bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of thoracic epidural analgesia and hospital length of stay for patients undergoing thoracotomy: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Armaneous Michael , Du Austin L , Gabriel Rodney A , Said Engy T
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Regional anesthesia has been shown to be efficacious for analgesia in patients who underwent thoracotomies. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of epidurals and peripheral regional anesthesia with time to hospital discharge for these patients.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study using National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset from 2014 to 2020. Propensity-matched cohorts were assembled based on use of regional anesthesia, peripheral regional anesthesia, or epidural. Fine-Gray competing risk regressions were used to explore the association between regional anesthesia use and rate of discharge. The subdistribution hazard ratio (HR) represented relative discharge rates, and in-hospital death was a competing event. A sensitivity analysis was subsequently performed in which patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥4 were removed.

Results

There were 4350 patients included in this analysis, in which 472 (10.8%) received a peripheral regional anesthesia nerve block and 565 (13.0%) received thoracic epidural analgesia. The subdistribution HR for rate of discharge in the epidural versus non-epidural cohort was 1.09 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.18), thus epidurals were associated with an increased rate of discharge over time. However, this benefit was no longer apparent with the sensitivity analysis. The subdistribution HR for rate of discharge in the peripheral regional anesthesia versus no regional anesthesia cohort was 1.26 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.39), thus peripheral regional anesthesia was associated with an increased rate of discharge over time. This benefit remained even with the sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions

Thoracic epidural use when compared with no regional anesthesia was associated with decreased length of stay following thoracotomy in our primary analysis. The difference was no longer apparent with the sensitivity analysis. Peripheral regional anesthesia was associated with decreased length of stay even after sensitivity analysis.
Relationship between air quality and asthma-related emergency hospital admissions in Mexico City 2017–2019
Authors: Hayes Louise , Mejia-Arangure Juan Manuel , Errington Adam , Bramwell Lindsay , Vega Elizabeth , Nunez-Enriquez Juan Carlos , Namdeo Anil , Entwistle Jane , Miquelajauregui Yosune , Jaimes-Palomera Mónica , Torres Nancy , Rascón-Pacheco R Alberto , Duarte-Rodríguez David A , McNally Richard
Published: November 2023

Background

Previous studies found exposure to air pollution leads to exacerbations of asthma in paediatric and adult patients and increases asthma-related emergency hospital admissions (AREHA).

Methods

AREHAs and levels of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5and NO2) were obtained from Mexico City for the period 2017–2019. A time-series approach was used to explore the relationship between air pollutants and AREHA. Relative risks of AREHA were estimated using a negative binomial regression in young children (less than 5 years) and adults (greater than 18 years).

Results

There was a positive association between AREHA and PM10, PM2.5and NO2in adults, which remained after mutual adjustment for these pollutants. The relative risk (RR) of admission in adults increased by 3% (95% CI 1% to 4%) for a 10 µg/m3increase in PM10, 1% (0.03% to 3%) for a 5 µg/m3increase in PM2.5and by 1% (0.06% to 2%) for a 5 µg/m3increase in NO2. In contrast, in young children, AREHAs were negatively associated with PM10after adjustment for NO2(RR 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) for a 10 µg/m3and with NO2after adjustment for PM10and PM2.5(RR 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99) and 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99), respectively, for a 5 µg/m3increase in NO2). AREHAs in children were not associated with PM2.5after adjustment for NO2.

Conclusions

Ambient air pollution, within the previous week, was associated with emergency hospital admissions for asthma to public hospitals in adults in Mexico City. The relationship in children was less consistent. Further work is needed to explore why differences between adults and children exist to inform appropriate interventions to benefit public health.
Performance of an asymmetric pit-in-pit excavation supported by diaphragm wall and multi uplift piles system in coastal areas
Authors: Wang Ruisong , Dong Hongyuan , Shen Daoxu , Li Jianfeng , Ni Pengpeng , Zhao Chenyang
Published: November 2023

The performance of asymmetric pit-in-pit excavation supported by diaphragm wall and multi uplift piles in coastal areas has been rarely reported. In this work, a case study is conducted to investigate the mechanical characteristics of such excavation. A numerical model is established using the ABAQUS finite element platform, and its effectiveness is evaluated by comparing with the field monitoring data. After evaluation, the effects of uplift piles on excavation-induced deformations are investigated. The results show that the maximum wall deflections ( δhm) are 0.02%–0.22% of the excavation depth ( He), with the ground surface settlements of less than 0.6%· He and the settlement influence zone extending beyond 4 He. As the soil is excavated, the top wall shows outward deformations to the active zone, and the transverse support is under tension. The use of combined diaphragm wall and multi uplift piles reduces the embedment ratio of diaphragm wall to a minimum value of 0.14 and decreases the δhm and rebound of base soil ( δvrm) by 42% and 63%, respectively. A design suggestion is proposed for pile diameter ( D), pile length ( L), and pile spacing ( S) to fall within the range of 0.4–0.8 m, 10–20 m and 6–8  D, respectively.
A novel method for calculating Bose–Einstein correlation functions with Coulomb final-state interaction
Authors: Nagy Márton , Purzsa Aletta , Csanád Máté , Kincses Dániel
Published: November 2023

Measurements of Bose–Einstein correlations played a crucial role in the discovery and the subsequent detailed exploration of the Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) created in high-energy collisions of heavy nuclei. Such measurements gave rise to femtoscopy, a flourishing sub-field of high-energy physics, and there are important new directions to explore and discoveries to be made in the near future. One of these important current topics is the precise investigation of the shape of the correlation functions utilizing Lévy-stable sources. In this paper, we utilize Lebesgue’s dominated convergence theorem and Fubini’s theorem to present a novel method of calculating the shape of the two-particle correlation functions, including the Coulomb final-state interaction. This method relies on an exact calculation of a large part of the necessary integrals of the Coulomb wave function and can be utilized to calculate the correlation function for any source function with an easily accessible Fourier transform. In this way, it is eminently applicable to Lévy-stable source functions. In this particular case, we find that the new method is more robust and allows the investigation of a wider parameter range than the previously utilized techniques. We present an easily applicable software package that is ready to use in experimental studies.
Thermodynamics and evaporation of perfect fluid dark matter black hole in phantom background
Authors: Liang Xiao , Hu Ya-Peng , Wu Chen-Hao , An Yu-Sen
Published: November 2023

We present a novel interpretation of the thermodynamics of perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM) black hole based on Misner–Sharp energy and then investigate its evaporation behavior. We find that the ratio between dark sector initial density and black hole horizon radius significantly influences black hole evaporation behaviors. We demonstrate that the presence of the dark sector can significantly extend the lifetime of a black hole which is similar to the Reissner–Nordström case. Our work reformulates the thermodynamics of PFDM black holes and points out the existence of long-lived black holes in the presence of the dark sector.
NOVEL CHEBYSHEV-TYPE INEQUALITIES FOR THE GENERAL FRACTIONAL-ORDER INTEGRALS WITH THE RABOTNOV FRACTIONAL EXPONENTIAL KERNEL
Authors: GENG LU-LU , YANG XIAO-JUN
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we first propose two Chebyshev-type inequalities associated with the general fractional-order (Yang–Abdel–Aty–Cattani) integrals with the Rabotnov fractional-exponential kernel under the condition that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are synchronous functions. What is more, by the mathematical induction, we prove a new Chebyshev-type inequality in the case that [Formula: see text] be [Formula: see text] positive increasing functions. Finally, we introduce a novel Chebyshev-type inequality via the general fractional-order integrals with the Rabotnov fractional-exponential kernel under the condition that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are monotonic functions.
HAUSDORFF DIMENSION OF SKELETON NETWORKS OF SIERPIŃSKI CARPET
Authors: ZENG QINGCHENG , XI LIFENG
Published: November 2023

We obtain the Hausdorff dimension of the skeleton networks of Sierpiński carpet by the self-similarity and induction, which will not touch networks.
Efficiency in Orchid Species Classification: A Transfer Learning-Based Approach
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Wang Haozhan
Published: November 2023

Orchid is a type of plant that grows on land. It is highly valued for its beauty and is cherished by many because of its graceful flower shape, delicate fragrance, vibrant colors, and noble symbolism. Although there are various types of orchids, some of them look similar in appearance and color, making it challenging for people to distinguish them quickly and accurately. The existing methods for classifying orchid species face issues with accuracy due to the similarities between different species and the differences within the same species. This affects their practical use. To address these challenges, this paper introduces an efficient method for classifying orchid species using transfer learning. The main achievement of this study is the successful utilization of transfer learning to achieve accurate orchid species classification. This approach reduces the need for large datasets, minimizes overfitting, cuts down on training time and costs, and enhances classification accuracy. Specifically, the proposed approach involves four phases. First, we gathered a collection of 12 orchid image sets, totaling 12,227 images, through a combination of network sources and field photography. Next, we analyzed the distinctive features present in the collected orchid image sets. We identified certain connections between the acquired orchid datasets and other datasets. Finally, we employed transfer learning technology to create an efficient classification function for orchid species based on these relationships. As a result, our proposed method effectively addresses the challenges highlighted. Experimental results demonstrate that our classification algorithm, which utilizes transfer learning, achieves a classification accuracy rate of 96.16% compared to not using the transfer learning method. This substantial improvement in accuracy greatly enhances the efficiency of orchid classification.
Alteration assemblage characterization using machine learning applied to high-resolution drill-core images, hyperspectral data and geochemistry
Authors: Trott McLean , Mooney Cole , Azad Shervin , Sattarzadeh Sam , Bluemel Britt , Leybourne Matthew , Layton-Matthews Daniel
Published: November 2023

Integration of multiple data types is beneficial for prediction of geological characteristics. From the perspective that geochemistry characterizes the composition of a rock mass, hyperspectral data characterizes alteration mineralogy and image feature extraction characterizes texture, most geological classifications would be well-informed by the combination of these three features. The process of meaningfully integrating distinctly sourced datasets and producing scale-relevant predictions for geological classifications involves several steps. We demonstrate a workflow to comprehensively structure and integrate these three feature families, refine training data, predict alteration classes and mitigate noise derived from scale mismatch in output predictions. The dataset, compiled from the Josemaria porphyry copper–gold deposit in Argentina, is comprised of more than 14 000 intervals of approximately 2 m, taken from 36 drillholes, where geochemistry was merged with hyperspectral mineralogy represented as tabular pixel abundances, and textural metrics extracted from core imagery, structured into the geochemical interval. Feature engineering and principal component analysis provided insights into the behaviour of the ore system during intermediate steps, as well as providing uncorrelated feature inputs for a random forest predictor. Training data were refined by producing an initial prediction, thresholding the predictions to >70% dominant class probability and using those (high-probability) samples to produce a final model encoding better constrained separation between alteration assemblages. Prediction using the final model returned an accuracy of 82.5%, as a function of model discrepancy combined with logging ambiguity and a scale mismatch between generalized logged intervals and much more granular (2 m) feature inputs. Noise reduction and generalization to the desired resolution of output was achieved by applying the multiscale multivariate continuous wavelet transform tessellation method to class membership probabilities. Ultimately, a large database of logged drill core was homogenized using empirical methodologies. The described workflow is adaptable to distinct scenarios with some modification and is apt for integrating multiple input feature types and using them to systematically define geological classifications in drillhole data.
GeoSim 2022 Workshop Report: The 5th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Geospatial Simulation
Authors: Kim Joon-Seok , Anderson Taylor , Shashidharan Ashwin , Hohl Alexander
Published: November 2023

Geospatial simulation is an effective tool to experience physical and/or cyber space (e.g., metaverse). New experiences gained from geospatial simulations can bring significant benefits including situation awareness, insight into environments, and entertainment. To take advantage of such simulations, it is crucial to advance methodology of modeling and simulation, develop plausible models and apply them to domains, leveraging big data and evolving technologies.
The Ionomer–Carbon Interaction: A Key Parameter in the Power Performance of Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Hyun Jonghyun , Yang Seok Hwan , Doo Gisu , Lee Dong Wook , Oh Euntaek , Cha Min Suc , Lee Jang Yong , Kim Hee-Tak
Published: November 2023

Compared to the remarkable advances in anion exchange ionomers (AEIs), the catalyst layer (CL) of the anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) has not been sufficiently engineered. Our molecular simulations reveal that the AEIs widely used in this field have weak interaction with the carbon support, presenting the possibility of significant ionomer aggregation in CL. To demonstrate the issue of ionomer–carbon interaction, we investigated CL morphology for various AEIs including polycarbazole-based ionomer (QPC-TMA), FAA-3, PiperION, Sustainion, and compared them with Nafion ionomer that has strong interaction with carbon. In contrast to the uniform Nafion distribution and open-pore structure of Nafion-based CLs, these AEIs are locally aggregated in CL and clog the interstitial pores between the catalyst particles. Furthermore, the comparison of two AEIs with distinct ionomer–carbon interaction energies exhibits that the ionomer with a lower ionomer–carbon interaction energy leads to larger kinetic and mass transport overvoltages. This study provides a fresh perspective that ionomer–carbon support interaction has a significant effect on the structure and performance of the CL.
Exercise training adaptations in liver glycogen and glycerolipids require hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase in mice
Authors: Hughey Curtis C. , Bracy Deanna P. , Rome Ferrol I. , Goelzer Mickael , Donahue E. Patrick , Viollet Benoit , Foretz Marc , Wasserman David H.
Published: November 2023

This study shows that the energy sensor and transducer, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), is necessary for an exercise training-induced: 1) increase in liver glycogen that is necessary for accelerated glycogenolysis during exercise, 2) decrease in liver glycerolipids independent of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux, and 3) decline in the desaturation and elongation of fatty acids comprising liver diacylglycerides. The mechanisms defined in these studies have implications for use of regular exercise or AMPK-activators in patients with fatty liver.
Side-by-side regions in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex estimated within the individual respond differentially to domain-specific and domain-flexible processes
Authors: DiNicola Lauren M. , Sun Wendy , Buckner Randy L.
Published: November 2023

Competing hypotheses link regions of prefrontal cortex (PFC) to domain-flexible or domain-specific processes. Here, using a precision neuroimaging approach, we identify a domain-specialized region in dorsolateral PFC, coupled to the medial temporal lobe and recruited for scene construction. This region is juxtaposed to, but distinct from, broader PFC regions recruited flexibly for cognitive control. Region distinctions align with broader network differences, suggesting that PFC regions gain dissociable processing properties via segregated anatomical projections.
Preparation and Evaluation of Onjisaponin B-Loaded Liposomes for Drug Delivery to Enhance Mitochondrial Function and Rescue Parkinson’s Disease by Activating Mitophagy
Authors: Zhang Junhua , Bao Rui , Raza Faisal , Zafar Hajra , Qi Yingjie , Geng Yurui , Li Ran , Xue Jianqin , Shi Feng
Published: November 2023

Onjisaponin B (OB) is the main active ingredient of Radix Polygalae with various bioactivities. However, the protective effect of OB in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has not been fully studied. Liposomes are ideal nanocarriers for drugs targeting the brain. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of OB-loaded liposomes (lip OB) on a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine- (MPTP-) induced mouse model of PD and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium- (MPP+-) induced cell model of PD. Our results showed that lip OB significantly ameliorated MPTP-induced motor deficits and dopaminergic neuron loss in vivo and prevented MPP+-triggered cell viability reduction and apoptosis in vitro. Lip OB also improved mitochondrial dysfunction in PD models by driving PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Furthermore, silencing PINK1 compromised the beneficial effects of lip OB on MPP+-treated PC12 cells. These findings suggested lip OB mitigates Parkinsonism in vivo and in vitro by enhancing mitochondrial dysfunction through the PINK1/Parkin pathway of mitophagy, which provides a new possibility for treating PD.
Hepatitis C Prevalence on the Rise but Screening at Safety Net Institutions Lagging behind
Authors: Prasa Jarin , Karim Syed S. , Jacob Bobby , Mustacchia Paul
Published: November 2023

Introduction. In the United States, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading contributor to liver-related illnesses and fatalities. Despite effective antiviral medications, acute infections have increased in recent years, likely due to IV drug use and the opioid epidemic. Previous guidelines recommended one-time screening for individuals born between 1945 and 1965. The CDC now recommends screening all adults over 18 unless there is a low prevalence in the area. Accurate measurement of HCV prevalence is essential for targeted prevention. In New York, over 100,000 individuals have HCV. We present data on HCV screening at a safety net hospital in Long Island, NY. Objective. To identify screening rates for hepatitis C and the exposure prevalence and specific demographics of a community in Long Island, NY. Methods. We performed a review of all patients seen in our hospital from 2012 to 2019. We identified patients born in the years 1945 to 1965 using our electronic medical record (EMR) system and subsequently analyzed those who were anti-HCV positive. We reviewed their demographics, including age, gender, and ethnicity, as well as their history of intravenous drug use and HIV coinfection status. Basic statistical analysis was used. Results. Our study identified 21,722 patients born between 1945 and 1965 and found that only 8.5% or 1,858 individuals were screened for hepatitis C. Among them, we found that 5.9% (109) tested positive for HCV antibody, with 3.0% (56) having an active infection. Demographic characteristics of those with HCV antibodies included 70.6% male, 53.2% Caucasian, 33.9% Black, and 15.6% persons who inject drugs (PWID). Conclusion. Our study findings suggest that a significant portion of patients in our community had missed opportunities for screening in our hospital. Our community had an estimated 5.9% prevalence, higher than the national and state averages. Caucasian men had higher prevalences. This study suggests the need for broader screening initiatives and more focused resource allocation, perhaps to safety net institutions, to decrease the burden of HCV.
Cellular, Physiological, and Biochemical Basis of Adaptive Response to Variable Osmotic Environments by the River Shad, Tenualosa ilisha
Authors: Akram Wasim , Tabassum Maliha , Rahi Md. Lifat
Published: November 2023

The river shad, hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha), is an anadromous fish that migrates from marine to freshwater for spawning. This transition/migration poses severe osmotic stress that hilsa needs to successfully minimize. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cellular (ultrastructure of gill and kidney), physiological (hemocyte counts, blood, and water osmolality), and biochemical (free amino acids, free fatty acids, blood glucose, and cortisol levels) parameters of hilsa collected from four different environmental salinity levels (0‰, 10‰, 20‰, and 30‰ salinity levels; using 10 fish samples from each salinity). Results indicate that increased amount of fatty/mucus cells in the gill and lower number of glomerular capsules in kidney were observed at low (0‰ and 10‰) salinities compared to high (20‰ and 30‰) salinities. Water and blood osmolality (total ionic content) showed declining trends with lowering salinities. Total number of blood cells was also found to vary significantly

P
 
<
 
0.05

among salinities. Salinity-specific blood cortisol and glucose levels of hilsa were observed as 0‰ > 10‰ > 30‰ > 20‰. Total essential and free amino acids of hilsa blood showed significantly declining trends

P
 
<
 
0.05

with salinity reductions. No significant differences were observed between 10‰, 20‰, and 30‰ salinities for different types of fatty acids, while hilsa collected from 0‰ showed significantly higher

P
 
<
 
0.05

levels of fatty acids compared to the remaining three salinities. Findings indicate that hilsa rapidly alters cellular, physiological, and biochemical traits for successful transition between different salinity habitats.
Health Resource Gaps in Primary Health Care Facilities: Community Members’ Perspectives in the Era of Universal Health Coverage in Lawra Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Bagrmwin Lawrence , Ferrell Britany , Ziem Bernard , Azie Reuben Aren-enge , Samba Evans Ibn , Kuunifaa Elvis , Kaburu Roger K. , Kobekyaa Francis , Dun-Dery Frederick , Nukpezah Ruth Nimota
Published: November 2023

Background. Health resources are key determinants of healthcare coverage. Community members who utilise healthcare have significant insights into the availability of health resources in providing healthcare. Aim. This study sought to explore community (health committee) members’ perspectives on health resource gaps in lower-level health facilities in the municipality. Methods. The qualitative descriptive study explored the perspectives of community members who served on the health committee. Thirty-four community health committee members at community-based health planning and services (CHPS) compounds, maternity-unit CHPS, and health centres were studied. Results. The study found three high-level categories of resource gaps deemed relevant to community members—infrastructural gaps, equipment gaps, and safety-quality gaps. Conclusion and Recommendation. There are perceived gaps in health resources from the community members’ perspective. It is recommended that the Lawra Municipal Health Directorate and other health directorates with similar health resource challenges take steps to fill health resource gaps to ensure universal health coverage.
Frequency of Diplopia in Zygomatic Complex Fractures—A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Shabbir Maria , Shah Ruqaya , Ahmad Muhtada , Issrani Rakhi , Khan Zafar , Nazal Alotha Salah , Mousa Alsiyat Basant , Alqarni Mohammed Saad , Albalawi Ahmed Saleh , Prabhu Namdeo , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Qayyum Zahid
Published: November 2023

Background. The zygomatic complex is the second most common fracture of the facial bones after the nasal bone. The prominent convex shape of the zygoma makes it vulnerable to traumatic injury. Diplopia is one of the serious complications of zygomatic complex fracture and is a common subjective complaint. Objective. To determine the frequency of diplopia in zygomatic complex fractures. Methodology. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Ward, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. The duration of the study was 1 year (March 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022). A total of 126 patients having zygomatic complex fractures were included in this study. After recording the patient’s complete history, like demographic details and cause for fracture, diplopia was examined clinically. If, during the examination, the patient complained of double vision, this was labeled as diplopia positive (Yes) and negative (No) if the patient did not have any such complain. Data were statistically analyzed. Results. The mean (±SD) age of patients was 33.42 (±9.27), with 91 (72.2%) male patients and 35 (27.8%) female patients. The frequency of diplopia in zygomatic complex fractures was observed in 52 (41.3%) patients. The rate of diplopia was significantly high in patients aged between 31 and 40 years (P-value

=
0.0005

). Conclusion. The frequency of diplopia among patients having zygomatic complex fractures was high in this study. Thus, forming a strategy to properly diagnose and treat it and to prevent persistent morbidity to improve patient’s quality of life is recommended.
New records of teratology in Chiton cumingsii and Chiton granosus (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Peruvian coast
Authors: Cardich-Becerra Luz , Mendivil Alejandro , Cardoso Franz
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the first teratological records for Peruvian waters of Chiton cumingsii Frembly, 1827 and Chiton granosus Frembly, 1827, both species very common in the Southeast Pacific. We found five abnormal individuals in C. cumingsii, and two in C. granosus, including the first recorded splitting abnormalities for these species. An individual of C. cumingsii with a new insertion plate in the tail valve was also observed. We observed that splitting abnormalities in Polyplacophora can be classified as perfect or imperfect, depending on whether the splitted valves are clearly recognized as individual fragments or not. Coalescence between the splitted valves seems to be a common phenomenon, and this coalescence can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. As both species show a combination of hypomerism, coalescence and splitting, we suggest that they are probably interrelated and represent an attempt of the developmental mechanisms of chitons to overcome a valve malformation.
How to Analyse Emojis, gif s, Embedded Images, Videos, and url s: A Bakhtinian Methodological Approach
Authors: Westbrook Fiona
Published: November 2023

This article offers a means of analysing social networking, visual dialogues of emojis, gif s (images in the Graphics Interchange Format), embedded images, videos, and url s (Uniform Resource Locators). Doing so addresses these often overlooked and undervalued forms of visual communication, suggesting a unique means of gaining insights into their use within online interactions. Utilising a Bakhtinian methodology, the author extracts excerpts from her research, situated within Facebook, to demonstrate a Bakhtinian genre analysis, a framework that the author contends is adaptable to multiple social networking spaces. Highlighting emojis, gif s, embedded images, videos, and url s as integral components of online communication, an emphasis is placed on how the text dances with the visual, presenting a nuanced framework for such an analysis. Consequently, an argument is developed for the significance of visual dialogues in contemporary online spaces, and the need for researchers to better understand these dynamic forms of communication, offered through Bakhtinian dialogism.
The identity of Clematis wenxianensis (Ranunculaceae) described from southern Gansu, China
Authors: HUANG QIAO-LAN , WU HAI-SONG , FEI WEN-QUN , YUAN QIONG , YANG QIN-ER
Published: November 2023

Based on critical observations of both herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Clematis wenxianensis (Ranunculaceae), described from Wenxian county in southern Gansu, China, is not essentially different from C. obscura in any characters, a species widely distributed in the country (southern Gansu, northwestern Hubei, southern Ningxia, central and southern Shaanxi, central and southern Shanxi, northern Sichuan). We therefore place C. wenxianensis in synonymy with C. obscura herein.
Early Stages and Notes on the Biology of Melitaea gina Higgins, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Northern Zagros Mts (Iran) with the Special Remarks on Taxonomy
Authors: KOLESNICHENKO KIRILL A. , KOTLOBAY ANATOLY A.
Published: November 2023

This article presents characteristics of the habitats of Melitaea gina Higgins, 1941 and describes the behavior of adults under natural conditions, their host plant, egg chorion, caterpillars, and pupa morphology. The morphology of the early stages and the taxonomy of M. gina are discussed.
Maleated nanolignin as a new coupling agent for wood-plastic composites
Authors: Younesi-Kordkheili Hamed
Published: November 2023

In this work, the influence of maleic anhydride-treated nanolignin as a coupling agent on the various properties of wood fiber-polypropylene composites was investigated. For this purpose, extracted lignin from Bagasse Soda black liquor was modified with maleic anhydride and then different ratios of unmodified and modified nanolignin (1, 3 and 5 wt%) were added to the wood fiber-polypropylene mixture. The composites were then manufactured by injection molding after mixing mechanically to the wood flour either virgin or maleated nanolignin and polypropylene. Structural and thermal properties of nanolignin after modification by maleic anhydride along with physical and mechanical properties of the manufactured composites were determined according to standard methods. The FTIR analysis indicated nanolignin rearrangements showing that some bonds changed or formed after its modification with maleic anhydride. The glass transition temperature of the nanolignin decreased by esterification from 130°C to 100°C. The panel testing results indicated that all physical and mechanical properties of the composites were continuously improved by increasing the maleated nanolignin content from 1 to 5wt%. Thus, the composites with maleated nanolignin presented higher dimensional stability and mechanical strength compared to those prepared with unmodified nanolignin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that treatment with maleic anhydride improves the uniform dispersion of nanolignin in the polymer matrix. The manufactured WPCs can be used as interior and exterior building materials such as decks, sidings and etc.
The Missing Link: Informal Political Elites and Protest in Areas of Limited Statehood
Authors: Hunnicutt Patrick , Gbaintor-Johnson Kou
Published: November 2023

What explains protest mobilization in areas of limited statehood, where the government struggles to make and enforce rules? We adapt existing theory to explain protest mobilization through a comparative perspective, beginning with the proposition that informal political elites who mediate citizens’ interactions with the government in areas of limited statehood represent a crucial but understudied source of political opportunity. We specifically argue that informal political elites who are effective intermediaries between citizens and the state moderate the relationship between grievances and protest at the individual-level. Six months of fieldwork in Liberia substantiates this claim. Leveraging an original, high-frequency household panel dataset, we demonstrate how informal political elites called “community chairpeople” moderate the otherwise positive association between public service shortages and protest. Qualitative data collected through focus groups and interviews provide further evidence of how informal political elites shape protest mobilization in settings where the state is weak.
Reading Interventions for Students in Grades 3–12 With Significant Word Reading Difficulties
Authors: Boucher Alexis N. , Bhat Bethany H. , Clemens Nathan H. , Vaughn Sharon , O’Donnell Katherine
Published: November 2023

Most students with reading difficulties struggle to read words. We examined intervention effects for students with significant word reading difficulties (SWRD; standard score of 80 on at least one pretest measure of word reading), which includes individuals with or at risk for dyslexia. We investigated: (a) What are the effects of reading interventions for students in Grades 3–12 with SWRD? and (b) What intervention features (i.e., instructional components and elements of dosage) are related to improved reading outcomes for the target population? A meta-analysis of 22 studies and 208 effect sizes revealed a statistically significant, positive, mean effect ( g = 0.14, standard error [ SE] = 0.04, p = .01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.04, 0.23]) of interventions for the target population. Subset analyses revealed positive, statistically significant intervention effects on measures of pseudoword reading ( g = 0.38, SE = 0.07, p = .0003, 95% CI [0.21, 0.54]) and pseudoword reading fluency ( g = 0.29, SE = 0.09, p = .010, 95% CI [0.09, 0.49]). Moderator analyses yielded statistically significant, positive effects associated with increased total hours of intervention, β = 0.003, SE = 0.0009, t(8.31) = 3.58, p = .007. Overall, findings indicate a need for interventions that improve generalized real-world reading for the target population.
Deconstructing the Power Dynamics of Prison Research
Authors: Barragan Melissa , Augustine Dallas , Gonzalez Gabriela , Reiter Keramet
Published: November 2023

This article examines methodological dilemmas surrounding entrée, emotion, and epistemology that can arise when conducting qualitative research in carceral settings. We address how our research team navigated consent and presentations of self for maintaining access; how they managed empathy and the emotional toll of conducting research in adversarial settings; and how conflicting narratives raised questions about data validity and knowledge construction. Analysis reveals how institutional power dynamics shape behind-the-scenes methodological decisions we make during fieldwork. Without open discussion, researchers risk perpetuating the opacity we seek to diffuse and replicating the power dynamics we aim to objectively document within total institutions.
Micro Effects on Macro Structure in Social Networks
Authors: Duxbury Scott W.
Published: November 2023

How do individuals’ network selection decisions create unique network structures? Despite broad sociological interest in the micro-level social interactions that create macro-level network structure, few methods are available to statistically evaluate micro-macro relationships in social networks. This study introduces a general methodological framework for testing the effect of (micro) network selection processes, such as homophily, reciprocity, or preferential attachment, on unique (macro) network structures, such as segregation, clustering, or brokerage. The approach uses estimates from a statistical network model to decompose the contributions of each parameter to a node, subgraph, or global network statistic specified by the researcher. A flexible parametric algorithm is introduced to estimate variances, confidence intervals, and p values. Prior micro-macro network methods can be regarded as special cases of the general framework. Extensions to hypothetical network interventions, joint parameter tests, and longitudinal and multilevel network data are discussed. An example is provided analyzing the micro foundations of political segregation in a crime policy collaboration network.
Intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation as a moderator of key predictors of romantic relationship commitment
Authors: Humala Carolyn H , Eisenberg Sabrina J , Coy Anthony E
Published: November 2023

Religious individuals often assume that their beliefs promote strong romantic relationships. Yet the empirical evidence is mixed. To better understand this association, this study examined religious orientation as a moderator within the investment model of commitment. A community sample of 84 couples completed measures on religious orientation and commitment as part of a larger study on romantic relationships. The findings indicate that although both religious motivations promote commitment, they do so differently. Specifically, intrinsic religious orientation buffered the negative effects of dissatisfaction in a relationship; whereas an extrinsic religious orientation attenuated the extent to which alternatives to the relationship influenced commitment. Future research in this area should consider religious orientation, rather than overall religiosity, and examine specific predictors of relationship commitment to provide greater clarity on how religiosity influences romantic relationships. Implications for counseling individuals with religious beliefs are also discussed.
Beyond Governance and Prevention: On the Use(s) of Aristotle for Theorizing Money’s Politics
Authors: Swanson Jacob
Published: November 2023

What are the contents, limits, and possibilities of Aristotle’s works for critical thinking about money? Recent scholarship has (re)turned to Aristotle as an authority for two key political approaches to money. The first aims to democratize the governance of monetary institutions in order to realize more just economic outcomes. The second seeks to prevent money, or its inherently deleterious excesses, from corrupting political actors and political life. Arguing that these two approaches are insightful, important, and incomplete, I reengage Aristotle’s account of money across the Nicomachean Ethics and the Politics to theorize money as a vital but underexplored means of political subject formation. I illuminate how the use of money produces collective and constitutive relations that emerge by way of people’s engagements and entanglements with the things they produce, acquire, desire, and exchange. Bringing this to light also makes visible, I argue, how Aristotle understands money as something capable of being used to both bring about social justice and to pervasively corrupt the foundations of shared democratic life. Taking stock of this dual capacity of money, I show how money’s relationship to subjectivity simultaneously makes money the site of a seemingly intractable problem for politics under capitalism and the means to revive it and reconnect it to democratic life.
System identification in presence of undetectable packet losses in the actuation path
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Amir , Tavassoli Babak
Published: November 2023

Identification of networked systems over communication links with packet losses is considered. It is assumed that there is no connection from the actuators to the system identifier such that no information is available on loss of data packets carrying the actuation signals. While the packet loss occurrences in the sensor links are naturally detectable by the system identifier as the receiving node, the packet loss occurrences in the actuation paths are not directly detectable. The existing system identification methods fail to be applicable without the information on packet loss occurrences. Presenting a solution for this issue is the objective of the present work. Two recursive algorithms are proposed to solve the problem in real time. For this purpose, ARMAX input–output representations of the system with Markovian jumping modes are developed. Then, filters are designed for estimation of the packet loss occurrences. The estimated mode is used in the recursive algorithms for identification of the whole system based on the maximum likelihood approach. A main algorithm and its simplified version are proposed that are capable of finding the various kinds of system parameters including the physical plant parameters and the communication mode transition probabilities. Effectiveness of the algorithms is verified through simulation examples where the system performance is evaluated and compared.
Adaptive optimal sliding mode control for three-phase voltage source inverter: Reinforcement learning approach
Authors: Thi-Thuy Vu Nga , Xuan Nguyen Hieu , Quang Bui Manh
Published: November 2023

The operation of the three-phase standalone inverter is affected by many factors, such as heavy changes in load, unbalanced loads, nonlinear loads, system uncertainties and external disturbances. These are critical weaknesses for the control system of the three-phase inverter to reach robust optimal performance. This paper proposes an adaptive optimal sliding mode control (AOSMC) scheme for a three-phase nonlinear uncertain inverter. This AOSMC strategy solves the problems of nonlinear optimization by adaptive dynamic programming, one of the techniques of reinforcement learning, and overcomes the uncertainties and disturbance effects by a disturbance observer–based sliding mode controller. This algorithm uses only one neural network to approximate the critic; therefore, the burden of computation is significantly reduced. Both the weight matrix of the critic network and the disturbance observer are asymptotically stable. The overall system is guaranteed to be ultimately uniformly bounded stable via Lyapunov stable theory. The simulation is conducted to validate the insensitivity of the proposed AOSMC algorithm to working conditions. Also, the competitive results are presented to demonstrate the improvement of the proposed AOSMC scheme in comparison to some other existing controllers.
Women’s experience with religion and spirituality when perceiving their husband’s pornography use as problematic: A qualitative study
Authors: Hastings Heidi F. , Lucero Jones Rebecca , Dutton Catherine
Published: November 2023

Background: Several recent studies concerning men’s pornography use have challenged past research conclusions that male pornography use negatively impacts relational outcomes in heterosexual relationships. While extant literature has explored the intersection of religion and men’s experience with pornography consumption, the impact on religious wives has primarily been understudied. Purpose: The present study examined the impact of a husband’s problematic pornography use on a religious woman’s spirituality and religiosity. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 women who self-identified as religious women. Faith traditions of the participants include Catholic, Jewish, Latter-day Saint, Native American Spiritual, non-denominational Christians, Protestant Christians, and Spiritual. The data was analyzed using interpretive phenomenology, a qualitative methodology. Results: Using a feminist hermeneutics theoretical lens to analyze the data in a way that gives preference for the woman’s experience, three primary themes emerged: Wrestle with Religion, Relationships that Facilitate Healing, and Spiritual Growth. Nine subthemes were identified, including Influence of Religious Culture, Unmet Expectations of Religious Leaders, Challenges to Faith, Support from Inside the Religion, Recognizing the Need for Support Outside the Religion, Women Need Women for Healing, Divine Assistance, Relationship with God, and A Journey of Growth and Transformation. Conclusions & Implications: These primary themes and subthemes provide a rich description of the religious context, means to healing, and resilience that characterize religious women’s experiences after discovering a husband’s problematic pornography use. Most importantly, the authors discuss significant implications for religious leaders and clinicians seeking to provide culturally sensitive care to distressed women.
A patient with acute myocardial infarction with acute lower extremity arterial embolization underwent amputation under general anesthesia
Authors: Lin Yanjun , Xue Yanyan , Han Yalei , Bao Tongxin , Xue Jing , Lu Liangyuan
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Acute peripheral and coronary artery embolism are common complications of diabetes mellitus and greatly affect the clinical outcome of patients with diabetes; however, there are few reports about the symptoms and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and concurrent acute lower extremity arterial embolism (ALEAE).

Case presentation

A 44-year-old man with a history of 4 years of type 1 diabetes was admitted to hospital after suddenly experiencing severe pain in his right lower limb and feeling tightness in the left anterior chest area. Ultrasonography revealed distal occlusion of the right superficial femoral artery, and an electrocardiogram showed acute anterior interstitial myocardial infarction. After conservative treatment for 2 days, the patient had severe necrosis of the lower limbs and secondary injury of multiple organs. Haemodialysis and heparin anticoagulant therapy were performed before amputation. Twelve days after the operation, the patient's condition was stable, and he was transferred out of the intensive care unit.

Conclusions

If patients with ALEAE miss the opportunity for early treatment, even with AMI, emergency amputation under general anaesthesia is the right strategy to save lives.
Main targets of ibogaine and noribogaine associated with its putative anti-addictive effects: A mechanistic overview
Authors: Ona Genís , Reverte Ingrid , Rossi Giordano N , dos Santos Rafael G , Hallak Jaime EC , Colomina Maria Teresa , Bouso José Carlos
Published: November 2023

Background:

There is a growing interest in studying ibogaine (IBO) as a potential treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). However, its clinical use has been hindered for mainly two reasons: First, the lack of randomized, controlled studies informing about its safety and efficacy. And second, IBO’s mechanisms of action remain obscure. It has been challenging to elucidate a predominant mechanism of action responsible for its anti-addictive effects.

Objective:

To describe the main targets of IBO and its main metabolite, noribogaine (NOR), in relation to their putative anti-addictive effects, reviewing the updated literature available.

Methods:

A comprehensive search involving MEDLINE and Google Scholar was undertaken, selecting papers published until July 2022. The inclusion criteria were both theoretical and experimental studies about the pharmacology of IBO. Additional publications were identified in the references of the initial papers.

Results:

IBO and its main metabolite, NOR, can modulate several targets associated with SUDs. Instead of identifying key targets, the action of IBO should be understood as a complex modulation of multiple receptor systems, leading to potential synergies. The elucidation of IBO’s pharmacology could be enhanced through the application of methodologies rooted in the polypharmacology paradigm. Such approaches possess the capability to describe multifaceted patterns within multi-target drugs.

Conclusion:

IBO displays complex effects through multiple targets. The information detailed here should guide future research on both mechanistic and therapeutic studies.