bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 Tentang Ketertiban Umum dan Ketentraman Masyarakat dalam Mengatasi Tindakan Perusakan Terhadap Fasilitas Umum di Kota Watampone
Authors: Purnomo Aji
Published: January 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah penulis ingin mengetahui peran pemerintah dalam menjaga dan merawat fasilitas umum di Kota Watampone agar tercipta kenyamanan saat menggunakan fasilitas umum. Selain itu penulis juga ingin mengetahui upaya pemerintah dalam menangani kasus perusakan terhadap fasilitas umum yang cukup meresahkan masyarakat serta kendala yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah dalam penegakan Peraturan Daerah tersebut. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan normatif-empiris dalam penelitian ini Kemudian teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan catatan lapangan serta untuk teknik analisis data yang penulis gunakan adalah teknik analisis data secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis dapat menyimpulkan. Peran pemerintah seharusnya memberikan sarana operasional kepada Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja (SATPOL PP) guna mempermudah pelaksanaan dan penegakan perda khususnya mengenai tindakan perusakan. Peran masyarakat juga dibutuhkan agar dapat bersinergi dengan pemerintah dan pro-aktif melaporkan setiap tindakan perusakan fasilitas umum yang dilakukan oleh oknum yang tidak bertanggung jawab
Hak-Hak Narapidana Wanita di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Watampone Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 tentang Pemasyarakatan
Authors: D Mirnawati
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi hak-hak narapidana wanita di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Watampone. Narapidana wanita merupakan narapidana yang harus dilindungi dan diberikan haknya dengan kodrat yang ia miliki, diantaranya menstruasi, hamil, melahirkan dan menyusui. Dengan kodrat inilah menjadi landasan utama perlu ada perlindungan hukum terhadap narapidana wanita. Dengan adanya perlindungan hukum, maka selanjutnya akan diterapkan dalam Lembaga Pemasyarakatan.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi Hak-Hak Narapidana Wanita di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Watampone belum terlaksana secara maksimal, mengakibatkan narapidana wanita merasa tidak sepenuhnya puas dengan pelayanan yang diberikan. Hal tersebut dikarenakan beberapa kendala diantaranya Lemabaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II AWatampone merupakan LAPAS umum (bukan LAPAS khusus wanita) sehingga pemenuhan hak-hak narapidana wanita sama dengan hak-hak narapidana secara umum. Keterbatasan petugas wanita sehingga untuk bersentuhan langsung terkait masalah wanita tentu narapidana wanita merasa terbatasi. Keterbatasan anggaran, sehingga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan narapidana wanita, seperti memberikan makanan tambahan secara rutin, baik kepada bayi maupun ibunya tidak dapat terlaksana. Menyediakan tenaga kesehatan lainnya juga tidak dapat dilaksanakan oleh Petugas Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Watampone. Keterbatasan tenaga kesehatan, dengan dua jumlah perawat dan satu sebagai dokter bantu tentu tidak dapat mengontrol kesehatan seluruh narapidana wanita dengan jumlah 12 orang, terlebih pada ibu yang menyusui dan juga bayinya yang berumur 1 tahun 2 bulan.
Hubungan Konsep Diri dengan Perilaku Moral Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Yunika Nurheliza , Novianti Ria , N Zulkifli
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan konsep diri dengan perilaku moral anak usia dini di TK Pertiwi Kelurahan Sungai Pakning Kabupaten Bengkalis. Adapun sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Pertiwi Kelurahan Sungai Pakning Kabupaten Bengkalis berjumlah 54 orang anak. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey denfan teknik korelasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi data. Teknik analisa data adalah teknik statistik dengan menggunakan rumus Pearson Product Moment. Hasil penelitian diketahui tingkat konsep diri anak berada dalam kategori tinggi (51,85%) dan tingkat perilaku moral anak berada dalam kategori sedang (55,55%). Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar rxy = 0,837 lebih besar dari pada rtabel = 0,268 (0,837 > 0.268) dengan taraf signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara konsep diri dengan perilaku moral. Tingkat hubungannya termasuk dalam kategori sangat tinggi dengan nilai koefisien determinan sebesar 70% artinya bahwa konsep diri memberi kontribusi sebesar 70% terhadap perilaku moral, sisanya 30% ditentukan oleh variabel lain.
Edutainment Karaoke dalam Pengembangan Kecerdasan pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Muyassaroh Novi Fatkhiyatul
Published: January 2020

Kecerdasan musik merupakan kecerdasan yang paling dini muncul, bahkan sejak dalam kandungan. Memberikan stimulus sejak dini cenderung memiliki kemampuan bermusik yang lebih baik. Edutainmen karaoke adalah salah satu strategi dalam mengembangkan kecerdasan musikal, banyak indikator yang muncul ketika anak melakukan kegiatan tersebut. salah satu lembaga yang menerapkan kegiatan tersebut adalah TK Islam Plus Mutiara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendiskripsikan bagaimana kegiatan edutainmen karaoke diimplementasikan sebagai bentuk pengembangan kecerdasan musikal anak. Dengan fokus pada aspek pelaksanaan serta hasil yang didapat dari kegiatan tersebut. dan hasil penelitian ini diperoleh data bahwa Edutainmen karaoke dilakukan dengan cara anak bernyanyi dengan menghafal lagu, bukan membaca teks atau menonton video pada layar seperti pada umunya. Lagu yang dinyanyikan adalah 10 lagu karya guru TK Islam Plus Mutiara, yang memiliki pesan edukatif di dalamnya. Hasil dari kegiata tersebut adalah tercatat ada 2 anak yang memiliki kecerdasan musikal yang bagus dan 9 anak dengan kecerdasan musikal yang masih harus dikembangkan lagi.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa SMK Pada Materi Program Linear
Authors: Nuryana Dede , Rosyana Tina
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa SMK dalam menyelesaikan soal program linear dan mengetahui pendapat siswa terhadap matematika. Penelitian dilakukan pada siswa kelas XI di salah satu SMK di Kota Cimahi. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Instrumen terdiri dari soal pemecahan masalah, pedoman wawancara, dan angket yang sudah dilakukan validasi. Tes yang dikerjakan siswa diberi skor dan dilakukan analisis terhadap kesalahan jawaban. Angket digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang pendapat siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 26.92% melakukan kesalahan pemahaman, sebanyak 42.31% yang melakukan kesalahan transformasi, sebanyak 53.85% yang melakukan kesalahan keterampilan, dan sebanyak 80.77% yang melakukan kesalahan penyimpulan. Sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa pada salah satu SMK di Kota Cimahi masih rendah sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan. Namun, menurut hasil wawancara dan angket yang diberikan,siswa memiliki pendapat yang positif terhadap matematika.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Model Learning Cycle 7e Siswa Kelas X SMA Tahap Preliminary Research
Authors: Insani Sri Ulfa , Widjajanti Djamilah Bondan
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran trigonometri dengan model learning cycle 7e berdasarkan aspek kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan ditinjau dari kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan rasa ingin tahu siswa kelas X SMA. Pembelajaran dengan model learning cycle 7e terdiri dari tujuh tahapan yaitu elicit, engage, explore, explain, elaborate, evaluate, dan extend. Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan terdiri dari RPP dan LKS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, dan Evaluate). Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah lembar validasi, penilaian guru, penilaian siswa, observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, soal kemampuan pemecahan masalah, dan angket rasa ingin tahu. Perangkat pembelajaran dikatakan efektif jika persentase siswa yang memenuhi ketuntasan secara klasikal tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah minimal mencapai 75%, dan jika persentase hasil angket rasa ingin tahu siswa memenuhi kategori tinggi minimal 75%. Tahap awal pada penelitian adalah dengan melakukan tahap analisis dengan langkah melakukan analisis kebutuhan, analisis materi, dan analisis karakter siswa. Dalam tahap ini, dirancang RPP dan LKS dengan model learning cycle 7e pada semester genap. Untuk menentukan kriteria kevalidan digunakan lembar validasi berdasarkan penilaian para ahli. Kemudian untuk kriteria kepraktisan digunakan lembar penilaian guru, siswa, dan observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Selanjutnya untuk menentukan kriteria keefektifan dilihat dari hasil nilai siswa dengan memberikan soal kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan angket rasa ingin tahu.
Tinjauan Pedagogical Content Knowledge Guru Pada Materi Peluang
Authors: Yuniartikasari Priskila , Mampouw Helti Lygia
Published: January 2020

Pedagogical content knowledge merupakan pengetahuan yang dimiliki seseorang yang kemudian ditransferkan kepada orang lain dalam bentuk materi sehingga mencapai tujuan pembelajaran dengan baik, dengan didasari oleh pemahaman tentang hal-hal yang dapat dapat membuat materi itu mudah atau sulit di mengerti. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan  kompetensi guru SMP pada materi peluang berdasarkan komponen Pedagogical Content Knowledge. Subjek penelitian ini guru SMP Negeri yang sudah mendapatkan sertifikasi dengan masa kerja guru kurang dari 15 tahun dan lebih dari 15 tahun. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa kedua guru mampu menguasai komponen pedagogic dengan baik. Kedua guru memiliki ananlisis penilaian yang berbeda. Namun secara garis besar mengenai kemampuan pedagogic kedua guru sama, hanya berbeda cara penyampaiannya.

Kata Kunci: pedagogical content knowledge, peluang                

ABSTRACT

Pedagogical content knowledge is knowledge that is owned by someone and then transferred to others in the form of material so as to achieve learning goals well, based on an understanding of things that can make the material easy or difficult to understand. This study aims to describe the competence of junior high school teachers in opportunity material based on the Pedagogical Content Knowledge component. The subjects of this study were state junior high school teachers who had received certification with teacher tenure of less than 15 years and more than 15 years. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that both teachers are able to master pedagogic components well. Both teachers have different assessment analyzes. But broadly speaking about the pedagogic abilities of the two teachers are the same, only different ways of delivering them.

Keywords: pedagogical content knowledge, peluang
Pengembangan Media Scrabble untuk Meningkatkan Procedural Fluency Matematika Siswa SMP
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Indri , Yunianta Tri Nova Hasti
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan suatu media pembelajaran board game mata pelajaran matematika dengan materi Bilangan Bulat. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP KANAAN Ungaran kelas VII A dengan jumlah 22 siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan atau research and development (R&D) yang menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE dengan tahapannya yaitu Analysis, Design Development, Implementation, Evaluation. Media pembelajaran board game telah melalui uji validasi dari aspek materi dan aspek media. Kevalidan materi memperoleh rata-rata 86% dan media mencapai 94% dengan kategori sangat setuju dan dinyatakan valid. Media pembelajaran juga diuji kepraktisannya dengan rata-rata 86% sehingga media pembelajaran dinyatakan praktis. Uji wilcoxson dengan taraf signifikan α=0,05 meghasilkan signifikan mendekati nol yang kurang dari 0,05 dengan rata-rata post test lebih tinggi dari pada pre test.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Teknik Kartu Arisan Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Siswa
Authors: Oktafia Mesi
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas siswa selama proses pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif teknik Kartu Arisan. Selain itu juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui  rata-rata hasil belajar matematika siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif teknik Kartu Arisan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan model rancangan randomized control group only design. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar matematika siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif teknik kartu arisan lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar matematika siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran biasa. Hasil analisis observasi menunjukkan bahwa persentase aktivitas siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif teknik kartu arisan lebih baik dari pada persentase aktivitas siswa siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran biasa.
The Trend of Mathematics Teaching Method Has Change From Fragments To Systematics
Authors: Yi Lin , Ying Zhou , Wijaya Tommy Tanu
Published: January 2020

According to the school observation in China, There are still fragmentation and superficiality problems in front-line teachers’ mathematics teaching method. The reason is that the general system theory has not been rooted in the mathematics teaching method. This study aims to develop Dick-Carey model of systematic design and used in the learning activity. Based on system analysis model,  Dick-Carey model of systematic design, and the “Six Questions” cognitive concepts, this paper tries to construct a systematic plan of teaching mathematics. In order to restore the structure, improve the breadth, depth and openness of teaching plan and to promote the systematic model into better teaching method. At the same time, taking the design of "intersecting lines" as an example, this paper explores the effective strategies of systematic design in mathematics teaching.
TECHNO-ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT BY HYBRID LIME APPLICATION AND NANOFILTRATION PROCESS
Authors: Almeida Ronei de , Campos Juacyara , Oroski Fábio de Almeida
Published: January 2020

Leachate treatment is a major issue in the context of landfill management since solutions have not been yet developed, resulting in more satisfactory technical and economic results concerning leachate treatment. In this paper, the technical and economic factors concerning lime application and nanofiltration for the treatment of leachate from the Seropédica landfill (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) were evaluated. The results indicate that the application of 30 g lime L-1, under optimum conditions, followed by air stripping, was able to place the effluent within the ammonia nitrogen discharge standard imposed by local legislation. The use of nanofiltration produced a clear and colorless permeate and has proved to be very effective at removing all pollutants. Regarding cost estimates, considering a means leachate generation flow of 1000 m3, recovery of 60% and average permeate flux of 12 L m-2 h-1. The total cost per m3 of treated effluent was estimated in two scenarios, using different types of membrane and therefore different membrane costs per m2. Considering that the landfill would operate for 25 years and after closing, the leachate treatment station would maintain its activities for another 15 years, totaling 40 years, the cost to treat leachate would be of US$ 10.54 and US$ 11.33 m-3. In both evaluated scenarios, with regard to process operation costs, the percentage value relative to membrane exchange was emphasized. It is noteworthy that, a treated effluent at a lower cost to that currently presented by the landfill was obtained through the applied hybrid process.
THERMAL CHARACTERISATION STUDY OF TWO DISPOSABLE DIAPER BRANDS
Authors: Khanyile Asiphile , Caws Guy Cubitt , Nkomo S'phumelele Lucky , Mkhize Ntandoyenkosi Malusi
Published: January 2020

Disposable diapers have become a prominent feature of solid waste dumped in landfills. It is estimated that disposable diapers take anywhere between 300 to 500 years to decompose. Despite the associated environmental challenges, a plethora of studies show that disposable diapers have become a popular choice for parents when compared with cloth diapers. Disposable diapers are argued to be more convenient for parents because of their once-off use and super-absorbent ability, of which they are able to absorb 200-300 times the weight as compared to the cloth diapers. This study investigates thermal devolatilisation profiles of disposable diapers as well as their iso-conventional kinetic parameters, elemental and fractional composition. In this study, the two most dominant disposable diaper brands were sampled and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. It was observed that the exterior fraction of both diapers showed a single peak devolatilisation at a temperature of around 500°C, while the interior fraction showed two distinctive devolatilisation peaks observed below 400°C and above 500°C. However, the pyrolysis heating rate produced no effect on the pyro-char fraction. Furthermore, the devolatilisation pathways of different types of disposable diaper fractions showed that there is a potential for conducting stepwise pyrolysis to promote fractional recovery of valuable products. Disposable diapers waste conversion can be better handled by separating the outer fraction (mainly fossil-based plastics and rubbery materials) from the inner fraction (mainly bio-based fibers and absorbents). It is further illustrated that the kinetic parameters, Ea and k0 are different for each disposable diaper fraction.
Analisis kesiapan modernisasi irigasi pada daerah irigasi kewenangan pemerintah provinsi di Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: Sari Dian Puspita , Anwar Nadjadji , Sidharti Theresia Sri
Published: January 2020

Dalam melaksanakan pengelolaan sistem irigasi pada daerah irigasi kewenangan pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Timur di Kabupaten Mojokerto, Dinas PU Sumber Daya Air Provinsi Jawa Timur mengalami beberapa kendala yaitu jaringan irigasi telah habis umur teknisnya, kurang optimalnya pelayanan irigasi serta terjadinya penurunan kapasitas tampungan air yang ada. Kendala lainnya yaitu adanya pertumbuhan penduduk yang menyebabkan peningkatan kebutuhan penggunaan air, peningkatan kebutuhan pangan, alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi pemukiman maupun industri serta Daerah Aliran Sungai kritis. Sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut, selain operasi, pemeliharaan dan rehabilitasi, diperlukan suatu pembaharuan secara menyeluruh, baik manajerial, institusional maupun teknikal, termasuk sumber daya manusianya, yang dikenal dengan istilah modernisasi irigasi. Sebelum melaksanakan kegiatan modernisasi irigasi, perlu adanya suatu penilaian untuk mengukur tingat kesiapan suatu daerah irigasi dalam melaksanakan kegiatan modernisasi irigasi tersebut. Langkah pertama yaitu menentukan kriteria yang mempengaruhi modernisasi irigasi, dalam hal ini terdapat 5 kriteria dan 34 sub kriteria. Penentuan bobot kriteria dilakukan dengan metode Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. Kemudian setelah itu, skala prioritas kesiapan daerah irigasi dalam melaksanakan kegiatan modernisasi irigasi ditentukan dengan metode Simple Additive Weighting. Dari 7 daerah irigasi kewenangan pemerintah provinsi Jawa Timur yang ada di Kabupaten Mojokerto, didapatkan skala prioritas bahwa modernisasi irigasi dapat diterapkan pada DI Kromong. Modernisasi irigasi perlu ditunda untuk dilakukan penyempurnaan terlebih dahulu pada DI Mernung, DI Sinoman, DI Penewon, DI Candi Limo, DI Jatikulon, dan DI Subontoro.
Teknik identifikasi saluran irigasi pada citra satelit resolusi tinggi dengan penggabungan komposit rgb, indeks saluran, dan interpretasi visual
Authors: Trisakti Bambang , Nugroho Udhi Catur , Sofiyuddin Hanhan Ahmad , Syauqi Naufal
Published: January 2020

Salah satu program penting untuk mendukung program nasional ketahanan pangan adalah pembangunan dan rehabilitasi infrastruktur jaringan irigasi yang mengalami kerusakan. Data spasial mengenai lokasi jaringan irigasi yang ada saat ini menjadi informasi yang sangat penting untuk kebijakan perluasan daerah irigasi dan pemantauan kerusakan infrastruktur jaringan irigasi. Citra satelit resolusi spasial tinggi seperti SPOT 7 dan Pleiades mampu memperlihatkan secara visual objek-objek permukaan bumi, seperti jalan, sungai dan juga saluran irigasi. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengembangkan teknik identifikasi saluran irigasi dengan menggunakan citra resolusi tinggi. Teknik identifikasi dilakukan dengan menggabungkan antara citra komposit RGB dengan warna semu, indeks saluran, dan interpretasi visual dengan mengenali karakteristik saluran irigasi. Pembuatan komposit RGB dan indeks saluran dilakukan berdasarkan perbedaan pola spektral dari saluran irigasi dengan pola spektral dari beberapa objek yang mirip. Citra komposit RGB dikombinasikan dengan indeks saluran dapat memperjelas dan memisahkan saluran irigasi dari objek sekitarnya, walaupun dengan kendala terkait lebar saluran dan bayangan tanaman. Teknik intepretasi citra dapat lebih memastikan ketepatan identifikasi dan membedakan saluran irigasi dengan bayangan tanaman. Citra SPOT 6/7 dapat dimanfaatkan untuk identifikasi saluran dengan lebar lebih dari 4 m, dan citra Pleaides untuk saluran kurang dari 4 m. Akurasi total hasil identifikasi saluran irigasi menggunakan citra Pleaides adalah berkisar 82%.
Faktor-faktor resiko kejadian asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir
Authors: Riana Eka , Suryantoro Purnomo , Edi Nawangsih Umu Hani
Published: January 2020

Abstract :This study aims to identify risk factors asphyxia in newbornsat PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Bantul 2014. The type of researchthat is used is the analytic survey design with Case Control Study. Totalsample of 167 cases and 167 controls. Data analysis was performedusing univariate, bivariate with chi-square test and multivariate logisticregression analysis. Multivariate analysis there are four factors relatedto the type of birth asphyxia is not normal (OR = 2.304; 95% CI =1.402 to 3.787; p-value = 0.001), premature rupture of membranes(OR = 2.040; 95% CI = 1,019- 4.083; p-value = 0.044), anemia(OR = 1.426; 95% CI = 1.182 to 1.720; p-value = 0.000) and spacingof pregnancy <2 years (OR = 2.458; 95% CI = 1.060 to 5.698; pvalue = 0.036). Type of abnormal labor, premature rupture ofmembranes, anemia and pregnancy spacing <2 years is a risk factorasphyxia in newborns.Keywords: asphyxia, neonatal risk factors
International scientific conference «Sustainable use of forest ecosystems — challenge of the 21st century» (8–10 November 2006, Donji Milanovac, Serbia)
Authors: Galanina O. V.
Published: January 2020

Conference dedicated to 60 anniversary of Institute forestry (established in Belgrade in 1946) was supported by the Ministry of science and environmental protection and Ministry control of agriculture and forestry and water resources of Serbia. The official ceremony devoted to this event took place in Belgrade on 7 November.
Herbaceous vegetation of the abandoned settlements in the mountain-forest zone of Bashkortostan Republic
Authors: Yamalov S. M. , Saifullina N. M. , Mirkin B. M.
Published: January 2020

The classification of ruderal and seminatural vegetation of the abandoned settlements in the mountain-forest zone of Bashkortostan Republic has been made by using deductive method after K. Kopečky and S. Hejny. One new subassociation, 2 communities without syntaxonomical rank, 6 basal, and 3 derivate communities are distinguished. These communities are assigned to classes Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Plantaginetea majoris, Galio-Urticetea, and Artemisietea vulgaris. Proposed syntaxonomical model of vegetation successions in the abandoned settlements that take place under different use conforms to an inhibition model. Effect of inhibition is stronger when the use of serial communities by man (phytomass removal by moving and/or grassing) is less intensive. It is suggested that dominant species of the initial succession stages play the inhibition role due to their high competitive ability on the nitrophillous substrates.
Vegetation of sandy outcrops in Pechora tundra
Authors: Kuljugina E. E.
Published: January 2020

The paper deals with the syntaxonomy of vegetation on the sandy outcrops in the Pechora (Malozemelskaya and Bolshezemelskaya) tundra. The vegetation was classified using the Brown-Blanke approach. Communities were referred to 3 associations: Arctostaphylo alpini—Empetretum hermaphroditi (Zinserling 1935) Koroleva 1994, Elymo—Festucetum arenariae (Regel 1923) Nordhagen 1955 and Rumici graminifoliae—Festucetum sabulosae ass. nov. Five new variants were suggested within the first association and 2 subassociations and 4 variants within the last one. Syntaxon description and phytocoenological tables are presented. The vegetation on each sandy outcrops represents a complex of communities fragmentary located on the scars area. Subass. inops of ass. Rumici graminifoliae—Festucetum sabulosae is more common in the Ortina river basin and occurs at the bottom of blowing hollows. Syntaxa of ass. Elymo—Festucetum arenariae and var. Festuca rubra of ass. Rumici graminifoliae—Festucetum sabulosae are situated at the mobile sands in the central part, while var. Arctous alpina of ass. Rumici graminifoliae—Festucetum sabulosae occurs on a periphery of out­crops where substratum is stable. The variants inops and typicum of ass. Arctostaphylo alpini—Empetretum hermaphroditi occuring in the Sedujyakha river basin occur mostly in the centre of sandy outcrops, and the other ones can be met on their periphery. Ecological conditions determine poor diversity of syntaxa of the association level. Geographical position (the Sedujyakha river basin belongs to the northern hypoarctic tundras, the Ortina river basin — to the southern hypoarctic ones), geomorphology (in the first site — tops of hills and ridges, in the second one — watershed areas) and area of sandy outcrops (200—3000 m2 for the first and 61000—418000 m2 for the second site respectively) are the reasons for the less diverse communities found in each study site. A great number of variants is conditioned by succession stages of vegetation and instability of the substrates.
Aquatic vegetation (Lemnetea, Potametea) of the Ob river floodplain (within the limits of Aleksandrovskiy district of Tomsk region)
Authors: Taran G. S.
Published: January 2020

In the Ob river floodplain between the mouths of its tributaries Vakh and Tym (within the limits of Aleksandrovskiy district of Tomsk region), phytocoenoses belonging to 9 associations and 2 communities of Braun-Blanquet classification vegetation classes are listed. Class Lemnetea is represented by associations Ricciocarpetum natantis (Segal 1963) Tx. 1974, Lemnetum trisulcae Soó 1927, Stratiotetum aloidis Miljan 1933; class Potametea is done by asso­ciations Potametum perfoliati Koch 1926, Myriophylletum sibirici Taran 1998, Myriophylletum verticillati Soó 1927, Potametum graminei Koch 1926, Potametum pectinati Carstensen 1955, Nymphoidetum peltatae (All. 1922) Bellot 1951, as well as Sagittaria natans and Potamogeton natans—Ceratophyllum demersum communities. The syntaxa distribution in Western Siberia and adjoining territories is characterized.
Biodiversity in Vegetation and Ecosystems»: symposium on the occasion of the retirement of Prof. Dr. Fred J.A. Daniels (Munster, Germany, July 11, 2008)
Authors: Matveyeva N. V.
Published: January 2020

July 2008 in Münster (Germany) hosted a Symposium on the occasion of the 65th anniversary of Professor of the University of this city, Fred Daniels (Frederikus Josephus Alphonsus Daniëls). The title of this Symposium «Biodiversity in Vegetation and Ecosystems» reflected the wide range of interests of the celebrant.
(A review) D.V. Dubina, T.P. Dziuba, Z. Neuhauslova, V.A. Solomakha, O.V. Tyshchenko, Yu.R. Shelyag-Sosonko. Halophytic vegetation. Kiev, 2007. 314 p.
Authors: Golub V. B. , Nikolaychuk L. F. , Sorokin A. N.
Published: January 2020

Emerged in the 1980s, the idea of creating a multivolume summary «Vegetation of the USSR» (Vasilevich, 1983), although at a very late stage, but, nevertheless, implemented in the former Soviet Republics that are now independent States. About 10 years ago appeared the first volume, which characterizes the vegetation of Lithuania (Balevičienë et al., 1998). Solves the problem of the publication «Vegetation of Ukraine», which was supposed to put the principles directions of Braun-Blanquet (Solomakha et al., 1998). To date out of a planned 11-volume set of this summary, 3 out. The first volume was reviewed Alpine vegetation (Малиновський, Крічфалушій, 2000), the second — water (Dubina, 2006) and in the third, which is the subject of our attention is halophytic vegetation. Analyzing it, we would concentrate mostly on the noticed shortcomings. In our view, a critical view would be more useful, especially in light of the fact that the authors of the «Flora of Ukraine» there is still work to 8 volumes.
Syntaxonomical diversity of the Dnieper mouth region. II. Class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea Klika in Klika et Novak 1941. Order Phragmitetalia W. Koch 1926
Authors: Dubyna D. V. , Dziuba T. P.
Published: January 2020

Syntaxonomic structure of the class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea and order Phragmitetalia of the Dnieper mouth area that includes 17 associations belonging to two alliances has been discussed. The paper presents diagnoses of associations as well as phytocoenotic tables. Both the peculiarities of communities and the factors of their spatial differentiations have been characterized. A problem of the class syntaxonomy and conservation of typical and rare communities is under consideration.
On the new association of steppe oak forests on the South Urals
Authors: Martynenko V. B. , Shirokikh P. S. , Muldashev A. A. , Solomeshch A. I.
Published: January 2020

The new association of steppe oak forests Filipendulo vulgaris—Quercetum roboris on the territory of the Zilair Plateau and southern extremity of South Urals (on the border of the Bashkortostan Republic and the Orenburg region) is described. This syntaxa have been classified within alliance Lathyro—Quercion roboris. Ass. Filipendulo vulgaris—Quercetum roboris includes two subassociations, and each of these contains two variants. Diagnostic species combinations of association, subassociations and variants are presented.
Classification of boreal forests in the North of European Russia. I. Oligotrophic coniferous forests
Authors: Morozova O. V. , Zaugolnova L. B. , Isaeva L. G. , Kostina V. A.
Published: January 2020

Results of a syntaxonomical study of the oligotrophic forests of northern European Russia are presented. The main forest types have been classified into 2 orders of the class Vaccinio-Piceetea, 4 alliances, 6 associations and 1 community. The new alliance Empetro-Piceion all. nov., which includes zonal spruce and birch northern forest association Empetro-Piceetum, has been established. These communities are formed according to cold temperature and high (sometimes temporarily) soil moisture and are characterized by the lower tree canopy, mosaic herb and moss-lichen layers with boreal mosses, sphagnum and lichens. In the middle taiga subzone these communities are replaced by Eu-Piceetum myrtilletosum. The forests with lichens are referred to order Cladonio-Vaccinietalia and divided into 4 associations. Lichen pine forests of the north-west of boreal zone were described as ass. Flavocetrario nivalis—Pinetum ass. nov. This association with a great number of lichens is differentiated by Cladonia arbuscula subsp. mitis, Flavocetraria nivalis, Cetraria ericetorum, Stereocaulon grande, Dicranum fuscescens, D. drummondii, Nephroma arcticum and species of Cladonia. The ass. Cadonio arbusculae—Pinetum (Caj. 1921) K.-Lund 1967 contains lichen pine forests with lower number of lichens and is distributed mostly in middle part of the taiga zone. The spruce-pine forests with mixed moss-lichen cover correspond to ass. Vaccinio-Pinetum. Ass. Hedysaro-Laricetum represents rich and well differentiated larch forests in the east of European Russia.
Classification of pine forests on sandy deposits in the Minusinskaya intermountain basin (Southern Siberia)
Authors: Polyakova M. A. , Ermakov N. B.
Published: January 2020

Classification of pine forests of sandy deposits in the Minisinskaya intermountain basin (southern Siberia) has been performed according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. All communities represent 3 classes, 3 orders, 4 alliances, 4 suballiances, 9 associations and 9 variants. The class Brachypodio pinnati—Betuletea Ermakov et al. 1991 (order Carici macrourae—Pinetalia sylvestris Ermakov et al. 1991) includes associations: Carici shmidti—Betuletum pendulae ass. nova hoc loco, Equiseto sylvaticae—Pinetum sylvestris ass. nova hoc loco, Veronico chamaedrythis—Pinetum sylvestris ass. nova hoc loco, Cimicifugo foetidae—Pinetum sylvestris ass. nova hoc loco. The class Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Siss. et Vlieger 1939 (order Cladonio-Vaccinietalia Kielland-Lund 1967) includes associations: Oxytropido campanulatae—Pinetum sylvestris ass. nova hoc loco, Ptilio crista-castrensis—Pinetum sylvestris ass. nova hoc loco. The class Rhytidio—Laricetea sibiricae Korotkov et Ermakov 1999 includes associations: Artemisio commutatae—Pinetum sylvestris ass. nova hoc loco and Euphrasio pectinatae—Pinetum sylvestris ass. nova hoc loco. Diagnostic features of the higher units and peculiarities of classification approach for vegetation of azonal habitats are discussed.
Revision of the higher syntaxa of meadows in the Russian Far East
Authors: Ermakov N. B. , Krestov P. V.
Published: January 2020

A revision of the higher syntaxa of meadows of the Russian Far East has been made on the basis of results of ecological, phytocoenotic and chorological analyses of associations and higher units published by M. Achty­amov (1985, 1987а, б, 1995, 2000) and G. Dymina (1980, 1985). Conceptual basis for existing syn­taxo­nomic system of the meadows and leading diagnostic features of syntaxa have been reviewed. Authors propose to include all diverse Daurian-Manchurian meadows into two different classes. Hygro-mesic meadow communities of bogged flood-plane habitats with excessive moisture supported by subterranean waters have been included in the class Cala­magros­tietea langsdorffii Mirkin in Achtyamov et al. 1985. Diagnostic species are Anemonidium dichotomum, Calamagrostis langsdorffii, Caltha membran acea, Carex appendiculata, C. schmidtii, Filipendula pal­mata, Fimbripetalum radians, Galium davuricum, Iris laevigata. Lathyrus pilosus, Lysimachia davurica, Sanguisorba parviflora, Saussurea amurensis, Spiraea salicifolia, Stachys aspera, Nomenclature type of the class is the order Calamagrostietalia langsdorffii Achtyamov et al. 1985. Drought-tolerant xero-mesic meadows of zonal sites with fluctuating moisture regime supported by monsoon climate have been included in the class Arundinello anomalae—Agros­tie­tea trinii cl. nova hoc loco. Nomenclature type of the class is the order Artemisietalia mandshuricae Achtya­mov et al. 1985. Diagnostic species are: ­Aco­nogonon divaricatum, Adenophora pereskiifolia, A. ver­ticillata, Agrostis trinii, Artemisia desertorum, A. integrifolia, A. stenophylla, Arundinella anomala, Aster tataricus, Campanula cephalotes, Carex diplasio­carpa, Dianthus chinensis, Eupatorium lindleyanum, Galium verum, Gentiana scabra, Geranium vlassowia­num, Hemero­callis minor, Iris ensata, Lathyrus quin­quener­vius, Lupinaster pentaphyllus, Patrinia sca­biosi­folia, Poten­til­la fragarioides, Ptarmica acu­mi­nata, Ranunculus japonicus, Sedum aizoon, Serratula manshurica, Tha­lictrum amurense, Trommsdorfia cilia­ta, Vicia amoena, V. pseudorobus. The ranges of both classes are concen­trated in the Manchurian floristic province of Northern Asia, in regions with obvious Pacific and Sub-Pacific climatic regimes. Their western geographical limits run near the Yablonovy mountain ridge in the Eastern part of Baikal region. Westward, the Arundinello ano­malae—Agrostietea trinii and Calamagrostietea langs­dorffii are replaced by Euro­pean-Siberian meadows of the Molinio—Arrhe­na­theretea.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENTLY-ABLED PERSONS IN INDIA – AN EMPERICAL STUDY BASED ON SECONDARY DATA.
Authors: SALEEM SHANIMONS
Published: January 2020

This study is a descriptive study about the socio-economic conditions of differently-abled people in India.
Network validity
Authors: Froehlich Dominik Emanuel
Published: January 2020

“Carelessness in system specification is probably a more serious issue for network analysis than for much survey analysis” - this quote by Laumann et al. (1983, p. 19) is becoming more and more relevant, given the increasing popularity of social network analysis (SNA) in a variety of academic disciplines (Froehlich, 2020). Criticism has been voiced against the validity of many SNA studies. This includes, for instance, the missing generalizability of much SNA work, theoretical underspecification, or conceptual slippage of the term “network”. Lots has been written about the validity and reliability of different social network measurement techniques and methods, but far less about the validity of the notion of 'network'. In this presentation, we pick up this gap and focus on a specific instance of validity that we call network validity. Some thoughts have been spent on the topic, especially under the banner of the boundary specification problem. However, with this framework of network validity presented here, we hope to show that there are more considerations to be taken into account to have a valid network study. The main question we pose is how to determine whether the thing that we’re studying using network methods actually constitutes a network and what kind of network it is. In developing our argument, we refer to Dellinger and Leech’s (2007) mixed methods validation framework, given that SNA can be considered an inherently mixed method (Crossley & Edwards, 2016; Froehlich et al., 2020; Froehlich & Brouwer, Forthcoming)
Mechanisms for Funding Temporary Waqf and its Role for Social Development
Authors: Studies International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh
Published: January 2020

As temporary waqf has a positive role in serving the welfare of societies, especially those which took organized steps to benefit from it, this research aims to find the means and mechanisms of funding it. This will have a positive role in the development of society which has problems in finding mechanisms to finance the temporary endowment, and how to employ them for this development. The research will use practical experiences to identify these mechanisms. Also, in order to understand the role of temporary waqf for social development, the researchers will use the inductive method through reading books, articles, and classical and modern scholarly researches, and the analytical approach to discover the impact of temporary waqf on the various fields of society.
Consideration of Public Interest (Maṣlaḥah) in Al-Qarḍ Al-Ḥasan Financing in Islamic Banks: A Case Study of Al Baraka Bank of Algeria
Authors: Studies International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh
Published: January 2020

The ultimate purpose of Sharia law is to protect the welfare of humans by bringing benefits for them and preventing harms from them. The jurists agree that the evidence of maslahah is the basis on which the provisions of financial and banking transactions are based regardless of their difference of opinions in terms of its conditions. The reality of Islamic banking transactions and the complexity of many of its issues make the existence of clear evidence from the Quran and Sunnah difficult, which necessitates for the researchers to make additional efforts in this field, and conduct ijtihad to use the evidence of maslahah with its legal conditions as a way to reveal the Shari`ah rulings by following the Companions and righteous scholars during their time. Therefore, the research will deal with the concept of maslahah and some issues related to considering it in financing with al-Qarḍ al-Ḥasan in the Islamic banks, and opinions of scholars about it. In addition, it explains the procedures of granting al-Qarḍ al-Ḥasan at Al Baraka Islamic Bank in Algeria and highlights the need of the Algerian youth to obtain al-Qarḍ al-Ḥasan which will be investigated through the distribution of questionnaires among them. The research follows the inductive approach to extrapolate the scholars' opinions, and analytic approach to analyze their views, and analyze the results of the questionnaires about al-Qarḍ al-Ḥasan. The research concludes that the Shari`ah ruling of some issues of al-Qarḍ al-Ḥasan is based on evidence of maslahah including all of its types which are considered, canceled and silenced ones.
Isradipine enhancement of virtual reality cue exposure for smoking cessation: Rationale and study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Papini Santiago , Young Cara C. , Gebhardt Catherine S. , Perrone Alex , Morikawa Hitoshi , Otto Michael , Roache John D. , Smits Jasper A. J.
Published: January 2020

Cigarette smoking remains a leading cause of preventable death in the United States, contributing to over 480,000 deaths each year. Although significant strides have been made in the development of effective smoking cessation treatments, most established interventions are associated with high relapse rates. One avenue for increasing the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions is to design focused, efficient, and rigorous experiments testing engagement of well-defined mechanistic targets. Toward this aim, the current protocol will apply a pharmacologic augmentation strategy informed by basic research in animal models of addiction. Our goal is to evaluate the enhancing effect of isradipine, an FDA-approved calcium channel blocker, on the extinction of craving—a key mechanism of drug relapse after periods of abstinence. To activate craving robustly in human participants, we will use multimodal smoking cues including novel 360° video environments developed for this project and delivered through consumer virtual reality headsets. Adult smokers will take either isradipine or placebo and complete the cue exposure protocol in a double-blind randomized control trial. In order to test the hypothesis that isradipine will enhance retention of craving extinction, participants will repeat cue exposure in a medication-free state 24 h later. The study will be implemented in a primary care setting where adult smokers receive healthcare, and smoking behavior will be tracked throughout the trial with ecological momentary assessment.
Agreeableness
Authors: Tackett Jennifer L
Published: January 2020

Children, adolescents, and adults differ in many ways, including their approach to handling interpersonal situations and their tendencies to show concern for others feelings. Such interpersonal manifestations - including empathy, compassion, altruism, and love - are inherently interesting to and consequential for everyone. The current chapter focuses on the personality trait of agreeableness, including how this trait manifests in children, adolescents, and adults, and is related to behavioral outcomes across the lifespan. In addition to being intrinsically interesting and consequential, agreeableness is multifaceted. It intersects with self-regulation, including negative self-regulation (e.g., aggression, anger, hostility) and self-discipline and order (e.g., agreeable compliance and cooperation). Moreover, developmental research suggests that these distinct aspects of agreeableness are highly overlapping early in the lifespan (e.g., toddlerhood and early childhood), and become increasingly distinct from one another over the course of middle childhood and adolescence. Notable, these time periods are also when major social and academic changes are taking place, as well as emotional, cognitive, and biological changes within the individual, offering many possible mechanisms to potentially explain such changes.
Exposure to and experience of self-harm and self-harm related content: An exploratory network analysis
Authors: Kirtley Olivia J , Hussey Ian , Marzano Lisa
Published: January 2020

Exposure to the self-harm behaviour of others plays a role in individuals’ own self-harm thoughts and behaviours, but there has been little consideration of the broader range of mediums through which exposure to self-harm related content may occur. N = 477 participants completed an online study, including questions regarding lifetime history of self-harm thoughts and behaviours and the frequency with which they had been exposed to self-harm via various mediums. Gaussian Markov random field network models were estimated using graphical LASSO and extended Bayesian information criterion. Bootstrapping revealed that exposure mediums with a direct connection to self-harm thoughts and behaviours were the internet (rrp = .34, 95% CI [.26, .42]) and in-passing ‘miscellaneous’ exposure (rrp = .14, 95% CI [.00, .23]). However, stability of the network centrality was low (expected influence stability = 0.52). The node with the greatest increase in expected influence within the network was miscellaneous “in-passing” exposure. In-passing exposure is an understudied exposure medium. Our results may suggest new types of exposure mediums for future research. Data were cross-sectional, so temporal relationships between exposure and behaviour could not be determined. Low stability of the networks suggests that future similar studies would benefit from larger sample sizes.
Collective Problem-Solving of Groups Across Tasks of Varying Complexity
Authors: Almaatouq Abdullah , Yin Ming , Watts Duncan J
Published: January 2020

As organizations gravitate to group-based structures, the problem of improving performance through judicious selection of group members has preoccupied scientists and managers alike. However, it remains poorly understood under what conditions groups outperform comparable individuals, which individual attributes best predict group performance, or how task complexity mediates these relationships. Here we describe a novel two-phase experiment in which individuals were evaluated on a series of tasks of varying complexity; then randomly assigned to solve similar tasks either in groups of different compositions or as individuals. We describe two main sets of findings. First, while groups are more efficient than individuals and comparable “nominal group” when the task is complex, this relationship is reversed when the task is simple. Second, we find that average skill level dominates all other factors combined, including social perceptiveness, skill diversity, and diversity of cognitive style. Our findings illustrate the utility of a “solution-oriented” approach to identifying principles of collective performance.