bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dataset for Examining the Problem of the Use of Accounting Semi-Identity Based Models in Econometrics
Authors: Sánchez-Vidal F. Javier
Published: December 2024

The problem of using accounting semi-identity-based (ASI) models in Econometrics can be severe in certain circumstances, and estimations from OLS regressions in such models may not accu-rately reflect causal relationships. This dataset was generated through Monte Carlo simulations, which allowed for precise control of a causal relationship. The selected model for testing the in-fluence of the ASI problem is the Fazzari, Hubbard, and Petersen (1988) model, which seeks to establish a relationship between a company’s investments and its cash flows, and which is an ASI as well. The dataset included randomly-generated independent variables (cash flows and Tobin’s Q) to analyse how they influence the dependent variable (cash flows). The Monte Carlo meth-odology in Stata enabled repeated sampling to assess how ASIs affect regression models, high-lighting their impact on variable relationships and the unreliability of estimated coefficients. The purpose of this paper is twofold: its first goal is to provide a deeper explanation of the syntax in the related article, offering more insights into the ASI problem. The openly available dataset supports replication and further research on ASIs' effects in economic models and can be adapted for other ASI-based analyses, as the information comprised in the reusability examples prove. Second, our aim is to encourage research supported by Monte Carlo simulations, as they enable the modeling of a comprehensive ecosystem of economic relationships between variables. This allows researchers to address a variety of issues, such as partial correlations, heteroskedasticity, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, endogeneity, and more, while testing their impact on the true value of coefficients.
Sars-cov-2 Infection And Its Association With Maternal And Fetal Redox Status And Outcomes: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Bicanin Ilic Marija , Nikolic Turnic Tamara , Ilic Igor , Nikolov Aleksandar , Mujkovic Srdjan , Rakic Dejana , Jovic Nikola , Arsenijevic Neda S. , Mitrovic Slobodanka , Spasojevic Marija , Savic Jelena , Mihajlovic Katarina , Jeremic Nevena , Joksimovic Jovic Jovana , Pindovic Bozidar , Balovic Goran , Dimitrijevic Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

Background: The impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection during pregnancy on the fetus can be direct, transmitted through the placenta, and indirect - creating unfavorable conditions for the development of the fetus because of inflammation, micro-thrombosis, and hypercoagulation. The Aim: Our study aimed to determine the types and frequency of pathohistological changes in placental tissue in SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women and to examine the possible role of oxidative stress in the prognosis of the delivery and its maternal and fetal complications. Methods: This prospective clinical study included 50 pregnant women divided into two groups, SARS-CoV-2 positive (COVID-19 group) and SARS-CoV-2 negative (Control group), from whose we collected demographic, clinical, obstetric, biochemical, and pathologic data. Data about the newborn characteristics were also collected: anamnestic, clinical, and biochemical data. Results: The values of the superoxide anion radical and index of lipid peroxidation were significantly different in mothers concerning the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, while the levels of the nitric oxide, index of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase were significantly different in the newborns depending on the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Newborn characteristics were similar between groups except for concentrations of IgM antibody. The incidence of pathohistological changes of the FVM type in the COVID-19 group of pregnant women was 46%, while in the control group. Conclusions: This study confirmed the significant impact of the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection on maternal and fetal biochemical parameters and oxidative stress-mediated placental dysfunction. Future studies should be performed with more participants and follow-up neonatal development.
INTEGRATION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SURFACE HEAT EXCHANGE
Authors: Selikhov Yu. A. , Ryshchenko I. M. , Gorbunov K. O. , Nagorniy E. R.
Published: December 2024

Despite the discrete nature of the interaction of droplets of sprayed liquid with a high-temperature surface, the inevitable formation of a liquid film leads to the fact that the main qualitative laws of the heat exchange that occurs in this case are characteristic of the known process of heat exchange during boiling.
At the same time, the presence of extensive theoretical and experimental studies of “large-volume boiling” and the process of steam generation in channels does not allow us to establish the conditions of heat exchange during the thermal interaction of a dispersed liquid - water with different concentrations of surfactants with a high-temperature surface.
 We did not find any materials about this process in the scientific literature. With a number of features common to the above two cases of heat exchange (the presence of boiling crises, film and bubble modes, etc.), cooling a high-temperature surface with a droplet medium containing various concentrations of surfactants has significant distinctive features due to the hydrodynamics of the process, which is the subject of further study.
To fully explore the above task, the following must be done:

Develop a methodology for experimental study of local conditions of non-stationary heat exchange of sprayed water with different concentrations of surfactants.
Develop and manufacture an experimental setup on which to conduct research on the effects of irrigation density, surface temperature, degree of liquid underheating, its speed and angle of impingement on the surface.
Develop a mathematical model for calculations of heat flows, heat transfer coefficients, dynamics of hydraulic methods of liquid dispersion – water with different concentrations of surfactants, critical heat flows and surface temperatures in the transition region from film to bubble boiling as a function of determining factors.
Establish the independent influence of the degree of non-stationarity of the process on the heat exchange conditions.
METHODOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LOCAL CONDITIONS OF NON-STATIONARY HEAT TRANSFER
Authors: Selikhov Yu. A. , Gorbunov K. O. , Shkolnikova T. V. , Pilnyk I. V.
Published: December 2024

The task of studying the conditions of heat exchange of a sprayed liquid – water with different concentrations of surfactants with a high-temperature surface has defined a number of problems that need to be solved.
            Two tasks: development of means for experimental study of non-stationary local conditions of heat exchange of a high-temperature surface with a sprayed liquid, taking into account the possibility of implementing a change in the level of determining factors in the range corresponding to their real values ​​in full-scale energy and metallurgy facilities, and the task of choosing a method for identifying the boundary conditions of heat exchange, from our point of view, are the main ones.
            Analysis of scientific publications and our own research have allowed us to establish that the central factor influencing local heat exchange conditions is the local irrigation density, which would be one of the factors for developing effective cooling systems, or for determining the thermal state of an object under various external influences.
            The next objective of the study is to investigate the intensity of heat exchange as a function of underheating of the sprayed liquid – water with different concentrations of surfactants at different local irrigation densities and surface temperatures.
            Since we are considering a multifactorial problem, modern requirements of the theory of experimental planning have made it possible to develop a methodology for experimental study of local conditions of non-stationary heat exchange, which will allow us to conduct a study of the boundary conditions of heat exchange as a function of the interrelated influence of the irrigation density, surface temperature, velocity and angle of impingement of the sprayed liquid onto the surface.
            The measurement technique we have developed will allow us to obtain reliable research results.
Solving the inverse problem of heat conduction will allow us to establish the degree of influence of almost all factors noted as determining. It is obvious that in this case, studying the boundary conditions of heat exchange as a function of the speed of movement of a high-temperature surface results in a large independent problem.
RESEARCH OF THE PROCESS OF ABSORPTION AND DISTILLATION OF SODA ASH PRODUCTION BY THE AMMONIA METHOD AS A CONTROL OBJECT
Authors: Pereverzieva А. M. , Dzevochko O. M.
Published: December 2024

Soda soda is one of the largest volume chemical products and the most important raw material component in various industries. The volume of soda ash production significantly affects the development of a number of other industries, including the production of glass, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy.
Not only the sphere of production, but also the sphere of consumption of soda ash is characterized by a high degree of concentration. The global consumption of soda ash in 2012 was, according to experts, 54.7 million tons / year, its growth is 1% per year.
As a technological facility for the production of soda ash, it is distinguished by a complex scheme of material flows flowing mainly through column-type devices, multi-stage continuous chemical-technological processes, multidimensionality, inertia, complex dependencies between input and output parameters of technological modes, etc., i.e. it has all the characteristic features complex systems. The production of soda ash includes 8 main and 3 auxiliary departments (a department means a group of devices that are connected by the commonality of processes occurring in them due to the presence of leading flows and appropriate collectors for storing raw materials).
The article analyzes the possibility and necessity of decomposition of the general task of control soda ash production into the subtask of managing absorption and distillation departments; carbonation, filtering and calcination and other production departments. Such a decomposition is technologically natural, since the absorption and distillation departments do not have headers for collecting the steam-gas mixture and makes it possible to develop and implement control systems for such departments and the production of soda ash as a whole by stages, provided that the productivity of the relevant departments is coordinated. The article also conducts a study of the absorption and distillation department as an object of control and sets the general task of control this department.
COMBINED SOLAR-ELECTRIC HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Authors: Kundenko M. P. , Starikov V. V. , Iegorova O. Yu. , Puhachova T. M. , Koshelnik O. V. , Bilous D. Yu.
Published: December 2024

The article examines combined solar-electric heating systems that integrate renewable and traditional energy sources to provide heating and hot water. An alternative to existing light-absorbing coatings in solar collectors based on low-vacuum aluminum condensates is proposed. Coatings manufactured using vacuum technologies are recommended, when a combined cluster and molecular flow of matter is deposited on the substrate due to a forced increase in pressure. Choosing aluminum as a material for low-vacuum coating adds advantages to this technology, because aluminum has a fairly low melting point, and the controlled formation of oxide phases on the surface of the deposited film significantly increases the corrosion resistance of the coating. The designs of solar collectors, their principle of operation and the advantages of using selective light-absorbing coatings, which can increase the efficiency of collectors by 18–22 %. An innovative infrared heating system is proposed, which ensures increased heat transfer efficiency, reduced energy consumption, and stable operation even at a low level of insolation. the task of the proposed installation is to use energy carriers more efficiently.This becomes possible due to a more rational combination of traditional energy (supply from the network) and the use of secondary energy resources; active turbulation of the heat carrier mass supplied by the circulation pump into the internal volume of the annular chamber; regulation of the heating temperature; equalization of temperature field gradients in the inner volume of the ring chamber; possibilities of regulating the productivity of the heating installation, increasing technological reliability; unification of heating elements and modes; the possibility of power supply from the network and non-traditional sources. The use of heat accumulators and multilayer systems, which allow to increase the duration of hot water selection, have been analyzed. The possibilities of combined schemes with additional energy sources, such as electric boilers or biofuel boilers, which reduce dependence on fossil energy resources, are considered. These solutions contribute to increasing energy efficiency and sustainable development of the energy industry. The conclusions emphasize the potential of integrating such systems into modern energy networks, ensuring environmental friendliness, energy independence and reducing operating costs.
Justification of the scheme of melting ice on the wires of overhead power lines
Authors: Shmatov Anton
Published: December 2024

The article discusses an urgent problem related to the formation of ice and frost deposits on the wires of overhead power lines, which causes significant technical difficulties in ensuring the reliability of power supply, especially in winter. The accumulation of ice and frost on the wires leads to an increase in the weight of the wires, which can cause them to sag, damage insulators, destroy poles, and, as a result, serious accidents on power lines. The causes of accidents in power grids due to ice and frost deposits are analyzed and it is found that their elimination will reduce the probability of damage to overhead power lines from the action of ice loads. However, existing methods of dealing with this problem have a number of disadvantages, such as high cost, low efficiency in certain conditions, and negative environmental impact. The article presents a scheme for melting ice on the wires of overhead power lines by the method of a three-phase short circuit when powered by a power source with a solidly grounded and isolated neutral. This scheme makes it possible to locally increase the temperature of wires to a level sufficient to melt ice and frost, which reduces the risk of emergencies and ensures the uninterrupted operation of the electrical grid. The article provides theoretical justifications for the scheme for melting ice with three-phase short-circuit currents, which confirm its effectiveness. The analysis has shown that the proposed scheme is economically feasible, as it reduces the cost of maintenance and repair of overhead power lines. In addition, it is environmentally friendly, as it does not involve the use of chemicals. Thus, the proposed scheme for melting ice on the wires of overhead power lines is a promising solution for improving the reliability and safety of power supply in winter weather conditions. Its application can significantly increase the efficiency of power grid operation, reduce the number of accidents, and improve the stability of power supply to consumers.
Analysis of Parental Restrictions on Smartphone Use for Early Childhood
Authors: Yuniarni Desni , Surjaningrum Endang R. , Dewi Triana Kesuma
Published: December 2024

Smartphone’s use in early childhood is increasing. Parents need to place restrictions on its use. The aim of this research is to analyze restrictions on children's smartphone use. This research is qualitative in form with a case study approach and purposive sampling technique. Participants were 20 parents of children aged 3-6 years in PAUD in the city of Surabaya who filled out the questionnaire online and answered questions directly during the interview. The data collection tool is in the form of a Google form and interview guidelines. Data analysis is in the form of descriptive qualitative. The research results show that all parents have restricted smartphones for their children. Most parents are concerned about the negative impact of smartphone use on children's development and hope that children can limit their use according to the agreement and not be exposed to the negative influence of smartphone use. Therefore, most of the parents allowing their children to use their smartphones only on Saturdays and Sundays for approximately 2 hours. Parents are only allowed to access YouTube Kids application content when accompanied when accessing it. Most parents set limits due to concerns that their children will be exposed to content that is not age appropriate (containing elements of violence and pornography) which will have a negative impact on their development. However, most parents still need time and adaptation to be consistent in doing this. The biggest obstacle is not being able to control the child's emotions, even though it has been conveyed and agreed upon previously. The most common response shown by children is rejection, anger and annoyance, so parents need patience to give them understanding. Consistency in implementing restrictions needs to be done so that children avoid the negative impacts of using smartphones.
Síndromes geriátricos en pacientes con trastorno neurocognitivo mayor de Clínica de Día del Centro Médico Naval durante el año 2023, Perú
Authors:   , Vidal Chavez Vanessa Cristina , Tarqui Jaramillo Ana Veronica
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Determinar qué síndromes geriátricos son los más frecuentes en pacientes con trastorno neurocognitivo mayor, en el consultorio de Clínica de Día del Centro Médico Naval durante el año 2023, Lima Perú. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo, con datos recopilados a partir de historias clínicas del Centro Médico Naval durante el año 2023. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: Síndromes geriátricos, tipos de TNCM y las covariables (edad, sexo, estado civil, grado de instrucción, capacidad funcional y comorbilidades). Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 110 pacientes con TNCM donde la gran mayoría presentó deterioro cognitivo moderado (24,5%) según la Escala de Pfeiffer y según la Escala de MMSE fue DC de leve a moderado (53,6%). Además, los síndromes geriátricos más comunes fueron: polifarmacia (74,6%), la inmovilidad (46,4%), la fragilidad (40%), la incontinencia urinaria (37,3%), la constipación (33,6%), el insomnio (31,8%), la depresión (17,3%), las caídas (13,6%) y la incontinencia defecatoria (1,8%), en ese orden de frecuencia. Conclusiones: Conocer la frecuencia de los síndromes geriátricos en pacientes con TNCM permitirá tener una visión general para la realización de intervenciones tempranas, programas de estimulación cognitiva, actividades físicas adaptadas, y una gestión adecuada de los medicamentos; con el fin de ralentizar el avance de estos síndromes y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Development and Validation of an AI-Enabled Composite Oral Score Using Large-Scale Dental Data
Authors: Yarlagadda Sri Kalyan , Samavati Navid , Ghorbanifarajzadeh Mina , Levinta Vlada , Sojoudi Alireza , Inam Wardah , Dolan Teresa A.
Published: December 2024

This research introduces Oral Score Basic (OS-B), a novel Artificial Intelligence (AI) derived methodology designed to provide a comprehensive, objective assessment of individual teeth and overall oral health. Leveraging data from more than 340,000 patients across 2,558 U.S. dental practices, OS-B combines radiographic findings and periodontal probing depths with a treatment probability-weighted cost function to quantify the severity of dental conditions. The OS-B score aims to address limitations in prior oral health scoring systems by incorporating nuanced clinical data, accounting for disease severity, and providing a scalable, data-driven approach to measuring oral health. This score was developed using Overjet’s FDA-cleared AI platform, which detects dental conditions using bitewing and periapical radiographs, providing a detailed analysis of each tooth. OS-B’s effectiveness was validated by demonstrating a strong correlation between tooth scores and treatment costs, surpassing the predictive power of previous scoring systems. This research presents a foundational framework for AI-enabled oral health scoring, with potential applications in value-based care, population risk analysis, and consumer health management. Future iterations may expand to include additional dimensions of oral health beyond clinical conditions such as risk factors and measures of oral function and esthetics, further enhancing the score’s clinical utility and patient engagement.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on central adiposity in male shift workers: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Menezes-Júnior Luiz Antônio Alves , Fajardo Virgínia Capistrano , de Oliveira Fernando Luiz Pereira , Machado-Coelho George Luiz , Pimenta Fausto Aloisio Pedrosa , Neto Raimundo Marques do Nascimento , Freitas Sílvia Nascimento
Published: December 2024

Background
Low plasma levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) are often observed in obese individuals, but the mechanisms linking vitamin D deficiency to adiposity remain unclear. This study evaluated whether cholecalciferol supplementation influences central adiposity by assessing changes in waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).
Methods
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with 198 shift workers from an iron ore extraction company in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Participants with 25(OH)D levels below 30 ng/mL and at least one metabolic alteration—such as metabolic syndrome, impaired fasting glucose, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, or increased WC—were included. They were randomized into three groups: placebo, cholecalciferol 14,000 IU/week, and cholecalciferol 28,000 IU/week, for 4 months. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations, WC, and WHtR were measured at baseline and post-intervention.
Results
After 4 months, no significant differences in WC or WHtR were observed between the vitamin D supplementation groups (14,000 IU and 28,000 IU/week) and the placebo group. However, there was a significant increase in 25(OH)D levels in the supplementation groups: +6.23 ng/mL (p25 = 0.58; p75 = 10.61) in the 14,000 IU group and + 15.25 ng/mL (p25 = 10.57; p75 = 19.68) in the 28,000 IU group, compared to a reduction of -0.50 ng/mL (p25= -1.03; p75 = 2.71) in the placebo group (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
In vitamin D-deficient shift workers, supplementation with cholecalciferol for 4 months significantly increased 25(OH)D levels but did not lead to reductions in WC or WHtR. These findings suggest that while vitamin D supplementation improves serum 25(OH)D concentrations, it may not directly impact central adiposity in this population.
The clinical implications of interacting hypothyroid and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Elhussein Amar Babikir , Dawod Ogail Yousif , Abu Ibrahim Ismail Mohammed , babikr Walid G , Alsayegh Abdulrahman A. , Otayf Abdullah Y. , Bajahzer Mohammed , Mondal Monami Mukherjee , Alageb Nusayba Abdelrhman , Almaki Mohamed M , Ahmed Badreldin S. R. , Abdelmola Ammar , Abdalla Saif Elden B. , Elmobark Mohamed Eltaib , Elbadawi Nour Eldaim Elnoman , Homeida Husham E. , Elamin Nahid Mahmoud Hassan , Alhassen Muntaser Mohammed Fadoul , Khalid Asaad
Published: December 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose uptake, affecting millions worldwide. Hypothyroidism, a common thyroid disorder, frequently coexists with T2DM, complicating disease management. This study investigates the prevalence of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients and its relationship with lipid profiles and clinical parameters. A total of 275 diabetic patients and 136 healthy controls were included. Glycemic control, thyroid function, lipid profiles, and vitamin D levels were assessed.
Results indicated that in the diabetic group, (39%) had non-hypothyroidism, while (44%) had hypothyroidism. People with both conditions had a higher average BMI of 31.2 ± 5.1 kg/m² than those with just T2DM (mean: 29.5 ± 4.8 kg/m², p < 0.05). Hypothyroid diabetics had higher fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels (average: 162 ± 20 mg/dL) compared to non-hypothyroid diabetics (average: 145 ± 18 mg/dL). The hypothyroid group showed higher HbA1c levels than the control group (mean: 8.7% vs. 7.9%, p < 0.01). Hypothyroid diabetics showed significantly poorer lipid profiles compared to non-hypothyroid diabetics, with lower HDL (mean: 35 ± 8 mg/dL) and higher LDL (mean: 145 ± 25 mg/dL) and triglycerides (mean: 220 ± 45 mg/dL). Hypothyroid diabetic individuals had a higher prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (average: 12.3 ± 4.6 ng/mL) than control subjects (average: 21.6 ± 5.1 ng/mL, p < 0.001).
In conclusion, the study found that 44% of diabetics have hypothyroidism, which is linked to poorer metabolic indicators compared to diabetics without hypothyroidism. Individuals who have both conditions showed increased BMI, higher fasting blood sugar levels, poorer lipid profiles, and decreased levels of Vitamin D. These results highlight the importance of implementing specific management plans for diabetic individuals who also have hypothyroidism.
Changes in E-scooter related maxillofacial injuries following legislative measures in Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Snäll Johanna , Vasara Henri , Murros Olli-Jussi , Harjola Veli-Pekka , Castrén Maaret , Puolakkainen Tero
Published: December 2024

The increasing use of e-scooters globally has resulted in a rise in traffic-related injuries, particularly maxillofacial trauma. This study assesses the potential impact of legislative measures, specifically speed limits and night-time usage restrictions, on reducing maxillofacial injuries from e-scooter accidents. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from patients treated for e-scooter-related injuries at Helsinki University Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023. The study included 1275 patients, aged ≥ 16 years, treated in three trauma hospitals. Patients not riding e-scooters at the time of injury were excluded. Injury patterns and the influence of legislative measures were analyzed. Among the 1275 patients, 169 (13.3%) sustained maxillofacial injuries. Legislative restrictions were associated with a significant reduction in maxillofacial injuries, with up to an 88% decrease in some months.Predictors of maxillofacial injuries included older age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.08), alcohol intoxication (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5–5.8), and concurrent head and neck injuries (OR 12.1, 95% CI 5.8–25.2). Legislative restrictions on e-scooter use, including speed limits and nighttime riding bans, were associated with a significant reduction in maxillofacial injuries. These findings highlight the importance of targeted policies to mitigate injury risks associated with e-scooter use.
Early Alzheimer's Disease Detection with Multiple Machine Learning Models
Authors: Ahmed Abdelmoty M. , Hanandeh Feras A. , Soliman Amr Mohamed , Gaber Amira M. , Sharif Abdulrahman , Enany Marwa O. Al , Khattab Mahmoud M.
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) arises from aberrant protein buildup in the brain and impairs cognition. AD is more susceptible to therapy early on, therefore early detection is crucial for effective treatments. In the last decade, machine learning (ML) methods have successfully detected AD and other medical imaging applications. These methods can automatically learn and recover features from large datasets, making them useful for medical picture analysis. Logistic Regression, Radial Basis Function Support Vector, Decision Tree, Random forest, Adaptive-Boost, EXtreme Gradient Boosting (XG-Boost), Voting Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), Gaussian Naive Bayes, Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), Extra-Gaussian Naive Bayes, and For AD predictions, ML models are assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, and f1 score using the open access series of imaging studies (OASIS) dataset. The study shows that ML models may be used to generate clinically meaningful AD diagnosis methods in MRI pictures. This paper ranks selected ML models by accuracy scores. Random forest, Voting, and Boosting classifiers achieved 100% accuracy and excellent results, while Passive Aggressive and KNN classifiers had lower scores.
Forward-Reflected-Backward Algorithms with Double Inertial Extrapolations for Variational Inequalities with Applications to Image Processing
Authors: Yao Yonghong , Adamu Abubakar , Shehu Yekini , Yao Jen-Chih
Published: December 2024

This paper designs forward-reflected-backward algorithms with two inertial extrapolation steps to solve variational inequalities of quasi-monotone operators. We consider forward-reflected algorithms with two inertial extrapolation steps for constant and non-decreasing self-adaptive step sizes. The algorithms also feature one projection and operator evaluation at each inertial step per iteration. We give weak convergence results for the two proposed algorithms. Strong convergence and linear convergence results are also achieved under standard conditions. Numerical results from image processing confirm the superiority of our algorithms over other related ones in the literature.
2020 MSC classification: 47H05, 47J20, 47J25, 65K15, 90C25.
Heavy Metal Pollution from Illegal Mining ‘Galamsey’ Activities on the Viability of Clarias Gariepinus in the Oda River, Ghana
Authors: Adusei Seth , Gikunoo Emmanuel , Arthur Emmanuel Kwesi , Amponsah William , Agyemang Frank Ofori , Ohemeng-Boahen Godfred
Published: December 2024

Activities associated with illegal mining “galamsey’’ often result in significant environmental degradation, particularly to water bodies. In the case of River Oda, like all other affected areas in Ghana, galamsey operations contribute to the pollution of the water body with some heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As). These heavy metals have posed a significant threat to the aquatic environment (fish population) and human health. In this study, the effect of the concentration of Hg, Cd and As at varying concentrations (2, 4 and 6 ppm) and its interactions on the growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings was investigated. A total of 154 Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were exposed to varying concentrations of the heavy metals for 42 days. The results revealed that Hg exhibited a negative effect on fish survival, while Cd showed a positive impact, with varying patterns of growth and mortality rates within the three concentrations. As, however, showed no significant effect on the growth and survival of fingerlings. Combinations of Hg, Cd, and As concentrations resulted in a significant negative effect on fish growth and survival. Furthermore, the interactions between Hgand Cd, as well as Hg and As, had negative significant impacts on the fingerlings, with higher concentrations resulting in lower growth and survival rates. Cd and As had a positive effect on the fingerlings. The study concluded that higher concentration of Hg; with or without the presence of other heavy metals, may result in high reduction of growth and survival of fish. This research highlights the environmental risks of continuous Hg, Cd, and As release into the River Oda, emphasizing the need for monitoring and control to protect ecosystems, human well-being and local economies as called for in Sustainable Development Goal 6.
Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ismail Youssef A. , Habib Omar K. , El-Bannan Yahya , Ramadan Raneem , El-Badry Mohammed E. , Rabea Ahmed R. , Fouad Amira A. , El-Tahlawy Salsapeel I. , El-Shawa Rahma M. , Atef Mohammed , Henidak Mohammed O. , El-Kader Rahma A. Abd , El-Lawendy Abdullah , El-Morsy Mariam , El-Rayes Mariam S. , El-Hasanen Hanem
Published: December 2024

Background
Tobacco use disorder remains one of the most prevalent substances use disorders globally, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. While pharmacological and behavioral interventions have been effective, relapse rates remain high, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. One such approach is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has shown promise in various neuropsychiatric disorders, including medication-resistant conditions.
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of rTMS in smoking cessation, its impact on abstinence rates, nicotine dependence, and craving.
Methods
We conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and Clinicaltrials.gov) from inception to August 2024. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating rTMS as a treatment for smoking cessation, with outcomes including nicotine dependence, craving, abstinence, and cigarette consumption.
Results
We included 17 RCTs involving 859 participants were included in this review. The pooled analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in nicotine dependence based on the Fagerström Test (mean difference = -0.47, 95% CI [-0.88 to -0.06], P = 0.03). rTMS also demonstrated significant reductions in craving, as measured by the Tobacco Questionnaire for Smoking Urges (mean difference = -10.88, 95% CI [-12.87 to -8.89], P < 0.00001). Self-reported abstinence showed a significant improvement (risk ratio = 1.91, 95% CI [1.16 to 3.14], P = 0.01). However, no significant effects were observed for self-reported cigarette consumption (mean difference = -3.81, 95% CI [-7.99 to 0.38], P = 0.07) or the Visual Analog Scale for craving (pooled standardized mean difference = -0.27, 95% CI [-0.66 to 0.12], P = 0.17). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences based on rTMS targets (e.g., DLPFC, insula) or the number of sessions.
Conclusion
rTMS shows promising potential as an adjunctive treatment for smoking cessation by reducing nicotine dependence, alleviating craving, and improving abstinence rates. However, its effectiveness is not uniform across all smoking-related outcomes. With further research, rTMS could become a valuable component of comprehensive smoking cessation strategies.
Dynamic Patterns of Growth and Structural Transformation: Comparative Regional Insights and Strategic Lessons
Authors: Altasseb Habtamu Getnet , Angelsen Professor Arild , Garcia Professor Roberto J.
Published: December 2024

This study analyzes economic growth and structural transformation (ST) across East Asia (EA), Southeast Asia (SEA) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regions from 1980 to 2020, utilizing Shapley growth decomposition to evaluate sectoral contributions to productivity and income growth. It highlights the pivotal role of ST in driving sustained growth and reveals distinct regional trajectories. EA transitioned effectively from agriculture to manufacturing and high-tech services, propelled by industrialization and export-led growth. In contrast, SSA's progress has been slower, with limited industrialization and dependence on agriculture and low-value services, resulting in fragile growth. While EA exemplifies economic maturity with a shift to high-value services, its declining manufacturing share underscores the need to sustain industrial competitiveness. SEA’s balanced growth, driven by industrialization and rising service employment, calls for investments in manufacturing and infrastructure to avoid premature deindustrialization. SSA's underindustrialization and reliance on low-productivity services reflect enormous structural challenges, necessitating industrialization, agricultural modernization, and service-sector development to foster growth and reduce poverty. To achieve sustainable growth, SEA must enhance manufacturing competitiveness, SSA should prioritize industrialization and productivity improvements, and EA must focus on innovation-driven growth in high-value services to maintain its economic success.
JEL Codes: O11, O13, O14, O41, O47, R11
Investigation of Silent Neurological Ischemia in Pacemaker-Implanted Patients with Atrial High-Rate Episodes (AHRE)
Authors: Çınar Ahmet , Gedikli Ömer , Uyanık Muhammet , Avcı Bahattin , Terzi Özlem
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Atrial high-rate episode (AHRE) is defined according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines as a heart rate of ≥175 bpm lasting at least 5 minutes. This study aimed to investigate whether neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels, an indicator of silent neurological ischemia, could be used as an effective biomarker to demonstrate silent neurological ischemia in patients with detected AHRE and to examine factors associated with AHRE.
METHODS
Patients with AHRE detected in pacemaker analysis and a control group without any arrhythmias were included. Patients with AHRE were divided into subgroups according to AHRE duration: Group 1: AHRE <5 minutes, Group 2: AHRE ≥5 minutes - <1 hour, Group 3: AHRE ≥1 hour - <24 hours, Group 4: AHRE ≥24 hours. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels of the patients were measured.
RESULTS
There were 160 patients, including 80 (50.0%) in the AHRE group and 80 (50.0%) in the control group. According to AHRE duration, there were 24 (30.0%) patients in Group 1, 33 (41.2%) in Group 2, 19 (23.8%) in Group 3, and 4 (5.0%) in Group 4. Patients with AHRE had statistically significant differences in age, sPAP, transmitral E/A ratio and NSE levels. The mean NSE levels of all groups were significantly different (p<0.001). Correlation analysis in patients with AHRE showed a very strong positive correlation between AHRE duration and NSE values as well as correlations with age, CHA2DS2-VASc score and LA diameter. NSE levels were positively correlated with AHRE duration and LA diameter. AHRE duration was an independent predictor of elevated NSE levels.
CONCLUSION
It was shown that AHRE is associated with silent neurological ischemia and that NSE levels can be used to demonstrate these neurological effects. Future studies can contribute to the development of more effective treatment strategies based on these findings by investigating the neurological effects of AHRE in more detail.
Semaglutide and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with and without DM: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yanhua , Lv Chunmei , Cao Lianlian , Lihua Sun , Ma Yanqu
Published: December 2024

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has shown promising effects on cardiovascular outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate semaglutide's effect on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke, in patients with and without T2DM. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases followed PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to January 2025 were included. Data from 11 high-quality RCTs, involving over 25,000 participants, were analyzed using a random-effects model. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for MACE was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.52–0.91, p < 0.01), indicating a significant 32% reduction in cardiovascular risk with semaglutide compared to placebo or active comparators. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, with ORs ranging between 0.630 and 0.761 across sequential exclusions. Moderator analysis revealed significant positive associations for age (slope = 0.025, p = 0.000), HbA1c (slope = 0.155, p = 0.002), and blood pressure, while body weight (slope = -0.126, p = 0.005), LDL, and total cholesterol were inversely associated. As confirmed by Egger’s regression and fail-safe N analyses, minimal publication bias was observed. These findings highlight semaglutide’s multifactorial benefits in reducing cardiovascular risk, which are driven by weight loss, blood pressure reduction, and metabolic improvements. Semaglutide represents a powerful intervention for cardiovascular risk management in patients with and without diabetes.
Interleukin-37 modulates microglial phenotype and inhibits inflammatory response via the MyD88/NF-κB pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation
Authors: Zhang Jiangwen , Hayat Muhammad , Si Yu , Guo Tao , Ni Yinying , Wang Qian , Hong Yancheng , Cao Yudie , He Sijia , Weng Zijuan , Li Fengmei , Zuo Hao , Sun Xin , Chen Bo , Hu Jiabo
Published: December 2024

Objective
Interleukin-37 (IL-37), an anti-inflammatory cytokine within the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, exhibits immunomodulatory properties. Here we evaluate the effects of IL-37 on microglia in neuroinflammation and its potential mechanisms.
Methods
C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1 μg of recombinant human IL-37 protein (rhIL-37), and 24 h later with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg) to induce neuroinflammation. After 2-hour pretreatment of BV2 cells with rhIL-37 (100 ng/mL), an in vitro model was established by treating with LPS (100 ng/mL). Mice were assessed for behavioral tests, and neuronal damage was evaluated by Nissl staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of Iba1, CD86, CD206, and NF-κB were detected by immunofluorescence staining, and inflammatory mediators and pathway proteins were evaluated by ELISA, qRT-PCR, and Western blot.
Results
IL-37 significantly ameliorated LPS-induced behavioral deficits and protected mice from inflammatory injury. In vitro experiments suggested that IL-37 modulates polarization of microglia from M1 to M2 phenotype, along with reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, IL-37 attenuated the production of NF-κB and MyD88.
Conclusions
IL-37 regulates microglia against neuroinflammatory responses by blocking the MyD88/NF-κB pathway and shows for the first time how IL-37 influences the phenotype of microglia, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammation.
Use of analgesics and psychotropic medication: Findings from the Lolland- Falster Health Study
Authors: Bruun-Rasmussen Neda Esmailzadeh , Lophaven Søren Nymand , Rasmussen Mads Reinhold , Lynge Elsebeth
Published: December 2024

Aim
To descripe the use of analgesics and psychotropic medication, common medical diseases, and alcohol consumption in adult persons living in a rural-provincial area of Denmark.
Methods
Using cross-sectional data from the Lolland-Falster Health Study (LOFUS), we examined a total of 16,084 individuals aged 18 years and above. Data on use of analgesics and psychotropic medication, alcohol consumption, and somatic and psychiatric diseases were obtained from self-administered questionnaires.
Results
At the time of the survey, 23.4% of the subjects reported daily/almost daily use of analgesics and/or psychotropic medication; women more than men, relative risk (RR) 1.62 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53–1.72). The use of analgesics was reported by 19.2%, antidepressants by 4.7%, tranquilizers/sedative by 3.5%, and sleeping medication by 2.4%. In addition, 7.3% reported frequent intake of 5 + units of alcohol; men more than women, RR 3.38 (95% CI 2.97–3.85). In total, 70.7% of participants reported having or having had at least one somatic disease, and 10.0% a psychiatric disease; together 71.8%. Out of the participants, 29% reported suffering from osteoarthritis, but only one third of them reported use of analgesics; and out of the 7% reported suffering from depressions, only half of them reported use of antidepressants.
Conclusions
One fourth of the adult population in a rural-provincial area of Denmark reported daily/almost daily intake of analgesics/psychotropic medication, and 7% had a high alcohol consumption. However, suffering from or having suffered from at least one somatic and/or psychiatric disease was reported by almost three-fourths of the participants, so there was a considerable gap between the level of intake of the pain and relief agents, and the reported level of diseases. The results may indicate that several somatic and psychiatric conditions remain untreated or inadequately managed in the general population of Lolland-Falster.
Manipulating growth of hyperfine CsPbBr 3 particles by confinement in ZIF-8 and resultant stability of perovskite: selective trace-level Hg 2+ detection
Authors: Jiang Lingyu , Xiang Li , Tang Jianshe
Published: December 2024

Inorganic metal halide perovskite has been widely utilized in multi-disciplines such as sensors, solar cells, photodetectors, solar light-emitting diodes, and so on due to its remarkable unique properties, narrow emission, and tunable wavelength. The predominant problem, like long-term stability under ambient conditions, hindered its practical application in sensing. A novel water-dispersed CsPbBr3 nanocrystal with solid fluorescence and admirable water stability was generated in situ within a confined space of a ZIF-8 metal-organic framework. The synthesized composite material was noted as CsPbBr3@ZIF-8, which was developed in the ultrafine CsPbBr3 perovskite (with a mean radius of 5 nm) particles. Through the method of confinement growth, the stable and ultrafine CsPbBr3 could be obtained without being encapsulated by organic ligand or polymer, which could effectively avoid the hindered interaction between targets and the perovskite quantum dots due to the introduction of surface capping stabilizer. With such remarkable optical properties and water stability of CsPbBr3@ZIF-8, a novel, selective, and sensitive fluorescent quenching-based sensing platform for Hg2+ in aqueous solutions has been established via direct chemical reactions with a low limit of detection and a broad linear range of quantify at 8.25 nM and 10 ~ 5000 nM, respectively. The mechanism of CsPbBr3@ZIF-8 fluorescence quenching by Hg2+ was elucidated as photoinduced electron transfer by the comparison of the difference in the fluorescence lifetime of CsPbBr3@ZIF-8 before and after the introduction of Hg2+. It is envisioned that a highly water-stable and stable inorganic metal halide perovskite formed through the confined space will have promising applications in the sensing of heavy metal ions.
Executive phase of flood water control plan (case study: Kangavar city, Kermanshah province in middle of the western region of Iran)
Authors: Askari Kaveh Ostad Ali , Kianmehr Peiman
Published: December 2024

The importance of watershed management can be specified in its goals vista. Watershed management can be defined in managing the watershed basins in order to maintain, revival and principled utilization of them. The floodwater control plan of Kangavar urban area was being studied by experts in watershed management study office of construction organization of Kermanshah province due to its special priority. Briefly, this plan was performed in two primary parts including base studies and preparing executive plan. Base studies were done by using topography map, statistics, necessary information and field surveys and the executive plan was being created by using general conclusion of base studies, aerial photos and field control. The considerable tip here which is necessary to mention is the close contribution of related offices such as: natural resources, municipality, government, agriculture and environment office to the construction organization in different executive steps of plans and the most important of all is to maintain them.