bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Melalui Model Project Based Learning Mapel Matematika Kelas II SD Negeri Balirejo Tahun 2022/2023
Authors: Agustin Nani , Dewi Kirana Prama , Candrawati Dheni Eka
Published: November 2023

Berdasarkan hasil observasi, ditemukan hasil pengamatan bahwa kurangnya ketertarikan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran matematika, nilai hasil belajar peserta didik masih rendah, dan metode yang digunakan sudah bervariasi akan tetapi hasil yang diperoleh belum maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik melalaui model pembelajaran project based learning. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah 19 peserta didik kelas II. Instrumen yang digunakan terdiri dari observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh pada siklus I pertemuan 1 sebesar 47,37%, siklus I pertemuan 2 sebesar 63,15%. Perolehan siklus II pertemuan 1 sebesar 73,68%, siklus II pertemuan 2 sebesar 89,47% dengan kategori sangat baik. Rata-rata hasil belajar pra siklus sebesar 42,10%, siklus I 52,63% dan meningkat pada siklus II sebesar 81,57% menunjukkan ketercapaian indikator keberhasilan sangat baik. Dapat disimpulkan model pembelajaran project based learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Melalui Metode Struktural Analitik Sintetik Pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas I SDN 2 Sentolo Tahun 2022/2023
Authors: Rohmawati Nuri , Erviana Vera Yuli , Suryani Wahyu
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh masalah yang peneliti temui di kelas I SDN 2 Sentolo yakni berdasarkan pretest yang telah dilakukan ditemukan bahwa terdapat 60% siswa masih kesulitan dalam membaca dan berdasarkan praktik mengajar terbimbing ditemukan bahwa proses pembelajaran berlangsung kurang kondusif. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan membaca permulaan peserta didik pada pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode SAS di kelas I SD Negeri 2 Sentolo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas kolaboratif (PTK-K). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni observasi, tes dan dokumentasi.  Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif yaitu dengan mencari rerata. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa melalui metode SAS dapat meningkatkan ketrampilan membaca permulaan peserta didik kelas I SD Negeri 2 Sentolo dari pra tindakan, siklus I dan siklus II, data awal presentase kelulusan klasikal sebesar 40% atau 10 peserta didik, siklus I sebesar 72%, dan siklus II sebesar 92%. Dari hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan membaca permulaan peserta didik kelas I di SD Negeri 2 Sentolo meningkat dengan menggunakan metode Struktural Analitik Sintetik pada pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Pancasila Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Puzzle di Kelas I Amanah SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 2 Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Sari Lathifah Aulia , Khasanah Uswatun , Sulistyaningsih Wiwik
Published: November 2023

Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar Pendidikan Pancasila menggunakan model problem Based learning berbantuan media puzzle di kelas I Amanah. Metode penelitian ini yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua siklus dengan tahapan meliputi perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, tes, dan studi dokumen. Teknik analisis data menurut Miles dan Huberman meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kelas dan persentase kentutasan klasikal meningkat dari pratindakan 56,92 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 23,04% meningkat menjadi 72,06 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 55,77% pada siklus I, dan meningkat menjadi 85,98 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 84,62% pada siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model Problem Based Learning berbantuan media puzzle dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Pendidikan Pancasila di kelas I Amanah SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 2 tahun ajaran 2022/2023.
Reflections on Russian Philosophy: on Some Western Stereotypes of Its Perception and Its Place in the History of World Philosophical Thought
Authors: Bykova Marina F.
Published: November 2023

The article addresses the question of the uniqueness of Russian philosophy and its place in the world philosophical process. It surveys contemporary stereotypes in the perception of Russian philosophical thought in Anglophone studies and examines the history of their formation under the influence of the works of Isa­iah Berlin, in particular, his well-known book Russian Thinkers (1978). The author identifies and discusses a number of characteristics of Russian philosophical thought, which can rightfully be considered its important features that distin­guish it from other philosophical traditions. The article argues that Russian phi­losophy is an integral part of the development of the world philosophical process and, therefore, it cannot and shall not be considered outside its context. Only an open philosophical dialogue and active intellectual and ingenious cooperation with other cultures and philosophical traditions create the conditions necessary for both an adequate assessment of the originality of Russian philosophical thought and the further advance of Russian philosophy.
Why Didn’t He Leave? Gustav Shpet and the Revolution
Authors: Dennes Maryse
Published: November 2023

Over the past twenty years, the rehabilitation of Gustav Gustavovich Shpet’s work has taken place almost simultaneously in France and in Russia, thanks to the close cooperation of researchers. Among the intersecting themes that have become the focus of their attention is his attitude to the revolution as a social and cultural-historical phenomenon. And although this issue is not a priority in his work, it nevertheless turns out to be very significant for understanding his life and phi­losophy. Gustav Shpet, as a philosopher, understood that he had to keep his dis­tance from political events in order to concentrate on his work, especially when the implementation of this work is threatened by what should have contributed to it (meaning the cultural policy that was conducted in the post-revolutionary Russia in the late 1910s and 1920s. It is important for us today that at different moments of his life, Gustav Shpet interprets the revolution, relying on his experi­ence of understanding the revolutionary struggle in which he participated in his youth, phenomenological ideas, the history of Russian philosophy and organiza­tional academic activity. It was these factors that determined the dynamics of his interpretation of the revolution that played an important role in his decision to re­main in Russia in 1922, when he asked Lunacharsky to cross his name off the lists of those who were to leave the country on the Philosophers’ Ship. Gustav Shpet chose to stay in his country, for better or for worse, but he chose it.
Disrupted visual attention relates to cognitive development in infants with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Ali Jannath Begum , Mason Luke , Charman Tony , Johnson Mark H. , Green Jonathan , Garg Shruti , Jones Emily J.H.
Published: November 2023

Background
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 is a genetic condition diagnosed in infancy that substantially increases the likelihood of a child experiencing cognitive and developmental difficulties, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). One of the most characteristic cognitive differences observed in children with NF1 is in visuospatial processing, but whether this contributes to broader difficulties with cognitive and learning skills is unclear. To address this question requires longitudinal prospective studies from infancy, where the relation between visuospatial difficulties and cognitive development can be mapped over time.
Methods
We report data from 28 infants with NF1 tested longitudinally at 5, 10 and 14 months compared to cohorts of 29 typical likelihood infants (with no history of NF1 or ASD and/or ADHD), and 123 infants with a family history of ASD and/or ADHD. We used an eyetracking battery to measure visual spatial attention.
Results
Infants with NF1 demonstrated intact social orienting, but slower development of endogenous visual foraging. This slower development presented as prolonged engagement with a salient stimulus in a static display relative to typically developing infants. In terms of exogenous attention shifting, NF1 infants showed faster saccadic reaction times than typical likelihood infants. However, the NF1 group demonstrated a slower developmental improvement from 5 to 14 months of age. Individual differences in foraging and saccade times were concurrently related to visual reception abilities within the full infant cohort (NF1, typical likelihood and those with a family history of ASD/ADHD).
Conclusions
Our results provide preliminary evidence that alterations in saccadic reaction time and visual foraging may contribute to learning difficulties in infants with NF1; social orienting and engagement develop typically in these infants.
TRIM26 facilitates PRV infection through NDP52-mediated MAVS autophagic degradation
Authors: Wu Chengyue , Wang Mengdong , Wang Xiaoquan , Chen Yeping , Li Hao , Sun Liumei , Ren Jianle , Zhang Zhendong
Published: November 2023

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) has evolved multiple strategies to evade host antiviral responses to benefit virus replication and establish persistent infection. Recently, tripartite motif 26 (TRIM26) belonging to TRIM family proteins is engaged in a broad range of biological processes involved in innate immunity, especially in regulating virus infection. Herein, we found that the expression of TRIM26 was significantly induced after PRV infection. Surprisingly, the overexpression of TRIM26 promoted PRV production, while the depletion of this protein inhibited the virus replication, suggesting TRIM26 could positively regulate PRV infection. Further analysis revealed that TRIM26 negatively regulates innate immune response by targeting RIG-I triggered type I interferon signaling pathway. TRIM26 was physically associated with MAVS independent of viral infection and reduced MAVS expression. Mechanistically, we found NDP52 interacted with both TRIM26 and MAVS, and TRIM26-induced MAVS degradation was almost entirely blocked in NDP52 knockdown cells, demonstrating that TRIM26 degrades MAVS through NDP52-mediated selective autophagy. Our results reveal a novel mechanism by which PRV escapes host antiviral innate immunity and enriches insights into the crosstalk among virus infection, autophagy, and innate immune response.
Off the Shelf’ Toric Intraocular Lenses to allow better access in Public Healthcare: A Randomised Control Study
Authors: O'Brart David , Naderi Khayam , Jameel Ashmal , Low Sancy , Wagh Vijay , Bhogal Mani , Ritchie Ailsa , Robbie Scott , Hammond Christopher , Mohamed Moin , Stanojcic Nick , Azan Elodie , Lai Lily , Hull Chris
Published: November 2023

Purpose To compare fully tailored (FT) toric intraocular lens (TIOL) implantation with an ‘off the shelf’ (OTS) approach, with only 2.0 or 4.0 dioptre cylinder (D) powers and opposite clear corneal incisions (OCCI) to simplify TIOL implantation in public healthcare. Methods Forty-seven patients with corneal astigmatism of 1.50DC or more were randomised to the OTS and 44 to the FT group. Primary outcomes were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) (logMar), best-corrected distance visual acuity (BDVA) and post-operative refractive cylinder (RC). Secondary outcomes were patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) (CATPROM and EQ-5D-3L), and adverse events. Follow up was four weeks (4W) and six months (6M). Results At 4W, mean UDVA (+/-SD) was 0.14 (0.11) in the OTS and 0.15 (0.14) in the FT group (p = 0.65); mean BDVA was 0.02 (0.1) in OTS and 0.00 (0.085) in FT (p = 0.27); mean RC was 0.73D (0.39) in OTS, and 0.85D (0.49) in FT (p = 0.23). At 6M, mean UDVA was 0.16 (0.15) in OTS and 0.10 (0.13) in FT (p = 0.075); mean BDVA was 0.01 (0.10) in OTS and − 0.01 (0.09) in FT (p = 0.34); mean RC was 0.89D (0.50) in OTS and 0.84D (0.42) in FT (p = 0.59). There were no differences in PROMs between the groups. No cases required further surgery to reposition the TIOL. Conclusions The use of OTS 2.00D and 4.00D cylinder TIOLs with additional OCCI is not significantly inferior to using FT TIOLs. This may facilitate access to TIOL implantation in public healthcare settings.
Evaluation of pneumonia indexes associated with mechanical ventilation in a COVID-19 unit with dentist
Authors: Feitosa Alinne , Veras Pedryna , Sampaio Eliane , Filho Edson Cetira , Matos Ylana , Carvalho Aristea
Published: November 2023

Objective:The aim of this research is to evaluate whether there was a difference after the insertion of the dental surgeon in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) that cares for patients with COVID-19 in relation to VAP control, length of stay and mortality.Materials and methodsO Dentista foi inserido por três meses na equipe multiprofissional. No começo de cada mês foi realizada uma capacitação com os técnicos de enfermagem e enfermeiros. Foram coletados no Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar os índices de PAVM, tempo de internação hospitalar e mortalidade na UTI nos três meses anteriores a inserção do Cirurgião-Dentista na equipe e três meses após a inserção do mesmo.Results:After statistical analysis, the hospitalization rate increased in the period in which the dentist was working in the COVID-19 unit, but the p value was not significant in this variant (p > 0.062). The percentage of VAP in the period before and after the dentist's intervention in the COVID-19 unit decreased with a significant difference between the evaluated periods (p < 0.0001). Regarding mortality, it was found that there was an increase in the number of deaths over time, however without statistical significance (p > 0.2790).ConclusionThe pandemic came to confirm the importance of dental care in the hospital environment and the integration of the professional dentist in the health team, contributing to the oral health and quality of life of critical patients.Clinical significance:o aumento do número de Cirurgiões-Dentistas nas equipes multiprofissionais, dando capacitação e suporte à equipe com os cuidados bucais em pacientes críticos, junto com o protocolo fixo sobre higienização em pacientes intubados repassado à equipe no início de cada mês, contribuiu de forma significativa para redução da PAVM.
Association between ambient temperature and emergency room visits of total and cause-specific cardiovascular disease: A time-series study in Lanzhou, China
Authors: Ye Yilin , Ma Hongran , Dong Jiyuan , Wang Jiancheng
Published: November 2023

This study focused on Lanzhou, China, and assessed the associations between daily mean temperature and emergency room (ER) visits due to total and cause-specific cardiovascular diseases (CVD) from 2013 to 2019. The quasi-Poisson generalized additive model (GAM) combined with distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to examine the effects of ambient temperature and total and cause-specific cardiovascular ER visits. We calculated the relative risks (RR) at cold (hot) temperature comparing the 5th (95th) centile of temperature with the minimum morbidity temperature (MMT). Inverted U-shaped or irregular M-shaped exposure-response curves were observed between temperature and total and cause-specific CVD ER visits in Lanzhou, China.For people with total CVD, HRD or CD, females were more sensitive to temperature than male, for IHD and HF, males are more vulnerable to temperature. The <65 years old with total CVD, IHD, HRD, or CD were more susceptible to the effect of temperature. The results showed that the relationship between temperature and total and cause-specific CVD was nonlinear. Cold temperatures had longer-lasting effects on morbidity, whereas hot temperatures had acute and short-term effects. The susceptibility to temperature varied across disease subtype, gender, and age.So the implementation of targeted interventions and regular monitoring of health risks at non-optimal temperatures is crucial for informing urban public health policy.
Outcomes and failure patterns after chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer with positive lateral pelvic lymph nodes: A propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Li Shuai , Song Maxiaowei , Tie Jian , Zhu Xianggao , Zhang Yangzi , Wang Hongzhi , Geng Jianhao , Liu Zhiyan , Sui Xin , Teng Huajing , Cai Yong , Li Yongheng , Wang Weihu
Published: November 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to use propensity score matching (PSM) to explore the long-term outcomes and failure patterns in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients with positive versus negative lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN).
Materials and methods: Patients with LARC were retrospectively divided into LPLN-positive and LPLN-negative groups. Clinical characteristics were compared between the groups using the chi-square test. PSM was applied to balance these differences. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and local-regional recurrence (LRR) and distant metastasis (DM) rates were compared between the groups using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests.
Results: A total of 651 LARC patients were included, 160 (24.6%) of whom had positive LPLN and 491(75.4%) had negative LPLN. Before PSM, the LPLN-positive group had higher rates of lower location (53.1% vs. 43.0%, P=0.025), T4 stage(37.5% vs. 23.2%, P=0.002), mesorectal fascia (MRF)-positive (53.9% vs. 35.4%, P<0.001) and extramural venous invasion (EMVI)-positive (51.2% vs. 27.2%, P<0.001) disease than the LPLN-negative group. After PSM, there were 114 patients for each group along with the balanced clinical factors, and both groups had comparable surgery, pathologic complete response (pCR), and ypN stage rates. The median follow-up was 45.9 months, 3-year OS (88.3% vs. 92.1%, P=0.276) and LRR (5.7% vs. 2.8%, P=0.172) rates were comparable between LPLN-positive and LPLN-negative groups. Meanwhile, despite no statistical difference, 3-year PFS (78.8% vs. 85.9%, P=0.065) and DM (20.4% vs. 13.3%, P=0.061) rates slightly differed between the groups. 45 patients were diagnosed with DM, 11 (39.3%) LPLN-positive and 3 (17.6%) LPLN-negative patients were diagnosed with oligometastases (P=0.109).
Conclusions: Our study indicates that for LPLN-positive patients, there is a tendency of worse PFS and DM than LPLN-negative patients, and for this group patients, large samples are needed to further confirm our conclusion.
The transcription factor XBP1 regulates mitochondrial remodel in spontaneous abortion
Authors: He Weihua , Zhao Yating , Yin Lijun , Du Qiangxing , Ren Wenfen , Mao Liwei , Liu Aixia , Wang Dimin , Qian Jianhua
Published: November 2023

Background: Spontaneous abortion (SA) is a clinical dilemma during early pregnancy. It has reported that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was associated with increased incidence of SA. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated.
Results: ERS related proteins, including GRP78, p-eIF2a, CHOP and XBP1s, were increased in DSCs under endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS-DSCs). Meanwhile, the inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis were revealed to be enhanced in ERS-DSCs. Interestingly, loss of XBP1 reduced the inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in ERS-DSCs. Mechanismly, XBP1s coupled with the promoter of a ubiquitin E3 ligase tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). TRAF6 expression was suppressed in ERS-DSCs post treatment with shXBP1, which was accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. TRAF6 induced mitochondrial dysfunction in ERS-DSCs by suppressing the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), thereby enhancing ROS levels, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Moreover, Overexpression of mTORC2 abrogated TRAF6-induced ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis, which involved in the activation of Akt/FoxO1 signaling.
Conclusions: Theses resuluts demonstrated that Loss of XBP1 mediated mitochondrial remodel by regulating TRAF6/mTORC2 signaling pathway plays a critical role in the preservation of DSCs during early pregnancy, which provides novel insights into the pathological mechanism of SA and potential therapeutic targets for SA.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnS nanoparticle doped Eu 3+ ions prepared by sol-gel method in silica glass matrix
Authors: Puia Lalruat , Dawngliana KMS , Fanai A. L.
Published: November 2023

We report here the synthesis of silica glass-ceramic doped ZnS nanoparticle in Eu3+ ions by sol-gel method, as well as their structural characterization and spectroscopic analyses. The density, refractive index and various physical properties were calculated. The formation of the blende structure and a hexagonal polycrystalline phase of ZnS is confirmed by studies using selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Analysis using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed that the particles' sizes vary from 10 to 50 nm. FTIR were used to examine the structural characteristics of prepared glass samples at specific annealing temperatures. The band gap energy of as-synthesized doped ZnS glass-ceramic was 3.49 eV compared to bulk value (3.60 eV) with a pure green emission. Through photoluminescence (PL) spectra, the impact of ZnS nanoparticle on glass doped with Eu3+ ions were investigated. The CIE colour chromaticity and CCT reveals that the studied glass can be used for producing white light for commercial lighting purposes.
Analysis of Extreme Rainfall and Landslides in the Metropolitan Region of the Paraiba Valley and North Coast of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Cesar , Marengo José Antônio , Lemes Murilo Ruv
Published: November 2023

Hydrological and geological disasters triggered by heavy rainfall led to major social, and economic impacts and loss of human lives. This scenario may be worsening due to climate change and the increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events. Intense rainfall represents the hazard in terms of risk. This hazard, combined with the vulnerability and exposure of populations and the places where they live, determines the risk of disasters. Thus, our objective is to analyze the climatology and trends of extreme rainfall in the Metropolitan Region of the Paraiba Valley and North Coast of Sao Paulo (RMVPLN). The results indicate that there is an increase in frequency and intense rainfall indicators, mainly on the coast of São Paulo, resulting from positive anomalies of moisture transport and ocean winds, influenced by intense South Atlantic Subtropical High. This region is the most susceptible to the occurrence of landslides triggered by extreme rainfall as they are concentrated in areas that combine deforested areas, high slope topography, and excessive anthropic intervention. The presence of the mountainous regions increases the risk that an extreme rainfall event could trigger landslides, affecting local infrastructure and exposing the vulnerability of populations in these risk areas.
EB-YOLOX:A Balanced One-Stage Object Detection Model Concentrating on Global Features
Authors: Wang Yaozheng , Wang Kehan , Liu Zhiyong , Luo Guoqian
Published: November 2023

With the increasing complexity of objects and the limitation of hardware resources, it is crucial to design object detection models that are both highly effective and efficient. Although YOLOX, as a leading object detector, strikes a good balance between the number of parameters and performance, it still has some design weaknesses. These include constraints in Bottleneck extracted features, insufficient feature fusion and information loss in FPN (Feature Pyramid Networks), and an uneven trade-off between performance and efficiency in the detection head. These limitations affect the equilibrium between the number of parameters and model performance. To address these issues, this paper presents an object detection model known as EB-YOLOX (Emphasized Balance YOLOX), which incorporates three key elements: Multidirectional Feature Extraction Bottleneck, Decoupled bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network, and Efficient Decoupling head network. With these components, EB-YOLOX effectively tackles model performance challenges and undergoes a comprehensive evaluation on the MS COCO dataset. Experimental results indicate that EB-YOLOX outperforms YOLOX-S by 1.8% in Average Precision (AP) and achieves significant performance improvements across various scenarios, highlighting its excellent balance between the number of parameters and performance.
The Significance of Combined Detection of Ultrasonography, Pediatric Appendicitis Score and C-reactive Protein in the Diagnosis and Pathological type of Acute Appendicitis in Children
Authors: Hu Hai , Lin Minghui , Li Wei , Chen Jiabo , Su Cheng , Li Jinhong , Huang Jianyuan , Lou Yige
Published: November 2023

Background: As one of the most common diseases of acute abdomen, early diagnosis of acute appendicitis remains a vital issue. This study aims to explore the value of combined ultrasonography, Pediatric Appendicitis Score and C-reactive protein in the diagnosis and pathological types of appendicitis in children.
Method: A total of 268 children with acute abdominal pain admitted to our center between January 2017 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into group acute appendicitis and group non-acute appendicitis based on the surgical findings and pathological findings. Group acute appendicitis was further divided into three groups based on the types of pathology, group simple appendicitis, group suppurative appendicitis and group gangrenous appendicitis.
Results: Pediatric Appendicitis Score and level of C-reactive protein in group acute appendicitis were higher than group non-acute appendicitis (P < 0.05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of Pediatric Appendicitis Score, C-reactive protein and ultrasonography for acute appendicitis were 0.871, 0.777 and 0.897, respectively (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and negative predictive value of ultrasonography combined with Pediatric Appendicitis Score and C-reactive protein in diagnosing acute appendicitis were higher than ultrasonography and CRP, while the specificity and positive predictive value were lower (P＜0.05). The C-reactive protein in the acute complicated appendicitis was significantly higher than simple appendicitis, and the areas under the ROC curve of C-reactive protein and ultrasonography in diagnosing acute complicated appendicitis were 0.814(0.762-0.867) and 0.861(0.812-0.909). The sensitivity of ultrasonography combined with C-reactive protein in diagnosing acute complicated appendicitis was 98.21%, which was significantly higher than that of ultrasonography and CRP alone (P＜0.05). The sensibilities of ultrasonography for different pathological types of appendicitis were 78.95% for acute simple appendicitis, 81.97% for acute suppurative appendicitis and 92.16% for acute gangrenous appendicitis. The diagnostic results of ultrasonography for different pathological types of appendicitis in children were consistent with those of pathological examination (Kappa=0.888; P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The combination of ultrasonography, Pediatric Appendicitis Score and C-reactive protein detection is helpful to the accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis, and ultrasonography combined with CRP may contribute to diagnosing pathological type of appendicitis in children, providing important evidence for clinical diagnosis.
Application of Robustness Analysis in Rural Poverty-Stricken Family Return-to-Poverty Risk Warning
Authors: Tang Yungang , Lei Gang , Wu Ye
Published: November 2023

Measuring and warning the risk of returning to poverty in rural poverty-stricken families is a crucial means to prevent and reduce poverty relapse, and it is also an important indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of poverty alleviation policies. The robustness analysis method is applied to the measurement and warning mechanism construction of the return-to-poverty risk in rural poverty-stricken families. This method is an optimization decision-making approach under conditions of uncertainty. It can ensure that the optimization results satisfy the constraints within a certain range without the need to know the distribution of uncertain parameters or membership functions. Based on the 2020 China Family Tracking Survey data, a comprehensive indicator system is constructed, encompassing both external risks and internal capabilities. The robustness analysis method is then used to calculate the return-to-poverty risk levels of 4,477 rural poverty-stricken households. Four warning levels are defined based on the results, and corresponding warning measures are proposed. The research reveals that the return-to-poverty risk of rural poverty-stricken families follows a right-skewed distribution with significant variations and hierarchies. Rural poverty-stricken families' return-to-poverty risk is influenced by various factors, including external shocks, economic fluctuations, living conditions, and human and social aspects, with inherent connections among these factors. Differentiated and personalized assistance services, including preventive, responsive, and restorative measures, are needed for rural poverty-stricken families of different warning levels, types, or groups. This study provides a new perspective and tool for preventing and reducing the return to poverty in rural poverty-stricken families.
Clinical outcomes of second-line therapy following disease progression on first-line modified FOLFIRINOX for borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yoon Hyunseok , Shin Yeokyeong , Ryoo Baek-Yeol , Jeong Hyehyun , Park Inkeun , Seo Dong-Wan , Lee Sang Soo , Park Do Hyun , Song Tae Jun , Oh Dongwook , Hwang Dae Wook , Lee Jae Hoon , Song Ki Byung , Park Yejong , Kwak Bong Jun , Hong Seung-Mo , Park Jin-hong , Kim Song Cheol , Kim Kyu-pyo , Yoo Changhoon
Published: November 2023

Purpose Modified FOLFIRINOX (mFOLFIRINOX) is one of the standard first-line therapies in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) and locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer (LAPC). However, there is no globally accepted second-line therapy following progression on mFOLFIRINOX. Methods Patients with BRPC and LAPC (n = 647) treated with first-line mFOLFIRINOX between January 2017 and December 2020 were included in this single-center retrospective analysis. The details of the treatment outcomes and patterns of subsequent therapy after mFOLFIRINOX were reviewed. Results With a median follow-up duration of 44.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 42.3–47.6), 322 patients exhibited disease progression on mFOLFIRINOX—locoregional progression only in 177 patients (55.0%) and distant metastasis in 145 patients (45.0%). The locoregional progression group demonstrated significantly longer post-progression survival (PPS) than that of the distant metastasis group (10.1 vs. 7.3 months, p = 0.002). In the locoregional progression group, survival outcomes did not differ between second-line chemoradiation/radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy (progression-free survival with second-line therapy [PFS-2], 3.2 vs. 4.3 months; p = 0.649; PPS, 10.7 vs. 10.2 months; p = 0.791). In patients who received second-line systemic chemotherapy following progression on mFOLFIRINOX (n = 211), gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel was associated with better disease control rates (69.2% vs. 42.3%, p = 0.005) and PFS-2 (3.8 vs. 1.7 months, p = 0.035) than gemcitabine monotherapy. Conclusions The current study showed the real-world practice pattern of subsequent therapy and key clinical outcomes following progression on first-line mFOLFIRINOX in BRPC and LAPC. Further investigation is necessary to establish the optimal therapy after failure of mFOLFIRINOX.
A comparative study of the effect of facet tropism on the index-level kinematics and biomechanics after artificial cervical disc replacement (ACDR) with Prestige LP, Prodisc-C vivo, and Mobi- C: a finite element study
Authors: Li Jing , Li Ye , Zhang Junqi , Wang Beiyu , Huang Kangkang , Liu Hao , Rong Xin
Published: November 2023

Introduction Artificial cervical disc replacement (ACDR) is a widely accepted surgical procedure in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy. However, some research suggests that ACDR may redistribute more load onto the facet joints, potentially leading to postoperative axial pain in certain patients. Earlier studies have indicated that facet tropism is prevalent in the lower cervical spine and can significantly increase facet joint pressure. The present study aims to investigate the changes in the biomechanical environment of the cervical spine after ACDR using different prosthese when facet tropism is present.Methods A C2-C7 cervical spine finite element model was created. Symmetrical, moderate asymmetrical (7 degrees tropism), and severe asymmetrical (14 degrees tropism) models were created at the C5/C6 level. C5/C6 ACDR with Prestige LP, Prodisc-C vivo, and Mobi-C were simulated in all models. A 75 N follower load and 1 N⋅m moment was applied to initiate flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, and the range of motions (ROMs), facet contact forces(FCFs), and facet capsule stress were recorded.Results In the presence of facet tropism, all ACDR models exhibited significantly higher FCFs and facet capsule stress compared to the intact model. In the asymmetric model, FCFs on the right side were significantly increased in neutral position, extension, left bending and right rotation, and on both sides in right bending and left rotation compared to the symmetric model. All ACDR model in the presence of facet tropism, exhibited significantly higher facet capsule stresses at all positions compared to the symmetric model. The stress distribution on the facet surface and the capsule ligament in the asymmetrical models was different from that in the symmetrical model.Conclusions The existence of facet tropism could considerably increase FCFs and facet capsule stress after ACDR with Prestige-LP, Prodisc-C Vivo, and Mobi-C. None of the three different designs of implants were able to effectively protect the facet joints in the presence of facet tropism. Research into designing new implants may be needed to improve this situation. More attention should be paid to facet tropism when planning surgery and selecting implants.
Quality of routine data related to facility-based maternal mortality measurement in Kampala City, Uganda
Authors: Birabwa Catherine , Banke-Thomas Aduragbemi , Semaan Aline , Olmen Josefien van , Kananura Rornald Muhumuza , Arinaitwe Emma Sam , Waiswa Peter , Beňová Lenka
Published: November 2023

Background
Routine health facility data are an important source of health information. Regular quality assessments are necessary to improve the reliability of routine data for different purposes, including estimating facility-based maternal mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of routine data on deliveries, livebirths and maternal deaths in Kampala City, Uganda.
Methods
We reviewed routine data reported by health facilities through the district health information system (DHIS2) from 2016 to 2021. This time period included an upgrade of the DHIS2 resulting in two datasets (2016–2019 and 2020–2021) that were managed separately. We analysed data for all facilities that reported at least one delivery in any of the six years, and for a subset of facilities designated to provide emergency obstetric care (EmOC). We used the World Health Organization data quality review framework to assess completeness and internal consistency of the three data elements, using 2019 and 2021 as reference years. Primary data was collected to verify the accuracy of reporting in four purposively selected EmOC facilities. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were computed using STATA (v14) and Microsoft Excel.
Results
We included 255 facilities from 2016–2019 and 247 from 2020–2021; of which 30% were EmOC facilities. The overall completeness of data for deliveries and livebirths ranged between 53% and 55%, and was < 2% for maternal deaths (98% of monthly values were zero). Among EmOC facilities, completeness was higher for deliveries and livebirths at 80%; and was < 6% for maternal deaths. For the whole sample, the prevalence of outliers for all three data elements was < 2%. Inconsistencies over time were mostly observed for maternal deaths, and underreporting of maternal deaths was noted in one of the EmOC facilities verified.
Conclusion
Routine data from facilities providing childbirth services in Kampala were generally suboptimal, but of acceptable quality in EmOC facilities. However, given likely underreporting of maternal deaths, further efforts to verify and count all maternal deaths in health facilities are essential to accurately estimate facility-based maternal mortality. There is still a need to improve facility reporting, especially in non-EmOC facilities.
Integrating Superexcels Modules to Instructional Supervision for Teaching Competency Enhancement
Authors: Dalumpines Rey Mangaron
Published: November 2023

This action research employed mixed methods. The researcher employed purposive sampling in the data gathering to measure the efficiency of the intervention basing mainly on the judgment of the researcher during the selection of samples to focus on the specific indicators or criteria as perceived in the conduct of the study. The researcher employed an adapted and modified research questionnaire to 20 teacher-respondents to gather their perceptions on the implementation of the instructional approaches across quarters through the SUPEReXCELS. The research design was quasi – experimental since not all elements in an experimental phase were strictly observed. The teaching competence of the teachers in Camanga National High School was assessed and analyzed and was identified according to their levels of abstraction and commitment through Developmental Supervision and Administrative Monitoring each has been implemented for 2 quarters to assess its efficiency on their competence in teaching. The test of significant difference between the levels of improvement during the first and second implementation of developmental supervision showed a computed t value at 16 df is 0.324 which is greater than the p-value at 5% level of significance while the test of significant difference between the levels of improvement during the third and fourth implementation of administrative monitoring showed computed t value at 16 df is 0.453 which is greater than the p-value at 5% level of significance. Results of the study showed that the integration of the SUPEReXCELS module to instructional supervision yielded to have high impact on teachers’ teaching competence, respectively.
Pojmovnost fundamentalne ontologije i problem egzistencijala
Authors: Popović Una
Published: November 2023

Članak je posvećen razmatranju svojstvenosti pojmovnosti fundamentalne ontologije, koja će biti predstavljena na primjeru egzistencijala, kao za nju karakterističnog tipa pojmova. Analiza, najprije, pokazuje smisao i ulogu egzistencijala u vezi s osnovnim postavkama fundamentalne ontologije, te Heideggerovu kritiku kategorija. Potom se u drugom dijelu članka pojmovni karakter egzistencijala razmatra kroz njihove pojmovne odnose i na primjeru pojma svijeta. Analiza u članku polazi od ranih Heideggerovih stavova o odnosu filozofskog mišljenja i jezika, po kojima jezik filozofije izrasta iz načina misaonog držanja određenog mislioca i upućuje na to misaono držanje.
Računalna etika – osnovni problemi i pitanje njezinog utemeljenja
Authors: Sadžakov Slobodan
Published: November 2023

U članku smo nastojali razmotriti neke od osnovnih tema računalne etike, kao i karakteristike i određene probleme njezinog konstituiranja kao discipline. Jedno od važnih pitanja koje je analizirano odnosi se na problem pristupa (metode) čitavom nizu novih fenomena koje je donijela šira primjena računalne tehnologije. Pored ostalog, ukazano je na potrebu uvažavanja etičkog nasljeđa i pristupa – kao osnove potpunijeg sagledavanja brojnih pitanja koje je ova tehnologija stvorila. U drugom dijelu rada, razmotrili smo teme kao što su zaštita privatnosti, moralno dostojanstvo, diskriminacija, hakiranje, prava vlasništva te utjecaj računalne tehnologije na moderno obrazovanje.
Cytotoxic Phytochemicals from Mushrooms as Potential Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Manjusha Kondepudi Gana , Saxena Pal Rashmi , Ravindra Babu Malakapogu
Published: November 2023

Cancer is a collective term for a group of deadly diseases that can affect and
spread to various parts of the body. The main feature of cancer is the uncontrolled
growth of cells due to a defect in the genes that control normal cell division and
growth. As per the latest statistics, cancer is the second-leading cause of death globally,
and almost 70% of these deaths are reported in low- and middle-income countries.
Chemotherapy and irradiation are the most common cancer treatments; however, the
development of resistance and severe side effects are the stumbling blocks of these
methods. Hence, current research has focused more on developing novel drug leads
from new sources like algae and fungi. Fungi, such as mushrooms, are an inexhaustible
source of various anticancer biomolecules, and the 21st century saw a staggering
interest in the anticancer potential of mushrooms among the western exploration clique.
Their cellular and humoral immunity-boosting properties have made them better
candidates for anticancer drug discovery. The mushrooms attributed with cytotoxic
potential belong to various genera like Vargenus Agrocybe, Amanita, Antrodia,
Agaricus, Albatrellus Conocybe, Clitocybe, Cordyceps, Clavatia, Flammulina, Funlia,
Fomes, Galerina, Gymnopilus, Ganoderma, Hypholoma, Inonotus, Inocybe, Lentinula,
Lactarius, Panaeolus, Psilocybe, Plerurotus, Pholiotina, Pluteus, Russula, Suillus,
Schizophyllum, Trametes, Xerocomus, and Weraroa. Hence, the current chapter
focuses on the botanical description, phytochemistry, mechanism of action, and clinical
status of various vital mushrooms acting as essential libraries of anticancer drug leads.
Terpenoids A Potential Scaffold for Cancer Therapy: A Mechanistic Approach
Authors: Tripathi Surya Kant , Biswal Stuti , Panda Munmun , Biswal Bijesh Kumar
Published: November 2023

Cancer remains the most devastating disease that threatens public health with increasing incidence year by year worldwide. The anti-cancer property of naturally derived compounds appears to be a promising approach in cancer therapy. Terpenoids, generally known as terpenes, belong to the most abundant secondary metabolites class and extensively occur in various medicinal plants, fruits, and vegetables. Most of the terpenoids are non-toxic in nature and a ubiquitous part of the human diet. To date, approximately 50,000 terpenoids have been known in nature, and most of them have their use in traditional as well as modern medicinal systems. Based on the number of cyclic structures, terpenoids have been classified into eight main classes such as hemiterpenoids, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, sesterterpenoids, triterpenoids, tetraterpenoids, and polyterpenoids. Terpenoids have shown several biological and pharmaceutical significances, including anticancer activity. The literature study revealed that terpenoids exhibit anticancer activity against various human cancers via inhibiting the initiation and progression of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. In addition, many terpenoids inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis which promote apoptosis of various cancer cells via inhibiting various deregulated oncogenic intracellular signaling pathways. Moreover, the pre-clinical anticancer efficacy of terpenoids supports their clinical application as an anticancer therapeutic. This chapter attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements and mechanistic progress on terpenoids as cancer therapeutic
Cytotoxic Phytochemical library of Rosmarinus Officinalis
Authors: Engels S.E. Maida , Naga Lalitha Chaitanya Motamarri Venkata , Priya Muthaiah Gnana Ruba , Uma Kuppuswamy , Saxena Pal Rashmi
Published: November 2023

Globally, the prevalence of cancer has escalated at an alarming rate, and it
has become a major health problem. The World Health Organization reported that one
in six deaths is due to cancer. Despite the advantages of current chemotherapy
available for cancer treatment, the development of resistance and severe side effects
continuously insist cancer research focus on the discovery of new entities, especially
from natural sources. In the last few decades, varieties of dietary herbs have been
explored for their cytotoxic potential. Rosmarinus officinalis, a well-known culinary
herb commonly known as rosemary, is not only used to enhance the flavour but also
possesses medicinal values. The Rosmarinus officinalis plant extract and its essential
oil are packed with different phenolic acids and terpenoids. Rosmarinus officinalis has
anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, protective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant
properties, according to several in vitro and in vivo studies. The antitumor activity of
Rosmarinus officinalis is correlated with different molecular mechanisms such as
reactive oxygen species scavenging, the on-co-suppressor gene expression, apoptosis,
and immunomodulatory response regulation. So this chapter mainly focuses on the
cytotoxic activities of Rosmarinus officinalis and the molecular mechanisms
responsible for their anticancer activities. Also, possibilities of utilising the extracts,
essential oils, and phytochemicals of Rosmarinus officinalis as potential therapeutic
agents or complementary therapies with chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment
have been discussed. 
Cannabis in the Treatment of Various Cancers and its Current Global Scenario
Authors: Patil Swati , Mulik Mandar
Published: November 2023

Cannabis has been used as a drug for centuries, possibly much longer before
it was recognised as an illegal substance. The prime psychoactive property is marked
on the 9-THC compound. The cannabinoids replicate the action of endocannabinoids
by stimulating receptors in the central nervous system and lymphatic system via
diligent CB1 and CB2, respectively. Cannabinoids, on the other hand, are well known
for their dependency, which is less severe than that of other drugs that can be abused.
Cannabis' anti-tumor and anti-cancer potential was only discovered at the turn of the
twentieth century. Cannabis consumption has been reported to benefit patients with
cancer by suppressing nausea, curbing vomiting, elevating appetite, alleviating pain,
and pacifying anxiety. Studies envisage that the up-regulation of CB receptors and their
associated endogenous ligands correlates with the suppression of tumours. Patients
have found cannabis to be effective in reducing side effects and relieving pain when
used in conjunction with chemotherapy. Though cannabis prescription is restricted
under federal laws in many countries, its lucrative efficacy profile has pushed
regulators to reconsider its use in medical causes such as cancer. This chapter is an
attempt to emphasise the biological role of cannabis in cancer pathophysiology