bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating An “Invitational Classroom” In The Online Educational Milieu
Authors: Perry Beth , Edwards Margaret
Published: February 2016

Parker Palmer, a scholar who studied effective face-to-face teaching, introduced the term the “invitational classroom” (1993, p. 71). In particular Palmer emphasized that “an air of hospitality” facilitated an inviting educational environment (p. 71). Hospitality in Palmer’s words means “receiving each other, our struggles, our newborn ideas, with openness and care” (p. 74). Palmer concludes that both teachers and learners experience positive consequence when the class environment is invitational. This paper explores a category of innovative teaching strategies, called artistic pedagogical technologies (APTs) that facilitate the experience of an invitational classroom in online courses (Perry & Edwards, 2010). APTs are teaching strategies founded in the arts. APTs described in this paper include photovoice, parallel poetry, and conceptual quilting. A study of the effect of these APTs on graduate students and instructors from a Canadian online university is described. The data collection and data analysis processes used in the study are detailed. Both students and instructors found the online classroom environment changed in a positive way in part because of APTs. Research participants reported that APTs initiated, sustained, and enhanced interactions among students and between students and the instructors (Perry & Edwards, 2010). These findings are analyzed using Palmer’s concepts of hospitality and the invitational classroom and Wenger’s Social Theory of Learning (1990). Practical ideas for educators regarding the use of APTS in teaching and course design are reviewed.
Alcohol Consumption And Policy Perception Among College Freshman Athletes
Authors: Williams Jr Ronald D.
Published: February 2016

College athletes consume more alcohol and experience more alcohol-related consequences than non-athlete populations. Freshman athletes are at an even higher risk for alcohol-related problems as they learn to deal with the demands of college athletics. Researchers have suggested that the development of appropriate alcohol policy may be a useful strategy to reduce alcohol problems among athletes; however, study results are inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of team, athletic department, and university policy on college athletes’ alcohol consumption. A survey of 263 college freshman athletes from two NCAA universities measured alcohol consumption and perception of alcohol policies at the university, athletic department, and team levels. Results indicated that athletes who abstain from alcohol were more likely to believe in strong enforcement and the desire for greater policy restrictions at the university, athletic department, and team levels. Results also revealed differences in alcohol consumption patterns between team vs. individual sports. These findings suggest a need to develop extensive, strictly enforced alcohol policies to influence alcohol behavior of college freshman athletes.
Obesity Acceptance: Recipe For A Pandemic
Authors: DeBoy James L. , Monsilovich Sally B.
Published: February 2016

Despite the well-publicized media coverage of the escalating rates of obesity and its co-morbidities, the American public seems largely unconcerned. While the reasons for societal inaction to this health dilemma are complex and interdependent, one factor seems particularly salient: obesity acceptance. This article will examine how and why this notion has devolved from acceptance of the person with obesity to acceptance (and in some cases outright celebration) of the condition obesity. Until such melding is separated, real progress in advancing public health in this arena will continue to founder.
The Impact Of Job-Related Stressors On Incidents Of Excessive Force By Police Officers
Authors: Neely Phillip , Cleveland Craig S.
Published: February 2016

The present study addresses the relationship between job-related stressors and incidents of police misconduct, a concept that has largely been neglected in policing literature. Manzoni and Eisner’s conceptualization of stress-strain theory provided the foundation for the research. Specifically, this study examines individual differences in the perception of how job-related stressors such as departmental leadership, departmental policies and regulations, and departmental climate are related to incidents of police misconduct expressed through the exercise of excessive force. This quantitative survey design employed the Police Survey of Job Related Stress (PSJRS) among a convenience sample of 94 active police officers (49 African American and 45 European) from a southern U.S. state. T-tests and the Mann-Whitney test were used to document statistically significant differences between white and African American officers across the perceived connection linking the core PSJRS dimensions of job-related stressors to excessive force misconduct. The results promote positive social change by reinforcing social bonds between police and communities and creating safer places to live.
The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act Of 2010: Constitutional?
Authors: Carrigan Martin D.
Published: February 2016

After decades of debates and policy discussions, in early 2010, the Obama Administration, with the Democrat party controlling both the House and the Senate, passed a National Health Insurance Act. The Patient Protection and Affordability Act was immediately challenged in court. One district court in Florida declared it unconstitutional. Two other district courts and an appellate court declared it constitutional. This paper looks at the Act and those issues.
Patellar Tendinopathy: Knee Pain Relate To Jumper’s Knee
Authors: McDaniel Larry W. , Winkle Allie , Gaudet Laura , Jackson Allen
Published: February 2016

here are common symptoms that are associated with “Jumper’s Knee”, such as pain, aching, and swelling on the lower side of the Patella on the anterior surface of the knee. Addition symptoms may include weakness and cramping of the knee joint. There are common remedies to treat "Jumper’s Knee”, such as rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Anti-inflammatory medicine, such as Aleve, Advil, or Motrin, may be appropriate in the early stages of injury. If the symptoms are left untreated, the final result may be knee surgery. A patient returning to play after diagnoses and treatment for “Jumpers Knee” should apply heat to the knee for 10 or 15 minutes before starting physical activity. Following physical activity, apply ice for 10 to 15 minutes (Donohue, 2008). Conservative treatments assist the healing process and keep Patellar Tendinopathy at bay for more than 90% of cases (Vulpiani, 2007). Along with becoming knowledgeable regarding remedies to relieve symptoms of minor “Jumper’s Knee”, it is important to know the stages of Patellar Tendinopathy. Knowledge of the warning signs and stages may assist in the avoidance of advancing the condition of Patellar Tendinopathy. Knowing the cause of Patellar Tendinopathy, the five stages, warning signs, and risk factors may assist in the process of diagnosing the injury for faster and more effective treatment. Being able to utilize the correct treatment for a particular stage of “Jumpers Knee” reduces downtime and assists the athletic trainers and doctors in the process of prescribing levels of physical activity.
Identifying The Health Needs In Rural Appalachian Ohio: Outcomes Of A Rural Community-Academic Partnership
Authors: Vance Ronald A. , Basta Tania B. , Bute Jennifer J. , Denham Sharon A.
Published: February 2016

To identify health issues in two rural counties, a needs assessment was developed by health officials and researchers. Focus groups (n = 32) and interviews (n = 8) were conducted among community leaders and a modified BRFFS survey was completed by 399 community members. Results indicated the health of the participants was influenced by: 1) rural Appalachian culture, 2) geography and access to health care, and 3) lack of access/knowledge about preventive health behaviors. These issues likely contributed to 30% obesity prevalence among the sample, which was prioritized as the main health issue for both counties.
Improving College Students' Success In Gateway Science Courses: Lessons Learned From An Anatomy And Physiology Workshop
Authors: Abdullahi Abass , Gannon Maureen
Published: February 2016

In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a two-week pre-anatomy and physiology workshop intended to contribute to student success in anatomy and physiology. The study showed that workshop participants had significantly higher post-test scores, better study habits, and generally felt more confident or prepared for anatomy and physiology. The workshop participants also reported that they understood membrane transport the least and organization of the body the most, information that may be useful in anatomy and physiology curriculum development. Preliminary studies also show that students that participated in the workshop performed significantly better than the general student body, with lower attrition rates in anatomy and physiology.
Continuous Improvement Using Balanced Scorecard In Healthcare
Authors: Gordon Jean , Richardson Eric
Published: February 2016

The success of any organization depends on its ability to maintain profits while the landscape of its operations changes. Organizations must be able to use available resources to identify changes in their daily operations and have the ability to address them in a timely manner. Operational dashboards provide a tool for managers to easily monitor employee performance and to coach their staff in order to achieve improvements. These stoplight type metric displays provide visual representations in near real-time. Consequently, the use of dashboards is particularly crucial to healthcare because it prompts management to respond to the changing needs of HCO departments, which ultimately affect its quality of care and impact its overall performance measurements. To meet these challenges, it is recommended that the administration of a large acute care HCO develop a dashboard in order for it to monitor the results and evaluate the progress of its busy nursing department which is responsible for handling Inpatient and Outpatient service care.
Enhancing The Quality Of Health Information Online: Recommendations For Health Education Professionals
Authors: Werts Niya , Hutton-Rogers Laurencia , Agley Daniel , McSweeney-Feld Mary Helen
Published: February 2016

Health information is plentiful and easy to access online. However, the quality, accuracy, and safety of the information have rightly been called in to question. Never the less, the number of health consumers seeking health information online continues to grow. The web presents health education professionals with unique opportunities to enhance the quality of health information online and leverage new web-based media to expand health education outreach methods. Practical suggestions for health professionals to initiate greater web visibility with the goal of increasing the quality of health information online are offered.
Electronic Health Records (EHR)
Authors: Seymour Tom , Frantsvog Dean , Graeber Tod
Published: February 2016

Electronic Health Records are electronic versions of patients’ healthcare records. An electronic health record gathers, creates, and stores the health record electronically. The electronic health record has been slow to be adopted by healthcare providers. The federal government has recently passed legislation requiring the use of electronic records or face monetary penalties. The electronic health record will improve clinical documentation, quality, healthcare utilization tracking, billing and coding, and make health records portable. The core components of an electronic health record include administrative functions, computerized physician order entry, lab systems, radiology systems, pharmacy systems, and clinical documentation. HL7 is the standard communication protocol technology that an electronic health record utilizes. Implementation of software, hardware, and IT networks are important for a successful electronic health record project. The benefits of an electronic health record include a gain in healthcare efficiencies, large gains in quality and safety, and lower healthcare costs for consumers. Electronic health record challenges include costly software packages, system security, patient confidentiality, and unknown future government regulations. Future technologies for electronic health records include bar coding, radio-frequency identification, and speech recognition.
Evolution Of A Consumer Segment: Patient 2.0 Using Web 2.0 Tools In Healthcare
Authors: Erdem S. Altan
Published: February 2016

As Internet gets more interactive in its applications, the Internet users have been adapting to this change. While initial users of the Internet have been content with a passive approach of simply surfing the static websites, the current users are more interested in interacting with the website providers in such ways that those websites end up by being completely dynamic. As we move from a general population of Internet users to a smaller group of patients who are online health information seekers, we see a similar transition. Patients who had been using the Internet to access medical information in the past were mostly concerned with being able to find creditable websites to use to learn about their symptoms, cures, medications, etc. Patients who are currently online are concerned with finding websites not only credible to use to learn about their conditions but also interactive enough for them to share their stories with others. By interacting with others, they get more involved, learn, help others to learn, and eventually become a crucial part of the entire process. This paper reviews the term “Patient 2.0” that points to the type of patient who is more empowered, active, IT literate, and informed.
College Students’ Sense Of Cycling Capability Deters Helmet Use: Implications For Safety Helmet Ordinances
Authors: Cossman Ronald E. , Williams Jr Ronald D. , Hunt Barry P. , Fratesi Catherine Ali , Slinkard Sarah Beth , Day Timothy F.
Published: February 2016

Proponents frequently cite increased injury protection as a reason for supporting bicycle helmet ordinances; yet, many cyclists oppose such policies. In this study, six focus groups of college students discussed cycling behaviors and attitudes toward using bicycle safety helmets, and perceptions of the local helmet ordinance. The usual concerns were voiced such as “inconvenience” and “helmet hair”. Participants reported very high confidence in their cycling ability and their ability to avoid a crash which might require a helmet. They failed to take into account external factors or the actions of others which may increase risk for injury. They also did not understand how health insurance spreads the financial risk for traumatic events. These findings have implications for designing education campaigns to promote college student health, as well as initiatives for helmet ordinance advocacy.
Promoting Healthcare Safety And Quality By Assessing Anticoagulation Education Process
Authors: Jenzarli Ali , Duong Minh-Tri , Thai Christy M.
Published: February 2016

We conducted a baseline study of warfarin patient education process by (1) assessing a healthcare facility’s current compliance with the education requirements for anticoagulation therapy, (2) assessing how effectively warfarin education was being provided in terms of patient’s knowledge and (3) identifying areas where process improvements were warranted. The facility is an acute care teaching hospital and a Level I Trauma Center with a pharmacist-managed outpatient anticoagulation clinic. We collected data from patients concerning (1) six warfarin knowledge domains (drug-nutrition interactions, drug-drug interactions, monitoring, drug information, dosing and adverse effects), (2) whether or not patients received warfarin education upon discharge and which healthcare professional provided this education (physician, pharmacist, nurse), (3) duration of warfarin therapy, (4) self-rated knowledge of warfarin, and (5) various demographics. Study results indicated the need to implement improvements to the education process to ensure that warfarin education is consistently and routinely provided to all patients prior to being discharged on warfarin with particular attention given to patients sixty years of age and older. Education provided should focus on drug-nutrition and drug-drug interactions, which were found to be areas of highest knowledge deficit. Improvements to the process of providing warfarin education at our hospital may additionally include implementation of a protocol to identify patients requiring education, and a standardized educational program with a pharmacist- managed warfarin discharge counseling service.
An Exploratory Study Of Antismoking Warning Labels And The Millennial Consumer
Authors: Loubeau Patricia R. , Martins Chrissy M.
Published: February 2016

There has been debate over the inclusion of graphic antismoking warning labels on cigarette products. Despite prior research suggesting that graphic labels are effective in curtailing smoking among adult consumers, little insight exists about their effectiveness on younger consumers. In this research, we examine how different types of graphic warning labels can affect younger, “millennial” consumers. Our study explores 42 different warning labels (i.e., text-only, or based on disease, death, sexual dysfunction, or social consequences) on millennial consumers’ attitudes about smoking. Results suggest that relatively more graphic labels demonstrating the health consequences of smoking were among the most effective in affecting these consumers’ attitudes. These findings have implications for tobacco product packaging to promote the prevention and cessation of smoking by millennial consumers.
Recommendations For Prevention Of Medical Errors Through An Empirical Investigation Of The Error Reporting Systems Within Acute Care Hospitals In Pennsylvania
Authors: Law Monica L.
Published: February 2016

The researcher investigated the procedures taken by healthcare administrators within twenty-two Pennsylvania acute care hospitals with respect to the prevention of medical errors. Structured interview questions provided relevant data in relation to how healthcare administrators could structure the workplace environment in hopes to prevent the number of medical errors that occur in acute care hospitals in Pennsylvania. Recommendations for prevention include conducting needs assessments the areas of cultural assessment, error reporting system assessment, workplace environment assessment, corrective action procedures assessment, and policies and procedures assessment. Recommendations and implications for conducting the needs assessments are provided in this paper in an effort to bring attention to actions that may be taken by hospital administrators in hopes of reducing the number of medical errors that occur within acute care hospitals in Pennsylvania.
Improving The Effectiveness Of Human Resources Practices Through Transforming Care At The Bedside
Authors: Lavoie-Tremblay Melanie , O’Conner Patricia , Streppa Joanna , Biron Alain , Ritchie Judith , Cyr Guylaine
Published: February 2016

In 2010, in an effort to increase patient involvement in decision-making about health care redesign, a Quebec university health care organization implemented the Transforming Care at the Bedside (TCAB). This article presents the results from a qualitative study exploring health professionals’ perceptions of TCAB and the effect on turnover and overtime. This descriptive, qualitative study utilized focus groups, individual interviews, and a review of administrative documents for data collection. Participants included hospital workers from five units implementing TCAB. The data generated by the interviews and focus groups were analyzed using NVivo with the method proposed by Miles and Huberman (1994). During the first year of implementation of TCAB, the team noted the importance of taking time to see the effects of the changes and thereby facilitate the involvement of other team members. A number of TCAB team members also cited communication as a facilitating element for informing team members of changes. According to the participants, the TCAB strategies that were implemented have had a positive impact on practice and on the work environment, and turnover showed an improvement. There was no change in absenteeism. TCAB has the potential to impact not only nurses’ work, but interprofessional team work as well, through changes that involve everyone. Future research should focus on how to support team members to reduce resistance to change and increase social support in order to implement and sustain changes.
Integrated Ethics Programs In The Healthcare Industry
Authors: Candy Val
Published: February 2016

The healthcare industry of the United States is undergoing extensive change to meet the needs of the Affordable Care Act of 2010. Organizations need to comply with a new macro-regulatory environment and establish institutionally based strategies that meet mandated standards and processes. The Act represents a shift from employer-sponsored insurance plans to a system where, depending upon subjective evaluations of what is on offer, consumers can shop around and purchase insurance plans listed in a federal or state marketplace. This means that healthcare providers are under intense political and public scrutiny. The new competitive environment may accelerate the shift from care-focused to efficiency-focused management initiatives within the healthcare industry and is viewed by some as an opportunity for contextual ambidexterity and conflict to emerge. In addition to establishing compliance programs to manage employees’ ethical conduct in an effort to meet the narrow and deterministic demands of governmental pressure, organizations may also introduce ethical programs that reflect organizational commitment, individual integrity, and the willingness to admit mistakes and be creative in problem-solving exercises.
Factors Affecting Smoking And Predictors Of Academic Achievement Among Primary School Children In Jordan
Authors: Kawafha Mariam M.
Published: February 2016

The aim of this research is to assess the relationship among the smoking status of primary school children with demographics and the smoking characteristics of their parents. In addition, to identify any factor(s) considered strong predictor(s) of academic achievement. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used in this study. A cluster random sample of 453 primary school children was obtained from both genders. Smoking was measured by the self-reported smoking behavior questionnaire and the educational achievement was measured by “Jordan Certificate of Primary Education.” The results indicate that there is a significant correlation between smoking status rpb ((451) = -.44, p < .001), age of smoking initiation r ((451) = -.30, p < .001), daily cigarettes r ((451) = -.12, p < .01), and smoked 100 cigarettes in lifetime rpb ((451) = -.28, p < .01) with academic achievement. In multiple hierarchical regression analysis, Model 1 explained 12% of variance with academic achievement. By adding the smoking characteristics Model 2 explained 28% of the variance with academic achievement. The conclusion is that there is a correlation between smoking and academic achievement.
Telemedicine
Authors: Cannon Nicholas J. , Jurski Kimberly , Ulferts Gregory W.
Published: February 2016

Telemedicine has been advocated as a solution to overcome barriers to access health services faced by rural patients. The almost 60 million Americans living in rural areas are significantly underserved by the nation’s physicians and rural communities have traditionally experienced a shortage of physicians. Compounding this problem of physician shortage is the fact that services must be provided to patients over a wide geographic area. Telemedicine programs are being used to address health services shortages in rural areas by applying telecommunications technology to deliver health services similar to those which would be provided in face-to-face consultations between patients and health care professionals. Adoption of telemedicine as an option for delivery of services has been slow and is largely limited to specialty services. Where adopted, telemedicine has been received positively by both patients and physicians. Telemedicine can improve access to care for rural patients by increasing the number of patients who can access care and by providing services usually unavailable to rural patients. Despite evidence of the effectiveness of telemedicine programs, wider adoption of a telemedicine alternative suffers from a lack of reliable financial data for implementation, ongoing management, and for comparison to traditional delivery systems. Telemedicine is poised to become an important method of rural health care delivery, but as the trend toward the application of technology to the delivery of health services gains greater momentum, health managers require serious quantitative evidence on which to base resource allocation and management decisions.
Establishing Partnerships To Provide Health Education In Appalachian Schools: An Approach To Service Learning
Authors: Kauffman-Craig Lisa , McManus Charlotte , Parker Vicky K.
Published: February 2016

Service learning is a form of collaboration between an educational facility and a community agency. The concept of service learning is an innovative teaching method designed to benefit both collaborating partners through respect of each other’s knowledge, expertise and skills. Needs and goals of both partners are met through many different types of service learning projects. Examples of such projects in which the OUC nursing program has participated include health fairs in the middle and high school populations, health education in elementary classrooms, health fairs in local industry, and working with the elderly in the community. The Ohio University-Chillicothe Nursing Program, located in a section of Ohio know as Appalachia, believes in the concept of service learning to promote health and well-being in the community. Health care in the Appalachian area, particularly health promotion and disease prevention, is a challenge to health care providers as residents in this area have a fatalistic view of health - “what will be, will be”. Service learning projects are an excellent way to provide health promotion education to those who may not seek this out on their own. The collaborations formed between agencies and the nursing program benefit both partners. The nursing students are exposed to the health care beliefs and need of Appalachia on a first-hand basis through an innovative approach in clinical education. Community agencies benefit by being able to expand the amount of health education they can offer which increases their manpower with use of the students.
Extending The Technology Acceptance Model: Policy Acceptance Model (PAM)
Authors: Pierce Tamra P. , Willy Christopher , Roncace Robert , Bischoff John
Published: February 2016

Many have studied the process of acceptance and adoption of new ideas and technologies as they are introduced into society. While several models have been used to assess various influencing factors, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is one that is most widely accepted. This model examines people’s acceptance of new technologies based on variables that directly correlate to how the end user views the product. This paper introduces the Policy Acceptance Model (PAM), an expansion of TAM, which is designed for the analysis and evaluation of acceptance of new policy implementation. PAM includes the traditional constructs of TAM and adds the variables of age and ethnicity. The model is experimentally assessed using a survey of people’s attitudes toward the upcoming health care reform from 72 survey respondents. The aim is that the theory behind this model can be used as a framework that will be applicable to studies looking at the introduction of any new or modified policies.
The Next Frontier: Corporate America Improving Employee Productivity By Implementing Programs To Reduce Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Meyers Marty
Published: February 2016

This is a two-part paper that discusses sleep deprivation. The first part documents the extent of the problem with a focus on the impact of employee productivity and the second part discusses the few companies that have implemented programs to improve sleeping patterns of their employees and the wide variety of options that are available to corporate America.
Pharmacy Students’ Attitudes Towards Learning Communication Skills: The Case Of The United Arab Emirates
Authors: El-Sakran Tharwat M. , El-Sakran Sawsan T. M.
Published: February 2016

Effective communication amongst pharmacists, especially clinical pharmacists, physicians, nurses, patients, patients’ families and relatives and health care personnel is essential. Poor communication does not only lead to frustration and lack of respect among professions but also may compromise patient care if important information is misunderstood, ineffectively conveyed, or left out. This research explores clinical pharmacy students’ and clinical pharmacy graduates’ attitudes towards the relevance and importance of learning communication skills in their pharmacy careers in the United Arab Emirates. For the purposes of this study, Rees, Sheard, and Davies’ (2002) Communication Skills Attitudes Scale (CSAS) is used to measure pharmacy students’ and pharmacy graduates’ attitudes towards communication skills learning. Although this measure was originally designed to measure medical students’ attitudes towards communication skills learning in a European country, the results obtained from our study are not dissimilar to those reported by Rees et al. (2002) in their study. The paper concludes with some practical suggestions for pharmacy experts in charge of pharmacy communication courses.
The Status Of Rural Women’s Health And Cassava Output In Nigeria
Authors: Angba Cynthia W. , Angba Augustine O.
Published: February 2016

This study was carried out to analyze the influence of the health status of women farmers on their level of cassava production. The specific objectives are to; identify the socio-economic characteristics of the rural women in the area, ascertain common health problems they encounter and their health management techniques and the influence of the rural women’s health status on level of cassava production in the area. A multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select 200 women farmers in Ikom Local Government Area in Nigeria. Data was collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that, majority of the women were in the age range of 40-50 years, 71% were married, 78% traded alongside farming, 66.5% had some form of formal education, their family sizes range between 6-10 people and with a mean family size of 6. Annual income of the farmers range between #10,000 - #14,000. The predominant practice was mixed cropping. Body pains, fever, malaria, headache, were the common ailment. While painful menstruation (20.5%) was the most common reproductive disease. Results from the regression analysis shows that the household size, educational level and income are significantly related to the health status of the rural women while age and marital status are not significantly related. Health centers, patent medicine stores, family planning, leprosy centers were readily available in the villages surveyed clinic. As health status of the women improved, productivity was therefore expected to increase. On this basis, the policy of free health facilities for women was advocated if women cassava productivity is to increase. A policy of free medical facilities including good food to the rural women will boost their health status and productivity.
A Brief History Of Publishing Papers On Astronomy Education Research
Authors: Fraknoi Andrew
Published: February 2016

While some research had been done on K-12 and planetarium astronomy teaching from the 1930's to the 1980's, the growth of research on college physics education offered astronomy education researchers a model for examining techniques for teaching introductory college astronomy survey "Astronomy 101" courses as well. This early research was published in widely scattered journals and rarely reached the practitioners of astronomy education. The need to inform and unite the community of astronomy educators led to the birth of the journal "Astronomy Education Review," whose history and sudden death is analyzed. This paper provides a short history of publishing astronomy education research results and provides context for the advent of the new Journal of Astronomy & Earth Sciences Education (JAESE).
Using A Digital Planetarium For Teaching Seasons To Undergraduates
Authors: Yu Ka Chun , Sahami Kamran , Sahami Victoria , Sessions Larry C.
Published: February 2016

Computer-generated simulations and visualizations in digital planetariums have the potential to bridge the comprehension gap in astronomy education. Concepts involving three-dimensional spatial relationships can be difficult for the layperson to understand, since much of the traditional teaching materials used in astronomy education remain two-dimensional in nature. We study the student performance after viewing visualizations in an immersive theater and in non-immersive classrooms for the topic of seasons in an introductory undergraduate astronomy course. Using weekly multiple-choice quizzes to gauge student learning, comparison of curriculum tests taken immediately after instruction and pre-instruction quizzes show a significant difference in the results of students who viewed visualizations in the planetarium versus their counterparts who viewed non-immersive content in their classrooms, and those in the control group that saw no visualizations whatsoever. These results suggest that the immersive visuals help by freeing up cognitive resources that can be devoted to learning, while visualizations shown in the classroom may be an intrinsically inferior experience for students.
METHODOLOGICAL AND MOTIVATIONAL BASIS OF HISTORY TEXTBOOKS FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THE KINGDOM OF YUGOSLAVIA (1918-1941)
Authors: KOLJANIN DRAGICA
Published: February 2016

This paper analyzes the textbooks and curricula of history classes for primary schools in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and in Serbia. The results indicate that their methodological and motivational basis relies on the functionalization of history in accordance with the political and ideological objectives of the Yugoslav state, primarily nationally-integrative and patriotic. The paper is based on archival research, published historical sources, periodicals and historiographical literature.
RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PETROVSKY ERA
Authors: ĐURIĆ ĐORĐE
Published: February 2016

This paper deals with the development of Russian historiography during the reign of Peter the Great. During the reign of this reformer ruler historiography was modernized in line with other general reforms. There was a significant increase in the number of documents that were created as a result of the establishment of new departments and sections in the state administration. These documents would become historical sources for writing contemporary history, which, among other things, had the task of glorifying the actions of rulers. Historiography was also modernized in terms of methodology because Western models of that time became generally accepted.
THE PROBLEM OF “ALBANIAN NATIONALISM” DURING THE REIGN OF KOCA MEHMED RAGIB PASHA (1757-1763) IN THE LIGHT OF THE VENETIAN REPORT
Authors: KOCIĆ MARIJA
Published: February 2016

This paper examines the position and actions of the Albanian population in certain sanjaks on the basis of published material of Venetian provenance. From the perspective of his position in Constantinople, Francesco Foscari, the Venetian ambassador (1757-1762) in the Ottoman Empire, followed with great interest the developments in connection with the actions of Albanians for several years, especially because their actions threatened to disrupt the Ottoman-Venetian relations. His correspondence is one of the major neo-Ottoman sources regarding the interests of Albanians and their relationship with the Ottoman authorities. This contemporary watched the events from the perspective of a man whose education, beliefs and manners did not belong to the Islamic (Ottoman) cultural sphere, which added credibility to his reports. The reports of Francesco Foscari are kept at the State Archive in Venice (Archivio di Stato di Venezia) and were published in 2007 due to the efforts of the publishing house La Malcontenta and editor Filippo Maria Paladini.
Pensando as Respostas Estatais às Condutas Criminalizadas: um estudo empírico dos debates parlamentares sobre a redução da maioridade penal (1993-2010)
Authors: Cappi Riccardo
Published: February 2016

Este artigo pretende oferecer uma descrição e uma leitura teórica dos “modos de pensar” o controle social da criminalidade e a justiça penal. O ponto de partida é a análise tanto das Propostas de Emenda Constitucional para redução da maioridade penal quanto dos debates parlamentares brasileiros sobre o tema, ocorridos na Câmara e no Senado entre 1993 e 2010. Ademais, busca ilustrar a possibilidade de utilização da “teoria fundamentada nos dados” (Grounded Theory, de Glaser e Strauss) no campo da Sociologia do Direito, através de uma pesquisa empírica voltada para o estudo da produção legislativa. Após apresentação do método sugerido, serão expostos os procedimentos e alguns resultados da pesquisa, tais como: a estruturação dos argumentos favoráveis à redução da maioridade penal; a identificação dos pontos cruciais de oposição entre os discursos favoráveis e contrários à mudança constitucional; a elaboração de quatro discursos-tipo, delineando maneiras diferentes de pensar o controle social da delinquência juvenil. Enfim, a partir do conceito de “racionalidade penal moderna” (Pires), mostra-se como, para além das posições políticas sustentadas, um amplo espectro de discursos parlamentares permanece centrado na visão hostil do autor da infração e na ideia de sanção aflitiva, referenciais dominantes em matéria de resposta social às condutas criminalizadas.
Direito e Restos Humanos: uma hipótese para o enfrentamento jurídico-penal da tortura no Brasil
Authors: Fortes Pedro Rubim Borges
Published: February 2016

O trabalho discute o problema da tortura no Brasil a partir de uma perspectiva empírica e de uma abordagem funcionalista, analisando a reduzida efetividade do sistema jurídico penal para filtrar episódios de violência policial. A partir da análise de 43 processos criminais e de entrevistas com 12 profissionais, foi constatado um alto número de alegações de violência policial por parte dos acusados e raríssimas determinações de investigações por parte de defensores, promotores e juízes criminais. A partir de uma análise comparativa, a pesquisa sugere que fatores estruturais do processo penal brasileiro induzem a inércia dos atores jurídicos relevantes. O decurso de tempo entre a prisão do acusado e seu interrogatório em juízo é extremamente elevado, dificultando a possibilidade de produção de provas da tortura. A inexistência de um sistema de recompensas (plea bargaining) e sanções (perjúrio) induz os acusados a não permanecer em silêncio, mas a prestar uma versão dos fatos recebida geralmente como fantasiosa pelos profissionais. Além disso, a inexistência de um mecanismo eficiente de controle da atividade policial leva os atores jurídicos a não terem a iniciativa de investigar as alegações de tortura feitas pelos acusados ao longo do processo criminal. A título de conclusão, é sugerida a realização de pesquisas empíricas mais amplas sobre esta hipótese para o problema da tortura no Brasil, além de reforma legislativa que torne o sistema jurídico penal brasileiro um instrumento mais eficiente de filtragem de episódios de violência policial.
Qual é a contribuição do debate com as ciências sociais para a pesquisa jurídica brasileira? Uma análise a partir da experiência empírica junto aos juizados criminais especiais cariocas
Authors: Almeida Vera Ribeiro de
Published: February 2016

Este artigo sintetiza algumas observações relativas a uma pesquisa mais ampla e na qual foram empregados a literatura e os métodos provenientes das ciências sociais. Estes recursos se transformaram em um instrumental importante para a compreensão dos discursos dos operadores jurídicos e de suas práticas judiciárias, com ênfase no exame do consenso na justiça criminal carioca, pois a partir deles foi possível perceber o direito sob um viés não normativo. Para tanto, comparei os discursos oficiais (legal e doutrinário) com as práticas e discursos dos operadores do direito no que diz respeito à categoria “consenso” (e outras categorias que com ela se articularam). Ao dialogar com os resultados obtidos nesse exercício, pretende-se contribuir para a reflexão sobre os rumos da pesquisa jurídica brasileira e a indispensável interlocução com tais contribuições.
Sobre direito, ciências sociais e os desafios de navegar entre esses dois mundos: uma entrevista com Álvaro Pires
Authors: Pires Álvaro Penna , Fullin Carmen Silvia , Schritzmeyer Ana Lucia Pastore , Xavier José Roberto
Published: February 2016

Conhecido como um dos mais importantes pesquisadores da punição criminal contemporânea, Álvaro Pires teve ao longo das últimas três décadas uma produção acadêmica de suma relevância para aqueles que tentam compreender a racionalidade dos sistemas penais. Titular da Cátedra de Pesquisas do Canadá em Tradições Jurídicas e Racionalidade Penal e professor há mais de 30 anos do Departamento de Criminologia da University of Ottawa, Canadá, seus trabalhos são um exemplo notável de um olhar sociológico sobre o direito que leva a sério a complexidade desse objeto de pesquisa. Nesta entrevista, ele fala de sua trajetória acadêmica entre o direito e as ciências sociais e de como a questão da interdisciplinaridade é mais uma construção do pesquisador do que uma realidade já dada sobre a qual ele se apoia. Trata também de algumas questões epistemológicas importantes, como os limites da observação científica, a impossibilidade da pesquisa em mais de um quadro disciplinar e as dificuldades que a dicotomia realismo/construtivismo coloca para a pesquisa social. Comenta, por fim, as dificuldades teóricas da pesquisa em criminologia, ressaltando os problemas de uma crítica pré-construída.
O judiciário frente aos conflitos fundiários das comunidades quilombolas
Authors: Chasin Ana Carolina
Published: February 2016

O artigo analisa as respostas dadas pelo Judiciário brasileiro às ações judiciais que envolvem conflitos territoriais de comunidades quilombolas. A partir de um mapeamento de ações judiciais relacionadas a essa questão, a análise focaliza o universo de deci- sões proferidos entre 1993 e 2009. Considerando três tipos de decisões que ocorrem ao longo do processo judicial – liminar, sentença e julgamento de apelação – foi quantitativamente verificada a proporção de de- cisões tomadas em prol dos quilombolas e aquelas tomadas a favor de seus adversários. Com base nes- ses dados, verifica-se que as decisões que represen- tam vitórias para os quilombolas são mais numero- sas que aquelas que beneficiam seus adversários.
A reviravolta empírica na doutrina do direito internacional
Authors: Shaffer Gregory , Ginsburg Tom
Published: February 2016

Este artigo faz uma introdução e uma avaliação do novo movimento de pesquisa empírica em direito in- ternacional. As pesquisas mais recentes na área têm mudado o foco do debate teórico sobre a relevância do direito internacional para o estudo sobre as condi- ções em que o direito internacional é criado e produz efeitos. O amadurecimento dessa agenda de pesqui- sa tem favorecido uma teorização nova e intermedi- ária, a qual denominamos de “teoria condicional do direito internacional”.
Brazil and the field of socio-legal studies: Globalization, the Hegemony of the US, the Place of Law, and Elite Reproduction
Authors: Garth Bryant
Published: February 2016

This article is about the field of socio-legal studies and the sociology of the field. This division enables working with two dimensions of the author’s socio-legal scholarly personality, especially as it relates to Brazil. It is going to try to describe, not prescribe, and the description is very preliminary. It is in part meant to provoke responses and criticisms that will make the description better. Part one examines the rise and to some extent fall of the field of socio-legal studies in the United States.  Part two will examine and make a preliminary contrast to a kind of parallel and contrasting story in Brazil. Part three moves to a different approach, a more sociological approach, focusing on lawyers as a point of entry into issues of law and state. Part four is the most tentative part of this talk as it a very preliminary contrast of the U.S. story with what I know preliminarily about Brazil in relation to the same issues of the place of law, elite production, hegemony, and globalization. Finally, it raises a couple of research projects and questions raised by this sociological examination.
Improved Tight Oil Productivity Through Integrated Technology Deployment on a Multipad Horizontal Well Trial in Central China
Authors: Liu Peiwu , Liu Hai , Xiao Xufeng , Liu Xiaojing , Tang Meirong , Ma Bing , Huang Yongjie , Judd Tobias , Luo Yin
Published: February 2016

Activity in the Ordos basin, China, has mostly occurred in the low permeability, clay-rich Chang 7 sandstone and has utilized multi-fractured horizontal wells as the preferred completion technique. To further improve the production potential and increase operational efficiency a dual-well pad site was engineered to trial a pad drilling approach, and to evaluate different completion techniques, utilize integrated workflows, and accelerate the development cycle.

The pilot project involved two pads with two horizontal wells each, with the intention to compare the local multistage stimulation practice of using a tubing-conveyed completion method to a wireline-conveyed plug-and-perforation technique. The current tubing-conveyed completion practice impacts the completion efficiency of the well from the standpoints of surface efficiency, engineering workflow, post-fracturing performance, and subsequent commercial performance. The wells completed with the plug-and-perforation technique were completed in a shorter period of time; simultaneous operations enabled flowback water from the first well to be recycled and reused on pumping operations on the second well, further improving the project performance, and first-year cumulative production were 20% higher when compared to surrounding offsets.

Three vertical wells were placed between the parallel horizontal wells to enable real-time fracturing monitoring and improve subsurface understanding. To have a more precise microseismic mapping result, the closest vertical well was selected as the monitoring well.

The study demonstrates the importance of an integrated approach that accounts for well design, engineering workflow, technology used during the execution, and subsequent evaluation while improving overall productivity. Both the efficiency and production result were breakthroughs in this area.