bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidencia regional en el uso del mecanismo de iniciativas privadas para el desarrollo de infraestructura y mejores prácticas internacionales: una revisión de la experiencia de Brasil, Chile, Colombia y Perú, y recomendaciones de política
Authors: Suárez-Alemán Ancor , Dominguez Enrique
Published: April 2024

El desarrollo de infraestructura pública constituye una de las principales responsabilidades que tiene todo Gobierno, toda vez que congrega los fundamentos físicos que proveen acceso a servicios públicos básicos transporte, agua y saneamiento, energía, salud, educación, entre otros claves para el desarrollo económico y la igualdad en el acceso a oportunidades. De este modo, su adecuada planificación entender las necesidades, dimensionarlas, concebir proyectos que den respuesta a las mismas, priorizar unas intervenciones sobre otras, optimizar el uso de los recursos públicos para su desarrollo, fondeo y financiamiento supone la principal responsabilidad de los actores públicos a la hora de desarrollar una política sectorial. Por tanto, lo común (o esperable) es que los proyectos de desarrollo de infraestructura pública sean concebidos dentro de este contexto de planificación esto es, sean iniciativas públicas. Sin embargo, la experiencia regional en América Latina y el Caribe así como ha sucedido en otras regiones muestra la proliferación desde hace varias décadas (y en un sentido histórico más amplio, desde el principio de los tiempos) de las llamadas Iniciativas Privadas (IP). Sólo con los países de la Región incluidos en el presente documento Brasil, Chile, Colombia, y Perú se encuentran cerca de 2,000 IP presentadas en los últimos 30 años. El presente documento recoge la evidencia durante 30 años en el desarrollo de Iniciativas Privadas en cuatro de las principales economías de América Latina y el Caribe en cuanto al desarrollo de infraestructura y participación privada: Brasil, Chile, Colombia, y Perú. La experiencia en América Latina y el Caribe muestra cuán complejo resulta integrar de forma efectiva el proceso de iniciativas privadas como parte del sistema de inversión pública en infraestructura. Sin embargo, con principios similares, otros países del Mundo han probado y tenido mayor éxito relativo en el desarrollo e implementación de Iniciativas Privadas, con las consecuentes ganancias de innovación y eficiencia. Tras analizar en detalle la evidencia regional en el desempeño de dichas iniciativas, el presente documento presenta casos de estudio internacionales que permitan establecer recomendaciones de política que generen las condiciones adecuadas bajo las que las Iniciativas Privadas puedan suponer un ejercicio eficiente, sostenible, y responsable de recursos públicos.
"PAHTS OF MEMORY": REALITIES AND PROSPECTS OF THE DOMESTIC TOURISM OF UKRAINE IN THE VIEW OF THE MEDIA
Authors: Zadorozhnia Alina
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the memorialization of the places that became some evidence of the Russian military crimes during their full-scale invasion of Ukraine. This publication is about the cities, villages, and streets where the blood of the Ukrainian military and civilians was suffered at the hands of the occupiers. It was proposed that some of these places (locations, complexes and trails) may create «Paths of memory».
All of them should be included in the national tourist routes and in the programs of the country’s tourist operators. Thus, Ukrainians would be able to pay tribute to the memory of their fallen compatriots and to demonstrate the steadfastness of one nation and to testify the fact of the criminal actions of another nation to foreign visitors. This is necessary that history doesn’t happen again.
There is an analysis of journalistic materials which were talking about the initiative of the paths of memory creation, places of widespread destruction of the buildings, infrastructure and about more important question – the killing of the population of Ukraine. The current situation of the objects, an
METHODS OF INCREASING THE POPULARITY OF ONLINE MEDIA: CURRENT CHALLENGES AND MARKET NEEDS
Authors: Mylymko Tetiana
Published: April 2024

In today’s digital world, competition among online media is getting tougher. In order to stand out and attract the attention of the audience, journalists and editors need to constantly develop and improve their strategies for increasing the popularity of the publication. Ukrainian mass media actively use various methods to achieve this goal. The article offers for consideration options and examples of how, taking into account the challenges of time, it is possible to bring online media to a high level.
ROLE OF TAFAL LANDSCAPE IN FORMING THE IDENTITY OF JEWS IN BALTA
Authors: Chinena Olha
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the study of Jewish cemeteries in the city of Balta, Podilsky district, Odesa region. Typologies of gravestones by shape, types of dec­ oration and epitaphs. The study also attempted to determine the role of the land­scape in shaping the identity of the city's Jewish community.
The formation of Jewish identity and its maintenance in a multicultural en­vironment is a rather complex systemic process. It also needs detailed study as an important component of self-identification. In historiography, the topic, espe­cially at the regional and even more so at the local level, is understudied, despite the presence of various sources. Thanks to its location directly on the trade route in the border zone of the Ottoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Common­wealth, the city has formed a multicultural population. According to the 1897 census, Jews were the largest national minority, with their own culture, which is also reflected in the Tafal landscape. As a complex of funeral rites, it reflected the ethnic consciousness of the Jews through funeral rites, the content and style of epitaphs, and the decoration of grave monuments.
Unfortunately, in the scientific literature, the study of Jewish cemeteries, es­pecially in the city of Balta, and their role as an ethno-identifying marker of the Jewish community, is at an initial stage. Therefore, the specified topic is relevant today and requires the participation of ethnologists, cultural experts, and reli­gious scholars.
The purpose of the study is to determine the role of the tafal landscape of the city of Balta as a factor in the formation of the identity of the local Jewish com­munity.
«IT WILL BE USEFUL FOR YOU TO TAKE US TO YOUR ALLIANCE»: ABOUT AVAR-BYZANTINE DIPLOMATIC RELATIONSHIPS IN 557–565 A.D.
Authors: Lahodych Volodymyr
Published: April 2024

Nomad Avar horde, which migrated to the Balkan region from Asia, soonly was included in the diplomatic system under the supremacy of Constantinople.
After using territorial claims nomads on Romei lands, a short form of the institution of the supreme ruler and a small number of Avars, Roman Emperor Justinian I (527-565) signed the federative agreement with nomads. During the alliance, Avars tried to develop their independent political course. Such circumstance contradicted Eastern Rome’s interests and, in perspective, created a direct threat to the Empire. Using centuries of weakening the Byzantium on the Danube border, nomads started a series of raids against Empire allies and broke the deal with Constantinople. The diplomatic corps of nomads focused on disinforming the autocrat. As a result, it caused deterioration in relations between sides in the last years of rule of Justinian I and finally to a protracted military confrontation after the death of the Emperor, which lasted with breaks to the first third of VII cent. The main thesis of the article is the Avar-Romei political relations, which topic is considered primarily in the context of the wars. At the same time, the only basileus who succeeded in managing the long-term alliance with the future enemy of the Empire was Justinian the Great.
In our opinion, the consideration of Avar-Romei political relations in this period illustrates, on the one hand, the specifics of the attitude of ‘Latin’ Byzantium to folks whose military potential it wanted to use.
On the other hand, the peculiarities of the formation of another ‘steppe empire’, which by the way, turned out to be more stable in ethnic and political aspects than the Huns. Based on the messages of Romei historians in the second half of VI cent., the article recreates the terms and the precedents of concluding and further observance by the parties of the Avar-Byzantium alliance during the final period of Justinian the Great rule.
The author tried to chronologically recreate the picture of the initial step of Avar-Romei relations that primarily evolved in mutually beneficial coexistence. This was primarily caused both by low numbers of Avars and insufficient formation nomads’ elites, as well as the political experience of Justinian the First.
The focus is on the relations between nomad folks and Empire federates, such as Alans, Antes, and Gepids. Against the background of military-political connections of Avars with their neighbors, their first initial steps are noticeable. Analyzed factors that promoted Avars’ initial transition under Rome’s supremacy and the slow creation of their own policy course by Avar Khagan Bayan.
A POLITICAL ACCOUNT OF ROMANIAN POLITICAL POLICE (1968)
Authors: Moldovan Silviu B.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The article represents a brief presentation of the political tensions of 1968, when the political police of the communist regime in Romania, named Securitate, celebrate 20 years since its establishment.The main thesis of the article is that the Securitate tried to counter the criticisms of its activity over the fifth and sixth decades. The criticism was expressed public at the plenary session of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) on April 22-25 1968, when it was exposed, also, so-called “victories against the internal enemies of the communist regime”.This action was directed from the highest command levels of Securitate. In anticipation of the 20th anniversary of its establishment, the president of the State Security Council, Ion Stănescu, ordered the central directorates and the county inspectorates to identify in the archives, in order to popularize them, the officers and non-commissioned officers who distinguished themselves in the battles on the defense of so-called “revolutionary conquests of the people”. The result of Ion Stănescu's initiative was a belated and rather approximate assessment of the confrontations with the partisans. Also, several photo albums reflecting the activity of the Ministry of the Interior were made.Like 1956, the 1968 was a year of crisis for the communist system in Europe. Paradoxically, perhaps, although the moment marked the end of illusions for many Communists, the danger of the system's dissolution was now less significant than it had been twelve years earlier.The political upheavals of 1968 is a topic often approached in the last years historiography, but still insufficiently known and explained.
Zamek na Wawelu Modernizacja w latach 1598–1605: Giovanni Trevano – Vincenzo Scamozzi?
Authors: Bernatowicz Tadeusz
Published: April 2024

Podczas pożaru na Wawelu w 1595 roku uległy zniszczeniu wnętrza, stropy sal drugiego piętra: sala audiencjonalna (tronowa), sień królewska, sala kancelaryjna, sień Senatorska. W nieznacznym stopniu uszkodzeń doznały Kurza Stopka i taras wieży Duńskiej. Pożar rozszerzył się na część skrzydła wschodniego. W latach od 1598 do 1605 wzniesiono schody Senatorskie, odbudowano i nakryto stropami sale paradne drugiego piętra skrzydła północnego, dobudowano wieżę przy północno- -wschodnim narożniku zamku, zabudowano wolną przestrzeń z przeznaczeniem na niewielkie pokoje kameralne; wyremontowano pokoje drugiego piętra skrzydła południowego. Około 1620 roku wzniesiono drugą wieżę, tzw. Sobieskiego i uporządkowano elewację północną.
Pracami budowlanymi i dekoracyjnymi kierował Lugańczyk Jan (Giovanni, Dziani) Trevano, towarzyszył mu zespół muratorów i kamieniarzy, m.in. Giovanni Battista Petrini, Gasparo Arconi, Stefan Brzeski, Jędrzej Gawronek, Wojciech Głazik i Matys Świątek, Ambroży Meazzi. Dekoracje sztukatorskie wykonał sztukator Jan (Giovanni?) Włoch. Nowe stropy wyrzeźbił snycerz Jan Klug (Kluge), wypełniły je obrazy weneckiego malarza Tommasa Dolabelli oraz Kaspra Kurcza.
Koncepcja artystyczna i ideowa nowych wnętrz na Wawelu była w Polsce zupełną nowością. Po raz pierwszy pojawiły się paradne schody, uszakowe portale oraz stiuki na sklepieniach klasztornych. Wzorów dostarczyły habsburskie i biskupie rezydencje z terenów Austrii (Salzburg, Graz) i Włoch (Mediolan, Como) zrealizowane przez lombardzko-weneckich artystów. Naturalnym ośrodkiem pośredniczącym w wędrówce artystów i wzorów artystycznych najpierw z Lombardii, potem z Rzymu była Wenecja. W okresie odbudowy Wawelu najwybitniejszym architektem w Wenecji po śmierci Palladia był Scamozzi. Architekt utrzymywał kontakty z Polakami. Wykonał projekt pałacu dla księcia Krzysztofa Zbaraskiego (1579–1627), opublikowany w 1616 roku w L’idea dell’architettura universale… Określa go jako palazzo mezzofortificato, a elewacja powtarza kompozycję Palazzo Verlato w Villaverla (1574), natomiast plan nawiązuje do weneckiego Palazzo Corner. Wenecki twórca był w Polsce trzykrotnie. Najpierw w 1588 roku w delegacji Najjaśniejszej Serenissimy, by złożyć gratulacje nowemu monarsze z okazji koronacji, następnie w 1592 z okazji ślubu Zygmunta III z Anną Austriaczką oraz w 1598 po raz trzeci prawdopodobnie na pogrzebie królowej.
Prawdopodobny jest też pobyt architekta w Polsce z ojcem, Domenico Scamozzim (faktycznie Giovanni Domenico, Giandomenico), w związku z planowaną rozbudową warszawskiego zamku około 1572 roku. W kontekście tych faktów postawić należy tezę, że Scamozzi był autorem idea architectonica nowej formy na Wawelu, zrealizowanej pod kierunkiem Trevana i jego zespołu artystów.
Wiecznotrwałe. Konserwacja i ekspozycja kolekcji botanicznych w dawnej Polsce
Authors: Jakóbczyk-Gola Aleksandra
Published: April 2024

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie różnych technik konserwacji i preparacji roślin, szczególnie w okresie do końca XVIII wieku. Tekst ukazuje muzealniczy aspekt kolekcji botanicznych, najważniejszym jednak zagadnieniem jest przemiana artefaktów natury w eksponaty kultury. Na przykładzie dawnych polskich kolekcji, szczególnie zgromadzonych przez Annę Wazównę, Annę Jabłonowską, rodzinę Breynów, Teodora Kleina, Jerzego Andrzeja Helwinga, ale także w oparciu o europejskie dokonania i tradycje – zwłaszcza włoskie (Luca Ghini, Gherardo Cibo, Ulisses Aldrovandi) czy niemieckie – zaprezentowane zostały techniki przygotowania wybranych roślin lub elementów botanicznych do tego, aby stały się częścią kolekcji.
W artykule ukazane zostały pokrótce wszystkie elementy procesu – od zbierania z wykorzystaniem właściwego wyposażenia i przy stosownych warunkach pogodowych przez odpowiednio dobrane metody konserwacji, opis aż po ekspozycję obiektów. Omówiona została, w odniesieniu do wybranych źródeł, historia technik zachowywania eksponatów botanicznych – od suszenia (i jego różnych odmian związanych np. z potrzebą zachowania barwy lub odpowiedniego, przestrzennego kształtu,), przez przechowywanie w roztworach spirytusowych, nasączanie gliceryną aż po liofilizację czy pokrywanie roślin żywicą epoksydową – współczesne techniki preparacji, które dążą do podobnych celów, jak te znane już w XV czy XVII wieku. Dlatego w artykule znalazły się także odwołania do najnowszych badań na temat konserwacji roślin i eksponatów biologicznych.
Tekst bazuje na źródłach staropolskich – zwłaszcza twórczości Jana Krzysztofa Kluka, w którego pismach znalazły się dość szczegółowe informacje poświęcone prezentacji technik preparacji i eksponatom roślinnym w gabinecie przyrodniczym. Źródłem podstawowym jest także francuska publikacja z zakresu botaniki, napisana przez praktyka i twórcę roślinnych obiektów kolekcji – Jeana Pittona de Tournefourta. Przykłady stanowią zachowane do dziś źródła materialne – chociażby najstarsze zielniki w typie hortus siccus związane kulturowo z Rzeczpospolitą.
Kolejnym zagadnieniem łączącym się z przygotowywaniem obiektów kolekcji jest także świadomość ich późniejszej eksploatacji i ekspozycji. Tu także pokazane zostały różne techniki prezentacji – od żywych ogrodów botanicznych, w których rośliny były sadzone w symetrycznych układach z opisem w postaci zbliżonej do dzisiejszych podpisów muzealnych, przez zielniki w formie kodeksów, gabloty, szuflady aż po luźne plansze pełniące funkcję pomocy naukowych i edukacyjnych. Podstawę analizy tego problemu stanowią wizerunki ukazujące dawne kolekcje – szczególnie te, które przedstawiają gabinety osobliwości, jak zbiory Ferrante Imperato.
Celem artykułu jest pokazanie wyraźnego przejścia od kolekcjonerstwa hobbistycznego, wiedzy zamkniętej, przeznaczonej dla amatorów (w znaczeniu – miłośników) w okresie wczesnej nowożytności do prezentacji naukowej, omawiającej szerzej konteksty botaniczne.
„Jak cię widzą, tak cię piszą” – ogród na miarę ambicji i możliwości łódzkiego fabrykanta
Authors: Dankowska Maria
Published: April 2024

Łódzki ogród fabrykancki jest ciekawym zjawiskiem na tle innych XIX-wiecznych założeń rezydencjonalnych. Wyróżnia go specyficzna lokalizacja na obszarze miasta fabrycznego, pośród zabudowy wielofunkcyjnej. Większość prywatnych ogrodów wzorowana była na założeniach europejskich, a szczególnie na modnych wówczas ogrodach francuskich i angielskich. Większe i bardziej okazałe ogrody były zakładane przez wyspecjalizowane zagraniczne firmy ogrodnicze lub ogrodników spoza terenów Królestwa Polskiego, aby następnie pielęgnację założenia powierzyć ogrodnikom polskim.
Poszczególne ogrody były zróżnicowane pod względem wielkości, wyposażenia, nasadzeń, ale w większości z nich oprócz tworzywa typowego dla ogrodów europejskich pojawiały się także cechy charakterystyczne dla krajobrazu miasta przemysłowego. Specyficznym widokiem i zarazem tłem ogrodu były zabudowania fabryczne, w tym potężne gmachy przędzalni, stojące obok pałacu lub willi właściciela rezydencji. Zdarzało się też, że w samym ogrodzie alejki lub fragmenty rabat wysypywano miałem ceglanym lub węglowym. Niejednokrotnie rośliny pokrywał pył fabryczny, nadając ogrodowi charakterystyczny, nieco ponury wygląd. Krajobraz miasta przemysłowego odciskał w ten sposób swoiste piętno na łódzkich założeniach ogrodowych.
Istniały jednak także korzyści wynikające z bliskości zespołów fabrycznych, takie jak dostępność ogrzewania potrzebnego w szklarniach i oranżeriach, lokalne zasilanie w wodę (przepompownie i hydrofornie), które ułatwiały realizację reprezentacyjnego i bardziej ozdobnego programu łódzkich ogrodów. Przede wszystkim zaś dochody z działalności przemysłowej zapewniały środki finansowe do założenia i utrzymania wysokiego poziomu ogrodów. Zakładano w nich altany, wodotryski i fontanny, czasem nawet groty tufowe, estrady, a program użytkowy wzbogacano niekiedy o większe zbiorniki wodne. Sprowadzano specjalne gatunki drzew i krzewów. Obok nich pojawiały się okazałe rośliny sezonowe, w tym np. drzewka pomarańczowe wystawiane w donicach w okresie letnim. Wymienione elementy oraz wiele innych tworzyły specyficzny i wyjątkowy klimat łódzkich ogrodów rezydencjonalnych końca XIX wieku.
Jak ważną rolę odgrywał ogród w rezydencji łódzkiego fabrykanta może poświadczyć fakt, że na przełomie XIX i XX wieku właśnie w Łodzi zorganizowano dwie Wystawy Ogrodnicze. Liczne opisy zaprezentowanych wówczas kompozycji ogrodowych, obiektów małej architektury i wyposażenia łódzkich ogrodów stanowią dziś świadectwo upodobań i ambicji ówczesnych fabrykantów oraz przekazują wiedzę o wizerunku ogrodu Lodzermenscha.
A Half-Day Camp Program for Adolescents Affected by Childhood Cancer
Authors: Stuempfle Winnie , Crawford Daniel
Published: April 2024

Background:Adolescents affected by childhood cancer experience various degrees of psychosocial distress, social isolation, and social support throughout the treatment process.Objective:To create and implement an evidence-based practice project consisting of a pilot half-day camp program to improve social support and connectedness for adolescents affected by childhood cancer.Methods:A pilot half-day camp program was implemented. Twenty adolescent patients, survivors, and siblings (ages 13–18 years) participated in the program. Participants provided basic demographic information and completed pretest, immediate posttest, and 4-week posttest surveys to assess their levels of social support and camp connectedness. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results:All measures of social support in adolescent participants affected by childhood cancer trended upward following the conclusion of the program, then trended downward over time, with overall social support and family social support significantly decreasing over time postintervention. Camp connectedness was not significantly impacted by the program.Conclusions:Social support decreases as participants are further out from attending a half-day camp program. This pilot program demonstrated the feasibility of a short-term, local, cost-effective camp program that is scalable to larger groups.Implications for Nursing:Providers should refer adolescents affected by childhood cancer to camp programs for social support. More research is needed to determine if more frequent camp programs sustain a high level of social support in participants.
Experiences of Menopausal Transition Among Vietnamese Women: A Grounded Theory Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Tram Thi Bich , Chang Yu-Ping , Wang Ling-Hua
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose:Complaints about menopause vary between cultures, and the experience of menopause changes significantly in women living in different countries. Limited evidence is available regarding the menopausal experience among Asian women. This study aims to explore the menopausal transition experiences of Vietnamese women.Methods:A qualitative inquiry was undertaken using the grounded theory approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed following constructivist grounded theory methods.Results:In the early transition, women’s lives underwent many challenges. They had physical manifestations of menopause and difficulty in their sexual life. Later, women identified that their psychosocial impacts were affected, leading to emotional changes and changes in perceptions of others about the menopausal transition. The study also showed that each woman had their own beliefs and religion. Finally, after experiencing physical and mental changes, women found methods for discomfort relief. These methods included seeking information, applying strategies to manage menopausal challenges and consequences, and maintaining balance.Implications for Practice:The diverse perspectives on women’s menopausal transition can help nurses and other health care professionals to provide culturally appropriate care for women.
The Practice of Note-taking: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Kendrick Amy , Cross Lisa A.
Published: April 2024

Background:Note-taking skill is an integral part of the learning process and has long been studied in relation to college students. Note-taking has not been extensively studied among nursing students. As the demand for nurses increases, there is an emphasis on understanding indicators of successful outcomes among nursing students.Purpose:To provide an analysis of the concept of note-taking among nursing students. To discuss implications and intervention strategies for nursing education and research.Methods:Walker and Avant’s framework.Results:Defining attributes identified: (a) the student must be an active learner, (b) note-taking must be used as a learning strategy, and (c) the student must maintain a positive mindset. Definitions, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents are described. Cases are presented.Conclusions:The proposed definition expands upon the current literature and identifies the unique learning experiences and needs of nursing students. This allows for improved support and interventions by educators.
The Role of Social and Behavioural Sciences in Emergencies and Crises
Authors: Grant Catherine
Published: April 2024

Social and behavioural sciences (SBS) have a lot to offer in a crisis situation. This report outlines what a crisis is and how it changes behaviours and realities during its existence, it gives case study examples of the impact of SBS during crises and why we need these approaches, outlines the key learnings from using these approaches and explains how SBS can be supported by donors.
THE IMPACT OF SMOKING ON MALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONE LEVELS AND INFERTILITY IN JEDDAH
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Abosaber Nourah S.
Published: April 2024

Tobacco use is overgrowing in all Arab countries and is one of the greatest threats to current and future global health. The negative effect of tobacco use on sperm quality has been examined in numerous studies. In Saudi Arabia, especially in Jeddah, this systematic research aims to investigate the impact of smoking on the hormonal profile in 75 men between the ages of 19 and 60 years who were randomly selected between smokers, infertile and nonsmokers from patients visiting King Abdulaziz University Medical Services Center and Health plus fertility & woman’s health center in Jeddah, SA. Chemiluminescent immunoassay technology was used to analyze data. Overall findings demonstrated no significant influence of smoking on testosterone, FSH, LH and prolactin levels in Saudi men.
Estudio de correlación entre puestos laborales con ingresos promedios y remuneración mínima vital en el sector formal en el Perú para el periodo 2015-2022
Authors: Kamichi Miyashiro Manuel José
Published: April 2024

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal estudiar si hay correlación entre la cantidad de puestos de trabajo en el sector formal, tanto en todo el sector como solamente privado, con los ingresos nominales promedios de estos trabajadores que se encuentran en quinta categoría y la remuneración mínima vital, tanto real como nominal, para el periodo 2015-2022 en el Perú. El resultado muestra que sí hay correlación estadísticamente significativa y de manera directa entre las variables estudiadas. Esto significa que más cantidad de puestos de trabajo en el sector formal coincide con mayores niveles de ingresos promedios de los trabajadores de este sector, y con mayor remuneración mínima vital. Además, también se muestra la diferencia entre lo que produce un trabajador del sector formal (S/. 6,412.89 soles mensuales en promedio) con lo que se percibe en promedio en un puesto laboral (S/. 2,697.70 soles mensuales en promedio) para el periodo 2015-2021 también en el Perú, encontrando así que la diferencia es muy alta, el ingreso representa en promedio el 42.07% de lo que produce.
Las remesas internacionales y la participación en la fuerza laboral en Costa Rica: Explicando Resultados Contradictorios
Authors: Zarate-Hoyos German A.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of remittances on labor force participation and labor supply decision of women in Costa Rica based on an analysis of data from the Costa Rica national survey, Encuesta de Hogares de Propositos Multiples (Household Survey for Multiple Purposes) in 2007. The labor force participation decision is analyzed with a Probit model. The determinants of total number of hours worked is investigated with the Heckman selection model. The labor force participation decision on female household heads is found to be affected by remittances and the frequency, reduce labor force participation rates as much as 20 percent. The effect of remittances on the number of hours supplied is found to be weaker. Those households, which receive no remittances or only receive remittances infrequently, supply 3.5 hours more per week. However, we fail to find that frequent remittance receiving household heads supply fewer hours. We find evidence that the number of hours supplied is affected by the frequency of remittances for the poor, but not the extremely poor.
“Land Grabbing” Concept: Global and National Aspects
Authors: Malov A.
Published: April 2024

The correct understanding of the current world political agenda associated with changes in the global agrifood system is accompanied by the development of new analytical models. The present work is also devoted to the study of the “Land Grabbing” concept as one of innovative tools of the theoretical apparatus of political science. Using the method of historical and logical unity, the author evaluates the role of the “Land Grabbing” strategy, in comparison with “Double Movement” theory and the typology of international food regimes. In particular, the article is devoted to the study of the stages of emergence and evolution of this concept, unfamiliar to the Russian academic community. Based on a comparative analysis, all theories used to describe the expropriation of ecosystem resources are compared. As a result of the procedure, the compilation feature of all related concepts is diagnosed, and the hidden discursive disagreement is eliminated. Using the method of critical analysis, the author develops a “Two-phase model of the occupation of control”, which emphasizes the dominant position of the Conflict paradigm – the semantic module of the idea of “Land Grabbing”. In the experimental part of the article, the effectiveness of the “Land Grabbing” concept is verified on a specific example – the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation. Via the method of statistical observation, the author analyzes the dynamics of property rights and systematizes the register of commercial contracts concluded with agricultural land in the period from 2000 to 2023. It is proved that foreign corporations are the ultimate beneficiaries in more than 90% of cases of all land transactions. Relying on the method of secondary data analysis, the author identifies the largest commercial owners of agricultural land and the leading countries in offshore exploitation of the general domestic ecosystem resource. By the visualization method, a “Tree-factor model of Land Grabbing” is constructed, the indicators of which are the processes of Corporatization, Foreignization and Catastrophization. In the final part of the work, the author simulates a predictive scenario for the transformation of the global food system based on a retrospective analysis of international food regimes. At the same time, a legal examination of the strategy for national security of the Russian Federation is conducted. Drawing on the analysis performed, the author formulates recommendations relevant to the current geopolitical situation.
Islamist Terrorism in Africa in the 2010–2020s: Main Trends and Prospects
Authors: Yashlavskii A.
Published: April 2024

In recent years, an obvious sign of intensifying terrorist activities by Islamist radicals in Africa has been a steady trend indicating the expanding geography of their extremist actions. Africa turned out to be the region of the world most affected by jihadist terrorism. Moreover, there is an “African U-turn” in the activities of transnational Islamist networks that aim to spread their influence in many regions of the continent. While in the 2010s militant Islamist groups were primarily active in Algeria and Somalia, by the early 2020s the scope of African jihadists’ activities had significantly expanded (mainly in West and Central Africa). At the same time, the Sahel region has become one of the main terrorist hotbeds of jihadist groups on the continent, where the number of violent acts committed by Islamists has doubled annually since 2015. In the article, the author analyzes the causes and specifics of the spreading influence of extremist groups in Africa, examines the significance of internal and external factors that affect these processes, and draws conclusions about the correlation of global and local agendas in the activities of militant Islamists in African countries. The author also makes a prediction that current trends suggest the possibility of new “hot spots” of militant jihadist activities on the continent (in particular, in countries such as Tanzania, Kenya, South Africa) to arise, and the Islamist jihadism in existing hotbeds to intensify.
Sicill-i Ahvâl Defterlerine Göre Osmanlı Devleti’nde Görev Yapan Akşehir Doğumlu Memurlar [1879-1913]
Authors: Güneş Mehmet
Published: April 2024

Osmanlı Devleti’nin kuruluş ve yükseliş dönemlerinde bir meslek olarak algılanmaktan ziyade, devlet adına görev yapma ve insanlara hizmet anlayışı içerisinde değerlendirilen memurluk ile ilgili II. Mahmud ve Tanzimat dönemlerinden itibaren önemli düzenleme ve yenilikler yapılmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nde daha önceden memurlar gelişigüzel seçilip atanmakta iken Tanzimat Dönemi’nden itibaren memur olabilmek için ciddi kriterler ihdas edilmiştir. Merkeziyetçi bir anlayışla sivil bürokrasiyi etkin bir biçimde siyasi kontrol altına alma gayreti içerisinde olan II. Abdülhamid tarafından 6 Şubat 1879’da Sicill-i Ahvâl Komisyonu’nun kurulması ise personel rejiminde reform niteliği taşıyan önemli bir gelişme olmuştur. Bu tarihten sonra Osmanlı Devleti’nin hizmetinde çalışan tüm memurların biyografileri Sicill-i Ahvâl Defterleri’ne kaydedilerek görevlerindeki değişiklikler takip edilmeye başlanmıştır.

Bu çalışmada, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi Dahiliye Nezareti Sicill-i Ahvâl Defterleri koleksiyonunda yer alan bu defterlerden 32 farklı defter içerisinde biyografik bilgileri bulunan Akşehir doğumlu devlet memurları incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Akşehirli memurlar ile ilgili daha önce bu türden bir çalışma yapılmamış olup, çalışmanın bölge tarihine ve benzeri çalışmalara katkı sunması amaçlanmaktadır.
24-Year-Old Patient with Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome Underwent Cementless Robotic Cruciate-Retaining TKA
Authors: Reading Landon , Brown Colin , Pasqualini Ignacio , Huffman Nickelas , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: April 2024

Case:

A 24-year-old man with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) presented with severe knee osteoarthritis unresponsive to conservative measures. Owing to end-stage, debilitating arthritic symptoms, surgery was pursued. Careful preoperative, multidisciplinary planning/treatment included magnetic resonance imaging to characterize the venous malformations throughout the right lower extremity, preoperative sclerotherapy, sirolimus, and robotic-assisted cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Conclusion:

Cementless robotic-assisted TKA with selective patellar resurfacing can be a viable option for young KTS patients with severe osteoarthritis when a meticulous multidisciplinary approach, including sclerotherapy and advanced imaging, is undertaken to analyze vascular abnormalities, minimize surgical risks, preserve bone stock, and optimize outcomes.
Exertional Lower Extremity Pain in a Triathlete Caused by External Iliac Artery Endofibrosis
Authors: Okamoto Yasufumi , Funasaki Hiroki , Tanaka Kota , Ohki Takao , Saito Mitsuru
Published: April 2024

Case:

This report describes a 25-year-old female professional triathlete with right external iliac artery endofibrosis (EIAE) that was definitively diagnosed on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images obtained immediately after treadmill running. The EIAE was treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. By 8 weeks after surgery, she had no symptoms of claudication or pain in the right thigh after a 1-hour running session. There has been no recurrence in 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusion:

EIAE is a rare condition and difficult to diagnose in a timely manner because symptoms and radiographic imaging features appear only during intense exercise. Our patient was successfully treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.
Relación de la estrategia, estructura y cultura en la sostenibilidad de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES)
Authors: Mejía Zambrano Fabio , Fernando Reinoso Juan , Pinzón José Víctor
Published: April 2024

El propósito del presente estudio es proporcionar un análisis de la información relacionada con las publicaciones de investigación científica asociadas a la gestión universitaria, y su relación con la estrategia, cultura y estructura, disponibles en Web of Science y Scopus. El estudio se desarrolló considerando la siguiente pregunta, ¿cómo se relaciona la estrategia, estructura y cultura en la sostenibilidad de las instituciones de educación superior? Con el fin de alcanzar el objetivo implícito en ella, se desarrolló un análisis bibliométrico a través del programa VOSviewer®. Se identificó los conceptos recurrentes que sirvieron de base para estructurar, a través de un análisis de contenido, la fundamentación teórica de las categorías fundantes que generan tensión en la formulación del problema. Posteriormente, se presenta la discusión que plantea la interacción de las categorías incluidas en la investigación. En el análisis realizado se hace alusión a cómo los elementos de gestión estratégica influyen en las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad, ahí se propone un aporte diferencial susceptible de ser aplicado en contexto, según la naturaleza y tipología en las IES, trascendiendo el alcance de la discusión teórica.

Se identificó que la estrategia, la estructura y la cultura son elementos transversales de una categoría emergente en el estudio denominada gobernanza, que está asociada a la gestión estratégica, a la plena autonomía universitaria, a los nuevos instrumentos de responsabilidad pública y al aseguramiento de la calidad. Se encontró que la gobernanza, es catalogada en la literatura reciente, como el factor determinante para la sostenibilidad de las IES.
Fluid Spontaneous Imbibition Under the Influence of Osmotic Pressure in Deep Coalbed Methane Reservoir in the Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Ma Ruying , Yao Yanbin , Zhang Xiaona , Dai Xuguang , Wang Zefan , Sun Xiaoxiao
Published: April 2024

The flowback rate of a hydraulic fracturing fluid is related to coalbed methane (CBM) production in gas wells. The deep (>2000 m) CBM reservoir in the Ordos Basin has an extremely high salinity (>200 000 mg/L), which results in a very low flowback rate of fracturing fluid. The mechanism underlying the extremely low flowback rate of the fracturing fluid remains unclear. This study experimentally simulated two patterns of osmotic pressure variation that exist at a hydraulic fracturing site: the processes of injection of a low-salinity fracturing fluid into a high-salinity reservoir and a high-salinity fracturing fluid into a low-salinity reservoir. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology was used to monitor dynamic fluid migration and fluid distribution in the coals. Results showed that osmotic pressure is a driving force for spontaneous imbibition when the salinity of the fracturing fluid is lower than that of the reservoir water, and more fluid enters the coal as the osmotic pressure increases. This causes the displacement of the high-salinity fluid already present in the micropores by the low-salinity fracturing fluid. In high-salinity deep coal seams, both osmotic pressure and capillary forces cause the spontaneous imbibition of the fracturing fluid from fractures into pores, promoting CH4 desorption, alleviating the water-blocking effect, and enhancing the filtration loss of the fracturing fluid. In contrast, the injection of a high-salinity fluid into the reservoir with a low-salinity brine (LSB) creates an osmotic pressure difference that prevents fluid imbibition. In shallow, low-salinity coal seams, the injection of high-salinity fracturing fluids can result in high flowback rates. Therefore, these two injection schemes are significant for an understanding of the role of osmotic pressure in deep CBM extraction and serve as valuable guides for optimizing the selection of the fracturing fluid and improving its effective flowback.
WITHDRAWN: Four weeks minimalist shoe walking improves measures of foot posture and balance in healthy young adults – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gabriel Anna , Wearing Scott , Horstmann Thomas , Konrad Andreas
Published: April 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Effective optimization of atomic decoration in giant and superstructurally ordered crystals with machine learning
Authors: Cerasoli Frank , Donadio Davide
Published: April 2024

Crystals with complicated geometry are often observed with mixed chemical occupancy among Wyckoff sites, presenting a unique challenge for accurate atomic modeling. Similar systems possessing exact occupancy on all sites can exhibit superstructural ordering, dramatically inflating the unit cell size. Here, we propose a site permutation search (SPS) algorithm for discovering the optimal atomic decoration on fixed crystalline geometries. Our approach relies on the evidence that, for a given chemical composition, a crystal graph convolutional neural network estimates the correct energetic ordering of different atomic decorations, as predicted by electronic structure calculations. This provides a suitable energy landscape that can be optimized according to site occupation, allowing the prediction of chemical decoration in crystals exhibiting mixed or disordered occupancy, or superstructural ordering. The optimization algorithm is based on Monte Carlo moves combined with simulated annealing and basin-hopping techniques. Verification of the procedure is carried out on several known compounds, including the superstructurally ordered clathrate compound Rb8Ga27Sb16 and vacancy-ordered perovskite Cs2SnI6, neither of which were previously seen during the neural network training. Additionally, the critical temperature of an order-disorder phase transition in solid solution CuZn is probed with our SPS routines by sampling site configuration trajectories in the canonical ensemble. This strategy provides an accurate method for determining favorable decoration in complex crystals and analyzing site occupation at unprecedented speed and scale.
SMAC mimetics drive microglia phenotype and glioblastoma immune microenvironment
Authors: Snacel-Fazy Emmanuel , Soubéran Aurélie , Grange Magali , Joseph Kevin , Colin Carole , Morando Philippe , Luche Hervé , Brustlein Sophie , Debarbieux Franck , Siret Carole , de Pavert Serge A. van , Rougon Geneviève , Figarella-Branger Dominique , Ravi Vidhya Madapusi , Tabouret Emeline , Tchoghandjian Aurélie
Published: April 2024

Background Tumor-associated macrophages/microglia (TAMs) are highly plastic and heterogeneous immune cells that can be immune-supportive or tumor-supportive depending on the microenvironment. TAMs are the most abundant immune cells in glioblastoma (GB) and play a key role in immunosuppression. Therefore, TAMs reprogramming toward immune-supportive cells is a promising strategy to overcome treatment resistance. In this study, we investigated the effect of inhibiting the Inhibitor of Apoptosis proteins (IAPs) by SMAC mimetics (SM) on TAMs reprogramming.
Methods We used scRNAseq human GB databases to identify IAPs expression by TAMs. We treated explants and cultured immune cells isolated from human GB samples with SM to determine IAPs involvement in TAMs phenotypes and activities as evaluated by immunofluorescences, flow cytometry and cytokine array. We set up co-cultures of microglia and spheroids/tumoroids to determine the role of microglia in SM-response. Then we designed a relevant immunogenic mouse GB model to decipher the spatio-temporal densities, distribution, phenotypes and function of TAMs with or without SM treatment. We used light-sheet microscopy, two-photon imaging, a transgenic mouse with fluorescent TAM subsets and mass cytometry.
Results We showed that IAPs are expressed in TAMs. SM treatment promoted microglia pro-apoptotic and anti-tumoral function viacaspase-3 pro-inflammatory cleavage and the inhibition of tumoroids growth. In vivo, SM promoted microglia activation, antigen-presenting function and their tumor infiltration. In addition, we observed a remodeling of the blood vessels, a decrease in anti-inflammatory macrophages and an increased level of monocytes and their monocyte-derived dendritic cell progeny. This reprogramming of the TAM landscape was associated with an increase in CD8 T cell density and activation.
Conclusion Altogether, these results demonstrated that SM drive microglia toward an active phenotype with pro-apoptotic and anti-tumoral function and modify the GB immune landscape. This identifies SM as a molecule of choice for TAMs reprogramming.
An experimental study to determine the effects of particle size and bifurcation angle on the distribution of flow and sediment transport parameters in a bifurcated channel.
Authors: Das Amit , Barman Bibhas Chandra , Nandi Nityananda
Published: April 2024

Flow and sediment sharing in a bifurcated channel are considered to be a very important issues in river engineering and flood management. The present study has been conducted based on the field bifurcation of the Kangsabati river bifurcates at Kapastikri, about 75 km downstream of Kangsabati reservoir of West Midnapore, West Bengal, India. A scaled physical model simulating bifurcation region was conducted on a fixed-bed model at the Laboratory of River Research Institute (RRI), West Bengal (WB), India. The model set-up has been run with a range of discharges, including low, moderate, and high with three different sets of bifurcation angles. Furthermore, three different sizes of sediment of varying densities have been used to find the transport capacity of sediment for individual bifurcated angle. A set of data have been collected for different conditions like varying discharge, angle of bifurcation, mean size of sediment () particle and a comprehensive analysis have been done with respect to collected data to see how discharge and sediment load (bed-load) are distributed over the bifurcated branches. The present physical model study has determined the optimum discharge in the main channel for which the sediment and discharge get equally distributed over the bifurcated branches. The experimental data confirm that the distribution of bed load is dependent on the shape of the bifurcation and the sediment transport ratio (s1/s2) is sensitive to the angle of bifurcation in which s1 & s2 represent sediment transport rate (kg/hr) in respective branches.
Early detection of esophageal cancer using multi-institutional data: An evaluation of AI detection algorithms based on narrowband and white-light imaging data
Authors: Kim Kwang Gi , Baik YoungSeo , Lee Hannah , Kim YoungJae , Chung Jun-Won
Published: April 2024

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In particular, esophageal squamous epithelial cell carcinoma is primarily diagnosed at the end stage and has a poor prognosis. For the early diagnosis and detection of esophageal cancer, this study aimed to develop an algorithm for detecting tumors in esophageal endoscopic images using innovative artificial intelligence (AI) technology. White-light images and narrowband image data collected at Gachon University Gil Hospital were used, and lesions were detected by applying the YOLOv5 and RetinaNet detection models. This study evaluated the performance of the model using precision, sensitivity, and the number of misdetections per image as evaluation indicators in a large-scale dataset. Additionally, the generalizability of the model was verified using external data collected from various institutions. The results showed that the AI model exhibited high precision and sensitivity in white-light and narrowband images by analyzing not only polyps but also superficial esophageal cancer, and the RetinaNet model exhibited excellent performance. These results are expected to contribute to a reduction in the misdiagnosis rate by enabling a more precise and rapid diagnosis. This study presents an effective method for detecting esophageal tumors through AI-based esophageal endoscopic image analysis, and it is expected to be helpful in investigating AI models that predict the depth of lesion invasion by incorporating real-time video-based detection and synthesis algorithms. These efforts are expected to contribute significantly to the effective diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer, thereby promoting the standardization of medical services.