bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of vB_Sau_S90, and vB_Sau_S165, a Broad Host Range Phages, and Multiple Phage Doses as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy to Eliminate Transient Phage Resistant Mutants in Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Loganathan Archana , Nachimuthu Ramesh
Published: November 2021

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen. MRSA has acquired resistance to major antibiotics; thus, phage therapy has become a potential alternative treatment. In this work, two broad host range Staphylococcus phages were characterized for lifecycle, physio-chemical parameters and bacterial killing kinetics, and the in vitro behavior of phage insensitive bacterial cells to alternative serial passage and multiple phage doses were assessed by reduction in the bacterial turbidity and spot assay. Phage vB_Sau_S90 showed an absorption efficiency of 91 ± 0.6% with an adsorption time of 17 ± 1 min and vB_Sau_S165 of 95 ± 0.5% adsorption efficiency and 15 ± 2 min adsorption time. Both the phages were stable over a wide range of temperature (20 to 50 ℃) and pH (3 to 11). vB_Sau_S90 phage belonging to the family Siphoviridae [order Caudovirals] showed killing efficiency against 88% (181/205) of S. aureus isolates, and vB_Sau_S165 belonging to family Podoviridae [order Caudovirals] showed killing efficiency against 94% (192/205) of S. aureus isolates. The sensitive and transient phage-resistant cells that remained uninfected during the single dose of phage treatment were eliminated upon a minimum of five alternative serial passage and multiple phage doses. This study concludes that both the phages showed promising activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Our study revealed that despite phage auto-dosing and high therapeutic efficiency, both phages did not produce a complete bacterial clearance at a single phage dose; hence indicated that multiple phage doses were required to attain a successful and complete bacterial eradication.
Salmonella Outer Membrane Vesicles contain tRNA Fragments (tRFs) that Inhibit Bacteriophage P22 infection
Authors: Houserova Dominika , Huang Yulong , Kasukurthi Kasukurthi , Watters Brianna , Khan Fiza , Mehta Raj , Chaudhary Neil , Roberts Justin , DeMeis Jeffrey , Hobbs Trevor , Ghee Kanesha , McInnis Cameron , Johns Nolan , Kegler Abrianna , Coley Alexander , Brown Cana , Hewes Jenny , McElyea Marie , Reeves Monica , Tran Tuan , Bauer Natalie , Huang Jingshan , Audia John , Foster John , Borchert Glen
Published: November 2021

Salmonella Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) were recently shown to inhibit P22 bacteriophage infection. Interestingly, we identify 31 recurrent tRFs abundantly expressed by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and find these tRFs are highly complementary to known Salmonella enterica-infecting bacteriophage (17 averaging 97.4% complementarity over 22.9 nt) and specifically enriched in S. Typhimurium OMVs. Most notably, tRNA-Thr-CGT-1-1, 44-73, bears 100% complementary over its entire 30 nt length to 29 distinct Salmonella enterica-infecting bacteriophage including P22. Importantly, we find inhibiting this tRF in secreted OMVs improves P22 infectivity in a dose dependent manner whereas raising OMV tRF levels conversely inhibits P22. Furthermore, we find P22 pre-incubation with OMVs isolated from naïve S. Typhimurium, rescues the ability of S. Typhimurium depleted of tRNA-Thr-CGT-1-1, 44-73 tRF to defend against P22. Collectively, these experiments confirm tRFs secreted in S. Typhimurium OMVs are directly involved with and required for the ability of OMVs to defend against bacteriophage predation. As we find the majority of OMV tRFs are highly complementary to an array of known Salmonella enterica-infecting bacteriophage, we suggest OMV tRFs may primarily function as a broadly acting, previously uncharacterized ancient antiviral defense.
Poor bone quality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving long-term bisphosphonate therapy for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: an iliac bone biopsy study
Authors: Takahata Masahiko , Shimizu Tomohiro , Yamada Satoshi , Yamamoto Tomomaya , Hasegawa Tomoka , Fujita Ryo , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Endo Tsutomu , Koike Yoshinao , Amizuka Norio , Todoh Masahiro , Okumura Jun-ichiro , Kajino Tomomichi , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: November 2021

Background

Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been shown to reduce the incidence of vertebral fractures during the first year or two of glucocorticoid (GC) treatments and are therefore recommended as a first-line treatment for the prevention and treatment of GC-induced osteoporosis (GIO). However, there are theoretical concerns about the long-term use of BPs in low-turnover osteoporosis caused by chronic GC therapy.
Methods

We analyzed the trabecular microarchitecture, bone metabolism, and material strength of bone biopsy samples from the iliac crest of female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving an average of 6.7 years of BP therapy for GIO (GIOBP group, n = 10), compared with those of age- and bone mineral density (BMD)-matched non-RA postmenopausal women with no history of anti-osteoporosis medication use (reference group, n=10).
Results

Patients in the GIOBP group had a significantly greater fracture severity index, as calculated by the sum of the Genant visual semiquantitative grading scores of vertebral fractures (T4-L5) compared with the reference patients. Micro-computed tomography analysis showed that the degree of mineralization and trabecular microarchitecture were significantly lower in the GIOBP group than in the BMD-matched reference patients. Patients in the GIOBP group exhibited lower bone contact stiffness, determined by micro-indentation testing, than in the reference group. The contact stiffness of the bone was negatively correlated with the fracture severity index and the daily prednisolone dosage. Immunohistochemistry and serum bone turnover markers showed decreased osteoclastic activity, impaired mineralization, and an increased fraction of empty lacunae in the GIOBP group.
Conclusions

Our findings indicate that patients with RA receiving long-term BP for GIO are still at high risk for fragility fractures because of poor bone quality.
Explaining The Impact of Surgical Team Communication Skills On Patient Safety In The Operating Room: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Imani Behzad , Jalal Shima Bahrami
Published: November 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to explain the causes and attributes of communication skill of the surgical team and patient safety in the operating room.Background: Communication skills and how to work in a team is one of the effective factors on the incidence of error and patient safety in the operating room. However, the quality of this communication and how communication skills increase the patient's safety in the operating room is not entirely clear. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship between communication skills and patient safety in the operating room.Methods: This qualitative study was performed based on grounded theory approach. In this study, data collection was performed by conducting semi-structured interviews. Eight interviews were conducted with members of the surgical team including surgeons, operating room and anesthesia experts, and the samples were selected purposefully. The obtained data were analyzed by Strauss and Corbin’s approach.Results: In data analysis, two main categories were extracted: Factors affecting patient safety before surgery and Factors affecting patient safety during surgery. Consequently, eight sub-themes were classified.Conclusion: The results of the present study show that working in the operating room is a teamwork that requires cooperation and communication. In addition, the formation of proper communication between members of the surgical team has a significant impact on patient safety in the operating room.Relevance to clinical practice: Since the formation of proper communication between members of the surgical team can affect patient safety in the operating room, improving the communication skills of surgical team members can improve patient safety in the operating room.
SCD1/FADS2 fatty acid desaturases equipoise lipid metabolic activity and redox-driven ferroptosis in ascites-derived ovarian cancer cells
Authors: XUAN Yang , YUNG Mingo , Chen Fushun , WANG Huogang , CHAN Wai-Sun , CHAN Yau-Sang , Ngan Hextan , Chan Karen , Chan David
Published: November 2021

Malignant ascites in peritoneal metastases is a lipid-enriched microenvironment and is frequently involved in the poor prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, the detailed mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells dictating their lipid metabolic activities in promoting tumor progression remain elusive. Here, we report that two critical fatty acid desaturases, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) and acyl-CoA 6-desaturase (FADS2), are aberrantly upregulated, accelerating lipid metabolic activities and tumor aggressiveness of ascites-derived OvCa cells. Lipidomic analysis revealed that the elevation of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) is positively associated with SCD1/FADS2 levels and the oncogenic capacities of OvCa cells. In contrast, pharmaceutical inhibition and genetic ablation of SCD1/FADS2 retarded tumor growth, suppressed cancer stem cell (CSC) formation and reduced platinum resistance in OvCa cells. Mechanistically, inhibition of SCD1/FADS2 directly downregulated GPX4 and the GSH/GSSG ratio, causing disruption of the cellular redox balance and subsequent iron-mediated lipid peroxidation in ascites-derived OvCa cells. Hence, combinational treatment with SCD1/FADS2 inhibitors and cisplatin synergistically repressed tumor cell dissemination, providing a promising chemotherapeutic strategy against EOC platinum resistance and peritoneal metastases.
Inhibition of Hyperprogressive Cancer Disease Induced by Immune-Checkpoint Blockade Upon Co-Treatment with Meta-Tyrosine and p38 Pathway Inhibitor.
Authors: Montagna Daniela Romina , Duarte Alejandra , Chiarella Paula , Rearte Barbara , Bustuoabad Oscar , Vermeulen Mónica , Ruggiero Raúl
Published: November 2021

Background

Although immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are overall promissory for cancer treatment, they entail, in some cases, an undesired side-effect called hyperprogressive-cancer disease (HPD) associated with acceleration of tumor growth and shortened survival.
Methods

To understand the mechanisms of HPD we assayed the ICI therapy on two murine tumors widely different regarding immunogenicity and, subsequently, on models of local recurrences and metastases of these tumors. To potentiate the immune response (IR), we combined ICI with meta-tyrosine - that counteracts immune-suppressive signals - and a selective inhibitor of p38 pathway that proved to counteract the phenomenon of tumor-immunostimulation.
Results

ICI were therapeutically effective against both tumor models (proportionally to their immunogenicity) but only when they faced incipient tumors. In contrast, ICI produced acceleration of large and residual tumors. The combined treatment strongly inhibited the growth of large tumors and it managed to cure 80% of mice with local recurrences and 60% of mice bearing residual metastases.
Conclusions

Tumor enhancement was paradoxically correlated to a weak increase of the antitumor IR suggesting that a weak IR – different from a strong tumor-inhibitory one - may produce stimulation of tumor growth, mimicking the HPD observed in some clinical settings.
Sexting und sexuelle Grenzverletzungen an Schulen
Authors: Witz Christina
Published: November 2021

Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet den schulischen Umgang mit Sexting-Veröffentlichungen aus der Perspektive von Schülerinnen und Schülern. Zunächst werden die Prävention sexueller Gewalt als Aufgabe von Schule (auch im digitalen Raum) und das Phänomen Sexting beleuchtet. Im empirischen Teil wird aufgezeigt, was Schülerinnen und Schüler daran hindert, mit Lehrpersonen in Kontakt zu treten, wenn ihre intimen Aufnahmen veröffentlicht wurden oder sie darum wissen, dass Sexts anderer Jugendlicher kursieren. Neben dem Umstand, dass Lehrpersonen häufig nichts vom missbräuchlichen Umgang mit intimen Bildern erfahren, verweisen die Jugendlichen auf Einstellungsfragen und Machtasymmetrien, jedoch auch auf adoleszente und institutionelle Abgrenzungen. Dabei thematisieren die Schülerinnen und Schüler Vertrauen im Lehrpersonen-Schülerinnen und Schüler-Verhältnis, eine Trennung in öffentliche und private Sphäre, den Aspekt beidseitiger Scham sowie die Zuschreibung der Verantwortung an die Betroffenen (Victim Blaming). Der Artikel kommt zu dem Schluss, dass es einer Abwendung vom Devianz- und Abstinenzdiskurs und hin zu einer Anerkennung einvernehmlichen jugendlichen Sextings als Form digitaler sexueller Kommunikation bedarf, um ein Veröffentlichungsgeschehen im schulischen Rahmen angemessen besprechbar zu machen und formuliert Implikationen für die schulische Praxis.
EDUCATIONAL TOURISM AND EDUCATIONAL MIGRATION: ECONOMIC ESSENCE AND DISTINCTIONS
Authors: Petrushenko Yu. , Vorontsova A. , Yarova I. , Bilotserkivska O.
Published: November 2021

The mobility of human resources, which arises under the influence of various reasons, is characteristic of any stage of human development, which in modern conditions under the influence of globalization acquires special proportions. Among the traditional reasons for such spatial movements is not only the search for better living conditions and earnings, but also the desire for new experiences and knowledge. Thus, one of the main forms of mobility is tourism and migration. The growing role of education as one of the main goals of sustainable development ensures its development in the international space, which is associated with such phenomena as educational tourism and educational migration. Despite the existing developments in this topic, their economic essence and differentiation is not fully understood, which determines the relevance of this study and its main purpose. As a result, on the basis of semantic analysis, the essence of tourism and migration as basic categories was studied first, then moving on to educational migration and educational tourism. The theoretical analysis of the economic essence revealed that both terms imply the spatial movement of human resources in order to obtain educational services, which are forms of a broader concept of "academic mobility". In order to distinguish them, the following features are identified: conditional duration, planning, condition of return to the country of residence, condition of employment in the country of travel, obtaining a supporting document of training, voluntary nature, legal status and right to residence. The main difference is identified by the conditional duration, which is short-term for educational tourism and long-term for educational migration. In other respects, they are similar with minor modifications: for example, the condition of employment in the country of travel is fulfilled for educational migration only in the form of part-time study, or the condition of obtaining a certificate confirming training varies for tourism depending on the form of educational service (formal or informal). , which may or may not have a certain diploma, certificate); the legal status of a person is manifested as an emigrant and a tourist with different documentation and the right to reside. The obtained developments are important for further study of this issue and terminological and normative delimitation of educational tourism and educational migration for the proper organization of public policy in these areas.
THE IMPACT OF CYBER THREATS ON THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM ON THE EXAMPLE OF EU COUNTRIES
Authors: Bozhenko V. , Koibichuk V. , Gabenko M.
Published: November 2021

Exponential growth in the number of cyber frauds in the financial sector and their intellectualization leads to large-scale negative consequences of both financial (loss of funds by financial institutions and their customers, the bankruptcy of financial institutions, lack of tax revenues) and public (theft of personal data of consumers of financial services, reduction the level of business reputation of financial institutions, loss of public confidence in the security and reliability of financial transactions). The study used methods of systematization, comparison, structural analysis, logical generalization, bibliometric analysis (using VOSviewer 1.6.15) and methods of vertical, horizontal, financial, and trend analysis of the data set to assess the dynamics and trends of cybercrime in the financial system of the European Union. To determine the most relevant publications on this issue, the authors conducted a bibliometric analysis of scientific papers indexed by the Scopus database from 2015 to 2021. According to the study results, the expediency of separating 6 clusters by the results of scientific research, the authors of which are represented from 34 countries. The article analyzes the dynamics and trends of cybercrime in the financial sector of the European Union. Cybersecurity measures are summarized in terms of state security agencies, financial monitoring services, the Directorate General of Informatics. Cybersecurity features high on the list of the priorities of the European Commission: trust and security are at the core of the Digital Single Market Strategy, while the fight against cybercrime is one of the three pillars of the European Agenda on Security. The authors of the article emphasize that the development of digital technologies leads to an increase in the scale of cyber threats, which require prompt and timely detection, assessment, and development of appropriate measures to prevent them or minimize the possible consequences. The practical value of the study lies in the use of state regulation, supervision, and control in the development of a system of counteraction to information risks that threaten the public interest.
Discovery of Natural Product Inspired 3-Phenyl-1H-isochromen-1-ones as Highly Potent Antioxidant and Antiplatelet Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, SAR andIn SilicoStudies
Authors: Shyamlal Bharti R.K. , Mathur Manas , Yadav Dharmendra K. , Mashevskaya Irina V. , El-Shazly Mohamed , Saleh Na'il , Chaudhary Sandeep
Published: November 2021

Background:

Several natural/synthetic molecules having a structure similar to 1H-isochromen- 1-ones have been reported to display promising antioxidants and platelet aggregation inhibitory activity. Isocoumarin (1H-2-benzopyran-1-one) skeleton, either whole or as a part of the molecular framework, has been explored for its antioxidant or antiplatelet activities.

Introduction:

Based on the literature, a new prototype, i.e., 3-phenyl-1H-isochromen-1-ones based compounds, has been rationalized to possess both antioxidant as well as antiplatelet activities. Consequently, no reports are available regarding its inhibition either by cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzyme or by arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation. This prompted us to investigate 3-phenyl-1H-isochromen-1-ones towards antioxidant and antiplatelet agents.

Methods:

The goal of this work was to identify new 3-phenyl-1H-isochromen-1-ones based compounds via synthesis of a series of analogues, followed by performing in vitro antioxidant as well as AA-induced antiplatelet activities. Then, identification of potent compounds by SAR and molecular docking studies was carried out.

Results:

Out of all synthesized 3-phenyl-1H-isochromen-1-ones analogues, five compounds showed 7-fold to 16-fold more highly potent antioxidant activities than ascorbic acid. Altogether, ten 3-phenyl-1H-isochromen- 1-one analogues displayed antioxidant activities in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Almost all the 3-phenyl-1H-isochromen-1-one analogues exhibited potent AA-induced antiplatelet activity; few of them displayed 7-folds more activity as compared to aspirin. Further, in silico analysis validated the wet results.

Conclusion:

We disclose the first detailed study for the identification of 3-phenyl-1H-isochromen-1-one analogues as highly potent antioxidant as well as antiplatelet agents. The article describes the scaffold designing, synthesis, bioevaluation, structure-activity relationship, and in silico studies of a pharmaceutically privileged bioactive 3-phenyl-1H-isochromen-1-one class of heterocycles.
Plant Products in the Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Džamić Ana M. , Matejić Jelena S.
Published: November 2021

:

The beneficial effect of plants in treating diabetes is not only well-known in traditional
medicine but also confirmed in numerous scientific studies. The basic platform for testing the potential
antidiabetic activity of traditionally known plants and their bioactive compounds is a set of in
vitro, in vivo experiments, clinical trials, and molecular docking studies. Basic assays usually measure
enzyme inhibitory activity (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and other aspects related to diabetes mellitus
disease. Recently, the use of plant-derived compounds has proven useful in treating diabetes and
reducing complications resulting from high blood sugar levels. The main goal is to establish an action
mechanism of plant extracts or active compounds to find new antidiabetic drugs with less toxicological
properties. This work aims to collect data and discuss the newest results in the area of plant extracts,
compounds, and antidiabetic effects using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models. The data covered
in this review include plant extracts, polyphenols, terpenoids, saponins, phytosterols, and other
bioactive compounds, with some of the investigated plants being less known. Isolation of new compounds
might be a plentiful source for treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus. Clinical trials
with adequate monitoring give the best results of plants' product efficacy and safety. Many studies
have confirmed the importance of patent and use of medicinal herbs in the treatment of diabetes.
Connectivity and Patterns of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, Cerebral Glucose Uptake, and Aβ-Amyloid Deposition in Alzheimer's Disease (Early and Late-Onset) Compared to Normal Ageing
Authors: Germán Falasco , Andres Damian , Leandro Urrutia , Nicolás Niell , Graciela Lago , Yanina Bérgamo , Patricio Chrem , Adriana Quagliata , Cecilia Bentancourt , Ismael Calandri , Ismael Cordero , de León Magdalena Ponce , Valeria Contreras , Feuerstein Viviana , Sergio Dansilio , Ricardo Allegri , Henry Engler , Silvia Vazquez
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in early (EOAD) and
late (LOAD) onset of Alzheimer´s disease, as well as glucose uptake, regional cerebral blood flow
(R1), amyloid depositions, and functional brain connectivity between normal young (YC) and Old
Controls (OC).

Methodology:

The study included 22 YC (37 ± 5 y), 22 OC (73 ± 5.9 y), 18 patients with EOAD
(63 ± 9.5 y), and 18 with LOAD (70.6 ± 7.1 y). Patients underwent FDG and PIB PET/CT. R1 images
were obtained from the compartmental analysis of the dynamic PIB acquisitions. Images were
analyzed by a voxel-wise and a VOI-based approach. Functional connectivity was studied from the
R1 and glucose uptake images.

Results:

OC had a significant reduction of R1 and glucose uptake compared to YC, predominantly
at the dorsolateral and mesial frontal cortex. EOAD and LOAD vs. OC showed a decreased R1 and
glucose uptake at the posterior parietal cortex, precuneus, and posterior cingulum. EOAD vs.
LOAD showed a reduction in glucose uptake and R1 at the occipital and parietal cortex and an increased
at the mesial frontal and temporal cortex. There was a mild increase in an amyloid deposition
at the frontal cortex in LOAD vs. EOAD. YC presented higher connectivity than OC in R1 but
lower connectivity considering glucose uptake. Moreover, EOAD and LOAD showed a decreased
connectivity compared to controls that were more pronounced in glucose uptake than R1.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrated differences in amyloid deposition and functional imaging between
groups and a differential pattern of functional connectivity in R1 and glucose uptake in each
clinical condition. These findings provide new insights into the pathophysiological processes of
AD and may have an impact on patient diagnostic evaluation.
Mental Health Interventions in Juvenile Detention Institutions: A
Systematic Review of What Works
Authors: Ratnam Kishwen Kanna Yoga , Nordin Abid , Tok Peter Seah Keng , Farid Nik Daliana Nik , Dahlui Maznah
Published: November 2021

Background:

Incarcerated adolescents within the juvenile justice system are
more likely to be diagnosed with poor mental health compared with their non-incarcerated
peers. Conducting clinical trials on mental health interventions among an incarcerated
adolescent population is challenging due to the nature of detention facilities.

Objectives:

This systematic review examines available literature on Randomized Clinical
Trials (RCT) done to assess mental health interventions among incarcerated adolescents
globally and to determine the type of intervention that would best work in this setting. In
this study, a systematic review was conducted to search, identify, and recommend effective
interventions best suited to preserve and improve the mental wellbeing of incarcerated
adolescents within the detention institution setting.

Method:

The search was performed in Medline via Ovid, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and
Web of Science databases to retrieve related publications released between 1970 and March
2021. The principal inclusion criteria were RCT articles issued in English that reported any
mental health interventions performed in juvenile detention centers involving delinquent
adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old.

Results:

The search discovered 10 related articles that fulfilled the required inclusion
criteria. In total, there were seven different types of mental health interventions used in all
the studies. The three major themes identified among the selected studies are the
interventions for coping strategies, risky behavior, and attention disorder among
incarcerated adolescents. The efficacy of the interventions was dependent on the level of
intelligence, duration of incarceration, risk of treatment diffusion, and depression symptoms
among incarcerated adolescents.

Conclusions:

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention that is simple, brief, unique,
and targets depressive symptoms, has the potential to be most efficacious in improving
mental health among incarcerated adolescents.
Jurisprudencia sobre métodos psicofisiológicos en declaraciones judiciales como nexo de conocimiento psicocriminal
Authors: Rodríguez-González Víctor , Castro-Toledo Francisco Javier , García-García David , Velandia-Pardo Elmers Freddy
Published: November 2021

Este artículo analiza la jurisprudencia existente en España relacionada con la validez de la aplicación de diferentes procedimientos conocidos como detectores de mentiras y su aceptación en procesos judiciales. Se aborda la psicología del testimonio como un antecedente que valora la credibilidad de los declarantes, pero no la veracidad de su declaración. Se establece que estas pruebas son mayoritariamente solicitadas por el propio imputado para demostrar su inocencia con base en la credibilidad de su testimonio, pero sin aportar otro tipo de pruebas. El análisis muestra un rechazo al uso de estas herramientas en procesos judiciales, lo cual se explica porque falta mayor experimentación para obtener declaraciones auténticas y se desconocen estos procesos. Para ello, estos métodos siempre deben respaldarse por otro tipo de pruebas válidas.
Understanding the Regulation of Transcription in Mental Illness
Authors:   Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United State, O’Sullivan Sean J. ,   Brain Stimulation Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA., United States
Published: November 2021

Advances in clinical psychiatry have been less than hoped for relative to the achievements in neuroscience. However, developments in neuromodulation and psychedelic therapy are promising. The efficacy of such treatments and canonical pharmacotherapies benefit from genetics and personalized medicine. Moreover, recent studies on the perturbation of transcription, including chromatin remodeling, in mental illness emphasized the importance of single-cell qPCR as an investigatory method that bolstered psychiatry. This technique demonstrated chromatin remodeling as a biomarker for addiction and the underlying mechanism of depression. If personalized medicine, along with canonical and newer therapies, can mediate and regulate transcription, epidemics in depression and addiction can be mitigated. This motivates investigators to continue to use single-cell transcription measures in models of mental illness for translational medicine.
Long-Term Survival Among Histological Subtypes in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Population-Based Study Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database
Authors: Yang Shi-Ping , Su Hui-Luan , Chen Xiu-Bei , Hua Li , Chen Jian-Xian , Hu Min , Lei Jian , Wu San-Gang , Zhou Juan
Published: November 2021

Background

Actual long-term survival rates for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are rarely reported.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the role of histological subtypes in predicting the prognosis among long-term survivors (≥5 years) of advanced EOC.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of data among patients with stage III-IV EOC diagnosed from 2000 to 2014 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer data of the United States. We used the chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for the analyses.

Results

We included 8050 patients in this study, including 6929 (86.1%), 743 (9.2%), 237 (2.9%), and 141 (1.8%) patients with serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors, respectively. With a median follow-up of 91 months, the most common cause of death was primary ovarian cancer (80.3%), followed by other cancers (8.1%), other causes of death (7.3%), cardiac-related death (3.2%), and nonmalignant pulmonary disease (3.2%). Patients with the serous subtype were more likely to die from primary ovarian cancer, and patients with the mucinous subtype were more likely to die from other cancers and cardiac-related disease. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that patients with endometrioid (hazard ratio [HR] 0.534, P<.001), mucinous (HR 0.454, P<.001), and clear cell (HR 0.563, P<.001) subtypes showed better ovarian cancer-specific survival than those with the serous subtype. Similar results were found regarding overall survival. However, ovarian cancer–specific survival and overall survival were comparable among those with endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors.

Conclusions

Ovarian cancer remains the primary cause of death in long-term ovarian cancer survivors. Moreover, the probability of death was significantly different among those with different histological subtypes. It is important for clinicians to individualize the surveillance program for long-term ovarian cancer survivors.
Predictors to Use Mobile Apps for Monitoring COVID-19 Symptoms and Contact Tracing: Survey Among Dutch Citizens
Authors: Jansen-Kosterink Stephanie , Hurmuz Marian , den Ouden Marjolein , van Velsen Lex
Published: November 2021

Background

eHealth apps have been recognized as a valuable tool to reduce COVID-19’s effective reproduction number. The factors that determine the acceptance of COVID-19 apps remain unknown. The exception here is privacy.

Objective

The aim of this article was to identify antecedents of acceptance of (1) a mobile app for COVID-19 symptom recognition and monitoring and (2) a mobile app for contact tracing, both by means of an online survey among Dutch citizens.

Methods

Next to the demographics, the online survey contained questions focusing on perceived health, fear of COVID-19, and intention to use. We used snowball sampling via posts on social media and personal connections. To identify antecedents of the model for acceptance of the 2 mobile apps, we conducted multiple linear regression analyses.

Results

In total, 238 Dutch adults completed the survey; 59.2% (n=141) of the responders were female and the average age was 45.6 years (SD 17.4 years). For the symptom app, the final model included the predictors age, attitude toward technology, and fear of COVID-19. The model had an r2 of 0.141. The final model for the tracing app included the same predictors and had an r2 of 0.156. The main reason to use both mobile apps was to control the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Concerns about privacy was mentioned as the main reason to not use the mobile apps.

Conclusions

Age, attitude toward technology, and fear of COVID-19 are important predictors of the acceptance of COVID-19 mobile apps for symptom recognition and monitoring and for contact tracing. These predictors should be taken into account during the development and implementation of these mobile apps to secure acceptance.
Exploring the Experiences of Family Caregivers of Children With Special Health Care Needs to Inform the Design of Digital Health Systems: Formative Qualitative Study
Authors: Tennant Ryan , Allana Sana , Mercer Kate , Burns Catherine M
Published: November 2021

Background

Family caregivers of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) are responsible for managing and communicating information regarding their child’s health in their homes. Although family caregivers currently capture information through nondigital methods, digital health care applications are a promising solution for supporting the standardization of information management in complex home care across their child’s health care team. However, family caregivers continue to use paper-based methods where the adoption of digital health care tools is low. With the rise in home care for children with complex health care needs, it is important to understand the caregiving work domain to inform the design of technologies that support child safety in the home.

Objective

The aim of this study is to explore how family caregivers navigate information management and communication in complex home care for CSHCN.

Methods

This research is part of a broader study to explore caregivers’ perspectives on integrating and designing digital health care tools for complex home care. The broader study included interviews and surveys about designing a voice user interface to support home care. This formative study explored semistructured interview data with family caregivers of CSHCN about their home care situations. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the information management and communication processes.

Results

We collected data from 7 family caregivers in North America and identified 5 themes. First, family caregivers were continuously learning to provide care. They were also updating the caregiver team on their child’s status and teaching caregivers about their care situation. As caregiving teams grew, they found themselves working on communicating with their children’s educators. Beyond the scope of managing their child’s health information, family caregivers also navigated bureaucratic processes for their child’s home care.

Conclusions

Family caregivers’ experiences of caring for CSHCN differ contextually and evolve as their child’s condition changes and they grow toward adulthood. Family caregivers recorded information using paper-based tools, which did not sufficiently support information management. They also experienced significant pressure in summarizing information and coordinating 2-way communication about the details of their child’s health with caregivers. The design of digital health care systems and tools for complex home care may improve care coordination if they provide an intuitive method for information interaction and significant utility by delivering situation-specific insights and adapting to unique and dynamic home care environments. Although these findings provide a foundational understanding, there is an opportunity for further research to generalize the findings.
Impact of Virtual Reality-Based Therapies on Cognition and Mental Health of Stroke Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Qi , Fu Yu , Lu Yanhui , Zhang Yating , Huang Qifang , Yang Yajie , Zhang Ke , Li Mingzi
Published: November 2021

Background

Stroke remains one of the major chronic illnesses worldwide that health care organizations will need to address for the next several decades. Individuals poststroke are subject to levels of cognitive impairment and mental health problems. Virtual reality (VR)-based therapies are new technologies used for cognitive rehabilitation and the management of psychological outcomes.

Objective

This study performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of VR-based therapies on cognitive function and mental health in patients with stroke.

Methods

A comprehensive database search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Cochrane Library, and APA PsycINFO databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that studied the effects of VR on patients with stroke. We included trials published up to April 15, 2021, that fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The literature was screened, data were extracted, and the methodological quality of the included trials was assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results

A total of 894 patients from 23 RCTs were included in our meta-analysis. Compared to traditional rehabilitation therapies, the executive function (standard mean difference [SMD]=0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.06-1.70, P=.03), memory (SMD=1.44, 95% CI=0.21-2.68, P=.02), and visuospatial function (SMD=0.78, 95% CI=0.23-1.33, P=.006) significantly improved among patients after VR intervention. However, there were no significant differences observed in global cognitive function, attention, verbal fluency, depression, and the quality of life (QoL).

Conclusions

The findings of our meta-analysis showed that VR-based therapies are efficacious in improving executive function, memory, and visuospatial function in patients with stroke. For global cognitive function, attention, verbal fluency, depression, and the QoL, further research is required.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021252788; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=252788
Variations in Intramuscular Fat Content and Profile in Angus × Nellore Steers Under Different Feeding Strategies Contribute to Color and Tenderness Development in Longissimus thoracis
Authors: Antonelo Daniel S. , Beline Mariane , Silva Saulo L. , Gómez Juan F. M. , Ferreira Christina R. , Zhang Xue , Pavan Bruna , Koulicoff Larissa A. , Rosa Alessandra F. , Goulart Rodrigo S. , Gerrard David E. , Suman Surendranath P. , Schilling M. Wes , Balieiro Júlio C. C.
Published: November 2021

Muscle from cattle reared under different finishing regimes (grain vs. forage) and with different growth rates may have divergent metabolic signatures that are reflective of their inherent differences in biochemical processes, which may impact their subsequent transformation into high-quality beef. Differences in muscle lipid profiles were characterized in Angus × Nellore crossbred steers, using multiple reaction monitoring profiling, to identify potential metabolic signatures correlated to beef color and tenderness in the longissimus thoracis muscle of cattle fed in either a feedlot- or pasture-based system programmed to achieve either a high or low growth rate. A total of 440 lipids were significant, which were related mainly to triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine lipids. Distinct clusters between feeding strategies for the lipid dataset were revealed, which affected glycerolipid metabolism (P = 0.004), phospholipid metabolism (P = 0.009), sphingolipid metabolism (P = 0.050), and mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long-chain saturated fatty acid (P = 0.073) pathways. Lipid content and profile differed with feeding strategies, which were related to L*, a*, and tenderness. These findings provide a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of lipidomic profiling of beef cattle finished under different feeding strategies and provide a basis for the relationship between lipid content and profiles and beef quality development.
ПОСТРОЕНИЕ ГРУППИРОВКИ МАЛЫХ КОСМИЧЕСКИХ АППАРАТОВ РАДИОЛОКАЦИОННОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ ЗЕМЛИ И СИНТЕЗ ТРЕБОВАНИЙ К БОРТОВОЙ РАДИОЛОКАЦИОННОЙ АППАРАТУРЕ
Authors: Цветков В.К. , Лялин К.С. , Переверзев А.Л. , Орешкин В.И. , Козлов В.А.
Published: November 2021

В настоящее время наблюдается активное развитие радиолокационных средств дистанционного зондирования Земли космического базирования. При этом наблюдается тенденция применения малых космических аппаратов в качестве носителей. Радиолокационные средства ДЗЗ КА нашли широкое применение не только в интересах обороны, но и в коммерческом секторе. В РФ ведется активная работа над созданием отечественной системы ДЗЗ малых КА, но сколь угодно значимых результатов в этом направлении пока не достигнуто. В рамках доклада предложен вариант построения группировки малых космических аппаратов радиолокационного зондирования Земли, облик систем, а также приведены результаты расчетов требований к бортовой аппаратуре - радиолокатору с синтезированной апертурой. Предложены основные подходы в рамках экспериментальной отработки.
Transcend the Death of Child with Cancer: Professional Health Experiences
Authors: Vega Vega Paula , Carrasco Aldunate Paola , Rojo Suárez Leticia , López Encina María Eugenia , González Rodríguez Rina , González Briones Ximena
Published: November 2021

Objective: To reveal the perception of grief support of professionals in pediatric oncology units, after the death of the patients. Method: Qualitative phenomenological study. 22 in-depth interviews were conducted with professionals from 5 pediatric oncology units of public hospitals in Santiago. Once the narratives were transcribed, the comprehensive analysis and subsequent triangulation of the data was performed, achieving saturation. Results: Professionals perceive themselves supported in their grief by being able to experience the losses in a protected environment and feeling supported by their surroundings. They recognized the existence of external and internal factors that facilitated the process of grief. However, this support is perceived as insufficient, as there is a lack of formal support from the institution, as well as a protected grief period, or support from mental health professionals to the teams. All death experiences allow professionals to transcend their pain based on lifelong learning and to give meaning to their work. Conclusion: Grief support felt by the professionals is generated from their own initiatives of re-encounter within the teams, which is insufficient. Therefore, training in coping with death is necessary from undergraduate level, which would allow greater cohesiveness in coping and greater self-care within the teams.
Cuidado às pessoas com deficiência auditiva sob o olhar do enfermeiro de família
Authors: Dos Santos Anna Keylla da Silva , Santos Lucas Portella Silva , Faria Magda Guimarães de Araujo , Brandão Paula Soares , Thiengo Priscila Cristina da Silva , Alves Luciana Valadão Vasconcelos
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Descrever aspectos do cuidado às pessoas com deficiência auditiva a partir da avaliação de enfermeiros atuantes na saúde da família. Método: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório do tipo piloto. A população inicial do estudo era de 53 indivíduos, entretanto, a amostra foi de 37 enfermeiros entre egressos e alunos do Curso de Especialização em Enfermagem em Saúde da Família, na Modalidade Residência. Para o desenvolvimento da investigação, o projeto proposto foi avaliado por um Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e aprovado sob número de parecer 2.543.278. Resultados: 62,16% dos participantes já atenderam pacientes com deficiência auditiva; 92% relataram que este atendimento não foi totalmente eficaz e apenas 11% mencionaram a existência de recursos que garantiam um atendimento adequado; 27% dos participantes não se sentiam aptos para prestar assistência a este público e todos perceberam a necessidade de qualificação para efetuar o cuidado à pessoa com deficiência auditiva, sendo que a estratégia mais citada foi a incorporação de conteúdos na graduação. Conclusão: Esta análise foi responsável por um diagnóstico conclusivo de insegurança, incapacidade de atendimento e despreparo da própria unidade de saúde, o que aponta para a necessidade de construção e reformulação de políticas públicas de educação permanente e de manutenção de ambientes institucionais de saúde amigáveis que possam garantir a estruturação de um sistema de atendimento resolutivo à esta população.
Influencia de la autoeficacia en la incertidumbre y la calidad de vida de mujeres con cáncer de mama. Revisión integrativa
Authors: Pastuña-Doicela Rosa , Sanhueza-Alvarado Olivia
Published: November 2021

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es una enfermedad muy agresiva que impacta negativamente en la calidad de vida, debido a los múltiples cambios físicos, psicológicos, estéticos, una constante incertidumbre y el temor a la muerte, que deterioran la autoestima, la capacidad de autogestión, las emociones, la autoeficacia y la esperanza de las mujeres afectadas. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la autoeficacia en la incertidumbre y en la calidad de vida de las mujeres con cáncer de mama. Materiales y Método: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica en las principales bases de datos, entre los años 2015 al 2020, de artículos a texto completo, mediante los siguientes descriptores: “cáncer de mama” “incertidumbre “calidad de vida” y “autoeficacia”, siguiendo los lineamientos establecidos por el Manual Cochrane e informe PRISMA. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 20 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se presentan como hallazgos las siguientes categorías abordadas en las investigaciones: “Deterioro de la Calidad de vida de las mujeres por el cáncer de mama”; “La incertidumbre como estresor psicológico que afecta la calidad de vida” y “Autoeficacia como factor positivo para el bienestar y el afrontamiento”. Conclusiones: Se pudo determinar que la incertidumbre constituye un estresor psicológico que deteriora el bienestar integral de las mujeres afectadas, ya que influye negativamente en los dominios psicológico, social y físico de la calidad de vida. Se observó una relación positiva entre la autoeficacia con el bienestar y las estrategias de afrontamiento en mujeres con cáncer de mama, pues la autoeficacia disminuye la percepción de ambigüedad e incertidumbre.
Developing English speaking skills through written
Authors:   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia, Bolkvadze Lela
Published: November 2021

The article deals with problems of acquiring English speaking skills by adult learners and represents an attempt to determine the influence of written speech on the development of oral speech and define the role of translation in this process, based on which some new approaches can be formed both for teaching as well as learning processes to promote independence. In addressing these issues, the article focuses on issues of language learning, teaching, developing fluency through written translation and delves into the roots of the term bilingualism to come to satisfactory solutions.The aim of this article is to present the two facets of using translation for educational purposes and try to demystify the way teachers and learners should follow. The scholarly references I cite in this article span quite a long period because the problem has a long history, not yet solved, and some older perspectives are just beginning to reappear in a new light.