bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterisation of tin bronze/steel composites by solid–liquid bonding with vibration
Authors: Dong Guangxu , Peng Bo , Sun Jia , Liu Shichao , Liu Qing , Sun Xiaoqi , Wang Xianlong , Ding Haimin , Jie Jinchuan , Li Tingju
Published: March 2023

In the present study, mechanical vibration was applied in the preparation of the tin bronze/steel bimetal composite by the solid–liquid bonding, and the effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that mechanical vibration refines the microstructure of tin bronze and accelerates the interdiffusion between the two components, resulting in the improvement of the bonding strength and Brinell hardness. With the vibration frequency of 30 Hz, the composite strength and hardness are significantly improved. The finite element method further shows that the exciting force and homogeneous temperature field caused by the vibration are the main reasons for the microstructure optimisation.

HIGHLIGHTS The tin bronze/1010 steel bimetallic layered composites with homogeneous microstructure are prepared by solid–liquid bonding under the mechanical vibration field. The interface thickness can be increased by applying mechanical vibration to the solid–liquid bonding process of the bimetals. Combined with the results of finite element simulation, the effect mechanism of the mechanical vibration in the preparation process was discussed. With the application of mechanical vibration, the hardness and interfacial bonding strength of the bimetals are obviously improved, and there is an optimal vibration parameter.
Thin filament regulation of cardiac muscle power output: Implications for targets to improve human failing hearts
Authors: Hanft Laurin M. , Robinett Joel C. , Kalogeris Theodore J. , Campbell Kenneth S. , Biesiadecki Brandon J. , McDonald Kerry S.
Published: March 2023

The heart’s pumping capacity is determined by myofilament power generation. Power is work done per unit time and measured as the product of force and velocity. At a sarcomere level, these contractile properties are linked to the number of attached cross-bridges and their cycling rate, and many signaling pathways modulate one or both factors. We previously showed that power is increased in rodent permeabilized cardiac myocytes following PKA-mediated phosphorylation of myofibrillar proteins. The current study found that that PKA increased power by ∼30% in permeabilized cardiac myocyte preparations (n = 8) from human failing hearts. To address myofilament molecular specificity of PKA effects, mechanical properties were measured in rat permeabilized slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers before and after exchange of endogenous slow skeletal troponin with recombinant human Tn complex that contains cardiac (c)TnT, cTnC and either wildtype (WT) cTnI or pseudo-phosphorylated cTnI at sites Ser23/24Asp, Tyr26Glu, or the combinatorial Ser23/24Asp and Tyr26Glu. We found that cTnI Ser23/24Asp, Tyr26Glu, and combinatorial Ser23/24Asp and Tyr26Glu were sufficient to increase power by ∼20%. Next, we determined whether pseudo-phosphorylated cTnI at Ser23/24 was sufficient to increase power in cardiac myocytes from human failing hearts. Following cTn exchange that included cTnI Ser23/24Asp, power output increased ∼20% in permeabilized cardiac myocyte preparations (n = 6) from the left ventricle of human failing hearts. These results implicate cTnI N-terminal phosphorylation as a molecular regulator of myocyte power and could serve as a regional target for small molecule therapy to unmask myocyte power reserve capacity in human failing hearts.
The rebound height of a capsule-shaped object
Authors: Yao Xing-Xing , Wang Zi-Wen , Zhao Liang-Liang , Zheng Yuan
Published: March 2023

The bouncing process of an irregular object falling on the ground contains many interesting mechanical problems. The article investigated the bounce height of a capsule-shaped object when it falls on the ground. The variation of three physical quantities, namely the angle of the object, the linear velocity of the center of mass and the angular velocity relative to the center of mass when it fell on the ground are studied. According to the limit condition of friction, the three-dimensional phase diagram of the above three physical quantities was drawn when the fall height of the capsule-shaped object and the bounce height was equal. The movement of the capsule-shaped object is captured by using two cameras positioned perpendicular to each other. The trajectory was tracked by TRACKER software to obtain the fall height and bounce height of the capsule. When the bounce height was higher than the fall height, it was marked with a red dot. If both heights were equal, it was marked with a black dot. Otherwise, it was marked with a blue dot. Different types of experimental data points are plotted in the phase diagram. A large amount of random experimental data verifies the correctness of the theory.
The toppling iPad
Authors: Ziese M
Published: March 2023

The motion of a toppling iPad is analyzed in detail. Measurements of angular velocity and linear acceleration were made for toppling about the edges and corners. From the analysis of the angular velocity, the position of the center of mass and the gyration radii were determined. The position of the accelerometer in the iPad was measured using both the centrifugal acceleration and the Euler acceleration, with the latter measurement providing more accurate data. This experiment could be used in the first year of a university course in mechanics, either in a physics laboratory or as a home experiment.
The algebraic origin of the Doppler factor in the Liénard–Wiechert potentials
Authors: Galeriu Călin
Published: March 2023

After reviewing the algebraic derivation of the Doppler factor in the Liénard–Wiechert potentials of an electrically charged point particle, we conclude that the Dirac delta function used in electrodynamics must be the one obeying the weak definition, non-zero in an infinitesimal neighborhood, and not the one obeying the strong definition, non-zero in a point. This conclusion emerges from our analysis of (a) the derivation of an important Dirac delta function identity, which generates the Doppler factor, (b) the linear superposition principle implicitly used by the Green function method, and (c) the two equivalent formulations of the Schwarzschild–Tetrode–Fokker action. As a consequence, in full agreement with our previous discussion of the geometrical origin of the Doppler factor, we conclude that the electromagnetic interaction takes place not between points in Minkowski space, but between corresponding infinitesimal segments along the worldlines of the particles.
Semi-reflective visor-based compact head-worn light field display
Authors: Park Hongbae , Stoeber Boris
Published: March 2023

We propose a visor-based see-through head-worn light field display. The visor is a semi-reflective concave image combiner that overlays virtual imagery to the user’s visual field. The visor has a toroidal surface profile for off-axis astigmatism correction. Virtual images are created at different depths using a classical light field assembly (LFA), which comprises a microlens array and a display source. The LFA is placed at an angle above the visor, clear of the user’s line of sight. The image plane of the LFA is placed near the focal plane of the visor. Since the LFA forms virtual images farther away from the plane of the display source, the LFA itself can be brought close to the visor, allowing for a more compact display system compared to conventional head-worn displays.
Investigation of flow characteristics in a twin-surface dielectric barrier discharge reactor by Schlieren imaging
Authors: Ollegott Kevin , Wirth Philipp , Oberste-Beulmann Christian , Sakthi Gokul Siddarth Mani , Magazova Aliya , Hermanns Patrick , Peters Niklas , Schücke Lars , Bracht Vera , Agar David W , Awakowicz Peter , Muhler Martin
Published: March 2023

Dielectric barrier discharges are an emerging technology for the plasma-catalytic removal of volatile organic compounds and other gas purification challenges such as the removal of O2 traces from H2. Packed-bed reactors are mainly used for these applications, but surface dielectric barrier discharges (SDBDs) typically printed on thin dielectric plates are promising alternatives for the treatment of large volumetric flow rates due to their low flow resistance causing a low pressure drop. Especially for SDBDs the flow conditions are crucial, because the active plasma filled volume covering the mentioned plates with a typical thickness of 0.1 mm is small in comparison to the overall reactor volume with a typical distance of some tens of millimeters to the reactor wall. In this study, the flow conditions of a twin-SDBD were investigated by Schlieren imaging applied in converting O2 traces in H2 containing gas mixtures to H2O and compared to fluid dynamics simulations. Schlieren imaging was used to visualize local gradients of the refractive index inside the SDBD reaction chamber, while gas composition, dissipated power, or flow rate were varied. Without a plasma discharge, laminar flow dominates, resulting in a conversion below 10% over a Pt-coated electrode configuration in the reaction of O2 traces with H2. With the plasma discharge, full conversion was achieved for the same reaction without catalyst, although the plasma is also confined to the surface of the electrode configuration. Schlieren structures covering the complete cross section of the reaction chamber were observed, showing that strong radial mass transport is induced by the plasma. The shape and extent of the Schlieren structures is ascribed to a superimposition of gas flow, thermal expansion from the plasma volume, thermal buoyancy as well as an electrohydrodynamic force between the electrodes and the grounded reactor walls. Fluid dynamics simulations show vortex formation above and below the electrode, created by the electrohydrodynamic force further implying extensive mass transport by the plasma, which is visualized in addition by carbonaceous deposits on the reactor lid. This emerging deposition pattern during toluene decomposition closely corresponds to the electrode geometry. It is proposed that the reaction proceeds only in the active plasma volume and that reactive species transported to the bulk gas phase only have a minor contribution. Thus, the degree of conversion of the SDBD reactor is not only determined by the chemical reactivity in the plasma volume, but also by its plasma-induced mass transport resulting in efficient gas mixing. These findings reveal new possibilities to improve SDBD reactors for gas purification applications based on their favorable flow conditions.
Entropy production rates for different notions of partial information
Authors: Ghosal Aishani , Bisker Gili
Published: March 2023

Experimentally monitoring the dynamics of a physical system, one cannot possibly resolve all the microstates or all the transitions between them. Theoretically, these partially observed systems are modeled by considering only the observed states and transitions while the rest are hidden, by merging microstates into a single mesostate, or by decimating unobserved states. The deviation of a system from thermal equilibrium can be characterized by a non-zero value of the entropy production rate (EPR). Based on the partially observed information of the states or transitions, one can only infer a lower bound on the total EPR. Previous studies focused on several approaches to optimize the lower bounds on the EPR, fluctuation theorems associated with the apparent EPR, information regarding the network topology inferred from partial information, etc. Here, we calculate partial EPR values of Markov chains driven by external forces from different notions of partial information. We calculate partial EPR from state-based coarse-graining, namely decimation and two lumping protocols with different constraints, either preserving transition flux, or the occupancy number correlation function. Finally, we compare these partial EPR values with the EPR inferred from the observed cycle affinity. Our results can further be extended to other networks and various external driving forces.
HCOO−
aq degradation in droplets by OHaq in an atmospheric pressure glow discharge
Authors: Meyer Mackenzie , Nayak Gaurav , Bruggeman Peter J , Kushner Mark J
Published: March 2023

Plasmas in contact with liquids can degrade organic molecules in a solution, as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced in the plasma solvate into the liquid. Immersing small droplets (tens of microns in diameter) in the plasma can more rapidly activate the liquid compared to treating a large volume of liquid with a smaller surface-to-volume ratio. The interactions between a radio frequency glow discharge sustained in He/H2O and a water droplet containing formate (HCOO−
aq) immersed in and flowing through the plasma were modeled using a zero-dimensional global plasma chemistry model to investigate these activation processes. HCOO
−

aq interacts with OHaq, which is produced from the solvation of OH from the gas phase. The resulting HCOO
−

aq concentrations were benchmarked with previously reported experimental measurements. The diameter of the droplet, initial HCOO
−

aq concentration, and gas flow rate affect only the HCOO
−

aq concentration and OHaq density, leaving the OH density in the gas phase unaffected. Power deposition and gas mixture (e.g. percentage of H2O) change both the gas and liquid phase chemistry. A general trend was observed: during the first portion of droplet exposure to the plasma, OHaq primarily consumes HCOO
−

aq. However, O2
−
aq, a byproduct of HCOO
−

aq consumption, consumes OHaq once O2
−
aq reaches a critically large density. Using HCOO
−

aq as a surrogate for OHaq-sensitive contaminants, combinations of residence time, droplet diameter, water vapor density, and power will determine the optimum remediation strategy.
Evaluating the influence of deformation variables on dynamic recrystallization behavior using a crystal plasticity model
Authors: Chatterjee Ritam , Narayana Murty S V S , Alankar Alankar
Published: March 2023

The present study is an attempt to model dynamic recrystallization (DRX) in a single phase metal using a mean field crystal plasticity (MFCP) based approach. A new empirical equation is proposed to model nucleation, in which the nucleation rate is a function of microstructure and plasticity descriptors that are known to affect DRX behavior, such as the temperature, strain rate, grain fineness and stored energy. Grains undergo nucleation when their dislocation density exceeds a threshold value. Subsequently, new grains grow based on the difference in stored deformation energy with respect to the average value over all grains. The MFCP-DRX model is able to correctly predict trends for the flow stress, dislocation density evolution, grain size evolution and kinetics across a range of temperatures and strain rates for uniaxial compression. Transition of the flow stress from single to multiple peaks is observed with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate, thus comparing well against known DRX trends. The evolutions of crystallographic texture during DRX in uniaxial compression and plane strain compression are compared against experimental observations. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to understand the effect of variables on nucleation and growth. The competition between nucleation and growth dominated deformation in different strain regimes is analyzed in detail across various temperatures and strain rates.
Rapid fabrication of nanoporous iron by atmospheric plasma for efficient wastewater treatment
Authors: Lu AnKang , Li HanYu , Yu Yao , Liu Lin
Published: March 2023

Nanoporous (NP) iron with large surface area is highly desired for wastewater degradation catalysis. However, it remains a challenge for the fabrication of NP-Fe because the conventional aqueous dealloying or liquid metal dealloying are not applicable. Herein, a novel and universal plasma-assisted electro-dealloying technique was utilized to fabricate NP-Fe. The NP-Fe demonstrates evenly distributed pore structure. The pore density can be tuned by the variation of the ratio of Fe and Zn in the precursor, and the average pore size can be tuned by the processing time. Owing to its large specific surface area, the NP-Fe shows excellent wastewater degradation performance, which is 26 times better than that of commercial zero-valent iron catalysts. This study provides a useful approach to fabricate NP active metals with enhanced catalytic performance.
Topology automaton of self-similar sets and its applications to metrical classifications
Authors: Huang Liang-Yi , Wen Zhi-Ying , Yang Ya-Min , Zhu Yun-Jie
Published: March 2023

The topological and metrical classifications of fractal sets are important topics in analysis. The goal of the present paper is to carry out such studies by using a finite state automaton. Firstly, we introduce Σ-automaton for self-similar sets, and we define topology automaton for fractal gaskets. Next, we show that a fractal gasket is always bi-Hölder equivalent to the pseudo-metric space induced by its topology automaton. Thirdly, we investigate when the pseudo-metric spaces induced by different automata can be bi-Lipschitz equivalent. As an application, we obtain a rather general sufficient condition for two fractal gaskets to be bi-Hölder or bi-Lipschitz equivalent.
Erratum: Non-i.i.d. random holomorphic dynamical systems and the generic dichotomy (2022 Nonlinearity
35 1857)
Authors: Sumi Hiroki , Watanabe Takayuki
Published: March 2023

Due to processing errors in production, some corrections requested by the authors were not implemented in the published version of the paper. Here, we provide the necessary correction to the paper (Sumi and Watanabe 2022 Nonlinearity
35 1857–75). In particular, Main result C is corrected and some symbols used in Sumi and Watanabe (2022 Nonlinearity
35 1857–75) are specified.
Leslie’s ‘can’ using Arduino
Authors: Garcia E M , Goncalves A M B , Calheiro L B
Published: March 2023

The heat irradiated by a surface depends on its temperature, colour, and roughness. In this manuscript, we built a 3D-printed rotary platform to monitor the radiation emitted by different surfaces and their temperatures. Instead of using a cube, we used a can with four regions (black, white, shiny, and matt surfaces). An Arduino board is responsible for controlling a step motor that rotates the can and collects simultaneous data from an infrared sensor module and a thermometer. With this apparatus, the students can observe the infrared radiation intensity as a function of the surface.
On the relationship between the multi-region relaxed variational principle and resistive inner-layer theory
Authors: Kumar A , Loizu J , Hole M J , Qu Z S , Hudson S R , Dewar R L
Published: March 2023

We show that the variational energy principle of the multi-region relaxed magnetohydrodynamic (MRxMHD) model can be used to predict finite-pressure linear tearing instabilities. In this model, the plasma volume is sliced into sub-volumes separated by ‘ideal interfaces’, and in each volume the magnetic field relaxes to a Taylor state, where the pressure gradient

∇
p
=
0

. The MRxMHD model is implemented in the Stepped-Pressure Equilibrium Code (SPEC) so that the equilibrium solution in each region is computed while preserving the force balance across the interfaces. As SPEC computes the Hessian matrix (a discretized stability matrix), the stability of an MRxMHD equilibrium can also be computed with SPEC. In this article, using SPEC, we investigate the effect of local pressure gradients and the

∇
p
=
0

in the vicinity of the resonant surface of a tearing mode. For low-beta plasma, we have been able to illustrate a relationship between the resistive singular-layer theory (Coppi et al 1966 Nucl. Fusion
6 101; Glasser et al 1975 Phys. Fluids
18 875–88) and the MRxMHD model. Within the singular layer, the volume-averaged magnetic helicity and the flux-averaged toroidal flux are shown to be the invariants for the linear tearing modes in SPEC simulations. Our technique to compute MRxMHD stability is first tested numerically in a cylindrical tokamak and its application in toroidal geometry is demonstrated. We demonstrate an agreement between the stability boundary obtained with SPEC simulation and the resistive inner-layer theories.
Unification of the first law of quantum thermodynamics
Authors: Dann Roie , Kosloff Ronnie
Published: March 2023

Underlying the classical thermodynamic principles are analogous microscopic laws, arising from the fundamental axioms of quantum mechanics. These define quantum thermodynamic variables such as quantum work and heat and characterize the possible transformations of open quantum systems. The foremost quantum thermodynamic law is a simple statement concerning the conservation of energy. Nevertheless, there exist ambiguity and disagreement regarding the precise partition of a quantum system’s energy change to work and heat. By treating quantum mechanics as a comprehensive theory, applicable to both the micro and macroscopic domains, and employing dynamical symmetries, we bridge the gaps between five popular thermodynamic approaches to the first law. These include both autonomous and semi-classical formulations, which define work in terms of an ensemble average, as well as the single shot paradigm, where work is defined as a deterministic quantity.
Controllable sidebands of resonance fluorescence of a two-level system driven by bichromatic field
Authors: Yan Yiying , Lü Zhiguo , Luo JunYan , Zheng Hang
Published: March 2023

Strong polychromatic driving reshapes characteristics of the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a two-level system. Employing bichromatic driving feild with a low beat-frequency smaller than the emission rate of the system we demonstrate the exotic features of the fluorescence spectrum calculated by the numerical Floquet-Liouville approach and analytical method. It is found that fluorescence spectrum possesses two broadened sidebands in the place of the Rabi sidebands under certain conditions. Moreover, the heights and widths of the sidebands can be controlled by tuning the driving parameters. The properties of the spectrum is determined by the transitions between the Floquet states in a rotating frame. The broadened sidebands result from the quasi-continuous quasienergy spectrum which happens with steering the beat frequency lower. The present study provides insights into the Floquet engineering of the fluorescence spectral features with polychromatic excitation fields.
MeV dark matter with MeV dark photons in Abelian kinetic mixing theories
Authors: Compagnin Federico , Profumo Stefano , Fornengo Nicolao
Published: March 2023

We consider the cosmology and phenomenology of a dark photon portal to a simple dark
sector consisting of a single, light, fermionic dark matter particle species with mass in the
MeV range. We entertain three possible kinetic mixing structures of a new Abelian gauge
group U(1)dark with the visible sector through U(1)e.m., U(1)Y and T[SU(2)_L]. We assume the
dark photon to be massive and around the MeV scale, thus close to the mass scale of the
dark matter candidate. We compute the dark matter relic density via freeze-out and freeze-in,
entertaining the additional possibility of
a late inflationary period that could dilute the
dark matter yield of heavy candidates, and (ii) additional production modes, for models with under-abundant thermal production.
We explore the parameter space compatible with a variety
of experimental and astrophysical bounds, and discuss prospects for discovery with new CMB
probes and MeV gamma-ray telescopes.
Hadron spectra and pion form factor in dynamical holographic QCD model with anomalous 5D mass of scalar field*
Authors: Chen Ruixiang , Li Danning , Bitaghsir Fadafan Kazem , Huang Mei
Published: March 2023

The simplest version of the dynamical holographic QCD model is described by adding the KKSS model action on a dilaton-graviton coupled background, in which the AdS

metric is deformed by the gluon condensation and further deformed by the chiral condensation. In this framework, both the chiral symmetry breaking and linear confinement can be realized. The light-flavor hadron spectra and the pion form factor were investigated, but it was difficult to reconcile the light-flavor hadron spectra and pion form factor. By considering the anomalous 5-dimension mass correction of the scalar field from QCD running coupling, it is found that the light flavor hadron spectra and pion form factor can be described well simultaneously. In particular, the ground state and lower excitation states of the scalar, pseudo scalar, and axial vector meson spectra are improved. However, the vector meson spectra are not sensitive to the anomalous 5-dimension mass correction of the scalar field.
Probing into the Possible Range of the U Bosonic Coupling Constants in Neutron Stars Containing Hyperons
Authors: Xu Yan , Diao Bin , Wang Yi-Bo , Huang Xiu-Lin , Hu Xing-Xing , Yu Zi
Published: March 2023

The range of the U bosonic coupling constants in neutron star matter is a very interesting but still unsolved problem which has multifaceted influences in nuclear physics, particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. The combination of the theoretical numerical simulation and the recent observations provides a very good opportunity to solve this problem. In the present work, the range of the U bosonic coupling constants is inferred based on the three relations of the mass–radius, mass-frequency and mass-tidal deformability in neutron stars containing hyperons using the GM1, TM1 and NL3 parameter sets under the two flavor symmetries of SU(6) and SU(3) in the framework of the relativistic mean field theory. Combined with observations from PSRs J1614-2230, J0348+0432, J2215-5135, J0952-0607, J0740+6620, J0030-0451, J1748-2446ad, XTE J1739-285, GW170817 and GW190814 events, our numerical results show that the U bosonic coupling constants may tend to be within the range from 0 to 20 GeV−2 in neutron star containing hyperons. Moreover, the numerical results of the three relations obtained by the SU(3) symmetry are better in accordance with observation data than those obtained by the SU(6) symmetry. The results will help us to improve the strict constraints of the equation of state for neutron stars containing hyperons.
Assessment of the impact of renewable energy on the balanced development and preservation of the carbon cycle in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia
Authors: Dvinin D Y , Davankov A Y , Plaksina A L
Published: March 2023

The study took into account that renewable energy does not change the biospheric material and energy flows, which ensures the achievement of a general balance. To assess it, a special indicator of balance was used, which characterizes the ratio in energy indicators between industrial activity in the region and the state of its ecosystems. In addition, the need of carbon cycle preservation, which may be disturbed due to the peculiarities of the ecosystems of the regions, was taken into account. It was set that due to the existence of large areas of forest and swamp ecosystems, in all Far Eastern Federal District regions, ecosystems are effective absorbers of carbon dioxide. The total absorption of carbon dioxide in the district is 810.98 million tons. In nine regions of the District, industrial activity and ecosystems are in a balanced state in terms of energy indicators: in the Amur and Magadan Oblast, Khabarovsk, Kamchatka and Zabaykalsky Krai, the Republic of Buryatia and Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The balance indicator in Primorsky Krai and the Sakhalin Oblast is greater than one, which indicates a violation of the balance. To achieve it in these regions, it will be necessary to increase the share of renewable energy in regional energy balances to 50% and 21%, respectively.
Assessment of the agro-food system of Russia in modern realities
Authors: Krasilnikova L E , Balandin D A , Fedoseeva S S
Published: March 2023

The article considers the main scientific provisions in the field of development of agro-food systems. Methodological approaches to assessing the level of food security have been studied. The main factors influencing the agro-food systems of states in modern realities are identified. The indicators of the agro-food system of the Russian Federation in 2010-2020 are analyzed. in terms of food security. The results of the assessment of the food security of the Perm Territory are presented, taking into account the actual availability and norms of rational consumption of food products by the population. A conclusion was drawn about the need for further research in the field of developing methodological tools for assessing food security and improving the mechanisms of state regulation of agro-industrial production.
Local mineral resources and agricultural production wastes as fertilizer
Authors: Kh Kulikova A , Yashin E A , Volkova E S , Naumova A S , Pahalin V A
Published: March 2023

The paper contains the studies of the influence of diatomite (high-silica rock) in its pure form and diatomite-based organic-mineral fertilizer and chicken manure on the barley yield. It was found that these fertilizers contributed to an increase in the barley grain yield by 0.12 and 0.26 t/ha (depending on the dose) when using diatomite and by 0.5 and 0.73 t/ha – organic-mineral fertilizer. The organic-mineral fertilizer based on diatomite and chicken manure was superior in effectiveness to the mineral one (N40P40K40).
Efficiency of use of organic and organomineral fertilizers with humic acids in the composition
Authors: Moskalenko T V , Mikheev V A , Vorsina E V
Published: March 2023

Global food security is threatened by extreme climate events, deterioration of the ecological and geopolitical situation, a difficult geopolitical situation, and disruption of supply chains. Therefore, issues related to increasing the productivity of agricultural crops, restoring disturbed lands, and increasing soil fertility come to the fore. The results of the work on the determination of physicochemical properties and biological activity for liquid humic-containing organic and organomineral fertilizers, which are produced on an industrial scale, are presented. Experiments were also carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of their application. For the study, samples of liquid organic and organomineral fertilizers containing humic substances and intended for use on private farms were selected. The following samples were tested: determination of the yield of free humic acids, determination of the ash content of humic acids, determination of the alkali content, determination of solubility in water, determination of biological activity. All samples allow you to get the effect of a biological plant growth stimulator. This indicates the great potential of humic substances in the composition of organic and organomineral fertilizers when used in agriculture in order to increase productivity. The highest performance in the totality of all the studied indicators has a sample that was obtained during the processing of brown coal.
Method for the calculation of total dipole moment for organic mass of brown and hard coals
Authors: Moskalenko T V , Mikheev V A , Vorsina E V
Published: March 2023

The article considers the study of the patterns of changes in the properties of coals in the metamorphism series and the identification of structural and chemical parameters that allow not only to correctly describe them, but also to use them as an express method of assessment. It is known that physical processes such as adhesion and cohesion play an important role in the processes of coal processing, since the adhesion of dissimilar or homogeneous particles brought into contact is due to intermolecular interaction. Determination of adhesive and cohesive properties of various substances, including solid fossil fuels, is not standardized in hardware. The total dipole moment is one of the indicators characterizing the intermolecular interaction. A method for calculating the total dipole moment based on an additive approach is presented. The calculated values of the total dipole moment of the organic mass of solid fossil fuels in the series “brown coal - hard coal - anthracite” showed a high correlation with the reflectance of vitrinite. As a result of mathematical data processing, equations were obtained for calculating the total dipole moment for brown and hard coals. The application of the equations obtained based on statistical processing of a large database and the calculation according to the proposed method can be used in calculating the parameters of such coal processing processes as briquetting, extraction, flotation, etc.
The effect of hydrogel Aquasource on yield capacity and seed efficiency of melon Cucumis melo L.
Authors: Pahlevanyan A M , Martirosyan G S , Tadevosyan L M , Balayan R S , Harutyunyan Z E , Vardanian I V
Published: March 2023

At the Scientific Center of Vegetable, Melon and Industrial Crops (MoE RA) for 3 years (2020-2022), the use of Aquasource hydrogel (Ecotechnology LLC) in the cultivation of melon Cucumis melo L was investigated. Hydrogel in the ratio: Soil mix +Aaquasource (3:0.1), Soil mix+Aquasource (3:0.15), Soil mix +Aquasource (3:0.2) compared with the control (Soil mix without Aquasource) had a positive effect on the early appearance of female flowers, reducing the terms of technical ripening and fruit quality. The indicator of marketable yield of melon also exceeded the control (230.9±2.73 c/ha) and amounted to 287.5±2.94, 308.0±2.27 and 307.0±3.05 c/ha, respectively. A similar pattern was observed with seed yield: 360.7±2.87, 399.6±10.01, 392.1±9.20kg/ha, respectively, with control 287.2±8.05 kg/ha. An assessment of the economic efficiency of using Aquasource showed that by reducing the cost of water supply, labor force and provision of higher yield, the percentage of economic efficiency was 120.4-128.6%, and profitability - 67.6-69.0% (with control of 61.9%).
Methodology of formation of the hydrosphere state management system in technogenically-loaded regions of Russia
Authors: Molev M D , Lemeshko M A , Zanina I A , Stuzhenko N I , Paskarelov S I
Published: March 2023

The condition of the underground and surface hydrosphere as one of the shells of the human habitat plays an exceptional role in ensuring the normal functioning of the population. In Russian regions with developed industry and transport infrastructure, the hydrosphere is experiencing significant man-made loads, which are objectively characterized by saturation of its facilities with various industrial and household effluents containing harmful and toxic substances, including heavy metals and their compounds. The article presents the results of the development of a hydraulic network management system in these territories. Scientifically grounded approaches to the formation of an appropriate methodology for the construction of control subsystems are presented. In particular, the complex of integrated system analysis and synthesis was chosen as the basic analytical tools, which allows taking into account the fundamental properties of natural and technical systems. It is shown that effective control of the hydrosphere can be carried out only with the joint synchronous functioning of the control and regulating blocks. The regional system, built according to the proposed scheme, allows you to quickly develop and implement organizational and technical measures to normalize the chemical and biological composition of drainage waters.
Is everything quantum ‘spooky and weird’? An exploration of popular communication about quantum science and technology in TEDx talks
Authors: Meinsma Aletta Lucia , Kristensen Sanne Willemijn , Reijnierse W Gudrun , Smeets Ionica , Cramer Julia
Published: March 2023

Previous studies have identified four potential issues related to the popularisation of quantum science and technology. These include framing quantum science and technology as spooky and enigmatic, a lack of explaining underlying quantum concepts of quantum 2.0 technology, framing quantum technology narrowly in terms of public good and having a strong focus on quantum computing. Before assessing the effect of these potential issues on public perceptions, it is important to first determine whether these issues are actually present in popular communication. To this end, we conducted a content analysis in which we investigated how quantum science and technology are framed in a corpus of 501 TEDx talks. We also examined to what extent quantum experts, such as quantum scientists and leaders at organisations in quantum science and technology, communicate about quantum science and technology differently from non-experts, such as scientists from other disciplines and artists. Results showed that: (1) about a quarter of the talks framed quantum science and technology as spooky/enigmatic; (2) about half of the talks explained at least one underlying quantum concept (superposition, entanglement or contextuality) of quantum 2.0 technology; (3) quantum technology is narrowly framed in terms of public good as we found six times more talks mentioning benefits than risks; and (4) the main focus is on quantum computing at the expense of other quantum technologies. In addition, experts and non-experts differ on three out of four issues (only the fourth issue is similar for both). Our findings thus show that these potential issues related to the popularisation of quantum science and technology are present but not predominant in TEDx talks. Further research should explore their effect on public perceptions of quantum science and technology.
Becoming Elizabeth
Authors: Robb Megan Eaton
Published: March 2023

In the late eighteenth century, a Mughal woman named Sharaf un-Nisa lived with and bore children by the first Company Supervisor of Purnea. She followed him to Britain, changed her name to Elizabeth, and converted to Christianity. Cohabitations between native women and British East India Company servants were common. While scholars have attempted to compensate for the notorious dearth of information about these native women’s lives by reading East India Company archives, material evidence of this woman’s life lends insight to the embodied process of Anglicization. This article supplements existing research on native consorts with consideration of a family archive to consider the subjectivity of Elizabeth Sharaf un-Nisa as a process of transformation characterized by hybridity. This argument proceeds by a textual material analysis of a diverse range of materials from a family archive, including eighteenth and early nineteenth century private correspondence in English and Persian, as well as material analysis of paintings, jewelry, textiles, and a penmanship book.
Production of electrical energy from living plants in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Martinez Raymond Daniel Rodriguez , Bermudez Maria Eugenia Alvarez
Published: March 2023

Growing energy demand is a current problem with greater incidence in the future. The research objective is to establish seed bases to give a leading role to plants used in anthropogenic production activities and consumption, and even plants belonging to wildlife in terms of energy production. The use of living plants to obtain electrical energy through a microbial-vegetable fuel cell is proposed as a mechanism to supply the energy demand with easy access worldwide, especially in areas far from urban centres. In this work, the voltage produced by microbial-vegetable fuel cells was measured using graphite electrodes and plants belonging to the species of aloe (Aloe vera), corn (Zea mays), black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and moss (Dicranidae). They were selected for their presence in everyday life and their great commercial and agricultural value, reaching a maximum voltage of 884 mV from moss. There is evidence that all plants can be a source of energy to a greater or lesser extent and that their performance is given by the plant root interactions at the electrodes. However, an extensive root system can favour the accumulation of substrate after the hydrolysis of dead roots, provided that their presence does not interfere with microbial activity on the anodic surface. For this, using plants with low resistance to thermal stress can lead to a substrate richer in substances that can be decomposed. Therefore, it is recommended to use plants according to their life cycle and the morphology of their roots, and plants that can grow in waterlogged conditions or without direct contact with the Sun.
Your Outpatient has Coronavirus Disease 2019: What Are the Treatment Options in the Current Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variant Climate?
Authors: Werbel William A , Weld Ethel D , Advani Sonali D , Patel Payal K , Sundaram Maria E , Phadke Varun K
Published: March 2023

Mutations accumulated by novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron sublineages contribute to evasion of previously effective monoclonal antibodies for treatment or prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Other authorized or approved antiviral drugs such as nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, and molnupiravir are, however, predicted to maintain activity against these sublineages and are key tools to reduce severe COVID-19 outcomes in vulnerable populations. A stepwise approach may be taken to target the appropriate antiviral drug to the appropriate patient, beginning with identifying whether a patient is at high risk for hospitalization or other complications of COVID-19. Among higher risk individuals, patient profile (including factors such as age, organ function, and comedications) and antiviral drug access inform suitable antiviral drug selection. When applied in targeted fashion, these therapies serve as a complement to vital ongoing nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccination strategies that reduce morbidity and maximize protection against COVID-19.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Is Associated With Reduced Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing in Older Adults With Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A Population-Wide Cohort Study
Authors: MacFadden Derek R , Maxwell Colleen , Bowdish Dawn , Bronskill Susan , Brooks James , Brown Kevin , Burrows Lori L , Clarke Anna , Langford Bradley , Leung Elizabeth , Leung Valerie , Manuel Doug , McGeer Allison , Mishra Sharmistha , Morris Andrew M , Nott Caroline , Raybardhan Sumit , Sapin Mia , Schwartz Kevin L , So Miranda , Soucy Jean-Paul R , Daneman Nick
Published: March 2023

Background

Antibiotics are frequently prescribed unnecessarily in outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to evaluate factors associated with antibiotic prescribing in outpatients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Methods

We performed a population-wide cohort study of outpatients aged ≥66 years with polymerase chain reaction–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021 in Ontario, Canada. We determined rates of antibiotic prescribing within 1 week before (prediagnosis) and 1 week after (postdiagnosis) reporting of the positive SARS-CoV-2 result, compared to a self-controlled period (baseline). We evaluated predictors of prescribing, including a primary-series COVID-19 vaccination, in univariate and multivariable analyses.

Results

We identified 13 529 eligible nursing home residents and 50 885 eligible community-dwelling adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the nursing home and community residents, 3020 (22%) and 6372 (13%), respectively, received at least 1 antibiotic prescription within 1 week of a SARS-CoV-2 positive result. Antibiotic prescribing in nursing home and community residents occurred, respectively, at 15.0 and 10.5 prescriptions per 1000 person-days prediagnosis and 20.9 and 9.8 per 1000 person-days postdiagnosis, higher than the baseline rates of 4.3 and 2.5 prescriptions per 1000 person-days. COVID-19 vaccination was associated with reduced prescribing in nursing home and community residents, with adjusted postdiagnosis incidence rate ratios (95% confidence interval) of 0.7 (0.4–1) and 0.3 (0.3–0.4), respectively.

Conclusions

Antibiotic prescribing was high and with little or no decline following SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis but was reduced in COVID-19–vaccinated individuals, highlighting the importance of vaccination and antibiotic stewardship in older adults with COVID-19.
The Power of Beliefs in US Cyber Strategy: The Evolving Role of Deterrence, Norms, and Escalation
Authors: Lonergan Erica D , Schneider Jacquelyn
Published: March 2023

Cyberspace's role in military power is vociferously debated. But how do these ideas manifest in cyber strategy? In this article, we trace the development of ideas about military cyber power, with a focus on the USA. In particular, we use a decade of US defense cyber strategies as a lens to explore how ideas about the role of the military in promoting cyber norms, the feasibility of cyber deterrence, and the risks of escalation have morphed over time. In doing so, we identify sources of continuity and discontinuity. We then turn to the academic literature to evaluate those ideas and appraise US defense cyber strategies, identifying gaps and tensions. Finally, we leverage these insights to provide recommendations for future US defense cyber strategies.
A rare case of partial cor triatriatum diagnosed at an adult age: a case report
Authors: von Bartheld Bob , Rijnierse Mischa , van Loon Ramon , Meijboom Lilian
Published: March 2023

Background

Cor triatriatum sinistra (CTS) is a rare condition where the left atrium (LA) is divided by a thin membrane into an upper and lower chamber. Incidentally, the diagnosis is made in late adulthood, usually because of a favourable variant such as in our patient who presented with partial CTS.

Case summary

We present the case of a 62-year-old female who presented with COVID-19. She was known for longstanding symptoms of dyspnoea on exertion as well as a minor stroke several years ago. Computed tomography on admission suggested there was a mass in the LA but transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed the diagnosis of partial CTS in which the superior compartment received pulmonary venous drainage from the right lung and the left-sided pulmonary veins drained into the inferior chamber. Since there were signs of chronic pulmonary oedema she successfully underwent balloon dilatation of the membrane resulting in remission of symptoms and normalization of the pressure in the accessory chamber.

Discussion

Partial CTS is a rare variant of CTS. Since part of the pulmonary veins drains in the lower chamber of the LA (and thereby unload the right ventricle), it is a favourable variant and patients may present later in life when membrane orifices calcify or it may be discovered as an incidental finding. In some patients requiring intervention, balloon dilatation of the membrane may be considered as an alternative to surgical removal of the membrane by thoracotomy.
The New Microbiology: an international lecture course on the island of Spetses
Authors: Cossart Pascale , Kolter Roberto , Lemaitre Bruno , Typas Athanasios
Published: March 2023

In September 2022, an international summer course entitled ‘The new microbiology’ took place in Greece, on the island of Spetses. The organizers aimed to highlight the spectacular advances and the renaissance occurring in Microbiology, driven by developments in genomics, proteomics, imaging techniques, and bioinformatics. Combinations of these advances allow for single cell analyses, rapid and relatively inexpensive metagenomic and transcriptomic data analyses and comparisons, visualization of previously unsuspected mechanisms, and large-scale studies. A ‘New Microbiology’ is emerging which allows studies that address the critical roles of microbes in health and disease, in humans, animals, and the environment. The concept of one health is now transforming microbiology. The goal of the course was to discuss all these topics with members of the new generation of microbiologists all of whom were highly motivated and fully receptive.