bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
African American Student’s Guide to College Success
Authors: Brooks F. Erik , Starks Glenn L.
Published: September 2023

This encouraging guide coaches African American and first-generation college students on strategies for maximizing their experiences and success on university campuses.

Marked gaps in academic achievements continue to exist between white and black students on college campuses in America. This motivational book, with contributions from academic role models from within the African American community, provides tools to help ethnically diverse students choose the best college, improve their study skills, and cope with academic anxiety. From college selection to graduation, this practical resource provides firsthand accounts of successful college experiences and the strategies used by former students to obtain their degrees.

This work is divided into four parts. After an introductory section that addresses how to find the right college for aspiring students, the second part discusses the culture of an academic environment and reveals what incoming students may discover on a new campus. The third section introduces the language and lingo used in college settings. Finally, the guide concludes with conversations with successful African Americans who have achieved their undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees. The content also features a helpful college and university directory.
Alexander Hamilton
Authors: Villegas Christina G.
Published: September 2023

An indispensable resource for all readers, this book summarizes the founding of America alongside the personal and public life of one of America's most influential Founders through a comprehensive investigation of Hamilton's extensive writings.
A product of extremely humble birth, Alexander Hamilton rose to become one of America's leading political figures, helping to determine the direction of nearly all of the seminal events of the founding of the country. The author introduces, provides notes on, and critically evaluates approximately 60 key documents that Hamilton wrote from his youth in the Caribbean through his leadership of the Federalist Party in the 1800s. In examining these writings, the book covers important periods of American history including the American Revolution, the ratification of the Constitution, the formation of the nation's first financial system, and the establishment of political parties. This book is a valuable resource for anyone who wants to study the key moments of the revolutionary and founding periods of America through the life and legacy of one of the country's most eminent statesmen. The work concludes with a chronology that provides historical context for the most significant personal and political events in Hamilton's life and a bibliography that offers a basis for further study.
America’s Natural Places: East and Northeast
Authors: Dreese Donelle Nicole
Published: September 2023

From Maine’s Acadia National Park to Kentucky’s Natural Bridge State Park Nature Preserve, this volume provides a snapshot of the most spectacular and important natural places in the East and Northeast.

America’s Natural Places: East and Northeast examines over 50 of the most spectacular and important areas of this region, with each entry describing the importance of the area, the flora and fauna that it supports, threats to the survival of the region, and what is being done to protect it.

Organized by state within the volume, this work informs readers about the wide variety of natural areas across the east and northeast and identifies places that may be near them that demonstrate the importance of preserving such regions.
America's Natural Places: Rocky Mountains and Great Plains
Authors: Enright Kelly
Published: September 2023

From Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado to the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve in Kansas, this volume provides a snapshot of the most spectacular and important natural places in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains.

America's Natural Places: Rocky Mountains and Great Plains examines over 50 of the most spectacular and important areas of this region, with each entry describing the importance of the area, the flora and fauna that it supports, threats to the survival of the region, and what is being done to protect it.

Organized by state within the volume, this work informs readers about the wide variety of natural areas across the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains and identifies places that may be near them that demonstrate the importance of preserving such regions.
Clocking In
Authors: Nydegger Rudy
Published: September 2023

Covering important topics such as job satisfaction, workplace stress, and the changing nature of jobs and careers in the 21st century, this valuable resource explores how working affects us psychologically, for better and for worse and sometimes in imperceptible ways. Although most people go to work Monday through Friday, few stop to think about the central role work plays in our lives. Besides allowing us to provide for the material needs of ourselves and our families, having a job or career can help us to meet new people and stay socially connected, to increase our self-esteem and sense of self-worth, and to allow us to have an impact on the world. But work can also leave us exhausted and stressed, and many people find it difficult to balance their work and personal lives. This clear and accessibly written book in Greenwood's Psychology of Everyday Life series provides readers with an understanding of the important roles work plays in our lives, the many forms work may take, and the ways in which our relationships with work change throughout our lives. The information, presented in an unassuming, easy-to-understand manner, is drawn from classical theory as well as from contemporary research, affording readers a well-rounded understanding of the topic. The book also includes a collection of real-world scenarios to illustrate key concepts as well as scholarly essays offering perspective on current issues and debates related to work in America.
Elena Kagan
Authors: Greene Meg
Published: September 2023

Readers seeking information about Elena Kagan—from her early life and her ascent to the Supreme Court to how she approaches questions of fairness, justice, equality, and civil rights—will find this biography engaging and invaluable.

Elena Kagan can be considered a “wild card” in terms of how she will vote and affect Supreme Court decisions. While largely considered a liberal, her lack of a judicial “track record” and previous work as Solicitor General lend an air of uncertainty as to how she will react to upcoming cases that have proven highly divisive and controversial.

This full-length biography sheds light on Elena Kagan's life, covering her college years at Princeton and her experience in law school as well as her legal career, which eventually led her to a seat on the U.S. Supreme Court. Appropriate for high school, college, and adult readers, the book not only documents Justice Kagan’s life, achievements, and the possibilities for the future, but also how Kagan is an inspiring role model who demonstrated independence, determination, and high achievement throughout her career.
Guide to the Universe: Stars and Galaxies
Authors: Jones Lauren V.
Published: September 2023

This up-to-date volume offers student researchers an unexcelled primer on current scientific knowledge about stars. This volume in the Greenwood Guides to the Universe series provides the most up-to-date understanding available of the current knowledge about stars. Scientifically sound, but written with the student in mind, Stars is an excellent first step for young people researching the exciting scientific discoveries that continue to extend our knowledge of the universe. Stars is organized thematically to help students better understand these most interesting heavenly bodies. Stars discusses all areas of what is known about the subject. It will help student understand things such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, pulsars, and black holes. And it will answer student questions such as: Why do stars have different colors and how are they classified? How do we know what stars are made of? How did scientists figure out how stars evolved?
How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper
Authors: Gastel Barbara , Day Robert A.
Published: September 2023

Now thoroughly updated and expanded, this new edition of a classic guide offers practical advice on preparing and publishing journal articles as well as succeeding in other communication-related aspects of a scientific career.

Writing and publishing journal articles are essential aspects of a successful scientific career. Unfortunately, many scientists find the process of communicating about their work intimidating and confusing. Now in its eighth edition, How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper teaches how to apply clear focus, good organization, and simple, straightforward language to write papers as well as communicate effectively in many other scientifically related applications.
THE CULTURE OF LEGAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES FROM COACHING
Authors: Timbira Dias dos Santos Fredson
Published: September 2023

This article explores the development of legal entrepreneurship culture in public universities through coaching. While the relationship between public universities and productive sectors in Brazil is limited, in the United States, this culture is more pronounced, having a global influence since the 20th century. Universities are hubs for knowledge production and professional advancement. However, depending on a country’s political perspective, academic entrepreneurship can either be readily embraced or face cultural barriers. For instance, while the U.S. boasts a strong tradition of academic entrepreneurship, Brazil, despite progress, still finds this culture hindered by political and economic factors. Particularly in Brazil, debates about the state’s role in the economy, especially education, are exacerbated by ongoing political and economic crises. This context raises questions about promoting entrepreneurship, specifically in the legal field, within public universities. How can coaching assist in this endeavor, bridging the gap between academia and productive sectors? This paper argues that entrepreneurship, prevalent in the business world, is vital in the academic setting, especially in the legal domain traditionally oriented towards public service. A further rationale for this study is the rising global significance of coaching and its benefits for human and institutional development. The article employs the inductive method by Francis Bacon, examining how coaching can cultivate an entrepreneurial spirit in academia, specifically at the State University of Bahia in Itaberaba.
La iglesia popular en Nicaragua
Authors: E. B.
Published: September 2023

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 37, No. 406, 1982: 825-827.
Hastalar Hukukuna Dair 17. Yüzyıl Tarihli Bir Eser: İbn Tâcuddîn el-Hanefî’nin Ahkâmu’l-merdâsı ve Hastalarla İlgili Fıkhî Hükümler
Authors: Özaykal Merve
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmanın ana konusu, 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı fakihi İbn Tâcuddîn el-Hanefî’nin kaleme aldığı Ahkâmu’l-merdâ isimli eseridir. Makalenin amacı, eser özelinde Hanefî fıkhında hastaya ilişkin hükümleri serdetmektir. İbn Tâcuddîn, mezhebin muteber kitaplarından alıntılar yapmak suretiyle ve klasik fıkıh eserlerinin bâb sistematiğini büyük oranda takip ederek bir hastalar hukuku monografisi ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmada öncelikle, Osmanlıda kâdılık ve müderrislik görevini icra etmiş bir alim olan İbn Tâcuddin el-Hanefî’nin biyografisi kısaca verilmiş, ardından eser teknik yönleri ve içeriği açısından incelenmiştir. Daha sonra ise Ahkâmu’l-merdâ’da yer alan ibâdât, muâmelât (özel hukuk) ve ceza hukuku alanlarında hastanın durumu ve hastalarla ilgili hükümler sunulmuştur. Yine eserde yer alan hastalıklar ve hükme etkisi, tedavi olmanın hükmü ve tedavide kullanılan yöntem ve maddelerin hükmü ele alınmıştır. Böylece ilgili eser özelinde, Hanefî fıkhında yer alan hastalar hukukuna ilişkin hükümler ve bilgiler sunularak değerlendirilmiştir.
İbn Şehrezûrî’nin Şartlı Boşamaya Dair Risâlesi
Authors: Şanalmış Abdülkadir
Published: September 2023

Şâfiî mezhebi fakihlerinden İbn Şehrezûrî’nin (ö. 533/1139) şartlı boşamaya dair risâlesi onun önemli eserleri arasında yer almaktadır. Risâle fî ta’lîki’t-talâk adlı eserinde Şâfiîler ile Mâlikîler arasında ihtilaflı bir mesele olan şartlı boşamada vasfın mutlaka gerçekleşecek bir nitelikte olmasına dair konuyu incelemiş ve mezhebinin görüşlerini delilleri ile savunmuştur. Risâle, Mâlikîlerin şarta bağlı vasfın gelecek zamanda mutlaka tahakkuk etmesi halinde boşamanın derhal gerçekleşeceğine dair görüşlerine reddiye mahiyetindedir. Çalışmamız iki açıdan önemlidir. İlki, kadim bir ilim merkezi olan Şehrezûr’a nispet edilen ve Şâfiî fıkhında devrinin en büyük âlimlerinden birinin tanıtılması, bir eserinin tercüme edilmesi ve konu bazlı bazı fıkhî görüşlerinin ortaya konmasıdır. Bu açıdan çalışmamızın bir ilki teşkil ettiğini söyleyebiliriz. İkincisi ise risâlenin İslâm aile hukukunun en çetrefilli meselelerden biri olan şartlı boşamayı konu edinmesidir. Bu vesileyle söz konusu risâlenin çeviri ve değerlendirilmesine dair çalışmamızın güncel bir meseleyi açıklayıcı mahiyete sahip olması bakımından önem arz ettiğini belirtebiliriz.
Pozitif Psikolojinin Manevi Danışmanlıkta Kullanımı Açısından Affedicilik Erdemi
Authors: Bozkaya Tuğba
Published: September 2023

Araştırmada pozitif psikolojinin manevi danışmanlıkta kullanımına yönelik geliştirilen uygulamanın gençlik manevi danışmanlık hizmetlerinde etkinliğini ölçmek amaçlanmıştır. Uygulamanın geliştirilmesinde pozitif psikolojinin, din eğitiminin ve manevi danışmanlığın yöntem ve teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma için geliştirilen programda pozitif psikolojinin karakter güçlerinden biri olan affedicilik erdemi ele alınmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrenciler, Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi öğrencileri arasından basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiştir. Araştırma 15 deney, 5 kontrol grubu olmak üzere toplamda 30 üniversite öğrencisi ile 6 hafta süreyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma yöntemi olarak ön test ve son test ölçümlü, deney ve kontrol gruplu, değişkenler arasındaki neden sonuç ilişkisini belirlemeyi amaçlayan yarı deneysel bir yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırma deseni 2x2’lik karışık (Mixed Design/ split plot) desen olarak tanımlanabilir. Desenin bağımlı değişkenleri katılımcıların din eğitimi temelli pozitif psikoloji uygulamaları sonrasında affedicilik düzeyleridir. “Pozitif Psikoloji Bağlamında Din Eğitimi Temelli Manevi Danışmanlık Uygulamaları” araştırmanın bağımsız değişkenidir. Araştırmada, Aslı Bugay, Ayhan Demir ve Rakel Delevi arafından Türkçe uyarlaması yapılan “Heartland Affetme Ölçeği” (HAÖ) kullanılmıştır.
Sûre-Konu Bağlamının Dikkate Alınmasının Anlam Üzerine Etkisi: en-Neml 27/82 Örnekliğinde “Dâbbe” Konusu Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Çalışkan Başer Hatice Merve
Published: September 2023

Kur’ân’ın bir ayetini anlamak için, o ayet ile ilgili bilgilerin yanında ayetin siyâk-sibâkına, bulunduğu sûrenin tamamına bakmak ve ayette bahsedilen konuya temas eden diğer sureleri incelemek önemlidir. Makalenin konusu Neml sûresinin 82. ayetinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada Kur’ân’ın daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için bağlamında okunmasının önemini vurgulamak amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman ve içerik analizinin kullanıldığı çalışmaya göre sûrenin bütünlüğünde şirk eleştirisinin yanında “kıyamet günü” tüm yapılanların ortaya çıkarılacağının vurgulandığı görülmektedir. Sûrenin konusundaki vurgudan ötürü ana teması kıyamet olan diğer ayetlere bakıldığında kıyamet anının insanların yapıp etikleri “organlar, melekler ve kitaplar tarafından haber verilmesi” gibi farklı şekillerde tasvir edildiği görülmektedir. Diğer taraftan çalışmaya konu olan sûrenin 82. ayetinde yer alan “dâbbe” kelimesi kıyametten önce adaletsizliğin, kötülüğün ilerlediği bir zamanda çıkacak varlık olarak tanımlanmıştır. Kur’ân’da on sekiz yerde geçen kelime, özellikle bu ayette “dâbbe” anlatılarına konu olmuştur. Rivayetlerin yorumlanmasıyla zamanın bilinmeyen, zarar veren çeşitli durumları “dâbbe” şeklinde anlaşılabilmiştir. Hem sure bütünlüğü hem konuyla ilgili benzer ayetler birlikte değerlendirildiğinde kıyamet öncesinin değil de kıyamet anının vurgulandığı ayet “yeryüzünden bir canlının/dâbbenin çıkıp insanlara yaptıklarını haber vermesi” şeklinde anlaşılabilir.
American Jewry and Its Representation in Educational Texts, 1955-2003
Authors:   Tali Tadmor-Shimony, Oved Orit
Published: September 2023

This article discusses the representation of American Jewry in the history curricula and textbooks for middle and high school students over three generations between 1955 and 2003. We argue that educational text functions as a litmus test to determine the importance of a subject in the national narrative. The article discusses two issues that reflect dilemmas in public, academic, and educational discourse: the representation of American Jews and their characteristics; and the representation of American religious movements and their principles. Two conclusions might be drawn from these: Firstly, those study topics have not been altered in the course of three generations, although the presentation of subject matter has been modified over the years; and secondly, there has been a significant change in the curricula and textbooks with regard to the Reform Movement. While the authors of the first-generation texts deny the legitimacy of the Reform Movement, those of the second-generation refer to it in neutral terms, thus conveying the impression that it is a legitimate phenomenon.
Producción científica sobre el Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida
Authors: Pinto Geraldo Estevo , Georges Marcos Ricardo Roda
Published: September 2023

La reciente provisión de vivienda del Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida cambió el panorama en las ciudades brasileñas, enfrentó el déficit habitacional e impactó la economía brasileña. Esta nueva y significativa realidad brasileña exige la construcción de conocimientos y nuevas percepciones. Se consolidó la producción de artículos en revistas como medio de comunicación científica. El modelo de publicación electrónica Electronic Scientific Online Library ha sido un facilitador del intercambio cultural. Analizar la producción científica, utilizando datos bibliográficos indexados en la base de datos SciELO, en formato de artículos científicos del Programa Minha Casas Minha Vida, es el objetivo de esta investigación, que es un estudio bibliográfico, de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo. Los datos recogidos en los artículos se analizan e interpretan mediante la técnica bibliométrica y el análisis de contenido. Los artículos analizados, objeto de la investigación, incorporan una mirada crítica y hacen referencia a la mejora de las políticas públicas de vivienda. Abordan problemas importantes en el conocimiento de este universo complejo y otros elementos históricos y estructurales quedan sin mayor elaboración. No se abordaron aspectos contextuales relevantes como el tema de género, trabajo y medio ambiente.
BLOOD SERVICE OF THE ARMED FORCES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS (For the 60th anniversary of the organization)
Authors:   Healthcare Institution “6th City Clinical Hospital”, Goldinberg B. , Tratsiak D. ,   432 Order of the Red Star main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus
Published: September 2023

The creation of an autonomous Blood Service in the Armed Forces (AF) is connected with the formation of intensive therapy in military medicine to meet the current need for donated blood and its components as well as to organize the deployment of Blood Service institutions during wartime. The beginning was the creation in 1961 the blood and Tissue research laboratory at the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. In 1962 the Blood Service was formed in the structure of the medical service of the Belarusian Military District.
UROLOGICAL WAR INJURIES. PREVALENCE, CLINICAL PICTURE AND METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS WAR UROLOGICAL INJURES
Authors:   432 Order of the Red Star main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, M. V. Doronin , I. D. Dub ,   432 Order of the Red Star main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, E. S. Shpilenya , V. N. Bordakov , S. V. Stoma ,   432 Order of the Red Star main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, A.V. Chibirev ,   432 Order of the Red Star main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, L. B. Meparishvili ,   432 Order of the Red Star main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, Strigo A. V.
Published: September 2023

The aim of the present study was to express the present opinion on methods of diagnosis war urological injures, based on experience of War conflicts recent years. After data processing, our article will help you to work out the strategy and tactics of treatment, depending on conditions at each stage of medical evacuation.
ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS OF THE THEORY OF AUTOWAVE PROCESSES IN NEUROLOGY AND MEDICINE
Authors:   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, A. V. Boika
Published: September 2023

Mathematical modeling of neurophysiological and neuropathological processes and conditions is one of the clusters of neuroscience development. This problematic article provides examples of autowave processes (AVPs) described to date in various areas of Neurology and Medicine, and also demonstrates possible directions/prospects for the further use of the AVP theory in clinical practice. The concept of “autowave penumbra” is introduced, which reflects a change in the nature of bioelectrical processes in active mediums of the body (the nature of self-organization of the neuronal pacemaker activity and/or the nature of the propagation of depression/depolarization waves) with the formation of self-sustaining pathological electrophysiological (bioelectric, autowave processes) that manifest themselves and changes in immune responses (activation of cytokines, for example), excessive neurodegeneration (activation of neuronal apoptosis, for example), etc.
HUMANITARIAN MISSION IN THE SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC PERFORMED BY SPECIAL PURPOSE MEDICAL UNIT
Authors:   432 Order of the Red Star main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, A. P. Trukhan , A. A. Hurinovich ,   432 Order of the Red Star main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, I. A. Dudko ,   Central Military Medical Commission of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus
Published: September 2023

The article considers the performing of a humanitarian mission by a special purpose medical unit in the Syrian Arab Republic. The features of involvement of medical units of the Ministry of Defense to provide medical care to victims of natural disasters are determined. The identified features must be taken into account when planning the use of medical units in the aftermath of emergency situations.
EXPERIENCE IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS OF BILIARY ETIOLOGY
Authors:   432 Order of the Red Star main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, Mazanik А. V. , Blakhov N. Yu. ,   432 Order of the Red Star main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, Chumanevich O. A. ,   432 Order of the Red Star main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, Patsai D. I. ,   432 Order of the Red Star main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, Karvash S. L. ,   432 Order of the Red Star main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, Trukhan A. P. ,   432 Order of the Red Star main military clinical medical center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus
Published: September 2023

The general characteristics of the methods and results of the treatment of acute pancreatitis of biliary etiology for the period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021 are presented. Patients with acute biliary pancreatitis are cared for based on the key principles of acute pancreatitis treatment of any other etiology – the long-term multicomponent intensive therapy aimed to relieve the syndrome of the systemic inflammatory response, to prevent multiple organ failure and infection of pancreatic necrosis foci, to refuse direct surgical interventions at the early stage of the disease, the reasonable use of minimally invasive draining interventions and the use of a regimen of repeated programmed operations to actively control all areas of necrotic destruction and infection to prevent the development of intra-abdominal complications. Currently the key component of complex treatment of acute pancreatitis of biliary etiology is unanimously considered as the relief (conservative or surgical) of pancreatobiliary ductal hypertension. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy with choledochal drainage according to Halsted is a pathogenetically substantiated method of choosing the final treatment for acute biliary pancreatitis and should be performed regardless of the severity of the disease during the current hospitalization in all patients, as soon as their condition allows them to transfer the intervention. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy with choledochal drainage according to Halsted is a pathogenetically grounded method of choice of the definitive treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis etiology and should be carried out regardless of the disease severity in the period of the current hospitalization for all patients as soon as their state allows to survive the intervention. Lethal outcomes at moderately severe and severe acute biliary pancreatitis are almost evenly distributed according to the terms (till/later than 2 weeks) after the disease beginning; their main cause is progressing multiple organ failure both in the aseptic course of the disease and at pancreatic necrosis infection.
Investigating the effect of silicate and calcium based ocean alkalinity enhancement on diatom silicification
Authors: Ferderer Aaron , Schulz Kai G. , Riebesell Ulf , Baker Kirralee G. , Chase Zanna , Bach Lennart Thomas
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Gigatonne-scale atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will almost certainly be needed to supplement the emission reductions required to keep global warming between 1.5–2 °C. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is an emerging marine CDR method with the addition of pulverized minerals to the surface ocean being one widely considered approach. A concern of this approach is the potential for dissolution products released from minerals to impact phytoplankton communities. We conducted an experiment with 10 pelagic mesocosms (M1–M10) in Raunefjorden, Bergen, Norway to assess the implications of simulated silicate- and calcium-based mineral OAE on a coastal plankton community. Five mesocosms (M1, M3, M5, M7 and M9) were enriched with silicate (~75 µmol L-1 Na2SiO3), alkalinity along a gradient from 0 to ~600 µmol kg-1, and magnesium in proportion to alkalinity additions. The other five mesocosms (M2, M4, M6, M8, M10) were enriched with alkalinity along the same gradient and calcium in proportion to alkalinity additions. The experiment explored many components of the plankton community, from microbes to fish larvae, and here we report on the influence of mineral based OAE on diatom silicification. Macronutrients (nitrate and phosphate) limited silicification at the onset of the experiment until nutrient additions on day 26. Silicification was significantly greater in the silicate-based mineral treatments, with silicate concentrations limiting silicification in the calcium-based treatment. The degree of silicification varied significantly between genera, and genera specific silicification also varied significantly between alkalinity mineral sources, with the exception of Cylindrotheca. Pseudo-nitzschia was the only genus affected by alkalinity, whereby silicification increased with increasing alkalinity during some periods of the experiment. No other genera displayed significant changes in silicification as a result of alkalinity increases between 0 and 600 µmol kg-1 above natural levels. Nor did we observe any indication of interactive effects between simulated mineral dissolution products and changes in carbonate chemistry. Previous experiments have provided evidence of alkalinity effects on diatoms underscoring the necessity for further studies under a range of boundary/environmental conditions to extract a more robust pattern of diatom responses to OAE. In summary, our findings suggest limited genus-specific impacts of alkalinity on diatoms, while also highlighting the importance of understanding the full breadth of different OAE approaches, their risks, co-benefits, and potential for interactive effects.
Arctic shoreline displacement with open satellite imagery and data fusion: A pilot study 1984–2022
Authors: Nylén Tua , Calle Mikel , Gonzales-Inca Carlos
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The Arctic coast is facing rapid changes due to thawing permafrost and melting glaciers and sea ice. Communities all around the Arctic urgently need local-scale information on coastal change. This study aimed at developing a scalable and transferable procedure for mapping shoreline displacement in Arctic conditions by using an archive of satellite images. Our approach utilizes cloud computing in Google Earth Engine to process a large number of open satellite images for large areas and a long period of time (here 39 years). The procedure was iteratively developed in two contrasting study areas in Arctic Norway. It applies data fusion (including sensor fusion, algorithm fusion, and decision fusion) to improve classification accuracy and processing efficiency. For one 2 500 km2 area of interest, the procedure utilizes c. 600 satellite images to create coastal land cover and shoreline time series in less than one hour. Data fusion reduces problems related to the low availability and quality of satellite data in the Arctic before 2013 and reduces the impacts of noise and short-term changes. However, low data availability tends to create local gaps in the time series. Validation in the Tanafjorden and north-western Svalbard coasts indicates an overall classification accuracy of more than 99 % (against an independent sample of 2000 coastal points) and a median shoreline error distance of less than 15 m (against manually digitized shoreline) in 2019–2022. We exemplify how the method produces new information for identifying coastal change hotspots and examining long-term trends and local scale processes. We give examples of glacier retreat, spit migration, and delta development. This procedure is scalable and transferable to any coastal area demonstrating potential for producing the first circumpolar dataset of shoreline displacement.
Calibration methods for laser ablation Rb–Sr geochronology: comparisons and recommendation based on NIST glass and natural reference materials
Authors: Glorie Stijn , Gilbert Sarah , Hand Martin , Lloyd Jarred
Published: September 2023

Abstract. In-situ Rb–Sr geochronology using LA-ICP-MS/MS technology allows rapid dating of K-rich minerals such as micas (e.g. biotite, muscovite, phlogopite) and K-feldspar. While many studies have demonstrated the ability of the method, analytical protocols vary significantly and to date no studies have provided an in-depth comparison and synthesis in terms of precision and accuracy. Here we compare four calibration protocols based on commonly used reference materials for Rb–Sr dating. We demonstrate that downhole fractionation trends (DHF) for natural biotite, K-feldspar and phlogopite contrast with that for the commonly used Mica-Mg nano-powder reference material. Consequently, Rb–Sr dates calibrated to Mica-Mg can be up to 5 % inaccurate and the degree of inaccuracy appears to be unsystematic between analytical sessions. Calibrating to Mica-Mg also introduces excess uncertainty that can be avoided with a more consistent primary calibration material. We propose a calibration approach involving NIST-610 glass as the primary reference material (RM) and a natural mineral with similar DHF characteristics to the analysed samples as secondary RM to correct for matrix-dependent fractionation. In this work, MDC phlogopite (the source mineral for Mica-Mg nano-powder) was used as the secondary RM, consistently producing accurate Rb–Sr dates for a series of natural biotites and K-feldspars with well-characterized expected ages. However, biotite from the Banalasta Adamellite, Taratap Granodiorite and Entire Creek pegmatite are also suitable secondary RMs for Rb/Sr ratio calibration purposes with consistently <1.5 % fully propagated uncertainties in our methodological approach. Until calibration using isochronous natural standards as the primary RM becomes possible in data-reduction software, the two-step calibration approach described here is recommended.
Annual time-series 1-km maps of crop area and types in the conterminous US (CropAT-US): cropping diversity changes during 1850–2021
Authors: Ye Shuchao , Cao Peiyu , Lu Chaoqun
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Agricultural activities have been recognized as an important driver of land use and cover changes (LUCC) and have significantly impacted ecosystem feedback to climate, air, and water quality by altering land surface properties. A reliable historical cropland distribution dataset is crucial for understanding and quantifying the legacy effects of agriculture-related LUCC. While several LUCC datasets have the potential to depict cropland patterns in the conterminous US, there remains a dearth of a high-resolution dataset with crop type details over a long period. To address this gap, we reconstructed historical cropland density and crop type maps from 1850 to 2021 at a resolution of 1 km×1 km by integrating inventory datasets and gridded LUCC products. The results showed that the developed dataset is highly consistent with the county-level inventory data, with an R2 approaching one and RMSE less than 3 Mha (million hectares) at the national level. Temporally, the US total crop acreage has increased by 118 Mha from 1850 to 2021, primarily driven by corn (30 Mha) and soybean (35 Mha). Spatially, the hotspots of cropland shifted from Eastern US to the Midwest and the Great Plains, and the dominant crop types (corn and soybean) moved toward the Northwest of the US. Moreover, we found the US cropping system diversity experienced a significant increase from 1850s to 1960s, followed by a dramatic decrease in the recent six decades under the intensified agriculture. Generally, the developed dataset could facilitate the spatial data development in delineating crop-specific management practices and enable the quantification of cropland change impacts.
Use of satellite remote sensing to validate reservoir operations in global hydrological models: a case study from the CONUS
Authors: Otta Kedar , Müller Schmied Hannes , Gosling Simon N. , Hanasaki Naota
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Although river discharge simulations from global hydrological models have undergone extensive validation, there has been less validation of reservoir operations, primarily because of limited observational data. However, recent advancements in satellite remote sensing technology have facilitated the collection of valuable data regarding water surface area and elevation, thereby providing the ability to validate reservoir storage. In this study, we sought to establish a methodology for validation and intercomparison of reservoir storage within global hydrological model simulations using satellite-derived data. Accordingly, we chose two satellite-derived reservoir operation products, DAHITI and GRSAD, to create monthly time series storage data for seven reservoirs in the contiguous United States (CONUS) , with access to long-term ground truth data (the total catchment area accounts for about 9 % of CONUS). We assessed two global hydrological models that participated in the Inter Sectoral Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) Phase 3 project, H08 and WaterGAP2, with three distinct forcing datasets: GSWP3-W5E5 (GW), CR20v3-W5E5 (CW), and CR20v3-ERA5 (CE). The results indicated that WaterGAP2 generally outperforms H08; the CW forcing dataset demonstrated superior results compared with GW and CE; the DAHITI showed better consistency with ground observations than GRSAD if temporal coverage is sufficient. Overall, our study emphasizes the potential uses of satellite remote sensing data in reservoir operations validation and underscores the importance of normalization and decomposition techniques for improved validation efficacy. The results highlight the relative performances of different hydrological models and forcing datasets, yielding insights concerning future advancements in reservoir simulation and operational studies.
Thinning and surface mass balance patterns of two neighbouring debris-covered glaciers in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Chuanxi , Yang Wei , Miles Evan , Westoby Matthew , Kneib Marin , Wang Yongjie , He Zhen , Pellicciotti Francesca
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Debris-covered glaciers are a common feature of the
mountain cryosphere in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. A better
understanding of these glaciers is necessary to reduce the uncertainties in
regional water resource variability and to anticipate potential cryospheric
risks. In this study, we quantified the seasonal thinning and surface mass
balance patterns of two neighbouring debris-covered glaciers (23K Glacier and
24K Glacier) in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau with four unpiloted aerial
vehicle surveys and in situ measurements. We observed that the thinning of 23K
Glacier was ∼2–7 times greater than that of the 24K Glacier for
annual and cold periods. The surface velocity of the 24K Glacier is higher than
that of the 23K Glacier (∼5–6 times) for all periods. In contrast
with the thinning patterns, the surface mass balance patterns of the two
glaciers closely agree across the different periods. We found that the
surface mass balance distribution strongly correlated with the spatial
distribution of debris thickness for both glaciers. Ice cliffs and
supraglacial ponds are prevalent on the surface of these glaciers
(∼4.4–7.2±0.5 %) and enhance melt overall
(enhancement factor: ∼2.5) but do not control the surface
mass balance pattern of either glacier. This comparison study of two
neighbouring glaciers confirms the significance of both glacier dynamics and
debris thickness in controlling thinning and melt for the different
debris-covered glaciers of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau in the context
of climate change.
Synchronised WindScanner Field Measurements of the Induction Zone Between Two Closely Spaced Wind Turbines
Authors: Kidambi Sekar Anantha Padmanabhan , Hulsman Paul , van Dooren Marijn , Kühn Martin
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Field measurements of the flow interaction between the near-wake of an upstream wind turbine and the induction zone of a downstream turbine are scarce. Measuring and characterising these flow features in wind farms for various operational states can be used to evaluate flow models and design control systems at the windfarm level. In this paper, we present induction zone measurements of a utility-scale 3.5 MW turbine with a rotor diameter of 126 m in a two-turbine wind farm operating under waked and un-waked conditions. The measurements were conducted with two synchronised continuous-wave WindScanner lidars that could resolve longitudinal and lateral velocities by dual-Doppler reconstruction. An error analysis was performed to quantify the uncertainty in measuring complex flow situations with two WindScanners by simulating the measurement setup, WindScanners sensing characteristics, and inflow conditions in a Large-Eddy Simulation. The flow evolution in the induction zone of the downstream turbine was characterised by performing horizontal planar dual-Doppler scans at the hub height for four different inflow cases, varying from undisturbed inflow to full and partial wake scenarios. The measurements revealed more evidence of horizontal asymmetry of the induction zone owing to vertical wind shear under undisturbed inflow conditions. Evaluation of the engineering models of the undisturbed induction zone showed good agreement along the rotor axis. In the full wake case, the measurements indicated a deceleration of the upstream turbine wake due to the downstream turbine induction zone as a result of the very short turbine spacing. We observed that the downstream turbine induction zone during wake steering depended on the direction of the wake steering while the lateral movement of the deflected wake could be measured.
Bringing Ageing to Life: A Comparative Study of Age Categories
Authors: Hawkins Charlotte , Haapio-Kirk Laura
Published: September 2023

This article offers a comparative ethnographic study of ageing as both category and experience. Drawing on simultaneous 16-month ethnographies conducted as part of the ASSA project, we focus on how ageing is being re-defined in eight contexts around the world, with particular focus on the authors’ field sites: rural and urban settings in both Japan and Uganda. Despite being among the world’s oldest and youngest populations, respectively, there are various affinities in both ethnographies of age and technology use related to the reconfiguration of family-care norms across distances. This shared finding informs the articulation of age categories, which we found to be negotiated in line with established intergenerational expectations and family roles. This paper is illustrated with ethnographic examples of how people redefine ageing in context and in turn bring ‘age’ to life, demonstrating the social significance of age categories.
Boven de 50ste breedtegraad.
Authors: Beukers Mariëlla
Published: September 2023

Before the climate changes of the late 20th century, the northern part of the Low Countries was generally assumed too cold and wet for viticulture. However, there is evidence of medieval vineyards and viticulture, for example in the gardens of several castles and noble residences in Holland and Gelre around 1375. This article explores the position, size and nature of one of those late fourteenth century castle vineyards above the 50th parallel and concludes that the reason for planting those vineyards was the production of verjuice – the sour juice of unripe grapes. An apparent contradiction is thereby resolved: climatic conditions might have prevented serious wine production, but not vineyard planting.
dynamiek van naoorlogse private schuldgroei in Nederland
Authors: Van Riel Arthur , De Vries Casper G.
Published: September 2023

The level of private debt in the Netherlands is exceptional in both historical and comparative terms. High debt ratios inhibit economic growth, induce financial fragility and lead to deeper and more tenacious recessions. Facilitated by fiat money creation, private debt in the modern economy mainly consists of bank credit. Internationally shared causes of the rise in bank money are the decline in cash payments, tax deductions and a narrowed focus in monetary policy. In the Dutch case, liberalized mortgages, the side effects of the funded pension system and the strong concentration of the banking system add to these. It is the confluence of these factors that has made Dutch debt growth since the 1970s exceptional. Some of these, notably the deduction of interest on mortgages and financial deregulation, have dominated the debate on this subject and hence are part of public perception. However, this does not apply to other mechanisms mentioned, such as the role of bank money and that of bank concentration. As a result, policy analysis of the debt problem thus far has been selective. The lessons of Dutch financial development are of importance to the realization of the European banking union and to monetary policy and taxation in the euro area. Our analysis demonstrates the usefulness of applied history.
Incidência da perfuração timpânica e suas causas em um centro de saúde auditiva no oeste do Paraná
Authors: Schuh Maysa , Montenegro André Pinto
Published: September 2023

A perfuração da membrana timpânica forma uma conexão entre a orelha externa e média, sendo decorrente de diferentes etiologias. A maior incidência dessa condição, segundo a literatura, é encontrada em homens, sendo que a maioria das causas são devido a um trauma ou infecção, principalmente por otite média aguda. O presente estudo é do tipo coorte retrospectivo, com coleta de dados em prontuários no Centro Auditivo em Cascavel-PR, entre o período de abril de 2019 à agosto de 2022, totalizando cerca de 4000 prontuários, sendo 109 devido a perfuração de membrana timpânica. Os dados coletados demonstraram uma maior frequência em mulheres (58,7%), com um acometimento parecido entre as orelhas (direita 38,5%, esquerda 33% e bilateral 22,9%). Notou-se ainda que a maioria dos casos estão relacionados à otite (69,7%), enquanto 4,58% são devido a trauma por aplicador com ponta de algodão, 3,66% devido a trauma por corpo estranho e 9,17% devido a trauma por agressão ou som alto. A preferência quanto ao tratamento foi terapia conservadora (73,49%), dada a capacidade regenerativa da membrana timpânica. Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes (44,03%) apresentaram como complicação perda auditiva. Conclui-se, portanto, que neste estudo houve uma maior prevalência de perfuração de membrana timpânica em mulheres, em especial na orelha direita. Notou-se, ainda, que a maioria dos casos estão relacionados à otite e cerca de uma quinta parte ao trauma, com preferência de tratamento conservador, e cerca de metade dos afetados tiveram como consequência perda auditiva.
Adopting Chest X-Ray and Chest CT Images for the Diagnosis of COVID-19 using Image Processing Techniques: Survey
Authors:   Department of Public Relations, College of Media, Al Iraqia University, Dheyauldeen Najeeb Huda
Published: September 2023

The presence of COVID-19 infection and its threat to human life has led to the urgent need to contribute to combating it, so global initiatives have emerged to regulate and manage the virus, with the aim of eliminating it once and for all. Since the use of image processing has succeeded in solving many complicated problems in the medical field, it can now be employed to aid in the fight against COVID-19 and control it by extracting the relevant features collected from medical imaging datasets and categorizing using machine learning and deep learning approaches in order to diagnose and predict the COVID-19 disease. This study provides an overview of current findings on machine learning methods that have been applied to COVID-19 and aspects related to the types of algorithms, the medical dataset used, and the accuracy of researchers’ results. This paper, review the latest proposed models for COVID-19 classification and diagnosis applied to CT scans and chest X-ray images to provide further insight into disease reduction. COVID-19 diagnosis is critical for identifying an infected person and preventing the virus from spreading. Because diffusion is rapid, an automated rapid diagnostic mechanism is required to deal with a huge population so image processing methods are the most suitable technology for this. These models’ accuracy ranged from 80.6% to 100%, demonstrating that image- processing methods can be used to assess and diagnose COVID-19 clinically.