bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abandoned Being: The Aesthetic of Inhabiting in Meridel Le Sueur’sThe Girl
Authors: Callahan Clare
Published: October 2021

This article reads the vocabulary of “being” scattered throughout Meridel Le Sueur’s The Girl as exposing the ontological dispossession underlying the economic and political abandonment of the poor. The Girl’s search for a way “to be,” however, also disrupts the economy of representation by which the state monitors and assesses, through a rhetoric of uplifted subjectivity, the behaviors of the women who depend on state relief programs. In The Girl, homeless women’s discovery of forms of being within precarious living conditions constitutes an ontological repossession through which Le Sueur imagines alternative feminist socioeconomic structures and, by extension, alternative forms of subjectivity that emerge within subrepresentational spaces.
Predicting Shoulder Force to Prevent Injury: Body Fat Mass Increases Shoulder Stress among Pitchers
Authors: FRIESEN KENZIE B. , OLIVER GRETCHEN D.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between whole body and throwing arm composition and length with throwing shoulder distraction and anterior force. Literature shows a relationship between shoulder force and pain; therefore, as well as between body mass and pain, it was hypothesized that pitchers with greater body fat mass would display increased throwing shoulder force during the acceleration phase of the softball pitch.

Methods

Thirty-eight high school softball pitchers from southern United States agreed to participate (1.69 ± 0.07 m, 74.71 ± 16.36 kg, 15.2 ± 1.1 yr). All procedures were completed within one visit. Pitchers underwent a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan then threw fastballs at regulation distance while motion was measured using an electromagnetic motion capture system. Data from the three fastest pitches were averaged and analyzed. Peak shoulder distraction and anterior force during the acceleration phase of the softball pitch were extracted and used as dependent variables in two separate regression analyses. Whole body and throwing arm fat mass and lean mass, as well as throwing arm length were entered as independent variables into both regression equations.

Results

The first regression equation was statistically significant (F(5,37) = 13.28, P < 0.001) and explained approximately 62% of the variance in peak shoulder distraction force (R
2 = 0.675, adjusted R
2 = 0.624). Increased whole body fat mass (B = 13.76, SE = 5.39, β = 0.91, t = 2.553, P = 0.016) significantly predicted peak throwing shoulder distraction force. The second regression equation predicting peak anterior force was not significant.

Conclusions

Increased fat mass may exacerbate the high force observed at the throwing shoulder and further increase injury susceptibility to pitchers.
Effect of Concurrent Training on Body Composition and Gut Microbiota in Postmenopausal Women with Overweight or Obesity
Authors: DUPUIT MARINE , RANCE MÉLANIE , MOREL CLAIRE , BOUILLON PATRICE , BOSCARO AUDREY , MARTIN VINCENT , VAZEILLE EMILIE , BARNICH NICOLAS , CHASSAING BENOIT , BOISSEAU NATHALIE
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Menopause tends to be associated with an increased risk of obesity and abdominal fat mass (FM) and is associated with lower intestinal species diversity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a high-intensity interval training and resistance training (HIIT + RT) program on body composition and intestinal microbiota composition in overweight or obese postmenopausal women.

Methods

Participants (n = 17) were randomized in two groups: HIIT + RT group (3× per week, 12 wk) and control group without any training. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure whole-body and abdominal/visceral FM and fat-free mass. Intestinal microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at baseline and at the study end, and the diet was controlled.

Results

Compared with sedentary controls, physical fitness (maximal oxygen consumption, peak power output) increased, total abdominal and visceral FM decreased, and segmental muscle mass increased in the training group. Although the HIIT + RT protocol did not modify α-diversity and taxonomy, it significantly influenced microbiota composition. Moreover, various intestinal microbiota members were correlated with HIIT + RT-induced body composition changes, and baseline microbiota composition predicted the response to the HIIT + RT program.

Conclusions

HIIT + RT is an effective modality to reduce abdominal/visceral FM and improve physical capacity in nondieting overweight or obese postmenopausal women. Training modified intestinal microbiota composition, and the response to training seems to depend on the initial microbiota profile. More studies are needed to determine whether microbiota composition could predict the individual training response.
Are Gait Biomechanics Related to Physical Activity Engagement? An Examination of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: BENNETT HUNTER J. , RINGLEB STACIE I. , BOBZIEN JONNA , HAEGELE JUSTIN A.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) rarely meet physical activity (PA) guidelines, thus not reaping associated health benefits. Although many barriers exist, abnormal or inefficient gait biomechanics could negatively impact engagement in PA. This study has two purposes: first, to compare total body mechanical work between adolescents with ASD and neurotypical age-, sex-, and body mass index–matched controls, and second to determine whether gait biomechanics are significantly related to engagement in PA.

Methods

Twenty-five adolescents (age, 13–18 yr) with ASD and 17 neurotypical controls (eight with ASD had no match) participated in the study. Three-dimensional motion capture and force platforms were used to record and analyze gait biomechanics at self-selected speeds and a standardized 1.3 m·s−1. Total body mechanical work (sum of joint works across lower extremity, low back, torso, and shoulders) was compared between groups (n = 17 for each) and speeds using a mixed model analysis of variance. Average daily light PA, moderate to vigorous PA, and total PA was recorded for the entire data set with ASD using triaxial accelerometers worn for 1 wk. Regression analyses were performed between work, stride time variability, speed, and stride length with each PA variable.

Results

Adolescents with ASD generated 9% more work compared with the controls (P = 0.016). Speed and stride length were significant regressors of light PA, moderate to vigorous PA, and total PA, explaining greater than 0.20 variance (P < 0.02 for all regressions).

Conclusions

Although adolescents with ASD walked with significantly greater work, the complex full-body variable is not significantly related to engagement in PA. In agreement with research spanning multiple populations and ages, speed and stride length are indicative of PA engagement in adolescents with ASD.
Identification of thresholds for accuracy comparisons of heart rate and respiratory rate in neonates
Authors: Coleman Jesse , Ginsburg Amy Sarah , Macharia William M. , Ochieng Roseline , Zhou Guohai , Dunsmuir Dustin , Karlen Walter , Ansermino J. Mark
Published: October 2021

Background: Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) can be challenging to measure accurately and reliably in neonates. The introduction of innovative, non-invasive measurement technologies suitable for resource-constrained settings is limited by the lack of appropriate clinical thresholds for accuracy comparison studies.

Methods: We collected measurements of photoplethysmography-recorded HR and capnography-recorded exhaled carbon dioxide across multiple 60-second epochs (observations) in enrolled neonates admitted to the neonatal care unit at Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Trained study nurses manually recorded HR, and the study team manually counted individual breaths from capnograms. For comparison, HR and RR also were measured using an automated signal detection algorithm. Clinical measurements were analyzed for repeatability.

Results: A total of 297 epochs across 35 neonates were recorded. Manual HR showed a bias of -2.4 (-1.8%) and a spread between the 95% limits of agreement (LOA) of 40.3 (29.6%) compared to the algorithm-derived median HR. Manual RR showed a bias of -3.2 (-6.6%) and a spread between the 95% LOA of 17.9 (37.3%) compared to the algorithm-derived median RR, and a bias of -0.5 (1.1%) and a spread between the 95% LOA of 4.4 (9.1%) compared to the algorithm-derived RR count. Manual HR and RR showed repeatability of 0.6 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.5-0.7), and 0.7 (IQR 0.5-0.8), respectively.

Conclusions: Appropriate clinical thresholds should be selected a priori when performing accuracy comparisons for HR and RR. Automated measurement technologies typically use a smoothing or averaging filter, which significantly impacts accuracy. A wider spread between the LOA, as much as 30%, should be considered to account for the observed physiological nuances and within- and between-neonate variability and different averaging methods. Wider adoption of thresholds by data standards organizations and technology developers and manufacturers will increase the robustness of clinical comparison studies.
Factors influencing partograph recording among skilled birth attendants at Mzuzu Central Hospital, Northern Malawi
Authors: Kaunda Prisca , Leshabari Selbada , Mwale Charles Masulani
Published: October 2021

Background/Aims

Malawi has very high maternal and neonatal mortality rates, often resulting from complications during labour and delivery. Complete recording of a partograph during labour monitoring has been associated with a reduction and prompt management of fatal complications. Although the partograph is an essential tool for monitoring women during labour, there is limited evidence on the status of its recording and associated factors among skilled birth attendants in northern Malawi. The aim of this study was to assess partograph recording and explore factors affecting its recording among skilled birth attendants at the Mzuzu Central Hospital in Malawi.

Methods

The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design with mixed methods. The study involved a retrospective review of 369 patient partographs, using a data extraction sheet to gather quantitative data, which were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were collected through individual in-depth interviews with seven skilled birth attendants working at the hospital, using a semi-structured interview guide and analysed by content analysis.

Results

Of the 369 partographs that were reviewed, recording was complete in only 12.7% of fetal assessments, 13.3% of maternal assessments and 24.7% of sections recording the progress of labour. The most completely recorded parameter was liquor (71.8%), followed by cervical dilatation (70.5%). The least completely recorded parameters were temperature (13.6%) and urine protein (2.2%). Factors that influenced the recording of a partograph included skilled birth attendants' general knowledge on the partograph, the availability of equipment for assessments, supportive supervision, staffing levels, attendance to in-service training and clients' perception of the frequency of assessments.

Conclusions

Skilled birth attendants at Mzuzu Central Hospital partially complete partographs during labour. Staffing levels, availability of equipment for assessments, in-service training and supportive supervision are all factors that affect complete partograph recording. Therefore, it is essential to implement strategies that can promote complete partograph recording in order to reduce maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality at this health facility.
Achieving effective patient outcomes with PolyMem® Silicone Border
Authors: Rafter Linda , Rafter Mark
Published: October 2021

Clinicians are under increasing pressure to provide high-quality patient outcomes at a reduced cost. Increasingly, community staff must acquire knowledge on advanced wound care products to cope with the growing caseload demands. This article describes the use of PolyMem® dressings to reduce pain, inflammation, oedema and bruising and their ability to debride and absorb exudate while providing an optimum healing environment. The PolyMem range includes multifunctional dressings for various painful chronic wounds. This article also presents five case studies with particularly good patient outcomes where PolyMem dressings were the primary dressing. All five patients were holistically assessed to enable consistent evidence-based treatment decisions. In four cases, the new PolyMem Silicone Border dressing was used. The patients found the PolyMem Silicone Border dressing comfortable and gentle on removal even when the skin was extremely fragile. The right dressing used at the right time on the right patient can improve patient outcomes.
Caesarean section as an informed choice in the UK: a systematic review
Authors: Djatmika Clementine , Lusher Joanne , Meyrick Jane , Byron-Daniel James
Published: October 2021

Background

Despite the steady increase in the number of women giving birth via caesarean section in the UK, little is understood about how shared decision making is implemented in obstetrics or what this means for women that have given birth via caesarean. The aim of this review is to assess narratives of women's experiences of caesarean birth as an informed choice and their involvement in this process.

Methods

A number of databases were searched, including MEDLINE via EBSCO, EMBASE via OVID, MIDIRS via OVID, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar and Ethos, as well as the reference sections of the included studies. Primary studies published between 1990–2020 were included and quality was assessed using the critical appraisal skills programme tool. Findings were analysed using a thematic synthesis framework to elicit higher order interpretations.

Results

A total of 11 studies were included in the final review. Quality assessment indicated the studies were generally of good quality, with the main limitations being in methodology quality indicators. Thematic synthesis identified eight subthemes within three main themes: ‘patient-doctor relationships’, ‘decision making as an emotional journey’ and ‘caesarean not really an informed “choice”’. The role of healthcare providers in promoting women's agency via patient-centred care was a prominent theme in women's narratives.

Conclusions

Women's decision making in consent to undergo caesarean births is a complex, emotionally driven process that can have a significant long-term psychological impact.
Reproductive carrier screening
Authors: Winter George
Published: October 2021

George Winter examines the implications of screening couples to discover if they are at risk of having children with particular conditions, and the slippery slope to which this may lead
No effect of ‘watching eyes’: An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences
Authors: Rotella Amanda , Sparks Adam Maxwell , Mishra Sandeep , Barclay Pat
Published: October 2021

Some evidence suggests that people behave more cooperatively and generously when observed or in the presence of images of eyes (termed the ‘watching eyes’ effect). Eye images are thought to trigger feelings of observation, which in turn motivate people to behave more cooperatively to earn a good reputation. However, several recent studies have failed to find evidence of the eyes effect. One possibility is that inconsistent evidence in support of the eyes effect is a product of individual differences in sensitivity or susceptibility to the cue. In fact, some evidence suggests that people who are generally more prosocial are less susceptible to situation-specific reputation-based cues of observation. In this paper, we sought to (1) replicate the eyes effect, (2) replicate the past finding that people who are dispositionally less prosocial are more responsive to observation than people who are more dispositionally more prosocial, and (3) determine if this effect extends to the watching eyes effect. Results from a pre-registered study showed that people did not give more money in a dictator game when decisions were made public or in the presence of eye images, even though participants felt more observed when decisions were public. That is, we failed to replicate the eyes effect and observation effect. An initial, but underpowered, interaction model suggests that egoists give less than prosocials in private, but not public, conditions. This suggests a direction for future research investigating if and how individual differences in prosociality influence observation effects.
Early line and hook fishing at the Epipaleolithic site of Jordan River Dureijat (Northern Israel)
Authors: Pedergnana Antonella , Cristiani Emanuela , Munro Natalie , Valletta Francesco , Sharon Gonen
Published: October 2021

Nineteen broken and complete bone fish hooks and six grooved stones recovered from the Epipaleolithic site of Jordan River Dureijat in the Hula Valley of Israel represent the largest collection of fishing technology from the Epipaleolithic and Paleolithic periods. Although Jordan River Dureijat was occupied throughout the Epipaleolithic (~20–10 kya the fish hooks appear only at the later stage of this period (15,000–12,000 cal BP). This paper presents a multidimensional study of the hooks, grooved stones, site context, and the fish assemblage from macro and micro perspectives following technological, use wear, residue and zooarchaeological approaches. The study of the fish hooks reveals significant variability in hook size, shape and feature type and provides the first evidence that several landmark innovations in fishing technology were already in use at this early date. These include inner and outer barbs, a variety of line attachment techniques including knobs, grooves and adhesives and some of the earliest evidence for artificial lures. Wear on the grooved stones is consistent with their use as sinkers while plant fibers recovered from the grooves of one hook shank and one stone suggest the use of fishing line. This together with associations between the grooved stones and hooks in the same archaeological layers, suggests the emergence of a sophisticated line and hook technology. The complexity of this technology is highlighted by the multiple steps required to manufacture each component and combine them into an integrated system. The appearance of such technology in the Levantine Epipaleolithic record reflects a deep knowledge of fish behavior and ecology. This coincides with significant larger-scale patterns in subsistence evolution, namely broad spectrum foraging, which is an important first signal of the beginning of the transition to agriculture in this region.
Reproducibility and validity ELSA-Brasil Food Frequency Questionnaire
Authors: Enriquez Martinez Oscar Geovanny , Moronari de Oliveira Aprelini Carla , Brunetti Moreira Taiz Karla , Ávila Alves Silian Angela , Silva Pereira Taísa Sabrina , Herzog Siqueira Jordana , Onofre Ferriani Lara , Perim de Faria Carolina , Bisi Molina Maria del Carmen
Published: October 2021

Background: To investigate the association between diet and health effects in population surveys, it is necessary to have precise tools that allow estimating the habitual consumption of the population.
Introduction: To investigate the association between diet and health effects in population surveys, it is necessary to have precise tools that allow estimating the habitual consumption of the population. Aim: To evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the ELSA-Brasil food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess macro and micronutrients intake.
Material and methods: We collected dietary information of 281 participants which completed two ELSA-Brasil food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) over a year period and three records. To assess the reproducibility of the FFQ, we compared the macro and micronutrients intake from the two FFQ while to assess the validity, we compared the intakes of FFQ with the mean of three records. The intraclass correlation test (ICC) and agreement percentages of nutrient intake were calculated after categorization by tertiles.
Results: ICC coefficients for reproducibility ranged from 0.51 (polyunsaturated fat) to 0.70 (magnesium) while the ICC coefficients for validity ranged from 0.14 to 0.61 for omega 3 and magnesium, respectively. The exact concordances between methods ranged from 37% for omega 3 to 50.2% for magnesium (mean = 44.6%). An average disagreement of 13.4% was found.
Conclusions: This study suggests that the ELSA-Brasil FFQ is suitable tool to assess dietary intake with a satisfactory reproducibility and relative validity.
Numero de años con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su asociación con la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores chilenas: Un estudio transversal
Authors: Bozanic Agnieszka , Petermann Rocha Fanny , Waddell Heather , Parra-Soto Solange , Cuevas Carla , Richardson Claire , Martínez-Sanguinetti María Adela , Leiva-Ordoñez Ana María , Nazar Gabriela , Troncoso Claudia , Mardones Lorena , Villagrán Marcelo , Martorell Miquel , Ariño Mateo Eva , Ochoa-Rosales Carolina , Díaz-Martinez Ximena , Ulloa Natalia , Celis-Morales Carlos
Published: October 2021

Introduction: La esperanza de vida está aumentando en todo el mundo, así como la diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Estudios poblacionales han demostrado que la duración de la DM2 se ha asociado con el deterioro cognitivo. Sin embargo, a pesar de la alta prevalencia de DM2 y deterioro cognitivo en Chile, aún no se ha investigado la asociación entre años con DM2 y la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la asociación entre la duración de la diabetes mellitus 2 (DM2) y la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores chilenas.
Métodos: Participaron 1.040 personas ≥60 años de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Chile (2009-2010). El deterioro cognitivo se evaluó mediante el Mini Examen del Estado Mental abreviado (MMSE). El número de años con DM2 fue categorizado en cuatro grupos. Para valorar la asociación entre MMSE alterado y el número de años con DM2, se utilizó una regresión de  Poisson, ajustados a posibles factores de confusión sociodemograficos, de estilos de vida, adiposidad y salud.
Resultados: Cuando se ajustaron los análisis por factores sociodemográficos, las personas con 15 a 24 y ≥25 años con DM2 presentaron 2,2 veces (IC 95%: 1,07; 3,33) y 5,8 veces (IC 95%: 3,81; 11,0) riesgo relativo (RR) de deterioro cognitivo, en comparación con aquellas sin DM2. Luego de ajustar adicionalmente los análisis para las covariables relacionadas con el estilo de vida y la salud, el RR para deterioro cognitivo fue 1,76 veces (IC 95%: 1,02; 2,50) y 4,54 veces (IC 95%: 2,70; 6,38) más alto para aquellas personas con 14-24 y ≥25 años de DM2.
Conclusiones: Se asoció el número de años con DM2 con la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. Una mayor duración de la DM2 se asoció con una mayor probabilidad de deterioro cognitivo en la población mayor chilena.
Consumo de bebidas azucaradas, verduras y frutas en sujetos con alteración del metabolismo de la glucosa
Authors: Martínez-Velarde Dalia , Málaga-Chávez Renzo , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Poco se conoce sobre los patrones de dieta de individuos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en Perú. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si existe asociación entre la alteración del metabolismo de la glucosa y ciertos patrones de dieta (consumo de bebidas azucaradas, verduras y frutas). Material y métodos: Análisis secundario de un estudio poblacional de tipo transversal realizado en Tumbes, en el norte del Perú. Las variables resultado fueron consumo de bebidas azucaradas, consumo de verduras y consumo de frutas, definidas por autoreporte; mientras que la exposición fue la alteración del metabolismo de la glucosa (euglicémico, con DM2 pero sin diagnóstico previo, y con DM2 y diagnóstico previo), basado en la prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa. Para evaluar las asociaciones de interés, se crearon modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta y se reportaron razones de prevalencia (RP) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%).Resultados: Un total de 1607 individuos, media de edad de 48,2 (DE: 10,6), y 809 (50,3%) mujeres, fueron incluidos en los análisis. La prevalencia de DM2 fue de 11,0% (IC95%: 9,5%–12,6%), y de ellos, 105 (59,7%) tuvieron diagnóstico previo. Solo 213 (13,3%) consumieron bebidas azucaradas >1 vez/semana, mientras que 409 (25,5%) y 736 (45,8%) consumieron verduras y frutas en forma casi diaria, respectivamente. Aquellos con diagnóstico previo de DM2 tuvieron menor probabilidad de consumir bebidas azucaradas (algunas veces vs. nunca: RP=0,57; IC95%: 0,41–0,78 y >1 vez/semana vs. nunca: RP=0,39; IC95%: 0,18–0,85). Ni el consumo de frutas ni el de verduras fue mayor en aquellos con o sin diagnóstico previo de DM2.Conclusiones: Comparados con los euglicémicos, los individuos con diagnóstico previo de DM2 tuvieron un menor consumo de bebidas azucaradas, pero dicha asociación no estuvo presente en aquellos con DM2 sin diagnóstico previo. El consumo de frutas y verduras no fue diferente entre las categorías de alteración del metabolismo de la glucosa estudiadas.
Modelo Phantom e índices de proporcionalidad en categorías de edad de gimnasia acrobática: un estudio transversal y descriptivo
Authors: Taboada-Iglesias Yaiza , Vernetta-Santana Mercedes , Alonso-Fernández Diego , Gutiérrez-Sánchez Águeda
Published: October 2021

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la proporcionalidad corporal a través de la estrategia Phantom y de los índices corporales, en las diferentes categorías de edad que conforman la competición reglada en este deporte, en sus dos roles fundamentales de ágil y portor. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal y descriptivo. La población de estudio la formaron los gimnastas de nivel nacional. El criterio de selección fue la participación en campeonatos de España. Se excluyeron aquellos de nivel inferior y no ser de sexo femenino. Se evaluó la proporcionalidad corporal mediante la estrategia Phantom e índices corporales, como el índice ponderal, la longitud relativa de las extremidades superiores, índice esquelético, índice córmico, índice acromio ilíaco y la envergadura relativa. Se realizó un análisis comparativo general y múltiple entre categorías de edad.Resultados: Muestra de n=54 ágiles (edad (X)=11,23años; DT=0, 7 infantiles (mnastas alevines (7,28 rol de ,11 años años; DE =3,04) y n=75 portoras (X=14,46¡ños; DT=0, 7 infantiles (mnastas alevines (7,28 rol de ,11 años años; DE=2,08) de sexo femenino distribuidas en categoría alevín, infantil, cadete, juvenil, junior y senior. En las gimnastas ágiles destacan las diferencias entre grupos en los valores phantom de proporcionalidad del peso (p= ,032), y diámetros del húmero (p= ,034), muñeca (p= ,002) y fémur (p= ,004). Así como en los índices de proporcionalidad de la longitud relativa de las extremidades superiores (p= ,016), índice esquelético (p= ,008), e índice córmico (p= ,008). En las portoras entre las diferencias generales destacan los valores phantom del peso (p= ,008), perímetro abdominal (p= ,045), glúteo (p= ,001) y brazo relajado (p= ,015), mientras que en los índices solo arroja diferencias el índice acromio ilíaco (p= ,008).Conclusiones: No existen demasiadas diferencias significativas en la proporcionalidad antropométrica entre los grupos de edad en ninguno de los roles estudiados. No pudiendo establecer una clara evolución gradual de estas. Sin embargo, el conocer la proporcionalidad y sus especificidades, permiten realizar una buena detección de talentos.
Influencia de la baja disponibilidad energética y del balance energético negativo sobre la inflamación inducida por el ejercicio y cambios de hormonas sexuales de atletas: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Ayala-Guzmán César Iván , Ortiz-Hernandez Luis , Najera Medina Oralia
Published: October 2021

Introducción: El objetivo del trabajo fue examinar diferencias entre el balance energético (BEN) negativo o la baja disponibilidad energética (DEN) sobre la inflamación inducida por el ejercicio (IIE) y cambios de hormonas sexuales (CHS), de acuerdo con la experiencia deportiva de atletas.
Material y métodos: Fuentes de información: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos publicados de 1986 a 2020 en las bases de datos de Medline, Science Direct, SciELO, ProQuest y EBSCOhost. Selección de estudios: Se incluyeron artículos que fueron realizados con atletas adultos sanos, con diferentes niveles de experiencia deportiva, en los que se evaluó la asociación del BEN negativo o de la DEN baja con CHS o la IIE. Evaluación y síntesis del estudio: Se identificaron 198 registros, de los cuales se analizaron 26 documentos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión.
Resultados: Se obtuvieron asociaciones similares entre el BEN o la DEN (evaluada directamente) con las concentraciones basales de testosterona, de FNT-α y con la presencia de amenorrea, pero no con el estradiol e IL-6. La DEN evaluada directamente, comparada con indicadores subrogados de DEN baja, se asoció con CHS en menos estudios (6 versus 11). En condiciones de reposo, atletas de alto renidimento con BEN negativo o con DEN baja, en comparación con sus contrapartes con una adecuada IE, presentaron menores concentraciones de LH y estradiol, pero no de progesterona e IL-6; aunque resultados inconsistentes sobre la testosterona, FSH, FNT-α y la presencia de amenorrea.
Conclusiones: La metodología de evaluación o interpretación del BEN o la DEN y de biomarcadores parecen determinar las inconsistencias entre los resultados. Aparentemente la experiencia deportiva puede influir en la IIE o CHS de atletas con DEN baja o BEN negativo.
Consumo de alimentos, composición corporal y rendimiento físico en hombres y mujeres jóvenes judadores de fútbol
Authors: Soto-Célix María , Sánchez-Díaz Silvia , Castillo Daniel , Raya-González Javier , Domínguez-Díez Marta , Lago-Rodríguez Ángel , Rendo-Urteaga Tara
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Pocos estudios han sido encontrados donde se analicen los hábitos nutricionales, la composición corporal y la condición física de jóvenes futbolistas entre diferentes categorías y diferenciando entre chicos y chicas. Por tanto, el objetivo fue analizar las diferencias en los hábitos de consumo de alimentos, los parámetros de composición corporal y el rendimiento físico en jóvenes futbolistas.
Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal durante la temporada competitiva 2019-2020. Cuarenta y ocho futbolistas (16-18 años) fueron clasificados por edad y sexo en tres grupos: menores de 16 y menores de 18 años masculinos (U16 y U18), y menores de 16 años féminas (U16 femenino). Se recogieron variables de hábitos alimentarios, antropometría, composición corporal y rendimiento físico. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza de (ANOVA) de un factor con post hoc de Bonferroni.
Resultados: Observamos que las chicas U16 consumieron menos carne de cerdo y pan y más moluscos y mariscos que los chicos (p<0,05). Los chicos U16 consumieron menos frutas (p<0,05) y más aceite de oliva (p<0,05) que las chicas U16 y tuvieron menor masa muscular en miembros inferiores que los chicos U18 (p <0,05, ES=0,80-0,96); los chicos mostraron mayor masa muscular en miembros inferiores (p <0,01, ES=1,80-2,59) y menor porcentaje de grasa que las chicas (p<0,01, ES=1,73); y los chicos U18 presentaron mayor peso que las chicas (p<0,01, ES=1,64). Los chicos U18 mostraron mejores rendimientos (p<0,05-0,01, ES=0,90-1,38) en pruebas de sprint máximo (40 m de longitud), salto en contramovimiento (CMJ) y CMJ con pierna dominante, saltos horizontales bilaterales máximos (HJ), HJ con pierna dominante y no dominante que los chicos U16. Los chicos mostraron mejores resultados en los esprints (LSST, p<0,05; ES=1,66-5,16), el cambio de dirección (CODA, p<0,05; ES = 2,82-5,46) y los saltos (p<0,05; ES=1,60-4,12).
Conclusión: En conclusión, se observaron diferencias por sexo y edad en las prácticas dietéticas y los parámetros de composición corporal en los jóvenes futbolistas. Además, mejor rendimiento físico a medida que aumentaba la edad, excepto para el CODA. Los chicos exhibieron mejores rendimientos en LSST, CODA y saltos que las chicas.
Pilarisasi Lempung Dengan Al/Cr sebagai Adsorben Minyak Sisa Pakai
Authors: Triandhani Tiska Eva , Taslimah Taslimah , Sriyanti Sriyanti
Published: October 2021

Minyak goreng yang digunakan berulang kali dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan minyak. Salah satu solusi untuk menanganinya ialah dengan metode adsorpsi. Lempung terpilar Al/Cr telah dibuat sebagai adsorben minyak sisa pakai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan suhu optimum kalsinasi pada pemilaran lempung dengan Al/Cr dan menentukan kualitas minyak sisa pakai berdasarkan bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida. Karakterisasi lempung terpilar menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Selanjutnya daya adsorpsi lempung terpilar terhadap minyak sisa pakai diukur menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Uji kualitas minyak dilakukan berdasarkan penentuan bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida sesuai syarat mutu minyak goreng yaitu SNI 01-3741-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pemilaran lempung Al/Cr dapat meningkatkan basal spacing. Lempung terpilar Al/Cr dengan suhu kalsinasi 400°C memiliki basal spacing terbesar yaitu fraksi ringan 18,84 Å dan fraksi berat 16,53 Å. Kemampuan lempung terpilar Al/Cr untuk adsorpsi minyak sisa pakai memiliki daya serap besar pada suhu kalsinasi 400°C  yaitu pada fraksi berat 9,16 % dan fraksi ringan 6,28 %. Lempung terpilar Al/Cr mampu menurunkan bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida, bahwa semakin lama waktu kontak adsorpsi bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida semakin menurun. Kata Kunci : Lempung terpilar Al/Cr, minyak sisa pakai, bilangan asam, bilangan         peroksida
Pengaruh Tripolifosfat Sebagai Agen Taut Silang Pada Membran Kitosan Terhadap Karakter Fisikokimia dan Kemampuan Permeasi
Authors: Lusiana Retno Ariadi , Suseno Ahmad , Khabibi Khabibi , Faradina Cahyaning Gesti
Published: October 2021

Penelitian tentang modifikasi membran kitosan dengan taut silang menggunakan tripolifosfat telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memodifikasi kitosan dengan tripolifosfat dan mengkarakterisasi serta menguji permeabilitasnya. Pada penelitian ini dihasilkan larutan dope kitosan tertaut silang tripolifosfat (CSTPP) dengan tiga rasio kitosan:tripolifosfat yaitu 1:0,5; 1:1; dan 1:2. Melalui metode inversi fasa didapatkan lembaran membran yang dipergunakan dalam proses permeasi kreatinin. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi kitosan oleh TPP berpengaruh pada sifat fisikokimia membran. Kenaikan konsentrasi TPP dalam membran berkorelasi dengan peningkatan hidrofilisitas, nilai serapan air, derajat pengembangan, porositas, kemampuan fluks dan kemampuan permeasi membran.  Membran CSTPP2 dengan rasio mol 1:1 antara kitosan:TPP memiliki kemampuan permeasi terbaik.Kata Kunci: taut silang; membran, CSTPP, permeasi
Studi Penutupan Lahan Hulu dan Hilir Dareah Aliran Sungai Liliba Terhadap Kuantitas Air
Authors: Soetedjo I.N.P , De Rozari P. , Leo Novida
Published: October 2021

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Liliba secara adminitrasi terletak di 2 (dua) daerah adminitrasi yaitu Kota Kupang dan Kabupaten Kupang dengan luas 4.534 ha, panjang sungai utama 20.176,22 m. Daya dukung DAS Liliba sebagai sumberdaya alam (tanah, air, dan vegetasi) sangat dipengaruhi kondisi penutupan lahan. Penurunan kuantitas ditandai dengan semakin berkurangnya debit air pada musim kemarau,. Studi dilakukan selama bulan 3 bulan dari bulan September sampai November 2019. Perubahan penutupan lahan dianalisa berdasarkan klasifikasi penggunaan lahan di DAS Liliba tahun 2008-2018. Kuantitas air dianalisa dengan menggunakan metode Mock pada 4 titik pengamatan. Hasil studi menunjukkan penutupan lahan tipe pemukiman meningkat dari 20.39% pada tahun 2008 menjadi 48.47% pada tahun 2018. Penurunan semak belukar sebesar 19.73% pada tahun 2008 menjadi 0% pada tahun 2018. Penurunan kawasan hutan sekunder dari 15.45% pada tahun 2008 menjadi 10.14 % pada tahun 2018. Kondisi mengakibatkan berkurangnya kuantitas air Debit maksimum terjadi pada bulan Januari, yaitu 1.36 m³/dt, sedangkan debit minimum terjadi pada bulan Oktober, yaitu 0.34 m³/dt. ABSTRACTLiliba water shed locate administratively at Kupang city and district of Kupang with about 4,534 ha of wide and about 20,176.22 m of main river length. Carrying capacity of Liliba watershed as natural resources (soil, water, and vegetation) is affected strongly by land cover conditions. Decreasing in water quantity is indicated by decrease in water discharge during dry season. Study had been conducted at Liliba Water Shed during September to November 2019. Change of land cover was analyzed  based on classification land use at Liliba Water Shed during  2008-2018 Water quantity was observed by Mock method at 4 locations. Result of the study showed that land cover of settlement type increased from 20.39% in 2008 to 48.47 % in 2018. Shrubs type decreased from 19.73% in 2008 to 0% in 2018. Moreover, secondary forest areas decreased from 15.45% in 2008 to 10.14% in 2018. These conditions resulted in decreasing of water quantity. Maximum water discharge was 1.36 m3/second occurred in January and minimum water discharge occurred in October was 0.34 m3/second. Meanwhile, analyzed water quality indicated a light level of pollution in all parameters measurements.
Kooperative Bestandserhaltung in Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Fischer Michael , Geisler Felix , Gaertringen Julia Freifrau Hiller von
Published: October 2021

In ihren Bundesweiten Handlungsempfehlungen von 2015 empfiehlt die KEK, für die Sicherung des gedruckten Schrifttums ab 1851 zunächst die Pflichtexemplarbibliotheken nach heutigen Zuständigkeiten in den Ländern in Anspruch zu nehmen. Sie sollen unabhängig von historisch tatsächlich gegebenen Pflichtexemplarregelungen für die in ihrem heutigen Verantwortungsbereich publizierten Drucke eine Erhaltungsverpflichtung eingehen. Damit wäre jeweils ein Exemplar der Mehrfachüberlieferung gedruckten Schrifttums im Bundesgebiet als das prioritär zu erhaltende Archivexemplar identifiziert und zwar in der Regel dasjenige, das aufgrund einer Rechtsverpflichtung ohnehin aufzubewahren ist. Das KEK-Projekt Einheitlicher Nachweis hat 2016–2018 ein Datenmodell für das PICA-Feld 4233 erarbeitet, das eine Struktur für die Dokumentation von Archivierungsabsprachen bereitstellt und die kooperative Bestandserhaltung überhaupt erst ermöglicht. Die Badische Landesbibliothek hat im überregionalen Gesamtsystem der Überlieferungsbildung und -sicherung ihre Verpflichtung bei den monographischen Titeln und den laufenden Periodika inzwischen eingelöst. Im Rahmen des Landesprojekts bwLastCopies wurden 549.796 badische Pflichttitel aus dem Zeitraum 1851–2020 – davon 80 Prozent im BLB-eigenen Bestand und 20 Prozent in den Beständen anderer Bibliotheken des Landes Baden-Württemberg – im K10plus mit einer Erhaltungsgarantie markiert und damit für die Zukunft gesichert.
Phonological restrictions on nominal pluralization in Sign Language of the Netherlands: evidence from corpus and elicited data
Authors: van Boven Cindy
Published: October 2021

This study focuses on nominal pluralization in Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT). The aim is to offer a comprehensive description of nominal pluralization processes in the language, based on both corpus data and elicited data, taking into account potential phonological restrictions. The results reveal that NGT nouns can undergo several pluralization processes, the main ones being simple reduplication (i.e., repeating the noun sign at one location) and sideward reduplication (i.e., repeating the noun sign while moving the hand sideward). The choice of pluralization process depends on phonological properties of the base noun: (i) nouns that are body-anchored or involve a complex movement undergo simple reduplication; (ii) nouns articulated at the lateral side of the signing space undergo sideward reduplication; (iii) nouns articulated on the midsagittal plane can undergo both simple and sideward reduplication. Strikingly, the data show considerable variation, and all types of nouns can be zero-marked, that is, plural marking on the noun is not obligatory. The results further suggest that all nouns can undergo at least one type of reduplication. Thus, while phonological properties of the base noun influence the type of reduplication, they do not block reduplication altogether. Plural reduplication in NGT is therefore less constrained than has been reported for other sign languages, where certain noun types cannot undergo reduplication. This shows that reduplication – despite being iconically motivated – is subject to language-specific grammatical constraints.
A major health problem facing immigrant children: nutritional rickets
Authors: Kurnaz Erdal , Çetinkaya Semra , Elmaoğulları Selin , Araslı Yılmaz Aslıhan , Muratoğlu Şahin Nursel , Keskin Melikşah , Savaş Erdeve Şenay
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Nutritional rickets (NR) is still an important problem and one which increasing influxes of immigrants are further exacerbating. This study evaluated cases of mostly immigrant children followed up with diagnoses of NR in our pediatric endocrinology clinic.

Methods

Details of 20 cases diagnosed with NR between 2017 and 2020 were retrieved from file records.

Results

Twenty (11 male) cases were included in the study. Three (15%) were Turkish nationals and the others (85%) were immigrants. Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia were detected in 17 and 13, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values were normal in two cases, while ALP and parathyroid hormone (PTH) values were elevated in all other cases, and PTH levels were very high (473.64 ± 197.05 pg/mL). 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were below 20 ng/mL in all cases. Patients with NR received high-dose long-term vitamin D or stoss therapy. Six patients failed to attend long-term follow-up, while PTH and ALP levels and clinical findings improved at long-term follow-up in the other 14 cases.

Conclusions

The elevated PTH levels suggest only the most severe cases of NR presented to our clinic. Clinically evident NR is therefore only the tip of the iceberg, and the true burden of subclinical rickets and osteomalacia remains unidentified. Public health policies should therefore focus on universal vitamin D supplementation and adequate dietary calcium provision, their integration into child surveillance programs, adequate advice and support to ensure normal nutrition, exposure to sunlight, and informing families of the increased risk not only for resident populations but also for refugee and immigrant children.
Inverse design of grating couplers using the policy gradient method from reinforcement learning
Authors: Hooten Sean , Beausoleil Raymond G. , Van Vaerenbergh Thomas
Published: October 2021

We present a proof-of-concept technique for the inverse design of electromagnetic devices motivated by the policy gradient method in reinforcement learning, named PHORCED (PHotonic Optimization using REINFORCE Criteria for Enhanced Design). This technique uses a probabilistic generative neural network interfaced with an electromagnetic solver to assist in the design of photonic devices, such as grating couplers. We show that PHORCED obtains better performing grating coupler designs than local gradient-based inverse design via the adjoint method, while potentially providing faster convergence over competing state-of-the-art generative methods. As a further example of the benefits of this method, we implement transfer learning with PHORCED, demonstrating that a neural network trained to optimize 8° grating couplers can then be re-trained on grating couplers with alternate scattering angles while requiring >10× fewer simulations than control cases.
Ambiguity, standards and contextual distance: archaeological heritage administrators and their information work
Authors: Huvila Isto
Published: October 2021

Archaeological heritage administrators hold a key position as managers of archaeological information production. This article reports findings of an interview study conducted in Sweden (N=10) that focuses on providing an in-depth description of archaeology heritage administrators’ work with a focus on their information work practices and factors that influence how it unfolds. The findings show that its critical success factors focus on the adequacy and availability of resources, personal experience and functioning collaborations with key stakeholders and colleagues, and balancing between following and interpreting formal guidelines, boundaries and standards of the work. Based on a reading of the findings inspired by Luhmann and White, it is suggested that the administrators’ ability to balance between standards and ambiguity and regulate their personal contextual distance to the projects they were working on helped them switch between acting as subject experts and relying on others to maintain a control over their information work-as-whole.
Propaganda Chimera: Unpacking the Iranian Perception Information Operations in the Arab World
Authors: Elswah Mona , Alimardani Mahsa
Published: October 2021

In the past four years, Iranian Information Operations (IOs) have received a lot of scrutiny by social media companies and policymakers. From 2018 to 2021, several accounts on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram were taken down by tech companies for engaging in coordinated inauthentic behaviour. Despite the heated relationship between Iran and many Arab countries, the Iranian IOs in the Arabic online sphere have received less academic attention over the years. This study fills this gap by being one of the few studies to investigate the Iranian IOs in the Arab world. We analyse more than 9.3 million tweets posted from 2008 to 2020 using the hashed datasets shared by Twitter’s Election Integrity Hub. We found that Iran’s IOs have made the Arab world its primary target—despite the attention the US claims to receive from them. However, these IOs demonstrate very little engagement and reach amongst Arab users, limiting the possibilities of Iran infiltrating the online Arabic sphere, and fostering weak yet unruly Arab counterpublics. This study argues that Iran’s IOs garner their power from being perceived as efficient and dangerous operations that could pollute the public sphere of overseas nations, rather than through actual infiltration through engagement. We understand Iran’s efforts to be preoccupied with old propaganda efforts, through their investment in websites and imitation of news organisations. However, their efforts prove that Iran adopted the tactics of “new propaganda” that depend on creating a perceived atmosphere of distrust and chaos. We contribute to the discussion on information operations by proposing the term “perception IOs”, referring to IOs by governments that aspire to be perceived as effective meddling countries in foreign politics.
Effects of infill pattern and density on wear performance of FDM-printed acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene parts
Authors: Karabeyoglu Sencer Sureyya , Eksi Olcay , Yaman Pasa , Kucukyildirim Bedri Onur
Published: October 2021

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene test specimens were additively manufactured by fused deposition method to investigate the effects of infill pattern and density on wear rate, coefficient of friction, wear mechanisms, and microscopic wear characterization. The surface morphology of specimens was characterized using a scanning electron microscope. Under constant parameters of applied load, sliding speed, and sliding time, wear tests were carried out at room temperature. The study revealed that a grid pattern of high infill density and a honeycomb pattern of low infill density showed the lowest wear rate and lowest coefficient of friction compared to the rectilinear pattern. Infill pattern and density affected the wear rate behavior of specimens directly. Moreover, adhesion between additively manufactured layers along with surface texture affects the wear behavior and wear rate. Increasing infill density allowed poor cooling of previously built layers. Longer process time results in rough surfaces.