bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O antropolizie. Tłum. Jakub Wolak
Authors: Bratton Benjamin H.
Published: December 2021

Kiedy Hegel usiłował powiązać historię świata z historią europejskich tożsamości narodowych, jego słuchacze zakładali, że miarą wieku ziemi są tysiąclecia (103 lub 104 lat), a nie eony (109 lat). Fabrykacja pamięci narodowej miała dotyczyć podobnego horyzontu czasowego co dzieje planety, a obydwa procesy postrzegano jako wzajemnie zbieżne naturalne cykle. I choć paleogenetyka i geologia wyraźnie temu przeczą, iluzja współmierności chronologii gatunkowej i planetarnej przyniosła opłakane skutki, które, jak na ironię, doprowadziły do jej urzeczywistnienia. Ową metakonsekwencją jest antropocen, epoka w której lokalna historia gospodarcza faktycznie zaważyła na obliczu planety, kształtując je na swój obraz i podobieństwo. Chronologiczne zestrojenie człowieka i planety okazało się zatem samospełniającym się przesądem. Czym wobec tego różnią się, a w czym są sobie podobni ánthrōpos antropogenezy i ánthrōpos antropocenu? Czy odpowiadają sobie nawzajem? Czy pojawienie się człowieka musi bezwarunkowo skutkować antropocenem? A jeśli nie musi prowadzić do tego partykularnego współczesnego nam antropocenu, to czy nie skutkuje antropocenem w najszerszym tego słowa znaczeniu, a zatem sztywnym zespoleniem ekonomii społecznych i geologicznych?
Konrad Baran, W sidłach cyberseksu. Zjawisko. Pomoc duszpasterska, Wydawnictwo Serafi n, Kraków 2019, ss. 240. ISBN 978-83-952878-2-4
Authors: Niewiadomski Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

Recenzja. Konrad Baran, W sidłach cyberseksu. Zjawisko. Pomoc duszpasterska, Wydawnictwo Serafi n, Kraków 2019, ss. 240. ISBN 978-83-952878-2-4.
Jan Kochel, Wprowadzenie do edukacji osób starszych. W kręgu pedagogiki katolickiej, Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, Opole 2020, ss. 209, ISBN 978-83-65860-67-5
Authors: Guzdek Piotr
Published: December 2021

Recenzja. Jan Kochel, Wprowadzenie do edukacji osób starszych. W kręgu pedagogiki katolickiej, Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, Opole 2020, ss. 209, ISBN 978-83-65860-67-5
Wokół wspólnotowości: od inspiracji nowoczesności do pedagogicznych odniesień
Authors: Segiet Waldemar
Published: December 2021

Spoglądając na problem wspólnotowości podejmuję się próby rozważenia zagadnień go konstruujących, z którymi pojawiają się wątki odnoszące się do nowoczesności i wskazania dotyczące samej edukacji, głównie jej roli w realizacji społecznej spójności i działań na rzecz rozwoju demokracji.

Kwestia wspólnotowości nie pozostaje poza zasięgiem idei i wpływów społecznych, kulturowych, wymaga ciągłego rozpoznawania i rozumnego współkreowania. O jej istotności rozstrzyga niewątpliwie podejście do edukacji jako dobra wspólnego.

Swoisty rys namysłu nad potrzebą osiągania wspólnotowości, jej potwierdzaniem w edukacji (za sprawą edukacji) stanowi też zachętę do wejścia w problematykę (dez)integracji społecznej, nie przypadkowo wypełnianą wątkami dotyczącymi funkcjonowania określonej wspólnoty-społeczności wiedzy.
Znaczenie refleksyjności w przestrzeni edukacyjnej na przykładzie pedagogiki ignacjańskiej
Authors: Chrost Marzena
Published: December 2021

Refleksyjność jest ważną kompetencją zarówno edukatora, nauczyciela i wychowawcy, jak i osoby uczącej się, wychowanka. Refleksyjność to gotowość osób działających w przestrzeni edukacyjnej do refleksji, zastanawiania się, rozważania, analizowania. Refleksyjność pozwala człowiekowi odejść od schematów, wejść w siebie i jednocześnie wyjść poza siebie, nie ustawać w poszukiwaniu nowych dróg i rozwiązań, krytycznie spojrzeć na osiągane cele. Refleksyjność przyczynia się do budowania ludzkiej warstwy doświadczenia, która staje się podstawą poznania i rozumienia świata.

W kontekście wyzwań, przed jakimi stoi współczesny człowiek w związku z cywilizacją technologiczną, informacyjną i globalizacyjną, konieczne jest rozwijanie zdolności do refleksyjności, zwłaszcza w edukacji. Dlatego też kolejnym etapem rozważań będzie analiza zagadnienia refleksyjności w kontekście pedagogiki ignacjańskiej, sięgającej wieku XVI ale na nowo sformułowanej i wyartykułowanej w opracowanych w latach 80. XX w. dokumentach. Na ich podstawie omówiony zostanie ignacjański model wychowania proponowany współcześnie instytucjom wychowawczo-oświatowym oraz jego komponenty: kontekst – doświadczenie – refleksja – działanie – ewaluacja. Każdy z tych pięciu elementów jest ważny, a zintegrowane ze sobą wpływają na dynamikę pedagogiki ignacjańskiej. Ukazana będzie, rola refleksji, która w modelu pedagogiki ignacjańskiej jest elementem pozwalającym wzrastać i rozwijać się. Refleksja ta jest w pełni dojrzała tylko wtedy, jeżeli prowadzi osobę do podjęcia decyzji i zaangażowania, czyli do działania. Tak rozumiana refleksja jest sposobem postępowania pozwalającym na integralną formację wychowanka. Na zakończenie, przedstawiono postulaty dla praktyki i edukacji odnoszące się do stymulowania i rozwijania postawy refleksyjności u wychowanków.
Filozoficzno-teologiczne źródła muzykoterapii w starożytności i średniowieczu
Authors: Bramorski Jacek
Published: December 2021

Terapeutyczne znaczenie muzyki jest zagadnieniem wieloaspektowym. Aby zrozumieć jego podstawy istotna jest refleksja o charakterze filozoficznym i teologicznym. Już w starożytności istniało powszechne przekonanie o uzdrawiającym oddziaływaniu muzyki. Świadectwem tego jest spuścizna szkoły pitagorejskiej oraz wielkich myślicieli antycznych, zwłaszcza Platona i Arystotelesa. Ich badaniom zawdzięczamy pierwsze sklasyfikowanie oraz systematyczne wykorzystanie w praktyce określonych rodzajów muzyki, mogących oddziaływać na człowieka. Jednym z podstawowych założeń antycznego pojmowania muzyki było przekonanie, że może nas ona uspokajać, pocieszać, odrywać od codziennych trosk, a także pobudzać i wprowadzać w stan uniesienia, a nawet szału. W ten sposób greccy myśliciele nadali filozoficzne podstawy sięgającemu zamierzchłej starożytności przeświadczeniu o terapeutycznej mocy muzyki i jej związku z medycyną. Sformułowali oni katartyczną (gr. katharsis) koncepcję muzyki jako oczyszczającego lekarstwa dla ludzkiej duszy, nadając jej funkcję etyczną i wychowawczą. Wzmianki o uzdrawiającym charakterze muzyki można odnaleźć również w przekazach biblijnych. Najbardziej znacząca jest tu postać króla Dawida – władcy, wojownika, ale także niezwykle uzdolnionego poety, kompozytora i muzyka, który grą na cytrze uspokajał ataki szału Saula. Starożytna idea muzycznego katharsis, czyli oczyszczenia obejmującego różne aspekty ludzkiego życia, stała się źródłem średniowiecznych koncepcji teologicznych i medycznych, których najbardziej znaczącą reprezentantką jest św. Hildegarda z Bingen.
Clinical miscarriage from the perspective of multifaceted contexts of procreative loss
Authors: Guzdek Piotr , Jęczeń Jarosław
Published: December 2021

The phenomenon of clinical miscarriage sparks increasing interest of researchers from non-medical disciplines. Although there is still a significant disproportion between the voluminous literature on spontaneous miscarriage from a medical perspective compared to the growing number of studies conducted in the social and philosophical sciences, the process of changing the research orientation of early procreative losses is gradually progressing. The hitherto dominant one-sided biomedical approach is giving way to holistic axiomedical approaches. This study contributes to the axiomedical model of clinical miscarriage. It aims to provide an in-depth analysis of four key contexts of procreative loss occurring at early stages of prenatal development - anthropological, relational (parental attachment), psychological and supportive. As a result of the research conducted, it is concluded that the main dominant characteristic of clinical miscarriage as a thanatic event is the level of anthropological settlements regarding the status of the foetus and its ethical implications.
Optimal Reciprocal Reinsurance under VaR or TVaR Constraint
Authors: Huang Hung-Hsi , Wang Ching-Ping
Published: December 2021

Most existing researches on optimal reinsurance contract are based on an insurer’s viewpoint. However, the optimal reinsurance contract for an insurer is not necessarily to be optimal for a reinsurer. Hence, this study aims to develop the optimal reciprocal reinsurance which satisfies the benefits of both the insurer and reinsurer. Additionally, due to legislative restriction or risk management requirement, the wealth of insurer and reinsurer are frequently imposed upon a VaR (Value-at-Risk) or TVaR (Tail Value-at-Risk) constraint. Therefore, this study develops an optimal reciprocal reinsurance contract which maximizes the common benefits (evaluated by weighted addition of expected utilities) of the insurer and reinsurer subject to their VaR or TVaR constraints. Furthermore, for avoiding moral hazard problem, the developed contract is additionally restricted to a regular form or incentive compatibility (both indemnity schedule and retained loss schedule are continuously nondecreasing).
Experimental flooding modifies rhizosphere conditions, induces photoacclimation and promotes antioxidant activities in Rhizophora mucronata seedlings
Authors: Phandee Surangkana , Hwan-air Wilawan , Soonthornkalump Sutthinut , Jenke Michael , Buapet Pimchanok
Published: December 2021

Survival of mangrove seedlings under flooding depends on their tolerance and adaptation. This study investigated the effects of flooding on rhizosphere conditions: porewater dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and soil oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and photosynthetic and antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and guaiacol peroxidase [POX] activity and glutathione [GSH] content) of Rhizophora mucronata seedlings. The experiment lasted 20 days with three treatments: control (with drainage), waterlogging (10 cm of water above the soil surface) and submergence. Our results demonstrate that waterlogging and submergence resulted in a reduction in porewater DO, pH and soil ORP from day 5 into the treatment. Submergence resulted in lower maximum electron transport rates, lower saturating irradiance and higher light utilization efficiency from day 5 onwards, but stomatal closure was detected in both flooded treatments. POX activity and GSH content in the roots were increased by submergence. On day 5, submerged plants showed higher root POX activity than the other two treatments and higher root GSH content than controls. However, these parameters decreased on day 20, so that no difference among the treatments remained. As persistent flooding was shown to hamper the physiological performance of mangrove seedlings, extreme weather events and sea-level rise should be closely monitored.
Lessons in clinical reasoning ‒ pitfalls, myths and pearls: a case of recurrent pancreatitis
Authors: Jaspan Vita , Schaye Verity , Parsons Andrew S. , Kudlowitz David
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Cognitive biases can result in clinical reasoning failures that can lead to diagnostic errors. Autobrewery syndrome is a rare, but likely underdiagnosed, condition in which gut flora ferment glucose, producing ethanol. It most frequently presents with unexplained episodes of inebriation, though more case studies are necessary to better characterize the syndrome.

Case presentation

This is a case of a 41-year old male with a past medical history notable only for frequent sinus infections, who presented with recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis. In the week prior to his first episode of pancreatitis, he consumed four beers, an increase from his baseline of 1–2 drinks per month. At home, he had several episodes of confusion, which he attributed to fatigue. He underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and testing for genetic and autoimmune causes of pancreatitis, which were non-revealing. He was hospitalized 10 more times during that 9-month period for acute pancreatitis with elevated transaminases. During these admissions, he had elevated triglycerides requiring an insulin drip and elevated alcohol level despite abstaining from alcohol for the prior eight months. His alcohol level increased after consumption of complex carbohydrates, confirming the diagnosis of autobrewery syndrome.

Conclusions

Through integrated commentary on the diagnostic reasoning process, this case underscores how overconfidence can lead to premature closure and anchoring resulting in diagnostic error. Using a metacognitive overview, case discussants describe the importance of structured reflection and a standardized approach to early hypothesis generation to navigate these cognitive biases.
The phytochemical plumbagin reciprocally modulates osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Authors: Yadav Avinash M. , Bagade Manali M. , Ghumnani Soni , Raman Sujatha , Saha Bhaskar , Kubatzky Katharina F. , Ashma Richa
Published: December 2021

Bone metabolism is essential for maintaining bone mineral density and bone strength through a balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Bone formation is associated with osteoblast activity whereas bone resorption is linked to osteoclast differentiation. Osteoblast progenitors give rise to the formation of mature osteoblasts whereas monocytes are the precursors for multi-nucleated osteoclasts. Chronic inflammation, auto-inflammation, hormonal changes or adiposity have the potential to disturb the balance between bone formation and bone loss. Several plant-derived components are described to modulate bone metabolism and alleviate osteoporosis by enhancing bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. The plant-derived naphthoquinone plumbagin is a bioactive compound that can be isolated from the roots of the Plumbago genus. It has been used as traditional medicine for treating infectious diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and dermatological diseases. Reportedly, plumbagin exerts its biological activities primarily through induction of reactive oxygen species and triggers osteoblast-mediated bone formation. It is plausible that plumbagin’s reciprocal actions – inhibiting or inducing death in osteoclasts but promoting survival or growth of osteoblasts – are a function of the synergy with bone-metabolizing hormones calcitonin, Parathormone and vitamin D. Herein, we develop a framework for plausible molecular modus operandi of plumbagin in bone metabolism.
The differential analysis for temperature distribution diagnostics of arc current-carrying region in sheet slanting tungsten electrode inert gas welding with the electrostatic probe
Authors: Li Yuanbo , Ye Tao , Zheng Wenxing , Ma Shuaichuan , Zhao Xilong
Published: December 2021

An electrostatic probe differential analysis method is used to diagnose the arc current-carrying region of the sheet slanting tungsten electrode. Based on the local thermal equilibrium condition and energy transition model with charged particles collision, the temperature distribution in the current-carrying region of different welding process parameters is solved by saturated ion current. The results show that the temperature distribution range in the width direction of sheet slanting tungsten electrode expands, the arc high-temperature region shifts integrally, and the temperature in the thickness direction of sheet slanting tungsten electrode would be symmetrical. The guide effect of the hypotenuse of sheet slanting tungsten electrode for arc current and the inertia drag effect of arc would mainly change the temperature distribution. The variation of the inclination angle of the hypotenuse of sheet slanting tungsten electrode will aggravate the shift of the arc high-temperature region. The larger inclination angle will enhance the guiding effect, and then the inertia drag effect would be in a dominant position with a smaller inclination angle. With the increase of welding current, both the arc stiffness and the guiding effect would be intensified, the latter should make the arc high-temperature zone shift to the position with a small discharge gap.
Some new characterizations of a space curve due to a modified frame
N
⃗
,
C
⃗
,
W
⃗

$\left\{ \overrightarrow {N},\; \overrightarrow {C},\; \overrightarrow {W}\right\}$

in Euclidean 3-space
Authors: Ayaz Sedat , Kuşak Samancı Hatice , Kocayiğit Hüseyin
Published: December 2021

In our paper, we computed some new characterizations due to an alternative modified frame

N

⃗

,

C

⃗

,

W

⃗

$\left\{ \overrightarrow {N}, \overrightarrow {C}, \overrightarrow {W}\right\}$

in Euclidean 3-space and we get general differential equation characterizations of a space curve due to the vectors

N

⃗

,

C

⃗

,

W

⃗

$ \overrightarrow {N}, \overrightarrow {C}, \overrightarrow {W}$

. Furthermore, we investigated some differential equations characterizations of the harmonic and harmonic 1-type curves.
Underwater video transmission with video enhancement using reduce hazing algorithm
Authors: Mathiazhagan Janarthanan , Gauni Sabitha , Mohan Rajesvari
Published: December 2021

Underwater video regulation is an insightful research field that can help engineers with bettering investigation on the lowered condition. Submerged video preparing has been utilized in a many fields, such as submerged infinitesimal location, landscape examining, mine identification, media transmission connections, and self-proficient lowered vehicles. Be that as it may, submerged video experiences solid assimilation, dissipating, shading contortion, and clamor from the manufactured light sources, causing video obscure, cloudiness, and a somewhat blue or greenish tone. In this way, the improvement can be separated into two techniques, submerged video de-preliminaries and underexposed video concealing remaking. Relentless in remote correspondence structures, for instance 3G, 4G, and so on, a coming crisis is endless deftly of the nonattendance of consistently Radio Frequency (RF) resources; this deterrent in moving speed cannot strengthen the improvement notable for high information speed. So the new innovation of Light-Fidelity (Li-Fi) came into picture. This innovation can be contrasted to that of Wi-Fi and offers points of interest like expanded available spectrum efficiency, effectiveness, security, low idleness and a lot higher speed. Communication is accomplished by exchanging light-emitting diode (LED) lights on and off at a speed higher than what is detectable to the human eye. This paper presents the explanation behind underexposed picture corruption and surveys the cutting-edge knowledge calculations like video reduce hazing algorithm. In this calculation, it uses two different de-hazing methods, simple Dark Channel Prior (DCP) and Approximate Dark Channel Prior (ADCP), to reduce haze in a video.
Review on fractional vortex beam
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zeng Jun , Lu Xingyuan , Wang Zhuoyi , Zhao Chengliang , Cai Yangjian
Published: December 2021

As an indispensable complement to an integer vortex beam, the fractional vortex beam has unique physical properties such as radially notched intensity distribution, complex phase structure consisting of alternating charge vortex chains, and more sophisticated orbital angular momentum modulation dimension. In recent years, we have noticed that the fractional vortex beam was widely used for complex micro-particle manipulation in optical tweezers, improving communication capacity, controllable edge enhancement of image and quantum entanglement. Moreover, this has stimulated extensive research interest, including the deep digging of the phenomenon and physics based on different advanced beam sources and has led to a new research boom in micro/nano-optical devices. Here, we review the recent advances leading to theoretical models, propagation, generation, measurement, and applications of fractional vortex beams and consider the possible directions and challenges in the future.
Crystal structure of 14-O-[(4-(4-hydroxypiperidine-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2-yl)thioacetyl]-mutilin monohydrate, C32H49N3O6S
Authors: Liu Si-Jie , Fan Yuan , Shang Ruofeng
Published: December 2021

C32H49N3O6S, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 9.2618(2) Å, b = 12.4066(2) Å, c = 27.2256(5) Å, V = 3128.42(12) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0517, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1355, T = 173.20(2) K.
Capacitive performance of electrochemically deposited Co/Ni oxides/hydroxides on polythiophene-coated carbon-cloth
Authors: Atun Gülten , Şahin Filiz , Türker Acar Elif , Ortaboy Sinem
Published: December 2021

Cobalt, nickel, and their mixed hydroxides were electrochemically deposited on polythiophene-coated carbon-cloth substrate to develop new pseudo-capacitive electrodes for energy storage devices. Thiophene was electro-polymerized on carbon-cloth by the potentiodynamic method in acetonitrile containing 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic-liquid as supporting electrolyte. The scanning-electron-microscopy images imply that flower-like Co(OH)2 microstructures deposited on bamboo-like polythiophene coatings on carbon-fibers but they are covered by net curtain like thin Ni(OH)2 layer. The Co-Ni layered-double-hydroxide deposited from their equimolar sulfate solutions is composed of large aggregates. The electron-dispersive-spectrum exhibits that Co/Ni ratio equals unity in the layered-double-hydroxide. The capacitances of Co, Ni, and Co-Ni hydroxide-coated PTh electrodes are 100, 569, and 221 F/g at 5 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH solution, respectively. Their corresponding oxides obtained by calcination at 450 °C in de-aerated medium possess higher capacitance up to 911, 643, and 696 F/g at 2 A/cm2. The shape of cyclic-voltammetry and galvanostatic-charge-discharge curves, as well as the Nyquist plots derived from electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy measurements, reveal that hydroxide coatings on the polythiophene-coated carbon-cloth are more promising electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. The mixed hydroxide-coated electrode shows good cyclic stability of 100% after 400 cycles at 5 mA/cm2.
Mesopore silica effect on chemical, thermal and tribological properties of polyimide composites
Authors: Poyraz Bayram , ÜNAL Hüseyin , Dayı Mustafa
Published: December 2021

In this experimental study, the effects of mesoporous silica filler content on the chemical, thermal and tribological properties of polyimide composites were investigated. For that purpose, Pi/mesoporous silica composites were produced by in situ polymerization with various mesoporous silicas. After fabrication, thermal stability and chemical characterization were determined using TGA and FTIR. Morphological alterations were monitored with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Texture structure (pore size and pore volume) were determined by the BJH method. Friction and wear properties were investigated by using a pin-on-disc arrangement. At the end of the study, minor shifts of Pi/mesoporous silica composites were observed. Thermal stability, as well as pore size and pore volume, was decreased with mesoporous silica. The coefficient of friction and specific wear rate decreased with the addition of mesoporous silica. Abrasive wear behaviors were seen for both neat Pi and Pi–Si composites. Hence, this study evidenced that the properties of Pi are influenced by mesoporous dimensions and content of Si employed.
Investigation of Re(VII) diffusion in Tamusu clayrock core by through-diffusion method
Authors: Sun Yuzhen , Zhang Hui , Hua Rong , Luo Mingbiao , Lee Chuan-Pin , Wang Zhifen , Liu Weigang , Kong Jie , Shi Yunfeng
Published: December 2021

Tamusu area is the primary pre-selection site of clayrock disposal repository for high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in China. However, the research on the migration behavior of nuclides in Tamusu clayrock is still in its infancy. For the first time in laboratory, the diffusion behavior of Re(VII) in Tamusu clayrock core was studied by means of through-diffusion method. The effects of pH, ionic strength and humic acid on the diffusion behavior of Re(VII) in clayrock were studied. The effective diffusion coefficient, apparent diffusion coefficient and rock capacity factor value were obtained. All the experimental conditions of Re(VII) diffusion in Tamusu clayrock are compared with other geological samples under the same conditions in literature data. The diffusion mechanism of radionuclide in Tamusu clay is discussed, which can provide experimental data for site selection and safety assessment of high-level radioactive waste repository in China. The experimental results showed an effective application and reference for the countries disposed HLW in mudrocks or clayrocks, such as France, Belgium etc. in Europe. Moreover, this research can provide the original data support for the metallogenic regularity and prospecting prognosis of rare element rhenium in different geological environments.
Behavioral Biases and the Law
Authors: Luppi Barbara
Published: December 2021

Empirical and experimental evidence shows that individuals exhibit behavioral biases in their decision-making processes that depart from the full rationality paradigm. This paper discusses the effectiveness of alternative debiasing strategies, designed to induce socially preferable outcomes. Following Jolls, C. and Sunstein, C.R. (2006). Debiasing through law. J. Leg. Stud. 35: 199–242, this paper examines legal strategies that aim at “debiasing through law”, attempting to reduce or eliminate boundedly rational behavior. Alternatively, policymakers can implement “insulating” legal strategies that separate the outcome from the biased behavior, without attempting to eradicate behavioral biases from the decision-making process. This paper compares these strategies in many areas, such as tort law, consumer safety law, and property law.
Intensification for discursive evaluation: a corpus-pragmatic view
Authors: Pan Yun
Published: December 2021

The phenomenon of intensification is pervasive in natural language use. Previous research has extensively discussed what intensifiers are and how they are associated with semantic developments. Corpora prove to be a useful tool to examine the semantic dimension of intensifiers. What has been overlooked, however, is the internal structure(s) of meaning conveyed by “intensifier + adjective” constructions in naturally occurring text and speech. The semantic relationship between the intensifier and the modified adjective needs to be made more explicit to address the pragmatics of intensification. Using BNC Sampler (a part-of-speech tagged corpus of general English) this study examines the most frequently used adjective intensifiers in both written and spoken discourse. Concordance lines generated for the adjective intensifiers are used to illustrate evaluative expressions in context. The observation contributes to debates on the pragmatics of intensifiers for evaluative meaning construction and transmission.
A Coastal Flood Event Database for the Southeastern Georgia and Southeastern South Carolina Coast and the Operational Implementation of a Tide Forecast Tool
Authors: Holloway Blair S.
Published: December 2021

Coastal flooding occurs when saltwater inundates normally dry land and the resulting impacts can range from minor flooding of low-lying areas along the coast, to significant damage to property and structures. Previous research consistently suggests that if sea-level rise continues to increase along the East Coast of the United States, coastal flooding will occur more frequently. In order to document the history of coastal flooding along the southeastern Georgia and southeastern South Carolina coast, a coastal flood event database was created for National Ocean Service tide gauges located in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina and Fort Pulaski, Georgia. Trends from the data show that coastal flooding is occurring more frequently with time at both tide gauges, particularly over the last five to ten years. Because of the increased frequency and worsening impacts of tidal flooding, a tide forecast tool is implemented operationally in an effort to improve deterministic tide forecasts. This study extends the dataset used in the Charleston Harbor forecast tool, expands the tool to Fort Pulaski, and compares the synoptic category forecast equations to an all-inclusive equation that does not differentiate by synoptic category. Results show that there is virtually no difference in the forecast accuracy between the all-inclusive forecast equation and the specific forecast equations based on synoptic category. Furthermore, the all-inclusive forecast equation can be implemented operationally, will help improve deterministic tide forecasts, and will likely aid in the decision-making process for Coastal Flood Watches, Warnings, and Advisories issued by the National Weather Service office in Charleston, South Carolina.
A New Apparatus for Shear-Seepage Testing at the Clayey Soil-Structure Interface
Authors: Liu Qianhui , Yu Yuzhen , Zhang Bingyin , Wang Xiangnan , Lv He , Zhan Zhenggang
Published: December 2021

In high earth-rockfill dams, large shear displacement exists in the contact area between the earth core and the concrete cushion at the bottom and on both sides of the banks of a river valley. Exposed to a high hydraulic gradient, seepage erosion is likely to occur in this area. A practical measure is to compact a thin layer of clayey soil with high plasticity such that it lies between the earth core and the concrete cushion. It is crucial to evaluate the capabilities of a clayey soil for this thin layer. A new apparatus modified from a conventional triaxial apparatus is developed to test the seepage characteristics of the clayey soil-structure interface under large relative shear conditions. Compared to the previous device, the new device can achieve a larger relative shear displacement that is closer to the actual condition while providing stress and a seepage state with a simple testing procedure. This apparatus consists of a soil-structure model, a vertical loading system, two back-pressure systems, and a monitoring system. The vertical loading system allows the soil-structure displacement to develop at a constant speed. Two back-pressure systems can simulate the high hydraulic gradient and the consolidation state of the specimen. The monitoring system automatically records the force load, the volume of water outflow, and the volume change in the pressure chamber. Basic tests and shear-seepage tests were conducted using this device to validate its efficiency and reliability. The results indicate that the permeability of the soil-structure interface decreases with the shear displacement over a large range. A finite element (FE) analysis was carried out to reveal the strain-stress and seepage state inside the specimen to explain the seepage mechanism.
STOCK PRICE PREDICTION USING MARKOV CHAINS ANALYSIS WITH VARYING STATE SPACE ON DATA FROM THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors: Svoboda Milan , Říhová Pavla
Published: December 2021

The article describes empirical research that deals with short-term stock price prediction. The aim of this study is to use this prediction to create successful business models. A business model that outperforms the stock market, represented by the Buy and Hold strategy, is considered to be successful. A stochastic model based on Markov chains analysis with varying state space is used for short-term stock price prediction. The varying state spate is defined based on multiples of the moving standard deviation. A total of 80 state space models were calculated for the moving standard deviation with 5-step lengths from 10 to 30 in combination with the standard deviation multiples from 0.5 to 2.0 with the step of 0.1. The efficiency of the business models was verified for 3 long-term, liquid stocks of the Czech stock market, namely the stocks of KB, CEZ, and O2 within a 14-year period – from the beginning of 2006 to the end of 2019. Business models perform best when they use a state space defined on the length of a moving standard deviation between 15 and 30 in combination with multiples of the standard deviation between 1.1 and 1.2. Business models based on these parameters outperform the passive Buy and Hold strategy. In fact, they outperform the Buy and Hold strategy for both the entire period under review and the yielded five-year periods (including transaction fees). The only exception is the five-year periods covering 2015 for O2 stocks. After the end of the uncertainty period caused by unclear intentions of the new majority stockholder, the stock price rose sharply. These results are in conflict with the efficient markets theory and suggest that in the period under review, the Czech stock market was not effective in any form.
INCOME TAX PREFERENCE AND R&D INVESTMENTS OF HIGH-TECH ENTERPRISES IN CHINA
Authors: Su Wunhong , Fan Yi-Hao
Published: December 2021

This study explores the relationship between income tax preference and R&D investments of high-tech enterprises. This study selects listed high-tech enterprises in China from 2013 to 2018 as samples. The empirical results show that the effective income tax rate among high-tech enterprises in China differs widely. The findings suggest that high-tech enterprises in China have to take advantage of preferential income tax, pay more attention to R&D investments, and strive to improve R&D ability and market competitiveness. In addition, there is a significantly positive relationship between income tax preference and R&D investments of high-tech enterprises, indicating that the preferential tax rate policy and other tax incentives such as additional tax deduction increase R&D investments of high-tech enterprises effectively. State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are enterprises in which the state has ownership or control over its capital. The positive relation between income tax preference and R&D investments of hightech enterprises is more significant for non-SOEs. Non-SOEs have stronger governance efficiency. Therefore, SOEs should make better use of income tax preference and improve innovation enthusiasm. Moreover, this study finds a more positive relationship between income tax preference and R&D investments among high-tech enterprises in the introduction phase than in the growth and mature phases. However, the relation between income tax preference and R&D investments is insignificant for high-tech enterprises in the decline phase. The findings seem to provide a new perspective for the life cycle characteristics of enterprises and the theoretical guidance to enterprises in phases of growth, mature and decline to develop R&D investments better. Finally, loss enterprises or enterprises in geographical units with the innovative environment are eliminated in this study to avoid extra interference. The results remain robust, indicating that preferential income tax policies applied in high-tech enterprises are significantly and positively associated with R&D investments.
Prior Criminal Offense As A Prerequisite For Secondary Criminal Activity
Authors: Mikish A.S.
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the legal literature has begun to use the concept of secondary crime, which has long been used in German criminal law and is based on the theory of involvement in a crime. An analysis of the domestic criminal law literature suggests that this concept has not yet been sufficiently disclosed by anyone. It should be noted that the problems of involvement in the crime are given much less attention than, for example, complicity. This can be explained by the fact that involvement is considered by individual scholars within the institute of complicity.

The term «preceding» is intended to emphasize the fact that the commission of the main elements of a criminal offense is not possible without a previous, simultaneous or subsequent actual commission, or without a previously formed intention to commit another criminal offense. In this regard, it should be noted: speaking of «precedence», we do not mean strictly temporal dependence, when one action objectively precedes in time another, and mental-logical dependence, when one action or actually precedes another, or on at least exists in the plan to commit the latter. The previous crime is not part of the main structure of the criminal offense, remaining an independent component. Such a criminal offense only complements the feature of the main criminal offense with a special meaning, narrows it and thus describes, although in itself does not turn into a feature of this composition of the main criminal offense.
The Subjective Side Of Criminal Offenses In The Field Of Public Procurement
Authors: Cheredarchuk A.M.
Published: December 2021

In this article, the author analyzes the subjective side of criminal offenses related to public procurement. It is determined that the state is the victim of a criminal offense, because it is it that does not get the result it expected when allocating budget funds. First of all, the reputation of the state itself, its state institutions is lost, the level of public distrust in public authorities increases, and so on. With this in mind, the guilt of the subjects of criminal offenses related to public procurement lies in the form of intent. The article proves that the guilt of criminal offenses in the field of public procurement is characterized by the fact that individuals commit such acts quite consciously, but often do not fully or partially admit their guilt. For the most part, the guilt of the investigated criminal offenses takes the form of direct intent, and can sometimes be combined with a selfish motive.

The purpose of a criminal offense in the field of public procurement is manifested in the desire of the perpetrator to achieve certain harmful consequences. Purpose, as well as motive, is an optional feature of the subjective side of the criminal offense. The peculiarity of the purpose, as a sign of the composition of a criminal offense, is that such criminal offenses, which are committed for a specific purpose, are committed exclusively with intent.

The purpose of a person who commits a criminal act in the field of public procurement as enrichment can be different - both specified (obtaining a specific desired property) and blurred (to improve their unsatisfactory financial situation, etc.). The purpose of committing such criminal offenses may be obvious or hidden. Thus, we can conclude that the purpose of the criminal offenses we investigate clearly follows from the nature of the act.
Unilateral Refusal Of A Lease Agreement: Theoretical And Practical Aspects
Authors: Polnyi D.A.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the unilateral refusal of a lease agreement as a way of self-defence of the tenant's and landlord's rights. The author expresses an opinion that unilateral refusal of a lease agreement by the tenant or landlord in cases provided by law or the agreement itself as a consequence of violation of the terms of a lease agreement should be considered is a sanction for illegal behavior of the parties of the agreement.

The author notes that unilateral refusal of a lease agreement in case of breaching the agreement by the other party should not be equated to termination of a lease agreement at the request of one of the parties. They are independent grounds for termination of the agreement, which are characterized by a different mechanism of implementation, for example, the termination of a lease agreement at the request of one of the parties is always carried out in court.

The analysis of case law shows that in order to be able unilaterally refuse from the lease agreement, when concluding an agreement it is necessary to state with a due precision the grounds for unilateral refusal for each party to the agreement.

The author draws the conclusion that the simplified mechanism of unilateral refusal of a lease agreement should include two general stages: the emergence of grounds for unilateral refusal, and proper notification of the other party about the refusal of the agreement.
The Concept Of Unfair Contract Terms
Authors: Harhat I.M.
Published: December 2021

The article explores the concept of «unfair terms contract terms» through the analysis of its origin and fixing in the legislation and legal literature of the European Union, Ukraine and the United States. Comparisons of interpretations of this concept according to Directive 93/13/EEC, Model Rules of European Private Law, The Uniform Commercial Code, as well as the Law of Ukraine «On Consumer Protection».

In the article author notes that the definition of unfair terms of the contract is a complex symbiosis of material and procedural, a combination of justice and dishonesty, comparison of signs of «imbalance of interests» and «significantly disadvantaged» and therefore at this stage of civil law is not can be defined unambiguously.

It is investigated that the modern civil legislation of Ukraine is still in solidarity with the legislation of most EU member states in terms of introducing this concept primarily to protect consumer rights.

Regarding the definition of «unfair terms», author notes that Ukrainian legislation follows common legal trends and recognizes unfair terms when they violate the principle of good faith and fairness, as well as when they lead to a significant imbalance of contractual rights and obligations of the parties and harm the consumer.

As a result, it was found that in general the concept of «unfair terms» is evaluative and can not by its very nature reflect the motives laid down in the contract by one or another party. The Court of EU and the courts of the EU member states do not give general conclusions on a case-by-case basis, using the definitions contained in the text of Directive 93/13/EEC, which set out the conditions that may be considered unfair.

Author proposes to use the sign «significantly unfavorable position» proposed by A.A.Leff to define the concept of «unfair terms of the contract», as it will improve the protection of the interests of the economically weaker party in the contract.
Features Of The Organization And Holding Of The General Meeting Of Participants Of Limited And Additional Liability Companies
Authors: Sikora V.Ye.
Published: December 2021

The article establishes the current state of legal regulation of corporate relations in the context of the organization and holding of the general meeting of participants of limited and additional liability companies. The legal nature and content of the right to participate in the management of a limited/additional liability company through the prism of comparative legal analysis of the works of modern scientists are studied. Based on the above, it is installed the relationship of a broad understanding of the concept of company management and its components, including those related to the functioning of the general meeting of participants.

It is established that the general meeting of participants of a limited/additional liability company plays the most important role in the management of the company. The essence of the right to participate in the general meeting of participants of a limited/additional liability company is clarified and its content is determined. Emphasis is placed on the direct dependence of the right of actual participation of a participant of a limited/additional liability company in the general meeting on the latter’s awareness of the time and place of their holding.

The peculiarities of the organization and holding of the general meeting of the participants of the limited/additional liability company are analyzed. The procedure for forming the agenda of the general meeting of participants of a limited/additional liability company is determined. The procedure for notifying the convening and venue of the general meeting is described.

The peculiarities of holding a general meeting of participants by a company with one participant are determined.

Based on the study, conclusions were made about the overall effectiveness of the mechanisms provided by current legislation, which establish the procedure for organizing and conducting the general meeting of participants of a limited/additional liability company. At the same time, attention is paid to the need to finalize certain provisions of the special Law, taking into account the needs and problems that arise in practice, and in order to consolidate the relevant developments at the legislative and local levels (in the company’s charter).
Subjects That Shape Public Policy In The Sphere Of Circulation Of Medical Means
Authors: Tovt Yu.M.
Published: December 2021

Implementation of an effective policy in the field of medical means circulation at the present stage of the development of Ukrainian society is one of the defining conditions for its further democratic reform, strengthening in the country of the institutions of the rule of law, competitive market economy, ensuring the implementation of human and citizen rights and freedoms.

Any policy becomes understandable when it is understood who carries out it and what it is aimed at, i.e. defined subjects and objects of policy in society at one or another stage of historical development. This definition makes it possible to clarify the essence of political relations between subjects, as well as between subjects and objects of policy, to reveal the forms of their political behavior, methods of political activity, means of transformation of the political environment.

The article highlights the issues concerning subjects that form the general state policy in the field of circulation of medicines. Their analysis is carried out and their main functions and tasks are determined.

The state policy in the sphere of circulation of medicinal products is formed and implemented by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the President of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the State Service of Ukraine for Medicinal Products, professional associations of pharmaceutical workers, within the powers of which is the adoption of different types of normative legal acts (concepts, programs, provisions, procedures, rules, standards, instructions, instructions, licensing conditions, lists, codes, etc.), agreed with European and international legislation, as well as, if necessary, with other central bodies of executive power. Such standards follow, in addition to general normative legal acts, also from specialized acts on the formation of such policy.
The Time Has Come, the Walrus Said, to Talk of Many Things: Wheelchair Securement Spaces on Commercial Airlines
Authors: Peck Michael P.
Published: December 2021

Air travel poses special problems for people who use wheelchairs either periodically or consistently (wheelchair users). The wheelchair is, to some extent, an extension of the wheelchair user’s bodily autonomy. Personal dignity would be enhanced, and injury and discomfort would be reduced, if a traveling wheelchair user were allowed to remain in his or her own wheelchair for the duration of the flight. Although no law or regulation currently requires that option, groundwork has been laid in both case law and statutes that could lead to such a result. To be sure, safety and cost are paramount issues and must be adequately addressed. Some technological concerns have already been resolved and others are the subject of promising developments. Lobbyist groups are actively campaigning and, as a result, some airlines have shown interest in the proposal. The goal of in-cabin use of personal wheelchairs is achievable, but the process is likely to be incremental. During this period of COVID-19 pandemic-related disruption in the airline industry, both mainline and regional carriers should benefit from the Schumpeterian notion of creative destruction resulting in technical and business innovations. The catalyst needed to move the research and development process along at a faster pace might be a contest with some sort of reward such as has been used to foster other aeronautical innovations.