bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violence, Oppression, and Double Standards in Three Colombian Films
Authors: Meade Melissa R.
Published: September 2011

This article compares three Colombian films that tell distinct stories of violence, personal and political oppression, and double standards. The films Confesión a Laura (Confessing to Laura, Jaime Osorio, 1991), La Primera Noche (The First Night, Luis Alberto Restrepo, 2003) and El Rey (The King, José Antonio Dorado, 2004) each highlight the characters’ struggles in the Colombian socio-political landscape. Each  film’s content and themes do not merely offer representations of national culture, but also provide a way in which to discuss the political and social struggles of Colombia. The directors explore these stories of violence and socio-political struggle through the use of mis-en-scène, cinematography, sound, and editing.
A Quantitative Approach to Variables Affecting Production of Short Films in Turkey
Authors: Akman Vedat
Published: September 2011

This study aims to explore the influence of various variables affecting the production of migration themed short films in Turkey. We proceeded to our analysis using descriptive statistics to describe the main futures of the sample data quantitatively. Due to non-uniformity of the data available, we were unable to use inductive statistics. Our basic sample statistical results indicated that short film producers prefered to produce short films on domestic migration theme rather than international. Gender and university seemed on surface as significant determinants to the production of migration themed short films in Turkey. We also looked at the demografic variables to provide more insights into our quantitative approach.
Reinvigorating Film Studies: An Immodest Proposal
Authors: Akser Murat
Published: September 2011

CINEJ Cinema Journal is a newcomer to the field of film studies. It is committed to publishing fresh and original research in the fields of film and media studies. The need for such a journal is result of emergence of fresh perspectives in film studies and the absence of an outlet to incorporate such ideals.
Introducing ISO 9000 to the Kazakhstan Banking Industry:A Case Study
Authors: Camgoz Akdag Hatice
Published: September 2011

Banks in Kazakhstan have experienced a lengthy period of political stability and economic growth. Together with rational approach to banking and finance policy, this has helped to push Kazakhstan’s banking system to a higher level of development. It is now widely known that the Kazakh market is highly attractive to foreign investors. The scope for profits is growing, and country risk is comparatively low. As the Kazakh banks face a shortage of long-term funds and access to existing resources is influenced by political factors, capital drawn from the international markets will play a decisive role in their growth.
Business Excellence in Kazakh Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Camgoz Akdag Hatice
Published: September 2011

The aim of this paper is to deepen and to encourage further research for sustaining quality improvement in Kazakh Higher Education Institutions. This paper is explaining the Kazakh education system and is also trying to figure out whether if it fits to the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) excellence model. The paper is based on literature concerning the Kazakh Higher Education system.  The pros and cons are also mentioned in the paper. In accordance to this it is easier to find the strengths and weaknesses of the system and finally a list of factors are given in order to be a guide of excellence for the Kazakh Higher Education Institutes.
With ethics concerns rising again, NAATP seeks to guide young leaders
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: June 2024

When observing the makeup of today's audience at a National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers (NAATP) conference, what can stand out are the people you don't see. With many of the pioneering executives in the addiction treatment industry having retired in recent years, a younger cohort from a diversity of backgrounds has emerged. That can create both excitement and some trepidation.
Structural Regulation of Microcellular Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer with Low‐Dielectric Properties During Supercritical Fluid Foaming Process
Authors: Zhao Yanfei , Chen Yichong , Hu Dongdong , Zhong Wenyu , Sun Jiayang , Jia Xingyu , Zhao Ling
Published: June 2024

With the development of radio technology, 5G electronic equipment has higher requirements for materials. This has become an imperative matter to realize the controllable preparation of Thermotropic liquid crystal polyester (TLCP) foams with homogeneous microcellular. Accordingly, the foaming behavior of TLCP in isotropic state is investigated. TLCP foams are prepared by a one‐step rapid depressurization foaming method at different temperature pressures, with cell diameter in the range of 67.5–283.9 μm and the material density in the range of 0.37–0.25 g/cm3. In order to broaden the distribution of cell diameter and the density of TLCP foams, the mixture foaming agent of N2and CO2is used in foaming process. When mixture foaming agents are used, the cell diameter is widened to the range of 40.5–283.9 μm, and the material density is widened to the range of 0.70–0.25 g/cm3, which realizes the controllable preparation of cell diameter and material density of TLCP. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of TLCP foams can be as low as 1.35‰ and 0.85‰ at 10 GHz, respectively. The structural regulation of low‐dielectric TLCP microcellular materials is achieved for the first time by way of varying the temperature, pressure, and co‐blowing agent ratio.
Output Enhancement of a 3D‐Printed Triboelectric Nanogenerator Using Laser Surface 3D Patterning
Authors: Wajahat Muhammad , Kouzani Abbas Z. , Khoo Sui Yang , Mahmud M. A. Parvez
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the performance of contact separation and sliding modes of triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation environment. The output performance of a plain surface TENG is  compared with square, rectangular, and pyramid‐patterned TENGs. The pyramid pattern emerges as the most efficient geometry, demonstrating a solid output of 95.8 V (Voc) and 0.99 μA (Isc). Advanced 3D printing techniques (3DP) including powder‐based multijet fusion and resin‐based polyjet fusion are utilized to print polyamide 12 (PA12) and VeroClear, respectively. The laser surface patterning technique is used to make precise micropatterns on the surfaces of the VeroClear and PA12 layers, resulting in a consistent and effective surface morphology that enhances the surface area of triboelectric layers, and outperforms traditional approaches of patterning in consistency and efficacy. The validation of simulation results is made where the pyramid pattern is emerged as the most efficient geometry experimentally. Performance is maintained with minimal degradation after 102 cycles, and a 22 μF–63 V capacitor is successfully used to store the generated charge. This study not only sets the path for pre‐experimental analysis using simulation environment but also provides a clear demonstration of advanced manufacturing techniques for printing and patterning 3D‐printed triboelectric materials.
Sputtering Deposited and Energy Band Matched ZnSnN2 Buffer Layers for Highly Efficient Cd‐Free Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cells
Authors: Ye Fan , He Cangshuang , Wu Tong , Chen Shuo , Su Zhenghua , Zhang Xianghua , Cai Xingmin , Liang Guangxing
Published: June 2024

Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells with CdS buffer layers have the problem of toxicity and cliff‐like energy band diagram disfavoring higher photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE (%)). The preparation method for ZnSnO buffer layers which enable Cd‐free CZTS solar cells to reach the certified PCE (%) of 11.4 is limited to atomic layer deposition and sputtering deposition severely reduces PCE (%). Here, it is showed that sputtering deposited ZnSnN2 is an efficient buffer layer for Cd‐free CZTS solar cell, and without antireflection coating or additional passivation layers its champion PCE (%) has reached 10.00 which is comparable to the certified value. No buried junction and current blocking behavior are observed in the CZTS\ZnSnN2 junctions. Elemental inter‐diffusion is observed at the interface between CZTS and ZnSnN2. Most importantly, the energy band of ZnSnN2 is well‐matched with that of CZTS. The former straddles the latter. The conduction band offset is spike‐like with the conduction band of ZnSnN2 higher than that of CZTS, which effectively suppresses interface recombination and results in PCE (%) comparable to the certified value.
Active Fabrics With Controllable Stiffness for Robotic Assistive Interfaces
Authors: Yang Xudong , Chen Yu , Chen Tianyu , Li Junwei , Wang Yifan
Published: June 2024

Assistive interfaces enable collaborative interactions between humans and robots. In contrast to traditional rigid devices, conformable fabrics with tunable mechanical properties have emerged as compelling alternatives. However, existing assistive fabrics actuated by fluidic or thermal stimuli struggle to adapt to complex body contours and are hindered by challenges such as large volumes after actuation and slow response rates. To overcome these limitations, inspiration is drawn from biological protective organisms combining hard and soft phases, and active assistive fabrics consisting of architectured rigid tiles interconnected with flexible actuated fibers are proposed. Through programmable tessellation of target body shapes into architectured tiles and controlling their interactions by the actuated fibers, the active fabrics can rapidly transition between soft compliant configurations and rigid states conformable to the body (>350 times stiffness change) while minimizing the device volume after actuation. The versatility of these active fabrics is demonstrated as exosuits for tremor suppression and lifting assistance, as body armors for impact mitigation, and integration with electrothermal actuators for smart actuation with convenient folding capabilities. This work offers a practical framework for designing customizable active fabrics with shape adaptivity and controllable stiffness, suitable for applications in wearable exosuits, haptic devices, and medical rehabilitation systems.
Fractional Mathematical Model for Exploring the Influence of Infectious Diseases on Population with Chronic Conditions
Authors: Basti Bilal , Chennaf Bouchra , Boubekeur Maroua Amel , Bounouiga Souad
Published: June 2024

This paper presents an in‐depth analysis of a hybrid mathematical model, the fractional SECIR model, designed to explore the impact of infectious diseases, with particular emphasis on their effect on individuals with chronic conditions. The study delves into the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the proposed model, yielding several stability results based on parameters that adhere to specific conditions to mitigate pandemic occurrences. The model parameters are estimated using data reported by the Algerian health authorities in recent years, facilitating the application of the model to the Algerian context. The findings derived from the application of this mathematical compartmental model indicate that the basic reproduction number for certain infectious diseases in Algeria (Tuberculosis and COVID‐19) is less than one. This observation suggests the potential for disease eradication or effective management through a combination of targeted interventions including vaccination, high‐quality treatment, and precise isolation measures.
Computational Insights Into Betanin for Dsscs: Unraveling Deprotonation Variations and Identifying Optimal Anchoring Sites on TiO2
Authors: Lopera Adriana , Restrepo Julián , Vélez Ederley
Published: June 2024

Betanin (Bn), a natural dye in the Betalains family, predominantly takes on a cationic form known as Bn+. However, it exists in a neutral state as Bn_C2, Bn_C15, and Bn_C17 by losing an H+ from one of its carboxylic acids. Density functional theory (DFT) and Time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) studies evaluate the efficiency of each betanin form and pinpoint the most probable anchoring point to TiO2. The Bn_C17 variant stands out as a highly promising candidate for DSSC cells, demonstrating a distinctive combination of electron injection efficiency, electrochemical performance, hole transport capabilities, and photovoltaic behavior. Considering factors like adsorption energy, binding mode, structural compatibility, electronic properties, and absorption characteristics, Bn_C17@TiO2 emerges as the most favorable dye@TiO2 complex among the studied betanin forms for DSSC applications. Contrastingly, the C2‐COOH anchoring point presents challenges with monodentate binding, a different orientation, and potential load distribution issues. This behavior, resembling that of a p‐type dye, differs from the n‐type behavior exhibited by the C15‐COOH and C17‐COOH forms, making the latter two more suitable as sensitizers. Consequently, C2‐COOH may not be the optimal anchoring point for TiO2 in the investigated betanin forms, especially when compared to the more favorable C17‐COOH anchoring point.
Tailoring Versatile Cathodes and Induced Anodes for Zn–Se Batteries: Anisotropic Orientation of Tin‐Based Materials within Bowl‐In‐Ball Carbon
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Chen Xing , Yan Yatao , Diao Guowang , Yan Hui , Ni Lubin , Piao Yuanzhe , Chen Ming
Published: June 2024

The advancement of Zn–Se batteries has been hindered by significant challenges, such as the sluggish kinetics of Se cathodes, limited Se loading, and uncontrollable formation of Zn dendrites. In this study, a bidirectional optimization strategy is devised for both cathode and anode to bolster the performance of Zn–Se batteries. A novel bowl‐in‐ball structured carbon (BIBCs) material is synthesized to serve as a nanoreactor, in which tin‐based materials are grown and derived in situ to construct cathodes and anodes. Within the cathode, the multifunctional host material (SnSe@BIBCs) exhibits large adsorption capacity for selenium, and demonstrates supreme catalytic properties and spatially confined characteristics toward the selenium reduction reaction (SeRR). On the anode, Sn@BIBCs displays triple‐induced properties, including the zincophilic of the internal metallic Sn, the homogenized spatial electric field from the 3D spatial structure, and the curvature effect of the bowl‐shaped carbon. Collectively, these factors induce preferential nucleation of Zn, ensuring its uniform deposition. As a result, the integrated Zn–Se battery system achieves a remarkable specific capacity of up to 603 mAh g−1 and an impressive energy density of 581 W kg−1, highlighting its tremendous potential for practical applications.
Identification of lateral pelvic nodes without metastasis in patients with rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy based on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hoshino Nobuaki , Fukui Yudai , Ueno Kohei , Hida Koya , Obama Kazutaka , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Itabashi Michio , Ishihara Soichiro , Kawai Kazushige , Ajioka Yoichi
Published: June 2024

Background

Intensive localized therapy is promising for the treatment of rectal cancer. In Japan, chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) are used as preoperative treatments for this disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to diagnose lateral pelvic node (LPN) metastases, but the changes in LPN findings on MRI following preoperative treatment are unclear. Furthermore, there may be patients in whom LPN dissection can be omitted after CRT/NAC.

Methods

Patients who underwent total mesorectal excision with LPN dissection after CRT/NAC at 13 Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum member institutions between 2017 and 2019 were included. Changes in the short diameter of the LPNs after CRT/NAC and the reduction rate were examined.

Results

A total of 101 LPNs were examined in 28 patients who received CRT and 228 in 47 patients who received NAC. Comparison of LPNs before and after CRT/NAC showed that most LPNs shrank after CRT but that the size reduction was variable after NAC. Although some LPNs with a short diameter of <5 mm showed residual metastasis, no metastases were observed in LPNs that were <5 mm in short diameter before and after CRT/NAC and did not shrink after treatment.

Conclusion

Although the short diameter of LPNs was significantly reduced by both CRT and NAC, even LPNs with a short diameter of <5 mm could have residual metastases. However, dissection may be omitted for LPNs <5 mm in short diameter that do not shrink after preoperative CRT or NAC.
Selectively enriching accessible quantum sieving sites in two‐dimensional carbons for D2/H2 kinetic separation
Authors: Wang Yong‐Sheng , Li Tian‐Yi , Zheng Zhe , Wang Miao , Zhang Meng‐Yao , Ba Ya‐Qi , Hao Guang‐Ping , Lu An‐Hui
Published: June 2024

Separation of hydrogen isotopes (D2/H2) attracts wide interest due to its important applications, such as nuclear fusion. Kinetic quantum sieving‐induced separation over tailored nanoporous solids is a promising method; however, the dynamic separation often shows a transient feature, thus a low D2/H2 selectivity even at temperature below 50 K. Herein, we selectively enriched the accessible quantum sieving (AQS) sites in two‐dimensional carbons by chemically growing a pore‐narrowing layer. The spatial density of such AQS sites is 8.5 times higher than that of commercial carbon molecular sieves. The kinetic selectivity of D2/H2 reached 4.6 at 77 K. Column breakthrough experiments revealed that the dynamic D2/H2 separation was enhanced by such a nanopore design. Aspen simulation indicated that D2 was enriched to 93.1% within 11 pressure swing adsorption cycles with a 1% D2/99% H2 mixture as feed.
Add‐On Deep Brain Stimulation versus Continued Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Childhood Epilepsy (ADVANCE): A Partially Randomized Patient Preference Trial
Authors: Suresh Hrishikesh , Mithani Karim , Warsi Nebras , Ochi Ayako , Otsubo Hiroshi , Drake James M. , Rutka James T. , Kerr Elizabeth , Smith Mary Lou , Breitbart Sara , Yau Ivanna , McRae Lyndsey , Chau Vann , Weiss Shelly , Jain Puneet , Donner Elizabeth , Fasano Alfonso , Gorodetsky Carolina , Ibrahim George M.
Published: June 2024

Outcomes following vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) improve over years after implantation in children with drug‐resistant epilepsy. The added value of deep brain stimulation (DBS) instead of continued VNS optimization is unknown. In a prospective, non‐blinded, randomized patient preference trial of 18 children (aged 8–17 years) who did not respond to VNS after at least 1 year, add‐on DBS resulted in greater seizure reduction compared with an additional year of VNS optimization (51.9% vs. 12.3%, p = 0.047). Add‐on DBS also resulted in less bothersome seizures (p = 0.03), but no change in quality of life. DBS may be considered earlier for childhood epilepsy after non‐response to VNS. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:405–411
Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanofibers improved melamine formaldehyde resin shell microcapsules for phase change thermal storage materials
Authors: Jia Lingyun , Liu Wenli , Wang Wenxue , Fan Rong , Liu Pengtao
Published: June 2024

A phase change microcapsule with n‐octadecane as the phase change core material and melamine formaldehyde resin as the wall material was successfully prepared by in situ polymerization using cellulose nanofibrillar filaments (CNF) as the emulsion stabilizer. The microencapsulation of phase change materials was characterized using scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy x‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The microcapsules had a perfectly spherical morphology with a core‐shell microstructure. The findings revealed that the microcapsules up to the highest efficiency of encapsulation and energy storage of 59.1% and 58.5%, respectively, were achieved when the CNF addition was 0.2 wt%, the core‐to‐wall mass ratio was 3:3.69, and the stirring rate was 1000 r/min. This work uses CNF as an emulsion stabilizer instead of conventional emulsifiers, which reduces the burden on the environment and provides a sustainable method for thermal energy storage and conversion.
Construction and mechanism of efficient flame retardant system for alkali lignin‐enhanced rigid polyurethane foam
Authors: Li Xu , Liu Chang , An Xin‐yu , Niu Li , Feng Jacko , Liu Zhi‐ming
Published: June 2024

The enhancement of flame resistance and mechanical strength is critical for the utilization of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composites. In this study, the efficient synergistic flame‐retardant system, incorporating dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and expandable graphite (EG), with the addition of refined alkali lignin (A‐lignin) were aimed to superior fire resistance and mechanical integrity for RPUF. Furthermore, the flame retardancy and charring ability of obtained RPUF were obviously enhanced. Notably, an RPUF mixture containing A‐lignin, DMMP, and EG demonstrated substantial charring at elevated temperatures, improved limiting oxygen index, and met the UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Cone calorimeter test indicated that this formulation produces less heat and smoke than pure RPUF. The flame‐retardant efficacy of obtained RPUF was attributed to the formation of a protective char layer coupled with the free radical neutralization properties of DMMP, collectively enhancing the flame retardancy obtained RPUF. Additionally, this RPUF variant showed significant advancements in both mechanical and thermal performance. This study outlines a successful strategy for developing RPUF composites endowed with enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical strengths.
A novel high reactive initiator system of vinyl‐substituted hydridopolycarbosilane (VHPCS) for lower curing temperature and higher ceramic yields
Authors: Ma Hanyu , Cao Biwen , Guo Wenxi , Huang Zheng , Wang Ruibin , Wan Liqiang
Published: June 2024

Vinyl‐substituted hydridopolycarbosilane (VHPCS) is widely studied for its low viscosity, abundance of active functional groups, rapid curing, and high ceramic yield. The curing reactions mainly involve the free radical polymerization of vinyl and hydrosilylation reactions, but these reactions typically require high temperatures such as 160–250°C. The curing behavior of VHPCS‐17 with a tert‐butyl peroxybenzoate/Nickel acetylacetonate (TBPB/NIAA) system is investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and in situ Fourier transform infrared. The properties of VHPCS‐17 with different initiator systems and VHPCS with different vinyl contents (under TBPB/NIAA system) are studied using thermogravimetric analysis and x‐ray diffraction. The results demonstrate that the TBPB/NIAA system can facilitate the free radical polymerization of vinyl; moreover, this system decreases the peak temperature of the curing reaction from 251 to 141°C and increases the ceramic yield from 80.49% to 89.88%. The ceramic yield of cured VHPCS increases gradually, reaching 89.88% when the vinyl content is 17%. The grain size of β‐SiC decreases continuously with the increase in vinyl content, while the high‐temperature oxidation‐resistant properties of SiC ceramics obtained from different VHPCSs are not negatively affected.
High‐performance XSBR‐based flexible strain sensors enabled by pleated microcrack structure
Authors: Huang Yaru , Wang Xinghuo , Gong Zhou , Liu Wei , Chen Xiaoqing , Cao Ziwu , Chen Yukun
Published: June 2024

Flexible strain sensors are attracting attention in areas such as medical monitoring sensing and rehabilitation therapy monitoring due to their powerful ability to sense, process, transmit and display complex information. However, it is an urgent challenge to realize the trade‐off between excellent performances such as high sensitivity, high linearity, wide strain sensing range and high durability. Herein, we prepare stretchable conductive composites with wrinkle composite micro‐crack structure by combining carboxystyrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) layer and carboxymethyl cellulose@Ag nanowire‐CNTs (CMC@AgNWs‐CNTs) conductive layer. Based on interfacial interactions, it can be adapted to different needs by adjusting the thickness of the strain sensing layer. When the thickness of the strain sensing layer is 4 μm, the strain sensor has a wide sensing range (strain capacity up to 300%) and high sensitivity (strain sensing factor of 484). At a thickness of 8 μm, the strain sensing performance exhibits a wide strain range, high linear fit and good cyclic stability. This work provides a new research idea to improve the comprehensive performance of flexible strain sensors and the contradiction between wide sensing range, high sensitivity and high linearity.
Polyoxometalate‐Polymer Directed Macromolecular Architectonics of Silver Nanoparticles as Effective Antimicrobials
Authors: Datta Lakshmi Priya , Dutta Debanjan , Mukherjee Riya , Das Tapan Kumar , Biswas Subharanjan
Published: June 2024

A novel inorganic‐organic‐inorganic ternary bioactive material formulated on antimicrobial peptide‐based polymer has been reported. Supramolecular approach has been employed to incorporate molecularly crowded tyrosine‐based polymer stabilized silver nanoparticles into membrane bound vesicles exploiting polyoxometalate‐triggered surface templating strategy. Utilizing the covalent reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and exploiting templated supramolecular architectonics at biopolymer interface, the bioactive ternary polymeric nanohybrids have been designed against Shigellosis leveraging the antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticle, cationic amphiphilic tyrosine polymer and inorganic polyoxometalate. The detail investigation against Shigella flexneri 2a cell line demonstrates that the collaborative mechanism of the ternary hybrid composite enhances the bactericidal activity in comparison to only polyoxometalate and polymer stabilized silver nanoparticle with an altered mechanism of action which is established via detailed biological analysis.
Efficient pricing of path‐dependent interest rate derivatives
Authors: Silva Allan Jonathan da , Baczynski Jack , Vicente José V. M.
Published: June 2024

Interest rate derivative pricing is a critical aspect of fixed‐income markets, where efficient methods are essential. This study introduces a novel approach to pricing path‐dependent interest rate derivatives within a broad class of affine jumps. The study's particular setting is the Fourier‐cosine series (COS) method adaptation, which offers an accurate and computationally efficient method for pricing interest rate derivatives. The Fourier‐cosine series approach can be used to compute probability density functions and option pricing with a linear computing complexity and exponential convergence rate. The lack of a quick and precise pricing technique for Asian interest rate options in diverse fixed‐income market scenarios is a research gap that is being addressed. This approach closes this gap by providing quasi‐closed and closed‐form equations for a range of density and characteristic functions, resulting in precise pricing. The results demonstrate the versatility of the COS method in interest rate markets. Similar to what has been previously reported for stock options, the numerical findings demonstrate the extreme precision and computing speed of the pricing and hedging estimations provided here. This method is an innovative approach to interest rate derivative pricing, offering researchers and practitioners a powerful tool for efficiently calculating prices and calibrating options across strikes and maturities.
Introducing reusable food packaging: Customer preferences and design implications for successful market entry
Authors: Noëth Esther , Van Opstal Wim , Du Bois Els
Published: June 2024

To achieve the sustainable development goals and a transition to the circular economy, we need to tackle the problem of single‐use packaging. As reusable packaging options are increasingly available, both from a technical and business perspective, most studies focus on its technical and value chain aspects while largely ignoring customer perspectives. In this paper, we present results from survey data, evaluating customer preferences on reusable food packaging of 40 food product categories, controlling for shopping preferences, personal characteristics and environmental orientation. Our results inform business strategies on market entry for a wide array of food products. Support for reusable food packaging can be mainly found among younger and environmentally conscious customers, which can be identified as first‐mover customer segments. Awareness of the waste problem and the environmental impact of packaging, most specifically on the issue of ‘overpackaging’ food, are shown to be positively related to interest in reusable food packaging. Promising food product markets to introduce reusable packaging are eggs, dry food products and bread‐based products. Reversely, interest in reusable food packaging is low for frozen food products, even among environmentally conscious customers. We formulate recommendations for product managers, designers and policymakers, stressing the importance of social learning by showcasing successful implementations of reusable packaging in classical grocery store outlets.
Diasporas during conflict: A mixed‐method analysis of attitudes of the Russian‐speaking community in Finland towards the Russia‐Ukraine war
Authors: Jasinskaja‐Lahti Inga , Szebeni Zea , Birman Dina , Mitikka Eemil , Renvik Tuuli Anna
Published: June 2024

This mixed‐method study of 1,374 Russian‐speaking immigrants living in Finland investigated how different characteristics of their socio‐political integration are reflected in their attitudes towards supporting Ukraine during the war. The results of survey responses showed that trust in Finnish media and engagement with Finnish societal issues predicted stronger ‘pro‐Ukraine’ attitudes (i.e., support for Finland's aid for Ukraine and condemning of Russia's invasion), while experiences of increased hate speech or discrimination of Russian speakers in Finland were related to weaker ‘pro‐Ukraine’ attitudes. Next, person‐centred analysis identified three socio‐political integration clusters. High Integration cluster respondents highly supported Ukraine as compared to Critical and Low Integration clusters. Critical Integration respondents were somewhat more integrated than Low Integration respondents, except they felt that discrimination towards Russian speakers had increased due to the war. Analyses of open‐ended responses confirmed that Critical Integration respondents were most likely concerned with discrimination. Low integration respondents had ambivalent attitudes in that many were opposed to the war but felt that Western countries were also responsible. Our findings highlight the role of socio‐political integration – and especially perceived discrimination – in shaping immigrants' political views during political turmoil. Receiving societies should promote non‐discrimination and inclusiveness to mitigate intergroup conflicts in societies with significant diasporic communities. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Synthesis, In vivo, and In silico Evaluation of New Pyrazoline‐Benzothiazole Conjugates as Antiepileptic Agents
Authors: Singh Himanshu , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Kumar Yadav Ranjeet , Kukreti Neelima , Abdullah Mohd. Mustaqeem , Kumar Tyagi Pankaj , Chaitanya MVNL
Published: June 2024

New 2‐(4‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl‐phenoxy)‐1‐(3,5‐diphenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐ethanones (9a–o) have been designed and synthesized. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by thin layer chromatography and spectral analysis. The antiepileptic potential of the synthesized compounds has been tested by following standard animal screening models, including maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) models. The neurotoxic and antidepression effects of the synthesized compounds were checked by utilizing rotarod apparatus, and motor impairment test (by actophotometer) respectively. The study concluded that compounds 9c, 9d, 9f, 9i, 9n, and 9o possessed good antiepileptic potential compared to standard drugs like carbamazepine and phenytoin. The results of the rotarod performance test also established them without any neurotoxicity. The motor impairment test revealed that the synthesized compounds are also good antidepressants. In‐silico studies have been performed for calculation of pharmacophore pattern, prediction of pharmacokinetic properties which determine the eligibility of synthesized compounds as orally administered molecules and interactions with the target proteins. The result of in‐silico studies reinforced results obtained by in vivo study of the synthesized compounds and their possible mechanism of antiepileptic action i. e. via inhibiting voltage‐gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and gamma‐aminobutyric acid‐A receptor.
Small bowel evisceration after abdominal hysterectomy with open vaginal cuff technique: A case report
Authors: Dabiri Seyed Ramin , Mehri Ali , Mollanorouzi Farzaneh , Alavi Davod , Abdollahi Abbas , Rajabi Mashhadi Mohammad Taghi
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

Vaginal cuff dehiscence post‐hysterectomy is rare yet significant. Early recognition and prompt surgical intervention are crucial to prevent complications like bowel infarction. Consider second‐look laparotomy in cases of uncertain bowel viability.

Vaginal cuff dehiscence (VCD) is a rare but potentially life‐threatening complication following a hysterectomy characterized by the separation of the vaginal vault. This condition, which may result in vaginal evisceration (VE), presents a significant risk of pelvic contents, particularly the small bowel, protruding into the vagina. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are paramount to prevent severe complications, including bowel infarction, obstruction, and peritonitis. Although VCD and VE are rare, they require urgent surgical management to avoid adverse outcomes. We reported a case of small bowel evisceration in a woman with a history of total abdominal hysterectomy 6 months ago. VCD and VE are very rare but life‐threatening complications of hysterectomy. Discussing the symptoms with patients who have multiple risk factors is crucial to avoid severe sequels following hysterectomy. Based on our experience, performing a second‐look laparotomy is a reliable approach to ensure the viability of the intestinal loop. However, it will likely increase the risk of infection.
Copper Catalyzed [3+2] Annulation Reaction of Exocyclic Sulfonyl Enamides for the Synthesis of N,O‐Spiroketal and Spiroketal
Authors: Cheng Wen‐Fu , Gao Shan‐Zeng , Yang Yu‐Chen , Wang Lijia
Published: June 2024

A copper‐catalyzed [3+2] annulation reaction of exocyclic enamines/enol ethers with 1,4‐benzoquinone esters has been developed, providing facile access to N,O‐spiroketals and spiroketals under mild conditions with broad substrate scope (26 examples, 71–94 % yields). Gram scale synthesis and chemical transformations demonstrated that this method is potentially useful in the synthesis of natural products and drugs containing a N,O‐ spiroketal moiety. The chiral N,O‐spiroketal could be obtained with 98 % ee after recrystallization, when a chiral SaBOX ligand was employed.
Photopatterned Hybrid Supramolecular/Polymer Hydrogels for Controlled Heparin Release and Stem Cell Growth
Authors: López‐Acosta Álvaro , Chivers Phillip R. A. , Piras Carmen C. , Kay Alasdair G. , Genever Paul G. , Smith David K.
Published: June 2024

This paper reports hybrid gels combining a low‐molecular‐weight gelator (LMWG) and a photoinitiated crosslinked polymer gel (PG). The presence of the PG enhanced the stiffness and strength of the gel. The gels were loaded with heparin, and in the hybrid gel, the interpenetrated LMWG and PG networks somewhat restricted its release. In terms of stem cell growth, the hybrid gel significantly improved the performance of the PG because of the presence of the LMWG, which is an excellent substrate for stem cells in its own right. Furthermore, the presence of heparin in the hybrid gels also enhanced stem cell proliferation over longer timescales. Finally, these gels were photopatterned within the well‐plates used for tissue culture, with patterning helping control stem cell proliferation. In summary, these hybrid gels combine the advantageous features of both LMWG and PG: rheological performance is endowed by the PG with stem cell compatibility provided by the LMWG. The hybrid gels also control the release of the bioactive agent heparin and have capacity to be shaped and patterned. Patterned gels such as these, capable of directing stem cell growth, have potential in regenerative medicine.
Tailoring Surface Engineering with Expanded Precursor Libraries via Rapid Mussel‐Inspired Chemistry
Authors: Wu Hailiang , Sun Qiang , Guo Caihong , Wei Xin , Wei Junfu , Wu Xiaoqing , Zhong Zhili , Wang Huicai
Published: June 2024

Mussel‐inspired coating is a substrate‐independent surface modification technology. However, its application is limited by time‐consuming, tailoring specific functions require tedious secondary reaction. To overcome those drawbacks, a strategy for the rapid fabrication of diverse coatings by expanding the library of precursors using oxidation coupled with polyamine was proposed. Based on DFT simulations of the reaction pathways, a method was developed to achieve rapid deposition of coatings by coupling oxidation and polyamines, which simultaneously accelerated the oxidation of precursors and polymer chain growth. The feasibility and generalizability of the strategy was validated by the rapid coating of 10 catechol derivatives and polyamines on various substrates. The surface properties of the substrates such as functional group densities, Zeta potential and contact angles can be easily tuned. The tailored surface engineering application of the strategy was demonstrated by the heavy metal adsorbents and superwetting materials prepared through the delicate combination of different building blocks. Our strategy was flexible in terms of diverse surface engineering design which greatly enriched the connotation of mussel‐inspired technique.
Discovery and Model‐Informed Drug Development of a Controlled‐Release Formulation of Nonracemic Amisulpride that Reduces Plasma Exposure but Achieves Pharmacodynamic Bioequivalence in the Brain
Authors: Hopkins Seth C. , Toongsuwan Siriporn , Corriveau Taryn J. , Watanabe Takao , Tsushima Yuki , Asada Takumi , Lew Robert , Shi Lei , Zann Vanessa , Snowden Thomas J. , van der Graaf Piet H. , Darpo Borje , Searle Graham E. , Rabiner Eugenii A. , Wilding Ian , Szabo Steven T. , Galluppi Gerald R. , Koblan Kenneth S.
Published: June 2024

Nonracemic amisulpride (SEP‐4199) is an investigational 85:15 ratio of aramisulpride to esamisulpride and currently in clinical trials for the treatment of bipolar depression. During testing of SEP‐4199, a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) disconnect was discovered that prompted the development of a controlled‐release (CR) formulation with improved therapeutic index for QT prolongation. Observations that supported the development of a CR formulation included (i) plasma concentrations of amisulpride enantiomers were cleared within 24‐hours, but brain dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) occupancies, although achieving stable levels during this time, required 5 days to return to baseline; (ii) nonracemic amisulpride administered to non‐human primates produced significantly greater D2R occupancies during a gradual 6‐hour administration compared with a single bolus; (iii) concentration–occupancy curves were left‐shifted in humans when nonracemic amisulpride was gradually administered over 3 and 6 hours compared with immediate delivery; (iv) CR solid oral dose formulations of nonracemic amisulpride were able to slow drug dissolution in vitro and reduce peak plasma exposures in vivo in human subjects. By mathematically solving for a drug distribution step into an effect compartment, and for binding to target receptors, the discovery of a novel PK/PD model (termed here as Distribution Model) accounted for hysteresis between plasma and brain, a lack of receptor saturation, and an absence of accumulation of drug occupancy with daily doses. The PK/PD disconnect solved by the Distribution Model provided model‐informed drug development to continue in Phase III using the non‐bioequivalent CR formulation with diminished QT prolongation as dose‐equivalent to the immediate release (IR) formulation utilized in Phase II.
Exploring the Critical Factors Toward Spectrally Stable Mixed‐Halide Blue Perovskite LEDs
Authors: Wei Lulu , Tian Shubing , Sun Mingze , Song Ruili , Wang Yunhu , Zhang Mingming , Wang Lei , Wei Zhanhua , Xing Jun
Published: June 2024

Metal mixed‐halide perovskite has demonstrated considerable potential in the development of solution‐treated blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with high external quantum efficiency, excellent color purity, and tunable wavelength. However, the severe phase segregation of mixed‐halide perovskite under bias voltage would lead to the spectral instability of LEDs. Therefore, suppressing phase segregation of Br/Cl perovskite towards spectrally stable blue perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) is a big challenge. In this work, we systematically explore the influence of perovskite component, preparation conditions, and device structures on the spectral stability of PeLEDs. We have observed that the stable spectra increased the proportion of Cs in the A‐site cations, passivator, and the annealing temperature of perovskite films. Finally, we achieve a spectra‐stable and high‐performance blue PeLED under optimized conditions. Our findings provide important guidance for preparing spectrally stable PeLEDs.
Efficacy and safety of uncovered self‐expandable metal stents for distal malignant biliary obstruction in unresectable non‐pancreatic cancer
Authors: Niiya Fumitaka , Tamai Naoki , Yamawaki Masataka , Noda Jun , Azami Tetsushi , Takano Yuichi , Nishimoto Fumiya , Nagahama Masatsugu
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The efficacy of uncovered self‐expandable metal stents (UCSEMS) versus fully covered self‐expandable metal stents for distal malignant biliary obstruction remains controversial. Additionally, the heterogeneity of the disease conditions has been indicated in previous studies because pancreatic and non‐pancreatic cancers have different characteristics in clinical course. Therefore, the etiology of biliary obstruction necessitates investigations stratified by primary disease. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of UCSEMS, specifically for non‐pancreatic cancer‐induced distal malignant biliary obstruction.

Methods

We conducted a single‐center retrospective review to evaluate the time to recurrent biliary obstruction and frequency of adverse events (AEs) in patients receiving UCSEMS for unresectable non‐pancreatic cancer‐induced malignant biliary obstruction.

Results

Overall, 32 patients were enrolled in the study between January 2016 and December 2023. The median time to recurrent biliary obstruction was 140 days. AE rates were low at 3.1% for both pancreatitis and cholecystitis, suggesting a potential benefit of UCSEMS in reducing post‐procedural AEs.

Conclusion

UCSEMS may reduce the risk of post‐procedural AEs and should be considered in patients at high risk of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. However, the patency period may be shorter, necessitating future comparative research with fully covered self‐expandable metal stents to determine the optimal stent choice.
Shifting institutional culture to develop climate solutions with Open Science
Authors: Lowndes Julia Stewart , Holder Anna M. , Markowitz Emily H. , Clatterbuck Corey , Bradford Amanda L. , Doering Kathryn , Stevens Molly H. , Butland Stefanie , Burke Devan , Kross Sean , Hollister Jeffrey W. , Stawitz Christine , Siple Margaret C. , Rios Adyan , Welch Jessica Nicole , Li Bai , Nojavan Farnaz , Davis Alexandra , Steiner Erin , London Josh M. , Fenwick Ileana , Hunzinger Alexis , Verstaen Juliette , Holmes Elizabeth , Virdi Makhan , Barrett Andrew P. , Robinson Erin
Published: June 2024

To address our climate emergency, “we must rapidly, radically reshape society”—Johnson & Wilkinson, All We Can Save. In science, reshaping requires formidable technical (cloud, coding, reproducibility) and cultural shifts (mindsets, hybrid collaboration, inclusion). We are a group of cross‐government and academic scientists that are exploring better ways of working and not being too entrenched in our bureaucracies to do better science, support colleagues, and change the culture at our organizations. We share much‐needed success stories and action for what we can all do to reshape science as part of the Open Science movement and 2023 Year of Open Science.
Coping with provoked vestibulodynia in a relational context—A cluster analysis of coping patterns and their associations with relational cognitions and goals
Authors: Ekholm Elin , Engman Linnéa , ter Kuile Moniek M. , Flink Ida K.
Published: June 2024

Background

Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a common pain condition, negatively impacting the relationships and sexual lives of sufferers. Women's coping behaviour has been associated with psychosexual outcomes, yet coping patterns in clinical PVD samples are unexplored, and it is not known how women's coping relates to their relational context.

Method

Women (N = 128) with PVD answered questionnaires about psychosexual function, pain coping (avoidance and endurance), relational‐ and pain catastrophizing, sexual goals and perceived partner responses. Cluster analysis was used to explore coping patterns; clusters were validated on measures of pain and psychosexual function and compared on catastrophizing, sexual goals and partner responses using multivariate analyses of variance.

Results

The analysis yielded four clusters: endurance; combined high avoidance and endurance; avoidance; and combined low. The group with high levels of both avoidance and endurance coping displayed the worst psychosexual outcomes and high levels of pain‐ and relational catastrophizing, approach and avoidance goals and perceived negative partner responses.

Conclusion

There are distinct patterns of coping among women with PVD, and these coping patterns are associated with psychosexual outcomes and relational cognitions and goals, and perceived partner responses. Women who alternate between avoidance and endurance are more distressed and report worse psychosexual functioning. This pattern needs to be identified and addressed in the treatment of PVD.

Significance Statement

This study extends previous findings on vulvar pain coping patterns to a clinical population of women with PVD. It is further the first study to address the relationship between relational variables, such as partner responses and relational catastrophizing and different coping patterns. Thus, the contribution of this study is the contextualizing of coping patterns among women with PVD. The results showed that a combined pattern of avoidance and endurance coping is associated with high distress, poor psychosexual outcomes, and indications of insufficient relational coping, highlighting the need for clinical assessment and intervention to target both women's individual coping patterns and their relational context.