubicación social específica y acciones requiere de un acercamiento deliberado y crítico de la cuestión racial.
An Investigation of the Relationship Between Cross-Race Friendships and Attraction
Authors: Thai Michael , O’Donnell Alexander W. , Turner Rhiannon N. , Barlow Fiona Kate
Published: July 2021

Four studies investigated the link between cross-race friendships and attraction. In Study 1, White Australian participants ( N = 240) who reported friendships with racial outgroup members were more likely to report attraction to the members of the racial group their friends belonged to. Studies 2a ( N = 300 White American participants) and 2b ( N = 303 White British participants) showed that experiences of cross-race non-verbal intimacy, perceived cross-race reciprocity in attraction, positive perceived ingroup norms about dating cross-racially, and warmth toward the racial outgroup were particularly important in explaining the friendship–attraction link in majority samples. Study 3 ( N = 292 Black British participants) showed that in addition to the mediators above, self-disclosure was key to explaining the friendship–attraction link for racial minority group members. These findings extend the contact literature by exploring the specificity and mediators of the link between contact and attraction in the context of race relations.
Personality Traits and Attachments Styles in Romantic Relationships Deciding
Authors: Tosun Cansu , Yıldırım Murat , Altun Fatma , Yazıcı Hikmet
Published: July 2021

The research highlights the need for identifying factors influencing decision-making processes in romantic relationships. This study examined whether attachment styles could explain variance in decision-making process in romantic relationships above and beyond the personality traits. The sample included 428 Turkish adults (70.3% females, Mage = 24.69, SDage = 5). Participants completed the Relationship Deciding Scale, Big Five Inventory, and Relationship Scales Questionnaire. Correlation analysis showed that relationship decision-making correlated with personality traits and attachment styles. Regression analyses revealed that preoccupied and secure attachments significantly predicted decision-making in romantic relationships above and beyond the personality traits. The results suggest that attachment styles are important in explaining decision-making in romantic relationships that may be useful for research and practice focusing on romantic relationships.
“My Whole Family Is Not Really My Family”—Secure Care Shadows on Family and Family Practices Among Young Adults and Their Family Members
Authors: Enell Sofia , Wilińska Monika
Published: July 2021

This study based in Sweden explores family practices and family displays among young adults with a history of secure care, which limits and restricts contacts and therefore causes fundamental changes in relationships. Almost 10 years after institutional placement, narrations of 11 young adults and 11 nominated family members reveal ongoing struggles between imagined and lived realities of family. These struggles are revealed by memories and emotions evoked by the context of secure care and show how deeply the secure care penetrated their family lives. By using the metaphor of shadows, shadows of recalled horror of secure care (reflecting family displacement) and the pressure to make family work (reflecting restricting practices in secure care where only (birth) family were considered as family and relations of (natural) importance) are discerned. We call for more attention to the perversity of secure care arrangements, at both policy and institutional levels.
Interparental Conflict Across the Early Parenting Period: Evidence From Fathers Participating in an Australian Population-Based Study
Authors: Giallo Rebecca , Seymour Monique , Treyvaud Karli , Christensen Daniel , Cook Fallon , Feinberg Mark , Brown Stephanie , Cooklin Amanda
Published: July 2021

Current evidence about the prevalence of interparental conflict (IPC) during early parenthood is primarily based on mothers’ reports. Drawing upon Australian longitudinal data from 4136 fathers, the aims of the study were to: (a) report on the extent to which fathers report IPC across six biennial time intervals when their children were aged 6–12 months to 10–11 years, (b) identify trajectories of IPC over time and (c) identify postnatal factors (at the initial time point) associated with high risk trajectories of IPC. One in 10 fathers reported high IPC at each time interval. A high and increasing pattern of IPC was observed for 6% of fathers. Factors associated with this trajectory were fathers being from a non-English speaking background and high postnatal psychological distress reported by mothers and fathers. These findings underscore the importance of early intervention for some families experiencing IPC in the early years of their children’s lives.
Dengue and Psychiatry: Manifestations, Mechanisms, and Management Options
Authors: Dinakaran Damodharan , Sreeraj Vanteemar S , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan
Published: July 2021

Dengue is an arboviral infection endemic in tropical countries. Neurological sequelae to dengue infection are not uncommon, and psychiatric manifestations are increasingly reported. This narrative review aims to present the varied manifestations, postulated mechanisms, and the available treatment options for psychiatric morbidity associated with dengue. The evidence available from eight observational studies is summarized in this review. Depression and anxiety are noted to be prevalent during both the acute and convalescent stages of the infection. The presence of encephalopathy and other neurological conditions is not a prerequisite for developing psychiatric disorders. However, treatment options to manage such psychiatric manifestations were not specified in the observational studies. Anecdotal evidence from case reports is outlined. Special attention is paid to the role of epigenetic modifications following dengue infections and the role of histone deacetylase inhibitors in the management. DNA methylation inhibitors such as valproic acid play a significant role in reversing stress-, viral-, or drug-induced epigenetic modifications.
Preference for Mode of Learning for Knowledge and Skills by Professional Management Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period
Authors: Rao Gudivada Venkat , Vijayalakshmi D.
Published: July 2021

Learning of skill and knowledge are differentiated and acknowledged as the outcomes of education. The COVID-19 pandemic phase has disturbed the teaching in classroom, curriculum and academic calendar of educational institutes across the world. Blended learning is an integration of offline and online approaches of sharing subject resources online after classroom learning. Students pursuing professional management course at the university campus and a reputed private college were considered for sample selection. Only those sample respondents with attendance for both modes of learning were considered. The whole population of 360 was invited to participate in the survey, and 294 student participants’ responses were shortlisted for analysis. The instrument was standardized after conducting a pilot study. Descriptive tools, correlation, regression and ANOVA were applied for analysis. The learning in classroom shows strong preference with all the variables having a positive opinion. Furthermore, preference for classroom learning had not changed during the COVID-19 pandemic phase. The classroom learning variables were significant with the COVID-19 effect except for flexibility. The learning of skills with labs or workplace place exposure was preferred over skill learning with an online demonstration. In future, educational institutes should focus on training faculty in the techniques and delivery of online learning, implementing changes in the curriculum that are suitable for online mode of teaching and employing emerging information and communication technologies.

JEL Classification: I230
Engaging Contract Labour: Learnings from Landmark Judgements
Authors: Mitra Subir Bikas , Ghosh Piyali
Published: July 2021

Despite debates on its hiring, contract labour is a growing form of employment in India. Establishments usually maintain a workforce composition of both regular workers and contract labour for optimizing their available resources and ensuring financial prudence. However, in the process, they often get embroiled in compliance issues related to regularization and ‘equal pay for equal work’ in the context of contract labour. In this article, we have explored the different judicial interpretations of the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970, on contract labour. For this, we have referred to the landmark judgements passed by the Supreme Court of India on the deployment and regularization of contract labour, and also their entitlement to equal pay for equal work. A scrutiny of these judgements directs us to advise establishments to avoid engaging contract labour in their core and perennial activities. Considering the statutory provisions and the possible legal complications, we have recommended some measures to establishments to mitigate the underlying risks in deploying contract labour alongside regular workforce in similar kinds of jobs or activities. We propose that the legislative framework grants flexibility to industries to generate employment to contract labour, without compromising on the rights of these workers.
What can gaze behaviors, neuroimaging data, and test scores tell us about test method effects and cognitive load in listening assessments?
Authors: Aryadoust Vahid , Foo Stacy , Ng Li Ying
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate how test methods affect listening test takers’ performance and cognitive load. Test methods were defined and operationalized as while-listening performance (WLP) and post-listening performance (PLP) formats. To achieve the goal of the study, we examined test takers’ ( N = 80) brain activity patterns (measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)), gaze behaviors (measured by eye-tracking), and listening performance (measured by test scores) across the two test methods. We found that the test takers displayed lower activity levels across brain regions supporting comprehension during the WLP tests relative to the PLP tests. Additionally, the gaze behavioral patterns exhibited during the WLP tests suggested that the test takers adopted keyword matching and “shallow listening.” Together, the neuroimaging and gaze behavioral data indicated that the WLP tests imposed a lower cognitive load on the test takers than the PLP tests. However, the test takers performed better with higher test scores for one of two WLP tests compared with the PLP tests. By incorporating eye-tracking and neuroimaging in this exploration, this study has advanced the current knowledge on cognitive load and the impact imposed by different listening test methods. To advance our knowledge of test validity, other researchers could adopt our research protocol and focus on extending the test method framework used in this study.
Utility of compression immediately after venous closure: Does it matter?
Authors: Lajos Paul , Safir Scott , Weber Jonathan , Bangiyev Ronald , Faries Peter , Ting Windsor
Published: July 2021

Background

Leg compression after venous closures for 24–48 hours or longer is commonplace and controversial.

Objective

The goal of our study was to evaluate compression immediately post-venous closures and its associated costs.

Methods

Records were retrospectively reviewed after consecutive therapies of sclerotherapy, mechanochemical ablation (MOCA) & radiofrequency ablation (RFA) from 1 clinic with 2 cohorts: 7/2/13-10/15/15 were immediately ACE-wrapped for 3-5 days (AW, N = 52) and 10/20/15–1/5/16 were non ACE-wrapped (NAW, N = 49). All procedures were performed in an outpatient office setting of one surgeon (P.L.). Follow-up was within 1 week and 3 months with ultrasounds. Financial data of ACE wraps and ABD pads were assessed.

Results

Closures consisted of consecutive therapies of sclerotherapy (4 patients); MOCA (44 patients) and RFA (53 patients). No statistical difference existed in age (p = 0.61), sex (p = 0.2063); race (0.3689), CAD (p = 0.1442), ESRD (p = 0.2914), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.8943), hypertension (p = 0.681), COPD (p = 0.38), or smoking (p = 0.3628). NAW group had higher rate of hyperlipidemia (p = 0.0225), obesity (p = 0.0283), MOCA and sclerotherapy (p = 0.0005). No difference existed in pain (p = 0.8897); wound complications were too small to perform analysis; and swelling was greater in AW group compared to NAW group (p = 0.0132, OR 3.3951, CI 1.269; 9.0834). Closure rates were 98% and 100% in AW and NAW groups, respectively. NAW were only a total cost savings of $1.58 per leg per procedure.

Conclusion

AW for compression after vein closures confers no benefit in postoperative period with no effect on closure rates; may be associated with increased swelling, discomfort, and wound complications while increasing unnecessary and negligible monetary costs. Larger sample size is needed to validate these conclusions.
A simple prognostic score for COVID-19 hospitalized patients developing deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Bozzani Antonio , Arici Vittorio , Tavazzi Guido , Boschini Stefano , Guglielmi Angelo , Mazza Giovanni , Mojoli Francesco , Bruno Raffaele , Ragni Franco , Sterpetti Antonio V
Published: July 2021

Objective

The aim of our study was to analyze the specificity, accuracy and sensitivity of a simple, easy to calculate, prognostic score for hospitalized COVID19 patients developing deep vein thrombosis.

Methods

From March 1st to April 28th, 942 COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms were admitted to the hospital San Matteo of Pavia-Italy. Thirty two patients (3.4%) developed deep vein thrombosis during hospitalization. In all patients hemostatic and inflammatory parameters were abnormal. A simple prognostic score was developed based on the presence of specific co morbidities and D-dimers levels (quick San Matthew Score-quick SMS):

Results

Nine patients died in a condition of multiple organ failure, 23 patients (71.9%) survived and left the hospital in good general conditions. The developed score was based simply on two parameters: 1) presence of four specific co morbidities and 2)systemic levels of D-Dimers. The quick San Matthew Score resulted in a sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of more than 90% (94%, 92%,93% respectively) and compared favorably with other scores. The score was prospectively validated in 100 COVID19 patients who developed deep vein thrombosis collected from the literature and prospectively confirmed in our hospital.

Conclusions

The findings of our study underline the importance of an immediate aggressive therapeutic approach for moderate and high-risk patients with COVID19 infection. The quick SMS score may help to identify patients at high risk for mortality and to follow the clinical outcome of the patient. A simple, easy to calculate prognostic score may also facilitate communication among health workers.
Making space to write ‘care-fully’: Engaged responses to the institutional politics of research writing
Authors: Dufty-Jones Rae , Gibson Chris
Published: July 2021

As pressures around academic writing mount, human geographers have developed critical strategies to resist and rework the institutional politics of research writing. Overlooked, until now, is the role of pedagogy. We advance an engaged pedagogy of research writing and use this concept to propose three practical strategies: (1) understanding writing as social practice; (2) reimagining the temporalities of writing; and, (3) reimagining the spatialities of writing. We argue that an engaged pedagogical approach expands the possibilities of how human geographers can critically and practically respond to the institutional politics of research writing.
Integrated Framework for Risk and Impact Assessment of Sediment Hazard on a Road Network
Authors: Rose Santos Johan , Varghese Varun , Chikaraishi Makoto , Uchida Tatsuhiko
Published: July 2021

Road networks are highly vulnerable to risks stemming from both internal factors, such as the topological structure of the network, and external factors, such as natural disasters. The disruptions caused by these potential risk factors could result in severe physical and socio-economic losses. Therefore, understanding the impact and risk associated with road networks will be beneficial in reducing losses and helping to prepare better risk mitigation and management strategies. This study proposes an integrated approach to assess risk of sediment hazard on the road network by borrowing concepts from (a) transport vulnerability studies, (b) disaster risk assessment, and (c) spatial risk analysis and applying it to an identified vulnerable road network in Kure, Japan. The proposed risk framework holistically incorporates the processes of topological network vulnerability analysis, exposure spatial analysis, hazard occurrence probability estimation through binary logit regression, impact calculation using Monte Carlo simulation, and risk estimation. Using the recorded information on the rainfall event and sediment disaster that occurred in Hiroshima prefecture in July 2018, 12,000 possible multi-link disruption scenarios were simulated. Spatial distribution of the risk calculations helped to identify links with high probability of disruption and high impact, that is, high-risk links. The findings of this study may support policy decisions on road risk mitigation and recovery prioritization during disaster and road infrastructure investment through risk-benefit analysis.
Efficiency Comparison of Public Bike-Sharing Repositioning Strategies Based on Predicted Demand Patterns
Authors: Cho Jung-Hoon , Seo Young-Hyun , Kim Dong-Kyu
Published: July 2021

Public bike-sharing systems are used worldwide, and the imbalance between supply and demand for bicycles and operational inefficiency is becoming increasingly severe. For a system to operate efficiently, it is necessary to relocate bicycles among rental stations to minimize a lack of bikes at the station causing unmet demand. Recent studies have presented various repositioning strategies for bike-sharing systems and compared their efficiency. However, little consideration has been paid to the strategy of the spatial and temporal patterns of bike-sharing demand and the inventory level. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of the forecasted demand for the bike-sharing system and to compare the efficiency of different repositioning strategies to choose the most efficient one. We use three repositioning strategies with different additional constraints related to unbalanced stations and present computational results with real data in Seoul. Two indices represent the temporal variation of predicted inventory at each station and the coefficients of the spatial variation for hourly unmet demand. Linear classifiers are derived by linear discriminant analysis to classify the efficiency of each strategy according to developed indices. The study reveals that adding constraints of imbalanced stations to the strategy according to the spatiotemporal characteristics of forecasted inventory can help to reduce unmet demand. The result of this study enables proactive decision-making using proposed indices in operating bike-sharing systems and contributes to improving the efficiency and reliability of systems.
Probabilistic Situation Assessment for Intelligent Vehicles with Uncertain Trajectory Distribution
Authors: Huang Heye , Liu Jinxin , Zheng Xunjia , Liu Wenjun , Wang Jianqiang
Published: July 2021

Situation assessment is crucial for intelligent vehicles, enabling detection of potential risks to dynamic and complex traffic environments. In this paper, we propose a unified framework that tackles the coupling relationships between traffic participants and quantifies the possible range of vehicle trajectory generation and the expected losses caused by risk source attributes in the driving process. We first apply the state space trajectory planning scheme based on a sampling algorithm to generate the path candidates; each feasible path is designed through a parametric cubic spline. Then, to evaluate the risk range in the driving process, we quantify the interaction of traffic participants, and employ the principle of least action to calculate the cost of each feasible path when achieving the destination. The probability distribution map, namely the possible range of driving trajectories, can be obtained based on the path cost. Furthermore, the vehicle-to-vehicle interaction is calculated based on the equivalent force, which estimates the expected accident losses. Finally, the vehicle trajectory prediction and the expected loss are combined to output the probabilistic situation assessment of intelligent vehicles. The algorithm is implemented in different scenarios and applied to the trajectory planning process. Results demonstrate that, compared with the classical situation assessment metric, the developed method can determine and accurately identify the influence range of driving risk in real-time, predict a dangerous situation earlier, and ensure the vehicle avoids obstacles in advance.
“There Is Something Very Personal About Seeing Someone’s Face”: Provider Perceptions of Video Visits in Home-Based Primary Care During COVID-19
Authors: Franzosa Emily , Gorbenko Ksenia , Brody Abraham A. , Leff Bruce , Ritchie Christine S. , Kinosian Bruce , Sheehan Orla C. , Federman Alex D. , Ornstein Katherine A.
Published: July 2021

The rapid deployment of video visits during COVID-19 may have posed unique challenges for home-based primary care (HBPC) practices due to their hands-on model of care and older adult population. This qualitative study examined provider perceptions of video visits during the first wave of the COVID-19 crisis in New York City (NYC) through interviews with HBPC clinical/medical directors, program managers, nurse practitioners/nurse managers, and social work managers ( n = 13) at six NYC-area practices. Providers reported a combination of commercial (health system-supported) and consumer (e.g., FaceTime) technological platforms was essential. Video visit benefits included triaging patient needs, collecting patient information, and increasing scheduling capacity. Barriers included cognitive and sensory abilities, technology access, reliance on caregivers and aides, addressing sensitive topics, and incomplete exams. Effectively integrating video visits requires considering how technology can be proactively integrated into practice. A policy that promotes platform flexibility will be crucial in fostering video integration.
Online Activity and Achievements in Elementary School Mathematics: A Large-Scale Exploration
Authors: Hershkovitz Arnon , Tabach Michal , Cohen Anat
Published: July 2021

In a large-scale quantitative study that adopted a learning analytics approach, we searched for associations between students' activity in a game-based online mathematics learning environment and their mathematics achievements on a national standardized test. Students were active in the environment throughout the school year, and particularly during an online National Mathematics Olympiad (N = 239 schools). Overall, our findings point to a positive association between online game-based activity during the Olympiad and mathematics test scores. This association remained even after controlling for socioeconomic factors, which are known to contribute to academic achievements. The paper discusses these findings and suggests evidence for causality, in particular cognitive, meta-cognitive, and affective effects of the online activity that may have positively affected test scores.
Risk of Job Automation and Participation in Adult Education and Training: Do Welfare Regimes Matter?
Authors: Ioannidou Alexandra , Parma Andrea
Published: July 2021

This study explores the relation between risk of job automation and participation in adult education and training (AET) and examines variation in that relation across welfare regimes distinguishing between situational and institutional barriers. Using microdata of PIAAC, we analyze participation in formal or nonformal AET for job-related reasons in relation to the risk of automation of the respondents’ occupation after controlling for main sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression models are run on respondents from 14 European countries representing different welfare regimes: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (Scandinavian countries); Italy, Greece, and Spain (Southern European); Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Poland (Central and Eastern Europe), Belgium, France, and Germany (Continental); and United Kingdom and Ireland (Anglo-Saxon countries). Our findings confirm that workers in occupations at high risk of automation were found to be consistently less likely to participate in job-related AET, quite irrespective of welfare regime.
Breaking the Cycle: Women’s Perceptions of the Causes of Violence and Crime in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, and Their Strategies for Response and Prevention
Authors: Winter Samantha C. , Obara Lena Moraa , Aguilar Nathan Jason , Johnson Laura
Published: July 2021

Crime and violence are serious issues in informal settlements around the world. To date, there is a dearth of evidence about the causes of and effective strategies for reducing and preventing violence and crime in informal settlements in cities in the Global South. Additionally, women’s voices are often absent from research focused on violence and crime prevention and reduction in informal settlements. The purpose of this study, therefore, was (1) to identify potential causes of violence and crime in informal settlements, as perceived by women living in Mathare informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya and (2) to highlight residents’ strategies for response and prevention. Fifty-five in-depth and walk-along interviews were conducted with women living in Mathare in 2015-2016. A modified grounded theory approach was used to guide data collection and analysis. The most common contributor to violence and crime identified by women in Mathare was idle youth, but leadership and government challenges, corruption and/or inadequacy of police, community barriers, tribalism, and lack of protective infrastructure also emerged as contributing factors. Despite facing many economic, environmental, and day-to-day challenges, women in Mathare identified violence and crime as predominant issues; thus, developing effective response and prevention strategies to these issues is paramount. Women discussed many strategies and initiatives to reduce and prevent violence and crime in informal settlements, but also identified barriers to implementing them. Findings suggest there is a need for trust-building between formal and informal sectors of the community, systems of accountability, and long-term investment to foster sustainable and effective violence and crime response and prevention in these settlements.
Holistic Admission: What Is It? How Successful Has It Been in Nursing, and What Are the Possibilities?
Authors: Morrow Mary R.
Published: July 2021

Holistic admission review (HAR) practices have been identified as a means to increase diversity in the nursing profession. HAR practices consider the whole applicant in a dignified and respectful manner, while focusing on valued experiences, attributes, and metrics needed for the nursing profession. Nursing has lagged behind other healthcare professions in implementing holistic admissions and with support from national organizations are starting to move onward. Interviewing applicants appears to be a process embraced not only by healthcare service organizations but now by schools (and colleges) of nursing (SONs) that have implemented HAR practices. There is much to gain and not much to lose by using holistic admissions. In addition, increasing diversity in nursing is the only way one can determine if nursing diversity improves health disparities. Faculty need to consider all that their SONs, the profession, and those they serve can gain by implementing holistic admissions.
Best Practices in Patient-Centered Care: Nursing Theory Reflections
Authors: Ortiz Mario R.
Published: July 2021

The utilization of nursing theories should serve as the foundation of policies that guide care for patients and those they love. The author of this paper explores linking conceptual elements within nursing theories to high-quality patient-centered care examples and policies. These linkages make clear how nursing knowledge may be utilized within healthcare systems that value patient-centered care. These patient-centered care policies need to be explicit about the contributions of nurses to healthcare, regardless of setting.
Risking Human Dignity With Innovations: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of the Discipline of Nursing
Authors: Milton Constance L.
Published: July 2021

Computerized technologies and expanding digital information are evolving in a highly complex system where novel innovations and creations of artificial intelligence such as “care robots” entangle the interactions of machines with human beings. Its usage and the usage of other technologies potentially bring into question what it means to be a human being. Artificial intelligence and its products potentially transgress the core values of nursing and potentially risk human dignity. In this article, the author offers ethical (straight thinking) ethos and implications for the future of nursing as a discipline.
The Philosophical Turn to Mixed Methods for Nursing Science
Authors: Reed Pamela G.
Published: July 2021

In this article, I explore the turn to mixed methods in nursing. I examine the alignment of key characteristics (philosophical underpinnings and the concept of integration) of mixed methods with nursing’s disciplinary perspective and its links with theory. I also provide a brief overview of the history and current status of mixed methods and conclude by looking to the future to suggest an additional twist in the turn to mixed methods for nursing science.
Feeling Overwhelmed: A Parsesciencing Inquiry
Authors: Kabigting Edwin-Nikko R.
Published: July 2021

Feeling overwhelmed is a universal humanuniverse living experience of living quality. The scholar engaged in Parsesciencing, a unique mode of inquiry within the humanbecoming paradigm. The inquiry stance was: What is the discerning extant moment of the universal humanuniverse living experience of feeling overwhelmed? Historians were 12 individuals who were receiving or providing services at a metropolitan HIV/AIDS center. The major discovery of this Parsesciencing inquiry was the discerning extant moment: Feeling overwhelmed is arduous burdensome discomfort with perplexing immobilization surfacing with fervently pursuing repose.
Maudie: A Humanbecoming Movie Review
Authors: Hart Judith D.
Published: July 2021

The author in this paper reflects and offers insights on the paradoxical nature of dignity. Furthermore, the author relates this to his own experience watching Maudie and introduces this column’s reviewer.
Conceptualizing Suicidal Ideation Among Firefighters Through the Lens of an Integrated Theoretical Model
Authors: Henderson Elizabeth , Guthrie Barbara J.
Published: July 2021

Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States and is a major concern among professional American firefighters, with rates for suicidal ideation in firefighters two times higher than rates in the general population. The Neuman systems model integrated with the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide provides a better understanding of the specific occupational and cultural aspects of firefighting that lead to a greater risk for suicidal ideation. This model provides an innovative lens that can inform the development and the implementation of interventions aimed at preventing suicidal ideation among firefighters.
Transitioning to Adult Services for Youth With Medical Complexity: A Practice Issue Viewed Through the Lens of Transitions Theory
Authors: Li Lin , Strachan Patricia H.
Published: July 2021

As youth with medical complexity transition to adult services, their extensive support networks are disrupted, leaving them vulnerable to care gaps. Within the setting of a pediatric complex care clinic in Ontario, Canada, the authors conducted a needs assessment guided by transitions theory to better understand the movement to adult services for youth and their families. The authors here describe the application of transitions theory and critique the theory’s usefulness for understanding the transition to adult services for youth and their families.
The EXPAND-Model: A Hermeneutical Application of a Lifeworld-Led Prehospital Emergency Nursing Care
Authors: Holmberg Mats
Published: July 2021

Prehospital emergency care is the response to a patient’s life-threatening and critical medical condition out of hospital. Patients experience this as both existential and physical suffering. There is therefore a need to combine medical care and treatment with a caring science approach in order to provide lifeworld-led nursing care. A model for the application of lifeworld-led prehospital emergency nursing care was developed using Paul Ricoeur’s philosophy, bringing together the concepts understanding and explanation. The model comprises the phases of primary understanding, structural explanation, and secondary understanding, which together integrate medical care with a lifeworld perspective on the patient’s illness or injury.
Thoughts About Models of Nursing Practice Delivery
Authors: Fawcett Jacqueline
Published: July 2021

This is the first of two essays about five models of nursing practice delivery—total patient care, functional nursing, team nursing, primary nursing, and the attending nurse. Total patient care, functional nursing, and team nursing are discussed in this essay. The other two models will be discussed in another essay published in a future issue of Nursing Science Quarterly. Each model is described, and its connection with nursing discipline-specific knowledge is discussed. The extent to which each model ascribes accountability for practice also is discussed.
Impostor Phenomenon: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Gómez-Morales Abigail
Published: July 2021

Impostor phenomenon was first described by Clance and Imes in 1978 as the disbelief of own person’s capacities and skills in overachieving women. Since then, studies have focused on causes and characteristics of such self-perception. This negative thought impedes professionals to achieve full potential of their abilities, triggering a series of unpleasant reactions like anxiety or poor patient outcome. This concept analysis aims to provide better understanding of the impostor phenomenon and its impact on the nursing profession. Further it may raise awareness to help promote interventions oriented toward overcoming feelings of fraudulence that help in achieving the full potential of individuals’ skills.
Despite Symptom Severity, do Nursing Home Residents Experience Joy-of-Life? The Associations Between Joy-of-Life and Symptom Severity in Norwegian Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Rinnan Eva , André Beate , Espnes Geir Arild , Drageset Jorun , Garåsen Helge , Haugan Gørill
Published: July 2021

Background: Finding new approaches to increase health and well-being among nursing home (NH) residents is highly warranted. From a holistic perspective, several Norwegian municipalities have implemented the certification scheme framed “Joy-of-Life Nursing Home” Aims: In a holistic perspective on NH care, this study investigated if NH residents despite potential symptom severity experience joy-of-life (JoL). Therefore, we examined the frequency of common symptoms and the association between common symptoms and JoL in cognitively intact NH residents. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed. Using the QLQ-C15–PAL quality-of-life questionnaire, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and JoL scale, a total of 188 cognitively intact NH residents participated. Results: Symptom severity was high; 54% reported fatigue, 52% reported constipation, 45% reported pain, 43% reported dyspnea, 32% reported insomnia, 22% reported appetite loss, and 20% reported nausea, while 20% reported anxiety and 23% reported depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, 59% of the NH residents reported high JoL, which was significantly positively related to the quality of life and negatively associated with anxiety and depression.
A Holistic Transcendental Leadership Model for Enhancing Innovation, Creativity and Well-Being in Health Care
Authors: Barr Taura L. , Nathenson Sophia L.
Published: July 2021

Burnout in health care employees and leaders is at an all-time high. Strategies to address burnout can fall short of addressing the broad range of underlying causes, including both organizational culture and personal factors. The National Academies of Medicine has set forth recommendations to address health care burnout from a leadership-based systems level that focuses on the whole employee, body, mind, and spirit. Across generations and societies, there is a growing trend toward spirituality and meaning as a critical component of both personal life and work. Among the working-age millennials, values of purpose and greater societal good take precedent and impact work choices and behaviors. Spiritually based values such as a sense of purpose, the transcendence of the self and ego, and the acknowledgment of something greater than our collective selves, are present in both popular culture and research on transcendental models of leadership. This article presents a model of holistic transcendental leadership that can be leveraged in the health care workplace to enhance innovation and creativity, while placing a novel emphasis on the physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being at the individual, group, and organizational level.
NGO brokers between local needs and global norms: Trajectories of development actors in Burkina Faso
Authors: Knodel Kathrin
Published: July 2021

Local NGO brokers in Africa and beyond negotiate and mediate between (inter)national donors and potential beneficiaries within their communities. They translate local needs into development projects to make them suitable for international donors. This article looks at two main conditions that influence their work: First, windows of opportunity, which open and close according to structures and institutions beyond their sphere of influence; and second, their personality and skills. Based on two case studies from Burkina Faso, this article offers insights into biographies and life stories of such brokers where engagement leads to a distinguished lifestyle that contains aspects of cosmopolitanism and distinctiveness.
The role of vibration and pass number on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91/SiC composite layer during friction stir processing
Authors: Bagheri Behrouz , Abdollahzadeh Amin , Sharifi Farzaneh , Abbasi Mahmoud
Published: July 2021

In this study, nano-sized SiC particles are added to AZ91 magnesium alloy using friction stir processing (FSP) and friction stir vibration processing (FSVP) to produce surface nano-composite layers. FSVP is a modified method of FSP in which the specimen is vibrated during FSP. The influence of FSP and FSVP pass numbers on mechanical and microstructural behaviors of the developed surfaces is investigated. It is indicated that nano-composite layers produced by FSVP have finer microstructures compared to those produced by FSP, and nano-sized particles are distributed more homogeneously. Furthermore, mechanical properties including hardness, scratch resistance, ductility, and strength of FSV processed specimens, were higher than those related to FS processed specimens. The results show a decline in the porosity content as the FSP passes are increased. Also, the compressive strength of the FSVP-ed composites is higher than those for the FSP-ed samples. It is also noticed that an increase in the vibration frequency during the FSVP process causes a more uniform dispersion of composite particles and thus, decreases particle clustering.