bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF STUDENTS’ GENERAL PERCEPTIONS OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IN A COMPUTER ENGINEERING PROGRAM IN BRAZIL
Authors: dos Santos David Moises Barreto , dos Santos da Silva Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2021

This research aimed to evaluate students’ overall perceptions of Problem-based Learning use in a Computer Engineering program in Brazil. PBL is applied to nine interdisciplinary core courses of its curriculum. A 32-item questionnaire was administered to 115 students, with an average age of 20.9 (SD 2.7) between late 2014 and the beginning of 2015. It includes items on PBL general aspects, improved skills, PBL room and overall satisfaction. The results show that students’ degree of agreement with several items ranged from 4.1 to 5.9, in a seven-point scale. Some of these items revealed that 68.7% of the students got familiarized with PBL along the first year and there is a growing tendency among students to improve this familiarity with PBL over time. Moreover, the two items with lowest degree of disagreement were tutors’ feedback at the end of each tutorial session (35.7%) and the deadline to elaborate these solutions of problems (29.6%). Almost all students also agree with that PBL helps them to improve several skills, mainly problem-solving, self-directed learning and critical thinking. Repeating students in PBL courses scored higher than the non-repeating students. Many of them were statistically significant differences, inclusive for items on familiarization process. This can mean that their failures are not related to the familiarity with the method likely. Finally, most of the students are satisfied with PBL and like it, what indicates a successful use of it in the mentioned program.
Key words: problem-based learning, evaluation, students’ perception, computer engineering.
FORMATION OF YOUTH WORKER PROFESSIONALISM: PROBLEMS IN ESTONIA
Authors: Veigel Maarika
Published: May 2021

Youth field has been in constant evolution during the restoration period of Estonian independence, since 1991. The theoretical overview is about youth worker professionalism, associated with the developments in the European and Estonian youth field and in the context of the Berliner competency levels development model. It explains the expectations set for youth workers, to teaching and youth field institutions.
Youth work is expected, like formal education, with more clearly defined educational goals, and it is emphasized that it is a non-formal education. An important aspect is enjoying of the activities and its educational elements. The National Curriculum for Basic Schools and Gymnasium (2011) sets the expectations that the non-formal education will give more support to students to complete the curriculum of formal education. Youth work in Estonia is an essential component of the educational system. Therefore, the professionalism of youth workers and their coping with new challenges is very important. Over the last ten years, major changes in the Estonian youth worker professionalism and in the aspects of professional development haven’t been mentioned.
The answers are briefly: in Estonia youth worker profession has been associated with the development of youth field, but the staff preparation is very different and characterised by low working experience. Berliner presented development model of competency levels, treats the professional development as long-term, complex process, distinguishing between the five stages of development of the professional staff, which are also regarded in the context of the professional development of the youth worker. Youth work quality is dependent on the availability of professional youth workers and in order to gain it, the high mobility inside the sector should be reduced, a better situation and more support should be created for the formation of youth worker professionalism at the various levels of the professional growth.
Key words: competency, professional level, professionalism, youth work, youth worker.
SCIENCE SUBJECT AND THE ROLE OF A TEACHER
Authors: Kubiatko Milan
Published: May 2021

I would like to thank the editor of the journal, who gave me space to write some sentences about some actual problems of education. I am interested in science education, so the problems occurring in science education are close to me. So I would like to introduce you some problems of science subjects, which are well known, but solutions are searched for, how to improve the interest in science subjects among pupils and students. All below presented ideas are the opinions of the authors, you can disagree with or agree. The purpose is to evoke the discussion about the presented problematic. This problematic is still present in many articles, which are warning on the decreasing interest in this group of subject. So, where is the reason, that only a small amount of pupils and students like science subjects? There are plenty of answers, but which of them is correct? Maybe this one, that curriculum is focused on the knowledge too, not on the searching for reasons, why some things happened. And it can be the reason, why pupils hate these kinds of subjects.
A CRITICAL REFLECTION OF BRONFENBRENNER´S DEVELOPMENT ECOLOGY MODEL
Authors: Christensen Jonas
Published: May 2021

This analysis is a theory based reflection out of the development ecology. When studying an organisation, transformation and spheres of influence of professions and in education, the Development Ecology model provides a tool for understanding the encounter between societal, organisational and individual dimensions, a continual meeting point where phenomena and actors occur on different levels, including those of the organisation and society at large. However, the theory of development ecology may be questioned for how it looks at the individual’s role in relation to other actors in order to define and understand the forces underlying the professional development. The focus on the individual might prevent the understanding of group wise development. Resilience capacity on a mental, intra level and an entrepreneurial way of building, developing and keeping networks gives the different levels in the Development Ecology model a broader understanding of what stimulates learning processes. Factors relating to both the inside of the individual and social ties between individuals in a group context in relation to global factors need to be discussed. Key words: development ecology, organisation, resilience, science education, social ties.
PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENT TEACHERS´ CLASSROOM TALK DURING INQUIRY-BASED BIOLOGY LESSONS
Authors: Hiltunen Matti , Kärkkäinen Sirpa , Keinonen Tuula , Hähkiöniemi Markus , Lehesvuori Sami , Tikkanen Pirjo
Published: May 2021

In schools, classroom talk is often dominated by teachers´ lecturing or asking closed questions followed by teachers’ evaluative feedback. When the teacher presents ideas to students or uses the question-response feedback, the talk is considered as authoritative talk. On the other side, during dialogic talk, the teacher reacts to students´ views and responses. The important role of the teachers in promoting dialogic classroom talk has been demonstrated in many previous studies. However, little is known about how student teachers use different talk forms, especially in inquiry-based biology lessons which is the focus of this research. The primary school student teachers’ lessons – a total of 14 lessons of five student teachers – were videotaped and audiotaped. The data were analysed using theory-based content analysis. The results show that the primary school student teachers used more authoritative classroom talk than dialogical classroom talk in their inquiry-based lessons. Mainly, non-interactive authoritative talk form was used by all student teachers, and interactive dialogic talk form was used least. Authoritative talk was used in all stages of the inquiry-based lesson. Dialogic talk was used more during introduction and examination stages. The findings suggest that in teacher education, student teachers need scaffold in talking with pupils when carrying out inquiry-based teaching. Key words: authoritative talk, dialogic talk, inquiry-based lesson, primary school, teacher education.
EVALUATION OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS IN ASTRONOMY
Authors: Pundak David
Published: May 2021

Even though astronomy is the oldest science, it is still an open question how to evaluate students’ understanding in astronomy. In spite of the fact that some methods and evaluation tools have been developed for that purpose, the sources of students' difficulties in astronomy are still unclear. This paper presents an investigation of the changes in conceptual frameworks in astronomy among 50 engineering students as a result of learning a general course in astronomy. A special tool called Conceptual Frameworks in Astronomy (CFA), which was initially used in 1989, was adopted to gather data for the present research. In its new version, the tool includes 23 questions and five to six optional answers to each question. Each of the answers characterizes one of the four conceptual frameworks: pre-scientific, geocentric, heliocentric and sidereal. These four conceptual frameworks act as a taxonomical system that enables us to evaluate astronomical understanding. The paper describes the background of the CFA, its development, and discusses its validity and reliability. Using the CFA we were able to: (1) identify the students’ conceptual frameworks at the beginning of the course and at its end, (2) to evaluate the students’ paradigmatic change following the course. It was found that the measure of the students’ improvement (gain index) was g = 0.37. Approximately 45% of the students in the course improved their conceptual frameworks in astronomy and 26% deepened their understanding of the heliocentric or sidereal conceptual frameworks. The CFA can also be applied as an evaluation tool in all schools and institutions that teach astronomy. Key words: astronomy education, conceptual framework, diagnostic tool, engineering students.
Wilson’s Disease with Superimposed Autoimmune Features: A Case Report
Authors: Mazumder Md Wahiduzzaman , Karim ASM Bazlul , Begum Nazma , Md Nurullah - , Karmoker Lina Florance
Published: June 2021

The association of Wilson’s disease (WD) with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has rarely been documented. The difficulties in differential diagnosis of WD and AIH have seen specially in the paediatric population. Children with WD specially in younger ones, may have clinical features indistinguishable from autoimmune hepatitis. We report a case of 8-year old girl child who presented with jaundice, anaemia, leg oedema and arthritis. Ultimately the patient was diagnosed as a case of WD with AIH after meticulous investigation. Treatment was started with prednisolone, d-penicillamine and subsequently prednisolone was tapered with addition of azathioprine. D-penicillamine was stopped, with clinical and biochemical improvement and zinc was added to continue life-long. Follow up after 8 months of initial treatment she was non anaemic and non-icteric. Her leg oedema and arthritis also subsided. Liver biochemistry returned to normal level. It is important therefore to recommend strongly a thorough screening for AIH in patients with initial diagnosis of WD and also screening for WD for patients presenting with AIH. So a combined therapy may be of early benefit.

Ibrahim Card Med J 2015; 5 (1&2): 72-74
Situation of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene and Diarrhoeal Diseases After Open Defecation Free Declaration
Authors: Kafle Simrin , Pradhan Bandana
Published: May 2021

Background: Makwanpur district was declared Open Defecation Free in 2013 as the movement started in Nepal since 2003 to address the high burden of diarrhoeal disease among under five children. As the water supply, sanitation and hygiene situation of the district is not known after the declaration, the need for this study was visualized.Methods: It was a cross sectional study among randomly sampled 178 households using interview and observation. Water, sanitation and hygiene situation was assessed in terms of related facilities, knowledge and practices of mothers. Results were compared with the standard open defecation free criteria of Nepal. Five years trend of diarrhoeal disease was analysed from the health facility records to assess the impact of declaration.Results: Of the total households 92% had toilets and 90% had access to improved water source. About 79% mothers had high knowledge on safe water, sanitation and hygiene and 43% practiced hand washing with soap at critical times. Proper disposal of solid and liquid waste was found among 32% and 46% of households respectively. About 68% of households had good water, sanitation and hygiene situation and was found to be significantly associated with related knowledge among mothers irrespective of their economic status. Diarrhoeal disease among under five children was found declining after open defecation free declaration.Conclusions: Water, sanitation and hygiene status in the study area is found lower than the criteria for open defecation free declaration. However, diarrhoeal disease among children under five is declining after the declaration.Keywords: Diarrhoeal disease; Makwanpur; ODF; WASH.
Management and Outcome of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Patients
Authors: Lamichhane Sabitri , Manandhar Nayan , Dhakal Shailendra , Shakya Yagya Laxmi
Published: May 2021

Background: Severe sepsis and septic shock are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and need immediate medical attention. Early recognition, fluid resuscitation and early antimicrobials are the mainstays of sepsis therapy. This study analyzed the management strategies of severe sepsis and septic shock and evaluated its impact.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on patients admitted through emergency department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital of Nepal, who were diagnosed with severe sepsis and septic shock.Results: A total of 85 patients were diagnosed as severe sepsis and septic shock with 45 female patients and mean age 47.69 years ranging from 18 to 83 years. Pneumonia (45.9%) was found to be the major source of infection. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics and vassopressor at emergency department were ceftriaxone (24.7%) and norepinephrine (44.7%) respectively. The mean length of stay in Emergency department was 13.01 ± 7.03 h, while it was 11.27 ± 5.26 days in hospital. A total of 31 (36.5%) septic patients died. Deceased patients were found to have greater age, higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score and presence of co-morbid conditions.Conclusions: This study looked in-depth on management and outcome of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Mortality from severe sepsis and septic shock were high, but similar to other studies.Keywords: Antimicrobial therapy; emergency department; mortality; septic shock; severe sepsis.
Potentialities in the performance of coating mortars through the addition of sewage sludge ash
Authors: Oliveira João Victor da Cunha , Chagas Leila Soares Viegas Barreto , Meira Frankslale Fabian Diniz de Andrade , Carneiro Arnaldo Manoel Pereira
Published: May 2021

Through environmental policies that provide a gradual discussion about the destination of the tailings produced in the most diverse industrial sectors, the sewage sludge is emphasized by the problematic destination arising from the amount of toxic compounds that compose it, compromising its disposal. Aiming to fulfill the sustainable role through the creation of mechanisms that favor the ecological coexistence between environment and human beings, it is possible through the use of construction materials, considered as conventional, the use of calcined sewage sludge as an enhancer of the properties of matrix materials cement, significantly improving its performance against mechanical stresses and degradation mechanisms. Based on the need to implement measures to mitigate environmental impacts through the production of eco-efficient materials, the ashes of sanitary sewage sludge as a partial substitute for Portland cement have now been used as an input in coating mortars. This substitution focuses on reducing the large volume of sludge generated by the Sewage Treatment Plants, as well as on the reduction in the consumption of cement, a large CO2 generator during its manufacturing process. It was observed that through the use of this calcined by-product applied in mortars, a relevant physical-mechanical performance in cementitious materials is ratified, that in comparison to the material without the use of it, better results are observed, resulting from the reactivity conferred to the sludge after the thermal degradation process, making it a pozzolana.
Basin-wide infaunalisation of benthic soft-bottom communities driven by anthropogenic habitat degradation in the northern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Haselmair A , Gallmetzer I , Tomašových A , Wieser AM , Übelhör A , Zuschin M
Published: June 2021

Shallow coastal seas play an important role in the economy of many countries by sustaining fisheries, tourism, aquaculture and other economic activities. Their exploitation has large-scale ecosystem effects that are easily overlooked, as they often built up over decades or centuries, and historical ecological reference data are rarely available. Here, we assess these effects by comparing live and surface death assemblages (recording historical community states) of soft-bottom molluscs across a range of habitats in the northern Adriatic Sea, using the degree of mismatch between the 2 assemblages as a proxy for ecological change. We found a consistent live-dead mismatch at all stations. Although the degree of mismatch varied between stations with low and high time-averaging (i.e. the range of post-mortem shell ages), the community change followed the same trend over the entire Adriatic basin regardless of the type of sedimentary environment, with a loss of epifaunal species and the reduction of grazers, carnivores, and herbivores. In turn, the abundance of infaunal and opportunistic species feeding on plankton or detritus strongly increased in the living communities. Directionality and magnitude of these changes cannot be explained by time-averaging or by differences in species durability, but reflect a true ecological shift in response to multiple, long-lasting anthropogenic pressures, mainly bottom trawling, eutrophication and hypoxia. The original heterogeneous assemblages characteristic of different sedimentary habitats are thus replaced by a more infaunal, functionally impoverished and less diverse benthic community representing a new ecological baseline shaped by human impact.
BIMETAL/CARBON NANOCOMPOSITES CuCo@C BASED ON SYNTHETIC HUMIC ACIDS
Authors: Litvin Valentina , Galagan Rostislav , Shepak Dina
Published: June 2021

The new original method for the synthesis of bimetal-carbon nanocomposites of copper and cobalt (CuCo@C) of various compositions using synthetic humic acid as a carbon source has been developed. The technique includes the synthesis of humates of copper and cobalt, preparation of their mixture and its pyrolysis in a hydrogen atmosphere. For characterize the final product, the methods of diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy were used. Comparison of diffractograms of bimetal nanocomposites shown two systems of reflexes from fcc structures, which correspond to metallic copper and cobalt. Diffractometric measurements also indicate the amorphous nature of the carbon matrix. Carrying out the pyrolysis of the metal humates in the reducing atmosphere afford remove almost completely the contained oxygen from the final product, partly in the form of CO2, partly in the form of water. Ions of the transition metal in these conditions are reduced to the metal atoms, forming nanoparticles surrounded by carbon. The formation of a carbon matrix metal around nanoparticles, on the one hand, can ensure their high thermal stability, and on the other hand, contributes to the stabilization of metal nanoparticles and prevents their aggregation. The size of cobalt nanoparticles in nanocomposites varies from 35 to 54 nm, and copper nanoparticles - from 56 to 88 nm, depending on the ratio used in the synthesis of metal humates. It was found that nanoparticles of an alloy of these metals (alpha-cobalt phase) are formed in nanocomposites containing 20% ​​copper and 80% cobalt. Cyclic voltammogrames of bimetallic nanocomposites indicate the presence of dead pores in their composition. It has been established by scanning electron microscopy that in the case of an excess amount of copper in the nanocomposites, spherical formations about 1000 nm in size with faceting signs are formed. As part of the «bottom up» concept proposed a three-stage model of formation.
Эколого-экономические аспекты устойчивого развития региона
Authors: Баранова А. Ф. , Дмитриев Ю. А. , Ерлыгина Е. Г. , Зайцева И. А. , Кашицына Т. Н. , Котегова Л. А. , Лаврова Г. Н. , Левизов А. С. , Ловкова Е. С. , Никонорова С. А. , Пеньян Зелада М. Л. , Петров И. Е. , Ползунова Н. Н. , Рахова М. В. , Родионова Н. В. , Смирнов В. Н. , Штебнер С. В.
Published: May 2021

Экологическая составляющая, как эффект природопользования с каждым годом все больше лимитирует экономическую деятельность региона. В данной работе проводится обоснование наличия и тесноты рекурсивных связей между экономической и экологической деятельностью в целях обеспечения устойчивого развития регионов.
Mid-Layer Visualization in Convolutional Neural Network for Microstructural Images of Cast Irons
Authors: Lee Hyun-Ji , Hwang In-Kyu , Jeong Sang-Jun , Cho In-Sung , Kim Hee-Soo
Published: June 2021

We attempted to classify the microstructural images of spheroidal graphite cast iron and grey cast iron using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. The CNN comprised four combinations of convolution and pooling layers followed by two fully-connected layers. Numerous microscopic images of each cast iron were prepared to train and verify the CNN model. After training the network, the accuracy of the model was validated using an additional set of microstructural images which were not included in the training data. The CNN model exhibited an accuracy of approximately 98% for classification of the cast irons. Typically, CNN does not provide bases for image classification to human users. We tried to visualize the images between the network layers, to find out how the CNN identified the microstructures of the cast irons. The microstructural images shrank as they passed the convolutional and pooling layers. During the processes, it seems that the CNN detected morphological characteristics including the edges and contrast of the graphite phases. The mid-layer images still retained their characteristic microstructural features, although the image sizes were shrunk. The final images just before connecting the fully-connected layers seemed to have minimalized the information about the microstructural features to classify the two kinds of cast irons. Matrix phases such as ferrite and pearlite did not show prominent effects on the classification accuracy.
Multiverse Ethnography: A Qualitative Method for Gaming and Technology Use Research
Authors: Karhulahti Veli-Matti , Kauraoja Valtteri , Ouninkorpi Olli , Perttu Soli , Perälä Jussi , Toivanen Vilma , Siutila Miia
Published: May 2021

This article introduces multiverse ethnography as a systematic team-based qualitative method for studying the mechanical, structural, and experiential properties of videogames and other technological artefacts. Instead of applying the ethnographic method to produce a single in- depth account, multiverse ethnography includes multiple researchers carrying out coordinated synergetic ethnographic work on the same research object, thus producing a multiverse of interpretations and perspectives. To test the method, 41 scholars carried out a multiverse ethnography on two videogames, Cyberpunk 2077 and Among Us. Explorative thematic findings regarding both titles are reported and methodological implications of multiverse ethnography are discussed.
The effects of continuous labor support by midwife: a randomized control trial
Authors: BOSTANOGLU Gulsemin , DEMİRGÖZ BAL Meltem
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous labor support by midwife.
Methods: This study was a randomized controlled experimental design. Seventy primipara women were randomized into two groups, the continuous labor support by midwife group (n=35) and control group (n=35). In the experiment group was given the continuous midwife support and in the control group were undergone to routine hospital care in the clinic. Visual Analog Scale was used to assess women’s anxiety
level and coping with labor pain. All interventions and childbirth time were recorded by the researcher.
Results: Anxiety level decreased and the level of coping with labor pain increased in the experimental group (p<0.05). The total childbirth time in the intervention group was shorter by 2 hours and 21 minutes. Labor induction, episiotomy, amniotomy and perineal trauma were higher in the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Continuous labor support should be provided at each childbirth to enhance childbirth outcomes.
The Effect of Various Canal Contents on the Accuracy of Two Electronic Apex Locators in Detecting Different Size of Root Perforations
Authors: DOĞAN Tülin , UĞUR AYDIN Zeliha , ALTUNBAŞ Demet
Published: May 2021

Objective: This study was to investigate the effect of different canal contents on the accuracy of Gold Reciproc Motor (GRM; VDW, Munich, Germany) and DentaPort ZX (Morita Co, Kyoto, Japan) in the determination of artificial root perforations. Methods: Forty mandibular premolar teeth were included in this study. The crowns of the teeth were removed and the root lengths were standardized to be 14±1 mm. Roots were divided into 2 groups (n=20). Artificial root perforations were created 0.5±0.1mm and 1±0.1 mm in size respectively. The actual lengths (AL) up to the perforation areas were measured under the stereomicroscope. Electronic measurements (EL) were obtained by GRM and DentaPort ZX in dry conditions and the presence of NaOCl (5.25%), EDTA (17%) and blood. The difference was calculated by subtracting the ALs from the ELs. This difference was positive when the measurement was longer than the AL and negative when the measurement was shorter. The Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyze the data (p˂0.05). Results: There were no significant differences amongst the different intracanal conditions for both apex locators in teeth with perforation of 1 mm. In the teeth with a perforation of 0.5 mm DentaPort ZX measurements were not affected by intracanal conditions and the most accurate measurement was obtained when the canal was dry with GRM. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, intracanal conditions did not affect the measurements of DentaPort ZX in both perforation sizes, whereas in 0.5 mm perforation size, GRM measurements were affected by intracanal conditions..
The Impact of Human Values on Ethical Climate: A Private Hospital Practice
Authors: ARSLANOĞLU Ali , ANKARA Hasan Giray
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the impact of human values on ethical climate. The study also explores the factors affecting either human values or ethical climate.Methods: The study exploited the data of the staff in a private hospital operating in Istanbul. Accordingly, the data of 178 individuals was obtained in four weeks period starting from March 2019. Human values were measured by Human Values Scale which was validated by Dilmaç (2007). Ethical climate was measured by Ethical Climate Scale which was introduced by Schwepker (2001) and validated by Eren and Hayatoğlu (2011). The study employed one-way variance analyses and Kruskal Wallis tests to understand the variations in human values and ethical climate perception upon socioeconomic factors. Additionally, ordinary least square regression was performed to identify the effect of human values on ethical climate perception.Results: It was found that better human values were associated with increasing perceptions of ethical climate. Further, the number of children, age and the length of service had considerable impacts on both human values and the perception of ethical climate. Finally, marital status and educational status did not have any significant impacts on human values and ethical climate.Conclusion: It was identified that the people with better human values were more careful about ethical rules. The findings are important to understand the motivations of ethical climate in a competitive atmosphere. It is believed that further studies investigating ethical climates in public and private organisations comparatively will contribute to the literature.
Assessment of the Frequency and Correlation of Carotid Artery Calcifications and Pulp Stones with Idiopathic Osteosclerosis using Digital Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: SÖNMEZ KAPLAN Sema , KAPLAN Tuna , SEZGİN Güzide
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of carotid artery calcifications (CACs) and pulp stones with idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) using digital panoramic radiographs (DPRs) to determine whether pulp stones or IO might be possible indicators of the presence of CACs.Methods: In total, DPRs of 1207 patients (645 females and 562 males) taken within 2018 were retrospectively evaluated to determine the prevalence of CACs, pulp stones and IO according to age and sex. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test and Fisher’s exact chisquare test.Results: In total, 287 (23.8%) patients had at least one pulp stone, and 64 (5.3%) patients had CACs. The negative/negative (-/-) status of CACs/ pulp stones was significantly higher in the 18–29 years age group than in the 30–39, 40–49, 50–59 and ≥60 years age groups (p<0.05). It was also significantly higher in males than females (p<0.05). Sixteen (1.3%) patients had IO, which was related to right mandibular molars in all cases. Patients with CACs had a significantly higher prevalence of IO (6.3%) than those without CACs (1%) (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant association between pulp stones and the presence of IO and CACs (p>0.05).Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, pulp stones were not found to be diagnostic indicators of CACs. However, the presence of IO might be a risk factor for CACs.
COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY AT ADULT AGE
Authors: ŞENOL Muzaffer , ÖZÇELİK Neslihan , ÖZYURT Songül , DÖNMEZ Halil , GÜMÜŞ Aziz , ŞAHİN Ünal
Published: May 2021

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of diseases progressing with recurrent infections. This disease should be considered in cases experiencing recurrent lung infection, otitis media, rhinosinusitis, and urinary tract infection. Since it is generally seen in the childhood age group, the diagnosis in adults may be delayed. A Common Variable Immunodeficiency case, which was followed up in our clinic and characterized by recurrent upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonia, was presented to raise awareness on this issue. CVID should be kept in mind in patients who are admitted to outpatient clinics with recurrent infections, who do not respond despite appropriate treatments, and who develop complications.
Treatment Approach for Oral Candidiasis: Two Case Reports
Authors: KESER Gaye , NAMDAR PEKİNER Filiz
Published: May 2021

Candida infections are acute and / or chronic infections of the skin, mucosa, internal organs and systems which may be seen at any age. The purpose of this study is to present diagnostic and therapeutic approach for patients who applied to our clinic with the diagnosis of pseudomembranous candidiasis. Both patients who referred to our clinic were using inhaler due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Intraoral examination revealed pseudomembranous candidiasis localized on both the border of soft palate and through pharynx of a 60 year-old female patient and on the midline of hard palate of a 70-year-old male patient. Cultures were taken for mycological evaluation of the patients after clinical examination. Antifungal treatment was administered to both patients for 10 days. Healing was observed as a result of the treatment. No recurrence was observed at monthly follow-up assessments performed for patients. In cases of oral candidiasis, antifungal agents should be used locally in the form of suspension or pomade, evaluation of mycological culture should be performed to support clinical diagnosis and the etiological factors that may cause the disease should be studied.
The Effect of Probiotic and Omega-3 Supplements on Total Oxidant and Total Antioxidant Levels in Experimental Colitis
Authors: YOLDAŞ İLKTAÇ Havvanur , KIZILTAN Gül , OZANSOY Mehmet , KILIÇ Ülkan , ÖZMEN TOĞAY Sine , KESKİN İlknur , ÖZDEMİR Ekrem Musa , GÜNAL Mehmet Yalçın
Published: May 2021

Objective: Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) usually involves medical therapy. For this reason, it is recommended to seek alternative treatment methods such as nutritional therapy. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids on total oxidant and total antioxidant levels in an experimental colitis model.Methods: Mice were randomly divided into five groups (n= 10/group) as healthy group, colitis group, group treated with probiotics (VSL#3), group treated with omega-3 (w-3), and group treated with both probiotics and omega-3. To induce experimental colitis, 200 mg/kg dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) + 30% ethanol combination was rectally administered to anesthetized mice. Total oxidant (TOS) and total antioxidant (TAS) levels were measured at the tissue level.Results: Lower concentrations of TOS were observed in the probiotics groups (2.11±0.23 mmol H2O2 Eq/L), probiotics+omega-3 (2.56±1.18 mmol H2O2 Eq/L), and omega-3 (3.02±1.88 mmol H2O2 Eq/L) groups compared to the colitis group (3.11±0.91 mmol H2O2 Eq/L) (p>0.05). Higher TOS and TAS level were observed in the control colitis group compared to other groups; however, the differences were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Our findings showed that TAS and TOS levels were positively affected by the use of probiotic supplements in IBD. It was determined that using w-3 alone was ineffective in decreasing TOS levels. Studies with higher dosages and longer treatment.
Economic theory and (ontological) reductionism: some pitfalls in the road of the microfoundations project
Authors: Neris Jr. Celso Pereira , Fucidji José Ricardo
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to survey the literature on the theoretical enterprise of providing the microfoundations of macroeconomics. To do so, it evaluates that project from the viewpoint of economic methodology, mostly of critical realism. Its novelty lies in analysing the reductionism inbuilt in the project and its unsuitability both to its own terms and to the purpose of illuminating socioeconomic reality. We also stress that, in addition to a project of science (the sound or rigorous way of doing ‘scientific’ economics), it includes an implicit ontology of market sociability that establishes links between microfoundations and the neoliberal ideology. Some attempts at overcoming the reductionist individualism of microfoundations are also evaluated, such as complexity theory and old institutionalism, pointing out its potential and shortcomings. In order to deal with a complex, hierarchically multi-level structured and open reality, economic theory should not adopt explanations that give precedence to a single level. It should instead prefer approaches in which micro and macro levels are mutually conditioned and relatively autonomous.
Why is Bitcoin not Money? A Post-Keynesian view
Authors: Vianna Matheus Trotta
Published: May 2021

Bitcoin got increasing popularity and was considered by the public as a great investment due to huge overvaluation in 2017. In parallel, economists and high-level technicians started to advocate the use of bitcoin and other cryptographic currencies as an alternative to national currencies. However, bitcoin is far from being considered as money, so it is hard for a monetary and payment system to emerge based on these technologies. This paper, apart from briefly presenting the Bitcoin System, shows why bitcoin is not money in the light of the Keynesian theory. We use Keynesian essential properties of Money and Modern Money Theory to define money, and to show that cryptographic currencies are not money. We then go back to Keynes' theory of portfolio choice, established in Chapter 17 of the General Theory, to show what bitcoin really is: at most, bitcoin is a perfect virtual commodity, a virtual liquid speculative asset.
Crescimento sob restrição externa: evidências empíricas para países de renda baixa no contexto do boom dos preços internacionais das commodities (2000-2014)
Authors: Batista Henrique Rogê
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho sustenta-se sob a literatura pós-Keynesiana, a aplicação da Lei de Thirlwall Multissetorial (2007), para testar, numa amostra de 19 países de renda baixa, se o balanço de pagamentos restringe o crescimento da amostra agregada. O período selecionado para análise visa captar o momento de boom dos preços internacionais das commodities que, tendo em vista a composição da pauta exportadora por intensidade tecnológica destes países, majoritariamente de produtos primários e de baixa intensidade tecnológica, tende a beneficiar seus termos de troca. Além da validade da lei testada, os resultados indicam que os ganhos com a elevação dos preços das commodities são diluídos dado o volume importado nos setores de maior intensidade tecnológica e, inclusive, de commodities.
Minsky, Veblen e a endogeneidade das crises no capitalismo
Authors: Montani Martins Norberto , Chaves Drach Daniel
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar as crises a partir dos arcabouços analíticos de Minsky e Veblen. Busca-se compreender como os autores constroem suas teorias de crise como processos endógenos à dinâmica capitalista e quais os elementos principais de suas abordagens. Além disso, estabelece-se os pontos de convergência e divergência entre os dois autores, destacando que, ainda que partam de bases teóricas essencialmente distintas, as análises de Minsky e Veblen trazem uma série de elementos que possibilita o diálogo entre as abordagens. Destaca-se, dentre os elementos de convergência, a ênfase na natureza evolucionária dos processos econômicos e o papel da temporalidade e da incerteza em ambos os autores. Argumenta-se, ao final, que a análise minskyana implica um refinamento da análise das crises como fenômenos endógenos do capitalismo e que a incorporação de traços institucionalistas à sua teoria reforça essa concepção.
Desigualdade de renda em tempos de pandemia: uma análise da decomposição do ‹ndice de Gini a partir da PNAD Covid19
Authors: Trovão Cassiano José Bezerra Marques , Pitombo Leite Fabrício
Published: May 2021

Esse artigo tem por objetivos: 1) avaliar os primeiros impactos da pandemia sobre a desigualdade de renda no Brasil a partir da PNAD COVID19 do IBGE; 2) apresentar as contribuições das distintas fontes de renda para a composição do ‹ndice de Gini, evidenciando seu caráter de progressividade ou regressividade para o indicador; 3) quantificar o impacto do auxílio emergencial para a evolução da desigualdade de renda nesse período; 4) mensurar, a partir de cinco cenários, o impacto de uma possível alteração nos valores do auxílio emergencial, pressupondo sua continuidade em um futuro próximo ou sua extinção completa. Os resultados apontam que as proteções sociais, permanente e emergencial, mostraram-se fundamentais para a queda da desigualdade. Mais que isso, sua extinção ou a redução dos valores base, por elas definidos, provocarão um aumento da concentração de renda.
As Falhas da Modern Monetary Theory (MMT)
Authors: Carneiro Ricardo
Published: May 2021

A ascensão inusitada da Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) nos últimos anos, em particular após a crise financeira global de 2008, tornou-a um tema imperativo, tanto do ponto de vista acadêmico quanto no debate de políticas econômicas alternativas. A partir do reconhecimento da sua relevância, este artigo, sem a pretensão de ser exaustivo, aspira realizar uma avaliação crítica das suas principais concepções (i) teóricas, ou seja, o seu entendimento do dinheiro, e (ii) de política econômica, vale dizer, a sua proposta de financiamento do setor público e de uma economia em permanente pleno emprego. Não se busca fazer uma exegese das suas concepções e tampouco realizar análises exaustivas de um de seus aspectos, mas sobretudo, partir de sínteses pouco controversas, para examinar as possíveis consequências de suas propostas de política econômica.
The Act of PMTCT Program to Decrease the Numbers of HIV in Situbondo Regency
Authors: Reffita Lea Ingne , Suhita Byba Melda , Indasah Indasah
Published: May 2021

PMTCT is an effort to prevent the occurrence of HIV infection in women and prevent HIV transmission from pregnant mother to baby. The number of women infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) from year to year has increased, along with the increasing number of men who have unprotected sexual intercourse, which will transmit HIV to their sexual partners. The purpose of this research is to explore the implementation of PMTCT program in Situbondo regency. The research design used was qualitative research with phenomenology approach. Data collection used indepth interview technique with semi-structured question. Sampling technique in this research used purposive sampling with the sample size of 8 informants from 17 informants. From the result of the research showed that the implementation process of PMTCT program influences the development of PMTCT program in every year and will cause positive impact for both health worker and pregnant woman. In the process of PMTCT program implementation was influenced by several factors, such as, there were factors that support from the implementation process of PMTCT program as well as heading off the factors. From these inhibiting factors, several strategies were used to support the PMTCT program. Based on the research, it is necessary to conduct further research on the implementation process of PMTCT program

Keywords: PMTCT (prevention of mother to child HIV transmission); Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Quality of CT Scan Service to Patient Satisfaction in Radiology Unit of “Harapan Keluarga” Hospital
Authors: Khrisnawathy Kendra Wardhani
Published: May 2021

The CT scan inspection data from the Radiology unit at Harapan Keluarga hospital showed a decrease in the number of visits in 2014, is 457 patients with a target of 550 patients. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the quality of CT scan services on the level of patient satisfaction. This research used descriptive survey method. This research was conducted from November to December 2015 in Radiology Unit of Harapan Keluarga Hospital of Mataram City. Sample size in this study was 93 patients in period of 2012-2014, selected by using purposive sampling. Data collection method used is questionnaire or questionnaire. Primary data obtained through interviews or filling questionnaires given to respondents. The result showed that the quality of service to patient satisfaction CT scan from aspect tangible good service (86.0) good service reliability (64.5%), good service assurance (74.2%), good service responsiveness (61.3%) and good service empathy (50.5 %). Can be concluded based on patient satisfaction items that CT scan service has good category. The need to make the rules/SOP of CT scan patients concerning alertness and awareness of officers to be available if needed patients, conduct socialization to provide information about the program of promotional activities in patients.

Keywords: satisfaction; quality service; CT scan; inspection
Influence of Student Behavior on Hepatitis A Incidence and Prevalence in Islamic Boarding School “Sidogiri”
Authors: Secaria Bhirawa Odie Prino , Sulistyorini Lilis , Keman Soedjajadi
Published: May 2021

Islamic boarding school Sidogiri is one of the school which has 8.400 male students. The sanitary conditions of Islamic boarding school are closely related to the contagion rate of contagious environment-based diseases, one of which is Hepatitis A. Islamic boarding school Sidogiri experiencing Hepatitis A outbreak in 2014, attacked as many as 111 students. This research was conducted to find out the correlation between students behavior (knowledge, attitude, and action) with incident and prevalence of Hepatitis A. The type of research was analytic observational research by analyzing behavior with the occurrence of Hepatitis A (IgG and IgM). The study was conducted in Islamic boarding school Sidogiri Kraton subdistrict in Pasuruan district from July 2017 until March 2018. The population in this study were all students in Islamic boarding school Sidogiri. Sample selection was done randomly so that got sample amount 38 people. The result of this research mentioned that attitude and action factor have significant influence to the occurrence of hepatitis A (IgG) with p-value equal to 0.017. The lower the attitudes and actions, the higher the prevalence of IgG. While the action factor has a significant effect on the incidence of Hepatitis A (IgM) with p value of 0.001. The lower the action, the higher the prevalence of IgM. Socialization, promotion and health education needs to be done to reduce the risk of contracting hepatitis A.

Keywords: Islamic boarding school; students behaviour; hepatistis A; IgG; IgM
Green Tea (EGCG) Decreases Malondialdehide in Oxidative Stress Exposure to Psychological Stress
Authors: Priaminda M. Dodi F , Wirjatmadi Bambang , Purwanto Bambang , Adriani Merryana
Published: May 2021

Exposure to psychological stress can cause oxidative stress. Provision of exogenous antioxidants is expected to reduce the occurrence of oxidative stress. Green tea with its active ingredient Epigalocatechin Galat is considered to reduce the occurrence of oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the administration of green tea (EGCG) on the effect decreasing MDA levels against Wistar Strain (Rattus norvegicus) white rats exposed to psychological stress; with Randomized Post Test design of only group design by grouping into 5 groups, with control group and treatment group. Administration of steeping green tea (EGCG) with a single dose. To find out the significant influence of the independent variable on a set of variable group tested Manova. Post hoc testing using LSD (Least Significance Different) was performed to see significant differences between groups. In this study, obtained MDA data with significant decrease at the 6th hours after consum EGCG.

Keywords: oxidative stress; green tea, EGCG, malondialdehide
Self-Care Behavior in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using Herbals as a Complement to Treatment
Authors: Joeliantina Anita , Anugrahini Hepta Nur
Published: May 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that requires treatment or management in the long term. DM patients have a tendency to seek other treatment besides medical treatment. The use of herbs is one of the choices for DM patients in complementing self-care, especially in the treatment component. This study aims to explore in depth about self-care behavior in DM patients who use herbs as a complement to medical treatment. This study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological method approach. Participants were determined by purposive sampling technique as many as 9 participants. Data collection was carried out in August and October 2015 with in-depth interview techniques. Data analysis using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The data validation was done by using triangulation technique. There are three themes generated in this study, namely: 1) reasons for going to health services, 2) patient expectations after being diagnosed with diabetes, and 3) diabetes self-care. DM patients who have a tendency to use herbs as a complement to medical treatment must continue to carry out self-care regularly so that their blood sugar levels are controlled. The pattern of diabetes self-care behavior needs the attention of health workers, so that DM patients continue to carry out self-care regularly when using herbs as a companion to medical treatment.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; herbs; self-care