bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lacunes de sedimentation, series condensees et nodules de manganese dans les depots neogenes et quaternaires des bassins de l'ocean Indien austral
Authors: Leclaire L. , Clocchiatti M. , Muller C. , Caulet J. , Giannesini P.
Published: December 2014

This is a detailed stratigraphic study of core samples from basins in the southern Indian Ocean used to characterize early milieux which controlled neogenic and quaternary sedimentation. Distribution of the principal pelagic facies identified--coccolithic calcareous oozes, red clays, grey and brown diatoms--depended more on depth than on latitudinal hydrologic zonation. Stratigraphic succession of neogenic and quaternary sediment layers--in general, red clays at the bottom, calcareous oozes above--is usually discontinuous. Condensation sequences and manganese nodules are comparable to those from the Jurassic, Cretaceous and Paleogene in alpine areas. Their stratigraphic character indicates that lithological condensation was due to carbonate dissolution and sedimentation hiatuses. Their formation seems to depend on 3 principal phenomena: depth variation of the accelerated calcium zone in the course of time; crustal subsidence produced by dorsal ridges; and winnowing of sediments by deepwater movement. These results suggest a solution to the paradoxical problem of slow nodule growth--that it takes place during breaks in the sedimentation process.
The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on Datura stramonium L., Abutilon theophrasti Med., Onopordon acanthium L. and Verbascum thapsus L. seed germination
Authors: Bozic Dragana , Jovanovic Ljubinko , Raicevic Vera , Pavlovic Danijela , Saric-Krsmanovic Marija , Vrbnicanin Sava
Published: December 2014

The effects of several bacterial media [Bacillus licheniformis population 1
(MO1); B. licheniformis population 2 (MO2); B. subtilis (MO3); B. megatherium
(MO4); humates (MO5)] on seed germination of Datura stramonium L., Abutilon
theophrasti Med., Onopordon acanthium L. and Verbascum thapsus L. were
tested. Seeds were germinated in Petri dishes containing solutions with
different bacterial media. The highest germination percentage in all
treatments was recorded for V. thapsus seeds (100.0%). Different treatments
had diverse effects (stimulative or inhibitory) on seed germination of D.
stramonium [from 5% (MO1) to 13.3% (MO3), with 10.0 % in H20], A. theophrasti
[from 28.3% (MO3) to 65.0% (MO5), with 43.3 % in H20] and O. acanthium [from
10.0% (MO2) to 13.3% (MO1 and MO3), with 6.7% in H20], depending on the type
of media and weed species.
Tooth Fragment Reattachment: A Case Report
Authors: Taguchi CMC , Bernardon JK , Zimmermann G , Baratieri LN
Published: December 2014

The aim of this article is to present a case report for the multidisciplinary treatment of anterior tooth fractures with invasion of the biologic width and pulpectomy. Successful esthetic and functional results were achieved by bonding the crown fragment, without any form of preparation or the utilization of intracanal posts.
Failure Strengths of Composite Additions and Repairs
Authors: Tantbirojn D , Fernando C , Versluis A
Published: December 2014

Purpose

When adding composite to a cured composite restoration, the intent is to achieve the same failure strength as the original restorative material. This study evaluated the failure strengths of added or repaired composite using various chemical and/or mechanical surface treatments.

Methods

Failure strengths were determined using a four-point bending test. Beam-shaped specimens were fabricated by adding new composite to cured composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra). The cured composites were either fresh or aged seven days (N=10-14). The composite surfaces were left unground or were ground before treatment with various combinations of roughening, acid etching, silane, and dental adhesives (conventional Adper SingleBond Plus or new multimode Scotchbond Universal) and/or tribochemistry (CoJet system). Monolithic composite specimens were the control. Failure strengths were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Fisher protected least significant difference (α=0.05).

Results

Failure strengths (mean ± standard deviation) when composite was added to unground freshly cured composites (111±25 MPa) and aged composites using a new multimode adhesive with (102±22 MPa) or without (98±22 MPa) tribochemical treatment were not significantly lower than the monolithic specimens (122±23 MPa). Grinding the surfaces of freshly cured composite significantly reduced failure strength, either with (81±30 MPa) or without (86±31 MPa) use of conventional adhesive. Failure strengths of aged composites were also significantly lower (51±21 MPa with SingleBond Plus), even after tribochemical treatment (71±29 MPa with SingleBond Plus; 73±35 MPa with Silane-Visiobond).

Conclusions

Using a new multimode adhesive when adding composite to freshly cured or aged composite substrates recovered the failure strength to that of the original monolithic composite.
Gonadoblastoma in Patients with Ullrich-Turner Syndrome
Authors: Zelaya Gabriela , Marti Jessica M. López , Marino Roxana , de Dávila Maria T. Garcia , Gallego Marta S.
Published: December 2014

Ullrich-Turner syndrome (UTS) is a common chromosomal abnormality caused by partial or complete X chromosome monosomy. One half of the patients have a 45,X karyotype, whereas the remaining patients display other X chromosome anomalies. In 6% to 11% of UTS, a normal or partly deleted Y chromosome has been found. A 10% to 30% risk of developing gonadoblastoma was found in the latter patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Y chromosome-derived material, the occurrence of gonadoblastoma, and the incidence of possible neoplasms in patients with UTS. Of 217 patients studied with UTS and chromosome analysis of peripheral-blood lymphocytes, Y chromosome material was found in 20 patients. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing was performed to characterize the structurally abnormal Y chromosome in 13 cases. Molecular analysis of the SRY gene could only be performed in 20 patients with 45,X karyotype. Two patients had the SRY genomes. Of the 20 patients with Y chromosome-derived material, 17 underwent gonadectomy. The incidence of gonadoblastoma development in our series was 35.5%. Furthermore, 1 patient also showed a pure dysgerminoma, and another showed a mixed dysgerminoma and embryonal carcinoma. We emphasize the importance of complete processing of the gonadectomy specimen, including step sections, molecular studies, and FISH, in addition to the classic cytogenetic searching for Y chromosome sequences, in patients who present with a nonmosaic 45,X karyotype. Finally, we propose to routinely collect a sample for storage in the tumor bank for future studies.
Associations between early radiographic and computed tomographic measures and canine hip joint osteoarthritis at maturity
Authors: Andronescu Anemone A. , Kelly Laura , Kearney Michael T. , Lopez Mandi J.
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations of measures assessed by radiography, 2-D CT, and 3-D CT of the hip joints of immature dogs with osteoarthritis in the same joints at maturity.

ANIMALS 46 hound-type dogs from a colony predisposed to osteoarthritis.

PROCEDURES Images of hip joints (1/dog) were obtained at 16, 32, and 104 weeks of age. Radiographic measures included Norberg angle, distraction index, and osteoarthritis score. Two-dimensional CT measures included acetabular index, percentage of femoral head coverage, and center edge, horizontal toit externe, acetabular anteversion, and ventral, dorsal, and horizontal acetabular sector angles. Three-dimensional CT measures were femoral head and neck volume, femoral neck angle, and femoral head and neck radius. Differences among measures at 16 and 32 weeks in dogs with different osteoarthritis scores at later time points, relationships among variables at each time point, and relationships of single and combined measures with the presence of osteoarthritis at 104 weeks were evaluated.

RESULTS The 16- and 32-week distraction index, center edge angle, dorsal acetabular sector angle, horizontal acetabular sector angle, percentage of femoral head coverage, acetabular index, and Norberg angle and the 32-week femoral neck angle varied significantly with osteoarthritis severity at 104 weeks. Presence of osteoarthritis in mature dogs was most strongly associated with 16-week combined measures of distraction index and center edge angle and 32-week combined measures of dorsal acetabular sector angle and Norberg angle.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Changes in hip joint morphology associated with radiographic signs of osteoarthritis were detectable as early as 16 weeks of age and varied with osteoarthritis severity in adult dogs. The use of combined hip joint measures may improve early identification of dogs predisposed to hip joint osteoarthritis.
The Effect of Oxygen Staging on Nitrogen Conversion in Oxy-Fuel CFB Environment
Authors: Jankowska Sylwia , Czakiert Tomasz , Krawczyk Grzegorz , Borecki Paweł , Jesionowski Łukasz , Nowak Wojciech
Published: December 2014

This paper presents a study on nitrogen conversion in oxy-fuel coal combustion in a pilot scale CFB 0.1 MWth facility. The paper is focused on fuel-N behaviour in the combustion chamber when the combustion process is accomplished under oxy-fuel CFB conditions. The analysis is based on infurnace sampling of flue gas and calculations of the conversion ratios of fuel-nitrogen (fuel-N) to NO, NO2, N2O, NH3 and HCN. For the tests, O2/CO2 mixtures with the oxygen content of 21 vol.% (primary gas) and with the oxygen content varied from 21 to 35 vol.% (secondary gas), were used as the fluidising gas. Measurements were carried out in 4 control points located along the combustion chamber: 0.43 m, 1.45 m, 2.50 m and 4.88 m. Results presented below indicate that an increased oxygen concentration in the higher part of the combustion chamber has strong influence on the behaviour of fuel based nitrogen compounds.
The Analysis of Pipeline Transportation Process for CO2 Captured From Reference Coal-Fired 900 MW Power Plant to Sequestration Region
Authors: Witkowski Andrzej , Rusin Andrzej , Majkut Mirosław , Stolecka Katarzyna
Published: December 2014

Three commercially available intercooled compression strategies for compressing CO2 were studied. All of the compression concepts required a final delivery pressure of 153 bar at the inlet to the pipeline. Then, simulations were used to determine the maximum safe pipeline distance to subsequent booster stations as a function of inlet pressure, environmental temperature, thickness of the thermal insulation and ground level heat flux conditions. The results show that subcooled liquid transport increases energy efficiency and minimises the cost of CO2 transport over long distances under heat transfer conditions. The study also found that the thermal insulation layer should not be laid on the external surface of the pipe in atmospheric conditions in Poland. The most important problems from the environmental protection point of view are rigorous and robust hazard identification which indirectly affects CO2 transportation. This paper analyses ways of reducing transport risk by means of safety valves.
Chitosan microgels obtained by on-chip crosslinking reaction employing a microfluidic device
Authors: Zamora-Mora Vanessa , Velasco Diego , Hernández Rebeca , Mijangos Carmen
Published: December 2014

In the present work, we report on the preparation of microgels of chitosan crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) employing the microfluidics technique (MF). To achieve this, several flow focusing geometries were designed and tested. As a first step, a two-inlet flow focusing geometry was employed to emulsify chitosan and the crosslinking reaction was carried out offchip. This procedure did not allow separating the resulting chitosan microgels due to an incomplete crosslinking reaction. A crosslinking reaction on-chip was studied as an alternative. A four-inlet flow focusing geometrywas designed in which three dispersed phases, chitosan 0.25% (w/v), TPP 0.05% (w/v) and acetic acid 1% (v/v) and an continuous phase mineral oil + Span 80 (3% w/v) were employed. The flow rates for the continuous phase were varied from 6.7 to 11.7 μL/min and chitosan microgels were successfully obtained with average diameters from 68 to 42 μm. The average size of the microgels outside the MF device decreased up to ~21% with respect to their size inside the MF device due to partial expulsion of water from the microgels when complete gelation occurred.
On some nonlinear fractional PDEs in physics
Authors: Ahmad Jamshad , Mohyud-Din Syed Tauseef
Published: December 2014

In this paper, we applied relatively new fractional complex transform (FCT) to convert the given fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs) into corresponding partial differential equations (PDEs) and Variational Iteration Method (VIM) is to find approximate solution of time- fractional Fornberg-Whitham and time-fractional Wu-Zhang equations. The results so obtained are re-stated by making use of inverse transformation which yields it in terms of original variables. It is observed that the proposed algorithm is highly efficient and appropriate for fractional PDEs arising in mathematical physics and hence can be extended to other problems of diversified nonlinear nature. Numerical results coupled with graphical representations explicitly reveal the complete reliability and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v12i0.11687BIBECHANA 12 (2015) 59-69
Significance of neutrino-neutrino interaction in neutrino oscillation in core-collapse supernova
Authors: Nakarmi Prabandha , Nakarmi Jeevan Jyoti
Published: December 2014

We study the possibility of neutrino-neutrino interaction inside the neutrino core of supernova (ρ ≥ 1010 g/cc) and outside the neutrinosphere. The angular dependence of the neutrino-neutrino interaction Hamiltonian causes multi-angle effects that can lead either to oscillation or free streaming of neutrinos. If the angle between interactions is π/2, the neutrinos are trapped inside neutrino core and chances of oscillation increases due to interaction. As the angle gradually changes, the chance of oscillation decreases and free streaming of neutrino can be observed out of core of supernova as shock waves.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v12i0.11780            BIBECHANA 12 (2015) 89-95
On contact conformal curvature tensor in trans-Sasakian manifolds
Authors: Shah Riddhi Jung
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this paper is to study some results on contact conformal curvature tensor in trans-Sasakian manifolds. Contact conformally flat trans-Sasakian manifold, ζ-contact conformally flat trans-Sasakian manifold and curvature conditions C0(ζ.X).S = 0 and C0(ζ.X).C0 = 0 are studied with some interesting results. Finally, we study an example of 3-dimensional trans-Sasakian manifold. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v12i0.11783  BIBECHANA 12 (2015) 80-88
Viscosity of liquid Na-K alloy
Authors: Koirala R. P. , Singh B. P. , Jha I. S. , Adhikari D.
Published: December 2014

The present work reports a theoretical assessment of the composition dependence of mixing properties of liquid Na-K alloy at 384K at fixed pressure, most likely, at the atmospheric pressure. In this work we have estimated the interaction energy in the alloy at the mentioned temperature on the basis of quasi-chemical approximation for regular alloy and employed it to work out basic thermodynamic properties of mixing such as free energy of mixing, entropy of mixing and enthalpy of mixing as function of composition of the alloy. To understand the dynamic behaviour in the liquid Na-K alloy, we have carried out theoretical investigation of viscosity under consideration of Moelwyn-Hughes equation by using data for enthalpy of mixing obtained from quasi-chemical approximation. Due to scanty of experimental data on viscosity of Na-K alloy at 384K, we have performed computation of viscosity also from Kaptay equation for comparison. The calculations have shown that there is a good match between theoretically computed thermodynamic functions and the available corresponding experimental data. The sets of viscosity values obtained against composition from the two equations show deviations from the ideality and themselves are reasonably comparable to each other.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v12i0.11797BIBECHANA 12 (2015) 128-137
The Biggest Myth in Spatial Econometrics
Authors: LeSage James , Pace R.
Published: December 2014

There is near universal agreement that estimates and inferences from spatial regression models are sensitive to particular specifications used for the spatial weight structure in these models. We find little theoretical basis for this commonly held belief, if estimates and inferences are based on the true partial derivatives for a well-specified spatial regression model. We conclude that this myth may have arisen from past applied work that incorrectly interpreted the model coefficients as if they were partial derivatives, or from use of misspecified models.
Agricultural and Management Practices and Bacterial Contamination in Greenhouse versus Open Field Lettuce Production
Authors: Holvoet Kevin , Sampers Imca , Seynnaeve Marleen , Jacxsens Liesbeth , Uyttendaele Mieke
Published: December 2014

The aim of this study was to gain insight into potential differences in risk factors for microbial contamination in greenhouse versus open field lettuce production. Information was collected on sources, testing, and monitoring and if applicable, treatment of irrigation and harvest rinsing water. These data were combined with results of analysis on the levels of Escherichia coli as a fecal indicator organism and the presence of enteric bacterial pathogens on both lettuce crops and environmental samples. Enterohemorragic Escherichia coli (EHEC) PCR signals (vt1 or vt2 positive and eae positive), Campylobacter spp., and Salmonella spp. isolates were more often obtained from irrigation water sampled from open field farms (21/45, 46.7%) versus from greenhouse production (9/75, 12.0%). The open field production was shown to be more prone to fecal contamination as the number of lettuce samples and irrigation water with elevated E. coli was significantly higher. Farmers comply with generic guidelines on good agricultural practices available at the national level, but monitoring of microbial quality, and if applicable appropriateness of water treatment, or water used for irrigation or at harvest is restricted. These results indicate the need for further elaboration of specific guidelines and control measures for leafy greens with regard to microbial hazards.
Transfer RNA Methyltransferases from Thermoplasma acidophilum, a Thermoacidophilic Archaeon
Authors: Kawamura Takuya , Anraku Ryou , Hasegawa Takahiro , Tomikawa Chie , Hori Hiroyuki
Published: December 2014

We investigated tRNA methyltransferase activities in crude cell extracts from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum. We analyzed the modified nucleosides in native initiator and elongator tRNAMet, predicted the candidate genes for the tRNA methyltransferases on the basis of the tRNAMet and tRNALeu sequences, and characterized Trm5, Trm1 and Trm56 by purifying recombinant proteins. We found that the Ta0997, Ta0931, and Ta0836 genes of T. acidophilum encode Trm1, Trm56 and Trm5, respectively. Initiator tRNAMet from T. acidophilum strain HO-62 contained G+, m1I, and m22G, which were not reported previously in this tRNA, and the m2G26 and m22G26 were formed by Trm1. In the case of elongator tRNAMet, our analysis showed that the previously unidentified G modification at position 26 was a mixture of m2G and m22G, and that they were also generated by Trm1. Furthermore, purified Trm1 and Trm56 could methylate the precursor of elongator tRNAMet, which has an intron at the canonical position. However, the speed of methyl-transfer by Trm56 to the precursor RNA was considerably slower than that to the mature transcript, which suggests that Trm56 acts mainly on the transcript after the intron has been removed. Moreover, cellular arrangements of the tRNA methyltransferases in T. acidophilum are discussed.
Effects of Laser Operating Parameters on Piezoelectric Substrates Micromachining with Picosecond Laser
Authors: EL Fissi Lamia , Xhurdebise Victor , Francis Laurent
Published: December 2014

Ten picoseconds (200 kHz) ultrafast laser micro-structuring of piezoelectric substrates including AT-cut quartz, Lithium Niobate and Lithium Tantalate have been studied for the purpose of piezoelectric devices application ranging from surface acoustic wave devices, e.g., bandpass filters, to photonic devices such as optical waveguides and holograms. The study examines the impact of changing several laser parameters on the resulting microstructural shapes and morphology. The micromachining rate has been observed to be strongly dependent on the operating parameters, such as the pulse fluence, the scan speed and the scan number. The results specifically indicate that ablation at low fluence and low speed scan tends to form a U-shaped cross-section, while a V-shaped profile can be obtained by using a high fluence and a high scan speed. The evolution of surface morphology revealed that laser pulses overlap in a range around 93% for both Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) and Lithium Tantalate (LiTaO3) and 98% for AT-cut quartz can help to achieve optimal residual surface roughness.
Design and Implementation of a Bionic Mimosa Robot with Delicate Leaf Swing Behavior
Authors: Chang Chung-Liang , Shie Jin-Long
Published: December 2014

This study designed and developed a bionic mimosa robot with delicate leaf swing behaviors. For different swing behaviors, this study developed a variety of situations, in which the bionic mimosa robot would display different postures. The core technologies used were Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs), plastic material, and an intelligent control device. The technology particularly focused on the SMAs memory processing bend mode, directional guidance, and the position of SMAs installed inside the plastic material. Performance analysis and evaluation were conducted using two SMAs for mimosa opening/closing behaviors. Finally, by controlling the mimosa behavior with a micro-controller, the optimal strain swing behavior was realized through fuzzy logic control in order to display the different postures of mimosa under different situations. The proposed method is applicable to micro-bionic robot systems, entertainment robots, biomedical engineering, and architectural aesthetics-related fields in the future.
High-Resolution Imagery of Earth at Night: New Sources, Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Kyba Christopher , Garz Stefanie , Kuechly Helga , De Miguel Alejandro , Zamorano Jaime , Fischer Jürgen , Hölker Franz
Published: December 2014

Images of the Earth at night are an exceptional source of human geographical data, because artificial light highlights human activity in a way that daytime scenes do not. The quality of such imagery dramatically improved in 2012 with two new spaceborne detectors. The higher resolution and precision of the data considerably expands the scope of possible applications. In this paper, we introduce the two new data sources and discuss their potential limitations using three case studies. Data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day-Night Band (VIIRS DNB) is shown to have sufficient resolution to identify major sources of waste light, such as airports, and we find considerable variation in the peak radiance of the world’s largest airports. Nighttime imagery brings “cultural footprints” to light: DNB data reveals that American cities emit many times more light per capita than German cities and that cities in the former East of Germany emit more light per capita than those in the former West. Photographs from the International Space Station, the second new source of imagery, provide some limited spectral information, as well as street-level resolution. These images may be of greater use for epidemiological studies than the lower resolution DNB data.
Nitrate Removal from Wastewater through Biological Denitrification with OGA 24 in a Batch Reactor
Authors: Rossi Federico , Motta Oriana , Matrella Simona , Proto Antonio , Vigliotta Giovanni
Published: December 2014

Nitrates pollution of waters is a worldwide problem and its remediation is a big challenge from the technical and the scientific point of view. One of the most used and promising cleaning techniques is the biological treatment of wastewaters operated by denitrifying bacteria. In this paper we begin a thorough study of denitrifying performances of the bacterium Azospira sp. OGA 24, recently isolated from the highly polluted Sarno river in the south of Italy. Here, the kinetics of nitrates consumption operated by bacteria in a specifically devised batch bioreactor, in anoxic condition and with acetate as the organic substrate, has been characterized. Experimental data were then used in a simplified model of a real wastewater treatment plant to find that OGA 24 can clean water with efficiency up to 90%. The denitrifying performances of OGA 24 match the requirements of Italian laws and make the bacterium suitable for its employment in treatment plants.
Le rôle des « grandes surfaces » dans l'attraction des villes de l'Ouest du Bassin Parisien (Supermarkets and Towns Attractiveness in the Western Parisian Basin)
Authors: Pelatan Jean
Published: December 2014

Depuis 1970, entre la Manche et la Loire Moyenne, l'accroissement des grandes surfaces commerciales a surtout intéressé les agglomérations urbaines situées sur les axes majeurs de circulation. Ce développement maintient les distorsions régionales et les lacunes des secteurs déjà mal desservis dans la décennie précédente, et l'implantation plus récente de ce type de commerces en milieu rural ne modifie pas sensiblement l'aire d'attraction liée à l'ancienneté des implantations dans les centres principaux, qui bénéficient notamment d'un fort accroissement démographique et des habitudes de mobilité de la clientèle.
De Franceville à Masuku, ontogenèse d'une ville centenaire (From Franceville to Masuku, Development of a Hundred Years Old Town)
Authors: Pourtier Roland
Published: December 2014

Fondée par Brazza en 1880, Franceville, rebaptisée Masuku à l'occasion de son centenaire n'a été jusque vers 1970 qu'un petit poste administratif, chef-lieu d'une région enclavée, économiquement et culturellement plus proche du Congo que du Gabon. Depuis, l'exploitation minière de Moanda et Mounana, et surtout l'action du Président Bongo, natif du Haut Ogooué, ont conféré à Franceville un essor spectaculaire mais qu'entrave le manque de population.
Y a-t-il une périodicité des pluies dans le Sud-Ouest de l'Océan Indien ? (Is there any periodicity in the indian ocean rains ?)
Authors: Le Borgne Jean
Published: December 2014

Résumé. - A partir des séries de plusieurs stations de l'Ile Maurice, de celles de Saint Denis et d'Antananarivo, il est montré que les variations des précipitations dans le Sud-Ouest de l'Océan Indien tiennent davantage aux facteurs locaux qu'aux facteurs régionaux et que, malgré les apparences dues à l'utilisation des moyennes mobiles, il n'existe pas, comme le montrent les résultats obtenus d'après les tests de Kiveliovitch et Vialar, de périodicité. Il est donc vain de rechercher une concordance avec le cycle solaire.
Aperçu de la géomorphologie du Gabon (Outline of the Gaboon geomorphology)
Authors: Pérusset André-Christian
Published: December 2014

Abstract. - Compared with the geomorphology of other equatorial countries (Amazony, Borneo and Guyanas), the one of Gaboon shows a great variety of forms. Field-observations and numerous heliborne missions allowed us to appreciate varied landscapes.
Synthesis and characterization of pH responsive D-glucosamine based molecular gelators
Authors: Goyal Navneet , Mangunuru Hari P R , Parikh Bargav , Shrestha Sonu , Wang Guijun
Published: December 2014

Small molecular gelators are a class of compounds with potential applications for soft biomaterials. Low molecular weight hydrogelators are especially useful for exploring biomedical applications. Previously, we found that 4,6-O-benzylidene acetal protected D-glucose and D-glucosamine are well-suited as building blocks for the construction of low molecular weight gelators. To better understand the scope of D-glucosamine derivatives as gelators, we synthesized and screened a novel class of N-acetylglucosamine derivatives with a p-methoxybenzylidene acetal protective group. This modification did not exert a negative influence on the gelation. On the contrary, it actually enhanced the gelation tendency for many derivatives. The introduction of the additional methoxy group on the phenyl ring led to low molecular weight gelators with a higher pH responsiveness. The resulting gels were stable at neutral pH values but degraded in an acidic environment. The release profiles of naproxen from the pH responsive gels were also analyzed under acidic and neutral conditions. Our findings are useful for the design of novel triggered release self-assembling systems and can provide an insight into the influence of the the structure on gelation.
Metapragmatics: Gumperz's legacy in the study of language and power
Authors: Jacquemet Marco
Published: December 2014

S’appuyant sur des données ethnographiques issues de procès de criminels italiens, cet article discute l’héritage de John J. Gumperz dans les études sur le rôle du pouvoir dans la communication institutionnelle. En particulier il se centre sur l’usage de stratégies technopolitiques dans la domination interactionnelle. On explore comment l’intérêt de Gumperz pour le discours institutionnel a préparé le terrain à l’étude de la métapragmatique, c’est-à-dire le sens social implicite porté par la parole.
Au nom de quoi ? Les revendications de légitimité, expressions de mutations sociales et politiques
Authors: Hatzfeld Hélène
Published: December 2014

Aujourd’hui, il est fréquemment question de légitimité dans la vie quotidienne et les revendications de légitimité fleurissent. Cette multiplication et cette diversification de la légitimité sont révélatrices des mutations sociales et politiques profondes que nous traversons et elles transforment les conditions d’exercice des droits dans la Cité. L’extension de la légitimité hors des champs institutionnels du pouvoir et des compétences, dans les actions et expressions de la vie quotidienne, prolonge, sur un nouveau mode, les transformations du rapport au politique qui ont particulièrement marqué les années 1970. Elle révèle la capacité à former des espaces publics d’expression, d’échange et de critique, dans les failles et les marges des lieux institués de la représentation et de la concertation.
De la loi 2002-2 aux États généraux du travail social ( egts ) : deux voies pour la (re)construction d'une légitimité
Authors: Jaeger Marcel
Published: December 2014

Les travailleurs sociaux sont de plus en plus souvent en difficulté dans leur relation au mandat qui leur est confié sans que celui-ci soit toujours très clair ou sans que les conditions soient réunies pour qu’ils le remplissent. Ils sont ainsi confrontés à une crise de légitimité pour laquelle deux voies de sortie sont envisagées : une redéfinition de leur cadre d’action par la loi et une formule en cours d’expérimentation, les États généraux du travail social, comme étape d’un processus de refondation.
Comment légitimer le travailleur social ? La réponse de Mary E. Richmond à Abraham Flexner
Authors: Gravière Lilian
Published: December 2014

L’enjeu de l’article est d’établir que l’œuvre de l’une des toutes premières théoriciennes du travail social, Mary E. Richmond, fut profondément travaillée par la volonté de légitimer le travailleur social comme professionnel. Face à la critique portée par Abraham Flexner s’établit une stratégie se comprenant au regard de ce qu’Andrew Abbott nomme système de professions, stratégie dont le développement et la promotion de la méthode du social case work se révèlent être les pièces maîtresses. Enfin, l’article s’interroge sur la pérennité historique de ce qui apparaît comme l’un des modèles professionnalistes propres au travail social développés au xx e siècle.
L'accompagnement à la professionnalisation des bénévoles : pour quelle(s) légitimité(s) ?
Authors: Tardif Bourgoin Florence
Published: December 2014

Dans un contexte de professionnalisation associative (centres sociaux), le développement de la qualité et de l’évaluation vient renforcer une logique de compétences attendues du côté des bénévoles alors même que la dimension « formative » de leur engagement est inscrite historiquement dans un projet d’éducation populaire (au service d’une mutualisation des savoirs). L’organisation du rôle des bénévoles repose alors sur l’importation de méthodes « professionnelles » permettant de garantir le respect des règles de l’intervention sociale. Cela passe par des recrutements formalisés (compétences) et des temps de formation qui présentent des analogies avec les dispositifs classiques. Si la légitimité professionnelle repose sur la reconnaissance des activités de travail (formation et diplôme), sur quelle légitimité repose la formation des bénévoles ? Quelle place occupe-t-elle dans les logiques d’organisation, dans le déploiement des activités, dans les perspectives individuelles d’engagement ?
Problème de légitimité et reconnaissance : la plainte des assistants de service social à l'hôpital psychiatrique aujourd'hui
Authors: Leshaf Nacer
Published: December 2014

Les réformes que connaît l’institution hospitalière depuis ces vingt dernières années ont provoqué des modifications dans les organisations du travail et bousculé la pratique des professionnels. À l’hôpital psychiatrique, les assistants sociaux vivent mal ces bouleversements. Leurs plaintes répétées font irruption à tout moment, aussi bien dans des espaces formels qu’informels. Ils expriment un sentiment d’impuissance à apporter des solutions adaptées aux patients et à satisfaire l’attente d’un corps médical également sous pression. Ce travail de recherche en deis s’est intéressé au sens « explicite et caché » de ces discours dans les organisations. Ils traduiraient à la fois un sentiment de disqualification, de déclassement, et s’inscriraient dans une stratégie de ces acteurs afin de préserver leur position dans l’organisation et sauvegarder la pratique de leur métier. Tout cela dans un contexte de changement organisationnel important.
FOCUSED IMPEDANCE METHOD TO DETECT LOCALIZED LUNG VENTILATION DISORDERS IN COMBINATION WITH CONVENTIONAL SPIROMETRY
Authors: Kadir M. Abdul , Baig Tanvir Noor , Rabbani K. Siddique-e
Published: December 2014

Conventional spirometry gives information on the overall ventilation of a person's lung; it cannot detect localized disorders in ventilation as occurring in pulmonary edema, pneumonia, tumor, TB, etc. Here we propose a new technique involving the recently developed focused impedance method (FIM) in combination with conventional spirometry to detect localized lung ventilation disorders. Electrical impedance of lung tissue changes as a function of air content and FIM provides a measurement of localized electrical impedance with sensitivity down to reasonable depths inside the body using a few surface electrodes; here we used a six-electrode version. At least four quadrants of the lungs in the frontal plane can be separately measured using a hand-held probe with spring backed skin surface electrodes. Firstly, spatial sensitivity distribution of the six-electrode FIM was obtained using finite element simulation which verified the focusing effect and its depth sensitivity. Percent change in impedance between maximum inspiration and expiration were measured at four quadrants of the chest of a healthy male subject giving four different values; that at the lower right quadrant was found to be the maximum, as also expected based on anatomy. Changes in impedance at this quadrant of the same subject were found to vary proportionately with exhaled air volumes, measured using a bellows-type spirometer. Similar FIM measurements at lower right lung of seven healthy subjects were found to be almost proportional (R2= 0.7) to the total exhaled air volumes (vital capacity). This was the basis of the new technique. For a healthy individual, the ratio of the local impedance change to vital capacity (VC) will fall within a certain range for each of the four lung quadrants. A lower value at any quadrant would indicate disorder within that quadrant, while a larger value would indicate disorder in a region outside the particular quadrant. The FIM electrode probe can then be moved to take measurements at the other quadrants to locate the region of disorder. This preliminary study indicates that FIM in combination with conventional spirometry could be used to detect localized ventilation defects.
IMPORTANCE OF SIDEBAR-BONE SPACING DURING THE APPLICATION OF PERTROCHANTERIC FIXATOR ON FEMORAL INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURE MODEL; COMPARISON OF THE BIOMECHANICAL EFFECTS USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: Gok Kadir , Taspinar Ferruh , Inal Sermet , Gulbandilar Eyyup
Published: December 2014

Many unwanted traumas occur in daily life, the result of which may be intertrochanteric fractures in the musculoskeletal system. An intertrochanteric femoral fracture is a serious trauma which can lead to pneumonia, pulmonary embolism or death. Therefore, accurate and stable fixation of these fractures is necessary. Schanz screws with a pertrochanteric fixator body are used for the stabilization of intertrochanteric fractures. The stability of fractures created by external fixators is dependent on the frame and bone interaction. The distance between the fixator body and the bone, called "sidebar-bone spacing", is one of the most important aspects of fracture stability. The primary objective in the treatment of these fractures is to maintain the stability of the fracture in the reduction position to allow early mobilization. In this study, an intertrochanteric femoral fracture was fixed with a pertrochanteric fixator, then the effect of sidebar-bone spacing on the fracture line under axial loading was analyzed using AnsysWorkbench software. Stress and strain values on the fracture line and schanz screws were calculated to understand this effect according to the von-Mises criteria. The sidebar-bone spacing was selected as 8, 6 and 4 cm. The von-Mises stress value on the fracture line decreased as the distance between the fixator body and the bone decreased, although strain values increased. In conclusion, decreasing the sidebar-bone spacing in the pertrochanteric fixator used on hip fractures provides stronger stabilization, and demonstrates safer axial loading.
Evaluation capacity development in Africa: Current landscape of international partners’ initiatives, lessons learned and the way forward
Authors: Tarsilla Michele
Published: December 2014

Despite the copious resources allocated by international development partners to enhance African countries’ capacity to evaluate the performance and impact of development programmes and policies, most evaluation capacity building (ECB) efforts have not yielded the expected results. Time and energy have been focused on the measurement of short-term effects whilst long-term results have largely remained elusive. As a result, a variety of actors across the continent are calling for more innovative strategies. In particular, more efforts are currently being made to revitalise the evaluation function in international development at the global level and to enhance a shift from short-term training to more contextually relevant, systemic learning, equity and sustainability efforts. This article aims to provide a critical overview of ECB initiatives undertaken by international development partners in Africa over five years (2009–2014) that worked well and investigate how they could be improved. The common issues stress the need for harmonisation and collaboration between international partners and African institutions and more effective collaboration with in country institutions and organisations committed to evaluation capacity development (ECD). The analysis in this article is timely and relevant for both the strengthening of socalled made-in Africa evaluation methods and approaches and the roll-out of systemic and organic ECD strategies. The debate spurred by this article is likely to contribute to the current global debate on what strategies ought to be taken as part of the post-2015 agenda. This inturn will spur the debate on ECD to increase in importance and undoubtedly in intensity.
Preface: The role and influence of biblical values on social change
Authors: Viljoen Francois P.
Published: December 2014

No abstact available.
An Evaluation of Welding Processes to Reduce Hexavalent Chromium Exposures and Reduce Costs by Using Better Welding Techniques
Authors: Keane Michael J.
Published: December 2014

A group of stainless steel arc welding processes was compared for emission rates of fume and hexavalent chromium, and costs per meter length of weld. The objective was to identify those with minimal emissions and also compare relative labor and consumables costs. The selection included flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), shielded-metal arc welding (SMAW), and multiple gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes. Using a conical chamber, fumes were collected, and fume generation rates and hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) were measured. GMAW processes used were short-circuit (SC) and pulsed-spray modes. Flux-cored welding used gas shielding. Costs were estimated per meter of a 6.3-mm thick horizontal butt weld. Emission rates of Cr6+ were lowest for GMAW processes and highest for SMAW; several GMAW processes had less than 2% of the SMAW generation rate. Labor and consumable costs for the processes studied were again highest for SMAW, with those of several GMAW types about half that cost. The results show that use of any of the GMAW processes (and flux-cored welding) could substantially reduce fume and Cr6+ emissions, and greatly reduce costs relative to SMAW.
Calderón–Zygmund estimates for parabolic $p(x, t)$-Laplacian systems
Authors: Baroni Paolo , Bögelein Verena
Published: December 2014

We prove local Calderón–Zygmund estimates for weak solutions of the evolutionary

p(x,t)

-Laplacian system

\partial_t u-\mathrm {div}\ \big(a(x,t){|Du|}^{p(x,t)-2}Du\big) = \mathrm {div}\ \big({|F|}^{p(x,t)-2}F\big)

under the classical hypothesis of logarithmic continuity for the variable exponent

p(x,t)

. More precisely, we show that the spatial gradient

Du

of the solution is as integrable as the right-hand side

F

, i.e.,

|F|^{p(\cdot)}\in L^q_\mathrm {loc} \ \Longrightarrow\ |Du|^{p(\cdot)}\in L^q_\mathrm {loc} \quad\text{for any $q>1$},

together with quantitative estimates. Thereby we allow the presence of eventually discontinuous coefficients

a(x,t)

, requiring only a VMO condition with respect to the spatial variable

x

.
Centers of algebras associated to higher-rank graphs
Authors: Brown Jonathan H. , an Huef Astrid
Published: December 2014

The Kumjian–Pask algebras are path algebras associated to higher-rank graphs, and generalize the Leavitt path algebras. We study the center of a simple Kumjian–Pask algebra and characterize commutative Kumjian–Pask algebras
Influence of particle phase state on the hygroscopic behavior of mixed organic–inorganic aerosols
Authors: Hodas N. , Zuend A. , Mui W. , Flagan R. C. , Seinfeld J. H.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Recent work has demonstrated that organic and mixed organic–inorganic particles can exhibit multiple phase states depending on their chemical composition and on ambient conditions such as relative humidity (RH). To explore the extent to which water uptake varies with particle phase behavior, hygroscopic growth factors (HGFs) of nine laboratory-generated, organic and organic–inorganic aerosol systems with physical states ranging from well-mixed liquids, to phase-separated particles, to viscous liquids or semi-solids were measured with the Differential Aerosol Sizing and Hygroscopicity Spectrometer Probe at RH values ranging from 40–90%. Water-uptake measurements were accompanied by HGF and RH-dependent thermodynamic equilibrium calculations using the Aerosol Inorganic–Organic Mixtures Functional groups Activity Coefficients (AIOMFAC) model. In addition, AIOMFAC-predicted growth curves are compared to several simplified HGF modeling approaches: (1) representing particles as ideal, well-mixed liquids, (2) forcing a single phase, but accounting for non-ideal interactions through activity coefficient calculations, and (3) a Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson-like calculation in which complete separation between the inorganic and organic components is assumed at all RH values, with water-uptake treated separately in each of the individual phases. We observed variability in the characteristics of measured hygroscopic growth curves across aerosol systems with differing phase behaviors, with growth curves approaching smoother, more continuous water uptake with decreasing prevalence of liquid–liquid phase separation and increasing oxygen : carbon ratios of the organic aerosol components. We also observed indirect evidence for the dehydration-induced formation of highly viscous semi-solid phases and for kinetic limitations to the crystallization of ammonium sulfate at low RH for sucrose-containing particles. AIOMFAC-predicted growth curves are generally in good agreement with the HGF measurements. The performances of the simplified modeling approaches, however, differ for particles with differing phase states. This suggests that a single simplified modeling approach cannot be used to capture the water-uptake behavior for the diversity of particle phase behavior expected in the atmosphere. Errors in HGFs calculated with the simplified models are of sufficient magnitude to contribute substantially to error in estimates of particle optical and radiative properties, particularly for the assumption that water uptake is driven by absorptive equilibrium partitioning with ideal particle-phase mixing.
An overview of underwater sound generated by interparticle collisions and its application to the measurements of coarse sediment bedload transport
Authors: Thorne P. D.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Over the past 2 to 3 decades the concept of using sound generated by the interparticle collisions of mobile bed material has been investigated to assess if underwater sound can be utilised as a proxy for the estimation of bedload transport. In principle the acoustic approach is deemed to have the potential to provide non-intrusive, continuous, high-temporal-resolution measurements of bedload transport. It has been considered that the intensity of the sound radiated should be related to the amount of mobile material and the frequency spectrum to the size of the material. To be able to fully realise this use of acoustics requires an understanding of the parameters which control the generation of sound as particles impact. In the present work the aim is to provide scientists developing acoustics to measure bedload transport with a description of how sound is generated when particles undergo collision underwater. To investigate the properties of the sound generated, examples are provided under different conditions of impact. It is considered that providing an overview of the origins of the sound generation will provide a basis for the interpretation of acoustic data, collected in the marine environment for the study of bedload sediment transport processes.