bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The state of the guanylate cyclase mechanism of vasodilatation before and after thyroidectomy in the patients presenting with toxic goiter
Authors: Ilyicheva E A , Tarnueva I F , Pivovarov Yu I , Koryakina L B , Chizhova E A
Published: January 2015

The state of the guanylate cyclase activity of myocytes was evaluated from the increment in the diameter of the brachial artery in response to the exogenous administration of nitroglycerin (#D^NO) in 64 samples obtained from 44 patients. A total of 23 studies were carried out during thyrotoxicosis decompensation, 28 ones in the phase of medicamental thyrotoxicosis, and 13 within 5-6 days after thyroidectomy. The guanylate cyclase activity of myocytes was found to correlate with the production of vascular endothelium factors. Thyroidectomy in the patients with toxic goiter and reduced guanylate cyclase activity of myocytes was associated with the statistically significant increase of endothelium-independent vasodilatation.
The methods for the characteristic of adipose tissue in the organism and their clinical significance
Authors: Okorokov P L , Vasyukova O V , Vorontsov A V
Published: January 2015

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Change of volume somatotropinpma in patients received Оctreotid-depot
Authors: Dreval A V , Ilovayskaya I A , Pokramovich Yu G , Stashuk G A , Abramenko A S , Tishenina R S
Published: January 2015

According to foreign data somatotropinoma volume reduction was noted more than at a half of the patients receiving somatostatin analogs within 12 months as the first line of acromegaly treatment, however there is no data about tumor-supp ressive effect of Octreotid-depot. We assessed somatotropinoma volume during Octreotid-depot treatment in patients with an active acromegaly, and also tried to indentify possible predictors of tumor volume reduction during somastatin analogs treatment. Open prospective study include 18 patients with acromegaly (16 women, 2 men, age from 22 till 76 years old); after non-radical adenomectomy (n=5) and as first line of treatment (n=13). Patients received Octreotid-depot continuously within 12 months. Brain MRI was carried out before and after 12 months of Octreotid-depot therapy. Change of tumor volume for ≥20% from initial was interpreted as "significant". The GH level ≤2,5 ng/ml and the normal IGF-1 level were noted in 7 (38,9%) patients; GH ≤;2,5 ng/ml either the normal IGF-1 level, or simultaneous decrease in the GH and IGF-1 levels more than 50% from initial - in 8 (44,4%) patients, absence of effect from treatment - in other 3 cases. Significant tumor volume reduction was found in 12 (66,7%) of 18 cases, and degree of reduction varied from 23 to 97% (median 42% [38; 74%]); stabilization of the a tumor volume - in 5 (28%) patients; insignificant change of the sizes of a tumor (-7% and +12,5%) in other 2 patients. It wasn't revealed essential correlations between degree of tumor volume reduction and the GH and IGF-1 levels before and after somatostatin analog treatment, and also initial tumor volume.
Predictors of the development of postoperative hypocalcemia following thyroidectomy in the patients presenting with non-toxic multinodular goiter
Authors: Simakina O V , Latkina N V , Kolesnikova G S , Ilyin A V , Kuznetsov N S
Published: January 2015

Postoperative hypocalcemia is a most frequent complication following thyroidectomy in the patients presenting with non-toxic multinodular goiter. It may require long-term hospitalization, additional treatment, a large number of analyses, and frequent visits to outpatient facilities. The objective of the present study was to identify the predictors of postoperative hypoparathyroidism for the prevention of the development of hypocalcemia and its medicamental correction. The clinical data were collected prospectively during the period from October 2011 till May 2013. A total of 140 patients were available for the observation after thyroidectomy performed for the management of non-toxic multinodular goiter. Indications for the surgical intervention included cervical compression syndrome and a cosmetic defect. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the serum calcium level in the postoperative period. Group 1 (n=45) was comprised of the patients having the serum calcium level 2.00 mmol/l or lower, group 2 (n=95) included the patients showing the serum calcium level above 2.00 mmol/l. In addition, serum 25(OH) vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured in all the patients pre- and postoperatively. The preoperative 25(OH)D level and postoperative calcium and PTH levels in the patients of group 1 were significantly lower than in group 2 (p=0.001). It was shown that the main prognostic factors of postoperative hypocalcemia are the preoperative 25(OH)D level below 15 ng/ml (p<0.001), postoperative PTH level below 10 pg/ml (p=0.01), and the age above 50 years (p=0.01). It is concluded that in the majority of the patients the age, the low serum 25(OH)D level in the preoperative period, and the low postoperative PTH level are significantly related to the development of postoperative hypocalcemia.
Functional morphology of gonads under conditions of antipsychotic therapy
Authors: Volkov B P
Published: January 2015

Gonadotoxic side effects of antipsychotic agents are known to cause serious disturbances in both germinative and endocrine testicular functions. The hormonal activity of the testes undergo undulating changes whereas the germinative function progressively decreases from the onset of neuroleptic therapy. The morphological and functional disturbances in the testicles are especially well pronounced after 10 years of antipsychotic treatment. The morphofunctional changes in the ovaries become apparent from the very beginning of antipsychotropic therapy; they are indicative of the progressive impairment of reproductive and endocrine functions of the female gonads.
Evaluation of explosion loading effects on concrete infrastructures using ABAQUS software
Authors: Rahimi Abolfazl
Published: January 2015

One of the most important facilities of a country is Fluid Reservoirs which should be secured against different damage of explosion.  Reservoir structural failure after explosion not only could lead to economic losses, but also could cause water shortage and toxic leakage. In this paper a reservoir is modeled in ABAQUS software. The results for displacements and deformations, energy dissipation of various forms and principal stresses are illustrated.
Debate about the Šumava National Park in the Czech Chamber of Deputies
Authors: Skalík Jan
Published: January 2015

This study focuses on the content of the complete transcripts of parliamentary debates about National Park Šumava (ŠNP) in the Chamber of Deputies between 1990 and 2013. The study shows that politicians have been using the situation in the ŠNP to support their political strategies. During the parliamentary debates they refer to the regional atmosphere while highlighting peripheral character of the region and exclusion of local people from decision-making. They ignore plurality of conditions in the area and role of politics in the construction of the problem. The study also summarizes the legislative proposals relating to ŠNP through examination of evolution of accents and dictions in different bills and description of legislative process. Basic patterns and roles represented in the discussion are analysed, as well as the way they are reflected in the conceptual framing of the topic and accents of legislative proposals. The study concludes that scientific approach, reducing political influence on the territory, gradually disappears from the content of parliamentary debates and from the mission statement of the bills on ŠNP.
Propojení přírodovědného a environmentálního vzdělávání
Authors: Wals Arjen , Brody Michael , Dillon Justin , Stevenson Robert B.
Published: January 2015

What is written about in Science journal? A paraphrase of the article: Wals, Arjen E. J., Michael Brody, Justin Dillon, Robert B. Stevenson (2014). Convergence Between Science and Environmental Education. Science, 344(6184), 583–584. DOI: 10.1126/science.1250515Published with permission of the Science journal.
Is the Small Size of a Breast Cancer Tumor the Crucial Point for Successful Medical Treatment?
Authors: Strunová Marie , Pavlišta David , Kobilková Jitka , Pokorný Jiří , Janoušek Miloslav , Bauerová Lenka , Jandová Anna
Published: January 2015

The presented case displays a clinical study of a cancer phenotype with a poor clinical outcome. Prediction of cancer development and effects of treatment at the beginning of the clinical stage is difficult as the knowledge of cancer process and all necessary parameters of the host body are limited. Cancer is mainly studied on the basis of biochemical-genetic processes and their morphological manifestation. However, the malignant process is assumed to be of essential biophysical nature and develops after mitochondrial dysfunction, which is a direct result of oncogene mutation. Cancers based on the normal and the reverse Warburg effect should be distinguished. The cancer tumors with the reverse Warburg effect display aggressiveness associated with a high rate of recurrence and metastatic implantation. Besides the nature of the two basic types of breast cancer tumors the outcome depends not only on their type, size, and site but also on reactions and interaction with the surrounding tissue and the body aptitude for metastatic activity connected with individual blood or lymphatic vessels for metastatic transport. It is necessary to assess all favourable and adverse factors for cancer development. General reliable method of their specification for all cancers is not available. Nevertheless, the main factor seems to be aggressiveness of cancer cells as follows from interpretation. To reveal the aggressive reverse Warburg effect tumors, metabolic biomarkers of the fibroblast stress should be examined.
Reflections on a “Heavenly Chorus [that] Sings with a Strong [Male] Upper Class Accent”
Authors: Suárez Sandra L.
Published: January 2015

When it comes to our understanding of the distribution and exercise of political power in the US, does it matter that women have not been able to break the glass ceiling? Most political decisions in the US are shaped by the preferences of elites. However, despite of important economic gains women continue to play a minor, and rather peripheral role, in the US business elite, with very few of them appointed to top management or to the CEO position, and an even smaller number belonging to the inner circle of corporate board directors. In parallel, the number of women who are millionaires is on the increase, but their impact on the political process is still small. Women are the majority of eligible and actual voters, and non-elite and elite women in particular have different political preferences than men – especially in the areas of social spending. However, in spite of the increased concerns with the high levels of inequality in the US, little or no change can be expected if women's voices continue to be drowned by the overwhelming male presence in the commanding heights of the business landscape.
Standard and non-standard deformation behaviour of European beech and Norway spruce during compression
Authors: Brabec Martin , Tippner Jan , Sebera Václav , Milch Jaromír , Rademacher Peter
Published: January 2015

The goal of the study is to investigate the non-standard deformation behaviour of wood loaded by compression parallel to the grain. This is represented as a negative increment of strain in the range of plastic deformations when the load continues to increase. The objectives of this study are to point out this problem and to provide its description based on the deformation fields that have been analysed using three approaches: a) full-field optical technique based on digital image correlation (DIC); b) “clip on” extensometer and its virtual analogy, and c) crosshead displacement method. Further, the negative strain phenomenon was studied depending on the sample length. The samples were made from the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.). Based on the strain analysis, it can be concluded that the deformation field consists of three sub-regions exhibiting different stiffness values (three-spring model). The failure of less stiff zones near the compression plates during the “non-standard” compression behaviour causes almost zero compression deformation of the stiffer middle zone or even leads to its expansion. The three-zone heterogeneity of deformation field induces a deviation of the displacement and strain measured by the proposed approaches. This phenomenon substantially influences the resulting longitudinal Young’s modulus and, therefore, should be of concern when measuring wood in such mode.
CARACTERÍSTICAS DA PRÁTICA DE ATIVIDADES FÍSICAS DESPORTIVAS EM PRÉ-ADOLESCENTES EM ARACAJU (Versão original em português)
Authors: Aragão Iuri Roseno Matos , Macedo Ricardo Fontes , De-Bortoli Robelius
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as características das atividades físicas e / ou de esporte praticadas e de preferência em pré-adolescentes. Este é um estudo transversal, empírico e descritivo. A amostra foi composta de 145 estudantes entre 11-14 anos de idade, homens e mulheres. A idade média foi de 12,72 ± 1,19 anos, 66 do sexo masculino (12,59 ± 1,23 anos) e 79 do sexo feminino (12,83 ± 1,16 anos). A amostra foi entre o ano de grau 6 e 9 do Ensino Fundamental. Foi aplicado um questionário de 12 perguntas com questões fechadas e abertas propostas especificamente para este estudo. Os principais resultados indicam que os meninos realizam atividades físicas e / ou de esporte fora da escola há mais tempo, mais dias por semana e horas por dia do que as meninas. A motivação para a prática fora da escola foi por causa de preferências pessoais. Os indivíduos permanecem muito tempo em atividades individuais, como assistir à TV, usar o computador e jogar videogames, em detrimento de atividades coletivas, como brincar com os amigos, estas foram as preferências expressas pelo grupo. A escola é o local preferido para a prática de atividades físicas e / ou de esporte. As preferências dos meninos foram atividades de grupo (futebol) e as preferências das meninas atividades individuais (natação). Por isso, todo o mundo quer saber e aprender outros esportes, o que indica potencial para futuras intervenções.
Vascular plants from Kunashiri Island, the southernmost island of the Kuril Islands, island arc between Hokkaido and Kamchatka peninsula
Authors: Fukuda Tomoko , Yamagishi Hiroki , Loguntsev Andrei , Barkalov Vyacheslav Yu. , Ishikawa Yukio
Published: January 2015

Vascular plants of the Kunashiri Island, the southernmost island of the Kuril Islands, were inventoried during an expedition to Kunashiri, 19–25 July 2013. This study was conducted as a part of the Sika Deer (Cervus nippon yezoensis) management program in Shiretoko World Natural Heritage Site, to assess vegetation damage under strong browsing pressure by the deer. A checklist of the vascular plants was made from each study locality. As Kunashiri Island is very close to Shiretoko Heritage Site, with similar climatic and geographical conditions, this plant list will provide a preliminary comparison of the floral composition between Kunashiri and Shiretoko or Hokkaido. Our research revealed that vegetation is well preserved on Kunashiri, and this floral list will serve as a reference of the original floral composition of Shiretoko World Natural Heritage Site prior to damage by deer.
Changing Minds: Religion And Cognition Through The Ages, edited by Istvan Czachesz and Tamas Biro. Groningen Studies in Cultural Change 42. Peeters, 2012. 260pp., pb. €48.00. ISBN-13: 9789042925533.
Authors: Bulbulia Joseph
Published: January 2015

Book review.
FUNÇÃO DE PRODUÇÃO DA BERINJELA IRRIGADA EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO..
Authors: Bilibio Carolina , Carvalho Jacinto De A. , Martins Minella , Rezende Fatima C. , Freitas Wellington Alves de , Gomes Luis A. A.
Published: January 2015

Diferentes lâminas de irrigação foram aplicadas durante o desenvolvimento da berinjela (Solanum melongena L.) com o objetivo de estabelecer estratégias ótimas de irrigação para a cultura, considerando diferentes valores para o preço do produto e custos da energia elétrica. Foi realizado um experimento com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos e 6 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de 5 diferentes lâminas de irrigação, 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da lâmina de reposição de água até a condição de capacidade de campo. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças significativas para todas as variáveis analisadas, diâmetro do caule, altura das plantas e produtividade. A produção total (kg.planta-1) apresentou uma resposta quadrática aos tratamentos e o custo uma função linear. O tratamento que promoveu a maior produtividade foi o de 229 litros.planta-1 e o tratamento que promoveu o maior retorno econômico foi o de 227 litros.planta-1. Por fim, concluiu-se que de acordo com condições analisadas, as irrigações podem ser realizadas para atingir a produtividade máxima da cultura e que variação na relação de preços (Pw/Py), não influenciou proporcionalmente a lâmina recomendada para a obtenção da máxima eficiência econômica.   UNITERMOS: manejo de irrigação, berinjela, produtividade     BILIBIO, C.; CARVALHO, J. de A.; MARTINS, M.; REZENDE, F. C.; FREITAS, W. A. de F.; GOMES, L. A. A. IRRIGATED EGGPLANT CROP FUNCTION IN PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT     2 ABSTRACT   Different irrigation depths were applied during eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) development in order to establish optimum crop irrigation strategies, considering different values for product price and energy costs. The experiment was carried out in a totally random experimental design with 5 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments consisted of 5 different irrigation depths: 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the water replacement depths until field capacity condition. The results showed significant differences for all the analyzed variables: stem diameter, plant height, and yield. The total crop (kg.plant-1) showed a square response to the treatments, whereas the cost showed a linear function; the treatment of 229 liters per plant showed the highest yield, whereas the treatment of 227 liters per plant provided the highest investment turnover. Finally, we concluded that, according to the analyzed conditions, irrigations may be carried out in order to reach the maximum crop yield; also, the variation in price relationship (Pw/Py) did not proportionally affect the depth recommended to obtain the maximum economic efficiency.   KEYWORDS: irrigation management, yield, energy costs
UTILIZAÇÃO DE ÁGUAS SALOBRAS NO CULTIVO HIDROPÔNICO DA ALFACE
Authors: Santos Rafaelly Suzanye , Dantas Daniel Da Costa , Nogueira Fabiola Pascoal , Dias Nildo Da Silva , Neto Miguel Ferreira , Gurgel Marcelo Tavares
Published: January 2015

A salinidade é um problema sério para a agricultura, pois limita o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas sensíveis. A tolerância das culturas à salinidade é influenciada por diversos fatores, incluindo estágio de crescimento, condições ambientais, espécies e cultivares de uma mesma espécie. Foram testados três salinidades da água no preparo da solução nutritiva (0,5; 3,0 e 6,0 dS m-1) em três cultivares de alface (Babá de verão, Verônica e Quatro estações) em sistema hidropônico sob condições protegidas com a finalidade de avaliar a tolerância das cultivares à salinidade. Não foram observados diferenças entre as cultivares estudadas quanto à salinidade da água de irrigação. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação provocou redução do número de folhas e da matéria seca da parte aérea.   UNITERMOS: Lactuca sativa L., solução nutritiva, condutividade elétrica.     SANTOS, R. S.; DANTAS, D. C.; NOGUEIRA, F. P.; DIAS, N. S.; FERREIRA NETO, M.; GURGEL. M. T. BRACKISH WATER USE ON HYDROPONIC LETTUCE     2 ABSTRACT   Salinity is a serious problem for agriculture because it can limit the growth and development of salt-sensitive plants. Salt tolerance is affected by several factors, including the growth stage, environmental conditions, species and cultivar variation for each species. In order to compare salt tolerance, three water salinity levels were used to prepare nutrient solutions (0.5; 3.0 and 6.0 dS m-1) and were applied on three different lettuce cultivars in a hydroponic system under greenhouse (cvs. Babá de verão, Verônica and Quatro estações). Differences in salt tolerance of the nutrient solutions were not observed for the studied cultivars. The salinity increase in the nutrient solutions reduced the leaf number and dry matter biomass.   KEYWORDS: Lactuca sativa L., soil solution, electric conductivity.
DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DA ÁGUA APLICADA POR EQUIPAMENTOS AUTOPROPELIDOS DE IRRIGAÇÃO - PARTE II: VALIDAÇÃO DO SIMULASOFT
Authors: Prado Giuliani Do , Colombo Alberto
Published: January 2015

São apresentados resultados da validação analítica e experimental do aplicativo computacional SIMULASOFT, que simula a distribuição espacial da lâmina de água aplicada por equipamentos autopropelidos de irrigação. Para validação analítica, foram calculados valores de lâmina e uniformidade de aplicação de água, considerando-se um aspersor com perfil radial de formato triangular, em deslocamento linear com velocidade constante, operando com ângulos de giro de 270º e 360º. A comparação entre valores gerados analiticamente e pelo aplicativo demonstrou a equivalência dos dois processos. Valores de lâmina de água aplicados, observados em quatro ensaios de campo, realizados com um carretel enrolador dotado de um aspersor, da marca SIME®, modelo Big-River, quando comparados com valores produzidos pelo aplicativo, para as mesmas condições observadas nos ensaios de campo, apresentaram um coeficiente de determinação médio de 91,3%. Nas comparações entre os valores de coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen, simulados e observados em campo, verificou-se um erro relativo médio de 3,6%.   UNITERMOS: ensaios de uniformidade, simulação matemática, aspersores     PRADO, G. do; COLOMBO, A. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF  WATER APPLIED BY TRAVELER iRRIGATIOn MACHINES - Part II: SIMULASOFT VALIDATION     2 ABSTRACT   Results from both analytical and experimental validation of Simulasoft, a software that simulates spatial distribution of  water applied by traveler irrigation machines, are presented. For the analytical validation, values of applied water depth and irrigation uniformity were input considering a sprinkler which presented radial water application profile and had triangular shape, moving along a straight line at constant speed and operating with wetted sectors of 270º and 360º. Comparisons among analytically input values and simulated ones have demonstrated that the two procedures are equivalent. When water depth values determined at four field tests of a traveler irrigation machine, set with a SIME® sprinkler, Big-River model, were compared to simulated values considering the operational conditions observed at field tests, a 91.3% determination coefficient was found. Comparisons among field observed and simulated Christiansen uniformity coefficient values showed that the relative error has a 3.6% average value. KEYWORDS: uniformity tests, irrigation uniformity, sprinklers
CONSUMO E CUSTO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA NA CULTURA DE CITROS IRRIGADO POR GOTEJAMENTO E MICROASPERSÃO, COM TRÊS LÂMINAS DE ÁGUA.
Authors: Vescove Humberto Vinicius , Turco Jose Eduardo Pitelli
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o consumo, custo de energia elétrica, e resultado econômico em citros (Citrus sinensis) irrigado.  Os tratamentos constaram de sistemas de irrigação do tipo gotejamento, com uma e duas linhas laterais de distribuição de água, microaspersão e um tratamento sem irrigação. Para cada sistema foram utilizadas três lâminas de água; 100%, 75% e 50% da Etc (evapotranspiração da cultura). Foi estudado o custo da energia elétrica para dois grupos tarifários, Grupo A e Grupo B. Para o grupo A foram determinado os dispêndios com a energia para tarifas Estrutura Binômia Convencional e Horo-Sazonal (verde e azul), além, da tarifa especial para irrigante noturno. Os preços do kWh dos sistemas tarifários foram obtidos no site CPFL (Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz).  A melhor relação entre o consumo de energia elétrica por ha (kWh.ha-1) pela produtividade (t.ha-1) foi observado nos tratamentos irrigados com 50% da Etc. O sistema tarifário horo sazonal verde/azul Grupo A  irrigante noturno teve o menor custo de energia. Os tratamentos irrigados com lâmina de 50% apresentaram maiores produtividade em relação à lâmina de 100% da Etc. O maior retorno econômico ocorreu nos tratamentos irrigados com 50% da Etc.   UNITERMOS: sistemas de irrigação, lâminas de irrigação, sistemas tarifários de energia.     VESCOVE, H. V.; TURCO, J. E. P. ELETRIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND COST IN CITRUS  CROP IRRIGATED BY DUP AND MICROSPRINKLER IRRIGATION UNDER  THREE WATER DEPTHS.     2 ABSTRACT   The objective of this work was to analyze the consumption, electric energy cost, and economic results of irrigated citrus (Citrus sinensis). The treatments consisted of a dripping irrigation system with one and two lateral distribution lines, a micro sprinkler irrigation system and a treatment without irrigation. For each irrigation system, three water depths were used: 100%, 75% and 50% of Etc (citrus evapotranspiration). The electric energy cost for two tariff groups, Group A and Group B, was studied. For Group A, the expenses with energy were determined for the Conventional Binomial Structure tariff, the Hour-seasonal tariff (green and blue) and the special tariff for nocturnal irrigation. The kWh cost for the tariff systems were obtained from the website of CPFL (São Paulo State Power and Light Company, Brazil). The best relation between the electric energy consumption (kWh.ha-1) and productivity (t.ha-1) occurred in the treatment irrigated with 50% of the Etc. The irrigated treatments increased productivity. The biggest productivity was observed in the irrigation treatments with 50% of the Etc when compared to the ones with 100% of the Etc. The blue and green Hour-seasonal tariff system of Group A (nocturnal irrigation) was the best option. A biggest economic turnover occurred in the treatments irrigated with 50% of the Etc.   KEYWORDS: irrigation systems, irrigation depths, tariff systems of energy.
RETENÇÃO DE ÁGUA PELO DOSSEL DO FEIJOEIRO IRRIGADO POR ASPERSÃO
Authors: Junior Jose Alves , Silveira Pedro Marques da , Stone Luiz Fernando , Cunha Paulo Cesar Ribeiro da
Published: January 2015

O conhecimento da retenção de água pela parte aérea das plantas é importante para fins de manejo da irrigação e quimigação (alvo folha). Este trabalho objetivou estimar o volume de água por hectare retido no dossel da cultura do feijoeiro sob uma lâmina de irrigação aplicada via pivô central. Foi semeada a cultivar de feijão Pérola, nos períodos de verão, outono e inverno, no espaçamento de 0,45 m entre linhas, com 15 sementes por metro. As avaliações foram realizadas em 10 plantas, em cinco estádios fenológicos. A quantidade de água retida nas folhas das plantas foi estimada pela diferença de massa após secagem com compressor de ar. A área foliar foi avaliada em cada amostragem utilizando o medidor LICOR, modelo 3100. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de regressão. Os resultados mostraram que conhecido o índice de área foliar (IAF) é possível estimar o volume de água retida no dossel do feijoeiro (V, L ha-1) utilizando a expressão, V= 648,12*IAF. A aplicação da lâmina média de água de 8,1 mm proporcionou perdas médias de água por interceptação foliar de aproximadamente 2,5%.   UNITERMOS: Phaseolus vulgaris, área foliar, manejo da irrigação, pivô central.     ALVES JUNIOR, J.; SILVEIRA, P. M. da; STONE, L. F.; CUNHA, P. C. R. da. CANOPY WATER RETENTION OF BEAN IRRIGATED BY SPRINKLER SYSTEM     2ABSTRACT    Knowing the amount of water retained by common bean leaves is important for irrigation and chemigation purposes. This study was carried out in order to estimate the volume of water retained in common bean leaves per unit area (ha), under a center pivot irrigation depth. Pérola common bean cultivar was sown in the  summer, autumn and winter crop season at 0.45 m between rows and 15 plants per meter. 10 plants were measured at five phenological stages. The amount of water retained in the bean leaves was obtained by the difference between total plant weight (measured after irrigation) and dry plant weight (measured after drying with air). The total plant leaf area was evaluated for each sampling period using a leaf area meter LICOR, model 3100. Data were submitted to regression analyses. Results indicated that the water retained in bean leaves (V, L ha-1) can be estimated using a leaf area index (V=648.12*LAI). The application of average water depth of 8.1 mm allowed 2.5% of average water losses by foliar interception.   KEYWORDS: Phaseolus vulgaris, leaf area, irrigation management, central pivot.
EFEITO DA CHUVA SOBRE A AÇÃO DO HERBICIDA IMAZAPYR NO CONTROLE DE PLANTAS DANINHAS AQUÁTICAS.
Authors: Campos Caio Ferraz de , Souza Guilherme Sasso Ferreira de , Pereira Maria Renata Rocha , Martins Dagoberto
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes períodos de chuva ocorridos após a aplicação do herbicida imazapyr, em sua eficiência de controle sobre plantas de Pistia stratiotes e Eichhornia crassipes. Foram estudadas chuvas de 10 mm, aplicadas durante 5', em diferentes períodos de tempo (0h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h e não simulação de chuva) após a aplicação de imazapyr, na formulação Arsenal NA, a 250 g i.a. ha-1(1,0 L p.c. ha-1). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. As plantas foram avaliadas visualmente aos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após a aplicação (DAA), sendo os resultados obtidos submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias dos tratamentos comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05). A ocorrência chuvas em até 6 horas após a aplicação do herbicida imazapyr, em plantas de P. stratiotes, afetou negativamente sua eficiência de controle e, chuvas após intervalos acima de 8 horas não influenciaram no controle. A ocorrência de chuva em todos os intervalos de tempo, não interferiu no controle de plantas de E. crassipes.   UNITERMOS: aguapé, alface-d'água, controle químico, fitointoxicação     CAMPOS, C.F.; SOUZA, G.S.F.; PEREIRA, M.R.R.; MARTINS, D. EFFECT OF RAINFALL ON  IMAZAPYR  ACTION IN AQUATIC WEED CONTROL     2 ABSTRACT   The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different periods of rainfall that occurred after the application of the imazapyr herbicide on the control efficiency of Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes. We studied 10 mm rainfall, applied for 5' at different time periods (0h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, not simulated rainfall) after the application of imazapyr formulation Arsenal NA, 250 g ai ha-1 (1.0 L cp ha -1). The experiment had completely randomized design with four replications. Plants were evaluated at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after application (DAA), and the results submitted to analysis of variance by F test and treatment means compared by Tukey's test (p <0. 05). The occurrence of rainfall up to 6 hours after herbicide application, plants of P. stratiotes, negatively affected its efficiency and control; rainfall intervals over 8 hours had no effect in control. The occurrence of rainfall at all time intervals  did not affect the control of E. crassipes plants.  KEYWORDS: water hyacinth, waterlettuce, chemical control, phytotoxicity
EFICIÊNCIA DO REUSO DE ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS NA IRRIGAÇÃO DA CULTURA DO MILHO.
Authors: Javarez Júnior Antonio , Pires Ribeiro Túlio Assunção , De Paula Júnior Durval Rodrigues
Published: January 2015

Este trabalho apresenta uma alternativa para o tratamento de esgotos domésticos de pequenas comunidades, com a aplicação do efluente no solo para a cultura do milho. O experimento é constituído de sistemas modulares, que são compostos por dois reatores anaeróbios, um reator UASB e outro reator anaeróbio compartimentado (RAC), ambos combinados com quatro filtros anaeróbios. Os sistemas funcionaram, utilizando-se os seus efluentes como fonte de nutrientes para a cultura do milho. Foram feitos dois tratamentos testemunhas, sendo um em sequeiro (sem irrigação) e outro com suplementação hídrica, através de um sistema de irrigação por sulcos. Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento da cultura e sua respectiva produtividade em dois ciclos. Utilizaram-se sistemas modulares por ser uma maneira adequada e viável de promover o tratamento sanitário do esgoto de pequenas comunidades com o objetivo de maior e melhor preservação do meio ambiente. O emprego desta técnica propicia a vantagem de diminuição nos custos de produção e aumento na produtividade do milho, obtendo-se valores de 6307 e 6593 kg ha-1 na safrinha com efluente do UASB e RAC respectivamente, e na entressafra de 6323 e 5424 kg ha-1.   Palavras-chave: tratamento de esgoto, sistemas modulares, reatores anaeróbios, disposição no solo, reuso. Efficiency of wastewater reuse for irrigation of corn.   Abstract This paper presents an alternative for the treatment of domestic sewage from small communities, with the application of effluent in the soil for growing corn. The experiment consists of modular systems, which are composed of two anaerobic reactors, one UASB reactor and another a compartmented anaerobic reactor (CAR) both combined with four anaerobic filters. The systems were operated, using the effluent as a source of nutrients for the corn crop. Two control treatments were operated, one being rainfed (no irrigation) and another with water supply, through a system of furrow irrigation. We evaluated the development of culture and its productivity in two cycles. The use of modular systems are an appropriate and viable way to promote the sanitary treatment of wastewater from small communities with the goal of greater and better preservation of the environment. The use of this technique provides the advantage of lower production costs and increased productivity of maize, and the values of 6307 and 6593 kg ha-1 for second season with the effluent of UASB and CAR, respectively, and in dry season of 6323 and 5424 kg ha-1. Keywords: sewage treatment, modular systems, anaerobic reactors, wastewater disposal, reuse.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE ESTRESSE HÍDRICO EM CULTURA DO FEIJOEIRO COM TERMÔMETRO DE INFRAVERMELHO
Authors: Fernandes Edemo João
Published: January 2015

Por intermédio de um termômetro infravermelho portátil foram realizadas leituras diárias de temperaturas da cobertura vegetal e do ar em cultura do feijoeiro submetida a quatro regimes de dotação hídrica, a fim de se calcular o Índice de Estresse Hídrico Diário (IEHD). Com exceção da Testemunha (sem irrigação), todos os outros regimes de aplicação de água não ocasionaram estresse hídrico na cultura. A maior produtividade foi obtida pelo tratamento que teve o menor número de irrigações e, entre os tratamentos que tiveram o mesmo número de irrigações, a maior produtividade foi obtida com o que recebeu maior quantidade de água aplicada. A maior freqüência de aplicação de água não resultou em maior produtividade. As metodologias utilizadas para o planejamento das irrigações foram eficientes para a reposição de água no solo. O índice de estresse hídrico diário (IEH) foi eficaz na indicação do estresse hídrico da cultura, apresentando sempre valores negativos em condições de umidade do solo favorável ao desenvolvimento da cultura.UNITERMOS: Estresse hídrico, termômetro infravermelho, irrigação, feijão.  FERNANDES, E.J. WATER STRESS INDEX DETERMINATION ON BEAN CROP WITH INFRARED THERMOMETRY  2. ABSTRACT In order to calculate the daily stress degree of a bean crop submitted to four water regime applications, cover crop and air daily measurements temperatures were accomplished by using a hand-held infrared thermometer. The treatments did not present crop water stress except the control (without irrigation). The highest yield was obtained by the treatment that received less irrigation frequency, and among the treatments that had the same number of irrigation. The largest yield was obtained with the one that received larger amount of applied water. The largest irrigation frequency did not result in larger productivity. The methodologies used for the irrigation planning were efficient for the replacement of soil water. The daily stress degree index was effective in determining crop water stress; and it was reliable presenting negative values in good water soil condition.  KEYWORDS: Water stress, infrared thermometer, irrigation, bean.
INFLUÊNCIA DA APLICAÇÃO DE VINHAÇA NA CAPACIDADE DE INFILTRAÇÃO DE UM SOLO DE TEXTURA FRANCO ARENOSA
Authors: Dalri Alexandre Barcellos , Cortez Glauco Eduardo Pereira , Riul Luis Guilherme Senarese , Araújo Jairo Augusto Campos , Cruz Raimundo Leite
Published: January 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes lâminas de vinhaça na infiltração de água no solo e verificar a adequação dos modelos de Horton e Kostiakov-Lewis na estimativa da taxa de infiltração. Os tratamentos corresponderam à aplicação de cinco doses de vinhaça (0, 200, 250, 300 e 350 m3.ha-1). A aplicação de vinhaça propiciou uma redução da taxa de infiltração básica do respectivo solo em estudo, causando efeito negativo para essa característica, pois, eleva o risco de erosão do solo e majora a possibilidade do escoamento superficial. O modelo de Horton propiciou o melhor ajuste sobre os dados observados, e o modelo de Kostiakov-Lewis superestimou os valores da taxa de infiltração.   UNITERMOS: vinhaça, infiltração, solo.     DALRI, A.B.; CORTEZ, G.E.P.; RIUL, L.G.S.; ARAÚJO, J.A.C.; CRUZ, R.L. VINASSE APPLICATION INFLUENCE ON INFILTRATION CAPACITY OF SANDY LOAM SOIL     2 ABSTRACT   The objective of this study was to analyze effects in different depth in soil water infiltration and to verify the Horton and Kostiakov-Lewis models adequacy in infiltration rate estimate. The treatments were five doses of vinasse (0, 200, 250, 300 and 350 m³.ha¹). The vinasse application reduced the soil erosion risk increasing the possibility of runoff. The Horton model had the best adjustment on the observed data, and the Kostiakov-Lewis model overestimated the infiltration rate values.   KEYWORDS: vinasse, infiltration, soil.
DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA SOLUÇÃO NO SOLO APLICADO POR GOTEJAMENTO ENTERRADO E SUPERFICIAL
Authors: Barros Allan Cunha de , Folegatti Marcos Vinícius , Souza Claudinei Fonseca , Santoro Bruno L.
Published: January 2015

O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar distribuição da solução no solo fertirrigado por gotejamento enterrado e superficial. O ensaio foi conduzido na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da ESALQ/USP - Piracicaba, SP. Para o estudo foram abertas 6 trincheiras e instaladas sondas de TDR, dispostas a 0,05; 0,15; 0,25; 0,35 e 0,45 m – profundidade, e a 0,05; 0,15; 0,25; 0,35 m – comprimento, totalizando 17 sondas por trincheira. Os tratamentos foram baseados na profundidade de aplicação (0,00 e 0,10 m) e vazão aplicada (2 e 4 L h-1): ENT2; ENT4; SUP2 e SUP4. A cada hora era aplicado 1 L de solução de KNO3, seguida de monitoramento do movimento dos íons com o TDR. Assim, foi possível verificar que: em relação aos sistemas superficiais, os íons aplicados pelos sistemas enterrados atingiram maior largura e profundidade e as maiores concentrações foram obtidas próximas aos pontos de emissão.   UNITERMOS: Fertirrigação, Nitrato de potássio, Nitossolo, TDR.     BARROS, A. C.; FOLEGATTI, M. V.; SOUZA, C. F.; SANTORO, B. L. SOIL SOLUTION DISTRIBUTION APPLIED BY SUB-SURFACE AND SURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION     2 ABSTRACT   The aim of this work was to assess the soil solution distribution applied by sub-surface and surface drip irrigation. The trial was conducted in an experimental area at the Engineering Rural Department of ESALQ/USP - Piracicaba, SP. Six trenches were opened, and TDR probes were installed on them arranged as follow: 0.05; 0.15; 0.25; 0.35 and 0.45 m - depth, and 0.05; 0.15; 0.25; 0.35 m - length, totaling 17 probes per trench. The treatments were based on the application depth (0.00 and 0.10m) and flow rate applied (2 and 4 Lh-1): ENT2; ENT4; SUP2 and SUP4. Every hour 1 L of KNO3 solution was applied (10 L total), followed by monitoring ions movement with TDR. Thus, it was possible to verify that, in terms of surface systems, the ions applied by sub-surface drip irrigation achieved larger depth and width, and the largest concentrations were found near the emissions points.  KEY WORDS: irrigation, potassium nitrate, NITOSOL, TDR
EFEITOS DA IRRIGAÇÃO E DA ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA SOBRE AS VARIÁVEIS AGRONÔMICAS DA CULTURA DO FEIJÃO
Authors: Monteiro Pryscilla Ferrraz Câmara , Filho Rubens Angulo , Monteiro Rodrigo Otávio Câmara
Published: January 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar, em condições de campo, o efeito de lâminas de irrigação e de doses de nitrogênio sobre os parâmetros biofísicos da cultura do feijoeiro. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Fazenda Areão – ESALQ/USP, localizada no município de Piracicaba, SP, de setembro a dezembro de 2007, utilizando-se o cultivar de feijão Pérola. O manejo da irrigação foi feito via clima, baseado em dados obtidos da estação meteorológica localizada próxima à área experimental. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas, sendo que nas parcelas foram alocados os tratamentos relacionados com os níveis de irrigação (179,5; 256,5; 357,5 e 406,2 mm) e, nas subparcelas, os tratamentos relativos às doses de nitrogênio (0; 80 e 160 kg ha-1), totalizando assim doze tratamentos em cada bloco, dispostos em 48 parcelas experimentais. As variáveis biofísicas analisadas foram: altura das plantas, índice de área foliar, produtividade de grãos, número de vagens por planta e número de grãos por vagem. O fator água influenciou todas as variáveis biofísicas, encontrando-se valores maiores nas plantas que receberam maiores quantidades de água. A adubação nitrogenada não influenciou as variáveis biofísicas da cultura do feijão.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Phaseolus vulgaris L., evapotranspiração, manejo de irrigação, produtividade de grãos     MONTEIRO, P.F.C.; ANGULO FILHO, R.; MONTEIRO, R.O.C. IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION EFFECTS ON BEAN  AGRONOMIC VARIABLES     2 ABSTRACT   The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of irrigation levels and nitrogen fertilization on the common bean biophysical parameters. The experiment was carried out at  the University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP),  Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, from September to December, 2007, using Perola cultivar. Irrigation schedule was based on the weather data  given  by  meteorological station located near the experimental area. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with split plots, having 12 treatments, being: 4 irrigation levels (179.5; 256.5; 357.5 e 406.2 mm) and 3 nitrogen rates (0; 80 e 160 kg ha-1);  and four repetitions, totalizing 48 plots. The biophysical variables analyzed were: plant height, leaf area index, grain yield, the pod number per plant, and the grain number per pod. The irrigation influenced the biophysical variables and the largest medium values of plants were found on those that received the largest irrigation depth. The nitrogen fertilization did not influence the biophysical variables. KEYWORDS: Phaseolus vulgaris L., evapotranspiration, irrigation management, grain yield
RESPOSTA DO TOMATEIRO IRRIGADO A NÍVEIS DE REPOSIÇÃO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO
Authors: Santana Márcio José , Vieira Thiago Assumpção
Published: January 2015

O principal objetivo da irrigação é proporcionar às culturas a quantidade necessária de água para sua produção, sem excesso ou déficit, evitando assim desperdícios. O atual experimento foi conduzido no setor de Olericultura do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, campus de Uberaba, MG, nos meses de maio a novembro de 2008. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade da cultura do tomate, submetido a diferentes níveis de reposição de água de irrigação, determinando a lâmina ótima física, bem como o rendimento da cultura.  O delineamento experimental foi o DIC, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de cinco níveis de reposição de água no solo (70%, 100%, 130%, 160% e 190% da lâmina para elevar o solo à capacidade de campo). As variáveis avaliadas foram produtividade, número de frutos, diâmetro do caule, altura da planta e eficiência do uso da água. A produtividade foi prejudicada pelo déficit e excesso de água. A lâmina ótima física foi de 581,4 mm com produtividade de 72,63 ton ha-1. UNITERMOS: manejo irrigação; produtividade tomate.     SANTANA, M.J. de; VIEIRA, T.A.; BARRETO, A.C. ; CRUZ, O.C.da TOMATO RESPONSE IRRIGATED WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SOIL WATER REPLACEMENT     2 ABSTRACT   The irrigation main goal is to provide the crops the amount of water needed to produce without excess or deficit avoiding waste. This experiment was carried out in the Horticulture sector of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Triângulo Mineiro, Campus Uberaba – MG – Brazil, from May to November 2008. The objective of the study was  to evaluate the tomato yield under different irrigation levels determining the optimum water depth as well as the productivity. The design was DIC with four replications.  Treatments consisted of five levels of soil replenishment (70%, 100%, 130%, 160% and 190% of the water amount to raise the soil water content to field capacity). The evaluated variables were: crop yield, number of fruits, plant height, stem diameter and efficiency in water used. The yield was affected by water deficit and excess; and the optimum water depth amount was 581,4 mm with 72,63 ton ha-1. KEY-WORDS: irrigation; tomato yield.