bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Municipal Solid Waste Collection Services in Developing Countries: A Case of Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Nepal
Authors: Rai Rajesh Kumar , Nepal Mani , Khadayat Madan Singh , Bhardwaj Bishal
Published: May 2019

Municipal solid waste management is one of the major challenges that cities in developing countries are facing. Although waste collection services are critical to build a smart city, the focus of both scholarship and action/activism has been more on the utilization of waste than on collection. We devised a choice experiment to elicit the preferences of municipal residents with regard to the various attributes of solid waste collection services in the Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Nepal. The study showed that households identify waste collection frequency, timing of door-to-door waste collection services, and cleanliness of the streets as the critical elements of municipal waste collection that affect their welfare and willingness to pay. While almost all households (95%) were participating in the waste collection service in the study area, more than half (53%) expressed dissatisfaction with the existing service. Women were the main actors engaged in waste collection and disposal at household level. The results of the choice analysis suggest that households prefer a designated waste collection time with waste collection bins placed at regular intervals on the streets for use by pedestrians who often throw garbage on the streets in the absence of bins. For these improvements, households were willing to pay an additional service fee of 10–28% on top of what they were already paying. The study also finds that municipal waste collection can be improved through the involvement of Tole Lane Committees in designing the timing and frequency of the service and by introducing a system of progressive tariffs based on the number of storeys per house.
Economic Analysis of Disaster Management Investment Effectiveness in Korea
Authors: Heo Bo-Young , Heo Won-Ho
Published: May 2019

Governments have been investing in extensive operations to minimize economic losses and casualties from natural disasters such as floods and storms. A suitable verification process is required to guarantee maximum effectiveness and efficiency of investments while ensuring sustained funding. Active investment can be expected by verifying the effectiveness of disaster prevention spending. However, the results of the budget invested in disaster-safety-related projects are not immediate but evident only over a period of time. Additionally, their effects should be verified in terms of the state or society overall, not from an individualistic perspective because of the nature of public projects. In this study, an economic analysis of the short- and long-term effects of investment in a disaster-safety-related project was performed and the effects of damage reduction before and after project implementation were analyzed to evaluate the short-term effects and a cost–benefit analysis was conducted to assess the long-term effects. The results show that disaster prevention projects reduce damages over both the short and long term. Therefore, investing in preventive projects to cope with disasters effectively is important to maximize the return on investment. This analysis can be used for developing effective disaster prevention projects.
Implementation of Collaborative Activities for Sustainable Supply Chain Innovation: An Analysis of the Firm Size Effect
Authors: Lee DonHee
Published: May 2019

This study examines the effects of collaborative and implementation activities on environmental performance for sustainable supply chain management. Specifically, the proposed research investigates the moderating effect of firm size on the effect relationships. The structural equation modeling with AMOS 23.0 was employed to test hypotheses. The results confirm the positive effects of collaborative activities on environmental performance and the positive relationship between collaborative activities and green certification programs in both small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and large-sized firms. Contrary to general belief, firm size did not moderate the relationship between autonomous collaborative activities and green activities. However, other relationships were supported in the research model, thus firm size partially moderates the relationships of collaborative activities with implementation activities and environmental performance. The study demonstrates that implementation activities play a key role in improving collaborative activities with suppliers and vendors for sustainable supply chain innovation. Additionally, it contributes to the practice of sustainable supply chain innovation as well as to efficiency through collaborative activities in the supply chain process.
Dual Extended Hesitant Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Alcantud José Carlos R. , Santos-García Gustavo , Peng Xindong , Zhan Jianming
Published: May 2019

Hesitant fuzzy sets extend fuzzy sets by considering many-valued sets of membership degrees. Real applications validate this model and decision making approaches of various forms permit to act in a flexible manner. If we can avail ourselves of hesitant information on non-membership degrees too, then dual hesitant fuzzy sets provide a natural extension of both hesitant fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets. This article defines the concept of dual extended hesitant fuzzy set as the combination of extended hesitant fuzzy sets with dual hesitant fuzzy sets. Its basic algebraic properties are set forth, and the model is linked to other successful models in the literature. We also define a comparison law for the prioritization of elements described in this new framework. Moreover, we present an algorithm to solve the dual extended hesitant fuzzy decision making problem by a weight score function. Finally, the feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by the evaluation of big data industries with an effectiveness test.
Dragonfly Algorithm with Opposition-Based Learning for Multilevel Thresholding Color Image Segmentation
Authors: Bao Xiaoli , Jia Heming , Lang Chunbo
Published: May 2019

Multilevel thresholding is a very active research field in image segmentation, and has been successfully used in various applications. However, the computational time will increase exponentially as the number of thresholds increases, and for color images which contain more information this is even worse. To overcome the drawback while maintaining segmentation accuracy, a modified version of dragonfly algorithm (DA) with opposition-based learning (OBLDA) for color image segmentation is proposed in this paper. The opposition-based learning (OBL) strategy simultaneously considers the current solution and the opposite solution, which are symmetrical in the search space. With the introduction of OBL, the proposed algorithm has a faster convergence speed and more balanced exploration–exploitation compared with the original DA. In order to clearly demonstrate the outstanding performance of the OBLDA, the proposed method is compared with seven state-of-the-art meta-heuristic algorithms, through experiments on 10 test images. The optimal threshold values are calculated by the maximization of between-class variance and Kapur’s entropy. Meanwhile, some indicators, including peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), feature similarity index (FSIM), structure similarity index (SSIM), the average fitness values, standard deviation (STD), and computation time are used as evaluation criteria in the experiments. The promising results reveal that proposed method has the advantages of high accuracy and remarkable stability. Wilcoxon’s rank sum test and Friedman test are also performed to verify the superiority of OBLDA in a statistical way. Furthermore, various satellite images are also included for robustness testing. In conclusion, the OBLDA algorithm is a feasible and effective method for multilevel thresholding color image segmentation.
A Novel Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Based Methodology for the Inventory Routing Problem
Authors: Boru Aslı , Dosdoğru Ayşe Tuğba , Göçken Mustafa , Erol Rızvan
Published: May 2019

In this paper, a new hybrid method including simulation optimization and artificial intelligence based simulation is created to solve the inventory routing problem (IRP) in which three different routing strategies are evaluated for uneven demand patterns including intermittent, erratic, and lumpy demand. The proposed method includes two phases. In the first phase, a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II based simulation is employed to perform a multi-objective search for the IRP where the objectives of the method are total supply chain cost minimization and average service level maximization. In the second phase, artificial neural network based simulation is used to adjust the reorder point and order-up-to-level by forecasting the customer demand at each replenishment time. The results of the study demonstrated that the average service level is at least 98.54% in the supply chain. From this, it can be concluded that the proposed method can provide a tremendous opportunity to improve the average service level under uncertain environments. In addition, it is determined that different routing strategies can be selected for different demand patterns according to the considered performance measures.
A Power Control Algorithm Based on Chicken Game Theory in Multi-Hop Networks
Authors: Wang Jinpeng , Zhengpeng Ye , Gillbanks Jeremy , Sanders Tarun M. , Zou Nianyu
Published: May 2019

With the development of modern society, there are not only many voice calls being made over wireless communication systems, but there is also a great deal of demand for data services. There are increasing demands from the general public for more information data, especially for high-speed services with elevated Gbps levels. As is well known, higher sending power is needed once data rates increase. In order to solve this problem, virtual cellular networks (VCNs) can be employed in order to reduce these peak power shifts. If a VCN works well, mobile ports will receive their own wireless signals via individual cells, and then, the signals will access core networks with the help of a central terminal. Power control can improve the power capacity in multi-hop networks. However, the use of power control will also have a negative impact on network connectivity, delay, and capacity. In order to address the problem, this paper compares specific control methods and capacities in multi-hop networks. Distributed chicken game algorithm power control (DCGAPC) methods are presented in order to reach acceptable minimum levels of network delay and maximum network capacity and connectivity. Finally, a computer simulation is implemented, and the results are shown.
Fast Calculation Method for Transient Response of Transmission Line Based on Chebyshev Pseudospectral–Two-Step Three-Order Boundary Value Coupled Method
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Hu Tinghe , Tao Yuan , Zhang Tao , Li Zhenxing
Published: May 2019

A Chebyshev pseudospectral–two-step three-order boundary value coupled method is proposed and presented for handling the issue associated with complicated calculation, low precision, and poor stability in the process of transient response of transmission line. The first order differential equation in time domain is obtained via dispersing the telegraph equation in space domain by utilizing the pseudospectral method (PSM) based on Chebyshev polynomial. Then the two-step three-order boundary value method (BVM3) is presented and employed to resolve the obtained differential equation, so the numerical solution of the space discrete points can be obtained. Furthermore, the Chebyshev pseudospectral–two-step three-order boundary value coupled method (PSM-BVM3) is presented and compared with the Chebyshev pseudospectral–two-step two order boundary value coupled method (PSM-BVM2), the pseudospectral–differential quadrature method (PSM-DQM), and the pseudospectral method–trapezoid rule (PSM-TR) to validate the feasibility of the new proposed method. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation reveal that the proposed Chebyshev PSM-BVM3 has a higher performance than the conventional method. For the proposed Chebyshev PSM-BVM3, the higher precision, efficiency, and numerical stability can be obtained and achieved only with fewer discrete points in the space domain, which is suitable for solving the transient response of transmission line. The proposed PSM-BVM3 can improve the drawback of numerical instability of the PSM and can also improve the disadvantage of the BVM as it is not easy to change the latter’s timestep size.
LPI Radar Waveform Recognition Based on CNN and TPOT
Authors: Wan Jian , Yu Xin , Guo Qiang
Published: May 2019

The electronic reconnaissance system is the operational guarantee and premise of electronic warfare. It is an important tool for intercepting radar signals and providing intelligence support for sensing the battlefield situation. In this paper, a radar waveform automatic identification system for detecting, tracking and locating low probability interception (LPI) radar is studied. The recognition system can recognize 12 different radar waveform: binary phase shift keying (Barker codes modulation), linear frequency modulation (LFM), Costas codes, polytime codes (T1, T2, T3, and T4), and polyphase codes (comprising Frank, P1, P2, P3 and P4). First, the system performs time–frequency transform on the LPI radar signal to obtain a two-dimensional time–frequency image. Then, the time–frequency image is preprocessed (binarization and size conversion). The preprocessed time–frequency image is then sent to the convolutional neural network (CNN) for training. After the training is completed, the features of the fully connected layer are extracted. Finally, the feature is sent to the tree structure-based machine learning process optimization (TPOT) classifier to realize offline training and online recognition. The experimental results show that the overall recognition rate of the system reaches 94.42% when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is −4 dB.
Design Science Research: Evaluation in the Lens of Big Data Analytics
Authors: Elragal Ahmed , Haddara Moutaz
Published: May 2019

Given the different types of artifacts and their various evaluation methods, one of the main challenges faced by researchers in design science research (DSR) is choosing suitable and efficient methods during the artifact evaluation phase. With the emergence of big data analytics, data scientists conducting DSR are also challenged with identifying suitable evaluation mechanisms for their data products. Hence, this conceptual research paper is set out to address the following questions. Does big data analytics impact how evaluation in DSR is conducted? If so, does it lead to a new type of evaluation or a new genre of DSR? We conclude by arguing that big data analytics should influence how evaluation is conducted, but it does not lead to the creation of a new genre of design research.
Factors Affecting the Performance of Recommender Systems in a Smart TV Environment
Authors: Alam Iftikhar , Khusro Shah , Khan Mumtaz
Published: May 2019

The recommender systems are deployed on the Web for reducing cognitive overload. It uses different parameters, such as profile information, feedbacks, history, etc., as input and recommends items to a user or group of users. Such parameters are easy to predict and calculate for a single user on a personalized device, such as a personal computer or smartphone. However, watching the Web contents on a smart TV is significantly different from other connected devices. For example, the smart TV is a multi-user, lean-back supported device, and normally enjoyed in groups. Moreover, the performance of a recommender system is questionable due to the dynamic interests of groups in front of a smart TV. This paper discussed in detail the existing recommender system approaches in the context of smart TV environment. Moreover, it highlights the issues and challenges in existing recommendations for smart TV viewer(s) and presents some research opportunities to cope with these issues. The paper further reports some overlooked factors that affect the recommendation process on a smart TV. A subjective study of viewers’ watching behavior on a smart TV is also presented for validating these factors. Results show that apart from all technological advancement, the viewers are enjoying smart TV as a passive, lean-back device, and mostly used for watching live channels and videos on the big screen. Furthermore, in most households, smart TV is enjoyed in groups as a shared device which creates hurdles in personalized recommendations. This is because predicting the group members and satisfying each member is still an issue. The findings of this study suggest that for precise and relevant recommendations on smart TVs, the recommender systems need to adapt to the varying watching behavior of viewer(s).
Protein Adductomics: Analytical Developments and Applications in Human Biomonitoring
Authors: Preston George W. , Phillips David H.
Published: May 2019

Proteins contain many sites that are subject to modification by electrophiles. Detection and characterisation of these modifications can give insights into environmental agents and endogenous processes that may be contributing factors to chronic human diseases. An untargeted approach, utilising mass spectrometry to detect modified amino acids or peptides, has been applied to blood proteins haemoglobin and albumin, focusing in particular on the N-terminal valine residue of haemoglobin and the cysteine-34 residue in albumin. Technical developments to firstly detect simultaneously multiple adducts at these sites and then subsequently to identify them are reviewed here. Recent studies in which the methods have been applied to biomonitoring human exposure to environmental toxicants are described. With advances in sensitivity, high-throughput handling of samples and robust quality control, these methods have considerable potential for identifying causes of human chronic disease and of identifying individuals at risk.
From Snake Venom’s Disintegrins and C-Type Lectins to Anti-Platelet Drugs
Authors: Lazarovici Philip , Marcinkiewicz Cezary , Lelkes Peter I.
Published: May 2019

Snake venoms are attractive natural sources for drug discovery and development, with a number of substances either in clinical use or in research and development. These drugs were developed based on RGD-containing snake venom disintegrins, which efficiently antagonize fibrinogen activation of αIIbβ3 integrin (glycoprotein GP IIb/IIIa). Typical examples of anti-platelet drugs found in clinics are Integrilin (Eptifibatide), a heptapeptide derived from Barbourin, a protein found in the venom of the American Southeastern pygmy rattlesnake and Aggrastat (Tirofiban), a small molecule based on the structure of Echistatin, and a protein found in the venom of the saw-scaled viper. Using a similar drug discovery approach, linear and cyclic peptides containing the sequence K(R)TS derived from VP12, a C-type lectin protein found in the venom of Israeli viper venom, were used as a template to synthesize Vipegitide, a novel peptidomimetic antagonist of α2β1 integrin, with anti-platelet activity. This review focus on drug discovery of these anti-platelet agents, their indications for clinical use in acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary intervention based on several clinical trials, as well as their adverse effects.
Neutron-Star-Merger Equation of State
Authors: Dexheimer Veronica , Constantinou Constantinos , Most Elias R. , Papenfort L. Jens , Hanauske Matthias , Schramm Stefan , Stoecker Horst , Rezzolla Luciano
Published: May 2019

In this work, we discuss the dense matter equation of state (EOS) for the extreme range of conditions encountered in neutron stars and their mergers. The calculation of the properties of such an EOS involves modeling different degrees of freedom (such as nuclei, nucleons, hyperons, and quarks), taking into account different symmetries, and including finite density and temperature effects in a thermodynamically consistent manner. We begin by addressing subnuclear matter consisting of nucleons and a small admixture of light nuclei in the context of the excluded volume approach. We then turn our attention to supranuclear homogeneous matter as described by the Chiral Mean Field (CMF) formalism. Finally, we present results from realistic neutron-star-merger simulations performed using the CMF model that predict signatures for deconfinement to quark matter in gravitational wave signals.
Jet Structure Studies in Small Systems
Authors: Varga Zoltán , Vértesi Róbert , Barnaföldi Gergely Gábor
Published: May 2019

A study investigating a possible jet shape dependence on the charged event multiplicity was performed on collision samples generated by Monte–Carlo (MC) event generators Pythia and Hijing++. We calculated the integral jet shape and found a significant modification caused by multiple-parton interactions. By interchanging and enabling different model ingredients in the simulations and analyzing the results in several

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bins and event multiplicity classes, we found a characteristic jet size measure that was independent of the chosen tunes, settings, and jet reconstruction algorithms.
Attenuation of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) in an in ovo Model Is Related to the Changes of Viral Genetic Diversity of Cell-Culture Passaged BTV
Authors: Lean Fabian Z. X. , Neave Matthew J. , White John R. , Payne Jean , Eastwood Teresa , Bergfeld Jemma , Di Rubbo Antonio , Stevens Vittoria , Davies Kelly R. , Devlin Joanne , Williams David T. , Bingham John
Published: May 2019

The embryonated chicken egg (ECE) is routinely used for the laboratory isolation and adaptation of Bluetongue virus (BTV) in vitro. However, its utility as an alternate animal model has not been fully explored. In this paper, we evaluated the pathogenesis of BTV in ovo using a pathogenic isolate of South African BTV serotype 3 (BTV-3) derived from the blood of an infected sheep. Endothelio- and neurotropism of BTV-3 were observed by immunohistochemistry of non-structural protein 1 (NS1), NS3, NS3/3a, and viral protein 7 (VP7) antigens. In comparing the pathogenicity of BTV from infectious sheep blood with cell-culture-passaged BTV, including virus propagated through a Culicoides-derived cell line (KC) or ECE, we found virus attenuation in ECE following cell-culture passage. Genomic analysis of the consensus sequences of segments (Seg)-2, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, and -10 identified several nucleotide and amino-acid mutations among the cell-culture-propagated BTV-3. Deep sequencing analysis revealed changes in BTV-3 genetic diversity in various genome segments, notably a reduction of Seg-7 diversity following passage in cell culture. Using this novel approach to investigate BTV pathogenicity in ovo, our findings support the notion that pathogenic BTV becomes attenuated in cell culture and that this change is associated with virus quasispecies evolution.
Risk Factors for Development of Canine and Human Osteosarcoma: A Comparative Review
Authors: Makielski Kelly M. , Mills Lauren J. , Sarver Aaron L. , Henson Michael S. , Spector Logan G. , Naik Shruthi , Modiano Jaime F.
Published: May 2019

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor of bone. Osteosarcomas are rare in humans, but occur more commonly in dogs. A comparative approach to studying osteosarcoma has highlighted many clinical and biologic aspects of the disease that are similar between dogs and humans; however, important species-specific differences are becoming increasingly recognized. In this review, we describe risk factors for the development of osteosarcoma in dogs and humans, including height and body size, genetics, and conditions that increase turnover of bone-forming cells, underscoring the concept that stochastic mutational events associated with cellular replication are likely to be the major molecular drivers of this disease. We also discuss adaptive, cancer-protective traits that have evolved in large, long-lived mammals, and how increasing size and longevity in the absence of natural selection can account for the elevated bone cancer risk in modern domestic dogs.
Scour Induced by Single and Twin Propeller Jets
Authors: Cui Yonggang , Lam Wei Haur , Zhang Tianming , Sun Chong , Hamill Gerard
Published: May 2019

Single and twin ship propeller jets produce scour holes with deposition dune. The scour hole has a maximum depth at a particular length downstream within the propeller jet. Existing equations are available to predict maximum scour depth and the corresponding scour length downstream. Experiments conducted with various physical propeller models, rotational speeds, propeller-to-propeller distances and bed clearances are presented. The measurements allowed a better understanding of the mechanism of temporal scour and deposition formation for scour caused by single-propeller and twin-propeller. Results show that the propeller jet scour profiles can be divided into three zones, which are the small scour hole, primary scour hole and deposition dune. An empirical 2D scour model is proposed to predict the scour profile for both a single-propeller and twin-propeller using a Gaussian normal distribution.
In Situ Nutrient Removal from Rural Runoff by A New Type Aerobic/Anaerobic/Aerobic Water Spinach Wetlands
Authors: Wang Ya-Wen , Li Hua , Wu You , Cai Yun , Song Hai-Liang , Zhai Zhi-Dong , Yang Xiao-Li
Published: May 2019

Rural runoff with abundant nutrients has become a great threat to aquatic environment. Hence, more and more attention has been focused on nutrients removal. In this study, an improved aerobic/anaerobic/aerobic three-stage water spinach constructed wetland (O-A-O-CW) was used to improve the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus of rural runoff. The removal rate of the target pollutants in O-A-O-CW was compared with the common matrix flow wetland as well as the no-plant wetland. The results showed that the O-A-O-CW significantly increased the chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate, and total nitrogen removal rate, and the corresponding removal rate was 55.85%, 81.70%, 76.64%, 89.78%, and 67.68%, respectively. Moreover, the best hydraulic condition of the wetland, including hydraulic retention time and hydraulic loading, was determined, which were 2 days and 0.45 m3·m−2·day−1, respectively. Furthermore, the removal mechanism of the constructed wetland was thoroughly studied, which included the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by the matrix and water spinach, and the nitrification and denitrification by the bacteria. The results demonstrated that the mechanisms of nitrogen removal in the new type wetland were principally by the nitrification and denitrification process. Additionally, adsorption and precipitation by the matrix are mainly responsible for phosphorus removal. These results suggested that the new O-A-O-CW can efficiently removal nutrients and enhance the water quality of the rural runoff.
An Assessment of Groundwater Contamination Risk with Radon Based on Clustering and Structural Models
Authors: Martins Lisa , Pereira Alcides , Oliveira Alcino , Fernandes António , Sanches Fernandes Luís Filipe , Pacheco Fernando António Leal
Published: May 2019

There is currently some controversy in the scientific community regarding the efficiency of the water–rock interaction process in the contamination of radon in groundwater. In this study, some difficulties were found in the sampling phase. Many of the water collection points are used for human consumption. As such, some municipalities did not want to collaborate. When this natural contaminant is undetectable to the human sense and may cause pulmonary neoplasms in the long term, it is difficult to obtain collaboration from the municipalities concerned. To overcome this controversy, it is important to understand that geogenic, climatic, hydrological, and topographic features may contribute to the effective transfer of radon from rocks to groundwater. In brief, this new approach combines the radon transfer from the geological substrate to the groundwater circulation through hierarchic agglomerative clustering (HAC) and partial least squares-path modeling (PLS-PM) methods. The results show that some lithologies with higher radon production may not always contribute to noticeable groundwater contamination. In this group, the high-fracturing density confirms the recharge efficiency, and the physical-chemical properties of the hydraulic environment (electric conductivity) plays the main role of radon unavailability in the water intended for human consumption. Besides, the hydraulic turnover time of the springs can be considered an excellent radiological indicator in groundwater. In the absence of an anomalous radioactive source near the surface, it means that the high-turnover time of the springs leads to a low-radon concentration in the water. Besides linking high-risk areas with a short period required to free local flow discharges, this study exposes the virtues of a new perspective of a groundwater contamination risk modeling.
Application Research of an Efficient and Stable Boundary Processing Method for the SPH Method
Authors: Huang Xing , Chen Wu , Hu Zhe , Zheng Xing , Jin Shanqin , Zhang Xiaoying
Published: May 2019

The boundary truncation of the kernel function affects the numerical accuracy and calculation stability of the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method and has been one of the key research fields for this method. In this paper, an efficient and stable boundary processing method for the SPH method was introduced by adopting an improved boundary interpolation method (i.e., the improved Shepard method) which needs only the sum of direct accumulation for fixed-boundary particles to improve the numerical stability and computational efficiency of the fixed ghost particle method. The improvement effect of the method was demonstrated by comparing it with different interpolation methods using the cases of still water, a wave generated by dam-breaking, and a solitary wave attacking problem with fixed walls and a moveable wall. The results showed that the new boundary processing method for SPH can help remarkably improve the efficiency of calculation and reduce the oscillations of pressure when simulating various flows.
Phosphorus Availability and Growth of Benthic Primary Producers in Littoral Lake Sediments: Are Differences Linked to Induced Bank Filtration?
Authors: Gillefalk Mikael , Herzog Christiane , Hilt Sabine
Published: May 2019

Submerged macrophytes and periphyton are benthic primary producers that play an important role for several ecosystem functions of lakes. Their growth often depends on the availability of phosphorus (P) in sediments and overlying water. This P availability is assumed to potentially be affected by induced bank filtration (IBF), a cost-effective method for drinking water production. In this study, we tested whether littoral sediments sampled at sites with high and low influence of IBF in a temperate eutrophic lake used for bank filtration since more than 100 years affects periphyton and macrophyte growth. Sediments differed in aerobic desorbed water-soluble phosphorus (PH2O) and iron (Fe) content and the growth of macrophytes in sediments with a high impact of IBF was lower compared to sediments with low impact of IBF. We also found that P addition to the nutrient solution increased periphyton growth and that periphyton limited macrophyte growth. While these results point to a potential impact of IBF on P availability in sediments that can cascade to benthic primary producers, we could not prove mechanistic links between high rates of IBF and the lower macrophyte growth. Additional research to assure a sustainable application of this valuable drinking water production method is therefore needed.
SISTEMA DE BAJO COSTO PARA LA PROGRAMACIÓN POR DEMOSTRACIÓN DEL AGARRE DE OBJETOS EN ROBÓTICA
Authors: Hoyos-Gutiérrez José , Peña Carlos , Prieto Flavio , Cárdenas Pedro , Núñez Manuel
Published: May 2019

En este trabajo se presenta la implementación y resultados de pruebas preliminares de un sistema de bajo costo, que permite la captura de las señales implicadas en el agarre de objetos en robótica. El sistema está compuesto de un guante de datos y una mano robótica de tres dedos. El guante de datos es de fabricación propia y contiene los sensores de posición y fuerza. Las señales obtenidas por estos sensores, son almacenadas para su posterior reproducción. La mano está desarrollada en prototipado rápido. El sistema desarrollado es de bajo costo comparado con los comerciales. Además puede ser fácilmente reproducible, ya que se usan elementos comerciales. A través de algunos resultados, se muestra el funcionamiento del sistema desarrollado.
ACONDICIONAMIENTO Y DIGITALIZACIÓN DE LA SEÑAL DE UN LVDT PARA LA MEDICIÓN DEL PERFIL DE UNA SUPERFICIE SÓLIDA Acondicionamiento y Digitalización de un LVDT
Authors: Uribe Martínez Jorge Mario , Quintero Rodríguez Leidy Johana , Tirado-Mejía Liliana , Ibargüen Francisco Javier
Published: May 2019

El LVDT es el elemento más importante para la medición de los perfiles utilizando un perfilómetro de contacto y su función es convertir las variaciones de desplazamiento de una aguja en variaciones de voltaje, a través del desplazamiento del núcleo de una bobina acoplado a la aguja. El desplazamiento del núcleo a escala completa se determinó midiendo el recorrido total que hace la aguja, obteniendo el mismo voltaje en el secundario para los desplazamientos extremos. Con este valor y con el de los voltajes del primario y secundario se encontró una alta sensibilidad para el LVDT del perfilómetro, siendo 7,19mV/V/mil el valor obtenido, lo que significa un reto para su lectura. Para el acondicionamiento del LVDT se utilizó un circuito AD698 que genera una señal oscilante, con amplitud y frecuencia ajustable para el primario, y un demodulador síncrono que convierte la señal del secundario en una señal DC, que incrementa linealmente con respecto a la posición del núcleo. Se diseñó e implementó un sistema de conversión A/D, teniendo en cuenta la resolución, la señal de entrada, la frecuencia de muestreo, las prestaciones estáticas y las dinámicas, la interfaz de comunicación, y el tamaño y el precio. La  transmisión de los datos de la medida del perfil se realizó por medio del protocolo USB, a través de un microcontroladorATxmega. Se realizaron medidas del perfil utilizando unas muestras patrón de 50, 5 y 1 KÅ, para evaluar el desempeño del sistema de acondicionamiento, obteniéndose resultados satisfactorios.
DISEÑO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL SISTEMA DE ESPECTROSCOPIA DE FOTOIMPEDANCIA ELÉCTRICA EN EL DESARROLLO DE SENSORES ÓPTICOS BASADOS EN MICROVARAS DE ZnO
Authors: Garzón-Ramos D. A. , Guzmán-Embús D. A. , Barrera-Andrade D. C. , Florez-Villamil A. M. , Vargas-Hernández C.
Published: May 2019

El creciente interés por la adquisición de nuevo conocimiento acerca del comportamiento de materiales empleados en la construcción de dispositivos optoelectrónicos ha llevado a la búsqueda de nuevas técnicas de instrumentación y caracterización de materiales que permitan comprender fenómenos electrónicos asociados a propiedades ópticas inherentes a materiales semiconductores. Por esta razón se desarrolló una cámara hermética con emisión controlada en el UV-visible e infrarrojo cercano que se integra al impedancimetro Solartron SI 1260 IMPEDANCE/GAIN-PHASE ANALYZER con el objetivo de mejorar y diversificar su funcionamiento; convirtiendo así este equipo en un sistema capaz de realizar medidas de impedancia eléctrica en presencia de diferentes tipos de radiación óptica a través de la técnica de espectroscopia de fotoimpedancia eléctrica. Se realizaron estudios de películas microestructuradas de ZnO a través del sistema de foto-impedancia eléctrica en temperatura ambiente y a 120 °C. Los resultados indican una disminución de la impedancia en un orden de magnitud para las películas en presencia de radiación UV, hecho asociado a la cercanía de esta radiación con el gap de 3.17 eV calculado para las microvaras de ZnO. Los mejores resultados en los tiempos de saturación y relajación de las películas se lograron a 120 °C. De este modo se logró determinar la alta eficacia de las películas microestructuradas de ZnO como posibles sensores resistivos de UV cuando se someten a altas temperaturas.
MANEJO DE LAS HERIDAS QUIRÚRGICAS, DESDE EL TIPO, TÉCNICA E INSUMOS UTILIZADOS EN UNA IPS”. ARMENIA, QUINDÍO, 2014
Authors: Henao Buriticá Adiela , Fernández Rincón Carmen Aydé , García García Nancy , Orozco Gómez Paola
Published: May 2019

Este artículo surge de la investigación “Manejo de las heridas quirúrgicas, desde el tipo, técnica e insumos utilizados en una ips. Armenia, Quindío, 2014, financiado por la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones de la Universidad del Quindío. La investigación describe los métodos que son manejados para el cuidado de las heridas por parte del personal de enfermería que realiza dicho procedimiento, con el fin de conocer con detalle la técnica, o técnicas, y los procesos utilizados en el procedimiento, materiales, pasos, asepsia, entre otros; contrasta lo observado con los avances científicos-tecnológicos en este campo y determina el cuidado de enfermería brindado a los pacientes adultos hospitalizados con heridas de diferente etiología. La investigación fue de tipo Descriptiva-Transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra se obtuvo a través de un muestreo intencional, para este caso, pacientes con herida quirúrgica hospitalizados en los servicios quirúrgicos, que ingresaron durante un trimestre por cirugía programada, complicaciones quirúrgicas o por cirugía de urgencia, en una IPS de tercer nivel de atención de Armenia, y quien es eligieron voluntariamente su participación. La técnica para la recolección de la información fue a través de la filmación del procedimiento. Posteriormente, se diligenciaron los instrumentos diseñados para los fines de la investigación; los datos fueron ingresados a Bases de Datos construidas y procesadas en SPSS.
INCREMENTO EN MUTACIONES DE TIPO TRANSICIONAL PARA ATENUAR EL EFECTO DE SESGO EN LA INACTIVACIÓN DEL CROMOSOMA X CONDUCEN A LA APARICIÓN DE MUTACIONES CON EFECTO PATOLÓGICO EN EL GEN DE LA IDURONATO2 SULFATASA(IDS)(3.1.6.13)
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Adalberto
Published: May 2019

Varios autores han registrado la importancia de la metilación del gen IDS en el proceso de inactivación del cromosoma X. Adicionalmente, algunos pacientes con mucopolisacaridosis muestran un patrón de sesgo en la inactivación del cromosoma X y su relación con una disminución en la actividad de la iduronatosintasa 2. Nuestro estudio registra un patrón consistente de mutaciones de tipo transicional en este gen que podrían estar relacionadas con la génesis de mutaciones de tipo patológico, con el propósito de atenuar los efectos de una inactivación no aleatoria del cromosoma X. Se considera este hallazgo de particular importancia, ya que apoyaría la propuesta de un tamizaje de sitios de metilación en el cromosoma X en mujeres en edad fértil. Este tamizaje podría ayudar a disminuir las frecuencias alélicas de variantes relacionadas con un número variado de enfermedades asociadas al cromosoma X, como son: MPS tipo II, síndrome de Lesch-Nyhan y la distrofia muscular tipo Duchenne.
APROXIMACIÓN IN SILICO PARA LA PREDICCIÓN DE EFECTOS FUNCIONALES PROTEICOS A PARTIR DE LA DETECCIÓN DE VARIANTES SECUENCIALES DE DNA
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Adalberto
Published: May 2019

El desarrollo de tecnologías de secuenciación masiva de regiones codificantes del DNA en los últimos años ha generado  un impacto en el área de la patología molecular. Sin embargo, los resultados de este proceso han sobrepasado las capacidades para la predicción y asociación de variantes de secuencia de DNA con efectos de tipo patológico por alteraciones en proteínas vinculadas a procesos fisiológicos, anatómicos y metabólicos. Para aliviar este efecto, se han desarrollado recientemente una serie de herramientas computacionales que permiten traducir los resultados de variantes secuenciales en efectos funcionales que explicarían la etiología de muchas enfermedades clasificadas como mendelianas. En este trabajo se evalúan dos de esas herramientas, Sift y PolyPhen-2. Para esta evaluación se utilizaron los datos de secuenciación exómica de un grupo de 2 pacientes diagnosticados con alguna de las patologías clasificadas en el grupo de la mucopolisacaridosis, provenientes del suroccidente colombiano.  En el estudio se registraron en promedio un número de 60000 variantes secuenciales por paciente, siendo al menos la mitad de ella clasificadas como no registradas en la literatura. A partir del análisis de estos datos se registraron al menos 3 variantes con efecto funcional que estarían explicando el fenómeno patológico de los pacientes. Se propone entonces la utilización de este tipo de herramientas computacionales para agilizar la interpretación de los resultados de secuenciación exómica con el propósito de realizar un proceso de consejería terapéutica en pacientes con enfermedades de tipo mendeliano y además permitir la aplicación de nuevas estrategias para estas enfermedades como es el caso de la terapia de reemplazo enzimático.
La distribution intérieure des hôtels du commandant de la Marine à Brest au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Plouzennec Yvon
Published: May 2019

Die Raumverteilung im Stadtpalais des Marinekommandeurs in Brest im 18. Jh

Im 18. Jh. treten in der gesamten französischen Wohnarchitektur tiefgreifende veränderungen in der Raumverteilung auf, die auf neue, vom Wandel der Mentalitäten erhobene Ansprüche reagieren. Indessen bleibt ein entscheidendes Grundelement im Inneren eines Wohngebäudes bestehen : es handelt sich um die soziale Stellung des Bewohners, umso mehr, als es um ein öffentliches Palais geht. In diesem Zusammenhang sind das Hôtel d’Aché und das Hôtel Saint-Pierre – beide nicht mehr erhalten – gute Beispiele für die Bedeutung der sozialen Rolle des Bewohners und seines Einflusses auf die Raumverteilung. Ende des 17. Jhs. erbaut, fungierten sie abwechselnd als Dienstwohnung des Marinekommandeurs, und ihre Raumverteilung wurde mehr oder weniger tiefgreifend verändert. Die verschiedenen veränderungen, die in beiden Palais zu beobachten sind, zeigen, dass die soziale Stellung des Bewohners – und folglich auch des Bauwerkes – analog zu den Auswirkungen der Mentalitäten berücksichtigt werden müssen.
La maison de Lestrade à Viviers (Ardèche)
Authors: Soudière-Niault Judicaël de la
Published: May 2019

The « maison de Lestrade » in Viviers (Ardèche)

In the heart of the old city of Viviers, the «maison de Lestrade » is as remarkable for its volume and atypical forms as for its exceptional medieval decoration in the great chamber. Behind a somewhat off-putting exterior envelope appointed in a largely classical vocabulary, the interior of the residence reveals a vast Romanesque and Gothic programme developed for its ambitious patricians. The visible components are analyzed in order to retrace the most significant architectural phases in its rich history.
Understanding the Pathway of Gas Hydrate Formation with Porous Materials for Enhanced Gas Separation
Authors: Liu Jia , Wei Yajuan , Meng Wei , Li Pei-Zhou , Zhao Yanli , Zou Ruqiang
Published: May 2019

The reason that the stoichiometry of gas to water in artificial gas hydrates formed on porous materials is much higher than that in nature is still ambiguous. Fortunately, based on our experimental thermodynamic and kinetic study on the gas hydrate formation behavior with classic ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3 and irregular porous activated carbon combined with density functional theory calculations, we discover a microscopic pathway of the gas hydrate formation on porous materials. Two interesting processes including (I) the replacement of water adsorbed on the carbon surface by gas and (II) further replacement of water in the pore by gas accompanied with the gas condensation in the pore and growth of gas hydrate crystals out of the pore were deduced. As a result, a great enhancement of the selectivity and regeneration for gas separation was achieved by controlling the gas hydrate formation behavior accurately.
Perbandingan Tepung Sorgum (sorghum bicolor l. moench) dengan Tepung Singkong (Manihot Escolenta) dan Konsentrasi Gliserol Monostearat (GMS) terhadap Karakteristik Beras Analog Fortifikasi
Authors: Hadiyan Irfan , Cahyadi Wisnu , Nurminabari Ina Siti
Published: May 2019

Latar belakang dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan komoditi bahan pangan lokal sebagai upaya diversifikasi pangan dan untuk menanggulangi kekurangan akan zat gizi mikro. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan formulasi beras analog terbaik dengan menggunakan teknologi ekstruksi yang dapat diterima konsumen secara sensori. Secara spesifik penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari konsentrasi tepung sorgum merah dan tepung singkong dan konsentrasi gliserol monostearat terhadap beras analog yang difortifikasi. Manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan informasi mengenai pembuatan beras analog yang berbasis dari tanaman sorgum dan singkong yang dapat menjadi alternatif makanan pokok dan meningkatkan nilai tambah bahan pangan lokal. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua tahap yaitu penelitian pendahuluan sebagai yang ditujukan untuk menganalisis secara kimia terhadap bahan baku meliputi kadar air, karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang meliputi dua faktor yaitu perbandingan tepung sorgum merah dan tepung sigkong, faktor kedua adalah variasi konsentrasi gliserol monostearat (GMS)  Kemudian tahap yang kedua yaitu penelitian utama yang dilakukan meliputi rancangan respon organoleptik, penentuan sampel terpilih, dan analisis yang teridiri dari analisis secara kimia meliputi kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, serat, amilosa, amilopektin, zat besi, dan iodium, kemudian analisis secara mikrobiologis meliputi angka lempeng total dan analisis e.coli, kemudian analisis secara fisik meliputi pengukuran dimensi, bobot 1000 butir, dan densitas kamba.
Peningkatan Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Wortel (Daucus Carota L) Dengan Penggunaan Pupuk Organik Cair
Authors: Nahak Yustinus , Suryadi Tatang , Despita Rika
Published: May 2019

Wortel merupakan sayuran umbi yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi di Indonesia. Upaya peningkatan kuantitas umbi  dilakukan agar dapat memenuhi permintaan pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi penggunaan pupuk organik cair yang mampu menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan umbi wortel terbaik. Penelitian dilakukan di Lahan STPP Malang mulai Januari sampai Mei 2017. Metode Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL)  dengan 6 perlakuan konsentrasi yaitu: P0 (0 ml/liter/tanaman); P1 (45 ml/liter/tanaman); P2 (90 ml/liter/tanaman); P3(135 ml/liter/tanaman; P4 (180 ml/liter/tanaman); P5 (225 ml/liter/tanaman); P6 (270 ml/liter/tanaman). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga diperoleh 28 satuan percobaan. Penanaman dilakukan di polibag. Analisis data menggunakan uji anova 5% dan uji Duncan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tanaman terbaik akibat perlakuan  270 ml/liter/tanaman pupuk organik cair. Diameter umbi, panjang umbi dan berat segar umbi terbaik pada perlakuan 180 ml/liter/tanaman pupuk organik cair.