bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de parámetros productivos y nutricionales por el uso de Lactobacilius acidophilus y Lactobacilius bifidus en la dieta del hámster dorado (Mesocricetus auratus)
Authors: Corredor José Ricardo , Hernández Cristina , Arias Andrés
Published: April 2015

Introducción: los probióticos han sido considerados por muchos autores como microorganismos que afectan benéficamente la flora intestinal, por distintos mecanismos, de tal manera que sus efectos no sólo se han reportado en tracto gastrointestinal, también en el respiratorio y urogenital. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar parámetros productivos (crecimiento y ganancia de peso) y nutricionales (contenido fecal de nitrógeno, grasa, cenizas y humedad) por el suministro de un coctel probiótico que contenía Lactobacilius acidophilus y Lactobacilius bifidus, de uso comercial en el hámster dorado.

Materiales y métodos: se escogieron 20 animales experimentales con una edad promedio de 8 a 15 días, que se dividieron en dos grupos experimentales: control (gcj) y experimental (gms), por un periodo de 3 semanas. Se midieron variables de peso (gramos) y longitud (centímetros) semanalmente, así como análisis proximal de heces para determinar contenido de nitrógeno, grasa, cenizas y humedad. Los datos se expresan en promedios ± ds, para las variables crecimiento y ganancia de peso.

Resultados: los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el suministro de probiótico afectó significativamente la ganancia de peso y crecimiento, generó disminución en la excreción fecal de nitrógeno, interpretado como mayor digestión y absorción de proteínas, una reducción en la eliminación de cenizas y mayor excreción fecal de grasas, atribuida principalmente al exceso de este nutriente en la dieta suministrada.

Conclusiones: el uso de probióticos es una herramienta muy útil para ser usada en los sistemas productivos, en reemplazo de otros productos que pueden generar riesgos a la salud pública.
S. W. Williston and the Exploration of the Niobrara Chalk
Authors: Martin Larry
Published: April 2015

Samuel Wendell Williston spent most of his formative years as a scientist in the exploration of the Niobrara Chalk in Kansas. Much of this work was summarized in early reports of the Kansas State Geological Survey and still provides a sound basis for our modern understanding of the Niobrara Chalk and its paleoecology. This was one of the first fossil communities to become widely known to the general public.
Cuvier and Brongniart, William Smith, and the Reconstruction of Geohistory
Authors: Rudwick Martin
Published: April 2015

During the "great flowering" of geology around 1800, the rapidly increasing use of fossils was important not only in stratigraphical correlation but also for providing "archives of nature": they enabled the history of the earth to be reconstructed in detail as a sequence of contingent events. Here I analyse the classic work of Georges Cuvier and Alexandre Brongniart on the Paris basin, and the contemporary work of William Smith in England, in relation to their fusion of certain research practices that had earlier been distinct. I argue that the French work, while significantly influenced by Smith, was decisively important in its own right as an exemplar of a newly empirical practice of geohistorical reconstruction.
Much Ado About Nothing: The Italian Geological Survey, 1861-2006
Authors: Corsi Pietro
Published: April 2015

Established on 12 December 1861, soon after the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in January 1861, the Geological Survey of the peninsula enjoyed a remarkably difficult life, and achieved remarkably little. Since its inception, the rivalry between academic geologists and the engineers of the Royal Mining Corps acting as field surveyors did much to alienate political and public opinion support. Underfunded and understaffed, the Survey faced periodical crisis and periodical reforms. On at least four occasions (1861, 1873, the early 1920s and 1960), the help of influential politicians concerned with the lack of a functioning State Survey, or with the very slow pace of publication of the geological map of the country, produced beneficial effects and brisk activity. This never lasted longer than a few years. In the last four decades of the twentieth century, the growth of the politically powerful community of geophysicists and the lack of political initiative and Parliamentary supervision further marginalized the Geological Survey, up to its relegation to a subordinate role within the State Agency for the Protection of the Environment.
Vertebrate Paleontology of the Green River Basin, Wyoming, 1840-1910
Authors: West Robert
Published: April 2015

Paleontological exploration in the Green River Basin in the first half of the nineteenth century demonstrated the presence of vertebrate fossils there. Studies of potential wagon and railroad routes revealed additional information about the occurrence and distribution of fossiliferous rocks during the 1850s. Post Civil War government geologic and geographic surveys yielded large numbers of fossil mammals and created the setting for competition and controversy among Leidy, Cope and Marsh. Numerous publications resulted, as well as Leidy's departure from paleontology. Residents of Fort Bridger worked with all the Eastern scientists to provide information about fossil localities; many specimens also were sent east. Four Princeton expeditions in the 1870s and 1880s preceded the systematic work of the American Museum of Natural History in 1893 and 1903-1906. By 1909 the geological and vertebrate paleontologic framework of the basin was firmly established.
The New Triaxial Shock and Vibration Test System at Hill Air Force Base
Authors: Chen Min , Wilson Delbert
Published: April 2015

To achieve large-missile guidance qualification, modification, and reliability tests and analysis, the Hill Air Force Base Survivability & Vulnerability Integration Center (SVIC) has installed a six-degree-of-freedom shock and vibration system. Designed and developed by Wyle Laboratories Inc., this system in driven in the frequency range of 5 to 2000 Hz by eight electrodynamics shakers, two in each horizontal axis and four in the vertical axis. The major design concern is the coupling of the shakers through a rigid table due to kinetic and dynamic effects and the behavior of the structure. This has made the control task very challenging. A method was developed that coordinates the drive signals to compensate for cross-coupling effects. Based upon tests to date, the system is an effective, reliable, and capable test platform. In this paper, we discuss the design objectives, provide a brief description of the hardware, and elaborate on the high-speed, digital control system driving the eight electrodynamics shakers. A brief description of the test results is provided.
Measuring the Electrical Properties of Cleanroom Gloves
Authors: Newberg Carl
Published: April 2015

This article outlines various methods used to characterize the electrical properties of cleanroom gloves used in electrostatic discharge-protected areas. A review of the currently used test methods and specifications is included, along with a discussion of the many problems and pitfalls associated with the interpretation and application of those test methods and standards.
Structural Response Loads in Force-Limited Vibration Testing
Authors: Chang Kurng
Published: April 2015

Flight equipment is exposed to random vibration excitations during launch and is functionally designed to survive a shaker random vibration test. In the test, the random vibration design levels will be applied at the equipment-mounting interface and will be force limited to reduce over-testing at shaker hardmount resonance frequencies. As is commonly practiced for heavier equipment, the equipment also is designed to the structural flight limit load. The philosophy of the Limit Load Factors (LLFs) or so-called the Mass Acceleration Curve (MAC) has been adopted over many years for use in the preliminary structural design of spacecraft and flight equipment. The purpose of the work presented herein is to discuss the results of force limit notching during vibration testing with respect to the traditional limit load design criteria. By using a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system approach, this work shows that with an appropriate force specification the notched response due to force limiting will result in loads comparable with the structural design limit criteria. A simplified formula is presented to predict the test load limits, based only upon estimates for the first significant resonance of the equipment and the semi-empirical force specification factor, C2.
Performance Evaluation of Cleanroom Environmental Systems
Authors: Xu Tengfang
Published: April 2015

This paper presents in-situ measurement results for energy and environmental performance of 13 cleanroom systems located in the United States, including key metrics for evaluating cleanroom air system performance and overall electric power intensity. Comparisons with IEST Recommended Practice IEST-RP-CC012.1: Considerations in Cleanroom Design are made to examine the performance of cleanroom air systems. Based on the results, the paper discusses likely opportunities for improving cleanroom energy efficiency while maintaining effective contamination control. The paper concludes that there are wide variations in energy performance of cleanroom environmental systems, and that performance benchmarking can serve as a vehicle to identify energy efficient cleanroom design practices and to highlight important issues in cleanroom operation and maintenance.
Evaluation of Chemical Filters Using Wafer Exposure Method and Experimental FFU
Authors: Nonaka Tatsuo , Takeda Kikuo , Iikawa Reiko , Taira Toshikazu , Fujimoto Taketoshi , Nakahara Taketoshi
Published: April 2015

Airborne molecular contaminants (AMCs) have become a serious problem with recent advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology. The use of chemical filters to remove AMCs in cleanrooms is critical for improving the yield of semiconductor devices. The experimental FFU is designed for the evaluation of chemical filters. Silicon wafers exposed in the downstream air of chemical filters in the experimental FFU were investigated by Wafer Thermal Desorption—Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (WTD-GC-MS). Organic contaminants caused by outgassing from the chemical filter were detected on the surface of the silicon wafer and compared among various chemical filters. Results showed that the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from chemical filters adsorbed on the surface of silicon wafers located downstream of the filters. It was also found that the organic contamination on the surface was related to the amount of outgassing from the chemical filters. In addition, the rates of decrease of organic contamination emitted from various ULPA filters were compared using the experimental FFU. The rate of decrease of organic contamination emitted from the low-outgassing ULPA filter was also superior to that of the normal ULPA filter.
Aspects of the Acoustic Testing of an Electronic System: Acoustic Versus Vibration Testing
Authors: Sherf Z. , Katz A. , Hopstone P. , Edelstein A. , Yogev I. , Peleg D.
Published: April 2015

In this paper, the vibratory responses excited in an electronic device during a vibration test and an acoustic test are compared. It was found that the responses differ significantly for items mounted on vibration isolators. Under certain circumstances (stiff mounting of the elements in the device and for a certain vibration axis), a higher similarity can be noted between the vibration and acoustic tests. Due to the lack of excitation above 2000 Hz during the vibration testing, failures caused by excitation in this range are not detected, which is significant for small components. The higher responses in the low frequency range during the vibration test can induce unrealistic failures. Application of the vibration test separately for individual axes as opposed to the distributed loading applied during the acoustic test can also result in undetected failures.
Measurement of Molecular Contamination for Satellites Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)
Authors: Cho Hyokjin , Moon Guee-Won , Seo Hee-Jun , Lee Sang-Hoon , Choi Seok-Weon
Published: April 2015

Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCMs) have been used to measure the molecular contamination for satellites in vacuum bake-out tests at the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI). Through measurement using QCMs, the mass and the mass deposition rate of molecular contamination could be traced in real-time. Vacuum bake-out tests were performed for the satellite KAISTAT-4 Flight Model and its components under various temperature conditions. During these tests, QCM measurement data was obtained and materials from the cold plate were analyzed using a Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The characteristics of the QCM sensor were also observed.
A Study on the Operation Performance of a Minienvironment System
Authors: Xu Tengfang
Published: April 2015

A minienvironment is a localized environment created by an enclosure to isolate a product or process from the surrounding environment. Minienvironments have been gaining popularity as a means to provide effective containment for critical contamination control. The use of minienvironments can provide several orders of magnitude improvement in particle cleanliness levels, while energy intensity may be shifted from the conventional cleanroom systems to the minienvironments that enclose specific processes. Prior to this study, there was little information available or published to quantify the energy performance of minienvironment systems. This paper will present quantitative results from a recent study of the operation performance of an open-loop minienvironment air system in a ballroom setting, including quantification of operation range, energy performance index, pressure control, electric power density, and airflows. The paper also provides a comparison of the newly measured results from this study with previously measured cleanroom performance. The results can serve as a starting point for identifying areas for energy savings from applying high-performance minienvironments in cleanrooms.
Vibration Case Study: Master Planning and Design of a Science and Technology Park
Authors: Papadimos Christopher
Published: April 2015

Science and technology parks have become increasingly popular over the past few years in attracting research groups from diverse backgrounds, providing for opportunities for cross-pollination of various research disciplines, and acting as a favorable platform in limiting the risk and initial costs of start-up or incubator companies. During a recent engagement for site master planning and designing of a state-of-the-art research and technology park, the staff needed to overcome numerous challenges to provide for a vibration environment that would be acceptable for the range of anticipated research activities in the park and within each building while making provisions for future flexibility and phases of expansion.

This paper presents (1) some of the constraints of the selected site, such as existing soil conditions and vibration exposure due to existing transportation facilities, that were documented by extensive site testing; (2) how vibration exposure maps developed for the site were used to aid in the proper master planning of the park; (3) other site planning efforts that were required to ensure new transportation facilities serving the park and parking facilities within research buildings were appropriately placed, and the limitations for such facilities; and (4) how research space layouts were developed, vibration criteria were selected, and building designs were developed to address anticipated research uses while making provisions for future flexibility.
Operational Modal Analysis of Aluminum Beams
Authors: Rudroju S. , Gupta A. , Yandamuri S.
Published: April 2015

Natural frequencies obtained by modal analysis are important to engineers interested in predicting the dynamic behavior of structures. Traditional modal analysis involves impact testing or shaker testing, where response signal and input force are measured to obtain the transfer function. However, for large structures, input excitation force measurement may be difficult, if not impossible. Large structures may be subjected to ambient excitation; operational modal analysis (OMA), also known as output-only modal analysis, has been used for extracting modal parameters of these types of structures. The main advantage of operational modal analysis is that no artificial excitation is needed, and the analysis is based on measurements of only the output data of the system. Operational modal analysis tests are performed under the actual operating conditions of the system without any change of boundary conditions; the tests use the ambient loads as input and thus do not interfere with the normal functioning of the system. In this study, six aluminum beams of different configurations (beams with and without cuts of various lengths) were used for conducting experiments. Results based on impact test, shaker test, and operational modal analysis are presented.
Sport Utility Vehicle Rollover Test
Authors: Chambers William
Published: April 2015

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) approached NASA to evaluate vehicle rollover resistance using the High Capacity Centrifuge facility. Testing was planned for six different sport utility vehicles (SUV). Previous methods for simulating rollover conditions were considered to be not indicative of the true driving conditions. A more realistic gradual application of side loading could be achieved by using a centrifuge facility. A unique load measuring lower support system was designed to measure tire loading on the inboard tires and to indicate tire liftoff. This lower support system was designed to more closely emulate actual rollover conditions. Additional design features were provided to mitigate potential safety hazards.
Comparison of Chemical Filters for the Control of Airborne Molecular Contamination
Authors: Muller Chris
Published: April 2015

Airborne molecular contamination (AMC) continues to grow as a major contamination control issue for microelectronics manufacturers. Because of this growth, chemical filter manufacturers are offering a large number of AMC control options from which the facility, process, and contamination control engineers must determine the best solution for their specific AMC control application(s). This paper will present information on the various types of chemical filters available, filter strengths and weaknesses, and the results of independent performance evaluations for a number of different chemical filter types. Several AMC control strategies employing chemical filtration will be discussed. Other topics include an introduction to gaseous contaminants and a definition of AMC; classifications of AMC; contaminants common to cleanroom applications, their sources, and effect; implementing AMC control—a three-step methodology for optimum control of AMC; gas-phase air filtration principles—adsorption, absorption, chemisorption, and factors affecting each; dry-scrubbing air filtration media—plain and chemically impregnated adsorbents; chemical filtration equipment designs—thin-bed and deep-bed systems; and AMC monitoring—passive and real-time reactivity monitors.
An Innovative Method for Dynamic Characterization of Fan Filter Unit Operation
Authors: Xu Tengfang (Tim)
Published: April 2015

Fan filter units (FFUs) are widely used to deliver re-circulated air while providing filtration control of particle concentration in controlled environments such as cleanrooms, minienvironments, and operating rooms in hospitals. The objective of this study is to document an innovative method for characterizing operation and control of an individual FFU within its operable conditions. Built on a draft laboratory method previously published,1 this study presents an updated method including a testing procedure to characterize dynamic operation of FFUs, i.e., steady-state operation conditions determined by varied control schemes, airflow rates, and pressure differential across the units. The parameters for dynamic characterization include total electric power demand, total pressure efficiency, airflow rate, pressure differential across FFUs, and airflow uniformity.
Health and Usage Monitoring Algorithm Based on Terrain Identification for Mechanical Components on an Army Ground Vehicle System
Authors: Heine Richard , Barker Donald
Published: April 2015

The desire for enhanced functionality of Army vehicle systems has resulted in increasingly complex systems. This drive is in direct contention with another Army goal of improved reliability. Health and usage monitoring systems (HUMS) and remaining-life prognostics are being developed to address these conflicting goals. One of the major challenges of applying a HUMS to an Army wheeled vehicle system is that the development and per unit cost of the HUMS needs to be relatively low in comparison with typical high-cost applications such as aircraft. Simplified algorithms that derive terrain exposure from a basic set of sensors and estimate fatigue damage accumulated on components where loading comes primarily from terrain have been developed to meet this need. Various inputs and statistical parameters are evaluated for this model based on accuracy of terrain identification and quality of fatigue prediction on an example component. The generalized process and recommendations for application of this model to military ground vehicle systems are discussed.
Analytical Modeling of the Acoustic Field during a Direct Field Acoustic Test
Authors: Rouse Jerry , Mesh Mikhail , Stasiunas Eric
Published: April 2015

The acoustic field generated during a Direct Field Acoustic Test (DFAT) has been analytically modeled in two space dimensions using a properly phased distribution of propagating plane waves. Both the pure-tone and broadband acoustic field were qualitatively and quantitatively compared to a diffuse acoustic field. The modeling indicates significant non-uniformity of sound pressure level for an empty (no test article) DFAT, specifically a center peak and concentric maxima/minima rings. This spatial variation is due to the equivalent phase among all propagating plane waves at each frequency. The excitation of a simply supported slender beam immersed within the acoustic fields was also analytically modeled. Results indicate that mid-span response is dependent upon location and orientation of the beam relative to the center of the DFAT acoustic field. For a diffuse acoustic field, due to its spatial uniformity, mid-span response sensitivity to location and orientation is nonexistent.
Consistency as the True Measure of Cleanroom Wiper Quality
Authors: Kalelkar Sandeep , Postlewaite Jay
Published: April 2015

Cleanroom wipers have long played an indispensable role in managing contamination in controlled environments. From wiping residues on hard surfaces to applying cleaning solutions, wipers perform a variety of tasks that help maintain the cleanliness levels desired in a given cleanroom environment. This makes the selection of cleanroom wipers a critical decision in any controlled environment. One common way to distinguish between cleanroom wipers of similar structural design is to compare test results across a variety of criteria, according to recommended practices by organizations such as the IEST. However, these results are typically listed as single data points for a given test and are meant to indicate either "typical values," or even target specifications, in some instances. This approach is inherently limited and ineffective in assessing the true levels of cleanliness of a given wiper product. In this study, we review the test methods that are used to evaluate cleanroom wipers and present a new and improved approach by which users can evaluate their cleanliness. We provide a framework by which the consistency of the cleanliness of cleanroom wipers can be assessed in a statistically relevant manner. Finally, we demonstrate the value of using consistency of test results rather than a singular test result as the true measure of wiper quality.
Facilities Planning for Safety and Emergency Response: Bridging the Gap between Design Features and Safety Planning
Authors: Schultz Steve , Paul Jack
Published: April 2015

This article describes some of the safety considerations for the design and construction of micro/nano facilities and applicable building code provisions. The two key elements required for safe operation in micro and nanotechnology facilities are: (1) engineered features incorporated into building construction, and (2) administrative features that deal with how people work within the facility.
Concentrated Solar Radiation Simulation For Space Solar Power Module Vacuum Testing
Authors: Jaffe Paul , Scheiman David , Hemmendinger Karina
Published: April 2015

Space Solar Power (SSP) is broadly defined as the collection of solar energy in space and its wireless transmission for use on Earth. The implementation of such a system could offer energy security, environmental, and technological advantages. The Integrated Symmetrical Concentrator (ISC) and Modular Symmetrical Concentrator (MSC) concepts have received considerable attention among recent commonly proposed SSP implementations. Each concept employs an array of modules for performing conversion of concentrated sunlight into microwaves for transmission to Earth. Until the efforts of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, no module prototypes had been subjected to the challenging conditions inherent to the space environment. The customized space simulation testing and the associated development described in this paper detail the efforts to test a prototype module in vacuum under multiple suns of solar concentration. A small vacuum chamber and 4000W Xenon light source were adapted to provide the desired test conditions. In particular, much effort was devoted to arriving at an effective, inexpensive solution that was consistent with the budget constraints of the project without compromising the fidelity and relevance of the tests.
ISO Technical Committee on Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments Enters Third Decade with New Changes on Horizon
Authors: Ensor David
Published: April 2015

ISO Technical Committee (TC) 209: "Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments" produced many significant standards during its first 20 years of existence. Much remains to be accomplished, however, as the committee is on the verge of completing revisions to two major standards while it also embarks on creating vital new documents.
Increased susceptibility to gingival colonization by specific HACEK microbes in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Steelman Robert , Einzig Stanley , Balian Arpy , Thomas John , Rosen David , Gustafson Robert , Gochenour Lori
Published: April 2015

It is well established that infective endocarditis (IE) involving the HACEK (Hemophilus, Actinobaccillus, Cardiobacter, Eikenella, Kingella) group of microbes occurs in patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) and in those with prosthetic grafts. Dental caries and gingival disease have been presumed to be the focus of microbial shedding. The purpose of this study was to determine if children with CHD had a more severe gingival inflammatory condition and harbored the HACEK group of microbes to a greater extent than normal children. Two groups of 12 age and sex matched children were selected for this study. The experimental group consisted of twelve children with CHD, 1-1/2 to 8 years of age. The control group consisted of 12 healthy children 2 to 8 years of age. Each child had a gingival index score recorded as described by Massler. Subgingival cultures were obtained. Gingival samples were cultured for HACEK microbes and total Streptococcus (spp) using standard techniques. Fisher's exact test was performed with significance defined at P<0.05. Children with CHD had more severe gingival inflammatory index than the control group (P<0.05). 8/12 CHD patient had Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) as compared with 2/12 controls (P<0.05). Furthermore, all cyanotic CHD patients (4/4) had A.a. whereas, only 2/12 controls did (P<0.05). 4/12 CHD patients harbored Eikenella corrodens (E.c.) compared to 1/12 controls (N.S.). There was no significant difference in colonization with E.c. or A.a. between cyanotic and acyanotic patients. No significant difference in total Streptococcus (spp) was found between the two groups. This study suggests that children with CHD have a more severe gingival inflammatory index and are colonized with specific HACEK microbes more so than normal children.
Management of wide open apices in non-vital permanent teeth with Ca(OH)2 paste
Authors: Walia Tarun , Singh Chawla Harpinder , Gauba Krishan
Published: April 2015

A retrospective study on 15 non-vital immature incisor teeth was done using Ca(OH)2 Pulpdent® paste. A success rate of 100 percent was achieved within one year. The variables influencing the time taken for apexification were also evaluated. The teeth were followed up to a period of 24 months. It was found that older children having narrow open apex had a shorter treatment time than the younger children (NS); teeth without periapical infection showed some amount of root growth and closing of apex that was faster than those with periapical infection (p<0.001). The calcified bridge formed following apexification is a porous structure. This investigation provides information about the time taken and procedure required to achieve apical barrier formation in non-vital immature incisors.
Orthodontic correction of an ectopic mandibular first permanent molar: a case report
Authors: Giancotti Aldo , Maselli Antonella
Published: April 2015

Ectopic eruption of mandibular first molar is a rare clinical problem. It is one result of an improper balance in the forces of growth and eruption. A case of ectopic eruption of the mandibular first permanent molar is described and the technique for repositioning it is showed.
Focal dermal hypoplasia: management of complex dental features
Authors: Stephen L. , Behardien N. , Beighton P.
Published: April 2015

A 17 year-old female who presented for treatment of grossly carious lower first molar teeth had multiple features of Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (FDH). These included enamel pitting and hypoplasia, anomalies of shape, size and positioning of teeth, as well as soft tissue papillomas and telangiectasis of tongue.A case report and a synopsis of the syndrome (FDH) are presented, the oral aspects of the condition are reviewed and the management of the complex dental anomalies is discussed.
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: dental, clinical, genetic and dermatoglyphic findings of three cases
Authors: Kargül B. , Alcan T. , Kabalay U. , Atasu M.
Published: April 2015

Patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) are characterized by the clinical manifestations of hypodontia, hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis and a highly characteristic facial physiognomy. This disorder is inherited as an X- linked trait. This report presents three cases with HED in which the clinical evaluation (intraoral and radiological), genetic findings and SEM examination of hair. Boys 6 to 14 year old and a 11 year old girl were referred to the Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, complaining of oligodontia in the maxillary and mandibular arches and delay in eruption of other teeth. Peg-shaped teeth have been observed. The dermatoglyphs of the patients were striking. SEM exmimation of hair demostrated a distinctly abnormal longitudinal groving along the entire length of each hair and a desquamation of the surface cuticles. The treatment was planned in a multidisciplinary odontological group involving pediatric dentistry, orthodontics, prosthodontics and oral surgery and maxillofacial radiology of future dental habilitation. A specially designed overdenture, a removable prosthesis and osseointegrated implants were constructed. Periodic recall visits were advised, to monitor the dentures and implants during periods of growth and development, and eruption of the permanent teeth.
External root resorption of the maxillary permanent incisors caused by ectopically erupting canines
Authors: Kojima Rie , Taguchi Yo , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Noda Tadashi
Published: April 2015

In this study, we analyzed the root resorption of 10 maxillary permanent incisors (two central and eight lateral incisors) in seven cases associated with ectopic eruption of adjacent canines.Two incisors were extracted because of marked root resorption. Two erupted after traction, whereas, five erupted after surgical exposure or without any treatment, although one lateral incisor submerged due to ankylosis. This suggests that self-correction of the ectopic canine occurs in some cases.
A comparison between zinc polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cement in the orthodontic band cementation
Authors: Dincer Banu , Ertan Erdinc Aslihan
Published: April 2015

Fixed orthodontic appliances have been held responsible for demineralization and caries since the time they were first introduced. Zinc polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements are the primary materials used in band cementing. In this study, we evaluated the re-cementing frequencies, enamel demineralization and the degree of cement remains of the bands cemented with glass ionomer and zinc polycarboxylate cements. We have concluded that given the retentive properties and enamel decalcification degree, the glass ionomer cements are to be preferred by the orthodontist.
Oro-dental manifestations of the Schwartz-Jampel syndrome
Authors: Stephen L. , Beighton P.
Published: April 2015

A boy with the Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (chondrodystrophic myotonia) had a number of oro-dental complications.These included difficulty in tooth extraction and orthodontic care due to a small oral aperture and rigidity of the temporo-mandibular joints. General anaesthesia was hazardous because of a propensity to malignant hyperthermia, and endotracheal intubation was difficult because of shortness and rigidity of the neck and the small size of the laryngeal structures.Awareness of these potential problems is crucial for anaesthesia and comprehensive dental management. The radiological demonstration of dentigerous cysts is a hitherto unreported observation in this disorder.
Human enamel veneer restoration in a deciduous tooth: clinical case
Authors: Kalil Bussadori Sandra , Augusto do Rego Marcos , Pereira Rogério Junqueira , Guedes-Pinto Antonio Carlos
Published: April 2015

Trauma to deciduous anterior teeth, frequently occur in children, and the treatment is a big challenge for the pediatric dentistry. In these cases, besides the pain and discomfort provoked by the injury, both child and parents/persons responsible were eager to reconstruct the damage, as soon as possible. In modern operative restorative dentistry, no restorative material is able to substitute for the human dental enamel in quality, color and resistance. The aim of this paper is to relate the treatment of esthetic veneer (facet) of human dental enamel in a three-year-old child after trauma that caused concussion and accentuated color alteration. Clinical results showed an efficient esthetical resolution, revealing it to be a good alternative for treatment of traumatized anterior deciduous teeth.
Congenital gum synechiae as an isolated anomaly: a case report
Authors: Gursoy Haydar Seda , Tercan Aylin , Uckan Sina , Gurakan Berkan
Published: April 2015

Congenital adhesions between different parts of the oral cavity rarely occur. These adhesions usually present difficulty in feeding and even respiration soon after birth. In the case presented here the mild form of gum synechia without associated congenital anomaly was treated by excision of the anterior and posterior alveolar bands. Potential jaw and temporomandibular joint development was not compromised and functional problems were eliminated with such a noninvasive procedure.
Biological factors in dental caries: role of remineralization and fluoride in the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization (part 3)
Authors: Hicks John , Garcia-Godoy Franklin , Flaitz Catherine
Published: April 2015

Dental caries is a complex disease process that afflicts a large proportion of the world, regardless of gender, age and ethnicity, although it does tend to affect more with a low socioeconomic status to a greater extent. Remineralization may be enhanced by providing low levels of calcium and phosphate, in conjunction with minimal amounts of fluoride. It is truly remarkable the difference that a very small amount of fluoride (<1ppm) has upon demineralization and remineralization. This is because fluoride acts as a catalyst and influences reaction rates with dissolution and transformation of various calcium phosphate mineral phases within tooth structure and resident within plaque adjacent to tooth surfaces. The incorporation of minimal amounts of fluoride into HAP yields FHAP that resists demineralization to similar level as FAP. New and emerging methods have been and are in the process of being developed. These hold great promise for preventing and reversing caries, especially in the one-fifth of the population that accounts for two-thirds of the caries experience. Still, the mainstay in caries prevention and remineralization is frequent exposure to low levels of fluoride. This may be accomplished with fluoridated toothpastes, supplemented with fluoride mouthrinses,CPP-ACP containing chewing gum and application of fluoride varnishes.The role of systemic fluorides appears to be limited and primarily has a topical effect.
Aggressive periodontitis of the primary dentition associated with idiopathic immune deficiency: case report and treatment considerations
Authors: Bimstein Enrique , McIlwain Michael , Katz Joseph , Jerrell Greg , Primosch Robert
Published: April 2015

The present case, of a child with an idiopathic immune deficiency and aggressive periodontitis in the primary dentition, serves as an example for the treatment considerations in these cases. Extraction of all the primary teeth proved to be the most adequate treatment. It allowed the child to eat properly and prevented unwanted infections that could endanger the life of the child. The newly erupted permanent teeth have been subjected to careful oral hygiene, clorhexidine topical applications, and have mild gingival inflammation and no attachment loss.
Effects of eugenol and non-eugenol endodontic fillers on short post retention, in primary anterior teeth: an in vitro study
Authors: Teixeira Alves Fabiana , de Sousa Vieira Ricardo
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to measure in vitro the tensile bond strength of short composite posts in anterior primary teeth filled with calcium hydroxide and eugenol-based endodontic filling materials. Means of tensile strength ranged from 2.66 to 3.56MPa. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. It was concluded that the type of filling material used in the endodontic treatment did not interfere with the tensile strength.
Reattachment and Orthodontic Extrusion in the management of an incisor crown-root fracture: A case report
Authors: Suprabha B , Kundabala M , Subraya M , Kancherla P
Published: April 2015

This article describes the management of a case of oblique crown root fracture of a central incisor where the fractured fragment was used as a temporary replacement crown in order to maintain esthetics during the period of orthodontic extrusion of the remaining root. Placement of the final restoration after orthodontic extrusion resulted in good esthetics and periodontal health postoperatively. The merits and demerits of this treatment modality are discussed.
Shear Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Systems to Primary Dentin and Enamel
Authors: Miranda Carla , Maykot Prates Luiz Henrique , de Souza Vieira Ricardo , Marino Calvo Maria Cristina
Published: April 2015

The aims of this study were to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of four adhesive systems applied to primary dentin and enamel and verify, after SBS testing, the failure mode of the adhesive interface. Sixty extracted sound primary molars were selected and crowns were sectioned in a mesial-distal direction. Specimens were randomly assigned into two groups (adhesion to enamel and adhesion to dentin) and then subdivided into four subgroups according to the adhesive system (n=15): Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SMP) – Single Bond (SB) – Clearfil SE Bond (and Adper Prompt LPop (APL) – SBS tests were performed and the obtained values were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). The failure mode analysis was performed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (XL-30, Philips). SBS mean values on enamel were [MPa (SD)]: SMP – 27.89 (7.49); SB – 23.92 (8.8); CSB – 24.36 (6.69); APL – 25.96 (4.08); and on dentin: SMP – 17.29 (4.25); SB – 18.2 (8.74); CSB – 16.13 (7.14); APL – 6.04 (3.35). The predominant failure mode was cohesive (primarily of the bonding agent). On enamel SBS was statistically similar for all four adhesives. On dentin SBS of APL was lower than the other tested adhesives.
In vivo outcomes of Indirect Pulp Treatment using a Self-etching Primer versus Calcium Hydroxide over the Demineralized Dentin in Primary Molars
Authors: Casagrande Luciano , Bento Letícia Westphalen , Rerin Simone Ossok , Resende Lucas Èvelin de , Dalpian Débora Martini , de Araujo Fernando Borba
Published: April 2015

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes (24 months) of indirect pulp treatment (IPT)in primary teeth when a self-etching primer or a calcium hydroxide layer was used over the remaining carious dentin. Study design: Primary molar teeth with deep carious lesions without signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis were divided into two groups, according to the capping material: Experimental group(1): self-etching adhesive system (Clearfill SE Bond); and Control group (2): calcium hydroxide liner(Dycal). Both groups were followed up after application of a resin restoration (3M - Z250). Results: After 2 years of clinical and radiographic follow-up, no statistical difference was found between groups (p=1). The overall success rate reached 87%. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that IPT has a high clinical and radiographic performance in primary teeth and is not dependent on the capping material used over the demineralized dentin.
Effect of Lactoperoxidase System Containing Toothpaste on Cariogenic Bacteria in Children with Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Jyoti Sapna , Shashikiran N , Subba Reddy V
Published: April 2015

Background and Objectives: Lactoperoxidase system contains Lactoperoxidase, Hydrogen peroxide and Thiocyanate ions, which have inhibitory action against cariogenic oral microflora. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of lactoperoxidase system containing toothpaste on cariogenic microflora in children with early childhood caries. Methods: Study group included 30 children with Early Childhood Caries. 15 were considered as test group who used the test product Biotene® toothpaste and other 15 as control group who used Colgate Active® as control product. Salivary samples were analyzed for mutans streptococci (MS) and Lactobacilli, and for the levels of Thiocyanate ions. Results: showed significant increase in the levels of Thiocyanate ion in saliva during experimental period. Compared to the control group test group showed significant increase in the levels of thiocyanate ions during experimental and washout period, whereas the number of colonies of MS and Lactobacilli were significantly reduced in test group during experimental period. Conclusion: The levels of thiocyanate ions can be increased in vivo by supplementing the saliva with natural enzymes like lactoperoxidase. This increased concentration of thiocyanate will reduce the number of cariogenic microflora in children with Early Childhood Caries.
Neonatal Tooth—How Dangerous Can it Be?
Authors: Kamboj Mala , Chougule Rahul
Published: April 2015

The term "neonatal teeth" is applied to those teeth which erupt within the first 30 days of life. Case of a fifteen day old infant is presented here with a neonatal tooth that led to serious complications. An attempt has been made to highlight that these predeciduous teeth can sometimes lead to dangerous consequences about which the general dentist must be aware of and must take prompt action.
Pulp Polyp Associated with a Natal Tooth: Case Report
Authors: Vergotine Rodney , Hodgson Brian , Lambert Lance
Published: April 2015

Natal teeth are an infrequent occurrence at birth. Often these teeth are extracted because they are very mobile and pose a risk of aspiration. This is a rare case in which a natal tooth was extracted by the pediatrician with his fingers. A root fragment remained and out of this developed a large pulp polyp. This relationship has not been previously reported.
Teething Symptoms in the First Year of Life and Associated Factors: A Cohort Study
Authors: Feldens Carlos Alberto , Faraco Junior Italo Medeiros , Ottoni Andréia Bertani , Feldens Eliane Gerson , Vítolo Márcia Regina
Published: April 2015

Objective: To investigate the occurrence and management of teething symptoms during the first year of life and associated factors. Study design: 500 children were recruited at birth. Research assessments including structured interviews, anthropometric measurements and dental examination were carried out after birth, at 6 months and at one-year of age. The primary outcome of this study was defined as the occurrence of one or more teething symptoms within the first year of life, as reported by the mother. Results: Teething symptoms were reported in 73% of the children analyzed (273/375). The symptoms most frequently reported were irritability (40.5%), fever (38.9%), diarrhoea (36.0%) and itching (33.6%). Dentists had little influence on the management of symptoms and self-medication to relieve them was a common practice. The risk of reporting teething symptoms was higher for children from nuclear families (p=0.040) and for children from families with higher income (p=0.040). Conclusions: Teething symptoms were highly reported in this population. Pediatric dentists should be accessible and provide adequate orientation when symptoms can be managed at home or immediate referral to health services when more serious diseases are suspected.
Oral Health Status of the Visually Impaired Children – A South Indian Study
Authors: Shetty Vabitha , Hegde Amitha , Bhandary Srikala , Rai Kavita
Published: April 2015

Oral health is an important aspect of health for all children, and is all the more important for children with special health needs. The oral health of children who are visually impaired can be disadvantaged, since they are often unable to adequately apply the techniques necessary to control plaque. Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the oral health status of visually impaired children. Method: A modified WHO oral health assessment form was used to assess oral conditions, oral hygiene status, caries experience and gingival status. Results and conclusion: The children exhibited suboptimal levels of oral health with majority of the children showing a high caries prevalence as well as moderate to severe gingivitis.