bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age specific neuroprotection of curcumin is through differential modulation of brain dopamine metabolism: Insights from Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ayajuddin Mohamad , Das Abhik , Yenisetti Sarat
Published: July 2024

Epidemiological studies suggest a strong linkage between exposure to environmental toxins and onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Rotenone is a widely used pesticide and known inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, that has been shown to induce Parkinsonian phenotypes in various animal models. Our laboratory has developed a rotenone mediated ALSS Drosophila model of PD which is critical to screen small molecules and identify molecular targets of dopaminergic neuroprotection for late-onset neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. Using negative geotaxis assay, qualitative and quantitative analysis of dopaminergic neurons by fluorescence microscopy and further quantifying the levels of dopamine and its metabolites by HPLC, we have assessed the neurodegeneration under PD induced conditions and neuroprotection by employing curcumin in Drosophila model of PD. Exposure to rotenone induces mobility defects in health and transition phase of adult Drosophila; whereas curcumin ameliorates the deficits only during early health phase but fail during late health and transition phases. Probing the whole fly brain using anti-tyrosine hydroxylase antibodies, for rotenone mediated dopamine neurodegeneration illustrates that it does not cause loss of dopaminergic neurons per se. However, it leads to dopaminergic “neuronal dysfunction” (diminished levels of rate limiting enzyme of dopamine synthesis) and curcumin rescues the neuronal dysfunction only during the early health phase but fails to mitigate the dopamine neuronal pathology during the transition phase of adult life. Genotropic nutraceutical curcumin replenishes the diminished levels of brain specific dopamine and its metabolites DOPAC and HVA during adult early health phase and fails to do so in adult transition phase, suggesting that the life phase-specific dopaminergic neuroprotective efficacy is mediated through differential modulation of perturbations in brain dopamine metabolism. Present study suggests the limitation of curcumin as a therapeutic agent for PD and emphasizes the necessity of screening putative neuroprotective small molecules for late onset neurodegenerative diseases such as PD in life phase matched animal models during which the disease sets in.
How consumers perceive the sustainability of a product with a short food supply chain certification: the case of the Catalan proximity sales label
Authors: Molist Adrià Menéndez i , Kallas Zein , Fuentes Omar Vicente Guadarrama
Published: July 2024

Enhancing the sustainability of the agri-food supply chain is dependent on the active and informed participation of consumers. Food product certifications can aid consumers in making better-informed purchasing decisions. In this research, we examined the consumer's perceptions of the sustainability features of two institutional short chain certifications, which indicate the product's local and short supply chain origins. Data was obtained from a sample of 300 Catalan consumers, who were stratified by gender, age, and income level. Respondents were surveyed face-to-face in an experimental environment and asked to rate 20 sustainability indicators on a 7-point Likert scale based on FAO’s sustainability assessment for food and agriculture systems (SAFA), with fig jam as the case study. The study showed that consumers believe purchasing certified fig jam contributes to improving agri-food supply chain sustainability, particularly concerning the farmers’ economic and governance aspects. The heterogeneity analysis revealed a correlation between trust in the certification and purchase intention of certified fig jam and higher sustainability perceptions, particularly among the enthusiastic cluster of consumers. However, prior knowledge of the certification was not a significant factor. The results highlight the significance of implementing direct sales and short chain certifications through institutional bodies to encourage consumers to make sustainable purchasing choices. This represents a road map for producers, policymakers and marketers in the agri-food sector.
State Analysis of a Bio-Based Hydrogel Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Processes by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Using Cyclotron Radiation
Authors: Monta Kana , Hidaka Masafumi , Ishikawa Daitaro , Fujii Tomoyuki
Published: July 2024

Freezing hydrogels can compromise their network structures and modify their properties as a result of ice crystal formation. Therefore, understanding the internal structure, including ice crystals and the state of chemical components within hydrogels, is essential. In this study, we evaluated the elemental distribution in bio-based hydrogels subjected to freezing-thaw process using X-ray absorption spectroscopy with cyclotron radiation. A bio-based hydrogel, prepared from Alaska pollock, underwent both slow and rapid freezing processes. Tomographic images and linear X-ray absorption coefficient distributions of the rapidly frozen hydrogel displayed a uniform image with a mean absorption coefficient of 2.81 cm− 1. Conversely, the slowly frozen sample exhibited distinct contrasts with peaks at 2.516 cm− 1 (dark) and 3.691 cm− 1 (bright), occupying 28% and 72% of the image, respectively. The mean absorption coefficient of the slowly frozen sample was comparable to that of the rapidly frozen sample, indicating no elemental loss. The elements within the hydrogel were categorized into organic elements, macrominerals, and trace elements. The bright areas in the images were attributed to the concentration of macrominerals. Notably, Cl and Na were the primary contributors to the absorption coefficients among the elements present, signifying salt migration during freezing. These findings suggest that the contrast observed in X-ray computed tomography images after freezing reflects the elemental distribution within the hydrogel and successfully demonstrates element localization due to cryoconcentration.
Time to loss of physical integrity of Attractive Targeted Sugar Bait (ATSB) stations in Western province, Zambia: a survival analysis
Authors: Karabo Refilwe Y. , Mundia Masuzyo H. , Mwenya Mwansa , Saili Kochelani , Miller John , Silumbe Kafula , Kyomuhangi Irene , Wagman Joseph , Chanda Javan , Orange Erica , Hamainza Busiku , Harris Angela F. , Entwistle Julian , Slutsker Laurence , Burkot Thomas R , Littrell Megan , Eisele Thomas P. , Ashton Ruth A. , Yukich Joshua
Published: July 2024

Background
Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits (ATSBs) are a potential addition to the integrated vector management strategy against malaria. ATSB stations utilize the attract and kill method to control mosquitoes. Each ATSB station contains a sugar bait laced with an ingestion toxicant. This study measured the duration of physical integrity of the ATSB Sarabi v1.2 station used in western Zambia as part of a Phase III cluster randomized control trial.
Methods
ATSB stations were installed on external walls of 304 sleeping structures, in 206 households (10–11 per cluster within 20 clusters). Monthly visits were made to assess for the presence and condition the ATSB stations from November 2022-June 2023. A rolling cohort approach was used, whereby newly installed, and replacement ATSB stations were included in the study. Information on structure construction and location of ATSB stations on walls was collected. Median ATSB survival and associated factors were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox-Proportional hazard models, respectively.
Results
Including replacements, a total of 1107 ATSB stations were installed across 304 sleeping structures and 5696 ATSB-visits were made. Common types of damage observed were holes/tears, mold, and leakage of bait. While the median survival time for the ATSB stations was five months (149 days) for all stations in the study, the median survival time was longer than the transmission season for stations installed in locations well protected by the roof (> 218 days). ATSB station survival was longer when installed on structures with thatched roofs compared to iron sheet roofs (Hazard Ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.26–0.47, p < 0.001), and where there was ‘excellent protection’ (HR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.25–0.49, p < 0.001), compared to ‘no protection’.
Conclusions
Study results suggest that the majority of Sarabi v1.2 ATSB stations deployed in this setting will remain intact for a 7-month seasonal deployment period if stations are installed in locations protected from rain and wind such as underneath a thatched roof. Further research is needed to understand factors that influence the physical integrity of ATSB stations in addition to those observed in this study.
Comparisons of corneal biomechanical and higher-order aberrations between thin normal cornea and Forme Fruste keratoconus
Authors: Liu Mingna , Liu Xiaojing , Liu Xin , Chen Tong , Liu Chang , Tian Ge
Published: July 2024

Background
To compare the corneal biomechanical parameters and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of thin normal cornea (TNC) and Forme Fruste keratoconus (FFKC).
Methods
The data collected between June 2018 and May 2023 at the Eye Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University were divided into two groups: 26 normal eyes of 26 patients (18–38 years) with the thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) ≤ 500 µm and 26 eyes of 26 patients (14–35 years) with FFKC. Central corneal thickness (CCT) and biomechanical-corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) were matched by propensity score matching. Scheimpfug imaging (Pentacam) and corneal visualization Scheimpfug technology (Corvis ST) were used to compare the variations in corneal biomechanical parameters and HOAs between the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to judge the accuracy of significantly different parameters in predicting FFKC. The FFKC diagnostic model was established using the best discriminant function.
Results
The time of the first applanation (A1T), the velocity of corneal movement during the second applanation (A2V), the time at which the cornea reached the highest concavity (HCT) and the total corneal root mean square (RMS) of the HOA were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). HCT showed good potential for distinguishing between FFKC and TNC. The best discriminant function showed a prediction accuracy of 78.4%.
Conclusion
This study suggested that the relationship between certain biomechanical properties and HOAs could be valuable for the diagnosis of FFKC.
Impact of a University Laparoscopic Training Program on Dexterity and Vigilance Development.
Authors: Osman Bahaa Eldin , Gharios Joseph , Kassis Nadine , Jabbour Hicham , Khazzaka Aline
Published: July 2024

Background: The Fundamental of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) program, endorsed by the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, has been instrumental in enhancing and assessing laparoscopic skills among trainees. However, whether a simulator-based training leads to trainees' awareness of their limitations remains unexplored.
Participants and Methods: Twenty-one participants (10 novices and 11 experienced) were included, and categorized based on their participation in a laparoscopic training program held at the Saint Joseph University of Beirut. Trainees' development of basic and complex laparoscopic skills was assessed using standardized FLS tasks. Additionally, a questionnaire was administered to evaluate participants' satisfaction, confidence, and self-assessment levels during task execution.
Results: Both groups completed the basic psychomotor tasks successfully, but the experienced group was significantly faster (p<0.005). Experienced participants were able to complete the intracorporeal knot versus half of novices (p=0.023), with the experienced group being better performing and faster. Most of experienced and none of novices manage to accomplish the end-to-end anastomosis. Both groups exhibited comparable levels of confidence, satisfaction, frustration, and difficulty perception. No significant distinction is found between the two groups in terms of performance self-rating. Also, no significant correlation is found between the levels of self-assessment and the objective scores of precision cutting and anastomosis among participants.
Conclusion: This study reaffirms the effectiveness of simulation-based laparoscopic training for developing and retaining basic and complex surgical skills. While such training enhances stress management and self-confidence, it still insufficient to develop high level of vigilance and self-awareness.
Perspectives of Key Informants on Establishing a Pharmacist-led Anticoagulation Service in Primary Care Centers: An Implementation Research Approach
Authors: Alshihab Safaa , Ibrahim Mohamed Izham Mohamed , Al-Zaidan Manal , Hadi Muhammad Abdul
Published: July 2024

Background
Globally, pharmacist-led anticoagulation services have improved patient outcomes in secondary and tertiary care settings. However, little is known about establishing such services within primary care settings.
Aim
This study explored key informants' perceptions regarding the development and implementation of a pharmacist-led anticoagulation service in a primary care setting.
Methods
A descriptive qualitative study was conducted at Qatar's largest primary healthcare institution, the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC). Key stakeholders, including healthcare center managers, pharmacy leads, physician leads and primary care physicians with cardiology privileges, were purposively recruited. Semi-structured interviews were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and analyzed using framework analysis.
Results
Data saturation was achieved after interviewing eleven key informants. The participants expressed confidence in the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing anticoagulation service in primary care to address patients’ needs. The main facilitators identified included ensuring pharmacist competency and establishing effective internal and external communication. The primary barrier identified was staffing shortages. Participants also highlighted the importance of developing standardized operational protocols, training programs, and integrating services with secondary care.
Conclusion
The implementation of pharmacist-led anticoagulation services in primary care settings was identified as both feasible and essential for improving patient outcomes. The insights from this study can inform future initiatives aimed at enhancing anticoagulation management in primary care settings.
The response characteristics and stability evaluation of vegetated slope under strong wind
Authors: Yanlin Liu , Wang Fei , Ji feng , zhang lianhua , zhao jianjun , zheng chen , chen jibin
Published: July 2024

As one of the major geological disasters in southeastern China, typhoon-induced vegetation slope instability causes significant loss of life and property each year. This research quantitatively investigated the effects of wind and vegetation on slope dynamic field and soil strength through numerical simulation and soil strength degradation tests. Finally, we proposed an optimization method for stability assessment of vegetated slopes in the southeast coastal area. The results show that: 1) From 1999 to 2022, 86.1% of landslides occurred during typhoons with high wind speeds and precipitation. 2) The influence of wind on the dynamic response of vegetated slopes varies obviously with wind speeds. When the wind grade ≥ 13 (typhoon: 37.0 ~ 41.4m/s), vegetation canopy shaking significantly increases slope displacement. 3) When the wind speed is higher than that in working condition 4 (grade 10–11: 24.5 ~ 32.6m/s), the wind load promotes the degradation of soil strength, with the degradation parameter (Kτ) drastically decreasing by nearly 22.2%. 4) Compared with the traditional model, the optimized evaluation model is more sensitive. The calculated anti-sliding force increases by 10.62%~11.64%. The research results can improve the accuracy of slope stability assessment and provide a reasonable reference for the factor selection of typhoon-induced landslide risk assessment.
Scheduling and Response-time Analysis of Multicore and Multi-GPU Heterogeneous Systems
Authors: Mobaiyen Sahar , Tsog Nandinbaatar , Mubeen Saad , Sjödin Mikael , Becker Matthias
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we introduce a novel scheduling approach tailored for real-time tasks executing on heterogeneous computing platforms, which encompass both multi-core processors and multiple identical GPUs. The proposed approach addresses the limitations of traditional scheduling approaches for multi-core and multi-GPU systems, which typically rely on locks or semaphores to manage access to shared GPUs. The proposed approach employs a server task to manage the request to access the GPUs from other tasks. The requesting tasks are suspended on their corresponding cores during the GPU computation, thereby avoiding the limitations of busy waiting and long priority inversions often encountered in traditional lock-based scheduling approaches. The paper also develops the worst-case response-time analysis of tasks that are scheduled using the proposed scheduling approach on these systems. The evaluation results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed scheduling approach over the traditional lock-based approaches, especially in improving the schedulability rate of task sets in multi-core and multi-GPU systems.
Generative Artificial Intelligence Models inPharmacokinetics: A Study on aTwo-Compartment Population Model
Authors: Herrero Sergio Sánchez , Calvet Laura
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the potential of AI generative models in pharmacometrics, focusing on developing a two-compartment population pharmacokinetic (PK) model using data from Hosseini et al. (2018). Artificial Intelligence (AI) generative models assist non-professional programmers in learning programming languages, techniques, and skills relevant to PK modelling. To evaluate free AI generative models like ChatGPT 3.5 (ChatGPT), Microsoft Copilot v4.0 (Copilot), and Bard v4.0 (Gemini), PK models were constructed in R Studio, addressing essential tasks in pharmacometrics and clinical pharmacology, including model descriptions, necessary inputs, results, and code generation, focusing on reproducibility. ChatGPT and Copilot outperformed Gemini, demonstrating strong foundational knowledge, advanced concepts, and practical skills, including PK code structure and syntax. Validation showed high accuracy in estimated and simulated plots, with negligible differences in Cl and Q (6.89 ± 0.2 and 45.5 ± 17.4 [reference] vs. 7.02 ± 0.78 and 50.55 ± 0.5 [AI models]), and volumes Vc and Vp (49.15 ± 3.8 and 34.61 ± 5.2 [reference] vs. 49.86 ± 1.43 and 33.14 ± 1.33 [AI models]). Metrics results showed AFE, AAFE, and MPE values of 0.99, 1.14, and -1.85, respectively. AI generative models can accurately retrieve PK parameters from literature, develop population PK models in R, and create interactive Shiny applications for result visualization. However, recognizing the limitations and challenges of AI generative models, including accuracy, reliability, transparency, and reproducibility of AI-generated data and code, is crucial.
Enhancing Indian Rice Plant resilience to toxic heavy metals with Glycine betaine as a modulator.
Authors: Bhaskar Monika , Dixit Ashwini kumar , Abhishek Amar
Published: July 2024

Contamination of arable land with potentially toxic heavy metals (PTHMs) is a critical global issue resulting from industrialization. To tackle this problem, a two-year pot experiment was carried out on Indian rice plants (Oriza sativa L.) using four different treatments of PTHMs at varying concentrations (T1: 5; T2: 10; T3: 20; T4: 40 mg/kg). The intent was to explore the impact of glycine betaine (GB) application on the plants' resilience and stress response. Findings indicated that exposure to PTHMs led to a significant increase in the accumulation of these metals and oxidative stress indices during the 2.5th and 4th month growth stages. However, when GB was applied to the soil, there was a decrease in the accumulation of PTHMs and oxidative stress indices. This was attributed to the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity and metabolic functions in the rice plants. Interestingly, the study revealed that Indian rice plants had the highest accumulation of Fe, followed by Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cu in their roots. When exposed to PTHMs, the roots exhibited higher metal uptake compared to the shoots and seeds, with uptake levels rising with increasing concentrations of PTHMs. Notably, under the highest PTHMs stress (T4), the content of Cr and Pb in the roots, shoots, and seeds decreased significantly. This reduction was even more pronounced when treated with 400 mM GB, showcasing decreases of up to 33.3%, 36%, and 89.3% in Cr content, and 36.4%, 55%, and 80.5% in Pb content, respectively.
Keywords: Amelioration; Oryza sativa; Heavy metals; Glycine betaine; Antioxidant
Primordial Vasculogenic Mimicry Formation in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Bellido Daniel Delgado , Chacon-Barrado Antonio , Olmedo-Pelayo Joaquin , Perez Carmen Jordan , Garcia-Diaz Angel , pozo javier oliver , de Álava Enrique
Published: July 2024

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults and where Vasculogenic Mimicry (VM) was first described. VM allows aggressive cancer cells to form blood networks independently, complicating treatment to patients from different tumor origin. Previous studies linked VE-Cadherin phosphorylation at Y658 to gene expression via Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) enhance the Kaiso/β-catenin/TCF-4 associates with VE-cadherin, enhancing VM. Disabling FAK prevents Y658 phosphorylation, causing VE-Cadherin/β-catenin dissociation and β-catenin degradation, reducing TCF-4-dependent gene transcription. Combined FAK inhibitor PF-271 and bevacizumab treatment significantly reduces tumor growth. Recently, an allosteric HIF2 inhibitor (Belzutifan) was FDA approved for VHL-associated ccRCCs and is in phase III testing for sporadic ccRCCs. In this original article, we decipher the primary causes of VM formation in UM patients with chromosome 3 loss and chromosome 8 gain, with VHL, BAP1, and FAK playing significant roles in initiating VM and consequently causing metastasis-related death in these patients. Using a combination of Belzutifan and FAKi, we observe a significant reduction in xenograft UM cells. In conclusion, we propose the combination of HIF-2i and FAKi as a prophylactic measure and for UM patients with metastasis, as this prevents VM formation and the hypoxic conditions generated by the chromosome 3 loss 8 gain.
Adaptation of International Military Cadets to the Host Environment of Russian Military Universities in the Context of Foreign Theories of Ethnic Migration
Authors: Zhukov Artem V. ,   Transbaikal State University, Kovalev Vitaly A. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: July 2024

The article discusses theoretical aspects of the problem of research on the adaptation of international cadets, which, according to the authors, consists in finding a way out of the contradiction between the concept of full assimilation of migrants and the concept of preserving the personal beginning. The object of the study is the adaptation of international cadets in a foreign cultural environment. The subject of the article is the explanatory potential of the theories of ethnic migration, revealed in the context of the discussion of adaptation of international cadets of military universities. The aim of the article is to substantiate the position that in the conditions of intensification of digitalization processes there is a radical revision of assessments of adaptation of international military cadets, who, while participating in professional assimilation, continue to be members of transnational communities, united with both the host environment and their traditional ethnic environment. The method is a comparative analysis of the conceptual content of the theories of migration and socialization, taking into account their applicability to explain the processes of adaptation of adults in a non-ethnic environment. The authors prove that in the XXI century the attitude to the problem of assimilation of international cadets of a military university is changing, as they are recognized as transmigrants, i. e. participants of transnational communities, united both with the host society and with their traditional ethnic environment through electronic networks. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the proof of the idea that in modern conditions foreign cadets of a military university are carriers of identities of different levels, which are included in the structure of social, economic, and political life of different societies. The practical significance of the article lies in the proposal of adaptation strategies based on the belief that migrants have a sustainable desire for re-socialization and consciously choose the path of professional assimilation in the military environment of cadets, which does not mean that this process they associate with the need to abandon ethnic values and traditions of the sending community
Dimensional Standards of Seima-Turbino Castings with Eyes
Authors: Mikhailov Yu. I.
Published: July 2024

The article features the dimensions applied by ancient figure casters. It summarizes the findings of eye molding forms for spearheads and axe blades from the Ob-Irtysh interfluve. The initial reference point for marking the negative tip of the spearhead was the toe length, which determined the bushing length as 2 to 1. After removing the contours of the bushing, the master marked the maximum width of the toe on the negative of the casting mold. The conditional points were in the middle of the spearhead length. The central rib (stiffening rib) corresponded to the length of the toe, and the endings of the parallel lateral ribs (teeth) fell on the maximum expansion of the toe. The upper edge of the eye and the upper line of the belt were marked at a distance equal to the outer diameter of the bushing towards the blade. The reconstructed system of relations between the whole and its parts could be defined as the dimensional standard observed by the master. The hook under the toe gave it the necessary structural strength. It prevented the toe from sinking, and the fracture did not load along the line of connection between the toe and the bushing. The new dimensional standard occurred as the position of the fork in the spearhead design changed. The Seima-Turbino axes also had a 2 to 1 ratio. Initially, the edge of the eye was marked at a distance equal to half the length of the vent of the bushing. Then, the eye was designed in the vent direction. In Samus-Kizhirovo moldings, the eye was modeled not in the direction of the vent of the bushing, but in the opposite one, i.e., to the blade. The single-eye design was original, and the two-eye products appeared as a result of its modification that made it possible to spearheads and axes with solid eyes.
Social and Legal Status of Administrative and Academic Staff in West Siberia, 1885–1918: Historiographical Aspect
Authors: Ragimova K. Z.
Published: July 2024

The article covers the social and legal status of the administrative and academic staff in the West Siberian Education District in 1885–1918. This matter remains largely understudied in Russian historiography as the available sources are uneven in quality and quantity. Domestic historiography also lacks methodological and axiological tools that could reveal the correlation between the socio-legal status of education officials and the development of the education system. The research objective was to identify the level of knowledge that historical studies have to offer on the social and legal profile of the administrative and academic staff in West Siberia in 1885–1918. The data obtained made it possible to identify areas of scientific research in Pre-Revolution, Soviet, and Russian scientific literature. The research relied on the principles of objectivity, historicism, and consistency. The historiographic analysis was in line with the problem-chronological principle. The review consisted of three parts, depending on the chronology, methodology, and scope of research: pre-Revolution (1874–1917), Soviet (1917–late 1980s), and post-Soviet (early 1990s–present). The authors determined the contribution of some researchers to the history of the education system of the Russian Empire, as well as analyzed the role of pre-Revolution, Soviet, and post-Soviet studies of the education system in West Siberia. The article introduces the views and methodological standpoints on the development of the social and legal profile of the administrative and academic staff in West Siberia.
"Even Teenagers Practiced Shamanism": Routine of Shamanism in Yakutia in 1920s as Described in the Autonomous Yakutia Newspaper
Authors: Tikhomirov N. V.
Published: July 2024

The article describes the social role of shamanism in Yakutia in the 1920s. The newspaper of Autonomous Yakutia served as the main source. The research is the first-of-its-kind attempt to study Yakut shamanism as a socio-cultural phenomenon based on a comprehensive analysis of local mass media. The newspaper described the shamanic practices, people’s attitude, and anti-shamanism measures. The editorial office received many letters from villagers and medical workers that described the everyday life of the Yakuts, as well as their attitude to traditions and Soviet modernization. Some letters came from former shamans themselves and contained a public denunciation of the craft. The research relied on the historical-anthropological methodology as an integrated approach that united systematic, historical-comparative, and content-analytical methods. The information potential of the periodical press proved to be a valuable source for regional historical studies, e.g., the history of Yakutia in the first decade after the Revolution of 1917. The results develop the scientific ideas about the nature of Yakut shamanism and its historical development, thus expanding the research source base in the field of regional everyday-life history. The obtained conclusions can be used for further research of Yakut shamanism in the XX century and regional mass media as a source on everyday history.
Academic Personnel Training in Postgraduate Education in Krasnoyarsk Region in 1949–1988
Authors: Gergilev D. N. , Pavlyukevich R. V. , Kuzmenko A. S.
Published: July 2024

Science and education are especially important in the post-industrial society. Past experience makes it possible to develop these spheres. In the second half of the XX century, the Krasnoyarsk Region was undergoing a double transition. On the one hand, it was experiencing industrial modernization; on the other hand, it was turning from a resource region into a developed semi-peripheral region. Both transitions required a local system of academic personnel training. This article reconstructs the development of the postgraduate training system in the Krasnoyarsk Region in 1949–1988, from the first to the last postgraduate cohort in the Soviet Russia. Until 1949, the Krasnoyarsk Region had no postgraduate education of its own. Methodologically, the research relied on the symbiosis of an adapted world-system approach and modernization theory, which made it possible to analyze the quantitative changes in the local postgraduate education over a forty-year period as part of the regional development. The early 1950s saw new universities and scientific institutions with their own programs for training senior research personnel. The economic profile of the Krasnoyarsk Region required a sharp increase in scientific personnel to implement the industrialization and ensure the transition to intensive development. Between 1949 and the late 1960s, the number of postgraduate students in the region grew by 9,000%, after which the enrollment and graduation rates reached plateau. The curricula were changing as well, and the number of specialties was increasing. The areas of training and their proportions depended on the economic development plans. The number of graduate students peaked when the new industrial base was completed. The region turned from a periphery into a semi-periphery of the Soviet economy. The postgraduate education in the Krasnoyarsk Region reflected its economic profile in the period under study. Exact and natural sciences had the largest share: more than a third of all postgraduate students were trained in technical specialties, followed by physics, mathematics, and agricultural sciences. Their numbers continued to grow until the end of the 1960s, after which they gave leadership to social sciences, thus reflecting the changes in the local economic and social development.
Ethnic Minorities in Bessarabia during Romanization in 1918–1920
Authors: Nam I. V. , Naumova N. I.
Published: July 2024

This article describes the political and social situation in Bessarabia in the context of the so-called Great Romania Project, i.e., attempts to romanize the multiethnic population in the region that took place after the Great War in 1918–1919. The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian, Russian, and Ottoman Empires changed the map of Europe and gave rise to new national states. These processes triggered various national minority issues, e.g., civil, political, and language inequality. In 1918, Romania occupied Bessarabia, which had been part of Russian Empire since 1812. Besides Moldovans, who were recognized as the core of Romanian nation, Bessarabia’s population was multiethnic and involved Russians, Ukrainians, Russinians, Germans, Jews, Poles, Bulgarians, Gagauz, etc. Romania started incorporating Bessarabia and integrating its population even before the new borders were recognized internationally. This research featured the methods of Romanization in Bessarabia. It relied on archival documents published in The Red Archive Journal in 1940, which remained beyond the scope of scientific attention. The authors used the principles of historicism and objectivity represented by the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative historical and problem-chronological methods, etc. The goal of the forced Romanization was to exterminate Russian influence, e.g., the regional division into zemstvo, local elections, language, education, etc. As a result, the methods of force applied to the language, ethnic, and religious minorities caused their active resistance.
Guides to France for American Liberators
Authors: Vivatenko S. V. , Baev O. V.
Published: July 2024

In the modern world, contacts between cultures tend to strengthen, even during and after military conflicts. After France had been liberated by the US Army during World War II, US soldiers started getting acquainted with French culture. This article introduces an analysis of American guidebooks published specifically for American soldiers who served in France during World War II. The research objective was to identify the information that the guidebooks represented as necessary for an average US military person to make their stay in the country more comfortable, e.g., culture, entertainment, recreation, etc. The guidebooks told their American readers about the history of France and its current state, as well as about the relationship between the French, Americans, and Germans during the world wars. The guides aimed at facilitating the adaptation of American military personnel to French environment. Initially, the guidebooks attempted to introduce American soldiers to the basic knowledge about France, but gradually they started to publish advice on practical issues that Americans faced in France. The guidebooks were written by prominent representatives of American culture who worked for the armed forces during World War II. All in all, these guidebooks enhanced American interest in French culture.
USSR vs. US Expert Approaches to Situation in Afghanistan in 1979–1985: CPSU Politburo Minutes vs. CIA Reports
Authors: Mironov V. V.
Published: July 2024

The article features the role of expert approaches in decision-making concerning the military intervention in Afghanistan by the USSR and the USA. The author identified the subjects, methods, and functions of political expertise in the war in Afghanistan based on minutes of Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and analytical reports declassified by the Central Intelligence Agency. The Soviet authorities employed experts from those departmental structures that were inherent in the original political decision-making system. This short-term expert support was to provide a system of measures for the implementation of the state policy, i.e., the expert structures were subordinate to the government. The US authorities, on the contrary, relied on the sociological factors in their analysis of the unfolding scenario. This approach allowed them to identify which forces and entities to support at the initial stage. By establishing contacts with the religious opposition, they eventually developed weapon traffic routes. In the USSR, the faulty expert approach aggravated the inconsistency of the Soviet policy while US expert reports contributed to the outbreak of war in Afghanistan.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Menstrual Hygiene Practice Amongst Women
Authors: Pravesh Dwivedi, Ritesh Dwivedi,
Published: July 2024

Poor Menstrual hygiene destructively affects the lives of women and girls who are in their reproductive age. The Myth still lies undermenstruation and is being practiced in most of the rural areas. Even now girls feel too shy to share about their menarche with their familymembers because of this they have to suffer from various health-related issues. Lack of awareness and resources is still a major problemfor girls in various parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the practices of menstrual hygiene amongst women aged12-40 years in the rural region of District Lucknow. A cross-sectional study was designed and consecutive samplings were applied torecruit 82 participants from rural areas of Lucknow. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and Microsoft Excel was used for itsanalysis.The study demonstrates that 30.67% of respondents were not getting their periods at regular intervals of time. 32.73% of the respondentscomplained of abdominal pain, and 23.03% of them complained of body aches during their menstruation. Also, 15.15% complained ofweakness and 13.94% of cramps respectively. The majority 81.71% of the respondents were not aware of the problems earlier duringmenstruation. The study also revealed that the majority 49.54% of the respondents prefer to use cloth during their periods and 48.62%prefer to use pads over other things. This study reveals the majority of respondents were not aware of the intimate hygiene practice and themajority had no knowledge about the problems before their menstruation. Preferences of material between cloth and pad during theirmenstruation were almost similar.
Review of Research on the Effects of Spirituality on Well-Being and Resilience
Authors: Devender Sharma  , Ajay Sharma  , Mansi Garg  , Mandvi Garg  , Hemant Kapoor  , Jyoti Sondhi
Published: July 2024

Long recognized as a crucial component of the human experience, spirituality influences people's ideas, attitudes, and behaviours. Thisresearch paper attempts to present a detailed analysis of how spirituality might improve resilience and well-being in a hosts of cultural andreligious situations. It looks at the many facets of spirituality and how it could affect one's mental, emotional, and physical health. Theresearch also examines how spirituality fosters resilience, supporting the capacity to overcome challenges and uphold a sense of meaningand purpose in life. This paper gives a holistic viewpoint on the relationship shared by spirituality and well-being, illuminating itsimplications for individual and societal development by drawing on a host of theoretical frameworks and empirical investigations.
Empowering Women through Social Entrepreneurship: Case Studies from India
Authors: Navendu Nidhan ,  , Basant Kumar Singh  , Ritika Maurya  , Anupam Verma
Published: July 2024

This present research paper has the aim of exploring the role of social entrepreneurship in empowering women in India. Reviewing aseries of case studies, the paper analyses successful initiatives led by women social entrepreneurs that have helped bring about significantsocio-economic changes in their communities. The study delves into the issues and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in India, theinnovative solutions they have implemented, and the impact of their ventures on gender equality, economic development, and communityempowerment.
Epidemiological profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated at a teaching-assistance unit in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Santos Sales Alexia Morgana , Gonçalves Ferreira Júlia , Fernandes Vanderlei Vasco Raquel , Vasco de Albuquerque Albuquerque Edoarda
Published: July 2024

Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a teaching unit. Method: In this observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study, data from the medical records of consultations conducted between February 2020 and May 2022 at an endocrinology outpatient clinic in a teaching unit in Northeast Brazil were evaluated. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, with percentage values, medians, and interquartile ranges (IQRs) reported. Result: Data were collected from the medical records of 118 patients, and the medical records of 95 patients were used for statistical analysis after the exclusion of records with insufficient data. Seventy patients (73.6%) were female, with a median age of 57 years (IQR 51.5-65), a median body mass index (BMI) of 28.9 kg/m2 (IQR 25.7-33.1) and a median age at diagnosis of 47.5 years (IQR 38-55). The median glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose levels during follow-up were 7.6% (IQR 6.6-9.7) and 132.8 mg/dL (IQR 113.5-201.7), respectively, and only 36.8% (n=35) of patients were within their HbA1C therapeutic target range. Approximately 73.6% (n=70) of the patients used statins, but only 18 (18.9%) had LDL-c within their therapeutic target range. Twenty-seven patients (28.4%) had kidney dysfunction, either albuminuria or a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reduction, and 6 of them (22.2%) did not use any nephroprotective medication. Fewer than half of the patients underwent fundoscopy, and 32.5% of them showed some degree of retinopathy. Neuropathy was present in 33 patients (34.7%), with 3 patients (3.16%) presenting with amputations.
Reducing Alcohol Misuse and Promoting Treatment Initiation Among Veterans Through a Brief Internet-Based Intervention: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pedersen Eric R , Davis Jordan P , Hummer Justin F , Bouskill Kathryn , Buch Keegan D , Shute Ireland M , Fitzke Reagan E , Tran Denise D , Neighbors Clayton , Saba Shaddy
Published: July 2024

Background

Young adult veterans who served after the September 11 attacks on the United States in 2001 (ie, post-9/11) are at heightened risk for experiencing behavioral health distress and disorders including hazardous drinking, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression. These veterans often face significant barriers to behavioral health treatment, and reaching them through brief mobile phone–based interventions may help reduce drinking and promote treatment engagement.

Objective

Following a successful pilot study, this randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to further test the efficacy of a brief (ie, single session) mobile phone–delivered personalized normative feedback intervention enhanced with content to promote treatment engagement.

Methods

We will conduct an RCT with 800 post-9/11 young adult veterans (aged 18 to 40 years) with potentially hazardous drinking and who have not recently received treatment for any behavioral health problems. Participants will be randomly assigned to the personalized intervention or a control condition with resources for seeking care. The personalized normative feedback module in the intervention focuses on the correction of misperceived norms of peer alcohol use and uses empirically informed approaches to increase motivation to address alcohol use and co-occurring behavioral health problems. Past 30-day drinking, alcohol-related consequences, and treatment-seeking behaviors will be assessed at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post intervention. Sex, barriers to care, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and severity of alcohol use disorder symptoms will be explored as potential moderators of outcomes.

Results

We expect recruitment to be completed within 6 months, with data collection taking 12 months for each enrolled participant. Analyses will begin within 3 months of the final data collection point (ie, 12 months follow-up).

Conclusions

This RCT will evaluate the efficacy of a novel intervention for non–treatment-seeking veterans who struggle with hazardous drinking and possible co-occurring behavioral health problems. This intervention has the potential to improve veteran health outcomes and overcome significant barriers to treatment.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04244461; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04244461

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/59993
A Free Hospital-Helipad-Air Rescue Station-Web Map Service (WMS) In (Cross-border) Airborne Rescue In Germany For Civil(-military) Emergency Services, Drones And First Responders (Preprint)
Authors: Azzouni Martin
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Air ambulance in cooperation with ground-based emergency services is the fastest and sometimes only way to save a patient´s life. Therefore, a free digital service for this cooperation is necessary but hasn´t been implemented in Germany and Europe until now.

OBJECTIVE

Making air ambulance data available to all emergency service units, independent from device or software, transport vessel, drone system and kind of first responder for holistic (inter-)national rescue cooperations in Germany and Europe at no charge for either civil or civil-military cases.

METHODS

TRIZ (TIPS), Design Structure Matrix (DSM) with linear optimisation, WMS development and design

RESULTS

Web map services (WMS) online at no charge

CONCLUSIONS

Extending this approach to neighbouring countries in Europe in the sense of the Single European Sky (SES) Performance Framework with Functional Airspace Blocks

CLINICALTRIAL
Proses Transisi Normal Baru Arab Saudi Saat Pandemi Covid-19 dalam Puisi Aḥtāju Li al-‘Ādiyyi Karya Ḥātim Az-Zahrānī: Kajian Semiotik Riffaterre
Authors: Adzani Aisya Dianmar
Published: July 2024

Kemunculan virus mematikan pada akhir 2019 silam diketahui bermula dari Kota Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, Tiongkok. Penyebaran wabah penyakit yang menyebar hingga ke berbagai belahan dunia tersebut telah berhasil memberikan dampak perubahan signifikan pada seluruh negara di dunia, salah satunya kawasan Timur Tengah, tepatnya di Arab Saudi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap fenomena pandemi COVID-19 pada masa transisi kehidupan new normal di Arab Saudi melalui analisis semiotik terhadap Puisi Aḥtāju Li al-‘Ādiyyi karya Ḥātim Az-Zahrānī. Proses analisis puisi tersebut menggunakan kerangka teori dari perspektif Michael Riffaterre untuk memahami signifikansi kompleks dalam teks puisi secara kontekstual dan faktual. Proses penyajian uraian analisis puisi melalui empat tahap, mulai dari pemaknaan heuristik dan dilanjutkan dengan pemaknaan hermeneutik, uraian model, varian, dan matrik, hingga penentuan inti makna karya sastra atau hipogram. Ditempatkan dalam konteks transisi gaya hidup Arab Saudi menuju kondisi normal baru selama wabah pandemi, puisi ini mengeksplorasi penciptaan makna baru dari kata ‘normal’ yang digambarkan secara meluas, baik dalam bentuk perubahan gaya hidup dan upaya renegoisasi eksistensial dari sosok ‘Aku’ saat menghadapi realitas dunia di bawah bayang virus mematikan. Puisi tersebut berhasil mengungkap bagaimana situasi transisional kehidupan di Arab Saudi saat Pandemi COVID-19 yang didukung dengan kebijakan penanganan otoritas berhasil mendorong sosok ‘Aku’ untuk melakukan adaptasi kebiasaan yang baru.