bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances for Synthesis of Oxazole Heterocycles via C‐H/C‐N Bond Functionalization of Benzylamines
Authors: Kadu Vikas D.
Published: June 2022

The five membered heteroaromatic oxazole motifs and their scaffolds exhibit significant pharmaceutical and biological applications. Remarkably, the high efficiency in the assembly of structurally diverse oxazole scaffolds via C(sp3)‐H functionalization of benzylamines have attracted synthetic organic chemists. In this review, the different synthetic strategies from benzylamines as a new emerging substrate via C−H/C−N bond functionalization towards oxazole synthesis are discussed in detail. Moreover, it highlights substrate scope along with the reaction mechanism involved during the reaction.
Missing Recipe in the Na‐B Bond in NaBH3–Cluster
Authors: Kalita Amlan J. , Sarmah Kangkan , Borah Ritam R. , Yashmin Farnaz , Mazumder Lakhya J. , Purkayastha Siddhartha K. , Das Kanwaki , Dutta Trisha , Guha Ankur K.
Published: June 2022

The multifaceted little Na−B bond in NaBH3‐cluster has been the subject of many recent studies. Many proposals have been put forward for the complete understanding of the chemical bonding in NaBH3‐cluster. However, none of the studies provided a complete picture. Herein, the missing recipe of the chemical bonding in NaBH3‐cluster has been identified which completes the description. Our calculations reveal that the chemical bonding in NaBH3‐cluster is more multifaceted than ever thought. Our finding suggests that the NaBH3‐cluster features a Na−B one electron bond which is assisted by three 3‐centre‐2‐electron Na‐B−H bond. Detailed topological analyses of electron density and electron localization function at the correlated level reveal such a bonding situation. This missing 3‐centre‐2‐electron Na‐B−H bond completes the description of chemical bonding in NaBH3‐cluster which is at‐per with the well established bonding scenario for electron deficient compounds. Similar bonding scenario is observed in KBH3−, CuBH3‐and AuBH3−clusters, further lending support to the complete picture of bonding.
Tailored Hydrogel Delivering Niobium Carbide Boosts ROS‐Scavenging and Antimicrobial Activities for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Chen Jing , Liu Yujing , Cheng Guopan , Guo Jiahe , Du Shuang , Qiu Jinmei , Wang Cheng , Li Chengcheng , Yang Xiaofan , Chen Tongkai , Chen Zhenbing
Published: June 2022

The treatment of diabetic wounds remains challenging due to the excess levels of oxidative stress, vulnerability to bacterial infection, and persistent inflammation response during healing. The development of hydrogel wound dressings with ideal anti‐inflammation, antioxidant, and anti‐infective properties is an urgent clinical requirement. In the present study, an injectable thermosensitive niobium carbide (Nb2C)‐based hydrogel (Nb2C@Gel) with antioxidative and antimicrobial activity is developed to promote diabetic wound healing. The Nb2C@Gel system is composed of Nb2C and a PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA triblock copolymer. The fabricated Nb2C nanosheets (NSs) show good biocompatibility during in vitro cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility assays and in vivo toxicity assays. In vitro experiments show that Nb2C NSs can efficiently eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus protecting cells in the wound from oxidative stress damage. Meanwhile, Nb2C NSs also exhibit good near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In vivo results demonstrate that Nb2C@Gel promotes wound healing by attenuating ROS levels, reducing oxidative damage, eradicating bacterial infection under NIR irradiation, and accelerating angiogenesis. To summarize, the Nb2C@Gel system, with its ROS‐scavenging, photothermal antimicrobial and hemostatic activities, can be a promising and effective strategy for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
Magnetic Interacted Interaction Effect in MXene Skeleton: Enhanced Thermal‐Generation for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Huang Mengqiu , Wang Lei , Li Xiao , Wu Zhengchen , Zhao Biao , Pei Ke , Liu Xianhu , Zhang Xuefeng , Che Renchao
Published: June 2022

With the rapid advancements of portable and wearable equipment, high‐efficiency electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are highly entailed to eliminate radiated electromagnetic pollution. Herein, by assembling hexagonal SrFe12O19 flakes into a Ti3C2Tx MXene/MWCNT substrate, a magnetized Ti3C2Tx‐based film is successfully fabricated by a facile filtration approach. Carbon nanotubes are used as isolation agents to realize the submicroscopic dispersion of MXene and SrFe12O19. The obtained MXene/MWCNTs/SrFe12O19 film shows a high electrical conductivity of 438 S cm−1 and an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 62.9 dB in X‐band at a thickness of only 40 µm. Benefiting from a strong magnetic response ability and an expanded magnetic coupling space, hexagonal SrFe12O19 sheets can efficiently consume incident magnetic field energy by domain wall migration and the ferromagnetic resonance effect. Boosted EMI shielding performance can be achieved by improving the magnetic loss in the Ti3C2Tx MXene/MWCNTs/SrFe12O19 film, preventing the secondary reflection of electromagnetic waves. Meanwhile, magnetized MXene‐based films display the freestanding and flexible features and are suitable for installation in electric devices. It is anticipated that this strategy offers new ideas for designing EMI shielding films and in broadening potential utility of MXene‐based materials.
A Heat‐Liquefiable Solid Precursor for Ambient Growth of Perovskites with High Tunability, Performance and Stability
Authors: He Yi , Lin Zedong , Wang Jian , Zhang Kai , Xu Xiuwen , Li Yu , Huang Xianzhen , Ma Tingli , Xiao Shuang , Yang Shihe
Published: June 2022

Halide perovskites are intensively studied for applications in optoelectronic devices because of their outstanding properties and relatively low cost. However, the common precursor solutions for perovskite fabrication are rather unstable in the presence of moisture and oxygen, limiting the large‐scale low‐cost production of perovskite. Herein, water is used counterintuitively to formulate an ambient stable perovskite precursor, which is peculiar in that it is solid at room temperature but becomes a liquid at 75 °C. The non‐fluidity of the precursor stemmed from the water‐assisted intermediate fiber assembly, conferring high damp air stability. Yet the heat‐liquefiability made the precursor highly processible for perovskite growth, and when guided by polyvinyl pyrrolidone coordination with Pb2+, the perovskite can preferentially grow along the [200] direction, significantly improving the film quality. To demonstrate the utility of the precursor, it has been used to fabricate self‐driven halide perovskite photodetectors, which exhibited a low noise current of 2.0 × 10−14 A Hz−1/2, a high specific detectivity up to 1.4 × 1013 Jones, and high stability of 20 days of operation with only < 5% external quantum efficiency decay. This type of solid‐liquid convertible precursor opens up new opportunities for wider applications of perovskites.
Die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Brückenseilen und deren Endverbindungen
Authors: Novak Gregor
Published: June 2022

Die zerstörungsfreie Seilprüfung mittels magnetinduktiver Prüfung ist bei Seilbahnen und Schachtförderanlagen seit Jahrzehnten gängige Praxis, welche auch in Vorschriften und Normen Einzug gehalten hat. Dieses Prüfverfahren wird auch vermehrt bei seilabgespannten Brücken sowie bei mit Litzenbündeln ausgeführten Brücken angewendet und bei den Hauptprüfungen gefordert. Herausforderungen bestehen hierbei v. a. bei aufwendig gestalteten Seilkonstruktionen, bei denen nur bedingt die Prüfungen durchgeführt bzw. bei denen die wichtigen Bereiche (z. B. Klemmenbereiche) nicht begutachtet werden können. Des Weiteren werden vermehrt Ultraschallprüfungen bei vergossenen Seilendverbindungen zur Detektion von Drahtbrüchen u. Ä. gefordert, obwohl die verfügbaren Messverfahren für diese Art der Prüfung nicht ausreichend erforscht bzw. entwickelt sind. Neben diesen zerstörungsfreien Prüfungen kann auch die softwaregestützte visuelle Seilkontrolle durchgeführt werden. Diese kann helfen, Oberflächendefekte wie fehlenden Korrosionsschutz oder durch Blitzschläge oder in der Nähe unsachgemäß durchgeführte Schweißarbeiten verursachte Verschweißungen von Drähten zu detektieren. Die genannten Prüfverfahren werden in diesem Beitrag näher vorgestellt und deren Vorteile und Verbesserungspotenziale aufgezeigt. Weiter werden generelle Angaben zu Seilprüfungen und Inspektionen gemacht.
Towards ruling out the charged Higgs interpretation of the $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$ anomaly
Authors: Blanke Monika , Iguro Syuhei , Zhang Hantian
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Motivated by the notorious anomaly in the lepton flavor universality ratios $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

D

∗

, we study the sensitivity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to a low-mass charged Higgs boson H− lighter than 400 GeV in a generic two Higgs doublet model. A combination of current constraints from the Bc→ τν decay, Bs meson mixing data, tau sleptons and di-jet searches at the LHC allows to explain the $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

D

∗

anomaly at the 1σ level by a low-mass charged Higgs. In this context, we estimate the reach of an LHC search for resonant H− production, where the final state contains an energetic τ lepton decaying hadronically, a neutrino with large transverse momentum, and an additional b-jet (pp → b + τh + ν). Requiring the additional b-tagged jet in the τν resonance search profits from the suppression of the Standard Model background, and therefore it allows us to judge the low-mass H− interpretation of the $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

D

∗

anomaly. To demonstrate this, we perform a fast collider simulation for the τν resonance search with an additional b-tagged jet, and find that most of the interesting parameter region of the whole mass range can already be probed with the current integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1.
Impact of severe necrotizing fasciitis on quality of life in the Netherlands
Authors: van Stigt Sander F. L. , Schrooten Tim K. J. , Knubben Merel , Tan Edward C. T. H.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe soft-tissue infection which can leave survivors with big and multiple disfiguring alterations to their bodies, which can negatively affect the lives of patients by causing functional limitations and altered self-perception. In this study we aim to find if NF affect (self-reported) quality of life (QoL) in patients surviving NF.

Methods

All patients with (histopathological or surgical confirmed) NF who were admitted to the intensive care unit for 24 h or more between January 2003 and December 2017 in five hospitals from the Nijmegen teaching region were included. Quality of life was measured with the SF-36 and WHOQol-BREF. These results were compared to reference populations from the Netherlands and a Australian reference population.

Results

44 out of 60 patients (73.3%) who were contacted returned the surveys and were eligible for analysis. These patients showed lowered levels of quality of life on multiple domains of the SF-36: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, vitality and general health. The physical domain of the WHOQol-BREF showed also significant lowered levels of quality of life.

Conclusion

NF is a severe illness with a high morbidity and mortality rate. This study shows that patients who do survive NF have decreased (self-reported) quality of life in multiple domains with a focus on decreased physical functioning. During and after admission realistic expectations should be discussed and there should be more attention to signs of permanent disability. That way extra support by a physiotherapist or social worker can be provided.
Generalised calibration with latent variables for the treatment of unit nonresponse in sample surveys
Authors: Ranalli M. Giovanna , Matei Alina , Neri Andrea
Published: June 2022

Sample surveys may suffer from nonignorable unit nonresponse. This happens when the decision of whether or not to participate in the survey is correlated with variables of interest; in such a case, nonresponse produces biased estimates for parameters related to those variables, even after adjustments that account for auxiliary information. This paper presents a method to deal with nonignorable unit nonresponse that uses generalised calibration and latent variable modelling. Generalised calibration enables to model unit nonresponse using a set of auxiliary variables (instrumental or model variables), that can be different from those used in the calibration constraints (calibration variables). We propose to use latent variables to estimate the probability to participate in the survey and to construct a reweighting system incorporating such latent variables. The proposed methodology is illustrated, its properties discussed and tested on two simulation studies. Finally, it is applied to adjust estimates of the finite population mean wealth from the Italian Survey of Household Income and Wealth.
Optical Detection of Phase Transformations in Steels: An Innovative Method for Time-Efficient Material Characterization During Tailored Thermo-mechanical Processing of a Press Hardening Steel
Authors: Reitz Alexander , Grydin Olexandr , Schaper Mirko
Published: June 2022

With an innovative optical characterization method, using high-temperature digital image correlation in combination with thermal imaging, the local change in strain and change in temperature could be determined during thermo-mechanical treatment of flat steel specimens. With data obtained by this optical method, the transformation kinetics for every area of interest along the whole measuring length of a flat specimen could be analyzed by the generation of dilatation curves. The benefit of this innovative optical characterization method compared to a dilatometer test is that the experimental effort for the design of a tailored component could be strongly reduced to the investigation of only a few tailored thermo-mechanical processed specimens. Due to the implementation of a strain and/or temperature gradient within the flat specimen, less metallographic samples are prepared for hardness analysis and analysis of the microstructural composition by scanning electron microscopy to investigate the influence of different process parameters. Compared to performed dilatometer tests in this study, the optical method obtained comparable results for the transformation start and end temperatures. For the final design of a part with tailored properties, the optical method is suitable for a time-efficient material characterization.

Graphical Abstract
Sex and Gender Considerations in Episodic Migraine
Authors: Ahmad Sarah R. , Rosendale Nicole
Published: June 2022

Purpose of Review

We seek to update readers on recent advances in our understanding of sex and gender in episodic migraine with a two part series. In part 1, we examine migraine epidemiology in the context of sex and gender, differences in symptomatology, and the influence of sex hormones on migraine pathophysiology (including CGRP). In part 2, we focus on practical clinical considerations for sex and gender in episodic migraine by addressing menstrual migraine and the controversial topic of hormone-containing therapies. We make note of data applicable to gender minority populations, when available, and summarize knowledge on gender affirming hormone therapy and migraine management in transgender individuals. Finally, we briefly address health disparities, socioeconomic considerations, and research bias.

Recent Findings

Migraine is known to be more prevalent, frequent, and disabling in women. There are also differences in migraine co-morbidities and symptomatology. For instance, women are likely to experience more migraine associated symptoms such as nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. Migraine pathophysiology is influenced by sex hormones, e.g., estrogen withdrawal as a known trigger for migraine. Other hormones such as progesterone and testosterone are less well studied. Relationships between CGRP (the target of new acute and preventive migraine treatments) and sex hormones have been established with both animal and human model studies. The natural course of migraine throughout the lifetime suggests a contribution from hormonal changes, from puberty to pregnancy to menopause/post-menopause. Treatment of menstrual migraine and the use of hormone-containing therapies remains controversial. Re-evaluation of the data reveals that stroke risk is an estrogen dose- and aura frequency-dependent phenomenon. There are limited data on episodic migraine in gender minorities. Gender affirming hormone therapy may be associated with a change in migraine and unique risks (including ischemic stroke with high dose estrogen).

There are key differences in migraine epidemiology and symptomatology, thought to be driven at least in part by sex hormones which influence migraine pathophysiology and the natural course of migraine throughout the lifetime. More effective and specific treatments for menstrual migraine are needed. A careful examination of the data on estrogen and stroke risk suggests a nuanced approach to the issue of estrogen-containing contraception and hormone replacement therapy is warranted. Our understanding of sex and gender is evolving, with limited but growing research on the relationship between gender affirming therapy and migraine, and treatment considerations for transgender people with migraine.
Adaptive Deprivation Scales in a Multi-National Context: The European Child Deprivation Indicators
Authors: Bailey Nick , Guio Anne-Catherine
Published: June 2022

In 2018, EU Member States adopted a 17-item scale to measure child deprivation and monitor progress in their fight against child poverty. This indicator will be collected in future every three years via an ad hoc module of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). Previous research has shown how deprivation measures can be implemented more efficiently and with minimal information loss using adaptive testing, at least in the context of a single country. This paper examines the scope to implement the adaptive approach in a multi-national context with wide variations in deprivation levels and potentially in cultural preferences for consumption. The paper shows that the adaptive approach works effectively in this context. Time savings of around 40 per cent can be achieved with very minimal information losses both at the EU level and at the level of each individual country. Time savings are much greater in countries with lower deprivation. The adaptive approach may therefore offer particular advantages in a multi-national context as it can provide a consistent measure for all participating countries while targeting survey time and resources where they are most needed.
Betriebliches SARS-CoV-2-Risikomanagement zur wirkungsvollen Eindämmung von Infektionsketten
Authors: Paaßen Andreas , Anderle Laura , John Karsten , Wilbrand Sebastian
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund

Während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie ist es vorrangig, die Mitarbeiter vor Infektionsrisiken zu schützen und die Geschäftstätigkeit zu sichern. Neue Virusvarianten mit erhöhter Ansteckungsgefahr erfordern eine weiterentwickelte Risikostrategie.

Material und Methoden

Mehrere Standardmaßnahmen wie Tests, Isolierung und Quarantäne werden zu einer neuartigen Risikostrategie kombiniert. Epidemiologische Modellrechnungen und wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse über den Verlauf der SARS-CoV-2-Infektiosität werden zur Optimierung dieser Strategie herangezogen. Das Verfahren ist in einem einfach zu bedienenden Rechner auf Excel-Basis implementiert.

Aufbau in der Praxis und Ergebnisse

Alternative Maßnahmenkombinationen und praktische Aspekte werden erörtert. Anhand von Beispielrechnungen wird die Wirkung der diskutierten Maßnahmen demonstriert.

Schlussfolgerung

Der aus diesen Grundlagen abgeleitete Quarantäne-Rechner ermöglicht es auch Nicht-Fachleuten, eine differenzierte Risikoanalyse durchzuführen und optimierte Maßnahmen einzuleiten. Gezielte Prüfroutinen und alternative Maßnahmen sichern die Personalverfügbarkeit.
Detectable Digoxin Concentrations in 3 Patients with Ramps Misadventure
Authors: Trebach Joshua , Calleo Vincent , Akbar Sara , Langston James , Filigenzi Michael , Hoffman Robert S.
Published: June 2022

Allium tricoccum (commonly known as “ramps”) is an edible plant known for its strong garlic-like odor and onion flavor. Unfortunately, A tricoccum mimics such as Lily of the Valley ( Convallaria majalis) and False Hellebore ( Veratrum viride) can lead to foraging errors and subsequent patient harm/toxicity. We describe 3 adults who foraged and ate what they believed were A tricoccum and then subsequently became symptomatic with detectable digoxin concentrations. A 41-y-old woman, 41-y-old man, and a 31-y-old man presented to the emergency department after ingesting an unknown plant that was believed to be A tricoccum. On arrival to the emergency department, the patients were hypotensive and bradycardic. They had detectable digoxin concentrations ranging from 0.08 ng·mL-1 to 0.13 ng·mL-1. One patient received 20 vials of digoxin antibody fragments. All 3 patients recovered without complication. Laboratory analysis of plant specimen was positive for cyclopamine, a teratogenic alkaloid found in Veratrum californicum. A tricoccum foraging errors can be a source of morbidity given their similarity in appearance to plants like C majalis and V viride. C majalis causes a detectable digoxin concentration via its cardiac steroid compound (convallatoxin) that is similar to digoxin. V viride contains alkaloid compounds (such as veratridine) that can cross react with digoxin assays and lead to a falsely elevated digoxin concentration. Clinicians should be prompted to think about ingestion of C majalis or Veratrum spp. when patients present with bradycardia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and detectable digoxin concentrations after plant ingestion and/or foraging for A tricoccum.
Nazism, the Second World War and the Holocaust in Contemporary Latin American Fiction
Authors: Baker Emily M.
Published: June 2022

Addressing the question of why many Latin American fiction authors are writing about Nazism, the Second World War and the Holocaust now, this book charts the evolution of Latin American literary production from the 19th Century, through the late 20th century 'Boom', to the present day. Containing texts from Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, Argentina and Chile, it analyses work by some of the most well-known contemporary writers including Roberto Bolaño, Juan Gabriel Vásquez, Jorge Volpi, Lucía Puenzo, Patricio Pron and Michel Laub; as well as notable precursors such as Jorge Luis Borges, Carlos Fuentes and Ricardo Piglia. Nazism, the Second World War and the Holocaust in Contemporary Latin American Fiction argues that these authors find Nazism relevant to thinking through some of the most urgent contemporary challenges we face: from racism, to the unequal division of wealth and labour between the Global 'North' and 'South'; and, of course, the general failure of democracy to eliminate fascism.
Patchwork States
Authors: Naseemullah Adnan
Published: June 2022

Patchwork States argues that the subnational politics of conflict and competition in South Asian countries have roots in the history of uneven state formation under colonial rule. Colonial India contained a complex landscape of different governance arrangements and state-society relations. After independence, postcolonial governments revised colonial governance institutions, but only with partial success. The book argues that contemporary India and Pakistan can be usefully understood as patchwork states, with enduring differences in state capacity and state-society relations within their national territories. The complex nature of territorial governance in these countries shapes patterns of political violence, including riots and rebellions, as well as variations in electoral competition and development across the political geography of the Indian subcontinent. By bridging past and present, this book can transform our understanding of both the legacies of colonial rule and the historical roots of violent politics, in South Asia and beyond.
West Side Story in Spain
Authors: Laird Paul R. , Monte Gonzalo Fernández
Published: June 2022

West Side Story first became famous in Spain when the Robert Wise film opened there in 1962, the version remaining popular for decades. Brief international tours came to various cities in Spain in the 1980s, but their presence did not diminish memory of the film, which played a major influence on the country's first stage adaptation of the show in 1996. Directed by Ricard Reguant and produced in Barcelona by Focus, the production also toured. After another international tour played in three Spanish cities in summer 2009, the Madrid company SOM Produce mounted a rendition in 2018 directed and choreographed by Federico Barrios, the first Spanish stage version based on the original 1957 staging. This Element compares the adaptations of the 1996 and 2018 versions in detail, illuminating issues encountered when translating a musical for another culture.
Vector bundles and finite covers
Authors: Deopurkar Anand , Patel Anand
Published: June 2022

Motivated by the problem of finding algebraic constructions of finite coverings in commutative algebra, the Steinitz realization problem in number theory and the study of Hurwitz spaces in algebraic geometry, we investigate the vector bundles underlying the structure sheaf of a finite flat branched covering. We prove that, up to a twist, every vector bundle on a smooth projective curve arises from the direct image of the structure sheaf of a smooth, connected branched cover.
National Clinical Programme for Eating Disorders: a pragmatic review of a new national eating disorder service in Ireland
Authors: Driscoll David J. O. , Fagan Jennifer , Jennings Rhona , Clifford Michelle , Maher Caroline , Corbett Marie , Wade Sarah , McDevitt Sara
Published: June 2022

Objective:

The Health Service Executive National Clinical Programme for Eating Disorders (NCPED) launched a Model of Care for Eating Disorder Services in Ireland in 2018. Currently, one adult and two child and adolescent eating disorder services are operational out of a total of sixteen recommended. The three objectives of this paper are to describe the early (1) referral pattern, (2) level of service activity and (3) the level of service user satisfaction.

Method:

Monthly submitted service activity data from each service to the NCPED between March 2018 and October 2020 were retrospectively analysed. One hundred and fifty-nine carers and service users completed an experience of service questionnaire (ESQ). A descriptive analysis of referral pattern, level of service activity and ESQ was performed. A thematic analysis was performed on three qualitative questions on the ESQ.

Results:

There was substantial referral numbers to eating disorder services by 18 months (n = 258). The main referral source was community mental health teams. The majority (n = 222, 86%) of referrals were offered an assessment. The most common age profile was 10–17 years of age (n = 120, 54.1%), and anorexia nervosa was the most common disorder (n = 96, 43.2%). ESQ results demonstrate that most service users were satisfied with their service, and the main themes were carer involvement, staff expertise, therapeutic alliance and service access.

Conclusions:

This preliminary service activity and service user satisfaction data highlight several issues, including trends when setting up a regional eating disorder service, potential pitfalls of pragmatic data collection and the need for adequate information-technology infrastructure.
Local stability analysis of homogeneous and stratified Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices
Authors: Aravind H.M. , Dubos Thomas , Mathur Manikandan
Published: June 2022

We perform a three-dimensional short-wavelength linear stability analysis of numerically simulated two-dimensional Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices in homogeneous and stratified environments at a fixed Reynolds number of

$Re = 300$

. For the homogeneous case, the elliptic instability at the vortex core dominates at early times, before being taken over by the hyperbolic instability at the vortex edge. For the stratified case of Richardson number

$ Ri = 0.08$

, the early-time instabilities comprise a dominant elliptic instability at the core and a hyperbolic instability influenced strongly by stratification at the vortex edge. At intermediate times, the local approach shows a new branch of (convective) instability that emerges at the vortex core and subsequently moves towards the vortex edge. A few more convective instability bands appear at the vortex core and move away, before coalescing to form the most unstable region inside the vortex periphery at large times. In addition, the stagnation point instability is also recovered outside the periphery of the vortex at intermediate times. The dominant instability characteristics from the local approach are shown to be in good qualitative agreement with the results based on global instability studies for both homogeneous and stratified cases. A systematic study of the dependence of the dominant instability characteristics on

$ Ri $

is then presented. While

$ Ri = 0.1$

is identified as most unstable (with convective instability being dominant), another growth rate maximum at

$ Ri = 0.025$

is not far behind (with the hyperbolic instability influenced by stratification being dominant). Finally, the local stability approach is shown to predict the potential orientation of the flow structures that would result from hyperbolic and convective instabilities, which is found to be consistent with three-dimensional numerical simulations reported previously.
Persistent mass loss of Triangular Glacier, James Ross Island, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Engel Zbyněk , Láska Kamil , Kavan Jan , Smolíková Jana
Published: June 2022

The retreat rates of Triangular Glacier since 1979 and its mass changes during the period 2014/15–2019/20 indicate the sensitive response of small ice masses on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula to air temperature evolution. This cirque glacier in the northern part of James Ross Island receded rapidly during the period of regional warming in the late 20th century, losing 30.8% of its surface area between 1979 and 2006 (−1.7% a−1). The retreat rate then dropped to −0.3% a−1following the regional cooling trend, but started to accelerate again (−0.8 to −2.3% a−1) with increasing air temperature since the summer 2014/15. Since the glaciological year 2015/16, Triangular Glacier has experienced enhanced snow melt, wind scour and permanent mass loss with annual mass balance ranging from −0.08 ± 0.35 to −0.56 ± 0.25 m w.e. The largest mass loss was observed in the glaciological year 2019/20, which included the warmest summer of the observation period. The cumulative mass balance of −1.66 ± 0.83 m w.e. over the years 2014/15–2019/20 is consistent with the termination of the positive mass-balance period that occurred in the north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula from 2009/10 to 2014/15.
Boundary layer of Hsieh's equation with conservative nonlinearity
Authors: Gao Junpei , Mou Qiaoshi , Ruan Lizhi , Zhu Dinghao
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we consider an initial-boundary value problem of Hsieh's equation with conservative nonlinearity. The global unique solvability in the framework of Sobolev is established. In particular, one of our main motivations is to investigate the boundary layer (BL) effect and the convergence rates as the diffusion parameter $\beta$ goes zero. It is shown that the BL-thickness is of the order $O(\beta ^{\gamma })$ with $0<\gamma <\frac {1}{2}$. We need to point out that, different from the previous work on nonconservative form of Hsieh's equations, the conservative nonlinearity $(\psi ^{\beta }\theta ^{\beta })_x$ implies that new nonlinear term $\psi _x^{\beta }\theta ^{\beta }$ needs to be handled. It is important that more regularities on the solution to the limit problem are required to obtain the convergence rates and BL-thickness. It is more difficult for initial-boundary problem due to the lack of boundary conditions (especially, higher-order derivatives) prevents us from applying the integration by part to derive the energy estimates directly. Thus it is more complicated than the case of nonconservative form. Consequently more subtle mathematical analysis needs to be introduced to overcome the difficulties.
A SHARP UPPER BOUND FOR THE SUM OF RECIPROCALS OF LEAST COMMON MULTIPLES II
Authors: HONG SIAO , HUANG MEILING , LI YUANLIN
Published: June 2022

Let n and k be positive integers with
$n\ge k+1$
and let
$\{a_i\}_{i=1}^n$
be a strictly increasing sequence of positive integers. Let
$S_{n, k}:=\sum _{i=1}^{n-k} {1}/{\mathrm {lcm}(a_{i},a_{i+k})}$
. In 1978, Borwein [‘A sum of reciprocals of least common multiples’, Canad. Math. Bull.20 (1978), 117–118] confirmed a conjecture of Erdős by showing that
$S_{n,1}\le 1-{1}/{2^{n-1}}$
. Hong [‘A sharp upper bound for the sum of reciprocals of least common multiples’, Acta Math. Hungar.160 (2020), 360–375] improved Borwein’s upper bound to
$S_{n,1}\le {a_{1}}^{-1}(1-{1}/{2^{n-1}})$
and derived optimal upper bounds for
$S_{n,2}$
and
$S_{n,3}$
. In this paper, we present a sharp upper bound for
$S_{n,4}$
and characterise the sequences
$\{a_i\}_{i=1}^n$
for which the upper bound is attained.
The Critique of Historical Reason and the Challenge of Historicism
Authors: Marcotte-Chenard Sophie
Published: June 2022

This article examines Wilhelm Dilthey's project of a critique of historical reason and the reproach of historicism addressed by Heinrich Rickert. Through a comparative analysis of their respective attempts to establish a philosophical grounding for the human sciences, this article demonstrates that Dilthey and Rickert, despite their disagreement, converge toward a productive reinterpretation of the crisis of historicism and pave the way for a reconfiguration of the relationship between philosophy and history. The article focuses on three aspects of the historicist view: the importance of the particular, the historically situated character of the knowing subject, and the primacy of historical consciousness.
De la parenté d'auteur(s) à la ‘mémoire générationnelle’ (P. Nora): l’œuvre de Luc et les lettres pastorales en relation
Authors: Butticaz Simon
Published: June 2022

On the basis of Pierre Nora's theory of generations, this article re-examines the relationship between Luke's work and the so-called ‘Pastoral Letters’. From this perspective, informed by the sociology of memory, the article analyses the affinities between these two traditions not as the traces of a community of author(s), but rather as the expressions of a memorial consciousness under construction: that of a foundational past identified with the generation of the apostles.
Risk of retinal disease in patients with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Wang Joyce E.-H. , Tsai Shih-Jen , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Wang Tso-Jen , Chen Mu-Hong
Published: June 2022

Background

Ocular abnormalities and visual dysfunction have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our study assessed the risks of developing retinal diseases in individuals with ASD.

Methods

In all, 18 874 patients with ASD and 188 740 controls were selected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2001 and 2009. The control group was matched based on demographic characteristics and medical and ophthalmological comorbidities. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated with Cox-regression analyses adjusted for selected confounders.

Results

Individuals with ASD had a higher incidence of developing retinal diseases (1.48‰ vs 0.73‰,P < .001), and the diagnosis of retinal diseases occurred earlier than the controls (3.73 vs 6.28 years,P < .001). When compared to the control group, the HR of developing retinal diseases in the ASD group was 1.75 (95%: 1.04-2.94) and 7.84 (95%: 3.51-17.47) for retinal detachment. There was no association between the cumulative daily dose of atypical antipsychotics and the incidence of retinal diseases in the ASD group.

Conclusion

Individuals with ASD have a higher risk of developing retinal detachment and are diagnosed with retinal diseases earlier than controls. Future research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms mediating the progression of retinal diseases in the ASD population.
Understanding healthcare providers’ experiences with video recording of patient consultations
Authors: Pedersen Charlotte Gjørup , Høstrup Lea Høj , Gadager Birgitte Bitsch , Nielsen Claus Vinther , Maribo Thomas , Madsen Louise Sofia
Published: June 2022

Aim:

To understand healthcare providers’ experiences with video recording of patient consultations.

Background:

Video recordings have been recognised to be an effective method to evaluate in situ interactions in clinical practice. The video recordings are often conducted by researchers, but active involvement of healthcare providers into the process of recording is evolving. Still, little is known of how video recordings by healthcare providers may influence daily clinical practice and potentials for direct use to guide practice development.

Methods:

A qualitative design was used, conducting two focus group interviews including 12 healthcare providers representing eight different healthcare services who provide municipal cardiac rehabilitation. Interpretive description was used as the methodological framework, and symbolic interactionism served as the theoretical lens.

Findings:

Three themes were identified reflecting healthcare providers’ experiences with video recording of patient consultations: ‘Concerns of compromising primary work tasks’, ‘Exposing professional and personal skills’ and ‘A new learning dimension’. Overall, the three themes represent the process of video recording own practices attached to patient consultations and the personal investment attached to the video data. Also, how the recordings may provide new insights for practice development in terms of individual and team-based performance in patient consultations.

Conclusion:

Video recordings by healthcaref providers may be a useful source to provide information and learning about patient consultation practice to use in research and supervision, keeping in mind their challenges of implementation into daily clinical practice.
Love and the Winter: C.S. Lewis, Nigel Biggar, and Marc LiVecche on Enemy Love
Authors: Lepojärvi Jason
Published: June 2022

In this paper, I tackle a difficult question about “enemy love,” with C.S. Lewis as a primary guide. In the Christian political tradition, can the command to “love thy enemy” be reconciled with the military task of killing one's opponent in war? After defining love, enemy, and enemy love, I move on to violence, particularly lethal violence. I disagree with perceptive contemporary Christian political ethicists Nigel Biggar and Marc LiVecche insofar as they argue that the killing of one's enemy can be “an expression of love”towards them. Such language obscures its moral ambiguity and is strictly speaking false. One may perhaps love one's enemy despite killing them, not by killing them. Lewis's conceptual distinction between “absolute” and “relative” love helps to untangle the knotty nature and limits of enemy love.
A dual-band filtenna with improved gain using AMC for 5G sub-6 GHz applications
Authors: Suryarajitha I. , Ruchi  , Panigrahi R. K. , Kartikeyan M. V.
Published: June 2022

A gain enhanced dual-band filtenna operating at frequency bands of 3.5 and 5.3 GHz for 5G sub-6 GHz applications is presented in this article. A dual-band antenna is integrated with a filter to improve selectivity. The antenna uses printed monopoles as the radiating element, and the filtering response is achieved using a modified feedline. The designed filtenna is 50 × 38 × 1.63 mm3 in size with a maximum gain of 2.5 dBi. The novel filtenna design is equipped with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) for the first time to enhance the performance. A unit cell for the AMC is designed that offers zero phase shift in the desired frequencies. A four by four AMC array is designed using this unit cell, which is used as a reflective surface to improve the radiation characteristics of the filtenna. The gain of the filtenna is improved three times up to 7.5 dBi in both bands. The proposed design's overall planar dimensions are 80 × 80 mm2. Using AMC, the gain has improved with a very minute or no change in the other characteristics. The measured results are congruent with the simulated ones, illustrating that the filtenna has good impedance matching and excellent gain in both bands.
Prevalence of pica and rumination behaviours in adults and associations with eating disorder and general psychopathology: findings form a population-based study
Authors: Hartmann A. S. , Zenger M. , Glaesmer H. , Strauß B. , Brähler E. , de Zwaan M. , Hilbert A.
Published: June 2022

Aims

Pica and rumination disorder are known as feeding disorder diagnoses in childhood, but little is known about their occurrence in adulthood. This study aimed to assess prevalence rates of one-time and recurrent pica and rumination behaviours (PB and RB) in adults, including sociodemographic subgroups, and to examine associations with other eating disorder and general psychopathology.

Methods

The representative population sample (N = 2403) completed measures on PB and RB, symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), body image and symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Results

Any PB and RB were reported in 5.33 and 5.49%, respectively, while recurrent PB or RB occurred in 1.08 and 0.71%, respectively. Co-occurrence was high, with 35.29% of recurrent PB in RB, and 23.08% vice versa. Prevalence rates of recurrent PB or RB did not differ by gender, weight status, educational or migration history from those without recurrent behaviours. Adults with v. without recurrent PB and RB showed more symptoms of ARFID, general eating disorders depression and anxiety, and behavioural symptoms of eating disorders (with the exception of compensatory behaviours in recurrent PB), and less positive body image. However, there were no differences regarding age and body mass index.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the clinical significance of PB and RB in adults regarding both prevalence and associations with other psychopathological symptoms. In particular, associations with body image need to be investigated further, as in contrast to other eating disorders, body image disturbance is not yet represented in the diagnostic criteria for pica and rumination disorder. In sum, the findings highlight the need for clinical attention for these disorders and related behaviours in adults.
Merry Christmas and a “Healthy” New Year
Authors: Waterschoot Joachim , Morbée Sofie , Van den Bergh Omer , Vansteenkiste Maarten
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Background: In November 2020, many European governments imposed severe limitations on social contacts and festive gatherings to avoid a further outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims: At the moment when it was still unclear whether Christmas gatherings would be allowed, the present vignette study was conducted to evaluate four hypothetical scenarios varying in restrictiveness (i.e., 1, 2, 4, or an unlimited number of visitors). Method: In total, 5,756 Belgian participants (65.7% female; Mage = 45.6, range: 18–89) evaluated each scenario in terms of the perceived strictness, probability of adherence, and expected psychological advantages (i.e., autonomy, relatedness, pleasure) and disadvantages (i.e., concerns). Results: Evidence for a curvilinear pattern was found, such that the expected psychological benefits increased with an increasing number of allowed visitors till 4, with this effect being reversed in case of an unlimited gathering. Yet, these main effects were qualified: Older adults, those living together, and those scoring high on risk perception and autonomous motivation to adhere to the corona measures expected the more restrictive scenarios to be equally beneficial compared to the more relaxed scenarios. Limitations: Limitations are self-selection of the sample, no counterbalancing of the scenario’s and the vignette-based methodology. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that people’s risk perception and autonomous motivation are key to secure and stimulate the acceptance of life-restricting measures.
Modeling Gravity‐Driven Unstable Flow in Subcritical Water‐Repellent Soils With a Time‐Dependent Contact Angle
Authors: Wang Zhongfu , Wallach Rony
Published: June 2022

Unstable flow in homogeneous dry soils, including saturation overshoot, is associated with a nonzero soil‐water contact angle (CA); 1D and 2D models for such flow, based on the moving‐boundary concept, were recently developed, solved, and verified for a constant high CA. However, in many natural soils rendered water‐repellent by natural organic matter, the CA decreases with time to a value that enables water infiltration. Thus, a mathematical model that includes the effect of time‐dependent CA on water‐content distribution and flow in the soil profile is developed in this study. This model, which also uses the moving‐boundary approach, simulates the effect of time‐dependent CA on unstable infiltration patterns. Comparison with a constant CA sheds light on the time‐dependent CA's influence on the aforementioned parameters. The 1D simulations indicate that a higher rate of CA decrease induces a higher wetting‐front velocity and shorter saturation‐overshoot length than a constant CA. However, due to flux imbalance at the wetting front for specific decreasing CA rates, the wetting‐front velocity first increases, and then decreases to an equilibrium value. The 2D simulations show that a time‐dependent CA significantly reduces water‐content accumulation at the finger tip. Moreover, a faster rate of decreasing CA results in a broader and longer plume shape, the latter being more pronounced. Effects of incoming flux at the soil surface and initial time‐dependent CA are also detailed for 1D and 2D flow. This theoretical study demonstrates that a time‐dependent CA significantly influences the formation of saturation overshoot and further impacts unstable flow generation.
Ionospheric Density Oscillations Associated With Recurrent Prompt Penetration Electric Fields During the Space Weather Event of 4 November 2021 Over the East‐Asian Sector
Authors: Singh Ram , Lee Y. S. , Song S. M. , Kim Y. H. , Yun J. Y. , Sripathi S. , Rajesh B.
Published: June 2022

We found the signatures of the multiple prompt penetration electric fields and the disturbance dynamo electric field having impacts on the East Asian sector ionosphere along the meridional chain thoroughly from the equator, low‐mid to high latitudes during the space weather event of 3–5 November 2021. The observation is made on global positioning system‐total electron content (GPS‐TEC), digisonde, and magnetometer stations. In the main phase of the storm, intense modulations of vertical total electron content (VTEC) and critical frequency (foF2) are observed as coherently fluctuating with interplanetary electric field (IEF) and IMF Bz reorientations. It is diagnosed that the oscillations in the disturbance polar current 2 (DP2) current system directly penetrate meridianally from high to equatorial latitudes, leading to the significant changes in ionospheric electrodynamics that governs the density fluctuations. The wavelet spectra of VTEC, foF2, h’F (virtual height), H‐components and IEF give a result of common and dominant periodicity occurring at ∼1 hr. This result suggests that the wavelike oscillations of VTEC and foF2 and H component are associated with prompt penetration electric fields.