bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMANCIPATION IN THE INDUSTRIAL AGE: TECHNOLOGY, RATIONALITY, AND THE COLD WAR IN HABERMAS’S EARLY EPISTEMOLOGY AND SOCIAL THEORY
Authors: VOSKUHL ADELHEID
Published: December 2014

In his 1968 essay “Technology and Science as ‘Ideology’,” Jürgen Habermas deals more explicitly than in other works with phenomena related to modern technology and science.1He is well known for his social theory, legal theory, and theories of subjectivity and intersubjectivity, and has been a major figure in the intellectual history of modern Europe due to the twin role he has played as both a voice and a representative of the political and philosophical movements of postwar and post-Holocaust West Germany. Exploring the role of technology in his thinking brings into focus technology's ambiguous status in critical social theory as well as the general relationship between intellectual history and the history of technology. The disturbingly open-ended question whether technology is modernity's blessing or its curse has mobilized critics and commentators at least since the Industrial Revolution and has divided them at political, epistemic, and moral levels. Habermas's project sits in the middle of such traditions, and his 1968 essay “updates” long-standing concerns about industrial modernity for the specific technological, philosophical, and political conditions of the early Cold War. Intersections between technology and his signature fields—intersections that he has both forged and contributed to—are found in political theories of technology and democracy (in the forms, for example, of technocracy and technological determinism), epistemologies of scientific knowledge and their relevance for theories of the reasonable subject and of knowledge communities, and theories of secularization and modern state-building.2
Excess mortality from mental, neurological and substance use disorders in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Authors: Charlson F. J. , Baxter A. J. , Dua T. , Degenhardt L. , Whiteford H. A. , Vos T.
Published: December 2014

Aims.

Mortality-associated burden of disease estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 (GBD 2010) may erroneously lead to the interpretation that premature death in people with mental, neurological and substance use disorders (MNSDs) is inconsequential when evidence shows that people with MNSDs experience a significant reduction in life expectancy. We explore differences between cause-specific and excess mortality of MNSDs estimated by GBD 2010.

Methods.

GBD 2010 cause-specific death estimates were produced using the International Classification of Diseases death-coding system. Excess mortality (all-cause) was estimated using natural history models. Additional mortality attributed to MNSDs as underlying causes but not captured through GBD 2010 methodology is quantified in the comparative risk assessments.

Results.

In GBD 2010, MNSDs were estimated to be directly responsible for 840 000 deaths compared with more than 13 million excess deaths using natural history models.

Conclusions.

Numbers of excess deaths and attributable deaths clearly demonstrate the high degree of mortality associated with these disorders. There is substantial evidence pointing to potential causal pathways for this premature mortality with evidence-based interventions available to address this mortality. The life expectancy gap between persons with MNSDs and the general population is high and should be a focus for health systems reform.
The structural basis for receptor recognition of human interleukin-18
Authors: Tsutsumi Naotaka , Kimura Takeshi , Arita Kyohei , Ariyoshi Mariko , Ohnishi Hidenori , Yamamoto Takahiro , Zuo Xiaobing , Maenaka Katsumi , Park Enoch Y. , Kondo Naomi , Shirakawa Masahiro , Tochio Hidehito , Kato Zenichiro
Published: December 2014

Interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family and plays an important role in inflammation. The uncontrolled release of this cytokine is associated with severe chronic inflammatory disease. IL-18 forms a signalling complex with the IL-18 receptor α (Rα) and β (Rβ) chains at the plasma membrane, which induces multiple inflammatory cytokines. Here, we present a crystal structure of human IL-18 bound to the two receptor extracellular domains. Generally, the receptors’ recognition mode for IL-18 is similar to IL-1β; however, certain notable differences were observed. The architecture of the IL-18 receptor second domain (D2) is unique among the other IL-1R family members, which presumably distinguishes them from the IL-1 receptors that exhibit a more promiscuous ligand recognition mode. The structures and associated biochemical and cellular data should aid in developing novel drugs to neutralize IL-18 activity.
Impact of oceanic-scale interactions on the seasonal modulation of ocean dynamics by the atmosphere
Authors: Sasaki Hideharu , Klein Patrice , Qiu Bo , Sasai Yoshikazu
Published: December 2014

Ocean eddies (with a size of 100–300 km), ubiquitous in satellite observations, are known to represent about 80% of the total ocean kinetic energy. Recent studies have pointed out the unexpected role of smaller oceanic structures (with 1–50 km scales) in generating and sustaining these eddies. The interpretation proposed so far invokes the internal instability resulting from the large-scale interaction between upper and interior oceanic layers. Here we show, using a new high-resolution simulation of the realistic North Pacific Ocean, that ocean eddies are instead sustained by a different process that involves small-scale mixed-layer instabilities set up by large-scale atmospheric forcing in winter. This leads to a seasonal evolution of the eddy kinetic energy in a very large part of this ocean, with an amplitude varying by a factor almost equal to 2. Perspectives in terms of the impacts on climate dynamics and future satellite observational systems are briefly discussed.
Atomic electric fields revealed by a quantum mechanical approach to electron picodiffraction
Authors: Müller Knut , Krause Florian F. , Béché Armand , Schowalter Marco , Galioit Vincent , Löffler Stefan , Verbeeck Johan , Zweck Josef , Schattschneider Peter , Rosenauer Andreas
Published: December 2014

By focusing electrons on probes with a diameter of 50 pm, aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is currently crossing the border to probing subatomic details. A major challenge is the measurement of atomic electric fields using differential phase contrast (DPC) microscopy, traditionally exploiting the concept of a field-induced shift of diffraction patterns. Here we present a simplified quantum theoretical interpretation of DPC. This enables us to calculate the momentum transferred to the STEM probe from diffracted intensities recorded on a pixel array instead of conventional segmented bright-field detectors. The methodical development yielding atomic electric field, charge and electron density is performed using simulations for binary GaN as an ideal model system. We then present a detailed experimental study of SrTiO3 yielding atomic electric fields, validated by comprehensive simulations. With this interpretation and upgraded instrumentation, STEM is capable of quantifying atomic electric fields and high-contrast imaging of light atoms.
Serotonergic neurons respond to nutrients and regulate the timing of steroid hormone biosynthesis in Drosophila
Authors: Shimada-Niwa Yuko , Niwa Ryusuke
Published: December 2014

The temporal transition of development is flexibly coordinated in the context of the nutrient environment, and this coordination is essential for organisms to increase their survival fitness and reproductive success. Steroid hormone, a key player of the juvenile-to-adult transition, is biosynthesized in a nutrient-dependent manner; however, the underlying genetic mechanism remains unclear. Here we report that the biosynthesis of insect steroid hormone, ecdysteroid, is regulated by a subset of serotonergic neurons in Drosophila melanogaster. These neurons directly innervate the prothoracic gland (PG), an ecdysteroid-producing organ and share tracts with the stomatogastric nervous system. Interestingly, the projecting neurites morphologically respond to nutrient conditions. Moreover, reduced activity of the PG-innervating neurons or of serotonin signalling in the PG strongly correlates with a delayed developmental transition. Our results suggest that serotonergic neurons form a link between the external environment and the internal endocrine system by adaptively tuning the timing of steroid hormone biosynthesis.
Direct evidence for BBSome-associated intraflagellar transport reveals distinct properties of native mammalian cilia
Authors: Williams Corey L. , McIntyre Jeremy C. , Norris Stephen R. , Jenkins Paul M. , Zhang Lian , Pei Qinglin , Verhey Kristen , Martens Jeffrey R.
Published: December 2014

Cilia dysfunction underlies a class of human diseases with variable penetrance in different organ systems. Across eukaryotes, intraflagellar transport (IFT) facilitates cilia biogenesis and cargo trafficking, but our understanding of mammalian IFT is insufficient. Here we perform live analysis of cilia ultrastructure, composition and cargo transport in native mammalian tissue using olfactory sensory neurons. Proximal and distal axonemes of these neurons show no bias towards IFT kinesin-2 choice, and Kif17 homodimer is dispensable for distal segment IFT. We identify Bardet–Biedl syndrome proteins (BBSome) as bona fide constituents of IFT in olfactory sensory neurons, and show that they exist in 1:1 stoichiometry with IFT particles. Conversely, subpopulations of peripheral membrane proteins, as well as transmembrane olfactory signalling pathway components, are capable of IFT but with significantly less frequency and/or duration. Our results yield a model for IFT and cargo trafficking in native mammalian cilia and may explain the penetrance of specific ciliopathy phenotypes in olfactory neurons.
Eggshell membrane ameliorates hepatic fibrogenesis in human C3A cells and rats through changes in PPARγ-Endothelin 1 signaling
Authors: Jia Huijuan , Aw Wanping , Saito Kenji , Hanate Manaka , Hasebe Yukio , Kato Hisanori
Published: December 2014

Our previous nutrigenomic findings indicate that eggshell membrane (ESM) may prevent liver fibrosis. Here we investigated the effects and mechanisms underlying ESM intervention against liver injury by using DNA microarray analysis and comparative proteomics. In vitro hydrolyzed ESM attenuated the TGFβ1-induced procollagen production of human hepatocyte C3A cells and inhibited the expression of Endothelin 1 (EDN1) and its two receptors and extracellular matrix components. In vivo male Wistar rats were allocated into a normal control group, a CCl4 group (hypodermic injection of 50% CCl4 2×/wk) and an ESM group (20 g ESM/kg diet with CCl4 injection) for 7 wks. Dietary ESM ameliorated the elevated activity of ALT/AST, oxidative stress and collagen accumulation in liver, accompanied by the down-regulated expression of Edn1 signaling and notable profibrogenic genes and growth factors as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Concomitantly, the decreased expressions of Galectin-1 and Desmin protein in the ESM group indicated the deactivation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Through a multifaceted integrated omics approach, we have demonstrated that ESM can exert an antifibrotic effect by suppressing oxidative stress and promoting collagen degradation by inhibiting HSCs' transformation, potentially via a novel modulation of the PPARγ-Endothelin 1 interaction signaling pathway.
Inhibition of pathogenic non-enveloped viruses by 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol
Authors: Civra Andrea , Cagno Valeria , Donalisio Manuela , Biasi Fiorella , Leonarduzzi Gabriella , Poli Giuseppe , Lembo David
Published: December 2014

Recent studies reported a broad but selective antiviral activity of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) against enveloped viruses, being apparently inactive against non-enveloped viruses. Here we show that 25HC is endowed with a marked antiviral activity against three pathogenic non-enveloped viruses, i.e. human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16), human rotavirus (HRoV) and human rhinovirus (HRhV), thus significantly expanding its broad antiviral spectrum, so far recognized to be limited to viruses with envelope. Moreover, here we disclose the remarkable antiviral activity of another oxysterol of physiological origin, i.e. 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), against HPV-16, HRoV and HRhV. We have also identified a much weaker antiviral activity of other oxysterols of pathophysiological relevance, i.e 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol. These findings suggest that appropriate modulation of endogenous production of oxysterols might be a primary host strategy to counteract a broad panel of viral infections. Moreover, 25HC and 27HC could be considered for new therapeutic strategies against HPV-16, HRoV and HRhV.
A colorimetric nitrite detection system with excellent selectivity and high sensitivity based on Ag@Au nanoparticles
Authors: Li Tianhua , Li Yonglong , Zhang Yujie , Dong Chen , Shen Zheyu , Wu Aiguo
Published: December 2014

NO2− could be directly detected with high sensitivity and excellent selectivity by visualizing the color change of a dispersion of Ag@AuNPs with the unaided eye.
Flow-through polymerase chain reaction inside a seamless 3D helical microreactor fabricated utilizing a silicone tube and a paraffin mold
Authors: Wu Wenming , Trinh Kieu The Loan , Lee Nae Yoon
Published: December 2014

Seamless 3D helical silicone tube microreactors were fabricated for performing flow-through PCR employing a single hot plate and a portable micropump.
Characterization of ion processes in a GC/DMS air quality monitor by integration of the instrument to a mass spectrometer
Authors: Limero T. F. , Nazarov E. G. , Menlyadiev M. , Eiceman G. A.
Published: December 2014

A new analytical instrument provides enhanced identification of mixture components at trace concentrations through three-dimensional characterization of each discrete peak.
Screening and mapping of pigments in paintings using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)
Authors: Doménech-Carbó Antonio , Doménech-Carbó María Teresa , Silva Miguel , Valle-Algarra Francisco Manuel , Gimeno-Adelantado José Vicente , Bosch-Reig Francisco , Mateo-Castro Rufino
Published: December 2014

The use of the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique for identifying and mapping of both organic and inorganic pigments in sub-microsamples from pictorial specimens is described.
Gold-nanoparticle, functionalized-porous-polymer monolith enclosed in capillary for on-column SERS detection
Authors: Pan Yingcheng , Wang Xuan , Zhang Han , Kang Yan , Wu Ting , Du Yiping
Published: December 2014

Gold nanoparticles functionalized porous polymer monoliths were developed via on-site synthesis method and enclosed in silica capillary as sensitive, uniform, and stable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates.
Hollow fiber supported liquid membrane coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for highly sensitive determination of bisphenols in environmental water samples
Authors: Dong Li-Jie , Tan Zhi-Qiang , Chen Ming , Liu Jing-Fu
Published: December 2014

Hollow fiber supported liquid membrane (HFSLM) extraction provides a high enrichment factor and easy sample clean-up for bisphenols in environmental waters.
A low-cost forward and reverse blood typing device—a blood sample is all you need to perform an assay
Authors: Li Miaosi , Tian Junfei , Cao Rong , Guan Liyun , Shen Wei
Published: December 2014

A user-friendly device is designed to perform forward and reverse blood typing assays within one minute but without the buffer-activation or buffer-washing of the sensor.
Monitoring clinical levels of heparin in human blood samples with an indicator-displacement assay
Authors: Francoia Jean-Patrick , Pascal Robert , Vial Laurent
Published: December 2014

Herein, we report a simple assay – involving the displacement of a new designed dye from a dendrigraft surface – that allows for the first time the turn-ON fluorescent detection and quantification of heparin in human blood at clinically relevant levels.
Highly lithium-ion conductive battery separators from thermally rearranged polybenzoxazole
Authors: Lee Moon Joo , Kim Ji Hoon , Lim Hyung-Seok , Lee So Young , Yu Hyung Kyun , Kim Jong Hun , Lee Joo Sung , Sun Yang-Kook , Guiver Michael D. , Suh Kyung Do , Lee Young Moo
Published: December 2014

Lithium ion battery separators were fabricated for the first time from thermally rearranged poly(benzoxazole-co-imide) (TR-PBOI) nanofibrous membranes coated with TR-PBO nanoparticles.
Heterologous expression of highly reducing polyketide synthase involved in betaenone biosynthesis
Authors: Ugai Takahiro , Minami Atsushi , Fujii Ryuya , Tanaka Mizuki , Oguri Hiroki , Gomi Katsuya , Oikawa Hideaki
Published: December 2014

Heterologous expression of highly reducing polyketide synthase and trans-acting enoyl reductase provides insights into the skeletal construction of betaenones.
Correction: Aromatic sulfonate anion-induced pseudorotaxanes: environmentally benign synthesis, selectivity, and structural characterization
Authors: Gong Han-Yuan , Tang Feng , Rambo Brett M. , Cao Rui , Xiang Jun-Feng , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: December 2014

Correction for ‘Aromatic sulfonate anion-induced pseudorotaxanes: environmentally benign synthesis, selectivity, and structural characterization’ by Han-Yuan Gong et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08284b.
Molecular containers
Authors: Ballester Pablo , Fujita Makoto , Rebek Julius
Published: December 2014

Guest editors Pablo Ballester, Makoto Fujita and Julius Rebek, Jr. introduce the Molecular Containers issue of Chemical Society Reviews.
Rapid degradation of oxidation resistant nitrophenols by TAML activator and H2O2
Authors: Kundu Soumen , Chanda Arani , Thompson Jasper V. K. , Diabes George , Khetan Sushil K. , Ryabov Alexander D. , Collins Terrence J.
Published: December 2014

TAML and H2O2remove toxic nitrophenol pollutants producing innocuous minerals. Mechanistic studies reveal the substrate inhibition due to the reversible binding of nitrophenolate to iron(iii) of the TAML resting state.
Fixed distance photoinduced electron transfer between Fe and Zn porphyrins encapsulated within the Zn HKUST-1 metal organic framework
Authors: Larsen Randy W. , Wojtas Lukasz
Published: December 2014

An attractive strategy for the development of photocatalytic metal organic framework (MOF) materials is to co-encapsulate a photoactive electron donor with a catalytic electron acceptor within the MOF.
Dielectrophoretically controlled Fresnel zone plate
Authors: Chrimes A. F. , Khodasevych I. , Mitchell A. , Rosengarten G. , Kalantar-zadeh K.
Published: December 2014

We present a novel switchable Fresnel zone plate, created using nanoparticle suspensions which are controlled by dielectrophoresis.
A high-power ultrasonic microreactor and its application in gas–liquid mass transfer intensification
Authors: Dong Zhengya , Yao Chaoqun , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Jie , Chen Guangwen , Zhao Yuchao , Yuan Quan
Published: December 2014

A robust high-power ultrasonic microreactor vibrating as a half wavelength resonator was designed and applied to intensify gas-liquid mass transfer of slug flow. Surface wave oscillation of the bubbles was excited, enhancing the overall mass transfer coefficient by 3.3–5.7 times
Facile synthesis of ZnFe2O4 with inflorescence spicate architecture as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries with outstanding performance
Authors: Hou Xianhua , Wang Xinyu , Yao Lingmin , Hu Shejun , Wu Yuping , Liu Xiang
Published: December 2014

Inflorescence spicate ZnFe2O4 with outstanding electrochemical performance has been synthesized using a simple method based on precipitation.
On-chip read-out of picomechanical motion under ambient conditions
Authors: Putrino Gino , Martyniuk Mariusz , Keating Adrian , Faraone Lorenzo , Dell John
Published: December 2014

A novel method for monitoring the nanomechanical movement of suspended cantilever structures which has great potential for use in applications ranging from biological/chemical sensing to atomic force microscopy.
Ionic liquid-modulated preparation of hexagonal tungsten trioxide mesocrystals for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Duan Xiaochuan , Xiao Songhua , Wang Lingling , Huang Hui , Liu Yuan , Li Qiuhong , Wang Taihong
Published: December 2014

Hexagonal tungsten trioxide (h-WO3) mesocrystals with biconical morphology were prepared by a facile ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal route, and were further investigated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Synthesis and photophysical and supramolecular study of π-conjugated (diethylene glycol methyl ether) benzoateethynylene oligomers and polymers
Authors: Meza D. , Arias E. , Moggio I. , Romero J. , Mata J. M. , Jiménez-Barrera R. M. , Ziolo R. F. , Rodríguez O. , Ottonelli M.
Published: December 2014

The strong π–π interaction that governs (diethylene glycol methyl ether) benzoateethynylene macromolecules was evidenced by X-ray scattering and HRTEM.
A 2-D coordination polymer incorporating cobalt(ii), 2-sulfoterephthalate and the flexible bridging ligand 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane
Authors: Datta Amitabha , Das Kuheli , Massera Chiara , Clegg Jack K. , Pfrunder Michael C. , Garribba Eugenio , Huang Jui-Hsien , Sinha Chittaranjan , Maji Tapas Kumar , Akitsu Takashiro , Orita Shingo
Published: December 2014

A robust 2-D coordination polymer that maintains its single-crystallinity upon desolvation is reported.
A highly sensitive method for simultaneous determination of the quaternary ammonium pesticides chlormequat and mepiquat in pears and potatoes by modified QuEChERS-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Gao Jieying , Wang Jian , Zuo Ming , Ma Li , Cui Yue , Yang Ting , Ding Min
Published: December 2014

A highly sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of the quaternary ammonium pesticides chlormequat (CQ) and mepiquat (MQ) in pears and potatoes was developed and fully validated.
Rapid construction of TiO2 aggregates using microwave assisted synthesis and its application for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Wang Xuyang , Tian Jianjun , Fei Chengbin , Lv Lili , Wang Yajie , Cao Guozhong
Published: December 2014

Hierarchical TiO2 nanocrystallite aggregates are obtained by microwave synthesis in a few minutes, and they show high light scattering and larger surface area as well as improve the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells.
Valeriadimers A–C, three sesquiterpenoid dimers from valeriana officinalis var. latifolia
Authors: Han Zhu-zhen , Ye Ji , Liu Qing-Xin , Shen Yun-heng , Yue Rong-Cai , Li Hui-Liang , Zhang Wei-Dong
Published: December 2014

Three new sesquiterpenoid dimers valeriadimers A–C (1–3) were isolated from Valeriana officinalis var. latifolia. The absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were unambiguously established by Cu-Kα X-ray crystallographic analyses.
Effect of methoxy group instead of polar group in the nematic phase of four-ring bent-core liquid crystals
Authors: Nafees Amina , Kalita Gayatri , Paul Manoj Kumar , Sinha Aloka , Rao Nandiraju V. S.
Published: December 2014

Two achiral four-ring bent-core liquid crystals are investigated by using the optical polarizing microscope, electro-optical studies, and dielectric spectroscopy.
Preparation of inclusion complex of perfluorocarbon compound with β-cyclodextrin for ultrasound contrast agent
Authors: Yao Yanjie , Liu Xunwei , Liu Tian , Zhou Juan , Zhu Jun , Sun Gang , He Dannong
Published: December 2014

A novel FC-77/β-CD inclusion complex was prepared and used as a ultrasound imaging contract to enhance the ultrasonic echo signal.
Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that DNA bases using graphene nanopores can be identified by their translocation times
Authors: Shi Changchun , Kong Zhe , Sun Tianyang , Liang Lijun , Shen Jiawei , Zhao Zhengyan , Wang Qi , Kang Zhengzhong , Ågren Hans , Tu Yaoquan
Published: December 2014

A, T, C, and G could be identified by translocation time using a 2 nm graphene nanopore under a low electric field .
Role of ionic liquid [BMIMPF6] in modifying the crystallization kinetics behavior of the polymer electrolyte PEO-LiClO4
Authors: Chaurasia S. K. , Shalu Shalu , Gupta A. K. , Verma Y. L. , Singh V. K. , Tripathi A. K. , Saroj A. L. , Singh R. K.
Published: December 2014

We report the modification in crystallization kinetics behavior of PEO + 10 wt% LiClO4polymer electrolyte by the addition of an ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6).
A novel tin-based imidazolium-modified montmorillonite catalyst for the preparation of poly(butylene terephthalate)-based nanocomposites using in situ entropically-driven ring-opening polymerization
Authors: Conzatti Lucia , Utzeri Roberto , Hodge Philip , Stagnaro Paola
Published: December 2014

A novel alkylimidazolium salt incorporating a 2,2-di-n-butyl[1,3,2]dioxastannolane moiety was synthesized and characterized.
One-step synthesis of aluminum magnesium oxide nanocomposites for simultaneous removal of arsenic and lead ions in water
Authors: Xiao Feng , Fang Liping , Li Wentao , Wang Dongsheng
Published: December 2014

Aluminum magnesium oxide nanocomposites were prepared using a one-step microwave assisted solvothermal method, and showed high adsorption capacities for the removal of both As(v) and Pb(ii) ions in water.
Metal-free radical perfluoroalkylation of (hetero)arenes
Authors: Zhong Sabilla , Hafner Andreas , Hussal Christoph , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan
Published: December 2014

We report a metal-free radical perfluoroalkylation method which uses inexpensive and commercially available perfluorocarboxylic anhydrides as an easy to use source of perfluoroalkyl radicals.
Flexible and ultralong-life cuprous oxide microsphere-nanosheets with superior pseudocapacitive properties
Authors: Dong Chaoqun , Bai Qingguo , Cheng Guanhua , Zhao Bingge , Wang Hao , Gao Yulai , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: December 2014

A facile electrochemical two-step strategy was adopted to fabricate Cu2O microsphere-nanosheets on flexible Cu foil with superior pseudocapacitive properties.
Cathepsin B-sensitive cholesteryl hemisuccinate–gemcitabine prodrug nanoparticles: enhanced cellular uptake and intracellular drug controlled release
Authors: Xu Yanyun , Geng Jianqi , An Ping , Xu Yan , Huang Jin , Lu Wei , Liu Shiyuan , Yu Jiahui
Published: December 2014

Cholesteryl hemisuccinate–gemcitabine prodrug: enhanced cellular uptake and intracellular drug controlled release.
Unexpected and powerful effect of chlorobenzene in direct palladium-catalyzed cascade Sonogashira–hydroarylation reaction
Authors: Yu Bo , Xu Wei , Sun Huaming , Yu Binxun , Zhang Guofang , Xu Li-Wen , Zhang Weiqiang , Gao Ziwei
Published: December 2014

A ubiquitous accelerating effect of chlorobenzene (PhCl) was observed unexpectedly in the Pd-catalyzed cascade Sonogashira–hydroarylation reaction.
Bi(OTf)3-catalyzed C–H bond functionalization of azaarenes for the facile access to oxindoles featuring quaternary carbon centers
Authors: Lu Beili , Lu Qilin , Zhuang Senyang , Cheng Jiajia , Huang Biao
Published: December 2014

Bi(OTf)3-catalyzed sp3 C–H functionalization of 2-alkyl azaarenes to isatylidene malononitriles has been achieved to give oxindoles containing an all-carbon quaternary center.
Synthesis and photophysical properties of amino-substituted benzodithiophene-based fluorophores
Authors: Wen Shuguang , Liu Jie , Qiu Meng , Li Yonghai , Zhu Dangqiang , Gu Chuantao , Han Liangliang , Yang Renqiang
Published: December 2014

A series of fluorophores based on amino-substituted BDT were synthesized, which exhibit good fluorescence in both solution and film. The emission color can be easily modulated from green to red.
Two-step spray-drying synthesis of dense and highly luminescent YAG:Ce3+ phosphor powders with spherical shape
Authors: Cho Jung Sang , Jung Kyeong Youl , Chan Kang Yun
Published: December 2014

Two-step spray drying using a commercially available spray dryer was carried out to prepare YAG:Ce3+ phosphor particles. The two-step spray-drying process was a potential method for producing YAG:Ce3+ phosphor particles with spherical shape, narrow size distribution, and good luminescence properties.
Sol–gel hydrothermal synthesis of microstructured CaO-based adsorbents for CO2capture
Authors: Hlaing Nwe Ni , Sreekantan Srimala , Othman Radzali , Pung Swee-Yong , Hinode Hirofumi , Kurniawan Winarto , Thant Aye Aye , Mohamed Abdul Rahman , Salime Chris
Published: December 2014

A novel 3D hierarchical CaCO3hollow microspherical adsorbent composed of 1D spike-shaped nanorods was synthesized by a sol–gel hydrothermal method for CO2capture.
The aqueous medium-dimethylsulfoxide conundrum in biological studies
Authors: Negin Saeedeh , Gokel Michael R. , Patel Mohit B. , Sedinkin Sergey L. , Osborn David C. , Gokel George W.
Published: December 2014

A series of straight and branched chain pyrogallol[4]arenes was studied and found to be essentially nontoxic to two strains ofE. coli.
Embedded structure catalyst: a new perspective from noble metal supported on molybdenum carbide
Authors: Ma Yufei , Guan Guoqing , Hao Xiaogang , Zuo Zhijun , Huang Wei , Phanthong Patchiya , Li Xiumin , Kusakabe Katsuki , Abudula Abuliti
Published: December 2014

Embedded structure catalyst: a new perspective from noble metal supported on molybdenum carbide.
Polymer chemosensors as solid films and coated fibres for extreme acidity colorimetric sensing
Authors: Pablos Jesús Luis , Estévez Pedro , Muñoz Asunción , Ibeas Saturnino , Serna Felipe , García Félix Clemente , García José Miguel
Published: December 2014

Reusable smart films and textiles as colorimetric sensor materials for high acidity environments.
Facile preparation of N- and O-doped hollow carbon spheres derived from poly(o-phenylenediamine) for supercapacitors
Authors: Yuan Chengqian , Liu Xianhu , Jia Meiye , Luo Zhixun , Yao Jiannian
Published: December 2014

Nitrogen and oxygen-doped hollow carbon spheres with enhanced electrochemical capacitance were prepared via pyrolysis of poly(o-phenylenediamine) hollow submicrospheres.
Insulin signaling regulates the toxicity of traffic-related PM2.5on intestinal development and function in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Yang Ruilong , Zhao Yunli , Yu Xiaoming , Lin Zhiqing , Xi Zhuge , Rui Qi , Wang Dayong
Published: December 2014

Insulin signaling pathway may act as an important molecular basis for the toxicity of traffic-related PM2.5inCaenorhabditis elegans, a non-mammalian toxicological model.
Impact of manganese on the hippocampus metabolism in the context of MEMRI: a proton HRMAS MRS study
Authors: Daoust A. , Barbier E. L. , Bohic S. , Stupar V. , Maunoir-Regimbal S. , Fauvelle F.
Published: December 2014

The HRMAS spectrum revealed an important impact of Mn 500 nmol on the hippocampal metabolism, not observed with Mn 8 nmol.
Expression of different bacterial cytotoxins is controlled by two global transcription factors, CRP and Fis, that co-operate in a shared-recruitment mechanism
Authors: Rossiter Amanda E. , Godfrey Rita E. , Connolly Jack A. , Busby Stephen J. W. , Henderson Ian R. , Browning Douglas F.
Published: December 2014

Pet is a cytotoxic autotransporter protein secreted by the pathogenic enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strain 042. Expression of Pet is co-dependent on two global transcription regulators: CRP (cyclic AMP receptor protein) and Fis (factor for inversion stimulation). At the pet promoter CRP binds to a single site centred at position -40.5 upstream of the start site for transcription. Due to the suboptimal positioning of this site, CRP alone activates transcription poorly and requires Fis to bind upstream to promote full activation. Here, we show that CRP and Fis control the expression of other important autotransporter toxins, namely Sat from uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and SigA from Shigella sonnei, and that this regulation has been conserved in different pathogens. Furthermore, we investigate the mechanism of Fis-mediated co-activation, exploiting a series of semi-synthetic promoters, with similar architecture to the pet promoter. We show that, when bound at position -40.5, CRP recruits RNA polymerase inefficiently and that Fis compensates by aiding polymerase recruitment through a direct protein–protein interaction. We demonstrate that other suitably positioned upstream transcription factors, which directly recruit RNA polymerase, can also compensate for the inappropriate positioning of CRP. We propose that this is a simple ‘shared-recruitment’ mechanism, by which co-dependence of promoters on two transcription factors could evolve.
Angiotensin-(1–7) prevents systemic hypertension, attenuates oxidative stress and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and normalizes renal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and Mas receptor expression in diabetic mice
Authors: Shi Yixuan , Lo Chao-Sheng , Padda Ranjit , Abdo Shaaban , Chenier Isabelle , Filep Janos G. , Ingelfinger Julie R. , Zhang Shao-Ling , Chan John S.D.
Published: December 2014

We investigated the relationship between Ang-(1–7) [angiotensin-(1–7)] action, sHTN (systolic hypertension), oxidative stress, kidney injury, ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme-2) and MasR [Ang-(1–7) receptor] expression in Type 1 diabetic Akita mice. Ang-(1–7) was administered daily [500 μg/kg of BW (body weight) per day, subcutaneously] to male Akita mice from 14 weeks of age with or without co-administration of an antagonist of the MasR, A779 (10 mg/kg of BW per day). The animals were killed at 20 weeks of age. Age-matched WT (wild-type) mice served as controls. Ang-(1–7) administration prevented sHTN and attenuated kidney injury (reduced urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, glomerular hyperfiltration, renal hypertrophy and fibrosis, and tubular apoptosis) without affecting blood glucose levels in Akita mice. Ang-(1–7) also attenuated renal oxidative stress and the expression of oxidative stress-inducible proteins (NADPH oxidase 4, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, haem oxygenase 1), pro-hypertensive proteins (angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3) and profibrotic proteins (transforming growth factor-β1 and collagen IV), and increased the expression of anti-hypertensive proteins (ACE2 and MasR) in Akita mouse kidneys. These effects were reversed by A779. Our data suggest that Ang-(1–7) plays a protective role in sHTN and RPTC (renal proximal tubular cell) injury in diabetes, at least in part, through decreasing renal oxidative stress-mediated signalling and normalizing ACE2 and MasR expression.
Activation of intracellular angiotensin AT2 receptors induces rapid cell death in human uterine leiomyosarcoma cells
Authors: Zhao Yi , Lützen Ulf , Fritsch Jürgen , Zuhayra Maaz , Schütze Stefan , Steckelings Ulrike M. , Recanti Chiara , Namsoleck Pawel , Unger Thomas , Culman Juraj
Published: December 2014

The presence of angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptors in mitochondria and their role in NO generation and cell aging were recently demonstrated in various human and mouse non-tumour cells. We investigated the intracellular distribution of AT2 receptors including their presence in mitochondria and their role in the induction of apoptosis and cell death in cultured human uterine leiomyosarcoma (SK-UT-1) cells and control human uterine smooth muscle cells (HutSMC). The intracellular levels of the AT2 receptor are low in proliferating SK-UT-1 cells but the receptor is substantially up-regulated in quiescent SK-UT-1 cells with high densities in mitochondria. Activation of the cell membrane AT2 receptors by a concomitant treatment with angiotensin II and the AT1 receptor antagonist, losartan, induces apoptosis but does not affect the rate of cell death. We demonstrate for the first time that the high-affinity, non-peptide AT2 receptor agonist, Compound 21 (C21), penetrates the cell membrane of quiescent SK-UT-1 cells, activates intracellular AT2 receptors and induces rapid cell death; approximately 70% of cells died within 24 h. The cells, which escaped cell death, displayed activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, i.e. down-regulation of the Bcl-2 protein, induction of the Bax protein and activation of caspase-3. All quiescent SK-UT-1 cells died within 5 days after treatment with a single dose of C21. C21 was devoid of cytotoxic effects in proliferating SK-UT-1 cells and in quiescent HutSMC. Our results point to a new, unique approach enabling the elimination non-cycling uterine leiomyosarcoma cells providing that they over-express the AT2 receptor.
0-3 Population: Past, Present, and Future Directions for Providing Feeding and Swallowing Services
Authors: Scarborough Donna , Garver Jenaye , Levin Wendy
Published: December 2014

This article will provide an important historical context of the development of early intervention (EI) in regards to oropharyngeal dysphagia and the rationale of why service delivery models are so different across the United States. Since the onset of IDEA, Part C (2004) we have seen a significant need for EI specialists who have training in developmental feeding/swallowing issues and who are comfortable utilizing these skills within non-medical environments. Based on the number of infants/toddlers who are currently receiving services, evidence is available that indicates more qualified professionals will be needed as we look to the future.
Post‐processing method for removing low‐frequency bias in glottal inverse filtering
Authors: Koc Turgay
Published: December 2014

Estimation of glottal flow waveform from speech requires recording of low‐frequency sounds down to DC level. It causes a low‐frequency noise or bias in the reconstructed glottal flow waveform. Removing this bias by linear highpass filtering (HPF) degrades the shape of glottal flow waveform. A nonlinear method based on empirical mode decomposition is proposed for removing the bias without using HPF while preserving the shape of the glottal flow waveform. The biased glottal flow waveform is decomposed into its intrinsic modes, then the low‐frequency bias is estimated by using the higher modes. Glottal flow waveform is reconstructed by subtracting the bias in the time domain. The results show that the proposed method accurately estimates the bias and yields significantly better glottal flow waveforms than the conventional HPF method.
Characterisation of measurement uncertainties due to preamplifier gain variation
Authors: Song Jian , Guo Yong Xin
Published: December 2014

The measurement uncertainties associated with preamplifier gain variation due to temperature change are investigated. It is shown that when temperature decreases from the room temperature (25°C) to 0°C, the uncertainty of the preamplifier gain variation is found to be as large as 1.277 dB. Further investigation of mismatch uncertainty between the preamplifier and the system due to temperature change has been carried out. It is expected that mismatch uncertainty will be greatly affected if the preamplifier input and output voltage standing wave ratio varies at different operating temperatures.
Pulsed radio frequency characterisation on 28 nm complementary metal–oxide semiconductor technology
Authors: Sahoo A.K. , Fregonese S. , Scheer P. , Celi D. , Juge A. , Zimmer T.
Published: December 2014

The influence of electrothermal behaviour on radio frequency (RF) performances of 28 nm bulk complementary metal–oxide semiconductor technology is examined. Biased continuous‐wave RF and pulsed RF (applying different DC pulse and RF pulse width combinations) characterisations are performed within the 1–30 GHz frequency domain at room temperature and the transit frequency (fT) is extracted at 15 GHz frequency. It has been found that the degradation in fT on I/O devices is about 3 GHz because of the self‐heating effect.
Partial automatic repeat request transceiver for bandwidth and power efficient multiple‐input–multiple‐output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems
Authors: Ahmed Awais , Muhammad Zia , Mahmood Hasan , Saqib Nazar Abbas
Published: December 2014

In this study, the authors present a novel method to improve the performance of automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol for multiple‐input–multiple‐output systems that use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signalling by incorporating partial ARQ (PARQ) mechanism. As a typical ARQ frame has few number of errors, it is useful to retransmit partial sequence of symbols and recover from errors by consuming relatively low bandwidth. The observations from the first transmission and subsequent retransmission are used for joint detection. As a direct consequence of partial retransmission, the bandwidth and power efficiency of the overall system is improved considerably without substantial decrease in the performance. They achieve further bandwidth saving by omitting pilot sequence from the partial retransmission and acquire channel estimate in semi‐blind fashion. Partial retransmission of the original information symbol sequence allows the authors to formulate second‐order statistics based joint blind channel estimation problem by combining observations from two transmissions. Channel estimation ambiguity inherent to blind methods is resolved by combining cost functions of blind detection and least‐square estimator. To evaluate efficacy of the proposed PARQ method, they compare throughput of chase‐type hybrid‐ARQ and the proposed PARQ methods.
Low‐complexity transmit antenna selection schemes for spatial modulation
Authors: Pillay Narushan , Xu HongJun
Published: December 2014

Link adaptation in the form of Euclidean distance‐based antenna selection (EDAS) at the transmitter, has demonstrated a significant improvement in the error performance of spatial modulation (SM). However, when a large transmit antenna array is required, the computational complexity imposed by the EDAS scheme is inherently high. Thus, there is great motivation for the development of low‐complexity transmit antenna selection (LCTAS) schemes for SM. In this study, the authors propose several LCTAS schemes for SM. Assuming full knowledge of the channel at the receiver, the proposed schemes select a subset of the candidate transmit antenna elements based on channel amplitude, antenna correlation, Euclidean distance between transmit vectors or a combination of these; demonstrating a significant improvement in error performance compared with conventional SM, while imposing significantly lower computational complexity than EDAS‐SM. Moreover, the proposed schemes employ a novel complexity reducing technique, which allows parallel processing of algorithms and can easily be applied to existing schemes.
Direct measurement of the low temperature spin state transitions in La1−xSrxCoO3 (0.05 < x < 0.3)
Authors: Gulec A. , Klie R. F.
Published: December 2014

Sr-doped LaCoO3 has a complex magnetic phase diagram, which is believed to be directly correlated to changes in the crystal structure and ordering of the Co3+ spin states. In this work, we study the low temperature Co3+-ion spin state transitions in Sr-doped LaCoO3 around the critical doping concentration where a metal to insulator transition has been observed using electron energy-loss spectroscopy of the O K-edge combined with the Co L-edge fine structure. We measure the local spin state of the Co3+-ions and we demonstrate that the Co3+ spin-state transition only occurs in La0.95Sr0.05CoO3 single-crystal materials in the temperature range accessible by LN2 in-situ cooling, while no structural symmetry change is observed. The presence of this low-temperature spin-state transition in La1−xSrxCoO3 (x < 0.17) has been proposed as the origin of the percolative magnetic ordering in doped LaCoO3.
Experimental study of global-scale turbulence in a librating ellipsoid
Authors: Grannan A. M. , Le Bars M. , Cébron D. , Aurnou J. M.
Published: December 2014

We present laboratory experimental results demonstrating that librational forcing of an ellipsoidal container of water can produce intense motions through the mechanism of a libration driven elliptical instability (LDEI). These libration studies are conducted using an ellipsoidal acrylic container filled with water. A particle image velocimetry method is used to measure the 2D velocity field in the equatorial plane over hundreds libration cycles for a fixed Ekman number, E = 2 × 10−5. In doing so, we recover the libration induced base flow and a time averaged zonal flow. Further, we show that LDEI in non-axisymmetric container geometries is capable of driving both intermittent and saturated turbulent motions in the bulk fluid. Additionally, we measure the growth rate and amplitude of the LDEI induced excited flow in a fully ellipsoidal container at more extreme parameters than previously studied [Noir et al., “Experimental study of libration-driven flows in nonaxisymmetric containers,” Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 204-205, 1 (2012); Cébron et al., Phys. Fluids 24, 061703, “Libration driven elliptical instability,” (2012)]. Excitation of bulk filling turbulence by librational forcing provides a mechanism for transferring rotational energy into turbulent fluid motion and thus can play an important role in the thermal evolution, interior dynamics, and magneto-hydrodynamics of librating bodies, as appear to be common in solar system settings [e.g., Comstock and Bills, “A solar system survey of forced librations in longitude,” J. Geophys. Res. Planets 108, 1 (2003)].
Time dependent potentials associated with exceptional orthogonal polynomials
Authors: Schulze-Halberg Axel , Roy Barnana
Published: December 2014

We introduce a method for generating rational extensions of time-dependent potentials, such that the associated Schrödinger equation admits solutions in terms of exceptional orthogonal polynomials. Our method is applicable to position-dependent Schrödinger equations, as well as to their conventional counterparts for constant mass.
Examining thermal transport through a frequency-domain representation of time-domain thermoreflectance data
Authors: Collins Kimberlee C. , Maznev Alexei A. , Cuffe John , Nelson Keith A. , Chen Gang
Published: December 2014

Laser-based time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) and frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) techniques are widely used for investigating thermal transport at micro- and nano-scales. We demonstrate that data obtained in TDTR measurements can be represented in a frequency-domain form equivalent to FDTR, i.e., in the form of a surface temperature amplitude and phase response to time-harmonic heating. Such a representation is made possible by using a large TDTR delay time window covering the entire pulse repetition interval. We demonstrate the extraction of frequency-domain data up to 1 GHz from TDTR measurements on a sapphire sample coated with a thin layer of aluminum, and show that the frequency dependencies of both the amplitude and phase responses agree well with theory. The proposed method not only allows a direct comparison of TDTR and FDTR data, but also enables measurements at high frequencies currently not accessible to FDTR. The frequency-domain representation helps uncover aspects of the measurement physics which remain obscured in a traditional TDTR measurement, such as the importance of modeling the details of the heat transport in the metal transducer film for analyzing high frequency responses.