bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma as presentation of tuberous sclerosis: a case report
Authors: Jayalakshmy P. S. , Pillai Aswathy Mohanachandran , Rajan Reshmi
Published: January 2024

Background

A case of tuberous sclerosis patient on long-term follow-up is reported here.

Case presentation

A 22-year-old female patient with epilepsy was diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis at the age of 12 years. At that time, a small subependymal giant cell astrocytoma has been detected along with the other signs of the disease. But the patient was not symptomatic of the intracranial lesion at that time. So, she was kept under follow-up with treatment for the epilepsy. Within 10 years, the lesion gradually enlarged and caused symptoms and the tumour had to be resected at the age of 22 years of age.

Conclusions

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is very slow-growing low-grade tumour. If small and asymptomatic at the time of the initial diagnosis, resection is not advised. The patient should be kept under close follow-up.
The RAVI registry: prospective, multicenter study of radial access in embolization procedures – 30 days follow up
Authors: Guimaraes Marcelo , Fischman Aaron , Yu Hyeon , Tasse Jordan , Stewart Jessica , Pereira Keith ,   for the RAVI Registry Investigators, Uflacker Andre , Yamada Ricardo , Vaheesan Kirubahara , Malik Ali Abdullah , Sherwani Afsheen , Commander Clayton , Kohi Maureen , Lookstein Robert , Nowakowski Francis , Patel Rahul , Patel Rajesh , Titano Joseph , Ranade Mona
Published: January 2024

Background

There is a lack of registry studies about transradial access (TRA) outcomes. This prospective registry evaluated the TRA and procedure outcomes of visceral embolizations performed via TRA with 30-day follow-up.

Material & methods

Prospective, multicenter registry included uterine fibroids (UFE), prostate artery (PAE), liver tumors (LT), and other hypervascular tumors (OHT) embolization performed in six US hospitals. Between February 2020 and January 2022, 99 patients underwent one radial artery visceral intervention (RAVI); 70 had UFE (70.7%), 16 PAE (16.2%), 7 LT (7.1%), and 6 OHT (6.1%). The mean age was 50.1 (±11.1) years, and 74/99 (74.7%) were females. The primary safety endpoints included hand ischemia, stroke, and death. Procedural success was defined as completing the intended procedure via radial artery (RA) access. Technical success was defined as the successful delivery of HydroPearl™ microspheres and complete embolization of the target vessel.

Results

Procedural and technical successes were 100% and 97%, respectively. There was no stroke, hand ischemia, radial-to-femoral conversion, access-related serious adverse events, or clinically evident radial artery occlusion at 30 days. There were two deaths: one respiratory failure and one progression of liver disease. Minor RA-related adverse event included arterial spasm, hematoma, and post-procedure discomfort.

Conclusion

This prospective, multicenter, open-label registry confirmed the high safety profile and effectiveness of radial access in UFE, PAE, LT, and OHT embolization procedures without stroke, hand ischemia, or access-related serious adverse events at 30-day follow-up.
The effects of anatomical location and distance from dental implants on the quality and quantity of metal artifacts in cone beam computed tomography scans: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Salari Yalda , Sakhdari Shirin , Hafezi Ladan , Bidoki Faeze Zare , Mosaddad Seyed Ali
Published: January 2024

Background

Artifacts in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images can cause disruptions in diagnosis and treatment. Multiple factors influence the artifacts, including the quality and technology of devices, positions, patient-related factors, device settings, and bone density. Besides, anatomical area and distance from the implant affect the artifacts. This study aimed to investigate the effects of anatomical location and distance from the implant on the quality and quantity of artifacts.

Methods

A total of 200 CBCT images of patients with titanium implants and prostheses in the anterior and posterior regions of the maxilla and mandible were evaluated in this study. Four areas were assessed for each implant in three apical, middle, and cervical regions with distances of 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm from the implant. Besides, the impact of adjacent implants on the artifacts was investigated. An ANOVA test with post hoc Bonferroni correction was used to analyze variable differences between subgroups.

Results

The differences were statistically significant, except for the difference between the posterior areas of the upper and lower jaws. A comparison of different areas revealed that most artifacts were related to the anterior maxilla, followed by anterior mandibular regions. The results of covariance analysis indicated that region and location had independent effects on the amount of artifacts.

Conclusions

Artifacts are more frequent in the anterior region compared to the posterior site. They are also more frequent in the maxilla than the mandible and cervical areas close to the implant than the middle and apical regions.
Impact of bilingualism on language development in 46 Egyptian children
Authors: Sami Rasha
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Bilingualism is a common practice around the world. It was believed that bilingualism might affect language development. This study aimed to investigate the impact of bilingualism on language development in a group of Egyptian children.

Methods

The study included 46 children 5–6 years of age recruited from a single American international school in Egypt to ensure all subjects have same socio-economic standard and the same environment to exclude other factors that may affect language development other than bilingualism. The 46 students are average students as per their school report; all children started learning English at the age of 3 years. At home, parents speak Arabic all the time and just label a few objects in English language. Socio-economic data were collected through parents’ interviews; there was no history of delayed language development nor speech and language therapy. Two assessment tools were administered: Preschool Language Scales Fifth Edition (PLS-5) to assess English language and Receptive Expressive Arabic Language Scale (REAL Scale) to assess Arabic language development for the study group, and this tool start age is 5 years.

Results

The results of the PLS-5 and REAL Scale indicated normal language development of Arabic and English in all children.

Conclusion

Early English language learning does not affect Arabic language development in the study group. Both languages are well developed in these children, provided they use Arabic as the primary communication language at home with parents and siblings.
A comparison between Claus and THIOPAQ sulfur recovery techniques in natural gas plants
Authors: Abdel Hamid Mahmoud Farag , Aboul-Fotouh Tarek M. , El-Shafie Masoud A.
Published: January 2024

A sulfur recovery process is one of the most important processes in the oil and gas industry to get rid of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which is produced from the acid gas removal process of sour natural gas to convert it into sweet natural gas. Actual data from a gas field is used to obtain a realistic comparison between two sulfur recovery techniques, through which researchers and/or manufacturers can obtain information that will help them choose the most appropriate and cheapest method. A total feed acid gas flow rate of 5.1844 MMSCFD with an H2S concentration of 24.62% by mole percent was produced from amine acid gas removal units. Claus sulfur recovery technique is a traditional chemical process that uses thermal and catalytic reactors. Therefore, an acid gas enrichment unit is applied to increase the H2S concentration to approximately 50% mole to provide reliable and flexible operation in the thermal and catalytic reactors. Moreover, a tail gas treatment unit is applied to increase the overall conversion efficiency to 99.90% with the Claus technique instead of 95.08% without it to achieve high sulfur recovery and reliable operation through the conversion of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and mercaptans. Studies on the safety and simplicity of the Claus technique revealed many important hazards and a large number of transmitters (379) and control loops (128) in one Claus train. THIOPAQ sulfur recovery as a new technology is a biological desulfurization process that uses a natural mixture of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. It is also a unique H2S removal process with an efficiency of 99.999%. In addition, studies on the safety and simplicity of the THIOPAQ technique have shown that the hazards, the number of transmitters (74), and the number of control loops (29) of a one THIOPAQ train are lower. The THIOPAQ technique showed higher efficiency, was safer, simpler, and had lower CAPEX and OPEX. This study was conducted using Aspen HYSYS V11 and actual data.
Distributed wide-field electromagnetic method for coal mining goaf detection in a complex urban environment: A case study in Jinan, China
Authors: Zhang Heng , Yang Yang , Li Hu , Luo Pingfan , Zhou Changyu , Zhu Yuzhen , Peng Yonghui , Sun Huaifeng
Published: January 2024

Urban expansion has resulted in many proposed projects located over coal mining zones, which has highlighted the importance of detecting the spatial scope and water abundance of goafs before the commencement of construction work. Although electromagnetic (EM) methods have proven effective for goaf detection, their applications in intensely noisy and urbanized environments remain limited. To address this challenge, we evaluate an investigation of a coal mining goaf in Jinan, China, using the distributed wide-field EM (DWFEM) method. A third-order [Formula: see text] sequence pseudorandom signal with 39 survey frequencies is transmitted to achieve long-time data acquisition at each station. Unlike the controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics method, the DWFEM records only the electric field [Formula: see text] component. The synthetic model tests and field data demonstrate the consistency of the [Formula: see text] apparent resistivity and the Cagniard resistivity in the far field. The long-time acquisition and 1C recording greatly improve data quality and exploration efficiency. We also use an all-angle resistivity calculation formula and an electrode layout method parallel to the wire source to obtain electrical connections in different directions. The DWFEM inversion results are obtained using the 1D Gauss-Newton iterative method under a plane-wave assumption. By interpolating the data from different measurement stations, we image resistivity depth profiles and obtain 3D subsurface electrical data for the subsurface from 0 to 1000 m. We interpret the obtained profiles with geologic and mining information, revealing two significant water-enriched goaf areas. Validation is performed using seismic data and drill cores. The results significantly enhance our understanding of the characteristics of the coal mine under our project and highlight the applicability of the DWFEM for detecting goafs in complex urban environments.
An Explanation of Why Dose-Corrected Area Under the Curve for Alternate Administration Routes Can Be Greater than for Intravenous Dosing
Authors: Wakuda Hirokazu , Xiang Yue , Sodhi Jasleen K. , Uemura Naoto , Benet Leslie Z.
Published: January 2024

It is generally believed that bioavailability (F) calculated based on systemic concentration area under the curve (AUC) measurements cannot exceed 1.0, yet some published studies report this inconsistency. We teach and believe, based on differential equation derivations, that rate of absorption has no influence on measured systemic clearance following an oral dose, i.e., determined as available dose divided by AUC. Previously, it was thought that any difference in calculating F from urine data versus that from systemic concentration AUC data was due to the inability to accurately measure urine data. A PubMed literature search for drugs exhibiting F > 1.0 and studies for which F was measured using both AUC and urinary excretion dose-corrected analyses yielded data for 35 drugs. We show and explain, using Kirchhoff’s Laws, that these universally held concepts concerning bioavailability may not be valid in all situations. Bioavailability, determined using systemic concentration measurements, for many drugs may be overestimated since AUC reflects not only systemic elimination but also absorption rate characteristics, which is most easily seen for renal clearance measures. Clearance of drug from the absorption site must be significantly greater than clearance following an iv bolus dose for F(AUC) to correctly correspond with F(urine). The primary purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that studies resulting in F > 1.0 and/or greater systemic vs urine bioavailability predictions may be accurate. Importantly, these explications have no significant impact on current regulatory guidance for bioequivalence testing, nor on the use of exposure (AUC) measures in making drug dosing decisions.

Graphical Abstract
Abnormal Glucose Tolerance in Women Diagnosed With Gestational Diabetes (WHO 2013) 10 Years After Index Pregnancy
Authors: Kgosidialwa Oratile , Newman Christine , Carmody Louise , McGrath Brian , O’Shea Paula M , Dunne Fidelma
Published: January 2024

Context

It is not clear if the risk of abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) is attenuated in the long-term in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM) using the World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 criteria and who have received appropriate treatment during pregnancy.

Objective

We aimed to assess the long-term prevalence of AGT and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in this cohort.

Methods

A retrospective cohort follow-up study was conducted of 37 and 107 women diagnosed with and without GDM respectively using the WHO 2013 criteria between June 2010 and December 2010. Women were invited to attend our center, where they underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, blood and urine collection, body measurements, and electrocardiography. Main outcome measure included the development of AGT using the American Diabetes Association criteria.

Results

Sixteen (43.2%) women with GDM compared to 5 (4.7%) women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at index pregnancy had AGT (P < .001). In the GDM group, 10 (27.0%), 7 (18.9%), and 4 (10.8%) women had impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively. In the NGT group, 2 (1.9%), 3 (2.8%), and 1 (0.9%) woman had IFG, IGT, and T2DM, respectively. Women with AGT also had an unfavorable metabolic profile including obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia.

Conclusion

Women treated for GDM (WHO 2013 criteria) remain at increased risk for developing AGT and adverse CVD risk factors as early as a decade after diagnosis. Continued efforts are needed to accurately follow this population to address modifiable risk factors.
Anatomic Feasibility of a Superficial Temporal Artery to Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Bypass With a Parietal Branch Interposition Graft: The Superficial Temporal Artery Telescope Bypass
Authors: Gandhi Sirin , Benet Arnau , Tabani Halima , Tayebi Meybodi Ali , González Sánchez Josep , Scherschinski Lea , Srinivasan Visish M. , Lawton Michael T.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Revascularizing the postcommunicating segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) using extracranial donor sites requires long interposition grafts. The superficial temporal artery (STA) is frequently used for extracranial-intracranial ACA revascularization. However, the length of either STA branch is not sufficient to reach the ACA with a proper caliber match, so an interposition graft is required. The aim of this study was to evaluate a bypass that uses the 2 main branches of the STA to reach the A3 (pericallosal) segment of the ACA.

METHODS:

The frontal and parietal branches of the STA were dissected from 10 cadaveric specimens. The middle internal frontal artery (MIFA) was exposed through an anterior interhemispheric approach. An interposition graft technique was applied using the parietal branch of the STA (pSTA) to connect the frontal branch of the STA (fSTA) with the MIFA. The bypass code is fSTA (E-Ec) pSTA + pSTA (E-Sc) MIFA. Measurements of length and caliber were taken at the anastomotic sites for the distal branches of the STA and the MIFA.

RESULTS:

The mean (SD) diameter of the MIFA measured 1.4 (0.2) mm, similar to the calibers of the frontal and parietal branches of the STA. The mean (SD) length of the end-to-side STA-MIFA bypass was 145.5 (7.4) mm, and the mean (SD) length of the donor-graft construct measured 204.2 (27.9) mm. This bypass design resulted in a surplus donor graft length of 38%.

CONCLUSION:

Using the pSTA as an interposition graft proved to be a successful technique for creating an STA-MIFA bypass, yielding excess donor graft length that facilitated an unstrained bypass construct. This approach offers several advantages, including a single skin incision, ample graft length, caliber compatibility, and a straightforward technical execution.
Clinical trials and their impact on policy during COVID-19: a review
Authors: Glasziou Paul , Sanders Sharon , Byambasuren Oyungerel , Thomas Rae , Hoffmann Tammy , Greenwood Hannah , van der Merwe Madeleen , Clark Justin
Published: January 2024

Background Of over 8,000 recorded randomised trials addressing COVID-19, around 80% were of treatments, and 17% have reported results. Approximately 1% were adaptive or platform trials, with 25 having results available, across 29 journal articles and 10 preprint articles. Methods We conducted an extensive literature review to address four questions about COVID-19 trials, particularly the role and impact of platform/adaptive trials and lessons learned. Results The key findings were: Q1. Social value in conducting trials and uptake into policy? COVID-19 drug treatments varied substantially and changed considerably, with drugs found effective in definitive clinical trials replacing unproven drugs. Dexamethasone has likely saved ½-2 million lives, and was cost effective across a range of countries and populations, whereas the cost effectiveness of remdesivir is uncertain. Published economic and health system impacts of COVID-19 treatments were infrequent. Q2. Issues with adaptive trial designs. Of the 77 platform trials registered, 6 major platform trials, with approximately 50 treatment arms, recruited ~135,000 participants with funding over $100 million. Q3. Models of good practice. Streamlined set-up processes such as flexible and fast-track funding, ethics, and governance approvals are vital. To facilitate recruitment, simple and streamlined research processes, and pre-existing research networks to coordinate trial planning, design, conduct and practice change are crucial to success. Q4. Potential conflicts to avoid? When treating patients through trials, balancing individual and collective rights and allocating scarce resources between healthcare and research are challenging. Tensions occur between commercial and non-commercial sectors, and academic and public health interests, such as publication and funding driven indicators and the public good. Conclusion There is a need to (i) reduce small, repetitive, single centre trials, (ii) increase coordination to ensure robust research conducted for treatments, and (iii) a wider adoption of adaptive/platform trial designs to respond to fast-evolving evidence landscape.
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome: A comprehensive review of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment strategies in hyperglycemic crises
Authors: Orłowska Dominika , Kapłan Wojciech , Ostański Jan , Zalewa Karolina , Bartoszek Lidia , Świdziński Rafał , Skorupski Bartosz , Lipiec Jakub , Rogowska Monika , Olszak Joanna
Published: January 2024

Introduction and Purpose Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS), a severe type 2 diabetes complication, presents with profound hyperglycemia, hyperosmolality, and dehydration sans ketosis, posing distinct challenges in diagnosis and treatment compared to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This article aims to enhance medical community awareness by examining HHS features, prevalence, and associated risk factors, contributing to improved clinical management. Emphasizing tailored treatment strategies for dehydration, coexisting illnesses, and metabolic decompensation, it ultimately seeks to enhance outcomes for type 2 diabetes individuals.

Material and methods Conducting a systematic review of medical articles from 1972 to 2023 using PubMed, this study analyzed keywords such as hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, HHS, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, and dehydration. Inclusion of pertinent articles ensured a comprehensive exploration of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) literature during the specified timeframe.

Brief description of the state of knowledge. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) predominantly affects elderly type 2 diabetes individuals, often triggered by infections like pneumonia or urinary tract infections. Clinical presentation includes fatigue, weakness, polydipsia, polyuria, nausea, and altered consciousness. Diagnosis relies on criteria such as elevated blood glucose levels and increased osmolality. HHS management involves a multidisciplinary approach, addressing fluid depletion, compromised cerebral perfusion, and achieving gradual normalization of osmolality and blood glucose levels to prevent complications.

Summary Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS), a severe metabolic disorder linked to diabetes, extends beyond hyperglycemia, necessitating a comprehensive understanding. This review sheds light on HHS etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment modalities, emphasizing its critical nature in diabetes care.
Kwestia wolności w ujęciu Spinozy i Leibniza a perspektywa kompatybilistyczna
Authors: Rojek Krzysztof
Published: January 2024

Choć koncepcje wolności Spinozy i Leibniza wyrastały w dobie powszechności tezy determinizmu mechanistycznego, którego powszechność została w ubiegłym wieku podważona, ontologiczna argumentacja obu filozofów pozostaje aktualna i warta nie tylko rewizji, a nawet porównania. Poddam pod rozwagę dwa stanowiska na rzecz wolności: Spinozjańskie utożsamienie wolności z wiedzą i Leibnizjańską obronę zasady alternatywnych możliwości. Oba stanowiska rozważę z perspektywy argumentacji kompatybilistycznej, wskazując, że rozumienie konieczności w myśli Spinozy i Leibniza nie wyklucza istnienia wolności.
Zetetyczny rejs
Authors: Szombierski Dawid
Published: January 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest systematyczny namysł i próba oceny badań Dariusza Kuboka nad krytycyzmem, związanych z monografią Krytycyzm, sceptycyzm i zetetycyzm we wczesnej filozofii greckiej, która problematyzuje krytycyzm z perspektywy filozoficznej i prezentuje nowy paradygmat interpretacyjny wczesnej filozofii greckiej. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. Pierwsza przybliża część dorobku publikacyjnego Polskiego Badacza, będącego drogą do jego głównego dzieła. Druga omawia problem, metodę i strukturę opus magnum. Trzecia poddaje ocenie badania, a także ich znaczenie z perspektywy filozoficznej oraz ogólnohumanistycznej.
The role of arthroscopic triangular fibrocartilage complex repair in a case of bilateral Galeazzi fracture-dislocation
Authors: Choi SeongJu , Park Sunghun , Lee Jun-Ku
Published: January 2024

This report presents the case of a 23-year-old man with bilateral distal one-third radial shaft fractures and associated distal radioulnar joint disruption, known as Galeazzi fractures, resulting from a fall from a kickboard. After open reduction and plate internal fixation for both radial shafts, the radioulnar joints remained unstable on both sides. We performed arthroscopic repair of the triangular fibrocartilage complex on the left side and used a short arm splint to immobilize the right side. At the 6-month postoperative follow-up, the patient reported mild stiffness in the left wrist, although both sides showed a full range of motion and distal radioulnar joint stability. In conclusion, when achieving anatomic reduction and stable fixation of the radial shaft in a Galeazzi fracture, favorable results can be achieved without additional surgical treatment, even if the distal radioulnar joint is unstable during surgery.
Dokumentacja opisowa Stałego Katastru Galicyjskiego w zasobie Archiwum Państwowego w Przemyślu jako przykład materiału źródłowego do badań genealogicznych (komunikat)
Authors: Laska Elżbieta
Published: January 2024

The document in question is related to the Permanent Cadaster of Galicia, which was a land tax collection system introduced by the Austrian authorities in the 19th century. This system created various descriptive documents that can be valuable for genealogical research. These documents include boundary descriptions, field sketches, maps, calculation protocols, and lists of users and land uses.
relación entre la asociatividad empresarial, la productividad y la competitividad: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Parra Moreno Carlos Fernando , Sánchez Cárcamo Ricardo Antonio
Published: January 2024

La asociatividad empresarial es la forma como dos o más empresas se unen para lograr un objetivo en común, es considerada uno de los determinantes de la productividad y por ende de la competitividad. Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre la relación entre la asociatividad empresarial, la productividad y la competitividad para el periodo de 2008 a junio de 2023. Metodología: la investigación adoptó un enfoque cualitativo con una metodología de tipo exploratoria, de revisión documental y descriptiva. Esta revisión se realizó desde dos enfoques: una revisión sistemática de la literatura (RSL), y un análisis bibliométrico (copalabras, cocitación). La información se obtuvo a través de las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science (WoS). Resultados principales: a partir de la revisión de 371 artículos en Scopus y 76 en WoS para un total de 447 trabajos se encontró que existe un alto número de publicaciones respecto a los temas de asociatividad empresarial, productividad y competitividad de manera independiente y de explicación bivariada. Sin embargo, la publicación de trabajos empíricos sobre la relación entre las tres variables es limitada, esto permite ampliar futuras investigaciones para la validación empírica del tema.
Professional Development of Professors of Prospective Teachers in Brazil
Authors: Richit Adriana , Xavier de Almeida William
Published: January 2024

This article examines the opportunities for the professional development of professors of future teachers determined by the legal regulations concerning teacher education in higher education and the actions and programs of agencies related to the Ministry of Education dedicated to higher education. The analysis is supported by the concept of professional development outlined by Christopher Day, and by principles presented by Thomas Guskey and their significance for the concept of teacher professionalism. The analysis focuses on a set of official documents found in archives associated to the Ministry of Education, which constitute the empiric material for the study. Two perspectives were identified concerning the process of professional development of university professors. The first is that the university is a locus for the development of educators of future teachers, as the space for the realization of graduate and post-doctoral programs, and institutional and interinstitutional partnerships, and by providing professors-educators different professional experiences with teaching, research, extension and institutional administration. The second is the development of professors is realized through research and the production of knowledge, indicated by the fact that the incentives are found in the distribution of grants for research, and graduate and post-doctoral studies.
Variação linguística nas provas do Enem: análise qualitativa ao longo do tempo
Authors: Estolano Thais , Castanheira Dennis
Published: January 2024

Neste artigo temos como foco discutir qualitativamente a abordagem acerca da variação linguística nas provas do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio ao longo dos anos. Para isso, seguimos o embasamento teórico da Sociolinguística Variacionista (Coulmas, 2001; Eckert, 2012; Drager, 2015), que defende a língua viva, variável, mutável e socialmente motivada por fatores de diferentes ordens. Nossos resultados indicam que as questões são pertinentes em relação às discussões sociolinguísticas e à Matriz de Referência do exame.
Pragmática e Cognição: a codificação gramatical da expectativa
Authors: Sousa Clara , Pinheiro Diogo
Published: January 2024

Sistematicamente, os falantes marcam, na gramática, cálculos acerca de quais acreditam ser as expectativas dos ouvintes em relação ao mundo. Neste artigo, fazemos uma análise desse fenômeno, primeiramente, da perspectiva da estrutura informacional. Defendemos que a evocação do cálculo de expectativa acontece via pressuposição. Assim, defendemos que deve haver, para além das pressuposições de topicalidade, consciência e conhecimento, uma pressuposição de expectativa, não prevista na tipologia de Lambrecht (1994). Para explorar a diferença entre conhecimento e expectativa, fazemos também uma análise de modelos cognitivos idealizados da Gramática Cognitiva de Langacker (1991), demonstrando que se trata de fenômenos cognitivamente distintos.
Tradução do "Manifesto da Mulher Futurista", um texto de Valentine de Saint-Point
Authors: Lopes Costa Marseille , Marques Isse Renan , Cruz Eduardo da
Published: January 2024

O presente trabalho é uma tradução do italiano de um dos textos mais célebres da artista e escritora francesa Valentine de Saint-Point, intitulado “Manifesto della Donna Futurista”. O manifesto foi originalmente publicado em 1912, após ter sido proferido por Saint-Point em uma Conferência realizada na Galeria Giroux de Bruxelas, na Bélgica, e, posteriormente, na Salle Gaveu, em Paris, na França. É uma expressão eloquente das aspirações feministas e futuristas do início do século XX, que destaca a importância da mulher enquanto agente na construção de uma nova ordem social e cultural.
Web-Based Module on Biotechnology: Fostering Preservice Science Teachers’ Eco-literacy Skills
Authors: Wulandari Fitria Eka , Susantini Endang , Hariyono Eko
Published: January 2024

Pre-service science teachers need to be aware of eco-literacy and biotechnology as they will teach science subjects to students from the perspectives of 21st-century skills. This study aimed to develop a web-based module on biotechnology and examine preservice science teachers’ eco-literacy skills after using the developed module. The study used a research and development design adopting Molenda’s product development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation/ADDIE). There were 60 students majoring in science education as the research participants. The data were collected using a needs analysis questionnaire, a curriculum analysis form, a validation sheet, tests, and a response questionnaire. The obtained quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 25 with descriptive statistical tests with Swanson’s quantifications. Results showed that the web-based module on biotechnology could be developed through ADDIE stages with experts’ high validity results (M = 4.59, valid with revision). The module significantly improved the teachers’ eco-literacy skills on biotechnology topics (F = 14.053, p = .000, N = 60). This result implies that the web-based module on biotechnology can assist preservice science teachers in improving their eco-literacy skills.
A Structural Equation Modeling of Academic Locus of Control, Procrastination, and Their Impact on School Satisfaction: Insights From the Azerbaijani Educational System
Authors: Rustamov Elnur , Nuriyeva Ulkar Zalova , Allahverdiyeva Malak , Abbasov Tahmasib , Rustamova Narinj
Published: January 2024

Examining the academic locus of control, procrastination, and school satisfaction is crucial for understanding student well-being and educational outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential mediating role of academic procrastination in the association between academic locus of control and school satisfaction in a sample of adolescents (N = 628; Mage = 13.30, SD = 1.74) residing in various regions of Azerbaijan. The results revealed that higher levels of internal locus of control were positively related to school satisfaction, while increased levels of external locus of control were negatively associated with school satisfaction. The analysis using structural equation modeling showed that school satisfaction was partially influenced by academic procrastination, which acted as a mediator in the relationship between internal locus of control and school satisfaction. Additionally, academic procrastination fully mediated the relationship between external locus of control and school satisfaction. These findings were further discussed in the context of existing literature, and recommendations were provided for future research in this area.
Conclusion: Staying grounded
Authors: Griggs Steven , Howarth David
Published: January 2024

The conclusion reiterates our core arguments regarding the dialectical complexities of politicisation and depoliticisation, and explores the implications of the exemplary case of aviation and airport expansion for a wider set of social and political issues. The chapter begins by reflecting upon the power and grip of numbers and the logic of quantification in the construction and attempted resolution of the struggles to shape UK airports and aviation. It then explores the relationships between different technologies of government and depoliticisation; the role of legal institutions and spaces in structuring policy and campaigning; and the dilemmas and opportunities of political campaigning. Our focus then turns to the crucial dimension of politics in our story, where we examine the role of party politics, government and the state and campaigners and social movements in shaping airports policy, as well as the implications of our conclusions for democratic decision-making. In particular, we analyse the linkages between political costs and the creation and exercise of political will, showing how this factor played a crucial part in the explanation and development of the UK aviation policy regime. We conclude by restating our demands for the green transformation of aviation policy.
Introduction
Authors: Coulter Rory
Published: January 2024

This chapter explains why a new life course perspective on housing is needed. It begins by outlining the many functions housing plays within people’s lives; from satisfying basic biophysical needs through to providing a site for identity construction. Next, the chapter sketches how four constellations of macro-level forces – economic processes, demographic change, public policies and cultural trends – interact to drive institutionally mediated shifts in housing behaviours over time. The chapter argues that these macro-level forces change housing careers through their effects on four ‘proximate determinants’ of residential behaviour. These four proximate determinants are (1) aspirations and preferences, (2) resources and restrictions, (3) events and transitions, and (4) housing-related opportunities and constraints. The chapter concludes by outlining the rest of the book’s contents and its overarching structure.
Health, well-being and care
Authors: Coulter Rory
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic brought the importance of housing for health to the forefront of public debates about contemporary inequalities. This chapter uses Chapter 2’s life course conceptual toolbox to synthesise what we know about how housing careers interact with three crucial dimensions of health: (1) physical health and disability, (2) mental health and psychological well-being, and (3) health-related caring practices. The chapter argues that a life span perspective provides the most powerful way to understand the multifaceted interactions between housing and health in 21st-century Global North societies.
Escaping economic precarity
Authors: Repetti Marion , Calasanti Toni
Published: January 2024

This chapter uses collected data to discuss interlinkages between international retirement migration and economic precarity in later life resulting from disadvantages accumulated over the life course and intersecting systems of inequalities. We consider three components of retirement migrants’ living conditions: the welfare state policies that shape their lives and the provisions on which they rely; their present and past positions in the labour market; and their household composition. We perform our analysis upon data of both retirees who relocated before full retirement age and those who moved once they had reached this threshold. We consider the influence of specific global events, such as the recession of 2007–08, as well as the differences and similarities in how welfare states in home countries shaped retirees’ experiences of migration. Finally, we discuss some contexts in which economic precarity remains despite migration.
Health and assistance precarity in later life
Authors: Repetti Marion , Calasanti Toni
Published: January 2024

After affordability, healthcare is most important factor that retirees consider when they think about whether and where to migrate. Often subsumed under the rubric of healthcare is the need for daily assistance that can occur in later life even among people with no immediate need of medical care. As is discussed in this chapter, retirement migrants from the Global North are positioned to benefit from wide access to high-quality healthcare services made more affordable to them than they might otherwise be by global divisions of wealth. This postcolonial relation to care persists even though most of these migrants do not recognise their privileges in this regard. They are more likely to attribute their access to high-quality care to cultural differences, that is, to a respect and love for older people that they believe is intrinsic to the cultures of their host nations. This cheaper and better treatment extends to the potential need for assistance in later life as well. Although health and assistance can be related, they do not need to be, and thus in this chapter, we distinguish between these two dimensions of precarity. Throughout, we also attend to the fact that underlying their concerns for both healthcare and assistance is the reality that these migrants are older people; their age matters.
Retirement migration, precarity and age
Authors: Repetti Marion , Calasanti Toni
Published: January 2024

This chapter returns to the research issues that frame the book and provides a summary of our findings. We highlight the two main observations on which our study drew, namely, the fact that retirement migration is a growing phenomenon and that although precarity increasingly affects older people’s lives, existing literature on retirement migration has not focused on this. The chapter underscores the links in this study between retirement migration and economic insecurity, and how ageism shapes this. In addition, we highlight the role of ageism in the risk of social exclusion that older people face and how retirement migrants find the social context in their new country to be more inclusive of older people that in their home states. The chapter returns to the findings regarding the health and assistance precarity of retirement migrants, as well as how welfare states in the home and host countries shape experiences of migration, and the kinds of security that they seek. The chapter ends with a discussion of the dynamic nature of precarity and the implications of this observation for the future.
Bringing Home the Housing Crisis
Authors: Nowicki Mel
Published: January 2024

Bringing Home the Housing Crisis tells the story of the erosion of people’s rights to home in London. It does so through a focus on three case studies: the bedroom tax, the rise in family homelessness and temporary accommodation provision as its solution, and the criminalisation of squatting in a residential building. Using the concept of domicide – meaning the intentional destruction of home – it explores how who is and is not deemed deserving of home has been moulded and shaped by political rhetoric and housing policies. It does so through a classed lens, examining how the decimation of working-class and low-income people’s rights to home have been legitimised in the austerity era as decisions based on fairness. The book is about how the concept of home has ultimately shifted, from a place that is fundamental to human security and happiness, to a financial product. It is about the impacts of this shift on people’s everyday experiences of home. And it is about how they have sought to challenge and resist domicide. Methodologically, Bringing Home the Housing Crisis uses interviews, analysis of political speeches and political ethnography to centre the experiences of people living on the front lines of housing precarity in London.
The politicisation of home
Authors: Nowicki Mel
Published: January 2024

Chapter 1 outlines the concept of home and its political relevance. I begin by drawing on the work of feminist theorists to argue that the home is a highly political site. The chapter then turns to the interrelated concepts of stigma, precarity and domicide – the intentional destruction of home. I outline how I have extended the term to consider ‘socio-symbolic’ domicide – describing how the concept of home is manipulated and moralised to create narratives of people who are ‘deserving’ and ‘undeserving’ of it.
The chapter then traces the moralisation of home in the UK context. I focus on Margaret Thatcher’s premiership and the neoliberal turn of the 1970s and 80s. Through a discussion of Thatcher’s housing policy, I highlight how the concept of home was re-narrativised in this period, with a focus on private homeownership as the key to a successful home life, and therefore a successful nation. I go on to examine how this fundamental ideological shift continued through subsequent governments, with a focus on how this new vision of home was utilised by David Cameron’s Coalition/Conservative governments in the context of austerity. Finally, the chapter concludes by considering the continued usage of the home as a political tool.
Temporary is the new permanent: temporary accommodation policy and the rise of family homelessness
Authors: Nowicki Mel
Published: January 2024

Chapter 3 shifts focus to the private rented sector and growing policy emphasis on temporary accommodation provision. I begin by highlighting the increased prevalence of private renting. I look at how precarity is built into the private sector through a lack of regulation. The chapter highlights how this is a perfect storm in an era of austerity, where rising rents coupled with falling incomes have increased evictions and subsequently homelessness. I explore the impact of this on London families. The second part of the chapter turns to look at local and national approaches to addressing these issues through purpose-built temporary accommodation. I do so through an in-depth discussion of PLACE/Ladywell, a ‘pop-up’ temporary accommodation scheme in south London. I outline its successes, as well as concerns regarding the long-term benefits of the scheme. The chapter concludes with a discussion of increasingly pernicious forms of temporary accommodation provision. I caution against overemphasis of temporary accommodation policy as a homelessness solution – even those that are high quality. I argue that focus on purpose-built temporary accommodation, even if well-intentioned, ultimately further normalises working-class and low-income people as undeserving of secure homes.
What is theory?
Authors: Hammond Michael
Published: January 2024

If we are looking at the question ‘How can we theorise better?’, then we need to start by looking at the idea of theory. In fact theory is a slippery concept. So what then is theory? This first chapter addresses the following questions: • What is the problem with theory? • How theory appears in different types of research • What is a theoretical contribution and are we making one? • Is theorising then making it up?
What is theorising?
Authors: Hammond Michael
Published: January 2024

In Chapter 1 theory was described as a multi-faceted concept but carried within it a common idea: theory abstracted from the data in order to explain what was happening and why it was happening. Moreover, a theoretical explanation was expected to contribute to a discourse about technology and learning, and make justifiable, critically aware claims backed up with content knowledge and knowledge of research methodology. This chapter builds on Chapter 1 by showing how researchers might go about the work of developing theory and, more specifically, how they might move from describing to explaining what they have found. It is divided into three sections, which cover: differences between describing and explaining; how theorising requires another way of thinking; validity and reliability when making theoretical claims.
Reimagining the Open Court in the Time of Pandemic: Towards ‘Portal Justice’ and ‘Broadcast Justice’
Authors: Moore Sarah
Published: January 2024

In the United Kingdom in 2016, the government embarked on an ambitious programme of court reform, at the heart of which is the dismantling of the physical court estate and its replacement with a new digital infrastructure to facilitate online management of cases and virtual hearings. COVID-19 accelerated this shift. Roughly half of court buildings in England and Wales were closed during the height of the pandemic, with face-to-face hearings reserved for priority cases and remote hearings held wherever possible. All this begs some critical questions. How have emergency court measures dealt with the demands of visibility and timeliness? What lessons might we draw concerning the opportunities and challenges of remote hearings? And what might post-pandemic justice look like in the criminal courts? This chapter seeks to answer these questions, and in doing so it identifies two distinctive forms of emerging justice that are taking the place of the open court: ‘portal justice’ and ‘broadcast justice’.
Reciprocity and interdependence: enabling institutions
Authors: Murphy Mary P.
Published: January 2024

Chapter 4 explores the interdependence between people’s agency ‘to do and be’ and the societal, culture and structural institutions that mediate their lives. It explores how institutions act as constraints and enablers to structure our political, economic and social interactions, influencing our opportunities, enabling and constraining our agency and often exacerbating social divisiveness. It argues new institutions need capacity to promote new norms, or revive old ones, and counter behaviours and beliefs that maintain myths of individualism, competition, consumption and selfishness. This chapter establishes the need for a balanced ecosocial settlement with institutions that can creatively balance reciprocity, freedom and our collective interdependence. It discusses how particularly local institutions need to reimagine work and care, enable or facilitate autonomy, and work collaboratively through a culture of co-production, collaboration and participation. Enabling institutions need to facilitate socially useful and environmentally sustainable work, enabling social inclusion policy and employment in the care and social economies. This latter theme is explored in the Irish case study in the third section of this chapter.