bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resocialization and Reintegration of Convicted Individuals: Possibilities and Challenges
Authors: Macanović Nebojša
Published: January 2025

The goal of every imposed prison sentence is resocialization of a convicted individual, but its
effectiveness is often questionable and opens numerous dilemmas regarding which factors and
reasons disrupt its success. Regardless of its success, convicted individuals will be reintegrated
into the social environment, which in the case of unsuccessful resocialization during the serving
of the prison sentence creates a high level of risk of recidivism after the release. Resocialization
is possible regardless of the category of convicted individuals, but in order for it to be
successful, all stakeholders participating in this process must give their maximum contribution
in order to change the criminogenic structure of a prisoner's personality and get him to accept
the system of proper values. In the phase of reintegration of a convicted person into the social
environment, post-penal treatment is important, as a form of support and continuation of
efficient work within the institutional re-education programme. Only such well-rounded
process can be fully effective and lead to the final resocialization that we strive for from the
moment the convicted individual starts serving the prison sentence. In this paper, we deal with
the dilemma of whether resocialization, as well as re-education treatment in prisons, is possible
and effective, and which factors may influence effective reintegration of convicts after their
prison sentences have been served. This paper reviews the possibilities of what can affect the
(in)efficiency of resocialization and how to overcome these problems during and after serving
a prison sentence.
Introducing Pre-Sentence Reports in the Serbian Criminal Justice System: Comparative Experiences and Potential Benefits
Authors: Tešović Olga
Published: January 2025

The Serbian criminal justice system currently lacks pre-sentence reports, a tool widely adopted
in jurisdictions like the UK, USA, and several EU countries to inform sentencing decisions and
promote offender rehabilitation. This absence hinders the ability to deliver individualized and
appropriate sentencing, while limiting the assessment of offenders’ risks and reintegration
needs. This paper explores the concept of pre-sentence reports, drawing on international
comparative experiences to evaluate their potential benefits for Serbia. By examining
established practices in other countries, this study highlights how pre-sentence reports could
improve sentencing outcomes, enhance rehabilitation efforts, and reduce the system’s heavy
reliance on custodial sentences. Additionally, it outlines the reforms needed to align Serbia’s
legal framework with modern restorative justice principles, offering insights into how the
introduction of pre-sentence reports could contribute to a more effective and humane justice
system.
Rethinking Efforts in Breaking the School-to-Prison Pipeline: What Schools Can Do
Authors: Kovačević Lepojević Marina
Published: January 2025

The term "school-to-prison pipeline" describes a trend where students, especially those from
marginalized communities, are funneled out of educational institutions into the criminal justice
system. This phenomenon is frequently considered in relation to school zero-tolerance
disciplinary practices, increased police presence in schools, and high rates of school
suspensions. Unfortunately, besides ineffectiveness in misconduct reduction, these policies
disproportionately impact vulnerable children, adolescents, and their families. The aim of this
paper is to systematize research data on mechanisms beyond the cutting "school to prison
pipeline“ at school level. Eligible studies meet the following criteria: assessed school-based
disciplinary practices (designed or related to lower misbehaviors or delinquency); focused on
school-aged children up to 18 years old; published in English; dated between the years 2015–
2025 and are directly accessible. Research data suggest that there is a scarcity of studies
examining the effectiveness of disciplinary practices that are alternatives to punitive
approaches. Restorative school-based practices have been found to be effective in decreasing
in-school delinquency among reactive practices. Positive behavioral support and socialemotional learning as proactive practices, are recommended as effective strategies for
preventing the school-to-prison pipeline and reducing inequality.
On the Relationship Between Organized Crime and the Brazilian Prison System
Authors: Agapito Leonardo Simões , Miranda Matheus de Alencar e , Redies Rodolfo Kruczewski , Januário Túlio Felippe Xavier
Published: January 2025

The aim of the present paper is to analyze how criminal organizations influence the daily life
of Brazilian prisons and how ineffective the solution presented by the government is in terms
of trying to control the conflicts and rebellions in which they are routinely involved. To this
end, we will study the emergence of the main criminal organizations in Brazil, namely the
“Comando Vermelho” and the “Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC)”, in order to determine
what factors influenced their founders to converge their interests and form these groups, which
are currently no longer limited to the intra-prison space, but rather control entire slums in large
Brazilian cities, controlling not only drug trafficking, but also the daily lives of their inhabitants.
Subsequently, based on the theoretical framework of penal abolitionism, we will demonstrate
that the solutions presented by the government are incapable of controlling the emergence and
action of criminal organizations.
Family Functionality Under Conditions of Incarceration: A Systemic Perspective
Authors: Maljković Marija , Dovijanić Sofija
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Family member leaving to serve a prison sentence is a significant stressor that requires a forced reorganisation of family roles and responsibilities. Incarceration greatly affects the family functioning and dynamics, given that the convicted family members are someone's parents, spouses or children. This change can lead to dysfunctionality, because the remaining members face not only organisational, but also emotional, social and economic difficulties. Objective: The objective of this paper is to show and summarize the results of research dealing with the impact of incarceration on the family functionality, with special emphasis on the system perspective. Methods: When reviewing the available literature in accordance with the selected keywords, the service of the Consortium of Serbian Libraries for Unified Acquisition was used, as well as the Google Scholar and Research Gate search engines. Results: Children of parents deprived of freedom are a vulnerable category. Research shows that there is an increased likelihood that a number of symptoms and dysfunctions will appear, such as: behavioural problems and hyperactivity, use of psychoactive substances, deteriorating school performance, internalized problems, greater disobedience, difficulties in establishing and maintaining relationships with peers, but also housing instability, poverty and physical diseases. Also, it is established that incarceration leads to significant changes in partner relationships, and that it is associated with an increased likelihood of divorce, depression and worsening satisfaction with life of the partner who remains within the family. Families have more frequent difficulties in organising family life, as well as diminished socioeconomic stability. Conclusion: Taking into account the complexity of the impact of the incarceration process on both the individual and the family as a whole, it may be concluded that families which experience incarceration face numerous emotional, relational, social and organisational problems and challenges. That is why, in penal rehabilitation, special attention must be paid to the maintenance, preservation and improvement of family functioning, so that the effects of institutional resocialization are not only maintained, but also generalized after leaving the institution.
Inter-Prisoner Violence and the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights: Protection of Vulnerable Groups of Prisoners
Authors: Kovačević Milica
Published: January 2025

Introduction: In the course of last several decades, the protection of prisoners from abuse has been significantly improved by adoption of relevant international documents and the activities of independent monitoring mechanisms. However, the focus is on abuse by state authorities, while there has been no adequate attention dedicated to violence among prisoners. Subject: The author reviews the practice of the European Court of Human Rights in the context of violence among prisoners and the protection of human rights. Method: Normative-logical method and content analysis were applied. Aim: The aim of the paper is to highlight recommendations that would be applicable in Serbia. Results: The key principles on which the court's decision-making is based in cases related to the violation of the prohibition of torture referred to in Art. 3. of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, such as the absolute prohibition of all types of abuse. Conclusion: States are obliged to undertake abuse-prevention measures i.e., to thoroughly investigate and sanction the behaviour of those responsible. Evidence gathering is not the responsibility of the prisoner, but of the state authorities. Both employees and prisoners, but also the general public need to be educated about abuse in prisons.
Heat transfer by evaporation determines the effect of nasal phenazepam on thermal stress in rats
Authors: Ivnitsky Ju. Ju. , Vakunenkova O. A. , Krasnov K. A. , Gaft S. S. , Lapina N. V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Thermal stress is an increase in body temperature due to the predominance of heat received from outside or released during metabolism over heat losses by the body. Heat production can be regulated using benzodiazepines in doses unattainable with a single intramuscular injection of their officinal preparations. In this study, this limitation is overcome using a prototype of the Phenazepam nasal spray (PNS) preparation, containing 170 mg of phenazepam in 1 mL of a non-aqueous solution.

Objective. Experimental assessment of the PNS effect on the metabolic rate and thermal balance in thermal stress.

Materials and methods. The effect of a single 10 μL PNS intranasal instillation on the external respiration intensity, oxygen consumption, as well as 10 μL PNS intranasal instillations at 0.5 h intervals on the dynamics of rectal temperature, body weight, and lethality in rats at an air temperature of 40 °C was studied.

Results. PNS instillations reduced oxygen consumption by an amount sufficient to decrease body temperature by 0.3 °C in 0.5 h. PNS administration declined the rate of body temperature rise when placing rats in restrainers at an air temperature of 40 °C; however, PNS administration accelerated body temperature rise and increased lethality when placing rats in cages. Due to PNS, moisture loss by rats in cages decreased, judged by the dynamics of body weight.

Conclusions. The study confirmed the prospects of PNS as a pharmacotherapy for heat stroke at a high relative humidity, exposure to insulating skin protectors, or with immersion hyperthermia. The possibility of the aggravating effect of PNS on human thermal stress in the absence of physical obstacles to heat transfer by evaporation requires additional verification.
Implementation of Transformative Learning to Improve Primary School Students’ Literacy and Numeration Skills in 8th Teaching Campus Program
Authors:   STKIP PGRI Bangkalan, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 52 Bangkalan, Indonesia, Sari Dwi Ivayana , Pambudi Didik Sugeng ,   Universitas Negeri Jember, Jl. Kalimantan Tegalboto No. 37, Jember, Indonesia, Parrohah Parrohah ,   STKIP PGRI Bangkalan, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 52 Bangkalan, Indonesia
Published: January 2025

The literacy and numeracy program was the main program in implementation of 8th teaching campus at Alas Kembang 2 Bangkalan State Elementary School, East Java, Indonesia. Based on results of initial observations and pretests of the minimum competency assessment, the literacy and numeracy abilities of 5th students at the Alas Kembang 2 Bangkalan State Elementary School were low. This was because the learning process was not supported by student experience. Transformative learning through experience (experiential learning) was one solution to improve literacy and numeracy skills. This was because students will have different backgrounds, learning styles, motivations and needs and students will be motivated to learn if what they learn can be applied immediately. The aim of this research was to describe the improvement in literacy and numeracy skills of 5th students through implementation of transformative learning at the Alas Kembang 2 Bangkalan State Elementary School. Data analysis was carried out using percentages. If the posttest results of the Minimum Competency Assessment were greater than the posttest results of the Minimum Competency Assessment, then the student’s literacy and numeracy skills were increase. The results of this research show that transformative learning through experience (experiential learning) can improve the literacy and numeracy skills of 5th students at the Alas Kembang 2 Bangkalan State Elementary School. This learning can be used as input for teachers in developing elementary school students’ literacy and numeracy skills.
Antioxidant Activity of Lotion Etanol Extract of Akway Bark (Drymis Piperita Hook F.) By Abts Methods
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura, Indonesia, Pratiwi Rani Dewi , Gunawan Elsye ,   Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura, Indonesia, Rumbekwan Indayari Meygrit ,   Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura, Indonesia
Published: January 2025

Akway contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, quinones, and terpenoids. Akway bark has high antioxidants; antioxidant testing with the DPPH method on away bark gives an IC50 value of 9.68. The purpose of this research is to test the antioxidant activity of akway bark extract lotion preparation with the ABTS method. The study was conducted with the extraction stage using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent, then making lotion preparations with three lotion preparation formulations with different concentrations of akway bark extract (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5%). The test results showed that Formula I, II, and III had IC50 values of 71.41 ppm, 45.07 ppm, and 16.50 ppm, respectively, while the TEAC values were 0.143, 0.166, and 0.194 mM, respectively. This study concludes that Formula I, II, and III lotion preparations show the ability to counteract 50% of ABTS free radicals and show the highest antioxidant capacity in Formula III.
Mutual Fund Introduction and Training on Investment Decision, Integration between Technology Advancement and Psychological Management for Investors
Authors:   Economic and Business Faculty, Dr. Soetomo University, Surabaya 60118, Indonesia, Ady Sri Utami , Sayidah Nur ,   Economic and Business Faculty, Dr. Soetomo University, Surabaya 60118, Indonesia, Tyas Alvy Mulyaning ,   Economic and Business Faculty, Dr. Soetomo University, Surabaya 60118, Indonesia, Sholikhah Mar’atus ,   Economic and Business Faculty, Dr. Soetomo University, Surabaya 60118, Indonesia, Kusniati Fauziyah ,   Economic and Business Faculty, Dr. Soetomo University, Surabaya 60118, Indonesia, Nurkholifa Chindy Ayu ,   Economic and Business Faculty, Dr. Soetomo University, Surabaya 60118, Indonesia
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of training and the introduction of mutual funds in a limited environment, namely for students, novice investors, and the community. The novelty of this study was the first quantitative research that combines the phenomenon of psychological aspects of investors and mutual fund training to produce a training model that effective in increasing mutual fund purchasing decisions. The first stage was to observe participants without attending training to see their interest in mutual funds. Stage 2 examines observing participants with training to determine their decisions. With the addition of qualitative methods, the third step was to develop the model produced in stages 1 and 2 as an effective model of mutual fund training and introduction, as well as the integration between technology advancement and psychology management for investors. The method used was quantitative with Chi-Square analysis by combining psychological aspects of investor behavior. The implication of this study for Partners are policy references for more attractive mutual fund introduction training models to increase investor decisions to buy mutual funds, and for investors are getting the proper education about mutual fund financial products and comparing them with stocks.
The Benefit of Melinjo Peel (Gnetum Gnemon) Ethanol Extract to Prevent Hepatocytes from Damage in Hyperuricemia Rat Model - Induced High Fructose
Authors:   Biomedical of Sciences, Postgraduate School, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia, Mentari Cindy , Machrina Yetty ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Hyperuricemia can induce a dysfunctional exchange of sodium and calcium in mitochondria which will lead to the production of reactive
oxygen species (ROS). ROS plays a role in aging, DNA damage, oxidation, production of inflammatory cytokines, and cell apoptosis. Uric acid metabolism
is catalyzed by xanthine oxidase (XO) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2
O2
) which can form scar tissue in the liver. Alt1 and Hgf expression plays a role
in reflecting hepatic cell from damage and repair.
Method: It was a true experimental study with post-test only control group design using stored biological material of 32 samples, divided into four groups,
K0: the control group without treatment; P1: intervention group of 86% fructose and 0.5% CMC; P2: intervention group of 86% fructose and allopurinol;
P3: intervention group of 86% fructose and ethanol extract of melinjo peel. Alt1 and Hgf expression determination using real-time PCR (rt-PCR) with
Livask method 2–ΔCt.
Result: Alt1 expression in hyperuricemia model rats after 10 days of treatment with ethanol extract of melinjo peel was lower than the control group
(p=0.001), CMC (p=0.001), and allopurinol (p=0.059). Hgf expression tends to have the same cycling threshold in all groups (p=0.065). There was no
correlation between Alt1 expression and Hgf after 10 days of treatment (r=-0.08; p=0.661).
Conclusion: The ethanol extract of melinjo peel has the potential to be a hepato-protector in the hyperuricemia model rat by reducing Alt1 expression
better than the other treatment groups.
Ayurvedic management of Alcohol Withdrawal: A Case Study
Authors: Acharjee Debaleena
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Hazardous alcohol use accounts for 5.1% of the global disease burden, with 7.1% in males and 2.2% in females. Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with liver diseases such as fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis, as well as other health issues like pancreatitis, gastrointestinal disorders, malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, and cancer. Withdrawal symptoms often accompany cessation. In Ayurvedic medicine, effective treatments for alcoholism and withdrawal symptoms (Madatyaya) are well-documented. Main clinical findings: In this case a 32 yrs old male patient presented with symptoms of insomnia, anxiety, nausea, restlessness, depression, headache and discomfort persisting for a duration of 15 days. The individual had developed a chronic dependency on alcohol over a span of 8 years, but ceased its usage 2 months ago as a result of concurrent health concerns. Currently, he is manifesting these symptoms as withdrawal symptoms. Diagnosis: Patient was diagnosed with Alcohol withdrawal syndrome.  Intervention: The patient had ayurvedic treatment including meditation, counselling, and the use of Kharjuradi mantha, Drakshasava, Sutashekhar rasa, Phalatrikadi kwath and Medhya yoga. Outcome: With improvement in the signs and symptoms of alcoholism, this therapy strategy aims to improve the patient's condition.
Phytochemical screening by HR-LCMS and In-vitro Antidiarrhoeal activity of Gardenia arborea Roxb.
Authors: Vikhe Sunayana , Khedkar Harshada , Vikhe Rahul Laxman
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and assess the in-vitro antidiarrhoeal activity of Gardenia arborea Roxb. leaves, specifically exploring the ethanolic extracts against common diarrhoea-causing pathogens, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Phytochemical profiling was conducted using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS), and the compounds were identified against the Metlin database. The antidiarrhoeal activity was evaluated through antibacterial assays, measuring zones of inhibition in millimetres, to determine the effectiveness of the extracts against the pathogens at various concentrations. Results: The HR-LCMS analysis identified several key compounds, including Isofraxidin, Arborinine, and Ustiloxin D, within the extracts. In vitro antidiarrhoeal tests demonstrated significant antibacterial activity. The ethanolic extract (GDET) at 500 µg/ml inhibited E. coli by 21.8±0.5 mm and S. aureus by 23.6±0.5 mm. The chloroform extract (GDCH) showed even greater efficacy, inhibiting E. coli by 24.2±0.6 mm and S. aureus by 25.7±0.7 mm, compared to the standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin, which inhibited E. coli by 25.8±0.3 mm and S. aureus by 26.4±0.6 mm at the same concentration. Conclusion: The findings confirm the potent antidiarrhoeal and antibacterial properties of Gardenia arborea Roxb., supporting its traditional use and potential development into a natural therapeutic agent for treating diarrhoea. The distinct phytochemical profile and the dose-dependent antibacterial activity emphasize the plant's utility in pharmacological applications.
Pharmaceutical standardisation and analytical validation of Herbal formulation capsule - UNEX
Authors: Deshpande Sarang , Wanjari Anita , Tavhare Swagata Dilip , Patle Abhishek
Published: January 2025

Standardisation and validation for herbal preparation using modern parameters of analytics are crucial in present era. Capsule Unex is one such formulation useful for renal diseases like urinary tract infections, renal stones, blood purifier etc. The study has been specifically performed on the latest scientific measures to ensure capsules quality standards and validate it analytically. Three batches of capsule Unex were manufactured and tested at Unijules Life Sciences Ltd. Nagpur (MS), India for organoleptic, physicochemical and physical characters, heavy metal, pesticide residue, microbial, fungal and mould limits, along with a chromatographic evaluation. All the parameters were checked against established analytical specifications and batch to batch variation was analysed. The capsule weighs of 500 mg with variation of defined limit ± 7.5 %, disintegration time (NMT 30 min), bulk density (0.71 to 0.81 g/ml), loss on drying (NMT 10 % w/w), pH (4 to 6), percentage total ash (NMT 16.3 %w/w), percentage acid insoluble ash (NMT 5.1 %w/w), percentage water soluble extractives (NLT 26.0 %w/w), percentage alcohol soluble extractives (NLT 11.6 %w/w). Fingerprinting assay revealed Rf values of Gokshura and Punarnava at 254 and 366 nm as described in API. Capsules were observed free from heavy metals like lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury; pesticide namely organochlorine, organo-phosphorous and pyrethroids, microbes like Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, Samnonella, Staphylococcus, Psedomonas aeruginosa, aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin B1+B2+G1+G2 free. Total microbial, yeast and mould count was within the prescribed limits indicating good manufacturing practices. This study reveals the manufacturing of capsule Unex does complies API standards of raw material and in-house standards of capsule Unex specifications and will serve as therapeutically safe and efficacious formulation.
Formulation, Development and In-vitro evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Polyherbal Transdermal Patch
Authors: Nighot Manasi , Dharkar Nilima , Patole Vinita
Published: January 2025

Background: Inflammation is a tissue response to any infection associated with pain, increased vascular permeability, protein denaturation & membrane alteration. Non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NASIDs) and SAIDs are commonly used medications for inflammation but have adverse side-effects. Dashmool, an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation shows significant anti-inflammatory properties with no severe side-effects. Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate a transdermal patch containing Dashmool extract, leveraging the benefits of transdermal drug delivery to manage inflammation and pain effectively. Methods: The aqueous extract of Dashmool was prepared and standardised. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using albumin denaturation inhibition. Various formulations of transdermal patches were created using cassava starch as a natural polymer and different ratios of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and plasticisers. Physicochemical properties, including thickness, folding endurance, moisture content, and surface pH, were evaluated. Results: The aqueous extract of Dashmool exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, with the highest inhibition of protein denaturation observed at 400 µg/ml. Among the formulations, F1 (cassava starch-based) showed the best overall performance with good adhesive properties, flexibility, and moisture content. The patches demonstrated uniform thickness, acceptable folding endurance, and low moisture content, indicating stability. Conclusion: The developed Dashmool transdermal patch, offers a promising alternative for pain management with better stability.
Unveiling the Therapeutic Potentials of Ghee: Insights from Ayurvedic Texts and Contemporary Research
Authors: Devaraji Mahalakshmi , Ravikumar Lokeshvar , S Yokesh , Kumar Sathish , B Jalaniy
Published: January 2025

Background: Recent research has brought attention to the bioactive properties of dairy fats, leading to a shift in the scientific community’s perspective. Ghee, a clarified butter integral to Indian culture and cuisine, has been extensively documented in Ayurveda for its therapeutic benefits. Objective: To examine the health benefits of ghee as described in Ayurvedic texts and modern scientific literature, identifying areas of alignment and divergence. Methods: Ayurvedic Review: Analysis of 11 classical texts spanning 3000+ years, identifying 4000 references to milk derivatives, including 774 mentions of ghee. Benefits were categorised into 15 clusters.  Modern Literature Review: Examination of studies published between 1990 and 2023, focusing on ghee’s therapeutic applications. Results: Ayurvedic Insights: Ghee is highlighted for cognitive enhancement, gastrointestinal health, and nourishment, with 2913 references to the benefits of milk derivatives. Modern Insights: Research primarily emphasises ghee’s role in wound healing, skin health, and cardiovascular benefits. Discussion: Ayurvedic and modern perspectives offer complementary insights. While modern science has explored ghee’s topical and cardiovascular applications, Ayurveda underscores its systemic benefits, including cognitive and digestive health. Conclusion: The integration of Ayurvedic knowledge and modern science could unlock ghee’s therapeutic potential, addressing chronic and age-related diseases. Future interdisciplinary research is crucial for validating traditional applications and discovering innovative treatments.
Evaluating the Impact of Little Millets on Glycaemic Control and Metabolic Health in Individuals with Diabetes: An Analytical Study
Authors: Kumari Priya , Kushwaha Renu , K Rama Chandra Reddy , Kumari Nishi
Published: January 2025

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that carries serious health hazards. Diabetics can attain sufficient glycemic control with the aid of weight loss, exercise, oral glucose-lowering medications, and a healthy diet. The numerous antioxidant components found in millets, such as phenolic flavonoids, are crucial for regulating the body's glucose levels. Antioxidant elements found in millet include phenolic flavonoids, which are crucial in preventing and treating lifestyle diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and gastrointestinal disorders. Using conventional analytical techniques, the chemical composition of the little millet grain was ascertained through observation and analysis. The analytical study reveals that the little millet is slightly yellow colour with a smooth texture and slightly bitter taste, the moisture content of Little millet is 11.24%, the mean time taken by the sample to dry up to the successive loss of <0.01 is 27.67min, the total ash value of Little Millet is 56.77%, the mean acid insoluble ash of Little millet is 27.89, the mean water-soluble ash of little millet is 41.22, Alcohol soluble extract of little millet is 0.45 %, Water soluble extract of little millet is found to be 9.938% and the pH of little millet is 6. FTIR study confirms the presence of compounds with functional groups such as Carboxylic acid, Alkenes, Aliphatic amine, Aromatics, and Alkyl halides.
Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Polyherbs and its Formulation for Antitussive Activity Using Citric Acid Induced in Guinea Pig
Authors: Sunil Kumar Pandey , LN Patidar
Published: January 2025

This review article focuses on the pharmacodynamic evaluation of polyherbal formulations for antitussive activity, utilising a citric acid-induced cough model in guinea pigs. The study explores various polyherbs traditionally used in cough treatment, aiming to validate their efficacy through scientific methods. By inducing coughing in guinea pigs with citric acid, the antitussive effects of different herbal combinations are assessed in comparison to standard cough suppressants. The review emphasizes the potential advantages of polyherbs, such as synergistic effects, reduced side effects, and natural origin, making them promising candidates for cough management. Furthermore, the article highlights the importance of evaluating dosage, formulation, and bioactive components to optimize therapeutic outcomes. This comprehensive review contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of polyherbal remedies in the treatment of cough-related disorders.
Concept of Kala: Ayurvedic & Modern Perspective
Authors: Fulara Sakshi , Devi Pal Ragini , Kumar Nishant , Lakshmi  , KN Singh
Published: January 2025

Ayurveda, much like an ocean, offers an endless horizon of topics that remain unresearched and full of potential. Rachana Sharir is one of the fundamental part of Ayurveda that deals with the different structures of human body like Asthi, Sandhi, Twacha, different Indriya and Kala etc. ‘Kala Sharir’ is one such important concept that requires a comprehensive understanding, despite the limited descriptions provided in our classical texts. Kala is a limiting membrane act as boundaries between the tissues (Dhatus)and their respective organs or cavities (Ashayas). Kala was first time described by Acharya Sushruta in the “Sushrut Samhita Sharir Sthana”. Comprehensive study of Kala Sharir will definitely aid important information in better understanding of human body anatomy as well as physiology. Through this Article, we are trying to explore, that how the concept of kala can be integrated with modern medical practices for a more holistic approach to diagnostic or treatment modalities. This will help to shed light on the topic and make it easier to understand its usefulness in Medical Science.
Finger Millet: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rai Ashish Kumar , Rajesh Saroj Adittya , K Ramachandra Reddy
Published: January 2025

This review aims to evaluate the nutritional and health benefits of Finger millet, as well as its production and utilization. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.), also known as ragi or mandua, is one of the key millets cultivated widely across various regions of India and Africa. It is a highly nutritious grain, rich in calcium, dietary fibre, iron, protein, antioxidants, and vitamins. Thanks to its nutrient density, it aids in managing diabetes, preventing osteoporosis, improving digestion, and supporting weight loss. Agriculturally, finger millet is a resilient crop, thriving in drought conditions with minimal input, contributing to sustainable farming practices. Its adaptability and low resource needs make it valuable for climate-resilient agriculture. Known for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, finger millet may also help in preventing cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The production of rice influences the consumption of millet in India. Millets offer exceptional nutraceutical properties and exhibit resilience to adverse climatic conditions, which can contribute to food and nutritional security in the modern era. This review synthesizes current research on the health-promoting properties of finger millet, including its potential to combat lifestyle diseases. Overall, this review highlights the multifaceted importance of finger millet as a nutritionally dense, environmentally sustainable, and health-promoting crop, advocating for its wider inclusion in both rural and urban diets as a response to contemporary food security and health challenges.
Exploring therapeutic potential of fasting (Upvasa)– A comprehensive review
Authors: Biswas Tushar , Singh Vineneta , Chowdhury Kanchan
Published: January 2025

Background: Fasting, an ancient practice observed in many cultures, holds potential therapeutic value beyond its traditional spiritual significance. It may be defined as complete voluntary self-restraint from taking any kind of food for specific time, in order to give rest to digestive system”. In Ayurvedic classics it may correlated with Upvasa which is one among the ten types of Langhana (lightness promoting therapy) and also included in Daivavyapashraya chikitsa (Therapeutic Rituals). Research suggests that Fasting (Upvasa) can positively affect various aspects of health, including weight management, metabolic health, cellular repair mechanisms, cognitive function, mood regulation, inflammation reduction, and immune system modulation. Objective: This review examines current research to elucidate the therapeutic potential of Fasting (Upvasa) for promoting health and facilitating healing processes. Material and Method: This review paper has been taken from different Ayurvedic manuscripts, Modern literatures and Various searching engines like PubMed, Web of Science Scopus, Google Scholar, SCI, Research gate and government portal like Ayush Portal, Namaste Portal etc. Discussion: Research suggests that fasting regimens, such as intermittent fasting or prolonged fasting, can lead to reductions in body weight, body fat percentage, and improvements in metabolic markers such as insulin sensitivity and cholesterol levels. It also enhances cognitive performance, memory, and focus, possibly through the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other neuroprotective pathways. By reducing inflammatory markers and promoting immune cell regeneration. Fasting stimulates autophagy, which promotes cell renewal and slows down the aging process. Conclusion: This paper discusses the physiology, historical views, and benefits of fasting on many health parameters. Integrating fasting into healthcare practices requires comprehensive understanding and guidance to ensure safe and effective implementation.
The Role of Botanical Names in the Sourcing and Distribution of Ayurveda Raw Drugs for Better Efficacy of Treatment
Authors: Meena Ram Phool , Kumawat Manisha
Published: January 2025

Ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine, relies heavily on medicinal plants for therapeutic efficacy. However, linguistic and regional diversity can lead to confusion in sourcing the right plant materials, compromising treatment effectiveness. This article emphasizes the crucial role of botanical names in accurate identification, quality control, and distribution of Ayurveda raw drugs. A qualitative review of classical texts, herbal pharmacopeias, and expert interviews reveals the challenges associated with traditional names, including ambiguity, regional variations, and adulteration. Standardized botanical nomenclature mitigates these risks, ensuring consistent identification across regions and supply chains. Case studies illustrate the consequences of misidentification, highlighting the importance of accurate botanical identification. Regulatory guidelines from WHO and Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India reinforce the necessity of botanical names for quality control. This study underscores the imperative of adopting botanical names in Ayurveda practice, education, and trade. By prioritizing accurate identification and standardized nomenclature, the Ayurveda industry can enhance treatment efficacy, safety, and quality. Integration of traditional knowledge with modern scientific methods and collaboration among stakeholders are essential for promoting confidence in this ancient system of medicine. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to standardize and legitimize Ayurveda, ensuring its continued relevance in modern healthcare.
Acute Appendicitis - A Review
Authors: Rao Anshika , KV Mini
Published: January 2025

The term appendicitis was first used by an epic publication by FITZ (Harvard Medical School) in 1886. FITZ outlined the clinical diagnosis and suggested early removal of the Appendix. Acute appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal emergencies worldwide. The cause remains poorly understood, with few advances in the past few decades. To obtain a confident preoperative diagnosis is still a challenge, since the possibility of appendicitis must be entertained in any patient presenting with an acute abdomen. Although biomarkers and imaging are valuable adjuncts to history and examination, their limitations mean that clinical assessment is still the mainstay of diagnosis. A clinical classification is used to stratify management based on simple (non-perforated) and complex (gangrenous or perforated) inflammation, although many patients remain with an equivocal diagnosis, which is one of the most challenging dilemmas. An observed divide in disease course suggests that some cases of simple appendicitis might be self-limiting or respond to antibiotics alone, whereas another type often seems to perforate before the patient reaches hospital. Although the mortality rate is low, postoperative complications are common in complex disease. We discuss existing knowledge in pathogenesis, modern diagnosis, and evolving strategies in management that are leading to stratified care for patients.
An Ayurvedic Approach to Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy: A single patient study
Authors: Haridas Aswin , Radhakrishnan Akhi
Published: January 2025

Benign prostatic hypertrophy is benign enlargement of adenomatous part of prostate gland. It is present in patient in the 5th or 6th decade of the lives due to changes in the hormonal patterns in adult males chronic cripples the day to day activities. This is a case report of a 55 year male patient who presented with increased frequency of urination since past 5 months. Considering the symptom complex the case was diagnosed as a case of Vata astheela. The a course of ayurvedic medication such as  Chandraprabha vati, Mustadi kalpa as internal medicine and lifestyle changes were advised for 4 months followed by a review after 7 months. The patient was also scored on measuring guidelines of which were seen to be promising.
Communication Strategy of the Ogan Ilir Regency Department of Transmigration and Manpower in Increasing Participation in the Job Skills Training Program in Ogan Ilir Regency
Authors: Pratama Reynaldo Satrio Fischa , Helmi Sulaiman , Gunarto Muji
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the communication strategies implemented by the Department of Transmigration and Manpower in Ogan Ilir Regency to increase public participation in skills training programs. Low participation rates present a significant challenge requiring effective and targeted communication approaches. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. Research participants include department staff, program participants, and the general public targeted by the program. The findings reveal that communication strategies utilized include printed media, digital platforms, and direct engagement through community leaders and community-based socialization. However, constraints such as budget limitations, technological infrastructure, and public awareness of program benefits hinder effectiveness. Effective strategies involve a combination of personal and digital approaches, such as leveraging social media to reach younger generations and actively involving local village officials in disseminating information. The study recommends enhancing internal staff training on public communication, optimizing the use of information technology, and strengthening collaborations with local stakeholders. With more targeted communication strategies, public participation in skills training programs is expected to improve, supporting efforts to reduce unemployment in Ogan Ilir Regency.
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN PENELITIAN DAN PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT DI POLITEKNIK NEGERI SAMBAS
Authors: Widji Theresia , Fathushahib  , Usman Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Menurut buku Panduan Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat di Perguruan Tinggi yang diterbitkan oleh Kemdikbudristek tahun 2021, penelitian dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) memiliki standar pengelolaan yang harus dipenuhi yang mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan No. 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan Tinggi, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengendalian, pemantauan dan evaluasi, serta pelaporan kegiatan penelitian dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Saat ini P3M Politeknik Negeri Sambas telah memiliki sistem informasi yang dapat membantu memenuhi standar pengelolaan namun belum optimal disebabkan belum adanya sistem pembobotan penilaian pada saat proposal, laporan 70 % dan laporan akhir yang belum diterapkan secara maksima, belum adanya kategori penelitian dan pkml sehingga perlu optimalisasi pada beberapa modul aktivitas pada sistem yang telah ada. Adanya pengembangan sistem informasi manajemen penelitian dan pkm berbasis multiplatform dengan dukungan dari webserver dan database yang mampu mengintegrasikan koleksi data serta mampu melayani modul kegiatan sekaligus. Framwarok laravel digunakan dalam membangun modul aplikasi untuk meningkatkan reusability. Sehingga hasil dari sistem informasi manajemenn peneltiian dan PKM dapat mengarsipkan dan mengkategorikan hasil peneltiian dalam berbagai kriteria peneltiian dan pkm .
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA MELALUI PENDAMPINGAN KELOMPOK SADAR WISATA (POKDARWIS) KETUNJUNG DESA SUMBER HARAPAN
Authors: Fathushahib Fathushahib , Usman Muhammad , Akbari Fiqih , Salahudin Salahudin
Published: January 2025

Pemanfaatan digital marketing pada era industri 4.0 dapat dijadikan alternatif strategi dalam pemasaran produk agar memudahkan pelaku usaha memantau dan menyediakan kebutuhan serta keinginan calon konsumen, Terutama pada situasi Covid-19 seperti saat ini, Sektor ekonomi  mengalami banyak gejolak. Semenjak peraturan pemerintah menerapkan aturan pembatasan aktifitas social diluar rumah dan dilarang untuk berkegiatan yang melakukan atau mengundang kerumunan warga. Akibatnya roda perputaran perkeonomian pun menjadi kacau, dan tidak sedikit pula yang sangat susah untuk menyesuaikan termasuk pengrajin Tenun Songket di Pokdarwis Ketunjung Desa Sumber Harapan Kabupaten Sambas.    Permasalahan di desa Sumber Harapan terkait wisata adalah belum adanya website wisata yang berkualitas, menarik, serta informatif, yang digunakan untuk mempromosikan potensi wisata desa tersebut. Pengembangan aspek unggulan desa membutuhkan sarana dan prasarana yang tepat guna sekaligus efektif untuk digunakan. Sebuah sarana teknologi seperti website desa wisata dapat membantu mengembangkan potensi pariwisata desa sekaligus dapat menjadi sarana promosi. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pelatihan pengembangan dan penggunaan website desa wisata sebagai media pengenalan potensi wisata oleh Pokdarwis Ketujnjung desa Sumber Harapan. Target luaran yang diharapkan adalah berkembangnya website desa sebagai sarana promosi pariwisata serta peningkatan pengetahuan keahlian kelompok sadar wisata (Pokdarwis) Ketunjung dalam pengelolaan website desa wisata.
An Assessment of the Impact of Floods and Drought on Fresh Water Resources in the Lower Catchment Region of River Tana, Kenya
Authors: Othoche Bertha
Published: January 2025

This study was carried out in the coastal lowlands of Kenya. The specifc area is administratively referred to as Tana River County or the lower catchment area of River Tana which is the main river in the region. The area suffers from both annual floods and drought. During the wet seasons there is excess water, floods are common and water flows freely, while during the dry season, there is scarcity of water. The quality of water is compromised both during the wet and dry seasons when there is plenty of water during the flood episodes and during the dry season as water scarcity bites. The general objective of this study was to assess water supply amidst the excess water and floods on one hand and prolonged drought in the lower coastal region of Kenya. Specific objectives include to: i) establish factors influencing occurrence of floods and drought in the study area; ii) establish spatio temporal dynamics of floods and drought; iii) assess the impacts of alternating episodes of drought and floods on water security in the study area; and; iv) establish existing and potential technologies and stakeholder initiatives in addressing the problems of excess water during floods and water scarcity during the dry season. The study used survey design and judgmental sampling to acquire data. A total of one hundred respondents were enlisted for the study.This consisted of Interviewees (n=60); FGDs (n=30) and Key Informants (KIs) (n=10). Tools for data collection included Questionnaire, Observation Guide, FGDs and Key Informant Guides. Both primary and secondary data and sources were used. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results indicate that the region’s water security is compromised both during the dry and wet seasons. The study recommends concerted efforts to address the challenges encountered in management of these extreme events.