bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Fully Substituted 2‐Aminopyrroles via Gold‐Catalyzed Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition between Ynamides and Isoxazoles
Authors: Xiao Xin‐Yu , Zhou Ai‐Hua , Shu Chao , Pan Fei , Li Ting , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: June 2015

A concise and flexible synthesis of fully substituted 2‐aminopyrroles via gold‐catalyzed formal [3+2] cycloaddition between ynamides and isoxazoles has been developed. Under mild reaction conditions, various 2‐aminopyrrole derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields, thus providing an efficient and atom‐economic way for the construction of fully substituted 2‐aminopyrroles.
Agglomerative joint clustering of metabolic data with spike at zero: A Bayesian perspective
Authors: Partovi Nia Vahid , Ghannad‐Rezaie Mostafa
Published: June 2015

In many biological applications, for example high‐dimensional metabolic data, the measurements consist of several continuous measurements of subjects or tissues over multiple attributes or metabolites. Measurement values are put in a matrix with subjects in rows and attributes in columns. The analysis of such data requires grouping subjects and attributes to provide a primitive guide toward data modeling. A common approach is to group subjects and attributes separately, and construct a two‐dimensional dendrogram tree, once on rows and then on columns. This simple approach provides a grouping visualization through two separate trees, which is difficult to interpret jointly. When a joint grouping of rows and columns is of interest, it is more natural to partition the data matrix directly. Our suggestion is to build a dendrogram on the matrix directly, thus generalizing the two‐dimensional dendrogram tree to a three‐dimensional forest. The contribution of this research to the statistical analysis of metabolic data is threefold. First, a novel spike‐and‐slab model in various hierarchies is proposed to identify discriminant rows and columns. Second, an agglomerative approach is suggested to organize joint clusters. Third, a new visualization tool is invented to demonstrate the collection of joint clusters. The new method is motivated over gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) metabolic data, but can be applied to other continuous measurements with spike at zero property.
Monotone spline‐based least squares estimation for panel count data with informative observation times
Authors: Deng Shirong , Liu Li , Zhao Xingqiu
Published: June 2015

This article discusses the statistical analysis of panel count data when the underlying recurrent event process and observation process may be correlated. For the recurrent event process, we propose a new class of semiparametric mean models that allows for the interaction between the observation history and covariates. For inference on the model parameters, a monotone spline‐based least squares estimation approach is developed, and the resulting estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. In particular, our new approach does not rely on the model specification of the observation process. The proposed inference procedure performs well through simulation studies, and it is illustrated by the analysis of bladder tumor data.
A 2D software system for expedite analysis of CFD problems in complex geometries
Authors: Lopes A. M. G.
Published: June 2015

EasyCFD_G, a 2D software tool for fluid dynamics and heat transfer applications, is presented. The underlying physical and numerical principles are described, including mesh generation. The software is based on quadrilateral structured and unstructured meshes, rendering it with great versatility in geometrical terms. Amenable problems include multi‐domain simulations with fluid and solid regions, thermal effects and mixing of different fluids, in stationary or turbulent regime. For illustration, a few example problems are presented, covering different physical situations, including comparison with benchmark data. Due to its versatility, fast learning curve and easy and intuitive utilization, this software tool represents a great value for educational purposes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. 24:27–38, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21668
A hormonal approach to anti‐social behaviour
Authors: Loomans Max M. , Tulen Joke H. M. , de Rijke Yolanda B. , van Marle Hjalmar J. C.
Published: June 2015

Background

Altered levels of cortisol and testosterone have previously been associated with anti‐social personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy, but there is some conflicting evidence as to how characteristic these findings are.

Aim

To test the hypothesis that diurnal fluctuations in cortisol and/or testosterone will differentiate ASPD and psychopathy among male forensic psychiatric inpatients and distinguish both groups from healthy men not in treatment.

Methods

One hundred and sixty‐six men participated: 81 patients with ASPD, 42 of whom had a Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R) score of 26 or more and 39 with a score of 25 or less, 51 forensic hospital employees and 34 general population men. None in the latter two groups had abnormal personality traits. For each person, diurnal cortisol and testosterone saliva samples were collected.

Results

Both patient groups and the forensic hospital employees showed significantly higher diurnal testosterone levels than the general population, community‐based men. The community men showed significantly lower values in their diurnal cortisol variation than the ASPD and psychopathy groups but, in this, were similar to the forensic employee group. Neither cortisol nor testosterone levels differentiated the higher from lower Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised scorers.

Conclusions

We replicated findings of diurnal testosterone deficiencies among men with psychopathy and ASPD, but we were unable to differentiate patients groups from each other or from the hospital employees on cortisol measures. This suggests a case for more research with more diverse comparison groups and more differentiation of personality traits before drawing definitive conclusions about distinctive hormonal patterns among men with psychopathy, as external environmental variables may prove more influential than previously suspected. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renal dysfunction due to hydronephrosis by SAPHO syndrome: a case report
Authors: Kakoki Katsura , Miyata Yasuyoshi , Enokizono Mikako , Uetani Masataka , Sakai Hideki
Published: June 2015

Key Clinical Message

Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, Osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome shows varied pathological symptoms. This is the first report of hydronephrosis due to the mechanical compression of bilateral ureters as a result of SAPHO syndrome. From our experience, MRI is the most useful imaging examination to check the upper urinary tract in SAPHO syndrome.
Software for Simulation of Second‐Generation Ethanol Production by a Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Process
Authors: Silva Marcelo B. , Inácio Luciana M.
Published: June 2015

Environmental impacts associated with the consumption of fossil fuels and the need to generate power through renewable resources demands the usage of alternative materials. The objective is the production of clean energy from materials like lignocellulosic biomass to produce second‐generation (2G) ethanol. A software in the Matlab program is elaborated to simulate the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process of lignocellulosic biomass for the 2G ethanol production in batch reactors. Studying the effects of the process variables, it was found that the higher interference is caused by cellulose concentration. Higher concentrations of the product in batch processes are obtained with the maximum cellulose concentrations, cells, and enzyme.
Two Reaction Mechanisms via Iminium Ion Intermediates: The Different Reactivities of Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether and Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Diarylprolinol Silyl Ether
Authors: Gotoh Hiroaki , Uchimaru Tadafumi , Hayashi Yujiro
Published: June 2015

The reactions of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with cyclopentadiene in the presence of diarylprolinol silyl ethers as catalyst proceed via iminium cations as intermediates, and can be divided into two types; one involving a Michael‐type reaction (type A) and one involving a cycloaddition (type B). Diphenylprolinol silyl ethers and trifluoromethyl‐substituted diarylprolinol silyl ethers, which are widely used proline‐type organocatalysts, have been investigated in this study. As the LUMO of the iminium ion derived from trifluoromethyl‐substituted diarylprolinol silyl ether is lower in energy than that derived from diphenylprolinol silyl ether, as supported by ab initio calculations, the trifluoromethyl‐substituted catalyst is more reactive in a type B reaction. The iminium ion from an α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde is generated more quickly with diphenylprolinol silyl ether than with the trifluoromethyl‐substituted diarylprolinol silyl ether. When the generation of the iminium ion is the rate‐determining step, the diphenylprolinol silyl ether catalyst is the more reactive. Because acid accelerates the generation of iminium ions and reduces the generation of anionic nucleophiles in the Michael‐type reaction (type A), it is necessary to select the appropriate acid for specific reactions. In general, diphenylprolinol silyl ether is a superior catalyst for type A reactions, whereas the trifluoromethyl‐substituted diarylprolinol silyl ether catalyst is preferred for type B reactions.
Synthesis of Periphery‐Decorated and Core‐Initiated Borane Polyanionic Macromolecules
Authors: Teixidor Francesc , Pepiol Ariadna , Viñas Clara
Published: June 2015

A new class of globular polybranched macromolecules that contain multiple anionic metallacarborane clusters at the o‐carborane periphery is reported. The water soluble high boron rich containing molecules could be of interest for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) as well as for drug delivery. The reinforced electrostatic noncovalent interactions between anionic polyethylene glycol cobaltabisdicarbollide (PEG‐COSAN) branches and the ammonium cation have been shown using ESI‐MS.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Electrochemical Characteristics of SiO2 Modified Li4Ti5O12 as Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Li Wen , Chen Mianzhong , Jiang Jinjin , Wu Rui , Wang Feng , Liu Wenjing , Peng Gongchang , Qu Meizhen
Published: June 2015

The Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anode material is modified by SiO2 through sol‐gel processing of a mixture of LTO and Si(OEt)4 (2.5, 5, and 10 mol%) in EtOH prior to firing the dried material in air (500 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Studies on Synthesis of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (LiNCM) as a Cathode Material Prepared by Thermal Degradation of Oxalate Anion.
Authors: Kim Sang Hern
Published: June 2015

LiNCM powder is prepared by precipitation from an equimolar aqueous solution of Ni(NO3)2, Co(NO3)2, Mn(Ac‐O)2 to which (NH4)2C2O4 is given followed by drying (100 °C, 2 h) and admixing of LiOH prior to sintering in air (850 °C, 1 d; 500 °C, 1 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Na8Eu2(Si2S6)2 and Na8Eu2(Ge2S6)2: Europium(II) Quaternary Chalcogenides that Contain an Ethane‐Like (Si2S6)6‐ or (Ge2S6)6‐ Moiety.
Authors: Choudhury Amitava , Ghosh Kartik , Grandjean Fernande , Long Gary J. , Dorhout Peter K.
Published: June 2015

Single crystals of Na8Eu2(Si2S6)2 (I) and Na8Eu2(Ge2S6)2 (II) are prepared by a polychalcogenide reactive flux method using the elements and freshly prepared Na2S2 in nearly stoichiometric amounts (evacuated silica tubes, 750 °C, 150 h; 5 °C/h cooling rate).
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Metal Salts Supported on Montmorillonite as Recyclable Catalysts for Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation of Double Bonds in Conventional and VOC‐Exempt Solvents.
Authors: Notar Francesco Irene , Cacciuttolo Bastien , Pucheault Mathieu , Antoniotti Sylvain
Published: June 2015

A large range of cyclic ethers is synthesized by intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of corresponding unsaturated alcohols using benign metals such as Fe and Bi supported on montmorillonite as sustainable catalyst systems.
ChemInform Abstract: From Acyliminiums/Amidoallenyliums to Highly Functionalized Allene Intermediates: Stereoselective Preparation of Z‐Amidovinyl‐Furans, ‐Pyrroles, ‐Thiophenes, ‐Benzofurans and ‐Benzothiophenes.
Authors: Liu Le , Chen Dianpeng , Zhou Hongwei
Published: June 2015

Treatment of alkynylimine with acyl bromides furnishes tetrasubstituted allene intermediates which undergo an intramolecular ring‐closure/opening cascade to yield the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic, Difluorocarbene‐Based S‐Difluoromethylation of Thiocarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Fuchibe Kohei , Bando Masaki , Takayama Ryo , Ichikawa Junji
Published: June 2015

Difluorocarbene generated in situ acts as difluoromethylating agent of thioamides and thiocarbamates.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoredox Removal of p‐Methoxybenzyl Ether Protecting Group with Hydrogen Peroxide as Terminal Oxidant.
Authors: Liu Zheng , Zhang Yi , Cai Zheren , Sun Hao , Cheng Xu
Published: June 2015

Green LEDs are used as light source.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Construction of Spirocarbocycles via an Alkyne Insertion/β‐Naphthol Dearomatization Cascade.
Authors: Zheng Huayu , Bai Lu , Liu Jingjing , Nan Jiang , Zuo Zhijun , Yang Liu , Wang Yaoyu , Luan Xinjun
Published: June 2015

A simple and efficient procedure is elaborated for the microwave‐assisted synthesis of spirocyclic compounds (III) and (V) from naphthols and symmetrical alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnCl2‐Promoted Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Secondary‐Amino Ketones Catalyzed by a P‐Chiral Rh‐Bisphosphine Complex.
Authors: Hu Qiupeng , Zhang Zhenfeng , Liu Yangang , Imamoto Tsuneo , Zhang Wanbin
Published: June 2015

A P‐chiral bisphosphine‐rhodium complex acts in combination with the catalyst activator zinc chloride as new catalytic system for the asymmetric hydrogenation of β‐secondary‐amino ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Orchestrated Triple C—H Activation Reactions Using Two Directing Groups: Rapid Assembly of Complex Pyrazoles.
Authors: Yang Weibo , Ye Shengqing , Fanning Dewey , Coon Timothy , Schmidt Yvonne , Krenitsky Paul , Stamos Dean , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: June 2015

A sequential triple C—H activation reaction directed by a pyrazole and an amide group leads to the well‐controlled construction of sterically congested dihydrobenzo[e]indazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Formal [3 + 3] Cycloadditions of Ketones and Cyclic 1‐Azadienes by Cascade Enamine—Enamine Catalysis.
Authors: He Xiao‐Long , Xiao You‐Cai , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: June 2015

A broad spectrum of both reactants is tested in the presence of the optimized catalytic system A).
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Mediated Radical Cyclization of Alkynoates and α‐Keto Acids Leading to Coumarins via Cascade Double C—C Bond Formation.
Authors: Yan Kelu , Yang Daoshan , Wei Wei , Wang Fen , Shuai Yuanyuan , Li Qiannan , Wang Hua
Published: June 2015

Aryl alkynoates (I) are coupled with β‐keto acids (II) giving coumarin derivatives (III) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Consecutive Palladium(II)‐Promoted C—H Alkenylation Reactions for the Synthesis of 3‐Alkenylquinolones.
Authors: Ortiz‐de‐Elguea Veronica , Sotomayor Nuria , Lete Esther
Published: June 2015

The selective 6‐endo intramolecular C‐H alkenylation reactions of substrates (I) and (IX) lead to quinolones.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free One‐Pot Four‐Component Domino Reactions in Water—PEG‐400: Highly Efficient and Convergent Approach to Thiazoloquinoline Scaffolds.
Authors: Nagaraju Anugula , Ramulu B. Janaki , Shukla Gaurav , Srivastava Abhijeet , Verma Girijesh Kumar , Raghuvanshi Keshav , Singh Maya Shankar
Published: June 2015

A new and efficient protocol for the synthesis of highly diversified thiazoloquinoline scaffolds by one‐pot four‐component cascade reaction of α‐enolic dithioesters, cysteamine, aldehydes, and cyclic 1,3‐diketones is given.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Cascade to Protoberberine Alkaloids via Stevens Rearrangement of Nitrile‐Stabilized Ammonium Ylides.
Authors: Lahm Guenther , Deichmann Jan‐Gernot , Rauen Anna Lisa , Opatz Till
Published: June 2015

This method gives access to quaternary protoberberines including naturally occurring pseudopalmatine (IIIf) and pseudoepiberberine (IIIg).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Construction of C‐Hydroxydiketopiperazines Using Lanthanum(III) Triflate.
Authors: Wang Qing‐Peng , Zhang Hong‐Bo , Ning Xin , Hang Hang , Huang Zhong‐Lv , Song Hao‐Ran , Wang Xin , Wang Peng George
Published: June 2015

A highly efficient and convenient method for the construction of C‐hydroxydiketopiperazines is developed using Lanthanum(III) triflate as a recyclable reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalyst Free, One Pot Approach for the Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives via Oxidative Cyclization of 1,2‐Diamines and Phenacyl Bromides.
Authors: Kumar Kapil , Mudshinge Sagar Ravso , Goyal Sandeep , Gangar Mukesh , Nair Vipin A.
Published: June 2015

The oxidative condensation proceeds in water as the solvent to give quinoxalines in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzopentathiepin Analogues and Their Evaluation as Inhibitors of the Phosphatase STEP.
Authors: Baguley Tyler D. , Nairn Angus C. , Lombroso Paul J. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: June 2015

Analogues of already known benzopentathiepin TC‐2153, a novel inhibitor of striatal‐enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Ozonolysis of Unsaturated Compounds in the Synthesis of Insect Pheromones and Juvenoids
Authors: Ishmuratov G. Yu. , Legostaeva Yu. V. , Garifullina L. R. , Botsman L. P. , Yakovleva M. P. , Tolstikov G. A.
Published: June 2015

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrocarbon Pyrolysis with a Methane Focus: A Review on the Catalytic Effect and the Coke Production
Authors: Fau Guillaume , Gascoin Nicolas , Steelant Johan
Published: June 2015

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Upgrading of Extractives to Chemicals: Monoterpenes to “EXICALS”
Authors: Golets Mikhail , Ajaikumar Samikannu , Mikkola Jyri‐Pekka
Published: June 2015

Review: 184 refs.
The commercialization of academic outputs in the administrative sciences: A multiple‐case study in a university‐based business school
Authors: Mesny Anne , Pinget Nicolas , Mailhot Chantale
Published: June 2015

Technology transfer, and its focus on research commercialization, is gaining popularity in all academic fields as a way to better demonstrate universities' external impacts. We conducted a multiple case‐study of three commercialization projects in Organizational Development, Information Technology, and Marketing, which took place in a university business school. We explored to what extent the technology transfer model of commercializing academic outputs could apply in business schools. We also examined its potential value compared to other ways of sharing academic expertise. Although the technology transfer approach appears to work, the three projects exhibited crucial characteristics that markedly differ from traditional technology transfer. Compared to other forms of knowledge uses, what makes research commercialization so attractive is that it is readily observable and traceable. However, it raises some fundamental questions about knowledge production and its use. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population‐based trends in high‐grade cervical lesions in the early human papillomavirus vaccine era in the United States
Authors: Hariri Susan , Johnson Michelle L. , Bennett Nancy M. , Bauer Heidi M. , Park Ina U. , Schafer Sean , Niccolai Linda M. , Unger Elizabeth R. , Markowitz Lauri E. ,   HPV‐IMPACT Working Group
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, 3, and adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2+) lesions can be monitored as early indicators of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine impact. Changes to screening utilization will affect observed reductions in CIN2+ rates and complicate the interpretation of vaccine impact.

METHODS

From 2008 to 2012, 9119 cases of CIN2+ among 18‐ to 39‐year‐old residents of catchment areas in California, Connecticut, New York, and Oregon were reported to the HPV‐IMPACT Project, a sentinel system for monitoring the population impact of HPV vaccine. Age‐stratified CIN2+ incidence rates were calculated for each catchment. Annual cervical screening was estimated for California, New York, and Oregon catchments with administrative and survey data. The Cochran‐Armitage test was used to examine trends.

RESULTS

From 2008 to 2012, the incidence of CIN2+ significantly decreased among 18‐ to 20‐year‐olds (California, from 94 to 5 per 100,000 women; Connecticut, from 450 to 57 per 100,000 women; New York, from 299 to 43 per 100,000 women; and Oregon, from 202 to 37 per 100,000 women; Ptrend < .0001) and among 21‐ to 29‐year‐olds in Connecticut (from 762 to 589 per 100,000 women) and New York (from 770 to 465 per 100,000 women; Ptrend < .001); rates did not differ among 30‐ to 39‐year‐olds. During the same period, screening rates also declined, with the largest decreases among 18‐ to 20‐year‐olds (from 67% in Oregon to 88% in California) and with smaller declines among 21‐ to 29‐year‐olds (13%‐27%) and 30‐ to 39‐year‐olds (3%‐21%).

CONCLUSIONS

The declines in CIN2+ detection in young women were likely due to reduced screening but could also reflect the impact of vaccination. These data illustrate challenges in interpreting CIN2+ ecologic trends in the new era of cervical cancer prevention and emphasize the importance of information such as HPV types detected in lesions to assess the impact of HPV vaccine on cervical precancers. Cancer 2015;121:2775‐2781. © 2015 American Cancer Society
Parenting changes in adults with cancer
Authors: Moore Cynthia W. , Rauch Paula K. , Baer Lee , Pirl William F. , Muriel Anna C.
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND

Children whose parents have cancer are at risk for psychosocial difficulties; however, the mechanisms are not well understood. This cross‐sectional study sought support for a model connecting parental cancer to child distress through its impact on parenting self‐efficacy beliefs and parenting behaviors by examining relations among parental illness, quality of life/parent functioning, parenting efficacy beliefs, and concerns about children's emotional distress.

METHODS

One hundred ninety‐four adult oncology outpatients with children who were 18 years old or younger completed questionnaires assessing their health‐related quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General), depression and anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), overall distress (Distress Thermometer), and parenting efficacy beliefs and parenting concerns (Parenting Concerns Questionnaire).

RESULTS

Parenting efficacy scores for parents and coparents declined significantly after diagnosis. This decline correlated with more visits to a medical clinic, treatment with intravenous chemotherapy in the past month, poorer health‐related quality of life, and more depression and distress. Parents experiencing the most concern about the impact of mood, physical limitations, and changes in routines on their children experienced the biggest declines in their own sense of efficacy as parents and in their belief in their coparent's efficacy. Finally, declines in parenting efficacy beliefs correlated with parental concerns about children's emotional distress about aspects of the parent's illness.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the importance of identifying and addressing parenting concerns to alleviate patient distress, and it may help to guide future intervention efforts. Cancer 2015;121:3435–43. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Cooperative multi‐cellular large MIMO over asynchronous channel training
Authors: Kobayashi Ricardo Tadashi , Abrão Taufik
Published: June 2015

This work analyzes multi‐cell MIMO systems equipped with a very large number of antennas in the base‐station (BS) side and with low‐complexity zero‐forcing and matched‐filter receivers. Cooperation between BSs in a multi‐cell scenarios is analyzed in order to avoid the well‐known pilot contamination effect on massive MIMO systems, while the effects of asynchronism between users and BSs in training phase using different pilot sequences, for example, Walsh–Hadamard, Gold, and Kasami sequence sets on the system performance are examined. As low‐complexity processing is deployed, the synchronism offset in training phase may introduce errors on the channel estimation process, adding its effect to the pilot contamination, resulting in an aggressive detection scenario. Numerical results using the BER as a performance figure of merit measure in downlink have corroborated our finding. It was also developed an analytical error formula for channel estimation subject to synchronization offset levels in terms of fractional unit of symbol time duration, which was validated through channel mean squared error and BER performance simulation results. Through these both performance figures and under practical scenarios, the use of pseudo‐random sequence sets may be preferable instead of orthogonal ones, mainly because of their out‐of‐phase cross‐correlation levels. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clustering‐based low‐complexity resource allocation in two‐tier femtocell networks with QoS provisioning
Authors: Fu Fengchao , Lu Zhaoming , Xie Yuanbao , Jing Wenpeng , Wen Xiangming
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we study the resource allocation problem of the uplink transmission with delay quality‐of‐service constraints in two‐tier femtocell networks. Particularly, to provide statistical delay guarantees, the effective capacity is employed as the network performance measure instead of the conventional Shannon capacity. To make the problem computationally efficient and numerically tractable, we decompose the problem into three subproblems, namely, cluster configuration subproblem, intra‐cluster subchannel allocation subproblem and inter‐cluster power control subproblem. Firstly, we develop a low‐complexity heuristic semi‐dynamic clustering scheme, where the delay of the channel state information feedback via backhaul is considered. We model such system in the framework of networked partial observation Markov decision process and derive a strategy to reduce the search range for the best cluster configuration. Then, for a given cluster configuration, the cluster heads deal with subchannel allocation and power control within each cluster. We propose a subchannel allocation scheme with proportional fairness. Thereafter, the inter‐cluster power control subproblem is modeled as a set of exact potential games, and a channel quality related pricing mechanism is presented to mitigate inter‐cluster interference. The existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibriums for the proposed game are investigated, and an effective decentralized algorithm with guaranteed convergence is designed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms not only have much lower computational complexity but also perform close to the exhaustive search solutions and other existing schemes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses, Structures, and Characteristics of Six Coordination Polymers Based on 1,4‐Bis(imidazol‐1‐yl)benzene and Isophthalates Containing Coordination‐Inert Substituents
Authors: Li Xiaoju , Su Yanqing , Li Xinxiong , Ma Guangchao , Ling Qidan
Published: June 2015

Hydrothermal reactions of 1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐yl)benzene (bimb) and either 5‐hydroxyisophthalic acid (HO‐H2ip) or 5‐methoxyisophthalic acid (MeO‐H2ip), as well as transition metal salts, gave rise to six new coordination polymers: [Zn2(bimb)(H2O)(HO‐ip)2]n (1), [Zn(bimb)(MeO‐ip)]n·(H2O)n (2), [Mn2(bimb)2(HO‐ip)2]n (3), [Mn2(bimb)2(H2O)2(MeO‐ip)2]n (4), [Cu2(bimb)2(MeO‐ip)2]n·(H2O)3n (5), and [Co(bimb)(H2O)(MeO‐ip)]n·(DMF)0.5n·(H2O)n (6). Their structures have been defined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, IR spectra, elemental analyses and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex 1 is a 2D coordination network consisting of μ‐oxygen‐bridged dinuclear ZnII units, whereas 2 is an interdigitating 2D layer. ZnII ions in 1 and 2 have a distorted tetrahedral geometry, and two independent HO‐ip and two bimb moieties in the dinuclear unit of 1 form π···π stacking interactions. Complexes 3 and 4 are 2D layers consisting of dinuclear MnII carboxylate units; bimb in an anti conformation serves as an exo‐bidentate ligand in 3, whereas in 4 it acts as a terminal ligand, filling void space. Bis‐monodentate MeO‐ip in 5 connects CuII ions into a 3D coordination network, whereas MeO‐ip in 6 bridges between two CoII ions to form a 2D layer, with the strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules of the adjacent 2D layers generating a 2D supramolecular bilayer. The dinuclear MnII units in 3 and 4 are well separated by organic ligands, and make up the basic magnetic units. Temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility analyses show the existence of antiferromagnetic interaction in 3 and 4.
A Keggin‐Type Structure Expanded by an Eight‐Membered Ring of Alternating Edge‐Sharing VO5 and VO6 Polyhedra: Solvothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Rasmussen Maren , Näther Christian , van Leusen Jan , Kögerler Paul , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: June 2015

The new tungstovanadate (trenH)2(trenH2)2[W4V13O44]·ca.11H2O was prepared under solvothermal conditions in a basic solution at pH ≈ 12. The cluster core contains VIV/VV centers with delocalized spins exhibiting strong antiferromagnetic exchange interactions as evidenced by temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements pointing to an S = 1/2 magnetic ground state. The structure features an eight‐membered ring composed of four alternating edge‐sharing VO5 pyramids and VO6 octahedra encapsulating a central Keggin fragment.
Determining the Electronic Structure of a Series of [(phen)3M]0 (M = Ti, V, Mo) and [(pdi)2M]n+ (M = Cr, Mo) Complexes: Coordination of Neutral Ligands vs. π‐Radical Anions
Authors: Wang Mei , Weyhermüller Thomas , Wieghardt Karl
Published: June 2015

The molecular and electronic structures of newly synthesized complexes containing 2,6‐bis[1‐(4‐methoxyphenylimino)ethyl]pyridine (pdi) ligands have been determined by high‐resolution X‐ray crystallography, electronic and electron‐spin resonance spectroscopy, and temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements: [MoIV(pdi··)(pdi2–)]0 (S = 0) 1, [MoIV(pdi2–)(pdi·)](BF4) (S = 1/2) 2, [CrIII(pdi··)(pdi·)]0 (S = 0) 3, [CrIII(pdi·)(pdi0)](BF4)2 (S = 1) 4, [MIII(Mephen·)3]0 (M = Cr 5, Mo 6, Ti 7, and V 8). Complexes 5–8 contain π‐radical anions of 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline. Monoanionic radicals (SL = 1/2) are designated (pdi·)1– and (Mephen·)1–, whereas their neutral analogues are (pdi0) and (Mephen0) and the dianions are (pdi··)2– (SL = 1) and (pdi2–)2– (SL = 0). We show here that the oxidation level of these ligands can be determined experimentally in complexes 1–8 by high‐quality single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography at low temperature (ca. 100 K).
CuI‐Mediated α‐Ketoacylation of Sulfoximines under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Zou Ya , Peng Zhihong , Dong Wanrong , An Delie
Published: June 2015

The first preparation of α‐ketoacyl sulfoximines under solvent‐free conditions using aryl ethanones and NH‐sulfoximines has been discovered and a series of desired 2‐oxo‐2‐arylacetyl sulfoximines were successfully synthesized in good to excellent yields (up to 93 %). The unprecedented protocol requires no extra solvents, bases, or additives and demonstrates outstanding compatibility with assorted functional groups (up to 27 examples). A plausible double catalytic cycle mechanism involving elemental iodine and copper is proposed; in‐situ generated aryl‐α‐iodo‐ethanone and a sulfoximine‐liganded‐CuII intermediate play important roles in C(sp3)–N coupling. The postulated mechanism is inspired by key experimental investigations detailed here.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfurative Carbocyclizations of α‐(3‐Butenoyl) Ketene Dithioacetals in the Presence of Silanes
Authors: Liu Bangyu , Chang Jian , Zheng Gang , Song Xiaoning , Wang Mang
Published: June 2015

A combination of palladium and silane has been well used for the catalytic desulfurative cross‐coupling reactions under neutral conditions. Catalyzed by 10 mol‐% of bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(II) dichloride in dimethylformamide in the presence of 2 equiv. of triphenylsilane, the carbocyclizations of α‐(3‐butenoyl) ketene dithioacetals took place smoothly leading to 2‐cyclopentenones in high yields. Thus, a new Heck‐type cyclization based on C–S bond cleavage for the synthesis of spiro compounds by using silanes as the desulfurative agents has been established.
Formal Dyotropic Rearrangements in Organometallic Transformations
Authors: Croisant Michael F. , Van Hoveln Ryan , Schomaker Jennifer M.
Published: June 2015

A thorough understanding of the mechanistic steps that occur in organometallic processes is crucial to the development of new, increasingly sophisticated transformations. This microreview discusses an unusual class of organometallic reactions that occur through formal Type I dyotropic rearrangements, defined as processes involving the interchange of two groups along a stationary scaffold by breaking and reforming two σ bonds in which at least one σ bond is a M–X bond. Examples are subdivided into two categories – stoichiometric and catalytic – and further classified by the number of atoms across which the migrating groups interchange positions. The metal can either serve as the migrating group or function as part of the stationary scaffold. Furthermore, these rearrangements can proceed through a wide variety of different mechanisms that include oxidative insertion/reductive elimination, radical processes, or pathways in which the metal does not change oxidation state.
Synthesis of Polycycles by Single or Double Domino Nucleophilic Substitution/Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Camps Pelayo , Lozano David , Font‐Bardia Mercè
Published: June 2015

New hexacyclo and octacyclo compounds have been synthesized by a short route whose key step consists of a single or double domino nucleophilic substitution of neopentyl‐type iodides with potassium cyclopentadienide, followed by intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition.
The contribution of pharmaceutically active compounds from healthcare facilities to a receiving sewage treatment plant in Canada
Authors: Kleywegt Sonya , Pileggi Vince , Lam Yuet Ming , Elises Alan , Puddicomb Aaron , Purba Gurminder , Di Caro Joanne , Fletcher Tim
Published: June 2015

Concentrations and percent loadings of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and other emerging contaminants released from healthcare facilities (2 hospitals and a long-term care facility) to a sewage treatment plant (STP) in a large urban sewershed were evaluated. An additional hospital outside the sewershed was also monitored. Fourteen of the 24 steroids/hormones and 88 of the 117 PhACs and emerging contaminants were detected at least once. Commonly used substances, including cotinine, caffeine and its metabolite 1,7-dimethylxanthine, ibuprofen and naproxen (analgesics), venlafaxine (antidepressant), and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (insect repellant), were detected in all samples at all sites. Concentrations detected in the large specialty hospital outside the sewershed were similar to those within the sewershed. Cytotoxic drugs (tamoxifen and cyclophosphamide) and x-ray contrast media (iopamidol and diatrizoic acid) were infrequently detected in hospital effluents. Analysis for antibiotics indicated that azithromycin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, ofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole were consistently detected in hospital wastewaters, as was triclosan (antibacterial agent). Fifteen compounds individually contributed greater than 1% to the total PhAC and emerging contaminant load to the STP from the 2 hospitals in the sewershed, and 9 compounds in the STP effluent exceeded ecotoxicological criteria. The present survey demonstrates that point source discharges from healthcare facilities in this sewershed make a small contribution to the overall PhAC and emerging contaminant loading compared with the total concentrations entering the receiving STP. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:850–862. © 2015 SETAC
Location Indices for Ordinal Polytomous Items Based on Item Response Theory
Authors: Ali Usama S. , Chang Hua‐Hua , Anderson Carolyn J.
Published: June 2015

Polytomous items are typically described by multiple category‐related parameters; situations, however, arise in which a single index is needed to describe an item's location along a latent trait continuum. Situations in which a single index would be needed include item selection in computerized adaptive testing or test assembly. Therefore single location indices for ordinal polytomous items are proposed and studied. The proposed location indices (LIs) for polytomous items are mathematically derived based on the item category response functions (ICRFs) and item response function (IRF) for polytomous items. The ICRF approach resulted in three indices: LImean, LItrimmed mean, and LImedian, and the IRF approach resulted in one proposed index, LIIRF. An empirical example of real items is presented to help comprehension of the new location indices. Possible testing applications where the proposed item location indices are useful are discussed.
The Geoarchaeology of Utica, Tunisia: The Paleogeography of the Mejerda Delta and Hypotheses Concerning the Location of the Ancient Harbor
Authors: Delile Hugo , Abichou Abdelhakim , Gadhoum Ahmed , Goiran Jean‐Philippe , Pleuger Elisa , Monchambert Jean‐Yves , Wilson Andrew , Fentress Elizabeth , Quinn Josephine , Ben Jerbania Imed , Ghozzi Faouzi
Published: June 2015

Although the ancient site of Utica has been studied since the 19th century, the location of its harbors remains unresolved as they were buried under sediments as the Mejerda delta prograded and left Utica 10 km inland. Using relief data and a coring survey with sedimentological analysis, we identify the dynamics of the delta's progradation, which produced a double system of alluvial fans. These show that the ancient bay of Utica silted up faster and earlier than was thought, probably before the end of the Punic period. Combined with the radiocarbon dates from coring, this suggests that the harbor lay on the north‐western side of the Utica promontory, communicating with the sea by a marine corridor west of the northern compartment of the delta. As the infilling of the ancient bay progressed, this corridor narrowed until it disappeared completely in the early 5th/mid‐6th century A.D., when a peat bog developed on the northern side of the promontory, sealing the fate of Utica as a port. This relative environmental stability ended in the 9th–10th century A.D. when about 4 m of sediment, probably of fluvial origin, covered the peat bog, leaving the site more than 4.5 m above the local sea level.
Disrupted brain network topology in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: A resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Suo Xueling , Lei Du , Li Kaiming , Chen Fuqin , Li Fei , Li Lei , Huang Xiaoqi , Lui Su , Li Lingjiang , Kemp Graham J. , Gong Qiyong
Published: June 2015

Children exposed to natural disasters are vulnerable to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent studies of other neuropsychiatric disorders have used graph‐based theoretical analysis to investigate the topological properties of the functional brain connectome. However, little is known about this connectome in pediatric PTSD. Twenty‐eight pediatric PTSD patients and 26 trauma‐exposed non‐PTSD patients were recruited from 4,200 screened subjects after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake to undergo a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Functional connectivity between 90 brain regions from the automated anatomical labeling atlas was established using partial correlation coefficients, and the whole‐brain functional connectome was constructed by applying a threshold to the resultant 90 * 90 partial correlation matrix. Graph theory analysis was then used to examine the group‐specific topological properties of the two functional connectomes. Both the PTSD and non‐PTSD control groups exhibited “small‐world” brain network topology. However, the functional connectome of the PTSD group showed a significant increase in the clustering coefficient and a normalized characteristic path length and local efficiency, suggesting a shift toward regular networks. Furthermore, the PTSD connectomes showed both enhanced nodal centralities, mainly in the default mode‐ and salience‐related regions, and reduced nodal centralities, mainly in the central‐executive network regions. The clustering coefficient and nodal efficiency of the left superior frontal gyrus were positively correlated with the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale. These disrupted topological properties of the functional connectome help to clarify the pathogenesis of pediatric PTSD and could be potential biomarkers of brain abnormalities. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3677–3686, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Individual Performance in Turbulent Environments: The Role of Organizational Learning Capability and Employee Flexibility
Authors: Camps Joaquín , Oltra Víctor , Aldás‐Manzano Joaquín , Buenaventura‐Vera Guillermo , Torres‐Carballo Federico
Published: June 2015

Organizational learning capability (OLC) and employee flexibility help firms navigate the challenges faced by organizations operating in turbulent environments.OLCincludes dimensions such as experimentation, risk taking, openness, dialogue, and participative decision making. Employee flexibility is considered a crucial tool for strategic human resource management in tackling environmental turbulence. Accordingly, we pose the following research question: how, and to what extent, is individual performance enhanced byOLCand employee flexibility in turbulent environments? The major impact that environmental turbulence has on change and flexibility requirements suggests that employee flexibility plays an important role in the impactOLChas on individual performance. However, we found no prior studies that explicitly analyzed this mediating function of employee flexibility. In this study, we tested three hypotheses that linkOLCand individual performance,OLCand employee flexibility, and employee flexibility and individual performance. We applied a structural equation methodology, using partial least squares path modeling, to a sample of 174 academics at a Latin American university (a highly turbulent context). Our results show employee flexibility fully mediates the relation betweenOLCand individual performance given the presence of environmental turbulence. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The morphology of the pineal gland of the yellow‐toothed cavy (Galea Spixii Wagler, 1831) and red‐rumped agouti (Dasyprocta leporina linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Câmara Felipe Venceslau , Guimarães Lopes Igor Renno , Benevides de Oliveira Gleidson , Fernandes Bezerra Ferdinando Vinicius , Matias de Oliveira Radan Elvis , Oliveira Júnior Carlos Magno , Rodrigues Silva Alexandre , de Oliveira Moacir Franco
Published: June 2015

The pineal gland is an endocrine gland found in all mammals. This article describes the morphology of this important gland in two species of Caviideae, namely the yellow‐toothed cavy and the red‐rumped agouti. Ten adult animals of the two species used in current analysis were retrieved from the Center for the Multiplication of Wild Animals (CEMAS/UFERSA) and euthanized. The glands were removed and photographed in situ and ex situ. They were fixed in a paraformaldehyde solution 4% or glutaraldehyde 2.5% solution and submitted to routine histological techniques respectively for light and scanning electron microscopy. Macroscopically, the pineal gland with its elongated structure may be found between the cerebral hemispheres facing the rostral colliculi. Microscopically, pinealocytes and some glia cells were predominant. Contrastingly, to the cavy's pineal gland, a capsule covered the organ in the agouti, with the emission of incomplete septa to the interior, which divided it into two lobules. Light and scanning electron microscopes failed to show calcareous concretions in the pineal gland. Based on the topography of the cavy's and agouti's pineal gland, it may be classified as supra‐callosum and ABC type. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:660–666, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and microstructure of tooth histotypes in the blue shark, Prionace glauca (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) and the great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias (Lamniformes: Lamnidae)
Authors: Moyer Joshua K. , Riccio Mark L. , Bemis William E.
Published: June 2015

Cover illustration. Teeth of the blue shark Prionace glauca and the great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias represent two extremes in elasmobranch tooth structure that have been known since Agassiz (1833–1843) and Owen (1840–1845), specifically, the presence or absence of a pulp cavity in fully formed teeth. In this issue of the Journal of Morphology, Moyer et al. (pp. 797‐817) present a detailed study using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and high‐resolution micro‐computed tomography to compare the structure and development of elasmobranch teeth representing these two histotypes. They discuss a possible correlation between tooth histotype and tooth replacement and review the history of histotype differentiation in sharks thereby dissolving some long held misinterpretations.
Three infants with rotavirus gastroenteritis complicated by severe gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Kawamura Yoshiki , Miura Hiroki , Mori Yuji , Sugata Ken , Nakajima Yoichi , Yamamoto Yasuto , Morooka Masashi , Tsuge Ikuya , Yoshikawa Akiko , Taniguchi Koki , Yoshikawa Tetsushi
Published: June 2015

Rotavirus gastroenteritis causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide in children. We report three infants with rotavirus gastroenteritis complicated by various severity of gastrointestinal bleeding. Two patients (cases 1 and 2) recovered completely without any specific treatments. One patient (case 3) died despite extensive treatments including a red blood cell transfusion and endoscopic hemostatic therapy. Rotavirus genotypes G1P[8] and G9P[8] were detected in cases 2 and 3, respectively. Rotavirus antigenemia levels were not high at the onset of melena, suggesting that systemic rotaviral infection does not play an important role in causing melena. J. Med. Virol. 88:171–174, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pedicled chimeric gastrocnemius—medial sural artery adipofascial flap for reconstruction of anterolateral defects of the knee
Authors: Cho Young Joo , Lee Jae Hoon , Chung Duke Whan
Published: June 2015

A medial gastrocnemius muscle flap is useful for soft tissue reconstruction of the knee and proximal tibia but insufficient to cover defects involving the lateral aspect of the knee. The purpose of this report is to present the results of the use of a pedicled chimeric gastrocnemius—medial sural artery adipofascial flap for reconstruction of defects of the knee and lateral aspect of the knee. Six patients underwent soft tissue reconstruction of the knee by means of the described procedure. Patients included one female and five males. The mean age of the patients was 48 years. The cause of soft tissue defects was open fractures in three cases and infection in three cases. The mean size of soft tissue defects was 9.3 × 7 cm (range: 6 × 3 to 18 × 14 cm), and the mean size of adipofascial components was 6.8 × 3.8 cm (range: 6 × 3 to 10 × 6 cm). Medial knee defects were covered by the medial gastrocnemius muscle component and lateral knee defects were covered by the medial sural artery adipofascial component. All flaps survived in the six cases. Soft tissue reconstruction and infection control were successful without any additional surgical procedures. A pedicled chimeric gastrocnemius–medial sural artery adipofascial flap may be considered effective for soft tissue reconstruction of the knee as it reduces scars at the donor site and reconstructs the lateral knee defects not covered by the medial gastrocnemius muscle flap. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:206–211, 2017.