bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beneficial Bacteria Associated With Silica Nanoparticles for Growth Promotion of Paspalum notatum
Authors: de Moraes Amanda Carolina Prado , Kingsley Kathryn Louise , Ribeiro Lucas da Silva , Vigna Bianca Baccili Zanotto , Camargo Emerson Rodrigues de , White James Francis , Fávero Alessandra Pereira , Lacava Paulo Teixeira
Published: November 2024

Plant growth–promoting bacteria (PGPB) can play an essential role as biofertilizers to increase pasture efficiency and reduce the application of agrochemicals. Plant growth can be potentialized when these bacteria are combined with silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of PGPB associated with SiNPs on the growth of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) seedlings. The PGPB were isolated from rhizospheric soils and leaves of Paspalum spp. grown in the tropical high‐altitude region of Brazil and selected by their ability to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate, and synthesize indoleacetic acid (IAA). They were identified as Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter asburiae, and Serratia marcescens by 16S rDNA sequencing. Spherical SiNPs (85 nm in diameter) were synthesized by the hydrolysis of the silicon precursor tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), characterized by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and applied at 5% (0.05 mg·mL−1) and 10% (0.1 mg·mL−1) concentrations. Disinfected P. notatum seeds were treated with PGPB, SiNPs, and PGPB + SiNPs and cultivated in magenta boxes containing peat, sand, and perlite. The seedlings were evaluated for their germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight. Disinfected seeds subjected to the same treatments were also grown in Petri dishes containing 0.7% agarose. The roots of the seedlings in Petri dishes were stained with diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) and visualized using a light microscope to confirm bacterial colonization. The three strains without SiNPs promoted the growth of P. notatum seedlings. S. marcescens treatment presented the greatest shoot length, and both concentrations of nanosilica with PGPB improved or maintained root lengths. Treatments of S. marcescens and E. asburiae with 10% SiNPs showed 100% seed germination. Seedlings inoculated with 10% SiNPs with S. marcescens and E. asburiae alone showed the highest shoot dry weight, and all treatments increased root dry weight compared to the control. The 10% SiNPs’ concentration inoculated with S. marcescens and A. faecalis positively affected P. notatum seedlings’ growth. This study suggests that nanosilica can be applied with PGPB to improve the development of bahiagrass and reduce the need for applications of agrochemicals.
BiFormer Attention‐Guided Multiscale Fusion Mask2former Networks for Fish Abnormal Behavior Recognition and Segmentation
Authors: Liu Jihang , Hu Zeyuan , Zhang Yixi , Li Yinjia , Yang Jinsong , Yu Hong
Published: November 2024

To address the issues of accurately identifying and tracking individual fish abnormal behaviors and poor adaptability in the aquaculture field, this paper proposes a Mask2former model combined with a bidirectional routing attention mechanism (BiFormer) and a multiscale dilated attention (MSDA) module for fish abnormal behavior recognition and segmentation. To compensate for the lack of publicly available datasets on fish abnormal behavior, we created the “FISH_segmentation_2023” abnormal behavior dataset, which includes four types of fish behaviors. First, by introducing the BiFormer attention mechanism, the model can better capture critical temporal and spatial information in image sequences, significantly enhancing feature representation. Second, after processing the feature maps with the pixel decoder, the MSDA module is introduced to perform multiscale fusion on these features. The fused features are then passed to the transformer decoder, further enhancing the model’s ability to recognize fish abnormal behaviors. Finally, to further improve model performance and address class imbalance issues in the dataset, we designed a composite loss function combining focal loss and dice loss (FD loss). This loss function can balance the influence of easy and difficult‐to‐classify samples while optimizing segmentation performance, thereby improving the model’s recognition accuracy and mean intersection over union (mIoU) metrics. Experimental results show that the BiFormer multiscale dilated attention FD loss (BMF)‐Mask2former model exhibits high performance, achieving average intersection over union (IoU), accuracy, and recall values of 92.33%, 95.63%, and 94.82%, respectively, on the self‐built FISH_segmentation_2023 dataset, representing improvements of 6.10%, 4.50%, and 5.09%, respectively, compared to the Mask2former model. The study demonstrates that the proposed model can accurately capture both local and contextual features of fish abnormal behaviors through multiscale fusion methods, resulting in high‐quality segmentation outcomes.
Knowledge Mapping of Aspergillus‐Related Research in Respiratory Medicine: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on English‐Language Articles Spanning 1975 to 2022
Authors: Jiang Fan , Li Xuemei , Qiao Qing , Zhang Ge , Zhang Yanmei , Su Lin
Published: November 2024

Background: Aspergillus has become the second most common causative agent of invasive fungal infections and is the leading cause of death from fungal infections.

Methods: English‐language publications ranging from 1975 to 2022 collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database were analyzed visually using VOSviewer, R package Bibliometrix, Scimago graphic, Gephi, Pajek, and Microsoft Excel 365. Literature search using the advanced search function in WoSCC with the search formula “TS=(Aspergillus).” The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) article type = article; (2) time span = 1975–2022; (3) topic = “Medical Mycology”; (4) research field = “Respiratory System, Internal Medicine”; (5) language type = English.

Results: As of February 21, 2023, studies of Aspergillus in respiratory medicine included 1065 articles with 41,308 cumulative citations. The United States ranked first in terms of the highest number of publications (n = 320). Udice French Research University was the institution with the highest number of publications (n = 40). The author with the highest number of publications was Denning (n = 32). Based on the CiteSpace analysis result, the keywords with the nature of a Burst Citation were “epidemiology,” “chronic pulmonary aspergillosis,” “galactomannan,” “guideline,” “sensitization,” and “randomized trail.” Besides the keywords, it was found that as of 2022, only the topics “allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis” and “invasive pulmonary aspergillosis” are still active with a large number of papers published, according to the results of the CiteSpace analysis of the cited literature.

Conclusions: The bibliometric results indicated the current hot research hotspots of Aspergillus were as follows: (1) research directly related to Aspergillus (epidemiology, risk factors, early diagnosis methods, and methods of novel antifungal treatment, e.g., galactomannan); (2) studying coinfections of Aspergillus with other pathogens: For example, COVID‐19 could focus on studying the immune status of patients with COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) to guide individualized immunotherapy and individualized management of patients with CAPA.
Improving Power Quality of a Hybrid Grid‐Connected Photovoltaic–Wind Microgrid Using Shunt Active Power Filter and Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator
Authors: Akbari Ehsan , Zare Ghaleh Seyyedi Abbas
Published: November 2024

Unbalanced voltage and harmonics are major challenges in a microgrid. Single‐ and two‐phase loads and short circuit can make unbalanced voltage. Besides, nonlinear loads create harmonic components in the grid. Thus, compensating both of the unbalanced voltage and harmonic distortion is necessary. Otherwise, they could cause low power quality, resonance, and stability issues. The present paper suggests a combination of distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) and shunt active power filter (SAPF) to address the unbalanced voltage and harmonic pollution in hybrid grid‐connected microgrid. A four‐wire distributed static synchronous compensator has been adopted to deal with the negative‐ and zero‐sequence components of the microgrid, extracting these components by using second‐order generalized integrator (SOGI). To solve the harmonic issue, a SAPF is presented to dynamic compensation of grid current and voltage harmonic components in addition to DSTATCOM. The SAPF relies on estimating the fundamental frequency positive‐sequence component (FFPSC) of the load current by applying the second‐order sequence filter (SOSF). Since combining the reference signals of voltage balancer and harmonic eliminating at one controller is impossible, two independent devices are presented. Although both of the equipment have a same conception, their control and operation are different. So, simultaneous incorporation of distributed static synchronous compensator and SAPF for mitigating the unbalancing and distortion in the grid‐connected microgrid based on hybrid solar and wind power is the work’s novelty. Some merits of this scheme include simple structure, fast real‐time controller, low computational burden, and more effective operation. Robustness and effectiveness of such very simple scheme are evaluated by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Simulation report demonstrates that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid voltage and current decrease well under 1.44% and 2.33%, respectively. Meanwhile, the voltage unbalance factor (VUF) of negative and zero sequence of grid voltage reduces to 1.1% and 0%, respectively.
High‐Risk Analysis of Vertebral Compression Fractures With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Site‐Specific Volumetric Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Liu Ying , Gao Lei , Li Min , Zhang Wei , Wang Yan , Zhao Jian
Published: November 2024

Aims: To explore the distribution of site‐specific volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and analyze the mechanism of vertebral compression fractures with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects using quantitative computed tomography (QCT).

Materials and Methods: 304 postmenopausal women without T2DM and 274 postmenopausal women with T2DM underwent QCT scan, and all divided into three age subgroups. L1 vertebra was segmented into nine zones based on the corresponding position to the human body.

Results: Whether in the T2DM or non‐T2DM of each age group, from the ventral to the dorsal side of L1 vertebra, the posterior third zones were the highest, and from the head to the foot of L1 vertebra, the middle third zones were the highest (p < 0.05). Global and most zonal vBMDs of T2DM were higher than those of non‐T2DM in the age group of 50–59 years old, vBMD‐mp of T2DM was higher in the age group of 60‐59 years old, and vBMD‐mm of T2DM was higher in the age group of 70–80 years old (p < 0.05). Zonal vBMDs in T2DM were higher than non‐T2DM and the difference decreases with age especially in the upper third of L1 vertebra and the lower third of L1 vertebra.

Conclusions: Vertebral compression fractures and the confusion between T2DM and vBMD may be all caused by the heterogeneous distribution of vBMDs. The higher risk of T2DM with vertebral compression fractures may be associated with the different loss rate of global and site‐specific vBMD, independent of vBMD itself.
Application of Heuristic Methods for Polymer Synthesis Process Optimization
Authors: Miftakhov Eldar , Mustafina Svetlana , Akimov Andrey
Published: November 2024

A numerical algorithm has been developed for solving the problem of finding optimal conditions for the synthesis of polymers using heuristic optimization methods, and its effectiveness has been evaluated in the investigation of the copolymerization process of butadiene with styrene, proceeding via a free‐radical mechanism. To address the task of finding optimal synthesis conditions, a genetic algorithm has been proposed, and the main stages of its implementation using software development tools have been defined. For the mathematical description of the process, a kinetic approach based on the use of statistical moments of the molecular mass distribution has been employed, allowing for the derivation of a classical model description of the process in the form of a system of differential equations. Application of the genetic algorithm to this process has enabled the identification of the optimal regulator feeding regime, facilitating the attainment of the desired molecular product characteristics. The proposed algorithm is versatile, allowing for the search of one or multiple system parameters in both continuous and discrete variable sets, characteristic of optimizing technological parameters in industrial production.
A Conversion Formula for One Kind Fourth Power Mean of Kloosterman Sums and the Character Sums Module p
Authors: Ning Shushu , Wang Xuexia
Published: November 2024

The primary contribution of this paper is to research one kind special Kloosterman sums using analytic method. We translate one kind fourth power mean of the Kloosterman sums into the character sums of one kind polynomials. It is possible to construct an exact formula for the fourth power mean of one kind Kloosterman sums by computing the character sums of the polynomials. The paper is novel because of its proof and conversion strategies.
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Multivariate Analysis of Four Moroccan Essential Oils: Mentha piperita, Mentha pulegium, Thymus serpyllum, and Thymus zygis
Authors: El Maimouni Mohamed Amine , El Amrani Soukaina , Fadil Mouhcine , Menyiy Naoual , Bouslamti Rabia , Annemer Saoussan , Lairini Sanae , El Ouali Lalami Abdelhakim
Published: November 2024

Background: Food chemical antioxidants have demonstrated protective effects against reactive oxygen species and free radicals, but present in excess, harmful consequences might occur on health. Therefore, replacing these synthetic additives with nontoxic natural antioxidants is crucial.

Objective: The current study examined aroma profile, antioxidant activity, and multivariate analysis of Mentha piperita, Mentha pulegium, Thymus serpyllum, and Thymus zygis essential oils from Morocco.

Methods: GC‐MS analysis was carried out to determine the chemical composition of the four oils, and their antioxidant activity was evaluated with 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), cation radical (ABTS+), hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity (H2O2), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) methods.

Results: Isomintlactone (35.55%), pulegone (74.04%), borneol (37.87%), and borneol (30.99%) were the most abundant compounds of M. piperita, M. pulegium, T. serpyllum, and T. zygis EOs. The antioxidant activity of the four EOs was particularly notable, with an IC50 varying between 3.51 ± 0.22 mg/mL and 0.49 ± 0.08 mg/mL by the DPPH method, 1.02 ± 0.21 mg/mL and 0.4 ± 0.7 mg/mL by the ABTS method, and 0.063 ± 0.01 mg/mL and 0.009 ± 0.008 mg/mL by the H2O2 method. For the FRAP technique, the EC50 was between 0.42 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 0.09 ± 0.01 mg/mL. Finally, the equivalent concentration of ascorbic acid ranged between 10.42 ± 0.03 mg AAs/mL for M. piperita and 7.25 ± 0.19 mg AAs/mL for T. serpyllum. As determined by multivariate analysis, antioxidant activities through the DPPH, ABTS, TAC, and FRAP were mainly influenced the major compounds of M. pulegium and M. piperita EOs. However, the H2O2 method showed a stronger positive correlation with major compounds of T. zygis EO.

Conclusion: The EOs derived from M. piperita, M. pulegium, T. serpyllum, and T. zygis species might be exploited as a natural source for antioxidant activity.
Study on the Stability of Adjoining Rock of Lower Roadway in Close Distance Coal Seam Mining
Authors: Zhang Jie , Jia Zixuan , Yang Tao , Gao Shoushi , Wu Jianjun , Wu Haohao , Sun Jiarui , Luo Pengkun , Deng Jiayue
Published: November 2024

To address the issue of mutual disturbance between coal seams in close‐proximity coal seam mining, this study examines the opposite excavation of the 10,205 working face and the 20,203 mining roadway in the Longhua Coal Mine. By combining theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, we investigate the mechanical model of stress distribution on the upper working face floor and the changes in the surrounding rock stress environment of the lower coal seam roadway during relative excavation of close‐proximity coal seams. The results indicate that the interlayer distance and stagger distance between the upper and lower coal seams are the primary factors influencing the stress on the surrounding rock of the lower coal seam under opposite operation conditions. The stress environment of the lower coal seam roadway changes mainly with the advancement of the upper coal seam, dividing the roadway into four distinct stress zones: (1) Interlayer rock mass deformation stability zone, (2) mining dynamic pressure influence zone, (3) interlayer rock mass deformation deceleration zone, and (4) small deformation zone of interlayer rock mass. Through numerical modeling and engineering measurements, the surrounding rock stress environment of the 20,203 mining roadway in the Longhua Coal Mine is analyzed. The findings reveal that, under the actual engineering conditions of the Longhua Coal Mine, the staggered distance of the upper working face ranges from 92.6 to 66.3 m, corresponding to the original rock stress stage. The range from 66.3 to 31.3 m represents the mining dynamic pressure influence area, while the range from 31.3 to −17.8 m corresponds to the goaf dynamic pressure influence area. The pressure unloading zone is located between −17.8 and −83.8 m in the upper working face.
Update on Cancer Screening in Children with Syndromes of Bone Lesions, Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome, and Other Rare Syndromes
Authors: Michaeli Orli , Kim Sun Young , Mitchell Sarah G. , Jongmans Marjolijn C.J. , Wasserman Jonathan D. , Perrino Melissa R. , Das Anirban , MacFarland Suzanne P. , Scollon Sarah R. , Greer Mary-Louise C. , Sobreira Nara , Gallinger Bailey , Lupo Philip J. , Malkin David , Schneider Kami Wolfe , Schultz Kris Ann P. , Foulkes William D. , Woodward Emma R. , Stewart Douglas R.
Published: November 2024

The management of children with syndromes associated with an increased risk of benign and malignant neoplasms is a complex challenge for health care professionals. The 2023 American Association for Cancer Research Childhood Cancer Predisposition Workshop provided updated consensus guidelines on cancer surveillance in these syndromes, aiming to improve early detection and intervention and reduce morbidity associated with such neoplasms. In this article, we review several of the rare conditions discussed in this workshop. Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome are enchondromatoses (disorders featuring benign bone lesions) with up to 50% risk of malignancy, including chondrosarcoma. These patients require surveillance with baseline whole-body MRI and routine monitoring of potential malignant transformation of bony lesions. Hereditary multiple osteochondromas carry a lower risk of chondrosarcoma (<6%) but still require lifelong surveillance and baseline imaging. Related syndromes of benign bone lesions are also described. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome, associated with fumarate hydratase pathogenic variants, is discussed in detail. Surveillance for renal cell carcinoma in pediatric age is recommended, as well as prompt intervention when a lesion is detected. Schinzel–Giedion syndrome and Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome are described for their associated malignancies and other complications, as well as expert consensus on the need for childhood cancer surveillance. Clinical recommendations, including imaging modalities and frequency of screenings, are proposed and are tailored to each syndrome's age-specific tumor risk profile. In all syndromes, patients and their families should be educated about the potential malignancy risk and advised to seek medical care for rapid growth of a mass, persistent pain, or other unexplained symptoms.
Table S4 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Patient Stage and Gleason Score
Figure S6 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

MALDI Images from EndoF3 digestion with 5 TMAs
Figure S5 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

MALDI Images from EndoF3 digestion
Figure S4 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

ROC data for N-glycan biomarkers
Figure S16 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Table of all detected ECM peptides following LCMS analysis
Figure S12 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Annotated LCMS spectra for COL1A1
Figure S11 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

PCA graphs from collagenase digestion
Figure 7 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Collagen/ECM MALDI-MSI data from full tissue samples (A) H&E-stained images of tissue from metastasis (MET) category and no recurrence (NED) category. Region where TMA was sampled is circled in black. Note that the MET tissue is the same H&E image used in Supplementary Fig. S8A, as N-glycans and collagenase peptides were detected sequentially on the same tissue slide. B, Corresponding MALDI-MSI images after digestion with COLaseIII from the two metastasis (MET) tissues (top) and the two no recurrence (NED) tissues (bottom). Corresponding m/z values for each image are shown to the right. C, Representative MALDI-MSI images from the metastasis (MET) TMA and no recurrence (NED) TMA of the same mass corresponding to full tissues. Note that the collagenase peptide image for m/z = 891.4323 is the same data image used in Fig. 5A for this ion.
Figure 5 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Collagen/ECM imaging data from TMAs comparing metastasis vs. no recurrence. A, Representative MALDI-MSI images of TMAs from metastasis (MET) category and no recurrence (NED) category. B, Segmentation analysis of 294 detected peptides. C, Volcano plot created from list of 294 detected peptides D, Heatmap of top 150 significantly different detected peptides. E, Box plot and ROC curve for 1179.5603 m/z. F, Box plot and ROC curve for 1426.6743 m/z. G, Box plot and ROC curve for 890.4250 m/z.
Figure 3 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Statistical analysis of detected N-glycans in each category of TMA. A, PCA score plot of all 152 N-glycans. B, PLS-DA plot and corresponding importance feature plot. C,t test plot of NED vs. MET with structures shown for the top 10 most significant peaks. D, Pattern search graph showing the top 25 peaks correlated with 2905.0368 (Hex8dHex1HexNAc7), m/z values of N-glycans with at least one or more fucose shown in red boxes. VIP, variable importance in projection.
A Brief Historic Review of Research on Early Life Stress and Inflammation across the Lifespan
Authors: Entringer Sonja , Heim Christine
Published: November 2024

Background: Extensive evidence from animal and human studies indicates that exposure to stress during sensitive developmental periods significantly increases the risk for psychiatric and physical disorders, resulting in reduced longevity. Chronic immune activation has been suggested as one pathway through which early adverse experiences may become biologically embedded. This paper highlights selected key findings and questions that first emerged in the literature and founded the field and then examines how research methods and questions have evolved over time. Summary: During the past decades, evidence from preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies has accumulated suggesting consequences of early life stress (ELS) exposure for immune function, particularly increased chronic inflammation or inflammatory responses. Scientific approaches to study the effects of ELS on the immune system have changed since the first studies on this topic were published. Key Messages: Across different study designs, species, and methods, a consistent association between childhood adversity and a pro-inflammatory phenotype has been reported. We critically discuss which topics warrant further consideration and how current findings could be used to develop targeted interventions to prevent or reverse the biological embedding of ELS and resultant disease manifestations.
Social Bonds Retain Oxytocin-Mediated Brain-Liver Axis to Retard Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ko Seien , Anzai Atsushi , Liu Xueyuan , Kinouchi Kenichiro , Yamanoi Kazuhiro , Torimitsu Takuto , Ichihara Genki , Kitakata Hiroki , Shirakawa Kohsuke , Katsumata Yoshinori , Endo Jin , Hayashi Kaori , Yoshida Masahide , Nishimori Katsuhiko , Tanaka Kenji F. , Onaka Tatsushi , Sano Motoaki , Ieda Masaki
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUNDS:

Social interaction with others is essential to life. Although social isolation and loneliness have been implicated as increased risks of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which social connection maintains cardiometabolic and cardiovascular health remain largely unresolved.

METHODS:

To investigate how social connection protects against cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis-prone, high-fat diet-fed
Apoe
−/−
mouse siblings were randomly assigned to either individual or grouped housing for 12 weeks. Histological, flow cytometric, biochemical, gene, and protein analyses were performed to assess atherosclerotic lesions, systemic metabolism, inflammation, and stress response. The effects of oxytocin on hepatocytes and subsequent cardiometabolic and cardiovascular function were investigated by in vivo and in vitro approaches.

RESULTS:

Apoe
−/−
mice housed individually developed larger vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions by disrupted lipid metabolism compared with those of mice in regular group housing, irrespective of body weight, eating behavior, feeding conditions, sympathetic nervous activity, glucocorticoid response, or systemic inflammation. Mechanistically, the chronic isolation reduced the hypothalamic production of oxytocin, which controls bile acid production and LPL (lipoprotein lipase) activity through the peripheral OXTR (oxytocin receptor) in hepatocytes, whose downstream targets include
Cyp7a1
,
Angptl4
, and
Angptl8
. While hepatocyte-specific OXTR-null mice and mice receiving adeno-associated virus targeting OXTR on hepatocytes led to severe dyslipidemia and aggravated atherosclerosis, oral oxytocin supplementation to socially isolated mice, but not to hepatocyte-specific OXTR conditional knockout mice, improved lipid profiles and retarded atherosclerosis development.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results identify a novel brain-liver axis that links sociality to hepatic lipid metabolism, thus proposing a potential therapeutic strategy for loneliness-associated atherosclerosis progression.
Critical Insights on Truthfully Reporting “Success Rates” in Modern Stroke Research: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Ribo Marc
Published: November 2024

In 2015, several trials confirmed the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. These findings revolutionized acute ischemic stroke treatment and established mechanical thrombectomy as a standard of care. Subsequent studies have further validated that optimal clinical outcomes are closely associated with achieving higher grades of complete reperfusion and minimizing the number of retrieval attempts. As a result, in recent years, the field has seen a growing trend of publications aggressively pursuing the highest rates of angiographic success. This trend is further exacerbated by the proliferation of impressive individual case reports shared on social media platforms, often devoid of significant scientific merit or educational value. We aim to review the potential biases in authors, which may incur when reporting recanalization rates, and underscore the importance of truthfully reporting success rates.
The Protocol for Active Movement Extent Discrimination Assessment (AMEDA) is Reliable When Shortened From 50 to 25 Stimuli to Reduce Testing Fatigue
Authors: Waddington Gordon , Witchalls Jeremy
Published: November 2024

Active movement extent discrimination assessment (AMEDA) is a psychophysical task that evaluates proprioception and tactile acuity of the lower limbs, and it is a method of determining sensorimotor ability. Sensorimotor ability is the ability to judge small differences in movement tasks through the process of receiving sensory messages (sensory input) and producing a response (motor output). Participant attention lapses in prior psychophysical studies have been implicated as a cause for increased measurement variance thresholds in these types of assessments. Since minimizing the time needed for the AMEDA may help to reduce attention lapses, we compared the reliability of the 50-repetition AMEDA protocol (Group 1) with that of a 25-repetition protocol (Group 2). We assessed the split half reliability of these two approaches, using the Spearman-Brown Adjusted Pearson correlation (r). For each method, we calculated Bland-Altman Plots and Intra Class Correlation Coefficients to compare the reliability of the two data sets and determine the 95% confidence intervals. Split-half test re-test Spearman-Brown Adjusted Pearson r (rfull) was Group 1 r full = 0.83 and Group 2 r full = 0.85. The Bland-Altman Plots indicated only a small degree of bias from the zero-difference line, with 95% of the difference points lying within the limits of agreement. For Group 1, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) two-way, agreement was 0.83 (95% CI 0.54–0.93) and for Group 2, the ICC, two-way, agreement, was 0.85 (95% CI 0.66–0.93). The MDC90 for Group 1 was 0.082 AUC units and for Group 2, it was 0.086 AUC units. The combined data for Group 1 plus Group 2 Bland-Altman Plot indicated only a small degree of bias from the zero-difference line, with 95% of the difference points lying within the limits of agreement. The MDC90 for the combined groups was 0.08 AUC units. The multiple methods from previous research assessing test re-test reliability that we applied to our two data sets indicate that the 25-response AMEDA was a reliable system for evaluating sensorimotor function in the lower limbs and may be an alternative for the more traditional 50-response protocol in which lapses in participant attention from fatigue or other biases may be a concern. There are also practical advantages in time restricted athletic screenings to a shorter administration of this assessment.
The Impact of Food Environments on Midlife Australian Adults With Addictive Eating Behaviors
Authors: Eldridge Ruby , Collins Rebecca A , Burrows Tracy L
Published: November 2024

Research into addictive eating has gained traction over recent years, however there is still debate among experts surrounding the nature of the condition. Using reflexive thematic analysis this paper considers addictive eating through a participant focused lens, specifically focussing on the phenomena of the food environment and its impact on individuals with addictive eating. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken to explore the participants’ ( n = 10) perspectives with addictive eating. After completion of interviews, six main themes were constructed; Relating to the food environment impact was Convenience of processed foods, which encompassed two subthemes; the Easy option, and, Essential for survival; It’s what I can afford; Relating to fad diets and addictive eating was Consciousness; Unmaintainable and unsustainable; Cutting though the noise; and Being a part of the group. This study highlights the need to support consumers to consider ways in which fresh foods can be made more accessible and convenience foods made more healthful, and what support can be provided to food-insecure adults living with food-insecurity.
Pandemic and the Mongoloid Phenotypes in India
Authors: Chanu Naorem Pushparani , Chakraborty Gorky
Published: November 2024

Epidemics are biological processes that appear suddenly as shocks. Societies attempt to negotiate such shocks through the interplay of classes, ethnicities, and institutions. In the process, does it create newer fault lines or consolidate the pre-existing ones existing within the socio-cultural and politico-economic structures? The article seeks to analyse this question. The anxiety generated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the abrupt change in lifestyles have agitated the human mind. This anxiousness ‘within’ is often found to be externalised socially, unfolding a search for the ‘other’ who can be associated with the virus and thereby stigmatised in the name of the accompanying disease. The ‘other’ thus becomes the social allegory of the biological moment. But, why do we need the ‘other’? This article, moreover, also seeks to analyse these related questions by contextualising the historical experiences and then relating them with COVID-19 in the Indian scenario. It especially analyses how the pandemic influenced the everyday life experiences of those bearing Mongoloid phenotypes in India.
Examining goal re-engagement as a mediator of longitudinal associations between awareness of age-related change and vitality in midlife and older adulthood
Authors: Windsor Tim D. , Wilton-Harding Bethany
Published: November 2024

Theorized mechanisms linking views on aging, self-regulation, and well-being have not previously been examined longitudinally. This study considers goal re-engagement as a potential mediator of longitudinal relationships between awareness of age-related change (AARC) and vitality. We expected that more positive perceptions of aging (i.e., higher AARC-gains and lower AARC-losses) at Time 1 (T1) would be associated with increases in goal re-engagement and, in turn, increases in vitality. We also examined possible moderating effects of age on associations of AARC with goal re-engagement and vitality. A sample of 408 middle-aged and older adults (60 years and over) completed three online assessments capturing AARC (gains and losses), goal re-engagement, and vitality over a 12-month period. Parallel process latent growth models were used to test for mediation. Associations among variable intercepts revealed that more positive views of aging were associated with higher levels of goal re-engagement and greater vitality. However, there was no support for the longitudinal mediation hypotheses, with T1 levels of AARC showing negligible associations with rates of change in goal re-engagement and vitality. Moderation analyses revealed a stronger association of T1 AARC-gains with the intercept for goal re-engagement at older, relative to younger ages. Although growing evidence supports cross-sectional links between views on aging, self-regulation and well-being, research with longer measurement intervals and a more comprehensive array of potential mediators is needed to conclusively identify underlying mechanisms.
How work self-efficacy can prevent work interference with family from thwarting creative behavior
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Belausteguigoitia Imanol
Published: November 2024

This study adds to extant management research by addressing hitherto unexplored but highly relevant questions related to how and when employees’ experience of work interference with family translates into a reduced propensity to develop new ideas for organizational improvement, with a particular focus on the mediating role of their intentions to leave and the moderating role of their work self-efficacy in this chain of effects. On the basis of quantitative survey data collected among employees who work in the pharmaceutical retail sector, the empirical findings show that a critical conduit, through which frustrations that work demands spill over into the family sphere lead to dampened creative work efforts, is that employees develop quitting intentions. Yet this explanatory role is less powerful when employees feel confident about their work-related competencies. Notably and somewhat paradoxically, employees’ experience of incompatible work and family demands steers them away from creative work efforts that otherwise could reveal novel solutions. This counterproductive dynamic can be mitigated if employees have greater trust in their own work skills.
Experimental investigation on in-plane shear behavior of E-glass fiber/epoxy laminated composites under different strain rates
Authors: Ju Shilong , Zhang Haixia , Chen Huan
Published: November 2024

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) has been widely applied in buildings and bridges owing to its excellent material properties. The GFRP as a bearing load component in structures may be damaged, with an increasing threat from accidental impact. To understand the dynamic in-plane shear properties of GFRP is essential, which is a basis to design and evaluate structures. In this study, the ±45° specimens of GFRP laminated were tested to investigate the in-plane shear properties with the strain rate from quasi-static to 106 s−1. The dynamic test was conducted by INSSTRON VHS and the stretch process was record by high-speed camera. The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method was used to obtain strains of the specimens. And the field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was used to observe the fracture surface of the specimen. The results indicated that the failure mode, shear strength, failure strain, failure strain, absorbed energy and shear modules possessed strain rate effects. Furthermore, the empirical equations were proposed, which can be used to predict the dynamic increase factor at different loading rate.
Integration of Spiritual Formation in Higher Education Courses
Authors: Rabon Melina W.
Published: November 2024

Many seminaries aim to provide students with a theological education designed to gain a greater understanding of God and His Word. This article argues that to the same extent that students need biblical and theological knowledge, they also need knowledge of how to apply the information to mature in Christ. The research presents an educational and biblical rationale for incorporating key aspects of spiritual formation into a curricular design. The intent is to introduce readers to these aspects, alongside andrological strategies and methods, to produce students who develop lifelong learning skills that will deepen and mature them in Christ.
The Relationship Between Belief in a Just World and Antisocial Behavior Through Anticipated Guilt, Victim Deservedness, and Punishment Frame
Authors: Kiral Ucar Gözde , O’Neill Alex , Sutton Robbie M.
Published: November 2024

According to the just world hypothesis, people need to believe that they deserve what they get and get what they deserve. This belief in a just world (BJW) seems to be related to antisocial behavior. However, the mechanisms that underlie this relationship have not been fully explored. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between BJW for others (BJW-Other; the belief that people, other than themselves, get what they deserve) and BJW for the self (BJW-Self; the belief that people feel they get what they deserve) with intentions to commit everyday crimes, victim deservedness, and anticipated guilt. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 364 undergraduate students (79.1% female, 18.7% male, 2.2% diverse) aged between 19 and 54 ( M = 19.87; SD = 3.02) (Study 1). It was replicated in a further study that also measured perceptions of everyday crime as just punishment of its victims (e.g., for their privilege or complacency) in a sample of 302 (57.6% female, 41.4% male, and 1% diverse) non-university students aged between 20 and 99 ( M = 41.76; SD = 13.12) (Study 2). In both studies, results indicated that the negative relationship between BJW-Self and intentions to commit everyday crimes was mediated by increased anticipated guilt. The more the participants in both samples endorsed BJW-Self the more they felt anticipated guilt, and in turn, the less they intended to offend. The results suggest that BJW-Self may play a role in fostering anticipated guilt and in turn deterring them from committing everyday crimes.
Use of Medications With Somnolence Adverse Effects and Somnolence Symptoms Among Older Adults in the U.S.
Authors: Wilder Jocelyn , Lauderdale Diane , Qato Dima M.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Nearly half of older adults experience somnolence, but the link between medications with somnolence as an adverse effect and somnolence is unclear. This study investigated the association between polypharmacy and somnolence symptoms (excessive sleepiness or long sleep duration).

Methods

Data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) 2010–2011 was used to examine the concurrent use of medications with potential somnolence as an adverse effect and the prevalence of somnolence symptoms.

Results

Among the 2638 older adults (mean, 71 years), 49.0% used medications with potential somnolence adverse effects. The adjusted prevalence of somnolence symptoms was significantly higher among those using three or more medications (58%) than those not using such medications (31.2%) (difference, 20.4%; 95% CI 12.5, 28.4).

Discussion

In this cross-sectional study, medications with somnolence as a potential adverse effect were commonly used, and the findings suggest a link between polypharmacy and the increased risk of somnolence symptoms.
Taiwan’s Rapid Demographic Shift: Examining the Long-run Impact of Population Ageing on Income Inequality
Authors: Goh Soo Khoon , Wong Koi Nyen , Chen Li Ju
Published: November 2024

Taiwan distinguishes itself as one of the few Asian countries to experience demographic transition ahead of projections. Understanding how Taiwan’s rapidly evolving age demographics affect income inequality is crucial. Analyzing income inequality with three distinct metrics, we examine the relationship between population ageing and income inequality in Taiwan, using the augmented autoregressive distributed lag test. Our study reveals an inverse relationship, indicating reduced income inequality as the population ages. Factors such as elderly property acquisition, cultural norms favouring families to live together, and advancements in healthcare contribute to this trend. Encouraging elderly employment emerges as a crucial strategy to address income inequality among seniors. Additionally, economic factors like real gross domestic product per capita and trade openness show negative associations with income inequality, suggesting policy avenues for intervention. While outward foreign direct investment is positively associated with income inequality, promoting inclusive growth-focused foreign direct investment could help mitigate this issue. Overall, policies supporting economic growth and international trade hold promise for reducing income inequality in Taiwan.