bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Dual-Effects Model of Brand Choice
Authors: Jones J. Morgan
Published: November 2018

A model is proposed which accounts for both purchase event feedback and change due to an external effect. Compared to its two most closely related antecedents—the linear learning model and the stationary probability diffusion model—this is a more useful model, both from the standpoint of the individual and of the population being modeled.
Exploratory Analysis of Marketing Data: Trees vs. Regression
Authors: Armstrong J. Scott , Andress James G.
Published: November 2018

Two models were developed to predict the average weekly volume for 3,000 gas stations. The model derived from a tree approach was found to be superior to that from a regression approach. The superiority of trees was significant in both a practical and a statistical sense.
A Microanalytic Approach to Store Location Analysis
Authors: Mackay David B.
Published: November 2018

Through microanalytic modeling, consumer preferences and shopping patterns can be used to estimate sales for existing or future retail establishments. This article reports on such a study done for supermarkets. Implications of the methodology for management and future research efforts are discussed.
The Appeal of Buying Black
Authors: Gensch Dennis H. , Staelin Richard
Published: November 2018

Recent interest in the Negro market has produced much research on this unique market segment. This article directly examines some of the major factors which seem to affect retail shopping behavior in a black community. In particular the influence of black ownership of retail outlets is investigated.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Central-City Food Trading Areas
Authors: Haines George H. , Simon Leonard S. , Alexis Marcus
Published: November 2018

A maximum likelihood estimate of the parameter in the Huff model of consumer store choice is derived and its properties are discussed. A method for obtaining a numerical value for the estimator is presented. The procedure is exemplified by estimating trading areas for food purchased for in-home consumption.
Alternative Econometric Models of Sales-Advertising Relationships
Authors: Rao Vithala R.
Published: November 2018

Alternative econometric models of advertising-sales relationships for cigarettes were evaluated by 5 methods of estimation and 4 ways of specifying dependent variables. The criteria were the adjusted square of the multiple correlation coefficient and mean absolute percentage error.
Factor Analysis of Perceptual Change
Authors: Vavra Terry G.
Published: November 2018

A procedure is presented in which current factor analysis techniques are extended to the description of changes in subjects’ perceptions of a product after exposure to an advertisement for the product.
Measurement of Consumers’ Prior Brand Information
Authors: Woodruff Robert B.
Published: November 2018

This study attempted to determine the feasibility of quantitatively measuring consumers’ prior brand information. A measurement procedure based on the Bayesian concept of a prior distribution is presented, and its use by a sample of husband-wife dyads is discussed.
A Decision Model in Consumer Pricing Research
Authors: Barker Raymond F.
Published: November 2018

The lottery is a useful model for managers making decisions under conditions of risk. The results of this experiment indicate that prospective buyers behave in a manner consistent with decision theory. Under appropriate conditions the lottery offers an indirect, disguised technique useful in consumer research.
Preference Measurement of Item Collections
Authors: Green Paul E. , Wind Yoram , Jain Arun K.
Published: November 2018

In many cases of practical interest the marketing researcher may wish to analyze preferences for collections of items. This article shows how these collections can be analyzed by conjoint measurement techniques. An application of conjoint measurement to measuring menu preferences is illustrated.
A Segmentation Research Design Using Consumer Panel Data
Authors: Frank Ronald E. , Strain Charles E.
Published: November 2018

This segmentation research design combines consumer panel purchase data with an attitudinal questionnaire tailored to the product under study. Both serve as input to a canonical correlation analysis for evaluating the relative importance of the independent variables as predictors of purchasing behavior and delineating market segments.
Brand Loyalty Vs. Repeat Purchasing Behavior
Authors: Jacoby Jacob , Kyner David B.
Published: November 2018

Brand loyalty is first distinguished from simple repeat purchasing behavior and then conceptually defined in terms of six necessary and collectively sufficient conditions. An experiment designed to test this conceptualization provided strong empirical support for the distinction as conceptualized.
Error in Judgmental Sales Forecasts: Theory and Results
Authors: Staelin Richard , Turner Ronald E.
Published: November 2018

Subjective judgmental forecasts by knowledgeable persons are often used to obtain aggregated forecasts. The total forecast error results from two effects: the error associated with each particular estimate and the covariance between estimates. A behavioral model is presented and then data from two industrial situations and one controlled experiment are analyzed to determine the significance of both sources of error.
Family Buying Decisions: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
Authors: Hempel Donald J.
Published: November 2018

This study presents cross-cultural comparisons of husband-wife interaction in specific house-buying decisions. The findings indicate that perceived roles vary more by sex of the respondent and stage in the decision process than by the cultural context of the purchase.
Parameter Estimation for a Multiplicative Competitive Interaction Model—Least Squares Approach
Authors: Nakanishi Masao , Cooper Lee G.
Published: November 2018

Least squares estimation techniques are developed for a special multiplicative model based on the Luce choice axiom whose potential usefulness in marketing applications justifies estimation techniques which can be easily implemented.
Firm Effects and Industry Effects in the Analysis of Market Structure and Profitability
Authors: Bass Frank M. , Cattin Philippe , Wittink Dick R.
Published: November 2018

The Federal Trade Commission's recent public policy emphasis has been on antitrust action to break up firms in certain industries. The basis for such action is often the market structure-profitability paradigm. The authors review the framework and empirical results of studies based on the paradigm, identify and demonstrate shortcomings of research in this area, propose and test a more appealing model, and conclude that the FTC cannot properly rely on findings produced by this research stream for the direction of public policy efforts.
The Ghetto Marketing Life Cycle: A Case of Underachievement
Authors: Andreasen Alan R.
Published: November 2018

The author describes the life cycle of research on ghetto marketing and concludes that the contribution has been too little, too trivial, and too late. Recommendations for further research as well as intervention in the research generation process are presented.
Adoption of Consumer Policies by States: Some Empirical Perspectives
Authors: Ford Gary T.
Published: November 2018

The author analyzes differences in states’ adoption of consumerism legislation and identifies the leader and laggard states. Positive correlations between consumer law adoption behavior and states’ demographic and socioeconomic characteristics are demonstrated. The results indicate that states take cues for adoption of consumer legislation from states in their region and from states which have similar characteristics.
Impact of Deals and Deal Retraction on Brand Switching
Authors: Dodson Joe A. , Tybout Alice M. , Sternthal Brian
Published: November 2018

Analysis of panel data for two consumer packaged goods indicates that media-distributed coupons and cents-off deals induce brand switching and result in less loyalty when retracted than if no deal is offered. In contrast, package coupons stimulate brand loyalty which is maintained when they are retracted. The extent to which economic utility theory and self-perception theory order these findings is evaluated and the implications of the results for managing demand are discussed.
Development of a Content Analytic System for Analysis of Bargaining Communication in Marketing
Authors: Angelmar Reinhard , Stern Louis W.
Published: November 2018

A content analytic system focused on marketing communications can provide important insights into bargaining behavior. This article concerns testing the reliability and assessing the validity of a theoretically based communication categorization scheme.
An AID/Logit Procedure for Analyzing Large Multiway Contingency Tables
Authors: Green Paul E.
Published: November 2018

A two-step procedure is described in which AID is applied first to a multiway contingency table to isolate those variables (and levels within variable) that best account for variance in the criterion. A logit analysis follows for estimating parameters for prediction purposes. The method is described and applied illustratively to a set of data on usage of an AT&T telecommunications service.
A Loyalty Group Segmentation Model for Brand Purchasing Simulation
Authors: Starr Martin K. , Rubinson Joel R.
Published: November 2018

A model for consumer package goods is described by which consumers can be segmented into loyalty groups. A survey is used to obtain measures of consumer willingness to switch from a regular brand, if there is one. Each loyalty group is associated with a unique purchase probability vector. The probabilities are derived empirically from purchase behavior. By use of the purchase probability vectors, brand shares and repeat rates can be simulated by the loyalty group segmentation (LGS) model, which yields good fits. Empirical data were available which reflected the effect of price changes on brand switching behavior by loyalty groups. At first price elasticities based on deviations from average price were used with poor results. By a revised version of the model, average price was recomputed as the sum of the prices of competitive brands weighted by the percentage of the brand's total switching with each other brand. By use of such loyalty group cross-price elasticity measures, high correlations were obtained with the empirical observations of share, repeat rate, and switching behavior.
The Stability of Benefit Segments
Authors: Calantone Roger J. , Sawyer Alan G.
Published: November 2018

An important and neglected question for marketing managers is whether identified market segments remain similar over time in terms of distinguishing characteristics and size. Benefit segments based on the relative importance of product attributes were shown to be internally consistent between split halves for a given time period. Two years later, a comparison of the same households segmented in terms of sought benefits revealed a high degree of similarity in product attributes considered important and segment size. However, analysis on an individual household basis showed that a household was very likely to be classified in a segment other than its previous group designation. Managerial implications of the research are discussed.
Some Practical Considerations in Market Segmentation
Authors: Young Shirley , Ott Leland , Feigin Barbara
Published: November 2018

Despite the widespread availability of segmentation techniques and much applied experience, many commercial users appear to be disenchanted with segmentation studies. The authors suggest that one cause is the failure of the marketing researcher to consider the competitive environment sufficiently in designing segmentation studies. They examine the problem in detail, setting forth some instances in which a segmentation approach is not useful and situations in which conventional approaches are not successful through examples from actual case studies.
Measuring Reliability: A Comparison of Alternative Techniques
Authors: Parameswaran Ravi , Greenberg Barnett A. , Bellenger Danny N. , Robertson Dan H.
Published: November 2018

Few scholars would dispute the need to quantify and report the reliability of measurement in marketing research. There appears to be considerable confusion, however, about the appropriateness of various reliability measurement techniques. A comparison is made of the results from several alternative techniques applied to a lifestyle questionnaire. One technique rarely used to date in marketing research is suggested as superior to the others on the basis of the likelihood of its assumptions in an actual measurement setting.
Conjoint Measurement: Temporal Stability and Structural Reliability
Authors: McCullough James , Best Roger
Published: November 2018

Reliability and stability of preference patterns obtained through conjoint measurement are examined by perturbing the stimulus structure and by repeating measurements after the passage of time. Conjoint measurement appears to be very robust to perturbation and reasonably stable over time.
A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs
Authors: Churchill Gilbert A.
Published: November 2018

A critical element in the evolution of a fundamental body of knowledge in marketing, as well as for improved marketing practice, is the development of better measures of the variables with which marketers work. In this article an approach is outlined by which this goal can be achieved and portions of the approach are illustrated in terms of a job satisfaction measure.
Alternative Semantic Scaling Formats for Measuring Store Image: An Evaluation
Authors: Menezes Dennis , Elbert Norbert F.
Published: November 2018

Only slight advantages are shown for the Stapel scale in lack of leniency (high scores) and the semantic differential scale in precision (low variance) in a comparison of these scale approaches with the Likert one in measuring store image. Careful measure validation showed no marked differences among the three scale approaches, and thus choices among them should be made on other grounds.
The Construct Validity of the Tripartite Classification of Attitudes
Authors: Bagozzi Richard P. , Tybout Alice M. , Craig C. Samuel , Sternthal Brian
Published: November 2018

The convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of the tripartite model of attitudes is investigated. On the basis of a structural equation methodology, evidence is obtained for convergent validity. Moreover, a factor analysis of the attitude measures and measures of perceived extraneous events and personal and social normative beliefs provides evidence for discriminant validity. Finally, evidence for predictive validity based on actual and intended behaviors is found to be mixed. The implications of these findings for research pertaining to the prediction of consumer behavior are discussed.
Response Latency: A New Measure for Scaling Brand Preference
Authors: Tyebjee Tyzoon T.
Published: November 2018

A scaling model is presented to estimate brand preference structures by use of response latency or choice time measures. The structure of the model and the predictive validity of the preference scales estimated by this model are tested in the context of a computer-controlled pairwise choice experiment.
The Multinomial, Multiattribute Logit Choice Model
Authors: Gensch Dennis H. , Recker Wilfred W.
Published: November 2018

The authors argue that for the cross-sectional multiattribute approach to choice modeling, the multinomial logit is theoretically and empirically superior to the more commonly used regression approach. Other choice methodologies also are discussed briefly in relation to logit. The difference between individual level (where regression is appropriate) and cross-sectional analysis is recognized. Most marketing managers, because of their research goals, will be using a cross-sectional approach. The derivation of the logit from an underlying behavioral model of choice is illustrated. It is this underlying behavioral model of choice that provides logit with several conceptual advantages for modeling a multiattribute choice structure.
Evaluating the Relationships among Attitude toward Business, Product Satisfaction, Experience, and Search Effort
Authors: Anderson Ronald D. , Engledow Jack L. , Becker Helmut
Published: November 2018

A simple structural model relating attitudes toward business to product satisfaction, experience in shopping, and search effort is proposed and tested by use of confirmatory factor analysis (COFAMM) and the LISREL model. The fact that the basic hypotheses of the model are supported suggests a positive relation between business attitude and product satisfaction and a negative one between business attitude and information search. The LISREL model is seen as a useful tool in future work in structural modeling.
What do Zielske's Real Data Really Show about Pulsing?
Authors: Simon Julian L.
Published: November 2018

A spaced advertising schedule is much more dollar-effective than a massed (pulsed) schedule, according to this reanalysis of the experimental data developed by Pomerance and Zielske. This finding is at variance with the conclusions drawn by other writers. The raw Pomerance-Zielske data are published here for the first time; until now only idealized representations of the data have been available, which has been the source of confusion and misunderstanding.
A Method for Computing the Average Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient from Ordinally Structured Confusion Matrices
Authors: Wilcox James B. , Austin Larry M.
Published: November 2018

Researchers have used either average correlation or the percentage of objects correctly predicted in assessing the accuracy of attitude models. Because the two measures are not directly comparable, the ability to contrast results from different studies is obviated. A method is presented for computing the average Spearman correlation coefficient directly from confusion matrices.
Response Rates and Perceived Questionnaire Length in Mail Surveys
Authors: Childers Terry L. , Ferrell O. C.
Published: November 2018

A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was designed to test the impact on mail survey response rate resulting from variations in paper trim size and number of printed pages in the questionnaire. ANOVA findings suggest 8½ × 11″ paper trim size produces a better response rate than an 8½ × 14″ paper trim size. Use of a one-sheet (front and back) versus a two-sheet (front only) questionnaire did not cause a significant difference in response rate; a hypothesized interaction effect was not found to be statistically significant.
Territory Sales Response
Authors: Ryans Adrian B. , Weinberg Charles B.
Published: November 2018

What factors account for the wide variation in performance with in a salesforce, and what is the relative importance of these factors? The authors attempt to answer that question by first developing a framework that identifies the major constructs to be included in a model of territory response, and then testing the model in three different corporate settings. The empirical results provide a basis for useful generalizations about the importance of territory characteristics, span of control, and other factors in explaining the variability in salesperson performance.

The research was supported in part by grants from the Marketing Science Institute and the American Cyanamid Company. The authors thank the executives of the companies that participated in this study for their help in providing data, and also thank Dick R. Wittink and a JMR reviewer for their helpful comments on a draft of this article. The research assistance of Tsuneo Yahagi is gratefully acknowledged.
Publishing Activity in Marketing as an Indicator of Its Structure and Disciplinary Boundaries
Authors: Goldman Arieh
Published: November 2018

An analysis of the nature of sources cited by authors of articles published in the JMR and JM yields insight into the structure and boundaries of the marketing discipline.
More Evidence on Interpersonal Yielding
Authors: Reingen Peter H. , Kernan Jerome B.
Published: November 2018

The relative effectiveness of the foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face techniques in inducing subjects to comply with a commercial request for information was assessed in a field experiment. Although foot-in-the-door was found to be more effective than door-in-the-face, contrary to expectations the behavioral compliance rate was not significantly different from control outcomes. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Reducing the Costs of TV Commercials by Use of Time Compressions
Authors: Maclachlan James , Siegel Michael H.
Published: November 2018

The amount of time needed to broadcast a television commercial can be reduced by means of an electronic process called time compression. A 30-second commercial can be broadcast in 24 seconds by this process. No shift occurs in voice pitch and subjects are not aware that commercials have been altered. Recall scores are substantially higher for time compressed commercials than for their normal speed counterparts. There is a 36% increase in unaided recall scores and a 40% increase in aided recall scores.
Determination of Optimal Sample Sizes in the Beta-Binomial Brand Choice Model
Authors: Givon Moshe M.
Published: November 2018

Estimation of parameters in stochastic models of brand choice behavior requires the determination of two sample sizes: the number of consumers and the number of purchase occasions observed for each consumer. A method for determination of optimal sample sizes is presented and illustrated by an application to the beta-binomial model.
Predicting Response Speed in Mail Surveys
Authors: Huxley Stephen J.
Published: November 2018

All mail surveys encounter resistance when they arrive at their destination because they must compete with all other elements in the respondent's environment for his or her time and cooperation. This resistance varies in degree from survey to survey but the pattern of responses it generates over time is remarkably consistent for all surveys: relatively rapid returns in the early stages followed by a gradual tapering off. This pattern can be described by a simple mathematical function, the modified exponential, which relates response rates to elapsed time. The purpose of this article is to indicate how the parameters of this function can be estimated, and how it can be used to predict response speed, forecast the time needed to achieve a desired number of responses, or estimate the number of questionnaires that ought to be mailed out initially.
Evaluation of Conjoint Analysis Results: A Comparison of Methods
Authors: Acito Franklin , Jain Arun K.
Published: November 2018

Three methods for evaluating conjoint analysis results are described and compared. Each of the methods is applied to a data base that involved three separate conjoint analysis tasks for 249 respondents.
A Reexamination of Group Influence on Member Brand Preference
Authors: Ford Jeffrey D. , Ellis Elwood A.
Published: November 2018

A direct replication of Stafford's experiment on the role of group influence on member brand preferences for bread was conducted. Findings contrary to those of Stafford were obtained, indicating that products which are low in visibility, complexity, and perceived risk and high in testability are not susceptible to group influence.
A New Model for Predicting Behavioral Intentions: An Alternative to Fishbein
Authors: Warshaw Paul R.
Published: November 2018

The Fishbein intention model often produces weak and inconsistent predictions in marketing applications. Of equal concern, high multicollinearity between independent variables is typical. A new intention model was developed and tested. Results show high stability, reliability, and predictiveness across diverse test products, with very low intercorrelations between explanatory variables.
Television Commercial Wearout: An Information Processing View
Authors: Calder Bobby J. , Sternthal Brian
Published: November 2018

Repetition of a pattern of television commercials caused wearout in viewers’ evaluation of the commercials and the products being advertised. As predicted by an information processing view, wearout was not forestalled by strategies designed to enhance attention.
Applied Dynamic Pricing and Production Models with Specific Application to Broadcast Spot Pricing
Authors: Lodish Leonard M.
Published: November 2018

Easily implemented dynamic models for pricing and production or ordering decisions are developed for products or services whose value to the consumer may be changing over time. The models are easily solved by brute force dynamic programming. Implementation examples of models for broadcast pricing are presented.
The Optimal Number of Response Alternatives for a Scale: A Review
Authors: Cox Eli P.
Published: November 2018

A conceptual framework employing the distinction between stimulus-centered and subject-centered scales is presented as a basis for reviewing 80 years of literature on the optimal number of response alternatives for a scale. Concepts and research from information theory and the absolute judgment paradigm of psychophysics are used. The author reviews the major factors influencing the quality of scaled information, points out areas in particular need of additional research, and makes some recommendations for the applied researcher.
Policy-Related Experiments on Information Provision: A Normative Model and Explication
Authors: Houston Michael J. , Rothschild Michael L.
Published: November 2018

As government agencies have become more proactive they have begun to conduct prospective impact evaluation studies. Laboratory experimentation is an appropriate method for such studies. The authors discuss relevant issues and normative values to be considered in developing and evaluating such research in a public policy setting. An explication of the model in a policy case is presented.
Financial Terms of Sale and Control of Marketing Channel Conflict
Authors: Levy Michael , Grant Dwight
Published: November 2018

As interest rates increase, financial terms of sale become a more important source of funds for customers and a more expensive cost for suppliers. As each party seeks to satisfy self-interest, channel conflict may occur. The authors explore terms both normatively and positively. This discussion leads to managerial implications useful for avoiding channel conflict.
Estimation and Forecast Performance of a Multivariate Time Series Model of Sales
Authors: Moriarty Mark , Salamon Gerald
Published: November 2018

A unique form of a multivariate time series model—a “seemingly unrelated autoregressive moving average” model (SURARMA)—is developed in the context of forecasting unit sales of a product in four states. Data from an anonymous firm are used to test the appropriateness of the model and are found to conform to the model's constraints. The model provides substantial improvement in parameter estimation efficiency and forecast performance in comparison with individual state univariate models. SURARMA is potentially relevant to many market forecasting problems involving multiple constituent time series subunits such as states, regions, or products from a product line.
Integrating Compositional and Decompositional Analyses to Represent the Intervening Role of Perceptions in Evaluative Judgments
Authors: Holbrook Morris B.
Published: November 2018

In the study of preference formation, compositional methods (e.g., linear compensatory attitude models) and decompositional techniques (e.g., conjoint analysis) have developed along relatively separate paths. The author attempts to integrate these two approaches via a two-stage model of evaluative judgment whose testing incorporates aspects of both analytic procedures. Specifically, the overall effect of objective product features on affect is broken down into a compositional relationship of affect to perceptions (i.e., attitude structure) and a decompositional analysis of the dependence of perceptions on product features (i.e., psychophysical relations). The approach is illustrated by a study of aesthetic preferences among piano performances differing in four factorially arrayed musical features (tempo, rhythm, dynamics, and phrasing). An integration of decompositional and compositional methods generates a summary path-analytic diagram that clearly represents the process wherein objective product features shape perceptions which, in turn, determine affect. This integrative approach appears to be applicable in several marketing contexts.
Advertising and Public Policy: The Macroeconomic Effects of Advertising
Authors: Jacobson Robert , Nicosia Franco M.
Published: November 2018

Four research traditions on the effects of advertising are identified, and one of them—the tradition of macroeconomic studies—is carefully differentiated from the other three. A review of this macro tradition is undertaken to retrace the kinds of questions raised about the macro effects of advertising, evaluate the statistical procedures used to ascertain the causal nature of macro advertising relationships, and specify the ideal research design for studying advertising macro effects. Moving toward the implementation of this design, the authors present and interpret the findings from the first stage of their work. Emphasis is on the relevance of macro studies for public policy makers (legislators, regulators, and courts), whose decisions affect the life of the advertising institution, and for those advertisers, agencies, and media that can understand and apply the implications of the information provided by macro studies.
Linking Product Features to Perceptions: Self-Stated versus Statistically Revealed Importance Weights
Authors: Neslin Scott A.
Published: November 2018

The author compares self-stated and statistical techniques for linking product features to perceptions. An empirical application shows an analysis of variance model to be superior with respect to predictive validity, and thus supports the use of statistical rather than self-stated methods for linking features to perceptions.
Model Misspecification in Multiattribute Parameter Estimation
Authors: Carmone Frank J. , Green Paul E.
Published: November 2018

Most applications of conjoint analysis have emphasized main-effects models, largely because fewer data points are needed to fit that type of model at the individual level. The authors suggest that such simplifications can lead to poor predictions when the underlying utility functions depart from the simplicity of a main-effects model. They also show how compromise designs, which allow orthogonal estimation of selected two-way interactions (as well as main effects), can provide a more general experimental design in cases where a specified set of two-way interactions is suspected.
Alternative Estimation Methods for Conjoint Analysis: A Monté Carlo Study
Authors: Wittink Dick R. , Cattin Philippe
Published: November 2018

Conjoint analysis has been applied in a large number of commercial projects as well as in many noncommercial studies. Often MONANOVA, a nonmetric technique, is applied to a preference rank order obtained for a set of hypothetical objects. The authors report simulation results obtained for four alternative estimation procedures, ANOVA, LINMAP, LOGIT, and MONANOVA. The results suggest, within the limitations of the simulation study, that ANOVA may be the preferred procedure for compensatory models, whereas LINMAP is most likely to provide the best predictive validity for models with a dominant attribute.
The Design of Advertising Experiments Using Statistical Decision Theory: An Extension
Authors: Ginter James L. , Cooper Martha C. , Obermiller Carl , Page Thomas J.
Published: November 2018

The comparison of classical statistics and decision theory approaches to evaluation of advertising experiments is extended beyond Blattberg's focus on incorporation of prior judgment. Explicit consideration of risk provides a clearer comparison of these two analytic approaches.
Social Class versus Income Revisited: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Schaninger Charles M.
Published: November 2018

In the early 1970s several studies refuted the superiority of social class to income as a basis for segmenting the markets for a wide variety of durable and nondurable goods. This study also examines the relative effectiveness of social class and income, as well as their combination, over a wide range of consumption areas. The author uses frequency of usage criteria for nondurables and quality or feature-level indices for durables. MANOVA, ANOVA, and loglinear modeling results show social class to be superior to income in segmenting food and non-soft drink/non-alcoholic beverage markets, as well as shopping behavior and evening television viewing. Income is superior to social class for major appliances, soft drinks, mixers, and alcoholic beverages. The combination of income and social class is superior for makeup and clothing, as well as automobile and television ownership, and thus a modified form of the relative income and status incongruence hypotheses is supported.
Dimensions of Consumer Information Seeking Behavior
Authors: Kiel Geoffrey C. , Layton Roger A.
Published: November 2018

In a comprehensive study of the behaviors and correlates of information seeking by Australian new car buyers, the authors examine three dimensions of information seeking—a sources of information dimension, a brand dimension, and a time dimension. Cluster analysis is used to develop consumer taxonomies of search behavior based on measurements of each of the dimensions. The resulting taxonomies are a high search group, a low search group, and three clusters collectively styled selective information seekers. Examination of the correlates of the individual search dimensions suggests that only certain predictors of search behavior are related to the different search dimensions.
Using S-Shaped Curves to Predict Response Rates
Authors: Hill Richard W.
Published: November 2018

Data used to fit an exponential growth model to the number of questionnaires returned over a 17-week period are re-examined and used to fit a limited growth model. The limited growth model appears to fit the data better.
A Model of Multiattribute Judgments under Attribute Uncertainty and Informational Constraint
Authors: Meyer Robert J.
Published: November 2018

A multiattribute judgment model is advanced which is purported to characterize how consumers form evaluations of products when information about products’ attributes is limited and variability or unreliability is present within attributes. The model is based on the hypothesis that the subjective value consumers associate with a product attribute can be represented in terms of a weighted average of the value of the information they have received about that attribute and the perceived mean value of that attribute within the product class. This average is integrated with the consumer's perception of the amount of variability both within and between other alternatives on that attribute—a measure of uncertainty. A series of laboratory experiments testing aspects of the model are described. Results support both the model's predictions and aspects of its structure.
Exploring the Special Education Advocacy Process According to Families and Advocates
Authors: Burke Meghan M. , Rios Kristina , Lee Chung eun
Published: November 2018

Although many parents report needing advocates to receive special education services for their children with disabilities, the advocacy process is largely unexplored especially in relation to school and child outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the special education advocacy process by conducting interviews with nine parent–advocate dyads. Findings indicate that advocates and parents agreed on the advocacy process. Participants reported that schools often responded positively to the advocate; however, some schools were confrontational and surprised. Regardless of the school’s response, advocates and parents perceived that advocacy positively influenced child and family outcomes. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.
The State of the Science of Natural Family Planning Fifty Years after Humane Vitae: A Report from NFP Scientists’ Meeting Held at the US Conference of Catholic Bishops, April 4, 2018
Authors: Manhart Michael D. , Fehring Richard J.
Published: November 2018

A one-day meeting of physicians, professional nurses, and scientists actively involved in Natural Family Planning (NFP) research was held to review the state of the science of NFP and consider future priorities. The meeting had four objectives: (i) determine the gaps in research evidence for secure methods of NFP among women of all reproductive categories, (ii) determine the gaps in the research and development of new technology for providing NFP services, (iii) determine the gaps in the research that determine the benefits and challenges with use of NFP among married couples, and (iv) provide prioritized ideas for future research needs from the analysis of evidence gaps from objectives above. This article summarizes the discussion and conclusions drawn from topics reviewed. While much has been accomplished in the fifty years since Humane vitae, there are still many gaps to address. Five areas for future research in NFP were identified as high priority: (1) well-designed method effectiveness studies among various reproductive categories including important subpopulations (postpartum, perimenopause, posthormonal contraceptive), normally cycling women (especially US women), and comparative studies between NFP methods; (2) validation studies to establish the benefit of charting fertility signs (both currently known and potential new indicators) as a screening tool for women’s health issues; (3) ongoing independent evaluation of fertility monitoring apps to provide users perspective on the relative merits of each and to identify those most worthy of further effectiveness testing; (4) studies evaluating the impact of new technologies on NFP adoption, use, and persistence; and (5) creation of a shared database across various NFP methods to collaborate on shared research interests, longitudinal studies, and so on.

This summarizes a meeting to review the scientific and medical progress related to natural family planning made in the 50 years since Humane Vitae and to define priorities for future work. Areas reviewed included the evidence for avoiding pregnancy in normally cycling, postpartum, and perimenopausal women, the impact of new technology, including fertility charting apps, on NFP, and the impact on relationships and personal well-being from use of NFP. Five priority focus areas for future research were also identified.
Prediction Model of Academic Performance and Satisfaction With School According to Some Subjects of Compulsory Secondary Education
Authors: Baños Raúl , Baena-Extremera Antonio , Ortiz-Camacho María del Mar
Published: November 2018

The purpose of the study was to know which subjects in the curriculum best predict school satisfaction and boredom as well as the student’s academic grade. The sample was of 680 adolescents of physical education (339 males, 341 females) with age between 12 and 18 years (M = 14.83; SD = 1.45). We used a questionnaire composed of the satisfaction scales with the subjects, intrinsic satisfaction in the school and related to academic grades. Descriptive analyses, correlations, and structural regression models were performed. The high levels of satisfaction and academic performance in physical education stand out. In the structural model, English is the subject that most predicts academic grades, while language predicts satisfaction at school and physical education boredom at it.
Housing market resilience: Neighbourhood and metropolitan factors explaining resilience before and after the US housing crisis
Authors: Wang Kyungsoon
Published: November 2018

The advent of the millennium witnessed unparalleled volatility in the housing market, a cycle of bust and recovery to which some US neighbourhoods were resilient and others not. Most planning scholars interested in resilience have paid little attention to examining the resilience of the housing market to economic shocks at the neighbourhood level across the USA. Using cluster analysis and hierarchical linear models, together with changes in housing prices, this study examines patterns and drivers explaining neighbourhood resilience within the context of metropolitan housing markets over periods of housing boom, bust, and recovery. Findings suggest that neighbourhood and metropolitan factors associated with housing market resilience varied across space and time: housing and mortgage market conditions affected neighbourhood recovery in the relatively short term while most urban form variables affected recovery over the long term. In addition, the associations and recovery patterns varied among the types of metropolitan areas, showing that neighbourhoods in strong markets had more drivers of resilience and reverted to their original status more quickly than those in weak markets, highlighting the growth of regional housing disparity during the housing recovery. Across the nation, however, home values in neighbourhoods that experienced more extreme periods of boom and bust underwent short-lived depreciation during the recession but long-term appreciation. This study should help policy makers establish sound policies that stabilise neighbourhoods and prevent future downturns.
Simultaneous use of two rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of Chagas disease
Authors: Mendicino Diego , Colussi Carlina , Moretti Edgardo
Published: November 2018

The sensitivity of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for Chagas disease is not great enough for their single use. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the performance of two RDTs for Chagas disease, used simultaneously. Two different RDTs (A and B) were performed in 64 and 42 serum samples that were negative and positive, respectively, by conventional serological techniques. Validity and reliability of both tests were evaluated individually and simultaneously. Sensitivity was 90.5% and 97.6%, and specificity was 100% and 93.8%, for RDT A and B, respectively. The κ statistic was 0.96. When both RDTs were used simultaneously, sensitivity was 97.4%, specificity was 100% and the discordance percentage 6.6%. The combined use of two RDTs with serum samples is an acceptable application in healthcare centres.
Breaking up the ‘precariat’: Personalisation, differentiation and deindividuation in precarious work groups
Authors: Manolchev Constantine , Saundry Richard , Lewis Duncan
Published: November 2018

Much-debated and researched, the subject of precarious work remains at the forefront of academic and policy discourses. A development of current interest is the reported growth of employment flexibility and increase in non-standard and atypical work, regarded by some as contributing to the emergence of a class-like ‘precariat’ of insecure and marginalised workers. However, this precariat framework remain largely untested and underexplored. Using in-depth narratives from 77 semi-structured interviews with workers from groups within the precariat spectrum, in this article the authors address this gap. The study finds that cohesion within and between these groups is overstated, and worker collectivisation far from apparent. As a result, this diversity of group dynamics, attitudes and experiences challenges not only negative conceptualisations of the precariat in the literature, but the theoretical validity of the precariat framework itself.
Republican food sovereignty
Authors: Bonotti Matteo
Published: November 2018

This article defends a republican understanding of food sovereignty, according to which food sovereignty is the freedom of people to make choices related to food production, distribution and consumption in a non-dominated way, that is, without being subject to the arbitrary or uncontrolled interference of governments, international bodies and multinational corporations. Food sovereignty as non-domination, the article claims, should be guaranteed through the creation of (and the enhancement of existing) international agencies enforcing and monitoring impartial rules concerning food production, distribution and consumption, based on deliberation conducted according to publicly acceptable reasons both within and across states. Crucially, such agencies should be subject to the scrutiny and contestation of both official bodies and social movements. The republican model of food sovereignty, the article concludes, offers a more realistic framework than currently dominant participatory models of food sovereignty for tackling issues of food production, distribution and consumption in contemporary diverse societies.
Effects of isokinetic muscle strengthening on muscle strength, mobility, and gait in post-stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pontes Sarah Souza , de Carvalho Ana Louise Reis , Almeida Katna de Oliveira , Neves Murilo Pires , Ribeiro Schindler Ingara Fernanda Silva , Alves Iura Gonzalez Nogueira , Arcanjo Fabio Luciano , Gomes-Neto Mansueto
Published: November 2018

Objective:

To investigate whether isokinetic muscle strengthening improves muscle strength, mobility, and gait in post-stroke patients.

Methods:

We searched for randomized controlled trials at PubMed/Medline, SciELO, PEDro, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from the earliest date available to June 2018. Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of isokinetic muscle strengthening versus other rehabilitation interventions or control in post-stroke patients were included. Study quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test.

Results:

In total, 13 studies (347 patients) focusing on the use of isokinetic in rehabilitation following stroke were included. All trials were of low-to-moderate quality. Isokinetic muscle strengthening improved muscle strength WMD 0.8 (95% CI: 0.2, 1.4; N = 96), mobility WMD −2.03 seconds (95% CI: −2.9, −1.1; N = 111) and gait speed WMD 0.9 m/s (95% CI: 0.05, 1.8; N = 87).

Conclusion:

Isokinetic muscle strengthening seems to be a useful strategy for improving muscle strength, mobility, and gait in post-stroke patients.
Parental Supervision, Executive Functions, and Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Chinese Immigrant and Italian Nonimmigrant Early Adolescents in Italy
Authors: Miconi Diana , Moscardino Ughetta , Altoè Gianmarco , Salcuni Silvia
Published: November 2018

The current study aimed to examine whether executive functioning (EF) moderates the expected association between poor parental supervision and emotional-behavioral problems among early adolescents with and without a migration background in Italy. In total, 97 Chinese immigrant and 165 Italian nonimmigrant early adolescents, aged 11 to 13 years (52% girls), completed a series of performance and computer-based tasks assessing their EFs, whereas primary caregivers rated their own parental supervision and their offspring’s emotional-behavioral problems. Regression analyses indicated that in both groups, a better working memory capacity was associated with fewer problems. Moreover, low levels of inhibitory control strengthened the association between poor parental supervision and emotional-behavioral problems. In addition, among Chinese immigrant youth, higher levels of cognitive flexibility enhanced the link between poor parental supervision and emotional-behavioral problems. Results underscore the importance of parental supervision and EF processes for Chinese immigrant youths’ psychological functioning.