bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF FLUID FLOW INSTABILITIES IN PORE-SCALE WITH HETEROGENEITIES IN PERMEABILITY AND WETTABILITY
Authors: Shiri Yousef , Shiri Alireza
Published: June 2021

Quadrant geometry with permeability and wettability contrast occurs in different events, such as faults, wellbore damage, and perforation zones. In these events, understanding the dynamics of immiscible fluid displacement is vital for enhanced oil recovery. Fluid flow studies showed that viscous fingering occurs due to viscous instabilities that depend on the mobility of fluids and capillary forces. Besides, the porous domain heterogeneity is also effective on the formation of fingering. So, the purpose of the current research is to numerically investigate the effect of heterogeneity in wettability and permeability, and flow properties in Saffmann-Taylor instabilities. Numerical simulations with different flow rates in the permeability contrast model illustrated the nodal crossflow, growth of viscous fingering in the nodal part, and bypass flow in the second zone. In the wettability contrast model, a capillary fingering pattern is observed and fluid patches are isolated because of capillary force and the end effects are trapped within the quadrant. Moreover, the consequences of wettability on apparent wettability that alters the fluid-front pattern and displacement efficiency are shown.
TWO-COMPONENT FLUID FRONT TRACKING IN FAULT ZONE AND DISCONTINUITY WITH PERMEABILITY HETEROGENEITY
Authors: Shiri Yousef , Hassani Hossein
Published: June 2021

Fluid front tracking is important in two-phase/component fluid flow in porous media with different heterogeneities, especially in the improved recovery of oil. Three different flow patterns of stable, viscous fingering, and capillary fingering exist based on the fluids’ viscosity and capillary number (CA). In addition, fluid front and sweep efficiency are affected by the heterogeneity of the porous medium. In the current study, the heterogeneous porous media are: (1) normal fault zone or cross-bedding with heterogeneity in permeability, and (2) a fracture or discontinuity between two porous media consisting of two homogeneous layers with very low and high permeabilities, in which immiscible water flooding is performed for sweep efficiency and streamlines tracking purposes. By considering the experimental glass micromodel and the simulation results of discontinuity, a crack is the main fluid flow path. After the breakthrough, fluid inclines to penetrate the fine and coarse grains around the crack. Moreover, an increase in flow rate from 1 and 200 (ml/h) in both the experimental and simulation models causes a reduction in the sweep efficiency from 14% to 7.3% and 15.6% to 10% by the moment of breakthrough, respectively. In the fault zone, the sweep efficiency and the streamline of the injected fluid showed a dependency on the interface incident angle, and the layers’ permeability. The presented glass micromodel and Lattice Boltzmann Method were consistent with fluid dynamics, and both of them were suitable for a precise evaluation of sweep efficiency and visualization of preferential pathway of fluid flow through cross-bedding and discontinuity for enhanced oil recovery purposes.
DEFINING GEOEXCHANGE EXTRACTION RATES IN THE SAME GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT FOR DIFFERENT BOREHOLE GEOMETRY SETTINGS – PILOT RESULTS FROM THE HAPPEN - HORIZON 2020 PROJECT
Authors: Kurevija Tomislav , Macenić Marija , Sabolić Tea , Jovanović Dalibor
Published: June 2021

Kindergarten Grdelin in the city of Buzet, Istria, Croatia, was chosen to undergo a deep retrofit of the current thermotechnical system, as a part of the HORIZON 2020 HAPPEN project1. The existing shallow spiral heat exchanger field is insufficient to cover heating loads of the building. Therefore, additional BHEs were drilled and completed to determine optimal borehole heat exchanger type within the same geological environment. Four BHEs, either single U (1U) or double U (2U), with different geometrical setting and depth were tested: BHE-1 (50 m, 2U DN32 ribbed), BHE-2 (75 m, 2U DN40 ribbed), BHE-3 (100 m, 2U DN32 smooth) and BHE-4 (150 m, 1U DN45 ribbed). A thermal response test (TRT) was performed to obtain the ground thermal properties. Furthermore, synthetic TRT curves were calculated to describe temperature response in the case of different heat pulses. This was done to determine heat extraction rates and the capacity of each BHE type, according to EN14511 norm. It was established that the BHE-4 is the optimal design for heating and cooling purposes on the selected site due to positive impact of the geothermal gradient, higher initial borehole temperature and a positive effect of the ribbed inner wall.
SMOOTHED GRIDDED SEISMICITY EFFECT FOR LAND-USE DEVELOPMENT, CASE STUDY: KALIMANTAN ISLAND, INDONESIA
Authors: Syahbana Arifan Jaya , Iqbal Prahara , Irsyam Masyhur , Asrurifak M. , Hendriyawan Hendriyawan
Published: June 2021

Smoothed gridded seismicity is an analysis model in seismicity that allows for the obtaining of a rate based on the b-value and the same magnitude range. The data study has been collected and analyzed from a background source gathered by PusGen, referred to as the PusGen catalogue, with approximately 70 thousand data points. Two software programs (i.e. USGS PSHA and OpenQuake) were utilized in this study, and both programs have been proven as reliable in the creation of the 2017 Indonesia Earthquake Hazard Map. The final steps are to compare the acceleration map results with the Kalimantan Island land-use map and to analyze suitability development planning against potential hazards and earthquake risks. The results stated that: (1) acceleration due to the shallow background earthquake for the Kalimantan region, range from 0.00-0.25g (using USGS PSHA) and 0.0-0.4g (using OpenQuake); (2) meanwhile, based on the deep background earthquake source, the maximum accelerations that occur are 0.15g and 0.25g when using USGS PSHA and OpenQuake, respectively; (3) the utilized of land-use for the current and future years is in line with the results of the acceleration simulation. The study recommends to take into account the seismic aspects in new planning of the capital city, mining and residential areas in order to reduce the existing risks.
Activities of the human rights commissioners in the Russian Federation in the field of political rights: current challenges
Authors: Komarova V. V.
Published: June 2021

The article covers the activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation in the field of political rights. The current dynamic of the institution of political rights is emphasized not only by increasing the powers to exercise constitutionally enshrined political rights and by numerically increasing of the group studied, but also by broadening their objectives, for example, maintaining trust in authority. The author concludes that the prevention of risks in the field of political rights through legal education in the field of human rights, raising the level of legal awareness of citizens today is a relevant and necessary activity of the Commissioners for Human Rights in Russia. Ultimately, their educational activities — at first glance, indirect in terms of political rights, should be aimed at restoring confidence in public authority. Trust is the base for the sustainable development of the Russia and civil society, which is the basis for an active living position, manifested primarily in the field of political rights. On the base of the analysis of sectoral legislation, was formulated proposals for its reform and directions of activities within the stated topic.
Protection of the rights of journalists by the authorized by human rights of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kulikova S. A.
Published: June 2021

The main aspects of the protection of the rights of journalists by the Human Rights Ombudsman in the Russian Federation, presented in his reports from 1998 to 2019, are studied. It is revealed that the problem of violations of the rights of journalists was present in most of the reports of the Ombudsman, the Ombudsman considers attacks on them to obstruct the exercise of their professional duties, the termination of the activities of the media on grounds unforeseen by law, some forms of economic pressure on independent media, illegal restrictions on access to information, etc.

It is concluded that the protection of the rights of journalists should remain one of the priority areas of the activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation, the analysis of violations of the rights of journalists should be included in the section “Protection of the rights of certain categories of citizens.” To some extent, this proposal was embodied in the report of the Ombudsman in 2019, section 2.6 of which is designated as “Freedom of speech and protection of the rights of journalists”.
Role of ombudsman institution in forming a culture of human rights
Authors: Pavlenko E. M.
Published: June 2021

The article considers the formation of a culture of human rights as a guarantee of constitutional norm on the highest value of a person, his/ her rights and freedoms. Considerable attention is paid to the activities of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation in this direction, including those directed to ensuring the right to know one's rights. A number of proposals for the Commissioner's further work in this area have been formulated.
On the implementation of the right to education in the digital environment of the university
Authors: Ershova I. V. , Enkova E. E.
Published: June 2021

The article provides an overview of international documents and Russian normative legal acts that establish the right to education. The rights and obligations of educational organizations to ensure the right to education in the context of digitalization are noted. The possibilities and conditions for the implementation of educational programs with the use of e-learning and distance learning technologies are shown. Attention is drawn to the legalization of educational standards of the latest generation of the implementation of educational programs using digital technologies. In the aspect of local rulemaking, the system of acts regulating distance learning of the Kutafin University (MSLA) is demonstrated.

It is concluded that in modern Russia, educational organizations have all the legal grounds to ensure the right of citizens to education through e-learning using distance learning technologies, but this subjective right is limited by the system of legal imperatives. The article presents the data of sociological studies conducted at the MSLA. Based on the analysis of their results, it was stated that the Kutafin University was ready for the digital challenges, providing students with the opportunity to realize the right to a high-quality higher education.
Institute for the defense of human rights (ombudsman) in Canada
Authors: Dudko I. G.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the institution for the protection of human rights (ombudsman) operating in Canada, represented by a variety of bodies, officials, and the specifics of their powers. Particular attention is paid to the Canadian Human Rights Commission — a human rights state body within whose jurisdiction is exercised control over public administration and private companies at the federal level on discrimination issues, as well as the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal, which, according to the author, performs a quasi-judicial role in exercising jurisdictional control. The author comes to the conclusion about the formation of a two-stage mechanism that ensures more effective protection of human rights.

The article thoroughly examines the legal and institutional features of the status and powers of human rights commissions and ombudsmen operating at the provincial and territorial levels. The study allowed the author to identify the following features of the institution for the protection of human rights (ombudsman) in Canada: the prevailing decentralization, which is expressed in the autonomy of the provinces and the Federation in the establishment and consolidation of the status of officials and bodies carrying out human rights activities; institutional plurality, characterized by a variety of structures (bodies, officials), the scope of their powers aimed at protecting human rights; development of specialization of state human rights institutions in various areas (discrimination, labor relations, housing and others); formation of a “local” model of the ombudsman in non-state corporations and institutions. The author proposes to use the experience of the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal when developing the concept of a human rights court in Russia.
Features of the activities of the ombudsmen for the protection of the rights of indigenous minorities: foreign experience
Authors: Osavelyuk A. M.
Published: June 2021

The article proposes an analysis of legislation and scientific research on the legal status of indigenous small peoples in foreign countries. Particular attention is paid to the types of public authorities and ombudsmen, the specifics of their legal status and the powers to protect the rights of indigenous peoples in different States. Specific mechanisms for the action of the law, in particular Aboriginal law based on the use of religious and moral traditions of small peoples, are proposed. Among the aspects of the legal protection of the child's interests are the discussion points of the independence of the legal status of the child and its implementation externally, including in the context of the implementation of parental rights. A special place is given to the problem of the law-making of public bodies created by indigenous peoples themselves.
Arte, tecnología y género. (Nuevos) escenarios artísticos contemporáneos para la lucha
Authors: García Sedano Marcelino
Published: June 2021

La actual resistencia política al poder desde el arte tecnológico y algunos de sus ejemplos, parten de una relectura de las teorías de biopoder y tecnopoder que deriva en nuevas formas de repensar el género. Esta reﬂexión se materializa en un activismo artístico que evoluciona históricamente desde ejemplos anteriores como el ciberfeminismo. Surgen nuevos escenarios de lucha, una nueva bioética y sin duda, un nuevo escenario político. Estas nuevas realidades representan la gran capacidad que este tipo de arte demuestra para revisar y desmontar acciones de poder preestablecidas como las que tienen lugar dentro del neoliberalismo, el esquema colonial de raza y sexo, la contemplación binaria del género y la aplicación de políticas de control basadas en prefectos morales. Este panorama con-temporáneo de disidencia artística se evidencia mediante el análisis de las obras, artistas y teóricos expuestos en esta disertación.
La puerta de España de Orán. Poder y símbolo en la frontera norteafricana
Authors: Ramírez González Sergio , Bravo Nieto Antonio
Published: June 2021

La construcción de conjuntos fortificados en el norte de África durante el siglo XVI fue una de las consecuencias más visibles de la política mediterránea de los Habsburgo hispanos, destacando por su valor los realizados en Orán. Su relevancia para la corona española fue decisiva y propició la erección de la denominada puerta de España, una de las obras más emblemáticas del periodo en la que se labró una apreciable portada de tradición renacentista. A pesar de su notabilidad dentro del patrimonio oranés, la historia constructiva de esta puerta se ha mantenido hasta el momento llena de incertidumbres y falta de un estudio global. El presente artículo pretende aportar una nueva interpretación de esta estructura, contrastando los análisis extraídos de diferentes fuentes escritas y cartográficas, amén del trabajo de campo, para de esta forma ofrecer una secuencia cronológica de su fábrica y la explicación de sus principales elementos simbólicos.
La portada del Colegio de San Pedro y San Pablo de la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (1799)
Authors: Nieto Márquez Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2021

El reinado de Carlos III supuso, dentro de la corriente modernizadora que protagonizó, la reforma de la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, que afectó a los colegios menores de fundación cisneriana y otros, pero no al Colegio de San Pedro y San Pablo, que quedaría independiente bajo su orden franciscana. En 1799 surgió la necesidad de realizar una nueva portada de acceso a dicho colegio desde el exterior, evitándose así los daños e inconvenientes que se venían produciendo a causa del acceso a través del antiguo Colegio Mayor. El presente artículo analiza las causas y el proceso de realización de dicha portada, la cual fue realizada por el arquitecto de la Universidad, Antonio Juana Jordán.
New Literacies in One Rural South African Elementary School
Authors: Albers Peggy , Seely Flint Amy
Published: June 2021

This longitudinal qualitative research study addressed a three-year professional development project, ProjectSouth Africa, we conducted in one rural elementary school, Williams Primary School in the Western Cape of SouthAfrica, with eight Reception to Grade 3 teachers. Our research investigated “What happens when teachers engage in PD that is focused on the integration of simple technologies to teach literacy?” We also studied the extent to which thisPD reflected success in children’s literacy learning, both from the teachers’ perspectives and on national and provincialstandardized tests. We situated this study theoretically in critical literacy as social practice. We adopted a transformativeconstructivist grounded theory (CGT) methodological approach (Charmaz, 2005) that centralized the phenomenastudied which contributes both to personal and societal transformation. This study presents findings from our analysisof a subset of data that focused directly on teachers’ use of technology to teach literacy. We found personal transformation in all eight teachers in their use of technology to create classrooms in which new literacies were enacted. This, we argued, led to societal transformation in that teachers shared this knowledge locally, district-wide, and with other literacy teachers and researchers at an international conference.
El mobiliario litúrgico del Real Colegio Seminario de Corpus Christi de Valencia (1603-1634). Ejemplo vivo del ideal de Trento.
Authors: Alapont Millet Teresa
Published: June 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una serie de piezas de mobiliario litúrgico de época fundacional del Real Colegio Seminario de Corpus Christi de Valencia, construido entre 1596 y 1615 y fundado por el Patriarca San Juan de Ribera. El “Colegio del Patriarca” es uno de los mayores exponentes en España de la puesta en práctica de la doctrina del Concilio de Trento (1563) en cuanto a la construcción de las iglesias y al ajuar eclesiástico. Las piezas que componen el amueblamiento de su capilla y sacristías forman una singular colección que constituye uno de los conjuntos más representativos de mobiliario litúrgico de finales del siglo XVI y primer decenio del siglo XVII, a la par que uno de los mejores ejemplos de la sinergia entre arquitectura y arte teniendo presente la norma tridentina.
Mobiliário português na colecção do museu Medeiros e Almeida
Authors: Carvalho Cristina
Published: June 2021

Nesta apresentação, pretendemos dar a conhecer algumas peças de mobiliário português de meados e segunda metade, do século XVIII, que integram a colecção reunida por António de Medeiros e Almeida (1895-1986), empresário português, apaixonado coleccionador de artes decorativas.

Época de relevo na produção nacional de mobiliário, o grupo de peças do Museu Medeiros e Almeida é representativo da excelente qualidade estética e técnica atingida neste período, o qual tantas vezes cruza a madeira exótica chegada do Brasil, com o gosto nacional da madeira entalhada, pouco profunda e seguindo padrões estéticos rococó em que as formas se contraem, desaparecendo o excesso de volumes, as ondulações acentuadas e a ostentação dourada características do barroco.

A colecção integra tipologias variadas que permitem observar a adesão aos padrões de gosto inglês e francês, cuja simbiose se revelou no móvel português.
Furniture and Interior Design in Joan Amigo's Architecture: between the Viennese Secession, the Glasgow School and Art Deco
Authors: Hernandez Tudela Anna
Published: June 2021

One of the most unknown sides of the art nouveau architect Joan Amigó Barriga is his role as interior designer. In this article, we would like to introduce the indoors created by the architect through the years, where we can observe the harmony between façades, insides and furniture. Besides, we also focus on his peculiar influence from the Vienna Secession, Glasgow School and later in the ’30s by the art déco style.
El escritorio y el mobiliario en la vida cotidiana limeña a finales del siglo XVII
Authors: Carrillo Thorne Juan Diego
Published: June 2021

Dentro del mobiliario que llegó de España desde la fundación de la ciudad de los Reyes en 1535, el escritorio es parte de la vida cotidiana; este mueble se adapta a los gustos del nuevo poblador limeño, y tiene una serie de manifestaciones en el virreinato que se ven reflejadas en su estética y material. Cumple un papel importante y diverso dentro de  los distintos espacios de las casas de morada limeñas; y está muy presente su uso en la vida cotidiana. A fines de siglo XVII, ya encontramos expresiones de dichos muebles  en las distintas ciudades del virreinato y especialmente en la capital del virreinato del Perú, del cual vamos a  escribir.
La Bella Durmiente. El mobiliario de descanso de las mujeres a finales del siglo XIX en Brasil
Authors: Malta Marize
Published: June 2021

Durante el siglo XIX, la etiqueta burguesa europea guiaba los medios de interacción social, entrando en el universo doméstico y prescribiendo comportamientos personalizados, especialmente para las mujeres. Frente a los comportamientos pasivos esperados, ¿habría habido muebles exclusivos para acomodar los cuerpos femeninos? A partir del análisis de los muebles de descanso del siglo XIX en las colecciones de los museos brasileños, de las imágenes de época producidas por los artistas brasileños (en la pintura y en la literatura) y de los cuentos de hadas, buscamos comprender, de manera crítica, las conexiones entre el mobiliario y el género, permitiendo una mejor comprensión de la construcción del lugar de la mujer burguesa en Brasil: una belleza que permanece radiante debido a un largo tiempo latente, como una bella durmiente.
Diez muebles para diez diseñadores,
Authors: Aguilar Alejandre María
Published: June 2021

Este artículo tiene como propósito mostrar la experiencia de diseño desarrollada en la primera edición del Taller de Diseño de Mobiliario con Juan Cuenca que tuvo lugar en el Centro de Creación Contemporánea de Andalucía localizado en la ciudad de Córdoba, España. También se propone analizar los muebles resultantes en relación a las ideas y conceptos previos enmarcados en la experiencia de Juan Cuenca y el Equipo 57. De esta forma, se podrá observar cómo estos conceptos han sido interpretados y desarrollados por otras generaciones de diseñadores de muebles en Andalucía, apostando así por la continuidad de esta disciplina en el sur del territorio español.
Del gótico al neogótico. Viaje cronológico a propósito del mobiliario municipal de la primitiva Casa de la Ciudad de Valencia
Authors: Iborra Bernad Federico
Published: June 2021

El presente estudio pretende exponer la evolución a lo largo del tiempo del mobiliario de las dos salas más representativas de la antigua Casa de la Ciudad de Valencia, derribada entre 1854 y 1860. La Sala Dorada se comenzó en 1418, aunque no se concluyó totalmente hasta 1448. Por su parte, la antigua Sala del Consell sufrió un incendio en 1423, por lo que tuvo que reconstruirse entre esta fecha y 1428. Ambas tuvieron sendos estrados para que los representantes de la Ciudad presidieran las reuniones municipales, con muebles originariamente del siglo XV, pero que se irían renovando con el tiempo. A través de varios dibujos y grabados, descripciones, documentación de archivo y el análisis de diferentes fragmentos reutilizados pretendemos restituir la imagen cambiante del poder urbano durante este período de cuatro siglos.
Travel-time monitoring with vibroseis
Authors: Clymer R. W. , McEvilly T. V.
Published: June 2021

The general failure of searches for precursory seismic travel-time variations associated with strike-slip earthquakes in California has led to this investigation into the feasibility of using a controlled-source seismic method to improve significantly the precision of travel-time measurements, and to investigate the nature of any detected travel-time changes. Travel times have been measured over a period of several years at sites south of Hollister, California, along the seismically active creeping zone of the San Andreas fault, using a single-channel VIBROSEIS system with real-time on-site data processing. At a site near Bear Valley, 7 km from the fault, no variations in the travel time of a deep crustal reflection were observed that could be associated with local earthquakes. However, significant variations (0.5 to 2.5 msec) of first arrival travel times observed near the Cienega Winery may have been associated with a series of nearby earthquakes and with a creep event. Major sources of measurement error have been identified in source variations and in rainfall-induced variations in near-surface properties. The former limits the precision of the deep reflection measurements to about 0.05 per cent of the travel time and the first arrival measurements to about 0.1 per cent of the travel time. The second effect is apparent as seasonal oscillations in travel time of as much as 15 to 20 msec, and also in wavelet amplitude and waveform, giving an implied travel-time accuracy of about 0.2 per cent for the deep reflection measurements and about 1 per cent for first arrivals. While these noise levels are disappointing, they can be reduced significantly by improved field procedures. Ongoing experiments are testing such procedures.
Consistency of teleseismic reporting since 1963
Authors: Habermann R. E.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Changes in the rate of occurrence of smaller events have been recognized in the rupture zones of upcoming large earthquakes in several postearthquake and one preearthquake study. A data set in which a constant portion of the events in any magnitude band are consistently reported through time is crucial for the recognition of seismicity rate changes which are real (related to some process change in the earth). Such a data set is termed a homogeneous data set.

The consistency of reporting of earthquakes in the NOAA Hypocenter Data File (HDF) since 1963 is evaluated by examining the cumulative number of events reported as a function of time for the entire world in eight magnitude bands. It is assumed that the rate of occurrence of events in the entire world is roughly constant on the time scale examined here because of the great size of the worldwide earthquake production system.

The rate of reporting of events with magnitudes above mb = 4.5 has been constant or increasing since 1963. Significant decreases in the number of events reported per month in the magnitude bands below mb = 4.4 occurred during 1968 and 1976. These decreases are interpreted as indications of decreases in detection of events for two reasons. First, they occur at times of constant rates of occurrence and reporting of larger events. Second, the decrease during the late 1960's has also been recognized in the teleseismic data reported by the International Seismological Centre (ISC). This suggests that the decrease in the number of small events reported was related to facets of the earthquake reporting system which the ISC and NOAA share. The most obvious candidate is the detection system.

During 1968, detection decreased in the United States, Central and South America, and portions of the South Pacific. This decrease is probably due to the closure of the VELA arrays, BMO, TFO, CPO, UBO, and WMO. During 1976, detection decreased in most of the seismically active regions of the western hemisphere, as well as in the region between Kamchatka and Guam. The cause of this detection decrease is unclear.

These detection decreases seriously affect the amount of homogeneous background period available for the study of teleseismic seismicity rate changes. If events below the minimum magnitude of homogeneity are eliminated from the teleseismic data sets the resulting small numbers of events render many regions unsuitable for study. Many authors have reported seismicity rate decreases as possible precursors to great earthquakes. Few of these authors have considered detection decreases as possible explanations for their results. This analysis indicates that such considerations cannot be avoided in studies of teleseismic data.
Earthquake activity at the Kodiak continental shelf, Alaska, determined by land and ocean bottom seismograph networks
Authors: Lawton Jeff , Frohlich Cliff , Pulpan Hans , Latham Gary V.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The spatial pattern of earthquakes determined by a combined land and ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) network in the Kodiak Island shelf region differs systematically from the pattern determined by a land network and from locations determined by the International Seismological Centre (ISC). As a part of a larger study of seismic risk on the continental shelf near Kodiak Island, we augmented the University of Alaska land network by deploying 11 recoverable OBS units south of Kodiak Island for 2 months in the summer of 1979. Despite a relatively short operation time and various instrument malfunctions, the combined network detected 19 locatable earthquakes in the shelf region. Because of the structural heterogeneity of this area, the earthquakes were located with a scheme which allowed different velocity models to be used for travel-time calculations of phases traveling to different stations in the network. The locations of earthquakes determined using data from both land and OBS networks were displaced about 12 km from the hypocenters of the same earthquakes determined using only land network data. For these events on the continental shelf, azimuthal control of the joint land-OBS network is excellent, and thus the joint land-OBS network locations are considerably more reliable than locations determined with the land network data alone. When the locations of the combined land-OBS network are compared to 15 yr of teleseismic locations reported by the ISC, the center of teleseismic activity appears to be about 20 to 30 km north of the center of activity determined in our study. This difference between locally determined and teleseismically determined location is similar to that observed in other studies of earthquakes and nuclear explosions in the Aleutian arc.
The Sharpsburg, Kentucky, earthquake 27 July 1980: Main shock parameters and isoseismal maps
Authors: Mauk Frederick J. , Christensen Doug , Henry Steve
Published: June 2021

abstract

An earthquake having an average body-wave magnitude of 5.1 occurred on Sunday, 27 July 1980 near Sharpsburg, Kentucky. The earthquake was widely felt throughout the Eastern United States and had a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VII in the epicentral region. The total felt area was approximately 673,000 km2. The well-constrained focal mechanism based on 128 P-wave first motions combined with other geological and seismological evidence indicates a fault plane striking N42°E, dipping 50°E with a slip vector 184° of the strike. This is a right-lateral strike-slip event with a small component of thrust. Isoseismal data strongly suggest a northeast-directed rupture. The strike is parallel to the trend of the West Hickman Creek fault zone but 30 km to the east of any known faults.
The sirch (Kerman, Iran) earthquake of 28 July 1981—A field investigation
Authors: Adeli Hojjat
Published: June 2021

abstract

On 28 July 1981 at 17:22 UTC, the Kerman province of southern Iran was shaken by the largest and the most destructive earthquake in its history. Its surface-wave magnitude was about 7.2. The epicenter of the earthquake was located about 45 km southeast of the city of Kerman, the capital of the Kerman province. The shock killed nearly 3,000 people, left more than 31,000 homeless, and destroyed virtually all buildings in the epicentral region within a radius of 30 km. The hardest hit place was the town of Sirch where about 2,000 people died out of a population of 3,500.

Surface fractures were observed in several areas, and the earthquake was apparently associated with a fresh surface normal faulting. The maximum vertical displacement was about 1 m. The maximum width of the fracture was 0.5 m. Also, extensive landsliding and numerous rockfalls were observed within the area of maximum damage.

Most houses in the epicentral area are of adobe construction, made of sundried clay brick walls, and heavy domed roofs or vaults with clay or mud mortar. Most casualties were due to the collapse of these adobe buildings. However, the performance of unreinforced or reinforced brick buildings, historical monuments, steel buildings, and other types of structures during the earthquake is also discussed in this paper.
Comparison of seismicity in the Geysers geothermal area with the surrounding region
Authors: Ludwin R. S. , Cagnetti V. , Bufe C. G.
Published: June 2021

abstract

A comparison of seismicity at The Geysers and in the surrounding region indicates that the rate of seismicity at The Geysers is 45 times the regional rate and that clustering of events in space and time is more prevalent in the region area than at The Geysers. Temporally clustered seismic events that occurred at The Geysers from September 1975 through September 1976 appear linked to regional temporal clusters located at the southern end of Clear Lake. During this period, a characteristic 2- to 6-day time lapse separated temporal clusters at The Geysers from those at Clear Lake. The two areas where these correlated clusters occurred lie on either side of a presumed magma body. Correlation between clusters in the two areas disappears after September 1976. During the period of correlated seismic episodes, regional stress changes may have been transmitted between the two areas by aseismic creep.
A dynamic model for far-field acceleration
Authors: Boatwright John
Published: June 2021

abstract

A model for the far-field acceleration radiated by an incoherent rupture is constructed by combining Madariaga's (1977) theory for the high-frequency radiation from crack models of faulting with a simple statistical source model. By extending Madariaga's results to acceleration pulses with finite durations, the peak acceleration of a pulse radiated by a single stop or start of a crack tip is shown to depend on the dynamic stress drop of the subevent, the total change in rupture velocity, and the ratio of the subevent radius to the acceleration pulse width. An incoherent rupture is approximated by a sample from a self-similar distribution of coherent subevents. Assuming the subevents fit together without overlapping, the high-frequency level of the acceleration spectra depends linearly on the rms dynamic stress drop, the average change in rupture velocity, and the square root of the overall rupture area. The high-frequency level is independent, to first order, of the rupture complexity. Following Hanks (1979), simple approximations are derived for the relation between the rms dynamic stress drop and the rms acceleration, averaged over the pulse duration. This relation necessarily depends on the shape of the body-wave spectra.

The body waves radiated by 10 small earthquakes near Monticello Dam, South Carolina, are analyzed to test these results. The average change of rupture velocity of Δv = 0.8β associated with the radiation of the acceleration pulses is estimated by comparing the rms acceleration contained in the P waves to that in the S waves. The rms dynamic stress drops of the 10 events, estimated from the rms accelerations, range from 0.4 to 1.9 bars and are strongly correlated with estimates of the apparent stress.
Worldwide distribution of group velocity of mantle Rayleigh waves as determined by spherical harmonic inversion
Authors: Nakanishi Ichiro , Anderson Don L.
Published: June 2021

abstract

We have determined the worldwide distribution of group velocity of mantle Rayleigh waves for periods between 100 and 300 sec without assuming any regionalization. Group slowness 1/u(θ, φ) is expressed by spherical harmonics, and the coefficients, up to angular order 7, have been determined from travel times of Rayleigh waves by a least-squares method. From these, u(θ, φ) has been synthesized. Since we cannot obtain information about the odd terms of the expansion from one circuit measurements around the world, we have used group velocities of mainly R2 and R3. The overall pattern of u(θ, φ) for periods between 100 and 200 sec is consistent with results of previous pure-path and regional studies. Group velocities for tectonically active regions are low, and those of the shields and the northwestern Pacific are high.
An earthquake-explosion reversed refraction line in the Peninsular Ranges of southern California and Baja California Norte
Authors: Alejandro Nava F. , Brune James N.
Published: June 2021

abstract

An approximate reversed refraction profile has been obtained for the center of the Peninsular Ranges of southern California and Baja California Norte using arrival times from Corona blasts to obtain the NW-SE profile, and arrival times from the well-located Pino Solo earthquake of 17 July 1975 to obtain the reversing SE-NW profile. The results indicate a relatively high-velocity crust, with P velocities of 6.57 to 6.95 km/sec, similar to the high velocities found by Hadley and Kanamori (1979). A crustal thickness of about 40 km was found for the axis of the Peninsular Ranges, significantly greater than was found by Hadley and Kanamori (1979) for the average crustal thickness of the northern part of the province. This suggests that the thick crust may be confined to a relatively narrow zone along the axis of the province. The crustal thickness found here is approximately 10 km less than found for the deeper crust of the Sierra Nevada (Bateman and Eaton, 1967; Pakiser and Brune, 1980).
A dipping Moho and crustal low-velocity zone fromPnarrivals at The Geysers-Clear Lake, California
Authors: Shearer Peter M. , Oppenheimer David H.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Relative Pn arrival times across an array of stations at The Geysers-Clear Lake region in northern California indicates that the upper mantle velocity is 8.0 km/sec, and that the Moho dips 5.3° at 57° to the northeast in this area, reflecting thickening of the crust toward the continent. These results agree with regional trends in the Bouguer gravity field. The travel-time residuals with respect to the dipping model suggest a crustal low-velocity zone beneath Mt. Hannah, consistent with reported teleseismic delays, and the low-velocity zone is interpreted as representing partial melt. No delays are observed in The Geysers, precluding the existence of an extensive magma body beneath the steam production area. Azimuthal variations in apparent velocity may reflect upper mantle azimuthal velocity anisotropy, but such an interpretation is uncertain due to the limited azimuthal distribution of earthquakes.
The 19 August 1976 Denizli, Turkey, earthquake: Evaluation of the strong motion accelerograph record
Authors: Ates Ref'an Can , Bayülke Nejat
Published: June 2021

abstract

On 19 August 1976, Denizli city, located at the southwest of Anatolia, was shaken by an earthquake with a magnitude 4.7 (ISC determination). The earthquake destroyed 40 houses, damaged 1284 houses heavily, and caused a loss of live of four persons. Maximum intensity of MM VI+ was observed at the city of Denizli with a population of 110,000. The strong motion accelerograph (SMA-1 Kinemetrics) installed at Denizli recorded the ground motion. This is the first strong motion record obtained in Turkey at the epicentral region of the earthquake. The strong motion accelerogram, digitized on a Bendix digitizer, baseline correction was calculated, and the acceleration, velocity, and displacement spectrums were obtained. The peak acceleration values were 0.27 g eastwest, 0.34 g north-south, and 0.21 g in vertical components of the record; relatively high for a magnitude 4.7 earthquake.

Denizli is a very developed West Anatolian city with high-rise buildings with modern structural design. It was calculated that the natural period of the buildings damaged due to the earthquake of the 19 August was high. Therefore, heavy damage on the buildings of the short natural period can be attributed to the high-frequency large-amplitude ground accelerations of the Denizli earthquake.
Conversion ofmbtoMsfor estimating the recurrence time of large earthquakes
Authors: Wyss M. , Habermann R. E.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The recurrence time (or probability of annual occurrence) of maximum credible earthquakes, Mmax, cannot be estimated directly from the mb frequency magnitude distribution because Mmax is estimated on the Ms scale. Converting Mmax to the mb scale is not an acceptable solution to this problem, primarily because the mb scale saturates for mb > 6. In addition, many large ruptures are multiple events, in which case mb is independent of Ms. Less than 16 per cent of the earthquakes included in the National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center Hypocenter Data File are assigned Ms values. Therefore, the frequency magnitude distribution is defined on the mb scale in most parts of the world. For the purpose of recurrence time estimates, we propose that the frequency magnitude distribution has to be defined by transforming mb values to Ms by the following equations

M S = [ M S i f a v a i l a b l e M L 1.8 m b − 5.2 , f o r p r e − 1963 d a t a 1.8 m b − 4.3 , f o r P D E 1963 to 1980 d a t a .

The bottom relation was obtained by straight line fits allowing for errors between 0.2 and 0.5 in both parameters. Where local networks furnish large numbers of ML values, these can be equated approximately to Ms values. Some of the procedures proposed in the literature for using the frequency-magnitude distribution for determining recurrence time of Mmax = 8 events lead to overestimates of an order of magnitude.
bValues for foreshocks and aftershocks in real and simulated earthquake sequences
Authors: Knopoff L. , Kagan Y. Y. , Knopoff R.
Published: June 2021

abstract

The differences in b values between foreshock and aftershock sequences can be shown to be a statistically significant property of real earthquake sequences if a sufficiently large number of cases is considered, i.e., if the catalogs are long enough. These differences depend on the particulars of the data processing procedures used to define the sequences, such as space-time windowing and definition of cutoff magnitude thresholds for completeness of catalogs, as well as other magnitude cutoffs. They are also a statistically significant property of long artificial, or synthetic catalogs in which all subsequent earthquakes are modeled as resulting from a stochastic time delay applied to predecessor earthquakes. As a consequence, we make the conjecture that the difference in b values is due to subtle asymmetries in data processing procedures rather than differences in the physical environment before and after a large earthquake.
Attenuation of regional phases in Western Europe
Authors: Nicolas Marc , Massinon Bernard , Mechler Pierre , Bouchon Michel
Published: June 2021

abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the attenuation of local seismic phases in France. We use the 25 short-period vertical stations of the French seismic network and select a set of six earthquakes which occurred in France or in its vicinity, and within a range of epicentral distances from 1° to 10°. We have determined the attenuation versus distance for Pn, Sn, Pg, and Lg phases and analyzed the influence of frequency. Attenuation coefficients for Pn and Sn waves are of the order of 2. They are slightly higher for Pg (2.3) and Lg (2.5) waves, but the amplitude of these waves is largely dependent on the azimuth of propagation. Lg/Pg ratios present a large scatter between 1 and 10 with a mean trend around 3 to 4. We found that the Lg anelastic attenuation coefficient is of the order of 0.2 deg−1 at 1 Hz, a result to be compared with the values of 0.07 deg−1 (Eastern United States), 0.15 deg−1 (Northern USSR), and 0.35 deg−1 (south of the Caspian Sea) obtained by Nuttli (1973, 1981). The quality factor, computed for each one of these local phases, shows a clear dependence on frequency, increasing from around 100 at 1 Hz to around 1000 at 16 Hz.
Inverting travel times with a triplication
Authors: Jarosch Hans S.
Published: June 2021

abstract

A new technique has been developed to overcome difficulties which arise when body-wave data in the form of T-delta is reduced to the tau-p form in the presence of cusps. The technique uses sophisticated constrained spline fits to allow for constraints on the derivatives and thus eliminates the possibility of points of inflexion occurring as well as making sure that the curvature is in the right direction. Having arrived at a good fit to the T-delta data with a single spline, the tau-p curve can be derived which has taken the cusp properly into consideration. The tau-p curve is then inverted with a new linear inversion method, which again takes into consideration whether a particular point lies on a prograde or retrograde branch.

The technique is applied to the lunar seismic data, where at least one triplication is presumed to occur for the P-wave travel-time curve. It is shown that the present analysis is not accurate enough to address itself to the problem of a possible lunar core, since there are insufficient data points for events close to the antipode of the center of the lunar network.
SITUS KAWASAN KAUMAN MENARA KUDUS SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SEJARAH
Authors: Rosyid Moh
Published: June 2021

This reasearch aims to illuminate the fact that cultural heritage objects could be used as a source of history instructions. This research data were obtained by the authors with interviews, observations, and  literature studies. Then, the data were analyzed with qualitative descriptive approaches. The results of this research show that Kudus in the pre-Islamic past left traces of a great civilization in the form of The Holy Tower, The Twin Arch (both in the Holy al-Aqsha Mosque) and The Breaking of Bubrah in the Kauman Area of the Holy Tower. This fact can be used as an reinforcement that past life that bequeaths cultural traces can be enjoyed by current and future generations as a source of historical learning in educational institutions must learn to college, especially historicalreviewers, archaeologists, sociologists, anthropologists and other scientists about Kudus. The task with Municipiality Kudus, DPRD Kudus, and Kudus citizens is to take care according to their respective portions.
EVALUATING THE LEVEL OF TEACHER PERFOMANCE: PEDAGOGIC, SOCIAL AND PERSONAL COMPETENCY
Authors: Puji Rully Putri Nirmala , Lestari Ratna Dwi
Published: June 2021

This study aims to evaluate the level of competency of history teachers in Jember. Competency indicators are pedagogical competence, social competence and personality competence based on the perspective of students. This research used quantitative analyzed using inference statistics to analyze differences in teacher competence according to gender and teaching experience. The research sample involved 100 students across five schools. Data analysis used SPSS with multivariate statistical tests. This study indicates a significant difference between teacher pedagogical competence based on gender and teacher social competence based on the level of teaching experience. This study reflects that competency development is still needed to improve teacher competence to improve learning quality.