bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinder: nicht alles ist eine ADHS
Authors: Polentarutti Susanne , Latal Bea
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung. Zwei Fallbeispiele illustrieren die Bedeutung einer sorgfältigen diagnostischen Vorgehensweise bei der Frage nach Vorliegen einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS). Entwicklungsstörungen und insbesondere dissoziierte Entwicklungsprofile können zu unspezifischen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten wie Unaufmerksamkeit oder Hyperaktivität führen. Die betroffenen Kinder sind besonders dann auffällig, wenn Anforderungen ihren Problembereich tangieren, also beispielsweise ein dyslektisches Kind beim Lesen. Die Symptome, welche dieses Kind zeigt, können durchaus mit denen einer ADHS verwechselt werden. Nur mittels einer umfassenden Untersuchung können Entwicklungsprobleme festgestellt und therapeutisch gezielt angegangen werden. Ohne ein solches Vorgehen besteht die Gefahr, dass die tatsächlich zugrundeliegenden Ursachen der Verhaltensauffälligkeiten übersehen und als ADHS missinterpretiert werden. Aber auch wenn eine ADHS besteht, ist eine sorgfältige Abklärung wichtig, um allfällige Komorbiditäten diagnostizieren und therapieren zu können. Eine Verstärkung von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten im schulischen Kontext mit den erhöhten sozialen und kognitiven Anforderungen passt dann zur Diagnose einer ADHS. Nicht selten sind Verlaufskontrollen nötig, um Diagnosen im Verlauf zu re-evaluieren und gegebenenfalls zu revidieren.
Emotionsregulation
Authors: Riechmann Elke , Sattler Frank A. , Christiansen Hanna , Chavanon Mira-Lynn
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung. Obwohl inzwischen durchaus ein Konsensus darüber besteht, dass Emotionen und Emotionsregulation von klinischer Relevanz für die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter und deren Verlauf sind, existieren in der Literatur noch sehr unterschiedliche Vorstellungen über die Konzeption von Emotion, Emotionsregulation und die Dysfunktionen, die in diesen Bereichen bei ADHS von Bedeutung sein können. Im vorliegenden ersten Teil unserer Übersichtsarbeit werden wir zunächst darlegen, warum Emotionen und Emotionsregulation klinisch relevant sind. Anschließend werden das gängige Modell der Emotionsregulation von Gross (2015) und drei konkurrierende Modellvorstellungen ( Shaw et al., 2014 ) über den Zusammenhang von ADHS und Emotionsregulation skizziert. Ausgehend von der Modellannahme, dass Emotionen zeitlich begrenzte, qualitativ beschreibbare Zustände sind, die mit einer Veränderung auf Ebene der Gefühle, des Ausdrucks und körperlicher Zustände einhergehen, werden wir zunächst einen narrativen Überblick zum aktuellen Forschungsstand für die Emotionskomponenten des Erlebens und Ausdrucks geben und diesen in Hinblick auf Anwendung und zukünftige Forschung diskutieren.
Minimum information about a single amplified genome (MISAG) and a metagenome-assembled genome (MIMAG) of bacteria and archaea
Authors:   The Genome Standards Consortium, Bowers Robert M , Kyrpides Nikos C , Stepanauskas Ramunas , Harmon-Smith Miranda , Doud Devin , Reddy T B K , Schulz Frederik , Jarett Jessica , Rivers Adam R , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley A , Tringe Susannah G , Ivanova Natalia N , Copeland Alex , Clum Alicia , Becraft Eric D , Malmstrom Rex R , Birren Bruce , Podar Mircea , Bork Peer , Weinstock George M , Garrity George M , Dodsworth Jeremy A , Yooseph Shibu , Sutton Granger , Glöckner Frank O , Gilbert Jack A , Nelson William C , Hallam Steven J , Jungbluth Sean P , Ettema Thijs J G , Tighe Scott , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T , Liu Wen-Tso , Baker Brett J , Rattei Thomas , Eisen Jonathan A , Hedlund Brian , McMahon Katherine D , Fierer Noah , Knight Rob , Finn Rob , Cochrane Guy , Karsch-Mizrachi Ilene , Tyson Gene W , Rinke Christian , Lapidus Alla , Meyer Folker , Yilmaz Pelin , Parks Donovan H , Murat Eren A , Schriml Lynn , Banfield Jillian F , Hugenholtz Philip , Woyke Tanja
Published: August 2017

We present two standards developed by the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC) for reporting bacterial and archaeal genome sequences. Both are extensions of the Minimum Information about Any (x) Sequence (MIxS). The standards are the Minimum Information about a Single Amplified Genome (MISAG) and the Minimum Information about a Metagenome-Assembled Genome (MIMAG), including, but not limited to, assembly quality, and estimates of genome completeness and contamination. These standards can be used in combination with other GSC checklists, including the Minimum Information about a Genome Sequence (MIGS), Minimum Information about a Metagenomic Sequence (MIMS), and Minimum Information about a Marker Gene Sequence (MIMARKS). Community-wide adoption of MISAG and MIMAG will facilitate more robust comparative genomic analyses of bacterial and archaeal diversity.
Correction: Corrigendum: Allelic variation contributes to bacterial host specificity
Authors: Yue Min , Han Xiangan , De Masi Leon , Zhu Chunhong , Ma Xun , Zhang Junjie , Wu Renwei , Schmieder Robert , Kaushik Radhey S. , Fraser George P. , Zhao Shaohua , McDermott Patrick F. , Weill François-Xavier , Mainil Jacques G. , Arze Cesar , Fricke W. Florian , Edwards Robert A. , Brisson Dustin , Zhang Nancy R. , Rankin Shelley C. , Schifferli Dieter M.
Published: August 2017

Nature Communications 6 Article: 8754 (2015); Published: 30 Octomber 2015; Updated: 8 August 2017 In Fig. 3 of this Article, the numbers of isolates studied for the fimH41_Newp, fimH44_Newp and fimH45_Newp alleles were inadvertently swapped. The correct version of Fig. 3 appears below as Fig. 1.
Spatial genomic heterogeneity in multiple myeloma revealed by multi-region sequencing
Authors: Rasche L. , Chavan S. S. , Stephens O. W. , Patel P. H. , Tytarenko R. , Ashby C. , Bauer M. , Stein C. , Deshpande S. , Wardell C. , Buzder T. , Molnar G. , Zangari M. , van Rhee F. , Thanendrarajan S. , Schinke C. , Epstein J. , Davies F. E. , Walker B. A. , Meissner T. , Barlogie B. , Morgan G. J. , Weinhold N.
Published: August 2017

In multiple myeloma malignant plasma cells expand within the bone marrow. Since this site is well-perfused, a rapid dissemination of “fitter” clones may be anticipated. However, an imbalanced distribution of multiple myeloma is frequently observed in medical imaging. Here, we perform multi-region sequencing, including iliac crest and radiology-guided focal lesion specimens from 51 patients to gain insight into the spatial clonal architecture. We demonstrate spatial genomic heterogeneity in more than 75% of patients, including inactivation of CDKN2C and TP53, and mutations affecting mitogen-activated protein kinase genes. We show that the extent of spatial heterogeneity is positively associated with the size of biopsied focal lesions consistent with regional outgrowth of advanced clones. The results support a model for multiple myeloma progression with clonal sweeps in the early phase and regional evolution in advanced disease. We suggest that multi-region investigations are critical to understanding intra-patient heterogeneity and the evolutionary processes in multiple myeloma.
RGD delivery of truncated coagulase to tumor vasculature affords local thrombotic activity to induce infarction of tumors in mice
Authors: Jahanban-Esfahlan Rana , Seidi Khaled , Monhemi Hassan , Adli Amir Daei Farshchi , Minofar Babak , Zare Peyman , Farajzadeh Davoud , Farajnia Safar , Behzadi Ramezan , Abbasi Mehran Mesgari , Zarghami Nosratollah , Javaheri Tahereh
Published: August 2017

Induction of thrombosis in tumor vasculature represents an appealing strategy for combating cancer. Herein, we combined unique intrinsic coagulation properties of staphylocoagulase with new acquired functional potentials introduced by genetic engineering, to generate a novel bi-functional fusion protein consisting of truncated coagulase (tCoa) bearing an RGD motif on its C-terminus for cancer therapy. We demonstrated that free coagulase failed to elicit any significant thrombotic activity. Conversely, RGD delivery of coagulase retained coagulase activity and afforded favorable interaction of fusion proteins with prothrombin and αvβ3 endothelial cell receptors, as verified by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo experiments. Although free coagulase elicited robust coagulase activity in vitro, only targeted coagulase (tCoa-RGD) was capable of producing extensive thrombosis, and subsequent infarction and massive necrosis of CT26 mouse colon, 4T1 mouse mammary and SKOV3 human ovarian tumors in mice. Additionally, systemic injections of lower doses of tCoa-RGD produced striking tumor growth inhibition of CT26, 4T1 and SKOV3 solid tumors in animals. Altogether, the nontoxic nature, unique shortcut mechanism, minimal effective dose, wide therapeutic window, efficient induction of thrombosis, local effects and susceptibility of human blood to coagulase suggest tCoa-RGD fusion proteins as a novel and promising anticancer therapy for human trials.
Coding and small non-coding transcriptional landscape of tuberous sclerosis complex cortical tubers: implications for pathophysiology and treatment
Authors: Mills James D. , Iyer Anand M. , van Scheppingen Jackelien , Bongaarts Anika , Anink Jasper J. , Janssen Bart , Zimmer Till S. , Spliet Wim G. , van Rijen Peter C. , Jansen Floor E. , Feucht Martha , Hainfellner Johannes A. , Krsek Pavel , Zamecnik Josef , Kotulska Katarzyna , Jozwiak Sergiusz , Jansen Anna , Lagae Lieven , Curatolo Paolo , Kwiatkowski David J. , Pasterkamp R. Jeroen , Senthilkumar Ketharini , von Oerthel Lars , Hoekman Marco F. , Gorter Jan A. , Crino Peter B. , Mühlebner Angelika , Scicluna Brendon P. , Aronica Eleonora
Published: August 2017

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disorder that results from a mutation in theTSC1orTSC2genes leading to constitutive activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). TSC is associated with autism, intellectual disability and severe epilepsy. Cortical tubers are believed to represent the neuropathological substrates of these disabling manifestations in TSC. In the presented study we used high-throughput RNA sequencing in combination with systems-based computational approaches to investigate the complexity of the TSC molecular network. Overall we detected 438 differentially expressed genes and 991 differentially expressed small non-coding RNAs in cortical tubers compared to autopsy control brain tissue. We observed increased expression of genes associated with inflammatory, innate and adaptive immune responses. In contrast, we observed a down-regulation of genes associated with neurogenesis and glutamate receptor signaling. MicroRNAs represented the largest class of over-expressed small non-coding RNA species in tubers. In particular, our analysis revealed that the miR-34 family (including miR-34a, miR-34b and miR-34c) was significantly over-expressed. Functional studies demonstrated the ability of miR-34b to modulate neurite outgrowth in mouse primary hippocampal neuronal cultures. This study provides new insights into the TSC transcriptomic network along with the identification of potential new treatment targets.
Exactly solvable model for a velocity jump observed in crack propagation in viscoelastic solids
Authors: Sakumichi Naoyuki , Okumura Ko
Published: August 2017

Needs to impart appropriate elasticity and high toughness to viscoelastic polymer materials are ubiquitous in industries such as concerning automobiles and medical devices. One of the major problems to overcome for toughening is catastrophic failure linked to a velocity jump, i.e., a sharp transition in the velocity of crack propagation occurred in a narrow range of the applied load. However, its physical origin has remained an enigma despite previous studies over 60 years. Here, we propose an exactly solvable model that exhibits the velocity jump incorporating linear viscoelasticity with a cutoff length for a continuum description. With the exact solution, we elucidate the physical origin of the velocity jump: it emerges from a dynamic glass transition in the vicinity of the propagating crack tip. We further quantify the velocity jump together with slow- and fast-velocity regimes of crack propagation, which would stimulate the development of tough polymer materials.
LC3A Silencing Hinders Aggresome Vimentin Cage Clearance in Primary Choroid Plexus Carcinoma
Authors: Nassar Marwa , Samaha Heba , Ghabriel Myret , Yehia Maha , Taha Hala , Salem Sherin , Shaaban Khaled , Omar Mariam , Ahmed Nabil , El-Naggar Shahenda
Published: August 2017

Aggresomes are transient microtubule-dependent inclusion bodies that sequester misfolded proteins and are ultimately removed by autophagy. Here we report the generation of a choroid plexus carcinoma cell line; Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE)-45, which is characterized by the constitutive formation of aggresomes. When examining the autophagy pathway as the main route for aggresomes clearance, CCHE-45 cells displayed increased autophagy flux mediated by MAP1LC3B. MAP1LC3A-Variant1 gene expression was silenced by promoter methylation. Restoring MAP1LC3A-Variant1 expression resulted in the formation of MAP1LC3A positive autophagosmes and the disruption of the aggresomes' vimentin cage independent of MAP1LC3B positive autophagosomes. Our data supports the notion that basal quality control autophagy and vimentin cage clearance in CCHE-45 are mediated by MAP1LC3A. Hence we propose that absence of MAP1LC3A disrupts the autophagic pathway and leads to the failure of aggresome vimentin cage degradation. Consequently, this could represent a targetable pathway in autophagy-dependent cancers.
A Low Permeability Microfluidic Blood-Brain Barrier Platform with Direct Contact between Perfusable Vascular Network and Astrocytes
Authors: Bang Seokyoung , Lee Seung-Ryeol , Ko Jihoon , Son Kyungmin , Tahk Dongha , Ahn Jungho , Im Changkyun , Jeon Noo Li
Published: August 2017

A novel three dimensional blood brain barrier (BBB) platform was developed by independently supplying different types of media to separate cell types within a single device. One channel (vascular channel, VC) is connected to the inner lumen of the vascular network while the other supplies media to the neural cells (neural channel, NC). Compared to co-cultures supplied with only one type of medium (or 1:1 mixture), best barrier properties and viability were obtained with culturing HUVECs with endothelial growth medium (EGM) and neural cells with neurobasal medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (NBMFBS) independently. The measured vascular network permeability were comparable to reported in vivo values (20 kDa FITC-dextran, 0.45 ± 0.11 × 10−6 cm/s; 70 kDa FITC-dextran, 0.36 ± 0.05 × 10−6 cm/s) and a higher degree of neurovascular interfacing (astrocytic contact with the vascular network, GFAP-CD31 stain overlap) and presence of synapses (stained with synaptophysin). The BBB platform can dependably imitate the perivascular network morphology and synaptic structures characteristic of the NVU. This microfluidic BBB model can find applications in screening pharmaceuticals that target the brain for in neurodegenerative diseases.
Dynamic modulation of Poincaré beams
Authors: Alpmann C. , Schlickriede C. , Otte E. , Denz C.
Published: August 2017

Generation of complex Poincaré beams is enabled by amplitude and phase modulation accompanied by simultaneous spatially polarization structuring. A holographic system to tailor complex light fields and optical angular momentum structures forecasts promising applications in quantum communication and optical trapping. Experimental results are presented together with simulations of complex Poincaré beams embedding different types of polarization singularities. Additionally, parameters of the dynamic polarization modulation system are discussed and analyzed to demonstrate the enormous capability of the method.
Bioenergy application of Dunaliella salina SA 134 grown at various salinity levels for lipid production
Authors: Ahmed Rajper Aftab , He Meilin , Aftab Rajper Asma , Zheng Shiyan , Nagi Mostafa , Bakri Ramadan , Wang Changhai
Published: August 2017

The biofuels are receiving considerable attention as a substitute for petro diesel. For microalgae, the cell density or biomass and lipid contents are key components for biodiesel production. This study was conducted to develop favorable culture conditions for Dunaliella salina to maximize its biomass and lipid accumulation. The effect of salinity (0.5 to 2.5 M NaCl) on the cell population, biochemical composition, and lipid output of Dunaliella salina was examined under a controlled environment for 21 days. Maximum growth (6.57 × 107 to 7.17 × 107cells mL−1) potentials were observed at 1.5 to 2 M NaCl. The photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrates also showed trends similar to growth. The maximum carotenoid level (5.16 mg L−1) was recorded at 2 M NaCl. Almost all physicochemical parameters increased with increases in salinity, biomass (1231.66 ± 1.26 mg L−1) and lipid content (248.33 mg L−1), as recorded at 2 M NaCl. Based on fluorescence intensity, the highest values (11.84 × 107cells/ml) of neutral lipids and total lipids (22.28%) were recorded at optimum salinity levels. The present study suggests that a high biomass and lipid accumulation of Dunaliella salina SA 134 could be obtained at the 2 M NaCl level.
Stochastic model of contact inhibition and the proliferation of melanoma in situ
Authors: Morais Mauro César Cafundó , Stuhl Izabella , Sabino Alan U. , Lautenschlager Willian W. , Queiroga Alexandre S. , Tortelli Tharcisio Citrangulo , Chammas Roger , Suhov Yuri , Ramos Alexandre F.
Published: August 2017

Contact inhibition is a central feature orchestrating cell proliferation in culture experiments; its loss is associated with malignant transformation and tumorigenesis. We performed a co-culture experiment with human metastatic melanoma cell line (SKMEL- 147) and immortalized keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). After 8 days a spatial pattern was detected, characterized by the formation of clusters of melanoma cells surrounded by keratinocytes constraining their proliferation. In addition, we observed that the proportion of melanoma cells within the total population has increased. To explain our results we propose a spatial stochastic model (following a philosophy of the Widom-Rowlinson model from Statistical Physics and Molecular Chemistry) which considers cell proliferation, death, migration, and cell-to-cell interaction through contact inhibition. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that loss of contact inhibition is a sufficient mechanism, appropriate for an explanation of the increase in the proportion of tumor cells and generation of spatial patterns established in the conducted experiments.
Q-factor enhancement of Fano resonance in all-dielectric metasurfaces by modulating meta-atom interactions
Authors: Sun Guanghou , Yuan Lierong , Zhang Yi , Zhang Xuejin , Zhu Yongyuan
Published: August 2017

We numerically investigated the effects of meta-atom interactions on the Fano resonance in all-dielectric metasurfaces by introducing alternately flipped asymmetric paired bars (APBs) and split asymmetric paired bars (SAPBs). With alternately flipped configurations, the Q-factor of the Fano resonance is significantly enhanced up to one order of magnitude, and the electric field is strengthened by more than twice. Abnormally, the Q-factor increases with gap size in the alternately flipped SAPBs. These are attributed to the destructive interaction among nearest-neighbor dipole resonators. The Q-factor of 108 and Raman enhancement factor of 109 in the gap can be realized with the alternately flipped SAPBs made of Si. Our study provides a way to improve performance of practical devices such as ultrasensitive sensors, nonlinear optics, and quantum emitters.
Direct Ink Write (DIW) 3D Printed Cellulose Nanocrystal Aerogel Structures
Authors: Li Vincent Chi-Fung , Dunn Conner K. , Zhang Zhe , Deng Yulin , Qi H. Jerry
Published: August 2017

Pure cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) aerogels with controlled 3D structures and inner pore architecture are printed using the direct ink write (DIW) technique. While traditional cellulosic aerogel processing approaches lack the ability to easily fabricate complete aerogel structures, DIW 3D printing followed by freeze drying can overcome this shortcoming and can produce CNC aerogels with minimal structural shrinkage or damage. The resultant products have great potential in applications such as tissue scaffold templates, drug delivery, packaging, etc., due to their inherent sustainability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Various 3D structures are successfully printed without support material, and the print quality can be improved with increasing CNC concentration and printing resolution. Dual pore CNC aerogel scaffolds are also successfully printed, where the customizable 3D structure and inner pore architecture can potentially enable advance CNC scaffold designs suited for specific cell integration requirements.
Half-spaced substrate integrated spoof surface plasmon polaritons based transmission line
Authors: Zhu Jian Feng , Liao Shao Wei , Li Shu Fang , Xue Quan
Published: August 2017

In this paper, a new spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) based transmission line (TL) with semi-open structure is proposed, which is implemented on a single-layer substrate with metallized via holes planted on a ground plane. The electromagnetic (EM) power propagates along it in the form of controlled slow surface wave, which is the same with its existing counterparts. The proposed TL can adjust the degree of EM energy confinement, and thus balance its performance in every characteristic, in particular attenuation and interference. As the TL is semi-open (i.e., EM energy distributes in the half space above the ground plane), it is less vulnerable to the nearby interference compared with its former counterparts, which are fully-open structure (i.e., EM energy distributes in the full space). Prototypes working at Ka band are fabricated and measured. Bianco-Parodi (BP) method is used to derive the attenuation of the proposed TL from the measured S-parameters. The proposed structure can be easily scaled for THz applications, which opens the door for future high performance THz components and systems.
The synchronous improvement of strength and plasticity (SISP) in new Ni-Co based disc superalloys by controling stacking fault energy
Authors: Xu H. , Zhang Z. J. , Zhang P. , Cui C. Y. , Jin T. , Zhang Z. F.
Published: August 2017

It is a great challenge to improve the strength of disc superalloys without great loss of plasticity together since the microstructures benefiting the strength always do not avail the plasticity. Interestingly, this study shows that the trade-off relationship between strength and plasticity can be broken through decreasing stacking fault energy (SFE) in newly developed Ni-Co based disc superalloys. Axial tensile tests in the temperature range of 25 to 725 °C were carried out in these alloys with Co content ranging from 5% to 23% (wt.%). It is found that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and uniform elongation (UE) are improved synchronously when microtwinning is activated by decreasing the SFE at 650 and 725 °C. In contrast, only UTS is improved when stacking fault (SF) dominates the plastic deformation at 25 and 400 °C. These results may be helpful for designing advanced disc superalloys with relatively excellent strength and plasticity simultaneously.
Continuous Production of Macroporous Films: an Alternative to Breath Figure Assembly
Authors: Noor Nazia , Koll Joachim , Abetz Clarissa , Notzke Heiko , Abetz Volker
Published: August 2017

Despite the need for sophisticated instrumentation, breath figure assembly (BFA) methods are restricted to produce macroporous films on a tiny scale so far. The current study narrates the fabrication of macroporous films in hollow fiber geometry which extends to adopt the method for continuous production of isoporous surfaces from commercially available low-priced polymer materials. The fabrication of the films in the hollow fiber geometry is carried out by a co-centric quadruple orifice spinneret through which four different liquids are co-extruded simultaneously: bore fluid (to fill the lumen of the fiber), support layer solution, glycerol, and an isoporous film forming solution through the outer most orifice. The extruded entities plunge into a coagulation bath after passing a definite air gap. The implementation of the concept of diffuse-in, droplet formation, and then condense-out behavior of glycerol in a co-extrusion method of hollow fiber spinning makes macroporous film formation possible in an interminable way sidestepping the use of breath figure assembly method. Moreover, the continuous film formation by the proposed mechanism is also authenticated in flat sheet geometry by employing two casting blades in a casting machine. The structure of the films is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Screening drug-target interactions with positive-unlabeled learning
Authors: Peng Lihong , Zhu Wen , Liao Bo , Duan Yu , Chen Min , Chen Yi , Yang Jialiang
Published: August 2017

Identifying drug-target interaction (DTI) candidates is crucial for drug repositioning. However, usually only positive DTIs are deposited in known databases, which challenges computational methods to predict novel DTIs due to the lack of negative samples. To overcome this dilemma, researchers usually randomly select negative samples from unlabeled drug-target pairs, which introduces a lot of false-positives. In this study, a negative sample extraction method named NDTISE is first developed to screen strong negative DTI examples based on positive-unlabeled learning. A novel DTI screening framework, PUDTI, is then designed to infer new drug repositioning candidates by integrating NDTISE, probabilities that remaining ambiguous samples belong to the positive and negative classes, and an SVM-based optimization model. We investigated the effectiveness of NDTISE on a DTI data provided by NCPIS. NDTISE is much better than random selection and slightly outperforms NCPIS. We then compared PUDTI with 6 state-of-the-art methods on 4 classes of DTI datasets from human enzymes, ion channels, GPCRs and nuclear receptors. PUDTI achieved the highest AUC among the 7 methods on all 4 datasets. Finally, we validated a few top predicted DTIs through mining independent drug databases and literatures. In conclusion, PUDTI provides an effective pre-filtering method for new drug design.
How context alters value: The brain’s valuation and affective regulation system link price cues to experienced taste pleasantness
Authors: Schmidt Liane , Skvortsova Vasilisa , Kullen Claus , Weber Bernd , Plassmann Hilke
Published: August 2017

Informational cues such as the price of a wine can trigger expectations about its taste quality and thereby modulate the sensory experience on a reported and neural level. Yet it is unclear how the brain translates such expectations into sensory pleasantness. We used a whole-brain multilevel mediation approach with healthy participants who tasted identical wines cued with different prices while their brains were scanned using fMRI. We found that the brain’s valuation system (BVS) in concert with the anterior prefrontal cortex played a key role in implementing the effect of price cues on taste pleasantness ratings. The sensitivity of the BVS to monetary rewards outside the taste domain moderated the strength of these effects. These findings provide novel evidence for the fundamental role that neural pathways linked to motivation and affective regulation play for the effect of informational cues on sensory experiences.
Te-based chalcogenide materials for selector applications
Authors: Velea A. , Opsomer K. , Devulder W. , Dumortier J. , Fan J. , Detavernier C. , Jurczak M. , Govoreanu B.
Published: August 2017

The implementation of dense, one-selector one-resistor (1S1R), resistive switching memory arrays, can be achieved with an appropriate selector for correct information storage and retrieval. Ovonic threshold switches (OTS) based on chalcogenide materials are a strong candidate, but their low thermal stability is one of the key factors that prevents rapid adoption by emerging resistive switching memory technologies. A previously developed map for phase change materials is expanded and improved for OTS materials. Selected materials from different areas of the map, belonging to binary Ge-Te and Si-Te systems, are explored. Several routes, including Si doping and reduction of Te amount, are used to increase the crystallization temperature. Selector devices, with areas as small as 55 × 55 nm2, were electrically assessed. Sub-threshold conduction models, based on Poole-Frenkel conduction mechanism, are applied to fresh samples in order to extract as-processed material parameters, such as trap height and density of defects, tailoring of which could be an important element for designing a suitable OTS material. Finally, a glass transition temperature estimation model is applied to Te-based materials in order to predict materials that might have the required thermal stability. A lower average number of p-electrons is correlated with a good thermal stability.
Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity of the Random Multilayer Structure with Lattice Imperfections
Authors: Chakraborty Pranay , Cao Lei , Wang Yan
Published: August 2017

Randomizing the layer thickness of superlattices (SL) can lead to localization of coherent phonons and thereby reduces the lattice thermal conductivity κ
l
. In this work, we propose strategies that can suppress incoherent phonon transport in the above random multilayer (RML) structure to further reduce κ
l
. Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to investigate phonon heat conduction in SLs and RMLs with lattice imperfections. We found that interfacial species mixing enhances thermal transport across single interfaces and few-period SLs through the phonon “bridge” mechanism, while it substantially reduces the κ
l
of many-period SLs by breaking the phonon coherence. This is a clear manifestation of the transition from incoherent-phonon-dominated to coherent-phonon-dominated heat conduction in SLs when the number of interface increases. In contrast, interfacial species mixing always increases the κ
l
of RMLs owing to the dominance of incoherent phonons. Moreover, we found that doping a binary RML with impurities can reduce κ
l
significantly, especially when the impurity atom has an atomic mass lower or higher than both of the two base elements. This work reveals the critical effect of lattice imperfections on thermal transport in SLs and RMLs, and provides a unique strategy to hierachically suppress coherent and incoherent phonon transport concurrently.
Spatially modulated thermal light in atomic medium for enhanced ghost imaging
Authors: Cao Mingtao , Wang Jinwen , Yang Xin , Qiu Shuwei , Gao Hong , Li Fuli
Published: August 2017

Recent years have seen vast progress in image modulation based on atomic media, with potential applications in both classical optical imaging and quantum imaging regions. However, there have been few investigations of how thermal light images interact with an electromagnetically induced transparent medium. In this letter, we experimentally demonstrate pseudo-thermal light modulation on coherent population trapping conditions in 87Rb vapor. By introducing the Laguerre-Gaussian beam as the control beam and the encoded speckle as the probe beam, we obtained sharper speckle patterns after the atom cell compared with that in free space. The spatially modulated thermal light was then used to enhance the image resolution in ghost imaging of which the resolution was enhanced by factor 3, since the ghost image resolution is heavily reliant on the speckle’s transverse coherent length. Our results are promising for potential applications in high resolution ghost imaging and image metrology, image processing and biomedical imaging.
MicroRNA-214 modulates neural progenitor cell differentiation by targeting Quaking during cerebral cortex development
Authors: Shu Pengcheng , Fu Hongye , Zhao Xiangyu , Wu Chao , Ruan Xiangbin , Zeng Yi , Liu Wei , Wang Ming , Hou Lin , Chen Pan , Yin Bin , Yuan Jiangang , Qiang Boqin , Peng Xiaozhong
Published: August 2017

The accurate generation of an appropriate number of different neuronal and glial subtypes is fundamental to normal brain functions and requires tightly orchestrated spatial and temporal developmental programmes to maintain the balance between the proliferation and the differentiation of neural progenitor cells. However, the molecular mechanism governing this process has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that miR-214-3p was highly expressed in neural progenitor cells and dynamically regulated during neocortical development. Moreover, our in vivo and in vitro studies showed that miR-214 inhibited self-renewal of neural progenitor cells and promoted neurogenesis. In addition, after target screening, we identified miR-214 targets including Quaking (Qki) by binding the 3′- untranslated region (3′-UTR) of the Qki mRNA, which was specifically expressed in the progenitor cells of the proliferative ventricular zone as 3 Qki isoforms. Furthermore, overexpression and knockdown of Qki showed that the different isoforms of Qki had different functions in the regulation of neural progenitor cells differentiation. Moreover, overexpression of Qki could counteract the function of miR-214 in neurogenesis. Our results revealed that miR-214 maintains the balance between neural progenitor/stem cell proliferation and differentiation together with Quaking, its target gene.
Cellular toxicity pathways of inorganic and methyl mercury in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Beauvais-Flück Rebecca , Slaveykova Vera I. , Cosio Claudia
Published: August 2017

Contamination by mercury (Hg) is a worldwide concern because of Hg toxicity and biomagnification in aquatic food webs. Nevertheless, bioavailability and cellular toxicity pathways of inorganic (IHg) and methyl-Hg (MeHg) remain poorly understood. We analyzed the uptake, transcriptomic, and physiological responses in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to IHg or MeHg. Bioavailability of MeHg was up to 27× higher than for IHg. Genes involved in cell processes, energy metabolism and transport were dysregulated by both Hg species. Physiological analysis revealed an impact on photosynthesis and reduction–oxidation reaction metabolism. Nevertheless, MeHg dysregulated a larger number of genes and with a stronger fold-change than IHg at equivalent intracellular concentration. Analysis of the perturbations of the cell’s functions helped to derive a detailed mechanistic understanding of differences in cellular handling of IHg and MeHg resulting in MeHg having a stronger impact. This knowledge is central for the prediction of impact of toxicants on organisms.
Atomic Force Microscopy micro-rheology reveals large structural inhomogeneities in single cell-nuclei
Authors: Lherbette Michael , dos Santos Ália , Hari-Gupta Yukti , Fili Natalia , Toseland Christopher P. , Schaap Iwan A. T.
Published: August 2017

During growth, differentiation and migration of cells, the nucleus changes size and shape, while encountering forces generated by the cell itself and its environment. Although there is increasing evidence that such mechanical signals are employed to control gene expression, it remains unclear how mechanical forces are transduced through the nucleus. To this end, we have measured the compliance of nuclei by applying oscillatory strains between 1 and 700 Hz to individual nuclei of multiple mammalian cell-lines that were compressed between two plates. The quantitative response varied with more than one order of magnitude and scaled with the size of the nucleus. Surprisingly, the qualitative behaviour was conserved among different cell-lines: all nuclei showed a softer and more viscous response towards the periphery, suggesting a reduced degree of crosslinking of the chromatin. This may be an important feature to regulate transcription via mechano-transduction in this most active and dynamic region of the nucleus.
Ising Ferromagnets on Proximity Graphs with Varying Disorder of the Node Placement
Authors: Schawe Hendrik , Norrenbrock Christoph , Hartmann Alexander K.
Published: August 2017

We perform Monte Carlo simulations to determine the critical temperatures of Ising Ferromagnets (IFM) on different types of two-dimensional proximity graphs, in which the distribution of their underlying node sets has been changed systematically by means of a parameter σ. This allows us to interpolate between regular grids and proximity graphs based on complete random placement of nodes. Each edge of the planar proximity graphs carries a weighted ferromagnetic coupling. The coupling strengths are determined via the Euclidean distances between coupled spins. The simulations are carried out on graphs withN = 162toN = 1282nodes utilising the Wolff cluster algorithm and parallel tempering method in a wide temperature range around the critical point to measure the Binder cumulant in order to obtain the critical temperature for different values of σ. Interestingly, the critical temperatures depend partially non-monotonously on the disorder parameter σ, corresponding to a non-monotonous change of the graph structure. For completeness, we further verify using finite-size scaling methods that the IFM on proximity graphs is for all values of the disorder in the same universality class as the IFM on the two-dimensional square lattice.
Pterostilbene exerts anticancer activity on non-small-cell lung cancer via activating endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Ma Zhiqiang , Yang Yang , Di Shouyin , Feng Xiao , Liu Dong , Jiang Shuai , Hu Wei , Qin Zhigang , Li Yue , Lv Jianjun , Fan Chongxi , Yan Xiaolong , Li Xiaofei
Published: August 2017

Pterostilbene (PT), the natural dimethylated analog of resveratrol (RSV), is a potent anticarcinogen for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its anti-NSCLC mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we show that PT treatment time- and dose-dependently enhanced the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) signaling (i.e., p-PERK, IRE1, ATF4, CHOP), thus decreasing the cell viability and inducing apoptosis in human PC9 and A549 NSCLC cell lines. Moreover, the decreased migratory and adhesive abilities, downregulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Caspase 3 activity and mitochondrial membrane depolarization were observed in NSCLC cells treated with PT. These effects were reversed by CHOP siRNA which inhibited the ERS signaling pathway, but were promoted by thapsigargin (a classical ERS inducer) in vitro. Besides, in vivo studies also verify that PT exerted anticancer activity by mobilizing ERS signaling and apoptosis-related proteins, and these effects were enhanced by thapsigargin. Therefore, ERS activation may represent a new mechanism of anti-NSCLC action by PT, and a novel therapeutic intervention for lung cancer.
Fine tuning and MOND in a metamaterial “multiverse”
Authors: Smolyaninov Igor I. , Smolyaninova Vera N.
Published: August 2017

We consider the recently suggested model of a multiverse based on a ferrofluid. When the ferrofluid is subjected to a modest external magnetic field, the nanoparticles inside the ferrofluid form small hyperbolic metamaterial domains, which from the electromagnetic standpoint behave as individual “Minkowski universes” exhibiting different “laws of physics”, such as different strength of effective gravity, different versions of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) and different radiation lifetimes. When the ferrofluid “multiverse” is populated with atomic or molecular species, and these species are excited using an external laser source, the radiation lifetimes of atoms and molecules in these “universes” depend strongly on the individual physical properties of each “universe” via the Purcell effect. Some “universes” are better fine-tuned than others to sustain the excited states of these species. Thus, the ferrofluid-based metamaterial “multiverse” may be used to study models of MOND and to illustrate the fine-tuning mechanism in cosmology.
Brain antibodies in the cortex and blood of people with schizophrenia and controls
Authors: Glass L J , Sinclair D , Boerrigter D , Naude K , Fung S J , Brown D , Catts V S , Tooney P , O'Donnell M , Lenroot R , Galletly C , Liu D , Weickert T W , Shannon Weickert C
Published: August 2017

The immune system is implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, with elevated proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs found in the brains of ~40% of individuals with the disorder. However, it is not clear if antibodies (specifically immunoglobulin-γ (IgG)) can be found in the brain of people with schizophrenia and if their abundance relates to brain inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels. Therefore, we investigated the localization and abundance of IgG in the frontal cortex of people with schizophrenia and controls, and the impact of proinflammatory cytokine status on IgG abundance in these groups. Brain IgGs were detected surrounding blood vessels in the human and non-human primate frontal cortex by immunohistochemistry. IgG levels did not differ significantly between schizophrenia cases and controls, or between schizophrenia cases in ‘high’ and ‘low’ proinflammatory cytokine subgroups. Consistent with the existence of IgG in the parenchyma of human brain, mRNA and protein of the IgG transporter (FcGRT) were present in the brain, and did not differ according to diagnosis or inflammatory status. Finally, brain-reactive antibody presence and abundance was investigated in the blood of living people. The plasma of living schizophrenia patients and healthy controls contained antibodies that displayed positive binding to Rhesus macaque cerebellar tissue, and the abundance of these antibodies was significantly lower in patients than controls. These findings suggest that antibodies in the brain and brain-reactive antibodies in the blood are present under normal circumstances.
Abolishing Tau cleavage by caspases at Aspartate421 causes memory/synaptic plasticity deficits and pre-pathological Tau alterations
Authors: Biundo F , d'Abramo C , Tambini M D , Zhang H , Del Prete D , Vitale F , Giliberto L , Arancio O , D'Adamio L
Published: August 2017

TAU mutations are genetically linked to fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) and hyper-phosphorylated aggregates of Tau form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that constitute a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) and FTD. These observations indicate that Tau has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Tau is cleaved by caspases at Aspartate421, to form a Tau metabolite known as δTau; δTau is increased in AD, due to the hyper-activation of caspases in AD brains. δTau is considered a critical toxic moiety underlying neurodegeneration, which initiates and facilitates NFT formation. As Tau is a therapeutic target in neurodegeneration, it is important to rigorously determine whether δTau is a toxic Tau species that should be pharmacologically attacked. To directly address these questions, we have generated a knock-in (KI) mouse called TauDN—that expresses a Tau mutant that cannot be cleaved by caspases. TauDN mice present short-term memory deficits and synaptic plasticity defects. Moreover, mice carrying two mutant Tau alleles show increased total insoluble hyper-phosphorylated Tau in the forebrain. These data are in contrast with the concept that δTau is a critical toxic moiety underlying neurodegeneration, and suggest that cleavage of Tau by caspases represents a negative feedback mechanism aimed to eliminate toxic Tau species. Alternatively, it is possible that either a reduction or an increase in δTau leads to synaptic dysfunction, memory impairments and Tau pathology. Both possibilities will have to be considered when targeting caspase cleavage of Tau in AD therapy.
129Xe NMR-based sensors: biological applications and recent methods
Authors: Mari E. , Berthault P.
Published: August 2017

Molecular systems that target analytes of interest and host spin-hyperpolarized xenon lead to powerful 129Xe NMR-based sensors.
Photocatalytic and antibacterial biomimetic ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Nishant , Bhadwal Akhshay Singh , Garg Mayank , Sharma Reema , Singh Suman , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: August 2017

Societal impact: For the first time, biomimetic synthesis of crystalline and spherical ZnO nanoparticles from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is reported. Photocatalytic degradation of industrial pollutant 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) via biosynthesized ZnO NPs is shown. The antibacterial activity of biosynthesized ZnO NPs against E. coli 1302 is demonstrated.
Aqueous synthesis of CdTe quantum dots by hydride generation for visual detection of silver on quantum dot immobilized paper
Authors: Huang Ke , Dai Rui , Deng Wenqing , Lin Ling , Zhang Ai , Yuan Xin
Published: August 2017

A novel route was developed to synthesize CdTe quantum dots by hydride generation for visual detection.
Solvent basicity promotes the hydride-mediated electron transfer doping of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Nonoguchi Yoshiyuki , Sudo Shunsuke , Tani Atsushi , Murayama Tomoko , Nishiyama Yuriko , Uda Ryoko M. , Kawai Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2017

Donor solvents accelerate the hydride-mediated n-type doping of carbon nanotubes.
Mechano-, thermo-, solvato-, and vapochromism in bis(acetato-κ1O)[4′-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)](2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-κ3N,N′,N′′)zinc(ii) and its polymer
Authors: Tsukamoto Takamasa , Aoki Risa , Sakamoto Ryota , Toyoda Ryojun , Shimada Masaki , Hattori Yohei , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Nishibori Eiji , Nakano Masayoshi , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: August 2017

The titled complex undergoes multi-functional luminochromism in the solid state and polymer form.
Iodoarene-catalyzed oxidative transformations using molecular oxygen
Authors: Miyamoto K. , Yamashita J. , Narita S. , Sakai Y. , Hirano K. , Saito T. , Wang C. , Ochiai M. , Uchiyama M.
Published: August 2017

Molecular oxygen serves as an oxidant for the glycol scission of diols and the Hofmann rearrangement of amides using an iodoarene catalyst.
Combination effect of ligands and ionic liquid components on the structure and properties of manganese metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Wei Zhen , Zhang Zong-Hui , Wang Meng-Meng , Xu Ling , Liu Bing , Jiao Huan
Published: August 2017

Ionothermal reactions of 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid and 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic with Mn(OAc)2 resulted in 12 compounds, revealing the combination effect of ligand and ionic liquids.
Facile synthesis of scandium fluoride oriented single-crystalline rods and urchin-like structures by a gas–solution interface technique
Authors: Gulina L. B. , Tolstoy V. P. , Kasatkin I. A. , Murin I. V.
Published: August 2017

ScF3 rod-like oriented crystals and urchin-like structures were synthesized at the gas–solution interface for the first time.
SHI induced surface re-organization of non-amorphisable nanodimensional fluoride thin films
Authors: Kumar Manvendra , Pandey Ratnesh K. , Rajput Parasmani , Khan Saif A. , Singh Udai B. , Avasthi Devesh K. , Pandey Avinash C.
Published: August 2017

For the first time, surface re-organization in non-amorphizable nanodimensional fluoride thin films due to grain rotation under ion beam irradiation is reported.
Nonlinear imaging microscopy for assessing structural and photochemical modifications upon laser removal of dammar varnish on photosensitive substrates
Authors: Oujja M. , Psilodimitrakopoulos S. , Carrasco E. , Sanz M. , Philippidis A. , Selimis A. , Pouli P. , Filippidis G. , Castillejo M.
Published: August 2017

Nonlinear optical microscopy imaging serves to characterize the in-depth morphological and photochemical modifications induced by pulsed UV laser removal of dammar varnish applied on a photosensitive substrate.
How do ligands influence the quantum yields of cyclometalated platinum(ii) complexes, a theoretical research study
Authors: Yang Baozhu , Huang Shuang , Wang Jianhao
Published: August 2017

Quantum yield differences were explained by the cyclometalated ligand, molecular rigidity and ligand-field strength.