bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel ShK-Like Toxic Peptide from the Transcriptome of the Cnidarian Palythoa caribaeorum Displays Neuroprotection and Cardioprotection in Zebrafish
Authors: Liao Qiwen , Gong Guiyi , Siu Shirley , Wong Clarence , Yu Huidong , Tse Yu , Rádis-Baptista Gandhi , Lee Simon
Published: June 2018

Palythoa caribaeorum (class Anthozoa) is a zoantharian which, together with other cnidarians, like jellyfishes, hydra, and sea anemones, possesses specialized structures in its tissues, the cnidocytes, which deliver an array of toxins in order to capture prey and deter predators. The whole transcriptome of P. caribaeroum was deep sequenced, and a diversity of toxin-related peptide sequences were identified, and some retrieved for functional analysis. In this work, a peptide precursor containing a ShK domain, named PcShK3, was analyzed by means of computational processing, comprising structural phylogenetic analysis, model prediction, and dynamics simulation of peptide-receptor interaction. The combined data indicated that PcShK3 is a distinct peptide which is homologous to a cluster of peptides belonging to the ShK toxin family. In vivo, PcShK3 distributed across the vitelline membrane and accumulated in the yolk sac stripe of zebrafish larvae. Notably, it displayed a significant cardio-protective effect in zebrafish in concentrations inferior to the IC50 (<43.53 ± 6.45 µM), while in high concentrations (>IC50), it accumulated in the blood and caused pericardial edema, being cardiotoxic to zebrafish larvae. Remarkably, PcShK3 suppressed the 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity on the locomotive behavior of zebrafish. The present results indicated that PcShK3 is a novel member of ShK toxin family, and has the intrinsic ability to induce neuro- and cardio-protective effects or cause cardiac toxicity, according to its effective concentration.
The HPV E2 Transcriptional Transactivation Protein Stimulates Cellular DNA Polymerase Epsilon
Authors: Chojnacki Michaelle , Melendy Thomas
Published: June 2018

The papillomavirus (PV) protein E2 is one of only two proteins required for viral DNA replication. E2 is the viral transcriptional regulator/activation protein as well as the initiator of viral DNA replication. E2 is known to interact with various cellular DNA replication proteins, including the PV E1 protein, the cellular ssDNA binding complex (RPA), and topoisomerase I. Recently, we observed that cellular DNA polymerase ε (pol ε) interacts with the PV helicase protein, E1. E1 stimulates its activity with a very high degree of specificity, implicating pol ε in PV DNA replication. In this paper, we evaluated whether E2 also shows a functional interaction with pol ε. We found that E2 stimulates the DNA synthesis activity of pol ε, independently of pol ε’ s processivity factors, RFC, PCNA, and RPA, or E1. This appears to be specific for pol ε, as cellular DNA polymerase δ is unaffected by E1. However, unlike other known stimulatory factors of pol ε, E2 does not affect the processivity of pol ε. The domains of E2 were analyzed individually and in combination for their ability to stimulate pol ε. Both the transactivation and hinge domains were found to be important for this stimulation, while the E2 DNA-binding domain was dispensable. These findings support a role for E2 beyond E1 recruitment in viral DNA replication, demonstrate a novel functional interaction in PV DNA replication, and further implicate cellular pol ε in PV DNA replication.
Self-Assembled Nanoporous Biofilms from Functionalized Nanofibrous M13 Bacteriophage
Authors: Devaraj Vasanthan , Han Jiye , Kim Chuntae , Kang Yong-Cheol , Oh Jin-Woo
Published: June 2018

Highly periodic and uniform nanostructures, based on a genetically engineered M13 bacteriophage, displayed unique properties at the nanoscale that have the potential for a variety of applications. In this work, we report a multilayer biofilm with self-assembled nanoporous surfaces involving a nanofiber-like genetically engineered 4E-type M13 bacteriophage, which was fabricated using a simple pulling method. The nanoporous surfaces were effectively formed by using the networking-like structural layers of the M13 bacteriophage during self-assembly. Therefore, an external template was not required. The actual M13 bacteriophage-based fabricated multilayered biofilm with porous nanostructures agreed well with experimental and simulation results. Pores formed in the final layer had a diameter of about 150–500 nm and a depth of about 15–30 nm. We outline a filter application for this multilayered biofilm that enables selected ions to be extracted from a sodium chloride solution. Here, we describe a simple, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive fabrication approach with large-scale production potential. The technique and the multi-layered biofilms produced may be applied to sensor, filter, plasmonics, and bio-mimetic fields.
Phage Therapy Faces Evolutionary Challenges
Authors: Torres-Barceló Clara
Published: June 2018

Antibiotic resistance evolution in bacteria indicates that one of the challenges faced by phage therapy is that, sooner or later, bacteria will evolve resistance to phages. Evidently, this is the case of every known antimicrobial therapy, but here this is also part of a ubiquitous natural process of co-evolution between phages and bacteria. Fundamental evolutionary studies hold some clues that are crucial to limit the problematic process of bacterial resistance during phage applications. First, I discuss here the importance of defining evolutionary and ecological factors influencing bacterial resistance and phage counter-defense mechanisms. Then, I comment on the interest of determining the co-evolutionary dynamics between phages and bacteria that may allow for selecting the conditions that will increase the probability of therapeutic success. I go on to suggest the varied strategies that may ensure the long-term success of phage therapy, including analysis of internal phage parameters and personalized treatments. In practical terms, these types of approaches will define evolutionary criteria regarding how to develop, and when to apply, therapeutic phage cocktails. Integrating this perspective in antimicrobial treatments, such as phage therapy, is among the necessary steps to expand its use in the near future, and to ensure its durability and success.
The Influences of Sponge City on Property Values in Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Shiying , Zevenbergen Chris , Rabé Paul , Jiang Yong
Published: June 2018

Rapid urbanization in China and global climate change have increased urban flood exposure in Wuhan, and the increased flood risk has reduced property values in flood-prone areas. The central government of China is promoting the application of the sponge city concept to reduce urban flood risk and improve the environment in cities. Wuhan is one of the pilot cities of this initiative. A shortage of funds is one of the main obstacles to sponge city construction, as is the lack of a suitable business model. To test residents’ willingness to pay for sponge city construction, this research analyzed the impact of sponge city construction on the housing values of areas covered by sponge city interventions. The authors conducted interviews and analyzed secondary data to gauge residents’ awareness and perceptions of sponge city interventions. The results show that more than half of residents in Wuhan are willing to pay for sponge city measures, but the amount they are willing to pay is limited. Residents are more willing to pay for improvements of their living environment than for flood reduction measures.
Clock Hand Lateral, A New Layout for Semi-Permanent Sprinkler Irrigation System
Authors: Gan Lei , Rad Saeed , Chen Xiaobing , Fang Rongjie , Yan Lei , Su Shihua
Published: June 2018

The experiment was done based on a new layout for a semi-permanent set-move sprinkler irrigation system with a lower capital and annual cost requirement. In this work, a center-pivot system layout was applied to set up a semi-permanent system with a hand-move lateral. The clock hand lateral (CHL) sprinkler irrigation system was implemented using a shorter mainline length with a smaller diameter, lesser number of lateral pipes, minimum number of fittings and a single valve outlet. This combination offers an affordable irrigation system with minimizing the required components. The new irrigation system design was examined at the Agricultural Academy of Science experiment farm at Guangxi, China. The sprinkler system mainline pipe directly extended from the water resource to the center of the plot to feed a single lateral, connected through a pivot elbow. The lateral was rotating around the plot manually, the same way as clock hands do. An ordinary set-move split lateral for the same plot was designed for comparison and control. Based on results, a 37.5% capital cost reduction with an 11.2% annual cost decrement was obtained for CHL compared to the set-move semi-permanent. Water application depth was measured via distribution uniformity coefficient (DU) examination, using a catch can method. The low quarter DU for CHL was counted for 86%.
Electrochemical Degradation of Phenol and Resorcinol Molecules through the Dissolution of Sacrificial Anodes of Macro-Corrosion Galvanic Cells
Authors: Pierozynski Boguslaw , Piotrowska Grazyna
Published: June 2018

This paper reports on the processes of phenol and resorcinol electrodegradation carried-out through continuous anodic dissolution of aluminum alloy and carbon steel sacrificial anodes for artificially aerated Cu-Al alloy and Cu-Fe-based galvanic (macro-corrosion) cells and synthetically prepared wastewater solutions. Electrochemical experiments were carried-out by means of a laboratory size, PMMA (Poly-methyl methacrylate)-made electrolyser unit, where significant degrees of phenol (10–89%) and resorcinol (13–37%) decomposition were obtained and visualized through the respective chemical/spectroscopy analyses. In addition, quantitative determination of phenol, as well as resorcinol (and possible electrodegradation products) for the selected experimental conditions was performed by means of instrumental high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis.
A Cautionary Note on the Reproduction of Dependencies through Linear Stochastic Models with Non-Gaussian White Noise
Authors: Tsoukalas Ioannis , Papalexiou Simon Michael , Efstratiadis Andreas , Makropoulos Christos
Published: June 2018

Since the prime days of stochastic hydrology back in 1960s, autoregressive (AR) and moving average (MA) models (as well as their extensions) have been widely used to simulate hydrometeorological processes. Initially, AR(1) or Markovian models with Gaussian noise prevailed due to their conceptual and mathematical simplicity. However, the ubiquitous skewed behavior of most hydrometeorological processes, particularly at fine time scales, necessitated the generation of synthetic time series to also reproduce higher-order moments. In this respect, the former schemes were enhanced to preserve skewness through the use of non-Gaussian white noise— a modification attributed to Thomas and Fiering (TF). Although preserving higher-order moments to approximate a distribution is a limited and potentially risky solution, the TF approach has become a common choice in operational practice. In this study, almost half a century after its introduction, we reveal an important flaw that spans over all popular linear stochastic models that employ non-Gaussian white noise. Focusing on the Markovian case, we prove mathematically that this generating scheme provides bounded dependence patterns, which are both unrealistic and inconsistent with the observed data. This so-called “envelope behavior” is amplified as the skewness and correlation increases, as demonstrated on the basis of real-world and hypothetical simulation examples.
Nonstationary Multivariate Hydrological Frequency Analysis in the Upper Zhanghe River Basin, China
Authors: Gu Henan , Yu Zhongbo , Li Guofang , Ju Qin
Published: June 2018

Design annual runoff is a classical issue in traditional univariate hydrological frequency analysis (HFA). We developed a multivariate HFA approach for designs for a study region covering the confluence of two streams. HFA relies on the assumption that probability distribution is consistent in the past, present, and future; however, it has been asserted as incorrect under an uncertain and changing environment. A change-point was detected in our study and adopted to divide runoff into two periods, with no significant trends in all subseries. The post-change design annual runoff witnessed dramatic mean value decline by about half at four frequencies (50%, 75%, 90% and 95%), which were selected in the bivariate analysis. Probability distribution models were constructed with univariate p-III distributions through Clayton, Frank, and Gumbel copulas and independence. Frank copula showed a generally better match with observations than others. The traditional approach, adding up the same-frequency results from both tributaries independently, was disproved by the systematically smaller design values in independence model than copulas and the 40% asynchronous encounter probability. The 25.6% worst synchronous dry-dry encounter situation may be a concern for water resource managers. Consequently, multivariate HFA should prevail as design approach in terms of water resources security.
Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts
Authors: Trusova Elena A , Trutnev Nikolai S
Published: June 2018

In the present investigation, the cryochemical approach was used for the improved synthesis of nanocrystalline metal oxides (e.g., NiO, Fe2O3, CeO2) and NaNO3 salt. It was shown that the solutions and sols can be treated with a liquid nitrogen stream (−196 °C) to increase the powder dispersity by 3–18 times and to increase their specific surface area by an order of magnitude. The proposed approach also reduces the agglomeration of the nanoparticles, and at the same time, results in NiO, Fe2O3 and CeO2 crystallite sizes of less than 10 nm (quantum dot size regime). The diameter of NaNO3 salt crystallites could also be reduced to ≤50 nm by freezing in a liquid nitrogen atmosphere, which is a significant improvement over analogous salts obtained by traditional methods (average diameter 300–1000 nm). The characterization of the obtained nanopowders was carried out using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, surface area measurements and diffusion aerosol spectrometry (DAS). It was determined that the addition of 3–15 wt % of NaF to the NaNO3 solution prior to its cryogenic treatment results in a further decrease in the particle size of the obtained crystalline salt. NaF creates a protective coating with a thickness of 2–3 nm on the surface of NaNO3 crystallites, preventing their association. The results obtained show that the cryochemical processing of the solutions during the preparation phase of production allows nanopowders to be obtained with improved morphological and textural characteristics without significant increase in technical development costs.
Spectroelectrochemical studies on the effect of cations in the alkaline glycerol oxidation reaction over carbon nanotube-supported Pd nanoparticles
Authors: Hiltrop Dennis , Cychy Steffen , Elumeeva Karina , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Muhler Martin
Published: June 2018

The effects of the alkali cations Na+ and K+ were investigated in the alkaline electrochemical oxidation of glycerol over Pd nanoparticles (NPs) deposited on functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The electrocatalytic activity was assessed by cyclic voltammetry revealing a lower overpotential of glycerol oxidation for nitrogen-functionalized Pd/NCNTs compared with oxygen-functionalized Pd/OCNTs. Whereas significantly lower current densities were observed for Pd/OCNT in NaOH than in KOH in agreement with stronger non-covalent interactions on the Pd surface, Pd/NCNT achieved an approximately three-times higher current density in NaOH than in KOH. In situ electrochemistry/IR spectroscopy was applied to unravel the product distribution as a function of the applied potential in NaOH and KOH. The IR spectra exhibited strongly changing band patterns upon varying the potential between 0.77 and 1.17 V vs RHE: at low potentials oxidized C3 species such as mesoxalate and tartronate were formed predominantly, and with increasing potentials C2 and C1 species originating from C–C bond cleavage were identified. The tendency to produce carbonate was found to be less pronounced in KOH. The less favored formation of highly oxidized C3 species and of carbonate is deduced to be the origin of the lower current densities in the cyclic voltammograms (CVs) for Pd/NCNT in KOH. The enhanced current densities in NaOH are rationalized by the presence of Na+ ions bound to the basic nitrogen species in the NCNT support. Adsorbed Na+ ions can form complexes with the organic molecules, presumably enhanced by the chelate effect. In this way, the organic molecules are assumed to be bound more tightly to the NCNT support in close proximity to the Pd NPs facilitating their oxidation.
Sexual Harassment Experiences and Consequences for Women Faculty in Science, Engineering, and Medicine
Authors: Lindquist Christine , McKay Tasseli
Published: June 2018

In a qualitative study of 40 women faculty in sciences, engineering, and medicine (http://sites.nationalacademies.org/SexualHarrassment.htm), respondents at all career levels and fields reported a range of sexual harassment experiences, including gender-based harassment (e.g., gendered insults, lewd comments), unwanted sexual advances, stalking, and sexual assault by a colleague. Sexual harassment experiences often diminished study participants' scientific productivity as energy was diverted into efforts to process emotional responses, manage the perpetrator, report the harassment, or work to prevent recurrences. Many women who experienced sexual harassment adjusted their work habits and withdrew physically or interpersonally from their departments, colleagues, and fields. Study participants who disclosed harassment to a supervisor or department leader often reported that the reactions they received made them feel dismissed and minimized. Sympathetic responses were often met with dismissiveness, minimization, or sympathy, but active or formal support was rarely provided, and women were typically discouraged from pursuing further action. Formal reporting using university procedures was often avoided. University-level reporting sometimes damaged women's relationships with department colleagues. Women who disclosed their experiences often faced long-term, negative impacts on their careers. Study participants identified opportunities to address sexual harassment by (1) harnessing the power of university leaders, department leaders, and peer bystanders to affect the academic climate; (2) instituting stronger and better-enforced institutional policies on sexual harassment with clear and appropriate consequences for perpetrators; and (3) advancing the cross-institutional work of scientific and professional societies to change the culture in their fields.
No laughing matter?
Authors: King Gemma
Published: June 2018

The second most commercially successful domestic film of all time in France, Olivier Nakache and Eric Toledano’s 2011 comedy
Intouchables
thrusts issues of multiculturalism, humour, and political (in)correctness into the spotlight. The subject of polarized reviews, the film is at once progressive and conservative. On the one hand, it portrays cultural stereotyping, predatory sexual behaviour, and problematic representations of black and disabled characters as comedic devices. But on the other, in a revision of several cinematic tropes from the buddy comedy to
le cinéma de banlieue
,
Intouchables
subverts the traditional narrative of the immigrant struggling to integrate into the French mainstream. This article explores
Intouchables
’ representation of a Senegalese-born protagonist who seizes multiple opportunities for self-determination and social and physical mobility. Yet it also critiques how the film navigates – or fails to navigate – the challenges of political correctness in its conservative portrayal of multiculturalism in contemporary France.
Mass Ejection from the Remnant of a Binary Neutron Star Merger: Viscous-radiation Hydrodynamics Study
Authors: Fujibayashi Sho , Kiuchi Kenta , Nishimura Nobuya , Sekiguchi Yuichiro , Shibata Masaru
Published: June 2018

We perform long-term general relativistic neutrino radiation hydrodynamics simulations (in axisymmetry) for a massive neutron star (MNS) surrounded by a torus, which is a canonical remnant formed after the binary neutron star merger. We take into account the effects of viscosity, which is likely to arise in the merger remnant due to magnetohydrodynamical turbulence. The viscous effect plays key roles for the mass ejection from the remnant in two phases of the evolution. In the first t ≲ 10 ms, a differential rotation state of the MNS is changed to a rigidly rotating state. A shock wave caused by the variation of its quasi-equilibrium state induces significant mass ejection of mass ∼(0.5–2.0)

for the α-viscosity parameter of 0.01–0.04. For the longer-term evolution with ∼0.1–10 s, a significant fraction of the torus material is ejected. We find that the total mass of the viscosity-driven ejecta (

) could dominate over that of the dynamical ejecta (

). The electron fraction, Y

e
, of the ejecta is always high enough (Y

e
 ≳ 0.25) that this post-merger ejecta is lanthanide-poor; hence, the opacity of the ejecta is likely to be ∼10–100 times lower than that of the dynamical ejecta. This indicates that the electromagnetic signal from the ejecta would be rapidly evolving, bright, and blue if it is observed from a small viewing angle (≲45°) for which the effect of the dynamical ejecta is minor.
A MegaCam Survey of Outer Halo Satellites. I. Description of the Survey*

†
Authors: Muñoz Ricardo R. , Côté Patrick , Santana Felipe A. , Geha Marla , Simon Joshua D. , Oyarzún Grecco A. , Stetson Peter B. , Djorgovski S. G.
Published: June 2018

We describe a deep, systematic imaging study of satellites in the outer halo of the Milky Way. Our sample consists of 58 stellar overdensities—i.e., substructures classified as either globular clusters, classical dwarf galaxies, or ultra-faint dwarf galaxies—that are located at Galactocentric distances of R
GC ≥ 25 kpc (outer halo) and out to ∼400 kpc. This includes 44 objects for which we have acquired deep, wide-field, g- and r-band imaging with the MegaCam mosaic cameras on the 3.6 m Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope and the 6.5 m Magellan-Clay telescope. These data are supplemented by archival imaging, or published gr photometry, for an additional 14 objects, most of which were discovered recently in the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We describe the scientific motivation for our survey, including sample selection, observing strategy, data reduction pipeline, calibration procedures, and the depth and precision of the photometry. The typical 5σ point-source limiting magnitudes for our MegaCam imaging—which collectively covers an area of ≈52 deg2—are g
lim ≃ 25.6 and r
lim ≃ 25.3 AB mag. These limits are comparable to those from the coadded DES images and are roughly a half-magnitude deeper than will be reached in a single visit with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. Our photometric catalog thus provides the deepest and most uniform photometric database of Milky Way satellites available for the foreseeable future. In other papers in this series, we have used these data to explore the blue straggler populations in these objects, their density distributions, star formation histories, scaling relations, and possible foreground structures.
The Diversity of Kilonova Emission in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Gompertz B. P. , Levan A. J. , Tanvir N. R. , Hjorth J. , Covino S. , Evans P. A. , Fruchter A. S. , González-Fernández C. , Jin Z. P. , Lyman J. D. , Oates S. R. , O’Brien P. T. , Wiersema K.
Published: June 2018

The historic first joint detection of both gravitational-wave and electromagnetic emission from a binary neutron star merger cemented the association between short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) and compact object mergers, as well as providing a well-sampled multi-wavelength light curve of a radioactive kilonova (KN) for the first time. Here, we compare the optical and near-infrared light curves of this KN, AT 2017gfo, to the counterparts of a sample of nearby (z < 0.5) SGRBs to characterize their diversity in terms of their brightness distribution. Although at similar epochs AT 2017gfo appears fainter than every SGRB-associated KN claimed so far, we find three bursts (GRBs 050509B, 061201, and 080905A) where, if the reported redshifts are correct, deep upper limits rule out the presence of a KN similar to AT 2017gfo by several magnitudes. Combined with the properties of previously claimed KNe in SGRBs this suggests considerable diversity in the properties of KN drawn from compact object mergers, despite the similar physical conditions that are expected in many NS–NS mergers. We find that observer angle alone is not able to explain this diversity, which is likely a product of the merger type (NS–NS versus NS–BH) and the detailed properties of the binary (mass ratio, spins etc.). Ultimately disentangling these properties should be possible through observations of SGRBs and gravitational-wave sources, providing direct measurements of heavy element enrichment throughout the universe.
The 19F(α, p)22Ne Reaction at Energies of Astrophysical Relevance by Means of the Trojan Horse Method and Its Implications in AGB Stars
Authors: D’Agata G. , Pizzone R. G. , Cognata M. La , Indelicato I. , Spitaleri C. , Palmerini S. , Trippella O. , Vescovi D. , Blagus S. , Cherubini S. , Figuera P. , Grassi L. , Guardo G. L. , Gulino M. , Hayakawa S. , Kshetri R. , Lamia L. , Lattuada M. , Mijatovic` T. , Milin M. , Miljanic` Đ. , Prepolec L. , Rapisarda G. G. , Romano S. , Sergi M. L. , Skukan N. , Soic` N. , Tokic` V. , Tumino A. , Uroic` M.
Published: June 2018

The main source of 19F in the universe has not yet been clearly identified and this issue represents one of the unanswered questions of stellar modeling. This lack of knowledge can be due to the 19F(α, p)22Ne reaction cross-section that has proven to be difficult at low energies: direct measurements stop only at about ∼660 keV, leaving roughly half of the astrophysical relevant energy region (from 200 keV to 1.1 MeV) explored only by R-matrix calculations. In this work, we applied the Trojan Horse Method to the quasi-free three-body 6Li(19F, p22Ne)d reaction performed at E
beam = 6 MeV in order to indirectly study the 19F(α, p)22Ne reaction in the sub-Coulomb energy region. In this way, we obtained the cross-section and the reaction rate in the temperature region of interest for astrophysics and free from electron screening effects. A brief analysis of the impact of the new measured reaction rate in AGB star nucleosynthesis is also presented.
Dynamical Constraints on the Dark Matter Distribution of the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal from Stellar Proper Motions
Authors: Strigari Louis E. , Frenk Carlos S. , White Simon D. M.
Published: June 2018

We compare the transverse velocity dispersions recently measured within the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy to the predictions of our previously published dynamical model. This was designed to fit the observed number count and velocity dispersion profiles of both metal-rich and metal-poor stars, both in cored and in cusped potentials. At the projected radius where the proper motions (PMs) were measured, this model (with no change in parameters) predicts transverse dispersions in the range of 6–9.5 km s−1, with the tangential dispersion about 1 km s−1 larger than the (projected) radial dispersion. Both dispersions are predicted to be about 1 km s−1 larger for metal-poor than for metal-rich stars. At this projected radius, cored and cusped potentials predict almost identical transverse dispersions. The measured tangential dispersion (8.5 ± 3.2 km s−1) agrees remarkably well with these predictions, while the measured radial dispersion (11.5 ± 4.3 km s−1) differs only at about the 1σ level. Thus, the PM data are in excellent agreement with previous data, but do not help to distinguish between cored and cusped potentials. This will require velocity dispersion data (either from PMs or from radial velocities) with uncertainties well below 1 km s−1 over a range of projected radii.
The Formation and Evolution of Galactic Disks with APOGEE and the Gaia Survey
Authors: Li Chengdong , Zhao Gang , Zhai Meng , Jia Yunpeng
Published: June 2018

We explore the structure and evolutionary history of Galactic disks with Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment data release 13 (DR13 hereafter) and Gaia Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution data. We use the [α/M] ratio to allocate stars into particular Galactic components to elucidate the chemical and dynamical properties of the thin and thick disks. The spatial motions of the sample stars are obtained in Galactic Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates. We analyze the abundance trends and metallicity and [α/M] gradients of the thick and thin disks. We confirm the existence of metal-weak thick-disk stars in Galactic disks. A kinematical method is used to select the thin- and thick-disk stars for comparison. We calculate the scale length and scale height of the kinematically and chemically selected thick and thin disks based on the axisymmetric Jeans equation. We conclude that the scale length of the thick disk is approximately equal to that of the thin disk via a kinematical approach. For the chemical selection, this disparity is about 1 kpc. Finally, we get the stellar orbital parameters and try to unveil the formation scenario of the thick disk. We conclude that the gas-rich merger and radial migration are more reasonable formation scenarios for the thick disk.
Review of the flower-inhabiting water scavenger beetle genus Cycreon (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae), with descriptions of new species and comments on its biology
Authors: Arriaga-Varela Emmanuel , Wong Sin Yeng , Kirejtshuk Alexander , Fikácek Martin
Published: June 2018

The hydrophilid genusCycreonOrchymont, 1919, previously known from two historical specimens only, is reviewed based on the numerous material collected recently from the inflorescences of various Araceae species in the Malay Peninsula and Borneo. Four species are recognized in the genus:C.sculpturatusOrchymont, 1919 from Sumatra,C.armandiShatrovskiy, 2017 from Singapore,C.adolescenssp. n.from peninsular Malaysia, andC.floricolasp. n.with two subspecies, the nominotypical one from Peninsular Malaysia, andC.floricolaborneanussubsp. n.from Borneo. All species are very similar, differing only by the pronotal punctation, shape of the clypeus and the mentum, and the form of the median lobe of the aedeagus. Specimens ofC.floricolasp. n.andC.adolescenssp. n.were collected from inflorescences of various genera of the family Araceae. The field observations and analysis of mid gut contents indicates that they feed on organic material on internal organs of the inflorescences, including the pollen of the host plant. They were also observed to carry a large amount of pollen and are likely pollinators of their host species of Araceae.
Fine-scale interactions between habitat quality and genetic variation suggest an impact of grazing on the critically endangered Crau Plain grasshopper (Pamphagidae: Prionotropis rhodanica)
Authors: Piry Sylvain , Berthier Karine , Streiff Réjane , Cros-Arteil Sandrine , Tatin Laurent , Foucart Antoine , Bröder Linda , Hochkirch Axel , Chapuis Marie-Pierre
Published: June 2018

The Crau Plain grasshopper,PrionotropisrhodanicaUvarov, 1923 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae: Thrinchinae), is a rare grasshopper species endemic to the Crau Plain, a steppic habitat in France with unique floristic and faunistic communities. During recent decades, the area covered by these steppic grasslands has been highly reduced and fragmented due to the development of irrigation-based agriculture, roads, as well as industrial and military complexes. The restricted distribution, low population density and poor dispersal ability ofP.rhodanica, combined with the destruction of its habitat, has led to the classification of this species as critically endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Decreases in habitat quality due to intensive grazing in the remnant grassland patches constitute an additional threat forP.rhodanicathat can impact population dynamics at a relatively small-scale. In this work, we focused on a small area of about 3 km2occupied by one of the largest subpopulations observed in 2000–2001. We conducted a single-time snapshot intensive survey of grasshopper density and genetic variation at 11 microsatellite markers. We used a recent method, MAPI, to visualize the spatial genetic structure as a continuous surface and to determine, with the simultaneous use of spatial cross-correlograms, whether the normalized difference vegetation index, which informs on the balance between vegetation productivity and grazing intensity, can explain grasshopper population structure at such a fine scale. We found that both population density and gene flow were strongly and positively correlated to habitat quality (higher productivity of grasslands and/or lower sheep grazing). The spatial scales of interaction between these variables were estimated to be highly similar, in the range of 812–880 meters. This result suggests thatP.rhodanicais very sensitive to the quality of the grasslands it inhabits.
The response of Orthoptera to grazing on flood defense embankments in Europe
Authors: Fargeaud Kimberley , Gardiner Tim
Published: June 2018

European flood defense embankments form an excellent habitat for Orthoptera. To be effective against storms, these vegetated earth embankments have to be managed by grazing or mowing. However, grazing can impact invertebrates such as grasshoppers and crickets (Orthoptera). This management can lead to dispersal toward undisturbed grassland and reductions in the quality of habitat, food resources and oviposition sites. In most cases, orthopteran insects require heterogeneous vegetation patches with swards of varying height. The impact of grazing depends on the type of livestock; it is very important to choose appropriate animals, timing and intensity. Sheep grazing in late summer (September-October) at a moderate intensity seems to be favorable for Orthoptera. If grazing is carefully monitored, it can promote Orthoptera conservation while maintaining flood defense integrity.
Grazing and Orthoptera: a review
Authors: Gardiner Tim
Published: June 2018

Orthoptera are an important biological component of grasslands as a crucial link in the food chain. Grazing, either by wild animals or livestock for human food production, exerts considerable influence on the Orthoptera of grasslands. For example, grazing prevents succession of open grasslands to scrub and forest, creates heterogeneity in sward height, and provides patches of bare earth through the action of livestock hooves breaking the vegetative cover. Grazing may also interact with other forms of grassland management such as burning to produce quite complex interactions which vary greatly between regions and Orthoptera species. Threats to grassland Orthoptera include overgrazing; conversely, abandonment of grazing can lead to the loss of open habitats vital to many species. It is important to have ungrazed areas to provide refuges for species negatively affected by grazing. Rotational management – moving domestic livestock between different pastures – will also allow a range of sward structures to develop over a landscape. The over-arching principle for grazing management should be to establish a heterogeneous sward with a range of sward heights and bare earth for oviposition/basking. In more extensive systems, patches of scrub can form habitat of woody vegetation for species such as bush crickets. The greatest diversity of habitats should provide the highest species richness.
Orthoptera
response to grazing: an introduction to the special issue
Authors: Bazelet Corinna S. , Gardiner Tim
Published: June 2018

Orthoptera response to grazing: an introduction to the special issue
Hotspots of biodiversity and ecosystem services: the Outermost Regions and Overseas Countries and Territories of the European Union
Authors: Sieber Ina Maren , Borges Paulo , Burkhard Benjamin
Published: June 2018

The obligations of the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2020 create a need for mapping and assessment of the state of biodiversity, ecosystems and their services in all European member states. Europe’s nine Outermost Regions (ORs) and 25 Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) are mainly islands, scattered around the globe. These territories contain unique flora and fauna and encompass diverse ecosystems, from coral reefs to rainforests. These highly diverse ecosystems provide multiple relevant ecosystem services from local to global scale. To date, the ecosystem services concept has so far received little attention in European ORs and OCTs. Therefore, our aims were (1) to analyse the current state of ecosystem services mapping and assessment in Europe’s overseas territories, (2) to identify knowledge gaps in the context of ecosystem service research and application and (3) to provide recommendations for future research and policy directions to fill these gaps. We conducted a systematic review of scientific literature for each of the ORs and OCTs, screening 1030 publications. The analysis resulted in 161 publications referring to ES mapping and assessment, of which most were conducted in the European Caribbean (31%) and Pacific (21%) territories. Results show that many ORs and OCTs are still blank spots in terms of ecosystem service mapping and assessment and that, despite many biodiversity studies referring to species’ abundance, little has been published on ecosystem services. Our systematic review highlights theknowledge lacking on dealing with invasive species, which pose major threats to native island biodiversity, ecosystem functions and ecosystem services. Further, it discusses knowledge gaps in (1) translation of information on island biodiversity and ecosystem functions into ES; (2) geographical coverage of mapping studies in most ORs and OCTs; (3) the lack of standardised approaches and integrated assessments to map, assess and value ecosystem services. Based on these results, future research and policy priorities could be adapted in order to focus on filling these gaps. To overcome current environmental policy challenges, it is crucial to address the ongoing decline in biodiversity, rising climatic and anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems and to maintain a sustainable ES flow to safeguard human well-being. Ultimately, ES mapping and assessment efforts will form the knowledge base for well-informed decision-making to protect Europe’s vulnerable overseas areas.
Mapping Control of Erosion Rates: Comparing Model and Monitoring Data for Croplands in Northern Germany
Authors: Steinhoff-Knopp Bastian , Burkhard Benjamin
Published: June 2018

Control of erosion rates (CER) is a key ecosystem service for soil protection. It is mandatory for sustaining the capacity, especially of agroecosystems, to provide ecosystem services. By applying an established framework to assess soil regulating services, this study compares two approaches to assess CER provision for 466 ha of cropland in Lower Saxony (Central Northern Germany). In a "sealed modelling approach", the structural and the mitigated structural impact were modelled by applying the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The second approach uses spatially explicit long-term monitoring data on soil loss rates obtained in the investigation area as an alternative to the USLE-based modelled mitigated structural impact.

Assuming that the monitoring data have a higher reliability than the modelled data, the comparison of both approaches demonstrated the uncertainties of the USLE-based assessment of CER. The calculated indicators based on a sound monitoring database on soil loss rates showed that, due to limitations of the USLE model, the structural impact in thalwegs has been underestimated. Incorporating models with the ability to estimate soil loss by rilling und gullying can help to overcome this uncertainty.

The produced set of complementary large-scale CER maps enables an integrated analyses of CER. In the entire investigation area, the provision of CER regulating ecosystem services was generally high, indicating good management practices. Differences at the field scale and between the different regions can be explained by variations of the structural impact and the management practices.
A new species of spider (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Islandiana) from a southern Indiana cave
Authors: Milne Marc , Wells Elizabeth
Published: June 2018

The genus Islandiana (Araneae, Linyphiidae) was erected by Braendegaard in 1932 and is comprised of 14 species, most of which are native to North America. Herein we add a 15th species, Islandianalewisi sp. n., from southern Indiana, USA. This species resembles both I.flavoides Ivie, 1965 and I.cavealis Ivie, 1965, the latter of which is geographically-close.
Les idéaux dans la formation et la « réaction narcissique négative »
Authors: Kaës René
Published: June 2018

Si former des humains, c’est rêver une forme à créer et à transmettre, il importe de porter l’analyse non seulement sur les fantasmes de sujets en formation et des formateurs, mais aussi sur la dynamique des liens imaginaires et réels entre formateurs et sujets en formation, et il faut encore considérer les mises narcissiques des institutions de formation sur les sujets en formation, autant que des apports narcissiques, positifs ou négatifs, des sujets en formation dans l’institution.
Transmissions familiales, transmissions psychanalytiques
Authors: Blassel Jean-Maurice
Published: June 2018

Par une mise en perspective des transmissions familiales et de formation, l’auteur interroge la formation à la psychanalyse de famille. L’étude de l’offre et de la demande de formation met en évidence la séduction narcissique qui s’engage entre l’institution formative et le participant à une formation. Les effets de cette séduction sont ensuite abordés au travers des activités d’enseignements et de formation. Une attention toute particulière est accordée à l’utilisation de certaines théories dont la fonction est de colmater différentes formes d’angoisses.
Formation : mécanismes ou processus ?
Authors: Robert Philippe
Published: June 2018

La formation à la pratique des psychothérapies analytiques doit être pensée dès l’Université. C’est là que vont naître les premières motivations pour approfondir la formation. L’Université comme d’autres institutions n’échappe pas à l’attaque de la continuité nécessaire aux processus d’appropriation. Par la suite les associations de formation doivent s’interroger non pas sur les contenus de ce qu’elles transmettent, mais sur les liens groupaux qui se vivent tant entre les formateurs et les thérapeutes en formation qu’entre les formateurs eux-mêmes.
Être formé, se former, former
Authors: Maraquin Carine
Published: June 2018

Le processus de formation à la thérapie familiale psychanalytique vise à la fois l’acquisition de connaissances et une transformation intérieure. Le corpus théorique lié à l’étude du groupe et du groupe familial est maintenant bien identifié, il sert de socle. S’y adossent des expériences groupales qui s’imbriquent les unes dans les autres, visant la tiercéisation et la subjectivation, afin que le professionnel en formation soit en mesure d’analyser son implication, les effets du groupe sur lui, son contretransfert vis-à-vis des formateurs et de la formation. Le passage d’une position infantile de recevoir une formation à une position plus adulte de désirer se transformer, confronte à la question de l’affiliation et de la transmission.
Une expérience de co-thérapie dans le temps de la formation à la thérapie familiale
Authors: Collart Valérie , Dersigny-Galliano Caroline
Published: June 2018

Réceptacle de la souffrance familiale, le néo-groupe permet la transformation des éléments bruts qui y sont déposés. Dans ce cas de co-thérapie, après une période d’idéalisation du couple de thérapeutes, des enjeux liés à la formation en TFP se sont infiltrés dans l’intertransfert. En écho à la problématique familiale, ils ont généré une rivalité entre les cothérapeutes. Les auteurs proposent une analyse de ces mouvements intertransférentiels qui ont, selon elles, initié un début de différenciation familiale.
La famille, espace de mise en acte de la violence à l’adolescence
Authors: Darbellay Fiona , Marro Jérémy , Roman Pascal
Published: June 2018

Cet article présente les données d’une recherche clinique sur la place des agirs violents sur un membre de famille dans le temps l’adolescence, en appui sur l’hypothèse selon laquelle ce type de violence témoigne de la non-résolution du conflit œdipien, et constitue une tentative de mise en sens des représentations familiales pathogènes. Un premier temps de ce travail est consacré aux apports théoriques. Un second temps s’appuie sur l’interprétation de données de tests projectifs (Rorschach et TAT) proposés à trois adolescents auteurs de violences sur un membre de leur famille, dans l’optique de proposer une compréhension des processus psychiques en souffrance chez ces sujets.
Le bâtiment, support d’informations, XX e -XXI e  siècles
Authors: Le Gallic Stéphanie
Published: June 2018

L’expression « média-building » est forgée par Paul Virilio en 2000 pour qualifier les immeubles avec écrans tels que ceux que l’on peut voir à Times Square et l’on observe depuis une quinzaine d’années une multiplication des expérimentations mêlant l’architecture au numérique. Présentés comme une nouveauté architecturale, on s’accorde en général à reconnaître que les « média-buildings » possèdent en réalité des ramifications qui remontent aux années 1960, à l’époque de la Cybernétique et des théories de la communication de Marshall McLuhan. Pourtant, à la croisée des questions concernant les systèmes d’information et l’urbanisme des grandes métropoles, cet article se propose d’analyser comment l’avènement des « média-buildings » s’inscrit dans des tendances pérennes, largement portées par la publicité extérieure, même si des initiatives artistiques – et parfois libertaires – ont pu contribuer à cette évolution. En nous appuyant en particulier sur l’étude de la publicité lumineuse – et celle des journaux électriques – depuis le début du XX e siècle, nous verrons qu’au-delà des évolutions technologiques, l’affichage d’information s’appuie très tôt sur les organismes de presse, les flux de circulation et la vitesse de transmission de l’information. Finalement, cet article sera l’occasion de montrer que l’avènement des écrans vidéo n’a pas révolutionné le rapport au temps, mais plutôt le rapport à l’espace. Le passage au « média-building » ne serait donc pas l’avènement du bâtiment comme support d’information, mais celui du bâtiment comme support de communication. Ce n’est pas tant la fonction du bâtiment qui change – donnant à la fonction information une part prépondérante – mais la relation entre le bâtiment et le passant.