bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN KREATIVITAS ANAK MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN MENEMPEL PADA ANAK KELOMPOK B-3 TK NEGERI PEMBINA KOTA YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2015
Authors: Nugraini Titi
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas anak Taman Kanak-Kanak dengan harapan akan berdampak pada optimalisasi perkembangan kognitif anak.Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Desain penelitian merupakan penelitian berulang sesuai siklus spiral sebagaimana mengikuti pendapat Kemmis dan Me. Taggart. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kelompok B-3 TK Negeri Pembina Yogyakarta pada semester genap Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015 dengan jumlah 16 anak. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen lembar observasi dan anekdote record. Berdasarkan analisis deskriptif, penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa pembelajaran menempel kepingan bentuk-bentuk geometri telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan kreativitas anak TK. Berdasarkan data hasil observasi diperoleh data bahwa sebelum dilakukan tindakan ada 25% anak yang berkembang sesuai harapan dan ada 75% anak yang mulai berkembang. Setelah dilakukan tindakan pada siklus I diperoleh peningkatan data ada 56% anak mulai berkembang dan 44% anak berkembang sesuai harapan, siklus II ada 36% anak mulai berkembang dan 64% anak berkembang sesuai harapan, siklus III diperoleh ada 7% anak mulai berkembang dan 82% anak berkembang sesuai harapan serta ada 11% anak berkembang sangat baik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran menempel kepingan bentuk-bentuk geometri dapat meningkatkan kreativitas anak TK di Kelompok B-3 TK Negeri Pembina.Kata kunci: Kreativitas, Menempel, Bentuk – bentuk geometri
PEMBELAJARAN UNSUR IRAMA MENGGUNAKAN METODE TAKADIMI PADA MAHASISWA PAUD FIP UNY TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Wulandari Rina
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran unsur irama musik menggunakan metode Takadimi pada mahasiswa prodi PAUD FIP UNY tahun ajaran 2015-2016. Subjek penelitian yaitu 83 mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian yaitu eksplorasi. Teknik penyajian data yaitu deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik keabsahan data adalah dengan ketekunan. Hasil penelitian dalam mata kuliah estetika instrumental: 1) peserta didik adalah lulusan dari berbagai jurusan dan didominasi oleh lulusan sekolah menengah atas, 2) tujuan pembelajaran berbasis pada konsep dasar pendidikan seni untuk AUD yaitu menstimulasi estetika melalui apresiasi dan kreasi ekspresi, 3) materi musik menggunakan metode Takadimi yang termasuk metode untuk semua kalangan, 4) metode pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah ceramah, tanya jawab, diskusi, pemberian tugas, demonstrasi dan eksperimen, kerja kelompok, drill, dan penemuan, 5) media pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah piano serta semua benda yang ada di sekitar yang dapat diatur menjadi bunyi musikal, dan          6) evaluasi didasarkan pada tugas, kehadiran, nilai ujian tengah semester, dan nilai ujian semester. Temuan lain selama penelitian yaitu: 1) kuantitas suku kata TA yang diganti dengan nol, merupakan hal yang sulit dibunyikan/ dipraktekkan oleh mahasiswa, dan 2) bentuk TA00MI dan TAKA0MI. Kata kunci: pembelajaran, unsur irama musik, metode takadimi
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF ANAK MELALUI KEGIATAN MEMBILANG BENDA SEKITAR
Authors: Hidayat - , Maulidiyah Eka Cahya
Published: February 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan kegiatan membilang dan peningkatan kemampuan kognitif siswa melalui kegiatan membilang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di TK Budi Utomo Lamongan. Penelitian  dilaksanakan pada bulan april 2015. Penelitian tindakan (action research) ini menggunakan metode Kemmis dan Mc Taggart, melalui dua siklus yang tediri dari siklus I dan siklus II yang meliputi tahap perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian adalah 15 anak Kelompok B TK Budi Utomo Lamongan yang berusia 5-6 tahun. Data diperoleh dengan berpedoman pada lembar observasi kemampuan kognitif konsep bilangan dan lambang bilangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan kognitif anak yang dibuktikan pada perolehan skor kemampuan kognitif rata-rata siswa. Sebelum penelitian skor rata-rata adalah 60.4%. Setelah dilaksanakan siklus I terjadi perubahan skor kemampuan kognitif rata-rata kelas menjadi 85.9%. Pada siklus II perubahan skor kemampuan kognitif rata-rata kelas menjadi 97.04%. Pada siklus II seluruh siswa telah memenuhi kriteria kesuksesan sehingga penelitian ini dicukupkan dengan pelaksanaan dua siklus. Katakunci: kemampuan kognitif, kegiatan membilang
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PANGGUNG BONEKA PADA KELOMPOK A1TK MADUKISMO
Authors: Ramadani Risky
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara pada anak-anak di TK Madukismo, Bantul, Yogyakarta melalui penggunaan media panggung boneka. Keterampilan berbicara pada anak-anak dilihat dari kemampuan anak dalam ikut aktif berpartisipasi mengungkapkan ide/gagasan dan menjawab pertanyaan apa, siapa, mengapa dan dimana. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas kolaboratif, Subjek yang diteliti anak-anak dari kelompok A1 TK Madukismo yang berjumlah 17 anak, terdiri dari 8 anak laki-laki dan 9 anak perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data  menggunakan observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif  kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan keterampilan berbicara pada anak, hal ini dibuktikan pada kemampuan awal keterampilan berbicara yaitu 52,8% termasuk dalam kriteria kurang baik, pada Siklus I meningkat 12,8% menjadi 65,6% termasuk dalam kriteria cukup, dan pada Siklus II meningkat 22,5% menjadi 88,1% termasuk dalam kriteria baik. Langkah-langkah yang dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara yaitu guru bercerita, tanya jawab tentang cerita yang dibawakan guru, anak mengulang cerita yang dibawakan guru, guru memberi motivasi kepada anak untuk ikut aktif berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan. Kata Kunci: keterampilan berbicara, panggung boneka, kelompok A1
Cigarette Packs With URLs Leading to Tobacco Company Websites: Content Analysis
Authors: Weiger Caitlin Victoria , Smith Katherine , Hong Amy Y , Cohen Joanna E
Published: February 2020

Background

Tobacco companies include on the packaging of their products URLs directing consumers to websites that contain protobacco messages. Online media tend to be underregulated and provide the industry with an opportunity to present users with protobacco communication.

Objective

The objective of our study was to document the content of websites that were advertised on tobacco packs in 14 low- and middle-income countries.

Methods

We purchased tobacco packs from 14 low- and middle-income countries in 2013 and examined them for the presence of URLs. We visited unique URLs on multiple occasions between October 1, 2016 and August 9, 2017. We developed a coding checklist and used it to conduct a content analysis of active corporate websites to identify types of protobacco communication. The coding checklist included the presence of regulatory controls and warnings, engagement strategies, marketing appeals (eg, description of product popularity, luxury/quality, taste), corporate social responsibility programs, and image management. We coded brand websites separately and also described social media and other website types.

Results

We identified 89 unique URLs, of which 54 were active during the search period. We assessed 26 corporate websites, 21 brand websites, 2 nontobacco websites, and 5 social media pages. We excluded 2 corporate websites and 14 brand websites due to limited accessible content or incomplete content. Corporate social responsibility was discussed on all corporate websites, and marketing appeals were also common. Corporate websites were also more likely to include more nonspecific (12/24, 50%) than specific (7/24, 29%) health warnings. Promotions (6/7, 86%) and sociability appeals (3/7, 43%) were common on brand websites. The small number of social media webpages in our sample used gendered marketing.

Conclusions

URLs appearing on tobacco packs direct consumers to websites where users are exposed to marketing that highlights the “positive” contributions of tobacco companies on corporate websites, and extensive promotions and marketing appeals on brand websites and social media pages. It is essential that marketing regulations become more comprehensive and ban all protobacco communication, a policy that is in line with articles 5.3 and 13 of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. For countries that already ban internet tobacco advertising, enforcement efforts should be strengthened. Tobacco companies’ use of URLs on packs may also be compelling for plain packaging advocacy, where all branding is removed from the pack and large graphic health warning labels are the only communication on the tobacco packaging. Future research should consider including tobacco websites in marketing surveillance.
Adoption and Attitudes of eHealth Among People Living With HIV and Their Physicians: Online Multicenter Questionnaire Study
Authors: Jacomet Christine , Ologeanu-Taddei Roxana , Prouteau Justine , Lambert Céline , Linard Françoise , Bastiani Pascale , Dellamonica Pierre
Published: February 2020

Background

The development of electronic health (eHealth) has offered the opportunity for remote care provision. eHealth addresses issues for patients and professionals favoring autonomy and compliance, respectively, while fostering closer links both between patients and health care professionals and among health care professionals themselves.

Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the patterns of use, benefits, and perceived obstacles in eHealth among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and their caring physicians at hospitals.

Methods

An online multicenter observational survey was conducted October 15-19, 2018 in 51 medical units across France by means of self-administered questionnaires to collect sociodemographic and medical data, and perceptions of eHealth. Multiple correspondence analysis followed by mixed unsupervised classification were performed to analyze data of the respondents.

Results

A total of 279 PLHIV and 219 physicians responded to all parts of the questionnaire. Three groups of PLHIV were identified based on multivariate analysis. Group 1 comprised “eHealth believers” (121/279, 43.4%), who were more frequently above 60 years old and more likely to be receiving treatments other than antiretrovirals. Group 2, the “technology skeptics” (86/279, 30.8%), comprised more women with at least one child. Group 3, the “internet adopters” (72/279, 25.8%), were more frequently under 49 years of age, men who have sex with men, and more likely to use mobile apps for obtaining wellness/health information and related subjects. Three groups of physicians also emerged. Group 1 comprised those “strongly confident in eHealth” (95/219, 43.4%), who more frequently used mobile apps for wellness/health information and were more likely to accept prescription assistance software. Group 2 comprised physicians “strongly opposed to eHealth” (80/219, 36.5%), frequently asserting that eHealth challenges confidentiality. Group 3 were “open to eHealth” (44/219, 20.1%), comprising a higher proportion of infectious disease specialists, and were more likely to believe that medical apps are useful for patient education and information. No link was found between the groups of PLHIV and physicians.

Conclusions

The literature on eHealth mainly classifies people as enthusiasts and skeptics; however, we identified a third profile among both PLHIV and physicians, albeit without a direct link between them. For PLHIV, this third group is attentive to eHealth for improving their health condition, and for physicians, this group considers eHealth to offer benefits to patients and their own practice.
Neural Network–Based Clinical Prediction System for Identifying the Clinical Effects of Saffron (Crocus sativus L) Supplement Therapy on Allergic Asthma: Model Evaluation Study
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Jamshidnezhad Amir , Zilaee Marzie , Fouladi Dehaghi Behzad , Mohammadi Abbas , Hosseini Seyed Mohsen
Published: February 2020

Background

Asthma is commonly associated with chronic airway inflammation and is the underlying cause of over a million deaths each year. Crocus sativus L, commonly known as saffron, when used in the form of traditional medicines, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects which may be beneficial to individuals with asthma.

Objective

The objective of this study was to develop a clinical prediction system using an artificial neural network to detect the effects of C sativus L supplements on patients with allergic asthma.

Methods

A genetic algorithm–modified neural network predictor system was developed to detect the level of effectiveness of C sativus L using features extracted from the clinical, immunologic, hematologic, and demographic information of patients with asthma. The study included data from men (n=40) and women (n=40) individuals with mild or moderate allergic asthma from 18 to 65 years of age. The aim of the model was to estimate and predict the level of effect of C sativus L supplements on each asthma risk factor and to predict the level of alleviation in patients with asthma. A genetic algorithm was used to extract input features for the clinical prediction system to improve its predictive performance. Moreover, an optimization model was developed for the artificial neural network component that classifies the patients with asthma using C sativus L supplement therapy.

Results

The best overall performance of the clinical prediction system was an accuracy greater than 99% for training and testing data. The genetic algorithm–modified neural network predicted the level of effect with high accuracy for anti–heat shock protein (anti-HSP), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), the ratio of FEV1/FVC, and forced expiratory flow (FEF25%-75%) for testing data (anti-HSP: 96.5%; hs-CRP: 98.9%; FEV1: 98.1%; FVC: 97.5%; FEV1/FVC ratio: 97%; and FEF25%-75%: 96.7%, respectively).

Conclusions

The clinical prediction system developed in this study was effective in predicting the effect of C sativus L supplements on patients with allergic asthma. This clinical prediction system may help clinicians to identify early on which clinical factors in asthma will improve over the course of treatment and, in doing so, help clinicians to develop effective treatment plans for patients with asthma.
Seasonality of enteric bacterial pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance among Diarrheic Children in Nairobi City, Kenya (Preprint)
Authors: Webale Mark
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Although enteric bacterial pathogens are a leading cause of diarrhea in children under five years, their distribution and antimicrobial resistance is characterized by seasonal variation.

OBJECTIVE

This cross-sectional study determined seasonal variation of enteric bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance among diarrheic children during the dry (n=218) and rainy seasons (n=156) in Nairobi city, Kenya.

METHODS

Stool microbiology tests were used to isolate and identify enteric bacterial pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disk diffusion test.

RESULTS

The prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli (48.6% vs. 19.2%; P<0.0001), in particular EAEC (28.9% vs. 9.6%; P<0.0001) and ETEC (13.8% vs. 5.1%; P=0.006), was higher during the dry season. While the prevalence of Shigella species infections did not differ significantly across the seasons (3.2% vs. 3.2%; P=0.997), the prevalence of Shigella/E. coli co-infection was significantly higher during the dry season (4.1% vs. 0.0%; P=0.012). Antimicrobial resistance rates of diarrheagenic E. coli to ampicillin (50.4% vs. 73.3%; P=0.025), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (50.0% vs. 20.0%; P=0.001), and erythromycin (20.0%vs. 5.2%; P=0.009) was higher while that of ciprofloxacin (32.2% vs. 13.3%; P=0.043) was lower during the rainy season. Antimicrobial resistance rates of Shigella to ampicillin (100.0% vs. 50.0%; P=0.044), ceftriaxone (31.2% vs. 100.0%; P=0.012), streptomycin (43.8% vs. 100.0%; P=0.027) and erythromycin (0.0% vs. 40.0%; P=0.048) was higher during the rainy season.

CONCLUSIONS

There is seasonal variation in diarrheagenic E. coli, particularly EAEC and ETEC, and co-infection with Shigella species. Diarrheagenic E. coli and Shigella species showed seasonal trend in resistance to four commonly prescribed antibiotics.
Effect of nano silica coating concentration on reducing acrylic resin denture cytotoxicity
Authors: Gunawan Gene Rizky Natalia , Ismiyati Titik , Dipoyono Haryo Mustiko
Published: February 2020

Acrylic resin is a denture base material mostly used in the fabrication of removable partial denture and complete denture because it is easy to process, economical and aesthetically satisfying. However, the acrylic resin has a weakness i.e. residual monomer content which causes cytotoxic effect to human cells. Nano-silica coating could be used on the acrylic resin to reduce residual monomer content. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nano-silica coating concentration on the cytotoxicity of acrylic resin denture base material. Twenty-four acrylic resin disc-shaped specimens (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were divided into 4 groups (n=6), i.e. control, group with application of 0.5%,1%, and 2% nano silica coating. The specimens on the silica coating groups were silica coated using dip-coating method. After the coating was completed, the specimens were added into cell fibroblast culture (vero cell line). Cytotoxicity testswere done by MTT assay. The optical density was measured using ELISA plate reader to determine the percentage of cell viability. The highest mean of cell viability was shown in 0.5% concentration (96.78 ± 1.71) and the lowest mean was shown in the control group (80.32 ± 6.53). One-way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences among these groups. LSD tests showed that there was significant difference among all of the groups. This study concluded that nano silica coating concentration has a significant effect on the cytotoxicity of acrylic resin denture base materials.
Factors affecting in the use of antihipertension drugs with the health belief model approach in Puskesmas Pandanwangi Malang
Authors: Hidayati Ika Ratna , Putri Cikita
Published: February 2020

Hypertension is a condition where systolic blood pressure is 140 mmHg or higher, and diastolic blood pressure is 90 mmHg or higher. Generally, hypertension patients use captopril and Amlodipin as treatment of hypertension. It is necessary to take various efforts to improve the obedience of hypertensive patients during drug therapy. One theory studies that obedience behavior is the Health Belief Model. The HBM theory covers perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barrier, along with self-efficacy. To investigate factors affecting the obedience of hypertensive patients during the antihypertensive captopril and amlodipine medications treatment in the Puskesmas Pandanwangi, Malang, this study using the approach of HBM theory and instrument. Sampling was done through a purposive and accidental sampling method. The data analysis was done through multivariate analysis, which used multiple regression to determine the effecting factors based on the HBM theory on the obedience of hypertensive patients during the antihypertensive captopril and amlodipine medications therapy. Factors of HBM theory that affect the obedience of hypertensive patients are self-efficacy, perceived severity, and perceived barrier. Whereas, the unaffected factor are perceived suspectibility and perceived benefits. Overall, factors of HBM theory affect obedience.
Isolation of terpenoid compound of n-hexane extract of Marsilea crenata Presl..
Authors: Ma'arif Burhan , Agil Mangestuti , Widyowati Retno
Published: February 2020

Isolation, identification, and structure elucidation of terpenoid compounds from an n-hexane extract of Marsilea crenata Presl., had been done. The leaves of M. crenata was extracted using n-hexane solvent. The extract then separated with vacuum column chromatography and open column chromatography to obtain the isolate. Furthermore, the isolate was identified and elucidated using UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C- NMR, and 2D-NMR (COSY, HMQC, and HMBC). The identification and elucidation of the isolated structure from an n-hexane extract of M. crenata leaves indicate the isolate was a pentacyclic triterpenoid.
Transdermal delivery of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): a mini review
Authors: Nugraheni Raditya Weka
Published: February 2020

The transdermal route has several advantages over the oral route, especially for the drugs which significantly experience the first-pass effect in the liver. Another advantage of drug administration via the transdermal route is its non-invasive way and can be used by patients themselves. Also, it allows long-term use, thereby increasing patient compliance and is generally inexpensive. The development of transdermal preparation itself is not easy because of the permeability factor of drug ingredients through the skin is relatively low compared to the gastrointestinal route or mucous membrane because the skin is part of the body's defense system and prevents foreign materials to entering the body. The biggest challenge for drug administration via the transdermal route is that the limitations of drugs can be administrated through this route. NSAIDs are drugs that are widely used in chronic conditions and can cause serious gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore the transdermal route is expected to be a promising alternative in the future. The drug-loaded nanoparticle delivered using the iontophoresis method can improve the bioavailability of NSAIDs via the transdermal route.
Benefit administration of vitamin B1, B6, and B12 on the depression symptom in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Pinzon Rizaldy Taslim , Ardiani Birgitta Lisbethiara
Published: February 2020

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a disease that causes a decrease in kidney function, which can be seen from GFR (Glomerulus Filtration Rate) value, which is less than 60 ml/minute/1.73 m2 in minimum three months. Depression is a psychological problem in a patient with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. The previous study has shown that giving vitamin B combination can improve depression symptoms. To measure the benefit of vitamin B1, B6, B12 parenterally for depression symptoms in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study used an experimental design (one group pre and post-test) in 117 patient that obtained using a consecutive sampling method. Depression score was measured by the HADS questionnaire before given vitamin B (pre-test) and after given vitamin B (post-test). Data were statistically analyzed using a licensed SPSS program with paired t-test/Non-Parametric Wilcoxon. The relationship between the history of the use of the antihypertensive, antidiabetic, folic acid drug, and depression scores were not showing significant results (p > 0.05). The relationship between administration of vitamins B1, B6, and B12 and the patient's depression score showed a decrease but not significant (p = 0.522). There was no significant difference after the administration of vitamin B1, B6, and B12 on the depression score of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis at Bethesda and Panti Rapih Hospital in Yogyakarta.
Muhammadiyah di Tengah Isu Dunia Islam Kontemporer: Refleksi untuk Internasionalisasi
Authors: Ali Marpuji
Published: February 2020

Tulisan ini membahas tentang bagaimana Muhammadiyah berhadapan dengan isu-isu dunia Islam kontemporer, khususnya menyangkut masalah ketertinggalan umat Islam dan kemiskinan. Oleh karena kemiskinan yang mendera, - baik itu oleh sebab-sebab struktural dan kultural – maka umat Islam mengalami ketertinggalan di dunia global. Demikian pula dengan aspek pendidikan yang disinyalir akan mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidup umat, juga mengalami jalan buntu tatkala dihadapkan dengan persoalan ekonomi. Banyak orang miskin yang tidak memiliki akses pada lembaga-lembaga pendidikan Islam yang memiliki kualitas terbaik. Dalam rangka memikirkan itu semua, sebenarnya Muhammadiyah memiliki modal nilai-nilai etis kebajikan yang bersifat solutif, tatkala dihadapkan dengan persoalan-persoalan tersebut. Pemikiran mengenai moderatisme Islam adalah salah satu dari nilai yang sangat potensial untuk menyatukan antara iman dan amal saleh manusia. Dengan demikian, persyarikatan ini tidak perlu terjebak dalam dua arus pemikiran ekstrim yang justru kontraproduktif dengan nilai-nilai Islam itu sendiri, seperti misalnya fundamentalisme atau liberalisme. Melalui kesinambungan antara iman dan amal ini, Muhammadiyah bisa menjadi pioner dalam kerja-kerja kemanusiaan dan keadilan sosial. Nilai-nilai kebajikan itulah yang layak didakwahkan kepada publik internasional.
Apresentação: Pesquisar é estranhar a realidade
Authors: Simonini Eduardo , Romagnoli Roberta Carvalho
Published: February 2020

A produção de conhecimento não é uma linha reta que segue em direção a um inconteste progresso. Ao contrário disso, tal produção sofre contínuas perturbações, no entrelaçamento de saberes, práticas, maneiras de pensar. Certo é que tais questões trouxeram interferência na própria noção de pesquisa científica, sendo que a realidade, vista como sendo um quebra-cabeça a ser decifrado – um código a ser desvendado por meio de ferramentas teórico-metodológicas cada vez mais apuradas – foi assumida como possuindo uma essência imutável a servir de modelo a partir da qual se organizavam todas as variações possíveis. Compreender esse núcleo fundante, essa verdade, ponto da gênese do cosmos, das grandes narrativas e de tudo que o difere, se tornou um projeto, seguramente ambicioso, da ciência moderna em seus desdobramentos em diferentes áreas de conhecimento. Porém, seria possível fazer da dúvida metódica cartesiana um instrumento de questionamento das verdades que a própria modernidade acolheu para si: verdades instaladas em grandes narrativas a definir posições de gênero, de universo, de educação, de conduta, de futuro, de ordem, de felicidade, de humanidade? Seria possível estranhar inclusive a própria noção de “essência”, de “verdade” e de “realidade”? Seria possível novamente utilizar a ferramenta da dúvida para produzir estranhamento no que já está estabelecido como inconteste e colocar movimento problematizador naquilo assumido como inquestionável? A partir desses desassossegos,  os artigos reunidos neste dossiê têm por proposta – cada um em seu campo de problematização – trazer um pensar que estranhe, colocando movimento em perspectivas consideradas estáveis em sua naturalidade, driblando a “verdade” e acolhendo as interferências produzidas (tanto na realidade, quanto no próprio pesquisador) pelo processo de conhecer.
“Garrapata Hércules”, Eragrostis superba (Peyr), variedad de pasto para zonas áridas y semiáridas
Authors: Beltrán López Sergio , García Díaz Carlos Alberto , Loredo Osti Catarina , Urrutia Morales Jorge , Hernández Alatorre José Antonio , Gámez Vázquez Héctor Guillermo
Published: February 2020

El pasto Garrapata (Eragrostis superba) es una gramínea perenne, de buen valor forrajero, originaria de Sudáfrica, se adapta bien a una amplia gama de suelos y condiciones climáticas.La variedad Hércules proviene de colectas realizadas en el centro y norte de México. Fue evaluada en zonas áridas y semiáridas, en temporal y riego desde 1986 hasta la obtención del registro en el año 2008. El registro otorgado por el Servicio Nacional de Inspección y Certificación de Semillas (SNICS) es: ERA-002-060608. A la fecha, la primera variedad registrada para esta especie en México. El rendimiento medio anual por hectárea de esta variedad oscila entre 886 y 1,947 kg de materia seca (MS) en condiciones de temporal, con una media de 1,200 kg MS ha-1 y entre 24.8 y 11.4 t MS ha-1 en condiciones de riego con una media de 18.1 t MS ha-1. Esta variedad de pasto es tolerante a la sequía, de fácil establecimiento y de rápido crecimiento, apetecible para el ganado, resistente al pastoreo y tolerante a la salinidad. Es una especie utilizada para la rehabilitación de agostaderos degradados y conservación de suelo en pastizales de zonas áridas y semiáridas en México.
Rendimiento y calidad nutritiva del forraje en un sistema silvopastoril intensivo con Leucaena leucocephala y Megathyrsus maximus cv. Tanzania
Authors: Hernández Hernández Manuel , López Ortiz Silvia , Jarillo Rodríguez Jesús , Ortega Jiménez Eusebio , Pérez Elizalde Sergio , Díaz Rivera Pablo , Crosby Galván María Magdalena
Published: February 2020

Se determinó el rendimiento y calidad del forraje en un sistema silvopastoril con Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham (5000 árboles ha-1) asociado con Megathyrsus maximus cv. Tanzania, en cuatro intervalos de descanso (20, 30, 40 y 50 d), en dos épocas (lluvias y seca) en clima cálido Subhúmedo. Los tratamientos se distribuyeron aleatoriamente a las unidades experimentales (12 parcelas, 24 m2 c/u) y se evaluó el rendimiento y calidad nutritiva del forraje en la época húmeda (agosto-octubre, 2014) y seca (marzo-abril, 2015). La gramínea aportó la mayor proporción de forraje a la biomasa disponible (80 vs. 20%) y se produjo más biomasa total a 50 días en lluvias (5300 kg MS ha-1) y seca (1620 kg MS ha-1); en lluvias, la proteína cruda (PC) de los arboles aumentó gradualmente a 22% (P<0.05) hasta 50 días, y en seca fue similar entre intervalos (28%) (P>0.05); fibra detergente neutro (FDN) se mantuvo (44%) (P>0.05) y fibra detergente ácido (FDA) aumentó (25%) (P<0.05) a 50 días, mientras digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS) disminuyó (49%) (P<0.05). En la gramínea, la PC (10%) (P<0.001) y DIVMS (58 %) se mantuvieron hasta 40 días y después declinaron (P<0.03), aunque FDN y FDA aumentaron significativamente a 50 días, en ambas épocas. la asociación L. leucocephala y M. maximus, alcanza su mayor producción entre 40-50 días, con mejor calidad nutritiva de la gramínea a 40 días, que se puede compensar con el valor nutritivo del follaje de los árboles hasta los 50 días de descanso, independientemente de la época.
Impacto del estrés por calor en la producción de ovinos de pelo. Revisión
Authors: Vicente Pérez Ricardo , Macías Cruz Ulises , Avendaño Reyes Leonel , Correa Calderón Abelardo , López Baca María De los Ángeles , Lara Rivera Ana L.
Published: February 2020

Frente al problema del calentamiento global y cambio climático, los pequeños rumiantes serán clave para mantener la producción de proteína de origen animal, ya que tienen superioridad en la tolerancia al calor en comparación con otros animales domésticos. Los ovinos de pelo han demostrado ampliamente su habilidad para crecer y reproducirse en escenarios naturales de altas temperaturas y baja disponibilidad de nutrientes. La adaptación que presentan estos ovinos al estrés calórico está dada por una compleja interacción entre los mecanismos de termorregulación y la presencia de factores genéticos, lo cual les confiere una plasticidad fisiológica para tolerar climas calientes sin afectar drásticamente la productividad. Bajo condiciones de México, los ovinos de pelo se encuentran distribuidos en los diferentes climas debido a que no presentan una estacionalidad reproductiva, y esta característica permite a la industria ovina mantener una producción de carne constante a través del año; sin embargo, poca atención se ha puesto sobre su habilidad para producir en condiciones de estrés calórico. En este sentido, la presente revisión tiene como objetivo hacer una descripción de los efectos del estrés calórico sobre el comportamiento reproductivo, el crecimiento de corderos y la termorregulación de ovinos de pelo.
Azospirillum spp. en gramíneas y forrajeras. Revisión
Authors: Fernandes Domingues Duarte Camila , Cecato Ulysses , Biserra Thiago Trento , Mamédio Divaney , Galbeiro Sandra
Published: February 2020

El Azospirillum es un género de bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal, encontrado en suelos de diferentes regiones del globo terrestre. Estas bacterias cuando se asocian a raíces de plantas, ayudan en la producción y productividad del cultivo, actuando en el aumento de parte aérea y sistema radicular. Estos beneficios se derivan de la excreción de los fitonutrientes de crecimiento, especialmente las auxinas. En las gramíneas forrajeras, la inoculación de estas cepas puede proporcionar mayores ganancias de masa de forraje con menores dosis de N-fertilizante, garantizando la sostenibilidad del sistema de producción del pasto. El uso de Azospirillum spp., en gramíneas debe llenar un vacío entre la productividad y la sostenibilidad. La promoción del crecimiento proporcionado por Azospirillum se ha descrito en varias gramíneas como la caña de azúcar, el maíz y plantas forrajeras, pero se deben realizar más estudios en diferentes condiciones para diseminar y consolidar su adopción entre los productores. La adopción de la inoculación de esta bacteria puede aumentar la competitividad de los productos agrícolas y ser un diferencial frente a la producción adoptada en la agricultura convencional. En la ganadería la inoculación en pastizales puede aumentar la producción de masa de forraje, y mitigar los riesgos de degradación y mejorar los índices productivos de ese sector.
Relación genética, formación de biopelículas, movilidad y virulencia de Escherichia coli aislada de mastitis bovina
Authors: Cruz-Soto Alejandro Sergio , Toro-Castillo Valentín , Munguía-Magdaleno Cristián Omar , Torres-Flores José Emmanuel , Flores-Pantoja Luis Enrique , Loeza-Lara Pedro Damián , Jiménez-Mejía Rafael
Published: February 2020

Escherichia coli es una de las bacterias ambientales que frecuentemente se ha visto implicada en infecciones de la glándula mamaria bovina. Aunque se desconocen los factores de virulencia específicos involucrados en dicho proceso, se ha observado que las bacterias formadoras de biopelículas se asocian con infecciones persistentes. De igual forma se ha planteado que las bacterias móviles pueden ser más patógenas. El propósito del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación genética, capacidad de formación de biopelículas y movilidad de E. coli aislada de casos de mastitis bovina, así como la virulencia in vivo de aislados representativos. De acuerdo a los datos obtenidos en este trabajo el 67.7% de las bacterias pertenece al grupo filogenético A, el 17.6% al grupo B1 y el 14.7% al D. El estudio de la relación genética mediante (GTG)5 reveló que solo dos bacterias son idénticas genéticamente, el resto de las bacterias se organizaron en siete grupos distintos con 70% de similitud. Por otro lado, el 76.5% de las bacterias estudiadas fue capaz de formar biopelículas de forma fuerte, moderada o débil. Además, los genes csgA y fimA se detectaron en el 52.9% de las bacterias formadoras de biopelículas. Por su parte, el análisis de movilidad arrojó que el 70.6% fue móvil. Mientras que, el análisis de patogenicidad en larvas de Galleria mellonella reveló que aquellas bacterias formadoras de películas y móviles fueron capaces de matar un mayor número de larvas a las 24 h que las no formadoras. Los datos presentados en este trabajo indican que las E. coli causantes de mastitis bovina son muy diversas y pertenecen principalmente al grupo filogenético A y que las formadoras de biopelículas y móviles son más patógenas.
O PERFIL DA PRODUÇÃO DE ARTIGOS RELACIONADOS COM O ESPORTE NOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO BRASIL (2010-2016)
Authors: Souza Doralice Lange de , Cunha Andressa Caroline Portes da
Published: February 2020

Investigamos, a partir de uma perspectiva quanti-qualitativa, algumas características da produção de artigos por parte de programas de pós-graduação em Educação Física entre 2010 e 2016, relacionados com o esporte. Utilizamos como fontes os relatórios anuais dos programas e os próprios artigos. Os programas produziram 3.252 artigos, sendo os mais produtivos: PPGEFE/EEFE/USP, PPGFEF/UNICAMP e PPGEF/UEM-UEL. A maior parte da produção relaciona-se com a subárea biodinâmica (70%), seguida pela sociocultural (21%) e pedagógica (8%). Na subárea biodinâmica destaca-se o PPGEFE/EEFE/USP, na sociocultural o PPGEDF/UFPR, e na pedagógica o PPGFEF/UNICAMP. A produção cresceu entre 2010 e 2016. Em 2016, houve mais artigos em língua estrangeira do que em português. Enquanto o número de artigos da subárea biodinâmica expandiu significativamente, o das outras subáreas não. Algumas dessas características estão correlacionadas com as particularidades das diferentes subáreas de conhecimento e com os critérios de avaliação da Capes (Área 21).
O ENSINO DA LÓGICA DO JOGO DE VOLEIBOL: UMA PROPOSTA A PARTIR DO TEACHING GAMES FOR UNDERSTAND E DO USO DE TECNOLOGIAS
Authors: Sarruge Carina Lara , Ginciene Guy , Impolcetto Fernanda Moreto
Published: February 2020

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a utilização do Teaching Games for Understand (TGfU) e das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) como recursos didáticos no processo de iniciação esportiva do voleibol. Optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa e a realização de duas etapas: um levantamento diagnóstico com professores de voleibol para identificar as dificuldades táticas dos alunos; elaboração e implementação de uma Unidade Didática em turma de iniciação. Os resultados indicaram que as TIC – em especial a filmagem – em conjunto com o modelo TGfU contribuíram para alcançar os objetivos de ensino, em especial para a compreensão dos elementos táticos do jogo. Concluiu-se que mesmo com dificuldades vivenciadas no decorrer das aulas, muitos alunos adquiriram capacidade de jogar intencionalmente de acordo com os princípios táticos ensinados.
PRAXIOLOGIA MOTRIZ E A ORGANIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO PEDAGÓGICO E DA DIDÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: Entrevista com Pierre Parlebas, professor da Universidade Paris Descartes (Paris V – Sorbonne Cité)
Authors: Ribas João Francisco Magno , Franco Flávia
Published: February 2020

Este texto é o resultado de uma entrevista realizada, em junho de 2015, com o Dr. Pierre Parlebas, idealizador da Praxiologia Motriz. A entrevista se estruturou em três momentos e teve o objetivo de estabelecer as relações entre o conhecimento praxiológico e a organização do trabalho pedagógico e da didática na Educaçao Física. Iniciou-se questionando a respeito das características epistemológicas do conhecimento praxiológico. Em seguida, verificou-se como o professor situa o conhecimento praxiológico no campo da Educação Física. Finalizou-se a entrevista solicitando que o autor apresentasse as relações entre Praxiologia Motriz, Trabalho Pedagógico e Didática.
“HORMÔNIOS EM AÇÃO”: ARTICULANDO CONCEITOS DA TEORIA ATOR-REDE
Authors: Sampaio Juliana , Medrado Benedito , Méllo Ricardo
Published: February 2020

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é produzir reflexões sobre hormônios, a partir de aproximações teóricas e metodológicas com as produções de autores/as alinhados/as à Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR). Apresentaremos, inicialmente, de forma breve, os pressupostos da Teoria Ator-Rede e como seus questionamentos sobre os binarismos subjetivo X objetivo, humano X não-humano podem contriuir para as pesquisas em Psicologia. Em sequência analisaremos os usos da TAR em uma pesquisa sobre a atuação de hormônios em uma rede heterogênea, e como estes não-humanos se tornaram elementos centrais na sutentação do binarismo de sexo (homem/mulher). Concluímos que a articulação de conceitos e postulados da TAR possibilitam a produção de estudos na Psicologia que ampliem o seu foco e passem a envolver outros atuantes que não sejam humanos.
Cidade e Racionalização da Subjetividade: Implicações das Ciências da Saúde e Educação
Authors: Justo José Sterza , Villanova Heguedush Carolina
Published: February 2020

A maioria da população mundial já vive nas cidades. No Brasil, 83% dos seus habitantes estão distribuídos pelas suas 5.564 urbes. A cidade é um desses artefatos criados pelo homem que se manteve ao longo da história e acabou se tornando seu habitat até hoje. É na vida urbana que o homem se produz e produz seu mundo. Partindo do reconhecimento da importância da cidade para o homem atual, a presente pesquisa pretendeu investigar os processos de racionalização/objetivação deflagrados numa pequena cidade. Para tanto, tomou como objeto de estudo o centro urbano do menor município do Estado de São Paulo, em número de habitantes. Foram realizadas observações do cotidiano da cidade mediante a participação em acontecimentos, festas, eventos e reuniões públicas. Como principal conclusão foi possível constatar que a saúde e educação são as principais vias de entrada dos processos de racionalização na vida urbana, enfraquecedores da produção de subjetividade.
Juventude okupa política: um estudo de caso em Belo Horizonte
Authors: Vieira dos Santos Bruno
Published: February 2020

A partir do estudo de caso da construção de um equipamento público em/de Belo Horizonte (MG), este artigo pretende apresentar nuances e formas de atuação política juvenil por meio de ações mais ou menos institucionais, mais ou menos radicais, a depender do momento e do contexto histórico. O Centro de Referência da Juventude (CRJ), construído entre 2012 e 2016, traz elementos de como os grupos juvenis incidiram para sua existência e funcionamento. Este texto é parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado sobre ativismo juvenil, políticas públicas e incidência política, executada no contexto da capital mineira com grupos juvenis. A metodologia da pesquisa utilizou-se de observação participante (May, 2004; Gabarrón & Landa, 2006; Neves, 2006), de um diário de reminiscências , inspirado no conceito de descrição densa (Geertz, 1989), e de entrevistas semiestruturadas (Maroy, 1997) com sete mulheres que participaram de alguma fase da construção/reivindicação pelo CRJ.
Psicologia Social Comunitária na Escola: Grêmio Estudantil e Pertencimento
Authors: Mauricio Ana Carolina , Bueno Gabriel
Published: February 2020

O artigo apresenta um relato de experiência quea partir de uma atividade de extensão desenvolvida em uma escola de ensino médio noturno, visa articular três temáticas: psicologia socialcomunitária, espaço escolar e atuação política. Um grupo de estudantes de graduação em psicologia acompanhou, ao longo de nove meses, o processo de constituição de um grêmio estudantil, passando pela organização da chapa, elaboração do regimento, convocação daassembleia estudantil, processo eleitoral e implementação das propostas da chapa vencedora. Tais acontecimentos foram analisados a partir de referenciais teóricos da psicologia socialcomunitária e da psicologia social crítica, com enfoque na constituição da identidade de estudante, sua relação de pertencimento ao espaço escolar e os movimentos possíveis do político nesse contexto. Por fim, conclui-se pela potência das experiências vividas na constituição do grêmio devido às possibilidades de novas elaborações em relação aos sentidos do que é ser estudante.
Design and validation of educational material aimed at adults with Heart Failure
Authors: Herrera Guerra Eugenia Del Pilar , Céspedes Cuevas Viviana Marycel
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Diseñar y validar material educativo dirigido a adultos con Falla Cardíaca para una intervención de enfermería centrada en la toma de decisiones para el manejo de los síntomas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio metodológico realizado siguiendo la Guía para el diseño, utilización y evaluación de material educativo en Salud y el instrumento de Pautas Específicas para Evaluación de material educativo impreso, desarrollados por la Organización Panamericana para la Salud. En el diseño participó un grupo conformado por 2 adultos con Falla Cardíaca, 2 cuidadores, 2 enfermeras y un 1 cardiólogo. El material educativo en su diseño preliminar fue sometido a prueba por expertos (n=7) y por adultos con Falla Cardíaca (n=10). Resultados: El diseño del material educativo tipo folleto está sustentado en la Teoría de Situación Especifica Autocuidado en Falla Cardíaca y su indicador empírico es la escala Self-care Heart Failure Índex. Los expertos y los adultos con Falla Cardíaca que participaron en el estudio convinieron en que el folleto cumple con los criterios de efectividad potencial de todo material educativo. Los puntajes obtenidos en las pautas específicas indicaron que se debe usar como está diseñado y algunos evaluadores indicaron algunas reformas a la versión preliminar. La producción de la versión definitiva se realizó atendiendo las observaciones de los evaluadores. Conclusiones: Se detallan los pasos para el diseño y validación de un material educativo sustentado en una teoría de enfermería y se pone a disposición para ser utilizado en la práctica y la investigación.
Conocimientos y prácticas de profesionales de la salud en uso de medicamentos
Authors: Rojas Marín Maria Zoraida
Published: February 2020

Identificar conocimientos y prácticas del personal de salud respecto al uso de medicamentos en vías y condiciones diferentes a las establecidas en la ficha técnica.  Método: Estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y corte transversal en dos fases:  la primera consistió en una revisión de la literatura en donde se incluyeron de forma inicial 82 artículos, de los cuales ocho fueron elegidos para la revisión; la segunda fase estuvo conformada por 31 participantes que trabajaban en Instituciones de Salud; fueron seleccionados de forma no probabilista secuencial, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario, para identificar conocimientos y prácticas desarrolladas, el cual fue evaluado por 3 profesores expertos en la temática; también se realizó una prueba piloto. Resultados: La revisión de la literatura fue referente para la construcción del instrumento. En la segunda fase el 87% de los participantes no conocían el concepto off label, el 65% fueron profesionales de la enfermería que describieron su experiencia como una práctica que no se podría considerar como off label por la falta de soporte científico. Los medicamentos antiinfecciosos, antifúngicos, analgésicos y electrolitos, fueron los grupos de mayor utilización. La principal modificación fue en el cambio de la vía de administración, seguido de la indicación y el 71% de las prácticas no fue descrita en los registros clínicos. Conclusiones: Existe limitada evidencia que soporte el uso de medicamentos en vías y condiciones no establecidos en la ficha técnica; no existe una definición clara y común, presentándose un desconocimiento en los profesionales de la salud.