bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of Electronic Controller Based Robot Arm
Authors: Amudhan S. , Arul Kumar M. , Arockia Selvakumar A
Published: November 2015

Modern industrial robots are designed according to the principal design rules to construct light and stiff. When the controllers are used in industrial robots, the problem arises due to the repetitive motion and technical aspects of the controller. In this work, we proposed an alternative electronics controller design for the robotic arm in order to withstand various load conditions. The PIC controller is used to control the robot motion and to reduce time delay of motion and to analyze the performance of the prototype on various load conditions. In this paper, a robotic arm that serves as a tool to lift an object from one place to another where it can be widely used in factory is developed. The main focus of this work is to design, develop and to implement robot arm with enhanced control with stumpy cost. The proposed system is actuated by 3 DC motors and the motion of the robot arm is controlled by PIC micro controller. The robot arm is designed with two degree of freedom and talented to accomplish accurately simple tasks, such as light material handling, which will be integrated into a mobile platform that serves as an assistant for industrial work force. The designed arm lifts up to 2 kg object.
Design and Fabrication of Rice Transplanter Adopting System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Technique
Authors: Narendra Kumar J. , Bala Venkatesh K. , Mithun S. , Narendran S. , Srithar A.
Published: November 2015

Degradation of agriculture due to lower yield and lack of labour is an issue that needs to be looked upon and resolved. The solution comes through implementation of a well proven technique called “The System of Rice Intensification (SRI)”. The solution requires large amount of manpower and the task being very laborious involving working in stooping posture. The improvement involves incorporating the principles of SRI for better yield. This paper focusses on designing and developing an equipment for the implementation of SRI in the field at low cost.
Design for Combining Oil Seal and Bush Pressing
Authors: Mohan Sachin , Gurumurthy Sathyavel , Santharam S.
Published: November 2015

The work presented here is the study of combining two separate processes into single process by providing an automated pneumatic setup in ASHOK LEYLAND PVT LTD company. The process is carried out by using a fixture which could clamp the air seal in position. A pneumatic cylinder of suitable load is to be used on the rail arrangement to carry out oil sealing. The main objective of this work is to reduce the setup time and also to prevent the workers from getting injured while handling manually.
Design of Two-Axis Automatic Sun Tracking System Assisted with Manual Control through LabVIEW
Authors: Chandra Dheeraj P. , Avinash B. , Sai Pavan Kumar G. , Sivasakthivel P.S. , Venkatesan M.
Published: November 2015

With the fast depletion of the conventional energy resources and the amount of pollution it is creating, the entire world is looking for an alternative non-conventional and a renewable energy to lessen the dependency on the conventional energy resources. In this scenario, utilizing solar energy which is abundant in nature is gaining high attention. One way of utilizing solar energy is by using solar photovoltaic cells which convert light energy into electrical energy, but they are too costly and less efficient. Many techniques are being developed to reduce the cost and improve the efficiency in harnessing solar energy. Sun tracking technique is one of the methods to increase the efficiency of solar cells. The present work is focused on providing a microcontroller based automatic two-axis sun tracker using Photodiodes as sensors to track sun. The system is assisted with a manual control through LabVIEW (Graphical User friendly Interface) to aid during bad weather conditions.
Smoking cessation treatment for COPD smokers: the role of pharmacological interventions
Authors: Jiménez-Ruiz C.A. , Fagerström K.O.
Published: November 2015

Because stopping smoking is such a pressing necessity for COPD smokers physicians should use smoking cessation treatments aggressively. For optimal efficacy smoking cessation in COPD smokers should combine behavioral and pharmacological treatments. Three types of pharmacological treatments are proven to be safe and effective: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), Bupropion and Varenicline. Use of NRT, bupropion or varenicline, single or in combination, at standard doses or at high doses, for 8-12 weeks or for more than 6-12 months have proven to help these patients to quit. For optimizing efficacy these medications can also be introduced some weeks before actual quitting. In COPD smoking patients that are not interested in stopping completely or abruptly these medications can be used to aid cessation in a more gradual way. Pharmacotherapy to aid cessation in COPD smokers have proven to be highly cost effective.
Bridging the gap between self-directed learning of nurse educators and effective student support
Authors: Van Rensburg Gisela H. , Botma Yvonne
Published: November 2015

Background: Self-directed learning requires the ability to identify one’s own learning needs, develop and implement a plan to gain knowledge and to monitor one’s own progress. A lifelong learning approach cannot be forced, since it is in essence an internally driven process. Nurse educators can, however, act as role models to empower their students to become independent learners by modelling their own self-directed learning and applying a number of techniques in supporting their students in becoming ready for self-directed learning. Objectives: The aim of the article is to describe the manifestations and implications of the gap between self-directed learning readiness of nurse educators and educational trends in supporting students. Method: An instrumental case study design was used to gain insight into the manifestations and implications of self-directed learning of nurse educators. Based on the authentic foci of various critical incidents and literature, data were collected and constructed into a fictitious case. The authors then deductively analysed the case by using the literature on self-directed learning readiness as departure point. Four constructs of self-directed learning were identified, namely internal motivation, planning and implementation, self-monitoring and interpersonal communication. Supportive strategies were identified from the available literature. Results: Nine responses by nurse educators based on the fictitious case were analysed.Analysis showed that readiness for self-directed learning in terms of the identified constructswas interrelated and not mutually exclusive of one other. Conclusion: The success of lifelong learning is the ability to engage in self-directed learning which requires openness to learning opportunities, good self-concept, taking initiative and illustrating independence in learning. Conscientiousness, an informed acceptance of a responsibility for one’s own learning and creativity, is vital to one’s future orientation towards goal-directed learning. Knowledge and understanding of one’s own and students’ selfdirected learning abilities are critical for nurse educators. In the nursing profession, it has been shown that self-directed learning by the nurse educators has a direct relationship towards the development of a lifelong learning approach by their students. Supporting students towards becoming self-directed learners throughout their professional life, in turn, will impact directly on the quality of nursing and midwifery practice. (Article to follow)
Feeding preferences of Oxpeckers in Kruger National Park, South Africa
Authors: Ndlovu Mduduzi , Combrink Leigh
Published: November 2015

Oxpeckers reduce tick loads on ungulate hosts, but they are also known to feed on and exacerbate wounds. An understanding of the feeding behaviours and host preferences of these birds is important since they serve as agents of tick control on both domestic and wild ungulates. We conducted an observational study at two sites within the Kruger National Park in South Africa, exploring the feeding preferences of both Red-billed and Yellow-billed Oxpeckers. Oxpeckers’ host preferences, body-location preferences on different hosts, prevalence of feeding and non-feeding behaviours, and frequency of tolerance versus rejection in different hosts were determined. It was found that Yellow-billed Oxpeckers had a smaller range of hosts – typically larger-sized ungulates – and that Red-billed Oxpeckers diversify to smallersized ungulate hosts when in competition with Yellow-billed Oxpeckers. Body-location preferences were generally consistent across sites and across host species. Tick feeding and other host-feeding behaviours (around the eyes, nose, mouth and ears, and anogenital areas) were fairly common. Only six incidents of wound feeding, from a total of 855 observations, were recorded. Tolerance by an ungulate host species was not related to Oxpeckers’ host preferences, suggesting that other factors such as ungulate body size, tick species and tick stages on the host animal may play a significant role in the feeding preferences of Oxpeckers.Conservation implications: It is important to study Oxpeckers’ behavioural feeding preferences so as to better understand their ecology and present distribution, and to determine where they can be reintroduced in future. Reintroduction not only helps with the proliferation of Oxpeckers, but also benefits ungulate hosts through ectoparasite removal and the subsequent control of tick-borne diseases.
Особенности $A$ и $B$ типов в асимптотическом анализе решений параболического уравнения
Authors: Zakharov Sergei Viktorovich
Published: November 2015

Рассматривается задача Коши для квазилинейного параболического уравнения с малым параметром при старшей производной в двух случаях, когда решение предельной задачи имеет точку градиентной катастрофы. Интегралы, определяющие главное приближение, соотносятся с лагранжевой особенностью типа $A_3$ и краевой особенностью типа $B_3$. При другом выборе начальной функции получаются особые точки, соответствующие $A_{2n+1}$ и $B_{2n+1}$ с произвольным $n\geqslant 1$.
Стандартность, как инвариантная формулировка независимости
Authors: Vershik Anatolii Moiseevich
Published: November 2015

Понятие однородной стандартной фильтрации сигма-алгебр было введено автором в 1970 г. [Докл. АН СССР, 193:4 (1970), 748-751]. Основная теорема утверждала, что однородная фильтрация стандартна, т.е. порождается последовательностью независимых случайных величин (является бернуллиевской), тогда и только тогда, когда выполнен критерий стандартности. В недавних работах автора понятие стандартности было обобщено на произвольные фильтрации. В этой работе мы приводим подробные определения и характеризации марковских стандартных фильтраций. Понятие стандартности существенно в вероятностных, комбинаторных и алгебраических приложениях. В конце работы приводятся новые понятия, связанные с нестандартными фильтрациями.
Функциональное уравнение Хирцебруха и эллиптические функции уровня $d$
Authors: Buchstaber Victor Matveevich , Netay Igor Vitalievich
Published: November 2015

Функция $f(x)$ комплексного переменного $x$, регулярная в окрестности точки $x=0$ и такая, что $f(0)=0$, $f'(0)=1$, называется $n$-жесткой, если сумма вычетов функции $\prod_{i=0}^n1/f(x-x_i)$ не зависит от выбора не совпадающих точек $x_0,…,x_n$ в малой окрестности точки $x=0$. Ряд, задающий $n$-жесткую функцию, определяется функциональным уравнением. Это уравнение мы называем $n$-уравнением Хирцебруха. Каждая эллиптическая функции уровня $d$, где $d$ - делитель числа $n+1$, является $n$-жесткой. Описание многообразия всех $2$-жестких функций получено совсем недавно. Основным результатом настоящей работы является описание многообразия всех $3$-жестких функций.
Influence of Relining Post on the Bond Strength of Resin Cements
Authors: Bandéca Matheus Coelho , de Mendonça Adriano Augusto Melo , Filho Etevaldo Matos Maia , da Silva Bramante Fausto , Lima Darlon Martins , Conde Daniele Meira , Rodrigues Vandilson Pinheiro , Souza Soraia de Fátima Carvalho , Bauer José Roberto Oliveira , Lima Suellen Nogueira Linares
Published: November 2015

This study evaluated the influence of relining fiber posts on the bond strength (BS) of resin cements in the root canal. Forty bovine teeth were divided in four groups (n = 10)G1 (ARC)—fiber post cemented with resin cement RelyX ARC; G2 (ARC+Z350)—relined fiber post cemented with RelyX ARC; G3 (U200)—fiber post cemented with self-adhesive cement RelyX U200; G4 (U200+Z350)—relined fiber post cemented with RelyX U200. The roots were sectioned in six 1.2-mm slices and the push-out test was performed. Data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). For the conventional resin cement, there was no significant difference between groups G1-ARC (15.5 ± 3.8) and G2-ARC+Z350 (16.1 ± 4.5). For the self-adhesive cement, the results revealed higher BS values for relined posts G4-U200 + Z350 (19.9 ± 7.9) as compared to non-relined posts G3-U200 (14.4 ± 4.5). For both cements, in groups of relined posts, the apical and the cervical thirds presented similar BS. Relining enhances the performance of the self-adhesive resin cement, and the interaction between relining and root third influences the BS to the conventional resin cement.

How to cite this article

Conde DM, Rodrigues VP, de Fátima Carvalho Souza S, Bauer JRO, da Silva Bramante F, Lima SNL, Filho EMM, Bandeca MC, de Mendonça AAM, Lima DM. Influence of Relining Post on the Bond Strength of Resin Cements. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(7):559-564.
Use of Three-dimensional Plates in Mid-face Fracture: A Prospective Study
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Agrawal Amiya , Yadav Arvind , Chaudhary Manoj , Harjani Bhupendra
Published: November 2015

Aim

The aim of our study was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of three-dimensional (3D) plating system in the treatment of mid-face fractures.

Patients and methods

Thirty mid-face fractures in 18 patients at various anatomic locations were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using 3D plates. All patients were followed at regular intervals of 4th, 8th and 12th weeks respectively. Patients were assessed postoperatively for postoperative complication and occlusal stability. The incidence of neurosensory deficit, infection, masticatory difficulty, nonunion and malunion was also assessed.

Results

A significant reduction in fracture (72.2%) and occlusal stability (72.2%) was seen. The overall complication rate was (16.6%) which included two patients who developed postoperative paresthesia of lip, three patients had infection and two cases of masticatory difficulty which later subsided by higher antibiotics and 4 weeks of MMF. No evidence of nonunion and malunion was noted.

Conclusion

Single 3D titanium plates with 1.7 mm diameter holes and 1.7 mm screws were reliable and an effective treatment modality for mid-face fracture.

Clinical significance

Because of unique biogeometrical design owing to lesser amount of hardware material (fixation device) resulting into increased stability, the fixation in mid-face fractures is better in comparison to conventional 1.5 mm miniplate fixation.

How to cite this article

Singh M, Agrawal A, Chaudhary M, Kaur G, Harjani B, Yadav A. Use of Three-dimensional Plates in Mid-face Fracture: A Prospective Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(7):571-577.
Inflammation and Oral Cancer: An Update Review on Targeted Therapies
Authors: Patil Shankar Gouda , Patil Anuprita , Anand Rahul
Published: November 2015

In the recent past, numerous inflammation-mediated molecular pathways have been explored and studied as important events in carcinogenesis with respect to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). These pathways are engaged in numerous stages during tumorigenesis; which includes processes, like initiation, promotion, malignant conversion, invasion and metastasis. The inflammation-mediated/related carcinogenesis pathways reported in OSCC involves COX-2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p38α MAP kinase, NF-κB, STAT, RhoC, PPARγ, etc. Many researchers are trying to target these pathways to explore more effective therapeutic interventions in OSCC. The aim of the present paper is to briefly discuss these pathways, with special emphasis on the therapeutic utilities. The therapeutic targets for the aforementioned pathways were searched in databases pubmed and scopus with no restriction to date of publication. Articles published in English medical literature on OSCC were selected for discussion. The recent combinations, modifications in dosage and frequency, or the use of new anti-inflammatory compounds, may exemplify the next generation care for OSCC.

How to cite this article

Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Patil A, Anand R, Patil SG, Rao RS, Augustine D. Inflammation and Oral Cancer: An Update Review on Targeted Therapies. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(7):595-602.
Management of Edentulous Orofacial Dyskinesia
Authors: Sinha Namrata , Giri Tapan , Chethan MD , Mahadevan Vallabh , Tamrakar Amit
Published: November 2015

Edentulous orofacial dyskinesia is a rare condition, characterized by involuntary rhythmic movements of the mandible and presents an embarrassing situation for the patient. Edentulism has been considered as one of the proponents of these irregular movements, and rehabilitation of these patients with complete denture-fabrication using traditional technique restores the masticatory inefficiency and the esthetic component of the patient. Surprisingly, these movements disappear during the clinical steps of complete denture-fabrication and upon insertion of the dentures. Disturbances in the proprioception following loss of tooth may be a contributory factor for edentulous dyskinesia.

How to cite this article

Singh B, Sinha N, Giri T, Chethan MD, Mahadevan V, Tamrakar A. Management of Edentulous Orofacial Dyskinesia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(7): 607-611.
Is It Possible to induce Artificial Caries-affected Dentin using the Same Protocol to Primary and Permanent Teeth?
Authors: Lenzi Tathiane Larissa , Soares Fabio Zovico Maxnuck , Tedesco Tamara Kerber , Rocha Rachel de Oliveira
Published: November 2015

Aim

Thisin vitrostudy compared the mineral loss of natural and artificially-created caries-affected dentin in primary and permanent teeth using the same protocol to induce caries lesions.

Materials and methods

Twenty molars presenting natural occlusal dentin caries lesions (10 primary–PriC and 10 permanent– PermC; control group), and 20 sound molars (10 primary – PripH and 10 permanent–PermpH; experimental group), were selected. Occlusal cavities were prepared in teeth of the experimental group that were submitted to pH-cycling for 14 days to simulate caries-affected dentin. All specimens were longitudinally sectioned and prepared in order to obtain Knoop microhardness values from 15 to 250 ìm depth, starting in bottom of center of natural lesions or cavities. The microhardness (KHN) data were submitted to three-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05).

Results

Considering all depths, there was no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between the mineral loss of the control (PriC = 30.9 ± 6.4 and PermC = 40.8 ± 8.6) and experimental (PripH = 27.3 ± 11.1 and PermpH = 35.5 ± 14.0) groups, neither between primary and permanent teeth.

Conclusion

The mineral loss of the artificially-created cariesaffected dentin is similar to that from naturally developed dentin caries lesions.

Clinical significance

The pH-cycling model may be a suitable method to simulate caries-affected dentin in both permanent and primary teeth.

How to cite this article

Lenzi TL, Soares FZM, Tedesco TK, de Oliveira Rocha R. Is It Possible to induce Artificial Caries-affected Dentin using the Same Protocol to Primary and Permanent Teeth? J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):638-642.
The Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide Powder mixed with 0.2% Chlorhexidine Digluconate or mixed with Normal Saline as Intracanal Medicament in the Treatment of Apical Periodontitis
Authors: Menakaya Ifeoma N , Adegbulugbe Ilemobade C , Oderinu Olabisi H , Shaba Olufemi P
Published: November 2015

Aim

To compare the efficacy of calcium hydroxide powder mixed with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate or mixed with normal saline as intracanal medicament in the treatment of apical periodontitis.

Materials and methods

Subjects were 55 in number aged 17 to 60 years. Two-visit conventional root canal treatment was performed on 70 teeth. The teeth were divided by randomization (balloting) into two groups: control group and experimental group, each with 35 teeth treated with calcium hydroxide mixed with normal saline or with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate as intracanal medicament respectively. All treated teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically for signs and symptom of periapical infection at specified periods postoperatively. Overall efficacy of medicament was rated based on quality guidelines for endodontic treatment by the European Society of Endodontology 2006.

Results

A postoperative favorable outcome of 97.1% in the control group and 94.3% in the experimental group was observed at 6-month review. This difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The use of normal saline or 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate to mix calcium hydroxide used as intracanal medicament during endodontic treatment resulted in high postoperative favorable outcomes.

Clinical significance

Efficacy of 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate as a vehicle for mixing calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament in the treatment of apical periodontitis is compa rable to the efficacy of calcium hydroxide mixed with normal saline.

How to cite this article

Menakaya IN, Adegbulugbe IC, Oderinu OH, Shaba OP. The Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide Powder mixed with 0.2% Chlorhexidine Digluconate or mixed with normal Saline as Intracanal Medicament in the Treatment of Apical Periodontitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):657-664.
Biocorrosion of Endodontic Files through the Action of Two Species of Sulfate-reducing Bacteria: Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis
Authors: Heggendorn Fabiano Luiz , Gonçalves Lucio Souza , Dias Eliane Pedra , Lione Viviane de Oliveira Freitas , Lutterbach Márcia Teresa Soares
Published: November 2015

Aim

This study assessed the biocorrosive capacity of two bacteria:Desulfovibrio desulfuricansandDesulfovibrio fairfieldensison endodontic files, as a preliminary step in the development of a biopharmaceutical, to facilitate the removal of endodontic file fragments from root canals.

Materials and methods

In the first stage, the corrosive potential of the artificial saliva medium (ASM), modified Postgate E medium (MPEM), 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution and white medium (WM), without the inoculation of bacteria was assessed by immersion assays. In the second stage, test samples were inoculated with the two species of sulphur-reducing bacteria (SRB) on ASM and modified artificial saliva medium (MASM). In the third stage, test samples were inoculated with the same species on MPEM, ASM and MASM. All test samples were viewed under an infinite focus Alicona microscope.

Results

No test sample became corroded when immersed only in media, without bacteria. With the exception of one test sample between those inoculated with bacteria in ASM and MASM, there was no evidence of corrosion. Fifty percent of the test samples demonstrated a greater intensity of biocorrosion when compared with the initial assays.

Conclusion

Desulfovibrio desulfuricansandD. fairfieldensisare capable of promoting biocorrosion of the steel constituent of endodontic files.

Clinical significance

This study describes the initial development of a biopharmaceutical to facilitate the removal of endodontic file fragments from root canals, which can be successfully implicated in endodontic therapy in order to avoiding parendodontic surgery or even tooth loss in such events.

How to cite this article

Heggendorn FL, Gonçalves LS, Dias EP, de Oliveira Freitas Lione V, Lutterbach MTS. Biocorrosion of Endodontic Files through the Action of Two Species of Sulfatereducing Bacteria:Desulfovibrio desulfuricansandDesulfovibrio fairfieldensis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):665-673.
Effectiveness of Oral Antiseptics on Tooth Biofilm: A Study in vivo
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , Filho Etevaldo Matos Maia , Junior José Carlos Elias Mouchrek , Nunes Lívia Helena de Araújo Castro , Arruda Cleidiane Silveira , de Castro Rizzi Claudia , Mouchrek Adriana Quinzeiro e Silva , Tavarez Rudys Rodolfo De Jesus
Published: November 2015

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness of five different mouthwashes through measurement of the plaque index.

Materials and methods

Fifty subjects took part in this blind study, randomized into blocks of five groups according to the active ingredient of the mouthwash: CHX group (0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate), essential oils (EO) group, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) group, Tri group (triclosan) and Hamamelis virginiana (HV) group. All subjects were evaluated for a reduction in the bacterial plaque index at 7, 14 and 21 days.

Results

There was a significant reduction in the mean plaque index during the period of evaluation (p < 0.01), and the reduction during the period of evaluation was different between mouthwashes (p < 0.01). The reduction in the plaque index at the end of 21 days was, in decreasing order, CHX > EO > CPC > Tri > HV.

Conclusion

The reduction in the plaque index during the period of evaluation was different between the types of mouthwash. The mouthwash containing the active ingredient chlorhexidine was the most effective, followed by the essential oil, cetylpyridinium chloride, triclosan and H. virginiana.

How to cite this article

Junior Mouchrek JCE, Nunes LHAC, Arruda CS, Rizzi CC, Mouchrek AQS, Tavarez RRJ, Tonetto MR, Bandeca MC, Maia Filho EM. Effectiveness of Oral Antiseptics on Tooth Biofilm: A Study in vivo. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):674-678.
Genotoxicity of Endodontic Materials: A Critical Review
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamid , Mohammadi Zahed , Shalavi Sousan
Published: November 2015

Genotoxicity is an action on cell's genetic material which may affect its integrity. This includes certain types of radiations and also certain chemical compounds. Genotoxic materials are those with affinity to interact with DNA but render them potentially carcinogenic or mutagenic. This review will address the genotoxicity of endodontic irrigants, medicaments and sealers.

How to cite this article

Mohammadi Z, Shalavi S, Jafarzadeh H, Bhandi S, Patil S. Genotoxicity of Endodontic Materials: A Critical Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):692-696.
Management of Maxillary Deformity with Segmental Osteotomy followed by Implant Insertion in β-Thalassemia Major Patient
Authors: Pektas Zafer Ozgur , Cubuk Secil , Kircelli Beyza , Uckan Sina
Published: November 2015

Aim

The aim of this report is to present the management of the maxillary deformity and subsequent implant therapy of a case with β-thalassemia major.

Background

β-thalassemia is a hematologic disorder that results from the abnormality of the β-globulin chain synthesis. The best known thalassemia-induced dentofacial problem is the maxillary enlargement, and this undesirable growth of maxilla affects not only the facial esthetics but also dental occlusion, and leads to functional deficiency.

Case description

A 16-year-old female patient with â-thalassemia major was referred with the complaints of severe facial deformity and malocclusion, resulting in psychosocial and functional problems for her. The dentofacial deformity was characterized by an excessive premaxillary growth both in sagittal and vertical planes. Anterior maxillary osteotomy was performed with bilateral canines extraction, and dental implants were inserted to the canine regions, following bone healing. Postoperative course was free of problems with the crown restorations in function. Recurrence has not been occurred at 6 years follow-up.

Conclusion

With maintaining hemoglobin level over 10 gm/dl, correction of maxillary defects is stable for long-term in â-thalassemia major patient. Implant application to these patients may lead to unforeseeable results.

Clinical significance

Although having some difficulties, such as overbleeding and stability problems, maxillary enlargement can be treated by segmental osteotomies successfully in β-thalassemia major patient. Implant failure frequency may be higher, but many other studies are needed for determining implant survival rate in β-thalassemia major patients.

How to cite this article

Pektas ZO, Cubuk S, Kircelli B, Uckan S. Management of Maxillary Deformity with Segmental Osteotomy followed by Implant Insertion in β-Thalassemia Major Patient. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):704-707.
The Japanese Comfort Women and Sexual Slavery during the China and Pacific Wars
Authors: Norma Caroline
Published: November 2015

The Japanese military was responsible for the sexual enslavement of thousands of women and girls in Asia and the Pacific during the China and Pacific wars under the guise of providing ‘comfort’ for battle-weary troops. Campaigns for justice and reparations for ‘comfort women’ since the early 1990s have highlighted the magnitude of the human rights crimes committed against Korean, Chinese and other Asian women by Japanese soldiers after they invaded the Chinese mainland in 1937. These campaigns, however, say little about the origins of the system or its initial victims.

The Japanese Comfort Women and Sexual Slavery during the China and Pacific Wars explores the origins of the Japanese military’s system of sexual slavery and illustrates how Japanese women were its initial victims.
Aesthetics of Displacement: Turkey and its Minorities on Screen
Authors: Köksal Özlem
Published: November 2015

Displacement does not only have an effect on groups’ and individuals’ ways of relating to their identity and their past but the knowledge and experience of it also has an impact on its representation. Looking at films that represent the experience of displacement in relation to Turkey’s minorities, Aesthetics of Displacement argues that there is a particular aesthetic continuity among the otherwise unrelated films. Özlem Köksal focuses on films that bring taboo issues concerning the repression of minorities into visibility, arguing that the changing political and social conditions determine not only the types of stories told but also the ways in which these stories are told.

Focusing on aesthetic and narrative continuities, the films discussed include Ararat, Waiting for the Clouds and Once Upon a Time in Anatolia among others. Each film is examined in light of major historical event(s) and their context (political and social) as well as the impact these events had on the construction of both minority and Turkish identity.
Observationally-constrained carbonaceous aerosol source estimates for the Pearl River Delta area of China
Authors: Li N. , Fu T.-M. , Cao J. J. , Zheng J. Y. , He Q. Y. , Long X. , Zhao Z. Z. , Cao N. Y. , Fu J. S. , Lam Y. F.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. We simulated elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) aerosols over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) area of China and compared the results to seasonal surface measurements, with the aim of quantifying carbonaceous aerosol sources from a "top-down" perspective. Our regional model was driven by current-best estimates of PRD EC (39.5 Gg C yr−1) and OC (32.8 Gg C yr−1) emissions and included updated secondary organic aerosol formation pathways. The simulated annual mean EC and OC concentrations were 4.0 and 7.7 μg C m−3, respectively, lower than the observed annual mean EC and OC concentrations (4.5 and 13.1 μg C m−3, respectively). We used multiple regression to match the simulated EC against seasonal mean observations. The resulting top-down estimate for EC emission in the PRD area was 52.9 ± 8.0 Gg C yr−1. We estimated the OC emission in the PRD area to be 60.2 ± 10.3 Gg C yr−1, based on the top-down EC emission estimate and the primary OC / EC ratios derived from bottom-up statistics. Using these top-down emission estimates, the simulated average annual mean EC and OC concentrations were improved to 4.4 and 9.5 μg C m−3, respectively, closer to the observations. Secondary sources accounted for 42 % of annual mean surface OC in our top-down simulations, with biogenic VOCs being the most important precursors.
Technical Note: Development of chemoinformatic tools to enumerate functional groups in molecules for organic aerosol characterization
Authors: Ruggeri G. , Takahama S.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Functional groups (FGs) can be used as a reduced representation of organic aerosol composition in both ambient and environmental controlled chamber studies, as they retain a certain chemical specificity. Furthermore, FG composition has been informative for source apportionment, and various models based on a group contribution framework have been developed to calculate physicochemical properties of organic compounds. In this work, we provide a set of validated chemoinformatic patterns that correspond to: (1) groups incorporated in the SIMPOL.1 vapor pressure estimation model, (2) FGs that are measurable by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), (3) a complete set of functional groups that can entirely describe the molecules comprised in the α-pinene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene MCMv3.2 oxidation schemes, and (4) bonds necessary for the calculation of carbon oxidation state. We also provide example applications for this set of patterns. We compare available aerosol composition reported by chemical speciation measurements and FTIR for different emission sources, and calculate the FG contribution to the O : C ratio of simulated gas phase composition generated from α-pinene photooxidation (using MCMv3.2 oxidation scheme).
Quantifying differences in land use emission estimates implied by definition discrepancies
Authors: Stocker B. D. , Joos F.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The quantification of CO2 emissions from anthropogenic land use and land use change (eLUC) is essential to understand the drivers of the atmospheric CO2 increase and to inform climate change mitigation policy. Reported values in synthesis reports are commonly derived from different approaches (observation-driven bookkeeping and process-modelling) but recent work has emphasized that inconsistencies between methods may imply substantial differences in eLUC estimates. However, a consistent quantification is lacking and no concise modelling protocol for the separation of primary and secondary components of eLUC has been established. Here, we review differences of eLUC quantification methods and apply an Earth System Model (ESM) of Intermediate Complexity to quantify them. We find that the magnitude of effects due to merely conceptual differences between ESM and offline vegetation model-based quantifications is ~ 20 % for today. Under a future business-as-usual scenario, differences tend to increase further due to slowing land conversion rates and an increasing impact of altered environmental conditions on land-atmosphere fluxes. We establish how coupled Earth System Models may be applied to separate secondary component fluxes of eLUC arising from the replacement of potential C sinks/sources and the land use feedback and show that secondary fluxes derived from offline vegetation models are conceptually and quantitatively not identical to either, nor their sum. Therefore, we argue that synthesis studies should resort to the "least common denominator" of different methods, following the bookkeeping approach where only primary land use emissions are quantified under the assumption of constant environmental boundary conditions.
Early warning signals in complex ecosystems
Authors: Weaver I. S. , Dyke J. G.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Given the potential for elements of the Earth system to undergo rapid, hard to reverse changes in state, there is a pressing need to establish robust methods to produce early warning signals of such events. Here we present a conceptual ecosystem model in which a diversity of stable states emerge, along with rapid changes, referred to as critical transitions, as a consequence of external driving and non-linear ecological dynamics. We are able to produce robust early warning signals that precede critical transitions. However, we show that there is no correlation between the magnitude of the signal and magnitude or reversibility of any individual critical transition. We discuss these findings in the context of ecosystem management prior to and post critical transitions. We argue that an understanding of the dynamics of the systems is necessary both for management prior and post critical transitions and the effective interpretation of any early warning signal that may be produced for that system.
Integrating peatlands into the coupled Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) v3.6 and the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM) v2.0
Authors: Wu Y. , Verseghy D. L. , Melton J. R.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Peatlands, which contain large carbon stocks that must be accounted for in the global carbon budget, are poorly represented in many earth system models. We integrated peatlands into the coupled Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) and the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM), which together simulate the fluxes of water, energy and CO2 at the land surface–atmosphere boundary in the family of Canadian Earth System Models (CanESMs). New components and algorithms were added to represent the unique features of peatlands, such as their characteristic ground floor vegetation (mosses), the slow decomposition of carbon in the water-logged soils and the interaction between the water, energy and carbon cycles. This paper presents the modifications introduced into the CLASS-CTEM modelling framework together with site-level evaluations of the model performance for simulated water, energy and carbon fluxes at eight different peatland sites. The simulated daily gross primary production and ecosystem respiration are well correlated with observations, with values of the Pearson correlation coefficient higher than 0.8 and 0.75 respectively. The simulated mean annual net ecosystem production at the eight test sites is 87 g C m−2 yr−1, which is 22 g C m−2 yr−1 higher than the observed annual mean. The general peatland model compares well with other site-level and regional-level models for peatlands, and is able to represent bogs and fens under a range of climatic and geographical conditions.
Defining high-flow seasons using temporal streamflow patterns from a global model
Authors: Lee D. , Ward P. , Block P.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Globally, flood catastrophes lead all natural hazards in terms of impacts on society, causing billions of dollars of damages annually. Here, a novel approach to defining high-flow seasons (3-month) globally is presented by identifying temporal patterns of streamflow. The main high-flow season is identified using a volume-based threshold technique and the PCR-GLOBWB model. In comparison with observations, 40 % (50 %) of locations at a station (sub-basin) scale have identical peak months and 81 % (89 %) are within 1 month, indicating fair agreement between modeled and observed high-flow seasons. Minor high-flow seasons are also defined for bi-modal flow regimes. Identified major and minor high-flow seasons together are found to well represent actual flood records from the Dartmouth Flood Observatory, further substantiating the model's ability to reproduce the appropriate high-flow season. These high-spatial-resolution high-flow seasons and associated performance metrics allow for an improved understanding of temporal characterization of streamflow and flood potential, causation, and management. This is especially attractive for regions with limited observations and/or little capacity to develop early warning flood systems.
An improved method for the determination of dissolved nitric oxide (NO) in seawater samples
Authors: Lutterbeck H. E. , Bange H. W.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived intermediate of the oceanic nitrogen cycle; however, due to its high reactivity, measurements of dissolved NO in seawater are rare. Here we present an improved method to determine NO concentrations in discrete seawater samples. The set-up of our system consisted of a chemiluminescence NO analyser connected to a stripping unit. The limit of detection for our method is 5 pmol NO in aqueous solution, which translates into 0.25 nmol L−1 when using a 20 mL seawater sample volume. Our method was applied to measure high-resolution depth profiles of dissolved NO during a cruise to the eastern tropical South Pacific Ocean. It is fast and comparably easy to handle; thus it opens the door for investigating the distribution of NO in the ocean, and it facilitates laboratory studies on NO pathways.
Aids for Dyslexia are Important Supporters of Life and Learning – Experiences of Finnish People with Dyslexia
Authors: Veijola Tiina , Määttä Kaarina , Uusiautti Satu , Äärelä Tanja
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the availability and usability of aids for dyslexia according to the experiences of people with dyslexia. This was a qualitative study in which people with dyslexia were asked to participate by filling out a qualitative survey. The analysis followed the principles of qualitative content analysis method. Participants (N=11) were 15-65-year-old Finnish people with diagnosed dyslexia who use aids for dyslexia regularly. The purpose of this study was to answer the following research questions: (1) How do the people with dyslexia describe the importance of the aids for dyslexia in their everyday life and learning?; (2) Which aids for dyslexia do the people with dyslexia consider the most usable and beneficial?; and (3) What challenges have the people with dyslexia faced when using aids for dyslexia? According to the findings, aids for dyslexia were considered irreplaceably important and supported everyday life in numerous ways. The participants reported that they used aids in many areas of life, such as in school, work, and leisure. The most usable aids were computers (especially word processing soft wares), tablets, and smart phones. Most of the participants had used one or more of them. The biggest challenges were the expensiveness of aids and difficulties in learning to use aids. As the knowledge about dyslexia and number of diagnoses increase, new studies on the possible aids and their developmental needs are required. Versatile aids can provide personal help and support the coping of people with dyslexia in many areas of life. Furthermore, the study showed that, based on the participants’ experiences, more attention should be paid on the product development of aids for dyslexia in the future.
Parenting Styles, Parental Involvement in School, and Educational Functioning of Children with Special Needs Integrated into Mainstream Education
Authors: Yaffe Yosi
Published: November 2015

The study examined the relationship between parenting style and parental involvement in school, and educational functioning among children with various disabilities integrated into mainstream education. It included 116 parents of children with special needs who reported their children according to formal educational evaluations they possessed. The sample of children reported by parents disproportionately represents six age layers ( =9.23, SD=1.85( and 3 main disability groups. Multivariate regression analyses indicated that parenting style and parental involvement in school explain a significant proportion of the variance in educational functioning among children with attention deficit disorders and complex disabilities. Within the first group, parental involvement significantly mediated the relationship between parenting style and educational functioning. Parenting style and parental involvement modestly predicted academic achievements in language skills and mathematics field (respectively) in the general sample. Significant relationships between parenting style and educational functioning and achievements in these tests pointed to better performance of children of authoritative parents compared with children of authoritarian parents. The main findings stress the need to encourage and nurture authoritative parenting traits, along with consistent parental involvement in school, as significant means of improving and strengthening the educational functioning among children with special needs integrated into mainstream education.
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Reviewer Acknowledgements for Higher Education Studies, Vol. 5, No. 6
Authors: Lin Sherry
Published: November 2015

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Higher Education Studies, Vol. 5, No. 6, 2015
Formation of Future Teachers’ Professional Competence on the Basis of Polylingual Approach: The State Analysis
Authors: Zhorabekova Ainur N.
Published: November 2015

Nowadays the institutions of higher education are facing new challenges, the which aim is to provide highly qualified specialists who have mastered not only professional knowledge, but also ready for intercultural multilingual communication, solving problems independently, teaching subjects in two or more languages. For teacher training, we need a polylingual multicultural environment, design and implementation of new technologies. In addition, content and language integrated learning will contribute to it, which is one of polylingual approaches. Therefore, the aim of our study is to analyze the state of formation of future teachers’ professional competence on the basis of polylingual approach. According to the developed diagnostic techniques, professional competence consists of three components: motivational, cognitive and operational. On the basis of these components there are highlighted criteria, indicators and levels characterizing the formation of the future teacher’s professional competence on the basis polylingual approach. The study presents the results of verifying experiment.
Local Integration Ontological Model of Creative Class Migrants for Creative Cities
Authors: Sangkakorn Korawan , Chakpitak Nopasit , Yodmongkol Pitipong
Published: November 2015

An innovative creative class drives creative cities, urban areas in which diverse cultures are integrated into social and economic functions. The creative city of Chiang Mai, Thailand is renowned for its vibrant Lan Na culture and traditions, and draws new migrants from other areas in Thailand seeking to become part of the creative class. This study aims to classify a local integration model for the migrant creative class, and to suggest a set of indicators that could be used to measure the level of successful integration of a migrant creative class when building creative cities. This study selected twelve creative class sample cases who are well known in Chiang Mai and separated the sample into three groups; educator, researcher, and innovator. The study’s agenda consisted of open-ended questions with a semi-structured format for the in-depth interview, and follows a local integration ontology model.

The study found that the local integration model consisted of four key domains: means and work, social connection, facilities, and foundations domains. Significant factors are included in each domain, and all four domains are important for the local integration of the creative class in creative cities. Annotation Ontology was used for determining the critical factors for success for migrants in creative cities: namely job, training, social bridge, and language and cultural knowledge.

This study presents a new model, the Lan Na Local Integration Metric, which can be applied to understand the successful integration of migrants into the Lan Na region of Chiang Mai.