Executive function performance in persons with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate
Authors:   Communication Sciences and Disorders Division, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, Chinchai Supaporn , Kalaysak Thanasak ,   Communication Sciences and Disorders Division, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, Jareontonyakorn Piyawan ,   Communication Sciences and Disorders Division, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, Wanicharoen Natwipa ,   Communication Sciences and Disorders Division, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, Makarabhirom Kalyanee ,   Communication Sciences and Disorders Division, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
Published: June 2024

Background: Executive functions (EFs) are crucial cognitive functions that mature from birth to adolescence. They are vital for daily task execution and overall success and also influence language and communication development. Children with EFs deficits often experience delays in language and speech abilities. These impairments are particularly prevalent among individuals with cleft lip and palate. Consequently, speech and language pathologists must address these impairments through assessments and interventions. Despite this urgent need for action, there is a scarcity of research on executive function performance in this population in Thailand, prompting an investigation to address this issue. This study explores executive function performance in this population to enhance the quality of life for individuals with cleft lip and palate. Materials and methods: Using a survey-based approach, executive function performance was assessed in 5- to 15-year-old volunteer with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate attending the speech therapy camp provided by the Princess Sirindhorn IT Foundation Craniofacial Center at Chiang Mai University in April 2024. Parents completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (Parent form), with scores ≥65 indicating executive function difficulties. Results: The study involved 29 participants, 14 males (48.28%) and 15 females (51.72%), with a mean age of 8 years and 9 months. Average scores for executive function abilities in BRI, MI, and GEC were 52.21, 56.48, and 58.90, respectively. There are several participants with abnormal executive function in each age group, along with their average T-scores across different domains. Children aged 5, 6-8, and 9-11 have T-scores for executive function performances falling into problematic levels for 1, 2, and 5 individuals, respectively. Conclusion: Most of the sample group demonstrated executive function skills within the normal range. However, a certain number of individuals experienced issues with executive function. These findings offer guidance for speech and language pathologists and emphasize the importance of executive function in individuals with cleft palates.