bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Seepage and Fracture Characteristics of Cemented Rock Samples under Triaxial Stress
Authors: Li Chong , He Sifeng
Published: November 2021

To study the seepage and fracture characteristics of cemented rock strata, a series of triaxial seepage tests on cemented rock samples under different confining pressures and water pressures were carried out in this study. The triaxial strength, elastic modulus, volume strain, and the permeability of the cemented rock samples were analyzed by the seepage unit connection probability model and Kozeny-Carman model. Based on test results, the stress state of cemented rock samples was divided into four stages: nonlinear compaction stage, linear elastic stage, stress yield stage, and failure and postfailure stage. The triaxial strength of the cemented rock samples gradually increased with the increase of confining pressure but decreased with the increase of water pressure. The elastic modulus of the cemented rock sample increased with the increase of confining pressure but decreased with the increase of water pressure. Besides, the volume strain of the cemented rock sample was analyzed, and the volume strain change of the cemented rock sample was also classified into three stages: the increasing stage of crack volume strain, the stable stage of crack volume strain, and the decreasing stage of crack volume strain. Based on the results of triaxial seepage tests, the evolution of permeability was divided into the declining stage, increasing stage, and redescend stage. Through the seepage unit connection probability model and Kozeny-Carman model, the evolution of crack volume was obtained, and the evolution of crack volume with axial strain was also classified into three stages: the original pore closure stage, crack network expansion stage, and crack network closure stage. The permeability evolution and the crack volume evolution were also compared. The comparison results suggest that three stages of crack volume evolution are all ahead of three stages of permeability evolution, verifying that the crack propagation induces the formation of seepage channels in cemented rock samples. This research will provide a valuable reference for the study of instability and water inrush mechanism in cemented rock strata.
Characteristics and main risk factors correlated to nausea and vomiting after painless digestive endoscopy
Authors: Wu Dan , Xi Cai-Fen , Zhang Ling , Xu Peng , Chen Zhi
Published: November 2021

Background

Nausea and vomiting is relatively frequent after painless digestive endoscopy. It not only occurs after surgery, but may also occur after painless digestive endoscopy. Here we study the characteristics and main risk factors associated with nausea and vomiting after painless digestive endoscopy.
Methods

A retrospective analysis of 1336 patients who had undergone painless digestive endoscopy in our hospital from January 2020 to May 2020 was performed. The incidence and timing of nausea and vomiting was examined, and the risk factors of nausea and vomiting of painless digestive endoscopy were analyzed.
Results

57 cases had nausea or vomiting (4.3% of 1336 cases, female to male ratio 3.38:1, average age 49.49 ± 13.30 years). 55 cases had nausea (4.1%) and 39 cases had vomiting (2.9%). Nausea and vomiting mostly occur within 6 hours after painless digestive endoscopy. In one-way analysis of variance, female, weight less than 60kg, diazoxide dose exceeding 2.5 mg, history of motion sickness, and history of smoke had significant correlation with nausea and vomiting, while female (OR=3.640, P=0.001), weight less than 60kg (OR 0.942, P=0.001), diazoxide dose exceeding 2.5 mg (OR=2.074, P=0.000) were independent risk factors of nausea and vomiting after painless digestive endoscopy by logistic regression analysis.
Conclusions

In our patients, female, weight less than 60kg and the dosage of diazoxide more than 2.5mg are the main risk factors of nausea and vomiting after painless digestive endoscopy. This study suggests that the dose of diazoxide no more than 2.5mg may reduce the occurrence of nausea and vomiting after painless digestive endoscopy.
Interpretable Machine Learning Model to Predict Rupture of Small Intracranial Aneurysms and Facilitate Clinical Decision
Authors: Xiong WeiGen , Chen TingTing , Zhao ZhiHong , Li XueMei , Shan YaJie , Guo LeHeng , Xiang Lan , Chu Dong , Zhao Zheng , Fan HongWei , Li YingBin , Zou JianJun
Published: November 2021

Estimating the rupture risk of small intracranial aneurysms (IAs) to determine whether to treat is difficult but crucial. We aimed to construct and external validation a convenient machine learning (ML) model for assessing the rupture risk of small IAs.1004 patients with small IAs recruited from two hospitals were included in our retrospective research. The patients at hospital 1 were stratified into training (70%) and internal validation set (30%) randomly, and the patients at hospital 2 were used for external validation. We selected predictive features using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method, and constructed five ML models applying diverse algorithms including random forest classifier (RFC), categorical boosting (CatBoost), support vector machine (SVM) with linear kernel, light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis provided interpretation for the best ML model.The training, internal and external validation cohorts included 658, 282, and 64 IAs, respectively. The best performance was presented by SVM as AUC of 0.817 in the internal [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.769-0.866] and 0.893 in the external (95% CI, 0.808-0.979) validation cohorts, overperformed than the PHASES score significantly (all P < 0.001). SHAP analysis showed maximum size, location and irregular shape were the top three important features to predict rupture. Our SVM model based on readily accessible features presented satisfying ability of discrimination in predicting the rupture IAs with small size. Morphological parameters made important contributions to prediction result.
Impacts of Study Area Spatial Form on Co-location Quotient Analysis: Evidence From Medical Resources Distribution in Wuhan City
Authors: Chen Qiao , Cheng Jianquan , Tu Jianguang
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThere is a sharp contradiction between supply and demand of medical resources in provincial capitals of China. Understanding the spatial patterns of medical resources and identifying their spatial association and heterogeneity is a prerequisite to ensuring limited resources are allocated fairly and optimally, which, along with improvements to urban residents’ quality of life, is a key aim of healthy city planning. MethodLocalised co-location quotient (LCLQ) analysis has been used successfully to measure directional spatial associations and heterogeneity between categorical point data. Using point of interest data and the LCLQ method, this paper presents the first analysis of spatial patterns and directional spatial associations between six medical resources across Wuhan city, and evaluates the impact of study area spatial form (considered as a new dimension of spatial scale) on spatial analysis. The unique morphology of Wuhan city, which is bisected by the Yangtze River, is used to assess the impacts on LCLQ analysis and the seeking behaviour of medical resources.ResultsThis paper demonstrated the impacts of the spatial form of a study area on the global and local values of LCLQ of local-level medical resources. When splitting the city into multiple data sets (e.g. regions A and B in this paper), the global and local LCLQ values for pharmacies, clinics and community hospitals changed signficantly in both regions after the spatial partition. The border areas between regions A and B were influenced most.ConclusionThis paper focused on the impacts of the unique spatial form of the study area created by large-scale natural barriers. we should not ignore the impacts of the unique spatial form of the study area created by large-scale natural barriers such as mountains, rivers or lakes. The findings highlight another form of multiscale analysis in urban GIS.
Clinical and Sociodemographic Risk Factors Associated With the Development of Second Primary Cancers Among Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Bailey Stacyann , Ezratty Charlotte , Mhango Grace , Lin Jenny
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Advances in breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and treatment have increased the number of long-term survivors. Consequently, survivors of primary BC are at a greater risk of developing second primary cancers (SPCs). The risk factors for SPCs among BC survivors including sociodemographic, cancer treatment, comorbidities, and other medications have not been comprehensively examined. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence and clinicopathologic factors associated with risk of SPCs. Methods: We analyzed 170, 639 women with early-stage primary BC diagnosed between January 2000-December 2015 from the Medicare-linked Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER-Medicare) database. SPC was defined as any diagnosis of malignancy occurring within the study period and at least two months after primary BC diagnosis. Univariate analyses compared baseline characteristics between those who developed a SPC and those who did not. We evaluated the cause-specific hazard of developing a SPC in the presence of death as a competing risk.Results: Of the study cohort, 20,838 (12%) of BC survivors developed a SPC and BC was the most common SPC type (32%). The median time to SPC was 42 months. Women who were white, older, and with fewer comorbidities were more likely to develop a SPC. While statins [hazard ratio (HR) 1.060 (1.016 - 1.106)] and anti-hypertensives [HR 1.517 (1.461 – 1.575)] increased the hazard of developing a SPC, aromatase inhibitor therapy [HR 0.588 (0.542 – 0.638)] and bisphosphonates [HR 0.897 (0.848 – 0.949)] were associated with a decreased hazard of developing any SPC, including non-breast SPCs.Conclusion: Our study shows that specific clinical factors including type of cancer treatment, medications, and comorbidities are associated with increased risk for the development of SPCs among older BC survivors. These results can increase patient and clinician awareness, target cancer screening among BC survivors, as well as developing risk-adapted management strategies.
Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals miR-524-5p/MEF2C Regulates Bone Metastasis in Prostate Cancer and Breast Cancer
Authors: Tian Qinghua , Lu Yingying , Yan Bicong , Wu Chun-gen
Published: November 2021

Background

Bone metastases are high prevalence in advanced prostate cancer and breast cancer patients, which have a serious impact on the quality of life and survival time of patients. Abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been reported in different types of cancer and metastasis. However, the underlying miRNAs associated with prostate and breast cancer bone metastasis remains unknown.
Methods

We performed bioinformatics analysis for TCGA cohort to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and their targets in the metastatic process.
Results

QPCR confirmed that miR-524-5p expression was down-regulated in prostate and breast cancer cell. And miR-524-5p over-expression restrained cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis ability in prostate and breast cancer. Meanwhile, miR-524-5p specifically targeting MEF2C was verified by luciferase assay.
Conclusions

In conclusion, our data strongly suggests down-regulation of miR-524-5p appears as a precocious event in prostate and breast cancer, and MEF2C emerges as a new player in prostate and breast cancer bone metastasis.
Percutaneous Revascularization for Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yu , Cui Wenhao , Wang Jukun , Song Jipeng , Chen Xin , Zhang Chao , Zhu Linzhong , Cui Shijun , Luo Tao
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether percutaneous revascularization (PR) was as effective and safe as medication therapy alone in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS).Methods: We searched Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library databases from their inception to July 31, 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting PR for ARAS. RevMan 5.3 was employed to conduct the analysis.Results: Of 469 screened studies, 9 were included in our study. A total of 2433 patients with ARAS were recorded. The results demonstrated that PR and medication had a similar antihypertensive effect on both systolic [mean difference (MD)= 0.37, 95% CI: -1.37 to 2.11, p= 0.68] and diastolic blood pressure (MD= -0.75, 95% CI: -2.84 to 1.34, p= 0.48). Meanwhile, there were no differences in all-cause mortality [risk ratio (RR) = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.74-1.10, p=0.31)], stroke (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.53-1.98, p=0.32), congestive heart failure (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.70-1.14, p= 0.36), and periprocedural complications (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.72-1.10, p=0.28).Conclusions: The results revealed that PR was as effective and safe as medication therapy alone in patients with ARAS.
Phylogenetic Analysis and Searching Bovine Papillomaviruses in Teat Papillomatosis Cases in Cattle by Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Transmission Electron Microscopy Methods
Authors: Yildirim Yakup , Kale Mehmet , Özmen Özlem , Çağırgan Abdurrahman Anıl , Hasırcıoğlu Sibel , Küçük Ali , Usta Ayşegül , Sökel Sevinç
Published: November 2021

Papillomaviruses are epitheliotropic viruses causing proliferations in skin, mucosa and various internal organs in different animal species. Especially due to lesions it causes in teats of cattle, it leads to important economical losses in milk sector. In this study, the aim was to diagnose bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) causing teat papillomas in cattle by immunohistochemical, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular methods and to detect the defect on tissues by the virus using histopathological method. In addition to this, sequence analysis of the isolated field strains were to be carried out and their genetic and phylogenetic closeness with the strains within the literature were to be detected. After confirming teat papillomatosis in the collected samples using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods, other diagnosis methods were then used. During the TEM examination of teat lesions, intranuclear virus particles were seen in epithelium cells. After carrying out PCR using degenerate primers and type specific primers, 7 samples were detected as positive for BPV and these samples were used for typing using sequence analysis/PCR with type-specific primers. Within these analysis, three out of seven BPV isolates we collected from infected teat tissues of different cattle were detected as BPV-6, two as BPV-10, one as BPV-2 and one as BPV-8. Five isolates we isolated during sequence analysis of positive samples were found in Xipapillomavirus 1 genus, one in Epsilonpapillomavirus 1 genus and another in Deltapapillomavirus genus. As a result, in molecular diagnosis of BPV that takes place in etiology of teat papillomas, using type specific primers proved to be useful following the usage of genotyping in molecular diagnosis of BPV and generate primers in characterization. Detecting BPV types and their prevalence, taking biosafety measures in animal breeding and giving importance to vaccine studies was considered essential.
A New Method for Establishing Operative Channels in Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Surgery: Technical Notes and Preliminary Results
Authors: Dai Jun , Liu Xiao-feng , Wang Qian-liang , Peng Yu-jian , Zhang Qian-zhong-yi , Yan Jun
Published: November 2021

Background

At present, there are no new method for establishing operative channels for the unilateral biportal endoscopic(UBE)system.
Objective

This paper describes a new method for establishing operative channels in UBE surgery. Meanwhile, we assessed the preliminary efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy (UBED) in treating degenerative disc disease.
Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 52 patients who underwent UBED from February 2020 to August 2020 via our new method. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were measured preoperatively and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Repeated measures one-way analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) was performed to compare the pre-and postoperative VAS scores and ODIs. Post hoc pairwise comparisons (paired t-tests) was used to compare the postoperative VAS scores and ODIs.
Results

The postoperative ODIs and VAS scores of low back pain and leg pain were significantly lower than those before surgery, and differences were statistically significant (all p < 0.05). Further pairwise comparisons brought out significant differences in the ODI at each time point after surgery (all p < 0.008). Significant differences were found in the VAS score of leg pain between 1 month and 6 months, 1 month and 12 months, and 3 months and 12 months (all p < 0.008). Pairwise comparisons in the VAS score of back pain between 1 month and 12 months differences (p < 0.008).
Conclusion

The modified channel establishment can provide a clear field of view in UBE surgery. UBED can yield a satisfactory curative effect in treating degenerative disc disease.
Complementary feeding hygiene practice and associated factors among mothers with children aged 6–24 months in tegedie district, Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: mersha Habtam AYENEW , yallew walelegn worku , azanaw Jember , Tadege Gardew , zeleke Agerie mengistie
Published: November 2021

IntroductionHygienic practice of mothers during complementary feeding is crucial in the protection of vulnerable infants and children aged 6–24 months from childhood communicable diseases like diarrheal and malnutrition. However, sufficient evidence on hygienic practice of mothers during complementary feeding and its associated factors is limited.ObjectiveTo determine the levels of complementary feeding hygiene practice and its associated factors among mothers of children aged 6–24 months in Tegedie district, northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 17 to April 17, 2021, among 576 mothers with children aged 6-24 months in Tegedie district northwest Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and it entered into Epi-data version 4.6, and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for data cleaning and further analysis. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regressions analysis were employed to identify predictors of complementary feeding hygiene practice with p-value < 0.25 enter into the multivariable logistic regression model. Then variables with p-value ≤ 0.05 in multivariable logistic regressions were considered as statistically significance.ResultsThe prevalence of hygienic practice during complementary feeding of their children aged 6-24 months was, 33.6% with 95% CI: (29.7%, 37.6%) of them had good practice. Living in urban areas [AOR= 7.02, 95% CI: (4.14, 11.88)], presence of hand washing facility near the latrine [AOR= 3.02, 95% CI: (1.18, 7.70)], presence of separate area to store raw and cooked foods [AOR= 5.87, 95% CI: (2.84, 12.13)] and presence of three-compartment dishwashing system [AOR= 5.70, 95% CI: (3.41, 9.54)] were significant predictors of hygienic complementary feeding practice.Conclusion and recommendationThe prevalence of good hygienic practice during complementary feeding among mothers was still low; the district health office and health extension workers should work to improve the maternal hygienic practices during complementary feeding practice.
Invoices Classification Using Deep Features Based on SME Perspectives
Authors: Azman Nurul Akmar , Mohamed Azlinah , Jamil Amsyar Mohmad
Published: November 2021

Automation is seen as a potential alternative in improving productivity in the twenty-first century. Invoicing is the essential foundation of accounting record keeping and serves as a critical foundation for law enforcement inspections by auditing agencies and tax authorities. With the rise of artificial intelligence, automated record keeping systems are becoming more widespread in major organizations, allowing them to do tasks in real time and with no effort as well as a decision-making tool. Despite the system's benefits, many small and medium-sized businesses, particularly in Malaysia, are hesitant to implement it. Invoices are mostly processed manually that prone to human errors and lower productivity of the company. Artificial intelligence will further improve automated invoice handling making it simpler and efficient for all levels of businesses especially the small and medium enterprise This study presents a deep learning approach on record keeping focusing on invoices recognition by detecting invoice image classification. The deep learning model used in this research including the classic architecture of Convolutional Neural Network and its other variation such as VGG-16, VGG-19 and ResNet-50. Besides that, the constrains and expectation of the system to be implemented in small and medium enterprise in Malaysia are also presented in the interview scores. The research highlighted a comparison result between deep learning model and the perspective of SME presented in the discussion section. ResNet-50 shows a significant value in both training and validation accuracy compared to the other models with 95.90% accuracy in training and 74.24% accuracy for validation data. Future work will look at the suggested other deep learning method and intelligence features to be implemented for a more efficient invoices recognition and for small and medium enterprise.
Exclusive breastfeeding rate and related factors among mothers within maternal health WeChat groups in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province, China: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Fu Chun Y. , Tang Xue J. , Pan Ling P. , Jin Hai Y. , Yao Juan F. , Wang Li-Zhong
Published: November 2021

Background

The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first six months are well recognized, but the EBF rate is still lower in China. WeChat, a most widely used communication application in China, is now used for maternal health education and management in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province, China. The aim of this study was to assess the EBF rate and its associated factors among the mothers within the maternal health WeChat groups.
Methods

This was a cross-sectional survey on healthy mothers with infants aged 7-12 months from seven maternal health WeChat groups in Jiaxing, China. Data including breastfeeding practice in the first six months, maternal sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, hospitalization information, work related factors and reasons for non-EBF were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire in October 2021. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors independently associated with EBF in the first six months.
Results

A total of 822 mothers were included in this study. Among them, 586 mothers exclusively breastfed their infants until six months with a EBF rate of 71.3%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that maternal age (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 0.948, 95% CI: 0.909-0.990) and perceived insufficient breast milk (AOR: 0.104, 95%CI: 0.072-0.150) were negatively associated with EBF, while EBF during hospitalization was positively associated with EBF within six months (AOR: 2.889, 95% CI: 2.014-4.143). The five of common reasons for non-EBF were no or insufficient breast milk (59.8%), return to work (23.9%), no flexible nursing breaks at work (18.2 %), infant crying or feeling tired or troubled with breastfeeding (9.7%), and nipple and breast problems (9.3%).
Conclusion

The EBF rate is higher among the mothers within maternal health WeChat groups. WeChat group model can be used to be a cost-effective and useful measure to promote EBF in China. However, perceived insufficient breast milk and work related factors are still the main barriers to EBF in this setting.
Comparison of Clinical, Radiological and Laboratory Findings in Discharged and Dead Patients With COVID-19 in Ilam Province, West of Iran
Authors: Kaffashian Mohammad Reza , Shirani Maryam , Koupaei Maryam , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Ahmadi Iraj , Mozafari Ali Ashraf , Nazari Ali , Heidary Mohsen , Khoshnood Saeed
Published: November 2021

Objective: COVID-19 is the last global threat which WHO confirmed it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. In the Middle East, Iran was the first country where the SARS-Cov-2 was detected. The epidemiological and economic challenges of Iran make this country a particularly relevant subject of study. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in hospitalized COVID-19 confirmed cases in Ilam province, west of Iran.Material and methods:Overall, 2204 hospitalized RT-PCR confirmed patients with COVID-19 were considered in this study. Electronic medical records, including clinical symptoms, radiological images, laboratory findings, and the comorbidities of patients with COVID-19 were collected and analyzed. In addition, the medication regimens used in these patients were evaluated. The patients were classified in discharged and died groups according to their outcomes. Then, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings as well as treatment regimens and underlying diseases were compared in these two groups.Results:Among the patients, 1209 (54.85%) were male and 995 (45.14%) were female. Pneumonia, dyspnea and cough, were the most common clinical data in both discharged and died groups. Among the comorbidities, COPD, and cancer were significantly more common in the dead patients than in the living. The results of laboratory tests showed that blood creatinine, BUN, ESR, Na+, WBC, and neutrophil count have increased in deceased group compared to the survivors. However, the lymphocyte count decreased in deceased patients. The evaluation of radiographs demonstrated that there were significant correlations between bilateral pneumonia, ground glass opacity, bilateral patchy shadowing, and pleural effusion with death. Conclusion:The current investigation indicated the special profile of COVID-19 in west of Iran. Discharged and dead patients with COVID-19 had distinct clinical, radiological and laboratory features, which were separated by principle component analysis. Identifying these characteristics of the disease would translate into the implementation of practical measures to improve results.
AI-based Analysis of Oral Lesions Using Novel Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Early Detection of Oral Cancer
Authors: Warin Kritsasith , Limprasert Wasit , Suebnukarn Siriwan , Jinaporntham Suthin , Jantana Patcharapon , Vicharueang Sothana
Published: November 2021

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in oncology have been developed rapidly with reported successes in recent years. This work aims to evaluate the performance of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms for the classification and detection of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in oral photographic images.Methods: A dataset comprising 980 oral photographic images was divided into 365 images of OSCC, 315 images of OPMDs and 300 images of non-pathological images. Multiclass image classification models were created by using DenseNet-169, ResNet-101, SqueezeNet and Swin-S. And multiclass object detection models were fabricated by using faster R-CNN, YOLOv5, RetinaNet and CenterNet2.Results: The AUC of multiclass image classification of CNN models was 0.71-1.00 and 0.80- 0.98 on OSCC and OPMDs, respectively. The AUC of multiclass CNN-base object detection models was 0.81-0.91 and 0.34-0.64 on OSCC and OPMDs, respectively. In comparison, CNN- based classification models exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of 0.72-0.99, 0.83-0.99 on OSCC and 0.74-0.95, 0.88-0.97 on OPMDs, respectively. These values were inline with the performance of oral and maxillofacial surgeons and superior to those of general practictioners (GPs).Conclusions: CNN-based models have potential for the identification of OSCC and OPMDs in oral photographic images and are expected to be a diagnostic tool to assist GPs for the early detection of oral cancer.
The Wear Detection of Mill-Grinding Tool Based on Acoustic Emission Sensor
Authors: Huang Wuzhen , Li Yuan , Wu Xian , Shen Jianyun
Published: November 2021

The monitoring of tool wear plays an important role in improving the processing efficiency and reducing the production cost of enterprises. This paper is focused on the detection of electroplated diamond mill-grinding tools by using the acoustic emission sensor. The wear stages of mill-grinding tools are divided into three parts, namely initial wear stage, normal wear stage, and severe wear stage. The characteristic parameter method and the waveform analysis method are applied to analyze the acoustic emission signals. The wear characteristics of the tool and workpiece in different wear stages are observed and analyzed. The results indicate that the acoustic emission waveform is relatively stable in the initial wear stage, and the continuous acoustic emission signal is dominated. Moreover, the diamond abrasive grains are mainly worn and slightly broken in the normal wear stage, and there are some pits on the machined workpiece surface after the initial wear stage. In the severe wear stage, most of the abrasive grains are broken or broken in a large area, and there are burst acoustic emission signals in the waveform.
OpenIaC: Open Infrastructure as Code - The Network is My Computer
Authors: Rong Chunming , Geng Jiahui , Hacker Thomas J. , Bryhni Haakon , Jaatun Martin G.
Published: November 2021

Modern information systems are built fron a complex composition of networks, infrastructure, devices, services, and applications, interconnected by data flows that are often private and financially sensitive. The 5G networks, which can create hyperlocalized services, have highlighted many of the deficiencies of current practices in use today to create and operate information systems. Emerging cloud computing techniques, such as Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) and elastic computing, o↵er a path for a future re-imagining of how we create, deploy, secure, operate, and retire information systems. In this paper, we articulate the position that a comprehensive new approach is needed for all OSI layers from layer 2 up to applications that are built on underlying principles that include reproducibility, continuous integration/continuous delivery, auditability, and versioning. There are obvious needs to redesign and optimize the protocols from the network layer to the application layer. Our vision seeks to augment existing Cloud Computing and Networking solutions with support for multiple cloud infrastructures and seamless integration of cloud-based microservices. To address these issues, we propose an approach named Open Infrastructure as Code (OpenIaC), which is an attempt to provide a common open forum to integrate and build on advances in cloud computing and blockchain to address the needs of modern information architectures. The main mission of our OpenIaC approach is to provide services based on the principles of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) among the federation of connected resources based on Decentralized Identity (DID). Our objectives include the creation of an open-source hub with fine-grained access control for an open and connected infrastructure of shared resources (sensing, storage, computing, 3D printing, etc.) managed by blockchains and federations. Our proposed approach has the potential to provide a path for developing new platforms, business models, and a modernized information ecosystem necessary for 5G networks.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, and Thermoluminiscence Mechanism In Radiation Shielding Cr2O3 - Ba(La)2SiO6 Glasses
Authors: GUNTU RK
Published: November 2021

The research on Cr2O3 doped SiO2 glasses is well known for advanced dielectrics. However, there are many other valuable properties associated with Cr2O3 inclusive various glasses. In this view, the current research aimed to develop the radiation shielding, elastically rich, and the EPR based Cr2O3 doped Ba(La)2SiO6 glass resource. Electron paramagnetic resonance, radiation shielding, and elastic studies have been employed to investigate the advanced characteristics. Structural characterization suggests glassy behavior with the Cr2O3 undoped glass. Whereas the other involved with Cr2O3 mol% shown with the ceramic behavior. The glass transition phenomena and forming abilities are studied with the help of differential thermal analysis techniques. Elastic studies have been done with the limit on the glasses, which suggests the glasses are flexible for elastic use. The electron paramagnetic resonance reports suggest high order of dipole-dipole super-exchange interaction and rhombohedral distortion within the glasses. Furthermore, we have tested the glasses for radiation shielding properties. The values of mass attenuation coefficient, radiation protection efficiency, mean free path, and energy absorption build-up factor of the glasses are measured and compared with values obtained with the help of standard photon shielding and dosimetry software. The studies indicate that the glasses developed are capable of radiation shielding. Upon 50 kGy, γ - irradiation, the thermoluminescence properties of the glasses are reported. The results found to be interesting, and reveal the resource developed are thermoluminescent at low activation energies. Furthermore, we have tested, the glasses for radiation shielding properties. Moreover, to introduce the detailed correlation between electron paramagnetic resonance, and thermoluminescence phenomenon, we have annealed the glasses under 0 to 300 oC temperature and upon the 0 to 50 kGy, γ - irradiation dose level. The electron paramagnetic resonance and thermoluminescence properties obtained for the glasses are highly correlative.
Non-planar Dynamics of a CFRP Cable with an External 1/3-order Subharmonic Resonance
Authors: Long Yang , Kang Hou Jun
Published: November 2021

Based on the non-planar vibration equations of a cable made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), the nonlinear behaviors of the cable are studied. The one-to-one internal resonance of the lowest in-plane and out-of-plane modes of the cable is investigated. Three different cases, namely, 1/3-order subharmonic resonance of the in-plane mode, 1/3-order subharmonic resonance of the out-of-plane mode and 1/3-order subharmonic resonance of both of the in-plane and out-of-plane modes are examined. The vibration equations of the cable are discretized by using Galerkin’s method. In this way, the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are obtained. The multiple time scale method is employed to solve the ODEs and the corresponding modulation equations are derived. Then, the response curves of the cable are obtained by using Newton-Raphson method and pseudo arclength algorithm. Meanwhile, the response curves of the CFRP cable are compared with those of the steel cable to explore the differences in nonlinear behaviors of the cables made of different materials. The results show that the CFRP cable has potential advantages over the steel cable from a nonlinear point of view.
A coupled multiphase Lagrangian-Eulerian fluid-dynamics framework for numerical simulation of Laser Metal Deposition process
Authors: Murer Mauro , Formica Giovanni , Milicchio Franco , Morganti Simone , Auricchio Ferdinando
Published: November 2021

We present a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) framework for the numerical simulation of the Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) process in 3D printing. Such a framework, comprehensive of both numerical formulations and solvers, aims at providing an exhaustive scenario of the process, where the carrier gas, modeled as an Eulerian incompressible fluid, transports metal powders, tracked as Langrangian discrete particles, within the 3D printing chamber. On the basis of heat sources coming from the laser beam and the heated substrate, the particle model is developed to interact with the carrier gas also by heat transfer and to evolve in a melted phase according to a growth law of the particle liquid mass fraction. Enhanced numerical solvers, characterized by a modified Netwon-Raphson scheme and a parallel algorithm for tracking particles, are employed to obtain both e ffi ciency and accuracy of the numerical strategy. In the perspective of investigating optimal design of the whole LMD process, we propose a sensitivity analysis specifically addressed to assess the influence of inflow rates, laser beams intensity, and nozzle channel geometry. Such a numerical campaign is performed with an in-house C++ code developed with the deal.II open source Finite Element library.
Species identification of larval fish in Hawaiian waters using DNA barcoding
Authors: xing bingpeng , Wang Chunguang , Wu Qiong , Wang Yanguo , Chen Xiaoyin , Sun Rouxin , Zhang Zhilan , Xiang Peng
Published: November 2021

Background: Correct identification of fish larvae is notably difficult, given that the morphological features at this stage of development are often poorly defined. However, obtaining such taxonomic information is of considerable importance from the perspectives of fisheries management and conservation. Results: In this study, we collected a total of 95 specimens of larval fish from Hawaiian waters, which we sought to identify using DNA barcoding based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences. Among these, 40 and 52 samples were accordingly identified to the species and genus levels, respectively. The determined average Kimura-2-parameter distances within species, genera, families, and orders were 0.72%, 25.99%, 26.30%, and 27.50%, respectively, and the mean interspecific distance was found to be 36-fold higher than the mean intraspecific distance. Conclusions: The results of this study provide convincing evidence that DNA barcoding can serve as an effective tool for the accurate species identification of larval fish in Hawaiian waters, and could thereby make a valuable contribution to species diversity surveys. The findings of this study can make a valuable contribution to our knowledge of the diversity and dispersal of larval fish in Hawaiian waters.
Evaluation of BH3 mimetics as a novel therapeutic strategy in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors:   , Ewald Larissa
Published: November 2021

BH3 mimetics are novel anticancer therapeutics that induce apoptosis by targeting anti‐apoptotic BCL‐2 proteins. Highly specific inhibitors of the main anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-2, BCL‐XL and MCL‐1 promise new opportunities for the treatment of AML. However, it is currently unclear which of these anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins represents the most promising target in AML. Therefore, we investigated the effect of BH3 mimetics targeting either BCL-2 (ABT-199, S55746), BCL-XL (A-1331852) or MCL-1 (S63845) on eleven AML cell lines. Drug sensitivity screening revealed heterogeneous sensitivity towards the different BH3 mimetics, with the best responses observed upon targeting of MCL-1. Selected cell lines that displayed sensitivity towards the specific BH3 mimetics underwent intrinsic apoptosis, which was characterized by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, exposure of phosphatidylserine and activation of caspases. Furthermore, S63845 turned out to displace BIMS and NOXA from MCL-1 to induce apoptotic cell death. Importantly, the translational relevance of this study was demonstrated by experiments in primary AML blasts, which displayed similar sensitivity towards BH3 mimetics as the cell lines did. Additionally, experiments with nonmalignant cells could confirm the clinical relevance of the MCL-1 inhibitor. There we could show, that S63845 does not cause cytotoxicity on HPCs at efficacious doses. In conclusion, our findings reveal that the inhibition of BCL-2 proteins, especially MCL-1, by BH3 mimetics can be a promising strategy in AML treatment.
Additional Nitrogen Application Reduced White Drupelet Disorder in ‘Sweetie Pie’ Blackberry
Authors: Stafne Eric T. , Ryals Jenny B. , Smith Barbara J.
Published: November 2021

White drupelet disorder (WDD) in blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus) is an abiotic condition resulting from a cultivar and environment interaction. Although high temperatures and light intensities have been implicated, little is known why this disorder manifests. Other factors, such as overall plant stress, may be contributing influences. In this study, three treatments were applied to examine whether the addition of nitrogen (N) can reduce WDD on ‘Sweetie Pie’ erect blackberry over three seasons. An initial 50 lb/acre (56.0 kg⋅ha–1) N was applied to all plots at budbreak. Two additional N application treatments of 100 kg⋅ha–1 were applied at one time (1×) or five, 20-kg⋅ha–1 applications (5×), spaced 1 week apart for 5 weeks starting at bloom. One control treatment of no additional N (0×) was also included. Berries were harvested and weighed as a total, then berries with white drupelets were separated out and weighed. The two values were divided to create a proportion and were then multiplied by 100 to determine the percentage. Nitrogen application decreased the percentage of white drupelet berries from 13.0% (control) to 10.0% (one additional application) and 9.1% (five additional applications). WDD for the 0× treatment correlated negatively to maximum high daytime temperatures during May (r = –0.58, P = 0.03) over the three seasons. Occurrence of white drupelets by treatments 0×, 1×, and 5× correlated significantly with the cumulative number of rainfall events (r = 0.49, 0.47, and 0.46, respectively). Leaf chlorophyll index and photosynthesis measurements were unaffected by treatment. Although it is likely that multiple factors are involved in the development of white drupelets, additional N may reduce the problem.
Violencia íntima de pareja contra las mujeres: un estudio de las creencias en docentes en formación de España y América Latina
Authors: Bonilla-Algovia Enrique , Rivas-Rivero Esther
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la aceptación de creencias distorsionadas sobre los roles de género y sobre la violencia contra las mujeres en una muestra de futuros y futuras docentes de España y Latinoamérica. Metodología: La metodología del estudio ha sido cuantitativa y el diseño, transversal. El muestreo fue intencional y no probabilístico. Participaron 2395 docentes en formación de universidades y centros de formación superior de Argentina, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, España y México. La información se recolectó por medio de un cuestionario estructurado que incluyó el Inventario de Pensamientos Distorsionados sobre la Mujer y el Uso de la Violencia - Revisado (Echeburúa et al., 2016). Los análisis empleados (chi-cuadrado, t de Student y ANOVA) han permitido evaluar la influencia del sexo y del país. Resultados: Los resultados reportan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los países de la muestra en la aceptación de las creencias distorsionadas. Los hombres, en comparación con las mujeres, tienden a presentar más distorsiones cognitivas sobre los roles de género y la violencia íntima de pareja contra las mujeres. Conclusión: El sistema educativo es uno de los principales agentes socializadores, por lo que la formación del profesorado en materia de igualdad es esencial para eliminar los sesgos de género y contribuir al fomento de una sociedad libre de violencia contra las mujeres.
Editorial
Authors: Reyes Sebastian Camilo
Published: November 2021

La Revista Criterios, Cuadernos de Ciencias Jurídicas y Política Internacional, presenta el ejemplar 14-1 correspondiente al período 2021-1,el cual está dedicado a uneje temático sobre artículos de las ciencias jurídicas, específicamente en el derrotero del derecho público y privado a través de la contratación, caracterizado por el rigor analítico y crítico de las discusiones jurídicas, contando con el laudable compromiso por parte de los articulistas, los pares evaluadores y un nuevo comité editorial...
Análisis de la contratación directa en la causal de ciencia, tecnología e innovación bajo los principios de planeación y selección objetiva.
Authors: Buendía Franco Katherine
Published: November 2021

Esta investigación consiste en el análisis de la seguridad jurídica que existe en la modalidad de contratación directa bajo la causal de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en desarrollo de los principios de planeación y selección objetiva, a través de una revisión documental divida en dos secciones; por un lado, se delimita el principio de planeación en complemento con el principio de selección objetiva en el marco de la contratación estatal; posteriormente, se conceptualiza la contratación directa bajo la causal de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, y se concluye con un análisis de la aplicación de la causal de la contratación directa bajo el principio de selección objetiva.
Recibido: 16 de marzo de 2021
Revisado: 19 de abril de 2021
Aceptado: 13  de mayo de 2021
El principio de reciprocidad y sus limitaciones en la contratación pública en Colombia
Authors: Carrero Padilla Ricardo Iván
Published: November 2021

De conformidad con los compromisos adquiridos por Colombia en tratados internacionales y los estándares de comportamiento que ello implica, la Constitución Política de 1991 y la Ley 80 de 1993 incluyeron el principio de reciprocidad, consistente en otorgar un trato semejante al que se recibe por parte de otro sujeto sin ejercer actos discriminatorios. Es así como este principio permea la función pública y, por ende, la contratación estatal, por lo que la reciprocidad se encuentra asociada al trato nacional y no discriminatorio...
Recibido: 26 de febrero de 2021
Revisado: 26 de marzo de 2021
Aceptado: 15 de abril de 2021
Identidades de género y Feminismo: Su relación con la visión del Sumak Kawsay
Authors: Mahecha Valles Natalia , Latorre González Brian
Published: November 2021

El sumak kawsay es un concepto abstracto y cambiante, cuyas propuestas se han posicionado como claves para la creación de un desarrollo alterno al establecido por la modernidad. Se opone directamente a aquellas prácticas neoliberales que permiten un capitalismo salvaje y un consumo acelerado, haciendo por tanto resistencia a estructuras de poder colonizadas. Las identidades de género y feminismos surgen bajo ese mismo ámbito de resistencia a la modernidad y las estructuras de poder, aportando una mirada decolonial al discurso de desarrollo. En ese sentido...
Recibido: 27 de noviembre de 2020
Revisado: 19 de febrero de 2021
Aceptado: 12 de mayo de 2021
Classificacção de Ransomware utilizando Algoritmos de Machine Learning
Authors: Pinheiro Adriana Medeiros , Pereira George Tassiano Melo , Moreira Caio Carvalho , Sales Junior Claudomiro de Souza
Published: November 2021

Ransomware is a subset of malware that is growing as a serious cyber threat. This malicious software prevents orlimits users from accessing their system until the ransom is paid.The use of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms has been widely used in automatic classification of these attacks. In this paper,we apply the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) techniqueas feature extraction intending to reduce dimensionality of the dataset, then we explore 11 ML algorithms in order to findthe best classifier for ransomware detection. Five comparisonmethods used in the literature were discussed. Nayes Bayesmethod achieved an Accuracy of 100% in one of the methods.