bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case of primary pulmonary angiosarcoma arising from tuberculous scar with fatal capillary bleeding
Authors: Wang Minghui , Zhang Xin , Jiang Hongni
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

The etiology of primary pulmonary angiosarcoma is still unknown. Here we report a case of primary pulmonary angiosarcoma originated from a tuberculous scar and presented as aggressive deterioration with uncontrolled bleeding from capillaries with angiodysplasia.
Leveraging Halogen Interactions for a Supramolecular Nanotube
Authors: Fisher Sergey , Malaspina Lorraine A. , Gozálvez Martínez Cristian , Prescimone Alessandro , Balmohammadi Yaser , Grabowsky Simon , Šolomek Tomáš
Published: March 2024

We demonstrate the formation of supramolecular nanotubes from molecular triangles in a single crystal by balancing the hydrogen bonds and halogen interactions between individual macrocycles. Thereby, we template the supramolecular nanotube growth by intermolecular interactions encoded directly in the macrocycles instead of those provided by the crystallization solvent. Ultimately, we show that replacing bromines for iodines in the macrocycle is necessary to achieve this supramolecular organization by enhancing the strength of the halogen interactions and concomitant reduction of the detrimental hydrogen bonds. We investigated the nature and the interplay of the individual intermolecular interactions by analysis of the experimental single crystal data and quantum chemical calculations. This work enriches the available toolbox of supramolecular interactions and will aid and abet the development of rationally‐designed materials with a long‐range 1D tubular organization.
Mesogenic Ordering–Driven Self–Assembly of Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymers in Solution
Authors: Jin Bixin , Hu Lingjuan , Li Xiaoyu
Published: March 2024

With the development of nanotechnology, the preparation of polymeric nanoparticles with nicely defined structures has been well–developed, and the functionalization and subsequent applications of the resultant nanostructures are becoming increasingly important. Particularly, by introducing mesogenic ordering as the driving force for the solution–state self–assembly of liquid crystalline (LC) block copolymers (BCPs), micellar nanostructures with different morphologies, especially anisotropic morphologies, can be easily prepared. This review summarizes the recent progress in the solution–state self–assembly of LC BCPs and is mostly focused on four main related aspects, including an in–depth understanding of the mesogenic ordering–driven self–assembly, precise assembly methods, utilization of these methods to fabricate hierarchical structures, and the potential applications of these well–defined nanostructures. We hope not only to make a systematic summary of previous studies but also to provide some useful thinking for the future development of this field.
Differentiating electrocardiographic indications of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism: A cross‐sectional study in Southern Iran from 2015 to 2020
Authors: Bahreini Zahra , Kamali Maliheh , Kheshty Fatemeh , Bazrafshan Drissi Hamed , Boogar Shahrokh Sadeghi , Bazrafshan Mehdi
Published: March 2024

Background

Although using electrocardiogram (ECG) for pulmonary embolism (PE) risk stratification has shown mixed results, it is currently used as supplementary evidence in risk stratification. This cross‐sectional study aimed to assess and compare ECG findings of massive and submassive PE versus segmental PE.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 250 hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of acute PE from 2015 to 2020 in Southern Iran. Demographic variables, clinical data, troponin levels, on‐admission ECG findings, echocardiography findings, and ECG findings 24 h after receiving anticoagulants or thrombolytics were extracted.

Results

Patients diagnosed with submassive or massive PE exhibited significantly higher rates of right axis deviation (p = .010), abnormal ST segment (p < .0001), S1Q3T3 pattern (p < .0001), inverted T wave in leads V1–V3 (p < .0001), inverted T wave in leads V4–V6 (p < .0001), and inverted T wave in leads V1‐V6 (p < .0001). In a multivariable model, inverted T wave in leads V1–V3, inverted T wave in leads V4–V6, pulse rate, and positive troponin test were the statistically independent variables for predicting submassive or massive PE. Furthermore, inverted T wave in leads V1–V3 (sensitivity: 85%, specificity: 95%, accuracy: 93%, AUC: 0.902) and troponin levels (sensitivity: 72%, specificity: 86%, accuracy: 83%, AUC: 0.792) demonstrated the best diagnostic test performance for discriminating submassive or massive PE from segmental PE.

Conclusion

In addition to clinical rules, ECG can serve as an ancillary tool for assessing more invasive testing and earlier aggressive treatments among patients with PE, as it can provide valuable information for the diagnosis and risk stratification of submassive or massive PE.
Advancing high‐performance one‐dimensional Si/carbon anodes: Current status and challenges
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Mu Yongbiao , Liao Zifan , Chu Youqi , Kang Shaowei , Wu Bu‐ke , Liao Ruixi , Han Meisheng , Li Yiju , Zeng Lin
Published: March 2024

Silicon (Si) anodes, known for their high capacity, confront obstacles such as volume expansion, the solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) formation, and limited cyclability, driving ongoing research for innovative solutions to enhance their performance in next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). This comprehensive review explores the forefront of one‐dimensional (1D) Si/carbon anodes for high‐performance LIBs. This review delves into cutting‐edge strategies for fabricating 1D Si/carbon structures, such as nanowires, nanotubes, and nanofibers, highlighting their advantages in mitigating volume expansion, enhancing electron/ion transport, and bolstering cycling stability. The review showcases remarkable achievements in 1D Si/carbon anode performance, including exceptional capacity retention, high‐rate capability, and prolonged cycle life. Challenges regarding scalability, cost‐effectiveness, and long‐term stability are addressed, providing insights into the path to commercialization. Additionally, future directions and potential breakthroughs are outlined, guiding researchers and industries toward harnessing the potential of 1D Si/carbon anodes in revolutionizing energy storage.
Highly Efficient and Reproducible Sonochemical Synthesis of ZnO Nanocrystals
Authors: Fioravanti Ambra , Mazzocchi Mauro , Marani Pietro , Pedrielli Francesca , Carotta Maria Cristina , Sacerdoti Michele , Valsania Maria Carmen , Morandi Sara
Published: March 2024

Sonochemical synthesis can be a facile, fast, efficient, versatile and economical way to prepare a large variety of conventional or novel nanostructured materials (metallic, magnetic, semiconducting, polymeric, etc.). In this work, zinc oxide nanocrystals were synthesized by irradiating and heating at 90 °C in a commercial ultrasonic bath a water solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and ammonia solution or hexamethylenetetramine as base catalysts. The evolution of the powder morphology and its crystalline structure were investigated at different times of ultrasonic irradiation (0–9 hours) and compared with those of samples obtained by only heating the solutions in a muffle furnace in order to enlighten the growth mechanism. It resulted that: i) the crystal morphology depends on the selected base, ii) for samples obtained by using ultrasounds, the homogeneity of the powders depends on the irradiation time, iii) by comparing all samples obtained at 7 hours of heating, the aspect ratio of the crystals is higher for those that also underwent to ultrasounds.
Mouse Model of Chronic Social Stress‐Induced Excessive Pavlovian Aversion Learning‐Memory
Authors: Sigrist Hannes , Hogg David E. , Senn Alena , Pryce Christopher R.
Published: March 2024

Increased experience of aversive stimuli/events is a psychological‐neurobiological state of major importance in psychiatry. It occurs commonly in generalized anxiety disorder, post‐traumatic stress disorder, and major depression. A sustained period of exposure to threat (chronic stressor) is a common risk factor, and a major symptom is generalized excessive perception of, and reactivity to, aversive stimuli. In rodents, Pavlovian aversion learning and memory (PAL, PAM), quantified in terms of the conditioned defensive behavior freezing, is an extensively studied behavioral paradigm, and well understood in terms of underlying neural circuitry. In mice, chronic social stress (CSS) is a 15‐day resident‐intruder paradigm in which C57BL/6 adult males are exposed continuously and distally to dominant‐aggressive CD‐1 male mice (sustained threat) interspersed with a brief daily period of proximal attack (acute threat). To ensure that physical wounding is minimized, proximal attacks are limited to 30 to 60 s/day and lower incisor teeth of CD‐1 mice are blunted. Control (comparison) mice are maintained in littermate pairs. The CSS and CD‐1 mice are maintained in distal contact during subsequent behavioral testing. For PAL, CSS and control (CON) mice are placed in a conditioning chamber (context) and exposed to a tone [conditioned stimulus (CS)] and mild, brief foot shock [unconditioned stimulus (US)]. For PAM, mice are placed in the same context and presented with CS repetitions. The CSS mice acquire (learn) and express (memory) a higher level of freezing than CON mice, indicating that CSS leads to generalized hypersensitivity to aversion, i.e., chronic social aversion leads to increased aversion salience of foot shock. Distinctive features of the model include the following: high reproducibility; rare, mild wounding only; male specificity; absence of “susceptible” vs “resilient” subgroups; behavioral effects dependent on continued presence of CD‐1 mice; and preclinical validation of novel compounds for normalizing aversion hypersensitivity with accurate feedforward prediction of efficacy in human patients. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Chronic social stress (CSS)

Basic Protocol 2: Pavlovian aversion learning and memory (PALM)
Secondary school teachers' perceptions of the shared creative processes and the potential role of technology in the expressive arts
Authors: Chapman Sammy , Beauchamp Gary , Griffiths Merris
Published: March 2024

With the introduction of Curriculum for Wales and the restructuring of subjects into Areas of Learning and Experience (AoLE), each AoLE is encouraged to have ‘an identifiable disciplinary and instrumental core’. When considered in combination with the COVID‐19 pandemic and increased technology use within teaching, both the shared creative processes and the potential role of technology are important to conceptualise. This paper provides insight into expressive arts teachers' perceptions of the macro‐level creative processes shared across each subject area through a technology lens. A new tripartite classification provides clarity regarding the macro‐level creative processes (Creative opportunities, Critical responses and Performance/production) and the role of technology to enable equal opportunities and wider accessibility for learners to access, and potentially succeed within, the creative process.
Geographical distribution and species variation of gut microbiota in small rodents from the agro‐pastoral transition ecotone in northern China
Authors: Wu Yongzhen , Zhou Taoxiu , Gu Chen , Yin Baofa , Yang Shengmei , Zhang Yunzeng , Wu Ruiyong , Wei Wanhong
Published: March 2024

The gut microbiota of rodents is essential for survival and adaptation and is susceptible to various factors, ranging from environmental conditions to genetic predispositions. Nevertheless, few comparative studies have considered the contribution of species identity and geographic spatial distance to variations in the gut microbiota. In this study, a random sampling survey encompassing four rodent species (Apodemus agrarius, Cricetulus barabensis, Tscherskia triton and Rattus norvegicus) was conducted at five sites in northern China's farming–pastoral ecotone. Through a cross‐factorial comparison, we aimed to discern whether belonging to the same species or sharing the same capture site predominantly influences the composition of gut microbiota. Notably, the observed variations in microbiome composition among these four rodent species match the host phylogeny at the family level but not at the species level. The gut microbiota of these four rodent species exhibited typical mammalian characteristics, predominantly characterized by the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla. As the geographic distance between populations increased, the number of shared microbial taxa among conspecific populations decreased. We observed that within a relatively small geographical range, even different species exhibited convergent α‐diversity due to their inhabitation within the same environmental microbial pool. In contrast, the composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota in the allopatric populations of A. agrarius demonstrated marked differences, similar to those of C. barabensis. Additionally, geographical environmental elements exhibited significant correlations with diversity indices. Conversely, host‐related factors had minimal influence on microbial abundance. Our findings indicated that the similarity of the microbial compositions was not determined primarily by the host species, and the location of the sampling explained a greater amount of variation in the microbial composition, indicating that the local environment played a crucial role in shaping the microbial composition.
Anthropogenic bottom‐up and top‐down impacts on boreal breeding waterbirds
Authors: Holopainen Sari , Jaatinen Kim , Laaksonen Toni , Lindén Andreas , Nummi Petri , Piha Markus , Pöysä Hannu , Toivanen Tero , Väänänen Veli‐Matti , Alhainen Mikko , Lehikoinen Aleksi
Published: March 2024

Wetland habitats are changing under multiple anthropogenic pressures. Nutrient leakage and pollution modify physico‐chemical state of wetlands and affect the ecosystem through bottom‐up processes, while alien predators affect the ecosystems in a top‐down manner. Boreal wetlands are important breeding areas for several waterbird species, the abundances of which potentially reflect both bottom‐up and top‐down ecosystem processes. Here, we use long‐term national monitoring data gathered from c. 130 waterbird breeding sites in Finland from the 1980s to the 2020s. We hypothesised that the physico‐chemical state of the waters and increasing alien predator abundance both play a role in steering the waterbird population trends. We set out to test this hypothesis by relating population changes of 17 waterbird species to changes in water chemistry and to regional alien predator indices while allowing species‐specific effects to vary with foraging niche (dabblers, invertivore divers, piscivorous divers, herbivores), nesting site, female mass and habitat (oligotrophic, eutrophic). We found niche and nesting site‐specific, habitat‐dependent changes in waterbird numbers. While the associations with higher phosphorus levels and browning water were in overall positive at the oligotrophic lakes, the numbers of invertivore and piscivore diving ducks were most strongly negatively associated with higher phosphorus levels and browning water at the eutrophic lakes. Furthermore, increased pH levels benefitted piscivores. Invertivore diving duck species nesting on the wetlands had declined most on sites with high alien predator indices. Large herbivorous species and species preferring oligotrophic lakes seem to be successful. We conclude that the large‐scale breeding waterbird decline in Finland is closely connected to both bottom‐up and top‐down processes, where negative associations are emphasised especially at eutrophic lakes. Niche‐, nest site‐ and habitat‐specific management actions are required to conserve declining waterbird populations. Managing wetlands on catchments level together with alien predator control may provide important approaches to future wetland management.
Importance of eDNA taphonomy and sediment provenance for robust ecological inference: Insights from interfacial geochemistry
Authors: Sand K. K. , Jelavić S. , Kjær K. H. , Prohaska A.
Published: March 2024

Retrieval of modern and ancient environmental DNA (eDNA) from sediments has revolutionized our ability to study past and present ecosystems. Little emphasis has been placed, however, on the fundamentals of the DNA–sediment associations in environmental settings. Consequently, our understanding of mineralogic controls and geochemical processes that take place on the DNA–sediment interface, and its implications for eDNA taphonomy and provenance, remain extremely limited. Here, we apply interfacial geochemical principles to elucidate how depositional processes and the stability of DNA–sediment associations in different environments can influence our interpretation and identify possible interpretational biases arising from neglecting mineral and geochemical controls on eDNA taphonomy. We use atomic force microscopy to show how interfacial geochemical interactions drive DNA adsorption behavior and we outline how to increase the scope and resolution of ecological interpretations from eDNA by combining mineralogic composition information with experimental adsorption data. We bring the concepts together and propose how to integrate sediment provenance as well as mineralogic and geochemical principles in eDNA taphonomy analysis for improved reconstruction of past ecosystems and monitoring of modern ecosystems from eDNA data. We provide a conceptual understanding of how eDNA taphonomy and sediment provenance can be addressed and further applied to enhance the scope, resolution, and accuracy of modern and past ecological reconstructions based on eDNA data.
Challenges in using phosphorene as electrode material in lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Boretti Alberto
Published: March 2024

Despite its promising potential, phosphorene encounters substantial challenges that necessitate resolution before its practical implementation, particularly as an electrode material in batteries. Key hurdles encompass synthesis methods, scalability, stability, and seamless integration, alongside considerations of safety, cost, and standardization. While simulations and laboratory experiments showcase phosphorene's capabilities, tackling these challenges is imperative for transitioning from research to practical applications. Furthermore, fostering collaborative insights, mitigating redundancy, and catalyzing breakthroughs that extend beyond specific material‐design combinations are essential for delivering enhanced products being advanced through diverse materials and design pathways.
Futures trading costs and market microstructure invariance: Identifying bet activity
Authors: Hou Ai Jun , Nordén Lars L. , Xu Caihong
Published: March 2024

Market microstructure invariance (MMI) stipulates that trading costs of financial assets are driven by the volume and volatility of bets, but these variables are inherently difficult to identify. With futures transactions data, we estimate bet volume as the trading volume of brokerage firms that trade on behalf of their clients and bet volatility as the trade‐related component of futures volatility. We find that the futures bid–ask spread lines up with bet volume and bet volatility as predicted by MMI, and that intermediation by high‐frequency traders does not interfere with the MMI relation.
Improving detection of oral lesions: Eye tracking insights from a randomized controlled trial comparing standardized to conventional approach
Authors: Puladi Behrus , Coldewey Beatrice , Volmerg Julia S. , Grunert Kim , Berens Jeff , Rashad Ashkan , Hölzle Frank , Röhrig Rainer , Lipprandt Myriam
Published: March 2024

Background

Early detection of oral cancer (OC) or its precursors is the most effective measure to improve outcome. The reasons for missing them on conventional oral examination (COE) or possible countermeasures are still unclear.

Methods

In this randomized controlled trial, we investigated the effects of standardized oral examination (SOE) compared to COE. 49 dentists, specialists, and dental students wearing an eye tracker had to detect 10 simulated oral lesions drawn into a volunteer's oral cavity.

Results

SOE had a higher detection rate at 85.4% sensitivity compared to 78.8% in the control (p = 0.017) due to higher completeness (p < 0.001). Detection rate correlated with examination duration (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

A standardized approach can improve systematics and thereby detection rates in oral examinations. It should take at least 5 min. Perceptual and cognitive errors and improper technique cause oral lesions to be missed. Its wide implementation could be an additional strategy to enhance early detection of OC.
What are interviews for? A qualitative study of employment interview goals and design
Authors: Wingate Timothy G. , Bourdage Joshua S.
Published: March 2024

The employment interview is among the most versatile of staffing tools. Yet, the interview is rarely studied as a multipurpose tool. If the interview is used to serve multiple goals, then the interview can be effective (i.e., valid), and effectively designed, in multiple ways. The current study uses qualitative methodology to develop an inductive theory of interview goals and design based on conversational interviews with 29 experienced professional interviewers. Transcript data were analyzed with template analysis grounded in a postpositive epistemology and objectivist ontology. Results suggested that the interview is primarily used to serve three broad goals: performing a targeted assessment, making a positive impression, and informing the applicant. Interviewers reported a variety of strategies for adapting the interview to achieve and balance these goals. In short, findings suggest that the interview is used in multiple ways that have received very little research attention. These findings imply that the concept of interview validity should be expanded to include multiple interviewing goals, and that interview design should be understood as a complex function of these goals. Further implications for the research, theory, and practice of employment interviews are discussed.
Investigating the causal relationship between human blood/urine metabolites and periodontal disease using two‐sample Mendelian randomization
Authors: Yin Xinhai , Wu Yadong , Song Jukun
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims

The aim is to investigate the cause‐and‐effect connection between metabolites found in blood/urine and the likelihood of developing periodontal disease (PD) through the utilization of a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method.

Methods

Using an inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and two additional two‐sample MR models, we examined the relationship between blood/urine metabolites and PD by analyzing data from a comprehensive metabolome‐based genome‐wide association study and the Genome‐Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of PD. To assess the consistency and dependability of the findings, diversity, cross‐effects, and sensitivity analyses were conducted.

Results

Out of the 35 metabolites found in blood and urine, a total of eight metabolites (C‐reactive protein, Potassium in urine, Urea, Cystatin C, Non‐albumin protein, Creatinine, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Phosphate) displayed a possible causal connection with the risk of dental caries/PD using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method (p < 0.05). This includes five metabolites in the blood and three in the urine. No metabolites were statistically significant in IVW MR models (p < 3.68 × 10−4). Even after conducting sensitivity analysis with the leave‐one‐out method and removing the confounding instrumental variables, the impact of these factors on dental caries/PD remained significant.

Conclusion

Based on the available evidence, it is not possible to establish a significant causal link between the 35 blood metabolites and the likelihood of developing dental caries and PD.
Bayesian collapsed Gibbs sampling for a stochastic volatility model with a Dirichlet process mixture
Authors: Wu Frank C. Z.
Published: March 2024

This paper replicates the results of the stochastic volatility–Dirichlet process mixture (SV‐DPM) models proposed in Jensen and Maheu (2010) in both a narrow and a wide sense. By using a normal‐Wishart prior and the collapsed Gibbs sampling method, our algorithm can be applied for more general settings, and it is more efficient for sampling the Dirichlet process mixture. For the stochastic volatility component, we adopt the method in Chan (2017) to further increase the overall efficiency of our algorithm. Using the same dataset, we obtain mixed results. Some of the results have significant differences. If we use recent time period dataset, which includes the COVID‐19 pandemic period, the log market portfolio volatility seems to increase in terms of the number of clusters and size of magnitude.
Influence of optical clearing agents on the scattering properties of human nail bed and blood microrheological properties: In vivo and in vitro study
Authors: Moldon P. A. , Ermolinskiy P. B. , Lugovtsov A. E. , Timoshina P. A. , Lazareva E. N. , Surkov Yu. I. , Gurfinkel Y. I. , Tuchin V. V. , Priezzhev A. V.
Published: March 2024

Optical clearing agents (OCAs) are substances that temporarily modify tissue's optical properties, enabling better imaging and light penetration. This study aimed to assess the impact of OCAs on the nail bed and blood using in vivo and in vitro optical methods. In the in vivo part, OCAs were applied to the nail bed, and optical coherence tomography and optical digital capillaroscopy were used to evaluate their effects on optical clearing and capillary blood flow, respectively. In the in vitro part, the collected blood samples were incubated with the OCA and blood aggregation properties were estimated using diffuse light scattering techniques. The results indicate that OCAs significantly influence the optical properties of the nail bed and blood microrheology. These findings suggest that OCAs hold promise for improving optical imaging and diagnostics, particularly for nail bed applications, and can modify blood microrheology.
In vivo healing of low temperature deproteinized bovine bone xenograft in a rabbit cranial model
Authors: Abdelmoneim Dina , Coates Dawn Elizabeth , Schmidlin Patrick , Botter Sander , Li Kai Chun , Porter Gemma Claire , Seo Benedict , Duncan Warwick John
Published: March 2024

The physicochemical properties of grafting materials affect the quality of the osteointegration, resorption rate, and the new bone (NB) formation. This study assessed the physicochemical properties and integration of a low temperature deproteinized bovine bone xenograft (BBX), referred to as optimized MoaBone® (OMB). This novel BBX was physiochemically characterized both pre and post chemical bleaching and sterilization by gamma irradiation. OMB was compared to two commercial BBX; Bio‐Oss® (BO) and MoaBone® (MB) using a rabbit cranial model. Residual graft and NB were quantified using histology and micro‐computed tomography. Results showed that chemical treatment and gamma irradiation had limited effect on the surface texture. A significant decrease in the collagen content was detected post chemical treatment and in the carbonate content post gamma irradiation. There was no evidence of inflammatory infiltrate, necrosis, or connective tissue encapsulation, and a significant increase of NB in all grafted sites as compared to untreated defects could be observed. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the grafted sites. We conclude that chemical treatment and terminal sterilization strongly impact the final graft's properties. OMB graft showed equivalence with BO for in vivo bone formation and potentially results in lower levels of graft retention.
A brief mindfulness‐based intervention, sleep quality, sleep duration, and fatigue among nurses: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Al‐Hammouri Mohammed Munther , Rababah Jehad A.
Published: March 2024

Aims

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of a mindfulness‐based intervention in improving sleep duration, sleep quality, and fatigue among Jordanian nurses.

Design and Methods

A randomized controlled trial was used to conduct this study. Data from 123 nurses (60 nurses in the interventional group and 63 nurses in the control group) were collected and analyzed. The primary outcome measures were compared between the intervention and control groups using repeated measure MANOVA to assess changes in sleep duration, sleep quality, and fatigue over time.

Results

The results showed that there was a statistically significant multivariate effect of the intervention on the linear combination of the dependent variables (sleep duration, sleep quality, and fatigue) (V = 0.23, F (3, 119) = 12.02, p < .001) with Partial η2 of 0.23. Follow‐up analysis showed that the intervention group had lower sleep disturbances (Mean difference = −6.53, CI = −7.79 to −5.26) and less fatigue (Mean difference = −13.36, CI = −17.24 to −9.47) than the control group.

Conclusions

The current study showed that the mindfulness‐based intervention effectively addresses sleep quality and fatigue in nurses, which in turn is expected to positively impact the health care system.

Clinical Relevance

Mindfulness‐based interventions effectively address sleep quality and fatigue associated with nurses' job performance and outcomes. Implementing brief mindfulness‐based interventions is crucial as they can be self‐implemented and fit into nurses' busy schedules.
Nrf2 pre‐recruitment at Enhancer 2 is a hallmark of H2O2‐induced epigenetic transcriptional memory in the HMOX1 gene in human umbilical artery endothelial cells
Authors: Carrasco‐Wong Ivo , Längst Gernot , Sobrevia Luis , Casanello Paola
Published: March 2024

Maternal obesity (MO) is a significant cause of increased cardiometabolic risk in offspring, who present endothelial dysfunction at birth. Alterations in physiologic and cellular redox status are strongly associated with altered gene regulation in arterial endothelium. However, specific mechanisms by which the pro‐oxidant fetal environment in MO could modulate the vascular gene expression and function during the offspring's postnatal life are elusive. We tested if oxidative stress could reprogram the antioxidant‐coding gene's response to a pro‐oxidant challenge through an epigenetic transcriptional memory (ETM) mechanism. A pro‐oxidant double‐hit protocol was applied to human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) and EA.hy 926 endothelial cell lines. The ETM acquisition in the HMOX1 gene was analyzed by RT‐qPCR. HMOX1 mRNA decay was evaluated by Actinomycin‐D treatment and RT‐qPCR. To assess the chromatin accessibility and the enrichment of NRF2, RNAP2, and phosphorylation at serin‐5 of RNAP2, at HMOX1 gene regulatory regions, were used DNase HS‐qPCR and ChIP‐qPCR assays, respectively. The CpG methylation pattern at the HMOX1 core promoter was analyzed by DNA bisulfite conversion and Sanger sequencing. Data were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA, and p < 0.05 was statistically significant. Using a pro‐oxidant double‐hit protocol, we found that the Heme Oxygenase gene (HMOX1) presents an ETM response associated with changes in the chromatin structure at the promoter and gene regulatory regions. The ETM response was characterized by a paused‐RNA Polymerase 2 and NRF2 enrichment at the transcription start site and Enhancer 2 of the HMOX1 gene, respectively. Changes in DNA methylation pattern at the HMOX1 promoter were not a hallmark of this oxidative stress‐induced ETM. These data suggest that a pro‐oxidant milieu could trigger an ETM at the vascular level, indicating a potential epigenetic mechanism involved in the increased cardiovascular risk in the offspring of women with obesity.
Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of a Single Dose of Apraglutide, a Novel, Long‐Acting, Synthetic glucagon‐like peptide‐2 Analog With a Unique Pharmacologic Profile, in Individuals With Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Greig Gérard , Youssef Nader N , Bolognani Federico
Published: March 2024

Renal impairment is a common complication in patients with short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS‐IF). Glucagon‐like peptide‐2 analogs, such as apraglutide, have been developed as a treatment option for SBS‐IF. This study assessed the potential for apraglutide overexposure in individuals with severely impaired renal function versus healthy volunteers with normal renal function. In this phase 1, open‐label, multicenter, nonrandomized, parallel‐group study, a single dose of apraglutide 5 mg was administered subcutaneously to individuals with severely impaired renal function (<30 mL/min/1.73 m2) and healthy volunteers with normal renal function (≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2). Primary pharmacokinetic endpoints were maximum observed concentration (Cmax) and exposure to apraglutide (area under the curve [AUC] from time 0 to infinity [AUCinf], and AUC from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration [AUClast]). Each group comprised 8 individuals. Results show that patients with severe renal impairment do not have increased apraglutide exposure. Apraglutide achieved a lower Cmax and AUCinf in individuals with severe renal impairment versus those with normal renal function (Cmax = 36.9 vs 59.5 ng/L; AUCinf = 3100 vs 4470 h · ng/mL, respectively). The respective geometric mean ratios were 0.620 and 0.693 for Cmax and AUCinf, and the upper bound of their 90% confidence intervals were <2, indicating patients with severe renal impairment were not overexposed to apraglutide versus those with normal renal function. Adverse events were mild or moderate in severity. Apraglutide does not require dose reduction for any degree of renal impairment and could be used in a broader patient population of renally impaired patients without dose adjustment.
“Emotional stress is more detrimental than the virus itself”: A qualitative study to understand HIV testing and pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among internal migrant men in South Africa
Authors: Nardell Maria Francesca , Govathson‐Mandimika Caroline , Garnier Salomé , Watts Ashley , Babalola Dolapo , Ngcobo Nkosinathi , Long Lawrence , Lurie Mark N. , Miot Jacqui , Pascoe Sophie , Katz Ingrid T.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

South Africa has one of the highest rates of internal migration on the continent, largely comprised of men seeking labour in urban centres. South African men who move within the country (internal migrants) are at higher risk than non‐migrant men of acquiring HIV yet are less likely to test or use pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, little is known about the mechanisms that link internal migration and challenges engaging in HIV services.

Methods

We recruited 30 internal migrant men (born outside Gauteng Province) during August 2022 for in‐depth qualitative interviews at two sites in Johannesburg (Gauteng) where migrants may gather, a factories workplace and a homeless shelter. Interviewers used open‐ended questions, based in the Theory of Triadic Influence, to explore experiences and challenges with HIV testing and/or PrEP. A mixed deductive inductive content analytic approach was used to review data and explain why participants may or may not use these services.

Results

Migrant men come to Johannesburg to find work, but unreliable income, daily stress and time constraints limit their availability to seek health services. While awareness of HIV testing is high, the fear of a positive diagnosis often overshadows the benefits. In addition, many men lack knowledge about the opportunity for PrEP should they test negative, though they express interest in the medication after learning about it. Additionally, these men struggle with adjusting to urban life, lack of social support and fear of potential stigma. Finally, the necessity to prioritize work combined with long wait times at clinics further restricts their access to HIV services. Despite these challenges, Johannesburg also presents opportunities for HIV services for migrant men, such as greater anonymity and availability of HIV information and services in the city as compared to their rural homes of origin.

Conclusions

Bringing HIV services to migrant men at community sites may ease the burden of accessing these services. Including PrEP counselling and services alongside HIV testing may further encourage men to test, particularly if integrated into counselling for livelihood and coping strategies, as well as support for navigating health services in Johannesburg.
Ultrasonography for the Detection of Osteomyelitis in Pediatric Patients With Soft Tissue Infection
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Deguchi Kuntaro , Takei Haruka , Sato Yumiko , Tanami Yutaka , Oguma Eiji
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To demonstrate the usefulness of ultrasonography for differentiating soft tissue infections with or without osteomyelitis in pediatric patients who underwent ultrasonography and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

Twenty‐three patients were classified into 2 groups: 12 patients with and 11 patients without osteomyelitis based on MRI. Osteomyelitis using ultrasound is characterized by the presence of bone cortex irregularity and/or subperiosteal abscess formation. The diagnostic performance of ultrasonography for detecting osteomyelitis and subperiosteal abscess formation was compared with that of MRI. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Of 12 osteomyelitis cases, 11 had abnormal bone marrow enhancement (one residual case did not undergo contrast enhancement study) and 5 had subperiosteal abscesses. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for osteomyelitis was 82.6% (number of correct diagnosis of osteomyelitis/total number = 19/23; 95% CI, 61.2–95.0) and for detecting periosteal abscess was 95.7% (number of correct diagnosis of periosteal abscess/total number = 22/23; 95% CI, 78.1–99.9), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography for detecting osteomyelitis were 66.7% (95% CI, 34.9–90.1) and 100% (95% CI, 71.5–100), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography for detecting periosteal abscess were 80% (95% CI, 28.4–99.5), and 100% (95% CI, 81.5–100), respectively. One‐third of osteomyelitis cases could not be detected using ultrasonography.

Conclusions

Ultrasonography may be useful for diagnosing osteomyelitis in pediatric patients; however, the technique appears limited by low sensitivity. However, it is more accurate for diagnosis of periosteal abscess in these patients.
Melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists in the treatment of nocturia: A systematic review
Authors: Burke Christine Anh , Nitti Victor W. , Stothers Lynn
Published: March 2024

Aim

Causes of nocturia may extend beyond primary bladder pathology and it has been commonly associated as a side effect of sleep disorders. This has led to the study of melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists as a primary treatment for nocturia hypothesized to be secondary to sleep disorders. We aim to systematically review the efficacy and reported safety of melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists in the treatment of nocturia.

Methods

A search strategy of EMBASE and Pubmed/Medline databases was utilized to identify eligible studies. Two thousand and twenty‐eight unique references were identified in concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews, of which nine papers met the inclusion criteria. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias criteria in the open label and nonplacebo studies was used to assess bias.

Results

The nine studies identified included 3 randomized double‐blinded placebo‐controlled trials, 2 randomized non‐placebo trial, and 4 prospective open‐label trials. Three utilized the melatonin‐receptor agonist ramelteon (8 mg) and six utilized melatonin (four 2 mg extended release, two 2 mg normal release). Nocturia improved in 8 studies varying from moderate to low efficacy related to reduction in nocturia episodes. Five studies evaluated sleep parameters finding improvement in both nocturia and sleep quality. Male subjects represented 76.8% of 371 total subjects in prospective and randomized trials. Ramelteon and melatonin were both reported as well tolerated during nocturia treatment. A meta‐analysis was not able to be performed due to the heterogeneity of bladder diagnoses.

Conclusions

At this time, there is insufficient evidence to routinely recommend melatonin as an effective treatment for nocturia given the limitations of current clinical studies. Randomized placebo‐controlled trials and prospective open label studies in non‐neurogenic populations report a trend towards nocturia improvement with good tolerability and rare side effects. Therefore, further larger scale randomized trials with focused urologic diagnoses in well‐characterized patient populations are warranted.
Study on liquid oxygen compatibility of poly(phthalazinone ether) resins and their composites
Authors: Wang Bing , Li Nan , Li Jiale , Cheng Shan , Bao Qingguang , Wang Ning , Jian Xigao
Published: March 2024

Nine poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) resins were designed and synthesized using three bisphenol and four halogenated monomers. Poly(phthalazinone bisphenol ether ketone) (PPBEK) and poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPBESK) demonstrated liquid oxygen compatibility (LOC), with PPBEK maintaining its LOC even after 20 days of immersion in liquid oxygen. The liquid oxygen compatibility mechanism of the polymers in the presence of force‐thermal‐chemical multi‐energy fields was analyzed using techniques such as thermal analysis‐infrared‐gas chromatography (TGA‐IR‐GC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced composites were fabricated using PPBEK and PPBESK as matrices, with CF‐PPBEK composites successfully achieving LOC. The microcracking resistance and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated in liquid oxygen at 90 K. The interaction mechanism between the composites and liquid oxygen was elucidated, providing theoretical guidance and an experimental foundation for the application of resin matrix composites in liquid oxygen storage tanks.

Highlights

Poly(phthalazinone ether) resins were meticulously designed and synthesized.

·PPBEK and PPBESK exhibited excellent liquid oxygen compatibility.

Composites exhibited excellent liquid oxygen compatibility.

Composites exhibited excellent low‐temperature performance and heat resistance.
Fatigue resistance of carbon fiber/polyphenylene sulfide composites engineered for automotive use
Authors: Morgado Guilherme Ferreira de Melo , Montagna Larissa Stieven , Gouvêa Ricardo Francisco , Guimarães Alessandro , Passador Fabio Roberto , Rezende Mirabel Cerqueira
Published: March 2024

This study comprehensively investigates a carbon fiber‐reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (CF/PPS) composite through tensile, fatigue, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), dynamic mechanical tests (DMA), and also fractographic analysis. Prepared via hot compression molding, the CF/PPS composites exhibit a consistent quality. Tensile tests show an elastic modulus of 37.2 ± 0.2 GPa and an average tensile strength of 800 ± 73 MPa. Fatigue tests demonstrate infinite life at 1 million cycles, achieved at 80% of the maximum stress level. Fractographic analyses unveil directly attributable fiber failures (DAFFs), affirming a robust fiber/matrix interface. DMA shows a glass transition temperature of 86°C, showcasing the composite's structural integrity across varied temperatures. With an ILSS of 68.8 ± 3.5 MPa, the composite displays excellent fiber‐matrix adhesion. The results highlight the suitability of the CF/PPS composite for high‐strength and lightweight applications in the automotive sector, offering valuable insights for material selection, design, and production processes. Thus, contributing to the production of durable and efficient automotive components among the challenges of modern and safe transportation.

Highlights

Comprehensive study on CF/PPS composites.

Varied mechanical assessments: tensile, fatigue, ILSS, DMA.

Uniform preparation via hot compression molding.

Detailed fractography reveals a strong fiber/matrix interface.

Suitability for high‐strength and lightweight automotive applications.
Preparation and properties of hybrid specific length carbon fiber thermoplastic composites by suspension method
Authors: Li Zhigang , Wang Jiabo , Wu Andi , Liu Tao , Wang Penglin , Wang Minghui , Liu Xueqiang
Published: March 2024

Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites have such advantages as low density, high strength, high temperature resistance, impact resistance, and good ductility, but due to the density difference between carbon fibers and resin fibers, it is difficult to mix them uniformly. Hence, it is difficult to prepare the composites with the uniform properties. In order to solve this problem, a preparation process based on solid phase mixing of carbon and resin fibers by suspension method is proposed in this paper. The carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPs) can be prepared by dispersing carbon fibers of a certain length (~50 mm) and resin fibers in suspension through ultrasound‐assisted and churn‐combing methods. The effects of carbon fiber length, content and molding process on the mechanical properties of the CFRTPs were studied. The results show that the carbon fiber content and length are the main factors affecting the mechanical properties as well as void ratio of CFRTP. The performance of composites is significantly improved with the increase of carbon fiber length. While the length of carbon fiber is 50 mm and the content is 30 wt%, the prepared CFRTP has the best performance, with the tensile strength of 182.1 MPa, the bending strength of 354.3 MPa, the impact strength of 67.2 KJ·m−2, and the material void ratio of 0.65%. The study shows that the suspension method is feasible for the preparation of the CFRTPs. It is beneficial to improve production efficiency and decrease cost of production for the CFRTPs.

Highlights

Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites can be prepared by dispersing carbon fibers of a certain length (~50 mm) and resin fibers in suspension through ultrasound‐assisted and churn‐combing methods.

Through the cooling‐high pressure molding process, the porosity of CFRTP is reduced and the mechanical properties of CFRTP are improved.

The tensile strength, bending strength, and notch‐free impact strength properties of CFRTP are best when the carbon fiber content is 30% and the CF length is 50 mm.

The method is characterized by simple process, low cost and high mechanical properties.
Check yourself! Exploring current culturally responsive teaching assessment measures
Authors: Lawson Tamara K. , Knox Jerica , Romero Emily , Molina Palacios Andrea , Fallon Lindsay M.
Published: March 2024

Culturally responsive teaching (CRT) was introduced over 30 years ago and remains an educational framework used to guide instruction today. Although research has evidenced its utility and positive impact, little is known about available tools to guide practitioners in assessing and monitoring their implementation of CRT practices. This systematic review aimed to identify and describe available assessment tools that incorporate dimensions of CRT. Systematic search procedures produced 18 tools educators can access and use to assess the implementation of CRT in the classroom. All 18 instruments are self‐reported, and a few include alternate forms of evaluation, such as an observational section. All tools located encompass aspects of the CRT framework, including self‐efficacy, cultural competence, belonging, and relationship building. Results indicated that nearly half of the tools reviewed (44%) focus on educator self‐efficacy of CRT (i.e., I know I can do X), several (28%) focus on educators' action or implementation of CRT (i.e., I do X), and many (28%) focus on educators' cultural humility or competence (i.e., I understand how to support X). Limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed.