bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A coupled core-mantle evolution: review and future prospects
Authors: Nakagawa Takashi
Published: October 2020

In this review, I provide the current status and future prospects for the coupled core-mantle evolution and specifically summarize the constraints arising from geomagnetism and paleomagnetism on the long-term secular variations of the geomagnetic field. The heat flow across the core-mantle boundary (CMB) is essential for determining the best-fit scenario that explains the observational data of geomagnetic secular variations (e.g., onset timing of the inner core growth, geomagnetic polarity reversals, and westward drift) and should include the various origins of the heterogeneous structures in the deep mantle that have affected the heat transfer across the core-mantle boundary for billions of years. The coupled core-mantle evolution model can potentially explain the onset timing of the inner core and its influence on the long-term geomagnetic secular variations, but it is still controversial among modeling approaches on the core energetics because the paleomagnetic data contains various uncertainties. Additionally, with the coupled core-mantle evolution model in geodynamo simulations, the frequency of the geomagnetic polarity reversals can be explained with the time variations of the heat flow across the CMB. Additionally, the effects of the stable region in the outermost outer core to the magnetic evolution are also crucial but there would be still uncertain for their feasibility.

However, despite this progress in understanding the observational data for geomagnetic secular variations, there are several unresolved issues that should be addressed in future investigations: (1) initial conditions—starting with the solidification of the global magma ocean with the onset timing of plate tectonics and geodynamo actions and (2) planetary habitability—how the dynamics of the Earth’s deep interior affects the long-term surface environment change that has been maintained in the Earth’s multisphere coupled system.
Maritime supply chain sustainability: South-East Finland case study
Authors: Lähdeaho Oskari , Hilmola Olli-Pekka , Kajatkari Riitta
Published: October 2020

Emphasis on sustainability practices is growing globally in the shipping industry due to regulations on emissions from transportation as well as increasing customer demand for sustainability. This research aims to shed light on the environmental sustainability of companies involved in maritime logistics at the major Finnish seaport, HaminaKotka. This seaport is a part of International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) Baltic and North Sea emission control area, with special emission-reducing measures contributing directly to United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by mitigating negative impacts of industrial activity on environment and climate change. Two semi-structured interviews with companies at HaminaKotka were carried out to construct a case study examining the sustainability challenges at hand. In addition, experience of one of the authors in a managerial position at the studied seaport complex, as well as the sustainability communications of the companies situated in the area were used to support the findings. The companies improve environmental sustainability by using multimodal transport chains, alternative fuels in the transports, and environmental sustainability demands towards their partners. However, the most important measures, according to these companies, are transport mode selection and cargo load optimization. Moreover, companies have identified bottlenecks of cargo flow at the hinterland due to road infrastructure constraints. As regulations and customers are requiring environmental sustainability, companies are forced to renew their operations, strategy and business models. Especially, the emission-reducing regulations drive companies to implement means to control the produced emissions.
Development of a straight vertebrate body axis
Authors: Bagnat Michel , Gray Ryan S.
Published: October 2020

The vertebrate body plan is characterized by the presence of a segmented spine along its main axis. Here, we examine the current understanding of how the axial tissues that are formed during embryonic development give rise to the adult spine and summarize recent advances in the field, largely focused on recent studies in zebrafish, with comparisons to amniotes where appropriate. We discuss recent work illuminating the genetics and biological mechanisms mediating extension and straightening of the body axis during development, and highlight open questions. We specifically focus on the processes of notochord development and cerebrospinal fluid physiology, and how defects in those processes may lead to scoliosis.
Recent advances in understanding, diagnosing and treating venous thrombosis
Authors: Chan Noel C , Weitz Jeffrey I
Published: October 2020

Focusing on the current state of the art, this article (a) describes recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism (VTE), (b) discusses current approaches for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of VTE, (c) outlines the role of aspirin for VTE prevention and treatment, and (d) highlights the unmet needs in VTE management and describes novel approaches to address them.
Clergy-perpetrated sexual abuse of minors – case study
Authors: Więcek-Durańska Anna
Published: October 2020

Cel pracy

Głównym celem badań było pokazanie nie tyle skali samego zjawiska wykorzystywania seksualnego małoletnich przez osoby duchowne, co ukazanie sposobu działania sprawców i motywacji towarzyszącej popełnianiu czynów. Ponadto badanie miało również na celu ukazanie tła sytuacyjnego czynu, sposobu reakcji osób pokrzywdzonych oraz środowiska, w którym doszło do popełnienia przestępstwa.

Metoda

Badanie empiryczne obejmowało analizę jakościową i ilościową dokumentacji zebranej przez Fundację zajmującą się wsparciem, pomocą dla osób, które doznały molestowania seksualnego ze strony osób duchownych. Do badań przygotowany został kwestionariusz ankiety obejmujący dane dotyczące okoliczności zdarzenia, informacje dotyczące sprawcy, osoby pokrzywdzonej oraz konsekwencji (sankcji) prawnych i pozaprawnych. Zebrano informacje o 80 sprawach karnych z lat 2001-2019, w których doszło do prawomocnego skazania osoby duchownej.

Wyniki

Analiza materiału empirycznego pozwoliła na opracowanie modeli działania sprawców, sposobów wyboru osób pokrzywdzonych oraz podejmowanych aktywności w celu utrzymania w tajemnicy nadużyć wobec małoletnich. W ramach prowadzonych analiz opracowano również charakterystyki osób pokrzywdzonych, wyodrębniono cechy specyficzne dla różnych modeli postępowania duchownych.

Wnioski

Warto zwrócić uwagę na fakt, że w znacznym odsetku spraw nadużycia seksualne ze strony duchownych wobec osób małoletnich miały charakter bezpośredniej przemocy fizycznej jak i podejmowania regularnego współżycia seksualnego. Nie wszyscy sprawcy poddani zostali odpowiednim badaniom diagnostycznym w celu weryfikacji zaburzeń preferencji seksualnych pod postacią pedofilii. W badanej grupie spraw aż w co trzecim przypadku sprawca po ujawnieniu czynów przenoszony był do innej parafii, gdzie dochodziło do kolejnych podobnych czynów.
Infestation of Magulacra nigripennata Dognin (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) in a commercial cupuassu plantation in Nova Califórnia, Rondônia State, Brazil
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Souza , Kamel de Oliveira Tadário , Oliveira Giordano Bruno da Silva , Macedo Taysa Faltz
Published: October 2020

The cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd ex Sprengel) K. Schum.) is a native tree from the tropical rainforest and one of the most important fruit trees in the Amazon region. Its pulp and seeds are widely used in the alimentary industry, as well as food by the people of northern Brazil. Among the factors that can compromise the production of cupuassu are the attack of diseases and insect pests. The aim of this work is to report the attack of a wood-borer lepidopteran in commercial cupuassu plantation located in the district of Nova Califórnia, Rondônia State, Brazil. In April 2019 an infestation of a wood-borer insect was observed causing the death of branches. Branches containing caterpillars in their inside were collected and taken to the Entomology Laboratory of the Embrapa Acre, where they were placed in a screened cage. After about 60 days, an adult insect emerged, which was identified as Magulacra nigripennata, a lepidopteran associated with cocoa and cupuassu plantations in that country. A random survey of 100 plants in the plantation area detected an infestation level of 36%, indicating the harmful potential of this pest to the cupuassu crops in the Amazon region.
Competition for Context-Sensitive Consumers
Authors: Apffelstaedt Arno , Mechtenberg Lydia
Published: October 2020

When preferences are sensitive to context, firms may influence purchase decisions by designing the environment of consumption choices. This paper studies how competitive retailers optimally design their product line if preferences at the store depend on whether the choice set draws consumer attention to the quality or price of a product. Before making a purchase decision, a consumer chooses among retailers without (fully) anticipating that her preferences at the store are malleable. We show that this setup can align evidence on retailer marketing practices and the existence of loss leaders with the experimental literature on decoy effects: in equilibrium, retailers use loss leaders to attract the consumer to the store and decoy products to draw consumer attention at the store to more profitable alternatives featuring a higher price (inducing a profitable upsell) or lower production cost (inducing a profitable downsell). We embed and compare the predictions of three recent specifications of choice-set dependent attention—namely, Salience, Focusing, and Relative Thinking. All three specifications predict that firms construct choice environments that utilize decoy effects to up- or downsell the consumer. Because they differ in how attention can be directed using the product line, however, they differ in their predictions of how the decoy will be positioned in the price-quality space.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
Note: The Value and Cost of the Customer’s Waiting Time
Authors: Chen Rachel R. , Kumar Subodha , Singhal Jaya , Singhal Kalyan
Published: October 2020

The (relative) cost of the customer’s waiting time has long been used as a key parameter in queuing models, but it can be difficult to estimate. A recent study introduced a new queue characteristic, the value of the customer’s waiting time, which measures how an increase in the total customer waiting time reduces the servers’ idle time. This paper connects and contrasts these two fundamental concepts in the queuing literature. In particular, we show that the value can be equal to the cost of waiting when the queue is operated at optimal. In this case, we can use the observed queue length to compute the value of waiting, which helps infer the cost of waiting. Nevertheless, these two measures have very different economic interpretations, and in general, they are not equal. For nonoptimal queues, comparing the value with the cost helps shed light on the underlying causes of the customer’s waiting. Although it is tempting to conclude that customers in a queue with a lower value of waiting expect to wait longer, we find that the value of waiting in general does not have a monotonic relationship with the expected waiting time, nor with the expected queue length.
Imagens em versos e acordes: a representação da cidade de Feira de Santana através do seu hino
Authors: Silva Aldo José Morais
Published: October 2020

Nesse artigo buscamos analisar os sentidos do hino composto para a cidade de Feira de Santana, na Bahia, em 1928, pela poetisa e maestrina Georgina Erisman. Trata-se de um exercício de interpretação dos símbolos e significados da obra (o hino) e de como a autora buscou representar essa cidade com base em um conjunto de elementos que definiam a identidade local no início do século XX. Tais elementos passaram por sua vocação comercial, sua religiosidade, sua feminilidade e até o seu clima, dentre outros. Um conjunto de imagens cujo sentido se perdeu quase totalmente para as gerações posteriores, mesmo que o hino ainda seja atualmente um dos símbolos oficiais da cidade.
A Restauração de Angola e os pedidos de mercês no século XVII
Authors: Leite Ingrid Silva de Oliveira
Published: October 2020

As guerras envolvendo os interesses portugueses e holandeses em Angola fizeram com que diversas pessoas prestassem auxílio nas campanhas militares e, por vezes, utilizando seus próprios recursos. Após a chamada “restauração” de Angola em 1648, diversos indivíduos pediram mercês ao rei português, alegando seus papéis na luta contra os neerlandeses na região. Este artigo demonstra resultados parciais de pesquisa que vem sendo realizada em fontes do Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino e que intenciona revelar as mercês solicitadas ao rei de Portugal, bem como mapear os suplicantes e, na medida do possível, perceber se foram atendidos ou não. Trata-se de um esforço inicial com o objetivo de criar bases para uma comparação da dinâmica realizada para obtenção de mercês em Angola com as pesquisas já verificadas para a expulsão holandesa da Bahia e Pernambuco, por exemplo.
Poderes, trajetórias e administração no Império português (séculos XVI-XVIII)
Authors: Da Silva Rafael Ricarte , Carvalho Reinaldo Forte
Published: October 2020

Apresentação. Revista Maracanan, Rio de Janeiro, PPGH-UERJ, n. 25 - "Poderes, trajetórias e administração no Império português (séculos XVI-XVIII)", set.-dez. 2020.
Entrevista com George Felix Cabral de Souza, Professor Associado da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Authors: Da Silva Rafael Ricarte , Carvalho Reinaldo Forte
Published: October 2020

Entrevista para a Revista Maracanan, n. 25 - "Poderes, trajetórias e administração no Império português (séculos XVI-XVIII)", set.-dez. 2020.
Pelvic actinomycosis: a forgotten cause of pelvic pain
Authors: Jones Patrick , Ho Cherrie , Juliebø Siri Øvereng , Hawary Amr
Published: October 2020

Actinomycosis is an invasive and suppurative anaerobic infection, which can develop in the pelvis. This occurs most commonly as a result of prolonged use of an intrauterine device. The constellation of signs and symptoms associated with its typical clinical presentation include palpable mass, weight loss and malaise. It can be misdiagnosed as a result and often as a malignant process. Left unrecognised, pelvic actinomycosis can lead to sequelae such as severe abscess, fistula formation and even infertility. Removal of the intrauterine device and a prolonged course (6–12 months) of antibiotic treatment form the cornerstone of management. Surgery can be required in select cases. This article provides an overview of pelvic actinomycosis, including its background, presentation, investigations and management.
Managing residents' and relatives' complaints: a practical guide
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: October 2020

Every care facility will receive negative feedback at some point. The most important aspect of the complaint process is how these are managed. Adrian Ashurst shares examples from his own experience in tackling resident concerns, including the devastating consequences of a mishandled complaint
Good grief: supporting a resident through loss and bereavement
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: October 2020

Unfortunately, grief is an emotion too commonly encountered in care homes in the current climate, whether resulting from the passing of others or prolonged separation from loved ones. Continuing her column on mental health in care homes, Aysha Mendes delves into the different experiences of grief and offers some effective coping strategies
Assessment of Science Education Teachers’ Quality Work
Authors: Utemov Vyacheslav Viktorovich
Published: October 2020

The quality of science education teachers’ work determines the effectiveness of education and science education programs in many respects. Given that the results of students are not the same for teachers with the same formal characteristics, we formulate the research problem: when assessing the effectiveness of teachers, we can distinguish a system of indicators that affect the effectiveness of education and educational programs. The purpose of this article is to analyze the quality of work of science education teachers in the Kirov region and their teaching practice. The leading research methods in this case are the concept of the third international study of teaching and learning “Teaching and Learning International Survey”, collecting data obtained through a questionnaire of science education teachers, analyzing the quality of work and conditions of pedagogical practices, statistical processing of the research results, modeling and conversations with heads of secondary schools and representatives of executive authorities. As a result of a study conducted in 2017–2020, in which 1146 teachers of secondary schools of the European part of Russia took part, including 310 science education teachers, the author of the article found: the workload of a school teacher of science education is 0.65; subjects teachers spend on average 42.2 hours every week to perform their official duties, urban teachers have more work than rural teachers; with age, teachers of science education have a partial redistribution of labor activity from teaching to administrative work; actual teaching takes 53% of working time in the structure of workload for teachers of science education; teachers evaluate the completeness of their knowledge upon completion of training at the level of 38% of the required level for performing labor activities; there is a predominant share of teachers with a moderate level of need for knowledge in most areas of professional development. The results of the study allow us to develop a set of group measures for training and methodological support of science education teachers. These measures should take into account the specifics of workload and the characteristics of professional deficits.
Bachelor of Education Honors Students’ Attrition in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education
Authors: Chigonga Benard
Published: October 2020

This paper represents a revolutionary advancement in our knowledge of postgraduate education which is of increasing significance to national knowledge systems. South African universities produce 26 doctoral graduates for every one million citizens. This means that the low doctoral graduates’ throughput is a huge challenge in South Africa and needs to be addressed. The paper investigated the challenges experienced by postgraduate students (Honors) at an institution of higher education in Limpopo province of South Africa. The group studied consisted of postgraduate students (Honors) from the Department of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, Faculty of Education. Using a qualitative approach, open-ended questionnaire and interview data were collected from eight participants. Data were analyzed thematically and the results revealed that students find it difficult to walk the landmine-infested postgraduate education road without means to shield themselves from the subsequent explosion. The study recommends aspects that improve postgraduate programs’ performance in the Department of Mathematics Science and Technology Education.
Phenomenology of Points Mathematics
Authors: Fredua-Kwarteng Eric , Ahia Francis
Published: October 2020

This is a preliminary paper about a large research project on social mathematics. It proposes points mathematics, a variant of social mathematics, as a viable context for teaching mathematics to adults. Points mathematics, focuses on observing, representing and investigating patterns, regularities and quantitative relationships stemming from convertible points, that businesses offer to their customers/clients for the purpose of encouraging loyalty and for boosting up sales in competitive markets. Using ten illustrative examples, the paper asserts that points mathematics provides practical, realistic context for teaching fundamental mathematics concepts and skills to adult students. These include, but not limited to, the four operations of mathematics (addition, division, subtraction and multiplication), variable, linear equation, graph, rates, percent, ratio, patterns and proportion. The paper is grounded in the theory of realistic mathematics education (RME), that posits that the teaching and learning of mathematics should be contextually-based; entails explaining and solving contextual problems; and establishing high-level interactive relationship between learning and teaching. The paper concludes with three recommendations to guide mathematics teachers of adults who want to implement points mathematics as part of their mathematics curriculum. However, the paper is the first phase of a large research project that explores social mathematics and how it could be integrated in mathematics curricular contents for adult students.
Emotion management of disaster volunteers: the delicate balance between control and recognition
Authors: Uhnoo Sara , Persson Sofia
Published: October 2020

Authorities always need help in disaster situations, and in line with the current trend of community resilience, they see support from active citizens as a promising solution. However, the uncontrolled inflow of spontaneous volunteers and other resources into a disaster area poses serious dilemmas for professional responders. The uniqueness of this study lies in its approach to authorities’ management of spontaneous volunteers from the perspective of the sociology of emotions. Drawing on an interactionist perspective of emotions, the objective is to deepen our understanding of how and why professional responders use interpersonal emotion management in interactions with spontaneous volunteers during disasters. We discuss this issue in relation to a specific disaster operation. Building on findings from interviews with personnel from the fire and rescue services, key officials and volunteers involved in the management of a large-scale forest fire in Sweden, we show that professionals’ emotion management in interactions with volunteers requires a balance between the control and recognition of volunteer activities. Specific emotion management techniques and an overarching rule about expressing gratitude to spontaneous volunteers are identified and discussed in relation to the professionals’ rationale for their emotion management. We argue that emotion management is a crucial aspect of the interaction between professionals and volunteers, with important implications for disaster management and the legitimacy of the authorities in the eyes of citizens.
Fabrication of three-dimensional sandwich-like silver nanowire network coated bilayer graphene nanostructures for flexible display
Authors: Huang Hongyong
Published: October 2020

High-quality transparent conductive film is very important for flexible
display, especially with super high transmittance, good conductivity,
and excellent stability. In this work, the synthesis and
characterization of a three-dimensional sandwich-like structure,
including a silver nanowire network and PEDOT:PSS coated by two layers
of graphene, a transparent conductive layer named GAPG, were
demonstrated. The transparent conductive layer made full use of the
plasma effect of silver nanowires and the properties of graphene,
including high light transmittance, metalloid conductivity, and
excellent mechanical recovery. The PEDOT:PSS enabled silver nanowires
and double graphene to form a solid whole, which greatly improved the
stability of the membrane. Its sheet resistance was

48.3

Ω

/

◻

, and its electron mobility was

14

,

663

c
m

2

/

(

V

⋅

s

)
,

which were superior to single-layer
graphene and other transparent conductive layers. Compared with other
flexible conductive materials, GAPG had more advantages in mechanical
properties, a wider viewing angle, excellent bending recovery, and
more stable performance. When the film was bent, its light
transmittance was only

±

0.3

Ω

, and the change rate was less than

±

0.2

%

. The scattering of silver nanowires
and PEDOT:PSS particles made the problem of display angle fully
solved. So GAPG is a potential flexible conductive material, which can
be used in electronic paper and other flexible devices to greatly
improve their performance.
Effective multiple optical trapping of sub-micrometer particles with petal beams
Authors: Shahabadi V. , Madadi E.
Published: October 2020

Optical tweezers are noncontact and noninvasive force transducers. Techniques for multiple optical trapping are of much interest. In this paper, we investigate, numerically, optical trapping of multiple particles using so-called petal beams by trapping every single particle in a separate petal of the focused beam. We have used the generalized Lorenz–Mie theory to compute the optical trapping forces. Results demonstrate that the intensity is equally distributed over the lobes along the intensity ring for circularly polarized petal beams, but in the case of linear polarization, the intensity is not equally distributed over the petals, which means a particle trapped by every petal of a circularly polarized beam experiences the same force. It is shown that for a particle size range, the axial trapping stiffness for the

l
=
4

mode of a petal beam is about threefold greater than that of the

l
=
1

mode, and in the lateral direction, the trapping stiffness of the

l
=
2

mode is about twofold greater than that of the

l
=
4

mode. Finally, the optimum choice of topological charge for the stronger trap stiffness based on the particle size and trapping depth is identified.
Sub-150 fs dispersion-managed soliton generation from an all-fiber Tm-doped laser with BP-SA
Authors: Zhang Qian , Jin Xinxin , Hu Guohua , Zhang Meng , Zheng Zheng , Hasan Tawfique
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate an all-fiber, thulium-doped, mode-locked laser using a black phosphorus (BP) saturable absorber (SA). The BP-SA, exhibiting strong nonlinear response, is fabricated by inkjet printing. The oscillator generates self-starting 139 fs dispersion-managed soliton pulses centered at 1859nm with 55.6 nm spectral bandwidth. This is the shortest pulse duration and widest spectral bandwidth achieved directly from an all-fiber thulium-doped fiber laser mode-locked with a nanomaterial saturable absorber to date. Our findings demonstrate the applicability of BP for femtosecond pulse generation at 2 µm spectral region.
Indoor channel modeling for continuous variable quantum key distribution in the terahertz band
Authors: He Yuqian , Mao Yiyu , Huang Duan , Liao Qin , Guo Ying
Published: October 2020

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) in an indoor scenario can provide secure wireless access for practical short-distance communications with high rates. However, a suitable channel model for implementing the indoor CVQKD system has not been considered before. Here, we establish an indoor channel model to show the feasibility of CVQKD in terahertz (THz) band. We adopt both active and passive state preparation schemes to demonstrate the performance of the indoor CVQKD system involving multi-path propagation. We achieve the channel transmittance characterized by frequency, water-vapor density, antenna gain, reflection loss and the surrounding itself. The ray-tracing based numerical simulations show that the multi-path propagation can degrade the performance of the indoor CVQKD system. The maximum transmission distance is two meters at 410 GHz for both active and passive state preparations, and it can be extended to 35 and 20 meters respectively by using high gain antenna to combat the multi-path propagation.
Electrically controlled waveguide polariton laser
Authors: Suárez-Forero D. G. , Riminucci F. , Ardizzone V. , De Giorgi M. , Dominici L. , Todisco F. , Lerario G. , Pfeiffer L. N. , Gigli G. , Ballarini D. , Sanvitto D.
Published: October 2020

Exciton–polaritons are mixed light–matter particles offering a versatile solid state platform to study many-body physical effects. In this work, we demonstrate an electrically controlled polariton laser, in a compact, easy-to-fabricate and integrable configuration, based on a semiconductor waveguide. Interestingly, we show that polariton lasing can be achieved in a system without a global minimum in the polariton energy-momentum dispersion. The cavity modes for the laser emission are obtained by adding couples of specifically designed diffraction gratings on top of the planar waveguide, forming an in-plane Fabry–Perot cavity. It is due to the waveguide geometry that we can apply a transverse electric field to finely tune the laser energy and quality factor of the cavity modes. Remarkably, we exploit the system sensitivity to the applied electric field to achieve an electrically controlled population of coherent polaritons. The precise control that can be reached with the manipulation of the grating properties and of the electric field provides strong advantages to this device in terms of miniaturization and integrability, two main features for the future development of coherent sources for polaritonic technologies.
Global disinformation campaigns and legal challenges
Authors: Nagasako Tomoko
Published: October 2020

Recently, some countries have deployed global cyberattacks that not only impose destructive measures on the systems of industries or infrastructures, but also as a type of information warfare, including social networking service (SNS) and other media that affects election results or democratic processes, thereby becoming a threat to democracy. Thus, this kind of operation is recognized as “disinformation.” This paper demonstrates cases of disinformation in cyberspace and focuses on legal problems in international laws and countermeasures taken by legal systems in individual countries. Consequently, one finds that it is challenging to deal with disinformation on a national scale. As there is a limit regarding the regulations by international law at present, it is essential to provide national laws for its regulation. Here, the types of countermeasures are classified in order to find improved responses as the number of disinformation cases increases. Since regulations on disinformation could violate freedom of expression and democracy in some cases, subsequent sanctions against foreign state actors should be applied, and regulations on the content of media and online platforms need to be carefully put in place.
Removing artificial variability from a physiotherapy service helps to reduce length of stay in an orthopaedic enhanced recovery pathway.
Authors: Wainwright Thomas , Middleton Robert
Published: October 2020

Context This work was completed in the orthopaedic department of a district general hospital in the United Kingdom. The project involved patients having a hip or knee replacement operation. It was identified that patients who had operations on different days of the week experienced different standards of rehabilitation after their operation. There was unacceptable variation in patient experience and quality of care provided. Assessment of problem Analysis was completed using Dr Foster software. This illustrated differences to length of hospital stay depending on the day of operation. The analysis used case-mix adjustment methodology to control for natural differences in demographics. Staff then completed a root cause analysis to ascertain why this was happening. Intervention The physiotherapy service was changed to remove artificial variation in the provision of rehabilitation to patients who had operations on a different day. A business case was made and supported to change the physiotherapy service from a 5-day Monday to Friday service, to a 7-day a week service with extended working hours until 8pm from Monday to Friday. Standardised operating procedures were also introduced so that each patient received the same physiotherapy program and timings of physiotherapy interventions were recorded. Lessons learnt Effective pathways need to be supported by organisational structures and staffing arrangements which allow them to work. Pathways usually centre of clinical processes, but we have learnt that these must be accompanied by managerial changes in order to allow the clinical changes to be performed for every patient. Key Message High quality patient pathways should remove all possible sources of artificial variation. We have illustrated the improvement to quality possible by removing the variability in our physiotherapy service provision.
Correlación de nivel sérico de vancomicina y un modelo farmacocinético en pacientes pediátricos de un centro referencial en Lima, Perú
Authors: Lopez Jose W , Luna-Vilchez Medalit , Maquera-Afaray Julio , Salazar-Mesones Blanca , Ramirez-Vallejos Carlos , Aguilar Emilio , Portillo-Alvarez Diana
Published: October 2020

Introducción: El monitoreo terapéutico de vancomicina es una herramienta para guiar el tratamiento en pacientes pediátricos. El objetivo del estudio es correlacionar el nivel sérico de vancomicina con un modelo farmacocinético de cálculo de la área bajo la curva (AUC).

Métodos:

Estudio retrospectivo del nivel sérico valle de vancomicina en pacientes entre 1 mes a 18 años atendidos en el INSNS-SB durante el periodo de diciembre de 2015 a Julio de 2017. Se analizó la correlación entre el nivel sérico y una estimación de AUC/MIC de un estudio previamente publicado. Se incluyeron a todos los pacientes con al menos 48h de tratamiento con vancomicina, y se excluyeron a neonatos.

Resultados:

Se incluyeron 74 muestras de 69 pacientes, siendo 34 de sexo femenino (45.9%). La mediana de edad fue 4 años (RIC 1-7). La mediana de peso fue 11.1 kg (RIC 5.8-25) y de talla fue 85 cm (RIC 64-115). La mediana de creatinina sérica fue 0.29 mg/dL (RIC 0.20-0.46), la depuración de creatinina fue 154.6 ml/min (RIC 102.8-240), la dosis mediana de vancomicina fue 600 mg/d (RIC 320-1140) y la concentración sérica valle fue 10.3 ug/mL (RIC 6.3-18.2). Se alcanzó niveles terapéuticos en 16 pacientes (21.6%). La mediana de AUC/MIC calculado fue 390.4 (RIC 322.3-494.6), mientras que la correlación entre el AUC/MIC calculado y el nivel sérico valle de vancomicina no fue significativa (p=0.13)
Global Innovation Indicators analysed by multicriteria decision
Authors: Silva Marcela do Carmo , Gavião Luiz Octávio , Gomes Carlos Francisco Simões , Lima Gilson Brito Alves
Published: October 2020

Goal: This paper analyses how European countries of Global Innovation Indicators (GII) present in the ranking by multicriteria support aid analysis.

Design / Methodology / Approach: The methodology uses Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for ranking countries and PROMETHÉE (Preference Ranking Organisation Method for Enrichment Evaluations) for outranking them.

Results: There was change in 30 ordered positions from 39 countries observed. At non-compensatory method the overrating become “easier” than the compensatory method, especially when there are many alternatives and criteria for computing with small difference among values.

Limitations of the investigation: It is only used the GII 2015 Europe for continuing investigations about MCDA realized for Latin America (2017) and Asia and Africa (2019).

Practical implications: The applications result in a different understanding about TOPSIS ranking application, from original score list at GII; and also the perception of organized groups at outranking application.

Originality / Value: Observing GII via MCDA is possible to see changing’s in the ranking according to countries profiles different from GII raking. Although European profiles seem to be similar, it is important to observe other perspective of grouping by them; suggesting quantitative studies inclusion and innovative trends.
An updated data on the bionomics of pomegranate fruit borer, Deudorix epijarbas (Moore, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), infesting pomegranates in Kashmir
Authors: YOUSUF Insha , BUHROO Abdul A.
Published: October 2020

Pomegranate fruit borer, Deudorix epijarbas (Moore, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is a destructive pest of pomegranate affecting the quality as well as quantity of its fruits. The pest and its other allied species are nuisance to pomegranate cultivation throughout India, particularly in hilly state of Jammu & Kashmir. The aim of present investigation was to study the bionomics of pomegranate fruit borer in laboratory, which included the studies on its morphometry and extent of different developmental stages in the life cycle of pest, for developing a sound management plan against it. The results revealed that the eggs are laid by females singly on fruits, stalks, leaves and flower buds. On hatching, emerging larva bores in to fruits and feed on its pulp thus rendering them unfit for trade. The pest passed through five larval instars of different duration and the total larval period was 32.20 ± 1.87 (SD) days. The larval stage was followed by pupal stage which lasted for 9.50 ± 1.84 (SD) days. Furthermore, the longevity of adult male and female butterflies was recorded as 9.20 ± 1.73 (SD) and 13.20 ± 1.43 (SD) days respectively. The study thus provides information necessary for development and implementation of different control strategies in IPM of pomegranate fruit borer.
Investigation of gene expression diversity in Hypericum spp. before and after flowering under different nitrogen fertilization levels
Authors: YASAMAN Mahmood , ABBASPOUR Hossein , PEYVANDI Maryam , NAGHAVI Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2020

The traditional medicinal herb, Hypericum perforatum L. has been popular for its pharmaceutical and coloring wealth since the ancient era. A secondary metabolite from the group of naphthodianthrones in Hypericum spp. named hypericin is responsible for the antidepression, anticancer, and antiviral characteristics of this herb. It has been found that several genes are involved in the biosynthesis pathway of hypericin. The hyp-1 gene is participating in this biosynthesis path through the conversion of emodin to hypericin. The naphthodianthrones (hypericin and pseudohypericin) in Hypericum are synthesized through the polyketide pathway. In the plants, the enzyme complexes named polyketide synthase (PKS) catalyzes the reactions of polyketide pathways. The genes HpPKS1 and HpPKS2 are encoding PKS enzyme complexes. In this research, the relative expression of hyp-1, HpPKS1, and HpPKS2 genes was compared in root and leaves of Hypericum perforatum and H. androsaemum L., before and after flowering under urea fertilization at 24, 48 and 72 hours after irrigation. The highest expression level of all three genes was observed after flowering in the samples of H. perforatum that were fertilized 72 hours after irrigation by 1 g l-1 urea (hyp-1 in roots; HpPKS1 and HpPKS2 in leaves). The relative expression of hyp-1 in the root was greater than in the leaves, but HpPKS1 and HpPKS2 expression in leaves was higher than in root. The relative expression of all three genes in H. perforatum was higher than in H. androsaemum. By increasing the interval between urea fertilization and irrigation, the relative expression of genes had an increasing trend, also by increasing the amount of urea fertilizer, relative gene expression was increased.
Cold stress at seedlings stage of buckwheat optimizes development of both roots and aboveground biomass and limits the excessive vegetative growth interfering with seed formation (an analytical review)
Authors: FESENKO Nikolay N. , GLAZOVA Zorrida I. , FESENKO Ivan N.
Published: October 2020

Buckwheat, sown in warmed soil, quickly sprouts, grows and successfully competes with annual weeds. However, such agronomic practice does not always lead to a good grain yield, because a powerful, abundantly flowering buckwheat plants often give only a minimal amount of seeds due to a lack of moisture in the upper layer of soil during flowering. This behavior of buckwheat is described as "overgrowth (with poor seed formation)". This phenomenon is caused by the relative weakness of the root system of this species: the specific feature of buckwheat is a very fast transition to formation of secondary roots, which gives advantages at the first stages of development, but restricts the roots growth later. Buckwheat flowering is stretched in time. First half of this developmental stage which is most important for the grain yield is coincided with the most intensive vegetative growth. The lowered temperature at the seedlings stages slows the growth of the aboveground biomass and accelerates the growth of the roots that at later stages favorably affects the conditions for seeds development and, respectively, the grain yield. It explains why early sowing time is favorable for the grain yield of buckwheat.
STEAM Education: Technological Skills, Students’ Cultural Background and Covid-19 Crisis
Authors: Dana-Picard Thierry , Hershkovitz Sara
Published: October 2020

We present an initial description of an ongoing research project. Students are attracted to learn mathematics, not only for its application but also for their cultural interest. The students’ cultural backgrounds are used, and situations are analyzed and modeled using technology. This first step has been instrumental in making the transition to distance learning necessary due to the Covid-19 crisis. We focus on a specific population of students who had to overcome, within a short time, two important transitions in the learning processes.
Analysis of 64 channels based IS-OWC system using different intereference reduction techniques
Authors: Mahajan Suraj , Gupta Preeti , Kumar Vijay
Published: October 2020

Optical wireless communication in space is attracting great consideration due to high speed, high capacity, no EMI, high security, and wide bandwidth. OWC has edge over microwave communication because in laser based communication, relay feature saves the time of the system. In this paper, different interference reduction techniques in wavelength division multiplexing based inter-satellite optical wireless system are presented at different data rates 10, 20, and 40 Gbps. Hybrid multiplexing using wide division multiplexing and time division multiplexing is proposed first and second technique proposed is polarization interleaving in IsOWC systems. Dense channel spacing system with diverse modulations is investigated further such as Chirped, differential phase shift keying, and alternate mark inversion (AMI). Q factor is the performance evaluation parameters for different distances.
On the uncertainty of height anomaly differences predicted by least-squares collocation
Authors: Mysen E.
Published: October 2020

A network of pointwise available height anomalies, derived from levelling and GPS observations, can be densified by adjusting a gravimetric quasigeoid using least-squares collocation. The resulting type of Corrector Surface Model (CSM) is applied by Norwegian surveyors to convert ellipsoidal heights to normal heights expressed in the official height system NN2000. In this work, the uncertainty related to the use of a CSM to predict differences in height anomaly was sought. As previously, the application of variograms to determine the local statistical properties of the adopted collocation model led to predictions that were consistent with their computed uncertainties. For the purpose of predicting height anomaly differences, the effect of collocation was seen to be moderate in general for the small spatial separations considered (< 10 km). However, the relative impact of collocation could be appreciable, and increasing with distance, near the network. At last, it was argued that conservative uncertainties of height anomaly differences may be obtained by rescaling output of a grid interpolation by

Δ

\sqrt \Delta

, where Δ is the spatial separation of the two locations for which the difference is sought.
Catullus 6.17
Authors: Power Tristan
Published: October 2020

This article defends Baehrens’ readingcenamforcaelumat Catullus 6.17 as more sensible than scholars have thought, based on allusions to Meleager,AP5.175. It then proposes a new emendation to the line that is suggested by this Greek source.
Up-regulation of HTR1A reverses stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity through modulating interactions among the anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex and hippocampus
Authors: Xuan Liqian , Zhou Jingjing , Yi Lisha , Xu Shuchang
Published: October 2020

Background: This study aimed to explore the effect of 5-HT1A receptors (HTR1A) on activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and simultaneous regulation of neural activity in the insular cortex and hippocampus.

Methods: The IBS rat model was established via chronic water avoidance stress (WAS). Visceral sensitivity was measured by electromyogram, and anxiety-like behaviours were evaluated by the open field test. HTR1A-specific lentivirus expressing green fluorescent protein was used to overexpress or down-regulate HTR1A expression. Protein expression levels were detected by western blot.

Results: Up-regulation of HTR1A in ACC could inhibit ACC sensitization and reverse the visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviours induced by chronic psychological stress. In contrast, down-regulation of HTR1A in ACC might promote these behaviors in IBS rats. Additionally, up-regulation of HTR1A in ACC could inhibit IC and hippocampus sensitization, while down-regulation might have the opposite effect.

Conclusions: In IBS rats, HTR1A could modulate ACC activation and interactions among the ACC, IC and hippocampus. These effects might in turn contribute to the development of visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviours induced by chronic psychological stress.
Accelerated Aging of Deacidified and Untreated Book Paper in 1967 Compared with 52 Years of Natural Aging
Authors: Horst Tali H. , Smith Richard D. , Potthast Antje , Hubbe Martin A.
Published: October 2020

Three copies of a book that had been optionally deacidified using two different procedures in 1967, and then subjected to accelerated aging, were tested again after 52 years of natural aging. Matched copies of the book Cooking the Greek Way, which had been printed in Czechoslovakia on acidic paper, were evaluated. Nonaqueous treatment of two of the copies with magnesium methoxide dissolved in chlorofluorocarbon solvent had been found in 1967 to have decreased the susceptibility to embrittlement, as evidenced by the results of the accelerated aging, followed by folding endurance tests. Retesting of the same books in 2019, after 52 years of room temperature storage, showed that the deacidification treatments had achieved the following benefits in comparison to the untreated book: (a) higher brightness; (b) higher folding endurance; (c) tensile breaking length higher in the cross-direction of the paper; (d) substantial alkaline reserve content, (e) an alkaline surface pH in the range 7.1–7.4, and (f) higher molecular mass of the cellulose. Remarkably, some of the folding endurance results matched those of unaged samples evaluated in 1967. Scanning electron micrographs showed no differences between the treated and untreated books.