bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic and Physiological Characterization of Metabacillus flavus sp. nov., a Novel Carotenoid-Producing Bacilli Isolated from Korean Marine Mud
Authors: Hwang Chi Young , Cho Eui-Sang , Yoon Deok Jun , Cha In-Tae , Jung Dong-Hyun , Nam Young-Do , Park So-Lim , Lim Seong-Il , Seo Myung-Ji
Published: May 2022

The newly isolated strain KIGAM252T was found to be facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, and rod-shaped. They grew at 10–45 °C, pH 6.0–10.0, and were able to tolerate up to 6% NaCl in the growth medium. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the KIGAM252T strain was related to the genus Metabacillus. The cell membrane fatty acid composition of strain KIGAM252T included C15:0 anteiso and C15:0 iso (25.6%) as the major fatty acids, and menaquinone 7 was the predominant isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The size of the whole genome was 4.30 Mbp, and the G + C content of the DNA was 43.8%. Average nucleotide and amino acid identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values were below the species delineation threshold. Pan-genomic analysis revealed that 15.8% of all genes present in strain KIGAM252T was unique to the strain. The analysis of the secondary biosynthetic pathway predicted the carotenoid synthetic gene cluster in the strain KIGAM252T. Based on these current polyphasic taxonomic data, strain KIGAM252T represents a novel species of the genus Metabacillus that produces carotenoids, for which we propose the name Metabacillus flavus sp. nov. The type of strain was KIGAM252T (=KCTC 43261T = JCM 34406T).
Nanoemulsified Formulation of Cedrela odorata Essential Oil and Its Larvicidal Effect against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)
Authors: Lemus de la Cruz Ana Sofía , Barrera-Cortés Josefina , Lina-García Laura Patricia , Ramos-Valdivia Ana C. , Santillán Rosa
Published: May 2022

Cedrela odorata L. is a plant species from the Meliaceae family that is cultivated for timber production. Although the C. odorata essential oil (EO) contains mainly sesquiterpenes, its insecticidal potential is unknown. The lipophilic properties and high degradation capacity of EOs have limited their application for use in pest control. However, the currently available knowledge on the nanoemulsification of EOs, in addition to the possibility of improving their dispersion, would allow them to prolong their permanence in the field. The objective of the present work was to develop a nanoemulsion of the C. odorata EO and to evaluate its larvicidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda. The EO was obtained by the hydrodistillation of C. odorata dehydrated leaves, and the nanoemulsion was prepared with non-ionic surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80) using a combined method of agitation and dispersion with ultrasound. The stability of the nanoemulsion with a droplet diameter of <200 nm was verified in samples stored at 5 °C and 25 °C for 90 days. Both the C. odorata EO and its corresponding nanoemulsion presented lethal properties against S. frugiperda. The results obtained provide guidelines for the use of wood waste to produce sustainable and effective insecticides in the fight against S. frugiperda. In addition, considering that a phytochemical complex mixture allows the simultaneous activation of different action mechanisms, the development of resistance in insects is slower.
Geospatial Social Determinants of Health Correlate with Disparities in Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis Cases in California
Authors: Johnson Kelly A. , Snyder Robert E. , Tang Eric C. , de Guzman Natalie S. , Plotzker Rosalyn E. , Murphy Ryan , Jacobson Kathleen
Published: May 2022

Syphilis and congenital syphilis (CS) are increasing in California (CA). From 2015 through 2019, for example, CA cases of early syphilis among reproductive-age females (15–44) and CS each increased by >200%. Certain populations—including people experiencing homelessness, using drugs, and/or belonging to certain racial/ethnic groups—have been disproportionately impacted. We hypothesized that geospatial social determinants of health (SDH) contribute to such health inequities. To demonstrate this, we geospatially described syphilis in CA using the Healthy Places Index (HPI). The HPI is a composite index that assigns a score to each CA census tract based on eight socioeconomic characteristics associated with health (education, housing, transportation, neighborhood conditions, clean environment, and healthcare access as well as economic and social resources). We divided CA census tracts into four quartiles based on HPI scores (with the lowest quartile having the least healthy socioeconomic and environmental conditions), then used 2013–2020 CA sexually transmitted diseases surveillance data to compare overall syphilis (among adults and adolescents) and CS case counts, incidence rates (per 100,000 population or live births), and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) among these quartiles. From 2013 to 2020, across all stages of syphilis and CS, disease burden was greatest in the lowest HPI quartile and smallest in the highest quartile (8308 cases (representing 33.2% of all incidents) versus 3768 (15.1%) for primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis; 5724 (31.6%) versus 2936 (16.2%) for early non-primary non-secondary (NPNS) syphilis; 11,736 (41.9%) versus 3026 (10.8%) for late/unknown duration syphilis; and 849 (61.9%) versus 57 (4.2%) for CS; all with p < 0.001). Using the highest HPI quartile as a reference, the IRRs in the lowest quartile were 17 for CS, 4.5 for late/unknown duration syphilis, 2.6 for P&S syphilis, and 2.3 for early NPNS syphilis. We thus observed a direct relationship between less healthy conditions (per HPI) and syphilis/CS in California, supporting our hypothesis that SDH correlate with disparities in syphilis, especially CS. HPI could inform allocation of resources to: (1) support communities most in need of assistance in preventing syphilis/CS cases and (2) reduce health disparities.
Controlled Recirculating Wet Storage Purging V. parahaemolyticus in Oysters
Authors: Mu Ruojun , Liu Chengchu , Parveen Salina , Webster Donald , Pang Jie
Published: May 2022

This work explored the effects of salinity and temperature on the efficacy of purging V. parahaemolyticus from eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Oysters were inoculated with a 5-strain cocktail of V. parahaemolyticus to levels of 104 to 105 MPN (most probable number)/g and depurated in a controlled re-circulating wet-storage system with artificial seawater (ASW). Both salinity and temperature remarkably affected the efficacy for the depuration of V. parahaemolyticus from oysters during wet-storage. The wet-storage process at salinity 20 ppt at 7.5 °C or 10 °C could achieve a larger than 3 log (MPN/g) reduction of Vibrio at Day 7, which meets the FDA’s requirement as a post-harvest process for V. parahaemolyticus control. At the conditions of 10 °C and 20 ppt, a pre-chilled system could achieve a 3.54 log (MPN/g) reduction of Vibrio in oysters on Day 7. There was no significant difference in the shelf life between inoculated and untreated oysters before the depuration, with a same survival rate (stored in a 4 °C cooler for 15 days) of 93%.
Risk Factors for Hospital Readmission for Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Statewide Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Benitez Gregorio , Shehadeh Fadi , Kalligeros Markos , Mylona Evangelia K. , Tran Quynh-Lam , Zacharioudakis Ioannis M. , Mylonakis Eleftherios
Published: May 2022

(1) Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with a high recurrence rate, and a significant proportion of patients with CDI are readmitted following discharge. We aimed to identify the risk factors for CDI-related readmission within 90 days following an index hospital stay for CDI. (2) Methods: We analyzed the electronic medical data of admitted patients in our health system over a two-year period. A multivariate logistic regression model, supplemented with bias-corrected and accelerated confidence intervals (BCa-CI), was implemented to assess the risk factors. (3) Results: A total of 1253 adult CDI index cases were included in the analysis. The readmission rate for CDI within 90 days of discharge was 11% (140/1253). The risk factors for CDI-related readmission were fluoroquinolone exposure within 90 days before the day of index CDI diagnosis (aOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.05–2.37), higher Elixhauser comorbidity score (aOR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.07), and being discharged home (aOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.06–2.54). In contrast, a longer length of index stay (aOR: 0.97, 95% BCa-CI: 0.95–0.99) was associated with reduced odds of readmission for CDI. (4) Conclusion: More than 1 out of 10 patients were readmitted for CDI following an index hospital stay for CDI. Patients with recent previous fluoroquinolone exposure, greater overall comorbidity burden, and those discharged home are at higher risk of readmission for CDI.
Simulation and Testing of the Radiation Performance of SiC Particles with Different Distribution Morphologies
Authors: Li Yanan , Wang Qun , Wang Xiaoli , Dong Shikui
Published: May 2022

Based on Mie scattering theory, fractal theory, the generalized multiparticle Mie model and the attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy method, this paper aimed to explore the influence of different distribution morphologies of semiconductor nanoparticles on their radiation properties. The results revealed that (1) the symmetry and fluctuation amplitude of the scattering direction of the SiC elementary particles, with a diameter of 100 nm, and the cluster particles were related to the wavelength, particle size and agglomeration state. (2) The particle size distribution had a significant effect on the spectral extinction performance of the SiC particles, especially when λ > 10 μm, which can be greatly strengthened by increasing the proportion of large-scale particles. (3) The influence of SiC particle clusters on their spectral extinction was directly related to the cluster size and wavelength. When λ < 10 μm, small-scale cluster particles showed lower extinction performances; however, the absorption and scattering factors increased with the increase in cluster size while λ > 10 μm, and the extinction performance significantly improved. In summary, the quantitative changes in the microscale and structure, as well as the distribution states, had a significant impact on the infrared spectral characteristics of the particles, and we expect to adjust the particle size distribution to obtain desired radiation properties.
Low Frequency Anti-Interference Mechanism of Axial Stretching Fiber Laser Hydrophones
Authors: Song Wenzhang , Tong Bo , Huang Junbin , Gu Hongcan , Tang Bo , Liu Wen , Pang Yandong , Yao Gaofei
Published: May 2022

For the axial stretching fiber laser hydrophone, a fiber laser is often exposed to flexural interference. A theoretical model for the flexural vibration of a fiber laser was therefore constructed in this paper to explore the low frequency anti-interference mechanism for the frequency response of an axially tensioned fiber laser hydrophone (FLH). A specific packaging structure was used for finite element comparison and simulation. Packaged FLHs were tested for frequency response. The simulation and test results reveal that the flexible attachment at both ends of a fiber laser leads to lower amplitude of flexural vibration compared with rigid attachment, which therefore promotes a flat acoustic response curve of an FLH. The analysis given in this paper can be taken as a basis for improving the packaging technique.
Local Correction of the Light Position Implemented on an FPGA Platform for a 6 Meter Telescope
Authors: Klochkova Valentina , Sheldakova Julia , Galaktionov Ilya , Nikitin Alexander , Kudryashov Alexis , Belousov Vadim , Rukosuev Alexey
Published: May 2022

The low-frequency component of the distortions caused by both the atmospheric turbulence and the behavior of the telescope itself has been studied. A corrector for the position of the center of the star image has been developed and is being used in front of the high-resolution Echelle spectrograph on the 6 m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences. To speed up the calculations and to increase the bandwidth, a laser beam angular stabilization system based on an FPGA platform is considered. The system consists of two tip-tilt mirrors and two quadrant photodiodes. The FPGA analyzes the signals from the photodiodes, calculates and then applies the voltages to the piezo-driven tip-tilt mirrors to minimize the displacement of the beam on the photodiodes. The stabilization system was developed as a part of the adaptive optical system to improve the efficiency of the high-resolution Echelle spectrograph.
Bryophyte Spores Tolerate High Desiccation Levels and Exposure to Cryogenic Temperatures but Contain Storage Lipids and Chlorophyll: Understanding the Essential Traits Needed for the Creation of Bryophyte Spore Banks
Authors: Tiloca Giuseppe , Brundu Giuseppe , Ballesteros Daniel
Published: May 2022

Understanding the desiccation and freezing tolerance of bryophyte spores is vital to explain how plants conquered land and current species distribution patterns and help to develop efficient ex situ conservation methods. However, knowledge of these traits is scarce. We investigated tolerance to drying (at 15% relative humidity [RH] for two weeks) and freezing (1 h exposure to liquid nitrogen) on the spores of 12 bryophyte species (23 accessions) from the UK. The presence of storage lipids and their thermal fingerprint, and the levels of unfrozen water content, were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The presence of chlorophyll in dry spores was detected by fluorescence microscopy. All species and accessions tested tolerated the drying and freezing levels studied. DSC suggested that 4.1–29.3% of the dry mass is storage lipids, with crystallization and melting temperatures peaking at around −30 °C. Unfrozen water content was determined <0.147 g H2O g−1 dry weight (DW). Most of the spores investigated showed the presence of chlorophyll in the cytoplasm by red autofluorescence. Bryophyte spores can be stored dry at low temperatures, such as orthodox seeds, supporting the creation of bryophyte spore banks. However, the presence of storage lipids and chlorophyll in the cytoplasm may reduce spore longevity during conventional storage at −20 °C. Alternatively, cryogenic spore storage is possible.
Tissue Culture and Somatic Embryogenesis in Warm-Season Grasses—Current Status and Its Applications: A Review
Authors: Muguerza Melody Ballitoc , Gondo Takahiro , Ishigaki Genki , Shimamoto Yasuyo , Umami Nafiatul , Nitthaisong Pattama , Rahman Mohammad Mijanur , Akashi Ryo
Published: May 2022

Warm-season grasses are C4 plants and have a high capacity for biomass productivity. These grasses are utilized in many agricultural production systems with their greatest value as feeds for livestock, bioethanol, and turf. However, many important warm-season perennial grasses multiply either by vegetative propagation or form their seeds by an asexual mode of reproduction called apomixis. Therefore, the improvement of these grasses by conventional breeding is difficult and is dependent on the availability of natural genetic variation and its manipulation through breeding and selection. Recent studies have indicated that plant tissue culture system through somatic embryogenesis complements and could further develop conventional breeding programs by micropropagation, somaclonal variation, somatic hybridization, genetic transformation, and genome editing. This review summarizes the tissue culture and somatic embryogenesis in warm-season grasses and focus on current status and above applications including the author’s progress.
Improving Epoxy Resin Performance Using PPG and MDI by One-Step Modification
Authors: Wen Yong , Liu Xudong , Liu Lang
Published: May 2022

The toughening modification of epoxy resin by polyurethane prepolymer (PU) can effectively solve the disadvantage of high brittleness in its application. In this study, a convenient way to toughen epoxy resins was explored, and the monomers PPG and MDI for the synthesis of polyurethane prepolymers were used for a one-step modification of epoxy resins. The test results of viscosity and elongation at break showed that P-M reduced the viscosity of the epoxy resin and improved the toughness. Especially when the content of P-M was 25%, the elongation at the break of the modified EP reached 196.56%. From a thermogravimetric and pyrolysis kinetic analysis, the P-M modification had better thermal stability than the PU modification. These findings have particular implications for the toughening and engineering applications of epoxy resins.
Effects of Temperature and Sulfuric Acid and Iron (II) Concentrations on the Efficacy of Decontamination of Spent Ion-Exchange Resins Containing Hematite
Authors: Matskevich Anna , Tokar Eduard , Markin Nikita , Priimak Igor , Egorin Andrei
Published: May 2022

The effect of H2SO4 and FeSO4 concentrations and temperature on the efficacy of decontamination of spent ion-exchange resins was estimated. The study was performed on model spent ion-exchange resins purposefully contaminated with hematite and Co-57 radionuclide. It was found that an increase in solution temperature up to 50 °C and the addition of FeSO4 increases the efficacy of decontamination of spent ion-exchange resins by 1 M and 2 M H2SO4 solutions by 1–2 orders of magnitude, whereas the decontamination factor value here is >103. Since under static conditions, the secondary adsorption of Co-57 was observed, the extra washing of ion-exchange resins by 3 M solution of NaNO3 is required. Decontamination under dynamic conditions excludes the secondary adsorption of Co-57, so that the necessity of the extra stage of washing can be skipped. Under dynamic conditions, the consumption of a solution of the composition H2SO4 (1 mol/L) + FeSO4 (0.2 mol/L) is 1.5-fold lower in comparison with the 2M solution of H2SO4 at compatible values of the decontamination factor. Such an approach enables reduction in the volume of secondary waste and the equipment corrosion due to the decrease in H2SO4 concentration.
Suppression and Utilization of Satellite Droplets for Inkjet Printing: A Review
Authors: Zhang Yanzhen , Hu Guofang , Liu Yonghong , Wang Jide , Yang Guodong , Li Dege
Published: May 2022

Inkjet printing, initially invented for text and pattern printing, has been extensively used to fabricate electronic, mechanical, and even biological devices. Numerous reviews focused on the mechanisms, development, and application of inkjet printing have been published in recent years. However, a small review has focused on the satellite droplets during inkjet printing. Satellite droplets have long been recognized as an undesirable byproduct in the inkjet community since they potentially blur the printing patterns, polluting the printer and the air. Numerous efforts have been made to avoid or suppress the generation of satellite droplets since the inkjet’s birth. However, recent studies demonstrated the delicately utilizing of the satellite for realizing extremely high printing resolution otherwise impossible for the traditional inkjet printing. In this review, we focus on the formation mechanisms of satellites, efforts made to suppress satellites, and techniques developed to utilize satellites, distinguishing them from the existing inkjet printing reviews.
Analysis of Plastic-Derived Fuel Oil Produced from High- and Low-Density Polyethylene
Authors: Jangid Chandni Joshi , Miller Kevin M. , Seay Jeffrey R.
Published: May 2022

The exponential growth of waste plastic accumulation has had an irreversible and lasting impact on the world. An imminent threat to marine and terrestrial ecosystems of massive proportions, plastic waste accumulation is a global problem that will not only have to be tackled by current generations but for many generations to follow. The scale of current recycling technologies and efforts to reduce consumption by for-profit and non-profit institutions, governments, and consumers will need to be rapidly increased to combat the negative impacts plastic waste has had on the planet since its conception. This is especially the case in areas with limited infrastructure to properly collect, manage, and dispose of plastic waste. Solutions to plastic waste accumulation crisis that are appropriate for the developing world are urgently needed. Conversion of plastic waste to liquid fuel by slow pyrolysis is a technology that is particularly suitable for developing countries due to its ability to convert polyolefin waste plastic into a useful product, thus preventing its eventual accumulation in the ecosystem. However, in developing countries, conversion techniques that do not rely on sophisticated technologies are needed. Since processing time and operating temperature are the simplest variables to control, an analytical study has been conducted to assess how the molecular composition of plastic derived fuel oil (PDFO) is impacted by these parameters. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies of PDFO from high- and low-density polyethylene plastic waste produced using appropriate technology techniques are presented alongside a comparison with traditional diesel fuel and kerosene. This approach is novel in that it differs from previously conducted research, which has studied the use of catalysts, additives, or single operating temperatures to assess the composition of PDFO. Therefore, this research contribution presents a simplistic and inexpensive approach for tuning PDFO composition in appropriate technology settings.
Ahmad Qābel, Religious Secularity and Velāyat-e Faqih in Iran
Authors: Ridgeon Lloyd
Published: May 2022

Religious secularity and Islam have not often been considered in the West as comfortable bedfellows, yet the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979 questioned assumptions about the appropriateness of separate spheres for religion and politics. However, within a decade of the revolution, theoretical and intellectual shifts were visible in the Iranian seminaries, and alternative views about the doctrine of velāyat-e faqih (guardianship of the jurists) which twinned religion and politics together, were being discussed. Such shifts transformed the doctrine from one which had a divine mandate to one that in practice emanated from the people. This article focuses upon the ideas of a mid-ranking reformist seminarian, Ahmad Qābel (d. 2012), whose tight adherence to reason resulted in him ultimately rejecting velāyat-e faqih, and calling for a form of religious secularity in which the seminary remained divorced from state structures and institutions. For Qābel, this did not mean the creation of an irreligious society, but the establishment of a more open and pluralist one, in which religious differences could be voiced. Qābel’s short essay on velāyat-e faqih is utilised herein to outline the main arguments of those who have refuted the doctrine. Qābel’s complete rejection of velāyat-e faqih is important because it went much further than the view of his spiritual mentor, Ayatollah Montazeri, who sought reform of the idea. As such, it demonstrates that within the seminary there is much difference of opinion, although there are very few (such as Qābel) who have the courage to articulate their opposition to the “official” view. Qābel’s essay provides a straightforward entry-point into a complex topic, employing the kinds of rationalist argumentation that he learnt within the seminarian environment of Iran.
Analysis of Deep Learning-Based Phase Retrieval Algorithm Performance for Quantitative Phase Imaging Microscopy
Authors: Visitsattapongse Sarinporn , Thadson Kitsada , Pechprasarn Suejit , Thongpance Nuntachai
Published: May 2022

Quantitative phase imaging has been of interest to the science and engineering community and has been applied in multiple research fields and applications. Recently, the data-driven approach of artificial intelligence has been utilized in several optical applications, including phase retrieval. However, phase images recovered from artificial intelligence are questionable in their correctness and reliability. Here, we propose a theoretical framework to analyze and quantify the performance of a deep learning-based phase retrieval algorithm for quantitative phase imaging microscopy by comparing recovered phase images to their theoretical phase profile in terms of their correctness. This study has employed both lossless and lossy samples, including uniform plasmonic gold sensors and dielectric layer samples; the plasmonic samples are lossy, whereas the dielectric layers are lossless. The uniform samples enable us to quantify the theoretical phase since they are established and well understood. In addition, a context aggregation network has been employed to demonstrate the phase image regression. Several imaging planes have been simulated serving as input and the label for network training, including a back focal plane image, an image at the image plane, and images when the microscope sample is axially defocused. The back focal plane image plays an essential role in phase retrieval for the plasmonic samples, whereas the dielectric layer requires both image plane and back focal plane information to retrieve the phase profile correctly. Here, we demonstrate that phase images recovered using deep learning can be robust and reliable depending on the sample and the input to the deep learning.
Impedance Characteristics of Monolayer and Bilayer Graphene Films with Biofilm Formation and Growth
Authors: Nakagawa Ryoichi , Saito Kai , Kanematsu Hideyuki , Miura Hidekazu , Ishihara Masatou , Barry Dana M. , Kogo Takeshi , Ogawa Akiko , Hirai Nobumitsu , Hagio Takeshi , Ichino Ryoichi , Ban Masahito , Yoshitake Michiko , Zimmermann Stefan
Published: May 2022

Biofilms are the result of bacterial activity. When the number of bacteria (attached to materials’ surfaces) reaches a certain threshold value, then the bacteria simultaneously excrete organic polymers (EPS: extracellular polymeric substances). These sticky polymers encase and protect the bacteria. They are called biofilms and contain about 80% water. Other components of biofilm include polymeric carbon compounds such as polysaccharides and bacteria. It is well-known that biofilms cause various medical and hygiene problems. Therefore, it is important to have a sensor that can detect biofilms to solve such problems. Graphene is a single-atom-thick sheet in which carbon atoms are connected in a hexagonal shape like a honeycomb. Carbon compounds generally bond easily to graphene. Therefore, it is highly possible that graphene could serve as a sensor to monitor biofilm formation and growth. In our previous study, monolayer graphene was prepared on a glass substrate by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Its biofilm forming ability was compared with that of graphite. As a result, the CVD graphene film had the higher sensitivity for biofilm formation. However, the monolayer graphene has a mechanical disadvantage when used as a biofilm sensor. Therefore, for this new research project, we prepared bilayer graphene with high mechanical strength by using the CVD process on copper substrates. For these specimens, we measured the capacitance component of the specimens’ impedance. In addition, we have included a discussion about the possibility of applying them as future sensors for monitoring biofilm formation and growth.
Design of Hardware and Software Equipment for Monitoring Selected Operating Parameters of the Irrigator
Authors: Jobbágy Ján , Bartík Oliver , Krištof Koloman , Bárek Viliam , Virágh Roderik , Slaný Vlastimil
Published: May 2022

The aim of this paper was to design a device for monitoring the work of irrigation technology (in our case, irrigation by sprinkler). Two devices for monitoring selected irrigation operating parameters for two hose reel irrigation machines were designed. During the monitored period of connection of the equipment to the sprinkler, 15 irrigation doses were carried out for both sprinklers. Irrigation operating characteristics working pressure, hose reel speed and selected weather conditions temperature and humidity were monitored. When evaluating the results, we proved the need to monitor the operation of the sprinkler not only by the coefficient of variation Cv, but also by introducing the coefficient of non-uniformity a. The results obtained indicate variability with respect to a particular irrigation dose and the applicable assessment method. The results were reviewed by one-way ANOVA analysis where observed coefficients and irrigation dose were considered as dependence factors. The results indicate a statistically significant impact of the applied quality coefficient of work and thus the impact of a particular device (p < 0.05, Fcrit = 2.77). When evaluating the effect of the included irrigation dose, we also showed a statistically significant effect in both facilities (p < 0.05, F = 1.92). By checking the operation of the hose reel irrigation machine, we managed to successfully apply the proposed classifications, which also perform the function of fault prediction. The proposed facilities show that proper plant operation and timely response can help create more efficient and sustainable irrigation services, not only saving water but also reducing costs for the owner.
Capacity Performance for Full-Duplex Multihop Wireless Networks Using Channel Interference Balancing Allocation Scheme
Authors: Khun Aung Thura Phyo , Lim Yuto , Kucera Stepan
Published: May 2022

Full-duplex (FD) communication has been attractive as one of the research interests related to spectrum utilization for wireless networks from the previous evolution of communication systems. Previous studies discuss the realization of the FD system by focusing on self-interference cancellation and transmit power control in low-power wireless network scenarios. Today, capacity maximization is a key challenge in FD multihop wireless networks, in which the multi-channel allocation may lead to imbalance interference power due to the different number of simultaneous transmissions and its group selection that occurred on the same sub-channels. In this paper, we focus on the capacity maximization of the FD system by considering the influence of total interference power on each sub-channel and how to balance by selecting the different number of simultaneous transmissions to form a group that leads to a minimum difference in the total interference power on those sub-channels. Therefore, a channel interference balancing allocation (CIBA) scheme for balancing the total interference power in the multi-channel multihop wireless networks is proposed and further investigated by the idea of cooperative transmission. We also adopt the concept of interference distance to overcome the interference balancing problem of the proposed CIBA scheme. Performance evaluation results reveal that the proposed CIBA scheme achieves lesser total interference power and higher achievable capacity than other fixed channel allocation schemes.
High-Resolution Doppler and Azimuth Estimation and Target Detection in HFSWR: Experimental Study
Authors: Golubović Dragan , Erić Miljko , Vukmirović Nenad
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we present a new high-resolution algorithm for primary signal processing in High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR). The algorithm has been developed to achieve and improve primary signal processing performance in existing HFSWR radars in terms of radar target detection. The proposed algorithm is based on a high-resolution estimate of the Range–Doppler (RD-HR) map using given number of frames in the selected integration period. RD-HR maps are formed at every antenna in receive antenna array. Target detection is based on an RD-HR map averaged across all the antennas. Azimuth estimation is performed by a high-resolution MUSIC-type algorithm that is executed for all detections we found in the RD-HR map. The existence of strong Bragg’s lines in the RD-HR map complicates the detection process but the contrast of the RD-HR map as well as the detectability of targets on the RD-HR map is significantly better compared to the RD-FFT map used by many existing radars, such as WERA.
Extensible Neck: A Gesture Input Method to Extend/Contract Neck Virtually in Video See-through AR Environment
Authors: Yamazaki Shinnosuke , Ohnishi Ayumi , Terada Tsutomu , Tsukamoto Masahiko
Published: May 2022

With the popularization of head-mounted displays (HMDs), many systems for human augmentation have been developed. This will increase the opportunities to use such systems in daily life. Therefore, the user interfaces for these systems must be designed to be intuitive and highly responsive. This paper proposes an intuitive input method that uses natural gestures as input cues for systems for human augmentation. We investigated the appropriate gestures for a system that expands the movements of the user’s viewpoint by extending and contracting the neck in a video see-through AR environment. We conducted an experiment to investigate natural gestures by observing the motions when a person wants to extend his/her neck. Furthermore, we determined the operation method for extending/contracting the neck and holding the position through additional experiments. Based on this investigation, we implemented a prototype of the proposed system in a VR environment. Note that we employed a VR environment since we could test our method in various situations, although our target environment is AR. We compared the operability of the proposed method and the handheld controller using our prototype. The results confirmed that the participants felt more immersed using our method, although the positioning speed using controller input was faster than that of our method.
Feature Optimization Method of Material Identification for Loose Particles Inside Sealed Relays
Authors: Sun Zhigang , Jiang Aiping , Wang Guotao , Zhang Min , Yan Huizhen
Published: May 2022

Existing material identification for loose particles inside sealed relays focuses on the selection and optimization of classification algorithms, which ignores the features in the material dataset. In this paper, we propose a feature optimization method of material identification for loose particles inside sealed relays. First, for the missing value problem, multiple methods were used to process the material dataset. By comparing the identification accuracy achieved by a Random-Forest-based classifier (RF classifier) on the different processed datasets, the optimal direct-discarding method was obtained. Second, for the uneven data distribution problem, multiple methods were used to process the material dataset. By comparing the achieved identification accuracy, the optimal min–max standardization method was obtained. Then, for the feature selection problem, an innovative multi-index–fusion feature selection method was designed, and its superiority was verified through several tests. Test results show that the identification accuracy achieved by RF classifier on the dataset was improved from 59.63% to 63.60%. Test results of ten material verification datasets show that the identification accuracies achieved by RF classifier were greatly improved, with an average improvement of 3.01%. This strongly promotes research progress in loose particle material identification and is an important supplement to existing loose particle detection research. This is also the highest loose particle material identification accuracy achieved to in aerospace engineering, which has important practical value for improving the reliability of aerospace systems. Theoretically, it can be applied to feature optimization in machine learning.
Gender and Age Differences in Preferences on Game Elements and Platforms
Authors: González-González Carina S. , Toledo-Delgado Pedro A. , Muñoz-Cruz Vanesa , Arnedo-Moreno Joan
Published: May 2022

This paper analyzes different player type models and game elements in the literature, particularly focusing on the case of online games. Research based on an exploratory study is presented; it aims to explore the different types of interaction with gameful digital applications. The study is based on a survey and provides findings from the literature review and empirical insights about users’ differences and preferences regarding game elements. The results reveal demographics regarding player profiles and the relationships between gender, age, culture, and the influence of different game design elements and platforms. The main contribution of this study fulfills the need for knowledge about the relationship between game element design, platforms/devices, and players (types and preferences).
A Cloud-Computing-Based Portable Networked Ground Station System for Microsatellites
Authors: Jiang Yifei , Wu Shufan , Mo Qiankun , Liu Wenzheng , Wei Xiao
Published: May 2022

Microsatellites have attracted a large number of scholars and engineers because of their portability and distribution characteristics. The ground station suitable for microsatellite service has become an important research topic. In this paper, we propose a networked ground station and verify it on our own microsatellite. The specific networked ground station system consists of multiple ground nodes. They can work together to complete data transmission tasks with higher efficiency. After describing our microsatellite project, a reasonable distribution of ground nodes is given. A cloud computing model is used to realize the coordination of multiple ground nodes. An adaptive communication system between satellites and ground stations is used to increase link efficiency. Extensive on-orbit experiments were used to validate our design. The experimental results show that our networked ground station has excellent performance in data transmission capability. Finally, the specific cloud-computing-based ground station network successfully completes our satellite mission.
Flash Flood Vulnerability Mapping Based on FFPI Using GIS Spatial Analysis Case Study: Valea Rea Catchment Area, Romania
Authors: Kocsis István , Bilașco Ștefan , Irimuș Ioan-Aurel , Dohotar Vasile , Rusu Raularian , Roșca Sanda
Published: May 2022

The risk associated with extreme hydrological processes (flash floods, floods) is more present than ever, taking into account the global climatic changes, the expansion of inhabited areas and the changes emerging as a result of inadequate land management. Of all the hydrological risks, slope flash floods represent the processes that have the highest impact because of the high speed of their development and their place of origin, which makes them difficult to predict. This study is performed in an area susceptible to the emergence of slope flash floods, the Valea Rea catchment area, spatially located in Northwest Romania, and exposed to western circulation, which favours the development of such processes. The entire research is based on a methodology involving the integration of spatial databases, which indicate the vulnerability of the territory in the form of a weighted average equation to highlight the major impact of the most relevant factor. A number of 15 factors have been used in raster spatial databases, obtained by conversion (land use, soil type, lithology, Hydrologic Soil Group, etc.), derived from the digital elevation model (slope, aspect, TWI, etc.) or by performing spatial analysis submodels (precipitation, slope length, etc). The integration of these databases by means of the spatial analysis equation based on the weighted average led to the vulnerability of the territory to FFPI, classified on five classes from very low to very high. The final result underlines the high and very high vulnerability (43%) of the analysed territory that may have a major impact on the human communities and the territorial infrastructure. The results obtained highlight the torrential nature of the analysed catchment area, identifying several hotspots of great risk, located mainly within the built-up areas of intensely inhabited regions; a fact which involves a major risk and significant potential material damage in the territory. The model was validated by directly comparing the results obtained with locations previously affected, where the flood effects have been identified, highlighting the fact that the model may be taken into account to be applied in practice, and also to be implemented in territories that share the same features.
A Review on VCII Applications in Signal Conditioning for Sensors and Bioelectrical Signals: New Opportunities
Authors: Safari Leila , Barile Gianluca , Stornelli Vincenzo , Ferri Giuseppe
Published: May 2022

This study reviews second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII)-based read-out circuits for sensors and bioelectrical signal conditioning from existing literature. VCII is the dual circuit of a second-generation current conveyor (CCII), which provides the possibility of processing signals in the current domain while providing output signals in the voltage form. The scope of this paper is to discuss the benefits and opportunities of new VCII-based read-out circuits over traditional ones and bioelectrical signals. The achieved main benefits compared to conventional circuits are the simpler read-out circuits, producing an output signal in a voltage form that can be directly used, improved accuracy, possibility of gain adjustment using a single grounded resistor, and the possibility of connecting several SiPM sensors to the readout circuit. The circuits studied in this paper include VCII- based read-out circuits suitable for all types of sensors configured in the current-mode Wheatstone bridge (CMWB) topology, the VCII-based read-out circuits solutions reported for silicon photomultiplier, spiral-shaped ultrasonic PVDF and differential capacitive sensors, and, finally, a simple readout circuitry for sensing bioelectrical signals. There are still not many VCII-based readout circuits, and we hope that the outcome of this study will enhance this area of research and inspire new ideas.
Kinematic and Kinetic Characteristics of Repetitive Countermovement Jumps with Accentuated Eccentric Loading
Authors: Gross Micah , Seiler Jan , Grédy Bastien , Lüthy Fabian
Published: May 2022

Two methods for challenging the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to better exploit the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) mechanism during plyometric training are reactive strength exercises and accentuated eccentric loading (AEL). Combining repetitive, reactive jumping with AEL poses a novel approach, in which the effects of both methods may be combined to elicit a unique stimulus. This study compared kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic variables between a control (CON1) and two AEL conditions (AEL2 and AEL3). Additionally, non-reactive and reactive jumps performed within these sets were compared. Participants performed two sets of six countermovement jumps (CMJ) under each loading condition. AEL3 had moderate to large positive effects (es) on peak and mean eccentric force (es = 1.1, 0.8, respectively; both p < 0.01), and eccentric loading rate (es = 0.8, p < 0.01), but no effect on concentric variables or muscle activation intensity. The effects of AEL2 were similar but smaller. With or without AEL, there were moderate to large positive effects associated with reactive CMJ (second jump in a set, compared to the first) on peak and mean eccentric velocity (es = 1.7, 0.8, respectively; both p < 0.01), peak and mean eccentric force (es = 1.3, 1.2, p < 0.01), eccentric loading rate (es = 1.3, p < 0.01) and muscle activity (es = 1.8–1.9, p < 0.01). Concentric variables did not differ. Thus, the flight phase and act of landing during reactive jumps elicited greater increases in eccentric forces, loading rates, and muscle activity than AEL. Nonetheless, kinetic variables were greatest when AEL was combined with reactive jumping. Considering the limitations or complexity associated with most AEL protocols, sets of repetitive (reactive) CMJ may be more pragmatic for augmenting eccentric kinetic variables and neuromuscular stimuli during training.
Affirmative Policy in Nepal’s Community Forestry: Does it Make a Difference in Terms of Social Sustainability?
Authors: Murer Carlo , Piccoli Alessandra
Published: May 2022

Decentralized forest management is criticized for not involving women in decision-making. The study explores what the introduction of affirmative policy in community forestry committees means for the participation of women in decision making in four cases in the middle hills of Nepal. The qualitative analysis of interviews and observations draws on feminist political ecology, a women’s participation typology, the critical mass theory and gender justice. The findings centre on the importance of electoral procedures, the role of authorities, the role of the familial context and whether and how women internalized and contested patriarchal norms. The women’s quota was found to have had as yet little impact on substantive participation, yet the enhanced exposure of female committee members to the discrepancy between the gender equality discourse introduced in community forestry and the persistent male domination seemed to create, in a few women performing as critical actors, an enhanced awareness of male suppression; an awareness that is a prerequisite for contestation of those patriarchal norms denying women access to power over forest and, generally speaking, of gender injustice. This research reports examples of women, brought in the executive committees by the studied affirmative policies, successfully contesting traditional gender roles and gender injustice, negotiating for them and for the other women, a more effective and meaningful participation in the management of Community Forests.
Spectral and Timing Properties of H 1743-322 in the “Faint” 2005 Normal Outburst
Authors: Dong Aijun , Liu Chang , Zhi Qijun , You Ziyi , Sun Qibin , Du Bowen
Published: May 2022

H 1743-322 is a well-known black hole X-ray binary (BH XRBs) that has been observed in several outbursts over the past. In this work, we have performed the spectral and timing analysis of H 1743-322 during the “faint” 2005 outburst for the first time with the RXTE/PCA data. In this outburst, the spectral and timing parameters (e.g., Tin, Γ, Rin, rms and QPOs, etc.) presented an obvious change and a q-like pattern was found in the Hardness Intensity Diagram (HID), which often named as the hysteresis effect of BH XRBs. The radius of the innermost stable circular orbit was constrained as RISCO∼3.50 Rg, which predicts that H 1743-322 is a lower-spin black hole. We further explored the correlation between timing and spectral properties. The relation of photon index Γ and X-ray flux, F3–25keV, presented a transition between negative and positive correlation when the X-ray luminosity, L3–25keV, is above and below a critical X-ray luminosity, LX,crit≃2.55×10−3 LEdd, which can be well explained by the Shakura-Sunyaev disk–corona model (SSD-corona) and advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF). We also found the tight linear, negative correlation between photon index Γ and the total fractional rms. Since the amount of soft photons from the accretion disk seems invariable, an increase of the number of soft photons will dilute the variability from the harder photons. Therefore, the softer the X-ray spectra will result in the smaller total fractional rms. The above results suggested that the 2005 outburst of H 1743-322 was a normal outburst and H 1743-322 represented similar properties with other black hole X-ray binaries.